bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Bidirectional Relationship Between Intrinsic Capacity and Catastrophic Health Expenditure in China: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kang Yuting , Shi Hong , Zhang Jie , Meng Xue , Zhang Chi , Shen Ji , Zhang Pengjun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Intrinsic capacity (IC), as a potential proxy for healthy aging, guidance on framing the concept is limited. Furthermore, research on the relationship between IC and catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) is scarce. The current study aims to construct a validated IC framework using structural equation modeling (SEM) and examine such an association among older adults in China.

Methods
Using a 4-year prospective observational study, we enrolled 5 427 participants from Wave 1 and Wave 3 in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study for analysis. The SEM was used to construct IC score, and assessed its association with medical and financial burdens by using negative binomial regression and logistic mixed-effects models, where financial burden was defined as CHE according to the World Bank definitions.

Results
The SEM results showed a clear 5-subfactor structure for IC. After adjustment for potential confounders, the populations with poor and moderate IC had 1.927 times (95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]: 1.559–2.382) and 1.548 times (95% CI: 1.281–1.872) higher risk for inpatient visits in comparison with the group showing high IC, respectively, and also experiencing 2.163 times (95% CI: 1.674–2.795) and 1.687 times (95% CI: 1.347–2.112) risk for CHE, respectively.

Conclusions
Our analysis with both cross-sectional and longitudinal representative national data provided an extensive picture of the adverse effects of IC loss, demonstrating that a favorable IC is important to reduce medical and financial burden. IC is applicable to more widely as a usual clinical assessment tool to reduce effectively health burden.
Black Carbon Air Pollution and Incident Mortality among the Advance-Aged Adults in China: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhu Anna , Kan Haidong , Shi Xiaoming , Zeng Yi , Ji John S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
We aimed to assess associations between black carbon (BC) and non-accidental mortality among advance-aged adults in China.

Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study in 22 provinces of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. We calculated concentrations of 3-year average BC, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and other PM2.5 components (SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, and organic matter) at individual levels. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess dose-response BC exposure on non-accidental mortality, adjusted for total PM2.5, green space, temperature, humidity, and demographic covariates.

Results
We studied 12,873 participants, with a median age of 88 years and 57.4% females. For a median follow-up of 4 years, we observed 7,426 mortality events. The mean 3-year average BC and total PM2.5 exposure concentrations were 3.49 and 66.97 μg/m3, respectively. An increase of 1 μg/m3 in BC was associated with a 39% increase in mortality risks (HR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.43), notably higher than the corresponding increase in mortality risks linked to total PM2.5 (HR: 1.003, 95% CI: 1.002, 1.004). The stratified analyses show that people living in rural areas, with lower social and leisure activity index, and lower physical activity, were at greater risk from BC exposure.

Conclusions
BC is a strong predictor of mortality, with a higher effect estimate compared with total PM2.5 and other PM2.5 components, particularly in rural populations. While total PM2.5 has been a target indicator of clean air policy interventions, our results indicate that BC concentration should be routinely measured, reported, and studied to improve public health.
Psychological insight as an effect of inspiring narratives: validating the psychological insight self-report scale
Authors: Igartua Juan-José , Oliver Mary Beth , González-Vázquez Alejandro , Piñeiro-Naval Valeriano , Marcos-Ramos María , Rodríguez-Contreras Laura 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This article presents the results of two experiments in which participants were exposed to audiovisual narratives (Study 1, N = 245) and to short written narratives (Study 2, N = 360) with high or low inspiring potential so as to validate a measurement instrument to assess psychological insight (Psychological Insight Self-Report Scale). Insight is defined as a reception process involving sudden discovery and the sensation of experiencing a state of enlightenment or inner revelation through exposure to inspiring narratives. The results of our research confirm the structural, criterion, construct, and incremental validity of the scale. Our work furthers the advancement of media entertainment research regarding the impact of eudaimonic messages by providing a new construct (psychological insight) to explain the effects of inspiring narratives.
Temporal variations in the non-linear relationships between metro ridership and the built environment: insights from interpretable machine learning using four-year data
Authors: Yang Linchuan , Peng Ying’ao , Chen Jie , Liu Yanan , Yang Haosen 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Understanding the association between metro ridership and the built environment is crucial for promoting integrated transportation and land use planning. However, prior research has rarely examined the temporally varying and/or non-linear associations between metro ridership and the built environment. To address this gap, this study collects metro ridership data in Chengdu, China, for January of each year between 2019 and 2022 and uses light gradient-boosting machine and SHapley Additive exPlanations models to examine the complex, non-linear associations between metro ridership and the built environment over 4 years. Our findings highlight the non-linear nature of the built environment’s influence. The key predictors remained relatively stable throughout the years, including the number of entrances (the top predictor across all years), employment density, and the floor area ratio. However, the influence of built environment factors, such as land-use mix, residential micro-district density, and distance to the city center, shows great temporal variations, underscoring the importance of incorporating temporal dynamics into analyses of the interactions between metro ridership and the built environment. This study offers a valuable reference for urban and transportation planners in crafting tailored policies for station-area transit-oriented development.
Graded supplemental choline chloride fed throughout the grow and finish periods elicited minimal influence on growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs in a commercial setting
Authors: Sommer Kaitlyn M , Burris Elli S , Jespersen Julianna C , Estes Kari , Dilger Anna C , Dilger Ryan N 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Choline is vital in a variety of physiological processes that influence brain development, growth, and carcass characteristics in birds and mammals. In this study, we investigated the influence of graded supplemental choline chloride on growth performance, carcass quality, and liver characteristics in grow-finish pigs. Pigs (672 barrows and 588 gilts) were obtained from a commercial nursery facility at 8 weeks of age and assigned to treatment based on body weight and sex, with 21 same-sex pigs comprising a replicate pen. Each dietary treatment was provided to 15 replicate pens, with 8 pens of barrows and 7 pens of gilts per each of 4 dietary treatments, which included: 1) C0, basal diet containing 0% of supplemental choline chloride; 2) C300, C0 + 0.06% supplemental choline chloride, to provide 300 mg/kg of choline ions; 3) C600, C0 + 0.12% supplemental choline chloride, to provide 600 mg/kg of choline ions; and 4) C900, C0 + 0.17% supplemental choline chloride, to provide 900 mg/kg of choline ions. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the study, and pigs were managed using standard commercial practices. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with factors including dietary treatment and sex. There was no dietary impact (P &gt; 0.05) on growth performance. Pigs receiving intermediate levels of supplemental choline had higher (P &lt; 0.05) tenderloin weights compared with other dietary treatments. Furthermore, and as expected, sex differences were denoted in both growth performance and carcass characteristics. Overall, graded supplementation of choline chloride did not significantly alter growth performance or carcass characteristics of pigs raised in a commercial setting.
Black fly diversity and molecular detection of blood parasites in Simulium khelangense (Diptera, Simuliidae) from Laos
Authors: Gomontean Bhuvadol , Jumpato Waraporn , Namtaku San , Wannasingha Wannachai , Wongpakam Komgrit , Thanee Isara , Inkhavilay Khamla , Malavong Banchai , Pramual Pairot 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are significant pests and vectors transmitting pathogens to humans and other animals. However, knowledge of species diversity as well as their role as pests and vectors in Laos is limited, despite the country having abundant suitable lotic habitats, that is, running water. In this study, we collected wild adult black fly specimens from Laos. Both morphology and genetic data supported that they were Simulium khelangense Takaoka, Srisuka and Saeung, and therefore, a new distribution record for this species. Screening of the blood protozoa from 106 females detected Leucocytozoon (n = 7) and Trypanosoma (n = 9). Identifications of Leucocytozoon based on cytochrome b sequences in MalAvi database indicated that 5 specimens had identical sequences to those of 4 lineages (GALLUS17 [n = 2], GALLUS35 [n = 1], GALLUS37 [n = 1], and GALLUS41 [n = 1]) of unidentified species (i.e., Leucocytozoon sp.). The remaining 2 had no identical sequences but were very similar (99%) to GALLUS34 and GALLUS41 lineages. Identifications of Trypanosoma based on the small subunit rRNA indicated that all were T. avium. The results presented here further support the role of S. khelangense as a potential vector of Leucocytozoon and Trypanosoma as well as being a possible pest of domestic avian species.
Experimental and computational investigations of RNA duplexes containing N7-regioisomers of adenosine and LNA-adenosine
Authors: Yildirim Ilyas , Andralojc Witold , Taghavi Amirhossein , Baranowski Daniel , Gdaniec Zofia , Kierzek Ryszard , Kierzek Elzbieta 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Although glycosidic bonds in purines typically involve the N9 position, the chemical synthesis of adenosine produces N7-ribofuranosyladenine (7A) as a kinetically favorable ribosylation product. Similarly, in the synthesis of LNA-adenosine (AL), a minor product, N7-LNA-adenosine (7AL), is observed. While extensive research has focused on investigating the properties of N9-regioisomers of adenosine, 7A has been largely overlooked and considered as a side-product. In this study, we conducted comprehensive experimental and computational investigations to elucidate the structural and thermodynamic properties of 7A and 7AL. Our results reveal that 7A and 7AL primarily enhance the thermodynamic stability of 1 × 1 mismatches when paired with purines but decrease stability when paired with pyrimidines. Utilizing nuclear magnetic resonance and computational techniques, we discovered that 1 × 1 7A:A and 7AL:A prefer anti-anti conformations, while 1 × 1 7A:G and 7AL:G prefer syn-anti orientations, both forming two hydrogen bond states, resulting in enhanced duplex stabilities. Altogether, these findings underscore the unique properties of 7A and 7AL when incorporated in RNA, which could advance structure-based RNA studies and potentially be utilized to modulate binding affinity, selectivity and biostability of RNA molecules.
Association Between Vitamin D and COVID-19–Related Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses
Authors: Yang Jia-ming , Li Ze-qin , Zhong Yan-biao , Xie Hui-yong , Luo Yun , Xiao Li , Liao Jing-hai , Wang Mao-yuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context
COVID-19 remains globally pandemic, and although several meta-analyses have explored the association between vitamin D and COVID-19 relative to clinical outcomes, a unified view has not yet emerged.

Objective
To summarize the evidence for associations between vitamin D levels and COVID-19–related clinical outcomes and to assess the strength and validity of these associations.

Data Sources
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases were searched from January 1, 2020, to June 15, 2024.

Data Extraction
Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality.

Data Analysis
Low vitamin D levels increased the risk of infection by 1.26- to 2.18-fold, the risk of severe illness by 1.50- to 5.57-fold, the risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission by more than 2-fold, and the risk of death by 1.22- to 4.15-fold. In addition, patients with vitamin D deficiency had an average increase in length of hospital stay of 0.54 days compared with patients with high vitamin D levels. Overall, vitamin D supplementation may reduce severity (eg, ICU admissions, need for mechanical ventilation) and shorter length of hospital stay but has a nonsignificant effect on infection and mortality rates. In addition, there were significant differences in vitamin D levels between individuals testing positive for COVID-19 and those testing negative (mean difference [MD] = –3.22 ng mL–1; 95% CI, –5.18 to –1.25), those with severe cases and those with mild cases (MD = –4.60 ng mL–1; 95% CI, –5.49 to –3.71), and nonsurvivors and survivors of COVID-19 infection (MD = –6.59 ng mL–1; 95% CI: –8.94 to –4.24).

Conclusions
Low vitamin D levels are associated with higher infection rates, more severe disease, and higher mortality rates among individuals with COVID-19, whereas vitamin D supplementation may reduce patients’ disease severity. The beneficial effects on infection rates and mortality remain to be further explored, however, in higher-quality, randomized controlled studies. Nonetheless, caution is warranted because the methodological quality of most meta-analyses and the level of evidence for most outcomes are very low.

Systematic review registration
PROSPERO registration No. CRD42022385036.
Canopy elastic turbulence: Insights and analogies to canopy inertial turbulence
Authors: Lopez de la Cruz Ricardo Arturo , Haward Simon J , Shen Amy Q 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Canopy flows occur when a moving fluid encounters a matrix of free-standing obstacles and are found in diverse systems, from forests and marine ecology to urban landscapes and biology (e.g. cilia arrays). In large-scale systems, involving Newtonian fluids (like water or air), canopy flows typically exhibit inertial turbulence due to high Reynolds numbers (Re). However, in small-scale systems like cilia, where Re is low, but the fluid can be viscoelastic (like mucus), the relevant control parameter is the Weissenberg number (Wi), quantifying elastic stresses in the flow. Here, we investigate the flow of a viscoelastic polymer solution over a microscopic canopy within a microfluidic device. As the Weissenberg number increases, the flow undergoes distinct transitions, eventually becoming unstable beyond a critical Wi. At high Wi, we observe the emergence of elastic turbulence (ET), a chaotic flow regime that, despite differing underlying mechanisms, exhibits striking similarities to large-scale canopy inertial turbulence. Similar to canopy inertial turbulence, ET within the canopy can be spatially divided into distinct regions: a porous layer within the canopy, a mixing layer at the canopy tips, a transitional region just above the canopy, and a Poiseuille-like flow further up. The separation of the flow into different regions reveals a new analogy between inertial turbulence and ET, providing a fresh insight into ET flows and expanding their potential for innovative microfluidic designs and real-world applications.
Comparative analysis of sleep physiology using qualitative and quantitative criteria for insomnia symptoms
Authors: Lee Ruda , Larson Olivia , Dhaliwal Sammy , Moon Kibum , Gerardy Bethany , de Chazal Philip , Cistulli Peter A , Chen Ning-Hung , Han Fang , Li Qing Yun , Maislin Greg , McArdle Nigel , Penzel Thomas , Schwab Richard J , Tufik Sergio , Magalang Ulysses J , Singh Bhajan , Gislason Thorarinn , Pack Allan I , Keenan Brendan T , Younes Magdy , Gehrman Philip 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Despite decades of research, defining insomnia remains challenging due to its complex and variable nature. Various diagnostic systems emphasize the chronic nature of insomnia and its impact on daily functioning, relying heavily on patient self-reporting due to limitations in objective measures such as polysomnography (PSG). Discrepancies between subjective experiences and objective PSG results highlight the need for more nuanced approaches, such as electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral analysis, which reveals distinct patterns of high-frequency activity in individuals with insomnia. This study explores EEG markers of insomnia by integrating subjective reports with objective physiological markers, specifically ORP (Odds-Ratio-Product) and spectral features, to address inconsistencies found in previous research and clinical settings. Qualitative and quantitative definitions of insomnia are contrasted to highlight differences in sleep architecture and EEG characteristics. The research aims to determine whether groups defined by weekly frequency and daily duration of symptoms have different distribution patterns and which physiological characteristics best distinguish insomnia patients from controls. Our findings suggest that ORP, as a dependent variable, captures the most significant differences in the independent variables across the model. Elevated beta power in insomnia patients indicates increased cortical arousal, supporting the perspective of insomnia as a hyperarousal disorder. Future research should focus on using ORP to enhance the understanding of sleep disturbances in insomnia. Comprehensive evaluation of insomnia requires integrating qualitative, quantitative, and neurophysiological data to fully understand its impact on sleep architecture and quality.
Effects of low acid-binding capacity specialty soy protein sources on nursery pig performance in a commercial environment
Authors: Stas Ethan B , Warner Alan J , Post Zach B , Hastad Chad W , Faccin Jamil E G , Tokach Mike D , Woodworth Jason C , DeRouchey Joel M , Goodband Robert D , Gebhardt Jordan T 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of low acid-binding capacity (ABC) specialty soy protein sources on weanling pig performance. In experiment 1, 2,260 pigs, initially weighed 6.7 kg, were used to determine the effects of low ABC soy proteins as a replacement to poultry meal (PM) or spray-dried blood plasma (SDBP). Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial plus a control diet fed in two phases. There were 20 or 21 pigs per pen with 22 replications (pens) per treatment. The control diet contained PM (AV-E Digest, XFE Products, Des Moines, IA) and SDBP (Appetein, APC Inc., Ankeny, IA). Specialty soy protein concentrate (SSPC; AX3 Digest, Protekta, Newport Beach, CA) and microbial-enhanced soybean meal (MESBM; MEPRO; Prairie Aquatech, Brookings, SD) were used to replace PM or PM and SDBP on a standardized ileal digestible Lys basis. From d 0 to 21 and d 0 to 42, pigs fed either soy protein source replacing PM had greater (P ≤ 0.016) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake than pigs fed PM. From d 0 to 21, pigs fed SSPC had increased (P &lt; 0.001) G:F compared with pigs fed MESBM and those fed either soy protein source replacing SDBP had increased (P = 0.044) G:F compared with pigs fed SDBP. In experiment 2, 1,057 pigs, initially weighed 6.2 kg, were used to determine the effects of diet ABC at a pH of 4 (ABC-4) with specialty soy proteins with or without pharmacological levels of Zn from ZnO. Experimental diets were fed in two phases with 22 pigs per pen and 12 replications per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of ABC-4 (low or high) and pharmacological levels of Zn from ZnO (105 or 2,000 mg/kg). The low ABC-4 diet without ZnO was formulated to 150 and 200 meq/kg using SSPC in phases 1 and 2, respectively. The high ABC-4 diet used enzymatically treated soybean meal (HP 300, Hamlet Protein, Findlay, OH) which increased the ABC-4 by 127 and 104 meq/kg in phases 1 and 2, respectively. From d 0 to 21 and d 0 to 42, there was an ABC-4 × ZnO interaction (P ≤ 0.026) observed where pigs fed low ABC-4 diets had greater (P &lt; 0.05) ADG and G:F than pigs fed high ABC-4 diets without ZnO, but when diets contained added ZnO, there were no differences based on ABC-4. In conclusion, low ABC specialty soy proteins can be used to achieve low dietary ABC-4 levels to improve the performance of weanling pigs and provide a similar response to those fed pharmacological levels of Zn.
Impact of sub-lethal Aclonifen intoxication on biochemical and stress markers on Oncorhynchus mykiss: an integrative assessment of multi-biomarker responses
Authors: Horani Reham Al , Dogan Demet 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Aclonifen is a diphenyl ether herbicide being included in the list of priority substances. Nevertheless, the data related to its sublethal effects on fish are limited. Therefore, the present study has been carried out to investigate the toxic effects of aclonifen in juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss following 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of application to sublethal concentrations of 12.7, 63.5 and 127 μg/L. The application resulted in altered blood biochemistry appearing as hyperglycemia, decreased cholesterol and induced activities of transaminases of ALT and AST. The inhibition of AChE in brain, gill and liver was unimportant revealing its weak potential as anticholinesterase. The induction recorded for SOD, CAT, GPx and GST activities was accompanied with sustained elevation in TBARS and PC levels. It demonstrates both the pro-oxidant potential of aclonifen and oxidation of lipid and proteins resulting in the loss of membrane integrity and protein function. Hyperglycemic condition and decreased protein levels in gill and liver might be proposed as general adaptive responses to compensate increased energy demand. The integrative assessment of multi-biomarker responses shows concentration and duration related rise in calculated indexes. CAT, PC and SOD achieved the maximum scores for brain, gill and liver, respectively. Considering the results, oxidative stress inducing potential and weak anticholinesterase activity along with its disturbing impact on blood biochemistry were evidenced. Moreover, adverse affects observed after short term application on O. mykiss, present the potential risk aclonifen may cause at population level in aquatic ecosystems emphasizing the importance of pesticide regulations to avoid adverse impacts on non-target species.