bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation between Glycemic Control among the Patients with Type 2 DM and Level of Blood Pressure
Authors: Amin Md Al , Zannat Tahira , Uddin Md Nazim , Md Moniruzzaman - , Md Habibullah - , Kabir AKM Humayon , Karim Md Enamul 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Inadequate glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes constitutes a major public health problem and risk factor for the development of diabetes related complications. Hypertension is a common co-morbid condition of diabetes. Hypertension as a factor for poor glycemic control in diabetes patients has not been properly evaluated in Bangladesh. The aim of the study was to assess status of glycemic control among patients with Type 2 DM depending on the level of blood pressure in a tertiary care hospital.
Method: This cross sectional study was carried out among 200 adult patients of either gender with type 2 diabetes mellitus, in the Department of Medicine and endocrinology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January to June 2015.
Results: The mean age of the respondents were 56.85(±10.84) years, ranging from 35 to 77 years. Among 200 patients, 129 (64.5%) were hypertensive and 71 (35.5%) were normotensive with a mean duration of hypertension was 10.03 (±3.39) years. The mean HbA1c for all diabetic, hypertensive and normotensive patients were 7.41% (±1.35), 7.63% (±1.30) and 7.02% (±1.37) respectively. The mean HbA1c was significantly higher in hypertensive than normotensive group (p=0.002). The mean HbA1c was also significantly higher in patients with duration of hypertension (p=0.03) for more than 10 years and in patients who used beta blocker (p=0.005) and diuretics (p=0.02) as hypertensive medication. Among the patients with normal BMI and on dietary modification, those who were hypertensive had significantly higher (p=0.00008) mean HbA1c (7.12(±0.99)) than those were normotensive (5.01(±0.01)).
Conclusion: The glycemic control in type 2 DM is found to be poor among the hypertensive patients. There is a complex association of multiple factors like age, gender, duration of hypertension and medications strongly influence the glycemic control of type 2 diabetics with hypertension.
J MEDICINE JAN 2021; 22 (1) : 12-17
Association of Anthropometric Measurement With Ultrasound- Diagnosed Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease In Dhaka Medical College Hospital
Authors: Sultana Farhana , Shanchay Mohammad Shamsuddoha Sarker , Ahmed Faruque 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly recognized cause of liver disease worldwide. The present study was conducted with the aim to determine the association between anthropometric measurement and incidence of NAFLD among the adult population.
Material and Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was performed among 240 patients attending outpatient department of Hepatology, Gastroenterology and admitted in patient of Medicine, Hepatology, Gastroenterology department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, who are Ultrasound diagnosed NAFLD, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The Study was done from August, 2013 to February, 2014 in Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Then a pro-forma was made and filled it by direct interview, reading the remarks of the consultant about the patient written on the file, using the hospital lab results and by discussing the patient’s file remarks with the medical officer on duty. NAFLD was confirmed by Ultrasonography. Relevant Laboratory investigations were done to assess severity and prognosis. All subjects underwent anthropometric measurement which included height, weight, waist circumference, waist hip ratio (WHR), waist height ratio (WHtR). Body mass index (BMI) and were calculated using the standard formula.
Results: Out of 240 patients, 51(21.25%) were found to be diagnosed with NAFLD (95%CI=22.8-27.8) subjects. The cases of NAFLD were significantly higher in males (55.0%) as compared to females (45%) (RR=1.17, 95%CI=1.14-2.58, p=0.008). The BMI, waist circumference, WHR and WHtR were significantly (p<0.0001) associated with NAFLD. Likewise, NAFLD was found significantly (p<0.0001) higher among obese and overweight subjects. However, in multivariate logistic regression analysis, sex (adjusted OR=11.30, 95%CI=3.44-37.11, p<0.0001), waist circumference (adjusted OR=1.27, 95%CI=1.56-1.39, p<0.0001), hip circumference (adjusted OR=0.90, 95%CI=0.82-0.99, p=0.04) and BMI (adjusted OR=1.83, 95%CI=1.10- 2.20, p=0.001) were significantly associated with NAFLD.
Conclusion: It can be concluded that higher anthropometric measurements were significantly associated with NAFLD.
J MEDICINE JAN 2021; 22 (1) : 27-32
In vitro Propagation of Mortiño (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth.)
Authors: Llivisaca Susana , Cevallos Juan Cevallos , Mendoza Joffre , Piña Fernando , Peralta Esther , Timm Eduardo Sanchez , Flores José 
Published: January 2021

The disinfected axillary shoots of mortino - a wild plant species were cultured in MS with different concentrations (0.002, 0.05 and 0.1%) of methyl N-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) carbamate to develop an in vitro protocol for micropropagation through organogenesis. They were then placed in a concentration matrix (0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 μM) whose factorial design involved BAP and IAA in WPM. Results showed a 100% disinfection at 0.05% concentrations of carbendazim and the combination of IAA and BAP at 10 μM yielded a multiplication factor of 3.35, with rooting after seven weeks. This system showed efficient disinfection, multiplication and yielding an acceptable root system.
Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(2): 167-177, 2020 (December)
Asymbiotic Seed Germination of Thunia alba, a Variable Orchid in an Isolated Karst Hill of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China
Authors: Zhou Zi Yu , Li Ju , Peng Xi Hui , Landrein Sven 
Published: January 2021

Asymbiotic seed germination of Thunia alba (Lindley) H.G. Reichenbach was tested on different media in order to propagate and preserve its genetic diversity. In addition different plant hormones were used in the similar germination experiments. Results from these experiments revealed that Knudson medium (KC) had the best germination ability but Mitra and modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) also showed good responses for growth and root formation in the seedling after eight weeks. Coconut water (CW) was the most efficient for promoting germination and growth, addition of 0.046 μM and 0.46 μM Kn also induced better germination rate and formation of leaves. The seedlings after eight months were transferred and acclimatized to grow in the garden on a medium containing bark and crushed concrete blocks. Although the species is amongst the rare orchid species that can successfully propagate asexually in the wild it is demanding for substrate and climatic conditions.
Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(2): 189-197, 2020 (December)
Micropropagation of Two Varieties of Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Akther Shilpi , Banu Tanjina Akhtar , Khan Salim , Akter Shahina , Habib Ahashan , Islam Mousona , Goswami Barna , Sarkar Bivas Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Cotyledonary leaf and node of two varieties, namely red and yellow of Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) were cultured in MS with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators. The cotyledonary leaf was found to be most responsive towards multiple shoot regeneration. The leaf explants of red variety showed best result towards shoot regeneration in MS with BAP (8.0 mg/l), NAA (0.02 mg/l) and IAA (1.0 mg/l). Eighty per cent explants responded within 13 - 14 days, and the mean number of shoot per explant was was found to be 5.67. The cotyledonary leaf explants of yellow variety showed promising result when the cotyledonary leaf explant was cultured in MS with BAP (8.0 mg/l) and NAA (0.5 mg/l) being the mean number of shoot per explants 5.13 and 70% of them responded within 14 - 15 days. Maximum root induction was found in MS with IBA (0.5 mg/l) in both capsicum varieties. After successful root formation plantlets were transplanted and acclimatized to the soil.
Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 30(2): 267-275, 2020 (December)
Biological attributes and qualitative damage of Oligonychus mangiferus (Rahman & Sapra) (Acariformes: Tetranychidae) on the medicinal plant Ichnocarpus frutescens (L.) W.T. Aiton
Authors: Majeed A. A. Safeena , Srinivasa N. 
Published: January 2021

Oligonychus mangiferus (Rahman & Sapra) was found infesting the medicinal plant, Ichnocarpus frutescens L. Its biology and reproduction were studied at four different constant temperature conditions in the laboratory. O. mangiferus completed its development faster (7.10 to 8.77 days) at 30° - 32°C. Its egg-laying was highest at 20°C (31.03 eggs/female), but with similar progenial sex ratio ( :? ) (1:2.68 to 1:2.84) across different temperatures. At 25°C, Mean Generation Time (T) and Doubling Time (DT) were lowest 15.26 days and 8.95 days, respectively, while, Intrinsic Rate of Natural Increase (rm) was highest (0.085 female off-springs/female/day). Feeding damage by mangiferus resulted in apparent decline in chlorophyll and flavonoid contents, while alkaloid and terpenoid contents showed increase in mite infested leaves. Observed changes in the quantity of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids, subsequent to mite feeding was significant, owing to the medicinal value of the herb. Further investigation on these biochemical changes may throw light on more advantageous medicinal use of Ichnocarpus for treating many human disorders.
Survey of the Culicide community (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Caatinga Biome, Bom Jesus City, Piauí, Brazil
Authors: Gomes Ornela Silva , Catenacci Lilian Silva , Moura Sinevaldo Gonçalves de , Moura Jaqueline Zanon 
Published: January 2021

Mosquitoes are insects of great medical importance, acting as vectors of arboviruses and other pathogens that could be transmitted to humans. With the climate change many species of mosquitoes have adapted to survive in these altered conditions. The goal of this study was to describe the community of Culicidae in three gradients of environment within the Caatinga biome in the Bom Jesus municipality, Brazil. The environmental gradients included ​​native forest, rural and urban areas. Mosquitoes were collected and the following variables were analyzed: total and relative species abundance, total and relative species frequency, diversity, domain, the correlation among meteorological data, genus and the similarity between areas. The captures were made monthly for three consecutive days for a one-year period. Passive capture was performed using CDC traps placed a minimum distance of 50 meters apart in each sampling site. The mosquitoes collected were identified as: Aedeomyia spp., Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Coquillettidia spp., Psorophora spp. and Uranotaenia spp. The genres Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Coquillettidia and Psorophora were present year-round in at least one of the areas. The most abundant genres were the Anopheles and Culex, respectively. The native forest contained the highest diversity. However, the highest abundance of individuals was found in the rural areas, suggesting species adaptation to anthropized environments. Overall, the high abundance of the genus Anopheles and Culex is a public health concern as these genres are known to be involved in the transmission of malaria, human filariasis, and arboviruses.
Regional differences in early childhood dental caries in 5-year-old Brazilian children and associated factors
Authors: Moura Rosa Núbia Vieira de , Zarzar Patrícia Maria Pereira , Ferreira Raquel Conceição , Mattos Flávio de Freitas , Pinto Rafaela da Silveira , Travassos Denise Vieira , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e 
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to identify variables associated with early childhood caries (ECC) in 5-year old Brazilian children to allow their monitoring at both regional and national levels. It is a population-based cross-sectional study with epidemiological and socioeconomic data of 7.217 children included in the National Oral Health Survey (SBBrasil 2010). The dependent variable was untreated caries (component c of cpod). Independent variables were grouped into individual and contextual ones, and multilevel models of Poisson regression analysis were applied. In the country, 49,8% of children aged 5 years presented untreated caries. Among the 5 national regions, prevalence of untreated caries was higher in the North (64,9%) and lower in the Southeast (43,7%). National cpod index was 2,45 (CI 95%: 2,20-2,71) and component c was 2,05 (CI 95%: 1,81-2,29). There was a significant difference between North (3,11; CI 95%: 2,69-3,53) and Southeast (1,68; CI 95%: 1.40-1,95) regions. At individual level, low family income was associated with higher prevalence of untreated dental caries (CI 95%: 2,05-2,88). At contextual level, there was higher prevalence of untreated caries in areas with less access to fluoridated water (CI 95%: 1,04-2,25), less access to primary oral health care (CI 95%: 0,93-0,98), higher population/dentist ratio (CI 95%: 1,04-1,33), and higher percentage of children living in low-income families (CI 95%: 1,18-1,78). Our results indicate that socioeconomic factors were determinant for ECC prevalence, increasing dental treatment needs.
Factor H Is Bound by Outer Membrane-Displayed Carbohydrate Metabolism Enzymes of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli and Contributes to Opsonophagocytosis Resistance in Bacteria
Authors: Sun Yu , Xu Bin , Zhuge Xiangkai , Tang Fang , Wang Xuhang , Gong Qianwen , Chen Rui , Xue Feng , Dai Jianjun 
Published: January 2021

Extraintestinal pathogenicEscherichia coli(ExPEC) causes bloodstream infections in humans and animals. Complement escape is a prerequisite for bacteria to survive in the bloodstream. Factor H (FH) is an important regulatory protein of the complement system. In this study, ExPEC was found to bind FH from serum. However, the mechanisms of ExPEC binding to FH and then resistance to complement-mediated attacks remain unclear. Here, a method that combined desthiobiotin pull-down and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the FH-binding membrane proteins of ExPEC. Seven identified proteins, which all were carbohydrate metabolic enzymes (CMEs), including acetate kinase, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase, fumarate reductase flavoprotein subunit, L-lactate dehydrogenase, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, phosphoenolpyruvate synthase, and pyruvate dehydrogenase, were verified to recruit FH from serum using GST pull-down and ELISA plate binding assay. The ELISA plate binding assay determined that these seven proteins bind to FH in a dose-dependent manner. Magnetic beads coupled with any one of seven proteins significantly reduced the FH recruitment of ExPEC (p &lt; 0.05) Subsequently, immunofluorescence, colony blotting, and Western blotting targeting outer membrane proteins determined that these seven CMEs were located on the outer membrane of ExPEC. Furthermore, the FH recruitment levels and C3b deposition levels on bacteria were significantly increased and decreased in an FH-concentration-dependent manner, respectively (p&lt; 0.05). The FH recruitment significantly enhanced the ability of ExPEC to resist the opsonophagocytosis of human macrophage THP-1 in an FH-concentration-dependent manner (p&lt; 0.05), which revealed a new mechanism for ExPEC to escape complement-mediated killing. The identification of novel outer membrane-displayed CMEs which played a role in the FH recruitment contributes to the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of ExPEC pathogenicity.
Heterogeneous Klebsiella pneumoniae Co-infections Complicate Personalized Bacteriophage Therapy
Authors: Qin Jinhong , Wu Nannan , Bao Juan , Shi Xin , Ou Hongyu , Ye Shanke , Zhao Wei , Wei Zhenquan , Cai Jinfeng , Li Lisha , Guo Mingquan , Weng Jingyan , Lu Hongzhou , Tan Demeng , Zhang Jianzhong , Huang Qin , Zhu Zhaoqin , Shi Yejing , Hu Chunlan , Guo Xiaokui , Zhu Tongyu 
Published: January 2021

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms have increased worldwide, posing a major challenge for the clinical management of infection. Bacteriophage is expected as potential effective therapeutic agents for difficult-to-treat infections. When performing bacteriophage therapy, the susceptibility of lytic bacteriophage to the target bacteria is selected by laboratory isolate from patients. The presence of a subpopulation in a main population of tested cells, coupled with the rapid development of phage-resistant populations, will make bacteriophage therapy ineffective. We aimed to treat a man with multifocal urinary tract infections of MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae by phage therapy. However, the presence of polyclonal co-infectious cells in his renal pelvis and bladder led to the failure of three consecutive phage therapies. After analysis, the patient was performed with percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN). A cocktail of bacteriophages was selected for activity against all 21 heterogeneous isolates and irrigated simultaneously via the kidney and bladder to eradicate multifocal colonization, combined with antibiotic treatment. Finally, the patient recovered with an obviously improved bladder. The success of this case provides valuable treatment ideas and solutions for phage treatment of complex infections.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR1900020989.
Preliminary Findings From a Pilot Study of Electric Vehicle Recharging From a Stand-Alone Solar Minigrid
Authors: Gammon Rupert , Sallah Momodou 
Published: January 2021

The symbiosis between smart minigrids and electric mobility has the potential to improve the cost and reliability of energy access for off-grid communities while providing low-carbon transport services. This study explores the commercial viability of using electric vehicles (EVs), recharged by solar minigrids, to provide transport services in off-grid communities. Preliminary findings are presented from a field trial in The Gambia that aims to assess the techno-economic feasibility of integrating sustainable energy and transport infrastructures in sun-rich regions of the Global South. As a dispatchable anchor load, an EV can improve the technical and economic performance of a minigrid by providing demand-side response services. In the developing world, rural communities are often among the poorest, and inadequate transport services remain a major barrier to wealth-creation. Some solutions to this situation may be transferrable to island communities, which share similar challenges in terms of access to energy and fuel. The first of its kind in Africa, this field trial uses an electric minivan, operating from an off-grid village where it has access to a minigrid whose 4.5 kWpof photovoltaic modules form the roof of a parking shelter for the vehicle. While there, the taxi can recharge, ideally during sunny periods when the photovoltaic array produces surplus power, thus allowing the EV’s battery to recharge while bypassing the minigrid’s own accumulator. This improves system reliability and cost effectiveness, while providing pollution-free energy for the taxi. Ultimately, the intention is to test different vehicles in a variety of circumstances, but this paper outlines only the preliminary findings of the first of these trials. Early results provide convincing new evidence that commercial viability of such a concept is possible in Sub-Saharan Africa. Some promising scenarios for commercial viability are identified, which warrant further investigation, since they suggest that a taxi driver’s earnings could be increased between 250 and 1,300% in local operations, and even 20-fold in tourist markets, depending on vehicle type, minigrid configuration and target market. It is hoped that these may encourage the rollout of solar-recharged EVs where the nexus of sustainable energy and transport systems are likely to make the greatest contribution to addressing the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, by helping to solve the trilemma of providing energy security, social benefit and environmental sustainability in low-income countries.
Motor Progression in Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease: A Clinical Prediction Model and the Role of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers
Authors: Ma Ling-Yan , Tian Yu , Pan Chang-Rong , Chen Zhong-Lue , Ling Yun , Ren Kang , Li Jing-Song , Feng Tao 
Published: January 2021

Background: The substantial heterogeneity of clinical symptoms and lack of reliable progression markers in Parkinson's disease (PD) present a major challenge in predicting accurate progression and prognoses. Increasing evidence indicates that each component of the neurovascular unit (NVU) and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption may take part in many neurodegenerative diseases. Since some portions of CSF are eliminated along the neurovascular unit and across the BBB, disturbing the pathways may result in changes of these substances.Methods: Four hundred seventy-four participants from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) study (NCT01141023) were included in the study. Thirty-six initial features, including general information, brief clinical characteristics and the current year's classical scale scores, were used to build five regression models to predict PD motor progression represented by the coming year's Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Part III score after redundancy removal and recursive feature elimination (RFE)-based feature selection. Then, a threshold range was added to the predicted value for more convenient model application. Finally, we evaluated the CSF and blood biomarkers' influence on the disease progression model.Results: Eight hundred forty-nine cases were included in the study. The adjusted R2 values of three different categories of regression model, linear, Bayesian and ensemble, all reached 0.75. Models of the same category shared similar feature combinations. The common features selected among the categories were the MDS-UPDRS Part III score, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) and Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Questionnaire (RBDSQ) score. It can be seen more intuitively that the model can achieve certain prediction effect through threshold range. Biomarkers had no significant impact on the progression model within the data in the study.Conclusions: By using machine learning and routinely gathered assessments from the current year, we developed multiple dynamic models to predict the following year's motor progression in the early stage of PD. These methods will allow clinicians to tailor medical management to the individual and identify at-risk patients for future clinical trials examining disease-modifying therapies.