bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highway route selection using GIS and analytical hierarchy process case study Ramadi Heet rural highway
Authors: Sameer Yasmeen Mohammed , Abed Adil N. , Sayl Khamis Naba 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAn appropriate road network imposes on planners take into account factors such as land use, slope, soil type, hydrology, and agricultural area. Due to various considerations and desires, the planning process is difficult hence there may be confusion in interest in the decision-making process. The use of a geographic information system (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) assist planners in achieving more detailed and desirable results. Thus, reducing the complexity of the planning process and helping various stakeholders for drawing to general conclusion. The study site was chosen on an area between the cities of Ramadi and Heet in Anbar Province, western Iraq, where it suffers from congestion and traffic accidents. This research aims to integrate a set of evaluation criteria using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and a spatial multicriteria model to find the optimal path in the study area. In this study, two alternate paths were proposed and compared with the current path to find the best path. Finally, the results indicated that the first alternative is 36% better. This research succeeded in proving that it is possible to decide a rural highway route between two cities using GIS and MCDA.
The dielectricpropertiesof (PVA-PVP-CdS)Nanocomposites for gamma shielding Application
Authors: Hadi Araa Hassan , Habeeb Majeed Ali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
NanocompositesMethod prepared by casting with variousPreventatives’ of cadmium sulfide (0,1,2,3, and4) wt%. Dielectric constant increases with increasing frequency and filler concentration. dielectric loss decreases as frequencyincreases, whereas it increases as Cadmium Sulfide concentration increases. The electrical A.C conductance of (PVA- PVP- CdS) Increased composites as the filler and TheFrequency are increased. Electron Scanning microscopy shows morphological the surface of (PVA-PVP- CdS)Numerous composites films or pieces allocated random distribution of particles on the top surface, homogeneous and coherent. in (PVA-PVP) blend and with different wt.% of Cadmium sulfide films have good linear attenuation coefficients for gamma-ray radiation.
Numerical Study on Nonlinear Behavior of RC Continuous Deep Beams
Authors: Sabre Ahmed Bashar M. , Al-Sulayfani Bayar J. , Mohammad Khalaf I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study is to demonstrate the extent of the effect that occurs to continuous reinforced deep beams when performing a parametric study in terms of support settlement and different support conditions for dual span continuous deep beams (CDBs), in terms of failure load and failure mode, using the ANSYS 2020 nonlinear finite element program. As the parametric study relied on the laboratory study conducted by Yang et al. [8]. Six samples were taken from continuous reinforced concrete beams with two spans with the extension of the shear to the depth ratios (0.5, 1). This was done to ensure that the form was handled appropriately. The pre-owned model to research the behavior of deep RC girders under static support conditions with different beam heights. Whereas, it was observed that there is a marked variation in the value of the failure load under the influence of different support conditions and the support settlement that occurs in them. This inspection is characterized by real, conceivable results of support conditions and support settlement in presenting two span continuous reinforced concrete deep beams.
Growth Of ZnO Nanostructured Thin Films By Non Conventional Sol-Gel Method And The Effect Of Annealing Temperature On Its Properties
Authors: Alrefaee M , Singh U P , Das S K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The present work demonstrates the growth of Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films from its powder precursor by using non-conventional sol-gel technique. The structural, morphological and optical properties of obtained thin films were studied under different annealing temperatures. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed hexagonal wurtzite structures for both annealed and pristine thin films. The crystallite size was found between 14 and 16 nm. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images showed that the films have approximately uniform morphologies, consisting in several flower-like aggregates with nanosized multi petals. From the optical properties it was found that with the increase in the annealing temperature there is an increase in the absorption coefficient in the visible wavelength range. It was also noticed that the increase in annealing temperature caused a decrease in bandgap (Eg) and increase in Extinction coefficient. Urbach energy decreased with the increase annealing temperature up to 250°C, afterwards the Urbach energy increased with the increase in the annealing temperature. The causes for these observations are discussed.
Impact of Substrate Temperatures On the Properties of V2O5 Thin Films Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition
Authors: Farhan Mansour S. , Salim ALRikabi Haider TH. , Abed Faisal Theyab 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) thin films were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on fused silica substrate at temperatures (Ts) ranged from ambient temperature up to 300°C. UV-VIS-NIR spectral measurements, X-ray diffraction (XRD) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were made to understand the influence of substrate temperature on optical, structural, and compositional properties. The substrate temperature displayed a robust effect on the construction and visual characteristics. The photosensitive band gap of PLD V2O5 films was powerfully dependent on the substrate temperature and was reduced from 2.36 eV to 2.08 eV with the growth of substrate temperature from ambient temperature to 300°C. However, the refractive index showed an increase from 2.28 to 2.69 for the same temperature range. V2O5 films grown at Ts = 300°C exhibited a crystalline nature as evidenced by XRD and SEM studies. The chemical composition of V2O5 films has been studied by XPS and the data revealed pure V2O5 compound was formed.
Improvement of corrosion resistance and dimensional change of the high copper dental amalgam by Al2O3 additions.
Authors: Haydar H. J. , Al-Deen Jamal , Abdul-Husien Malik 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
the main goal of this present investigation is to study the effect of the (Al2O3) addition on corrosion resistance and dimensional change of the high copper dental amalgam. One alloy has been prepared via casting composed of silver (47%), tin (30%), copper (22%), and zinc (1%). (Al2O3) addition is added in distinct percentages of the (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) wt.%. Specimens were prepared according to ADA specification No. 1. The specimens have been stored at 37±1 C° using a chamber prepared for this purpose. corrosion resistance improved with addition from 0.5% to 2% (Al2O3) and observed that dimensional change of amalgam improved after (Al2O3) additions.
Designing and Manufacturing of Home Automation Monitoring System Using Internet of Things Technology
Authors: Omran Mustafa A , Saad Wasan K , Hamza Bashar J , Al-Baghdadi Ahmed F 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Home Automation System (HAS) has seen an increase in popularity as developments in connectivity and information technology. A Smart Home (SH) is a form of advanced applications for the Internet of Things (IoT) that allows users to track and manage their electronic devices through the internet. This paper describes an affordable, secure, WiFi- based smart home or home automation system, that enables the monitoring of home devices by homeowners at local and remote locations. The Arduino Mega 2560 and Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ were used to configuring the server automation framework. Further, various sensors were used to observe current, voltages, humidity, temperature, movement, flame, smoke, gas, doors and other household conditions. The proposed automation system can monitor home conditions via the Blynk IoT Platform for both Android or IOS.
Evaluation the microstructure, physical, magnetic and electrical properties of Al/Fe3O4 + Ni hybrid nanocomposite
Authors: Jiaad Suaad M , Salman Khansaa D , Hussein Ahmed A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to study the physical, electrical, magnetic properties and microstructural analysis of aluminum matrix incorporated with different amounts of Fe3O4 at (2,4,6,8 and 10wt.%) with a constant amount of Ni at 2wt.%. Al/Fe3O4 +Ni hybrid nanocomposites specimens were prepared using the powder metallurgy method. Aluminum matrix nanocomposites (AMNCs) are important alloys because of their high strength, wear resistance, and lightweight, which enables them to be used in different thermal environments in a variety of applications including automotive, electronics, and aerospace. Many examinations, including Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM)) analysis, were performed on the specimens in this study to determine the microstructure and phases of the nanocomposites, and study important properties such as density, porosity, magnetic and electrical properties, to evaluate these properties of the hybrid nanocomposites. FESEM analysis revealed that Fe3O4 and Ni nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed in the Al matrix in this study. The results of these tests showed that increasing the weight percentage of Fe3O4 and constant weight percentage of Ni nanoparticles decreases the porosity and increases the density and increases saturation magnetization (Ms) as well as improved electrical properties.
Surface modification of carbon steel by electrodeposit composite coating for improving erosion-corrosion resistance: a review
Authors: Salih Ekbal M. S. , Al–Juboori Haydar A.H. , Al-Hamdani Nadheer R. A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper included an explanation of one of the methods of protection from corrosion, as it dealt with the use of electroplating technology by using solid ceramic particles embedded in chromium on carbon steel as a base material as an effective way to increase the service life of fluid-carrying tubes, considering that they are exposed to a joint effect of chemical and physical action. The formation of composite coatings on carbon steel and the factors affecting the success of these coatings in addition to a group of studies that dealt with these factors and their impact on increasing the resistance to conditions surrounding the metal represented by resistance to chemical corrosion in the presence of erosion (such as the concentration of solid particles in the paint solution, the temperature of the paint solution, the effect of The current density on the quality of the coatings and the effect of the thermal treatment on the coatings). The current density, the concentration of solid particles and the temperature have the greatest influence in determining the efficiency of the composite coatings.
Manufacture of shape memory alloys NiTi and NiTiCu by casting method and studying the effect of adding the copper element in different proportions to the binary alloy on the microstructure, phase transformations and conductivity
Authors: Salman Khansaa Dawood 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Thanks to unique properties, such as light weight, good biocompatibility, high strength, and relatively low cost, shape memory alloys are of interest to researchers. In this work alloys NiTi and NiTiCu with different weight percents were made from the copper element using the casting method by (VAR) furnace. Where the elements were melted at (1350°C) without a crucible to obtain best alloys of high purity, and after that the manufactured ingots were cooled with ice water to obtain the best homogeneity. The melting process was followed by the annealing process by an electric furnace at (750°C). After completing the manufacturing process, specimens were prepared for microscopic and mechanical tests, and wires were drawn for the purpose of electrical testing. Several tests and examinations were carried out to ensure that the alloys manufactured are SMAs. The microscopic examinations that were performed via OM showed that the copper element is uniformly distributed within a NiTi matrix. The results showed FESEM that the microstructure is symmetric and homogeneous, and also showed phase (TI 002) and (Ti2Ni) and some defects. DSC examination showed the initial and final degrees of the austenite and martensite phase. In addition, the results of DSC showed that the best stable alloys are alloy NiTi and NiTiCu-3 and that the hysterical loop decreases with an increase in the percentage of copper. The results of the shape memory effect showed that the best SME was (88.98%) for alloy NiTiCu-3. As for the microhardness, it increased when the copper element was increased, so the maximum hardness of the specimen was at 2 wt.% Cu, and it seemed to decrease with the increase in the copper element. The electrical test that was performed using the 4T sensing method of wires showed that the conductivity value increases with the increase in ratio of Cu with the decrease in the resistance. The best conductivity ratio was for alloy NiTiCu-3 where the conduction ratio was 24096.4 (Ω.Cm)−1 and it had the lowest resistivity 41.5 (Ω.Cm)10−6. Strain rate was tested and the resistivity, so the increase in the strain rate was observed with the increase in the copper element and the decrease in the resistivity.
Surface modification of Zirconium based alloys for bio application by Micro-arc oxidation process: A Review
Authors: Salman Maysam Abbood , Haleem Ali Hubi , Awad Samir Hamid 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Because of their superior mechanical properties, metal implants are the ideal choice for long-term reconstruction of hard tissues like the hip and knee joints. Zr and its alloys are widely recognized as biocompatible metal implants because of the self-regulating oxide coating that prevents the surface from corrosion and restricts ion release. The Osseo incorporation of these critical elements requires surface modification. The surface of metal implants is modified via micro-arc oxidation (MAO). The goal of this study is to give a summary of contemporary Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) research on zirconium and related alloys in biometal implants.
Cloud based automatic street lighting control system
Authors: Younis Manal Fadhil , Salim Sarah Sadeq 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Conventional street lighting control systems is manual control, light sensitive control, and simple timing control while energy consumption and operators are unable to monitor street lights, that significantly disrupts management and maintenance. This work is based on the idea of maximize the maintaining and minimize an energy loss. Much of the energy produced daytime is saved in a solar cell and then will use to glow street lights throughout the night. The system also provides an energy-efficient operation mode by adapting the automated method. The lights switch on/off automatically according to vehicle movement or day/night sensor as well as to reduce management cost and monitor status information for each street lighting unit. In this paper two sensors are utilized that are Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) sensor to signalize a day/night time and Infrared Obstacle (IR) sensors to discover the movement on the street. Arduino microcontroller is utilized as a brain to control the street lighting system. In the other hand sensors data are analyzed and stored in Thingspeak cloud after are sent by Arduino UNO. Experimental results show that the system is stable and reliable as it can be applied as a model system.
Using Geotextile to Reduce the Required Thickness of Sub Base Layer of the Road and Improvement in CBR Value
Authors: Laziz Muhmood Abdulbasit Abdu , khudhur Rafaa Mohammed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Soil fabrics (geotextiles) are a permeable textile structural composition, and are mainly use in civil engineering applications associated with soil, rocks, or water. The American specifications (ASTM-D1316) indicated in the definition of this type of fabrics that they are use in some installations for civil and structural engineering, as the traffic increases day by day, many road related problems happen. Due to the heavy volume and heavy traffic the roads were damage very early, to avoid such a situation, we can use the geotextile.
Geotextiles can be roughly in to two-type woven and nonwoven, in this research, non-woven (geotextile-50 pressed) was use in the work. The effect of geotextile sheets on improving the load-settlement characters of five-layered soil (three-layer clay, two-layer recycle concrete aggregate); moreover, the use of geotextiles has been study to reduce the required thickness of the sub-base layer of the road. Given the widespread use of bearing testing rate in the projects of road construction, it has used this test in this research, it was a test California bearing ratio (CBR) on the soil of five layers including the rubble of recycled concrete layer recycled (RCA) in the top (sub base)) and the clay soil place bottom(subgrade)
These tests were conduct different the situations, including the use of test geotextile and test not use geotextile. In this research, the performance of nonwoven geotextiles, interconnect between the soft subgrade and the sub-base of the recycle of the recycle concrete aggregate (RCA) in the flexible paving system was good as the Geotextiles improve and increase the CBR value about (20%) of the road layers as well as the geotextile worked on reduce permeability about (50%).
Geotextile also worked to separate or (isolate) two materials that are not alike, such as two soil layers with different properties, such as separating the subgrade layer from the subbase layer.
Using Cooling System for Increasing the Efficiency of Solar Cell
Authors: Sultan Teba Nassir , Farhan Mansour S. , Salim ALRikabi Haider TH. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
According to future predictions, reliance will be largely on solar panels to provide electrical energy. Given its importance, the factors that maintain or increase its efficiency must be studied. Among the factors that reduce its efficiency are temperature, shade, dust and many others. The effect of the temperature on the performance and efficiency of a photovoltaic (pv) panel is the one of the main important facing the renewable energy, especially in hot regions, e g. South part of iraq. The high temperature to which the pv module is exposed in hot weather reduces the open circuit voltage and the efficiency. In this work, use two methods for cooling, namely water cooling and air cooling. The first method of cooling was air cooling by using dc fan that placed in the back of pv module. While the second method water cooling divided in two techniques, the first technique done by using two pieces of aluminum for cooling (water cooling blocks) placed in the rear of pv module and the second technique of water cooling by using copper perforated tube for spraying water placed in the front of pv module. The average of experimental results shows that the use of technique spraying water cooling are highest enhancement in efficiency than others techniques (water cooling blocks and dc fan) and more effective at high pv temperatures.
Cefepime electronic structure, optical, spectroscopic, and the effect of water molecules on its physical properties
Authors: Abdulsattar Mudar Ahmed , Almaroof Nooruldeen Mudher 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cefepime is a fourth-generation antibiotic with the Stoichiometry C19H24N6O5S2. It is a 1.5 nm molecule. The electronic structure and related spectroscopic properties of cefepime are discussed in the present work. The thermodynamic interaction of the cefepime molecule with water molecules is also discussed. Density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-311G** level is used. Results show good agreement with available structural experimental results such as bond lengths. The iso-electrostatic potential energy shows the position of positive and negative potentials. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap is increased to more than 4 eV due to interaction with water molecules. The highest peak in the experimental IR spectrum (1773 cm−1) is confined between the calculated cefepime highest peak at (1694.4 cm−1) and the hydrated cefepime molecules at (1819-1823 cm−1). Many other evaluated properties such as Raman spectrum, dipole moment, Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of interaction with water do not have experimentally measured values. The most stable Gibbs free energy is when cefepime interacts with two H2O molecules.
The behavior of eco-friendly self – compacting concrete partially utilized ultra-fine eggshell powder waste
Authors: Aadi Ayad S , Sor Nadhim Hamah , Mohammed Ahmed Ali 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
From food wastes, there are many materials that can be used as building materials like eggshells. This paper examined the effect of ultra-fine eggshell powder (UFESP) as a partial cement replacement by (0–25% with 5% increments) in weight on fresh and compressive strength of sustainable Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) with a constant water to binder ratio and binder content of 0.38 and 450 kg/m3, respectively. All mixes were tested for fresh properties of slump flow diameter and time, V-funnel time, L-box height ratio, dry density and compressive strength. The results of fresh properties for all mixtures satisfied the requirements recommended by EFNARC for SCC. However, the compressive strength of SCC mixes increased by the addition of UFESP up to 15% compared to the control mixture, then decreased and recorded 42 MPa for the mix containing 25% of UFESP. Meanwhile, the dry density decreased as UFESP utilization increased in the mixtures.