bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An efficient synthesis of novel isoxazole bearing pyrazole derivatives via [3 + 2] heteroannulation using cupric acetate
Authors: Audichya Vipul B. , Savant Mahesh M. , Naliapara Yogesh T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of novel 3‐(4,5‐dichloro‐2‐fluorophenyl)‐1‐phenyl‐4‐(3‐phenylisoxazol‐5‐yl)‐1H‐pyrazole(7a–p) has been achieved via [3 + 2] heteroannulation reaction 3‐(3‐[4,5‐dichloro‐2‐fluorophenyl]‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐1‐phenylprop‐2‐en‐1‐one(6a–p) and hydroxylamine hydro chloride using cupric acetate as homogenous precatalyst. Pyrazole derivatives were prepared by using etidronic acid as catalyst followed by Vilsmeier‐Haack reaction. An efficient green synthesis of isoxazole derivatives bearing pyrazole ring has been demonstrated with excellent yields. Structures of novel isoxazole derivatives were confirmed by elemental analysis and 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass, IR spectral studies.
Setal descriptions, locations, and abundances: Their impacts on decorating behaviors in the spider crab Libinia (Crustacea: Epialtidae)
Authors: Wortham Jen Lynn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe setal abundances and distributions of the spider crab Libinia are examined, using two species. These spider crabs decorate their bodies with environmental materials and camouflage from predators. These decorations attach to hooked setae, but other types setae are prevalent in body regions where decorations occur. Adult crabs undergo a terminal molt and lose the ability to regrow setae. Little is known about setal changes over the lifetime in these crabs and if hooked setae abundance decreases with age, resulting in a loss of camouflage strategy in larger individuals. The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and abundance of hooked and non‐hooked setae in the decorated body regions and if these setal patterns vary by species and body size. Scanning electron microscopy is used along with computer software to describe, count, and measure the setal coverage of hooked and non‐hooked setae in body regions. Small individuals have more hooked setae than larger individuals and the two species have different setal abundances of hooked and non‐hooked setae. Non‐hooked setae cover much surface areas of crabs, attach decorations, and remain on the crabs even when hooked setae are damaged and broken. Setal morphologies and fouling are described among different sized crabs and the two species, with setal types and morphologies being similar but fouling being different. Large individuals likely employ a different camouflage strategy than small individuals due to losing hooked setae but retaining non‐hooked setae.
Spatial and temporal patterns of planetary boundary layer height during 1979–2018 over the Tibetan Plateau using ERA5
Authors: Slättberg Nils , Lai Hui‐Wen , Chen Xuelong , Ma Yaoming , Chen Deliang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPlanetary boundary layer height (PBLH) is a key meteorological parameter that is affected by and influences exchanges of energy, momentum, and mass between the surface and the atmosphere, but there are few comprehensive studies on the PBLH climatology over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). This study presents a multi‐decadal climatology of PBLH over the TP by using high‐resolution reanalysis data (ERA5) for the period 1979–2018. The ERA5 PBLH was first evaluated against radiosonde‐derived PBLH from four sites. For most of the observation periods and sites, ERA5 captured the diurnal cycles reasonably well, although the highest peaks in the radiosonde‐derived PBLH were often not captured. Next, long‐term means and trends, seasonality and diurnal cycles of the PBLHs were examined. The results show that average PBLHs in the central and southwestern TP are higher than those in the west and east. On an interannual time scale, the PBLH is positively correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation in western and southeastern TP in winter, eastern TP in summer, and central TP in autumn, while a negative correlation is seen for northeastern TP in winter. The summertime PBLH in the central and southwestern TP is negatively correlated to the Indian summer monsoon. As for the seasonal cycle, the PBLH in the western TP reaches its peak in August, while the PBLH in the eastern TP exhibits an earlier summer peak in June. In the central TP, the PBLH is the highest in April and displays a minimum during summer, corresponding to a precipitation peak and a dip in surface sensible heat flux. The climatological diurnal cycles of PBLH are generally affected by the insolation and reach their peaks in the afternoon when a large range in PBLH variation is also found.
Flavone, flavanone and flavonol metabolism from soybean and flaxseed extracts by the intestinal microbiota of adults and infants
Authors: Landete José M 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFlaxseed and soybean are an important source of lignans and flavonoids. Previously, the metabolism of isoflavones and lignans from soybean and flaxseed extracts by the microbiota of adult individuals (n = 14) and infants (n = 23) was analyzed. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the metabolism of flavones, flavanones and flavonols, as well as the production of phenolic acids, by the intestinal microbiota of these individuals.RESULTSConcentrations of aglycones of flavonoids, such as herbacetin, quercetin, quercetagetin, myricetin, kaempferol, apigenin and luteolin, increased for most of individuals as a consequence of deglycosylation reactions. On the other hand, a diminution in the antioxidant activity and phenolic compound concentration and an increase in the concentration of 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐propionic acid, protocatechuic acid and catechol was also observed.CONCLUSIONThe present study found that deglycosylation reactions were the main reactions and accelerated the formation of more bioavailable flavonoids, with greater biological activity, in most of the individuals. However, other reactions also occurred, including the total or partial catabolism of flavonoids. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Digestive properties of half‐fin anchovy hydrolysates/glucose Maillard reaction products and modulation effects on intestinal microbiota
Authors: Song Ru , Shi Min , Gu Luo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe consumption of dietary Maillard reaction products (MRPs) might lead to positive or negative effects on health. The digestibility of half‐fin anchovy hydrolysates/glucose MRPs (HAHp(9.0)‐G MRPs) was therefore determined. The intestinal microbiota modulation of HAHp(9.0)‐G MRPs in mice was also evaluated after administration for 14 days (1 g kg−1•bodyweight).RESULTSDifferent levels of digestibility of MRPs of fructosamine and advanced glycation products of Nε‐carboxymethyllysine were detected in HAHp(9.0)‐G MRPs during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. An increased relative proportion of soluble fluorescent melanoidins (SFMs) was observed during gastric digestion as compared to that in the original HAHp(9.0)‐G MRPs, followed by decreases in SFMs in intestinal digestion. After feeding with HAHp(9.0)‐G MRPs for 14 days, increased goblet cells were observed in the ileum regions of female and male mice. High‐throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of fecal samples revealed that HAHp(9.0)‐G MRPs administration increased the density of the phylum Bacteriodetes and reduced the density of the phylum Firmicutes in male mice. By comparison, a relatively higher density of members of the phylum Saccharibacteria was observed in female mice. A consistent increase in the abundance of Bacteroidales_S24‐7_group_norank was found in female and male groups fed with HAHp(9.0)‐G MRPs. Female and male mice treated with HAHp(9.0)‐G MRPs also showed higher levels of propionic and butyric acids in feces than their corresponding controls.CONCLUSIONHalf‐fin anchovy hydrolysates/glucose MRPs can be partly hydrolyzed in the simulated gastrointestinal digestion system. Treatment with HAHp(9.0)‐G MRPs induced sex‐related differences in bacterial abundance and diversity in mice; however, the up‐regulation of anti‐inflammatory activity was predicted in both female and male mice. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Vortex‐assisted dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction for the analysis of main active compounds from Zi‐Cao‐Cheng‐Qi decoction based on a hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Xue Jiao , Yang Li , Chen Xuan , Bai Xiao‐Hong , Hu Shuang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, a vortex‐assisted hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction was developed and used for the extraction and preconcentration of six main active compounds in Zi‐Cao‐Cheng‐Qi decoction. The deep eutectic solvent, prepared by mixing tetrabutylammonium chloride and hexanoic acid at a molar ratio of 1:1, was added to the sample solution containing the analytes. In the absence of disperser, the extractant was rapidly dispersed into fine droplets by the aid of vortex and adequately contacted with the analytes. Some key parameters affecting the approach including extraction solvent type and volume, sample phase pH, extraction time, centrifugation time, and salt concentration were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, enrichment factors of the target analytes were in the range of 3–330. The calibration graphs were linear with a correlation coefficient (r) ≥ 0.9929. The detection limits were 0.3–0.9 ng/mL, and the satisfactory precisions (relative standard deviations, 0.5–8.9%) and accuracies (relative recoveries, 91.1–102.2%) were also obtained. The developed method was rapid (only 2 min), eco‐friendly, effective, and easy to operate. And it has been successfully applied to simultaneous extraction, enrichment, and determination of the main active compounds in a traditional Chinese medicinal formula coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography.
Water‐saving techniques for restoring desertified lands: Some lessons from the field
Authors: Carabassa Vicenç , Alba‐Patiño Daniela , García Sergio , Campo Julián , Lovenstein Harrie , Van Leijen Gertruud , Castro Antonio J. , González Francisco , Viera Gustavo , Kourkoumpas Dimitrios‐Sotirios , Zioga Argyro Aliki , Papadelis Christos Emmanouel , Andreu Vicente , Gimeno Eugènia , Kallen Sven , Alcañiz Josep Maria 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNature‐based solutions can significantly contribute to restoration projects in areas affected by desertification processes, where they are necessary for reversing land degradation. Currently, one innovative solution is The Cocoon™, which has been designed as a new ecotechnology for improving seedling establishment. The Cocoon consists of a doughnut‐shaped container made of recycled cardboard that provides water and shelter at least during the first year of a seedling, which is the most critical for plant establishment. To determine the effectiveness of this ecotechnology under different conditions, the Cocoon was tested on a variety of soils, climates, vegetation, and land uses. Six planting trials were performed in Spain and Greece, which covered a range from humid to arid climates. With the objective of studying its functionality, the survival of the seedlings, their vigor, and growth were monitored for 2 years. Compared with conventional planting systems, the Cocoon has effectively increased seedling survival, especially under dry growing conditions (low rainfall, soils with low water holding capacity). The Cocoon also allowed for higher growth of some species (olive trees, holm oaks, and Aleppo pines). Moreover, a positive correlation between the rainfall on the site and the biodegradation degree of the Cocoon device was observed. Overall, the Cocoon becomes more efficient in arid climates or adverse growing conditions.
The use of recycled elastomeric materials for sustainability in circular economy
Authors: Kumawat Pankaj , Chanda Jagannath , Kotadiya Hemil , Das Sanjit Kumar , Das Gupta Saikat , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe use of scrapped elastomeric goods primarily service failed or worn‐out tires is a challenging task for the rubber society. To address this issue, recycling and reusing of these tires by different technique bring major relief toward environmental concern. Recycling technology generates secondary raw materials, which are important resources for manufacturing industries and contribute significantly for the sustainability in circular economy. In this work, an effort was made to understand the retention of physical properties as a function of crumb rubber loading and particle size. Four different sizes of cryogenically shredded crumb rubber particles (120, 140, 200, and 270 mesh) were physicochemically characterized and incorporated by 10 phr of each in two different grades of carbon black–filled, natural rubber–based tread compound. The mixed compounds were characterized and compared with the control one. Optical microscope and scanning electron microscope analyses concluded that the finer the particle size, the better is the dispersion of crumb rubber particles which provide superior mechanical, extrusion, and wear properties. Tensile properties were retained around 95%–97% for both 270‐mesh loaded compounds, which indicates that reduction in particle size can increase the volume of recycled product utilization.
Wearable devices for tracking physical activity in the community after an acquired brain injury: A systematic review
Authors: Veerubhotla Akhila , Krantz Amanda , Ibironke Oluwaseun , Pilkar Rakesh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe application of wearable devices in individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) resulting from stroke or traumatic brain injury (TBI) for monitoring physical activity (PA) has been relatively recent. The current systematic review aims to provide insights into the adaption of these devices, the outcome metrics, and their transition from the laboratory to the community for PA monitoring of individuals with ABI.Literature SurveyThe PubMed and Google Scholar databases were systematically reviewed using appropriate search terms. A total of 20 articles were reviewed from the last 15 years.MethodologyArticles were classified into three categories: PA measurement studies, PA classification studies, and validation studies. The quality of studies was assessed using a quality appraisal checklist.SynthesisIt was found that the transition of wearable devices from in‐lab to community‐based studies in individuals with stroke has started but is not widespread. The transition of wearable devices in the community has not yet started for individuals with TBI. Accelerometer‐based devices were more frequently chosen than pedometers and inertial measurement units. No consensus on a preferred wearable device (make or model) or wear location could be identified, although step count was the most common outcome metric. The accuracy and validity of most outcome metrics used in the community were not reported for many studies.ConclusionsTo facilitate future studies using wearable devices for PA measurement in the community, we recommend that researchers provide details on the accuracy and validity of the outcome metrics specific to the study environment. Once the accuracy and validity are established for a specific population, wearable devices and their derived outcomes can provide objective information on mobility impairment as well as the effect of rehabilitation in the community.
Stakeholder‐informed conceptual framework for financial burden among adolescents and young adults with cancer
Authors: Danhauer Suzanne C. , Canzona Mollie , Tucker‐Seeley Reginald D. , Reeve Bryce B. , Nightingale Chandylen L. , Howard Dianna S. , Puccinelli‐Ortega Nicole , Little‐Greene Denisha , Salsman John M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundCancer and its treatments can result in substantial financial burden that may be especially distressing for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) since they are at a developmental stage focused on completing one's education and establishing independence. The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual model of financial burden among AYA cancer patients to inform development of a financial burden measure.MethodsIn‐depth concept elicitation interviews were conducted with a purposive‐selected stakeholder sample (36 AYAs and 36 AYA oncology health care providers). The constant comparative method was used to identify themes that illustrate AYAs' experience of financial burden by stakeholder groups.ResultsEleven financial burden themes emerged: (1) impact of socioeconomic status and age; (2) significant cancer costs; (3) indirect cost “ripple effects”; (4) limited awareness of costs (adolescents); (5) emotional impact; (6) feeling overwhelmed navigating the health care system; (7) treatment decision modifications; (8) reducing spending; (9) coping strategies; (10) financial support; and (11) long‐lasting impact. The conceptual model highlights the importance of material, psychosocial, and behavioral domains of financial burden with an emphasis on phase along the cancer continuum and developmental stage in the experience of financial burden for AYAs.ConclusionsIssues presented in the voice of AYA patients and providers highlight the profound impact of financial burden in this survivor group. The next step in this work will be to develop and test a patient‐reported measure of financial burden among AYA cancer survivors.
The combination of two Bacillus strains suppresses Meloidogyne incognita and fungal pathogens, but does not enhance plant growth
Authors: Cruz‐Magalhães Valter , Guimarães Rafaela A , da Silva Julio CP , de Faria Amanda F , Pedroso Márcio P , Campos Vicente P , Marbach Phellippe AS , de Medeiros Flávio HV , De Souza Jorge T 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe combination of biocontrol agents is a desirable strategy to improve control efficacy against the root‐knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita under field conditions. However, strains compatibility is generally tested in vitro and incompatible combinations are normally not further examined in experiments in planta. Therefore, there is virtually no information on the performance of incompatible strains. In this study, we evaluated two Bacillus strains previously described as incompatible in vitro for effects on plant growth and suppression of M. incognita, pathogenic fungi and nematophagous fungi.RESULTSStrains BMH and INV were shown to be closely related to Bacillus velezensis. These strains, when applied individually, reduced the number of galls and eggs of M. incognita by more than 90% in tomato roots. When BMH and INV were combined (BMH + INV), RKN suppression and tomato shoot weight were lower compared to single‐strain applications. Additionally, metabolites in cell‐free supernatants and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from strains BMH and INV had strong effects against the plant pathogens M. incognita, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsiii, but not against three species of nematophagous fungi. Although strain INV and the combination BMH + INV emitted fewer VOCs than strain BMH, they were still capable of killing second‐stage juveniles of M. incognita.CONCLUSIONSBacillus strains BMH and INV inhibited M. incognita and fungal pathogens, and promoted tomato growth. However, strain INV emitted fewer VOCs and the combination BMH + INV did not enhance the activity of the biocontrol strains against the RKN or their capacity to promote plant growth. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Synthesis, antibacterial evaluation, and safety assessment of CuS NPs against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum
Authors: Yan Weiyao , Fu Xuan , Gao Yuan , Shi Liyin , Liu Qi , Yang Wenchao , Feng Jianguo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCopper agents have been widely used in crop protection because of their unique mechanism against resistant pathogenic bacteria; however, their application brings environmental pollution and biosafety problems. Therefore, environmentally friendly copper agents have attracted attention. In this study, copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs) were prepared, characterized, analyzed for antibacterial activity and safety.RESULTSCharacterization results showed that the prepared pure CuS NPs have flake nanostructures, hexagonal crystal system, and size range from 40 to 60 nm. These CuS NPs exerted excellent antibacterial effects [median effective concentration (EC50) = 17 mg L−1] against Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) in vitro and can effectively delay and reduce bacterial infection in vivo. Antibacterial mechanism analysis revealed that CuS NPs can increase the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation and destroy the structure of bacterial cells as observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. These NPs can also inhibit the motility of Pcc. At 7 and 14 days, the 50% lethal concentrations (LC50) of CuS NPs against earthworms were 1136 and 783 mg kg−1, respectively, indicating their low acute toxicity to earthworms and environmental friendliness. Furthermore, the cells (L02) treated by CuS NPs showed relatively high cell viability (> 96%) and low apoptosis rate (only 5.2%), proving that CuS NPs had low cytotoxicity.CONCLUSIONCompared with commercial dicopper chloride trihydroxide (Cu2(OH)3Cl), CuS NPs could be used as a highly effective, lowly toxic, and environmentally friendly antibacterial agent. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Targeted delivery of emamectin benzoate by functionalized polysuccinimide nanoparticles for the flowering cabbage and controlling Plutella xylostella
Authors: Ye Xu , Liu Meichen , Zhao Ning , Xiao Chunxia , Xu Hanhong , Jia Jinliang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlutella xylostella, one of the most destructive and cosmopolitan pests of cruciferous crops, is especially harmful to the young tissues of the flowering cabbage (Brassica campestris L.). Although emamectin benzoate (EB) has high insecticidal activity against P. xylostella, one major reason of low utilization for EB is the lack of internal transport in the young plants.RESULTSIn this study, four kinds of functional EB/polysuccinimide (PSI) with glycine methylester nanoparticles (EB@PGA NPs) were prepared. The obtained EB@PGA NPs could effectively protect EB from photolysis, and the degradation rate of EB@PGA NPs was <30% in 24 h. Simulating the intestinal pH = 9 of P. xylostella, the highest cumulative release rate of EB@PGA NPs could reach 89.61% in 24 h. Furthermore, EB@PGA NPs could delivery EB into the young tissues of the flowering cabbage through the nanocarrier, and the highest transport efficiency of EB@PGA25 reached 1.437%. The bioactivity of EB@PGA25 against P. xylostella larvae (LC50 = 0.34 μg mL−1) was 1.6‐fold higher than that of EB (LC50 = 0.53 μg mL−1). EB@PGA could easily become ‘internalized’ into the intestinal wall of P. xylostella, thus increasing the penetration of the drug and enhancing the insecticidal activity.CONCLUSIONThe accurate delivery of insecticides by PGA nanocarriers into young tissues of plants could be a promising new method for the efficient management of field pests and diseases. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.