bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring human–nature interactions in national parks with social media photographs and computer vision
Authors: Väisänen Tuomas , Heikinheimo Vuokko , Hiippala Tuomo , Toivonen Tuuli 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the activities and preferences of visitors is crucial for managing protected areas and planning conservation strategies. Conservation culturomics promotes the use of user‐generated online content in conservation science. Geotagged social media content is a unique source of in situ information on human presence and activities in nature. Photographs posted on social media platforms are a promising source of information, but analyzing large volumes of photographs manually remains laborious. We examined the application of state‐of‐the‐art computer‐vision methods to studying human–nature interactions. We used semantic clustering, scene classification, and object detection to automatically analyze photographs taken in Finnish national parks by domestic and international visitors. Our results showed that human–nature interactions can be extracted from user‐generated photographs with computer vision. The different methods complemented each other by revealing broad visual themes related to level of the data set, landscape photogeneity, and human activities. Geotagged photographs revealed distinct regional profiles for national parks (e.g., preferences in landscapes and activities), which are potentially useful in park management. Photographic content differed between domestic and international visitors, which indicates differences in activities and preferences. Information extracted automatically from photographs can help identify preferences among diverse visitor groups, which can be used to create profiles of national parks for conservation marketing and to support conservation strategies that rely on public acceptance. The application of computer‐vision methods to automatic content analysis of photographs should be explored further in conservation culturomics, particularly in combination with rich metadata available on social media platforms.
Conservation planning on China's borders with Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam
Authors: Wang Lin , Yang Bin , Bai Yang , Lu Xiaoqiang , Corlett Richard T. , Tan Yunhong , Chen Xiao‐Yong , Zhu Jianguo , Liu Yan , Quan Rui‐Chang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTransboundary conservation is playing an increasingly important role in maintaining ecosystem integrity and halting biodiversity loss caused by anthropogenic activities. However, lack of information on species distributions in transboundary regions and understanding of the threats in these areas impairs conservation. We developed a spatial conservation plan for the transboundary areas between Yunnan province, southwestern China, and neighboring Myanmar, Laos, and Vietnam in the Indo‐Burma biodiversity hotspot. To identify priority areas for conservation and restoration, we determined species distribution patterns and recent land‐use changes and examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of the connected natural forest, which supports most species. We assessed connectivity with equivalent connected area (ECA), which is the amount of reachable habitat for a species. An ECA incorporates the presence of habitat in a patch and the amount of habitat in other patches within dispersal distance. We analyzed 197,845 locality records from specimen collections and monographs for 21,004 plant and vertebrate species. The region of Yunnan immediately adjacent to the international borders had the highest species richness, with 61% of recorded species and 56% of threatened vertebrates, which suggests high conservation value. Satellite imagery showed the area of natural forest in the border zone declined by 5.2% (13,255 km2) from 1995 to 2018 and monoculture plantations increased 92.4%, shrubland 10.1%, and other cropland 6.2%. The resulting decline in connected natural forest reduced the amount of habitat, especially for forest specialists with limited dispersal abilities. The most severe decline in connectivity was along the Sino‐Vietnamese border. Many priority areas straddle international boundaries, indicating demand and potential for establishing transboundary protected areas. Our results illustrate the importance of bi‐ and multilateral cooperation to protect biodiversity in this region and provide guidance for future conservation planning and practice.
Myroxylon pereirae (balsam of Peru): Still worth testing?
Authors: Guarneri Fabrizio , Corazza Monica , Stingeni Luca , Patruno Cataldo , Napolitano Maddalena , Pigatto Paolo D. M. , Gallo Rosella , Cristaudo Antonio , Romita Paolo , Offidani Annamaria , Schena Donatella , Milanesi Nicola , Micali Giuseppe , Zucca Myriam , Foti Caterina ,   SIDAPA Study Group
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundBecause Myroxylon pereirae (MP), or balsam of Peru, is nowadays almost not used “as such,” and fragrance mix 1 (FM1) apparently is more sensitive in detecting fragrance allergy, the usefulness of testing MP in baseline series was recently questioned.ObjectivesIdentification of the number of clinically relevant patch test reactions to MP not detected by FM1.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 12 030 patients patch tested with MP and FM1 for contact dermatitis between January 2018 and December 2019 in 13 Italian dermatology clinics.ResultsFour hundred thirty‐nine patients (3.6%) had a positive patch test reaction to MP; 437 (3.6%) had a positive patch test reaction to FM1. Positive reactions to both MP and FM1 were observed in 119 subjects (1.0%), 310 (2.6%) reacted to MP only, 304 (2.5%) to FM1 only, 5 to MP and sorbitan sesquioleate (SSO), 9 to FM1 and SSO, and 5 to MP, FM1, and SSO. Single sensitizations were clinically relevant in 75.2% of cases for MP (62.9% current, 12.3% past) and 76.3% for FM1 (70.1% current, 6.2% past).ConclusionsBased on our results, MP appears to be still worth testing along with FM1 in baseline series, because it allows detection of a remarkable number of fragrance allergies, often relevant, which would be otherwise missed.
Clinical assessment of endothelial function in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A meta‐analysis with meta‐regressions
Authors: Ambrosino Pasquale , Papa Antimo , Buonauro Agostino , Mosella Marco , Calcaterra Ilenia , Spedicato Giorgio Alfredo , Maniscalco Mauro , Di Minno Matteo Nicola Dario 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundEndothelial dysfunction is a key mechanism in the development of cardiac remodelling and diastolic dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Flow‐mediated (FMD) and nitrate‐mediated dilation (NMD) are noninvasive methods to assess endothelial function. We performed a meta‐analysis evaluating the impact of HFpEF on FMD and NMD.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and EMBASE databases were systematically searched according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Differences were expressed as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The random effects method was used.ResultsA total of seven studies were included in the final analysis, 7 with data on FMD (326 HFpEF patients and 417 controls) and 3 on NMD (185 HFpEF patients and 271 controls). Compared to controls, HFpEF patients showed significantly lower FMD (MD: −1.929; 95%CI: −2.770, −1.088;P < .0001) and NMD values (MD: −2.795; 95%CI: −3.876, −1.715;P < .0001). Sensitivity analyses substantially confirmed results. Meta‐regression models showed that increasing differences in E/A ratio (Z‐score: −2.002;P = .045), E/E’ ratio (Z‐score: −2.181;P = .029) and left atrial diameter (Z‐score: −1.951;P = .050) were linked to higher differences in FMD values between cases and controls.ConclusionsImpaired endothelial function can be documented in HFpEF, with the possibility of a direct association between the severity of diastolic and endothelial dysfunction. Targeting endothelial dysfunction through pharmacological and rehabilitation strategies may represent an attractive therapeutic option.
Host‐choice by a specialist folivore reflects trade‐offs between foliage quality and parasitism risks
Authors: Stead Lauren , Heard Stephen B. , Johns Robert C. 
Published: March 2021

1. The spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferanaClem., is an important outbreaking pest of balsam fir,Abies balsamea(L.) Mill, and black spruce,Picea mariana(Mill.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb., throughout the boreal forests of North America.2. Despite several studies reporting higher performance for larvae on balsam fir versus those on black spruce, many females still lay eggs on spruce. In this 2‐year study, we explored possible tri‐trophic trade‐offs associated with host selection taking into account both larval overwintering and feeding periods.3. Based on field surveys, parasitism rates were significantly higher for overwintering larvae on balsam fir than on black spruce in 2017.4. Field bioassays confirmed past studies showing 21% higher larval survival on balsam fir versus black spruce, especially when larval emergence was synchronized with host budburst.5. Considering both overwintering and feeding survival, overall spruce budworm performance was nearly equal between hosts, though larvae gained some advantage on balsam fir if larval feeding was synchronized with budburst.6. These results suggest that female egg lay on both hosts may be a ‘bet‐hedging’ strategy that balances trade‐offs between higher parasitism and higher foliage quality on different potential host species.
Exploring the clinical relevance of a dichotomy between affective and non‐affective psychosis: Results from a first‐episode psychosis cohort study
Authors: Ramain Julie , Conus Philippe , Golay Philippe 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimDefining diagnosis is complex in early psychosis, which may delay the introduction of an appropriate treatment. The dichotomy of affective and non‐affective psychosis is used in clinical setting but remains questioned on a scientific basis. In this study, we explore the clinical relevance of this dichotomy on the basis of clinical variables in a sample of first‐episode psychosis patients.MethodWe conducted a prospective study in a sample of 330 first‐episode psychosis treated at an early intervention program. Affective and non‐affective psychosis patients were compared on premorbid history, baseline data, outcomes and course of symptoms over the 3 years of treatment.ResultsAffective psychosis patients (22.42%) were more likely to be female, and had a shorter duration of untreated psychosis. The longitudinal analyses revealed that positive symptoms remained higher over the entire follow‐up in the non‐affective sub‐group. A higher degree of variability of manic symptoms and a significantly better insight after 6 months were observed in the affective sub‐group. No difference was observed regarding depressive and negative symptoms. At discharge, only the environmental quality of life and insight recovery were better in affective psychosis.ConclusionsOur study suggests that despite marginal differences at baseline presentation, these sub‐groups differ regarding outcome, which may require differentiation of treatment and supports the utility of this dichotomy.
Increased angiogenesis and migration of dermal microvascular endothelial cells from patients with psoriasis
Authors: Li Jiao , Hou Hui , Zhou Ling , Wang Juanjuan , Liang Jiannan , Li Junqin , Hou Ruixia , Niu Xuping , Yin Guohua , Li Xinhua , Zhang Kaiming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPsoriasis displays both increased angiogenesis and microvascular dilation in the skin, while human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) are involved in angiogenesis and microvascular dilation. Whether the functions of HDMECs are altered in psoriatic skin versus healthy skin remain unknown. Here, we isolated HDMECs from the skin of 10 patients with psoriasis and 10 healthy subjects and compared angiogenesis, proliferation, migration and cell metabolism between psoriatic HDMECs and normal HDMECs. We found that the morphology of primary HDMECs was comparable between psoriatic HDMECs and normal HDMECs. After passage, psoriatic HDMECs displayed larger cell size and wider intercellular space. In addition to DiI‐Ac‐LDL (DiI‐labelled acetylated low‐density lipoprotein) uptake, expression levels of CD31, vWF (von Willebrand factor) and LYVE‐1 were comparable in psoriatic HDMECs versus normal HDMECs. However, psoriatic HDMECs exhibited increased tube formation (numbers of nodes and meshes, p < 0.05) and migration (numbers of migrated cells, p < 0.001) and reductions in proliferation (growth rates, p < 0.05) and energy metabolism (oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate, p < 0.05) compared with normal HDMECs. Therefore, psoriatic HDMECs display an increased angiogenesis and migration and decreased proliferation and metabolic activity, suggesting a pathogenic role of HDMECs in psoriasis.
What variables are associated with use of and need for dental prosthesis? A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Rosalen Nathália P. , Muniz Francisco Wilker M. G. , Scalco Natália R. , Dezingrini Koriandher da S. , Colussi Eliane L. , Pires Ana Luiza C. , Colussi Paulo R. G. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPopulation‐based studies assessing the factors associated with use of and need for dental prosthesis among older adults are scarce.ObjectiveTo evaluate the use of and need for dental prosthesis and associated factors in the older adult population of a southern city of Brazil.Material and methodsA cross‐sectional study, involving community‐dwelling older adults (≥60 years), was performed. A probabilistic per cluster sampling was used, and 282 participants from Veranópolis, Brazil, were included. A clinical oral health examination was performed, and a structured questionnaire was applied. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to verify associations using Poisson regression with robust variance.ResultsThe prevalence of use of dental prosthesis was 87.2% (n = 246), while the prevalence of need for dental prosthesis was 27% (n = 76). Older adults with medium/high levels of education had 17.8% (P = .019) lower prevalence ratio (PR) for use of dental prosthesis. Unmarried and retired older adults had, respectively, 11.1% (PR:1.111; 95%CI:1.022‐1.207) and 19.5% (PR:1.195; 95%CI:1.009‐1.415) higher PR for use of prosthesis. Those without access to dental care had 11.8% (P = .012) higher PR for use of dental prosthesis. Older adults living in rural areas had 64.7% (PR:1.647; 95%CI:1.079‐2.514) higher PR of need for dental prosthesis.ConclusionHigh and low prevalence of use of and need for dental prosthesis, respectively, were detected in this sample. Level of education, marital status, retirement status and access to dental care were associated with the use of dental prostheses. However, only residence area was associated with the need for oral rehabilitation.
Challenges of antithrombotic therapy in the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with inherited bleeding disorders: A single‐centre experience
Authors: Cohen Oliver C. , Bertelli Michele , Manmathan Gavin , Little Callum , Riddell Anne , Pollard Debra , Aradom Elsa , Mussara Molly , Harrington Chris , Kanagasabapathy Pamela , De Silva Ravi , Martin Bruce , Peralta Rita , Gomez Keith , Yee Thynn , Chowdary Pratima , Rakhit Roby D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionCardiovascular events in patients with inherited bleeding disorders are challenging to manage. The risk of bleeding secondary to antithrombotic treatment must be balanced against the risk of thrombosis secondary to haemostatic therapy.MethodsPatients with inherited bleeding disorders with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or atrial fibrillation (AF) from a single centre (2010–2018) are included.ResultsA total of 11 patients undergoing CABG (n = 3), PCI (n = 5) or with AF (n = 3) and a diagnosis of haemophilia A (n = 8), haemophilia B (n = 1), factor XI deficiency (n = 1) and von Willebrand disease (n = 1) managed by a multidisciplinary team are reported. In patients undergoing CABG, factor levels were normalized for 7–10 days with trough levels of 70–80% with severe patients continuing high‐dose factor prophylaxis (trough 20–30%) three weeks post‐operatively with daily aspirin. In a patient with mild haemophilia A and an inhibitor, recombinant factor VIIa dosing was monitored with thromboelastometry. For PCI, a 3rd‐generation drug‐eluting stent with one month of dual antiplatelet therapy in addition to high‐dose prophylaxis as needed was preferred. Patients with AF and severe haemophilia did not receive antithrombotic treatment, and a thrombin generation assay was used to guide heparin dosing in mild haemophilia.ConclusionOur experience demonstrates the importance of interdisciplinary communication to identify strategies that decrease the risk of bleeding and thrombosis. The use of extended, increased intensity prophylaxis facilitated antiplatelet therapy. Global assays may help balance the intensity of haemostatic and antithrombotic treatment.
Efficacy of ubrogepant based on prior exposure and response to triptans: A post hoc analysis
Authors: Blumenfeld Andrew M. , Goadsby Peter J. , Dodick David W. , Hutchinson Susan , Liu Chengcheng , Finnegan Michelle , Trugman Joel M. , Szegedi Armin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the potential efficacy of ubrogepant for acute treatment of migraine based on historical experience with triptans.BackgroundAlthough triptans have improved migraine treatment, their efficacy and tolerability may limit their utility in some individuals. Ubrogepant is a small‐molecule, oral calcitonin gene–related peptide receptor antagonist approved by the Food and Drug Administration for acute treatment of migraine in adults.MethodsThis post hoc analysis of pooled data from the pivotal trials ACHIEVE I and II, identically designed, randomized, double‐blind, phase 3, single‐attack trials of ubrogepant in adults with a history of migraine with/without aura, examined the efficacy and tolerability of ubrogepant 50 mg versus placebo based on participants’ historical experience with triptans: triptan responder, triptan‐insufficient responder, and triptan naïve. Co‐primary efficacy endpoints were pain freedom and absence of most bothersome migraine‐associated symptom (MBS) 2 h post initial dose. Adverse events (AEs) within historical triptan experience subgroups were evaluated.ResultsIn the pooled analysis population (n = 1799), 682 (placebo, n = 350; ubrogepant 50 mg, n = 332), 451 (placebo, n = 223; ubrogepant, n = 228), and 666 (placebo, n = 339; ubrogepant, n = 327) participants were triptan responders, triptan‐insufficient responders, and triptan‐naïve, respectively. Response rates on co‐primary efficacy endpoints were higher for ubrogepant versus placebo across all groups. Treatment‐by‐subgroup interaction p values based on odds ratios for pain freedom (p = 0.290) and absence of MBS (p = 0.705) indicated no significant impact of historical triptan experience on ubrogepant efficacy. AE incidence for ubrogepant did not differ appreciably across historical triptan experience subgroups.ConclusionsUbrogepant efficacy and tolerability did not differ for the acute treatment of migraine in participants classified as triptan responders, triptan‐insufficient responders, and triptan‐naïve based on their historical experience with triptans.
'Reluctant pioneer': A qualitative study of doctors' experiences as patients with long COVID
Authors: Taylor Anna K. , Kingstone Tom , Briggs Tracy A. , O'Donnell Catherine A. , Atherton Helen , Blane David N. , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic has had far‐reaching effects upon lives, healthcare systems and society. Some who had an apparently 'mild' COVID‐19 infection continue to suffer from persistent symptoms, including chest pain, breathlessness, fatigue, cognitive impairment, paraesthesia, muscle and joint pains. This has been labelled 'long COVID'. This paper reports the experiences of doctors with long COVID.MethodsA qualitative study; interviews with doctors experiencing persistent symptoms were conducted by telephone or video call. Interviews were transcribed and analysis conducted using an inductive and thematic approach.ResultsThirteen doctors participated. The following themes are reported: making sense of symptoms, feeling let down, using medical knowledge and connections, wanting to help and be helped, combining patient and professional identity. Experiencing long COVID can be transformative: many expressed hope that good would come of their experiences. Distress related to feelings of being ‘let down’ and the hard work of trying to access care. Participants highlighted that they felt better able to care for, and empathize with, patients with chronic conditions, particularly where symptoms are unexplained.ConclusionsThe study adds to the literature on the experiences of doctors as patients, in particular where evidence is emerging and the patient has to take the lead in finding solutions to their problems and accessing their own care.Patient and Public contributionThe study was developed with experts by experience (including co‐authors HA and TAB) who contributed to the protocol and ethics application, and commented on analysis and implications. All participants were given the opportunity to comment on findings.
Multiple sulfur isotope chemostratigraphy across the Permian–Triassic boundary at Chaotian, China: Implications for a shoaling model of toxic deep‐waters
Authors: Saitoh Masafumi , Ueno Yuichiro , Isozaki Yukio , Yoshida Naohiro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrevious studies on multiple sulfur isotopes (32S, 33S, and 34S) in sedimentary pyrite at the end‐Permian suggested a shoaling of anoxic/sulfidic deep‐water contributing to the extinction. This scenario is based on an assumption that the sedimentary sulfur cycle was largely controlled by benthos activity, though a stratigraphic correlation between the sulfur records and ichnofabrics of the sediments at the end‐Permian has not yet been examined. We report the multiple sulfur isotopic composition of pyrite in the Permian–Triassic boundary interval at Chaotian, South China. Our data can be generally explained by a mixing of sulfur in sulfide from two different sources: one produced via sulfate reduction in an open system with respect to sulfate and the other produced in a closed system. In particular, the former with the substantially low δ34S (<−40 ‰) and high ∆33S (up to +0.100 ‰) values was likely produced via water‐mass sulfate reduction or via sulfate reduction in oxic sediments with common burrows. The frequent occurrence of small pyrite framboids (mostly <5 μm in diameter) in the Lopingian (Late Permian) Dalong Formation of deep‐water facies supports the enhanced water‐mass sulfate reduction in an anoxic deep‐water mass. The negative ∆33S values are observed only in the oxic limestones, and no substantial ∆33S change is observed across the extinction horizon despite of the disappearance of bioturbation. Our results are apparently inconsistent with the previous shoaling model. We expand the model and infer that, when the deep‐water was sulfidic and its shoaling rate was high, a substantial amount of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was supplied onto the shelf via the shoaling; that resulted in the positive ∆33S value of the bulk sediments. The observed ∆33S variation on a global scale suggests a substantial variation in H2S concentration and/or in upwelling rate of shoaling deep‐waters during the Permian–Triassic transition.