bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of the Novel Integrated Clinical Pharmacist Menu Software in Improving Medication Therapy Management
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Tahir , Rehman Toofeeq Ur , Qureshi Sadia , Sajjad Kashif 
Published: June 2021

Background: Medication therapy management (MTM) continues to offer pharmacists the opportunity to use their knowledge, assist patients and caregiver in improving therapeutic outcomes, however the change is slow. Health information technology has been noted as an important driver in the success of MTM and has a potential role in improving therapeutic outcomes and reducing medication errors.
Objective: This research aimed to design an integrated clinical pharmacist menu (CPM) software along with clinical decision support tools, optimizing MTM services and reducing medication errors.
Methods: The integrated CPM software was designed abridged with decision support tools. A comparative study was conducted in a setting of integrated CPM software versus paper-based clinical pharmacy services (P-CPS) for the evaluation of MTM services. Clinical decision support systems (CDSS) and automated significant laboratory and medication alerts were analyzed for the improvement of MTM and impact on the identification and resolution of medication errors.
Results: MTM improved after the application of the CPM software with a difference of 100% in “medication history generation” and “patient care plan,” with a reduction in medication errors by 39.8%. The identification of medication errors and verification of medication order significantly improved from 49% to 82% (p = 0.00) and from 4.5% to 7.0% (p = 0.00), respectively, in the CPM setting. The CDSS tool in the CPM software generated 730, 1802, and 198 auto alerts for “drug–drug interaction,” “inappropriate dose,” and “dose adjustment in an abnormal clinical laboratory test,” respectively, which improved the resolution and identification of medication errors.
Conclusion: The CPM is user-friendly, which improved the MTM services. Medication error identification and resolution were significantly improved by the CPM software.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Red Reflex Test (RRT) for Early Detection of Ocular Abnormalities in Newborn
Authors: Singh Kshitij Aviraj , Taksande Amar 
Published: June 2021

Background: The Red Reflex is described as the red to orange reflection of light from the fundus of the eye, observed while using a retinoscope or an ophthalmoscope. Red Eye Reflex Test is determined by the optical media transparency which includes vitreous humor, aqueous humor, cornea and tear film and reflection of light from the back of the eye (fundus) through optical media and into the aperture of the ophthalmoscope. Factors that will block or impede the passage of light through this transparent media or affects its reflection back from fundus will produce an abnormal Red Eye Reflex. Red Eye Reflex (RER) testing is important & effective tool for early detection of ocular abnormalities such as retinal abnormalities, cataract, retinoblastoma and glaucoma. Red reflex is cost effective, can be performed very easily, requires minimal setting, can screen important ocular abnormalities and facilitate their early detection with prompt intervention to prevent long term sequelae associated with the disease.
Aim: To find out the diagnostic accuracy of Red Reflex test for diagnosing ocular abnormalities in newborns.
Methodology: Ours will be a prospective cross-sectional study where RER examination will be performed within one week of birth of a newborn in a darkened and will correlate the examination findings with respect to ocular findings determined by ophthalmologist to determine its efficacy, sensitivity and specificity in detecting neonatal ocular abnormalities.
Expected results: After completion of the study we will be able to determine the accuracy of RRT for ocular abnormality detection in the neonates. We will be able to determine the sensitivity, specificity, PPV & NPV of the red reflex test. If the specificity and the sensitivity is good then we can use RRT as a routine screening method for detection of intraocular abnormalities.
Conclusion: To find the Red reflex Test efficacy in screening of the ocular abnormalities in the new born.
Comparison of Sarcopenia with Modified Frailty Index as a Predictor of Adverse Outcomes in Critically Ill Elderly Patients
Authors: Bhurchandi Shrirang , Agrawal Sachin , Kumar Sunil , Acharya Sourya 
Published: June 2021

Background: Ageing is a global fact affecting both developed and developing countries.It brings out various catabolic changes in body resulting in frailty(i.e. the person is not able to with stand minor stresses of the environment, due to reduced reserves in psychologicalreserve of several organ system).Thus causing a great burden of disease, dependence & health care cost. Sarcopenia is the leading component for frailty in the elderly population, but very few studies have been done in India for correlating frailty with sarcopenia.
Aim: To compare sarcopenia with modified frailty index (MFI) as a predictor of adverse outcomes in critically ill elderly patients.
Methodology: Cross-sectional study will be performed on all the critically ill geriatric subjects/patients coming to all the ICU's of AVBRH, Sawangi (M), Wardha who will satisfy various inclusion and exclusion criteria for selection and all standard parametric & non-parametric data will be assessed by using standard descriptive & inferential statistics.
Expected Results: In our study, we are anticipating that the Modified frailty index to be a better predictor of adverse outcomes in terms of mortality as compared to sarcopenia in the critically ill elderly patients. Also, we are anticipating that sarcopenia to be the most important contributor of frailty in critically ill elderly patients and the prevalence of frailty will be high in critically ill elderly patients.
Limitation: Due to limited time frame & resources we will not be able to follow up the patients.
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio predicts early growth of traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Zhuang Dongzhou , Sheng Jiangtao , Peng Guoyi , Li Tian , Cai Shirong , Din Faxiu , Li Lianjie , Huang Mindong , Tian Fei , Li Kangsheng , Wang Shousen , Chen Weiqiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been proposed to capture the inflammatory status of patients with various conditions involving the brain. This retrospective study aimed to explore the association between the NLR and the early growth of traumatic intracerebral haemorrhage (tICH) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).MethodsA multicentre, observational cohort study was conducted. Patients with cerebral contusion undergoing baseline computed tomography for haematoma volume analysis within 6 h after primary injury and follow‐up visits within 48 h were included. Routine blood tests were performed upon admission, and early growth of tICH was assessed. Prediction accuracies of the NLR for the early growth of tICH and subsequent surgical intervention in patients were analysed.ResultsThere were a total of 1077 patients who met the criteria included in the study cohort. Univariate analysis results showed that multiple risk factors were associated with the early growth of tICH and included in the following multivariate analysis models. The multivariate logistic regression analysis results revealed that the NLR was highly associated with the early growth of tICH (p < 0.001) while considering other risk factors in the same model. The prediction accuracy of the NLR for the early growth of tICH in patients is 82%.InterpretationThe NLR is easily calculated and might predict the early growth of tICH for patients suffering from TBI.
Sarcoidosis and neuromyelitis optica in a patient with optic neuritis – a case report
Authors: Foster Michael A. , Collorone Sara , Palace Jacqueline , Acheson James , Toosy Ahmed T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a case of atypical recurrent optic neuritis. A man in his 50s presented with right optic neuritis and profound visual loss, associated with elevated inflammatory markers. Lymph‐node biopsy was consistent with sarcoidosis. Aquaporin‐4 antibodies were also present. Three months following corticosteroid treatment, his right optic neuritis relapsed, again with raised inflammatory markers. He was started on azathioprine and prednisolone with good effect. A dual diagnosis of sarcoidosis and neuromyelitis optica with aquaporin‐4 antibodies is very rare. Long‐term immunosuppression is required. The case highlights the importance of identifying the features and cause of atypical optic neuritis.
A General Ammonium Salt Assisted Synthesis Strategy for Cr3+‐Doped Hexafluorides with Highly Efficient Near Infrared Emissions
Authors: He Fanquan , Song Enhai , Zhou Yayun , Ming Hong , Chen Zitao , Wu Jiachang , Shao Peishan , Yang Xianfeng , Xia Zhiguo , Zhang Qinyuan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe discovery of highly efficient broadband near infrared (NIR) emission material is urgent and crucial for constructing NIR lighting sources and emerging applications. Herein, a series of NIR emission hexafluorides A2BMF6:Cr3+ (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs; B = Li, Na, K, Cs; M = Al, Ga, Sc, In) peaking at ≈733–801 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ≈98–115 nm are synthesized by a general ammonium salt assisted synthesis strategy. Benefiting from the pre‐ammoniation of the trivalent metal sources, the Cr3+ can be more efficiently doped into the A2BMF6 and simultaneously prevent the generation of the competitive phase. Particularly, Na3ScF6:Cr3+ (λem = 774 nm, FWHM ≈ 108 nm) with optimal Cr3+‐doping concentration of 35.96% shows a high internal quantum efficiency of 91.5% and an external quantum efficiency of ≈40.82%. A lighting emitting diode (LED) device with a NIR output power of ≈291.05 mW at 100 mA driven current and high photoelectric conversion efficiency of 20.94% is fabricated. The general synthesis strategy opens up new avenues for the exploration of Cr3+‐doped high efficiency phosphors, and the as‐obtained record NIR output power demonstrates for NIR LED lighting sources applications.
Anomalously Strong Second‐Harmonic Generation in GaAs Nanowires via Crystal‐Structure Engineering
Authors: Zhang Bin , Stehr Jan E. , Chen Ping‐Ping , Wang Xingjun , Ishikawa Fumitaro , Chen Weimin M. , Buyanova Irina A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGaAs‐based semiconductors are highly attractive for diverse nonlinear photonic applications, owing to their non‐centrosymmetric crystal structure and huge nonlinear optical coefficients. Nanostructured semiconductors, for example, nanowires (NWs), offer rich possibilities to tailor nonlinear optical properties and further enhance photonic device performance. In this study, it is demonstrated highly efficient second‐harmonic generation in subwavelength wurtzite (WZ) GaAs NWs, reaching 2.5 × 10−5 W−1, which is about seven times higher than their zincblende counterpart. This enhancement is shown to be predominantly caused by an axial built‐in electric field induced by spontaneous polarization in the WZ lattice via electric field‐induced second‐order nonlinear susceptibility and can be controlled optically and potentially electrically. The findings, therefore, provide an effective strategy for enhancing and manipulating the nonlinear optical response in subwavelength NWs by utilizing lattice engineering.
Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems: A Comparison of Composition, Pharmacokinetics, and Functionalization
Authors: van der Koog Luke , Gandek Timea B. , Nagelkerke Anika 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOver the past decades, lipid‐based nanoparticle drug delivery systems (DDS) have caught the attention of researchers worldwide, encouraging the field to rapidly develop improved ways for effective drug delivery. One of the most prominent examples is liposomes, which are spherical shaped artificial vesicles composed of lipid bilayers and able to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials. At the same time, biological nanoparticles naturally secreted by cells, called extracellular vesicles (EVs), have emerged as promising more complex biocompatible DDS. In this review paper, the differences and similarities in the composition of both vesicles are evaluated, and critical mediators that affect their pharmacokinetics are elucidate. Different strategies that have been assessed to tweak the pharmacokinetics of both liposomes and EVs are explored, detailing the effects on circulation time, targeting capacity, and cytoplasmic delivery of therapeutic cargo. Finally, whether a hybrid system, consisting of a combination of only the critical constituents of both vesicles, could offer the best of both worlds is discussed. Through these topics, novel leads for further research are provided and, more importantly, gain insight in what the liposome field and the EV field can learn from each other.
Expanding Biomaterial Surface Topographical Design Space through Natural Surface Reproduction
Authors: Vermeulen Steven , Honig Floris , Vasilevich Aliaksei , Roumans Nadia , Romero Manuel , Dede Eren Aysegul , Tuvshindorj Urnaa , Alexander Morgan , Carlier Aurélie , Williams Paul , Uquillas Jorge , de Boer Jan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSurface topography is a tool to endow biomaterials with bioactive properties. However, the large number of possible designs makes it challenging to find the optimal surface structure to induce a specific cell response. The TopoChip platform is currently the largest collection of topographies with 2176 in silico designed microtopographies. Still, it is exploring only a small part of the design space due to design algorithm limitations and the surface engineering strategy. Inspired by the diversity of natural surfaces, it is assessed as to what extent the topographical design space and consequently the resulting cellular responses can be expanded using natural surfaces. To this end, 26 plant and insect surfaces are replicated in polystyrene and their surface properties are quantified using white light interferometry. Through machine‐learning algorithms, it is demonstrated that natural surfaces extend the design space of the TopoChip, which coincides with distinct morphological and focal adhesion profiles in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) andPseudomonas aeruginosacolonization. Furthermore, differentiation experiments reveal the strong potential of the holy lotus to improve osteogenesis in MSCs. In the future, the design algorithms will be trained with the results obtained by natural surface imprint experiments to explore the bioactive properties of novel surface topographies.
Dynamic carrier transports and low thermal conductivity in n‐type layered InSe thermoelectrics
Authors: Shi Haonan , Wang Dongyang , Xiao Yu , Zhao Li‐Dong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSemiconductor InSe with wide bandgap and layered crystal structure is expected to be a promising thermoelectric material, and its excellent plasticity brings great potential applications in flexible and wearable thermoelectric devices. To advance its thermoelectric performance, this work systematically investigates the carrier and phonon transport properties in n‐type InSe. It is found that InSe compound presents an exceptional dynamic carrier transport property due to the amphoteric indium (In+ and In3+), which contributes to favorable temperature‐dependent increasing carrier concentration. More importantly, with S alloying in InSe, the carrier concentration can be further enhanced from ∼3.2 × 1013 cm–3 in InSe to ∼4.8 × 1015 cm–3 in InSe0.97S0.03 at 300 K, because S (χP ∼ 2.58) with larger Pauling electronegativity than Se (χP ∼ 2.55) can induce more In3+ state to increase carrier concentration in matrix. This boosted dynamic carrier transport property benefits an obviously enhanced power factor. Additionally, InSe compound presents intrinsically low thermal conductivity ∼1.6 W m–1 K–1 at 300 K due to low‐symmetry crystal structure and strong anharmonicity. This work indicates that the special dynamic carrier transport property and intrinsically low thermal conductivity in InSe make it as a worth‐expecting thermoelectric material.
DNA‐organic molecular amphiphiles: Synthesis, self‐assembly, and hierarchical aggregates
Authors: Zhao Zhiyong , Dong Yuanchen , Duan Zongze , Jin Dou , Yuan Wei , Liu Dongsheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the development of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanotechnology, various DNA nanostructures and DNA devices have been constructed, which exhibit potential applications in material science and biomedicine. Taking advantage of the programmability and biocompatibility of DNA, novel building block to chemically functionalize DNA with hydrophobic organic molecules has attracted more and more attention. Driving by amphiphilicity, DNA‐organic molecular amphiphiles have been demonstrated to self‐assemble or further induce hierarchically assemblies, providing novel‐specific properties. In this minireview, we summarize the recent progress of DNA organic molecular amphiphiles including their synthesis, self‐assembly behavior in aqueous solution, and the amphiphilic self‐assembly based on hierarchical DNA nano‐structures. We further briefly discuss the perspective of the application of the DNA‐organic molecular amphiphiles.
Iridium‐Catalyzed [4+3] Cyclization of ortho‐Tosylaminophenyl‐Substituted para‐Quinone Methides with Vinylic Oxiranes/Vinyl Aziridines
Authors: Wang Junwei , Zhao Lin , Li Caihong , Zhao Lei , Zhao Kun , Hu Yang , Hu Lihong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn Iridium‐catalyzed [4+3] cyclization of ortho‐tosylaminophenyl‐substituted para‐quinone methides with vinylic oxiranes or vinyl aziridines has been successfully developed. In the presence of [Ir(cod)Cl]2 and a suitable base, this unprecedented cascade reaction occurs readily in good yield (up to 97%) and high diastereoselectivity (dr>20 : 1), providing a highly efficient synthetic approach to synthetically valuable seven‐membered heterocyclic frameworks.
Unsymmetrical Pyrazoly‐Pyridinyl‐Triazole Promoted High Active Copper Composites on Mesoporous Materials and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Zhu Guanxin , Zhao Jiaxin , Duan Tianbo , Wang Long , Wang Dawei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh active ligand usually plays an important role during catalysis and organic synthesis area. Unsymmetrical tridentate pyrazoly‐pyridinyl‐triazole ligand bridged copper composite supported on the ordered mesoporous material was synthesized from the designed ligand, simple copper salt and commercially available SBA‐15. The resulting copper composite was fully characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray power diffraction. Compared to traditional noble Ir, Ru, Rh and Pd complexes, this economical and stable heterogeneous copper revealed high catalytic selectivity for the reaction of hydronaphthalenones and alcohols with good recyclability. Mechanism explorations disclosed that oxidation, condensation and hydrogenation processes were all involved during this process and this provided an efficient method to the synthesis of 2‐benzyl‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐1(2H)‐onederivatives with good recyclability through the green borrowing hydrogen strategy.
Neuromyelitis optica with rapid respiratory failure: a case report
Authors: Otake Kosuke , Tagami Takashi , Kido Norihiro , Watanabe Akihiro , Sakamaki Masanori , Mochizuki Toru , Matsuda Kiyoshi 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundNeuromyelitis optica is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and is characterized by severe optic neuritis and transverse myelitis.Case PresentationThe patient was a 74‐year‐old man with pneumonia. On admission, he exhibited lower limb weakness and rapid respiratory deterioration in the form of tachypnea. Subsequently, he was transported to the Emergency Center of our hospital. High‐signal lesions were observed from the cervical spinal cord to the thoracic spinal cord on T2‐weighted spinal magnetic resonance images. Neuromyelitis optica was suspected, and the patient received steroid pulse therapy and immunoadsorption plasmapheresis. Serum samples obtained upon transfer were positive for anti‐aquaporin‐4 antibodies, which confirmed the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica. Thereafter, the patient was transferred to a rehabilitation hospital.ConclusionRapid respiratory failure in neuromyelitis optica is rare, and care is needed while treating these cases.
Insight into the Alkaline Stability of N‐Heterocyclic Ammonium Groups for Anion‐Exchange Polyelectrolytes
Authors: Chen Nanjun , Jin Yiqi , Liu Haijun , Hu Chuan , Wu Bo , Xu Shaoyi , Li Hui , Fan Jiantao , Lee Young Moo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe alkaline stability of N‐heterocyclic ammonium (NHA) groups is a critical topic in anion‐exchange membranes (AEMs) and AEM fuel cells (AEMFCs). Here, we report a systematic study on the alkaline stability of 24 representative NHA groups at different hydration numbers (λ) at 80 °C. The results elucidate that γ‐substituted NHAs containing electron‐donating groups display superior alkaline stability, while electron‐withdrawing substituents are detrimental to durable NHAs. Density‐functional‐theory calculations and experimental results suggest that nucleophilic substitution is the dominant degradation pathway in NHAs, while Hofmann elimination is the primary degradation pathway for NHA‐based AEMs. Different degradation pathways determine the alkaline stability of NHAs or NHA‐based AEMs. AEMFC durability (from 1 A cm−2 to 3 A cm−2) suggests that NHA‐based AEMs are mainly subjected to Hofmann elimination under 1 A cm−2 current density for 1000 h, providing insights into the relationship between current density, λ value, and durability of NHA‐based AEMs.
A Chemistry and Microstructure Perspective on Ion‐Conducting Membranes for Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Xiong Ping , Zhang Leyuan , Chen Yuyue , Peng Sangshan , Yu Guihua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRedox flow batteries (RFBs) are among the most promising grid‐scale energy storage technologies. However, the development of RFBs with high round‐trip efficiency, high rate capability, and long cycle life for practical applications is highly restricted by the lack of appropriate ion‐conducting membranes. Promising RFB membranes should separate positive and negative species completely and conduct balancing ions smoothly. Specific systems must meet additional requirements, such as high chemical stability in corrosive electrolytes, good resistance to organic solvents in nonaqueous systems, and excellent mechanical strength and flexibility. These rigorous requirements put high demands on the membrane design, essentially the chemistry and microstructure associated with ion transport channels. In this Review, we summarize the design rationale of recently reported RFB membranes at the molecular level, with an emphasis on new chemistry, novel microstructures, and innovative fabrication strategies. Future challenges and potential research opportunities within this field are also discussed.