bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Response of Nitrogen Speciation to Hydrology in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed Using a Multilevel Modeling Approach
Authors: Bertani Isabella , Bhatt Gopal , Shenk Gary W. , Linker Lewis C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExcessive nitrogen (N) inputs to coastal waters can lead to severe eutrophication and different chemical forms of N exhibit varying levels of effectiveness in fueling primary production. Efforts to mitigate N fluxes from coastal watersheds are often guided by models that predict changes in N loads as a function of changes in land use, management practices, and climate. However, relatively little is known on the impacts of such changes on the relative fractions of different N forms. We leveraged a long‐term dataset of N loads from over 100 river stations to investigate how the fraction, that is, the ratio of to total N (/TN), changes as a function of spatio‐temporal changes in TN loads in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. We built a hierarchical model that separates the response of to changes in TN load occurring at different scales: Across river stations, where differences in TN loads are largely driven by spatial differences in anthropogenic inputs, and within stations, where inter‐annual variability in hydrology is a key driver of changes in TN loads. Results suggest that while increases in TN loads resulting from changes in anthropogenic inputs lead to an increase in the fraction, a decrease in the fraction may occur when increases in TN loads are driven by increased streamflow. These results are especially relevant in watersheds that may experience changes in N loads due to both management decisions and climate‐driven changes in hydrology.
Mathematical prediction model of computed tomography signs is superior to intraoperative frozen section in the diagnosis of ground‐glass nodular invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors: Tang Jizheng , Cui Yong , Li Bowen , Xue Xingxing , Tian Feng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundAt present, lobectomy is still the standard treatment for lung cancer. Judging whether a lesion is invasive adenocarcinoma (IA) has important guiding significance for determining the scope of surgical resection. The commonly used methods are intraoperative frozen sections and computed tomography (CT) signs. There is still controversy about the accuracy of both in judging the invasiveness of ground‐glass nodules (GGNs).MethodsThe clinical data of patients with GGNs who underwent surgery were collected. According to the results of univariate analysis, the variables with statistical differences were selected and included in logistic regression multivariate analysis. The predictive variables were determined and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn in order to achieve the area under the curve (AUC) value.ResultsAccording to the results of logistic regression analysis, the longest diameter and maximum CT value of nodules were independent risk factors for IA. The mathematical prediction model of CT signs was determined, and the ROC curves of CT signs and intraoperative frozen sections (FS) were drawn, respectively. The AUC values under the curves were calculated to be 0.873 and 0.807, respectively. The mathematical prediction model of intraoperative frozen section combined with CT signs was established. A ROC curve was drawn and the AUC was calculated to be 0.925.ConclusionsThe diagnostic accuracy of CT signs in judging whether nonbenign GGNs were IA was higher than that of intraoperative FS. Combined with CT signs and intraoperative FS to establish a mathematical prediction model, the diagnostic accuracy of judging whether nonbenign GGNs are IA is significantly improved.
Characterising menotactic behaviours in movement data using hidden Markov models
Authors: Togunov Ron R. , Derocher Andrew E. , Lunn Nicholas J. , Auger‐Méthé Marie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Movement is the primary means by which animals obtain resources and avoid hazards. Most movement exhibits directional bias that is related to environmental features (defined as taxis when biased orientation is voluntary), such as the location of food patches, predators, ocean currents or wind. Numerous behaviours with directional bias can be characterised by maintaining orientation at an angle relative to the environmental stimuli (menotaxis), including navigation relative to sunlight or magnetic fields and energy‐conserving flight across wind. However, new methods are needed to flexibly classify and characterise such directional bias.

We propose a biased correlated random walk model that can identify menotactic behaviours by predicting turning angle as a trade‐off between directional persistence and directional bias relative to environmental stimuli without making a priori assumptions about the angle of bias. We apply the model within the framework of a multi‐state hidden Markov model (HMM) and describe methods to remedy information loss associated with coarse environmental data to improve the classification and parameterisation of directional bias.

Using simulation studies, we illustrate how our method more accurately classifies behavioural states compared to conventional correlated random walk HMMs that do not incorporate directional bias. We illustrate the application of these methods by identifying cross wind olfactory foraging and drifting behaviour mediated by wind‐driven sea ice drift in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from movement data collected by satellite telemetry.

The extensions we propose can be readily applied to movement data to identify and characterise behaviours with directional bias towards any angle, and open up new avenues to investigate more mechanistic relationships between animal movement and the environment.
Effectiveness of a care transitions intervention for older adults discharged home from the emergency department: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jacobsohn Gwen C. , Jones Courtney M. C. , Green Rebecca K. , Cochran Amy L. , Caprio Thomas V. , Cushman Jeremy T. , Kind Amy J. H. , Lohmeier Michael , Mi Ranran , Shah Manish N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundImproving care transitions following emergency department (ED) visits may reduce post‐ED adverse events among older adults (e.g., ED revisits, decreased function). The Care Transitions Intervention (CTI) improves hospital‐to‐home transitions; however, its effectiveness at improving post‐ED outcomes is unknown. We tested the effectiveness of the CTI with community‐dwelling older adult ED patients, hypothesizing that it would reduce revisits and increase performance of self‐management behaviors during the 30 days following discharge.MethodsWe conducted a randomized controlled trial among patients age ≥ 60 discharged home from one of three EDs in two states. Intervention participants received a minimally modified CTI, with a home visit 24 to 72 h postdischarge and one to three phone calls over 28 days. We collected demographic, health status, and psychosocial data at the initial ED visit. Medication adherence and knowledge of red flag symptoms were assessed via phone survey. Care use and comorbidities were abstracted from medical records. We performed multivariate regressions for intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol (PP) analyses.ResultsParticipant characteristics (N = 1,756) were similar across groups: mean age 72.4 ± 8.6 years and 53% female. Of those randomized to the intervention, 84% completed the home visit. Overall, 12.4% of participants returned to the ED within 30 days. The CTI did not significantly affect odds of 30‐day ED revisits (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.72 to 1.30) or medication adherence (AOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.60 to 1.32). Participants receiving the CTI (PP) had increased odds of in‐person follow‐up with outpatient clinicians during the week following discharge (AOR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.01 to 1.51) and recalling at least one red flag from ED discharge instructions (AOR = 1.34 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.71).ConclusionsThe CTI did not reduce 30‐day ED revisits but did significantly increase key care transition behaviors (outpatient follow‐up, red flag knowledge). Additional research is needed to explore if patients with different conditions benefit more from the CTI and whether decreasing ED revisits is the most appropriate outcome for all older adults.
Multispecies biofilm removal by XP‐endo Finisher and passive ultrasonic irrigation: A scanning electron microscopy study
Authors: Teves Abel , Blanco Daniel , Casaretto Mario , Torres John , Alvarado Débora E. , Coaguila‐Llerena Hernán , Faria Gisele , Jaramillo David E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim was to assess the effect of XP‐endo Finisher (XPF) on multispecies biofilm removal, in comparison with passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fifty mandibular first premolars were instrumented, longitudinally sectioned. The split halves were incubated for 4 days with a broth obtained from three bacteria strains: Enterococcus faecalis, Eikenella corrodens and Streptococcus anginosus. Subsequently, the re‐approximated split halves were irrigated with 4% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) or water using CSI, and the final irrigation protocols were CSI with 4% NaOCl (CSI+4%NaOCl), PUI+4%NaOCl, XPF+4%NaOCl and CSI+water. The analysis of biofilm removal was performed using SEM images. There were no differences between PUI and XPF (P > 0.05), and both groups promoted higher biofilm removal than CSI+4%NaOCl and CSI+water groups (P < 0.05). It can be concluded the multispecies biofilm removal was significantly improved using XPF and PUI when compared to CSI.
Pesticide use, health impairments and economic losses under rational farmers behavior
Authors: Chatzimichael Konstantinos , Genius Margarita , Tzouvelekas Vangelis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper develops a novel methodology for measuring the economic losses resulting from the negative health impacts of pesticides while taking into account their role as a damage control agent. To this effect a production model is presented that takes into account both the effect of the health impairment caused by pesticides on labor units and the pest control and crop enhancing properties of pesticides. The supply responses and optimal cost adjustments made by rational farmers in the absence of health effects are examined, which facilitates the proper measurement of the private economic losses associated with the health effects of pesticides. The biases in previous pest‐damage measures that ignore the presence of health effects are also examined. The model is empirically applied to a unique panel dataset of organic and conventional Greek greenhouse vegetable producers where the use of health‐hazardous pesticides is particularly prominent. Moreover, the estimation of health impairment indices takes into account the observational nature of the data collected, applying recently developed treatment effects methods. The results show that farmers suffer considerable quasi‐rent losses due to the negative effect of pesticides on health.
Differences in ultrasonographic features between males and females with breast cancer of the luminal A and luminal B molecular subtypes
Authors: Li Bo , Zhao Xin , Zhang Lei , Cheng Wen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo analyze the relationships between the ultrasonographic features and the molecular subtypes of breast cancer in men and women.MethodsData were collected from 43 males and 80 females with breast cancer who were treated at our hospital. The following ultrasonographic characteristics of the tumors were evaluated: shape, orientation, margin, echo pattern, posterior features, calcifications, Color Doppler Flow Imaging, and Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI‐RADS) category.ResultsOn ultrasound, a nonparallel orientation, noncircumscribed margin, and attenuating posterior features were associated with luminal A lesions. A parallel orientation (P = 0.002), circumscribed margin (P = 0.04), no change in posterior features (P < 0.001), and the BI‐RADS 4 category (P = 0.001) were significantly associated with luminal B lesions. In the group with luminal A lesions, male patients were older (P = 0.001) and a greater number of the tumors exhibited a regular shape (P = 0.009), circumscribed margin (P < 0.001), no change in posterior features (P < 0.001), and the BI‐RADS 4 category (P < 0.001) than those in female patients. Male patients were older (P < 0.001) and a greater number showed a no change in posterior features (P < 0.001), spotty blood flow (P = 0.002), and the BI‐RADS 4 category (P < 0.001) than female patients with masses of the luminal B subtype.ConclusionObvious differences in the ultrasonographic and pathological features were noted between breast cancer in males and females, which provided the theoretical basis for the individualized treatment of breast cancer, particularly breast cancer in males.
Treatment outcomes of patients with involved resection margin after rectal cancer surgery: A nationwide population‐based cohort study in South Korea
Authors: Bong Jun Woo , Lee Jung Ae , Ju Yeonuk , Seo Jihyun , Kang Sang Hee , Lee Sun Il , Min Byung Wook 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe involvement of resection margins after rectal cancer surgery by malignant tumors is a negative prognostic factor. Therefore, it is important to analyze treatment outcomes and establish adjuvant therapy.MethodsThe Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service collects data from medical institutions in South Korea. We reviewed the database of this prospectively collected cohort for patients who underwent curative resection for rectal cancer.ResultsOf the 5,620 patients, 113 (2.0%) were diagnosed with resection margin involvement after surgery. The resection margins of patients with mid‐rectal cancer, pathologic stage III, mucinous/signet ring cell carcinoma, and undergoing emergency surgery were more frequently involved. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was a significant preventive factor for resection margin involvement (odds ratio = 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32–0.87; p = 0.012). The OS of patients with adjuvant treatment was better than that of patients without adjuvant treatment (5‐year overall survival [OS]: 62.8% vs. 46.3%, p = 0.02). The administration of chemoradiotherapy was also significantly associated with better OS (hazard ratio = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.17–0.77; p = 0.009).ConclusionEfforts to acquire wider resection margins are necessary for patients with mid‐rectal cancer, pathologic stage III, mucinous/signet ring cell carcinoma, and emergency surgery. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was a significant preventive factor for involved resection margin. Patients with resection margin involvement showed better OS after adjuvant treatment than those without adjuvant treatment. The adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was helpful to prevent the worse prognosis of these patients.
The association between ECG criteria and Echo criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy in a general Chinese population
Authors: Lv Tingting , Yuan Yifang , Yang Jing , Wang Guijin , Kong Lingyun , Li Huijuan , Li Xingjie , Sun Yingxian , Li Xuewen , Zhang Zheng , Cheng Xiaoshu , Wu Lirong , Tan Xuerui , Han Bing , Li Hua , Zhang Zhaoguo , Wang Jiayu , Wu Yangfeng , Wang Yanfang , Guo Jihong , Zhang Ping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSeveral ECG criteria have been widely used for diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in clinical practice. However, their performance in a general Chinese population is limited.Methods and resultsA multi‐stage, stratified cluster sampling across China was performed and 7415 representative Chinese adults aged 18–85 years were analyzed. ECG was collected by using GE MAC 5500 machine. The association between five ECG‐LVH criteria (i.e., Peguero–Lo Presti, Cornell, Cornell product, Sokolow–Lyon and Sokolow–Lyon product) and echocardiographic LVH (Echo‐LVH) was assessed by Pearson's correlation, diagnostic statistics like predictive values, and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. We found that the prevalence of the Echo‐LVH was 11% while ECG‐LVH ranged from 3% to 27%. All ECG‐LVH criteria had high negative predictive value (NPV) (89%) and specificity (73–96%) but low positive predictive value (PPV) (12–24%) and sensitivity (4–29%). The newly Peguero–Lo Presti criteria had higher sensitivity (29%) but lower specificity (73%) and accuracy (68%) compared with other criteria. Cornell product had the best diagnostic performance (AUC: 0.59), as well as the highest specificity (96%) and accuracy (86%) but lowest sensitivity (4%). Among single‐lead components of ECG criteria, RaVL voltage and QRS duration performed relatively better than others. Hypertensive and older individuals had higher sensitivity but lower specificity and accuracy than their counterparts.ConclusionECG‐LVH criteria had high NPV to detect Echo‐LVH. Though with higher sensitivity, Peguero–Lo Presti criteria did not have better diagnostic performance to detect Echo‐LVH. RaVL and QRS duration had stronger association with Echo‐LVH among all single‐lead components.
Risk factors for surgical site infection following cesarean delivery: A hospital‐based case–control study
Authors: Kvalvik Sedina Atic , Rasmussen Svein , Thornhill Heidi Frances , Baghestan Elham 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionCesarean section is the single most important risk factor for postpartum infection. Where the rest of the world shows increasing trends, the cesarean section rates are low in Norway and risk factors for infection after cesarean section may differ in high and low cesarean section settings. The goal of this study was to examine independent risk factors for surgical site infection after cesarean delivery in a setting of low cesarean section rates.Material and methodsWe conducted a hospital‐based case‐control study at Haukeland University Hospital. We included women who presented to our hospital with surgical site infection after cesarean section during the years 2014–2016 (n = 75). Controls were selected at a ratio of 2:1 (n = 148). Cases and controls were compared with respect to maternal and pregnancy characteristics using uni‐ and multivariable logistic regression models. Main outcome measures were anticipated risk factors for surgical site infection.ResultsThe occurrence of surgical site infection was 0.4% and 5.4% after elective and emergency cesarean section, respectively. Compared to women without surgical site infection, women with surgical site infection were almost thrice more obese before pregnancy (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.2–7.0), four times more likely to have preexisting psychiatric conditions (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.1–17.6), and five times more likely to receive blood transfusion (OR 5.1, 95% CI 1.4–18.8). Signs of infection during labor was a marginally significant risk factor for surgical site infection (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0–5.4).ConclusionsEmergency cesarean section was a significant risk factor for surgical site infection. Pregestational obesity, preexisting psychiatric conditions, and blood transfusion during or following delivery, were independent risk factors for surgical site infection. Signs of infection during labor was a marginally significant risk factor. Women with either of these risk factors should be carefully monitored and evaluated for signs of infection in the postpartum period.
Optimizing porcine donor kidney preservation with normothermic or hypothermic machine perfusion: A systematic review
Authors: Bouari Sarah , Eryigit Özgür , de Bruin Ron W. F. , IJzermans Jan N. M. , Minnee Robert C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present an updated overview of the literature comparing normothermic with hypothermic machine perfusion in porcine kidneys. We conducted a systematic literature review in Embase, Medline Epub (Ovid), Cochrane Central, Web of Science, and Google Scholar on studies comparing normothermic (NMP) to hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) in porcine kidneys. A meta‐analysis was judged inappropriate because of heterogeneity in study design and perfusion methods. The quality of evidence of each included study was assessed. We included 8 studies. One out of 5 studies reported a significant difference in peak renal blood flow in favor of NMP. Oxygen consumption was significantly higher in NMP kidneys in 2 out of 5 studies. Peak creatinine clearance in NMP was significantly higher than that in HMP in 1 out of 6 studies. Two out of 4 studies reported a higher degree of epithelial vacuolation in kidneys receiving NMP over HMP. None of the studies found a significant difference between NMP and HMP in peak serum creatinine or graft survival after autotransplantation. The results need to be interpreted with caution in view of the diversity in perfusion protocols, the low quality of evidence, and the limited sample sizes.
Bone tissue engineering potentials of 3D printed magnesium‐hydroxyapatite in polylactic acid composite scaffolds
Authors: Anita Lett Jayasingh , Sagadevan Suresh , Léonard Estelle , Fatimah Is , Motalib Hossain M. A. , Mohammad Faruq , Al‐Lohedan Hamad A. , Paiman Suriati , Alshahateet Solhe F. , Abd Razak Saiful Izwan , Johan Mohd Rafie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe primary role of bone tissue engineering is to reconcile the damaged bones and facilitate the speedy recovery of the injured bones. However, some of the investigated metallic implants suffer from stress‐shielding, palpability, biocompatibility, etc. Consequently, the biodegradable scaffolds fabricated from polymers have gathered much attention from researchers and thus helped the tissue engineering sector by providing many alternative materials whose functionality is similar to that of natural bones. Herein, we present the fabrication and testing of a novel composite, magnesium (Mg)‐doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) glazed onto polylactic acid (PLA) scaffolds where polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) used as a binder. For the composite formation, Creality Ender‐3 pro High Precision 3D Printer with Shape tool 3D Technology on an FSD machine operated by Catia design software was employed. The composite has been characterized for the crystallinity (XRD), surface functionality (FTIR), morphology (FESEM), biocompatibility (hemolytic and protein absorption), and mechanical properties (stress‐strain and maximum compressive strength). The powder XRD analysis confirmed the semicrystalline nature and intact structure of HAp even after doping with Mg, while FTIR studies for the successful formation of Mg‐HAp/PVA@PLA composite. The FESEM provided analysis indicated for the 3D porous architecture and well‐defined morphology to efficiently transport the nutrients, and the biocompatibility studies are supporting that the composite for blood compatible with the surface being suitable enough for the protein absorption. Finally, the composite's antibacterial activity (against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) and the test of mechanical properties supported for the enhanced inhibition of active growth of microorganisms and maximum compressive strength, respectively. Based on the research outcomes of biocompatibility, antibacterial activity, and mechanical resistance, the fabricated Mg‐HAp/PVA@PLA composite suits well as a promising biomaterial platform for orthopedic applications by functioning towards the open reduction internal fixation of bone fractures and internal repairs.