bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An examination of house price bubble in the real estate sector: the case of a small island economy – Fiji
Authors: Khan Mohsin , Singh Rup , Patel Arvind , Jain Devendra Kumar 
Published: February 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to assess the equilibrium house price in the city of Suva (Fiji) and to analyse the house price bubble in the Fiji housing market.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper adopts a time series approach to determine the presence of house price bubbles in Fiji over the period from 1988 to 2018.

Findings
The findings suggest that real income, land cost, building material price, inflation rate, volatility, household size and wealth have a positive impact on house prices, whereas user cost of capital and political disturbances have a negative impact. The findings further indicate that the Fijis’ housing market does not constitute any house price bubble.

Practical implications
This paper draws policy implications for a small developing state (Fiji) and other similar economies.

Originality/value
The price bubble in the Fiji housing market is analysed for the first time. This paper develops a comprehensive empirical approach to assess the equilibrium-housing price in Fiji.
Alterations in the gut microbiome and metabolic profile in rats acclimated to high environmental temperature
Authors: Cao Yang , Liu Ying , Dong Qingyang , Wang Tao , Niu Chao 
Published: February 2021

SummaryHeat acclimation (HA) is the best strategy to improve heat stress tolerance by inducing positive physiological adaptations. Evidence indicates that the gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in the development of HA, and modulation of gut microbiota can improve tolerance to heat exposure and decrease the risks of heat illness. In this study, for the first time, we applied 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) metabolomics to explore variations in the gut microbiome and faecal metabolic profiles in rats after HA. The gut microbiota of HA subjects exhibited higher diversity and richer microbes. HA altered the gut microbiota composition with significant increases in the genera Lactobacillus (a major probiotic) and Oscillospira alongside significant decreases in the genera Blautia and Allobaculum. The faecal metabolome was also significantly changed after HA, and among the 13 perturbed metabolites, (S)‐AL 8810 and celastrol were increased. Moreover, the two increased genera were positively correlated with the two upregulated metabolites and negatively correlated with the other 11 downregulated metabolites, while the correlations between the two decreased genera and the upregulated/downregulated metabolites were completely contrary. In summary, both the structure of the gut microbiome community and the faecal metabolome were improved after 28 days of HA. These findings provide novel insights regarding the improvement of the gut microbiome and its functions as a potential mechanism by which HA confers protection against heat stress.
Heritability of ethanol consumption and pharmacokinetics in a genetically diverse panel of collaborative cross mouse strains and their inbred founders
Authors: Bagley Jared R. , Chesler Elissa J. , Philip Vivek M. ,   Center for the Systems Genetics of Addiction, Jentsch James D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundInterindividual variation in voluntary ethanol consumption and ethanol response is partially influenced by genetic variation. Discovery of the genes and allelic variants that affect these phenotypes may clarify the etiology and pathophysiology of problematic alcohol use, including alcohol use disorder. Genetically diverse mouse populations, which demonstrate heritable variation in ethanol consumption, can be utilized to discover the genes and gene networks that influence this trait. The Collaborative Cross (CC) recombinant inbred strains, Diversity Outbred (DO) population and their 8 founder strains are complementary mouse resources that capture substantial genetic diversity and can demonstrate expansive phenotypic variation in heritable traits. These populations may be utilized to discover candidate genes and gene networks that moderate ethanol consumption and other ethanol‐related traits.MethodsWe characterized ethanol consumption, preference, and pharmacokinetics in the 8 founder strains and 10 CC strains in 12‐hour drinking sessions during the dark phase of the circadian cycle.ResultsEthanol consumption was substantially heritable, both early in ethanol access and over a chronic intermittent access schedule. Ethanol pharmacokinetics were also heritable; however, no association between strain‐level ethanol consumption and pharmacokinetics was detected. The PWK/PhJ strain was the highest drinking strain, with consumption substantially exceeding that of the C57BL/6J strain, which is commonly used as a model of “high” or “binge” drinking. Notably, we found strong evidence that sex moderated genetic effects on voluntary ethanol drinking.ConclusionsCollectively, this research serves as a foundation for expanded genetic study of ethanol consumption in the CC/DO and related populations. Moreover, we identified reference strains with extreme consumption phenotypes that effectively represent polygenic models of excessive ethanol use.
Effect of 15‐year sward management on vertical distribution of plant functional groups in a semi‐natural perennial grassland of central Europe
Authors: Kassahun Teowdroes , Pavlů Klára , Pavlů Vilém V. , Pavlů Lenka , Blažek Petr 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsThe nutrient concentration in herbage and biomass productivity analyses are dependent on the vertical distribution of different sward layers where the sampling is done. Notably, a majority of studies indicate clipping biomass to the ground level without any consideration of the vertical distribution. This study examined the effect of cutting and grazing intensities on the vertical distribution of plant functional groups.LocationOldřichov Grazing Experiment, northern Czechia.MethodsDuring a 15‐year experiment: (a) intensive and (b) extensive grazing without cutting; (c) cutting in June followed by intensive and (d) extensive grazing; and (e) undefoliated treatment were applied throughout the vegetation season. Biomass data were collected at two layers in the sward (below and above 3 cm) and separated into five functional groups. Biomass data were analysed to examine the succession and effects of treatments on vertical distribution of functional groups.ResultsTreatment effects were differentiated after 2–3 years from the introduction of management, but the composition of functional groups fluctuated over time. Treatments significantly affected total biomass of all functional groups and the vertical distribution within swards of most groups. Particularly intensive grazing significantly decreased the total biomass of graminoids, forbs, and dead biomass in favour of legumes (which increased). This led to a shift in the relative biomass distribution from the upper sward layer to the lower layer for most functional groups except for legumes and mosses.ConclusionThe high proportion of dead biomass in the lower sward layer suggests the need for a methodological approach that considers clipping of biomass only above 3 cm when sampling for productivity and forage quality analysis. This approach would avoid including biomass from below 3 cm or the lower layer, which would be ungrazed by cattle. Many previous studies may have reported a distorted or inflated value in herbage productivity or forage quality results.
Multiple sclerosis limited to spinal cord lesions
Authors: Takeuchi Wataru , Fujimori Juichi , Nakashima Ichiro 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesA recent Asian study proposed a phenotype of “pure spinal multiple sclerosis.” Thus, we tried to identify cases of myelitis that can fulfil the 2017 McDonald criteria with minimum or no brain lesions.MethodsIn our consecutive cases, we explored patients who presented with recurrent or monophasic short‐segment partial myelitis, positive cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands and no more than a single asymptomatic periventricular lesion <10 mm on brain magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsA total of six patients (1 men and 5 women) were identified. All six patients could fulfil the 2017 McDonald criteria. The patients primarily presented disturbance of superficial sensation, whereas fewer presented motor symptoms or disturbance in deep sensation. No pathological brain atrophy or brainstem, cerebellar, or optic nerve lesions were observed. The sequelae were mild, and no patients showed a progressive disease course.ConclusionsThe identified phenotype of multiple sclerosis seems to be female dominant and presents a relatively mild clinical course without pathological brain atrophy.
Individual Differences in Reward‐Based Learning Predict Fluid Reasoning Abilities
Authors: Stocco Andrea , Prat Chantel S. , Graham Lauren K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe ability to reason and problem‐solve in novel situations, as measured by the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM), is highly predictive of both cognitive task performance and real‐world outcomes. Here we provide evidence that RAPM performance depends on the ability to reallocate attention in response to self‐generated feedback about progress. We propose that such an ability is underpinned by the basal ganglia nuclei, which are critically tied to both reward processing and cognitive control. This hypothesis was implemented in a neurocomputational model of the RAPM task, which was used to derive novel predictions at the behavioral and neural levels. These predictions were then verified in one neuroimaging and two behavioral experiments. Furthermore, an effective connectivity analysis of the neuroimaging data confirmed a role for the basal ganglia in modulating attention. Taken together, these results suggest that individual differences in a neural circuit related to reward processing underpin human fluid reasoning abilities.
Autoinflammatory syndromes
Authors: Meier‐Schiesser Barbara , French Lars E. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryAutoinflammatory syndromes are a steadily growing group of inflammatory diseases caused by abnormal regulations of the innate immune system. The clinical presentation is multifaceted, but recurrent fever, skin involvement, joint inflammation and other systemic symptoms of inflammation are characteristic. In contrast to classic autoimmune diseases, autoantibodies or specific T cells are not involved in the pathogenesis. In fact, innate immunity plays the most important role in autoinflammation. While activation of the innate immune system is usually self‐limiting in healthy individuals, mutations and dysregulation can lead to chronic and excessive activation of innate immune responses and to the development of autoinflammatory diseases.
Long‐term (52‐week) efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin as an adjunct to insulin therapy in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes: Subgroup analysis of the DEPICT‐2 study
Authors: Araki Eiichi , Mathieu Chantal , Shiraiwa Toshihiko , Maeda Hajime , Ikeda Hiroki , Thoren Fredrik , Arya Niki , Asano Michiko , Iqbal Nayyar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimTo examine the long‐term efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin, a sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 (SGLT2) inhibitor used to treat type 1 diabetes, in the Japanese subpopulation of the DEPICT‐2 study.Materials and MethodsPatients with type 1 diabetes were randomized to dapagliflozin 5 mg (n = 55), dapagliflozin 10 mg (n = 41) or placebo (n = 58) plus insulin for a 24‐week, double‐blind period followed by a 28‐week, single‐blind extension phase.ResultsFrom baseline to 24 weeks, dapagliflozin reduced HbA1c compared with placebo (mean change of −0.58% and −0.80% for 5 and 10 mg, respectively), and an HbA1c reduction was observed up to 52 weeks. Compared with placebo, dapagliflozin 5 and 10 mg increased the proportion of patients achieving HbA1c reductions of 0.5% or more without severe hypoglycaemia events and reduced glycaemic variability assessed via continuous glucose monitoring. Both dapagliflozin doses decreased body weight and total daily insulin dose at 24 weeks compared with placebo; these reductions were maintained up to 52 weeks. Diabetic ketoacidosis occurred in both dapagliflozin groups (one and two cases, respectively) but not with placebo.ConclusionsEfficacy and safety results from the Japanese subpopulation of the DEPICT‐2 study were generally consistent with those from the overall population, indicating that long‐term dapagliflozin adjunct to insulin therapy improves glycaemic control without an increased risk of hypoglycaemia but with a risk of diabetic ketoacidosis in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes.
Sex bias in admission to tertiary‐care centres for acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock
Authors: Sambola Antonia , Elola Francisco Javier , Buera Irene , Fernández Cristina , Bernal José Luis , Ariza Albert , Brindis Ralph , Bueno Héctor , Rodríguez‐Padial Luis , Marín Francisco , Barrabés José Antonio , Hsia Renee , Anguita Manuel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data on sex‐specific outcomes and management of cardiogenic shock complicating ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (CS‐STEMI). We investigated whether any sex bias exists in the admission to revascularization capable hospitals (RCH) or intensive cardiac care units (ICCU) and its impact on in‐hospital mortality.MethodsWe used the Spanish National Health System Minimum Basic Data from 2003 to 2015 to identify patients with CS‐STEMI. The primary outcome was sex differences in in‐hospital mortality.ResultsAmong 340 490 STEMI patients, 20 262 (6%) had CS and 29.2% were female. CS incidence was higher in women than in men (7.9% vs 5.1%, P = .001). Women were older and had more hypertension and diabetes, and were less often admitted to RCH than men (from 58.7% in 2003 to 79.6% in 2015; and from 61.9% in 2003 to 85.3% in 2015; respectively, P = .01), and to ICCU centres (25.7% vs 29.2%, P = .001). Adjusted mortality was higher in women than men over time (from 79.5 ± 4.3% to 65.8 ± 6.5%; and from 67.8 ± 6% to 58.1 ± 6.5%; respectively, P < .001). ICCU availability was associated with higher use of Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in women (46.8% to 67.2%; P < .001) but was even higher in men (54.8% to 77.4%; P < .001). In ICCU centres, adjusted mortality rates decreased in both sexes, but lower in women (from 74.9 ± 5.4% to 66.3 ± 6.6%) than in men (from 67.8 ± 6.0% to 58.1 ± 6.5%, P < .001). Female sex was an independent predictor of mortality (OR 1.18 95% CI 1.10‐1.27, P < .001).ConclusionsWomen with CS‐STEMI were less referred to tertiary‐care centres and had a higher adjusted in‐hospital mortality than men.
Thickness change and deformation of custom‐made mouthguards after two years of use by Bangladeshi field hockey players
Authors: Hayashi Kairi , Chowdhury Ruman Uddin , Chowdhury Nafees Uddin , Shrestha Abhishekhi , Pradhan Ishan , Shahrin Sharika , Toyoshima Yukako , Tanabe Gen , Yoshida Yuriko , Togawa Kaito , Churei Hiroshi , Ueno Toshiaki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground/AimSports mouthguards are effective devices that prevent dental trauma in sports activities. Players should change mouthguards on a regular basis because of thickness reduction and shape deformation. However, there is no guidance regarding the best timing to change mouthguards. The aims of this study were to analyze the thickness change and deformation of mouthguards after 2 years of use in Bangladesh field hockey players and to consider appropriate evaluation criteria.Material and MethodsFifty‐seven field hockey players belonging to the Bangladesh Sports Education Institute participated in this study. Participants were provided with double‐layered mouthguards made of polyolefin‐based material using a vacuum‐forming machine. Mouthguards were fabricated using 2‐mm‐thick sheet as the first layer and 3‐mm‐thick sheet as the second layer. Players used the mouthguards for 2 years. Before and after using the mouthguards, the thicknesses of nine areas were measured. In addition, the lengths of five areas were used to analyze shape deformation.ResultsAfter 2 years, the thicknesses of all measured areas had significantly reduced, and the lengths had significantly increased. Thickness reduction of the posterior‐occlusal and anterior‐incisal areas and deformation of the posterior‐buccal and posterior‐palatal areas were significantly larger than those in other measured areas.ConclusionsMouthguards should be changed on a regular basis to minimize thickness reduction and deformation. Occlusal and incisal thickness and length of the buccal‐posterior area and the palatal‐posterior area are factors to be considered in establishing guidelines regarding the timing of mouthguard change.
Pairing status moderates both the production of and responses to anti‐parasitic referential alarm calls in male yellow warblers
Authors: Lawson Shelby L. , Enos Janice K. , Mendes Niko C. , Gill Sharon A. , Hauber Mark E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDefending offspring incurs temporal and energetic costs and can be dangerous for the parents. Accordingly, the intensity of this costly behavior should reflect the perceived risk to the reproductive output. When facing costly brood parasitism by brown‐headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater), where cowbirds lay eggs in heterospecific nests and cause the hosts to care for their young, yellow warblers (Setophaga petechia) use referential “seet” calls to warn their mates of the parasitic danger. Yellow warblers of both sexes produce this call only in response to cowbirds or seet‐calling conspecifics. Seet calls are mainly produced during the laying and incubation stages of breeding, when risk of brood parasitism is highest, rather than during the nestling stage. On the other hand, general alarm calls (chips) are produced throughout the nesting cycle and are also used in conspecific interactions unrelated to nesting. We hypothesized that context shapes responses prior to breeding as well, such that yellow warblers without a mate and active nest would be less likely to respond to playbacks that simulate brood parasitism risk. To test this hypothesis, we presented playbacks of two nest threats, cowbirds (brood parasite) and blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata; nest predator), on territories of unmated male warblers (unpaired) and male warblers with a known mate (paired). We found that unpaired males were unresponsive toward playbacks indicating nest threats, whereas paired males were significantly more aggressive and vocal toward these playbacks compared to control playbacks. However, both paired and unpaired males were vocally responsive toward chip calls, which are informative for males regardless of pairing status. Male yellow warblers appear to adjust their responses during the earliest stages of breeding depending on the contextual relevance of specific threat stimuli, and together with prior studies, our work further supports that referential seet calls are associated with stage‐specific risk of brood parasitism.
Spatiotemporal evolution of production cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European countries: An analysis based on the input–output technique
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Song Zhouying , Ji Qidi , Xiong Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite frequent political interactions, economic cooperation between China and Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries has progressed quite slowly, raising the question of why the economic cooperation of China and CEE countries stagnates and how to promote sustainable bilateral cooperation. This study explored the spatiotemporal evolution of China–CEE production cooperation and the value‐added structure of bilateral exports by the long time‐sequenced multi‐region input–output table and methods of input–output technique. The results show that although the production cooperation intensity of China and CEE countries has been increasing in both directions, neither side currently comprises the main foreign production cooperation direction of each other, and the intensity of production cooperation remains low. From the perspective of value‐added structure, foreign value‐added accounts comprise the greatest proportion of exports from CEE countries to China, while a large part of China’s intermediate exports go to other European countries after being imported by CEE countries, which indicates that CEE countries have played an important role of the bridge between China and Europe. States are undoubtedly important in the promotion of global value chain connections. Governments should correctly identify their own advantageous industries in global value chains and focus on extending the industrial chain to formulate cooperation plans. Strengthening the value chain link with Western European countries through production cooperation and improving the capacity of value capture are important directions for China–CEE cooperation.
Ultrasound evaluation of joint damage and disease activity in adult patients with severe haemophilia A using the HEAD‐US system
Authors: Jiménez‐Yuste Víctor , de la Corte‐Rodríguez Hortensia , Álvarez‐Román María Teresa , Martín‐Salces Mónica , Querol Felipe , Bonanad Santiago , Mingot‐Castellano María Eva , Fernández‐Mosteirín Nuria , Canaro Mariana , Santamaría Amparo , Núñez Ramiro , García‐Frade Luis Javier , Martinoli Carlo , Kim Hae Kyung 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe Haemophilia Early Arthropathy Detection with Ultrasound (HEAD‐US) system and scoring scale has proven to be an accurate and time‐efficient imaging method for identifying joint damage in patients with haemophilia.AimObservational, multicentre, cross‐sectional study conducted in 8 centres in Spain that assessed the joint status of adult patients with severe haemophilia A (SHA) using HEAD‐US.MethodsJoint status of the elbow, knee and ankle was evaluated in adults with SHA receiving on‐demand (OD) treatment, or primary (PP), secondary (SP), tertiary (TP) or intermittent (IP) prophylaxis.ResultsOf the 95 patients enrolled, 87 received prophylaxis (6.3% PP, 38.9% SP, 43.2% TP and 3.2% IP). Mean age was 35.2 years, and 59% of patients had not undergone image testing in the last year. The HEAD‐US score was 0 in all joints in 6.3% of patients. The ankle was the most affected joint, regardless of treatment regimen. Patients receiving OD treatment, TP or IP had the overall worst scores, mainly in the ankles and elbows; a similar but milder profile was observed in patients on SP; and patients on PP had the best score in all joints.ConclusionJoint function may be effectively preserved in patients with SHA on PP, but OD treatment or later initiation of prophylaxis does not seem to prevent progression of arthropathy. Disease worsening was observed in patients OD, TP or IP, most often affecting ankles and elbows. Closer ultrasound imaging monitoring may improve management of these patients.