bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vision for action: thalamic and cortical inputs to the macaque superior parietal lobule
Authors: Gamberini Michela , Passarelli Lauretta , Filippini Matteo , Fattori Patrizia , Galletti Claudio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe dorsal visual stream, the cortical circuit that in the primate brain is mainly dedicated to the visual control of actions, is split into two routes, a lateral and a medial one, both involved in coding different aspects of sensorimotor control of actions. The lateral route, named “lateral grasping network”, is mainly involved in the control of the distal part of prehension, namely grasping and manipulation. The medial route, named “reach-to-grasp network”, is involved in the control of the full deployment of prehension act, from the direction of arm movement to the shaping of the hand according to the object to be grasped. In macaque monkeys, the reach-to-grasp network (the target of this review) includes areas of the superior parietal lobule (SPL) that hosts visual and somatosensory neurons well suited to control goal-directed limb movements toward stationary as well as moving objects. After a brief summary of the neuronal functional properties of these areas, we will analyze their cortical and thalamic inputs thanks to retrograde neuronal tracers separately injected into the SPL areas V6, V6A, PEc, and PE. These areas receive visual and somatosensory information distributed in a caudorostral, visuosomatic trend, and some of them are directly connected with the dorsal premotor cortex. This review is particularly focused on the origin and type of visual information reaching the SPL, and on the functional role this information can play in guiding limb interaction with objects in structured and dynamic environments.
Description of a clinical decision support tool with integrated dose calculator for paediatrics
Authors: Higi Lukas , Käser Karin , Wälti Monika , Grotzer Michael , Vonbach Priska 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMedication errors, especially dosing errors are a leading cause of preventable harm in paediatric patients. The paediatric patient population is particularly vulnerable to dosing errors due to immaturity of metabolising organs and developmental changes. Moreover, the lack of clinical trial data or suitable drug forms, and the need for weight-based dosing, does not simplify drug dosing in paediatric or neonatal patients. Consequently, paediatric pharmacotherapy often requires unlicensed and off-label use including manipulation of adult dosage forms. In practice, this results in the need to calculate individual dosages which in turn increases the likelihood of dosing errors. In the age of digitalisation, clinical decision support (CDS) tools can support healthcare professionals in their daily work. CDS tools are currently amongst the gold standards in reducing preventable errors. In this publication, we describe the development and core functionalities of the CDS tool PEDeDose, a Class IIa medical device software certified according to the European Medical Device Regulation. The CDS tool provides a drug dosing formulary with an integrated calculator to determine individual dosages for paediatric, neonatal, and preterm patients. Even a technical interface is part of the CDS tool to facilitate integration into primary systems. This enables the support of the paediatrician directly during the prescribing process without changing the user interface.Conclusion: PEDeDose is a state-of-the-art CDS tool for individualised paediatric drug dosing that includes a certified calculator.

What is Known:• Dosing errors are the most common type of medication errors in paediatric patients.• Clinical decision support tools can reduce medication errors effectively. Integration into the practitioner’s workflow improves usability and user acceptance.

What is New:• A clinical decision support tool with a certified integrated dosing calculator for paediatric drug dosing.• The tool was designed to facilitate integration into clinical information systems to directly support the prescribing process. Any clinical information system available can interoperate with the PEDeDose web service.
Excitation-emission fluorescence matrix acquired from glutathione capped CdSeS/ZnS quantum dots in combination with chemometric tools for pattern-based sensing of neurotransmitters
Authors: Głowacz Klaudia , Drozd Marcin , Ciosek-Skibińska Patrycja 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe presented work concerns pattern-based sensing with quantum dots for the identification and quantification of neurotransmitters by means of excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy (2D fluorescence). In the framework of this study, glutathione capped CdSeS/ZnS nanocrystals were used as non-specific nanoreceptors capable of differentiated interaction with neurotransmitters. The pattern-based sensing with QDs was realized by using excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy to provide analyte-specific multidimensional optical information. These characteristic fluorescent response patterns were processed by unfolded partial least squares–discriminant analysis, showing that satisfactory identification of all investigated neurotransmitters: dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, GABA, and acetylcholine, can be achieved through the proposed sensing strategy. The impact of the considered fluorescence signal (datum, i.e. zeroth-order data acquired per sample; spectrum, i.e. first-order data acquired per sample; excitation-emission matrix, i.e. second-order data acquired per sample) on the sensing capability of glutathione capped QDs was also verified. The best performance parameters such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity were obtained using excitation-emission matrices (88.9–93.3%, 0.93–0.95, 0.89–0.93, and 0.99–1.00, respectively). Thus, it was revealed that excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy may improve the recognition of neurotransmitters while using only one type of nanoreceptor. Furthermore, is was demonstrated that the proposed excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy assisted QD assay coupled with unfolded partial least squares regression can be successfully utilized for quantitative determination of catecholamine neurotransmitters at the micromolar concentration range with R2 in the range 0.916–0.987. Consequently, the proposed sensing strategy has the potential to significantly simplify the sensing element and to expand the pool of bioanalytes so far detectable with the use of QDs.
Graphical abstract
Hochschulbeschäftigte in der Coronapandemie
Authors: Allgayer Kathrin , Bäßler Carolin , Jutz Regina , Niederberger Marlen 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Coronapandemie erweist sich 2020/21 für die gesamte deutsche Bevölkerung als multidimensionaler Stressfaktor. Erste Studien deuten an, dass diese Zeit insbesondere für berufstätige Eltern mit Kind(ern) herausfordernd ist. Sie sind Belastungsfaktoren ausgesetzt, aus denen sich psychische, soziale und physische Gefährdungen ergeben können.

Ziel der Arbeit
Untersucht werden die Auswirkungen der Coronapandemie auf die Gesundheit und das Wohlbefinden von Hochschulbeschäftigten mit Kind(ern) im Kita- und Grundschulalter aus Sachsen (SN) und Baden-Württemberg (BW).

Methodik
Mittels eines standardisierten Online-Fragebogens wurden Hochschulbeschäftigte in SN und BW zu ihrer Lebens- und Arbeitssituation in der Coronapandemie sowie ihrem subjektiven Wohlbefinden und ihrer Gesundheit befragt.

Ergebnisse
Besonders belastend nehmen die Befragten die Veränderung der sozialen Situation, die Verschlechterung der Balance zwischen Berufs- und Privatleben und das Verschwimmen der Grenzen zwischen Arbeits- und privater Zeit wahr. Die befragten Hochschulbeschäftigten in SN zeigen bei verschiedenen Belastungsfaktoren in Bezug auf die Arbeitssituation signifikant schlechtere Bewertungen als die Befragten in BW. In beiden Bundesländern geben jeweils mehr als die Hälfte der Befragten eher kritische Werte für ihr Wohlbefinden an.

Schlussfolgerung
Die Coronapandemie und die damit einhergehenden Schutzmaßnahmen haben negative Auswirkungen auf das Wohlbefinden von Hochschulbeschäftigten mit Kind(ern) im Kita- und Grundschulalter. Inwieweit sich diese Effekte längerfristig zeigen, wenn beispielsweise strukturelle Maßnahmen im Bereich Homeoffice und Online-Lehre in Hochschulen verstetigt werden, ist zu prüfen.
Optimierung der Verpflegung in Kita und Grundschule
Authors: Niederberger Marlen , Nowitzki-Grimm Susanne , Werner Lisa , Schleicher Katja , Lührmann Petra 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungHintergrundIm Rahmen von „IN FORM – Deutschlands Initiative für gesunde Ernährung und mehr Bewegung“ will das Projekt „Optimierung der Verpflegung in Kita und Schule“ wirksame Impulse in der Verhaltens- und Verhältnisprävention setzen und die Verknüpfung von Ernährungsbildung und Verpflegung in Kita und Grundschule voranbringen. Im Jahr 2019 gab das Landeszentrum für Ernährung Baden-Württemberg an der Landesanstalt für Landwirtschaft, Ernährung und Ländlicher Raum eine wissenschaftliche Evaluation der Umsetzung des Projekts in Baden-Württemberg in Auftrag.Ziel der ArbeitDen Abschluss der methodenintegrativen Evaluation bildete ein Delphi-Verfahren, bei dem konsentierte Handlungsempfehlungen zur Optimierung der Verpflegung in Kita und Grundschule identifiziert wurden. Hierzu wurden Expert*innen um ihre Urteile zur Qualität des Verpflegungsangebots, zur Vernetzung relevanter Akteur*innen, zur formalen Ernährungsbildung und zur strukturellen Verankerung der Verpflegung gebeten.MethodikDurchgeführt wurde ein dreistufiges online-basiertes Delphi-Verfahren. In zwei Befragungsrunden wurden die am Projekt beteiligten Praxisakteur*innen und externe Wissenschaftler*innen standardisiert befragt. Im Anschluss wurde ein Online-Workshop durchgeführt, bei dem dissente Urteile der vorherigen Befragungen offen mit den Expert*innen diskutiert und mögliche Hintergründe eruiert wurden.Ergebnisse und DiskussionDie Expert*innen sind sich einig, dass eine gesundheitsförderliche Kita- und Schulverpflegung für das informelle Lernen wichtig ist und mit der formalen Ernährungsbildung verknüpft werden sollte. Für die Umsetzung sehen sie eine zentrale Rolle bei Kita- bzw. Schulleitungen und festen Ansprechpersonen in den jeweiligen Einrichtungen. Einen Handlungsbedarf sehen die Expert*innen in der Sensibilisierung, Beteiligung und Schulung verschiedener Akteur*innen sowie im Ausbau der Unterstützungsangebote für Kita und Grundschule.
Cognition enhancing abilities of vitamin D, epalrestat and their combination in diabetic rats with and without scopolamine induced amnesia
Authors: Kulkarni Utkarsha D. , Kumari Kamalkishore Meena , Vittalrao Amberkar Mohanbabu , Kumar Siraganahalli Eshwaraiah Praveen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPersistent hyperglycaemia and scopolamine were used to inflict amnesia in rats. Chronic hyperglycaemia causes metabolic impairment, neuronal dysfunction and oxidative stress causing cognitive impairment. This study aimed to determine anti amnesic activities of vitamin D, epalrestat and their combination against diabetes and scopolamine induced cognitive dysfunction. A total of eighty-eight Wistar albino rats, eleven groups, and 8 rats/Gr., were used. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced in all groups, except Gr.1 which was treated with 2 ml normal saline. Gr. 2 to 11 by feeding high fat diet for 28 days followed by single dose streptozotocin 35 mg/kg i.p. Hyperglycemic rats were screened with blood sugar level > 200 mg/dL. Gr. 2 rats were treated with only streptozotocin and Gr. 3 to 6 were treated with streptozotocin and test drugs donepezil 1 mg/kg, vitamin D, 27 mcg/kg, epalrestat 57 mg/kg, vitamin D + epalrestat, per oral, respectively. Gr. 7 rats were treated with only streptozotocin + scopolamine and all others from Gr. 8 to 11 were treated with streptozotocin + scopolamine and donepezil, vitamin D, epalrestat, vitamin D + epalrestat respectively. The gold standard behavioural tests were conducted by using Morris water maze and passive avoidance paradigms after 30–60 min of inj. scopolamine, 0.5 mg/kg, intra-peritoneal. Hippocampal tissue was taken for histopathological and biochemical evaluation. Rats treated with donepezil, vitamin D, epalrestat and vitamin D + epalrestat showed significant improvement in behavioural, biochemical and histopathological parameters as compared to streptozotocin and (streptozotocin + scopolamine) treated rats. This study underscores cognition enhancing abilities of vitamin D and epalrestat, and their combination in diabetic rats with and without scopolamine.
Amide proton transfer imaging in differentiation of type II and type I endometrial carcinoma: a pilot study
Authors: Ochiai Ryoya , Mukuda Naoko , Yunaga Hiroto , Kitao Shinichiro , Okuda Kyohei , Sato Shinya , Oishi Tetsuro , Miyoshi Mitsuharu , Nozaki Atsushi , Fujii Shinya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of amide proton transfer (APT) imaging in differentiation of type II and type I uterine endometrial carcinoma.Materials and methodsThirty-three patients diagnosed with uterine endometrial carcinoma, including 24 with type I and 9 with type II carcinomas, underwent APT imaging. Two readers evaluated the magnetization transfer ratio at 3.5 ppm [MTRasym(3.5 ppm)] in each type of carcinoma. The average MTRasym(APTmean) and the maximum MTRasym(APTmax) were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed.ResultsThe APTmaxwas significantly higher in type II carcinomas than in type I carcinomas (reader1,p = 0.004; reader 2,p = 0.014; respectively). However, APTmeanshowed no significant difference between type I and II carcinomas. Based on the results reported by reader 1, the area under the curve (AUC) pertaining to the APTmaxfor distinguishing type I from type II carcinomas was 0.826, with a cut-off, sensitivity, and specificity of 9.90%, 66.7%, and 91.3%, respectively. Moreover, based on the results reported by reader 2, the AUC was 0.750, with a cut-off, sensitivity, and specificity of 9.80%, 62.5%, and 87.5%, respectively.ConclusionAPT imaging has the potential to determine the type of endometrial cancer.
Targeting working memory to modify emotional reactivity in adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study
Authors: Kaiser Antonia , Reneman Liesbeth , Lucassen Paul J. , de Vries Taco J. , Schrantee Anouk , Kaag Anne Marije 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the neural mechanisms of emotional reactivity in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may help develop more effective treatments that target emotion dysregulation. In adult ADHD, emotion regulation problems cover a range of dimensions, including emotional reactivity (ER). One important process that could underlie an impaired ER in ADHD might be impaired working memory (WM) processing. We recently demonstrated that taxing WM prior to the exposure of emotionally salient stimuli reduced physiological and subjective reactivity to such cues in heavy drinkers, suggesting lasting effects of WM activation on ER. Here, we investigated neural mechanisms that could underlie the interaction between WM and ER in adult ADHD participants. We included 30 male ADHD participants and 30 matched controls. Participants performed a novel functional magnetic resonance imaging paradigm in which active WM-blocks were alternated with passive blocks of negative and neutral images. We demonstrated group-independent significant main effects of negative emotional images on amygdala activation, and WM-load on paracingulate gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activation. Contrary to earlier reports in adolescent ADHD, no impairments were found in neural correlates of WM or ER. Moreover, taxing WM did not alter the neural correlates of ER in either ADHD or control participants. While we did find effects on the amygdala, paCG, and dlPFC activation, we did not find interactions between WM and ER, possibly due to the relatively unimpaired ADHD population and a well-matched control group. Whether targeting WM might be effective in participants with ADHD with severe ER impairments remains to be investigated.
SGLT2 Inhibitors and Their Mode of Action in Heart Failure—Has the Mystery Been Unravelled?
Authors: Pabel Steffen , Hamdani Nazha , Luedde Mark , Sossalla Samuel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose of review
SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are new drugs for patients with heart failure (HF) irrespective of diabetes. However, the mechanisms of SGLT2i in HF remain elusive. This article discusses the current clinical evidence for using SGLT2i in different types of heart failure and provides an overview about the possible underlying mechanisms.

Recent findings
Clinical and basic data strongly support and extend the use of SGLT2i in HF. Improvement of conventional secondary risk factors is unlikely to explain the prognostic benefits of these drugs in HF. However, different multidirectional mechanisms of SGLT2i could improve HF status including volume regulation, cardiorenal mechanisms, metabolic effects, improved cardiac remodelling, direct effects on cardiac contractility and ion-homeostasis, reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress as well as an impact on autophagy and adipokines.

Summary
Further translational studies are needed to determine the mechanisms of SGLT2i in HF. However, basic and clinical evidence encourage the use of SGLT2i in HFrEF and possibly HFpEF.
Listing criteria for heart transplantation in the Netherlands
Authors: de Jonge N. , Damman K. , Ramjankhan F. Z. , van der Kaaij N. P. , van den Broek S. A. J. , Erasmus M. E. , Kuijpers M. , Manintveld O. , Bekkers J. A. , Constantinescu A. C. , Brugts J. J. , Oerlemans M. I. F. , van Laake L. W. , Caliskan K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe updated listing criteria for heart transplantation are presented on behalf of the three heart transplant centres in the Netherlands. Given the shortage of donor hearts, selection of those patients who may expect to have the greatest benefit from a scarce societal resource in terms of life expectancy and quality of life is inevitable. The indication for heart transplantation includes end-stage heart disease not remediable by more conservative measures, accompanied by severe physical limitation while on optimal medical therapy, including ICD/CRT‑D. Assessment of this condition requires cardiopulmonary stress testing, prognostic stratification and invasive haemodynamic measurements. Timely referral to a tertiary centre is essential for an optimal outcome. Chronic mechanical circulatory support is being used more and more as an alternative to heart transplantation and to bridge the progressively longer waiting time for heart transplantation and, thus, has become an important treatment option for patients with advanced heart failure.
Geomechanical model and wellbore stability analysis utilizing acoustic impedance and reflection coefficient in a carbonate reservoir
Authors: Bagheri Hassan , Tanha Abbas Ayatizadeh , Doulati Ardejani Faramarz , Heydari-Tajareh Mojtaba , Larki Ehsan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne of the most important oil and gas drilling studies is wellbore stability analysis. The purpose of this research is to investigate wellbore stability from a different perspective. To begin, vertical stress and pore pressure were calculated. The lowest and maximum horizontal stress were calculated using poroelastic equations. The strike-slip to normal fault regime was shown by calculated in situ stress values. The 1-D geomechanical model was utilized to investigate the failure mechanisms and safe mud window estimation using the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. Using density and sonic (compressional and shear slowness) logs, the acoustic impedance (AI) and reflection coefficient (RC) logs were determined subsequently. The combination of layers with different AI indicates positive and negative values for the RC, zones prone to shear failure or breakout, and the mud weight in these zones should be increased, according to the interpretation of the AI and RC readings and the results of the geomechanical model. Furthermore, the zones with almost constant values of AI log and values close to zero for RC log are stable as homogeneously lithologically, but have a lower tensile failure threshold than the intervals that are sensitive to shear failure, and if the mud weight increases, these zones are susceptible to tensile failure or breakdown. Increased porosity values, which directly correspond with the shear failure threshold and inversely with the tensile failure threshold, cause AI values to decrease in homogenous zones, but have no effect on the behavior of the RC log. This approach can determine the potential zones to kick, loss, shear failure, and tensile failure in a short time.
Bayesian Models for Analysis of Inventory and Monitoring Data with Non-ignorable Missingness
Authors: Zachmann Luke J. , Borgman Erin M. , Witwicki Dana L. , Swan Megan C. , McIntyre Cheryl , Hobbs N. Thompson 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe describe the application of Bayesian hierarchical models to the analysis of data from long-term, environmental monitoring programs. The goal of these ongoing programs is to understand status and trend in natural resources. Data are usually collected using complex sampling designs including stratification, revisit schedules, finite populations, unequal probabilities of inclusion of sample units, and censored observations. Complex designs intentionally create data that are missing from the complete data that could theoretically be obtained. This “missingness” cannot be ignored in analysis. Data collected by monitoring programs have traditionally been analyzed using the design-based Horvitz–Thompson estimator to obtain point estimates of means and variances over time. However, Horvitz–Thompson point estimates are not capable of supporting inference on temporal trend or the predictor variables that might explain trend, which instead requires model-based inference. The key to applying model-based inference to data arising from complex designs is to include information about the sampling design in the analysis. The statistical concept of ignorability provides a theoretical foundation for meeting this requirement. We show how Bayesian hierarchical models provide a general framework supporting inference on status and trend using data from the National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program as examples. Supplemental Materials Code and data for implementing the analyses described here can be accessed here:https://doi.org/10.36967/code-2287025.
La Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, una patologia epatica di interesse endocrinologico
Authors: Gangitano Elena , Ginanni Corradini Stefano , Lubrano Carla , Gnessi Lucio 
Published: September 2021

SommarioLa Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) comprende diversi stadi di patologia epatica che vanno dalla steatosi alla cirrosi epatica. È considerata la manifestazione epatica della patologia metabolica e alcune alterazioni endocrinologiche possono concorrere a determinarne l’insorgenza o la progressione. È quindi di fondamentale importanza che l’endocrinologo sia consapevole dell’importanza clinica e prognostica della NAFLD correlata alle patologie endocrine, al fine di offrire al paziente il trattamento adeguato.
Isometries of ultrametric normed spaces
Authors: Cabello Sánchez Javier , Navarro Garmendia José 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe show that the group of isometries of an ultrametric normed space can be seen as a kind of a fractal. Then, we apply this description to study ultrametric counterparts of some classical problems in Archimedean analysis, such as the so calledProblème des rotations de Mazuror Tingley’s problem. In particular, it turns out that, in contrast with the case of real normed spaces, isometries between ultrametric normed spaces can be very far from being linear.