bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educational Continuity During the COVID-19 Pandemic at Qatar Foundation’s MultiverCity
Authors: Al Nuaimi Buthaina Ali , Zainal Hend , Marmolejo Francisco 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince 1995, the Qatar Foundation (QF) has played a key role in the development of Qatar through education, science, and community development. QF is an “umbrella” array of more than 50 entities covering the entire educational system from PreK-12 schools to doctoral higher education, in addition to a variety of related organizations supporting innovation, health, culture, and community development. This case study examines how the QF Multiverse-city (MultiverCity) model has created synergies between Higher Education and Pre-University Education, which have contributed to support educational continuity during the pandemic across the Foundation and beyond. All the programs shifted to the online delivery mode and new professional development programs and online resources were designed and delivered to teachers to support them in this sudden transition. Also, QF organized a series of virtual global conferences addressing the impact of COVID-19 on education, the responses of schools and systems, and how to reimagine education postcrisis. An electronic publication discussing the different experiences shared in the conference with policy recommendations is being released with the aims of informing policymakers and educators in Qatar and globally.The unique ecosystem of QF has shown its advantages by witnessing a significant proliferation of initiatives devoted to supporting the continuation of elementary and secondary education both in QF schools and nationwide. One of the success factors of these initiatives is the strong links and partnerships that QF has established between its entities and all the education stakeholders nationally and internationally over the past 25 years. Community outreach and support to PreK-12 education have always been integral to QF strategy. At the same time, the pandemic has provided opportunities for further impact research, and for further learning about the impact of contingencies, implementation of emergency plans, and best practices for more effective connectedness between different levels of the educational system.
Community Building in Times of Pandemic: University Camilo José Cela, Spain
Authors: Nieto Miguel Ángel Pérez , Bonet Nieves Segovia , Trujillo Ignacio Sell , Pérez Carlota Tovar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUniversity Camilo José Cela (UCJC) is a private university located in Madrid (Spain) that belongs to the SEK Education Group, an institution with 125 years of tradition and a strong innovation identity. This case study presents the response that UCJC has given to facilitate the adaptation of the educational community (students, families, and teachers) to the situation arising from the pandemic caused by COVID-19. It will explain the coordination actions between students from the School of Education at UCJC and the impact derived from their interventions. Specifically, it will detail students’ participation as teacher assistants in online teaching within the IB pedagogical model to respond to the demands of primary and secondary teachers. This collaboration is the most outstanding due to the number of students and schools involved and the efficacy and efficiency of its implementation.On the other hand, there were other interventions of a smaller scale but a high social impact committed to disadvantaged sectors of the population. For example, our students’ support gave refugee students from Syria reinforcing their training or the psycho-emotional, educational, and legal assistance that volunteers from the bachelor’s degree of law provided to children and families in social exclusion. It is also significant to highlight the UCJC international actions: the teacher training program, EachTeach, provided educational methodologies, resources, and media to refugee teachers at the Kakuma refugee camp (Kenya), helping them to raise awareness about COVID-19, and the Cambodian program dedicated to training volunteers on how to combat the pandemic on these vulnerable contexts, where children live on the streets.Finally, to define broader collaborations and scale these initiatives in the future, this case study will reflect on the reasons for the success achieved, especially in training and pedagogical innovation and in the use of educational technology. The UCJC and SEK Schools collaboration allowed the use of a common technological language, sharing values. The development of training, support, and advice, between the university community (professors and faculty students) and the schools’ community (teachers, students, and families), enabled a wide range of relevant issues to be addressed in dealing with COVID-19 by schools and the broader education community.
MIT Full STEAM Ahead: Bringing Project-Based, Collaborative Learning to Remote Learning Environments
Authors: Urrea Claudia , Delong Kirky , Diaz Joe , Klopfer Eric , Thompson Meredith , Wagh Aditi , Gardony Jenny , Anderson Emma , Kundargi Rohan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith schools and educational centers around the country moving from in-person to emergency remote learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic, education faces an unprecedented crisis (Hodges et al., Educause Review 27, 2020). This case study presents the efforts and impact of Full STEAM Ahead (FSA) launched by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in response to the pandemic to support remote collaborative learning for K-12 learners, parents, and educators. We present two FSA initiatives: (1) weekly themed packages with developmentally appropriate activities for K-12 remote learning and (2) Full STEAM Ahead Into Summer (FSAIS), an online summer program for middle school Massachusetts students, specifically targeting students who are at risk for “COVID Slide.” (Institute-wide Task Force on the Future of MIT Education-Final Report: http://web.mit.edu/future-report/TaskForceFinal_July28.pdf?) Our operative theory of change is that we can improve K-12 remote collaborative learning experiences through developing and sharing a curriculum that exemplifies the minds-on and hands-on approach advocated by MIT, strategically leveraging existing structures and projects within MIT, and establishing partnerships with the local and international community. We gauge the effect of these efforts on contributing members of the MIT community and targeted learners by analyzing data gathered through participant surveys and artifacts such as the website, packages, modules, and student projects created during the summer programs. Our findings indicate that existing structures and resources – with community building – facilitated the achievement of our goal to develop and distribute problem-based learning activities and that interaction and community building were central in meeting those goals. This work contributes to the knowledge base regarding emergency online learning and the development of effective university outreach efforts.
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP). A Transversal Model to Support Educational Continuity Fostering Resilience, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Zepeda Rodolfo , Quintero Roberto 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThroughout its history, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), a public institution, has always been a guide of social and economic development of the state of Puebla. From one moment to another, the state was unexpectedly immersed in the Covid-19 pandemic that caused the sudden migration from a mostly face-to-face instructional model to an online one. Immediately, the institution summoned different staff members to define and analyze the situation and then establish actions to guarantee educational continuity.As part of this analysis, they identified opportunities specifically at the upper secondary level, which includes high school. In particular, one opportunity was to offer entrepreneurship courses in an online format, capitalizing on the experience gained from the undergraduate program. Given the characteristics of the pandemic, the analysis also highlighted that the crisis would have severe economic effects on the students and their families, diminishing their income.It is estimated that the entrepreneurship education program reached 18,000 people, including students, faculty members, and parents. Over 10,000 more people will be reached throughout the rest of the year. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen the resilience, innovation, and entrepreneurial capacity of the university ecosystem.
The Future of Mobile Edge Computing
Authors: Zhang Yan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis chapter first introduces the fundamental principles of blockchain and the integration of blockchain and mobile edge computing (MEC). Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology with a few desirable security characteristics. The integration of blockchain and MEC can improve the security of current MEC systems and provide greater performance benefits in terms of better decentralization, security, privacy, and service efficiency. Then, the convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and MEC is presented. A federated learning–empowered MEC architecture is introduced. To improve the performance of the proposed scheme, asynchronous federated learning is proposed. The integration of blockchain and federated learning is also presented to enhance the security and privacy of the federated learning–empowered MEC scheme. Finally, more MEC enabled applications are discussed.
“Central Nation-Peripheral Barbarians in Four Directions-Four Seas”: The Geopolitical Order of Land-Sea Interactions of Early Chinese Civilization
Authors: Wu Chunming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite being a coastal country located to the west of the Pacific, ancient China essentially had a continental cultural pattern, with its vision turned toward the mainland, and a geopolitical order of land-sea interactions of ancient civilization centered on the Central Plains (Zhongyuan, 中原) around the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and surrounded by “Peripheral Barbarians in Four Directions” (四方蛮夷) within “Four Seas” (四海). Nevertheless, these peripheral maritime “barbarian” Yi (夷) and Yue (越) and the oversea maritime Fan (番) had been active and developed along the southeast coast of China at the edge of these “Four Directions”. Here they had objectively played an important and indispensable role in the ancient history of Chinese civilization, from the native seafaring tradition of “being good at using boats” in the prehistoric and early historical period to the medieval and late historical “Maritime Silk Road” from Han (汉) to Tang (唐) dynasties.
A Brief Review on the Researches of Cultural Relationship Between Indigenous Bai Yue in Southeast of China and Pacific Austronesian
Authors: Wu Chunming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAncient “Bai Yue” (百越) and “Austronesian” are indigenous peoples with very close relationship, distributing from south China, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific Islands. The relationship between Bai Yue and Proto-Austronesian has long been studied in both Chinese and Euro-American academies. During most of the twentieth century, Chinese historians and archaeologists mainly discussed the origins of Malay ethnics as one branch of Austronesian within the academic framework of the ethno-history of Bai Yue centering on the southeast coast of China, while western academic peers mainly based on the linguistic investigation of modern Austronesian and carried out multi-disciplines’ research on the origin of Proto-Austronesian.
Looking forward to lepton-flavor-violating ALPs
Authors: Calibbi Lorenzo , Redigolo Diego , Ziegler Robert , Zupan Jure 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We assess the status of past and future experiments on lepton flavor violating (LFV) muon and tau decays into a light, invisible, axion-like particle (ALP), a. We propose a new experimental setup for MEG II, the MEGII-fwd, with a forward calorimeter placed downstream from the muon stopping target. Searching for μ → ea decays MEGII-fwd is maximally sensitive to LFV ALPs, if these have nonzero couplings to right-handed leptons. The experimental set-up suppresses the (left-handed) Standard Model background in the forward direction by controlling the polarization purity of the muon beam. The reach of MEGII-fwd is compared with the present constraints, the reach of Mu3e and the Belle-II reach from τ → ℓa decays. We show that a dedicated experimental campaign for LFV muon decays into ALPs at MEG II and Mu3e will be able to probe the ALP parameter space in an unexplored region well beyond the existing astrophysical constraints. We study the implications of these searches for representative LFV ALP models, where the presence of a light ALP is motivated by neutrino masses, the strong CP problem and/or the SM flavor puzzle. To this extent we discuss the majoron in low-scale seesaw setups and introduce the LFV QCD axion, the LFV axiflavon and the leptonic familon, paying particular attention to the cases where the LFV ALPs constitute cold dark matter.
Neurochemical abnormalities in chronic fatigue syndrome: a pilot magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 7 Tesla
Authors: Godlewska Beata R. , Williams Stephen , Emir Uzay E. , Chen Chi , Sharpley Ann L. , Goncalves Ana Jorge , Andersson Monique I. , Clarke William , Angus Brian , Cowen Philip J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rationale
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a common and burdensome illness with a poorly understood pathophysiology, though many of the characteristic symptoms are likely to be of brain origin. The use of high-field proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) enables the detection of a range of brain neurochemicals relevant to aetiological processes that have been linked to CFS, for example, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Methods
We studied 22 CFS patients and 13 healthy controls who underwent MRS scanning at 7 T with a voxel placed in the anterior cingulate cortex. Neurometabolite concentrations were calculated using the unsuppressed water signal as a reference.

Results
Compared to controls, CFS patients had lowered levels of glutathione, total creatine and myo-inositol in anterior cingulate cortex. However, when using N-acetylaspartate as a reference metabolite, only myo-inositol levels continued to be significantly lower in CFS participants.

Conclusions
The changes in glutathione and creatine are consistent with the presence of oxidative and energetic stress in CFS patients and are potentially remediable by nutritional intervention. A reduction in myo-inositol would be consistent with glial dysfunction. However, the relationship of the neurochemical abnormalities to the causation of CFS remains to be established, and the current findings require prospective replication in a larger sample.
Bee Trypanosomatids: First Steps in the Analysis of the Genetic Variation and Population Structure of Lotmaria passim, Crithidia bombi and Crithidia mellificae
Authors: Bartolomé Carolina , Buendía-Abad María , Ornosa Concepción , De la Rúa Pilar , Martín-Hernández Raquel , Higes Mariano , Maside Xulio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTrypanosomatids are among the most prevalent parasites in bees but, despite the fact that their impact on the colonies can be quite important and that their infectivity may potentially depend on their genotypes, little is known about the population diversity of these pathogens. Here we cloned and sequenced three non-repetitive single copy loci (DNA topoisomerase II, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and RNA polymerase II large subunit, RPB1) to produce new genetic data from Crithidia bombi, C. mellificae and Lotmaria passim isolated from honeybees and bumblebees. These were analysed by applying population genetic tools in order to quantify and compare their variability within and between species, and to obtain information on their demography and population structure. The general pattern for the three species was that (1) they were subject to the action of purifying selection on nonsynonymous variants, (2) the levels of within species diversity were similar irrespective of the host, (3) there was evidence of recombination among haplotypes and (4) they showed no haplotype structuring according to the host. C. bombi exhibited the lowest levels of synonymous variation (πS= 0.06 ± 0.04 %) — and a mutation frequency distribution compatible with a population expansion after a bottleneck — that contrasted with the extensive polymorphism displayed by C. mellificae (πS= 2.24 ± 1.00 %), which likely has a more ancient origin. L. passim showed intermediate values (πS= 0.40 ± 0.28 %) and an excess of variants a low frequencies probably linked to the spread of this species to new geographical areas.
Lung fibrosis in autoimmune diseases and hypersensitivity: how to separate these from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Popper Helmut , Stacher-Priehse Elvira , Brcic Luka , Nerlich Andreas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLung involvement in autoimmune diseases (AID) is uncommon, but may precede other organ manifestations. A diagnostic problem is chronicity presenting with lung fibrosis. A new category of interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features for patients with clinical symptoms of AID and presenting with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) enables antifibrotic treatment for these patients. Hypersensitivity pneumonia (HP) and other forms of lung fibrosis were not included into this category. As these diseases based on adverse immune reactions often present with unspecific clinical symptoms, a specified pathological diagnosis will assist the clinical evaluation. We aimed to establish etiology-relevant differences of patterns associated with AID or HP combined with lung fibrosis. We retrospectively evaluated 51 cases of AID, and 29 cases of HP with lung fibrosis, and compared these to 24 cases of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (UIP/IPF). Subacute AID and HP most often presented with organizing pneumonia (OP), whereas chronicity was associated with UIP. Unspecified fibrosis was seen in a few cases, whereas NSIP pattern was rare. In 9 cases, the underlying etiology could not be defined. Statistically significant features differentiating chronic AID or HP from UIP/IPF are lymphocytic infiltrations into myofibroblastic/fibroblastic foci. Other features significantly associated with AID and HP were granulomas, isolated Langhans giant cells, and protein deposits, but seen in only a minority of cases. A combination of UIP with one of these features enabled a specific etiology-based diagnosis. Besides the antifibrotic drug regimen, additional therapies might be considered.
Association of extended myositis panel results, clinical features, and diagnoses: a single-center retrospective observational study
Authors: Al Nokhatha Shamma Ahmad , Alfares Eman , Corcoran Luke , Conlon Niall , Conway Richard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMyositis-specific antibodies (MSA) and myositis-associated antibodies (MAA) are a feature of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), but are also seen in other rheumatic diseases, and in individuals with no clinical symptoms. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical utility of MSA and MAA and in particular the clinical relevance of weakly positive results. We included all patients at our institution who had at least one positive result on the Immunoblot EUROLINE myositis panel over a 6-year period (2015–2020). Associations with clinical features and final diagnosis were evaluated. Eighty-seven of 225 (39%) myositis panel tests met the inclusion criteria. There were 52 strong positives and 35 weak positives for one or more MSA/MAAs. Among the strong positive group, 15% (8/52) were diagnosed with IIM, 34.6% (18/52) with interstitial lung disease, 7.7% (4/52) with anti-synthetase syndrome, 25% (13/52) with connective tissue disease, and others accounted for 25% (13/52). In weak-positive cases, only 14% (5/35) had connective tissue disease and none had IIM. 60% (21/35) of weak-positive cases were not associated with a specific rheumatic disease. A significant number of positive myositis panel results, particularly weak positives, are not associated with IIM or CTD.
Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on orofacial and respiratory infections in ear, nose, and throat and oral and maxillofacial surgery emergency departments: a retrospective study of 7900 patients
Authors: Haapanen Aleksi , Uittamo Johanna , Furuholm Jussi , Mäkitie Antti , Snäll Johanna 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The study purpose was to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rate and disease profile of orofacial and respiratory infections in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) emergency units.

Materials and methods
Records of patients with orofacial or respiratory infection, or infectious symptoms, diagnosed in the OMFS or ENT Emergency Departments of the Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland between 1st March and 30th October 2020 and the corresponding periods in 2018 and 2019 were reviewed. The main outcome variable was the occurrence of studied infections during the evaluated periods. Other study variables were age, gender, residence area, speciality, specific cause for the emergency department visit and admission to ward.

Results
There was a significant 37% decrease in the number of infection patients in 2020 compared to the years 2019 and 2018 (1894 vs. 2929 and 3077, respectively, p < .001). A mean decrease of 51% (from 1319 and 1249 patients in 2018 and 2019, respectively, to 592 patients in 2020) was seen in the “Other ENT respiratory infection” category. ENT patients were 51% less likely to be admitted to the ward in 2020 compared to 2019 and 2018 (p = .013).

Conclusion
A significant decrease was observed in the volume of emergency department visits for orofacial and respiratory infections during the COVID-19-pandemic in 2020 compared to the non-COVID periods.

Clinical relevance
It seems that social distancing, facial mask wearing, and other infection prevention precautions have changed the accustomed patient profile in orofacial and respiratory infections.
Profile of a new extended range-of-vision IOL: a laboratory study
Authors: Tognetto Daniele , Giglio Rosa , De Giacinto Chiara , Pastore Marco R. , Cirigliano Gabriella , Piñero David P. , Turco Gianluca 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the surface profile of a new-generation extended range-of-vision intraocular lens (IOL) and to compare it with that obtained for a monofocal IOL based on the same platform.

Methods
Prospective, experimental, laboratory study comparing the surface profile of the DFT015 (AcrySof IQ Vivity; Alcon Laboratories, Inc.), a new-generation presbyopia-correcting IOL, with the profile of the SN60WF (AcrySof IQ; Alcon Laboratories, Inc.), an aspheric monofocal IOL based on the same platform. Raw profiles were obtained using contact profilometry. The best-fit form was then subtracted from each raw profile to highlight potential differences.

Results
No significant differences were appreciated in raw profiles. On the contrary, after form removal, the new extended range-of-vision IOL showed a peculiar profile characterized by the presence of two altitudinal symmetrical changes in the order of 1 µm, localized in the central portion of the optic.

Conclusions
The new-generation extended range-of-vision IOL evaluated showed a smooth change of its surface compared to the same platform monofocal IOL. The altitudinal changes blended in the central design of the new presbyopia-correcting IOL, although micrometric, might play a crucial role in creating a continuous focal range while minimizing visual disturbances.