bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary hypertension in the child with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Malloy Kelsey W. , Austin Eric D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease of prematurity resulting from complex interactions of perinatal factors that often lead to prolonged respiratory support and increased pulmonary morbidity. There is also growing appreciation for the dysmorphic pulmonary bed characterized by vascular growth arrest and remodeling, resulting in pulmonary vascular disease and its most severe form, pulmonary hypertension (PH) in children with BPD. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the pathophysiology of PH in children with BPD, evaluate the current recommendations for screening and diagnosis of PH, discern associated comorbid conditions, and outline the current treatment options.
Shifts in amino acid preferences as proteins evolve: A synthesis of experimental and theoretical work
Authors: Youssef Noor , Susko Edward , Roger Andrew J. , Bielawski Joseph P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAmino acid preferences vary across sites and time. While variation across sites is widely accepted, the extent and frequency of temporal shifts are contentious. Our understanding of the drivers of amino acid preference change is incomplete: To what extent are temporal shifts driven by adaptive versus nonadaptive evolutionary processes? We review phenomena that cause preferences to vary (e.g., evolutionary Stokes shift, contingency, and entrenchment) and clarify how they differ. To determine the extent and prevalence of shifted preferences, we review experimental and theoretical studies. Analyses of natural sequence alignments often detect decreases in homoplasy (convergence and reversions) rates, and variation in replacement rates with time—signals that are consistent with temporally changing preferences. While approaches inferring shifts in preferences from patterns in natural alignments are valuable, they are indirect since multiple mechanisms (both adaptive and nonadaptive) could lead to the observed signal. Alternatively, site‐directed mutagenesis experiments allow for a more direct assessment of shifted preferences. They corroborate evidence from multiple sequence alignments, revealing that the preference for an amino acid at a site varies depending on the background sequence. However, shifts in preferences are usually minor in magnitude and sites with significantly shifted preferences are low in frequency. The small yet consistent perturbations in preferences could, nevertheless, jeopardize the accuracy of inference procedures, which assume constant preferences. We conclude by discussing if and how such shifts in preferences might influence widely used time‐homogenous inference procedures and potential ways to mitigate such effects.
Assessment of protein model structure accuracy estimation in CASP14: Old and new challenges
Authors: Kwon Sohee , Won Jonghun , Kryshtafovych Andriy , Seok Chaok 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn CASP, blind testing of model accuracy estimation methods has been conducted on models submitted by tertiary structure prediction servers. In CASP14, model accuracy estimation results were evaluated in terms of both global and local structure accuracy, as in the previous CASPs. Unlike the previous CASPs that did not show pronounced improvements in performance, the best single‐model method (from the Baker group) showed an improved performance in CASP14, particularly in evaluating global structure accuracy when compared to both the best single‐model methods in previous CASPs and the best multi‐model methods in the current CASP. Although the CASP14 experiment on model accuracy estimation did not deal with the structures generated by AlphaFold2, new challenges that have arisen due to the success of AlphaFold2 are discussed.
Processed reactive metal particulate combustibility
Authors: Zalosh Robert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBesides the usual particulate combustibility sensitivity to composition and particle size, processed metal particulate combustibility also depends on processing and handling complications, including additives and impurities, which can alter the particle morphology and surface oxide layer characteristics. These other complications render it difficult to generalize reactive processed particulate combustibility properties without testing to provide accurate property data. Examples of these considerations are given with regard to explosibility data for processed/waste particulate of different size and shape and moisture/additive levels for aluminum, manganese, titanium, and zirconium. As an example of the enormous variations in explosibility for these materials and particles, the data for normalized rate‐of‐pressure‐rise, Kst, for aluminum particulate range from 2 to 658 bar‐m/s.
Employing Equivalent Circuit Models to Study the Performance of Selenium‐Based Solar Cells with Polymers as Hole Transport Layers
Authors: Liu Wenbo , Yu Fei , Fan Weijun , Li Wei‐shi , Zhang Qichun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSelenium(Se)‐based solar cells (SSCs), known as one of the oldest solar cells, have regained intense attention due to the advantages of Se including direct bandgap, good stability, and single absorber. Among all kinds of device structures, conventional n‐i‐p SSCs with top organic hole transport layers (HTLs) show great potential since organic HTLs could be well‐designed to smoothly extract holes from the Se single absorber and protect the Se surface. However, till now, the performance of Se solar cells with organic HTLs is not as good as expected. To address this issue, herein, the SSCs are first presented with organic polymers as the HTLs with the improved efficiency up to 4.3%, which is the highest one in organic HTLs‐based SSCs. Additionally, comparing with perovskite solar cells, it is found that the recombination process is the key factor that influences the performance of SSCs. It is believed that the further optimization of the Se active layer and the design of new and suitable organic HTLs for SSCs should be the main focus to suppress the undesired recombination processes of Se films. Such realization would boost the efficiency of the as‐fabricated SSCs.
High Interfacial‐Energy and Lithiophilic Janus Interphase Enables Stable Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Li Guoxing , Liu Shipeng , Liu Zhe , Zhao Yingjie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe stability of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers is critical for developing lithium (Li) metal batteries. However, the fabrication of stable SEI layers is plagued by un‐controlled structures, properties, and functions. Here a controllable design of an ordered LiF‐rich and lithiophilic hybrid Janus interphase (LiF‐HJI) is reported using organic fluorination reagent as a functional SEI precursor. The LiF‐HJI with a lower crystalline LiF layer and an upper Li organosulfide layer provides high interfacial energy with the Li metal and strong Li‐ion affinity, allows homogenous Li‐ion distribution, fast and uniform Li‐ion transport, and excellent mechanical and passivation properties, enabling stable Li metal anodes under harsh conditions, such as high deposition capacities (6 mA h cm−2), current densities (10 mA cm−2), and rates (5 C). Stable LiF‐HJI@Li greatly improves cycling stability and capacity retention (80.1% after 300 cycles) of Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cells at a commercial‐level areal capacity (≈4.2 mA h cm−2). Even under a lean‐electrolyte condition of 3 g Ah−1, 80% capacity retention can be maintained after 100 cycles, demonstrating excellent cycling performance under such harsh conditions.
Single‐Atom Doping and High‐Valence State for Synergistic Enhancement of NiO Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Liu Meng , Ji Yujin , Li Youyong , An Pengfei , Zhang Jing , Yan Junqing , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe NiO‐based electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of water splitting is recognized as a promising approach to produce clean H2 fuel. However, the OER performance is still low, and especially, the overpotential is larger than 200 mV at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. Herein, an Ir@IrNiO sample is prepared with single‐atom (SA) Ir4+ doping and surface metallic Ir nanoparticles loaded onto the NiO. Owing to the bonding of the loaded Ir with surface‐exposed Ni2+, the nearby Ni atoms exist in the +3 valence state, that is, the surface‐loaded Ir particles behave like a stabilizer for the Ni3+ sites. Under the synergistic effect of SA Ir4+ and high‐valance‐state Ni3+, the Ir@IrNiO nanostructure effectively reduces the overpotential to 195 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Moreover, it gives an Ir‐content‐normalized current density of 0.0457 A mgIr−1, 72.1 times higher than that of the best commercialized IrO2 (6.33 × 10−4 A mgIr−1), under the condition of 1.5 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Operando Raman and X‐ray absorption fine‐structure (XAFS) measurements reveal that there are more surface‐active species of Ni3+, which adsorb and activate water molecules to form Ni3+–*OH at low voltage, the intermediate of Ni4+–•O is then formed at a relatively high bias voltage, and then the •O is transferred to the SA Ir4+ sites to generate Ir4+–O–O with OH at increased voltage. This work can help design more SA‐based highly active OER materials.
Subjective cognitive decline higher among sexual and gender minorities in the United States, 2015–2018
Authors: Flatt Jason D. , Cicero Ethan C. , Lambrou Nickolas H. , Wharton Whitney , Anderson Joel G. , Bouldin Erin D. , McGuire Lisa C. , Taylor Christopher A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) represents self‐reported problems with memory, a possible early sign of dementia. Little is known about SCD among sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and/or transgender or gender non‐binary.MethodsData were weighted to represent population estimates from 25 states’ 2015–2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to describe SCD in adults ≥45 years by SGM status. Logistic regression tested associations between demographic and health conditions.ResultsSCD prevalence was higher in SGM (15.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI]:13.1–18.2) than in non‐SGM adults (10.5%; 95% CI:10.1–10.9; P < .0001). SGM adults with SCD were also more likely to report functional limitations due to SCD than non‐SGM adults with SCD, 60.8% versus 47.8%, P = .0048. Differences in SCD by SGM status were attenuated after accounting for depression.DiscussionHigher prevalence of SCD in SGM adults highlights the importance of ensuring inclusive screenings, interventions, care services, and resources for SGM adults.
Combining Participatory and Audiovisual Methods with Young Roma “Affected by Mobility”
Authors: Piemontese Stefano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe use of audio-visual methods as a source of data for social inquiry has gained momentum, especially in research with migrant children and young people. For many youth scholars, photos and videos are used both as field notebooks and as working tools that can be employed during interviews or in creating personal diaries to unearth feelings and thoughts that otherwise would remain unexplored. However, producing, viewing and examining visual data together also creates the conditions to develop the collaborative potential that is inherent in the relationship between researchers and young participants. Building on a multi-sited ethnography with a group of Romanian Roma adolescents with different mobility experiences, this chapter offers a theoretically-informed empirical account of the failures, negotiations, and opportunities disclosed by the use of participatory video-making in ethnographic research with underprivileged young people “affected by mobility”.
Conclusions: Participating as Power? The Possibilities and Politics of Participation
Authors: Cantat Céline 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis chapter reflects on the possibilities and challenges of using participatory research methods in the production of critical knowledge about migration – including visual knowledge. It first reflects on dominant regimes of representations and on the consolidation of a visual knowledge-power nexus around migration. Against this background, it discusses whether and under which conditions participatory approaches may enable the production of counter-hegemonic accounts and knowledges, with a particular focus on the way in which participation can challenge the displacement of violence that underpins dominant and exclusionary representations of migration. After thinking through processes of collective knowledge distribution and exploring the possibilities opened up by participatory dissemination practices, the chapter concludes with a call for further theorisation of participation and for the recognition of its relational and contested nature.
The Researcher’s Nightworkshop: A Methodology of Bodily and Cyber-Ethnographic Representations in Migration Studies
Authors: MacQuarie Julius-Cezar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMigrants working the night shift (MWNS) have been invisible to the public eye for far too long. The failure to acknowledge the crucial role played by migrants working in the evening and night-time economy of developed societies is difficult to tackle with classical research tools alone. This chapter offers to novice and seasoned migration scholars a threefold methodological strategy to immerse, inhabit and to bring out of the dark a nocturnal landscape that has been invisible to diurnal people. The researcher’s nightworkshop’s innovative approach provides migration scholars with visual-analytical tools to capture the hidden experiences of MWNS. Theoretically, this chapter considers the broad aspects of representation (reel) and reality (real) of migrants in the public space and in migration scholarship. Night workers, the invisible people of the nocturnal city remain so to scholars, due to the impracticalities of doing nocturnal research (MacQuarie, 2019a). Empirically, therefore, the researcher’s nightworkshop’s strategy offers a solution to the puzzle of ‘invisibility’ of night shift workers. But it also reckons with the fact that to make visible the working lives in the realm of the night is a daunting task for scholars. Readers should interpret the notion of visibilisation with caution, using it as a visual metaphor to expose the factors that alter the night-shift workers’ precarious working conditions. This challenge is addressed here, through efforts that bridge the contingent of night workers, their minds and bodies that share the precarious landscape of nightwork with the researcher – alert and awake via the senses and suffering turned into skills.
Migrants’ Mental Maps: Unpacking Inhabitants’ Practical Knowledges in Lisbon
Authors: Buhr Franz 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA common consequence of sticking to a research topic for a fair amount of time is that it starts colonising your everyday life to a point where you may find yourself asking questions to every new acquaintance as if they were participants in your project. Your friends may become tired of your constant interrogations, but unknown people might simply take you as someone with a peculiar sense of curiosity. I believe this is what recently happened to me when coming back from a conference and decided to call an Uber driver at Lisbon airport. This chapter explores some of the functionalities mental maps offer to migration research. Mental maps (or cognitive maps) have long helped understanding how individuals use and perceive local space. Yet, as a visual method, mental maps may be produced and analysed in distinct ways. This chapter navigates through existing research employing mental maps and argues for an interactive approach to mental map analysis, in which the researcher-participant engagement becomes as fundamental as the actual visualisation produced. Based on fieldwork with migrants in Lisbon, Portugal, the chapter illustrates the methodological potential of mental maps for yielding information about the ways migrants actively mobilise urban resources.
Conclusions: Touching and Being Touched – Experience and Ethical Relations
Authors: Frers Lars 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSometimes, research can hit you in the stomach, making you angry and upset, possibly sick. With a bit of luck, this can be fine, as discontentment can be a force that propels you to become active and engage yourself. Sometimes, research can resonate in your heart, making you aware and empathetic. Not much luck is needed in these cases, as this will hopefully also stimulate you to get new ideas, a better understanding or hopefully even give you a better foothold for whatever you do in practice. Most of the time, research just passes you by, not leaving much of an impression. We do know that words can make a difference, that words can touch you. They evoke many different thoughts and emotions. It is not a single word alone that does this, it is the flow and rhythm of a text, how it takes the reader along, cognitively but also in space and time and in an embodied manner. To achieve different effects, we place words differently, we craft sentences that appeal to different senses and sensibilities, we use terms or jargon, we write complex sentences that juxtapose hosts of different qualities, as Michel Serres does in in The Five Senses (2008). We present a clear definition, we unfold arguments or put something to the point. Most of the word work we do, we do on our keyboards, sitting at a desk, in a train carriage or lying on a sofa. Thus, this word work happens remote from the site where our study took place, it is definitely not the same as the field work that we do, it is not the same as the numbers and algorithms that make up our data. But done well, it can still evoke the sense of what happens or happened “out there” in the field, the phenomena that the numbers point to, be they the numbers of people crossing a border or the feeling of someone who is lost or maybe even hunted (Guttorm, 2016).
On $$\mathsf {G} $$-isoshtukas over function fields
Authors: Hamacher Paul , Kim Wansu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this paper we classify isogeny classes of global$$\mathsf {G} $$G-shtukas over a smooth projective curve$$C/{\mathbb {F}}_q$$C/Fq(or equivalently$$\sigma $$σ-conjugacy classes in$$\mathsf {G} (\mathsf {F} \otimes _{{\mathbb {F}}_q} \overline{{\mathbb {F}}_q})$$G(F⊗FqFq¯)where$$\mathsf {F} $$Fis the field of rational functions ofC) by two invariants$${\bar{\kappa }},{\bar{\nu }}$$κ¯,ν¯extending previous works of Kottwitz. This result can be applied to study points of moduli spaces of$$\mathsf {G} $$G-shtukas and thus is helpful to calculate their cohomology.
Einsamkeit während der ersten Welle der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie – Ergebnisse der NAKO-Gesundheitsstudie
Authors: Berger Klaus , Riedel-Heller Steffi , Pabst Alexander , Rietschel Marcella , Richter Dirk ,   NAKO-Konsortium, Lieb Wolfgang , Hermes Anne , Becher Heiko , Obi Nadia , Günther Kathrin , Ahrens Wolfgang , Castell Stefanie , Kemmling Yvonne , Karch André , Legath Nicole , Schmidt Börge , Emmel Carina , Kuß Oliver , Schikowski Tamara , Koch-Gallenkamp Lena , Holleczek Bernd , Damms-Machado Antje , Halina Greiser Karin , Michels Karin B. , Franzke Claus-Werner , Peters Annette , Thierry Sigrid , Fischer Beate , Leitzmann Michael , Löffler Markus , Wirkner Kerstin , Mikolajczyk Rafael , Rujescu Dan , Gastell Sylvia , Schulze Matthias B. , Krist Lilian , Fricke Julia , Jaeschke Lina , Pischon Tobias , Meinke-Franze Claudia , Völzke Henry 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Mit Beginn der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie und der nachfolgenden Maßnahmen zu ihrer Eindämmung im Frühjahr 2020 ist rasch die Frage nach Auswirkungen der Beschränkung sozialer Kontakte auf die psychische Gesundheit der Bevölkerung aufgekommen. Einsamkeit beschreibt eine wahrgenommene Qualität der eigenen Kontakte und Beziehungen zu anderen Menschen. Zahlreiche Studien haben einen Zusammenhang von Einsamkeit mit somatischen und psychischen Erkrankungen aufgezeigt.

Ziel
Auswertung der Häufigkeit von Einsamkeit und ihrer Beziehung zu Angst- und Depressionssymptomen in der ersten Welle der Pandemie im Mai 2020.

Methoden
Zwischen 2014 und 2019 hat die NAKO-Gesundheitsstudie 205.000 Personen im Alter zwischen 20 und 69 Jahren in 18 Studienzentren in Deutschland rekrutiert und untersucht. Die nachfolgende Zweituntersuchung musste aufgrund der Pandemie im Frühjahr 2020 unterbrochen werden. In dieser Zeit wurde ein COVID-19-bezogener Fragebogen entwickelt und an alle Teilnehmenden verschickt. Ausgewertet wurden die 113.928 Fragebögen, die innerhalb der ersten 30 Tage zurückgeschickt wurden. Einsamkeit wurde mit der 3‑Item UCLA Loneliness Scale, Angst und Depression mit den PHQ-9- und GAD-7-Skalen des Patient Health Questionnaire erhoben.

Ergebnisse
Im Mai 2020 nahmen sich 31,7 % der NAKO-Teilnehmenden als einsam wahr. Frauen und junge Menschen waren häufiger als Männer und ältere Personen betroffen. Mit steigender Wahrnehmung von Einsamkeit nahm der Schweregrad von Depressions- und Angstsymptomen stetig zu. Einsame Personen während der Pandemie hatten bereits zur NAKO-Basisuntersuchung mehr depressive und Angstsymptome angegeben als NAKO-Teilnehmende, die sich in der Pandemie nicht einsam fühlten.

Schlussfolgerung
In der NAKO-Gesundheitsstudie zeigte sich während der ersten Phase der Pandemie eine Zunahme von Einsamkeit und ihr deutlicher Zusammenhang mit schlechterer, psychischer Gesundheit.
Klinische Notfallausbildung in der Pädiatrie
Authors: Markel Franziska , Lück Bettina , Dähnert Ingo , Kiess Wieland , Ackermann Benjamin 
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund und Fragestellung
Die klinische Notfallausbildung von WeiterbildungsassistentInnen (WBA) ist uneinheitlich. Pädiatrische Reanimationen sind seltener erforderlich als Reanimationen erwachsener Patienten; erstversorgende Teams treffen ad hoc zusammen und stehen initial oft unter der Leitung junger ÄrztInnen. Die Teamzusammenarbeit ist von besonderer Bedeutung für das Überleben und Outcome der PatientInnen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Die subjektive Sicherheit im Notfallmanagement der WBA in sächsischen Kinderkliniken sollte ermittelt werden.

Material und Methoden
Hierzu wurde ein Erhebungsbogen für eine webbasierte Umfrage entwickelt, die folgende Aspekte umfasste: Berufserfahrung, innerhäusliche Ausbildung, Erfahrung und gefühlte Sicherheit im Management von Notfallsituationen.

Ergebnisse
Von geschätzten 230 Pädiatrie-WBA in Sachsen antworteten 66 (ca. 29 %). Es fühlten sich 14 % der WBA gut (3 % sehr gut) für Notfallsituationen ausgebildet, wobei 11 % auch eine (sehr) gute Sicherheit in der Teamleitung von Notfällen angaben. Demgegenüber hatten 42 % bereits eine oder mehrere Reanimationen als TeamleiterInnen erlebt. Von den befragten WBA gaben 42 % an, in den letzten 12 Monaten kein Simulationstraining absolviert zu haben; die Mehrzahl der WBA wünscht sich jedoch mehr Training.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sich viele WBA in sächsischen Kinderkliniken im Notfallmanagement unzureichend ausgebildet fühlen. Es besteht eine deutliche Diskrepanz zwischen den tatsächlichen Anforderungen und der innerklinischen Ausbildung.