bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intradermal tranexamic acid microinjections: a novel treatment option for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea
Authors: Daadaa Najla , Litaiem Noureddine , Karray Manel , Bacha Takwa , Jones Meriem , Belajouza Noueiri Colandane , Goucha Samia , Zeglaoui Faten 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundTreatment options for erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR) are still scarce. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug that was recently used for the treatment of ETR.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of intradermal microinjections of TXA for ETR.Patients/MethodsThis was a retrospective study enrolling patients, treated with TXA intradermal microinjections for ETR, from January 2019 to February 2020. Response to treatment was assessed based on subjective symptoms, clinical photographs, and the Investigator Global Assessment of Rosacea Severity Score (IGA‐RSS).ResultsSix patients were included. The mean number of monthly intradermal TXA microinjections was 5.1 ± 1.3. The mean decrease of IGA‐RSS was 2.4 ± 0.5. Local side effects, mainly transient erythema and swelling, were noticed in three cases. No systemic effects were noted. Clinical improvement, in respondent patients, lasted after 3 months of follow‐up.ConclusionIntradermal TXA microinjections are a safe and effective treatment option for ETR. The optimal number of monthly sessions has yet to be determined.
Models of support to family members during the trajectory of cancer: A scoping review
Authors: Samuelsson Maria , Wennick Anne , Jakobsson Jenny , Bengtsson Mariette 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo map the existing literature on support models provided to family members during the cancer trajectory.BackgroundCancer diagnosis, treatment and survivorship have a profound influence on the surrounding family members. This scoping review is part of the development of a support model for family members of persons diagnosed with colorectal cancer.DesignThe method was guided by the Arksey and O’Malley framework, described in the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, and the reporting is compliant with PRISMA‐ScR Checklist. Searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL and PsycINFO from November 2019–February 2020 with no limitation in publication year or study design. Complementing searches were conducted in reference lists and for grey literature, followed by an additional search in September 2020. Inclusion criteria were primary research about support provided by health care, to family members, during cancer, of an adult person, in Swedish or English, of moderate or high methodological quality. Quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Data were extracted using a charting form.ResultA total of 32 studies were included in the review describing 39 support models.ConclusionThe mapping of the existing literature resulted in the identification of three themes of support models: psychoeducation, caregiver training and psychological support. In addition, that future research should target a specific diagnosis and trajectory phase as well as include family members and intervention providers in model development.Relevance for clinical practiceKnowledge from the literature on both the needs of the family members and existing support models should be incorporated with the prerequisites of clinical practice. Clinical practice should also be complemented with structured assessments of family members’ needs conducted regularly.
Sonographic detection and localization of fistulas in fetuses with imperforate anus: Case reports
Authors: Kaji Takashi , Maeda Kazuhisa , Sogawa Eishi , Yoshida Atsuko , Yonetani Naoto , Ishibashi Hiroki , Irahara Minoru , Iwasa Takeshi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractImperforate anus (IA) requires urgent treatment after birth, which is dependent on the type of IA, and is also frequently associated with other congenital abnormalities. Most patients with IA have an accompanying fistula, whose location is strongly associated with the type of IA. The fistula location can be a key factor in defining appropriate treatment, especially in neonates presenting with severe associated abnormalities. Herein, we report three cases of IA in which fistulas were detected and localized prenatally. Examination of the fetal pelvis through the sagittal or coronal view, using high‐frequency transducers, revealed the location of the fistulas. In particular, the sagittal view obtained using the fetal infracoccygeal or perineal approach allowed us to determine the precise anatomy of the fistulas. Neonatal assessment confirmed the fistula locations. We recommend using the sagittal view obtained using the fetal infracoccygeal or perineal approach with high‐frequency transducers to assess fistulas in fetuses with IA.
Near‐miss telematics in motor insurance
Authors: Guillen Montserrat , Nielsen Jens Perch , Pérez‐Marín Ana M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe present a method to integrate telematics data in a pay‐how‐you‐drive insurance pricing scheme that penalizes some near‐miss events. We illustrate our method with a sample of drivers for whom information on near‐miss events and claims frequency records are available. We discuss the implications for motor insurance ratemaking. Our pricing principle is to combine a baseline insurance premium with added extra charges for near‐miss events indicating risky driving (or discounts) that can be updated on a weekly basis. This procedure provides an incentive for safe driving. In our real‐case study illustration, hard‐braking and acceleration events as well as smartphone use while driving increase the cost of insurance.
“They Love Me, They Love Me Not”: An IRT‐Based Investigation of the Child Parental Acceptance‐Rejection Questionnaire with a Japanese Sample1
Authors: Aktar Rumana , Sugiura Yuko , Hiraishi Kenji 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to (a) devise the Child PARQ (Child Parental Acceptance‐Rejection Questionnaire), Japanese version (Child PARQ‐J), and evaluate its construct validity; (b) select the best items for developing a shorter version; and (c) assess the reliability and validity of the shortened Japanese Child PARQ (Child PARQ‐J‐SF). The sample consisted of 603 Japanese adolescents (61% boys), aged 12–15 years (Mage = 13.95 years, SD = 0.85 years). Data were collected online by a research company using the Child PARQ‐J, the Japanese version of the World Health Organization's Well‐Being Index (WHO‐5‐J), and the Sense of Authenticity Scale (SOAS). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the proposed four‐factor model for the Child PARQ‐J. Use of the item response theory approach resulted in identical 18‐item versions of the Child PARQ‐J‐SF for both parents. Structural equation modeling demonstrated the predictive validity of the Child PARQ‐J‐SF for adolescents' sense of authenticity and well‐being. The Child PARQ‐J is a robust measure in the Japanese context, and the Child PARQ‐J‐SF is a promising tool for researchers to use for quick assessments or in studies involving multiple constructs.
Recruitment of patients with chronic kidney disease and obstructive sleep apnoea for a clinical trial
Authors: Rimke Alex N. , Ahmed Sofia B. , Turin Tanvir C. , Pendharkar Sachin R. , Raneri Jill K. , Lynch Emma J. , Hanly Patrick J. 
Published: May 2021

SummaryObstructive sleep apnoea is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and may accelerate the decline in kidney function. Recruitment for a randomised controlled trial to address whether treatment of sleep apnoea with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) slows the progression of kidney failure may be challenging because sleep apnoea is often asymptomatic in this patient population. The present report outlines recruitment challenges and how to address them. Adult patients with CKD were recruited for a 12‐month randomised, controlled, non‐blinded, parallel clinical trial to evaluate the impact of CPAP therapy on kidney function. Patients completed a home sleep apnoea test and those that met pre‐specified sleep apnoea and nocturnal hypoxaemia severity criteria were randomised to receive CPAP or no therapy. Although 1,665 patients were eligible to participate in the study over 3 years, only 57 (3.4%) were ultimately randomised. The sequential reasons (and number of patients) for recruitment failure were: no show at clinic appointment (137), insufficient recruiters to approach every eligible patient (461), on therapy for sleep apnoea (122), unable to provide informed consent (67), refused consent (645), home sleep apnoea test not completed (47) or inclusion criteria not met (116), and declined pre‐randomisation education session (12). Many challenges limit effective recruitment, which may be addressed by hiring additional recruiters and increasing the awareness of sleep apnoea among patients with CKD. These findings can be used to improve recruitment strategies and the design of future studies.
Australian Aboriginal English: Linguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives
Authors: Louro Celeste R. , Collard Glenys 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAustralian Aboriginal English (AAE) is an enregistered contact‐based variety spoken by 80% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. This paper offers an overview of some of the features that characterise AAE as recorded in our corpus of naturally occurring interactions in Nyungar country, Southwest Western Australia. Led by Nyungar researcher Glenys Collard, our fieldwork rests on three pillars: (1) the data originate from group recording sessions, as culturally appropriate in the community; (2) speakers are recruited in venues such as medical centres and Perth city parks; (3) data collection is based on ‘yarning’: ‘a process of […] communicating and passing on history and knowledge’ (Terszak, 2008, p. 90). Our approach is strongly grounded in indigenous knowledge‐sharing practices. We discuss how the traditional underpinnings of yarning as a culturally entrenched modality have made it possible to tap into the community's vernacular and to capture the urgent concerns and silenced histories of Aboriginal English speakers.
Habitat restoration weakens negative environmental effects on telomere dynamics
Authors: McLennan Darryl , Auer Sonya K. , McKelvey Simon , McKelvey Lynn , Anderson Graeme , Boner Winnie , Duprez Jessica S. , Metcalfe Neil B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHabitat quality can have far‐reaching effects on organismal fitness, an issue of concern given the current scale of habitat degradation. Many temperate upland streams have reduced nutrient levels due to human activity. Nutrient restoration confers benefits in terms of invertebrate food availability and subsequent fish growth rates. Here we test whether these mitigation measures also affect the rate of cellular ageing of the fish, measured in terms of the telomeres that cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. We equally distributed Atlantic salmon eggs from the same 30 focal families into 10 human‐impacted oligotrophic streams in northern Scotland. Nutrient levels in five of the streams were restored by simulating the deposition of a small number of adult Atlantic salmon Salmo salar carcasses at the end of the spawning period, while five reference streams were left as controls. Telomere lengths and expression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene that may act to lengthen telomeres were then measured in the young fish when 15 months old. While TERT expression was unrelated to any of the measured variables, telomere lengths were shorter in salmon living at higher densities and in areas with a lower availability of the preferred substrate (cobbles and boulders). However, the adverse effects of these habitat features were much reduced in the streams receiving nutrients. These results suggest that adverse environmental pressures are weakened when nutrients are restored, presumably because the resulting increase in food supply reduces levels of both competition and stress.
Tape stripping and lipidomics reveal skin surface lipid abnormity in female melasma
Authors: Xu Jinhui , lu Haojie , Luo Haixin , Hu Yebei , Chen Yi , Xie Bo , Du Xiaohang , Hua You , Song Xiuzu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe skin barrier of melasma is involved in the pathogenesis of melasma. Previous studies have shown that there are differences in the expression of epidermal lipid genes in melasma, but little is known about the epidermis lipid composition of melasma. Compared with the non‐lesional skin, the content of total lipids, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, and ceramide (Cer) increased significantly in the lesional skin. Multivariate data analysis indicated that 40 individual Cer lipid species were responsible for the discrimination. In terms of acyl chain length in Cer, the expressions of very long chain (VLC) (C20–C26) and ultra‐long chain (ULC) (>C26) increased significantly in the lesional skin. However, Cer[AH] had negative correlations with the activation of melanocytes in the lesional skin. Some lipid species had lower expression in lesional skin with high activation of melanocytes, as well as the high darkness. The epidermal thickness of lesional skin was higher compared with the non‐lesional skin. These results suggest that Cer increased significantly in the lesional skin of melasma, possibly as a compensatory mechanism to maintain skin barrier function. Between different groups of darkness and activation of melanocytes, the change of ceramides might have correlation with the pigmentation progress of melasma.
Participation of keratinocyte‐ and fibroblast‐derived factors in melanocyte homeostasis, the response to UV, and pigmentary disorders
Authors: Upadhyay Parth R. , Ho Tina , Abdel‐Malek Zalfa A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHuman epidermal melanocytes play a central role in sensing the environment and protecting the skin from the drastic effects of solar ultraviolet radiation and other environmental toxins or inflammatory agents. Melanocytes survive in the epidermis for decades, which subjects them to chronic environmental insults. Melanocytes have a poor self‐renewal capacity; therefore, it is critical to ensure their survival with genomic stability. The function and survival of melanocytes is regulated by an elaborate network of paracrine factors synthesized mainly by epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. A symbiotic relationship exists between epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes on the one hand, and between melanocytes and dermal fibroblasts on the other hand. Melanocytes protect epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts from the damaging effects of solar radiation, and the latter cells synthesize biochemical mediators that maintain the homeostasis, and regulate the stress response of melanocytes. Disruption of the paracrine network results in pigmentary disorders, due to abnormal regulation of melanin synthesis, and compromise of melanocyte survival or genomic stability. This review provides an update of the current knowledge of keratinocyte‐ and fibroblast‐derived paracrine factors and their contribution to melanocyte physiology, and how their abnormal production is involved in the pathogenesis of common pigmentary disorders.
Defence responses of grapevine cultivars to powdery mildew: Ontogenic resistance versus genetic resistance
Authors: Calonnec Agnes , Jolivet Jerome , Ramaroson Marie‐Louisa , Dufour Marie‐Cecile , Corio‐Costet Marie‐France 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe most sustainable management of resistant varieties involves understanding which defence mechanisms the plant uses according to its resistance genes and stage of development and how effective these mechanisms are. Three grapevine varieties were compared for their susceptibility versus resistance to powdery mildew: Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (CS) and two hybrids, ‘Artaban’ and ‘Prior’. Four different leaf ages were collected from 2‐year‐old grafted grapevines planted in pot or in vineyard, and several variables were assessed for each leaf: (a) morphological and physiological indicators, (b) pathogenicity traits: spore germination, infection efﬁciency, mycelial growth and sporulation, and (c) gene expression using a high‐throughput quantitative reverse transcription PCR method to inform about plant defence status and functioning of primary metabolism. A significant decrease in germination and sporulation with increasing leaf age were observed for the three varieties: Prior showed a susceptibility similar to that of CS, whereas Artaban was fully resistant with no sporulation. Genes highlighted as markers of the variety were involved in defence (VvPR3, VvPR4 overexpressed in Artaban, VvPR4bis, VvAlli2 in Prior) or in primary metabolism (repression of VvCitS in Artaban, VvCHI in Prior, overexpression of VvCAD2, VvGST3 in Prior). After inoculation, more defence genes, especially PR proteins, were overexpressed in the oldest leaves as potential components of ontogenic resistance. PR proteins accounted for 25% of total disease variation. Phenylpropanoid and ethylene pathways were leaf age‐dependent. The statistical method used highlighted the contributions of the genotypic expression involved in genetic (cultivar) and ontogenic (leaf age) resistances and of the metabolic pathways to the disease.
Rigorous justification of the Whitham modulation theory for equations of NLS type
Authors: Clarke W.A. , Marangell R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe study the modulational stability of periodic travelling wave solutions to equations of nonlinear Schrödinger type. In particular, we prove that the characteristics of the quasi‐linear system of equations resulting from a slow modulation approximation satisfy the same equation, up to a change in variables, as the normal form of the linearized spectrum crossing the origin. This normal form is taken from Stability of Travelling wave solutions of Nonlinear Dispersive equations of NLS type, where Leisman et al. compute the spectrum of the linearized operator near the origin via an analysis of Jordan chains. We derive the modulation equations using Whitham's formal modulation theory, in particular the variational principle applied to an averaged Lagrangian. We use the genericity conditions assumed in the rigorous theory of Leismen et al.​to direct the homogenization of the modulation equations. As a result of the agreement between the equation for the characteristics and the normal form from the linear theory, we show that the hyperbolicity of the Whitham system is a necessary condition for modulational stability of the underlying wave.
Biophysical and ultrasonographic changes in early patch/plaque stage of mycosis fungoides, compared with uninvolved skin
Authors: Yazdanparast Taraneh , Yazdani Kamran , Ahmad Nasrollahi Saman , Izadi Firouzabadi Leila , Humbert Philippe , Khatami Alireza , Kassir Martin , Firooz Alireza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of this study was evaluation of the skin biophysical properties in early patch/plaque stage of mycosis fungoides (MF) and its comparison with uninvolved skin in order to gain a better understanding of the pathogenesis of diseases.Materials and MethodsThe stratum corneum hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), surface friction, pH, sebum, melanin, erythema, temperature, elasticity parameters (R0, R2, R5), thickness, and echo density of epidermis and dermis were measured on lesions of 21 patients and compared with controls (average measures of uninvolved perilesional and symmetrical skins) by paired sample t test.ResultsStratum corneum hydration (P < 0.001) and echo density of dermis (P = 0.044) were significantly lower, whereas pH (P‐value = 0.007), erythema (P < 0.001), and melanin content (P = 0.007) were significantly higher in lesions. There was not any significant difference in TEWL, friction index, sebum, temperature, R0, R2, R5, thickness of epidermis and dermis, and echo density of epidermis between lesions and normal skin.ConclusionParapsoriasis/MF lesions are specified by a set of certain changes in biophysical properties which are mainly correlated with histological changes. These sets of alterations may help in noninvasive, early diagnosis of parapsoriasis/MF.
Technique for analyzing the transfer of colored cosmetics onto face masks
Authors: Kim Suyeon , Lee Juseon , Park Minhye , Kim Hongbi , Kim Sungeun , Byun Ji Won , Hwang‐Bo Jeon , Park Keun Hyung 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith the rapid spread of COVID‐19, the makeup trend in the cosmetics market is changing as mask‐wearing has become a common practice. This study was conducted to establish an objective and reliable method for analyzing the transfer of colored cosmetics onto face masks.MethodsA total of 24 women participated in this test. The participants were requested to wear Korean Filter 94 masks after having applied colored cosmetics on their faces and lips. VISIA‐CR was used to photograph the face, and a camera was used to photograph the mask, which had smeared the cosmetics. Each image was analyzed using the Image‐pro® 10 image analysis software.ResultsImmediately after applying the cosmetics, the intensity of the face decreased and the redness of the lips increased when compared with the results 30 minutes after washing the face. After wearing a mask, the intensity increased and the redness decreased when compared with immediately after applying the cosmetics. The area before and after the colored cosmetics smeared onto the mask was increased.ConclusionIt is expected that this study could be used as a reference for further experiments on analysis of methods for preventing mask stains.
Phylogeny and temporal diversification of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) with an emphasis on the Neotropical fauna
Authors: Lorenz Camila , Alves João M.P. , Foster Peter G. , Suesdek Lincoln , Sallum Maria Anice M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractUnderstanding phylogenetic relationships within the family Culicidae informs mosquito evolution and may have public health implications as this family includes numerous species of medical and veterinary importance. We investigated the mitochondrial genomes of 102 mosquitoes, including six newly sequenced species, representing 21 genera with an emphasis on the Neotropical region. We estimated divergence times based on sequence data and three fossil calibration points, using Bayesian relaxed clock methods. Bayesian and maximum‐likelihood phylogenetic analyses based on the DNA sequences of 13 PCGs of the 102 species provided robust support for the monophyly of the subfamily Anophelinae and the tribes Aedini, Culicini, Mansoniini and Sabethini. Despite the current genera of Anophelinae being consistently recovered as monophyletic, relationships among them proved to be quite variable depending on the method used (concatenated or partitioned) and the number of taxa sampled. Molecular divergence time estimates revealed that the two mosquito subfamilies, Anophelinae and Culicinae, diverged in the early Jurassic (approximately 197.5 Mya). However, most major lineages of these groups arose after the Cretaceous, coincident with the emergence of angiosperms and the expansion of mammals and birds. The diversification and worldwide distribution of Culicidae may also be determined in part by geographic isolation as a result of continental drift during the Cretaceous.