bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Whither rice health in the lowlands of Asia: Shifts in production situations, injury profiles, and yields
Authors: Savary Serge , Willocquet Laetitia , Castilla Nancy , Nelson Andy , Shankar Singh Uma , Kumar Jatinder , Teng Paul S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEmphasizing connectedness among the many elements of plant‐based systems that are collectively addressed in One Health is a logical outcome of debates generated by the International Year of Plant Health. The notion of One Health was implemented through the joint use of the concepts of production situation (PS)—the “rice way of life”—and injury profile (IP)—rice health (pathogens, animal pests, and weeds)—in a population of 1051 rice farmers’ fields surveyed from 1987 to 2011. Seven associated PSs and nine IPs are characterized. An ending Green Revolution (Period 1) and a post‐Green Revolution (Period 2) are considered. Major changes in PSs and IPs occurred, with increased mineral fertilizer inputs, pesticide applications, and landscape uniformity, along with shortening fallow periods, and dropping labour. Increases or decreases in some injuries lead to shifts in IPs towards more frequent bacterial, flower, and panicle diseases. Yield gain between the two periods was marginal but yield losses to IPs remained unchanged. Yet there was an increase by 77.0%, 21.6%, and 439% for insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, respectively, along with a 27.9% increase in mineral fertilizer inputs. Total factor productivity in rice production dropped by over 40% during the 24 intervening years, not accounting for the long‐term effects of these changes on soil fertility, biodiversity, and scarcer water resource. These results call for urgently required reassessment of public efforts to safeguard these agrosystems that are of critical importance economically, socially, and culturally for roughly half the world's population.
Productivity versus drought adaptation in olive leaves: Comparison of water relations in a modern versus a traditional cultivar
Authors: Barzilai Oded , Avraham May , Sorek Yonatan , Zemach Hanita , Dag Arnon , Hochberg Uri 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe physiological traits that set the tradeoff between productivity and drought adaptation in plants are still under debate. To reveal these traits, we compared the water relations of two olive (Olea europaea) cultivars: “Barnea”—a highly productive modern cultivar; and “Souri”—a drought‐adapted traditional cultivar. We hypothesized that Souri has lower hydraulic conductivity and lower hydraulic vulnerability. The hypothesis was tested at the leaf level. The soil volumetric water content (θ), stem water potential (ΨS), and gas exchange were measured in both cultivars while they dried until a significant reduction in their maximal photochemical potential (Fv/Fm < 0.6) was obtained. Additionally, pressure–volume relations, leaf hydraulic vulnerability, and the petiole xylem architecture were evaluated. To our surprise, Souri's leaf hydraulic conductivity was more vulnerable to low ΨS, approaching zero at −8 MPa compared with <−10 MPa in “Barnea.” At the same time, Souri's higher osmotic content and cell rigidity enabled it to sustain 1.4 MPa lower ΨS, while maintaining near optimal (Fv/Fm). However, both cultivars significantly reduced their Fv/Fm (<0.6) at the same θ, suggesting that the capability to sustain a low θ is not the issue. Instead, Souri's lower transpiration enabled it to withstand a longer drought while avoiding low θ. Barnea's larger xylem vessels and hydraulic conductivity supported higher stomatal conductance (gs) and assimilation rate, which nurtured its higher productivity but resulted in quick depletion of θ. These results suggest that hydraulic resistance or the ability to sustain low θ do not set the tradeoff between productivity and drought adaptation in olive leaves.
Negative effects of long‐term exposure to salinity, drought, and combined stresses on halophyte Halogeton glomeratus
Authors: Lu Yan , Zhang Bo , Li Lei , Zeng Fanjiang , Li Xiangyi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlants are subjected to salt and drought stresses concurrently but our knowledge about the effects of combined stress on plants is limited, especially on halophytes. We aim to study if some diverse drought and salt tolerance traits in halophyte may explain their tolerance to salinity and drought stresses, individual and in combination, and identify key traits that influence growth under such stress conditions. Here, the halophyte Halogeton glomeratus was grown under control, single or combinations of 60 days drought and salt treatments, and morphophysiological responses were tested. Our results showed that drought, salinity, and combination of these two stressors decreased plant growth (shoot height, root length, and biomass), leaf photosynthetic pigments content (chlorophyll a, b, a + b and carotenoids), gas exchange parameters (Net photosynthesis rate [PN], transpiration rate [E], stomatal conductance [gs]), and water potential (ψw), and the decreases were more prominent under combined drought and salinity treatment compared with these two stressors individually performed. Similarly, combined drought and salinity treatment induced more severe oxidative stress as indicated by more hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulated. Nevertheless, H. glomeratus is equipped with specific mechanisms to protect itself against drought and salt stresses, including upregulation of superoxide dismutases (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) and catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) activities and accumulation of osmoprotectants (Na+, Cl−, and soluble sugar). Our results indicated that photosynthetic pigments content, gas exchange parameters, water potential, APX activity, CAT activity, soluble sugar, H2O2, and MDA are valuable screening criteria for drought and salt, alone or combined, and provide the tolerant assessment of H. glomeratus.
ACC deaminase‐producing Brevibacterium linensRS16 enhances heat‐stress tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Choi Jeongyun , Roy Choudhury Aritra , Walitang Denver I. , Lee Yi , Sa Tongmin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe rapid rise in global temperature has adverse effects on rice productivity. The lack of eminent resources for heat stress alleviation is threatening the agricultural sector. Heat stress alleviation by endophytic plant growth‐promoting bacteria (PGPB) can be a sustainable and eco‐friendly approach. The present study was conducted to check the colonization of Brevibacterium linens RS16 producing ACC (1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate) deaminase in the rice endosphere and to characterize its efficiency in enhancing stress tolerance. The ethylene emission pathway, reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations, proline accumulation, expression of glutathione S‐transferase (GST), and small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) were monitored at two different levels of heat stress (40°C and 45°C). Bacterial inoculation decreased ethylene emission levels by 26.9% and 24.4% in rice plants exposed to 40°C and 45°C, respectively, compared with the non‐inoculated plants. B. linens RS16 also enhanced the expression profiles of glutathione S‐transferase. The collective effect of GST expression profiles and decrease in ethylene emission due to bacterial ACC deaminase activity subsequently resulted in a decrease in ROS concentrations. Additionally, HSP16 and HSP26 increased expression in heat‐stressed plants inoculated with B. linens RS16 resulted in enhanced stress tolerance (i.e., lesser proline accumulation) than non‐inoculated plants. Hence, this study demonstrates the bacteria‐mediated tolerance against heat stress by regulating the ethylene emission pathway and upregulating antioxidant enzymes and heat shock proteins.
Laryngeal hypersensitivity and abnormal cough response during mannitol bronchoprovocation challenge
Authors: Lee Joy Wei‐Yan , Tay Tunn Ren , Borg Brigitte M. , Sheriff Neha , Vertigan Anne , Abramson Michael J. , Hew Mark 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveInhalational challenge with dry mannitol powder may potentially induce cough by two mechanisms: airway bronchoconstriction or laryngeal irritation. This prospective observational study investigated laryngeal and bronchial components of cough induced by mannitol challenge.MethodsWe recruited consecutive patients referred for clinical mannitol challenge. The Newcastle Laryngeal Hypersensitivity Questionnaire (LHQ) was administered. Throughout testing, coughs were audio‐recorded to derive a cough frequency index per time and dose of mannitol. Relationships between cough indices, laryngeal hypersensitivity and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) were examined. Participants were classified by cough characteristics with k‐means cluster analysis.ResultsOf 90 patients who underwent challenge, 83 completed both the questionnaire and challenge. Cough frequency was greater in patients with abnormal laryngeal hypersensitivity (p = 0.042), but not in those with BHR. There was a moderate negative correlation between coughs per minute and laryngeal hypersensitivity score (r = −0.315, p = 0.004), with lower LHQ scores being abnormal. Cluster analysis identified an older, female‐predominant cluster with higher cough frequency and laryngeal hypersensitivity, and a younger, gender‐balanced cluster with lower cough frequency and normal laryngeal sensitivity.ConclusionCough frequency during mannitol challenge in our cohort reflected laryngeal hypersensitivity rather than BHR. Laryngeal hypersensitivity was more often present among older female patients. With the incorporation of cough indices, mannitol challenge may be useful to test for laryngeal hypersensitivity as well as BHR.
Breather solutions for a quasi‐linear ‐dimensional wave equation
Authors: Kohler Simon , Reichel Wolfgang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe consider the ‐dimensional quasi‐linear wave equation on that arises in the study of localized electromagnetic waves modeled by Kerr‐nonlinear Maxwell equations. We are interested in time‐periodic, spatially localized solutions. Here is even with and with and the delta‐distribution supported in 0. We assume that 0 lies in a spectral gap of the operators on for all together with additional properties of the fundamental set of solutions of . By expanding into a Fourier series in time, we transfer the problem of finding a suitably defined weak solution to finding a minimizer of a functional on a sequence space. The solutions that we have found are exponentially localized in space. Moreover, we show that they can be well approximated by truncating the Fourier series in time. The guiding examples, where all assumptions are fulfilled, are explicitly given step potentials and periodic step potentials . In these examples, we even find infinitely many distinct breathers.
Correlation of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells with C‐reactive protein, ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase levels in patients with severe COVID‐19
Authors: Emsen Ayca , Sumer Sua , Tulek Baykal , Cizmecioglu Hilal , Vatansev Husamettin , Goktepe Mevlut Hakan , Kanat Fikret , Koksal Yavuz , Arslan Ugur , Artac Hasibe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) remains a global health emergency, and understanding the interactions between the virus and host immune responses is crucial to preventing its lethal effects. The expansion of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in COVID‐19, thereby suppressing immune responses, has been described as responsible for the severity of the disease, but the correlation between MDSC subsets and COVID‐19 severity remains elusive. Therefore, we classified patients according to clinical and laboratory findings—aiming to investigate the relationship between MDSC subsets and laboratory findings such as high C‐reactive protein, ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase levels, which indicate the severity of the disease. Forty‐one patients with COVID‐19 (26 mild and 15 severe; mean age of 49.7 ± 15 years) and 26 healthy controls were included in this study. MDSCs were grouped into two major subsets—polymorphonuclear MDSCs (PMN‐MDSCs) and monocytic MDSCs—by flow cytometric immunophenotyping, and PMN‐MDSCs were defined as mature and immature, according to CD16 expressions, for the first time in COVID‐19. Total MDSCs, PMN‐MDSCs, mature PMN‐MDSCs and monocytic MDSCs were significantly higher in patients with COVID‐19 compared with the healthy controls (P < .05). Only PMN‐MDSCs and their immature PMN‐MDSC subsets were higher in the severe subgroup than in the mild subgroup. In addition, a significant correlation was found between C‐reactive protein, ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase levels and MDSCs in patients with COVID‐19. These findings suggest that MDSCs play a role in the pathogenesis of COVID‐19, while PMN‐MDSCs, especially immature PMN‐MDSCs, are associated with the severity of the disease.
Discovering transition patterns among OpenStreetMap feature classes based on the Louvain method
Authors: Zhao Yijiang , Yang Wentao , Liu Yizhi , Liao Zhuhua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNumerous studies have shown that OpenStreetMap (OSM) data can achieve high positional quality. However, the thematic attributes of OSM objects can be modified several times, which has a large impact on semantic heterogeneity. Identifying transition patterns within OSM feature classes is an important preliminary step for the tag recommendation algorithm, which can reduce the number of modifications and enhance the efficiency of OSM data updates. In this article, we propose an approach for discovering transition patterns among OSM feature classes. We first produced the transition matrix of feature classes and then developed a graph. Next, the Louvain method for community detection was utilized to cluster the feature classes. OSM data from Indiana, USA, and the Azores, Portugal, were used for our experiments. Some transition patterns were discovered: (1) many feature classes with the most transitions are the same in both datasets and most transitions occur in road‐related feature classes; (2) people tend to tag general classes if they are unsure of the specific classes of tagged objects; and (3) most class transitions occurred as a result of volunteers improving the specificity and precision of feature classes. Moreover, consistently confusing concept pairs were identified.
The red flower wintersweet genome provides insights into the evolution of magnoliids and the molecular mechanism for tepal color development
Authors: Shen Zhiguo , Li Wenying , Li Yanli , Liu Meilan , Cao Heping , Provart Nicholas , Ding Xin , Sun Meng , Tang Zhenghui , Yue Changping , Cao Yunpeng , Yuan Deyi , Zhang Lin 
Published: October 2021

SummaryWintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) is one of the most important ornamental plants. Its color is mainly determined by the middle tepals. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the intriguing flower color development among different wintersweet groups are still largely unknown. In addition, wintersweet belongs to magnoliids, and the phylogenetic position of magnoliids remains to be determined conclusively. Here, the whole genome of red flower wintersweet, a new wintersweet type, was sequenced and assembled with high quality. The genome comprised 11 super‐scaffolds (chromosomes) with a total size of 737.03 Mb. Based on the analyses of the long branch attraction, incomplete lineage sorting, sparse taxon sampling, and other factors, we suggest that a bifurcating tree may not fully represent the complex early diversification of the angiosperms and that magnoliids are most likely sister to the eudicots. The wintersweet genome appears to have undergone two whole‐genome duplication (WGD) events: a recent WGD event representing an independent event specific to the Calycanthaceae and an ancient WGD event shared by Laurales. By integrating genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic data, CpANS1 and the transcription factor CpMYB1 were found to play key roles in regulating tepal color development, whereas CpMYB1 needs to form a complex with bHLH and WD40 to fully perform its regulatory function. The present study not only provides novel insights into the evolution of magnoliids and the molecular mechanism for flower color development, but also lays the foundation for subsequent functional genomics study and molecular breeding of wintersweet.
A Study of Thermal Decomposition and Kinetic Evaluation of Boron Blended Flash Powder Composition
Authors: Azhagurajan A. , Prakash L. , Jeyasubramanian K. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Herein, the thermal characteristics of flash powders of different combinations of potassium nitrate, sulfur, aluminum, and boron are reported. From the literature, it is identified that boron implements lack of sensitiveness to flash powder mixture, which promotes safety during the manufacturing process. But the thermal behavior of the boron blended compositions remains a mystery. Hence, various combinations of flash powder compositions are prepared by keeping the % of KNO3 and % of S constant, and gradually 23% of aluminum is reduced (23% to 0) by increasing the quantity of boron (0% to 23%) in 19 trials and are subjected to thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis individually. The TGA and the DSC analysis reveals that the 65.65% replacement of aluminum with boron mixture shows predominant characteristics which is suitable for fireworks. Also, the reaction kinetics and the critical ignition temperature are calculated for the optimum composition. The performance of the fireworks product is checked with varying quantities to meet out the optimum quality.
Modeling of Soft Robotic Grippers Integrated With Fluidic Prestressed Composite Actuators
Authors: Zhou Yitong , Headings Leon M. , Dapino Marcelo J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Soft robotic grippers can gently grasp and maneuver objects. However, they are difficult to model and control due to their highly deformable fingers and complex integration with robotic systems. This paper investigates the design requirements as well as the grasping capabilities and performance of a soft gripper system based on fluidic prestressed composite (FPC) fingers. An analytical model is constructed as follows: each finger is modeled using the chained composite model (CCM); strain energy and work done by pressure and loads are computed using polynomials with unknown coefficients; net energy is minimized using the Rayleigh–Ritz method to calculate the deflected equilibrium shapes of the finger as a function of pressure and loads; and coordinate transformation and gripper geometries are combined to analyze the grasping performance. The effects of prestrain, integration angle, and finger overlap on the grasping performance are examined through a parametric study. We also analyze gripping performance for cuboidal and spherical objects and show how the grasping force can be controlled by varying fluidic pressure. The quasi-static responses of fabricated actuators are measured under pressures and loads. It is shown that the actuators’ modeled responses agree with the experimental results. This work provides a framework for the theoretical analysis of soft robotic grippers and the methods presented can be extended to model grippers with different types of actuation.
Modeling of Residual Stresses by Correlating Surface Topography in Machining of AISI 52100 Steel
Authors: Liu Chao , He Yan , Li Yufeng , Wang Yulin , Wang Shilong , Wang Yan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The residual stresses could affect the ability of components to bear loading conditions and also the performance. The researchers considered workpiece surface as a plane and ignored the effect of surface topography induced by the intermittent cutting process when modeling residual stresses. The aim of this research develops an analytical model to predict workpiece residual stresses during intermittent machining by correlating the effect of surface topography. The relative motions of tool and workpiece are analyzed for modeling thermal-mechanical and surface topography. The influence of dynamic cutting force and thermal on different positions of surface topography is also considered in the analytical model. Then, the residual stresses model with the surface topography effect can be developed in intermittent cutting. The analytical models of dynamic cutting force, surface topography, and residual stresses are verified by the experiments. The variation trend of evaluated values of the residual stress of workpiece is basically consistent with that of measured values. The compressive residual stress of the workpiece surface in highest point of the surface topography is higher than that in the lowest point.
Steel Lazy Wave Riser Optimization Using Artificial Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Lal Mayank , Sebastian Abhilash , Rana Yashpal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Over the past few years, a number of deepwater projects that use steel lazy wave risers have been commissioned or are under development. Steel lazy wave risers have an advantage over steel catenary risers as they offer flexibility of use with a floater having severe motion such as FPSO. They also impart lower loads at the interface with the floater compared to a traditional steel catenary riser, and hence can be used in deeper waters. Therefore, design of steel lazy wave risers has gained importance over the years as exploration of oil happens in ever deeper waters.
In this paper, artificial neural networks and genetic algorithm are used to automatically generate a steel lazy wave riser design. A dataset of optimized designs of steel lazy wave risers for various inputs such as water depth, pipe OD, wall thickness etc. are generated using genetic algorithm. This dataset is used to train a neural network to automatically output a steel lazy wave riser design. The SLWR configuration that is automatically generated can be used as a starting point for conceptual and pre-FEED studies and help engineers come up with an initial SLWR design capturing the basic requirements without going through rigorous analyses. It has potential for cost savings and meeting schedule demands of fast paced projects as it will speed up the steel lazy wave risers’ design.