bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-Uniform Porous Structures and Cycling Control for Optimized Fixed-Bed Solar Thermochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Dai Xiaoyu , Haussener Sophia 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Solar thermochemical redox cycles provide a sustainable pathway for solar fuel processing. If done in porous (ceria) structures, they can profit from faster reaction rates owed to the enhanced heat and mass transport characteristics. However, the exact porous structure and operating conditions significantly affect the performance. We present a transient volume-averaged fixed-bed model of a thermochemical redox reactor utilizing macroporous ceria. We studied the porosity-dependent (ɛ = 0.4–0.9) and operating condition-dependent (solar concentration ratio, ratio of oxygen partial pressure to total pressure, and gas flowrate) performance of the fixed-bed ceria redox cycle. Structures with large porosity (ɛ = 0.9) showed better performance than low-porosity structures, owning to the enhanced heat absorption and resulting higher temperatures. We show that the cycle duration requires optimization according to the porosity of the structure. Two hours of operation for a structure with ɛ = 0.75 resulted in the largest hydrogen production (115.78mLgceria−1) if the single cycle duration was 240 s (i.e., 30 cycles in 2 h), while nearly five times less was produced for a 15 times longer single cycle duration (i.e., two cycles in 2 h). We subsequently introduced porous structures with different types of non-uniform porosity distributions. For an average porosity of ɛ = 0.75, the most favorable non-uniform porosity media exhibited higher porosity at the boundaries and a denser core. The fuel production of the best non-uniform porous structure was six times larger compared to a uniform porous structure. Adjusting on top of this the cycling conditions, a 14.6 times production gain was achieved. This work suggests that under non-isothermal operation condition for macroporous ceria redox fixed-bed cycling, non-uniform porous structure with higher porosity boundaries and a dense core benefit fuel production and porosity-dependent cycle duration modulation can be used to increase performance.
Wear Volume of Self-Mated Steel at the Submicron-Scale: An Atomic Force Microscopy Study
Authors: Reichelt Manuel , Cappella Brunero 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Wear phenomena at the nanoscale are essential for applications involving miniaturized specimens. Furthermore, stochastic nano-events affect in general tribological processes, eventually also at the macroscale. Hence, it is of fundamental importance to perform nanotests with materials—such as steel—which are widely used also at the macroscale. In this paper, we present the analysis of tribotests performed with self-mated 100Cr6 steel (AISI 52100) at the submicron scale by means of an atomic force microscope. To this aim, steel particles with micrometer size were glued to the cantilever as “colloidal particles”. The microscope was employed for wear generation, for the imaging of scars and colloidal particles, and for the determination of wear volumes of both specimens. The analysis is focused on wear volume and its dependence on normal force and total sliding distance. Nanotests are compared with previously presented macrotests, also performed with self-mated steel. Nanotests exhibit, compared with macrotests, a significantly larger scattering and poor repeatability. Especially the analysis of these features reveals that, with small forces (≤10 µN) and surfaces (≤2 µm2), the random number of asperities inside the contact surface plays a crucial role, by far more decisive than the normal force or the sliding distance. Moreover, in several cases, only few asperities (&lt;10) are involved in the wear process. Such low numbers lead to a breakdown in the applicability of tribological laws (e.g., Archard's law) based on statistical methods and on average variables.
Investigation of Oil–Air Flow and Temperature for High-Speed Ball Bearings by Combining Nonlinear Dynamic and Computational Fluid Dynamics Models
Authors: Deng Song , Zhao Guiqiang , Qian Dongsheng , Jiang Shaofeng , Hua Lin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
An improved nonlinear dynamic model of high-speed ball bearings with elastohydrodynamic lubrication is adopted to predict the movements of balls and power loss of ball bearings for defining the boundary conditions of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Then, this method of combining nonlinear dynamic and CFD models is validated through the experimental verification. Subsequently, oil–air flow and temperature distribution inside the bearing chamber are studied at low and high speeds and light and heavy loads. The effect of nozzle’s position on the formation of oil film and heat dissipation is revealed under combined loads. The research results provide a theoretical basis for engineering application of high-speed rolling bearings.
Design and Performance Analysis of a Solar-Coal-Fired Complementary Power System Based on the S-CO2 Brayton Cycle
Authors: Zhou Yunlong , Bao Jiaxin , Yang Mei 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
To make solar energy conversion more effective and enable effective complementary utilization of multiple energy sources, two types of solar-coal-fired complementary power (SCCP) systems, which use the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle, are investigated and their layouts are improved. In addition, a thermodynamic performance analysis is carried out. The results show that, as the amount of work done by the solar energy module increases, the coal saving rate increases linearly and proportionally in both SCCP systems. Also, the supplementary electric power generated by the solar field increases. The two improved layouts increase the net efficiency of the SCCP systems significantly (SCCP1: from 43.60% to 47.65%, SCCP2: from 43.60% to 47.67%). More specifically, the net efficiency of the improved layout for SCCP2 increases faster than that for SCCP1 (with its improved layout), when the second split ratio (SR2) exceeds 0.031. When the net efficiency remains unchanged, the SR2 for SCCP2 improved layout has a wide range. Furthermore, both the operation performance and operating mode conversion of the basic system are studied for varying sunlight conditions. The simulation results are consistent with the expectations, which underlines the development potential of the system to a certain extent.
Cystoid macular oedema after descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty
Authors: Guindolet Damien , Huynh Odile , Martin Gilles C , Disegni Hugo , Azar Georges , Cochereau Isabelle , Gabison Eric 
Published: November 2021

AimsTo determine the incidence and risk factors of cystoid macular oedema (CMO) following descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) with or without combined cataract surgery (triple-DMEK).MethodsWe reviewed the records of patients who underwent DMEK surgery alone or triple-DMEK performed at the Rothschild Foundation Hospital (Paris, France) between January 2019 and March 2020. Patients with pre-existing CMO observed on the preoperative macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) were excluded. Spectral-domain OCT was performed in patients with postoperative visual impairment. Data regarding comorbidities, intraoperative characteristics and postoperative treatments or complications were collected and analysed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.ResultsTwenty three of 246 eyes (9.36%) developed clinically significant (cs)-CMO after DMEK. Triple-DMEK was not associated with a higher risk to develop CMO (12.2% in DMEK alone and 6.1% in triple-DMEK). Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK ; 39.1% vs 9%; OR=3.5 (1.0 to 11.8), p=0.045) and epiretinal membrane (ERM; 39.1% vs 7.7%; OR=10.5 (3.4 to 32.3), p<0.001) were more frequently observed in patients who developed CMO. The occurrence of hyphaema during surgery was statistically associated with postoperative CMO (13% vs 1.3%; OR=7.1 (1.0 to 48.8) p=0.045). Peroperative epithelial debridement was statistically associated with postoperative CMO (65.2% vs 33.2%, p=0.005), but only in univariate analysis.ConclusionsWe identified a clinically significant CMO incidence of 9.35% after DMEK. Patients with a history of ERM, PBK and intraoperative hyphaema may be at risk of developing CMO after DMEK surgery and should be monitored.
Influence of travel time and distance to the hospital of care on stillbirths: a retrospective facility-based cross-sectional study in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Banke-Thomas Aduragbemi , Avoka Cephas Ke-on , Gwacham-Anisiobi Uchenna , Benova Lenka 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionAccess to emergency obstetric care can lead to a 45%–75% reduction in stillbirths. However, before a pregnant woman can access this care, she needs to travel to a health facility. Our objective in this study was to assess the influence of distance and travel time to the actual hospital of care on stillbirth.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of pregnant women who presented with obstetric emergencies over a year across all 24 public hospitals in Lagos, Nigeria. Reviewing clinical records, we extracted sociodemographic, travel and obstetric data. Extracted travel data were exported to Google Maps, where typical distance and travel time for period-of-day they travelled were extracted. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to determine the relative influence of distance and travel time on stillbirth.ResultsOf 3278 births, there were 408 stillbirths (12.5%). Women with livebirths travelled a median distance of 7.3 km (IQR 3.3–18.0) and over a median time of 24 min (IQR 12–51). Those with stillbirths travelled a median distance of 8.5 km (IQR 4.4–19.7) and over a median time of 30 min (IQR 16–60). Following adjustments, though no significant association with distance was found, odds of stillbirth were significantly higher for travel of 10–29 min (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.40 to 3.63), 30–59 min (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.22 to 4.34) and 60–119 min (OR 2.35, 95% CI 1.05 to 5.25). The adjusted OR of stillbirth was significantly lower following booking (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.49), obstetric complications with mother (obstructed labour (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.17) and haemorrhage (OR 0.30, 95%CI 0.20 to 0.46)). Odds were significantly higher with multiple gestations (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.57 to 3.69) and referral (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.12).ConclusionTravel time to a hospital was strongly associated with stillbirth. In addition to birth preparedness, efforts to get quality care quicker to women or women quicker to quality care will be critical for efforts to reduce stillbirths in a principally urban low-income and middle-income setting.
Early palliative/supportive care in acute myeloid leukaemia allows low aggression end-of-life interventions: observational outpatient study
Authors: Potenza Leonardo , Scaravaglio Miki , Fortuna Daniela , Giusti Davide , Colaci Elisabetta , Pioli Valeria , Morselli Monica , Forghieri Fabio , Bettelli Francesca , Messerotti Andrea , Catellani Hillary , Gilioli Andrea , Marasca Roberto , Borelli Eleonora , Bigi Sarah , Longo Giuseppe , Banchelli Federico , D'Amico Roberto , L Back Anthony , Efficace Fabio , Bruera Eduardo , Luppi Mario , Bandieri Elena 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesEarly palliative supportive care has been associated with many advantages in patients with advanced cancer. However, this model is underutilised in patients with haematological malignancies. We investigated the presence and described the frequency of quality indicators for palliative care and end-of-life care in a cohort of patients with acute myeloid leukaemia receiving early palliative supportive care.MethodsThis is an observational, retrospective study based on 215 patients consecutively enrolled at a haematology early palliative supportive care clinic in Modena, Italy. Comprehensive hospital chart reviews were performed to abstract the presence of well-established quality indicators for palliative care and for aggressiveness of care near the end of life.Results131 patients received a full early palliative supportive care intervention. All patients had at least one and 67 (51%) patients had four or more quality indicators for palliative care. Only 2.7% of them received chemotherapy in the last 14 days of life. None underwent intubation or cardiopulmonary resuscitation and was admitted to intensive care unit during the last month of life. Only 4% had either multiple hospitalisations or two or more emergency department access. Approximately half of them died at home or in a hospice. More than 40% did not receive transfusions within 7 days of death. The remaining 84 patients, considered late referrals to palliative care, demonstrated sensibly lower frequencies of the same indicators.ConclusionsPatients with acute myeloid leukaemia receiving early palliative supportive care demonstrated high frequency of quality indicators for palliative care and low rates of treatment aggressiveness at the end of life.
Study of Mouse Deer and Snail Characters in Fable (Deconstruction Approach)
Authors: Izhar Izhar 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The presence of the mouse deer and snail fable is considered to contribute in education field. The character of the mouse deer with its strengths and the snail with its weaknesses brings its own spirit to the reader that the irrationality of the weak can defeat the strong is acceptable logic. Thus, the strong mouse deer is judged as a loser and the weak snail is judged as a hero by the readers. In fact, in a certain sense, the meaning of an event conveyed through the characters of the story can be inversely to the reader's interpretation so far. The objectives of this study were (1) to describe the characters of the mouse deer and snail in deconstruction studies; and (2) to describe the relevance of deconstruction studies with critical thinking activities in the independent learning era. The research was a descriptive qualitative research based on research studies using Derrida's deconstruction. Data analysis was carried out in stages, namely: reading repeated texts carefully so that the original context and reception context were found, tracing binary opposition, and presenting other logic or other perceptions. The results of the study shows that (1) the snail character who has been predicted to be a good character can be considered an arrogant and fraudulent character. Meanwhile, the mouse deer figure who has been regarded as an arrogant figure can be considered an honest and kind character, and (2) the deconstruction study method is relevant to critical thinking activities in the independent learning era.
Utilization of Wood Vinegar as Nutrient Availability Enhancer in Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: De Guzman Ronel S. , Cababaro Alben C. 
Published: November 2021

The study aims to evaluate the effect of different levels of wood vinegar as a nutrient availability enhancer in eggplant. The treatments used in the study were Treatment 1 (No application of wood vinegar), Treatment 2 (0.5% of wood vinegar), Treatment 3 (0.67% of wood vinegar), and Treatment 4 (1% of wood vinegar).
Based on the study results, the average height of plants showed a significant difference among the treatments. The other parameters, average growth increment, average stem diameter, average number of days to flower initiation, the average length of fruits, and an average weight of fruits, showed high significance among treatments. The result was supported by LSD that showed significant differences in control and among the treatments. Therefore, the application of Treatment 4 is the recommended ratio in eggplant production.
Hence, researchable areas need to be addressed, such as evaluating the continuous use of wood vinegar in eggplant production, and challenge literature stating that wood vinegar should be stopped one week before harvesting. Additional research on time and level of wood vinegar for insect control is recommended.
Antecedents and Consequents of Multiculturalism and Social Diversity among Law Enforcement Workplace in Metro Manila
Authors: Gabon Melina G. 
Published: November 2021

This study describes the antecedents and consequents of multiculturalism and social diversity, and the perceptions of law enforcement personnel towards the consequents of multiculturalism and social diversity in the law enforcement workplace. This quantitative descriptive research determined the perceptions of 100 law enforcement personnel from the purposively selected law enforcement workplaces in Metro Manila. Data were analyzed using frequency and percentage distribution, mean and rank. The majority of the respondents recognized the utmost importance of multiculturalism and social diversity in a Law Enforcement workplace. Managing diversity in the law enforcement workplace means creating conditions that maximize the potential of its personnel to enhance organizational performance; and Multiculturalism promotes the integration of different cultures and the sharing of one's ideas and perspectives that lead to innovations have the highest mean scores of 3.75, respectively. On the other hand, Inclusive organizations can screen out highly prejudiced individuals and will find it easy to manage diverse employees with a mean score of 2.69. It can be gleaned that the majority of the respondents perceived that employing a culturally diverse law enforcement workforce has positive consequences to its people, workplace culture, and organizational climate. Therefore, law enforcement officers should support heterogeneous workplace advocacies, and that policymakers should reinvigorate the rigor of existing policies to sustain multicultural and social diversity in the entire organization.
Assessment of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics Strand of the K-12 Program among Selected Public Schools in Zone 2 Division of Zambales
Authors: Honrado Lyra Castillo , Calimlim Adelia D. 
Published: November 2021

The study determined the impact of the STEM Strand implementation of senior high schools in the Division of Zambales. The study was limited to fifty secondary public-school teachers in Zone II.The study revealed that majority teacher-respondents, are generally young with only a minimum number of trainings attended. STEM trends, there were more males than females and a larger are married. There were no significant differences in the success of the STEM schools in Palauig, Botolan and Iba in the following domains:college preparation;integrated and innovative technology use; STEM-rich informal experiences; connections with industry and the world of work; well-prepared STEM teachers and professionalized teaching staff and positive school community and culture of high expectations for all. Based on the summary of findings and the conclusions arrived at, the researcher has offered the following recommendations that professional learning in the form of learning action cells and lesson study should be provided to relatively novice STEM teachers in order to expose them to effective instructional strategies and impact their actual classroom practices as opposed to cascading in-service trainings. Greater involvement of these partners through planning, implementation, and review should be targeted instead of only involving them for immersion activities. A more intensive evaluation of the STEM implementation following the Context-Input-Process-Product approach should be conducted to strengthen and confirm the findings of the study. A more study that would monitor the whole system as opposed to the present investigation’s focus on teacher perception would lend greater credence to the results.
Estimation of DAPT Study Treatment Effects in Contemporary Clinical Practice: Findings From the EXTEND-DAPT Study
Authors: Butala Neel M. , Faridi Kamil F. , Tamez Hector , Strom Jordan B. , Song Yang , Shen Changyu , Secemsky Eric A. , Mauri Laura , Kereiakes Dean J. , Curtis Jeptha P. , Gibson C. Michael , Yeh Robert W. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Differences in patient characteristics, changes in treatment algorithms, and advances in medical technology could each influence the applicability of older randomized trial results to contemporary clinical practice. The DAPT Study (Dual Antiplatelet Therapy) found that longer-duration DAPT decreased ischemic events at the expense of greater bleeding, but subsequent evolution in stent technology and clinical practice may attenuate the benefit of prolonged DAPT in a contemporary population. We evaluated whether the DAPT Study population is different from a contemporary population of US patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention and estimated the treatment effect of extended-duration antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention in this more contemporary cohort.

Methods:
We compared the characteristics of drug-eluting stent–treated patients randomly assigned in the DAPT Study to a sample of more contemporary drug-eluting stent–treated patients in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry from July 2016 to June 2017. After linking trial and registry data, we used inverse-odds of trial participation weighting to account for patient and procedural characteristics and estimated a contemporary real-world treatment effect of 30 versus 12 months of DAPT after coronary stent procedures.

Results:
The US drug-eluting stent–treated trial cohort included 8864 DAPT Study patients, and the registry cohort included 568 540 patients. Compared with the trial population, registry patients had more comorbidities and were more likely to present with myocardial infarction and receive 2nd-generation drug-eluting stents. After reweighting trial results to represent the registry population, there was no longer a significant effect of prolonged DAPT on reducing stent thrombosis (reweighted treatment effect: –0.40 [95% CI, –0.99% to 0.15%]), major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (reweighted treatment effect, –0.52 [95% CI, –2.62% to 1.03%]), or myocardial infarction (reweighted treatment effect, –0.97% [95% CI, –2.75% to 0.18%]), but the increase in bleeding with prolonged DAPT persisted (reweighted treatment effect, 2.42% [95% CI, 0.79% to 3.91%]).

Conclusions:
The differences between the patients and devices used in contemporary clinical practice compared with the DAPT Study were associated with the attenuation of benefits and greater harms attributable to prolonged DAPT duration. These findings limit the applicability of the average treatment effects from the DAPT Study in modern clinical practice.