bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin and diversification of flax and their relationship with heterostyly across the range
Authors: Maguilla Enrique , Escudero Marcial , Ruíz‐Martín José , Arroyo Juan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimUnderstanding plant diversity and how different traits have shaped the current biodiversity setting across the world is one of the major challenges for evolutionary biology. In this sense, genus Linum have been broadly studied as a model of species showing heterostyly, but no studies have attempted to investigate possible correlations between heterostyly and diversification. Thus, in this study we aim to explore the origin and diversification of the genus Linum and to determine its centre of diversity and potential source for the colonisation of other areas. Also, we aim to study how heterostyly may have shaped diversification rates and colonisation patterns in the genus.LocationWorldwide (focused on the Western Palearctic).TaxonGenus Linum L. (Linaceae).MethodsWe analysed nuclear ITS and plastid ndhF, matK and trnL‐F DNA regions in a total of 103 samples of 93 different species of the genus Linum, as well as seven samples from other Linaceae. We performed divergence time analysis in BEAST2 under a birth‐death tree model, then used the resulting tree for an ancestral area reconstruction using the R package “BioGeoBEARS.” Finally, we estimated diversification rates using BAMM and examined the correlation between diversification rates and geographic ranges and heterostyly.ResultsLinum s.l. diverged during the late Eocene to mid Oligocene (27.2–38.29 Ma at 95% highest posterior density interval) in the Western Palearctic, where most species diversified. Within‐area speciation is the main mechanism of diversification in the genus. Most dispersal events occurred from the Western Palearctic to other regions, probably through long‐distance dispersal (LDD). No changes were found regarding diversification rates in specific clades or in relation with reproductive system (heterostyly) or geographic areas. Colonisation of new areas was achieved mostly by monomorphic lineages, whereas heterostylous species mostly remained in the ancestral Western Paleartic area.Main conclusionsThe Western Palearctic acted as a source of dispersal in seven out of nine total dispersal events but never as a sink. All species or lineages that colonised new areas after LDD were monomorphic for style length, as predicted by the theory on reproductive traits of colonising species. Thus, heterostyly is shown to affect establishment success in a new area. Neither biogeographic changes nor analysed trait changes can explain speciation nor extinction rates in Linum. Our results confirm that the evolution of heterostyly is related to the paleogeographic history and are not consistent with the idea that a key innovation or “dispersification” has shaped the diversification patterns in Linum.
Description ofMyxidiumpseudocuneiformen. sp. (Myxosporea: Myxidiidae) fromCyprinuscarpioin China, with the resolution on a taxonomic dilemma ofMyxidiumcuneiforme
Authors: Chen Wei , Zhang Diaodiao , Whipps Christopher M. , Yang Chengzhong , Zhao Yuanjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInvestigations on myxozoan parasites of fish from Chongqing in China, revealed twoMyxidiumcuneiforme‐like myxosporeans infecting the gallbladder ofCyprinuscarpiocarpioandCarassiusauratus. We researched their myxospore morphology, and analyzed their genetic similarity and phylogenic relationships to other myxozoans based on small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) sequences. Although both parasites recovered were morphologically similar, the myxosporean isolated fromC. auratuswas consistent in morphology toMyxidiumcuneiforme, which was described from this host species. The parasite isolated fromC.c. carpiohad overlapping myxospore dimensions toM. cuneiforme, but on average, the polar capsules were not as long. More importantly, this parasite was genetically distinct fromM. cuneiformewith 96.3% and 96.5% similarity in two sequences of 18S rDNA, and we propose the nameMyxidiumpseudocuneiformen. sp. for this myxozoan from common carp. Its mature myxospores are ellipsoidal and asymmetric with pointed ends in valvular view, arc‐shaped or fusiform in sutural view. The pyriform polar capsules are equal in size, and polar filament with 5–6 coils. This study highlights that molecular characteristics and host specificity are indispensable for myxozoan species identification when presented with the taxonomic dilemma of whether we are observing one species that exhibits slight morphological differences or multiple, but similar, species in different hosts.
Measles (Rubeola): A Case Of Vaccine Hesitancy And Pregnancy
Authors: Kraus Nancy , Condon Susanrachel B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMeasles (rubeola) is a highly contagious virus. Vaccination has nearly eradicated measles in the United States, yet sporadic outbreaks persist. Although the live‐attenuated measles, mumps, rubella vaccine has not been found to cause fetal harm, pregnancy is considered a contraindication for the vaccine and contracting measles during pregnancy can have serious sequelae. Furthermore, lifelong immunity conferred by childhood vaccination is questionable as the vaccine's protection may wane during the childbearing years. Reluctance to vaccinate, or vaccine hesitancy, may leave a proportion of people of childbearing age unprotected. It is unlikely that many clinicians providing preconception, primary, and perinatal care have had occasion to diagnose measles. Susceptibility to infection combined with clinician inexperience may contribute to missed opportunities to halt the spread of this highly contagious, preventable illness. A case of parents’ religion‐based vaccine hesitancy complicating the pregnancy of their adult daughter is presented. Guidelines for screening for immunity, identifying measles in the clinical setting, and protocols for mitigating spread are reviewed.
A clinical approach to parasellar lesions in the transition age
Authors: Sbardella Emilia , Puliani Giulia , Feola Tiziana , Pofi Riccardo , Pirchio Rosa , Sesti Franz , Verdecchia Federica , Gianfrilli Daniele , Moffat Daniel , Isidori Andrea M. , Grossman Ashley B. ,   the Talent group
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany reviews have summarised the pathology and management of the parasellar region in adult patients, although an analysis of these aspects in the transition years, from puberty onset to the age of peak bone mass, has been lacking. A comprehensive search of English‐language original articles, published from 2000 to 2020, was conducted in the MEDLINE database (December 2019 to March 2020). We selected all studies regarding epidemiology, diagnosis and management of the following parasellar lesions:germinoma, craniopharyngioma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, optic glioma, hypothalamic hamartoma, tuber cinereum hamartoma, cranial chordoma, Rathke cleft cyst, hypophysitisandhypothalamitisduring the transition age from childhood to adulthood. In the present review, we provide an overview of the principal parasellar lesions occurring in the transition age. Symptoms are usually a result of the mass effect of the lesions on nearby structures, as well as anterior pituitary deficits. Diabetes insipidus occurs frequently in these patients. In this age group, pubertal developmental disorders may be more evident compared to other stages of life. Parasellar lesions in the transition age mostly include neoplastic lesions such as germinomas, hamartomas, optic gliomas, craniopharyngiomas Langerhans cell histiocytosis and chordomas, and rarely inflammatory lesions (hypophysitis, hypothalamitis). There are limited data on the management of parasellar lesions in the transition age. Endocrine evaluation is crucial for identifying conditions that require hormonal treatment so that they can be treated early to improve the quality of life of the individual patient in this complex age range. The clinical approach to parasellar lesions involves a multidisciplinary effort.
Urinary Incontinence Is Associated With Increased All‐Cause Mortality in Older Nursing Home Residents: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Huang Pan , Luo Kai , Wang Chunyan , Guo Dawei , Wang Shixuan , Jiang Yuan , Huang Wenxuan , Zhang Weiqiangxin , Ding Mei , Wang Jiang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeUrinary incontinence is a syndrome common in older adults, but it is not clear whether urinary incontinence is associated with the risk for mortality in elderly nursing home residents.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science databases. The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The meta‐analysis was summarized using a random‐effects or fixed‐effects model, and the heterogeneity among studies was examined using the I2 statistic.FindingsSix cohort studies with 1,656 participants were included in the final analysis. The NOS score for each study was greater than 6. Urinary incontinence was significantly associated with a higher risk for mortality in nursing homes, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.20 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.12–1.28, I2 = 41.6%). The significant association of urinary incontinence with increased mortality risk was observed in subgroup analysis according to region, status of dementia, and follow‐up period, with a pooled HR of 2.02 (95% CI 1.32–3.11, I2 = 0%) for Asian countries, 1.18 (95% CI 1.11–1.26, I2 = 41.6%) for Western countries, 1.17 (95% CI 1.09–1.26, I2 = 0%) for patients with dementia, 1.35 (95% CI 1.13–1.60, I2 = 58.9%) for patients without dementia, 1.16 (95% CI 1.07–1.25, I2 = 43.2%) for studies with a follow‐up period of 1 year, and 1.30 (95% CI 1.15–1.48, I2 = 24.5%) for studies with a follow‐up period of more than 1 year.ConclusionsUrinary incontinence is associated with an increased risk for death among residents of care facilities. Therefore, it was necessary to screen the elderly dwelling in nursing homes who were experiencing or at risk for urinary incontinence with useful tools (e.g., overactive bladder symptom score, bladder control self‐assessment questionnaire, three incontinence questions). In addition, early interventions strategies, such as weight loss, stopping smoking, pelvic floor muscle training, and medical and surgical treatments would contribute to decreasing the risk for urinary incontinence and preventing adverse outcomes in nursing home residents.Clinical RelevanceIn our study, we found that the elderly with urinary incontinence who resided in nursing homes had a higher risk for mortality than those without urinary incontinence. Therefore, urinary incontinence in the elderly residing in nursing homes is of particular concern. Early detection and intervention are important for the elderly with urinary incontinence, and caregivers should be made aware of this importance.
“The greedy I that gives”—The paradox of egocentrism and altruism: Terror management and system justification perspectives on the interrelationship between mortality salience and charitable donations amid the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Jin S. Venus , Ryu Ehri 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhy do people give and help others in face of their own mortality salience? The existential struggle with the awareness of death impacts the gamut of human cognition, emotion, and behavior. This multi‐method research (∑N = 1,219) explains the psychosocial impact of COVID‐19‐related mortality salience on altruism. Drawing from terror management theory, two studies tested death‐thought accessibility, mortality salience, and anxiety buffer hypotheses. Study 1 (cross‐sectional survey), using structural equation modeling, confirms death anxiety and fear are predictors of powerlessness and materialism which, in turn, predict charitable donations. Study 2 (between‐subjects experiment) confirms the causal effects of COVID‐19‐induced mortality salience on altruism. Controlling income and socioeconomic status, people in the mortality salience treatment condition indicate greater monetary donations ($), ratio of prosocial (altruistic) to proself (egocentric) spending (%), donation of time (hour), monetary valuation of time (hourly rate = $/hour), and economic value of donated time (hourly rate*hour) than the controls. These effects are mediated by powerlessness. Moderating effects of relevant individual difference factors are significant: the greedier, more selfish, narcissistic, materialistic, and system‐justifying the donor is, the higher monetary donations, volunteer time, and perceived value of donated time are, only when the COVID‐19‐induced mortality is made salient but not in the controls. Environmental and dispositional factors jointly influence vulnerability to mortality salience. The paradox of egocentrism and altruism, as an evolutionarily adaptive protective buffer against existential insecurity for social and cultural animals, can help revitalize resilience, thus shedding some lights on the sociopsychological mechanism of consumers' subjective well‐being. Implications for consumer affairs, social marketers, and policymakers are discussed.
Supraperiosteal application of hyaluronic acid with cannula: Is it possible?
Authors: Bravo Bruna Souza Felix , Elias Mariana Calomeni , da Rocha Camila Roos Mariano , Carvalho Raquel de Melo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe aging process occurs in all anatomical layers of the face; therefore, rejuvenation should not be limited to the dermic signs of aging (Aesthet Surg J. 2018;38:73) The treatment with fillers in strategic points can reconstruct young anatomy, providing natural results (Aesthet Surg J. 2018;38:73). There are two instruments used for facial application of hyaluronic acid: cannula and needle. Both of them have advantages and disadvantages.ObjectiveIn this study, we aim to compare the limitations of application with cannula by cutaneous ultrasound when compared to the needle by ultrasound, since some injectors suggest that one of the disadvantages would be the inability to reach certain application plans (periosteum).Materials and MethodsA 52‐year‐old female patient was treated with 22 mg/ml hyaluronic acid (Juvéderm® Voluma), guided by high‐frequency ultrasound (LogicE device, Logic brand (GE Healthcare), with high‐frequency linear probe (L8‐L18i‐RS). The left hemiface was treated with a 27G needle and the right hemiface with a 5 cm 22G cannula (SoftFil®).ConclusionThis study proved that, in the malar/zygomatic and the chin region, it is possible the cannula and needle reached the supraperiosteal region. In the temporal region, the cannula did not reach the supraperiosteal plane.
A narrative inquiry approach to understanding senior intensive care nurses’ experiences of working with new graduate nurses
Authors: Whittam Susan , Torning Nerilee , Patching Joanna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo report a qualitative inquiry exploring senior registered nurses’ stories of experience working with new graduate nurses in the intensive care unit.BackgroundWhile new graduate nurses’ perceptions of transitioning into professional practice in the intensive care unit have been examined, few studies have explored the experiences of the senior registered nurses working alongside them.DesignA narrative inquiry methodology informed by Dewey's (1938) theory of experience.MethodsIndividual in‐depth, unstructured, interactive interviews were conducted with five senior registered nurses. The inquirer co‐composed individual narrative accounts with each participant. Narrative inquiry's three commonplaces of temporality, sociality and place formed the lens of analysis.Thematic analysis identified two overarching threads that resonated across the narrative accounts. This inquiry adheres to COREQ checklist reporting.ResultsThe overarching threads ‘Reverberations’ and ‘Caring’ depict the experiences of senior registered nurses. ‘It's Dangerous’, ‘Patrolling Like Surf Lifesavers’, ‘We Carry Them’, ‘Survival Mode’ and ‘Enjoyable Moments’ are minor threads describing the challenges, while ‘I’ve Been There’, ‘They Must Ask Questions’ and ‘Not In My Backyard’ reveal their insights.ConclusionsWorking with new graduate nurses increased senior registered nurses’ patient surveillance and workload, contributing to stress, pressure and feeling overwhelmed. However, senior registered nurses felt an obligation to care for new graduate nurses, who they perceived as still acquiring the skills to autonomously care for critically ill patients. Therefore, senior registered nurses require support themselves.Relevance to clinical practiceSenior registered nurses perceive workplace constraints as impeding their capacity to provide sufficient support and surveillance to new graduate nurses. The gap between new graduate nurses’ clinical capacity and patients’ needs underpins senior registered nurses’ recommendation that new graduate nurses should not be placed in intensive care units unless additional workforce support is provided, safeguarding their development as well as patient safety.
Interprofessional collaboration in connection with a medical ship: nurses’ experiences
Authors: Gustavsson Kristoffer , Börjesson Ellinor , Björklund Margereth , Munck Berit 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo describe nurses´ experiences of interprofessional collaboration (IPC) in connection with a medical ship offering primary health care in Papua New Guinea.BackgroundMore than a third of the population in Papua New Guinea are living in severe poverty, resulting in serious and fatal diseases. Due to rough terrain and lack of infrastructure, most of them cannot benefit from health care in the cities. Thus, a medical ship is used since the sea route is one of the few possible ways to reach the people.DesignA qualitative study with an inductive and descriptive approach was performed, and content analysis of the data was used.MethodsIn January 2018, eleven nurses from seven countries were interviewed onboard the medical ship assessing their experiences when performing IPC. The COREQ checklist for qualitative studies was applied in the conduct and reporting of this study.ResultsThree generic categories emerged: Nurses’ motivation to achieve the common goal of doing good using IPC; Nurses’ view of performing IPC within special conditions; and Nurses’ perception of their role in IPC. Overall, the IPC was perceived by the nurses as well functioning. Having a common goal, positive mindset and effective communication improved the team's collaboration. When these aspects were accomplished, the chances of overcoming the challenge of working in new circumstances and limited space with a newly formed team were increased.ConclusionGood collaboration within an interprofessional team required repeated sharing of information. This demonstrates the importance of communication and engagement to overcome existing challenges when working interprofessionally.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study recommends the establishment of IPC for similar contexts such as onboard Youth With a Mission and ashore, as well as in disaster situations or home care where the healthcare professional must collaborate and adapt to new circumstances and prevailing situations.
Assessing the accuracy of visual blood loss estimation in postpartum hemorrhage in Shanghai hospitals: A web‐based survey for nurses and midwives
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhu Wei , Shen Ying , Qiu Jingbo , Rao Lin , Li Hong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThis study aimed at evaluating the accuracy of visual estimated blood loss in postpartum haemorrhage by midwives and nurses, as well as exploring its influencing factors.BackgroundTimely recognition of postpartum haemorrhage is critical in saving maternal lives. Yet midwives and nurses can barely distinguish whether the blood loss has reached a life‐threatening amount without precise measurement. Understanding their ability to accurately estimate the amount of blood loss and the influencing factors can help improve this ability with effective measures.DesignThis research was a multicenter cross‐sectional survey with convenient sampling.Material and MethodsUsing a modified online visual estimation questionnaire of blood loss, the QR code of this survey was sent to midwives and obstetrical nurses engaged in clinical practice in secondary and tertiary hospitals in Shanghai. A descriptive analysis was performed with demographics and the responses of visual estimated blood loss of each volume. The difference and consistency of the responses of each volume were evaluated. The relationship between each demographic characteristic and accuracy was explored. STROBE statement checklist was chosen for reporting the study process.ResultsA total of 361 midwives and nurses participated in the survey. The finding showed an overall accuracy of 30.52% (1763/5776), with 25.3% and 18.0% subjects distinguishing postpartum haemorrhage (500 ml) and severe postpartum haemorrhage (1000 ml), respectively. The Kappa coefficients were slight to moderate (0.037–0.590). There were no differences among the categories of gender, age, academic degree, position, title, working experience in years, working department and reported methods of blood loss estimation with regard to accuracy. However, having institutional guidance for blood loss calculation showed a significant relationship with higher accuracy.Relevance to clinical practiceWhile representing a relatively well‐developed area in China, the accuracy of visual estimated blood loss was not satisfactory, as suggested in other developed countries around the world. Training and institutional guidance on blood loss quantification should be provided in midwifery settings, regardless of how the level of medical development is advanced.ConclusionsThe accuracy of VEBL was low even with a visual aid, especially when the volume exceeds 500 ml. To improve accuracy, institutions should make standardadized assessment guidance and provide regular training for blood loss quantification.
PET/CT using 68Ga‐PSMA‐617 versus 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose to differentiate low‐ and high‐grade gliomas
Authors: Liu Daliang , Cheng Guang , Ma Xiaowei , Wang Shuailiang , Zhao Xiaohu , Zhang Wei , Yang Weidong , Wang Jing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeTo compare and characterize metabolic features of high‐ and low‐grade glioma tumors using 68Ga‐PSMA‐617 and 18F‐FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT).MethodsThirty patients who underwent both 68Ga‐PSMA‐617 and 18F‐FDG PET/CT over 2 consecutive days and then underwent surgical treatment were retrospectively identified. All tumors were diagnosed histologically. This report includes 16 high‐grade glioma (HGG) and 14 low‐grade glioma (LGG) tumors. Standard uptake value (SUV) and target to nontarget (T/NT) were quantitatively investigated through the entire tumor region. Statistical analyses were performed using area under the curve (AUC) and comparison of two means.ResultsSUVmax and SUVmean were the most effective (AUC, 0.96 and 0.94 for PSMA PET; AUC, 0.79 and 0.74 for FDG PET, respectively) for differentiating HGGs from LGGs. These methods distinguished between HGG and LGG effectively (PSMA PET: SUVmax, 5.766 ± 3.945 vs. 0.7364 ± 0.5295, p < 0.0001; SUVmean, 1.666 ± 1.680 and 0.1514 ± 0.1534, p < 0.0001, respectively) (FDG PET: SUVmax, 11.67 ± 3.639 and 9.118 ± 6.612; SUVmean, 5.648 ± 2.114 and 4.435 ± 2.872; p = 0.0083, 0.0262, respectively). The Youden index for SUVmax and SUVmean of 68Ga‐PSMA‐617 and 18F‐FDG were 0.82 and 0.79 and 0.54 and 0.61, separately. T/NTmax was helpful for visual inspection of 68Ga‐PSMA‐617‐PET images (T/NTmax: 1.291 ± 0.9553 in grade II, 5.25 ± 2.435 in grade III, and 13.61 ± 13.84 in grade IV). T/NTmax differed significantly between LGG and HGG and between subtypes of LGG.ConclusionPET/CT with 68Ga‐PSMA‐617 and 18F‐FDG may help distinguish between HGG and LGG, and 68Ga‐PSMA‐617 PET/CT is superior to18F‐FDG in differentiating HGG and LGG.