bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Effects of Hypomagnetic Field: Ground‐Based Data for Space Exploration
Authors: Zhang Zheyuan , Xue Yanru , Yang Jiancheng , Shang Peng , Yuan Xichen 
Published: July 2021

The future of mankind is tied to the exploration and eventual colonization of space. Currently, people have resided in orbit at a space station. In the future, we will have opportunities to stay on the moon, Mars, or in deeper space, where astronauts are exposed to the hypomagnetic field (HMF), which refers to an extremely weak magnetic field environment compared with the geomagnetic field. However, the potential risks of HMF exposure to human health are often overlooked. Here, we summarize the literature related to the biological effects of HMF and calculate the magnitude of the effect. Briefly, HMF impairs multiple animal systems, especially in the central nervous system. Additionally, HMF is a stress factor in plant growth and reproduction. Finally, HMF combined with other space environments, such as radiation and microgravity, can affect organisms. Further studies are required to explore (i) countermeasures to the adverse effects of HMF, (ii) combined effects of HMF with other factors, and (iii) the intensity‐effect relationship. © 2021 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Construction of a structural enzyme adsorption/kinetics model to elucidate additives associated lignin–cellulase interactions in complex bioconversion system
Authors: Chan Ka‐Lai , Ko Chun‐Han , Chang Ken‐Lin , Leu Shao‐Yuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEnzymatic hydrolysis is a rate‐limiting process in lignocellulose biorefinery. The reaction involves complex enzyme–substrate and enzyme–lignin interactions in both liquid and solid phases, and has not been well characterized numerically. In this study, a kinetic model was developed to incorporate dynamic enzyme adsorption and product inhibition parameters into hydrolysis simulation. The enzyme adsorption coefficients obtained from Langmuir isotherm were fed dynamically into first‐order kinetics for simulating the equilibrium enzyme adsorption in hydrolysis. A fractal and product inhibition kinetics was introduced and successfully applied to improve the simulation accuracy on adsorbed enzyme and glucose concentrations at different enzyme loadings, lignin contents, and in the presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme. The model provided numerical proof quantifying the beneficial effects of both additives, which improved the hydrolysis rate by reducing the nonproductive adsorption of enzyme on lignin. The hydrolysis rate coefficient and fractal exponent both increased with increasing enzyme loadings, and lignin inhibition exhibited with increasing fractal exponent. Compared with BSA, the addition of lysozyme exhibited higher hydrolysis rates, which was reflected in the larger hydrolysis rate coefficients and smaller fractal exponents in the simulation. The model provides new insights to support process development, control, and optimization.
Glowing plants can light up the night sky? A review
Authors: Li Bolong , Chen Ru , Zhu Chenba , Kong Fantao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLuminescence, a physical phenomenon that producing cool light in vivo, has been found in bacteria, fungi, and animals but not yet in terrestrial higher plants. Through genetic engineering, it is feasible to introduce luminescence systems into living plant cells as biomarkers. Recently, some plants transformed with luminescent systems can glimmer in darkness, which can be observed by our naked eyes and provides a novel lighting resource. In this review, we summarized the bioassay development of luminescence in plant cells, followed by exampling the successful cases of glowing plants transformed with diverse luminescent systems. The potential key factors to design or optimize a glowing plant were also discussed. Our review is useful for the creation of the optimized glowing plants, which can be used not only in scientific research, but also as promising substitutes of artificial light sources in the future.
The Palatal Approach for Direct Maxillary Sinus Floor Elevation: A Case Report
Authors: Kormas Ioannis , Pedercini Alessandro , Paulson David B. , Costalonga Massimo 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionThe traditional techniques of maxillary sinus floor elevation via a direct or indirect approach are suitable for the majority of cases. However, in cases of unfavorable anatomy and/or a thick lateral bony wall, we propose here a new approach for sinus floor elevation.Case PresentationForty‐two‐year‐old female presents for sinus floor elevation after a failed attempt due to anatomical limitations and intraoperative complications. During the second surgical procedure, the access to the sinus membrane was performed from the palatal side due to thickness of the buccal wall ranging from 6 to 9 mm and the presence of septa. The sinus augmentation was successful, allowing for future implant placement.ConclusionIn selected cases, when the anatomy of the maxillary sinus poses limitations and the lateral wall thickness requires significant bone removal, the palatal approach is a valid alternative to the traditional sinus augmentation techniques.
Chemical Synthesis of Side‐Chain‐Hydroxylated Vitamin D3 Derivatives and Their Metabolism by CYP27B1
Authors: Sakamoto Ryota , Nagata Akiko , Ohshita Haruki , Mizumoto Yuka , Iwaki Miho , Yasuda Kaori , Sakaki Toshiyuki , Nagasawa Kazuo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (abbreviated here as 1,25D3) is a hormonally active form of vitamin D3 (D3), and is produced from D3 by CYP27 A1‐mediated hydroxylation at C25, followed by CYP27B1‐mediated hydroxylation at C1. Further hydroxylation of 25D3 and 1,25D3 occurs at C23, C24 and C26 to generate corresponding metabolites, except for 1,25R,26D3. Since the capability of CYP27B1 to hydroxylate C1 of side‐chain‐hydroxylated metabolites other than 23S,25D3 and 24R,25D3 has not been examined, we have here explored the role of CYP27B1 in the C1 hydroxylation of a series of side‐chain‐hydroxylated D3 derivatives. We found that CYP27B1 hydroxylates the R diastereomers of 24,25D3 and 25,26D3 more effectively than the S diastereomers, but shows almost no activity towards either diastereomer of 23,25D3. This is the first report to show that CYP27B1 metabolizes 25,26D3 to the corresponding 1α‐hydroxylated derivative, 1,25,26D3. It will be interesting to examine the physiological relevance of this finding.
The potential role of mesenchymal stem cells in modulating antiageing process
Authors: Govindasamy Vijayendran , Rajendran Abilashini , Lee Zhi–Xin , Ooi Ghee‐Chien , Then Kong‐Yong , Then Khong‐Lek , Gayathri Merilynn , Kumar Das Anjan , Cheong Soon‐Keng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAgeing and age‐related diseases share some basic origin that largely converges on inflammation. Precisely, it boils down to a common pathway characterised by the appearance of a fair amount of proinflammatory cytokines known as inflammageing. Among the proposed treatment for antiageing, MSCs gained attention in recent years. Since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate itself into a myriad of terminal cells, previously it was believed that these cells migrate to the site of injury and perform their therapeutic effect. However, with the more recent discovery of huge amounts of paracrine factors secreted by MSCs, it is now widely accepted that these cells do not engraft upon transplantation but rather unveil their benefits through excretion of bioactive molecules namely those involved in inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities. Conversely, the true function of these paracrine changes has not been thoroughly investigated all these years. Hence, this review will describe in detail on ways MSCs may capitalize its paracrine properties in modulating antiageing process. Through a comprehensive literature search various elements in the antiageing process, we aim to provide a novel treatment perspective of MSCs in antiageing related clinical conditions.
Rituximab induced cytokine release syndrome in an MS patient: A case report
Authors: Etemadifar Masoud , Salari Mehri , Saeri Mahdieh , Sigari Amirhossein Akhavan , Ebrahimi Pelarti Sara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCytokine release syndrome with rituximab has been reported in certain diseases, however, it is rarely reported in MS patients treated with rituximab. The treating physician should suspect the syndrome when typical signs and symptoms appear.
Lupus mastitis: A rare breast cancer differential diagnosis
Authors: Pimentel Alice , Moreira Ana , Silva Sofia , Lages Rita , Noronha Joana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLupus mastitis is an uncommon SLE breast manifestation. Clinically, it can present itself as a malignant‐like mass. Therefore, a tissue biopsy is warranted to confirm the diagnosis. The treatment of this condition is pharmacological and directed to the underlying disease. The rarity of this entity demands a high degree of suspicion.
A rare life‐threatening complication of acute mastoiditis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Oommen Jerry Z. , Valiuddin Hisham , Ring Hope , Shotkin Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSevere complications may not always present with “classic” signs and symptoms. In the setting of recent mastoiditis, complications including cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, skull base osteomyelitis, and retropharyngeal abscess should be considered, particularly with persistent or worsening symptoms. A broad differential can lead to prompt diagnosis and treatment, thereby reducing the likelihood of morbidity and mortality.
Management of ovarian immature teratoma grade‐II in pregnancy, two cases report and literature review
Authors: Homaei Shandiz Fatemeh , Emadi Torghabeh Ali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPostoperative chemotherapy during pregnancy after first trimester is essential for patients with initial disease stage 1, grade 2 ovarian immature teratoma and it associates with lower disease progression and recurrence.
Methotrexate monotherapy for unilateral moderately active thyroid‐related eye disease
Authors: Elnahry Ayman G. , Talbet Joseph H. , Elnahry Gehad A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA type 1 diabetic patient with unilateral active thyroid‐related eye disease was intolerant to systemic steroid therapy due to uncontrollable blood sugar levels. She was treated with low‐dose methotrexate monotherapy, which resulted in a marked improvement of her condition with no adverse events.
Mesoporous Fe‐Nx‐C Sub‐Microspheres for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: You‐Lin Liu , Jinjiang Liu , Meimei Wang , Yuesong Shen , Shipin Yang , Dongyan Li 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe design and obtain mesoporous Fe‐Nx‐C sub‐microspheres (Meso Fe‐Nx‐C‐SS) using the amino acid‐metal complex as Fe/N/C precursor and mesoporous silica sub‐microspheres (MSS) as hard template by a facile template‐assistance strategy. The Histidine‐Fe complex is impregnated into mesopores of MSS, and then Meso Fe‐Nx‐C‐SS are obtained by high‐temperature carbonization process and removal of MSS template. The as‐fabricated Meso Fe‐Nx‐C‐SS exhibits the spherical structure with rough surface with the diameter size of 200–500 nm. And Meso Fe‐Nx‐C‐SS also possesses a high specific surface area of 784 m2 g−1, a large pore volume of 1.65 cm3 g−1, and a large pore size in the range of 10–22 nm. Benefiting from atomically dispersed N‐coordinated Fe and unique three‐dimensionally (3D) interconnected mesoporous carbon architecture, Meso Fe‐Nx‐C‐SS shows excellent electrocatalytic performance toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with positive half‐wave potential (E1/2 0.86 V), high stability (93.94 % after 30,000 s), low Tafel slop (43 mV dec−1) and good methanol tolerance, exceeding commercial Pt/C catalyst in alkaline media. As the cathode catalyst within the primary Zn‐air batteries, Meso Fe‐Nx‐C‐SS also reveals an outstanding catalytic activity (the maximum power density of 120 mW cm−2) and superior discharge stability (at current density of 10 mA cm−2 after 6 cycles, at different current densities of 5, 10, 20 mA cm−2), promoting its practical application in Zn‐air batteries.
Mixed RuxIr1−xO2 Supported on Rutile TiO2: Catalytic Methane Combustion, a Model Study
Authors: Khalid Omeir , Spriewald Luciano Alexander , Drazic Goran , Over Herbert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith a modified Pechini synthesis, mixed RuxIr1−xO2 is grown on rutile‐TiO2 with full control of the composition x, where the preformed TiO2 particles serve as nucleation sites for the active component. Catalytic and kinetic data of the methane combustion over RuxIr1−xO2@TiO2 and unsupported RuxIr1−xO2 catalysts reveal that the least active catalyst is RuO2@TiO2 (onset temperature: 270 °C), while the most active catalyst is Ru0.25Ir0.75O2 with an onset temperature below 220 °C. Surprisingly, even Ru0.75Ir0.25O2@TiO2 is remarkably active in methane combustion (onset temperature: 230 °C), indicating that little iridium in the mixed RuxIr1−xO2 oxide component already improves the activity of the methane combustion considerably. We conclude that iridium in the mixed RuxIr1−xO2 oxide enables efficient methane activation, while ruthenium promotes the subsequent oxidation steps of the methyl group to produce CO2. Kinetic data provide a reaction order in O2 of zero, while that of methane is close to one, indicating that the methane activation is rate limiting. The apparent activation energy varies among RuxIr1−xO2 from 110 (x=0) to 80 kJ ⋅ mol−1 (x=1). This variation in the apparent activation energy may be explained by the variation in adsorption energy of oxygen. Under the given reaction conditions the catalyst's surface is saturated with adsorbed oxygen and only if oxygen desorbs, methane can be activated and the methyl group can be accommodated at the liberated surface metal sites.
Making Aromatic Phosphorus Heterocycles More Basic and Nucleophilic: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of the First Phosphinine Selenide
Authors: Wossidlo Friedrich , Frost Daniel S. , Lin Jinxiong , Coles Nathan T. , Klimov Katrin , Weber Manuela , Böttcher Tobias , Müller Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe synthesis and isolation of a phosphinine selenide was achieved for the first time by reacting red selenium with 2,6‐bis(trimethylsilyl)phosphinine. The rather large coupling constant of 1JP,Se=883 Hz is in line with a P−Se bond of high s‐character. The σ‐electron donating Me3Si‐substituents significantly increase the energy of the phosphorus lone pair and hence its basicity, making the heterocycle considerably more basic and nucleophilic than the unsubstituted phosphinine C5H5P, as confirmed by the calculated gas phase basicities. NBO calculations further reveal that the lone pairs of the selenium atom are stabilized through donor‐acceptor interactions with antibonding orbitals of the aromatic ring. The novel phosphinine selenide shows a distinct reactivity towards hexafluoro‐2‐butyne, Au(I)Cl as well as iPrOH. Our results pave the way for new perspectives in the chemistry of phosphorus in low coordination.
Universal social needs assessment in gynecologic oncology: An important step toward more informed and targeted care in the public safety net
Authors: Nyakudarika Natsai C. , Holschneider Christine H. , Sinno Abdulrahman K. 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundSocial needs are actionable mediators of social determinants of health. Along with distress, they affect quality of life and survival in patients with cancer. The objectives of this study were to identify the most common social needs and distress in a largely immigrant gynecologic oncology patient population at a public safety‐net hospital and to evaluate for specific needs associated with distress and poor outcomes.MethodsThis was a prospective, survey‐based cohort study of patients who participated in a performance‐improvement initiative offering social needs assessment and distress screening. Patients provided sociodemographic information and completed validated surveys adapted from the Health Leads Social Needs Screening Toolkit, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer, and the Emotion Thermometers Tool. Associations between social needs, distress, and treatment outcomes were analyzed.ResultsIn total, 135 women were included. Of these, 65.2% had at least 1 unmet social need, and 36.3% screened positive for distress. Help reading hospital materials (30.4%) was the most frequently reported need. Social isolation (odds ratio [OR], 3.65; 95% CI, 1.35‐9.9; P = .01) and lack of safety at home (OR, 4.90; 95% CI, 2.23‐10.62; P = .0001) were associated with distress. Perceived lack of finances for medical care (OR, 5.69; 95% CI, 1.12‐28.9; P = .036) and lack of transportation (OR, 20.5; 95% CI, 2.69‐156.7; P = .004) were associated with nonadherence‐related treatment interruption, whereas positive distress scores were associated with interruption because of comorbidities or treatment‐related toxicities (OR, 20.5; 95% CI, 1.5‐268.6; P = .02).ConclusionsSystematically identifying social needs and developing interventions aimed at mitigating them may lead to more actionable health care disparities research and affect treatment outcomes.Lay Summary

Social needs are individual‐level social conditions that drive health disparities.

In this survey‐based study, the objective was to identify common social needs and how these relate to distress and poor health outcomes in a largely immigrant and underserved gynecologic oncology patient population.

The authors found that greater than one‐third of patients screened positive for distress, nearly two‐thirds had at least 1 unmet social need, and these factors were associated with emergency room visits, hospital admissions, and treatment interruptions.

These findings suggest that screening for universal social needs allows providers to identify unrecognized needs and implement interventions to mitigate distress and improve health outcomes.
Effects of different bleaching application durations on enamel in terms of tooth color, microhardness, and surface roughness
Authors: Ozdemir Zeyneb Merve , Surmelioglu Derya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this research was to assess the color differences (∆E00), Vickers microhardness, whiteness index, and surface roughness values of different durations of bleaching the enamel. One hundred and eight teeth were utilized for color evaluation, roughness, and microhardness (n = 36). Teeth were assigned to three groups (n = 12) based on the durations of the bleaching application. Bleaching agent was applied for 20 minutes in group 1, 40 minutes in group 2, and 60 minutes in group 3. The color was measured with a Vita Easyshade Advance 4.0 spectrophotometer before applying the bleach, and 24 hours, 7, and 14 days after bleaching application. The CIEDE2000 and whiteness index for dentistry values were calculated. The microhardness and surface roughness values were obtained before application and 7 and 14 days after application. Data were analyzed using two‐way ANOVA and post‐hoc LSD tests Group 3 had the largest color and whiteness changes. The whiteness index for dentistry values were statistically significantly increased, considering baseline measurements within all groups (P < .05). For the Vickers micohardness values, in group 3, a statistically significant difference was observed among baseline, and 7 days after application (P < .05). However, the surface roughness values showed no significant difference in any measurement (P > .05). According to this research in all groups, effective whitening was accomplished. Based on the results evaluated for whiteness, color alteration, microhardness, and roughness, the optimal bleaching duration of application was in 40 minutes.
Online data caching in edge computing
Authors: Han Xinxin , Gao Guichen , Wang Yang , Ting Hing‐Fung , You Ilsun , Zhang Yong 
Published: July 2021

SummaryData caching is an effective method to reduce traffic and improve the quality of service in network. Traditionally, users' requests are offloaded to the cloud for centralized computing. However, due to security and privacy, these tasks are executed in the nearest server, so that the data and service needed by the task are also essential. After the task is completed, in case the next arriving request needs the same data, resulting in transmission cost, the data need to be stored for a period of time, because we know nothing about the coming request information under an online request stream. In this article, we study data caching problem by extending single data item to multiple data items among servers. About the homogeneous model and the submodular model with constraint, we propose a data caching strategy minimizing the total transfer and caching costs of the system. Moreover, we also solve the semiheterogeneous model by the anticipatory caching (AC) algorithm in Reference 21. Meanwhile we find it is more efficient for our three models in this article to improve the performance.
Cationic Exciplexes: Role of Hydrogen Bonding in Deactivation and Electronic Coupling
Authors: Dinnocenzo Joseph P. , Farid Samir 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEmissive properties for the cationic exciplex (A+*/D→A.D.+) of an isoquinolinium cation tethered to a substituted arene (1+) are strongly affected by hydrogen bonding solvents. At equal dielectric constant (ϵ), the ground‐to‐excited state energy gaps (ΔG) and solvent reorganization energies (λs) decrease from nitriles to aliphatic alcohols. The corresponding decrease from aliphatic alcohols to high hydrogen bond acidity solvents is ∼3 times larger. The exciplex decay (kEx), largely determined by unfolding of the exciplex to a stretched conformer, changes in a complex way depending on the strength of the hydrogen bond ability of these solvents. In contrast, the electronic couplings between the exciplex ground, excited, and charge transfer states do not show a solvent functionality dependence.
Influence of voltine ecotype and geographic distance on genetic and haplotype variation in the Asian corn borer
Authors: Wang Yangzhou , Kim Kyung Seok , Li Qiyun , Zhang Yunyue , Wang Zhen‐Ying , Coates Brad Steven 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiapause is an adaptive dormancy strategy by which arthropods endure extended periods of adverse climatic conditions. Seasonal variation in larval diapause initiation and duration in Ostrinia furnacalis may influence adult mating generation number (voltinism) across different local environments. The degree to which voltine ecotype, geographic distance, or other ecological factors influence O. furnacalis population genetic structure remains uncertain. Genetic differentiation was estimated between voltine ecotypes collected from 8 locations. Mitochondrial haplotypes were significantly different between historically allopatric univoltine and bivoltine locations, but confounded by a strong correlation with geographic distance. In contrast, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes show low but significant levels of variation and a lack of influence of geographic distance between allopatric voltine locations. Regardless, 11 of 257 SNP loci were predicted to be under selection, suggesting population genetic homogenization except at loci proximal to factors putatively under selection. These findings provide evidence of haplotype divergent voltine ecotypes that may be maintained in allopatric and sympatric areas despite relatively high rates of nuclear gene flow, yet influence of voltinism on maintenance of observed haplotype divergence remains unresolved.