bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Heat Transfer from Fined Perforated Pipe Improved due to Nano-Fluid
Authors: Sallal Ali Sami , Smaisim Ghassan F. , Thahab S.M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this research, experimental and numerical investigates were conducted on the effect of adding Nano fluid (α −AL2O3, γ − AL2O3, CuO) with different concentrations (1 %, 3%, and 5%) on the thermal properties of water. The heat exchanger system was designed with fin types with different holes (circular, triangular, elliptical and without holes). Thermal properties such as thermal conductivity, viscosity, specific heat, heat transfer coefficient, Nusselt number, Reynolds number have been studied experimentally and numerically. The results showed that the thermal properties increase with increasing the concentrations of nanomaterials and the Nusselt number increases with the increase of Reynolds number, and that the best type of fin is the fins with triangular holes. Copper oxide is the best at concentration (5%).Numerical simulation carried out on present heat exchange using consul computational fluid dynamic (CFD) the comparison between experimental and numerical results showed good.
a single-branch impedance compression network (icn) optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm for rf energy harvesting system
Authors: Aliwi Sarah , Al-Khafaji Nasr , Al-Battat Hayder 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Most previous works regarding the impedance compression network ICNs reported in the literature consist of dual branches to carry out the compression functionalities. Although this type of circuits are efficient, they are complex and have large sizes. This work proposes a complex impedance compression network with only a single branch for wireless power transfer (WPT) circuits, operating at 2.4GHz under a wide input power range and a variable load. The design size is about 4x4.2mm2 which thereby, produces a simple, and small design. The simulation results demonstrate that the improvement in efficiency is by 10%, as compared to a design without ICN. The improvement can increased by utilizing the particle swarm optimization PSO algorithm where the best dimensions of the ICN components will be selected relying on the suitable fitness function in the PSO algorithm to the given desired goals. The impedance matching is also enhanced in which it stands behind the conversion efficiency increment. The circuit size is very slightly increased and it becomes 4.2x4.3mm2. The final design has a conversion efficiency about 76%, with more than 15% improvement to a design with only a matching circuit or without using the automation techniques. Eventually, results show that the enhancement is obtained not only the designated input power but also along a range of the input power.
Corrosion behavior of aluminum alloys 2024 and 6061 in rainwater
Authors: Mohammed Saraa M. , Mahdi Sahib M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the present work the corrosion behavior of both aircraft aluminum alloy 2024 and 6061 were studied by cyclic polarization test in Rainwater, before and after heat treatment at room temperature (25 °C). The corrosion resistance of both alloys decreases after these alloys were solution treatment at a temperature of 495 °C for 2hr for AA2024 alloy and artificial aging at temperature (150, 200, 250, and 300 °C) for 1 and 2 hours this decreasing was from 1.767× 10−3 to 1.031× 10−3 mm/y, and for solution treatment at a temperature of 530 °C for 2hr for AA6061 alloy and artificial aging at temperature (150, 200, 250 and 300 °C) for 1 and 2 hours this decreasing 6.279× 10−3 to 1.204× 10−3 mm/y.
Coating Process on Inconel Super alloy Substrates: A Review
Authors: Jasim Ahlam Hamid , Abid-Ali Abdul Raheem K. , Mahboubi Farzad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study reviews a variety of coating types, which include, alloys, nickel, palladium, nickel alloys and composite coatings, on the super-alloy substrates with the use if the Slurry Coating- approach. Attempts have been performed for representing a general view of the conditions of plating and highlighting the significance of the layer concerning the efficiency of the high-temperature coatings that are applied on the super alloys that are utilized extensively on the components of the gas-turbine.
Induction Surface Hardening: a review
Authors: Aswad Mokhalad F. , Mohammed Aseel J. , Faraj Sahar R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOne of the methods of surface hardening the majority extensively used surface hardening procedure which can be used in many metals in their entirety in today’s applications. Induction coil is concentrated to the localized area where the necessary piece is hardened of the material. A high inductance coil is used to heat the surface of steel into the austenitic region. High heat transformation rates result in instant quenching by oil, resulting in a steep temperature gradient. This method necessitates external quenching because it induces phase conversion from austenite to martensite. This review paper ensures an overview of the principles of induction surface hardening, as well as some of its advantages over traditional hardening techniques. The results of experiments and computational approaches reported by different researchers are discussed.
High-Frequency Transformer Design with Hollow Core for Solid State Transformer
Authors: Obaid Haitham A , Ameen Yasir M Y 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Solid-state transformer (SST) is one of the new technologies that has kept pace with the development of renewable energy sources such as the solar energy and wind turbines. The SST consists of a high-frequency (HF) transformer and power electronic converter at both ends of the HF transformer. Despite the high efficiency of the traditional transformers, is they are quite large in size and also very heavy. In order to reduce the size and weight of the transformers, SST is used as an alternative for the conventional transformer which also brings along other advantages. The type of core material, the type of wire used, and the method of winding the coils on the HF transformer core affects the core losses, copper losses, the cost, efficiency, and power density of the HF transformer. In this paper a new method has been proposed to form the core of the HF transformer used in SST where a hollow core is used, thus reducing the size and weight of the HF transformer along with the reduction in the core loss. The proposed core is designed using ANSYS Maxwell 3D software in addition to calculating the inductance matrix and the coupling coefficient. Finally, the proposed model of a high-frequency transformer was simulated using MATLAB Simulink software.
Studying and Analysis of crash severity for different Expressways on Al-Rusafa side for Baghdad city using Binary Logistic Regression Model
Authors: Joni Hasan Hamodi , Shallal Mustafa Husham 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, in Iraq, especially Baghdad, many accidents are recorded daily, and the occurrence is different in terms of severity (fatal, injury, property damage only) with different seasons, days and even times, as a result of the anxiety and great concern that these accidents pose on the part of drivers of these highways. Therefore, this study has become necessary to find out the causes which have direct interference with the accident impact on these roads. On the other hand, many researchers in the field of traffic engineering in Iraq didn’t address the severity of accidents on highways. In addition, this study is the first to find out the main causes of accidents for the most important main and vital highways that are used on a daily basis by drivers on the Al- Rusafa side in Baghdad (Mohamed Al-Qasim Expressway, Army Canal expressway). Furthermore, the data utilized in this research consists of a sample size of (236) forms and it was collected from traffic officers for period 2006 to 2019. After analysis by using Logistic Regression Model, there are three variables closely linked to the severity of accidents on Mohamed Al-Qasim Expressway (cause of an accident like (wrong turn, loss of control, closing (safety distance), vehicle body type, speed). Also, and four variables on Army Canal Expressway (road condition, day, vehicle body type, speed) resulting from the Binary Logistic Regression model.
Studying of the effect of many parameters on a bulk liquid membrane and its opposition in Cd(II) removal from wastewater
Authors: Khalaf Zainab Abdulmajeed , Hassan Asrar Abdullah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBecause of their tendency to accumulate in the body and their highly toxic potential, heavy metal pollution is becoming one of the main problems globally. The presented study examined the likelihood of eliminating heavy metals by means of the Bulk Liquid Membrane (BLM) method, which is a tool of high importance in various applications of such type. BLM is a simple type of liquid membrane which is showing excellent membrane stability yet insignificant solute fluxes. Therefore, this study outlines the BLM’s membrane resistance in removing heavy metals and recovery from the waste-waters. The cadmium (Cd) ions are fully prepared from the acidic aqueous solutions in this study with the use of the BLM. With regard to stirred transfer cell type, an experimental research has examined the recovery and extraction of Cd ions from synthetic wastewater solution via carrier Tri-butyl-phosphate TBP [C12H27O4P] with the use of BLM as an approach of separation. The impact of some parameters such as feed and stripping stirring speed, carrier concentration, membrane stirring speed, initial feed concentration, temperature, feed, and stripping phase pH is assessed for Cd removal. At pH 4 for feed, pH 10 for strip, 10 %(v/v) carrier concentration, 2 ppm initial concentration, 150 rpm,(S:F) = (1:1) in toluene, and the room temperature the maximal efficiency of extraction and stripping of cadmium (II) metal ions was 82 % and 93 %.
Prototype filter design for filter bank multicarrier modulation
Authors: Mohammed Mahmood Jasim , Ali Mohammed Abd Al Kareem 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The use of the cyclic prefix in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM) system recently it is the technique widely used method in many wireless communication systems, which depends on the use of the rectangular pulse shape for the transmission. However, the use of the rectangular pulse shape in the filter leads to appearance of many problems such as out of band emission and also the necessary need to use what is known as the cyclic prefix for the purpose of preventing interference, which leads to decrease the spectral efficiency due to the exploitation of part of the spectrum for the purpose of protection from interference. For the purpose of getting rid of these problems, the filter bank multicarrier (FBMC)system has been proposed who uses filters to construct the typical pulse that can be used in this system. The main idea in this system is how to choose the appropriate filter system for the FBMC/OQAM because this filter plays a fundamental role in the system. In this research, we will be focused on presenting a new prototype pulse shape that can be used in the fifth-generation networks(5G) of communications and also for the purpose of improving the performance of this system and overcoming the previously mentioned obstacles. During this research we will present two models to form the used pulse model, and then we compare these shapes with the most common pulse shape like (Rectangular, RC, PHYDYAS, Hermite). Through this comparison, the efficiency of these pulses can be determined by studying several different parameters that have a direct impact on performance, such as (BER, SIR, PAPR).
The effect of recycled plastic waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) on characteristics of cement mortar
Authors: Abed Jasim M , Khaleel Ban A , Aldabagh Inas S , Sor Nadhim Hamah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper studied the effect of waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) on the workability and mechanical properties of the produced cement based mortar. However, five different waste PET weight fractions of 0, 5, 15, 25 and 50% were replaced with river sand in cement mortar mixtures with constant cement content and water to cement ratio of 525 kg/m3 and 0.48, respectively. The workability of the mixtures is enhanced by increasing the replacement level of plastic waste PET. On the other hand, the dry density, compressive and flexural strengths were reduced as waste PET incorporation increased except the mix contained 5% of PET which improved the compressive and flexural strengths. As a result of the dry density and compressive strength results, it was determined that the mixture containing 25% waste PET is considered as a lightweight mortar and suitable for structural purposes.
Review of ceramic materials that used as a thermal barrier in diesel engine pistons
Authors: Majeed E A , Rashid H K , Hussain M K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The diesel engines is used in many industrial applications in addition to that in cars. In this type of engine the fuel-air mixture will burn behind the piston inside the cylinder and will produce high temperature. Developing diesel engines to be more efficient, less fuel consumption, low gas emissions, and high performance that has been pursued for more than two decades. Increased combustion temperature can enhance engine power and efficiency while lowering specific fuel consumption and CO emission rates. Ceramic thermal barrier coatings have been identified as the most promising method for achieving these goals. Due to the abundance of materials and technologies, it is necessary to understand the best material suitable for depositing and the techniques required to complete the process. Many researchers have studied a wide range of materials like ZrO2, Al2O3, mullite, YSZ, and forsterite to develop suitable systems that use thermal barrier coatings. Additionally, many techniques such as EB-PVD and ASP have been developed to meet the requirements of these systems. This paper will examine the materials and technologies that can be used to improve internal diesel engine performance.
A Study of Natural Rosmarinus Corrosion Inhibitor for Zinc In HCl Solution
Authors: Wali Haneen Faleh , Bahar Shaker Salih 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this study, the effect of important variables on the corrosion rate of Zinc metal was studied with free corrosion, weight loss, and polarization techniques. The test system was designed to measure corrosion potential, corrosion rate, limited current density, and the polarization technique. The experiment used a 0.1M HCl solution as its medium. Temperatures (20,30, 40, 50, and 60) C and rosemary inhibitor concentrations (1 and 5) g/L were used to study the efficacy of the zinc corrosion process. The results showed that the corrosion rate increased with increasing temperature but decreased with increasing inhibitor concentration in acid solution. The maximum inhibition efficiency in Weight Loss Experiments observed at 5g/L of rosemary and 20 °C is 49.07%. The corrosion potential became more negative with increasing temperature and became nobler (less negative) with increasing inhibitor concentration. It has been shown that rosemary is good as a green inhibitor in acid solution.
Effect of Tungsten additions on Microstructure and Corrosion resistance of F75 alloy.
Authors: Jabr Nuha Hasan , Dawood Nawal Mohammed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
For many surgical applications such as knee implant, metal-to-metal Hip jointing and denta implants, CoCrMo allays are the main choice. The present study aims to study the effect of Tungsten on Microstructure and Corrosion resistance of CoCrMo (F75) alloy. Tungsten has been added to the base alloy in various weight ratios (0.5, 1 and 1.5 wt. percent). The alloys have been made using powder metallurgywhich has been sintered with two stages at 500°C (2 h) and 850°C (6 h) under Argon atmosphereMicrostructures observation, Corrosion resistance, open circuit potential and Brinell macro-hardness, have been performed. In the microstructure test this phase (CoCr and CoCrMo) was appeared. Corrosion test results have shown that with the addition of (1,5% W) the highest corrosion resistance was found, which gives the lowest rate of corrosion (4.310 mpy) in Ringer’s solution. The hardness of F75 alloy improve after the addition of tungsten in Ringer’s solution, Also hardness increases as tungsten additives increase, which have the highest percentage (1.5%W) gave the highest hardnes
Improved performance of Ti6Al4V alloy in Biomedical applications - Review.
Authors: Haydar H. J. , Al-Deen Jamal , AbidAli Abdulraheem Kadhim , Mahmoud Anasalwjood A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe advantages of Ti6Al4v alloy are high strength, low density, and And the advantage of it being non-toxic and the human body does not reject it. Because of these properties, Ti6Al4v are distinguished by their unique properties. To manufacture high strength and lightweight components for biomedical applications, Ti6Al4v alloy is suitable for purpose because of its properties necessary for manufacture. The properties of TiAl4v alloy about its mechanical properties, its corrosion resistance, wear testing, biocompatibility, and bone fusion in biomedical applications, are discussed in the paper. Although TiAl4v alloy has desirable properties, studies have proven to release the two elements of aluminum and vanadium. These two elements are toxic and affect the biocompatibility of Ti6Al4v despite its unique properties. To avoid that, researchers are looking for a way to solve the problem by addition alloy elements that are less toxic and have good mechanical properties. Examples of these elements are zirconium and tantalum..
Investigation Quantum Electronic Transition of Organometallic Molecules
Authors: Abbas Ibrahim Obayes M. , Al-Robayi Enas M. , Al-Owaedi Oday A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We provide a brief overview of recent calculations and predictions of electronic properties for single-molecules and discuss some principles underpinning strategies for enhancing their electronic performance. Quantum interference effects in the electronic properties of (Pyridine-2Cyclopentene Metallic) organometallic-type molecules possessing four aromatic rings were investigate theoretically. In this paper, electronic transmission properties were study for different types of organometallic molecules. A calculation also provides a powerful tool to estimate the electrical and electronic properties. Furthermore, to probe the electronic structure of all compounds in this study we compute the UV-visible, iso-surface and energies calculations. It is finding that the (HOMO and LUMO) energy changing with replace metallic atoms as well as the energy gap changes as the metal different. Therefore, this indicates the energies depend on the type of the metallic atoms in the studied molecules. All calculations were performed using density functional theory at three parameters with the Lee-Yang-Parr functional (B3 LYP) levels with SDD basis sets.
An insight on the response of foundations resting on sand with geosynthetic materials as a reinforcement
Authors: Alali Manal , Paikaray Bandita , Mohapatra Benu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Application of Geosynthetic to resolve several geotechnical engineering problems is widely accepted and effective methods. It improved the foundation’s bearing ability as well as minimizes the settlements associate to footings resting on weak soils. Their use is not only restricted to footings in fact they are widely used in improving the subgrade performance of the pavement sand for slope stabilizations. Over the past few decades numerous researchers have contributed their valuable results based on laboratory tests or numerical investigations. The present study aims to provide a detailed literature survey of research work associated with soil reinforcements together under a common hood which can help the upcoming researchers to understand the work done in this field simply and effectively. It also aims to highlight the effect of depth of geosynthetics, their respective width, relative density of sand or other geo-parameters and layers’ number provided with geosynthetic affect the bearing capability and settlement behavior of reinforced and unreinforced soil structures.
A New Suppression approach of FWM Crosstalk Effect in Optical Communication Link based on Polarization combiner Method
Authors: Mohammed Nidhal A. , Abd Haider J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To meet the growing needs of internet data, optical communication systems have become the backbone of modern communications networks. At the present time, the dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) technique has been used to increase the number of channels, but the nonlinear effects have a great impact that limits the performance of doubling the DWDM system. The four wave mixing (FWM) is the most harmful and dangerous as the effect of FWM increases on the system the greater the optical connection distances. The new approach of pairing groups of different optical signals was investigated to suppress the FWM effect. The simulation was conducted for an 8-channel system with a total data rate (80Gb/s). A comparative study was conducted on the suppression of FWM by the difference in the power inputs (-0.5 to 20) dBm. The robustness of the proposed technique was examined using two forms of modulation (Carrier Suppressed Return to Zero (CSRZ) and Duo Binary Modulation class -1(DBM-1)) techniques, with optical fiber system of (1,2,5) spans, each of length 60 Km, with spacing between the channels 50GHz. The power of FWM was significantly reduced with the CSRZ & DBM-1 techniques to less than (47.97%, 41.38 %) respectively, at an input power of 12.5 dBm. The performance of the proposed system with the polarization technique was improved by the rate of the quality factor (Q-factor of (91.59%, 78.67%) for the same sequence of modulation.
Numerical analysis of a zoned earth dam considering hydrodynamic force during the earthquake excitation
Authors: Jawad Areej A. , Hassan Waqed H. , Fattah Mohammed Y. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper presents finite element analysis of a zoned earth dam considering hydrodynamic force during the earthquake. Geostudio software using the sub-program SEEP/W and QUAKE/W was used. The earthquake that is used in this analysis are Iraqi earthquake that happened in Ali Al-Garbi within Missan governorate and El-Centro earthquake. Haditha dam section was used for the hypothetical dam. The maximum height of the dam is 57 m. The shell was constructed from the mix of sand-gravel with the average particles diameter range from (0.24 to 16.7 mm). Three different properties were used for core material, each one of these properties was analyzed under three different heads of water in the upstream side. The main parameters that have the influence on the analysis results are; water level in the upstream side of the dam, intensity of the earthquake, properties of the core material, and the value of hydrodynamic force. The hydraulic flux and peak displacement increase with increasing these parameters.