bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivation To Test, Treat, and Report Malaria Cases: A Quantitative Assessment Among Private Sector Providers in The Greater Mekong Subregion
Authors: Brown Morgan , Bouanchaud Paul , Tesfazghi Kemi , Phanalasy Saysana , Thet May Me , Nguyen Hoa , Wheeler Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Accurately testing, treating, and tracking all malaria cases is critical to achieving elimination. Ensuring health providers are able and motivated to test, treat, and report cases is a necessary component of elimination programs, and particularly challenging in low endemic settings where providers may not encounter a large volume of cases. With funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, this study aimed to identify and validate distinctive subtypes of motivation among private sector providers enrolled in the Greater Mekong Subregion Elimination of Malaria through Surveillance (GEMS) program, implemented by Population Services International. Quantitative questionnaires were administered electronically in person by trained enumerators to various provider groups in Myanmar, Lao PDR, and Vietnam. A three-stage confirmatory factor analysis was then conducted in STATA. Following this analysis, a two-factor solution that describes motivation in this population of providers was identified, and providers were scored on the two dimensions of motivation. Provider motivations were analyzed by provider characteristics, and associations with intentions and outcomes related to malaria service provision were explored. These providers, who are often assumed to only be financially motivated, engaged in malaria elimination activities because of both internal and external motivational factors that are independent of remuneration or financial gain. Motivation varied by provider characteristics and was associated with outcomes of importance to malaria elimination. Understanding components of provider motivation to test, treat, and report malaria cases in elimination settings will ensure that malaria programs can establish mechanisms to encourage lasting engagement by providers in pursuit of elimination goals.
IGF-1 Gene Therapy Modifies Inflammatory Environment and Gene Expression in the Caudate-Putamen of Aged Female Rat Brain
Authors: Falomir-Lockhart Eugenia , Dolcetti Franco Juan Cruz , Herrera Macarena Lorena , Pennini Jerónimo , Villar María Florencia Zappa , Salinas Gabriela , Portiansky Enrique , Spittau Björn , Lacunza Ezequiel , Hereñú Claudia Beatriz , Bellini Maria Jose 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Brain aging is characterized by chronic neuroinflammation caused by activation of glial cells, mainly microglia, leading to alterations in homeostasis of the central nervous system. Microglial cells are constantly surveying their environment to detect and respond to diverse signals. During aging, microglia undergo a process of senescence, characterized by loss of ramifications, spheroid formation, and fragmented processes, among other abnormalities. Therefore, the study of microglia senescence is of great relevance to understand age‐related declines in cognitive and motor function.We have targeted the deleterious effects of aging by implementing gene therapy with IGF-1, employing recombinant adenoviral vectors (RAds) as a delivery system. In this study, we performed intracerebroventricular (ICV) IGF-1 gene therapy on aged female rats and evaluated its effect on Caudate-Putamen unit (CPu) gene expression and inflammatory state. IGF-1 gene therapy modified senescent microglia of the CPu towards an anti-inflammatory state increasing the proportion of Iba1+Arg1+ cells. Moreover, IGF-1 gene therapy was able to regulate the pro-inflammatory environment of CPu in female aged rats by down-regulating the expression of genes typically over-expressed during aging. Our results demonstrate that, ICV IGF-1 gene therapy, is capable to modulate microglia cells and CPu gene expression, leading to an improvement in motor function.
Hemostasis Effect of Absorbable Regenerative Oxidized Cellulose Materials in Colorectal Cancer Surgery
Authors: Lao Jingmao , Deng Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Absorbable oxidized cellulose hemostatic materials are widely used in hemostasis of veins, capillaries or smaller arteries because of their wide sources, low cost, and high biocompatibility. However, in view of the different application sites, the hemostatic effect of absorbable oxidized cellulose in different surgeries may be different, and its hemostatic effect in patients with colorectal cancer still needs more research to confirm. Therefore, this article explores the in vitro degradation of the absorbable regenerated oxidized cellulose material and its hemostatic effect in colorectal cancer surgery. Explore the in vitro degradation products that can absorb oxidized cellulose. The 44 patients undergoing colon cancer surgery were selected and randomly divided into control group (22 cases, absorbable oxidized cellulose material to stop bleeding) and observation group (22 cases, ordinary Sterile gauze to stop bleeding). The intraoperative blood loss, 3 days postoperative drainage volume, total drainage volume, and operation time of the two groups were recorded. The recovery of intestinal function after operation in the two groups was observed. The in vitro complete degradation time of the absorbable oxidized cellulose material is about 12 days. The degradation products are glucose and cellobiose, which are safe and harmless to the human body. The intraoperative blood loss, drainage volume, total drainage volume, and operation time of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P <0.05), and the postoperative intestinal function recovery of the observation group was better than that of the control group (P <0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the observation group and the control group (P > 0.05). Absorbable oxidized cellulose material has a good hemostatic effect in colorectal cancer surgery, and does not increase the risk of adverse reactions in patients after surgery. It is worthy of popularization and application.
Eat, Breathe, Sleep With Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: LoMauro Antonella , Landoni Vittorio , Fraschini Paolo , Molteni Franco , Aliverti Andrea , Bertoli Simona , De Amicis Ramona 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Although Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) affects the connective tissue causing extremely brittle bones with consequent skeletal deformities, it is important to go beyond bones. Indeed, the quality of life in OI does not only depends on bones status, as OI might affect also other important functions. We have therefore implemented a multidisciplinary study to assess lung function, breathing pattern, sleep quality and nutritional status in 27 adult OI type III and IV patients (median age: 34.6 years; 19 women; 14 type III).Results: According to nocturnal oxygen desaturation, two groups were identified: 13 patients with (OI_OSA, incidence: 48.2%) and 14 without (no_OSA) obstructive sleep apnea. The former was characterized by higher spinal and ribcage deformity, by more restrictive lung function, by paradoxical thoracic breathing in supine position, by rapid and shallow breathing, by higher body mass index, by longer neck and waist circumferences; by higher abdominal volume and by greater percentage of body fat mass, particularly localized in the trunk. The best predictor of OI_OSA was the negative value of the supine ribcage contribution to tidal volume, followed by the ratio between the neck and the waist circumferences with body height and the supine thoraco-abdominal volumes phase shift angle. Conclusions: The pathophysiology of OI ensued a dangerous vicious circle, in which breathing, sleep and nutritional status are tightly linked, and they might all end up in negatively affecting the quality of life. The vicious circle is fed by some intrinsic characteristics of the disease (thoracic, cranial and mandibular deformities) and some bad daily habits of the patients (i.e. physical inactivity and low dietary quality). The former impacts on restricting the respiratory function, the latter makes Olers more prone to experience overweight or obesity. The main consequence is a high incidence of obstructive sleep apnea, which remains an underdiagnosed disorder in individuals with severe OI who are obese, with a neck to height ratio over than 31.6%, and characterized by paradoxical breathing in supine position. A multidisciplinary approach, including evaluations of breathing, sleep and nutrition, is required to better manage the disease and fulfil the maximizing well-being of OI patients.
Macro and Micro-Geometric Robust Design of Cylindrical Roller Bearings Using Fatigue and Wear Considerations
Authors: Gaurav Kumar , Verma Shashikant Kumar , TIWARI RAJIV 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Cylindrical roller bearings have been chosen for the optimization using a robust design because tolerances are always provided during manufacturing. For rolling element bearings, a measure of satisfactory performance is a long life, lubrication and thermal characteristics. Hence, the first two objectives have been optimized simultaneously using the robust design. For bearing design, variables chosen include four basic internal dimensions and five design constraint factors. Genetic algorithm is implemented for solving the problem by considering both the objective functions, simultaneously. The lives of the bearing are found to be improved at least two times that of the standard bearings. It has been found that during manufacturing, designer should have more attention on the roller diameter compared to others dimensions.
Fatty Liver Does Not Increase the Risk of Postoperative Liver Damage Following Hepatectomy
Authors: Nomura Yoriko , Hisaka Toru , Sakai Hisamune , Akiba Jun , Yano Hirohisa , Akagi Yoshito , Okuda Koji 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

The number of patients with fatty liver due to alcohol consumption, the metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is increasing. Because there is no consensus on the risk of hepatectomy in patients with fatty liver, this study examined the clinical outcomes of hepatectomy in fatty liver patients by evaluation their transaminase levels.
Methods

Patients (n = 164) who underwent hepatectomy for primary liver tumors from January 2014 to March 2019 were included in the study. They were divided into the steatohepatitis (n = 19), steatosis (n = 20), and viral hepatitis (n = 30) groups. Serum values of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), total bilirubin (TB), white blood cells, and platelets level and the prothrombin time (PT) were compared before and immediately after surgery, and on postoperative days 1–5, 7, and 10.
Results

Overall, the AST and ALT elevation rates were higher in the control group than in the steatosis and steatohepatitis groups during postoperative days 2–7. There was no difference in postoperative hepatic dysfunction between the steatosis and steatohepatitis groups. Univariate analysis revealed significant differences in liver stiffness, operative time, mobilization, and the Pringle time. Multivariate analysis indicated low liver stiffness and a longer Pringle time as independent risk factors. Postoperative changes in the TB and albumin levels and the PT did not differ between the groups. There was no difference in the postoperative complications and hospital stay length between the groups.
Conclusions

Fatty liver does not increase the risk of postoperative liver damage following hepatectomy.
Temporal Fluctuations of Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Metabolism in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Kean Iain Robert Louis , Wagner Josef , Wijeyesekera Anisha , de Goffau Marcus , Thurston Sarah , Clark John A , White Deborah K. , Ridout Jenna , Agrawal Shruti , Kayani Riaz , O’Donnell Roddy , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Peters Mark J , Klein Nigel , Holmes Elaine , Parkhill Julian , Baker Stephen , Pathan Nazima 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Critical illness frequently requires the use of broad-spectrum antimicrobials to treat life-threatening infection. The resulting impact on microbiome diversity is profound, influencing gastrointestinal fermentation endpoints, host immune response and metabolic activity including the conversion of primary bile acids to secondary bile acids. We previously observed reduced fermentation capacity in the gut microbiota of critically ill children upon hospital admission, but the functional recovery trajectory of the paediatric gut microbiome during critical illness has not been well defined. Here, we longitudinally studied the intestinal microbiome and faecal bile acid profile of critically ill children during hospitalisation in a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU). The composition of the microbiome was determined by sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene, and bile acids were measured from faecal water by liquid chromatography hyphenated to mass spectrometry. Results: In comparison to admission faecal samples, members of Clostridium cluster XIVa and Lachnospiraceae recovered during the late-acute phase (days 8-10) of hospitalisation. Patients with infections had a lower proportion of Lachnospiraceae in their gut microbiota than control microbiota and patients with admitting diagnoses. The proportion of Recovery Associated Bacteria (RAB) was observed to decline with the length of PICU admission. Additionally, the proportions of RAB were reduced in those with systemic infection, respiratory failure, and undergoing surgery. Notably, Clostridioides were positively associated with the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid, which we hypothesised to driven by secondary bile acid induced sporulation; the ratio of primary to secondary bile acids demonstrated recovery during critical illness. Conclusion: The recovery of secondary bile acids occurs quickly after intervention for critical illness. Bile acid recovery may be induced by the Lachnospiraceae , the composition of which shifts during critical illness. Our data suggest that gut health and early gut microbiota recovery can be assessed by readily quantifiable faecal bile acid profiles.
The Combined Fuzzy C-means, Data Encryption and Reversible Data Hiding Method to Enhance the Integrity and Authenticity of the Electronics Health Records (EHR) for Tele Radiology
Authors: Mon Fepslin Athish , K Suthendran , T Jarin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The transferring of medical image to the medical practitioner through cloud network with field expects around the globe to get better diagnostics and expect suggestions ever-increasing significantly. Enormous possibility of security treats arises while transferring the medical image through cloud services. In this paper, the trustworthiness, information integrity and authenticity of the patient EMR during storage and transmission over network can be improved without compromising medical quality and diagnosis accuracy. This can be achieved with the help of combined segmentation, cryptography and reversible data hiding on medical images. In this work, we store the patient basic details in the medical image using reversible data hiding with data capacity and security enhancements. The proposed method uses medical images of EMR as cover image, the patient’s details can be encoded in the cover image as data and finally encrypt the image using asymmetric key encryption. The proposed method provides more improvement in integrity, security, authenticity, data capacity and error rate. This method also maintains PSNR value above 51dB.
Prognostic Factors of Esophageal Perforation and Rupture Leading to Mortality: A Retrospective Study
Authors: duk Kim Jong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEsophageal perforation and rupture (EPR) is a serious, potentially life-threatening condition. However, no treatment methods have been established, and data concerning factors affecting mortality are limited. This report presents the prognostic factors of mortality in EPR based on experience in the management of such patients.MethodsFor this retrospective analysis, 79 patients diagnosed as having EPR between 2006 and 2016 and managed at Gyeongsang National University Hospital were examined. The management method was determined in accordance with the location and size of the EPR, laboratory findings, and radiological findings. Thirty-nine patients were treated with surgery; and 40, with nonsurgical management.ResultsThe most common cause of EPR was foreign body (fish bone or meat bone), followed by vomiting, iatrogenic causes, and trauma. Thirty-nine patients underwent primary repair of EPR, of whom 4 patients died. Forty patients underwent nonsurgical management, of whom 3 patients died. The remaining patients were discharged. Mortality correlated with the size of the EPR (>25 mm) and the segmented neutrophil count percentage (>86.5%) in the white blood cell test and differential.ConclusionsThe mortality risk was increased when the EPR size and the segmented neutrophil count percentage in the white blood cell test and differential was high. Delayed diagnosis, which was considered an important predictive factor in previous investigations, was not statistically significant in this study.Trial registration﻿Not Applicable
Persistent Clotting Protein Pathology in Long COVID/ Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is Accompanied by Increased Levels of Antiplasmin
Authors: Pretorius Etheresia , Vlok Mare , Venter Chantelle , Bezuidenhout Jandre A , Laubscher Jaco , Steenkamp Janami , Kell Douglas B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2)-induced infection, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is characterized by acute clinical pathologies, including various coagulopathies that may be accompanied by hypercoagulation and platelet hyperactivation. Recently, a new COVID-19 phenotype has been noted in patients after they have ostensibly recovered from acute COVID-19 symptoms. This new syndrome is commonly termed Long COVID/Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). Here we refer to it as Long COVID/PASC. Lingering symptoms persist for as much as 6 months (or longer) after acute infection, where COVID-19 survivors complain of recurring fatigue or muscle weakness, being out of breath, sleep difficulties, and anxiety or depression. MethodsGiven that blood clots can block microcapillaries and thereby inhibit oxygen exchange, we here investigate if the lingering symptoms that individuals with Long COVID/PASC manifest might be due to the presence of persistent circulating plasma clots that are resistant to fibrinolysis. We use techniques including proteomics and fluorescence microscopy to study plasma samples from healthy individuals, individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), with acute COVID-19, and those with Long COVID/PASC symptoms. ResultsWe show that plasma samples from Long COVID/PASC still contain large anomalous (amyloid) deposits (microclots). We also show that these microclots in both acute COVID-19 and Long COVID/PASC plasma samples are resistant to fibrinolysis (compared to plasma from controls and T2DM), even after trypsinisation. After a second trypsinization, the persistent pellet deposits were solubilized. We detected various inflammatory molecules that are substantially increased in both the supernatant and trapped in the solubilized pellet deposits of acute COVID-19 and Long COVID/PASC, versus the equivalent volume of fully digested fluid of the control samples and T2DM. Of particular interest was a substantial increase in α(2)-antiplasmin (α2AP), various fibrinogen chains, as well as Serum Amyloid A (SAA) that were trapped in the solubilized fibrinolytic-resistant pellet deposits. ConclusionsClotting pathologies in both acute COVID-19 infection and in Long COVID/PASC might therefore benefit from following a regime of continued anticlotting therapy to support the fibrinolytic system function.
Efficacy of Bushen Huatan Decoction Combined with Baduanjin in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with Insulin Resistance (IR-PCOS), Kidney Deficiency and Phlegm Dampness: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Qian Haiqing , Xu Wenting , Cui Lijuan , Wang Rong , Wang Jiahui , Tang Mengyu , Wei Minggang , Wang Lihong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive endocrine disease in women. Insulin resistance (IR) has emerged as a central contributor to the pathogenesis of this disease. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) involving syndrome differentiation and treatment is widely used to adjust women's menstrual cycles. Our patented formula Bushen Huatan Decoction (BSHTD) has been proven to be effective in the clinical treatment of IR-PCOS. Baduanjin also plays an important role in improving metabolic syndrome through lifestyle intervention. This study investigates the clinical efficacy of Bushen Huatan Decoction combined with Baduanjin in IR-PCOS, to form a specific TCM-behaviour intervention plan in the treatment of IR-PCOS.Methods/design: This is a randomized controlled trial involving 190 participants diagnosed with IR-PCOS. All participants will be randomly allocated into 5 groups: group A will receive metformin; group B, BSHTD; group C, Baduanjin; group D, BSHTD combined with metformin; and group E, BSHTD combined with Baduanjin. One course of treatment lasts three months, a total of two courses. The primary outcomes are changes in the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and improvements in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin-releasing test (INS). The secondary outcomes are improvements in the menstrual cycle, ovulation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, basic serum sex hormone levels, free androgen index (FAI), Ferriman-Gallwey scores, body mass index (BMI) and TCM syndrome scores. The related observation indexes will be collected at baseline, during the process of treatment and at the 6-months follow-up. Simultaneously, close monitoring of possible adverse events will be performed throughout the trial process.Discussion: This trial will investigate the efficacy of the comprehensive intervention program of Bushen Huatan Decoction combined with Baduanjin on the adjustment of menstrual cycle, improvement of insulin resistance and correction of glucose metabolism disorder in IR-PCOS patients. It is expected to form an alternative treatment of TCM-behavior intervention therapy for IR-PCOS and promote the Chinese fitness Qigong Baduanjin in the application of lifestyle diseases.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2100043415. Registered on 15 February,2021.