bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between erosive tooth wear and diet, hygiene habits and health awareness in adolescents aged 15 in Poland
Authors: Rusyan E. , Grabowska E. , Strużycka I. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of erosive tooth wear (ETW) and risk indicators in the population of adolescents aged 15 in Poland.

Methods
Erosive tooth wear in 2639 participants was determined by calibrated examiners according to the BEWE scoring system, and the prevalence of risk factors was assessed on the basis of a survey.

Results
Erosive tooth wear was reported in 24.3% of participants. Initial loss of surface (BEWE 1) was the predominant finding, observed in 21.3% of participants. Hard tissue loss (BEWE 2 and 3) occurred very rarely, only in 3% of participants. Acidic diet, masculine gender and lower socio-economic status were associated with higher prevalence and severity of erosive lesions in the examined population.

Conclusion
Two modifiable factors—acidic diet and low health awareness—were found to be highly unsatisfactory in the adolescents aged 15 in Poland. Accordingly, to prevent the deterioration of the functionality and aesthetics of the teeth in young people, certain measures, such as routine clinical examination, education, dietary consulting and prophylaxis, should be implemented as early as possible, focusing predominantly on families with lower socio-economic status.
Prospektive und prozessbezogene Kompetenzanalyse im Digitalisierungskontext – Gestaltung und Erprobung eines Vorgehens
Authors: Depenbusch Sarah , Bender Elena , Schaper Niclas 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge der Digitalisierung von Arbeits- und Geschäftsprozessen ist es wichtig, Kompetenzanforderungen zukunftsbezogen und konkret zu ermitteln, um Entwicklungsbedarfe frühzeitig zu erkennen. Dieser Beitrag untersucht daher, wie zukünftige Kompetenzen zugleich prospektiv und prozessbezogen erfasst werden können. Dazu wird ein Vorgehen erprobt, welches verschiedene Verfahren der Anforderungsanalyse integriert. In der gegenwartsbezogenen Analysephase werden zunächst die Kompetenzen ermittelt, die für den Prozess vor dessen digitaler Veränderung relevant sind, und in gegenwarts- und prozessbezogenen Kompetenzprofilen zusammengefasst. In der zukunftsbezogenen Analysephase werden anschließend die für den veränderten, digitalisierten Prozess erforderlichen Kompetenzen hergeleitet und in zukunfts- und prozessbezogenen Kompetenzprofilen abgebildet. Die Kompetenzerhebung erfolgt in beiden Analysephasen mittels Experteninterviews, in denen dieselben Befragungsinstrumente eingesetzt werden. Durch einen Vergleich der gegenwarts- und zukunftsbezogenen Kompetenzprofile lassen sich schließlich zukünftige Kompetenzentwicklungsbedarfe der Mitarbeitenden prozessbezogen und prospektiv ableiten.Praktische Relevanz: Das Vorgehen ermöglicht Unternehmen die prospektive und prozessbezogene Erfassung zukünftig relevanter Kompetenzen und Entwicklungsbedarfe sowie die Gestaltung individueller und prozessorientierter Kompetenzentwicklungsmaßnahmen, insbesondere im Digitalisierungskontext. Die prospektive Ableitung des zukünftigen Entwicklungsbedarfs ist wichtig, um technologisch mit dem digitalen Wandel Schritt zu halten und die Mitarbeitenden dabei proaktiv mit einzubeziehen.
Einflussfaktoren auf die Nutzungsintention von Pflegekräften zur Verwendung digitaler Technologien in der ambulanten Pflege – Fallstudie zur Einführung eines Sensortextils
Authors: Güsken Sarah Ranjana , Frings Katrin , Zafar Faizan , Saltan Timur , Fuchs-Frohnhofen Paul , Bitter-Krahe Jan 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDurch die steigende Arbeitsbelastung in der Pflegebranche werden Arbeitsprozesse zunehmend digitalisiert. Die Folge eines unzureichenden Einbezugs von Pflegekräften in diesen Digitalisierungsprozess zeigt sich in schlecht integrierten technologischen Entwicklungen mit ausbleibender Technikakzeptanz. Um eine Basis für eine erfolgreiche Technikentwicklung in der ambulanten Pflege legen zu können, gilt es zunächst die Nutzungsabsicht ambulanter Pflegekräfte besser zu verstehen. Zur Untersuchung der Nutzungsabsicht wird in dieser Arbeit ein Modell entwickelt, das Einflussfaktoren auf die Nutzungsintention von digitalen Technologien in der ambulanten Pflege anhand einer Fallstudie zur Einführung einer textilen Sensormatte aufzeigt. Im entwickelten Modell wird erstmals neben der Technikakzeptanz auch die Pflegesituation als Einflussfaktor auf die Nutzungsintention betrachtet und untersucht. Neben der Herleitung der Faktoren des Modells und der Untersuchung der Stärke ihrer Einflüsse wird die praktische Relevanz für Technikentwickler*innen auch in anderen Pflegekontexten abgeleitet.Praktische Relevanz: Der demographische Wandel in der deutschen Bevölkerung führt zu großen Herausforderungen in unterschiedlichen Branchen. In der ohnehin bereits stark vom Fachkräftemangel betroffenen Pflegebranche macht sich dieser Wandel besonders in einer Zunahme pflegebedürftiger Menschen in der ambulanten Pflege und einer hohen Arbeitsbelastung der Beschäftigten bemerkbar. Zur Reduktion dieser Arbeitsbelastung werden daher vermehrt digitale Technologien verwendet, die den Arbeitsalltag von Pflegekräften hinsichtlich physischer und psychischer Faktoren erleichtern sollen. Das in dieser Studie entwickelte Modell beschreibt – auf Basis eines Fallbeispiels zur Einführung einer Sensormatte – förderliche und hinderliche Faktoren für die Technikeinführung in der ambulanten Pflege und trägt so zu einer gelingenden Digitalisierung in diesem Berufsbereich bei.
Kompatibilität aus der Perspektive des Designs
Authors: Kießling Marion 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungErgonomen wie Designer planen Mensch-Maschine-Systeme mit dem Ziel, den technischen Teil des Systems den menschlichen Eigengesetzlichkeiten anzupassen – Kompatibilität der Maschine mit dem Menschen herzustellen. Trotz des gemeinsamen Ziels gehen beide Disziplinen unterschiedlich mit dieser Aufgabe um und nutzen dafür unterschiedliche Begriffe. Hier werden die in der Gestaltung wichtigen Aspekte beschrieben: Was macht gute Kommunikation innerhalb des Mensch-Maschine-Systems aus? Was meinen Designer, wenn sie von der Funktion eines Produktes sprechen? Wie stellt sich die Paßgenauigkeit, das Maß der Kompatibilität, aus Sicht der Designer dar? Wie werden Erkenntnisse aus der Gestaltpsychologie und der Wahrnehmungspsychologie umgesetzt?Gestalter gehen insbesondere auf die emotionalen, gesellschaftlichen und ästhetischen Bedürfnisse der Nutzer ein. Sie beschäftigen sich mit der Vorstellung, dem Konzept des Nutzers von dem Objekt, mit dem er interagiert und versuchen ihn dort abzuholen.Je genauer diese Passung mit Einzelprodukten und ganzen Systemen gelingt, umso besser ist die Akzeptanz und der Anreiz, die Mensch-Maschine-Systeme auszureizen, ja zu genießen.Ästhetik betrifft die Wahrnehmung und die Entscheidungsprozesse. Sie ist keine oberflächliche Dreingabe, die Designer einem technischen Produkt aufsetzen, sondern berühren die fundamentalen Bedürfnisse der Menschen. Diese Produkte funktionieren schön, sie weisen eine um die ästhetischen Aspekte erweiterte Kompatibilität auf.Praktische Relevanz: Technische Kompatibilität kommt erst zum Tragen, wenn das Gerät wirklich benutzt wird. Genutzt wird es, wenn der Nutzer über die praktische Funktion hinaus einen emotionalen Mehrwert (Joy of Use) vermutet.
Vertical profile of the clear-sky aerosol direct radiative effect in an Alpine valley, by the synergy of ground-based measurements and radiative transfer simulations
Authors: Fasano Gabriele , Diémoz Henri , Fountoulakis Ilias , Cassardo Claudio , Kudo Rei , Siani Anna Maria , Ferrero Luca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAtmospheric aerosols play an important role in Earth’s radiative balance, directly interacting with solar radiation or influencing cloud formation and properties. In order to assess their radiative impact, it is necessary to accurately characterise their optical properties, together with their spatial and vertical distribution. The information on aerosol vertical profile is often scarce, in particular in mountainous, complex terrains. This study presents the first attempt to evaluate the shortwave aerosol direct radiative effect in the Aosta Valley, a mountainous region in the Northwestern Italian Alps. Ground-based, remote sensing instruments (a sky radiometer and an Automated Lidar Ceilometer) are used to derive two descriptions of the aerosol properties and vertical distribution: a first, more accurate description, which includes the whole spectral information about the aerosol extinction coefficient, phase function and single scattering albedo; a second, more approximate one, which only relies on spectrally constant values of aerosol single scattering albedo and asymmetry factor. This information is used as input for radiative transfer simulations, which allow to estimate, in cloudless conditions, the shortwave aerosol direct radiative effect and the vertical profile of the instantaneous heating rates in the lower layers of the atmosphere. The simulations obtained with the two descriptions do not differ significantly: they highlight a strong surface dimming (between − 25 and − 50 W m− 2) due to the presence of aerosol, with a considerable radiative absorption inside the atmospheric column (around + 30 W m− 2), and an overall small cooling effect for the Earth-atmospheric system. The absorption of solar radiation within the atmospheric column due to aerosol leads to instantaneous heating rates up to 1.5 K day− 1 in the tropospheric layers below 6 km a.s.l. These results show that, in some conditions, the shortwave aerosol direct radiative effect can be considerable even in this Alpine environment, usually considered as relatively pristine (yearly average PM10 concentration about 20 μg m− 3).
Measuring advanced theory of mind: Do story‐based tasks work?
Authors: Białecka‐Pikul Marta , Szpak Marta , Zubek Julian , Stępień‐Nycz Małgorzata , Kołodziejczyk Anna , Bosacki Sandra , Homer Bruce D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionAlthough much is known about theory of mind (ToM) development during childhood, data on how these skills develop in adolescence is scarce. This cavity is due in part to the limited knowledge about measures of advanced theory of mind.MethodsThe study examined the relation among six common story‐based tasks designed to measure advanced ToM in two age groups of Polish adolescents: early (13‐year‐olds; 78 girls) and late (16‐year‐olds; 143 girls) adolescents.ResultsFactor models for individual tasks were constructed, followed by an examination of the underlying structure that explained the variability of factor scores. Only in half of the tasks, the results revealed an age‐related increase in advanced ToM. Contrary to expectation, results showed a lack of correlations among story‐based advanced ToM tasks in the two adolescent groups.ConclusionsThe results suggest a lack of coherence among advanced story‐based ToM tasks and the need for further development of reliable and valid advanced ToM measures which are sensitive enough to show increasingly complex social reasoning abilities in adolescence.
AN UNKNOWN PREFACE FROM DIODORUS’ BIBLIOTHÊKÊ (BOOK 34)?
Authors: Wozniczka Piotr 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with two fragments (34/35.2.25–6 and 2.33) from Diodorus’ Bibliothêkê that are unanimously considered to belong to the narrative of the First Slave Revolt in Sicily (Book 34). It is the main concern of this paper to demonstrate that they most likely did not, but instead originate from an unknown preface to Book 34. The article begins with a brief introduction into Diodorus’ prefaces and discusses the Byzantine transmission of both fragments. Against this backdrop, three main steps are consecutively applied to prove the hypothesis. First, the narrative order of both fragments within the Byzantine collections is re-examined. Furthermore, the paper establishes a thematic and argumentative relationship between the two fragments. In the last step, the structure and the style of both fragments are analysed.
Rapidly progressive hearing loss occurring over weeks: review of differential diagnoses
Authors: Lee C W , Walters H , Steele H , Stafford F 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSudden hearing loss, or progressive hearing loss occurring over months to years, are well-established presentations. However, little is described in the medical literature on how to approach patients presenting with a rapidly progressive hearing loss occurring over weeks. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of patients presenting with rapidly progressive hearing loss.MethodsA case of rapidly progressive hearing loss occurring over 12 weeks is presented. A PubMed literature review was performed to determine the evidence-based differential diagnoses for rapidly progressive hearing loss.ResultsFifteen causes were identified for rapidly progressive hearing loss: intracranial aetiologies (meningioma, lymphoma, metastatic deposit, cavernous angioma, meningitis, superficial siderosis); paraneoplastic syndrome (small cell lung carcinoma, thymoma); inflammatory or autoimmune disorders (autoimmune inner-ear disease, sarcoidosis, vasculitis, Sjögren's syndrome); infective disorders (syphilis, human immunodeficiency virus); and medication-induced causes.ConclusionRapidly progressive hearing loss should be considered a ‘red flag’ symptom that warrants urgent action. Most causes are systemic or sinister in nature, and the patient's hearing loss can potentially be reversed.
Australidea (Malmideaceae, Lecanorales), a new genus of lecideoid lichens, with notes on the genus Malcolmiella
Authors: Kantvilas Gintaras , Wedin Mats , Svensson Måns 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe new genus Australidea Kantvilas, Wedin & M. Svensson is described to accommodate Lecidea canorufescens Kremp., a widespread lichen in temperate Australasia. It is characterized by a crustose thallus with a green photobiont, reddish brown, biatorine apothecia with an internally hyaline, cupulate proper exciple constructed of branched and anastomosing hyphae, mainly simple paraphyses, 8-spored, Porpidia-type asci and simple, hyaline, non-halonate ascospores. A phylogenetic analysis places the new genus in the family Malmideaceae. Lecidea canorufescens Kremp., L. glandulosa C. Knight, L. immarginata R. Br. ex Cromb. and L. intervertens Nyl. are lectotypified. These names, plus L. dacrydii Müll. Arg. and L. eucheila Zahlbr., are all synonyms of Australidea canorufescens (Kremp.) Kantvilas, Wedin & M. Svensson comb. nov. Several genera superficially similar to Australidea, including Malcolmiella Vĕzda, Malmidea Kalb et al. and Myochroidea Printzen et al., are compared. A comprehensive anatomical and morphological description of the genus Malcolmiella, recorded for Tasmania for the first time, is also provided. The new combination M. interversa (Nyl.) Kantvilas, Wedin & M. Svensson is introduced and the names M. cinereovirens Vĕzda and M. cinereovirens var. isidiata Vĕzda are reduced to synonyms. The systematic position of this genus remains unclear, although phylogenetic analysis suggests its affinities lie with a group of genera that includes Bryobilimbia Fryday et al., Romjularia Timdal and Clauzadea Hafellner & Bellem.
Callose depositions underlie the incompatible reaction in intergeneric crosses of rice
Authors: Kaur Karminderbir , Gupta Mehak , Vikal Yogesh , Singh Kuldeep , Neelam Kumari 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDistant hybridization of cereals is often impaired by fertilization barriers. Haploid induction through intergeneric crossing is well developed in wheat but has not been successful in rice due to incompatibility issues. The present study was thus undertaken to identify fertilization barriers that hinder the compatibility of the rice cultivar Punjab Rice 121 with maize and pearl millet lines as pollinators. A total of 37,357 spikelets were pollinated, yielding 494 caryopses upon supplementation with auxins. The resultant caryopses, arising from true intergeneric crosses, lacked embryos. Imaging of the pollinated pistils at different intervals indicated that intense callose depositions block the release of generative nuclei to the ovule in these wide crosses. Rice spikelets pollinated with rice pollen (cis-generic crosses) exhibited positive indicators of fertilization reaction at the micropyle. While the cis-generic crosses initiated true caryopsis formation after 24 h, no comparative reaction was observed in the intergeneric crosses. The current survey underlines that the rice female gametophyte presents a strong pre-fertilization barrier to foreign pollen. This barrier may be modulated in the future by altering genotype and auxin combinations.
A Reconstruction of Total Solar Irradiance Based on Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Xu Haijun , Lei Bin , Li Zhen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs an important indicator of solar activity, the long‐term total solar irradiance (TSI) observations are needed to uncover the impact of solar activity on Earth's climate. In this paper, the periodic variation of TSI and its relationships with sunspot number and Ca II K index are analyzed by using the satellite observation data from 1979 to 2015 and the wavelet method. The results of continuous wavelet analysis show that TSI, sunspot number and Ca II K index all have significant and stable oscillation periods of 9∼13 years and intermittent oscillation periods of 2∼6 months only during the time of intense solar activity. Moreover, the results of cross wavelet analysis indicate that the effect of sunspot number and Ca II K index on TSI is mainly reflected in the period of 9∼13 years with one month phase lag, and sunspot number and Ca II K index cannot explain the TSI variation in the period of 3∼6 months. Under the condition of considering the phase relationship and the model order, the TSI reconstruction model is established and the monthly TSI time series from 1907 to 1978 is restored.
Driving Parameters for Multi‐MeV Electrons Flux Variations in Outer Radiation Belt
Authors: Behailu G. , Nigussie M. , Reeves G. D. , Wing S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Earth's outer radiation belt is highly dynamic and the variations of multi‐MeV electrons flux in the region depend on solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field () parameters. This study attempts to characterize the causality and timing of the solar wind and IMF parameter activities on the outer radiation belt environment based on three tools: time shifted cross correlation, mutual information, and transfer entropy statistical analysis. The Van Allen Probes mission measurements of multi‐MeV (3.4–6.3 MeV) electrons flux data in the period from January 01, 2017 to December 31, 2018 have been used. The results indicate that the information transfer from solar wind and IMF parameters into multi‐MeV electrons flux is dependent on the kind of driving parameter, range of L‐shell, and energy of electrons. The result identifies the rank of driving parameters based on their maximum values in the correlation and information transfer analysis. Thus, solar wind velocity is the dominant driving parameter for the variation of multi‐MeV electrons flux in the outer radiation belt. Given three ranges of L‐shell (, and ), with decreasing L‐shell values the maximum information transfer from driving parameters into electron flux decreases and the lag time increases. Such dependency analysis can help to select the model parameters that influence the variation of multi‐MeV electrons flux and improve the existed models of the dynamical system.
A 1‐Million‐Year Record of Environmental Change in the Central Mediterranean Sea From Organic Molecular Proxies
Authors: Martínez‐Dios Ariadna , Pelejero Carles , Cobacho Sara , Movilla Juancho , Dinarès‐Turell Jaume , Calvo Eva 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Mediterranean Sea is particularly sensitive to climate oscillations and represents a key location to study past climatic and oceanographic changes. One valuable source of paleoceanographic information is through molecular biomarkers in deep sea sediments. This approach has been applied in a number of studies in this basin, but only covering the most recent glacial/interglacial cycles. Here we present, for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea, a molecular biomarker record from the Strait of Sicily that covers the last million years until the present, almost continuously. We present data on alkenone derived index sea surface temperatures (SST) and provide insights on the evolution of the phytoplankton community composition and terrestrial inputs through the analysis of the concentrations of alkenones, brassicasterol and long‐chain alcohols. The ‐SST record followed a climatic evolution modulated by glacial/interglacial cycles with a marked increase in the 100 kyr‐amplitude of the glacial cycles at ∼430 ka, coincident with the Mid‐Brunhes transition. In addition, SSTs were consistently higher compared with other records in the western Mediterranean, indicative of the progressive warming that surface waters experience along their transit from the Strait of Gibraltar to the Central Mediterranean. Regarding the concentrations of alkenones and brassicasterol, they displayed distinct alternate peaks, some of them coeval with the deposition of sapropels. This suggests that different environmental and oceanographic conditions characterized each sapropel which, together with changes in terrestrial inputs and the degree of oligotrophy, induced the alternate proliferation of coccolithophores and diatoms.
Consensus Equilibrium for Subsurface Delineation
Authors: Yang Hyung Jun , Lin Youzuo , Wohlberg Brendt , Tartakovsky Daniel M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHeterogeneity and insufficient site characterization limit our knowledge of the subsurface. Inversion techniques, which minimize the mismatch between observations and model predictions, have become an essential tool of subsurface characterization. Most optimization‐based approaches fail to incorporate various implicit priors and capture the geological complexity. We overcome these limitations by deploying the plug‐and‐play and consensus equilibrium (CE) strategies, which provide a flexible framework for image reconstruction. Our CE methodology for spatial delineation of geologic formations consists of an image denoiser and a variational auto‐encoder (deep learning‐based emulator). The former ameliorates the reconstruction noise, yielding well‐defined geological structures; its mathematical equivalence with the proximal operator allows the deployment of advanced denoisers (e.g., CNN‐based denoiser) that do not correspond to a regularization objective. The latter defines a geology prior that imposes a geological constraint, for example, continuity and shape of geological features, onto the reconstructed image. We conduct a series of numerical experiments dealing with transient two‐dimensional flow driven by a pumping well and natural hydraulic head gradient. They demonstrate the CE framework's ability to delineate, both probabilistically and deterministically, complex subsurface environments with sufficient quality.