bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Acute Myocardial Infarction Development in Personnel of Radiation Dangerous Plants. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety
Authors: Semenova Yu. , Karpov A. , Takhauova T. , Kalinkin D. , Takhauov A. , Efimova E , Maximov D 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To examine the predictors of acute myocardial infarction development and to evaluate the relationship of the radiation component (external γ-radiation) with the probability of developing acute myocardial infarction in workers of radiation-dangerous plants working age (under 60 for men, 55 for women), by the example of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises personnel.
Material and methods: The work is based on the results of a prospective population study (1998–2013). The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction was verified in 540 people of working age (34 women and 506 men). For each case selected control (n = 1,080) among the employees of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises, passed periodic medical examination in the study period. Every person was described by means of 46 variables including characteristics of social status, a number of risk factors, associated diseases, biochemical indices including the level of general cholesterol, the main clinical data, cumulative dose of external radiation and the amount of 239Pu content in an organism.
Results: It was determined that in the group of the personnel of working age the most important traditional predictors of acute myocardial infarction, less important factor in the pathogenesis of the disease are conditions of the individual accumulation of a dose, but not the magnitude of the total external doses in the evaluation range.
Conclusion: To improve the system of preventive measures aimed at reducing the level of morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction, it is recommended to form risk groups taking into account the most significant predictors of this disease (age, systolic blood pressure, smoking). For the personnel of radiation dangerous plants working age insignificant conditions for the formation of radiation dose (age of first exposure, the rate of accumulation of radiation dose, duration of exposure) under conditions of trouble-free operation of the equipment.
Active measures for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease and targeted correction of detected somatic disorders for the prevention of acute vascular catastrophes are expedient for workers of radiation hazardous industries from 40 to 60 years with an individual risk of acute myocardial infarction less than 50 % using the model described below.
Mental health and developmental disabilities in US children admitted in hospice care
Authors: Lindley Lisa C , Svynarenko Radion , Beebe Lora Humphrey 
Published: May 2021

Background: Of the 40 000 children who die annually in the US, thousands are admitted to hospice care. Little is known about the mental health and developmental disabilities of these children. Aims: To describe the mental health and developmental disabilities of children who are admitted to hospice care and compare this across age groups. Methods: The 2011 to 2013 US Medicaid files were used. The sample included 6195 children with a diagnosis of a mental health and/or developmental disability. Comparisons were calculated using the Pearson chi-square test. Results: Mental health conditions, including anxiety (31.0%), depression (33.1%), behavioural disorders (33.9%) and affective disorders (34.8%), were highest among children aged between 15 and 20 years. Developmental delays were common in children under a year, while intellectual disabilities were highest in the 15 to 20 years age group. Conclusions: Nurses have an important role in understanding the mental health and developmental disabilities of children admitted to hospice care.
Reduction of pitch error of the micro-prism array in brightness
enhancement film by compensating z-axis positioning accuracy
Authors: Liu Yutao , Li Duo , Ding Fei , Wu Yangong , Xue Jiadai , Qiao Zheng , Wang Bo 
Published: May 2021

Brightness enhancement film (BEF), as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film with the
micro-prism array on the surface, is an indispensable core optical
component for a back light unit (BLU) in liquid crystal display.
Roll-to-roll (RTR) imprinting approach is the most mature and reliable
technology to produce the BEF in the industry. Of course, the
machining accuracy of the micro-prism array on the roller mold will
directly determine the optical performance of BEF manufactured by RTR.
The objective of this paper is to reduce pitch error of the machined
micro-prism array on the roller mold based on geometric error
viewpoint. First, geometric error of the ultra-precision horizontal
drum roll lathe that has the main influence on the pitch accuracy of
the machined micro-prism array is identified through volumetric error
model and sensitivity analysis. Then, the compensation operation is
performed for the dominant geometric error component according to the
theoretical analysis results. Finally, a verification experiment after
compensation is conducted to fabricate the micro-prism array on the
roller mold using plunge cutting method. The measurement result shows
the micro-prism array with a less than 25 nm pitch error, while a
6.018 nm area roughness is obtained, which validates the effectiveness
of the geometric error analysis and compensation to reduce the pitch
error of the machined micro-prism array on the roller mold.
All acousto-optic modulator laser system for a 12 m fountain-type dual-species atom interferometer
Authors: He Chuan , Yan Sitong , Zhou Lin , Barthwal Sachin , Xu Rundong , Zhou Chao , Ji Yuhang , Wang Qi , Hou Zhuo , Wang Jin , Zhan Mingsheng 
Published: May 2021

We design and implement a laser system for

85

R
b

and

87

R
b

dual-species atom interferometers based on acousto-optic frequency shift and tapered amplifier laser technologies. We use eight-pass acousto-optic modulators to generate repumping lasers for

85

R
b

and

87

R
b

atoms. The maximum frequency shift of the laser is 2.8 GHz, and the diffraction efficiency is higher than 20%. We use high-frequency acousto-optic modulators to generate the Raman lasers. This laser system uses only two seed lasers to provide the various frequencies required by

85

R
b

and

87

R
b

dual-species atom interferometers, which greatly improves laser usage. The laser system is applied in the equivalence principle test experiment using an

85

R
b

and

87

R
b

dual-species atom interferometer. The signal of atoms launched to 12 meters is successfully observed, and the resolution of gravity differential measurement is improved from

8
×

10

−
9

g to

1
×

10

−
10

g

.
Morphologies of caustics and dislocation lines: some clues about their interrelation
Authors: Camas-Aquino F. , Jáuregui R. , Mojica-Casique C. , Herrera-Hernández I. A. , Quinto-Su P. A. 
Published: May 2021

According to singular optics, the phase and intensity that characterize structured electromagnetic beams can be understood in terms of concepts that involve subspaces where they or their derivatives exhibit a particular behavior, such as giving rise to extreme values or not being well defined. Caustics are a paradigmatic example of the former, while helical dislocation lines exemplify the latter. In this work the interrelation of the morphology of caustics and the morphology of dislocation lines is theoretically studied. The analysis for highly structured beams requires an efficient methodology that allows the identification of optical vortices, their topological charge, and the helical dislocation lines they belong to. Such a methodology is introduced and applied to paraxial elliptic umbilic beams and nonparaxial Airy symmetric three-dimensional beams. Nonparaxial beams exhibit caustic surfaces that delimit regions with a finite volume and different intensity average. It is shown that in the high intensity region so defined, the dislocation lines play the role of an internal skeleton, i.e., an endoskeleton, of the beam. The exoskeleton created in the low intensity regions shows subtle and interesting features that complement those of the endoskeleton; the caustics that delimit low intensity regions have a strong influence on the morphology of the exoskeleton.
LC-MS/MS analysis of lesional and normally looking psoriatic skin reveals significant changes in protein metabolism and RNA processing
Authors: Sobolev V. V. , Mezentsev A. V. , Ziganshin R. H. , Soboleva A. G. , Denieva M. , Korsunskaya I. M. , Svitich O. A. 
Published: May 2021

Background
Plaque psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by the development of red scaly plaques. To date psoriasis lesional skin transcriptome has been extensively studied, whereas only few proteomic studies of psoriatic skin are available.

Aim
The aim of this study was to compare protein expression patterns of lesional and normally looking skin of psoriasis patients with skin of the healthy volunteers, reveal differentially expressed proteins and identify changes in cell metabolism caused by the disease.

Methods
Skin samples of normally looking and lesional skin donated by psoriasis patients (n = 5) and samples of healthy skin donated by volunteers (n = 5) were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). After protein identification and data processing, the set of differentially expressed proteins was subjected to protein ontology analysis to characterize changes in biological processes, cell components and molecular functions in the patients’ skin compared to skin of the healthy volunteers. The expression of selected differentially expressed proteins was validated by ELISA and immunohistochemistry.

Results
The performed analysis identified 405 and 59 differentially expressed proteins in lesional and normally looking psoriatic skin compared to healthy control. In normally looking skin of the patients, we discovered decreased expression of KNG1, APOE, HRG, THBS1 and PLG. Presumably, these changes were needed to protect the epidermis from spontaneous activation of kallikrein-kinin system and delay the following development of inflammatory response. In lesional skin, we identified several large groups of proteins with coordinated expression. Mainly, these proteins were involved in different aspects of protein and RNA metabolism, namely ATP synthesis and consumption; intracellular trafficking of membrane-bound vesicles, pre-RNA processing, translation, chaperoning and degradation in proteasomes/immunoproteasomes.

Conclusion
Our findings explain the molecular basis of metabolic changes caused by disease in skin lesions, such as faster cell turnover and higher metabolic rate. They also indicate on downregulation of kallikrein-kinin system in normally looking skin of the patients that would be needed to delay exacerbation of the disease. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD021673.
Perceptions of family planning services and its key barriers among adolescents and young people in Eastern Nepal: A qualitative study
Authors: Bhatt Navin , Bhatt Bandana , Neupane Bandana , Karki Ashmita , Bhatta Tribhuwan , Thapa Jeevan , Basnet Lila Bahadur , Budhathoki Shyam Sundar 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
Family planning methods are used to promote safer sexual practices, reduce unintended pregnancies and unsafe abortion, and control population. Young people aged 15–24 years belong to a key reproductive age group. However, little is known about their engagement with the family planning services in Nepal. Our study aimed to identify the perceptions of and barriers to the use of family planning among youth in Nepal.

Methods
A qualitative explorative study was done among adolescents and young people aged 15–24 years from the Hattimuda village in eastern Nepal. Six focus group discussions and 25 in-depth interviews were conducted with both male and female participants in the community using a maximum variation sampling method. Data were analyzed using a thematic framework approach.

Results
Many individuals were aware that family planning measures postpone pregnancy. However, some young participants were not fully aware of the available family planning services. Some married couples who preferred ’birth spacing’ received negative judgments from their family members for not starting a family. The perceived barriers to the use of family planning included lack of knowledge about family planning use, fear of side effects of modern family planning methods, lack of access/affordability due to familial and religious beliefs/myths/misconceptions. On an individual level, some couples’ timid nature also negatively influenced the uptake of family planning measures.

Conclusion
Women predominantly take the responsibility for using family planning measures in male-dominated decision-making societies. Moreover, young men feel that the current family planning programs have very little space for men to engage even if they were willing to participate. Communication in the community and in between the couples seem to be influenced by the presence of strong societal and cultural norms and practices. These practices seem to affect family planning related teaching at schools as well. This research shows that both young men and women are keen on getting involved with initiatives and campaigns for supporting local governments in strengthening the family planning programs in Nepal.
Effectiveness of powered exoskeleton use on gait in individuals with cerebral palsy: A systematic review
Authors: Bunge Lucinda Rose , Davidson Ashleigh Jade , Helmore Benita Roslyn , Mavrandonis Aleksandra Daniella , Page Thomas David , Schuster-Bayly Tegan Rochelle , Kumar Saravana 
Published: May 2021

Background
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a leading cause of childhood disability. The motor impairments of individuals with CP significantly affect the kinematics of an efficient gait pattern. Robotic therapies have become increasingly popular as an intervention to address this. Powered lower limb exoskeletons (PoLLE) are a novel form of robotic therapy that allow the individual to perform over-ground gait training and yet its effectiveness for CP is unknown.

Purpose
To determine the effectiveness of PoLLE use on gait in individuals with CP.

Method
A systematic search of eight electronic databases was conducted in March 2020. Studies included children (0–18 years) and or adults (18+ years) diagnosed with CP who used a PoLLE for gait training. This review was conducted and reported in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, with the methodology registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020177160). A modified version of the McMaster critical review form for quantitative studies was used to assess the methodological quality. Due to the heterogeneity of the included studies, a descriptive synthesis using the National Health & Medical Research Council (NHMRC) FORM framework was undertaken.

Results
Of the 2089 studies screened, ten case series and three case studies met the inclusion criteria highlighting the current evidence base is emerging and low level. A range of PoLLEs were investigated with effectiveness measured by using a number of outcome measures. Collectively, the body of evidence indicates there is some consistent positive evidence on the effectiveness of PoLLE in improving gait in individuals with CP, with minimal adverse effects. While this is a positive and encouraging finding for an emerging technology, methodological concerns also need to be acknowledged.

Conclusion
With rapidly evolving technology, PoLLEs could play a transformative role in the lives of people impacted by CP. Ongoing research is required to further strengthen the evidence base and address current methodological concerns.
Efficacy of prolotherapy in comparison to other therapies for chronic soft tissue injuries: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Goh Siew-Li , Jaafar Zulkarnain , Gan Yan-Nee , Choong Alston , Kaur Jaspreet , Kundakci Burak , Abdul Karim Samihah , Jaffar Muhammad Rahmani , A. Hamid Mohamad Shariff 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
Prolotherapy and other injections, primarily acting on pathways associated with maladaptive tissue repair, are recommended for recalcitrant chronic soft tissue injuries (CSTI). However, selection of injection is challenging due to mixed results. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to compare prolotherapy with other therapies, particularly injections, for CSTI and establish robustness of the results.

Methodology
Pubmed, Medline, SPORTDiscus and Google scholar were searched from inception to 4th January 2021 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving injection therapies (e.g. blood derivatives, corticosteroid, hyaluronic acid, botulinum toxin) for CSTI. The primary and secondary outcomes were pain and function, respectively, at (or nearest to) 6 months. Effect size (ES) was presented as standardised mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI). Frequentist random effect NMA was used to generate the overall estimates, subgroup estimates (by region and measurement time point) and sensitivity analyses.

Results
A total of 91 articles (87 RCTs; 5859 participants) involving upper limb (74%), lower limb (23%) and truncal/hip (3%) injuries were included. At all time points, prolotherapy had no statistically significant pain benefits over other therapies. This observation remained unchanged when tested under various assumptions and with exclusion of studies with high risk of bias. Although prolotherapy did not offer statistically significant functional improvement compared to most therapies, its ES was consistently better than non-injections and corticosteroid injection for both outcomes. At selected time points and for selected injuries, prolotherapy demonstrated potentially better pain improvement over placebo (<4 months: shoulder [ES 0.65; 95% CI 0.00 to 1.30]; 4–8 months: elbow [ES 0.91; 95% CI 0.12 to 1.70]; >8 months: shoulder [ES 2.08; 95% CI 1.49, to 2.68]). Injections generally produced greater ES when combined with non-injection therapy.

Conclusion
While clinical outcomes were generally comparable across types of injection therapy, prolotherapy may be used preferentially for selected conditions at selected times.
Effect of proximal box elevation on fracture resistance and microleakage of premolars restored with ceramic endocrowns
Authors: Zhang Hong , Li He , Cong Qian , Zhang Zhimin , Du Aobo , Wang Ying 
Published: May 2021

Background
Restoration of endodontically treated premolar is in high risk for biomechanical failure, and often presents with subgingival margins. Proximal box elevation (PBE) has been used to relocate subgingival cavity outlines.

Objective
To evaluate the influence of PBE on fracture resistance and gingival microleakage of premolars with endodontic access cavities following ceramic endocrown.

Methods
Eighty sound maxillary premolars with standardized Class II cavities on mesial surfaces were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 20 in each group). Groups E1, E2 and E3, with proximal margins located in dentin/cementum, 2 mm below the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), simulated subgingival location. Group E4 (supragingival group), with proximal margins located in enamel, 1 mm above the CEJ, was used as the positive control. For margin elevation of the proximal cavities, bulk-fill Smart Dentin Replacement (SDR), a visible light cured resin composite, was applied in group E1, and conventional resin composite (3M Z350 XT, a light-activated composite) was placed in group E2. Group E3 was only treated with a ceramic crown and served as the negative control. In all groups, computer-aided design (CAD) ceramic endocrowns were adhesively inserted, and fracture resistance, failure mode and microleakage were evaluated.

Results
A higher fracture resistance value was observed in PBE groups E1 and E2, regardless of the materials used (P = 0.038, and 0.010, respectively, vs E3), and fracture resistance in group E1 was higher than that in group E2. In teeth without PBE, the percentage of catastrophic failures reached 70%. Compared to group E3, a lower frequency distribution of microleakage was detected in supragingival group E4 (P = 0.031). No increased percentage of microleakage was observed in groups treated with PBE.

Conclusion
For endodontically treated maxillary premolars restored with ceramic endocrowns, PBE increases fracture resistance but not microleakage.
When is Ambivalence Good for Family Firms? Understanding the Impact of Family Managers’ Emotional Ambivalence on Decision Making
Authors: Firfiray Shainaz , Gomez-Mejia Luis R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It has been suggested in the family business literature that the pursuit of socioemotional wealth (SEW) has both a bright and dark side and these conflicting priorities can have a negative impact on the quality of decisions made by family managers. This paper presents a model which recognizes that ambivalence emanating from socioemotional wealth may also lead to high calibre decision-making under certain contexts. In particular, we explain how emotional ambivalence can affect the decision-making abilities of family managers. Although emotional complexity and the resulting ambivalence is seen as an undesirable situation, we argue that this could also result in positive outcomes under certain circumstances. More specifically, emotional ambivalence prompts leaders to adopt a broader perspective and consider several alternatives before reaching a decision, hence enhancing decision-making quality. However, we acknowledge that emotional ambivalence may also lead to an overly restrictive focus on the family’s interests occasionally leading to inferior family-centric decisions.
Solving realistic reactive power market clearing problem of wind-thermal power system with system security
Authors: Pagidipala Sravanthi , Vuddanti Sandeep 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a security-constrained single and multi-objective optimization (MOO) based realistic security constrained-reactive power market clearing (SC-RPMC) mechanism in a hybrid power system by integrating the wind energy generators (WEGs) along with traditional thermal generating stations. Pre-contingency and post-contingency reactive power price clearing plans are developed. Different objective functions considered are the reactive power cost (RPC) minimization, voltage stability enhancement index (VSEI) minimization, system loss minimization (SLM), and the amount of load served maximization (LSM). These objectives of the SC-RPMC problem are solved in a single objective as well as multi-objective manner. The choice of objective functions for the MOO model depends on the load model and the operating condition of the system. For example, the SLM is an important objective function for the constant power load model, whereas the LSM is for the voltage-dependent/variable load model. The VSEI objective should be used only in near-critical loading conditions. The SLM/LSM objective is for all other operating conditions. The reason for using multiple objectives instead of a single objective and the rationale for the choice of the appropriate objectives for a given situation is explained. In this work, the teaching learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm is used for solving the proposed single objective-based SC-RPMC problem, and a non-dominated sorting-based TLBO technique is used for solving the multi-objective-based SC-RPMC problem. The fuzzy decision-making approach is applied for extracting the best-compromised solution. The validity and efficiency of the proposed market-clearing approach have been tested on IEEE 30 bus network.