bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malicious Node Identification in Coded Distributed Storage Systems under Pollution Attacks
Authors: Gaeta Rossano , Grangetto Marco 
Published: December 2021

In coding-based distributed storage systems (DSSs), a set of storage nodes (SNs) hold coded fragments of a data unit that collectively allow one to recover the original information. It is well known that data modification (a.k.a. pollution attack) is the Achilles’ heel of such coding systems; indeed, intentional modification of a single coded fragment has the potential to prevent the reconstruction of the original information because of error propagation induced by the decoding algorithm. The challenge we take in this work is to devise an algorithm to identify polluted coded fragments within the set encoding a data unit and to characterize its performance.
To this end, we provide the following contributions: (i) We devise MIND (Malicious node IdeNtification in DSS), an algorithm that is general with respect to the encoding mechanism chosen for the DSS, it is able to cope with a heterogeneous allocation of coded fragments to SNs, and it is effective in successfully identifying polluted coded fragments in a low-redundancy scenario; (ii) We formally prove both MIND termination and correctness; (iii) We derive an accurate analytical characterization of MIND performance (hit probability and complexity); (iv) We develop a C++ prototype that implements MIND to validate the performance predictions of the analytical model.
Finally, to show applicability of our work, we define performance and robustness metrics for an allocation of coded fragments to SNs and we apply the results of the analytical characterization of MIND performance to select coded fragments allocations yielding robustness to collusion as well as the highest probability to identify actual attackers.
Minimum Variance Algorithm-Based Correlation Analysis between Body Mass Index and the Malignant Degree of Prostate Cancer Mediated under Ultrasound Images
Authors: Wei Yong , Zhu Hongru , Chen Peng , Zuo Wenren , Qian Wenhui , Zhu Qingyi 
Published: December 2021

This study was to explore the correlation between the malignant degree of prostate cancer (PCa) and body mass index (BMI) mediated by ultrasound images under multioperator algorithm (MOA) based on minimum variance (MV) algorithm. MOA was established by optimizing the smoothing technique and diagonal loading algorithms of MV, and its quality and processing speed of ultrasound images were compared with other algorithms. Ninety two patients were selected as the subjects investigated, who had transrectal prostate biopsy mediated by ultrasound to be diagnosed as PCa in the hospital. Based on Gleason score and prostate specific antigen (PSA) value, all patients were divided into a high-risk PCa group (a high-risk group) and a non-high-risk PCa group (a non-high-risk group). The proportion of obese patients in the two groups was compared. The logistic regression analysis method was applied to analyze related factors of PCa development, and Pearson correlation was for analyzing the correlation between Gleason score and BMI of patients. The results showed that the number of patients in the high-risk group was greater than that of the non-high-risk group (

P

< 0.05), while the proportion of nonobese patients in the non-high-risk group was markedly higher than that of the higher-risk group (

P

< 0.01). Both PSA and BMI were obviously correlated with the development of high-risk PCa (

P

< 0.05), and there was an extreme positive correlation between BMI and Gleason score (r = 0.661 and

P

= 0.007). It indicated that MOA was established based on conventional MV, which could increase the ultrasonic image quality and calculation speed. Besides, BMI was a risk factor of high-risk PCa and was positively correlated with malignant degree of PCa, which provided a referable evidence for clinical evaluation of malignant degree of PCa.
Діагностичні критерії гострого деструктивного панкреатиту
Authors: Лихман В. М. , Меркулов А. О. , Шевченко О. М. , Ткач С. В. , Мирошниченко Д. О. , Білодід Є. О. , Бацман Н. В. , Яцько К. М. 
Published: December 2021

Мета роботи: дослідження білків гострої фази у крові хворих на гострий панкреатит різного ступеня тяжкості.
Матеріали і методи. В основу дослідження покладено результати обстеження 88 хворих із гострим панкреатитом різного ступеня тяжкості, які перебували на лікуванні в клініці Інституту загальної та невідкладної хірургії імені В. Т. Зайцева НАМНУ, м. Харків, а також 45 донорів (контрольна група).
Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. Проводили визначення активності сироваткових ензимів у динаміці гострого деструктивного панкреатиту. Верифікацію показників проводили перед операцією й після операційного лікування в динаміці, а також перед повторною операцією і після неї у динаміці. Маркери тканинної деструкції можуть одночасно слугувати індикаторами тяжкості запального процесу в підшлунковій залозі й визначати якість проведеного операційного втручання.
У порядку обговорення та порівняння з роботами інших авторів можна встановити доведену діагностичну цінність феритину та лактоферину як маркерів гострого деструктивного процесу підшлункової залози на підставі достовірного підвищення їх рівня в сироватці крові й ексудатах хворих.
Виявлені зміни концентрації клініко-лабораторних показників альфа-2-макроглобуліну, лактоферину, С-реактивного білка, феритину в сироватці крові корелюють зі ступенем запальних процесів і гнійно-деструктивних змін у підшлунковій залозі.
САМОСТІЙНА РОБОТА ІНТЕРНІВ ЯК ОДИН ІЗ НАПРЯМІВ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ФАХІВЦІВ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ
Authors: Фіра Л. С. , Чубка М. Б. , Вронська Л. В. , Підгірний В. В. 
Published: December 2021

В умовах докорінних змін, що відбуваються нині у нашому суспільстві й системі вищої освіти, різко зростає роль і значення самостійної роботи інтернів у закладі вищої освіти, яка поступово перетворюється на провідну форму організації навчального процесу.
У статті висвітлено роль самостійної роботи при підготовці фахівців фармацевтичної галузі на післядипломному етапі. У навчально-виховному процесі вищої школи самостійну роботу інтернів прийнято вважати завершальним етапом розв’язання навчально-пізнавальних завдань. На сучасному етапі розвитку вищої освіти окремої уваги заслуговує проблема використання інтернет-технологій у самостійній роботі інтернів.
Завдання кафедри – сформувати вміння інтерна самостійно виконувати завдання з дисциплін з циклу професійної підготовки за певних умов та самостійно керувати своєю діяльністю з реалізації планів кафедри.
КЛІНІКО-ЛАБОРАТОРНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА КОМОРБІДНОГО ПЕРЕБІГУ ЦУКРОВОГО ДІАБЕТУ 2 ТИПУ З НАДМІРНОЮ МАСОЮ ТІЛА/ОЖИРІННЯМ ТА АРТЕРІАЛЬНОЮ ГІПЕРТЕНЗІЄЮ
Authors: Вівсяна І. В. , Марущак М. І. 
Published: December 2021

Вступ. Артеріальна гіпертензія (АГ) є основною причиною захворюваності та смертності серед пацієнтів із цукровим діабетом 2 типу (ЦД2), що пов’язано із серцево-судинними захворюваннями.
Мета дослідження – проаналізувати основні клініко-лабораторні фактори коморбідного перебігу цукрового діабету 2 типу з надмірною масою тіла/ожирінням та артеріальною гіпертензією.
Методи дослідження. Ретроспективний аналіз медичної документації проведено в 579 хворих на цукровий діабет 2 типу (T2DM). Концентрацію глюкози та інших біохімічних показників визначали з використанням стандартного набору на автоматичному біохімічному аналізаторі “COBAS INTEGRA® 400” (“Roche Diagnostics”). Показники загального аналізу крові визначали на автоматичному гематологічному аналізаторі “Yumizen H500 CT”.
Результати й обговорення. При проведенні аналізу рангових варіацій Краскела – Уолліса не виявлено цінності показників загального аналізу крові та загального аналізу сечі в діагностиці коморбідного перебігу ЦД2, надмірної маси тіла/ожиріння та АГ. Під час аналізу біохімічних параметрів встановлено найвищі рівні сечовини і сечової кислоти у хворих на ЦД2, ожиріння та АГ. Аналіз показників вуглеводного обміну показав, що рівні глюкози, інсуліну та індекс HOMA у крові пацієнтів різних дослідних груп вірогідно різнилися при проведенні аналізу рангових варіацій Краскела – Уолліса.
Висновки. Під час аналізу статевого диморфізму встановлено переважання осіб жіночої статі з коморбідним перебігом цукрового діабету 2 типу з надмірною масю тіла/ожирінням та артеріальною гіпертензією. При цьому серед хворих на цукровий діабет 2 типу з коморбідною артеріальною гіпертензією виявлено вірогідно вищий відсоток хворих чоловіків з нормальною масою тіла. При аналізі антропомет­ричних показників пацієнтів різних груп встановлено, що у пацієнтів 6-ї групи зріст був вірогідно меншим стосовно даних у хворих на цукровий діабет 2 типу з нормальною масою тіла та при поєднанні з артеріальною гіпертензією. Індекс маси тіла був достовірно вищим у пацієнтів з надмірною масою тіла/ожирінням. У хворих з коморбідним перебігом цукрового діабету 2 типу з надмірною масою тіла/ожирінням та артеріальною гіпертензією встановлено вірогідно вищі рівні сечовини (на 24,4 %) та сечової кислоти (на 93,0 %) щодо даних у пацієнтів із ЦД2 та нормальною масою тіла.
Atomic Level Dissection of the Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 (PECAM-1) Homophilic Binding Interface: Implications for Endothelial Cell Barrier Function
Authors: Liao Danying , Sundlov Jesse , Zhu Jieqing , Mei Heng , Hu Yu , Newman Debra K. , Newman Peter J. 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
PECAM-1 (platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1) is a 130 kDa member of the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene superfamily that is expressed on the surfaces of platelets and leukocytes and concentrated at the intercellular junctions of confluent endothelial cell monolayers. PECAM-1 Ig domains 1 and 2 (IgD1 and IgD2) engage in homophilic interactions that support a host of vascular functions, including support of leukocyte transendothelial migration and the maintenance of endothelial junctional integrity. The recently solved crystal structure of PECAM-1 IgD1 and IgD2 revealed a number of intermolecular interfaces predicted to play important roles in stabilizing PECAM-1/PECAM-1 homophilic interactions and in formation and maintenance of endothelial cell-cell contacts. We sought to determine whether the protein interfaces implicated in the crystal structure reflect physiologically important interactions.

Approach and Results:
We assessed the impact of single amino acid substitutions at the interfaces between opposing PECAM-1 molecules on homophilic binding and endothelial cell function. Substitution of key residues within the IgD1-IgD1 and IgD1-IgD2 interfaces but not those within the smaller IgD2-IgD2 interface, markedly disrupted PECAM-1 homophilic binding and its downstream effector functions, including the ability of PECAM-1 to localize at endothelial cell-cell borders, mediate the formation of endothelial tubes, and restore endothelial barrier integrity.

Conclusions:
Taken together, these results validate the recently described PECAM-1 IgD1/IgD2 crystal structure by demonstrating that specific residues visualized within the IgD1-IgD1 and IgD1-IgD2 interfaces of opposing molecules in the crystal are required for functionally important homophilic interactions. This information can now be exploited to modulate functions of PECAM-1 in vivo.
Central African Republic
Authors: Okyere Frank O. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Central African Republic (car) has been a theatre of instability for decades, especially following the 2013 coup, which saw crimes that have been found to be premeditated and systematic. This article identifies states collapse, persistent instability and impunity as key factors engendering atrocity crimes in car. Despite the overwhelming evidence of the risk of atrocity crimes, the international response has been inadequate if not passive, and interventions do not consider atrocity prevention in their execution. Thus, subsequent peacebuilding initiatives have not had real and visible impact on the prevention of atrocity crimes. To address this, the establishment of an accountable and functioning state is the overriding condition precedent to preventing and mangaging atrocity crimes in car. The international community should further engage local actors to promote inclusive governance and lay the foundations for stability and sustainable peace. Subsequent restoration of structures for justice and ensuring their effective functioning will help end structural impunity in the country and go a long way in averting future atrocity crimes.
Anti-American Expressions: The 1957 Taipei Incident and Chinese in the Philippines, Thailand, and Hong Kong
Authors: Yeh Chiou-Ling 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Although scholars have investigated the intricacies of anti-Americanism, few have examined the factors that affected the abilities of minorities or colonized people to protest U.S. policies. This article compares and contrasts the responses of Chinese in the Philippines, Thailand, and Hong Kong to the May 24th Incident of 1957, when 25,000 Chinese attacked the U.S. embassy and ransacked the U.S. Information Service Office in Taipei, Taiwan, due to the acquittal of a U.S. soldier for killing a Chinese. While U.S. military and economic aid motivated recipients to rally behind the anti-Communist banner, geopolitics, domestic conditions, and anti-Chinese racism also played pivotal roles in determining whether the Chinese could voice or act upon their anti-American sentiment. The Philippines’ heavy dependence on U.S. military and economic aid, coupled with long-lasting anti-Chinese racism, limited the potential for Philippine Chinese to critique U.S. policies. By contrast, tenuous U.S.-Thai relations and domestic anti-Americanism emboldened Thai Chinese to lambaste U.S. military injustice. Although the largest U.S. aid recipient, Britain adhered to neutrality in its Cold War politics and permitted a vibrant cultural industry in Hong Kong, resulting in strong criticism of U.S. policies among the city’s Chinese.
Axial loading during supine MRI for improved assessment of lumbar spine: comparison with standing MRI
Authors: Charoensuk Jarruwat , Laothamatas Jiraporn , Sungkarat Witaya , Worapruekjaru Ladawan , Hooncharoen Boonthida , Chousangsuntorn Khaisang 
Published: December 2021

Background There are no studies comparing the morphologic changes of lumbar spines between supine axial-loaded and 90° standing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of patients with spinal stenosis. Purpose To determine whether axial-loaded MRI using a compression device demonstrated similar morphology of intervertebral disc, dural sac, and spinal curvature as those detected by 90° standing MRI in individuals with suspected spinal stenosis. Material and Methods A total of 54 individuals suspected of having spinal stenosis underwent both axial-loaded and standing MRI studies. The outcome measures included seven radiologic parameters of the lumbar spine: measures of the intervertebral disc (i.e. cross-sectional area [DA], disc height [DH], and anteroposterior distance [DAP]), dural sac (cross-sectional area [DCSA]), spinal curvature (i.e. lumbar lordosis [LL] and L1-L3-L5 angle [LA]), and total lumbar spine height (LH). Results For agreement between the two methods, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ≥ 0.8 was found for all seven radiologic parameters. Supine axial-loaded MRI underestimated LL but remained correlated (ICC = 0.83) with standing MRI. Minor differences between the two methods (≤5.0%) were observed in DA, DCSA, DAP, LA, and LH, while a major difference was observed in LL (8.1%). Conclusion Using a compression device with the conventional supine MRI to simulate weight-bearing on the lumbar spine generated MRI morphology, which was strongly correlated with those from a standing MRI.
Lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration in omental metastases indicates poor prognosis in advance stage epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhang Tao , Liu Qin , Zhu Yingfan , Huang Yizhou , Qin Jiale , Wu Xiaodong , Zhang Songfa 
Published: December 2021

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of immune cells within omental metastases originating from advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods We performed immunohistochemical analysis to determine the levels of CD4+/CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and CD68+ tumor-associated microphages (TAMs) in omental specimens from 100 patients with advanced EOC. Significant prognostic factors, including immune cells and clinical parameters, were assessed by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox models. Results Cox regression analysis showed that elevated levels of CD68+ TAMs and intra-islet CD4+ TILs in omental metastases were the main risk factors associated with worse survival outcomes for advanced EOC. Moreover, the survival analysis of relationships between omental immune cells and favorable clinical predictors revealed additional prognostic stratification information. Conclusion Omental immune cells (TAMs and TILs) provide alternative prognostic factors in advanced EOC. In contrast to markers of the EOC tumor microenvironment at the primary site, elevated CD68+ TAMs and intra-islet CD4+ TILs in omental metastases serve as negative prognostic markers in advanced EOC and imply an unfavorable outcome.
Minimally invasive management of large duodenal lipoma: endoscopic submucosal dissection
Authors: Yang Bin , Jiang Fei , Lu Pinxiang , Han Huazhong 
Published: December 2021

Objective This study was performed to compare the clinical outcomes of large duodenal lipomas (DLs) of ≥2 cm between endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) and endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFTR). Methods This retrospective study included patients who underwent endoscopic resection of large DLs from June 2017 to March 2021 at our hospital. Clinicopathologic features, clinical outcomes, and follow-up endoscopy findings were retrospectively reviewed. Results Twenty-three patients (12 men) with a mean age of 57.4 years were included. The median tumor size was 28.4 ± 13.3 mm. ESD was performed in 19 patients, and EFTR was performed in 4. Complete resection was achieved in 21 patients. The operative time and postoperative hospital stay were significantly shorter in the ESD than EFTR group. Four patients in the EFTR group developed a fever; no other adverse events occurred. No patients required surgical intervention. During the average follow-up of 21.1 months, no residual tumor, recurrence, or metastasis was observed. Conclusion Both ESD and EFTR provide minimally invasive, localized treatment of selected DLs. ESD might have some advantages in resecting large DLs in terms of procedure time and hospitalization.
Estimating the minimal clinically important difference for the Physical Component Summary of the Short Form 36 for patients with stroke
Authors: Fu Vivian , Weatherall Mark , McNaughton Harry 
Published: December 2021

Objective To determine the Physical Component Summary (PCS) score's minimal clinically important difference (MCID) on the Short Form 36 (SF-36) for people with stroke. Methods We conducted secondary analysis of data from a large randomized controlled trial (N = 400) in the post-hospital discharge phase of stroke rehabilitation with outcome measurement 6 and 12 months following stroke. Three methods were used for estimating the MCID: two anchor and one distribution. Method 1 compared SF-36 PCS scores at 12 months for responses to the SF-36’s Perceived Health Change (PHC) question. Method 2 compared the change in PCS score between 6 and 12 months for responses to the PHC question. Method 3 used Cohen’s method to estimate the MCID from the PCS score distribution. Results Method 1: the mean PCS score increased by 3.0 units (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2–3.9) for each unit change in the PHC question. Method 2: the mean change in PCS score increased by 2.1 units (95% CI 1.4–2.8) for each unit change in the PHC question. Method 3: the MCID was estimated to be 1.8 units. Conclusions Our estimate of the MCID for the PCS in patients with stroke was 1.8 to 3.0 units.
The Association Between Loneliness and Psychiatric Symptomatology in Older Psychiatric Outpatients
Authors: Schutter Natasja , Holwerda Tjalling J , Kuipers Hanna , Van Rien H. L. , Stek Max L. , Comijs Hannie C. , Peen Jaap , Dekker Jack J M. 
Published: December 2021

purpose Loneliness in adults increases with age. Although loneliness has been found to be associated with psychiatric disorders and dementia, no information is available on prevalence of loneliness in older psychiatric patients. The aims of this study were to examine prevalence of loneliness in older psychiatric outpatients, including gender differences and associations with psychiatric disorders and social isolation. Methods Cross-sectional study in an outpatient clinic for geriatric psychiatry between September 2013 and February 2018. Interviews were done in 181 patients. Results 80% of participants were lonely. Loneliness was associated with having contacts in less social network domains, in women but not in men. There were no associations with DSM-IV-TR-classifications. However, loneliness was associated with higher scores on questionnaires for depression and cognitive function. Intensity of treatment did not differ significantly between lonely and non-lonely participants. Conclusion Loneliness is highly prevalent in older psychiatric outpatients, with men and women equally affected. Loneliness should be assessed in all older psychiatric patients, especially when they show high scores on symptom checklists or have a restricted social network.
The contribution of professions to the governance of integrated care: Towards a conceptual framework based on case studies from Denmark
Authors: Burau Viola , Kuhlmann Ellen , Ledderer Loni 
Published: December 2021

Objective Good governance of integrated care is key to better health care, but we know little about how professions can help make this happen. Our aim is to introduce a conceptual framework to analyse how professions contribute to the governance of integrated care, and to apply the framework to a secondary analysis of selected case studies from Denmark. Methods We developed a framework, which identified the what, how and why of the contribution professions make to the governance of integrated care. We included five qualitative Danish studies, using coordination as an indicator of integrated care. We adopted a thematic approach in our analysis, combining deductive and inductive elements. Results Health professions engage in highly diverse activities, which fall into closely connected clusters of more formal or more informal coordination. Professions apply many different adaptive mechanisms at different levels to fit coordination into local contexts. Professions are driven by interlocking rationales, where a common focus on patients connects organizational and professional concerns. Conclusions Our analytical framework emerges as a useful tool for analysis. The contribution of professions to the governance of integrated care needs greater attention in health policy implementation as it can promote more effective governance of integrated care.
Additional forces on continuously welded rails of a long-span high-speed railway suspension bridge under single effect and multiple effects: A case study
Authors: Yu Xiangdong , Cheng Nengyu , Jing Haiquan 
Published: December 2021

This paper investigates the track–bridge interactions of the Wufengshan Yangtze Bridge, the longest high-speed railway suspension bridge in China. A finite element model of the track and bridge is built using the commercial software ANSYS. The longitudinal additional forces of the track under a single effect and combination effects of temperature rising load, bending load, and braking load are calculated. The numerical results show that strong additional forces appear in the continuously welded rail of the Wufengshan Yangtze Bridge. Temperature effect is the dominant factor for the residual internal forces. The maximum tensile stress is 115.5 MPa and the extreme compressive stress reaches 329.9 MPa. Rail expansion joints are needed for this long-span suspension bridge.