bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Top Ventilation on Cooling Characteristics of Passenger Cabin
Authors: Chen Suifan , Meng Zhiwei , Li Qipeng , Huang Feng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In order to solve the hot soak effect of car during summer parking, the CFD numerical method was used to simulate the cooling law of passenger cabin under different inlet area, inlet velocity and inlet angle at the top vent. From the two dimensions of cooling rate and cooling effect, the influence of top natural ventilation and top forced ventilation on the cooling characteristics of passenger cabin were studied. The results show that under the condition of top natural ventilation, the cabin can reach thermal balance at about 10 min under different vent area conditions, and the cooling rate is the largest when the vent is fully opened, and the minimum temperature can reach about 45 °C within 4 min, which is 10 °C higher than the ambient temperature. Under forced ventilation, the inlet velocity has a great influence on the cooling rate and cooling effect of cabin. When the inlet angle is 90° and the inlet velocity is 5 m / s, the cooling rate is the largest and the cooling effect is the best.
Prevalence of Erectile Dysfunction According to Chronic Comorbid Health Conditions: a Cross-sectional Study.
Authors: Lisco Giuseppe , Bartolomeo Nicola , Ramunni Maria Isabella , De Tullio Anna , Carbone Matteo Domenico , Guastamcchia Edoardo , Triggiani Vincenzo , Giagulli Vito Angelo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) increases along with the burden of chronic diseases. This retrospective study aimed to assess the prevalence and severity of ED according to the levels of chronic comorbidities.Material and Methods. Two hundred twenty-two outpatients referred to the Outpatients Clinic of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease of Conversano Hospital (Italy) with ED complaints from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively eligible for this cross-sectional study. The ED severity and comorbidities burden were assessed by the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire (IIEF-5) and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). A modified index (mCCI) was developed to integrate other common risk factors for ED and was compared to the original tool. The primary outcome was to assess the prevalence of ED according to the severity of CCI. The secondary outcomes included the correlation between 1) IIEF-5 and total testosterone (TT); 2) CCI and TT; 3) IIEF-5 and CCI. Finally, the performance of the CCI and mCCI were compared.Results. The overall prevalence of ED increased along with the CCI score: 45% (5 on 11) for CCI=0; 95% (19 on 20) for CCI=1; 91% (29 on 32) for CCI=2; 99% (158 on 160) for CCI≥3 (p<.0001) Moreover, IIEF-5 score was directly correlated with TT levels (r=0.67; p<.0001). CCI correlated with both TT levels and IIEF-5 score (r=-0.34 and -0.44; p<.0001, respectively). Finally, a lower IIEF-5 score was significantly and independently associated with higher age and CCI as well as lower TT and SHBG. Compared to the CCI, an equal performance was also found with the mCCI.Discussion. Our results showed that CCI and mCCI are reliable tools to assess the presence and severity of ED among outpatients referred to the endocrine center. However, some limitations should be considered, including the number of participants, which appeared underpowered; the single-center experience; possible underestimation of CCI referred to a diagnostic delay of included comorbidities; arbitrary assignment of burden-points to hypertension dyslipidemia and cigarette smoking.Conclusion. The present study found that CCI, a validated tool to assess the burden of comorbidities, correlates with both the prevalence and severity of ED. This confirms that ED is a reliable proxy of overall male health, but further studies are needed to confirm this potential application.
Recirculatory Fibrinolytic-Assisted External Ventricular Drainage (EVD) for Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Authors: QIN Zhen , Kwok John Ching Kwong , Woo Peter Yat Ming , Yim Carmen , Chon Chi Hang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Elevated intracranial pressure and acute obstructive hydrocephalus secondary to intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) can be treated by external ventricular drainage (EVD). The treatment time and the risk of EVD-related complications can be reduced with fibrinolytic agents’ instillation via an EVD catheter, but previous clinical trial results did not reveal a significant improvement in terms of long-term functional outcomes. A recirculatory fibrinolytic-assisted EVD system was designed. The clot dissolution effectiveness of the system under different drug dosages and fluid flow rates was tested in an ex vivo model.
Results

The results showed that the mean clot mass was quickly reduced in an initial fibrinolytic agent dose-independent stage, followed by a dose-dependent stage. Elevating fibrinolytic agent dosages beyond a certain threshold did not contribute to shorter dissolution times. Optimal treatment parameters for such a system were determined. A recirculatory flow rate of 10–18 ml/min with a low-dose of 30 000–60 000 IU of uPA resulted in an 80% clot mass reduction within four hours.
Conclusions

This recirculating fibrinolytic system is a promising novel modification of conventional IVH treatment that could reduce clot dissolution times and procedure-related complications.
Nanoparticle Synthesis from Biowaste and Its Potential as an Antimicrobial Agent
Authors: Saffar Rishana , PV Athira , Kalita Kangkana , Manuel Suba G A , N Pradeep 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Biosynthesized nanoparticles are gaining more importance because of their unique biological applications and can be synthesised using biowastes like fruit peels that acts as a better alternative against conventional physical and chemical methods. This work reports an ecofriendly, reliable and cost-effective synthesis of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ag and ZnO NPs) chemically and biologically using fresh peel extracts of Punica granatum and Musa acuminata. The synthesised nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS). The size of chemically and biosynthesized Ag and ZnO NPs ranged around 12-20 nm and 0.4-24 nm respectively. Both biosynthesized Ag and ZnO NPs were found to be nanospheres whereas chemically synthesised ZnO NPs were nanoflakes and showed maximum absorbance in the range of 250-550nm. Antimicrobial properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were assessed by well diffusion method against Gram negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. Biosynthesized Ag NPs were found to be more efficient against E. coli as compared to ZnO NPs wherein biosynthesized M. acuminata Ag NPs exhibiting maximum zone of inhibition (28.4±14.66mm). Similarly, biosynthesized ZnO NPs were more efficient against B. subtilis as compared to biosynthesized Ag NPs wherein biosynthesized P. granatum ZnO NPs exhibiting maximum zone of inhibition (14.08±3.03mm). Hence biosynthesized NPs can be exploited as a potential candidate for antimicrobial agents. Scientific and systematic use of biowaste for NPs synthesis could in turn result in a sustainable solution for waste management.
Preparation of skin care product using coccinia abyssinica tuber extract
Authors: Berhanu Mulugeta 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Anchote (Coccinia abyssinica) is highly nutritious crop which is mostly cultivated in Wollega Zone, Oromia Regional State of Ethiopia. Anchote tubers are rich in calcium and starch which are essential for healthy skin. Thus, a new skin cream was formulated using coccinia abyssinica tuber extract for the purpose of moistening and nourishing the skin. Coccinia abyssinica tuber extract was prepared by maceration extraction method. Then, tuber extract of coccinia abyssinica was mixed with ingredients such as thickening agents, humectant, emollient, antioxidant, preservatives and fragrance to prepare a new skin cream. A newly prepared skin care product was applied to the human skin. The skin became soft, attractive and supple after using this new skin cream. It didn’t cause any side effects on the human body. The current study revealed that coccinia abyssinica skin care product enrich the body with nutrients and useful minerals.
National trends of childhood vaccination coverage in Bangladesh: Understanding gaps from 2011, 2014 and 2017-18 Demographic and Health Surveys data
Authors: Kundu Satyajit , Kundu Subarna , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Okyere Joshua , Ghosh Susmita , Hossain Ahmed , Alshahrani Najim Z. , Banna Md. Hasan Al 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Vaccination is a safe and cost-effective strategy for protecting children from life-threatening diseases. This study aimed to investigate the changes over time in proportion of vaccination coverage across demographic subgroups in Bangladesh.
Method

Vaccination coverage for children 12–59 months of age was obtained from Bangladesh’s 2011, 2014, and 2017-18 Demographic and Health Surveys. Three multivariable binary logistic regression models with complete vaccination status at each survey data were used to generate adjusted odds ratios to uncover immunization variations across socio-demographic categories. Further, to detect potential geographic disparities, changes over time were analyzed at both the country and district levels.
Findings

Vaccination coverage grew from 88.1% in 2011 to 89.2% in 2017–2018, indicating a gap of more than ten percent for complete immunization coverage among children aged 12–59 months. Children aged 23–35 were more likely to have full vaccination compared to those aged 12–23 in 2011 (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.3–1.9), 2014 (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.3-2.0), and 2017-18 (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1–1.7). The likelihood of full vaccination of children increased with maternal education with the highest odds among women with higher education in 2011 (AOR = 7.2, 95% CI = 4.0-12.9), 2014 (AOR = 4.0, 95% CI = 2.7–5.9), and 2017-18 (AOR = 5.8, 95% CI = 3.5–9.6) compared to those with no formal education. Children born to mothers who lived in urban areas were more likely to have full vaccination in 2011 (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.3–1.8), 2014 (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2–1.7), and 2017-18 (AOR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1–1.7) compared to those who lived in rural areas. Children born to mothers who had at least 4 ANC visits were more likely to have full vaccination compared to those with less than 3 ANC visits in 2011 (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2-2.0), 2014 (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2-2.0), and 2017-18 (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2–2.1 During these three surveys, Rangpur division had the highest vaccine coverage rate, while Sylhet division had the lowest vaccination coverage.
Conclusion

Although there was an improvement in these nationally representative surveys from 2011 to 2017-18, a portion of children still needs to be vaccinated to ensure full immunization coverage. To achieve 100% immunization coverage for all Bangladeshi children, policymakers must integrate vaccine programs with personalized health messaging and assurances of health safety for impoverished children and low-educated mothers. Increased institutional deliveries and prenatal care visits by mothers could assist increase their children's vaccination coverage.
Features of growth of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] plants depending on the width of rows and seeding rate in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
Authors: Pravdyva L. A. 
Published: July 2021

Purpose. To establish the optimal row spacing and so­wing rate of sorghum seeds of grain varieties ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ and ‘Vinets’, to substantiate their influence on the growing season and biometric parameters of plants in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical.
Results. The most intensive growth and development of sorghum plants was observed when sowing seeds with a row spacing of 45 cm and a seeding rate of 200 thousand pieces/ha. In particular, the duration of the growing season under such conditions was the smallest: 108 days for the ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ variety and 106 days for the ‘Vinets’ variety. At the same time, the indicators of field seeds germination, plant height and stem diameter were maximum in the experiment: ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ – 88.7%, 137.3 cm and 1.7 cm, ‘Vinets’ – 86.9%, 121.8 cm and 1.6 cm, respectively. It was found that an increase in seeding rate reduced indicators of productive tillering, leaf area and weight per plant. The most intense tillering of sorghum plants was observed at a seeding rate of 150 and 200 thousand pieces/ha for all the studied variants of the row spacing: on average, up to two panicles well filled with grain per plant, depending on the varietal characte­ristics. At the rate of 250 thousand pieces/ha, tillering of plants in both varieties was somewhat weaker – 1.0–1.1 panicles per plant. The largest indicators of leaf surface area and weight of one plant were with a row spacing of 45 cm: 1528–2320 cm2 and 169.2–185.6 g in the variety ‘Dniprovskyi 39’ and 1476–2180 cm2 and 143.1–162.3 g in the variety ‘Vinets’ depending on planting density. Reduction of row spacing up to 15 cm and its increase up to 70 cm led to a decrease in the main parameters of plant growth and development.
Conclusions. Sorghum plants developed better when sown with a row spacing of 45 cm and a seeding rate of 200 thousand pieces/ha, which were recommended for growing crops in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.
The Linkage “Body Mass Index-Insomnia Levels-Eating Disorder Flexibility”
in Italian Nurses During the Covid-19 Outbreak: A Psychoendocrinological
Employment Disease
Authors: Vitale Elsa , Galatola Vito , Mea Rocco , Di Dio Francesca , Canonico Anna 
Published: July 2021

Aim:
To evaluate differences between insomnia condition and the flexibility attitude to
eat in Italian nurses directly involved in the care of patients affected by Covid-19 according to sex,
Body Mass Index, shift working condition and incidence of new Covid-19 cases in the region of
participants. Moreover, any correlations between the insomnia condition and the flexibile attitude
to eat have been investigated.

Methods:
An online questionnaire was administered in October 2020, which included: the socio-demographic
section, the insomnia condition assessment and the behavioral flexibility evaluation to
develop in connection with developing an eating disorder.

Results:
341 Italian nurses answered the questionnaire. Regarding the insomnia condition levels,
nurses belonging to regions with a higher incidence rate of the Covid-19 pandemic recorded higher
levels of insomnia than others (p=.004). Females and nurses belonging to regions with lower
Covid-19 incidence rate recorded a significant higher total eating flexibility attitude (p=.003;
p<.001), also, in the Food and Exercise flexibility (p=.007; p<.001). As regards the flexibility attitude
for weight and shape, significant differences were recorded among nurses according to their
BMI values (p<.001) and to their incidence rate of the belonging region (p<.001). The insomnia
condition levels significantly correlated with the flexibility attitude to eat both in its total score
(p=.010), in the general score (p=.010) and in the weight and shape score (p<.001). All correlations
between the insomnia conditions and the flexibility to eat were significantly inverse with the exception
for of the food and exercise dimension. All the flexibility attitudes to eat sub dimensions significantly
correlated among them (p<.001).

Conclusion:
There was a direct correlation among socio-demographic factors, BMI values, insomnia
and behavioral flexibility scores in Italian nurses so, it could be assumed that the nursing profession
is at risk of developing a metabolic syndrome condition and, therefore, it could be considered
as a psychoendocrinological employment disease during the Covid-19 outbreak.
Convolutional Neural Network Based Intelligent Advertisement Search Framework for Online English Newspapers
Authors: Jain Pooja , Taneja Kavita , Taneja Harmunish 
Published: July 2021

Background:Instant access to desired information is the key element for building an intelligent environment creating value for people and steering towards society 5.0. Online newspapers are one such example which provide instant access to information anywhere and anytime on our mobiles, tablets, laptops, desktops, etc. But when it comes to searching for a specific advertisement in newspapers, online newspapers do not provide easy advertisement search options. Also, there are no specialized search portals which can provide for keyword-based advertisement search across multiple online newspapers. As a result, to find a specific advertisement in multiple newspapers, a sequential manual search is required across a range of online newspapers.Objective:This research paper proposes a keyword-based advertisement search framework to provide an instant access to the relevant advertisements from online English newspapers in a category of reader’s choice.Method:First, an image extraction algorithm is proposed which can identify and extract the images from online newspapers without using any rules on advertisement placement and/or size. It is followed by a proposed deep learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model named ‘Adv_Recognizer’ which is used to separate the advertisement images from non-advertisement images. Another CNN Model, ‘Adv_Classifier’, is proposed, which classifies the advertisement images into four pre-defined categories. Finally, Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technique is used to perform keyword-based advertisement searches in various categories across multiple newspapers.Results:The proposed image extraction algorithm can easily extract all types of well-bounded images from different online newspapers and this algorithm is used to create ‘English newspaper image dataset’ of 11,000 images, including advertisements and non-advertisements. The proposed ‘Adv_Recognizer’ model separates advertisement and non-advertisement images with an accuracy of around 97.8%. and the proposed ‘Adv_Classifier’ model classifies the advertisements in four predefined categories exhibiting an accuracy of around 73.5%.Conclusion:The proposed framework will help newspaper readers in performing exhaustive advertisement searches across a range of online English newspapers in a category of their own interest. It will also help in carrying out advertisement analysis and studies.
A Review of Synthesis and Applications of Boron Nitride Nanotubes
(BNNTs) with Future Prospects
Authors: Yusuf Mohd , Khan Shafat Ahmad 
Published: July 2021

:
Emerging nanotechnology in the early 1990s introduced nanoscaled and advanced materials such as Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) with specific chemical structures and exceptionally unique properties. Among various nanostructures, particularly nanotubes have shown their specific values due to their inherent characteristics. With time, new vistas were opened for developing other nanotube-based materials due to their remarked mechanical strength and versatile applications. In recent decades, BNNTs with promising applicability have been synthesized via several methods. This review highlights the synthetic strategies of Boron Nitride Nanotubes (BNNTs) with their potential applications in various applied sectors, including energy, electronics, and biomedical applications.
Case Reports: Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Phosphate, an Inducer of Heme Oxygenase 1, in Combination with Sodium Ferrous Citrate for the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Kaketani Kazutoshi , Nakajima Motowo 
Published: July 2021

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic is the greatest life-threatening disaster currently facing the worldwide population. COVID-19 patients with concomitant diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiovascular problems quickly develop severe pneumonia with low arterial oxygen saturation and multiorgan failure, resulting in sudden death. These symptoms are caused by deadly inflammation that occurs in various organs.

Objective:
Various types of inflammation caused by RNA virus infection have been known to be manageable by the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in local tissues. HO-1 is also known to be a key enzyme for the suppression of RNA viral replication. Therefore, in addition to standard medical care for pneumonic viral infection, we have attempted to treat COVID-19 patients with a highly effective HO-1 inducer, 5-aminolevulinic acid phosphate, in combination with ferrous sodium citrate (5-ALA with SFC).

Methods:
5-ALA with SFC is a supplement formulation registered in Japan as food with functional claims. Six patients with typical symptoms of COVID-19 and some suspected COPD associated with heavy smoking were given oral administration of multiple doses of 5-ALA with SFC at the Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) for 3 to 7 days, followed by treatment with a lower amount of 5-ALA with SFC for 2 to 3 weeks.

Results and Conclusion:
Each patient's recovery time was considerably shorter than reported for patients who received only standard care for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results confirm the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of 5-ALA with SFC as a therapeutic supplement for patients with acute-phase COVID-19.