bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐Dimensional Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Nanosheet Electrodes for Enhanced Electrical Conductivity toward Stable and High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Minseop , Kim Min‐Sung , Oh Jae‐Min , Park Jin Kuen , Paek Seung‐Min 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover are the groups of Jae‐Min Oh, Jin Kuen Park, and Seung‐Min Paek at three different universities in South Korea. The image shows how the supramolecular interaction between two different two‐dimensional materials can control the electrical storage properties for a sodium‐ion battery. The Full Paper itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202100545.
Hydrogenative Depolymerization of Polyurethanes Catalyzed by a Manganese Pincer Complex
Authors: Zubar Viktoriia , Haedler Andreas T. , Schütte Markus , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schaub Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChemical recycling, in particular hydrogenative depolymerization, offers a promising way to utilize plastic waste. This report covers the manganese‐catalyzed hydrogenation of polyurethane materials to the corresponding monomeric units. The key to success is a Mn pincer complex as a potent hydrogenation catalyst in combination with elevated temperatures (up to 200 °C) and appropriate solvents to ensure sufficient solubility of the polymers. A wide range of polyurethane samples of varying polyol and isocyanate compositions, some of which feature significant amounts of urea functionalities, are depolymerized, releasing polyetherols and diaminotoluene (TDA) in yields of up to 89 % and 76 %, respectively.
Deriving within‐person estimates of delta‐beta coupling: A novel measure for identifying individual differences in emotion and neural function in childhood
Authors: Brooker Rebecca J. , Mistry‐Patel Sejal , Kling Jennifer L. , Howe Holly A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDelta‐beta coupling is increasingly used to understand early emotional development. However, little is known about the development of the coupling, limiting its utility for identifying normative or aberrant functioning. We used a prospective longitudinal sample (N = 122) to compare measures of within‐person and between‐person coupling between ages 3 and 5, track the developmental trajectory of coupling, identify individual differences in patterns of development, and explore emotion‐related predictors and outcomes of discrete developmental patterns. Within‐person measures, limited in overall utility, were most useful when (1) statistical approaches produced more homogenous groups within the overall sample (extreme groups or latent classes) or (2) the full developmental course was considered. We found two trajectories of change in frontal coupling and three trajectories of change in parietal coupling. Coupling trajectories were predicted by observed fear and approach/avoidance at age 3. In addition, high levels of frontal coupling at age 3 that declined and then levelled out through age 5 were associated with lower levels of internalizing by age 5. This work provides a foundation for understanding normative change in delta‐beta coupling across the preschool years and useful insight for the use of this metric in future work.
Random fields on the hypertorus: Covariance modeling and applications
Authors: Porcu Emilio , White Philip A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article gives a comprehensive theoretical framework to the modeling, inference, and applications of Gaussian random fields using what we term the hypertorus as an index set. The hypertorus is obtained through a product of hyperspheres. We envision the following as appropriate settings for random fields on the hypertorus: continuous‐time data with multiple sources of seasonality, directional data with seasonality or over the globe, and global spatiotemporal data with temporal seasonality. We propose modeling strategies for such data through covariance structures over the hypertorus. We develop various families of covariance functions over the hypertorus and discuss how to construct random fields using these covariance functions. We show the utility of our findings on three datasets. Our first example is a dataset of ozone concentrations from Mexico City that exhibits multiple sources of seasonality. Our second dataset is a wind speed dataset, where the data show daily seasonality and are indexed by wind direction. Our third illustration considers a global space‐time dataset of cloud coverage, demonstrating strong seasonality. In all analyses, we compare the predictive performance of random fields specified through various covariance structures and examine the results of the best predictive model.
Doublecortin‐like expressing astrocytes of the suprachiasmatic nucleus are implicated in the biosynthesis of vasopressin and influences circadian rhythms
Authors: Coomans Claudia , Saaltink Dirk‐Jan , Deboer Tom , Tersteeg Mayke , Lanooij Suzanne , Schneider Anne Fleur , Mulder Aat , van Minnen Jan , Jost Carolina , Koster Abraham J. , Vreugdenhil Erno 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe have recently identified a novel plasticity protein, doublecortin‐like (DCL), that is specifically expressed in the shell of the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). DCL is implicated in neuroplastic events, such as neurogenesis, that require structural rearrangements of the microtubule cytoskeleton, enabling dynamic movements of cell bodies and dendrites. We have inspected DCL expression in the SCN by confocal microscopy and found that DCL is expressed in GABA transporter‐3 (GAT3)‐positive astrocytes that envelope arginine vasopressin (AVP)‐expressing cells. To investigate the role of these DCL‐positive astrocytes in circadian rhythmicity, we have used transgenic mice expressing doxycycline‐induced short‐hairpin (sh) RNA's targeting DCL mRNA (DCL knockdown mice). Compared with littermate wild type (WT) controls, DCL‐knockdown mice exhibit significant shorter circadian rest‐activity periods in constant darkness and adjusted significantly faster to a jet‐lag protocol. As DCL‐positive astrocytes are closely associated with AVP‐positive cells, we analyzed AVP expression in DCL‐knockdown mice and in their WT littermates by 3D reconstructions and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We found significantly higher numbers of AVP‐positive cells with increased volume and more intensity in DCL‐knockdown mice. We found alterations in the numbers of dense core vesicle‐containing neurons at ZT8 and ZT20 suggesting that the peak and trough of neuropeptide biosynthesis is dampened in DCL‐knockdown mice compared to WT littermates. Together, our data suggest an important role for the astrocytic plasticity in the regulation of circadian rhythms and point to the existence of a specific DCL+ astrocyte‐AVP+ neuronal network located in the dorsal SCN implicated in AVP biosynthesis.
Meta‐analysis on continuous nerve monitoring in thyroidectomies
Authors: Ku Dominic , Hui Michelle , Cheung Phylannie , Chow Oliver , Smith Mark , Riffat Faruque , Sritharan Niranjan , Kamani Dipti , Randolph Gregory 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the last decade, the introduction of continuous intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) monitoring (C‐IONM) has enabled the operator to verify the functional integrity of the vagus nerve–recurrent laryngeal nerve (VN‐RLN) axis in real‐time. We aim to present the current evidence on C‐IONM utility for thyroid surgery by conducting the first meta‐analysis on this technique. A systematic review of literature was conducted by two independent reviewers via Ovid in the Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane reviews databases. The search was limited to human subject research in peer‐reviewed articles of all languages published between Jan 1946 and April 2020. Medical subject headings (MeSH) terms utilized were thyroid surgery, thyroidectomies, recurrent laryngeal nerve, vagal nerve, monitor, and stimulation. Thirty‐eight papers were identified from Ovid, another six papers were identified by hand‐search. A random effect meta‐analysis was performed with assessment of heterogeneity using the I2 value. A total of 23 papers that investigated the use of continuous vagal nerve monitoring during thyroid surgery were identified. The proportion of nerves at risk (NAR) with temporary RLN paralysis postoperation was 2.26% (95% CI: 1.6–2.9, I2 = 37). The proportion of NAR with permanent RLN palsy postoperation was 0.05% (95% CI: 0.08–0.2, I2 = 0). In this meta‐analysis, there is one case of temporary vagal nerve paralysis secondary to VN electrode dislodgement, and a case of hemodynamic instability manifested in bradycardia and hypotension in the initial phase of surgery shortly after calibration. C‐IONM is a safe and effective means by which RLN paralyses in thyroid surgery can be reduced.
Neonatal anoxia increases nociceptive response in rats: Sex differences and lumbar spinal cord and insula alterations
Authors: Helou Ammir Yacoub , Martins Daniel Oliveira , Arruda Bruna Petrucelli , de Souza Matheus Cerussi , Cruz‐Ochoa Natalia Andrea , Nogueira Maria Inês , Chacur Marucia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeonatal anoxia is a well‐known world health problem that results in neurodevelopmental deficits, such as sensory alterations that are observed in patients with cerebral palsy and autism disorder, for which oxygen deprivation is a risk factor. Nociceptive response, as part of the sensory system, has been reported as altered in these patients. To determine whether neonatal oxygen deprivation alters nociceptive sensitivity and promotes medium‐ and long‐term inflammatory feedback in the central nervous system, Wistar rats of around 30 h old were submitted to anoxia (100% nitrogen flux for 25 min) and evaluated on PND23 (postpartum day) and PND90. The nociceptive response was assessed by mechanical, thermal, and tactile tests in the early postnatal and adulthood periods. The lumbar spinal cord (SC, L4–L6) motor neurons (MNs) and the posterior insular cortex neurons were counted and compared with their respective controls after anoxia. In addition, we evaluated the possible effect of anoxia on the expression of astrocytes in the SC at adulthood. The results showed increased nociceptive responses in both males and females submitted to anoxia, although these responses were different according to the nociceptive stimulus. A decrease in MNs in adult anoxiated females and an upregulation of GFAP expression in the SC were observed. In the insular cortex, a decrease in the number of cells of anoxiated males was observed in the neonatal period. Our findings suggest that oxygen‐deprived nervous systems in rats may affect their response at the sensorimotor pathways and respective controlling centers with sex differences, which were related to the used stimulus.
Developmental morphological analyses on the preglottal salivary gland in Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica)
Authors: Khalifa Mahmoud Osman , Abd‐Elkareem Mahmoud , Gaber Wafaa , Li Tao‐Sheng , Saleh Abdelmohaimen Mostafa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo understand the development of the mucous preglottal salivary gland in Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail), morphological and histochemical studies were performed on 20 healthy Japanese quail embryos (aging from 10th to 17th incubation days) and 25 healthy quail chicks (aging from 0th to 60th days). The primordia of preglottal salivary gland were observed as an epithelial bud at the early embryonic stage, which then elongated and differentiated into secretory units by the end of this stage. In Japanese quails, the preglottal salivary gland was a mucous polystomatic tubuloalveolar unpaired gland composed of two lateral portions and a middle one embedded into the submucosa of the lingual root. The gland openings accompanied taste pore (8.17 μm) of taste buds associated salivary glands type; some skeletal muscle fibers embedded among secretory lobules extended from muscle cricohyoideus at 14th day‐old quail chick. Also, both herbts corpuscles and secretory motor plexus could be detected among secretory lobules. Based on our investigations, the development of the preglottal salivary gland could clearly be distinguished in the embryonic stage into pre bud and bud stages at 10th day old, cord and branching stages ended by cavitation at 11th day old, canalization stage at 13th day old, lobulation and secretory stages by the 17th day old. The secretory materials showed different histochemical reactions ended with highly alcinophilic mucous indicated highly sialomucin (acidic) content. Myoepithelial cells could be demonstrated at a 17‐day old quail embryo and thereafter surrounded the secretory endpieces of the preglottal salivary gland.
Reducing nitrate leaching losses from turfgrass fertilization of residential lawns
Authors: Côté Laura , Grégoire Guillaume 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFertilizer applications on lawns have raised environmental concerns in many Canadian municipalities. In this greenhouse study, NO3–N leaching losses from Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) lawns were evaluated on two soils (a schist loam and a clay loam) and on a sand/peat moss rootzone mix (80% sand, 20% peat moss). Eight different fertilizer N sources (urea, Polyon 8 and 12‐wk release, Duration 45 and 90‐d release, XCU, corn gluten meal, and UFLEXX) were assessed at five application rates (25–200 kg N ha–1 yr–1) and two application frequencies over two 8‐wk trials. Average NO3–N concentration in leachate were measured at levels of 3.5, 7.4, and 1.4 mg L–1 from turf grown in loam, clay, and sand respectively, but losses from loam and clay were mostly affected by N mineralization from organic matter. Turf fertilized with rates ≥100 kg N ha–1 generally resulted in acceptable visual quality on both soils, but coated‐urea fertilizers were more efficient to reduce leaching. In sand, UFLEXX and urea (150 and 200 kg N ha–1) as well as XCU (200 kg N ha–1) resulted in higher NO3–N losses, varying from 8.5 to 23.7 mg L–1, and losses from other N sources were consistently below 3 mg L–1. Our results show that it is possible to maintain good quality turfgrass while keeping low NO3–N leaching losses (i.e., <4 mg L–1) in loam, clay, and sand by selecting the ideal combination of N source, N rate, and application frequency.
Quantification of protein cargo loading into engineered extracellular vesicles at single‐vesicle and single‐molecule resolution
Authors: Silva Andreia M. , Lázaro‐Ibáñez Elisa , Gunnarsson Anders , Dhande Aditya , Daaboul George , Peacock Ben , Osteikoetxea Xabier , Salmond Nikki , Friis Kristina Pagh , Shatnyeva Olga , Dekker Niek 
Published: August 2021

AbstractExtracellular Vesicles (EVs) have been intensively explored for therapeutic delivery of proteins. However, methods to quantify cargo proteins loaded into engineered EVs are lacking. Here, we describe a workflow for EV analysis at the single‐vesicle and single‐molecule level to accurately quantify the efficiency of different EV‐sorting proteins in promoting cargo loading into EVs. Expi293F cells were engineered to express EV‐sorting proteins fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP). High levels of GFP loading into secreted EVs was confirmed by Western blotting for specific EV‐sorting domains, but quantitative single‐vesicle analysis by Nanoflow cytometry detected GFP in less than half of the particles analysed, reflecting EV heterogeneity. Anti‐tetraspanin EV immunostaining in ExoView confirmed a heterogeneous GFP distribution in distinct subpopulations of CD63+, CD81+, or CD9+ EVs. Loading of GFP into individual vesicles was quantified by Single‐Molecule Localization Microscopy. The combined results demonstrated TSPAN14, CD63 and CD63/CD81 fused to the PDGFRβ transmembrane domain as the most efficient EV‐sorting proteins, accumulating on average 50–170 single GFP molecules per vesicle. In conclusion, we validated a set of complementary techniques suitable for high‐resolution analysis of EV preparations that reliably capture their heterogeneity, and propose highly efficient EV‐sorting proteins to be used in EV engineering applications.
Food restriction during development delays puberty but does not affect adult seasonal reproductive responses to food availability in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus)
Authors: Bailey Allison M. , Hall Carlisha A. , Legan Sandra J. , Demas Gregory E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSeasonally breeding animals respond to environmental cues to determine optimal conditions for reproduction. Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) primarily rely on photoperiod as a predictive cue of future energy availability. When raised in long‐day photoperiods (>14 h light), supplemental cues such as food availability typically do not trigger the seasonal reproductive response of gonadal regression, which curtails reproduction in unsuitable environments. We investigated whether recognition of food availability as a cue could be altered by a nutritional challenge during development. Specifically, we predicted that hamsters receiving restricted food during development would be sensitized to food restriction (FR) as adults and undergo gonadal regression in response. Male and female hamsters were given either ad libitum (AL) food or FR from weaning until d60. The FR treatment predictably limited growth and delayed puberty in both sexes. For 5 weeks after d60, all hamsters received an AL diet to allow FR hamsters to gain mass equal to AL hamsters. Then, adult hamsters of both juvenile groups received either AL or FR for 6 weeks. Juvenile FR had lasting impacts on adult male body mass and food intake. Adult FR females exhibited decreased estrous cycling and uterine horn mass indiscriminately of juvenile food treatment, but there was little effect on male reproductive measurements. Overall, we observed a delay in puberty in response to postweaning FR, but this delay appeared not to affect seasonal reproductive responses in the long term. These findings increase our understanding of seasonal reproductive responses in a relevant environmental context.
Genomic profiling of intestinal/mixed‐type superficial non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors
Authors: Miyamoto Shuichi , Suda Goki , Ishikawa Marin , Hayashi Hideyuki , Nimura Satoshi , Matsuno Yoshihiro , Mori Ryo , Tanishima Shigeki , Kudo Takahiko , Takagi Tomofumi , Yamamoto Yoshiya , Ono Shoko , Shimizu Yuichi , Sakamoto Naoya 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimThe mechanism underlying carcinogenesis and the genomic features of superficial non‐ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (SNADETs) have not been elucidated in detail. In this study, we examined the genomic features of incipient SNADETs, such as small lesions resected via endoscopic treatment, using next‐generation sequencing (NGS).MethodsTwenty consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic treatment for SNADETs of less than 20 mm between January and December 2017 were enrolled. Targeted genomic sequencing was performed through NGS using a panel of 160 cancer‐related genes. Furthermore, the alteration/mutation frequencies in SNADETs were examined.ResultsThe maximum size of the SNADETs examined in this study was 12 mm in diameter. Five SNADETs were classified as low‐grade dysplasia (LGD) tumors, while 14 SNADETs were classified as high‐grade dysplasia tumors. Only one carcinoma in situ was detected. NGS data for 16 samples were obtained. APC alterations were detected in 81% of samples (13/16). KRAS, BRAF, and TP53 alterations were detected in 25% (4/16), 18.8% (3/16), and 6.3% (1/16) of cases, respectively.ConclusionWe detected APC alterations in most small SNADETs resected via endoscopic treatment, from LGD to carcinoma samples. Even in SNADETs classified as small LGD exhibited KRAS and BRAF alterations.
A decade of surface meteorology and radiation fluxes at Brewster Glacier in the Southern Alps of New Zealand
Authors: Abrahim Bibi Nariefa , Cullen Nicolas James , Conway Jonathan Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigh‐altitude observations of mountain meteorology remain extremely rare in the Southern Alps despite their importance for detecting changes in seasonal snow and glacier extent. To address this, we present a unique in situ analysis of surface meteorology, including radiative forcing from clouds, using automatic weather station data obtained near the terminus of Brewster Glacier in the Southern Alps of New Zealand over the period 2010–2020. The average air temperature is 2.1°C at an altitude of 1,650 m above sea level, and seasonal cycles of surface temperature and albedo indicate the automatic weather station (AWS) site is typically snow‐covered between June and November. Snowfall can occur anytime of the year, but rainfall accounts for more than half of the total precipitation (56%). In the absence of strong gradient airflow, a katabatic wind often develops on the glacier, which is strongest at night time and early morning. Partly cloudy conditions are most frequent (43%) at a daily time scale, followed by overcast (34%) and clear‐sky conditions (23%). A distinct diurnal and seasonal cycle of cloud cover is observed, with clouds most frequent in the afternoon during spring. Daily clear‐sky conditions are most common during winter, in particular in June, while the atmospheric transmission of shortwave radiation is lowest in summer. For 4 months of the year (May–August), the increase in incoming longwave radiation by clouds exceeds the decrease in incoming shortwave radiation. Interannual extremes in melt on Brewster Glacier cannot be fully attributed to summer air temperature anomalies and future work should seek to examine the influence of clouds and atmospheric moisture fluxes on seasonal mass balance variations.
Perceptions about reality undermine collective thinking
Authors: Schultz John R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe live in a world where differing individual views can challenge civil discourse and the ability to solve problems collectively. Frustrated individuals can become grousing skeptics that display obsessive and troublesome behaviors, using the argument that “perception is reality” as a stick to beat others into accepting their version of events. How can this outcome be avoided? Based on over 50 years' experience, as a technical service manager, a Management Consultant, a Program Director with Madison College, and an Instructor with the University of Wisconsin Madison, this article examines failures in collective thinking and how to avoid them. It offers some practical guidance on strategies and techniques that can be used to avoid gridlock and counter‐productive conflicts, and instead embrace conflict as a method to increase creativity.