bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The shaping ability of WaveOne Gold, TRUShape and XP‐endo Shaper systems in oval‐shaped distal canals of mandibular molars: A microcomputed tomographic analysis
Authors: Poly Ane , Marques Fernando , Moura Sassone Luciana , Karabucak Bekir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo compare the shaping ability of a heat‐treated centric reciprocating file system (WaveOne Gold), a heat‐treated eccentric rotary multifile system (TRUShape 3D Conforming Files), and a heat‐treated expandable one‐file rotary system (XP‐endo Shaper) extending its activation time, in preparing oval‐shaped root canals in extracted mandibular molars by means of microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) analysis.MethodologyThirty moderately curved oval‐shaped distal roots of mandibular molars were selected. The normality of canal length, curvature angle, volume, surface area, structure model index, and aspect ratio were confirmed. The samples were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10). Micro‐CT scans were taken before and after canals were instrumented using WaveOne Gold (size 35, .06 taper), or TRUShape (size 30, .06v taper), both following the manufacturer's instructions, or XP‐endo Shaper following a new protocol with extended activation time. The mechanical preparation time for each sample was recorded. Pre‐ and postoperative images were analysed for the percentage of unprepared canal areas and the percentage of removed dentine. Data were compared between groups using the statistical analyses one‐way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < .05).ResultsThe percentage of unprepared canal areas was significantly higher with WaveOne Gold (% 11.5 ± 4.0) and TRUShape (% 12.4 ± 5.8) compared with XP‐endo Shaper (% 5.2 ± 2.6) (p < .05). XP‐endo Shaper removed significantly more dentine (3.3 ± 1.5 mm3) than WaveOne Gold (1.8 ± 0.8 mm3) and TRUShape (1.9 ± 0.8 mm3) (p < .05). No significant differences were seen for mechanical preparation time between WaveOne Gold (79 ± 31 s), TRUShape (104 ± 41 s) and XP‐endo Shaper (71 ± 23 s) (p > .05).ConclusionsThe comparison of three recognized root canal filing systems has shown that with similar preparation times, the XP‐endo Shaper removed more dentine (mm3) leaving less unprepared canal wall area (%) than WaveOne Gold and TRUShape when preparing oval‐shaped root canals of extracted mandibular molars.
A SEARCH MODEL OF EARLY EMPLOYMENT CAREERS AND YOUTH CRIME
Authors: Mancino M. Antonella 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA large fraction of disadvantaged young individuals makes money from crime, and yet their labor market is usually studied ignoring the presence of the criminal sector. Consistent with the empirical evidence, I build a two‐sector model of frictional labor search to study crime and employment outcomes jointly, and estimate it using a panel data set of young offenders. I use the model to illustrate sizable interactions between sectors, and show that, aiming at the same reduction in crime, policies targeting the legal labor sector generate larger welfare gains, and at a comparable cost, than traditional policies focusing on the criminal sector.
Exogenous ochronosis associated with hydroquinone: a systematic review
Authors: Ishack Stephanie , Lipner Shari R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExogenous ochronosis is a potential side effect associated with hydroquinone, and treatment is often unsatisfactory. Our study objectives were to review data on hydroquinone‐associated ochronosis to determine risk factors for patients experiencing this adverse event. On September 27, 2020 (MEDLINE/PubMed), and October 30, 2020 (Scopus and Web of Science), databases were searched for “ochronosis + hydroquinone” by both authors to reduce risk basis. PRISMA reporting guidelines were used to select 56 articles with a total of 126 patients with hydroquinone‐associated ochronosis. Included articles described hydroquinone‐associated ochronosis. Articles were excluded if they had irrelevant content, were non‐English language text, and were non‐case studies. Full text articles were assessed and recorded. Cross‐tabulation analysis was performed on categorical data, and Fisher exact test was performed. Ochronosis was most often reported in middle‐aged women (53.2%), of African descent (45.2%), Black races (55.5%), and Fitzpatrick skin types V–VI (52.4%). It was most frequently reported with unknown and hydroquinone concentrations greater than 4% (32.5 and 35.7% cases, respectively). Median duration of use was 5 years, with only four cases reported with courses 3 months or shorter and eight cases reported with use 1 year or less. All patients presented with facial blue‐black or gray‐blue macules in a reticulate, lace‐like fashion. Histopathology consistently showed solar elastosis and brownish‐yellow, ‘banana‐shaped’ fibers between degenerated collagen fibers of the papillary dermis. Based on these findings, we conclude that hydroquinone in concentrations above 4% and in treatment courses longer than 3 months may be associated with new‐onset ochronosis.
El surgimiento, el fin y la sustitución del experimento de reglamentación laboral transnacional en Bangladesh
Authors: KANG Youbin 
Published: September 2021

ResumenCinco años después del derrumbe del Rana Plaza en 2013 –en el que murieron 1133 trabajadores–, el Acuerdo sobre Incendios y Seguridad de los Edificios en Bangladesh, programa multipartito para la reglamentación laboral de la industria de la confección, fue suspendido por la Corte Superior del país. El Acuerdo, considerado un prometedor ejemplo de regulación transnacional, nunca se institucionalizó localmente. De su investigación archivística y etnográfica la autora deduce que lo que condujo a su terminación y sustitución fue la falta de apoyo generalizado de los empleadores y trabajadores locales, así como del Gobierno, a pesar de que mejoró las condiciones de seguridad en las fábricas.
Migración interna, remesas y participación laboral en la India rural desde una perspectiva de género
Authors: KHAN Mohd Imran , BARUAH Ashapurna 
Published: September 2021

ResumenEste artículo examina el impacto de las remesas de migrantes internos en la oferta de trabajo de hombres y mujeres de los hogares receptores en la India rural. Las estimaciones con variables instrumentales y datos de la National Sample Survey indican que el efecto es negativo. Las remesas no parecen afectar a la participación en el trabajo asalariado regular, pero se asocian a una disminución de la participación en el trabajo asalariado ocasional y en el trabajo familiar no remunerado, y a un aumento del empleo no subordinado, especialmente entre las mujeres del hogar. Además, las remesas aumentan significativamente la participación femenina en las tareas domésticas.
Nanocrystalline high‐entropy carbide ceramics with improved mechanical properties
Authors: Ma Mengdong , Sun Yanan , Wu Yingju , Zhao Zhisheng , Ye Li , Chu Yanhui 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe nanocrystalline (Hf0.25Zr0.25Ta0.25Ti0.25)C high‐entropy carbide ceramics were successfully prepared through high‐pressure sintering of the self‐synthesized nanopowders for the first time. The results showed that the relative density, grain size, hardness, and elastic modulus of all the as‐prepared samples increased gradually with the increase of sintering temperatures from 1200 to 1600°C. The as‐fabricated samples at 1600°C possessed a relative density of 97.1% and a mean grain size of 98 ± 35 nm and simultaneously exhibited good comprehensive mechanical properties with Vickers hardness of 25.7 ± 0.6 GPa and fracture toughness of 4.3 ± 0.4 MPa·m1/2 at room temperature due to the grain refinement strengthening mechanism and microcrack deflection and bridging toughening mechanism. In addition, they showed a linear decrease in high‐temperature Vickers hardness with the increase of the temperature from room temperature to 1000°C, which was determined by the combined effects of the intrinsic softening of HEC‐1 ceramics at elevated temperature and the presence of ZrO2 impurity phase at the grain boundaries.
Outcomes of temporary pacing using active fixation leads and externalized permanent pacemakers in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic device infection and pacemaker dependency
Authors: Zhou Xu , Ze Feng , Li Ding , Li Xuebin , Wang Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe incidence of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infections is increasing. Complete device and lead removal are recommended for all patients with definite CIED system infection. In patients with pacemaker dependency, temporary pacing before reimplantation is necessary. In this study, temporary pacing using active fixation leads (TPAFL) was evaluated.MethodsWe reviewed data from consecutive patients implanted with TPAFL after transvenous lead extraction at our center between November 2014 and October 2020.ResultsTPAFL were placed in 334 patients. The mean age was 64.5 ± 16.4 years and 76.3% were males. Two hundred and forty (72%) were treated due to local pocket infection and 94 (28%) systemic infection. The indication for temporary pacing was sick sinus syndrome in 135 (40.4%) patients and complete or high‐grade atrioventricular (AV) block in 199 (59.6%) patients. The most common access site for lead implantation was the ipsilateral subclavian or axillary vein (78.9%). A new permanent CIED was reimplanted at 10.3 ± 9.2 days (median 10, range: 2–70) after implantation of the temporary pacing. There were five (1.5%) adverse events related to the temporary pacing during hospitalization. The median follow‐up duration was 23.1 months (interquartile range [IQR], 7.2–43.4 months). Only one patient (0.3%) developed recurrent CIED infection.ConclusionTPAFL is safe and effective in pacemaker‐dependent patients after infected CIED removal. The rate of temporary pacing‐related complications, including lead dislodgment and reinfection of CIED is relatively low.
Immune defence mechanisms presented in liver homogenates and bile of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)
Authors: González‐Silvera Daniel , Cuesta Alberto , Esteban Maria Ángeles 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBecause the role of the liver of fishes in providing possible immunity remains largely unknown, the aim of this work was to identify and characterize different humoral defence mechanisms in the liver homogenates and bile of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) for the first time. Total protein levels and several immune parameters (complement activity, lysozyme and immunoglobulin M level) were studied. Furthermore, the activity of some lytic (proteases, antiproteases, esterase, alkaline phosphatase) and antioxidant (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) enzymes was determined. Finally, bacteriostatic activity on three opportunist fish pathogens (Vibrio harveyi, Vibrio angillarum and Photobacterium damselae) was measured. Lysozyme and antiprotease activity were undetected in liver and bile, while natural haemolytic complement activity was only detected in bile, and immunoglobulin M was detected in both samples. The levels of proteases, esterase and antioxidant enzymes were greater in bile than in liver homogenates, while the level of alkaline phosphatase was very low in both samples. In addition, while no bacteriostatic activity was detected on liver homogenates, the bile revealed a very potent bacteriostatic activity against all the tested pathogenic bacteria. These results corroborate that fish liver – especially fish bile – contains many factors involved in innate immunity that could be useful for better understanding the role of the liver as an organ involved in fish immune functions as well as the possible contribution of bile to gut mucosal immunity.
Combined analyses of translatome and transcriptome in Arabidopsis reveal new players responding to magnesium deficiency
Authors: Li Yaxin , Li Qianqian , Beuchat Gabriel , Zeng Houqing , Zhang Cankui , Chen Li‐Qing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTranslational control of gene expression, including recruitment of ribosomes to messenger RNA (mRNA), is particularly important during the response to stress. Purification of ribosome‐associated mRNAs using translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) followed by RNA‐sequencing facilitates the study of mRNAs undergoing active transcription and better proxies the translatome, or protein response, to stimuli. To identify plant responses to Magnesium (Mg) deficiency at the translational level, we combined transcriptome and translatome analyses. Excitingly, we found 26 previously unreported Mg‐responsive genes that were only regulated at the translational level and not the transcriptional level, during the early response to Mg deficiency. In addition, mutants of the transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), the H+/CATION EXCHANGER 1 and 3 (CAX1 and CAX3), and UBIQUITIN 11 (UBQ11) exhibited early chlorosis phenotype under Mg deficiency, supporting their functional involvement in ion homeostasis. Overall, our study strongly supports that TRAP‐seq combined with RNA‐seq followed by phenotype screening could facilitate the identification of novel players during stress responses.
Amyloid pathology and synaptic loss in pathological aging
Authors: Gkanatsiou Eleni , Nilsson Johanna , Toomey Christina E. , Vrillon Agathe , Kvartsberg Hlin , Portelius Erik , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Brinkmalm Ann , Lashley Tammaryn , Brinkmalm Gunnar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory dysfunction and cognitive decline. Pathological aging (PA) describes patients who are amyloid‐positive but cognitively unimpaired at time of death. Both AD and PA contain amyloid plaques dominated by amyloid β (Aβ) peptides. In this study, we investigated and compared synaptic protein levels, amyloid plaque load, and Aβ peptide patterns between AD and PA. Two cohorts of post‐mortem brain tissue were investigated. In the first, consisting of controls, PA, AD, and familial AD (FAD) individuals, synaptic proteins extracted with tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane‐buffered saline (TBS) were analyzed. In the second, consisting of tissue from AD and PA patients from three different regions (occipital lobe, frontal lobe, and cerebellum), a two‐step extraction was performed. Five synaptic proteins were extracted using TBS, and from the remaining portion Aβ peptides were extracted using formic acid. Subsequently, immunoprecipitation with several antibodies targeting different proteins/peptides was performed for both fractions, which were subsequently analyzed by mass spectrometry. The levels of synaptic proteins were lower in AD (and FAD) compared with PA (and controls), confirming synaptic loss in AD patients. The amyloid plaque load was increased in AD compared with PA, and the relative amount of Aβ40 was higher in AD while for Aβ42 it was higher in PA. In AD loss of synaptic function was associated with increased plaque load and increased amounts of Aβ40 compared with PA cases, suggesting that synaptic function is preserved in PA cases even in the presence of Aβ.
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“You Can't Fix Your Brain”: Exploring concussion experiences of children and parents
Authors: Campbell Alyson , Plourde Vickie , Hartling Lisa , Scott Shannon D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo explore the experiences, information needs and preferences of children who have had a concussion and their parents who have cared for them.DesignQualitative description.MethodsSemi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted via Zoom with children who have had a concussion between ages 5 and 16 years and parents who have cared for a child with a concussion. Interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed.ResultsFourteen interviews were conducted with children and parents who have experiences with concussion. Four major themes were identified: (1) mechanism of injury and concussion symptoms experienced by children, (2) parent concerns, emotions, and health care experience with child's concussion, (3) concussions affect more than just your head and, (4) health information seeking, and preferences of parents and children related to concussion. Children and their parents have unique experiences, information needs and preferences regarding concussion.Practice ImplicationsThis information offers valuable insights about developing resources about childhood concussion that parents and children will find useful and relevant. This research has direct relevance to healthcare professionals who may encounter children with concussion in their daily practice so they can ensure the needs of children and families are being met. Our findings will be used to create the content for an innovative knowledge translation tool about pediatric concussion.
Landscape‐scale population connectivity in two parasitoid species associated with the spruce budworm: Testing the birdfeeder effect using genetic data
Authors: Legault Simon , Wittische Julian , Cusson Michel , Brodeur Jacques , James Patrick M. A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPeriodic and spatially synchronous outbreaks of insect pests have dramatic consequences for boreal and sub‐boreal forests. Within these multitrophic systems, parasitoids can be stabilizing agents by dispersing toward patches containing higher host density (the so‐called birdfeeder effect). However, we know little about the dispersal abilities of parasitoids in continuous forested landscapes, limiting our understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of host–parasitoid systems, and constraining our ability to predict forest resilience in the context of global changes. In this study, we investigate the spatial genetic structure and spatial variation in genetic diversity of two important species of spruce budworm larval parasitoids during outbreaks: Apanteles fumiferanae Viereck (Braconidae) and Glypta fumiferanae (Viereck) (Ichneumonidae). Using parasitoids sampled in 2014 from 26 and 29 locations across a study area of 350,000 km2, we identified 1,012 and 992 neutral SNP loci for A. fumiferanae (N = 279 individuals) and G. fumiferanae (N = 382), respectively. Using DAPC, PCA, AMOVA, and IBD analyses, we found evidence for panmixia and high genetic connectivity for both species, matching the previously described genetic structure of the spruce budworm within the same context, suggesting similar effective dispersal during outbreaks and high parasitoid population densities between outbreaks. We also found a significant negative relationship between genetic diversity and latitude for A. fumiferanae but not for G. fumiferanae, suggesting that northern range limits may vary by species within the spruce budworm parasitoid community. These spatial dynamics should be considered when predicting future insect outbreak severities in boreal landscapes.
Microbes support enhanced nitrogen requirements of coral holobionts in a high CO2 environment
Authors: Meunier Valentine , Geissler Laura , Bonnet Sophie , Rädecker Nils , Perna Gabriela , Grosso Olivier , Lambert Christophe , Rodolfo‐Metalpa Riccardo , Voolstra Christian R. , Houlbrèque Fanny 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOcean acidification is posing a threat to calcifying organisms due to the increased energy requirements of calcification under high CO2 conditions. The ability of scleractinian corals to cope with future ocean conditions will thus depend on their ability to fulfil their carbon requirement. However, the primary productivity of coral holobionts is limited by low nitrogen (N) availability in coral reef waters. Here, we employed CO2 seeps of Tutum Bay (Papua New Guinea) as a natural laboratory to understand how coral holobionts offset their increased energy requirements under high CO2 conditions. Our results demonstrate for the first time that under high pCO2 conditions, N assimilation pathways of Pocillopora damicornis are jointly modified. We found that diazotroph‐derived N assimilation rates in the Symbiodiniaceae were significantly higher in comparison to an ambient CO2 control site, concomitant with a restructured diazotroph community and the specific prevalence of an alpha‐proteobacterium. Further, corals at the high CO2 site also had increased feeding rates on picoplankton and in particular exhibited selective feeding on Synechococcus sp., known to be rich in N. Given the high abundance of picoplankton in oligotrophic waters at large, our results suggest that corals exhibiting flexible diazotrophic communities and capable of exploiting N‐rich picoplankton sources to offset their increased N requirements may be able to cope better in a high pCO2 world.
Joint Decomposition of Business and Financial Cycles: Evidence from Eight Advanced Economies*
Authors: Winter Jasper de , Koopman Siem Jan , Hindrayanto Irma 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe discuss a model‐based simultaneous decomposition of multiple time series in short‐term and medium‐term cyclical dynamics. We associate short‐term dynamic features with the business cycle and medium‐term dynamic features with the financial cycle. For eight advanced economies, we analyse a set of macroeconomic and financial time series data. A strong and common finding among all economies is the co‐cyclicality of medium‐term cycles, especially those corresponding to house price and gross domestic product variables. We also find empirical evidence that the house price is partly driven by the credit cycle. Most cyclical movements in the country‐specific time series appear to be driven by domestic rather than global factors.
Implications of mistletoe parasitism for the host metabolome: A new plant identity in the forest canopy
Authors: Lázaro‐González Alba , Gargallo‐Garriga Albert , Hódar José Antonio , Sardans Jordi , Oravec Michal , Urban Otmar , Peñuelas Josep , Zamora Regino 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMistletoe–host systems exemplify an intimate and chronic relationship where mistletoes represent protracted stress for hosts, causing long‐lasting impact. Although host changes in morphological and reproductive traits due to parasitism are well known, shifts in their physiological system, altering metabolite concentrations, are less known due to the difficulty of quantification. Here, we use ecometabolomic techniques in the plant–plant interaction, comparing the complete metabolome of the leaves from mistletoe (Viscum album) and needles from their host (Pinus nigra), both parasitized and unparasitized, to elucidate host responses to plant parasitism. Our results show that mistletoe acquires metabolites basically from the primary metabolism of its host and synthesizes its own defence compounds. In response to mistletoe parasitism, pines modify a quarter of their metabolome over the year, making the pine canopy metabolome more homogeneous by reducing the seasonal shifts in top‐down stratification. Overall, host pines increase antioxidant metabolites, suggesting oxidative stress, and also increase part of the metabolites required by mistletoe, which act as a permanent sink of host resources. In conclusion, by exerting biotic stress and thereby causing permanent systemic change, mistletoe parasitism generates a new host‐plant metabolic identity available in forest canopy, which could have notable ecological consequences in the forest ecosystem.