bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Caves under Complicated Engineering Geological Conditions using High-density Resistivity Method
Authors: Men Yekai , Wang Ende , Fu Jianfei , Guo Kai , You Xinwei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
It is a difficult problem to accurately survey underground caves in the regions characterized by complicated engineering geological and sophisticated geophysical conditions. The cave of Yuanjiacun iron mine features various sedimentary facies and is the focus area for this study. A high-density resistivity method is used to study the accurate survey methods of the cave under complicated engineering geological conditions. The resistivity of the iron ore in the major sedimentary facies is measured using the outcrop method. The results indicate significant resistivity differences among different sedimentary facies. The oxide facies has a high resistivity, and the silicate facies has a low resistivity. Cave investigation forward models for the caves that occur in each sedimentary facies are developed. The forward calculations identify the resistivity anomalies of the caves for the various sedimentary facies. Furthermore, the resistivity characteristics are more evident in the low-resistivity silicate sedimentary facies. Differences in the reflection of caves exist among different arrays, particularly the dipole array more evident. The high-density resistivity method is used to survey the site and the potential safety risks are eliminated by accurately identifying two caves by their resistivity anomaly characteristics.
The Space-Evolution Frame as an Alternative to Space-Time
Authors: Du Xiaonan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As an alternative to the Minkowski space-time frame, this paper proposes a four-dimensional Euclidean space that combines three spatial dimensions with proper time instead of time. We call this space evolution, in which proper time is interpreted as an evolutionary position and time is considered world line length and absolute. The space-evolution frame provides a new perspective for our understanding of time, space and special relativity. The new frame is self-consistent and compatible to spacial relativity, the Lorentz transform and its predictions could be derived geometrically by simple coordinate rotation.
Corruption in Indonesia, Challenges for a Sustainable Development Strategy
Authors: Syaifudin Noor , Wu Yanrui , Setyawan Dhani 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study extends the literature by investigating the relationship between sustainable development and corruption in a panel of thirty-three provinces in Indonesia during 2004-2012. In measuring sustainable development, this study employs composite indices consist of 20 indicators covering economic, social, environmental, and institutional aspects in Indonesia's regional economies. The findings show a significant negative relationship between sustainable development and corruption. This study suggests that anti-corruption initiatives by the government should focus on improving governance and maximizing the social value of natural resource exploitation. Besides, the government should address the issues of productivity and sustainable population growth to ensure economic development sustainability.JEL codes: C33, C43, D73, Q01
Improved clearing method contributes to deep imaging of plant organs
Authors: Sakamoto Yuki , Ishimoto Anna , Sakai Yuuki , Sato Moeko , Nishihama Ryuuichi , Abe Konami , Sano Yoshitake , Furuichi Teiichi , Tsuji Hiroyuki , Kohchi Takayuki , Matsunaga Sachihiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Tissue clearing methods are increasingly essential for microscopic observation of internal tissues of thick biological organs. We previously developed TOMEI, a clearing method for plant tissues; however, it could not entirely remove chlorophylls and reduced the fluorescent signal of fluorescent proteins (FPs). Here, we developed an improved TOMEI method (iTOMEI) to overcome these limitations. We show that iTOMEI efficiently removes chlorophylls using caprylyl sulfobetaine solution and restores fluorescence of FPs, mainly lost by fixation, using a weak alkaline solution. iTOMEI enables detection of much brighter FP fluorescence than previous methods within 26 h in tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and Marchantia polymorpha. Moreover, a mouse brain was also efficiently cleared by the iTOMEI-Brain method within 48 h and strong fluorescent signals were detected in the cleared brain.
Correlation Between Inflammatory Parameters and Thyroid Axis in Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Ilera Veronica , Delfino Laura C. , Zunino Anabela , Glikman Patricia , Drnovsek Mónica , Reyes Adriana , Dios Alicia , Toibaro Javier , Pachioli Valeria , Lannes Nayla , Guida Alberto , Gauna Alicia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Inflammation plays a critical role in the progression of COVID-19. Nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) has been increasingly recognized in affected patients. We aim to evaluate the correlation of thyroid hormones with markers of inflammation and association with disease outcome in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, and in two profiles of NTIS (low T3-normal/low FT4 vs low T3-high FT4). Methods: prospective study of 55 patients (50.9% men, median age 56 years) admitted to a non-intensive care unit for COVID-19. Infection was mild in 22%, moderate in 27.1% and severe in 50.8%; 7.41% died. T4, T3, FT4, FT3 and their ratios (T3/T4, FT3/FT4) were correlated with albumin, ferritin, fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] and D-dimer. Results: Albumin correlated positively with T3 and hormones ratios, but negatively with FT4. T3, FT3, T3/T4 and FT3/FT4 ratios correlated inversely with ferritin, fibrinogen, ESR, CRP, LDH and D-dimer. FT4 showed direct correlation with fibrinogen and ESR. T3/T4 ratio was lower in severe compared to mild/moderate disease [7.5 (4.5-15.5) vs 9.2 (5.8-18.1); p=0.04], and lower in patients who died than in those discharged [5 (4.53-5.6) vs 8.1 (4.7-18.1); p=0.03]. A lowT3/high FT4 profile was associated with lower albumin, higher ferritin, and severity. Conclusion: In this cohort, thyroid hormones correlated with inflammation and outcome. T3 and T3/T4 ratio correlated inversely with inflammatory markers; a low T3/T4 ratio was associated with severity and poor prognosis. Patients with low T3 but high FT4 had higher ferritin, lower albumin, and more severe disease at presentation.
Creating a scientific solution: local problem solving in the Portuguese Health Examination Survey: a mixed method study
Authors: Lyshol Heidi , Gil Ana P. , Tolonen Hanna , Namorado Sónia , Kislaya Irina , Barreto Marta , Antunes Liliana , Santos Ana J. , Rodrigues Ana P. , Dias Carlos M. , Gaio Vânia 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Participation rates in health surveys, recognized as an important quality dimension, have been declining over the years, which may affect representativeness and confidence in results. The Portuguese national health examination survey INSEF (2015) achieved a participation rate of 43.9%, which is in line with participation rates from other similar health examination surveys. The objective of this article is to describe strategies used by the local teams to increase participation rates and to solve practical survey problems.Methods After a literature search, informal interviews were conducted with 14 public health officials from local health examination teams, regional and central authorities. 41 of the local staff members also filled in a short questionnaire anonymously. The interviews and self-administered questionnaires were analysed using mixed methods, informed by thematic analysis.Results The local teams believed that the detailed manual, described as a "cookbook for making a health examination survey", made it possible to maintain high scientific standards while allowing for improvising solutions to problems in the local context. The quality of the manual, supported by a series of training workshops with the central research and support team, gave the teams the confidence and knowledge to implement local solutions. Motivation and cohesion within the local teams were among the goals of the training process. Local teams felt empowered by being given large responsibilities and worked hard to incite people to attend the examination through a close and persuasive approach.Local teams praised their INSA contacts for being available for assistance throughout the survey, and said they were inspired to try harder to reach participants to please their contacts for interpersonal reasons.Conclusions The theory of organizational improvisation or bricolage, which means using limited resources to solve problems, was useful to discuss and understand what took place during INSEF.A detailed manual covering standard procedures and face-to-face workshops, including role-play, were vital to assure high scientific standards and high participation rates in this health examination survey. Close contacts between the central team and local focal points in all regions and all survey sites were key to accommodating unexpected challenges and innovative solutions.
Changes in Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization in Soil Organic Matter Under High CO2 Concentrations
Authors: GUO Jun , WANG Li-Ge , WU Ai-Lian , WANG Jin-Song , Dong Er-Wei , JIAO Xiao-Yan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To investigate the effects of different organic materials on soil organic carbon accumulation and carbon and nitrogen mineralization under different CO2 concentrations, field topsoil was used as the test soil and chicken manure, cow manure, and straw were mixed with soil samples as organic materials. The changes in organic carbon, carbon and nitrogen mineralization, and utilization of carbon sources by soil microorganisms were measured under high CO2 (800–1000 ppm) and low CO2 (400–500 ppm) concentrations. The results showed that adding organic material to soil can accelerate the mineralization of organic carbon and reduce the mineralization of nitrogen. While the addition of chicken manure and cow manure reduced the content of total organic carbon and active organic carbon in soil, straw increased the content of total organic carbon and active organic carbon in soil and reduced carbon utilization by the soil microbial community. Collectively, our findings revealed that, under high CO2 concentrations, adding organic material to soil can accelerate the mineralization of organic carbon and reduce the mineralization of nitrogen.
Distinctive Clinical and Pathologic Features of Immature Teratomas Arising From Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Injection in a Patient With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Han Lei , He Hao , Yang Yihao , Meng Qingyin , Ye Fan , Chen Gong , Zhang Jing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
As a new potential cure for diabetes, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are characterized by self-renewal capacity and the ability to differentiate into pancreatic islet β-cells, which will hopefully secrete insulin and rebuild blood glucose balance. The safety and validity of iPSC treatment for diabetes remain controversial. One of the most serious risks is teratoma formation arising from undifferentiated stem cells, but clinical reports are rare. Here, we report a distinctive case of immature teratoma after iPSC treatment for diabetes, which was accidentally treated in our soft tissue sarcoma centre. The patient received islet β-cell injection, in which the cells were differentiated from autologous iPSCs, into the deltoideus muscle. Two months later, a mass located in the injection area formed with enlarged axillary lymph nodes. Here, we present the different clinical, radiological and pathological features of this immature teratoma in detail. Distinctive from typical immature teratomas, the tumour was characterized by rapid growth and local lymph node metastasis. The tumour was not sensitive to typical chemotherapy regimens for immature teratomas. MRI scanning showed heterogeneous enhancement and a rich blood supply to the tumour. The histopathology showed immature endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm tissues composed of osseous, cartilaginous, vascular and adenoid tissues, which have more cellular atypia than typical teratomas. Staining for both Oct-4 and Sox-2 was positive in the tumour cell nucleus by immunofluorescence assay, but insulin staining was negative. Next-generation sequencing showed many missense mutations, but abnormal gene rearrangement or copy number was not observed. In conclusion, more attention should be given to teratoma formation after iPSC treatment for diabetes, which is more aggressive than typical teratomas. The safety and validity of iPSC treatment for diabetes should be confirmed by more standardized clinical trials.
Epidemiologic and Pathologic Study of Pancreatic Cancer in Hamadan, Iran (2008 to 2018)
Authors: Khanlarzadeh Elham , Nazari Saman , Ghobakhlou Mehdi , Ranjbar Hossein , Nazari Sasan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer death in cases. The study was conducted to determine the epidemiologic and pathologic of pancreatic cancer Methods: A case series study was conducted retrospectively at Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan, Iran. A total of 409 cases that had been diagnosed with pancreatic cancer from 2008 to 2018 were reviewed. The variables included age, gender, occupation, pathological type, location involved, early symptoms, metastasis status, prognosis and treatments, was extracted from the files and recorded in checklist. Data were analyzed by using SPSS/20 software. Results: Pancreatic cancer has been increasing trend in terms of time (2008-2018). Pancreatic cancer was most common age in the sixth decade of life and is more common in men than women. There was a significant relationship between aging and the incidence of pancreatic cancers (P<0.05). Most of the subjects were urban (50.4%). the frequency of smoking, alcohol and drugs were (34.5, 15.6 and 14.0%), respectively. Also, there was no statistically significant relationship between smoking, alcohol and drugs and pancreatic cancer (P>0.05). The frequency of pancreatic cancers included Adenocarcinomas (66.7%), Unknown (25.2%), Mucinous Adenocarcinomas (4.2%) and Carcinoma (3.9%), respectively. Conclusion: Pancreatic cancer has been increasing trend in terms of time. Pancreatic cancer was most common age in the sixth decade of life and is more common in men than women. The most common type of pancreatic cancer was Adenocarcinoma. Diagnosis usually occurs at higher stages. More preventive considerations were found to be beneficial among this population.
Norms and Practices of Gewata Community Toward Maternal and Child Health Services.
Authors: Beharu Mesfin , Ayele Lalisa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: World Vision Ethiopia is now implementing timely and targeted Counseling, Channel of Hope, Information, Education and communication on Basic Health Service Package using Faith Based Organization with the goal of Contribution in reduction of mothers and New born morbidity and death through further strengthening of the Supportive Supervision and Primary Health Care Unit. The community’s norms, practice, knowledge, accessibility and attitude towards of excellence of service delivered were significant to making choice on utilization of Maternal and Neonate health services. These social gradients apply across family planning, antenatal care assisted delivery and post delivery services.Objective: To assess the norms and practices of Gewata communities toward MCH services during pregnancy, labour and post-partum, South West Ethiopia from March 29- April 20, 2019.Methods: Ethnography study design was employed to describe the norms and practices of Gewata communities toward MCH services during pregnancy, labour and post-partum time. Data were collected through non- probability technique namely in-depth interviews and FGDs. A Total of 14 in-depth interview were and 4 FGD were employed each have 8 members/participants among (Pregnant mothers, Lactating mothers, Health Extension Workers (HEWs) and Health Development Agent Leader (HDAL). Study participants were selected purposively based on maximum variation criteria-based selection. Findings: Currently, it is unhidden reality that the qualities of services, Religious principles, Educational level, Accessibilities of the services, Infrastructure facilities, religious leader perceptions and traditional views have an impact on norms and practice MCH services during pregnancy, delivery and post partum period. On the other hand, the Weradas’ Maternal and Child services are showing some improvements from previous with the improvement of Gewata woreda transportation which mainly indicate impact of infrastructure development on services utilizations. The main tasks ahead include integrating and networking religious healing with modern medical services, improving the underdeveloped medical service infrastructures, improving under developed transportation/road infrastructures and networks, make fit medical services with culture of the community and rising the community’s consciousness of the advantages of Maternal and Child health services.
Molecular Identification and Prevalence of Animal African Trypanosomes Among Cattle Distributed within Jebba Axis of River Niger, Kwara State.
Authors: HABEEB ISSA FUNSHO , CHECHET GLORIA DADA , KWAGA JACOB K. P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Trypanosomiasis is a fatal disease that threatens the economy of at least 37 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa most especially livestock farming. In this study, we sought to investigate the prevalence of trypanosome infection in cattle, the potentials of these livestock as reservoirs of human-infective trypanosomes and the spatial distribution of trypanosome infected herds.Methods: The survey was conducted at the midland between the Northern and Southern part of Nigeria, an area perceived to have harboured migrating animals over the years due to insecurity in the north. A randomized cross-sectional study was conducted along the Jebba axis of river Niger, Kwara state by screening cattle from 36 herd clusters by nested PCR using ITS-1 generic primers. Data generated were analyzed using the Chi square test at 95% confidence interval. Results: Microscopic screening identified 3/398 samples representing 0.75% prevalence while twelve animals, representing 3.02% of the 398 sampled were detected as positive by PCR. Our result showed a decline in the PCV of infected animals (24.7%). The infection rate were categorized as single infection 11/12 (91.67%) and mixed infection 1/12 (8.33%). Animals were more susceptible to Trypanosoma congolense infection (50%) with T. congolense Savannah being the most prevalent Sub-specie (71.4%). Consequently, Trypanosome infections were more prevalent among female animals (4.30%), young animals (10.0%), White Fulani breeds (3.7%), animals with residency period of three years or less (3.18%), Transhumance animals (3.6%), animals with the diseases history (4.05%), animals with no history of drug administration (3.1%), animals close to river Niger (56.2%), larger herds (33.3%) and animals that have travelled to trypanosome endemic areas (50.0%). Aside age and distance of animals from river Niger, statistical difference in every other parameter tested were based on mere probabilistic chance. Spatial data showed that the disease is prevalent among herd located in less than 3Km distance from the river Niger which may represent a key risk factor. Conclusion: It is concluded that our study area may not be classified endemic but the epidemiological significance of this finding is that at least cattle populations may play a vital role in the maintenance and possible resurgence of the disease in the study area.
Correlations and Multivariate Analysis Across Non- Segregation and Segregation Generations in Two Cotton Crosses
Authors: Yehia Waleed , El-Hashash Essam Fathy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The cotton crop is one of the most important natural fibers crops for textile manufacture in the world. The present research uses Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariate analysis to assess the interrelationships, similarities and dissimilarities among non- segregation (P1, P2 and F1) and segregation (F2, BC1 and BC2) generations for seed cotton yield and yield components in the two crosses Giza 92 x Pima S6 and Giza 93 x C.B. 58.Results: The analysis of variance exhibited highly significant genetic variability among six generations for all studied traits in the two crosses. The F1 performance was higher than the other generations for all the studied traits in the two crosses. The results had positive and high significant correlations between seed cotton yield/plant, lint cotton yield/plant and No. of bolls/plant traits across all six generations in the two crosses. A number of positive correlations were observed among the six generations for all studied traits in the two crosses. The UPGMA hierarchical clustering showed higher level of similarity coefficients among the six generations and among the studied traits. Similarity coefficients ranged from 0.96 to 0.99 and from 0.65 to 0.96, respectively. In the principal component analysis (PCA), the PCA1 extracted had Eigenvalue >1 across six generations for all studied traits in the two crosses. The PCA displayed total variation of 91.84% among the six generations contributed by PCA1 (79.47%) and PCA2 (12.38%) and had mainly distinguished the generations in different groups. The PCA1 and PCA2 were dominated by F1 and segregation generations in the two crosses, respectively, showing high correlations with the first two PCAs. All studied traits as well as boll weight and lint percentage traits contributed positive significant component loadings for the PCA1 and PCA2, respectively. The biplot analysis of the relationship between the six generations revealed that the most appropriate generations for selecting yield traits were F1 in the two crosses and BC1 and BC2 in the cross Giza 93 x C.B. 58. Conclusion: From the obtained results, we recommend considering backcrossing may be done for 2–5 cycles (BC2 – BC5) at C.B. 58 parent for improving Egyptian cotton yield in the future.
Decreasing Boarders in the Emergency Department By Reducing Clerical Work in the Discharge Process of In-Hospital Patients – An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis
Authors: Moroço Diego Marques , Pazin-Filho Antonio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Emergency Department (ED) boarding is related to in-hospital patients' discharge. New techniques implemented in hospital institutions, such as digital signature, offer an improvement on these processes.Goals: Evaluate the impact of expediting patient's discharge after medical orders with the number of patients diverted to ED.Methods: We conducted a quasi-experimental study before and after an intervention. It consisted of an encrypted digital signature used to reduce clerical work and expedite the patient's release from the institution after medical discharge. We used Interrupted Time Series Analysis based on administrative data (number of hospital discharge, bed turnover, the time between medical discharge and the appointment's closing) from 2011 to 2019 using.Results: The interrupted time series analysis for the time from medical order to virtually hospital discharge showed an immediate change in level (Coefficient β2 -3.6 hours - 95% confidence interval -3.9; -3.4 - Lag1), but not a difference in the slope of the behavior of the post-intervention curve (β3 0.0005 coefficient - 95% confidence interval -0.0040; 0.0050 - Lag1). For the number of diverged patients to ED, we observed no immediate change in level (Coefficient β2 -0.84 patients - 95% confidence interval -0.33; 0.16 - Lag1), but a difference in the slope of the behavior of the post-intervention curve (β3 0.0005 coefficient - 95% confidence interval -0.0040; 0.0050 - Lag1).Conclusion: Reducing clerical work and so expediting patient discharge was associated with a decrease of potential boarders to ED.