bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Governance conundrum in pursuit of the human right to water and sanitation: tracking the progress of the leave-no-one-behind principle in Uganda
Authors: Ahabwe G. Z. , Batega D. W. , Ssewaya A. , Niwagaba C. B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Government of Uganda is a party to numerous international and national commitments, laws and regulatory frameworks to deliver the socio-economic transformation of its citizens. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) commit states, Uganda inclusive, to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all by 2030. According to the SDG 6 resolutions, the rights to water and sanitation are legally binding upon states, which have the primary responsibility to ensure their full realization, including unserved and under-served areas. While the SDGs came into force after 2015, it is not clear the extent to which Uganda's policies, legal instruments and practice are aligned to the SDGs. A combined methodology was adopted to undertake the study under a cross-sectional design. The study reviewed relevant literature such as sector performance reports on water and sanitation. Purposive sampling was used to select relevant informants for primary data. Key informant interviews were held with representatives of relevant government agencies, United Nations agencies, civil society organisations, indigenous communities and the private sector. Findings indicate that while the Government of Uganda has made tremendous efforts regarding the right to water and sanitation, enormous challenges and gaps remain. For instance, the pro-poor strategies to access safe water, sanitation and hygiene facilities are largely insignificant.
Tecnologia Liberdade ou prisão Uma visão neurocientífica
Authors: Dutra Vianna Deister Machado Rejane , Laport Tamires 
Published: August 2021

O uso da tecnologia digital estimula o desenvolvimento da capacidade visual, da noção espacial e da coordenação motora, mas também pode trazer prejuízos. Estudos recentes demonstraram que esta atividade ativa áreas corticais importantes, como as funções executivas, que estão centradas no córtex pré-frontal, o qual é extremamente complexo por possuir conexões com outras regiões. O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir um conjunto de evidências sobre a influência do excesso desta rede tecnológica nas dimensões de comportamento, cognição, afeto e excitação, tão bem quanto as principais regiões cerebrais alteradas. Para uma incursão a estes campos de investigação, a metodologia desse estudo foi uma revisão narrativa da literatura. A maioria das recompensas aumentam o nível de dopamina no cérebro, que é produzida especialmente pela substância negra e pela área tegmental ventral. Sendo assim, o uso excessivo da inteligência virtual causa uma liberação do neurotransmissor dopaminérgico, a dopamina. Este excesso confunde o cérebro e prejudica o córtex pré-frontal. Prejudicada, esta área para de funcionar, o indivíduo perde a noção de tempo e esquece de realizar atividades que são prioridades para sua saúde, por exemplo se alimentar, tomar banho, socializar, entre outros. Sendo assim, vários transtornos contemporâneos estão sendo desencadeados e, por este motivo, diversos estudos estão sendo realizados para verificar e auxiliar a compreensão, a prevenção e o funcionamento dessas possíveis psicopatologias.
Molecular Effects of Pteryxin and Scopoletin in the 5xFAD
Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model
Authors: Kiris Irem , Skalicka-Wozniak Krystyna , Basar Merve Karayel , Sahin Betul , Gurel Busra , Baykal Ahmet Tarik 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent diseases
with rapidly increasing numbers, but there is still no medication to treat or stop the disease.
Previous data on coumarins suggests that scopoletin may have potential benefits in
AD.

Objective:
Evaluate the therapeutic potential of the coumarins with natural origin - scopoletin
and pteryxin- in a 5xFAD mouse model of AD

Methods:
Both compounds were administered at two doses to 12-month-old mice, which
represent severe AD pathology. The effects of coumarins were assessed on cognition in
mouse experiments. Changes in the overall brain proteome were evaluated using LCMS/
MS analyses.

Results:
The Morris water maze test implicated that a higher dose of pteryxin (16 mg/kg)
significantly improved learning, and the proteome analysis showed pronounced changes
of specific proteins upon pteryxin administration. The amyloid-β precursor protein, glial
fibrillary acid protein, and apolipoprotein E protein which are highly associated with AD,
were among the differentially expressed proteins at the higher dose of the pteryxin.

Conclusion:
Overall, pteryxin may be evaluated further as a disease-modifying agent in
AD pathology in the late stages of AD.
Explore the Active Ingredients and Mechanisms in Musa basjoo
Pseudostem Juice against Diabetes Based on Animal Experiment, Gas
Chromatography-mass Spectrometer and Network Pharmacology
Authors: Xu Feng , Wu Hongmei , Wang Xiangpei , Wei Xiujuan , Chen Teng 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Musa basjoo pseudostem juice (MBSJ) is a well-known Chinese
medicine, and Miao people use MBSJ to treat diabetes. In this work, the active ingredients and
molecular mechanism of MBSJ against diabetes were explored.

Methods:
Anti-diabetic activity of MBSJ was evaluated using diabetic rats, and then the
ingredients in the small-polar parts of MBSJ were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass
spectrometer (GC-MS). Targets were obtained from several databases to develop the "ingredienttarget-
disease" network by Cytoscape. A collaborative analysis was carried out using the tools in
Cytoscape and R packages, and molecular docking was also performed.

Results:
MBSJ improved the oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance, and reduced fasting
blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein
levels in the serum of diabetic rats. 13 potential compounds were identified by GC-MS for
subsequent analysis, including Dibutyl phthalate, Oleamide, Stigmasterol, Stigmast-4-en-3-one,
etc. The anti-diabetic effect of MBSJ was related to multiple signaling pathways, including
Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, Phospholipase D signaling pathway, Endocrine resistance,
Rap1 signaling pathway, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, etc. Molecular docking at least
partially verified the screening results of network pharmacology.

Conclusion:
MBSJ had good anti-diabetic activity. The small-polar parts of MBSJ were rich in
anti-diabetic active ingredients. Furthermore, the analysis results showed that the anti-diabetic
effect of the small-polar parts of MBSJ may be the result of multiple components, multiple targets,
and multiple pathways. The current research results can provide important support for studying the
active ingredients and exploring the underlying mechanism of MBSJ against diabetes.
Zederone Improves the Fecal Microbial Profile in Dementia Induced Rat
Model: A First Report
Authors: Borah Sudarshana , Sarkar Priyanka , Sharma Hemanta Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Dementia correlates with Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, frontotemporal
and cerebrovascular diseases. There are supporting shreds of evidence on the pharmacological
activity of curcuma caesia (Zingiberaceae family) for its antioxidant, antidepressant, analgesic,
anticonvulsant, and anti-acetylcholinesterase effect.

Objective:
This study aims to analyze the fecal microbial profile in Zederone treated demented rat
model.

Method:
In our study, isolation and characterization of Zederone were carried out from curcuma
caesia rhizomes, followed by estimation of its memory-enhancing effect on Aluminium-induced demented
rat, which was evaluated by behavioural study on radial 8 arm maze. Moreover the detection
of amyloid plaque formation was carried out using fluorescent microscopy of the congo red-stained
rat brain tissues of the cerebral neocortex region. This study included eighteen female Wistar
Albino rats that were divided into three groups that consisted of six rats in each group. The
study of fecal microbial profile by metagenomic DNA extraction followed by next-generation sequencing
was carried out to establish the correlation between gut microbes and amyloid plaques in
dementia.

Results:
Zederone could be characterized as pale yellow colored, needle-shaped crystals with
96.57% purity. This compound at 10 mg/kg body weight showed cognition improving capacity (p
≤ 0.0001) with a reduction of accumulated amyloid plaques that were detected in the demented
group in fluorescence microscope and fecal microbiome study divulged an increased shift towards
Lactobacillus genera in the treated group from Bacteroides in the demented group.

Conclusion:
This sesquiterpenoid compound would assist in the modulation of gut bacterial dysbiosis
and act as a better therapeutic drug for dementia and other neurological disorders.
Relationship Between Perceived Risks of Using mHealth Applications and the Intention to Use Them Among Older Adults in the Netherlands: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Klaver Nicky Sabine , van de Klundert Joris , van den Broek Roy Johannes Gerardus Maria , Askari Marjan 
Published: August 2021

Background
Considering the increasing demand for health services by older people and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, digital health is commonly viewed to offer a pathway to provide safe and affordable health services for older adults, thus enabling self-management of their health while health care systems are struggling. However, several factors cause older people to be particularly reluctant to adopt digital health technologies such as mobile health (mHealth) tools. In addition to previously studied technology acceptance factors, those related to perceived risks of mHealth use (eg, leakage of sensitive information or receiving incorrect health recommendations) may further diminish mHealth adoption by older adults.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between perceived risks of using mHealth applications and the intention to use these applications among older adults.

Methods
We designed a cross-sectional study wherein a questionnaire was used to collect data from participants aged 65 years and older in the Netherlands. Perceived risk was divided into four constructs: privacy risk, performance risk, legal concern, and trust. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the associations between these perceived risk constructs and the intention to use mHealth applications.

Results
Linear regression per perceived risk factor showed that each of the four constructs is significantly associated with the intention to use mobile medical applications among older adults (adjusted for age, sex, education, and health status). Performance risk (β=–.266; P=<.001), legal concern (β=–.125; P=.007), and privacy risk (β=–.100; P=.03) were found to be negatively correlated to intention to use mHealth applications, whereas trust (β=.352; P=<.001) was found to be positively correlated to the intention to use mHealth applications.

Conclusions
Performance risk, legal concern, and privacy risk as perceived by older adults may substantially and significantly decrease their intention to use mHealth applications. Trust may significantly and positively affect this intention. Health care professionals, designers of mHealth applications, and policy makers can use these findings to diminish performance risks, and tailor campaigns and applications to address legal and privacy concerns and promote mHealth uptake and health care access for older adults, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Factores relacionados con osteoartritis en trabajadores informales del centro de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Garzón Duque María Osley , Marín Franco Mariana , Orrego Vélez María Antonia , Villegas Wills Martina , Rodríguez Ospina Fabio León , Cardona Arango María Dorys , Segura Cardona Ángela María , Villa Parra Verónica 
Published: August 2021

Introducción: Se hace una correlación entre la osteoatrosis y las condiciones laborales, hábitos y estilos de vida de los trabajadores informales del centro de Medellín, Colombia.
Objetivo: Identificar la relación de la osteoartritis y la prevalencia de enfermedades crónicas y degenerativas con las condiciones sociodemográficas, laborales, hábitos y estilos de vida en un grupo de trabajadores informales de Medellín, Colombia.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal, con fuente primaria de información de 686 trabajadores informales. Se realizó una encuesta asistida, previa toma de consentimiento. Se seleccionaron 289 trabajadores con diagnóstico de enfermedad crónica o degenerativa, ≥18 años, con ≥5 años en su oficio. Se realizaron análisis exploratorios y de asociación con prueba Chi2, y cálculo de RP con IC del 95%.
Resultados: el 79,9% de la población padecía alguna enfermedad crónica. El 3,46% presentaba diagnóstico de osteoartritis, siendo significativamente mayor (p<0,05) en quienes tenían entre 21 y 30 años en su oficio (RP=5,62. IC:1,20;26,34). También fue mayor la prevalencia de osteoartritis en; >45 años (RP=2,26), mujeres (RP:4,44), trabajadores sedentarios (RP=1,71), obesos (RP=3,40), así como en quienes habían sido obreros (RP=1,30), en aquellos que tenían puestos de venta semiestacionaria (RP=2,21), vendían productos de cosecha y perecederos (RP=1,78), en quienes trabajaban >8 horas diarias (RP:2,77), ≤5días a la semana (RP=3,10), no tenían espacio suficiente para moverse (RP=2,08), y en quienes tenían posturas o movimientos forzados (RP=2,72). Conclusión: En la población de vendedores informales del centro de Medellín, los factores sociodemográficos, laborales, hábitos y estilos de vida modificables se relacionan con una mayor prevalencia de osteoartritis.
Voluntary Disclosure of Disaggregated Balance Sheet and Cash Flow Information around Restatements
Authors: Chen Kai , Henderson Darren , Wiedman Christine I. 
Published: August 2021

SYNOPSIS
We examine changes in voluntary disclosure of balance sheet and cash flow (BS/CF) information in earnings releases after restatement announcements. We consider these disclosures to be particularly relevant in the restatement context since they help investors interpret accruals and assess reporting quality at a time when information uncertainty is high. We find that BS/CF disclosures drop significantly for at least five quarters following restatement announcements, particularly for severe restatements and those restatements more likely to lead to litigation, and less for firms likely to benefit from reputation-repairing activities. We next consider the impact of BS/CF changes on earnings informativeness and find significantly lower post-restatement earnings response coefficients for firms ceasing BS/CF disclosure, but not otherwise. Overall, we argue that litigation concerns provide a strong disincentive for disclosure following restatement announcements. Our findings add to a growing literature on the importance of disaggregated BS/CF information in interpreting accruals.
How Does Reciprocal Rent-Seeking Between Politicians and Auditors Influence Audit Quality? Evidence from China
Authors: He Ku , Pan Xiaofei , Tian Gary Gang , Wu Yanling , Cai Chun 
Published: August 2021

SYNOPSIS
In this study, we propose a reciprocal rent-seeking game between politicians and individual auditors with political connections and examine how these auditors' political connections influence their audit quality. Using hand-collected data from China between 2008 and 2013, we find that politically connected auditors have a significantly lower tendency to issue modified audit opinions (MAOs). We also find that politicians' career prospects are significantly adversely influenced by MAOs being issued in their jurisdictions, while connected auditors charge higher audit fees, acquire larger market share, and have a lower chance of encountering regulatory sanctions. Further evidence suggests that politically connected auditors tend to issue less accurate audit opinions, reduce client firms' earnings response coefficients (ERCs), and increase client firms' capital costs. Collectively, our study suggests that individual auditors' political connections facilitate the reciprocal rent-seeking activities between them and politicians, which ultimately undermines audit quality.
JEL: G32; G38; M42; M48.
Assessing the sustainability of traditional agroforestry practices: a case of Mamar agroforestry in Kupang-Indonesia
Authors: Ngaji Alfred Umbu Kuala , Baiquni Muhammad , Suryatmojo Hatma , Haryono Eko 
Published: August 2021

A traditional agroforestry of West Timor, namely Mamar, produces important ecosystem services to the people of this arid region, however, its management tends to change, thereby disrupting its sustainability. This study aims to assess the sustainability of Mamar agroforestry by analyzing the livelihood assests of the community, the biophysical land performance of the soil, and the value of ecosystem services. Furthermore, data, on perception and livelihood assets; the level of soil damage, the importance value index, and diversity index, the value of ecosystem services based on the opinion of experts and community leaders, as well as change in land use were collected in five villages in Kupang district using surveys with a qualitative and quantitative approach. The results showed a change of perspective in Mamar's management; the decrease in the important value index of cultural crops, the diversity index is classified as declining, there is soil damage in several parameters, and the value of ecosystem services does not focus on cultural services. Considering this result, there is a socio-ecological trade-off that reduces support for the sustainability of Mamar as traditional agroforestry that emphasizes socio-cultural functions.
Efektivitas Modul Elektronik Berbasis Web Dipadu Problem Based Learning Terhadap Motivasi Belajar pada Materi Pencemaran Lingkungan
Authors: Karlina Della Moliza , Tenri Pada* Andi Ulfa , Khairil Khairil , Artika Wiwit , Abdullah Abdullah 
Published: August 2021

The teaching and learning activities at grade 10th SMA Negeri 1 Krueng Barona Jaya and SMAN 1 Peukan Bada Aceh Besar, it can be seen that the learning motivation of students is still lacking to learn. The learning motivation of students has not been maXmized because students still feel the learning conditions that provide opportunities for students to make assumptions and carry out an experiment to obtain their own knowledge. This condition causes students to only refer to conventional modules which contain material only. This study aims to analyze the differences in the learning motivation of students in the experimental class and the control class on environmental pollution material in class grade 10th SMAN Aceh Besar. The approach used in this research is quantitative, the type of research is applied research, a quasi-experimental method, with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. The research sample was 105 students. The research procedure was to provide a pre-test, a web-based electronic module treatment combined with PBL in the experimental class and conventional methods in the control class, and post-test. The instrument used is a questionnaire that has been tested for validity, reliability test. Data analysis used independent t-test with prerequisite test for normality and homogeneity test. The results showed that there were differences in the learning motivation of students in the experimental class and the control class on environmental pollution concept in class X SMAN Aceh Besar. The learning motivation taught by web-based electronic modules combined with PBL is better than conventional methods.
Problem Based Learning on Newton's Law: Can It Improve Student Creativity?
Authors: Agustin* Nurlaili Wisda , Sarwanto Sarwanto , Supriyanto Agus 
Published: August 2021

Creativity is important in facing a challenging future life. Therefore, current learning is focused on not only values but also soft skills such as student creativity. Few teachers provide opportunities for students to develop their creativity in the classroom. This creativity can be developed and trained through various learning strategies. Probem-based learning was chosen in this study as a means to increase students' creativity through two learning methods, experiment and demonstration. This study seeks to determine the effect of experimental and demonstration methods with problem-based learning model on student creativity on Newton's law material. The subjects included 72 tenth-grade science students in Surakarta, Central Java. They were selected using the purposed random sampling technique where out of 8 tenth-grade science students in SMA Al Islam, Surakarta, 2 classes that met the research category were selected. This experimental study collected the data using pretest and posttest for cognitive data and questionnaire using a Likert scale for student creativity data. Data were analyzed descriptively through independent sample t-test. The results showed that both methods through problem-based learning model had a significant effect on the level of student creativity. From the characteristics of the methods and the number of students in the high creativity category, experimental method is superior to be applied. It is implied that teachers can use the experimental method with problem-based learning model in Newton's law to develop student creativity soft skills.
Second opinion in spine surgery: A scoping review
Authors: Gattas Sandra , Fote Gianna M. , Brown Nolan J. , Lien Brian V. , Choi Elliot H. , Chan Alvin Y. , Rosen Charles D. , Oh Michael Y. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
As a growing number of patients seek consultations for increasingly complex and costly spinal surgery, it is of both clinical and economic value to investigate the role for second opinions (SOs). Here, we summarized and focused on the shortcomings of 14 studies regarding the role and value of SOs before proceeding with spine surgery.

Methods:
Utilizing PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, we identified 14 studies that met the inclusion criteria that included: English, primary articles, and studies published in the past 20 years.

Results:
We identified the following findings regarding SO for spine surgery: (1) about 40.6% of spine consultations are SO cases; (2) 61.3% of those received a discordant SO; (3) 75% of discordant SOs recommended conservative management; and (4) SO discordance applied to a variety of procedures.

Conclusion:
The 14 studies reviewed regarding SOs in spine surgery showed that half of the SOs differed from those given in the initial consultation and that SOs in spine surgery can have a substantial impact on patient care. Absent are prospective studies investigating the impact of following a first versus second opinion. These studies are needed to inform the potential benefit of universal implementation of SOs before major spine operations to potentially reduce the frequency and type/extent of surgery.