bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smith–Purcell radiation of a vortex electron
Authors: Pupasov-Maksimov A , Karlovets D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A wide variety of emission processes by electron wave packets with an orbital angular momentum ℓℏ, called the vortex electrons, can be influenced by a nonparaxial contribution due to their intrinsic electric quadrupole moment. We study Smith–Purcell radiation from a conducting grating generated by a vortex electron, described as a generalized Laguerre–Gaussian packet, which has an intrinsic magnetic dipole moment and an electric quadrupole moment. By using a multipole expansion of the electromagnetic field of such an electron, we employ a generalized surface-current method, applicable for a wide range of parameters. The radiated energy contains contributions from the charge, from the magnetic moment, and from the electric quadrupole moment, as well as from their interference. The quadrupole contribution grows as the packet spreads while propagating, and it is enhanced for large ℓ. In contrast to the linear growth of the radiation intensity from the charge with a number of strips N, the quadrupole contribution reveals an N
3 dependence, which puts a limit on the maximal grating length for which the radiation losses stay small. We study spectral-angular distributions of the Smith–Purcell radiation both analytically and numerically and demonstrate that the electron’s vorticity can give rise to detectable effects for non-relativistic and moderately relativistic electrons. On a practical side, preparing the incoming electron’s state in a form of a non-Gaussian packet with a quadrupole moment—such as the vortex electron, an Airy beam, a Schrödinger cat state, and so on—one can achieve quantum enhancement of the radiation power compared to the classical linear regime. Such an enhancement would be a hallmark of a previously unexplored quantum regime of radiation, in which non-Gaussianity of the packet influences the radiation properties much stronger than the quantum recoil.
Recurrence relations in m × 3 scaffolding and globe resistor networks
Authors: Perrier Frédéric , Girault Frédéric 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Resistor networks are popular because they offer solvable models of transport between connected discrete points and can represent natural or artificial systems such as mycorhizzal networks or carbon composite chains. When the connectivity pattern is repeated, two-point resistances can be expressed by recurrence relations. Here, we illustrate this approach in the case of three-dimensional m × 3 scaffolding and globe networks, characterized by a repeated pattern along a three-fold invariant axis. We show that a first set of recurrence relations follows from three-fold invariance and Kennelly’s Y-Δ transform, providing the two-point resistance between any pair of neighbouring nodes, including the case of infinite networks. Using van Steenwijk’s method, a second set of recurrence relations is obtained between non-neighbouring nodes. Numerous explicit expressions are thus derived using elementary methods, which can be compared with the results of numerical codes or novel integration methods such as Tan’s recursion-transform. Having at hand general properties of these networks is useful to evaluate their capacity of representing natural or industrial systems.
A new way of measuring the correlation length in surface growth models
Authors: Kim Jin Min 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We propose a new way of measuring the correlation length in surface growth processes. We define a quantity

R

(

L
,
t

)

=

⟨

w

4

(

L
,
t

)

⟩

⟨

w

2

(

L
,
t

)

⟩

2

−
1

L

in d = 1 + 1, where w(t) and L are the surface width of a given sample at time t and the system size, respectively, and ⟨…⟩ denotes the average over samples. The quantity R(L, t) is proportional to the correlation length and follows the relation R(L, t) ∼ t
1/z
before the saturation for various growth models, where z is the dynamic exponent. The applicability of the method was examined for the restricted solid-on-solid (RSOS) model, equilibrium solid-on-solid model, and restricted curvature model. We also estimated z by using the relation R(t) ∼ t
1/z
for the RSOS model in higher dimensions.
The inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4solution by N-phenethylhydrazinecarbothioamide (N-PHC)
Authors: Shaker Lina M. , Al-Adili Aqeel , Al-Amiery Ahmed A. , Takriff Mohd S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA new corrosion inhibitor namely N-phenethylhydrazinecarbothioamide (N-PHC) was synthesized through the reaction of hydrazine hydrate and (2-isothiocyanatoethyl)benzene. N-PHC has been characterized by spectroscopically techniques and CHN micro-elemental analysis. The inhibitive activity of N-PHC on mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M sulphuric acid solution was examined by the weight loss techniques. The findings exhibited that the inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the concentration of N-PHC and decreased with an increase in temperature. The inhibition efficiency reached 94.7% with 250 ppm at 303 K. The inhibitive mechanism involved chemical adsorption and the adsorption of the N-PHC molecules through active sites on the surface of mild steel to control or retard corrosion. The adsorption isotherm obeyed the Langmuir isotherm.
Synthesis of Ag/Au (core/shell) nanoparticles by laser ablation in liquid and study of their toxicity on blood human components
Authors: Abed Mayada A. , Mutlak Falah A-H. , Ahmed Ala F. , Nayef Uday M. , Abdulridha Sarah K. , Jabir Majid S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Q-switch Nd: YAG laser of wavelengths 235nm and 1,460nm with energy in the range 0.2 J to 1J and 1Hz repetition rate was employed to synthesis Ag/Au (core/shell) nanoparticles (NPs) using pulse laser ablation in water. In this synthesis, initially the silver nano-colloid prepared via ablation target, this ablation related to Au target at various energies to creat Ag/Au NPs. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), surface morphology and average particle size identified employing: UV-visible spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The absorbance spectra of Ag NPs and Ag/Au NPs showed sharp and single peaks around 400nm and 410nm, respectively. The average diameter achieved for Ag/Au NPs were as 30nm and 25nm corresponding to 532nm and 1064nm, respectively. The TEM images showed that Ag/Au NPs possess a spherical shape, while the samples average size were in range from 20 to 30nm. There was an obvious increase in size during the use of 532nm laser. As for the effects of toxicity, results on human blood components showed that these nanoparticles have no effect on RBCs, WBCs and HB Therefore; these particles considered promising in the biological and medical applications.
Energy Band Diagram of FTO/porous Silicon Heterostructure
Authors: Hadi Hasan A. , Ismail Raid A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We have proposed for the first time the energy band diagram of fluorine doped tin oxide FTO/porous silicon PSi/n-Si heterostructure prepared by spray pyrolysis technique and laser assist-electrochemical etching ECE. The band line-up of the heterojunction was constructed from the electrical and optical properties of FTO and porous silicon. The electrical current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements showed the barrier height, ideality factor and built in voltage of the heterojunction were 1.4, 0.69 V and 0.70 V, respectively. The optical energy gap and the average of the optical transmittance of FTO film were 3.6 eV and 78% respectively. The morphology of porous silicon PSi and FTO film investigated by scanning electron microscope SEM. The elemental composition of FTO film was determined using energy dispersive x-ray.
Laser assisted hydrothermal synthesis of magnetic ferrite nanoparticles for biomedical applications
Authors: Aswad Mohanad A. , Mutlak Falah A-H. , Jabir Majed S. , Abdulridha Sarah K. , Ahmed Ala F. , Nayef Uday M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, copper substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles Co1-xCuxFe2O4 (×=0, 0.3, and 0.7), has been synthesized via laser assisted hydrothermal synthesis (LAHS) methods. The XRD patterns showed single phase spinel structure, comparative study between the two preparation methods, effect of laser irradiation on the structural properties, and average crystallite size that is evaluated from most intense peak (311) utilizing Scherrer formula. Further studies for laser assisted hydrothermal as-prepared ferrite samples using each of Field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) which revealed the study of topography, shape, particle size, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) with in 15kOe as maximum field. That was used to study the magnetic properties and confirmed the super-paramagnetic property of the prepared ferrite nanoparticles. Coercivity (Hc), remanence (Mr), saturation magnetization (Ms) and sequarness ratio were directly extracted from hysteresis loops. Moreover, results showed that the magnetic characteristics are on the basis of each particle size as well as cation distribution. In addition, the antibacterial property of the prepared nanoparticles against S. aureus and E. coli found to be improved after substitution of Cu in Co ferrite matrix.
Influence of Heat Treatment on the Characteristic of SnO2 Thin Films for Gas Sensor Application
Authors: Jasim Ammar M. , Al-Zubaydi Ahmed S.J. , Zamel Rafid S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nano-crystalline SnO2 films were deposited on glass substrates using dip coating by sol–gel technique for gas sensor applications. These films have been annealed in air at 300, 350 400, and 450 °C for 60 min, and at 400 °C for 15, 30 min. The films have been analyzed through x-ray diffraction and optical absorption spectroscopy. The deposited films have shown tetragonal rutile structures. The average crystallite size increased as annealing temperature increased. The crystallite sizes of the annealed films were 8 nm at 300 °C, 10 nm at 350 °C, 14 nm at 400 °C, and 22 nm at 450 °C for 60 min. Whereas the crystallite sizes showed 16 and 15 nm at annealing temperature of 400 °C for 15 and 30 min, respectively. The energetic values of optical band gaps of the films showed increment with the elevation in annealing temperatures. The optical band gap energies were 2.86, 2.86, 3.14 and 3.35 eV at annealing temperatures of 300, 350, 400, and 450 °C, for 60 min, respectively, and 3.43 and 3.35 eV at annealing temperature of 400 °C for 15 and 30 min, respectively. Electrical D.C. conductivity were measured at temperatures ranging from 30 °C to 170 °C, and these measurements showed an exponential increment as the temperature and time increased. The films were studied in the matter of sensing capabilities for CO gas through evaluation at various times and temperatures. The optimum sensitivity was found at annealing temperature 400 °C. The outcomes revealed a high sensitivity of the deposited films for carbon monoxide at operation temperature of 200 °C.
Effect of Mn-substitution on the structure Co0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4
Authors: Hasan N. , Hadi Mohammed H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One Ferrite is a ferromagnetic substance where it is ideally used to manufacture devices such as rectifiers, memory devices, and inductors hearts as well as for various applications of microwave waves. The electrical and structural characterization of ferrites depends on preparation methods, nature of dopant, and dopant concentration. For these reasons, the series samples of Co0.6Zn0.4MnxFe2−xO4 ferrites prepared, using a traditional ceramic process, Mn-Zn ferrites were synthesized and sintered up to 1200 °C for 5 hours. We tested the X Ray diffraction (XRD) for different Mn-substitution (where x = 0, 0.2, and 0.4). XRD studies confirmed that the sample’s structural have a cubic spinel phase. The electrical characterization (such as conductivity, real and imaginary dielectric constant) was measured and discussed, as well.
Mechanical and Physical Properties of PMMA Reinforced HA-MgO Nano-Composite
Authors: Mansour Ali Abd A. , Al-Ramadhan Zainab A. , Abdulrazaq Raghad A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a combination of a ceramic mixture with a polymer was developed to be used as a substitute for damaged bones or teeth. Overlays were prepared using the manual mixing method, followed by the use of ultrasound technology to ensure uniform distribution of the powder within the polymer. The polymer (PMMA) is supported with a ceramic powder (HAMgO) prepared using an effective mechanical mixing method and component than hydroxyapatite (HA) is a principle inorganic component of human hard tissues such as teeth and bones and metal nanoparticle magnesium oxide (MgO), which represents the additive to the polymer (PMMA). The percentage used for reinforcement, starting from (1% - 4%). The results of the tests showed mechanical corrosion or the so-called where wear is decreased for the reinforced polymeric composites as the corrosion rate decreased to less than half at 4%. Likewise, the results of the particle hardness examination showed a successive increase in the percentages compared to the polymer base material. The results of the durability of compressibility and Young’s modulus showed a direct increase with the increase in the percentages of the added ceramic powder.
Study of optical and morphological properties for Au-ZnO nanocomposite prepared by Laser ablation in liquid
Authors: Rashid Taha M. , Nayef Uday M. , Jabir Majid S. , Mutlak Falah A-H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The preparation of Au-ZnO nanocomposite involves the synthesis of Au and ZnO colloidal solutions by Nd:YAG laser (1064nm) ablation of metal targets in deionized water followed by laser irradiation of the mixed colloidal solution by a second harmonic Nd:YAG laser (532nm).
The UV-visible show the gold nanoparticle (NPs) peak at 525nm while the peak of the ZnO nanoparticle (NPs) at 375nm. The Au-ZnO nanocomposite showed a blue shift in the absorption of the ZnO excited, while due to the plasomon resonance and interfacial charge transfer of Au NPs lead to redshift in the absorption, also show the intensity absorpation increases with the concentration of the metal nanoparticles. The morphological properties of nanoparticles have been characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM).
Study the Structural, Morphological and Optical Properties of Copper Sulfide Prepared by Two-Phase Colloidal Method
Authors: Al-Jawad Selma M H. , Taha Ali A , Muhsen Mustafa M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, copper sulfide nanoparticles were synthesized by two-phase colloidal method with different reaction temperatures (140, 160, 180 and 200°C). The structural, morphological and optical properties of prepared CuS were analyzed by the X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and UV-VIS Spectrophotometer. The XRD peaks refer to the covellite copper sulfide with hexagonal structure. FESEM showed the rod formation at lower temperatures (140 and 160°C), whereas higher temperatures (180 and 200°C) form nanocrystals within spheres structures. UV-VIS showed that CuS nanoparticles have two absorption peaks, one at UV-VIS region and the second at NIR region and its energy gap decrease with increasing of reaction temperature.
An investigation of the Structural, Electrical and Optical Properties of Graphene-Oxide Thin Films Using Different Solvents
Authors: Rasheed M. , Shihab S. , Sabah O. Wissam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) thin films were prepared successfully using modified Hummer’s method, which includes oxidation of graphite and reduction to graphene oxide at room temperature. Then; the samples were deposited on glass substrates using the sol-gel technique. Different solutions have been used to obtain graphene oxide such as Ethanol, Acetone, and Deionized Water. The structural, optical and electrical properties of the prepared samples were diagnosed and studied using optical microscope and XRD diffraction, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer respectively. XRD pattern confirmed the formation of graphene oxide with a sharp peak at an angle of 2θ=11.42°. Thicknesses of (GO) samples using weight method have been calculated. In addition, the optical properties of the samples such as transmittance, reflectance, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and optical energy gap have been measured. The optical band gap of the samples dissolved in acetone, deionized water and ethanol has been measured of about 2.5, 2.45 and 2.35 eV respectively.
CO2 Laser Micro-Engraving of PMMA Complemented By Taguchi and ANOVA Methods
Authors: Imran Hadeel J , Hubeatir Kadhim A , Al-Khafaji Mohanned M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Laser micromachining is used in the microfluidic application, especially in biomedical technology, the point of care diagnostics, and chemical analysis. In this research work, a micro-engraving was done on PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylate) using a CO2 laser. Based on the Taguchi design of the experiment; 25 experiments were done to study the effect of laser parameters on the micro-engraving process. The effect of input parameters, laser power, engraving speed, and overlapping space has discussed on the micro-engraving characteristic, surface roughness, engraving depth, and overall time of the process. The results show different surface roughness ranged between 7 – 1.72 µm. Also, the depth results ranged between 20.4 – 5800 µm which could be used in many various applications. The ANOVA results showed that the engraving speed has a significant”effect on surface roughness and”engraving depth, but in engraving time, the laser power has a substantial impact at 94.06%.
Comparison between Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometer in elemental Analyses Iraqi Table Salt
Authors: Kareem Alghurabi Milad Nazar Abdul , Yıldırım Sema Öztürk 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Salt is commonly used substance in our daily life. For good general health some simple chemical substances are added to table salt during manufacturing as iodide and iodide stabilizers mostly potassium iodide. In this study, ten different samples of table salts from different factories in Iraq were analyzed by two different analytical methods. As the results of salt samples by ICP-MS analysis are magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba). On the other hand the elements in salt samples by XRF analysis are chlorine (Cl), sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), silicon (Si), potassium (K), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), bromine (Br), strontium (Sr), gallium (Ga), phosphorus (P), nickel (Ni).
A prototype of IoT-based smart system to support motorcyclists safety
Authors: Prasetyawan P , Samsugi S , Mulyanto A , Iqbal M , Prabowo R , Ardiansyah  
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study described the prototype of the smart system for support safety riding using the Internet of Things (IoT) technology. This system consists of connectivity objects like helmets, motorcycles, and riders/people (via smartphone). The system is pervasive in helmets and motorcycle with several main electronic components, including NodeMCU micro controller, accelerometer-gyroscope sensor, a GPS (Global Positioning System) module, flex sensor, buzzer, and relay. The helmet, motorcycles, and riders then are connected with others through the internet with the android application interface. The application can monitor real-time status and location riders using firebases’s real-time database. This system has four features, which are a combination of previous related works, namely helmet detection, drowsiness detection, accident detection, and notification with the accident’s location that can be tracked by others. The results of this system prototype experiment showed that all features of the system are running well. The accuracy value for helmet detection is 100%, drowsiness detection is 87%, and accident detection is 90%. Rider status and location can be monitored and tracked by others via the android application.
Comparative analysis of naïve bayes and knn on prediction of forex price movements for gbp/usd currency at time frame daily
Authors: Pande K S Y , Divayana D G H , Indrawan G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study aims to analyze the comparison of the Naïve Bayes and kNN on the Prediction of Forex Price Movements for GBP / USD on Time Frame Daily. The data used is taken from the metatrader-4 application which is often used by forex traders when making transactions. There are 2,145 data rows consisting of the date, hour, open price, high, low, close, and transaction volume columns. From this data, a column for the target class is created with the name ‘result’. The result column is filled with increasing or decreasing values. The value of increase or decrease is obtained from the comparison of the previous closing price with the closing price of the next day. This study analyzes the results of the comparison of the data mining classification of algorithm between the Naïve Bayes algorithm and kNN. The 2,145 data were divided into 2 parts, namely 80% for training data and 20% for testing data. The analysis is done by comparing the precision, recall, and accuracy test results for each algorithm. The conclusion of this study is that the kNN algorithm is better than the Naïve Bayes algorithm in case of predicting forex price movements for GBP/USD currency at time frame daily.
Designing an interoperable social assistance health insurance validation system
Authors: Seputra K A , Aryanto K Y E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Many social assistance programs must be managed by local governments, including health insurance contribution assistance (PBI). The government must be able to distribute social assistance recipients equally and accurately. The government must ensure that only one family member is registered in one of the social assistance schemes, such as PKH (Program Keluarga Harapan), PBI (Program Bantuan Iuran), or BLT (Bantuan Langsung Tunai). Therefore, interoperability of data between systems is important to check and validate the membership of potential participants in one assistance scheme. Valid data is the key in data exchange, especially PBI data that has not been processed optimally. However, there are still inconsistent and incomplete data on the annual PBI participants. The first thing that can be done is to validate PBI data. Through the PBI data validation system, validation can be carried out more thoroughly by utilizing the supported data from the API of the civil registration and the Bridging BPJS. With the validation system, PBI data management becomes more accurate and has fast access to facilitate reporting compared to the previous system that still used Excel. The PBI validation system also supplies valid PBI data to related systems that have registered with the API services. By using JWT in RESTfull API, system interoperability could be done securely.