bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Willow drives changes in arthropod communities of northwestern Alaska: ecological implications of shrub expansion
Authors: McDermott Molly T. , Doak Patricia , Handel Colleen M. , Breed Greg A. , Mulder Christa P. H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractArthropods serve as complex linkages between plants and higher‐level predators in Arctic ecosystems and provide key ecosystem services such as pollination and nutrient cycling. Arctic plant communities are changing as tall woody shrubs expand onto tundra, but potential effects on arthropod abundance and food web structure remain unclear. Changes in vegetation structure can alter the physical habitat, thermal environment, and food available to arthropods, thereby having the potential to induce cascading effects throughout the ecosystem. We evaluated relationships between the abundance, biomass, and community composition of arthropods and the cover of several shrub taxa across tundra–shrub gradients in northwestern Alaska. While previous research had found a general positive association between arthropod biomass and shrub cover, we found heterogeneity in this relationship with finer‐scale examination of (1) shrub taxa, (2) arthropod taxa, and (3) arthropod guilds. Abundance and biomass of arthropods showed strong, positive associations with the amount of cover of willow (Salix spp.) but were not significantly influenced by shrub birch (Betula spp.) or ericaceous (Ericaceae) vegetation. Significant shifts in arthropod community composition were also associated with willows. Among trophic groups of arthropods, herbivores and pollinators were most positively associated with willow cover. Due to geographical variation in both dominant shrub taxa and their rates of expansion, effects on arthropod communities are likely to be heterogeneous across the Arctic. Taken together, our results suggest that shrub expansion could increase food availability for higher‐level insectivores and shift Arctic food web structure.
Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes among adults aged 45 years or older in China: A national cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bai Anying , Tao Jing , Tao Liyuan , Liu Jue 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough there is preponderance of literature on disease burden of diabetes in developed countries, limited investigations have been conducted in less developed regions including China. This study aimed to explore the current prevalence and risk factors for diabetes, pre‐diabetes, awareness, treatment and control of diabetes in China.MethodsWe included 12,458 adults from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We estimated prevalence of diabetes and pre‐diabetes in the overall sample and by socio‐demographics. Bivariate associations of diabetes, pre‐diabetes, awareness, control and treatment of diabetes with health and function measures were evaluated by chi‐squared test and multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsWe found that the prevalence of diabetes and pre‐diabetes was 13.21% and 25.16%. The prevalence of diabetes increased with advanced age (12.37%, 15.98% and 16.52% among persons who were 45 to 55, 55 to 65 and ≥65 years old, respectively), educational background (14.52%, 15.52% and 15.58% among persons who were illiterate, had primary education and had secondary or above education) and weight (8.18%, 17.05% and 22.54% among persons with a body mass index of 18.5 to 24.9, 25.0 to 29.9 and ≥30.0, respectively). The prevalence of diabetes was higher among urban residents than among rural residents (19.04% vs. 12.85%). We also observed that aged between 55 and 65 years, obesity, history of hypertension and coronary heart disease, and inactivity were significant risk factors of awareness of diabetes.ConclusionOur results indicated that diabetes is high prevalent in adults aged 45 years or above in China. The potentially modifiable risk factors should be further studied to develop interventions and strategies aimed at prevention and treatment of diabetes among middle‐aged and older Chinese adults.
Bayesian variable selection for high‐dimensional rank data
Authors: Cui Can , Singh Susheela P. , Staicu Ana‐Maria , Reich Brian J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe study of microbiomes has become a topic of intense interest in last several decades as the development of new sequencing technologies has made DNA data accessible across disciplines. In this paper, we analyze a global dataset to investigate environmental factors that affect topsoil microbiome. As yet, much associated work has focused on linking indicators of microbial health to specific outcomes in various fields, rather than understanding how external factors may influence the microbiome composition itself. This is partially due to limited statistical methods to model abundance counts. The counts are high‐dimensional, overdispersed, often zero‐inflated, and exhibit complex dependence structures. Additionally, the raw counts are often noisy and compositional, and thus are not directly comparable across samples. Often, practitioners transform the counts to presence–absence indicators, but this transformation discards much of the data. As an alternative, we propose transforming to taxa ranks and develop a Bayesian variable selection model that uses ranks to identify covariates that influence microbiome composition. We show by simulation that the proposed model outperforms competitors across various settings and particular improvement in recall for small magnitude and low prevalence covariates. When applied to the topsoil data, the proposed method identifies several factors that affect microbiome composition.
Singular spectrum analysis for value at risk in stochastic volatility models
Authors: Arteche Josu , García‐Enríquez Javier 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEstimation of the value at risk (VaR) requires prediction of the future volatility. Whereas this is a simple task in ARCH and related models, it becomes much more complicated in stochastic volatility (SV) processes where the volatility is a function of a latent variable that is not observable. In‐sample (present and past values) and out‐of‐sample (future values) predictions of that unobservable variable are thus necessary. This paper proposes singular spectrum analysis (SSA), which is a fully nonparametric technique that can be used for both purposes. A combination of traditional forecasting techniques and SSA is also considered to estimate the VaR. Their performance is assessed in an extensive Monte Carlo and with an application to a daily series of S&P500 returns.
Epigenetic control of region‐specific transcriptional programs in mouse cerebellar and cortical astrocytes
Authors: Welle Anna , Kasakow Carmen V. , Jungmann Annemarie M. , Gobbo Davide , Stopper Laura , Nordström Karl , Salhab Abdulrahman , Gasparoni Gilles , Scheller Anja , Kirchhoff Frank , Walter Jörn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAstrocytes from the cerebral cortex (CTX) and cerebellum (CB) share basic molecular programs, but also form distinct spatial and functional subtypes. The regulatory epigenetic layers controlling such regional diversity have not been comprehensively investigated so far. Here, we present an integrated epigenome analysis of methylomes, open chromatin, and transcriptomes of astroglia populations isolated from the cortex or cerebellum of young adult mice. Besides a basic overall similarity in their epigenomic programs, cortical astrocytes and cerebellar astrocytes exhibit substantial differences in their overall open chromatin structure and in gene‐specific DNA methylation. Regional epigenetic differences are linked to differences in transcriptional programs encompassing genes of region‐specific transcription factor networks centered around Lhx2/Foxg1 in CTX astrocytes and the Zic/Irx families in CB astrocytes. The distinct epigenetic signatures around these transcription factor networks point to a complex interconnected and combinatorial regulation of region‐specific transcriptomes. These findings suggest that key transcription factors, previously linked to temporal, regional, and spatial control of neurogenesis, also form combinatorial networks important for astrocytes. Our study provides a valuable resource for the molecular basis of regional astrocyte identity and physiology.
Efficacy of naltrexone in borderline personality disorder, a retrospective analysis in inpatients
Authors: Timäus Charles , Meiser Miriam , Wiltfang Jens , Bandelow Borwin , Wedekind Dirk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe endogenous opioid system is assumed to be involved in the pathophysiology of borderline personality disorder (BPD), and opioid antagonists may improve core features of BPD. The aim of this retrospective chart analysis was to evaluate the relative contribution of the opioid antagonist naltrexone and other psychotropic drugs in the improvement of overall symptomatology in BPD.MethodsOne hundred sixty‐one inpatients with BPD treated between January 2010 and October 2013 were classified as either treatment responders or non‐responders. Treatment responders were defined as subjects with significant improvements in four or more symptoms from a defined symptom list. The relative contribution of all psychotropic drugs to improvement of BPD symptomatology was assessed by means of a stepwise logistic regression.ResultsNone of the drugs applied contributed significantly to improvement, with the exception of naltrexone (odds ratio [OR] 43.2, p ≤ 0.0001). Patients treated with naltrexone (N = 55, 34%) recovered significantly more often. Higher doses of naltrexone were more effective (OR 791.8, p ≤ 0.0001) than lower doses (OR 26.6, p ≤ 0.0001); however, even low‐dose treatment was better than any other pharmacological treatment.ConclusionsNaltrexone was associated with improvement in BPD in a dose‐dependent manner. The present study provides additional evidence that dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system is implicated in the pathophysiology of BPD symptoms.
Caspase‐8: A key protein of cross‐talk signal way in “PANoptosis” in cancer
Authors: Jiang Mingxia , Qi Ling , Li Lisha , Wu Yiming , Song Dongfeng , Li Yanjing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase)‐8 has long been considered a promoter of apoptosis and part of the mechanism by which cytotoxic drugs kill cancer cells. With the continuous exploration of the types of programmed cell death, an increasing number of studies have confirmed that caspase‐8 plays an important role in cancer. Recently, scholars have proposed the term “PANoptosis,” which mainly includes three programmed cell death modes, namely pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis. In addition to mediating endogenous apoptotic pathways, caspase‐8 can also participate in the cleavage of gasdermin (GSDM) family proteins to induce pyroptosis. Furthermore, the expression of enzymatically inactive caspase‐8 (C362S) can cause embryonic lethality and inflammatory tissue destruction in mice by inducing necroptosis and pyroptosis. Therefore, the activation and deletion of caspase‐8 enzyme activity, as well as the knockout of the coding gene, are closely related to “PANoptosis.” In addition, caspase‐8 can also improve the tumor microenvironment and enhance tumor antiimmunity. Studies have shown that caspase‐8 is also associated with tumor growth and invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis, therapeutic resistance and poor clinical outcomes. Therefore, it is very important to measure the cancer‐promoting and anticancer effects of caspase‐8 and find a balance, and to study its role in the effect of “PANoptosis” in depth. This article reviews the role of caspase‐8 in “PANoptosis” in cancer to provide new strategies and targets for cancer.
Association of bowel movement frequency and laxative use with risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in US women and men
Authors: Long Lu , Liu Xing , Jin Lina , Simon Tracey , Ma Wenjie , Kim Mi Na , Yang Wanshui , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Chan Andrew T. , Giovannucci Edward , Zhang Xuehong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAbnormal bowel movements have been related to a variety of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk factors such as dyslipidemia, diabetes and altered metabolism of bile acids and gut microbiota. However, little is known about whether bowel movement frequency affects the risk of developing HCC. We followed 88 123 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and 28 824 men in the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study (HPFS) for up to 24 years. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to calculate multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (95%CI). We documented 101 incident HCC cases. Compared to those with daily bowel movements, participants with bowel movement more than once per day had a multivariable HR of 1.93 (95%CI: 1.18 to 3.16) in the pooled cohorts. For the same comparison, the positive association appeared stronger for men (2.72, 95% CI: 1.14 to 6.44) than for women (1.63, 95% CI: 0.87 to 3.06) but there was no statistically significant heterogeneity by sex (P‐value = .31). We found null associations between bowel movement every 2 days or less and the risk of HCC (HR = 1.05, 95%CI: 0.62 to 1.79). The HR (95%CI) for participants who used laxatives regularly relative to those who never used laxatives was 1.00 (0.64 to 1.55). Our results suggest participants with bowel movement more than once daily is associated with a higher risk of developing HCC compared to those with daily bowel movements. These findings need to be confirmed and potential mechanisms underlying this association need to be elucidated.
Patient Outcomes in the Years After a DXA-BMD Treatment Monitoring Test: Improved Medication Adherence in Some, But Too Little Too Late
Authors: Kline Gregory A , Lix Lisa M , Leslie William D 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
The role of mid-treatment monitoring dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry–bone mineral density (DXA-BMD) for bisphosphonate-treated patients with osteoporosis remains unsettled. A common reason for such monitoring is to encourage ongoing medication adherence. We sought to determine if a DXA-BMD treatment monitoring test was associated with improved medication adherence and whether improved adherence after a DXA-BMD treatment monitoring test was associated with subsequent reduction in fracture rates. Using linked administrative databases within Manitoba, Canada, we performed a retrospective cohort study of women starting and continuing antiresorptive therapy in whom a mid-treatment DXA-BMD monitoring test was performed. From the provincial pharmacy database, we estimated medication adherence by calculating annual medication possession ratio (MPR) and determining the change in MPR with respect to change (stable/decrease) in the DXA-BMD monitoring test, in addition to fracture rates before and after the test. The cohort comprised 3418 women, 90.7% treated with oral bisphosphonate, with pharmacy data for the 3 years before and after the mid-treatment DXA-BMD. Median (interquartile range) MPR was 0.84 (0.49–0.99) in the year before DXA-BMD and 0.84 (0.48–0.99) in the year after DXA-BMD (p = 0.37). Among those whose DXA-BMD declined, MPR in the prior year was 0.54 (0.04–0.92) but improved to 0.70 (0.31–0.92) in the year after DXA-BMD (p &lt; 0.001). Among those whose DXA-BMD monitoring test was stable/improved, the fracture rate before the monitoring DXA-BMD was 10.1 per 1000 person-years and in those whose DXA-BMD monitoring test showed a decrease, the rate was 23.7 per 1000 person-years (p &lt; 0.001). Despite improved adherence in those with DXA-BMD decline, the post DXA-BMD fracture rate was 22.4 per 1000 person-years versus 12.9 per 1000 person-years in those who had stable DXA-BMD (p &lt; 0.001). A mid-treatment DXA-BMD reassessment strategy may be useful to focus attention upon adherence, but for optimal fracture outcomes, treatment adherence should be specifically addressed at the commencement of therapy. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Bone Radiomics Score Derived From DXA Hip Images Enhances Hip Fracture Prediction in Older Women
Authors: Hong Namki , Park Heajeong , Kim Chang Oh , Kim Hyeon Chang , Choi Jin-Young , Kim Hwiyoung , Rhee Yumie 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-based bone mineral density testing is standard to diagnose osteoporosis to detect individuals at high risk of fracture. A radiomics approach to extract quantifiable texture features from DXA hip images may improve hip fracture prediction without additional costs. Here, we investigated whether bone radiomics scores from DXA hip images could improve hip fracture prediction in a community-based cohort of older women. The derivation set (143 women who sustained hip fracture [mean age 73 years, time to fracture median 2.1 years] versus 290 age-matched women [mean age 73 years] who did not sustain hip fracture during follow-up [median 5.5 years]) were split into the train set (75%) and the test set (25% hold-out set). Among various models using 14 selected features out of 300 texture features mined from DXA hip images in the train set, random forest model was selected as the best model to build a bone radiomics score (range 0 to 100) based on the performance in the test set. In a community-based cohort (2029 women, mean age 71 years) as the clinical validation set, the bone radiomics score was calculated using a model fitted in the train set. A total of 34 participants (1.7%) sustained hip fracture during median follow-up of 5.4 years (mean bone radiomics score 40 ± 16 versus 28 ± 12 in non-fractured, p &lt; 0.001). A one-point bone radiomics score increment was associated with a 4% elevated risk of incident hip fracture (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.04, p = 0.001) after adjustment for age, body mass index (BMI), previous history of fracture, and femoral neck T-score, with improved model fit when added to covariates (likelihood ratio chi-square 10.74, p = 0.001). The association between bone radiomics score with incident hip fracture remained robust (aHR = 1.06, p &lt; 0.001) after adjustment for FRAX hip fracture probability. Bone radiomics scores estimated from texture features of DXA hip images have the potential to improve hip fracture prediction. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Comparison of solvent‐based affinity separation processes using Cyrene and Sulfolane for aromatic/aliphatic separations
Authors: Brouwer Thomas , Schuur Boelo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDVapor–liquid and liquid–liquid equilibria of unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons with the bio‐based solvent dihydrolevoglucosenone, trademarked as Cyrene, have been reported recently, aiming at the utilization of the solvent in liquid–liquid extraction (LLX) and extractive distillation (ED). In this work, for a model system comprised of methylcyclohexane (MCH) and toluene (TOL), both LLX‐based and ED‐based processes were compared over a wide range of compositions based on simulations in AspenPlus V10. An economic evaluation based on total annual costs was performed, and the processes using Cyrene were compared with equivalent processes using the industrial benchmark Sulfolane.RESULTSIn the absence of literature data for Sulfolane–MCH–TOL, additional liquid–liquid extractions were done to facilitate parameter estimation for simulation. The Cyrene‐based ED process was found to be more efficient than the Sulfolane‐based ED process, primarily at lower (<50 mol%) TOL feed concentration, but also higher TOL feed concentrations. For LLX purposes it was found that the Cyrene‐based LLX process was economically the least attractive, primarily due to the larger miscibility region of Cyrene with the hydrocarbon mixture.CONCLUSIONSThe overall conclusion for this specific binary mixture is that LLX with Sulfolane is most economic at a TOL feed concentration of <30 mol%, while for >30 mol% the ED process with Cyrene is most economic. This process analysis showed that Cyrene is an appropriate bio‐based alternative for Sulfolane as an entrainer for ED processes to separate aromatics and aliphatics. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Role of postoperative adjuvant therapy in resected invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: A multicenter external validation
Authors: Choi Munseok , Chong Jae Uk , Hwang Ho Kyoung , Seo Hyung‐Il , Yang Kwangho , Ryu Je Ho , Roh Younghoon , Kim Dong Hyun , Lee Jin Ho , Lee Woo Jung , Choi Sung Hoon , Kang Chang Moo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdjuvant therapy is beneficial in prolonging survival in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). However, no clear guidelines are available on the oncologic effect of adjuvant therapy in resected invasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (inv‐IPMN).MethodsIn total, 551 patients with PDAC and 67 patients with inv‐IPMN of the pancreas were reviewed. For external validation, 46 patients with inv‐IPMN from six other Korean institutions were enrolled. Propensity score‐matched analysis and stage‐matched survival analysis were conducted.ResultsThe mean follow‐up durations in the inv‐IPMN and PDAC groups were 43.36 months (SD, 42.34 months) and 43.35 months (SD, 35.62 months), respectively. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) was significantly better in the resected inv‐IPMN group than in the PDAC group in the overall stage‐matched analysis (P < .001). In the inv‐IPMN cohort, OS was better in the surgery alone group (P = .042). In subgroup analysis, no significant survival difference was found between the adjuvant therapy and surgery alone groups according to the stage (stage I; P = .285, stage II or III; P = .077). Multicenter external validation did not show a better OS in the adjuvant therapy group (P = .531). On multivariable analysis, only perineural invasion (PNI) was identified as an adverse prognostic factor in resected inv‐IPMN (HR 4.844; 95% CI 1.696‐13.838, P = .003).Conclusionsinv‐IPMN has a more indolent course than PDAC. Current strategy of adjuvant therapy may not improve the OS in patients with resected inv‐IPMN. Further investigations on the potential role of adjuvant therapy in inv‐IPMN are mandatory.
Prospects and challenges of mini‐LED, OLED, and micro‐LED displays
Authors: Hsiang En‐Lin , Yang Zhiyong , Yang Qian , Lan Yi‐Fen , Wu Shin‐Tson 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently, “liquid crystal display (LCD), organic light‐emitting diode (OLED), or micro‐light‐emitting diode (LED): who wins?” is a heated debatable question. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive overview of these three promising display technologies through nine display performance indicators, including ambient contrast ratio, motion picture response time, viewing angle and angular color shift, color gamut, resolution density, power consumption, cost, lifetime, and thin profile and panel flexibility. The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are analyzed, and their future perspectives are discussed.