bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of monoclonal Jka and Jkb reagents in phenotyping red cells with a positive direct antiglobulin test
Authors: Brazell J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Twenty-five red cell samples with a positive anti-IgG direct antiglobulin test (DAT) were tested with human monoclonal IgM Jka and Jkb antibodies. Red cell samples were first tested by a 5-minute incubation tube test with the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). The same red cells were then chloroquine diphosphate (CDP)-treated, and retested. Eleven of the CDP-treated samples were also tested with conventional polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) that required a 37°C incubation for 30 minutes, followed by an indirect antiglobulin test. The Jka and Jkb MAbs consistently gave the same phenotype results both on untreated DAT-positive red cells and on the same cells after CDP treatment. Two of the CDP-treated samples had diminished antigen expression with the MAbs, a finding that may have been caused by the CDP treatment. One untreated sample, which spontaneously agglutinated in a low-protein medium, was incorrectly phenotyped with the anti-Jka MAb, but both MAbs and PAbs gave the same correct results with the CDP-treated cells. These findings illustrate that the use of Jka and Jkb MAbs in phenotyping DAT-positive specimens is practical and beneficial.
Immunohematology
1994;10:16.
Cefotetan-induced immune hemolytic anemia due to the drug-adsorption mechanism
Authors: Eckrich R.J. , Fox S. , Mallory D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Positive direct antiglobulin tests (DATs) associated with cephalosporin therapy have been reported, but rarely were associated with immune hemolytic anemia (IHA). In 1989, we described the first case of IHA associated with cefotetan (Cefotan™) causing hemolysis by the drug-adsorption mechanism. We now report the full details of our investigation. The patient was a 23-year-old female with a 2 1/2 year history of chronic ulcerative colitis. After 4 days of therapy with cefotetan (2 g/day), her hematocrit (Hct) decreased from 34.3% to 23.3%. The reticulocyte count was 6.9%. The DAT was 2+ (IgG only), and the serum and an eluate were nonreactive with a panel of standard reagent red blood cells (RBCs). Cefotetan therapy continued and the patient was transfused with two units of RBCs. On day 6 of therapy, the patient experienced an anaphylactoid reaction attributed to sensitivity to cefotetan. Cefotetan therapy was discontinued, the patient was treated with corticosteroids and epinephrine, and she was transfused with an additional unit of RBCs. Her Hct rose to 34.1% prior to her discharge on day 11. Further investigation revealed that the patient’s serum and an eluate contained an antibody that reacted with cefotetan- and cephalothin-coated RBCs by the indirect antiglobulin test. In a monocyte monolayer assay, monocytes readily phagocytized cefotetan- and cephalothin-coated reagent RBCs but not uncoated reagent RBCs. The patient’s serum did not react by the so-called immune-complex mechanism when cefotetan or cephalothin was added to the patient’s serum + complement + RBCs.
Glycine-EDTA treatment to prepare Ko red blood cells: preservation of high-frequency antigens
Authors: Julleis J. , Sapp C. , Kakaiya R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Reactivity of high-incidence antigens after glycine-EDTA treatment of red blood cells (RBCs) to prepare artificial Ko RBCs was investigated. The treatment had little or no effect on Yta, JMH, Yka, Kna, and McCa. Hy antigen-positive-treated RBCs reacted less well with anti-Hy when compared to nontreated cells. Glycine-EDTA treatment to prepare Ko RBCs offers an advantage over AET treatment because it preserves some high-frequency antigens that AET treatment does not.
Hemolytic transfusion reactions due to anti-e+f detectable only by nonstandard serologic techniques
Authors: Devenish A. , Kay L.A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A patient was transfused with a total of 14 units of red blood cells (RBCs) over 33 days (January 14 to February 15) at two hospitals. Febrile transfusion reactions were noted on three occasions, and hemoglobinuria was seen twice. Alloantibodies were not detected in a sample dated February 14, following a transfusion reaction, and this sample was referred to the North London Blood Transfusion Centre. Further samples were also obtained from before and after all transfusions at both hospitals. The patient’s RBCs typed as A, D+, probable Rh phenotype (cDE/cDE). The direct antiglobulin test was negative, and serum samples following the second transfusion were red/brown in color. Serologic investigations were inconclusive on all samples taken until February 13 (after the fourth transfusion). At this time, a weak anti-e reacting by manual polybrene technique and an anti-e+f reacting by two-stage papain technique were detected. The serum also contained potent HLA antibodies. The patient subsequently received leukocyte-depleted group A, cDE/cDE RBCs without any untoward effect. This case demonstrates the importance of a complete transfusion history and emphasizes that alloantibodies detectable only by nonstandard techniques can be clinically significant.
Immunohematology
1994; 10:120–123.
An example of anti-LWa in a 10-month-old infant
Authors: Devenish A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Blood samples from a 10-month-old male infant requiring transfusion were found to contain an alloantibody reacting at 37°C in saline, by indirect antiglobulin test (IAT), and with a manual polybrene technique. Preliminary results suggested anti-D and another weaker reacting antibody, but the patient had been previously transfused with only D– blood. His serum reacted more weakly by IAT against red cells treated with 0.2M dithiothreitol (DTT), and one D+, LW(a–) sample was nonreactive. The patient’s red blood cells (RBCs) typed as B, D–, LW(a–), K–, Fy(a–). Due to the age and clinical status of the child, 51Cr survival studies were not performed. One pediatric unit of D–, K–, Fy(a–) blood was transfused uneventfully; the expected increment of hemoglobin was achieved. Repeat testing 3 months later showed a weakly positive DAT, the patient’s RBCs typed as LW(a+), and anti-LWa was detected only by a two-stage papain technique. These results suggest that the patient had a transient depression of LWa with a concurrent anti-LWa.
Immunohematology
1994;10:127–129.
How does the Selection of Laboratory Mice Affect the Results of Physiological
Distribution of Radiopharmaceuticals?
Authors: Ochniewicz Piotr , Karczmarczyk Urszula , Laszuk Ewa , Tomczyk Kamil , Garnuszek Piotr 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The choice of mice strain can significantly influence the physiological distribution
and may lead to an inadequate assessment of the radiopharmaceutical properties.

Objective:
This work aims to present how the legal requirements that apply to radiopharmaceuticals
contained in the various guidelines determine the choice of the mouse strain for quality control
and preclinical studies and affect the results of physiological distribution.

Methods:
Swiss and BALB/c mice were chosen as commonly used strains in experiments for research
and quality control purposes. Radiopharmaceuticals, i.e., preparations containing one or
more radioactive isotopes in their composition, are subject to the same legal regulations at every
stage of the research, development and routine quality control as all other medicines. Therefore, in
vivo experiments are to be carried out to confirm the pharmacological properties and safety. Moreover,
if a radiopharmaceutical's chemical structure is unknown or complex and impossible to be determined
by physicochemical methods, an analysis of physiological distribution in a rodent animal
model needs to be performed.

Results:
In our studies, thirty-six mice (Swiss n=18, BALB/c n=18) were randomly divided into
six groups and injected with the following radiopharmaceuticals: [99mTc]Tc-Colloid, [99mTc]Tc-DTPA
and [99mTc]Tc-EHIDA. Measurement of physiological distribution was conducted following the
requirements of European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) monograph 0689, internal instructions and the
United States Pharmacopeia (USP) monograph. Additionally, at preclinical studies, ten mice
(Swiss n=5, BALB/c n=5) were injected with the new tracer [99mTc]Tc-PSMA-T4, and its physiological
distribution has been compared. The p-value <0.05 proved the statistical significance of the
radiopharmaceutical physiological distribution.

Conclusion:
We claim that mice strain choice can significantly influence the physiological distribution
and may lead to inaccurate quality control results and incomprehensible interpretation of the results
from preclinical in vivo studies of a new radiopharmaceutical.
Evaluation of Binding and Abrasion Properties of Grey Mangrove (Avicennia marina) Leaf Extract Against Escherichia coli K12 DNA
Authors: Tudu Praveen , Mahanty Shouvik , Sriramulu Sushmitha , Chaudhuri Punarbasu , Pathak Surajit 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Mangroves are globally known for their ecological importance and are
found to be extensively used in traditional medicine. Avicennia marina, commonly known as grey
mangroves, exhibit strong antimicrobial properties and are also considered to be a promising drug
candidate in neutralizing pathogens.

Objective:
In our present study, the leaf extract from Avicennia marina was isolated using organic
solvents of ascensive polarity to evaluate binding and abrasive properties in Escherichia coli K12
DNA.

Methods:
Samples of the pulverized leaves were used for sequential extraction using ethyl acetate,
chloroform and acetone. The minimum inhibitory concentration of isolates from ethyl acetate, chloroform,
and acetone were quantified to be 0.125 gL-1, 0.0625 gL-1, and 0.125 gL-1, respectively. These
values were further utilized to calculate the binding constant between Escherichia coli DNA
and isolates. In addition, the mutagenicity of the isolates was assessed using Ames test in which
the Escherichia coli K12 (strain AB1157) bacteria was cultured in minimal glucose media supplemented
with isolates for assessing their DNA modifying ability. Further, DNA abrasion potential
was assessed for all the isolates using Comet assay.

Results:
Results of Ames test showed that the isolates have DNA modifying ability, whereas the
Comet assay demonstrated that isolates have not exhibited DNA degrading potential.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the mechanism by which the isolates degrade the bacterial cell must be
contrary to its DNA degrading potential. Experiments paved the way for further quantification and
examination using bioinformatics tools to find the best drug candidate and run clinical trials.
Phytochemicals as Potential Inhibitors of Advanced Glycation End Products: Health Aspects and Patent Survey
Authors: Fernandes Annayara C. F. , Melo Jeane B. , Genova Vanize M. , Santana Ádina L. , Macedo Gabriela 
Published: May 2021

Background:The glycation of proteins and lipids synthesizes the advanced glycation end products (AGEs), i.e., substances that irreversibly damage macromolecules present in tissues and organs, which contribute to the impairment of biological functions. For instance, the accumulation of AGEs induces oxidative stress, the inflammatory responses, and consequently the on set/worsening of diseases, including obesity, asthma, cognitive impairment, and cancer. There is a current demand on natural and low-cost sources of anti-AGE agents. As a result, food phytochemicals presented promising results to inhibit glycation and consequently, the formation of AGEs.Objective:Here we describe how the AGEs are present in food via Maillard reaction and in organs via natural aging, as well as the effects of AGEs on the worsening of diseases. Also we described the methods used to detect AGEs in samples, and the current findings on the use of phytochemicals (phenolic compounds, phytosterols, carotenoids, terpenes and vitamins) as natural therapeuticals to inhibit health damages via inhibition of AGEs in vitro and in vivo.Methods:This manuscript reviewed publications available in the PubMed and Science Direct databases dated from the last 20 years on the uses of phytochemicals for the inhibition of AGEs. Recent patents on the use of anti-AGEs drugs were reviewed with the use of Google Advanced Patents database.Results and Discussion:There is no consensus about which concentration of AGEs in blood serum should not be hazardous to the health of individuals. Food phytochemicals derived from agroindustry wastes, including peanut skins, and the bagasses derived from citrus and grapes are promising anti-AGEs agents via scavenging of free radicals, metal ions, the suppression of metabolic pathways that induces inflammation, the activation of pathways that promote antioxidant defense, and the blocking of AGE connection with the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE).Conclusion:Phytochemicals derived from agroindustry are promising anti-AGEs, which can be included to replace synthetic drugs to inhibit AGE formation, and consequently to act as therapeutical strategy to prevent and treat diseases caused by AGEs, including diabetes, ovarian cancer, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Hubungan Indonesian's Healthy Eating Index dengan Biomarker Sindrom Metabolik pada Penderita Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK)
Authors: Briawan Dodik , Nurpratama Widya Lestari , Riyadina Woro 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAKPenilaian konsumsi pangan dengan metode Healthy Eating Index (HEI) belum banyak dilakukan di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan HEI versi Indonesia dengan biomarker Sindrom Metabolik (SM) pada penderita Penyakit Jantung Koroner (PJK). Penelitian ini menggunakan data Studi Kohor Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular periode tahun 2013-2016. Ditemukan sebanyak 124 kasus baru PJK berdasarkan pengukuran EKG. Pengukuran konsumsi pangan menggunakan konsumsi pangan 1x24 jam setahun sebelum subjek didiagnosa PJK. Penilaian kualitas diet dengan metode US-HEI yang dimodifikasi berdasarkan jumlah porsi pada pedoman gizi seimbang Indonesia. Data biomarker SM yang digunakan meliputi tekanan darah, glukosa darah puasa (GDP), glukosa darah pasca pembebanan (GD2PP), High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) dan trigliserida yang diukur pada saat pertama kali didiagnosis PJK. Rata-rata skor HEI yaitu 58.6, dan sebanyak 1.6% subjek termasuk kategori baik. Komponen HEI yaitu minuman berpemanis berhubungan signifikan dengan GDP (r=0.271), GD2PP (r=0.191), HDL (r=-0.200) (p<0.05); sedangkan skor Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) berhubungan signifikan dengan HDL (r=0.219) (p<0.05). Hasil studi mengonfirmasi kembali bahwa dalam program pencegahan PJK sebaiknya diikuti dengan mengurangi asupan gula dan meningkatkan konsumsi pangan sumber PUFA.Kata kunci: Â healthy eating index, konsumsi pangan, penyakit jantung koroner, sindrom metabolikABSTRACTThe food consumption assessment using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) method has not been widely applied in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the Indonesian version of HEI and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) biomarkers on coronary heart disease (CHD) patients. This study used data from the Cohort Study of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors for the 2013-2016 period. There were 124 new cases of CHD based on ECG measurements. The measurement of food consumption used a 24-hour dietary recall a year prior to the CHD diagnosis.Â The diet quality assessment was done using the modified US-HEI method based on the number of servings in the Indonesian balanced nutrition guidelines. Data on MetS biomarkers were blood pressure, Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), Postprandial Blood Glucose (PBG), High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL), Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), and triglycerides at the time of the CHD diagnosis. The mean HEI score was 58.6, and 1.6% of patients were in good categories. The HEI component, sugar-sweetened beverage, was significantly associated with FBG (r=0.271), PBG (r=0.191), HDL (r=-0.200) (p<0.05); meanwhile, Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (PUFA) score was significantly associated with HDL (r=0.219) (p<0.05). These results confirm that CHD program prevention is better followed by reducing sugar intake and increasing PUFA food sources.Keywords: coronary heart disease, food consumption, healthy eating index, metabolic syndromeÂ
Developing a Time-Adaptive Prediction Model for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea
Authors: Kim Ji Woong , Ha Juhyung , Kim Taerim , Yoon Hee , Hwang Sung Yeon , Jo Ik Joon , Shin Tae Gun , Sim Min Seob , Kim Kyunga , Cha Won Chul 
Published: May 2021

Background
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a serious public health issue, and predicting the prognosis of OHCA patients can assist clinicians in making decisions about the treatment of patients, use of hospital resources, or termination of resuscitation.

Objective
This study aimed to develop a time-adaptive conditional prediction model (TACOM) to predict clinical outcomes every minute.

Methods
We performed a retrospective observational study using data from the Korea OHCA Registry in South Korea. In this study, we excluded patients with trauma, those who experienced return of spontaneous circulation before arriving in the emergency department (ED), and those who did not receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the ED. We selected patients who received CPR in the ED. To develop the time-adaptive prediction model, we organized the training data set as ongoing CPR patients by the minute. A total of 49,669 patients were divided into 39,602 subjects for training and 10,067 subjects for validation. We compared random forest, LightGBM, and artificial neural networks as the prediction model methods. Model performance was quantified using the prediction probability of the model, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), and area under the precision recall curve.

Results
Among the three algorithms, LightGBM showed the best performance. From 0 to 30 min, the AUROC of the TACOM for predicting good neurological outcomes ranged from 0.910 (95% CI 0.910-0.911) to 0.869 (95% CI 0.865-0.871), whereas that for survival to hospital discharge ranged from 0.800 (95% CI 0.797-0.800) to 0.734 (95% CI 0.736-0.740). The prediction probability of the TACOM showed similar flow with cohort data based on a comparison with the conventional model’s prediction probability.

Conclusions
The TACOM predicted the clinical outcome of OHCA patients per minute. This model for predicting patient outcomes by the minute can assist clinicians in making rational decisions for OHCA patients.
Total Serum Testosterone Level in Obese Patients with Type -2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Fatima Elhajhamad Mohamed-Khier  , Shaza Elawad Sideeg  , Nisreen Daffa Alla  , Rehab Mustafa Badi  
Published: May 2021

Both obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are independently associated with reduced serum testosterone. The additive effect of obesity and T2DM on reducing testosterone levels need to be investigated. Their combined additive effects may place obese T2DM patients at higher risk of decreased testosterone and the associated increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to screen obese T2DM patients for biochemical hypogonadism regardless of the presence of overt clinical symptoms to consider testosterone replacement therapy. 152 adult male aged 40 to 68 years with T2DM were recruited through simple random sampling. The study participants were grouped based on their BMI into lean (n=48); overweight (n=57), obese (n=37) and morbidly obese (n=11). Total serum testosterone (TST), BMI and waist circumference (WC) were measured in all patients and luteinizing hormone (LH) was measured in 103 of them. Low TST was defined as TST<9nmol/L and the normal range for LH was 1.7-11.2mIU/ml. Mean TST in lean T2DM patients was 15.61± 6.0 nmol/l. TST levels were significantly lower in obese and morbidly obese groups compared with the lean group (P=0.003 and 0.015 respectively). TST negatively correlated with BMI (r= -0.29, P<0.001) and WC (r= -0.21, P<0.009). Overall, 19.7% of T2DM patients had low TST. The prevalence of low TST increased from 14.9% in lean, to 21.1% in overweight, to 21.6% in obese, to 27.3% in morbidly obese T2DM patients, (P=0.74). LH was inappropriately normal in 95% (19/20) of patients with low TST. Obese T2DM patients had reduced TST levels and a higher prevalence of reduced TST compared to lean patients. TST negatively correlated with BMI and WC. Therefore, screening obese T2DM patients for testosterone deficiency should be considered.
PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL
Authors: Kania Sugiharti Dewi , Lutfi Faqih , N. Singadimedja Holyness 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRAK
Yayasan pendidikan merupakan lembaga yang berada di luar pemerintahan dan bersifat non profit oriented, turut terlibat aktif dalam upaya pengembangan pendidikan di Indonesia. UU PDRD memberi kesempatan bagi yayasan pendidikan untuk mendapatkan pengecualian pembayaran Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan Perdesaan dan Perkotaan (PBB-P2). Permasalahan muncul di Kota Bandung setelah adanya kebijakan pengalihan pajak pusat ke daerah dengan pemungutan PBB-P2 terhadap yayasan pendidikan. Metode pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode yuridis normatif. Data dalam penelitian ini merupakan kombinasi data primer melalui wawancara dan data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan yang dianalisis secara deskriptif-analisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak adanya kriteria baku dan jelas terkait yayasan pendidikan yang dapat dikenakan pemungutan PBB-P2 dan Implementasi pemungutan PBB-P2 terhadap yayasan pendidikan di Kota Bandung dinilai belum maksimal karena pelaksanaan pemutakhiran data yang dilakukan pemerintah Kota Bandung belum menyeluruh serta minimnya sosialisasi dan komunikasi terkait pemungutan PBB-P2 terhadap yayasan pendidikan dalam kerangka pengembangan pendidikan nasional.
Kata kunci: PBB-P2; penerapan; yayasan.

ABSTRACT
Educational foundations are institutions that are outside the government and are non-profit oriented, actively involved in efforts to develop education in Indonesia. The PDRD Law provides an opportunity for educational foundations to get exemptions from paying the Rural and Urban Land and Building Tax (PBB-P2). Problems arise in the city of Bandung after the policy of transferring the central tax to the regions by collecting PBB-P2 on educational foundations. The approach method in this research is a normative juridical method. The data in this study are a combination of primary data through interviews and secondary data through literature studies that are analyzed descriptively-analysis. The results showed that there were no clear and standard criteria related to educational foundations that could be subject to PBB-P2 collection and the implementation of PBB-P2 collection of educational foundations in Bandung was considered not optimal because the implementation of updating the data by the Bandung city government was not comprehensive and lack of socialization and communication related to PBB-P2 collection towards educational foundations within the framework of developing national education.
Keywords: foundation; implementation; PBB-P2