bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situevidence of the role ofCrangon crangonin infection of codGadus morhuawith nematode parasiteHysterothylacium aduncumin the Baltic Sea
Authors: Pawlak Joanna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCod was one of the most important fish species in the Baltic Sea, but its condition is deteriorating for several reasons, including an increasing parasite burden. The aim of this study was to determine the source of infection of Baltic cod with parasites by examination of invertebrates foundin situin the cod stomach. A total of 1681 cod were sampled during four research cruises in the southern Baltic Sea in 2012, 2013 and 2014 and the composition of their diet was analysed. Each prey item from cod stomach was identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level and a parasitological analysis of all invertebrates collected was performed.Crangon crangon,Saduria entomonandMysis mixtawere the most commonly represented invertebrates among food items.Hysterothylacium aduncumwas found only inC. crangon. This host–parasite system is reported here for the first timein situin the stomach of cod from the Baltic Sea, confirming the role ofC. crangonin cod infection withH. aduncum.
The social meaning of a merger: The evaluation of an Andalusian Spanish consonant merger (ceceo)
Authors: Regan Brendan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes the social evaluations of the Andalusian Spanishceceomerger and its split,distinción. A matched-guise experiment was created by digitally manipulating spontaneous speech from twelve Western Andalusian speakers, varying only in syllable-initial [s̪] and [θ] for 
 and <z,ci,ce>, creatingceceoanddistinciónguises. Based on 221 listeners from Huelva and Lepe, Spain, mixed effects linear regression models found that speakers withdistinciónguises were evaluated as being of higher social status, more urban, and more formal than speakers withceceoguises. Additionally, listeners' comments referred not only to the sounds and graphemes, but also to the merger itself and its social connotations. The implications are two-fold: (i) consonant mergers may be subject to more overt social evaluation than vocalic mergers; and (ii) a merger can acquire social meaning, and this meaning in turn, may promote its split. (Mergers, splits, sociolinguistic perception, language attitudes, Andalusian Spanish, sociophonetics, dialect levelling,ceceo,distinción)*
‘Chasing every mark’. High stakes assessment and curriculum narrowing: the case of disciplinary literacy in the Irish secondary music classroom
Authors: Hennessy Jennifer , Corr Sinéad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe critical role of disciplinary literacy in enhancing understanding and engagement within arts-based subjects has drawn increased recognition amongst researchers and practitioners alike in recent years. The successful integration of disciplinary literacy into the classroom however has been challenged in equal measures by a prevailing sense of confusion and misunderstanding surrounding the concept of disciplinary literacy and by the concurrent, deep-rooted pressures of performativity experienced by teachers and pupils operating within regimes of examination intensification. The result of these tensions has been a documented increase in reductionist classroom-based approaches to the development of disciplinary literacy. Given the frequently cited importance of engaged disciplinary literacy encounters in the music classroom, a review of the dominant pedagogical practices in this field is germane. This paper reports on the findings of a study exploring the integration of disciplinary literacy in the Irish secondary school music classroom. The findings of this research demonstrate a dominance of listening and performing strategies in classroom-based literacy development initiatives and an aligned relegation of student verbalisation in the music classroom. Recommendations for more disciplinary engaged, student-centred approaches in the development of music literacy within the secondary classroom are outlined.
Barriers and enablers to undergraduate music students undertaking a Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) secondary music programme
Authors: Breeze Thomas , Beauchamp Gary 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the context of falling recruitment to Initial Teacher Education programmes in the UK, this article focuses on motivators and demotivators affecting undergraduate students’ attitudes towards training as a teacher and considers these under the broad headings of altruistic (such as wanting to share a love of the subject and working with young people) and pragmatic (stable career, regular salary, good holidays). A review of the literature suggests that there are differences between the US and the UK in terms of the extent to which students can develop an identity as a teacher during their formative undergraduate years. An online survey was distributed to undergraduates in UK higher education institutions, the results were related to the issues identified in the literature and the differences between genders examined. The results suggested that there was no single significant barrier to undergraduate students deciding to train as secondary music teachers, but that there are opportunities to increase the number of students developing an identity as a music teacher while studying for their undergraduate degrees, and some gender-specific issues which could be addressed.
Indexing that something is sufficient: Interactional functions of ingressive particles in Finnish and Danish
Authors: Steensig Jakob , Hakulinen Auli , Larsen Tine 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSounds spoken on the inbreath have been shown to be common in the world’s languages, and in the Nordic languages ingressive speech seems to be especially frequent. The present study focuses on Finnish and Danish response particles spoken on the inbreath, by examining their uses in everyday talk-in-interaction in corpora of recorded interactions. The particles we examine and their non-ingressive counterparts can perform confirming and acknowledging actions. We analyze the particles as receipts to answers to questions, as responses to questions, as responses to assessments, and as responses to affiliation-seeking utterances. In these positions, the ingressive particles turn out to index that the content of the previous turn was already sufficiently established and, consequently, that there is nothing to add. In cases where an engaged response is called for, the particles are shown to have a disaffiliative potential.
Post-operative kinetics of C-reactive protein to distinguish between bacterial infection and systemic inflammation in infants after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery: the early and the late period
Authors: Renk Hanna , Grosse David , Schober Sarah , Schlensak Christian , Hofbeck Michael , Neunhoeffer Felix 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectives:Differentiation between post-operative inflammation and bacterial infection remains an important issue in infants following congenital heart surgery. We primarily assessed kinetics and predictive value of C-reactive protein for bacterial infection in the early (days 0–4) and late (days 5–28) period after cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Secondary objectives were frequency, type, and timing of post-operative infection related to the risk adjustment for congenital heart surgery score.Methods:This 3-year single-centre retrospective cohort study in a paediatric cardiac ICU analysed 191 infants accounting for 235 episodes of CPBP surgery. Primary outcome was kinetics of CRP in the first 28 days after CPBP surgery in infected and non-infected patients.Results:We observed 22 infectious episodes in the early and 34 in the late post-operative period. CRP kinetics in the early post-operative period did not accurately differentiate between infected and non-infected patients. In the late post-operative period, infected infants displayed significantly higher CRP values with a median of 7.91 (1.64–22.02) and 6.92 mg/dl (1.92–19.65) on days 2 and 3 compared to 4.02 (1.99–15.9) and 3.72 mg/dl (1.08–9.72) in the non-infection group. Combining CRP on days 2 and 3 after suspicion of infection revealed a cut-off of 9.47 mg/L with an acceptable predictive accuracy of 76%.Conclusions:In neonates and infants, CRP kinetics is not useful to predict infection in the first 72 hours after CPBP surgery due to the inflammatory response. However, in the late post-operative period, CRP is a valuable adjunctive diagnostic test in conjunction with clinical presentation and microbiological diagnostics.
Comparison of myocardial T1 mapping during breath-holding and free-breathing
Authors: Oka Hideharu , Nakau Kouichi , Nakagawa Sadahiro , Kobayashi Yuki , Imanishi Rina , Iwata Kunihiro , Azuma Hiroshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground:T1 mapping is a recently developed imaging analysis method that allows quantitative assessment of myocardial T1 values obtained using MRI. In children, MRI is performed under free-breathing. Thus, it is important to know the changes in T1 values between free-breathing and breath-holding. This study aimed to compare the myocardial T1 mapping during breath-holding and free-breathing.Methods:Thirteen patients and eight healthy volunteers underwent cardiac MRI, and T1 values obtained during breath-holding and free-breathing were examined and compared. Statistical differences were determined using the paired t-test.Results:The mean T1 values during breath-holding were 1211.1 ± 39.0 ms, 1209.7 ± 37.4 ms, and 1228.9 ± 52.5 ms in the basal, mid, and apical regions, respectively, while the mean T1 values during free-breathing were 1165.1 ± 69.0 ms, 1103.7 ± 55.8 ms, and 1112.0 ± 81.5 ms in the basal, mid, and apical regions, respectively. The T1 values were lower during free-breathing than during breath-holding in almost all segments (basal: p = 0.008, mid: p < 0.001, apical: p < 0.001). The mean T1 values in each cross section were 3.1, 7.8, and 7.7% lower during free-breathing than during breath-holding in the basal, mid, and apical regions, respectively.Conclusions:We found that myocardial T1 values during free-breathing were about 3–8% lower in all cross sections than those during breath-holding. In free-breathing, it may be difficult to assess myocardial T1 values, except in the basal region, because of underestimation; thus, the findings should be interpreted with caution, especially in children.
The Dependence of Ecosystem Water Use Partitioning on Vegetation Productivity at the Inter‐Annual Time Scale
Authors: Jing Zhaoxia , Cheng Lei , Zhang Lu , Wang Ying‐Ping , Liu Pan , Zhang Xiang , Wang Qilin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe dependence of inter‐annual ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET) partitioning on vegetation dynamics is crucial for understanding the long term coupling relationship between the water and carbon cycles. The objective of this study was to determine the spatial variation of ET partitioning (T/ET) and the inter‐annual dependencies of T/ET on vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP). The investigation was conducted at the global scale based on seven global datasets and at the point scale at 37 flux sites. The spatial variations of T/ET were divided into three phases, that is, the rapidly increasing phase (P1), slowly increasing phase (P2), and decreasing phase (P3), which were located in arid and cold regions, temperate regions, and tropical rainforest regions, respectively. The three‐phase spatial variations were primarily driven by the different spatial variations of the two water use pathways (i.e., transpiration, T and evaporation, E) in ecosystems with different productivity levels. In P1 and P2 ecosystems, the inter‐annual dependencies of T/ET on GPP were mostly positive, and in P3 ecosystems, it was mostly negative. This revealed a significantly decreased dependence as GPP increased, which was attributed to the different dependencies of T and E on GPP. Based on the effects of GPP on ET under climate variations (represented by precipitation, P), ET had the smallest inter‐annual variations in most of global vegetated grid cells due to the joint regulation of T and E by GPP and P. This study highlights the significant role of vegetation productivity in regulating inter‐annual ET partitioning, and improves understandings on the coupled water‐carbon cycles.
Stress‐Driven Failure of Cylindrical Volcanic Conduits
Authors: Mullet B. G. , Segall P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMany explosive volcanic eruption sequences are characterized by exceedingly unsteady behavior, often punctuated by multiple explosive phases, separated by hours to days. What causes this unsteady behavior is not fully understood. Here, we explore one possible mechanism: stress‐driven failure of the volcanic conduit wall rock. We present a multiphase conduit flow model that predicts the shear and normal tractions exerted on the conduit wall, and couple (one way) these tractions with a numerical model of host rock failure. While analytical estimations of host rock stress serve as useful guides, analytical approximations which ignore shear tractions are insufficient to adequately predict conduit instability. Failure generally initiates near the fragmentation depth, where shear tractions are highest and magma pressure is low relative to the lithostatic stress. Shear tractions on the conduit wall, caused by viscous drag, promote strain localization and failure. The in situ stress state not only determines the range of conduit pressures which promotes failure, but also influences the style of failure. The mechanism that is most likely to lead to the disruption of flow, where wall rock moves radially into the conduit along normal faults, occurs in extensional stress regimes when large shear tractions at the fragmentation depth enhance normal fault formation. The results of this study indicate that conduit stability strongly depends on the ambient stress field and the nature of conduit flow at the fragmentation depth.
Predicting Dominance of Sand Transport by Waves, Tides, and Their Interactions on Sandy Continental Shelves
Authors: King E. V. , Conley D. C. , Masselink G. , Leonardi N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWaves and tidal currents resuspend and transport shelf sediments, influencing sediment distributions and bedform morphology with implications for various disciplines including benthic habitats, marine operations, and marine spatial planning. Shelf‐scale assessments of wave‐tide‐dominance of sand transport tend not to fully include wave‐tide interactions, which nonlinearly enhance bed shear stress and apparent roughness, change the current profile, modulate wave forcing, and can dominate net sand transport. Assessment of the contribution of wave‐tide interactions to net sand transport requires computationally/labor intensive coupled numerical modeling, making comparison between regions or climate conditions challenging. Using the Northwest European Shelf, we show the dominant forcing mode and potential magnitude of net sand transport is predictable from readily available, uncoupled wave, tide, and morphological data in a computationally efficient manner using a k‐Nearest Neighbor algorithm. Shelf areas exhibit different dominant forcing modes for similar wave exceedance conditions, related to differences in depth, grain size, tide range, and wave exposure. Wave‐tide interactions dominate across most areas in energetic combined conditions. Meso‐macrotidal areas exhibit tide‐dominance while shallow, fine‐grained, microtidal regions show wave‐dominance over a statistically representative year, with wave‐tide interactions dominating extensively >30 m depth. Sediment transport mode strongly affects seabed morphology. Sand wave geometry varies significantly between predicted dominance classes with increased wave length and asymmetry, and decreased height, for increasing wave‐dominance. This approach efficiently indicates where simple noninteractive wave and tide processes may be sufficient for modeling sediment transport, and enables efficient interregional comparisons and sensitivity testing to changing climate conditions with applications globally.
FANCI plays an essential role in spermatogenesis and regulates meiotic histone methylation
Authors: Xu Lan , Xu Weiwei , Li Duan , Yu Xiaoxia , Gao Fei , Qin Yingying , Yang Yajuan , Zhao Shidou 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFANCI is an essential component of Fanconi anemia pathway, which is responsible for the repair of DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs). As an evolutionarily related partner of FANCD2, FANCI functions together with FANCD2 downstream of FA core complex. Currently, growing evidences showed that the essential role of FA pathway in male fertility. However, the underlying mechanisms for FANCI in regulating spermatogenesis remain unclear. In the present study, we found that the male Fanci−/− mice were sterile and exhibited abnormal spermatogenesis, including massive germ cell apoptosis in seminiferous tubules and dramatically decreased number of sperms in epididymis. Besides, FANCI deletion impaired maintenance of undifferentiated spermatogonia. Further investigation indicated that FANCI was essential for FANCD2 foci formation and regulated H3K4 and H3K9 methylation on meiotic sex chromosomes. These findings elucidate the role and mechanism of FANCI during spermatogenesis in mice and provide new insights into the etiology and molecular basis of nonobstructive azoospermia.
TRIM28 SUMOylates and stabilizes NLRP3 to facilitate inflammasome activation
Authors: Qin Ying , Li Qi , Liang Wenbo , Yan Rongzhen , Tong Li , Jia Mutian , Zhao Chunyuan , Zhao Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe cellular NLRP3 protein level is crucial for assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Various posttranslational modifications (PTMs), including phosphorylation and ubiquitination, control NLRP3 protein degradation and inflammasome activation; however, the function of small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) modification (called SUMOylation) in controlling NLRP3 stability and subsequent inflammasome activation is unclear. Here, we show that the E3 SUMO ligase tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28) is an enhancer of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by facilitating NLRP3 expression. TRIM28 binds NLRP3, promotes SUMO1, SUMO2 and SUMO3 modification of NLRP3, and thereby inhibits NLRP3 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Concordantly, Trim28 deficiency attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome activation both in vitro and in vivo. These data identify a mechanism by which SUMOylation controls the cellular NLRP3 level and inflammasome activation, and reveal correlations and interactions of NLRP3 SUMOylation and ubiquitination during inflammasome activation.
High thermoelectric performance enabled by convergence of nested conduction bands in Pb7Bi4Se13 with low thermal conductivity
Authors: Hu Lei , Fang Yue-Wen , Qin Feiyu , Cao Xun , Zhao Xiaoxu , Luo Yubo , Repaka Durga Venkata Maheswar , Luo Wenbo , Suwardi Ady , Soldi Thomas , Aydemir Umut , Huang Yizhong , Liu Zheng , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Xu Jianwei , Yan Qingyu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThermoelectrics enable waste heat recovery, holding promises in relieving energy and environmental crisis. Lillianite materials have been long-term ignored due to low thermoelectric efficiency. Herein we report the discovery of superior thermoelectric performance in Pb7Bi4Se13 based lillianites, with a peak figure of merit, zT of 1.35 at 800 K and a high average zT of 0.92 (450–800 K). A unique quality factor is established to predict and evaluate thermoelectric performances. It considers both band nonparabolicity and band gaps, commonly negligible in conventional quality factors. Such appealing performance is attributed to the convergence of effectively nested conduction bands, providing a high number of valley degeneracy, and a low thermal conductivity, stemming from large lattice anharmonicity, low-frequency localized Einstein modes and the coexistence of high-density moiré fringes and nanoscale defects. This work rekindles the vision that Pb7Bi4Se13 based lillianites are promising candidates for highly efficient thermoelectric energy conversion.
Identification of potent human neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 implications for development of therapeutics and prophylactics
Authors: Zhao Shaojuan , Zhang Huajun , Yang Xinglou , Zhang Haiwei , Chen Ying , Zhan Yancheng , Zhang Xiaoqing , Jiang Rendi , Liu Meiqin , Liu Lan , Chen Li , Tang Wei , Peng Cheng , Gao Xiaoxiao , Zhang Zhe , Shi Zhengli , Gong Rui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that is spreading rapidly, which seriously impacts global public health and economy. Thus, developing effective drugs remains urgent. We identify two potent antibodies, nCoVmab1 and nCoVmab2, targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) with high affinities from a naïve human phage-displayed Fab library. nCoVmab1 and nCoVmab2 neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2 with picomolar and nanomolar IC50 values, respectively. No detectable defects of nCoVmab1 and nCoVmab2 are found during the preliminary druggability evaluation. nCoVmab1 could reduce viral titer and lung injury when administered prophylactically and therapeutically in human angiotensin-converting enzyme II (hACE2)-transgenic mice. Therefore, phage display platform could be efficiently used for rapid development of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nmabs) with clinical potential against emerging infectious diseases. In addition, we determinate epitopes in RBD of these antibodies to elucidate the neutralizing mechanism. We also convert nCoVmab1 and nCoVmab2 to their germline formats for further analysis, which reveals the contribution of somatic hypermutation (SHM) during nCoVmab1 and nCoVmab2 maturation. Our findings not only provide two highly potent nmabs against SARS-CoV-2 as prophylactic and therapeutic candidates, but also give some clues for development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents (e.g., drugs and vaccines) targeting the RBD.
Detection and characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.526 in New York
Authors: West Anthony P. , Wertheim Joel O. , Wang Jade C. , Vasylyeva Tetyana I. , Havens Jennifer L. , Chowdhury Moinuddin A. , Gonzalez Edimarlyn , Fang Courtney E. , Di Lonardo Steve S. , Hughes Scott , Rakeman Jennifer L. , Lee Henry H. , Barnes Christopher O. , Gnanapragasam Priyanthi N. P. , Yang Zhi , Gaebler Christian , Caskey Marina , Nussenzweig Michel C. , Keeffe Jennifer R. , Bjorkman Pamela J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWide-scale SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing is critical to tracking viral evolution during the ongoing pandemic. We develop the software tool, Variant Database (VDB), for quickly examining the changing landscape of spike mutations. Using VDB, we detect an emerging lineage of SARS-CoV-2 in the New York region that shares mutations with previously reported variants. The most common sets of spike mutations in this lineage (now designated as B.1.526) are L5F, T95I, D253G, E484K or S477N, D614G, and A701V. This lineage was first sequenced in late November 2020. Phylodynamic inference confirmed the rapid growth of the B.1.526 lineage. In concert with other variants, like B.1.1.7, the rise of B.1.526 appears to have extended the duration of the second wave of COVID-19 cases in NYC in early 2021. Pseudovirus neutralization experiments demonstrated that B.1.526 spike mutations adversely affect the neutralization titer of convalescent and vaccinee plasma, supporting the public health relevance of this lineage.