bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Trends and Perspectives of Detection and Location for Buried Non-Metallic Pipelines
Authors: Ge Liang , Zhang Changpeng , Tian Guiyun , Xiao Xiaoting , Ahmed Junaid , Wei Guohui , Hu Ze , Xiang Ju , Robinson Mark 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBuried pipelines are an essential component of the urban infrastructure of modern cities. Traditional buried pipes are mainly made of metal materials. With the development of material science and technology in recent years, non-metallic pipes, such as plastic pipes, ceramic pipes, and concrete pipes, are increasingly taking the place of pipes made from metal in various pipeline networks such as water supply, drainage, heat, industry, oil, and gas. The location technologies for the location of the buried metal pipeline have become mature, but detection and location technologies for the non-metallic pipelines are still developing. In this paper, current trends and future perspectives of detection and location of buried non-metallic pipelines are summarized. Initially, this paper reviews and analyzes electromagnetic induction technologies, electromagnetic wave technologies, and other physics-based technologies. It then focuses on acoustic detection and location technologies, and finally introduces emerging technologies. Then the technical characteristics of each detection and location method have been compared, with their strengths and weaknesses identified. The current trends and future perspectives of each buried non-metallic pipeline detection and location technology have also been defined. Finally, some suggestions for the future development of buried non-metallic pipeline detection and location technologies are provided.
Classification of acoustic emission signals in wood damage and fracture process based on empirical mode decomposition, discrete wavelet transform methods, and selected features
Authors: Zhang Meilin , Zhang Qinghui , Li Junqiu , Xu Jiale , Zheng Jiawen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe nondestructive testing technology of generated acoustic emission (AE) signals for wood is of great significance for the evaluation of internal damages of wood. To achieve more accurate and adaptive evaluation, an AE signals classification method combining the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier is proposed. Five features (entropy, crest factor, pulse factor, margin factor, waveform factor) are selected for classification because they are more sensitive to the uncertainty, complexity, and non-linearity of AE signals generated during wood fracture. The three-point bending load damage experiment was implemented on sample wood of beech and Pinus sylvestris to generate original AE signals. Evaluation indexes (precision, accuracy, recall, F1-score) were adopted to assess the classification model. The results show that the ensemble classification accuracies of two tree species reach 94.58% and 90.58%, respectively. Moreover, compared with the results of the original AE signal, the accuracy of the AE signal processed by the methods proposed is increased by 27.68%. It indicates that the EMD and DWT signal processing methods and selected features improve the classification accuracy, and this automatic classification model has good AE signal recognition performance.
How do citizens feel about their water services in the water sector? Evidence from the UK
Authors: Tian Kang , Chen Zhuo , Wang Han 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAt present, many studies have used social survey methods to explore UK water citizens’ perceptions of the water sector’s water services, but there are few more targeted and systematic studies. This paper mainly displays the perceptions of UK water citizens on water services in the water sector in recent years and analyses the main reasons for different perceptions and possible strategies. We conduct extensive research from four aspects that are highly related to water services: water citizens’ perceptions of the water supply services and technology application (infrastructure construction) provided by the water sector; the state of communication between the water sector and water citizens and their perceptions of water supply management; water citizens’ perceptions of the comprehensive utilisation of water resources in the water sector; water citizens’ perceptions of the water prices set by the water sector. These discussions aim to discover citizens’ perceptions of the water sector and the effects on the public participation mechanism. These insights help attract the water sector’s attention so that the public’s opinions can genuinely support water policymakers and provide sure support for the water sector to formulate corresponding solutions.
Genome-wide identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of AP2/ERF transcription factors family in sweet potato
Authors: He Shutao , Hao Xiaomeng , He Shuli , Hao Xiaoge , Zhang Peng , Chen Xiaonan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
In recent years, much attention has been given to AP2/ERF transcription factors because they play indispensable roles in many biological processes, such as plant development and biotic and abiotic stress responses. Although AP2/ERFs have been thoroughly characterised in many plant species, the knowledge about this family in the sweet potato, which is a vital edible and medicinal crop, is still limited. In this study, a comprehensive genome-wide investigation was conducted to characterise the AP2/ERF gene family in the sweet potato.

Results
Here, 198 IbAP2/ERF transcription factors were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis classified the members of the IbAP2/ERF family into three groups, namely, ERF (172 members), AP2 (21 members) and RAV (5 members), which was consistent with the analysis of gene structure and conserved protein domains. The evolutionary characteristics of these IbAP2/ERF genes were systematically investigated by analysing chromosome location, conserved protein motifs and gene duplication events, indicating that the expansion of the IbAP2/ERF gene family may have been caused by tandem duplication. Furthermore, the analysis of cis-acting elements in IbAP2/ERF gene promoters implied that these genes may play crucial roles in plant growth, development and stress responses. Additionally, the available RNA-seq data and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to investigate the expression patterns of IbAP2/ERF genes during sweet potato root development as well as under multiple forms of abiotic stress, and we identified several developmental stage-specific and stress-responsive IbAP2/ERF genes. Furthermore, g59127 was differentially expressed under various stress conditions and was identified as a nuclear protein, which was in line with predicted subcellular localization results.

Conclusions
This study originally revealed the characteristics of the IbAP2/ERF superfamily and provides valuable resources for further evolutionary and functional investigations of IbAP2/ERF genes in the sweet potato.
Phosphoproteome analysis reveals an extensive phosphorylation of proteins associated with bast fiber growth in ramie
Authors: Zeng Zheng , Li Fu , Huang Renyan , Wang Yanzhou , Liu Touming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Phosphorylation modification, one of the most common post-translational modifications of proteins, widely participates in the regulation of plant growth and development. Fibers extracted from the stem bark of ramie are important natural textile fibers; however, the role of phosphorylation modification in the growth of ramie fibers is largely unknown.

Results
Here, we report a phosphoproteome analysis for the barks from the top and middle section of ramie stems, in which the fiber grows at different stages. A total of 10,320 phosphorylation sites from 9,170 unique phosphopeptides that were assigned to 3,506 proteins was identified, and 458 differentially phosphorylated sites from 323 proteins were detected in the fiber developmental barks. Twelve differentially phosphorylated proteins were the homologs of Arabidopsis fiber growth-related proteins. We further focused on the function of the differentially phosphorylated KNOX protein whole_GLEAN_10029667, and found that this protein dramatically repressed the fiber formation in Arabidopsis. Additionally, using a yeast two-hybridization assay, we identified a kinase and a phosphatase that interact with whole_GLEAN_10029667, indicating that they potentially target this KNOX protein to regulate its phosphorylation level.

Conclusion
The finding of this study provided insights into the involvement of phosphorylation modification in ramie fiber growth, and our functional characterization of whole_GLEAN_10029667 provide the first evidence to indicate the involvement of phosphorylation modification in the regulation of KNOX protein function in plants.
Assessment of artificial and natural sweeteners present in packaged non-alcoholic beverages (NABs) sold on the Singapore market
Authors: Tan Rebecca , Chew Sharon , Cleanthous Xenia , Anastasiou Kimberley , Brooker Paige G. , Pham Theresa , Smith Benjamin P. C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
New Nutri-Grade labelling, aimed at reducing Singaporeans’ sugar consumption will be implemented for all pre-packaged non-alcoholic beverages (NABs) sold in retail outlets from end 2021 onwards. It is expected such labelling will have a major impact on sugar content of beverages, as well as the replacement of sugar with non-caloric alternatives.

Methods
This study used product label data obtained from in-store surveys to investigate sugar and sweetener composition of NABs present on the Singapore market. Using this data we calculated products prospective Nutri-Grade classification in order to compare the current market composition with relation to sugar and/or sweetener use.

Results
Over half of the NABs on market were sweetened with sugar (59%) and were associated with less healthy Nutri-Grades of ‘C’ and ‘D’. The use of natural sweeteners; Stevia and Monk fruit, remains low (6%).

Conclusion
With continuous efforts by the government in promoting public health nutrition, it is expected that there will be a greater usage of sugar substitutes among NABs in response to the upcoming implementation of Nutri-Grade and ever-fluctuating consumers’ demands. The data collected in this study provide a point estimate (July–September 2020) on market composition and use of both sugar and artificial sweeteners in beverages prior to integration of the mandatory labelling requirements.
Relationship between clinical outcomes and nerve conduction studies before and after surgery in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Ise Masato , Saito Taichi , Katayama Yoshimi , Nakahara Ryuichi , Shimamura Yasunori , Hamada Masanori , Senda Masuo , Ozaki Toshifumi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Nerve conduction study (NCS) is the only useful test for objective assessment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, the relationship between pre- and postoperative NCS and clinical outcomes was unclear. This study aimed to determine whether pre- and postoperative (6 months) NCS could predict patient-oriented and motor outcomes (6 and 12 months postoperatively) in patients with CTS.

Method
Of the 85 patients with CTS, 107 hands were analyzed from March 2011 to March 2020. All patients underwent open carpal tunnel release and were examined using the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) questionnaire and grip strength (GS) preoperatively and 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Moreover, NCS was examined preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively. Distal motor latency (DML) and sensory conduction velocity (SCV) were the parameters used for NCS. The correlation coefficient between NCS and DASH or GS was calculated. A receiver operating characteristic curve was utilized to determine the NCS threshold value to predict DASH and GS improvement.

Results
The average scores of GS preoperatively and 6 and 12 months postoperatively were 21.3, 22.3, and 22.8, respectively. On the other hand, the average scores of DASH preoperatively and 6 and 12 months postoperatively were 28.8, 18.3, and 12.2, respectively. The average NCS scores (DML and SCV) preoperatively/6 months postoperatively were 7.3/5.4 and 27.8/36.7, respectively. Preoperative NCS did not correlate with DASH and GS. Postoperative SCV correlated with the change in grip strength (6–12 months, r = 0.67; 0–12 months, r = 0.60) and DASH (0–12 months, r = 0.77). Moreover, postoperative DML correlated with the change in DASH (6–12 months, r = − 0.33; 0–12 months, r = − 0.59). The prediction for the improvement of GS/DASH achieved a sensitivity of 50.0%/66.7% and a specificity of 100%/100%, at an SCV cutoff score of 38.5/45.0 or above. The prediction for improvement of GS/DASH achieved a sensitivity of 83.3%/66.7% and a specificity of 100%/66.7% at a DML cutoff score of 4.4/4.4 or below.

Conclusion
NCS at 6 months postoperatively can be used to predict the improvement of clinical outcome after 6 months postoperatively in patients with CTS.
How nurses support family caregivers in the complex context of end-of-life home care: a qualitative study
Authors: Becqué Yvonne N. , Rietjens Judith A. C. , van der Heide Agnes , Witkamp Erica 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundFamily caregivers are crucial in providing end-of-life care at home. Without their care, it would be difficult for many patients to die at home. In addition to providing care, family caregivers also need support for themselves. Nurses could play an important role in supporting family caregivers, but little is known about if and how they do so. The aim of this study is to explore how nurses currently approach and support family caregivers in end-of-life home care and which factors influence their support of family caregivers.MethodsData were collected using semi-structured interviews with 14 nurses from nine home care organisations in the Netherlands, in 2018. Interviews were audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic analysis approach.ResultsWe identified two underlying nursing perspectives on supporting family caregivers: an instrumental perspective (seeing family caregivers mostly as collaborative partners in care) and a relational perspective (seeing family caregivers as both providing and needing support). All the interviewed nurses stated that they pay attention to family caregivers’ needs. The activities mentioned most often were: identification of support needs, practical education, support in decision-making about the patient’s treatment, emotional support, and organising respite care, such as night care, to relieve the family caregiver. The provision of support is usually based on intuition and experience, rather than on a systematic approach. Besides, nurses reported different factors at the individual, organisational and societal levels that influenced their support of family caregivers, such as their knowledge and experience, the way in which care is organised, and laws and regulations.ConclusionsNurses tend to address family caregivers’ needs, but such care was affected by various factors at different levels. There is a risk that nursing support does not meet family caregivers’ needs. A more reflective approach is needed and evidence-based needs assessment tools may help nurses to systematically assess family caregivers’ needs and to provide appropriate support.
Career choice regret during COVID-19 among healthcare students and professionals in mainland China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yang Guoyi , Wang Ling , Wang Jia , Geng Zixian , Liu Huixin , Xu Tao 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID-19 epidemic affected the career choice of healthcare professionals and students. Career choice regret of healthcare professionals and students during COVID-19 outbreak and its affected factors are largely unexplored.MethodsConvenience sample of nurses, doctors, and medical students were recruited from hospitals and universities nationwide. The data collected including demographic information, professional value before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and career choice regret level by an online questionnaire. Multinominal logistic regression was employed to explore the factors associated with career choice regret.ResultsIn total, 9322 participants of convenience sampling were enrolled in, including 5786 nurses, 1664 doctors, and 1872 medical students. 6.7% participants had career choice regret. Multinominal logistic regression analysis showed, compared to participants with no regret, that as levels of psychological resilience increased, the odds of experiencing career choice regret decreased (OR = 0.95, 95% CI 0.94–0.96), while participants with lower professional value evaluation after the COVID-19 outbreak had higher probability to experience career choice regret (OR = 1.55,95% CI 1.50–1.61). Medical students were more likely to regret than nurses (OR = 1.65,95% CI 1.20–2.28), participants whose career/major choice was not their personal ideal had higher risk of experience career choice regret (OR = 1.59,95% CI 1.29–1.96), while participants who were very afraid of the coronavirus had higher risk to experience career choice regret then participants with no fear at all (OR = 2.00,95% CI 1.24–3.21).As for the medical students, results indicated that medical students major in nursing and undergraduates had higher risk to experience career choice regret compared to medical students major in clinical medicine and postgraduate (Master or PhD), with an odds ratios of 2.65(95% CI 1.56–4.49) and 6.85 (95% CI 2.48–18.91)respectively.ConclusionsA minority of healthcare professionals and medical students regretted their career choices during the COVID-19 outbreak. Enhance personal psychological resilience and professional value would helpful to reduce career choice regret among healthcare professionals and students during pandemic.
Impact of COVID-19 and mitigation plans on essential health services: institutional experience of a hospital in Ethiopia
Authors: Dandena Firaol , Teklewold Berhanetsehay , Anteneh Dagmawi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Health systems around the world are being challenged by an on-going COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic and associated response can have a significant downstream effect on access to routine health care services, and indirectly cause morbidity and mortality from causes other than the disease itself, especially in resource-poor countries such as Ethiopia. This study aimed to explore the impact of the pandemic on these services and measures taken to combat the effect.

Methods
The study was conducted at St. Paul’s hospital millennium medical college (SPHMMC) from December 15, 2020 to January 15, 2021 using a comparative cross-sectional study design. We collected data on the number of clients getting different essential health care services from May to October 2019 (Pre COVID) and the same period in 2020 (during a COVID-19 pandemic) from the patient registry book. The analysis was done with SPSS version 24 software.

Result
Overall, the essential services of SPHMMC were affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. The most affected service is inpatient admission, which showed a 73.3% (2044 to 682) reduction from the pre-COVID period and the least affected is maternal service, which only decreased by 13% (3671 to 3177). During the 6 months after the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a progressive increment in the number of clients getting essential health services.

Conclusion and recommendation
The establishment of a triple setup for fighting against COVID-19, which encompasses non-COVID services, an isolation center and a COVID-19 treatment center, played a vital role in preserving essential health services.
Visit-to-visit fasting blood glucose variability and lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease: a prospective study
Authors: Bi Jianing , Song Lulu , Wang Lulin , Wu Mingyang , Chen Shouhua , Wang Youjie , Wu Shouling , Tian Yaohua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aims
Previous studies suggested an adverse association between higher fasting blood glucose (FBG) variability and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lifetime risk provides an absolute risk assessment during the remainder of an individual’s life. However, the association between FBG variability and the lifetime risk of CVD is uncertain.

Objective
We aimed to investigate the effect of the visit-to-visit FBG variability on the lifetime risk of CVD.

Methods
This study included participants from the Kailuan Study who did not have CVD at index ages 35, 45, and 55 years. The FBG variability was defined as the coefficient of variation (CV) of three FBG values that were measured during the examination periods of 2006–2007, 2008–2009, and 2010–2011. We used a modified Kaplan-Merrier method to estimate lifetime risk of CVD according to tertiles of FBG variability.

Results
At index age 35 years, the study sample comprised 46,018 participants. During a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 1889 participants developed CVD events. For index age 35 years, participants with high FBG variability had higher lifetime risk of CVD (32.5%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 28.9–36.1%), compared with intermediate (28.3%; 95% CI: 25.5 –31.1%) and low (26.3%; 95% CI: 23.0–29.5%) FBG variability. We found that higher FBG variability was associated with increased lifetime risk of CVD in men but not women. Similar patterns were observed at index ages 45 and 55 years.

Conclusions
Higher FBG variability was associated with increased lifetime risk of CVD at each index age. Focusing on the FBG variability may provide an insight to the clinical utility for reducing the lifetime risk of CVD.
Comparison of ticagrelor with clopidogrel on quality of life in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Moon Hyeyeon , Jo Yoon-Sung , Kim Soo-Jin , Jo Sua , Park Kyungil 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Ticagrelor has a Class I recommendation for use following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, ticagrelor needs to be taken twice a day, as compared to clopidogrel. Its adverse effects, such as dyspnea or bleeding, are known to be more common than with clopidogrel. Dyspnea may tend to be uncomfortable and limit activity. Major bleeding often leads to hospitalization or transfusions, and frequent minor bleeding, which might not result in patients seeking medical care, can make ACS patients feel unhealthy. Thus, these characteristics may affect the health-related quality of life (HQOL).

Methods
In the PLEIO (comParison of ticagreLor and clopidogrEl on mIcrocirculation in patients with acute cOronary syndrome) trial, we randomized 120 participants to receive ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily or clopidogrel 75 mg once daily for at least 12 months. We carried out an HQOL assessment with the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire on the day of discharge following PCI, as well as six months later.

Results
At discharge, the HQOL measures were similar in the ticagrelor and clopidogrel groups, both having a physical component summary (PCS) and a mental component summary (MCS) score. A six-month HQOL follow-up assessment showed that there were no differences between the two study groups in either the PCS or the MCS scores. In both groups, the PCS scores significantly increased over six months of treatment (both p < 0.01). However, the MCS score did not differ significantly. A baseline MCS score is an independent predictor of better physical and mental health status at six months.

Conclusions
Ticagrelor, as compared to clopidogrel, did not significantly reduce the HQOL during the six months following PCI in patients with ACS.
Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02618733.