bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Ethyl Lauroyl Arginine Hydrochloride (ELAH) in Nasal Spray Formula on SAR-Cov-2
Authors: Thacore Harshad R. , Gaffar Abdul , Yun Seiyoung , Chenine Agnes L. , Ferrari Maria G. , Pal Ranajit , Wattay Lauren , Peterson Marnie L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 and coronaviruses, enveloped RNA viruses, are major causes of acute human respiratory diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the broad-spectrum antiviral effects of ethyl lauroyl arginine hydrochloride (ELAH) in in vitro and in vivo assays. Cell-based assays found that the pseudovirus VSV-SARS-CoV-2 was inhibited with an EC50 of 15 micrograms/ml, with complete inhibition achieved at 110 micrograms/ml. The effects were comparable to those observed with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody neutralization assays against VSV-SARS-CoV-2. Intranasal administration of the Wuhan strain of SARS-CoV-2 treated in vitro with ELAH inhibited the disease symptoms caused by the virus in a Syrian hamster model compared to that caused by the same dose of virus treated in vitro with medium alone. Subgenomic RNA and total RNA viral load were concomitantly reduced in the treated animals compared with the control group. In cell-based studies, pretreatment of susceptible cells with 1-10 micrograms/ml ELAH inhibited the attachment of the virus to the cells, as measured by cytopathic and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) effects, suggesting that the primary mode of ELAH action was due to preventing the attachment of the virus to the cells. Collectively, the data suggest that ELAH could be a promising agent for the prevention of SARS infection through nasopharyngeal surfaces.
The Creation of Sono-Fenton System via Trace Fe2+ Addition in Sono-Degradation Dimethoate: Mechanism and Optimization
Authors: yao juan juan , Liu Shiyi , Fang Yanjuan , Gao Naiyun , Jiang Wenchao , Zhang Zhi , Chen Xiangyu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The mechanism and optimization of a simple sono-Fenton system established by utilizing sono-generated H2O2 via trace Fe2 + addition were investigated with dimethoate as a target treated pollutant. The results of the Box-Behnken design (BBD) response surface methodology showed that Fe2+ dosage, ultrasonic intensity, and initial pH value had significant effects on the pseudo-first-order kinetic rate constant of dimethoate degradation (response variable). The response variable was fitted well by a quadratic polynomial equation. Accordingly, the optimum degradation efficiency (95.3% within 10 minutes) was obtained under the condition of Fe2+ dosage = 200µM, ultrasonic intensity = 0.69 W/cm2 and the initial pH = 3, which was 38.1% higher than that in single sonication. Of note, the optimal Fe2+/H2O2 ratio calculated in this sono-Fenton was 25 times higher than that in the conventional Fenton reaction, which indicated that the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle was significantly accelerated might due to the •H produced in the pyrolysis of H2O and the enhanced mass transfer in sonication. The hydrophilic toxic degradation by-products for dimethoate can be better controlled due to the enhancement of degradation in bulk solution. Considered the acidic condition formed after 5 minutes of sonication, the cost of pH adjustment was reduced by 10% compared with the conventional Fenton system.
Does Tomato Breeding for Improved Performance Under LED Supplemental Lighting Make Sense?
Authors: Prinzenberg Aina E. , Schoot Hanneke van der , Deth Olivier van , Ouzounis Theoharis , Gabriëls Suzan , Meijer-Dekens Fien , Marcelis Leo F.M. , Visser Richard G. F. , Heuvelink Ep , Schouten Henk J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Differences in growth have been reported for tomato under LED compared to HPS light, however, it is not clear if breeding specific for LED supplemental light is worthwhile. Therefore, we derived four recombinant inbred line (RIL) tomato populations from parents with contrasting growth responses to different light spectra. These RIL populations were grown for four weeks under supplemental HPS or 95% red and 5% blue LED light in the greenhouse. For one population we also studied fruit production. Plant height and size of the side shoots of the young plants were strongly reduced under LED supplemental lighting compared to HPS in all populations. The adult plants showed shorter internode lengths, less trusses, less fruits, and lower yield of ripe fruits per plant under LED. However, when the unripe fruits at the last harvest day were included, the difference in yield between HPS and LED disappeared, indicating that the plants under LED light were compacter and slower in development, but in the end produced similar yield. We found numerous QTL, but hardly any of these QTL appeared to be significantly LED-specific. Also, we found very significant genetic effects of maternally inherited plastids and mitochondria, showing the importance of using a parental genotype as mother or as father. However, these effects were very similar between the two light conditions. We conclude that our study does not justify tomato breeding programs that are specifically targeted at 95% red and 5% blue LED supplemental lighting.
Can Cerebral Regional Oxygen Saturation (rSO2) be used as an Indicator of the Quality of Chest Compressions in Patients with Cardiopulmonary Arrest? A Study Evaluating The Association between rSO2 and Mean Arterial Pressure: The PRESS Study
Authors: Kishihara Yuki , Yasuda Hideto , Kashiura Masahiro , Harada Naoshige , Moriya Takashi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Sudden cardiac arrest causes numerous deaths worldwide. High-quality chest compressions are important for good neurological recovery. Arterial pressure is considered useful to monitor the quality of chest compressions by the American Heart Association. However, arterial pressure catheter might be inconvenient during resuscitation. Conversely, cerebral regional oxygen saturation (rSO2) during resuscitation may be associated with a good neurological prognosis. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the correlation between mean arterial pressure and rSO2 during resuscitation to use rSO2 as the indicator of the quality of chest compressions.Methods: This study was a single-centre, prospective, observational study. Patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who were transported to a tertiary care emergency centre between October 2014 and March 2015 in Japan were included. The primary outcome was the regression coefficient between MAP and rSO2. MAP and rSO2 were measured during resuscitation (at hospital arrival [0 min], 3 min, 6 min, 9 min, 12 min, 15 min), and MAP was measured by an arterial catheter inserted into the femoral artery. For analysis, we used the higher value of rSO2 obtained from the left and right forehead of the patient and measured using a near-infrared spectrometer. Regression coefficients were calculated using the generalized estimating equation (GEE) with MAP and SAP as response variables and rSO2 as an explanatory variable, because MAP and rSO2 were repeatedly measured in the same patient. Since the confounding factors between MAP or SAP and rSO2 were not clear clinically or from previous studies, the GEE was analysed using univariate analysis.Results: Thirty-seven patients were analysed. rSO2 and MAP during resuscitation from hospital arrival to 15 min later were expressed as follows (median [interquartile range]): rSO2, 29.5 (24.3–38.8) %, and MAP, 36.5 (26–46) mmHg. The regression coefficient (95% confidence interval) of log-rSO2 and log-MAP was 0.42 (0.03–0.81) (p=0.035).Conclusion: rSO2 and MAP showed a mild but statistically significant association. rSO2 could be used to assess the quality of chest compressions during resuscitation as a non-invasive and simple method.Trial registration: This study was registered in the University hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000015479).
Axon Initial Segment Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model Disturbs the Action Potential Initiation and Propagation
Authors: Chen Zhiya , Peng Luxin , Zhao Mengdi , Tao Louis , Zou Peng , Zhang Yan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Axonal pathology has been widely reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). As a highly structured region in the axon, axon initial segment (AIS) plays a vital role in action potential (AP) dynamics, including initiation and propagation, closely linked to neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release kinetics. Previously, we showed that proteins localized in the AIS were remarkably changed in neurons from APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice carrying familial AD mutations. However, whether the AIS defects in APP/PS1 mouse neurons affect AP dynamics is unknown. Using genetically-encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs)-based voltage imaging, we studied AP initiation and propagation in the APP/PS1 neurons. We found that APP/PS1 neurons were more sensitive to intensive stimulations. Our data suggested that AP velocities significantly decreased in neurons from APP/PS1 mice than the wild-type mice. The velocity of forward-propagating action potentials was lower when the AIS was located more distally from the soma or when the AIS had a shorter length. The velocity of back-propagating action potentials was not correlated with the location nor with the length of the AIS. These experimental results were reproduced in neuronal simulations using multi-compartment modeling, suggesting a correlation between AIS length/location change and AP propagation velocity due to the distribution of sodium channels. Taken together, Our findings provide a deep insight into the abnormality of neuronal function in AD.
Asymmetric Macroeconomic Determinants of Energy Intensity In China: New Empirical Insights
Authors: Lan Hai , Cheng Chengping , Jafri Muhammad Afaq Haider , Sohail Sidra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Previously, several studies have tried to analyze the various determinants of energy intensity for different countries and regions. However, none of the studies have focused on the asymmetric determinants of energy intensity in the context of China. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to investigate the asymmetric determinants of energy intensity in China. We have gathered data for China over the period 1985-2019 and applied linear and nonlinear ARDL models. Both energy prices and technological shocks help to reduce the energy intensity in the long run in the nonlinear models. However, in the linear model, only energy prices reduce the energy intensity in the long-run. On the other side, energy prices reduce the energy intensity in the short run, while the technological shocks increase the energy intensity. Moreover, the long-run effects of both energy prices and technology are asymmetric on the energy intensity, while asymmetric effects were only observed for technological shocks in the short run. Clearly, the results are asymmetric in nature; hence, the policymakers should consider both positive and negative shocks in energy prices and technology while making any policy with regards to lowering energy intensity.
Mechanical and Thermal Performances of Eco-Friendly Mortar Containing Recycled PET As Partial Sand Replacement
Authors: Akkouri Nacer , Bourzik Oumaima , Baba Khadija , Tayeh Bassam 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Plastic has become one of the most widely manufactured materials in the world and an indispensable part of everyday life. However, a large amount of plastic waste needs to be recycled to protect the environment. One way of recycling is to use such waste as a raw material substitute. This paper evaluates the thermal and mechanical performance of eco-friendly mortars containing 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles as partial replacements for sand. Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the thermal properties (i.e. thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and heat capacity), compressive strength, density, workability and ultrasonic pulse velocity of these mortars. Results show that replacing sand with recycled PET in cement-based mortars reduces their thermal conductivity, thereby highlighting the potential use of these mortars as energy-efficient and environmentally friendly construction materials.
Unique Associations of Different Addictions with the Big-5 Personality Dimensions
Authors: Gomez Rapson , Tullett-Prado Deon , Brown Taylor , Stavropoulos Vasileios 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Addiction is an increasingly prevalent issue and one with dark consequences for both physical and mental health. As the number of addictions increases with new technological innovations and changing social environments make certain addictions more dangerous, it is important to investigate ways to influence the development and growth of such addictions. Personality has been shown to interact with addiction in a bidirectional fashion, however while there is a wealth of data connecting personality and addiction, these studies are vitally limited in a number of ways this study aims to rectify. Methods: This study examined the unique associations of ten different types of addictions (alcohol, smoking, drug, sex, social media, shopping, exercise, gambling, internet gaming, and internet use addictions) with the Big-5 personality dimensions of extraversion (E), emotional stability (ES), agreeableness (A), conscientiousness (C), and openness to experience (O), controlling for gender and age effects. Participants (N = 968; males = 64.3%) were adults from the general Australian community, with age ranging from 18 to 64 years (mean = 29.54 years; SD = 9.36 years). Results: The findings, based on multiple regression analyses, showed that the different types of addictions were associated with different groups of the personality dimensions. Most of the addictions were however associated with low E, A and C, and many were additionally associated with low A. The theoretical, clinical and research implications of the findings are discussed. Conclusions: In summary, the findings of the study showed that different addictions can be grouped together into general patterns of association different groups of the personality dimensions. There are several of these such patterns showing that different personality profiles are associated with different kinds of addictions.
Preparation of Amidoximated Acrylonitrile-G-Waste Polypropylene Adsorbent By Radiation Grafting Method And Its Application On The Adsorption of Cr (VI) From Aqueous Medium
Authors: Sardar Md. Nabul , Rahman Nazia , Sultana Shahnaz , Dafader Nirmal Chandra 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this study, a new amidoximated adsorbent based on waste polypropylene (PP) fabric was prepared for the adsorption of aqueous Cr (VI) metal ions. Pre-irradiation technique was employed for grafting of acrylonitrile (AN) on PP fabric. The grafting reaction was carried out at 80oC in a water bath for 4 hours utilizing sulfuric acid (2% of AN) as additive and the percentage of grafting obtained was 150% using 60% AN concentration and 30 kGy radiation dose. The amidoximated adsorbent was produced by treating acrylonitrile (AN) grafted PP (AN-g-PP) with NH2OH.HCl and characterized by FTIR, SEM, TGA and DMA. The removal of Cr (VI) was examined under several conditions such as contact time, pH, temperature, initial Cr (VI) concentration. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The maximum adsorption capacity of the adsorbent was found to be 232.56 mg/g calculated from Langmuir equation. Kinetic studies have exhibited that the highest removal was achieved after 40 hours that was 126.82 mg/g at pH 1.5 and Cr (VI) concentration 120 ppm. The kinetic data follow the pseudo-first order model having a good agreement between the experimental and calculated adsorption capacity. The thermodynamic data showed that the sorption process was endothermic and spontaneous taking place by increasing the randomness of the system. Furthermore, study of desorption of Cr (VI) from the adsorbent surface and reuse of the adsorbent indicate that the adsorbent can be applied effectively for the efficient removal of Cr (VI) ions from aqueous solution.
Transcriptome sequencing and global analysis of blue light-responsive genes provide clues for high carotenoid yields in Blakeslea trispora
Authors: Ge Xin , Li Ruiqing , Zhang Xiaomeng , Zhao Jingyi , Zhang Yanan , Xin Qi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Blakeslea trispora has great potential uses in industrial production because of the excellent capability of producing a large quantity of carotenoids. However, the mechanism of light induced carotenoid biosynthesis even the structural and regulatory genes in pathways remain unclear. In this paper, we reported the first transcriptome study in B. trispora in which we have carried out global survey of expression changes of genes participated in blue light response. We verified that the yield of β-carotene reaching to 3-fold when transferred from darkness to blue light for 24 h and the enhancement of transcription levels of carRA and carB presented a positive correlation with the increase in carotenoid production. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 1124 genes were upregulated and 740 genes were downregulated respectively after blue light exposure. Annotation through GO, KEGG, Swissprot and COG databases showed 11119 unigenes compared well with known gene sequences, 5514 unigenes were classified into Gene Ontology, and 4675 unigenes were involved in distinct pathways. Among the blue light responsive genes, 4 genes (carG1, carG3, carRA and carB) identified to function in carotenoid metabolic pathways were dominantly upregulated. We also discovered that 142 TF genes belonging to 45 different superfamilies showed significant differential expression (p≤ 0.05), 62 of which were obviously repressed by blue light. The detailed profile of transcription data will not only allow us to conduct further functional genomics study in B. trispora, but also enhance our understanding of potential metabolic pathway and regulatory network involved in light regulated carotenoid synthesis.
Perinatal Outcomes After Liver Transplantation – Is There A Role For Aspirin Treatment?
Authors: Zeevi Gil , Braun Marius , Nesher Eviatar , Wiznitzer Arnon , Hadar Eran , Hochberg Alyssa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To describe perinatal outcomes in liver transplanted women and evaluate the effect of low-dose aspirin treatment in these women.Methods: An observational retrospective study examining perinatal outcomes among 10 liver transplant recipients, between 2016-2020 at a single university-affiliated tertiary medical center in Israel. Demographic, obstetric and clinical data were obtained from electronic health records. Low-dose aspirin use in these women during pregnancy began in 2018 and was evaluated with regards to its effect on the risk of developing preeclampsia and hypertensive disease. Results: Overall, 13 deliveries in 10 pregnant liver transplant recipients were identified. Primary liver disease was Wilson's in 7 pregnancies (53%), acute liver failure in 3 (23%), and a single woman with each of the following: Viral hepatitis A, Hyperoxaluria type 1 and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Median age was 23 years at transplant and 30 at conception. All recipients received tacrolimus, steroids were administered to 9 (69%), and low-dose aspirin (100mg daily) administered in 5 (38%) pregnancies. Regarding maternal outcomes, 2 women (16%) developed preeclampsia, 1 (8%) developed gestational hypertension, and 3 (24%) had postpartum infection. Of women receiving low-dose aspirin, none developed hypertensive disease or suffered excessive bleeding. Median gestational age at delivery was 37 weeks (31–39 weeks), with 6 preterm births (31-36) and a median birthweight of 3072g (1450–4100g). ﻿Conclusions: Liver-transplanted pregnant women comprise a unique and complex patient population. Based on our single-center experience and due to its potential benefit, low-dose aspirin may by a possible preventive measure for preeclampsia. Further prospective, large studies are needed to delineate specific complications in this patient population and to evaluate treatment options, in order to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Glomus Chinense and Dominikia Gansuensis, Two New Glomeraceae Species of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi From High Altitude in The Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Yu Fengxia , Goto Bruno Tomio , Magurno Franco , Błaszkowski Janusz , Wang Jian , Ma Wenxia , Feng Huyuan , Liu Yongjun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Two glomoid spore-producing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were grown in single-species cultures established from soil-borne spores collected from high altitude (2,800 m a.s.l.) of Tibet Plateau, China. Phylogenetic analyses were performed with sequences of nuclear rDNA (spanning the partial small subunit, whole internal transcribed spacer, and partial large subunit segment = 18S-ITS-28S) and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1) gene. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the two fungi are undescribed species of the genera Glomus and Dominikia. The first fungus, described here as G. chinense sp. nov., formed spores singly and in loose clusters. The spores are orange-yellow to dark brown, globose, (47–)64(–93) µm diam. Dominikia gansuensis sp. nov. produced glomerocarps with pale yellow to yellow-brown, globose, (20–)47(–86) µm diam spores. Spore wall of both species consists of three layers. Both species differ clearly in morphology and phylogeny from their closest phylogenetic relatives, which are G. atlanticum and G. ibericum, and D. glomerocarpica, respectively.
Directed Energy Accelerated Lightsails
Authors: Santi Giovanni , Favaro Giulio , Corso Alain Jody , Lubin Philip , Bazzan Marco , Ragazzoni Roberto , Garoli Denis , Pelizzo Maria Guglielmina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A lightsail accelerated via directed energy is a candidate technology to send a probe into the deep space in a time period compatible with human life. The light emitted by a ground-based large-aperture phased laser array is directed onto the lightsail to produce a thrust by transferring the momentum of the incident photons. To achieve high efficiency propulsion, the lightsail must be characterized by extremely low mass, high reflectance and minimal absorption in the Doppler-shifted laser wavelength range, while high emissivity in the infrared is required for thermal management. Optimized multilayer structures allow ultralight spacecraft being accelerated by laser radiation pressure up to 20% of the light velocity, and eventually even above, as long as a compromise between efficiency and weight is achieved. Key aspect is the ability to survive to the temperature increase during the acceleration phase, which can be fateful for the system.