bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superhydrophobic wood surface fabricated by Cu2O nano-particles and stearic acid: its acid/alkali and wear resistance
Authors: Zhan Ke , Xia Sengwei , Lu Quanxiong , Cheng Ruifeng , Jiang Haiqiu , Yi Tengfei , Morrell Jeffrey , Yang Long , Xie Linkun , Lei Hong , Du Guanben , Gao Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Reducing the hydrophilic nature of wood could enhance dimensional stability and improve life cycle performance. Masson pine and pecan wood were modified to create superhydrophobic, self-cleaning functions by spray-coating with Cu2O nano-particles (Cu2O NPs)/phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin mixed solution followed by immersion in a stearic acid ethanol solution. Two types of Cu2O NPs, derived from different concentrations of copper chloride (CuCl2) were evaluated for their ability to improve hydrophobicity of wood surface. A special petal-shaped structure on the edge of Cu2O NPs was found on modified pecan wood, and water contact angles (WCA) of both kind of modified wood reached around 155° and sliding angles (SA) less than 10°. Meanwhile, low liquid permeability and excellent repellency to aqueous solutions with pH = 1 to 13 were achieved. The critical WCA around 150° was also maintained on modified wood surfaces after being immersed in strong acid (pH = 2) and strong alkali (pH = 12) solutions for 12 h. Furthermore, remarkable mechanical durability was obtained after harsh abrading test, which could be attributed to the high bond strength from cured PF resin adhesive. Such highly waterproof, acid/alkali resistant and hard-wearing superhydrophobic surface must have potential to be widely applied in wood products industry.
Exposure to prolonged unpredictable light impairs spatial memory via induction of oxidative stress and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in rats
Authors: Faborode Oluwaseun S. , Yusuf Issa O. , Okpe Paschal O. , Okudaje Ann O. , Onasanwo Samuel A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The human body physiology rapidly changes and adapt to several environmental stimuli, including light. Abnormal artificial light exposures have been shown to affect sleep cycle, cognition, and mood. Although studies have reported inconsistent effects of short-term or constant long-term light exposures, human exposures to artificial lights occur at varying, unpredictable times and duration daily. Here, we studied the effects of long-term unpredictable light exposure on learning, memory, oxidative status, and associated cytokines in rats.

Methods
Artificial lighting was provided using an array of white light-emitting diodes coupled to a microcontroller that switches them on or off at unpredictable times and duration (light intensity = 200 ± 20 lx). Within the last eight days of 40 days exposure, animals were subjected to open field test, Morris water maze, and novel object recognition behavioral paradigms. Brain levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were assayed.

Results
Exposed rats showed impaired spatial learning and memory (p<0.05), but no changes in object recognition memory or locomotor activity. Oxidative stress analyses also revealed significant changes in the concentrations of MDA, SOD, catalase, and GSH levels (p<0.05), not GST. Similarly, there was an increased TNF-α expression (p<0.05), not VEGF.

Conclusions
We conclude that oxidative stress is involved in memory impairment in rats exposed to prolonged unpredictable lights, which again suggests the detrimental effects of extended light exposure on the nervous system.
Algogen-induced vasosensory reflexes modulate short-term heart rate variability parameters in experimental rat models
Authors: Revand Ravindran , Singh Sanjeev K. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The present work was designed to study the modulatory effects of algogen-induced vasosensory reflex responses on short-term heart rate variability (HRV) parameters in naïve and vagotomized rat models.

Methods
In this study, vasosensory reflex responses were elicited by instilling algogens (bradykinin/histamine), a component of inflammatory mediators into a local segment of medium-sized peripheral blood vessel (femoral artery) while a continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded. Short-term (5 min) ECG segments obtained from original recordings were examined in detail and relevant data of HRV parameters were pooled. Time domain and frequency domain analyses were performed using dedicated software (LabChart 8, AD Instruments®, Australia) and results were analyzed.

Results
Bradykinin-induced vasosensory reflexes caused significant alterations in both time domain and frequency domain HRV parameters as compared to the time-matched saline control group. Instillation of bradykinin caused a transient increase in NN interval, RMSSD, TSP, HF power (HFP) along with a decrease in the standard deviation of all normal NN intervals (SDNN), SDNN/RMSSD, LF power (LFP), LFP/HFP. Histamine produced a similar pattern of responses, but HRV alterations were less pronounced compared to those with bradykinin. Further analysis revealed that algogen-induced vasosensory reflex responses caused an increase in the parasympathetic influence on the heart accompanied by a decrease in sympathetic influence. In addition, HRV modulation by algogen-induced vasosensory reflexes was significantly attenuated in vagotomized rats, illustrating the principal role of vagus in the reflex HRV modulation.

Conclusions
The present study proposes a novel hypothesis regarding the cardio-protective role of inflammatory mediators during acute stress, by potentiating the vagal impact and attenuating the sympathetic impact on the heart.
Analyzing of UVLC system considering the effect of water depth
Authors: Al-Deen Mustafa B. , Ali Mazin Ali A. , Saleh Zeyad A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a new approach to discover the effect of depth water for underwater visible light communications (UVLC). The quality of the optical link was investigated with varying water depth under coastal water types. The performance of the UVLC with multiple input–multiple output (MIMO) techniques was examined in terms of bit error rate (BER) and data rate. The theoretical result explains that there is a good performance for UVLC system under coastal water.
Eccentricity based topological indices of face centered cubic lattice FCC(n)
Authors: Shaker Hani , Imran Muhammad , Sajjad Wasim 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chemical graph theory has become a prime gadget for mathematical chemistry due to its wide range of graph theoretical applications for solving molecular problems. A numerical quantity is named as topological index which explains the topological characteristics of a chemical graph. Recently face centered cubic lattice FCC(n) attracted large attention due to its prominent and distinguished properties. Mujahed and Nagy (2016, 2018) calculated the precise expression for Wiener index and hyper-Wiener index on rows of unit cells of FCC(n). In this paper, we present the ECI (eccentric-connectivity index), TCI (total-eccentricity index), CEI (connective eccentric index), and first eccentric Zagreb index of face centered cubic lattice.
Quasi-stability and continuity of attractors for nonlinear system of wave equations
Authors: Freitas M. M. , Dos Santos M. J. , Ramos A. J. A. , Vinhote M. S. , Santos M. L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we study the long-time behavior of a nonlinear coupled system of wave equations with damping terms and subjected to small perturbations of autonomous external forces. Using the recent approach by Chueshov and Lasiecka in [21], we prove that this dynamical system is quasi-stable by establishing a quasistability estimate, as consequence, the existence of global and exponential attractors is proved. Finally, we investigate the upper and lower semicontinuity of global attractors under autonomous perturbations.
Production of fines from refined kraft pulp by fractionation with micro-perforated screens
Authors: Björk Elisabeth , Vomhoff Hannes , Engstrand Per 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The objective in this work was to obtain a fine fraction of kraft pulp, with as high concentration as possible, in a pilot-scale fractionation with micro-perforated screen baskets. The influence of screen basket surface, hole size, feed concentration, pulp type and refining segment design was investigated. The results showed that a smooth screen basket surface improved the fractionation efficiency of the unrefined pulp compared to a profiled screen basket, despite a larger hole size. A significantly higher fine fraction concentration was obtained when using refined hardwood pulp compared to when using softwood pulp, which was explained with its lower average fibre length and narrower and thus more flexible fibre fragments. The pilot trials also showed that the screening process could be operated at feed concentrations similar to those directly after a refiner, 30–40 g/l. This was demonstrated in a process layout with partial recirculation where a refiner and a micro-perforated screen basket were operated in series in pilot scale.
Formal Credit Constraint and Prevalence of Reciprocal Loans in Rural China
Authors: Zhao Jianmei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The unique feature of the rural credit market in China is the dominance of zero collateral and zero-interest reciprocal lending and its long-term coexistence with the formal loan. This paper investigates the association between formal credit constraint and prevalence of reciprocal loans in rural China. Based on the identification of rural households’ credit constraint status, we examine the effects of credit constraint on the utilization of informal reciprocal loans. We find that formal credit constraint significantly increases rural borrowers’ reliance on reciprocal loans, whereas the “debt of gratitude” imposes an uncertain obligation on rural borrowers, and discourages them from borrowing amongst relatives and friends.
Predictive Policing als Treiber rechtlicher Innovation?
Authors: Egbert Simon 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIn zahlreichen Polizeibehörden im deutschsprachigen Raum werden algorithmengestützte Prognosetechnologien angewendet, die vorhersagebasierte Polizeiarbeit (Predictive Policing) ermöglichen sollen. Gegenwärtig werden dabei vor allem auf Basis von polizeilichen Kriminalitätsdaten Vorhersagen über die Wahrscheinlichkeit zukünftiger Wohnungseinbruchdiebstähle für bestimmte raumzeitliche Konstellationen generiert. Diese polizeiliche Nutzung von Prognosesoftware wird in diesem Beitrag als mögliche rechtsexterne Innovation analysiert, die auf Grund ihrer temporalen Neukonfiguration polizeilichen Wissens und ihrer algorithmischen Fundierung erhebliches Potential für legislative und judikative Adaptionen enthält, da die existierenden polizei- und strafrechtlichen Regelungen mit diesen neuen, algorithmengestützten Polizeipraktiken an ihre Grenzen stoßen. Unter Rückgriff auf qualitative Daten über die Durchführung von Predictive Policing im deutschsprachigen Raum wird diese These empirisch fundiert plausibilisiert und mithin Predictive Policing als Treiber rechtlicher Innovationen konturiert. Den Hintergrund dieser Überlegungen bildet die Überzeugung, dass neue Technologien intendierte wie auch nicht-intendierte Folgeeffekte haben, die gerade auf praktischer Alltagsebene wirksam werden und auf diese Weise Rechtskreationenfrom belowanimieren können.
Die Verfassung gesellschaftlicher Mehrwerte
Authors: Teubner Gunther 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Artikel bestreitet das Alleinstellungsmerkmal des ökonomischen Profits in fortgeschrittenen kapitalistischen Gesellschaften und stellt die These auf, dass analoge Mehrwertzwänge ebenso im Recht und in anderen sozialen Bereichen wirken und diese auch nicht einfach ein Produkt ökonomischer Prozesse sind. Nicht nur die Ökonomie, sondern auch andere Funktionssysteme, darunter das Recht, zwingen ihre Operationen dazu, einen spezifischen – nun aber nicht-monetären – Mehrwert über ihre unmittelbare Sinnproduktion hinaus zu produzieren. Gegenstand der Mehrwertproduktion ist jeweils das systemspezifische Kommunikationsmedium – Macht, Wahrheit/Reputation, Geld, juridische Autorität und andere.Der Erfolg der unterschiedlichen Mehrwertzwänge ist verantwortlich für die immense Produktivität des Kapitalismus. Zugleich weisen diese Zwänge eine exzessive Ambivalenz auf: neben ihrer Produktivität haben sie eine destruktive dunkle Seite. Ähnlich wie die Profitzwänge in der Ökonomie verwirklichen die nicht-monetären Mehrwertzwänge im Recht und in anderen gesellschaftlichen Bereichen selbst- und fremddestruktive Tendenzen.Gegenstrategien des Rechts, welche die negativen Konsequenzen unterschiedlicher Mehrwertzwänge einzudämmen suchen, könnten sich von Karl Polanyis berühmten Konzept der fiktionalen Waren und ihrer Ersetzung durch Nicht-Markt-Institutionen inspirieren lassen. Die Rolle des Rechts wäre, eine gesellschaftsweite Reflexion über die Produktion und die Verteilung gesellschaftlicher Mehrwerte zu institutionalisieren, einschließlich der Mehrwerte des Rechts selbst.
Die Verwaltungspraxis in der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende – eine rechtstatsächliche Analyse am Beispiel der kommunalen Jobcenter
Authors: Banafsche Minou , Klenk Tanja 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Widerspruch gegen eine Behördenentscheidung ermöglicht es dem/der Bürger*in im Vorfeld einer gerichtlichen Auseinandersetzung, eine Überprüfung durch die Behörde herbeizuführen. Damit sollen ihm/ihr niedrigschwelliger Rechtsschutz gewährt, der Behörde die Möglichkeit zur Korrektur gegeben und die Gerichte entlastet werden. Wie gehen die Behörden nun aber mit dem Instrument des Widerspruchs tatsächlich um? Und was sagt das aus über dessen Bedeutung in der Verwaltungspraxis? Diese Fragen sind gesellschaftspolitisch relevant und auch wissenschaftlich von großem Interesse. Das gilt vor allem für die Bereiche, in denen die Klagequote gegen Widerspruchsbescheide auffallend hoch ist. Hier sticht die Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende hervor, die deshalb den rechtlichen Rahmen der Untersuchung bildet. Die wissenschaftliche Herausforderung erwächst daraus, dass die für die Grundsicherung unter anderem zuständigen kommunalen Jobcenter, die sog. „Optionskommunen“, insoweit eine „Blackbox“ darstellen, als sie kaum Einblicke in ihre internen Strukturen und Arbeitsabläufe zulassen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden eine Fokusgruppendiskussion und eine Befragung der hessischen Optionskommunen zu den Themen Organisation und Personal sowie Evaluation und Qualitätssicherung, einschließlich der behördeninternen und -übergreifenden Kommunikation, durchgeführt. Der Beitrag stellt die Ergebnisse vor und diskutiert, inwieweit die vorgefundenen Handlungs- und Entscheidungspraxen geeignet sind, den Funktionen des Widerspruchsverfahrens adäquat Rechnung zu tragen. Im Fokus steht dabei der Aspekt der Verfahrensgerechtigkeit.
Zur rechtssoziologischen Vermessung der Abschaffung, Transformation und Entformalisierung von Recht
Authors: Cottier Michelle 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Der Eröffnungsvortrag zum Vierten Kongress der deutschsprachigen Rechtssoziologie-Vereinigungen nimmt die drei begrifflichen Vorschläge des Call for Papers zum Kongress, Abschaffung, Transformation und Entformalisierung von Recht, zum Anlass, das Treffen in die Abfolge der drei bisherigen Konferenzen seit 2008 einzuordnen und aufzuzeigen, welche Diskussionsstränge sich durch die Konferenzreihe durchziehen. Diese inhaltliche Perspektive wird in einem zweiten Teil ergänzt durch einige Beobachtungen zu den strukturellen Wirkungen und Dynamiken, die die Dreiländer-Kongresse im Feld der deutschsprachigen „Recht und Gesellschaft“-Forschung ausgelöst haben. Der dritte Teil stellt die Frage, ob es gelungen ist, ein neues Forschungs-Netzwerk zu konstituieren und welche Aufgaben diesbezüglich anstehen.
Implicit Beliefs About Emotions in Youth: Associations With Temperamental Negative Emotionality and Depression
Authors: Crawford Christopher M. , Griffith Julianne M. , Hankin Benjamin L. , Young Jami F. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Individual differences in beliefs about the controllability of emotions are associated with a range of psychosocial outcomes, including depressive symptoms. Less is known, however, about factors contributing to individual differences in these beliefs. The current study examined prospective associations between negative emotionality (NE) and implicit beliefs about emotions, as well as the indirect effect of NE on depressive symptoms through implicit beliefs about emotions. Methods: In a sample of children and adolescents, NE was assessed at baseline, implicit beliefs about emotions were assessed 18 months later, and depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and 36 months later. Results: NE was associated with implicit beliefs about emotions, and an indirect effect of NE on depressive symptoms through implicit beliefs about emotions was observed. Discussion: NE represents a salient dispositional vulnerability factor contributing to individual differences in implicit beliefs about emotions, with implications for the development of depressive symptoms in youth.
Zoom or In-Person: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study the Effects of time With Friends and Depressive Symptoms on Affect in Emerging Adults
Authors: Kesselring Irena , Yaremych Haley E. , Pegg Samantha , Dickey Lindsay , Kujawa Autumn 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Depression is associated with increased negative affect (NA), low positive affect (PA), and interpersonal difficulties. The present study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to capture real-time data and explore the links between depressive symptoms, social interactions, and affect. Methods: Emerging adults (N = 86) completed a self-report measure of general depression and dysphoria symptoms, followed by EMA surveys 8 times daily for one week, reporting momentary affect and social context (in-person and virtual interactions). Results: In-person, but not virtual, presence of friends was associated with increased PA overall. Depressive symptoms predicted less time with in-person friends and elevated NA. In-person friends' presence was associated with lower NA only for those low in dysphoria. Discussion: In-person time with friends, but not virtual interactions, appears to be associated with increased PA overall and decreased NA for those lower in depression. Those with greater depressive symptoms may be less responsive to positive stimuli and experience less mood-buffering from friends.
Relation of kidney function and homocysteine in patients with hypothyroidism
Authors: Pan Qingrong , Gao Shuxin , Gao Xia , Yang Ning , Yao Zhi , Hu Yanjin , Miao Li , Chen Zhe , Wang Guang 
Published: April 2021

Objective
It has been found that both serum homocysteine (Hcy) and serum creatinine levels were increased in hypothyroidism patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between serum Hcy and kidney function in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism.

Methods
A total of 448 subjects were enrolled and divided into three groups: hypothyroidism (n = 129), subclinical hypothyroidism (n = 141), and control group (n = 168). Anthropometric information, metabolic parameters, serum Hcy and creatinine levels, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed.

Results
Compared with healthy subjects, patients with subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism had significantly higher serum Hcy and creatinine levels and lower eGFR level (all P < 0.001). Serum Hcy was negatively correlated with eGFR in subclinical hypothyroidism patients (r = −0.220, P = 0.009), and in hypothyroidism patients (r = −0.422, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex and BMI, eGFR was still significantly correlated with serum Hcy in subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism patients (both P < 0.05). Levothyroxine treatment resulted in significantly decreased Hcy and increased eGFR in hypothyroidism patients (both P < 0.001). The decrease in Hcy was correlated with the increased eGFR after treatment (P = 0.001).

Conclusion
Serum Hcy was negatively correlated with eGFR in subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism patients. After levothyroxine treatment, a correlation was found between the decrease in serum Hcy and the increase in eGFR in hypothyroidism patients.
Síntesis del conocimiento de la dieta vegetal de los murciélagos nectarívoros de México (Phyllostomidae:Glossophaginae)
Authors: Ortega-García Sthepanie , Saldaña-Vázquez Romeo A. 
Published: April 2021

Introducción: La interacción entre los murciélagos y las plantas es clave para la estabilidad de los ecosistemas y para industrias económicamente importantes, como la del tequila y mezcal en México. Por ello, es importante determinar el estado del conocimiento de la dieta vegetal de los murciélagos nectarívoros. En este estudio hicimos una revisión sistemática de literatura sobre las plantas que se han reportado como alimento de las especies de murciélagos nectarívoros glosofaginos de México. A partir de ello, identificamos las especies de murciélagos con mayor completitud en el conocimiento de su dieta, los géneros de plantas más consumidos y los territorios con vacíos de información para el país. Materiales y métodos: La búsqueda de literatura sobre dieta de glosofaginos se realizó en la base de datos Web of Science, en el buscador Google Scholar y en acervos digitales de universidades. Construimos curvas de rarefacción de riqueza de la dieta de los murciélagos, un mapa de calor de los géneros consumidos por especie, así como un mapa de las localidades de dieta en las diferentes provincias biogeográficas de México, para saber si el conocimiento de la dieta vegetal de estos murciélagos estaba relacionado con variables como el tamaño de provincia biogeográfica, presencia de plantas quiropterofílicas o riqueza de especies de murciélagos. Resultados: La dieta de los murciélagos se concentró en los géneros Agave spp., Pseudobombax spp. y Ceiba spp., los cuales proveen de alimento a más del 75 % de las especies de estudio. Leptonycteris yerbabuenae es la especie con mayor información sobre su dieta vegetal en México, mientras que Lichonycteris obscura es la especie con menos información. Ninguna especie de murciélago alcanzó un registro mayor al 65 % de la riqueza esperada. Las localidades donde se ha estudiado la dieta de estos murciélagos se concentran en provincias biogeográficas correspondientes a la región Neotropical del país. Discusión y Conclusiones: El conocimiento sobre la dieta de nectarívoros glosofaginos en México está lejos de estar completado. La distribución de localidades de dieta está sesgada en una gran parte de su distribución geográfica y parece relacionarse positivamente con áreas de mayor riqueza de especies de murciélagos.