bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of body position and actual execution on motor imagery of locomotor tasks in people with a lower-limb amputation
Authors: Saimpont Arnaud , Malouin Francine , Durand Anne , Mercier Catherine , di Rienzo Franck , Saruco Elodie , Collet Christian , Guillot Aymeric , Jackson Philip L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMotor imagery (MI) is usually facilitated when performed in a congruent body position to the imagined movement, as well as after actual execution (AE). A lower-limb amputation (LLA) results in important structural and functional changes in the sensorimotor system, which can alter MI. In this study, we investigated the effects of body position and AE on the temporal characteristics of MI in people with LLA. Ten participants with LLA (mean age = 59.6 ± 13.9 years, four females) and ten gender- and age-matched healthy control participants (mean age = 60.1 ± 15.4 years, four females) were included. They performed two locomotor-related tasks (a walking task and the Timed Up and Go task) while MI times were measured in different conditions (in congruent/incongruent positions and before/after AE). We showed that MI times were significantly shorter when participants imagined walking in a congruent-standing position compared to an incongruent-sitting position, and when performing MI after actual walking compared to before, in both groups. Shorter MI times in the congruent position and after AE suggest an improvement of MI’s temporal accuracy (i.e. the ability to match AE time during MI) in healthy individuals but not in the LLA group.
Rhizobacteria from ‘flowering desert’ events contribute to the mitigation of water scarcity stress during tomato seedling germination and growth
Authors: Astorga-Eló Marcia , Gonzalez Susett , Acuña Jacquelinne J. , Sadowsky Michael J. , Jorquera Milko A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable cultivated around the world. Under field conditions, tomato can be negatively affected by water scarcity in arid and semiarid regions. The application of native plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from arid environments has been proposed as an inoculant to mitigate abiotic stresses in plants. In this study, we evaluated rhizobacteria from Cistanthe longiscapa (syn Calandrinia litoralis and Calandrinia longiscapa), a representative native plant of flowering desert (FD) events (Atacama Desert, Chile), to determine their ability to reduce water scarcity stress on tomato seedlings. The isolated bacterial strains were characterized with respect to their PGPR traits, including P solubilization, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity, and tryptophan-induced auxin and exopolysaccharide production. Three PGPR consortia were formulated with isolated Bacillus strains and then applied to tomato seeds, and then, the seedlings were exposed to different levels of water limitations. In general, tomato seeds and seedlings inoculated with the PGPR consortia presented significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater plant growth (48 to 60 cm of height and 171 to 214 g of weight) and recovery rates (88 to 100%) compared with those without inoculation (37 to 51 cm of height; 146 to 197 g of fresh weight; 54 to 92% of recovery) after exposure to a lack of irrigation over different time intervals (24, 72 and 120 h) before transplantation. Our results revealed the effectiveness of the formulated PGPR consortia from FD to improve the performance of inoculated seeds and seedlings subjected to water scarcity; thus, the use of these consortia can represent an alternative approach for farmers facing drought events and water scarcity associated with climate change in semiarid and arid regions worldwide.
Chronic glucocorticoid treatment induces hepatic lipid accumulation and hyperinsulinaemia in part through actions on AgRP neurons
Authors: Harno Erika , Sefton Charlotte , Wray Jonathan R. , Allen Tiffany-Jayne , Davies Alison , Coll Anthony P. , White Anne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGlucocorticoids (GCs) are widely prescribed anti-inflammatory medicines, but their use can lead to metabolic side-effects. These may occur through direct actions of GCs on peripheral organs, but could also be mediated by the hypothalamic AgRP neurons, which can increase food intake and modify peripheral metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the metabolic effects of chronic treatment with the GC corticosterone (Cort, 75 μg/ml in drinking water) in mice lacking the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) on AgRP neurons. Female AgRP-GR KO mice had delayed onset of Cort-induced hyperphagia. However, AgRP-GR KO had little impact on the increased body weight or adiposity seen with 3 weeks Cort treatment. Cort caused hepatic steatosis in control mice, but in Cort treated female AgRP-GR KO mice there was a 25% reduction in liver lipid content and lower plasma triglycerides. Additionally, Cort treatment led to hyperinsulinaemia, but compared to controls, Cort-treated AgRP-GR KO mice had both lower fasting insulin levels and lower insulin levels during a glucose tolerance test. In conclusion, these data indicate that GCs do act through AgRP neurons to contribute, at least in part, to the adverse metabolic consequences of chronic GC treatment.
Copper single-atoms embedded in 2D graphitic carbon nitride for the CO2 reduction
Authors: Cometto Claudio , Ugolotti Aldo , Grazietti Elisa , Moretto Alessandro , Bottaro Gregorio , Armelao Lidia , Di Valentin Cristiana , Calvillo Laura , Granozzi Gaetano 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report the study of two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) functionalized with copper single atoms as a catalyst for the reduction of CO2 (CO2RR). The correct GCN structure, as well as the adsorption sites and the coordination of the Cu atoms, was carefully determined by combining experimental techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption, and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, with DFT theoretical calculations. The CO2RR products in KHCO3 and phosphate buffer solutions were determined by rotating ring disk electrode measurements and confirmed by 1H-NMR and gas chromatography. Formate was the only liquid product obtained in bicarbonate solution, whereas only hydrogen was obtained in phosphate solution. Finally, we demonstrated that GCN is a promising substrate able to stabilize metal atoms, since the characterization of the Cu-GCN system after the electrochemical work did not show the aggregation of the copper atoms.
FUT6 deficiency compromises basophil function by selectively abrogating their sialyl-Lewis x expression
Authors: Puan Kia Joo , San Luis Boris , Yusof Nurhashikin , Kumar Dilip , Andiappan Anand Kumar , Lee Wendy , Cajic Samanta , Vuckovic Dragana , Chan Jing De , Döllner Tobias , Hou Han Wei , Jiang Yunxuan , Tian Chao ,   the 23andMe Research Team, Agee Michelle , Aslibekyan Stella , Auton Adam , Babalola Elizabeth , Bell Robert K. , Bielenberg Jessica , Bryc Katarzyna , Bullis Emily , Cameron Briana , Coker Daniella , Partida Gabriel Cuellar , Dhamija Devika , Das Sayantan , Elson Sarah L. , Filshtein Teresa , Fletez-Brant Kipper , Fontanillas Pierre , Freyman Will , Gandhi Pooja M. , Heilbron Karl , Hicks Barry , Hinds David A. , Huber Karen E. , Jewett Ethan M. , Kleinman Aaron , Kukar Katelyn , Lane Vanessa , Lin Keng-Han , Lowe Maya , Luff Marie K. , McCreight Jennifer C. , McIntyre Matthew H. , McManus Kimberly F. , Micheletti Steven J. , Moreno Meghan E. , Mountain Joanna L. , Mozaffari Sahar V. , Nandakumar Priyanka , Noblin Elizabeth S. , O’Connell Jared , Petrakovitz Aaron A. , Poznik G. David , Schumacher Morgan , Shastri Anjali J. , Shelton Janie F. , Shi Jingchunzi , Shringarpure Suyash , Tran Vinh , Tung Joyce Y. , Wang Xin , Wang Wei , Weldon Catherine H. , Wilton Peter , Rapp Erdmann , Poidinger Michael , Wang De Yun , Soranzo Nicole , Lee Bernett , Rötzschke Olaf 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSialyl-Lewis x (sLex, CD15s) is a tetra-saccharide on the surface of leukocytes required for E-selectin-mediated rolling, a prerequisite for leukocytes to migrate out of the blood vessels. Here we show using flow cytometry that sLexexpression on basophils and mast cell progenitors depends on fucosyltransferase 6 (FUT6). Using genetic association data analysis and qPCR, the cell type-specific defect was associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in theFUT6gene region (tagged by rs17855739 and rs778798), affecting coding sequence and/or expression level of the mRNA. Heterozygous individuals with one functionalFUT6gene harbor a mixed population of sLex+and sLex-basophils, a phenomenon caused by random monoallelic expression (RME). Microfluidic assay demonstratedFUT6-deficient basophils rolling on E-selectin is severely impaired.FUT6null alleles carriers exhibit elevated blood basophil counts and a reduced itch sensitivity against insect bites.FUT6-deficiency thus dampens the basophil-mediated allergic response in the periphery, evident also in lower IgE titers and reduced eosinophil counts.
Potential evidence for transgenerational epigenetic memory in Arabidopsis thaliana following spaceflight
Authors: Xu Peipei , Chen Haiying , Hu Jinbo , Cai Weiming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlants grown in spaceflight exhibited differential methylation responses and this is important because plants are sessile, they are constantly exposed to a variety of environmental pressures and respond to them in many ways. We previously showed that the Arabidopsis genome exhibited lower methylation level after spaceflight for 60 h in orbit. Here, using the offspring of the seedlings grown in microgravity environment in the SJ-10 satellite for 11 days and returned to Earth, we systematically studied the potential effects of spaceflight on DNA methylation, transcriptome, and phenotype in the offspring. Whole-genome methylation analysis in the first generation of offspring (F1) showed that, although there was no significant difference in methylation level as had previously been observed in the parent plants, some residual imprints of DNA methylation differences were detected. Combined DNA methylation and RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that expression of many pathways, such as the abscisic acid-activated pathway, protein phosphorylation, and nitrate signaling pathway, etc. were enriched in the F1 population. As some phenotypic differences still existed in the F2 generation, it was suggested that these epigenetic DNA methylation modifications were partially retained, resulting in phenotypic differences in the offspring. Furthermore, some of the spaceflight-induced heritable differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were retained. Changes in epigenetic modifications caused by spaceflight affected the growth of two future seed generations. Altogether, our research is helpful in better understanding the adaptation mechanism of plants to the spaceflight environment.
Circulating lncRNA UCA1 and lncRNA PGM5-AS1 act as potential diagnostic biomarkers for early-stage colorectal cancer
Authors: Wang Minghui , Zhang Zhijun , Pan Deng , Xin Zhigang , Bu Fan , Zhang Yue , Tian Qingwu , Feng Xiaodong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and significant malignant diseases worldwide. In the present study, we evaluated two long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in CRC patients as diagnostic markers for early-stage CRC.
Methods: Using Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE102340, GSE126092, GSE109454 and GSE115856, 14 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified between cancer and adjacent tissues, among which, the two most differentially expressed were confirmed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 200 healthy controls and 188 CRC patients. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy for CRC.
Results: From four GEO datasets, three up-regulated and eleven down-regulated lncRNAs were identified in CRC tissues, among which, lncRNA urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) and lncRNA phosphoglucomutase 5-antisense RNA 1 (PGM5-AS1) were the most significantly up- and down-regulated lncRNAs in CRC patient plasma, respectively. The area under the ROC curve was calculated to be 0.766, 0.754 and 0.798 for UCA1, PGM5-AS1 and the combination of these two lncRNAs, respectively. Moreover, the diagnostic potential of these two lncRNAs was even higher for the early stages of CRC. The combination of UCA1 and PGM5-AS1 enhanced the AUC to 0.832, and when the lncRNAs were used with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), the AUC was further improved to 0.874.
Conclusion: In the present study, we identified two lncRNAs, UCA1 and PGM5-AS1, in CRC patients’ plasma, which have the potential to be used as diagnostic biomarkers of CRC.
Filter synthesis approach for the extended box section networks
Authors: Chen Jianzhong , Zhu Senyu , Wu Qingqiang , Li Liang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCross‐coupled microwave filter with flexible topology is an essential component in a modern communication system. Among the various filter networks, the use of an extended box section can effectively reduce the difficulty of filter design, but the synthesis approach for this popular structure is not well developed. This paper presents the synthesis method based on the folded coupling matrix to derive the extended box sections. At the same time, an eighth‐degree filter with extended sixth‐degree box sections is synthesized to demonstrate the correctness of the approach. Finally, the new approach's feature to derive advanced circuits such as peculiar quintets is discussed, indicating that it has certain universality.
Multi‐dimensional weighted cross‐attention network in crowded scenes
Authors: Xie Yefan , Zheng Jiangbin , Hou Xuan , Naqvi Irfan Raza , Xi Yue , Kuang Nailiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHuman detection in crowded scenes is one of the research components of crowd safety problem analysis, such as emergency warning and security monitoring platforms. Although the existing anchor‐free methods have fast inference speed, they are not suitable for object detection in crowded scenes due to the model's inability to predict the well‐fined object detection bounding boxes. This work proposes an end‐to‐end anchor‐free network, Multi‐dimensional Weighted Cross‐Attention Network (MANet), which can perform real‐time human detection in crowded scenes. Specifically, the Double‐flow Weighted Feature Cascade Module (DW‐FCM) is used in the extractor to highlight the contribution of features at different levels. The Triplet Cross Attention Module (TCAM) is used in the detector head to enhance the association dependence of multi‐dimension features, further strengthening human boundary features' discrimination ability at a fine‐grained level. Moreover, the strategy of Adaptively Opposite Thrust Mapping (AOTM) ground‐truth annotation is proposed to achieve bias correction of erroneous mappings and reduce the iterations of useless learning of the network. These strategies effectively alleviate the defect that the existing anchor‐free network cannot correctly distinguish and locate the individual human in crowded scenes. Compared with the anchor‐based detection method, there is no need to set anchor parameters manually, and the detection speed can satisfy the real‐time application. Finally, through extensive comparative experiments on CrowdHuman and WIDER FACE datasets, the results demonstrate that the improved strategy achieves the state‐of‐the‐art result in the anchor‐free methods.
Evolutionary view through the starless cores in Taurus
Authors: Navarro-Almaida D. , Fuente A. , Majumdar L. , Wakelam V. , Caselli P. , Rivière-Marichalar P. , Treviño-Morales S. P. , Cazaux S. , Jiménez-Serra I. , Kramer C. , Chacón-Tanarro A. , Kirk J. M. , Ward-Thompson D. , Tafalla M. 
Published: July 2021

Context. The chemical and physical evolution of starless and pre-stellar cores are of paramount importance to understanding the process of star formation. The Taurus Molecular Cloud cores TMC 1-C and TMC 1-CP share similar initial conditions and provide an excellent opportunity to understand the evolution of the pre-stellar core phase.
Aims. We investigated the evolutionary stage of starless cores based on observations towards the prototypical dark cores TMC 1-C and TMC 1-CP.
Methods. We mapped the prototypical dark cores TMC 1-C and TMC 1-CP in the CS 3 → 2, C34S 3 → 2, 13CS 2 → 1, DCN 1 → 0, DCN 2 → 1, DNC 1 → 0, DNC 2 → 1, DN13C 1 → 0, DN13C 2 → 1, N2H+ 1 → 0, and N2D+ 1 → 0 transitions. We performed a multi-transitional study of CS and its isotopologs, DCN, and DNC lines to characterize the physical and chemical properties of these cores. We studied their chemistry using the state-of-the-art gas-grain chemical code NAUTILUS and pseudo time-dependent models to determine their evolutionary stage.
Results. The central nH volume density, the N2H+ column density, and the abundances of deuterated species are higher in TMC 1-C than in TMC 1-CP, yielding a higher N2H+ deuterium fraction in TMC 1-C, thus indicating a later evolutionary stage for TMC 1-C. The chemical modeling with pseudo time-dependent models and their radiative transfer are in agreement with this statement, allowing us to estimate a collapse timescale of ~1 Myr for TMC 1-C. Models with a younger collapse scenario or a collapse slowed down by a magnetic support are found to more closely reproduce the observations towards TMC 1-CP.
Conclusions. Observational diagnostics seem to indicate that TMC 1-C is in a later evolutionary stage than TMC 1-CP, with a chemical age ~1 Myr. TMC 1-C shows signs of being an evolved core at the onset of star formation, while TMC 1-CP appears to be in an earlier evolutionary stage due to a more recent formation or, alternatively, a collapse slowed down by a magnetic support.
Evidence-Based Case Report of Hydatid Cyst
Authors: Suri Purnima , Chandra Kundan Kant 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHydatid disease is a parasitic infestation in humans caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Here, it develops in liver, lung, brain or other organs but liver is the most commonly affected organ. Intensity of morbidity depends upon location, expansion and activity of cyst. In modern medicine, surgery is still the treatment of choice but the chance of relapse and other complications is always there. Homoeopathy provides a better response in such conditions. One such case report is presented below. A young female patient attended outdoor patient department chiefly for complaints of jaundice, vomiting and right hypochondriac pain for the last 1 month and her diagnosis was hydatid cyst in right lobe of liver sized 11 × 15mm (by ultrasonography). She was successfully treated with the single and individualised homoeopathic medicine Crotalus horridus in 50 millesimal potencies in respect of both symptomatically and pathologically as evident by ultrasonography reports. Possible causal attribution of changes was explicitly depicted by Modified Naranjo Criteria. It shows positive role of homoeopathic treatment in regression of hydatid cyst in a young female.
Is Homeopathy More Effective Now Than a Hundred Years Ago?
Authors: Rutten Lex , Manchanda Raj Kumar , Eizayaga José 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring the past century, the amount of information about homeopathic medicines has grown dramatically. However, the recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has shown that homeopathic practitioners do not use more medicines than a century ago and they seem to use less symptoms to find the proper medicine. This could be explained by the fact that the more than a hundred years old repertory was flawed from the beginning and that more information in the repertory leads the practitioner astray in an increasingly complex labyrinth of data.This can be resolved by applying modern data management techniques based on systematic collection of treatment data and statistical analysis of the data. Homeopathic practitioners should collect these data avoiding bias. This requires additional training of practitioners, which should also result in a higher scientific level of homeopathic practice and increasingly effective treatment as the database grows.
Inorganic cancer phototheranostics in second biowindow
Authors: Younis Muhammad Rizwan , He Gang , Gurram Bhaskar , Lin Jing , Huang Peng 
Published: July 2021

Cancer phototheranostics in second biological window (1000–1500 nm) has recently emerged as a promising alternative of first biological window because of high light penetration depth, minimal tissue absorption, reduced scattering, better resolution, less autofluorescence, and high signal to noise ratio. With the rapid progress in chemical biology, nanomedicine, and material science, multifunctional inorganic phototheranostics with broadband absorption (1000–1350 nm) in near-infrared-II (NIR-II) biowindow has been actively developed to diagnose and treat deeply localized tumors simultaneously. Hence, this Perspective focuses on the latest developments in NIR-II inorganic cancer phototheranostics. A systematic comparison of NIR-I vs NIR-II biowindow has been made, followed by the technical guidelines regarding the design considerations of theranostics. The general fabrication strategies of NIR-II activated theranostics are also briefly introduced. A comprehensive discussion about the potential multimodal cancer theranostic applications of inorganic nanosystems in NIR-II biowindow has been provided, whereas the potential obstacles in clinical translation and future prospects are also highlighted in Sec. V. This Perspective will reveal the essence of NIR-II photo-induced cancer theranostics, which may push forward the development of next-generation personalized cancer photo-nanomedicines.
Enhancement of spin-to-charge conversion efficiency in topological insulators by interface engineering
Authors: He Haoran , Tai Lixuan , Wu Di , Wu Hao , Razavi Armin , Wong Kin , Liu Yuxiang , Wang Kang L. 
Published: July 2021

Topological insulator (TI) based heterostructure is a prospective candidate for ultrahigh spin-to-charge conversion efficiency due to its unique surface states. We investigate the spin-to-charge conversion in (Bi,Sb)2Te3 (BST)/CoFeB, BST/Ru/CoFeB, and BST/Ti/CoFeB by spin pumping measurement. We find that the inverse Edelstein effect length (λIEE) increases by 60% with a Ru insertion while remains constant with a Ti insertion. This can be potentially explained by the protection of BST surface states due to the high electronegativity of Ru. Such enhancement is independent of the insertion layer thickness once the thickness of Ru is larger than 0.5 nm, and this result suggests that λIEE is very sensitive to the TI interface. In addition, an effectively perpendicular magnetic anisotropy field and additional magnetic damping are observed in the BST/CoFeB sample, which comes from the interfacial spin–orbit coupling between the BST and the CoFeB. Our work provides a method to enhance λIEE and is useful for the understanding of charge-to-spin conversion in TI-based systems.