bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robotic-based ACTive somatoSENSory (Act.Sens) retraining on upper limb functions with chronic stroke survivors: study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sidarta Ananda , Lim Yu Chin , Kuah Christopher Wee Keong , Loh Yong Joo , Ang Wei Tech 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrior studies have established that senses of the limb position in space (proprioception and kinaesthesia) are important for motor control and learning. Although nearly one-half of stroke patients have impairment in the ability to sense their movements, somatosensory retraining focusing on proprioception and kinaesthesia is often overlooked. Interventions that simultaneously target motor and somatosensory components are thought to be useful for relearning somatosensory functions while increasing mobility of the affected limb. For over a decade, robotic technology has been incorporated in stroke rehabilitation for more controlled therapy intensity, duration, and frequency. This pilot randomised controlled trial introduces a compact robotic-based upper-limb reaching task that retrains proprioception and kinaesthesia concurrently.MethodsThirty first-ever chronic stroke survivors (> 6-month post-stroke) will be randomly assigned to either a treatment or a control group. Over a 5-week period, the treatment group will receive 15 training sessions for about an hour per session. Robot-generated haptic guidance will be provided along the movement path as somatosensory cues while moving. Audio-visual feedback will appear following every successful movement as a reward. For the same duration, the control group will complete similar robotic training but without the vision occluded and robot-generated cues. Baseline, post-day 1, and post-day 30 assessments will be performed, where the last two sessions will be conducted after the last training session. Robotic-based performance indices and clinical assessments of upper limb functions after stroke will be used to acquire primary and secondary outcome measures respectively. This work will provide insights into the feasibility of such robot-assisted training clinically.DiscussionThe current work presents a study protocol to retrain upper-limb somatosensory and motor functions using robot-based rehabilitation for community-dwelling stroke survivors. The training promotes active use of the affected arm while at the same time enhances somatosensory input through augmented feedback. The outcomes of this study will provide preliminary data and help inform the clinicians on the feasibility and practicality of the proposed exercise.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT04490655. Registered 29 July 2020.
A competitive ligand-binding assay for the detection of neutralizing antibodies against dostarlimab (TSR-042)
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong Tom , Chen Hong , Shao Weiping , Lin Zhongping John , Melhem Murad , Lu Sharon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDostarlimab is a humanized anti–PD-1 monoclonal antibody. Dostarlimab (JEMPERLI; TSR-042) was recently approved in the USA and in the EU. The presence of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is a cause for concern because they block the therapeutic function of the antibody and reduce drug efficacy. Therefore, programs developing therapeutic biologics need to develop and validate assays that adequately assess the presence of NAbs in the serum of patients treated with biologic therapies. Presented here is the development and validation of a competitive ligand-binding assay that specifically detects anti-dostarlimab NAbs in human serum. Precision, sensitivity, hook effect, selectivity, assay robustness, stabilities, and system suitability were evaluated. In addition, drug tolerance of the assay with the implementation of a drug removal process was investigated. The cut point factor for the detection of NAbs in human serum at a 1% false-positive rate was determined. The assay’s precision, sensitivity, hook effect, selectivity, robustness, and drug interference were tested and found to be acceptable. With system suitability and stability established, this assay has been used to evaluate NAbs to guide the development of dostarlimab.Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02715284. Registered 9 March 2016
Neurogenic pulmonary edema in subarachnoid hemorrhage: relevant clinical concepts
Authors: Lozada-Martínez Ivan David , Rodríguez-Gutiérrez María Manuela , Ospina-Rios Jenny , Ortega-Sierra Michael Gregorio , González-Herazo Mauro Antonio , Ortiz-Roncallo Lina Marcela , Martínez-Imbett Rafael , Llamas-Nieves Andrés Elías , Janjua Tariq , Moscote-Salazar Luis Rafael 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) continues to be a condition that carries high rates of morbidity, mortality, and disability around the world. One of its complications is neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE), which is mainly caused by sympathetic hyperactivity. Due to the complexity of the pathophysiological process and the unspecificity of the clinical presentation, it is little known by general practitioners, medical students and other health care workers not directly related to the neurological part, making the management of this chaotic condition difficult. This review aims to present recent evidence on clinical concepts relevant to the identification and management of NPE secondary to SAH.

Main body of the abstract
NPE is defined as a syndrome of acute onset following significant central nervous system (CNS) injury. Its etiology has been proposed to stem from the release of catecholamines that produce cardiopulmonary dysfunction, with this syndrome being associated with spinal cord injury, cerebrovascular disorders, traumatic brain injury, status epilepticus, and meningitis. NPE has long been considered a rare event; but it may occur more frequently, mainly in patients with SAH. There are two clinical presentations of NPE: the early form develops in the first hours/minutes after injury, while the late form presents 12–24 h after neurological injury. Clinical manifestations consist of non-specific signs of respiratory distress: dyspnea, tachypnea, hypoxia, pink expectoration, crackles on auscultation, which usually resolve within 24–48 h in 50% of patients. Unfortunately, there are no tools to make the specific diagnosis, so the diagnosis is by exclusion. The therapeutic approach consists of two interventions: treatment of the underlying neurological injury to reduce intracranial pressure and control sympathetic hyperactivity related to the lung injury, and supportive treatment for pulmonary edema.

Short conclusion
SAH is a severe condition that represents a risk to the life of the affected patient due to the possible complications that may develop. NPE is one of these complications, which due to the common manifestation of a respiratory syndrome, does not allow early and accurate diagnosis, being a diagnosis of exclusion. Therefore, in any case of CNS lesion with pulmonary involvement, NPE should be suspected immediately.
Viral suppressors from members of the family Closteroviridae combating antiviral RNA silencing: a tale of a sophisticated arms race in host-pathogen interactions
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Dilshad , Farooq Tahir , Chen Xi , Tariqjaveed Muhammad , Jiang Tong , Liu Sijia , Zhou Tao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRNA silencing is an evolutionarily homology-based gene inactivation mechanism and plays critical roles in plant immune responses to acute or chronic virus infections, which often pose serious threats to agricultural productions. Plant antiviral immunity is triggered by virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) and functions to suppress virus further replication via a sequence-specific degradation manner. Through plant-virus arms races, many viruses have evolved specific protein(s), known as viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs), to combat plant antiviral responses. Numerous reports have shown that VSRs can efficiently curb plant antiviral defense response via interaction with specific component(s) involved in the plant RNA silencing machinery. Members in the family Closteroviridae (closterovirids) are also known to encode VSRs to ensure their infections in plants. In this review, we will focus on the plant antiviral RNA silencing strategies, and the most recent developments on the multifunctional VSRs encoded by closterovirids. Additionally, we will highlight the molecular characters of phylogenetically-associated closterovirids, the interactions of these viruses with their host plants and transmission vectors, and epidemiology.
Community interventions for people with complex emotional needs that meet the criteria for personality disorder diagnoses: systematic review of economic evaluations and expert commentary
Authors: Botham Joe , Clark Amy , Steare Thomas , Stuart Ruth , Oram Sian , Lloyd-Evans Brynmor , Jeynes Tamar , Broeckelmann Eva , Crawford Mike , Johnson Sonia , Simpson Alan , McCrone Paul 
Published: November 2021

Background
Diagnoses of personality disorder are prevalent among people using community secondary mental health services. Identifying cost-effective community-based interventions is important when working with finite resources.

Aims
To assess the cost-effectiveness of primary or secondary care community-based interventions for people with complex emotional needs who meet criteria for a diagnosis of personality disorder to inform healthcare policy-making.

Method
Systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD42020134068) of databases. We included economic evaluations of interventions for adults with complex emotional needs associated with a diagnosis of personality disorder in community mental health settings published before 18 September 2019. Study quality was assessed using the CHEERS statement.

Results
Eighteen studies were included. The studies mainly evaluated psychotherapeutic interventions. Studies were also identified that evaluated altering the setting in which care was delivered and joint crisis plans. No strong economic evidence to support a single intervention or model of community-based care was identified.

Conclusions
Robust economic evidence to support a single intervention or model of community-based care for people with complex emotional needs is lacking. The strongest evidence was for dialectical behaviour therapy, with all three identified studies indicating that it is likely to be cost-effective in community settings compared with treatment as usual. More robust evidence is required on the cost-effectiveness of community-based interventions on which decision makers can confidently base guidelines or allocate resources. The evidence should be based on consistent measures of costs and outcomes with sufficient sample sizes to demonstrate impacts on these.
Investigating default mode network connectivity disruption in children of mothers with depression
Authors: Zeev-Wolf Maor , Dor-Ziderman Yair , Pratt Maayan , Goldstein Abraham , Feldman Ruth 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundExposure to maternal major depressive disorder (MDD) bears long-term negative consequences for children's well-being; to date, no research has examined how exposure at different stages of development differentially affects brain functioning.AimsUtilising a unique cohort followed from birth to preadolescence, we examined the effects of early versus later maternal MDD on default mode network (DMN) connectivity.MethodMaternal depression was assessed at birth and ages 6 months, 9 months, 6 years and 10 years, to form three groups: children of mothers with consistent depression from birth to 6 years of age, which resolved by 10 years of age; children of mothers without depression; and children of mothers who were diagnosed with MDD in late childhood. In preadolescence, we used magnetoencephalography and focused on theta rhythms, which characterise the developing brain.ResultsMaternal MDD was associated with disrupted DMN connectivity in an exposure-specific manner. Early maternal MDD decreased child connectivity, presenting a profile typical of early trauma or chronic adversity. In contrast, later maternal MDD was linked with tighter connectivity, a pattern characteristic of adult depression. Aberrant DMN connectivity was predicted by intrusive mothering in infancy and lower mother–child reciprocity and child empathy in late childhood, highlighting the role of deficient caregiving and compromised socio-emotional competencies in DMN dysfunction.ConclusionsThe findings pinpoint the distinct effects of early versus later maternal MDD on the DMN, a core network sustaining self-related processes. Results emphasise that research on the influence of early adversity on the developing brain should consider the developmental stage in which the adversity occured.
Optimal dose of aripiprazole for augmentation therapy of antidepressant-refractory depression: preliminary findings based on a systematic review and dose–effect meta-analysis
Authors: Furukawa Yuki , Hamza Tasnim , Cipriani Andrea , Furukawa Toshi A. , Salanti Georgia , Ostinelli Edoardo G. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundAripiprazole augmentation is proven effective for antidepressant-refractory depression, but its licensed dose range is wide and optimal dosage remains unclear.AimsTo find the optimal dosage of aripiprazole augmentation.MethodMultiple electronic databases were searched (from inception to 16 February 2021) to identify all assessor-masked randomised controlled trials evaluating aripiprazole augmentation therapy in adults (≥18 years old, both genders) with major depressive disorder showing inadequate response to at least one antidepressant treatment. A random-effects, one-stage dose–effect meta-analysis with restricted cubic splines was conducted. Outcomes were efficacy (treatment response: ≥50% reduction in depression severity), tolerability (drop-out due to adverse effects) and acceptability (drop-out for any reason) after 8 weeks of treatment (range 4–12 weeks).ResultsTen studies met the inclusion criteria. All were individually randomised, placebo-controlled, multi-centre, parallel studies including 2625 participants in total. The maximum target dose–efficacy curve showed an increase up to doses between 2 mg (odds ratio OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.15–1.85) and 5 mg (OR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.33–2.81), and then a non-increasing trend through the higher licensed doses up to 20 mg (OR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.52–2.37). Tolerability showed a similar trend with greater uncertainty. Acceptability showed no significant difference through the examined dose range. Certainty of evidence was low to moderate.ConclusionsLow-dose aripiprazole as augmentation treatment might achieve the optimal balance between efficacy, tolerability and acceptability in the acute treatment of antidepressant-refractory depression. However, the small number of included studies and the overall moderate to high risk of bias seriously compromise the reliability of the results. Further research is required to investigate the benefits of low versus high dose.
Research Note: School Reopenings During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Implications for Gender and Racial Equity
Authors: Landivar Liana Christin , Ruppanner Leah , Rouse Lloyd , Scarborough William J. , Collins Caitlyn 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the fall of 2020, school districts across the country reopened under a variety of instructional modes. Some districts returned to in-person instruction and some operated remotely. Others reopened under hybrid models, wherein students alternated times, days, or weeks of in-person instruction. To capture this variation, we developed the Elementary School Operating Status (ESOS) database. ESOS provides data on elementary school districts' primary operating status in the first grading period of the 2020–2021 school year, covering 24 million students in more than 9,000 school districts in all states. In this research note, we introduce these data and offer two analytical examples. We show that school districts with greater representation of Black and Hispanic students were less likely to offer in-person instruction than were districts with greater representation of White students. These racial disparities remained after accounting for geographic locale and COVID-19 prevalence. We also show that the number of in-person elementary school instruction days was associated with mothers' labor force participation relative to fathers and to women without children—that is, the fewer days of instruction, the less likely that mothers were employed. ESOS is a critical data source for evaluating the mid- and long-term implications for students who experienced reduced in-person learning and for mothers who exited employment in the absence of in-person instruction and care.
Insulin-stimulated adipocytes secrete lactate to promote endothelial fatty acid uptake and transport
Authors: Ibrahim Ayon , Neinast Michael D. , Li Kristina , Noji Michael , Kim Boa , Bornstein Marc R. , Mohammed Raffiu , Wellen Kathryn E. , Arany Zoltan 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Insulin stimulates adipose tissue to extract fatty acids from circulation and sequester them inside adipose cells. How fatty acids are transported across the capillary endothelial barrier, and how this process is regulated, remains unclear. We modeled the relationship of adipocytes and endothelial cells in vitro to test the role of insulin in fatty acid transport. Treatment of endothelial cells with insulin did not affect endothelial fatty acid uptake, but endothelial cells took up more fatty acids when exposed to medium conditioned by adipocytes treated with insulin. Manipulations of this conditioned medium indicated that the secreted factor is a small, hydrophilic, non-proteinaceous metabolite. Factor activity was correlated with lactate concentration, and inhibition of lactate production in adipocytes abolished the activity. Finally, lactate alone was sufficient to increase endothelial uptake of both free fatty acids and lipids liberated from chylomicrons, and to promote transendothelial transport, at physiologically relevant concentrations. Taken together, these data suggest that insulin drives adipocytes to secrete lactate, which then acts in a paracrine fashion to promote fatty acid uptake and transport across the neighboring endothelial barrier.
Energy Conversion and Storage in Fuel Cells and Super-Capacitors from Chemical Modifications of Carbon Allotropes: State-of-Art and Prospect
Authors: Islam Md Saidul , Shudo Yuta , Hayami Shinya 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Despite being generated from the same element and having some of the properties commonly shared, each type of carbon allotrope possessing divergent shape confers unique and distinguishable physicochemical properties, thereby making them attractive for a wide range of potential applications. Moreover, research progress has allowed for further tailoring the properties in a controlled way to design more fascinating and aesthetically pleasing architectures with outstanding materials properties. In fact, some chemically modified carbon allotropes and their products have shown significant promise to solve a number of major issues in polymer exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and supercapacitors (SCs) such as efficient low Pt loaded oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts, carbon allotrope-based proton conductors for PEMFC electrolyte, carbon monoxide (CO) tolerant anode catalysts for PEMFC, and carbon allotropes-based SC electrodes. The tremendous progress made in carbon-based materials facilitates those technologies more realistically towards large-scale implementation in terms of increasing the stack power density and reducing cost. In this view, this review will provide a thorough insight for researchers into the use of carbon allotropes and relevant products for PEMFCs and SCs.
Overscreening Induced by Ionic Adsorption at the Ionic Liquid/Electrode Interface Detected Using Neutron Reflectometry with a Rational Material Design
Authors: Nishi Naoya , Uchiyashiki Junya , Oda Tatsuro , Hino Masahiro , Yamada Norifumi L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Neutron reflectometry (NR) has been utilized to study the electric double layer (EDL) of ionic liquids (ILs), however, further improvement of the sensitivity toward interfacial structure would be desirable. We recently proposed two ways to improve the NR sensitivity toward the EDL structure at the IL/electrode interface (J. Phys. Chem. C, 123 (2019) 9223). First, as the electrode, a thin film of metal (Nb) was used with the scattering length density (SLD) and thickness controlled to sensitively analyze the potential dependent EDL structure. Second, the IL cation and anion were chosen so that they have large size and large SLD difference, both of which also increase the sensitivity. In the present study, we have further explored this rational material design for the sensitivity enhancement, by changing the film metal from Nb to Bi whose SLD is closer to those for two bulk materials: Si and the IL used, trihexyltetradecylphosphonium bis(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)amide. We successfully observed not only the first ionic layer in the EDL but also the overlayers, revealing that the IL cation is specifically adsorbed on the electrode and that the cation-rich first layer induces overscreening in the overlayers up to the third ionic layer.
СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ РЫНКА НЕДВИЖИМОСТИ РОССИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ
Authors: Makarova Ekaterina E. , Syshchikova Elena N. , Proskurina Zinaida B. 
Published: November 2021

В статье представлены результаты исследования современного состояния рынка недвижимости, а также раскрыты принципы развития рынка риэлторских услуг. Рассмотрены основные проблемы сотрудничества риэлторов и застройщиков, а также определены перспективные способы продажи недвижимости в условиях цифровой экономики.
Цель работы: Оптимизировать состояние рынка недвижимости в России и г. Москве. Рассмотрение перспективных направлений цифровизации на современном рынке недвижимости.
Метод исследования. В процессе исследования проблемы использовались аналитические и статистические методы анализа.
Результаты. В условиях современного состояния рынка недвижимости и развития рынка риэлторских услуг внедрение VR-технологий приведет к полной трансформации риэлторской деятельности, кратно повысив эффективность бизнеса за счет снижения материальных и временных издержек.
Область применения результатов. Полученные результаты исследования могут быть использованы и применены риэлтерскими агентствами, агентствами недвижимости, девелоперами и заинтересованными экономическими субъектами на рынке недвижимого имущества.
Современное состояние рынка недвижимости России сформировано благодаря переходу к частной собственности мелких и крупных собственников недвижимости в результате приватизации. Огромную роль при этом играют общественные и профессиональные организации, а также риэлторы, деятельность которых связана с формированием единой базы рынка недвижимого имущества в России, а также оказанием помощи при различного рода сделках с недвижимым имуществом.
Агенты по недвижимости формируют базу с помощью, которой осуществляют большинство сделок с недвижимостью в Российской Федерации.