bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Bcl-2 silencing with an Antisense Oligonucleotide: Increase early Apoptosis
Authors: Janaghard Mohsen Sedaghat , Erfani-Moghadam Vahid , Moghadam Ali Akbar Saffar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Breast cancer is a heterogenic disease and hormone dependence. Estrogen receptor is positive in more than seventy percent of breast cancer patients. Tamoxifen is an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist and used as the first line of treatment. Drug resistance is a main reason in failure of cancer treatment and progression of the disease. Combination drug therapy is a method to treatment but is not sufficient. New approaches like molecular therapy reveal new insight to cancer therapy. Studies shown, Bcl-2 gene family inhibitors and ER blockers enhance recovery. Interfering molecules such as antisense can inhibit the expression of Bcl-2 and push the cancer cells to apoptosis. Nevertheless, their effectiveness is low, mostly due to their direct use.
Methods

Our team designed an Antisense Oligonucleotides (ASO). The MCF-7 and the MDA-MB-231breast cancer cell lines used to evaluate cellular proliferation. Liposome and cationic nano-complex (Niosome) used to increase cellular delivery of ASO and Tamoxifen. We also investigated the cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of Tamoxifen, naked ASO and Nano-packed ASO.
Results

The ASO functional potency to assess apoptosis and expression of Bcl-2 mRNA compared in different groups. The results indicated, significant down regulation of Bcl-2 gene and inhibition of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cellular proliferation. Flow-cytometry showed early apoptosis in all groups.
Conclusions

The ASO reduced the expression of Bcl-2 gene. It also had the synergistic effect with the Tamoxifen. In all studied groups, it was able to push cancer cells to apoptosis. The cationic nano-complex (Niosome) was more efficient than the liposome in delivering designed oligo antisense Bcl-2 into the cancer cells.
Construction of English Classroom Situational Teaching Mode Based on Digital Twin Technology
Authors: Gu Shan , Da Zhenjing 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In order to improve the effect of English classroom teaching, this paper combines the digital twin technology to construct the English classroom situational teaching mode. The system uses advanced virtual reality technology and computer image technology, and combines with video and audio synchronization processing technology to provide a new set of methods for students' language learning. The graphics rendering server of the scene interactive teaching system renders and generates 3D virtual scenes or real images in real time. Moreover, this paper constructs the functional modules of the situational teaching system according to the English classroom teaching situation, and conducts an in-depth analysis of the system implementation methods, expresses the system core algorithm flow in the form of diagrams and tables, and obtains the overall system framework. Finally, this paper evaluates the effect of the English classroom situational teaching model proposed in this paper through experimental research. From the experimental results, it can be seen that the teaching model proposed in this paper is very effective.
The Effect of the Change in Lymph Flow Following Gastrectomy for Initial Disease on the Prognosis of Remnant Gastric Cancer
Authors: Kakiuchi Yoshihiko , Kikuchi Satoru , Kuroda Shinji , Nishizaki Masahiko , Kagawa Shunsuke , Fujiwara Toshiyoshi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Remnant gastric cancer (RGC) has been increasing for various reasons such as longer life span, medical progress, and others. It generally has a poor prognosis, and its mechanism of occurrence is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features of and clarify the prognostic factors of RGC.Methods: Between January 2002 and January 2017, 39 patients with RGC following distal gastrectomy underwent curative surgical resection at the Okayama University Hospital; their medical records and immunohistochemically stained extracted specimens were used for retrospective analysis. Results: On univariate analysis, initial gastric disease, pathological lymph node metastasis, and pathological stage were the significant factors associated with a poor overall survival (OS) (p=0.0139, 0.0061, and 0.0158, respectively). Multivariate analysis of these 3 factors showed that only initial gastric disease caused by malignant disease was an independent factor associated with a poor prognosis (p=0.0141, odds ratio [OR]:4.151, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.333-12.93). In addition, the presence of a left gastric artery (LGA), and tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cell expression were higher in the benign disease group than in the malignant group (p<0.0001 and p=0.0485, respectively).Conclusion: The lymph flow change caused by lymph node dissection for malignant disease in initial surgery might have an effect on the suppression of tumor immunity and the poor prognosis of RGC.
Systematic evidence and gap map of research linking food security and nutrition to mental health
Authors: Sparling Thalia , Deeney Megan , Cheng Bryan , Han Xuerui , Lier Chiara , Lin Zhouzhi , Offner Claudia , Santoso Marianne , Pfeiffer Erin , Emerson Jillian , Amadi Florence , Mitu Khadija , Corvalan Camila , Verdeli Helen , Araya Ricardo , Kadiyala Suneetha 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Connections between food security and nutrition (FSN) and mental health have been analytically investigated, but conclusions are difficult to draw given the breadth of literature. Furthermore, there is little guidance for continued research. We searched three databases for analytical studies linking FSN to mental health. Out of 30,896 records, we characterized and mapped 1945 studies onto an interactive Evidence and Gap Map (EGM). Anthropometry (especially BMI) and diets were most linked to mental health (predominantly depression). There were fewer studies on infant and young child feeding, birth outcomes and nutrient biomarkers related to anxiety, stress and mental wellbeing. Two-thirds of studies hypothesized FSN measures as the ‘exposure’ influencing mental health outcomes. Studies were overwhelmingly observational, followed by systematic reviews. One-third of studies were from low- and middle-income countries. This map visualizes the extent and nature of analytical studies relating FSN to mental health, guides further research, and solidifies strategic planning.
Micronucleus Production, Activation of DNA Damage Response and cGAS-STING Signaling in Syncytia Induced by SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Ren He , Ma Chaobing , Peng Haoran , Zhang Bo , Zhou Lulin , Su Yan , Gao Xiaoyan , Huang Hongyan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection could cause severe acute respiratory syndrome, largely attributed to dysregulated immune activation and extensive lung tissue damage. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we reported that viral infection could induce syncytia formation within cells expressing ACE2 and the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, leading to the production of micronuclei with an average rate of about 4 per syncytium (> 93%). Remarkably, these micronuclei were manifested with a high level of activation of both DNA damage response and cGAS -STING signaling, as indicated by micronucleus translocation of gH2Ax and cGAS, and upregulation of their respective downstream target genes. Since activation of these signaling pathways were known to be associated with cellular catastrophe and aberrant immune activation, these findings help explain the pathological effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection at cellular and molecular levels, and provide novel potential targets for COVID-19 therapy.
Multifunctional Gratings for Multiband Spatial Filtering, Retroreflection, Splitting and Demultiplexing Based on C2 Symmetric Photonic Crystals
Authors: Serebryannikov Andriy E. , Skigin Diana C. , Vandenbosch Guy A. E. , Ozbay Ekmel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The concept of multifunctional reflection-mode gratings based on rod-type photonic crystals with C2 symmetry is introduced and examined. The specific modal properties lead to the vanishing dependence of the first-negative-order maximum on the angle of incidence within a wide range, and the nearly sinusoidal redistribution of the incident-wave energy between zero order (specular reflection) and first negative diffraction order (deflection) at frequency variation that are the key features enabling various functionalities in one structure and functionality merging. The elementary functionalities offered by the studied structures, of which multifunctional scenarios can be designed, include but are not restricted to multiband spatial filtering, multiband splitting, and demultiplexing. The proposed structures are shown to be capable in multifunctional operation in case of an obliquely incident polychromatic wave. The generalized demultiplexing is demonstrated for the case when several polychromatic wavesare incident at different angles. The same deflection properties yield multiband splitting, and merging demultiplexing and splitting functionalties in one functionality, which may contribute to various multifunctional scenarios. The proposed gratings arealso studied in transmissive configuration.
Mobile Remote Photoplethysmography: A Real-Time Realization Perspective
Authors: Lee Hooseok , Ko Hoon , Chung Heewon , Nam Yunyoung , Hong Sangjin , Lee Jinseok 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) sensors have attracted a significant amount of attention as they enable the remote monitoring of instantaneous heart rates (HRs) and thus do not require any additional devices to be worn on fingers or wrists. In this study, we mounted rPPG sensors on a robot for active and autonomous instantaneous HR (R-AAIH) estimation. Subsequently, we proposed the algorithm providing accurate instantaneous HRs, which can be performed in real time with vision and robot manipulation algorithms. By simplifying the extraction of facial skin images using saturation (S) values in the HSV color space, and selecting pixels based on the most frequent S value on the face image, we achieved reliable HR assessment. The results of the proposed algorithm using the R-AAIH were evaluated by rigorous comparison with the results of existing algorithms on the UBFC-RPPG dataset (n = 42). Our algorithm exhibited an average absolute error (AAE) of 0.71 beats per minute (bpm). The developed algorithm is simple and the processing time is less than 1 s (275 ms for an 8-s window). The algorithm was further validated on our own dataset (BAMI-RPPG dataset [n = 14]) with an AAE of 0.82 bpm.
Value of the Clinical Pharmacist Interventions in the Application of the American College of Cardiology (ACC/AHA) 2018 Guideline for Cholesterol Management
Authors: AlAhmad Mohammad M. , AlAhmad Khozama , Zain Sham , AlAhmad Iqbal , Sadek Aya , AbuRuz Salah 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The study aims to examine the extent of implementing the ACC/AHA cholesterol guideline and its updates in practice as well as the role of clinical pharmacists in making such guidelines effective. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 272 adult patients who visited the hospital internal medicine clinic in the UAE and were candidates for statin therapy based on the 2018 ACC/AHA guidelines for cholesterol management. Clinical pharmacist interventions were determined. The chi-square test was used to compare compliance with the guidelines before and after clinical pharmacist interventions. Compliance with the recommendations for cholesterol management was significantly improved from 60.3% to 92.6% (X2=79.1, p=0.0001) after clinical pharmacist interventions. Among patients who were on statin therapy, the percentage of those who were on proper statin intensity increased significantly from 47.6% to 94.4% (X2=72.5, p=0.0001). The combination of statins with nonstatin therapies such as ezetimibe and PCSK9 inhibitors increased from 8.5% to 30.6% (X2=95, p<0.0001) and from 0.0% to 1.6% (X2=6, p=0.014), respectively. The use of other lipid-lowering agents was diminished from 14.6% to 3.2% (X2=19.2, p<0.0001). Collaboration between physicians and clinical pharmacists is a crucial strategy to achieve better health outcomes among patients suffering from dyslipidemia.
An Objective Metric of Individual Health And Aging For Population Surveys
Authors: Li Qing , Legault Véronique , Girard Vincent-Daniel , Ferrucci Luigi , Fried Linda P. , Cohen Alan A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Generalized, biomarker-based metrics of health status have numerous applications in fields ranging from sociology and economics to clinical research. We recently proposed a novel metric of health status based on physiological dysregulation measured as a Mahalanobis distance (DM) among clinical biomarkers. While DM was not particularly sensitive to the choice of biomarkers, it required calibration when used in different populations, making it difficult to compare findings across studies. To facilitate its use, here we aimed to identify and validate a standard version of DM that would be highly stable across populations, while using fewer biomarkers drawn exclusively from common blood panels. Methods: Using three datasets, we identified nine-biomarker (DM9) and seventeen-biomarker (DM17) versions of DM, choosing biomarkers based on their consistent levels across populations. We validated them in a fourth dataset. We assessed DM stability within and across populations by looking at correlations of DM versions calibrated using different populations or their demographic subsets. We used regression models to compare these standard DM versions to allostatic load and self-assessed health in their association with diverse health outcomes. Results: DM9 and DM17 were highly stable across population subsets (mean r = 0.96 and 0.95, respectively) and across populations (mean r = 0.94 for both). Performance predicting health outcomes was competitive with allostatic load and self-assessed health, though performance of these markers were somewhat variable for different health outcomes. Conclusions: Both DM9 and DM17 are highly stable within and across populations, supporting their use as objective metrics of health status. DM17 performs slightly better than DM9 and at least as well as other comparable metrics, but requires more biomarkers. The metrics we propose here are easy to measure with data that are available in a wide array of panel, cohort, and clinical studies.
Impact of Smoking On Surgical Outcomes For Patients Undergoing Cervical Surgery: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zheng Li-ming , Zhang Zhi-wen , Li Yang , Wen Feng , Wang Wei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: To determine whether smoking has adverse effects on outcomes following cervical surgery.Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science through 13 July 2021 for cohort and case-control studies that investigated the effect of smoking on outcomes after cervical surgery. Two researchers independently screened the studies and extracted data according to the selection criteria.Results: The meta-analysis included 43 studies, including 27 case-control studies and 16 cohort studies, with 10020 patients. Pooled estimates showed that smoking was associated with higher rates of overall complications (odds ratio [OR]=2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63-2.44, p<0.00001), respiratory complications (OR=3.14, 95% CI: 1.94-5.08, p<0.00001), reoperation (OR=2.22, 95% CI: 1.41-3.49, p=0.005), dysphagia (OR=1.49, 95% CI: 1.07-2.07, p=0.02), wound infection (OR=3.19, 95% CI: 1.64-6.21, p=0.0006), axial neck pain (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.25-3.10, p=0.003), and a lower rate of fusion (OR=0.63, 95% CI: 0.49-0.81, p=0.0003). There were no significant differences between smoking and non-smoking groups in terms of operation time (mean difference [MD]=0.08, 95% CI: - 5.54 to 5.71, p=0.98), estimated blood loss (MD=-5.31, 95% CI: -148.83 to 139.22, p=0.94), length of hospital stay (MD=1.01, 95% CI: -2.17 to 4.20, p=0.53), Visual Analog Scale-neck pain (MD=-0.19, 95% CI: -1.19 to 0.81, p=0.71), Visual Analog Scale-arm pain (MD=-0.50, 95% CI: -1.53 to 0.53, p=0.34), Neck Disability Index (MD=11.46, 95% CI: -3.83 to 26.76, p=0.14), and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores (MD=-1.75, 95% CI: -5.27 to 1.78, p=0.33).Conclusions: Smokers appear to be more likely than non-smokers to suffer higher rates of overall complications, respiratory complications, reoperation, longer hospital stay, dysphagia, wound infection, axial neck pain, and a lower fusion rate following cervical surgery. It is essential to provide timely smoking cessation advice and explanation to patients before selective cervical surgery.
Gait Characteristics Based on Pain Detect Questionnaire and Pain Catastrophizing Scale in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Harato Kengo , Iwama Yu , Kaneda Kazuya , Kobayashi Shu , Niki Yasuo , Nagura Takeo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

Although patient-reported evaluation of knee osteoarthritis has been more common, little attention has been paid to the relationship between patient-reported questionnaire and gait analysis. The purpose was to investigate the relationship between patient-reported questionnaire and gait parameters.
Methods

A total of 31 knees in 31 patients (22 females and 9 males) who were diagnosed as end-stage medial compartmental knee osteoarthritis participated in the present study. All the patients were evaluated based on New Knee Society Score, pain detect questionnaire and pain catastrophizing scale. They were divided into two categories based on pain detect questionnaire scores: Group Low (12 ≥ score) and Group High (score > 12). Gait analysis was performed using three-dimensional motion analysis system. Statistical analysis was done using one-tailed Mann-Whitney U-test to compare age, body mass index, Knee Society Score, pain catastrophizing scale, and gait parameters between groups.
Results

Twenty-six patients were allocated to Group Low, and five patients were to Group High. Subjective pain during walking was significantly worse in Group Low (P = 0.037) and helplessness in pain catastrophizing scale was notably worse in Group High (P = 0.035). Peak vertical ground reaction force (P = 0.018) and knee adduction moment (P < 0.01) were significantly greater in Group Low. Moreover, flexion-extension excursion during mid-stance phase was significantly smaller in Group Low (P = 0.038).
Conclusions

Patients with likely neuropathic pain had atypical osteoarthritis-related pain as well as atypical gait pattern, compared to patients without neuropathic pain.
Investigation on Clocking Effect of Diffuser in a Multi-Stage Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Ming-Gao Tan , Xue-Lei Sun , Xian-Fang Wu , Hou-Lin Liu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The clocking effect is an important phenomenon in the multi-stage Rotating machinery. In order to master the rules and mechanism of diffuser clocking effect on the performance of multi-stage centrifugal pump, the orthogonal tests were applied to design the test scheme. The energy performance and outlet pressure pulsation of a multi-stage centrifugal pump with different diffuser clocking positions were synchronously measured. It was found that the diffuser clocking position had little influence on the energy performance, but had an obvious effect on the outlet pressure pulsation. When the diffuser clocking positions were 0°, 30°, 30° and 30° (CL4), the effective value of outlet pressure pulsation and its amplitude at the main frequency (Impeller Rotation Frequency) were decreased the most, approximately 27.2 % and 38.5 % ,respectively. The CFD method was used to simulate the unsteady flow in the pump with the optimal diffuser clocking position (CL4) and without diffuser clocking position (CL1) respectively to reveal the mechanism of diffuser clocking effect. The simulation results showed that the change of diffuser clocking position can improve the inlet and outlet velocity distribution and reduce the area of high turbulent kinetic energy and the number of cores in the outlet flow passage, which is beneficial to the operation stability of the pump. Compared with the CL1, the hydraulic loss in the four diffusers was reduced by 2.43 %, 12.15 %, 11.43 % and 13.19 % respectively under the optimal diffuser clocking scheme (CL4), and the total reduction of hydraulic loss is about 1.11 % of the pump head.
The Determinants of Innovation Performance; An Income Based Cross-Country Comparative Analysis Using Global Innovation Index(GII)
Authors: Bate Adisu Fanta , Wachira Esther Wanjiru , Sándor Danka 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose: - Despite the dearth of research on innovation performance, the key determinants of innovation performance are still blurred. Besides, comparative research on the determinants of innovation performance among countries at different income levels: high-income, upper-middle-income, lower-middle-income, and low-income, is not common. This study is, therefore, aimed to bridge this research gap by considering the innovation performance of 63 countries. Methodology: - Participating countries were purposefully selected from the Global Innovation Index (GII) dataset. Multistage analyses were conducted: first, a linear regression was run to identify the most decisive pillars; then, stepwise regression was applied to identify the best predicting model of innovation performance; thirdly, to examine the variation in innovation performance and figure out key determinants in each country groups, the ANOVA analysis was done.Results: - Human capital and research, infrastructure, and business sophistication are the key pillars determining innovation performance in general. The best predicting variables are innovation linkage & knowledge absorption (both pertaining to business sophistication), R&D and infrastructure (inculcating both physical and digital). The human capital that promotes R&D activities is the biggest bottleneck hampering promotion of innovation in the countries and firms at lower-middle income category, whereas innovation linkage in a high-income category and both human capital that promotes R&D activities and innovation linkage in an upper-middle income category. Hence, countries and firms in these income categories should give priorities accordingly to these decisive bottlenecks hindering the innovation performance.Implication: - The result implies that country's economic growth can be defined by the level of innovation performance and the challenges of innovation vary as per the countries’ development stage. Accordingly, bottleneck factors need to be identified & addressed properly in a policy direction first at firm level and then at country level.Originality/Value: - The study claims to have extended the horizon of understanding on determinants of innovation across countries and revealed the most crucial factors in each category of countries. Further empirical comparative research can be done by stratifying firms as SMEs and Large firms in each category of countries.