bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment Rates and Causes of Readmissions in Military Casualties
Authors: Gharehchahi Hamid Reza , Mahmoudi Sadrollah , Khoshmohabat Hadi , Javadzadeh Hamid Reza , Mohamadrezapourzare Amin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Military medical care encompasses domains such as the long-term prognosis, morbidity, and quality of life of survivors after discharge from the hospital. The identification factors affecting hospitalization and readmissions are crucial in military settings. The study aimed to assess rates and causes of readmissions in military casualties.Methods: We included 775 military personnel with combat-related injuries from September 2014 to October 2019. We determined readmissions if they occurred within one year since the date of discharge from the index admission. The data was included regarding the pattern and mechanism of injury, Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), injury severity score (ISS), primary and subsequent treatments and procedures, experienced side effects, source of admission, hospital care unit, and the length of stay in the hospital. Results: The mean age of the patients was 27.99±7.55 years. The great majority of the investigated combat-related injuries were penetrating (N=639, 82.5%), followed by blunt (N=97, 12.5%). The most injured part of the body was the extremities (N=360, 46.5%), followed by the head and neck (N=175, 22.6%) and the abdomen and pelvis (N=106, 13.7%). The most common reason for the readmission event number 1-7 was overall wound infection. The average length of hospitalization during the index admission was 9.48±12.07 days. There was a significant relationship between multiple readmissions and total readmission days and LOS, max AIS, ISS, side effects, and blood transfusion(P<0.001 for all the variables). Among the variables influencing multiple readmissions, ISS>24 led to the highest risk. Conclusion: A longer LOS within the index admission and its associated factors put patients at risk of multiple and longer readmission events in the future. The outcomes imply that patients with more severe injuries may require high-quality care for longer durations as part of the initial hospital inpatient stay, and this may motivate more effective management of combat-related injuries and the associated medical costs.
Emerging Trends and Research on Hydroxychloroquine Treatment in Diseases From 1991 to 2020
Authors: Kong Lingjun , Wang Yanan , Zhang Wen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Recently, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has become a controversial point for whether it functioned in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim of this paper is mainly to explore the international frontiers and trends of HCQ clinical treatment in recent 30 years by bibliometric analysis. Besides, the research prospects and hotspots of HCQ therapy in COVID-19 have further been investigated quantitatively and qualitatively. Methods Publications related to HCQ treatment research from 1991 to 2020 and HCQ studies on COVID-19 from the end of 2019 till now were both obtained from Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC). Bibliometric analyses were primarily performed via Citespace 5.7.R1 to identify the trends of cooperation between countries and institutions, the research hotspots and frontiers. Results A total of 2642 articles and reviews on HCQ treatment in diseases were included, indicating an increase in number of publications since 2013. The United States was the largest scientific output country, followed by France and China. Trending keywords analysis indicated the hotspot research of HCQ treatment referred to “rheumatoid arthriti,” “chloroquine”, “systemic lupus erythematosus” and “COVID-19”. Moreover, 568 publications on the study of HCQ in COVID-19 therapy were also gathered from WOSCC, which showed the USA ranked first again in the world for its most publications. Further, Aix Marseille University, Univ Tehran Med Sci, Univ Paris, Harvard Med Sch and Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol were the five leading institutions in research of HCQ treatment in COVID-19.Conclusion Visualization knowledge map analysis regarding HCQ clinical treatment over the past 30 years suggested scientists are mainly focused on the autoimmune diseases therapy by HCQ. HCQ research have significantly increased since the end of 2019. Obviously, studies on HCQ in COVID-19 may lead the future direction of this field in recent years. The present study provides valuable information on HCQ research through bibliometric analysis so that researchers may identify new perspective and fields.
Harmine Hydrochloride Induced G2/M Phase Cell Cycle Arrest, Autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Leukemia K562 Cells through Modulation of the MAPK Pathway
Authors: Liu Zhilong , Zhang Peng , Zhao Na , Lv Lin-lin , Li Ziyu , Li Qiang , Yan Yuxia , Wu Zhongnan , Chen Wen-dan , Jiang JianWei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Previous studies have indicated that harmine hydrochloride (HAR-HC) has anti-tumor characteristics. However, its potential impact on human leukemia cells is unknown. In this study, we explored the potential mechanism of HAR-HC effects on human leukemia cells in vitro.
Methods

MTT assay was used to detect cell viability; A flow cytometer was used to analyze the cell cycle; Anexinn V-FITC/PI was used to detect cell apoptosis; Western blotting assay was used to analyze the expression of related proteins.
Results

The result of flow cytometry suggested G2/M phage arrest in K562 cells induced by HAR-HC. The expression levels of Cyclin E2, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Mcl-1, pro-caspase-3, and PARP decreased and the expression levels of Cyclin A2, Cyclin B1, p21, Myt-1, p-cdc2 (Tyr15), cleaved -caspase-3 and cleaved-PARP increased. Moreover, the expression of p-JNK and p-ERK1/2 increased and autophagy was induced in the HAR-HC treatment group. Additionally, HAR-HC facilitated autophagy by activating the ERK1/2 pathway.
Conclusion

HAR-HC induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, autophagy and apoptosis by activating the JNK, and ERK1/2 pathways in the human leukemia K562 cells.
Combining microfluidic spleen-like filtering unit with machine learning algorithms to characterize rare hereditary hemolytic anemia
Authors: Rizzuto Valeria , Mencattini Arianna , Álvarez-González Begoña , Giuseppe Davide Di , Martinelli Eugenio , Benéitez-Pastor David , Mañú-Pereira Maria del Mar , Lopez-Martinez Maria José , Samitier Josep 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Combining microfluidics technology with machine learning represents an innovative approach to conduct massive quantitative cell behavior study and implement smart decision-making systems in support of clinical diagnostics. The spleen plays a key-role in rare hereditary hemolytic anemia (RHHA), being the organ responsible for the premature removal of defective red blood cells (RBCs). The goal is to adapt the physiological spleen filtering strategy for in vitro study and monitoring of blood diseases through RBCs shape analysis. Then, a microfluidic spleen-like filtering unit and video data analysis are combined for the characterization of RBCs in RHHA. A filtering unit is designed to measure deformability by maintaining fixed the RBC orientation to study its capacity of restoring the original shape after crossing microconstrictions. Two cooperative learning approaches are used for the analysis: the majority voting scheme, in which the most voted label for all the cell images is the class assigned to the entire video; and the maximum sum of scores to decide the maximally scored class to assign. The proposed platform shows the capability to discriminate healthy controls and patients with an average efficiency of 91%, but also to distinguish between RHHA subtypes, with an efficiency of 82%.
Total Nitrogen Estimation in Agricultural Soils via Aerial Multispectral Imaging and Libs
Authors: Hossen Md Abir , Diwakar Prasoon K , Ragi Shankarachary 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Measuring soil health indicators is an important and challenging task that affects farmers’ decisions on timing, placement, and quantity of fertilizers applied in the farms. Most existing methods to measure soil health indicators (SHIs) are in-lab wet chemistry or spectroscopy-based methods, which require significant human input and effort, time-consuming, costly, and are low-throughput in nature. To address this challenge, we develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven near real-time unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based multispectral sensing (UMS) solution to estimate total nitrogen (TN) of the soil, an important macro-nutrient or SHI that directly affects the crop health. Accurate prediction of soil TN can significantly increase crop yield through informed decision making on the timing of seed planting, and fertilizer quantity and timing. We train two machine learning models including multi-layer perceptron and support vector machine to predict the soil nitrogen using a suite of data classes including multispectral characteristics of the soil and crops in red, near-infrared, and green spectral bands, computed vegetation indices, and environmental variables including air temperature and relative humidity. To generate the ground-truth data or the training data for the machine learning models, we measure the total nitrogen of the soil samples (collected from a farm) using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).
Integrative Effects of Stress- and Stress Tolerance-Inducing Elicitors on In Vitro Bioactive Compounds of Ajowan (Trachyspermum Ammi (L.) Sprague) Medicinal Plant
Authors: Niazian Mohsen , Howyzeh Mehdi Soltani , Sadat-Noori Seyed Ahmad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Bioactive compounds of medicinal plants have a wide range of applications in pharmaceutical, food and other industries. In vitro culture systems have great potential for sustainable production of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants. In the present study, the individual and combined effects of a stress tolerance-inducing (salicylic acid) and a stress-inducing elicitor (polyethylene glycol) were evaluated on regeneration efficiency, antioxidants activity and phytochemical profile of in vitro shoot cultures of ajowan. Different concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 µM) and polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) (0, 1, 2, 5%) were added to the shoot regeneration Murashige and Skoog medium containing Kin (1.5 mg/L) and NAA (0.25 mg/L) plant growth regulators. Salicylic acid reduced the adverse effect of PEG treatment on number of regenerated shoots and in vitro rooting. The activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and peroxidase enzymatic antioxidants were significantly increased in SA + PEG treated plants. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-profiling revealed quantitative and qualitative phytochemical differences between control and SA + PEG treated plants. The greatest means of p-cymene and thymol bioactive compounds were obtained from in vitro shoots treated with 5% PEG + 40 µM SA. The inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers proved the genetic stability of in vitro regenerated plants. The presented protocol is useful for large-scale sustainable production of secondary metabolites (SMs) of medicinal plants. The same strategy (stress tolerance-inducing elicitor + stress-inducing elicitor) is applicable to increase valuable SMs in other production systems such as hydroponic, greenhouse and field conditions.
Real-time Detection of Microgrid Islanding Considering Sources of Uncertainty Using Type-2 Fuzzy Logic and PSO&nbsp;Algorithm
Authors: Khonakdari Taghi Hosseinzadeh , Kamarposhti Mehrdad Ahmadi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Nowadays, in microgrids based on renewable energy resources (RESs), the uncertainties of load and power generation of distributed generation (DGs) resources is inevitable, which if not taken into account, will lead to errors in network analysis. Results: In this paper, a new method based on type-2 fuzzy logic isproposed to detect microgrid islanding; in whichthe power system does not misoperateduring complex operations, can correctly discriminate the microgrid islandingand other network events at the proper time, and prevent the undesirable performance of DGs. This controller detects islanding in the fastest time under different conditions, and the uncertainties in the system will not considerablyaffect the controller's performance. Conclusions: The proposed method is simulated on the sample system and examined in different scenarios. Then, a comparison is made in different conditions and scenarios between the suggested method and some common methods that have been presented so far to determine the ability of the proposed method to detect islanding.
Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in Passiflora by qPCR analysis reveals asymptomatic plants with viruses and new species with immunity
Authors: Gonçalves Zanon Santana , Jesus Onildo Nunes de , Lima Lucas Kennedy Silva , Corrêa Ronan Xavier 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The passion fruit woodiness disease (Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus – CABMV) causes socioeconomic problems for Brazilian passion fruit crop. Understanding the temporal progress of the disease and identifying resistance sources to CABMV are essential steps to develop resistant varieties. The objective of the study was to evaluate temporal progress of passion fruit woodiness disease, identify Passiflora genotypes with CABMV resistance and to detect virus infection in asymptomatic plants by qPCR. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using 128 genotypes belonging to 12 species and three hybrids (inter and intraspecific) of Passiflora evaluated in five periods after inoculation. The symptoms severity was quantified from the disease index (DI%). The CABMV infection in symptomatic plants was confirmed by RT-PCR and in asymptomatic plants by qPCR. Progress rates and disease severity were lower in the species P. cincinnata, P. gibertii, P. miersii e P. mucronata compared to P. edulis, P. alata, Passiflora sp. and hybrids. Of the evaluated genotypes, 20.31% were resistant, with emphasis on the accessions of P. suberosa, P. malacophylla, P. setacea, P. pohlii e P. bahiensis that did not show symptoms of virus. The absence of symptoms does not imply immunity of plants to the virus, as the qPCR analysis confirmed infection by the virus in asymptomatic plants of P. cincinnata, P. gibertii, P. miersii, P. mucronata, P. setacea, P. malacophylla e P. suberosa. Even after four inoculations, the virus was not detected by qPCR in the upper leaves in plants of P. pohlii and P. bahiensis indicating that these species are immune to CABMV.
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy with more than 60 Gy improved the survival of inoperable patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a population-based real-world study
Authors: Zhang Wei , Yu Jing , Hu Jing , Li Jie , Ouyang Wen , Zhang Junhong , Gong Yan , Xie Conghua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is widely applied during the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), but the optimal radiation dose still lacks a consensus. The aim of this study was to explore the optimal radiation dose for inoperable locally advanced ESCC patients treated with IMRT in a real-world clinical setting.
Methods

A total of 90 inoperable ESCC patients with locally advanced stages of Ⅱ-IVA treated with IMRT in our institute between February 1, 2014 and June 30, 2019 were included in this retrospective study. Sixty patients had received > 60 Gy (high dose group) and 30 patients had received ≤ 60 Gy (low dose group). The median radiation dose was 66 Gy (range: 61–70 Gy) and 50.2 Gy (range: 40–60 Gy), respectively. Concurrent chemotherapies were platinum-based regimens.
Results

The median progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of all patients were 7.6 and 14.1 months, respectively. Patients in the high dose group exhibited a significantly better PFS (1-year PFS 34.6% vs 22.8%; 2-year PFS 11.9% vs 0%, P = 0.008) and OS (1-year OS 57.5% vs 39.5%; 2-year OS 31.4% vs 15.8%, P = 0.007). The median PFS in the high and low dose groups were 8.1 and 6.1 months, and the median OS were 15.4 and 8.5 months, respectively. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that radiation dose (> 60 Gy vs ≤ 60 Gy) was independently prognostic factor for OS (HR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22–0.89; P = 0.021), but not for PFS (HR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.31–1.02; P = 0.058). There was no significant difference in treatment-related toxicities of grade ≥ 3 between the 2 groups (P = 0.402).
Conclusion

This retrospective study confirmed that higher radiation dose (> 60 Gy) resulted in better survival outcomes for inoperable patients with locally advanced ESCC treated with IMRT.
Effects of an Indigenous Food Diet on Nutritional Outcomes for Under-Five Children in Early Childhood Development Centres, Limpopo Province, South Africa: A Pretest-Posttest Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: Nepfumbada Gundo , Tlou Boikhutso , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani Phosa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Access to an adequate diet is a key criterion for improving nutritional status. Indigenous food (IF) can play a big role in improving dietary variety in rural populations. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of an IF diet for under-five children in Early childhood development (ECD) centres.Method: A one-group pretest-posttest experimental design study was undertaken in three ECD centres from three different villages of Sekhukhune district, the former Fetakgomo municipality, in Limpopo, South Africa. An IF diet intervention was implemented for a period of six months with 253 children aged 0-5 attending three ECD centres. Anthropometric measurements were taken pre-introduction of an IF diet and post-intervention. The dependent sample t-Test was used to compare the pre- and post-anthropometric measures, and a p-value<0.5 was deemed statistically significant.Results: Significant improvement in the nutritional outcomes of the participating children were recorded, a majority (50%) of who were aged three. The study showed significant differences in pre- and post-anthropometric measurements for weight p<0.0001 and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) (p=0.002), whilst there was not any significant difference on pre- and post-height measurements (p=0.857).Conclusion: The adapted IF diet is shown to be effective for the nutritional outcomes of children and can be used to promote the use of IF and address nutritional deficiencies amongst under-five children in Limpopo, South Africa.
An Assessment of Relation of Environmental Parameters and COVID-19 Transmission at the Early Stage During March-may 2020 in India
Authors: Gouda K C , Benke Mahendra , Singh Priya , Kumari Reshama , Nikhilasuma P , Agnihotri Geeta , Joshi Sneh , Himesh S 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mainly caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) became a global pandemic by March 2020. Actually, there is no strong evidence of weather and COVD-19 spread relation as it is a new virus. This study mainly focuses on the tropical weather impact on the spatio-temporal spread of COVID-19 during the early stages i.e. March-May 2020 in India, which is a large country where the disease has shown an exponential growth.Methods This study is an attempt to assess the relationship of major environmental parameters like solar radiation, air temperature and relative humidity with the positive cases of COVID-19 for the period March-May 2020 which is the summer season or pre-monsoon season over India. The time series and significant correlation analysis at daily, weekly scale and the spatial analysis of weather and COVID-19 cases are presented.ResultsThe results show a significant correlation of solar radiation and atmospheric temperature with COVID-19 cases, both at daily and weekly scale in India whereas relative humidity has low correlation in the study period. But the temperature humidity index (THI), a measure of the thermal stress, shows positive correlation with the disease spread. ConclusionsThese results could be a good input for developing the integrated modelling framework for the COVID-19 forecasting using state of art numerical weather prediction model and disease process modelling.
EpistoNet: An ensemble of Epistocracy-optimized mixture of experts for detecting COVID-19 on chest X-ray images
Authors: Mojab Seyed Ziae Mousavi , Shams Seyedmohammad , Fotouhi Farshad , Soltanian-Zadeh Hamid 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Coronavirus has spread across the world and infected millions of people, causing devastating damage to the public health and global economies. To mitigate the impact of the coronavirus a reliable, fast, and accurate diagnostic system should be promptly implemented. In this study, we propose EpistoNet, a decision tree-based ensemble model using two mixtures of discriminative experts to classify COVID-19 lung infection from chest X-ray images. To optimize the architecture and hyper-parameters of the designed neural networks, we employed Epistocracy algorithm, a novel hyper-heuristic evolutionary method. Using 2,500 chest X-ray images consisting of 1,250 COVID-19 and 1,250 non-COVID-19 cases, we left out 500 images for testing and partitioned the remaining 2,000 images into 5 different clusters using K-means clustering algorithm. We trained multiple deep convolutional neural networks on each cluster to help build a mixture of strong discriminative experts from the top-performing models supervised by a gating network. The final ensemble model obtained 95% accuracy on COVID-19 images and 93% accuracy on non-COVID-19. The experimental results show that EpistoNet can accurately, and reliably be used to detect COVID-19 infection in the chest X-ray images, and Epistocracy algorithm can be effectively used to optimize the hyper-parameters of the proposed models.
Mobile technology as a health literacy enabler in African rural areas: a literature review
Authors: Ouedraogo Ismaila , Some Borlli Michel J , Benedikter Roland , Diallo Gayo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Since the launch of mobile phones three decade ago, the latter have been used to support healthcare systems through various mobile health (m-health) applications. In recent years, multiple mobile phone-based health projects and applications have emerged. Despite the great enthusiasm around m-health, few studies have examined the use of cell phones to improve health literacy in Africa. This paper aims to review studies related to the contribution of mobile technologies in improving health literacy in rural areas of Africa. Methods: We performed a four-step systematic review to identify relevant publications: (1) Database selection, (2) Keyword search, (3) Study selection and (4) Data extraction. In addition, manual searching methods were used to find keywords related to m-health initiatives in Africa. Discussion: Our search resulted in the identification of 38 studies and initiatives related to health literacy and mobile technologies in Africa. However, few of these studies focused on health literacy and mobile technologies in rural areas of Africa. We also found that m-health initiatives to date have not been inclusive, with very few integrating local languages in the development of m-health solutions. Our findings thus point to various potential avenues to be investigated in the future.