bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Storage-Discharge Relationships under Forest Cover Change in Ethiopian Highlands
Authors: Gebrehiwot Solomon Gebreyohannis , Breuer Lutz , Lyon Steve W. 
Published: August 2021

Detecting the impacts of forest cover changes on hydrology is challenging given uncertainties in how changes will manifest in observed streamflow. Considering changes in the rate of change of observed streamflow (e.g., recession characteristics) may offer insights to hydrological shifts driven by forest cover change that are not seen when considering absolute changes of streamflow itself. This study assesses the impacts of forest cover changes on the storage–discharge relationships in three meso-scale watersheds in the highlands of Ethiopia based on a 30-year hydro-climatic and land cover change dataset. We analyze streamflow recessions and fitted parameters of a linear reservoir model to depict fundamental shifts in the storage–discharge relation for these watersheds. Our analysis shows that recession slopes and the total storages increase as natural forest covers decrease in the 273 km2 Woshi-Dimbira and 1980 km2 Upper-Didesa watersheds. The linear reservoir model storage coefficient parameter shows an increasing trend with time for the 41 km2 Sokoru watershed which is afforested, indicating faster drainage and reduction in storage. Our work highlights that considering storage–discharge relationships may be useful for assessing the impacts of forest cover change on water resources in regions where land use change is active and rapid.
PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM PANDANGAN M.NATSIR
Authors: Waluyo Waluyo 
Published: August 2021

Pendidikan Islam bertransformasi seakan hanya befungsi sekedar tambal sulam saja. Maka tidak mengherankan, apabila pendidikan Islam di satu sisi masih saja mendapati tampilan yang sangat tradisional dengan tetap memakai baju lama (the old fashion), dan di sisi lain kita juga mendapati tampilan pendidikan Islam yang relatif modern, terkesan matrealistik dan sekularistik. Adanya dualisme corak pendidikan islam yang kemudian menyulitkan integrasi paradigma antara ilmu agama dan ilmu umum. Tulisan ini menfokuskan pada biografi peta intelektualitas M. Natsir dan sampai pada guru-gurunya kedua membahas bagaimana pemikiran M. Natsir tentang pendidikan Islam. Dari dua hal ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi terkait biografi dan alur berpikir M. Natsir tentang Pendidikan Islam. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penulisan library research buku M. Natsir, Islam Sebagai Dasar Negara dan Capita Selecta menjadi rujukan buku primer di samping itu buku lainnya yang membahas tentang biografi dan pemikiran M. Natsir sebagai rujukan sekunder. Dalam menganalisis menggunakan pendekatan teori deduktif hipotesis dimana teori ini tersusun atas seperangkat proposisi hipotesis, kemudian dari hipotesis-hipotesis yang lebih tinggi ditarik serangkaian deduktif secara logis. Hasil yang dicapai dalam tulisan ini berupa biografi dan pikiran pendidikan Islam Natsir. Seperti yang digambarkan sebelumnya secara garis besar mencakup tentang ideologi pendidikan, bertumpu kepada ajaran tauhid yang melahirkan pandangan terhadap pendidikan secara holistik non dikotomik, tujuan pendidikan, materi pendidikan, metode yang harus disesuaikan dengan materi dan tujuan yang akan dicapai, hubungan guru dengan murid dalam pendidikan Islam.
Identifikasi Tingkat Pemakaian Obat Menggunakan Metode Fuzzy C-Means
Authors: Rusnedy Hidayati , Nurcahyo Gunadi Widi , Sumijan S 
Published: August 2021

Obat merupakan salah satu komponen tak tergantikan dalam pelayanan Kesehatan yang dapat membantu dalam mengobati masyarakat yang sakit. Perencanaan kebutuhan obat merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam pengelolaan obat, karena berpengaruh pada pengadaan, peredaran dan penggunaan obat di unit pelayanan kesehatan. Perencanaan kebutuhan obat yang tepat akan menjadikan pengadaan efektif dan efisien sehingga sesuai dengan kebutuhan pelayanan kesehatan dengan kualitas yang terjamin dan dapat diperoleh pada saat dibutuhkan. Puskesmas merupakan salah satu pelayanan kesehatan yang dikelola di bawah Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten dan Kota. Namun pada kenyataannya masih terdapat kendala dalam proses pengadaan obat di Puskesmas sehingga belum mencapai pelayanan prima terkait ketersediaan pelayanan obat. Clustering dalam Data Mining dapat digunakan untuk menganalisa pemakaian obat-obatan, perencanaan dan pengendalian obat-obatan di Puskesmas. Metode yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah algoritma Fuzzy C-Means yang merupakan metode pembelajaran mesin tanpa pengawasan yang paling banyak digunakan dan relatif berhasil di antara banyak algoritma pengelompokan fuzzy. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengelompokkan data obat-obatan yang dapat digunakan sebagai referensi dalam pengambilan keputusan dalam perencanaan dan pengendalian pasokan medis di puskesmas tersebut. Berdasarkan 501 record data LPLPO Bulanan Farmasi pada bulan Oktober 2020-Februari 2021, didapatkan hasil cluster satu sebanyak 179 jenis obat yang termasuk ke dalam tingkat pemakaian rendah, cluster 2 terdapat 18 jenis obat yang termasuk ke dalam tingkat pemakaian sedang dan cluster 3 sebanyak 4 jenis obat yang termasuk ke dalam tingkat pemakaian tinggi
RISK FACTORS FOR DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY AMONG NON INSULIN DEPENDENT PATIENTS WHO ATTENDED CITY HALL'S STAFF CLINIC IN KUALA LUMPUR
Authors: Umi Ahmad  , Md. Idris Mohd Nor  , Osman Ali  
Published: August 2021

Diabetes mellitus and its main complication, nephropathy, affects the economic wellbeing and quality of life of the sufferers and the population. A matched case control study was conducted in September 1998 to investigate the factors involved with nephropathy such as diabetic control, smoking, hypertension, family history of diabetes and diabetic duration. Respondents were classified based on the presence of microalbuminuria or macroalbuminuria. Seventy-two pairs of case and control were studied. Duration of diabetes (p = 0.005), presence of lethargy and weakness prior to diabetes diagnosis (p = 0.019), duration of smoking (p = 0.014), duration of hypertension (p= 0.000), systolic hypertension (p= 0.025), uncontrolled diabetes with poor HbAlc level (p= 0.026) and lack of diabetes knowledge (p = 0.037) were factors which related significantly to nephropathy by univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, systolic hypertension (p = 0.0015), lack of diabetes knowledge (p = 0.0197), presence of lethargy symptom (p = 0.0027), prolonged diabetic duration (p = 0.0301) and higher body mass indices ( p = 0.0213) were predictors to diabetic nephropathy.
A Radial-velocity Search for Binary RR Lyrae Variables
Authors: Barnes III Thomas G. , Guggenberger Elisabeth , Kolenberg Katrien 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report 272 radial velocities for 19 RR Lyrae variables. For most of the stars we have radial velocities for the complete pulsation cycle. These data are used to determine robust center-of-mass radial velocities that have been compared to values from the literature in a search for evidence of binary systems. Center-of-mass velocities were determined for each star using Fourier Series and template fits to the radial velocities. Our center-of-mass velocities have uncertainties from ±0.16 km s−1 to ±2.5 km s−1, with a mean uncertainty of ±0.92 km s−1. We combined our center-of-mass velocities with values from the literature to look for deviations from the mean center-of-mass velocity of each star. Fifteen RR Lyrae show no evidence of binary motion (BK And, CI And, Z CVn, DM Cyg, BK Dra, RR Gem, XX Hya, SZ Leo, BX Leo, TT Lyn, CN Lyr, TU Per, U Tri, RV UMa, and AV Vir). In most cases this conclusion is reached due to the sporadic sampling of the center-of-mass velocities over time. Three RR Lyrae show suspicious variation in the center-of-mass velocities that may indicate binary motion but do not prove it (SS Leo, ST Leo, and AO Peg). TU UMa was observed by us near a predicted periastron passage (at 0.14 in orbital phase) but the absence of additional center-of-mass velocities near periastron makes the binary detection, based on radial velocities alone, uncertain. Two stars in our sample show Hγ emission in phases 0.9–1.0: SS Leo and TU UMa.
A Lyα Transit Left Undetected: the Environment and Atmospheric Behavior of K2-25b
Authors: Rockcliffe Keighley E. , Newton Elisabeth R. , Youngblood Allison , Bourrier Vincent , Mann Andrew W. , Berta-Thompson Zachory , Agüeros Marcel A. , Núñez Alejandro , Charbonneau David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
K2-25b is a Neptune-sized exoplanet (3.45R
⊕) that orbits its M4.5 host with a period of 3.48 days. Due to its membership in the Hyades Cluster, the system has a known age (727 ± 75 Myr). K2-25b’s youth and its similarities with Gl 436b suggested that K2-25b could be undergoing strong atmospheric escape. We observed two transits of K2-25b at Lyα using HST/STIS in order to search for escaping neutral hydrogen. We were unable to detect an exospheric signature, but placed an upper limit of (R

p
/R
⋆)∣
Ly
α
< 0.56 at 95% confidence by fitting the light curve of the Lyα red wing, or < 1.20 in the blue wing. We reconstructed the intrinsic Lyα profile of K2-25 to determine its Lyα flux, and analyzed XMM-Newton observations to determined its X-ray flux. Based on the total X-ray and extreme ultraviolet irradiation of the planet (8763 ± 1049 erg s−1 cm−2), we estimated the maximum energy-limited mass-loss rate of K2-25b to be

10.6

−
6.13

+
15.2

×

10

10

g s−1 (0.56M
⊕ per 1 Gyr), five times larger than the similarly estimated mass-loss rate of Gl 436b (2.2 × 1010 g s−1). The photoionization time is about 3 hr, significantly shorter than Gl 436b’s 14 hr. A nondetection of a Lyα transit could suggest K2-25b is not significantly losing its atmosphere, or factors of the system are resulting in the mass loss being unobservable (e.g., atmosphere composition or the system’s large high-energy flux). Further observations could provide more stringent constraints.
Variability of Magnetically Dominated Jets from Accreting Black Holes
Authors: Janiuk Agnieszka , James Bestin , Palit Ishika 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Structured jets have recently been invoked to explain the complex emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), such as GW170817. Based on accretion simulations, the jets are expected to have a structure that is more complex than a simple top-hat structure. Also, the structure of the launch regions of blazar jets should influence their large-scale evolution. This was recently revealed by the interactions of jet components in TXS 0506+056, where the jet was observed at a viewing angle close to zero. Observational studies have also shown an anticorrelation between the jet variability, measured, e.g., by its minimum variability timescale, and the Lorentz factor, which spans several orders of magnitude and covers both blazars and GRBs samples. Motivated by those observational properties of black hole sources, we investigate the accretion inflow and outflow properties by means of numerical gamma-ray MHD simulations. We perform axisymmetric calculations of the structure and evolution of a central engine, composed of a magnetized torus around a Kerr black hole that is launching a nonuniform jet. We probe the jet energetics at different points along the line of sight, and we measure the jet-time variability as localized in these specific regions. We quantify our results by computing the minimum variability timescales and power density spectra. We reproduce the MTS–Γ correlation and we attribute it to the black hole’s spin as the main driving parameter of the engine. We also find that the power density spectral slope is not strongly affected by the black hole’s spin, while it differs for various viewing angles.
Spectral Transfer and Kármán–Howarth–Monin Equations for Compressible Hall Magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Hellinger Petr , Papini Emanuele , Verdini Andrea , Landi Simone , Franci Luca , Matteini Lorenzo , Montagud-Camps Victor 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We derive two new forms of the Kármán–Howarth–Monin (KHM) equation for decaying compressible Hall magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. We test them on results of a weakly compressible, 2D, moderate-Reynolds-number Hall MHD simulation and compare them with an isotropic spectral transfer (ST) equation. The KHM and ST equations are automatically satisfied during the whole simulation owing to the periodic boundary conditions and have complementary cumulative behavior. They are used here to analyze the onset of turbulence and its properties when it is fully developed. These approaches give equivalent results characterizing the decay of the kinetic + magnetic energy at large scales, the MHD and Hall cross-scale energy transfer/cascade, the pressure dilatation, and the dissipation. The Hall cascade appears when the MHD one brings the energy close to the ion inertial range and is related to the formation of reconnecting current sheets. At later times, the pressure dilatation energy exchange rate oscillates around zero, with no net effect on the cross-scale energy transfer when averaged over a period of its oscillations. A reduced 1D analysis suggests that all three methods may be useful to estimate the energy cascade rate from in situ observations.
Nearby SN-associated GRB 190829A: Environment, Jet Structure, and VHE Gamma-Ray Afterglows
Authors: Zhang Lu-Lu , Ren Jia , Huang Xiao-Li , Liang Yun-Feng , Lin Da-Bin , Liang En-Wei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present a self-consistent paradigm to interpret the striking features of nearby low-luminosity GRB 190829A. Its prompt gamma-ray lightcurve has two separated pulses. We propose that the interaction of the hard prompt gamma-ray photons (

E

p

=

624

−
303

+
2432

keV) of its initial pulse with the dusty medium (A

V
= 2.33) not only results in the second soft gamma-ray pulse (E

p
∼ 12 keV) but also makes a pre-accelerated e
± -rich medium shell via the γγ annihilation. In this paradigm, we show that the observed radio, optical, and X-ray afterglow lightcurves are well-fitted with the forward shock model. Its jet is almost isotropic (θ

j
> 1.0 rad) with a Lorentz factor of ∼35, and the electron density of the e
± -rich medium shell is ∼15 cm−3, which is about seven times higher than the electron density of its normal surrounding medium. The GRB ejecta catches up with and propagates into the e
± -rich medium shell at a region of R = (4.07–6.46) × 1016 cm. This results in a bright afterglow bump at ∼103 seconds after the GRB trigger. The predicted very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray emission from the synchrotron self-Compton process agrees with the H.E.S.S. observation. The derived broadband spectral energy distribution shows that GRB 190829A like nearby GRBs would be promising targets of the VHE gamma-ray telescopes, such as H.E.S.S., MAGIC, and CTA (Cerenkov Telescope Arrays).
Dark X-Ray Galaxies in the A1367 Galaxy Cluster
Authors: Henriksen Mark J. , Dusek Scott 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We have characterized a sample of extended X-ray sources in the A1367 galaxy cluster that lack optical counterparts. The sources are galaxy size and have an average total mass of 1.3 × 1011 solar masses. The average hot gas mass is 3.0 × 109 solar masses and the average X-ray luminosity is 4.3 × 1041 erg cm−2 s−1. Analysis of a composite source spectrum indicates the X-ray emission is thermal, with temperature of 1.25–1.45 keV and has low metallicity, 0.026–0.067 solar. The average hot gas radius (12.7 kpc) is well matched to nominal stripping radius. We argue that this optically dark, X-ray bright galaxy population forms by a sequence of stripping followed by heating and mixing with the intracluster medium.
PAH Spectroscopy from 1 to 5 μm
Authors: Allamandola L. J. , Boersma C. , Lee T. J. , Bregman J. D. , Temi P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The PAH model predicts many weak emission features in the 1–5 μm region that can resolve significant questions that it has faced since its inception in the mid-80s. These features contain fundamental information about the PAH population that is inaccessible via the much stronger PAH bands in the 5–20 μm region. Apart from the 3.3 μm band and plateau, PAH spectroscopy across most of the 1–5 μm region has been unexplored due to its low intrinsic intensity. ISO and Akari covered some of this wavelength range, but lacked the combined sensitivity and resolution to measure the predicted bands with sufficient fidelity. The spectroscopic capabilities of the NIRSpec instrument on board JWST will make it possible to measure and fully characterize many of the PAH features expected in this region. These include the fundamental, overtone and combination C–D and C ≡ N stretching bands of deuterated PAHs, cyano-PAHs (PAH-C≡N), and the overtones and combinations of the strong PAH bands that dominate the 5–20 μm region. These bands will reveal the amount of D tied up in PAHs, the PAH D/H ratio, the D distribution between PAH aliphatic and aromatic subcomponents, and delineate key stages in PAH formation and evolution on an object-by-object basis and within extended objects. If cyano-PAHs are present, these bands will also reveal the amount of cyano groups tied up in PAHs, determine the N/C ratio within that PAH subset, and distinguish between the bands near 4.5 μm that arise from CD versus C ≡ N.
Luminosity Dependence of the Cyclotron Line Energy in 1A 0535+262 Observed by Insight-HXMT during the 2020 Giant Outburst
Authors: Kong L. D. , Zhang S. , Ji L. , Reig P. , Doroshenko V. , Santangelo A. , Staubert R. , Zhang S. N. , Soria R. , Chang Z. , Chen Y. P. , Wang P. J. , Tao L. , Qu J. L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report on a detailed spectral analysis of the transient X-ray pulsar 1A 0535+262, which underwent the brightest giant outburst ever recorded for this source from 2020 November to December with a peak luminosity of 1.2 × 1038 erg s−1. Thanks to the unprecedented energy coverage and high-cadence observations provided by Insight-HXMT, we were able to find for the first time evidence for a transition of the accretion regime. At high luminosity, above the critical luminosity 6.7 × 1037 erg s−1, the cyclotron absorption line energy anticorrelates with luminosity. Below the critical luminosity, a positive correlation is observed. Therefore, 1A 0535+262 becomes the second source after V0332+53, which clearly shows an anticorrelation above and transition between correlation and anticorrelation around the critical luminosity. The evolution of both the observed CRSF line energy and broadband X-ray continuum spectrum throughout the outburst exhibits significant differences during the rising and fading phases; that is, for a similar luminosity, the spectral parameters take different values, which results in hysteresis patterns for several spectral parameters including the cyclotron line energy. We argue that, similar to V0332+53, these changes might be related to the different geometry of the emission region in rising and declining parts of the outburst, probably due to changes in the accretion disk structure and its interaction with the magnetosphere of the neutron star.
Cosmic-Ray Acceleration from Turbulence in Molecular Clouds
Authors: Gaches Brandt A. L. , Walch Stefanie , Lazarian A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Low-energy cosmic rays, in particular protons with energies below 1 GeV, are significant drivers of the thermochemistry of molecular clouds. However, these cosmic rays are also greatly impacted by energy losses and magnetic field transport effects in molecular gas. Explaining cosmic-ray ionization rates of 10−16 s−1 or greater in dense gas requires either a high external cosmic-ray flux, or local sources of MeV–GeV cosmic-ray protons. We present a new local source of low-energy cosmic rays in molecular clouds: first-order Fermi acceleration of protons in regions undergoing turbulent reconnection in molecular clouds. We show from energetic-based arguments there is sufficient energy within the magnetohydrodynamic turbulent cascade to produce ionization rates compatible with inferred ionization rates in molecular clouds. As turbulent reconnection is a volume-filling process, the proposed mechanism can produce a near-homogeneous distribution of low-energy cosmic rays within molecular clouds.
Lucy Mission to the Trojan Asteroids: Science Goals
Authors: Levison Harold F. , Olkin Catherine B. , Noll Keith S. , Marchi Simone , Bell III James F. , Bierhaus Edward , Binzel Richard , Bottke William , Britt Dan , Brown Michael , Buie Marc , Christensen Phil , Emery Joshua , Grundy Will , Hamilton Victoria E. , Howett Carly , Mottola Stefano , Pätzold Martin , Reuter Dennis , Spencer John , Statler Thomas S. , Stern S. Alan , Sunshine Jessica , Weaver Harold , Wong Ian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Lucy Mission is a NASA Discovery-class mission to send a highly capable and robust spacecraft to investigate seven primitive bodies near both the L4 and L5 Lagrange points with Jupiter: the Jupiter Trojan asteroids. These planetesimals from the outer planetary system have been preserved since early in solar system history. The Lucy mission will fly by and extensively study a diverse selection of Trojan asteroids, including all the recognized taxonomic classes, a collisional family member, and a near equal-mass binary. It will visit objects with diameters ranging from roughly 1 km to 100 km. The payload suite consists of a color camera and infrared imaging spectrometer, a high-resolution panchromatic imager, and a thermal infrared spectrometer. Additionally, two spacecraft subsystems will also contribute to the science investigations: the terminal tracking cameras will supplement imaging during closest approach and the telecommunication subsystem will be used to measure the mass of the Trojans. The science goals are derived from the 2013 Planetary Decadal Survey and include determining the surface composition, assessing the geology, determining the bulk properties, and searching for satellites and rings.
Les écoles de dessin linéaire de la Restauration
Authors: Bodé Gérard 
Published: August 2021

À partir des départements du Lot et de l’Yonne, cet article montre l’importance des configurations locales pour le développement de l’enseignement du dessin linéaire dans la première moitié du xixe siècle. Envisagé comme une formation élémentaire et généraliste, celui-ci anticipe parfois les sollicitations ministérielles. Les cours confiés à des instituteurs sont autant d’expériences à l’ambition pédagogique et à la pérennité très inégales, mais leur existence dans de nombreuses communes témoigne d’un intérêt partagé.