bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Varian’s SmartAdapt for clinical use in radiation therapy for patients with thoracic lesions
Authors: Vickress Jason , Rangel Baltazar Maria Alejandra , Afsharpour Hossein 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionDeformable image registration (DIR) is a required tool in any adaptive radiotherapy program to help account for anatomical changes that occur during a multifraction treatment. SmartAdapt is a DIR tool from Varian incorporated within the eclipse treatment planning system, that can be used for contour propagation and transfer of PET, MRI, or computed tomography (CT) data. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the registration and contour propagation accuracy of SmartAdapt for thoracic CT studies using the guidelines from AAPM TG 132.MethodsTo evaluate the registration accuracy of SmartAdapt the mean target registration error (TRE) was measured for ten landmarked 4DCT images from the https://www.dir‐labs.com/ which included 300 landmarks matching the inspiration and expiration phase images. To further characterize the registration accuracy, the magnitude of deformation for each 4DCT was measured and compared against the mean TRE for each study.Contour propagation accuracy was evaluated using 22 randomly selected lung cancer cases from our center where there was either a replan, or the patient was treated for a new lesion within the lung. Contours evaluated included the right and left lung, esophagus, spinal canal, heart and the GTV and the results were quantified using the DICE similarity coefficient.ResultsThe mean TRE from all ten cases was 1.89 mm, the maximum mean TRE per case was 3.8 mm from case #8, which also had the most landmark pairs with displacements >2 cm. For contour propagation accuracy, the DICE coefficient results for left lung, right lung, heart, esophagus, and spinal canal were 0.93, 0.94, 0.90, 0.61, and 0.82 respectively.ConclusionThe results from our study demonstrate that for thoracic images SmartAdapt in most cases will be accurate to below 2 mm in registration error unless there is deformation greater than 2 cm.
Polymeric Antioxidant Materials for Treatment of Inflammatory Disorders
Authors: Yeo Jiwon , Lee Junseok , Lee Sanggi , Kim Won Jong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractReactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) play a key role in physiological conditions as signaling molecules for regulating homeostasis in the human body. However, abnormally increased RONS levels can damage DNA, protein, and tissue, or even impair cellular signaling. Consequently, when this state is present for a long time, it can lead to severe inflammatory disorders, such as lupus, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and neurodegenerative disorders. Although antioxidant therapies have been developed for a long time to treat acute or chronic inflammatory diseases, small molecule‐based antioxidants showed relatively low therapeutic effects due to rapid clearance and low stability in the bloodstream. As one of the solutions to overcome such limitations, incorporating polymers would provide enhanced blood stability, bioavailability, and even enhanced therapeutic effects. Herein, diverse polymeric antioxidant materials are introduced that are categorized into simple loading strategies and polymers with inherent antioxidative activity. Further, preclinical and clinical studies of polymeric antioxidant materials for anti‐inflammatory therapy are discussed and a better direction is provided for these to be pursued and improved in anti‐inflammatory therapy.
Fe‐Based Catalysts for the Direct Photohydrogenation of CO2 to Value‐Added Hydrocarbons
Authors: Li Zhenhua , Liu Jinjia , Shi Run , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Wen Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Tierui 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe solar‐driven conversion of CO2 into carbon‐based fuels and other valuable chemical feedstocks is actively being pursued as an approach for curbing greenhouse gas emissions. Herein, a series of novel Fe‐based catalysts with different chemical compositions are successfully fabricated through the hydrogen reduction of MgFeAl‐layered double hydroxide nanosheets at temperatures from 300 to 700 °C. The catalysts obtained are denoted herein as Fe‐x, where x is the reduction temperature in celsius. Fe‐500 offers outstanding activity for the photothermal conversion of CO2 to C2+ hydrocarbons under ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) irradiation (CO2 conversion 50.1%, C2+ selectivity 52.9%). Characterization studies using X‐ray diffraction, extended X‐ray absorption fine structure, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy determine that the Fe‐500 catalyst is comprised of Fe and FeOx nanoparticles on a MgO–Al2O3 mixed metal oxide support. Density functional theory calculations establish that heterostructures consisting of partially oxidized metallic Fe nanoparticles improve the CC coupling ability of CO2 hydrogenation intermediates, thus enhancing the selectivity to C2+ products. This work introduces a novel photothermal hydrogenation strategy for converting CO2 into valuable chemicals and also opens new avenues toward the development of related solar energy utilization schemes.
Thirty‐six years of no‐tillage regime altered weed population dynamics in soybean
Authors: Govindasamy Prabhu , Sarangi Debalin , Provin Tony , Hons Frank , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChanges to tillage practices can impact weed species composition and population dynamics in arable fields. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the impact of long‐term (36 yr) no‐tillage (NT) and conventional‐tillage (CT) systems on weed species composition, density, seedling emergence, and diversity, in a continuous soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] system in Southeast Texas. Results from 2016 and 2017 observations showed that weed species composition varied between CT and NT, and the total density was greater in NT (14 and 86 plants m–2 for summer and winter annuals, respectively) compared to CT (3 and 45 plants m–2, respectively). Moreover, tall waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer], prostrate spurge [Chamaesyce humistrata (Engelm. ex Gray) Small], and red sprangletop [Dinebra panicea (Retz.) P.M. Peterson & N. Snow] emergence was delayed in NT compared to CT. Vertical distribution (70‐cm depth) of viable weed seeds in the soil profile was also influenced by tillage regime; greater proportion of weed seeds were present on the soil surface (0–5 cm) in NT (57–80% among different species) compared to CT (38–56%). However, weed diversity indices did not differ between CT and NT. Results indicate that long‐term NT, even with herbicide management, can lead to greater weed densities with a shift towards small‐seeded annual species (common purslane [Portulaca oleraceae L.], parsley‐piert [Aphanes arvensis L.], cutleaf groundcherry [Physalis angulate L.]). Growers transitioning to NT should be cognizant of potential changes to weed population dynamics as a result of altered tillage regime and devise strategies for effective management.
Swine producer willingness to pay for Tier 1 disease risk mitigation under multifaceted ambiguity
Authors: Lee Jiwon , Schulz Lee L. , Tonsor Glynn T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUnderstanding producers' risk perceptions of foreign animal diseases and their willingness to participate in prevention efforts is crucial for effective policymaking and communication strategies, yet there is limited empirical evidence to support initiatives. Using results from a 2017 survey of U.S. swine producers, we test whether producers' subjective risk perceptions affect their willingness to pay for interventions that could reduce potential foreign animal disease losses. Then, controlling for subjective risk perceptions, we determine the relative and total impacts of different representations of ambiguity on willingness to pay. Our results indicate that producers have a mean willingness to pay of $0.581 per pig per year. We find no difference in willingness to pay under alternative representations of ambiguity characterized by probability of occurrence, damage, and damage duration. Rather, a producer with a higher subjective belief in the probability of a foreign animal disease outbreak in the U.S. swine industry, a higher level of formal education, operating as a contractor or integrator, and owning a truck‐wash has a higher willingness to pay. Also, the number of market hogs sold annually is an important determinant of willingness to pay for foreign animal disease risk mitigation. [EconLit citations: D81, Q11, Q18]
Expanding the Structural Diversity of Protein Building Blocks with Noncanonical Amino Acids Biosynthesized from Aromatic Thiols
Authors: Wang Yong , Chen Xiaoxu , Cai Wenkang , Tan Linzhi , Yu Yutong , Han Boyang , Li Yuxuan , Xie Yuanzhe , Su Yeyu , Luo Xiaozhou , Liu Tao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIncorporation of structurally novel noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins is valuable for both scientific and biomedical applications. To expand the structural diversity of available ncAAs and to reduce the burden of chemically synthesizing them, we have developed a general and simple biosynthetic method for genetically encoding novel ncAAs into recombinant proteins by feeding cells with economical commercially available or synthetically accessible aromatic thiols. We demonstrate that nearly 50 ncAAs with a diverse array of structures can be biosynthesized from these simple small‐molecule precursors by hijacking the cysteine biosynthetic enzymes, and the resulting ncAAs can subsequently be incorporated into proteins via an expanded genetic code. Moreover, we demonstrate that bioorthogonal reactive groups such as aromatic azides and aromatic ketones can be incorporated into green fluorescent protein or a therapeutic antibody with high yields, allowing for subsequent chemical conjugation.
The scattering of scalar fields in the Newtonian approximation
Authors: Chen Jian‐Ling , Gao Zhi‐Fu , Li Yong‐Hong , Ma Zi‐Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, by using a perturbation theory, we evaluate the scattering solution to Schrödinger equation under the Newtonian gravitational potential. We find that the scattering amplitude f(θ) depends on the potential U, which is composed of the external part Uex and the internal part Uin, respectively. The above results are related to the mass density of a rotating Maclaurin spheroid. In the future, we will further analyze the sensitivity of scattering amplitude to the change of average mass density of the spheroid.
Multidisciplinary Treatment of Deep Non‐Carious Cervical Lesion With a CAD/CAM Chairside Restoration in Combination With Periodontal Surgery: A 60‐Month Follow‐Up Technique Report
Authors: Durán Juan C. , Alarcón Carolina , De la Jara Dolores , Pino Rodrigo , Lanis Alejandro 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionRestoring function and esthetics are essential aspects of periodontology and restorative dentistry. Depending on their extension and the tissues involved, the treatment of non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) associated with gingival recessions may require a multidisciplinary approach, and different periodontal and restorative techniques have been described.Case PresentationThis case report presents an innovative approach to treat a deep NCCL combined with a gingival recession in a canine region of a female patient.A Computer Aided Design – Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) chairside ceramic restoration in combination with mucogingival surgery procedures is described. A comprehensive analysis of the selected approach and its clinical implications is presented based on a 60‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsAfter 60‐month follow‐up, clinical condition maintained stable, and a successful esthetic outcome was accomplished. Complete root coverage was achieved and kept throughout the whole period of tracing.
A Structural View on the Stereospecificity of Plant Borneol‐Type Dehydrogenases
Authors: Chánique Andrea M. , Dimos Nicole , Drienovská Ivana , Calderini Elia , Pantín Mónica P. , Helmer Carl P. O. , Hofer Michael , Sieber Volker , Parra Loreto P. , Loll Bernhard , Kourist Robert 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe development of sustainable processes for the valorization of byproducts and other waste streams remains an ongoing challenge in the field of catalysis. Racemic borneol, isoborneol and camphor are currently produced from α‐pinene, a side product from the production of cellulose. The pure enantiomers of these monoterpenoids have numerous applications in cosmetics and act as reagents for asymmetric synthesis, making an enzymatic route for their separation into optically pure enantiomers a desirable goal. Known short‐chain borneol‐type dehydrogenases (BDHs) from plants and bacteria lack the required specificity, stability or activity for industrial utilization. Prompted by reports on the presence of pure (−)‐borneol and (−)‐camphor in essential oils from rosemary, we set out to investigate dehydrogenases from the genusSalviaand discovered a dehydrogenase with high specificity (E>120) and high specific activity (>0.02 U mg−1) for borneol and isoborneol. Compared to other specific dehydrogenases, the one reported here shows remarkably higher stability, which was exploited to obtain the first three‐dimensional structure of an enantiospecific borneol‐type short‐chain dehydrogenase. This, together with docking studies, led to the identification of a hydrophobic pocket in the enzyme that plays a crucial role in the stereo discrimination of bornane‐type monoterpenoids. The kinetic resolution of borneol and isoborneol can be easily integrated into the existing synthetic route from α‐pinene to camphor thereby allowing the facile synthesis of optically pure monoterpenols from an abundant renewable source.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Ring‐Strained Noncanonical Amino Acids for Residue‐Specific Bioorthogonal Reactions in Living Cells
Authors: Reinkemeier Christopher D. , Koehler Christine , Sauter Paul F. , Shymanska Nataliia V. , Echalier Cecile , Rutkowska Anna , Will David W. , Schultz Carsten , Lemke Edward A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBioorthogonal reactions are ideally suited to selectively modify proteins in complex environments, even in vivo. Kinetics and product stability of these reactions are crucial parameters to evaluate their usefulness for specific applications. Strain promoted inverse electron demand Diels–Alder cycloadditions (SPIEDAC) between tetrazines and strained alkenes or alkynes are particularly popular, as they allow ultrafast labeling inside cells. In combination with genetic code expansion (GCE)‐a method that allows to incorporate noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) site‐specifically into proteins in vivo. These reactions enable residue‐specific fluorophore attachment to proteins in living mammalian cells. Several SPIEDAC capable ncAAs have been presented and studied under diverse conditions, revealing different instabilities ranging from educt decomposition to product loss due to β‐elimination. To identify which compounds yield the best labeling inside living mammalian cells has frequently been difficult. In this study we present a) the synthesis of four new SPIEDAC reactive ncAAs that cannot undergo β‐elimination and b) a fluorescence flow cytometry based FRET‐assay to measure reaction kinetics inside living cells. Our results, which at first sight can be seen conflicting with some other studies, capture GCE‐specific experimental conditions, such as long‐term exposure of the ring‐strained ncAA to living cells, that are not taken into account in other assays.
Sol−Gel Processing of Water‐Soluble Carbon Nitride Enables High‐Performance Photoanodes**
Authors: Adler Christiane , Krivtsov Igor , Mitoraj Dariusz , dos Santos‐Gómez Lucía , García‐Granda Santiago , Neumann Christof , Kund Julian , Kranz Christine , Mizaikoff Boris , Turchanin Andrey , Beranek Radim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn spite of the enormous promise that polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) materials hold for various applications, the fabrication of high‐quality, binder‐free PCN films and electrodes has been a largely elusive goal to date. Here, we tackle this challenge by devising, for the first time, a water‐based sol−gel approach that enables facile preparation of thin films based on poly(heptazine imide) (PHI), a polymer belonging to the PCN family. The sol−gel process capitalizes on the use of a water‐soluble PHI precursor that allows formation of a non‐covalent hydrogel. The hydrogel can be deposited on conductive substrates, resulting in formation of mechanically stable polymeric thin layers. The resulting photoanodes exhibit unprecedented photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance in alcohol reforming and highly selective (∼100 %) conversions with very high photocurrents (>0.25 mA cm−2 under 2 sun) down to <0 V vs. RHE. This enables even effective PEC operation under zero‐bias conditions and represents the very first example of a ‘soft matter’‐based PEC system capable of bias‐free photoreforming. The robust binder‐free films derived from sol−gel processing of water‐soluble PCN thus constitute a new paradigm for high‐performance ‘soft matter’ photoelectrocatalytic systems and pave the way for further applications in which high‐quality PCN films are required.
How good are clinicians in predicting the presence ofPseudomonasspp. in diabetic foot infections? A prospective clinical evaluation
Authors: Uçkay Ilker , Holy Dominique , Schöni Madlaina , Waibel Felix W. A. , Trache Tudor , Burkhard Jan , Böni Thomas , Lipsky Benjamin A. , Berli Martin C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe most frequently prescribed empirical antibiotic agents for mild and moderate diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are amino‐penicillins and second‐generation cephalosporins that do not coverPseudomonasspp. Many clinicians believe they can predict the involvement ofPseudomonasin a DFI by visual and/or olfactory clues, but no data support this assertion.MethodsIn this prospective observational study, we separately asked 13 experienced (median 11 years) healthcare workers whether they thought thePseudomonasspp. would be implicated in the DFI. Their predictions were compared with the results of cultures of deep/intraoperative specimens and/or the clinical remission of DFI achieved with antibiotic agents that did not coverPseudomonas.ResultsAmong 221 DFI episodes in 88 individual patients, intraoperative tissue cultures grewPseudomonasin 22 cases (10%, including six bone samples). The presence ofPseudomonaswas correctly predicted with a sensitivity of 0.32, specificity of 0.84, positive predictive value of 0.18 and negative predictive value 0.92. Despite two feedbacks of the interim results and a 2‐year period, the clinicians' predictive performance did not improve.ConclusionThe combined visual and olfactory performance of experienced clinicians in predicting the presence ofPseudomonasin a DFI was moderate, with better specificity than sensitivity, and did not improve over time. Further investigations are needed to determine whether clinicians should use a negative prediction of the presence ofPseudomonasin a DFI, especially in settings with a high prevalence of pseudomonal DFIs.
N,N,N′,N′‐Tetrakis(3‐isoquinolylmethyl)‐2,6‐lutidylenediamine (3‐isoTQLN): A Fluorescent Zn2+/Cd2+ Dual Sensor as a Hybrid of 2‐Quinolyl/1‐Isoquionolyl Counterparts TQLN/1‐isoTQLN
Authors: Mikata Yuji , Takekoshi Ayaka , Kaneda Minori , Yonemura Shizuka , Aono Yuri , Matsumoto Arimasa , Konno Hideo , Burdette Shawn C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFluorescence detection of Zn2+ and Cd2+ is of continuing interest due to their significant importance in biological and environmental sciences. Strict discrimination of Zn2+ and Cd2+ by fluorescent probe molecules has still been a challenging task because of the small difference in ionic radii of these group 12 metal ions. In this study, three heptadentate fluorescent probes with a common 2,6‐lutidylenediamine core and four quinoline/isoquinoline sidearms are presented. The N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis(2‐quinolylmethyl)‐2,6‐lutidylenediamine (TQLN) exhibits Zn2+‐specific fluorescence enhancement via an excimer formation, while the N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis(1‐isoquinolylmethyl)‐2,6‐lutidylenediamine (1‐isoTQLN) responds specifically to Cd2+ at the short wavelength region by monomer emission. The N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis(3‐isoquinolylmethyl)‐2,6‐lutidylenediamine (3‐isoTQLN) responds to both Zn2+ and Cd2+ at different emission wavelengths, acting as a dual sensor with hybrid properties of TQLN and 1‐isoTQLN. Methoxy‐substituted derivatives of 1‐ and 3‐isoTQLN were also examined.
Symptom profiles and treatment status of older adults with chronic post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Rutherford Bret R. , Zilcha‐Mano Sigal , Chrisanthopolous Marika , Salzman Chloe , Zhu Carlen , Cimino Nicolas , Yehuda Rachel , Neria Yuval , Roose Steven P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveFailure to diagnose and treat post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may help explain the substantial disability, increased cognitive decline, and adverse health outcomes suffered by older adults with this disorder. To evaluate this possibility, we examined symptom differences among older and younger individuals with PTSD and measured the frequency with which older adults receive standard of care treatment.MethodsClinician‐Administered PTSD Scale for DSM (CAPS) scores were compared between younger and older adults with PTSD. Profiles were calculated for the most dominant CAPS symptom cluster reported by each participant, and the age cutoff best differentiating symptom clusters between individuals was determined. Clinical interview data (older adult sample only) were evaluated by trained raters to determine rates at which PTSD participants accessed treatment.ResultsAmong 108 individuals with PTSD, 69% of participants <67 years old had Criterion C (avoidance) symptoms as the most dominant cluster compared to 39% of participants ≥67 (p = 0.016). Eight percent of participants <67 years had Criterion E (hyperarousal) symptoms as the most dominant cluster compared to 30% of participants ≥67 (p = 0.016). Less than 25% of the older adults (N = 53 subsample) were receiving a first‐line pharmacotherapy option for PTSD, and 0% of participants were currently participating in an evidence‐based psychotherapy for PTSD.ConclusionsClinicians evaluating patients should be aware that different symptom profiles may be present between younger and older adults with PTSD. Despite their high risk for adverse neuropsychiatric and other health consequences, older adults with PTSD appear to infrequently receive first‐line clinical treatment.
Magnet effects of circuit breakers in electronic order‐driven markets: Evidence from China
Authors: Xiang Cheng , Lu Jing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSince the American stock market crash of 1987, circuit breakers have been used worldwide to protect markets against extreme concentrated volatility. The true effects of circuit breakers, however, remain controversial. We investigate four circuit‐breaker triggering events in early 2016 in China's A‐share market to examine the magnet effects of market‐wide circuit breakers. By performing more than 150,000 logit regressions on more than 30 million observations obtained from firm‐level tick‐by‐tick trading data, we find that the prices of A‐shares tend to fall further when the market approaches its downward breaker limits, which is consistent with the magnet effects hypothesis. The second layer of the breaker, which halts all trading for the rest of the day, induces larger magnet effects than the first layer, which suspends trading for 15 minutes. Our results remain robust after controlling for the potential magnet effects of firm‐specific price limits and the intraday momentum effects of positive feedback trading. Stocks with higher risk, higher attention, and lower liquidity are significantly more affected by magnet effects, while constituent stocks of the CSI 300, the designated benchmark market index of circuit breakers, are insignificantly less affected.