bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quasilinear treatment of wave–particle interactions in the electron cyclotron range and its implementation in a gyrokinetic code
Authors: Donnel P , Cazabonne J , Villard L , Brunner S , Coda S , Decker J , Murugappan M , Sadr M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A quasilinear operator for wave–particle interactions in the electron cyclotron range is derived using the cold plasma dispersion relation. The finite width of the beam implies a broadening of the resonance layer in the velocity space which allows the use of a numerically efficient treatment of the operator. The specific case of a pure heating injected at the outer mid-plane is then treated. It allows to treat the beam propagation and absorption easily, simplifying the implementation of the source term in the gyrokinetic code. This specific case is implemented in the gyrokinetic particle-in-cell code ORB5 using a Langevin approach. The derivation and verification of the source operator are presented.
Overview of the isotope effects in the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak
Authors: Schneider P A , Hennequin P , Bonanomi N , Dunne M , Conway G D , Plank U 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In recent years, measurements on the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak and modelling performed for plasmas with hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) as the main gas have improved our understanding of the ion mass dependencies in fusion plasmas. The observed isotope effects can be explained with established physics processes which highlight the importance of treating heat transport with coupled electron and ion heat channels. In the core of electron heated L-mode plasmas, the mass dependence of the electron–ion equipartition results in a reduction of

q

i

/

q

e

with increasing ion mass. Combined with higher profile stiffness in the ions compared to the electrons, this results in improved core confinement for higher ion masses. At the edge of L-mode plasmas where a higher collisionality is observed, parallel electron dynamics is fundamental for turbulence. The parallel electron dynamics term in the gyrokinetic equations directly depends on

m

i

/

m

e

, resulting in a different kinetic response with different ion mass. Higher turbulent fluxes are expected with lower ion mass. This is consistent with the difference in

L

n

e

observed in the experiment. The mass dependence of turbulent transport in the L-mode edge has direct consequences for the L–H transition. More heating power is required to enter the H-mode at lower mass (

P

L-H

H

∼
2

P

L-H

D

). This is expected if the critical E × B shearing rate

γ

E
×
B

is important for the transition from L to H mode. In the H-mode pedestal,

γ

E
×
B

remains important to regulate the turbulent transport. The electrons do not contribute to

γ

E
×
B

and the enhanced equipartition for lower ion masses causes a shift from the ion channel to the electron channel in the absolute heat fluxes. Consequently, the inter edge localised mode (ELM) transport is found to be higher with lower isotope mass. This enhanced transport in H can prevent the pedestal from reaching the peeling–ballooning stability boundary with engineering parameters where D plasmas are peeling–ballooning unstable. Increasing the triangularity reduces the inter ELM transport in H stronger than in comparable D plasmas. For matched pedestal top and matched heat sources, the core heat transport is found to be similar for H and D when the fast-ion content is low. When ion temperature gradient turbulence stabilisation by fast ions becomes relevant, the mass dependent fast-ion slowing down results in higher fast-ion content in D and therefore in a reduction of ion heat transport in the core. Then, even for matched pedestals

τ

E

D

>

τ

E

H

.
Improvement of the first flux entry field by laser post-treatment of the thin Nb film on Cu
Authors: Ries R , Seiler E , Gömöry F , Medvids A , Onufrijevs P , Pira C , Chyhyrynets E , Malyshev O B , Valizadeh R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In superconducting radiofrequency accelerating cavities for particle accelerators, the Nb/Cu structure is one of the alternatives to bulk Nb but R&D is required to achieve a reproducible performance that competes with bulk Nb. The DC entry field H
en and critical temperature were studied in the thin Nb films deposited by magnetron sputtering on Cu substrate. The Nb surfaces were further treated by Nd:YAG laser at four energy doses (D1 = 350, D2 = 233, D3 = 175 and D4 = 140 J cm−2). The superconducting properties and other characteristics obtained by atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction were compared before and after laser treatment. The laser treatment increased the field of first flux entry by up to 65% compared to a non-irradiated sample. The laser irradiation also led to reduction of surface roughness, improvement of the surface morphology, reduction in crystallite size and increase of lattice parameter.
Quench and self-protecting behaviour of an intra-layer no-insulation (LNI) REBCO coil at 31.4 T
Authors: Suetomi Y , Yoshida T , Takahashi S , Takao T , Nishijima G , Kitaguchi H , Miyoshi Y , Hamada M , Saito K , Piao R , Takeda Y , Maeda H , Yanagisawa Y 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents experimental results on a quench of an intra-layer no-insulation (LNI) (RE: rare earth)Ba2Cu3O7−δ
(REBCO) coil in a 31.4 T central magnetic field and simulated results on the quench. We have been designing a persistent-mode 1.3 GHz (30.5 T) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnet with a layer-wound REBCO inner coil. Protection of the REBCO coil from quench is a significant issue and the coil employs the LNI method to obtain self-protecting characteristics. We conducted high-field generation and quench experiments on an LNI-REBCO coil connected to an insulated Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O
x
(Bi-2223) coil under a background magnetic field of 17.2 T as a model of the 1.3 GHz NMR magnet. The coils successfully generated a central magnetic field of 31.4 T. Although the LNI-REBCO coil quenched at 31.4 T, this quench did not cause any degradation to the coil. A numerical simulation showed the current distribution during the quench was non-uniform and changed rapidly over time due to current bypassing through copper sheets between layers, resulting in faster quench propagation than in an insulated REBCO coil. During the quench propagation, the peak temperature (T
peak) and the peak hoop stress BzJR (σθ,

peak) were calculated to be 330 K and 718 MPa, respectively. These are below critical values that cause degradation. The simulation also showed that the high electrical contact resistivity (ρ
ct) of 10 000 µΩ cm2, between REBCO conductors and copper sheets in the LNI-REBCO coil winding, played an important role in protection. When ρ
ct was as low as 70 µΩ cm2, the quench propagation became too fast and large additional currents were induced, resulting in an extremely high σθ,

peak of 1398 MPa, while the T
peak was as low as 75 K. In short, the high ρ
ct in the present coil caused a high T
peak, but succeeded in suppressing σθ,

peak and protecting the coil from the quench.
Practical limits of error correction for quantum metrology
Authors: Shettell Nathan , Munro William J , Markham Damian , Nemoto Kae 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Noise is the greatest obstacle in quantum metrology that limits it achievable precision and sensitivity. There are many techniques to mitigate the effect of noise, but this can never be done completely. One commonly proposed technique is to repeatedly apply quantum error correction. Unfortunately, the required repetition frequency needed to recover the Heisenberg limit is unachievable with the existing quantum technologies. In this article we explore the discrete application of quantum error correction with current technological limitations in mind. We establish that quantum error correction can be beneficial and highlight the factors which need to be improved so one can reliably reach the Heisenberg limit level precision.
Cavity magnomechanical storage and retrieval of quantum states
Authors: Sarma Bijita , Busch Thomas , Twamley Jason 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We show how a quantum state in a microwave cavity mode can be transferred to and stored in a phononic mode via an intermediate magnon mode in a magnomechanical system. For this we consider a ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere inserted in a microwave cavity, where the microwave and magnon modes are coupled via a magnetic-dipole interaction and the magnon and phonon modes in the YIG sphere are coupled via magnetostrictive forces. By modulating the cavity and magnon detunings and the driving of the magnon mode in time, a stimulated Raman adiabatic passage-like coherent transfer becomes possible between the cavity mode and the phonon mode. The phononic mode can be used to store the photonic quantum state for long periods as it possesses lower damping than the photonic and magnon modes. Thus our proposed scheme offers a possibility of using magnomechanical systems as quantum memory for photonic quantum information.
High sensitive, linear and thermostable pressure sensor utilizing bipolar junction transistor for 5 kPa
Authors: Basov Mikhail 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Research of pressure sensor chip utilizing novel electrical circuit with bipolar-junction transistor-based (BJT) piezosensitive differential amplifier with negative feedback loop (PDA-NFL) for 5 kPa differential range was done. The significant advantages of developed chip PDA-NFL in the comparative analysis of advanced pressure sensor analogs, which are using the Wheatstone piezoresistive bridge, are clearly shown. The experimental results prove that pressure sensor chip PDA-NFL with 4.0 × 4.0 mm2 chip area has sensitivity S = 11.2 ± 1.8 mV/V/kPa with nonlinearity of 2KNLback = 0.11 ± 0.09%/FS (pressure is applied from the back side of pressure sensor chip) and 2KNLtop = 0.18 ± 0.09%/FS (pressure is applied from the top side of pressure sensor chip). All temperature characteristics have low errors, because the precision elements balance of PDA-NFL electric circuit was used. Additionally, the burst pressure is 80 times higher than the working range.
Fewer deep cyclones projected for the midlatitudes in a warming climate, but with more intense rainfall
Authors: Pepler Acacia , Dowdy Andrew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cyclones are a major cause of extreme weather in the extratropics. Projections of future climate change have focussed on extratropical cyclones identified close to the surface, but cyclones identified at multiple levels of the atmosphere (‘deep’ cyclones) make the largest contributions to total and extreme rainfall. Here we use ten CMIP5 models to assess projected changes in cyclone frequency and associated heavy rainfall between 1979–2005 and 2070–2099 under a high emissions scenario (RCP8.5), with a focus on changes in vertically organised (‘deep’) systems with cyclones present at both the surface and 500 hPa. We find a robust decrease in the number of deep cyclones by the end of the 21st century, together with an increase in the number of extreme rainfall events caused by deep cyclones. In contrast to deep cyclones, shallow cyclones identified only at the surface are found to produce less rain and are projected to increase in frequency in the future, particularly over land areas. Our findings demonstrate the benefits of considering vertically deep cyclones, as their connection to extreme rainfall has implications for risk assessment and climate adaptation strategies.
Assessing the Potential of the Digital Economy in Agriculture
Authors: Akmarov P B , Knyazeva O P , Tretyakova E S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Today Russian agriculture is one of the most stable and dynamically developing branches of economy. Huge labour and material resources have been accumulated in this sector. Agriculture employs almost 6% of the country’s human resources, which produce 4.5% of the gross domestic product. The main resource that determines the prospects of agricultural production are land resources, the size of which Russia ranks third in the world. This huge potential has been underused to date. The reason for such position of the industry is backward material and technical base, insufficient level of human resources development and almost complete absence of digitalization. At the same time, there are huge opportunities for modernization of the industry. The country’s food security and development of export potential make agriculture a high-tech industry capable not only of providing food for itself but also for many countries around the world. They can create opportunities to introduce innovative developments that did not exist before and stimulate managerial decisions. The article deals with problematic issues of the development of digitalization of agriculture in the context of expanding the scope of information technologies. It shows the bottlenecks that hinder the wide spread of the digital economy in agriculture. An overview of government programs aimed at the dissemination of information technologies is given. The dynamics of development of innovative technologies in the agro-industrial complex of Russia, their dependence on the investments made, is shown. The main directions of digital transformation of agriculture and scientific and technological development in the field of "smart agriculture" are highlighted.
Sexual Stimulation of Sows as One of the Factors of Increasing the Provision with Pork the Population of the Russian Federation
Authors: Lishchuk A , Malakhova N , Piskunova O 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Today the development of pig breeding is one of the most perspective lines in animal husbandry, capable of providing the population with high-quality and affordable agricultural products. One of the ways to improve the efficiency of pig breeding is increasing the productivity of animals. The increasing of animals’ productivity is possible only with using of deep knowledge of the relationship between organism and the environment. New reproduction technologies, keeping and hog growing are inevitably accompanied by industrial stresses, which create the preconditions for a weakening of the overall condition of the body and decrease in hormonal status, which leads to a violation of the ovulatory response of the ovaries, a lessening conception rate and sows birth rate, to lengthening of the pork production cycle, and to decreasing in the profitability of the industry. The article describes the results of studies carried out in the conditions of LLC "Znamensky SGC" of the Oryol region, on the study of the hormonal status of sows, diagnosed with ovarian hypofunction and a method of its correction for the formation of full sexual cycle.
Risk System and Railway Safety
Authors: Bulakh M , Okorokov A , Baranovskyi D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
When organizing transport processes on the railway, the most important component is the safety of railway traffic. Each country has a separate approach for assessing the safety of railway traffic on domestic railways. However, railway safety and other modes of transport is associated with technical or managerial risks. Assessment of the safety condition of traffic on Ukrainian railways is carried out by absolute and specific indicators resulting from statistical data. So far as the existing methodology for assessing the level of railway traffic safety does not provide a real and adequate picture, the problem of developing a risk system is relevant. The paper presents a risk system for assessing the level of actual and predicted safety of railway traffic. The risk system includes general, local, technological and technical risks. Each risk has a quantitative characteristic and can be applied to assess the safety of the railway traffic. The developed risk system is implemented as an application program and implemented at the railway enterprises of Ukraine. The presented system of risks and their posterior and priori values allow us to characterize the real state of railway traffic safety for the study period. Based on the obtained values of posteriori and priori risks, it is possible to characterize the actual and predicted safety of the railway traffic.
Innovative Techniques in the Mechanization of Beekeeping
Authors: Komlatsky V I , Komlatsky G V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The innovative development of the agro-industrial complex determines the need for mechanization of all sectors, including beekeeping, through the creation and implementation of technologically interconnected machines and beekeeping equipment. Together, they must ensure the crowding out of manual labor at all stages of production and processing of bee products, create comfortable working conditions, and relieve beekeepers of manual loading of beehives during the nomadic period. Ultimately, the stress load on the bees will decrease and honey collection will increase. The aim of the research was to study the level of mechanization in Russian beekeeping and develop proposals for the technological transformation of the industry. In the course of the research, a scientific substantiation of the principles of industrial beekeeping was formulated, based on the use of the most rational methods of beekeeping. Due to the mechanization of labor-intensive processes (selection and distribution of honeycombs, pumping and processing honey, the use of mobile honey-pollinating complexes), it is possible to simplify the maintenance of bees and achieve high labor productivity.
Methods of Implementation of the Review of the Space of Parametric Profiler
Authors: Kirichenko I A , Starchenko I B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of the theoretical justification of the method for implementing the survey of the parametric profiler. With all the advantages of using nonlinear effects and hydroacoustic systems in a parametric transmitting mode for profiling the bottom and bottom sediments, the disadvantage is the small area of the bottom surface, scanned by the transmitting array of the profiler, which leads to the need to choose the method of scanning and sensing modes of the parametric profiler for a vertical profiling scheme. The analysis of the main methods of scanning, such as scanning in two planes with a phased receiving-transmitting array, the use of several phased arrays that scan by sector and scanning by the movement of the antenna carrier, allowed us to determine the main advantages and disadvantages of each method of viewing. The results of the theoretical study allowed us to evaluate the method of scanning by the movement of the antenna carrier and obtain expressions for the stages of the full scanning cycle, as well as to calculate the values of the follow-up period in the radiation mode for the values of the number of wave periods of the difference frequency of the radiated acoustic signal and the distance from the bottom of the transmitting antenna that are most common in real conditions of profiling bottom structures.
Social Identity and Values of Managers, as a Factor in Increasing the Effectiveness of Corporate Training
Authors: Pismieniuk E S , Korobova S U 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The research explores the dynamics in social identity and values of managers through corporate learning experience. The sample comprised 80 managers aged 23-45fromUral businesses. In the course of the study, the sample of managers was divided into two groups: an experimental group, whose managers passed corporate training; and a control group, whose managers did not take part in corporate training. Corporate talent training was part of life-long learning (LLL) in the company. Through corporate training, managers got feedback on the level of their professional competencies and future opportunities for their growth.
The research uncovered differences in the dynamics of social identity and values among managers of the experimental and control groups. The experimental group of managers featured an upward trend in social and role identity with status and resource roles and the choice of “career (success)” value through the learning experience and the obtained feedback in follow-up of the training. The control group failed to express any dynamics in social and role identity and choose any statistically significant values. It has been proved that corporate training and feedback encourages employees to drive their own professional competencies and improve their professional expertise with the value focus on building a career in the company. The dynamics in social identity and values of managers serves as a resource for changes reflecting the features of corporate culture.
Economical, Legal and Socio-Cultural Approaches to Geophagia
Authors: Bashkirova N N , Lessovaia S N 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGeophagia, which is a phenomenon of earth-eating, was defined as the deliberate ingestion of soil or clay, and related materials by man and animals. Corresponding to recent findings in medicine it can target the neutralization of aflatoxins in food. Geophagia was considered as a very common feature of everyday life in Asian and African countries with deep ethnical and traditional roots. The aim of this research is to investigate the legal basis and to assess the socio – cultural basement and economical potential of the phenomenon of geophagia. As the result of the research some approaches to the adjustment of such phenomenon to the challenges of the current situation including industrial and anthropogenic influences were proposed. Consideration of the phenomenon of geophagia as a part of ethnomedicine with the necessity of governmental support of follow- up research and educational programs for people in communities, in which geophagia is widespread was proved.
The reduction of nonlinear response in near-surface layers by adjusting the electric field amplitude
Authors: Savotchenko S E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work, we use a special nonlinear dependence of dielectric permittivity to study theoretically the effect of a decrease in the nonlinear response in near-surface layers of a medium, which occurs with an increase in the amplitude of the electric field. We propose a model of nonlinearity in which the Kerr-type nonlinearity abruptly disappears with an increase in the field, and the dielectric permittivity becomes constant and independent of the field. Increasing the electric field leads to the formation of a local zone (optical domain) near the surface with linear optical properties where the dielectric permittivity becomes independent of the electric field. We formulate a nonlinear equation with stepwise dependence of the dielectric permittivity on electric field, and obtain its two types of exact solutions corresponding to the surface waves in media with positive (self-focusing) and negative (defocusing) nonlinear responses. We calculate and analyze the total power flows of thesurface waves of both types. We discuss in detail the features of the obtained solutions in comparison with previously published results. It is shown that the choice of a crystal with an appropriate nonlinear response makes it possible to increase or decrease the field intensity near the crystal surface with practically the same thickness of the near-surface layer with altered optical properties.