bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iterative model predictions for wildlife populations impacted by rapid climate change
Authors: Marolla Filippo , Henden John‐André , Fuglei Eva , Pedersen Åshild Ø. , Itkin Mikhail , Ims Rolf A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTo improve understanding and management of the consequences of current rapid environmental change, ecologists advocate using long‐term monitoring data series to generate iterative near‐term predictions of ecosystem responses. This approach allows scientific evidence to increase rapidly and management strategies to be tailored simultaneously. Iterative near‐term forecasting may therefore be particularly useful for adaptive monitoring of ecosystems subjected to rapid climate change. Here, we show how to implement near‐term forecasting in the case of a harvested population of rock ptarmigan in high‐arctic Svalbard, a region subjected to the largest and most rapid climate change on Earth. We fitted state‐space models to ptarmigan counts from point transect distance sampling during 2005–2019 and developed two types of predictions: (1)explanatory predictionsto quantify the effect of potential drivers of ptarmigan population dynamics, and (2)anticipatory predictionsto assess the ability of candidate models of increasing complexity to forecast next‐year population density. Based on the explanatory predictions, we found that a recent increasing trend in the Svalbard rock ptarmigan population can be attributed to major changes in winter climate. Currently, a strong positive effect of increasing average winter temperature on ptarmigan population growth outweighs the negative impacts of other manifestations of climate change such as rain‐on‐snow events. Moreover, the ptarmigan population may compensate for current harvest levels. Based on the anticipatory predictions, the near‐term forecasting ability of the models improved nonlinearly with the length of the time series, but yielded good forecasts even based on a short time series. The inclusion of ecological predictors improved forecasts of sharp changes in next‐year population density, demonstrating the value of ecosystem‐based monitoring. Overall, our study illustrates the power of integrating near‐term forecasting in monitoring systems to aid understanding and management of wildlife populations exposed to rapid climate change. We provide recommendations for how to improve this approach.
Prevalence of xerostomia in patients on haemodialysis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: M Nanditha Kumar , K. N. Raghavendra Swamy , H. M. Thippeswamy , Kamath Giridhar , D Devananda 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeHaemodialysis is the most popular procedure of treating end‐stage renal disease. But patients on haemodialysis report various symptoms including xerostomia that add to the physical as well as the psychological stress. Xerostomia is also considered to be one of the factors for interdialytic weight gain. This systematic review aims to find out the prevalence of xerostomia in patients on haemodialysis. The results would help the nephrologists to consider xerostomia, treat it appropriately and minimise the risks during haemodialysis.MethodsThe search strategy was in line with the PRISMA guidelines. An online literature search of databases like PUBMED, SCOPUS, Wiley Online Library and the Cochrane library along with journal hand searches and scanning of references was done. The relevant articles were identified based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Full‐text articles were obtained and scrutinised. Risk of bias assessment was carried out for the included articles.ResultsFour articles satisfying the inclusion criteria were finalised. The pooled prevalence of xerostomia in patients on haemodialysis was 52.3%. The assessment of risk bias placed the articles at low risk.ConclusionWith the limited number and variations of studies, the prevalence of xerostomia in haemodialysis patients was high. Ideal management approaches could be proposed if many more accurate estimates of prevalence of xerostomia in patients on haemodialysis are recorded in future.
Nutritive value and in vitro methane production of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu under fixed time or variable stocking cycles
Authors: Morais Moura André , Ribeiro Tomich Thierry , Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira Luiz , Sávio Campos Paciullo Domingos , de Miranda Gomide Carlos Augusto , Carlos Gonçalves Lucio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, digestibility, gas production kinetics and in vitro methane (CH4) production of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu under two stocking methods over three consecutive stocking cycles. The stocking methods were (1) a fixed‐time stocking cycle of 33 days (33‐SC) with a 30‐day rest period and a 3‐day grazing period, and (2) a variable stocking cycle, with the end of the rest period when the canopy intercepted 95% of the light and a 3‐day grazing period (95‐LI). The average rest period was 24.5‐day (standard deviation of 5.2‐day) for 95‐LI. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) was higher (p < .01) for 95‐LI (646 g/kg) relative to 33‐SC (628 g/kg). Crude protein concentration was higher (p < .01) for 95‐LI (154 g/kg) relative to 33‐SC (136 g/kg). The ADF (303 g/kg DM) and aNDF (623 g/kg) were higher (p < .01) for 33‐SC compared to 95‐LI (287 and 605 g/kg respectively). The gas production potential from non‐fibrous carbohydrates was 9.4% higher for 33‐SC. The in vitro CH4 production per unit of degraded dry matter (DDM) was higher (p < .01) for 33‐SC (19.9 CH4 ml/g), compared to 95‐LI (17.9 CH4 ml/g). The 33‐SC management resulted in rest periods that were too long for the time needed for optimal regrowth. The variable SC based on the 95‐LI was more favourable, because it resulted in maximum yield of dry matter with improved forage nutritive value, while decreasing CH4 yield.
Association of drugs with special caution in the guidelines with falls: A case–control and case–crossover study in Japan
Authors: Ishibashi Yoshiki , Nishitani Rie , Kato Takashi , Chiba Sahoko , Ashidate Keiko , Ishiwata Nobuo , Ichijo Tomoyasu , Sasabe Masataka 
Published: January 2021

AimTo determine the relationship between multiple medications and falls.MethodsThis case–control and case–crossover study was carried out at Kudanzaka Hospital in Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan. A total of 325 patients who experienced their first falls when hospitalized between January 2016 and November 2018, and 1285 controls matched by sex, age and clinical departments were included in this study. Hospitalization duration and fall risk score were adjusted for in the analyses.ResultsIn the case–control study, multivariable logistic regression showed that increasing the intake of oral medications was not significantly associated with the incidence of falls (odds ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.998–1.049). In contrast, drugs prescribed with special caution in accordance with the Elderly Oral Medication Guidelines were significantly associated with falls (odds ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.09–1.26). A similar pattern was observed in the case–crossover analysis. Among the drugs to be prescribed with special caution according to the guidelines, atypical antipsychotics, non‐benzodiazepine hypnotics and magnesium oxide were significantly associated with the risk of falls.ConclusionThe drugs to be prescribed with special caution according to the guidelines were associated with an increased fall risk. The risk of falls in hospitalized older people due to multiple medications varies among medications. Geriatr Gerontol Int ••; ••: ••–•• Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; ••: ••–••.
A Potential New Chalcopyrite Reference Material for LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS Copper Isotope Ratio Measurement
Authors: Bao Zhian , Lv Nan , Chen Kaiyun , Luan Yan , Sun Xiaohui , Zong Chunlei , Yuan Honglin 
Published: January 2021

A new natural chalcopyrite reference material TC1725 is prepared for in situ Cu isotope measurement by femtosecond laser ablation multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (fsLA‐MC‐ICP‐MS). Detailed textural examination and major element determination suggest the TC1725 chalcopyrite grains have no growth rim or zoning. The chalcopyrite grain is homogeneous with respect to Cu isotopes based on a large number of measurements performed by bulk solution nebuliser (SN)‐MC‐ICP‐MS, single‐grain SN‐MC‐ICP‐MS and fsLA‐MC‐ICP‐MS. The traditional bulk isotope analyses by SN‐MC‐ICP‐MS yielded a mean δ65Cu value of −0.06 ± 0.03‰ (2s, n = 132). Randomly selected single chalcopyrite grain of TC1725 determined by SN‐MC‐ICP‐MS without column chromatography gave a mean δ65Cu value of −0.06 ± 0.04‰ (2s, n = 188). The intermediate measurement precision for four measurement sessions was better than 0.04‰ (2s), suggesting TC1725 chalcopyrite is suitable as a microanalysis reference material for Cu isotope measurement. The mean δ65Cu value determined by fsLA‐MC‐ICP‐MS analyses on different individual chalcopyrite mounts and strips was −0.06 ± 0.03‰ (2s, n = 393), consistent with the bulk isotope composition within uncertainty. The recommended mean δ65Cu value for this chalcopyrite reference material is −0.06 ± 0.03‰ (2s, n = 132) as determined by bulk SN‐MC‐ICP‐MS.
Researching gender inequalities in academic labor during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Avoiding common problems and asking different questions
Authors: Pereira Maria do Mar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs the COVID‐19 pandemic unfolds, a growing body of international literature is analyzing the effects of the pandemic on academic labor and, specifically, on gender inequalities in academia. In that literature, much attention has been devoted to comparing the unequal impacts of COVID‐19 on the research activities of women and men, with studies demonstrating that women's research productivity has been disproportionately disrupted, in ways that are likely to have detrimental effects in the short‐ and long‐term. In this paper, I discuss that emerging literature on gender inequalities in pandemic academic productivity. I reflect on the questions asked, the issues centered and the assumptions made within this literature, devoting particular attention to how authors conceptualize academic labor and productivity, on one hand, and gender, on the other. I show that this literature makes major contributions to exposing old and new gender inequalities in academia, but argue that it also risks reproducing some problematic assumptions about gender and about academic work. Discussing those assumptions and their effects, I identify some important questions for us to consider as we expand this literature and deepen our understanding of the complex gendered effects of COVID‐19 on academic labor.
Measurement properties of the Headache Impact Test (HIT‐6™ Brazil) in primary and secondary headaches
Authors: Pradela Juliana , Bevilaqua‐Grossi Débora , Chaves Thais C. , Dach Fabiola , Carvalho Gabriela F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Headache Impact Test‐6™ is a widely recommended questionnaire to evaluate the impact of headaches. However, its measurement properties were never evaluated in both primary and secondary headaches, and the Brazilian Portuguese version of the questionnaire was never assessed at all.ObjectiveTo assess the reliability, and structural and construct validity of the Headache Impact Test‐Brazil™ in patients with primary and secondary headaches.MethodsIn total, 132 patients with primary and secondary headaches were included, screened from a headache tertiary clinic. They completed the Headache Impact Test‐Brazil™ questionnaire, the 12‐Item Short‐Form Survey (SF‐12), and the Headache Disability Inventory—Brazil. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed among the three questionnaires for validity assessment. One to three weeks after the first application, the Headache Impact Test‐Brazil™ was answered again by 67 patients for reliability assessment.ResultsThe validity sample consisted of 86/132 (65.1%) patients with primary and 46/132 (34.9%) secondary headaches, with mean age of 39.6 (SD: 12.7) years. The reliability sample consisted of 39/67 (58.2%) patients with primary and 28/67 (41.8%) secondary headaches, with mean age of 36.8 (12.5) years. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, the Headache Impact Test‐Brazil™ consists of single factor. Its internal consistency was α = 0.97 and the question number 3 had the lowest factor loading (0.31). The Headache Impact Test‐Brazil™ exhibited a moderate correlation with both the SF‐12 questionnaire (r = −0.64, 95%CI: −0.72 to −0.52, p = 0.001) and the Headache Disability Inventory‐Brazil (r = 0.67, 95%CI: 0.56 to 0.75, p = 0.001). The correlation between the Headache Impact Test‐Brazil™ and the headache frequency was weak (r = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.04 to 0.39, p = 0.001), and with the headache intensity, moderate (r = 0.44, 95%CI: 0.23 to 0.62, p = 0.001). The Headache Impact Test‐Brazil™ test–retest reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.95) with a standard error of 1.58 and a smallest detectable change of 4.38 points.ConclusionThe Headache Impact Test‐6‐Brazil™ can be considered as a valid and reliable tool to assess the impact of several headache types. Future studies may revise the questionnaire items to confirm its redundancy.
Hypertension: A new safety risk for patients treated with erenumab
Authors: Saely Suprat , Croteau David , Jawidzik Laura , Brinker Allen , Kortepeter Cindy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and analyze postmarketing case reports of elevated blood pressure (BP) associated with erenumab use.MethodsA retrospective analysis of postmarketing (spontaneous) case reports of erenumab‐associated elevated BP submitted to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System from May 17, 2018 through April 30, 2020. A case of elevated BP was defined as (a) an initiation of a pharmacological intervention or emergency department visit or hospitalization for emergent de novo or worsening of preexisting hypertension, or (b) BP measurement of ≥140 mm Hg systolic or ≥90 mm Hg diastolic with or without baseline BP measurement reported. Reports of elevated BP associated with erenumab use were analyzed for baseline and demographic information, latency, drug‐event causal association, and clinical outcome.ResultsSixty‐one cases of elevated BP were identified, 86% (49/57) were women and the median age was 56 [range 24–88] years. Forty‐one cases were associated with a serious outcome per regulatory criteria, including seven that specified hospitalization. No case reported an outcome of death. The median systolic BP increase was 39 (interquartile range (IQR) 32, 59) mm Hg and median diastolic BP increase was 28 (IQR 18, 41) mm Hg. A total of 27/61 (44%) cases reported treatment for elevated BP (i.e., pharmacologic intervention or emergency department visit/hospitalization). Elevated BP occurred most frequently (28/61, 46%) within a week of the first dose of erenumab. Nineteen cases (19/61, 31%) reported a history of preexisting hypertension.ConclusionsThis case series suggest an association between elevated BP and use of erenumab. In light of our findings, the erenumab (Aimovig) prescribing information was amended to include hypertension in the Warnings and Precautions section.
Living beyond the limitation: Rehabilitation, life and productivity of individuals with schizophrenia in South‐West Nigeria
Authors: Oyelade Oyeyemi Olajumoke , Nkosi‐Mafutha Nokuthula Gloria 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionSchizophrenia, the most chronic and stigmatized form of mental illness, can be described as a brain disorder that affects an individual's cognition. Individuals with schizophrenia exhibit socially unacceptable symptoms that affect their psychosocial lives. They suffer from reduced productivity due to the debilitating effect of the illness, and the negative symptoms impede their employability; such symptoms and effects aggravate the stigma around mental illness. However, when rehabilitation is successfully achieved, so is productivity, and this decreases the associated stigma. Thus, this study describes the rehabilitation experiences and productivity of individuals with schizophrenia in South‐West Nigeria.Methods and analysisA descriptive qualitative approach with semi‐structured interviews was used to gather information from mental health service users. The discharged users in this study received in‐hospital or outpatient rehabilitation care at four outpatient units within two specialist mental health‐care facilities in South‐West Nigeria. These facilities offer vocational training and rehabilitation services for individuals with schizophrenia. Twenty‐nine mental health service users were interviewed. The data from the interviews were independently analysed by two researchers through a content analysis approach using NVIVO version 11. The researchers compared the results of the analysis and reached an agreement on the conclusion.Findings and recommendationsThe rehabilitation services availed by patients in the research setting are of three types. Some attend occupational rehabilitation to learn a trade; they depend on professionals for the choice of skill but at a cost that is not affordable to many. Some stay in rehabilitation units linked to the hospital, rendering their services at a cost, and their living expenses and skill acquisition processes are based on the remuneration they get from the services rendered to the institution. Others depend on their family members' efforts to afford rehabilitation services but set up on job by family or employed in family business. The mental health service users in this study who offered their services to the institutions were able to make informed decisions and showed better performance with their chosen occupation than those who depended on their family or health professionals for the choice of rehabilitation service or vocational career. Therefore, this study concludes that prioritizing mental health facility users' preferences in terms of productive activities (sales, services, vocation) or rehabilitation goals should be encouraged.
Development of a novel gout treatment patient decision aid by patient and physician: A qualitative research study
Authors: Meyappan Meykkumar , Loh Wei Siong Aaron , Tan Li Yen , Tan Sheng Feng Ian , Ho Pey Ying , Poh Yih Jia , Tan Ngiap Chuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundGout treatment is not optimized globally, often due to therapeutic inertia by physicians or poor adherence to urate‐lowering medications by patients. A patient decision aid (PDA) to facilitate shared decision making (SDM) in gout treatment may overcome these physician‐patient barriers.ObjectiveThe study explored the views of physicians and patients on a novel locally designed gout treatment PDA prototype.DesignQualitative descriptive design was used to gather data from in‐depth‐interviews (IDI) and focus group discussions (FGD). Data analysis was via thematic analysis. Emergent themes shaped a revised version of the PDA.Setting and participantsAdult Asian patients with recent acute gout exacerbations and local Primary Care Physicians (PCP) in Singapore were purposefully chosen. 15 patients with gout and 11 PCPs participated across three IDIs and six FGDs, with the investigators exploring their views of a prototype gout treatment PDA.ResultsPatients and physicians generally concurred with the content and design of the PDA prototype. However, while patients preferred fewer treatment details, the PCPs desired more information. Patients preferred the display of statistics, while PCPs felt that numbers were not relevant to patients. The latter were hesitant to include treatment options that were unavailable in primary care. Both stakeholders indicated that they would use the PDA during a consultation. PCPs would need further training in SDM, given a lack of understanding of it.Conclusion and patient contributionPatients will be the prime users of the PDA. While their views differed partially from the physicians, both have jointly developed the novel gout treatment PDA.
Recovery of dung beetle biodiversity and traits in a regenerating rainforest: a case study from Costa Rica's Osa Peninsula
Authors: Whitworth Andrew , Beirne Chris , Flatt Eleanor , Froese Graden , Nuñez Chase , Forsyth Adrian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDung beetles are frequently used to assess tropical biodiversity patterns and recovery in human‐modified forests. We conducted a comprehensive dung beetle survey (coprophagous and necrophagous communities) within five habitat types, across a land‐use gradient, in the ecologically biodiverse Osa Peninsula, located in Costa Rica's south Pacific.In addition to assessing species richness, abundance, and biomass, we also assessed community level traits and species‐specific responses using a generalised joint attribute modelling approach.We found that under favourable conditions (40–50 years of regeneration, close proximity to contiguous old‐growth forest and control of poaching), secondary rainforest recovered similar levels of species richness, and key traits of old‐growth forest dung beetle communities. However, at the community‐level, dung beetle abundance, richness, biomass, and diversity varied between habitat types of different anthropogenic disturbance and land‐use.Generally, the carrion beetle community did not recover as well as the dung beetle community and the abundance of dung beetles was a third lower in naturally regenerating secondary forest compared with old growth. Regenerating secondary growth and plantation forests showed community compositions similar to old growth forests, while open and fragmented habitats had degraded and impoverished levels of dung beetle biodiversity.Overall, the levels of dung‐beetle biodiversity detected are encouraging for naturally regenerating secondary forest, suggesting a high potential value of these areas to buffer the pressure of deforestation and habitat alteration on remaining old‐growth tropical forests.
Cereal β‐glucan: a promising prebiotic polysaccharide and its impact on the gut health
Authors: Shoukat Mahtab , Sorrentino Angela 
Published: January 2021

SummaryRecently, polysaccharides dietary fibres have emerged as promised functional and nutraceutical food ingredients due to their several health boosting properties. Cereal β‐glucan is a water‐soluble, prebiotic and bioactive polysaccharide dietary fibre that has a tendency to play a significant role in health regulation. β‐glucans from cereal sources have a number of unique functional properties, that is higher solubility, viscosity and tendency to completely be fermented by gut microbiota. These functional characteristics show promising positive effects on human health, such as cancer prevention, anti‐inflammatory activity, skin protection, antioxidant, immune modulation and reduction of glycaemia and serum cholesterol. The present review primarily focuses on the prophylactic and therapeutic role of cereal β‐glucans on gut health in terms of its barrier permeability, modulation of gut microbiota, the intestinal immune system and intestinal inflammation, colon cancer protection and short‐chain fatty acids production. Cereal β‐glucans principally perform different biological actions through specific cytokines and hormones regulation.