bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of function‐limiting late effects in Hodgkin lymphoma survivors
Authors: Enam Nabela , Chou Kathy , Stubblefield Michael D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHodgkin lymphoma (HL) is highly curable, but survivors often develop function‐limiting impairments. Screening guidelines for neuromuscular and musculoskeletal late effects are not as well recognized across medical disciplines. Early identification and management of functional late effects are instrumental in improving the longitudinal care of HL survivors.ObjectiveTo define the prevalence of neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, visceral, oncologic, and other late effects affecting function and quality of life (QOL) in HL survivors.DesignA retrospective cohort analysis.SettingOutpatient cancer rehabilitation clinic.ParticipantsOne hundred HL survivors.InterventionsNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence of neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, visceral, oncologic, and other late effects contributing to functional impairment and disability in HL survivors.ResultsAmong the 100 HL survivors, 43% received chemotherapy, 94% radiation therapy, and 38% a combination of chemo‐radiation for their initial cancer treatment. Nearly all HL survivors were diagnosed with myelopathy (83%), radiculoplexopathy (93%), mononeuropathy (95%), and localized myopathy (93%). Musculoskeletal sequelae included dropped head syndrome (83%), cervicalgia (79%), shoulder girdle dysfunction (73%), and dysphagia (42%). Visceral disorders included cardiovascular (70%), pulmonary (44%), endocrine (63%), gastrointestinal (29%), and genitourinary (11%) dysfunction. Lymphedema affected 21% of survivors and 30% had a history of a secondary malignancy. Pain (71%), fatigue (45%), and dyspnea (43%) were major function‐limiting impairments. Nearly all (95%) of survivors were referred to at least one therapy discipline including physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech and language pathology, and/or lymphedema therapy.ConclusionNeuromuscular, musculoskeletal, visceral, oncologic, and other late effects are extremely common in HL survivors seeking physiatric evaluation. Multiple function‐limiting disorders can coexist in HL survivors with the potential to severely compromise function and QOL. Safe and effective rehabilitation may depend on the physiatrist's ability to identify, evaluate, and manage the multitude of complex and often interrelated functional late effects seen in HL survivors.
Accelerating optical reporting for conformation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in solutions
Authors: Wang Feng , Vasilyev Vladislav 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present study has been developing a robust quantum mechanical (QM) conformational sampling method (PrefQMCon) for optical reporting of 4‐anilinoquinazoline derivatives based epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinases inhibitors. We use AG‐1478 to demonstrate how PrefQMCon helps QM determination of 22 target drug conformer clusters and their properties and UV–vis spectra. In this method, the preferred conformers of AG‐1478 are obtained by density functional theory (DFT) optimization from conformational local minimum sampling around the identified rotatable bonds, followed by clustering analysis and time‐dependent (TD) DFT calculations for the UV–vis spectra in solvents. Such obtained preferred conformers agree well with earlier experimental measurements where the conformer dependent UV–Vis spectral shift of AG‐1478 is as large as ~15 nm. We are further developing this PrefQMCon to study and design other 4‐anilinoquinazoline derivatives of EGFR TKIs.
Characterization of metabolic fate of phellodendrine and its potential pharmacological mechanism against diabetes mellitus by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐coupled time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and network pharmacology
Authors: Zhang Feng‐Xiang , Yuan Yu‐Lin‐Lan , Cui Shuang‐Shuang , Li Min , Li Rui‐Man 
Published: June 2021

RationaleCharacterizing the functional mechanism of quality control marker (Q‐marker) was of great importance in revealing the primary pharmacological mechanism of herbs or the other complex system, and drug‐related metabolites always contribute to the pharmacological functions. Cortex Phellodendri was used as a core herb in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). As a Q‐marker of Cortex Phellodendri, the role of phellodendrine in DM was still unclear. Thus, the characterization of phellodendrine‐related metabolites in vivo and the subsequent induced functional mechanism exerted great importance in elucidating the anti‐DM mechanism of Cortex Phellodendri.MethodsAn ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐coupled time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q‐TOF MS) method was developed to profile metabolites of phellodendrine in rats. The potential pharmacological mechanism against DM was predicted by network pharmacology.ResultsA total of 19 phellodendrine‐related metabolites were screened out in rats for the first time. Among them, M4, M5, M9, and M12 were regarded as the primary metabolites. Meanwhile, phase I metabolic reactions of hydroxylation, demethylation, and isomerization and phase II reactions of glucuronidation and sulfation occurred to phellodendrine; glucuronidation and hydroxylation were the two main metabolic reactions. Moreover, the potential targets of phellodendrine and three main metabolites (M4, M5, and M12) were predicted by a network pharmacological method, and they mainly shared 52 targets, including PDE5A, CHRNA3, SIGMAR1, F3, ESR1, DRD1, DRD2, DRD3, and DRD4. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that calcium signaling pathway, cGMP‐PKG signaling pathway, and cAMP signaling pathway were regarded as the core mechanism of phellodendrine to treat DM.ConclusionThe metabolic feature of phellodendrine in vivo was revealed for the first time, and its anti‐DM mechanism information for further pharmacological validations was also supplied. It also gave a direction to further elucidation of pharmacological mechanism of Cortex Phellodendri in treating DM.
Industrial control via application containers: Maintaining determinism in IAAS
Authors: Hofer Florian , Sehr Martin , Sangiovanni‐Vincentelli Alberto , Russo Barbara 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIndustry 4.0 is changing data collection, storage, and analysis in industrial processes fundamentally, enabling novel applications such as flexible manufacturing of highly customized products. However, real‐time control of these processes has not yet realized its full potential in using the collected data to drive further development. Indeed, typical industrial control systems are tailored to the plant they need to control, reusing, and adapting to challenge. In the past, the need to solve plant‐specific problems overshadowed the benefits of physically isolating a control system from its plant. We believe that modern virtualization techniques, specifically application containers, present a unique opportunity to decouple control from plants. This separation permits us to fully realize the potential for highly distributed and transferable industrial processes even with real‐time constraints arising from time‐critical subprocesses. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities of shifting industrial control software from dedicated hardware to bare‐metal servers or (edge) cloud computing platforms using off‐the‐shelf technology, that is, technologies commercially available. We present a migration architecture and show, using a specifically developed orchestration tool, that containerized applications can run on shared resources without compromising scheduled execution within given time constraints. Through latency and computational performance experiments, we explore three system setups' limits and summarize lessons learned.
Harmonious or disjointed?: Epistemological framing and its role in an integrated science and engineering activity
Authors: Schellinger Jennifer , Jaber Lama Z. , Southerland Sherry A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractScience reforms in national K‐12 science education standards position engineering as a discipline that can be productively integrated into science curricula. This integrated approach presents science as foundational to engineering and engineering as a tool to contextualize and reinforce science ideas such that students come to develop understandings about the natural and engineered worlds. To better understand if integrating engineering into science classrooms achieves the promise described in national reforms, we explored how elementary school students came to understand what is expected of them when asked to engage in an integrated science and engineering unit and whether their understandings represent epistemologically productive ways of integrating the doing of science and engineering. For this purpose, we examined video recordings, transcripts, and classroom artifacts of tasks from a 9‐week unit contextualized in an engineering challenge in which students engaged in activities to explore, design, and build simple circuits devices to develop explanations of energy movement in a circuit. Our findings suggest that an integrated approach may be more problematic than promising; while at times students took up integrated tasks as opportunities to wonder about, question, and explore materials that sparked their interest, their framing of the tasks did not align with the vision for integration called for in current reform documents.
Analysis on an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine with a Non‐uniform Halbach Array
Authors: Hong Tao , Di Chong , Li Shihao , Bao Xiaohua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHalbach array has been more frequently used in the field of electromagnetism in recent days because of some unique advantages such as the self‐shielding and sinusoidal field distribution. In order to reduce the impact of the high order harmonic content of the air‐gap flux density of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) on the performance of the machine, a new non‐uniform Halbach array structure is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an equivalent analytical model is established to analyze the influence on the air‐gap flux density. At the same time, the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor model is built by using the finite element analysis. Then, the relationship between the air‐gap flux density and the four design parameters (the thickness of the permanent magnet, the magnetization angle, the angle of the permanent magnet, and the proportion of auxiliary magnetic poles) is analyzed by using the Taguchi method orthogonal experiment. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of air‐gap magnetic fields and its fundamental harmonic amplitude are employed as the evaluation criteria. Finally, the effectiveness of this optimization method is verified by comparing the harmonic content of the air‐gap flux density before and after the optimization. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Thiamethoxam‐induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and disturbance of steroidogenic genes in male rats: Palliative role of Saussurea lappa and Silybum marianum
Authors: Habotta Ola A. , Ateya Ahmed , Saleh Rasha M. , El‐Ashry Eman S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThiamethoxam (TMX) belongs to the neonicotinoid insecticide family and may evoke marked endocrine disruption. In this study, the reproductive toxicity of TMX on male rats was assessed along with the ability of Saussurea lappa (costus roots) and/or Silybum marianum extract (SM) to alleviate TMX toxicity. Male rats were allocated to seven groups and orally treated daily for 4 weeks: Control (saline), Costus (200 mg/kg), SM (150 mg/kg), TMX (78.15 mg/kg), TMX‐costus, TMX‐SM, and TMX‐costus‐SM (at the aforementioned doses). Compared with control group, TMX administration induced reductions in testicular levels of glutathione and antioxidant activities of SOD and CAT. In addition, TMX‐exposed rats showed lower serum testosterone hormonal levels as well as higher malondialdehyde and nitric acid levels were detected in TMX‐administered rats. On a molecular basis, mRNA expressions of StAR, CYP17a, 3β‐HSD, SR‐B1, and P450scc genes were significantly down‐regulated in TMX group, whereas the expression of LHR and aromatase genes was up‐regulated. Moreover, TMX‐induced testicular damage was confirmed by histopathological screening. Importantly, however, the administration of either costus roots or SM significantly alleviated all aforementioned TMX‐induced changes, indicating the effective antioxidant activities of these plant products. Interestingly, simultaneous treatment with costus root and SM provided better protection against TMX reproduction toxicity than treatment with either agent alone.
Clinical management of patients with drug‐induced liver injury (DILI)
Authors: Björnsson Einar S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDrug‐induced liver injury (DILI) should be considered in all patients with recent elevation of liver tests without obvious etiology and normal hepatobiliary imaging. There is currently no biomarker that is helpful in diagnosis which relies on clinical and laboratory findings. Diagnosis is dependent on temporal relationship with a recently started drug or herbal and dietary supplement and elevated liver tests with exclusion of competing etiologies. The implicated agent should be discontinued and the patient should be observed closely. This is particularly important in patients with jaundice who have approximately 10% risk of liver related mortality and/or need for liver transplantation. There is no specific therapy for DILI which is only symptomatic such as for itching. Patients with jaundice and coagulopathy usually require hospitalization.
Transvaginal sonography determines accurately extent of infiltration of rectosigmoid deep endometriosis
Authors: Aas‐Eng M. K. , Lieng M. , Dauser B. , Diep L. M. , Leonardi M. , Condous G. , Hudelist G. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the agreement of measurements of the three diameters of rectosigmoid deep endometriosis (DE) lesions between presurgical evaluation using transvaginal sonography (TVS) and postsurgical specimen measurement (PSM).MethodsThis was a prospective observational multicenter study including symptomatic women undergoing surgical treatment for DE involving the rectosigmoid, by either discoid or segmental resection, from April 2017 to December 2019. TVS was performed presurgically to evaluate lesion size (craniocaudal–midsagittal length, anteroposterior thickness and transverse diameter), in accordance with the International Deep Endometriosis Analysis (IDEA) group consensus statement, and was compared with PSM. The agreement of lesion dimensions between the two methods was assessed by Bland–Altman plots and limits of agreement and additionally by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Systematic and proportional bias was assessed using the paired t‐test.ResultsA total of 207 consecutive women were eligible for inclusion. Forty‐one women were excluded, leaving 166 women for final analysis. A total of 123 segmental resections and 46 discoid resections were performed (both procedures were performed in three women). The mean difference between TVS and PSM was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.85–0.95) mm for lesion length measurements, 1.03 (95% CI, 0.98–1.09) mm for lesion thickness measurements and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.79–0.89) mm for transverse diameter measurements. Bland–Altman analysis demonstrated good agreement between the two methods for measurements of lesion length. Furthermore, there was good reliability and correlation between TVS and PSM for lesion length measurements, as demonstrated by an ICC of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.75–0.87) and Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.62–0.80), moderate‐to‐good reliability and correlation for lesion thickness measurements, with an ICC of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.67–0.82) and Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.61 (95% CI, 0.51–0.70), and poor‐to‐moderate reliability and correlation for transverse diameter measurements, with an ICC of 0.58 (95% CI, 0.39–0.71) and Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.46 (95% CI, 0.33–0.58).ConclusionPreoperative TVS determines accurately rectosigmoid DE lesion length. TVS can thereby contribute to optimal planning of surgical treatment options in women with rectosigmoid DE. © 2021 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Experimentally validated three‐dimensional computational aerodynamics of wind turbine blade sections featuring leading edge erosion cavities
Authors: Campobasso Michele Sergio , Castorrini Alessio , Cappugi Lorenzo , Bonfiglioli Aldo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWind turbine blade leading edge erosion reduces the lift and increases the drag of the blade airfoils. This occurrence, in turn, reduces turbine power and energy yield. This study focuses on the aerodynamic analysis of large and sparse erosion cavities, observed in intermediate to advanced erosion stages, whose size and surface pattern do not lend themselves to experimental and numerical analysis by means of distributed roughness models alone. Making use of three‐dimensional Navier‐Stokes computational fluid dynamics enhanced by laminar‐to‐turbulent transition modeling, and geometrically resolving individual erosion cavities, the study validates this simulation‐based approach for predicting the aerodynamics and performance loss of blade sections featuring the aforementioned erosion cavities against available experimental data. It is found that the considered cavities can trigger transition, indicating the necessity of both resolving their geometry in the simulations and also modeling distributed surface roughness, of typically lower level, as this latter affects the properties of boundary layers and, if sufficiently high, may trigger transition over the entire spanwise length affected. The energy yield loss of a utility‐scale turbine due to the considered erosion pattern is found to be between 2.1% and 2.6% using measured and computed force data of the nominal and eroded outboard blade airfoil. A parametric analysis of the cavity geometry suggests that the geometry of the cavity edge has a much larger impact on aerodynamic performance than the cavity depth.
Biomaterials and nanomaterials for sustained release vaccine delivery
Authors: Luzuriaga Michael A. , Shahrivarkevishahi Arezoo , Herbert Fabian C. , Wijesundara Yalini H. , Gassensmith Jeremiah J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVaccines are considered one of the most significant medical advancements in human history, as they have prevented hundreds of millions of deaths since their discovery; however, modern travel permits disease spread at unprecedented rates, and vaccine shortcomings like thermal sensitivity and required booster shots have been made evident by the COVID‐19 pandemic. Approaches to overcoming these issues appear promising via the integration of vaccine technology with biomaterials, which offer sustained‐release properties and preserve proteins, prevent conformational changes, and enable storage at room temperature. Sustained release and thermal stabilization of therapeutic biomacromolecules is an emerging area that integrates material science, chemistry, immunology, nanotechnology, and pathology to investigate different biocompatible materials. Biomaterials, including natural sugar polymers, synthetic polyesters produced from biologically derived monomers, hydrogel blends, protein–polymer blends, and metal–organic frameworks, have emerged as early players in the field. This overview will focus on significant advances of sustained release biomaterial in the context of vaccines against infectious disease and the progress made towards thermally stable “single‐shot” formulations.This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
Vereinbarkeit von Pflege und Beruf: generelle und aktuelle Herausforderungen Betroffener
Authors: Eggert Simon , Teubner Christian , Budnick Andrea , Gellert Paul 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Thema Vereinbarkeit von Beruf und Pflege ist in Deutschland gesellschaftlich relevant und nimmt zukünftig weiter an Bedeutung zu. Schon heute sind zwei von drei pflegenden Angehörigen unter 65 Jahren erwerbstätig. Arbeitnehmende, die privat Pflegeaufgaben übernehmen, stehen oft vor erheblichen Herausforderungen und drohen überdies dem Arbeitsmarkt teilweise oder vollständig entzogen zu werden. Gleichzeitig sind pflegende Angehörige die Basis der pflegerischen Versorgung im Sinne des SGB XI in Deutschland.Vereinbarkeitskonflikte werden in der Forschung als bedeutsame Stressoren für erwerbstätige pflegende Angehörige gesehen, positive Arbeitssituationen dagegen als mindestens etwas entlastend eingeschätzt. Erschwerend für die Vereinbarkeitsbemühungen wirkt sich u. a. aus, wenn die Pflegekonstellation mit einer Demenzerkrankung verbunden ist. Die Unterstützungsbemühungen von Unternehmen und Politik für erwerbstätige pflegende Angehörige haben sich in den vergangenen Jahren intensiviert, erscheinen aber nach wie vor verbesserungsbedürftig.In der aktuellen Coronavirus-Pandemie hat sich die Situation für viele pflegende Angehörige insgesamt verschärft. So zeigen die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden ZQP-Befragung, dass erwerbstätige Angehörige signifikant häufiger von einer Verschlechterung der Pflegesituation in der ersten Infektionswelle im Vergleich mit nicht-erwerbstätigen berichten. Ein Großteil der Befragten gibt an, dass die Vereinbarkeit von Pflege und Beruf nun noch schwieriger geworden sei.
Nonvanishing finite scalar mass in flux compactification
Authors: Hirose Takuya , Maru Nobuhito 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe study possibilities to realize a nonvanishing finite Wilson line (WL) scalar mass in flux compactification. Generalizing loop integrals in the quantum correction to WL mass at one-loop, we derive the conditions for the loop integrals and mode sums in one-loop corrections to WL scalar mass to be finite. We further guess and classify the four-point and three-point interaction terms satisfying these conditions. As an illustration, the nonvanishing finite WL scalar mass is explicitly shown in a six dimensional scalar QED by diagrammatic computation and effective potential analysis. This is the first example of finite WL scalar mass in flux compactification.
Autoencoders for unsupervised anomaly detection in high energy physics
Authors: Finke Thorben , Krämer Michael , Morandini Alessandro , Mück Alexander , Oleksiyuk Ivan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Autoencoders are widely used in machine learning applications, in particular for anomaly detection. Hence, they have been introduced in high energy physics as a promising tool for model-independent new physics searches. We scrutinize the usage of autoencoders for unsupervised anomaly detection based on reconstruction loss to show their capabilities, but also their limitations. As a particle physics benchmark scenario, we study the tagging of top jet images in a background of QCD jet images. Although we reproduce the positive results from the literature, we show that the standard autoencoder setup cannot be considered as a model-independent anomaly tagger by inverting the task: due to the sparsity and the specific structure of the jet images, the autoencoder fails to tag QCD jets if it is trained on top jets even in a semi-supervised setup. Since the same autoencoder architecture can be a good tagger for a specific example of an anomaly and a bad tagger for a different example, we suggest improved performance measures for the task of model-independent anomaly detection. We also improve the capability of the autoencoder to learn non-trivial features of the jet images, such that it is able to achieve both top jet tagging and the inverse task of QCD jet tagging with the same setup. However, we want to stress that a truly model-independent and powerful autoencoder-based unsupervised jet tagger still needs to be developed.