bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volcano‐Tectonic Setting of the Pisciarelli Fumarole Field, Campi Flegrei Caldera, Southern Italy: Insights Into Fluid Circulation Patterns and Hazard Scenarios
Authors: Isaia Roberto , Di Giuseppe Maria Giulia , Natale Jacopo , Tramparulo Francesco D'Assisi , Troiano Antonio , Vitale Stefano 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPhreatic and hydrothermal eruptions are small energetic explosive events that generally have few to no precursors and represent a considerable hazard in tourist and urban areas. At the Campi Flegrei caldera, these events have occurred at the Solfatara volcano and have likely occurred at the nearby Pisciarelli site, where the most powerful hydrothermal phenomena are located. Here, increased hydrothermal activity has caused relevant morphological changes that has led local authorities to deny access to the site. Stratigraphic, structural, and geophysical investigations have allowed us to reconstruct the volcano‐tectonic setting of the area. In particular, we have recognized a fault system and related damage zones that act as the preferred pathway for hydrothermal fluids in the caldera. At the surface, these faults control the migration and/or accumulation of deep‐seated gases into the subsoil and the formation of fumaroles and mud pools. We have recognized two main fault systems with different ages that show variable displacements. The electrical anomalies identified by electrical resistivity tomography further highlight the main fault pattern and show the interplay between volcano‐tectonic structures and fluid circulation. Host rocks and fault zones may be involved in self‐sealing processes and/or rock failure phenomena capable of modifying the fluid pathways and establishing favorable conditions, leading to overpressure and/or rapid decompression of fluids and triggering an explosive event. Furthermore, stratigraphic mapping shows fossil mud pool sediments embedded in an old debris flow located above the modern hydrothermal system. This implies that they were at a higher elevation when they formed. The morphotectonic evolution and intense rock alterations in the area could promote further landslide episodes, producing debris‐flow deposits that can cover the active area and possibly trigger hydrothermal/phreatic events.
Sensitivity of Permeability Changes to Different Earthquakes in a Fault Zone: Possible Evidence of Dependence on the Frequency of Seismic Waves
Authors: Liao Xin , Shi Yun , Liu Chun‐Ping , Wang Guangcai 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChanges in the permeability of a fault zone are dependent upon the frequency of seismic waves, and is an important phenomenon whose mechanisms have not be completely elucidated to date. In this study, the tidal response of water level in well Chuan06 was considered as an indicator of the permeability of the fault zone, and the sensitivity of permeability changes to earthquakes with different epicentral distances were investigated. The results suggested that the permeability change induced by seismic waves is frequency dependent. In addition, based on the mechanisms of permeability changes induced by the seismic waves, the difference in sensitivity may be attributed to the different sizes of the fractures in the fault zone. These findings are likely to contribute to an understanding of hydrogeological responses and seismic activity induced by the earthquakes.
Comparison Between High‐Speed Video Observation of Sprites and Broadband Sferic Measurements
Authors: Ren Huan , Lu Gaopeng , Cummer Steven A. , Peng Kang‐Ming , Lyons Walter A. , Liu Feifan , Li Xiao , Wang Yongping , Zhang Shoubao , Cheng Zhengwei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHigh‐speed video observations of two sprites with halo features were analyzed with concurrent measurements of broadband magnetic sferics. Both events were produced by positive cloud‐to‐ground (CG) strokes. Moreover, the halo features appeared less than 0.5 ms after the return stroke, and the first sprite elements followed within 1 and 3 ms, respectively, for the two cases. The persistent charge transfer in the causative stroke from long continuing current can maintain the continuous glowing of existing sprite elements, and also may aid the vertical development and enhanced luminescence of later sprite elements. The observations with electric field (E‐field) simulations by the transmission line model provide evidence that the induction component of the lightning‐induced E‐field contributes significantly to halo formation. Our results suggest additional measurements and analysis are needed to identify the specific role of induction E‐field in addition to the well‐known quasi‐electrostatic (QE) field in the lightning‐induced impact on the mesosphere.
The Longest 2020 Meiyu Season Over the Past 60 Years: Subseasonal Perspective and Its Predictions
Authors: Qiao Shaobo , Chen Dong , Wang Bin , Cheung Ho‐Nam , Liu Fei , Cheng Jianbo , Tang Shankai , Zhang Zengping , Feng Guolin , Dong Wenjie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe record‐long 2020 Meiyu season since 1961 caused severe floods over the Yangtze and Huaihe River valleys (YHRV). Why the Meiyu duration doubled in 2020 remains a puzzle. We show that the long‐lasting Meiyu can be divided into three stages: advanced‐onset, strong‐persisting, and delayed‐withdrawal. The advanced‐onset was associated with an extremely negative‐phase East Atlantic/West Russia teleconnection. The strong‐persisting was attributed to a positive‐phase Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern sustained by La Niña's rapid development. The delayed withdrawal was related to the combined effect of a positive PJ pattern and a mid‐troposphere “two ridge–one trough” pattern over Asia. Two subseasonal forecasting systems predicted the positive rainfall anomalies over the YHRV in the first two stages, but not the third stage, which may be associated with poor prediction of the two ridge–one trough pattern. These results highlight the role of subseasonal evolution in extreme climate events.
Single cell plasticity and population coding stability in auditory thalamus upon associative learning
Authors: Taylor James Alexander , Hasegawa Masashi , Benoit Chloé Maëlle , Freire Joana Amorim , Theodore Marine , Ganea Dan Alin , Innocenti Sabrina Milena , Lu Tingjia , Gründemann Jan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCortical and limbic brain areas are regarded as centres for learning. However, how thalamic sensory relays participate in plasticity upon associative learning, yet support stable long-term sensory coding remains unknown. Using a miniature microscope imaging approach, we monitor the activity of populations of auditory thalamus (medial geniculate body) neurons in freely moving mice upon fear conditioning. We find that single cells exhibit mixed selectivity and heterogeneous plasticity patterns to auditory and aversive stimuli upon learning, which is conserved in amygdala-projecting medial geniculate body neurons. Activity in auditory thalamus to amygdala-projecting neurons stabilizes single cell plasticity in the total medial geniculate body population and is necessary for fear memory consolidation. In contrast to individual cells, population level encoding of auditory stimuli remained stable across days. Our data identifies auditory thalamus as a site for complex neuronal plasticity in fear learning upstream of the amygdala that is in an ideal position to drive plasticity in cortical and limbic brain areas. These findings suggest that medial geniculate body’s role goes beyond a sole relay function by balancing experience-dependent, diverse single cell plasticity with consistent ensemble level representations of the sensory environment to support stable auditory perception with minimal affective bias.
Generation of a mouse SWATH-MS spectral library to quantify 10148 proteins involved in cell reprogramming
Authors: Ulanga Uxue , Russell Matthew , Patassini Stefano , Brazzatti Julie , Graham Ciaren , Whetton Anthony D. , Graham Robert L. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMurine models are amongst the most widely used systems to study biology and pathology. Targeted quantitative proteomic analysis is a relatively new tool to interrogate such systems. Recently the need for relative quantification on hundreds to thousands of samples has driven the development of Data Independent Acquisition methods. One such technique is SWATH-MS, which in the main requires prior acquisition of mass spectra to generate an assay reference library. In stem cell research, it has been shown pluripotency can be induced starting with a fibroblast population. In so doing major changes in expressed proteins is inevitable. Here we have created a reference library to underpin such studies. This is inclusive of an extensively documented script to enable replication of library generation from the raw data. The documented script facilitates reuse of data and adaptation of the library to novel applications. The resulting library provides deep coverage of the mouse proteome. The library covers 29519 proteins (53% of the proteome) of which 7435 (13%) are supported by a proteotypic peptide.
Bioinformatics methods for identification of amyloidogenic peptides show robustness to misannotated training data
Authors: Szulc Natalia , Burdukiewicz Michał , Gąsior-Głogowska Marlena , Wojciechowski Jakub W. , Chilimoniuk Jarosław , Mackiewicz Paweł , Šneideris Tomas , Smirnovas Vytautas , Kotulska Malgorzata 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSeveral disorders are related to amyloid aggregation of proteins, for example Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s diseases. Amyloid proteins form fibrils of aggregated beta structures. This is preceded by formation of oligomers—the most cytotoxic species. Determining amyloidogenicity is tedious and costly. The most reliable identification of amyloids is obtained with high resolution microscopies, such as electron microscopy or atomic force microscopy (AFM). More frequently, less expensive and faster methods are used, especially infrared (IR) spectroscopy or Thioflavin T staining. Different experimental methods are not always concurrent, especially when amyloid peptides do not readily form fibrils but oligomers. This may lead to peptide misclassification and mislabeling. Several bioinformatics methods have been proposed for in-silico identification of amyloids, many of them based on machine learning. The effectiveness of these methods heavily depends on accurate annotation of the reference training data obtained from in-vitro experiments. We study how robust are bioinformatics methods to weak supervision, encountering imperfect training data. AmyloGram and three other amyloid predictors were applied. The results proved that a certain degree of misannotation in the reference data can be eliminated by the bioinformatics tools, even if they belonged to their training set. The computational results are supported by new experiments with IR and AFM methods.
The TELE-DD project on treatment nonadherence in the population with type 2 diabetes and comorbid depression
Authors: Roy Juan Francisco , Lozano del Hoyo María Luisa , Urcola-Pardo Fernando , Monreal-Bartolomé Alicia , Gracia Ruiz Diana Cecilia , Gómez Borao María Mercedes , Artigas Alcázar Ana Belén , Martínez Casbas José Pedro , Aceituno Casas Alexandra , Andaluz Funcia María Teresa , García-Campayo Javier , Fernández Rodrigo María Teresa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDiabetic patients have increased depression rates, diminished quality of life, and higher death rates due to depression comorbidity or diabetes complications. Treatment adherence (TA) and the maintenance of an adequate and competent self-care are crucial factors to reach optimal glycaemic control and stable quality of life in these patients. In this report, we present the baseline population analyses in phase I of the TELE-DD project, a three-phased population-based study in 23 Health Centres from the Aragonian Health Service Sector II in Zaragoza, Spain. The objectives of the present report are: (1) to determine the point prevalence of T2D and clinical depression comorbidity and treatment nonadherence; (2) to test if HbA1c and LDL-C, as primary DM outcomes, are related to TA in this population; and (3) to test if these DM primary outcomes are associated with TA independently of shared risk factors for DM and depression, and patients’ health behaviours. A population of 7,271 patients with type-2 diabetes and comorbid clinical depression was investigated for inclusion. Individuals with confirmed diagnoses and drug treatment for both illnesses (n = 3340) were included in the current phase I. A point prevalence of 1.9% was found for the T2D-depression comorbidity. The prevalence of patients nonadherent to treatment for these diseases was 35.4%. Multivariate analyses confirmed that lower diabetes duration, increased yearly PCS visits, HbA1c and LDL-C levels were independently related to treatment nonadherence. These findings informed the development of a telephonic monitoring platform for treatment of nonadherence for people with diabetes and comorbid depression and further trial, cost-effectiveness, and prognostic studies (phases II and III).
Stimulation of zona incerta selectively modulates pain in humans
Authors: Lu Charles W. , Harper Daniel E. , Askari Asra , Willsey Matthew S. , Vu Philip P. , Schrepf Andrew D. , Harte Steven E. , Patil Parag G. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStimulation of zona incerta in rodent models has been shown to modulate behavioral reactions to noxious stimuli. Sensory changes observed in Parkinsonian patients with subthalamic deep brain stimulation suggest that this effect is translatable to humans. Here, we utilized the serendipitous placement of subthalamic deep brain stimulation leads in 6 + 5 Parkinsonian patients to directly investigate the effects of zona incerta stimulation on human pain perception. We found that stimulation at 20 Hz, the physiological firing frequency of zona incerta, reduces experimental heat pain by a modest but significant amount, achieving a 30% reduction in one fifth of implants. Stimulation at higher frequencies did not modulate heat pain. Modulation was selective for heat pain and was not observed for warmth perception or pressure pain. These findings provide a mechanistic explanation of sensory changes seen in subthalamic deep brain stimulation patients and identify zona incerta as a potential target for neuromodulation of pain.
Correspondence analysis, spectral clustering and graph embedding: applications to ecology and economic complexity
Authors: van Dam Alje , Dekker Mark , Morales-Castilla Ignacio , Rodríguez Miguel Á. , Wichmann David , Baudena Mara 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIdentifying structure underlying high-dimensional data is a common challenge across scientific disciplines. We revisit correspondence analysis (CA), a classical method revealing such structures, from a network perspective. We present the poorly-known equivalence of CA to spectral clustering and graph-embedding techniques. We point out a number of complementary interpretations of CA results, other than its traditional interpretation as an ordination technique. These interpretations relate to the structure of the underlying networks. We then discuss an empirical example drawn from ecology, where we apply CA to the global distribution of Carnivora species to show how both the clustering and ordination interpretation can be used to find gradients in clustered data. In the second empirical example, we revisit the economic complexity index as an application of correspondence analysis, and use the different interpretations of the method to shed new light on the empirical results within this literature.
Machine learning with persistent homology and chemical word embeddings improves prediction accuracy and interpretability in metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Krishnapriyan Aditi S. , Montoya Joseph , Haranczyk Maciej , Hummelshøj Jens , Morozov Dmitriy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMachine learning has emerged as a powerful approach in materials discovery. Its major challenge is selecting features that create interpretable representations of materials, useful across multiple prediction tasks. We introduce an end-to-end machine learning model that automatically generates descriptors that capture a complex representation of a material’s structure and chemistry. This approach builds on computational topology techniques (namely, persistent homology) and word embeddings from natural language processing. It automatically encapsulates geometric and chemical information directly from the material system. We demonstrate our approach on multiple nanoporous metal–organic framework datasets by predicting methane and carbon dioxide adsorption across different conditions. Our results show considerable improvement in both accuracy and transferability across targets compared to models constructed from the commonly-used, manually-curated features, consistently achieving an average 25–30% decrease in root-mean-squared-deviation and an average increase of 40–50% in R2 scores. A key advantage of our approach is interpretability: Our model identifies the pores that correlate best to adsorption at different pressures, which contributes to understanding atomic-level structure–property relationships for materials design.
Motor imagery practice benefits during arm immobilization
Authors: Debarnot Ursula , Perrault Aurore. A. , Sterpenich Virginie , Legendre Guillaume , Huber Chieko , Guillot Aymeric , Schwartz Sophie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMotor imagery (MI) is known to engage motor networks and is increasingly used as a relevant strategy in functional rehabilitation following immobilization, whereas its effects when applied during immobilization remain underexplored. Here, we hypothesized that MI practice during 11 h of arm-immobilization prevents immobilization-related changes at the sensorimotor and cortical representations of hand, as well as on sleep features. Fourteen participants were tested after a normal day (without immobilization), followed by two 11-h periods of immobilization, either with concomitant MI treatment or control tasks, one week apart. At the end of each condition, participants were tested on a hand laterality judgment task, then underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation to measure cortical excitability of the primary motor cortices (M1), followed by a night of sleep during which polysomnography data was recorded. We show that MI treatment applied during arm immobilization had beneficial effects on (1) the sensorimotor representation of hands, (2) the cortical excitability over M1 contralateral to arm-immobilization, and (3) sleep spindles over both M1s during the post-immobilization night. Furthermore, (4) the time spent in REM sleep was significantly longer, following the MI treatment. Altogether, these results support that implementing MI during immobilization may limit deleterious effects of limb disuse, at several levels of sensorimotor functioning.
The feasibility of the PAM intervention to support treatment-adherence in people with hypertension in primary care: a randomised clinical controlled trial
Authors: Kassavou Aikaterini , Mirzaei Venus , Shpendi Sonia , Brimicombe James , Chauhan Jagmohan , Bhattacharya Debi , Naughton Felix , Hardeman Wendy , Eborall Helen , Van Emmenis Miranda , De Simoni Anna , Takhar Amrit , Gupta Pankaj , Patel Prashanth , Mascolo Cecilia , Prevost Andrew Toby , Morris Stephen , Griffin Simon , McManus Richard J. , Mant Jonathan , Sutton Stephen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe PAM intervention is a behavioural intervention to support adherence to anti-hypertensive medications and therefore to lower blood pressure. This feasibility trial recruited 101 nonadherent patients (54% male, mean age 65.8 years) with hypertension and high blood pressure from nine general practices in the UK. The trial had 15.5% uptake and 7.9% attrition rate. Patients were randomly allocated to two groups: the intervention group (n = 61) received the PAM intervention as an adjunct to usual care; the control group (n = 40) received usual care only. At 3 months, biochemically validated medication adherence was improved by 20% (95% CI 3–36%) in the intervention than control, and systolic blood pressure was reduced by 9.16 mmHg (95% CI 5.69–12.64) in intervention than control. Improvements in medication adherence and reductions in blood pressure suggested potential intervention effectiveness. For a subsample of patients, improvements in medication adherence and reductions in full lipid profile (cholesterol 1.39 mmol/mol 95% CI 0.64–1.40) and in glycated haemoglobin (3.08 mmol/mol, 95% CI 0.42–5.73) favoured the intervention. A larger trial will obtain rigorous evidence about the potential clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the intervention.Trial registration Trial date of first registration 28/01/2019. ISRCTN74504989. https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN74504989.
Tracing woody-organic tsunami deposits of the 2011 Tohoku-oki event in Misawa (Japan)
Authors: Bellanova Piero , Frenken Mike , Nishimura Yuichi , Schwarzbauer Jan , Reicherter Klaus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith a minimum of three reported waves, the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami’s destructive force caused massive damage along the northern Japanese Aomori coast. At Misawa the coastal control area was inundated up to 550 m inland and sandy sediment remnants can be traced to c. 350 m (c. 61–63% of the maximum inundation) from the shoreline. Linking the discovery of floatable plastic objects within a woody and organic layer to our analytical data lead to the detection of a yet undocumented woody-organic tsunami deposit first appearing on top of the sandy deposit but then reaching even further inland (approx. 69–72% of the max. inundation). By this observation our understanding of the documented part of the tsunami inundation may be improved. As a consequence, sand sheets of historic and paleo-tsunamis represent minimum estimates for the coastal inundation and underestimation may be reduced by addressing the woody and organic fraction of a tsunami’s inundation.
Biofilm eradication and antifungal mechanism of action against Candida albicans of cationic dicephalic surfactants with a labile linker
Authors: Paluch Emil , Szperlik Jakub , Lamch Łukasz , Wilk Kazimiera A. , Obłąk Ewa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOur research aims to expand the knowledge on relationships between the structure of cationic dicephalic surfactants—N,N-bis[3,3_-(dimethylamine)propyl]alkylamide dihydrochlorides and N,N-bis[3,3_-(trimethylammonio)propyl]alkylamide dibromides (alkyl: n-C9H19, n-C11H23, n-C13H27, n-C15H31)—and their antifungal mechanism of action on Candida albicans. The mentioned groups of amphiphilic substances are characterized by the presence of a weak, hydrochloride cationic center readily undergoing deprotonation, as well as a stable, strong quaternary ammonium group and alkyl chains capable of strong interactions with fungal cells. Strong fungicidal properties and the role in creation and eradication of biofilm of those compounds were discussed in our earlier works, yet their mechanism of action remained unclear. It was shown that investigated surfactants induce strong oxidative stress and cause increase in cell membrane permeability without compromising its continuity, as indicated by increased potassium ion (K+) leakage. Thus experiments carried out on the investigated opportunistic pathogen indicate that the mechanism of action of the researched surfactants is different than in the case of the majority of known surfactants. Results presented in this paper significantly broaden the understanding on multifunctional cationic surfactants and their mechanism of action, as well as suggest their possible future applications as surface coating antiadhesives, fungicides and antibiofilm agents in medicine or industry.