bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soft, Modular Power for Composing Robots with Embodied Energy
Authors: Kim Chong‐Chan , Ramaswami Anunth Rao , Shepherd Robert F. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe adaptable, modular structure of muscles, combined with their confluent energy storage allows for numerous architectures found in nature: trunks, tongues, and tentacles to name some more complex ones. To provide an artificial analog to this biological soft muscle, a self‐powered, soft hydrostat actuator is presented. As an example of how to use these modules, a worm robot is assembled where the near totality of the body stores electrochemical potential. The robot exhibits an extremely high system energy density (51.3 J g−1), using a redox flow battery motif, with a long theoretical operational range of more than 100 m on a single charge. The innovation lies in the battery pouch, fabricated with a dry‐adhesion method, automatically bonding Nafion separators to a silicone‐urethane copolymer body. These pouches contain anolyte within a hydrostat pod filled with catholyte, increasing current density per pod. Each pod has a motor and tendon actuator for radial compression and expansion. By linking these self‐contained pods in series, the robot worm is created that automatically navigates an enclosed, curved path. This high‐capacity soft worm also climbs up and down a vertical pipe, using a two‐anchor crawling gait, with an extra payload equivalent to 1.5 times its body weight.
Engineering CAR‐T Therapeutics for Enhanced Solid Tumor Targeting
Authors: Zhu Danqing , Kim Won Joon , Lee Hyunjin , Bao Xiaoping , Kim Pilnam 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCancer immunotherapy, specifically Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)‐T cell therapy, represents a significant breakthrough in treating cancers. Despite its success in hematological cancers, CAR‐T exhibits limited efficacy in solid tumors, which account for more than 90% of all cancers. Solid tumors commonly present unique challenges, including antigen heterogeneity and complex tumor microenvironment (TME). To address these, efforts are being made through improvements in CAR design and the development of advanced validation platforms. While efficacy is limited, some solid tumor types, such as neuroblastoma and gastrointestinal cancers, have shown responsiveness to CAR‐T therapy in recent clinical trials. In this review, it is first examined both experimental and computational strategies, such as protein engineering coupled with machine learning, developed to enhance T cell specificity. The challenges and methods associated with T cell delivery and in vivo reprogramming in solid tumors is discussed. It is also explored the advancements in engineered organoid systems, which are emerging as high‐fidelity in vitro models that closely mimic the complex human TME and serve as a validation platform for CAR discovery. Collectively, these innovative engineering strategies offer the potential to revolutionize the next generation of CAR‐T therapy, ultimately paving the way for more effective treatments in solid tumors.
Experimental and Theoretical Force Constants as Meaningful Indicator for Interatomic Bonding Characteristics and the Specific Case of Elemental Antimony
Authors: Zahn Franziska , Hempelmann Jan , Benndorf Christopher , Falk Hans H. , Ritter Konrad , Levcenko Sergiu , Welter Edmund , Oeckler Oliver , Dronskowski Richard , Schnohr Claudia S. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractStable Sb exhibits a rhombohedral structure, often referred to as distorted primitive cubic, with each Sb atom having three short and three longer first neighbor bonds. However, this crystal structure can also be interpreted as being layered, putting emphasis on only three short first neighbor bonds. Therefore, temperature‐dependent extended X‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy is carried out at the Sb K‐edge in order to obtain more detailed information on local structural and vibrational properties. Evaluation of the temperature‐dependent bond lengths provides the temperature‐dependent Peierls distortion while the temperature dependence of the variance of the interatomic distance distribution yields the EXAFS force constants. Ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used for determining projected force constants. Both EXAFS and DFT force constants are compared to those of other materials with different bonding characteristics, including two‐center covalently bonded semiconductors, multicenter bonded IV–VI and V2VI3 compounds, and metallic Cu. Clearly, Sb exhibits characteristics of both localized covalent bonding and delocalized multicenter bonding. This suggests a continuous transition between these two bonding scenarios and adds to the understanding of bonding in elemental Sb in particular and in IV–VI and V2VI3 materials in general.
Elektrosynthese Muschel‐inspirierter Klebstoffpolymere als Neue Klasse Transienter Enzymstabilisatoren
Authors: Neubert Tilmann J. , Hielscher Maximilian M. , Walter Keven , Schröter Carolin M. , Stage Marion , Rosencrantz Ruben R. , Panis Felix , Rompel Annette , Balasubramanian Kannan , Waldvogel Siegfried R. , Börner Hans G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMultifunktionelle ortho‐Chinone werden für die Bildung von Thiol‐Catechol‐Verknüpfungen (engl. thiol‐catechol‐connectivity, TCC) benötigt, sind jedoch empfindlich in der Handhabung. Die elektrochemische Oxidation des Dipeptids DiDOPA vom Catechol zum ortho‐Chinon wird hier mit einer optimierten Umwandlungseffizienz von bis zu 92 % vorgestellt. Die Elektrosynthese erfolgte an kostengünstigen Graphit‐ und Edelstahlelektroden. Durch die elektrochemische Aktivierung werden Chinon‐Lösungen erzeugt, die frei von unerwünschten reaktiven Verbindungen sind, wodurch die anspruchsvolle Isolierung instabiler Chinone entfällt. Die DiDOPA‐Chinone wurden in Polyadditionsreaktionen mit Multithiolen eingesetzt und bildeten Oligomere, die als transiente Enzymstabilisatoren (TES) fungieren. Bei Verwendung der TCC‐TES‐Oligomere als Additive in Hitzebelastungstests wurde ein Stabilisierungseffekt für Tyrosinase beobachtet. Die Anwesenheit der TCC‐TES schützte das Enzym bei thermischem Stress vor Denaturierung und Aktivitätsverlusten.
Synthesis of P‐Doped g‐C3N4/Cu2O Nanocomposite and Investigation of Its Photocatalytic Characteristics in Reduction of Nitroaromatic Compounds to Corresponding Amines Under Visible Light
Authors: Sadat Maryam Aghah , Moghanlou Ali Oji , Rezvan Vahideh Hadigheh , Tarighi Nayer Mohammadian , Sohrabi‐Gilani Nastaran 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTIn this research, as a new heterogenous nanocomposite, P‐doped g‐C3N4/Cu2O was successfully synthesized by simultaneous reduction of copper salts and the resultant precipitation. The phosphor was doped onto the graphitic carbon nitrite by the calcination method. The various spectroscopic and imaging methods (XPS, X‐ray diffraction [XRD], FTIR, Pl, BET, DRS, Map Scanning, EDS (EDAX), TEM, FESEM, and EIS) were devised to characterize the structural properties, morphology, and optical and photocatalytic activities of the synthesized nanocomposite. The synthesized nanocomposite was then used as photocatalysts in the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding amino aromatic species, with the results being highly promising. Indeed, the conversion of nitrobenzene to aniline was 100% accomplished within 30 min. In these reactions, hydrazine compounds were used as hydrogen suppliers. The proposed photocatalyst exhibits great recyclability and reusability so that no significant change in the catalytic activity of the nanocomposite and the resultant conversion efficiency was observed after six rounds of reuse.
Modulational Instability and Dynamical Growth Blockade in the Nonlinear Hatano–Nelson Model
Authors: Longhi Stefano 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Hatano–Nelson model is a cornerstone of non‐Hermitian physics, describing asymmetric hopping dynamics on a 1D lattice, which gives rise to fascinating phenomena such as directional transport, non‐Hermitian topology, and the non‐Hermitian skin effect. It has been widely studied in both classical and quantum systems, with applications in condensed matter physics, photonics, and cold atomic gases. Recently, nonlinear extensions of the Hatano–Nelson model have opened a new avenue for exploring the interplay between nonlinearity and non‐Hermitian effects. Particularly, in lattices with open boundary conditions, nonlinear skin modes and solitons, localized at the edge or within the bulk of the lattice, have been predicted. In this work, the nonlinear extension of the Hatano–Nelson model with periodic boundary conditions is examined and a novel dynamical phenomenon arising from the modulational instability of nonlinear plane waves: growth blockade is revealed. This phenomenon is characterized by the abrupt halt of norm growth, as observed in the linear Hatano–Nelson model, and can be interpreted as a stopping of convective motion arising from self‐induced disorder in the lattice.
On the Role of a Polymer Matrix in Enhancing Energy Transfer Efficiency Using Coumarin 6 and Rhodamine B as Donor and Acceptor Pairs
Authors: Bachmann Cristian , Danna Caroline S. , Bispo‐Jr Airton Germano , Sigoli Fernando Aparecido , Muñoz Marcelo A. , Ormazabal‐Toledo Rodrigo , Squeo Benedetta M. , Segura Camilo , Osorio‐Román Igor O. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigates the critical role of polymer matrices in optimizing luminescence and energy transfer, utilizing the commercial dyes Coumarin 6 (C6) and Rhodamine B (RhB) as a donor‐acceptor pair. Solution‐phase experiments revealed a dependence of energy transfer efficiency on solvent dielectric constant. Furthermore, embedding the dyes within Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or Poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) matrices significantly enhance energy transfer due to increased molecular proximity. A modified approach for calculating the overlap integral J(λ) was employed to analyze energy transfer in the solid state, providing insights beyond traditional Förster‐type calculations. Photostability studies demonstrated superior performance of PVB films compared to PMMA films under exposure to monochromatic (405 nm, 515 nm) and white light irradiation. Finally, a proof‐of‐concept device was developed to harness this enhanced energy transfer for light‐to‐electricity conversion, achieving a maximum efficiency of 7.28 %.
Emergent Prefigurative Politics and Social Psychological Processes: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda
Authors: Clarke David , Drury John 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPrefigurative politics—the enactment of desired future social relations in present social change practices—has become central in contemporary political organising. Protest movements like the Arab Spring and recent Latin American uprisings illustrate prefiguration emerging through struggle rather than from a pre‐existing political programme. Although psychological perspectives have been identified as promising avenues for exploring prefiguration, the topic has yet to attract widespread research attention within psychology. This paper proposes a research agenda centred on ‘emergent prefigurative politics’, grounded in a systematic review of the empirical psychological literature on prefigurative politics. Drawing from a thematic analysis of 20 studies, which offers insights about existing developments, theoretical and methodological challenges in studying prefiguration, and opportunities for further inquiry, we develop an agenda for future work. Our findings highlight the complexity of prefiguration as a socially embedded, dynamic, and agentic process where the grievances, psychological needs, and aspirations of individuals and groups within their social context shape the emergence, content, and outcomes of prefigurative politics. In developing our research agenda on emergent prefiguration, we argue that dynamic social identity models of collective action, alongside ethnographic, longitudinal, and case study methods, are promising tools to tackle the challenges of researching prefigurative phenomena.
Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Kidney: A Case Report
Authors: Khati Srijana , Magar Sagar Rana , Simkhada Ankita , Paudel Ramesh , Khanal Surendra , Panthi Bishal , Thakur Sadmarg , Paudel Sujan , Luitel Prajjwol 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTPrimary renal leiomyosarcoma is a rare but highly aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis. Early detection and surgical excision provide the most effective initial treatment. However, vigilant postoperative surveillance is critical due to the elevated risk of tumor recurrence and metastasis, as seen in this case.
Ga2O3/Al2O3 Catalysts for Propane Dehydrogenation: Effect of H2 Treatment and Cofeeding
Authors: Gil Sebastian Amar , Especel Catherine , Passamonti Francisco J. , Montouillout Valérie , Benítez Viviana M. , Epron Florence 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis study investigated the catalytic dehydrogenation of propane over uncalcined, calcined, or pre‐reduced gallium‐supported alumina catalysts. The effects induced by a reductive pretreatment and hydrogen cofeeding (5% and 50% in volume in the gas mixture) on the catalytic performance were evaluated. For comparison, a non‐supported γ‐Ga2O3 sample was prepared. The catalysts were characterized by different methods, including XRD, TEM, SEM, NMR, TPR, FTIR, pyridine‐FTIR, and the model reaction of 3,3‐dimethylbut‐1‐ene isomerization. It was found that reductive pretreatment improved the propylene production in gas phase but decreased the initial conversion compared to the calcined sample. Hydrogen cofeeding positively impacted the catalytic stability of reduced catalysts, leading to a higher conversion after 240 min and reducing the deactivation of the catalyst up to 70% as the amount of H2 increased in the stream. Moreover, improvement in the carbon balance and reduction of carbon deposited were observed at a high H2 cofeeding ratio. The formation of gallium hydride species during the reduction pretreatment under H2 flowing was clearly identified, but their contribution in the PDH reaction can be considered as negligible compared to the positive effect induced by the decrease in acidity due to the reducing pretreatment.
The Stability of Cathode Catalyst Layer With Platinum‐Based Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhou Ji , Wang Yao , Wei Zidong 
Published: January 2025

AbstractProton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have attracted significant interest as one of the most promising green energy technologies. However, the stability of platinum‐based catalyst layer at the cathode hinders the large‐scale application of the PEMFCs. This review systematically summarized the latest research progress on the stability of catalyst layer from the stability of nanoparticles, corrosion resistance of carbon support, chemical stability of ionomer and weakened toxic effect of ionomer on platinum particles. Strategies to enhance the stability of the catalyst layer were discussed as well, including increasing the dissolution potential of the nanoparticles, enhancing the metal–support interaction, modifying the structure and composition of the carbon support, and improving the distribution of the ionomer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the stability of cathode catalyst layer, serving as a reference for the design of catalyst layer with stability in the future.
Scalable Mechanochemical Synthesis of Biotin[6]uril
Authors: Suut‐Tuule Elina , Schults Eve , Jarg Tatsiana , Adamson Jasper , Kananovich Dzmitry , Aav Riina 
Published: January 2025

AbstractBiotin[6]uril, a chiral, water‐soluble and anion binding macrocycle, is formed via dynamic covalent chemistry. In this study, we present a scalable and high‐yielding synthesis of biotin[6]uril via a mechanochemical solid‐state approach. The optimized protocol involves mechanical grinding of solid d‐biotin with paraformaldehyde in the presence of 0.3 equivalents of 48 % aqueous HBr, which functions as a catalyst, template, and liquid grinding additive. This mechanochemical process is carried out in a shaker or planetary mill, followed by aging at an elevated temperature to produce biotin[6]uril with an HPLC yield of up to 96 %. The condensation and macrocyclization reaction was successfully scaled up 82‐fold, producing nearly 20 g of biotin[6]uril with a high 92 % isolated yield and 91 % purity. Compared to conventional solution‐based method, this mechanochemical approach offers several advantages, including significantly higher yields, shorter reaction times, enhanced scalability, simpler operational requirements, and substantially lower process mass intensity.
Sky High or Grounded: Nest Site Selection of Herons and Egrets in a Mixed‐Species Colony
Authors: Samraoui Farrah , Nedjah Riad , Boucheker Abdennour , El‐Serehy Hamed A. , Samraoui Boudjéma 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTResource partitioning is crucial for the coexistence of colonial herons, as it allows multiple species to share the same habitat while minimising competition. This study took advantage of a natural experiment in 2006 and 2007 when Black‐crowned Night Herons were prevented from breeding at Lake Fetzara in the first year due to the presence of a feral cat. This event provided valuable insight into the spatial and temporal dynamics of nest site selection among coexisting heron species, which consisted of Cattle Egrets (Ardea ibis), Little Egrets (Egretta garzetta) and Squacco Herons (Ardeola ralloides). After the cat was removed, egg‐laying began in the core areas of the colony and gradually spread to the periphery. Species that initiated nesting early selected mid‐elevation sites near the tree trunk, which likely offered protection from both ground and aerial predators, while also providing some shielding from solar radiation and strong winds. These early selected sites featured larger branches, which conferred greater nest stability. Vertical stratification was evident among the heron species; however, contrary to long‐standing assumptions, it was not directly related to body size. Both vertical and horizontal stratification were observed, with nests progressively moving higher and further from the tree trunk as the breeding season advanced. The following year, Black‐crowned Night Herons displaced other species to lower heights and positions further from the trunk, highlighting the significant influence of interspecific interactions on nest site selection. This study underscores the complex interplay between nest site selection, biotic interactions and abiotic factors in heron colonies, emphasising the importance of resource partitioning in maintaining species coexistence in densely populated breeding sites.
Development of Lightweight and Flexible Electromagnetic Shielding Materials Using Carbon Nanotube‐Based Composites
Authors: Yoshida Naoaki , Kondo Fuma , Soga Tetsuo , Kishi Naoki 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTThe recent development of wireless communication technology has increased the risk of electronic equipment malfunctions and information leaks. To address this issue, we developed and evaluated a lightweight and flexible electromagnetic shielding material that can be applied to wearable devices by combining carbon nanotubes and elastomer materials.
Evaluation of the Mechanical and Biological Properties of Polycaprolactone Scaffolds Produced by a Material Extrusion 3D Printer or 3D Pen: A Novel Bone Repair Strategy
Authors: Cai HongXin , Lee Min‐Yong , Kim Kwang‐Mahn , Jiang Heng Bo , Kwon Jae‐Sung 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTAddressing the high cost and long cycle associated with the multistep digital restoration process involving 3D printing technology, we proposed the 3D pen as an innovative strategy for rapid bone repair. Capitalizing on the low melting point characteristic of polycaprolactone (PCL), we introduced, for the first time, the novel concept of directly constructing scaffolds at bone defect sites using 3D pens. In this in vitro study, we meticulously evaluated both the mechanical and biological properties of 3D pen‐printed PCL scaffolds with six distinct textures: unidirectional (UNI) (0°, 45°, 90°), bidirectional (BID) (−45°/45°, 0°/90°), and concentric (CON). The bone repair scaffold creation process was simulated using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer and a 3D pen by creating a cattle bone defect model to compare the achieved scaffold time efficiency and accuracy. Mechanical test results revealed that 3D pen‐printed scaffolds with different textures exhibited varying results in four tests, except the shear bond test. Optimal scaffold strength was consistently achieved when printing parallel to the applied force. Regarding biological properties, these scaffolds exhibited consistent cell viability over time and showcased excellent cell attachment capabilities overall. Furthermore, cells grew regularly along the printed filaments, with additional living cells at high elevations observed. Additionally, the 3D pen method outperformed traditional digital technology with an FDM 3D printer concerning accuracy and speed. These findings underscored the tremendous potential of the 3D pen in the realm of medical science, specifically within the domain of bone tissue engineering, characterized by its low cost, high speed, and convenience.
Self‐Assembly Behavior of Zein on Two Different Substrates Visualized by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Hu Jing , Liu Mengnan , Dong Litong , Luo Jie , Cao Liang , Gao Mingyan , Wang Zuobin 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACTWhen protein molecules come into contact with different types of substrate materials, the surface properties of the substrate will have a significant effect on their self‐assembly behavior. The purpose of this study was to investigate the self‐assembly behavior of zein molecules on the two different substrates. Herein, the microstructure of zein molecules on the surface of two typical substrates, mica and glass, were characterized in detail by atomic force microscopy. It was found that zein molecules self‐assemble to form spherical structures with uniform size and close arrangement on mica substrates. Compared with mica, the rough glass surface possesses a larger water contact angle, which leads to weaker interaction between zein molecules and its surface, thus enhancing the interaction between zein molecules. Therefore, the zein molecules on the glass substrate exhibit a distinct hierarchical arrangement of one large globule surrounded by many smaller ones. This work provides valuable information for further study of the self‐assembly behavior of zein molecules on the substrate surface.