bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ORi™: a new indicator of oxygenation
Authors: Ishida Yusuke , Okada Toshio , Kobayashi Takayuki , Uchino Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the perioperative period, hypoxemia and hyperoxia are crucial factors that require attention, because they greatly affect patient prognoses. The pulse oximeter has been the only noninvasive monitor that can be used as a reference of oxygenation in current anesthetic management; however, in recent years, a new monitoring method that uses the oxygen reserve index (ORi™) has been developed by Masimo Corp. ORi is an index that reflects the state of moderate hyperoxia (partial pressure of arterial oxygen [PaO2] between 100 and 200 mmHg) using a non-unit scale between 0.00 and 1.00. ORi monitoring performed together with percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) measurements may become an important technique in the field of anesthetic management, for measuring oxygenation reserve capacity. By measuring ORi, it is possible to predict hypoxemia and to detect hyperoxia at an early stage. In this review, we summarize the method of ORi, cautions for its use, and suitable cases for its use. In the near future, the monitoring of oxygen concentrations using ORi may become increasingly common for the management of respiratory function before, after, and during surgery.
Korovkin-type theorems on $$B({\mathcal {H}})$$ and their applications to function spaces
Authors: Bauer Wolfram , Kumar V. B. Kiran , Rajan Rahul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe prove Korovkin-type theorems in the setting of infinite dimensional Hilbert space operators. The classical Korovkin theorem unified several approximation processes. Also, the non-commutative versions of the theorem were obtained in various settings such as Banach algebras, $$C^{*}$$

C

∗

-algebras and lattices etc. The Korovkin-type theorem in the context of preconditioning large linear systems with Toeplitz structure can be found in the recent literature. In this article, we obtain a Korovkin-type theorem on $$B({\mathcal {H}})$$

B
(
H
)

which generalizes all such results in the recent literature. As an application of this result, we obtain Korovkin-type approximation for Toeplitz operators acting on various function spaces including Bergman space $$A^{2}({\mathbb {D}})$$

A
2

(
D
)

, Fock space $$F^{2}({\mathbb {C}})$$

F
2

(
C
)

etc. These results are closely related to the preconditioning problem for operator equations with Toeplitz structure on the unit disk $${\mathbb {D}}$$
D
and on the whole complex plane $${\mathbb {C}}$$
C
. It is worthwhile to notice that so far such results are available for Toeplitz operators on circle only. This also establishes the role of Korovkin-type approximation techniques on function spaces with certain oscillation property. To address the function theoretic questions using these operator theory tools will be an interesting area of further research.
Creation and validation of the Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale Research Short-Form (PSAS-RSF)
Authors: Davies Siân M. , Christiansen Paul , Harrold Joanne A. , Silverio Sergio A. , Fallon Victoria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Postpartum Specific Anxiety Scale (PSAS) is a valid, reliable measure of postpartum anxiety (PPA). However, it contains 51 items, so is limited by its length. This study aimed to reduce the number of items in the PSAS, produce a small number of high-performing short-form tools, and confirm the factor structure of the most statistically and theoretically meaningful model. A pooled sample of English-speaking mothers (N = 2033) with infants up to 12 months were randomly split into three samples. (1) A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to initially reduce the items (n = 672). (2) Four short-form versions of varying length (informed by statistical, theoretical, lay-person, and expert-guided feedback) were developed and their factor structure examined (n = 673). (3) A final confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed to confirm the factor structure of the PSAS Research Short-Form (PSAS-RSF) (n = 688). PCA and theoretical review reduced the items from 51 to 34 (version 1). Statistical review retained 22 items (version 2). Quantitative expert panel data retained 17 items (version 3). Qualitative expert panel data retained 16 items (version 4). The 16-item version was deemed the most theoretically and psychometrically robust. The resulting 16-item PSAS-RSF demonstrated good psychometric properties and reliability. The PSAS-RSF is the first brief research tool which has been validated to measure PPA. Our findings demonstrate it is theoretically meaningful, statistically robust, reliable, and valid. This study extends the use of the measure up to 12 months postpartum, offering broader opportunity for measurement while further enhancing accessibility through brevity.
A qualitative investigation of LGBTQ+ young people’s experiences and perceptions of self-managing their mental health
Authors: Town Rosa , Hayes Daniel , Fonagy Peter , Stapley Emily 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere is evidence that young people generally self-manage their mental health using self-care strategies, coping methods and other self-management techniques, which may better meet their needs or be preferable to attending specialist mental health services. LGBTQ+ young people are more likely than their peers to experience a mental health difficulty and may be less likely to draw on specialist support due to fears of discrimination. However, little is known about LGBTQ+ young people’s experiences and perceptions of self-managing their mental health. Using a multimodal qualitative design, 20 LGBTQ+ young people participated in a telephone interview or an online focus group. A semi-structured schedule was employed to address the research questions, which focussed on LGBTQ+ young people’s experiences and perceptions of self-managing their mental health, what they perceived to stop or help them to self-manage and any perceived challenges to self-management specifically relating to being LGBTQ+ . Reflexive thematic analysis yielded three key themes: (1) self-management strategies and process, (2) barriers to self-management and (3) facilitators to self-management. Participants’ most frequently mentioned self-management strategy was ‘speaking to or meeting up with friends or a partner’. Both barriers and facilitators to self-management were identified which participants perceived to relate to LGBTQ+ identity. Social support, LGBTQ+ youth groups and community support were identified as key facilitators to participants’ self-management of their mental health, which merits further investigation in future research. These findings also have important implications for policy and intervention development concerning LGBTQ+ young people’s mental health.
Coriolis-induced instabilities in centrifuge modeling of granular flow
Authors: Leonardi A. , Cabrera M. A. , Pirulli M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGranular flows are typically studied in laboratory flumes based on common similarity scaling, which create stress fields that only roughly approximate field conditions. The geotechnical centrifuge produces stress conditions that are closer to those observed in the field, but steady conditions can be hardly achieved. Moreover, secondary effects induced by the apparent Coriolis acceleration, which can either dilate or compress the flow, often obscure scaling. This work aims at studying a set of numerical experiments where the effects of the Coriolis acceleration are measured and analyzed. Three flow states are observed: dense, dilute, and unstable. It is found that flows generated under the influence of dilative Coriolis accelerations are likely to become unstable. Nevertheless, a steady dense flow can still be obtained if a large centrifuge is used. A parametric group is proposed to predict the insurgence of instabilities; this parameter can guide experimental designs and could help to avoid damage to the experimental apparatus and model instrumentation.Graphic abstract
Establishing Sustainable Cell Lines of a Coral, Acropora tenuis
Authors: Kawamura Kaz , Nishitsuji Koki , Shoguchi Eiichi , Fujiwara Shigeki , Satoh Noriyuki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPlanula larvae of the scleractinian coral, Acropora tenuis, consist of elongated ectodermal cells and developing inner endodermal cells. To establish in vitro cell lines for future studies of cellular and developmental potential of coral cells, larvae were successfully dissociated into single cells by treating them with a tissue dissociation solution consisting of trypsin, EDTA, and collagenase. Brown-colored cells, translucent cells, and pale blue cells were the major components of dissociated larvae. Brown-colored cells began to proliferate transiently in the culture medium that was devised for the coral, while translucent cells and pale blue cells decreased in number about 1 week after cell dissociation. In addition, when a modular protease, plasmin, was added to the cell culture medium, brown-colored cells extended pseudopodia and assumed amorphous shapes. They then continued to proliferate in clumps for more than 6 months with a doubling time of approximately 4–5 days. From 3 weeks of cell culture onward, brown-colored cells often aggregated and exhibited morphogenesis-like behavior to form flat sheets, and blastula-like clusters or gastrula-like spheres. Single cells or cell-clusters of the cell lines were analyzed by RNA-seq. This analysis showed that genes expressed in these cells in vitro were A. tenuis genes. Furthermore, each cell line expressed a specific set of genes, suggesting that their properties include gastroderm, secretory cells, undifferentiated cells, neuronal cells, and epidermis. All cell properties were maintained stably throughout successive cell cultures. These results confirm the successful establishment of a coral in vitro cell line.
Direct oral anticoagulants vs. low-molecular-weight heparin for pulmonary embolism in patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Dubinski Daniel , Won Sae-Yeon , Voss Martin , Keil Fee , Miesbach Wolfgang , Behmanesh Bedjan , Dosch Max , Baumgarten Peter , Bernstock Joshua D. , Seifert Volker , Freiman Thomas M. , Gessler Florian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is a cancer type with high thrombogenic potential and GBM patients are therefore at a particularly high risk for thrombotic events. To date, only limited data on anticoagulation management after pulmonary embolism (PE) in GBM is available and the sporadic use of DOACs remains off-label. A retrospective cohort analysis of patients with GBM and postoperative, thoracic CT scan confirmed PE was performed. Clinical course, follow-up at 6 and 12 months and the overall survival (OS) were evaluated using medical charts and neuroradiological data. Out of 584 GBM patients, 8% suffered from postoperative PE. Out of these, 30% received direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and 70% low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for therapeutic anticoagulation. There was no significant difference in major intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), re-thrombosis, or re-embolism between the two cohorts. Although statistically non-significant, a tendency to reduced mRS at 6 and 12 months was observed in the LMWH cohort. Furthermore, patients receiving DOACs had a statistical benefit in OS. In our analysis, DOACs showed a satisfactory safety profile in terms of major ICH, re-thrombosis, and re-embolism compared to LMWH in GBM patients with postoperative PE. Prospective, randomized trials are urgent to evaluate DOACs for therapeutic anticoagulation in GBM patients with PE.
Craniotomy size for traumatic acute subdural hematomas in elderly patients—same procedure for every age?
Authors: Pinggera Daniel , Bauer Marlies , Unterhofer Michael , Thomé Claudius , Unterhofer Claudia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSurgical treatment of acute subdural hematoma (aSDH) is still matter of debate, especially in the elderly. A retrospective study to compare two different surgical approaches, namely standard (SC, craniotomy size > 8 cm) and limited craniotomy (LC, craniotomy size < 8 cm), was conducted in elderly patients with traumatic aSDH to identify the role of craniotomy size in terms of clinical and radiological outcome. Sixty-four patients aged 75 or older with aSDH as sole lesion were retrospectively analyzed. Data were collected pre- and postoperatively including clinical and radiological criteria. The primary outcome parameter was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcome parameters were radiological. The mean age was 79.2 (± 3.1) years with no difference between groups and almost equal distribution of craniotomy size. Mortality rate was significantly higher in the SC group in comparison to the LC group (68.4% vs. 31.6%; p = 0.045). The preoperative HD (p = 0.08) and the MLS (p = 0.09) were significantly higher in the SC group, whereas postoperative radiological evaluation showed no significant difference in HD or MLS. A limited craniotomy is sufficient for adequate evacuation of an aSDH in the elderly achieving the same radiological and clinical outcome.
Differences in the expression of SSTR1–5 in meningiomas and its therapeutic potential
Authors: Behling Felix , Fodi Christina , Skardelly Marco , Renovanz Mirjam , Castaneda Salvador , Tabatabai Ghazaleh , Honegger Jürgen , Tatagiba Marcos , Schittenhelm Jens 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBeyond microsurgical resection and radiation therapy, there are currently no established treatment alternatives for meningioma patients. In selected cases, peptide radio receptor therapy (PRRT) can be implemented. For this purpose, a radionuclide is bound to a substance targeting specific receptors in meningiomas. One of them is somatostatin receptor 2, which can be found in most meningiomas. However, other somatostatin receptors (SSTR) exist, but their expressions have only been described in small case series. In this study, we analyzed the expression of SSTR1, 2A, 3, 4, and 5 in a large cohort of meningiomas in order to enable further refinement of this innovative treatment option. Overall, 726 tumor samples were processed into tissue microarrays and stained for SSTR1, 2A, 3, 4, and 5 immunohistochemically. Microscopic evaluation was done with an established semiquantitative score regarding percentual quantification and staining intensity, and results were correlated with clinical data. There was a significant lower rate of SSTR1 expression in meningiomas of male patients. Older age was associated with higher expression of SSTR1, 2A, and 5 and lower scores for SSTR3 and 4. Tumors treated with radiotherapy before resection showed lower rates of SSTR1 and 5 expression, while recurrent meningiomas had lower SSTR1 scores. Tumor tissue from patients suffering from neurofibromatosis type 2 had lower expression scores for SSTR1, 2, and 5. For SSTR3 and 4, NF2 patients showed higher scores than sporadic tumors. Spinal meningiomas had higher scores for SSTR1, 4, and 5 compared tumor location of the skull base and convexity/falx. Overall, higher WHO grade was associated with lower SSTR scores. While all SSTRs were expressed, there are marked differences of SSTR expression between meningioma subgroups. This has the potential to drive the development of more selective PRRT substances with higher treatment efficacy.
A New Upper Bound for Sampling Numbers
Authors: Nagel Nicolas , Schäfer Martin , Ullrich Tino 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe provide a new upper bound for sampling numbers $$(g_n)_{n\in \mathbb {N}}$$

(

g
n

)

n
∈
N

associated with the compact embedding of a separable reproducing kernel Hilbert space into the space of square integrable functions. There are universal constants $$C,c>0$$

C
,
c
>
0

(which are specified in the paper) such that $$\begin{aligned} g^2_n \le \frac{C\log (n)}{n}\sum \limits _{k\ge \lfloor cn \rfloor } \sigma _k^2,\quad n\ge 2, \end{aligned}$$

g
n
2

≤

C
log
(
n
)

n

∑

k
≥
⌊
c
n
⌋

σ
k
2

,

n
≥
2
,

where $$(\sigma _k)_{k\in \mathbb {N}}$$

(

σ
k

)

k
∈
N

is the sequence of singular numbers (approximation numbers) of the Hilbert–Schmidt embedding $$\mathrm {Id}:H(K) \rightarrow L_2(D,\varrho _D)$$

Id
:
H

(
K
)

→

L
2

(
D
,

ϱ
D

)

. The algorithm which realizes the bound is a least squares algorithm based on a specific set of sampling nodes. These are constructed out of a random draw in combination with a down-sampling procedure coming from the celebrated proof of Weaver’s conjecture, which was shown to be equivalent to the Kadison–Singer problem. Our result is non-constructive since we only show the existence of a linear sampling operator realizing the above bound. The general result can for instance be applied to the well-known situation of $$H^s_{\text {mix}}(\mathbb {T}^d)$$

H
mix
s

(

T

d

)

in $$L_2(\mathbb {T}^d)$$

L
2

(

T

d

)

with $$s>1/2$$

s
>
1
/
2

. We obtain the asymptotic bound $$\begin{aligned} g_n \le C_{s,d}n^{-s}\log (n)^{(d-1)s+1/2}, \end{aligned}$$

g
n

≤

C

s
,
d

n

-
s

log

(
n
)

(
d
-
1
)
s
+
1
/
2

,

which improves on very recent results by shortening the gap between upper and lower bound to $$\sqrt{\log (n)}$$

log
(
n
)

. The result implies that for dimensions $$d>2$$

d
>
2

any sparse grid sampling recovery method does not perform asymptotically optimal.
Physically distant but socially close? Changes in non-physical intergenerational contacts at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic among older people in France, Italy and Spain
Authors: Arpino Bruno , Pasqualini Marta , Bordone Valeria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhysical distancing is intended to mitigate the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. However, the impact of a decrease in face-to-face contacts on non-physical social contacts of older people remains unclear. In particular, we focus on intergenerational contacts that are especially relevant for older people’s mental health. Our analyses rely on an online quota sampling survey conducted in France, Italy and Spain during April 14–24, 2020. We considered the subsample of individuals aged 50 + (N = 4207). We calculated post-stratification weights based on official statistics and used logistic regressions to analyze how changes in intergenerational contacts differed by socioeconomic factors and to what extent non-physical contacts (via phone, social media, etc.) have compensated the reduction in face-to-face contacts. Finally, the change in digital devices’ use has been explored as a consequence of both decreased physical intergenerational contacts (PIC) and increased non-physical intergenerational contacts (NPIC). We found that about 50% of older people have increased their NPIC during the first lockdown. Younger individuals, those with medium level of education, and those economically better off displayed higher probabilities of increased NPIC as compared to their counterparts. NPIC increased especially for individuals whose face-to-face contacts decreased, particularly so if this happened with respect to contacts with children. A large share of older people has increased their use of video calls and instant messages, while only some increased the use of social media. These findings are relevant to understand how intergenerational contacts changed during the pandemic and may be central to better plan future outbreak responses.
Production and scavenging of reactive oxygen species both affect reproductive success in male and female Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Turnell Biz R. , Kumpitsch Luisa , Reinhardt Klaus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSperm aging is accelerated by the buildup of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which cause oxidative damage to various cellular components. Aging can be slowed by limiting the production of mitochondrial ROS and by increasing the production of antioxidants, both of which can be generated in the sperm cell itself or in the surrounding somatic tissues of the male and female reproductive tracts. However, few studies have compared the separate contributions of ROS production and ROS scavenging to sperm aging, or to cellular aging in general. We measured reproductive fitness in two lines of Drosophila melanogaster genetically engineered to (1) produce fewer ROS via expression of alternative oxidase (AOX), an alternative respiratory pathway; or (2) scavenge fewer ROS due to a loss-of-function mutation in the antioxidant gene dj-1β. Wild-type females mated to AOX males had increased fecundity and longer fertility durations, consistent with slower aging in AOX sperm. Contrary to expectations, fitness was not reduced in wild-type females mated to dj-1β males. Fecundity and fertility duration were increased in AOX and decreased in dj-1β females, indicating that female ROS levels may affect aging rates in stored sperm and/or eggs. Finally, we found evidence that accelerated aging in dj-1β sperm may have selected for more frequent mating. Our results help to clarify the relative roles of ROS production and ROS scavenging in the male and female reproductive systems.
A space mission to map the entire observable universe using the CMB as a backlight
Authors: Basu Kaustuv , Remazeilles Mathieu , Melin Jean-Baptiste , Alonso David , Bartlett James G. , Battaglia Nicholas , Chluba Jens , Churazov Eugene , Delabrouille Jacques , Erler Jens , Ferraro Simone , Hernández-Monteagudo Carlos , Hill J. Colin , Hotinli Selim C. , Khabibullin Ildar , Madhavacheril Mathew , Mroczkowski Tony , Nagai Daisuke , Raghunathan Srinivasan , Martin Jose Alberto Rubino , Sayers Jack , Scott Douglas , Sugiyama Naonori , Sunyaev Rashid , Zubeldia Íñigo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis Science White Paper, prepared in response to the ESA Voyage 2050 call for long-term mission planning, aims to describe the various science possibilities that can be realized with an L-class space observatory that is dedicated to the study of the interactions of cosmic microwave background (CMB) photons with the cosmic web. Our aim is specifically to use the CMB as a backlight – and survey the gas, total mass, and stellar content of the entire observable Universe by means of analyzing the spatial and spectral distortions imprinted on it. These distortions result from two major processes that impact on CMB photons: scattering by free electrons and atoms (Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect in diverse forms, Rayleigh scattering, resonant scattering) and deflection by gravitational potential (lensing effect). Even though the list of topics collected in this White Paper is not exhaustive, it helps to illustrate the exceptional diversity of major scientific questions that can be addressed by a space mission that will reach an angular resolution of 1.5 arcmin (goal 1 arcmin), have an average sensitivity better than 1 μK-arcmin, and span the microwave frequency range from roughly 50 GHz to 1 THz. The current paper also highlights the synergy of our Backlight mission concept with several upcoming and proposed ground-based CMB experiments.