bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing the formulation for reduced‐calorie and antioxidant‐rich sapodilla‐based spread using hybrid computational techniques and fuzzy analysis of sensory data
Authors: Shaikh Anas Ejaz Yasmeen , Chakraborty Snehasis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFormulation of reduced‐calorie, antioxidant‐enriched sapodilla‐based spread was developed using rotatable central composite design of factors/ingredient proportions (mass ratio of sapodilla pulp to grape juice, pectin, and citric acid) for responses (total soluble solids, moisture, phenolics, antioxidant capacity, and firmness). Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were combined with method of steepest ascent (SA) and genetic algorithms (GA) for optimization, leading to hybrid techniques: RSM‐SA, RSM‐GA, and ANN‐GA. RSM modeling proved statistically more efficient than ANN modeling. Fuzzy logic analysis of RSM‐SA, RSM‐GA, and control (sapodilla spread without grape juice) samples revealed RSM‐SA (sapodilla to grape ratio = 1.14; pectin 0.58 g/100 g; citric acid 0.21 g/100 g with TSS of 29 °Bx, 65% moisture; 11.44 g GAE kg−1phenolics, 83.2 mg GAE kg−1antioxidant capacity, and firmness of 47.3 N) had highest sensory acceptability. Its total sugars and antioxidant activity were 0.88 and 1.5 times those of control sample.Practical ApplicationsFood products are conventionally formulated using the cook‐and‐look approach. With the rising consumer awareness regarding healthy foods, it has become essential for food industries to develop food formulations with enhanced nutritional value and quality attributes. The use of computational models helps in studying the effects of ingredients on the characteristics of food products. Further, such models can be used to determine the combination of ingredients that maximize the nutritional value and quality of the food product. Such a systematic approach in formulating food products helps in saving time, resources, and efforts. In this study, a reduced‐calorie, antioxidant‐rich sapodilla‐based spread has been formulated.
How predictive learning influences choice: Evidence for a GPCR‐based memory process necessary for Pavlovian‐instrumental transfer
Authors: Laurent Vincent , Balleine Bernard W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPredictive learning endows stimuli with the capacity to signal both the sensory‐specific and general motivational properties of their associated rewards or outcomes. These two signals can be distinguished behaviorally by their influence on the selection and performance of instrumental actions, respectively. This review focuses on how sensory‐specific predictive learning guides choice between actions that earn otherwise equally desirable outcomes. We describe evidence that outcome‐specific predictive learning is encoded in the basolateral amygdala and drives the accumulation of delta‐opioid receptors on the surface of cholinergic interneurons located in the nucleus accumbens shell. This accumulation constitutes a novel form of cellular memory, not for outcome‐specific predictive learning per se but for the selection of, and choice between, future instrumental actions. We describe recent evidence regarding the cascade of events necessary for the formation and expression of this cellular memory and point to open questions for future research into this process. Beyond these mechanistic considerations, the discovery of this new form of memory is consistent with recent evidence suggesting that intracellular rather than synaptic changes can mediate learning‐related plasticity to modify brain circuitry to prepare for future significant events.
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Focal chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: Onset, course, and distinct features
Authors: Benoit Charline , Svahn Juliette , Debs Rabab , Vandendries Christophe , Lenglet Timothée , Zyss Julie , Maisonobe Thierry , Viala Karine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFocal chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is defined as involving the brachial or lumbosacral plexus, or one or more peripheral nerves in one upper or one lower limb (monomelic distribution). However, other auto‐immune neuropathies such as Lewis‐Sumner syndrome (LSS) and multifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) can also have a focal onset. From a retrospective cohort of 30 focal CIDP patients with a monomelic onset dating back at least 2 years, we distinguished patients with plexus involvement (focal demyelinating plexus neuropathy [F‐PN], n = 18) from those with sensory or sensorimotor (F‐SMN, n = 7), or purely motor (F‐MN, n = 5) impairment located in one or several peripheral nerves. Few (39%) F‐PN patients had motor nerve conduction abnormalities, but the majority showed proximal conduction abnormalities in somatosensory evoked potentials (80%), and all had focal hypertrophy and/or increased short tau inversion recovery image signal intensity on plexus MRI. Impairment remained monomelic in most (94%) F‐PN patients, whereas abnormalities developed in other limbs in 57% of F‐SMN, and 40% of F‐MN patients (P = .015). The prognosis of F‐PN patients was significantly better: none had an ONLS score > 2 at the final follow‐up visit, vs 43% of F‐SMN patients and 40% of F‐MN patients (P = .026). Our findings from a large cohort of focal CIDP patients confirm the existence of different entities that are typically categorized under this one term: on the one hand, patients with a focal plexus neuropathy and on the other, patients with monomelic sensori‐motor or motor involvement of peripheral nerves. These two last subgroups appeared to be more likely to evolve to LSS or MMN phenotype, when F‐PN patients have a more distinctive long‐term, focal, benign course.
Who Reacts to Less Restrictive Divorce Laws?
Authors: Fallesen Peter 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study how divorce behavior in Denmark changed following a July 2013 reform that removed previous restriction on immediate divorce by repealing mandatory 6‐month separation periods for uncontested divorces, instead allowing for immediate administrative divorce.BackgroundMost countries have mandatory separation periods that couples undergo before they can divorce. Separation allows couples a grace period, during which they may reconcile and stay together. Yet, the impact of separation periods on divorce risk remains understudied.MethodsUsing monthly time series data on divorce rates from 2007 to 2018 (T = 144), the research brief estimates the size and shape of the policy impact of the July 2013 reform. Using monthly administrative population data on all ever‐married couples (N*T = 11,304,566), the study further calculates the average characteristics of married couples in Denmark who would have remained together absent the reform.ResultsAfter an initial spike in the divorce rate driven by couples divorcing earlier, the divorce rate settled at a 10% higher level compared to pre‐reform. Couples who divorced because of the reform had been married for fewer years compared to other divorced couples, were ethnic Danish, and had high school degree as the highest educational level.ConclusionMandatory separation periods have a dampening effect on divorce rates.
Patterns of local residual disease and local failure after intensity modulated/image guided radiation therapy for sinonasal tumors in dogs
Authors: Poirier Valerie J. , Koh Ethel S. Y. , Darko Johnson , Fleck Andre , Pinard Christopher , Vail David M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundMost dogs with sinonasal tumors (SNT) treated with radiation therapy (RT) died because of local disease progression.Hypothesis/ObjectivesOur hypothesis is that the majority of local failure and residual disease would occur within the radiation field.AnimalsTwenty‐two dogs with SNT treated with RT.MethodsRetrospective cohort study. Inclusion criteria: dogs with SNT receiving 10 daily fractions of 4.2 Gy with intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)/image guided radiation therapy (IGRT) and follow‐up cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Each CBCT was registered with the original radiation planning CT and the gross tumor volume (GTV) contoured. The GTV was classified as residual (GTVr) or a failure (GTVf). The dose statistic for each GTV was calculated with the original IMRT plan. For GTVf, failures were classified as “in‐field,” “marginal,” or “out‐field” if at least 95, 20‐95, or less than 20% of the volume of failure was within 95% (D95) of the total prescription dose, respectively.ResultsThere were 52 follow‐up CBCT/CTs. Overall there was a GTVr for 20 dogs and GTVf for 16 dogs. The majority of GTVr volume was within the original GTV. GTVf analysis showed that 75% (12/16) were “in‐field,” 19% (3/16) were “marginal” and 6% (1/16) were “out‐field.”Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceIn‐field failures are the main pattern for local recurrence, and there is evidence of radioresistant subvolumes within the GTV.
ActS activates peptidoglycan amidases during outer membrane stress in Escherichia coli
Authors: Gurnani Serrano Carlos K. , Winkle Matthias , Martorana Alessandra M. , Biboy Jacob , Morè Niccolo , Moynihan Patrick , Banzhaf Manuel , Vollmer Waldemar , Polissi Alessandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe integrity of the cell envelope of E. coli relies on the concerted activity of multi‐protein machineries that synthesize the peptidoglycan (PG) and the outer membrane (OM). Our previous work found that the depletion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) export to the OM induces an essential PG remodeling process involving LD‐transpeptidases (LDTs), the glycosyltransferase function of PBP1B and the carboxypeptidase PBP6a. Consequently, cells with defective OM biogenesis lyse if they lack any of these PG enzymes. Here we report that the morphological defects, and lysis associated with a ldtF mutant with impaired LPS transport, are alleviated by the loss of the predicted OM‐anchored lipoprotein ActS (formerly YgeR). We show that ActS is an inactive member of LytM‐type peptidoglycan endopeptidases due to a degenerated catalytic domain. ActS is capable of activating all three main periplasmic peptidoglycan amidases, AmiA, AmiB, and AmiC, which were previously reported to be activated only by EnvC and/or NlpD. Our data also suggest that in vivo ActS preferentially activates AmiC and that its function is linked to cell envelope stress.
The trefoil factor family 1 (TFF‐1) and 3 (TFF‐3) are upregulated in the saliva, gingival crevicular fluid and serum of periodontitis patients
Authors: Keles Yucel Zeynep Pinar , Afacan Beral , Atmaca İlhan Harika , Kose Timur , Emingil Gulnur 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the levels of trefoil factor family (TFF)‐1, TFF‐3 and interleukin (IL)‐1β in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva and serum of patients with gingivitis, stage 3 periodontitis and healthy individuals.Materials and MethodsA total of 100 individuals consisting of 25 periodontally healthy, 25 gingivitis and 50 stage 3 periodontitis, were enrolled in the study. Clinical periodontal examinations were recorded and GCF, saliva and serum samples were obtained. TFF‐1, TFF‐3 and IL‐1β were measured by ELISA.ResultsTFF‐1 and TFF‐3 levels in both GCF, saliva and serum were higher in periodontitis patients than healthy controls (p < .001) and gingivitis group (p < .01). The levels of these peptides in all biofluids were similar between gingivitis and healthy control groups (p > .05). GCF, saliva and serum IL‐1β levels were also higher in periodontitis patients than the controls (p < .01). Periodontitis patients had elevated GCF and saliva IL‐β levels than gingivitis group (p < .001).ConclusionElevated TFF‐1 and TFF‐3 levels both locally and systemically in periodontitis in parallel to increased IL‐1β levels might suggest that these peptides are involved in host response during the periodontal tissue destruction.
Effects of hyperoxia and cardiovascular risk factors on myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury: a randomized, sham‐controlled parallel study
Authors: Acheampong Angela , Mélot Christian , Benjelloun Mariam , Cheval Maxime , Reye Florence , Delporte Cédric , van Antwerpen Pierre , Franck Thierry , Mc Entee Kathleen , van de Borne Philippe 
Published: March 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
The beneficial effects of supplemental oxygen in patients with acute myocardial infarction are still uncertain: what are the effects of ischaemia–reperfusion injury during hyperoxia and normoxia in mature rats with and without cardiovascular risk factors?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Despite elevated baseline oxidative stress in rodents with cardiovascular risk factors, hyperoxic reperfusion limited myocardial necrosis and anti/pro‐oxidant imbalance in spontaneously hypertensive and Zucker rats. In contrast, this effect was exacerbated in healthy Wistar rats. These results suggest that oxygen supplementation may not be harmful in patients with acute myocardial injury.

AbstractRecent studies on O2 supplementation in acute coronary syndrome patients are equivocal. We tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress is increased in rodents with cardiovascular risk factors and enhances ischaemia–reperfusion injury in the presence of hyperoxia. A total of 43 Wistar rats (WR), 30 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and 33 obese Zucker rats (ZR) were randomized in a sham procedure (one‐third) or underwent a left anterior descending ligation of the coronary artery for 60 min (two‐thirds). This was followed by 3 h of reperfusion while animals were randomized either in a hyperoxic (HR) or a normoxic reperfusion (NR) group. Myocardial infarction size and oxidative stress biomarkers (myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde and total free thiols) were assessed in blood samples. Baseline troponin T was higher in SHR and ZR than in WR (both P < 0.001). Baseline total MPO was elevated in ZR in comparison to SHR and WR (both P < 0.001). SHR had lower thiol concentration compared to WR and ZR (P < 0.000001). HR was associated with a lower troponin T rise in SHR and ZR than in NR (both P < 0.001), while the reverse occurred in WR (P < 0.001). In SHR, HR limited total MPO increase as compared to NR (P = 0.0056) and the opposite effect was observed with total MPO in WR (P = 0.013). NR was associated with a drastic reduction of total thiols as compared to HR both in SHR and in ZR (both P < 0.001). Despite a heightened baseline oxidative stress level, HR limited myocardial necrosis and anti/pro‐oxidant imbalance in SHR and ZR whereas this effect was exacerbated in healthy WR.
User Interface Design for Feature Modelers and Feature Based Applications
Authors: Bliznakov Plamen I. , Rogers Mary T. , Khan Nadeem , Ali Ahsan , Shirur Arvind , Shah Jami J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The functionality needed to support feature-based operations in a uniform interface is described in this paper. These requirements are similar in nature to other CAD systems. Extensions include the support for multiple feature libraries; visualization of features prior to instancing; graphical picking of features; creation of feature libraries; support for applications such as feature based process planning. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of our own uniform user interface, built to accommodate an array of feature modelers and applications. Interfaces for new feature applications that are either developed in-house or available in an open-systems format can easily be added. The user interface management system design presented here can be used in the development of the next generation distributed design automation tools utilizing a client-server approach and concepts such as the World Wide Web.
Handling Protrusion Features With Virtual Pockets for Automated Process Planning
Authors: Lee Yuan-Shin , Daftari Dhaval 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper a two step approach for the transformation of design features to manufacturing features is presented. In the first stage of the proposed algorithm, a methodology for handling protrusion features by the decomposition of the surrounding volume into basic, negative, machinable volumes is discussed. In the second stage called the feature refinement stage, relevant manufacturing information is appended to the negative feature model resulting from the first stage. The proposed methodology can be used to support automated process planning. Practical examples and computer implementation in an object oriented feature based design system are also presented.
Model Development and Control Implementation for a Magnetic Levitation Apparatus
Authors: Guess Trent M. , Alciatore David G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This project takes a comprehensive look at model development for the classic magnetic levitation system and examines differences between the conventional mag-lev model and an actual system. Also examined are the effects that un-modeled dynamics can have on the stability of a simulated system. This project combines and expands upon modeling techniques presented in similar projects (Lawson and Gillies, 1989, Lin and Jou, 1993, Oguchi and Tomigashi, 1990, Wong, 1986), and presents a method for modeling the mag-lev system which combines conventional electromagnetic theory and data from the physical plant. The model is then tested by designing and simulating controllers with the model and then applying the controllers to the experimental apparatus.
A Concurrent Structure for a Model-Based Information Management System
Authors: Prasad Biren 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Tools for modeling the physics of complex engineering devices and for simulation of their behavior are widely available. But, despite advances in requisite hardware and software, their use in CE has not become widespread. On a critical level, the missing ingredient is the array of models that is required to adequately capture the variability of the problems and their environment. The role of classifying the various types of models which capture the CE phenomena is crucial in accomplishing CE benefits. Such classification leads to a common set of CE process templates. This paper discusses this classification and CE process templates.
A Unifying Version Model for Object-Oriented Engineering Database
Authors: Brazile Robert P. , Shin Dongil 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Versioning has been one of the important requirements for engineering design databases and is of increasing interest to database system designers. While there exist many object-oriented DBMS’s that support various versioning facilities, these systems consider the versioning problems as two separate domains: object versioning and schema versioning. In this paper, we consider both domains together and propose a unifying version model for both objects and schema. In particular, we present how we unify version controls for schema and objects, and describe issues in implementation.
Distinct Body Mass Index Trajectories to Young-Adulthood Obesity and Their Different Cardiometabolic Consequences
Authors: Norris Tom , Mansukoski Liina , Gilthorpe Mark S. , Hamer Mark , Hardy Rebecca , Howe Laura D. , Hughes Alun D. , Li Leah , O’Donnell Emma , Ong Ken K. , Ploubidis George B. , Silverwood Richard J. , Viner Russell M. , Johnson William 
Published: March 2021

Objective:
Different body mass index (BMI) trajectories that result in obesity may have diverse health consequences, yet this heterogeneity is poorly understood. We aimed to identify distinct classes of individuals who share similar BMI trajectories and examine associations with cardiometabolic health.

Approach and Results:

Using data on 3549 participants in ALSPAC (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children), a growth mixture model was developed to capture heterogeneity in BMI trajectories between 7.5 and 24.5 years. Differences between identified classes in height growth curves, body composition trajectories, early-life characteristics, and a panel of cardiometabolic health measures at 24.5 years were investigated. The best mixture model had 6 classes. There were 2 normal-weight classes: normal weight (nonlinear; 35% of sample) and normal weight (linear; 21%). Two classes resulted in young-adulthood overweight: normal weight increasing to overweight (18%) and normal weight or overweight (16%). Two classes resulted in young-adulthood obesity: normal weight increasing to obesity (6%) and overweight or obesity (4%). The normal-weight-increasing-to-overweight class had more unfavorable levels of trunk fat, blood pressure, insulin, HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, left ventricular mass, and E/e′ ratio compared with the always-normal-weight-or-overweight class, despite the average BMI trajectories for both classes converging at ≈26 kg/m
2
at 24.5 years. Similarly, the normal-weight-increasing-to-obesity class had a worse cardiometabolic profile than the always-overweight-or-obese class.

Conclusions:
Individuals with high and stable BMI across childhood may have lower cardiometabolic disease risk than individuals who do not become overweight or obese until late adolescence.
Epidemiological Surveillance of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stroke Care Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Nogueira Raul G. , Davies Jason M. , Gupta Rishi , Hassan Ameer E. , Devlin Thomas , Haussen Diogo C. , Mohammaden Mahmoud H. , Kellner Christopher P. , Arthur Adam , Elijovich Lucas , Owada Kumiko , Begun Dina , Narayan Mukund , Mordenfeld Nadia , Tekle Wondwossen G. , Nahab Fadi , Jovin Tudor G. , Frei Don , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Frankel Michael R. , Mocco J 
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose:
The degree to which the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected systems of care, in particular, those for time-sensitive conditions such as stroke, remains poorly quantified. We sought to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 in the overall screening for acute stroke utilizing a commercial clinical artificial intelligence platform.

Methods:
Data were derived from the Viz Platform, an artificial intelligence application designed to optimize the workflow of patients with acute stroke. Neuroimaging data on suspected patients with stroke across 97 hospitals in 20 US states were collected in real time and retrospectively analyzed with the number of patients undergoing imaging screening serving as a surrogate for the amount of stroke care. The main outcome measures were the number of computed tomography (CT) angiography, CT perfusion, large vessel occlusions (defined according to the automated software detection), and severe strokes on CT perfusion (defined as those with hypoperfusion volumes >70 mL) normalized as number of patients per day per hospital. Data from the prepandemic (November 4, 2019 to February 29, 2020) and pandemic (March 1 to May 10, 2020) periods were compared at national and state levels. Correlations were made between the inter-period changes in imaging screening, stroke hospitalizations, and thrombectomy procedures using state-specific sampling.

Results:

A total of 23 223 patients were included. The incidence of large vessel occlusion on CT angiography and severe strokes on CT perfusion were 11.2% (n=2602) and 14.7% (n=1229/8328), respectively. There were significant declines in the overall number of CT angiographies (−22.8%; 1.39–1.07 patients/day per hospital,
P
<0.001) and CT perfusion (−26.1%; 0.50–0.37 patients/day per hospital,
P
<0.001) as well as in the incidence of large vessel occlusion (−17.1%; 0.15–0.13 patients/day per hospital,
P
<0.001) and severe strokes on CT perfusion (−16.7%; 0.12–0.10 patients/day per hospital,
P
<0.005). The sampled cohort showed similar declines in the rates of large vessel occlusions versus thrombectomy (18.8% versus 19.5%,
P
=0.9) and comprehensive stroke center hospitalizations (18.8% versus 11.0%,
P
=0.4).

Conclusions:
A significant decline in stroke imaging screening has occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. This analysis underscores the broader application of artificial intelligence neuroimaging platforms for the real-time monitoring of stroke systems of care.