bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uso da Técnica Wavelet para Análise da Concentração de CO2 no Solo
Authors: César dos Santos Alex , Tatiana Vilani Maricéia , Sanches Luciana , De Musis Carlo Ralph 
Published: May 2021

O bioma do Pantanal e a conservação de seus recursos naturais têm sido o foco de muitas discussões, tanto na comunidade científica como entre as autoridades governamentais. O crescente aumento da temperatura média, e a diminuição do regime de chuvas, surgem como um dos temas mais evidenciados por pesquisadores da área. Entre as variáveis estudadas na região do bioma pantanteiro, uma das mais importantes é a concentração de CO2 que adquire um grande valor em função de sua relação com as mudanças climáticas no Planeta. Para entender melhor o complexo bioma do Pantanal se faz necessária a utilização de diferentes métodos de análise, como as Transformadas de Wavelets, que demonstram as variações locais de potência dentro da série. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo utilizar a análise de Wavelets de Morlet nas medidas de concentração de CO2 do solo, em área do cerrado no Norte do Pantanal Mato-grossense. Através da relação entre tempo e frequência que se analisa o espectro de energia dos períodos sazonais do Pantanal. Sendo assim, foi possível verificar por meio das análises de sinal e espectros de energia, que as estações de estiagem e vazante apresentaram predominância da concentração de CO2, em que as Wavelets simuladas no software do Matlab, tornaram-se satisfatórios.

Palavras-chave: Séries Temporais. Wavelet de Morlet, Modelagem Ambiental

Abstract
The Pantanal biome and the conservation of its natural resources has been the focus of many discussions, both in the scientific community and among government authorities. The increasing increase in average temperature, and the decrease in the rainfall regime, is one of the most highlighted themes by researchers in the area. Among the variables studied in the Pantanal biome region, one of the most important is the CO2 concentration that acquires a great value due to its relationship with climate change on the planet. To better understand the complex Pantanal biome, it is necessary to use different analysis methods, such as the Wavelet Transforms that demonstrate the local power variations within the series. Thus, the present study aimed to use Morlet's Wavelets analysis in measures of the soil CO2 concentration, in a cerrado area in the North of the Pantanal Mato-grossense. Through the relationship between time and frequency the energy spectrum was analyzed of the Pantanal seasonal periods. Thus, it was possible to verify through the signal and energy spectra analysis, that the drought and ebb stations showed a predominance of CO2 concentration, where the wavelets simulated in the Matlab software, became satisfactory.
Keywords: Time Series. Morlet Wavelet. Environmental Modeling
Identificação dos Agrotóxicos Associados ao Desenvolvimento de Linfoma Não-Hodgkin
Authors: Veiga Francisco Luiza Flavia , Da Silva Rogério Nunes , Da Silva Vicente Jefferson Tennesse , Da Silva Pereira Damasceno Lauriany , Mazaro Cangani Tais Regina , Fernandes Vander , Santejo Silveira Henrique César 
Published: May 2021

A agricultura é uma das principais fontes antrópicas relacionadas com a contaminação ambiental. A quantidade de agrotóxicos utilizados nesta produção vem sendo aumentada ao longo dos anos em paralelo com o crescimento populacional. Os resíduos destes produtos contaminam o solo, o ar e a água e, com isso, apresentam risco direto ou indireto para a saúde humana e ambiental. A exposição humana aguda e crônica a estes compostos está relacionada com diversos efeitos negativos à saúde humana. O Linfoma não-Hodgkin (LNH) é um dos tipos de câncer mais associado com a exposição ocupacional aos agrotóxicos. De acordo com o levantamento de estudos realizados, neste trabalho, nos quais associaram a exposição aos agrotóxicos com LNH, 21 agrotóxicos foram identificados como associados com este tipo de câncer. Os agrotóxicos Ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético, Diazinon, Diclorodifeniltricloroetano, Glifosato e Lindano foram os que apareceram em maior frequência nos artigos analisados e a associação destes compostos específicos com o risco aumentado de subtipos de LNH já foi relatada em estudos anteriores. Diante do que abordado, neste trabalho, a realização de estudos, que avaliem os riscos para o desenvolvimento de LNH causados pela exposição aos agrotóxicos se tornam necessários, a fim de contribuir com a prevenção de câncer para as populações expostas.

Palavras-chave: Agricultura. Exposição Ocupacional. Inseticidas. Herbicidas. Câncer. Toxicidade.

Abstract
Agriculture is one of the main human sources related to environmental contamination. The amount of pesticides used in this production has been increasing over the years in parallel with the increase of population. The residues of these products contaminate the soil, air and water and, therefore, present a direct or indirect risk to human and environmental health. Acute and chronic human exposure to these compounds is related to several negative effects on human health, such as the development of cancer. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is one of the types of cancer most associated with occupational exposure to pesticides. According to studies collected in this work, in which they associated exposure to pesticides with NHL, 21 pesticides were identified as associated with this type of cancer. The pesticides 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, Diazinon, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, Glyphosate and Lindane were the ones that appeared with higher frequency in the analyzed articles and the association of these specific compounds with the increased risk of NHL subtypes has been reported in previous studies. Given what was addressed in this work, studies that assess the risks to NHL development caused by exposure to pesticides are necessary in order to contribute to cancer prevention in exposed populations.

Keywords: Agriculture. Occupational Exposure. Insecticides. Herbicides. Cancer. Toxicity
Pengaruh Macam Pupuk Organik Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Jagung Manis (Zea mays-saccharata, Start)
Authors: Dewi Sukuriyati Susilo , Isnawan Bambang Heri , Purwana Dwi 
Published: May 2021

A field research to observe the effect of kinds of organic manure and on growth and yield of sweet corn was done in Danguran village, Klaten Regency of Midle Java. The research was conducted during August to October 2003. The field experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications. The kinds of organic manure treatment consisted of 5 levels which are: no farm manure (PKO), chicken farm manure (PKl), vermicompost or Kascing (PK2), cow farm manure A (PK3), and cow farm manure-B (PK4). Each organic matter given was 10 ton /ha. The result showed that the chicken farm manure gave the significantly higher growth and yield of sweet corn than the others. The average sweet corn yield obtained in this research was 16,2 ton/ha.
Pengaruh Inokulasi Rhizobium-CMA Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Dua Varietas Kedelai Pada Tanah Entisol
Authors: Utari Lilik , Isnawan Bambang Heri , Khusna Farida 
Published: May 2021

A research to observe the influence of Rhizobium and Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhyzae inoculation on growth and yield of Edamame and Wilis varieties of soybeans in Entisol soil. The research was conducted in the green house of Agriculture Faculty, Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta, from June to September 2003. The field experiment was arranged in 4x2 factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. The first factor was inoculation treatment which contains four levels consisted of: (1) without inoculation; (2) Rhizobium inoculation; (3) VAM inoculation and (4) Rhizobium-VAM inoculation. The second factor was the kind of varieties namely Edamame and Wilis. There were 24 research units which contain 12 polybags of each unit. The result of this research showed that there was no interaction between inoculation treatments and kinds of varieties to all of parameters, except the percentage of mycorrhizae infection. Inoculation of Rhizobium and VAM significantly increased the growth and yield of Wilis variety. The 100 grains weight of Edamame variety was 23.21 g and Wilis variety was 7.49 g. Inoculation of Rhizobium on Wilis variety was more compatible than Edamame. Endogenus VAM application on Edamame variety was more compatible than VAM isolates inoculation.
Idea państwa wolnego, suwerennego i niepodległego – fenomen przemian czasów Sejmu Czteroletniego?
Authors: Rolnik Dariusz 
Published: May 2021

Czasy stanisławowskie przyniosły refleksję obywateli nad istotą Rzeczypospolitej, ta zaś doprowadziła do próby jej reformowania w czasach Sejmu Wielkiego. Proces ten w swej warstwie powierzchniowej jest znany, jednak jak dokładnie on przebiegał, nie wiemy. Z pewnością tym, co skłaniało współczesnych do refleksji, były nieszczęścia, które spadły na państwo polsko-‑litewskie. Można je różnie definiować i wskazywać na większą lub mniejszą rolę w tym procesie „odradzania narodu”. Aby jednak zmiana nastąpiła, musiało dojść do upowszechnienia takiego toku myślenia i to zagadnienie wydaje się kluczowe do tego, by zrozumieć istotę czasów stanisławowskich. Można zgodzić się z tezą, że zaczyn dobrego zrodził się w głowach ówczesnych elit, w tym również Stanisława Augusta. Jednak idee naprawy państwa, by mogły się zmaterializować, musiała przejąć inna siła, wydaje się, że była nią średnia szlachta. To oczywiście hipoteza i jej potwierdzenie wymaga jeszcze wielu badań, ale wiele wskazuje, że to ona doprowadziła nie tyle do uchwalenia Konstytucji 3 maja, ile do sytuacji, w której większość narodu szlacheckiego była gotowa ją zaakceptować. Sugeruję, że zdecydowała o tym zmiana myślenia elit szlacheckich o roli państwa, czemu towarzyszyła przemiana hierarchii wartości wewnętrznych ważnych w życiu społeczeństwa (co bynajmniej nie oznaczało porzucenia idei republikańskich). Ta ostatnia kwestia jest trudna do definiowania, w sferze tej źródła mają bardzo często charakter deklaratywny – np. wartość przysiąg, oświadczenia poświęcenia dla ojczyzny – trzeba je więc konfrontować z konkretnymi zachowaniami obywateli i dopiero na podstawie otrzymanych wyników starać się o ogólniejsze wnioski.
Measuring depression and anxiety prevalence among Iraqi healthcare college students using hospital anxiety and depression scale
Authors: Kathem Sarmed H. , Al Jumaili Ali A. , Noor-Aldeen Malak , Najah Noor , Ali Khalid Dema 
Published: May 2021

Objective: The study aimed to 1) measure the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Iraqi pharmacy and medical students at a number of universities in Baghdad using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and 2) investigate the association between various sociodemographic factors and students’ HADS scores.
Methods: This study was based on a cross-sectional descriptive design in four universities in Baghdad, Iraq. Depression and anxiety were screened using an Arabic version of the HADS. An online survey was administered via Qualtrics to convenience samples of students at four colleges of pharmacy and a college of medicine between March and June 2018. Multiple linear regression was used to identify factors associated with depression and anxiety symptoms among the participants.
Results: The researchers received 750 usable surveys. The participating students spent more time browsing social media (6.64 hours/day) than studying (1.92 hours/day) and exercising (2.83 hours/week). Approximately forty-six percent (45.9%) of the participants had scores that indicated depression symptoms and one-quarter (24.8%) had scores that indicated depression borderline symptoms. More than one-half (52.1%) of the participants had scores that indicated anxiety symptoms, while 20.1% had scores that indicated anxiety borderline symptoms. According to the multiple linear regression analysis, more depression and anxiety symptoms were significantly (p-value <0.05) associated with higher study hours weekly and lower sleep hours at night, academic achievement, and colleagues and family social support during exams.
Conclusions: Pharmacy and medical students may be vulnerable to depression and anxiety because of long study hours.. To reduce their levels of anxiety and depression, they may need more social support, more exercise, more sleep, less social media use and a lower academic workload.
Base Dependence of Benford Random Variables
Authors: Benford Frank 
Published: May 2021

A random variable X that is base b Benford will not in general be base c Benford when c is not equal to b. This paper builds on two of my earlier papers and is an attempt to cast some light on the issue of base dependence. Following some introductory material, the “Benford spectrum” of a positive random variable is introduced and known analytic results about Benford spectra are summarized. Some standard machinery for a “Benford analysis” is introduced and combined with my method of “seed functions” to yield tools to analyze the base c Benford properties of a base b Benford random variable. Examples are generated by applying these general methods to several families of Benford random variables. Berger and Hill's concept of “base-invariant significant digits” is discussed. Some potential
extensions are sketched.
Lost Hills Solar Project: Powering an Oil and Gas Field with California Sunshine
Authors: Demayo T. N. , Herbert N. K. , Hernandez D. M. , Hendricks J. J. , Velasquez B. , Cappello D. , Creelman I. 
Published: May 2021

Summary
This paper outlines one of the first efforts by a major oil and gas company to build a net-exporting, behind-the-meter solar photovoltaic (PV) plant to lower the operating costs and carbon intensity of a large, mature oil and gas field. The 29 MWAC (35 MWDC) Lost Hills solar plant in Lost Hills, California, USA, commissioned in April 2020, covers approximately 220 acres on land adjacent to the oil field and is designed to provide more than 1.4 TWh of solar energy over 20 years to the field’s oil and gas production and processing facilities. The upgrades to the electrical infrastructure in the field also include new technology to reduce the risk of sulfur hexafluoride emissions, another potent greenhouse gas (GHG).
Before the solar project, the Lost Hills field was importing all its electricity from the grid. With the introduction of the Innovative Crude Program as part of California’s Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) and revisions to the California Public Utilities Commission Net Energy Metering program, Lost Hills was presented with a unique opportunity to reduce its imported electricity expenses and reduce its carbon intensity, while also generating LCFS credits. The solar plant was designed to power the field during the day and export excess power to the grid to help offset nighttime electricity purchases. It operates under a power purchase agreement (PPA) with the solar PV provider and, initially, will meet approximately 80% of the oil field’s energy needs. Future plans include incorporating 20 MWh of lithium-ion batteries, direct current (DC)–coupled with the solar inverters. This energy storage system will increase the amount of solar electricity fed directly into the field and reduce costs by controlling when the site uses stored solar electricity rather than electricity from the grid. The battery system will also increase the number of LCFS credits by 15% over credits generated by solar alone. Together, solar power and energy storage provide a robust renewable energy solution.
This project will generate multiple cobenefits for the Lost Hills oil field by lowering the cost of power, reducing GHG emissions, generating state LCFS credits and federal Renewable Energy Certificates, and demonstrating a commitment to energy transition by investing in renewable technology. Conceivably, the Lost Hills solar project can be a model for similar future projects in other oil fields, not only in California, but across the globe.
A Comprehensive Model for Simulating Supercritical-Water Flow in a Vertical Heavy-Oil Well
Authors: Gao Jiaxi , Yao Yuedong , Wang Dawen , Tong Hang 
Published: May 2021

SummarySupercritical water has been proved effective in heavy-oil recovery. However, understanding the flow characteristics of supercritical water in the wellbore is still in the early stages. In this paper, using the theory of heat transfer and fluid mechanics and combining that with the physical properties of supercritical water, a heat-transfer model for vertical wellbore injection with supercritical water is established. The influence of heat transfer and the Joule-Thomson effect on the temperature of supercritical water are considered. Results show the following:The predicted values of pressure and temperature are in good agreement with the test values. The apparent pressure of supercritical water at the upper end of the wellbore is lower than the apparent pressure at the lower end. However, the equivalent pressure of supercritical water at the upper end of the wellbore is higher than the equivalent pressure at the lower end. The apparent pressure of supercritical water is affected by three factors: flow direction, overlying pressure, and Joule-Thomson effect. The closer to the bottom of the well, the greater the overlying pressure of the supercritical water, resulting in an increase in apparent pressure and the density of the supercritical water. As the injection time for supercritical water increases, the temperature around the upper horizontal wellbore increases.
Effects of sanitary pad distribution and reproductive health education on primary school attendance and reproductive health knowledge and attitudes in Kenya: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Austrian Karen , Kangwana Beth , Muthengi Eunice N. , Soler-Hampejsek Erica 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Adolescent girls’ risk of school dropout and reproductive health (RH) challenges may be exacerbated by girls’ attitudes toward their bodies and inability to manage their menstruation. We assessed effects of sanitary pad distribution and RH education on girls in primary grade 7 in Kilifi, Kenya in 2017-18.Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial design was used. Eligible clusters were all non-boarding schools in three sub-counties in Kilifi County that had a minimum of 25 girls enrolled in primary grade 7. 140 primary schools, 35 per arm, were randomly assigned to one of four study arms: 1) control (standard government provision of pads and health education); 2) sanitary pad distribution; 3) RH education; or 4) both sanitary pad distribution and RH education. Outcomes were school attendance, school engagement, RH knowledge and attitudes, gender norms, and self-efficacy. For outcomes measured both at baseline and endline, difference-in-differences (DID) models were estimated and for outcomes without baseline data available, analysis of covariance models were used. Results: The study enrolled 3,489 randomly selected girls in primary grade 7. Girls in arms 2 and 4 received on average 17.5 out of 20 packets of sanitary pads and girls in arms 3 and 4 participated on average in 21 out of 25 RH sessions. Ninety-four percent of the baseline sample was interviewed at the end of the intervention with no differential attrition by arm. There was no evidence of an effect on primary school attendance on arm 2 (coefficient [coef] 0.37, 95% CI -0.73, 1.46), arm 3 (coef 0.14, 95% CI -0.99, 1.26) or arm 4 (coef 0.58, 95% CI -.37, 1.52). There was increased positive RH attitudes for girls in arm 3 (DID coef. 0.63, 95% CI 0.40, 0.86) and arm 4 (DID coef. 0.85, 95% CI 0.64, -1.07). There was also an increase in RH knowledge, gender norms and self-efficacy in arms 3 and 4.Conclusions: The findings suggest that neither sanitary pad distribution nor RH education, on their own or together, were sufficient to improve primary school attendance. However, as the RH education intervention improved RH outcomes, the evidence suggests that sanitary pad distribution and RH education can be positioned in broader RH programming for girls. Trial Registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN10894523. Registered 22 August 2017 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN10894523
Based on HMGB1-PTEN pathway to explore the difference of T lymphocyte function in chronic hepatitis B with representative TCM syndromes
Authors: Li Xia , Liu Chao , Li Guiyu , Zheng Yanfeng , Mu Jie , Xie Lushuang , Feng Quansheng , Jiang Cen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims. Liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome (LDSDS) and spleen-gastric damp-heat syndrome (SGDHS) are two representative syndromes of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) based on our early researches, and both of them exhibit significant differences in the pathogenesis and prognosis, which is closely related to immune regulation. However, the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. This study aimed to better understand the immunoregulatory mechanisms of the two syndromes and promote the differentiation precision of the two syndromes in the clinical.Methods. We studied the content of T lymphocytes by Flow cytometry and the expression levels of HMGB1-PTEN pathway proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) in the two syndromes and healthy controls, then constructed a protein association network through STRING database and the GeneMANIA database to analyze the functional expression correlation among the HMGB1, PTEN, PI3K, PDK1, and Akt. The correlations between T lymphocytes and proteins were analyzed by constructing multiple regression equations and Pearson test.Results. The CD8+T cell levels in the two syndromes were lower than that in healthy controls, and the levels of Th17, Treg cells, Th17/Treg and HMGB1, PI3K, PDK1, Akt were higher than those of the healthy controls (P<0.05). Moreover, compared with the SGDHS, the levels of CD4+T, Th17 cells and HMGB1, PTEN, PI3K in LDSDS were higher (P<0.05). Protein interaction network indicated that HMGB1 can regulate PI3K/Akt pathway through multiple pathways and has strong relevance. The EGFR may be a key target in HMGB1-PTEN protein network. The regression analysis showed that there was a linear correlation between the HMGB1-PTEN pathway axis and the level of immune cells, and the linear correlation factors of the two syndromes were inconsistent.Conclusion. HMGB1-PTEN pathway may play an important role in regulating the formation of immune differences between the two syndromes. CD4+T and Th17 are two representative immune cells which may serve as two potential biological markers of LDSDS and SGDHS in CHB patients.
The protective effect of curcumin on rats with DSS-induced ulcerative colitis and its mechanisms
Authors: Guo Jing , Zhang Yan-yan , Sun Mei , Xu Ling-fen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aim This study aimed to explore effect of curcumin on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in rats and its mechanism.Methods: A dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) rat model was established. The disease activity index (DAI) scores were calculated. The histopathological damage scores were determined by haematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Regulatory T (Treg) cells and T helper 17 (Th17) cells in the spleen were analysed by flow cytometry. The levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-17A were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Compared with the DSS model group, the curcumin group exhibited significantly reduced DAI scores and improvements in histopathological damage. The expression of CD4+IL-17+ Th17 cells was significantly lower and the expression of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells was significantly higher in the curcumin group than in the DSS group.Conclusion: Curcumin may be a new and effective treatment for IBD by regulating the balance of Treg/Th17 cells and the expression of IL-10 and IL-17A.