bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing and managing paediatric concussion: Key recommendations for general paediatricians and family doctors
Authors: Dawson Jennifer , Reed Nick , Bauman Shannon , Seguin Ryan , Zemek Roger 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Concussion in children and adolescents is an important health concern. Most paediatric patients fully recover in 1 month or less following an acute concussion. However, some experience prolonged or persistent concussion symptoms for months. Those with prolonged post-concussion-related symptoms may have impaired quality of life, and limited involvement in social, academic, and physical activities with associated mental health implications. In this review, we share key updated clinical recommendations from the Living Guideline for Diagnosing and Managing Pediatric Concussion that will improve the way general paediatricians and family doctors diagnose and manage paediatric patients with suspected concussion.
Knockdown of Succinate Dehydrogenase Assembly Factor 2 Induces Reactive Oxygen Species–Mediated Auxin Hypersensitivity Causing pH-Dependent Root Elongation
Authors: Tivendale Nathan D , Belt Katharina , Berkowitz Oliver , Whelan James , Millar A Harvey , Huang Shaobai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Metabolism, auxin signaling and reactive oxygen species (ROS) all contribute to plant growth, and each is linked to plant mitochondria and the process of respiration. Knockdown of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase assembly factor 2 (SDHAF2) in Arabidopsis thaliana lowered succinate dehydrogenase activity and led to pH-inducible root inhibition when the growth medium pH was poised at different points between 7.0 and 5.0, but this phenomenon was not observed in wildtype (WT). Roots of sdhaf2 mutants showed high accumulation of succinate, depletion of citrate and malate and up-regulation of ROS-related and stress-inducible genes at pH 5.5. A change of oxidative status in sdhaf2 roots at low pH was also evidenced by low ROS staining in root tips and altered root sensitivity to H2O2. sdhaf2 had low auxin activity in root tips via DR5-GUS staining but displayed increased indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, auxin) abundance and IAA hypersensitivity, which is most likely caused by the change in ROS levels. On this basis, we conclude that knockdown of SDHAF2 induces pH-related root elongation and auxin hyperaccumulation and hypersensitivity, mediated by altered ROS homeostasis. This observation extends the existing evidence of associations between mitochondrial function and auxin by establishing a cascade of cellular events that link them through ROS formation, metabolism and root growth at different pH values.
Advances in Two-Photon Imaging in Plants
Authors: Mizuta Yoko 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Live and deep imaging play a significant role in the physiological and biological study of organisms. Two-photon excitation microscopy (2PEM), also known as multiphoton excitation microscopy, is a fluorescent imaging technique that allows deep imaging of living tissues. Two-photon lasers use near-infrared (NIR) pulse lasers that are less invasive and permit deep tissue penetration. In this review, recent advances in two-photon imaging and their applications in plant studies are discussed. Compared to confocal microscopy, NIR 2PEM exhibits reduced plant-specific autofluorescence, thereby achieving greater depth and high-resolution imaging in plant tissues. Fluorescent proteins with long emission wavelengths, such as orange–red fluorescent proteins, are particularly suitable for two-photon live imaging in plants. Furthermore, deep- and high-resolution imaging was achieved using plant-specific clearing methods. In addition to imaging, optical cell manipulations can be performed using femtosecond pulsed lasers at the single cell or organelle level. Optical surgery and manipulation can reveal cellular communication during development. Advances in in vivo imaging using 2PEM will greatly benefit biological studies in plant sciences.
Support for the Reliability and Validity of the National Institutes of Health Impact Stratification Score in a Sample of Active-Duty U.S. Military Personnel with Low Back Pain
Authors: Hays Ron D , Orlando Edelen Maria , Rodriguez Anthony , Herman Patricia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Evaluate the Impact Stratification Score (ISS) measure of low back pain impact that assesses physical function, pain interference, and pain intensity.

Design
Secondary analyses of a prospective comparative effectiveness trial of active-duty military personnel with low back pain.

Setting
A Naval hospital at a military training site (Pensacola, Florida) and two military medical centers: 1) Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (Bethesda, Maryland); and 2) San Diego Naval Medical Center.

Subjects
The 749 active-duty military personnel had an average age of 31 years, 76% were male, and 67% were white.

Methods
Participants completed questionnaires at baseline, 6 weeks later, and 12 weeks later. Measures included the ISS, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), PROMIS-29 v1.0 satisfaction with social role participation scale, and single-item ratings of average pain, feeling bothered by low back pain in the past week, and a rating of change in low back pain.

Results
Internal consistency reliability for the ISS was 0.92–0.93 at the three time points. The ISS correlated 0.75 to 0.84 with the RMDQ, 0.51 to 0.78 with the single-item ratings, and −0.64 to −0.71 with satisfaction with social role participation. The ISS was responsive to change on the three single items. The area under the curve for the ISS predicting improvement on the rating of change from baseline to 6 weeks later was 0.83.

Conclusions
This study provides support for the reliability and validity of the ISS as a patient-reported summary measure for acute, subacute, and chronic low back pain. The ISS is a useful indicator of low back impact.
Strict Id Laws Don’t Stop Voters: Evidence from a U.S. Nationwide Panel, 2008–2018
Authors: Cantoni Enrico , Pons Vincent 
Published: May 2021

AbstractU.S. states increasingly require identification to vote—an ostensible attempt to deter fraud that prompts complaints of selective disenfranchisement. Using a difference-in-differences design on a panel data set with 1.6 billion observations, 2008–2018, we find that the laws have no negative effect on registration or turnout, overall or for any group defined by race, gender, age, or party affiliation. These results hold through a large number of specifications. Our most demanding specification controls for state, year, and voter fixed effects, along with state and voter time-varying controls. Based on this specification, we obtain point estimates of −0.1 percentage points for effects both on overall registration and turnout (with 95% confidence intervals of [−2.3; 2.1 percentage points] and [−3.0; 2.8 percentage points], respectively), and +1.4 percentage points for the effect on the turnout of nonwhite voters relative to whites (with a 95% confidence interval of [−0.5; 3.2 percentage points]). The lack of negative impact on voter turnout cannot be attributed to voters’ reaction against the laws, measured by campaign contributions and self-reported political engagement. However, the likelihood that nonwhite voters were contacted by a campaign increases by 4.7 percentage points, suggesting that parties’ mobilization might have offset modest effects of the laws on the participation of ethnic minorities. Finally, strict ID requirements have no effect on fraud, actual or perceived. Overall, our findings suggest that efforts to improve elections may be better directed at other reforms.
Interpersonal Coordination in Schizophrenia: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Dean Derek J , Scott Jason , Park Sohee 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Interpersonal coordination forms the natural bridge between the self and others. It arises from the dynamic and complex set of embodied processes that involve nonverbal behaviors, perceptions, movement, and emotions that support adaptive interactions. Disembodiment has been implicated in a myriad of core clinical phenomena that manifest in a “praecox feeling” in persons with schizophrenia during interpersonal interactions. To further understand mechanisms underlying aberrant interpersonal interactions in schizophrenia, recent research has focused on mimicry, imitation, and interactional synchrony. In this study, we conducted a Pubmed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo database review of the literature on interpersonal coordination in schizophrenia to evaluate the body of work in mimicry, imitation, and interactional synchrony in relation to schizophrenia-spectrum conditions. The results of the review suggest that the sensory-motor processes underlying interpersonal coordination may result in impaired abilities to mimic and synchronize nonverbal behavior during interactions. Opportunities for future progress lie in studies of interpersonal coordination at different developmental stages of psychosis, potential use of interpersonal coordination to improve treatment adherence and reduce stigma, as well as interventions to improve social functioning in people with a serious mental illness.
Assessing brain iron and volume of subcortical nuclei in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Chai Chao , Ghassaban Kiarash , Ye Jingyi , Huang Yaqin , Zhang Tong , Wu Wei , Zhu Jinxia , Zhang Xianchang , Haacke E Mark , Wang Zhiyun , Xue Rong , Xia Shuang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStudy ObjectivesThe relationship of iron with cognitive and motor impairment in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) remains unknown.MethodsTwenty-nine (29) patients and 28 healthy controls (HCs) underwent susceptibility weighted imaging and susceptibility mapping. These images were used to evaluate the nigrosome-1 (N1) sign in the substantia nigra (SN), global and regional high-iron (RII) content, and volume of subcortical nuclei.ResultsThe number of iRBD patients with N1 loss (12) was significantly higher than HCs (2) (p = 0.005). Compared with HCs, the iRBD patients had reduced volume of the right caudate nucleus (RCN) (p &lt; 0.05, false discovery rate [FDR] correction) but no significant changes in global and RII iron of the subcortical nuclei (all p &gt; 0.05, FDR correction). Multiple regression analysis revealed that: for cognitive function, the RII iron of the RCN was significantly correlated with visuospatial function and the global iron of the right dentate nucleus (RDN) was correlated with memory function; for motor function, the RII iron of the left DN (LDN) and global iron of the left CN correlated with the Alternate-Tap test (left, average), the global iron of the LDN correlated with the Alternate-Tap test (right), and the global iron of the left GP correlated with the 3-m Timed Up and Go test (all p &lt; 0.05, FDR correction).ConclusionsOur exploratory analysis found that iRBD patients had a higher incidence of N1 loss and reduced RCN volume after FDR correction. Cognitive and motor impairment were associated with iron deposition in several cerebral nuclei after FDR correction.
Histograms of Frequency-Intensity Distribution Deep Learning to Predict the Seizure Liability of Drugs in Electroencephalography
Authors: Matsuda Naoki , Kinoshita Kenichi , Okamura Ai , Shirakawa Takafumi , Suzuki Ikuro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDetection of seizures as well as that of seizure auras is effective in improving the predictive accuracy of seizure liability of drugs. Whereas electroencephalography has been known to be effective for the detection of seizure liability, no established methods are available for the detection of seizure auras. We developed a method for detecting seizure auras through machine learning using frequency-characteristic images of electroencephalograms. Histograms of frequency-intensity distribution prepared from electroencephalograms of rats analyzed during seizures induced with 4-aminopyridine (6 mg/kg), strychnine (3 mg/kg), and pilocarpine (400 mg/kg), were used to create an artificial intelligence (AI) system that learned the features of frequency-characteristic images during seizures. The AI system detected seizure states learned in advance with 100% accuracy induced even by convulsants acting through different mechanisms, and the risk of seizure before a seizure was detected in general observation. The developed AI system determined that the unlearned convulsant Tramadol (150 mg/kg) was the risk of seizure and the negative compounds aspirin and vehicle were negative. Moreover, the AI system detected seizure liability even in electroencephalography data associated with the use of 4-aminopyridine (3 mg/kg), strychnine (1 mg/kg), and pilocarpine (150 mg/kg), which did not induce seizures detectable in general observation. These results suggest that the AI system developed herein is an effective means for electroencephalographic detection of seizure auras, raising expectations for its practical use as a new analytical method that allows for the sensitive detection of seizure liability of drugs that has been overlooked previously in preclinical studies.
Anticipated Difficult Airway During Obstetric General Anesthesia: Narrative Literature Review and Management Recommendations
Authors: Mushambi M.C. , Athanassoglou V. , Kinsella S.M. 
Published: May 2021

(Anaesthesia. 2020;75:945–961)
The Obstetric Anaesthetists’ Association (OAA) and the Difficult Airway Society (DAS) issued guidelines for difficult tracheal intubation in pregnant women in 2015. Many other organizations have published guidelines for difficult intubation in non-obstetric patients. This report aimed to review literature on difficult intubation in pregnant women and specifically address antenatal multidisciplinary planning for patients with anticipated and/or known difficult airway including awake tracheal intubation.
Caring for Women Who are Planning a Pregnancy, Pregnant, or Postpartum During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rasmussen S.A. , Jamieson D.J. 
Published: May 2021

(JAMA. 2020;324:190–191)
Much is still unknown about the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on pregnant women and their newborns, but data continue to emerge. In addition, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and professional organizations have made recommendations to guide the care for this population.
Factors Associated With Persistent Pain After Childbirth: A Narrative Review
Authors: Komatsu R. , Ando K. , Flood P.D. 
Published: May 2021

(British J Anaesthesia. 2020;124:e117–e130)
A large proportion of parturients experience persistent pain following childbirth which is a particularly concerning issue considering the youth, vulnerability and population size involved. Identifying predictive factors for the development of persistent pain could improve screening practices and suggest interventions. This narrative review used current literature regarding predictive factors to improve identification of at-risk individuals.
Severe Maternal Morbidity and Mortality Associated With COVID-19: The Risk Should not be Downplayed
Authors: Westgren M. , Pettersson K. , Hagberg H. , Acharya G. 
Published: May 2021

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020;99:815–816)
While some countries have reported no increased risk of COVID-19 infection or severity, a report from Sweden analyzing 108 cases of COVID-19 in pregnancy suggests otherwise. The study found pregnant and early postpartum women with COVID-19, compared to non-pregnant women, had a relative risk (RR) to receive intensive care of 5.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.89-10.08) and a RR to require invasive mechanical ventilation of 4.0 (95% CI 1.75-9.14). The RR remained elevated even when 50% more pregnancies were estimated to account for pregnancy losses (RR 3.4, 95% CI 1.86-6.52). While this study included only a small number of cases, these findings should not be ignored.
Exposure to General Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery and Odds of Severe Postpartum Depression Requiring Hospitalization
Authors: Guglielminotti J. , Li G. 
Published: May 2021

(Anesth Analg. 2020;131:1421–1429)
Postpartum depression (PPD) affects up to 1 in 7 women in the United States. There is a need to identify actionable risk factors for PPD prior to the beginning of depressive symptoms. Cesarean delivery has been associated with increased risk of PPD compared to vaginal delivery. There have not been any studies investigating the effect of anesthesia mode on risk of PPD. This study hypothesized that general anesthesia for cesarean delivery, compared with neuraxial anesthesia, would increase the risk of severe PPD.
Travel Time to Access Obstetric and Neonatal Care in the United States
Authors: Roa L. , Uribe-Leitz T. , Fallah P.N. , Williams W. , Jarman M.P. , Bergmark R.W. , Boatin A.A. , Molina R.L. 
Published: May 2021

(Obstet Gynecol. 2020;136:610–612)
Timely access to obstetric care is an important measurement to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. The ability to travel to a facility that can perform essential surgeries, including cesarean delivery, within 2 hours is considered timely access by the Lancet Commission of Global Surgery. Some studies have used drive times of 30- or 60-minutes to assess timely access based on benchmarks for trauma, burns and stroke. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has no such benchmark for timely access to an obstetric care facility. This has raised concerns as both high-risk pregnancies and closures of rural obstetric units increase in the United States. The aim of this study is to evaluate U.S. travel times to access obstetric and neonatal intensive care in the U.S.
The Debate ROTEMs on–the Utility of Point-of-care Testing and Fibrinogen Concentrate in Postpartum Hemorrhage
Authors: Agarwal S. , Laycock H.C. 
Published: May 2021

(Anaesthesia. 2020;75:1247–1251)
A 2019 report by McNamara et al revealed 4 years of data from their use of rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) to help guide the treatment of major obstetric hemorrhage (PPH; defined as >1500 mL estimated blood loss with continued bleeding or evidence of shock). Their proposed ROTEM-guided strategy for transfusion called for fibrinogen concentrate to treat coagulopathy in place of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and/or cryoprecipitate. The ROTEM-based protocol was compared to the previous care standard, which included a shock pack containing four units of FFP, four units of packed red cells, and one pooled unit of platelets. The authors of the original report noted that use of the ROTEM-guided transfusion algorithm had a statistically significant reduction in the number of units and total volume of blood products transfused. This, in turn, pushed them to argue that not all women who experience major PPH are coagulopathic suggesting that perhaps goal-directed transfusion guided by point-of-care (POC) testing is more justified than the routine use of transfusion shock packs in these cases. This issue of Clinical Consequences aims to discuss several controversies: use of fibrinogen concentrates in PPH-related coagulopathy, utility of POC testing in obstetrics and impact of POC testing in guidelines for PPH management; and finally the McNamara et al paper’s likely influence on clinical practice.
Thromboelastographic Assessment of Fibrinolytic Activity in Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Retrospective Single-Center Observational Study
Authors: Arnolds D.E. , Scavone B.M. 
Published: May 2021

(Anesth Analg. 2020;131:1373–1379)
A previous study in mostly low-resource settings found that tranexamic acid, a fibrinolytic inhibitor, decreased death due to bleeding in postpartum hemorrhage, but not overall mortality, compared with placebo. It is unclear what role fibrinolysis plays in postpartum hemorrhage. This retrospective study aimed to estimate the incidence of elevated fibrinolytic activity during postpartum hemorrhage in a single-center, high resource environment.
Postpartum Hemorrhage: Wherefore Art Thou, Hyperfibrinolysis?
Authors: Butwick A.J. 
Published: May 2021

(Anesth Analg. 2020;131:1370–1372)
In the World Maternal Antifibrinolytic Trial (WOMAN), a randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter trial, tranexamic acid was found to reduce the relative risk of death from exsanguination compared with placebo. This study took place in mostly low-resource settings, and whether these findings apply to high-resource settings has been the subject of debate. This has led to the investigation of changes in the fibrinolytic system during delivery, and the prevalence of hyperfibrinolysis in women who experience postpartum hemorrhage.
Effect of Prophylactic Negative Pressure Wound Therapy vs. Standard Wound Dressing on Surgical-Site Infection in Obese Women After Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Tuuli M.G. , Liu J. , Tita A.T.N. , Longo S. , Trudell A. , Carter E.B. , Shanks A. , Woolfolk C. , Caughey A.B. , Warren D.K. , Odibo A.O. , Colditz G. , Macones G.A. , Harper L. 
Published: May 2021

(JAMA. 2020;324:1180–1189)
Maternal obesity is associated with greater likelihood of cesarean delivery and higher risk of surgical-site infection. While prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy using portable, single-use systems has been increasingly used following cesarean delivery, larger studies are needed to evaluate its ability to decrease infections. This study aimed to compare the effects of prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy and standard wound dressing on risk of surgical-site infections. The authors hypothesized negative pressure wound therapy would decrease infections.
Placenta Accreta Spectrum: Biomarker Discovery Using Plasma Proteomics
Authors: Shainker S.A. , Silver R.M. , Modest A.M. , Hacker M.R. , Hecht J.L. , Salahuddin S. , Dillon S.T. , Ciampa E.J. , D’Alton M.E. , Otu H.H. , Abuhamad A.Z. , Einerson B.D. , Branch D.W. , Wylie B.J. , Libermann TA , Karumanchi S.A. 
Published: May 2021

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020;223:433.e1–14)
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), which includes placenta accreta, placenta increta and placenta percreta, often leads to hysterectomy and large-volume maternal hemorrhage and is a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity. While maternal outcomes can be improved with planning after an accurate diagnosis, more than 50% of pregnancies complicated by PAS are not diagnosed prior to delivery. A method of reliable, early diagnosis of PAS is needed to improve maternal outcomes. This study used a novel aptamer-based platform for biomarker discovery to explore whether women who experience PAS have a unique protein signature in maternal plasma during the third trimester that may be used to diagnose PAS.
Vaginal Delivery in SARS-CoV-2-infected Pregnant Women in Northern Italy: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Ferrazzi E. , Frigerio L. , Savasi V. , Vergani P. , Prefumo F. , Barresi S. , Bianchi S. , Ciriello E. , Facchinetti F. , Gervasi M.T. , Iurlaro E. , Kustermann A. , Mangili G. , Mosca F. , Patane L. , Spazzini D. , Spinillo A. , Trojano G. , Vignali M. , Villa A. , Zuccotti G.V. , Parazzini F. , Cetine L. 
Published: May 2021

(BJOG. 2020;127:1116–1121)
Most of the information on the effect of COVID-19 infections during pregnancy is based off of previously available information for other highly pathogenic coronaviruses such as the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). In order to supplement the lack of information regarding COVID-19 infections during pregnancy, the primary aim of this study was to report both mode of delivery and immediate neonatal outcome for SARS-CoV-2-infected women observed in Lombardy during the early phase of the pandemic.