bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Vyaghri Haritaki Avaleha and Anu Taila Nasya in the management of Dushta Pratishyaya (Chronic Sinusitis)
Authors: Dhave Parth P , Bhatta Kunjal H , B Vaghela D , S Dhiman K 
Published: April 2021

Chronic sinusitis-rhinosinusiis affects 5-15 % of the urban population. The prevalence of sinusitis (146/1000 population) has been reported to exceed that of any other chronic condition. The features of the disease Dushta Pratishyaya in general are similar to that of chronic sinusitis (rhinosinustis) in modern science. The study was planned to evaluate the role of Vyaghri Haritaki Avaleha and Anutaila Nasya in the management of Dushta Pratishyaya (Chronic Sinusitis). Total 30 patients having classical sign and symptoms of Dushta Pratishyaya (Chronic Sinusitis) were registered and were randomly divided into two groups (Group A- Vyaghri Haritaki Avaleha and Anutaila Nasya, Group B- Vyaghri Haritaki Avaleha). The patients were given Vyaghri Haritaki Avaleha for the duration of two months and Anutaila Nasya in 3 sittings of seven days in each with the interval of seven days. Total 26 patients completed the treatment, 13 in each. Obtained data was statistically analyzed with the help of student â€˜tâ€™ test. The study reveals that in both the groups no patient was totally cured. 46.15 % and 53.85 % patients got marked relief, 38.46 % and 23.08 % patients got moderate relief, 15.38% and 23.08 % patients got mild relief in signs and symptoms of the disease in Group A and B respectively. None of the patients remained unchanged.Â Â
An Open label retrospective, controlled study to evaluate efficacy of Sinhyadi ghrita in the management of Balsosha with special reference to undernutrition
Authors: Harinkhede Rajkumar , B Chavan D , U Gawai V , Patle Minakshi 
Published: April 2021

Balshosha which can be correlated with undernutrition (P.E.M.) is one of such disease occurring in children due to hampered nutrition or dhatuposhana. Nutrition is necessary for maintaining growth, the effect of nutrition reflects on development. Today nutrition deficiency constitutes a major public health problem in India. The goal of treatment is to be provided adequate calories for dual purpose, to replace losses and build up nutrition to promote growth. HPERM is indicated for home remedial treatment for mild to moderate PEM (Undernutrition / Malnutrition) however condition needs to be medically intervented to prevent the worsening of the situation and to provide adequate correction. Sinhyadi Ghrita mentioned in Ashtanghridya by Vagbhata is best in balshosha. Hence an attempt was made to study the effect of sinhyadi ghrita in the management of Balshosha(undernutrition).In presentÂ study two groups containing 30 patients each suffering from undernutrition were selected randomly irrespective to sex, gestational age. Sinhyadi ghrita and HPERM combination was used as a trial group. Parameters such as weight, height, MUAC, skin elasticity, BMI, dehabla, agnibala were taken in to consideration for assessing results. At the end of study it was found that trial drug was very effective in the management of undernutrition.
Study of ph effect on AZ31 magnesium alloy corrosion for using in temporary implants
Authors: Da Silva Caio A. J. da Silva , Braguin Lilian N. M. , O. Berbel Larissa , De Viveiros Bárbara V. G. , L. Rossi Jesualdo , Saiki Mitiko , Costa Isolda 
Published: April 2021

Currently, magnesium alloys are gaining great interest for medical applications due to their degrading properties in the human body ensuring a great biocompatibility. These alloys also provide profitable mechanical properties due similarities with human bone. However, a difficulty in applying these materials in the biomaterials industries is the corrosion prior to cell healing. The effect of the chemical composition of Mg alloys on their corrosion behavior is well known. In this study, samples of AZ31 magnesium alloy were cut into chips for elemental chemical analysis by neutron activation analysis (NAA). Concentrations of the elements As, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Sb and Zn were determined in the AZ31 alloy. Visualization tests of agar corrosion development in various media, of 0.90% sodium chloride solution (mass), phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and simulated body fluid (SBF) were performed. Visualizations of the effect of agar gel corrosion revealed pH variation during the corrosion process due to the released into the cathode. The highest released of hydroxyl ions occurred in NaCl solution compared to PBS and SBF solutions indicating that NaCl solution was much more aggressive to the alloy compared to the others.
The Pathologic Fracture Mortality Index: A Novel Externally Validated Tool for Predicting 30-day Postoperative Mortality
Authors: Raad Michael , Suresh Krishna V. , Puvanesarajah Varun , Forsberg Jonathan , Morris Carol , Levin Adam 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Current mortality predictive tools, in the setting of completed or impending pathologic fractures, are nonspecific. Clinical decision making and mortality prediction in research would benefit from creation of a high-fidelity scoring system for calculating the risk of 30-day postoperative mortality. The purpose of this study is to develop a validated research and clinical tool that is superior to existing methods in estimating postoperative mortality risk after fixation of pathologic fractures.

Methods:
One thousand two hundred nineteen patients who underwent fixation for either completed or impending pathologic fractures in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2012 to 2018) database were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression with diagnostics was used to develop a predictive model in a derivation cohort and then validated in a validation cohort. Area under the curve (AUC) from receiver operator curve analysis was used to assess accuracy. A score was derived and compared with the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification and modified five-component frailty index (mF-I5). The score was validated in an exclusive cohort of patients who underwent fixation for pathologic fractures at a tertiary care center.

Results:
Of 1,219, a total of 177 (15%) patients did not survive beyond 30 days postoperatively. AUC for our predictive model was 0.76 in the derivation and 0.75 in the validation National Surgical Quality Improvement Program cohorts. The derived Pathologic Fracture Morbidity Index included seven data points: anemia, alkaline phosphatase > 150 U/L, albumin < 3.5 mg/dL, pulmonary disease, recent weight loss, functional dependence, and white blood cell count >12,000. The PFMI (AUC = 0.75) was more accurate than ASA (AUC = 0.60) or mF-5 (AUC = 0.58) (P < 0.01). The AUC for PFMI in predicting 30-day mortality in the exclusive cohort (N = 39) was 0.74.

Conclusion:
The PFMI is a validated tool that may be used for predicting postoperative 30-day mortality after fixation of pathologic fractures, with higher level of accuracy compared with ASA or mF-I5.
Melatonin ameliorates myocardial injury by reducing apoptosis and autophagy of cardiomyocytes in a rat cardiopulmonary bypass model
Authors: Huang Xiaolin , Hou Jian , Huang Suiqing , Feng Kangni , Yue Yuan , Li Huayang , Huang Shaojie , Liang Mengya , Chen Guangxian , Wu Zhongkai 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundMyocardial injury is a frequent complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This study aimed to test the hypothesis that melatonin could attenuate myocardial injury in a rat CPB model.MethodsEighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups,n = 6 for each group: the sham operation (SO) group, CPB group and melatonin group. Rats in the SO group underwent cannulation without CPB, rats in CPB group intraperitoneal injected an equal volume of vehicle daily for 7 days before being subjected to CPB and rats in melatonin group intraperitoneal injected 20 mg/kg of melatonin solution daily for 7 days before being subjected to CPB. After 120 min for CPB, the expression levels of plasma interleukin (IL) -6, IL-1β, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), creatine kinase (CK) -MB and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) were measured. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by dihydroethidium (DHE). Apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Mitochondrial damage and autophagosomes were detected by electron microscopy. Apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) was detected by immunofluorescence. The expression of B cell lymphoma/leukemia2 associated X (Bax), B cell lymphoma/leukemia 2 (Bcl-2), cytochrome C (Cyto-C), cleaved caspase-9, AKT, p-AKT, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), p-STAT3, LC3, P62, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR), p-mTOR and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were determined using western blotting.ResultsMelatonin significantly decreased the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, MDA, CK-MB and cTnT and increased the levels of SOD and GSH-Px, all of which were altered by CPB. Melatonin reduced cardiomyocyte superoxide production, the apoptosis index and autophagy in cardiomyocytes induced by CPB. The AKT, STAT3 and mTOR signaling pathways were activated by melatonin during CPB.ConclusionMelatonin may serve as a cardioprotective factor in CPB by inhibiting oxidative damage, apoptosis and autophagy. The AKT, STAT3 and mTOR signaling pathways were involved in this process.
Mobile Marketing Initiatives on Consumer Attitudes and Buying Behaviour of Young Consumers in Sri-Lanka
Authors: Shahina Fathima , Sachitra Vilani 
Published: April 2021

Purpose: Mobile marketing is act as a phenomenon of great impact and relevance for marketing communications because it provides a continuous access to the consumer “anytime and anywhere”. Development of mobile marketing has become a greater opportunity to maintain an interactive and meaningful communication with customers for businesses, especially within the young generation. Young consumers are not homogeneous audiences for mobile marketing as their usage patterns and attitudes are widely depending on their social background, technological literacy and urban/rural lifestyles. The main objective of this study is to examine the influence of innovative mobile marketing services on customer attitudes and buying behaviours of young consumers in Sri-Lanka.
Method: Quantitative approach was used to investigate the specific research objective followed by explanatory research design. The sample size for this study was 130 undergraduates attached to university of Sri Jayewardenepura. Survey method was used to collect the data and a structured questionnaire was utilised as a data collection tool.
Findings: Multiple regression analysis results revealed the statistically significant relationships between mobile marketing initiatives (mobile app marketing and SMS marketing) and customer buying behaviour. The regression-based path analysis results indicated that customer attitudes mediate the relationship between mobile app marketing and customer buying behaviour. The path analysis on SMS marketing, customer attitudes and consumer buying behavior revealed that there was no mediating effect of customer attitudes for the relationship between SMS marketing and customer buying behaviour.
Research Implications: Mobile marketing initiatives provide marketers and business to connect more closely to customers. It is important for the marketers to know the influence of mobile marketing initiatives on the consumer buying attitudes and behaviours whether they are positive or negative.
Molecular Diversity Analysis of Somaclonal Variants of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers
Authors: Shamsuzzaman Md , Bhattacharjya Debu Kumar , Islam Md. Shariful , Hoque Md. Ekramul 
Published: April 2021

Aims: An experiment was conducted to analyze the DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity of nine potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) somaclonal variants and three check varieties.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was carried out at the Biotechnology laboratory of the Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh during November, 2013 to December, 2014.
Methodology: The somaclonal variants investigated were SIP-3, SIP-5, SVP-6, SVP-18, SVP-19, SVP-25, SVP-55, SVP-56 and SVP-68, while the check varieties were Cardinal, Diamant and Asterix. Six RAPD primers were used to perform PCR reaction after genomic DNA was extracted from young leaves.
Results: The selected 6 primers produced total 54 distinct and differential amplified DNA bands of size range 88 bp to 3265 bp, where 47 bands (~87%) were polymorphic and 7 bands (~13%) were monomorphic. The pair-wise inter-genotype similarity indices were ranged from 61.59% to 93.55% with an average of 74.31%. The Nei’s genetic distance among 12 potato genotypes was estimated from 0.0972 to 0.6217 whereas, genetic identity was between 0.5370 and 0.9074. Here, the distantly linked accessions among the somaclonal variations with check varieties were SVP-6 (to Cardinal and Diamant) and SVP-25 (to Asterix). In addition, the UPGMA dendrogram segregated the 12 potato genotypes into two broad clusters containing 8 and 4 genotypes, respectively. Furthermore, the dendrogram also displayed the highest genetic distance between SVP-6 vs SVP-68 genotype pair.
Conclusion: Significant relationship and diversity were found among the studied 12 genotypes. This genetic diversity among the potato genotypes would be utilized for further potato improvement.
Biodiesel Production from Sunflower Oil Using K2CO3 Impregnated Kaolin Novel Solid Base Catalyst
Authors: Jalalmanesh Shayan , Kazemeini Mohammad , Rahmani Mohamad H. , Zehtab Salmasi Milad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractKaolin clay material was loaded with potassium carbonate by impregnation method as a novel, effective, and economically heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production of sunflower oil via the transesterification reaction. The structural and chemical properties of the produced catalysts were characterized through several analyses including the X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller specific surface area. These revealed the best catalyst for the investigated reaction among different ones prepared based upon various impregnation extent of the potassium carbonate. The influence of this parameter was examined through a comparison of the catalytic activity of differently produced catalysts. The impregnation amount of 20 wt% K2CO3 upon the kaolin achieved the highest catalytic activity attributed to its highest basicity. To expand upon the efficiency of transesterification, such reaction parameters including the molar ratio between methanol and oil, reactor loading of the catalyst, and time duration of the reaction were optimized. The highest yield of biodiesel over the K2O/kaolin catalyst was around 95.3 ± 1.2%, which was achieved using the kaolin support impregnated with 20 wt% of K2CO3 under optimum reaction conditions of the catalyst, reactor loading of 5 wt%, reaction temperature of 65 °C, methanol:oil molar ratio of 6:1, and reaction duration time of 4 hours. Ultimately, this optimized catalyst was demonstrated to successfully withstand the aforementioned optimum criteria up to five consecutive reaction cycles while experiencing a rather negligible loss of about 10% of its activity.
“Air Anatomy” – Teaching Complex Spatial Anatomy Using Simple Hand Gestures
Authors: Yohannan Doris George , Oommen Aswathy Maria , Bhaskaran Jayaprasad Amogh , Raju Nithin Kadakampallil , Suresh Rakesh Omana , Nair Santhanu Jagannath 
Published: April 2021

Spatial understanding of complex anatomical concepts is often a challenge for learners, as well as for educators. It is even more challenging for students with low mental spatial abilities. There are many options to teach spatial relationships, ranging from simple models to high‐end three‐dimensional (3D) virtual reality tools. Using a randomized controlled trial design, this study explored the use of a unique combination of deictic and iconic hand gestures to enhance spatial anatomical understanding, coining the term “Air Anatomy”. The control group (n = 45) was given a lecture on the anatomy of extraocular muscles, while the intervention group (n = 49) received the same lecture including “Air Anatomy” hand gestures. When compared to the control group, the post‐test scores for the intervention group were significantly higher for basic recall (P < 0.001; Mann–Whitney U test) and for the application of knowledge (P = 0.015; Mann–Whitney U test). Students with low to moderate spatial ability (as assessed by a mental rotation test) were found to benefit most by this technique. Students in the intervention group also reported a lower extrinsic cognitive load and higher germane load, when compared to the control group. An instructional skills questionnaire survey indicated the effectiveness of this technique in improving overall classroom experience. Feedback of the students in the intervention group was also favorable for instruction using “Air Anatomy”. The study suggests that “Air Anatomy” is a useful, “no‐cost”, accessible method that aids spatial understanding of anatomical concepts.
Palladium/Zinc Co‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of γ‐Keto Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Zhang Keyang , Zhang Xuexin , Chen Jingchao , Liu Zixiu , Pan Chunxiang , Zhu Yuanbin , Wu Shiyuan , Fan Baomin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of levulinic acid has been successful developed by using Zn(OTf)2 as co‐catalyst. The present method not only has provided a strategy in the palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of ketone, but also allowed the preparation of a wide range of chiral γ‐valerolactones in good yields with excellent enantioselectivities.
A Novel Method to Prepare Flexible 3D NiO Nanosheets Electrodes for Alkaline Rechargeable Ni−Zn Batteries
Authors: Zhou Kai , Guo Xinying , Guo Yuanyuan , Zhuang Ruoxi , Chen Huifeng , Wang Shuai , Bao Yu , Han Dongxue , Niu Li 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe combination of excellent mechanical properties and electrochemical performances of Ni‐based cathodes is fascinating and challenging for Ni−Zn batteries. Herein, a novel and eco‐friendly strategy of the cycle of Ni2+ hydrolysis and H+ etching process at Ni/solution interface under moderate temperature is demonstrated to synthesize the three‐dimensional NiO nanosheets array supported on pressed Ni foam electrode (denoted as NiO/PNF). The as‐prepared NiO/PNF electrode exhibits outstanding mechanical flexibility and stability with a capacity of 5.08 mAh cm−3. The assembled NiO/PNF||Zn battery presents peak energy and power densities up to 5.2 mW h cm−3 and 1944.4 mW cm−3.
Solid‐State Room‐Temperature Near‐Infrared Photoluminescence of a Stable Organic Radical
Authors: Matsuoka Ryota , Kimura Shojiro , Kusamoto Tetsuro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLuminescent organic radicals often exhibit unique emission properties when isolated in solution or dispersed in host materials. However, luminescent properties of radicals in the fully aggregated pure solid state have rarely been investigated, especially at room temperature. Herein, a luminescent stable organic radical with a 3‐pyridyl moiety, the (2,4‐dichloro‐3‐pyridyl)bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl radical (metaPyBTM), was synthesized and characterized. Although the electronic structures and photophysical properties in solution of metaPyBTM and its analogues are similar, metaPyBTM displays distinct near‐infrared photoluminescence in the pure crystalline state at room temperature. The solid‐state luminescence properties of metaPyBTM depend strongly on temperature and the degree of aggregation. An external magnetic field also modulates the emission spectrum of metaPyBTM in the moderately aggregated state.
Determination of thyroid hormones in dietary supplements using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Pawar Rahul S. , Sagi Satyanarayanaraju , Leontyev Dmitry 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMore than 27 million Americans have some kind of thyroid disease. Numerous dietary supplements claiming to support healthy thyroid function and healthy metabolism and balance or promote weight loss are available for purchase in retail stores and on the internet. In the literature, there have been reports of adverse events associated with the consumption of thyroid hormone‐containing products. In this study, an LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the analysis of thyroxine (T4), 3,3′,5‐triiodo‐l‐thyronine (T3), 3,3′,5′‐triiodothyronine (rT3), 3,5‐diiodothyronine (3,5‐T2) and 3,3′‐diiodothyronine (3,3′‐T2) in dietary supplements. Sonication with methanol was used for the extraction of free hormones from nonglandular products. The tissue‐bound hormones from glandular thyroid products were extracted using a modified enzymatic digestion, in which the matrix was first extracted by sonication with methanol and then by enzymatic digestion with proteases. Both extraction methods provided acceptable recovery values between 78% and 116%. Fifty‐eight products making claims related to thyroid management were purchased over the internet from 2017–2018 and quantitatively analyzed for five hormones using the validated methods. Eleven out of 19 glandular products were found to contain quantifiable amounts of hormones. Maximum daily servings were also calculated for each product based on label information. The maximum amount of T4, T3, and rT3 per daily serving in the glandular products were up to 210, 32, and 7.6 μg/day, respectively. In the case of nonglandular products, which were labeled to contain plant extracts, vitamins, minerals, diiodo compounds, and so forth, the amounts of 3,5‐T2 and 3,3′‐T2 were up to 740 and 2700 μg/day, respectively.
Numerical investigation on heat transfer rate from the outside environment into the electronic compartment of the measurement‐while‐drilling tools
Authors: Gao Wenkai , Liu Ke , Dou Xiurong , Zhang Liang , Tang Song 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the increase of drilling depth, a large number of high‐temperature wells with bottom hole temperatures of more than 150°C appear. However, conventional measurement‐while‐drilling (MWD) instruments are no longer suitable. Therefore, it is necessary to design a new MWD instrument suitable for high‐temperature downhole for a long time. Compared with other active refrigeration methods, a split‐Stirling cryocooler is the best choice. In this paper, a new active cooling system is designed, based on the split‐Stirling cryocooler. The heat transfer rate entering the instrument cabin of MWD from the external environment is calculated, and the effects of the heat transfer device, insulation material, circuit board, split‐Stirling cryocooler, and working condition on heat transfer rate are discussed. The results show that the thermal conductivity of insulation material has a great influence on heat transfer rate. The thermal conductivity of the insulation material filled with the gap in the cabin must be small enough. Meanwhile, the influence of the length of the circuit board is greater than the height and width. If conditions permit, the double‐layer circuit can be used. And the thermal power of the circuit board has no effect on the heat transfer rate entering the instrument cabin from outside.