bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coding efficiency in nominal inflection: expectedness and type frequency effects
Authors: Guzmán Naranjo Matías , Becker Laura 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Since (Zipf, George Kingsley. 1935. The psychobiology of language: An introduction to dynamic philology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; Zipf, George Kingsley. 1949. Human behavior and the principle of least effort. Journal of Consulting Psychology 13(3)), it has been known that more frequent lexical items tend to be shorter than less frequent ones, and this association between the length of an expression and its frequency has been applied to various grammatical patterns (syntactic, morphological, and phonological) and related to predictability or expectedness in the typological literature. However, the exact interactions of frequency and expectedness, their effect on shortening, and the mechanisms involved, are still not well understood. This paper proposes the Form-Expectedness Correspondence Hypothesis (fech), taking into account not only the frequency of expressions but their overall structure and distribution, and explores the fech in the domain of nominal inflection from a quantitative perspective.
Communicative efficiency and differential case marking: a reverse-engineering approach
Authors: Levshina Natalia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The use of differential case marking of A and P has been explained in terms of efficiency (economy) and markedness. The present study tests predictions based on these accounts, using conditional probabilities of a particular feature given the syntactic role (cue availability), and conditional probabilities of a particular syntactic role given the feature in question (cue reliability). Cue availability serves as a measure of markedness, whereas cue reliability is central for the efficiency account. Similar to reverse engineering, we determine which of the probabilistic measures could have been responsible for the recurrent cross-linguistic patterns described in the literature. The probabilities are estimated from spontaneous informal dialogues in English and Russian (Indo-European), Lao (Tai-Kadai), N||ng (Tuu) and Ruuli (Bantu). The analyses, which involve a series of mixed-effects Poisson models, clearly demonstrate that cue reliability matches the observed cross-linguistic patterns better than cue availability. Thus, the results support the efficiency account of differential marking.
On intersection volumes of confidence hyper-ellipsoids and two geometric Monte Carlo methods
Authors: Rabiei Nima , Saleeby Elias G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The intersection or the overlap region of two n-dimensional ellipsoids plays an important role in statistical decision making in a number of applications. For instance, the intersection volume of two n-dimensional ellipsoids has been employed to define dissimilarity measures in time series clustering (see [M. Bakoben, T. Bellotti and N. M. Adams,
Improving clustering performance by incorporating uncertainty,
Pattern Recognit. Lett. 77 2016, 28–34]). Formulas for the intersection volumes of two n-dimensional ellipsoids are not known. In this article, we first derive exact formulas to determine the intersection volume of two hyper-ellipsoids satisfying a certain condition. Then we adapt and extend two geometric type Monte Carlo methods that in principle allow us
to compute the intersection volume of any two generalized convex
hyper-ellipsoids. Using the exact formulas, we evaluate the performance of
the two Monte Carlo methods. Our numerical experiments show that
sufficiently accurate estimates can be obtained for a reasonably wide range
of n, and that the sample-mean method is more efficient. Finally, we develop an elementary fast Monte Carlo method to determine,
with high probability, if two n-ellipsoids are separated or overlap.
Novel Botanical Therapeutic NB-02 Effectively Treats Alzheimer’s Neuropathophysiology in an APP/PS1 Mouse Model
Authors: Lee Yee Fun , Lariviere Lavender , Russ Alyssa N. , Choi Sang-Zin , Bacskai Brian J. , Kastanenka Ksenia V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disorder and a major cause of dementia. Some of the hallmarks of AD include presence of amyloid plaques in brain parenchyma, calcium dysregulation within individual neurons, and neuroinflammation. A promising therapeutic would reverse or stymie these pathophysiologies in an animal model of AD. We tested the effect of NB-02, previously known as DA-9803, a novel multimodal therapeutic, on amyloid deposition, neuronal calcium regulation and neuroinflammation in 8- to 10-month-old APP/PS1 mice, an animal model of AD.In vivomultiphoton microscopy revealed that two-month-long administration of NB-02 halted amyloid plaque deposition and cleared amyloid in the cortex. Postmortem analysis verified NB-02-dependent decrease in plaque deposition in the cortex as well as hippocampus. Furthermore, drug treatment reversed neuronal calcium elevations, thus restoring neuronal function. Finally, NB-02 restored spine density and transformed the morphology of astrocytes as well as microglia to a more phagocytic state, affecting neuroinflammation. NB-02 was effective at reversing AD neuropathophysiology in an animal model. Therefore, in addition to serving as a promising preventative agent, NB-02 holds potential as a treatment for AD in the clinic.
Recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism: a diagnostic and management dilemma
Authors: Wilkinson Ben , Wan Muhamad Hatta Sharifah Faradila , Garnham Andrew , Buch Harit N 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Primary hyperparathyroidism requires a surgical approach to achieve a long-term cure. However, post-surgical recurrence significantly complicates the management of this condition. A number of causes for recurrent disease are well understood and several diagnostic modalities exist to localise the culprit parathyroid adenoma although none of them is efficacious in localisation of the recurrent lesion. In this case report, we highlight a novel causative mechanism and describe a unique diagnostic sequence that enabled curative treatment to be delivered.

Learning points

In the case described herein, we describe a novel location for a parathyroid adenoma causing recurrent PHPT. The case elucidates well the difficulties presented by such cases in terms of surgical planning and show the utility of PVS in such cases. Based on this case, we make the following recommendations:

Meticulous care must be taken to prevent seeding of adenomatous tissue during primary excision.

To consider the use of PVS in patients with discordant imaging in the setting of recurrent/persistent PHPT as a method to localise the causative adenoma.

Same day PVS and surgery is a viable option for patients who either represent an anaesthetic risk or who are extremely anxious about the prospect of two separate procedures.

Disordered calcium homeostasis is an important but forgotten cause of dysphagia which can be extremely debilitating for affected patients.
A novel SOX10 nonsense mutation in a patient with Kallmann syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome
Authors: Wakabayashi Tetsuji , Takei Akihito , Okada Nobukazu , Shinohara Miki , Takahashi Manabu , Nagashima Shuichi , Okada Kenta , Ebihara Ken , Ishibashi Shun 
Published: April 2021

Summary
The underlying genetic drivers of Kallmann syndrome, a rare genetic disorder characterized by anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due to impairment in the development of olfactory axons and in the migration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GNRH)-producing neurons during embryonic development, remain largely unknown. SOX10, a key transcription factor involved in the development of neural crest cells and established as one of the causative genes of Waardenburg syndrome, has been shown to be a causative gene of Kallmann syndrome. A 17-year-old male patient, who was diagnosed with Waardenburg syndrome on the basis of a hearing impairment and hypopigmented iris at childhood, was referred to our department because of anosmia and delayed puberty. As clinical examination revealed an aplastic olfactory bulb and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, we diagnosed him as having Kallmann syndrome. Incidentally, we elucidated that he also presented with subclinical hypothyroidism without evidence of autoimmune thyroiditis. Direct sequence analysis detected a nonsense SOX10 mutation (c.373C>T, p.Glu125X) in this patient. Since this nonsense mutation has never been published as a germline variant, the SOX10 substitution is a novel mutation that results in Kallmann syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome. This case substantiates the significance of SOX10 as a genetic cause of Kallmann syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome, which possibly share a common pathway in the development of neural crest cells.

Learning points

Kallmann syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome possibly share a common pathway during neural crest cell development.

SOX10, a key transcription factor involved in the development of neural crest cells, is a common causative gene of Kallmann syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome.

Careful evaluation about various phenotypic features may reveal the unknown genetic drivers of Kallmann syndrome.
Premature ovarian failure after childhood cancer and risk of metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Netterlid Axel , Mörse Helena , Giwercman Aleksander , Henic Emir , Åkesson Kristina E , Erfurth Eva-Marie , Elfving Maria 
Published: April 2021

Objective
Female childhood cancer survivors (CCS) are at risk of several late effects, such as metabolic syndrome (MetS) and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The objective is to study if POI is associated with risk of MetS and increased cardiovascular risk in CSS.

Design
A cross-sectional study with a median time since the cancer diagnosis of 25 (12–41) years. Patients and controls were recruited from the South Medical Region of Sweden.

Methods
The study included 167 female CCS, median age 34 (19–57) years, diagnosed with childhood cancer at median age 8.4 (0.1–17.9) years together with 164 controls, matched for age, sex, ethnicity, residence, and smoking habits. All subjects were examined with fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, and lipid profile. Fat mass was calculated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and questionnaires for medication were obtained. Detailed information of cancer treatment was available.

Results
POI was present in 13% (22/167) among CCS (hypothalamic/pituitary cause excluded) and in none among controls. MetS was present in 14% (24/167) among all CCS (P  = 0.001), in 23% (5/22) of those with POI (P  < 0.001), compared with 4% (6/164) among controls. OR for MetS in all CCS compared with controls was 4.4 (95% CI: 1.8, 11.1) (P  = 0.002) and among CCS with POI the OR was 7.7 (CI: 2.1, 28.1) (P  = 0.002).

Conclusion
The prevalence of MetS was higher in females treated for childhood cancer compared with controls, and the presence of POI significantly increased the risk of developing MetS.
CISOL: el dispositivo de cierre para sonda nasogástrica tipo Levin, en un estudio aleatorio controlado que evalúa su efectividad y seguridad
Authors: Narváez Eraso Carmen Ofelia , Viveros Villada Edison 
Published: April 2021

Background: The Levin-type nasogastric tube is indicated for gastric decompression, but due to its economic cost it is used to feed and administer medications in patients who cannot do it by themselves; its proximal end does not have a closure system. The study determined the effectiveness and safety of a device (Cisol), specially created for the proximal closure of the Levin-type nasogastric tube for adults compared to the conventional device (syringe).
Methods: Study of experimental design, randomized of preventive type applied outside the clinical context, through which the effectiveness and safety of both devices were estimated and compared taking into account as markers: their weight, size and shape.
Results: According to the evaluation of the participants, Cisol is considered effective and safe for the proposed purposes since its weight, size and shape would significantly favor patient comfort and handling compared to the syringe.
Conclusions: The new CISOL design is safe to use, and has the potential to reduce risks related to traction and overweight at the proximal end of the probe, as well as contributing to patient comfort. The effectiveness and safety of the CISOL device differs from the effectiveness and safety of the conventional device (syringe) used to close the Levin catheter.
Utilization Learning Management System (LMS) of Ruang Guru for Education Teachers in Banjarmasin
Authors: Putra Muhammad Adhitya Hidayat , Mutiani Mutiani , Jumriani Jumriani , Ramadhan Syahrul , Rahmatina Rahmatina 
Published: April 2021

Penerapan teknologi di bidang pendidikan yang saat ini masih terus di kembangkan adalah Learning Management System (LMS). Pandemi COVID-19 memaksa pendidik untuk menggunakan LMS guna menjalankan pembelajaran lebih optimal. Artikel ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pemanfaatan LMS untuk kegiatan pembelajaran menggunakan ruang kelas dari fitur Ruang Guru. Metode yang digunakan adalah ceramah dimodifikasi dengan pertemuan virtual di google meet. Hasil kegiatan, mendeskripsikan permasalahan pembelajaran daring, teridentifikasi menjadi 5 permasalahan, yaitu: 1) Ketidaklancaran jaringan internet jadi kendala utama dalam kegiatan pembelajaran jarak jauh, 2) Keterbatasan biaya untuk pembelian gadget (handphone maupun device lain) untuk mendukung pembelajaran jarak jauh, 3) Keterbatasan biaya untuk akses internet bagi peserta didik, 4) Keterbatasan waktu bagi orang tua untuk mendampingi peserta didik saat pembelajaran, dan 5) Keterbatasan keterampilan pemanfaatan teknologi bagi pendidik untuk menunjang keberhasilan pembelajaran jarak jauh. LMS berbasis cloud atau sistem komputasi memungkinkan peserta pelatihan mengakses materi belajar tanpa batas. Device yang bisa dimanfaatkan, seperti: laptop, PC, tablet, atau bahkan smartphone. Selama terhubung dengan koneksi internet, maka seluruh peserta bisa mengakses materi belajar tanpa batasan kapan saja dibutuhkan. Tanpa harus mengesampingkan tanggung jawab serta target-target lain yang perlu dicapai. Ruang Guru menyediakan fitur baru bernama Ruang Kelas guna mendukung sistem Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ) selama masa pandemi Covid-19 agar proses belajar mengajar bisa berjalan lancar. Fitur Ruang Kelas adalah layanan learning management system yang dimanfaatkan sebagai sarana kelas virtual guru dan peserta didik.
Mapping the Challenges in Distance Learning for Students with Disabilities during Covid-19 Pandemic: Survey of Special Education Teachers
Authors: Supratiwi Mahardika , Yusuf Munawir , Anggarani Fadjri Kirana 
Published: April 2021

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>The rapid spread of the Covid-19 virus has had an impact on various aspects of life, such as the economy, education, and socialisation. One of the social distancing policies in the field of education is the application of distance learning at the preschool, primary school, secondary school, special school, and college education levels. Its implementation has led to challenges for teachers, students, and parents, especially students with disabilities (SWD). The purpose of this study is to identify the challenges faced by the special education teachers (SETs) who have been providing distance learning for children with special needs during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was conducted using a survey method by distributing questionnaires via Google Forms to 226 SETs in Indonesia. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics. The results show that most of the SETs (66%) stated that they had faced barriers to distance learning that came from parents, students, and other teachers, as well as technical barriers. Accordin</span><span>g to the SETs’ perceptions, some of the barriers </span><span>that came from parents included lack of coordination and communication, limited use of mobile phones, and limited time for parents to accompany the students. The barriers coming from students were boredom and their lack of abilities. Furthermore, the barriers from the SETs themselves included difficulties in adapting material to online learning, difficulties in monitoring and evaluating student progress, and the lack of direction and coordination from schools. Other technical barriers were the frequent blackouts and insufficient internet signal. </span></p></div></div></div><p class="Abstract"> </p>
Good Morning, Orthopods: The Growth and Future Implications of Podcasts in Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Jella Tarun K. , Cwalina Thomas B. , Acuña Alexander J. , Samuel Linsen T. , Kamath Atul F. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
As the landscape of medical education evolves with emerging technologies and the COVID-19 pandemic, e-learning platforms continue to gain popularity. Orthopaedic podcasts, a burgeoning e-learning platform, continue to gain traction; however, there is a paucity of information regarding their coverage of topics and their distribution over time. Therefore, our analysis sought to (1) characterize podcast content related to orthopaedic surgery, and (2) evaluate the changes in the prevalence of orthopaedic podcasts over the past 15 years.

Methods:
Three common podcasting platforms (Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, and Spotify) were queried using the key terms “orthopaedic,” “orthopedic,” and “ortho” in order to identify a list of podcasts that are related to orthopaedic surgery. For each unique orthopaedic podcast, the title, the show description, the number of episodes, the date of the first episode, the date of the most recent episode, and episode frequency were collected. Podcasts were then classified based on a predetermined list of podcast domains. The number of existing active (released within the last 3 months) orthopaedic podcasts was then trended on a monthly basis from 2011 to 2020.

Results:
Ninety-four unique podcasts met inclusion criteria, 62 of which remained active as of October 25, 2020. The most common podcast domains were “general” (38 [40.4%]) and “clinical knowledge” (20 [21.3%]). Among the assessed podcasts, 90 (95.7%) utilized an exclusively audio format. The majority of podcasts were based in the United States (89.4%), included introductory music (72.3%), and included interviews (63.8%). Most podcast hosts were practicing orthopaedic surgeons (52.1%). Between January 2016 and October 2020, the number of active orthopaedic surgery podcasts grew more than twelvefold (1,240%) at an average rate of roughly 1 new podcast each month (average, 1.0 podcast; standard deviation, 1.8).

Discussion:
The past decade has seen sizable growth in the number of readily available podcasts related to orthopaedic surgery. Additional research is required to independently assess the quality of these resources and their implications for remote trainee education.
EFL students’ perception on the use of Grammarly and teacher feedback
Authors: Fahmi Mohammad Amiqul , Cahyono Bambang Yudi 
Published: April 2021

Many studies on the Automated writing evaluation (AWE) Program predominantly focused on the outcomes of the students writing and the comparison between AWE programs. However, studies investigating the students' perception on combining an AWE program and teacher feedback are still insufficient. This study examined the students' perception on the use of Grammarly and teacher feedback on their writing. It also sought to know whether the students' English proficiency level influences their perception. The participants included 26 undergraduate students of the Faculty of Law who were taking an English for Specific Purpose (ESP) Writing course when the data were collected. The data were the students' responses to the questionnaire and their TOEFL scores. The result of the analysis showed that the students perceived the use of Grammarly and teacher feedback positively. Furthermore, the students' perception on the use of Grammarly and teacher feedback was not influenced by their English proficiency level. Students of high and low English proficiency levels gave positive responses to the use of Grammarly and teacher feedback. HIGHLIGHTS: Combining two kinds of feedback (AWE program and the teacher) providers will produce the feedback that is truly helpful for both the teacher and the students. The role of teacher feedback cannot be neglected as it can complement the demerits of the AWE program. English teachers should consider the appropriate approach when using Grammarly for students with certain English proficiency level because students from different English proficiency levels need a different approach.
Power Generation at Room Temperature
Authors: Kohata Haruki , Obinata Mitsugu , Ikeda Takumi , Sekiya Hayato , Mei Biao , Wang Ye , Mizukoshi Kazushi , Isobe Toshihiro , Nakajima Akira , Matsushita Sachiko 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The effective utilisation of thermal energy is crucial to a world aiming at sustainable development goals. The sensitised thermal cell (STC) is a new thermal energy conversion technology, which was reported in 2017, for generating electricity via the redox reactions of electrolyte ions with thermally excited carriers in semiconductors. STC is attracting attention as a technology that could affect oil prices globally. Here, we report the successful construction of STC, which discharges and recovers well at room temperature, by studying the interelectrode and ion diffusion distances. The fabricated STC is thinner than 0.5 mm and can be rendered flexible. Further, STCs, which possess a power generation capacity of 0.1 mA, 100 mV per 1 mm2 area, and shall be installed “in” internet-of-things (IoT) devices, drainage pipes, and walls in the future.
Pilot Test of a Spanish Version of a Previously Validated HPV Survey that Evaluates Dental Students’ Knowledge, Perception and Clinical Practices in Latin America
Authors: Pinzon Lilliam , Velazquez Alan , Rutkoski Holdunn , Tay Djin , Martel Laura , Drury Carmen , Ayres Shauna , Dixon Barbara , Winkler James , Kepka Deanna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The global incidence of oropharyngeal cancer is increasing. Dental professionals play a key role in the detection of oral and OPC lesions that could lead to cancer. However, scientific-based HPV-OPC visual inspection guidelines are not fully defined. With sufficient knowledge and adequate training on how to educate patients about HPV vaccination, dental providers have the potential to lead HPV-OPC prevention. HPV knowledge and awareness has been reported to be low among dental student, oral health student, and oral health professional populations. Few if any of these studies have assessed the construct validity of instruments used to assess HPV knowledge and awareness among dental and oral health students and professionals. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of a Latin American Spanish translation of a multi-scale survey evaluating knowledge, perceptions, and clinical practices regarding HPV and HPV-OPC originally developed for English-speaking populations. Internal consistencies were measured using Cronbach Alpha. Analyses were conducted in SAS Version 9.4. Results: Data from a total of 122 students, a majority of the which were female (58%), aged 18 to 29 years old (93%), and Hispanic/Latino(a)/Spanish (87%). The HPV, HPV-OPC, and HPV vaccine knowledge subscales demonstrated good internal consistency, the Cronbach’s alpha was 0.83, 0.77, and 0.85 respectively. The Barriers subscale had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.92, showing a high internal consistency. The Clinical Procedures subscale focused on factors surrounding dental students’ hypothetical clinical practice procedures and had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.80. The Scope of Practice scale had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.73. Conclusions: Ultimately, this survey demonstrated reliability and applicability for the assessment of dental students’ knowledge, perceptions, and clinical practices regarding HPV and HPV-OPC in Latin America.