bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time-series prediction model of PM2.5 concentration based on LSTM neural network
Authors: Li Yiyang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
LSTM (long-short term memory neural network) is a neural network suitable for simulating and predicting time series changes. This paper designs a PM2.5 concentration prediction model based on the LSTM neural network. Use Python language programming implementation under the Tensor Flow framework, training the model using real weather data from 2015-01-01∼2019-01-01, and the obtained model can accurately predict the concentration change of future PM2.5. RMSE and DC were used as evaluation indexes to compare the LSTM neural network model with the traditional BP (Back Propagation) algorithm model. It turns out, LSTM model has the characteristics of high precision and stable prediction effect, proved that the time series prediction ability of the LSTM model is more superior. As an effective method for predicting PM2.5 concentration data, it can provide the basis for predicting pollutants.
Application of active learning algorithm in handwriting recognition numbers
Authors: Pu Tiantian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Active learning is very suitable for many problems in natural language processing, where unlabeled data may be abundant, but annotation is slow and expensive. This article aims to illustrate some active learning methods for handwritten digit recognition tasks, such as the least confidence and entropy methods. We investigated the previously used sequence model query selection strategies and used some selection strategies for sample labeling in handwritten digit recognition. We also conduct a large-scale empirical comparison of using multiple corpora, which shows that our proposed method improves the technical level.
Research on the method of warship formation threat assessment based on structural contribution degree
Authors: Song Guibao , Liu Zhenyu , Liu Tie , Qiang Yugong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a threat assessment method based on the structural contribution of equipment is proposed. The complex network theory, entropy weight method, grey correlation method and other assessment models are comprehensively used to deconstruct the structural contribution of equipment to combat tasks from the perspective of the contribution of each ship to the structure of the entire formation. The research results can help to determine the benefit value and priority of each ship attacking the enemy formation, guide our commanders and soldiers to destroy the air defense system of the enemy formation so as to reduce the function of the system, and provide reference for the target allocation of attacking the enemy formation.
Queue scheduling mechanism of integrative intelligent network based on information age
Authors: Zheng Jiangshan , Yang Li , Pan Chengsheng , Shi Huaifeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problems of deterministic transmission of delay-sensitive service flows and mixed transmission of different service flows in the integrative intelligent network, which can easily lead to network congestion collapse and excessive delay, a scheduling mechanism named SATAS based on information age is proposed. The service flows in the intelligent network aggregation node are classified into delay-sensitive and other types of service flows. Based on the idea of time division multiplexing, the service flow in the buffer queue is scheduled according to the gated list. Further, combined with the age of information, based on the multi-objective optimization decision-making theory, and according to the actual requirements of scheduling in the intelligent network, a suitable gate control list is obtained, thereby realizing the scheduling of business flows in the intelligent network. Finally, a simulation verification system is built to schedule different types of business flows. The simulation results show that the SATAS mechanism ensures the deterministic transmission of delay-sensitive service flows, while ensuring the mixed transmission of different service flows, reducing the queuing delay and frame loss rate.
Research on the formation logic and basic model of standards
Authors: Han Peng-Wu , Deng Xiao-Mei , Dang Wei , Nan Yi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The out-of-date and cross repetition of standards is one of the key issues in the current standardization work. Before the comprehensive application of modern technology to solve such issue, it is necessary to study the mechanism and logical relationship of standards in theory, so as to provide theoretical support for the research of modern technology. From the perspective of natural evolution and human social development, this paper studies and proposes the classification of standards and the mechanism of standards generation. Besides, from the perspective of system theory, the basic model of standards is also proposed and studied. Finally, from the per-spective of development and implementation, current issues are summarized, which provides support for the future study to propose a systematic scheme of standards out-of-date and cross repetition.
Development and Design of Crowd Evacuation Simulation System in Complex Environment
Authors: Zhou Runjia , Wang Weian , Xue Huijie , Chen Xudong , Wang Ziyang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to better evacuate people in emergencies and ensure the safety of people’s lives and properties, we designed and developed a simulation system for crowd evacuation in complex environments based on the RVO algorithm. The system has completed the functions of scene construction, crowd simulation, optimal path planning, evacuation process simulation and playback, and heat map analysis. After the evacuation process is over, the evacuation drawings, evacuation process and related content can be saved in the form of the entire project if the creator chooses to save it, which is convenient for future review.
Research on architecture design of UAV PHM system
Authors: Gao Tong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
According to the application requirements of state prediction and health management (PHM) technology in the field of UAV, this paper analyzes the functional requirements of UAV PHM system by referring to the research results and application experience of PHM technology at home and abroad and combining with the current situation of UAV support in China. Furthermore, this paper designs the architecture of UAV PHM system and introduces the workflow of the system in detail, which provides guidance and reference for the improvement of UAV comprehensive support level.
HTFP2D: An efficient transform framework for power primary drawing
Authors: Hongbo Liang , zhanfeng Wang , Xiaoting Chen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Power system needs not only graphics files, but also model files to realize mapping and association between power equipment and drawings. Drawing files are often composed of hundreds of graphic elements, which need to be transformed into structured model files through identification. In this paper, a hybrid transformation framework of primary power drawing (htfp2d) is proposed. The method of text and graphics recognition is integrated. Through the identification of key elements, the model file of a drawing is constructed and the drawing is redrawn. Experiments show that the method can effectively identify various drawings and promote the inheritance and use of historical drawing resources.
Research on Coordinated Control of Dual Motors Based on DSP
Authors: Wu Lanjiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to save energy and reduce emissions, improve the ecological environment and achieve sustainable development, the research and development of electric vehicles has become a common consensus in all countries in the world. As the core component of electric vehicles, the requirements for drive motors are getting higher and higher. The control strategy of the dual-stator motor is based on the mature vector control method of the traditional PMSM. The two sets of three-phase windings are transformed at the same time by rotating coordinate, and the vector control under the dual synchronous rotating coordinate is realized through separate decoupling; the control system uses TMS320F28335 as the control core, equipped with The dual stator motor vector control system makes full use of chip resources to realize the functions of rotor position detection, two-winding current and voltage acquisition and IGBT drive at the same time to complete the torque control of the two stator windings. It is verified by experiments that the control system meets the requirements of electric vehicle power system, with simple structure and strong practicability.
Shortest path planning for mobile chargers
Authors: Yi Huiyang , Shen Xiaojian , Wang Jiaqi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the shortest path that a mobile charger should travel when charging a wireless rechargeable sensor network. Under the condition that the latitude and longitude of each node in the wireless rechargeable sensor network are known, we combine the actual working conditions of the mobile charger to establish a TSP problem model and use two improved modern optimization algorithms and three common optimization algorithms to solve. By comparing the results, we conclude that the improved genetic algorithm can obtain the shortest path length of 11485 m with the least number of iterations. The improved genetic algorithm has better applicability to the problem in this background.
A novel underwater bipedal walking soft robot bio-inspired by the coconut octopus
Authors: Wu Qiuxuan , Yang Xiaochen , Wu Yan , Zhou Zhijun , Wang Jian , Zhang Botao , Luo Yanbin , Chepinskiy Sergey A , Zhilenkov Anton A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In order to increase the compatibility between underwater robots and the underwater environment and inspired by the coconut octopus’s underwater bipedal walking, a method was proposed for bipedal walking for an underwater soft robot based on a spring-loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP) model. Using the characteristics of octopus tentacles rolling on the ground, a wrist arm was designed using the cable-driven method, and an underwater SLIP bipedal walking model was established, which makes an underwater soft robot more suitable for moving on uneven ground. An underwater bipedal walking soft robot based on coconut octopus was then designed, and a machine vision algorithm was used to extract the motion information for analysis. Experimental analysis shows that the underwater bipedal walking robot can achieve an average speed of 6.48 cm s−1, and the maximum instantaneous speed can reach 8.14 cm s−1.
A staggered 3-layer DOI PET detector using BaSO4 reflector for enhanced crystal identification and inter-crystal scattering event discrimination capability
Authors: Kang Han Gyu , Nishikido Fumihiko , Yamaya Taiga 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The spatial resolution of small animal positron emission tomography (PET) scanners can be improved by the use of crystals with fine pitch and rejection of inter-crystal scattering (ICS) events, which leads to a better quantification of radiopharmaceuticals. On the other hand, depth-of-interaction (DOI) information is essential to preserve the spatial resolution at the PET field-of-view (FOV) periphery while keeping the sensitivity. In this study we proposed a novel staggered 3-layer DOI detector using BaSO4 reflector material for an enhanced crystal identification performance as well as ICS event rejection capability over those of ESR reflector based DOI detectors. The proposed staggered 3-layer DOI detector had 3-layer staggered LYSO crystal arrays (crystal pitch = 1 mm), an acrylic light guide, and a 4 × 4 SiPM array. The 16 SiPM anode signals were read out by using a resistive network to encode the crystal position and energy information while the timing signal was extracted from the common cathode. The crystal map quality was substantially enhanced by using the BaSO4 reflector material as compared to that of the ESR reflector due to the low optical crosstalk between the LYSO crystals. The ICS events can be rejected with BaSO4 by using simple pulse height discrimination thanks to the light collection efficiency difference that depends on the crystal layers. As a result, the total number of events was decreased around 26% with BaSO4 as compared to that of ESR. The overall energy resolution and coincidence timing resolution with BaSO4 were 19.7 ± 5.6% and 591 ± 160 ps, respectively which were significantly worse than 10.9 ± 2.2% and 308 ± 23 ps values of ESR because of the relatively low light collection efficiency with BaSO4 (1057 ± 308 ADC) compared to that of ESR (1808 ± 118 ADC). In conclusion, we found the proposed staggered 3-layer DOI detector using the BaSO4 reflector material with ICS event rejection capability can be a cost-effective solution for realizing high resolution and highly sensitive small animal PET scanners while minimizing the complexity of the SiPM readout circuit.
Ambipolar carbon nanotube transistors with hybrid nanodielectric for low-voltage CMOS-like electronics
Authors: Portilla Luis , Zhao Jianwen , Zhao Jing , Occhipinti Luigi G , Pecunia Vincenzo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The proliferation of place-and-forget devices driven by the exponentially-growing Internet of Things industry has created a demand for low-voltage thin-film transistor (TFT) electronics based on solution-processible semiconductors. Amongst solution-processible technologies, TFTs based on semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNTs) are a promising candidate owing to their comparatively high current driving capability in their above-threshold region at low voltages, which is desirable for applications with constraints on supply voltage and switching speed. Low-voltage above-threshold operation in sc-SWCNTs is customarily achieved by using high-capacitance-density gate dielectrics such as metal-oxides fabricated via atomic layer deposition (ALD) and ion-gels. These are unattractive, as ALD requires complex-processing or exotic precursors, while ion-gels lead to slower devices with poor stability. This work demonstrates the fabrication of low-voltage above-threshold sc-SWCNTs TFTs based on a high-capacitance-density hybrid nanodielectric, which is composed of a readily-made AlO
x
nanolayer and a solution-processed self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The resultant TFTs can withstand a gate-channel voltage of 1–2 V, which ensures their above-threshold operation with balanced ambipolar behavior and electron/hole mobilities of 7 cm2 V−1 s−1. Key to achieving balanced ambipolarity is the mitigation of environmental factors via the encapsulation of the devices with an optimized spin-on polymer coating, which preserves the inherent properties of the sc-SWCNTs. Such balanced ambipolarity enables the direct implementation of CMOS-like circuit configurations without the use of additional dopants, semiconductors or source/drain electrode metals. The resultant CMOS-like inverters operate in the above-threshold region with supply voltages in the 1–2 V range, and have positive noise margins, gain values surpassing 80 V/V, and a bandwidth exceeding 100 kHz. This reinforces SAM-based nanodielectrics as an attractive route to easy-to-fabricate sc-SWCNT TFTs that can operate in the above-threshold region and that can meet the demand for low-voltage TFT electronics requiring moderate speeds and higher driving currents for wearables and sensing applications.
Optimum design of an eight pole electromagnetic bearing
Authors: Bisht Shishir , Gupta Nitin Kumar , Tharke G D , Somani Nalin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper aims to give the step by step design procedure of an electromagnetic bearing having eight pole for machine tool applications having the shaft diameter of 20 mm and rotate with the speed of 750 rpm. The mathematical procedure consists of the geometrical as well as constraints due to losses occur in the electromagnetic bearing which makes the designing more accurate. Finally, optimization has been done to get the optimum values of the dimension of the electromagnetic bearing. By interior trust method numerical optimization has carried out to find out the optimum values of the dimensions of an electromagnetic bearing to maximize the electromagnetic force exerted by it. This has supported by a CAD model using Solid Works showing the dimensions of the model. The mathematical model compared with the available literature on electromagnetics bearing and found to be an effective with consideration of all iron and copper losses. The results show the designed bearing can produce a magnetic force of 166 N from each electromagnet on the shaft. For the application an electric hand drill machine has to be taken and an electromagnetic bearing consists of 8 electromagnets has been designed which is capable of generating 29 N of electromagnetic force onto the shaft of the electric hand drill machine.
Piezoelectric inchworm actuator using silicon as the mechanical material
Authors: Hughes George , Adams Mark 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Piezoelectric inchworm actuators allow for a large stroke and high precision. This paper aims to minimize the footprint of the actuator by using semiconductor and MEMS fabrication techniques to build the frame and channel out of silicon wafers. The high precision of the semiconductor processes allows for precise tolerances as well as the ability to use batch processing for a shorter fabrication time. Using silicon as the mechanical material can also allow for the incorporation of the electrical signals into the frame.
Comparison of 2 Case Definitions for Ascertaining the Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among 8-Year-Old Children
Authors: Maenner Matthew J , Graves Sierra J , Peacock Georgina , Honein Margaret A , Boyle Coleen A , Dietz Patricia M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network conducts population-based surveillance of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among 8-year-old children in multiple US communities. From 2000 to 2016, investigators at ADDM Network sites classified ASD from collected text descriptions of behaviors from medical and educational evaluations which were reviewed and coded by ADDM Network clinicians. It took at least 4 years to publish data from a given surveillance year. In 2018, we developed an alternative case definition utilizing ASD diagnoses or classifications made by community professionals. Using data from surveillance years 2014 and 2016, we compared the new and previous ASD case definitions. Compared with the prevalence based on the previous case definition, the prevalence based on the new case definition was similar for 2014 and slightly lower for 2016. Sex and race/ethnicity prevalence ratios were nearly unchanged. Compared with the previous case definition, the new case definition’s sensitivity was 86% and its positive predictive value was 89%. The new case definition does not require clinical review and collects about half as much data, yielding more timely reporting. It also more directly measures community identification of ASD, thus allowing for more valid comparisons among communities, and reduces resource requirements while retaining measurement properties similar to those of the previous definition.
Associations between preoperative anaemia and hospital costs following major abdominal surgery: cohort study
Authors: Meyerov J , Louis M , Lee D K , Fletcher L , Banyasz D , Miles L F , Ma R , Tosif S , Koshy A N , Story D A , Bellomo R , Weinberg L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Determining the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of patient blood management programmes relies on quantifying the economic burden of preoperative anaemia. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the hospital costs attributable to preoperative anaemia in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery.

Methods
Patients who underwent major abdominal surgery between 2010 and 2018 were included. The association between preoperative patient haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and hospital costs was evaluated by curve estimation based on the least-square method. The in-hospital cost of index admission was calculated using an activity-based costing methodology. Multivariable regression analysis and propensity score matching were used to estimate the effects of Hb concentration on variables related directly to hospital costs.

Results
A total of 1286 patients were included. The median overall cost was US $18 476 (i.q.r.13 784–27 880), and 568 patients (44.2 per cent) had a Hb level below 13.0 g/dl. Patients with a preoperative Hb level below 9.0 g/dl had total hospital costs that were 50.6 (95 per cent c.i. 14.1 to 98.9) per cent higher than those for patients with a preoperative Hb level of 9.0–13.0 g/dl (P &lt; 0.001), 72.5 (30.6 to 128.0) per cent higher than costs for patients with a Hb concentration of 13.1–15.0 g/dl (P &lt; 0.001), and 62.4 (21.8 to 116.7) per cent higher than those for patients with a Hb level greater than 15.0 g/dl (P &lt; 0.001). Multivariable general linear modelling showed that packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions were a principal cost driver in patients with a Hb concentration below 9.0 g/dl.

Conclusion
Patients with the lowest Hb concentration incurred the highest hospital costs, which were strongly associated with increased PRBC transfusions. Costs and possible complications may be decreased by treating preoperative anaemia, particularly more severe anaemia.
Adaptation to the dietary sugar D-tagatose via genome instability in polyploid Candida albicans cells
Authors: Thomson Gregory J , Kakade Pallavi , Hirakawa Matthew P , Ene Iuliana V , Bennett Richard J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans undergoes an unusual parasexual cycle wherein diploid cells mate to form tetraploid cells that can generate genetically diverse progeny via a nonmeiotic program of chromosome loss. The genetic diversity afforded by parasex impacts clinically relevant features including drug resistance and virulence, and yet the factors influencing genome instability in C. albicans are not well defined. To understand how environmental cues impact genome instability, we monitored ploidy change following tetraploid cell growth in a panel of different carbon sources. We found that growth in one carbon source, D-tagatose, led to high levels of genomic instability and chromosome loss in tetraploid cells. This sugar is a stereoisomer of L-sorbose which was previously shown to promote karyotypic changes in C. albicans. However, while expression of the SOU1 gene enabled utilization of L-sorbose, overexpression of this gene did not promote growth in D-tagatose, indicating differences in assimilation of the two sugars. In addition, genome sequencing of multiple progenies recovered from D-tagatose cultures revealed increased relative copy numbers of chromosome 4, suggestive of chromosome-level regulation of D-tagatose metabolism. Together, these studies identify a novel environmental cue that induces genome instability in C. albicans, and further implicate chromosomal changes in supporting metabolic adaptation in this species.
SELECTION FOR RECOMBINATION IN PARTIALLY SELF-FERTILIZING POPULATIONS
Authors: Charlesworth D , Charlesworth B , Strobeck C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper confirms HOLDEN'S (1979) suggestion that certain types of fitness interactions between a pair of loci in partially self-fertilizing populations may promote selection for increased recombination between them. Our results are based on both algebraic and computer calculations of the fate of alleles at a third locus, which control the level of recombination between the selected pair. We also show that the behavior of the population mean fitness as a function of recombination fraction is not necessarily an indicator of the direction of selection on recombination in partially selfiig populations.