bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Applications of Mating Conditions in Assembly Sequence Planning Task
Authors: Dulyapraphant Pongsak , Ozsoy Tulga 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Because of their intuitive interface, mating conditions have been prevalently used in assembly modelling. Besides their use for modelling purposes, other type of information, such as spatial relationships between parts and local degrees of freedom, can be directly derived from mating conditions. This information in turn can be used in various engineering analysis applications, such as kinematics analysis or automatic tolerance chain generation for tolerance analysis. In this paper, application of mating conditions in an assembly sequence-planning task is investigated. The proposed approach mainly engages the mating information represented in the CAD assembly model to automatically generate sequence plans based on the minimization of the number of assembly directions.
On the Application of Tensor Product Solids in Heterogeneous Solid Modeling
Authors: Marsan Anne , Dutta Debasish 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
With the development of layered manufacturing (LM) technologies, engineers are now able to build objects which are composed of multiple materials and/or have varying material properties throughout. These so called heterogeneous objects can be described by heterogeneous solid models, which contain information about the boundaries of the object, as well as material properties. In this paper we show how tensor product solids, which are the 3D extension of tensor product surfaces, can be used to model material properties within the framework of a heterogeneous solid model. We then show how a heterogeneous solid model which makes use of tensor product solids can be used in reverse engineering and process planning for LM.
Robust Design by Support of CAT Tools
Authors: Söderberg Rikard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper describes how currently available tools for computer aided tolerancing (CAT), can be used in a two step procedure to increase the robustness of a design and when allocating proper tolerances.
The first step is to increase geometric robustness by minimizing the number of parameters controlling a critical characteristic. This is closely related to the philosophy behind axiomatic design, see Suh (1990) and is performed during concept design. In this step, the CAT tool is used to analyze the general stability and sensitivity of an assembly in order to detect the sources of variation, KC:s, on an overall product characteristic, PKC. This step is performed with equal tolerances applied to all geometrical part features, which enables the designer to detect geometrical couplings and evaluate general assembly robustness.
The second step is to assign tolerances on the final geometry. This is done with respect to final geometrical sensitivity, manufacturing capability and manufacturing cost and is performed during detail design. At this stage, the final variation of overall product characteristics may be simulated, and part tolerances may be adjusted with respect to final sensitivity and cost. If loss functions for the PKC:s are available, the total quality level of a concept may be analyzed.
Concurrent Design Implementing Aesthetic Factors
Authors: Yoshimura Masataka , Yanagi Hisaichi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to obtain product designs which maximize their appeal to users, a concurrent product design method is proposed in which aesthetic factors are implemented during conventional product design. Subjective attributes, corresponding to aesthetic factors, are evaluated concurrently with analytically obtained objective attributes of the product’s characteristics. The interaction of these subjective and objective attributes, as it relates to the product’s utility and manufacturing cost, is clarified. Then, the solution which has the minimum ratio of manufactured cost relative to the user’s expected product price is selected as the optimum design solution. Applied examples pertaining to robot designs are given, to demonstrate these methodologies.
Computer-Aided Linear Tolerance Analysis and Optimal Tolerance Distribution for Cylindrical Machined Parts
Authors: Tsai Jhy-Cherng , Shih Chin-Ming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Quality and cost are among the most important concerns for a product. While tolerance is one of the typical metrics for quality, it is a trade-off between tolerances and costs in product development though the two factors often conflict with each other. This paper describes a systematic approach to compute linear tolerance accumulation for cylindrical parts by machining operations based on the tolerance chart. A computer-aided tolerance chart system is developed to assist the construction of the corresponding tolerance chart and the computation of accumulated linear tolerances for a given process plan. Tolerance distribution to each machining operation by optimization techniques is also investigated. The goal is to minimize machining cost subject to constraints on tolerance accumulation and process capability. It shows that the machining cost of a sample part with the worst-case tolerance analysis can be reduced by 39%, compared to that by experience, and can be further reduced if statistical tolerance analysis applies.
The Design for Assembly Guidelines Transform a Product Innovation From a Loser to a Winner
Authors: Myszka David H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Several manufacturer’s are witnessing soaring profits as a result of cost reductions derived from Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) analyses. These successes are prompting others to turn to more refined computer models of product assemblies. However, much can be gained from a very routine analysis, using nothing more than the basic Design for Assembly (DFA) guidelines. These gains can be realized at a mere fraction of the resources needed for the computer models. This method of analysis is especially appealing to engineers whose time constraints require careful selection of design activities.
This paper argues that DFMA analysis does not need to be an elaborate modeling process to produce significant cost improvements. This point is illustrated with an example of a redesign of a cooking range door. A manual review of the DFA guidelines turned a design innovation from a loser into a winner. Success stories from such informal analyses should promote greater implementation across industries that are hesitant in adopting DFMA practices.
Design for Mass Customization by Developing Product Family Architecture
Authors: Tseng Mitchell M. , Jiao Jianxin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Mass customization is becoming an important agenda in industry and academia alike. This paper deals with mass customization from a product development perspective. A framework of design for mass customization (DFMC) by developing product family architecture (PFA) is presented. To deal with tradeoffs between diversity of customer requirements and reusability of design and process capabilities, DFMC advocates shifting product development from designing individual products to designing product families. As the core of DFMC, the concept of PFA is developed to assist different functional departments within a manufacturing enterprise to work together cohesively. A PFA describes variety and product families and performs as a generic product platform for product differentiation in which individual customer requirements can be satisfied through systematic decisions of developing product variants. Based on such a PFA, the DFMC framework provides a unifying integration platform for synchronizing market positioning, soliciting customer requirements, increasing reusability, and enhancing manufacturing scale of economy across the entire product realization process.
Condition Monitoring Methodology for Manufacturing and Design
Authors: Tumer Irem Y. , Wood Kristin L. , Busch-Vishniac Ilene J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Part production requires constant monitoring to assure the effective manufacturing of high-quality components. The choice of monitoring methods can become a crucial factor in the decisions made during and prior to manufacturing. In an ideal world, designers and manufacturers will work together to interpret manufacturing and part data to assure the elimination of faults in manufacturing. However, manufacturing still lacks mathematically robust means of interpreting the manufacturing data so that a channel of communication can be established between design and manufacturing. To address part production concerns, we present a systematic methodology to interpret manufacturing data based on signals from manufacturing (e.g., tool vibrations, part surface deviations). These signals are assumed to contain a fingerprint of the manufacturing condition. The method presented in this paper is based on a mathematical transform to decompose the signals into their significant modes and monitor their changes over time. The methodology is meant to help designers and manufacturers make informed decisions about a machine and/or part condition. An example from a milling process is used to illustrate the method’s details.
Industrial Application of the Method “Early Determination of Product Properties”
Authors: Lindemann Udo , Stetter Ralf 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nothing is more critical for the success of a project than a design flaw that remains undetected until the product is in production or even handed over to the customer. In order to prevent the negative effects of undetected flaws, the method “early determination of product properties” has been developed at the Chair of Design at the Technische Universität München. In this paper the introduction of the method in a mid-size industrial company and the first resulting tool, the Parameter Checklist, are described. The presented research started with a detailed analysis of the product development process in the industrial company. In order to introduce a complex method in an industrial company, many aspects of the situation of the designers, from existing tools and procedures to the designers’ capabilities have to be considered. Because of this, the method was divided into distinct ideas, stages and tools, and compared individually to the situation given. On this basis a first methodical tool was developed, intended to support designers while using the method.
The tool called Parameter Checklist supports designers in planning analyses (e.g. tests with physical prototypes, finite element analyses) and in interpreting the results of these analyses. Furthermore, by using the tool, a database is filled that provides enough information to reconstruct the described analyses. In contrast with conventional testing instructions, the Parameter Checklist contains an explicit description of the model, in some respects found to be important, and a list of the influencing parameters. This is the basis for both a simple but conscious form of analysis planning and a more thorough interpretation of the analysis results.
The Chain Metrics Method for Identifying Integration Risk During Concept Design
Authors: Cunningham Timothy W. , Whitney Daniel E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Two critical milestones that must be achieved during concept design are 1) definition of a product architecture that meets performance, producibility, and strategic objectives, and 2) estimation of the integration risk in each candidate concept. This paper addresses these issues by introducing the chain method for illustrating the structure of function delivery in a concept in a simple pictorial way. The chains method helps design teams to understand the advantages or disadvantages of using a modular or an integral product architecture. A set of metrics is proposed that can be used to compare different concepts and rank their integration risk. An example drawn from the aircraft industry is used to illustrate the method.
Optimal Experimental Setpoint Determination in Systems With Multiple Output Responses
Authors: Rai Sudhendu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a methodology for determining input setpoints in engineering systems to simultaneously optimize multiple conflicting output responses. Orthogonal arrays are used to design experiments and capture experimental data. A nonlinear regression model using the mean value of each output response is obtained using MARS (Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines). A multiobjective optimization method based on adaptive simulated annealing is then employed for generating global Pareto-optimal setpoints. Different conflicting objectives are traded-off against each other on the Pareto-optimal frontier to obtain the best setpoints. Two classes of experiments are discussed; one in which there are only two objectives and it is possible to visualize the entire Pareto-optimal curve and the other when the number of objectives are greater than three when it is no longer possible to visualize the entire Pareto-optimal hypersurface. The approach is also extended to include nonlinear models of signal-to-noise ratios that provide setpoints that are robust with respect to noise in the Taguchi sense. Several setpoint determination problems from the xerographic domain are presented to illustrate the overall approach.
Interoperability of Assembly Analysis Applications Through the Use of the Open Assembly Design Environment
Authors: Angster Scott , Lyons Kevin , Hart Peter , Jayaram Sankar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The emergence of high performance computing has opened up new avenues for the design and analysis community. Integrated Product/Process Design techniques are allowing multi-functional teams to simultaneously optimize the design of a product. These techniques can be inhibited, however, due to software integration and data exchange issues. The work outlined in this paper focuses on these issues as they relate to the design and analysis of electro-mechanical assemblies. The first effort of this work is the creation of an open environment, called the Open Assembly Design Environment. The goal of this environment is to integrate the otherwise disparate assembly design tools using a central control system and a common set of data. These design tools include virtual reality based design systems, computer-aided design systems, design for assembly systems and process planning systems. This paper outlines the overall goals of the project, presents the architecture designed for the system, describes the interfaces developed to integrate the systems, and discusses the data representation requirements for a system integrating a virtual reality system with computer-aided design systems.
A Data Approach to Tracking and Evaluating Engineering Changes
Authors: Cohen Tal , Fulton Robert E. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Changes are common during any stage of a product life cycle. There are local changes that do not influence other elements of a product. However, there are other changes that can influence different aspects of the product. Consequences of these changes, unless properly anticipated, and accounted for, can be costly. Therefore, it is highly desirable to obtain a mechanism that will be able to anticipate and evaluate product change consequences.
The first task in anticipating and evaluating change consequences is to represent them. The complexity of engineering models makes their representation to be rich and semantic. Information data models like EXPRESS provide tools for modeling products. However, the current EXPRESS and other information models do not have a generic methodology to support contextual change representation and propagation.
In this paper a methodology called Change FAvorable Representation – C-FAR is presented. C-FAR uses an existing product information model to facilitate change representation, propagation, and qualitative evaluation. The EXPRESS schema’s main elements are entities, relations among entities, and attributes that describe the entities.
C-FAR facilitates change and change evaluation to the attribute level.
C-FAR has been evaluated using case studies in structural analysis, and bumper design. Results show that C-FAR is capable of representing change and provides a reasonable qualitative evaluation of the change consequences.
Development of a Methodology for Cost Estimation in Robot Assembly
Authors: Tischner Oliver , Soni A. H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The developments in today’s industries put the companies under increasing pressure concerning time and costs. This forces them to, among other measures, rationalize and automates the manufacturing systems, including the assembly systems. To reduce the risks of investments and enhance the investment planning, accurate calculation methodologies for assembly planning systems are necessary. There are a number of ways to lay out an assembly system. An assembly system may be designed for a manual operation, an automatic operation, or a flexible operation. Industrial robots are extensively used in such flexible assembly systems. Production volume and cost per assembled part depend heavily on how such a flexible cell is designed and on the robot being used. Boothroyd and Dewhurst have proposed an approach to arrive at evaluating robot integrated assembly cells. This approach is based on the manipulation of the part before presenting it for an assembly and the number of robot arms in the assembly cell. It does not account for the flexibility (number of robot axes, specific types of robots) the various industrial robots offer. Consequently, any evaluation made on this basis is expected to provide inaccurate answers.
Evaluation of Power Loss of the Rubber V-Belt CVT
Authors: Chen T. F. , Sung C. K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a systematic method for the evaluation of power loss of rubber V-belt continuously variable transmissions (CVT). By observing the interaction between belt and sheaves, the entire belt may be divided into four regions. They are free span, wedging-in, adhesion, and wedging-out regions. Therefore, each region possesses a distinct motion characteristic. Herein, power loss is categorized into speed and torque losses. Since speed loss contributes less than 4% of the total power loss in most operating conditions, only torque loss is considered. The mechanisms causing torque loss may be attributed to the hysteresis of belt bending, compression and shear, and friction due to radial motion of the belt. These loss mechanisms are studied on the basis of motion characteristics in each region. Parameters for loss mechanisms are then analyzed to identify their contributions to the system efficiency. These parameters include external load, rotating speed and wedge angle of the pulley, speed ratio, pre-tension, and thickness and tooth profile of the belt. In addition, an experimental study is performed for verification of the proposed analytical approach.
Web-Based Interactive Cam Design
Authors: Larson Jonathan E. , Cheng Harry H. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We have developed a Web-based interactive cam design package under the programming paradigm of the CH language environment. This package was initially developed as a teaching and learning tool for educational use in an undergraduate Computer-Aided Mechanism Design course. Because the system is Web-based and implemented through a client/server model with the user interface through the Web browser, it is easy to use and maintain. The system can also be used to solve practical engineering cam design problems with two follower motion types of translation and oscillation. The system can be used to generate cam profile, position, velocity, and acceleration histories of the follower. Once a cam/follower system is designed, animation of the cam/follower system can be performed. At the end of the design, the CNC code for manufacturing the designed cam can also be produced through our Web-based cam design system. The package consists of a number of modules including various Web pages, common gateway interface (CGI) programs, and a CH program called cam which performs the necessary computation for cam design. Two different versions of the cam design package have been designed and implemented. One runs the cam design program on the client machine as a CH applet, and the other runs the cam design program on the Web server though CGI. In this paper, details of design and implementation of Web-based cam design package will be described. Two application examples with different motion types for the follower will be used to illustrate features of the applet-based and CGI-based implementation schemes.
A Virtual Reality Teleoperator Interface for Assembly of Hybrid MEMS Prototypes
Authors: Alex Joseph , Vikramaditya Barmeshwar , Nelson Bradley J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper we describe a teleoperated microassembly workcell that integrates a VRML-based virtual microworld with visual servoing micromanipulation strategies. Java is used to program the VRML-based supervisory interface and to communicate with the microassembly workcell. This provides platform independence and allows remote teleoperation over the Internet. A key aspect of our approach entails the integration of teleoperation and visual servoing strategies. This allows a supervisor to guide the task remotely, while visual servoing strategies compensate for the imprecisely calibrated microworld. Results are presented that demonstrate system performance when a supervisor manipulates a microobject remotely. Though Internet delays impact the dynamic performance of the system, teleoperated relative parts placements with submicron precision is successfully demonstrated.
Analytical Dynamics of Unrooted Multibody-Systems With Symmetries
Authors: Pfister Felix M. J. , Agrawal Sunil K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The objectives of this paper are to (i) exploit the structure of Euler-Liouville equations for multibody systems and separate the external and internal aspects of motion, (ii) specialize these equations to systems with special mass and geometric properties such as holonomoids and orthotropoids, (iii) apply the results to special orthotropoids, the spheroidal linkages of Wohlhart, and write their equations of motion in a simple and elegant manner.
Naturally-Transitioning Rate-to-Force Control
Authors: Williams Robert L. , Murphy Mark A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Naturally-Transitioning Rate-to-Force Controller (NTRFC) for manipulators is presented. In free motion rate control is provided, while in contact the same rate commands are proportional to the force exerted on the environment by the manipulator. The transition between free motion and stable contact with the environment requires no changes in control mode or gains and hence is termed natural. The NTRFC has been experimentally implemented and shows great promise. This paper demonstrates the NTRFC concept and provides a basis for its modeling and design.
A Simple Algorithm for Controlling Manipulators
Authors: Yue Liming , Pasic Hajrudin , Williams Robert L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article presents a simple algorithm for control of manipulators. An n-input, n-output nonlinear system with n(2n+1) parameters can be simplified to a linear system with only n2 parameters. The control performance of the system using the simplified model are compared with that using the exact model. Simulations show that the simplified model approximates the exact model well. The simulation results are also compared with those of another method from the literature. It is demonstrated that the manipulator controlled by the current algorithm has better response and is simpler.