bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grundlagen zur Sprachbildung in der Lehramtsausbildung Mathematik
Authors: Schacht Florian , Guckelsberger Susanne 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungIm ersten Kapitel werden zunächst Rahmenbedingungen und Grundlagen für eine universitäre Lehramtsausbildung Mathematik vorgestellt, in der Fragen fachlichen und sprachlichen Lernens systematisch aufeinander bezogen werden. Wir sprechen in diesem Zusammenhang kurz von „sprachbewusster Hochschullehre“. In Abschn. 1.1 wird die Notwendigkeit einer fachspezifischen Vorbereitung von Studierenden auf die Umsetzung von Sprachbildung im Unterricht begründet. In Abschn. 1.2 werden die theoretischen Orientierungen für das Buch dargelegt: In Abschn. 1.2.1 werden zunächst Leitideen zur Verortung von Sprache und Fach in der Lehramtsausbildung Mathematik formuliert, an denen sich die Inhalte der Lehrveranstaltungen orientieren. In Abschn. 1.2.2 werden hochschuldidaktische Design-Prinzipien begründet, die für die praktische Gestaltung der Hochschullehre zentral sind. Abschließend wird in Abschn. 1.3 ein Seminarkonzept konkretisiert und curricular verortet, das der beschriebenen Konzeption für eine sprachbewusste Hochschullehre zugrunde liegt.
$$ \mathfrak{gl} $$N Higgsed networks
Authors: Zenkevich Yegor 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We generalize the framework of Higgsed networks of intertwiners to the quantum toroidal algebra associated to Lie algebra $$ \mathfrak{gl} $$
gl
N. Using our formalism we obtain a systems of screening operators corresponding to W-algebras associated to toric strip geometries and reproduce partition functions of 3d theories on orbifolded backgrounds.
Use of halo fixation therapy for traumatic cranio-cervical instability in children: a systematic review
Authors: Banat Mohammed , Vychopen Martin , Wach Johannes , Salemdawod Abdallah , Scorzin Jasmin , Vatter Hartmut 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTraumatic cranio-cervical instability in childhood is rare and constitutes a challenge for the treating surgeon. The aim of therapy is to restore cervical stability without limiting the range of motion. The goal of this systematic review was to find out whether, over the last 10 years, halo fixation (HF) could still be considered a successful treatment option without major risks or complications.MethodsWe analyzed studies describing the use of HF in traumatic injuries of the cranio-cervical junction in children under the age of 17. Searches were performed in PubMed, MEDLINE and Embase databases for the years from 2010 to 2020. The general success rate, the success rate related to underlying pathologies, and complication rates were evaluated.ResultsThe main indications for HF range from pre-surgical correction to postoperative fusion support. C2 is the most frequently injured vertebra in children. The overall success rate of HF was very high. Evaluation according to the underlying pathology showed that, except for atlanto-occipital dislocation, HF generates high fusion rates among different patient cohorts, mainly in C2 vertebra injuries and atlantoaxial rotatory subluxation. Only minor complications were reported, such as pin infections.ConclusionThe current data show that, when used according to the appropriate indication, HF is an effective conservative treatment option for cranio-cervical instability, associated with only minor complications.
A nationwide survey on clinical neurophysiology education in Italian schools of specialization in neurology
Authors: Bocci Tommaso , Campiglio Laura , Silani Vincenzo , Berardelli Alfredo , Priori Alberto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction

Clinical neurophysiology deals with nervous system functions assessed with electrophysiological and ultrasound-based imaging techniques. Even though the need for highly specialized neurophysiologists has increased, residency training rarely takes today’s requirements into account. This study aimed to snapshot the neurophysiological training provided by Italian specialization schools in neurology.

Methods
A single-page web-based survey comprising 13 multiple-choice categorical and interval scale questions was sent via e-mail to neurology specialization school directors. The survey addressed the programs’ structural neurophysiology organization, time dedicated to each clinical neurophysiology subspecialty, and descriptors assessing the discipline’s importance (e.g., residents who attempted residential courses, gained certifications, or awards gained).

Results
The most studied neurophysiological techniques were electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG). Most specialization schools devoted less than 3 months each to multimodal evoked potentials (EPs), ultrasound sonography (US), and intra-operative monitoring. Of the 35 specialization schools surveyed, 77.1% reported that four students, or fewer, participated in the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology Examination in Neurophysiology. Of the 35 specialization centers surveyed, 11.4% declared that the final evaluation required students to discuss a neurophysiological test.

Discussion
Our survey underlined the poorly standardized technical requirements in postgraduate neurology specialization schools, wide variability among training programs, and limited training on multi-modal evoked potentials, intraoperative monitoring, and sonography. These findings underline the need to reappraise and improve educational and training standards for clinical neurophysiology during postgraduate specialization schools in neurology with an international perspective.
Multi-constellation single-frequency ionospheric-free precise point positioning with low-cost receivers
Authors: Paziewski Jacek 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe analyze the observation quality, assess the performance and identify the constraints of quadruple-constellation single-frequency ionospheric-free precise point positioning (SF-IF PPP) with low-cost receivers. It is revealed that low-cost receivers with patch antennas exhibit lower C/N0 records and a weaker elevation dependence of C/N0 than the high-grade equipment. The results demonstrate that low-cost receivers can offer code measurements with similar noise compared to high-grade receivers providing that the multipath effect is eliminated. Regarding positioning performance, it is shown how SF-IF PPP for the high-grade receiver converges approximately two times faster than for the low-cost receiver with a patch antenna. It is confirmed that an application of a survey-grade antenna instead of the patch one noticeably enhances the performance of low-cost receiver SF-IF PPP. The study also reveals that the multipath effect is a dominant factor that constrains the performance of SF-IF PPP with low-cost receivers.
Numerical model for the dynamic and seismic analysis of pile-supported structures with a meshless integral representation of the layered soil
Authors: Álamo Guillermo M. , Padrón Luis A. , Aznárez Juan J. , Maeso Orlando 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a three–dimensional linear numerical model for the dynamic and seismic analysis of pile-supported structures that allows to represent simultaneously the structures, pile foundations, soil profile and incident seismic waves and that, therefore, takes directly into account structure–pile–soil interaction. The use of advanced Green’s functions to model the dynamic behaviour of layered soils, not only leads to a very compact representation of the problem and a simplification in the preparation of the data files (no meshes are needed for the soil), but also allows to take into account arbitrarily complex soil profiles and problems with large numbers of elements. The seismic excitation is implemented as incident planar body waves (P or S) propagating through the layered soil from an infinitely–distant source and impinging on the site with any generic angle of incidence. The response of the system is evaluated in the frequency domain, and seismic results in time domain are then obtained using the frequency–domain method through the use of the Fast Fourier Transform. An application example using a pile-supported structure is presented in order to illustrate the capabilities of the model. Piles and columns are modelled through Timoshenko beam elements, and slabs, pile caps and shear walls are modelled using shell finite elements, so that the real flexibility of all elements can be rigorously taken into account. This example is also used to explore the influence of soil profile and angle of incidence on different variables of interest in earthquake engineering.
Phenomenal Holism and Cognitive Phenomenology
Authors: Fürst Martina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe cognitive phenomenology debate centers on two questions. (1) What is an apt characterization of the phenomenology of conscious thought? And (2), what role does this phenomenology play? I argue that the answers to the former question bear significantly on the answers to the latter question. In particular, I show that conservatism about cognitive phenomenology is not compatible with the view that phenomenology explains the constitution of conscious thought. I proceed as follows: To begin with, I analyze the phenomenology of our sensory experiences and argue for a weak phenomenal holism (WPH) about sensory phenomenology. Next, I explore how WPH can be integrated into the competing accounts of cognitive phenomenology. I argue that, given WPH, conservatism turns out to reduce phenomenal character to a merely concomitant phenomenon that has no explanatory power when it comes to the constitution of conscious thoughts. In contrast, liberalism is explanatorily more powerful in this respect. Finally, I propose a new version of liberalism that explains how phenomenology constitutes conscious thoughts and fits best with WPH.
CURA—An Ethics Support Instrument for Nurses in Palliative Care. Feasibility and First Perceived Outcomes
Authors: van Schaik Malene Vera , Pasman H. Roeline , Widdershoven Guy , Molewijk Bert , Metselaar Suzanne 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEvaluating the feasibility and first perceived outcomes of a newly developed clinical ethics support instrument called CURA. This instrument is tailored to the needs of nurses that provide palliative care and is intended to foster both moral competences and moral resilience. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional evaluation study. Respondents consisted of nurses and nurse assistants (n = 97) following a continuing education program (course participants) and colleagues of these course participants (n = 124). Two questionnaires with five-point Likert scales were used. The feasibility questionnaire was given to all respondents, the perceived outcomes questionnaire only to the course participants. Data collection took place over a period of six months. Respondents were predominantly positive on most items of the feasibility questionnaire. The steps of CURA are clearly described (84% of course participants agreed or strongly agreed, 94% of colleagues) and easy to apply (78–87%). The perceived outcomes showed that CURA helped respondents to reflect on moral challenges (71% (strongly) agreed), in perspective taking (67%), with being aware of moral challenges (63%) and in dealing with moral distress (54%). Respondents did experience organizational barriers: only half of the respondents (strongly) agreed that they could easily find time for using CURA. CURA is a feasible instrument for nurses and nurse assistants providing palliative care. However, reported difficulties in organizing and making time for reflections with CURA indicate organizational preconditions ought to be met in order to implement CURA in daily practice. Furthermore, these results indicate that CURA helps to build moral competences and fosters moral resilience.
Indicators for Sanitation Quality in Low-Income Urban Settlements: Evidence from Kenya, Ghana, and Bangladesh
Authors: Meili Dario , Schelbert Vasco , Alam Mahbub-Ul , Antwi-Agyei Prince , Simiyu Sheillah , Adjei Kwaku Amaning , Dwumfour-Asare Bismark , Rahman Mahbubur , Lüthi Christoph , Günther Isabel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn recent years, shared facilities have contributed substantially to increased access to sanitation in urban areas. While shared sanitation is often the only viable option in densely-populated, low-income urban areas, it is currently considered a “limited" solution by the international community. In this paper, we analyze the conditions under which shared sanitation could be considered of adequate quality and propose a set of indicators associated with sanitation quality to be included in national household surveys. We conducted a survey with 3600 households and 2026 observational spot-checks of shared and individual household toilets in Kisumu (Kenya), Kumasi (Ghana), and Dhaka (Bangladesh). We develop a composite sanitation quality outcome measure based on observational data. Using regression analysis, we identify self-reported indicators that correlate with the spot-checked composite measure and are, therefore, robust with regard to reporting bias. Results show that (pour-) flush toilets are a highly informative indicator for sanitation quality compared to other toilet technologies. In contrast to previous arguments and depending on the context, sharing a toilet has a comparatively lower correlation with sanitation quality. Toilets still show good quality if shared among only 2–3 households. Toilet location and lighting, as well as the presence of a lockable door, are equally strong indicators for sanitation quality and could serve as alternative indicators. The findings suggest that the sanitation service levels defined by the WHO and UNICEF might be reconsidered to better capture the quality of sanitation facilities in low-income urban settlements.
Nitrogen dioxide component of air pollution increases pulmonary congestion assessed by lung ultrasound in patients with chronic coronary syndromes
Authors: Ciampi Quirino , Russo Antonello , D’Alise Caterina , Ballirano Anna , Villari Bruno , Mangia Cristina , Picano Eugenio ,   the Stress Echo 2030 study group of the Italian Society of Echocardiography, Cardiovascular Imaging
Published: December 2021

AbstractPulmonary congestion is an intermediate biomarker and long-term predictor of acute decompensated heart failure.To evaluate the effects of air pollution on pulmonary congestion assessed by lung ultrasound.In a single-center, prospective, observational study design, we enrolled 1292 consecutive patients with chronic coronary syndromes referred for clinically indicated ABCDE-SE, with dipyridamole (n = 1207), dobutamine (n = 84), or treadmill exercise (n = 1). Pulmonary congestion was evaluated with lung ultrasound and a 4-site simplified scan. Same day values of 4 pollutants were obtained on the morning of testing (average of 6 h) from publicly available data sets of the regional authority of environmental protection. Assessment of air pollution included fine (< 2.5 µm diameter) and coarse (< 10 µm) particulate matter (PM), ozone and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).NO2 concentration was weakly correlated with rest (r = .089; p = 0.001) and peak stress B-lines (r = .099; p < 0.001). A multivariable logistic regression analysis, NO2 values above the median (23.1 µg/m3) independently predicted stress B-lines with odds ratio = 1.480 (95% CI 1.118–1.958) together with age, hypertension, diabetes, and reduced (< 50%) ejection fraction. PM2.5 values were higher in 249 patients with compared to those without B-lines (median and IQR, 22.0 [9.1–23.5] vs 17.6 [8.6–22.2] µg/m3, p < 0.001). No other pollutant correlated with other (A-C-D-E) SE steps.Higher concentration of NO2 is associated with more pulmonary congestion mirrored by B-lines at lung ultrasound. Local inflammation mediated by NO2 well within legally allowed limits may increase the permeability of the alveolar-capillary barrier and therefore pulmonary congestion in susceptible subjects.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT030.49995.
Exergy-aided environmental life cycle assessment of propylene oxide production
Authors: Ghannadzadeh Ali , Tarighaleslami Amir Hossein 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Propylene oxide (PO) is one of the useful chemicals that is predicted to experience a compound annual growth rate of 3.9% from 2020 through 2027. The environmental burdens of the current PO production process and its corresponding utility system including power generation system need to be determined quantitatively as a response to increasing demands for its environmentally sustainable production process in the energy transition period from fossil fuels towards renewable energy resources.

Methods
A new methodology is proposed to study the PO production process called exergy-aided environmental life cycle assessment (EELCA), using the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s database known as life cycle inventory (LCI) database. EELCA is dedicated to LCA studies of processes in the energy transition period and is aided by Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) as a tool for discernibility analysis which brings another dimension to the EELCA because MCS was often used to assess uncertainty in LCA studies. EELCA impact categories are classified into two classes: (i) emission-dependent impact categories addressed by ReCiPe and (ii) resource-dependent impact categories covered by cumulative exergy demand (CExD). The alternative energy like bioenergy is evaluated through the stepwise scenarios assisted by MCS, which are employed in openLCA with 10,000 iterations.

Results and discussion
The cumulative exergy depletion of the base scenario is 6.1898 MJ (CExD). The human health and ecosystem impacts are 3.65E-06 DALY and 1.58E-08 species.yr, respectively. Human health-total (2.7E-4 DALY) is the most important category, where the power generation system by residual fuel oil (33.19%) is on top of the list. By analysing statistically discernible scenarios using EELCA, it has been proven that natural gas is not a proper choice for energy mix in the energy transition period. This is because natural gas-based scenarios present more burden compared to residual fuel oil-based scenarios especially regarding human toxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, marine ecotoxicity, terrestrial acidification, and particulate matter formation. This study shows that the reduction in environmental impacts without changes in the production process technology is feasible through implementing bioenergy scenarios.

Conclusions
Having applied successfully EELCA, this study shows that PO production in the present configuration is not sustainable at all. The statistically discernible scenarios regarding energy mix selection help to enhance sustainability of the PO production process. Moreover, by examining the application of CExD along with LCA analysis, it is proved that by using the concept of CExD, we were able to represent the environmental impacts of the entire system with one figure, which tremendously facilitates the calculations in MCS.
Impact of Saturation of Fatty Acids of Phosphatidylcholine and Oil Phase on Properties of β-Lactoglobulin at the Oil/Water Interface
Authors: Heiden-Hecht Theresia , Drusch Stephan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOil in water emulsions are commonly stabilized by emulsifying constituents like proteins and/or low molecular weight emulsifiers. The emulsifying constituents can compete or coexist at the interface. Interfacial properties thus depend on molecular structure of the emulsifying constituents and the oil phase and the resulting molecular interactions. The present study systematically analyzed the impact of fatty acid saturation of triacylglycerides and phosphatidylcholine on the interfacial properties of a β-lactoglobulin-stabilized interface. The long-term adsorption behaviour and the viscoelasticity of β-lactoglobulin-films were analyzed with or without addition of phosphatidylcholine via drop tensiometry and dilatational rheology. Results from the present study showed that increasing similarity in fatty acid saturation and thus interaction of phosphatidylcholine and oil phase increased the interfacial tension for the phosphatidylcholine alone or in combination with β-lactoglobulin. The characteristics and stability of interfacial films with β-lactoglobulin-phosphatidylcholine are further affected by interfacial adsorption during changes in interfacial area and crystallization events of low molecular weight emulsifiers. This knowledge gives guidance for improving physical stability of protein-based emulsions in foods and related areas.
Graphic abstract
Statistical influence of travelling distance on home advantage over 57 years in the men’s German first soccer division
Authors: Beckmann Nils 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA statistical analysis is presented that investigates the dependence of team cities’ geographical distances on the effect of home advantage (HA) for 57 years of the men’s German first soccer division (“Bundesliga”), including 17,376 matches (seasons starting from 1964 to 2020). The data shows that the HA can clearly be evidenced in the past and present (statistical p‑value < 0.01) and that it also exists for negligible distances (p < 0.01). The HA and the influence of distance on the HA both significantly decreased gradually over the last decades (p < 0.01). For the first and only time, the HA reversed into an away advantage (AA) for the season 2019/2020 (p < 0.01). The influence of distance on HA has been significant (p < 0.01) in the past (before about 1990) and contributed roughly by about half, compared to a situation without HA or AA. It increases with distance and saturates at around 100 km. Such saturation behaviour is in line with results from higher divisions of other countries with similar travelling distances such as Italy, Turkey and England. However, the distance-dependent contribution to HA has been approximately halved and reduced to an insignificant amount today. Furthermore, the temporal HA reduction is significantly larger for large distances compared to short distances (p < 0.01). Reporting and quantifying a reduction (p < 0.01) of the distance-dependent contribution to HA over a time span of 57 years is novel.
Genotypic variation in cardinal temperatures and thermal time for germination and seedling emergence of pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan [L.] Millsp.)
Authors: Mahendraraj Sabampillai , Collins Marisa , Chauhan Yash , Mellor Vincent , Rachaputi Rao C. N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, we define the cardinal temperatures and thermal time for germination and emergence of pigeonpea genotypes. Seeds of six genotypes were subjected to constant temperatures ranging between 5 and 50°C in petri dishes with filter paper (germination) and with media (emergence) were placed in a thermal gradient plate. A nonlinear bent-stick model fitted to the rate of development to germination and emergence resulted in parameters predicting cardinal temperatures including base (Tb), optimum (To), maximum (Tm), and thermal time. Estimated Tb for 50% germination and emergence were 8.4 and 10.8°C, respectively, with no significant differences between genotypes. Optimum temperatures were 33.8 and 37.9°C for germination and emergence, respectively, with genotypes differing significantly. Thermal time for 50% germination and emergence varied significantly among genotypes. The results suggest that genotypic responses to the temperature are typical for their tropical origin and hence their suitability for cropping in summer dominant rainfall regions insubtropical Australia.