bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cotton cultivation under colonial rule in India in the nineteenth century from a comparative perspective
Authors: Rönnbäck Klas , Theodoridis Dimitrios 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIndia has played an important role in recent debates on the development of agriculture during colonial rule, and on the performance of US cotton plantations during the nineteenth century. The debates suffer from a lack of quantitative evidence on the productivity of Indian cotton cultivation. In this article, we examine levels of land and labour productivity in cotton cultivation in nineteenth‐century India, and compare this data with corresponding productivity figures from the US. Average yields in India were much lower than previous research would suggest, and trends were generally stagnant or even negative. The difference between the cost of labour in India and the US was also lower than previous research would suggest.
Impairments in odour detection and hedonic ratings of unpleasant smells in asymptomatic university students as SARS‐Cov‐2 emerged locally
Authors: Walsh‐Messinger Julie , Kaouk Sahar , Manis Hannah , Kaye Rachel , Cecchi Guillermo , Meyer Pablo , Malaspina Dolores 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSudden olfactory loss in the absence of concurrent nasal congestion is now a well‐recognized symptom of COVID‐19. We examined olfaction using standardized objective tests of odour detection, identification and hedonics collected from asymptomatic university students before and as SARS‐CoV‐2 emerged locally. Olfactory performance of students who were tested when the virus is known to be endemic (n = 22) was compared to students tested in the month prior to viral circulation (n = 25), a normative sample assessed during the previous 4 years (n = 272) and those tested in prior years during the same time period. Analyses showed significantly reduced odour detection for the virus exposed cohort compared to students tested before (t = 2.60; P = .01; d = 0.77; CI 0.17, 1.36) and to the normative sample (D = 0.38; P = .005). Odour identification scores were similar, but the exposed cohort rated odours as less unpleasant (P < .001, CLES = 0.77). Hyposmia increased 4.4‐fold for students tested 2 weeks before school closure (N = 22) and increased 13.6‐fold for students tested in the final week (N = 11). While the unavailability of COVID‐19 testing is a limitation, this naturalistic study demonstrates week‐by‐week increase in hyposmia in asymptomatic students as a virus was circulating on campus, consistent with increasing airborne viral loads. The specific hedonic deficit in unpleasantness appraisal suggests a deficit in the TAAR olfactory receptor class, which conveys the social salience of odours. Assessment of odour detection and hedonic ratings may aid in early detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 exposure in asymptomatic and pre‐symptomatic persons.
Quality of life in dental hygienists using complementary alternative medicine approaches for work‐related musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Malloy Laura , Boyd Linda D. , Adams Jaymi‐Lyn , Vineyard Jared 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe use of conventional treatment for work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) reduces the prevalence of pain, but with popularity of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) therapies for treatment, it is important to explore their use and impact on dental hygienists (DHs) quality of life (QoL).MethodsA cross‐sectional survey research design was used with a non‐probability sample of dental hygienists (n = 85) with WRMSDs who used CAM therapies. The WHOQOL‐BREF was used to assess quality of life and compared with CAM use and frequency. Analysis included descriptive, t‐tests, correlation and chi‐square tests of independence.ResultsThe most commonly used CAM types were massage (81%) and chiropractic manipulation (67%) with 66% of respondents using two or more CAM therapies. Participants using five or less different CAMs (n = 46), compared with those using more than five CAM types (n = 35, M = 2.3, SD = 1.5), t (79) = 2.7, p = 0.01, had a higher average number of years before they noticed their WRMSD (M = 3.3, SD = 1.9). Participants reporting use of a higher number of CAM types also had lower QoL physical health domain scores (rho = −0.2, p = 0.03).ConclusionsDental hygienists used a variety of CAM approaches to manage WRMSDs and had a lower QoL across all domains (physical health, psychological health, social relationships and environment) than the normative mean. More research is needed to explore the use of CAM approaches, such as yoga, for prevention and management of WRMSDs to improve QoL.
Safety of Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in the short‐term treatment of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Wood Hannah , Chandler Antoinette , Nezamololama Novin , Papp Kim , Gooderham Melinda J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic heterogeneous condition characterized by erythematous, pruritic, and inflamed skin. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are a new class of drugs that target proteins in the Janus kinase‐signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK‐STAT) pathway. These drugs can be administered orally or topically to inhibit signaling of the JAK‐STAT pathway and minimize the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The efficacy and safety of JAK inhibitors have been investigated in phase 2 and 3 clinical trials for AD. The safety of new medications, which are immunosuppressive by nature, is of utmost concern for the prescriber and patient alike. Herein we summarize the safety results of clinical trials using oral abrocitinib, upadacitinib, and baricitinib, as well as topical ruxolitinib and delgocitinib for the treatment of AD. The most prevalent (2–5% occurrence rate) treatment‐emergent adverse events from oral JAK inhibitor use in AD were nausea, upper respiratory tract infection, headache, herpes zoster, herpes simplex, acne, increased blood creatine phosphokinase levels, and decreased platelet counts. Topical JAK inhibitors were not associated with systemic effects. All studies reported that JAK inhibitors were well tolerated in patients with AD in comparison with the control group. While the use of JAK inhibitors in patients suffering from AD is very promising, trials reported to date are of short duration (maximum 16 weeks), and more information on the long‐term safety of these novel agents is required.
Le débat sur l'informalité dans une série d'articles de la Revue internationale du Travail
Authors: KANBUR Ravi 
Published: August 2021

RésuméL'auteur présente ici l'un des numéros de la Revue internationale du Travail publiés à l'occasion du 100e anniversaire de celle‐ci. Ce numéro rassemble dix articles publiés dans la Revue entre 1975 et 2016 et consacrés exclusivement à l'analyse de l'informalité. L'auteur commence par tracer le cadre analytique, avec les origines de la notion d'informalité, puis commente les articles de ce numéro du centenaire, en les situant dans la littérature sur le sujet par des références de portée illustrative plutôt qu'exhaustive. Il conclut en s'interrogeant sur ce que les prochaines décennies pourraient amener en termes d'analyse et d'apports politiques.
Pulmonary embolus in patients with COVID‐19: an Australian perspective
Authors: Robinson Danielle H. , Wimaleswaran Hari , McDonald Christine F , Howard Mark E. , Willcox Abbey 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPulmonary embolus (PE) is a known complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). The diagnosis of PE in our hospitalised patients with COVID‐19 correlated with more severe disease and occurred despite the use of routine thromboprophylaxis. Higher D‐dimers were seen on admission in patients who developed PE and rose at PE diagnosis, suggesting a role for D‐dimer in risk stratification.
The supporting role of learning analytics for a blended learning environment: Exploring students' perceptions and the impact on relatedness
Authors: Ameloot Elise , Rotsaert Tijs , Schellens Tammy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough blended learning (BL) has multiple educational prospects, it also poses challenges such as keeping students motivated.ObjectivesThis study investigates students' perceptions of how learning analytics (LA) can be used to support the design of a BL environment in order to promote students' basic need for relatedness, which is a dimension of motivation. Hence, it is hypothesized that sharing LA trends with students and illustrating which course adaptations were performed based on these trends, will result in positive student perceptions and can support students' basic need satisfaction for relatedness.MethodsA quasi‐experimental intervention study was executed using a mixed‐method approach (N = 257 students) in a BL course in university‐based teacher education. The intervention focuses on three types of learning management system LA data (general, content, and background) that are actively used by the instructor. General data consists of generated time on task, content data deals with the content of a learning path and background data includes information about students' previous education.Results and ConclusionsThe results show that students' perceptions regarding these LA are positive and most in favour of content data. Moreover, the qualitative data illustrate that students acknowledge the potential value of LA for stimulating relatedness.ImplicationsImportant recommendations for the use of LA in BL environments are (1) interest and commitment by the instructor by means of a powerful course intervention, (2) to consider gathering LA data anonymously on the group level, (3) instructors should communicate about the nature of the collected data, (4) actively process this input and, (5) use it in a formative manner.
First‐line chemotherapy or in combination with programmed cell death protein‐1 antibody in patients with metastatic or recurrent biliary tract cancer
Authors: Zhao Shu , Guo Xue‐Guang , Zhang Dong , Zhou Gang , Song Peng , Yang Jing , Zhang Yong , Li Peng , Hu Yi , Wang Peng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough immune checkpoint blockade therapy has achieved great success in various types of cancers, studies on biliary tract cancer are limited. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and tolerability of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with chemotherapy in Chinese patients with BTC.MethodsWe collected medical records of 130 pathologically diagnosed metastatic or recurrent BTC patients who had not received chemotherapy in the advanced stage. Eligible patients who received first‐line chemotherapy ± ICIs were enrolled in the efficacy and safety analysis. We compared progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and duration of response (DoR) between the ICI plus chemotherapy group and chemotherapy alone group.ResultsOf 90 enrolled patients, 45 received ICIs plus chemotherapy and 45 received chemotherapy. The median follow‐up times were 18.7 and 19.6 months, respectively. The median PFS was 5.9 months (95% CI: 4.3–7.5) with ICIs plus chemotherapy, which was significantly longer than the 4.2 months (95% CI: 2.1–6.5) with chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR] 0.62, 95% CI: 0.39–0.94; P = 0.0306). The median OS was 14.7 months (95% CI: 11.4–18.0) compared with 14.2 months (95% CI: 12.5–15.9) (HR 0.93; 95% CI: 0.57–1.50; P = 0.765). Grade 3 or 4 treatment‐related adverse events were similar between these two groups (71.1% and 64.4%, respectively).ConclusionAlthough first‐line ICI therapy plus chemotherapy showed a significant improvement in the median PFS compared with chemotherapy in metastatic or recurrent BTC, the benefit did not translate into a statistically significant OS prolongation. The safety profile for ICIs plus chemotherapy was similar to chemotherapy alone.
Family based treatment of anxiety disorders: A review of the literature (2010–2019)
Authors: Goger Pauline , Weersing V. Robin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnxiety disorders are the most common and impairing mental health problems across the lifespan. Familial factors are strongly implicated in the onset and maintenance of anxiety, but available evidence‐based treatments are usually individual‐focused. The aim of this review was to evaluate the current evidence base (2010–2019) of family based interventions addressing youth and adult anxiety and highlight findings comparing family based and individual‐focused treatments. A systematic literature search was conducted. Articles were considered if they targeted primarily anxiety‐related issues and utilized a randomized controlled trial design, resulting in 22 included youth studies. No adult studies met criteria for inclusion. Overall, family based treatments performed better than no‐treatment controls and as well as individual‐based interventions, with some evidence that family based interventions might outperform individual‐based ones in certain populations (i.e., autism). Family based interventions may represent a good alternative for anxiety treatment in youth. Additional research on family based treatment for anxiety is adults is needed.
Safety of early postoperative hydrotherapy in dogs undergoing thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy
Authors: Mojarradi A. , De Decker S. , Bäckström C. , Bergknut N. 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesHydrotherapy is a common part of the postoperative care after surgical treatment of thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion in dogs. There are currently no guidelines on when to commence hydrotherapy after surgery. Early hydrotherapy may be associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications including surgical site infection and neurological deterioration. The goal of this study was to report the prevalence and types of postoperative complications in dogs receiving early hydrotherapy.Materials and MethodsEighty‐three dogs commencing hydrotherapy within 5 days after surgical treatment for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion were included in a retrospective descriptive study. All postoperative complications were recorded.ResultsTen minor and 16 major complications were recorded in a total of 26 dogs. The majority of recorded complications were unlikely, but not excluded to be, caused by the initiation time of hydrotherapy. One dog developed a surgical site infection and one dog had a confirmed further extrusion of the originally operated intervertebral disc, which may have been influenced by early initiation of hydrotherapy.Clinical SignificanceEarly hydrotherapy is possibly associated with occurrence of postoperative complications. Associations between the reported complications and early hydrotherapy, and possible benefits of early hydrotherapy, need to be further investigated before early initiation of hydrotherapy can be recommended.
Authoritarian Parenting Effect on Children's Executive Control and Individual Alpha Peak Frequency
Authors: Zhang Jiahe , Yan Zhixuan , Nan Wenya , Cai Dan 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTThere is increasing evidence that the authoritarian parenting style has a negative effect on children's executive control, but little is known about the neurobiological mechanism behind this effect, especially the evidence of the resting‐state EEG related to children's brain function. The current study explored the relations between authoritarian parenting and children's executive control among 40 children aged 8–11 years old and examined associations between authoritarian parenting and individual alpha peak frequency (iAPF). Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that after controlling for children's age and parental socioeconomic status, authoritarian parenting style negatively predicts the children's executive control and iAPF in EEG. This study extends previous research on the effect of parenting styles on children's cognitive abilities and provides evidence at the level of neural mechanisms.
Virtues are excellences
Authors: Bloomfield Paul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOne of the few points of unquestioned agreement in virtue theory is that the virtues are supposed to be excellences. One way to understand this is to claim that the virtues always yield correct moral action and that we cannot be “too virtuous”: the virtues cannot be had in excess or “to a fault”. If we take this seriously, however, it yields the surprising conclusion that many traits which have been traditionally thought of as “virtues” fail to make the grade. The most prominent solution to the problem, reminiscent of Aristotle's view, is found to generate more problems than it solves.
Modeling the dependence structure and systemic risk of all listed insurance companies in the Chinese insurance market
Authors: Cao Yufei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs a developing country, China's insurance market is already the second largest insurance market in the world, and its development is inseparable from the comprehensive development of insurance companies' business. At present, insurance companies are engaged in both traditional and nontraditional insurance businesses. Thus, to avoid extreme financial events, the insurance market requires more risk management. Hence, examining systemic risk in the insurance market in China is an interesting research topic. This paper studies the comovement between all listed insurance companies and the insurance market in China by modeling the average and extreme dependence structure using different copula specifications. Furthermore, it analyzes both downside and upside risk spillover effects from insurance companies to the insurance market by quantifying the following three market risk measures: the value‐at‐risk (VaR), the conditional VaR (CoVaR) and the delta CoVaR (ΔCoVaR). Finally, we test the significance of risk spillover effects and provide a formal ranking of the listed insurance companies with respect to their contribution to both the downside and upside systemic risk of the insurance market.
Social and Material Vulnerability in the Face of Seismic Hazard: An Analysis of the Italian Case
Authors: Didkovskyi Oleksandr , Azzone Giovanni , Menafoglio Alessandra , Secchi Piercesare 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe assessment of the vulnerability of a community endangerd by seismic hazard is of paramount importance for planning a precision policy aimed at the prevention and reduction of its seismic risk. We aim at measuring the vulnerability of the Italian municipalities exposed to seismic hazard, by analysing the open data offered by the Mappa dei Rischi dei Comuni Italiani provided by ISTAT, the Italian National Institute of Statistics. Encompassing the Index of Social and Material Vulnerability already computed by ISTAT, we also consider as referents of the latent social and material vulnerability of a community, its demographic dynamics and the age of the building stock where the community resides. Fusing the analyses of different indicators, within the context of seismic risk we offer a tentative ranking of the Italian municipalities in terms of their social and material vulnerability, together with differential profiles of their dominant fragilities which constitute the basis for planning precision policies aimed at seismic risk prevention and reduction.
Changes in attitudes, nothing remains quite the same: Absentee voting and public health
Authors: Owens Mark 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis article examines how the rapid spread of COVID‐19 and political discourse framed absentee ballots as a solution to keep voters safe or a threat to the election's integrity. Did the increased attention to the use of absentee ballots in our elections encourage more people to participate absentee and support changes in Texas's election code to allow no‐excuse absentee voting?MethodsFour surveys of Texas voters were conducted in April, June, September, and October to track voter attitudes about absentee voting during the election.ResultsVoters who were uncomfortable voting in person were more likely to vote absentee and support new reforms. However, voters exposed to messages by elected officials who negatively portrayed the use of absentee voting were less likely to vote absentee during the pandemic and more likely to oppose new reforms.ConclusionDespite the predicted effects of political information, the public's consideration of the health of others create a significant and lasting effect favoring the acceptance of expanding absentee ballots in a state with no‐excuse absentee voting.
Amateur hour: The dominance of purposive benefits among local political party chairs
Authors: Roscoe Douglas D. , Jenkins Shannon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivePrevailing theories posit some party activists are amateurs, driven primarily by purposive benefits, while other activists are professionals, motivated mostly by material benefits. The decline of patronage and the rise of polarization suggest re‐examining the relevancy of this distinction.MethodsThe study uses data from a 2019 survey of 1,060 local party chairs in the United States, covering 49 states.ResultsMost respondents are motivated by purposive benefits, while career motivations are relatively rare. Those who do derive material benefits are only slightly more centrist than their peers and are no more pragmatic and no less likely to derive purposive benefits. A substantial segment of local chairs are interested in seeking elective office, but the motivations of these individuals with ambitions connected to party activism are dominated by purposive benefits as much as those of the unambitious.ConclusionThe study demonstrates the professional–amateur typology no longer accurately characterizes local party activists.
Trade agreements and participation in global value chains: Empirical evidence from Latin America
Authors: Sanguinet Eduardo Rodrigues , Alvim Augusto Mussi , Atienza Miguel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe rise of global sourcing implies a heterogeneous relationship between buyers and suppliers regarding the liberalisation scenarios in emerging countries. This paper analyses the effect of regional trade agreements (RTAs) on participation in the Global Value Chains of Latin American countries between 1995 and 2015. We combine the framework of gravity equations with the trade in value‐added, applying a Pseudo Poisson Maximum Likelihood (PPML) estimator with panel data and fixed effects to deal with endogeneity and heteroscedasticity. Heterogeneous estimations show that the deepest RTAs reinforce the position of lower technology‐industry suppliers, driven by an extra‐regional strategy of Latin American trade policy. The geography of value chains has little effect on industrial upgrading in the region, reducing the development potential. The study concludes that the region's trade policy could reduce the dependent relationship between distant partners and pay more attention to creating shorter value chains as a strategy to generate local capacities to gain competitiveness in value chains.