bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IN VITRO EVALUATION OF ANTHELMINTIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CENTELLA ASIATICA LINN. IN INDIAN ADULT EARTHWORMS
Authors: DATTA SWAGATA , NINGTHOUJAM GEETANJALI , ZOSANGPUII CHRISTINA , SHYAMASAKHI PAONAM , MEENA NAMEIRAKPAM 
Published: September 2021

Objective: Helminthiasis is one of the most prevalent parasitic infestations worldwide posing a major threat to public health. The control of these nematodes has relied largely on the use of a limited number of anthelmintics. However, emerging resistance and side effects to the currently available anthelmintic drugs is a major concern and discovery of newer anthelmintics with a novel mode of action is the need of the hour. The present study is aimed to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extract of Centella asiatica Linn. (EECA) on Indian earthworms (Pheretima posthuma).
Methods: The earthworms were divided into 4 groups with 6 worms in each group. The anthelmintic activity of EECA at two different concentrations (25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml) was evaluated by assessing the time of paralysis and time of death of the worms. Albendazole was used as standard and 2% gum acacia as control.
Results: Albendazole at 25 mg/ml showed the highest anthelmintic activity and had significant difference (p<0.001) with EECA at both 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml.
Conclusion: Both doses of the test drug showed anthelmintic activity but the extract at either dose was found to be less effective than the standard drug. Further studies with higher doses of the extract should be done to evaluate the anthelmintic activity in a dose-dependent manner.
FORMULATION AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF POLY-(D, L-LACTIDE-CO-GLYCOLIDE) (PLGA) NANOPARTICLES OF ELLAGIC ACID AND ITS EFFECT ON HUMAN BREAST CANCER, MCF-7 CELL LINE.
Authors: DAS JAYITA , DEBBARMA ANIMA , LALHLENMAWIA H. 
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of this experiment was to develop ellagic acid (EA) loaded poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles for tumour-specific drug delivery. The phytochemical EA is a potential antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic. Due to its low solubility and permeability, it falls under class IV of the BCS classification.
Methods: PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by a method established on the concept of single emulsification–solvent evaporation by using TWEEN®20 as a cosolvent for solubilizing the drug. While developing this method, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), was implemented.
Results: The stabilized formulation was with a particle size of 174.2 nm, which is ideal for tumour accumulation. The SEM images confirmed that the NPs have spherical shape. The resulting NPs were predominantly spherical and of uniform size and shape. Initial release of EA from nanoparticles in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer was quick, followed by a steady sustained release. The in vitro cytotoxicity study using MTT was also performed on the human breast cancer, MCF-7 cell line and EA-NPs were found to successively reduce the IC50 values which thereby revealed the pronounced cytotoxic effect of the formulation.
Conclusion: After performing this experiment, we can conclude that the polymeric nanoparticles are efficient and suitable form of drug delivery of ellagic acid exhibiting potential anti-tumour activity.
EXPLORING PHARMACY STUDENTS’ KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING OF EATING DISORDERS AND THEIR IMPACT ON MENTAL HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: MAHMOOD AQSA , BALL PATRICK , MORRISSEY HANA 
Published: September 2021

Objective: Eating disorders are a group of mental illnesses that are long-term and potentially life-threatening, affecting individuals’ physical and emotional health and wellbeing. They commonly exist alongside other mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety and are associated with a significant reduction in an individual's quality of life and life expectancy. They are poorly understood, and cases may be undiagnosed and thus untreated. This can result in damage to multiple organs, including the brain, heart, and kidneys.
Methods: This was an online questionnaire-based study, which consisted of 21 open and closed-ended questions. Participants were from years 1 to 4 of the MPharm course at the University of Wolverhampton.
Results: Fourty two completed surveys were returned. The results of the study revealed that pharmacy students lacked knowledge of eating disorders, which was also illustrated in previously conducted studies amongst other healthcare professions students. Therefore, it is evident that the current education about eating disorders is insufficient in many undergraduate healthcare courses and there is room for improvement.
Conclusion: Improving future pharmacist’s knowledge about eating disorders would assist better and earlier identification of patients with such conditions, allowing timely support.
INVESTIGATION OF ANTHELMINTIC EFFECT OF NEOLAMARCKIA CADAMBA FRUIT EXTRACTS IN ASCARIASIS
Authors: KAUR KULDEEP , SINGH AJEET PAL , SINGH AMAR PAL 
Published: September 2021

Objective: Investigation of Anthelmintic effect of Neolamarckia Cadamba fruit extracts (Ethanol, Aquaous, Phenyl ether, Chloroform) in Ascariasis.
Methods: The experiment was conducted on an adult Indian earthworm, Eiseniafoetida, owing of its morphological and physiological similarities to the human intestine roundworm parasite. Six sets of six earthworms were discharged sequentially into different extracts of N. cadamba fruits at dose levels of 5,10,15,20, and 25 mg/ml, respectively, and 25 mg/ml of albendazole solutions. Albendazole was employed as the standard reference medication.
Results: The results showed that Ethanolic extract has the greatest degree of activity. When compared to any other extract or conventional medicine, it produces a paralytic effect sooner and has a shorter time to death (Albendazole). An ethanol extract included alkaloid, saponin, tannins, flavonoids, proteins, and amino acids. As a result, it is possible to infer that the ethenolic fruit extract of Neolomarckia Cadamba showed much more anthelmintic activity against Indian earthworms than the usual treatment (Albendazole).
Conclusion: The solvents Ethanol, Chloroform, Phenyl Ether, and Aquaous were used to extract the Neolamarckia Cadamba. The results showed that Ethanolic extract has the greatest degree of activity. When compared to any other extract or conventional medicine, it produces a paralytic effect sooner and has a shorter time to death (Albendazole).
DNA Isolation of Chicken Feathers from the Base of the Young Feathers, the Base of the Old Feathers, and the Tip of the Feathers
Authors: Sophian Alfi 
Published: September 2021

Background: The goal was to provide information on the use of DNA templates in chicken samples so that the molecular research sampling process may employ feathers instead of hurting the test animals. Method: The sample used consisted of 10 Bangkok chickens which were sampled for young feathers and old feathers and the tips of the feathers. Quantitative techniques by comparing the results of DNA isolation which were analyzed using a nano photometer and then confirmed using real-time PCR with the SYBR green method. Result: The analysis of purity and concentration showed that at the base of young chicken feathers, the average value of purity was at 1,790, with an average value of the concentration of 4,210. At the base of the old feather, the average value of purity was 0.638, with an average concentration value that was not detected. Likewise, at the tip of the feather, the average purity value is 0.894 and the concentration value is not detected. Confirmation tests performed on all samples using the real-time PCR melt curve method showed that all samples were detected with a Tm value of 78.5 for young feathers, 78.5 for old feathers, 79.0 for positive controls and 78.7 for positive controls, while negative controls were not detected. Conclusion: DNA isolation can be carried out at the base of the young feathers, the base of the old feathers and the tips of the feathers.
Peningkatan Pemahaman Masyarakat Tentang Pemanfaatan Herbal Sebagai Terapi Penunjang Diabetes Mellitus dan Hipertensi Di Wilayah Kampung Windan
Authors: Sukmawati Anita , Cahya Lintang Titian , Sarweningtyas Purbandari Ajeng , Ihsani Lintang Karengga , Bakhtiar Muhammad , Finofasipa Palupi , Fenthiadewi Oktavia Permata 
Published: September 2021

Penyakit diabetes mellitus (DM) dan hipertensi merupakan penyakit dengan angka kejadian yang tinggi di Indonesia maupun dunia. Berdasarkan informasi yang diperoleh bahwa warga Kampung Windan, Kelurahan Makamhaji, Kabupaten Sukoharjo, memerlukan pengetahuan terkait pemanfaatan tanaman sebagai obat herbal untuk terapi DM dan hipertensi. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat terkait penggunaan tanaman untuk terapi penunjang pada penyakit DM dan hipertensi.
Kegiatan penyuluhan ini ditargetkan kepada ibu-ibu anggota PKK Kampung Windan RT 1 RW 8 Makamhaji sebagai peserta. Materi yang diberikan berupa pemanfaatan tanaman atau bahan yang mudah ditemukan dimasyarakat sekitar untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai terapi DM dan hipertensi. Penyampaian materi dilakukan dengan presentasi oral/ceramah dan brosur yang dibagikan kepada peserta. Untuk mengukur tingkat pemahaman peserta, beberapa pertanyan diberikan pada peserta untuk mengukur tingkat pemahaman dari peserta pada awal (pre-test) dan akhir (post-test) kegiatan penyuluhan.
Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa adanya pemberian materi berupa ceramah dan brosur dapat meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat terkait penggunaan tanaman untuk terapi penunjang DM dan hipertensi yang ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan nilai post test dibandingkan dengan nilai pre-test (p<0.05). Berdasarkan hasil pre-test dan post-test disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan pemberian ceramah dan brosur secara bermakna dapat meningkatkan pemahaman peserta terkait penggunaan tanaman untuk terapi penyakit degeneratif seperti hipertensi dan DM.
Pendampingan Peningkatan Kemampuan Tahsin Tahfidz melalui Program Pemberantasan Buta Huruf Al-Qur'an di Komunitas Exs Preman Solo
Authors: Inayati Nurul Latifatul , Purnamasari Diyah , Utomo Ahmad Imam 
Published: September 2021

Komunitas hijrah yang diberi nama komunitas Exspreso atau Exs Preman Solo berdiri pada juli tahun 2016 sebagai wadah dengan anggota yang dulunya preman, anak jalanan, pengedar maupun pemakai obat terlarang yang pada akhirnya mereka telah menentukan pilihan hidup untuk kembali kepada jalan yang lurus yang diridhoi Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala. Komunitas ini mengupayakan dan memfasilitasi setiap anggotanya belajar melalui program pemberantasan buta huruf al Qur’an untuk meningkatkan kemampuan tahsin tahfidz sehingga diharapkan tidak salah langkah dalam mempelajari serta mengamalkan Al Qur’an. Minimnya pembina dalam hal ini asatid dan banyaknya anggota yang membutuhkan pendampingan sehingga pengurus yang masih kurang dalam segi kemampuan akan menjadi penyebab kurang maksimalnya upaya peningkatan kemampuan tahsin tahfidz, maka diperlukan pendampingan dengan harapan mampu meningkatkan kemampuan para pengurus dalam peningkatan kemampuan yang dilakukan terhadap anggota, dan dengan harapan kegiatan ini dapat terlaksana secara berkelanjutan agar tercapai tujuan yang diharapkan.
Kata Kunci: Pendampingan, peningkatan tahsin tahfidz, komunitas exs preman Solo.
Optional signs of the subjective part in crimes against life and health in russian legislation: psychological and criminological aspects
Authors: Prokhorova Marina Leonidovna , Silchenko Elena Vladimirovna , Elets Elena Anatolyevna , Ulitin Ilya Nikolaevich 
Published: September 2021

Within the scope of the current research, the analysis of the psychological and criminological aspect of the optional signs of the subjective part in crimes against life and health has been conducted. Within the scope of the psychological and criminological features, stated patterns can be disclosed through the forming process of the criminal behavior mechanism. Within the framework of the current research it has been established that individual determinant which can help to differentiate related elements of crime are common to each premeditated crime against life and health. Mental derangements, irritation, anti-social behavior, depreciation of the social relations, indifference to others and other negative emotional patterns are often common to the criminals committing premeditated crimes which are punishable under Chapter 16 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Discovered patterns can be useful for the development of new investigation techniques, for the prevention of the stated crimes and legislation improvement.
Antibacterial and coagulant potential of vegetable extracts in the alternative treatment of greywater
Authors: Freitas Lucas Victor Pereira de , Santos Lucas David Rodrigues dos , Freitas Bruna Emanuely Pereira , Tiago João Paulo Fernandes , Braga Mônica Durães 
Published: September 2021

The reuse of greywater (GW) from some domestic activities is considered a sustainable technique for water saving, however, GW have high turbidity and bacteriological load. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the use of extracts obtained from Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle in the alternative treatment of GW, aiming at reducing turbidity and bacteriological load. For this, extracts obtained from epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp and whole fruit were prepared from three extraction methods. Posteriorly, they were applied to GW samples, being monitored the turbidity and heterotrophic bacteria at different time intervals. All extracts showed coagulant and antibacterial properties, reducing turbidity (39-88%) and heterotrophic bacteria (66-93%) after 24 hours of treatment. Thus, the evaluated extracts become an alternative for use in GW reuse systems instead of synthetic chemical agents, presenting advantages such as biodegradability, ease of access, biodegradability and low toxicity of the sludge generated.
Effects of pepper extract in suckling lamb feed: growth performance, metabolism, and oxidative responses
Authors: de Oliveia Cécere Bruno Giorgio , Molosse Vitor Luiz , Deolindo Guilherme Luiz , Dazuk Vanessa , Silva Anielen Dutra , Schetinger Maria Rosa C. , Vedovatto Marcelo , Zotti Claiton A. , da Silva Aleksandro Schafer 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Our objective was to determine whether the inclusion of pepper extract would improve health in suckling lambs, stimulating antioxidant activity, and improving performance. We used Lacaune lambs distributed in four treatments, with four repetitions per treatment and three lambs per repetition: control group (T0) and treatments T1, T2, and T3 that received 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of pepper extract, respectively. Groups T1 and T2 consumed more significant amounts of silage than group T0, and animals from group T1 consumed more concentrate and, consequently, consumed more solids. The addition of pepper extract enhanced growth performance, with the lowest dose (T1) giving rise to the most significant weight gain, average daily gain, and body weight, compared to T0. Regression analysis showed that the optimum point for pepper extract supplementation was 301.5 mg/kg. The levels of total protein and globulins were significantly higher for animals supplemented with pepper extract (day 28) than the control; the concentrations of albumin and urea increased over time but did not differ significantly among treatments. Serum glucose levels decreased significantly over time; however, the groups supplemented with pepper extract showed higher concentrations than group T0. The hematocrit was significantly higher in groups fed pepper extract; hemoglobin concentrations were also more significant, increasing over time in both groups. The groups that consumed the pepper extract had higher leukocyte counts due to greater lymphocytes and neutrophils. Levels of non-protein thiols increased significantly over time, while lipid peroxidation levels decreased significantly in all groups. The concentrations of reactive oxygen species significantly decreased in the serum of group T3 animals, those fed with pepper extract (day 28), compared to the control. In general, the addition of pepper extract in lamb feed can enhance weight gain, increase antioxidant levels, and stimulate the production of leukocytes and globulins in lambs.
Do the differences in egg contamination, penetration, and resistance against microorganisms among the hen genotypes exist?
Authors: Kraus Adam , Zita Lukáš , Krunt Ondřej , Chodová Darina , Okrouhlá Monika , Krawczyk Józefa 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the impact of genotype and storage conditions (temperature and time) on microbiological contamination and eggshell quality. There were four genotypes of laying hens used, Czech Golden Spotted (CGS), Greenleg Partridge (GP), White Leghorn (WL) and commercial hybrid (CH) hens were included. After collection, the eggs were divided equally into five groups according to the storage time (0, 14, 28 days) and temperature (5 and 20°C). The microbiological analysis included counting of colonies forming units (CFU) of Escherichia coli (EC), Enterococcus (ENT) and total number of microorganisms (TNM) on eggshell surface, eggshell membranes and in thin albumen. The analysis of eggshell quality included the determination of eggshell proportion (SP), thickness (ST), strength (SST), index (SI) and surface (SS). Moreover, egg weight (EW) and egg weight loss (EWL) were determined. The significant effect of genotype was found in contamination of eggshell by EC, ENT and TNM, eggshell membranes by TNM and albumen by EC (all P≤0.05). The significantly lowest contamination of eggshell from EC was in eggs from the WL hens (4.42 log CFU/eggshell), while from ENT was in eggs from the CGS hens (1.22 log CFU/eggshell) and from the WL hens (1.40 log CFU/eggshell). The lowest incidence of TNM was also detected in eggs from the WL hens (5.03 log CFU/eggshell). Statistically the lowest contamination of eggshell membranes by TNM was found in eggs from the WL (0.12 log CFU/eggshell membranes) and CH hens (0.15 log CFU/eggshell membranes). Regarding the effect of genotype, the GP (not detected) and WL (not detected) hens had eggs with statistically the lowest occurrence of EC bacteria in albumen. Regarding the EW and eggshell quality, all the parameters were significantly affected by the genotype (P≤0.0001). Also EWL was significantly (P≤0.05) affected by genotype (after 14, 21 and 28 days of storage). There were found to be significant differences of microbial contamination of egg surface among observed hen genotypes. The penetration of selected microorganisms was also significant in contamination of eggshell membranes by TNM and in contamination of albumen by EC.
Genome-wise engineering of ruminant nutrition – nutrigenomics: applications, challenges, and future perspectives – A review
Authors: Kizilaslan Mehmet , Arzik Yunus , Cinar Mehmet Ulas , Konca Yusuf 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Use of genomic information in ruminant production systems can help alleviating concerns related to food security and sustainability of production. Nutritional genomics (i.e., nutrigenomics) is the field of research that is interested in all types of reciprocal interactions between nutrients and the genomes of organisms, i.e., variable patterns of gene expression and effect of genetic variations on the nutritional environment. Devising a revolutionary analytical approach to the traditional ruminant nutrition research, the relatively novel area of ruminant nutrigenomics has several studies concerning different aspects of animal production systems. This paper aims to review the current nutrigenomics research in the frame of how nutrition of ruminants can be modified accounting for individual genetic backgrounds and gene/diet relationships behind productivity, quality, efficiency, disease resistance, fertility, and greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, current challenges facing ruminant nutrigenomics are evaluated and future directions for the novel area are strongly argued by this review.
Dietary strategies to enrich milk with healthy fatty acids – A review
Authors: Kholif Ahmed E. , Olafadehan Olurotimi A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Feed is the main factor impacting the composition and quality of milk of dairy animals. Therefore, the present review explores the effects of feed and nutrition on milk fat content and levels of healthy fatty acids (FA) in milk consumed by humans. Milk and dairy products are two main sources of healthy and unhealthy FA in human nutrition. The concentrations of FA in milk depend mainly on diets; therefore, milk FA concentrations and ratios can be greatly altered by some feeding strategies. Dietary supplementation of the diets of dairy livestock with vegetable seeds or oils, microalgae and phytogenic feed additives, and feeding of some grasses can enhance the contents of healthy FA, including n-3 FA, α-linolenic acid, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and, generally, unsaturated FA in milk and dairy products. Enrichment of milk with healthy FA may make milk a source of anticarcinogens (CLA and polyphenols) for human health. This review, therefore, focusses on the current research findings on enrichment of milk with healthy FA and summarizes some effective supplementation strategies to alter milk FA profile.
The effect of ruminal fluid pH on milk fatty acids composition in cattle
Authors: Komisarek Jolanta , Stefańska Barbara , Nowak Włodzimierz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of ruminal fluid pH on the fatty acids (FA) profile of bovine milk. The experiment was performed on 250 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows reared in 11 commercial high-yielding dairy farms. Ruminal fluid samples were collected by rumenocentesis, and fat and FA concentrations in milk were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. According to ruminal fluid pH, cows were categorized into three pH groups: high pH (pH > 5.8), moderate pH (pH 5.8–5.6), and low pH (pH < 5.6). Milk produced by low-rumen pH cows had a decreased fat content as compared to milk from moderate- and high-rumen pH cows (P≤0.05). Moreover, milk from low-rumen pH cows was characterized by the lowest level of short-chain FA (SCFA; P≤0.05), and consequently, the highest medium-chain FA to SCFA ratio (P≤0.01). The regression analysis showed that these traits explained a small proportion of rumen pH variance, which makes them unreliable indicators of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in dairy cows. However, despite the extensive variability in milk fat composition observed in this study, the effect of ruminal pH on SCFA in all the analyzed herds showed the same trend. Future research aimed to identify SARA biomarkers should therefore be conducted using techniques that allow detection of more individual FA in milk, including SCFA.