bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ulcerated melanoma: Systems biology evidence of inflammatory imbalance towards pro‐tumourigenicity
Authors: Davies John , Muralidhar Sathya , Randerson‐Moor Juliette , Harland Mark , O’Shea Sally , Diaz Joey , Walker Christy , Nsengimana Jérémie , Laye Jon , Mell Tracey , Chan May , Appleton Lizzie , Birkeälv Sofia , Adams David J. , Cook Graham P. , Ball Graham , Bishop David T. , Newton‐Bishop Julia A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicroscopic ulceration is an independent predictor of melanoma death. Here, we used systems biology to query the role of host and tumour‐specific processes in defining the phenotype. Albumin level as a measure of systemic inflammation was predictive of fewer tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes and poorer survival in the Leeds Melanoma Cohort. Ulcerated melanomas were thicker and more mitotically active (with corresponding transcriptomic upregulated cell cycle pathways). Sequencing identified tumoural p53 and APC mutations, and TUBB2B amplification as associated with the phenotype. Ulcerated tumours had perturbed expression of cytokine genes, consistent with protumourigenic inflammation and histological and transcriptomic evidence for reduced adaptive immune cell infiltration. Pathway/network analysis of multiomic data using neural networks highlighted a role for the β‐catenin pathway in the ulceration, linking genomic changes in the tumour to immunosuppression and cell proliferation. In summary, the data suggest that ulceration is in part associated with genomic changes but that host factors also predict melanoma death with evidence of reduced immune responses to the tumour.
Support seeking and support transactions with college students' romantic partners
Authors: Baker Elizabeth A. , DeLuca Bishop Haylee K. , van Dulmen Manfred H. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCollege is a stressful time for students and social support can help students cope with stress. However, research investigating how college students' romantic relationships might serve as a daily source of support around academic stressors and academic outcomes is limited. This study investigated whether romantic partners are a source of daily academic support during times of academic stress (midterms), and whether satisfaction with academic support is associated with higher levels of student engagement. Students reported daily academic support seeking from their romantic partners during midterms, and satisfaction was positively associated with student engagement. Understanding how romantic partners can buffer against academic stress is crucial to supporting students' academic outcomes, mental, and physical health. While romantic partners serve as sources of support around academic stress and outcomes, low levels of academic support seeking suggest they may not be a main source.
“No Man Is an Island”: Perspectives of CHamorus in Guam on COVID‐19
Authors: Joo‐Castro Lucy , Emerson Amanda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesGuam is a United States territory situated in the western Pacific Ocean with a multiethnic population numbering approximately 168,000. The CHamorus, who are the Indigenous people of Guam, make up 37%. In this study, we sought to explore CHamorus’ perspectives on and experiences of COVID‐19.DesignInterviews were conducted with 10 CHamoru adults in June‐July 2020 via telephone for a larger study on understanding how the collective history of the CHamoru people is perceived relative to contemporary health beliefs and practices. This study is a secondary data analysis of questions that focused on COVID‐19. We used thematic analysis techniques to analyze the data.ResultsThree themes were identified: self and other, or “no man is an island”; trust in government; and focusing on the positives. A cross‐cutting theme was commitment to the common welfare of the community through interconnectedness and inafa'maolek (doing good for others).ConclusionResults indicated that CHamorus recognized a balance between community and individual, the need to protect the vulnerable while also considering personal choice, and the implications of enforced social distancing on community and economic stability.
The revised index for social engagement (RISE) in long‐term care facilities: reliability and validity in Japan
Authors: Tsuchiya‐Ito Rumiko , Naruse Takashi , Ishibashi Tomoaki , Ikegami Naoki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to establish the validity and reliability of a revised index for social engagement (RISE) in the Japanese context.MethodsWe analysed the data of 1377 participants over 65 years of age who had been admitted to two types of long‐term care facilities (LTCF) in Japan: four health facilities for older adults and eight nursing homes. Resident level data based on the Japanese version of the interRAI assessment instrument were collected from 623 residents in the former and 754 in the latter. From these data, we calculated RISE by adding six dichotomous items on social engagement in the assessment form. Factorial validity was evaluated by exploratory factorial analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity by the correlation between average activity time and the RISE score, and discriminant validity by the correlation between cognitive levels and the RISE scores. Lastly, we assessed internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha.ResultsWe identified a two‐factor model in the exploratory factorial analysis with a factor loading >0.40, except for one RISE item. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the two‐factor model had appropriate model fits. The correlation between time involved in activities and the RISE score was r = 0.45, while the correlation between cognitive function and the RISE score was r = −0.32. The convergent and discriminant validities supported the use of Japanese LTCF. Cronbach's alpha ranged 0.70–0.72.ConclusionsAlthough further revision may be needed to improve factorial validity, RISE is reliable and valid for assessing social engagement of older adults admitted to LTCF in Japan. By using the Japanese version of RISE, the positive aspects of social functioning can be appropriately assessed and provide more evidence for improving the quality of care in LTCF.
The addition of crocin in the freezing medium extender improves post‐thaw semen quality
Authors: Sapanidou Vasiliki , Lavrentiadou Sophia N. , Errico Michela , Panagiotidis Ioannis , Fletouris Dimitrios , Efraimidis Ioannis , Zervos Ioannis , Taitzoglou Ioannis , Gasparrini Bianca , Tsantarliotou Maria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSemen cryopreservation is arguably the most important method or technique contributing to the advancement of modern animal production. However, the quality of sperm after thawing is still highly variable. The addition of antioxidant compounds to the freezing medium has been used customarily to counteract the harmful effects of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) that are produced during the freeze/thaw process. Crocin, a potent antioxidant, improves the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa. In this study, we evaluated the potential of crocin (0, 0.5 and 1 mM) as an extender additive to diminish the damaging effects of cryopreservation on bovine spermatozoa. Post‐thaw semen quality was assessed by means of motility, viability and lipid peroxidation (LPO). We further investigated the effect of crocin supplementation upon freezing on sperm quality parameters during their incubation at 37°C for up to 2 hr. Overall, the data assessment indicates that crocin facilitated a general improvement of the quality of freeze/thawed spermatozoa, under the present experimental conditions. Crocin (1 mM) maintained a higher percentage of alive spermatozoa with intact acrosome with rapid and progressive motility, compared to the control extender. Moreover, the spermatozoa cryopreserved in the presence of crocin exhibited higher values in CASA kinematic parameters (VCL, VSL, VAP, ALH) immediately after thawing. Furthermore, the positive effect of crocin on motility parameters was also sustained over a period of 2 hr incubation at 37°C. This effect of crocin may be attributed to the observed inhibition of LPO during the incubation period. Thus, the results indicate that the addition of crocin (especially at a final concentration of 1 mM) in the freezing extender medium may benefit the preservation of the quality parameters of spermatozoa that are compromised by the freeze/thaw heat shock and the stress during handling for IVF or artificial insemination.
Comparison of high intensity interval training with standard cardiac rehabilitation on vascular function
Authors: Taylor Jenna L. , Keating Shelley E. , Holland David J. , Green Daniel J. , Coombes Jeff S. , Bailey Tom G. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo compare the short‐ and long‐term effects of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) with usual care moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) on systemic vascular function and stiffness in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing a cardiac rehabilitation program.DesignRandomized controlled trial.MethodsFifty‐four patients (age = 63 ± 8 years, 93% male) were randomized to complete 3 sessions/week (2 supervised, 1 home‐based) of either (1) 4 × 4‐min HIIT or (2) 40‐min MICT, for 4 weeks. Patients then continued 3 unsupervised home‐based sessions/week of their allocated training for 11 months. Brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation, pulse wave velocity, and blood pressure were measured at baseline, 4 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Data were analyzed using linear mixed modeling and are presented as mean change from baseline (95% CI).ResultsHIIT showed a greater improvement in flow‐mediated dilation compared to MICT after 4 weeks [1.5% (0.9, 2.1) vs 0.1% (−0.5, 0.8); p = 0.004) but not 12 months [1.2% (−0.2, 2.5) vs 0.4% (−0.8, 1.7); p = 0.153). There were no short‐ or long‐term group differences for changes in pulse wave velocity, peripheral or central blood pressure between HIIT and MICT after 4 weeks, or over 12 months.ConclusionsA 4‐week HIIT program was superior to MICT for improving vascular function, but not arterial stiffness or blood pressure. Over 12 months, changes in vascular function, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness were similar for HIIT and MICT.
Role of haematopoietic cell‐specific protein 1‐associated protein X‐1 gene in lipopolysaccharide‐induced apoptosis of human dermal fibroblasts
Authors: Ning Mei , Li Yanlong , Chen Zhihui , Han Pengfei , Tang Xiaolan , Zhang Yanli , Gao Luan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWound healing may be disrupted by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and excessive oxidative stress, which can lead to undesirable consequences. The haematopoietic cell‐specific protein 1‐associated protein X‐1 (HAX‐1) is a mitochondrial matrix protein that regulates mitochondrial function. This study aimed to comprehensively identify the role of HAX‐1 in the inhibition of LPS‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). HAX‐1 expression was assessed in the HDF‐a cell line using real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemical staining. The viability, migration, and apoptosis of HDF‐a cells were evaluated using the water‐soluble tetrazolium‐1 assay, transwell assay, and flow cytometry analysis, respectively. Mitochondrial function was evaluated based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Our results demonstrated that LPS stimulation markedly repressed HAX‐1 expression in HDFs and silencing of HAX‐1 led to mitochondrial ROS accumulation, ΔΨm disruption, and abnormal mitochondrial morphology. Accordingly, overexpression of HAX‐1 or administration of metformin enhanced mitochondrial fusion and normalized mitochondrial dynamics, thereby reversing LPS‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction, fibroblast apoptosis, and viability and migration inhibition in HDF‐a cells. These data support a mechanism wherein HAX‐1 plays a crucial role in LPS‐induced fibroblast apoptosis in a mitochondria‐dependent manner.
Management of ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA)
Authors: Beltrame John F , Tavella Rosanna , Jones Dione , Zeitz Chris 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUp to half of patients undergoing elective coronary angiography for the investigation of chest pain do not present with evidence of obstructive coronary artery disease. These patients are often discharged with a diagnosis of non-cardiac chest pain, yet many could have an ischaemic basis for their symptoms. This type of ischaemic chest pain in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease is referred to as INOCA (ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries). This comprehensive review of INOCA management looks at why these patients require treatment, who requires treatment based on diagnostic evaluation, what clinical treatment targets should be considered, how to treat patients using a personalised medicine approach, when to initiate treatment, and where future research is progressing.
Antibiotic stories: a mixed-methods, multi-country analysis of household antibiotic use in Malawi, Uganda and Zimbabwe
Authors: Dixon Justin , MacPherson Eleanor Elizabeth , Nayiga Susan , Manyau Salome , Nabirye Christine , Kayendeke Miriam , Sanudi Esnart , Nkaombe Alex , Mareke Portia , Sitole Kenny , de Lima Hutchison Coll , Bradley John , Yeung Shunmay , Ferrand Rashida Abbas , Lal Sham , Roberts Chrissy , Green Edward , Denyer Willis Laurie , Staedke Sarah G , Chandler Clare I R 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundAs concerns about the prevalence of infections that are resistant to available antibiotics increase, attention has turned toward the use of these medicines both within and outside of formal healthcare settings. Much of what is known about use beyond formal settings is informed by survey-based research. Few studies to date have used comparative, mixed-methods approaches to render visible patterns of use within and between settings as well as wider points of context shaping these patterns.DesignThis article analyses findings from mixed-methods anthropological studies of antibiotic use in a range of rural and urban settings in Zimbabwe, Malawi and Uganda between 2018 and 2020. All used a ‘drug bag’ survey tool to capture the frequency and types of antibiotics used among 1811 households. We then undertook observations and interviews in residential settings, with health providers and key stakeholders to better understand the stories behind the most-used antibiotics.ResultsThe most self-reported ‘frequently used’ antibiotics across settings were amoxicillin, cotrimoxazole and metronidazole. The stories behind their use varied between settings, reflecting differences in the configuration of health systems and antibiotic supplies. At the same time, these stories reveal cross-cutting features and omissions of contemporary global health programming that shape the contours of antibiotic (over)use at national and local levels.ConclusionsOur findings challenge the predominant focus of stewardship frameworks on the practices of antibiotic end users. We suggest future interventions could consider systems—rather than individuals—as stewards of antibiotics, reducing the need to rely on these medicines to fix other issues of inequity, productivity and security.
FLUID study: study protocol for an open-label, single-centre pilot study to investigate the efFect of Lemborexant on sleep management in Japanese sUbjects aged 50 years and older with Insomnia Disorder
Authors: Okada Ippei , Iwamoto Kunihiro , Miyata Seiko , Fujimoto Akihiro , Tanaka Masaki , Amano Manabu , Matsuyama Nao , Taoka Toshiaki , Naganawa Shinji , Ozaki Norio 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionBidirectional associations have been reported between sleep disturbance and both cognitive impairment, including Alzheimer’s disease and amyloid beta-peptide (Aβ) accumulation. These relationships can be explained by the glymphatic system, which acts as a garbage drainage system in the brain. As interstitial fluid dynamics are suggested to increase during sleep, clearance of Aβ can be influenced by sleep disturbance or deprivation. We hypothesised that using lemborexant, an orexin receptor antagonist, to improve sleep quality would also improve the function of the glymphatic system. We plan to examine the effect of lemborexant on sleep quality and the glymphatic system among patients with insomnia disorder.Methods and analysisThis pilot study is designed as an open-label, single-arm, single-centre trial. Thirty patients aged 50 years and over with insomnia will be recruited. The participants will take lemborexant (5 mg) at bedtime for 12 weeks and undergo a home-based sleep study at baseline and weeks 4 and 12, as well as MRI examinations to evaluate the glymphatic system at baseline and week 12. The primary outcome will be changes in objective sleep parameters as evaluated using a sleep monitoring system. The secondary outcomes will be changes in subjective sleep parameters. The relationships between changes in sleep parameters and the glymphatic system will be evaluated using diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space, which is called the ALPS-index. Sleep parameters and the ALPS-index will be analysed using a paired t-test or Pearson’s correlation coefficient.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by Nagoya University Certified Review Board. The findings from this research will be published in peer-reviewed journals and be presented at local, national and international conferences.Trial registration numberjRCTs041210024.
Insights into the complexity of presentation and management of patients: the Sport and Exercise Physician’s perspective
Authors: Gamage Prasanna J , Seker Saran , Orchard Jessica , Humphries David , Fitzgerald Kylie , Fitzpatrick Jane 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesSport and Exercise Physicians represent a relatively new specialty focusing on exercise in complex diseases including musculoskeletal diseases. Our objective was to describe the characteristics, type and complexity of patient presentations, their management strategies and referral information in Australian practice.MethodsA cross-sectional study including a cohort of 11 senior Sport and Exercise Physicians in Australia studied all new patient consultations within an 8-week period. Data were analysed relating to presentation, referral source, follow-up referrals, and patient management strategies.ResultsData from 419 patients were recorded. The majority, 97% (n=406), had musculoskeletal conditions, 53% (n=222) had one or more associated comorbidities and 47% (n=195) had ongoing symptoms for >12 months. Most patients, 82% (n=355), were referred by general practitioners. Prior consultations included physiotherapy 72% (n=301) and orthopaedic 20% (n=85). A multidisciplinary network of referrals from Sport and Exercise Physicians was observed, including 210 referrals to 9 allied health specialities and 61 referrals to 17 medical specialities. Over 74% (n=311) of patients received exercise-based intervention as part of the treatment plan, including 57% (n=240) physician managed exercise interventions.ConclusionOur work shines a light on the nature and complexity of the role of Sport and Exercise Physicians in an Australian practice context. Findings will assist in implementing measures to promote patient care at the community level in managing musculoskeletal conditions. Sport and exercise medicine stakeholders and government policy makers can use this information in developing appropriate programmes to support patients and create integrated sport and exercise medicine services for the community.
Association between combat-related traumatic injury and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Boos Christopher J , Schofield Susie , Cullinan Paul , Dyball Daniel , Fear Nicola T , Bull Anthony M J , Pernet David , Bennett Alexander N 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveThe association between combat-related traumatic injury (CRTI) and cardiovascular risk is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between CRTI and both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and arterial stiffness.MethodsThis was a prospective observational cohort study consisting of 579 male adult UK combat veterans (UK-Afghanistan War 2003–2014) with CRTI who were frequency-matched to 565 uninjured men by age, service, rank, regiment, deployment period and role-in-theatre. Measures included quantification of injury severity (New Injury Severity Score (NISS)), visceral fat area (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), arterial stiffness (heart rate-adjusted central augmentation index (cAIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV)), fasting venous blood glucose, lipids and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP).ResultsOverall the participants were 34.1±5.4 years, with a mean (±SD) time from injury/deployment of 8.3±2.1 years. The prevalence of MetS (18.0% vs 11.8%; adjusted risk ratio 1.46, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.94, p<0.0001) and the mean cAIx (17.61%±8.79% vs 15.23%±8.19%, p<0.0001) were higher among the CRTI versus the uninjured group, respectively. Abdominal waist circumference, visceral fat area, triglycerides, estimated insulin resistance and hs-CRP levels were greater and physical activity and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol lower with CRTI. There were no significant between-group differences in blood glucose, blood pressure or PWV. CRTI, injury severity (↑NISS), age, socioeconomic status (SEC) and physical activity were independently associated with both MetS and cAIx.ConclusionsCRTI is associated with an increased prevalence of MetS and arterial stiffness, which are also influenced by age, injury severity, physical activity and SEC. The longitudinal impact of CRTI on clinical cardiovascular events needs further examination.
Citral inhibits the nociception in the rat formalin test: effect of metformin and blockers of opioid receptor and the NO-cGMP-K+ channel pathway
Authors: Ortiz Mario I. , Cariño-Cortés Raquel , Muñoz-Pérez Víctor M. , Medina-Solís Carlo Eduardo , Castañeda-Hernández Gilberto 
Published: November 2021

The objective of the present study was to scrutinize the effect of nitric oxide (NO), cyclic GMP (cGMP), potassium channel blockers, and metformin on the citral-produced peripheral antinociception. The rat paw 1% formalin test was used to assess nociception and antinociception. Rats were treated with local peripheral administration of citral (10–100 µg/paw). The antinociception of citral (100 µg/paw) was evaluated with and without the local pretreatment of naloxone, NG-L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a NO synthesis inhibitor), 1H-(1,2,4)-oxadiazolo(4,2-a)quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), metformin, opioid receptors antagonists, and K+ channel blockers. Injection of citral in the rat paw significantly decreased the nociceptive effect of formalin administration during the two phases of the test. Local pretreatment of the paws with L-NAME and ODQ did not reduced the citral-induced antinociception. Glipizide or glibenclamide (Kir6.1-2; ATP-sensitive K+ channel blockers), tetraethylammonium or 4-aminopyridine (KV; voltage-gated K+ channel blockers), charybdotoxin (KCa1.1; big conductance calcium-activated K+ channel blocker), apamin (KCa2.1-3; small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel antagonist), or metformin, but not the opioid antagonists, reduced the antinociception of citral. Citral produced peripheral antinociception during both phases of the formalin test. These effects were due to the activation of K+ channels and a biguanide-dependent mechanism.