bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate cancer GTV delineation with biparametric MRI and 68Ga-PSMA-PET: comparison of expert contours and semi-automated methods
Authors: Hearn Nathan , Blazak John , Vivian Philip , Vignarajah Dinesh , Cahill Katelyn , Atwell Daisy , Lagopoulos Jim , Min Myo 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
The optimal method for delineation of dominant intraprostatic lesions (DIL) for targeted radiotherapy dose escalation is unclear. This study evaluated interobserver and intermodality variability of delineations on biparametric MRI (bpMRI), consisting of T 2 weighted (T 2W) and diffusion-weighted (DWI) sequences, and 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT; and compared manually delineated GTV contours with semi-automated segmentations based on quantitative thresholding of intraprostatic apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and standardised uptake values (SUV).

Methods:
16 patients who had bpMRI and PSMA-PET scanning performed prior to any treatment were eligible for inclusion. Four observers (two radiation oncologists, two radiologists) manually delineated the DIL on: (1) bpMRI (GTVMRI), (2) PSMA-PET (GTVPSMA) and (3) co-registered bpMRI/PSMA-PET (GTVFused) in separate sittings. Interobserver, intermodality and semi-automated comparisons were evaluated against consensus Simultaneous Truth and Performance Level Estimation (STAPLE) volumes, created from the relevant manual delineations of all observers with equal weighting. Comparisons included the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), mean distance to agreement (MDA) and other metrics.

Results:
Interobserver agreement was significantly higher (p &lt; 0.05) for GTVPSMA (DSC: 0.822, MDA: 1.12 mm) and GTVFused (DSC: 0.787, MDA: 1.34 mm) than for GTVMRI (DSC: 0.705, MDA 2.44 mm). Intermodality agreement between GTVMRI and GTVPSMA was low (DSC: 0.440, MDA: 4.64 mm). Agreement between semi-automated volumes and consensus GTV was low for MRI (DSC: 0.370, MDA: 8.16 mm) and significantly higher for PSMA-PET (0.571, MDA: 4.45 mm, p &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion:
68Ga-PSMA-PET appears to improve interobserver consistency of DIL localisation vs bpMRI and may be more viable for simple quantitative delineation approaches; however, more sophisticated approaches to semi-automatic delineation factoring for patient- and disease-related heterogeneity are likely required.

Advances in knowledge:
This is the first study to evaluate the interobserver variability of prostate GTV delineations with co-registered bpMRI and 68Ga-PSMA-PET.
Quality care process metrics (QCP-Ms) in nursing and midwifery care processes: a rapid realist review (RRR) protocol
Authors: O'Connor Laserina , Coffey Alice , Lambert Veronica , Casey Mary , McNamara Martin , Teeling Sean Paul , O'Doherty Jane , Barnard Marlize , Corcoran Yvonne , Davies Carmel , Doody Owen , Frawley Timothy , O'Brien Denise , Redmond Catherine , Smith Rita , Somanadhan Suja , Noonan Maria , Bradshaw Carmel , Tuohy Dympna , Gallen Anne 
Published: January 2021

Background: In 2018, the Office of the Nursing and Midwifery Services Director (ONMSD) completed phase one of work which culminated in the development and launch of seven research reports with defined suites of quality care process metrics (QCP-Ms) and respective indicators for the practice areas – acute care, midwifery, children’s, public health nursing, older persons, mental health and intellectual disability nursing in Ireland. This paper presents a rapid realist review protocol that will systematically review the literature that examines QCP-Ms in practice; what worked, or did not work for whom, in what contexts, to what extent, how and why? Methods: The review will explore if there are benefits of using the QCP-Ms and what are the contexts in which these mechanisms are triggered. The essence of this rapid realist review is to ascertain how a change in context generates a particular mechanism that produces specific outcomes. A number of steps will occur including locating existing theories on implementation of quality care metrics, searching the evidence, selecting relevant documents, data extraction, validation of findings, synthesising and refining programme theory. This strategy may help to describe potential consequences resulting from changes in context and their interactions with mechanisms. Initial theories will be refined throughout the process by the local reference panel, comprised of eight key intervention stakeholders, knowledge users such as healthcare professionals and an expert panel. Ethical approval is not required for this rapid realist review. Conclusion: It is anticipated that the final programme theory will help to explain how QCP-Ms work in practice; for whom, why and in what circumstances. Findings of this review could help to give insights into the use of a rapid realist review as a framework and how nursing and midwifery QCP-Ms have been implemented previously.
Engaging community health workers, technology, and youth in the COVID-19 response with concurrent critical care capacity building: A protocol for an integrated community and health system intervention to reduce mortality related to COVID-19 infection in Western Kenya
Authors: Kaseje Neema , Kaseje Dan , Oruenjo Kennedy , Milambo Joel , Kaseje Margaret 
Published: January 2021

Globally, the number of COVID-19 infections is approaching 63 million; more than 1 million individuals have lost their lives. In Kenya, the number of infections has surpassed 80,000 and 1469 people have lost their lives. In Kenya, the community health strategy has been used to deliver essential health services since 2007. Furthermore, the population in Kenya is young (the median age is 21 years old) and Kenya is recognized as a technology hub in the East African region. Community-based health care, youth, and technology, are assets within the Kenyan context that can be leveraged to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic with concurrent strengthening of the critical care capacity at the health system level. This is a quasi-experimental study with quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection to complete a baseline assessment of community health unit and health facility service readiness in the study site of Siaya County in western Kenya. Following the baseline assessment, service ready community health units and health facilities with oxygen capacity will form intervention groups. At the community level, the intervention will consist of training youth, community health assistants and community health workers in screening, case detection, prevention, management and referral of COVID-19 cases with maintenance of essential health services. The community intervention will be enhanced by youth and use of digital tools. At the health facility level, the intervention will consist of training health care workers in basic critical care and caring for severe COVID-19 patients with maintenance of essential health services. The primary outcome measure will be mortality related to COVID-19 infection both at community and health facility levels. This study would be the first study to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated approach in preparing for and implementing a robust pandemic response. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT04501458; registered on 6 August 2020.
Sponsored Content Advertising in a Two-Sided Market
Authors: Chatterjee Prabirendra , Zhou Bo 
Published: January 2021

Sponsored content advertising, also known as native advertising, is a new ad format in which a brand’s content takes the same form and qualities of the publisher’s original content. Although many advertisers have largely embraced this new advertising format, consumers seem to react negatively toward sponsored content ads. In this paper, we present an analytical model that studies the strategic role of sponsored content advertising in a two-sided media market. We identify conditions under which competing platforms would choose sponsored content advertising over traditional advertising. Despite consumers’ negative sentiment toward sponsored content ads, they can be better off together with the advertisers when both platforms choose this ad format. In fact, we show that a certain degree of consumer disliking is necessary to make both advertisers and consumers better off with sponsored content ads. However, both competing platforms offering sponsored content ads may also result in a Prisoner’s Dilemma equilibrium outcome generating suboptimal profits. We further show that two symmetric media platforms can choose different advertising strategies, leading to an asymmetric equilibrium outcome. Lastly, we analyze how the presence of multihoming advertisers as well as an incomplete ad market coverage would affect the sponsored content ad equilibrium. This paper was accepted by Juanjuan Zhang, marketing.
Screening and supporting the mental health of student physiotherapists during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Soundy Andrew , Hemmings Laura , Gardiner Lucy 
Published: January 2021

Background/Aims The purpose of this study was to use the Model of Emotions, Adaptation and Hope as a way to screen and support physiotherapy students and understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on their health by focusing on the stories (narrative) they tell. Methods This pilot mixed methods study included a convenience sample of BSc and MSc level student physiotherapists. A single screening online interview was conducted via Zoom or Skype. Students' narratives underwent qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis using the Model of Emotions, Adaptation and Hope. Results A total of 19 students took part in this study. Students identified four master plot narratives as a response to the interview: future control; lost productivity; isolation; and opportunity. Significant pre-interview to follow-up change was found in acceptance, pleasantness and energy. Conclusions It is possible to support the mental health of physiotherapy students by screening for difficulties and listening to and exploring their responses.
Sixteen-channel fiber array-coupled superconducting single-photon detector array with average system detection efficiency over 60% at telecom wavelength
Authors: Zhang Wei-Jun , Xu Guang-Zhao , You Li-Xing , Zhang Cheng-Jun , Huang Hao , Ou Xin , Sun Xing-Qu , Xiong Jia-Min , Li Hao , Wang Zhen , Xie Xiao-Ming 
Published: January 2021

We report a compact, scalable, and high-performance superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) array by using a multichannel optical fiber array-coupled configuration. For single pixels with an active area of 18 µm in diameter and illuminated at the telecom wavelength of 1550 nm, we achieved a pixel yield of 13/16 on one chip, an average system detection efficiency of 69% at a dark count rate of 160 cps, a minimum timing jitter of 74 ps, and a maximum count rate of

∼

40

M
c
p
s

. The optical crosstalk coefficient between adjacent channels is better than

−

60

d
B

. The performance of the fiber array-coupled detectors is comparable with a standalone detector coupled to a single fiber. Our method is promising for the development of scalable, high-performance, and high-yield SNSPDs.
Diagnostic system for the detection of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus RNA from suspected infected animals
Authors: Park Eun-sil , Fujita Osamu , Kimura Masanobu , Hotta Akitoyo , Imaoka Koichi , Shimojima Masayuki , Saijo Masayuki , Maeda Ken , Morikawa Shigeru 
Published: January 2021

Background
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) causes severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and cats. Clinical symptoms of SFTS-infected cats resemble those of SFTS patients, whereas SFTS-contracted cats have high levels of viral RNA loads in the serum and body fluids. Due to the risk of direct infection from SFTS-infected cats to human, it is important to diagnose SFTS-suspected animals. In this study, a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was newly developed to diagnose SFTS-suspected animals without non-specific reactions.

Methodology/principle findings
Four primer sets were newly designed from consensus sequences constructed from 108 strains of SFTSV. A RT-PCR with these four primer sets successfully and specifically detected four clades of SFTSV. Their limits of detection are 1–10 copies/reaction. Using this RT-PCR, 5 cat cases among 56 SFTS-suspected animal cases were diagnosed as SFTS. From these cats, IgM or IgG against SFTSV were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), but not neutralizing antibodies by plaque reduction neutralization titer (PRNT) test. This phenomenon is similar to those of fatal SFTS patients.

Conclusion/significance
This newly developed RT-PCR could detect SFTSV RNA of several clades and from SFTS-suspected animals. In addition to ELISA and PRNT test, the useful laboratory diagnosis systems of SFTS-suspected animals has been made in this study.
Epidemiology of COVID-19 vs. influenza: Differential failure of COVID-19 mitigation among Hispanics, Cook County Health, Illinois
Authors: Trick William E. , Badri Sheila , Doshi Kruti , Zhang Huiyuan , Rezai Katayoun , Hoffman Michael J. , Weinstein Robert A. 
Published: January 2021

Background
During the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S., African-American or Hispanic communities were disproportionately impacted. To better understand the epidemiology and relative effects of COVID-19 among hospitalized Hispanic patients, we compared individual and census-tract level characteristics of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 to those diagnosed with influenza, another viral infection with respiratory transmission. We evaluated temporal changes in epidemiology related to a shelter-in-place mandate.

Methods
We evaluated patients hospitalized at Cook County Health, the safety-net health system for the Chicago metropolitan area. Among self-identified hospitalized Hispanic patients, we compared those with influenza (2019–2020 season) to COVID-19 infection during March 16, 2020-May 11, 2020. We used multivariable analysis to identify differences in individual and census-tract level characteristics between the two groups.

Results
Relative to non-Hispanic blacks and whites, COVID-19 rapidly increased among Hispanics during promotion of social-distancing policies. Whereas non-Hispanic blacks were more likely to be hospitalized for influenza, Hispanic patients predominated among COVID-19 infections (40% relative increase compared to influenza). In the comparative analysis of influenza and COVID-19, Hispanic patients with COVID-19 were more likely to reside in census tracts with higher proportions of residents with the following characteristics: Hispanic; no high school diploma; non-US citizen; limited English speaking ability; employed in manufacturing or construction; and overcrowding. By multivariable analysis, Hispanic patients hospitalized with COVID-19 compared to those with influenza were more likely to be male (adjusted OR = 1.8; 95% CI 1.1 to 2.9), obese (aOR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.5 to 4.2), or reside in a census tract with ≥40% of residents without a high-school diploma (aOR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.3 to 4.8).

Conclusions
The rapid and disproportionate increase in COVID-19 hospitalizations among Hispanics after the shelter-in-place mandate indicates that public health strategies were inadequate in protecting this population—in particular, for those residing in neighborhoods with lower levels of educational attainment.
The need for supportive mental wellbeing interventions in bladder cancer patients: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Bessa Agustina , Rammant Elke , Enting Deborah , Bryan Richard T. , Shamim Khan Muhammad , Malde Sachin , Nair Rajesh , Thurairaja Ramesh , Cahill Fidelma , Amery Suzanne , Smith Sue , Ahmed Kamran , Russell Beth , Moss Charlotte , Chatterton Kathryn , Häggström Christel , Van Hemelrijck Mieke 
Published: January 2021

Objectives
There is an increased awareness of the effect of a bladder cancer diagnosis and its treatments on the mental wellbeing of patients. However, few studies have evaluated the efficacy, feasibility and acceptability of interventions to improve this mental wellbeing. This systematic review is the first phase of the Medical Research Council Framework for developing complex interventions and provides an overview of the published mental wellbeing interventions that could be used to design an intervention specific for BC patients.

Methods
This review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines in January 2019 and studies were identified by conducting searches for Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Ovid Gateway. All included studies met the following criteria: mental wellbeing interventions of adults with medically confirmed diagnosis of any type of urological cancer, reported outcomes for specific HRQoL domains including psychological factors. The quality of evidence was assessed according to Down and Black 27-item checklist.

Results
A total of 15,094 records were collected from the literature search and 10 studies matched the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of these, nine interventions were for patients with prostate cancer and one for patients with kidney cancer. No studies were found for other urological cancers. Depression was the most commonly reported endpoint measured. Of the included studies with positive efficacy, three were group interventions and two were couple interventions. In the group interventions, all showed a reduction in depressive symptoms and in the couple interventions, there was a reduction in depressive symptoms and a favourable relationship cohesion. The couple interventions were the most feasible and acceptable, but further research was required for most of the studies.

Conclusion
While awareness of the importance of mental wellbeing in bladder cancer patients is growing, this systematic literature review highlights the gap of feasible and acceptable interventions for this patient population.
Gamifying quantitative face-to-face interviews in rural India: An empirical evaluation based on the basic psychological needs theory
Authors: Aubert Alice H. , Friedrich Max N. D. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveStandardized face-to-face interviews are widely used in low and middle-income countries to collect data for social science and health research. Such interviews can be long and tedious. In an attempt to improve the respondents’ experience of interviews, we developed a concept of gamified interview format by including a game element. Gamification is reported to increase engagement in tasks, but results from rigorously developed research are equivocal, and a theory of gamification is still needed.Materials & methodsWe evaluated the proposed gamification with a randomized controlled trial based on self-determination theory, specifically on the basic psychological needs theory. In total, 1266 respondents were interviewed. Single and multiple mediation analyses were used to understand the effects of the gamified interview format.ResultsOur evaluation showed that the gamification we had developed did not improve the outcome, the experience of the interview reported by respondent. The effect of the gamified interview format depended on the ability of respondents: gamification can be counterproductive if it overburdens the respondents. However, the basic psychological needs theory explained the mechanisms of action of gamification well: feeling competent and related to others improved the reported experience of the interview.ConclusionWe emphasize the need to develop context-specific gamification and invite researchers to conduct equivalently rigorous evaluations of gamification in future studies.
Understanding the relationship between safety beliefs and knowledge for cognitive enhancers in UK university students
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc Trai , Rakow Tim , Gardner Benjamin , Dommett Eleanor J. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundCognitive enhancers (CE) are prescription drugs taken, either without a prescription or at a dose exceeding that which is prescribed, to improve cognitive functions such as concentration, vigilance or memory. Previous research suggests that users believe the drugs to be safer than non-users and that they have sufficient knowledge to judge safety. However, to date no research has compared the information sources used and safety knowledge of users and non-users.ObjectivesThis study compared users and non-users of CE in terms of i) their sources of knowledge about the safety of CE and ii) the accuracy of their knowledge of possible adverse effects of a typical cognitive enhancer (modafinil); and iii) how the accuracy of knowledge relates to their safety beliefs.MethodsStudents (N = 148) from King’s College London (UK) completed an anonymous online survey assessing safety beliefs, sources of knowledge and knowledge of the safety of modafinil; and indicated whether they used CE, and, if so, which drug(s).ResultsThe belief that the drugs are safe was greater in users than non-users. However, both groups used comparable information sources and have similar, relatively poor drug safety knowledge. Furthermore, despite users more strongly believing in the safety of CE there was no relationship between their beliefs and knowledge, in contrast to non-users who did show correlations between beliefs and knowledge.ConclusionThese data suggest that the differences in safety beliefs about CE between users and non-users do not stem from use of different information sources or more accurate safety knowledge.
Views of Mexican outpatients with rheumatoid arthritis on sexual and reproductive health: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ledón-LLanes Loraine , Contreras-Yáñez Irazú , Guaracha-Basáñez Guillermo , Valverde-Hernández Salvador Saúl , González-Marín Anayanci , Ballinas-Sánchez Ángel de Jesús , Durand Marta , Pascual-Ramos Virginia 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) impacts sexual and reproductive health (SRH), which is a prominent component of a patient´s quality of life and highly influenced by the cultural background. The aim of the study was to explore the interest of Mexican outpatients with RA in SRH and to examine patient view on SRH.MethodsThis cross-sectional study surveyed 303 consecutive outpatients with RA on their perceptions of SRH importance, SRH satisfaction, access to SRH information, preferences regarding SRH communication with healthcare professionals, and understanding of SRH (qualitative open-ended descriptions). Descriptive statistics and inferential analysis were used. Patient knowledge of each dimension of SRH was rated based on pre-specified criteria. Two assessors assigned ten major themes to each patient´s description of both dimensions of SRH.ResultsPatients perceived their SRH as an important component of their general health and wished to address the topic, although few had access to such communication. Female patients assigned lesser importance to SRH, showed lesser degree of satisfaction with SRH, and expressed preference for a truthful physician. Age showed a linear association with individual survey responses, except for satisfaction with reproductive health dimension. There was a linear association between increased age and decreased years of formal education with a lower level of SRH knowledge. Ten major themes emerged for each of the two dimensions of the SRH construct, although most individual descriptions were assigned to one or two major themes.ConclusionsFurther education and assessment of SRH in Mexican patients with RA is warranted.