bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poincaré series, 3d gravity and averages of rational CFT
Authors: Meruliya Viraj , Mukhi Sunil , Singh Palash 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We investigate the Poincaré series approach to computing 3d gravity partition functions dual to Rational CFT. For a single genus-1 boundary, we show that for certain infinite sets of levels, the SU(2)k WZW models provide unitary examples for which the Poincaré series is a positive linear combination of two modular-invariant partition functions. This supports the interpretation that the bulk gravity theory (a topological Chern-Simons theory in this case) is dual to an average of distinct CFT’s sharing the same Kac-Moody algebra. We compute the weights of this average for all seed primaries and all relevant values of k. We then study other WZW models, notably SU(N)1 and SU(3)k, and find that each class presents rather different features. Finally we consider multiple genus-1 boundaries, where we find a class of seed functions for the Poincaré sum that reproduces both disconnected and connected contributions — the latter corresponding to analogues of 3-manifold “wormholes” — such that the expected average is correctly reproduced.
$$ T\overline{T} $$ Deformation of stress-tensor correlators from random geometry
Authors: Hirano Shinji , Nakajima Tatsuki , Shigemori Masaki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study stress-tensor correlators in the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed conformal field theories in two dimensions. Using the random geometry approach to the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation, we develop a geometrical method to compute stress-tensor correlators. More specifically, we derive the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation to the Polyakov-Liouville conformal anomaly action and calculate three and four-point correlators to the first-order in the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

deformation from the deformed Polyakov-Liouville action. The results are checked against the standard conformal perturbation theory computation and we further check consistency with the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed operator product expansions of the stress tensor. A salient feature of the $$ T\overline{T} $$
T

T
¯

-deformed stress-tensor correlators is a logarithmic correction that is absent in two and three-point functions but starts appearing in a four-point function.
Trimodal therapy with high-dose-rate brachytherapy and hypofractionated external beam radiation combined with long-term androgen deprivation for unfavorable-risk prostate cancer
Authors: Mori Keiichiro , Sasaki Hiroshi , Tsutsumi Yuki , Sato Shun , Takiguchi Yuki , Saito Shun , Nishi Eriko , Ishii Gen , Yamamoto Toshihiro , Koike Yusuke , Miki Jun , Shimomura Tatsuya , Kimura Takahiro , Miki Kenta , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Aoki Manabu , Egawa Shin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To assess the outcomes of high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy and hypofractionated external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) combined with long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in very-high-risk (VHR) versus high-risk (HR) prostate cancer (PCa), as defined in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) criteria.

Methods
Data from 338 consecutive HR or VHR PCa patients who had undergone this tri-modal therapy between 2005 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free, progression-free, overall, and cancer-specific survival (BCRFS/PFS/OS/CSS) rates were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Wilcoxon test. Cox regression models were used to evaluate candidate prognostic factors for survival. C‑indexes were used to assess model discrimination.

Results
Within a median follow-up of 84 months, 68 patients experienced BCR, 58 had disease progression including only 3 with local progression, 27 died of any cause, and 2 died from PCa. The 5‑year BCRFS, PFS, OS, and CSS rates were 82.2% (HR 86.5%; VHR 70.0%), 90.0% (HR 94.3%; VHR 77.6%), 95.7% (HR, 97.1%; VHR, 91.8%), and 99.6% (HR, 100%; VHR, 98.0%), respectively. In multivariable analyses that adjusted for standard clinicopathologic features, the risk subclassification was associated both PFS and OS (p = 0.0003 and 0.001, respectively). Adding the risk subclassification improved the accuracy of models in predicting BCRFS, PFS, and OS.

Conclusion
While the outcome of this trimodal approach appears favorable, VHR PCa patients had significantly worse oncological outcomes than those with HR PCa. The NCCN risk subclassification should be integrated into prognostic tools to guide risk stratification, treatment, and follow-up for unfavorable PCa patients receiving this trimodal therapy.
Laser beam calibration for wood surface colour treatment
Authors: Jurek M. , Wagnerová R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLaser engraving of photographs on wood surfaces is a challenging task. To optimize the outcome and production quality it is necessary to control every aspect of the laser engraving process. Most of the production machines and technologies overall are mainly focused on laser power control. However, with other systems and deeper knowledge of the wood characteristics it is possible to achieve even better quality. This paper deals with enlarging the number of achievable shades of burned wood and its optimization. A calibration system was developed to control colour shades of engraved wood with a combination of laser power and optic focus. With this approach it is possible to widen achievable palette of engraved shades by continuous control of chemical processes of laser and wood interaction. The production is divided into wood burning and wood carbonization by variation of laser beam focus.
Robots beyond Science Fiction: mutual learning in human–robot interaction on the way to participatory approaches
Authors: Weiss Astrid , Spiel Katta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPutting laypeople in an active role as direct expert contributors in the design of service robots becomes more and more prominent in the research fields of human–robot interaction (HRI) and social robotics (SR). Currently, though, HRI is caught in a dilemma of how to create meaningful service robots for human social environments, combining expectations shaped by popular media with technology readiness. We recapitulate traditional stakeholder involvement, including two cases in which new intelligent robots were conceptualized and realized for close interaction with humans. Thereby, we show how the robot narrative (impacted by science fiction, the term robot itself, and assumptions on human-like intelligence) together with aspects of power balancing stakeholders, such as hardware constraints and missing perspectives beyond primary users, and the adaptivity of robots through machine learning that creates unpredictability, pose specific challenges for participatory design processes in HRI. We conclude with thoughts on a way forward for the HRI community in developing a culture of participation that considers humans when conceptualizing, building, and using robots.
New approach in constitutive modelling of commercially pure titanium thermo-mechanical processing
Authors: Bańczerowski Jakub , Pawlikowski Marek 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe pure titanium, as a biomaterial destined for production of load-demanding prostheses, requires thermo-mechanical processing to increase its strength. The most common way to achieve this is the method of grain fragmentation. Thermo-mechanical deformation of titanium is a complex process, which makes it very difficult to describe it by means of constitutive equations. Such constitutive relations are very useful as they can be implemented in the finite element method tools in order to simulate and optimize the whole process. Cylindrical specimens were compressed at elevated temperatures on a thermo-mechanical simulator. The tests were performed at four different strain rates (from 10$$^{\mathrm {-2}}$$

-
2

s$$^{\mathrm {-1}}$$

-
1

to 10 s$$^{\mathrm {-1}})$$

-
1

)

and at 775 K and 875 K temperatures. The collected data allowed us to create strain–stress graphs characterizing the process. Observations on the scanning electron microscope and scanning transmission electron microscope were done as well as the electron backscatter diffraction analysis, revealing significant grain fragmentation. The aim of the studies described in the paper was to verify and select a proper mathematical model for the process of titanium grain fragmentation obtained in a thermoplastic process. Four different constitutive models were considered. The calculation of theoretical stress values based on the Arrhenius-type equation, Anand viscoplastic model, Johnson–Cook model and Khan Huang-Liang model was done and compared to experimental results. The theoretical curves were generated and fitted to experimental, which made it possible to calibrate the constants in the mathematical models. The curve-fitting analyses showed that the Anand constitutive model described the titanium behaviour best.
The Aetiopathogenesis of Late Inflammatory Reactions (LIRs) After Soft Tissue Filler Use: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Bachour Y. , Kadouch J. A. , Niessen F. B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundLate inflammatory reactions (LIRs) are the most challenging complications after filler use. The immune system plays a prominent role in its etiology, albeit to an unknown extent. Bacterial contamination in situ has been hypothesized to be causative for LIRs. How this relates to the immunological processes involved is unknown. This article aims to provide an overview of immunological and bacterial factors involved in development of LIRs.MethodsWe undertook a systematic literature review focused on immunological factors and microbiota in relation to LIRs after filler use. This systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane databases were searched from inception up to August 2019. Included studies were assessed for the following variables: subject characteristics, number of patients, primary indication for filler injection, implant type/amount and injection site, type of complication, follow-up or injection duration, study methods, type of antibiotics or medical therapies and outcomes related to microbiota and immunological factors.ResultsData on immunological factors and bacterial contamination were retrieved from 21 included studies. Notably, the presence of histocytes, giant cells andStaphylococcus epidermidiswithin biopsies were often associated with LIRs.ConclusionThis review provides a clear overview of the immunological factors associated with LIRs and provides a hypothetical immunological model for development of the disease. Furthermore, an overview of bacterial contamination and associations with LIRs has been provided. Follow-up research may result in clinical recommendations to prevent LIRs.Level of Evidence IIIThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors-www.springer.com/00266..
Evaluating a Novel Prehospital Emergency Trauma Care Assessment Tool (PETCAT) for Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries in Sierra Leone
Authors: Delaney Peter G. , Eisner Zachary J. , Thullah Alfred H. , Muller Benjamin D. , Sandy Kpawuru , Boonstra Philip S. , Scott John W. , Raghavendran Krishnan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundWHO recommends training lay first responders (LFRs) as the first step toward formal emergency medical services development, yet no tool exists to evaluate LFR programs.MethodsWe developed Prehospital Emergency Trauma Care Assessment Tool (PETCAT), a seven‐question survey administered to first‐line hospital‐based healthcare providers, to independently assess LFR prehospital intervention frequency and quality. PETCAT surveys were administered one month pre‐LFR program launch (June 2019) in Makeni, Sierra Leone and again 14 months post‐launch (August 2020). Using a difference‐in‐differences approach, PETCAT was also administered in a control city (Kenema) with no LFR training intervention during the study period at the same intervals to control for secular trends. PETCAT measured change in both the experimental and control locations. Cronbach's alpha, point bi‐serial correlation, and inter‐rater reliability using Cohen's Kappa assessed PETCAT reliability.ResultsPETCAT administration to 90 first‐line, hospital‐based healthcare providers found baseline prehospital intervention were rare in Makeni and Kenema prior to LFR program launch (1.2/10 vs. 1.8/10). Fourteen months post‐LFR program implementation, PETCAT demonstrated prehospital interventions increased in Makeni with LFRs (5.2/10, p < 0.0001) and not in Kenema (1.2/10) by an adjusted difference of + 4.6 points/10 (p < 0.0001) (“never/rarely” to “half the time”), indicating negligible change due to secular trends. PETCAT demonstrated high reliability (Cronbach's α = 0.93, Cohen's K = 0.62).ConclusionsPETCAT measures changes in rates of prehospital care delivery by LFRs in a resource‐limited African setting and may serve as a robust tool for independent EMS quality assessment.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of rucaparib in patients with advanced solid tumors and hepatic impairment
Authors: Grechko Nikolay , Skarbova Viera , Tomaszewska-Kiecana Monika , Ramlau Rodryg , Centkowski Piotr , Drew Yvette , Dziadziuszko Rafal , Zemanova Milada , Beltman Jeri , Nash Eileen , Habeck Jenn , Liao Mingxiang , Xiao Jim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor rucaparib is approved for the treatment of patients with recurrent ovarian and metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer; however, limited data are available on its use in patients with hepatic dysfunction. This study investigated whether hepatic impairment affects the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of rucaparib in patients with advanced solid tumors.

Methods
Patients with normal hepatic function or moderate hepatic impairment according to the National Cancer Institute Organ Dysfunction Working Group (NCI-ODWG) criteria were enrolled and received a single oral dose of rucaparib 600 mg. Concentrations of rucaparib and its metabolite M324 in plasma and urine were measured. Pharmacokinetic parameters were compared between hepatic function groups, and safety and tolerability were assessed.

Results
Sixteen patients were enrolled (n = 8 per group). Rucaparib maximum concentration (Cmax) was similar, while the area under the concentration–time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0–inf) was mildly higher in the moderate hepatic impairment group than in the normal control group (geometric mean ratio, 1.446 [90% CI 0.668–3.131]); similar trends were observed for M324. Eight (50%) patients experienced ≥ 1 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE); 2 had normal hepatic function and 6 had moderate hepatic impairment.

Conclusion
Patients with moderate hepatic impairment showed mildly increased AUC0–inf for rucaparib compared to patients with normal hepatic function. Although more patients with moderate hepatic impairment experienced TEAEs, only 2 TEAEs were considered treatment related. These results suggest no starting dose adjustment is necessary for patients with moderate hepatic impairment; however, close safety monitoring is warranted.
Separation of timescales for the seed bank diffusion and its jump-diffusion limit
Authors: Blath Jochen , Buzzoni Eugenio , González Casanova Adrián , Wilke Berenguer Maite 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe investigate scaling limits of the seed bank model when migration (to and from the seed bank) is ‘slow’ compared to reproduction. This is motivated by models for bacterial dormancy, where periods of dormancy can be orders of magnitude larger than reproductive times. Speeding up time, we encounter a separation of timescales phenomenon which leads to mathematically interesting observations, in particular providing a prototypical example where the scaling limit of a continuous diffusion will be a jump diffusion. For this situation, standard convergence results typically fail. While such a situation could in principle be attacked by the sophisticated analytical scheme of Kurtz (J Funct Anal 12:55–67, 1973), this will require significant technical efforts. Instead, in our situation, we are able to identify and explicitly characterise a well-defined limit via duality in a surprisingly non-technical way. Indeed, we show that moment duality is in a suitable sense stable under passage to the limit and allows a direct and intuitive identification of the limiting semi-group while at the same time providing a probabilistic interpretation of the model. We also obtain a general convergence strategy for continuous-time Markov chains in a separation of timescales regime, which is of independent interest.
Advanced gastric cancer: CT radiomics prediction and early detection of downstaging with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Xu Qinmei , Sun Zeyu , Li Xiuli , Ye Chen , Zhou Changsheng , Zhang Longjiang , Lu Guangming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To develop and evaluate machine learning models using baseline and restaging computed tomography (CT) for predicting and early detecting pathological downstaging (pDS) with neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer (AGC).

Methods
We collected 292 AGC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. They were classified into (a) primary cohort (206 patients with 3–4 cycles chemotherapy) for model development and internal validation, (b) testing cohort I (46 patients with 3–4 cycles chemotherapy) for evaluating models’ predictive ability before and after the complete course, and (c) testing cohort II (n = 40) for model evaluation on its performance at early treatment. We extracted 1,231 radiomics features from venous phase CT at baseline and restaging. We selected radiomics models based on 28 cross-combination models and measured the areas under the curve (AUC). Our prediction radiomics (PR) model is designed to predict pDS outcomes using baseline CT. Detection radiomics (DR) model is applied to restaging CT for early pDS detection.

Results
PR model achieved promising outcomes in two testing cohorts (AUC 0.750, p = .009 and AUC 0.889, p = .000). DR model also showed a good predictive ability (AUC 0.922, p = .000 and AUC 0.850, p = .000), outperforming the commonly used RECIST method (NRI 39.5% and NRI 35.4%). Furthermore, the improved DR model with averaging outcome scores of PR and DR models showed boosted results in two testing cohorts (AUC 0.961, p = .000 and AUC 0.921, p = .000).

Conclusions
CT-based radiomics models perform well on prediction and early detection tasks of pDS and can potentially assist surgical decision-making in AGC patients.

Key Points
• Baseline contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT)-based radiomics features were predictive of pathological downstaging, allowing accurate identification of non-responders before therapy.
• Restaging CECT-based radiomics features were predictive to achieve pDS after and even at an early stage of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
• Combination of baseline and restaging CECT-based radiomics features was promising for early detection and preoperative evaluation of pathological downstaging of AGC.
Digitale Transformation in den Haushalten älterer Menschen
Authors: Seifert Alexander 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Nicht nur jüngere, sondern zunehmend auch ältere Menschen leben heute in einer Welt, in der digitale Alltagstechnologien ihren Alltag maßgeblich begleiten. Aber wie hat sich diese Techniknutzung in den letzten 10 Jahren verändert, und inwieweit hat sich die Einstellung gegenüber dieser Technik verändert? Um diese Fragen zu beantworten, wurden 3 querschnittliche Bevölkerungsbefragungen miteinander verglichen.

Material und Methoden
Das Datenmaterial stammt aus 3 Schweizer Befragungen (2009: n = 1105, 2014: n = 1037, 2019: n = 1130) von Personen ab 65 Jahren. Diese Befragungen erfolgten jeweils als standardisiertes telefonisches Interview und wurden mit einer optionalen schriftlichen Befragung kombiniert.

Ergebnisse
Sowohl die Nutzung des Internets als auch die von mobilen Endgeräten (Smartphone, Tablet) ist von 2009 zu 2019 angestiegen. So nutzten 2009 37,8 % der Befragten das Internet, 2019 waren es bereits 74,2 %. Dennoch ist weiterhin zu erkennen, dass v. a. Personen ab 80 Jahren diese Technologien seltener nutzen. Auch wenn 2019 bereits mehr unterschiedliche Internetanwendungen genutzt wurden als noch 2009, so wurden jedoch ähnliche Gründe für die Nichtnutzung des Internets angegeben. Zu den Hauptgründen zählen Sicherheitsbedenken und Angaben, nach denen die Nutzung des Internets zu kompliziert bzw. das Erlernen des Umgangs mit dem Internet überhaupt zu hoch sei. Auch die Einstellungen zur Technik und die Faktoren, die für eine Internetnutzung sprechen, haben sich nur wenig verändert.

Schlussfolgerung
Auch wenn die digitale Transformation voranschreitet, gibt es bei der Techniknutzung weiterhin Ungleichheiten. Auch wenn sich diese mehr und mehr nivellieren, so werden neue Technologien in den kommenden Jahren neue Ungleichheiten schaffen.
LRP10 interacts with SORL1 in the intracellular vesicle trafficking pathway in non-neuronal brain cells and localises to Lewy bodies in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Grochowska Martyna M. , Carreras Mascaro Ana , Boumeester Valerie , Natale Domenico , Breedveld Guido J. , Geut Hanneke , van Cappellen Wiggert A. , Boon Agnita J. W. , Kievit Anneke J. A. , Sammler Esther ,   Netherlands Brain Bank, Parchi Piero , Cortelli Pietro , Alessi Dario R. , van de Berg Wilma D. J. , Bonifati Vincenzo , Mandemakers Wim 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLoss-of-function variants in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 10 (LRP10) gene have been associated with autosomal-dominant Parkinson’s disease (PD), PD dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Moreover, LRP10 variants have been found in individuals diagnosed with progressive supranuclear palsy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Despite this genetic evidence, little is known about the expression and function of LRP10 protein in the human brain under physiological or pathological conditions. To better understand how LRP10 variants lead to neurodegeneration, we first performed an in-depth characterisation of LRP10 expression in post-mortem brains and human-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes and neurons from control subjects. In adult human brain, LRP10 is mainly expressed in astrocytes and neurovasculature but undetectable in neurons. Similarly, LRP10 is highly expressed in iPSC-derived astrocytes but cannot be observed in iPSC-derived neurons. In astrocytes, LRP10 is present at trans-Golgi network, plasma membrane, retromer, and early endosomes. Interestingly, LRP10 also partially co-localises and interacts with sortilin-related receptor 1 (SORL1). Furthermore, although LRP10 expression and localisation in the substantia nigra of most idiopathic PD and DLB patients and LRP10 variant carriers diagnosed with PD or DLB appeared unchanged compared to control subjects, significantly enlarged LRP10-positive vesicles were detected in a patient carrying the LRP10 p.Arg235Cys variant. Last, LRP10 was detected in Lewy bodies (LB) at late maturation stages in brains from idiopathic PD and DLB patients and in LRP10 variant carriers. In conclusion, high LRP10 expression in non-neuronal cells and undetectable levels in neurons of control subjects indicate that LRP10-mediated pathogenicity is initiated via cell non-autonomous mechanisms, potentially involving the interaction of LRP10 with SORL1 in vesicle trafficking pathways. Together with the specific pattern of LRP10 incorporation into mature LBs, these data support an important mechanistic role for disturbed vesicle trafficking and loss of LRP10 function in neurodegenerative diseases.