bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An epidemiological survey of anhidrotic/hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia in Japan: High prevalence of allergic diseases
Authors: Inazawa‐Terada Minako , Namiki Takeshi , Omigawa Chika , Fujimoto Tomoko , Munetsugu Takichi , Ugajin Tsukasa , Shimomura Yutaka , Ohshima Yuichiro , Yoshida Kazue , Niizeki Hironori , Hayashi Ryota , Nakano Hajime , Yokozeki Hiroo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAnhidrotic/hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (A/HED) is a congenital disorder characterized by anhidrosis/hypohidrosis and inadequate hair and dental dysplasia. Large‐scale case studies of patients with A/HED have already been conducted overseas, while there has been no large‐scale study, but only a few case reports in Japan. Furthermore, an epidemiological study of this disease has not been conducted in Japan to date. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of A/HED patients, the status of genetic aberrations and complications of A/HED in Japan. Initially, we conducted a physician‐initiated questionnaire survey of A/HED patients who visited medical institutions across Japan to investigate their backgrounds, clinical symptoms, genotypes, diagnostic methods and complications of A/HED. We also investigated the presence or absence of various allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis‐like skin manifestations, bronchial asthma and food allergies). Questionnaires were also obtained from 26 patients with ectodermal dysplasia (ED) who visited four medical institutions. We compared the incidence of allergic diseases in healthy controls in a similar study to that of patients. Twenty‐four of those patients were considered to have A/HED, of which 18 had a confirmed genetic diagnosis and were genotyped. All patients had anhidrosis or hypohidrosis, hair and dental dysplasia, and unique facial appearance; 23 patients had several cutaneous manifestations and seven patients had periorbital pigmentation. In addition, there was a significantly higher incidence of atopic dermatitis‐like cutaneous manifestations, bronchial asthma and food allergies in the A/HED patients than in healthy controls. We report the results from a questionnaire survey of 24 patients with A/HED. This is the first report of a large number of A/HED patients in Japan. This study clarifies the status of clinical diagnosis and genetic testing of A/HED patients in Japan, as well as the characteristics of their skin symptoms and allergic complications.
Mini‐acoustic sensors reveal occupancy and threats to koalas Phascolarctos cinereus in private native forests
Authors: Law Brad , Kerr Isobel , Gonsalves Leroy , Brassil Traecey , Eichinski Phil , Truskinger Anthony , Roe Paul 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Forests on private land have a wide range of uses that span activities such as recreation, primary production and nature conservation. Traditionally, it has been difficult for researchers to access private land to undertake systematic surveys. We used mini‐acoustic sensors (Audiomoth) mailed via the postal service to overcome landholder concerns about researchers accessing private property, with a focus on properties used for private native forestry.

We surveyed koalas, an iconic threatened marsupial, in north‐east New South Wales, Australia using passive acoustics, with repeat surveys over consecutive nights to account for imperfect detection in an occupancy modelling framework.

Over 3 years, we surveyed 128 sites and recorded 2,560 male bellows. Detection probability over seven nights was high (>0.79), but varied substantially between years, due to use of different sensors, housings and weather conditions. After accounting for detection probability, modelling revealed that koalas commonly occupied private native forests of the study region (probability of occupancy = 0.58 ± 0.08).

Occupancy was modelled against several covariates and it varied with the landscape extent of sealed roads (₋ve), NDVI (₋ve) and a habitat suitability model (+ve, but minor). There was no support for occupancy in private forests to be related to a range of other factors including extent of surrounding cleared land, timber harvesting history, fire and other measured habitat features.

Synthesis and applications. We conclude that mini‐acoustic recorders mailed to landholders were a highly effective method for assessing koala occupancy, after accounting for variable detection, and the approach could be deployed more widely for a range of species. Private native forests in partly cleared landscapes are commonly occupied by koalas, highlighting that this tenure is crucial for koala conservation and that practices seeking to balance conservation and production should be encouraged. In addition to sensitive habitat management in private forests, sealed road density is a major threat needing to be addressed.
Blame shifting and blame obfuscation: The blame avoidance effects of delegation in the European Union
Authors: HEINKELMANN‐WILD TIM , ZANGL BERNHARD , RITTBERGER BERTHOLD , KRIEGMAIR LISA 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe delegation of governance tasks to third parties is generally assumed to help governments to avoid blame once policies become contested. International organizations, including the European Union (EU), are considered particularly opportune in this regard. The literature lacks assessments of the blame avoidance effects of delegation, let alone of the effects of different delegation designs. To address this gap in the literature, we study public blame attributions in the media coverage of two contested EU policies during the financial crisis and the migration crisis. We show that the blame avoidance effect of delegation depends on the delegation design: When agents are independent (dependent) of government control, we observe lower (higher) shares of public blame attributions targeting the government (blame shifting effect), and when agents are external (internal) to the government apparatus, overall public blame attributions for a contested policy will be less (more) frequent (blame obfuscation effect). Our findings yield important normative implications for how to maintain governments’ accountability once they have delegated governance tasks to third parties.
Examining the impact of a crime gun intelligence center
Authors: Flippin Michaela R. , Katz Charles M. , King William R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith gun crime on the rise, efforts to curb this form of violence have captured the attention of government agencies and police departments alike. One form of such efforts is the proliferation of Crime Gun Intelligence Centers (CGICs) in police departments across the country. However, with only three non‐peer‐reviewed evaluations of these CGICs to date, our understanding of their effectiveness is limited. The present study aims to fill this gap by examining the impact of the Phoenix Police Department's (PPD) CGIC on clearance rates and prosecutorial outcomes for gun crimes. The data for this study come from PPD’s Records Management System (RMS), computer‐aided dispatch (CAD) system, impounded evidence, National Integrated Ballistics Information Network (NIBIN) lead data, and arrest data. Prosecutorial data were supplied by the Maricopa County Attorney's Office (MCAO). This study examined pretest and posttest differences that occurred over the study period. Difference‐in‐difference (DID) models were calculated to assess the impact of the CGIC on the outcome measures of interest. We found that from the year prior to the CGIC to 2 years post‐CGIC, NIBIN inputs increased by 115%, NIBIN leads increased by 163%, timeliness of entry (of ballistics evidence) improved with 32% of processed items entered within 24–48 h in the second year of the CGIC compared with only 3% the year preceding the CGIC, and clearance rates for arrests increased significantly. These findings have implications for the continued adoption of CGIC, as well as the utility of NIBIN.
Sexual audience affects male's reproduction investment without consequences on reproductive outputs
Authors: Louâpre Philippe , Muller Karen , Bettencourt‐Amarante Soline , Thiery Denis , Moreau Jérôme 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMales evolved plastic strategies to respond to male–male competition and exhibit adaptive traits and behaviors maximizing their access to the females and limiting sperm competition. Mating behaviors allow males to express quick responses to current sexual audience, that is, the number of nearby conspecifics prone to mate. In contrast, physiological responses are frequently delayed because they are constrained by the time and resources having to be mobilized to produce and export sperm and associated products. This is especially critical in species for which males produce spermatophores. Here we investigated in what extend moth males (the tortricid moth Lobesia botrana) producing spermatophores exhibit plastic behavioral and physiological responses to different sexual audiences before and during mating and the consequences for their reproductive output. We found that males adjusted their mating behaviors and spermatophore size to a potentially elevated risk of sperm competition perceived before mating. In addition, males responded to the closed presence of females during mating by reducing their mating duration. Surprisingly, the various behavioral and physiological responses we highlighted here were not fully reflected in their reproductive performance as we did not reveal any effect on fecundity and fertility of their mate. The selective pressure exerted on males experiencing male–male competition could thus be sufficient to trigger adjustment in male mating behaviors but constrains physiological responses according to the perception of competition.
International human resource management in multinational companies: Global norm making within strategic action fields
Authors: Edwards Tony , Almond Phil , Murray Gregor , Olga Tregaskis  
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe formation of global norms that affect work is a crucial element to how multinational companies (MNCs) achieve a degree of HR integration internationally. We establish a ‘strategic action fields’ framework to guide research into global norm‐making in MNCs in general and for analysing the work of those that we term ‘globalising actors’—those who are active in globalising a firm's management of its human resources—in particular. We position our framework with relation to existing research in international human resource management, and show how the field can benefit from achieving an approach to global norm‐making that is contextualised, personalised and contested.
Smoothed dynamic factor analysis for identifying trends in multivariate time series
Authors: Ward Eric J. , Anderson Sean C. , Hunsicker Mary E. , Litzow Michael A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Ecological processes are rarely directly observable, and inference often relies on estimating hidden or latent processes. State‐space models have become widely used for this task because of their ability to simultaneously estimate the multiple sources of variation (natural variability and variance attributed to observation errors). For multivariate time series, a second aim is often dimension reduction, or estimating a number of latent processes that are smaller than the number of observed time series. Dynamic factor analysis (DFA) has been used for performing time‐series dimension reduction, where latent processes are modelled as random walks. Whereas this may be suitable for some situations, random walks may be too flexible for other cases.

Here, we introduce a new class of models, where latent processes are modelled as smooth functions (basis splines, penalized splines or Gaussian process models). We implement these models in our bayesdfa r package, which uses the rstan package for fitting. After evaluating model performance with simulated data, we apply conventional models and our smooth trend models to two long‐term datasets from the west coast of the United States: (a) a 35‐year dataset of pelagic juvenile rockfishes and (b) a 39‐year dataset of fisheries catches.

Our simulations demonstrate that models matching the underlying trend smoothness make better out‐of‐sample predictions, but this advantage diminishes with increasing levels of observation error. For both case studies, the best smooth trend models had higher predictive accuracy, and yielded more precise predictions, compared to the conventional approach.

The smooth trend factor models introduced here offer a new approach for state‐space dimension reduction of multivariate time series. These flexible Bayesian models may be particularly useful for data that are clumped in time, for data with high signal to noise ratios and generally for data where the underlying trend is assumed to be relatively smooth.
Impacts of macrocyclic lactones on larval survival, growth and development of three dung beetle species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Mackenzie Sigrid L , Hall Graham , Schaerf Timothy M , Andrew Nigel R 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMacrocyclic lactones (MLs) are some of the most pervasive chemicals used in cattle management to control internal parasites. However, the drenches can have a range of lethal and sublethal impacts, potentially impacting the efficiency of adult dung beetles at burying dung and negatively impacting their larval growth, development and survival. Here, we assess the impacts of adult dung beetles provisioning their larvae with cattle faecal residues containing three commonly used cattle drenches in Australia – moxidectin, abamectin and doramectin. We used the larvae of two introduced tunnelling (paracoprid) species: Onthophagus binodis and Onitis viridulus, and one introduced rolling (telecoprid) species: Sisyphus rubrus. We anticipated that dung beetle larvae feeding on dung containing an ML would have altered growth patterns to those larvae feeding on untreated dung. Further, beetle larvae exposed to an ML in the dung would have different growth patterns, depending on the time the chemical took to be excreted from the treated cattle, with the anticipation that the chemical may have a peak excretion time. We also expected that dung beetle larvae feeding on dung containing an ML would have a decreased survival rate compared to dung beetle larvae feeding on untreated dung. We found that abamectin and doramectin were more toxic to beetle larvae than moxidectin and control dung, across all three species, and these chemicals also had the greatest negative impact on larval growth and development. Abamectin excreted 7 days after treatment resulted in few live larvae. Overall, moxidectin was the least toxic ML to the larvae assessed, and generally, the drench impacts were reduced as time since exposure increased.
The masturbatory premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (MPEDT): A novel psychometric tool to evaluate premature ejaculation during masturbation
Authors: Xi Yu , Zhang Hui , Colonnello Elena , Limoncin Erika , Jannini Emmanuele A. , Zhang Yan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPremature ejaculation (PE) is a highly prevalent male sexual dysfunction. Its current definition, together with the most used diagnostic tools, does not include nonvaginal sexual intercourse such as anal sex, self‐masturbation and/or partnered‐masturbation, and other forms of sexual stimulation. However, diagnostic psychometry currently available is exclusively evaluating PE in the vaginal coitus.ObjectivesTo validate a new tool, the masturbatory premature ejaculation diagnostic tool (MPEDT), by assessing the control over ejaculation and its psychological effects during self‐masturbation, rather than heterosexual vaginal intercourse.Materials and methodsWe studied 135 male patients aging from 18 to 40 years seeking medical care for PE in the Infertility and Sexual Medicine Department from June to September 2020. All the participants were asked to fill the premature ejaculation diagnostic tool PEDT and MPEDT questionnaires to estimate the PE symptoms during, respectively, intercourse and self‐masturbation. The reliability/validity, the factor analysis of the tool, and the diagnostic sensitivity/specificity of MPEDT were calculated.ResultsThe overall Cronbach alpha was 0.884. In our adjusted model, both root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) were lower than 0.08, while goodness of fit index, adjusted goodness of fit index, non‐normed fit index (NNFI), and comparative fit index (CFI) were higher than 0.9. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is 0.943 ± 0.015. The results suggest MPEDT points being ≤5 as “normal,” ≥7 as “PE during self‐masturbation,” and 6 as “suspected PE,” with the sensitivity of 91.9% and specificity of 88.1%.DiscussionAn efficient diagnostic psychometric tool is needed for the individuals who, based on the impaired control over ejaculation during self‐masturbation, may also suffer from PE during partnered intercourse. MPEDT is able to evaluate the existence of PE symptoms not necessarily during heterosexual intercourse but rather during self‐masturbation, possibly aiding to the diagnosis, as well as planning and follow‐up of a prompt therapeutical strategy.ConclusionMPEDT could be considered a new, objective, and reliable diagnostic tool for the evaluation of the existence of PE symptoms.
Discussion on “distributional independent component analysis for diverse neuroimaging modalities” by Ben Wu, Subhadip Pal, Jian Kang, and Ying Guo
Authors: Mejia Amanda F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractI applaud the authors on their innovative generalized independent component analysis (ICA) framework for neuroimaging data. Although ICA has enjoyed great popularity for the analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, its applicability to other modalities has been limited because standard ICA algorithms may not be directly applicable to a diversity of data representations. This is particularly true for single‐subject structural neuroimaging, where only a single measurement is collected at each location in the brain. The ingenious idea of Wu et al. (2021) is to transform the data to a vector of probabilities via a mixture distribution with K components, which (following a simple transformation to ) can be directly analyzed with standard ICA algorithms, such as infomax (Bell and Sejnowski, 1995) or fastICA (Hyvarinen, 1999). The underlying distribution forming the basis of the mixture is customized to the particular modality being analyzed. This framework, termed distributional ICA (DICA), is applicable in theory to nearly any neuroimaging modality. This has substantial implications for ICA as a general tool for neuroimaging analysis, with particular promise for structural modalities and multimodal studies. This invited commentary focuses on the applicability and potential of DICA for different neuroimaging modalities, questions around details of implementation and performance, and limitations of the validation study presented in the paper.
Developing a programme theory for the Systemic Practice Model in children's social care: Key informants' perspectives
Authors: Aaltio Elina , Isokuortti Nanne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVague programme descriptions are known to impede implementation and evaluation. Yet social work change programmes often fail to describe in detail how they aim to provide better outcomes for children and families. This study focused on the Systemic Practice Model (SPM), which is a Finnish adaptation of Reclaiming Social Work, a practice model developed in England. The SPM aims to deliver systemic practice in children's social care and has recently been widely disseminated across Finland. However, research has found both considerable variation in its delivery and a lack of clarity about what it is. This study, applying realist evaluation, aimed to formulate a programme theory based on the perceptions of key informants (n = 12) involved in the national development and dissemination of the SPM during the period 2017–2019. The analysis yielded three core components (a systemic team, systemic weekly meetings, and systemic practice) and two context‐mechanism‐outcome (CMO) configurations, which represent causal chains of the SPM. The findings should enable its quality implementation and meaningful outcome and process evaluation. The findings will also aid organizations and practitioners both to identify changes required in their service provision and prevent adverse effects. This programme theory should be tested and refined with empirical data.
Crafting futures with hope: Young climate activists’ imaginaries in an age of crisis and uncertainty
Authors: Spyrou Spyros , Theodorou Eleni , Christou Georgina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article explores the future imaginaries of young climate activists in Cyprus in the light of the unfolding climate crisis and the uncertainty and urgency it engenders. We analyse young people's imagined futures and their struggles to manage fear and despair through the cultivation of a collective sense of hope which allows them to act as future‐makers and to work towards creating more just and sustainable futures. Through our empirical illustration, we also make the more general case for attending to the future as a productive temporal condition in Childhood Studies’ explorations of contemporary childhoods.
First Asian Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) and Estimated Post‐Transplant Survival (EPTS) models, with validation against US models in Thai population
Authors: Larpparisuth Nuttasith , Nivatvongs Supanit , Ingsathit Atiporn , Noppakun Kajohnsak , Lumpaopong Adisorn , Townamchai Natavudh , Pongsakul Cholathip , Attajarusit Yuwadee , Supaporn Thanom , Premasathian Nalinee 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionDifferences in transplant characteristics limit the application of kidney donor profile index (KDPI) and estimated post‐transplant survival (EPTS) models developed in Western countries to Asian populations.MethodsWe analyzed data of the Thai Transplant Registry and the Thai Red Cross Society on 2558 DDKTs performed between 2001 and 2014. Thai KDPI and EPTS models were developed using Cox regression, and validation against the US models.ResultsThai KDPI was developed based on seven donor factors: age, height, best estimated glomerular filtration rate, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, and adrenaline infusion. The Thai and US donor risk index had comparable predictive abilities for transplant survival (C‐statistics .5871 vs. .5548; P = .429). KTs from donors with a US KDPI > 70% demonstrated significantly worse 5‐year transplant survival. The Thai EPTS model was developed from four recipient factors: age, body weight, diabetes mellitus, and hepatitis C infection. The C‐statistics of the Thai and US EPTS models were comparable (.5924 vs. .6039; P = .360). A US EPTS > 70% was revealed in only 2.5% of our cohort.ConclusionsThe first simplified KDPI and EPTS models for an Asian population were developed. Our models are available at www.thai‐kdpi‐epts.org.