bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Predictors of Adherent Perinephric fat and its Impact on Perioperative Outcomes in Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: A Retrospective Case-control Study
Authors: Fang Lu , Li Huan , Zhang Tao , Liu Rui , Zhang Taotao , Bi Liangkuan , Xie Dongdong , Wang Yi , Yu Dexin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Adherent perinephric fat (APF), characterized by inflammatory fat surrounding the kidney, can limit the isolation of renal tumors and increase the operative difficulty in laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN). The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors of APF and its impact on perioperative outcomes during LPN.Methods: A total of 215 consecutive patients undergoing LPN for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from January 2016 to June 2019 at our institute were included. We divided these patients into two groups according to the presence of APF. Radiographic data were retrospectively collected from preoperative cross-sectional imaging. The perioperative clinical parameters were compared between the two groups. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive factors of APF. Results: APF was observed in 41 patients (19.1%) at the time of LPN. Univariate analysis demonstrated that APF was significantly correlated with male gender (P = 0.001), higher body mass index (P = 0.002), lower preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.004), greater posterior perinephric fat thickness (P < 0.001), greater perinephric stranding (P < 0.001) and higher Mayo Adhesive Probability (MAP) score (P < 0.001). The MAP score (P < 0.001) was the only variable that remained an independent predictor for APF in multivariate analysis. We found that patients with APF had longer operative times (P < 0.001), warm ischemia times (P = 0.001), and greater estimated blood loss (P = 0.003) than those without APF. However, there were no significant differences in surgical approach, transfusion rate, length of postoperative stay, complication rate or surgical margin between the two groups.Conclusions: Several specific clinical and radiographic factors including the MAP score can predict APF. The presence of APF is associated with an increased operative time, and warm ischemia time and greater estimated blood loss but has no impact on other perioperative outcomes in LPN.
Association between Respiratory and Heart Rate Fluctuations and Death Occurrence in Dying Cancer Patients: Continuous Measurement with a Non-wearable Monitor
Authors: Fukui Sakiko , Ikuta Kasumi , Maeda Isseki , Hattori Satoshi , Hatano Yutaka , Yamakawa Miyae , Utsumi Momoe 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: The cancer deaths at home and in care facilities are increasing worldly. If we can identify imminent death using a monitoring device and inform it to family members and care staff, it will help them, even in the absence of healthcare professionals at all times. We examined the association between impending death and continual changes in respiratory and heart rates measured by a non-wearable monitor every minute for the final 2 weeks of dying cancer patients. In this longitudinal study, we enrolled patients in a palliative-care-unit and continuously measured their respiratory/heart rates by a monitor, capturing their other vital signs and clinical status from medical records.Result: A dataset was created with 240 patient-days from every minute data to death (345,600 data) among 24 patients for 3-14 days to death. We analyzed this 240 patient-day data. After confirming the associations between the value of death day (n=24) or other days (2–14 days before death, n=216) and the mean, maximum, minimum, and variance of respiratory and heart rates every 24 hours by univariate analyses, we conducted a repeated measures logistic regression analysis using a generalized estimating equation. Finally, the maximum respiratory rate and mean heart rate were significantly associated with death at 24, 48, and 72 hours later, other than the respiratory rate of the last 24 hours.Conclusion: The maximum respiratory rate and mean heart rate measured every minute by a monitor can warn imminent death during the last days of life among dying patients. Our findings can help for caregivers to aware imminent death among dying patients at home or in facilities, in collaboration with palliative care professionals.
Untargeted Metabolomic Approach to Study the Serum Metabolites&nbsp;in Women&nbsp;with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: YU Ying , TAN PANLI , ZHUANG ZHENCHAO , WANG ZHEJIONG , ZHU LINCHAO , QIU RUYI , XU HUAXI 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a kind of common endocrine syndrome as well as metabolic disorder, which harms the reproductive system and the overall body metabolism of the patients. This study, we aimed to investigate the difference of serum metabolic profiles of the patients with PCOS compared to the healthy controls.Material and methods: a total of 62 study subjects including 31 PCOS patients and 31 matched healthy female controls were recruited, the clinical characteristics data were recorded at the time of recruitment, the laboratory biochemical data were detected. Then, we utilized metabolomics approach by UPLC-HRMS technology to study the metabolic changes between PCOS and controls.Results: The metabolomics analysis showed that there were 68 were downregulated and 78 were upregulated metabolites in PCOS patients serum compared to the controls. These metabolites mainly belong to Triacylglycerols, Glycerophosphocholines, Acylcarnitines, Diacylglycerols, Peptides, Amino acids, Glycerophosphoethanolamines and fatty acid. Pathway analysis showed that these metabolites were enriched in pathways including Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Fatty acid degradation, Fatty acid biosynthesis, Ether lipid metabolism etc. Diagnosis value assessment by ROC analysis showed that the changed metabolites including Leu-Ala/Ile-Ala, 3-(4-Hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, Ile-Val/Leu-Val, Gly-Val/Val-Gly, aspartic acid, DG(34:2)_DG(16:0/18:2), DG(34:1)_DG(16:0/18:1), Phe-Trp, DG(36:1)_DG(18:0/18:1), Leu-Leu/Leu-Ile had higher AUC values, indicated significant role in PCOS.Conclusion: The present study characterized the difference of metabolic and related pathway profiles in PCOS patients, this finding hope to provide potential metabolic marker for the prognosis and diagnosis of this disease.
An Experimental Method for Estimating the Tearing Energy in Rubber-like Materials Using the True Stored Energy
Authors: Elmukashfi Elsiddig 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A method for determining the critical tearing energy in rubber-like materials is proposed. In this method, the energy required for crack propagation in a rubber-like material is determined by the change of the recovered elastic energy. Hence, the dissipated energy due to different inelastic processes is deducted from the total strain energy applied to the system. Therefore, the classical method proposed by Rivlin and Thomas using the pure shear tear test is modified using the actual stored elastic energy. The elastically stored energy in a pure shear is determined experimentally using cyclic loading under quasi-static loading rate of 0.01 s-1 for different unloading rates, i.e. 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 s-1. The experimental results show that the classical method overestimates the critical tearing energy by approximately 18% and the unloading rate is minimal which suggests that the dissipation depends only on the loading path.
Clinical and Demographic Features among Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Henan, China
Authors: Yang Liguo , Yang Guangxing , Li Xialian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the failure of islet cell. However, many studies showed a tendency to heterogeneity in TID. We aimed to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics in T1D and the differences in young-onset and adult-onset patients.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted among 1917 patients with T1D. Medical records on patients’ demographics, anthropometric measurements, and clinical manifestation were collected. According to the age at onset, it was divided into the young-onset group (<18 years, 234 patients, mean age 11 years) and adult-onset group (≥18 years, 219 patients, mean age 27 years). ResultsThe median age of patients at disease onset was 22 yd. The median duration of patients was 3 years. The overall median HbA1c value was 10.3%. Seventeen percent of patients were overweight or obesity. The frequency of overall dyslipidemia was 37.8%. The most frequent dyslipidemia was low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) (29%). The proportion of patients with anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA), insulin antibody (IAA) and islet cell antibody (ICA) were 28.0%, 6.4% and 21.6%, respectively. Compared with young-onset T1D, adult-onset patients comprised better islet function and glycemic control, higher prevalence of diabetes condition in the male gender (64.4% VS. 51.3%), higher proportion of obesity or overweight (24.6% VS. 9.5%), higher frequency of GADA (33.7% VS. 23.3%), and lower frequency of HDL (8.8% VS. 16.6%). Increasing or decreasing trends of overweight and obesity in this population during the period 2012 to 2018 was not found.ConclusionThis population was characterized by poor overall blood glucose control, high prevalence of dyslipidemia and low prevalence of GADA, IAA, ICA. Adult-onset patients with T1D are not uncommon and have better clinical manifestations than young-onset patients.
Modeling the Cost of Management Options for small benign non-functional adrenal incidentaloma: A Decision Tree Analysis
Authors: Ni Wenjun , Chen Xingxing , Ye Xiao , Pang Guofu , Liu Yan , Yuan Xiaoxu 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Adrenal incidentaloma (AI) is the term for any unsuspected lesion of the adrenal gland found by radiologic imaging, usually done for other indications. Although it is consistently recommended that hyper-functional tumor and suspicious malignancy need surgery, the management of patients with small benign non-functional adrenal incidentaloma remains controversial. Here we develop a detailed mathematical decision analysis model comparing the projected management costs for small benign non-functional adrenal incidentaloma.Methods A detailed model was developed that integrates projected costs for a few possible treatment outcomes. Starting values and probabilities were derived from a comprehensive meta-analysis of 1298 patients. Hypothesis testing was performed using sensitivity analysis.Results The model predicts a cost premium for follow-up compared with surgery. The tornado analysis identify the cost of follow-up for once as the most important variables for our model. One-way sensitivity analysis demonstrated that cost equivalence could be met with ¥4359.5 for once follow-up, keeping other factors constant.Conclusion Our models of treatment for small benign non-functional adrenal incidentaloma showed significant cost differences for follow-up vs immediate surgery. The cost of follow-up for once featured threshold values.
Nomogram for Perinatal Prediction of Intrapartum Fever: A Case-control Study
Authors: Jiang Zhenfei , Hu Xiaoyi , Zeng Huabei , Wang Xinghe , Tan Cheng , Ni Chunyan , Dai Lingyun , Liu Su 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To explore the risk factors of intrapartum fever and develop a nomogram to predict the incidence of intrapartum fever.Methods: The general demographic characteristics and perinatal factors of 696 parturient who underwent vaginal delivery in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from May 2019 to April 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. 487 patients collected from May 2019 to October 2019 were formed into a training cohort. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify the independent risk factors associated with intrapartum fever during vaginal delivery, then a nomogram was developed to predict the occurrence. 209 cases collected from January 2020 to April 2020 were formed into a validation cohort to verify the nomogram.Results: Intrapartum fever was found in 72 of 487 parturient (14.78%) in the training cohort, and the incidence of intrapartum fever in the validation cohort was 14.83% (31/209). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that primiparas (Odds Ratio [OR]2.433; 95% confidence interval [CI]1.149-5.150), epidural labor analgesia (OR2.890; 95%CI 1.225-6.818), premature rupture of membranes (OR2.366; 95%CI 1.130-4.954), second stage of labor ≥120min (OR4.363; 95%CI 1.419-13.410), amniotic fluid pollution Ⅲ degree (OR10.391; 95%CI 3.299-32.729), fetal weight ≥4000g (OR7.492; 95%CI 2.115-26.542) were significantly related to intrapartum fever. According to clinical experience and previous studies, the duration of epidural labor analgesia also seemed to be a meaningful factor for intrapartum fever, so these 7 variables were incorporated to develop a nomogram, which achieved good area under ROC curve of 0.855 in the training cohort and 0.808 in the validation cohort, and it had a well-fitted calibration curve, which showed an excellent diagnostic performance.Conclusion: We constructed a model to predict the occurrence of fever during childbirth and developed an accessible nomogram. The nomogram can help doctors assess the risk of fever during childbirth, so as to lead to reasonable treatment measures.Clinical Trial Registration: (www.chictr.org.cn ChiCTR2000035593)
The Association between BMI, Smoking, Drinking and Thyroid Disease: A Cross-sectional Study in Wuhan, China
Authors: Chen Xiao , Wang Juanjuan , Yu Li , Wang Hanyu , Sun Hui 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: There is no clear conclusion on the relationship between thyroid disease and obesity and living habits such as smoking and drinking. In this study, a cross-sectional survey of urban residents in central China was conducted to analyze the association of body mass index (BMI), smoking and drinking with subclinical hypothyroidism (SHO) and thyroid nodules (TNs), and to discuss the potential mechanism between these risk or protective factors and the two diseases.Methods: This study included 1279 participants in 2011 and 2012. Questionnaire survey, laboratory examination and ultrasonic diagnosis were conducted on these participants. Binary logistics regression analysis was used to analyze these factors.Results: Overweight (BMI ≥25kg/m2) was closely related to subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules in univariate and multivariate logistics regression analysis. Smoking had protective effect on subclinical hypothyroidism and thyroid nodules in univariate logistics regression, while drinking had protective effect on thyroid nodules in univariate logistics regression, but there was no significant difference between smoking and drinking and two kinds of thyroid diseases in multivariate logistics regression analysis. In subgroup analysis, BMI ≥ 25kg/m2 was significantly associated with subclinical hypothyroidism in people with positive thyroid antibodies (OR= 2.221, 95%CI: 1.168-4.184, P=0.015) and smokers (OR= 2.179, 95%CI: 1.041-4.561, P=0.039). Thyroid nodules were significantly associated with thyroid nodules in people over 60 years old (OR= 2.069, 95%CI: 1.149-3.724, P=0.015) and drinkers (OR=3.065, 95%CI: 1.413-6.648, P=0.005). Drinking alcohol has a protective effect on thyroid nodules in smokers (OR=0.456, 95%CI: 0.240-0.865, P=0.016) and people with BMI ≥ 25kg/m2 (OR=0.467, 95%CI: 0.236-0.925, P=0.029). No statistical association was found between smoking and the two thyroid diseases in different subgroups.Conclusion: Obesity is a risk factor for thyroid disease, especially in the elderly and people with positive thyroid autoantibodies. Obesity and metabolic syndrome may be more associated with thyroid nodules than subclinical hypothyroidism. Smoking may be a protective factor for thyroid disease, while drinking is a protective factor for thyroid nodules.
A Secure and Privacy Preserving Authentication Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart City
Authors: Xie Qi , Li Keheng , Tan Xiao , Han Lidong , Tang Wen , Hu Bin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Smart city can improve the efficiency of managing assets and resources, optimize urban services, and improve the quality of citizens’ life. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) can solve many problems in smart city, such as smart transportation, smart healthcare, smart energy, and so on. However, security and privacy are the biggest challenges for WSN. Recently, Banerjee et al. proposed a security enhanced authentication and key agreement scheme for WSN, but their scheme can't resist off-line password guessing attack, impersonation attack, and does not achieve session key secrecy, identity unlinkability and perfect forward secrecy. In order to fix these flaws, a secure and privacy preserving authentication protocol for WSN in smart city is proposed. We prove the security of the proposed protocol by using applied pi calculus based formal verification tool ProVerif, and show that it has high computational efficiency by comparison with some related schemes.
Environmental Factors Shape the Epiphytic Bacterial Communities of Gracilariopsis Lemaneiformis
Authors: Pei Pengbing , Du Hong , Aslam Muhammad , Liang Honghao , Wang Hui , Liu Xiaojuan , Chen Weizhou 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Macroalgae host variety of symbionts on their surface which play critical role in their growth and development processes. Nevertheless, the complete understanding of this interaction of epiphytic bacteria and host algae is still in its infancy. This study comprehensively analyses epiphytic bacterial communities composition of red macroalga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis and environmental factors such as nitrogen and phosphorus which shape the composition of epiphytic bacterial communities of G. lemaneiformis and variation of epiphytic bacterial communities composition at different geographical location. The composition and structure of epiphytic bacterial communities were characterized using high throughput sequencing data of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. The epiphytic bacterial communities composition data revealed that epiphytic bacteria varied significantly among three different geographic locations i) Nan’ao Island (NA) (ii) Lianjiang County (LJ) and iii) Nanri Island (NR) in China. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia and Epsilonbacteraeota at NR were strongly positively correlated with total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), whereas negatively correlated with nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N). In addition, the relative abundance of cyanobacteria at NA and LJ were strongly positively correlated with NO2-N, whereas negatively correlated with TN, TP, NO3-N, and DIN. Furthermore, the results of Mantel test indicated that the epiphytic bacterial communities composition is significantly correlated with these environmental factors, which are also proved by Pearson correlation analysis. In conclusion, it is proposed that environmental factors such as NO3-N and DIN play key role in the communities composition of epiphytic bacteria in G. lemaneiformis. Our study provides important baseline knowledge for the communities composition of epiphytic bacteria in G. lemaneiformis and their correlation among themselves as well as with their surrounding environmental factors.
Cryptic U2-dependent Pre-mRNASplice Site Usage Induced by Splice Switching Antisense Oligonucleotides
Authors: Ham Kristin , Keegan Niall , McIntosh Craig , Aung-Htut May , Zaw Khine , Greer Kane , Fletcher Sue , Wilton Stephen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Antisense oligomers (AOs) are increasingly being used for modulating RNA splicing in live cells, both for research and for therapeutic purposes. While the most common intended effect of these AOs is to induce skipping of whole exons, rare examples are emerging of AOs that induce skipping of only part of an exon, through activation of an internal cryptic splice site. In this report, we examined seven such examples of AO-induced cryptic splice site activation – five new examples from our own experiments and three from reports published by others. We modelled the predicted effects that AO binding would have on the secondary structure of each of the RNA targets, and how these alterations would in turn affect the accessibility of the RNA to splice factors. We observed that a common predicted effect of AO binding was a disruption to the exon definition signal within the exon’s excluded segment.
Sleep Disorders and Gout in Australian Adults&nbsp;
Authors: New-Tolley Julia , Reynolds Amy , Appleton Sarah , Gill Tiffany , Lester Susan , Adams Robert , Hill Catherine 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The aims of our study were two-fold. Firstly, to determine if there is an association between gout and OSA in a representative Australian adult population. Secondly, to explore associations between gout and patient reported sleep outcomes. METHODS: A cross-sectional national online survey of a representative sample of Australian adults > 18 years assessed self-reported doctor-diagnosed OSA, insomnia and patient reported sleep outcomes. Possible undiagnosed OSA was estimated using self-reported frequent loud snoring and witnessed apnoeas. Participants self-reported physician-diagnosed gout and other health conditions. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed for both objectives. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported.RESULTS: There were 1948 participants of whom 126 (6.5%) had gout and 124 (6.4%) had diagnosed sleep apnoea. After adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), sex, alcohol intake and the presence of arthritis, those with obstructive sleep apnoea diagnosed on polysomnography were twice as likely to report having gout compared to those without. (OR=2.6, 95% CI 1.5 - 4.6). Additionally, participants with symptoms suggestive of sleep apnoea were also twice as likely to have gout compared to those without (OR=2.8, 95%CI 1.6 - 5.1). There was also a higher likelihood of restless legs syndrome, insomnia and worry about sleep in patients with gout. CONCLUSION: Diagnosed and suspected OSA are associated with higher likelihood of gout. Participants with gout are also more likely to report suffering from restless legs syndrome, insomnia and worry about their sleep. Given the morbidity associated with sleep problems, we should be vigilant regarding sleep health in our patients with gout.
Construction of K+ ions gradient in crystalline carbon nitride to accelerate charge separation for efficient visible light H2 production
Authors: Zhang Guoqiang , Xu Yangsen , He Chuan-Xin , Li Yongliang , Ren Xiangzhong , Zhang Peixin , Mi Hongwei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Like most of the recent reported semiconductor photocatalysts, the sluggish dynamic charges transfer and separation caused by weak driving force still restricts the further improvement of photocatalytic performance in crystalline carbon nitride (CCN). Here, we successfully prepared a series of heptazine-based K+ implanted CCN (KCN) for the first time, where the K+ ions concentration was gradiently inserted through controlling its diffusion from the surface to bulk in carbon nitride (CN). As a powerful driving force, the built-in electric field (BIEF) induced by this concentration gradient, greatly accelerates the drift movement and the transport from bulk to the surface, as well as the separation of photogenerated carriers. Consequently, the KCN with optimized BIEF displays a ～34 times promotion than original CN for visible-light H2 evolution. Such a high activity enhancement factor is at a relatively good level in reported CCN. Our proposed strategy to induce BIEF production by constructing concentration gradients through thermodynamically feasible diffusion controlled solid-state reaction, can be adopted to build other efficient photocatalytic systems.