bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Implantable Artificial Atherosclerotic Plaque as a Novel Approach for Drug Transport Studies on Drug‐Eluting Stents
Authors: Razzi Francesca , Lovrak Matija , Gruzdyte Dovile , Den Hartog Yvette , Duncker Dirk J. , van Esch Jan H. , van Steijn Volkert , van Beusekom Heleen M. M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAtherosclerotic arteries are commonly treated using drug‐eluting stents (DES). However, it remains unclear whether and how the properties of atherosclerotic plaque affect drug transport in the arterial wall. A limitation of the currently used atherosclerotic animal models to study arterial drug distribution is the unpredictability of plaque size, composition, and location. In the present study, the aim is to create an artificial atherosclerotic plaque—of reproducible and controllable complexity and implantable at specific locations—to enable systematic studies on transport phenomena of drugs in stented atherosclerosis‐mimicking arteries. For this purpose, mixtures of relevant lipids at concentrations mimicking atherosclerotic plaque are incorporated in gelatin/alginate hydrogels. Lipid‐free (control) and lipid‐rich hydrogels (artificial plaque) are created, mounted on DES and successfully implanted in porcine coronary arteries ex‐vivo. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI‐MSI) is used to measure local drug distribution in the arterial wall behind the prepared hydrogels, showing that the lipid‐rich hydrogel significantly hampers drug transport as compared to the lipid‐free hydrogel. This observation confirms the importance of studying drug transport phenomena in the presence of lipids and of having an experimental model in which lipids and other plaque constituents can be precisely controlled and systematically studied.
Multifunctional Single‐Component Polypeptide Hydrogels: The Gelation Mechanism, Superior Biocompatibility, High Performance Hemostasis, and Scarless Wound Healing
Authors: Bai Qian , Teng Lin , Zhang Xueliang , Dong Chang‐Ming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolymeric hydrogels have been increasingly studied for wound sealants, adhesives, hemostats, and dressings, however, multi‐component gelation, adhesion‐causing tissue damage, inefficient hemostasis, and skin scarring in wound healing hamper their advances. So it is urgent to develop multifunctional single‐component polymeric hydrogels with benign tissue detachment, high performance hemostasis, and scarless wound healing attributes. Herein, a dopamine‐modified poly(l‐glutamate) hydrogel at an ultralow concentration of 0.1 wt% is serendipitously constructed by physical treatments, in which a gelation mechanism is disclosed via oxidative catechol‐crosslinking and sequential dicatechol‐carboxyl hydrogen‐bonding interactions. The covalent/H‐bonding co‐crosslinked and highly negative‐charged networks enable the polypeptide hydrogels thermo‐, salt‐, urea‐resistant, self‐healing, injectable, and adhesive yet detachable. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrate they have superior biocompatibility with ≈0.5% hemolysis and negligible inflammation. The polypeptide/graphene oxide hybrid hydrogel performs fast and efficient hemostasis of 12 s and 1.4% blood loss, surpassing some hydrogels and commercial counterparts. Remarkably, the polypeptide hydrogels achieve scarless and full wound healing and regenerate thick dermis with some embedded hair follicles within 14 days, presenting superior full‐thickness wound healing and skin scar‐preventing capabilities. This work provides a simple and practicable method to construct multifunctional polypeptide hemostatic and healing hydrogels that overcome some above‐mentioned hurdles.
Silicon‐Phosphorus‐Nanosheets‐Integrated 3D‐Printable Hydrogel as a Bioactive and Biodegradable Scaffold for Vascularized Bone Regeneration
Authors: Xu Chao , Chang Yukai , Xu Yan , Wu Ping , Mu Congpu , Nie Anmin , Qu Yanzhen , Duan Deyu , Guo Xiaodong , Liu Zhongyuan , Wang Jianglin , Luo Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNatural bone is a highly vascularized tissue that relies on the vasculature for blood and nutrients supply to maintain skeletal integrity. Bioactive nanomaterials with the capability of improving vascularized bone regeneration are highly demanded for bone tissue engineering. In this work, 2D silicon phosphorus (SiP) is explored as a new kind of bioactive and biodegradable nanomaterial with excellent angiogenesis and osteogenesis, and a 3D printed biohybrid hydrogel of GelMA‐PEGDA incorporated with photocrosslinkable SiP‐nanosheet (GelMA‐PEGDA/SiPAC) is developed to apply on bone tissue engineering. Findings show that the GelMA‐PEGDA/SiPAC possessess excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, and can sustainably release Si and P elements. Compared with the biohybrid hydrogel scaffolds incorporated with black phosphorus nanosheets, the GelMA‐PEGDA/SiPAC can further enhance the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells, and tubular networking of human umbilical vascular endothelial cells. In a rat calvarial bone defect model, the superior angiogenesis and osteogenesis induced by GelMA‐PEGDA/SiPAC have been confirmed in vivo. The current strategy paves a new way to design a multifunctional SiP nanocomposite scaffold on mediating the osteogenesis and angiogenesis in one system, and provides a bioactive and biodegradable alternative nanomaterial for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Harnessing the Natural Healing Power of Colostrum: Bovine Milk‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles from Colostrum Facilitating the Transition from Inflammation to Tissue Regeneration for Accelerating Cutaneous Wound Healing
Authors: Kim Hyosuk , Kim Da Eun , Han Geonhee , Lim Nu Ri , Kim Eun Hye , Jang Yeongji , Cho Haeun , Jang Hochung , Kim Ki Hun , Kim Sun Hwa , Yang Yoosoo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs wound healing is an extremely complicated process, consisting of a cascade of interlocking biological events, successful wound healing requires a multifaceted approach to support appropriate and rapid transitions from the inflammatory to proliferative and remodeling phases. In this regard, here the potential use of bovine milk extracellular vesicles (EVs) to enhance wound healing is investigated. The results show that milk EVs promote fibroblast proliferation, migration, and endothelial tube formation. In particular, milk EVs derived from colostrum (Colos EVs) contain various anti‐inflammatory factors facilitating the transition from inflammation to proliferation phase, as well as factors for tissue remodeling and angiogenesis. In an excisional wound mouse model, Colos EVs promote re‐epithelialization, activate angiogenesis, and enhance extracellular matrix maturation. Interestingly, Colos EVs are further found to be quite resistant to freeze‐drying procedures, maintaining their original characteristics and efficacy for wound repair after lyophilization. These findings on the superior stability and excellent activity of milk Colos EVs indicate that they hold great promise to be developed as anti‐inflammatory therapeutics, especially for the treatment of cutaneous wounds.
Surface Passivation Using 2D Perovskites toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Guangbao , Liang Rui , Ge Mingzheng , Sun Guoxing , Zhang Yuan , Xing Guichuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract3D perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have shown great promise for use in next‐generation photovoltaic devices. However, some challenges need to be addressed before their commercial production, such as enormous defects formed on the surface, which result in severe SRH recombination, and inadequate material interplay between the composition, leading to thermal‐, moisture‐, and light‐induced degradation. 2D perovskites, in which the organic layer functions as a protective barrier to block the erosion of moisture or ions, have recently emerged and attracted increasing attention because they exhibit significant robustness. Inspired by this, surface passivation by employing 2D perovskites deposited on the top of 3D counterparts has triggered a new wave of research to simultaneously achieve higher efficiency and stability. Herein, we exploited a vast amount of literature to comprehensively summarize the recent progress on 2D/3D heterostructure PSCs using surface passivation. The review begins with an introduction of the crystal structure, followed by the advantages of the combination of 2D and 3D perovskites. Then, the surface passivation strategies, optoelectronic properties, enhanced stability, and photovoltaic performance of 2D/3D PSCs are systematically discussed. Finally, the perspectives of passivation techniques using 2D perovskites to offer insight into further improved photovoltaic performance in the future are proposed.
Scalable Van der Waals Encapsulation by Inorganic Molecular Crystals
Authors: Liu Lixin , Gong Penglai , Liu Kailang , Nie Anmin , Liu Zhongyuan , Yang Sanjun , Xu Yongshan , Liu Teng , Zhao Yinghe , Huang Li , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEncapsulation is critical for devices to guarantee their stability and reliability. It becomes an even more essential requirement for devices based on 2D materials with atomic thinness and far inferior stability compared to their bulk counterparts. Here a general van der Waals (vdW) encapsulation method for 2D materials using Sb2O3 layer of inorganic molecular crystal fabricated via thermal evaporation deposition is reported. It is demonstrated that such a scalable encapsulation method not only maintains the intrinsic properties of typical air‐susceptible 2D materials due to their vdW interactions but also remarkably improves their environmental stability. Specifically, the encapsulated black phosphorus (BP) exhibits greatly enhanced structural stability of over 80 days and more sustaining‐electrical properties of 19 days, while the bare BP undergoes degradation within hours. Moreover, the encapsulation layer can be facilely removed by sublimation in vacuum without damaging the underlying materials. This scalable encapsulation method shows a promising pathway to effectively enhance the environmental stability of 2D materials, which may further boost their practical application in novel (opto)electronic devices.
Guiding Transition Metal‐Doped Hollow Cerium Tandem Nanozymes with Elaborately Regulated Multi‐Enzymatic Activities for Intensive Chemodynamic Therapy
Authors: Dong Shuming , Dong Yushan , Liu Bin , Liu Jing , Liu Shikai , Zhao Zhiyu , Li Wenting , Tian Boshi , Zhao Ruoxi , He Fei , Gai Shili , Xie Ying , Yang Piaoping , Zhao Yanli 
Published: December 2021

AbstractClinical applications of nanozyme‐initiated chemodynamic therapy (NCDT) have been severely limited by the poor catalytic efficiency of nanozymes, insufficient endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content, and its off‐target consumption. Herein, the authors developed a hollow mesoporous Mn/Zr‐co‐doped CeO2 tandem nanozyme (PHMZCO‐AT) with regulated multi‐enzymatic activities, that is, the enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD)‐like and peroxidase (POD)‐like activities and inhibition of catalase (CAT)‐like activity. PHMZCO‐AT as a H2O2 homeostasis disruptor promotes H2O2 evolution and restrains off‐target elimination of H2O2 to achieve intensive NCDT. PHMZCO‐AT with SOD‐like activity catalyzes endogenous superoxide anion (O2•−) into H2O2 in the tumor region. The suppression of CAT activity and depletion of glutathione by PHMZCO‐AT largely weaken the off‐target decomposition of H2O2 to H2O. Elevated H2O2 is then catalyzed by the downstream POD‐like activity of PHMZCO‐AT to generate toxic hydroxyl radicals, further inducing tumor apoptosis and death. T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging and X‐ray computed tomography imaging are also achieved using PHMZCO‐AT due to the existence of paramagnetic Mn2+ and the high X‐ray attenuation ability of elemental Zr, permitting in vivo tracking of the therapeutic process. This work presents a typical paradigm to achieve intensive NCDT efficacy by regulating multi‐enzymatic activities of nanozymes to perturb the H2O2 homeostasis.
Photosensitizer Nanodot Eliciting Immunogenicity for Photo‐Immunologic Therapy of Postoperative Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Secondary Recurrence
Authors: Tang Haozheng , Qu Xinhua , Zhang Wenkai , Chen Xuan , Zhang Shutao , Xu Yang , Yang Hongtao , Wang You , Yang Jianping , Yuan Wei‐en , Yue Bing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe treatment of postoperative infection caused by multidrug‐resistant bacteria, such as methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), has become an intractable clinical challenge owing to its low therapeutic efficacy and high risk of recurrence. Apart from imperfect antibacterial therapies, induction of insufficient immunogenicity, required for the successful clearance of a pathogen, may also contribute to the problem. Herein, an ultra‐micro photosensitizer, AgB nanodots, using photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and Ag+ ion sterilization, are utilized to efficiently clear invading MRSA both in vitro and in vivo. AgB nanodots are also found to upregulate host immunogenicity in a murine model and establish immunological memory by promoting the upregulated expression of danger signals that are commonly induced by stress‐related responses, including sudden temperature spikes or excess reactive oxygen production. These stimulations boost the antibacterial effects of macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, or even memory B cells, which is usually defined as infection‐related immunogenic cell death. Hence, the proposed AgB nanodot strategy may offer a novel platform for the effective treatment of postoperative infection while providing a systematic immunotherapeutic strategy to combat persistent infections, thereby markedly reducing the incidence of recurrence following recovery from primary infections.
Microfluidic Screening‐Assisted Machine Learning to Investigate Vertical Phase Separation of Small Molecule:Polymer Blend
Authors: Lee Jeong‐Chan , Woo Jun Hee , Lee Ho‐Jun , Lee Minho , Woo Heejin , Baek Seunghyeok , Nam Jaewook , Sim Joo yong , Park Steve 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSolution‐based thin‐film processing is a widely utilized technique for the fabrication of various devices. In particular, the tunability of the ink composition and coating condition allows precise control of thin‐film properties and device performance. Despite the advantage of having such tunability, the sheer number of possible combinations of experimental parameters render it infeasible to efficiently optimize device performance and analyze the correlation between experimental parameters and device performance. In this work, a microfluidic screening‐embedded thin‐film processing technique is developed, through which thin‐films of varying ratios of small molecule semiconductor:polymer blend are simultaneously generated and screened in a time‐ and resource‐efficient manner. Moreover, utilizing the thin‐films of varying combinations of experimental parameters, machine learning models are trained to predict the transistor performance. Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) algorithms tuned by Bayesian optimization shows the best predictive accuracy amongst the trained models, which enables narrowing down of the combinations of experimental parameters and investigation of the degree of vertical phase separation under the predicted parameter space. The technique can serve as a guideline for elucidating the underlying complex parameter‐property‐performance correlations in solution‐based thin‐film processing, thereby accelerating the optimization of various thin‐film devices in the future.
Oriented 2D Perovskite Wafers for Anisotropic X‐ray Detection through a Fast Tableting Strategy
Authors: Li Mingbian , Li Huayang , Li Weijun , Li Bao , Lu Tong , Feng Xiaopeng , Guo Chunjie , Zhang Huimao , Wei Haotong , Yang Bai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract2D perovskite single crystals have emerged as excellent optoelectronic materials owing to their unique anisotropic properties. However, growing large 2D perovskite single crystals remains challenging and time‐consuming. Here, a new composition of lead‐free 2D perovskite—4‐fluorophenethylammonium bismuth iodide [(F‐PEA)3BiI6] is reported. An oriented bulk 2D wafer with a large area of 1.33 cm2 is obtained by tableting disordered 2D perovskite powders, resulting in anisotropic resistivities of 5 × 1010 and 2 × 1011 Ω cm in the lateral and vertical directions, respectively. Trivalent Bi3+ ions are employed to achieve a stronger ionic bonding energy with I‐ ions, which intrinsically suppress the ion‐migration effect. Thus, the oriented wafer presents good capabilities in both charge collection and ion‐migration suppression under a large applied bias along the out‐of‐plane direction, making it suitable for low‐dosage X‐ray detection. The large‐area wafer shows a sensitive response to hard X‐rays operated at a tube voltage of 120 kVp with the lowest detectable dose rate of 30 nGy s‐1. Thus, the fast tableting process is a facile and effective strategy to synthesize large‐area, oriented 2D wafers, showing excellent X‐ray detection performance and operational stability that are comparable to those of 2D perovskite single crystals.
A Biocompatible Vibration‐Actuated Omni‐Droplets Rectifier with Large Volume Range Fabricated by Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Zhang Yiyuan , Li Jing , Xiang Le , Wang Jinxing , Wu Tao , Jiao Yunlong , Jiang Shaojun , Li Chuanzong , Fan Shengying , Zhang Juan , Wu Hao , Zhang Yuxuan , Bian Yucheng , Zhao Kun , Peng Yubin , Zhu Wulin , Li Jiawen , Hu Yanlei , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru , Wang Zuankai 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh‐performance droplet transport is crucial for diverse applications including biomedical detection, chemical micro‐reaction, and droplet microfluidics. Despite extensive progress, traditional passive and active strategies are restricted to limited liquid types, small droplet volume ranges, and poor biocompatibilities. Moreover, more challenges occur for biological fluids due to large viscosity and low surface tension. Here, a vibration‐actuated omni‐droplets rectifier (VAODR) consisting of slippery ratchet arrays fabricated by femtosecond laser and vibration platforms is reported. Through the relative competition between the asymmetric adhesive resistance originating from the lubricant meniscus on the VAODR and the periodic inertial driving force originating from isotropic vibration, the fast (up to ≈60 mm s−1), programmable, and robust transport of droplets is achieved for a large volume range (0.05–2000 µL, Vmax/Vmin ≈ 40 000) and in various transport modes including transport of liquid slugs in tubes, programmable and sequential transport, and bidirectional transport. This VAODR is general to a high diversity of biological and medical fluids, and thus can be used for biomedical detection including ABO blood‐group tests and anticancer drugs screening. These strategies provide a complementary and promising platform for maneuvering omni‐droplets that are fundamental to biomedical applications and other high‐throughput omni‐droplet operation fields.
Analysis of biomonitoring data to assess employer compliance with OSHA's permissible exposure limits for air contaminants
Authors: Tustin Aaron W. , Cannon Dawn L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) regulates exposures to hazardous chemicals in workplace air. When contemporaneous exposure measurements are unavailable, retrospective analysis of biomarkers could provide valuable information about workers’ exposures.MethodsSingle‐compartment pharmacokinetic (PK) models were created to relate the concentration of a chemical in the air to the concentration of the chemical or its metabolite in workers’ blood or urine. OSHA utilized the PK models in investigations of three fatal incidents in which workers were exposed to nickel carbonyl, methyl bromide, or styrene. To obtain the minimum plausible estimate of each exposure, OSHA used conservative assumptions about parameters such as workers’ inhalation rates, baseline levels of biomarker, and chemicals’ volumes of distribution.ResultsOSHA analyzed a worker's urinary nickel concentration and concluded that his 8‐h time‐weighted average exposure to nickel carbonyl was at least 0.06 mg/m3. Analysis of a worker's postexposure, premortem blood bromide level revealed that his exposure to methyl bromide was at least 181 mg/m3. Post‐mortem blood styrene measurements suggested that a third worker's exposure to styrene was at least 625 mg/m3. These exposures exceeded OSHA's permissible exposure limits of 0.007 mg/m3 for nickel carbonyl, 80 mg/m3 for methyl bromide, and 426 mg/m3 for styrene. OSHA successfully cited the three employers for violations of chemical exposure limits.ConclusionsAnalysis of biomarkers via PK modeling enables retrospective evaluations of workers’ acute exposures to hazardous chemicals. These techniques are useful to occupational regulators who assess employer compliance with mandatory exposure limits.
Reliability and validity of expert assessments of hand‐wrist physical exposures
Authors: Mikkelsen Sigurd , Petersen Rolf , Lund Christina Bach , Petersen Jonathan Aavang , Thomsen Jane Frølund 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundGeneral population job‐exposure matrices (JEMs) based on expert assessments of physical exposures may be valuable tools for studying occupation‐related musculoskeletal disorders. Wrist‐hand JEMs are few and the reliability and validity of expert assessments of wrist‐hand exposures is uncertain.MethodsWe examined intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability of ratings of five experts of hand‐wrist repetition, deviation, force, vibration, and computer work in 33 jobs selected to represent a large exposure variation. The validity of ratings of hand‐wrist repetition was examined by comparison with electro‐goniometer measurements of wrist angular velocity and mean power frequency (MPF), and the validity of hand‐wrist deviation by comparison with goniometer measurements of range of motion (ROM).ResultsIntra‐rater test–retest and inter‐rater Spearman correlation coefficients controlling for rater effects, varied between 0.70 and 0.87. Corresponding kappa statistics of overall agreement showed similar high values, except for wrist deviation (kappa = 0.50). Regression analyses showed strong positive associations between expert assessments of repetition and goniometer measurements of wrist angular velocity (R2 = 0.56, p < 0.0001) and MPF (R2 = 0.37, p < 0.0003), while expert ratings of wrist deviation showed a weak statistically nonsignificant association with goniometer measurements of ROM (R2 = 0.032, p = 0.34).ConclusionThe reliability of expert assessments of wrist‐hand physical exposures was high. Compared to goniometer measurements, the validity of assessments of wrist‐hand repetition was also high, but it was low for assessments of wrist‐hand deviation. The results are encouraging for establishing a hand‐wrist JEM, but the results for wrist deviation emphasize that expert assessments should be validated against objective measurements.