bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of Natural Ions and Rock Interactions for Seawater Breakthrough Percentage Monitoring during Offshore Seawater Flooding
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Li Xiang , Lu Jun 
Published: September 2021

Summary
Seawater breakthrough percentage monitoring is critical for offshore oil reservoirs because seawater fraction is an important parameter for estimating the severity of many flow assurance issues caused by seawater injection and further developing effective strategies to mitigate the impact of those issues on production. The validation of using natural ions as a tracer to calculate the seawater fraction was investigated systematically by studying the natural chemical composition evolution in porous media using coreflood tests and static bottle tests. The applicable range of ions was discussed based on the interaction between ion and rock. The barium sulfate reactive model was improved by integrating interaction between ions and rock as well as fluid flow effect. The results indicate that chloride and sodium interact with rock, but the influence of the interaction can be minimized to a negligible level because of the high concentrations of chloride and sodium. Thus, chloride and sodium can be used as conservative tracers during the seawater flooding process. However, adsorption/desorption may have a large influence on chloride and sodium concentrations under the scenario that both injection water and formation water have low chloride and sodium content. Bromide shows negligible interaction with rock even at low concentrations and can be regarded as being conservative. The application of a barium and sulfate reaction model in coreflood tests does not work as well as in bottle tests because fluid flow in porous media and ion interaction with rock is not taken into account. Although sulfate and barium adsorption on clay is small, it should not be neglected. The barium sulfate reaction model was improved based on the simulation of ion transport in porous media. Cations (magnesium, calcium, and potassium) are involved in the complicated cation-exchange process, which causes large deviation. Therefore, magnesium, calcium, and potassium are not recommended to calculate seawater fraction. Boron, which exists as anions in formation water and is used as a conservative tracer, has significant interactions with core matrix, and using boron in an ion tracking method directly can significantly underestimate the seawater fraction. The results give guidelines on selecting suitable ions as tracers to determine seawater breakthrough percentages under different production scenarios.
Use of Fiber-Optic Information To Detect and Investigate the Gas-in-Riser Phenomenon
Authors: Santos Otto L. A. , Williams Wesley C. , Sharma Jyotsna , Almeida Mauricio A. , Kunju Mahendra K. , Taylor Charles E. 
Published: September 2021

Summary
A potential application of optical fiber technologies in the well control domain is to detect the presence of gas and to unfold the gas dynamics inside marine risers (gas-in-riser). Detecting and monitoring gas-in-riser has become more relevant now when considering the application of managed pressure drilling operations in deep and ultradeep waters that may allow for a controlled amount of gas inside the riser. This application of distributed fiber-optic sensing (DFOS) is currently being evaluated at Louisiana State University (LSU) as part of a gas-in-riser research project granted by the National Academies of Sciences, the Gulf Research Program (GRP).
Thus, the main objective of this paper is to present and discuss the use of DFOS and downhole pressure sensors to detect and track the gas position inside a full-scale test well during experimental runs conducted at LSU. The other objectives of this work are to show experimental findings of gas migration in the closed test well and to present the adequacy of a mathematical model experimentally validated to match the data obtained in the experimental trials.
As a part of this research effort, an existing test well at the LSU Petroleum Engineering Research and Technology Transfer Laboratory (PERTT Lab) was recompleted and instrumented with fiber-optic sensors to continuously collect data along the wellbore and with four pressure and temperature downhole gauges to record those parameters at four discrete depths. A 2⅞-in. tubing string, with its lower end at a depth of 5,026 ft, and a chemical line to inject nitrogen at the bottom of the hole were also installed in the well.
Seven experimental runs were performed in this full-scale apparatus using fresh water and nitrogen to calibrate the installed pieces of equipment, to train the crew of researchers to run the tests, to check experimental repeatability, and to obtain experimental results under very controlled conditions because water and nitrogen have well-defined and constant properties. In five runs, the injected gas was circulated out of the well, whereas in two others, the gas was left inside the closed test well to migrate without circulation. This paper presents and discusses the results of four selected runs.
The experimental runs showed that fiber-optic information can be used to detect and track the gas position and consequently its velocity inside the marine riser. The fiber-optic data presented a very good agreement with those measured by the four downhole pressure gauges, particularly the gas velocity. The gas migration experiments produced very interesting results. With respect to the mathematical model based on the unsteady-state flow of a two-phase mixture, the simulated results produced a remarkable agreement with the fiber-optic, surface acquisition system and the downhole pressure sensors data gathered from the experimental runs.
SARA-Based Correlation To Describe the Effect of Polar/Nonpolar Interaction, Salinity, and Temperature for Interfacial Tension of Low-Asphaltene Crude Oils Characteristic of Unconventional Shale Reservoirs
Authors: Saputra I. W. R. , Schechter D. S. 
Published: September 2021

Summary
Oil/water interfacial tension (IFT) is an important parameter in petroleum engineering, especially for enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) techniques. Surfactant and low-salinity EOR target IFT reduction to improve oil recovery. IFT values can be determined by empirical correlation, but widely used thermodynamic-based correlations do not account for the surface-activities characteristic of the polar/nonpolar interactions caused by naturally existing components in the crude oil. In addition, most crude oils included in these correlations come from conventional reservoirs, which are often dissimilar to the low-asphaltene crude oils produced from shale reservoirs. This study presents a novel oil-composition-based IFT correlation that can be applied to shale-crude-oil samples. The correlation is dependent on the saturates/aromatics/resins/asphaltenes (SARA) analysis of the oil samples. We show that the crude oil produced from most unconventional reservoirs contains little to no asphaltic material. In addition, a more thorough investigation of the effect of oil components, salinity, temperature, and their interactions on the oil/water IFT is provided and explained using the mutual polarity/solubility concept. Fifteen crude-oil samples from prominent US shale plays (i.e., Eagle Ford, Middle Bakken, and Wolfcamp) are included in this study. IFT was measured in systems with salinity from 0 to 24% and temperatures up to 195°F.
Measurement of subjective and objective indices after progressive resistance training compared with aerobic training in Patients with Haemophilia: a study protocol
Authors: Pereira Felicianus Anthony , Soomro Nabila Najam , Hasnain Dilshad Farheen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Bleeding episodes in mild haemophilia may occur after major injuries or surgical procedures with some people not experiencing bleeding episodes. People suffering from moderate haemophilia bleed once a month, however they rarely experience spontaneous bleeding. Those suffering from severe haemophilia bleed quite often into muscles or joints, and episodes can occur once to twice a week. Bleeding usually occurs spontaneously.Objective: To investigate the effects of progressive resistance training on quality of life, muscular strength and joint score in patients with haemophilia. Methodology: Sixty patients will be enrolled in the study. Thirty patients will be allocated to control group, and thirty to intervention group. Controls will be administered active muscle stretching and aerobic exercises. Intervention group will be given active muscle stretching, and resistance training. Patients will be randomly allocated to each group. Anthropometric data will be measured pre-test to establish a baseline. Study variables include muscular strength, and quality of life. All tests will be measured pre-test and post-test to compare effects of treatment.Results: Participant recruitment commenced in June 2021. The post intervention phase will be completed by August 2020. Data analysis will commence after this. A write-up for publication is expected to be completed after the follow-up phase is finalized in August 2021.Conclusions: If resistance training is found to be effective in improving quality of life and muscular strength in participants, it could reduce the frequency of factor therapy given prophylactically, or even as acute treatment, thus directing it towards more severe cases. It will also provide financial relief to organizations supporting the treatment of the hemophilic population.The registration number for this trial is NCT04892628.
Effects of Virtual Reality-based Motor Control Training on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Neuroplasticity in Patients with Chronic Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Huang Chien-Yu , Chiang Wei-Chi , Yeh Ya-Chin , Fan Shih-Chen , Yang Wan-Hsien , Kuo Ho-Chang , Li Ping-Chia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Virtual reality (VR)-based rehabilitation is the innovative approach in motor control training in individuals with stroke. Currently, most outcome assessments of motor performance in stroke were based on subjective functional scales and instruments. Detecting serum biomarkers related to inflammation, oxidative stress and neuroplasticity, might provide precise and subtle changes after motor control training in patients with stroke.Objectives: This study aims to identify the effects of immersive VR-based intervention of motor control training on motor function improvement, inflammation, oxidative stress and neuroplasticity in patients with stroke.Methods: This is an assessor-blinded, randomized controlled study. Patients with stroke will be randomly assigned to VR training (VRT) group or the conventional occupational therapy (COT) group. Clinical assessments will include motor performance and active range of motion (AROM) of the upper limb. Serum concentrations of inflammation, oxidative stress and neuroplasticity will be assessed, including interleukin 6 (IL-6), intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).Expected outcomes: After the intervention, both groups will show improvements in motor performance and the changes of inflammation, oxidative stress and neuroplasticity. As compared to the COT group, the VRT group will show greater improvements in motor performance and AROM of the upper limb, greater induction of HO-1 and BDNF levels, and greater reductions in 8-OHdG.The trial registration number for this study is ChiCTR2100047853.
Acute Ischemic Stroke Secondary to Ulcerative Colitis Successfully Managed with Direct Oral Anticoagulant
Authors: Handa Rahul , Nanda Satyan , Prasad Atul , Anand Rajiv , Mehndiratta Man Mohan , Zutshi Dhruv , Kumar Ajay , Sahney Amrish , Singh Jasbir , Dass Sujata K , Bedi Prabhjeet Kaur , Dadwal Vishav Dev Singh , Pahuja Aarti , Shah Pankaj Kumar , Sharma Bipan , Malhotra Nalin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disorder of gastrointestinal tract characterised by chronic inflammation with episodes of relapses and remission. Neurological complications are not as rare as once thought, with occurrence of ischemic stroke in patients with UC ranging from 1.2–6.4%. Although, an association of ulcerative colitis and stroke has been reported in various studies, pathogenesis and factors underlying this association are still not clear. Further, no specific treatment guidelines are available for ischemic stroke occurring in subjects with ulcerative colitis. As majority of patients of ulcerative colitis are seen by gastroenterologist, it is very important for them to be aware of this extra-intestinal complication as early diagnosis and correct treatment can reduce the high morbidity associated with stroke. We herein report a case of Acute ischemic stroke secondary to ulcerative colitis successfully managed with Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC). This case signifies the importance to have high index of suspicion among neurologists, especially in patients of young ischemic stroke with history of bleeding in stools or evidence of iron deficiency anaemia with no apparent cause, as treatment of the primary disease can significantly reduce the chances of recurrent stroke. Successful management of ischemic stroke complicating ulcerative colitis with Dabigatran indicates the safety of DOACs in patients of UC although, a randomised controlled trial is required before the use of DOACs in patients of UC with acute ischemic stroke can be approved.
Stab Wound with a Missed Broken Blade near Thoracic Vertebrae
Authors: sadeghNejad Amin , Seif Ehsan , mousavi shaghayegh , ahmadinejad mojtaba 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The authors report a case of a 19-year-old man who was stabbed in the thoracic area and the blade of knife was broken deep inside near the spine. The blade was surgically removed without any serious damage to the spinal cord, main vessels, and organs and the patient had no problems after surgery.
The Intraseasonal Fluctuation of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall and its Relation with Monsoon Intraseasonal Oscillation (MISO) and Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO)
Authors: Dey Avijit , Chattopadhyay R. , Joseph S. , Kaur M. , Mandal R. , Phani R. , Sahai A. K. , Pattanaik D. R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The intra-seasonal fluctuations of Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) are mainly controlled by northward propagating Monsoon Intra-seasonal Oscillation (MISO) and eastward propagating Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO). In the current study, we examine the relationship between the intra-seasonal fluctuations (active and break spells) of ISMR with the phase propagation and amplitude of MISO and MJO. We notice that active spells generally occur during MISO phase 2–5 (MJO phase 3–6), and break spells mainly occur during MISO phase 6–8 (MJO phase 6–8 and 1). The association of active/break spells with MISO phases is more prominent than with MJO phases. We show the phase composite of unfiltered and regression based reconstructed rainfall for eight MISO and MJO phases, and the same is consistent with the earlier findings. We notice that the reconstructed field shows a systematic and well-organised northward propagation compared to the unfiltered field. Phase composite also indicates that there is a lead-lag relationship between MISO and MJO phases. MISO phase composite shows more robust northward propagation than the MJO phase composite. MISO reconstructed rainfall explained more percentage variance than MJO reconstructed rainfall with reference to 20–90 days filtered rainfall. It is found that long active (> 7 days) predominantly occurs when either MISO or MJO, or both of them are active, and the associated signal is somewhere in between phase 2–5. A long break occurs when either one or both of them are feeble, or even though associated signals are strong, they are primarily located in phases 1, 6, 7 and 8.
Spectral Estimation of Site Characteristics of an Earth Quake Prone Region
Authors: Seshunarayana T. , Sundararajan N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The site amplification characteristic is an important part of evaluation of seismic hazard since much of the damage caused by earthquakes may be attributed directly to the ground shaking. Identifying ahead of time such areas which are prone to amplified ground shaking due to earthquake could greatly aid seismic hazard evaluation as well as improved hazard mitigation effects. It is also a well known fact that in most cases site amplification/ shaking is stronger in low shear wave velocity areas. The objective of the present study is to estimate site characteristics of as many as 116 sites in an area of approximately 35 sq.km comprising various geological units including soft alluvial deposits which not only tend to amplify certain frequencies of ground motion but also extend the duration of earth quake that may cause further damage. The basic idea of this study is to decipher the natural ground response during quite period as well as triggered response by spectral analysis. The methodology adopted for the study is modified micro tremor which is based on ambient noise as well as triggered response. Further, the spectral ratio of H/V of ambient noise and triggered data by Nakamura method with short duration data were also estimated. In addition, based on some empirical relations, the site response frequency and amplification were also computed using the shear wave velocity obtained up to a depth of 30 m (VS30) by the method of multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) and depth to bed rock estimated through refraction seismic studies. The results of the study has shown that a simple comparison of spectra of quiet time data and triggered time data revealed that in alluvial soils with thick overburden, the signal amplification is more at low frequency (< 10 Hz), whereas in thin overburden the amplification was found to be low at low frequencies. The salient features of the study with merits are presented herein.
The Cost of Community Outreach HIV Interventions in Thailand: A Cohort Study
Authors: Soe Kyaw Min , Hauck Katharina , Jiamton Sukhum , Kongsin Sukhontha 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Despite having an estimation of 440000 people living with HIV in 2018, the HIV epidemic in Thailand has become mature and new cases reported have been rapidly declining thanks to its successful prevention programs and scaling up of anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Thailand aimed to achieve its commitment to end the HIV epidemic by 2030 and implemented a cascade of HIV interventions through Reach-Recruit-Test-Treat-Retain (RRTTR) program.
Methods

This study focused on community-based HIV interventions implemented by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) under RRTTR program in the provinces highly affected by HIV epidemic. We calculated unit cost per person reached for HIV interventions tailored for key-affected populations (KAPs) including men who have sex with men/ transgender (MSM/TG), male sex worker (MSW), female sex worker (FSW), people who inject drug (PWID) and migrant (MW). We studied program outputs, costs, and unit costs in variations across different HIV interventions and geographic locations in Thailand. We used these estimates to evaluate the economies of scale and scope of implementing community-based HIV interventions.
Results

We analysed a total of 38 community-based HIV interventions in 27 provinces. The average unit cost for a person to received HIV services was 29.7 USD for MSM/TG program, 33.1 USD for MW program, 31.9 USD for FSW program, 36.3 USD for MSW program and 179.1 USD for PWID program. The lowest unit cost per person reached was 21.6 USD for Migrant in Samut Sakhon province while the highest was 324.5 USD for PWID in Samut Prakan. The scattered plots of unit cost per person with polynomial and linear trend line shows the presence of economies of scales.
Conclusions

This study suggested that community-based HIV interventions led by NGOs in Thailand will only become less costly as they are scaled-up overtime.
Atropine and Ocular Hypotensives in The Control of Myopia.
Authors: Galvis Virgilio , Tello Alejandro , Larrea Jaime , Rodríguez Carlos J. , Serrano Sergio E. , Villamizar Sylvia J. , Rueda Nelson F. , Rey Juan José , Camacho Paul A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose

To describe the results of topical atropine 1% weekly combined with a fixed combination of ocular hypotensives (dorzolamide + timolol), versus ocular hypotensives alone, in children and adolescents.
Methods

A retrospective review of medical records of myopic children and adolescents from September 2003 to June of 2019. The unit of analysis of the data was the change in the magnitude of myopia in a given eye between two consecutive visits (CMCV) and were divided in three groups: “non-adherent”, “hypotensive” and “atropine”, and classified according to the magnitude of myopia progression.
Results

There were statistically significant differences in the percentages of the CMVC analysis units included in the “completely controlled myopia” classification (higher for the “Atropine” group) and in the “moderate progression” and “severe progression” classifications (lower for the “Atropine” group). Mean progression rate of the CMCV analysis units included in the “atropine” group was significantly lower (-0.13 ± 0.41 Diopters/year) than in the “hypotensives” group (-0.41 ± 0.54 Diopters/year), and in the “non-adherent” group (-0.59 ± 0.57 Diopters/year).
Conclusions

In a group of myopic children and adolescents in Colombia during the periods of time in which they received 1% atropine, one drop weekly, in combination with dorzolamide + timolol, every 12 hours, showed better control of the progression of myopia, than in the time periods in which they received only ocular hypotensives or were not adherent to pharmacological treatment. Further research is warranted.
Extreme Weather Events and Its Impacts on Rice Production in Coastal Odisha Region of India
Authors: Vijayakumar S , Nayak A.K. , Manikandan N. , Pattanaik Suchismita , Tripathi Rahul , Swain C K 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The study investigates trend in extreme daily precipitation and temperature over coastal Odisha, India. 18 weather indices (8 related to temperature and 10 related to rainfall) were calculated using RClimDex software package for the period 1980–2010 . Trend analysis was carried out using linear regression and non-parametric Mann-Kendall test to find out the statistical significance of various indices. Results indicated, a strong and significant trend in temperature indices while the weak and non-significant trend in precipitation indices. The positive trend in Tmax mean, Tmin mean, TN90p (warm nights), TX90p (warm days), diurnal temperature range (DTR), warm spell duration indicator (WSDI), consecutive dry days (CDD) indicates increasing the frequency of warming events in coastal Odisha. Similarly, positive trend in highest maximum 1-day precipitation (RX1), highest maximum 2 consecutive day precipitation (RX2), highest maximum 3 consecutive day precipitation (RX3), highest maximum 5 consecutive day precipitation (RX5), number of heavy precipitation days (≥64.5mm), number of very heavy precipitation days (≥124.5mm) and negative trend in the number of rainy days (R2.5mm), consecutive wet days (CWD) indicate changes toward the more intense and poor distribution of precipitation in coastal Odisha. The combined effect of precipitation and temperature extreme events showed negative effects on rice grain yield. With the increasing number of extreme events there was sharp decline in rice grain yield was observed in the same year in all the coastal districts. This study emphasizes the need for new technology/management practice to minimize the impacts of extreme weather events on rice yield.