bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The securitized workplace: document protection, insider threats and emerging ethnographic barriers in a South Korean organization
Authors: Prentice Michael M. 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how document protection has become a key object of concern for organizations, how the threat of leaks has led to an increase in security technologies and policies and how these developments present new and emergent ethnographic challenges for researchers. Through a study of a South Korean organization, the paper aims to demonstrate the ways workplace documents are figured into wider legal, regulatory and cyber security concerns.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on 12 months of intensive embedded fieldwork in a South Korean firm from 2014 to 2015 and follow-up interviews in 2018. The author followed an immersive and inductive approach to collecting ethnographic data in situ. The author was hired as an intern in a Korean conglomerate known as the Sangdo Group where he worked alongside Human Resources managers to understand their work practices. The present article reflects difficulties in his original research design and an attempt to analyze the barriers themselves. His analysis combines ideas from theories of securitization and document studies to understand how the idea of protection is reshaping workplaces in South Korea and elsewhere.FindingsThe paper highlights three findings first that South Korean workplaces have robust socio-material infrastructures around document protection and security, reflecting that security around document leaks is becoming integrated into normal organizational life. Second, the securitization of document leaks is shifting from treating document leaks as a threat to organizational existence, to a crime by individual actors that organizations track. Third, that even potential document leaks can have transitive effects on teams and managers.Originality/valueOrganizational security practices and their integration into workplace life have rarely been examined together. This paper connects Weber's insights on bureaucratization with the concept of securitization to examine the rise of document security practices and policies in a South Korean organization. The evidence from South Korea is valuable because technological developments around security coupled with organizational complexities portend issues for other organizational environments around the world.
Implementation of large-scale health information systems
Authors: Luz Ricardo , Mussi Clarissa Carneiro , Dutra Ademar , Chaves Leonardo Correa 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThe study aims to analyze the previous literature on government initiatives to implement health information systems (HISs).Design/methodology/approachProknow-C (Knowledge Development Process-Constructivist) was used in the selection of the literature and in the bibliometric and systematic analysis.FindingsThe research identified a portfolio composed of 33 articles aligned with the research theme and with scientific recognition, as well as periodicals, authors, papers and keywords that stood out the most. Amongst the government initiatives in the 24 identified countries, England has been the most studied nation, and there is a certain prominence of research arising from developed countries. Electronic health records (EHRs) have been the most explored technology. Efficiency and safety of health care delivery, integration of information and among health organizations, cost reduction and economicity are the most expected benefits from government programs. The difficulties found are related to the broader context in which the system is inserted, to the management of the program, to technology itself and to individuals. The most emphasized difficulties identified in most countries were previous context marked by a lack of standardization/interoperability, acceptance of providers and users and project financing. The findings of the present article provide a theoretical framework for future studies, in addition to yielding a replicable process for future use.Originality/valueThis research may be considered original as it analyzes – through a constructivism-structured process (Proknow-C) – the phenomenon under investigation by gathering bibliometric and systematic review data concomitantly. The countries and technologies reported emerge from the process itself.
Injury‐associated levator ani muscle and anal sphincter ooedema following vaginal birth: a secondary analysis of the EMRLD study
Authors: Pipitone F , Miller JM , DeLancey JOL 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo determine whether all three components of the levator ani muscle (pubovisceral [= pubococcygeal], puborectal and iliococcygeal) and the external anal sphincter are equally affected by oedema associated with muscle injury after vaginal birth.DesignObservational cross‐sectional study.SettingMichigan Medicine, University of Michigan.PopulationPrimiparous women classified as high risk for levator ani muscle injury during childbirth.MethodMRI scans obtained 6–8 weeks postpartum were analysed. Muscle oedema was assessed on axial and coronal fluid‐sensitive magnetic resonance (MRI) scans. Presence of oedema was separately determined in each levator ani muscle component and in the external anal sphincter for all subjects. Descriptive statistics and correlation with obstetric variables were obtained.Main outcome measuresOedema score on fluid‐sensitive MRI scans.ResultsOf the 78 women included in this cohort, 51.3% (n = 40/78) showed muscle oedema in the pubovisceral (one bilateral avulsion excluded), 5.1% (n = 4/78) in the puborectal and 5.1% (n = 4/78) in the iliococcygeal muscle. No subject showed definite oedema on external anal sphincter. Incidence of oedema on the pubovisceral muscle was seven times higher than on any of the other analysed muscles (all paired comparisons, P < 0.001).ConclusionsEven in the absence of muscle tearing, the pubovisceral muscle shows by far the highest incidence of injury, establishing that levator components are not equally affected by childbirth. External anal sphincter did not show oedema—even in women with sphincter laceration— suggesting a different injury mechanism. Developing a databased map of injured areas helps understand injury mechanisms that can guide us in honing research on treatment and prevention.Tweetable abstractInjury‐associated levator ani muscle and anal sphincter oedema mapping on MRI reveals vulnerable muscle components after childbirth.
Demographic stability of the Australian temperate exoneurine bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) through the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Shokri Bousjein Nahid , Gardner Michael G , Schwarz Michael P 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe period of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) is characterised by severe cooling and extreme aridity in Australia. Australian temperate‐adapted bees experienced entirely new conditions over the LGM; however, few studies focused on the response of these key pollinators and their dependent plants to the LGM in Australia. In this study, we investigated the impact of the LGM climatic conditions on the population histories of the Australian temperate exoneurine bees regarded as critical native pollinators in the continent. To address this issue, we first identified the bee species using a combination of morphological and molecular approaches including phylogenetic and species delimitation methods. The analyses revealed three exoneurine genera, including Brevineura, Exoneura and Inquilina. Our estimated divergence time between Exoneura and Inquilina was close to that of previous phylogenetic studies of the exoneurine bees, which used different dating methods. The haplotype network analyses indicated the geographical structuring of the haplotypes within Exonuera and Inquilina species. We then utilised Bayesian skyline analyses to reconstruct demographic histories of the genus Exoneura for which sufficient haplotype diversity was found. The results showed that the population size of Exoneura species remained unchanged over the LGM or even increased shortly before it. The wide geographical distribution of the exoneurine species in Australia and earlier development of genetic and physiological adaptations are discussed as possibilities that enabled the species to maintain their population sizes over the LGM.
The impact of frailty on clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery: a systematic literature review
Authors: Michaud Maturana Mailis , English William James , Nandakumar Madura , Li Chen John , Dvorkin Lee 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe majority of colorectal cancer is diagnosed in people aged >65 years, yet the elderly are less likely to undergo curative surgery. Chronological age is poorly correlated with post‐operative outcomes and is not an acceptable measure of risk. Conversely, frailty is a strong predictor of poor post‐operative outcomes and presents an opportunity for optimisation. This systematic review aims to assess the evidence between frailty and outcomes in patients of all ages undergoing colorectal cancer resections and to compare the predictive value of frailty status to that of age alone.MethodsThe review was registered on Prospero, CRD42019150542. PubMed was searched for articles reporting outcomes for frail patients undergoing elective or emergency colorectal cancer resection up until August 2019. All studies reporting outcomes in frail patients were deemed eligible for inclusion and assessed according to the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsOf the 143 identified studies, 17 were eligible for inclusion. Study type, frailty assessments and outcomes measured were highly variable. ‘Frailty’ was associated with significantly higher rates of post‐operative complications (7/7 studies), post‐operative mortality (5/7 studies), readmission (3/4 studies) and length of stay (3/3 studies). Seven of 11 studies reported no association between age and adverse outcomes.ConclusionFrailty is a predictor of poor clinical outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Standardisation of frailty assessment and outcome measure is needed. Accurate risk stratification of patients will allow us to make informed treatment decisions, identify patients who may benefit from preoperative intervention and tailor post‐operative care.
On the use of electronegativity and electron affinity based pseudo‐molecular field descriptors in developing correlations for quantitative structure‐activity relationship modeling of drug activities
Authors: Kunde Pushkar D. , Ramkumar Sudha , Kamble Sanjay P. , Ravikumar Ameeta , Kulkarni Bhaskar D. , Kumar V. Ravi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) modeling in ligand‐based drug discovery programs, pseudo‐molecular field (PMF) descriptors using intrinsic atomic properties, namely, electronegativity and electron affinity are studied. In combination with partial least squares analysis and Procrustes transformation, these PMF descriptors were employed successfully to develop correlations that predict the activities of target protein inhibitors involved in various diseases (cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, HIV, and malaria). The results show that the present QSAR approach is competitive to existing QSAR models. In order to demonstrate the use of this algorithm, we present results of screening naturally occurring molecules with unknown bioactivities. The pIC50 predictions can screen molecules that have desirable activity before assessment by docking studies.
Associations between optic disc characteristics and macular choroidal microvasculature in young patients with high myopia
Authors: Liu Xinting , Zhang Fen , Wang Yanli , Xie Zhu , Wu Wenfeng , Wang Qian , Zheng Miaoran , Lu Fan , Mao Xinjie 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to examine changes to optic disc characteristics and macular choroidal microvasculature, and their relationships in young patients with high myopia (HM).MethodsA total of 90 patients were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Based on their refractive power, the patients were divided into three groups: 27 in the control group, 34 in the HM group and 29 in the extremely high myopia group. Images of each patient's macula and optic disc were taken by ocular coherence tomography angiography. The macular choroidal and retinal thickness, capillary vessel density and capillary flow area were measured using Matlab software. Parapapillary atrophy (PPA) and the ovality index (OI) obtained from the scanning laser ophthalmoscopy images and the degree of optic disc tilt obtained from the optic nerve head ocular coherence tomography B‐scans were analysed by Image J and Matlab software.ResultsThe PPA area, OI and degree of optic disc tilt were significantly different among the three groups (all p ≤ 0.001). The macular choroidal thickness and microvasculature were significantly different among the three groups (all p < 0.05). Macular choroidal thickness was significantly correlated with PPA area and the degree of optic disc tilt (r = −0.331, p = 0.003; r = −0.394, p = 0.001, respectively). Macular choroidal capillary vessel density and choriocapillaris flow area were associated with PPA area (r = −0.251, p = 0.047; r = −0.326, p = 0.009, respectively).ConclusionsPPA area, OI and the degree of optic disc tilt were increased in patients with HM, and these changes were correlated with macular choroidal thickness and choroidal microvasculature.
MTHFR C677T and A1298C variants in Mexican Mestizo infants with neural tube defects from Western Mexico
Authors: Aranda‐Sánchez Cristian Irela , Bobadilla‐Morales Lucina , Corona‐Rivera Alfredo , Cuero‐Quezada Idalid , Santana‐Hernández Jennifer , Baldomero‐López Alejandra , Romero‐Bolaño Yaneris M. , Peña‐Padilla Christian , Corona‐Rivera Jorge Román 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOur study investigated the role of MTHFR C677T and A1298C variants in infants with neural tube defects (NTDs) from western Mexico. Using TaqMan allelic discrimination assay, we genotyped 101 live‐born patients with NTDs (cases) and 247 controls. Our findings do not support that homozygosity or heterozygosity for the variants C677T and A1298C in the MTHFR gene are associated with NTDs in infants. However, since we have the highest worldwide frequency of homozygotes for the MTHFR C677T variant, we cannot rule out that our propensity for NTDs may be related to how such gene variant interacts with other factors, mainly with our secular patterns of inappropriate folate intake.
A retrospective analysis of growth hormone therapy in children with Schaaf–Yang syndrome
Authors: Hebach Nils R. , Caro Pilar , Martin‐Giacalone Bailey A. , Lupo Philip J. , Marbach Felix , Choukair Daniela , Schaaf Christian Patrick 
Published: May 2021

AbstractShort stature is a common phenotype in children with Schaaf–Yang syndrome (SYS). Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) and SYS share several phenotypic features including short stature, muscular hypotonia and developmental delay/intellectual disability. Evidence exists that similar to PWS, growth hormone (GH) deficiency may also be a feature of SYS. Recombinant human GH (rhGH) therapy has been approved for PWS, but the effects of rhGH therapy in individuals with SYS have not yet been documented. This retrospective, questionnaire‐based study analyzes the prevalence of rhGH therapy in children with SYS, the effects of rhGH therapy on anthropometric measures, and parental perception of the treatment. Twenty‐six individuals with SYS were sent a clinical questionnaire and a request for growth charts. We found a significant increase in height z‐score (p* = 0.04) as well as a significant decrease in body mass index 6 months after rhGH therapy initiation (p* = 0.04). Furthermore, height z‐scores of the treated group (mean z‐score = −1.00) were significantly higher than those of the untreated group (mean z‐score = −3.36, p = 0.01) at time of enrollment. All parents reported an increase in muscle strength and endurance, and several families noted beneficial effects such as improved cognition and motor development.
Investigation into the removal of pigment, sulphur and vat colourants from cotton textiles and implications for waste cellulosic recycling
Authors: Bigambo Pendo , Carr Chris M. , Sumner Mark , Rigout Muriel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCotton can be coloured by dyeing and printing using either dye or pigment colourants. Pigments are insoluble in water but can be dispersed in a polymer print binder and heat‐fixed to the fabric. Vat and sulphur dyes similarly have low solubility in water but through alkali/reduction can be solubilised and exhausted onto the cotton fibre. Following their reoxidation, the dyes are insolubilised in the fibre and, like pigment prints, in general exhibit good wash fastness. In this study, sequential acid/alkali/peroxide or acid/dithionite/peroxide treatments were investigated as a means of removing pigment/polymer prints and common sulphur and vat dyes from coloured cotton fabric. Using the sequential acid/dithionite/peroxide treatment, up to 97% of both sulphur and vat colourants could be “stripped” from dyed cotton producing a white cellulosic feedstock material that could be used for “new” fibre regeneration. By contrast, the “stripping” of the pigment/polymer binder colourant system was less predictable and less complete and is probably a reflection of the different chemical natures of the polymer binder and pigments. This contrasting behaviour highlights the range of chemistries applied to cotton and that developing a universal single treatment to strip out all finishes may be problematic.
Treatment of critically ill patients with acute hypercarbic respiratory failure by average volume‐assured pressure support mode
Authors: Akbaş Türkay , Altun Gülşah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesAverage volume‐assured pressure support (AVAPS), a dual mode, delivers a set tidal volume (TV) per kg by adjusting the pressure between upper and lower inspiratory positive airway pressures (IPAP). Thus, ventilation is presumed to be happened effectively by sending a guaranteed TV. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of AVAPS mode in critically ill patients with acute hypercarbic respiratory failure (HRF) and compare the results with bilevel positive airway pressure‐spontaneous/timed (BPAP‐S/T) mode.MethodsSixty patients were assigned to BPAP‐S/T (n = 29) and AVAPS modes (n = 31). Maximum IPAP was started at 20 cmH2O and minimum IPAP was set at 5 cmH2O higher than expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) in AVAPS mode. IPAP was started at 15 cmH2O in BPAP‐S/T mode. IPAP levels were titrated up to 30 cmH2O during noninvasive mechanic ventilation (NIMV) with a targeted TV of 6–8 mL/kg. Patients were followed for 5 days.ResultsNo differences were found in pH, paCO2, HCO3, TV and EPAP between the two groups when compared separately by days. Maximum IPAP levels were significantly high in AVAPS mode in all times (P < 0.001). The length of stay (LOS) in intensive care unit (ICU) (P = 0.994) and hospital (P = 0.509), hours of NIMV use per day (P = 0.101) and NIMV success rate (P = 0.931) were identical between the two groups. ICU (P = 0.931), hospital (P = 0.800), 6‐month (P = 0.919) and 1‐year (P = 0.645) mortality rates were also not different between the both groups.ConclusionsAVAPS mode had similar efficiency with BPAP‐S/T mode regarding the NIMV treatment success in critically ill patients with acute HRF.
Effect of hook type and hook setting method on deep‐hooking rates when bait fishing for trout in lentic waters
Authors: Chiaramonte Luciano V. , Meyer Kevin A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFishing with circle hooks along with prescribed hook‐setting methods can reduce deep‐hooking rates in some fisheries, but baited circle hooks have not been evaluated in stillwater trout fisheries. Deep‐hooking rates and catch probabilities were compared for cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii​ (Richardson), rainbow trout Oncorhyncus mykiss (Walbaum), cutthroat × rainbow trout hybrids, and brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (MItchill) caught using three types of baited hooks (circle, intermediate circle and traditional J) and two hook‐setting methods (active and passive) in several lakes containing naturally reared trout. Hook type had a negligible effect on deep‐hooking rates, which averaged 20%. Actively setting the hook and fishing with a bobber both reduced deep‐hooking rates, regardless of hook type. Larger fish were deeply hooked more frequently regardless of hook type. Catch probabilities were higher when active rather than passive hook‐setting was used, particularly in combination with intermediate circle hooks. The present results, which indicate that circle hook use did not reduce deep hooking in lentic settings, contrast earlier studies done in lotic waters. Therefore, before proposing hook‐type regulations intended to reduce deep hooking, fisheries managers should consider waterbody type in addition to fishing methods, fish size and species.
Extraoral approach to a bilateral unfavourable mandibular fracture under local anaesthesia: A case report
Authors: Sindel Alper , Özalp Öznur , Bilgin Busehan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo present a feasible treatment method for fractures of severely atrophic mandibles in high‐risk patients undergoing general anaesthesia (GA).Case reportA 77‐year‐old man presented with bilateral unfavourable fractures in an atrophic mandible. Pre‐anaesthetic consultation revealed that the patient was at high risk for GA due to significant medical comorbid conditions of the patient, such as advanced age, chronic obstructive respiratory disease, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Thus, a modified treatment, consisting of open reduction and internal fixation using a combination of reconstruction plates and miniplates via an extraoral approach, was planned under local anaesthesia. The patient tolerated the surgical procedure well, without the need for sedation, and uneventful healing was achieved during postoperative period.ConclusionLocal anaesthesia may be considered as the anaesthetic technique of choice when managing atrophic mandible fractures to reduce the risk of complications and shorten the time needed for recovery, especially in elders with significant medical comorbidities.
Effect of domestic cooking methods on total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and sensory characteristics of Hericium erinaceus
Authors: Chang Kian Aun , Kow Han Ni , Tan Tzia‐E , Tan Kiat Liang , Chew Lye Yee , Neo Yun Ping , Sabaratnam Vikineswary 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis study evaluated the effect of different cooking methods (microwaving, boiling, steaming and stir‐frying) on the phenolic acids and antioxidant activity in Hericium erinaceus (HE). The total phenolic content (TPC) of HE decreased after cooking and was in the order of dried (control) > stir‐fried > microwaved > steamed > boiled. An increase in antioxidant activity was found in all cooked HE, albeit statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Gallic acid was reported to be the dominant phenolic acid found in HE extracts in the range of 3.03–49.41 μg g−1 dry weight. Low negative correlations were observed between 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and TPC as well as DPPH and gallic acid profile. Sensory data revealed that stir‐fried HE received the most favourable response in colour, texture, aroma and flavour attributes. Overall, this study suggested that the method of stir‐frying could be used to prepare HE for better retention of gallic acid and antioxidant activity with acceptable sensory characteristics.