bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of Diabetic Retinopathy by Momordica chochinchinensis through Inhibition of AGEs and PCO in Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats
Authors: Putta Swathi , Kilari Eswar Kumar 
Published: June 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic pericarp extract of Momordica chochinchinensis (HAPMC) on diabetes, oxidative stress, protein glycation and formation of advanced glycated end products (AGE) and obtain comparison with gliclazide. Albino Wistar rats were induced for diabetes by streptozotocin and divided into five groups as vehicle control (group I), disease control (group II), standard gliclazide (Group III), group IV, and V received 150, 300 mg/kg of HAPMC respectively, for a period of 12 weeks. Blood glucose levels were estimated and Cataract progression due to hyperglycemia was monitored by slit lamp biomicroscope and fundoscope at the end of every 4 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the biochemical pathways involved in the pathogenesis of cataract such as oxidative stress by protein content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and aldose reductase (AR) in lens homogenates, protein carbonyl content (PCO) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in both serum and lens of HAPMC treated diabetic rats were compared to diabetic rats. The HAPMC was shown to have significant (p<0.05) reduction of blood glucose levels compared to STZ induced diabetic rats. Slit lamp observations indicated cataract due to hyperglycemia. Progression and maturation were delayed significantly with HAPMC treatment. Photographs of fundus shows marked thickness of retina and dilated blood vessels in diabetic rats compared to control. Normal thickness of fundus and blood vessels was observed with HAPMC treatment. A significant improvement in antioxidant enzymes as SOD, CAT, GSH levels and inhibiting AR levels, and inhibition of PCO and AGE levels in lens homogenate. The histopathology of retina reveals that HAPMC treatment showed marked amelioration of all retinal cell layers damaged with STZ induction. These results suggest that the HAPMC is effective against STZ induced cataract and is beneficial in inhibition of formation of AGEs in the progression of diabetic retinopathy due to the presence of flavonoids like rutin, quercitin and kaempiferol.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Muscadine Grape Extract Improves Arterial Stiffness in Hypertensive (mRen2)27 Female Rats
Authors: Ryalat Fatima , Yamaleyeva Liliya M. , Cruz‐Diaz Nildris , Varagic Jasmina , Gallagher Patricia E. , Tallant E. Ann , Diz Debra I. 
Published: June 2021

Increased arterial stiffness is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and target‐organ damage and is more prevalent in female subjects, as well as in the elderly. The rate of development of arterial stiffness is associated with wide pulse pressure and can be accelerated by hypertension. Grape polyphenols are known for antioxidant effects that could be protective against cardiovascular disease, especially during aging. We investigated the effects of chronic muscadine grape extract (MGE; Piedmont Research & Development Corp.) intake on aortic arch pulse wave velocity (PWV) in transgenic hypertensive (mRen2)27 female rats. The extract was administered in the drinking water (0.2 mg of total phenolics/mL) to 14‐week‐old (mRen2)27 female rats (body weight at baseline (g), MGE: 274 vs Control: 261, p > 0.05; systolic blood pressure at baseline (mm Hg), MGE: 174 ± 5 vs Control: 166 ± 4, p > 0.05). After 15 weeks of treatment, PWV was measured after acquiring the images using a preclinical ultrasound and photoacoustic system (Vevo LAZR 2100, Fujifilm, Visual Sonics). Our data show that rats treated with MGE have 16% lower PWV compared to Control (MGE: 2.40 ± 0.05 vs Control: 2.85 ± 0.09 mm/s; p < 0.01, n = 4 in each group). However, preliminary data indicate no significant treatment differences at this time point in cardiac function parameters (cardiac output, heart rate, stroke volume, ejection fraction, fractional shortening or left ventricular filling pressure). Since lower PWV is an index of less arterial stiffness, we conclude that chronic MGE treatment improves aortic stiffness in female hypertensive rats providing a potential beneficial effect on overall cardiovascular health.Support or Funding InformationChronic Disease Fund ResearchThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Antihyperglycemic Activity of Asparagus gonoclados Root Tubers in Streptozotocininduced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Chippada Apparao , Kotha Peddanna , Allagadda Rajasekhar , Badri Kameswara R. 
Published: June 2021

Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder affecting more than 422 million people worldwide. The available pharmacological approaches for the prevention and treatment of diabetes are not adequate due to associated side effects and higher costs. For centuries, ancient cultures across the globe emphasized the critical role of natural remedies in managing the diabetes by using them. Asparagus gonoclados is a traditional folk remedy used for diabetes mellitus in India. The present investigation was taken up to evaluate the anti‐diabetic activity of the A. gonoclados (Liliaceae) root tubers. Different solvent extracts (aqueous, ethanol, ethyl acetate and hexane) were prepared from A. gonoclados root tubers and were tested for anti‐hyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and, anti‐α‐glucosidase and anti‐α‐amylase activity in vitro. Among the different solvent extracts, oral administration of ethanol extract (AGEE) of A. gonoclados, at a dose 500 mg/kg b.w, has produced maximum (67%) reduction in fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic treated rats after 6 hrs when compared to the glibenclamide (20 mg/kg b.w.) treated group. AGEE also has revealed the dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase activities that is comparable to α‐glucosidase inhibitor drug, Acarbose. Phytochemical analysis of AGEE revealed the presence of steroidal saponins, sapogenins, phenols, flavonoids, phytosterols, tannins, triterpenes, carbohydrates, alkaloids and proteins. AGEE has the richest quantity of total phenolics (138.4±0.39 μg/mg gallic acid equivalents), flavonoids (64.8±0.54 μg/mg quercetin equivalents) and steroidal saponins (12.9±0.11 μg/mg sarasapogenin eqivalents). Further characterization of ethanol extract was carried out by LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis and fifteen compounds were identified. Our studies are the first to report anti‐diabetic activity of A. gonoclados root tubers. We conclude that A. gonoclados has potential therapeutic importance in the management of diabetes mellitus.Support or Funding InformationThis study is funded by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR, India) through major research project (No.45/18/2012).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Maternal and Embryo‐Fetal Historical Background Control Data in the Hsd:Sprague Dawley®SD® Rat
Authors: Horn Mandy , Williams Denita , Parker Robert 
Published: June 2021

Maternal and embryo‐fetal historical background control data supports improved interpretation of lesions in reproductive toxicity studies. A maternal and embryo‐fetal toxicity study was performed to generate historical background control data in the Hsd:Sprague Dawley®SD® rat model. One hundred previously nulliparous and virgin time‐mated female Sprague Dawley rats, allotted in four subsets of 25 rats each, were housed under standard housing and husbandry conditions with ad libitum access to a standard diet (18% protein, 6% fat) and water. Rats were administered tap water (10 mL/kg body weight) by oral gavage once daily from gestational day 6 to 17. Body weight, food consumption, and clinical observations were monitored throughout the in‐life phase of the study. On gestational day 20, animals were euthanized and submitted for Cesarean section and necropsy. A macroscopic postmortem evaluation was performed on all animals, including counts of corpora lutea and implantations and uterine weights. Fetuses were removed, weighed, sexed, and examined externally for defects as well as soft tissue abnormalities and skeletal abnormalities. Placentas were examined and weighed. One hundred dams were pregnant and 100 litters were evaluated. There were 1,488 fetuses examined externally; 698 had fixed visceral evaluations and 790 fetuses had skeletal evaluations. A detailed analysis of maternal data, including body weight, food consumption, and pregnancy outcome will be presented. Fetal data including uterine and placental weights, in addition to fetal examinations, including external, soft tissue (visceral), and skeletal will also be presented. These data support the use of the Hsd:Sprague Dawley®SD® rat as a valuable toxicology model and will assist in interpretation of lesion data in future studies with this model.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Bone‐like Particles Circulate in the Peripheral Blood of 6‐ and 18‐Month‐Old Male Fischer‐344 Rats
Authors: Lee Seungyong , Guderian Sophie , Prisby Rhonda 
Published: June 2021

We recently identified a novel vascular pathology whereby bone marrow blood vessels progressively ossify (i.e., calcify) with advancing age. Examination of ossified and normal blood vessels revealed ossified (i.e., bone‐like) particles (OSP) at the luminal and abluminal surfaces. We theorized that OSP gain access to the peripheral circulation and hypothesized that their frequency would augment with advancing age. Whole blood samples were collected from male Fischer‐344 rats (6‐mon, n=6 and 18‐mon, n=6) and 500 μL were processed to characterize OSP. The OSP were quantified and sorted with a BD FACSAria II flow cytometer, and imaged with confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Diameter and size distribution were assessed from 3 rats per group utilizing SEM microphotographs and Image J. Data are presented as Means ± SEM. Body mass was higher (p<0.05) at 18‐ vs. 6‐mon. The number of sorted OSP did not differ between groups (i.e., 6‐mon, 2,540 ± 492 per 500 μL and 18‐mon, 3,296 ± 868 per 500 μL). OSP ranging in diameter from <1–15 μm (6‐mon, n=47 ± 5 and 18‐mon, n=52 ± 6), 15–30 μm (6‐mon, n=12 ± 4 and 18‐mon, n=5 ± 4) and 45–60 μm (6‐mon, n=2 ± 1 and 18‐mon, n=1 ± 0.7) were present at equal frequencies between groups. However, there were more (p>0.05) OSP ranging in diameter from 30–45 μm at 6‐mon (n=3 ± 0) vs. 18‐mon (n=1 ± 0.6). SEM images revealed OSP with rough and jagged edges (Figure 1). In conclusion, OSP >15 μm may serve as emboli, and their rough morphology may damage the endothelial cell lining of blood vessels. Finally, circulating OSP potentially contribute to vascular calcification.Support or Funding InformationSupported by NIH NIGMS P20 GM103446 Core Access Award (R. Prisby) and AHA 16IRG27550003 (R. Prisby).This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Dynamic blood flow control by ATP‐sensitive K+ channel in heart
Authors: Zhao Guiling , Joca Humberto C. , Lederer W. Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

Blood flow within the heart itself is tightly coupled to its metabolic needs. Despite its importance, little is known about the way the local blood flow is regulated on a beat‐to‐beat basis. This study has investigated the molecular and cellular regulatory mechanisms that control blood flow in the mammalian heart using perfused mouse cardiac papillary muscle preparation as well as cultured primary ventricular myocytes and capillary endothelial cells. State‐of‐the‐art high‐speed confocal microscopes that include a combination of XY (Nipkow disk) and point‐scanner confocals have been used to monitor the functional changes of arterioles and capillaries in heart. The preparations were examined using a temperature and flow control superfusion bath and patch clamp manipulators and instrumentation. Our results suggest that hyperpolarizing current generated by ATP‐sensitive K+ channel (KATP) in cardiomyocytes may enter apposed capillary endothelial cells through gap junctions and hyperpolarize these cells. These endothelial cells may then underlie the hyperpolarization of gap‐junction‐connected arterial smooth muscle cells that relax to produce vasodilation and blood flow elevation. An additional contribution to blood flow elevation and vascular relaxation may be attributed to extracellular K+ ([K+]o) increases around the endothelial cells (from ventricular myocyte KATP and other K+ channels). The hyperpolarization of capillary endothelial cells is due to the [K+]o‐dependent activation of inward rectifier K+ channels (Kir). Thus, the activation of KATP in cardiac myocytes caused by [ATP]i drop and/or metabolite accumulation in cardiac myocytes links the metabolism of specific myocytes to the local increase in blood flow. This mechanism is a classic negative‐feedback signaling mechanism that links ventricular myocyte metabolism to locally increased blood flow.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
New insights into the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in Marfan syndrome associated aortic aneurysm
Authors: Talley Nicholas , Hoxha Brikena , Alexander Tia , Cameron Eryn L. , Vallejo‐Elias Johana , Esfandiarei Mitra 
Published: June 2021

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease that affects the connective tissue of large vessels throughout the human body. MFS is caused by mutations in the FBN1 gene which encodes for fibrillin‐1, a major component of extracellular microfibrils and acts as a scaffolding protein for elastin deposition, and allows for the formation of elastic fibers in the extracellular matrix of large arteries. The loss of aortic wall structural integrity leads to cardiovascular manifestations of MFS, which include the dilation of the aortic root that can lead to dissection and rupture. Previous studies have shown that the activity of endothelial nitric oxide (eNOS) has decreased in the aortic wall leading to endothelial dysfunction in MFS mice. However, we have been able to show that despite an obvious decrease in eNOS activity, the basal NO level in the aortic tissue is significantly higher in MFS mice aorta. Therefore, we aim to further determine the role that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) may play in MFS aneurysm pathogenesis by creating a MFS mouse lacking iNOS expression. In this study, wild type C75BL/6, MFS (FBN +/−) and MFS mice lacking iNOS expression (FBN+/−, iNOS−/−) were subjected to high resolution, high frequency ultrasound imaging at the age of 3 and 6 months to evaluate various cardiac and aortic parameters including aortic diameter, pulse wave velocity, cardiac ejection fraction & stroke volume, left ventricular wall thickness and mass and mitral valve early and atrial velocities (E/A) ratio. Our data shows that aortic root diameters at the aortic annulus and sinus of Valsalva, aortic pulse wave velocity, and mitral valve early velocity were greater in 3‐month old MFS mice when compared to control and MFS mice lacking iNOS expression, indicating a significant increase in aortic wall stiffness in MFS mice aorta. At 6 months of age, mitral valve early and atrial velocities and E/A ration were significantly decreased in MFS mice compared to controls and MFS mice lacking iNOS expression. In addition, measurements for aortic annulus diameter, ejection fraction, fractional shortening were markedly increased in 6‐month old MFS mice as compared to control and MFS mice lacking iNOS expression. These findings indicate that inhibition of iNOS may have some protective effects in the cardiovascular system in MFS mice, and therefore, providing valuable information about the potential therapeutic value of iNOS inhibition on cardiac and aortic function and structure in the mouse model of MFS associated aortic aneurysm.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Measurement of Electrolytes, Including Acetate in Various Physiological Samples Using Ion Chromatography
Authors: Chapp Andrew D. , Schum Simeon , Behnke Jessica E. , Huber Michael J. , Jiang Enshe , Larson Robert A. , Shan Zhiying , Chen Qing‐Hui 
Published: June 2021

Accurate quantification of cations and anions remains a major diagnostic tool in understanding diseased states. The current technologies used for these analyses are either unable to quantify all ions due to sample size/volume, instrument setup/method, or are only able to measure ion concentrations from one physiological sample (liquid or solid). Herein, we adapted a common analytical chemistry technique, ion chromatography and applied it to measure the concentration of cations; sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and ammonium (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+) and anions; chloride and acetate (Cl−, −OAc) from physiological samples. Specifically, cations and anions were measured in liquid samples: serum and cerebrospinal fluid, as well as tissue samples: liver, cortex, hypothalamus and amygdala. Serum concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, and −OAc (mM): 138.8 ± 4.56, 4.05 ± 0.21, 4.07 ± 0.26, 0.98 ± 0.05, 97.7 ± 3.42 and 0.23 ± 0.04, respectively. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, and −OAc (mM): 145.1 ± 2.81, 2.41 ± 0.26, 2.18 ± 0.38, 1.04 ± 0.11, 120.2 ± 3.75, 0.21 ± 0.05, respectively. Ammonium was undetectable in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Tissue Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, Cl− and −OAc were also measured. Validation of the ion chromatography method was established by comparing chloride concentration between ion chromatography with a known method using an ion selective chloride electrode. These results indicate that ion chromatography is a suitable method for the measurement of cations and anions, including acetate from various physiological samples.Support or Funding InformationFunding support: AHA 16PRE27780121, Andrew Chapp, R15‐HL129213, Zhiying Shan; R15‐HL122952, Qing‐Hui Chen.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Hypertensive and Pre‐Hypertensive African Green Monkeys Display Increased Proteinuria
Authors: Rhoads Megan K. , Osborn Jeffrey L. 
Published: June 2021

Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus, the African Green Monkey (AGM), is a highly translational model of spontaneous hypertension with cardiorenal pathologies and age‐dependent prevalence similar to humans with essential hypertension. Since a large majority of the patient population is diagnosed with idiopathic hypertension, the AGM represents a unique opportunity to explore the cause and consequences of elevated blood pressures in a closely related non‐human primate species that shares many physiological similarities, including diurnal rhythmicity, upright postural positioning, and complex group social dynamics. In a cohort of 40 adult male AGMs, we tested the hypothesis that hypertensive AGMs would display increased proteinuria and decreased GFR compared to normotensive controls. Animals were singly housed in metabolic pens with water ad libitum and fed non‐human primate chow twice daily. While animals were lightly sedated (ketamine, ~15 mg/kg), blood pressures were measured by forearm cuff plesythmography and whole blood was drawn. After a 1 week acclimation period, 24‐hour urine was collected for 3 consecutive days. Urine protein concentrations were measured by Pierce bicinchoninic acid assay and plasma/urine creatinine concentrations were measured by the Jaffe reaction. Animals were categorized as normotensive (NT, systolic blood pressure (SBP) < 120 mmHg), pre‐hypertensive (PHT, SBP between 120 and 140 mmHg), or hypertensive (HT, SBP >140 mmHg). Normotensive (n =11, mean SBP±SE: 109.1±4.19 mmHg), pre‐hypertensive (n=9, 129±1.61 mmHg), and hypertensive (n=20, 169.81±6.77 mmHg) animals had similar daily water intakes and urine flow rates. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was similar between all three groups (NT eGFR: 1.45±0.36 mL/min; PHT eGFR: 1.34±0.17 mL/min; HT eGFR: 2.00±0.35 mL/min, p>0.05), but PHT and HT groups had significantly increased proteinuria compared to NT animals (NT: 198.47±30.71 mg/day; PHT: 492.43±68.17 mg/day, p<0.05 vs. NT; and HT: 435.22±34.59 mg/day, p<0.05 vs NT). This data suggests that in the AGM, similar to humans, renal dysfunction that may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of spontaneous hypertension, further validating the use of this species as an important and clinically relevant whole animal model for hypertension. Ongoing studies will assess glomerular and tubular morphological pathologies, albuminuria, electrolyte excretion and the contribution of sympathetic activation to blood pressure control in this novel model of spontaneous hypertension.Support or Funding InformationFunding Sources: American Heart Association Pre‐doctoral Fellowship to MKR (16PRE30010011) and Biomedical Science Research Group, LLCThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.