bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boson stars and solitons confined in a Minkowski box
Authors: Dias Oscar J. C. , Masachs Ramon , Rodgers Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider the static charged black hole bomb system, originally designed for a (uncharged) rotating superradiant system by Press and Teukolsky. A charged scalar field confined in a Minkowski cavity with a Maxwell gauge field has a quantized spectrum of normal modes that can fit inside the box. Back-reacting non-linearly these normal modes, we find the hairy solitons, a.k.a boson stars (depending on the chosen U(1) gauge), of the theory. The scalar condensate is totally confined inside the box and, outside it, we have the Reissner-Nordström solution. The Israel junction conditions at the box surface layer determine the stress tensor that the box must have to confine the scalar hair. Some of these horizonless hairy solutions exist for any value of the scalar field charge and not only above the natural critical charges of the theory (namely, the critical charges for the onset of the near-horizon and superradiant instabilities of the Reissner-Nordström black hole). However, the ground state solutions have a non-trivial intricate phase diagram with a main and a secondary family of solitons (some with a Chandrasekhar mass limit but others without) and there are a third and a fourth critical scalar field charges where the soliton spectra changes radically. Most of these intricate properties are not captured by a higher order perturbative analysis of the problem where we simply back-react a normal mode of the system.
On the Raşa Inequality for Higher Order Convex Functions
Authors: Komisarski Andrzej , Rajba Teresa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe study the following $$(q-1)$$

(
q
-
1
)

th convex ordering relation for qth convolution power of the difference of probability distributions $$\mu $$
μ
and $$\nu $$
ν
$$\begin{aligned} (\nu -\mu )^{*q}\ge _{(q-1)cx} 0 , \quad q\ge 2, \end{aligned}$$

(
ν
-
μ
)

∗
q

≥

(
q
-
1
)
c
x

0
,

q
≥
2
,

and we obtain the theorem providing a useful sufficient condition for its verification. We apply this theorem for various families of probability distributions and we obtain several inequalities related to the classical interpolation operators. In particular, taking binomial distributions, we obtain a new, very short proof of the inequality given recently by Abel and Leviatan (2020).
Dielectric and surface properties of wood modified with NaCl aqueous solutions and treated with FE-DBD atmospheric plasma
Authors: Žigon Jure , Petrič Marko , Dahle Sebastian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe hygroscopic and electrical properties of the wood surface of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and common beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) were altered by the application of differently concentrated NaCl aqueous solutions. The presence of Na+ and Cl– ions increased the equilibrium moisture content in both woods in environments with a relative humidity of 75% to a nearly saturated state. The electrical resistance of the wood decreased, while the electrical capacitance of the wood increased with increasing amounts of NaCl introduced. Inverse trends were observed for both properties in wood modified with the two most concentrated solutions (18 and 36% molality). Microscopic analysis of the outer layers of the wood samples using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that the amount of NaCl decreased linearly up to about 1 mm from the modified surface. The presence of Na+ and Cl– ions in wood increased the intensity and improved the homogeneity of the plasma discharge generated during treatment of samples in air at atmospheric pressure. Both modification of wood with NaCl and subsequent treatment with plasma increased the surface roughness of the substrates. Finally, it was shown that the wettability of wood with a waterborne coating was improved after plasma treatment, regardless of the presence of NaCl on the surface. These findings have a good potential not only for the study of surface treatment processes of wood with plasma discharges, but also for other technical applications of lignocellulosic materials.
The safest time to fly: pandemic response in the era of Fox News
Authors: Ananyev Maxim , Poyker Michael , Tian Yuan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe document a causal effect of the conservative Fox News Channel in the USA on physical distancing during COVID-19 pandemic. We measure county-level mobility covering all US states and District of Columbia produced by GPS pings to 15–17 million smartphones and zip-code-level mobility using Facebook location data. Using the historical position of Fox News Channel in the cable lineup as the source of exogenous variation, we show that increased exposure to Fox News led to a smaller reduction in distance traveled and a smaller increase in the probability of staying home after the national emergency declaration in the USA. Our results show that slanted media can have a harmful effect on containment efforts during a pandemic by affecting people’s behavior.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of genetic association studies of pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Allen-Brady Kristina , Chua John W. F. , Cuffolo Romana , Koch Marianne , Sorrentino Felice , Cartwright Rufus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroduction and hypothesisFamily and twin studies demonstrate that pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is heritable, but the genetic etiology is poorly understood. This review aimed to identify genetic loci and specific polymorphisms associated with POP, while assessing the strength, consistency, and risk of bias among reported associations.MethodsUpdating an earlier systematic review, PubMed and HuGE Navigator as well as relevant conference abstracts were searched using genetic and phenotype keywords from 2015 to 2020. Screening and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Fixed and random effects meta-analyses were conducted using co-dominant models of inheritance. We assessed credibility of pooled associations using interim Venice criteria.ResultsWe screened 504 new abstracts and included 46 published and 7 unpublished studies. In pooled analyses we found significant associations for four polymorphisms: rs2228480 at theESR1gene (OR 0.67 95% CI 0.46–0.98, I2 = 0.0%, Venice rating BAB), rs12589592 at theFBLN5gene (OR 1.46 95% CI 1.11–1.82, I2 = 36.3%, Venice rating BBB), rs484389 in thePGRgene (OR 0.61 95% CI 0.39–0.96, I2 = 32.4%, Venice rating CBB), and rs1800012 at theCOL1A1gene (OR 0.80 95% CI 0.66–0.96, I2 = 0.0%, Venice rating BAB). Further credible novel variants have also been recently identified in genome-wide association studies.ConclusionThe genetic contributions to POP remain poorly understood. Several biologically plausible variants have been identified, but much work is required to establish the role of these genes in the pathogenesis of POP or to establish a role for genetic testing in clinical practice.
On the Diffusive-Mean Field Limit for Weakly Interacting Diffusions Exhibiting Phase Transitions
Authors: Delgadino Matias G. , Gvalani Rishabh S. , Pavliotis Grigorios A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe objective of this article is to analyse the statistical behaviour of a large number of weakly interacting diffusion processes evolving under the influence of a periodic interaction potential. We focus our attention on the combined mean field and diffusive (homogenisation) limits. In particular, we show that these two limits do not commute if the mean field system constrained to the torus undergoes a phase transition, that is to say, if it admits more than one steady state. A typical example of such a system on the torus is given by the noisy Kuramoto model of mean field plane rotators. As a by-product of our main results, we also analyse the energetic consequences of the central limit theorem for fluctuations around the mean field limit and derive optimal rates of convergence in relative entropy of the Gibbs measure to the (unique) limit of the mean field energy below the critical temperature.
Vitamin D Supplementation for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Trials Investigating the Response to Supplementation and an Overview of Guidelines
Authors: Christodoulou Marilena , Aspray Terence J. , Schoenmakers Inez 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA large proportion of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are vitamin D deficient (plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) < 25 or 30 nmol/L per UK and US population guidelines) and this contributes to the development of CKD–mineral bone disease (CKD–MBD). Gaps in the evidence-base for the management of vitamin D status in relation to CKD–MBD are hindering the formulation of comprehensive guidelines. We conducted a systemic review of 22 RCTs with different forms of vitamin D or analogues with CKD–MBD related outcomes and meta-analyses for parathyroid hormone (PTH). We provide a comprehensive overview of current guidelines for the management of vitamin D status for pre-dialysis CKD patients. Vitamin D supplementation had an inconsistent effect on PTH concentrations and meta-analysis showed non- significant reduction (P = 0.08) whereas calcifediol, calcitriol and paricalcitol consistently reduced PTH. An increase in Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) with analogue administration was found in all 3 studies reporting FGF23, but was unaltered in 4 studies with vitamin D or calcifediol. Few RCTS reported markers of bone metabolism and variations in the range of markers prevented direct comparisons. Guidelines for CKD stages G1–G3a follow general population recommendations. For the correction of deficiency general or CKD-specific patient guidelines provide recommendations. Calcitriol or analogues administration is restricted to stages G3b–G5 and depends on patient characteristics. In conclusion, the effect of vitamin D supplementation in CKD patients was inconsistent between studies. Calcifediol and analogues consistently suppressed PTH, but the increase in FGF23 with calcitriol analogues warrants caution.
Cetacean occurrence in the Gulf of Alaska from long-term passive acoustic monitoring
Authors: Rice Ally , Širović Ana , Trickey Jennifer S. , Debich Amanda J. , Gottlieb Rachel S. , Wiggins Sean M. , Hildebrand John A. , Baumann-Pickering Simone 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Gulf of Alaska is an important habitat for a diverse array of marine mammals, many of which were severely depleted by historical whaling. To study current cetacean distributions in this region, passive acoustic monitoring was used to detect species-specific call types between 2011 and 2015 at five locations spanning the continental shelf, slope, and offshore seamounts. Spatial and temporal detection patterns were examined for nine species to compare differences in behavior and habitat use. Mysticetes showed seasonal increases in calling that indicated possible behavioral shifts between feeding and breeding in blue (Balaenoptera musculus), fin (B. physalus), and humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) whales, and matched known migration timing of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus). Interannual changes in blue and fin whale calling may relate to the marine heat wave that began in 2013 and lasted through the end of the monitoring period. Odontocete detections revealed unique spatial distributions, with killer whales (Orcinus orca) most common on the continental shelf and sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) most common on the continental slope, where detections occurred year-round. Beaked whales showed both spatial and temporal separation: Baird’s beaked whale (Berardius bairdii) detections were highest at Quinn Seamount in the spring, Cuvier’s (Ziphius cavirostris) at Pratt Seamount in winter, and Stejneger’s (Mesoplodon stejnegeri) on the continental slope in the fall. The year-round presence of many species highlights the ecological importance of the Gulf of Alaska and the spatiotemporal information reported here should inform future conservation efforts.
The impact of susceptibility correction on diffusion metrics in adolescents
Authors: Lahti Katri , Parkkola Riitta , Jääsaari Päivi , Haataja Leena , Saunavaara Virva ,   On behalf of the PIPARI Study Group, Ahtola Annarilla , Ekblad Mikael , Ekblad Satu , Ekholm Eeva , Grönroos Linda , Haataja Leena , Huhtala Mira , Jaakkola Jere , Joensuu Eveliina , Karukivi Max , Kero Pentti , Korja Riikka , Lahti Katri , Lapinleimu Helena , Lehtonen Liisa , Lehtonen Tuomo , Leppänen Marika , Lind Annika , Manninen Hanna , Koivisto Mari , Mattson Mira , Maunu Jonna , Munck Petriina , Määttänen Laura , Niemi Pekka , Nyman Anna , Palo Pertti , Parkkola Riitta , Ripatti Liisi , Rautava Päivi , Saarinen Katriina , Saarinen Tiina , Saunavaara Virva , Setänen Sirkku , Sillanpää Matti , Stolt Suvi , Tuomikoski-Koiranen Päivi , Tuovinen Timo , Uusitalo Karoliina , Väliaho Anniina , Ylijoki Milla 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiffusion tensor imaging is a widely used imaging method of brain white matter, but it is prone to imaging artifacts. The data corrections can affect the measured values.ObjectiveTo explore the impact of susceptibility correction on diffusion metrics.Materials and methodsA cohort of 27 healthy adolescents (18 boys, 9 girls, mean age 12.7 years) underwent 3-T MRI, and we collected two diffusion data sets (anterior–posterior). The data were processed both with and without susceptibility artifact correction. We derived fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity and histogram data of fiber length distribution from both the corrected and uncorrected data, which were collected from the corpus callosum, corticospinal tract and cingulum bilaterally.ResultsFractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity values significantly differed when comparing the pathways in all measured tracts. The fractional anisotropy values were lower and the mean diffusivity values higher in the susceptibility-corrected data than in the uncorrected data. We found a significant difference in total tract length in the corpus callosum and the corticospinal tract.ConclusionThis study indicates that susceptibility correction has a significant effect on measured fractional anisotropy, and on mean diffusivity values and tract lengths. To receive reliable and comparable results, the correction should be used systematically.
Performance of a new natural oral contrast agent (LumiVision®) in dynamic MR swallowing
Authors: Kulinna-Cosentini Christiane , Arnoldner Michael A. , Schima Wolfgang , Kristo Ivan , Schoppmann Sebastian F. , Weber Michael , Cosentini Enrico P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate image quality by first use of LumiVision® in dynamic MR swallowing, a contrast medium consisting of biological substances versus a gadolinium-buttermilk mixture in patients who underwent Nissen fundoplication due to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Methods
The protocol of this retrospective study was approved by the local Institutional Review Board. A hundred twenty-nine patients (146 examinations) underwent a dynamic MR swallowing study (at 1.5 T or 3.0 T) and received an oral contrast agent. Two readers evaluated the distention of the esophagus, contrast, and traceability of the bolus in a 3-point scale. A steady-state coherent sequence (B-FFE, TrueFISP) was used. The patients were divided into 3 different groups: 53 patients received gadolinium chelate (Dotarem®)–buttermilk mixture (GBM) in a dilution of 1:40 as an oral contrast agent; 44 patients received LumiVision® water mixture (LWM) in a dilution of 1:1 and 49 patients received LumiVision® (L) undiluted.

Results
GBM showed significantly better results in overall evaluation for both readers in contrast to LWM (p = .003, p = .002). L also reached significantly better results in overall evaluation than LWM in both readers (p = .004, p = .042). There was no significant difference in the overall evaluation between L and GBM (p = .914, p = .376).According to Landis and Koch, interobserver agreement was “substantial” (Cohen’s kappa = 0.738) between both readers.

Conclusion
LumiVision® undiluted showed equal image quality compared to gadolinium-buttermilk mixture. The constellation of LumiVision® water mixture led to a clearly negative result in relation to the image quality compared to LumiVision® undiluted. Therefore, oral ingestion of LumiVision® undiluted is recommended for MR swallowing examinations.

Key Points
• LumiVision® undiluted shows significantly better image quality in comparison to LumiVision® diluted in oral application in swallowing MRI.
• LumiVision® undiluted shows equal image quality in comparison to gadolinium-buttermilk mixture in oral application.
• Oral ingestion of LumiVision® undiluted can replace gadolinium-buttermilk mixture in oral MR examinations.
Aeroacoustic noise reduction by application of end plates on wall-mounted finite airfoils
Authors: Schneehagen Erik , Geyer Thomas F. , Sarradj Ennes , Moreau Danielle J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
One known method to reduce vortex shedding from the tip of a blade is the use of end plates or winglets. Although the aerodynamic impact of such end plates has been investigated in the past, no studies exist on the effect of such end plates on the far-field noise. The aeroacoustic noise reduction of three different end-plate geometries is experimentally investigated. The end plates are applied to the free end of a wall-mounted symmetric NACA 0012 airfoil and a cambered NACA 4412 airfoil with an aspect ratio of 2 and natural boundary layer transition. Microphone array measurements are taken in the aeroacoustic open-jet wind tunnel at BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg for chord-based Reynolds numbers between 75,000 and 225,000 and angles of attack from 0$$^\circ$$

∘

to 30$$^\circ$$

∘

. The obtained acoustic spectra show a broad frequency hump for the airfoil base configurations at higher angles of attack that is attributed to tip noise. Hot-wire measurements taken for one configuration show that the application of an end plate diffuses the vorticity at the tip. The aeroacoustic noise contribution of the tip can be reduced when the endplates are applied. This reduction is most effective for higher angles of attack, when the tip vortex is the dominant sound source.

Graphic abstract
Gynecological and psycho-sexual aspects of women with history of anorectal malformations
Authors: Bicelli Noemi , Trovalusci Emanuele , Zannol Monica , Gamba Piergiorgio , Bogana Gianna , Zanatta Cinzia , Midrio Paola 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Women with anorectal malformation (ARM) are expected to have a normal life span, therefore, gynecological and psycho-sexual issues are also important. Aim of the study was to assess these aspects in adult females with history of ARM.

Methods
Thirty-seven women from two ARM referral centers, aged ≥ 16, were identified. Gynecologic visit, cervicovaginal swab, pelvic ultrasound, FSH, LH, prolactin, progesterone, 17–β–estradiol, DHEAS, testosterone, TSH during follicular and luteal phases, and administration of FSFI questionnaire to screen the female sexual functioning were performed. Data were compared with six controls.

Results
Nineteen patients, mean age 21.7 (16–45), participated to the study. Associated anomalies, mostly affecting limbs, vertebrae and genitalia, were present in 57.8% of cases. Mullerian anomalies were retrieved in 36.8%. Hormones’ levels were normal. Concerning sexual functioning, four women (21%) reported dyspareunia or impossible penetration, four did not answer the FSFI questionnaire due to lack of confidence about their sexuality, and three scored lower than the cut-off value for female sexual function.

Conclusion
This study confirms the importance of a multidisciplinary long-term follow-up for ARM patients, including a careful study of the reproductive tract to detect and treat those conditions that could affect the fertility. Moreover, an appropriate psychological support should be provided.
Transmissible α-synuclein seeding activity in brain and stomach of patients with Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Thomzig Achim , Wagenführ Katja , Pinder Phillip , Joncic Marion , Schulz-Schaeffer Walter J. , Beekes Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCerebral deposition of abnormally aggregated α-synuclein (αSyn) is a neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD-associated αSyn (αSynPD) aggregates can act as proteinaceous nuclei (“seeds”) able of self-templated propagation. Since this is strikingly reminiscent to properties of proteinaceous infectious particles (prions), lessons learned from prion diseases suggest to test whether transferred αSynPD can propagate and induce neurological impairments or disease in a new host. Two studies that addressed this question provided divergent results. Intracerebral (i.c.) injection of Lewy body extracts from PD patients caused cerebral αSyn pathology, as well as nigrostriatal neurodegeneration, of wild-type mice and macaques, with the mice also showing motor impairments (Recasens et al. 2014, Ann Neurol 75:351–362). In contrast, i.c. transmission of homogenates from PD brains did not stimulate, after “> 360” days post-injection (dpi), pathological αSyn conversion or clinical symptoms in transgenic TgM83+/− mice hemizygously expressing mutated (A53T) human αSyn (Prusiner et al. 2015, PNAS 112:E5308–E5317). To advance the assessment of possible αSynPD hazards by providing further data, we examined neuropathological and clinical effects upon i.c. transmission of brain, stomach wall and muscle tissue as well as blood from PD patients in TgM83+/− mice up to 612 dpi. This revealed a subtle, yet distinctive stimulation of localized αSyn aggregation in the somatodendritic compartment and dystrophic neurites of individual or focally clustered cerebral neurons after challenge with brain and stomach wall homogenates. No such effect was observed with transmitted blood or homogenized muscle tissue. The detected stimulation of αSyn aggregation was not accompanied by apparent motor impairments or overt neurological disease in TgM83+/− mice. Our study substantiated that transmitted αSynPD seeds, including those from the stomach wall, are able to propagate in new mammalian hosts. The consequences of such propagation and potential safeguards need to be further investigated.