bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of an Optimization Pipeline of Asymmetric PCR Towards the Generation of DNA Aptamer- A Guide for Beginners
Authors: Yeoh Tzi Shien , Anna Andrew , Hock Tang Thean , Citartan Marimuthu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Asymmetric PCR is one of the most utilized strategies in ssDNA generation towards DNA aptamer generation due to its low cost, robustness and the low amount of starting template. Despite its advantages, careful optimization of the asymmetric PCR is still warranted to optimize the yield of ssDNA. In this present study, we have developed an extensive optimization pipeline that involves the optimization of symmetric PCR, optimization of primer amounts/ratios, PCR cycles, annealing temperatures, template concentrations, Mg 2+ /dNTP concentrations and the amounts of Taq Polymerase. To further boost the generation of ssDNA, we have also integrated an additional single-stranded DNA generation method via lambda exonuclease and biotin-streptavidin-based separation into the optimization pipeline to further improve the yield of ssDNA generation. We have acquired 700 ± 11.3 and 820 ± 19.2 nM for A-PCR-lambda exonuclease and A-PCR-biotin-streptavidin-based separation, respectively. We urge to develop a separate optimization pipeline of asymmetric PCR for each different randomized ssDNA library before embarking on any SELEX studies.
Collocation Method for Fuzzy Volterra Integral Equation of the Second Kind with Weakly Singular Kernels
Authors: Alijani Zahra , Kangro Urve 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper we consider fuzzy Volterra integral equation of the second kind with weakly singular kernel. We propose piecewise spline collocation methods with a graded mesh. By increasing the number of collocation points we show that the numerical solution exists and converges to the exact solution. We obtain exact convergence vlues depending on smoothness of the solution and on the grading parameter of the mesh.We give sufficient conditions for the fuzziness of the approximate solution. The proposed method is illustrated by numerical examples which confirm the theoretical convergence estimates.
An Inference of The Wading Depths of The Cranes in Wintering Wetlands Through Photographic Sampling: a Case Study of Black-Necked Cranes (Grus Nigricollis) in Caohai Wetland, China
Authors: Gou Xue , Sun Xijiao , Khattak Romaan Hayat , Zhao Ruisha , Hu Yao , Hu Canshi , Zhang Mingming , Su Haijun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Several overwintering crane species like Black-necked cranes (Grus nigricollis) mainly depends on wetlands for foraging or roosting, preferring stable water depths. Understating the wading depths of cranes is a pressing concern for the better management of wetlands and robust conservation of the overwintering cranes populations. Yet, practically it is very difficult to precisely measure the wading depths due to several limitations like, inaccessibility and sampling difficulties. In the current study a sample of 1288 wading photographs of cranes, based on the constancy of proportion of tibiotarsus to tarsometatarsus were taken in Caohai wetland situated in the Northwest Guizhou Province of south west China. Caohai Wetland is the biggest overwintering wetland around the world, and a very promising area to infer the exact ranges of wading depths of these cranes. The ratio of tibiotarsus to tarsometatarsus of the cranes standing on the lands and the ratio of tibiotarsus to the rest of tarsometatarsus of the cranes standing in water were measured; to infer the projection depths of the part of tarsometatarsus submerged in water, which was used to calculate the accurate depth range of the cranes by comparing with the referenced values. According to the results, 89.92% of individuals preferred the water depths from (0-20]cm, 76.11% preferred (0-10]cm% while water depths for 49,04% individuals was (0-5]cm. Thus we conclude that the Black-necked Cranes prefer a depth range of (0-10]cm. This water depth may be relative to the swamps around the lake, which are very important foraging and roosting sites for cranes, For better habitat management, we strongly recommend to pay special attention to swamps with specific water depth ranges, particularly when the water level changes.
Future Changes in Precipitation Over Northern Europe Based on a Multi-model Ensemble From CMIP6: Focus on Tana River Basin
Authors: Moradian Sogol , Haghighi Ali Torabi , Asadi Maryam , Mirbagheri Seyed Ahmad 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Accurate climate predictions help policymakers mitigate the negative effects of climate change and prioritize environmental issues based on scientific evidence. These predictions rely heavily on the outputs of GCMs (General Circulation Models), but the large number of GCMs and their different outputs in each region confuses researchers in their selection. In this paper, we analyzed the performance of a CMIP6 (Climate Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6) multi-model ensemble for precipitation data over Northern Europe. We first evaluated the overall performance of 12 CMIP6 models from GCMs in thirty years of 1985-2014. In addition, future projections were analyzed between 2071 and 2100 using SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 (Shared Socioeconomic Pathways). Then, simulations were statistically improved using an ensemble method to correct the systematic error of the CMIP6 models and then the capacity of postprocessed data to reproduce historical trends of climate events was investigated. Finally, the possible spatio-temporal changes of future precipitation data were explored in Tana River Basin. The results of this study show that different CMIP6 models do not have the same accuracy in estimating precipitation in the study area. However, the ensemble method can be effective in increasing the accuracy of the predictions. In addition, this study projected a change in the monthly precipitation data over Tana River Basin by 2.46% and 2.06% from 2071 to 2100 compared to the historical period, based on SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5, respectively.
Recent Changes in Temperature Extremes in Subtropical Climate Region and the Role of Large-Scale Atmospheric Oscillation Patterns
Authors: Mallick Javed , Salam Roquia , Islam H. M. Touhidul , Shahid Shamsuddin , Kamruzzaman Mohammad , Pal Subodh Chandra , Bhat Shakeel Ahmad , Elbeltagi Ahmed , Rodrigues Thiago Rangel , Ibrahim Sobhy M. , I Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Understanding the recent variations in temperature extremes is crucial to anticipate the forthcoming incidences of extreme phenomena. However, Knowledge on temperature extremes' spatial and temporal patterns, as well as their links to atmospheric oscillation and topography, is scarce in Bangladesh. To this end, this research intends to analyze the spatial and temporal trends in recent extreme temperatures and their relationships with oscillation indices and the topography of Bangladesh. Daily temperature data obtained from 20 meteorological stations for 1980–2017 were employed for this purpose. Results revealed that the rises in summer days (SU25), tropical nights (TR20), warm days (TX90p), warmest days (TXx) and warm nights (TN90p), while declinations in coldest days (TNn), cold days (TX10p) and cold nights (TN10p) in Bangladesh. Spatial distribution of trends revealed an increase in SU25 and TN90p by 1.9–2.38, 2.33–2.90 days/decade, and a decrease in TX10p and TN10p by 1.7–3.3 days/decade in most regions. Besides, TR20 showed an increase of 3.22–4.17 days/decade in all sub-regions. The temperature extremes of Bangladesh showed a significant connection with multivariate ENSO index (MEI) and Sea Surface Temperature (SST). Besides, the extremes in most regions of the country showed a significant connection with Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The influence of atmospheric oscillation indices was more evident on cold days/nights than on warm days/nights. TN10p and SU25 also showed a significant correlation with elevation, suggesting an increase in cold night and summer day temperature with the increase in elevation in Bangladesh. Large-scale climate mode reanalysis revealed that a strong (weak) wind speed, enhancing (decreasing) geopotential height, and fast warming (cooling) over the northwestern (southeast) region have attributed to the variations in extreme temperature in Bangladesh to several extents. Climate change adaptation and disaster mitigation in Bangladesh will benefit from these findings.
A Crucial Interaction of p62 and Nrf2 in Mediating Metastasis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Cancer
Authors: Chen Xiuying , Yu Li , Zhou Junyang , Ren Ji , Wang Shan , Tan Yujie , Ding Yan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), also referred to as p62 and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) have implicated into the pathogenesis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). While p62 and Nrf2 interact and influence each other in diverse pathological settings, in whether such interaction contributes to ESCC remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the functional significance of p62 and Nrf2 in ESCC, and uncover a interaction between p62 and Nrf2 in mediating ESCC.Results: Herein, we show a critican interaction betwwen p62 and Nrf2 in ESCC. Huamn GEPIA database analysis revealed the expression of p62 and Nrf2 is upregulated in ESCC, which is further verified by biochemical assessements using a human tumor tissue bank. Genetic knockdown of p62 and/or Nrf2 demonstrated a mediator role of p62 and Nrf2 in the proliferation, migration and movement ability of ECSS cells. In addition, the downregulation of p62 or Nrf2 could change the morphology of ESCC cells, transforming them from shuttle to round shape, and inhibit their EMT. The knockdown approach also reveal a synergy between p62 and Nrf2 in promoting EMT and the invasive growth of ESCC cells. The xenograft assay in vivo revealed similar effects of p62 and/or Nrf2 knockdown on tumorigenesis and metastaisis of ESCC. Conclusions: These results indicate that p62 and Nrf2 promote EMT and metastasis of ESCC in a synergistic manner. Simultaneously targeting of p62 and Nrf2 may have a therapeutic potential in treating ESCC.
The Mental Representation of Occupational Stereotypes is Driven As Much By Their Affective As By Their Semantic Content
Authors: Kocsor Ferenc , Ferencz Tas , Kisander Zsolt , Tizedes Gitta , Schaadt Blanka , Kertész Rita , Kozma Luca , Vincze Orsolya , Láng András 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Studies on person perception showed that stereotypes can be activated by presenting either characteristic traits of group members, or labels associated to these groups. However, it is not clear whether these pieces of semantic information activate negative and positive stereotypes directly, or via an indirect cognitive pathway leading through brain regions responsible for affective responses. To disentangle the effects of semantic and affective contents, first we intended to scrutinize whether the representation of occupational labels is independent of the emotions they evoke.Methods: Participants (N = 71, M=27.0, SD=9.1, 31 men 42 women,) were asked to complete two tasks presented online. In the first task they had to arrange 20 occupational labels—randomly chosen from a pool of 60 items— in a two-dimensional space, moving the mouse pointer along two undefined axes. In a second task the axes’ names were defined a priori. Subjects were asked to arrange the labels according to valence, the extent to which the word evoked pleasant or unpleasant feelings, and arousal, the extent to which the word evoked excitement or calmness. Results: Based on the final coordinates of the labels, two cluster analyses were carried out separately in the two tasks. The two clusters were compared with Fisher’s exact test, which revealed that the cluster structures overlap significantly.Conclusions: The results suggest that the semantic representation of occupations relies largely on the affective state they evoke. We propose that affective content might have a primacy over detailed semantic information in many aspects of person perception, including categorization and face recognition.
Efficacy of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Patients With Pd-1 Inhibitor–transarterial Chemoembolization Refractory Intermediate-stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: a Retrospective Controlled Study
Authors: Xiang Yan-Jun , Wang Kang , Zheng Yi-Tao , Feng Shuang , Yu Hong-Ming , Li Xiao-Wei , Cheng Xi , Cheng Yu-Qiang , Wang Wei-Jun , Feng Jin-Kai , Qin Ying-Yi , Zhou Li-Ping , Meng Yan , Zhai Jian , Shan Yun-Feng , Cheng Shu-Qun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with PD-1 inhibitor is a novel and effective combination therapy. However, there is currently a gap in subsequent treatment when patients are diagnosed with PD-1 inhibitors-TACE refractoriness.Methods: This retrospective cohort study included enrolled patients with intermediate stage HCC who were diagnosed with PD-1 inhibitor-TACE refractoriness between January 2019 and December 2020 in the Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. They were divided into two cohorts, (1) those who switched from TACE combined with PD-1 to stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) combined with PD-1 and (2) those who continued TACE combined with PD-1. Progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and tumor response were assessed in both groups after refractory to PD-1 inhibitors combined with TACE.Results: Of the seventy-six patients included in this study, the median PFS was 19.6 months in the SBRT group (n=31) and 10.1 months in the TACE group (n=45, p<0.05). The SBRT group also had a significant higher OS than the TACE group (p<0.05). Objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were also better in the SBRT group (ORR, 71.0% vs. 15.6%, OR=8.483, 95%CI 3.319-21.680, P < 0.001; DCR, 80.6% vs. 31.1%, OR=9.226, 95%CI 3.096-27.493, P < 0.001). Conclusions: SBRT combined with PD-1 inhibitor improves PFS and OS in patients refractory to PD-1 inhibitor combined with TACE. Therefore, SBRT is recommended in case of failure of treatment with PD-1 inhibitors combined with TACE.
Interaction-driven breakdown of dynamical localization in a kicked quantum gas
Authors: Cao Alec , Sajjad Roshan , Mas Hector , Simmons Ethan , Tanlimco Jeremy , Nolasco-Martinez Eber , Shimasaki Toshihiko , Kondakci Hasan , Galitski Victor , Weld David 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Quantum interference can terminate energy growth in a continually kicked system, via a single-particle ergodicity-breaking mechanism known as dynamical localization. The effect of many-body interactions on dynamically localized states, while important to a fundamental understanding of quantum decoherence, has remained unexplored despite a quarter-century of experimental studies. We report the experimental realization of a tunably-interacting kicked quantum rotor ensemble using a Bose-Einstein condensate in a pulsed optical lattice. We observe signatures of a prethermal localized plateau, followed for interacting samples by interaction-induced anomalous diffusion with an exponent near one half. Echo-type time reversal experiments establish the role of interactions in destroying reversibility. These results quantitatively elucidate the dynamical transition to many-body quantum chaos, advance our understanding of quantum anomalous diffusion, and delimit some possibilities for protecting quantum information in interacting driven systems.
Consultation Rates in People with Type 2 Diabetes with and without Vascular Complications: A Retrospective Analysis of 141,328 Adults in England
Authors: Abner Sophia , Gillies Clare L , Shabnam Sharmin , Zaccardi Francesco , Seidu Samuel , Davies Melanie J , Adeyemi Tobi , Khunti Kamlesh , Webb David 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective
To assess trends in primary and specialist care consultation rates and average length of consultation by cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), or cardiometabolic multimorbidity exposure status.
Methods
Observational, retrospective cohort study used linked Clinical Practice Research Datalink primary care data from 01/01/2000- 31/12/2018 to assess consultation rates in 141,328 adults with newly diagnosed T2DM, with or without CVD. Patients who entered the study with either a diagnosis of T2DM or CVD and later developed the second condition during the study are classified as the cardiometabolic multimorbidity group. Face to face primary and specialist care consultations, with either a nurse or general practitioner, were assessed over time in subjects with T2DM, CVD, or cardiometabolic multimorbidity. Changes in the average length of consultation in each group were investigated.
Results
696,255 (mean 4.9 years [95% CI, 2.02-7.66]) person years of follow up time, there were 10,221,798 primary and specialist care consultations. The crude rate of primary and specialist care consultations in patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity (N=11,881) was 18.5 (95% CI, 18.47-18.55) per person years, 13.5 (13.50, 13.52) in patients with T2DM only (N=83,094) and 13.2 (13.18, 13.21) in those with CVD (N=57,974). Patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity had 28% (IRR 1.28; 95% CI: 1.27, 1.31) more consultations than those with only T2DM. Patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity had primary care consultation rates decrease by 50.1% compared to a 45.0% decrease in consultations for those with T2DM from 2000-2018. Specialist care consultation rates in both groups increased from 2003-2018 by 33.3% and 54.4% in patients with cardiometabolic multimorbidity and T2DM, respectively. For patients with T2DM the average consultation duration increased by 36.0%, in patients with CVD it increased by 74.3%, and in those with cardiometabolic multimorbidity it increased by 37.3%.
Conclusions
Annual primary care consultation rates for individuals with T2DM, CVD, or cardiometabolic multimorbidity have fallen since 2000, while specialist care consultations and average consultation length have both increased. Individuals with cardiometabolic multimorbidity have significantly more consultations than individuals with T2DM or CVD alone. Service redesign of health care delivery needs to be considered for people with cardiometabolic multimorbidity to reduce the burden and health care costs.
Comparison of the Bone Cement Leakage on Vertebroplasty with High-Viscosity Cement Versus Decompressed Kyphoplasty: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Cheng Shih-Hao , Chou Wen-Hsiang , Tsuei Yu-Chuan , Sun Shih-Sheng , Au Man-Kuan , Chu William , Chu Woei-Chyn 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Cement leakage is a concerning complication of percutaneous kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty, as it may lead to neurologic injury. High viscosity cement has been recently used in vertebroplasty to prevent cement leakage. In this study, we aimed to compare the results between vertebroplasty with high viscosity cement to a novel technique “decompressed kyphoplasty” that used a low viscosity cement. A total of 136 patients with a single level osteoporotic compression fracture were retrospectively included in our study. 70 patients received vertebroplasty with high viscosity cement while the other 66 patients received decompressed kyphoplasty with low viscosity cement. The overall cement leakage rate was not significantly different between the two groups (18.6% and 9.1%, p = 0.111). However, the risk of intradiscal leakage was lower for the decompressed kyphoplasty group (p = 0.011), especially when the pre-operative x-ray did not display a cleft sign. The change in the kyphotic angle and the risk of adjacent segment collapse were similar (p = 0.739 and 0.522 respectively). We concluded that decompressed kyphoplasty can reduce intradiscal cement leakage rate compared to high viscosity cement vertebroplasty. The technique is particularly useful for patient without cleft sign on x-ray to prevent intradiscal leakage.
Routine Use of DHIS2 Data: A Scoping Review
Authors: Byrne Elaine , Saebø Johan Ivar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND:In terms of health service planning and delivery the use of information at different levels in the health system is vital, from influencing policy, to program action, and to evidence informed practices. However, having good data or access to good data does not necessarily imply data use. For information to be used relevant data needs to be collected, processed and analysed in an accessible format. The problem of little or no data use is widespread and has been evident for decades.The DHIS2 software platform supports routine health management for an estimated 2.4 billion people and is used in over 70 countries. DHIS2 is by far the largest and most widespread software for this purpose and adopts a holistic socio-technical approach to development and implementation. With this approach and the rapid and extensive scaling of DHIS2 we questioned whether this has been matched with the increased scaling of improved information use. To date there has been no rigorous review of the documentation on how DHIS2 data is routinely being used for action and decision-making. This scoping review addresses this gap. METHODS:The five stage approach of Arksey and O’Malley and progressed by Levac et al., was followed. Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Embase) were searched, along with relevant conferences and postgraduate thesis. In total approx. 300 documents were reviewed with 18 documents being fully reviewed. RESULTS:Overall DHIS2 data is being used but there are few detailed descriptions of this in peer reviewed or grey literature. We find that there is commonly a centralised versus decentralised pattern of use in terms of access to data and reporting data up in the system, and that the different conceptualisations of data use and how data use is conceptualised is not made explicit. CONCLUSIONS:We conclude with some suggestions on the way forward, namely: the need to document in more detail and share how data is being used, investigating how data was created and who uses the data, designing systems based on work practices and exploring and promoting forums in which we can have ‘conversations’ around data.