bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The diachromatic number of double star graph
Authors: Kusumastuti Nilamsari , Raventino  , Fran Fransiskus 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We are interested in the extension for the concept of complete colouring for oriented graph

G
→

that has been proposed in many different notions by several authors (Edwards, Sopena, and Araujo-Pardo in 2013, 2014, and 2018, respectively). An oriented colouring is complete if for every ordered pair of colours, at least one arc in

G
→

whose endpoints are coloured with these colours. The diachromatic number, dac

(

G
→

)

, is the greatest number of colours in a complete oriented colouring. In this paper, we establish the formula of diachromatic numbers for double star graph,

k

1
,
n
,
n

→

, over all possible orientations on the graph. In particular, if din
(u) = 0 (resp. dout(u) = 0)and din
(wi
) = 1 (resp. dout
(w
1) = 1) for all i, then dac

(

k

1
,
n
,
n

→

)
=

⌊

n

⌋

+
1

, where u is the internal vertex and w

i
, i ∈ {1,…, n}, is the pendant vertices of the digraph.
Solving transportation problem using modified ASM method
Authors: Nopiyana  , Affandi P , Lestia A S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Transportation problems are related to activities aimed at minimizing the cost of distributing goods from a source to a destination. One of the methods used to solve transportation problems is the ASM Method as a method capable of producing optimal direct solutions without having to determine the initial basic feasible solution first. Determination of the allocation of goods in the ASM Method uses a reduced cost of 0 by calculating the maximum amount in the allocation of goods. Then the ASM method is modified so that the iteration used is simpler in obtaining the optimal direct solution without calculating the maximum number of row and column elements. The method is called Modified ASM Method. This method also provides more optimal results than the ASM method. This research aimed to solve transportation problems using the Modified ASM method to produce optimal solutions directly. The research procedure identifies and forms a model of transportation problems (variable decisions, objective functions and constraint functions), identifies types of transportation problems (balanced or unbalanced), and obtains direct solutions by solving transportation problems using the Modified ASM method. This research shows that the Modified ASM method successfully solves the problem of balanced and unbalanced transportation by producing optimal solutions in a simpler way than the ASM method.
1st International Conference on Physical Problems of Engineering (1st ICPPE)
Authors: Ruge J C , Torres-Ramírez J E , Barba-Ortega J , Dueñas L M , V-Niño E D 
Published: November 2021

The reciprocal contribution that physics has had in engineering and engineering in physics is undeniable. The First International Conference on Physical Problems of Engineering (1st ICPPE) tries to highlight this symbiotic relationship between both sciences through different presentations that reflected their results in separate articles that will be published in the Journal of Physics: Conference Series.
List of Organizing Committee, National Scientific Committee, International Scientific Committee, Sponsor, Partners, Images are available in this pdf.
Flow hydraulic simulation through two sand traps, using Ansys fluent
Authors: Rodríguez C D , De Plaza J S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics is a tool that allows to simulate and observe the behavior of any fluid, based on a physical, hydraulic, and hydrodynamic analysis. This research analyses the behavior of the flow in a sand trap, which is a structure used to remove sand particles with a minimum size of 0.10 mm, prior to treatment in a drinking-water plant. The objective of this study is to determine the highest efficiency between two sand traps, one with a double smooth screen and the other with a double perforated screen (with diffusers), based on the simulation and analysis behavior of the flow inside each sand trap. The methodology used includes the traditional design of each unit based on Hazen’s model and Stokes viscosity law, to later carry out the numerical model simulation from Ansys Fluent (pre-processing, processing, and post-processing). The result shows that perforated double screen sand trap generates a removal efficiency of 78%, while the smooth double screen 28%. In addition, other four units of interleaved screens are proposed, in these cases efficiencies of up to 50% are observed and it is shown that it is necessary to implement at least two perforated screens (with diffusers) to guarantee an efficiency greater than 70%. Hydraulic simulation has a broad impact on infrastructure works and consulting.
Differential microwave sensor based on microstrip lines loaded with a split-ring resonator for dielectric characterization of materials
Authors: Zapata-Londoño J , Umaña-Idárraga F , Morales-Guerra J , Arias-Gómez S , Valencia-Balvin C , Reyes-Vera E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, we propose a microwave sensor that allows the characterization of dielectric materials based on a differential configuration. A microstrip permittivity sensor of the surrounding material is proposed using a split ring-resonator to measure differentially. The geometry was optimized and was numerically analyzed using CST STUDIO. The numerical analysis of the metamaterial unit cells is carried out first, to determine the operating band. After that, the metamaterial cell was employed to design the differential microstrip permittivity sensor. The obtained results reveal that the proposed sensor has the capability to characterize different materials whose relative dielectric permittivity’s are in the range of 9.8 to 80 with great performance. The device has a total size of 86 mm × 60 mm and operates around 3 GHz. In this band, the sensor reaches a sensibility of 2.89 MHz and a Q-factor of 70.15. Thus, this work shows a compact, reusable, label-free, and non-destructive microwave sensing device and paves the way for high accuracy sensing of the dielectric properties of different materials due to its high- Q-factor as well as high sensitivity.
Fluid-dynamic study of the behavior of the air inside a textile Stenter
Authors: Parra J W , Quadri M B , Rodríguez D C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the textile industry, drying is one of the most important processes. This process requires large investments and high energy consumption, which generates high costs for companies in this sector. In this work, a modeling of the behavior of the air was carried out in a textile Stenter, under real operating conditions through the development of fluid-dynamic simulations. For the computational modeling of the problem, a 3D geometry was constructed based on measurements taken from an injector of a textile Stenter. The standard k-ε turbulence model was used in the turbulent flow solution. The equations of the model were solved numerically using the finite element method. The standard k-ϵ turbulence model proved to be a model capable of reproducing the behavior of the air in the injectors of the textile Stenter.
Influence of the formulation of a flux-cored wire on the microstructure and hardness of welded metal
Authors: Amaral E C , Jácome-Carrascal J L , Moreno-Uribe A M , Bracarense A Q 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
For this paper, the microstructure and hardness of the weld metal were investigated by conducting experiments with the flux cored arc welding process in underwater and air conditions. A rutile/oxidizing tubular wire was used, manufactured by the Robotics, Welding and Simulation Laboratory at Minas Gerais Federal University, especially for underwater wet welding. Underwater welds had a lower volumetric fraction of acicular ferrite in the weld metal compared to air welds. In the thermally affected zone, for both welds, there was a predominant formation of martensite. However, the grain size and width of the thermally affected zone of underwater welds are smaller. The hardness values shown correspond to the microstructure formed in the weld metal. On the other hand, in the region of the thermally affected zone, the hardness values were higher underwater welds, due to the smaller martensite grains presented.
Evaluation of mineral oils as matrices for AISI/SAE–1020 steel naphthenic corrosion study
Authors: Conde-Rodríguez G R , Sanabria-Cala J A , Mancilla Estupiñán R A , Laverde Cataño D A , Núñez Castañeda M C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Petrochemical industry has suffered great economic impact due to light crude oil reserves reduction, so refineries have been processing high acidity heavy crude oils. Studies of corrosion caused by naphthenic acids are interfered by presence of other corrosive agents contained in real crude oils, so naphthenic phenomenon must be isolated using synthetic crude oils. For this reason, in present work two high purity mineral oils were used to evaluate their efficiency as synthetic crude oil matrices in AISI/SAE–1020 steel naphthenic corrosion study. Temperature levels evaluated were 200 °C, 250 °C, and 300 °C, while exposure times evaluated were 5, 10 and 15 hours. Surface morphological characterization of AISI/SAE–1020 steel was carried out using scanning electron microscopy and X–ray diffraction. Gravimetric tests showed that AISI/SAE–1020 steel naphthenic corrosion rate increases with temperature and exposure time for one of the synthetic crude oils. However, results obtained for the other synthetic crude oil did not show increasing behaviour due to presence of sulfur traces in the oil, which caused an interference with AISI/SAE–1020 steel naphthenic corrosion study, reducing the reliability of gravimetric results so they cannot be extrapolated to operating conditions in distillation units.
Durability assessment of concretes reinforced with steel and synthetic fibers in Colombia
Authors: Carrillo J , Guerrero N , Arroyo O , Rodríguez A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In recent years, the use of steel fibers has increased in Colombia, optimizing structure designs, quality specifications and mechanical behavior. However, the concrete durability and resistance to aggressive environments such as sulfates and chlorides are not commonly evaluated. This paper includes results of durability analysis for 21 MPa compressive strength concretes reinforces with steel and synthetic fibers. Performance parameters measured during tests include sulfate resistance, chlorides penetration, and carbonation according to technical standards. The Variables of experimental program were fiber type and fiber dosage. Dosages for synthetic fibers were 1.5 kg/m3, 3.0 kg/m3 and 5.0 kg/m3, and for steel fibers were 5.0 kg/m3, 9.0 kg/m3 and 18 kg/m3. Results of the study were used to propose recommendations for reducing concrete deterioration when exposed to these aggressive environments and for extending the durability service life.
Numerical study of the physical processes of gas leakage in the compression ring in diesel engines
Authors: Pabón León J A , Rojas Suárez J P , Orjuela Abril M S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this research, the construction of a numerical model is proposed for the analysis of the friction processes and the thickness of the lubrication film present in the compression ring of internal combustion engines. The model is built using MATLAB software, and three load conditions are used as reference (2 Nm, 4 Nm, and 6 Nm) with a rotation speed of 3600 rpm, which correspond to a stationary single-cylinder diesel engine. Comparison between model estimates and experimental results show that the development model could predict the actual engine conditions. The deviation between the numerical model and the experimental data was 17%. It was shown that the increase in engine load causes a 16% increase in the friction force of the compression ring, which implies a 50% increase in power loss due to friction processes. In general, the model developed allows the analysis of the friction processes in the compression ring and its effect on the lubrication film, considering the leakage of the combustion gases. In this way, the construction of a more complex mathematical model is achieved, which allows improving the precision in the analyzes related to the interaction between the compression ring and the cylinder liner.
Using implementation of artificial intelligence in estimating the exchange rate in the foreign exchange market
Authors: Devia Narvaez D F , Ospina R , Mesa F 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Foreign Exchange currency market is considered the most liquid market in the world due to the amount of money that is traded every day. Researchers and investors are interested in having a system that allows predicting the direction of the exchange rate of a pair of currencies in order to create a strategy that allows them to profit from the market. Since the movement of the exchange rate between currencies generates a high frequency time series, recurrent neural networks have gained strength in the prediction of these markets, since they have the characteristic of generating models of non-linear systems. In this document, the study of the prediction of the direction of the exchange rate of different currencies was carried out using the recurrent auto-regressive neural network with exogenous inputs, which has the characteristics to obtain a predictive model of a time series. The tests were carried out in the Euro / Dollar pair in the time frame of one hour, demonstrating the potential of this neural network architecture. These techniques are products of the biological and physical sciences in industrial processes.
Energy lost in endothermic reactions in the production of clay blocks in a continuous kiln
Authors: Guerrero Gómez G , Afanador García N , Nolasco Serna C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In Ocaña, Norte de Santander, Colombia, the production of ceramic materials is done in a traditional and empirical manner, generating heat losses, low productivity and product quality, and increased emissions of polluting gases into the environment. A virtual instrument for temperature data acquisition was developed and the firing process was monitored in two loading doors of a Hoffman kiln. 29040 blocks were produced, and 1370.76 kg of pulverized charcoal were consumed. The firing process lasted sixty-two hours and the virtual instrument was programmed to record data every 5 minutes. The energy supplied to the brick kiln was 340.16x106 kJ and the heat due to loading of the products and heat lost in the endothermic reactions of the clay was 107.71x106 kJ and 105.71x106 kJ respectively, representing 31.66% and 31.08% of the energy supplied. The results have made it possible to establish trends in the temperatures and energy consumed in the endothermic reactions in the clay. This will allow the implementation of coal quality and grinding procedures, increasing energy efficiency, and reducing gas emissions into the environment, thus avoiding acute respiratory diseases.
Analysis of the application of physics in the design and construction of architectural projects. The Eiffel Tower
Authors: González-Almeyda J D , Ayala-Garcia E T , Prada-Nuñez R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article studied the impact and application of physical concepts in the design and construction of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, an architectural reference that implemented physical concepts in its structural design. A documentary methodological framework was used to establish the importance of the Eiffel Tower in the universal exposition of Paris in 1989 and, to carry out the structural analysis of the work; a quantitative-descriptive approach was used for the recognition of the basic concepts of physics from architecture according to gender, through a survey as a research instrument developed under non-probability and convenience sampling, which was applied to students of Architecture of the Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, Colombia, in order to determine the knowledge of basic physics by students. The results of this research showed that the Eiffel Tower represents a milestone in architecture where physical concepts such as tension, compression, traction, aerodynamics, and torque were applied. Finally, it was evidenced that the students who participated in this study recognize the importance of applying the basic concepts of physics in architecture; fact by which it is recommended to encourage the study of physics, to strengthen the technological component of Architecture.
Conjoint analysis of consumer preferences for pineapple fruit in Labuhan Batu District, North Sumatra
Authors: Hernosa S P , Siregar L A M , Hanum C , Supriana T 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine consumer characteristics and attributes, and level of pineapple fruit, which are consumers’ preferences in Labuhan Batu District, North Sumatra Province. The largest peatland is on the east coast, namely in the Labuhan Batu District area of 192 thousand ha. Some research results support that pineapple is tolerant of high soil acidity levels, adaptive to peat swampland that is tolerant of pH 3‒4. Based on this, pineapple is a potential plant in Labuhan Batu District, so sustainable pineapple cultivation is needed. By understanding the characteristics, attributes of pineapple level, from consumer preferences, it is hoped that marketing and determining sales strategies can be adjusted to market demand: methods, conjoint analysis. The characteristics of the consumers used are gender, age, education level, type of work, family income per month, number of family members, and purchase frequency for attributes, taste, size, taste, color, and texture. The results of the study, the characteristics of age 25‒44 are consumers who consume the most pineapples. The combination of pineapple fruit that consumers like, fruit with a sweet taste, large size, strong taste, soft and smooth texture, and yellowish-green color. This can be considered in determining the target market and marketing strategy for pineapple in Labuhan Batu District, North Sumatra Province.
Transformation of labor participation on off-farm diversification: insights from rural households in Indonesia
Authors: Asih D N 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study analyses the rural transformation and the determinants of off-farm work diversification in Indonesia. Based on employment growth, the study explores the transformation of the labour sector to off-farm work as an alternative income source in mitigating the decreasing carrying capacity of the agricultural sector. Using a panel data set from rural households in Central Sulawesi, the study applied a random logit model to account for the determinants of off-farm participation and economic mobility over time. The results show that crop failure is a key driver of off-farm work diversification which is further compounded by several factors including asset holdings, the age and education level of the household head by 51.1%, 21.77%, 1.59% and 18.59% respectively. These results confirm that ‘these push’ factors are motivating the rural household on off-farm labour allocation, which indicate the implications of economic transformation through the diversification of income sources and labour allocation away from agriculture subsystems in rural areas in Indonesia.
Factors affecting sustainability of agricultural machinery assistance program
Authors: Azis M , Saputra Y H , Setiyanto A 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne of the Ministry of Agriculture’s efforts to support agricultural development is by providing equipment and machinery assistance. There are many multi-dimensional problems, both technical, socio-cultural, economic, and environmental. This study aimed to analyze the sustainability status of the agricultural equipment and machinery assistance program. This research was conducted in 2020 with the object of the two-wheeled tractor and four-wheeled tractor assistance program in 2018-2019. Research location covers six districts, the selection of site determined by the provinces considered the most successful and the least successful in realizing activities. The sustainability status of the activity program was analyzed using Multidimensional Scale Analysis. The collected data and information through structured questionnaires from 47 institutional respondents and literature studies, both printed and electronic. The results showed that agricultural equipment and machinery assistance program (TR2 and TR4) was less sustainable. The comparison of the MDS value and Monte Carlo’s analysis was 49.93, with an R2value of 89%. The S-Stress statistical test is still relatively high, namely 0.30 (above 0.25), which means improvements and refinement needs from the implementation aspect. Improvements from various elements are divides into two groups. First, leverage factors that encourage the sustainability and success of the implementation of activities, and the second is the improvement of the performance of TR2 and TR4 beneficiary groups. Policy recommendations for implementing future program activities are a strict selection of potential beneficiaries and improvements in the management aspects of beneficiaries at the farmer level by providing guidance.
The characteristics and tourism destination criteria of coffee plantation agritourism
Authors: Wiyono S N , Kusumo R A B , Syamsiyah N , Rochdiani D , Kumoro P S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The coffee plantation agritourism (CPA) is one of the new type of tourism destinations in West Java, Indonesia. The application of sustainable agritourism is used as an effort to increase the number of tourists who are interested in nature tourism. At this CPA the number of tourists is still low and has not implemented sustainable agritourism. The puIDRoses of this study is to identify this agritourism’s characteristics that referred to the perception of tourists towards CPA “K Farmers” and the “K Farmers” achievements of the indicators of sustainable tourism destinations. The methodology of the study is case study by a qualitative design. The result of this study showed that the perception of tourists “K Farmers” is in high level with a perception index value of 33, so it can be concluded that the perception of tourists to Coffee Tourism “K Farmers” is “good”. The criteria of sustainable tourism destinations according to the guidelines from the Minister of Tourism Regulation, CPA “K Farmers” has been and is developing with almost all the criteria in the regulation, but there are still criteria that have not been met by “K Farmers”. This research implies that agritourism business owners need to pay attention to sustainable destination guidelines as a reference in developing their business and meeting the adaptation requirements of climate change, tourism asset and attraction records, access for all, crisis and emergency management.