bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How executive turnover influences the quality of corporate social responsibility disclosure? Moderating role of political embeddedness: evidence from China
Authors: Rauf Fawad , Voinea Cosmina L. , Roijakkers Nadine , Naveed Khwaja , Hashmi Hammad Bin Azam , Rani Tayyaba 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between executive turnover (ET) and quality of corporate social responsibility disclosure (CSRD) at the firm level. The role of political embeddedness (PE) in the association between ET and CSRD quality in Chinese listed A-share firms is also inspected. We employed 20,850 firm’s/year observations between 2010 and 2016. An inverse relationship was found between ET and CSRD quality as well as PE and CSRD quality. In addition, the study findings disclose that corporate PE moderates the relationship between ET and a firm’s CSRD quality whilst the impact of ET on a company's CSRD quality was found more pronounced for firms with a low level of corporate PE. This examination adds to the literature on CSRD quality under the premise of normative stakeholder theory and leads to the conclusion that the political link of departing executives is an active participant in the exacerbation of CSRD quality in PE firms of China. This implies a reinvigoration of the roles of decision-makers for sustainable CSR assurance.
Mixing rates for potentials of non-summable variations
Authors: GALLESCO CHRISTOPHE , TAKAHASHI DANIEL Y. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMixing rates, relaxation rates, and decay of correlations for dynamics defined by potentials with summable variations are well understood, but little is known for non-summable variations. This paper exhibits upper bounds for these quantities for dynamics defined by potentials with square-summable variations. We obtain these bounds as corollaries of a new block coupling inequality between pairs of dynamics starting with different histories. As applications of our results, we prove a new weak invariance principle and a Hoeffding-type inequality.
Notes on the Hodge conjecture for Fermat varieties
Authors: da Silva Genival 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We review a combinatoric approach to the Hodge conjecture for Fermat varieties and announce new cases where the conjecture is true. We show the Hodge conjecture for Fermat fourfolds

$ {X}_m^4 $

of degree m ≤ 100 coprime to 6, and also prove the conjecture for

$ {X}_{21}^n $

and

$ {X}_{27}^n $

, for all n.
Intranasal octenidine for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriers and universal octenidine bathing reduced MRSA acquisition in an acute-care general ward
Authors: Aung Aung-Hein , Kyaw Win Mar , Heng Yee Kiat , Tey Hong Liang , Ang Brenda , Chow Angela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this quasi-experimental before-and-after study in a methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) high-prevalence acute-care dermatology ward from August 2016 to November 2018, patients admitted during intervention period who received additional topical intranasal octenidine were 63% less likely to acquire MRSA than those receiving universal daily octenidine bathing alone during baseline period (aOR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14–0.98).
FLEXIBLE SOIL MICROBIAL CARBON METABOLISM ACROSS AN ASIAN ELEVATION GRADIENT
Authors: Jiang Yishan , Zhang Dayi , Ostle Nicholas J , Luo Chunling , Wang Yan , Ding Ping , Cheng Zhineng , Shen Chengde , Zhang Gan 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTThe function and change of global soil carbon (C) reserves in natural ecosystems are key regulators of future carbon-climate coupling. Microbes play a critical role in soil carbon cycling and yet there is poor understanding of their roles and C metabolism flexibility in many ecosystems. We wanted to determine whether vegetation type and climate zone influence soil microbial community composition (fungi and bacteria) and carbon resource preference. We used a biomarker (phospholipid fatty acids, PLFAs), natural abundance 13C and 14C probing approach to measure soil microbial composition and C resource use, along a 1900–4167-m elevation gradient on Mount Gongga (7556 m asl), China. Mount Gongga has a vertical mean annual temperature gradient of 1.2–10.1°C and a diversity of typical vegetation zones in the Tibetan Plateau. Soils were sampled at 10 locations along the gradient capturing distinct vegetation types and climate zones from lowland subtropical-forest to alpine-meadow. PLFA results showed that microbial communities were composed of 2.1–51.7% bacteria and 2.0–23.2% fungi across the elevation gradient. Microbial biomass was higher and the ratio of soil fungi to bacteria (F/B) was lower in forest soils compared to meadow soils. δ13C varied between −33‰ to −17‰ with C3 plant carbon sources dominant across the gradient. Soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover did not vary among three soils we measured from three forest types (i.e., evergreen broadleaved subtropical, mixed temperate, coniferous alpine) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) turnover decreased with soil elevation. Forest soil microbial PLFA 14C and δ13C measurements showed that forest type and climate were related to different microbial C use. The 14C values of microbial PLFAs i15, a15, 16:1, br17 decreased with elevation while those of C16:0, cyC17, and cyC19 did not show much difference among three forest ecosystems. Bacteria and bacillus represented by C16:1 and brC17 showed considerable microbial C metabolism flexibility and tended to use ancient carbon at higher altitudes. Anaerobes represented by cyC17 and cyC19 showed stronger C metabolism selectivity. Our findings reveal specific C source differences between and within soil microbial groups along elevation gradients.
Comparing intermediate-term hearing results of NiTiBOND and Nitinol prostheses in stapes surgery
Authors: Koukkoullis A , Gerlinger I , Kovács A , Szakács Z , Piski Z , Szanyi I , Tóth I , Révész P 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo statistically analyse the hearing thresholds of two cohorts undergoing stapedotomy for otosclerosis with two different prostheses.MethodA retrospective study was conducted comparing NiTiBOND (n = 53) and Nitinol (n = 38) prostheses.ResultsAverage follow-up duration was 4.1 years for NiTiBOND and 4.4 years for Nitinol prostheses. The post-operative air–bone gap was 10 dB or less, indicating clinical success. The p-values for differences between (1) pre- and post-operative values in the NiTiBOND group, (2) pre- and post-operative values in the Nitinol group, (3) pre-operative values and (4) post-operative values in the two groups were: air–bone gap – p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.631 and p = 0.647; four-frequency bone conduction threshold – p = 0.076, p = 0.129, p < 0.001 and p = 0.005; four-frequency air conduction threshold – p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.043 and p = 0.041; three-frequency (1, 2 and 4 kHz) bone conduction threshold pre-operatively – p = 0.639, p = 0.495, p = 0.001 and p = 0.01; and air conduction threshold at 4 kHz: – p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.03 and p = 0.058.ConclusionPost-operative audiological outcomes for NiTiBOND and Nitinol were comparable.
Health technology assessment applied to emergency preparedness: a new perspective
Authors: Miglietta Alessandro , de Waure Chiara , Chronaki Catherine , Wild Claudia , Favaretti Carlo , Timen Aura , Edelstein Michael , Petelos Elena 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Emergency preparedness is a continuous quality improvement process through which roles and responsibilities are defined to effectively anticipate, respond to, and recover from the impact of emergencies. This process results in documented plans that provide a backbone structure for developing the core capacities to address health threats. Nevertheless, several barriers can impair an effective preparedness planning, as it needs a 360° perspective to address each component according to the best evidence and practice. Preparedness planning shares common principles with health technology assessment (HTA) as both encompass a multidisciplinary and multistakeholder approach, follow an iterative cycle, adopt a 360° perspective on the impact of intervention measures, and conclude with decision-making support. Our “Perspective” illustrates how each HTA domain can address different component(s) of a preparedness plan that can indeed be seen as a container of multiple HTAs, which can then be used to populate the entire plan itself. This approach can allow one to overcome preparedness barriers, providing an independent, systematic, and robust tool to address the components and ensuring a comprehensive evaluation of their value in the mitigation of the impact of emergencies.
The historic city and the East–West exchange: architecture, urban renewal and international knowledge transfers under state socialism in Hungary
Authors: Szívós Erika 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the permeability of the Iron Curtain seems to have become a new paradigm in the field of post-war history – urban history included. It is clear, however, that significant differences existed among Eastern Bloc countries in terms of how open they were to Western influences, and to what extent their governments allowed those countries’ citizens – professionals among them – to gain experiences abroad. This article investigates the ways city planning and heritage policy in state socialist Hungary were influenced by international trends; it explores the roles Hungarian architects, urban planners and other experts played after 1956 in knowledge transfers, i.e. the transmission of novel ideas in the field of architecture and urban planning, with special regard to the renewal of inner-city areas and historic town centres. Besides reflecting critically on concepts of the strict East–West divide, the article also calls attention to the limits of freedom inherent even in a relatively liberal Eastern Bloc regime: various forms of state control – including state security surveillance – continued to characterize the system until its collapse in 1989, affecting the mobility of urbanists and architects as well as all other professional groups.
Estimating Geo‐Referenced Cloud‐Base Height With Whole‐Sky Imagers
Authors: Lyu Baolei , Chen Yang , Guan Yuqiu , Gao Tianlei , Liu Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccurate and frequent cloud‐base height calculation is beneficial to solar farming and agricultural activities and also indicative for future meteorology conditions. This study used paired whole‐sky imagers to estimate cloud‐base height with high quality. The study obtained quality assured cloud base feature points with a robust Shi‐Tomasi‐Scale Invariant Feature Transform algorithm before employing double‐eye locating approach, which is fast and easy to implement operationally. The estimated cloud‐base heights have high spatial coverages. Evaluated against ceilometer observations, estimated cloud‐base heights have a high accuracy level, with R2 = 0.92 and RMSE = 424 m. The method is generally unbiased with NME = 9.2%. The high‐quality cloud‐base features in this study are quantitatively geo‐referenced, which would benefit a lot to meteorological studies such as fusion with satellite observations, evaluation for model simulations and upper‐level wind specifications.
Comment on “The Wave‐Driven Current in Coastal Canopies” by M. Abdolahpour et al.
Authors: Luhar Mitul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLaboratory and field measurements made over the past decade have shown the presence of a strong wave‐driven mean current in submerged vegetation canopies. Luhar et al. (2010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jc006345) suggested that this mean current is analogous to the streaming flow generated in wave boundary layers over bare beds, and developed a simple energy and momentum balance model to predict its magnitude. However, this model predicts that the magnitude of the mean current does not depend on canopy spatial density, which is inconsistent with the measurements made by Abdolahpour et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012446) in recent laboratory experiments. Motivated by observations that the wave‐driven mean flow is most pronounced at the canopy interface, Abdolahpour et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016jc012446) proposed an alternate explanation for its origin: It is driven by the vertical heterogeneity in orbital motion created by canopy drag. Such heterogeneity can give rise to incomplete particle orbits near the canopy interface and a Lagrangian mean current analogous to Stokes drift in the direction of wave propagation. A model guided by this physical insight and dimensional analysis is able to generate much more accurate predictions. This comment aims to reconcile these two different models for the wave‐driven mean flow in submerged canopies.
Missing Earthquake Data Reconstruction in the Space‐Time‐Magnitude Domain
Authors: Stallone Angela , Falcone Giuseppe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractShort term aftershock incompleteness (STAI) can strongly bias any analysis built on the assumption that seismic catalogs have a complete record of events. Despite several attempts to tackle this issue, we are far from trusting any data set in the immediate future of a large shock occurrence. Here, we introduce RESTORE (REal catalogs STOchastic REplenishment), a Python toolbox implementing a stochastic gap‐filling method, which automatically detects the STAI gaps and reconstructs the missing events in the space‐time‐magnitude domain. The algorithm is based on empirical earthquake properties and relies on a minimal number of assumptions about the data. Through a numerical test, we show that RESTORE returns an accurate estimation of the number of missed events and correctly reconstructs their magnitude, location, and occurrence time. We also conduct a real‐case test, by applying the algorithm to the 6.2 Amatrice aftershocks sequence. The STAI‐induced gaps are filled and missed earthquakes are restored in a way which is consistent with data. RESTORE, which is made freely available, is a powerful tool to tackle the STAI issue, and will hopefully help to implement more robust analyses for advancing operational earthquake forecasting and seismic hazard assessment.
Carbon Isotopic Fractionation of Alkenones and Gephyrocapsa Coccoliths Over the Late Quaternary (Marine Isotope Stages 12–9) Glacial‐Interglacial Cycles at the Western Tropical Atlantic
Authors: González‐Lanchas A. , Hernández‐Alméida I. , Flores J.‐A. , Sierro F. J. , Guitian J. , Stoll H. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe sensitivity of coccolithophores to changing CO2 and its role modulating cellular photosynthetic carbon isotopic fractionation (εp) is crucial to understand the future adaptation of these organisms to higher CO2 world and to assess the reliability of εp for past CO2 estimation. Here, we present εp measured on natural fossil samples across the glacial‐interglacial (G‐I) CO2 variations of marine isotope stages 12 to 9 interval (454–334 ka) at the western tropical Atlantic Ocean Drilling Program Site 925 together with a set of organic and inorganic geochemical, micropaleontological and morphometrical data from Gephyrocapsa coccoliths in the same samples. The ∼2‰ variation in εp is significantly correlated with the CO2[aq] concentrations calculated from assumption of air‐sea equilibrium with measured ice core pCO2 concentrations. The sensitivity of εp to CO2[aq] is similar to that derived from a multiple regression model of culture observations and is not well simulated with the classical purely diffusive model of algal CO2 acquisition. The measured range of Gephyrocapsa cell sizes is insufficient to explain the non‐CO2 effects on εp at this location, via either direct size effect or growth rate correlated to cell size. Primary productivity, potentially triggered by shifting growth rates and light levels, may also affect εp. Proposed productivity proxies % Florisphaera profunda and the ratio between the C37 to C38.et alkenone (C37/C38.et ratio) both correlates modestly with the non‐CO2 effects on εp. When the observed G‐I εp to CO2 sensitivity at this site is used to estimate pCO2 from εp since the Miocene, the inferred pCO2 declines are larger in amplitude compared to that calculated from a theoretical εp diffusive model. We find that oxygen and carbon stable isotope vital effects in the near monogeneric‐separated Gephyrocapsa coccoliths (respectively Δδ18OGephyrocapsa–Trilobatus sacculifer and εcoccolith) are coupled through the time series, but the origins of these vital effects are not readily explained by existing models.
Impact of Cosolvents on the Interphase Mass Transfer of NAPLs in Porous Media
Authors: Yaksi Korcan , Demiray Zeynep , Copty Nadim K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCosolvent flushing has evolved as a viable technology for the remediation of groundwater resources contaminated with non‐aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). This study investigates the effect of cosolvents on the interphase mass transfer of NAPLs into the flushing solutions, a key process that controls the effectiveness of the enhanced dissolution technology. A series of laboratory‐scale flow cell experiments were conducted to test the effect of cosolvent content, mean grain diameter and flushing velocity on the interphase mass transfer of NAPLs present in saturated porous media pooled form. The cosolvent and NAPL selected for this purpose are ethanol and 1,2‐dichlorobenzene, respectively. The experimental results are interpreted using a two‐dimensional numerical model and validated with a one‐dimensional analytical solution. The best fit mass transfer coefficients estimated from the model are used to develop Sherwood correlations expressed in terms of the Peclet and Schmidt numbers and the porous media main grain diameter. It is observed that the presence of the cosolvent can have an important impact on the interphase mass transfer coefficient. Specifically, the Sherwood correlation is found to be inversely proportional to the Schmidt number, expressed as a function of the viscosity and density of the cosolvent flushing solution. The developed Sherwood correlations can potentially be used in modeling studies and field applications involving the enhanced dissolution of entrapped NAPLs.
A River Network‐Based Hierarchical Model for Deriving Flood Frequency Distributions and Its Application to the Upper Yangtze Basin
Authors: Jiang Cong , Xiong Lihua , Xu Chong‐Yu , Yan Lei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn flood frequency analysis, expanding the additional information with hydrological reasoning beyond local at‐site flood samples can be very useful for improving the accuracy of flood frequency distribution (FFD) estimation as well as reflecting a better understanding of flood characteristics. In this study, a river network‐based hierarchical model is developed to estimate the FFDs in the Upper Yangtze basin by making full use of the hydrological reasoning information of both the flood dependence within the river network and reservoir regulation. Under this hierarchical model, a covariate analysis based on the generalized additive model for location, scale and shape is performed to obtain the conditional distribution of the interested flood variable given both its upstream flood variables and the reservoir index quantifying reservoir regulation; and then, the FFD of the interested flood variable is derived by combining its conditional distribution with the probability distribution of the upstream flood variables. The application to the Upper Yangtze basin indicates that the proposed hierarchical model suggests a satisfactory performance in FFD estimation. It is also found that the reservoir regulation, especially that of the Three Gorges Reservoir, is of great significance in reducing the flood magnitude in the basin. Compared to the conventional FFD estimation method that directly fits the assumed theoretical probability distributions to the at‐site flood samples, the hierarchical model incorporating the flood dependence within the river network exhibits an advantage in capturing the effect of reservoir regulation on the floods as well as in reducing the uncertainty in flood quantile estimation.
Composition of Coronal Hole Boundary Layers at Low Heliographic Latitudes
Authors: Delano K. , Elliott H. A. , Lepri S. T. , Fuselier S. A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn some polar coronal holes, previous studies have identified a coronal hole boundary layer (CHBL), which is different in composition from the coronal hole core region. However, compositionally distinct CHBL structure at low heliographic latitudes remains underexplored. Using solar wind composition measurements from the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), we study two particular low‐latitude coronal holes of 2003: a large polar hole extension with outward magnetic polarity and a smaller equatorial hole with inward magnetic polarity. For both of these coronal holes, we examine the distribution of two composition parameters, the O7+ to O6+ charge state density ratio (n(O7+)/n(O6+)) and the Fe to O abundance ratio (n(Fe)/n(O)), and find that each hole has an identifiable CHBL based on an anticorrelation of solar wind speed and n(O7+)/n(O6+). We also examine the FIP (first ionization potential) effect in the CHBL using n(Fe)/n(O), and find that there is no significant change from the CHBL to the core region for one of the coronal holes we study, while the other coronal hole has a noticeable decrease in n(Fe)/n(O) values in its core. Finally, we discuss our results in the context of previous work studying CHBL structure.
Inferring Jovian Electron Densities Using Plasma Wave Spectra Obtained by the Juno/Waves Instrument
Authors: Sulaiman A. H. , Elliott S. S. , Kurth W. S. , Faden J. B. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Menietti J. D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Waves instrument onboard the Juno spacecraft has plasma wave‐measuring capabilities using a single electric dipole antenna and a uniaxial magnetic search coil. Together, these simultaneously measure electric and magnetic field spectral densities in the frequency range 50 Hz–20 kHz, above which only electric field spectral densities are measured up to 41 MHz. A major objective of the Juno mission is to explore Jupiter's high‐latitude magnetosphere and ionosphere. One of the key contributions of the Waves instrument is the determination of electron densities from plasma wave spectra. Given the very high magnetic field strengths near Juno's perijove passes, established techniques cannot be utilized to infer electron densities since such highly magnetized space plasma conditions have not previously been met in planetary missions. By revisiting theoretical treatments of plasma waves, we describe a novel method to determine electron densities from plasma wave spectra that is unique to the near‐Jupiter region. In the absence of the commonly observed upper hybrid resonance frequency in high‐density space plasmas (e.g., the vicinities of Io, Ganymede, Enceladus, and the near‐Earth environment), we achieve this by identifying emission cutoffs at the lower hybrid frequency and electron plasma frequency. Further, we discuss the development of the process and tools for identifying and digitizing appropriate resonance and cutoff frequencies.