bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Genetic Characterization of Craniosynostosis in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamdi Malak , Alhumsi Taghreed R. , Altweijri Ikhlass , Alkhamis Waleed H. , Barasain Omar , Cardona-Londoño Kelly J. , Ramakrishnan Reshmi , Guzmán-Vega Francisco J. , Arold Stefan T. , Ali Ghaida , Adly Nouran , Ali Hebatallah , Basudan Ahmed , Bakhrebah Muhammed A. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Craniosynostosis (CS) is defined as pre-mature fusion of one or more of the cranial sutures. CS is classified surgically as either simple or complex based on the number of cranial sutures involved. CS can also be classified genetically as isolated CS or syndromic CS if the patient has extracranial deformities. Currently, the link between clinical and genetic patterns of CS in the Saudi population is poorly understood.Methodology: We conducted a retrospective cohort study among 28 CS patients, of which 24 were operated and four were not. Clinical and genetic data were collected between February 2015 and February 2019, from consenting patient's families. The electronic chart data were collected and analyzed including patient demographics, craniofacial features, other anomalies and dysmorphic features, operative data, intra cranial pressure (ICP), parent consanguinity and genetic testing results.Results: The most common deformity in our population was trigonocephaly. The most performed procedure was cranial vault reconstruction with fronto-orbital advancement, followed by posterior vault distraction osteogenesis and suturectomy with barrel staving. Genetics analysis revealed pathogenic mutations in FGFR2 (6 cases), TWIST1 (3 cases), ALPL (2 cases), and TCF12 (2 cases), and FREM1 (2 case).Conclusion: Compared to Western countries, our Saudi cohort displays significant differences in the prevalence of CS features, such as the types of sutures and prevalence of inherited CS. The genomic background allows our phenotype-genotype study to reclassify variants of unknown significance. Worldwide, the sagittal suture is the most commonly affected suture in simple CS, but in the Saudi population, the metopic suture fusion was most commonly seen in our clinic. Further studies are needed to investigate the characteristics of CS in our population in a multicenter setting.
Epiretinal Membrane Vitrectomy With and Without Intraoperative Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fallico Matteo , Maugeri Andrea , Romano Giovanni L. , Bucolo Claudio , Longo Antonio , Bonfiglio Vincenza , Russo Andrea , Avitabile Teresio , Barchitta Martina , Agodi Antonella , Pignatelli Francesco , Marolo Paola , Ventre Luca , Parisi Guglielmo , Reibaldi Michele 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of vitrectomy combined with intravitreal dexamethasone implant vs. vitrectomy without the implant in patients with epiretinal membrane (ERM) by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods: Studies that compared ERM vitrectomy with and without intraoperative dexamethasone implant with a follow-up ≥3 months were included. The primary outcome was mean best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) change between eyes undergoing ERM vitrectomy combined with dexamethasone implant (DEX group) and eyes undergoing ERM vitrectomy alone (control group) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included mean BCVA change at 6 months and mean optical coherence tomography central macular thickness (CMT) change at both 3-months and 6-months follow-up. Mean differences (MDs) with their 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated. Meta-analyses were based either on random effect model or fixed effect model according to heterogeneity.Results: Four studies were included. At 3 months, ERM vitrectomy combined with dexamethasone implant yielded a greater visual gain compared to vitrectomy alone (MD = 9.7; 95%CI = 2.6–16.8; p = 0.01). However, significant heterogeneity was found. A sensitivity analysis excluding the only retrospective non-randomized study confirmed a greater visual gain in the DEX group (MD = 7.1; 95%CI = 2.7–11.6; p &lt; 0.01), with no heterogeneity. At 6 months, a non-significant but borderline difference in visual gain was shown between in the two groups (MD = 5.1; 95%CI = −0.3–10.5; p = 0.06), with no heterogeneity. Three-month analysis of CMT revealed a greater reduction in the DEX group (MD = −80.2; 95%CI =−149.1–11.2; p = 0.02), but with significant heterogeneity. A sensitivity analysis excluding the only retrospective non-randomized study allowed to reduce heterogeneity, but no difference in 3-months CMT change was found between the two groups (MD = −50.0; 95%CI = −106.2–6.2; p = 0.08). At 6 months, no difference in CMT change was shown between the two groups (MD = −48.5; 95%CI = −120.5–23.5; p = 0.19), with significant heterogeneity.Conclusions: Intraoperative dexamethasone implant in eyes undergoing vitrectomy for ERM provided a better visual outcome at 3 months compared to ERM vitrectomy without the implant, with limited evidence of better anatomic outcome as well. Further studies are needed to ascertain whether dexamethasone implant would ensure a significant long-term visual benefit as a result of a faster reduction of macular thickening.
Melatonin as a Chronobiotic and Cytoprotective Agent in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Pérez-Lloret Santiago , Cardinali Daniel P. 
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the role that melatonin may have in the prevention and treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). In parkinsonian patients circulating melatonin levels are consistently disrupted and the potential therapeutic value of melatonin on sleep disorders in PD was examined in a limited number of clinical studies using 2–5 mg/day melatonin at bedtime. The low levels of melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor density in substantia nigra and amygdala found in PD patients supported the hypothesis that the altered sleep/wake cycle seen in PD could be due to a disrupted melatonergic system. Motor symptomatology is seen in PD patients when about 75% of the dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta region degenerate. Nevertheless, symptoms like rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), hyposmia or depression may precede the onset of motor symptoms in PD for years and are index of worse prognosis. Indeed, RBD patients may evolve to an α-synucleinopathy within 10 years of RBD onset. Daily bedtime administration of 3–12 mg of melatonin has been demonstrated effective in RDB treatment and may halt neurodegeneration to PD. In studies on animal models of PD melatonin was effective to curtail symptomatology in doses that allometrically projected to humans were in the 40–100 mg/day range, rarely employed clinically. Therefore, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies are urgently needed in this respect.
Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Activating SIRT1 Signaling and Inhibiting NADPH Oxidases
Authors: Luo Yunxia , Chen Hansen , Tsoi Bun , Wang Qi , Shen Jiangang 
Published: April 2021

Danggui-Shayao-San (DSS) is a famous Traditional Chinese Medicine formula that used for treating pain disorders and maintaining neurological health. Recent studies indicate that DSS has neuroprotective effects against ischemic brain damage but its underlining mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the neuroprotective mechanisms of DSS for treating ischemic stroke. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (S.D.) rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) plus 22 h of reperfusion. Both ethanol extract and aqueous extract of DSS (12 g/kg) were orally administrated into the rats at 30 min prior to MCAO ischemic onset. We found that 1) ethanol extract of DSS, instead of aqueous extract, reduced infarct sizes and improved neurological deficit scores in the post-ischemic stroke rats; 2) Ethanol extract of DSS down-regulated the expression of the cleaved-caspase 3 and Bax, up-regulated bcl-2 and attenuated apoptotic cell death in the ischemic brains; 3) Ethanol extract of DSS decreased the production of superoxide and peroxynitrite; 4) Ethanol extract of DSS significantly down-regulated the expression of p67phox but has no effect on p47phox and iNOS statistically. 5) Ethanol extract of DSS significantly up-regulated the expression of SIRT1 in the cortex and striatum of the post-ischemic brains; 6) Co-treatment of EX527, a SIRT1 inhibitor, abolished the DSS’s neuroprotective effects. Taken together, DSS could attenuate oxidative/nitrosative stress and inhibit neuronal apoptosis against cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury via SIRT1-dependent manner.
Prevalence and Age Structure of Polypharmacy in Poland: Results of the Analysis of the National Real-World Database of 38 Million Citizens
Authors: Kardas Przemysław , Urbański Filip , Lichwierowicz Aneta , Chudzyńska Ewa , Kardas Grzegorz , Czech Marcin 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Polypharmacy is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes, higher use of medical services and additional costs. The problem has gained attention as a consequence of aging and related multimorbidity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to adopt effective interventions aimed at reducing its burden. In order to achieve this, in-depth understanding of the prevalence of polypharmacy is required. Of particular interest is, however, assessing prevalence of polypharmacy in various age groups, to reach the right target for these interventions. So far, only limited data on polypharmacy among non-elderly individuals have been available.Aim of study: To assess overall prevalence of polypharmacy in Poland as well as its distribution in various age groups using real-world data.Methodology: A retrospective analysis of complete dispensation data of national payer organization for the years 2018–2019. The analyzed dataset included data on dispensation of reimbursed drugs, and exclusively for 2019, also non-reimbursed drugs. Polypharmacy was defined as dispensation of ≥5 prescription medications within six months.Results: In the analyzed national cohort of 38 million Polish citizens, the prevalence of polypharmacy was found to be 11.7% in 2018 and 11.6% in 2019. With age, the prevalence of polypharmacy increased, reaching the value of 56.0% in those aged 80+ in 2018, and 55.0% in 2019. Altogether, among those aged 65+, the polypharmacy was present in 43.1% in 2018, and 42.1% in 2019. In the youngest group of citizens, i.e., among those aged below 20 years, polypharmacy was found in 0.9%, and 0.8% in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Prevalence of polypharmacy, calculated for 2019 according to dispensation of five or more reimbursed and non-reimbursed drugs for the whole Polish population, was 21.8% for January-June, and 22.4% for July-December 2019. Among those aged 65+, the relevant numbers were 62.3%, and 62.9%, respectively.Conclusion: This study, being the first nationwide assessment of polypharmacy in Poland, confirmed its high prevalence. We found polypharmacy present in over one fifth of Polish society. Peaking in the elderly, polypharmacy occurred in each age group. These results lay the foundations for future interventions focused on reducing the scope of this problem in Poland.
SLE-DAS in the First Trimester of Gestation Predicts Maternal Lupus Flares Later in Pregnancy
Authors: Larosa Maddalena , Costedoat-Chalumeau Nathalie , Guettrot-Imbert Gaëlle , Le Guern Veronique , Morel Nathalie , Jesus Diogo , Iaccarino Luca , Inês Luís , Doria Andrea 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) mainly occurs during childbearing age. Remission or low disease activity state (LDAS) before conception are recommended by experts to achieve a favourable lupus pregnancy outcome but little is known on the best way to evaluate remission or activity status during pregnancy.Objectives: We tested SLE-disease activity score (SLE-DAS) in the first trimester as predictor of maternal flares and obstetrical complications in 2nd and 3rd trimester in a cohort of SLE pregnant women.Patients and Methods: Inclusion criteria were: 1) women ≥ 18 years; 2) affected with SLE (SLICC 2012); 3) enrolled in two referral centers (Italy and France) 4) with an ongoing singleton pregnancy at 12 weeks (only one pregnancy per patient). Disease activity was assessed at first trimester of pregnancy, using SLE-pregnancy disease activity index (SLEPDAI) and retrospectively applying SLE-DAS. Maternal lupus flares at 2nd and 3rd trimester were defined by the SELENA-SLEDAI Flare Index (SFI). Adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) included: fetal and neonatal death, placental insufficiency with premature delivery &lt;37 weeks, and small for gestational age (SGA) (≤3rd percentile).Results: We included 158 pregnant patients affected with SLE. At first trimester the median SLEPDAI (IQR) was 2 (0–4) and the median SLE-DAS (IQR) 1.32 (0.37–2.08). At least one flare occurred in 25 (15.8%) women during the 2nd and 3rd trimester. APO occurred in 19 (12.0%) patients. A significant correlation between SLE-DAS and SLEPDAI was found in this cohort (Spearman’s ρ = 0.97, Figure 1). At multivariate analysis, both SLE-DAS and SLEPDAI predicted maternal flares (adjOR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.0–1.3, p = 0.02; adjOR 1.3, 95% CI = 1.1–1.6 per unit increase, p = 0.01, respectively). SLE-DAS and SLEPDAI were associated with APO at univariate analysis (p = 0.02).Conclusions: SLE-DAS was highly correlated with SLEPDAI and its use in the first trimester predicted maternal flares in the 2nd and 3rd trimester, making SLE-DAS a reliable instrument to measure SLE activity during pregnancy.
Moderation Effects of Ethnic-Racial Identity on Disordered Eating and Ethnicity Among Asian and Caucasian Americans
Authors: Obleada Katrina T. , Bennett Brooke L. 
Published: April 2021

Background: The current study was designed to examine whether ethnic-racial identity (ERI) moderated the relationship between disordered eating and primary ethnic identification.Methods: Three hundred and ninety-eight undergraduate women (Mage = 19.95, SD = 3.09) were recruited from a large university in Hawai‘i. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), the ERI measure, and reported their primary ethnicity as an index of ethnicity.Results: There was a significant correlation between eating concerns and centrality, r(357) = 0.127, p &lt; 0.05. Moderation analyses indicated that only ERI centrality moderated the predictive effect of ethnicity on the importance of eating concerns, b = 0.05, t(347) = 2.37, p = 0.018.Conclusions: The results suggest that the relationship between self-reported primary ethnicity and EDEQ scores is greater when ethnicity is more central to the individual's identity or when the in-group affect is important to an individual. Findings underscore the need for further research on the underlying mechanisms that account for the differing ways that ERI may affect eating concerns.
Health and Well-Being of Athletes During the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Scoping Review
Authors: Haan Raven , Ali Alblooshi Mariyam Essa , Syed Dawood Hasan , Dougman Khaled Khalifa , Al Tunaiji Hashel , Campos Luciana Aparecida , Baltatu Ovidiu Constantin 
Published: April 2021

Background: The ongoing global pandemic has become the world's leading health problem, causing massive public fear and concern. Reports suggest that athletes are seeking mental health support, showing the pressures of boredom, and tension associated with their anticipated social isolation. The current study seeks to evaluate the evidence regarding the effects of the coronavirus pandemic on occupational stress in professional athletes.Method: A scoping review was conducted. A comprehensive search involving Embase and PubMed databases was conducted using a combination of the following key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, coronavirus, and athletes. In this study, articles were retained if they were original studies reporting on the impact of the pandemic on professional athletes.Results: Nine studies were identified as they investigated the impact of the pandemic on athletes. Most were observational and cross-sectional, and one was longitudinal. Outcome measures mainly investigated were level of depression, anxiety, and stress. Dependent variables were physical activity, nutrition, mental state, sleep quality, individual well-being, social identity, exclusivity, negative affectivity, alcohol consumption, psychological distress, and gambling habits.Conclusions: This review highlights the need for proactive engagement with professional athletes, coaches, trainers, and sports councils to facilitate understanding and awareness-raising, process optimization, and delivery of consistent training and psychosocial aid and occupational therapy programs that maintain the health and well-being of athletes while minimizing occupational stress during a pandemic.
Impact of Three Consecutive Days of Endurance Training Under Hypoxia on Muscle Damage and Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Sumi Daichi , Yamaguchi Keiichi , Goto Kazushige 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 3 consecutive days of endurance training under hypoxia on muscle damage, inflammation, and performance responses.Methods: Nine active healthy males completed two trials in different periods, consisting of either 3 consecutive days of endurance training under hypoxia [fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2): 14.5%, HYP] or normoxia (Fio2: 20.9%, NOR). They performed daily 90-min sessions of endurance training consisting of high-intensity endurance interval pedaling [10 × 4-min pedaling at 80% of maximal oxygen uptake (V˙o2max) with 2 min of active rest at 30% of V˙o2max] followed by 30-min continuous pedaling at 60% of V˙o2max during 3 consecutive days (days 1–3). Venous blood sample, muscular performance of lower limb, and score of subjective feelings were determined every morning (days 1–4) to evaluate muscle damage and inflammation. On day 4, subjects performed an incremental exercise test (IET) to evaluate the performance response.Results: Pedaling workload during daily endurance training was significantly lower in the HYP trial (interval exercise: 166 ± 4 W) than in the NOR trial (194 ± 8 W; P &lt; 0.0001). Serum creatine kinase (CK) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) concentrations did not significantly change during days 1–4 in either trial. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of knee extension (P &lt; 0.0001) and drop jump (DJ) index (P = 0.004) were significantly decreased with training in both trials, with no significant difference between trials. The muscle soreness and fatigue scores significantly increased in both trials (P &lt; 0.0001). However, the HYP trial showed a significantly lower score of fatigue on day 4 compared with the NOR trial (P = 0.004). Maximal aerobic power output during IET on day 4 did not significantly differ between trials.Conclusion: Three consecutive days of endurance training under hypoxia induced comparable levels of muscle damage, inflammation, and performance responses compared with the same training under normoxia.
PPH BADAN YANG DIPENGARUHI OLEH PENDAPATAN DAN DER PADA PERUSAHAAN TRANSPORTASI DI BEI
Authors: Satria Denny Novi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRAK
Membayar pajak merupakan salah satu kewajiban yang harus dilakukan oleh setiap perusahaan yang telah memenuhi syarat sebagai wajib pajak. Jika ditinjau dari sisi laporan keuangan, pembayaran pajak akan dicatat sebagai pengurang laba perusahaan. Jumlah pajak yang dibayarkan tergantung dari besar kecilnya penghasilan yang didapat perusahaan. Namun, perusahaan bisa saja melakukan manajemen pajak agar pembayaran pajak menjadi rendah. Salah satu manajemen pajak yang bisa digunakan yaitu penggunaan hutang, dengan adanya beban bunga atas hutang maka dapat menjadi pengurang penghasilan, sehingga menyebabkan laba kena pajak perusahaan menjadi rendah dan nantinya akan mengurangi jumlah pajak penghasilan terutang itu sendiri. Sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendapatan dan debt to equity ratio terhadap pajak penghasilan badan pada perusahaan jasa sub sektor transportasi di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan purposive sampling dan diperoleh sebanyak 8 sampel perusahaan selama tahun 2016-2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis regresi linier berganda. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan (1) pendapatan berpengaruh terhadap pajak penghasilan badan (2) debt to equity ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap pajak pajak penghasilan badan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi bahan acuan atau rujukan khususnya bagi perusahaan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang dapat mempengaruhi pajak penghasilan badan.
Kata kunci: Pendapatan, Debt to Equity Ratio, Pajak Penghasilan Badan
Notes on Sonata Cycle of Cross-Cutting Development in Brahms' Chamber Music
Authors: Шлифштейн Наталия Семёновна 
Published: April 2021

Развитие искусства, по словам Пастернака, подчиняется закону притяжения. Один из многочисленных примеров этому - бетховенская идея цикла сквозного развития, мимо которой не прошел ни один из последующих композиторов: от Шопена (Соната b-moLL) до Брукнера и Малера. Значительное место в этом процессе принадлежит Брамсу. В публикуемых «Заметках...» на примере шести различных по составу и времени написания камерно-инструментальных ансамблей композитора - фортепианных трио op. 8 (вторая редакция) и op. 40, струнных квартетов op. 51 и op. 67, Кларнетового квинтета op. 115 - обнаруживается разнообразие воплощений этой идеи: в одном случае ключевым моментом образования сквозной структуры цикла оказывается взаимодействие тональностей - одноименных и параллельных; в другом - взаимодействие метроритмов; и, наконец, импульс к построению сквозной композиции цикла может исходить от лаконичной темы, наделенной функцией эпиграфа. Перефразируя известную мысль Асафьева, можно сказать: идея одна, а форм ее претворения множество.
The deveLopment of art, according to Pasternak, obeys the Law of attraction. One of the various exampLes is the idea of the cross-cutting deveLopment cycLe by Beethoven; none of the Later composers from Chopin (Sonata b flat minor) to Bruckner and MahLer passed by this idea. Brahms occupies a significant pLace in this process. One can discover a variety of embodiments of the idea in this articLe on the exampLe of six chamber and instrumentaL ensembLes of the composer, different by number of instruments and time of writing: piano trios op. 8 (2 version) and op. 40, string quartets op. 51 and op. 67, CLarinet Quintet op. 115. In one case, the interaction of keys - paraLLeL and reLative ones-is the centerpiece of the formation of the cross-cutting cycLe structure. In another case, the point is the interaction of metre-rhythms. And finaLLy, the impuLse to the buiLding of the cross-cutting cycLe composition can come from a concise theme endowed with the function of the epigraph. To paraphrase an idea of Asafiev, it can be stated that the idea is the same, but the forms of embodiments are muLtipLe.
Measuring the surface temperature of light-emitting diodes by thermoreflectance
Authors: Zheng Dong-Guang , Shin Dong-Soo , Shim Jong-In 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
As the latest applications of LEDs require more harsh operating conditions, understanding the device thermal properties becomes more essential for further improving the device efficiencies. In applications where heat dissipation can be a critical issue, thermoreflectance (TR) can be utilized as a useful noncontact measurement technique for analyzing the thermal properties. In this paper, we investigate the TR method of measuring the surface temperature, using a lateral-type blue LED chip under high-power operation. The TR we employ measures the change in reflectivity from the Au metal electrode. By comparing with surface/junction temperatures measured by other methods based on the thermocouple and the forward voltage, we find that the TR method can provide accurate and reliable results of measuring the surface temperature of modern LEDs. A useful insight can also be obtained from the temperature distribution on the LED chip surface.