bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic improvement with short‐term, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist treatment does not improve cardiac diastolic dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Bojer Annemie Stege , Sørensen Martin Heyn , Bjerre Jenny , Gæde Peter , Vejlstrup Niels , Madsen Per Lav 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate if short‐term treatment with liraglutide, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, improves left ventricular diastolic function.Materials and MethodsAn investigator‐initiated, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial on the effect of 18 weeks of treatment with liraglutide on diastolic function was assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes with signs of diastolic dysfunction (echo‐Doppler determined E/e' ≥ 9 and/or lateral e' ≤ 10 cm/s). Primary outcomes were improved left ventricle filling (the early peak filling rate [ePFR]) and left atrium ease of emptying (the passive emptying fraction [LAPEF]), assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at rest and during chronotropic stress. Secondary outcomes included left ventricular and left atrial volumes and systolic function, measures of aortic stiffness and echocardiographic diastolic variables.ResultsForty patients were randomized to liraglutide subcutaneously 1.8 mg/day (n = 20) or placebo (n = 20). Liraglutide reduced HbA1c (−0.47%, 95% CI [−0.88% to −0.06%] [−5.1, 95% CI {−9.7 to −0.62} mmol/mol]) and weight (−2.9, 95% CI [−4.6 to −1.2] kg); both P < .03. Liraglutide did not change ePFR at rest (−24 ± 60 vs. −6 ± 46 mL/s), during stress (2 ± 58 vs. −2 ± 38 mL/s), or the changes from rest to stress (12.9 ± 72.5 vs. 4.7 ± 104.0; all P > .05). LAPEF decreased with liraglutide during stress (−3.1% [−9.0%, 1.1%] vs. 1.0% [−2.9%, 6.1%]; P = .049), but no changes were evident at rest (−4.3% [−7.9%, 1.9%] vs. −0.6% [−3.1%, 2.2%]; P = .19), or for the changes from rest to stress (−1.7 ± 8.4 vs. 0.8 ± 8.2; P = .4). Secondary outcomes were unchanged by liraglutide.ConclusionsShort‐term treatment with liraglutide did not improve left ventricular diastolic function, suggesting the cardioprotective effect is not exerted through the improvement in diastolic dysfunction.
Protectors or enablers? Untangling the roles of traditional authorities and local elites in foreign land grabs in Cameroon
Authors: Ndi Frankline Anum , Wanki James Emmanuel , Dessein Joost 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMotivationIn Cameroon, most land earmarked for allocation to foreign investors is communally owned. The state, however, considers such land as “empty” or “underutilized”—a faulty designation that confers upon the Cameroonian state and state representatives sweeping authority to allocate lands to potential investors without full consultation with communities whose livelihoods depend on them.PurposeThe article addresses the following questions: who are traditional authorities in the context of Cameroon? What is their place in the complex dynamics of neopatrimonial governance, and how does this influence their allegiance to state versus the people they ought to represent? How do they collaborate to enable state actions during land grabbing against their people?Methods and approachThe study is based on interviews, group discussions, and field observations conducted as part of a larger project on land grabbing in Cameroon; and supplemented with secondary sources through critical reading of published and unpublished scholarly and technical sources, including reports from national non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) such as Nature Cameroon as well as Green Peace, the World Bank, and other bodies.FindingsIt argues that land grabbing in Cameroon should be understood as an outcome of the state’s strategic and/or opportunistic choice, within a neopatrimonial dispensation, to enforce its political power over land and related resources. Local traditional authorities paradoxically play the role of state facilitators in the process, rather than serving as custodians of the populations they represent.Policy implicationsThe article concludes that such pernicious land acquisition would not have been successful without the active collaboration of traditional authorities (so‐called state enablers) who act as “brokers” and facilitators of land deals—sometimes using threats, intimidation, and force on villagers. There is a need for policies to tackle the accountability problems arising from the ambivalent role that local traditional authorities play in Cameroon’s neopatrimonial order—doubly serving as de facto representatives of local peoples, and at the same time as proxy enablers of large‐scale land acquisition.
MNE post‐entry institutional strategies in emerging markets: An organizational field position perspective
Authors: Jacob Dimitry , Svystunova Liudmyla , Rao‐Nicholson Rekha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we leverage the concept of organizational field, currently under‐explored in international business literature, to understand how multinational enterprises (MNEs) from developed markets (DMs) strategically manage their institutional context in emerging markets (EMs). To develop theoretical arguments, we focus on institutional strategies and theorize how and to what extent MNEs in central, peripheral, and intermediate field positions engage with host country institutions in EMs. Using an international business perspective, organizational theory, and illustrations from EMs, we develop a dynamic view of field positions to identify how MNEs' intermediate repositioning trajectories in between the field's center and the periphery, driven by environmental and corporate factors, lead to the associated changes in the form and scope of institutional strategies deployed in EMs. In doing so, we offer testable propositions for future research.
Admission computed tomography radiomic signatures outperform hematoma volume in predicting baseline clinical severity and functional outcome in the ATACH‐2 trial intracerebral hemorrhage population
Authors: Haider Stefan P. , Qureshi Adnan I. , Jain Abhi , Tharmaseelan Hishan , Berson Elisa R. , Zeevi Tal , Majidi Shahram , Filippi Christopher G. , Iseke Simon , Gross Moritz , Acosta Julian N. , Malhotra Ajay , Kim Jennifer A. , Sansing Lauren H. , Falcone Guido J. , Sheth Kevin N. , Payabvash Seyedmehdi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeRadiomics provides a framework for automated extraction of high‐dimensional feature sets from medical images. We aimed to determine radiomics signature correlates of admission clinical severity and medium‐term outcome from intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) lesions on baseline head computed tomography (CT).MethodsWe used the ATACH‐2 (Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage II) trial dataset. Patients included in this analysis (n = 895) were randomly allocated to discovery (n = 448) and independent validation (n = 447) cohorts. We extracted 1130 radiomics features from hematoma lesions on baseline noncontrast head CT scans and generated radiomics signatures associated with admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and 3‐month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores. Spearman's correlation between radiomics signatures and corresponding target variables was compared with hematoma volume.ResultsIn the discovery cohort, radiomics signatures, compared to ICH volume, had a significantly stronger association with admission GCS (0.47 vs. 0.44, p = 0.008), admission NIHSS (0.69 vs. 0.57, p < 0.001), and 3‐month mRS scores (0.44 vs. 0.32, p < 0.001). Similarly, in independent validation, radiomics signatures, compared to ICH volume, had a significantly stronger association with admission GCS (0.43 vs. 0.41, p = 0.02), NIHSS (0.64 vs. 0.56, p < 0.001), and 3‐month mRS scores (0.43 vs. 0.33, p < 0.001). In multiple regression analysis adjusted for known predictors of ICH outcome, the radiomics signature was an independent predictor of 3‐month mRS in both cohorts.ConclusionsLimited by the enrollment criteria of the ATACH‐2 trial, we showed that radiomics features quantifying hematoma texture, density, and shape on baseline CT can provide imaging correlates for clinical presentation and 3‐month outcome. These findings couldtrigger a paradigm shift where imaging biomarkers may improve current modelsfor prognostication, risk‐stratification, and treatment triage of ICH patients.
Military couples’ childhood experiences and romantic relationship satisfaction: The role of accepting influence
Authors: Peterson Clairee , O’Neal Catherine Walker , Futris Ted G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough accepting influence (i.e., being open to the influence of others) is considered important for couple relationships, there is a lack of empirical research on the association between accepting influence and relationship satisfaction. Moreover, research has not examined what family experiences may precede one's ability to accept influence in later romantic relationships, although life course theory and the vulnerability stress adaptation model support the notion that stressful childhood experiences may be consequential for accepting influence adaptive processes, which, in turn, can impact relationship satisfaction. This study used dyadic, couple data and an actor partner interdependence model to investigate the associations between stressful childhood experiences, accepting influence, and relationship satisfaction in a sample of 229 military couples (with one male service member and one female civilian spouse) after accounting for elements of their military context (e.g., rank, number of deployments), relationship length, and mental health. The path model also estimated the indirect effects from both partners’ stressful childhood experiences to relationship satisfaction through accepting influence. Female spouses’ stressful childhood experiences were associated with their perceptions of male partners’ accepting influence, which, in turn, was associated with both partners’ relationship satisfaction, demonstrating partial mediation. Military couples, as well as other couples in stressful contexts, may benefit from interventions that address how prior family experiences impact current accepting influence processes. Moreover, accepting influence behaviors can be a tool for couples to utilize to mitigate the possible negative consequences of their stressful circumstances on their relationship.
Invasive dental procedures as risk factors for postoperative spinal infection and the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis
Authors: Sung Sahyun , Kim Eun Hwa , Kwon Ji‐Won , Lee Jung‐Seok , Lee Soo‐Bin , Moon Seong‐Hwan , Lee Hwan‐Mo , Jung Inkyung , Lee Byung Ho 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo identify invasive dental procedures as a risk factor for postoperative spinal infection (PSI) and evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotic prophylaxis.Materials and MethodsWe analysed 229,335 patients who underwent spinal surgery with instrumentation from 2010 to 2017, using the nationwide database. The incidence of spinal infection 2 years after surgery was determined. Invasive dental procedures as a risk factor for PSI and the effects of antibiotic prophylaxis during this period were also analysed.ResultsA total of 15,346 patients (6.69%) were diagnosed with PSI. It was found that advanced age, male sex, and a high Charlson Comorbidity Index were risk factors for PSI. The risk of PSI did not increase following dental procedures (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.850; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.793–0.912) and was not affected by antibiotics (adjusted HR 1.097; 95% CI, 0.987–1.218). Patients who received dental treatment as early as 3 months after spinal surgery had the lowest risk of postoperative infection (adjusted HR 0.869; 95% CI, 0.795–0.950).ConclusionsInvasive dental procedure does not increase the risk of PSI, and antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedure was not effective in preventing spinal infection.
Deterioration of periodontal status affects declines in masticatory performance: The Suita study
Authors: Kosaka Takayuki , Ono Takahiro , Kida Momoyo , Fushida Shuri , Nokubi Takashi , Kokubo Yoshihiro , Watanabe Makoto , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Ikebe Kazunori 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimWe aimed to clarify the association between deterioration of periodontal status and masticatory performance in a longitudinal follow‐up study of a general urban population.Materials and methodsThis study investigated 663 participants in the Suita study with no changes in the number of functional teeth or occlusal support areas during a 5‐year follow‐up period. Participants were classified into three groups according to changes in periodontal status during the survey period: a recovered group; a stable group; and a deteriorated group. Rate of masticatory performance change was calculated by subtracting the value at baseline from the value at follow‐up and dividing the resulting value by the baseline value.ResultsMedian rates of masticatory performance change were −11.7% in the recovered group, −19.2% in the stable group, and −30.8% in the deteriorated group, and these values were significantly different (p < .001). Multiple regression analysis revealed periodontal status group (recovered group: reference; stable group: p = .029; deteriorated group: p = .006) as an independent variable was significantly associated with the rate of masticatory performance change.ConclusionThe present results suggest that deterioration of periodontal status increases the risk of age‐related declines in masticatory performance.
Metabolic phenotyping of saliva to identify possible biomarkers of periodontitis using proton nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Kim Seonghye , Kim Hyun‐Joo , Song Yuri , Lee Hyun Ah. , Kim Suhkmann , Chung Jin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to propose biomarker candidates for periodontitis via untargeted metabolomics analysis.Materials and methodsMetabolic profiling was performed using saliva samples from 92 healthy controls (H) and 129 periodontitis patients (P) in the discovery cohort using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Random forest was applied to identify metabolites that significantly differentiated the control group from the periodontitis group. Candidate metabolites were then validated in an independent validation cohort.ResultsIn the discovery set, the metabolic profiles of the P group were clearly separated from those of the H group. A total of 31 metabolites were identified in saliva, and 7 metabolites were selected as candidate biomarkers. These metabolites were further confirmed in the validation set. Ethanol, taurine, isovalerate, butyrate, and glucose were finally confirmed as biomarkers. Furthermore, the biomarker panel showed more than 0.9 of the area under curve value in both discovery and validation sets, indicating that panels were more effective than individual metabolites for diagnosing periodontitis.ConclusionsWe identified five metabolite biomarkers that discriminated patients with periodontitis from healthy controls in two independent cohorts. These biomarkers have the potential for periodontal screening, detection of periodontitis, and monitoring of the outcome of periodontal therapy.
High‐throughput field phenotyping reveals genetic variation in photosynthetic traits in durum wheat under drought
Authors: Zendonadi dos Santos Nícolas , Piepho Hans‐Peter , Condorelli Giuseppe Emanuele , Licieri Groli Eder , Newcomb Maria , Ward Richard , Tuberosa Roberto , Maccaferri Marco , Fiorani Fabio , Rascher Uwe , Muller Onno 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) is a powerful non‐invasive technique for probing photosynthesis. Although proposed as a method for drought tolerance screening, ChlF has not yet been fully adopted in physiological breeding, mainly due to limitations in high‐throughput field phenotyping capabilities. The light‐induced fluorescence transient (LIFT) sensor has recently been shown to reliably provide active ChlF data for rapid and remote characterisation of plant photosynthetic performance. We used the LIFT sensor to quantify photosynthesis traits across time in a large panel of durum wheat genotypes subjected to a progressive drought in replicated field trials over two growing seasons. The photosynthetic performance was measured at the canopy level by means of the operating efficiency of Photosystem II () and the kinetics of electron transport measured by reoxidation rates ( and ). Short‐ and long‐term changes in ChlF traits were found in response to soil water availability and due to interactions with weather fluctuations. In mild drought, and were little affected, while was consistently accelerated in water‐limited compared to well‐watered plants, increasingly so with rising vapour pressure deficit. This high‐throughput approach allowed assessment of the native genetic diversity in ChlF traits while considering the diurnal dynamics of photosynthesis.
Mechanical properties and UTE‐T2* in Patellar tendinopathy: The effect of load magnitude in exercise‐based treatment
Authors: Agergaard Anne‐Sofie , Svensson Rene B. , Hoeffner Rikke , Hansen Philip , Couppé Christian , Kjaer Michael , Magnusson S. Peter 
Published: June 2021

Loading intervention is currently the preferred management of tendinopathy, but to what extent different loading regimes influence the mechanical response in tendons is scarcely investigated. Therefore, the purposes of the investigation were to examine the effect of exercise interventions with either high or low load magnitude applied to the tendinopathic patellar tendon and the influence on its mechanical, material, and morphological properties. Forty‐four men with chronic patellar tendinopathy were randomized to 12 weeks of exercising with either; 55% of 1RM throughout the period (MSR group) or 90% of 1RM (HSR group), and with equal total exercise volume in both groups. Mechanical (stiffness), material (T2* relaxation time), and morphological (cross‐sectional area (CSA)) properties were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. MRI with ultra‐short echo times (UTE) and T2*‐mapping was applied to explore if T2* relaxation time could be used as a noninvasive marker for internal material alteration and early change thereof in response to intervention. There was no effect of HSR or MSR on the mechanical (stiffness), material (T2* relaxation time) or morphological (CSA) properties, but both regimes resulted in significant strength gain. In conclusion, there were no statistically superior effect of exercising with high (90%) compared to moderate (55%) load magnitude on the mechanical, material or morphological properties.
Antifungal susceptibility of dermatophytes from racehorses in Japan
Authors: Watanabe Ryousuke , Huruta Hikaru , Ueno Yuji , Nukada Toshio , Niwa Hidekazu , Shinyashiki Naoki , Kano Rui 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundLuliconazole (LCZ) is an imidazole antifungal medication that exhibits excellent activity against dermatophytes. As a topical cream and lotion (approved for human use), LCZ has demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity against human dermatophytoses.ObjectivesThis is the first study to investigate the in vitro susceptibility of clinical isolates from horse dermatophytoses to LCZ.AnimalsNo animals were used in this study.Methods and materialsIn the present study, the in vitro susceptibilities of clinical isolates of dermatophytes to LCZ, clotrimazole (CTZ), miconazole (MCZ) and terbinafine (TRF) were investigated using the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute M38‐A2 test.ResultsThe minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for all 16 clinical isolates of Trichophyton equinum, Microsporum equinum/canis and M. gypseum for LCZ were <0.03 mg/L. The MICs of all isolates were <0.03–0.5 mg/L for CTZ, 0.03–16 mg/L for MCZ and <0.03–1 mg/L for TRF.ConclusionsLCZ demonstrated a broad spectrum of activity against clinical isolates from horse dermatophytoses. We consider that LCZ will become the primary antifungal agent for treating horse dermatophytosis.
Sex differences in the vascular response to sympathetic activation during acute hypoxaemia
Authors: Jacob Dain W. , Harper Jennifer L. , Ivie Clayton L. , Ott Elizabeth P. , Limberg Jacqueline K. 
Published: June 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction is preserved during hypoxaemia in humans, but our understanding of vascular control comes from predominantly male cohorts. We tested the hypothesis that young women attenuate sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction during steady‐state hypoxaemia, whereas men do not?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction is preserved or even enhanced during steady‐state hypoxia in young men, and the peripheral vascular response to sympathetic activation during hypoxaemia is attenuated in young women. These data advance our understanding of sex‐related differences in hypoxic vascular control.

AbstractActivation of the sympathetic nervous system causes vasoconstriction and a reduction in peripheral blood flow. Sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction may be attenuated during systemic hypoxia to maintain oxygen delivery; however, in predominantly male participants sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction is preserved or even enhanced during hypoxaemia. Given the potential for sex‐specific differences in hypoxic vascular control, prior results are limited in application. We tested the hypothesis that young women attenuate sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction during steady‐state hypoxaemia, whereas men do not. Healthy young men (n = 13, 25 ± 4 years) and women (n = 11, 24 ± 4 years) completed two trials consisting of a 2‐min cold pressor test (CPT, a well‐established sympathoexcitatory stimulus) during baseline normoxia and steady‐state hypoxaemia. Beat‐to‐beat blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography) and forearm blood flow (venous occlusion plethysmography) were measured continuously. Total and forearm vascular conductance (TVC and FVC, respectfully) were calculated. A change (Δ) in TVC and FVC from steady‐state during the last 1 min of CPT was calculated and differences between normoxia and systemic hypoxia were assessed. In men, the reduction in TVC during CPT was greater during hypoxia compared to normoxia (ΔTVC, P = 0.02), whereas ΔTVC did not differ between conditions in women (P = 0.49). In men, ΔFVC did not differ between normoxia and hypoxia (P = 0.92). In women, the reduction in FVC during CPT was attenuated during hypoxia (ΔFVC, P < 0.01). We confirm sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction is preserved or enhanced during hypoxaemia in young men, whereas peripheral vascular responsiveness to sympathetic activation during hypoxaemia is attenuated in young women. The results advance our understanding of sex‐related differences in hypoxic vascular control.
Strength and Isothermal Fatigue Resistance of SnBi/SnAgCu Joints Reflowed at Low Temperatures
Authors: Yadav Manu , Alghoul Thaer , Thekkut Sanoop , Das Ronit , Greene Christopher , Borgesen Peter , Sakib A. R. Nazmus , Wentlent Luke , Joshi Shantanu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Soldered micro-electronics assemblies may have to survive a variety of mechanical loads in repeated drops, cyclic bending, or vibration. A very large body of work has addressed the isothermal fatigue performance of SnAgCu solder joints. This work offers a general assessment of the achievable performance of so-called hybrid solder joints formed by soldering with eutectic SnBi or SnBiAg to SnAgCu bumps on area array components. This allows for soldering at much lower temperatures than with SnAgCu alone, but the deformation and damage properties of the resulting structures depend strongly on details of the design and process. A peak reflow temperature of 175 °C was shown to be sufficient to ensure that the life of the joints remains limited by fatigue of the unmixed SnAgCu near the component. However, a higher effective stiffness of the mixed region near the substrate means that the life will be lower by 45%.