bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Condición del arrecife coralino de Playa Blanca, Punta Gorda, uno de los arrecifes más extensos de la costa Pacífica de Costa Rica
Authors: Méndez-Venegas Mauricio , Jiménez Carlos , Bassey-Fallas Giovanni , Cortés Jorge 
Published: December 2021

Introducción: Los arrecifes coralinos son afectados negativamente por diferentes causas antropogénicas y ambientales en el Golfo de Papagayo.
Objetivo: En esta investigación, la condición del arrecife coralino de Playa Blanca fue evaluado.
Métodos: Entre agosto de 2010 y setiembre de 2011 el porcentaje de coral vivo por especie y del alga Caulerpa sertularoides fue determinado; el crecimiento anual de P. damicornis y P. elegans fue medido y relacionado con variables ambientales.
Resultados: Se encontraron 14 especies de corales, dos de ellas, F. curvata y L. papyracea, únicamente como esqueletos. La zona con la mayor cobertura fue en la zona media de la playa. La especie con mayor CCV en todos los ámbitos de profundidad fue P. damicornis, seguido de P. elegans. La CCV descendió de 29 % en septiembre 2010 a 1 % en octubre 2010. La mortalidad masiva fue causada por una Floración Algal Nociva (FAN). La tasa de crecimiento de P. damicornis (26.0 ± 8.9 mm año-1) y de P. elegans (27.9 ± 4.5 mm año-1), no mostraron diferencias significativas entre profundidades ni por ubicación en el arrecife.
Conclusiones: El exuberante arrecife de coral de Playa Blanca experimentó una regresión repentina de la CCV similar a las descritas por Glynn et al. (1983). Esto sugiere que ocurren ciclos de mortalidad y recuperación natural de los arrecifes de coral, aunque las presiones antropogénicas reducen la capacidad de resiliencia de estos. El ordenamiento espacial, tanto en tierra como en el mar, es vital para un adecuado desarrollo humano, en el que se incorpore en el análisis el aumento de la capacidad de recuperación de los ecosistemas coralinos.
The devil is coming: Feeding behavior of juvenile Munk’s devil rays (Mobula munkiana) in very shallow waters of Punta Descartes, Costa Rica
Authors: Porsiel Nathalie , Hernández Sebastián , Cordier Damien , Heidemeyer Maike 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Identifying critical habitats for vulnerable elasmobranch species is crucial for effective conservation measures. The Munk’s devil ray (Mobula munkiana) is endemic to the Eastern Pacific, but yet little is known about its biology, ecology, and habitat use. As filter feeders, it is assumed that this species concentrates at high-productive upwelling regions, such as the Costa Rican Dome. Like many elasmobranchs, its populations are highly depleted and require urgent information to inform better conservation measures.
Objective: The study was conducted to gain information on a unique behavior observed in juvenile M. munkiana, so further information can be provided on early life stages of this vulnerable species.
Methods: From June to September 2017 and in August 2018, the feeding behavior of juvenile Mobula munkiana was observed in two shallow bays located at Punta Descartes, North Pacific Costa Rica. Individuals were captured using a non-lethal method to obtain data on size, weight, and sex distribution. Plankton samples (n = 100) were taken at both bays throughout the months to infer diet composition.
Results: Munk’s devil rays showed a repetitive swimming movement parallel to the beach, feeding exclusively in the shallow breaking zone of the low tide waves at depth <50cm. A total of 12 M. munkiana (11 live and one found dead) indicated a juvenile feeding aggregation ranging from 490 – 610mm in disk width and 1400 – 2300gr in weight. The sex ratio (males to females) was 3:1. Zooplankton of the order Mysidacae was found in the highest abundance in the breaking zone.
Conclusions: The specific behavior and seasonal occurrence of juvenile Munk’s devil rays in this area seem to be driven by prey abundance. More research is needed to conclude the presence of reproductive adults at deeper depths and the year-round habitat use of Punta Descartes. The area is threatened by unsustainable development and requires realistic management strategies to guarantee the survival of vulnerable species and their critical habitats.
YIELD PERFORMANCES OF PELLETED TRUE POTATO (TPS) SEEDS IN OUTDOOR SEEDBED GROWING
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Gülsüm , DUMANOĞLU Zeynep 
Published: December 2021

Yield performances of pelleted true potato seeds were tested in the outdoor seedbed growing at BornovaIzmir, Turkey in 2017 and 2018. Micro yield trial was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD)
with following treatments: seedling from pelleted seed (SPS), seedling from non-pelleted seed (SNPS), pelleted
single seed (PSS), pelleted two (double) seed (PDS), pelleted three (triple) seed (PTS), non-pelleted seed (NS)
and minituber (MT). The following results were obtained the PTS had the highest tuber number (9.1); the
PDS had the highest single tuber weight similar to the control MT; the PTS had the highest plant yield (182.3
g); the PTS had the highest plot yield (1.0 kg) with the MT (Control); the PDS had the highest tuber width (3.4
cm) similar to the MT (control) and the PDS had the highest tuber length (4.2 cm) similar to the MT (4.1 cm)
and PSS (4.0 cm)
The high mean for the agronomical traits indicated that pelleted potato seeds could be successfully used in the
outdoor seedbed growing.
A Tríplice Fronteira Setentrional do Brasil e a arquitetura do Forte São Joaquim do Rio Branco
Authors: Da Costa Graciete Guerra 
Published: December 2021

Resumo. O trabalho estuda as características particulares da Arquitetura produzida na Região da tríplice fronteira, Brasil, Venezuela e Guiana Inglesa em meados do século XVIII. Trata-se do Forte de São Joaquim do Rio Branco no Estado de Roraima situado na porção mais Setentrional do Brasil localizado no encontro dos rios Tacutu e Uraricoera, que se juntam para formar o Rio Branco. O ponto era estratégico porque o rio Tacutu serviu de entrada de espanhóis vindos da Venezuela, e o Uraricoera era utilizado pelos holandeses surgidos do Suriname para chegar ao rio Amazonas. O objetivo desse trabalho é verificar como se encontra atualmente esse forte, valorizar a sua Arquitetura e estudar o engenheiro militar alemão Phelippe Stürm.
Physical and Chemical Properties of oils of three varieties seeds of passion fruit: Passiflora alata Curtis, Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa and Passiflora quadrangularis
Authors: Silva Simone Rodrigues , Dos Santos Elizângela Augusta , De Melo Filho Antônio Alves 
Published: December 2021

This paper reports the physicochemical characteristics of the seed oils from different varieties of passion fruit (Passiflora alata Curtis, Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa and Passiflora quadrangularis) cultivated in Brazil, Roraima. The oil from passion fruit, within the range of 19.29±0.02; 21.34±0.22 e 14.24±0.16%, respectively. The physicohemical characteristics of the extracted oils were: free fatty acid contents (0.84±0.01 - 2.73±0.05 % mg KOH g-1 as oleic acid), iodine value (101.63±0.18 - 125.96±0.13 g of I2 100 g-1 of oil), and saponification index (90.56±0.32 - 179.06±0.19 mg KOH g-1 of oil). The oils revealed a reasonable oxidative parameter range as depicted by the determinations of index peroxide value (1.92±0.09 – 3.05±0.03 meqO2 kg-1 of oil). Linoleic acid was the major fatty acid found in all the seed oils with contributions of 55.75-63.42% of the total fatty acids (FA). Other fatty acids detected were known to be oleic acid (19.3-20.1%), palmitic acid (10.8-12.8%) and stearic acid (3.25-4.25%). Through the DPPH test we observed the presence of antioxidants in the three oil samples. The results of the present study indicate that the seeds of the tested passion fruit varieties from Roraima are a potential source of high-linoleic oil and thus can be explored for commercial use and value addition.
A study on association of serum uric acid and blood pressure in hypertensives at a tertiary care centre
Authors: Babu K Ranjith , Samozai Malika Noorjehan , Devarapalli Rajashree 
Published: December 2021

Hypertension(HTN) is the most common and significant cardiovascular disease because of its prevalence and severity of the damage to the mankind globally. Hyperuricemia, a condition of increased levels of Serum Uric acid (UA) has been proposed to have an association with hypertension in various studies. In certain studies, serum uric acid levels has been found to be an independent predictor for developing hypertension. On the basis of the above observations, we have proposed to the present study to compare the relationship between serum UA and hypertension in a single cohort with adjustment of all possible confounding factors.A total of 245 subjects were enrolled in this study during a regular routine health checkup. All subjects were informed about the study aims Individuals having a known history of gout and cardiac or severe renal diseases and patients who are already under medication for anti-hyperuricemic were excluded from the study. General information like Name, Age, Sex, Occupation, Address along with history of any drug intake and anthropometric indices - body weight (BW), body height (BH), hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), and lifestyle information have been obtained. The data has been arranged in tables with mean ± SD for further analysis. The data is analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. The difference between the groups for baseline variables was done by independent sample t-test (two-tailed). Pearson’s correlation coefficient test was performed to assess the interrelationships between baseline variables and SUA concentrations. The differences for the variables among the groups was determined by using One-way ANOVA.Of the 245 subjects, mean age of the participants was 42.4 ± 8.4 years (range 18–70 years). There was no significant difference in the mean levels of Height, Weight and BMI between the two groups. Mean levels of WC, HC were significantly different between two group (p &#60; 0.05) subjects. The mean levels of SBP and DBP were also significantly more in the hypertensive subjects (p &#60; 0.001). In Pearson’s correlation coefficient test, SUA levels were significantly related with SBP and DBP. In this study, we have observed comparatively a stronger relationship for SUA concentration with hypertension and prehypertension in the participants. The extended mechanism for the effect of SUA on hypertension is yet to be elucidated. There are some hypotheses partly explain the association between SUA and high blood pressure. One of the possible mechanism might be uric acid deposition on the blood vessels walls activates the renin-angiotensin system, suppress the liberate of carbon monoxide, enhance inflammation, and leads to vasoconstriction on later stage, which consequently leads to hyperplasia and incidence of hypertension. Another possibility involving oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction associated with high SUA levels may contribute to high blood pressure.
Study of contributing arteries to superficial palmar arch formation
Authors: Sridevi P Bangale 
Published: December 2021

The superficial palmar arch (SPA) is formed predominantly by the ulnar artery with a contribution from the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery.: To study contributing arteries in superficial palmar arch formation and variations in its formation.: Study comprised of 30 upper limbs from 15 cadavers. Palmar arches in them were dissected following classical incisions and dissection procedures of Cunninghams’ manual.: SPA was formed by superficial branch of ulnar artery only in 13.33% specimens, by superficial branch of both ulnar and radial artery in 70% specimens, by superficial branch of ulnar and persistent median artery in 13.33% specimens and was formed by superficial branches of ulnar and radial arteries with persistent median artery in 3.33% specimens. SPA was complete in 80% and was incomplete in 20% specimens.: The arch formation is highly variable. Knowledge of contribution to the SPA will be helpful to the reconstructive hand surgical procedures such as arterial repairs, vascular graft applications and re-implantations.
Topography of the location of mental foramen in dried edentulous human mandible and its clinical implication
Authors: Vaghela Bhadreshkumar P , Gupta Boski , Gupta Sudarshan 
Published: December 2021

The mental foramen is an oval or round opening on external surface of mandible and transmits mental nerve and vessels. Mostly located at apex of second mandibular premolar or between the apices of premolars. The study was commenced on 60 dried edentulous mandibles with the aim to determine location of mental foramen(MF) with reference to surrounding anatomical landmarks. By measuring its distance from midline (symphysis menti), posterior border of ramus of mandible, lower border of mandible. Length of lower border (Base) of mandible was also measured. In present study most common shape of mental foramen was round (70%). The mean distances of MF from midline are 24.36mm on right side and 24.15mm left side. From posterior border of ramus are 64.45mm on right side and 64.15mm on left side. From base of mandible are 12.29mm on right side and 12.48mm on left side. Length of base mandible (midline to angle of mandible) is 83.27mm right side and 83.12mm left side. Ratio of distance from symphysis menti to MF and length of base of mandible are same on both sides that are 0.29. There is statistically significant positive correlation between distance from symphysis menti to MF and length of base of mandible.The MF plays a very important role in treatment planning and its location needs to be considered prior to placement of dental-implants, regional anesthesia, osteotomy-surgeries and during complete denture-fabrication in order to avoid MN injury and related complications.
Research on key influencing factors of university students' digital competence in blended teaching
Authors: Zhang Kai 
Published: December 2021

Understanding the current state of information and communication technology (ICT) use in teaching situations will help schools better develop students' 21st-century skills to meet the digital age's challenges and opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for colleges and universities to formulate the framework and implementation strategies of digital literacy education, by analysing the key factors that influence the digital literacy education of college students. Firstly, based on literature research and activity theory, this paper integrates and refines the influencing factors of digital literacy education of college students from five dimensions, and analyses the key factors affecting digital literacy education. Then, experts were invited to fill in the questionnaire to obtain sample data, and the interaction between the factors was analysed by using the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method to identify the key influencing factors. The results show that university policy, cultural environment, ICT infrastructure, teaching management and evaluation system are the five key influencing factors.

Keywords: ICT, digital literacy education, university students, activity theory, DEMATEL
Andrzeja J. Norasa badania nad neokantyzmem
Authors: Trochimska-Kubacka Beata 
Published: December 2021

The paper presents the scholarly profile and scientific accomplishments of Andrzej J. Noras, a distinguished philosopher and historian of philosophy. Noras was an indisputable authority in the area of Neo-Kantianism philosophy. He was particularly interested in the issue of the periodisation of history of philosophy, the issues of philosophical systems, the relation between philosophy and psychology, as well as the question of the method of history of philosophy. Outlining Noras’s contribution of to the interpretation of the neo-Kantian philosophy, the paper includes also an overview of his major works, Historia neokantyzmu [History of Neo-Kantianism] and Kłopoty filozofii [Problems of Philosophy].
Functional Outcome After Nonoperative Treatment of a Proximal Humeral Fracture in Adults
Authors: Goudie Ewan B. , MacDonald Deborah J. , Robinson C. Michael 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The functional outcome following nonoperative treatment of a proximal humeral fracture and the factors that influence it are poorly defined. We aimed to prospectively assess patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in a patient cohort at 1 year after the injury.

Methods:
In this study, 774 adult patients sustaining a proximal humeral fracture completed PROM assessments, including the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), the EuroQol-5 Dimensions-3 Levels (EQ-5D-3L), and visual analog scale (VAS) assessments of pain, health, and overall treatment satisfaction at 1 year. The mean patient age was 65.6 years, and 73.8% of patients were female. The influences of demographic and fracture measurements and complications on the OSS and EQ-5D-3L were assessed.

Results:
The 1-year mean scores were 33.2 points (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.1 to 34.2 points) for the OSS and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.55 to 0.61) for the EQ-5D-3L. There was considerable heterogeneity in the reported scores, and the 3 demographic variables of higher levels of dependency, higher levels of social deprivation, and a history of affective (mood) disorder were most consistently associated with poorer outcomes, accounting for between 37% and 43% of the score variation. The initial fracture translation potentially leading to nonunion accounted for 9% to 15% of the variation, and a displaced tuberosity fracture was also predictive of 1% to 4% of the outcome variation. There was evidence of a ceiling effect for the OSS, with 238 patients (30.8%) having a score of ≥47 points but a mean outcome satisfaction of only 72.9 points, and this effect was more pronounced in younger, active individuals. At the other end of the spectrum, 239 patients (30.9%) reported an OSS of ≤24 points, and 120 patients (15.5%) had a “worse-than-death” EQ-5D-3L score.

Conclusions:
Nonoperative treatment of proximal humeral fractures produces considerable variation in shoulder-specific and general health outcomes at 1 year, and a substantial proportion of patients have poor perceived functional outcomes. The outcome for the majority of less-displaced fractures is mainly influenced by preexisting patient-related psychosocial factors, although the fracture-related factors of displacement, nonunion, and tuberosity displacement account for a small but measurable proportion of the variation and the poorer outcomes in the minority with more severe injuries.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
DEA WINDOW ANALYSIS FOR INDONESIAN ISLAMIC BANKS’ EFFICIENCY
Authors: Rusydiana Aam Slamet , As-Salafiyah Aisyah 
Published: December 2021

This study measures the efficiency of Islamic banks in Indonesia using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) window methods for 14 Indonesia’s Islamic banks covering the period spanning from 2011 to 2020.. The results show that the efficiency of Islamic banks averages 80% and exhibits increasing trend over the period 2011-2020. Based on stability measures, which are standard deviation (SD), Long Distance per Window (LDW), Long Distance per Period (LDP), and Long Distance per Year (LDY), we find the efficiency of PT Bank BRI Syariah (BSI) and PT Bank Syariah Mandiri (BSI) to be relatively stable.
Production of Thin Pb<sub>x</sub>Sn<sub>1–x</sub>Te Films by “Hot Wall” Method for Creating IR-Photodetectors
Authors: Ivanov V. A. , Krasovskii V. V. , Gremenok V. F. , Postnova L. I. 
Published: December 2021

Alloys of lead and tin telluride (PbxSn1–xTe) are materials with good thermoelectric properties, as well as semiconductors that can be used as long-wave infrared detectors. Polycrystalline telluride of PbxSn1–xTe (0.05 £ x £ 0.80) alloys has been synthesized by direct fusion technique. Thin films of these materials have been obtained by the hot wall method depositing Сorning 7059 on glass substrates at Tsub = (200–350) oC and vacuum of about 10–5 Torr. The microstructure of the films has been investigated by XRD, SEM and EDX methods. The X-ray spectra of thin films have been in satisfactorily agreement with the spectra of the powder target and indicated the absence of binary phases. The films have shown a natural cubic crystalline structure. While increasing the lead content, the unit cell parameter of the crystal also increases. The established linear relationship between the unit cell parameter and the elemental composition corresponds to Vegard's law. The SEM analysis has shown that the films are polycrystalline, have a columnar structure, are tightly packed and have good mechanical adhesion. The grain size depends on the chemical composition and temperature of the substrate. The electrical measurements have shown that the grown films are non-degenerate semiconductors of p-type conductivity. The conductivity of the films was in the range of σ = (3 × 101)–(1 × 104) Ω–1×cm–1. An increase of lead concentration leads to a decrease in electrical conductivity. Hall mobility in the grown thin films increases in the range of changes in the lead content from ~10 to ~23 at. %, and decreases with a further increase to ~33 at. %. At the same time, the strongest dependence of the decrease in mobility on an increase in temperature increase is observed for films with a high lead content and is explained by the predominant scattering of charge carriers by vibrations of the crystal lattice. For a sample with an average lead concentration, an alternative effect of two scattering mechanisms is observed in the temperature dependence of the mobility: by impurity ions and by phonons.
Fuzzy Based Spatial Risk Evaluation of Plastic Pollution: A Case Study of Anambra State of Nigeria
Authors: Chukwuma Emmanuel Chibundo , orakwe Louis Chukwuemeka , Emenike Ejikeme Emmanuel , Okonkwo Chukwuma Chris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Natural systems, human health, and artistic sensitivities are all threatened by plastic pollution in most developed and developing countries. Plastic has emerged as a major global threat with rivers serving as sink for transported plastics, emanating from the terrestrial environment as a result of human activities. Anambra State in Nigeria is arguably the business hub of the South-eastern part of Nigeria, with a massive output of plastic wastes daily from individuals, commercial activities and industries. Owing to an inefficient waste management system, plastic leakage into her drainage networks is a critical environmental challenge. The aim of this study is to geospatially model the vulnerability associated with the various plastic leakage factors to the environment. To achieve this aim, data on different thematic variables which include plastic waste density, slope, land-use, drainage density and distance to drainage network of the study area were modelled, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) was used to delineate the variables in order to obtain final risk map for the study area. The result of the study indicates that a total area very high risk is 1840.03 km2, this constitutes about 40.11% of the study area. Local Governments Areas (LGA) located in the southern part of the study area is more susceptible to plastic waste leakage, this could be linked to factors like high dense population and increasing rate of urbanization in the region. It is recommended that waste collection should be frequent, strategic and higher priority should be attached to the high risked area from this study. Anambra State Government also needs to work together with plastic recycling companies, for effective collection of plastic wastes in the areas classified as hotspots in plastic litter accumulation as one of the mitigation measures.