bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maternal caregiving ameliorates the consequences of prenatal maternal psychological distress on child development
Authors: Grande Leah A. , Swales Danielle A. , Sandman Curt A. , Glynn Laura M. , Davis Elysia Poggi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChildren exposed to prenatal maternal psychological distress are at elevated risk for a range of adverse outcomes; however, it remains poorly understood whether postnatal influences can ameliorate impairments related to prenatal distress. The current study evaluated if sensitivematernal care during the first postnatal year could mitigate child cognitive and emotional impairments associated with prenatal psychological distress. Prenatal maternal psychological distress was assessed via self-reports of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress for 136 mothers at five prenatal and four postpartum time points. Quality of maternal care (sensitivity to nondistress, positive regard, and intrusiveness reverse-scored) were assessed during a mother–child play interaction at 6 and 12 months. Child cognitive function and negative emotionality were assessed at 2 years, using The Bayley Scales and the Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire. Elevated prenatal distress was associated with poorer child cognitive function and elevated negative emotionality. Children exposed to elevated prenatal maternal distress did not, however, display these outcomes if they received high-quality caregiving. Specifically, maternal care moderated the relation between prenatal psychological distress and child cognitive function and negative emotionality. This association remained after consideration of postnatal maternal psychological distress and relevant covariates. Sensitive maternal care was associated with altered offspring developmental trajectories, supporting child resilience following prenatal distress exposure.
Modulating oxidative stress and epigenetic homeostasis in preimplantation IVF embryos
Authors: Menezo Yves , Clement Patrice , Dale Brian , Elder Kay 
Published: July 2021

SummaryAssisted reproductive technology is today considered a safe and reliable medical intervention, with healthy live births a reality for many IVF and ICSI treatment cycles. However, there are increasing numbers of published reports describing epigenetic/imprinting anomalies in children born as a result of these procedures. These anomalies have been attributed to methylation errors in embryo chromatin remodelling during in vitro culture. Here we re-visit three concepts: (1) the so-called ‘in vitro toxicity’ of ‘essential amino acids’ before the maternal to zygotic transition period; (2) the effect of hyperstimulation (controlled ovarian hyperstimulation) on homocysteine in the oocyte environment and the effect on methylation in the absence of essential amino acids; and (3) the fact/postulate that during the early stages of development the embryo undergoes a ‘global’ demethylation. Methylation processes require efficient protection against oxidative stress, which jeopardizes the correct acquisition of methylation marks as well as subsequent methylation maintenance. The universal precursor of methylation [by S-adenosyl methionine (SAM)], methionine, ‘an essential amino acid’, should be present in the culture. Polyamines, regulators of methylation, require SAM and arginine for their syntheses. Cystine, another ‘semi-essential amino acid’, is the precursor of the universal protective antioxidant molecule: glutathione. It protects methylation marks against some undue DNA demethylation processes through ten-eleven translocation (TET), after formation of hydroxymethyl cytosine. Early embryos are unable to convert homocysteine to cysteine as the cystathionine β-synthase pathway is not active. In this way, cysteine is a ‘real essential amino acid’. Most IVF culture medium do not maintain methylation/epigenetic processes, even in mouse assays. Essential amino acids should be present in human IVF medium to maintain adequate epigenetic marking in preimplantation embryos. Furthermore, morphological and morphometric data need to be re-evaluated, taking into account the basic biochemical processes involved in early life.
Mental pain as a global person-centered outcome measure
Authors: Cosci Fiammetta , Mansueto Giovanni , Benemei Silvia , Chiarugi Alberto , De Cesaris Francesco , Sensky Tom 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMental pain has been proposed as a global person-centered outcome measure. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to test an essential requisite of such a measure, namely that mental pain incorporates independent contributions from a range of discrete but disparate outcome measures.MethodsTwo hundred migraine patients were assessed concerning migraine disability, psychosomatic syndromes, mental pain, depression, anxiety, and psychosocial dimensions. General linear models were tested to verify which measures would individually make unique contributions to overall mental pain.ResultsThe final model, accounting for 44% of variance, identified that higher mental pain was associated with more severe depressive symptoms, higher migraine disability, lower well-being, and poorer quality of life.ConclusionIn this sample, mental pain was shown to behave as expected of a global outcome measure, since multiple measures of symptomatology and quality of life showed modest but significant bivariate correlations with mental pain and some of these measures individually made unique contributions to overall mental pain.
Binge Drinking Relates to Worse Neurocognitive Functioning Among Adults Aging with HIV
Authors: Paolillo Emily W. , Saloner Rowan , Kohli Maulika , Watson C. Wei-Ming , Moore Raeanne C. , Heaton Robert K. , Moore David J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:Given the aging population of people with HIV (PWH), along with increasing rates of binge drinking among both PWH and the general older adult population, this study examined the independent and interactive effects of HIV, binge drinking, and age on neurocognition.Method:Participants were 146 drinkers stratified by HIV and binge drinking status (i.e., ≥4 drinks for women and ≥5 drinks for men within approximately 2 h): HIV+/Binge+ (n = 30), HIV−/Binge+ (n = 23), HIV+/Binge− (n = 55), HIV−/Binge− (n = 38). All participants completed a comprehensive neuropsychological battery measuring demographically-corrected global and domain-specific neurocognitive T scores. ANCOVA models examined independent and interactive effects of HIV and binge drinking on neurocognitive outcomes, adjusting for overall alcohol consumption, lifetime substance use, sex, and age. Subsequent multiple linear regressions examined whether HIV/Binge group moderated the relationship between age and neurocognition.Results:HIV+/Binge+ participants had worse global neurocognition, processing speed, delayed recall, and working memory than HIV−/Binge− participants (p’s < .05). While there were significant main effects of HIV and binge drinking, their interaction did not predict any of those neurocognitive outcomes (p’s > .05). Significant interactions between age and HIV/Binge group showed that HIV+/Binge+ participants demonstrated steeper negative relationships between age and neurocognitive outcomes of learning, delayed recall, and motor skills compared to HIV−/Binge− participants (p’s < .05).Conclusions:Results showed adverse additive effects of HIV and binge drinking on neurocognitive functioning, with older adults demonstrating the most vulnerability to these effects. Findings support the need for interventions to reduce binge drinking, especially among older PWH.
Analysis of the policy process for the implementation of nutritional warning labels in Uruguay
Authors: Ares Gastón , Antúnez Lucía , Cabrera Magela , Thow Anne Marie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjective:To analyse the process for the development and implementation of mandatory nutritional warning labels in Uruguay, in order to inform future nutrition policy making and strategic engagement by public health actors.Design:The study design drew on policy analysis methodology and case study research methodology. Two main sources of information were selected and analysed for the current study: eighteen official documents from the Uruguayan government and 259 news reports, published between June 2017 and February 2021.Setting:Uruguay, Latin America.Results:The Uruguayan Ministry of Public Health led a cross-sectoral working group composed of diverse governmental stakeholders, international organisations and the academia to develop the front-of-package nutrition labelling policy. A robust evidence-based approach, based on rigorous scientific knowledge generated in the country, was followed. However, changes in the systemic governing coalition as a consequence of a change in government led to a delay in the entry into force and changes in the regulation. The food industry was the main opponent to the warning label regulation and relied on widely reported corporate political activities to influence the policy process: information and messaging, legal action, policy substitution, opposition, fragmentation and destabilisation.Conclusions:Key insights to inform future policy action in Uruguay and other jurisdictions were derived. Results stressed the importance of an evidence-based approach for policy design and the early engagement with actors from all the political system.
Evaluating Dam Water Release Strategies for Migrating Adult Salmon Using Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling and Biotelemetry
Authors: Li Pengcheng , Zhang Wenming , Burnett Nicholas J. , Zhu David Z. , Casselman Matthew , Hinch Scott G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHydrodynamics in dam tailraces can influence the swimming behavior and survival of fish, and yet there have been few studies that have linked the movement patterns of fish to encountered flow patterns. In this study, we examined the flow field downstream of Seton Dam in British Columbia, Canada using acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs), and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modeling of two dam water release scenarios to understand their impacts on the swim speed and behavior of upriver‐migrating adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Forty‐five sockeye salmon were tagged with acoustic transmitters and tracked to understand their movement patterns, swim speed, residence time in the dam tailrace, and postdam passage survival. The water release scenarios produced contrasting tailrace hydrodynamics and altered the behavior of migrating sockeye salmon. Tagged fish avoided areas of high velocity (>2.4 m/s or four body lengths/s, twice their critical swim speed), high Reynolds shear stress (>21 Pa), and high turbulence kinetic energy (>0.12 m2 s−2) in the dam tailrace. Excessive use of anaerobic metabolism, together with high water shear stress adjacent to and downstream of the fishway entrance, were thought to be the main cause for low postdam passage survival of sockeye salmon. Additional dam water release strategies were assessed with the CFD model to target releases that improve the migration conditions for sockeye salmon. Our study highlights the importance of pairing hydraulic and ecological information to better understand and improve the migration conditions for wild fish.
Onshore Thermokarst Primes Subsea Permafrost Degradation
Authors: Angelopoulos Michael , Overduin Pier P. , Jenrich Maren , Nitze Ingmar , Günther Frank , Strauss Jens , Westermann Sebastian , Schirrmeister Lutz , Kholodov Alexander , Krautblatter Michael , Grigoriev Mikhail N. , Grosse Guido 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe response of permafrost to marine submergence can vary between ice‐rich late Pleistocene deposits and the thermokarst basins that thawed out during the Holocene. We hypothesize that inundated Alases offshore thaw faster than submerged Yedoma. To test this hypothesis, we estimated depths to the top of ice‐bearing permafrost offshore of the Bykovsky Peninsula in northeastern Siberia using electrical resistivity surveys. The surveys traversed submerged lagoon deposits, drained and refrozen Alas deposits, and undisturbed Yedoma from the coastline to 373 m offshore. While the permafrost degradation rates of the submerged Yedoma were in the range of similar sites, the submerged Alas permafrost degradation rates were up to 170 faster. Remote sensing analyses suggest that 54 of lagoons wider than 500 m along northeast Siberian and northwest American coasts originated in thermokarst basins. Given the abundance of thermokarst basins and lakes along parts of the Arctic coastline, their effect on subsea permafrost degradation must be similarly prevalent.
A Strain‐Model Based InSAR Time Series Method and Its Application to The Geysers Geothermal Field, California
Authors: Liu Jihong , Hu Jun , Bürgmann Roland , Li Zhiwei , Sun Qian , Ma Zhangfeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new time series interferometric synthetic aperture radar method is presented based on a strain model. Traditionally, the interferometric phases are optimized based only on a constant set of statistically homogeneous points throughout the observing period, and thus the decorrelated phase cannot be well recovered and possible incoherent (or coherent) phases are (are not) used to optimize the target phase. In the proposed method, a strain model, representing the geophysical relationship of spatially adjacent points' deformations, is employed to optimize the interferometric phases interferogram‐by‐interferogram. The unwrapped phase time series can be estimated from the wrapped interferograms based on the linear iterative weighted least squares method, which is simple and can effectively suppress the decorrelation noise. Both simulations and analysis of data over The Geysers geothermal field (TG), California are conducted, validating that the proposed method can reduce the decorrelations and simultaneously preserve the deformation signals. The displacement results of TG from 2007–2011 L‐band ascending ALOS‐1 data and 2015–2020 C‐band ascending/descending Sentinel‐1 data reveal that (a) the displacement rate of TG is decreasing from 2007–2011 to 2015–2020, and (b) temporally variable displacement signals in addition to steady displacement can be observed from 2015 to 2020 for both the east‐west and the vertical components.
Transport of Heat by Hydrothermal Circulation in a Young Rift Setting: Observations From the Auka and JaichMaa Ja'ag' Vent Field in the Pescadero Basin, Southern Gulf of California
Authors: Negrete‐Aranda Raquel , Neumann Florian , Contreras Juan , Harris Robert N. , Spelz Ronald M. , Zierenberg Robert , Caress David W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHeat flow measurements collected throughout the Auka and JaichMaa Ja'ag' hydrothermal vent fields in the central graben of the Southern Pescadero Basin, southern Gulf of California, indicate upflow of hydrothermal fluids associated with rifting dissipate heat in excess of 10 W/m2 around faults that have a few kilometers in length. Paradoxically, longer faults do not show signs of venting. Heat flow anomalies slowly decay to background values of ∼2 W/m2 at distances of ∼1 km from these faults following an inverse square‐root distance law. We develop a near‐fault model of heat transport in steady state for the Auka vent field based on the fundamental Green's function solution of the heat equation. The model includes the effects of circulation in fracture networks, and the lateral seepage of geothermal brines to surrounding hemipelagic sediments. We use an optimal fitting method to estimate the reservoir depth, permeability, and circulation rate. Independently derived constraints for the model, indicate the heat source is at a depth of ∼5.7 km; from the model, permeability and flow rates in the fracture system are ∼10−14 m2 and 10−6 m/s, respectively, and ∼10−16 m2 and 10−8 m/s in the basin aquitards, respectively. Model results point to the importance of fault scaling laws in controlling sediment‐hosted vent fields and slow circulation throughout low permeability sediments in controlling the brine's chemistry. Although the fault model seems appropriate and straightforward for the Pescadero vents, it does seem to be the exception to the other known sediment‐hosted vent fields in the Pacific.
Socioeconomic position and body composition in childhood in high- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Bridger Staatz Charis , Kelly Yvonne , Lacey Rebecca E. , Blodgett Joanna M. , George Anitha , Arnot Megan , Walker Emma , Hardy Rebecca 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The relation between socioeconomic position (SEP) and obesity measured by body mass index (BMI), a measure of weight for height, has been extensively reviewed in children, showing consistent associations between disadvantaged SEP and higher BMI in high-income countries (HICs) and lower BMI in middle-income countries (MICs). Fat mass (FM), a more accurate measure of adiposity, and fat-free mass (FFM) are not captured by BMI, but have been shown to track from childhood to adulthood, and be important for cardiovascular health and functional outcomes in later life. It is not clear whether body composition is associated with SEP. We systematically reviewed the association between SEP and body composition in childhood.

Methods
A systematic review was carried out following PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was pre-registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019119937). Original studies in the English language, which examined the association between SEP and body composition in childhood, were included. An electronic search of three databases was conducted. Two independent reviewers carried out screening, data extraction and quality assessment. Due to heterogeneity in results, a narrative synthesis was conducted. Heterogeneity in findings according to SEP, sex, body composition measure and country income level was investigated.

Results
50 papers were included, the majority from HICs. No papers were from low-income countries. Disadvantage in childhood was associated with greater FM and lower FFM in HICs, but with lower FM and lower FFM in MICs. When measures of FFM indexed to height were used there was no evidence of associations with SEP. In HICs, more studies reported associations between disadvantaged SEP and higher FM among girls comparative to boys.

Conclusions
Inequalities in FM are evident in HICs and, in the opposite direction, in MICs and follow similar trends to inequalities for BMI. Inequalities in height are likely important in understanding inequalities in FFM.
Determination of the embedded electronic states at nanoscale interface via surface-sensitive photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Hui-Qiong , Xu Jiayi , Lin Xiaoyuan , Li Yaping , Kang Junyong , Zheng Jin-Cheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe fabrication of small-scale electronics usually involves the integration of different functional materials. The electronic states at the nanoscale interface plays an important role in the device performance and the exotic interface physics. Photoemission spectroscopy is a powerful technique to probe electronic structures of valence band. However, this is a surface-sensitive technique that is usually considered not suitable for the probing of buried interface states, due to the limitation of electron-mean-free path. This article reviews several approaches that have been used to extend the surface-sensitive techniques to investigate the buried interface states, which include hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, resonant soft X-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and thickness-dependent photoemission spectroscopy. Especially, a quantitative modeling method is introduced to extract the buried interface states based on the film thickness-dependent photoemission spectra obtained from an integrated experimental system equipped with in-situ growth and photoemission techniques. This quantitative modeling method shall be helpful to further understand the interfacial electronic states between functional materials and determine the interface layers.
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea possess a wide range of cellular ammonia affinities
Authors: Jung Man-Young , Sedlacek Christopher J , Kits K Dimitri , Mueller Anna J , Rhee Sung-Keun , Hink Linda , Nicol Graeme W , Bayer Barbara , Lehtovirta-Morley Laura , Wright Chloe , de la Torre Jose R , Herbold Craig W , Pjevac Petra , Daims Holger , Wagner Michael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, is an essential process in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. The first step of nitrification, ammonia oxidation, is performed by three, often co-occurring guilds of chemolithoautotrophs: ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), archaea (AOA), and complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox). Substrate kinetics are considered to be a major niche-differentiating factor between these guilds, but few AOA strains have been kinetically characterized. Here, the ammonia oxidation kinetic properties of 12 AOA representing all major cultivated phylogenetic lineages were determined using microrespirometry. Members of the genus Nitrosocosmicus have the lowest affinity for both ammonia and total ammonium of any characterized AOA, and these values are similar to previously determined ammonia and total ammonium affinities of AOB. This contrasts previous assumptions that all AOA possess much higher substrate affinities than their comammox or AOB counterparts. The substrate affinity of ammonia oxidizers correlated with their cell surface area to volume ratios. In addition, kinetic measurements across a range of pH values supports the hypothesis that—like for AOB—ammonia and not ammonium is the substrate for the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme of AOA and comammox. Together, these data will facilitate predictions and interpretation of ammonia oxidizer community structures and provide a robust basis for establishing testable hypotheses on competition between AOB, AOA, and comammox.
Efficacy and tolerability of Janus kinase inhibitors in myelofibrosis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Sureau Léa , Orvain Corentin , Ianotto Jean-Christophe , Ugo Valérie , Kiladjian Jean-Jacques , Luque Paz Damien , Riou Jérémie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMyelofibrosis is a myeloproliferative neoplasm associated with constitutional symptoms, increasing splenomegaly, and worsening cytopenias. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors have been used for the treatment of myelofibrosis for several years, but there is a lack of comparative information between those treatments. A systematic review and network meta-analysis was performed on randomized controlled trials in patients with myelofibrosis receiving JAK inhibitor or placebo or control. Primary outcomes were efficacy on spleen volume reduction and total symptom score reduction. Additional analyses were conducted on anemia and thrombopenia events. Seven studies were included in the network meta-analysis including 1953 patients randomly assigned to four JAK inhibitors—ruxolitinib, fedratinib, pacritinib, momelotinib—or control. In first-line therapy, momelotinib and fedratinib were associated with comparable efficacy to ruxolitinib, and with less toxicity on erythrocytes and platelets, respectively. Pacritinib was less effective on splenomegaly than ruxolitinib as a first-line treatment but seemed effective in second line, after ruxolitinib exposure. Fedratinib and ruxolitinib that are FDA approved in myelofibrosis have both confirmed being valuable option to treat splenomegaly and constitutional symptoms, and their slightly different tolerance-profiles can guide therapeutic choice for first-line treatment, according to patient profile. Momelotinib could be another option especially due to its positive effect on anemia.