bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentinel lymph node biopsy versus elective neck dissection in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity with a clinically N0 neck: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Ding Zhangfan , Li Yike , Pan Xun , Xuan Ming , Xie Huixu , Wang Xiaoyi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an emerging strategy for managing early‐stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with a clinically N0 (cN0) neck. However, the role of SLNB in this scenario is debatable. Herein, relevant literature was systematically reviewed, and a meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate the potential dividends of SLNB compared to elective neck dissection (END) for these patients. The meta‐analysis, including six prospective studies, showed comparable results of the two management strategies in terms of regional recurrence (risk ratio [RR] = 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58–1.70), 5‐year disease‐free survival (RR = 0.99; 95% CI, 0.87–1.11), and 5‐year overall survival (RR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.90–1.13). Fewer adverse events occurred in the SLNB arm than in the END arm (RR = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02–0.70). Overall, SLNB results in as favorable an oncologic prognosis for patients with cN0 oral SCC as END, while significantly lessening side effects and unnecessary surgeries.
Analysis of HBsAg Immunocomplexes and cccDNA Activity During and Persisting After NAP‐Based Therapy
Authors: Bazinet Michel , Anderson Mark , Pântea Victor , Placinta Gheorghe , Moscalu Iurie , Cebotarescu Valentin , Cojuhari Lilia , Jimbei Pavlina , Iarovoi Liviu , Smesnoi Valentina , Musteata Tatina , Jucov Alina , Dittmer Ulf , Gersch Jeff , Holzmayer Vera , Kuhns Mary , Cloherty Gavin , Vaillant Andrew 
Published: July 2021

Therapy with nucleic acid polymers (NAPs), tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), and pegylated interferon (pegIFN) achieve high rates of HBsAg loss/seroconversion and functional cure in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. The role of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion and inactivation of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in establishing functional cure were examined. Archived serum from the REP 401 study was analyzed using the Abbott ARCHITECT HBsAg NEXT assay (Chicago, IL), Abbott research use–only assays for HBsAg immune complexes (HBsAg ICs), circulating HBV RNA, and the Fujirebio assay for hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg; Malvern, PA). HBsAg became < 0.005 IU/mL in 23 participants during NAP exposure, which persisted in all participants with functional cure. HBsAg IC declined during lead‐in TDF monotherapy and correlated with minor declines in HBsAg. Following the addition of NAPs and pegIFN, minor HBsAg IC increases (n = 13) or flares (n = 2) during therapy were not correlated with HBsAg decline, hepatitis B surface antibody (anti‐HBs) titers, or alanine aminotransferase. HBsAg IC universally declined during follow‐up in participants with virologic control or functional cure. Universal declines in HBV RNA and HBcrAg during TDF monotherapy continued with NAP + pegIFN regardless of therapeutic outcome. At the end of therapy, HBV RNA was undetectable in only 5 of 14 participants with functional cure but became undetectable after removal of therapy in all participants with functional cure. Undetectable HBV RNA at the end of therapy in 5 participants was followed by relapse to virologic control or viral rebound. Conclusion: Anti‐HBs‐independent mechanisms contribute to HBsAg clearance during NAP therapy. Inactivation of cccDNA does not predict functional cure following NAP‐based therapy; however, functional cure is accompanied by persistent inactivation of cccDNA. Persistent HBsAg loss with functional cure may also reflect reduction/clearance of integrated HBV DNA. Clinicaltrials.org number NCT02565719.
Engagement, satisfaction, retention and behavioural outcomes of linguistically diverse mothers and infants participating in an Australian early obesity prevention trial
Authors: Marshall Sarah , Xu Huilan , Taki Sarah , Laird Yvonne , Love Penelope , Wen Li Ming , Rissel Chris 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly obesity prevention research interventions in Australia generally expect participants to be able to communicate in English, but do not account for other languages. This study aimed to investigate engagement, satisfaction, retention and behavioural outcomes of linguistically diverse participants from a mainstream early childhood obesity prevention trial.MethodsHealthy Beginnings is a nurse‐led intervention based in Sydney, supporting families with optimal infant feeding and active play via telephone. This secondary analysis assessed participant engagement in the nurse telephone calls (call completions), satisfaction and behavioural outcomes (6‐ and 12‐month survey data) and retention (survey completions), in the first year of life according to participants’ language spoken at home (English or other language).ResultsOf 1155 mothers, 533 (46%) spoke a language other than English at home. Significantly fewer mothers speaking a language other than English completed the 6‐month survey (79%) compared to those speaking English (84%), yet mothers speaking a language other than English who completed the program were more satisfied with the program overall. Significantly fewer mothers speaking a language other than English completed the final four nurse calls (of six) (56%‐65%) compared to those speaking English (70%‐80%). Adjusted odds ratios showed selected behavioural outcomes were significantly more positive for participants speaking English at home.ConclusionsHealthy Beginnings trial participants who spoke a language other than English at home had less favourable engagement, retention and behavioural outcomes compared to those who spoke English.So what?Early obesity prevention interventions should consider cultural adaptations to improve engagement and effectiveness among culturally and linguistically diverse families.
The effects of the molecular weight of chitosan on the tissue inflammatory response
Authors: Ribeiro José Carlos Viana , Forte Tereza Cristina Marques , Tavares Samia Jéssica Silva , Andrade Fábia Karine , Vieira Rodrigo Silveira , Lima Vilma 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe molecular weight of chitosan (CS) may affect its physical properties and its ability to induce an appropriate host response. The biocompatibilities of CS membranes of low (LMWCS) and high (HMWCS) molecular weight were investigated by inserting these materials into the subcutaneous tissue of rats for 1–28 days and evaluating leukocyte infiltration, granulation tissue, fibrosis, arginase‐1 immunostaining, as well as nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κΒ) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐2 expressions. Both CS membranes induced a peak of leukocyte infiltration on the first day of insertion and stimulated granulation and fibrous tissue generation when compared to control. LMWCS induced more collagen deposition a week earlier, when compared to the control and HMWCS membrane. The membranes also increased arginase‐1 immunostaining, a M2 macrophage marker. M2 macrophage is recognized as anti‐inflammatory and pro‐regenerative. NF‐κB is an essential biomarker of the inflammatory process and induces the expression of several pro‐inflammatory cytokines. The LMWCS membrane reduced inflammation, as indicated by a reduced nucleus/cytoplasm NF‐κB ratio in surrounding tissue from days 7 to 14 when compared to control. On the first day, the expression of FGF‐2, a biomarker of inflammatory resolution, was increased in the tissue of the LWMCS group, when compared with HMWCS, which was consistent with the type I collagen deposition. Thus, LWMCS was associated with a prior reduction of the inflammatory response and improved wound healing.
Intramolecular interactions play key role in stabilization of pHLIP at acidic conditions
Authors: Frazee Nicolas , Mertz Blake 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe pH‐Low Insertion Peptide (pHLIP) is a membrane‐active peptide that spontaneously folds into a transmembrane α‐helix upon acidification. This activity enables pHLIP to potentially act as a vector for drugs related to diseases characterized by acidosis such as cancer or heart ischemia. Presently, due to aggregation‐based effects, formulations of pHLIP are only viable at near‐μM concentrations. In addition, since most of pHLIP's measurable qualities involve a membrane, probing the details of pHLIP in the interstitial region is difficult. In attempts to shed light on these issues, we performed constant pH molecular dynamics simulations on pHLIP as well as P20G, a variant with increased helicity, in solution at 0 and 150 mM NaCl over a broad range of pHs. In general, the addition of ions reduced the effective pKa of the acidic residues in pHLIP. P20G exhibits a higher helicity than pHLIP in general and is more compact than pHLIP at pH values under 4. In terms of charge effects, sodium cations localized predominantly to the C‐terminus of the peptide with a high density of acidic residues. Additionally, the salt bridge between R11 and D14 is by far the most favored and particularly so with pHLIP at 150 mM NaCl. We expect that this approach will be a valuable tool to screen variants of pHLIP for favorable properties in solution, an aspect of pHLIP design that to this point has largely been neglected.
2‐Hydroxy‐5‐nitropyridine and 5‐nitro‐2‐pyridone: Tautomerism, infrared, Raman, and NMR spectral interpretations, normal coordinate analysis, and DFT calculations
Authors: Mohamed Tarek A. , Shaaban Ibrahim A. , Soliman Usama A. , Zoghaib Wajdi M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRaman (3700–50 cm−1) and infrared (IR) (4000–230 cm−1) spectra of 2‐hydroxy‐5‐nitropyridine (HNP; C5H4N2O3) have been recorded in the solid phase in addition to 1H, 13C, and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the sample in dimethyl sulfoxide‐d6 (DMSO‐d6). Initially, keto and enol tautomeric forms were proposed owing to proton transfer from the hydroxyl group to pyridine nitrogen atom. Quantum mechanical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT; B3LYP, ωB97XD, and mPW1PW91) were carried out using 6‐31G(d) and 6‐311++G(d,p) basis sets favoring keto‐NPO, 5‐nitro‐2‐pyridone, tautomer by ~0.857–1.345 kcal/mol with minor enol‐HNP in the gas phase. Moreover, 1H, 13C, and 15N NMR chemical shifts were predicted using gauge‐invariant atomic orbital‐DFT calculation at 6‐311++G(d,p) basis set using integral equation formalism of the polarization continuum solvation model including solvent effects. The calculated chemical shifts and spin–spin coupling constants (JHH) for keto tautomer better resemble those experimentally observed rather than the enol form. The observed IR/Raman bands were assigned quantitatively to their normal modes based on the calculated vibrational frequencies, force constants in internal coordinates, normal coordinate analysis, and potential energy distributions. Finally, the nitro and hydroxyl barriers to internal rotations were predicted via a relaxed potential energy surface scan using B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) calculations. The results are reported herein and compared with similar molecules whenever appropriate.
Aberrant expression of HIF3A in plasma of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer and its clinical significance
Authors: Wei Liang , Yuan Na , Chen Yingying , Gong Pingping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundHypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) have been evaluated in various cancers and diseases. However, the specific role of hypoxia‐inducible factor 3 alpha (HIF3A) in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial.Materials and MethodsWe investigated HIF3A mRNA expression in the plasma and tumor tissues of patients with NSCLC and explored its clinical significance. Plasma samples from 103 cases of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and 96 cases of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), and tumor‐adjacent normal tissues from 58 LUAD and 62 LUSC cases were retrospectively evaluated at the No.8 People's Hospital of Qing Dao. HIF3A expression was explored using RT‐qPCR. The clinical significance of HIF3A was evaluated in the plasma and tumor tissues using the receiver operating curve (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC).ResultsHypoxia‐inducible factor 3 alpha expression was notably downregulated in the plasma or tumor tissues of patients with LUAD and LUSC, compared with the healthy control group or adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, HIF3A expression had a significant positive correlation in the plasma and tumor tissues of LUAD and LUSC patients. Meanwhile, the ROC‐AUCs achieved a significantly higher range, from 0.84 to 0.93, with the plasma or tumor tissues of NSCLC patients. Thus, HIF3A expression was not only correlated with plasma and tumor tissues, but also showed potential significance in NSCLC.ConclusionHypoxia‐inducible factor 3 alpha is aberrantly detectable in NSCLC patients in the plasma and tumor tissues. HIF3A may be involved in hypoxic responses during the development and occurrence of NSCLC.
Natural history of fetal ovarian cysts in the prenatal and postnatal periods
Authors: Akalin Munip , Demirci Oya , Dayan Eda , Odacilar Ali Sahap , Ocal Aydin , Celayir Aysenur 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo determine the natural history of fetal ovarian cysts and to investigate whether the prognosis can be predicted by prenatal ultrasonography (US).MethodsThis retrospective study includes cases of fetal ovarian cysts diagnosed by prenatal US over a 6‐year period. Cases were divided into four subgroups of cysts (small and simple, small and complex, large and simple, large and complex) according to their size and echotexture. US examinations were repeated every 2 weeks from the time of diagnosis to treatment.ResultsA total of 37 cases were included in the study. 32.4% of the cases regressed spontaneously in the prenatal period and 32.4% did so in the infantile period. Prenatal resolution occurred more frequently with small cysts than with large cysts (p = 0.03). Neonates with complex cysts required surgical treatment more often than neonates with simple cysts (p = 0.009). 27.0% of the cases underwent surgery due to ovarian torsion. The torsion rate of fetal ovarian cysts that progressed in the prenatal period was significantly higher than in the case of stable cysts (p = 0.001).ConclusionThe size of the fetal ovarian cysts, their US appearance and the progression of the cysts during follow‐up are the main determinants of the neonatal outcome.
Investigation of structural, optical, and electrical properties of the (CuO/ZnO:Al/SnO2:F) heterostructure thin films using the spin coating method
Authors: Kara Ilker 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, (CuO/ZnO:Al) heterostructure thin films were grown on SnO2:F‐coated glass substrate by using the spin coating method. To investigate the effects of thickness on (CuO/ZnO:Al) heterostructure, ZnO:Al films were deposited in different thicknesses. The structural, optical, surface, and electrical properties of these heterostructure were examined in detail. The structural and optical properties of obtained heterostructure were examined by X‐ray diffraction and UV–VIS spectrophotometer, respectively. The surface properties were analyzed by using atomic force microscope and scanning electron microscope. The electrical properties of these heterostructure were determined by current–voltage (I–V) characteristics at room temperature in dark. The electrical parameters (i.e., ideality factor and barrier height) were calculated by termoionic emission theory by using I–V measurement data. The change for thickness of n‐type AZO layer in the (CuO/ZnO:Al/SnO2:F) heterostructure caused significant changes in its physical properties.
An observational study to determine volume changes in the functional liver remnant following portal vein embolization
Authors: Dhurandhar Vikrant , Waugh Richard , Ahmed Sulman , Mantrala Suchitra , Chaganti Joga 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackground and AimPortal vein embolization (PVE) prior to hepatic resection reduces the risk of hepatic insufficiency in the postoperative period by redistributing blood from the embolized unhealthy liver to the healthy liver, termed the functional liver remnant (FLR). A retrospective analysis of liver volumes after embolization in a single institution was performed to identify change in volume of the FLR and determine factors affecting this change.MethodsBetween 2013 and 2015, 21 patients undergoing PVE followed by hepatic resection for varied indications (colorectal metastases, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, etc.) were included in this study. n‐butyl cyanoacrylate glue diluted with Lipiodol (35–45% strength) along with 75–100 μm of polyvinyl alcohol particles were used for embolization. Liver volumetric determination was performed before and after PVE and volume changes in the FLR were analyzed. Biochemical factors and factors affecting FLR hypertrophy were also analyzed.ResultsMajority of the patients (n = 18) underwent right‐lobe embolization. All were performed using the ipsilateral approach. No major complications occurred with only one patient developing post‐procedural ascites requiring percutaneous draining. A significant increase in the mean volume of the FLR by 63.7% ± 91.6%, P = 0.001 was noted after PVE. The FLR/total liver volume (TLV) increased significantly by 17% ± 18%. No significant demographic factors affected FLR hypertrophy and no significant biochemical changes were noted. Thirteen patients were successfully operated on after embolization.ConclusionsPVE is effective in inducing significant hypertrophy of the future FLR, prior to hepatic resection in our institution.
Safety of laparoscopic hepatectomy in patients with severe comorbidities ‐ A propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Heise Daniel , Bednarsch Jan , Kroh Andreas , Eickhoff Roman , Coolsen Marielle M. E. , van Dam Ronald , Lang Sven Arke , Neumann Ulf Peter , Ulmer Florian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) is nowadays considered as the standard of care for various liver malignancies. However, studies focusing on perioperative outcome after LH in patients with severe comorbidities are still sparse.Methods247 patients, who underwent LH between January 2016 and March 2020 at European surgical center Aachen Maastricht (ESCAM) were retrospectively analyzed regarding surgical outcome. All patients were categorized according to the ASA guidelines and a propensity score matched (PSM) analysis was performed to compare patients with severe comorbidities with patients with minor or no comorbidities.ResultsAfter PSM, no statistically significant differences regarding clinical characteristics were observed. We performed major resections in 26.4% of h‐ASA (ASA > 2) patients and 19.4% of l‐ASA (ASA≤2) patients, respectively (P = .322). Overall morbidity (Clavien‐Dindo≥1) was observed more frequently in the h‐ASA group (h‐ASA: 25.0% vs. l‐ASA: 8.3%; P = .007) while analysis of major morbidity (Clavien‐Dindo≥3b) showed a non‐significant tendency for more complications in h‐ASA patients (h‐ASA: 8.3% vs. l‐ASA: 1.4%; P = .053). A subgroup analysis identified major resection (HR = 5.05; P = .006) as an independent risk factor for the occurrence of any postoperative complication and chronic kidney disease (HR = 22.59; P = .030) and liver fibrosis (HR = 30.16; P = .031) as risk factors for the occurrence of major complications in h‐ASA patients.ConclusionLH in patients with severe systemic comorbidities shows a strong tendency towards an increased rate of major complications. Careful patient selection with respect to the planned extent of resection and the presence of chronic kidney disease and liver fibrosis should be performed to improve perioperative results.
Assessment of intellectual impairment, health‐related quality of life, and behavioral phenotype in patients with neurotransmitter related disorders: Data from the iNTD registry
Authors: Keller Mareike , Brennenstuhl Heiko , Kuseyri Hübschmann Oya , Manti Filippo , Julia Palacios Natalia Alexandra , Friedman Jennifer , Yıldız Yılmaz , Koht Jeanette Aimee , Wong Suet‐Na , Zafeiriou Dimitrios I. , López‐Laso Eduardo , Pons Roser , Kulhánek Jan , Jeltsch Kathrin , Serrano‐Lomelin Jesus , Garbade Sven F. , Opladen Thomas , Goez Helly ,   International Working Group on Neurotransmitter related Disorders (iNTD), Burlina Alberto , Cortès‐Saladelafont Elisenda , Fernández Ramos Joaquín Alejandro , García‐Cazorla Angeles , Hoffmann Georg F. , Kiat Hong Stacey Tay , Honzík Tomáš , Kavecan Ivana , Kurian Manju A. , Leuzzi Vincenzo , Lücke Thomas , Manzoni Francesca , Mastrangelo Mario , Mercimek‐Andrews Saadet , Mir Pablo , Oppebøen Mari , Pearson Toni S. , Sivri H. Serap , Steel Dora , Stevanović Galina , Fung Cheuk‐Wing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInherited disorders of neurotransmitter metabolism are a group of rare diseases, which are caused by impaired synthesis, transport, or degradation of neurotransmitters or cofactors and result in various degrees of delayed or impaired psychomotor development. To assess the effect of neurotransmitter deficiencies on intelligence, quality of life, and behavior, the data of 148 patients in the registry of the International Working Group on Neurotransmitter Related Disorders (iNTD) was evaluated using results from standardized age‐adjusted tests and questionnaires. Patients with a primary disorder of monoamine metabolism had lower IQ scores (mean IQ 58, range 40‐100) within the range of cognitive impairment (<70) compared to patients with a BH4 deficiency (mean IQ 84, range 40‐129). Short attention span and distractibility were most frequently mentioned by parents, while patients reported most frequently anxiety and distractibility when asked for behavioral traits. In individuals with succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency, self‐stimulatory behaviors were commonly reported by parents, whereas in patients with dopamine transporter deficiency, DNAJC12 deficiency, and monoamine oxidase A deficiency, self‐injurious or mutilating behaviors have commonly been observed. Phobic fears were increased in patients with 6‐pyruvoyltetrahydropterin synthase deficiency, while individuals with sepiapterin reductase deficiency frequently experienced communication and sleep difficulties. Patients with BH4 deficiencies achieved significantly higher quality of life as compared to other groups. This analysis of the iNTD registry data highlights: (a) difference in IQ and subdomains of quality of life between BH4 deficiencies and primary neurotransmitter‐related disorders and (b) previously underreported behavioral traits.