bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparisons of Antioxidant Status in Different Sport Type Athletes
Authors: HO Ying Chih , LI Shu Ling , CHEN Fu An , HSU Mei Chich 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
This study investigated the resting levels of malondialdehyde plus 4-hydroxy 2-(E)-nonenal (MDA+4-HNE) in plasma, erythrocyte superoxide dimutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in 12 long-distance runners (LR), 12 weight lifters (WL), and 12 age match sedentary nonathletes (SN). The subjects were asked to maintain the lifestyle and original training (Monday to Friday) and were requested not to take any medicines and supplementation two weeks ago before sampling. No significant differences were found in MDA+4-HNE levels among three groups. The LR group had lower erythrocyte SOD activities than SN group (p <0.05). Additionally, the erythrocyte GSH concentrations in WL group was significantly lower than LR and SN groups (p <0.05). The results indicated that the adaptation and changes in resting antioxidant status would be different due to various exercise training modes. Furthermore, athletes should take the antioxidant supplementation appropriately to overcome the high oxidative stress cause by heavy training.
本實驗比較經長期運動訓練之12位舉重選手、12位長跑選手，以及12未受訓練的坐式生活者，其休息狀態下血液中抗氧化數 值之差異。抗氧化數據包括血漿中之MDA+4HNE，紅血球中之過氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase; SOD)之活性及穀胱甘肽(glutathione; GSH)之含量。受試者維持其原本之生活型態及訓練(星期一至星期五)，從兩個星期前即不能服用藥物及營養補充劑。結果顯示三組間血漿中脂質過氧化產物MDA+4HNE之濃度並無明顯差異，長跑選手紅血球SOD之活性明顯較坐式生活者來得低(p<.05)，舉重選手紅血球GSH含量明顯較其他兩組來得低(p<.05)。結果顯示，不同的訓練可能會造成不同型式的氧化壓力，經過長期之適應後，體內的抗氧化狀態也有所差異。此外，為了抵抗高度訓練所造成之氧化壓力，運動員應該適當的補充抗氧化劑。
Investigation of Cognitive Abilities of Indian Sport Women
Authors: SINGH Bhupinder 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
At the elite level of participation of sports the brain has to be equally tuned with the brawn for attaining the peak level performance. Rather, it is higher cortical functioning of the athlete, which helps in judging, analyzing, estimating and calculating the information at the time of execution of highly precised movements during the competition. Taking in view these facts the emphasis of sports psychology researches in these days is shifting towards the cognitive assessment of the players in the laboratory conditions. A substantive probe has taken place in this respect in male athletes however the female athletic population is still awaiting scientific consideration. Taking cognizance of this situation the present study was conducted on 192 National level Female Athletes belonging to Athletics (Track & Field), Badminton, Basketball, Cycling, Football, Gymnastics, Handball and Hockey. These female athletes were assessed on the parameters of visual and auditory reaction time, visual perceptual accuracy and visual concentration. All the subjects were individually tested with the help of Electronic Chronoscope, Muller-Lyer Illusion test and Knox-Cube Imitation test. The standard procedure of testing was followed throughout the testing programme. The results revealed number of inter group differences in the cognitive abilities of female athletes. While comparing individual and team game female athletes differences were found only in reaction­ability.
本文旨在探討印度女子運動選手的認知能力，192名印度女子國家隊選手接受測試，結果顯示，個人與隊際項目出現一些較明顯的差異。
Life Satisfaction and Wellness in Chinese College Students
Authors: PANG Jofy 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
This study aims to identify the relationship between life satisfaction and wellness in Chinese college students. A survey design was used. Based on the analysis of 338 sets of data, a significant and positive relationship between life satisfaction and wellness was established. In addition, students were found to be least satisfied with their living environment and most satisfied with their relationship with friends. Of the five dimensions of wellness, students scored the lowest in the physical dimension.
本文目的是探討本港大學生的生活滿足感與身心康盛的關係。透過分析收回的338份問卷，結果顯示同學之生活滿足感與其身心康盛有顯著的正面關係，而本港的大學生對朋輩關係之滿意程度最高，對生活環境之滿意程度則最低。在五項身心康盛的自我評估範疇中，本港大學生在身體康盛的得分最低。
Promoting Active Lifestyle through Aerobic Gymnastics Award Scheme
Authors: CHEUNG Siu Yin 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
Aerobic gymnastics is a new discipline of the International Federation of Gymnastics. It consists of gymnastic movement elements and aerobics components. The aerobic gymnastics routine is a combination of movements which are about strength (power); static strength; jumping and leaping; flexibility; and the seven basic aerobics steps. The aims of the aerobic gymnastics award scheme are to encourage active lifestyle and develop generic skills for students in Hong Kong. 140 school teachers/ coaches successfully completed the teachers’ /coaches’ training courses and conducted the aerobic gymnastics courses in their schools. Fun days were also conducted so that students performed their aerobic gymnastics routines in front to their friends and parents. At the same time, physical fitness tests were conducted for students so as to understand their physical fitness levels. In addition, three aerobic gymnastics awards were designed for students and they were awarded certificates and badges after successfully completing the routines required. Moreover, the first inter-school sports aerobics competition was conducted in 2003. Over 500 students from 60 schools had taken part in the competitions since then and more than 4500 certificates and badges had been issued in 2002-03. Positive feedback was received from teachers and students. Aerobic gymnastics can promote active lifestyle and wellbeing. It can also enhance creativity cooperation, communication and teamwork for students.
健美體操是國際體操聯盟的一項新的體操項目，它包括體操及「有氧運動」的動作。一套健美操動作有肌力、跳、柔韌等動作和基本的「有氧運動」步伐。香港體操總會於二零零零年起推廣此項目並設計健美體操獎勵計劃。計劃的目的是鼓勵香港學生常做運動和發展學生的共通能力。一百四十多位教師及教練成功完成教師/教練培訓課程後 > 便在學校教授健美體操。同學們在同樂日中向父母及親友表演健美體操套路，同時，他們也可參與體適能測試，以了解自己的體適能水平。此外，同學可透過參與健美體操獎勵計劃以挑戰自己的技能。自二零零三年首次舉辦學界健美體操比賽，至今已有五百多位來自六十所學校的學生參與，並有近四千五百位學生考獲章別以作獎勵。健美體操能推廣活躍的生活模式，同時也可培養學生的創造、協作、溝通等共通能力和團隊精神。
Body Fat Percentage and Level of Aerobic Capacity among Students from Upper Primary School
Authors: SOH K.G. , K. L. SOH K. L. , Marjohan JAMALIS Marjohan , O. F. Mohd Sofian , P.Y. LIM LIM 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
The rising standard of living in Malaysia has seen changes to its population. Obesity and other diseases of wealth are appearing in younger and younger people, resulting in the need for sports or exercise to stay fit and healthy. Studies have shown an inverse relationship between body fat percentage and aerobic capacity in children (Coleman et al., 2004). However, from the general studies, little is known specifically about Chinese primary school children. Therefore, this research aims to study the body fat and aerobic capacity of Chinese primary school children in Kajang, as possible representative of the national population. It will also ascertain whether there is any gender bias in the relationship. Two hundred and forty students were studied, from Years 4 and 5, equally divided between the sexes. The body fat percentage was determined using the skinfold method on the triceps and calf. After the fat measurement, the subjects were asked to perform the PACER bleep test to assess their aerobic capacity. The boys were found to be significantly superior in aerobic capacity (t = 1.35, p < 0.18) despite having higher body fiat. There was a low negative correlation between body fat and aerobic capacity (r = -0.28, n = 240, p < 0.01) among the children which was highly significant because of the large number of samples. In conclusion, 27.50% of the subjects were founds to have moderately high to very high percentage of body fat confirming the need to exercise to stay fit and healthy among this age group, especially among the boys.
馬來西亞的人口變化提高了人們的生活水準。肥胖和其他富貴疾病都出現于少年和年輕人，導致人們必須多做運動來保持健壯-Coleman et. al., (2004)的研究證明了兒童的體脂肪率和有氧容量之間的相反關係。然而，從一般上的研究，在華小兒童兩者之間的關係明確少知。所以，此探索的目的是研究在加影區某間華小兒童的體脂肪和有氧容量，盡可能作為國家人口的代表性。借此也探知兩者之間的關係是否有任何性別偏見。研究中共有240位由4、5年級平分的男女學生參與。研究運用測量三肌肉及腓皮膚表層的方法來固定體脂肪率。測量脂肪後，受試者需履行往返距離20米的PACER測驗來估算他們的有氧容量。儘管那些男生擁有較高的體脂肪，他們卻有卓越顯著的有氧容量(t=1.35, p<0.18)。因為受試者的人數眾多，有效的反映出兒童之間的體脂肪與有氧容量有低陰性關係(r=-0.28, n=240, p<0.01)。總結來説，14.17%的受試者擁有高或很高的體脂肪率，確認了這年齡的兒童特別是男生必需做運動來保持健壯。
Postmodern Sentiment and Teaching Physical Education
Authors: WONG Arthur Chi Tak , LOUIE Lobo Hung Tak 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
Man believed that the world was composed of man, the subject and non-human entities, the objects. Philosophy attempts to locate the nature of either subjects or objects, thus, the argument between subjectivism and objectivism. Such metaphysical arguments go on for thousands of years without coming to an agreement. Philosophers in the last century turn their attentions away from the subject - object argument. They focus on the bridge of the two - language, which is the focus of postmodernism. This paper tries to elaborate briefly the nature of post-modernity and its influence on current education practices, particularly on physical education. It is not meant to claim academic rigor in this short essay for the purpose of it is only to inform those, PE teachers in particularly, who are new to postmodern thoughts. It is only an alignment of some relevant writings gearing to this purpose.
哲學是探討應該如何活在世上、何種事物是存在的及此類事物的本質、什麼算是真的知識以及什麼是推理的正確原則的一門學科。哲學並不存在一個沒有爭議的定義，這個領域隨著時代轉變而不斷地擴張，且根據不同的時代對不同的問題也有改變。後現代主義把哲學定義為創造概念的學術、本文嘗試從哲學觀點探討後現代主義與體育教學的關係。
Evaluation on the Impact of a Soccer Training Program on the Moral Development of Teenage Participants
Authors: TSANG Eric C.K. 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
This study examined the impact of a soccer training program organized by a district social service group on the moral development of 35 teenage participants. Participants took part in the interview which aimed at finding out their attitude towards the program by understanding their intention of participation, perceived benefits, attitude towards winning and losing, and the reason of adherence. Assessment from parents and teachers were made by using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodmam, 1997). Results suggested that the program participants adopted a positive attitude towards participation by demonstrating strong team cohesion. Feedback from parents and teachers also consolidated that program participants generally demonstrated a normal behavior towards society. Base on findings from the study, recommendations were made for the launching of similar program and suggested directions for further studies.
本文根據某社區中心所舉辦之足球訓練活動，探討其對青少年品德發展的影響。研究方法包括與參加者面談、及利用問卷形式由参加者老師及家長評核其品德發展及對社會之認同。研究結果，肯定該足球訓練活動，對青少年品格發展有正面影響。本文根據研究結果，對推行類似活動提出建議，及提出將來研究的方向。
Practice of the Beginning Secondary School Physical Education Teachers
Authors: CRUZ Alberto , LI Chung 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the practice of teaching of beginning secondary school physical education teachers. The problems and the factors that confronted the teachers in their first year of work were examined. Thirteen physical education graduates of the Hong Kong Institute of Education in 2005 teaching in secondary schools were purposely invited to participate in the study. Qualitative data were collected by a combination of techniques: passive participant observation, formal and informal interviews, document analysis, and journal writing. Constant comparison and analytic induction were used to organize and categorize the data. Data generated helped to understand the confrontations faced and the influence of the workplace factors on the practices of beginning teachers. Results indicated that the teachers adjusted their practices according to their school contextual conditions during their first year of teaching. The common practices of teaching were a) instructional approach, b) lesson preparation, c) contents, and d) classroom management. The workplace impact was mainly come from their students, administrators, and work responsibilities. The participants also employed socializing strategies in order to survive in schools. Findings of the study hold implications for the development and preparation of physical education teachers with respect to the influence of organizational socialization.
本研究目的是探討新任中學體育老師的教學工作。同時亦檢視新任教師任教時所遇到的困難及影響其教學工作的因素。十三位新任中學體育老師參與是次研究。透過被動參與式觀察、正式及非正式訪問、老師反思日誌及文件分析等方法收集數據。然後以持續比較法分析資料。結果顯示影響教師教學工作因素包括學生、校內管理人員及教師工作量。教師調整教學方式及採取社會化生存策略以配合學校需要。此等結果給予體育教師發展及培訓多方面啟示。
Testing the Mental Toughness Model in the Setting of Chinese Martial Arts
Authors: PARTIKOVA Veronika 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Aim of this paper is to test the Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ) in the setting of Chinese martial arts. The target population is adult European practitioners of modern and traditional wushu. Mental toughness is an established concept of being able to perform under pressure while remaining positive and perseverant. However, it has not yet been tested on this population. It is argued that Chinese martial arts can generate unique types of pressure situations, such as dealing with pain, body to body contact, fear of sparring, and a lack of designated levels of achievement, such as a belt ranking system.
METHODS: 277 respondents (85 female) were sampled from 28 countries. The exploratory factor analysis was conducted in SPSS, and internal consistency was calculated. Confirmatory factor analysis using AMOS was used to evaluate the model fit.
RESULTS: The EFA resulted in losing four items, with two items switching places on the components. The model reached a good fit of x 2/df = 1.307, IFI = .965, CFI = .963 and RMSEA = .047.
CONCLUSIONS: This paper provided the validation of the SMTQ scale for a Chinese martial arts setting. Researching mental skills in the specific environment of Chinese martial arts may be a fruitful direction for further research, especially when developing a mental skills training program for this population. The modified model resulting from this study is the first step in this respect. Moreover, it confirms the recently discussed multidimensionality of the mental toughness model.
Exergaming for children with probable developmental coordination disorder (p-DCD)/DCD
Authors: MA Wai Wing Ada , WONG Hoi Ling Joanne 
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of exergaming for improving balance, eye–hand coordination (EHC), and exercise enjoyment among children with special educational needs (SEN) and probable developmental coordination disorder (p-DCD). This study adopted a single-group intervention with paired results. Nine primary school students (seven boys and two girls, aged 7–10 years) were recruited and underwent a 3-month exergaming intervention involving three 30-minute sessions per week. Xbox One Kinect was used under the supervision of the researchers and physical education (PE) teachers. Pre- and post-intervention scores were calculated for data analysis. Motor performance was assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children – Second Edition Test. The participants’ gaming experiences were captured using Fun Toolkit. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed significant improvements in balance and EHC, but no significant differences in enjoyment scores. The findings indicated a positive impact of exergaming on primary school students with SEN and motor problems. The outcomes indicate that exergaming is an effective strategy for improving motor skills in children with SEN and p-DCD/DCD. Therefore, exergaming could be incorporated into PE curricula to motivate students to participate in physical activities in order to improve their physical health and well-being.
本研究探討虛擬遊戲對改善有特殊教育需要（SEN）和（潛在）發育協調障礙的兒童的平衡、眼手協調和享受運動的功效。九名小學生參加為期三個月，每週三次30分鐘的訓練。訓練前後的遊戲分數、運動表現和遊戲體驗都被分析。研究結果顯示平衡力和眼手協調顯著地改善，但享受度沒有明顯差異。這說明虛擬遊戲對有SEN和動作協調問題的小學生有積極影響，改善運動技能。因此，將這納入體育課程，可鼓勵學生參加體能活動，改善身心健康。
Minireview: Formulasi Obat Kumur Ekstrak Daun Ketul (Bidens pilosa)
Authors: Meira Gracelynn , Iwansyah Assidiq Zidane , Santoso Hadinata , Wahjudi Mariana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract— Ketul (Bidens pilosa L) is weed plant that has antibacterial properties. The potential of this plant has not been developed yet in Indonesia. We conducted a literature study about this plant use for herbal mouthwash. The purposes of this study were to determine components of Ketul leaf with antibacterial activity, to know the extraction solvent, to determine the method for antibacterial activity, and to predict the characteristics and components of herbal mouthwash formula. The results showed that Ketul leaf contains tannins, cardiac glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids which could inhibit the growth of various bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans. Hence the mouthwash is predicted to have antibacterial activity. The safe extraction solvent widely used was 70-80% ethanol. The Ketul leaf extract has the potential to be applied in herbal mouthwash formula. Other characteristic can be adjusted to meet the requirements as herbal mouthwash, which are pH between 5-7, the viscosity value near water viscosity value (1cP), stable during storage, and color is brownish yellow. Some common additives were added in mouthwash to improve the flavors and taste, such as sorbitol, tween-80, peppermint oil, and sodium benzoate.Keywords: antibacterial activity, solvent, Streptococcus mutans, weed
Abstrak— Ketul (Bidens pilosa L) merupakan tumbuhan gulma yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Potensi tumbuhan ini belum banyak dikembangkan di Indonesia. Pada tulisan ini telah dilakukan kajian pustaka pemanfaatan Ketul untuk obat kumur herbal. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komponen ekstrak daun Ketul yang berkhasiat antibakteri, mengetahui pelarut ekstraksi, metode penentuan aktivitas antibakteri obat kumur, dan prediksi karakteristik dan komponen obat kumur herbal daun Ketul. Hasil penelusuran pustaka menunjukkan bahwa daun Ketul mengandung tannin, glikosida jantung, saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, dan terpenoid, yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan berbagai bakteri, termasuk Streptococcus mutans sehingga obat kumur kemungkinan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Pelarut aman yang banyak digunakan untuk ekstraksi komponen fitokimia tersebut adalah etanol 70-80%. Penentuan daya antibakteri dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi agar atau pengenceran. Ekstrak daun Ketul berpotensi digunakan dalam formula obat kumur herbal. Selain potensi antibakterinya, karakteristik lainnya dapat diatur untuk memenuhi syarat formula obat kumur herbal yaitu pH berkisar 5-7, nilai viskositas mendekati nilai viskositas air (1cP), stabilitas dapat tetap terjaga selama penyimpanan dan kemungkinan obat kumur berwarna kuning kecoklatan. Beberapa bahan tambahan, seperti sorbitol, tween-80, peppermint oil, dan natrium benzoate, merupakan bahan tambahan yang aman dan umum digunakan untuk menambah cita rasa dan stabilitas formula obat kumur herbal ekstrak daun Ketul.Kata kunci: aktivitas antibakteri, gulma, pelarut, Streptococcus mutans
REPRESENTASI SIMBOLIS OBJEK-OBJEK MINIATUR DALAM LUKISAN
Authors: Batoory Amin 
Published: March 2021

Karya seni merupakan salah satu media untuk berekspresi serta kemampuan kreatif manusia dalam menanggapi pengalaman hidupnya. Pengalaman hidup, pandangan-pandangan dan ekspresi yang muncul menjadi ide dan gagasan yang kemudian diolah menjadi simbol-simbol dan metafora, diwujudkan menjadi sebuah karya seni.Penciptaan karya muncul karena adanya ketertarikan terhadap keindahan sejarah dan budaya serta keinginan untuk memberikan informasi yang lebih luas tentang kebudayaan Timur Tengah dan sejarah Afghanistan. Afghanistan yang dilanda perang berkepanjangan pernah menjadi bagian pusat peradaban kuno karena letaknya di jalur sutra. Lubang kosong tempat dimana patung Buddha raksasa di Bamiyan berdiri merupakan saksi bisu peradaban yang diterpa perang berkepanjangan. Ketidaktahuan akan sejarah menghasilkan sebuah perilaku yang fatal. Penyangkalan sejarah berarti penyangkalan identitas suatu wilayah sehingga sebuah bangsa merasa tidak memiliki akar dan merasa kerdil. Proses mengekspresikan gagasan kedalam wujud karya lukis diwujudkan dengan karakter-karakter miniatur dan artefak-artefak dari Afghanistan yang diadaptasi dimana tiap figur menceritakan ceritanya sendiri sebagai bagian dari narasi yang kompleks. Cerita-cerita yang dikisahkan adalah tentang mencari perubahan dalam lingkungan yang tidak ramah, pergolakan antara diri sendiri dengan dunia luar untuk mencari jalan yang lebih baik. Kata kunci: miniatur, simbol, metafora, Bamiyan Afghanistan, seni lukis
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COLORS AND COLOR THERAPY
Authors: Saxena Sangita 
Published: March 2021

The entire fabric of life is made of colors, whether our clothes are yes, home, or car. Everyone is identified with colors. Colors have specific effects on human life and mind. Color is a valuable gift of nature and also the beauty of human life. The redness of the dawn, the blue sky, the gray mountains, the straw, the green plants and the trees, the turquoise sea - everything unique and wonderful. The relationship between man and nature is also unbreakable. Sometimes Basanti yellow, sometimes greenery sawan, sometimes Sitabh and sometimes Tamavruta night. This is also the journey of man's life. Sometimes golden hope and sometimes disappointment. The cloudy sky blurts the mind as well, the rays of the sun rip it off, making everything clear. If there is no color in life, then it will become very dry and dry.
जीवन का समूचा ताना-बाना रंगों से बना है, चाहे हमारे वस्त्र हांे, घर हो, या गाड़ी हो। सबकी पहचान रंगों के साथ है। रंगों का मनुष्य के जीवन और मन पर विशिष्ट प्रभाव होता है। रंग प्रकृति की बहुमूल्य देन है और मानव के जीवन का सौंदर्य भी। उषाकाल की लालिमा, नीलाभ नभ, भूरे पहाड़, तिनकों, पौधों और पेड़ों की हरिताभा, फीरोज़ी समुद्र- सबकुछ विशिष्ट और अद्भुत। मनुष्य और प्रकृति का संबंध भी अटूट है। कभी बसंती पीला तो कभी हरियाला सावन, कभी सिताभ तो कभी तमावृता रात। ऐसे ही मनुष्य की जीवन-यात्रा भी है। कभी सुनहली आशा तो कभी निराशा की कालिमा। मेघाच्छादित आकाश मन को भी धुँधला देता है तो उसे चीरती सूर्य की किरण, सबकुछ स्पष्ट करने वाली। यदि जीवन में रंग न हांे तो बहुत शुष्क और नीरस हो जाए।