bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress distribution and performance of threaded bolts in gasketed flange joints
Authors: Rino Nelson N. , Siva Prasad N. , Sekhar A.S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe performance of the flange joint depends on the relaxation of load in bolts. This in turn affects the gasket stress and control of leakage. A finite element model of flange joint with threaded bolt‐nut fastener having zero helix angle is developed and analyzed for stress distribution in the threaded bolt. The stress concentration factor at the thread root region is observed to be non‐uniform along the circumference due to the bending behavior of the bolt in the flange joint. The maximum stress is observed in the first engaged thread. The variation in bolt load due to internal fluid, thermal and external loads are also investigated for both single and twin‐gaskets (two concentric half‐sized single gaskets). The gasket material and gasket configuration are observed to be potential factors causing variation in the distribution of load in the flange joint. In a flange joint subjected to external bending load, the maximum stress concentration in the bolt is observed to be in the first thread, instead of the first engaged thread. Under external bending load, the flange joint loses its structural integrity before the traces of leakage occur in the joint.
Thermally sprayed coatings for the valve industry
Authors: Bobzin K. , Wietheger W. , Heinemann H. , Schulz M. , Oechsner M. , Engler T. , Scheerer H. , Joung Y. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn dieser Studie wird die Entwicklung verschiedener thermisch gespritzter Beschichtungen für den Einsatz im Armaturenbau diskutiert. Basierend auf etablierten Verschleißschutzschichten der Armaturenindustrie wurden verschiedene Festschmierstoffe in diese Beschichtungen integriert, um das Verschleiß‐ und Reibungsverhalten bei anwendungsnahen Belastungen für Armaturen zu verbessern. Für die Anwendungen wurden Verschleißschutzschichten auf Basis von WC/CoCr und Cr3C2/NiCr entwickelt. Als Festschmierstoffe wurden nickelumhülltes Graphit und hexagonales Bornitrid untersucht. Die Verfahrensvarianten Hochgeschwindigkeitsflammspritzen mit Sauerstoff (HVOF) und das neuartige Ultrahochgeschwindigkeitsflammspritzen (UHVOF) wurden untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass durch eine passende Beschichtungszusammensetzung eine Reduktion des Verschleißes von 53 % und der Reibung von 31 % unter anwendungsnahen Belastungen möglich ist.
Ultrafine‐grained Zn‐0.45Li alloy with enhanced mechanical property, degradation behavior and cytocompatibility prepared by hot extrusion and multi‐pass drawing
Authors: Deng L. , Guo P. , Li F. , Yang L. , Zhu X. , Xu C. , Zhang Q. , Shi Y. , Song Z. , Sun W. , Liu H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBiodegradable Zn‐0.45Li alloys with high strength and ductility were successfully fabricated by hot extrusion and multi‐pass drawing to obtain ultrafine‐grained microstructures with a secondary phase of fine LiZn4 participates. The mechanical properties, degradation behavior and cytocompatibility of the alloys were subsequently investigated. Results showed that grain refinement could be achieved in the alloys after hot extrusion and multi‐pass drawing. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation to failure of the ultrafine‐grained Zn‐0.45Li alloys reached 416 MPa, 567 MPa and 55.4 %, respectively. Enhancements in both strength and elongation could be attributed to interactions between LiZn4 and matrix dislocations, the pinning effect of LiZn4 on grain boundaries, and grain refinement. Immersion tests and MTT cytotoxicity assay indicated that the Zn‐0.45Li alloys have a corrosion rate and cytocompatibility similar to the values reported for biomedical implants.
Attainment of high specific hardness and specific modulus in spark plasma sintered aluminium‐copper‐silicon carbide‐titanium carbide hybrid composite
Authors: Saha S. , Ghosh M. , Kumar Pramanick A. , Mondal C. , Maity J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAluminium matrix hybrid composites have been consolidated effectively by spark plasma sintering with new combinations of reinforcement and high volume percentage of ceramic particulates to maximize specific hardness and specific modulus through the powder metallurgy route. The aforementioned techno‐scientific accomplishment with regard to metal matrix composite aims to meet a continuous increase in the global demand for a material with minimum structural weight and high‐modulus for structural (automotive and aerospace) applications. The new aluminium based hybrid composite developed by incorporating ceramic particulate reinforcements (12.5 wt.% silicon carbide and 12.5 wt.% titanium carbide) along with 22.5 wt.% copper as the metallic reinforcement attains significantly high specific hardness (85 HV/gcm−3), specific Young's modulus (33.56 GPa/g cm−3), specific bulk modulus (27.97 GPa/g cm−3) when compared with the reported range of specific hardness (13 HV/g cm−3–89 HV/g cm−3), specific Young's modulus (24 GPa/g cm−3–27 GPa/g cm−3) and specific bulk modulus (20 GPa/g cm−3–22 GPa/g cm−3) possessed by structural steels. This is accredited to the genesis of a novel microstructure that consists of fine copper, silicon carbide and titanium carbide particulates together with a nominal in‐situ originated aluminium‐copper equilibrium phases distributed in a highly substructured aluminium based matrix with a significant dislocation density (7.56 ⋅ 1014 m‐2).
The interaction between PDCD4 and YB1 is critical for cervical cancer stemness and cisplatin resistance
Authors: Liu Dan , Ke Jing , Liu Yang , Rao Huiling , Tang Zhiming , Liu Ying , Zhang Zhaoyang , You Lei , Luo Xiangyin , Sun Zequn , He Zhijun , Li Fei , Qiu Zhengpeng , Hu Junjie , Mbadhi Magdaleena Naemi , Tang Junming , Wu Fuyun , Li Shan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCancer multidrug resistance (MDR) is existence in stem cell‐like cancer cells characterized by stemness including high‐proliferation and self‐renewal. Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), as a proapoptotic gene, whether it engaged in cancer stemness and cisplatin resistance is still unknown. Here we showed that PDCD4 expressions in Hela/DDP (cisplatin resistance) cells were lower than in parental Hela cells. Moreover, the levels of drug resistance genes and typical stemness markers were markedly elevated in Hela/DDP cells. In vivo, xenograft tumor assay confirmed that knockdown of PDCD4 accelerated the grafted tumor growth. In vitro, colony formation and MTT assay demonstrated that PDCD4 overexpression inhibited cells proliferation in conditions with or without cisplatin. By contrast, PDCD4 deficiency provoked cell proliferation and cisplatin resistance. On mechanism, PDCD4 decreased the protein levels of pAKT and pYB1, accompanied by reduced MDR1 expression. Correspondingly, luciferase reporter assay showed PDCD4 regulated MDR1 promoter activity entirely relied on YB1. Furthermore, Ch‐IP, GST‐pulldown, and Co‐IP assays provided novel evidence that PDCD4 could directly bind with YB1 by the nucleolar localization signal (NOLS) segment, causing the reduced YB1 binding into the MDR1 promoter region through blocking YB1 nucleus translocation, triggering the decreased MDR1 transcription. Taken together, PDCD4‐pAKT‐pYB1 forms the integrated molecular network to regulate MDR1 transcription during the process of stemness‐associated cisplatin resistance.
HSP70 promotes tumor progression by stabilizing Skp2 expression in gastric cancer cells
Authors: Lei Ziying , Xia Xiaohong , He Qiaoling , Luo Jiali , Xiong Yan , Wang Jin , Tang Hongsheng , Guan Tianpei , Tian Yun , Xu Songhui , Cui Shuzhong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) has one of the highest tumor incidences worldwide. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is highly expressed and plays a critical role in the occurrence, progression, metastasis, poor prognosis, and drug resistance of GC. However, the underlying mechanisms of HSP70 are not clear. To explore the regulatory role of HSP70 in GC, we performed cell counting kit‐8 (CCK‐8) and EdU staining assays to assess cell proliferation; immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses to assess protein expression; coimmunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) assays to assess interactions between two proteins; and immunofluorescence to assess protein expression and localization. HSP70 was highly expressed in clinical samples from patients with GC and indicated a poor prognosis. HSP70 inhibition enhanced the sensitivity of GC cells to thermochemotherapy. Furthermore, we found that S phase kinase‐associated protein 2 (Skp2) was highly expressed in GC and correlated with HSP70 in array data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Importantly, HSP70 inhibition promoted Skp2 degradation. Skp2 overexpression abrogated HSP70 inhibition‐induced cell cycle arrest, suggesting that the role of HSP70 in GC depends on Skp2 expression. Our results illustrate a possible regulatory mechanism of HSP70 and may provide a therapeutic strategy for overcoming resistance to thermochemotherapy.
Combining Automated Organoid Workflows with Artificial Intelligence‐Based Analyses: Opportunities to Build a New Generation of Interdisciplinary High‐Throughput Screens for Parkinson's Disease and Beyond
Authors: Renner Henrik , Schöler Hans R. , Bruder Jan M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and primarily characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the midbrain. Despite decades of research and the development of various disease model systems, there is no curative treatment. This could be due to current model systems, including cell culture and animal models, not adequately recapitulating human PD etiology. More complex human disease models, including human midbrain organoids, are maturing technologies that increasingly enable the strategic incorporation of the missing components needed to model PD in vitro. The resulting organoid‐based biological complexity provides new opportunities and challenges in data analysis of rich multimodal data sets. Emerging artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities can take advantage of large, broad data sets and even correlate results across disciplines. Current organoid technologies no longer lack the prerequisites for large‐scale high‐throughput screening (HTS) and can generate complex yet reproducible data suitable for AI‐based data mining. We have recently developed a fully scalable and HTS‐compatible workflow for the generation, maintenance, and analysis of three‐dimensional (3D) microtissues mimicking key characteristics of the human midbrain (called “automated midbrain organoids,” AMOs). AMOs build a reproducible, scalable foundation for creating next‐generation 3D models of human neural disease that can fuel mechanism‐agnostic phenotypic drug discovery in human in vitro PD models and beyond. Here, we explore the opportunities and challenges resulting from the convergence of organoid HTS and AI‐driven data analytics and outline potential future avenues toward the discovery of novel mechanisms and drugs in PD research. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Pelvic ring reconstruction with double‐barreled fibular free flap: A systematic review
Authors: Bastoni Stefano , Lucattelli Elena , Cipriani Federico , Cannamela Giacomo , Innocenti Marco , Menichini Giulio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionPelvic ring reconstruction after internal hemipelvectomy is an extremely challenging surgical procedure, and mandatory reconstruction is to provide a durable and pain‐free functional outcome, especially for young, active patients. One of the most widely employed techniques is reconstruction with a double‐barreled fibular free flap (DBF). The aim of our work was an in‐depth analysis of the outcome of pelvic ring reconstruction performed using the above‐mentioned method, in particular looking for a correlation between the fixation technique and either ambulation status or complications.Materials and methodsA systematic review was performed in November 2020 using PubMed and MedLine Ovid databases according to the PRISMA guidelines and the results were statistically analyzed.ResultsStudies were published between 1994 and 2015. A DBF was used in each case, with a total of 30 patients. Reconstruction was performed with screws in 13 cases, Cotrel‐Dubousset rod fixation in 6, screws and plate in 5, screws with external fixation in 4, and ISOLA in 2. Follow‐up time ranged from 3 to 131 months. Functional outcome was excellent in 4 patients and good in 26 patients. Statistical analysis showed no statistical evidence of existing correlation between fixation technique and complications (p = .873), while statistical correlation between age and fixation technique was found (p < .001).ConclusionReconstruction of pelvic ring with DBF provides an overall good functional outcome. Our data indicate that there is no statistical evidence of existing correlation between the fixation technique and either complications or ambulation status.
An extension of fast iterative shrinkage‐thresholding algorithm to Riemannian optimization for sparse principal component analysis
Authors: Huang Wen , Wei Ke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSparse principal component analysis (PCA), an important variant of PCA, attempts to find sparse loading vectors when conducting dimension reduction. This paper considers the nonsmooth Riemannian optimization problem associated with the ScoTLASS model for sparse PCA which can impose orthogonality and sparsity simultaneously. A Riemannian proximal method is proposed in the work of Chen et al. for the efficient solution of this optimization problem. In this paper, two acceleration schemes are introduced. First and foremost, we extend the FISTA method from the Euclidean space to the Riemannian manifold to solve sparse PCA, leading to the accelerated Riemannian proximal gradient method. Since the Riemannian optimization problem for sparse PCA is essentially nonconvex, a restarting technique is adopted to stabilize the accelerated method without sacrificing the fast convergence. Second, a diagonal preconditioner is proposed for the Riemannian proximal subproblem which can further accelerate the convergence of the Riemannian proximal methods. Numerical evaluations establish the computational advantages of the proposed methods over the existing proximal gradient methods on a manifold. Additionally, a short result concerning the convergence of the Riemannian subgradients of a sequence is established, which, together with the result in the work of Chen et al., can show the stationary point convergence of the Riemannian proximal methods.
Influence of chronic illness resources on self‐management and the mediating effect of patient activation among patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Zhang Xiaohong , Chen Hongbo , Liu Yanhui , Yang Bing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between chronic illness resources, patient activation and self‐management behaviour among middle‐aged and older patients with CHD.DesignA cross‐sectional, descriptive correlational study was performed.MethodsA convenience sample of 296 participants were recruited in Tianjin, China. Data were collected by using the Chronic Illness Resource Survey (CIRS), Patient Activation Measure (PAM) and Coronary Artery Disease Self‐Management Scale (CSMS). Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation analysis were used to data analysis. Linear regression analysis was performed to explore the mediating role of patient activation.ResultsThe results showed that chronic illness resources and patient activation were significantly and positively correlated with self‐management behaviours (p < .01). Patient activation had a partial intermediary between chronic illness resources and self‐management behaviours, and the mediation effect was 0.230. Patient activation mediated the relationship between chronic illness resources and self‐management. In order to improving the self‐management behaviours, medical staff need to pay attention to the importance of chronic illness resources and patient activation.
Effects of a 12-Week Multimodal Exercise Intervention Among Older Patients with Advanced Cancer: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mikkelsen Marta K , Lund Cecilia M , Vinther Anders , Tolver Anders , Johansen Julia S , Chen Inna , Ragle Anne-Mette , Zerahn Bo , Engell-Noerregaard Lotte , Larsen Finn O , Theile Susann , Nielsen Dorte L , Jarden Mary 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Older patients with cancer are at risk of physical decline and impaired quality of life during oncological treatment. Exercise training has the potential to reduce these challenges. The study aim was to investigate the feasibility and effect of a multimodal exercise intervention in older patients with advanced cancer (stages III/IV).

Patients and Methods
Eighty-four older adults (≥65 years) with advanced pancreatic, biliary tract, or non-small cell lung cancer who received systemic oncological treatment were randomized 1:1 to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention was a 12-week multimodal exercise-based program including supervised exercise twice weekly followed by a protein supplement, a home-based walking program, and nurse-led support and counseling. The primary endpoint was change in physical function (30-second chair stand test) at 13 weeks.

Results
Median age of the participants was 72 years (interquartile range [IQR] 68-75). Median adherence to the exercise sessions was 69% (IQR 21-88) and 75% (IQR 33-100) for the walking program. At 13 weeks, there was a significant difference in change scores of 2.4 repetitions in the chair stand test, favoring the intervention group (p &lt; .0001). Furthermore, significant beneficial effects were seen for physical endurance (6-minute walk test), hand grip strength, physical activity, symptom burden, symptoms of depression and anxiety, global health status (quality of life), and lean body mass. No effects were seen for dose intensity, hospitalizations, or survival.

Conclusion
A 12-week multimodal exercise intervention with targeted support proved effective in improving physical function in older patients with advanced cancer during oncological treatment.
Truncus arteriosus with absent semilunar valve: Prenatal diagnosis and morphology
Authors: Pu Lihong , Chen Jiao 
Published: September 2021

Key pointsWhat's already known about this topic?

Literature reported only one case of truncus arteriosus accompanied by absent semilunar valve

What does this study add?

This work presented a fetus with trisomy 13 diagnosed with truncus arteriosus accompanied by absent semilunar valve, and confirmed by anatomy

Identification of such significant heart malformation in first trimester allows timely access to specialist counselling and genetic diagnosis
Bronchodilator response to albuterol nebulized with hypertonic saline in asthmatic children
Authors: Teper Alejandro , Kofman Carlos , Alchundia Moreira Jessica , Köhler Teresa , García Bournissen Facundo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionAsthma is distinguished by bronchial obstruction reversible by bronchodilators. The first‐line treatment for asthmatic exacerbations is the use of inhaled beta‐agonists, by pressurized metered‐dose inhalers or nebulized with normal saline solution (NSS). There are no reports of nebulized beta agonists' efficacy in asthmatic children when administered with hypertonic saline solution (HSS).ObjectiveTo evaluate bronchodilator responses (BDR) to albuterol nebulized with 3%‐HSS in asthmatic children, compared to albuterol nebulized with NSS.Population and MethodsIn a prospective, experimental, double‐blind, randomized clinical study, children with a confirmed diagnosis of asthma with mild or moderate bronchial obstruction (FEV1 40%–79% of predicted) were randomized to receive a nebulization with 2.5 mg of albuterol diluted in 3 cc of 3%‐HSS or NSS (0.9%), by means of a jet nebulizer. After 30 min, the BDR was assessed.ResultsFifty patients (mean age 12.0 ± 3 years, 29 males) were enrolled; 25 were randomized to the 3%‐HSS group (FEV1 65.2% ± 10) and 25 to the NSS group (FEV1 69.1% ± 7.1). The BDR of FEV1 was 41.2% (SD: ±20.1; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 35.1–50.4) and 17.3% (SD: ±19.4; 95% CI: 9.7–24.9) (p < .0001) and of maximum mid‐expiratory flow was 130% (SD: ±90.8; 95% CI: 94.6–166) and 69.8% (SD: ±72.5; 95% CI: 41.4–98.2) (p < .01), for the 3%‐HSS and NSS groups, respectively.ConclusionAlbuterol produces a greater BDR when nebulized with 3%‐HSS compared to NSS in asthmatic children with mild or moderate bronchial obstruction.
Zinc status and growth in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Bauer Sarah E. , Lai HuiChuan J. , McDonald Catherine M. , Asfour Fadi , Slaven James E. , Ren Clement L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundZinc deficiency is associated with poor growth in children without cystic fibrosis (CF), but its impact on growth in children with CF is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of low serum Zn (sZn) and its relationship with growth in the first 3 years of life in children with CF.MethodsWe utilized data from infants with CF who were enrolled in a longitudinal study of nutrition and lung health and had sZn measured as part of clinical care. Cross‐sectional correlations between sZn levels and growth z scores were assessed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. To identify factors associated with sZn status and its association to longitudinal growth patterns, multiple regression analysis with repeated measures were performed using generalized estimating equations.ResultsA total of 106 sZn measurements from 53 infants were identified. Seventeen infants (32%) had intermittent Zn insufficiency, defined as at least one sZn <70 mcg/dl in their first 3 years of life. There were no significant cross‐sectional associations between sZn and growth z scores. However, analysis of longitudinal growth patterns revealed that weight‐ and length‐for‐age z scores in children with intermittent Zn insufficiency were lower during early infancy and their weight‐for‐length z scores at age 3 years were also lower compared to those who were always Zn sufficient.ConclusionLow sZn occurs in one‐third of children with CF in the first 3 years of life. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses revealed discrepant associations between sZn and growth. Therefore, prospective studies are needed to understand the role of Zn in growth in CF.
The Curing Reaction Rate of the Rocket Motor Liner Based on the Aging of a Curing System
Authors: Park Sungjun , Park Jungho 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, the hardening reaction speed of a rocket motor liner based on the Aging of a curing system comprised of a hardener and hardening catalyst was investigated. With the increasing Aging time of the curing system, the liner viscosity build‐up was accelerated. The raw material having the biggest impact on the hardening reaction of the curing system's liner was triphenylbismuth (TPB). Stirring isophorone diisocyanate and TPB form an activated complex, and the activated complex facilitates the urethane reaction. If TPB is ligand bound with isocyanate, it forms a TPB‐isocyanate complex. This is a type of TPB's oxide, and the formation of the activated complex is visible through changes in its color. In addition, lining hardening time can be adjusted by the Aging period of the curing system through used in this study, and the adhesive strength with the liner and propellant can be improved.