bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MUSE spectroscopy of planetary nebulae with high abundance discrepancies
Authors: García-Rojas J , Morisset C , Jones D , Wesson R , Boffin H M J , Monteiro H , Corradi R L M , Rodríguez-Gil P 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
We present MUSE deep integral-field unit spectroscopy of three planetary nebulae (PNe) with high-abundance discrepancy factors (ADF &gt; 20): NGC 6778, M 1–42, and Hf 2–2. We have constructed flux maps for more than 40 emission lines, and use them to build extinction, electron temperature (Te), electron density (ne), and ionic abundances maps of a number of ionic species. The effects of the contribution of recombination to the auroral [N ii] and [O ii] lines on Te and the abundance maps of low-ionization species are evaluated using recombination diagnostics. As a result, low Te values and a downward gradient of Te are found toward the inner zones of each PN. Spatially, this nearly coincides with the increase of abundances of heavy elements measured using recombination lines in the inner regions of PNe, and strongly supports the presence of two distinct gas phases: a cold and metal-rich and a warm one with ‘normal’ metal content. We have simultaneously constructed, for the first time, the ADF maps of O+ and O2+ and found that they centrally peak for all three PNe under study. We show that the main issue when trying to compute realistic abundances from either ORLs or CELs is to estimate the relative contribution of each gas component to the H i emission, and we present a method to evaluate it. It is also found that, for the studied high-ADF PNe, the amount of oxygen in the cold and warm regions is of the same order.
Island Biogeography Revisited: Museomics Reveals Affinities of Shelf Island Birds Determined by Bathymetry and Paleo-Rivers, Not by Distance to Mainland
Authors: Garg Kritika M , Chattopadhyay Balaji , Cros Emilie , Tomassi Suzanne , Benedick Suzan , Edwards David P , Rheindt Frank E 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIsland biogeography is one of the most powerful subdisciplines of ecology: its mathematical predictions that island size and distance to mainland determine diversity have withstood the test of time. A key question is whether these predictions follow at a population-genomic level. Using rigorous ancient-DNA protocols, we retrieved approximately 1,000 genomic markers from approximately 100 historic specimens of two Southeast Asian songbird complexes from across the Sunda Shelf archipelago collected 1893–1957. We show that the genetic affinities of populations on small shelf islands defy the predictions of geographic distance and appear governed by Earth-historic factors including the position of terrestrial barriers (paleo-rivers) and persistence of corridors (Quaternary land bridges). Our analyses suggest that classic island-biogeographic predictors may not hold well for population-genomic dynamics on the thousands of shelf islands across the globe, which are exposed to dynamic changes in land distribution during Quaternary climate change.
Novel Insights on Obligate Symbiont Lifestyle and Adaptation to Chemosynthetic Environment as Revealed by the Giant Tubeworm Genome
Authors: de Oliveira André Luiz , Mitchell Jessica , Girguis Peter , Bright Monika 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe mutualism between the giant tubeworm Riftia pachyptila and its endosymbiont Candidatus Endoriftia persephone has been extensively researched over the past 40 years. However, the lack of the host whole-genome information has impeded the full comprehension of the genotype/phenotype interface in Riftia. Here, we described the high-quality draft genome of Riftia, its complete mitogenome, and tissue-specific transcriptomic data. The Riftia genome presents signs of reductive evolution, with gene family contractions exceeding expansions. Expanded gene families are related to sulfur metabolism, detoxification, antioxidative stress, oxygen transport, immune system, and lysosomal digestion, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to the vent environment and endosymbiosis. Despite the derived body plan, the developmental gene repertoire in the gutless tubeworm is extremely conserved with the presence of a near intact and complete Hox cluster. Gene expression analyses establish that the trophosome is a multifunctional organ marked by intracellular digestion of endosymbionts, storage of excretory products, and hematopoietic functions. Overall, the plume and gonad tissues both in contact to the environment harbor highly expressed genes involved with cell cycle, programed cell death, and immunity indicating a high cell turnover and defense mechanisms against pathogens. We posit that the innate immune system plays a more prominent role into the establishment of the symbiosis during the infection in the larval stage, rather than maintaining the symbiostasis in the trophosome. This genome bridges four decades of physiological research in Riftia, whereas it simultaneously provides new insights into the development, whole organism functions, and evolution in the giant tubeworm.
Effect of anti-angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibodies on the outcomes of kidney transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kang Zhong-Yu , Liu Chun , Liu Wei , Li Dai-Hong 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT

Background
Anti-angiotensin II type 1 receptor antibodies (AT1R-Abs) have been recognized as non-human leukocyte antigen antibodies associated with allograft rejection and poor allograft outcomes after kidney transplantation. The aim of this study was to assess the risk anti-AT1R-Abs pose for rejection and graft loss among kidney transplant (KT) populations.

Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library databases for relevant articles published from inception until June 2021 to identify all studies concerning the role AT1R-Abs play in the clinical outcome after kidney transplantation. Two reviewers independently identified studies, abstracted outcome data and assessed the quality of the studies. The meta-analysis was summarized using fixed-effects or random-effects models, according to heterogeneity. The major outcomes included delayed graft function, acute rejection, graft loss or patient death after transplantation.

Results
Twenty-one eligible studies involving a total of 4023 KT recipients were included in the evaluation. Meta-analysis results showed that the AT1R-Ab-positive KT group had a greater incidence of antibody-mediated rejection {relative risk [RR] 1.94 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61–2.33]; P &lt; 0.00001} and graft loss [RR 2.37 (95% CI 1.50–3.75); P = 0.0002] than did the AT1R-Abs-negative KT group. There was no significant statistical difference in delayed graft function rate, T-cell-mediated rejection, mixed rejection, acute cellular rejection, acute rejection and patient death rate between the AT1R-Ab-positive KT and AT1R-Ab-negative KT groups.

Conclusions
Our study shows that the presence of anti-AT1R-Abs was associated with a significantly higher risk of antibody-mediated rejection and graft loss in kidney transplantation. Future studies are still needed to evaluate the importance of routine anti-AT1R monitoring and therapeutic targeting. These results show that assessment of anti-AT1R-Abs would be helpful in determining immunologic risk and susceptibility to immunologic events for recipients.
Trends in Clinical Severity of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019—Premier Hospital Dataset, April 2020–April 2021
Authors: Whitfield Geoffrey P , Harris Aaron M , Kadri Sameer S , Warner Sara , Bamrah Morris Sapna , Giovanni Jennifer E , Rogers-Brown Jessica S , Hinckley Alison F , Kompaniyets Lyudmyla , Sircar Kanta D , Yusuf Hussain R , Koumans Emilia H , Schweitzer Beth K 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Clinical severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may vary over time; trends in clinical severity at admission during the pandemic among hospitalized patients in the United States have been incompletely described, so a historical record of severity over time is lacking.

Methods
We classified 466677 hospital admissions for COVID-19 from April 2020 to April 2021 into 4 mutually exclusive severity grades based on indicators present on admission (from most to least severe): Grade 4 included intensive care unit (ICU) admission and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV); grade 3 included non-IMV ICU and/or noninvasive positive pressure ventilation; grade 2 included diagnosis of acute respiratory failure; and grade 1 included none of the above indicators. Trends were stratified by sex, age, race/ethnicity, and comorbid conditions. We also examined severity in states with high vs low Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant burden.

Results
Severity tended to be lower among women, younger adults, and those with fewer comorbidities compared to their counterparts. The proportion of admissions classified as grade 1 or 2 fluctuated over time, but these less-severe grades comprised a majority (75%–85%) of admissions every month. Grades 3 and 4 consistently made up a minority of admissions (15%–25%), and grade 4 showed consistent decreases in all subgroups, including states with high Alpha variant burden.

Conclusions
Clinical severity among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 has varied over time but has not consistently or markedly worsened over time. The proportion of admissions classified as grade 4 decreased in all subgroups. There was no consistent evidence of worsening severity in states with higher vs lower Alpha prevalence.
Salicylic acid carboxyl glucosyltransferase UGT87E7 regulates disease resistance inCamellia sinensis
Authors: Hu Yunqing , Zhang Mengting , Lu Mengqian , Wu Yi , Jing Tingting , Zhao Mingyue , Zhao Yifan , Feng Yingying , Wang Jingming , Gao Ting , Zhou Zixiang , Wu Bin , Jiang Hao , Wan Xiaochun , Schwab Wilfried , Song Chuankui 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlant immune response following pathogenic infection is regulated by plant hormones, and salicylic acid (SA) and its sugar conjugates play important roles in establishing basal resistance. Here, the important pathogen Pseudopestalotiopsis camelliae-sinensis (Pcs) was isolated from tea gray blight, one of the most destructive diseases in tea plantations. Transcriptomic analysis led to the discovery of the putative Camellia sinensis UDP-glucosyltransferase CsUGT87E7 whose expression was significantly induced by SA application and Pcs infection. Recombinant CsUGT87E7 glucosylates SA with a Km value of 12 µM to form SA glucose ester (SGE). Downregulation reduced the accumulation of SGE, and CsUGT87E7-silenced tea plants exhibited greater susceptibility to pathogen infection than control plants. Similarly, CsUGT87E7-silenced tea leaves accumulated significantly less SA after infection and showed reduced expression of pathogenesis-related genes. These results suggest that CsUGT87E7 is an SA carboxyl glucosyltransferase that plays a positive role in plant disease resistance by modulating SA homeostasis through a mechanism distinct from that described in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). This study provides insight into the mechanisms of SA metabolism and highlights the role of SGE in the modulation of plant disease resistance.
The role of light-harvesting complex I in excitation energy transfer from LHCII to photosystem I in Arabidopsis
Authors: Schiphorst Christo , Achterberg Luuk , Gómez Rodrigo , Koehorst Rob , Bassi Roberto , van Amerongen Herbert , Dall’Osto Luca , Wientjes Emilie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Photosynthesis powers nearly all life on Earth. Light absorbed by photosystems drives the conversion of water and carbon dioxide into sugars. In plants, photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) work in series to drive the electron transport from water to NADP+. As both photosystems largely work in series, a balanced excitation pressure is required for optimal photosynthetic performance. Both photosystems are composed of a core and light-harvesting complexes (LHCI) for PSI and LHCII for PSII. When the light conditions favor the excitation of one photosystem over the other, a mobile pool of trimeric LHCII moves between both photosystems thus tuning their antenna cross-section in a process called state transitions. When PSII is overexcited multiple LHCIIs can associate with PSI. A trimeric LHCII binds to PSI at the PsaH/L/O site to form a well-characterized PSI–LHCI–LHCII supercomplex. The binding site(s) of the “additional” LHCII is still unclear, although a mediating role for LHCI has been proposed. In this work, we measured the PSI antenna size and trapping kinetics of photosynthetic membranes from Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants. Membranes from wild-type (WT) plants were compared to those of the ΔLhca mutant that completely lacks the LHCI antenna. The results showed that “additional” LHCII complexes can transfer energy directly to the PSI core in the absence of LHCI. However, the transfer is about two times faster and therefore more efficient, when LHCI is present. This suggests LHCI mediates excitation energy transfer from loosely bound LHCII to PSI in WT plants.
Biomimetic three-layered membranes comprising (poly)-ε-caprolactone, collagen and mineralized collagen for guided bone regeneration
Authors: Wu Jingjing , Yao Mengyu , Zhang Yonggang , Lin Zefeng , Zou Wenwu , Li Jiaping , Habibovic Pamela , Du Chang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe distinct structural properties and osteogenic capacity are important aspects to be taken into account when developing guided bone regeneration membranes. Herein, inspired by the structure and function of natural periosteum, we designed and fabricated using electrospinning a fibrous membrane comprising (poly)--ε-caprolactone (PCL), collagen-I (Col) and mineralized Col (MC). The three-layer membranes, having PCL as the outer layer, PCL/Col as the middle layer and PCL/Col/MC in different ratios (5/2.5/2.5 (PCM-1); 3.3/3.3/3.3 (PCM-2); 4/4/4 (PCM-3) (%, w/w/w)) as the inner layer, were produced. The physiochemical properties of the different layers were investigated and a good integration between the layers was observed. The three-layered membranes showed tensile properties in the range of those of natural periosteum. Moreover, the membranes exhibited excellent water absorption capability without changes of the thickness. In vitro experiments showed that the inner layer of the membranes supported attachment, proliferation, ingrowth and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived stromal cells. In particular cells cultured on PCM-2 exhibited a significantly higher expression of osteogenesis-related proteins. The three-layered membranes successfully supported new bone formation inside a critical-size cranial defect in rats, with PCM-3 being the most efficient. The membranes developed here are promising candidates for guided bone regeneration applications.
Syndecan-4 functionalization of tissue regeneration scaffolds improves interaction with endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Warner Harleigh , Wu Yidi , Wagner William D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Key to most implanted cell free scaffolds for tissue regeneration is the ability to sequester and retain undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells at the repair site. In this report, syndecan-4, a heparan sulfate containing proteoglycan, was investigated as a unique molecule for use in scaffold functionalization. An electrospun hybrid scaffold comprised of poly (glycerol) sebacate (PGS), silk fibroin and type I collagen (PFC) was used as a model scaffold to develop a procedure and test the hypothesis that functionalization would result in increased scaffold binding of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). For these studies both Syndecan-4 and stromal derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) were used in functionalization PFC. Syndecan-4 functionalized PFC bound 4.8 fold more SDF-1α compared to nonfunctionalized PFC. Binding was specific as determined by heparin displacement studies. After culture for 7 days, significantly, more EPCs were detected on PFC scaffolds having both syndecan-4 and SDF-1α compared to scaffolds of PFC with only syndecan-4, or PFC adsorbed with SDF-1α, or PFC alone. Taken together, this study demonstrates that EPCs can be bound to and significantly expanded on PFC material through syndecan-4 mediated growth factor binding. Syndecan-4 with a multiplicity of binding sites has the potential to functionalize and expand stem cells on a variety of scaffold materials for use in tissue regeneration.
Assessing broader impacts of funded research: the US National Science Foundation v. Lamar Smith
Authors: Drummond Otten Caitlin , Fischhoff Baruch 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The US National Science Foundation (NSF) must demonstrate the value of the research that it funds. To that end, NSF has developed two criteria for its funding decisions: intellectual merit (IM), the potential to advance knowledge, and broader impacts (BI), the potential to benefit society. Critics have argued that these criteria are insufficient, including former Rep. Lamar Smith (R-TX), who offered his own criteria delineating specific desired impacts, such as economic competitiveness. We empirically assess this criticism by comparing public ratings of NSF-funded projects, based on their Project Outcomes Report (POR), using NSF’s and Smith’s criteria. Participants rated NSF-funded research as satisfying both NSF’s and Smith’s criteria, which were moderately correlated. Adding explicit references to societal BI improved ratings slightly. Noting NSF support did not. Our results suggest that having PORs explicitly address additional criteria could increase perceived BI without compromising IM.
One view of the next decade of research on behavioral and biobehavioral approaches to cancer prevention and control: intervention optimization
Authors: Collins Linda M , Strayhorn Jillian C , Vanness David J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
As a new decade begins, we propose that the time is right to reexamine current methods and procedures and look for opportunities to accelerate progress in cancer prevention and control. In this article we offer our view of the next decade of research on behavioral and biobehavioral interventions for cancer prevention and control. We begin by discussing and questioning several implicit conventions. We then briefly introduce an alternative research framework: the multiphase optimization strategy (MOST). MOST, a principled framework for intervention development, optimization, and evaluation, stresses not only intervention effectiveness, but also intervention affordability, scalability, and efficiency. We review some current limitations of MOST along with future directions for methodological work in this area, and suggest some changes in the scientific environment we believe would permit wider adoption of intervention optimization. We propose that wider adoption of intervention optimization would have a positive impact on development and successful implementation of interventions for cancer prevention and control and on intervention science more broadly, including accumulation of a coherent base of knowledge about what works and what does not; establishment of an empirical basis for adaptation of interventions to different settings with different levels and types of resources; and, in the long run, acceleration of progress from Stage 0 to Stage V in the National Institutes of Health Model of Stages of Intervention Development.
Financial toxicity in cancer care: origins, impact, and solutions
Authors: Abrams Hannah R , Durbin Sienna , Huang Cher X , Johnson Shawn F , Nayak Rahul K , Zahner Greg J , Peppercorn Jeffrey 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Financial toxicity describes the financial burden and distress that can arise for patients, and their family members, as a result of cancer treatment. It includes direct out-of-pocket costs for treatment and indirect costs such as travel, time, and changes to employment that can increase the burden of cancer. While high costs of cancer care have threatened the sustainability of access to care for decades, it is only in the past 10 years that the term “financial toxicity” has been popularized to recognize that the financial burdens of care can be just as important as the physical toxicities traditionally associated with cancer therapy. The past decade has seen a rapid growth in research identifying the prevalence and impact of financial toxicity. Research is now beginning to focus on innovations in screening and care delivery that can mitigate this risk. There is a need to determine the optimal strategy for clinicians and cancer centers to address costs of care in order to minimize financial toxicity, promote access to high value care, and reduce health disparities. We review the evolution of concerns over costs of cancer care, the impact of financial burdens on patients, methods to screen for financial toxicity, proposed solutions, and priorities for future research to identify and address costs that threaten the health and quality of life for many patients with cancer.
Basic behavioral science research priorities in minority health and health disparities
Authors: Halbert Chanita Hughes , Allen Caitlin G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Achieving health equity among disparity populations has been a national, regional, and local priority for several years. Health promotion and disease prevention behaviors play an important role in achieving health equity; the first generation of behavioral science studies in minority health and health disparities have provided important insights about the nature and distribution of risk exposure behaviors in disparity populations. Interventions have also been developed to enhance health promotion and disease prevention behaviors using behavioral counseling, tailored health communications, and interventions that are developed collaboratively with community stakeholders. Although intervention development and evaluation are components of transdisciplinary translational behavior research, discovery science is a critical first step in translational research. Consistent with this, conceptual models and frameworks of minority health and health disparities have evolved to include multilevel determinants that include basic behavioral mechanisms such as stress responses and stress reactivity that have physiological, psychological, and behavioral components that are relevant to minority health and health disparities. This report describes priorities, opportunities, and barriers to conducting transdisciplinary translational behavioral research during the next generation of minority health and health disparities research.