bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppressing surface segregation by introducing lanthanides to enhance high-temperature oxygen evolution reaction activity and durability
Authors: Li Jingwei , Wu Zichao , Shen Yuxiang , Song Yuefeng , Lv Houfu , Zhang Xiaomin , Wang Guoxiong 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ
(BSCF) is a conventional anode material for solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) to catalyze oxygen evolution reactions (OERs). However, the inferior chemical stability of BSCF results in severe surface segregation and performance degradation under high temperatures. A critical challenge lies in alleviating surface segregation and preserving the high OER performance of BSCF anodes. Herein, lanthanides are introduced to substitute the Ba in BSCF, labeled as Ln0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ
(LnSCF, Ln = La, Pr, Nd, Sm), to regulate its stability and performance. The introduction of La and Pr effectively enhances stability, suppresses surface segregation and maintains high OER activity. Continuous lattice oxygen loss and Co ion oxidation of LnSCF are demonstrated upon annealing in oxidizing atmosphere; thus, we propose that surface segregation is a self-regulation mechanism of perovskite lattice to tolerant oxidizing atmosphere. Perovskite oxides maintain structurally stable via decreasing A-site valence state and forming surface segregation. SOECs with La0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3−δ
anodes deliver an optimal current density of 1.69 A cm−2 at 1.6 V and stability for CO2 electrolysis at 800 °C, shedding light on designing advanced catalysts for high-temperature OER.
Optimizing concrete mix proportions with zeolite, GGBS, and CDW: a data-driven approach integrating experimental analysis and machine learning models
Authors: Anand Pradyut , Singh Surya Dev , Bhowmik Priyam Nath , Kontoni Denise-Penelope N 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The depletion of natural sand resources and the environmental impact of cement production necessitate sustainable alternatives in concrete manufacturing. This study evaluates the potential of zeolite, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and construction and demolition waste (CDW) as partial replacements for sand in concrete mix proportions. Experimental investigations revealed that the optimal mix proportion, identified as Mix Batch M4 (60% Sand, 20% Zeolite, 10% GGBS, and 10% CDW), achieved a compressive strength (CS) of 67.37 MPa, flexural strength (FS) of 6.80 MPa, split tensile strength (ST) of 5.61 MPa, and notable reductions in water absorption (WA) to 4.00% and drying shrinkage (DS) to 4.02%. Additionally, durability improvements included a 30% reduction in rapid chloride permeability and enhanced ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and rebound hammer (RH) values. Advanced machine learning models were utilized to analyze and optimize the mix designs, integrating the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) with models such as Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest Regression (RFR), Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR), and LightGBM. The XGB model demonstrated the highest predictive accuracy with an R2 of 1.000. Multi-objective optimization techniques, including Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO), and Genetic Algorithm with Fuzzy models, were employed to refine mix proportions further, balancing mechanical properties, material sustainability, and environmental benefits. This study highlights significant reductions in natural sand consumption and waste generation while enhancing concrete performance. Practical implications include reduced environmental impact, improved resource efficiency, and the promotion of circular economy principles. These findings provide a pathway toward innovative and sustainable concrete solutions, aligning with global sustainability goals in the construction industry.
Impact of prescribing vancomycin capsules vs liquid at discharge on readmissions for C. difficile infection
Authors: Reise Rachel , Usmani Silken A , Morris Earl J , Ndai Asinamai M , Dewar Marvin A , Vouri Scott Martin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a hospital-acquired infection commonly treated with oral vancomycin. An institutional policy aimed at reducing costs by substituting compounded liquid vancomycin for capsules may have the unintended consequence of having the liquid formulation prescribed at discharge, potentially delaying patients’ access due to a lack of availability in pharmacies or lack of insurance coverage. This study aimed to evaluate hospital readmission rates of patients prescribed either vancomycin capsules or liquid upon discharge.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at an academic hospital using electronic health records data over a 6-year timeframe. The primary outcomes were all-cause and CDI-specific readmission rates within 30 days of discharge, and secondary outcomes included readmission rates within 60 and 90 days. Baseline characteristics were compared using chi-square or Mann-Whitney U tests. The hazard ratio (HR) for readmission was calculated using a Cox proportional hazards model, and readmission rates were analyzed using a Poisson regression model. All readmissions were confirmed by chart review.

Results
A total of 440 patients (61.3% female; median age, 58 years) were included; of these, 68% (n = 298) were prescribed vancomycin liquid and 32% (n = 142) a capsule form. Baseline characteristics were similar in the 2 groups, with the exception of the presence of inflammatory bowel disease (19.0% vs 6.4%, P &lt; 0.0001) and median length of stay (6 days vs 8 days, P = 0.010). Patients prescribed vancomycin liquid were not more likely to be readmitted within 30 days relative to those prescribed capsule, with an adjusted HR for all-cause readmission of 1.58 (95% CI, 0.92-2.73) and an adjusted HR for CDI-specific readmission of 2.21 (95% CI, 0.72-6.76). However, patients prescribed liquid were more likely to be readmitted within 60 days, with an adjusted HR for all-cause readmission of 1.87 (95% CI, 1.19-2.94) and an adjusted HR for CDI-specific readmission of 2.84 (95% CI, 1.14-7.06).

Conclusion
A hospital pharmacy practice implemented to reduce medication costs may impact vancomycin prescribing at discharge and, in turn, may negatively impact readmission rates for patients with CDI treated with oral vancomycin.
English writing with Disney animation: a critical perspective
Authors: Lee Ja Yeon , Lee Mun Woo 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study explores the implementation of critical literacy in Korean EFL classrooms using Disney animations to enhance English writing skills and critical thinking among middle school students. Ten third-grade middle school students participated in this study, undergoing a series of writing activities designed to develop their critical thinking and writing skills over eight weeks. The findings revealed significant improvements in the participants’ confidence, sentence production, content organisation, and critical thinking abilities. The study highlights the effectiveness of using Disney animations as authentic texts to facilitate critical writing practices, demonstrating that critical literacy can be integrated into EFL education without compromising language learning. This study contributes to the broader discussion on educational innovation in EFL contexts, advocating the thoughtful integration of critical pedagogy and authentic texts in language education.
Exercise type and settings, quality of life, and mental health in coronary artery disease: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Toval Angel , Bakker Esmée A , Granada-Maia Joao Bruno , Núñez de Arenas-Arroyo Sergio , Solis-Urra Patricio , Eijsvogels Thijs M H , Esteban-Cornejo Irene , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente , Ortega Francisco B 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background and Aims
Individuals with coronary artery disease have poorer mental health, health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), and cognition compared with (age-matched) controls. Exercise training may attenuate these effects. The aim is to systematically review and meta-analyse the effects of different exercise types and settings on brain structure/function, cognition, HR-QoL, mental health (e.g. depression, anxiety), and sleep in patients with coronary artery disease.

Methods
A systematic search was conducted and a network meta-analysis compared (i) exercise types, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), HIIT + resistance (HIIT + R), moderate-intensity training (MIT), MIT + R and stretching-toning-balance training, and (ii) exercise settings, in-person and home-based.

Results
A total of 42 randomized controlled trials with a parallel group design were identified, of which 36 were included in the meta-analysis. Few studies included cognition (n = 2), sleep (n = 2), and none brain structure/function (n = 0). Most studies examined HR-QoL (n = 30), depression (n = 15), and anxiety (n = 9), in which outcomes were meta-analysed. HIIT + R, HIIT, and MIT were associated with improved HR-QoL vs. no exercise (i.e. usual care) [standardized mean difference, SMD: 1.53 (95% confidence interval 0.83; 2.24), 0.44 (0.15; 0.73), and 0.44 (0.20; 0.67), respectively]. In-person exercise was associated with larger and significant improvements [HR-QoL SMD: 0.51 (0.28; 0.74), depressive SMD: −0.55 (−1.03; −0.07), and anxiety symptoms SMD: −1.16 (−2.05; −0.26)] compared with no exercise, whereas home-based programmes were not significantly associated with improvements in these outcomes. Findings were robust in secondary (i.e. intervention duration and volume) and sensitivity analyses excluding high risk of bias studies.

Conclusions
Exercise training, especially in-person sessions, was associated with improved HR-QoL, depression and anxiety, independently of exercise type. However, this study raises concern about the effectiveness of home-based programmes in improving these outcomes.
Study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42023402569).
Partial replacement of the tricuspid valve using cryopreserved tricuspid homograft: 20-year outcomes
Authors: Raza Samad , Shrestha Bishwo , Doig Fiona , Pohlner Peter , Jalali Homayoun , Naidoo Rishendran 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
There is limited consensus on the optimal strategy for surgical treatment of severe tricuspid valve pathology. At our institution, we have implemented a unique technique of using a tricuspid homograft with its supporting apparatus for partial replacement of the native tricuspid valve. We now present the long-term outcomes of these patients.

METHODS
We analysed a cohort of patients who underwent partial tricuspid valve replacement using tricuspid homograft. Yearly clinical and echocardiographic follow-up was performed. Fine–Gray methods were used to estimate freedom from death and reoperation and reverse Kaplan–Meier methods were used to calculate follow-up.

RESULTS
Fourteen patients were included (age range 15 days to 73 years). Indications included congenital anomalies (n = 9, 64%) and infective endocarditis (n = 5, 36%). The median follow-up was 17 years (95% confidence interval (CI) 10–21 years). Two patients (14%) died due to causes unrelated to the primary tricuspid valve surgery, and three (21%) underwent redo tricuspid valve operations. In the remaining cohort, seven (50%) were asymptomatic and two (14%) reported class II dyspnoea, while none had severe tricuspid regurgitation on echocardiogram. Estimated freedom from death was 93% at 10 years and 83% at 15 and 20 years, while estimated freedom from reoperation was 77% at 10, 15 and 20 years.

CONCLUSIONS
Partial replacement of the tricuspid valve using tricuspid homograft tissue effectively restores the anatomical conformity of the native tricuspid valve and has durable long-term survival and freedom from severe tricuspid regurgitation in patients with congenital anomalies and infective endocarditis.
Efficacy and safety of posaconazole and liposomal amphotericin B use for prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections in a paediatric and young adult haemato-oncological population
Authors: Chiusaroli Lorenzo , Barbieri Elisa , Dell’Anna Lucia , Petris Maria Grazia , Liberati Cecilia , Reggiani Giulia , De Pieri Marica , Mengato Daniele , Marzollo Antonio , Gabelli Maria , Giaquinto Carlo , Biffi Alessandra , Donà Daniele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
The prevention of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) is crucial for paediatric haemato-oncological patients. This study evaluates the clinical efficacy and side-effects of posaconazole and liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) as primary prophylaxis.

Materials and methods
This cohort study included patients aged 3 months to 21 years who received posaconazole or L-AmB (5 mg/kg twice weekly) as prophylaxis from January 2017 to March 2022 at the Hemato-oncological Pediatric Unit, University Hospital of Padua, Italy. Outcomes included adverse events and IFI diagnoses after the start of prophylaxis. Separate analyses were performed for patients with ALL and non-ALL diagnoses, and high-risk and low-risk groups. Cumulative incidence was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier estimator, with significant differences assessed using the log-rank test. Hazard ratios (HR) were estimated using Cox regression.

Results
Fifty-one patients received posaconazole, and 37 received L-AmB. Adverse events occurred in 26% of L-AmB patients and 5.6% of posaconazole patients. IFI breakthrough events were similar in both groups (four events each). In ALL patients, 41% experienced adverse events with L-AmB, compared to 5% with posaconazole. After 1 year, the probability of adverse events was lower in the posaconazole group (54% versus 65%, P &lt; 0.001). Overall, posaconazole was associated with a 91% lower risk of adverse events (HR: 0.07, P &lt; 0.001). Among high-risk patients, IFI breakthrough rates were similar between groups (P = 0.964).

Conclusions
Posaconazole was associated with fewer adverse events than L-AmB, and both drugs showed similar efficacy in preventing IFI breakthroughs, making posaconazole a viable alternative for primary prophylaxis.
Timing of depression in relation to risk of ovarian cancer
Authors: Roberts Andrea L , Townsend Mary K , Chibnik Lori B , Kubzansky Laura D , Tworoger Shelley S 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Several studies have suggested that depression may be associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer. Less is known about whether timing matters regarding when depression occurs. To provide evidence for an etiologically relevant exposure period, we examined depression occurring during the time in which precursor lesions develop and progress to invasive carcinoma with the risk of developing ovarian cancer.

Methods
Using data from 2 prospective cohorts (1992-2015), we divided follow-up into consecutive 2-year periods for analytic purposes, referred to as “cancer ascertainment periods.” We estimated associations of depression in the 10 years before each cancer ascertainment period with incident cancer, using Cox proportional hazards models. Next, we estimated associations of depression occurring up to 18 years before each ascertainment period, in 2-year increments, with incident cancer. We adjusted for demographic, health, and behavioral factors. All tests of statistical significance were two-sided, with a P-value threshold of less than .05.

Results
Depression occurring in the 10 prior years was associated with 30% greater risk of cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval = 1.15 to 1.46). Associations were similar in fully adjusted models (HR = 1.27). Depression occurring in the 14 years before ascertainment was associated with elevated risk, although only estimates for depression 0-2, 6-8, and 8-10 years before ascertainment reached statistical significance (HR range = 1.20-1.36).

Conclusion
Depression occurring up to 14 years before cancer ascertainment was associated with greater cancer risk. This is the time of precursor progression to invasive ovarian carcinoma, suggesting depression may be an ovarian cancer-promoting agent.
ICAM-1 and IL-10 are associated with cognitive dysfunction using the MoCA test in glioma: findings from the NCI Neuro-Oncology Branch Natural History Study
Authors: Slattery Kaitlynn , Kauss McKenzie C , Raval Dhaivat , Hsieh Emory , Choi Ann , Davis Tara S , Robins Kimberly R , Miller Hope , Vera Elizabeth , Wright Michelle L , Penas-Prado Marta , Gilbert Mark R , Mendoza Tito , Armstrong Terri S , Guedes Vivian A 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Cognitive dysfunction is common among patients with malignant glioma, yet the underlying mechanisms of this dysfunction remain unclear. Protein markers of neurodegeneration, inflammation, and vascular damage have been associated with central nervous system pathology and with cognitive changes in neurological diseases, but their clinical utility in gliomas is unknown. This study examined the relationships between cognitive dysfunction, tumor isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status in gliomas, and a panel of blood-based protein biomarkers.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study included 73 glioma patients with either IDH-mutant (n=45) or IDH-wildtype tumors (n=28) enrolled in a natural history study. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA, scores &lt; 26 indicated cognitive dysfunction). Serum levels of 17 proteins were measured using ultrasensitive assays.

Results
Cognitive dysfunction was present in 53% of participants (n=39), and more frequently in the IDH-wildtype group (75%) than in the IDH-mutant group (40%). Patients with wildtype tumors had higher levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) than patients with IDH-mutant tumors, which remained in multivariate analysis. ICAM-1 and IL-10 were higher in patients with cognitive dysfunction compared to those with normal cognition, even after adjusting for tumor IDH-mutation status, age, tumor grade, and surgery history.

Conclusions
Cognitive dysfunction was associated with protein markers linked to vascular damage and inflammation regardless of tumor IDH status. Our findings suggest an association of cognitive dysfunction with heightened systemic inflammatory status that requires further interrogation for role in pathophysiologic mechanisms.
A psychometric approach to decision-making thresholds across legal and societal domains
Authors: Hartsough Lauren , Ginther Matthew , Cheng Edward K , Marois René 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
What constitutes enough evidence to make a decision? While this is an important question across multiple domains, it takes on special importance in the US legal system, where jurors and judges are instructed to apply specific burdens of proof to render life-changing decisions. Civil trials use a preponderance of evidence (PoE) threshold to establish liability, while criminal trials require proof beyond a reasonable doubt (BaRD) to convict. It is still unclear, however, how laypeople interpret and apply these decision thresholds and how these standards compare to people’s intuitive belief (IB) of what constitutes enough evidence. Further, the extent to which their correct interpretation is context-dependent is currently unknown: are they unique to the legal context, or do they generalize to other contexts (e.g. medical, scientific, and perceptual) that also critically rely on decision thresholds? To compare burdens of proof across contexts requires a common parameter space. Here, we applied quantitative, psychometric analyses developed in psychophysics to compare decision thresholds across legal, nonlegal, and perceptual domains. We found a consistent pattern across domains in which BaRD was interpreted more stringently than PoE but, surprisingly, with PoE being more stringent than people’s IB. Decision thresholds were higher for legal contexts even when the costs of decision outcomes were equated. These results highlight how decisions are rendered inherently more stringently in the legal domain and suggest that laypeople’s IB are more lenient than either legal standard. These findings also illustrate the power of applying psychometrics to elucidate complex decision processes.
pH-responsive hydrogel with dual-crosslinked network of polyvinyl alcohol/boric acid for controlled release of salvianolic acid B: novel pro-regenerative mechanisms in scar inhibition and wound healing
Authors: Song Wei , Zhang Chao , Li Zhao , Li Kejia , Kong Yi , Du Jinpeng , Kong Yue , Guo Xu , Ju Xiaoyan , Zhu Meng , Tian Ye , Huang Sha , Niu Zhongwei 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study investigates a novel pH-responsive hydrogel composed of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and boric acid (BA) designed for the controlled release of salvianolic acid B (SAB), addressing the critical challenge of scar formation and skin regeneration. The dual-crosslinked network architecture of the hydrogel exhibits remarkable pH sensitivity, enabling it to achieve a peak SAB release within 48 hours in the acidic microenvironment characteristic of early-stage wound healing. In vitro assessments demonstrated that the PVA-BA-SAB hydrogel significantly inhibits fibroblast activation and mitigates abnormal collagen deposition, effectively preventing excessive scar formation. Transcriptome sequencing reveals the potential role of PVA-BA-SAB hydrogel in balancing TGF-β and Wnt signaling pathways. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed enhanced tissue regeneration, characterized by improved collagen organization and increased vascularization, as well as the promotion of mature hair follicle development. The hydrogel’s biocompatibility, mechanical robustness and adhesive properties were also thoroughly evaluated, confirming its suitability for clinical applications. These findings suggest that the PVA-BA-SAB hydrogel fully exerts the excellent characteristics of biomaterials and maximizes the pharmacological effect of SAB. Our innovative drug delivery system not only facilitates enhanced wound healing but also offers a strategic approach to minimize scarring. This research provides valuable insights into innovative therapeutic strategies for effective wound management and tissue repair.