Value Propositions for Digital Shared Medication Plans to Boost Patient–Health Care Professional Partnerships: Co-Design Study
Authors: Bugnon Benjamin , Bosisio Francesca , Kaufmann Alain , Bonnabry Pascal , Geissbuhler Antoine , von Plessen Christian 
Published: December 2024

Background
Health authorities worldwide have invested in digital technologies to establish robust information exchange systems for improving the safety and efficiency of medication management. Nevertheless, inaccurate medication lists and information gaps are common, particularly during care transitions, leading to avoidable harm, inefficiencies, and increased costs. Besides fragmented health care processes, the inconsistent incorporation of patient-driven changes contributes to these problems. Concurrently, patient-empowerment tools, such as mobile apps, are often not integrated into health care professional workflows. Leveraging coproduction by allowing patients to update their digital shared medication plans (SMPs) is a promising but underused and challenging approach.

Objective
This study aimed to determine the value propositions of a digital tool enabling patients, family caregivers, and health care professionals to coproduce and co-manage medication plans within Switzerland’s national eHealth architecture.

Methods
We used an experience-based co-design approach in the French-speaking region of Switzerland. The multidisciplinary research team included 5 patients as co-researchers. We recruited polypharmacy patients, family caregivers, and health care professionals with a broad range of experiences, diseases, and ages. The experience-based co-design had 4 phases: capturing, understanding, and improving experiences, followed by preparing recommendations and next steps. A qualitative, participatory methodology was used to iteratively explore collaborative medication management experiences and identify barriers and enabling mechanisms, including technology. We conducted a thematic analysis of participant interviews to develop value propositions for digital SMPs.

Results
In total, 31 persons participated in 9 interviews, 5 focus groups, and 2 co-design workshops. We identified four value propositions for involving patients and family caregivers in digital SMP management: (1) comprehensive, accessible information about patients’ current medication plans and histories, enabling streamlined access and reconciliation on a single platform; (2) patient and health care professional empowerment through the explicit co-ownership of SMPs, fostering coresponsibility, accountability, and transparent collaboration; (3) a means of supporting collaborative interprofessional medication management, including tailored access to information and improved communication across stakeholders; and (4) an opportunity to improve the quality of care and catalyze digital health innovations. Participants discussed types of patient involvement in editing shared information and emphasized the importance of tailoring SMPs to individual abilities and preferences to foster health equity. Integrating co-management into the clinical routine and creating supportive conditions were deemed important.

Conclusions
Coproduced SMPs can improve medication management by fostering trust and collaboration between patients and health care professionals. Successful implementation will require eHealth interoperability frameworks that embrace the complexity of medication management and support diverse use configurations. Our findings underscored the shared responsibility of all stakeholders, including policy makers and technology providers, for the effective and safe use of SMPs. The 4 value propositions offer strategic guidance, while highlighting the need for further research in different health care settings.