bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covid and Regional Anaesthesia
Authors: Deshmukh Pratibha , Sable Parag , Deshmukh Priyanka , Chakole Vivek 
Published: July 2021

Currently we are at the peak of the second wave of pandemic. Availability of beds & oxygen is at nadir. The patients coming to us for surgery are the ones where surgery cannot wait. Mainly the load is obstetric. As a matter of COVID pandemic policy we are using regional anaesthesia unless contraindicated or the surgery demands general anaesthesia. The aim is to avoid/reduce aerosolization which is part & parcel of GA, despite the efforts to minimise it. The policy is to protect the anaesthesiologists, surgeons, OT staff & other patients as well. The present manuscript is to review the role of regional anaesthesia & its safe performance.
A Honeycomb‐Like Bismuth/Manganese Oxide Nanoparticle with Mutual Reinforcement of Internal and External Response for Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Targeted Therapy
Authors: Xu Xingyi , Zhang Rongyuan , Yang Xianfeng , Lu Yao , Yang Zhongmin , Peng Mingying , Ma Zhijun , Jiao Ju , Li Lihua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) exhibits aggressive behavior and high levels of metastasis owing to its complex heterogeneous structure and lack of specific receptors. Here, tumor cell membrane (CM)‐coated bismuth/manganese oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with high indocyanine green (ICG) payload up to 50.6 wt% (mBMNI NPs) for targeted TNBC therapy are constructed. The extra‐high drug load Bi@Bi2O3@MnOx NPs (honey‐comb like structure) are formed by Kirkendall effect and electrostatic attraction. After modified with CM, they can home into tumor sites precisely, where they respond to internal overexpressed glutathione (GSH), releasing Mn2+ for chemodynamic therapy (CDT) with GSH depletion, while H2O2 degrades into O2 enabling relief of tumor hypoxia. In response to external near‐infrared irradiation, mBMNI NPs intelligently generate vigorous heat and single oxygen (1O2) for photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) owing to high load. Importantly, O2 production and GSH consumption during the internal response reinforce external PDT, while the heat generated through PTT during the external response promotes internal CDT. The honeycomb‐like structure with high ICG load and mutual reinforcement between internal and external response results in excellent therapeutic effects against TNBC.
A Magneto‐Heated Ferrimagnetic Sponge for Continuous Recovery of Viscous Crude Oil
Authors: Song Yonghong , Shi Lu‐An , Xing Hanye , Jiang Kun , Ge Jin , Dong Liang , Lu Yang , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe high viscosity and low fluidity of heavy crude oil hinder its sorption by conventional porous sorbents, so the efficient clean‐up of such heavy crude oil spills is challenging. Recently, Joule heating has been emerging as a new tool to reduce the viscosity of heavy crude oil dramatically. However, this direct‐contact heating approach presents a potential risk due to the high voltage applied. To develop a non‐contact recovery of viscous crude oil, here, a new approach for the fabrication of a series of ferrimagnetic sponges (FMSs) with hydrophobic porous channels is reported, whose surface can be remotely heated to 120 °C within 10 s under an alternating magnetic field (f = 274 kHz, H = 30 kA m−1). Compared with the solar‐driven superficial heating, the integral magnetic heating in FMSs can result in a higher internal temperature of the sponges because of the confinement of thermal transport in the porous channels, which contributes to a dramatic decrease in oil viscosity and a significant increase in oil flow into the pores of FMSs. Furthermore, FMSs assembled with a self‐priming pump can achieve continuous recovery of viscous crude oil (33.05 g h−1 cm−2) via remotely magnetic heating.
Heterogeneous 2D/3D Tin‐Halides Perovskite Solar Cells with Certified Conversion Efficiency Breaking 14%
Authors: Yu Bin‐Bin , Chen Zhenhua , Zhu Yudong , Wang Yiyu , Han Bing , Chen Guocong , Zhang Xusheng , Du Zheng , He Zhubing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs the most promising lead‐free one, tin‐halides based perovskite solar cells still suffer from the severe bulk‐defect due to the easy oxidation of tin from divalent to tetravalent. Here, a general and effective strategy is delivered to modulate the microstructure of 2D/3D heterogeneous tin‐perovskite absorber films by substituting FAI with FPEABr in FASnI3. The introduction of 2D phase can induce highly oriented growth of 3D FASnI3 and it is revealed in the optimal 2D/3D film that 2D phase embraces 3D grains and locates at the surfaces and grain boundaries. The FPEA+ based 2D tin‐perovskite capping layer can offer a reducing atmosphere for vulnerable 3D FASnI3 grains. The unique microstructure effectively suppresses the well‐known oxidation from Sn2+ to Sn4+, as well as decreasing defect density, which leads to a remarkable enhanced device performance from 9.38% to 14.81% in conversion efficiency. The certified conversion efficiency of 14.03% announces a new record and moves a remarkable step from the last one (12.4%). Besides of this breakthrough, this work definitely paves a new way to fabricate high‐quality tin‐perovskite absorber film by constructing effective 2D/3D microstructures.
Deployable‐Structure‐Based Artificial Muscles Generating Coded Forces
Authors: Yang Nan , Deng Yong , Niu Xiaodong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHere mechanical metamaterials with shape memory alloys (SMA) are assembled to create a new kind of artificial muscle driven by response to temperature changes that generates pulling, pushing, and structurally coded and sequentially coded forces. The deformation and force response of a muscle unit can be geometrically tuned, and different forces are generated with two units arranged in parallel and in series. SMA sheets with different orientations controlling different units of a muscle chain can generate programmable force responses as a mixture of pulling and pushing forces. Combining structural coding with sequential coding, a wide range of force responses can be generated with a single muscle chain. It is shown that the proposed muscles can be applied in an arm‐like mechanism to lift weights and to enable a car to cross a barrier. The principle explored in the work can be used to transform versatile origami‐ and kirigami‐based structures into multifunctional actuators for many applications that can also be based on a variety of materials other than SMA.
Solution‐Processed Dual Gate Ferroelectric–Ferroelectric Organic Polymer Field‐Effect Transistor for the Multibit Nonvolatile Memory
Authors: Boampong Amos Amoako , Cho Jae–Hyeok , Choi Yoonseuk , Kim Min–Hoi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe stable multibit storage operation of solution‐processed organic nonvolatile memories (ONVMs) based on ferroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFETs) for high density data storage devices are demonstrated. The proposed multibit ONVM structure consists of a p‐type polymer semiconductor sandwiched between poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF‐TrFE)] layers serving as ferroelectric gate insulators to form a dual gate ferroelectric–ferroelectric memory transistor (DG Fe‐FeMT). With the extra memory space created by the spatially separated ferroelectrics, a 2‐bit memory representation (“11”, “10”, “01” and “00”) with clear memory margins is achieved due to the bistability of each P(VDF‐TrFE) and the high performance of the polymer semiconductor. The distinct four‐level reading of memory output currents (IM,OUTs) results from the independent programming voltages of the dual gates. An excellent distinct six‐levelIM,OUTsare also achieved in DG Fe‐FeMT using the intermediate programming voltages. Finally, the possibility of 3−bit, or 8 memory states, are demonstrated by optimizing the bistability and intermediate polarization states of the ferroelectrics without increasing the device area horizontally. The DG Fe‐FeMT has a great potential for cost−effective flexible nonvolatile multibit data storage devices due to its solution‐process and low annealing temperatures.
Homozygous GLI3 variants observed in three unrelated patients presenting with syndromic polydactyly
Authors: El Mouatani Ahmed , Van Winckel Géraldine , Zaafrane‐Khachnaoui Khaoula , Whalen Sandra , Achaiaa Amale , Kaltenbach Sophie , Superti‐Furga Andrea , Vekemans Michel , Fodstad Heidi , Giuliano Fabienne , Attie‐Bitach Tania 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolydactyly is a hallmark of GLI3 pathogenic variants, with Greig cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome and Pallister‐Hall syndrome being the two main associated clinical presentations. Homozygous GLI3 variants are rare instances in the literature, and mendelian dominance is the accepted framework for GLI3‐related diseases. Herein, we report three unrelated probands, presenting with polydactyly, and homozygous variants in the GLI3 gene. First, a 10‐year‐old girl, whose parents were first‐degree cousins, presented with bilateral postaxial polydactyly of the hands, developmental delay and multiple malformations. Second, a male newborn, whose parents were first‐degree cousins, presented with isolated bilateral postaxial polysyndactyly of the hands and the feet. Third, an adult male, whose parents were first‐degree cousins, had bilateral mesoaxial polydactyly of the hands, with severe intellectual disability and multiple malformations. All three probands carried homozygous GLI3 variants. Strikingly, the parents also carried the child's variant, in the heterozygous state, without any clinical sign of GLI3 disease. Given the clinical presentation of our patients, the rarity and predicted high pathogenicity of the variants observed, and the absence of other pathogenic variants, we suggest that these GLI3 homozygous variants are causal. Moreover, the parents were heterozygous for the observed variants, but were clinically unremarkable, suggesting that these variants are hypomorphic alleles.
Decline in gross motor skills in adult Rett syndrome; results from a Danish longitudinal study
Authors: Bisgaard Anne‐Marie , Wong Kingsley , Højfeldt Anne‐Katrine , Larsen Jane Lunding , Schönewolf‐Greulich Bitten , Rønde Gitte , Downs Jenny , Stahlhut Michelle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLongevity of individuals with neurodevelopmental diseases as Rett syndrome (RTT) has increased and many reach adulthood and old age. There is therefore a need to increase knowledge about the course of RTT in adults in order to improve medical care management and quality of life. We did a longitudinal study to address if a possible decline in motor skills in adults with RTT can be explained by the presence of common medical conditions as epilepsy, breathing disturbance, and scoliosis. Data from the Danish RTT database, medical files, and videos from visits at the national Center for Rett syndrome were reviewed. The study included 24 individuals aged 30–66 years at last visit after a follow‐up period of 6–12 years. Results showed a clinically observable and significant decline in gross motor skills using the Rett syndrome Gross Motor Scale (RSGMS) with a tendency of less decline in the individuals with the best motor abilities. The frequencies of comorbidities were high. Decline in RSGMS score was associated with the presence of epilepsy and severe scoliosis that had been conservatively managed. The results emphasize that epilepsy plays a significant role in the adult RTT life and management of severe scoliosis in the younger years has impact on the motor abilities in adulthood.
Testing the reliability of CT scan‐based dental wear magnitude scoring
Authors: Godinho Ricardo Miguel , Gonçalves Célia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesDigital models are now frequently used in biological anthropology (bioanthropology) research. Despite several studies validating this type of research, none has examined if the assessment of dental wear magnitude based on Computerized Tomography (CT) scans is reliable. Thus, this study aims to fill this gap and assess if dental wear magnitude scoring based on CT scans provides results consistent with scoring based on direct observation of the physical specimens.Materials and MethodsDental wear magnitude from 412 teeth of 35 mandibles originating from the Portuguese Muge and Sado Mesolithic shell‐middens was scored. The mandibles were also CT scanned and visualized using 3D Slicer. CT scan‐based scoring of dental wear magnitude was then undertaken. Two scoring rounds were undertaken for each observation method (totaling four scoring rounds) and an intra‐observer error test was performed. The averaged results of the two observation methods were compared via boxplots with paired cases.ResultsIntra‐observer error was negligible and non‐significant. Scoring results are comparable between the two observation methods. Notwithstanding, some differences were found, in which CT scan assessment generally overestimates dental wear when compared to direct observation.DiscussionOur results generally validate the use of CT scans in studies of dental wear magnitude. Notwithstanding several caveats relating to CT scanning and visualization limitations should be considered to avoid over or under‐estimation of dental wear.
Functional and phylogenetic variation in anthropoid incisor size
Authors: Scott Jeremiah E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesPrevious studies have shown that frugivorous anthropoids have wider incisors than folivores relative to body mass, and that catarrhines have relatively wider incisors than platyrrhines. This study reexamines these contrasts using mandibular length as a biomechanical standard to quantify relative incisor width.Materials and MethodsDental, mandibular, and body‐mass data for 86 anthropoid species were taken from the literature. Incisor width was size‐adjusted using shape ratios, with mandibular length and body mass as the denominators. Dietary and phylogenetic effects were examined using phylogenetic generalized least squares.ResultsMandible‐based ratios provide a signal that is very similar to the one derived from ratios computed using body mass. Frugivores have relatively wider incisors than folivores, as expected. There is limited support for a stronger dietary effect in platyrrhines when mandible‐based ratios are used, but neither type of ratio indicates an overall difference between platyrrhines and catarrhines.DiscussionAlthough both ratios support a link between incisor size and diet, there is some evidence indicating that mandible‐based ratios are more sensitive to dietary variation at smaller phylogenetic scales. Understanding why the signals from the two ratios diverge at such scales may help clarify the functional significance of variation in incisor width. The results of this study undermine the view that platyrrhines, as a group, tend to have narrower incisors than catarrhines, regardless of diet. Instead, the difference between the two clades noted in previous studies can be explained by greater incisor functional diversity in platyrrhines.
A Cyanine‐Mediated Self‐Assembly System for the Construction of a Two‐in‐One Nanodrug
Authors: Wang Haihui , Xiao Han , Zhu Xiaohui , Liu Yongfei , Fu Zhangcheng , Li Chunsen , Lu Chunhua , Yang Huanghao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe combination of gene therapy and chemotherapy provides a We developed a simple and versatile approach to prepare a series of two‐in‐one nanodrugs through direct self‐assembly of cyanine‐labeled single‐stranded DNA (Cys‐DNA) and different types of drug molecules. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that the Cys introduced into the DNA could enhance the noncovalent interaction between Cys‐DNA and drug molecules. More drug molecules were incorporated into Cys‐DNA, tending to spontaneously form hybrid Cys‐DNA/drug nanosphere. Such nanospheres serve as both carriers and cargoes, excluding the extra use of nontherapeutic excipients and showing ultrahigh drug loading capacity. Following this approach, an antisense oligonucleotides/doxorubicin nanodrug model was constructed, demonstrating the significant synergistic anti‐tumor therapeutic effect. As a proof of the concept, our study establishes a simple and reproducible two‐in‐one nucleic acid‐based drug formulation.
Successful removal of a trapped epidural catheter facilitated by using a nickel/titanium alloy (nitinol) suture as a guidewire
Authors: He B. , Huang X. , Zhao C. , Zhao G. , Hong Q. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryEpidural catheters are often used in the provision of surgical anaesthesia and analgesia. These catheters need to be removed after a certain period, but difficulties may be encountered during this process. We present a case of difficult epidural catheter removal in an elderly woman who had undergone surgery for reduction and internal fixation of a comminuted intertrochanteric fracture at the left femur under combined spinal epidural anaesthesia. Anaesthesia was satisfactory during the operation; however, initial attempts to remove the catheter at the end of the procedure was met with significant resistance. Normal saline (5 ml) was injected through the catheter without difficulty, suggesting that the catheter was likely trapped and compressed but not obstructed. A nickel/titanium memory alloy suture was used as a guidewire to remove the catheter without damaging it. This case was analysed subsequently, and the management of future problematic removals is discussed herein. This article aims to raise awareness of, and to explore techniques for managing difficult epidural catheter removal.
Controlled preparation and properties of acrylic acid epoxy‐acrylate composite emulsion for self‐crosslinking coatings
Authors: Zhang Kai , Li Li , Chen Xifang , Lu Chenghang , Ran Jingwen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA stable epoxy‐acrylate composite latex was successfully prepared through emulsion polymerization of modified epoxy acrylic (EPAC) oligomer with acrylate monomer. The EPAC oligomer was obtained using active acrylic acid (AA) to react with epoxy resin. And by regulating the reaction degree of the active hydrogen of AA and epoxide group, there is the acquisition of terminal double bond that gives EPAC reactivity, together with the partial retention of the epoxide group that enables self‐crosslinking during film formation. The structural conformation of the oligomer was ascertained by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The factors influencing the stability of the epoxy‐acrylate composite latex were investigated. The epoxy‐acrylate composite latex was the most stable when methyl acrylic acid was 1.5 wt% and modified EPAC oligomer was 15 wt% of the total monomer weight. The morphology and property of the composite latex films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and temperature‐modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TOPEM‐DSC). The results confirm that there is successful emulsion copolymerization between modified EPAC oligomer and acrylate monomer. TEM show that the particles of epoxy‐acrylate composite have a core‐shell structure, and there is no free epoxy resin. The FTIR and TOPEM‐DSC results reveal that the copolymer emulsion possesses self‐crosslinking ability. During film formation, self‐crosslinking reaction occurs between epoxide groups with carboxyl groups, giving exothermal phenomena. The thermal stability as well as the corrosion resistance of the films was analyzed. The results show outstanding thermal stability as well as corrosion resistance attributable to the crosslinking reticulation structure. It is envisaged that the epoxy‐acrylate composite latex has great potential in the development of high‐performance aqueous coatings.
Detection of cholera toxin with surface plasmon field‐enhanced fluorescent spectroscopy
Authors: Seherler Sebnem , Bozdogan Anil , Ozal Ildeniz Tugba Arzu , Kok Fatma Nese , Anac Sakir Ilke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this work, a biosensor based on surface plasmon field‐enhanced florescence spectroscopy (SPFS) method was successfully constructed to detect the truncated form of cholera toxin, that is, its beta subunit (CTX‐B). CTX‐B is a relatively small molecule (12 kDa) and it was chosen as model analyte for the detection of protein toxins originated from waterborne pathogens. Recognition layer was prepared on gold‐coated LaSFN9 glasses modified with 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid (11‐MUA). Biotin‐conjugated anti‐CTX‐B polyclonal antibody (B‐Ab) was immobilized on streptavidin (SA) layer constructed on the 11‐MUA‐modified surface. CTX‐B amount was determined with direct assay using B‐Ab in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) mode and with sandwich assay in SPFS mode using Cy5‐conjugated anti‐CTX‐B polyclonal antibody. Minimum detected CTX‐B concentrations were 10 and 0.01 μg/ml with SPR and SPFS, respectively, showing the sensitivity of the SPFS system over the conventional one. The detection was done in 2–6 h, which was faster than both culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based methods. Stability tests were performed with SA‐coated sensors (excluding B‐Ab). In this form, the layer was stable after 30 days of storage in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS; 0.01 M, pH = 7.4) at +4°C. B‐Ab layer was formed immediately on them before each measurement.
A novel, scalable, and modular bioreactor design for dynamic simulation of the digestive tract
Authors: Habib Salam , Swaby Anikka M. , Gaisawat Mohd B. , Kubow Stan , Agellon Luis B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn vitro gut model systems permit the growth of gut microbes outside their natural habitat and are essential to the study of gut microbiota. Systems available today are limited by a lack of scalability and flexibility in the mode of operation. Here, we describe the development of a versatile bioreactor module that can be easily adjusted for culture size and capable of sensing and controlling of environmental parameters such as pH control of culture medium, rate of influx and efflux of the culture medium, and aerobic/anaerobic atmosphere. Bioreactor modules can be operated as single units or linked in series to construct a model of a digestive tract with multiple compartments to allow the growth of microbiota in vitro. We tested the growth of synthetic and natural bacterial communities in a multicompartment continuous dynamic culture model simulation of the mammalian gut. The distal compartments of a sterile system inoculated with the synthetic bacterial community at the proximal module attained a stable bacterial density by 24 h, and all the genera present in the inoculum were firmly established in the distal modules simulating the large intestine at 5 days of continuous culture. A natural bacterial community simultaneously inoculated into the distal modules attained a stable bacterial composition at the phylum level by Day 7 of continuous culture. The findings illustrate the utility of the system to culture mixed bacterial communities which can be used to study the collective biological activities of the cultured microbiota in the absence of host influence.