bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High slew rate pulsed electromagnetic field enhances bone consolidation and shortens daily treatment duration in distraction osteogenesis
Authors: Li Yucong , Yang Yongkang , Wang Ming , Zhang Xiaoting , Bai Shanshan , Lu Xuan , Li Yuan , Waldorff Erik I. , Zhang Nianli , Lee Wayne Yuk-Wai , Li Gang 
Published: December 2021

Aims Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a useful orthopaedic procedure employed to lengthen and reshape bones by stimulating bone formation through controlled slow stretching force. Despite its promising applications, difficulties are still encountered. Our previous study demonstrated that pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) treatment significantly enhances bone mineralization and neovascularization, suggesting its potential application. The current study compared a new, high slew rate (HSR) PEMF signal, with different treatment durations, with the standard Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved signal, to determine if HSR PEMF is a better alternative for bone formation augmentation. Methods The effects of a HSR PEMF signal with three daily treatment durations (0.5, one, and three hours/day) were investigated in an established rat DO model with comparison of an FDA-approved classic signal (three hrs/day). PEMF treatments were applied to the rats daily for 35 days, starting from the distraction phase until termination. Radiography, micro-CT (μCT), biomechanical tests, and histological examinations were employed to evaluate the quality of bone formation. Results All rats tolerated the treatment well and no obvious adverse effects were found. By comparison, the HSR signal (three hrs/day) treatment group achieved the best healing outcome, in that endochondral ossification and bone consolidation were enhanced. In addition, HSR signal treatment (one one hr/day) had similar effects to treatment using the classic signal (three three hrs/day), indicating that treatment duration could be significantly shortened with the HSR signal. Conclusion HSR signal may significantly enhance bone formation and shorten daily treatment duration in DO, making it a potential candidate for a new clinical protocol for patients undergoing DO treatments. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(12):767–779.
Ultra-broadband near-perfect absorber based on a single-layer Ge-assisted metasurface
Authors: Zhang Haosen , Wu Kedi 
Published: December 2021

We demonstrate a single-layer metasurface structure to achieve broadband near-perfect absorption at visible light to near-infrared wavelengths. The nanoposts with two different sizes in one unit cell excite the Mie resonances, thereby causing incident light to be efficiently coupled to the loss substrate and further enhance absorption. The metasurface and the supporting substrate are composed of the homogeneous material germanium. Broadband absorption can be achieved due to the coupling and overlapping of different orders of Mie resonances. The average absorption is 96% at wavelengths ranging from 400 to 1300 nm. The structure is polarization independent due to its

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symmetry. Our proposed structure also achieves an average absorption efficiency of 92% when the incident angle is up to 50°. This work may provide a paradigm for designing high-performance single-layer perfect absorbers, which is potentially applicable in advanced optical capture, integrated photon systems, and optoelectronic devices.
Full immunization coverage and associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in Somali Region, Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Yadita Zemenu Shiferaw , Ayehubizu Liyew Mekonen 
Published: December 2021

Objective
Despite those efforts in expanded programs of immunization, nearly one fifth of children in developing countries miss out basic vaccines. Moreover, many children who started vaccination fail to complete immunization.Identifying associated factorswhich is scarce in the study area, is crucial for interventions. This study assessed full-immunization and associated factors among children aged 12–23 months in Somali region, Eastern Ethiopia.

Methods
A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from October 1–30, 2018, in selected rural and urban kebeles in Somali regionamong 612 children. Cluster sampling was employed and data was collected using structured questionnaire. Full-immunization was measured by maternal recall and vaccination card.Data entry and analysis was done by EpiData3.1 and SPSSversion.20 respectively. Binary logistic regression with Bivariate and Multivariable model was usedto identify predictors of full-immunization. Odd ratios were computed and P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results
Based on maternal recall plus vaccination card 249(41.4%) of children were completed immunization, while vaccination only by card was 87(29.7%). Only 238(39.5%) of participants had good knowledge about vaccination. Not knowing to come back for next visits 197(55.8%) were the major reason for dropout. Residing in urban (AOR = 2.0, 95%CI: 1.0, 3.9),primary educated mothers(AOR = 2.2, 95%CI: 1.0, 5.0), married mothers (AOR = 4.2, 95%CI:1.0, 18), higher average monthly income (AOR = 2.5, 95%CI 1.1, 5.2)and delivered at health facilities (AOR = 3.8, 95%CI 1.9, 7.3)were significantly associated with full-immunization.

Conclusion
Coverage of full immunization was found to be low compared to the targets set in the Global Vaccine Action Plan(2011–2020).Two-third of the participants has poor knowledge about vaccination. Urban residence, mother education, higher family income, male child and institutional delivery were factors. This study suggests that awareness creation, behaviour change on vaccination and enhancing utilization of maternal health service including delivery service, should be stressed.
ECMO use in Germany: An analysis of 29,929 ECMO runs
Authors: Bercker Sven , Petroff David , Polze Nina , Karagianidis Christian , Bein Thomas , Laudi Sven , Stehr Sebastian N. , Voelker Maria Theresa 
Published: December 2021

Background
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) use is increasing despite limited evidence. The aim of this study was to demonstrate heterogeneity of ECMO use and its association with hospital size and annual frequency in Germany.

Methods
This is a database analysis of all ECMO cases in Germany from 2010 to 2016 using the German Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) coding system for ECMO.

Results
During the study period, 510 hospitals performed 29,929 ECMO runs (12,572 vvECMO, 11,504 vaECMO, 1993 pECLA) with an increase over time. Mortality ranged between 58% and 66% for vaECMO cases and 66% and 53% for vvECMO cases. 304 (61%) hospitals performed only one ECMO per year. 78%% of all ECMO runs were performed in centres with more than 20 cases per year and more than half of all ECMO runs were performed in hospitals with >1.000 beds. Mortality for vv and vaECMO was highest in very small hospitals (< 200 beds; 70%; 74%) and very large hospitals (>1000 beds; 60%; 62%).

Conclusions
Use of ECMO is still increasing and a substantial proportion of hospitals performs very few ECMO runs. Small hospitals had a significantly higher mortality, but dependence on hospital size and ECMO mortality was irregular.
Pertussis immunisation in infancy and atopic outcomes: A protocol for a population-based cohort study using linked administrative data
Authors: Pérez Chacón Gladymar , Fathima Parveen , Jones Mark , Barnes Rosanne , Richmond Peter C. , Gidding Heather F. , Moore Hannah C. , Snelling Thomas L. 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionThe burden of IgE-mediated food allergy in Australian born children is reported to be among the highest globally. This illness shares risk factors and frequently coexists with asthma, one of the most common noncommunicable diseases of childhood. Findings from a case-control study suggest that compared to immunisation with acellular pertussis vaccine, early priming of infants with whole-cell pertussis vaccine may be associated with a lower risk of subsequent IgE-mediated food allergy. If whole-cell vaccination is protective of food allergy and other atopic diseases, especially if protective against childhood asthma, the population-level effects could justify its preferential recommendation. However, the potential beneficial effects of whole-cell pertussis vaccination for the prevention of atopic diseases at a population-scale are yet to be investigated.Methods and analysisAnalyses of population-based record linkage data will be undertaken to compare the rates of admissions to hospital for asthma in children aged between 5 and 15 years old, who were born in Western Australia (WA) or New South Wales (NSW) between 1997 and 1999 (329,831) when pertussis immunisation in Australia transitioned from whole-cell to acellular only schedules. In the primary analysis we will estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the time-to-first-event (hospital admissions as above) using Cox proportional hazard models in recipients of a first dose of whole-cell versus acellular pertussis-containing vaccine before 112 days old (~4 months of age). Similarly, we will also fit time-to-recurrent events analyses using Andersen-Gill models, and robust variance estimates to account for potential within-child dependence. Hospitalisations for all-cause anaphylaxis, food anaphylaxis, venom, all-cause urticaria and atopic dermatitis will also be examined in children who received at least one dose of pertussis-containing vaccine by the time of the cohort entry, using analogous statistical methods. Presentations to the emergency departments will be assessed separately using the same statistical approach.
Prevalence and predictors of Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) after hospital discharge: A cohort study with 4 months median follow-up
Authors: Tleyjeh Imad M. , Saddik Basema , AlSwaidan Nourah , AlAnazi Ahmed , Ramakrishnan Rakhee K. , Alhazmi Deema , Aloufi Ahmad , AlSumait Fahad , Berbari Elie , Halwani Rabih 
Published: December 2021

Background
Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) is an emerging healthcare burden. The risk factors associated with PACS remain largely unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of new or persistent symptoms in COVID-19 patients post hospital discharge and identify associated risk factors.

Methods
Our prospective cohort comprised of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between May and July 2020. The patients were interviewed through phone calls by trained physicians from 6 weeks up to 6 months post hospital discharge. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models were used to examine for predictors associated with persistence of symptoms and non-return to baseline health.

Results
222 COVID-19 patients responded to follow-up phone interviews after a median of 122 days post discharge. The majority of patients were men (77%) with mean age of 52.47 (± 13.95) years. 56.3% of patients complained of persistent symptoms; 66 (29.7%) experiencing them for >21 days and 64 (28.8%) reporting not having returned to their baseline health. Furthermore, 39 patients (17.6%) reported visiting an emergency room post discharge for COVID-19-related symptoms while 16 (7.2%) had required re-hospitalization. Shortness of breath (40.1%), cough (27.5%) and fatigue (29.7%) were the most frequently reported symptoms at follow-up. After multivariable adjustments, female gender, pre-existing hypertension and length of hospital stay were associated with an increased risk of new or persistent symptoms. Age, pre-existing lung disease and emergency room visits increased the likelihood of not fully recovering from acute COVID-19. Patients who were treated with interferon β-1b based triple antiviral therapy during hospital stay were less likely to experience new or persistent symptoms and more likely to return to their baseline health.

Conclusions
COVID-19 survivors continued to suffer from dyspnea, cough and fatigue at 4 months post hospital discharge. Several risk factors could predict which patients are more likely to experience PACS and may benefit from individualized follow-up and rehabilitation programs.
On the generalizability of same-day partial knee replacement surgery—A non-selective interventional study evaluating efficacy, patient satisfaction, and safety in a public hospital setting
Authors: Tveit Magnus 
Published: December 2021

Purpose
Programs referred to as Fast-Track/Rapid Recovery/Enhanced Recovery After Surgery have proven both effective and safe in joint replacement surgery, to the degree where same-day discharge (SDD) has been attempted in carefully selected cases at specialized outpatient units. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate a same-day surgery protocol regarding safety using the minor partial knee replacement (PKR) procedure by non-selectively recruiting patients at a public hospital for one consecutive year.

Methods
33 unselected PKR cases were included in this open clinical trial. The inclusion/exclusion criteria were solely based on logistics, as all the procedures were medial PKRs, designated the first morning slots, and performed by one single-surgeon. Strict postoperative criteria based on vital parameters, urinary function, bleeding, and mobilization had to be met before discharge was considered. SDD rate, patient satisfaction, number of outpatient visits, adverse events and readmissions within 90 days were evaluated. A predetermined subgroup analysis was also conducted where patients <80 yrs. and with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification <III was compared with those aged ≥80 yrs. and/or ASA class ≥III.

Results
29 of 33 (88%) successfully achieved SDD. In a univariate comparison, 100% of the patients <80 yrs. and ASA class <III achieved SDD, whereas a corresponding 43% applied for those aged ≥80 yrs. and/or ASA class ≥III (p = 0.001). A 93% overall satisfaction rate was reached. Only 8% extra outpatient visits were required, all occurring within the first 2 weeks (well in line with routine practice.) One plausible transient ischemic attack and one readmission caused by a penetrating trauma not affecting the knee were identified, both of which happened 10 weeks after surgery. No adverse events or readmissions occurred within the first 48 hours of surgery.

Conclusion
When following strict criteria for discharge, same-day partial knee replacement surgery may be both feasible and safe, even without preselection of patients.
Ecodramaturgies: Theatre, Performance and Climate Change, Lisa Woynarski (2020)
Authors: Spalink Angenette 
Published: December 2021

Review of: Ecodramaturgies: Theatre, Performance and Climate Change, Lisa Woynarski (2020)
Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 239 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-03055-852-9, h/bk, £79.99
ISBN 978-3-03055-853-6, e-PDF/e-Pub, £63.99
Risk Factors for Bile Aspiration and its Impact on Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Rosen Rachel , Lurie Margot , Kane Madeline , DiFilippo Courtney , Cohen Alexandra , Freiberger Dawn , Boyer Debra , Visner Gary , Narvaez-Rivas Monica , Liu Enju , Setchell Kenneth 
Published: December 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Bile reflux may cause for lung allograft rejection, yet there are no studies that determine (i) the relationship between gastric and lung bile concentrations, (ii) whether bile is present in lungs of nontransplant patients, (iii) the relationship between gastric dysmotility and lung bile, (iv) the impact of reflux therapies on lung bile, and (v) whether lung bile worsens outcomes in nontransplant patients. This study will address these gaps in the literature.

METHODS:
We prospectively recruited lung transplant (LTX) patients and nontransplant patients with respiratory symptoms (RP) and collected paired gastric and lung samples. Bile concentration and composition of samples was assessed using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Bile results were compared with clinical parameters, including the presence of esophagitis, gastric dysmotility, and/or pathologic gastroesophageal reflux.

RESULTS:
Seventy patients (48 RP and 22 LTX) were recruited. Overall, 100% of gastric and 98% of bronchoalveolar lavage samples contained bile. The mean gastric bile concentrations in RP and LTX patients were 280 ± 703 nmol/L and 1,004 ± 1721 nmol/L, respectively (P = 0.02). There was no difference in lung bile concentrations between RP (9 ± 30 nmol/L) and LTX (11 ± 15 nmol/L, P = 0.7). Patients with delayed gastric emptying had higher lung bile concentrations (15.5 ± 18.8 nmol/L) than patients with normal gastric emptying (4.8 ± 5.7 nmol/L, P = 0.05) independently of reflux burden. Proton pump inhibitor use increased the proportion of unconjugated gastric bile acids. High lung bile concentrations were associated with an increased risk of hospitalization and longer hospital stays in RP patients (P < 0.05).

DISCUSSION:
Lung bile is almost universally present in symptomatic patients, and higher concentrations are associated with poorer respiratory outcomes.
Real-Time MRI Reveals Unique Insight into the Full Kinematics of Eye Movements
Authors: Kirchner Johannes , Watson Tamara , Lappe Markus 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOur eyes are constantly in motion and the various kinds of eye movements are closely linked to many aspects of human cognitive processing. Measuring all possible eye movements unobtrusively is not achievable with current methods. Video-based eye-trackers only measure rotational but not translational motion of the eye, require a calibration process relying on the participant’s self-report of accurate fixation, and do not work if vision of the eyeball is blocked. Scleral search coils attach physical weight on the eyeball and also do not measure translation. Here, we describe a novel and fully automated method to use real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for eye tracking. We achieved a temporal resolution sufficient to measure eye rotations and translations as short as those that occur within a blink and behind a closed eyelid. To demonstrate this method, we measured the full extent of the blink-related eye movement for two individuals, suggesting that the eye approaches a holding position during lid closure and can move by as much as 35° in rotation and 2 mm in translation. We also investigated the coordination of gaze shifts with blinks. We found that the gaze shift is tightly coupled in time to the translational blink movement and that blinks can induce significant temporal shifts of the gaze trajectory between left and right eye. Our MR-based Eye Tracking (MREyeTrack) method allows measurement of eye movements in terms of both translation and rotation and enables new opportunities for studying ocular motility and its disorders.
GCH1 Deficiency Activates Brain Innate Immune Response and Impairs Tyrosine Hydroxylase Homeostasis
Authors: Larbalestier Hannah , Keatinge Marcus , Watson Lisa , White Emma , Gowda Siri , Wei Wenbin , Koler Katjusa , Semenova Svetlana A. , Elkin Adam M. , Rimmer Neal , Sweeney Sean T. , Mazzolini Julie , Sieger Dirk , Hide Winston , McDearmid Jonathan , Panula Pertti , MacDonald Ryan B. , Bandmann Oliver 
Published: December 2021

The Parkinson's disease (PD) risk gene GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, an essential cofactor in the synthesis of monoaminergic neurotransmitters. To investigate the mechanisms by which GCH1 deficiency may contribute to PD, we generated a loss of function zebrafishgch1mutant (gch1–/–), using CRISPR/Cas technology.gch1–/–zebrafish develop marked monoaminergic neurotransmitter deficiencies by 5 d postfertilization (dpf), movement deficits by 8 dpf and lethality by 12 dpf. Tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) protein levels were markedly reduced without loss of ascending dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons. L-DOPA treatment ofgch1–/–larvae improved survival without ameliorating the motor phenotype. RNAseq ofgch1–/–larval brain tissue identified highly upregulated transcripts involved in innate immune response. Subsequent experiments provided morphologic and functional evidence of microglial activation ingch1–/–. The results of our study suggest that GCH1 deficiency may unmask early, subclinical parkinsonism and only indirectly contribute to neuronal cell death via immune-mediated mechanisms. Our work highlights the importance of functional validation for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) risk factors and further emphasizes the important role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of PD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGenome-wide association studies have now identified at least 90 genetic risk factors for sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). Zebrafish are an ideal tool to determine the mechanistic role of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) risk genes in a vertebrate animal model. The discovery of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1) as a genetic risk factor for PD was counterintuitive, GCH1 is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of dopamine (DA), mutations had previously been described in the non-neurodegenerative movement disorder dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD). Rather than causing DAergic cell death (as previously hypothesized by others), we now demonstrate that GCH1 impairs tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) homeostasis and activates innate immune mechanisms in the brain and provide evidence of microglial activation and phagocytic activity.
Taste Bud Connectome: Implications for Taste Information Processing
Authors: Wilson Courtney E. , Lasher Robert S. , Yang Ruibiao , Dzowo Yannick , Kinnamon John C. , Finger Thomas E. 
Published: December 2021

Taste buds contain multiple cell types, two of which mediate transduction of specific taste qualities: Type III cells transduce sour while Type II cells transduce either sweet, or bitter or umami. In order to discern the degree of interaction between different cell types and specificity of connectivity with the afferent nerve fibers (NFs), we employed serial blockface scanning electron microscopy (sbfSEM) through five circumvallate mouse taste buds. Points of contact between Type II and Type III cells are rare and lack morphologically identifiable synapses, suggesting that interaction between these cell types does not occur via synapses. Of the 127 NFs that make synaptic contacts with taste cells in the sampling volume, ∼70% (n= 91) synapse with only one taste cell while 32 fibers synapse exclusively with multiple Type II cells or multiple Type III cells. Our data do not rule out multimodal fibers innervating Type II cells of separate taste qualities. Notably, four fibers (∼3%) synapse with both Type II and Type III cells, forming both mitochondrial and vesicular synapses on the different cell types. Since Type II and Type III cells transduce different taste qualities, these dual connected fibers are not consistent with a absolute labeled-line encoding system. Further, our data reveal considerable variation in both the number of synapses per cell/nerve pair and the number of innervating NFs per taste cell, both of which likely have consequences for encoding taste quality and concentration. Finally, we identify a subset of Type II cells which may represent an immature stage.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTaste buds, the sensory end organs for the sense of taste, contain multiple types of sensory cells, with each responding to one of the primary tastes: salt, sweet, sour, bitter, and umami. In order to determine the degree of interaction between cell types and specificity of connectivity to afferent nerves, we employed serial blockface electron microscopy (EM) of mouse circumvallate taste buds. We find no synapses between cell types within the taste bud suggesting that any interactions are indirect. While the majority of nerve fibers (NFs) connect to a single type of taste cell, 3.1% of the fibers branch to receive input from taste cells of different specificities. Thus, taste cannot entirely be carried along NFs dedicated to single taste qualities.