bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anxiety, social support and satisfaction of patients’ families in intensive care units: A descriptive‐correlational study
Authors: Avcı Miyase , Ayaz‐Alkaya Sultan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAims & objectivesThis study was conducted with family members of patients’ in the intensive care unit (ICU) to identify their anxiety level, social support and satisfaction with the ICU.BackgroundAdmission of critical patients to the ICU usually involves the participation of family members.DesignA descriptive‐correlational design was used and reported according to the STROBE checklist.MethodsThe sample consisted of 250 family members in ICUs in a city of Turkey. Data were collected by the Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Family Satisfaction in the Intensive Care Unit scale.ResultsA negative correlation was found between family satisfaction of the ICU and state anxiety (r = −0.349, p < 0.001), and a negative relationship between the satisfaction of the ICU and trait anxiety of the participants (r = −0.151, p < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between the state anxiety level (Adjusted R² = 0.080, F = 8.247, p < 0.001), trait anxiety level (Adjusted R² = 0.185, F = 19.821, p < 0.001), the perceived social support (Adjusted R² = 0.094, F = 9.640, p < 0.001) and satisfaction (Adjusted R² = 0.013, F = 4.161, p < 0.001) of family members and their sociodemographic characteristics.ConclusionsThe study concluded that anxiety levels of relatives of the families were high, their social support and satisfaction with the intensive care unit were at a moderate level. There was a correlation between anxiety levels, satisfaction with the intensive care unit, and the perceived social support of families.Relevance to clinical practiceHolistic care for the psychosocial needs of families who have a member in the ICU should be planned to increase satisfaction. Nurses should observe families closely for anxiety, allow them to ask questions and include them in the care of their family member.
Unexpected post‐glacial colonisation route explains the white colour of barn owls (Tyto alba) from the British Isles
Authors: Machado Ana Paula , Cumer Tristan , Iseli Christian , Beaudoing Emmanuel , Ducrest Anne‐Lyse , Dupasquier Melanie , Guex Nicolas , Dichmann Klaus , Lourenço Rui , Lusby John , Martens Hans‐Dieter , Prévost Laure , Ramsden David , Roulin Alexandre , Goudet Jérôme 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe climate fluctuations of the Quaternary shaped the movement of species in and out of glacial refugia. In Europe, the majority of species followed one of the described traditional postglacial recolonization routes from the southern peninsulas towards the north. Like most organisms, barn owls are assumed to have colonized the British Isles by crossing over Doggerland, a land bridge that connected Britain to northern Europe. However, while they are dark rufous in northern Europe, barn owls in the British Isles are conspicuously white, a contrast that could suggest selective forces are at play on the islands. Yet, our analysis of known candidate genes involved in coloration found no signature of selection. Instead, using whole genome sequences and species distribution modelling, we found that owls colonised the British Isles soon after the last glaciation, directly from a white coloured refugium in the Iberian Peninsula, before colonising northern Europe. They would have followed a hitherto unknown post‐glacial colonization route to the Isles over a westwards path of suitable habitat in now submerged land in the Bay of Biscay, thus not crossing Doggerland. As such, they inherited the white colour of their Iberian founders and maintained it through low gene flow with the mainland that prevents the import of rufous alleles. Thus, we contend that neutral processes probably explain this contrasting white colour compared to continental owls. With the barn owl being a top predator, we expect future research will show this unanticipated route was used by other species from its paleo community.
Identification and characterization of Sr22b, a new allele of the wheat stem rust resistance gene Sr22 effective against the Ug99 race group
Authors: Luo Jing , Rouse Matthew N. , Hua Lei , Li Hongna , Li Boshu , Li Tianya , Zhang Wenjun , Gao Caixia , Wang Yanpeng , Dubcovsky Jorge , Chen Shisheng 
Published: October 2021

SummaryWheat stem (or black) rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), has been historically among the most devastating global fungal diseases of wheat. The recent occurrence and spread of new virulent races such as Ug99 have prompted global efforts to identify and isolate more effective stem rust resistance (Sr) genes. Here, we report the map‐based cloning of the Ug99‐effective SrTm5 gene from diploid wheat Triticum monococcum accession PI 306540 that encodes a typical coiled‐coil nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat protein. This gene, designated as Sr22b, is a new allele of Sr22 with a rare insertion of a large (13.8‐kb) retrotransposon into its second intron. Biolistic transformation of an ~112‐kb circular bacterial artificial chromosome plasmid carrying Sr22b into the susceptible wheat variety Fielder was sufficient to confer resistance to stem rust. In a survey of 168 wheat genotypes, Sr22b was present only in cultivated T. monococcum subsp. monococcum accessions but absent in all tested tetraploid and hexaploid wheat lines. We developed a diagnostic molecular marker for Sr22b and successfully introgressed a T. monococcum chromosome segment containing this gene into hexaploid wheat to accelerate its deployment and pyramiding with other Sr genes in wheat breeding programmes. Sr22b can be a valuable component of gene pyramids or transgenic cassettes combining different resistance genes to control this devastating disease.
Vehicle Tire Traction Torque Estimation Using a Dual Extended Kalman Filter
Authors: Wei Wenpeng , Dourra Hussein , Zhu Guoming 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Vehicle tire traction torque, heavily dependent on vehicle speed and tire stiffness, is critical for improving vehicle traction performance. However, due to the limitation of existing technology and sensor cost, it becomes rather expensive to accurately measure the vehicle tire traction torque and/or other vehicle variables directly. This paper proposes to estimate the tire traction torque by estimating vehicle speed (vehicle state) and tire stiffness simultaneously based on a few available low-cost measurements from any production vehicle. Specifically, the tire and full vehicle dynamics are considered to form a unified traction torque estimation model under various vehicle operational conditions. Estimation of vehicle speed and tire stiffness is formulated into a dual-estimation problem of system states and parameters. A recursive real-time implementable solution for the dual-estimation problem is realized with the help of dual extended Kalman filter (DEKF) algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm under different vehicle operating conditions is validated by comparing the estimated results with directly measured ones as well as those from existing estimation approaches. It is found that for a 4-wheel driving vehicle, under clutch overtaken condition, for the best case, the absolute mean square error (ASME) improves by around 20 Nm, and the relative mean square error (RMSE) reduces 12%; and under clutch slip condition, the absolute mean square error improves by around 40 Nm, and the RMSE reduces 6%.
Reduced health-related quality of life in children born extremely preterm in 2006 compared with 1995: the EPICure Studies
Authors: Ni Yanyan , Johnson Samantha , Marlow Neil , Wolke Dieter 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveTo compare health-related quality of life (HRQL) in childhood for extremely preterm (EP) births before 26 weeks of gestation in England in two eras: 1995 and 2006.DesignProspective cohort studies.SettingSchool or home-based assessments at 11 years of age.ParticipantsAvailable data for 88 EP children born before 26 weeks of gestation in 2006 (EPICure2) were compared with those of 140 born in England during 1995 (EPICure). To account for social secular trends, the comparison between eras was also made for term-born controls as reference.Main outcome measuresHRQL was measured using the parent-completed Health Utilities Index (HUI) questionnaire with utility scores calculated using the HUI3 classification system. Eight attributes were assessed: vision, hearing, speech, ambulation, dexterity, emotion, cognition and pain.ResultsAt 11 years, mean utility scores were significantly lower in EPICure2 (2006) than in EPICure (1995; Δ −0.12, 95% CI −0.20 to –0.04). The difference increased (Δ −0.27, 95% CI −0.41 to –0.12) after adjusting for significant perinatal and demographic differences between cohorts. Rates of suboptimal function were increased in EPICure2 for all eight attributes, but statistically significant differences were only found in speech (p=0.004) and dexterity (p=0.020). After excluding children with severe neurodevelopmental impairment, the adjusted difference between cohorts remained significant but attenuated (−0.14 (−0.26 to –0.01)). Mean utility scores for controls were similar between cohorts (Δ −0.01 (−0.04 to 0.02)).ConclusionsUsing parent report, there was a clinically significant decline in HRQL ratings for EP children over time. Areas contributing the most to the decline were speech and dexterity.Trial registration numberISRCTN86323684.
Ultra-fast Cu-based A3-coupling catalysts: faceted Cu2O microcrystals as efficient catalyst-delivery systems in batch and flow conditions
Authors: Bao Huizhi , Li Alain Y. , Kairouz Vanessa , Moores Audrey 
Published: October 2021

Cu(I) catalysts were studied for the synthesis of a propargylamine via A3-coupling of aldehyde, amine, and alkyne, under solvent-free and low loading conditions, using batch microwave or flow thermal heating. We explored ultra-low loading conditions with Cu(I) salts as fast and active catalysts featuring turnover frequencies (TOFs) above 105 h−1. Well-defined octahedral and cubic Cu2O microcrystals were also successfully applied and compared with this reaction. Both types of microcrystals exhibited excellent catalytic activities within minutes, via in situ generation of low dose of Cu(I) ions within the reaction medium, to achieve TON beyond 2000 and recycling up to 10 times in a flow reactor. The study of the catalytic system demonstrated that the activity was surface-structure dependent and allowed for the design of low Cu contamination A3-coupling systems, affording a product at the decigram scale, with Cu contamination below FDA recommendations for drug synthesis, without the need for a purification procedure.
Schedule 1 barriers to research in the UK: An in-depth qualitative analysis
Authors: Howard Annie , Neill Joanna C , Schlag Anne Katrin , Lennox Charlotte 
Published: October 2021

Background There is increasing research to suggest that certain Schedule 1 drugs, most notably psychedelics, can be effective in treating a range of mental health disorders. However, due to several practical, financial, and bureaucratic barriers, there is a lack of large-scale trials into their efficacy. This study aimed to explore the barriers, and any facilitators, to undertaking Schedule 1 research through examining the different positions Schedule 1 and other controlled drug researchers place themselves in, and the impact this has on their experiences. Method Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 participants. Eight Schedule 1 researchers and four researchers who conduct other controlled drug research. Participants were recruited via purposive and snowball sampling. Interview questions explored how participants’ experiences of controlled drug research were impacted by scheduling laws, and how they might differ from the other group. Results Using discourse analysis, four themes were identified. Three themes differentiated the two groups of researchers and their positions ( differential burden of duties, the importance of privileges, and motivations); the differential burden of duties acted as a barrier to non-Schedule 1 researchers, whereas Schedule 1 researchers were better able to deal with this burden due to higher levels of motivation and more privileges (facilitating Schedule 1 research). One theme suggested solidarity between the groups; others acted as barriers to Schedule 1 research, with government officials preventing changes to drug legislation, and those lacking scientific understanding being discriminatory, causing difficulties getting Schedule 1 projects started. Conclusion Findings highlight the challenges that Schedule 1 researchers are currently facing and suggest that the government should commission an urgent review into this by the Advisory Council on the Misuse on the Misuse of Drugs to make Schedule 1 research process smoother and more accessible. For example, reducing the barriers to research of Schedule 1 substances so as to be in line with the regulations controlling those in Schedule 2.
Do Injury Rates in Position Players Who Convert to Pitchers in Professional Baseball Differ From Players Who Have Always Been Pitchers?
Authors: Erickson Brandon J. , Chalmers Peter N. , D’Angelo John , Ma Kevin , Rowe Dana , Ahmad Christopher S. 
Published: October 2021

Background: There are some professional baseball players who begin their career as a position player and later convert to a pitcher; injury rates in these players are unknown. Purpose: To compare injury rates of professional baseball players who started their career as position players and converted to pitchers with a control group of pitchers who have been only pitchers throughout their professional career. Hypothesis: Injury rates would be lower in the conversion players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: All players who began their professional baseball career as position players and converted to pitchers between 2011 and 2018 were included. All injuries that occurred after they converted to pitchers were included. The conversion players were matched 1 to 1 with a control group of pitchers who entered professional baseball as pitchers and never changed position. Injury rates were compared between groups. The performance between groups was also compared. Results: Overall, 221 players were identified who converted from position players to pitchers. There were significantly more injuries per year in the control pitcher group (0.8 ± 0.9) than in the conversion pitcher group (0.7 ± 0.9; P = .015). Injuries in the control group resulted in 61 ± 112 days missed per injury, while injuries in the conversion player group resulted in 54 ± 102 days missed per injury ( P = .894). Injury characteristics differed between groups. However, in both groups, most of the injuries were related to pitching or throwing, were noncontact or gradual overuse injuries, and involved the upper extremity. Converted pitchers had lower pitcher usage, with fewer games and innings pitched ( P < .001), with significantly worse statistics for walks plus hits per inning pitched ( P = .018). Conclusion: Professional baseball players who convert from position players to pitchers are injured at lower rates than control pitchers. Conversion pitchers have lower pitcher usage, which may contribute to their reduced injury rates.
Two novel high-risk adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia subtypes with high expression of CDX2 and IDH1/2 mutations
Authors: Yasuda Takahiko , Sanada Masashi , Kawazu Masahito , Kojima Shinya , Tsuzuki Shinobu , Ueno Hiroo , Iwamoto Eisuke , Iijima-Yamashita Yuka , Yamada Tomomi , Kanamori Takashi , Nishimura Rieko , Kuwatsuka Yachiyo , Takada Satoru , Tanaka Masatsugu , Ota Shuichi , Dobashi Nobuaki , Yamazaki Etsuko , Hirose Asao , Murayama Tohru , Sumi Masahiko , Sato Shinya , Tange Naoyuki , Nakamura Yukinori , Katsuoka Yuna , Sakaida Emiko , Kawamata Toyotaka , Iida Hiroatsu , Shiraishi Yuichi , Nannya Yasuhito , Ogawa Seishi , Taniwaki Masafumi , Asou Norio , Hatta Yoshihiro , Kiyoi Hitoshi , Matsumura Itaru , Horibe Keizo , Mano Hiroyuki , Naoe Tomoki , Miyazaki Yasushi , Hayakawa Fumihiko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The genetic basis of leukemogenesis in adults with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is largely unclear, and its clinical outcome remains unsatisfactory. This study aimed to advance the understanding of biological characteristics, improve disease stratification, and identify molecular targets of adult B-ALL. Adolescents and young adults (AYA) (15 to 39 years old, n = 193) and adults (40 to 64 years old, n = 161) with Philadelphia chromosome-negative (Ph−) B-ALL were included in this study. Integrated transcriptomic and genetic analyses were used to classify the cohort into defined subtypes. Of the 323 cases included in the RNA sequencing analysis, 278 (86.1%) were classified into 18 subtypes. The ZNF384 subtype (22.6%) was the most prevalent, with 2 novel subtypes (CDX2-high and IDH1/2-mut) identified among cases not assigned to the established subtypes. The CDX2-high subtype (3.4%) was characterized by high expression of CDX2 and recurrent gain of chromosome 1q. The IDH1/2-mut subtype (1.9%) was defined by IDH1 R132C or IDH2 R140Q mutations with specific transcriptional and high-methylation profiles. Both subtypes showed poor prognosis and were considered inferior prognostic factors independent of clinical parameters. Comparison with a previously reported pediatric B-ALL cohort (n = 1003) showed that the frequencies of these subtypes were significantly higher in AYA/adults than in children. We delineated the genetic and transcriptomic landscape of adult B-ALL and identified 2 novel subtypes that predict poor disease outcomes. Our findings highlight the age-dependent distribution of subtypes, which partially accounts for the prognostic differences between adult and pediatric B-ALL.
Identification of distinctive physiological and molecular responses to salt stress among tolerant and sensitive cultivars of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica)
Authors: Chevilly Sergio , Dolz-Edo Laura , Morcillo Luna , Vilagrosa Alberto , López-Nicolás José Manuel , Yenush Lynne , Mulet José M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Salt stress is one of the main constraints determining crop productivity, and therefore one of the main limitations for food production. The aim of this study was to characterize the salt stress response at the physiological and molecular level of different Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica Plenck) cultivars that were previously characterized in field and greenhouse trials as salt sensitive or salt tolerant. This study aimed to identify functional and molecular traits capable of predicting the ability of uncharacterized lines to cope with salt stress. For this purpose, this study measured different physiological parameters, hormones and metabolites under control and salt stress conditions.

Results
This study found significant differences among cultivars for stomatal conductance, transpiration, methionine, proline, threonine, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid and indolacetic acid. Salt tolerant cultivars were shown to accumulate less sodium and potassium in leaves and have a lower sodium to potassium ratio under salt stress. Analysis of primary metabolites indicated that salt tolerant cultivars have higher concentrations of several intermediates of the Krebs cycle and the substrates of some anaplerotic reactions.

Conclusions
This study has found that the energetic status of the plant, the sodium extrusion and the proline content are the limiting factors for broccoli tolerance to salt stress. Our results establish physiological and molecular traits useful as distinctive markers to predict salt tolerance in Broccoli or to design novel biotechnological or breeding strategies for improving broccoli tolerance to salt stress.
Effect of kinesio taping on low back pain during pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Xue Xiali , Chen Yan , Mao Xiaorong , Tu Huan , Yang Xinwei , Deng Zhongyi , Li Ning 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Low back pain during pregnancy affects the normal daily activities of pregnant women to a certain extent. Current studies have shown that Kinesio Taping (KT) may be a treatment for low back pain during pregnancy, but there is still a lack of key evidence. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of KT in the treatment of low back pain during pregnancy.

Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase, Wanfang Data, CNKI, and VIP databases were searched to collect randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of the efficacy of KT intervention on low back pain in women during pregnancy. The retrieval time limit is from the establishment of the database to April 2021. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software.

Results
A total of 7 RCTs were included, including 444 patients. Meta-analysis results showed that: Compared with the control group, KT intervention could significantly improve low back pain and dysfunction, VAS score (− 1.62, 95%CI − 2.08 to − 1.16, P < 0.00001, I2 = 77%), RMDQ score (− 1.00, 95%CI − 1.54 to − 0.46, P = 0.0003, I2 = 80%); The results of the meta-analysis of the subgroup showed that compared with the control group, the KT intervention was less than or equal to 1 week, and the waist pain and dysfunction were improved, with statistically significant differences. The difference in the improvement of low back pain was statistically significant after KT intervention for more than 1 week, but there was no statistically significant difference in RMDQ score (− 1.25, 95%CI − 2.66 to 0.15, P = 0.08, I2 =77%). Compared with the control group, KT intervention improved low back pain in the second and third trimesters, and the difference was statistically significant.

Conclusion
KT has a positive effect on the improvement of low back pain during pregnancy, KT intervention can significantly improve pregnant women’s low back pain and dysfunction problems, improve the quality of life. It is suggested that future research should focus on the prevention and treatment of low back pain during pregnancy to provide more research data for improving women’s health.