bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A proposed chronostratigraphic framework for the late Quaternary of southern Africa
Authors: Knight J. , Fitchett J.M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe principles of chronostratigraphy can inform the process of correlation between different palaeoclimate records, enabling the coherence of spatial and temporal patterns of past climates and environments to be identified based on the physical, chemical, biological and isotopic properties of individual depositional units. This study presents a chronostratigraphic framework for the late Quaternary of southern Africa, based on the integration of palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental proxy data from key records across the country from the start of Marine Isotope Stage 6 (~191 ka BP) to present. The methodology adopted in this study involves, first, wiggle-matching between sufficiently long and continuous records from different regions across southern Africa, informed by radiometric age controls from individual records. Based on interpretive limitations of these records, we then integrate different geomorphic and archaeological data types in proposing successive chronostratigraphic time periods that collectively extend through the late Quaternary of southern Africa. These time periods correspond to phases in which, within them, a certain set of (relative) stable climates or environments existed in different regions of southern Africa, as recorded in different ways in different proxy records. The boundaries between successive time periods are identified where there is evidence for a significant change in the workings of the climate or environmental system as reflected in the preserved proxy record found in a certain locality. These chronostratigraphic units are interpreted as reflecting the impacts of external forcing that is of regional extent, synchronous, and are not merely an outcome of local environmental variability. These chronostratigraphic phases identified for the late Quaternary period also correspond to distinctive technological and cultural phases in the southern African archaeological record, demonstrating links between coeval climate and environmental change and phases of human evolutionary development. This chronostratigraphic approach provides both a correlative framework for understanding the varied late Quaternary records of southern Africa, and a testable hypothesis for considering the synchroneity or otherwise of different records and thus their associated forcing factors.
Emergency surgery for traumatic spinal cord injury in a secondary hospital: A case report
Authors: Apriawan Tedy , Wicaksono Pandu , Meizikri Rizki , Subagio Eko Agus 
Published: July 2021

Background:
Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-threatening condition. Prompt surgical intervention is needed to avoid hemodynamic and respiratory catastrophe. In Indonesia, however, spine surgery is more common in tertiary hospitals and thus might prolong the time gap to surgery due to referral waiting time.

Case Description:
We performed an emergency surgery for a patient with complete SCI due to unstable cervical fracture. The patient was in spinal shock and experienced respiratory arrest after radiological workup. Stability was achieved in the ICU and patient was directly sent to operating theater. Anterior-posterior approach was chosen to decompress and stabilize the cervical spine. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 17 and was seen well at 1-month follow-up.

Conclusion:
The capability to perform spine procedures should not be exclusive to tertiary hospitals in Indonesia. Satisfying results can be achieved with the presence of capable neurosurgeons or orthopedic surgeons and anesthesiologists in lower-level hospitals.
Effect of vitamin C supplementation on hematological parameters in smokeless tobacco chewers
Authors: Jaywant S. Thorat  , Anand G. Joshi  , Kanchan C. Wingkar  
Published: July 2021

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of Vitamin C (VC) supplementation on hematological parameters in Smokeless Tobacco (ST) chewers. A total of 338 subjects aged between 31 to 60 years (168 ST chewers and 170 ST non-chewers) participated in the present study. ST chewers were further divided into 3 subgroups with respect to ST chewing duration in years. Subjects of both the groups were examined at the baseline study and after 45 days of supplementation of 1 g of Vitamin C (VC) for hematological parameters. WBC count (p=0.04), granulocytes % (p=0.0007), HCT (p=0.01) and MCV (p=0.04) were significantly increased whereas, monocytes % (p=0.002) and platelet count (p<0.0001) were significantly decreased in ST chewers as compared to controls. After supplementation of VC, WBC count (p<0.001) and granulocytes % (p<0.0001) were significantly decreased and lymphocytes % (p=0.008), monocytes % (p<0.0001), RBC count (p=0.01) and Hb content (p=0.006) were significantly increased in ST chewers as compared to their baseline values. In conclusion, the use of ST had deleterious effects on hematological parameters; however, supplementation of 1 g of VC showed protective effects on hematological parameters.
العوامل الدافعة للتطرف العنيف بين النساء العربيات: النموذج التَّنَبُّئِي الآلي
Authors:   College of Criminology Naif Arab University for Security Sciences   Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Eltayeb Shahla , Ammi Meryem ,   College of Criminology Naif Arab University for Security Sciences   Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Abbas Wijdan ,   College of Criminology Naif Arab University for Security Sciences   Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Published: July 2021

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على العوامل المرتبطة بالتطرف العنيف لدى المرأة العربية من خلال تحديد أقوى العوامل الدافعة والجاذبة للتطرف العنيف لدى المرأة العربية، وتحديد عوامل الدفع والجذب النفسية والاجتماعية والسياسية والسيبرانية المهيئة للتطرف العنيف لدى المرأة العربية. ومن ثم هدفت الدراسة إلى تصميم نموذج آلي، يسهم في توقع التطرف العنيف لدى المرأة العربية؛ ليصبح بذلك من البرامج الوقائية المهمة للتطرف العنيف على مستوى الوطن العربي.

وتعتبر الدراسة (وصفية تحليلية)، وقد استخدمت المنهج الكمي المستعرض في جمع المعلومات من خلال استقراء آراء الرجال والنساء في الوطن العربي فيما يختص بالعوامل المرتبطة بالتطرف العنيف لدى المرأة العربية، كما استخدمت الدراسة نموذج (العوامل الدافعة والجاذبة) كإطار منهجي للتحليل.

وتمثل مجتمع الدراسة في خمس دول عربية تعتبر الأعلى في استخدام الفضاء السيبراني، وكذلك من حيث تجنيد النساء والتحاقهن بجماعات متطرفة عنيفة، وقد تمثلت هذه الدول في كل من: (مصر، الجزائر، العراق، السودان، المملكة العربية السعودية). وقد بلغ حجم عينة الدراسة الطبقية من جميع الدول الخمس 1345 مبحوثًا ومبحوثة. وقد تم استخدام الاستبيان بنوعيه (الورقي والإلكتروني) لجمع المعلومات.

وجاءت نسب توزيع العينة عبر الدول الخمس على النحو التالي: مصر 24% من عينة الدراسة، والمملكة العربية السعودية 25٪، والسودان 26%، والعراق 16٪، والجزائر 9٪ من المبحوثين.

كما أشارت النتائج إلى أن أغلب خصائص العينة كانت على النحو التالي: 72٪ من أفراد العينة إناث، في حين أن 67٪ منهم من الفئة العمرية أقل من سن 30، كما وجد أن 67.6٪ من المبحوثين من طلاب الجامعات، وأن 58.1٪ كانوا غير متزوجين.

وجاء ترتيب العوامل الدافعة للتطرف العنيف لدى المرأة العربية على النحو التالي: احتل عامل (سهولة ممارسة حرية التعبير في الفضاء السيبراني) بنسبة 47%، ثم جاء عامل (صعوبة الضبط القانوني للمتطرفين في الفضاء السيبراني) بنسبة موافقة بلغت 40% من المبحوثين.

وفيما يتعلق بالعوامل الجاذبة للتطرف العنيف لدى المرأة العربية جاءت النتائج على النحو التالي: في المرتبة الأولى عامل (المعاناة من البطالة والفقر) بنسبة 41٪ من عينة الدراسة، يليه عامل (فعالية أساليب التجنيد للجماعات المتطرفة في الفضاء الإلكتروني) بنسبة موافقة بلغت 39٪، وحل ثالثًا عامل (السلوك المغامر والجريء) بموافقة 38٪ من المبحوثين. وجاءت نتيجة ترتيب العوامل المرتبطة بالتطرف العنيف لدى المرأة العربية من حيث قوة الارتباط على النحو التالي: في المرتبة الأولى جاءت العوامل السيبرانية، تلتها العوامل الاجتماعية

وتم استخدام نتائج الدراسة في بناء نموذج تنبؤي آلي للعوامل المهيئة للتطرف العنيف لدى المرأة العربية، ومن هذه النتائج ضرورة اعتماد الجهود المبذولة لمكافحة التطرف العنيف على نماذج تنبئية متعددة المحاور شاملة لخصوصية المرأة في الوطن العربي.
Produção de biomassa e cobertura do solo pelo consórcio de crotalária e milheto e sua influência em propriedades físicas dos solo
Authors: Bertolino Karina Mendes , Duarte Giuliana Rayane Barbosa , Vasconcelos Gustavo Maldini Penna de Valadares e , Botrel Élberis Pereira , Martins Fábio Aurélio Dias 
Published: July 2021

O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a cobertura do solo proporcionada pela crotalária e milheto consorciados em diferentes proporções, bem como seus efeitos na qualidade física do solo. A instalação do experimento obedeceu ao delineamento em blocos casualizados. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de crotalária (Crotalaria spectabilis ) (CR) e milheto (Pennisetum glaucum L. ) (MI) consorciados em diferentes proporções de semeadura, totalizando seis tratamentos: 100% CR (crotalária solteira); 80% CR + 20% MI; 60% CR + 40% MI; 40% CR + 60% MI; 20% CR + 80% MI; 100% MI (milheto solteiro), com quatro repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram a biomassa seca aos 118 dias após a semeadura, a porcentagem de cobertura do solo e umidade do solo aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias após o manejo das plantas, a resistência a penetração até 40 cm e densidade do solo na camada de 0-10. Aos 118 dias após a semeadura, a crotalária, o milheto e seus consórcios produziram quantidade de biomassa seca suficiente para promover a cobertura do solo de em média 77% até os 120 dias após o manejo das plantas, contudo não foram capazes de promover diferenças nos atributos físicos do solo.
Palavras-chave: Física do solo. Palhada. Sistema de plantas de cobertura.

Biomass production and soil coverage by the crotalary and millette consortium and its influence on physical properties
AbstractThe aim of this work was to evaluate the soil cover provided by crotalaria and millet intercropped in different proportions, as well as their effects on the physical quality of the soil. The installation of the experiment followed the randomized block design. The treatments consisted of crotalary (Crotalaria spectabilis) (CR) and millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) (MI) intercropped in different sowing proportions, totaling 6 treatments: 100% CR (single crotalary); 80% CR + 20% MI; 60% CR + 40% MI; 40% CR + 60% MI; 20% CR + 80% MI; 100% MI (single millet), with 4 repetitions. The variables evaluated were dry biomass at 118 days after sowing, the percentage of soil cover and soil moisture at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after plant management, the resistance to penetration up to 40 cm and soil density in the 0-10 layer. At 118 days after sowing the crotalary, the millet and their intercropping produced enough dry biomass to promote an average 77% soil cover until 120 days after plant management, however, they were unable to promote differences in the physical attributes of the soil.
Keywords: Soil physics. Straw. Cover plants system.
Estudo de caso da curricularização da extensão nos cursos de tecnologia em um campus do IFMG
Authors: Pereira Camila Cristina de Paula , Queiroz Eliza Antônia , Costa Júnior Edio da 
Published: July 2021

O artigo discute a temática da curricularização da extensão (CE) a partir do estudo de caso em dois cursos superiores de tecnólogos em um Campus do IFMG. A metodologia do trabalho consiste na análise crítica de resultados obtidos a partir de grupos focais realizados com os estudantes, bem como a identificação e análise dos pontos fortes e fracos referentes à CE no IFMG e no Campus específico, a partir das Lei 13.005/2014 e da Resolução Nº 7, de 18 de dezembro de 2018. Os resultados apontam a ausência ou limitação da institucionalização da extensão no IFMG e nos cursos analisados, o que demonstra dificuldade para a promoção da efetiva CE. A pesquisa reportou para elementos da relevância da autonomia na prática extensionista e levou à reflexão acerca dos parâmetros norteadores da indissociabilidade ensino-pesquisa-extensão.

Palavras-chave: Curricularização da extensão. Ensino-pesquisa-extensão. Institucionalização da extensão.

Curricularization extension case technology courses campus IFMG
Abstract
Article discusses two higher education courses extension curricularization (EC) case in for technologists Campus IFMG. Methodology consists critical analysis results obtained from focus groups carried out with students, as well as identification and strengths and weaknesses EC analysis related in the IFMG and specific Campus, from Resolution No. 7, 18 December 2018, Law 13.005/2014. Indicate results absence or limitation IFMG extension institutionalization and courses analyzed, which demonstrates promoting effective EC difficulty. Reported research relevance autonomy elements practice extension and led reflection inseparability of teaching-research-extension.
Keywords: Extension curriculation. Teaching-research-extension. Extension institutionality.
Modelo de política óptima de dividendos
Authors: Núñez Pérez Jorge , Rositas Martínez Juan , Medina Elizondo Manuel 
Published: July 2021

Keywords: agency costs, clienteles of dividends, information content of dividends, irrelevance of dividend policy, transaction costsAbstract. This research addresses one of the fundamental decisions of corporate finance: the dividend policy. It is formulated a model whose building blocks are the theory of irrelevance of the dividends of Modigliani and Miller (as a general context), the signaling model of John Lintner, and the model of Michael S. Rozzef of minimization of agency cost and transaction costs. The construction of the theoretical model of optimal dividend policy proposed here highlights the advantages of the axiomatic definition of the theory of Modigliani and Miller, by its logical contribution, and intends to propose a new formulation with respect to the determination of level of payment of dividends in the corporations. Therefore we relax the assumptions specified by Modigliani and Miller related to liquidity indifference, absence of uncertainty, agency costs and transaction cost, also we explore the possibility of presence of asymmetric information. In such circumstances, for the model exposed here and by means of a binary logistic regression analysis is tested the influence of profits, the information content of dividends, the clientele effect and agency costs to define policy dividends of the corporations in Mexico.Palabras clave: clientelas de dividendos, contenido informativo de los dividendos, costos de agencia, costos de transacción, irrelevancia de la política de dividendosResumen. Esta investigación aborda una de las decisiones fundamentales de las finanzas corporativas: la política de dividendos. Se formula un modelo cuyos bloques de construcción son la teoría de irrelevancia de los dividendos de Modigliani y Miller (como contexto general), el modelo de señalización de John Lintner, y el modelo de Michael S. Rozzef de minimización de costos de agencia y de costos de transacción. La construcción del modelo teórico de política óptima de dividendos aquí propuesto pone de relieve las ventajas de la definición axiomática de la teoría de Modigliani y Miller, en cuanto a contribución lógica, con la intención de acercarnos a una nueva formulación respecto de la determinación del nivel de pago de dividendos en las corporaciones. Para ello se relajan las suposiciones especificadas por Modigliani y Miller en relación a la indiferencia por liquidez, ausencia de incertidumbre, costos de agencia y costos de transacción, también se explora la posibilidad de presencia de información asimétrica. En dichas circunstancias, para el modelo aquí expuesto y mediante un análisis de regresión logística binaria se prueba la influencia de las utilidades, el contenido informativo de los dividendos, el efecto clientela y los costos de agencia para definir la política de dividendos de las corporaciones en México.
Reducing SMEs informal economy through institutionalization: the MNC-academia-SMEs business model
Authors: López Lira Arjona Alfonso , Cobas Flores Elisa , Calderón Valencia Cecilia 
Published: July 2021

Keywords: informal economy, institutionalization, SMEsAbstract. The informal sector has been growing throughout the last century in emerging economies. Particularly in Latin America, both a long-term instability in economic and political environments, and a continuous migration from rural to urban areas; have triggered the appearance of unregulated businesses and employments. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) operate informally in one or more business processes, in order to reduce costs and maximize profits. Leaving aside tax evasion and illegal labor, such SMEs often have low technology and an unskilled work force; which threatens its survival in highly competitive environments. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the impact of the Multi National Corporation (MNC) and the Academia in the formalization of SMEs. This is aimed through a collaborative model for the institutionalization of operational and managerial knowledge within SMEs. Qualitative results indicate that improvements are triggered by a self-conscious awareness of the value derived from institutionalizing best business practices.Palabras clave: economía informal, institucionalización, PyMEsResumen. En economías emergentes, el sector informal ha crecido continuamente durante el último siglo. Particularmente en América Latina, entornos de inestabilidad políticaeconómica, así como una migración continua de las áreas rurales a las urbanas; han propiciado la aparición de negocios y empleos no regulados. Las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PyMEs) operan informalmente en uno o más procesos de negocio, con el fin de reducir costos y maximizar utilidades. Más allá de evadir impuestos y leyes laborales, dichas empresas cuentan con baja tecnología y mano de obra poco calificada, lo cuál amenaza su supervivencia en entornos altamente competitivos. El propósito del presente artículo de investigación es el resaltar el rol que la Empresa Multinacional y la Academia juegan en la formalización de las PyMEs. Esto es realizado mediante un modelo colaborativo para institucionalizar el conocimiento administrativo y operativo de la PyME. Resultados cualitativos indican que las mejoras están sujetas a la transformación en la visión de negocios derivada de la institucionalización de mejores prácticas.
Integración de organizaciones y empresas al territorio por medio de innovaciones sociales
Authors: Portales Luis 
Published: July 2021

Key words: enterprise integration, inter-sectorial partnerships, social actors, social innovation, territory.JEL: O35, O10, M10Abstract. Territory is a concept that has been approached from different scopes of social sciences. As a result of its study, currently is understand as a multidimensional and complex form, where not only take into consideration the geographical aspect and availability of resources, but also includes a relational and dynamic aspect. Consequence of this view it can be used as a framework to analyze the different connections that social actors presents between them, and the causes, implications and effects they have on the territory where they operate. The aim of this paper is to present how different actors have been integrated into the territory as a result of the breakdown in social roles that state, civil society and companies traditionally had been doing. These schemes of collaboration and integration can be understood as social innovations that generate socioeconomic processes aimed to improving living conditions for all inhabitants. The analysis is a framework that serves as the basis for the study of social innovations that occur most frequently in the current context.Palabras clave: actores sociales, alianzas intersectoriales, innovación social, integración empresarial, territorio. JEL: O35, O10, M10Resumen. El territorio es un concepto que ha sido abordado desde diferentes ramas de las ciencias sociales, sin embargo, y como resultado de su estudio, actualmente es visualizado de una forma multidimensional y compleja, en donde no solamente se toman en consideración su aspecto geográfico y la disposición de recursos, sino que también se incluye su aspecto relacional y dinámico. Consecuencia de esta visualización éste puede ser utilizado como un marco de referencia para analizar las diferentes articulaciones que presentan los actores sociales que en él convergen, así como las causas, implicaciones y efectos que éstas tienen en el entorno donde se encuentran y en los mismos actores que las generan. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar la forma en que los diferentes actores se han ido integrando al territorio como consecuencia de la ruptura en los roles sociales que Estado, organizaciones de la sociedad civil y empresas tradicionalmente venían realizando. Estos esquemas de colaboración e integración pueden ser entendidos como innovaciones sociales que generan procesos socioeconómicos orientados a la mejora de condiciones de vida de todos los habitantes. El análisis realizado es un marco de referencia que sirve como base para el estudio de las innovaciones sociales que se presentan con mayor frecuencia en el contexto actual.
Estrategias para una sucesión exitosa en la empresa familiar
Authors: García M. E. 
Published: July 2021

Key words: Family business, family counsoul, partial retirement, succession in family businessAbstract. This study has the objective to propose a group of strategies to help the Family Business Manager to solve the succession problems; by using these strategies the family business can conquer a transition power that creates the most wealth posible to the business and to the familiy. This study is presented as a descrptive research, with basis on the most recently research about succession problems on family business. The Familiy Business Managers who want that business still belongs to familiy have the obligation of developing asuccession plan that allows the company continue being competitive when family business manager leaves the company. The strategies included in this study must be promoted by the Family Business Manager who must take care of leading the directive team to sucessuful power change. The strategies proposed in this study are: Creating a Family Business Conseil; Choosing the succesor from an analitical point of view; Get pschicologist support in the succesion period; To create a Business Society; Partial Retirement of Director; Anadequate compensation management; Open communication among all the members; and a provisional management.Palabras Claves: Consejo familiar, empresa familiar, retiro parcial, sucesión en la empresa familiarResumen. El objetivo del estudio es proponer un conjunto de estrategias para ayudar a los Directores de Empresas Familiares a solucionar los problemas relacionados con la sucesión. Mediante el uso de estas estrategias clave las empresas familiares pueden lograr una transición de poder que genere la mayor riqueza posible para el negocio y para la familia. El presente estudio se plantea como una investigación de carácter descriptiva, basada en las investigaciones mas recientes sobre la problemática de la sucesión en la empresa familiar.Los Directores de las Empresas Familiares que desean que el negocio siga perteneciendo a la familia tienen la obligación de desarrollar un plan de sucesión que permita a la organización seguir siendo competitiva cuando el Director abandone la empresa. Las estrategias presentadas en este estudio deben ser promovidas por el Director de la Empresa Familiar quien debe encargarse de dirigir a su equipo directivo rumbo al éxito en la transición de poder. Las estrategias propuestas en este estudio son: La creación de un Consejo Familiar; la elección analítica del sucesor; solicitar asesoría psicológica durante el periodo de sucesión; la formación de una Sociedad de Negocio; el Retiro Parcial del Director; un manejo adecuado de las compensaciones; la implementación de una estructura de comunicación abierta y la planeación de una administración interina.