bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETINAL MICROVASCULAR CHANGES IN UVEAL MELANOMA FOLLOWING CONBERCEPT INJECTION AFTER PLAQUE RADIOTHERAPY AS DETECTED BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY
Authors: Yang Jing Yan , Wang Qian , Chen Meng Xi , Yan Yan Ni , Zhou Wen Jia , Liu Yue Ming , Wei Wen Bin 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
To investigate macular microvascular characteristics imaged by optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with uveal melanoma following conbercept injections after plaque radiotherapy.

Methods:
Prospective comparative analysis comprising 15 patients with uveal melanoma with conbercept injections and 30 patients without conbercept injections after plaque radiotherapy by optical coherence tomography angiography. The conbercept group received intravitreal conbercept injections at the time of plaque removal, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months , 9 months and 12 months after plaque removal (total, 6 injections). The control group had no intravitreal conbercept injection.

Results:
After initiation of conbercept injections, superficial retinal vascular density in the whole image and parafoveal region were significantly higher at 6 months, whereas there was no significant difference at 9 months and 12 months. In analysis of variance analysis, superficial retinal vascular density in the whole image remained stable after conbercept injections (P = 0.069), whereas the superficial retinal vascular density decreased significantly after plaque radiotherapy in the control group (P = 0.011). In multivariable linear regression, a higher superficial retinal vascular density in the whole image region at 6 months was significantly associated with intravitreal conbercept injection (P = 0.018), wider tumor base (P = 0.026), and thinner tumor thickness (P = 0.04).

Conclusion:
Optical coherence tomography angiography can provide a quantitative evaluation of early retinal microvascular changes after radiotherapy. Intravitreal conbercept treatment could partly relieve the retinal vascular damage in response to radiation therapy at early stage in patients with uveal melanoma; however, it may not be able to provide long-term positive functional outcomes.
Assessing the (anti)-inflammatory potential of diets
Authors: Bahr Lina Samira , Franz Kristina , Mähler Anja 
Published: June 2021

Purpose of review
It is accepted that several chronic diseases are associated with inflammation. Dietary habits and the consumption of certain nutrients have been shown to influence inflammation, reflected by inflammatory cytokines. In this narrative review, we discuss currently developed tools to assess the inflammatory potential of diets and compare them with established tools.

Recent findings
Four new indices were recently developed. The Inflammatory Score of the Diet is a modified version of the established Dietary Inflammatory Index. The novel Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Index works without previous dietary intake assessment and the Anti-Inflammatory Diet Index was specifically developed in a northern European population. The Dietary and Lifestyle Inflammation Scores addresses additional confounders. The informative value of dietary indices relies on the accuracy and completeness of dietary intake assessment.

Summary
Dietary inflammatory indices are important tools to assess, compare and validate the inflammatory potential of diets across populations without the need for biomarker assessments. They allow to investigate associations between an (anti)-inflammatory diet with disease risk and course. Although the Dietary Inflammatory Index remains the most used index worldwide, currently developed indices allow more flexibility, have a different focus or simplify assessment. Additional foods, that were recently shown to modulate inflammation, but are not (fully) considered yet, may deserve more attention in the future.
Modeling the waves of Covid-19
Authors: Cherednik Ivan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe challenges with modeling the spread of Covid-19 are its power-type growth during the middle stages with the exponents depending on time, and the saturations mainly due to the protective measures, though weakening and partial destruction of the virus due to mutations is a consideration too. The two-phase solution we propose for the total number of detected cases of Covid-19 describes the actual curves in many countries almost with the accuracy of physics laws. Bessel functions play the key role in our approach. The differential equations we obtain are of universal type; they describe momentum risk-management in behavioral psychology, transient processes in invasion ecology, etc. Due to a very small number of parameters, namely, the initial transmission rate and the intensity of the hard and soft measures, we obtain a convincing explanation of the surprising uniformity of the spread in many different areas. This theory can be used for forecasting the epidemic spread, evaluating the efficiency of the protective measures and the vaccinations. For instance, the early projection for the 3rd wave in the USA was very exact. The data until summer 2021 for India, South Africa and UK are discussed.
Nasogastric tube in critical care setting: combining ETCO2 and pH measuring to confirm correct placement
Authors: Ceruti S. , Dell’Era S. , Ruggiero F. , Bona G. , Glotta A. , Biggiogero M. , Tasciotti E. , Kronenberg C. , Saporito A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionnasogastric tube (NGT) placement is a common procedure performed in critical care setting. Chest X-Ray is the diagnostic gold-standard to confirm correct placement, with the downsides of both the need for critical care patients’ mobilization and intrinsic actinic risk. Other potential methods to confirm NGT placement have shown lower accuracy compared to chest X-ray; ETCO2 and pH analysis have singularly yet investigated as an alternative to the gold standard. Aim of this study was to determine thresholds in combine measurements of ETCO2 and pH values, at which correct NGT positioning can be confirmed with the highest accuracy.Material & Methodsa prospective, multicenter, observational trial; a continuous cohort of eligible patients was allocated to two arms, to identify clear cut-off threshold able to detect correct NGT tip positioning with the maximal accuracy. Patients underwent general anesthesia and orotracheal intubation; in the first group difference between tracheal and esophageal ETCO2 values were assessed. In the second group difference between esophageal and gastric pH values were determined.Resultsfrom November 2020 to March 2021, 85 consecutive patients were enrolled: 40 in the ETCO2 group and 45 in the pH group. The ETCO2 ROC analysis for predicting NGT tracheal misplacement demonstrate an optimal ETCO2 cutoff value of 25.5 mmHg, where both sensitivity than specificity reach 1.0 (AUC 1.0, p < 0.001). The pH ROC analysis for predicting NGT correct gastric placement demonstrated the optimal pH cutoff value at 4.25, with a mild diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.79, p < 0.001).DiscussionA device capable of combining the presence of a negative marker with a positive marker could be accurate enough in identifying the correct NGTs positioning. Further studies are required to validate the reproducibility of these results by a specific device, whose accuracy also ought to be compared with standard chest X-ray.Trial number: NCT03934515 (www.clinicaltrials.gov)
COVID in Post Vaccinated individuals- Beacon of Light
Authors: Sashindran VK , Rajesh K , Nigam Ankur , Mohakuda Sourya Sourabh , Bhati Navin , Mohapatra D 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionCOVISHIELD and COVAXIN have been introduced post rapid approval as COVID vaccines in India, which has the second most COVID cases across countries. These vaccines are being administered in a two-dose schedule from 16 Jan 2021. This study deals with the clinical profile of individuals who developed COVID infection post-COVID vaccination.This is the first study of similar nature in India.MethodologyThe study population comprised of individuals who were detected to be COVID positive 04 weeks post-vaccination and were compared with individuals detected positive within the first 04 weeks of vaccination. Data was collected in a digital questionnaire format and analyzed with SPSS v-23 software. Clinical features were profiled in detail. Chi-square analysis was done to find out the association of various demographic features with the severity of the disease.ResultsIn the study population, fever was the commonest symptom (75.1%) followed by anosmia (72.1%), and shortness of breath (16.3%). There was a lower incidence of fever, cough, dyspnea, and requirement of hospitalization in the study population as compared to the control group and previous epidemiological data. The time required for complete recovery and disease severity was favorable in our study population. There was a significant correlation in the rate of hospitalization among the study group and the comparative group (p=0.0001) and between the number of dosage of COVID vaccine with the lowest SpO2 recorded (p=0.001).ConclusionThis study will boost the ongoing initiative of having a maximal vaccinated population countrywide and emphasize the need for two doses of vaccination.
Artemisinin-based hybrids produce intracellular proteasome inhibitors that overcome resistance in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Zhan Wenhu , Liu Yi Jing , Yang Changmei , Zhang Hao , Harris Jacob C. , Wang Rong , Zhu Songbiao , Sherman Julian , Sukenick George , Rodriguez Ana , Deng Haiteng , Nathan Carl F. , Kirkman Laura A. , Lin Gang 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTArtemisinin resistant Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) is spreading despite combination chemotherapy (ACT). Here we report the design of artezomibs, single-molecule hybrids of an artemisinin and a Pf-selective proteasome inhibitor. Artezomibs exert a novel mode of action inside the malaria parasites. The artemisinin component covalently modifies parasite proteins, which become substrates of the Pf proteasome. The proteasomal degradation products that bear the proteasome inhibitor component of the hybrid then inhibit Pf proteasomes, including those with mutations that reduce binding affinity of the proteasome inhibitor component on its own. We demonstrated that artezomibs circumvent both artemisinin resistance conferred by Kelch13 polymorphism and resistance to the proteasome inhibitor associated with mutations in Pf proteasomes. This mode of action may enable the use of a single molecule with one pharmacokinetic profile to prevent the emergence of resistance.
An evolutionarily conserved odontode gene regulatory network underlies head armor formation in suckermouth armored catfish
Authors: Mori Shunsuke , Nakamura Tetsuya 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTOdontodes, i.e., teeth and tooth-like structures, consist of a pulp cavity and dentine covered by a mineralized cap. These structures first appeared on the outer surface of vertebrate ancestors and were repeatedly lost and gained across vertebrate clades; yet, the underlying genetic mechanisms and trajectories of this recurrent evolution remain long-standing mysteries. Here, we established suckermouth armored catfish (Ancistrus sp.; Loricariidae), which have uniquely evolved dermal odontodes (dermal denticles) all over most of their body surface, as an experimental model animal amenable to genetic manipulation for studying odontode development. Our histological analysis showed that suckermouth armored catfish develop dermal denticles through the previously defined odontode developmental stages.De novotranscriptomic profiling identified the conserved odontode genetic regulatory network (oGRN) as well as unique expression ofpaired like homeodomain 2(pitx2), previously characterized as an early regulator of oGRN in teeth, in developing dermal denticles. Knockdown ofpitx2perturbed formation of the epithelial placode of dermal denticles and altered expression oGRN genes. By comprehensively identifying the genetic program for dermal odontode development in suckermouth armored catfish, this work illuminates how dermal odontodes independently evolved and diverged in distinct teleost lineages.Summary statementCranial dermal denticles in suckermouth armored catfish develop via an evolutionarily conserved and unique odontode genetic regulatory network.
Mucosal immunization with DTaP confers protection against Bordetella pertussis infection and cough in Sprague-Dawley rats
Authors: Hall Jesse M. , Bitzer Graham J. , DeJong Megan A. , Kang Jason , Wong Ting Y. , Wolf M. Allison , Bevere Justin R , Barbier Mariette , Damron F. Heath 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTPertussis is a respiratory disease caused by the Gram-negative pathogen, Bordetella pertussis (Bp). The transition from a whole cell pertussis vaccine (wP; DTP) to an acellular pertussis vaccine (aP; DTaP; Tdap) correlates with an increase in pertussis cases, despite widespread vaccine implementation and coverage, and it is now appreciated that the protection provided by aP rapidly wanes. To recapitulate the localized immunity observed from natural infection, mucosal vaccination with aP was explored using the coughing rat model of pertussis. Immunity induced by both oral gavage (OG) and intranasal (IN) vaccination of aP in Bp challenged rats over a nine-day infection was compared to intramuscular (IM)-wP and IM-aP immunized rats that were used as positive controls as IM immunization is the current route for wP and aP vaccination. Our data demonstrate that both IN and OG immunization of aP resulted in production of anti-Bp IgG antibody titers similar to IM-wP and IM-aP vaccinated controls post-challenge. IN-aP also induced anti-Bp IgA antibodies in the nasal cavity. Immunization with IM-wP, IM-aP, IN-aP, and OG-aP immunization protected against Bp induced cough, while OG-aP immunization did not protect against respiratory distress. Mucosal immunization (IN-aP and OG-aP) also protected against acute inflammation and decreased bacterial burden in the lung compared to mock vaccinated challenge (MVC) rats. The data presented in this study suggests that mucosal vaccination with aP can induce a mucosal immune response and provide protection against Bp challenge.
Numerical study on trajectory of released store with manipulation of grid connections
Authors: Razzaghi Mohammad Mehdi 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This study aims to present a moving grid method based on the manipulation of connections.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the grid’s connections were manipulated to simulate a released store’s displacement. The selected model in this research is the EGLIN test case. In the introduced method, connections are modified in specific nodes of the grid. Governing flow equations were solved with the finite volume method. The major characteristic of this technique is using the averaging method for calculating the flux of cells.

Findings
This method maintains the grid’s quality even in large displacements of the released store. The three-dimensional simulation was carried out in transonic and supersonic regimes. Comparison of the results with experimental data were highly satisfactory.

Research limitations/implications
Using this moving grid method is recommended for simulating other models.

Practical implications
Prediction of store trajectory released from air vehicles is one of the most critical issues under study especially in the design of new stores.

Originality/value
The most prominent advantage of this method is maintaining the grid quality simultaneous with large displacements of the released store.
Candibod: building an online fitness brand through Instagram communities in the southern hemisphere
Authors: Chohan Raeesah , Reyneke Mignon , Barnardo Claire 
Published: June 2021

Study level/applicability
The primary target audience for this teaching case is postgraduate business students, especially students of digital marketing, strategy and e-commerce, social media marketing, entrepreneurship and sports marketing. This teaching case is intended to be used as a case study in postgraduate business programmes such as Master of Business Administration, a specialist masters programme such as MM (entrepreneurship), postgraduate diploma in management, as well as selected executive education programmes.

Subject area
This case can be used in the subject areas of digital marketing, strategy and e-commerce, social media marketing, entrepreneurship and sports marketing.

Case overview
This case looks at South African fitness Instapreneur Candice Bodington and how her business trajectory unfolded at the same time of the successful Australian Kayla Itsines. The case begins with Bodington considering options for her brand in January 2020. Following her business, Candibod’s, fast initial growth via Instagram, the case tracks its development while also glancing at the enormous success of Itsines and her Sweat with Kayla app. However, as Bodington faces her own health care, the future and next steps of a brand built on social media becomes less certain. The case ends just a few months later with the unfolding effects of Covid-19 and a whole new host of uncertainties, especially in the fitness industry and Bodington having to reconsider her brand’s options.

Expected learning outcomes
The learning outcome of this paper is as follows: to understand the challenges of building an online brand. To evaluate the effect of brand communities as a growth strategy. To analyse the impact of social media platforms as a brand-building tool. To critically assess the effect of changing industry dynamics and technology on consumer behaviour. To evaluate how brands can navigate the negative implications of social media. To understand brand differentiation. To understand the strategic decisions associated with brand repositioning.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.

Keywords
Digital marketing, Brand building, Social media marketing, Strategic marketing
Collaboration strategy selection in BIM-enabled construction projects: a perspective through typical collaboration profiles
Authors: Chen Guangchong , Chen Jiayu , Tang Yuchun , Ning Yan , Li Qiming 
Published: June 2021

PurposeCollaboration is essential to BIM-enabled construction projects (BECPs). To facilitate collaboration, various strategies have been proposed. Usually, project team adopts single collaboration strategy for convenience. However, BIM-based collaboration is rather dynamic and exposed to a lot of barriers and risks, which easily changes collaboration conditions among partners. Therefore, better understanding of collaboration conditions in BECPs is crucial to develop flexible and suitable strategies. To fill in the gap, this study intends to identify typical collaboration profiles in BECPs and develop a profile-oriented strategy selection framework.Design/methodology/approachThis study establishes a six-dimensional collaborative behavior matric based on a comprehensive literature review to profile collaboration. Then a questionnaire survey is conducted to collect the collaboration data from 162 BECPs in China. Finally, latent profile analysis (LPA) is utilized to identify the typical collaboration profiles in BECPs.FindingsThrough LPA, four profiles are identified, including restricted collaboration profile, smarmy collaboration profile, intuitive collaboration profile, and modest collaboration profile. A profile-oriented strategy selection framework is also established to match strategies with collaboration profiles. Two major categories of strategies are proposed to promote these collaboration profiles including trust building and elevating strategies and collaborative behaviors facilitating strategies.Research limitations/implicationsThese identified profiles can provide an insightful understanding on the diversified collaboration conditions in BECPs.Practical implicationsThe profile-oriented strategy selection framework will help managers develop strategies flexibly to promote collaboration in BECPs.Originality/valueThis study validates four typical collaboration profiles in BECPs. Moreover, a profile-oriented strategy selection framework is also established for collaboration facilitation in BECPs.
African leadership university: implementation strategies for innovative mass higher education
Authors: Mzyece Mjumo , Soumonni Ogundiran , Townsend Stephanie Althea 
Published: June 2021

Learning outcomes
After studying this case, students should be able to: explain how strategic management relates to the areas of innovation, operations, technology, entrepreneurship and emerging markets; analyse strategy implementation and execution at the operational level, in contrast to strategy formulation at the strategic mission, values and vision level; discuss innovation, entrepreneurship and new technologies in emerging markets; and assess the impact of technology-driven entrepreneurship on significant socio-economic change that is on transformational entrepreneurship, in emerging markets.

Case overview/synopsis
This case outlines key global challenges facing higher education in the African context. It discusses the African Leadership University (ALU) as an innovative higher education institution, including its origins, establishment, strategy and purpose, curriculum, technology and operations, student support network and funding. It also describes ALU’s ongoing challenges and future prospects. ALU was launched in 2015 by Fred Swaniker, founder and chief executive officer and Khurram Masood, co-founder and chief operating officer. ALU’s vision was to transform Africa by developing and connecting three million high-calibre, ethical and entrepreneurial leaders by 2035. In August 2019, Swaniker and Masood considered how to ensure ALU’s sustainability and its vision. They had already changed ALU’s operational strategy by establishing micro-campuses instead of universities to scale rapidly and avoid regulatory barriers. However, would that be enough to uphold ALU’s vision for 2035?

Complexity academic level
This case is appropriate for postgraduate-level academic programmes and executive education programmes in management.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.