bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Study of the Endwall Heat Transfer of a Transonic Nozzle Guide Vane With Upstream Jet Purge Cooling Part 1—Effect of Density Ratio
Authors: Mao Shuo , Sibold Ridge , Ng Wing F. , Li Zhigang , Bai Bo , Xu Hongzhou , Fox Michael 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Nozzle guide vane (NGV) platforms often use complex cooling schemes to mitigate the ever-increasing thermal loads on endwall. Understanding the effect of advanced cooling schemes amid the highly complex three-dimensional secondary flow is vital to engine efficiency and durability. This study analyzes, experimentally and numerically, and describes the effect of coolant to mainstream blowing ratio, momentum ratio, and density ratio (DR) for a typical axisymmetric converging nozzle guide vane platform with an upstream doublet staggered, steep-injection, cylindrical hole purge cooling scheme. Nominal flow conditions were engine-representative and as follows: Maexit = 0.85, Reexit,Cax = 1.5 × 106 and an inlet large-scale freestream turbulence intensity of 16%. Two blowing ratios were investigated, each corresponding to the design condition and its upper extrema at M = 2.5 and 3.5, respectively. For each blowing ratio, the coolant to mainstream density ratio was varied between DR = 1.2, representing typical experimental neglect of coolant density, and DR = 1.95, representative of typical engine conditions. The results show that with a fixed coolant-to-mainstream blowing ratio, the density ratio plays a vital role in the coolant-mainstream mixing and the interaction between coolant and horseshoe vortex (HSV) near the vane leading edge. A higher density ratio leads to a better coolant coverage immediately downstream of the cooling holes but exposes the in-passage endwall near the pressure side. It also causes the in-passage coolant coverage to decay at a higher rate in the flow direction. From the results gathered, both density ratio and blowing ratio should be considered for accurate testing, analysis, and prediction of purge jet cooling scheme performance.
Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Glycemic Control Independently Predicts Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Bhati Pooja , Hussain M. Ejaz 
Published: October 2021

Background: Though cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is a common complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); still, there is lack of clarity on pathophysiological correlates for its onset and progression. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the predictive ability of lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factors for CAN in T2DM patients. Methods: A total of 105 Indian T2DM patients were recruited in the present study. Cardiometabolic risk factors, such as glycemic control, lipids, resting heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lifestyle risk parameters, such as physical activity levels and sleep quality were assessed. Standard cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests were performed for diagnosing CAN by Ewing’s criteria. Results: Leisure-time physical activity and glycosylated hemoglobin were significant independent predictors of CAN in T2DM. Leisure-time physical activity and glycosylated hemoglobin predicted the occurrence of CAN at cutoff values ≤4.68 metabolic equivalent-hours per week (P = .007) and >7.5% (P = .002), respectively. Conclusions: The T2DM patients should be encouraged to engage in leisure-time physical activity of at least 4.68 metabolic equivalent-hours per week (equivalent to 1.2 h of walk or 0.6 h of jog per week) and therapeutic strategies for controlling hyperglycemia in T2DM should aim to reduce glycosylated hemoglobin below 7.5% to reduce CAN occurrence.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist versus expectant management for treating multiple leiomyomas after myomectomy: the study protocol for a multicentre, prospective, randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Wei Jia , Ma Xiangyi , Wang Wenwen , Zhang Minli , Yu Zhiying , Zhang Wei , Hong Li , Li Zhiying , Li Lin , Du Xin , Feng Yun , Guo Ruixia , Zhang Chunlian , Yue Qingfen , Wang Wuliang , Wang Shixuan 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionLeiomyoma recurrence is a major concern for long-term myomectomy management, especially for multiple leiomyomas. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) is one of the most effective medications to reduce the volume of fibroids and the uterus. However, its role in preventing recurrence after conservative surgery remains unclear. At present, there is no randomised clinical trial determining the efficacy of GnRHa treatment for preventing multiple leiomyomas recurrence after myomectomy.Methods and analysisWe are conducting a phase IV randomised controlled trial in women aged 18–45 undergoing myomectomy for multiple leiomyomas. After surgery, women whose pathological result confirms multiple leiomyomas are randomised in a 1:1 ratio into an observation or GnRHa group. The primary outcome is the recurrence of either clinical symptoms or fibroids on imaging. Patients will be assessed for adverse events during the follow-up.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Tongji Hospital Affiliated with the Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (TJ-IRB20180311) according to the submitted study protocol (V.1.0, 10 November 2017) and informed consent (V.1.0, 10 November 2017). The results will be presented at domestic and international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberChiCTR-IPR-17012992.
Comparison of strategies for adherence to venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in high-risk surgical patients: a before and after intervention study
Authors: da Silva Leopoldo Muniz , Lima Helidea de Oliveira , Ferrer Ricardo , Ho Anthony M-H , Silveira Saullo Queiroz , Abib Arthur de Campos Vieira , Bellicieri Fernando Nardy , Camire Daenis , Mittermayer Otto , Botelho Karen Kato , Pla Gil Andre Mortari , Mizubuti Glenio B 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of perioperative morbimortality. Despite significant efforts to advance evidence-based practice, prevention rates remain inadequate in many centres.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of different strategies aimed at improving adherence to adequate VTE prophylaxis in surgical patients at high risk of VTE.MethodBefore and after intervention study conducted at a tertiary hospital. Adherence to adequate VTE prophylaxis was compared according to three strategies consecutively implemented from January 2019 to December 2020. A dedicated hospitalist physician alone (strategy A) or in conjunction with a nurse (strategy B) overlooked the postoperative period to ensure adherence and correct inadequacies. Finally, a multidisciplinary team approach (strategy C) focused on promoting adequate VTE prophylaxis across multiple stages of care—from the operating room (ie, preoperative team-based checklist) to collaboration with clinical pharmacists in the postoperative period—was implemented.ResultsWe analysed 2074 surgical patients: 783 from January to June 2019 (strategy A), 669 from July 2019 to May 2020 (strategy B), and 622 from June to December 2020 (strategy C). VTE prophylaxis adherence rates for strategies (A), (B) and (C) were (median (25th–75th percentile)) 43.29% (31.82–51.69), 50% (42.57–55.80) and 92.31% (91.38–93.51), respectively (p<0.001; C>A=B). There was a significant reduction in non-compliance on all analysed criteria (risk stratification (A (25.5%), B (22%), C (6%)), medical documentation (A (68%), B (55.2%) C (9%)) and medical prescription (A (51.85%), B (48%), C (6.10%)) after implementation of strategy C (p<0.05). Additionally, a significant increase in compliance with adequate dosage, dosing interval and scheduling of the prophylactic regimen was observed.ConclusionPerioperative VTE prophylaxis strategies that relied exclusively on physicians and/or nurses were associated with suboptimal execution and prevention. A multidisciplinary team-based approach that covers multiple stages of patient care significantly increased adherence to adequate VTE prophylaxis in surgical patients at high risk of developing perioperative VTE.
The Pathophysiology of Primary Blast Injury and its implications for treatment. Part II: The Auditory Structures and Abdomen
Authors: Cripps N P J , Glover M A , Guy R J 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe authors have previously considered the mechanisms by which primary blast injury affects the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and what deductions may be made about management of the resulting injuries. This article considers the somatic effects of primary blast on abdominal and auditory structures. These injuries are usually of less immediate cocern but require accurate management in order to avoid late mortality and morbidity and to return the casualty to full function.Recognition of likely injury patterns is vital to the instigation of correct management. The tympanic membrane, for instance, is easily damaged by blast and such an injury may be complicated by ossicular disruption, perilymph fistula or forceful distribution of squamous epithelium around air filled spaces with potential to form cholesteatoma.Abdominal organs can be severely disrupted by primary blast. The treatment of such injuries is not dissimilar to that of any other cause of abdominal trauma. The most challenging aspect is the identification of intestinal intramural haemorrhage and discrimination between those lesions destined for perforation or for spontaneous recovery.In this article the range and mechanism of injury are described for each system, drawing on experience from other modes of injury closely related to blast, followed by suggestions for their management established from literature reviews and experimental work undertaken by the authors during periods of full time research.
Calonectria vigiensis sp. nov. (Hypocreales, Nectriaceae) associated with dieback and sudden-death symptoms of Theobroma cacao from Mérida state, Venezuela
Authors: Mohali Sari R. , Stewart Jane E. 
Published: October 2021

Calonectria vigiensis sp. nov. (Hypocreales, Nectriaceae) is a newly described species associated with cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in Mérida state, Venezuela. This new species was identified using morphological methods as well as DNA sequencing and multigene phylogenetic analyses. Based on phylogenetic analyses of a combined dataset including translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1), calmodulin (cmdA), and β-tubulin (btub) genes across closely related species within Calonectria, a new species was identified as Ca. vigiensis within the Calonectria naviculata species complex, but it was determined to be well-separated from genetically close species such as Calonectria multilateralis L. Lombard & Crous, Calonectria multinaviculata R.F. Alfenas, L. Lombard & Crous, and Calonectria naviculata Crous & M.J. Wingf. This work reports 1 previously undescribed fungal species (Ca. vigiensis) that is associated with dieback and sudden-death symptoms in T. cacao plantations in Mérida state, Venezuela.
Free data at spacelike $${\mathscr {I}}$$ and characterization of Kerr-de Sitter in all dimensions
Authors: Mars Marc , Peón-Nieto Carlos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe study the free data in the Fefferman–Graham expansion of asymptotically Einstein$$(n+1)$$(n+1)-dimensional metrics with non-zero cosmological constant. We analyze the relation between the electric part of the rescaled Weyl tensor at$${\mathscr {I}}$$I,D, and the free data at$${\mathscr {I}}$$I, namely a certain traceless and transverse part of then-th order coefficient of the expansion$$\mathring{g}_{(n)}$$g˚(n). In the case$$\Lambda <0$$Λ<0and Lorentzian signature, it was known [23] that conformal flatness at$${\mathscr {I}}$$Iis sufficient forDand$$\mathring{g}_{(n)}$$g˚(n)to agree up to a universal constant. We recover and extend this result to general signature and any sign of non-zero$$\Lambda $$Λ. We then explore whether conformal flatness of$${\mathscr {I}}$$Iis also neceesary and link this to the validity of long-standing open conjecture that no non-trivial purely magnetic$$\Lambda $$Λ-vacuum spacetimes exist. In the case of$${\mathscr {I}}$$Inon-conformally flat we determine a quantity constructed from an auxiliary metric which can be used to retrieve$$\mathring{g}_{(n)}$$g˚(n)from the (now singular) electric part of the Weyl tensor. We then concentrate in the$$\Lambda >0$$Λ>0case where the Cauchy problem at$${\mathscr {I}}$$Iof the Einstein vacuum field equations is known to be well-posed when the data at$${\mathscr {I}}$$Iare analytic or when the spacetime has even dimension. We establish a necessary and sufficient condition for analytic data at$${\mathscr {I}}$$Ito generate spacetimes with symmetries in all dimensions. These results are used to find a geometric characterization of the Kerr-de Sitter metrics in all dimensions in terms of its geometric data at null infinity.
Matriphagy in five species of the genus Anelosimus (Araneae: Theridiidae)
Authors: de Fatima Rocha Dias M. , Rios V.P. , Vasconcellos-Neto J. , Viera C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Parental care has evolved numerous times in many taxonomic groups of animals. Matriphagy, as an extreme example of parental care, is present in many social species, subsocial species, and even in solitary spiders. Here, we describe matriphagy in five species of Anelosimus of different levels of sociality: social (A. dubiosus), intermediate social (A. jabaquara), subsocial (A. vierae, A. baeza), and solitary (A. nigrescens). Each group contained a female and its brood, maintained under standardized laboratory conditions. All species showed matriphagy, regardless of their social level. Further studies are necessary to clarify whether matriphagy is a necessary precondition for the evolution of sociality in spiders, or if it is phylogenetically conserved in some families.
Ontogeny of scent marking behaviours in an apex carnivore
Authors: Allen Maximilian L. , Wittmer Heiko U. , Alexander Emmarie P. , Wilmers Christopher C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Puma (Puma concolor) communication with conspecifics is via indirect scent marking behaviours that are important for individuals to advertise their territory and reproductive status, but little is known about how the behaviours develop with age. To examine the development of scent marking behaviours, we monitored the behaviours of adult pumas and dependent kittens. Based on video recordings, we found that the frequency of puma communication behaviours significantly changed over time. Kittens exhibited olfactory investigation more frequently as they aged, but kittens generally did not exhibit scent marking behaviours. Kittens travel with their mothers until they disperse, so there is no need to establish territories or advertise availability to mate, but kittens are at risk of injury or mortality from other pumas. It is possible that there is no functional need for dependent kittens to scent mark until they mature, but there is a need for frequent use of investigative behaviours.
Breeding behaviour of ectotherms at high latitudes: the case of the natterjack toad Epidalea calamita at its northern range limit
Authors: Saare Linda , Rannap Riinu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We explored the breeding behaviour of a threatened amphibian, the natterjack toad, at its northern range limit in Estonia, to determine the extent to which reproduction is affected by harsh and unstable climatic conditions. Using photo identification of specimens, we found that in optimal weather conditions males formed three breeding cohorts, while in adverse conditions only a single cohort occurred and under extreme conditions reproduction was skipped entirely. During the extended breeding season, larger males participated in reproduction throughout the breeding period, while smaller males appeared in later cohorts. Breeding success was related to the calling effort of a male, where larger males had greater mating success than smaller ones. We found that the natterjack toad males exhibit significant plasticity in reproductive behaviour at the northern range limit, which, given the energetic cost of reproduction and the increased risk of predation, allows them to increase their fitness at high latitudes.
Post-true Politics and Secular-Religious Relations
Authors: Katz Yaron 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Post-true is defined as partial information that is aimed at achieving a political goal while using the truth but not the whole truth. The paper examines the impact of post-true politics in political systems, concentrating on the secular-religious relations in Israeli politics. The significant of Israeli politics as a test case to examine the validity of post-true in modern politics is since a long-standing compromise has identified Israeli politics and society on religious issues. This compromise consists of an agreed status-que under which all segments of society accept a post-true environment and agree not to agree and not to argue on the volatile issue of state and religion relations. The examination is based on analysis of post-true in Israeli politics according to four leading theories of truth: correspondence, coherence, pragmatic and pluralistic. The purpose of explicating the four theories is to show that the relations between secular and religious groups can be examined according to different standards for truth. The paper predicts that the social, political and religious conflict that identifies Israel since its establishment is going to continue with full force in the years to come, since the post-true environment that this conflict is based upon serves the social aspirations and the political interests of different political parties.
The Rhythm of Communal Identity
Authors: Okpaleke Ikenna Paschal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The relationship between language, music and cultural identity has always been of special interest in the social sciences, especially in the areas of anthropology, social psychology and ethnomusicology. The main argument revolves on how language reflected through music positively impacts on the identity of a social group, and what happens where this is lacking. Cultures die and languages go into extinction when there are no creative ways of keeping them alive. The aim of this essay is to investigate how the culture and language of a particular society could be safeguarded through music. Beyond the theoretical framework, I shall substantiate this investigation with the example of the Igbo people of Southeastern Nigeria, whose cultural identity is seriously threatened by the lack of interest in the local language among the people. Part of this disinterestedness is caused by the unique tendency of Igbo people to travel outside their original communities and to culturally adapt in their diaspora communities. This essay therefore aims at a) addressing this problem of identity through a sociological analysis of communal identity, and b) seeking how identity could be rediscovered through music that is delivered in a local language, illustrated with the example of Igbo cultural group. It is hoped that such analysis would aid in presenting another means of safeguarding endangered local languages, which invariably has a lot of implications for the cultural identity of the group involved. Of course, the analysis that is advanced here is not limited to the Igbo since the argument is based on a general epistemological function of music and language with respect to cultural identity.
Adverse neurological events after sodium tetradecyl sulfate foam sclerotherapy – A prospective, observational study of 8056 treatments
Authors: Davies Huw OB , Watkins Mike , Oliver Richard , Berhane Sarah , Bradbury Andrew W 
Published: October 2021

Background Ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) is a flexible and highly utilised tool in the treatment of varicose veins (VVs), both as a primary treatment and as an adjunct to other treatments. Concern remains regarding the risk of neurological adverse events (AEs) such as migraine, visual disturbance and serious adverse events (SAEs) such as cerebrovascular accident that have been reported after UGFS treatments. Aim To determine the incidence of neurological AEs and SAEs after UGFS. Methods A prospective, multicentre, post-authorisation safety study across Europe (both private and government) was performed between January 2015–2020. Neurological adverse events after UGFS with Fibrovein® (Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate) 1 and 3% physician generated foam. Results 8056 patients underwent treatment. There were 46 AE (including 5 SAEs), 30 (65%) SAEs were in female patients. Mean age was 55 years with mean body mass index (BMI) of 27. Univariable logistic regression demonstrate that UGFS only treatment (i.e. no adjunctive treatment), liquid-to-gas ratio, gas type and total foam volume (1% sodium tetradecyl sulfate, STS) were significantly associated with the odds of experiencing the outcome. Multivariable logistic regression model exhibits that migraine and total foam volume (1% STS) maintained statistical significance thus associated with the odds of adverse events. Conclusions This study demonstrates that UGFS with Fibrovein is safe with a very low incidence of neurological AEs and SAEs. Past history of migraine, use of physiological gas (O2/CO2) and increasing volumes of 1% foam increase the risk of AEs.
Theory and Practice of Crisis in Political Economy: The Case of the Great Recession in Spain
Authors: Mateo Juan Pablo 
Published: October 2021

This paper addresses Marx’s theory of crisis in order to analyze the Great Recession in Spain, a peripheral economy within the Eurozone. It demonstrates that underlying the problem of the “housing bubble” is an incapacity to generate surplus value, which in turn explains certain particularities related to capital composition, productivity, wages, and finance. The article further carries out a critique of both orthodox and heterodox approaches that focus on (1) profit squeeze caused by labor market rigidities, (2) underconsumption due to stagnant wages, and (3) finances, interest rates, and indebtedness JEL classification: B14, E11, E20, E43, J30
Diagnostic Value of Thromboelastography (TEG) for the Diagnosis of Death in Infected Patients
Authors: Xuan Jingchao , Wang Junyu , Wei Bing 
Published: October 2021

In this study, we want to investigate the clinical value of each index of thromboelastography (TEG) on the prognosis of infected patients. The clinical baseline data and TEG test results of 431 infected patients in our hospital’s emergency department between January 2018 and December 2018 were selected. And the patients were divided into death and survival groups to analyze the predictive value of each index of TEG and the joint model on the death of infected patients. In the correlation study of C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) with each TEG parameter, CRP was positively correlated with maximum amplitude (MA, r  =  0.145, P  =  .003) and elasticity constants (E, r  =  0.098, P  =  .043), respectively. PCT was positively correlated with coagulation reaction time (R, r  =  0.124, P  =  .010) and time to MA (TMA) ( r  =  0.165, P  =  .001), respectively; PCT was negatively correlated with α-Angle ( r  =  0.124, P  =  .010) and coagulation index (CI, r  =  −0.108, P  =  .026), respectively. Multifactorial regression analysis showed that granulocytes, thrombocytes, platelet distribution width (PDW), and infection site were independent influences on infected patients’ death. Diagnostic data showed that all eight TEG indicators had good specificity for predicting death, but all had poor sensitivity; thrombodynamic potential index (TPI) had the best diagnostic value (area under the curve, AUC  =  0.609, P  =  .002). The eight-indicator modeling of TEG showed that the TEG model combined with PCT and CRP, respectively, had lower diagnostic efficacy than PCT (AUC  =  0.756, P < .001); however, TEG had better specificity (82.73%) when diagnosed independently. The granulocytes, thrombocytes, PDW, and infection site are independent influencing factors of death in infected patients. Each index of TEG has better specificity in the diagnosis of death in infected patients.