bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cisplatin and paclitaxel co-delivery nanosystem for ovarian cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Qiaoying , Wu Changqiang , Li Xiaoting , Yang Dixiao , Shi Liangjun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We have designed and developed an effective drug delivery system using biocompatible polymer of poly (ethylene glycol)-polyaspartic acid (mPEG-PAsp) for co-loading the chemotherapy drugs paclitaxel (PTX) and cisplatin (CP) in one nano-vehicle. This study aimed to improve the anti-cancer efficacy of combinations of chemotherapy drugs and reduce their side effects. mPEG-PAsp-(PTX/Pt) nano-micelles disperse well in aqueous solution and have a narrow size distribution (37.8 ± 3.2 nm) in dynamic light scattering (DLS). Drug release profiles found that CP released at pH 5.5 was significantly faster than that at pH 7.4. MPEG-PAsp-(PTX/Pt) nano-micelles displayed a significantly higher tumor inhibitory effect than mPEG-PAsp-PTX nano-micelles when the polymer concentrations reached 50 μg/mL. Our data indicated that polymer micelles of mPEG-PAsp loaded with the combined drug exert synergistic anti-tumor efficacy on SKOV3 ovarian cells via different action mechanisms. Results from our studies suggested that mPEG-PAsp-(PTX/Pt) nano-micelles are promising alternatives for carrying and improving the delivery of therapeutic drugs with different water solubilities.
OPTIMAL SELECTION OF BASE MATERIALS FOR ACCURATE DUAL-ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY: COMPARISON BETWEEN THE ALVAREZ–MACOVSKI METHOD AND DIRA
Authors: Magnusson Maria , Alm Carlsson Gudrun , Sandborg Michael , Carlsson Tedgren Åsa , Malusek Alexandr 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The choice of the material base to which the material decomposition is performed in dual-energy computed tomography may affect the quality of reconstructed images. The aim of this work is to investigate how the commonly used bases (water, bone), (water, iodine) and (photoelectric effect, Compton scattering) affect the reconstructed linear attenuation coefficient in the case of the Alvarez–Macovski method. The performance of this method is also compared with the performance of the Dual-energy Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm (DIRA). In both cases, the study is performed using simulations. The results show that the Alvarez–Macovski method produced artefacts when iodine was present in the phantom together with human tissues since this method can only work with one doublet. It was shown that these artefacts could be avoided with DIRA using the (water, bone) doublet for tissues and the (water, iodine) doublet for the iodine solution.
Wealth as One of the “Big Four” SES Dimensions in Intergenerational Transmissions
Authors: Hällsten Martin , Thaning Max 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Recent scholarship on mobility has increasingly incorporated wealth. We ask if wealth brings anything new to mobility research or is just a standard socioeconomic status (SES) dimension in disguise. We exploit Swedish administrative registers, which contain rich SES measures over individuals’ lives for both parents’ and children’s generations. Using sibling correlations to estimate a baseline of shared family background influence, we then perform a total decomposition for each SES dimension and their overlaps. We find that wealth is a distinct dimension of SES that is very different from education, occupation, and income. Parental wealth cannot be substituted for other SES dimensions in understanding child’s wealth attainment. Moreover, parental wealth substantially moderates intergenerational reproduction in other dimensions: The wealthiest have higher reproduction rates in all child outcomes, but in particular for children’s income and wealth. Excluding wealth leads to underestimating intergenerational inequality, aggravated by its qualitatively unique status as an SES resource. We conclude that—alongside the SES resources education, occupation, and income—wealth emerges as an integral and unique dimension of what we choose to call the “big four” of social stratification.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD)-Inducible Poly-ADP-Ribose Polymerase (TIPARP/PARP7) Catalytic Mutant Mice (TiparpH532A) Exhibit Increased Sensitivity to TCDD-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Lethality
Authors: Hutin David , Long Alexandra S , Sugamori Kim , Shao Peng , Singh Sachin Kumar , Rasmussen Marit , Olafsen Ninni Elise , Pettersen Solveig , Grimaldi Giulia , Grant Denis M , Matthews Jason 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-inducible poly-adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose polymerase (TIPARP/PARP7), an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) target gene and mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase, acts as part of a negative feedback loop to repress AHR signaling. This process is prevented by a single H532A mutation in TIPARP that destroys its catalytic activity. We hypothesized that the loss of TIPARP catalytic activity would increase sensitivity to TCDD-induced toxicity in vivo. To test this, we created a catalytically deficient mouse line (TiparpH532A) by introducing a single H532A mutation in TIPARP. Treatment of mouse embryonic fibroblasts or hepatocytes isolated from TiparpH532A mice confirmed the increased TCDD-induced expression of the AHR target genes Cyp1a1, Cyp1b1, and Tiparp. TiparpH532A mice given a single injection of 10 µg/kg TCDD, a nonlethal dose in Tiparp+/+ mice, did not survive beyond day 10. All Tiparp+/+ mice survived the 30-day treatment. TCDD-treated TiparpH532A mice displayed increased expression of AHR target genes, increased steatohepatitis and hepatotoxicity. Hepatic RNA-sequencing revealed 7-fold more differentially expressed genes in TiparpH532A mice than in Tiparp+/+ mice (4542 vs 647 genes) 6 days after TCDD treatment. Differentially expressed genes included genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism, lipid homeostasis and inflammation. Taken together, these data further support TIPARP as a critical negative regulator of AHR activity and show that loss of its catalytic activity is sufficient to increase sensitivity to TCDD-induced steatohepatitis and lethality. Since TIPARP inhibition has recently emerged as a potential anticancer therapy, the impact on AHR signaling, TCDD and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon toxicity will need to be carefully considered under conditions of therapeutic TIPARP inhibition.
The effect of anticoagulants in blood collection tubes on Plasmodium falciparum transmission in direct membrane feeding assays
Authors: Graumans Wouter , Lanke Kjerstin , van Gemert Geert-Jan , Alkema Manon , van de Vegte-Bolmer Marga , Bousema Teun , Collins Katharine A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Direct membrane feeding assays assess the transmission potential of malaria-infected individuals using whole blood collected in anticoagulant vacutainers.

Methods
The potential inhibitory effect of four commonly used anticoagulants on gametocyte infectivity to mosquitoes was assessed in standard membrane feeding assays with cultured Plasmodium falciparum.

Results
Infection burden in mosquitoes was significantly reduced when blood was collected in sodium citrate and EDTA. Transmission was highest when blood was collected in lithium heparin and sodium heparin, although a concentration-dependent inhibition of mosquito infection was also observed.

Conclusions
Although anticoagulants can reduce transmission efficiency, lithium heparin and sodium heparin are the best anticoagulants for evaluating malaria transmission.
Tacit choice of law in international commercial contracts: an analysis of Asian jurisdictions and the Asian Principles of Private International Law
Authors: Bouwers Garth J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article analyses the determination of a tacit choice of law in international commercial contracts in China (including Hong Kong), Japan, Singapore, and South Korea (the Republic of Korea). The article also examines the proposed Asian Principles of Private International Law (APPIL). The APPIL is intended as a model for Asian jurisdictions to interpret or supplement their private international law rules. Legislators in these jurisdictions may also use it to enact their own statutes on private international law. In the globalized era, the need for certainty regarding the rules and principles of choice of law is of the utmost importance in international commercial contracts. The APPIL may prove particularly useful in bringing more clarity to the issues related to the determination of a tacit choice of law in the region.
A Review of COVID-19 Chilblains-like Lesions and Their Differential Diagnoses
Authors: Sachdeva Muskaan , Mufti Asfandyar , Maliyar Khalad , Lara-Corrales Irene , Salcido Richard , Sibbald Cathryn 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
This review article focuses on the pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnostic testing of the common pathologies that can manifest as chilblains-like lesions. These differentials include “COVID toes,” Raynaud phenomenon, acrocyanosis, critical limb ischemia, thromboangiitis obliterans, chilblains associated with lupus erythematosus, and idiopathic chilblains. The authors present a helpful mnemonic, ARCTIC, to assist clinicians in recognition and diagnosis.

GENERAL PURPOSE
To familiarize wound care practitioners with the differential diagnoses of chilblains-like lesions that could be associated with the complications of COVID-19.

TARGET AUDIENCE
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES
After participating in this educational activity, the participant will:
1. Identify the population most often affected by COVID toes.
2. Select the assessments that help differentiate the various conditions that cause chilblains-like lesions.
3. Choose appropriate treatment options for the various conditions that cause chilblains-like lesions.
Reconstructing Severe Lower Extremity Skin Necrosis in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Sarrami Shayan M. , Ferry Andrew M. , Buchanan Edward P. , Gerow Frank T. , Koshy John C. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Purpura fulminans can result in significant full-thickness wounds, posing a challenge in the pediatric population, given the paucity of donor sites for reconstruction. The authors present the case of an 11-month-old patient for whom a split-thickness skin allograft (TheraSkin) was successfully implemented as a temporizing measure for a large leg wound.
The State of Machine Learning in Spine Surgery
Authors: DelSole Edward M. , Keck Wyatt L. , Patel Aalpen A. 
Published: June 2021

Study Design:
This was a systematic review of existing literature.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the current state-of-the-art trends and utilization of machine learning in the field of spine surgery.

Summary of Background Data:
The past decade has seen a rise in the clinical use of machine learning in many fields including diagnostic radiology and oncology. While studies have been performed that specifically pertain to spinal surgery, there have been relatively few aggregate reviews of the existing scientific literature as applied to clinical spine surgery.

Methods:
This study utilized Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology to review the scientific literature from 2009 to 2019 with syntax specific for machine learning and spine surgery applications. Specific data was extracted from the available literature including algorithm application, algorithms tested, database type and size, algorithm training method, and outcome of interest.

Results:
A total of 44 studies met inclusion criteria, of which the majority were level III evidence. Studies were grouped into 4 general types: diagnostic tools, clinical outcome prediction, surgical assessment tools, and decision support tools. Across studies, a wide swath of algorithms were used, which were trained across multiple disparate databases. There were no studies identified that assessed the ethical implementation or patient perceptions of machine learning in clinical care.

Conclusions:
The results reveal the broad range of clinical applications and methods used to create machine learning algorithms for use in the field of spine surgery. Notable disparities exist in algorithm choice, database characteristics, and training methods. Ongoing research is needed to make machine learning operational on a large scale.
Frailty Severity Impacts Development of Hospital-acquired Conditions in Patients Undergoing Corrective Surgery for Adult Spinal Deformity
Authors: Pierce Katherine E. , Kapadia Bhaveen H. , Bortz Cole , Alas Haddy , Brown Avery E. , Diebo Bassel G. , Raman Tina , Jain Deeptee , Lebovic Jordan , Passias Peter G. 
Published: June 2021

Study Design:
This was a retrospective cohort study of a national dataset.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to consider the influence of frailty on the development of hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) in adult spinal deformity (ASD).

Summary of Background Data:
HACs frequently include reasonably preventable complications. Eleven events are identified as HACs by the Affordable Care Act. In the surgical ASD population, factors leading to HACs are important to identify to optimize health care.

Methods:
Patients 18 years and older undergoing corrective surgery for ASD identified in the American College of Surgeons’ National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP). The relationship between HACs and frailty as defined by the NSQIP modified 5-factor frailty index (mFI-5) were assessed using χ2 and independent sample t tests. The mFI-5 is assessed on a scale 0–1 [not frail (NF): <0.3, mildly frail (MF): 0.3–0.5, and severely frail (SF): > 0.5]. Binary logistic regression measured the relationship between frailty throughout HACs.

Results:
A total of 9143 ASD patients (59.1 y, 56% female, 29.3 kg/m2) were identified. Overall, 37.6% of procedures involved decompression and 100% fusion. Overall, 6.5% developed at least 1 HAC, the most common was urinary tract infection (2.62%), followed by venous thromboembolism (2.10%) and surgical site infection (1.88%). According to categorical mFI-5 frailty, 82.1% of patients were NF, 16% MF, and 1.9% SF. Invasiveness increased with mFI-5 severity groups but was not significant (NF: 3.98, MF: 4.14, SF: 4.45, P>0.05). Regression analysis of established factors including sex [odds ratio (OR): 1.22; 1.02–146; P=0.030], diabetes mellitus (OR: 0.70; 0.52–0.95; P=0.020), total operative time (OR: 1.01; 1.00–1.01; P<0.001), body mass index (OR: 1.02; 1.01–1.03; P=0.008), and frailty (OR: 8.44; 4.13–17.26; P<0.001), as significant predictors of HACs. Overall, increased categorical frailty severity individually predicted increased total length of stay (OR: 1.023; 1.015–1.030; P<0.001) and number of complications (OR: 1.201; 1.047–1.379; P=0.009).

Conclusions:
For patients undergoing correction surgery for ASD, the incidence of HACs increased with worsening frailty score. Such findings suggest the importance of medical optimization before surgery for ASD.
A single-center pilot study comparing dexmedetomidine continuous infusion versus propofol TCI for drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE)
Authors: Alicino Ilaria , Corso Ruggero , Barbara Michele , Dibenedetto Valentina I. , Barbara Francesco , De Benedetto Michele , Fossati Nicoletta , Cattano Davide 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) has become a routine diagnostic tool to assess the upper airway in obstructive sleep apnea patients, enabling effective diagnosis and appropriate treatment of the obstruction site. A number of protocols with different drugs and availability of target-controlled infusion (TCI) systems have been reported and published, making comparisons between studies difficult. In recent years, dexmedetomidine has claimed a role as a potential alternative to propofol for DISE sedation. In a real-life study we compared the effects of dexmedetomidine continuous infusion or propofol-TCI in patients undergoing DISE on time to reach adequate observation conditions, cardio-respiratory parameters, and recovery.

Methods:
Pilot prospective, randomized not blinded, single center study. A total of 28 patients scheduled to have DISE were randomly assigned to either group P (N=14; propofol-TCI, initial propofol effect-site target concentration 2.0 µg/mL, increased by 0.3 µg/mL every 2 min) or group D (N=14; dexmedetomidine bolus 1 µg/kg over 10 min, followed by infusion at 0.7 µg/kg/h). Hemodynamic and respiratory variables (including SpO2 nadir), time to reach the observation window and overall DISE duration were recorded.

Results:
A total of 28 patients were enrolled and completed the study: the cohort included 26 males (92.85%) and 2 females (7.14%). The mean age was 45.4±11.1 years [interquartile (IQ), 25.0–65.0], body mass index 30.5±3.4 kg/m2 (IQ, 21.0–36.0), and apnea-hypopnea index 36.9±21.1 events/hour (IQ, 7.8–95.0). There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups in baseline apnea-hypopnea index, oxygen desaturation index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale score, preprocedural SpO2 nadir, age, sex, or body mass index. Compared with group P, group D showed significant differences in SpO2 (higher nadir during DISE, 87.09±5.4% vs. 75.0±11.0; P<0.001) and heart rate (80.4±8.9 vs. 62.8±6.6; P<0.001). While group D had longer duration of endoscopic examination times and emergence time from sedation, the grading of site of obstructions were similar in the 2 groups.

Conclusions:
Dexmedetomidine seems a limited, if viable, clinical alternative for DISE when propofol is contraindicated or not available: while causing higher SpO2 nadirs compared with propofol, it has a slow onset and longer recovery time, increasing total procedural time. Studies with greater patient numbers are needed to confirm these observations.
Perioperative factors associated with persistent postsurgical pain after hysterectomy, cesarean section, prostatectomy, and donor nephrectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sharma Lokesh R. , Schaldemose Ellen Lund , Alaverdyan Harutyun , Nikolajsen Lone , Chen Dili , Bhanvadia Shivam , Komen Helga , Yaeger Lauren , Haroutounian Simon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP) is a common and often disabling postoperative morbidity, but many questions remain about factors associated with PPSP. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors associated with PPSP after gynecological surgeries, namely, hysterectomy and cesarean section, and urological surgeries, namely, prostatectomy and donor nephrectomy. Overall, 18 gynecological surgery studies, 4 prostatectomy studies, and 2 donor nephrectomy studies met the review criteria, providing data that could be meta-analyzed. The average (±SD) PPSP occurrence after gynecological surgery was 20 ± 11%; factors associated with increased risk of PPSP included smoking, preoperative abdominal or pelvic pain, preoperative pain elsewhere in the body, longer duration of surgery, more intense acute postoperative pain, and surgical wound infection. The use of neuraxial anesthesia was associated with decreased PPSP risk. The average PPSP occurrence was 20 ± 9% after prostatectomy and 15 ± 2% after donor nephrectomy. For urological procedures, the existing data did not allow for identification of significant factors associated with PPSP, except for laparoscopic and hand-assisted laparoscopic approaches that were associated with lower incidence of PPSP for donor nephrectomy, and the use of neuraxial anesthesia which was associated with lower incidence of PPSP after prostatectomy. Persistent postsurgical pain after gynecological and urological surgeries is common. This systematic review identified important factors associated with cesarean section and hysterectomy that can help identify women who are at high risk of PPSP. More high-quality studies with consistent methodology are needed to understand the factors associated with PPSP risk, particularly for surgeries such as prostatectomy and nephrectomy.
Pressure Injuries Related to the Use of Compression Stockings in Pediatric Surgical Patients
Authors: Garcia Mayra G. , Cochrum Bailey , Dutton Hayden , Nguyen Xuan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mechanical compression devices such as compression stockings assist in the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism for nonambulatory postoperative patients. Risk factors in pediatric surgical patients increase their likelihood of developing a venous thromboembolism. This article describes an adolescent patient who developed pressure injuries from prolonged compression stocking use. Although other pressure injury prevention techniques were completed by nursing, the lack of knowledge regarding the risk of pressure injuries from compression stockings resulted in a poor outcome. As a result of this event, practice changes were implemented on the pediatric surgical unit to prevent reoccurrence. The practice changes included removal of compression stockings once per shift to assess extremities, daily replacement of new stockings, and utilization of sequential compression devices as the preferred mechanical compression method. Further research is needed for compression stocking use in the pediatric and adolescent population to provide best practice implications for nursing.
Psychological Resilience, Metacognitions, and Fear of Recurrence Among Cancer Survivors and Family Caregivers
Authors: Ağaç Mehtap , Üzar-Özçetin Yeter Sinem 
Published: June 2021

Background
Cancer is a life crisis that can have devastating consequences not only on the affected individual but also on his/her caregivers.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of psychological resilience and metacognitions of cancer survivors and their family caregivers (FCs) on fear of recurrence (FoR).

Methods
This study used a cross-sectional design while adhering to the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) guidelines. Data were collected from 112 cancer survivors and 112 FCs recruited from 5 oncology hospitals.

Results
The cancer survivors and caregivers reported low levels of psychological resilience, which we found to be correlated with great fear of recurrence in cancer survivors and FCs. It was also in relation with metacognitions in cancer survivors and FCs.
The findings showed that psychological resilience negatively predicted the fear of recurrence, whereas the metacognitions positively predicted the fear of recurrence in cancer survivors and FCs. The total effects of psychological resilience on the FoR in cancer survivors and FCs were 0.920 (confidence interval [CI], −2.059 to 0.072) and 0.061 (CI, −0.475 to 0.474), respectively. The total effects of metacognition on the FoR in cancer survivors and FCs were 1.164 (CI, 0.217-2.371) and 0.486 (CI, 0.016-1.058), respectively.

Conclusions
The findings underline the direct and indirect mediating role of psychological resilience and metacognition of cancer survivors and FCs on FoR.

Implication for Practice
The findings are particularly important to oncology nurses, who as 24-hour care providers are important sources of psychosocial care. Their awareness of factors influencing FoR is critical for achieving positive outcomes.