bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biochar and wheat straw affecting soil chemistry and microbial biomass carbon countrywide
Authors: Shokuhifar Younes , Ghahsareh Ahmad Mohammadi , Shahbazi Karim , Tehrani Mohammad Mehdi , Besharati Hossein 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIndicating how different sources of organic matter (OM) may affect the properties of a wide range of soil types, at varying soil moisture (SM), is of significance in the agricultural fields. A large dataset of soil samples (0–30 cm) was collected from different parts of Iran (21 different agricultural regions, with a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological properties) to determine the effects of OM and varying SM on soil chemical (pH, salinity, and organic carbon) and biological (microbial biomass carbon, MBC) properties. The collected soil samples were incubated (9-month period) with the experimental treatments including OM (control (M1), 2% wheat straw (WS) (M2), and 2% biochar (BI) (M3)), at different SM levels (0.2 field capacity, FC (V1), 0.7 variable FC (V2), 0.7 constant FC (V3), and saturated moisture (V4)). Wheat straw was pyrolyzed (at 500°C) to produce BI, and their chemical properties were determined. BI salinity (3.1 dS/m) was significantly higher than WS (2.8 dS/m). The organic treatments, especially BI, significantly increased soil OM and MBC compared with the control treatment. The two sources of organic fertilization increased soil pH, OM, and MBC, though such effects were functions of varying soil moisture (drying and rewetting cycles). Due to higher C percentage (61%), the effects of BI, significantly affected by soil moisture, were more pronounced on soil parameters. The tested sources of organic matter (WS and BI), acting as functions of soil moisture, can strongly affect soil chemical and biological properties and contribute to higher efficiency of agricultural fields.
Naturally Occurring Terpenes: A Promising Class of Organic Molecules to Address Influenza Pandemics
Authors: Al-Salihi Suhad A. A. , Alberti Fabrizio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince the olden times, infectious diseases have largely affected human existence. The newly emerged infections are excessively caused by viruses that are largely associated with mammal reservoirs. The casualties of these emergencies are significantly influenced by the way human beings interact with the reservoirs, especially the animal ones. In our review we will consider the evolutionary and the ecological scales of such infections and their consequences on the public health, with a focus on the pathogenic influenza A virus. The nutraceutical properties of fungal and plant terpene-like molecules will be linked to their ability to lessen the symptoms of viral infections and shed light on their potential use in the development of new drugs. New challenging methods in antiviral discovery will also be discussed in this review. The authors believe that pharmacognosy is the “wave of future pharmaceuticals”, as it can be continually produced and scaled up under eco-friendly requirements. Further diagnostic methods and strategies however are required to standardise those naturally occurring resources.
A derivative free globally convergent method and its deformations
Authors: Singh Manoj Kumar , Singh Arvind K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe motive of the present work is to introduce and investigate the quadratically convergent Newton’s like method for solving the non-linear equations. We have studied some new properties of a Newton’s like method with examples and obtained a derivative-free globally convergent Newton’s like method using forward difference operator and bisection method. Finally, we have used various numerical test functions along with their fractal patterns to show the utility of the proposed method. These patterns support the numerical results and explain the compactness regarding the convergence, divergence and stability of the methods to different roots.
CFD-based modelling of phase transformation in laser welded low-carbon steel
Authors: Siwek Aleksander 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical model of the laser welding of steel, taking into account the heat and mass flows, as well as thermal effects associated with phase transformations. It was assumed that the heat source is a laser with a symmetrical power distribution of the TEM10beam in two welding condition variants: a stationary heat source and a source moving at a constant speed along the sample. After reaching the melting temperature, the movement of the liquid phase was forced by the Marangoni effect acting on the surface of the welding pool. For the laser power applied, the surface of the welding pool was assumed to be flat. It was proposed an algorithm for the forecasting of the phase changes during heating and cooling. Diffusive phase transformations during cooling were modelled using Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov (JMAK) equations. Diffusionless transformations occurring when cooling rates exceed the critical ones were modelled using Koistinen-Marburger (KM) equations. Calculations were made for a rectangular sample welded in air and cooled spontaneously in the atmosphere. The boundary conditions were simulated assuming a constant coefficient of heat exchange and radiation to the environment. The start and end time of the changes occurring in the cooling phase were calculated based on the average cooling rate in the temperature range 800–500°C (v8/5). The model was tested for the test material: S355J2 steel.
Comorbidities in dementia during the last years of life: a register study of patterns and time differences in Finland
Authors: Vargese Saritha Susan , Halonen Pauliina , Raitanen Jani , Forma Leena , Jylhä Marja , Aaltonen Mari 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Comorbidities have major implications for the care of people with dementia.

Aim
To investigate the patterns of comorbidities in dementia in the last five years of life and how these patterns differed between three cohorts.

Methods
The study included people who died at age 70 and above in 2001 (n = 13,717), 2007 (n = 34,750) and 2013 (n = 38,087) in Finland. ICD-10 morbidity data for a five-year period prior to death were extracted from national registers. Principal component analysis was employed to identify patterns for several morbidities. The associations of principal component scores with dementia were analysed using binary logistic regression. Linear regression was used to examine changes in the number of morbidities in patterns over time.

Results
The morbidity patterns identified in the last years of life were (1) cardiometabolic disorders, (2) neurological, (3) cerebrovascular diseases and (4) musculoskeletal, thyroid and psychiatric disorders. Among the patterns, neurological and musculoskeletal, thyroid and psychiatric disorders were associated with dementia. The number of diagnoses in the cerebrovascular pattern increased and those in the musculoskeletal, thyroid and psychiatric pattern decreased over time.

Discussion
Comorbidity patterns identified in this nationwide register study are largely in line with previous evidence. Time difference in these patterns provide crucial information for service planning.

Conclusions
Comorbidities in dementia in the last years of life occur in patterns and change over time. More systematic monitoring and updated clinical guidelines are needed for the care of comorbidities with dementia.
Comparison of Recreational Fish Consumption Advisories Across the USA
Authors: Cleary Brittany M. , Romano Megan E. , Chen Celia Y. , Heiger-Bernays Wendy , Crawford Kathryn A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Our comparative analysis sought to understand the factors which drive differences in fish consumption advisories across the USA — including exposure scenarios (acute and chronic health risk, non-cancer and cancer health endpoints), toxicity values (reference dose, cancer slope factor, acute tolerance level), and meal size and bodyweight assumptions.

Recent Findings
Fish consumption provides essential nutrients but also results in exposure to contaminants such as PCBs and methylmercury. To protect consumers from the risks of fish contaminants, fish consumption advisories are established, most often by state jurisdictions, to estimate the amount of a certain fish species a person could consume throughout their lifetime without harm. However, inconsistencies in advisories across the USA confuse consumers and undermine the public health goals of fish advisory programs. To date, no rigorous comparison of state and national fish consumption advisories has been reported.

Summary
Our work identifies discrepancies in key assumptions used to derive risk-based advisories between US states, reflecting differences in the interpretation of toxicity science. We also address the implications for these differences by reviewing advisories issued by contiguous states bordering two waterbodies: Lake Michigan and the Lower Mississippi River. Our findings highlight the importance of regional collaboration when issuing advisories, so that consumers of self-caught fish are equipped with clear knowledge to make decisions to protect their health.
Salivary gland tissues and derived primary and metastatic neoplasms: unusual pitfalls in the work-up of sellar lesions. A systematic review
Authors: Feola T. , Gianno F. , De Angelis M. , Colonnese C. , Esposito V. , Giangaspero F. , Jaffrain-Rea M.-L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Salivary gland (SG) tissue and derived neoplasms may occur in the sellar region. As the current literature is mostly limited to case reports, the puzzling case of an inflammatory SG removed by transsphenoidal surgery (TS) and mimicking a prolactinoma prompted us to perform the first systematic review of these unusual conditions.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Forty-four individual cases—non-neoplastic enlarged salivary glands (NNESG, n = 15), primary benign (n = 7) and malignant (n = 8) ectopic salivary tumours (ST) and sellar metastasis from eutopic primary ST (n = 14)—were suitable for the analysis of clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics. Therapeutic outcome was reviewed as a secondary endpoint.

Results
All cases were diagnosed after surgery. NNESG commonly affected young and/or female patients, typically leading to headaches and hyperprolactinemia and originating close to the neurohypophysis. Submucosal SG should be excluded before concluding to an intrasellar NNESG after TS. No gender or age predominance was found for primary ectopic ST, which present as large tumors, with histological phenotypes similar to common ST. Hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus were more frequent in ST than in NNESG. NNESG and benign ectopic ST rarely recur. Malignant ectopic ST should be distinguished from secondary localizations of eutopic ST reaching the sella by contiguity or metastatic spread; both share a frequent unfavorable outcome.

Conclusion
Sellar neoplasms derived from SG are rare but misleading conditions and pituitary dysfunction is likely to be more common than currently reported. Appropriate pathological evaluation and multidisciplinary approach are required.
Lane detection under artificial colored light in tunnels and on highways: an IoT-based framework for smart city infrastructure
Authors: Ghanem Safwan , Kanungo Priyadarshi , Panda Ganapati , Satapathy Suresh Chandra , Sharma Rohit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLane detection (LD) under different illumination conditions is a vital part of lane departure warning system and vehicle localization which are current trends in the future smart cities. Recently, vision-based methods are proposed to detect lane markers in different road situations including abnormal marker cases. However, an inclusive framework for driverless cars has not been introduced yet. In this work, a novel LD and tracking method is proposed for the autonomous vehicle in the IoT-based framework (IBF). The IBF consists of three modules which are vehicle board (VB), cloud module (CM), and the vehicle remote controller. The LD and tracking are carried out initially by the VB, and then, in case of any failure, the whole set of data is passed to CM to be processed and the results are sent to the VB to perform the appropriate action. If the CM detects a lane departure, then the autonomous vehicle is driven remotely and the VB would be restarted. In addition to the proposed framework, an illumination invariance method is presented to detect lane markers under different light conditions. The simulation results with real-life data demonstrate lane-keeping rates of 95.3% and 95.2% in tunnels and on highways, respectively. The approximate processing time of the proposed method is 31 ms/frame which fulfills the real-time requirements.
Modifying Carbon Supports of Catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Vehicle PEMFCs
Authors: Xue Qiong , Yang Daijun , Jiang Lei , Li Bing , Ming Pingwen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor current carbon-supported Pt catalysts in vehicle proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), the insufficient stability and durability of carbon supports are severe limitations under operating conditions. This paper adopts the accelerated stress test (AST) method to study the carbon corrosion of catalysts, which is significant to efficiently select the catalysts supports in fuel cells. Graphitized carbon blacks with various surface properties are heated under different conditions, followed by evaluation of their antioxidation capacity with the AST. It is shown that optimally graphitized carbon blacks demonstrate superior stability, retaining a constant quinone/hydroquinone (QH) transition peak potential for over 70,000 AST cycles. A Pt catalyst supported on the selected graphitized carbon exhibits excellent durability at both the rotating disk electrode (RDE) and membrane electrode assembly (MEA) levels. The final specific mass activity (MA) of the optimum catalyst is 47.87 mA/mgPt, which is 2.06 times that of commercial Pt/C (23.31 mA/mgPt) in the RDE tests. The final maximum power density of the optimum catalyst is 525.68 mW/cm2, which is 305.52 mW/cm2 higher than that of commercial Pt/C after undergoing the AST during the MEA measurements. These results prove that the rational surface features of carbon supports play a vital role in improving the overall fuel cell performance by realizing uniform dispersion of Pt nanoparticles, resisting corrosion, and reinforcing metal–support interactions.
Hemorrhagic Ligamentum Flavum Cyst Associated with Adjacent Bone Erosion: an Uncommon Subtype of Juxta-Facet Cyst—a Case Presentation
Authors: Papadimitriou Kyriakos , Dalaqua Mariana , Simonin Alexandre , Fournier Jean-Yves , Huscher Karen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLigamentum flavum cyst of the lumbar spine has seldom been described. The mechanism of formation of these cysts remains unknown, but it is thought to be part of the degenerative process. Although they are clearly visible on imaging studies, these cysts are frequently wrongly diagnosed as ganglion or synovial cysts. Bone erosion is rarely associated with this pathology. Most common symptom is back and radicular pain due to nerve root compression. We report a case of ligamentum flavum cyst associated with bone remodeling presented with back and radicular pain. It was correctly diagnosed pre-operatively and treated surgically with satisfactory clinical outcome.
Young Woman with Sudden-Onset Neck Pain and Quadriplegia: a Case Report
Authors: Ota Koshi , Ogawa Shoji , Fujii Kensuke , Oishi Yasuo , Oka Masahiro , Onishi Naoya , Ota Kanna , Sano Yohei , Yokoyama Hiroki , Takasu Akira 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Sudden-onset quadriplegia is a neurologic emergency that requires immediate management. Anterior spinal artery syndrome (ASAS) is rare, but can cause sudden-onset quadriplegia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an essential imaging modality for diagnosing ASAS.

Case Presentation
A 31-year-old woman without previous medical history was transferred to our facility for further workup of sudden-onset neck pain with quadriplegia. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) revealed hyperintense signals predominantly in grey matter with a decreased apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). These findings strongly suggested ASAS with spinal cord infarction. Edaravone, heparin, and aspirin with steroid pulse therapy were immediately initiated. Twelve days in an intensive care unit was required for dyspnea. Symptoms gradually resolved with rehabilitation, but the patient was wheelchair-bound without bladder control and was transferred to a rehabilitation facility on hospital day 48.

Conclusion
A combination of DWI with ADC mapping of the spine should proceed as soon as possible to ensure appropriate management. Early treatment with edaravone, aspirin, and steroid pulse therapy may prove beneficial for ASAS.
A multi-response optimization of the multi-directional forging process for aluminium 7075 alloy using grey-based taguchi method
Authors: Obara C. , Mwema F. M. , Keraita J. N. , Shagwira H. , Obiko J. O. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe multi-directional forging process of aluminium alloy 7075 (AA 7075) is studied using Deform 3D Version 11.0 simulation software. This process results in grain refinement in the bulk material. The 7075 aluminium alloy is used widely in the aerospace and automobile industries. Thermomechanical processing affects the mechanical properties of this alloy. This study focuses on optimising process parameters that affect the multi-directional forging using simulation. In the Taguchi design of experiment, four-factors and five levels are selected. The process input parameters considered are temperature, the strain per pass, the plunger speed, and the friction coefficient (μ). From Taguchi’s orthogonal array, forging simulations are undertaken and analysed. The significance of the process output parameters: material damage, stress and strain are analysed by analysis of variance. The results show that the friction coefficient and strain per pass highly affect the stress/strain distribution. Grey relational analysis is adopted to determine the optimum process parameters. The results show that the optimal combination of parameters is: temperature (200 °C), plunger speed (5 mm/s), friction coefficient (0.6), and strain per pass (0.6). Confirmation of simulation is carried out using the optimum input parameters. From the simulation results, the grey relational grade's optimal parameters have the highest maximum effective strain of 5.57, maximum effective stress of 665 MPa, and maximum damage of 0.416 compared to other simulated results.
A deep learning based approach for trajectory estimation using geographically clustered data
Authors: Shrivastava Aditya , Verma Jai Prakash V , Jain Swati , Garg Sanjay 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study presents a novel approach to predict a complete source to destination trajectory of a vehicle using a partial trajectory query. The proposed architecture is scalable to extremely large-scale data with respect to the dense road network. A deep learning model Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) has been used for analyzing the temporal data and predicting the complete trajectory. To handle a large amount of data, clustering of similar trajectory data is used that helps in reducing the search space. The clusters based on geographical locations and temporal values are used for training different LSTM models. The proposed approach is compared with the other published work on the parameters as Average distance error and one step prediction accuracy The one-step prediction accuracy is as good as 81% and Distance error are .33 Km. Our proposed approach termed Clustered LSTM is outperforming in both the parameters when compared with other reported results. The proposed solution is a clustering-based predictive model that effectively contributes to accurately handle the large scale data. The outcome of this study leads to improvise the navigation systems, route prediction, traffic management, and location-based recommendation systems.
Gesture commands for controlling high-level UAV behavior
Authors: Akagi John , Morris T. Devon , Moon Brady , Chen Xingguang , Peterson Cameron K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Directing groups of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) is a task that typically requires the full attention of several operators. This can be prohibitive in situations where an operator must pay attention to their surroundings. In this paper we present a gesture device that assists operators in commanding UAVs in focus-constrained environments. The operator influences the UAVs’ behavior by using intuitive hand gesture movements. Gestures are captured using an accelerometer and gyroscope and then classified using a logistic regression model. Ten gestures were chosen to provide behaviors for a group of fixed-wing UAVs. These behaviors specified various searching, following, and tracking patterns that could be used in a dynamic environment. A novel variant of the Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm was developed to autonomously plan the paths of the cooperating UAVs. These autonomy algorithms were executed when their corresponding gesture was recognized by the gesture device. The gesture device was trained to classify the ten gestures and accurately identified them 95% of the time. Each of the behaviors associated with the gestures was tested in hardware-in-the-loop simulations and the ability to dynamically switch between them was demonstrated. The results show that the system can be used as a natural interface to assist an operator in directing a fleet of UAVs.

Article highlights

A gesture device was created that enables operators to command a group of UAVs in focus-constrained environments.

Each gesture triggers high-level commands that direct a UAV group to execute complex behaviors.

Software simulations and hardware-in-the-loop testing shows the device is effective in directing UAV groups.
Energy properties of bamboo biomass and mate co-products
Authors: Rusch Fernando , de Abreu Neto Raul , de Moraes Lúcio Danielle , Hillig Éverton 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fossil fuels are being replaced by clean energy sources. Lignocellulosic biomass is considered an eco-friendly alternative, as it is a renewable raw material with high energy potential. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the biomass energy properties of three bamboo species and mate. Thus, three species of bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris Var. Vittata, Dendrocalamus asper and Phyllostachys aurea) and Ilex paraguariensis co-products (branches and sticks) were performed. The particle size, basic density, moisture content volatiles content, ashes content, fix carbon, gross and net calorific value and energy density of these biomasses were evaluated. The biomasses analyzed here were considered suitable for energy purposes, in general, these presented volatile content between 75 and 85 %, fixed carbon content between 15 and 25% and ash content close to 1%. Average fix carbon content of all analyzed biomass was 16.13%. Ash content of Phyllostachys aurea, branches of Ilex paraguariensis and Dendrocalamus asper presented lower values, average of 1.63%. Bambusa vulgaris and Ilex paraguariensis sticks presented higher values, average of 2.65%. Phyllostachys aurea presented gross calorific value higher than, average of 19.35 MJ kg− 1. Bambusa vulgaris, Dendrocalamus asper, Ilex paraguariensis branches and sticks presented statistically equal values. Bambusa vulgaris, Dendrocalamus asper, Phyllostachys aurea showed net calorific value higher to the other analyzed materials and did not present statistical difference. Basic energy density of Phyllostachys aurea was higher to bamboo species. Ilex paraguariensis showed the lowest values with no statistical difference for branches and sticks.

Article highlights

Knowledge of biomass properties enables the use of residues in bioenergy production as an eco-friendly alternative.

Bamboo and Mate co-products have desirable characteristics and potential to produce bioenergy.

The energetic performance of bamboo biomass was superior when compared to the branches and sticks of Ilex paraguariensis.