bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Winter Flounder Navigate the Postsettlement Gauntlet with a Bet-Hedging Strategy
Authors: Dolan Tara E. , McElroy Anne E. , Cerrato Robert , Hice-Dunton Lyndie A. , Fede Catherine , Frisk Michael G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Winter Flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus, a coastal flatfish species of historically economic and cultural importance, have declined throughout the past few decades within the southern New England and mid-Atlantic region of the United States, reaching a low point of less than 9% of their historic biomass in 2009. Unusually high postsettlement mortality is thought to impose a critical recruitment bottleneck on the population, potentially stalling recovery of Winter Flounder populations despite management measures. Survival and growth during early life history play a key role in the recruitment dynamics of marine fishes. Spatiotemporal differences in these vital rates from young-of-the-year (i.e., age-0) Winter Flounder have been variously linked to environmental gradients, anthropogenic stressors, differences in the timing of settlement, and location. To better understand local declines in recruitment productivity, we assessed vital rates of age-0 Winter Flounder in five different bays in Long Island, New York. A weekly or biweekly beam-trawl survey targeting age-0 Winter Flounder was implemented over five summers. We compared survey-based estimates of age-0 mortality and growth, finding significant differences between locations in growth but not mortality. A consistently high abundance of age-0 Winter Flounder in Shinnecock Bay and Mattituck Creek was prolonged by a secondary settlement pulse later in the season. Hypothesizing that multiple settlement pulses are a bet-hedging strategy against temporally varying environmental conditions, we compared mortality, growth, and occupied habitat conditions between settlement pulses (cohorts), finding differences in growth and habitat occupancy that varied across years.
Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker for Cognitive Decline in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Aamodt Whitley W. , Waligorska Teresa , Shen Junchao , Tropea Thomas F. , Siderowf Andrew , Weintraub Daniel , Grossman Murray , Irwin David , Wolk David A. , Xie Sharon X. , Trojanowski John Q. , Shaw Leslie M. , Chen‐Plotkin Alice S. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundNeurofilament light chain protein (NfL) is a promising biomarker of neurodegeneration.ObjectivesTo determine whether plasma and CSF NfL (1) associate with motor or cognitive status in Parkinson's disease (PD) and (2) predict future motor or cognitive decline in PD.MethodsSix hundred and fifteen participants with neurodegenerative diseases, including 152 PD and 200 healthy control participants, provided a plasma and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) NfL sample. Diagnostic groups were compared using the Kruskal−Wallis rank test. Within PD, cross‐sectional associations between NfL and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS‐III) and Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS‐2) scores were assessed by linear regression; longitudinal analyses were performed using linear mixed‐effects models and Cox regression.ResultsPlasma and CSF NfL levels correlated substantially (Spearman r = 0.64, P < 0.001); NfL was highest in neurocognitive disorders. PD participants with high plasma NfL were more likely to develop incident cognitive impairment (HR 5.34, P = 0.005).ConclusionsPlasma NfL is a useful prognostic biomarker for PD, predicting clinical conversion to mild cognitive impairment or dementia. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
External Dynamic InTerference Estimation and Removal (EDITER) for low field MRI
Authors: Srinivas Sai Abitha , Cauley Stephen F. , Stockmann Jason P. , Sappo Charlotte R. , Vaughn Christopher E. , Wald Lawrence L. , Grissom William A. , Cooley Clarissa Z. 
Published: September 2021

PurposePoint‐of‐care MRI requires operation outside of Faraday shielded rooms normally used to block image‐degrading electromagnetic interference (EMI). To address this, we introduce the EDITER method (External Dynamic InTerference Estimation and Removal), an external sensor‐based method to retrospectively remove image artifacts from time‐varying external interference sources.Theory and MethodsThe method acquires data from multiple EMI detectors (tuned receive coils as well as untuned electrodes placed on the body) simultaneously with the primary MR coil during and between image data acquisition. We calculate impulse response functions dynamically that map the data from the detectors to the time varying artifacts then remove the transformed detected EMI from the MR data. Performance of the EDITER algorithm was assessed in phantom and in vivo imaging experiments in an 80 mT portable brain MRI in a controlled EMI environment and with an open 47.5 mT MRI scanner in an uncontrolled EMI setting.ResultsIn the controlled setting, the effectiveness of the EDITER technique was demonstrated for specific types of introduced EMI sources with up to a 97% reduction of structured EMI and up to 76% reduction of broadband EMI in phantom experiments. In the uncontrolled EMI experiments, we demonstrate EMI reductions of up to 99% using an electrode and pick‐up coil in vivo. We demonstrate up to a nine‐fold improvement in image SNR with the method.ConclusionThe EDITER technique is a flexible and robust method to improve image quality in portable MRI systems with minimal passive shielding and could reduce the reliance of MRI on shielded rooms and allow for truly portable MRI.
A data‐driven T2 relaxation analysis approach for myelin water imaging: Spectrum analysis for multiple exponentials via experimental condition oriented simulation (SAME‐ECOS)
Authors: Liu Hanwen , Joseph Tigris S. , Xiang Qing‐San , Tam Roger , Kozlowski Piotr , Li David K. B. , MacKay Alex L. , Kramer John L. K. , Laule Cornelia 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe decomposition of multi‐exponential decay data into a T2 spectrum poses substantial challenges for conventional fitting algorithms, including non‐negative least squares (NNLS). Based on a combination of the resolution limit constraint and machine learning neural network algorithm, a data‐driven and highly tailorable analysis method named spectrum analysis for multiple exponentials via experimental condition oriented simulation (SAME‐ECOS) was proposed.Theory and MethodsThe theory of SAME‐ECOS was derived. Then, a paradigm was presented to demonstrate the SAME‐ECOS workflow, consisting of a series of calculation, simulation, and model training operations. The performance of the trained SAME‐ECOS model was evaluated using simulations and six in vivo brain datasets. The code is available at https://github.com/hanwencat/SAME‐ECOS.ResultsUsing NNLS as the baseline, SAME‐ECOS achieved over 15% higher overall cosine similarity scores in producing the T2 spectrum, and more than 10% lower mean absolute error in calculating the myelin water fraction (MWF), as well as demonstrated better robustness to noise in the simulation tests. Applying to in vivo data, MWF from SAME‐ECOS and NNLS was highly correlated among all study participants. However, a distinct separation of the myelin water peak and the intra/extra‐cellular water peak was only observed in the mean T2 spectra determined using SAME‐ECOS. In terms of data processing speed, SAME‐ECOS is approximately 30 times faster than NNLS, achieving a whole‐brain analysis in 3 min.ConclusionCompared with NNLS, the SAME‐ECOS method yields much more reliable T2 spectra in a dramatically shorter time, increasing the feasibility of multi‐component T2 decay analysis in clinical settings.
Analytical solutions of 1‐D chemo‐hydro‐mechanical coupled model of saturated soil considering osmotic efficiency
Authors: Zheng Xinjiang , Wang Lei , Xu Yongfu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the complex chemical environment of municipal waste landfills, the chemo‐hydro‐mechanical coupled flows in the compacted clay layer (CCL) and its deformation are very complicated. When studying the chemo‐hydro‐mechanical consolidation of soil, the osmotic flow, ultrafiltration, and the osmosis effect on solute migration were neglected due to the low osmotic efficiency. However, the permeability of CCL of landfill is very small, and their osmotic efficiency is higher. The osmotic phenomenon and influence of osmotic efficiency must be considered. In this paper, a 1‐D chemo‐hydro‐mechanical coupled model of saturated soil is proposed considering osmotic efficiency. The analytical solutions of the model under specific boundary conditions were obtained by Fourier transform. The degradation model is compared with the existing governing equations and results in the literature, and the correctness of the proposed governing equations and analytical solutions is verified. Through the analysis of specific case, it can be concluded that chemo‐osmotic consolidation significantly affects the consolidation of the soil layers. The osmotic consolidation leads to the generation of negative pore pressure, but it decreases with the decrease of the osmotic pressure gradient. This process leads to the rebound effect of the soil settlement. The osmotic efficiency significantly affects the consolidation characteristics of this soil layer, and therefore the effect of osmotic efficiency must be considered in soils with high osmotic efficiency.
Emicizumab in pediatric hemophilia: Bleeding and surgical outcomes from a single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Cohen Clay T. , Diaz Rosa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractReal‐world data describing emicizumab prophylaxis in pediatric hemophilia A is limited with current literature providing a heterogenous approach to procedural management. We performed a retrospective review on the 28 patients who have been treated with emicizumab prophylaxis at Texas Children's Hospital from 2018 to 2021. After starting emicizumab, the mean annualized bleeding rate reduced from 3.61 to 0.44. Seven surgical procedures were performed in the cohort, and all treated with pre‐ and postoperative factor replacement resulting in one minor bleeding event. We demonstrate a successful experience with emicizumab prophylaxis and safe perioperative approach with a focus on minimizing postoperative bleeding.
Evaluation of umbilical venous flow volume measured using ultrasound compared to circuit flow volume in the EXTra‐uterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND) system in fetal sheep
Authors: Ozawa Katsusuke , Davey Marcus G. , Tian Zhiyun , Hornick Matthew A. , Mejaddam Ali Y. , McGovern Patrick E. , Flake Alan W. , Rychik Jack 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare and validate umbilical venous flow volume (UVFV) measured at the intra‐abdominal portion using ultrasound with actual flow volume of umbilical vein (UV) in fetal sheep sustained on the EXTrauterine Environment for Neonatal Development (EXTEND) system.MethodsCircuit flow volume through the oxygenator was obtained using sensors. Ultrasound derived UVFV (ml/min) was calculated as (UV diameter [cm]/2)2 3.14 maximum velocity (cm/s) 0.5 60, measured at approximately the mid portion between its abdominal insertion and the origin of the ductus venosus. UVFV was measured by ultrasound once daily and was compared to the average of daily circuit flow volume directly measured.ResultsUVFV was measured 168 times in 15 fetal sheep. The ratio of circuit flow volume to combined cardiac output remained stable within the anticipated physiological range throughout. UVFV measured by ultrasound showed good correlation to directly measured circuit flow (r = 0.72). Interclass correlation coefficients for intra‐observer variability was 0.991 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.979‐0.996).ConclusionUVFV measured at the intra‐abdominal portion using ultrasound shows a good correlation with directly measured circuit flow volume in UV of fetal sheep on the EXTEND system. Regular incorporation of such validated UVFV measures into clinical use may offer opportunities to better understand conditions of placental dysfunction.
Requirement of respiratory support in acute bronchiolitis in infants is linked to endothelial and neutrophil activation
Authors: Juliana Amadu , Plötz Frans B. , Achten Niek , Bultman Anita , Jongman Rianne M. , van Meurs Matijs , Wilschut Jan C , Zonneveld Rens 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence shows that activation of pulmonary vascular endothelium and neutrophils are involved in the pathophysiology of acute bronchiolitis. We hypothesized that levels of markers of endothelial activation and leukocyte counts are associated with requirement and duration of respiratory support.MethodsThirty‐four infants with bronchiolitis and eight controls were included. Nasopharyngeal swabs and blood samples were taken at admission. Serum levels of Angiopoietin (Ang)‐1, Ang‐2, sP‐selectin, sE‐selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (sVCAM‐1), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1), and leukocyte counts were measured. For univariate analysis, bronchiolitis cases were grouped into two groups, namely those not requiring and those requiring any form of respiratory support. To control for known risk factors for poor outcome (i.e., age, prematurity, and congenital heart disease), and for days post symptom onset, linear regression analysis was performed with duration of any type of respiratory support in days.ResultsAng‐2 levels, Ang‐2/Ang‐1 ratios, sE‐selectin levels, immature neutrophil count, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were higher in acute bronchiolitis versus controls. Ang‐2, and NLR levels were significantly higher, and lymphocyte counts significantly lower, in infants that required respiratory support versus those that did not. Ang‐2 levels (β: .32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19–1.19) and NLR (β: .68, 95% CI: 0.17–1.19) were positive predictors for the duration of respiratory support.ConclusionsMarkers of endothelial and neutrophil activation are associated with respiratory support for acute bronchiolitis. Admission Ang‐2 levels and NLR may be promising markers to determine requirement of respiratory support and deserve further study.
Output‐feedback stabilization of a class of stochastic nonlinear systems with time‐varying powers
Authors: Liu Ying , Li Yongming , Li Wuquan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article considers the output‐feedback control problem for a class of stochastic high‐order nonlinear systems with time‐varying powers. In the control design process, by choosing proper upper and lower bounds for time‐varying powers, a state observer is constructed to estimate the unmeasured states. With the help of the adding a power integrator technique, the backstepping technique, and homogeneous domination design method, an output‐feedback control scheme is designed. The closed‐loop systems can be proved to be globally asymptotically stable in probability. Finally, the efficiency of the presented control method is verified by a simulation example.
Transparency with Second Language and Multilingual Transcription
Authors: Seibert Andrew Douglas 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious methodological discussions in TESOL Quarterly (TQ) discuss imperatives for transparent and reflexive research practices and reporting (Derrick, 2016; Rabbidge, 2017). This article follows these methodological discussions by considering issues in second language (L2) and multilingual transcription by inspecting transcription and analyzing its reporting in empirical contributions to TQ. The study analyzes a series of transparency continuums with transcription reporting in TQ as they pertain to general transcription reporting and reporting that is particular to L2 and multilingual transcription. The article draws its argument from seminal scholarly discussions on transcription, calling for greater transparency with the transcription process in scholarly research reports.
Launching a Cross-disciplinary and Cross-national Conversation on Engaged Fatherhood
Authors: Grau Grau Marc , Riley Bowles Hannah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this chapter is to explain the motivations for launching an international, cross-disciplinary conversation on fatherhood engagement. This volume stemmed from a Meeting of Experts from three sectors: Health and Wellbeing, Social Policy, and Work and Organizations. This chapter illuminates the unique learning opportunity afforded by coming together to examine the differential and common struggles across these three fields to support engaged fatherhood. The chapter is divided in four parts covering (1) the urgency and importance of supporting fatherhood engagement, (2) the benefits of studying and supporting fatherhood engagement from a cross-sectoral perspective, (3) the main contribution of each chapter in this volume, and (4) our grateful acknowledgements of the many people who made this collaboration possible.
Fatherhood Among Marginalised Work-Seeking Men in South Africa
Authors: Malinga Mandisa , Ratele Kopano 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSeveral factors have been shown to shape the ways in which men parent/engage with their children and families. Socio-economic status, culture, history, political background, and access to paid employment are among these factors. In this chapter we focus on the ways in which precarious employment shapes the parenting practices of marginalized men in South Africa. These are men who seek work on the side of the road, often referred to as ‘day labourers’. We report on data collected through semi-structured interviews with 46 men who identified as fathers. The data was analysed using the grounded theory method of constant comparison which involved two phases of coding (initial- and focused coding). Following the coding process, the data was compared for similarities, differences, and contradictions. Lastly, the analysis involved the thematic organization of codes which resulted several main themes. The first theme explored in this chapter draws on the integration of parenting roles, where men not only focus on financial provision, but also highlight the significance of being physically present and showing their children love. The second theme we explored highlights the significance of traditional practices – amasiko – as practices of gatekeeping that hinder the involvement of men with their biological children.
Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Considerations for Top-Down Governance for Biosecurity and Synthetic Biology
Authors: Hamilton R. Alexander , Mampuys Ruth , Galaitsi S. E. , Collins Aengus , Istomin Ivan , Ahteensuu Marko , Bakanidze Lela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSynthetic biology promises to make biology easier to engineer (Endy 2005), enabling more people in less formal research settings to participate in modern biology. Leveraging advances in DNA sequencing and synthesis technologies, genetic assembly methods based on standard biological parts (e.g. BioBricks), and increasingly precise gene-editing tools (e.g. CRISPR), synthetic biology is helping increase the reliability of and accessibility to genetic engineering. Although potentially enabling tremendous opportunities for the advancement of the global bioeconomy, opening new avenues for the creation of health, wealth and environmental sustainability, the possibility of a more ‘democratic’ (widely accessible) bioengineering capability could equally yield new opportunities for accidental, unintended or deliberate misuse. Consequently, synthetic biology represents a quintessential ‘dual-use’ biotechnology – a technology with the capacity to enable significant benefits and risks (NRC 2004).
Cyberbiosecurity and Public Health in the Age of COVID-19
Authors: Adler Aaron , Beal Jake , Lancaster Mary , Wyschogrod Daniel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCyberbiosecurity, the aspect of biosecurity involving the digital representation of biological data, had already been emerging as a matter of public concern even prior to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Key issues of concern include, among others, the privacy of patient data, the security of public health databases, the integrity of diagnostic test data, the integrity of public biological databases, the security implications of automated laboratory systems and the security of proprietary biological engineering advances.
Synthetic Biology Brings New Challenges to Managing Biosecurity and Biosafety
Authors: Jin Andrew , Linkov Igor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNovel biology technologies like gene editing and genetic engineering are creating a proliferation of breakthroughs in engineered biological systems that will change our world in areas ranging from medicine, to textiles, to energy. New developments in gene editing technologies, especially CRISPR-Cas9, have shown early signs of extraordinary potential in a variety of fields, including from basic research, applied biotechnology, and biomedical research. While the possibility of directly targeting and modifying genomic sequences in almost all eukaryotic cells could significantly improve standards of living, these technologies have the potential to pose serious biological hazards.
Combining outlier analysis algorithms to identify new physics at the LHC
Authors: van Beekveld Melissa , Caron Sascha , Hendriks Luc , Jackson Paul , Leinweber Adam , Otten Sydney , Patrick Riley , de Austri Roberto Ruiz , Santoni Marco , White Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe lack of evidence for new physics at the Large Hadron Collider so far has prompted the development of model-independent search techniques. In this study, we compare the anomaly scores of a variety of anomaly detection techniques: an isolation forest, a Gaussian mixture model, a static autoencoder, and aβ-variational autoencoder (VAE), where we define the reconstruction loss of the latter as a weighted combination of regression and classification terms. We apply these algorithms to the 4-vectors of simulated LHC data, but also investigate the performance when the non-VAE algorithms are applied to the latent space variables created by the VAE. In addition, we assess the performance when the anomaly scores of these algorithms are combined in various ways. Using super- symmetric benchmark points, we find that the logical AND combination of the anomaly scores yielded from algorithms trained in the latent space of the VAE is the most effective discriminator of all methods tested.
3d gravity in Bondi-Weyl gauge: charges, corners, and integrability
Authors: Geiller Marc , Goeller Christophe , Zwikel Céline 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We introduce a new gauge and solution space for three-dimensional gravity. As its name Bondi-Weyl suggests, it leads to non-trivial Weyl charges, and uses Bondi-like coordinates to allow for an arbitrary cosmological constant and therefore spacetimes which are asymptotically locally (A)dS or flat. We explain how integrability requires a choice of integrable slicing and also the introduction of a corner term. After discussing the holographic renormalization of the action and of the symplectic potential, we show that the charges are finite, symplectic and integrable, yet not conserved. We find four towers of charges forming an algebroid given by $$ \mathfrak{vir}\oplus \mathfrak{vir}\oplus $$
vir
⊕
vir
⊕
Heisenberg with three central extensions, where the base space is parametrized by the retarded time. These four charges generate diffeomorphisms of the boundary cylinder, Weyl rescalings of the boundary metric, and radial translations. We perform this study both in metric and triad variables, and use the triad to explain the covariant origin of the corner terms needed for renormalization and integrability.