bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPING PERSONAS TO HELP DESIGNERS TO UNDERSTAND DIGITAL EXCLUSION
Authors: Goodman-Deane Joy Ai-Leen , Bradley Mike , Waller Sam , Clarkson P. John 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDigital inclusion is becoming more important as many consumer products and engineered systems adopt increasingly digital interfaces. The designers of such services often assume that users have a certain level of digital interface competence, but this is not the case for many users. In this paper, we present a set of personas that could help designers to better understand and consider the range of digital expertise across the population. The personas are based on survey data from 338 people across England and Wales in 2019. The survey examined various factors that affect ability to use digital interfaces, including technology experience, attitudes towards technology and competence with basic interface operations. Twelve clusters were identified using K-means cluster analysis, and twelve personas were developed based on these. The personas help to bring to life the range of digital expertise and highlight people at risk of digital exclusion. In addition, the cluster sizes indicate the proportion of the population represented by each persona and thus the scale of potential digital exclusion.
DEVELOPING THE MATERIAL-SERVICE SYSTEM CONCEPT: A CASE STUDY OF STEEL INDUSTRIAL DRUMS
Authors: Engelmann Anais , Zeeuw van der Laan Anouk , Aid Graham , Nybom Lars , Aurisicchio Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWithin the circular economy, the Product-Service System (PSS) is a key business model to slow down and dematerialise resource consumption between manufacturers or service providers and customers. Material-Service Systems (MSSs) have been proposed as a business model to develop the performance economy focusing on the relationship between material suppliers and manufacturers. The aim of this research is to introduce and develop the MSS concept and to apply it to a real-world case study. The research involved two stages. First, a modelling method is proposed to represent the flow, transformation and ownership of resources by the stakeholders in a supply chain. Second, the method is tested using steel industrial drums as a case. The results indicate that the MSS has the potential to radically transform the steel drums industry and it could work effectively with a PSS within a reuse system to recondition and reintroduce obsolete drums into the market.
DIMENSIONS OF KNOWLEDGE IN PROTOTYPING: A REVIEW AND CHARACTERISATION OF PROTOTYPING METHODS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS TO DESIGN KNOWLEDGE
Authors: Real Ricardo , Snider Chris , Goudswaard Mark , Hicks Ben 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhilst prior works have characterised the affordances of prototyping methods in terms of generating knowledge about a product or process, the types, or ‘dimensions’ of knowledge towards which they contribute are not fully understood. In this paper we adapt the concept of ‘design domains’ as a method to interpret, and better understand the contributions of different prototyping methods to design knowledge in new product development. We first synthesise a set of ten dimensions for design knowledge from a review of literature in design-related fields. A study was then conducted in which participants from engineering backgrounds completed a Likert-type questionnaire to quantify the perceived contributions to design knowledge of 90 common prototyping methods against each dimension. We statistically analyse results to identify patterns in the knowledge contribution of different methods. Results reveal that methods exhibit significantly different contribution profiles, suggesting different methods to be suited to different knowledge. Thus, this paper indicates potential for new methods, methodology and processes to leverage such characterisations for better selection and sequencing of methods in the prototyping process.
ENHANCED ACCESSIBILITY: AN ELEVATOR WITH AN INTERACTIVE MEDIA SURFACE
Authors: Jacobson Susanne , Ranne Jaakko 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis exploratory research paper discusses the importance of experiential qualities in products that have accessible and assistive uses. The focus is on products that may have an ambiguous user experience. Concepts of multisensory user experience and accessibility are presented as an introduction to the topic.The paper builds on the findings of a preliminary user study that was conducted in a joint multi-national and cross-industrial project that was externally funded. In the study, users’ experiences of an accessible means of transport, an elevator prototype with an interactive media surface, were explored. The study comprised a thinking aloud task and a design game.The demonstrated colours, lights and their movements created various kinds of associations among the participating users. The participants also ideated about the product’s alternative applications, some of which concerned accessibility, while others extended beyond it.The findings show that adding experiential product qualities enhances the user experience in terms of various associations and applications that extend beyond accessibility and the original use.
A SPECULATION ON THE POTENTIAL SUPPORT OF BIO-INSPIRED DESIGN TO BIOLOGICALISATION IN MANUFACTURING
Authors: Hashemi Farzaneh Helena , Borgianni Yuri , Forti David , Rauch Erwin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe paper investigates to what extent the knowledge accumulated in the field of Bio-Inspired Design might benefit the process of biologicalisation in manufacturing. According to visions making inroads in the manufacturing field, the latter will not be limited to the consideration and the analysis of biological principles as a source of inspiration for solving technical and organizational problems. In fact, the process of biologicalisation in manufacturing foresees the development of bio-integrated and bio-intelligent systems. In light of these expected developments, Bio-Inspired Design’s might fail to support the whole transition to take place in the manufacturing field. Methodological limitations still to overcome represent an important barrier in this perspective too. While a transfer of knowledge from the design to the manufacturing domain seems unlikely, the authors individuate aspects that encourage cross-fertilization between Bio-Inspired Design and biologicalisation in manufacturing. These include the need to include biologists in engineering teams, the objective of sustainable development, and a shared attention to the evolution of (Design for) Additive Manufacturing.
A STRUCTURED APPROACH TO REDUCE DESIGN ITERATIONS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Authors: Wirths Laura , Bleckmann Matthias , Paetzold Kristin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdditive Manufacturing technologies are based on a layer-by-layer build-up. This offers the possibility to design complex geometries or to integrate functionalities in the part. Nevertheless, limitations given by the manufacturing process apply to the geometric design freedom. These limitations are often unknown due to a lack of knowledge of the cause-effect relationships of the process. Currently, this leads to many iterations until the final part fulfils its functionality. Particularly for small batch sizes, producing the part at the first attempt is very important. In this study, a structured approach to reduce the design iterations is presented. Therefore, the cause-effect relationships are systematically established and analysed in detail. Based on this knowledge, design guidelines can be derived. These guidelines consider process limitations and help to reduce the iterations for the final part production. In order to illustrate the approach, the spare parts production via laser powder bed fusion is used as an example.
ADDITIVE REFURBISHMENT OF A VIBRATION-LOADED STRUCTURAL COMPONENT
Authors: Ganter Nicola Viktoria , Ehlers Tobias , Gembarski Paul Christoph , Lachmayer Roland 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the event of damage to additively manufactured components whose shape cannot be produced by machining, an additive repair can potentially be not only ecologically but also ecologically more favorable than the production of a new component. In addition, a number of hurdles that otherwise often impede the use of additive repair, e.g. the availability of the material of the damaged component for the additive process, are eliminated. As far as the authors are aware, this publication is the first to present a process for the additive refurbishment of additively manufactured components using the example of a wheel carrier. In this context, the possibility of increasing the fatigue strength of a structural component in refurbishment is discussed for the first time. To increase the fatigue strength of the wheel carrier, the chosen approach is to integrate the effect of particle damping into the component. Particularly in the case of components subjected to bending stresses, the effect of particle damping can be integrated into the component's interior without having to accept a significant loss of strength.
FUZZY-BASED FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING INTER-ENTERPRISE COLLABORATIONS IN PSS CONTEXT
Authors: Harrat Mourad , Belkadi Farouk , Bernard Alain 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOne of the biggest challenges of companies developing new solutions is how to properly manage the different relationships with external partners, especially in the case of Product-Service Systems (PSS). Developing a PSS requires for Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) to rethink the organization and roles of the different stakeholders regarding the characteristics of such environments. This paper aims to introduce a methodology to build a framework for inter-enterprise collaboration performance assessment and its corresponding Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). An extensive list of KPIs is established from key factors of collaboration performance and organizational characteristics in PSS context. Finally, further steps of the methodology are discussed where fuzzy techniques are used.
GROWING UP AND MOVING ON - INSIGHTS FROM THE HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS AND ADOLESCENTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON THE ISSUES AND BARRIERS IN THE TRANSFER OF CARE FROM PAEDIATRICS TO ADULT CARE
Authors: Gilmore Grace , Kiernan Louise , White Eoin , Hartigan Bernard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of this research is to report the finding from the perspective of the Healthcare Professionals and the adolescents and young adults (AYA's) to identify issues and barriers to a successful transition for adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) as they move from Paediatric Healthcare setting to Adult Healthcare.Healthcare services that fail to adequately meet the needs of young people and their families at this time of considerable change may result in a decline in their health status that can have a negative long-term impact. Through a user-centered research design (UCD) and Universal Design, the needs of all participants and stakeholders will be assessed. This paper applies the most appropriate proposed methods for the development of a solution to mitigate against some of the issues in tangent with the needs and feedback identified during the research process.
HASH FUNCTIONS SUPPORTING MECHATRONIC DESIGN EVOLUTION
Authors: Fresemann Carina , Falbe Max , Stark Rainer 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBoth industry and science point out the need to integrate PLM and ALM since products evolve from mechatronic to smart products. This paper investigates data management tasks fulfilled when creating or improving design. Particularly, the differences and commonalities in design evolution management of the software and hardware disciplines are considered.This paper introduces a beta version of a hash function based tool, applying the software management mechanism on mechanical revision management.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY: TEXTUAL INFORMATION DRIVEN SPATIAL UNDERSTANDING AND REPRESENTATION FOR USER INTERFACE DESIGN OF 3D MODELING TOOLS
Authors: Li Xuenan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe same information has different cognitive difficulty in different representation forms, especially in the field of interaction design. Thus, Scientists pay attention to the design effectiveness based on visual perception. This study focuses on two problems: 1) The relationship between textual comprehension, spatial understanding and cognitive accuracy of text information; 2) The transformation differences of cognitive elements from text information to 3D image information. First, we conduct an experiment to show the cognitive transformation difference of text elements and 3D image elements. Then, we take the design of "Logoup" 3D modeling software (This is programming driven 3D modeling software) as an example, and applies the experimental results in this study to the interface design of the software. By setting up horizontal and vertical reference planes in the real-time rendering area of the software, we can improve the cognitive efficiency and user experience of users and provide non-professional 3D modeling skill of users with an entrance to create 3D shapes.
IMPLEMENTATION OF MAINTENANCE STRATEGIES IN THE LIFE CYCLE COSTING OF PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEMS
Authors: Schneider Jannik Alexander , Wurst Johanna , Gruetzmann Ines , Mozgova Iryna , Lachmayer Roland 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEstimating the costs of products during development to design a cost efficent product is a well established process. But in the case of Product-Service Systems estimating the costs of the individual product is not sufficent. Instead it is necessary to calculate the cost incured over the entire life cycle of the product. Because with Product-Service Systems the majority of costs is not incurred during manufacturing of the product but instead during the operation. One of the major cost components accruing during the operation of the product are the maintennace costs. Therefore, current life cycle costing models show the impoact of component design on the maintennace cost of the Product-Service System. But they do not show how different maintennace strategies that can have an impact on the overall life cycle costs of the Product-Service System. Thus, this paper shows a method for the implementation of different maintennace strategies into life cycle costing and applies it in an industrial use case.
Investigation on the Aha-Experience as an Indicator of Correct Solutions in Functional Analysis in Engineering Design
Authors: Zimmerer Christoph , Nelius Thomas , Matthiesen Sven 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe functional analysis of technical systems is an important part of the design process. To further improve the design process, especially the functional analysis, it must not be viewed as a monodisciplinary process. To this end, cognitive factors such as the aha-experience must also be included in studies of analysis processes to a greater extent. This paper investigates the relationship between the occurrence of aha-experiences and the correctness of solutions in the analysis of a technical system. An aha-experience is a strong feeling of subjective certainty that accompanies the cognitive process of suddenly finding a previously unknown solution. For this purpose, a study on the functional analysis was evaluated. The results show that many identified subfunctions of the system under investigation were identified with an aha-experience and that these subfunctions are more often correct. The results also suggest that aha-experiences occur more often among students than among experienced design engineers. Especially among students, a positive relation of aha-experiences on the correctness of the identified subfunction can be seen. This offers potential for further investigations to make aha-experiences useful in design methods.
LIFE PHASES MODULARISATION OF PRODUCT-SERVICE SYSTEMS
Authors: Rennpferdt Christoph , Krause Dieter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProduct Service Systems (PSS) are increasingly important for companies. They enable a multitude of advantages, including the ability to offer customers even more individual customised solutions. However, PSS can also cause negative effects for companies. For example, PSS increase the complexity within companies. In order to cope with this complexity, the modularisation of PSS is frequently suggested in literature. However, existing approaches for modularisation only consider functional reasons for module composition and neglect the product-strategic aspects. This paper introduces a new approach for the modularisation of PSS, which combines functional and product-strategic aspects into one approach. To achieve this, a separate modular structure is developed for each life phase. Following this, these are harmonised across all life phases. This enables the advantages of the modular PSS structure to be used in all life phases. A PSS family of laser processing machines is used to illustrate the new developed approach.
METAMODEL FOR SAFETY AND SECURITY INTEGRATED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE MODELING
Authors: Kharatyan Aschot , Tekaat Julian , Japs Sergej , Anacker Harald , Dumitrescu Roman 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs digitization progresses, the integration of information and communication technologies in technical systems is constantly increasing. Fascinating value potentials are emerging (e.g. autonomous driving), but also challenges in the system development. The constantly increasing product complexity and degree of networking require a systemic development, which is fulfilled by established approaches of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE). To ensure the reliability of tomorrow's systems, an integrative and early consideration of security and safety is additionally required. In order to show the possibility and consequences of failures and attacks, the paper develops a modeling language that links established and partly isolated security and safety approaches within a consistent metamodel. The developer is enabled to synthesize system architectures transparently on an interdisciplinary level and to analyze attack and failure propagation integratively. The approach uncovers synergetic and especially contrasting goals and effects of architectural designs in terms of safety and security in order to make adequate architectural decisions based on trade-off analyses.
METRICS FOR BIO-INSPIRATION BASED ON TAXONOMIES
Authors: Willocx Mart , Duflou Joost R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing bio-inspiration allows engineers to use the knowledge implicitly built up by natural evolution. Current tools for providing engineers with bio-inspiration yield many biological working principles. Starting from the Linnaean taxonomy, which can be seen as a design revision history, this work proposes metrics for a working principle based on the observations of that working principle in different organisms. A first metric measures the reinforcement of a working principle via the number of observations (publications/submissions to a database) made by biologists. Furthermore, biological strategies that evolve independently and use the same working principle might be more resilient and globally applicable, prompting the proposal of a metric measuring the spread in the taxonomy. Finally, bio-novelty measures the biological novelty, inversely related to the biological diversity employing the working principle. To illustrate the use of the metrics, they are applied to the working principles identified in the ‘temporary attachment’ category of AskNature.
MODELLING AND VISUALIZING KNOWLEDGE ON THE REFERENCE SYSTEM AND VARIATIONS BASED ON THE MODEL OF PGE – PRODUCT GENERATION ENGINEERING FOR DECISION SUPPORT
Authors: Pfaff Felix , Rapp Simon , Albers Albert 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn 2019, Dyson had to cancel its ambitious electric car project after having already 500 Million pounds spent. This example shows how difficult it is to assess the consequences of decisions on development targets as cost, risk, and innovation potential. Knowledge about references, variation types and their impact on development targets can help to increase the maturity of the decision basis. The model of PGE - product generation engineering describes these interrelations using the reference system. This contribution deals with the question of how knowledge about the impact of variation types and characteristics of reference system elements on new product generations can be made usable through modelling and visualization. Therefore, characteristics of reference system elements and their impacts on common development targets are collected through literature research. To process this knowledge base in technical information systems, an Entity-Relationship data model is developed. Through the implementation of a VR visualization, the data model is validated and a first visualisation approach is shown. The findings of this work can be used to systematise research on impact factors in PGE and to develop further digital methods.
MODELLING PROPORTIONS AND SEQUENCES OF OPERATIONS IN TEAM DESIGN ACTIVITIES
Authors: Martinec Tomislav , Škec Stanko , Lukačević Fanika , Štorga Mario 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe presented research aims at modelling and formalising the process of team design activity as an interplay between the evolution of design problems and solutions. The motivation founds primarily on a presumption that there exist regularities in designing which can be captured and formalised using the appropriate models. The study thus investigates whether the identified design operation proportions and sequence probabilities are consistent throughout the different parts of team conceptual design activities. It does so by exploring the utility of mathematical models built based on the correlations and statistically significant sequences underlying the previously identified designing patterns. The developed mathematical model was tested by replicating moving-average analyses of design operation proportions and sequences, which were originally observed in the protocol analysis study. A close fit was found between the simulated and the observed data, particularly in providing insights regarding operation patterns and proportion trends. The presented models and modelling methodology are potentially an appropriate means for the next steps in describing, and consequently predicting and supporting team design activity dynamics.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF A MOBILE MINER USING THE OPENMDAO PLATFORM
Authors: Vidner Olle , Pettersson Robert , Persson Johan A , Ölvander Johan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes an optimization framework based on the OpenMDAO software library intended for engineer-to-order products and applies it to the conceptual design of a Mobile Miner. A Mobile Miner is a complex machine and a flexible alternative to Tunnel Boring Machines for small-scale tunneling and mining applications. The proposed framework is intended for use in early design and quotation stages with the objective to get fast estimates of important product characteristics, such as excavation rate and cutter lifetime. The ability to respond fast to customer requests is vital when offering customized products for specific applications and thereby to stay competitive on the global market. This is true for most engineer-to-order products and especially for mining equipment where each construction project is unique with different tunnel geometries and rock properties. The presented framework is applied to a specific use-case where the design of the miner's cutter wheel is in focus and a set of Pareto optimal designs are obtained. Furthermore, the framework extends the capabilities of OpenMDAO by including support for mixed-variable formulations and it supports an exploratory approach to design optimization.