bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separated Families and Epistolary Assistance
Authors: Roseau Katherine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article focuses on clandestine letters between Jews in French internment camps and their loved ones. It offers an examination of these letters, which were hidden in packages or thrown from cattle cars on their way to Auschwitz. These letters are astonishingly abundant today largely thanks to three types of aid: creative self-help, mutual aid among internees, and aid from non-Jewish helpers. At the intersection of three areas of scholarship—the material letter, internment camps, and aid to Jews during the Holocaust—this article explores how internees could write with limited resources, send letters without using the official postal service, and participate in mutual aid inside the camps. The article argues that the internment-camp letter was at once the result of aid and itself an avenue of aid, parallel to the more organized humanitarian organizations.Cet article porte sur la correspondance clandestine entre les Juifs dans les camps d'internement en France et leurs proches. Il présente une analyse de ces lettres que l'on a cachées dans des colis ou que l'on a jetées des wagons à bestiaux destinés à Auschwitz. Une correspondance d'une abondance étonnante existe aujourd'hui en grande partie grâce à trois types d'aide : la débrouillardise individuelle, l'entraide parmi les internés et l'aide des non-Juifs. A la croisée de trois champs de recherche (la matérialité de la lettre, les camps d'internement et l'aide aux Juifs pendant la Shoah), cet article explore comment les internés ont pu écrire avec un matériau limité, envoyer des lettres sans la poste, et s'entraider à l'intérieur des camps. L'article suggère que la lettre du camp d'internement soit à la fois le résultat et l'agent de cette aide, œuvrant en parallèle des organisations humanitaires plus officielles.
Les lettres d’admiratrices et admirateurs reçues par l’acteur René Navarre au début du vingtième siècle
Authors: Monnier Solène 
Published: April 2021

PrécisEntre 1912 et 1939, l'acteur René Navarre, célèbre pour son rôle de Fantômas (1913–14), reçut un nombre important de lettres d'admiratrices et admirateurs. Ces derniers adoptent de multiples stratégies afin de tisser un lien plus fort que celui qui les maintient au statut d'adorateur auprès de leur idole. A la frontière de l'individuel et du social, la lettre offre de riches informations à celui qui s'y intéresse. Cet article s'efforce d'analyser certains de ces courriers en interrogeant les nombreuses formes de « distance »—spatio-temporelle, sociale, culturelle, émotionnelle—auxquelles ils se confrontent.Between 1912 and 1939, actor René Navarre, a.k.a. Fantômas in the homonymous serial of 1913–14, received much fan mail from his many admirers. In their letters, Navarre's admirers adopted a variety of strategies to establish personalized connections with their idol, moving beyond mere worship. This article explores this surprising epistolary corpus, probing the boundary between public and private spheres to interrogate the many forms of “distance”—spatiotemporal, social, cultural, emotional—that these letters confronted.
Evidence, objectivity and welfare reform: a qualitative study of disability benefit assessments
Authors: Porter Tom , Pearson Charlotte , Watson Nick 
Published: April 2021

Background: Anti-welfare narratives depict welfare systems as overly-permissive, open to fraud, and fundamentally unfair. Countering these supposed ills have been political appeals to evidence and reforms made to disability benefit assessments under the banner of objectivity. But objectivity is a complex construct, which entails philosophical and political choices that tend to oppress, exclude and symbolically disqualify alternative perspectives.
Aims and objectives: To examine reforms made to UK disability benefits assessments in the name of objectivity.
Methods: Thematic analysis of 50 in-depth qualitative interviews with UK disability benefit claimants.
Findings: Reforms made in pursuit of procedural objectivity reproduce existing social order, meaning claimants without personal, social and economic resources are less likely to succeed. Data reveal an increasingly detached and impersonal assessment process, set against a broader welfare landscape in which advocacy and support have been retrenched. In this context, attaining a valid and reliable assessment was, for many, contingent upon personal, social and economic resources.
Discussion and conclusions: Political appeals to evidence helped establish an impetus and a legitimising logic for welfare reform. Procedural objectivity offers superficially plausible, but ultimately specious, remedies to longstanding anti-welfare tropes. Despite connotations of methodological neutrality, procedural objectivity is not a politically neutral epistemological standpoint. To know disability in a genuinely valid and reliable way, knowledge-making practices must respect dignity and proactively counter exclusory social order. These latter principles promise outcomes that are more trustworthy by virtue of their being more just.
Prekäre Kopräsenz. Raum, Sozialräume und geteiltes Erleben in Zeiten der Pandemie
Authors: Wabel Thomas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article explores changes in public self-awareness resulting from the reduction of social interaction in physical presence during the Covid-19 pandemic. Following the three dimensions of shared public space, social interaction in direct encounter, and shared meaning, the text argues that dwindling opportunities to experience social cohesion may become paradigmatic for more fundamental deficiencies in societal interaction. Seen in this light, church services in physical presence can help to maintain a sense for public life in physical presence, unmediated by digital tools.
Gottesdienst in ›Corona‹-Zeiten oder: Drei Variationen zum Thema Präsenz
Authors: Deeg Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article focuses on liturgical questions caused by the Corona-pandemic and concentrates on the question of liturgical presence. For the Reformation, the presence of Christ/of God’s word and the presence of the congregation as an active subject in worship is central: Worship is all about the communio in a vertical and horizontal perspective and the participation of the whole congregation. Seen in this perspective, the discussion about the possibility of (Sunday) services in physical co-presence in 2020 was notably reduced. The article reflects (1) on bodily presence in digital contexts, (2) on the presence of the Church in the public sphere, and (3) on God’s presence in worship. The article aims to overcome dualistic concepts of ‘digital vs. analogue’ and reevaluate the chances of digital presence and physical co-presence in liturgical contexts.
Bauen nach dem Bauhaus
Authors: Schwarting Andreas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hermann Blomeier is one of around 80 graduates from the Bau- und Ausbauabteilung, a comparatively small group among the more than 1200 students at the Bauhaus who have only recently come under the spotlight of research. The biographies of several graduates are known, such as Franz Ehrlich, Erich Consemüller, Howard Dearstyne, Selman Selmanagić, Herbert Hirche or Arieh Sharon; many more are lost, however. Although the Bauhaus was not a ›school‹ in the sense of a unified design approach and a binding canon of forms, it is instructive on an individual level to study the work of Blomeier, one of the Bauhaus graduates and students of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe who has so far received little attention. On the basis of three projects from the 1950s, the viability of the design approaches conveyed at the Bauhaus for the construction tasks of the post-war period are examined.
First, the ferry ports connecting Konstanz and Meersburg will be considered as the first major project by Blomeier after the Second World War. The buildings for the Bodensee-Wasserversorgung – at times the largest construction site in West Germany of the 1950s – represent an outstanding example of industrial architecture and technical infrastructure in their fusion of art, technology and landscape. The smallest of the three projects, the building for the rowing club Neptun, located directly opposite the old town of Konstanz on the Seerhein, points with its innovative modular primary structure well beyond contemporary architecture and anticipates developments of the late 1960s, such as the Japanese Metabolists or the Plug-In-City of Archigram.
A clinical set-up for noninvasive blood pressure monitoring using two photoplethysmograms and based on convolutional neural networks
Authors: Esmaelpoor Jamal , Sanat Zahra Momayez , Moradi Mohammad Hassan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Blood pressure is a reliable indicator of many cardiac arrhythmias and rheological problems. This study proposes a clinical set-up using conventional monitoring systems to estimate systolic and diastolic blood pressures continuously based on two photoplethysmogram signals (PPG) taken from the earlobe and toe. Several amendments were applied to conventional clinical monitoring devices to construct our project plan. We used two monitors to acquire two PPGs, one ECG, and invasive blood pressure as the reference to evaluate the estimation accuracy. One of the most critical requirements was the synchronization of the acquired signals that was accomplished by using ECG as the time reference. Following data acquisition and preparation procedures, the performance of each PPG signal alone and together was investigated using deep convolutional neural networks. The proposed architecture was evaluated on 32 records acquired from 14 patients after cardiovascular surgery. The results showed a better performance for toe PPG in comparison with earlobe PPG. Moreover, they indicated the algorithm accuracy improves if both signals are applied together to the network. According to the British Hypertension Society standards, the results achieved grade A for both blood pressure measurements. The mean and standard deviation of estimation errors were +0.3 ± 4.9 and +0.1 ± 3.2 mmHg for systolic and diastolic BPs, respectively. Since the method is based on conventional monitoring equipment and provides a high estimation consistency, it can be considered as a possible alternative for inconvenient invasive BP monitoring in clinical environments.
An application of finite element method in material selection for dental implant crowns
Authors: Şensoy Abdullah T. , Çolak Murat , Kaymaz Irfan , Findik Fehim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Materials used for dental crowns show a wide range of variety, and a dentist’s choice can depend on several factors such as patient desires, esthetics, tooth factors, etc. One of the most important issues for implant surgery is the primary stability and it should be provided to minimize the risks of screw loosening, failed osseointegration, or nonunion. The current study aims to present the Finite Element Analysis (FEA)-based material selection strategy for a dental crown in terms of reducing the aforementioned risks of dental implants. A virtual surgery mandible model obtained using MIMICS software was transferred to the ANSYS and material candidates determined using CES software were compared using FEA. The results indicated that Zr02+Y2O3 (zirconia) has shown a 12.79% worse performance compared to Au83-88/Pt4-12/Pd4.5-6 alloy in terms of abutment loosening. On the other hand, zirconia is the most promising material for dental crowns in terms of the stability of the bone-implant complex. Therefore, it may show the best overall performance for clinical use. Moreover, as suggested in this study, a better outcome and more accurate predictions can be achieved using a patient-specific FEA approach for the material selection process.
Audit of sweat chloride testing reveals analytical errors
Authors: Prenzel Freerk , Ceglarek Uta , Adams Ines , Hammermann Jutta , Issa Ulrike , Lohse Gerhild , Mainz Jochen G. , Meister Jochen , Spittel Dana , Thoss Karin , Vogel Mandy , Duckstein Franziska , Henn Constance , Hentschel Julia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Sweat chloride testing (SCT) is the mainstay for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) and biomarker in the evaluation of CFTR-modifying drugs. To be a reliable and valid tool, analytical variance (CVA) must be minimized. However, external quality assessments have revealed significant deviations in routine clinical practice. Our goal was to identify and quantify technical errors through proficiency testing and simulations.

Methods
Chloride concentrations of three blinded samples (each as triplicates) were measured in 9 CF centers using a chloridometer in a routine setting. Technical errors were simulated and quantified in a series of measurements. We compared imprecision and bias before and after a counseling session by evaluating coefficients of variation (CV), adherence to tolerance limits, and inter-rater variability coefficients.

Results
Pipetting errors resulting in changes in sample volume were identified as the main source of error with deviations up to 41%. After the counseling session, the overall CVA decreased from 7.6 to 5.2%, the pass rate increased from 67 to 92%, and the inter-rater variability diminished. Significant deviations continued to be observed in individual centers.

Conclusions
Prevention of technical errors in SCT decreases imprecision and bias. Quality assurance programs must be established in all CF centers, including staff training, standard operating procedures, and proficiency testing.
Laboratory medicine in the COVID-19 era: six lessons for the future
Authors: Plebani Mario 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The lockdown due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a major healthcare challenge, is a worldwide threat to public health, social stability, and economic development. The pandemic has affected all aspects of society, dramatically changing our day-to-day lives and habits. It has also changed clinical practice, including practices of clinical laboratories. After one year, it is time to rethink what has happened, and is still happening, in order to learn lessons for the future of laboratory medicine and its professionals. While examining this issue, I was inspired by Italo Calvino’s famous work, “Six memos for the next millennium”.But I rearranged the Author’s six memos into “Visibility, quickness, exactitude, multiplicity, lightness, consistency”.
“The fair draught of Óðinn”
Authors: Eggertsdóttir Margrét 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Icelandic poets in the 16th and 17th century had great interest in formal features such as rhyme, kennings, and periphrasis. Rímur poets made use of Eddic diction and imagery but the use of kennings was not limited to rímur; it can also be found in other kinds of poetry. Baroque delight in periphrasis and metrical complexity ensured a favorable reception for the renewed interest in dróttkvætt measure, with its aurally intriguing rhymes and complex kennings. The paper discusses the use of kennings and the connection between kennings, riddles and metaphors and also between kennings and Eddic and classical myths.
Den kriminelle romanen og leseren
Authors: Omdal Gerd Karin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the article KYKA / 1984 is studied as a concrete experiment with the printed book as a medium and with the double-book-format. Karin Moe is in this text dealing with questions concerning the relationship between work and text, and between work, text and reader. The article is an exploration of the design and the composition of the book, and it also explores several kinds of transtextuality, which are establishing interconnections with other literary works and genres. Questions raised by Moe in KYKA / 1984 concerning language and gender are also examined. An important objective of the article is to uncover how and why an experimental and critical investigation is carried out in a book copying a well-known commercial format.
Kenningar in den metrischen Runeninschriften der Wikingerzeit und des Mittelalters
Authors: Krüger Jana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There are several reasons why it is of great importance to include the kennings of the metrical runic inscriptions in thorough investigations of kennings, albeit their number is not particularly high. One reason for this is that there are Viking-Age metrical inscriptions with kennings attested from Eastern Scandinavia, and mostly in eddic metres. Further, some of these kennings belong to the oldest kennings we know at all from Scandinavia, e. g. the kennings of the Theoderic-stanza on the Swedish Rök stone are older than the work of Bragi Boddason. To make it easier for further research to include these kennings, this article gives a short overview of this material. It is worth considering the kennings of the metrical runic inscriptions, for they show a great variety and they are highly developed. Beside the use of tvíkennt and rekit kennings, they testify the knowledge of half-kennings and the poetic device of ofljóst in medieval Norway.
Kennings and variability
Authors: Wills Tarrin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A casual examination of the skaldic corpus suggests that a very large proportion of kennings are unique, that is, the nouns that form a kenning are very unlikely to appear elsewhere as a kenning, even when grammatical variation is taken into account. This enormous productivity is due to the principle of variability and substitution in kennings. The phenomenon is discussed in Fidjestøl’s 1974 structural analysis of the kenning system and presented there as a reversal of the principle of linguistic economy. This paper investigates this phenomenon by quantitatively analysing the kenning corpus as recorded in the skaldic database, in order to identify matching kennings within the corpus. The results are broken down according to the complexity of the kennings in question and are then examined in relation to the structural framework of the kenning system. It is shown, firstly, that a relatively small number of kennings are repeated (10–12 % of kennings are repeated), but that there is a fairly high amount of repetition among simple kennings (at least 25 % of simple kennings are found elsewhere in the corpus), suggesting that the kenning system has quantitative similarities with other linguistic systems, albeit with a much higher level of variability.
Lene Asks Kjære Rikard som utgangspunkt for utvikling av emosjonell literacy og mentaliseringsevne
Authors: Myhr Annika Bøstein , Bergland Oda Helene , Hovind Bente Jeannine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article explores whether reading Lene Ask’s documentary graphic novel Kjære Rikard (‘Dear Rikard’) may provide children and adults with training in, and an increased awareness of the importance of, emotional literacy and theory of mind. In order to investigate this question, the authors of the article conduct a close reading of Ask’s novel, using terminology from narratology, picture book and comics’ theory, and look for connections between the findings from the analyses and insights from reader-response theory and cognitive literary studies. The authors suggest that in combination, Ask’s fictive and documentarist drawings and the excerpts from the hand-written correspondence between young Rikard in Stavanger and his father, a missionary in Madagaskar in the 1890s, invite both children and adult readers to develop a keen sense of the value of emotional literacy and theory of mind.
Strain-dependent wicking behavior of cotton/lycra elastic woven fabric for sportswear
Authors: Wang Yong , Qiao Qifan , Ding Zuowei , Sun Fengxin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The strain-dependent vertical and horizontal wicking of as-prepared cotton/lycra elastic woven fabric was systematically studied. The experimental results revealed that the fabric exhibited a strain strengthening effect. A higher tensile strain results in a higher equilibrium wicking height, and vice versa. Moreover, the results indicated that the proposed Laughlin–Davies model is capable of tracking well the experimental data and replicating the wicking characteristics of fabric under different levels of stretch. In addition, the wetting time and wicking area of fabric under different strains and height regimes were examined during horizontal wicking. It was found that the wetting time decreased with an increase of strain and/or water drop height. The strain-enhanced and height-weakened effects of wicking area were revealed. The spreading mechanism of water drop in elastic fabric was also proposed. Such fundamental work provides a basic support for the in-depth investigation of wicking behavior of complex stretchable textile structures.
Synthesis, characterization, biological activities, and catalytic applications of alcoholic extract of saffron (Crocus sativus) flower stigma-based gold nanoparticles
Authors: Alhumaydhi Fahad A. , Khan Ibrahim , Rauf Abdur , Qureshi Muhammad Nasimullah , Aljohani Abdullah S. M. , Khan Shahid Ali , Khalil Anees Ahmed , El-Esawi Mohamed A , Muhammad Naveed 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCurrently, nanotechnology is gaining massive attention compared to conventional methods as the biosynthesis of plant-based nanoparticles is considered safe, effective, and ecofriendly. Therefore, keeping in view the importance of nanotechnology, the present study was designed to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the biological effectiveness of saffron stigma-based gold nanoparticles (SS-AuNPs) for theirin vitroandin vivobiological properties. These gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The highest antibacterial effect was observed by the saffron extract againstEscherichia coli(22 mm). SS-AuNPs significantly inhibited the activity of enzyme urease (54.98%) and CA-II (64.29%). However, the nonsignificant inhibitory effect was observed in the case of α-chymotrypsin. Maximum analgesic (84.98%) and antiinflammatory (88.98%) effects were observed for SS-AuNPs (10 mg/kg). Similarly, SS-AuNPs demonstrated a significant (P< 0.01) sedative effect at all tested doses.
Ein Schierlingsbecher oder ein Sprung ins Barathron? Hinrichtungsformen im klassischen Athen
Authors: Carlà-Uhink Filippo 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Aufsatz behandelt die drei unterschiedlichen Hinrichtungsformen, die im 5. und 4. Jahrhundert v. Chr. in Athen angedroht wurden: apotympanismós, Sturz ins Barathron und Schierling. Eine solche Untersuchung verspricht reichen Aufschluss über die demokratische Ideologie, die entsprechenden Diskurse und ihre stetige Verstärkung durch Prozesse und Bestrafungen. Der Aufsatz vertritt dabei die These, dass eine chronologische Analyse dieser Hinrichtungsformen einen wichtigen und bisher unerforschten Beitrag zur Debatte über Kontinuität und Diskontinuität in der athenischen Demokratie vor und nach der Tyrannis der Dreißig leisten kann. Er zeigt, dass die Formen, in denen die Todesstrafe angedroht wurde, das Ausmaß der Änderungen in den Diskursen in der und über die athenische Demokratie nach der Niederlage im Peloponnesischen Krieg erkennen lässt. Die Unterschiede in den Exekutionsformen können einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Verständnis der Verschiebung des Begriffes der „Gleichheit“ vom 5. ins 4. Jahrhundert v. Chr. leisten.