bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TEST OF MODIFIED ULTRA-HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT
POLYETHYLENE FOR PROSTHETIC REPAIR OF THE
OSSICULAR CHAIN
Authors: Khorov Oleg , Struk Vasily , Novasialetski Uladzimir 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundOur aim was to evaluate the effect of implantation of a surface-modified ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) of high density into a rabbit ear’s bulla in terms of biochemical and immunological blood parameters and
middle ear tissue morphology.Material and MethodsExactly 35 rabbits were used, divided into 3 groups. In the 1st group the ears were implanted with a
piece of UHMWPE 6 mm long and 1 mm in diameter the surface of which had been modified with a laser. In the 2nd group
similar titanium implants were used. The 3rd group was a control (5 rabbits). The 1st and 2nd groups comprised 15 animals
which were euthanased 15, 60, and 90 days after implantation (5 animals each).ResultsComparison of the two experimental groups with the control group revealed no significant differences in biochemical and immunological blood parameters or tissue morphology in the middle ear at different times after surgeryConclusionsUHMWPE of high density can be regarded as a material suitable for developing prostheses for the ossicular chain.
CLINICAL STUDY OF AIDED CORTICAL AUDITORY EVOKED
POTENTIALS IN PEDIATRIC AUDITORY BRAINSTEM
IMPLANTEES
Authors: Sampathkumar Raghunandhan , Kameswaran Mohan , Sharma Prashant , Rajeswaran Ranjith , Reddy Chandrashekar 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundCortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) reflect the function of the auditory thalamo-cortical pathways and
the auditory cortex, and so are a window to the ‘auditory brain’. They are a valuable prognosticator for predicting long-term
outcomes in cochlear implantees. This preliminary study evaluated its use in pediatric auditory brainstem implant (ABI) who
had bilateral Michel’s deformity with cochlear nerve hypoplasia.ObjectivesTo profile the aided CAEPs in children with ABI and to assess its efficacy as a tool for evaluating ABI outcomes.MethodThis prospective clinical study was performed in 3 pre-lingually deaf, non-syndromic children (aged 3–5 yrs) who
had congenital bilateral hypoplastic cochlear nerves with Michel’s cochlear deformity who underwent ABI at our institute.
All implantees underwent CAEP testing at 6 months and 1 year post-implantation and their results were compared. To compare responses between the various electrodes in contact with the brainstem the 12 ABI electrodes were divided into 4 groups
(G1–G4). These groups were sequentially activated and the CAEPs recorded; the responses were compared to the overall CAEP
response obtained by stimulating the entire electrode array. Testing comprised /m/, /g/, and /t/ acoustic stimuli and responses to them were recorded from each group of electrodes. Latency of P1, amplitude of P1 complex, and morphology of the responses were analyzed.ConclusionsResults from our preliminary study showed that CAEP can be successfully recorded in ABI, and CAEP profiling can be an objective method of analyzing the optimal placement and function of the ABI electrodes on the brainstem.
Thus CAEP is an efficient adjunct to electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (EABR) for testing ABIs. When stimulated via the ABI, CAEP may reflect re-organization of higher auditory centers and hence may be a good prognosticator for
long-term assessment of ABI performance.
CENTRAL AUDITORY PROCESSES PREDICT READING
ABILITIES OF CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA
Authors: Lewandowska Monika , Ganc Malgorzata , Wlodarczyk Elzbieta , Senderski Andrzej , McPherson David , Bednarek Dorota , Skarzynski Henryk 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundIn this paper we showed predictive relationships between central auditory processes, phonological abilities, and
reading abilities in children diagnosed with developmental dyslexia (DD). Both empirical data and theoretical approaches indicate that central auditory processing deficits may contribute to developmental dyslexia; however, associations between reading and phonological skills and central auditory processes remain unclear.Material and MethodsExactly 57 children with dyslexia and 40 age- and gender-matched normal reading children performed
reading, phonological, and auditory information processing tests, i.e. the Frequency Pattern Test (FPT), Dichotic Digit Test
(DDT), and Gap Detection Test (GDT).ResultsDyslexic children showed parallel reading, phonological, and auditory information processing deficits. Principal component analysis, performed in dyslexic and normal reading children to reduce the data set before exploring the predictors
of language skills, revealed three factors: 1) ‘Auditory processing’, which received high loadings from phonological, FPT, and
DDT for the right ear; 2) ‘Age and Cognition’, including chronological age as well as measures of fluid intelligence and auditory working memory span; and 3) ‘Dichotic listening’ for the left ear. All three factors together best predicted reading regular words in children diagnosed with DD, while ‘Auditory processing’ and ‘Age and cognition’ together explained most of the
variance while predicting pseudo-word reading.ConclusionsThe present study indicates that frequency pattern recognition, dichotic listening for the right year, and phonological awareness are strongly interrelated and constitute the most significant predictor of reading abilities in children diagnosed with dyslexia. The results may have important implications for diagnosis and therapy of language disorders.
BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT OF CHILDREN AT RISK OF
CENTRAL AUDITORY PROCESSING DISORDER WITHOUT
READING DEFICITS
Authors: Kumar Prawin , Singh Niraj , Ghosh Vipin 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundAuditory processing abilities in children with dyslexia and reading disabilities have been widely studied using
various behavioral and electrophysiological measures. However explorations in children with (C)APD without reading disability are lacking, and the present study was designed to fill that gap.Material and MethodsThe study comprised an experimental group and a control group, the former having 15 children at risk
of (C)APD without reading difficulties and the latter 15 typically developing children. Behavioral tests for (C)APD were administered to participants in both groups, and included the gap detection test (GDT), pitch pattern test (PPT), dichotic consonant vowel test (DCV), speech perception in noise (SPIN), and masking level difference (MLD) test.ResultsChildren who were at risk of (C)APD without reading deficit displayed higher thresholds in GDT and gained poorer scores on PPT as well as SPIN when compared to the group of typically developing children. However, the performance on
MLD and DCV were comparable between the groups.ConclusionsThe present study suggests a combination of GDT, PPT, and SPIN as a possible sensitive tool in clinics for indicating central auditory deficits in children at risk of (C)APD without reading deficits. DCV and MLD were not sensitive.
Perception of the size and shape of resonant
objects
Authors: Bleeck Stefan , O’Meara Niamh 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundWe investigated the ability of naïve, untrained listeners to identify the physical parameters of 3D polystyrene objects from listening to single impulse sounds generated by an impact collision. We were specifically interested in the perception of object shape and object size and their interaction.Material and MethodsTwenty polystyrene objects of various shapes (spheres, hearts, cubes, eggs, rings, and cones) and sizes (between 64 cm3
and 2278 cm3
) were used in three experiments investigating size and shape perception. In the first experiment, the task was to identify the ‘odd one out’ of three sounds originating from objects of different shape or size. In the second experiment the task was to identify the shape and size of an object just by listening to it. In the third experiment the task
was to rate how similar two sounds were.ResultsResults show that listeners were able, to a degree, to identify the size and shape of objects without reference and in
relation to each other. Multidimensional scaling suggests that shape (most salient) and size (second most salient) are the predominant perceptual dimensions.ConclusionsWe conclude that humans, to some degree and without training and without prior experience, have the ability
to infer the physical properties of object size and shape by listening to single impulse sounds. Size and shape seem to be independent and are the most salient parameters.
AUDITORY BRAINSTEM RESPONSES IN HIGH-RISK
NEONATES: 3 YEARS’ EXPERIENCE AT AN ITALIAN HOSPITAL
Authors: Giordano Pietro , Ortore R. , D’Ecclesia A. , Cavalluzzo F. , Loria E. , Vigliaroli C. , Cocchi R. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) reported in 2013 that approximately 360 million people have disabling
hearing loss, of which 32 million are children. A major consequence of hearing loss is a disability in communication: development of spoken language is often delayed in children with hearing loss, or absent in total deafness. Such children can benefit
from a range of interventions such as hearing aids, cochlear implants, and educational and social support. Hearing screening
can prevent the most severe consequences of hearing loss, but it is preferable first to consider populations with a high probability of developing hearing impairment. The present study assessed the incidence of hearing impairment through ABR in infants at high risk at Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital in southern Italy.Material and MethodsThe paper reports the results of auditory brain stem response (ABR) testing over a period of 3 years on
infants born with a history of infantile respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), otoacoustic emission failure at hearing screening, low birth-weight (<1800 g), family history of deafness, hyperbiluribinemia, premature birth, congenital infection (cytomegalovirus), or craniofacial anomalies.ResultsOf 549 infants tested, 469 (85.4%) showed normal hearing, 51 (9.3%) suffered mild hearing impairment, 6 (1.1%)
had moderate hearing impairment, 8 (1.5%) had severe hearing loss, and 15 (2.7%) failed to show any response at maximum
intensity levels in both ears. For the hearing loss categories, the most important risk factors were found to be (in order of importance): craniofacial malformation, CMV infection, and familial factors.ConclusionsABR is an important clinical tool in the identification and quantification of hearing impairment. In neonatal
screening it is preferable first to consider populations with a high probability of developing hearing losses.
OUTCOMES FOR PATIENTS WITH SLOPING HEARING LOSS
GIVEN STANDARD COCHLEAR IMPLANTS
Authors: Moran Michelle , Dowell Richard , Umansky Arielle , Briggs Robert , Corbett Susannah 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThis study examined the speech perception outcomes for postlingually deafened adults using cochlear implants
who preoperatively had steeply sloping hearing loss and in whom there was no attempt at electroacoustic stimulation. The
aims were firstly to determine whether patients with sloping loss (SL) who received a standard-length cochlear implant electrode would show significant benefit; and secondly to compare the degree of benefit to a matched group of cochlear implant
users with preoperative profound hearing loss.Material and MethodsA retrospective analysis of pre- and post-implant speech perception scores of 27 adults with sloping
hearing loss and a matched group of 27 adults with profound hearing loss was conducted. Matching was based on age at implant and duration of loss. All were implanted with a Nucleus Freedom (CA) or a Nucleus 5 implant.ResultsPostoperative open-set speech perception testing demonstrated significant improvement compared to pre-implant for
both groups. Speech perception outcomes were better in the SL group; however, there was no significant difference between
the groups in the degree of improvement pre- to post-operatively under either the condition of implant alone or binaurally.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that postlingually deafened adults with sloping hearing loss have the potential to gain
significant benefit from cochlear implants, and achieve equivalent improvement in speech perception to implant recipients
with profound loss. The results achieved in this group, without any attempt at hearing preservation, support the use of newer
standard-length electrodes for both hearing preservation and optimal electric stimulation in patients with sloping hearing loss.
COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION IN CONGENITALLY DEAF
CHILDREN WITH ISOLATED LARGE VESTIBULAR AQUEDUCT:
A SURGEON’S PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Pradhananga Rabindra , Thomas John , Natarajan Kiran , Sampathkumar Raghunandhan , Kameswaran Mohan 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe vestibular aqueduct is a bony canal containing the endolymphatic duct. Its average diameter is 0.6 to 1.5 mm
at its midpoint between the crus communes and its opening at the posterior cranial fossa. If the radiographic diameter at this
point is more than 1.5 mm, it is considered a case of large vestibular aqueduct (LVA). It is the most common radiographically detectable inner ear anomaly in congenital hearing loss. LVA with hearing loss is described as LVA syndrome (LVAS). In
children with LVA, cochlear implantation has been proven to be effective in increasing both auditory perception and speech
and language development.Material and MethodsThe study was carried out from March 2009 to March 2014 on 9 isolated LVAS cases among 406 congenitally deaf children who had been implanted at the Madras ENT Research Foundation (MERF), Chennai, India. This observational study is focused on pre-operative assessment, surgical issues, and postoperative follow-up.ResultsFive males and four females less than six years old were detected with LVAS. There was a pulsatile stapes in five cases and a CSF gusher in eight cases. CSF gushers were well controlled during surgery by tightly sealing the insertion site with
soft tissue. An intraoperative mannitol drip was used in six patients and fibrin glue in three. Postoperative oral acetazolamide was used routinely in cases of CSF gusher. No early postoperative complications were seen. Intraoperative impedance
and neural telemetry were all satisfactory.ConclusionsCochlear implantation in LVAS is feasible and effective. However, CSF gushers are common and require appropriate management and follow-up.
CORTICAL AUDITORY EVOKED POTENTIALS
IN TWO PRELINGUALLY DEAFENED ADULTS
Authors: Abraham Aju , Prakash Hari , Rajashekhar Bellur , Yerraguntla Krishna 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundIt has been reported that in prelingually deafened adults there is maturation of the late latency response (LLR)
after rehabilitation using cochlear implants. Other evidence suggests that the auditory system, like any other sensory system,
receives multimodal stimulation, a factor which could help the auditory system mature even in the absence of any auditory input. The current study was done on two prelingually deaf adults who had not received rehabilitation, and their latencies were
within the normal mature range, suggesting their auditory cortex responses were maturely developed prior to rehabilitation.Material and MethodsTwo male participants took part in the study: one was 21 years old and the other was 36, and both
had congenital profound hearing loss. Using pure tone thresholds obtained earlier, a strong class hearing aid (Siemens Infiniti
Pro SP) was programmed using NOAH software and fitted to the right ear using the NALNL-1 fitting formula. As an objective measure of verification of hearing aid effect, auditory P1, N1, P2, and N2 were recorded using the free-field facility available in the IHS SmartEP system: a 1000 Hz pure tone was presented at 70 dB SPL (30 dB SL) and 50 dB SPL (10 dB SL) from
a loudspeaker at a distance of 1 m and 45° angle.ResultsThe latencies of P1, N1, P2, and N2 for both participants were recorded for 70 and 90 dB HL; all latencies were well
within normal limits.ConclusionsThe results indicate that, with adequate amplification, a mature response from the auditory cortex can be obtained even in adults who have profound hearing loss and who have been deprived of auditory stimuli since a prelingual age
RESULTS OF COCHLEAR IMPLANTATION IN CHILDREN WITH
CONGENITAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION VERSUS GJB2
MUTATION
Authors: Ferreira Raquel , Martins Jorge , Alves Marisa , Oliveira Jose , Silva Luis , Ribeiro Carlos , Paiva Antonio 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundChildren with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection face a bigger risk of neurological deficits and developmental delays associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Their rehabilitation with a cochlear implant (CI) may
therefore be inferior to the paediatric population in general. This study describes post-implant outcomes in children with
CMV-related deafness and compares them to children with genetic deafness caused by GJB2 mutation (connexin 26) rehabilitated at the Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal.Material and MethodsWe conducted a revision of 11 children with profound hearing loss caused by congenital CMV infection rehabilitated with a CI in our institution. The children were divided into 3 groups according to age of implantation
(<2 years, 2–3 years, >3 years) and their performance was compared to a group of children with genetic hearing loss caused
by GJB2 mutation. To compare performance the following tests were applied: SIR, CAP, vocal characteristics evaluation grid
(VCEG), MAIS, and MUSS.ResultsWe found no differences between the two groups in terms of hearing thresholds obtained with a CI. In spite of a wider spread of results in the CMV group, there were no significant statistical differences in the SIR and VCEG tests or in the
MAIS and MUSS questionnaires. There was a significant difference in the CAP test (p=0.049) where the GJB2 group had superior results.ConclusionsThe present study has shown that the CMV group had poorer results for the CAP test and a wider spread of results in the other tests. However, the CMV group attained results comparable to children with profound hearing loss and no
other deficit, and benefited from rehabilitation with a cochlear implant.
COCHLEAR IMPLANTS AND TELEPHONE USE:
PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT IN ADULT PATIENTS
Authors: Martins Jorge , Alves Marisa , Ramos Daniela , Alves Helena , Quadros Jorge , Ribeiro Carlos , Paiva António 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundUsing the telephone for everyday communication and social interaction allows the profoundly deaf patient who
uses a cochlear implant to increase their independence and self-esteem. Being able to use the telephone presupposes the ability to perceive speech without the aid of lipreading or any other visual cue.ObjectiveThis paper aims to evaluate speech perception performance through the telephone in adult users of cochlear implantsStudy sample200 adult patients who had used a cochlear implant for a minimum of 1 year were evaluated with speech perception tests (words and sentences) in free-field and through the telephone. They were divided into two groups: group I, composed of individuals who used the telephone in everyday life, and group II, individuals who did not use it.ResultsThe results showed statistically significant differences in free-field tonal and vocal thresholds between both groups,
with better performance from group I. When the speech perception test results in free-field and through the telephone were
compared, for both groups the performance was better in free-field.ConclusionsThe results showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups, with better performance from
group I in all tests.
VARIABILITY OF DISTORTION PRODUCT OTOACOUSTIC
EMISSIONS AT 10, 12, AND 16 KHZ: A PRELIMINARY
STUDY
Authors: Piłka Edyta , Jędrzejczak W. , Trzaskowski Bartosz , Skarżyński Henryk 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundDistortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) are usually measured up to 8 kHz. However some systems
can measure DPOAEs up to 16 kHz. Therefore the aim of the study was to verify reliability of DPOAEs at 10, 12, and 16 kHz.
The single- and multiple-fit options were compared.Material and MethodsDPOAEs were measured in subjects with normal hearing who had hearing thresholds better or equal
to 25 dB HL for frequencies from 0.25 to 16 kHz. DPOAEs were measured at frequencies of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 16 kHz.
The main focus was on the 10–16 kHz range, while 1–8 kHz served as a comparison. Each recording session consisted of three
measurements. The first two were made consecutively without taking out the probe – single-fit mode. The third measurement
was made after taking out and refitting the probe – multiple-fit mode.ResultsResults indicated that the inter-measurement variability was higher for frequencies in the 8–16 kHz range than in the
1–6 kHz range. Additionally, the variability was higher when multiple-fit was used compared to single-fit.ConclusionsMeasurement of DPOAEs at frequencies higher than 8 kHz seems reliable; however, DPOAEs at these frequencies have greater variability than those at lower frequencies.
COMPUTER-AIDED VOICE PITCH THERAPY IN AURALLY
IMPAIRED STUDENTS
Authors: Plutecka Katarzyna , Zielinska Jolanta 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe aim was to measure, evaluate, and improve voice pitch characteristics (measured on the basis of the average fundamental frequency, Fx), in students aged 10–12 who had substantial or severe hearing loss and were fitted with hearing aids. Two core questions were asked: (i) Is therapy using the PCLX Laryngograph Processor effective? (ii) Which factors
affect the outcome of therapy?Material and MethodsTherapy based on a multimedia computer workstation using the PCLX Laryngograph Processor is
proposed, a system capable of visualizing voiced speech using electroglotography. The study is constructed as a pedagogical
experiment, using parallel groups and Mill’s method of difference.ResultsPretest results show that, prior to therapy sessions, both groups (experimental and control) were largely equivalent
with respect to voice pitch characteristics. In total, 49 students exhibited anomalous voice pitch characteristics while 14 cases could be described as unstable (with pitch sometimes correct, but not consistently so). Correlations between concomitant
variables and the effectiveness of the therapeutic process were found. In particular, intelligence and visual-motor coordination
played a significant role. Variables such as learning speed, working memory capacity, forgetfulness, time since onset of hearing loss, and degree of aural impairment seem to be less important. Improvements appeared to depend on the subject’s family environment and were largely independent of age and degree of hearing loss.ConclusionsThe research has shown that in most aurally impaired subjects voice pitch is too high and needs to be corrected. The proposed therapy is shown to be highly effective, producing persistent long-term improvements, especially in the case
of younger students.