bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheumatoid arthritis mimicking infective endocarditis with severe aortic regurgitation and aortic root abscess: a case report
Authors: Kyhl Frederik , Rasmussen Rasmus Vedby , Lindhardsen Jesper , Smerup Morten , Fosbøl Emil L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may involve the cardiovascular system and can cause significant structural cardiac disease. RA mimicking infective endocarditis (IE) is rarely reported.

Case summary
A 46-year-old man with a medical history of seropositive RA attended a planned outpatient visit for infliximab treatment. The pre-infusion examination revealed a pulse of 41 b.p.m. and the following electrocardiogram showed 3rd degree atrioventricular block. A temporary pacemaker was inserted, and subsequent transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiograms showed severe aortic valve regurgitation with thickened cusps and thus raised suspicion of infective aortic endocarditis with root abscess. The patient underwent surgery with valve and root replacement the next day. What was thought to be IE, proved to be suppurative and granulomatous inflammation with sporadic necrosis and hyaline fibrosis, compatible with a rheumatoid nodule linked to the patient’s RA diagnosis.

Discussion
IE is a disease with high mortality and morbidity. In some cases of IE perivalvular cavities develop, most commonly abscesses and/or pseudoaneurysms, which necessitates surgery. Several conditions may mimic IE: for example, malignant and benign tumours, rheumatic diseases, and common age-related valve calcification. In patients with valvular vegetations that are ‘culture-negative’, alternative pathologies should be considered.
Fewer guns, less crime: evidence from Brazil
Authors: Schneider Rodrigo 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARY
This paper studies the effects of legislation in Brazil that banned the right to carry guns and provided for a voter referendum regarding whether to ban the sale of all firearms. Using a regression discontinuity design, I find that gun-related homicides decreased by 12.2% and gunshot wounds that were ‘intended to kill’ by 16.3%, with the reduction of the former being especially pronounced in high-crime areas and among black males. There is no evidence of substitution effect as non-gun-related homicides were not affected. Two pieces of evidence suggest that the mechanism explaining this result is a decrease in the number of people carrying guns in response to the legislation: first, the number of cases of illegal gun carrying decreased and second, only gun-related homicides taking place outside the residence were reduced. Analysis of the subsequent voter referendum, which was defeated by a wide margin, shows stronger support for the complete firearms ban in the areas more affected by gun violence.
Liquidity, hedging and the survival of North German dairy farms
Authors: Hoehl Stephan , Hess Sebastian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIncreasingly, European dairy farmers have to manage the raw milk price risk. Price hedging for raw milk and an increasing number of individual fixed-price contracts with processors are now available. However, the choice of hedging a certain share of milk output still leaves individual farmers facing a complex decision. The cash flow model in this study explains the probability of a typical northern European dairy farm surviving illiquidity over an 18-month period under common milk price volatility. The probability of farm survival was modelled in relation to available liquidity buffers and different levels of farm-specific production costs. The model allowed minimum shares of milk output to be determined, for which a fixed price should be hedged if the objective is farm survival at a given probability. Using these modelling results, practitioners are able to determine this share graphically.
Diagnostic yield and financial implications of a nationwide electrocardiographic screening programme to detect cardiac disease in the young
Authors: Dhutia Harshil , Malhotra Aneil , Finocchiaro Gherardo , Parpia Sameer , Bhatia Raghav , D’Silva Andrew , Gati Sabiha , Mellor Greg , Narain Rajay , Chandra Navin , Behr Elijah , Tome Maite , Papadakis Michael , Sharma Sanjay 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Aims
There is limited information on the role of screening with electrocardiography (ECG) for identifying cardiovascular diseases associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD) in a non-select group of adolescents and young adults in the general population.

Methods and results
Between 2012 and 2014, 26 900 young individuals (aged 14–35 years) were prospectively evaluated with a health questionnaire and ECG. Individuals with abnormal results underwent secondary investigations, the costs of which were being based on the UK National Health Service tariffs. Six hundred and seventy-five (2.5%) individuals required further investigation for an abnormal health questionnaire, 2175 (8.1%) for an abnormal ECG, and 114 (0.5%) for both. Diseases associated with young SCD were identified in 88 (0.3%) individuals of which 15 (17%) were detected with the health questionnaire, 72 (81%) with ECG and 2 (2%) with both. Forty-nine (56%) of these individuals received medical intervention beyond lifestyle modification advice in the follow-up period of 24 months. The overall cost of the evaluation process was €97 per person screened, €17 834 per cardiovascular disease detected, and €29 588 per cardiovascular disease associated with SCD detected. Inclusion of ECG was associated with a 36% cost reduction per diagnosis of diseases associated with SCD compared with the health questionnaire alone.

Conclusion
The inclusion of an ECG to a health questionnaire is associated with a five-fold increase in the ability to detect disease associated with SCD in young individuals and is more cost effective for detecting serious disease compared with screening with a health questionnaire alone.
Genetic mapping and transcriptomic characterization of a new fuzzless-tufted cottonseed mutant
Authors: Zhu Qian-Hao , Stiller Warwick , Moncuquet Philippe , Gordon Stuart , Yuan Yuman , Barnes Scott , Wilson Iain 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFiber mutants are unique and valuable resources for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms controlling initiation and development of cotton fibers that are extremely elongated single epidermal cells protruding from the seed coat of cottonseeds. In this study, we reported a new fuzzless-tufted cotton mutant (Gossypium hirsutum) and showed that fuzzless-tufted near-isogenic lines (NILs) had similar agronomic traits and a higher ginning efficiency compared to their recurrent parents with normal fuzzy seeds. Genetic analysis revealed that the mutant phenotype is determined by a single incomplete dominant locus, designated N5. The mutation was fine mapped to an approximately 250-kb interval containing 33 annotated genes using a combination of bulked segregant sequencing, SNP chip genotyping, and fine mapping. Comparative transcriptomic analysis using 0–6 days post-anthesis (dpa) ovules from NILs segregating for the phenotypes of fuzzless-tufted (mutant) and normal fuzzy cottonseeds (wild-type) uncovered candidate genes responsible for the mutant phenotype. It also revealed that the flanking region of the N5 locus is enriched with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the mutant and wild-type. Several of those DEGs are members of the gene families with demonstrated roles in cell initiation and elongation, such as calcium-dependent protein kinase and expansin. The transcriptome landscape of the mutant was significantly reprogrammed in the 6 dpa ovules and, to a less extent, in the 0 dpa ovules, but not in the 2 and 4 dpa ovules. At both 0 and 6 dpa, the reprogrammed mutant transcriptome was mainly associated with cell wall modifications and transmembrane transportation, while transcription factor activity was significantly altered in the 6 dpa mutant ovules. These results imply a similar molecular basis for initiation of lint and fuzz fibers despite certain differences.
ASNS disruption shortens CTPS cytoophidia in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Feng Han-Chao , Liu Ji-Long 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Asparagine synthetase (ASNS) and CTP synthase (CTPS) are two metabolic enzymes that catalyze the biosynthesis of asparagine and CTP, respectively. Both CTPS and ASNS have been identified to form cytoophidia in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Glutamine is a common substrate for both these enzymes, and they play an important role in glutamine homeostasis. Here, we find that the ASNS cytoophidia are shorter than the CTPS cytoophidia, and that disruption of ASNS shortens the length of CTPS cytoophidia. However, the deletion of CTPS has no effect on the formation and length of ASNS cytoophidia, or on the ASNS protein level. We also find that Asn1 overexpression induces the formation of a multi-dot structure in diauxic phase which suggests that the increased protein level may trigger cytoophidia formation. Collectively, our results reveal a connection between ASNS cytoophidia and CTPS cytoophidia.
Seismic images of the Northern Chilean subduction zone at 19°40′S, prior to the 2014 Iquique earthquake
Authors: Storch Ina , Buske Stefan , Victor Pia , Oncken Onno 
Published: January 2021

SUMMARY
The Northern Chilean subduction zone is characterized by long-term subduction erosion with very little sediment input at the trench and the lack of an accretionary prism. Here, multichannel seismic reflection (MCS) data were acquired as part of the CINCA (Crustal Investigations off- and onshore Nazca Plate/Central Andes) project in 1995. These lines cover among others the central part of the MW 8.1 Iquique earthquake rupture zone before the earthquake occurred on 1 April 2014. We have re-processed one of the lines crossing the updip parts of this earthquake at 19°40′S, close to its hypocentre. After careful data processing and data enhancement, we applied a coherency-based pre-stack depth migration algorithm, yielding a detailed depth image. The resulting depth image shows the subduction interface prior to the Iquique megathrust earthquake down to a depth of approximately 16 km and gives detailed insight into the characteristics of the seismogenic coupling zone. We found significantly varying interplate reflectivity along the plate interface which we interpret to be caused by the comparably strong reflectivity of subducted fluid-rich sediments within the grabens and half-grabens that are predominant in this area due to the subduction-related bending of the oceanic plate. No evidence was found for a subducted seamount associated to the Iquique Ridge along the slab interface at this latitude as interpreted earlier from the same data set. By comparing relocated fore- and aftershock seismicity of the Iquique earthquake with the resulting depth image, we can divide the continental wedge into two domains. First, a frontal unit beneath the lower slope with several eastward dipping back-rotated splay faults but no seismicity in the upper plate as well as along the plate interface. Secondly, a landward unit beneath the middle slope with differing reflectivity that shows significant seismicity in the upper plate as well as along the plate interface. Both units are separated by a large eastward dipping mega splay fault, the root zone of which shows diffuse seismicity, both in the upper plate and at the interface. The identification of a well-defined nearly aseismic frontal unit sheds new light on the interplate locking beneath the lower continental slope and its controls.
What Is the Significance of a FRAND License Declaration for Standard Essential Patents with Regard to their Transferability? – News from Germany
Authors: Czychowski Christian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
There has been considerable movement in German licensing law for some years now. Based on the fate of the license in the case of the granting of sub-licenses and in the case of insolvency of one of the contracting parties involved, a number of court decisions have been handed down which mainly deal with the legal nature of licenses and their mode of operation.
Moreover, there is now an internationally significant development in licensing law, namely the increasing independence of patents used in standards, which have increasingly become the subject of economic considerations – and not only of the companies or inventors filing them.1 These so-called standard essential patents (SEPs) are the subject of numerous legal disputes and legislative activities and constitute a scientific discourse around the globe.
In 2015, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) created the first leading case for the EU with regard to SEPs in its highly regarded Huawei/ZTE ruling.2 Although an abundance of decisions of the courts of first instances are now available, many questions still remain unanswered since the fundamental decision of the ECJ. There is controversy both over the dogmatic classification of the FRAND declaration and the legal consequences of the declaration’s binding effect. It is particularly unclear what happens to the FRAND declaration when the SEP is transferred to a third party and whether, how and to what extent the acquirer is bound by this declaration of the transferor. In a decision that can certainly be described as bold, a Higher Regional Court has now ruled on some of these issues for the first time, thus providing further food for discussion.3
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of maternity waiting homes in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: McRae Daphne N , Bergen Nicole , Portela Anayda G , Muhajarine Nazeem 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Maternity waiting homes (MWHs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) provide women with accommodation close to a health facility to enable timely access to skilled care at birth. We examined whether MWH use and availability compared with non-use/unavailability were associated with facility birth, birth with a skilled health professional, attendance at postnatal visit(s) and/or improved maternal and newborn health, in LMICs. We included (non-)randomized controlled, interrupted time series, controlled before–after, cohort and case–control studies published since 1990. Thirteen databases were searched with no language restrictions. Included studies (1991–2020) were assessed as either moderate (n = 9) or weak (n = 10) on individual quality using the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool. Quality was most frequently compromised by selection bias, confounding and blinding. Only moderate quality studies were analyzed; no studies examining maternal morbidity/mortality met this criterion. MWH users had less relative risk (RR) of perinatal mortality [RR 0.65, 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.48, 0.87] (3 studies) and low birthweight (RR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.59) (2 studies) compared with non-users. There were no significant differences between MWH use and non-use for stillbirth (RR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.47, 1.18) (3 studies) or neonatal mortality (RR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.25, 1.02) (2 studies). Single study results demonstrated higher adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for facility birth (aOR 5.8, 95% CI: 2.6, 13.0) and attendance at all recommended postnatal visits within 6 weeks of birth (aOR 1.99, 95% CI: 1.30, 3.07) for MWH users vs. non-users. The presence vs. absence of an MWH was associated with a 19% increase in facility birth (aOR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.29). The presence vs. absence of a hospital-affiliated MWH predicted a 47% lower perinatal mortality rate (P  &lt;  0.01), but at a healthcare centre-level a 13 higher perinatal mortality rate (P  &lt;  0.01). Currently, there remains a lack of robust evidence supporting MWH effectiveness. We outline a six-point strategy for strengthening the evidence base.
Maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of implementation factors
Authors: Kinney Mary V , Walugembe David Roger , Wanduru Phillip , Waiswa Peter , George Asha 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response (MPDSR), or any form of maternal and/or perinatal death review or audit, aims to improve health services and pre-empt future maternal and perinatal deaths. With expansion of MPDSR across low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), we conducted a scoping review to identify and describe implementation factors and their interactions. The review adapted an implementation framework with four domains (intervention, individual, inner and outer settings) and three cross-cutting health systems lenses (service delivery, societal and systems). Literature was sourced from six electronic databases, online searches and key experts. Selection criteria included studies from LMIC published in English from 2004 to July 2018 detailing factors influencing implementation of MPDSR, or any related form of MPDSR. After a systematic screening process, data for identified records were extracted and analysed through content and thematic analysis. Of 1027 studies screened, the review focuses on 58 studies from 24 countries, primarily in Africa, that are mainly qualitative or mixed methods. The literature mostly examines implementation factors related to MPDSR as an intervention, and to its inner and outer setting, with less attention to the individuals involved. From a health systems perspective, almost half the literature focuses on the tangible inputs addressed by the service delivery lens, though these are often measured inadequately or through incomparable ways. Though less studied, the societal and health system factors show that people and their relationships, motivations, implementation climate and ability to communicate influence implementation processes; yet their subjective experiences and relationships are inadequately explored. MPDSR implementation contributes to accountability and benefits from a culture of learning, continuous improvement and accountability, but few have studied the complex interplay and change dynamics involved. Better understanding MPDSR will require more research using health policy and systems approaches, including the use of implementation frameworks.
Mosaic IL6ST variant inducing constitutive GP130 cytokine receptor signaling as a cause of neonatal onset immunodeficiency with autoinflammation and dysmorphy
Authors: Materna-Kiryluk Anna , Pollak Agnieszka , Gawalski Karol , Szczawinska-Poplonyk Aleksandra , Rydzynska Zuzanna , Sosnowska Anna , Cukrowska Bożena , Gasperowicz Piotr , Konopka Ewa , Pietrucha Barbara , Grzywa Tomasz M , Banaszak-Ziemska Magdalena , Niedziela Marek , Skalska-Sadowska Jolanta , Stawiński Piotr , Śladowski Dariusz , Nowis Dominika , Ploski Rafal 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Interleukin-6 signal transducer (IL6ST) encodes the GP130 protein which transduces the proinflammatory signaling of the IL6 cytokine family through Janus kinase signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway (JAK/STAT) activation. Biallelic loss-of-function IL6ST variants cause autosomal recessive hyper-IgE syndrome or a variant of the Stuve–Wiedemann syndrome. Somatic gain-of-function IL6ST mutations, in particular, small monoallelic in-frame deletions of which the most prevalent is the IL6ST Ser187_Tyr190del, are an established cause of inflammatory hepatocellular tumors, but so far, no disease caused by such mutations present constitutively has been described. Herein, we report a pediatric proband with a novel syndrome of neonatal onset immunodeficiency with autoinflammation and dysmorphy associated with the IL6ST Tyr186_Tyr190del variant present constitutively. Tyr186_Tyr190del was found by exome sequencing and was shown to be de novo (absent in proband’s parents and siblings) and mosaic (present in approximately 15–40% of cells depending on the tissue studied—blood, urine sediment, hair bulbs and buccal swab). Functional studies were performed in the Epstein–Barr virus-immortalized patient’s B cell lymphoblastoid cell line, which carried the variant in approximately 95% of the cells. Western blot showed that the patient’s cells exhibited constitutive hyperphosphorylation of Tyr705 in STAT3, which is indicative of IL6-independent activation of GP130. Interestingly, the STAT3 phosphorylation could be inhibited with ruxolitinib as well as tofacitinib, which are clinically approved JAK1 and JAK3 (to lesser extent JAK2 and JAK1) inhibitors, respectively. Given our results and the recent reports of ruxolitinib and tofacitinib use for the treatment of diseases caused by direct activation of STAT3 or STAT1, we speculate that these drugs may be effective in the treatment of our patient’s condition.
Scenario analysis can guide aquaculture planning to meet sustainable future production goals
Authors: Couture Jessica L , Froehlich Halley E , Buck Bela H , Jeffery Keith R , Krause Gesche , Morris Jr James A , Pérez Montse , Stentiford Grant D , Vehviläinen Harri , Halpern Benjamin S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Marine aquaculture holds great promise for meeting increasing demand for healthy protein that is sustainably produced, but reaching necessary production levels will be challenging. The ecosystem approach to aquaculture is a framework for sustainable aquaculture development that prioritizes multiple-stakeholder participation and spatial planning. These types of approaches have been increasingly used to help guide sustainable, persistent, and equitable aquaculture planning, but most countries have difficulties in setting or meeting longer-term development goals. Scenario analysis (SA) for future planning uses similar approaches and can complement holistic methods, such as the ecosystem approach to aquaculture framework, by providing a temporal analogue to the spatially robust design. Here we define the SA approach to planning in aquaculture, outline how SA can benefit aquaculture planning, and review how this tool is already being used. We track the use of planning tools in the 20 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea member nations, with particular attention given to Norway’s development goals to 2050. We conclude that employing a combination of an ecosystem framework with scenario analyses may help identify the scale of development aquaculture goals over time, aid in evaluating the feasibility of the desired outcomes, and highlight potential social-ecological conflicts and trade-offs that may otherwise be overlooked.