bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutritional, antioxidant, angiotensin-converting-enzyme and carbohydrate-hydrolyzing-enzyme inhibitory activities of underutilized leafy vegetable: African wild lettuce (Lactuca taraxacifolia Willd)
Authors: Ijarotimi Oluwole Steve , Adesanya Ibiyinka Helen , Oluwajuyitan Timilehin David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
African wild lettuce (Lactuca taraxacifolia Willd.) is an underutilised indigenous leafy vegetable containing essential nutrients and medicinal properties. Hence, this study aimed to determine the chemical composition, antioxidant activities, α-amylase, α-glucosidase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory potentials of wild lettuce leaves powder samples.

Methods
Freshly harvested Wild Lettuce leaves were processed into whole leafy powder (WLF), extracted powder (WLE), residue (WLR) and leaf protein isolate (WPI). Chemical composition, antioxidant activities, α-amylase, α-glucosidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory potentials of the powder samples were determined.

Results
Crude protein of Wild Lettuce leaves ranged from 23.27 to 46.57 and crude fiber from 4.17–37.37 g/100 g. Phosphorous was the most abundant element, while zinc had the lowest concentration. The samples essential amino acids, protein efficiency ratio, essential amino acid index and biological values were 39.83–50.65 mg/100 g protein. 2.79–3.51, 77.03–92.36% and 72.26–88.97%, respectively. Saponin, tannin, oxalate, phytate, terpennoids, flavonoid and phenol in the leafy vegetable samples were within tolerable levels. The African wild lettuce leaf protein isolate (WPI) had higher DPPH antioxidant activity (91.88%), percentage inhibitory properties on α-amylase (26.11%), α-glucosidase (64.24%) and angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (97.53%) than WLF (18.28, 25.44, 55.41 and 67.56), WLE (70.85, 24.97, 62.53 and 93.27) and WLR (53.07, 24.68, 50.03 and 85.28) respectively.

Conclusion
African wild lettuce leaf samples, particularly protein isolate, contain essential nutrients, antioxidant activities and ability to inhibit angiotensin-1-converting, α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes Therefore, the leafy vegetable samples, particularly WPI, may be suitable as antioxidant, antidiabetic and antihypertensive agent.
The attitudes of healthy children and researchers towards the challenges of involving children in research: an exploratory study
Authors: Postma Laura , Luchtenberg Malou L. , Verhagen A. A. Eduard , Maeckelberghe Els L. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
A growing trend in research is to involve co-researchers. It is referred to as Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) and comprises three groups: the patients, the public, and the researchers. Like in adult public involvement, healthy children can also be considered as ‘the public’. Paediatric patients and researchers experienced in conducting child-inclusive research are often asked about their attitudes towards the challenges they encounter. This is not the case for healthy children and researchers without such experience. Our aim was to investigate the attitudes of these children and researchers towards the challenges encountered during child-inclusive research.

Methods
This was an exploratory study. We interviewed healthy children and adult researchers without prior experience in child-inclusive research. We recruited the children through a foundation for young researchers and the adult researchers from two hospitals, both in Groningen, the Netherlands. We audio recorded the interviews, and they were transcribed verbatim. We analysed the data using qualitative content analysis.

Results
We interviewed five adult researchers and seven healthy children, aged 9 to 14 years. Both groups thought that it was best to involve children in paediatric research from as early a stage as possible. The children assumed that no prior training would be needed because they had already been trained at school. The researchers’ attitudes varied regarding training children beforehand. Both groups thought that researchers did not need prior training on how to involve children if they worked with children on a daily basis. The children felt that recognition and a modest financial reward was appropriate. Adult researchers were cautious about rewarding the children. They feared it might render the children less intrinsically motivated.

Conclusion
Our study indicated that young and adult researchers have clear attitudes towards the challenges encountered during child-inclusive research. Young researchers could help adult researchers to find solutions to these challenges, even if they have no prior experience in child-inclusive research. Adult researchers who acknowledge the importance of child-inclusive research represent a significant step towards meaningful involvement of children. Our results imply that children could be involved in the decision-making process concerning the challenges encountered in child-inclusive research.
Effects of oils, lotions, hand sanitizers, and mehendi on fingerprints captured through digital fingerprint scanner
Authors: Kumari Vinita , Thakar Mukesh Kumar , Mondal Biswajit , Pal Surender Kumar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
In this modern era, advancement in technology is seen in every aspect of our life making it comparatively much easier. Likewise, in the field of fingerprinting, the digital scanners have replaced conventional methods of taking fingerprints, as it is accurate and less time-consuming. In daily life, people often apply oils, lotions, hand sanitizers, and occasionally mehendi on their hands. These cosmetic and daily use products affect the digital recording of fingerprints, thus making it difficult for forensic experts to identify the real offender in many cases. The purpose of the study was to check the effect of oils, lotions, hand sanitizers, and mehendi on the fingerprint pattern.

Results
The present study was undertaken by taking 2700 fingerprints from 30 individuals. These fingerprints were recorded with the help of the SecuGen Hamster IV fingerprint scanner under controlled environmental conditions. The examination and comparison of fingerprint patterns were done on the basis of visibility (clarity and intensity). The presence of cosmetic and daily use products affected the visibility of digitally captured fingerprints. Different products caused different effects based on their properties. Synthetic mehendi, alcohol-based hand sanitizer, greasy lotion, and viscous oil caused significant differences in the fingerprint images by degrading the fingerprint quality. The non-greasy lotion and non-alcohol-based hand sanitizer showed less effect, whereas non-viscous oil and natural mehendi caused a minimal effect on the quality of fingerprint images.

Conclusion
The application of cosmetic and daily use products added an additional layer on the fingers which is not present naturally. The additional layer caused alterations in the fingerprint pattern of an individual. So, digital fingerprints should be collected after proper washing of hands.
What Oncologists Want: Identifying Challenges and Preferences on Diagnosis Data Entry to Reduce EHR-Induced Burden and Improve Clinical Data Quality
Authors: Diaz-Garelli Franck , Strowd Roy , Ahmed Tamjeed , Lycan Thomas W. , Daley Sean , Wells Brian J. , Topaloglu Umit 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE Accurate recording of diagnosis (DX) data in electronic health records (EHRs) is important for clinical practice and learning health care. Previous studies show statistically stable patterns of data entry in EHRs that contribute to inaccurate DX, likely because of a lack of data entry support. We conducted qualitative research to characterize the preferences of oncological care providers on cancer DX data entry in EHRs during clinical practice. METHODS We conducted semistructured interviews and focus groups to uncover common themes on DX data entry preferences and barriers to accurate DX recording. Then, we developed a survey questionnaire sent to a cohort of oncologists to verify the generalizability of our initial findings. We constrained our participants to a single specialty and institution to ensure similar clinical backgrounds and clinical experience with a single EHR system. RESULTS A total of 12 neuro-oncologists and thoracic oncologists were involved in the interviews and focus groups. The survey developed from these two initial thrusts was distributed to 19 participants yielding a 94.7% survey response rate. Clinicians reported similar user interface experiences, barriers, and dissatisfaction with current DX entry systems including repetitive entry operations, difficulty in finding specific DX options, time-consuming interactions, and the need for workarounds to maintain efficiency. The survey revealed inefficient DX search interfaces and challenging entry processes as core barriers. CONCLUSION Oncologists seem to be divided between specific DX data entry and time efficiency because of current interfaces and feel hindered by the burdensome and repetitive nature of EHR data entry. Oncologists' top concern for adopting data entry support interventions is ensuring that it provides significant time-saving benefits and increasing workflow efficiency. Future interventions should account for time efficiency, beyond ensuring data entry effectiveness.
Tracing the main elements and electron orbitals that induce superconducting phase transition
Authors: Zhu Sheng-Hai , Qin Han , Zhong Mi , Fan Dai-He , Chang Xiang-Hui , Wei Yun , Zhang Miao , Zhu Tao , Tang Bin , Liu Fu-Sheng , Liu Qi-Jun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The experimental determination of the superconducting transition requires the observation of the emergence of a zero-resistance and perfect diamagnetism state. Based on the close relationship between superconducting transition temperature (

) and electron density of states (DOS), we take two typical superconducting materials Hg and ZrTe3 as samples and calculate their DOS vs. temperature under different pressures by using the first-principle molecular dynamics simulations. According to the analysis of the calculation results, the main contributors that induce superconducting transitions are deduced by tracing the variation of partial density of states near

. The microscopic mechanism of pressure induced increasing

is further analyzed.
Entropy, cross-entropy, relative entropy: Deformation theory
(a)
Authors: Zhang J. , Matsuzoe H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Attempts at generalizing Shannon entropy and Kullback-Leibler divergence (relative entropy) led to a plenthora of deformation models in theoretical physics, including q-model, κ-model, etc. Naudts and Zhang (Inf. Geom., 1 (2018) 79) established that these models can be unified under two notions: deformed ϕ-exponential family (Naudts, J., J. Inequal. Pure Appl. Math., 5 (2004) 102) and conjugate

-embedding (Zhang J., Neural Comput., 16 (2004) 159) of probability functions. Conjugate

-embedding has a gauge freedom which, upon its fixing, subsumes the U-model of Eguchi (Sugaku Expositions, 19 (2006) 197) proposed in a statistical machine learning context. The generalization by

-entropy,

-cross-entropy,

-divergence, when applied to the ϕ-exponential family, yields either a Hessian structure or a conformal Hessian structure under different gauge selections —this “splitting” is the hallmark when deforming the exponential family with its dually flat (Hessian) geometry. This letter provides a unified information geometric perspective of deformation of the exponential model, with calculations for Tsallis q-model.
Passion, Commitment, Compassion: Les Justes au Panthéon by Agnès Varda
Authors: Flitterman-Lewis Sandy 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Agnès Varda's 2007 installation Les Justes au Panthéon (The Righteous at the Pantheon, France) honored the many French “Righteous” who saved Jewish children during World War II in a ceremony commemorating their heroic actions with the placement of a plaque in the crypt. For a while this installation held a minor place in Varda's oeuvre, until she gave it a featured position in her autobiographical film The Beaches of Agnès (Les plages d'Agnès, France, 2008). Filmed vignettes of rescue, projected in four loops in the great hall, allowed Varda to display her characteristic blend of documentary and fiction and to navigate the intimately personal with the historical scope of the time. The resulting impression of “empathetic reciprocity” signals a core belief of Varda's in that the artwork (or film, or installation) is an occasion for conversation, for sharing and learning. The ceremony brought together three women of conscience, all dedicated to the power of memory and its ability to bind humanity in a common purpose. Simone Veil and Marceline Loridan-Ivens were both survivors of Auschwitz, while Varda, their exact contemporary, commemorated their experience with her installation. Through sorrow and loss, something affirmative obtains: a Vardian perspective in an unexpected place, a celebration of the most minute expressions of compassion, and a belief in human connection that has traversed the six decades of Varda's work across media and time.
Varda's Third Life
Authors: Bluher Dominique 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In 2003, following an invitation to participate in the fiftieth Venice Biennale, Agnès Varda started at the age of seventy-five her “third life as a young visual artist,” as she liked to say. During some fifteen years, Varda created over twenty large-scale video installations, numerous smaller ones, and new photographic works, which have been shown in over twenty solo exhibitions and countless group exhibitions in museums, galleries, and art biennials all over the world. This article gives an overview of her installation art and examines how Varda's installations take up and expand on her lifelong passion for still and moving images, painting, photography, and cinema. The author also shows how Varda has rethought and reworked certain subjects that mattered to her throughout her career, by means proper to this new medium. Varda always had the gift to give us the opportunity to reframe our perception of overlooked population groups or objects and to reorient our attention away from the spectacular and extraordinary toward what Georges Perec called the “infraordinary.” If we regard her installations as sites for “active reverie,” we can also comprehend their political dimension as a possible antidote to the current state of the world.
Agnès Varda: Photography and Early Creative Process
Authors: DeRoo Rebecca J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Agnès Varda frequently presented her career as encompassing three domains: photography, cinema, and visual art. While her cinema and late-career artistic work are widely accessible, her early photography remains a growing area of study. Moreover, it has often been repeated that Varda began her directorial career with little knowledge of cinema (stories Varda herself echoed). This article excavates little-known 1950s photographic studies from her archives to show how, in her early cinematic career, she utilized her training as a photographer to conceive her early films. The article demonstrates that Varda made extensive scouting photographs to plan the shots and motifs of her first film, La Pointe Courte (France, 1954), and sometimes sketched these compositions directly in her shooting script. The article also features photographs she made to develop themes in L'Opéra Mouffe (Diary of a Pregnant Woman, France, 1958). Photography, the author argues, enabled Varda to work aesthetically and economically, realizing these early films without the support of producers or state subsidies. Her photographs reveal her formal composition and thematic concerns; they also demonstrate the stunning scope of her planning and enable new understandings of her early creative process.
“Virtual Varda”: Sustainable Legacies, Digital Communities, and Scholarly Postcards
Authors: Kennedy-Karpat Colleen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article presents the story of a symposium dedicated to the life and legacy of Agnès Varda and its move online due to COVID-19, reflecting on this process and its implications for future scholarship. Based on this experience, and using Varda's own late-career digital transition as a model, the author interrogates the potential for online platforms to serve as a kind of scholarly postcard that offers accessible and more sustainable practices for sharing research and building more resilient and inclusive academic communities.
The call of the wild: using non-model systems to investigate microbiome–behaviour relationships
Authors: Cusick Jessica A. , Wellman Cara L. , Demas Gregory E. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
On and within most sites across an animal's body live complex communities of microorganisms. These microorganisms perform a variety of important functions for their hosts, including communicating with the brain, immune system and endocrine axes to mediate physiological processes and affect individual behaviour. Microbiome research has primarily focused on the functions of the microbiome within the gastrointestinal tract (gut microbiome) using biomedically relevant laboratory species (i.e. model organisms). These studies have identified important connections between the gut microbiome and host immune, neuroendocrine and nervous systems, as well as how these connections, in turn, influence host behaviour and health. Recently, the field has expanded beyond traditional model systems as it has become apparent that the microbiome can drive differences in behaviour and diet, play a fundamental role in host fitness and influence community-scale dynamics in wild populations. In this Review, we highlight the value of conducting hypothesis-driven research in non-model organisms and the benefits of a comparative approach that assesses patterns across different species or taxa. Using social behaviour as an intellectual framework, we review the bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiome and host behaviour, and identify understudied mechanisms by which these effects may be mediated.
Biomechanically distinct filter-feeding behaviors distinguish sei whales as a functional intermediate and ecologically flexible species
Authors: Segre Paolo S. , Weir Caroline R. , Stanworth Andrew , Cartwright Steve , Friedlaender Ari S. , Goldbogen Jeremy A. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
With their ability to facultatively switch between filter-feeding modes, sei whales represent a functional and ecological intermediate in the transition between intermittent and continuous filter feeding. Morphologically resembling their lunge-feeding, rorqual relatives, sei whales have convergently evolved the ability to skim prey near the surface of the water, like the more distantly related balaenids. Because of their intermediate nature, understanding how sei whales switch between feeding behaviors may shed light on the rapid evolution and flexibility of filter-feeding strategies. We deployed multi-sensor bio-logging tags on two sei whales and measured the kinematics of feeding behaviors in this poorly understood and endangered species. To forage at the surface, sei whales used a unique combination of surface lunges and skim-feeding behaviors. The surface lunges were slow and stereotyped, and were unlike lunges performed by other rorqual species. The skim-feeding events featured a different filtration mechanism from the lunges and were kinematically different from the continuous filter feeding used by balaenids. While foraging below the surface, sei whales used faster and more variable lunges. The morphological characteristics that allow sei whales to effectively perform different feeding behaviors suggest that sei whales rapidly evolved their functionally intermediate and ecologically flexible form to compete with larger and more efficient rorqual species.
Elucidation of the Mechanism of Quantum Dot Arrangement Based on Self-Assembly of an Azobenzene Derivative
Authors: Kubo Naoki , Yamauchi Mitsuaki , Yamamoto Seiya , Masuo Sadahiro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The formation of well-defined nanostructures comprising assembled semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is a challenging research task. Recently, we found that the introduction of π-conjugated molecules with a self-assembly ability into small CdSe QDs led to the formation of highly ordered QD arrangements. Here, we demonstrate the in-depth coaggregation process of large-sized CdSe QDs and azobenzene derivative 1 possessing an amino group functioning as an adhesive to the QD surface. Upon mixing the above QDs with assembled azobenzene derivative 1 in apolar solvents, linearly arranged QD structures along assembled azobenzene derivative 1 were formed over time. In the formed coaggregates, efficient energy transfer between the arranged QDs occurred, as confirmed by a change in the emission spectra and lifetimes. Analysis of time-dependent emission properties revealed the coaggregation mechanism of QDs and 1.
Evaluation of split-filter dual-energy CT for characterization of urinary stones
Authors: Appel Elisabeth , Thomas Christoph , Steuwe Andrea , Schaarschmidt Benedikt M , Brook Olga R , Aissa Joel , Hennenlotter Jörg , Antoch Gerald , Boos Johannes 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To assess accuracy of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) to differentiate uric acid from calcium urinary stones in dual-energy split filter vs sequential-spiral vs dual-source acquisition. Methods: Thirty-four urinary stones (volume 89.0 ± 77.4 mm³; 17 calcium stones, 17 uric acid stones) were scanned in a water-filled phantom using a split-filter equipped CT scanner (SOMATOM Definition Edge, Siemens Healthineers, Forchheim, Germany) in split-filter mode at 120 kVp and sequential-spiral mode at 80 and 140 kVp. Additional DE scans were acquired at 80 and 140 kVp (tin filter) with a dual-source CT scanner (SOMATOM Definition FLASH, Siemens Healthineers). Scans were performed with a CTDIvol of 7.3 mGy in all protocols. Urinary stone categorization was based on dual energy ratio (DER) using an automated 3D segmentation. As reference standard, infrared spectroscopy was used to determine urinary stone composition. Results: All three DECT techniques significantly differentiated between uric acid and calcium stones by attenuation values and DERs (p < 0.001 for all). Split-filter DECT provided higher DERs for uric acid stones, when compared with dual-source and sequential-spiral DECT, and lower DERs for calcified stones when compared with dual-source DECT (p < 0.001 for both), leading to a decreased accuracy for material differentiation. Conclusion: Split-filter DECT, sequential-spiral DECT and dual-source DECT all allow for the acquisition of DER to classify urinary stones. Advances in knowledge: Split-filter DECT enables the differentiation between uric acid and calcium stones despite decreased spectral separation when compared with dual-source and dual-spiral DECT.