bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Open science practices for eating disorders research
Authors: Burke Natasha L. , Frank Guido K. W. , Hilbert Anja , Hildebrandt Thomas , Klump Kelly L. , Thomas Jennifer J. , Wade Tracey D. , Walsh B. Timothy , Wang Shirley B. , Weissman Ruth Striegel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis editorial seeks to encourage the increased application of three open science practices in eating disorders research: Preregistration, Registered Reports, and the sharing of materials, data, and code. For each of these practices, we introduce updated International Journal of Eating Disorders author and reviewer guidance. Updates include the introduction of open science badges; specific instructions about how to improve transparency; and the introduction of Registered Reports of systematic or meta‐analytical reviews. The editorial also seeks to encourage the study of open science practices. Open science practices pose considerable time and other resource burdens. Therefore, research is needed to help determine the value of these added burdens and to identify efficient strategies for implementing open science practices.
A European perspective on “clean eating”: Commentary on Negowetti et al. (2021)
Authors: Ghaderi Ata 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNegowetti et al. (2021) have provided insightful perspectives on the public health implications of the labeling of “clean” dietary products in the United States through a scoping review, along with feasible strategies to counteract the risks of this trend. Although the European Union has already fairly strict regulations about declaration of ingredients and health claims regarding food that makes it almost impossible to label food products as “clean,” the clean eating trend is alive and expanding in Europe, and usage of expressions such as “clean” or “pure” in other ways than on the label may convey similar messages that cannot be regulated by law. Increased regulation, legislation, and information through the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as suggested by Negowetti et al. (2021) is a welcome contribution and will certainly help to prevent some misinformation. However, labels are just one battle field in addressing misleading expressions and trends. Scientists should enter the relevant fields (e.g., Internet, TV, and social media) to a higher extent and provide solid, pedagogical and simple facts, and guidelines to vaccinate people against current and upcoming misleading dietary trends.
Foraging strategies, craniodental traits, and interaction in the bite force of Neotropical frugivorous bats (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae)
Authors: García‐Herrera Leidy Viviana , Ramírez‐Fráncel Leidy Azucena , Guevara Giovany , Reinoso‐Flórez Gladys , Sánchez‐Hernández Alfonso , Lim Burton K. , Losada‐Prado Sergio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Bats in the family Phyllostomidae exhibit great diversity in skull size and morphology that reflects the degree of resource division and ecological overlap in the group. In particular, the subfamily Stenodermatinae has high morphological diversification associated with cranial and mandibular traits that are associated with the ability to consume the full range of available fruits (soft and hard).

We analyzed craniodental traits and their relationship to the bite force in 343 specimens distributed in seven species of stenodermatine bats with two foraging strategies: nomadic and sedentary frugivory. We evaluated 19 traits related to feeding and bite force in live animals by correcting bite force with body size.

We used a generalized linear model (GLM) and post hoc tests to determine possible relationships and differences between cranial traits, species, and sex. We also used Blomberg's K to measure the phylogenetic signal and phylogenetic generalized least‐squares (PGLS) to ensure the phylogenetic independence of the traits.

We found that smaller nomadic species, A. anderseni and A. phaeotis , have a similar bite force to the large species A. planirostris and A. lituratus; furthermore, P. helleri registered a bite force similar to that of the sedentary bat, S. giannae. Our study determined that all the features of the mandible and most of the traits of the skull have a low phylogenetic signal. Through the PGLS, we found that the diet and several cranial features (mandibular toothrow length, dentary length, braincase breadth, mastoid breadth, greatest length of skull, condylo‐incisive length, and condylo‐canine length) determined bite force performance among Stenodermatiane.

Our results reinforce that skull size is a determining factor in the bite force, but also emphasize the importance of its relationships with morphology, ecology, and phylogeny of the species, which gives us a better understanding of the evolutionary adaptions of this highly diverse Neotropical bat group.
Survey of neurotransmitter receptor gene expression into and out of parental care in the burying beetleNicrophorus vespilloides
Authors: Cunningham Christopher B. , Khana Daven , Carter Annika , McKinney Elizabeth C. , Moore Allen J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic influences of traits of nonmodel organisms is crucial to understanding how novel traits arise. Do new traits require new genes or are old genes repurposed? How predictable is this process? Here, we examine this question for gene expression influencing parenting behavior in a beetle,Nicrophorus vespilloides. Parental care, produced from many individual behaviors, should be influenced by changes of expression of multiple genes, and one suggestion is that the genes can be predicted based on knowledge of behavior expected to be precursors to parental care, such as aggression, resource defense, and mating on a resource. Thus, testing gene expression during parental care allows us to test expectations of this “precursor hypothesis” for multiple genes and traits. We tested for changes of the expression of serotonin, octopamine/tyramine, and dopamine receptors, as well as one glutamate receptor, predicting that these gene families would be differentially expressed during social interactions with offspring and associated resource defense. We found that serotonin receptors were strongly associated with social and aggression behavioral transitions. Octopamine receptors produced a complex picture of gene expression over a reproductive cycle. Dopamine was not associated with the behavioral transitions sampled here, while the glutamate receptor was most consistent with a behavioral change of resource defense/aggression. Our results generate new hypotheses, refine candidate lists for further studies, and inform the genetic mechanisms that are co‐opted during the evolution of parent–offspring interactions, a likely evolutionary path for many lineages that become fully social. The precursor hypothesis, while not perfect, does provide a starting point for identifying candidate genes.
Standardizing the haemoglobin glycation index
Authors: Hempe James M. , Yang Shengping , Liu Shuqian , Hsia Daniel S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsA high haemoglobin glycation index (HGI) is associated with greater risk for hypoglycaemia and chronic vascular disease. Standardizing how the HGI is calculated would normalize results between research studies and hospital laboratories and facilitate the clinical use of HGI for assessing risk.MethodsThe HGI is the difference between an observed HbA1c and a predicted HbA1c obtained by inserting fasting plasma glucose (FPG) into a regression equation describing the linear relationship between FPG and HbA1c in a reference population. We used data from the 2005–2016 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to identify a reference population of 18,675 diabetes treatment–naïve adults without self‐reported diabetes. The reference population regression equation (predicted HbA1c = 0.024 FPG + 3.1) was then used to calculate the HGI and divide participants into low (<−0.150), moderate (−0.150 to <0.150) and high (≥0.150) HGI subgroups. Diabetes status was classified by OGTTs.ResultsAs previously reported in multiple studies, a high HGI was associated with black race independent of diabetes status, and with older age, higher BMI and higher CRP in normal and prediabetic but not diabetic participants. The mean HGI was 0.6% higher in self‐reported diabetic adults. The HGI was not associated with plasma insulin, HOMA‐IR or 2 h OGTT in participants classified as normal, prediabetic or diabetic.ConclusionsThe regression equation derived from this demographically diverse diabetes treatment–naïve adult NHANES reference population is suitable for standardizing how the HGI is calculated for both clinical use and in research to mechanistically explain population variation in the HGI and why a high HGI is associated with greater risk for chronic vascular disease.
Novel electroosmotic micromixer configuration based on ion‐selective microsphere
Authors: Schiffbauer Jarrod , Ganchenko Georgy , Nikitin Nikolay , Alekseev Maxim , Demekhin Evgeny 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a micromixer of a new configuration is presented, consisting of a spherical chamber in the center of which an ion‐selective microsphere is placed. Stratified liquid is introduced through the chamber via inlet and outlet holes under an external pressure gradient and an external electric field is directed in such a way that the resulting electroosmotic flow is directed against the pressure‐driven flow, resulting in mixing. The investigation is carried out by direct numerical simulation on a super‐computer. Optimal values of the applied electric field are determined to yield strong mixing. Above this optimal mixing regime, a number of instabilities and bifurcations are realized, which qualitatively coincide with those occurring during electrophoresis of an ion‐selective microgranule. As shown by our calculation, these instabilities do not lead to an enhanced mixing. The resulting electroconvective vortices remain confined near the surface of the microgranule, and do not sufficiently perturb the stratified fluid flow further from the granule. On the other hand, another type of instability caused by the salt concentration gradient can generate sufficiently strong oscillations to enhance mixing. However, this only occurs when the external electric field is sufficiently high that the electroosmotic flow is comparable to the pressure‐driven flow. This ultimately leads to creation of reverse flows of the liquid and cessation of the device operation. Thus, it was shown that the best mixing occurs in the absence of electrokinetic instability. Based on the data obtained, it is possible to select the necessary geometric characteristics of the micromixer to achieve the optimal mixing mode for a given set of liquids, which may be ten times more effective than passive mixers at the same flow rates. A comparison with the experimental data of the other authors confirms the effectiveness of this device and its other capabilities. Furthermore, the basic device design can be operated in other modes, for example, an electrohydrodynamic pump, a streaming current generator, or even a micro‐reactor, depending on the system parameters and choice of an ion‐selective granule.
Effect of software implementation on the result of computational fluid dynamics simulation of circulating fluidized bed risers
Authors: Nikku Markku , Niemi Timo , Kallio Sirpa , Daikeler Alexander 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile in scientific literature much focus is directed toward model validation, comparison, and even parametric investigations on individual model parameters, the possible effects of the used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software on the results are largely neglected. In this article, CFD modeling of circulating fluidized beds (CFB) are performed with Ansys Fluent and OpenFOAM to investigate the effect of software implementation on the simulation results. Transient Eulerian–Eulerian simulations are performed of two different laboratory‐scale CFB cold models in turbulent and circulating fluidized bed conditions. The same mesh and as identical models and settings as possible are utilized on both software. The obtained time‐average profiles of pressure, velocity, and solids volume fraction are compared between the software and with available measurements. A difference in the granular energy equation was identified between the software, and a modification was made to achieve the same formulation. The effect of boundary conditions was also investigated. It was found that depending on the case, the software could have a notable effect on the results. These differences are found especially in particle distribution, visible in the vertical pressure and solids volume fraction profiles as well as in external circulation mass flow rates.
Association of COVID‐19 with lifestyle behaviours and socio‐economic variables in Turkey: An analysis of Google Trends
Authors: Bayın Donar Gamze , Aydan Seda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aims to examine the relationship between COVID‐19 cases/deaths and Google data on lifestyle behaviours and socio‐economic variables in Turkey. The data of the research are composed of Google Trends search volume for various words related to socio‐economic conditions, nutritional attitudes, indoor behaviour, outdoor activities and confirmed COVID‐19 case and death data from the Ministry of Health from 31 December 2019 to 31 January 2021. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the Google search volumes of selected keywords and COVID‐19 case and deaths. In addition, repeated ANOVA and Bonferroni post‐hoc tests were performed to compare the differences in search volumes of selected keywords before and during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Correlation analysis showed that the strongest variables in each category were vitamin C, zinc, Zoom, online shopping, hotel, market, gym, unemployment and unemployment benefit. Compared to previous years, during the pandemic, there was a significant increase or decrease in the search volumes of almost all words. These results showed that the COVID‐19 significantly changed people's online interests regarding lifestyle behaviours and socio‐economic conditions. It is thought that the findings can guide health policies to be followed in reducing the effects of both behavioural changes and negative socio‐economic consequences.
Urethrovaginal fistula 11 years after a bone anchor sling using woven polyester and treatment with a Martius flap
Authors: Kato Kumiko , Suzuki Akitaka , Hayashi Yuji , Matsuyama Aika , Sai Hiroki , Ishiyama Akinobu , Kato Takashi , Inoue Satoshi , Hirabayashi Hiroki , Suzuki Shoji 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionWe encountered a urethrovaginal fistula diagnosed 11 years after a bone anchor sling.Case presentationA 58‐year‐old woman underwent a bone anchor sling to treat stress urinary incontinence. At age 69, mid‐urethral sling was planned because of a recurrent stress urinary incontinence diagnosis, but a urethrovaginal fistula was found immediately before the procedure. After removing woven polyester, the previous sling material, simple fistula closure was carried out but failed. Usage of a vaginal speculum and powerful medical lamps during a stress test revealed leakage from both the urethrovaginal fistula and the external urethral meatus. She underwent another fistula closure using a Martius flap. Subsequently, a 1‐h pad test improved from 195 to 5.1 g/h. The remaining mild stress urinary incontinence did not necessitate further treatment.ConclusionAnti‐incontinence procedures using synthetic materials can cause urethrovaginal fistula. Attention must be paid to the possibility of urethrovaginal fistula when patients complain of worsened incontinence postoperatively.
Implementation of a pharmacist‐managed population health monitoring tool for disease modifying therapies in treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis in a veterans affairs medical center
Authors: Martin Alison W. , Isaac Julianne , Furbish Amelia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionMultiple sclerosis is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that requires treatment with disease modifying therapies (DMTs). Use of DMTs has been associated with potential safety concerns dictating the need for medication monitoring.ObjectivesThe purpose of this project was to (1) establish specific guidelines for DMT monitoring that would be used to create a population health management (PHM) tool via electronic dashboard to allow targeted patient interventions by the neurology clinical pharmacy specialist, and (2) describe pharmacist interventions before and after dashboard implementation.MethodsMedication safety monitoring parameters were developed and utilized to implement a dashboard for DMT monitoring at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC). Qualifying DMTs included interferon beta‐1a/1b formulations, fingolimod, teriflunomide, and dimethyl fumarate. A standardized DMT medication ordering menu and note template were also developed. A retrospective chart review was conducted to assess compliance with recommended monitoring in the 6 months prior to dashboard implementation (descriptive phase) and 6 months after dashboard implementation (implementation phase).ResultsPrior to dashboard implementation, 40 patients were identified with a qualifying DMT prescription. Of those, 8 (20%) had an abnormal laboratory result, 26 (65%) lacked baseline testing, mostly complete blood counts (CBCs) and liver function tests (LFTs), and 17 (42.5%) lacked follow‐up monitoring. Of the 39 patients with a qualifying DMT prescription after dashboard implementation, 4 (10%) had an abnormal laboratory result and 4 (10%) lacked follow‐up monitoring. Eight patients were started on a new DMT, and of those 1 (12.5%) lacked baseline monitoring. Total pharmacist interventions decreased from 128 to 67 after process improvements and dashboard implementation.ConclusionDevelopment of standardized DMT monitoring guidelines and dashboard implementation resulted in improved DMT monitoring at this VAMC. This PHM approach to patient care allowed for targeted pharmacist interventions to improve patient safety and medication adherence.
From concept to reality: Building an ambulatory antimicrobial stewardship program
Authors: Jensen Kelsey L. , Rivera Christina G. , Draper Evan W. , Ausman Sara E. , Anderson Benjamin J. , Dinnes Laura M. , Christopherson Darrin R. , Prigge Kimberly A. , Rajapakse Nipunie S. , Vergidis Paschalis , Virk Abinash , Stevens Ryan W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHuman antimicrobial consumption largely occurs in the ambulatory setting, with inappropriate or unnecessary antimicrobial prescribing well documented in the literature. In 2020, The Joint Commission implemented a regulatory standard requiring the development and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) in those institutions surveyed under the ambulatory accreditation standard. While experience with inpatient antimicrobial stewardship has continued to increase, ambulatory ASPs are programmatically distinct and can present unique challenges with regards to operationalizing regulatory components. Herein, we lay a framework for addressing the task of developing an ambulatory ASP for a large health system by reviewing the regulatory requirements, examining relevant recent publications, and describing our institutional experience.
Impact of a pharmacist‐inclusive post‐discharge clinic on outcomes in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction: Rates of hospital readmission, emergency department visits, or death
Authors: Upton Addison J. , Tilton Ryan , Ogedengbe Opeyemi , Bankieris Kaitlyn R. , Smith LaVone , Trichon Benjamin , Thohan Vinay , Kiser Tyree H. , Sleater Laura Kiser 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionHeart failure hospitalization is a hallmark of disease progression associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Benefits of multidisciplinary clinics have been established in the care of heart failure patients and can be particularly impactful post‐hospital discharge.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the impact of a clinical pharmacist‐integrated model of care within a Heart Failure Bridge Clinic (HFBC) at a large tertiary care referral center.MethodsIn this single‐center retrospective study, patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤40% discharged from Mission Hospital (Asheville, North Carolina) between August 2018 and July 2019 were screened. Patients in the HFBC arm had a clinic visit inclusive of a clinical pharmacist within 30 days of hospital discharge and were compared with a control group of patients with a usual care provider clinic visit. The HFBC provided clinical assessment, detailed heart failure education, and medication reconciliation and adjustment with an emphasis on optimization of Guideline Directed Medical Therapy (GDMT). Patients were followed for 90 days for the primary end point of hospitalization, emergency department (ED) visit, or death.ResultsA total of 1463 patients (HFBC, n = 307; control, n = 1156) comprised our final cohort. After accounting for baseline variables, 90‐day cumulative probability of hospitalization, ED visit, or death favored HFBC patients (26% vs 32%, P = .0275). Comprehensive review of medications prior to and after HFBC appointment demonstrated significant alterations to therapies (30% GDMT addition, 27% GDMT titration, 7.2% discontinuation of medications associated with worsening heart failure, and 28% loop diuretic adjustment).ConclusionClinical pharmacist‐integrated HFBC allows for focused medication review and optimization and is associated with a 19% relative risk reduction in hospitalization, ED visit, or death at 90 days.
Pharmacist‐driven methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus screening protocol and the impact on vancomycin exposure in hospitalized patients with pneumonia
Authors: Evans Will , Paciullo Kristen , Trible Ronald 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlthough methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a rarely identified pathogen of pneumonia, providers are often compelled to use anti‐MRSA antibiotics empirically. As a result, patients may be exposed to unnecessary anti‐MRSA antibiotic therapy. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nares screening for MRSA colonization has repeatedly shown a negative predictive value of >95% for MRSA pneumonia. Therefore, nares screenings have the potential to serve as a valuable tool to de‐escalate anti‐MRSA antibiotics for patients with pneumonia. Our institution implemented a protocol whereby pharmacists order a MRSA PCR screen for patients with suspected MRSA pneumonia at the time of vancomycin initiation. For negative MRSA PCR results, pharmacists contact the provider and recommend discontinuation of vancomycin.ObjectivesThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of pharmacist‐driven MRSA PCR nares screening on duration of vancomycin therapy for patients with pneumonia.MethodsThis study was a retrospective cohort study of patients with suspected MRSA pneumonia pre‐ and post‐protocol implementation. The study was conducted at a community teaching hospital September 1, 2017 through November 30, 2017 (control) and September 1, 2018 through November 30, 2018 (intervention). Patients were excluded for the following: concomitant non‐pulmonary MRSA infection, septic shock requiring vasopressors, confirmed MRSA infection within the last 30 days, cystic fibrosis, or bronchiectasis. The primary endpoint was duration of vancomycin therapy.ResultsOur institutional review board‐approved study included 196 patients (n = 81 pre‐protocol, n = 115 post‐protocol). Post implementation of the MRSA nares screen protocol, patients received a significant reduction in median hours of vancomycin (38 vs 23.5 hours, P = .002). Reduction in vancomycin exposure was not found to adversely affect clinical outcomes such as length of stay or readmission at 30 days.ConclusionsImplementation of a pharmacist‐driven MRSA nares screen significantly and safely reduces unnecessary vancomycin exposure in patients with suspected pneumonia.