bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Definition of Development 1: Operational Development
Authors: Bowes Ashley 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Section 57(1) of the 1990 Act provides that, subject to the following provisions of that section, ‘planning permission is required for the carrying out of any development of land’. This planning permission may be granted following the determination of an express application for permission made to the local planning authority for the area in which the land is situated. In other cases, however, it is not necessary for an express application to be made. This is because planning permission for the development in question may have been granted by a development order, which may be a special, local, neighbourhood, or general order (such development is generally known as ‘permitted’ development), or by some other specific statutory provision (as in the case of enterprise zones or simplified planning zones), or be deemed to have been granted under other provisions of the Act (as in the case of the display of certain advertisements), or authorized by some private Act of Parliament.
Strategic Environmental Assessment
Authors: Bowes Ashley 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In addition to Council Directive 85/337/EC The Assessment of the Effect of Certain Public and Private Projects on the Environment, now implemented in the United Kingdom as far as possible within normal town and country planning procedures (see Chapter 12), a later Council Directive 2001/42 EC, on the Environmental Assessment of Plans and Programmes Directive, has now been similarly implemented through normal town and country planning procedures.
Town and Village Greens
Authors: Bowes Ashley 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Land which has been registered as a village green under the Commons Registration Act 1965 or Commons Act 2006, is protected from any development or use, which would interfere with the recreational use of the land by the local inhabitants. Section 12 of the Inclosure Act 1857 provides that it is a public nuisance to do a number of things to a green, including ‘interrupting the use or enjoyment of a green as a place of exercise or recreation’. Further, s 29 of the Commons Act 1876 provides that any ‘encroachment or inclosure’ of a village green is a public nuisance as well as a civil tort. As such, to have land registered as a village green represents a tremendous blight on the commercial value of the land.
Bioconductor toolchain for reproducible bioinformatics pipelines using Rcwl and RcwlPipelines
Authors: Hu Qiang , Hutson Alan , Liu Song , Morgan Martin , Liu Qian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Summary
The Common Workflow Language (CWL) is used to provide portable and reproducible data analysis workflows across different tools and computing environments. We have developed Rcwl, an R interface to CWL, to provide easier development, use and maintenance of CWL pipelines from within R. We have also collected more than 100 pre-built tools and pipelines in RcwlPipelines, ready to be queried and used by researchers in their own analysis. A single-cell RNA sequencing preprocessing pipeline demonstrates use of the software.

Availability and implementation
Project website: https://rcwl.org (Rcwl: https://bioconductor.org/packages/Rcwl; RcwlPipelines: https://bioconductor.org/packages/RcwlPipelines).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Generalized Read-Across prediction using genra-py
Authors: Shah Imran , Tate Tia , Patlewicz Grace 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Motivation
Generalized Read-Across (GenRA) is a data-driven approach to estimate physico-chemical, biological or eco-toxicological properties of chemicals by inference from analogues. GenRA attempts to mimic a human expert’s manual read-across reasoning for filling data gaps about new chemicals from known chemicals with an interpretable and automated approach based on nearest-neighbors. A key objective of GenRA is to systematically explore different choices of input data selection and neighborhood definition to objectively evaluate predictive performance of automated read-across estimates of chemical properties.

Results
We have implemented genra-py as a python package that can be freely used for chemical safety analysis and risk assessment applications. Automated read-across prediction in genra-py conforms to the scikit-learn machine learning library's estimator design pattern, making it easy to use and integrate in computational pipelines. We demonstrate the data-driven application of genra-py to address two key human health risk assessment problems namely: hazard identification and point of departure estimation.

Availability and implementation
The package is available from github.com/i-shah/genra-py.
Hope and the Life Sentence
Authors: Seeds Christopher 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCorrections officials, prison staff and many people incarcerated have long believed that hope derived from a realistic possibility of release is essential to maintain order and safety in the prison. Criminological research consistently finds, however, that people without foreseeable or realistic prospects for release nevertheless do hope. Yet while findings of hope in criminological literature are robust, they remain undeveloped. This article draws from hope studies in other disciplines to advance a model of types of hope, which is then used to analyse evidence of hope in prior criminological literature on life sentences and long prison terms. The article distinguishes hopes derived from legal opportunities and escapist fantasies from deeper hopes grounded in despair, highlighting hope as a site for further research.
How Mother–Child Interactions are Associated with a Child’s Compliance
Authors: Zhao Hui , Cheng Tong , Zhai Yu , Long Yuhang , Wang Zhengyan , Lu Chunming 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
While social interaction between a mother and her child has been found to play an important role in the child’s committed compliance, the underlying neurocognitive process remains unclear. To investigate this process, we simultaneously recorded and assessed brain activity in 7-year-old children and in children’s mothers or strangers during a free-play task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy-based hyperscanning. The results showed that a child’s committed compliance was positively associated with the child’s responsiveness but was negatively associated with mutual responsiveness and was not associated with the mother’s responsiveness during mother–child interactions. Moreover, interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) at the temporoparietal junction mediated the relationship between the child’s responsiveness and the child’s committed compliance during mother–child interactions when the child’s brain activity lagged behind that of the mother. However, these effects were not found during stranger–child interactions, nor were there significant effects in the mother–child pair when no real interactions occurred. Finally, we found a transfer effect of a child’s committed compliance from mother–child interactions to stranger–child interactions via the mediation of mother–child INS, but the opposite did not occur. Together, these findings suggest that a child’s responsiveness during mother–child interactions can significantly facilitate her or his committed compliance by increasing mother–child INS.
Post-Ebola Syndrome Presents With Multiple Overlapping Symptom Clusters: Evidence From an Ongoing Cohort Study in Eastern Sierra Leone
Authors: Bond Nell G , Grant Donald S , Himmelfarb Sarah T , Engel Emily J , Al-Hasan Foday , Gbakie Michael , Kamara Fatima , Kanneh Lansana , Mustapha Ibrahim , Okoli Adaora , Fischer William , Wohl David , Garry Robert F , Samuels Robert , Shaffer Jeffrey G , Schieffelin John S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Following the 2013–2016 West African Ebola outbreak, distinct, persistent health complaints were recognized in Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors. Here we provide an in-depth characterization of post-Ebola syndrome &gt;2.5 years after resolution of disease. Additionally, we report subphenotypes of post-Ebola syndrome with overlapping symptom clusters in survivors from Eastern Sierra Leone.

Methods
Participants in Eastern Sierra Leone were identiﬁed by the Sierra Leone Association of Ebola survivors. Survivors and their contacts were administered a questionnaire assessing self-reported symptoms and a physical examination. Comparisons between survivors and contacts were conducted using conditional logistic regression. Symptom groupings were identified using hierarchical clustering approaches. Simplified presentation of incredibly complex evaluations (SPICE), correlation analysis, logistic regression, and principal component analysis (PCA) were performed to explore the relationships between symptom clusters.

Results
Three hundred seventy-five EVD survivors and 1040 contacts were enrolled into the study. At enrollment, EVD survivors reported signiﬁcantly more symptoms than their contacts in all categories (P &lt; .001). Symptom clusters representing distinct organ systems were identified. Correlation and logistic regression analysis identified relationships between symptom clusters, including stronger relationships between clusters including musculoskeletal symptoms (r = 0.63, P &lt; .001; and P &lt; .001 for correlation and logistic regression, respectively). SPICE and PCA further highlighted subphenotypes with or without musculoskeletal symptoms.

Conclusions
This study presents an in-depth characterization of post-Ebola syndrome in Sierra Leonean survivors &gt;2.5 years after disease. The interrelationship between symptom clusters indicates that post-Ebola syndrome is a heterogeneous disease. The distinct musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal phenotypes identified likely require targeted therapies to optimize long-term treatment for EVD survivors.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Challenge Experiments in Nonhuman Primates: An Ethical Perspective
Authors: DeGrazia David , Miller Franklin G 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has stimulated massive investment in biomedical research with the aims of understanding the disease and developing effective vaccine and therapeutic interventions. What role should animal research play in this scientific endeavor? Both the urgency to evaluate candidate interventions for human use and growing societal concern about ethical treatment of (nonhuman) animals put into question the justifiability of animal research as a precursor to clinical trials. Yet forgoing animal research in the rush to undertake human testing might expose human research participants to unacceptable risks. In this article, we apply a recently developed framework of principles for animal research ethics in exploring ethical questions raised by a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection challenge experiment involving rhesus macaques, which evaluated the protective efficacy of the mRNA-1273 vaccine that was recently approved for emergency use. Our aim is to illuminate the ethical issues while introducing, and illustrating the use of, the framework.
Acute kidney injury in COVID-19: multicentre prospective analysis of registry data
Authors: Wan Yize I , Bien Zuzanna , Apea Vanessa J , Orkin Chloe M , Dhairyawan Rageshri , Kirwan Christopher J , Pearse Rupert M , Puthucheary Zudin A , Prowle John R 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and important complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Further characterization is required to reduce both short- and long-term adverse outcomes.MethodsWe examined registry data including adults with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection admitted to five London Hospitals from 1 January to 14 May 2020. Prior end-stage kidney disease was excluded. Early AKI was defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes creatinine criteria within 7 days of admission. Independent associations of AKI and survival were examined in multivariable analysis. Results are given as odds ratios (ORs) or hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsAmong 1855 admissions, 455 patients (24.5%) developed early AKI: 200 (44.0%) Stage 1, 90 (19.8%) Stage 2 and 165 (36.3%) Stage 3 (74 receiving renal replacement therapy). The strongest risk factor for AKI was high C-reactive protein [OR 3.35 (2.53–4.47), P &lt; 0.001]. Death within 30 days occurred in 242 (53.2%) with AKI compared with 255 (18.2%) without. In multivariable analysis, increasing severity of AKI was incrementally associated with higher mortality: Stage 3 [HR 3.93 (3.04–5.08), P &lt; 0.001]. In 333 patients with AKI surviving to Day 7, 134 (40.2%) recovered, 47 (14.1%) recovered then relapsed and 152 (45.6%) had persistent AKI at Day 7; an additional 105 (8.2%) patients developed AKI after Day 7. Persistent AKI was strongly associated with adjusted mortality at 90 days [OR 7.57 (4.50–12.89), P &lt; 0.001].ConclusionsAKI affected one in four hospital in-patients with COVID-19 and significantly increased mortality. Timing and recovery of COVID-19 AKI is a key determinant of outcome.
Advanced Data Mining Tools and Methods for Social Computing
Authors: Mohammed Sabah , Fang Wai Chi , Hassanien Aboul Ella , Kim Tai-hoon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Social computing is a disruptive technology that is changing how we do business and building the enterprises. Mining consumer insights and consumer segmentation are the new drivers that are likely to be the cornerstone of developing new service innovations and social interactions. This special issue was designed to stimulate research on the data mining tools and methods for social computing. In this editorial, we are outlining the broad research framework on social computing, including the papers in this special issue and areas for future research.
The Changing Prognosis of Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease by Decades
Authors: Korelitz Burton I , Schneider Judy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a bird’s eye view of the prognosis for both ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease as contained in the database of an Inflammatory Bowel Disease gastroenterologist covering the period from 1950 until the present utilizing the variables of medical therapy, surgical intervention, complications, and deaths by decades.
Randomized comparison of the clinical Outcome of single versus Multiple Arterial grafts: Quality of Life (ROMA:QOL) – Rationale and Study Protocol
Authors: Masterson Creber Ruth , Safford Monika , Ballman Karla , Myers Annie , Fremes Stephen , Gaudino Mario 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
The objective of the Randomized comparison of the Outcome of single vs. Multiple Arterial grafts: Quality of Life (ROMA:QOL) trial is to evaluate the impact of coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) on quality of life (QOL). The primary hypothesis of ROMA:QOL is that participants in the multiple arterial graft (MAG) will report time-varying changes in QOL that will be lower in the post-operative recovery period and higher after 12 months compared to patients in the single arterial graft (SAG). The secondary hypotheses are that both groups will have improvements in symptoms at 12 months, and that compared to the SAG group, participants in the MAG group will experience better physical functioning and physical and mental health symptoms.

Methods and Results
An estimated 2111 participants will be enrolled from the parent ROMA trial from 13 countries. Outcome assessments include the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) (primary outcome), Short Form-12v2, EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D)-5L, PROMIS-29, and PROMIS Neuropathic Pain measured at baseline, first post-operative visit, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months. The analysis for the primary outcome, the change in the SAQ from baseline to 12 months, will be compared across all time-points between the two treatment arms.

Conclusion
The ROMA:QOL trial will answer whether there are differences in QOL, physical and mental health symptoms overall for CABG, by MAG and SAG intervention arms, by sex, and between patients with and without diabetes.
Pulsed field ablation selectively spares the oesophagus during pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Cochet Hubert , Nakatani Yosuke , Sridi-Cheniti Soumaya , Cheniti Ghassen , Ramirez F Daniel , Nakashima Takashi , Eggert Charles , Schneider Christopher , Viswanathan Raju , Derval Nicolas , Duchateau Josselin , Pambrun Thomas , Chauvel Remi , Reddy Vivek Y , Montaudon Michel , Laurent François , Sacher Frederic , Hocini Mélèze , Haïssaguerre Michel , Jais Pierre 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
Extra-atrial injury can cause complications after catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). Pulsed field ablation (PFA) has generated preclinical data suggesting that it selectively targets the myocardium. We sought to characterize extra-atrial injuries after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) between PFA and thermal ablation methods.

Methods and results
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging was performed before, acutely (&lt;3 h) and 3 months post-ablation in 41 paroxysmal AF patients undergoing PVI with PFA (N = 18, Farapulse) or thermal methods (N = 23, 16 radiofrequency, 7 cryoballoon). Oesophageal and aortic injuries were assessed by using late gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) imaging. Phrenic nerve injuries were assessed from diaphragmatic motion on intra-procedural fluoroscopy. Baseline CMR showed no abnormality on the oesophagus or aorta. During ablation procedures, no patient showed phrenic palsy. Acutely, thermal methods induced high rates of oesophageal lesions (43%), all observed in patients showing direct contact between the oesophagus and the ablation sites. In contrast, oesophageal lesions were observed in no patient ablated with PFA (0%, P &lt; 0.001 vs. thermal methods), despite similar rates of direct contact between the oesophagus and the ablation sites (P = 0.41). Acute lesions were detected on CMR on the descending aorta in 10/23 (43%) after thermal ablation, and in 6/18 (33%) after PFA (P = 0.52). CMR at 3 months showed a complete resolution of oesophageal and aortic LGE in all patients. No patient showed clinical complications.

Conclusion
PFA does not induce any signs of oesophageal injury on CMR after PVI. Due to its tissue selectivity, PFA may improve safety for catheter ablation of AF.
First-line treatment of persistent and long-standing persistent atrial fibrillation with single-stage hybrid ablation: a 2-year follow-up study
Authors: Magni Federico T , Al-Jazairi Meelad I H , Mulder Bart A , Klinkenberg Theo , Van Gelder Isabelle C , Rienstra Michiel , Mariani Massimo A , Blaauw Yuri 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of first-line single-stage hybrid ablation of (long-standing) persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), over a follow-up period of 2 years, and provides additional information on arrhythmia recurrences and electrophysiological findings at repeat ablation.

Methods and results
This is a prospective cohort study that included 49 patients (65% persistent AF; 35% long-standing persistent AF) who underwent hybrid ablation as first-line ablation treatment (no previous endocardial ablation). Patients were relatively young (57.0 ± 8.5 years) and predominantly male (89.8%). Median CHA2DS2-VASc score was 1.0 (0.5; 2.0) and mean left atrium volume index was 43.7 ± 10.9 mL/m2. Efficacy was assessed by 12-lead electrocardiography and 72-h Holter monitoring after 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Recurrence was defined as AF/atrial flutter (AFL)/tachycardia (AT) recorded by electrocardiography or Holter monitoring lasting &gt;30 s during 2-year follow-up. At 2-year follow-up, single and multiple procedure success rates were 67% and 82%, respectively. Two (4%) patients experienced a major complication (bleeding) requiring intervention following hybrid ablation. Among the 16 (33%) patients who experienced an AF/AFL/AT recurrence, 13 (81%) were ATs/AFLs and only 3 (19%) were AF. Repeat ablation was performed in 10 (20%) patients and resulted in sinus rhythm in 7 (70%) at 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion
First-line single-stage hybrid AF ablation is an effective treatment strategy for patients with persistent and long-standing persistent AF with an acceptable rate of major complications. Recurrences are predominantly AFL/AT that can be successfully ablated percutaneously. Hybrid ablation seems a feasible approach for first-line ablation of (long-standing) persistent AF.
Mapping and classifying large deformation from digital imagery: application to analogue models of lithosphere deformation
Authors: Broerse Taco , Krstekanić Nemanja , Kasbergen Cor , Willingshofer Ernst 
Published: March 2021

SUMMARY
Particle image velocimetry (PIV), a method based on image cross-correlation, is widely used for obtaining velocity fields from time-series of images of deforming objects. Rather than instantaneous velocities, we are interested in reconstructing cumulative deformation, and use PIV-derived incremental displacements for this purpose. Our focus is on analogue models of tectonic processes, which can accumulate large deformation. Importantly, PIV provides incremental displacements during analogue model evolution in a spatial reference (Eulerian) frame, without the need for explicit markers in a model. We integrate the displacements in a material reference (Lagrangian) frame, such that displacements can be integrated to track the spatial accumulative deformation field as a function of time. To describe cumulative, finite deformation, various strain tensors have been developed, and we discuss what strain measure best describes large shape changes, as standard infinitesimal strain tensors no longer apply for large deformation. PIV or comparable techniques have become a common method to determine strain in analogue models. However, the qualitative interpretation of observed strain has remained problematic for complex settings. Hence, PIV-derived displacements have not been fully exploited before, as methods to qualitatively characterize cumulative, large strain have been lacking. Notably, in tectonic settings, different types of deformation—extension, shortening, strike-slip—can be superimposed. We demonstrate that when shape changes are described in terms of Hencky strains, a logarithmic strain measure, finite deformation can be qualitatively described based on the relative magnitude of the two principal Hencky strains. Thereby, our method introduces a physically meaningful classification of large 2-D strains. We show that our strain type classification method allows for accurate mapping of tectonic structures in analogue models of lithospheric deformation, and complements visual inspection of fault geometries. Our method can easily discern complex strike-slip shear zones, thrust faults and extensional structures and its evolution in time. Our newly developed software to compute deformation is freely available and can be used to post-process incremental displacements from PIV or similar autocorrelation methods.