bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial pathogens in sputum of children with community-acquired pneumonia, unexpected results
Authors: Zaki Ahmed , Abdelwahab Sara , Awad Mohammad H. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in children worldwide. Identification of the microbial etiology in childhood CAP is impeded by difficulties in obtaining the proper samples. Limited data have been reported on bacterial pathogens that cause childhood CAP in Saudi Arabia.

Objectives
The authors aim to investigate the bacteriological causes of childhood CAP in Saudi Arabia and the value of serum biomarkers in the identification of bacterial CAP.

Materials and methods
A retrospective analysis of the electronic data of children with CAP aged 1 month to 14 years who were admitted between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019 was carried out. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and sputum culture data were extracted.

Results
A total of 163 children with documented bacterial sputum culture results were identified; 43 (26.4%) had positive sputum. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated organism in children with bacterial CAP (37.2%), followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (30.2%), streptococcus pyogens (14%), pseudomonas (14%), enterococci (2.3%), and streptococcus pneumonia (2.3%). A total leukocyte count of 11 000/mm3 has 60% sensitivity and 67% specificity for the prediction of positive bacterial sputum culture. An absolute neutrophil count of 7000/mm3 and C-reactive protein of 30 mg/L have low sensitivities of 36% and 38%, but high specificities of 78% and 80% in predicting positive bacterial sputum culture, respectively.

Conclusion

S. aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia are the most common bacteria that cause CAP in children in Saudi Arabia, with a lower prevalence of streptococcus pneumonia. Serum biomarkers such as total leukocyte count, absolute neutrophil count, and C-reactive protein have adequate specificity to identify patients with positive bacterial sputum culture.
Glomerular filtration rate changes in the first week of healthy full-term newborns
Authors: Monem Ahmed A. , Hamid Moftah A. , Abdel-Aal Hala M. , Soliman Shireen R. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Renal function − as many other organ functions − is immature in the early neonatal period.

Aim
A prospective study was carried out that aimed at determining serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in apparently healthy full-term newborns (NBs) on the first and seventh days of postnatal life.

Participants and methods
This study included 50 apparently healthy full-term neonates born to healthy mothers at Damanhour Medical Institute in AL-Behera governorate. Half of the neonates were males; 27 babies were delivered vaginally and the remaining by cesarian section. All NBs were subjected to a full assessment of history and clinical examination. Complete blood count, C-reactive protein, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and abdominal ultrasound were performed for all NBs. Serum creatinine and GFR were estimated on the first and seventh days of life. Maternal serum creatinine was determined for all mothers on day 1.

Results
Serum creatinine showed a significant decrease on the seventh day. GFR was significantly increased by the seventh day of life. NBs’ serum creatinine showed a negative correlation with the postnatal age, while GFR showed a positive correlation.
Vitamin-D status among Egyptian children and adolescents
Authors: Gad Suzan , Heiba Ebtehal G. , Kamel Noha , Amin Mona Karem 
Published: November 2021

Background and aim
Vitamin D is essential for growth, development, and health. It works as a paracrine and autocrine signaling molecule that affects nearly all systems in the body. Vitamin-D deficiency (VDD) may be overlooked due to the variable clinical presentations. This study was conducted to assess vitamin-D status among children and adolescents, and to find out predictors for its deficiency/insufficiency among the studied groups.

Patients and methods
A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 88 patients (47 children and 41 adolescents). All participants were subjected to history, clinical examination, and estimation of serum vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and phosphorous levels. The patients were divided into four groups according to serum vitamin-D level: severely deficient less than 10 ng/ml, deficient 10–less than 20 ng/ml, insufficient 20–30 ng/ml, and sufficient vitamin D more than 30 ng/ml.

Results
VDD was prevalent in the studied group, where 58% of them showed VDD and 25% showed insufficiency. Children showed 8.6% severe deficiency, 46.8% deficiency, and 31.9% insufficiencies. The adolescents showed 21.1% severe deficiency, 48.8% deficiency, and 17.7% insufficiency. Muscle cramps were significant among children only. Multivariable linear-regression analysis revealed that BMI (P=0.01) and fast food (P=0.016) were associated with the increased risk of deficiency.

Conclusions
VDD and insufficiency are prevalent in Egyptian children and adolescents among both sexes. The severity of deficiency is associated with muscle cramps. Vitamin-D status was affected by increased BMI and fast-food intake.
Food Security, Conflict, and COVID-19: Perspective from Afghanistan
Authors: Islam Zarmina , Kokash Diana Mutasem , Babar Maryam Salma , Uday Utkarsha , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Rackimuthu Sudhan , Essar Mohammad Yasir , Nemat Arash 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT.
Afghanistan, a country challenged by war and conflicts, has been in a state of turmoil for several years. The prolonged suffering has brought many challenges to the country’s inhabitants. Among these, food security is one important cause for concern. Food security occurs when people continuously have physical and economic access to adequate, safe, and nutritious food to meet their dietary requirements and food preferences for a functional and healthy life. Amid the pandemic, Afghanistan has witnessed a large increase in food shortages due to its dependence on neighboring countries. In light of current circumstances, food insecurity, coupled with political instability and the third wave of the COVID-19, have made it extremely hard for people to access daily provisions. Hence, people are left to navigate the COVID-19 pandemic with economic recession and poverty as the backdrop of the other health crises. To mitigate food security, international attempts are the required at this critical juncture. The aim of this article is to understand the causes leading to food insecurity and its implications in Afghanistan and to propose solutions that will improve the overall food security at the policy and implementation levels.
Research on evaluating, selecting and manufacturing the VPI SP chemical product for conducting field test to enhance oil recovery coefficient of oil fields in Cuu Long basin, offshore Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Long , Nguyen Minh Quy , Pham Truong Giang , Phan Vu Anh , Le Thi Thu Huong , Cu Thi Viet Nga , Tran Thanh Phuong , Dinh Duc Huy , Le The Hung 
Published: November 2021

The Vietnam Petroleum Institute (VPI) is implementing a multi-task national level project entitled “Research, evaluate, select and develop a pilot programme for industrial application of solutions to improve oil recovery coefficient for clastic oil bearing reservoirs of oil fields in the Cuu Long basin, on the continental shelf of Vietnam”. Specifically, detailed evaluation studies have been carried out from geological characteristics, reservoir engineering, production to EOR mechanism to develop technical criteria for the process of manufacturing and evaluating the efficiency of the chemical system to optimise the laboratory scale, propose the production and injection scenarios to optimize the development plan as well as evaluate the efficiency of increasing oil recovery coefficient on the reservoir simulation model; conduct production at pilot scale and implement industrial application testing on the field scale for clastic oil bearing reservoir, Cuu Long basin.
The article presents the results of research, evaluation, selection and successful manufacture of a VPI SP chemical system based on the combined mechanism of anionic - non-ionic surfactants and polymers to ensure satisfying the harsh technical requirements of oil fields in Vietnam such as resistance to high temperature, high pressure, high mineralisation, very low surface tension, optimal micro-emulsion, low adsorption onto reservoir rocks, reducing residual oil saturation in the reservoir. Results of the evaluation of increased efficiency of oil recovery on actual samples of Miocene reservoir showed an increase of over 21%. The VPI SP chemical system has been included in the plan of industrial-scale testing by Vietsovpetro in Bach Ho and other producing fields in the clastic sections of the Cuu Long basin.
Filosofía y Poesía: un intersticio para (re)pensar la noción de ‘sujeto’.
Authors: Prado Carli , Pereyra Robledo Lucía 
Published: November 2021

La propuesta de esta narrativa es, por un lado, exponer una forma posible de la experiencia de dar talleres de filosofía por fuera del espacio académico y, por otro lado, acercar la experiencia particular del taller Filosofía y Poesía, a través de consideraciones en torno al abordaje de la noción de ‘sujeto’.
Este taller surge a partir de la necesidad de armar un espacio de experimentación en torno a una subjetividad que aparece en/a través de la escritura, al cual lo convoca dar una respuesta posible a la búsqueda de un hábitat propicio para pensar en torno al ‘sujeto’, teniendo que preguntarnos, inevitablemente, quién es aquel de quien estamos hablando e inclusive quién es ‘yo’. Echando mano de producciones de Audre Lorde, Gloria Anzaldúa, val flores, entre otres, pretendemos, además de contextualizar los modos de nuestro hacer en su carácter compartido, brindar materiales para pensar/nos y pensar una vinculación posible entre Filosofía y Poesía como disparador de otro pensar, de un pensar poético.
Meningkatkan Keterampilan dan Kreatifitas Santri Melalui Pengolahan Limbah Botol Plastik Menjadi Produk Siap Pakai
Authors: Wiemar Rosalinda , Rianingrum Cama Juli , Adisurya Susy Irma 
Published: November 2021

Seiring perkembangan teknologi dan kebutuhan masyarakat, produksi makanan dan minuman dalam kemasan berkembang pesat. Berbagai bahan digunakan sebagai wadah, sebagian besar berbahan plastik, khususnya sebagai wadah minuman. Selain relatif murah, ringan, higienis, juga dapat diproses ke dalam bentuk yang estetik dan fungsional. Sayangnya, bahan ini sangat sulit terurai, sehingga berpotensi menjadi limbah yang merusak lingkungan serta mengganggu pemandangan. Santri pondok pesantren adalah generasi muda penerus bangsa, selain utamanya belajar ilmu agama namun turut pula bertanggung jawab menjaga dan menyelamatkan lingkungan. Dengan pembiayaan mandiri, Pondok pesantren Raudhatul Ishlah memiliki keterbatasan dana dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan santri sehari-hari. Untuk itu, pelatihan yang memberikan keterampilan tambahan akan sangat bermanfaat bagi para santri. Metode pelatihan diawali dengan ceramah dasar tentang warna, prinsip desain, gambaran karya yang akan dibuat dan mencoba mengembangkan kreatifitas para santri dengan memanfaatkan limbah botol plastik dipadu padan dengan bahan alam yang ada di sekitar pesantren. Dari pelatihan ini, santri mendapat tambahan pengetahuan dan keterampilan bermanfaat sehingga lebih kreatif dan produktif. sehingga dapat membantu santri mengisi waktu luang dengan kegiatan positif serta menghasilkan produk sesuai dengan kebutuhan para santri di pondok pesantren
State-of-Knowledge and Guidance in EURAD Knowledge Management (Work Packages 11 State-of-Knowledge & 12 Guidance)
Authors: Göbel Astrid , Knuuti Tobias , Franzen Carola , Abbasova Dinara , Arnold Thuro , Brendler Vinzenz , Fuzik Kateryna , Faltejsek Jiří , Nős Bálint , Železnik Nadja , Mikšová Jitka 
Published: November 2021

Abstract. EURAD, the European Joint Programme on Radioactive Waste Management (RWM), is the European Research Programme on RWM, aimed at supporting member states with
the implementation of their national programmes. It brings together over
100 organisations from different backgrounds and countries, which work
together in RD&amp;D projects, Strategic Studies and Knowledge Management
(KM). The importance of KM is recognised by EURAD and reflected in a number of
activities. One essential activity is the capture of the current State-of-Knowledge in the field of RWM and its transfer to the implementation of the
different national programmes. This is done by different types of Knowledge
Documents that are made available through a dedicated IT tool (e.g. a
Wiki). The development of the individual EURAD KM documents is performed by
recognised experts. These experts will share their view on the most relevant
knowledge on a specific topic, highlighting safety functions and operational
aspects. Additionally, signposting to pre-existing documents is performed
(State-of-the-Art Documents, Scientific Papers, etc.). The hierarchy of the
works for the KM documents (Theme Overview, Domain Insight,
State-of-Knowledge, Guidance) is closely linked to the generic EURAD
Roadmap/GBS (Goals Breakdown Structure). It provides a hierarchical structure
that facilitates definition, organisation and communication of topics. All of
this allows knowledge to be captured and presented with the level of detail
that is required by the end-user, from a broad overview down to an increasing
level of detail (pyramid of knowledge). To ensure the quality and consistency
of the documents with the overall EURAD KM approach, quality assurance and
editorial procedures are applied. Collection of end-user feedback will aid the
optimisation and further development of the KM activities. To facilitate the
transfer of knowledge, the EURAD KM programme goes beyond documents and
strives to facilitate exchange between people and signpost to other resources,
such as Training and Mobility activities (also organised by EURAD Work
Package 13 Training &amp; Mobility) or Communities of Practice. All these
activities will contribute to a useful and end-user-friendly EURAD KM
programme that is designed to be operational well beyond the runtime of
EURAD-1. This presentation will provide further insight into the approaches,
status of work and an outlook on future activities that will support member
states with the implementation of their national programmes.
Influence of Indian Ocean dipole on rainfall variability and extremes over southern Africa
Authors: B. A. OGWANG , V. ONGOMA , Z. W. SHILENJE , T. S. RAMOTUBEI , M. LETUMA , J. N. NGAINA 
Published: November 2021

Extreme weather events; floods and droughts are common in southern Africa (SA) consisting of 8 countries (Botswana, Namibia, South Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, parts of Angola and Zambia). This study examines the linkage between the SA October-December (OND) rainfall, the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the South Atlantic Oscillation Dipole (SAOD). Empirical Orthogonal Functions (EOF) technique is used to establish the dominant mode of variability of OND rainfall, as correlation analysis is applied to quantify the relationship between the indices; IOD [Dipole Mode Index (DMI)], SAOD Index (SAODI) and OND rainfall variability. Results show that the dominant mode of variability of OND rainfall exhibits a dipole pattern over SA and there exists a significant correlation at 95% confidence level between the area average OND rainfall (rainfall index (RFI)) and DMI, with a correlation coefficient of -0.3. The relationship between the mean SA OND rainfall and the positive phase of IOD varies greatly in space, ranging from one country to another. Further analysis of the dry and wet of SAOND rainfall years reveal that wet years are associated with convergence at surface level (850 hPa) and divergence at upper level (200 hPa), depicting rising motion in the region, whereas dry years are associated with divergence at low level and convergence at upper level, implying descending motion. The study recommends further research on a reduced spatial scale, for instance at a country level to ascertain the effect of IOD on individual country’s weather. This will help in accurate monitoring of the evolution of IOD events to improve quality of seasonal weather forecasts in the region.
HERMENEUTIKA TEOLOGI PENTAKOSTA
Authors: Hinna Jefri 
Published: November 2021

The term hermeneutic comes from the Greek word hermeneuo, which means to convey (a thought or desire), explain (a speech), and translate (something from one language to another). This word is related to the god Hermes, a god in Greek mythology whose job is to convey the message of the gods to humans as recipients. Hermeneutics has always been used as the science and art of interpreting Scripture. It is important to note that hermeneutics is closely related to biblical studies, such as canon studies, textual criticism, historical criticism, exegesis, biblical theology and systematic theology.
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Istilah hermeneutic berasal dari kata Yunani hermeneuo, yang berarti menyampaikan (suatu pikiran atau keinginan), menjelaskan (suatu ucapan), dan menerjemahkan (sesuatu dari satu bahasa ke bahasa yang lain). Kata ini berhubungan dengan Dewa Hermes yaitu dewa dalam mitologi Yunani yang bertugas menyampaikan berita dari para dewa kepada manusia sebagai penerimanya.1 Hermeneutik selalu digunakan sebagai ilmu pengetahuan serta seni dari penafsiran kitab Suci. Penting untuk diperhatikan bahwa hermeneutik berkaitan erat dengan kajian-kajian alkitabiah, seperti, kajian kanon, kritik teks, kritik historis, eksegesis, teologi alkitabiah serta teologi sistematis.
History of the Development of Sekolah Tinggi Teologi Satyabhakti
Authors: Hinna Jefri 
Published: November 2021

Education is important for the current global changes. Education leads human beings to grow in knowledge as well. Charles A. Tidwel says, “Persons have an inherent capacity for growing and developing physically, intellectually, emotionally, and morally.” Furthermore, Tidwell emphasizes that human being is created by God as an intelligent being. Human beings are intelligent people and they will grow in their knowledge according to what they have learned in their life. They learn from what they have seen and heard, then will lead them into a change. To live means to change. Therefore, change is the essence of life. Change is inescapable and the Church today experience the change of the society.
Clark H. Pinnock, Flame of Love: A Theology of the Holy Spirit. Downers Grove: Intervarsity Press, 1996. 280 pp.
Authors: Wiyono Gani 
Published: November 2021

Flame of Love is written by Clark Pinnock of McMaster Divinity College, one of the most evangelical stimulating theologians today. It is basically a one-volume systematic theology with the Spirit as its central motif. Chapter one discusses the Spirit and the Trinity. Here, Pinnock develops a relational (or social) model of God which views Godhead as a community of love and mutuality.
Tanggung jawab Penggembalaan berdasarkan Perspektif 1 Petrus 5:1-4
Authors: Sapan Sara , Dominggus Dicky 
Published: November 2021

This article discusses pastoral responsibilities from the perspective of 1 Peter 5: 1-4. In general, the pastor's responsibility is to care for God's church in spirituality. But specifically Peter wrote the pastor's responsibilities such as not by force but by volunteering, not looking for one's own benefit but with enthusiasm and not using power but to be an example. This article aims to understand pastoral responsibility in the perspective of 1 Peter 5: 1-4 and find its implications for pastoral today. The method used in this study is a qualitative method with a Historical Gramatical approach. The shepherd's responsibility in 1 Peter 5: 1-4 is to serve not by force, to serve voluntarily, to serve without seeking personal gain, to serve with enthusiasm and to serve by example.
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Artikel ini membahas tanggung jawab penatua dalam kaitannya dengan penggembalaan terhadap jemaat Tuhan berdasarkan perspektif 1 Petrus 5:1-4. Secara umum, tanggung jawab gembala adalah memelihara jemaat Tuhan dalam hal kerohanian. Namun secara khusus Petrus memberikan deskripsi tanggung jawab tersebut secara terperinci sebagai tugas yang dilakukan tanpa dengan paksa melainkan dengan sukarela, tanpa mencari keuntungan diri sendiri melainkan dengan semangat dan tanpa menggunakan kekuasaan melainkan menjadi teladan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang tanggung jawab penggembalaan dalam perspektif 1 Petrus 5:1-4 dan menemukan implikasinya bagi penggembalan pada masa kini. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini merupakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan Historical Gramatical. Adapun tanggung jawab gembala di dalam 1 Petrus 5:1-4 adalah melayani tanpa dengan terpaksa, melayani dengan sukarela, melayani tanpa mencari keuntungan pribadi, melayani dengan semangat dan melayani dengan memberi teladan.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Model Problem Based Learning pada Matakuliah Filologi Berbasis Budaya “Aksara Mbojo” untuk Mengembangkan Kreativitas Mahasiswa
Authors: Suryaningsih Lili , Pratama Sandi Achmad 
Published: November 2021

Pengembangan pembelajaran yang memanfaatkan model pembelajaran problem based learning. Model pembelajaran yang menekankan pada pengembangan keterampilan berpikir dan penyelesaian masalah. Model Pembelajaran PBL menerapkan pendekatan pemberian masalah autentik pada siswa. Pemberian masalah tersebut, siswa dapat mengumpulkan fakta, mengkonstruksi pengetahuan, menumbuh kembangkan keterampilan berpikir, melatih kemandirian, dan meningkatkan kepercayaan diri. Tahapan Problem Based Learning, yaitu (a) Mengidentifikasi masalah. (b) Mengumpulkan data. (c) Menganalisis data. (d) Memecahkan masalah berdasarkan data yang ada dan analisisnya. (e) Memilih cara untuk memecahkan masalah. (f) Merencanakan penerapan pemecahan masalah. (g) Melakukan ujicoba terhadap rancana yang ditetapkan, dan (h) Melakukan tindakan (action) untuk memecahkan masalah. Sesuai dengan tujuan PBL untuk menumbuhkan sikap ilmiah, dari beberapa bentuk PBL yang dikemukakan para ahli dalam pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran berbasis masalah, siswa dituntut untuk berpikir secara kritis dan ilmiah dalam melaksanakan setiap langkah-langkah pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Untuk memberikan kebebasan kepada siswa untuk berkreasi, ilmiah langkah berpikir dengan mengumpulkan data dari hasil belajar, kemudian siswa dapat menginterpretasikan, menganalisis, dan akhirnya sampai pada kesimpulan. sehingga diharapkan siswa belajar prestasi akan meningkat. Penelitian ini mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran yang meliputi: Buku teks, RPS, LKS serta instrumen untuk kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa yang mengacu pada model 4-D (Define, Design, Mengembangkan, dan Deiseminasi). Berdasarkan hasil analisis deskriptif, Model Alat Pembelajaran Khusus matakuliah Filologi "Naskah Aksara" untuk Melatih Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa dikategorikan “sangat baik”, ditunjuk oleh terpenuhnya enam kriteria perangkat pembelajaran yang baik yang meliputi (a) Valid menurut validator, (b) Efektif atas kemampuan Peneliti/Dosen dalam mengelola pembelajaran, (c) Efektif bagi mahasiswa kegiatan dalam pembelajaran, (d) Positif terhadap respon siswa terhadap pembelajaran, (e) Valid, reliabel, dan peka terhadap THB, dan (f) tercapai ketuntasan belajar klasikal.