bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic 3D Printing Responsive Scaffolds with Biomimetic Enrichment Channels for Bone Regeneration
Authors: Wang Xiaocheng , Yu Yunru , Yang Chaoyu , Shao Changmin , Shi Keqing , Shang Luoran , Ye Fangfu , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTissue‐engineered scaffolds have been extensively explored for treating bone defects; however, slow and insufficient vascularization throughout the scaffolds remains a key challenge for further application. Herein, a versatile microfluidic 3D printing strategy to fabricate black phosphorus (BP) incorporated fibrous scaffolds with photothermal responsive channels for improving vascularization and bone regeneration is proposed. The thermal channeled scaffolds display reversible shrinkage and swelling behavior controlled by near‐infrared irradiation, which facilitates the penetration of suspended cells into the scaffold channels and promotes the prevascularization. Furthermore, the embedded BP nanosheets exhibit intrinsic properties for in situ biomineralization and improve in vitro cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Following transplantation in vivo, these channels also promote host vessel infiltration deep into the scaffolds and effectively accelerate the healing process of bone defects. Thus, it is believed that these near‐infrared responsive channeled scaffolds are promising candidates for tissue/vascular ingrowth in diverse tissue engineering applications.
High‐Entropy Metal–Organic Frameworks for Highly Reversible Sodium Storage
Authors: Ma Yanjiao , Ma Yuan , Dreyer Sören Lukas , Wang Qingsong , Wang Kai , Goonetilleke Damian , Omar Ahmad , Mikhailova Daria , Hahn Horst , Breitung Ben , Brezesinski Torsten 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrussian blue analogues (PBAs) are reported to be efficient sodium storage materials because of the unique advantages of their metal–organic framework structure. However, the issues of low specific capacity and poor reversibility, caused by phase transitions during charge/discharge cycling, have thus far limited the applicability of these materials. Herein, a new approach is presented to substantially improve the electrochemical properties of PBAs by introducing high entropy into the crystal structure. To achieve this, five different metal species are introduced, sharing the same nitrogen‐coordinated site, thereby increasing the configurational entropy of the system beyond 1.5R. By careful selection of the elements, high‐entropy PBA (HE‐PBA) presents a quasi‐zero‐strain reaction mechanism, resulting in increased cycling stability and rate capability. The key to such improvement lies in the high entropy and associated effects as well as the presence of several active redox centers. The gassing behavior of PBAs is also reported. Evolution of dimeric cyanogen due to oxidation of the cyanide ligands is detected, which can be attributed to the structural degradation of HE‐PBA during battery operation. By optimizing the electrochemical window, a Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100% is retained after cycling for more than 3000 cycles.
Efficient and Stable Molecular‐Aggregate‐Based Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Judicious Ligand Design
Authors: Cao Linyu , Zhu Zhi‐Qiang , Klimes Kody , Li Jian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhosphorescent molecular aggregates show promise in realizing efficient and stable organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) operating at high brightness level, which is highly desired for future lighting and display applications. Herein, four tetradentate Pd(II) complexes are prepared with judicious ligand design, and their electrochemical and photophysical properties are thoroughly examined. The studies indicate that slight structural changes of ligands can modify the hole and electron transporting capabilities, and alter the horizontal emitting dipole ratios of aggregates in amorphous film, the latter of which are sensitive to the thin‐film deposition conditions including the deposition rate and the choice of the templating layer. An optimized OLED device using Pd3O8‐Py5 aggregates exhibits a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 37.3% and a reduced efficiency roll‐off with high EQEs of 36.0% and 32.5% at 1000 and 10 000 cd m−2, respectively. Moreover, such an efficient device demonstrates a long measured LT95 (time to 95% of the initial luminance) lifetime of over 500 h with an initial brightness of 17 304 cd m−2 corresponding to an estimated LT95 lifetime of 48 246 h at 1000 cd m−2.
A Well‐Mixed Phase Formed by Two Compatible Non‐Fullerene Acceptors Enables Ternary Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency over 18.6%
Authors: Cai Yunhao , Li Yun , Wang Rui , Wu Hongbo , Chen Zhihao , Zhang Jie , Ma Zaifei , Hao Xiaotao , Zhao Yong , Zhang Chunfeng , Huang Fei , Sun Yanming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe ternary strategy, introducing a third component into a binary blend, opens a simple and promising avenue to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). The judicious selection of an appropriate third component, without sacrificing the photocurrent and voltage output of the OSC, is of significant importance in ternary devices. Herein, highly efficient OSCs fabricated using a ternary approach are demonstrated, wherein a novel non‐fullerene acceptor L8‐BO‐F is designed and incorporated into the PM6:BTP‐eC9 blend. The three components show complementary absorption spectra and cascade energy alignment. L8‐BO‐F and BTP‐eC9 are found to form a homogeneous mixed phase, which improves the molecular packing of both the donor and acceptor materials, and optimizes the ternary blend morphology. Moreover, the addition of L8‐BO‐F into the binary blend suppresses the non‐radiative recombination, thus leading to a reduced voltage loss. Consequently, concurrent increases in open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current, and fill factor are realized, resulting in an unprecedented PCE of 18.66% (certified value of 18.2%), which represents the highest efficiency values reported for both single‐junction and tandem OSCs so far.
Multi‐Light‐Responsive Upconversion‐and‐Downshifting‐Based Circularly Polarized Luminescent Switches in Chiral Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Zhao Tonghan , Han Jianlei , Shi Yonghong , Zhou Jin , Duan Pengfei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted tremendous attention for several novel applications. However, functional MOFs with light‐responsive circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are not examined in detail. Therefore, a dual CPL switch exhibiting both upconversion (UC) and downshifting (DS) CPL in the solid state is constructed by loading a luminescent diarylethene derivative (DAEC) and UC nanoparticles (UCNPs) into chiral MOFs. The chiral MOF⊃DAEC composites exhibit both photoswitchable luminescence and DS‐CPL properties under alternating UV and visible light irradiation. Additionally, a reversible UC‐CPL switch is realized using near‐infrared (NIR) and visible light irradiation by introducing energy‐level‐matched UCNPs and DAEC into the chiral MOFs. The dissymmetry factor (glum) of UC‐CPL is noted to be significantly amplified through energy transfer compared to that of DS‐CPL, which indicates that the information on circular polarization can be manipulated by altering the incident light. A chiroptical logic circuit with a 2D information output is designed with UV, visible, and NIR light as inputs by setting a rational threshold.
Multifunctional, Bioinspired, and Moisture Responsive Graphene Oxide/Tapioca Starch Nanocomposites
Authors: Chathuranga Hiran , Marriam Ifra , Zhang Zhanying , MacLeod Jennifer , Liu Yinong , Yang Hong , Yan Cheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractActuators triggered by water evaporation have found potential applications in a wide range of emerging fields, including smart structures, power generators, artificial muscles, and soft robots. In addition to poor mechanical performance, conventional actuators raise major economic and environmental concerns due to their expensive and complex synthesis processes with hazardous chemicals and high ecological footprint. Herein, a nacre‐inspired moisture‐responsive actuator is fabricated using graphene oxide (GO) and tapioca starch (TS), a water‐soluble, low‐cost, and eco‐friendly natural polymer. The resultant TS/GO nanocomposite film has excellent mechanical properties and exhibits rapid and autonomous locomotion under moisture attack. Moreover, the actuator demonstrates a bending speed of ≈60° s−1 and has the potential to lift a load up to ten times its own weight. Based on these features, a novel moisture detection alarm system with control and operating circuits is assembled using the TS/GO film. Furthermore, the TS/GO actuator shows that it is capable of mimicking biological structures like flowers and can undergo locomotion even for nonwater vapors like isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, and chloroform.
How the Copper Dopant Alters the Geometric and Photoelectronic Properties of the Lead‐Free Cs2AgSbCl6 Double Perovskite
Authors: Yu Gan , Xue Shaoming , Yin Ruotong , Wu Qiaoqian , Gao Tianhao , Song Yixian , Wang Ruijie , Cong Wei‐Yan , Guan ChengBo , Lu Ying‐Bo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Cu‐modulated lead‐free double perovskite Cs2AgSbCl6 shows excellent photoelectric performances. Thus the distribution of Cu dopants inside Cs2AgSbCl6 and the influence induced by them are investigated thoroughly. The variation of charge distribution and then the electronic environment around the Cu dopant are simulated, which support the preferred formation of CuAg defect in Cs2AgSbCl6 with a nominal monovalent state. Compared with other Cu‐related defects, this configuration introduces the weakest tensile stress around the defects and the slightest distortion of the metal octahedron. Owing to the special CuAg defect, the electronic structures of Cs2AgSbCl6 system change, e.g., the bandgap reduces manifestly, ascribing to the predominant contribution from Cu‐3d orbitals to the band edges. With the increase of concentration of Cu dopants, the bandgap of Cs2AgSbCl6 decreases further in a monotonic but gentle way, originating from the extra interactions between the Cu‐3d orbitals. Therefore, the critical insight to understand the photoelectronic properties of Cs2AgSbCl6 modulated by the Cu dopants is provided.
Recent Advances in Ionic Liquids in Biomedicine
Authors: Curreri Alexander M. , Mitragotri Samir , Tanner Eden E. L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe use of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents in biomedical applications has grown dramatically in recent years due to their unique properties and their inherent tunability. This review will introduce ionic liquids and deep eutectics and discuss their biomedical applications, namely solubilization of drugs, creation of active pharmaceutical ingredients, delivery of pharmaceuticals through biological barriers, stabilization of proteins and other nucleic acids, antibacterial agents, and development of new biosensors. Current challenges and future outlooks are discussed, including biocompatibility, the potential impact of the presence of impurities, and the importance of understanding the microscopic interactions in ionic liquids in order to design task‐specific solvents.
Superhydrophobic‐Substrate‐Assisted Construction of Free‐Standing Microcavity‐Patterned Conducting Polymer Films
Authors: Chen Yupeng , Zhu Zhongpeng , Jiang Xiangyu , Jiang Lei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPatterned conducting polymer films with unique structures have promising prospects for application in various fields, such as actuation, water purification, sensing, and bioelectronics. However, their practical application is hindered because of the limitations of existing construction methods. Herein, a strategy is proposed for the superhydrophobic‐substrate‐assisted construction of free‐standing 3D microcavity‐patterned conducting polymer films (McPCPFs) at micrometer resolution. Easy‐peeling and nondestructive transfer properties are achieved through electrochemical polymerization along the solid/liquid/gas triphase interface on micropillar‐structured substrates. The effects of the wettability and geometrical parameters of the substrates on the construction of McPCPFs are systematically investigated in addition to the evolution of the epitaxial growth along the triphase interface at different polymerization times. The McPCPFs can be easily peeled from superhydrophobic surfaces using ethanol because of weak adhesion and nondestructively transferred to various substrates taking advantage of the capillarity. Furthermore, sensitive light‐driven McPCPF locomotion on organic liquid surfaces is demonstrated. Ultimately, a facile strategy for the construction of free‐standing 3D microstructure‐patterned conducting polymer films is proposed, which can improve productivity and applicability of the films in different fields and expand the application scope of superwettable interfaces.
Growth Modulation of Super‐Tetragonal PbTiO3 Thin Films with Self‐Assembled Nanocolumn Structures
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Dai Yanzhu , Li Zhipeng , Lu Lu , Zhang Xin , Fu Kunwu , Xu Xiaoguang , Tian Wenhuai , Jia Chun‐Lin , Jiang Yong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlthough the epitaxial strain due to lattice mismatch between films and substrates can lead to improved properties and emergent functionalities, the limited choices of substrates and strain relaxation have hindered the further tuning of thin films ferroelectricity by conventional strain engineering via electro‐elastic coupling. Here, epitaxial thin films composed of self‐assembled arrays of PbxTiyOx+2y (lead‐rich) nanocolumns embedded in a PbTiO3 matrix by laser ablation of single lead titanate ceramic targets are fabricated. The c‐axis lattice parameter of the whole nanostructure can reach up to 4.7 Å and the out‐of‐plane to in‐plane lattice parameter ratio of 1.2 can be achieved, based on which spontaneous polarization is also estimated according to the coupling between tetragonality and polarization for ferroelectrics. The value of tetragonality can be well tuned by the growth conditions, such as the growth temperatures. Moreover, single lead titanate film composed of multiple tetragonalities can also be reached. This work provides a general approach to regulation of lattice states and functionalities beyond their present levels via elastic coupling between the self‐assembled nanostructures in three dimensions.
The combination of straw return and appropriate K fertilizer amounts enhances both soil health and rice yield in Northeast China
Authors: Hou Yunpeng , Xu Xinpeng , Kong Lili , Zhang Lei , Wang Lichun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo identify the ideal potassium (K) fertilization rate in fields with continuous straw return to maintain soil potassium supply and increase yield in the rice‐producing regions of Northeast China, we studied the effect of different K fertilizer application amounts (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 kg K2O ha−1 yr−1) on rice yield, K use efficiency, and soil K availability in straw‐returned and straw‐removed plots from 2017 to 2019. Results showed that the highest rice yield in straw‐returned plots (60 K2O ha−1) was 3.3% higher than that in the straw‐removed plots (90 K2O ha−1), and the straw‐return treatment attained higher K use efficiencies under low K fertilizer application conditions (30 and 60 kg K2O ha−1). Compared with straw‐removed plots, straw‐returned plots had increased exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K contents in the top 20 cm of soil. The ranges of K fertilizer application amount required to maintain soil K balance (K input–K output) in straw‐returned plots and straw‐removed plots were 48–53 kg ha−1 and 127–140 kg ha−1, respectively. Continuous straw return in rice‐producing regions in Northeast China can decrease K fertilizer application needs by 62.2% compared with straw‐removed plots while simultaneously maintaining soil K balance. Straw return plays an important role in increasing crop yield, preventing soil K depletion, and keeping the development of K resources sustainable.
C−Boron Enolates Enable Palladium Catalyzed Carboboration of Internal 1,3‐Enynes
Authors: Wang Ziyong , Wu Jason , Lamine Walid , Li Bo , Sotiropoulos Jean‐Marc , Chrostowska Anna , Miqueu Karinne , Liu Shih‐Yuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA new family of carbon‐bound boron enolates, generated by a kinetically controlled halogen exchange between chlorocatecholborane and silylketene acetals, is described. These C−boron enolates are demonstrated to activate 1,3‐enyne substrates in the presence of a Pd0/Senphos ligand complex, resulting in the first examples of a carboboration reaction of an alkyne with enolate‐equivalent nucleophiles. Highly substituted dienyl boron building blocks are produced in excellent site‐, regio‐, and diastereoselectivity by the described catalytic cis‐carboboration reaction.
Gharials (Gavialis gangeticus) in Bardiya National Park, Nepal: Population, habitat and threats
Authors: Bashyal Ashish , Shrestha Sandeep , Luitel Kishor P. , Yadav Bhupendra P. , Khadka Bed , Lang Jeffrey W. , Densmore Llewellyn D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

The Critically Endangered gharial (Gavialis gangeticus) residing within Bardiya National Park (BNP) in Nepal constitutes the sixth major sub‐population of this unique lineage; however, this population is not well studied. A 46 km protected stretch of the Babai River and a 60 km stretch of the Karnali River in and around BNP were surveyed for gharials in early 2017 and in 2019.
Gharial counts in 2017 – 17 from the Babai and one from the Karnali rivers – consisted of 10 adults, five sub‐adults and three juveniles. In 2019, 19 gharials were counted – 18 for the Babai and one for the Karnali – comprising 11 adults, six sub‐adults and two juveniles. In the Babai River within BNP, four breeding groups were identified. Gharials in BNP prefer sandy vs. rocky banks for basking and completely avoid sand‐grass and clay banks. Habitat preference did not vary with size class.
Protected stretches of both rivers inside BNP (76 km) have resident gharial, intact habitats and few human threats. In contrast, the unprotected stretch of the Karnali (30 km) is threatened by boulder quarrying, sand mining and unlicensed fishing, and is avoided by gharials despite the availability of habitat.
This study established baseline data, including indices of population size, distribution and habitat preferences, and documented resident gharials that are breeding in the Babai River in BNP. The conservation of this Babai population is crucial for the species’ survival in BNP.
Based on this study, we recommend the following conservation actions on the Babai stretch: (a) determine hatching success; (b) assess juvenile recruitment; (c) consider supplementation by releasing captives; (d) study riverine features important as baselines; (e) accommodate upstream movements on the protected Babai stretch; and (f) protect the downstream Babai outside the boundary of the BNP.
Powerful knowledge, transformations andDidaktik/curriculum thinking
Authors: Deng Zongyi 
Published: July 2021

From the vantage point of knowledge transformations entailed in curriculum making, this article seeks to contribute to a rethinking of the concept of powerful knowledge. It makes a case for linking the teaching of content knowledge to the development of human powers (understanding, ways of thinking, capabilities and dispositions) by way of knowledge transformations. The article starts by examining three perspectives or contributions to knowledge transformations: (1) Bernstein’srecontextualisation; (2) Chevallard’sdidactic transposition; and (3) Gerickeet al.’stransformations. This is followed by a discussion of what transformations entail from the perspective ofBildung‐centredDidaktik, and what transformations mean in today’s context if education is centrally concerned with the development of human powers. It concludes by questioning the conflation of powerful knowledge with disciplinary knowledge.
Dimensional reduction in complex living systems: Where, why, and how
Authors: Eckmann Jean‐Pierre , Tlusty Tsvi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe unprecedented prowess of measurement techniques provides a detailed, multi‐scale look into the depths of living systems. Understanding these avalanches of high‐dimensional data—by distilling underlying principles and mechanisms—necessitates dimensional reduction. We propose that living systems achieve exquisite dimensional reduction, originating from their capacity to learn, through evolution and phenotypic plasticity, the relevant aspects of a non‐random, smooth physical reality. We explain how geometric insights by mathematicians allow one to identify these genuine hallmarks of life and distinguish them from universal properties of generic data sets. We illustrate these principles in a concrete example of protein evolution, suggesting a simple general recipe that can be applied to understand other biological systems.
Rapid and simultaneous determination of histidine metabolism intermediates in human and mouse microbiota and biomatrices
Authors: Acuña Inmaculada , Ruiz Alicia , Cerdó Tomás , Cantarero Samuel , López‐Moreno Ana , Aguilera Margarita , Campoy Cristina , Suárez Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHistidine metabolism is a key pathway physiologically involved in satiety, recognition memory, skin, and neural protection and allergic diseases. Microbiologically‐produced imidazole propionate induces type II diabetes and interferes with glucose lowering drugs. Despite their determinant health implications, no single method simultaneously assesses histidine metabolites in urine, feces, and microbiota. The aim of this study was to develop a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for the determination of histidine and its major bioactive metabolites histamine, N‐acetylhistamine, imidazole‐4‐acetate, cis‐urocanate, trans‐urocanate, glutamate and imidazole propionate, using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. An innovative simple extraction method from small aliquots of human and mice urine, feces and microbial cell extracts was coupled to separation in a 6.5 min chromatographic run. The successful performance allowed accurate and precise quantification of all metabolites in mouse feces, suggesting broad exchange of histidine metabolites between the gut and mice. Higher urine histamine, histamine to histidine ratio, and imidazole‐4‐acetate pointed to an underlying inflammatory or allergic process in mice compared to human subjects. N‐acetylhistamine and imidazole propionate were detected in human and mouse feces, confirming its origin from gut microbial metabolism. Our novel and robust analytical method captured histidine metabolism in a single assay that will facilitate broad and deep histidine metabolic phenotyping assessing the impact of microbiota on host health in large‐scale human observational and interventional studies.