bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability and validity of physical fitness tests in people with mental disorders: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: de Oliveira Tavares Vagner Deuel , Vancampfort Davy , Hallgren Mats , Heissel Andreas , Chaparro Camilo German Alberto Pérez , Solmi Marco , Tempest Gavin D. , de Oliveira Neto Leônidas , Galvão‐Coelho Nicole Leite , Firth Joseph , Schuch Felipe Barreto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral tests are available to assess the different components of physical fitness, including cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and flexibility. However, the reliability and validity of physical fitness tests in people with mental disorders has not been meta‐analyzed.AimsTo examine the reliability, concurrent, and convergent validity of physical fitness tests in people with mental disorders.MethodsStudies evaluating the reliability, concurrent, and convergent validity of physical fitness tests in people with mental disorders were searched from major databases until January 20, 2020. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed pooling (1) reliability: test–retest correlations at two‐time points, (2) convergent validity between submaximal tests and maximal protocols, or (3) concurrent validity between two submaximal tests. Associations are presented usingrvalues and 95% confidence intervals. Methodological quality was assessed using the Quality Appraisal of Reliability Studies and the Critical Appraisal Tool.ResultsA total of 11 studies (N = 504; 34% females) were included. Reliability of the fitness tests, producedrvalues ranging from moderate (balance test‐EUROFIT; [r = 0.75 (0.60–0.85);p = 0.0001]) to very strong (explosive leg power EUROFIT; [r = 0.96 (0.93–0.97);p = 0.0001]). Convergent validity between the 6‐min walk test (6MWT) and submaximal cardiorespiratory tests was moderate (0.57 [0.26–0.77];p = 0.0001). Concurrent validity between the 2‐min walk test and 6MWT (r = 0.86 [0.39–0.97];p = 0.0004) was strong.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates that physical fitness tests are reliable and valid in people with mental disorders.
Dissipation kinetics and processing behavior of boscalid and pyraclostrobin in greenhouse dill plant (Anethum graveolens L.) and soil
Authors: Jankowska Magdalena , Kaczyński Piotr , Łozowicka Bożena 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDDetermining the environmental behavior and fate of chemical compounds during technological processing of plants is a task of great significance nowadays. However, the current knowledge is still incomplete for unique herbal matrices belonging to minor crops. The research in this article presents, for the first time, the dissipation kinetics and processing behavior of carboxamide boscalid (BOS) and stobilurin pyraclostrobin (PYR) fungicides during glasshouse dill (Anethum graveolens L.) cultivation.RESULTSThe half‐lives (t1/2) of BOS and PYR after application at the recommended and double dosage were in the range: 1.62–2.01 days in plant and 2.08–4.85 days in soil, respectively. The processing behavior in dill was estimated after washing, hot air drying and drying in sunlight without/with pretreatment. Processing factors (PFs) were above 1 after drying (PF = 1.24–1.39 hot air; PF = 1.15–1.28 sunlight) and below this value when the washing step was applied (PF = 0.31–0.42 hot air; PF = 0.21–0.34 sunlight), indicating the highest effectiveness of reduction, up to 73% BOS and 79% PYR.CONCLUSIONBOS/PYR residues at pre‐harvest intervals after both doses were below European Union (EU) maximum residue limits (MRLs). The highest effectiveness was noted for drying carried out with the washing step, which has a great influence on the concentration of residues in the final product. The findings can supplement PF databases not set for minor crops and can be used to establish MRLs and determine human exposures more accurately in risk assessment studies. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Radar reflectivity data assimilation method based on background‐dependent hydrometeor retrieval: Comparison with direct assimilation for real cases
Authors: Chen Haiqin , Gao Jidong , Wang Yunheng , Chen Yaodeng , Sun Tao , Carlin Jacob , Zheng Yu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAssimilating radar reflectivity into NWP models is one of the keys to improve the accuracy of convective‐scale numerical weather prediction (NWP). There are generally two major branches of research in radar reflectivity assimilation: directly assimilating radar reflectivity, and indirectly assimilating reflectivity, i.e. assimilating hydrometeors retrieved from radar reflectivity. In this study, the indirect assimilation method based on background‐dependent hydrometeor retrievals is compared with the direct assimilation method using frequent data assimilation cycles for five real data cases. The retrieved hydrometeors in the indirect assimilation method are first verified against the hydrometeor types obtained from a polarimetric hydrometeor classification method. It is illustrated that the background‐dependent hydrometeor retrieval method can obtain reasonable model‐equivalent hydrometeors from radar reflectivity. The analysis increments for hydrometeors with both radar data assimilation methods show similar patterns but their magnitudes are different. Both quantitative and qualitative evaluations of forecasted composite reflectivities and accumulated precipitation indicate that the indirect assimilation method predicts the location and intensity of the simulated convection more accurately than the direct method. Furthermore, the indirect assimilation method is more efficient, which is valuable in real‐time applications by helping deliver forecasts quickly and thus helping forecasters make more timely warning decisions.
Atomic charge distribution functions as a tool to analyze electronic structure of molecular and cluster systems
Authors: Gun'ko Vladimir M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA set of the characteristics calculated using any quantum chemical method can be attributed to local electronic structure, which may change for each atom in complex systems. Related average values can give poor characteristics because different atom fractions with different surroundings may have different electronic characteristics poorly corresponding to the average values. The aim of this work is to show that the distribution functions of atomic charges, as well as chemical shifts and molecular orbital energies, can be considered as a set of simple tools for easy analysis of complex systems within the scope of nonlocal characteristics describing whole systems. The approach efficiency and analysis adequacy depend on appropriateness of molecular and cluster models used. The systems with dozens or hundreds of molecules and solid nanoparticles of almost real sizes (>40 units, >2 nm) or calculated with periodic boundary conditions and expanded cells give more adequate nonlocal characteristics than much smaller systems with several molecules and small clusters (<10 units, <1 nm) can give.
Dwell‐time‐dependent conditions for exponential stability and hybrid L2 × l2‐gain of linear neutral time‐delay systems with impulsive effects
Authors: Chen Jialin , Chen Wu‐Hua , Lu Xiaomei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article considers the problems of achieving exponential stability and finite hybrid L2 × l2‐gain with respect to continuous and discrete disturbances for linear neutral time‐delay systems with impulsive effects. In the framework of descriptor system representation, a piecewise timer‐dependent Lyapunov functional is introduced to analyze the double impacts of state‐delay and impulse‐dwell‐time on stability of the underlying system. This functional depends on the state over an impulse interval and the state over a delay interval. Its construction is based on a delay‐fractioning scheme which ensures all delay subintervals contains at most one impulse instant. The relations among the augmented state variables are explored by using the impulse‐timer functions and the Newton–Leibniz formula. It is proved that the positive definiteness property of the functional at nonimpulse instants is not necessary for ensuring stability. The hybrid L2 × l2‐gain analysis is carried out by jointly using the introduced functional and a discrete‐time Lyapunov function. The obtain criteria for exponential stability and hybrid L2 × l2‐gain are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Their effectiveness is verified through two numerical examples.
Distributed adaptive cubature information filtering for bounded noise system in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Zhang Jiahao , Gao Shesheng , Xia Juan , Li Guo , Qi Xiaomin , Gao Bingbing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article is concerned with the nonlinear state estimation for the multisenor networked system with uncertain bounded noise. Traditional distributed methods only pay attention to the information fusion of state estimations, but neglect the fusion of noise statistics. The difference of noise statistics among sensor nodes usually affects the precision of state estimation in wireless sensor networks, especially for the distributed state estimation. In this article, in order to improve the accuracy of noise statistic estimations, a distributed noise statistic estimator is derived based on covariance intersection criterion and modified Sage–Husa maximum posterior. Then, distributed adaptive cubature information filtering (DACIF) is founded based on weighted average consensus to obtain accurate state estimation. Two‐step information fusion, including the information fusion of state estimations and noise statistics, is derived to enhance the precision of state estimations. Meanwhile, a novel weighted rule is devised based on the state and measurement innovation vectors to improve the accuracy of distribution information fusion. Next, the estimation errors of DACIF are proved to be bounded in mean square. Simulations and semisimulation experiments are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Preclinical Assessment of Dual CYP26[A1/B1] Inhibitor, DX308, as an Improved Treatment for Keratinization Disorders
Authors: Veit J.G.S. , Poumay Y. , Mendes D. , Kreitinger J. , Walker L. , Paquet A. , Menigot C. , Zolezzi F. , Paller A.S. , Diaz P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Retinoid-based therapies are commonly used in the treatment of disorders of keratinization and other skin disorders but can result in non-specific effects and adverse reactions. Use of retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents (RAMBAs) such as DX308 may address these shortcomings.

Objectives
Characterize the therapeutic potential of recently discovered, CYP26-selective RAMBA, DX308.

Materials and Methods
Preliminary in vitro assessment of potential off-target activity, metabolic and toxicologic profiling. Studies to assess safety and efficacy of topical treatment in correcting abnormal skin morphology in rhino mice. Extensive gene expression profiling by RNA sequencing and qPCR in 3D epidermis grown with keratinocytes (KCs) from keratinization disorders and healthy controls, to investigate modulation of retinoid biopathways.

Results
In vitro, DX308 does not interact with off-target nuclear receptors or CYP450s, is not genotoxic, and is stable in skin, despite vigorous hepatic metabolism. In vivo, topical DX308 induces comedolysis and epidermal thickening without apparent adverse effects. Gene expression profiling shows potent modulation of retinoid-responsive genes by DX308 in both healthy and keratinization disorder KCs. Pathway analysis suggests DX308 may inhibit inflammatory and immune responses in KCs.

Conclusions
These preliminary studies suggest that DX308 is an efficacious topical therapeutic with a favourable metabolic and safety profiles. DX308 may present an improved therapeutic alternative for the treatment of keratinization disorders and other retinoid-responsive skin ailments.
Prevalence and changes in depressive symptoms among postgraduate students: A systematic review and meta‐analysis from 1980 to 2020
Authors: Guo Liping , Fan Huiyong , Xu Zheng , Li Jieyun , Chen Taolin , Zhang Ziyao , Yang Kehu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEducation actively helps us develop our well‐being and health, but postgraduate students are at high risk of depression. The prevalence of depression symptoms varies from 6.2% to 84.7% among them, and its changes throughout the years remains unclear. The present study aimed to estimate the real prevalence of depression symptoms among postgraduate students and the changes from 1980 to 2020. Thirty‐seven primary studies with 41 independent reports were included in the meta‐analysis (none reports were in high‐quality, three were medium‐to‐high quality, 20 were low‐to‐medium quality, and 18 were low‐quality), involving 27,717 postgraduate students. The pooled prevalence of overall, mild, moderate, and severe depression symptoms was 34% (95% CI: 28–40, I2 = 98.6%), 27% (95% CI: 22–32, I2 = 85.8%), 13% (95% CI: 8–21, I2 = 97.3%), and 8% (95% CI: 6–11, I2 = 81.0%), respectively. Overall, the prevalence of depression symptoms remained relatively constant through the years following 1980 (overall: β = −0.12, 95% CI: [−0.39, 0.15], p = 0.39; mild: β = 0.24, 95% CI: [−0.02, 0.51], p = 0.07; moderate: β = −0.24, 95% CI: [−0.75, 0.26], p = 0.34; severe: β = 0.13, 95% CI: [−0.25, 0.51], p = 0.50). Doctoral students experienced more depressive symptoms than did master's students (43% vs. 27%; Q = 2.23, df = 1, p = 0.13), and studies utilising non‐random sampling methods reported a higher prevalence of mild depression and lower moderate depression symptoms than those that used random sampling (overall: 34% vs. 29%; Q = 0.45, df = 1, p = 0.50; mild: 29% vs. 21%; Q = 1.69, df = 1, p = 0.19; moderate: 16% vs. 25%; Q = 1.79, df = 1, p = 0.18; severe: 8% vs. 9%; Q = 0.13, df = 1, p = 0.72) despite these differences was not statistically significant. The prevalence of depression symptoms was moderated by the measurements and the quality of primary studies. More than one‐third of postgraduates reported depression symptoms, which indicates the susceptibility to mental health risk among postgraduates. School administrators, teachers, and students should take joint actions to prevent mental disorders of postgraduates from increasing in severity.
The Functional Chameleon of Materials Chemistry—Combining Carbon Structures into All‐Carbon Hybrid Nanomaterials with Intrinsic Porosity to Overcome the “Functionality‐Conductivity‐Dilemma” in Electrochemical Energy Storage and Electrocatalysis
Authors: Ilic Ivan K. , Oschatz Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNanoporous carbon materials can cover a remarkably wide range of physicochemical properties. They are widely applied in electrochemical energy storage and electrocatalysis. As a matter of fact, all these applications combine a chemical process at the electrode–electrolyte interface with the transport (and possibly the transfer) of electrons. This leads to multiple requirements which can hardly be fulfilled by one and the same material. This “functionality‐conductivity‐dilemma” can be minimized when multiple carbon‐based compounds are combined into porous all‐carbon hybrid nanomaterials. This article is giving a broad and general perspective on this approach from the viewpoint of materials chemists. The problem and existing solutions are first summarized. This is followed by an overview of the most important design principles for such porous materials, a chapter discussing recent examples from different fields where the formation of comparable structures has already been successfully applied, and an outlook over the future development of this field that is foreseen.
An Analysis of the Systemic Structure of the U.S. Constitution Providing New Insight into the Fragmentation and Conflict Facing U.S. Society and Providing Guidance Towards More Effective Governance
Authors: Wallis Steven E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo a great extent, the effectiveness of a government may be traced to its constituting documents which serve as a guide or map for how it is supposed to function. From a systems perspective, we may expect a more systemic Constitution to inform the operation of a government that is more systemic and so more effective. This paper uses Integrative Propositional Analysis (IPA) to conduct a preliminary evaluation of the systemic structure of the US Constitution. The analysis finds that the US Constitution has a vanishingly low level of structure. This previously unrecognized lack of structure provides a new explanation for why the nation is increasingly misgoverned (and/or more difficult to govern) and why divisions are deepening between partisan groups, leading to argument and conflict. A path forward is suggested to develop a more systemic Constitution and more effective governance; one supporting a more just, prosperous, and sustainable society.
A New Conversion Method to Evaluate the Hazard Potential of Collaborative Robots in Free Collisions
Authors: Herbster Sebastian , Behrens Roland , Elkmann Norbert 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWith the increasing importance of collaborative robots in industrial manufacturing, their economic efficiency is becoming more and more important. Today, one approach to prevent collaborative robots from injuring humans is to assure that the robot cannot exceed biomechanical limits in the event of an accidental collision or clamping. The ability of the robot to avoid collision forces beyond the limits must be validated with a biofidelic measurement device that mimics the biomechanical behavior of the human. For reliable use, the measurement devices must be attached to a rigid frame. Consequently, the test setup is solely able to simulate the contact dynamics and biomechanical consequences of a clamping contact in which the human body part cannot move. Free collisions that allow the human to move freely reduce the collision forces, but can only be evaluated with such a measurement device. This technical limitation leads to slower robots and thus a loss of productivity. The study presents a method that increases the efficiency of safe collaborative robots by adding a new validation procedure. The presented method incorporates a model-based conversion of measurements that enables safety experts to validate robots in free collisions. Data from experimental tests with a collaborative robot and a biofidelic measurement device show a good fit of the model-based prediction and thus confirm our approach. This new approach has great potential to increase the productivity of collaborative robots, since our method will allow them to move at faster but still safe speeds.
Islands in linear dilaton black holes
Authors: Karananas Georgios K. , Kehagias Alex , Taskas John 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe derive a novel four-dimensional black hole with planar horizon that asymptotes to the linear dilaton background. The usual growth of its entanglement entropy before Page’s time is established. After that, emergent islands modify to a large extent the entropy, which becomes finite and is saturated by its Bekenstein-Hawking value in accordance with the finiteness of the von Neumann entropy of eternal black holes. We demonstrate that viewed from the string frame, our solution is the two-dimensional Witten black hole with two additional free bosons. We generalize our findings by considering a general class of linear dilaton black hole solutions at a generic point along theσ-model renormalization group (RG) equations. For those, we observe that the entanglement entropy is “running” i.e. it is changing along the RG flow with respect to the two-dimensional worldsheet length scale. At any fixed moment before Page’s time the aforementioned entropy increases towards the infrared (IR) domain, whereas the presence of islands leads the running entropy to decrease towards the IR at later times. Finally, we present a four-dimensional charged black hole that asymptotes to the linear dilaton background as well. We compute the associated entanglement entropy for the extremal case and we find that an island is needed in order for it to follow the Page curve.
Effect of Periodic Arrays of Defects on Lattice Energy Minimizers
Authors: Bétermin Laurent 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe consider interaction energies $$E_f[L]$$

E
f

[
L
]

between a point $$O\in {\mathbb {R}}^d$$

O
∈

R

d

, $$d\ge 2$$

d
≥
2

, and a lattice L containing O, where the interaction potential f is assumed to be radially symmetric and decaying sufficiently fast at infinity. We investigate the conservation of optimality results for $$E_f$$

E
f

when integer sublattices kL are removed (periodic arrays of vacancies) or substituted (periodic arrays of substitutional defects). We consider separately the non-shifted ($$O\in k L$$

O
∈
k
L

) and shifted ($$O\not \in k L$$

O
∉
k
L

) cases and we derive several general conditions ensuring the (non-)optimality of a universal optimizer among lattices for the new energy including defects. Furthermore, in the case of inverse power laws and Lennard-Jones-type potentials, we give necessary and sufficient conditions on non-shifted periodic vacancies or substitutional defects for the conservation of minimality results at fixed density. Different examples of applications are presented, including optimality results for the Kagome lattice and energy comparisons of certain ionic-like structures.
Gender differences in wage expectations: the role of biased beliefs
Authors: Briel Stephanie , Osikominu Aderonke , Pfeifer Gregor , Reutter Mirjam , Satlukal Sascha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe analyze gender differences in expected starting salaries along the wage expectations distribution of prospective university students in Germany, using elicited beliefs about both own salaries and salaries for average other students in the same field. Unconditional and conditional quantile regressions show 5–15% lower wage expectations for females. At all percentiles considered, the gender gap is more pronounced in the distribution of expected own salary than in the distribution of wages expected for average other students. Decomposition results show that biased beliefs about the own earnings potential relative to others and about average salaries play a major role in explaining the gender gap in wage expectations for oneself.