bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sage‐Grouse Population Dynamics are Adversely Affected by Overabundant Feral Horses
Authors: Coates Peter S. , O'neil Shawn T. , MuÑoz Diana A. , Dwight Ian A. , Tull John C. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTIn recent decades, feral horse (Equus caballus; horse) populations increased in sagebrush (Artimesia spp.) ecosystems, especially within the Great Basin, to the point of exceeding maximum appropriate management levels (AMLmax), which were set by land administrators to balance resource use by feral horses, livestock, and wildlife. Concomitantly, greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage‐grouse) are sagebrush obligates that have experienced population declines within these same arid environments as a result of steady and continued loss of seasonal habitats. Although a strong body of research indicates that overabundant populations of horses degrade sagebrush ecosystems, empirical evidence linking horse abundance to sage‐grouse population dynamics is missing. Within a Bayesian framework, we employed state‐space models to estimate population rate of change (λ) using 15 years (2005–2019) of count surveys of male sage‐grouse at traditional breeding grounds (i.e., leks) as a function of horse abundance relative to AMLmax and other environmental covariates (e.g., wildfire, precipitation, % sagebrush cover). Additionally, we employed a post hoc impact‐control design to validate existing AMLmax values as related to sage‐grouse population responses, and to help control for environmental stochasticity and broad‐scale oscillations in sage‐grouse abundance. On average, for every 50% increase in horse abundance over AMLmax, our model predicted an annual decline in sage‐grouse abundance by 2.6%. Horse abundance at or below AMLmax coincided with sage‐grouse λ estimates that were consistent with trends at non‐horse areas elsewhere in the study region. Thus, AMLmax, as a whole, appeared to be set adequately in preventing adverse effects to sage‐grouse populations. Results indicated 76%, 97%, and >99% probability of sage‐grouse population decline relative to controls when horse numbers are 2, 2.5, and ≥3 times over AMLmax, respectively. As of 2019, horse herds exceeded AMLmax in Nevada, USA, by >4 times on average across all horse management areas. If feral horse populations continue to grow at current rates unabated, model projections indicate sage‐grouse populations will be reduced within horse‐occupied areas by >70.0% by 2034 (15‐year projection), on average compared to 21.2% estimated for control sites. A monitoring framework that improves on estimating horse abundance and identifying responses of sage‐grouse and other key indicator species (plant and animal) would be beneficial to guide management decisions that promote co‐occurrence of horses with sensitive wildlife and livestock within landscapes subjected to multiple uses. Published 2021. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. The Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
Salvage Following Transoral Laser Microsurgery for Early Glottic Cancer in National Veteran Database
Authors: Voora Rohith S. , Panuganti Bharat , Flagg Mitchell , Kumar Abhishek , Qian Alexander S. , Kotha Nikhil V. , Qiao Edmund M. , Weissbrod Philip A. , Rose Brent , Orosco Ryan K. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTransoral laser microsurgery (TLM) is commonly utilized for early glottic cancer and offers favorable oncologic and functional outcomes. However, the survival implications of salvage therapy for recurrent or persistent disease have not been definitively characterized.Study DesignRetrospective, national database cohort study.MethodsData were extracted from Veterans Health Affairs (VHA) Informatics and Computing Infrastructure (VINCI) concerning the TLM‐based management of T1–T2 glottic squamous cell carcinoma patients between 2000 and 2017. Patients were characterized as either requiring TLM‐only, or in cases of persistent or recurrent local disease, TLM plus change in treatment modality (radiotherapy, chemoradiotherapy, or open surgery). Predictors of overall survival (OS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS), and salvage‐free survival were evaluated via Cox and Fine‐Gray models.ResultsAbout 553 patients (70.9% T1a, 13.4% T1b, 15.7% T2) were included, with a median follow‐up time of 74.5 months. The need for non‐TLM salvage increased along with more advanced disease (11.7% T1a, 29.7% T1b, 32.2% T2). Compared to patients with T1a disease, those with T1b and T2 tumors initially treated with TLM had a significantly higher probability of receiving non‐TLM salvage (T1b: HR 2.70, 95% CI: 1.61–4.54; T2: HR 3.02, 95% CI: 1.88–4.84). In a multivariable model, receipt of non‐TLM salvage was not a significant predictor of either OS (HR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.62–1.33, P = .624) or CSS (HR 1.21 95% CI 0.51–2.86, P = .667).ConclusionThe majority of patients with early glottic cancer that are managed with TLM do not require additional salvage therapy. When non‐TLM salvage was required, there was no decrement in OS or CSS.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2766–2772, 2021
The downside of purchasing a servant brand: The effect of servant brand consumption on consumer charitable behavior
Authors: Ho Cony M. , Lin Szu‐Han (Joanna) , Wyer Robert S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCharitable behaviors are essential to organizations and consumers. The majority of research to date has focused on the personal characteristics of donators and donation recipients that influence charitable behaviors. However, our understanding of the influence of the shopping process on subsequent charitable behaviors is limited. In this study, we focus on how purchasing a servant brand could influence consumers' subsequent charitable behavior. Across five studies, we investigated the effect of purchasing a servant (vs. partner) brand on consumers' subsequent charitable behaviors. This effect occurs because purchasing a servant brand enhances consumers' dominance‐feeling and reduces their feelings of empathy, and their reduced empathy in turn undermines their subsequent willingness to donate. Finally, we demonstrate the moderating roles of power distance beliefs and shopping environment in attenuating the detrimental effect of servant brand consumption on reduced empathy and subsequent charitable behaviors. These findings offer important insights into the ubiquitous nature of brands in consumers' everyday lives by detailing how servant brand consumption influences charitable behavior.
Ethnicity's effect on social media‐based comment intention: Comparing minority and majority consumers
Authors: Bozkurt Sıddık , Gligor David , Hollebeek Linda D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSocial media‐based interactions between consumers and firms have received considerable attention in recent years. Despite significant interest in this phenomenon, little is known about how ethnicity impacts consumers' comment intention on social media. This is an important limitation, as ethnicity represents a significant driver of consumer behavior. Addressing this gap, we investigate whether minority (vs. majority) group consumers are more likely to publicly comment on a firm's social media post, when the majority of existing comments is made by ethnically similar consumers. We also explore whether perceived similarity affects these behaviors, and establish the moderating role of ethnic identity, social media usage intensity, and shared content ethnic association (vs. disassociation) in the proposed relationships. To explore these issues, we conduct two survey experiments. The findings reveal ethnicity as an important driver of consumers' intent to comment on firm‐based social media posts. Specifically, compared to ethnic majority (i.e., Caucasian) consumers, ethnic minority (i.e., African American) consumers are more likely to comment on a social media post when most of the post's existing comments are made by ethnically similar consumers, owing to their perceived similarity to existing commenters. Moreover, consumers' ethnic identity, social media usage intensity level, and shared content associations play an important role in these relationships.
Deciphering Trifolium pratense L. holobiont reveals a microbiome resilient to future climate changes
Authors: Wahdan Sara Fareed Mohamed , Tanunchai Benjawan , Wu Yu‐Ting , Sansupa Chakriya , Schädler Martin , Dawoud Turki M. , Buscot François , Purahong Witoon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe plant microbiome supports plant growth, fitness, and resistance against climate change. Trifolium pratense (red clover), an important forage legume crop, positively contributes to ecosystem sustainability. However, T. pratense is known to have limited adaptive ability toward climate change. Here, the T. pratense microbiomes (including both bacteria and fungi) of the rhizosphere and the root, shoot, and flower endospheres were comparatively examined using metabarcoding in a field located in Central Germany that mimics the climate conditions projected for the next 50–70 years in comparison with the current climate conditions. Additionally, the ecological functions and metabolic genes of the microbial communities colonizing each plant compartment were predicted using FUNGuild, FAPROTAX, and Tax4Fun annotation tools. Our results showed that the individual plant compartments were colonized by specific microbes. The bacterial and fungal community compositions of the belowground plant compartments did not vary under future climate conditions. However, future climate conditions slightly altered the relative abundances of specific fungal classes of the aboveground compartments. We predicted several microbial functional genes of the T. pratense microbiome involved in plant growth processes, such as biofertilization (nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and siderophore biosynthesis) and biostimulation (phytohormone and auxin production). Our findings indicated that T. pratense microbiomes show a degree of resilience to future climate changes. Additionally, microbes inhabiting T. pratense may not only contribute to plant growth promotion but also to ecosystem sustainability.
Measuring the absolute abundance of the microbiome by adding yeast containing 16S rRNA gene from a hyperthermophile
Authors: Kim Ju Yeong , Yi Myung‐hee , Kim Myungjun , Lee Seogwon , Moon Hye Su , Yong Dongeun , Yong Tai‐Soon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing (HTS) of 16S rRNA gene amplicons provides compositional information regarding the microbial community, but not the absolute abundance of the bacteria. We aimed to develop a standardized method for quantifying the absolute abundance of bacteria in microbiome studies. To demonstrate the utility of our approach, we quantified the number of bacteria from the compositional data of the fecal and cecal microbiomes. The 16S rRNA gene of a hyperthermophile, Thermus aquaticus, was cloned into Pichia pastoris (yeast) genome, and an equivalent amount of the yeast was added to the stool and cecal samples of mice before DNA extraction. 16S rRNA gene library construction and HTS were performed after DNA extraction. The absolute abundances of bacteria were calculated using T. aquaticus reads. The average relative abundances of T. aquaticus in the five stool and five cecal samples were 0.95% and 0.33%, respectively, indicating that the number of bacteria in a cecum sample is 2.9 times higher than that in a stool sample. The method proposed for quantifying the absolute abundance of the bacterial population in this study is expected to overcome the limitation of showing only compositional data in most microbiome studies.
Low‐level germline mosaicism of a novel SMARCA2 missense variant: Expanding the phenotypic spectrum and mode of genetic transmission
Authors: Pan Nina , Chen Songchang , Cai Xiaoqiang , Li Jianli , Yu Tao , Huang He‐feng , Zhang Jinglan , Xu Chenming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundNicolaides–Baraitser syndrome (NCBRS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with multiple abnormalities. To date, all pathogenic variants in SMARCA2 causing NCBRS are de novo and most are missense variants located in the ATPase domain of SMARCA2 protein.MethodsIn this study, a familial trio whole‐exome sequencing was performed on the proband presenting with intellectual disability, early‐onset epilepsy, and autistic features. A novel missense variant c.553C>G (p.Gln185Glu) in SMARCA2 was identified, which is located in the QLQ domain. The same variant was subsequently also found in the mother's ongoing pregnancy. Samples from accessible tissues such as saliva and sperm other than blood were collected from the parents, and the detection of the target variant was performed by amplicon‐based deep sequencing.ResultsLow‐level mosaicism of the target variant c.553C>G (p.Gln185Glu) was detected in the father's sperm with allele fraction of 2.8% by amplicon‐based deep sequencing, which was not detected in either parents’ blood or saliva specimens. Heterozygosity of this variant was confirmed in the proband.ConclusionThis is the first report of paternal germline mosaicism for a SMARCA2 disease‐causing variant. In addition, the missense variant c.553C>G (p.Gln185Glu) in the QLQ domain causes mainly neurological and developmental phenotypes with unremarkable characteristic facial features and limb abnormalities. Our findings expand the phenotypic spectrum and mode of genetic transmission associated with the SMARCA2 variants.
Novel air‐filled substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filter with nonresonant node structures
Authors: Wu Yongbiao , Yang Kai , Chen Peng , Zhang Lanhai , Li Guopeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA low‐loss bandpass filter with a nonresonant node (NRN) based air‐filled substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is proposed in this study. It is based on a second‐order inductive diaphragm‐coupled filter with an additional NRN to introduce a transmission zero (TZ) in the upper stopband. Measured results show that the filter has a center frequency of 32.27 GHz with the bandwidth of 0.9 GHz. The insertion loss in the passband is 1.2 dB, and the return loss is better than 24 dB. Due to the presence of TZ in the upper sideband, the AFSIW filter has a sharper transition performance and achieves good selectivity.
Compact fourth/third order dual‐band bandpass filter with independently controllable passbands
Authors: Lu Jianguo , Xu Jun , Zhang Fan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article reports a compact microstrip dual‐band bandpass filter (DBBPF) using two pairs of λ/4 short‐circuited stepped impedance resonators (SSIRs) and a stub‐loaded triple‐mode resonator (STR). The first and fourth λ/4 SSIRs not only couple with the second and third SSIRs to form the lower passband, but also serve as the feeding structure and provide source‐load coupling for the higher passband, formed by the STR. As a result, a compact filter size can be achieved, and two extra transmission zeros are created for the higher passband to enhance the passband selectivity. Meanwhile, both the center frequency and bandwidth of each passband can be controlled independently. Furthermore, the impedance and length ratios of the two pairs of λ/4 SSIRs are dissimilar to achieve wide stopband. A fourth/third order DBBPF prototype centered at 1.575 GHz (GPS) and 3.5 GHz (WiMAX) is ultimately implemented to demonstrate the design concept, and the measurements match the simulations with good consistency.
Nurses competence in the reporting of medication‐related incidents: An intervention study
Authors: Salcedo‐Diego Isabel , Ruiz‐Antorán Belén , Payares‐Herrera Concepción , de Andrés‐Gimeno Begoña , Serrano‐Gallardo Pilar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesLess than 5% of all harmful medicine‐related incidents (MIs) or adverse drug reactions received by the Spanish Pharmacovigilance system are notified by Registered Nurses (RNs). The main objective of this study was to determine the impact of a multifaceted institutional intervention (MII) in patient safety on the reporting competence of medication incidents of hospital RNs.DesignOne‐group pre‐test–posttest design.SettingTertiary, public, teaching hospital in Spain.ParticipantsA total of 139 RNs responded to pre‐ and postintervention questionnaires constituting the paired sample subjected to analysis.InterventionA MII, consisting of educational activities and materials, change in MI reporting form from paper to electronic and appointment of reporting support services, was designed and directed to all hospital RNs and midwifes.Main outcome measuresOverall MIs reporting competence (OC) and its dimensions (attitudes, knowledge and skills) were measured through a synthetic variable (total OC value range: 34–170 points) by means of an electronic questionnaire.ResultsA statistically significant 7.96‐point increase in OC from baseline to the final measurement was obtained (CI: 5.05–10.85). There was an increase of 7.38 points in the skills dimension (CI: 5.06–9.68). After the MII, 73.4% nurses improved their OC and 33.8% reported at least one no‐harm MI postintervention compared to 4.4% pre‐intervention (p < .001). A one‐point increase in OC improved the probability of becoming reporter by 2.9% and a one‐point increase in skills by 6.4%.ConclusionMIs reporting competence among RNs increased after a multifaceted institutional intervention, due to an improvement in the skills dimension. The MII was also effective in raising both, the rate of RNs who become reporters and the number of no‐harm MIs reported.
Factors associated with unplanned transfers among cancer patients at a freestanding acute rehabilitation facility
Authors: Bhakta Akash , Roy Ishan , Huang Kevin , Spangenberg Jacqueline , Jayabalan Prakash 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancer patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation often have high risk of complications leading to unplanned transfer to acute care. Prior studies have identified factors associated with these transfers but have been limited to examining factors that pertain to initial admission to rehabilitation and were not conducted in a freestanding inpatient rehabilitation facility.ObjectiveThe study aimed to include these prerehabilitation factors in addition to factors upon initial assessment in rehabilitation. It was hypothesized that specific factors from each of these periods would be associated with unplanned transfer to acute care.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingFreestanding academic inpatient rehabilitation facility affiliated with an academic tertiary care facility with a comprehensive cancer center.PatientsRetrospective review of 330 specific encounters unique to 250 patients from March 2017 to September 2018.Main Outcome MeasuresThe outcome measure was unplanned transfer to acute care. A binary logistic regression model was used to examine the relationship between factors from oncologic history, acute care course, and factors upon admission to rehabilitation to unplanned transfer to acute care.ResultsFrom 330 encounters, there were 111 unplanned transfers (34%). Unplanned transfer to acute care was independently associated with gastrointestinal malignancy (odds ratio [OR] 4.4, p = .01), 6‐minute walk test less than 90 m (OR 4.6, p = .003), and prior unplanned transfer (OR 3.5, p = .007).ConclusionsThe study suggests that oncologic and functional prerehabilitation markers are associated with an increased likelihood of unplanned transfer during inpatient cancer rehabilitation. These findings will provide a framework for creating predictive tools for unplanned transfers in cancer rehabilitation patients.
The prognostic value of digital rectal exam for the existence of advanced pathologic features after prostatectomy
Authors: Prebay Zachary J. , Medairos Robert , Doolittle Johnathan , Langenstroer Peter , Jacobsohn Kenneth , See William A. , Johnson Scott C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccurate staging at the time of prostate cancer diagnosis is fundamental to risk stratification and management counseling. Digital rectal exam (DRE) is foundational in clinical staging of prostate cancer, even with a known limited interexaminer agreement and poor sensitivity for detecting extraprostatic disease. We sought to evaluate the prognostic value of DRE for the presence of advanced pathologic features (APFs) following radical prostatectomy (RP).MethodsAll patients undergoing RP as primary treatment for clinically localized prostate cancer in the National Cancer Database between 2008 and 2014 were identified. Patients with additional malignancies, prior treatment with radiation or systemic therapy, incongruent clinical staging and DRE findings or without fully evaluable clinical staging were excluded. The primary outcome was the presence of postsurgical APFs, defined as positive surgical margins, nodal disease, or pathologic stage T3 or greater. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to account for prostate‐specific antigen (PSA), biopsy grade group, percent of positive biopsy cores, and clinical stage.ResultsIn total, 91,525 patients consisting of 69,182 cT1, 20,641 cT2, and 1702 cT3–T4 were included. The average age was 61.1 ± 7.0 years, and the average PSA was 8.6 ± 10.3 ng/ml. On multivariable analysis, cT3 and T4 were associated with the presence of APFs (odds ratio [OR] 11.12, p < .01 and 5.28, p = .04), however, cT2 was only slightly associated with the presence of APFs when compared with cT1 (OR 1.15, p < .01). Furthermore, cT2 was associated with more node‐positive disease (OR 1.63, p < .01), positive margins (OR 1.06, p < .01), and more than or equal to pT3 disease (OR 1.22, p < .01).ConclusionsOverall, advanced clinical stage as assessed by DRE was independently associated with an increasing risk of APFs. For individual APFs, the greatest effect is noticed between clinical stage and nodal positivity and less so between clinical stage and positive margins. DRE continues to hold value, particularly for patients with locally advanced disease and potential lymph node disease.
Control and Measurement of Quantum Light Pulses for Quantum Information Science and Technology
Authors: Karpiński Michał , Davis Alex O. C. , Sośnicki Filip , Thiel Valérian , Smith Brian J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractManipulation of quantum optical pulses, such as single photons or entangled photon pairs, enables numerous applications, from quantum communications and networking to enhanced sensing. Common methods to shape laser pulses based upon filtering or amplification cannot be employed with quantum light pulses as these approaches introduce detrimental loss and noise to the system. Here, methods to control and measure quantum light pulses based upon deterministic application of targeted phases in time and frequency domains are reviewed, along with recent demonstrations of quantum applications.
Measuring risk‐taking and patience in financial decision making
Authors: Breuer Wolfgang , Renerken Thomas , Salzmann Astrid Juliane 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe empirically compared the consistency among different kinds of measures for risk‐taking and patience in a survey and an experiment. We evaluated how these variables relate to financial decisions, using a novel set of easy‐to‐apply survey questions as proxy. The main finding is that our results based on the novel survey questions describing financial behavior and on lifelike financial behavior in the laboratory are very similar. Therefore, relatively low‐cost elicitation measures may be used to forecast decision making, which, in turn, may be described by our novel set of survey questions.