bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro and in Vivo Characterization of Inosine Monophosphate Delivered by a Nanoparticle in Rainbow Trout
Authors: Jenik K. , Alkie T. N. , Samms K. , Lalousis A. , Moore E. , De Jong J. D. , Dewitte-Orr S. J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss are a commonly farmed fish worldwide and, as such, are of economic importance in many countries. Inosine monophosphate (IMP) has been shown to have a positive effect on Rainbow Trout growth performance and overall health. The aim of the current study was to test whether a novel phytoglycogen nanoparticle (NP) was nontoxic and if it could enhance the positive effects of IMP on Rainbow Trout health at the cellular and whole-animal level. The NP used in this study is derived from sweet corn and can act as a carrier, delivering its payload to the cell. The NP was chemically modified to covalently bind IMP. The effects of four experimental groups were tested on Rainbow Trout at the in vitro and in vivo level: untreated control, NP alone, IMP alone, and IMP covalently conjugated to the NP (IMP-NP). The effects of the four experimental groups were measured at the cellular level using a Rainbow Trout intestinal epithelial cell line (RTgutGC). Cellular metabolism was significantly increased in RTgutGC when treated with IMP-NP for 24 and 48 h compared with NP or IMP alone. These treatments did not result in a compromised cell membrane, with the exception of minimal membrane integrity loss at 48 h with the higher doses of IMP-NP. During the 48-h time frame, enhanced metabolism did not result in enhanced cell proliferation. A pilot study was performed in Rainbow Trout to test the safety of the NP to fish. Over an 8-week feeding trial, no mortalities were observed. Additionally, intestinal villi density increased with IMP-NP and NP treatments, while villus height and width were unaffected. This study introduces the use of a phytoglycogen-based NP as a novel delivery system for IMP that is able to increase metabolism at the cellular level and is nontoxic in Rainbow Trout.
Therapeutic Nanoparticles from Grape Seed for Modulating Oxidative Stress
Authors: Wang Tianyou , Fan Qianqian , Hong Jiaxu , Chen Zhan , Zhou Xujiao , Zhang Jianhua , Dai Yiqin , Jiang Hao , Gu Zhipeng , Cheng Yiyun , Li Yiwen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe therapeutic potential of nanomaterials toward oxidative damage relevant diseases has attracted great attentions by offering promising advantages compared with conventional antioxidants. Although different kinds of nanoantioxidants have been well developed, the facile fabrication of robust and efficient nanoscavengers is still met with challenges like the use of toxic and high‐cost subunits, the involvement of multistep synthetic process, and redundant purification work. Herein, a direct fabrication strategy toward polyphenol nanoparticles with tunable size, excellent biocompatibility, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capacities from grape seed via an enzymatic polymerization method is reported. The resulting nanoparticles can efficiently prevent cell damage from ROS and exert promising in vivo antioxidant therapeutic effects on several oxidative stress‐related diseases, including accelerating wound healing, inhibiting ulcerative colitis, and regulating the oxidative stress in dry eye disease. This study can stimulate the development of more kinds of low‐cost, safe, and efficient biomass‐based antioxidative nanomaterials via similar fabrication methodologies.
Ultrahigh‐Current‐Density and Long‐Term‐Durability Electrocatalysts for Water Splitting
Authors: Wen Qunlei , Zhao Yang , Liu Youwen , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHydrogen economy is imagined where excess electric energy from renewable sources stored directly by electrochemical water splitting into hydrogen is later used as clean hydrogen fuel. Electrocatalysts with the superhigh current density (1000 mA cm−2‐level) and long‐term durability (over 1000 h), especially at low overpotentials (<300 mV), seem extremely critical for green hydrogen from experiment to industrialization. Along the way, numerous innovative ideas are proposed to design high efficiency electrocatalysts in line with industrial requirements, which also stimulates the understanding of the mass/charge transfer and mechanical stability during the electrochemical process. It is of great necessity to summarize and sort out the accumulating knowledge in time for the development of laboratory to commercial use in this promising field. This review begins with examining the theoretical principles of achieving high‐efficiency electrocatalysts with high current densities and excellent durability. Special attention is paid to acquaint efficient strategies to design perfect electrocatalysts including atomic structure regulation for electrical conductivity and reaction energy barrier, array configuration constructing for mass transfer process, and multiscale coupling for high mechanical strength. Finally, the importance and the personal perspective on future opportunities and challenges, is highlighted.
Photocatalytic H2 Evolution Coupled with Furfuralcohol Oxidation over Pt‐Modified ZnCdS Solid Solution
Authors: Wang Zhongliao , Wang Linxi , Cheng Bei , Yu Huogen , Yu Jiaguo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCoupling photocatalytic H2 production with organic synthesis attracts immense interest in the energy and chemical engineering field for the low‐cost, clean, and sustainable generation of green energy and value‐added products. Nevertheless, the performance of current photocatalysts is greatly limited by grievous charge recombination and tardy H2 evolution. To tackle these issues, a Pt nanocluster‐modified ZnCdS solid solution is fabricated for photocatalytic H2 production and selective furfuralcohol oxidation. The internal electric field inside the ZnCdS and Schottky junction between ZnCdS and Pt nanoclusters drastically ameliorate charge separation. Meanwhile, the Pt nanoclusters remarkably expedite the H2 evolution kinetics on ZnCdS. As a result, the H2 production rate over Pt‐loaded ZnCdS reaches 1045 µmol g−1 h−1, which is about 26‐ and 70‐fold that of CdS and ZnS, respectively. Under light irradiation for 3 h, the conversion of furfuralcohol to furfural reaches 71% with 89% furfural selectivity. The photocatalytic mechanism is investigated by in situ characterizations and theoretical calculations.
Outcome Summary of the International Experience in Developing the Financial Resources of Universities
Authors: AI-Youbi Abdulrahman Obaid , Zahed Adnan Hamza Mohammad , Atalar Abdullah 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt is widely believed that economic returns of tertiary education to the public are much higher than those in other sectors of the economy. Excellence in education and research, therefore, is an important factor for the welfare of countries. To improve the well-being of their citizens, governments invested heavily in higher education. The number of higher education institutes in the world has reached 18,000, and as a result, a larger fraction of people is getting tertiary education degrees. The expansion of the university system required a corresponding increase in the funding.
Nachhaltige Entwicklung in einer Gesellschaft des Umbruchs – Zur Einführung
Authors: Blättel-Mink Birgit , Hickler Thomas 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungNoch nie waren Menschen global so vernetzt, und Informationen wurden so schnell um den Globus ausgetauscht wie heute. Dies führt zu Innovationen und vielen neuen Möglichkeiten. Der schnelle Wandel birgt jedoch auch Gefahren für Mensch und Natur. Dazu zählen der globale Verlust an Biodiversität und die irreversible Erderwärmung, und auch die akute Krise durch die Corona-Pandemie ist ein Symptom derartiger Gefahren. Der Wissenschaftliche Beirat der Bundesregierung Globale Umweltveränderungen (WBGU 2011) und der Weltbiodiversitätsrat (IPBES 2019) fordern eine tiefgreifende gesellschaftliche Transformation in Richtung Nachhaltigkeit. Dafür braucht es auf der Ebene der Forschung mehr inter- bzw. transdisziplinäre Ansätze und damit auch neue Entwicklungen an den Universitäten. In dieser Einleitung fassen wir kurz die Beiträge von Kolleg*innen an der Goethe-Universität zu diesem Buch zusammen, welche sich aus ganz unterschiedlichen Perspektiven mit Nachhaltigkeit befassen.
Wie ist ein nachhaltiger Umgang mit Plastik möglich?
Authors: Kramm Johanna , Völker Carolin 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungStellt Plastik ein Risiko für unsere Umwelt dar? Wie finden wir einen besseren Umgang mit einem Material, das so viele Bereiche unseres Alltags durchdrungen hat? Mit diesen und weiteren Fragen beschäftigt sich die inter- und transdisziplinär arbeitenden Nachwuchsgruppe „PlastX – Plastik in der Umwelt als systemisches Risiko“. Der Beitrag stellt die unterschiedlichen Forschungsfelder (Mikroplastik, Meeresmüll, Verpackungen und Bioplastik) vor. Der Ansatz der systemischen Risiken wird als integrative Perspektive diskutiert.
Ars Longa. Kunst und Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Kuni Verena 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungWelchen Beitrag kann zeitgenössische Kunst zu einer sozial-ökologischen Nachhaltigkeitsperspektive leisten? Dieser Frage geht der Beitrag ausgehend von künstlerischen Projekten nach, die in Feldern operieren, in denen die drei Säulen des bekannten Nachhaltigkeits-Modells – Umwelt, Soziales und Wirtschaft – gleichermaßen relevant sind: in der Forstwirtschaft („Bäume pflanzen“) und in der Imkerei („Bienen züchten“). So entstehen in der Kunst Bilder, die nicht nur zur Vermittlung entsprechender Einsichten in für ein nachhaltiges Denken und Handeln relevante Zusammenhänge beitragen, sondern darüber hinaus je auf ihre Weise zum aktiven sozial-ökologischen Engagement einladen.
Ökologischer Imperativ, Nachhaltigkeit, Planetare Grenzwerte und „One Health“ –Zielfunktionen für ein zukunftsfähiges Geoengineering
Authors: Mosbrugger Volker 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Mensch greift seit jeher in das Systemgefüge der Erde ein, doch seit dem Neolithikum entwickeln sich diese Eingriffe zunehmend zu einer nicht nachhaltigen Ausbeutung der Natur. Durch die gravierenden rasanten Veränderungen im Anthropozän wird ein modernes Erdsystem-Management oder Geoengineering, das die „Permanenz echten menschlichen Lebens“ (Hans Jonas) sichert, nun zu einer dringenden Herausforderung. Dafür müssen zunächst gültige Zielgrößen definiert werden, die fortlaufend immer wieder im wechselseitigen Abgleich der aus dem Management-System resultierenden Folgen angepasst werden müssen. Für ein solches weltweit wirkendes System sind sowohl technische als auch ökonomische und politische Werkzeuge notwendig, die durch eine umfassende Governance gesteuert werden.
Climate Change, Policy, and Justice
Authors: Moellendorf Darrel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClimate change and climate change policy raise important issues of intergenerational and international justice. Intergenerational justice requires that CO2emissions be halted by the middle of this century or shortly thereafter. But since human development requires energy, the elimination of emissions raises important questions of international justice. Responding adequately to climate change requires international cooperation in order to affect a rapid transition to renewable energy production and consumption and to safeguard conditions in which continued progress in human development can be made.
Sustainable use of Savanna Vegetation in West Africa in the Context of Climate and Land use Change
Authors: Hahn Karen , Leßmeister Anna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWest African savannas undergo severe changes due to climate change and land use pressure, resulting in degradation and biodiversity loss. These changes directly impact local rural livelihoods, as many cash poor rural communities depend on the provisioning ecosystem services of their environments. In a case study of the interdisciplinary research project UNDESERT, the increasingly challenging sustainable use of wild plant species in West African savannas was investigated. In this study, we present the results and give examples of how scientific results can serve for practical actions to foster sustainable use of important plant resources.
Umkämpfte Nachhaltigkeit – vergessene Leiblichkeit. Der Fall der Wildpferde in Namibia
Authors: Pütz Robert , Schlottmann Antje 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag analysiert Konflikte um nachhaltigen Naturschutz. Er zeigt erstens, inwiefern diese in divergierenden Vorstellungen von Natur gründen, z. B. welche Tiere lokale Ökosysteme repräsentieren (dürfen), zweitens, dass Diskursanalysen diese Konflikte nicht hinreichend erfassen, da sie eine agency of natureausblenden (müssen), und drittens, dass Naturschutzkonflikte immer auch inkorporierte Praxis sind, wenn z. B. die verinnerlichte Normativität von Nachhaltigkeit mit der leiblichen Erfahrung der Arbeit mit Tieren in Widerspruch tritt. In den dominierenden Rationalitäten von Nachhaltigkeit findet diese Dimension keinen Platz.
Transformation and Contestation. Learning from Actors and Socio-political Engagements in Transformative Science
Authors: Sierra Rosa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe chapter presents the design and content of a sustainability research project in the humanities and the social sciences, as well as some methodological and theoretical guidelines from two different transformational frameworks that were assessed in the project. It then outlines the tension that emerges when we consider transformation from the point of view of processes and try to integrate the role of agency, especially of actors that contest structures or processes rather than initiating or supporting them. It finally explores how this tension challenges the assessed frameworks and which aspects of them can be stressed in order to face the challenge.
The Spatial Variants and Temporal Sequence of the Indigenous Cultural System of Southeast China During Neolithic, Bronze, and Early Iron Ages
Authors: Wu Chunming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe archaeological cultures from Neolithic Age to early Iron Age in the Southeast of China including south of Jiangsu (江苏) and Anhui (安徽), Zhejiang (浙江), Jiangxi (江西), southeast of Hunan (湖南), Fujian (福建), Guangdong (广东), Guangxi (广西), Hainan (海南), Taiwan (台湾) and the adjacent coast of Vietnam, compose one of the special segment in the unity of “Assimilation and Integration of Pluralistic Cultures” in prehistoric and early history of China. These regional cultures with the continuingly temporal sequence have developed for thousands of years from early Neolithic Age to early Iron Age, “Relying on Huaxia Nationality of Central Nation and Facing Maritime Barbarians of Austronesian”, are just the material cultural heritages of the indigenous Miao, Man, Bai Yue and their ancestors in the “Southeastern Direction” of the ancient Chinese history.
The Inheritance of Island Yi and the Acculturation of Maritime Fan in the Han People on Southeast Coast of China
Authors: Wu Chunming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Han people of southern China living in the coastal regions lying to the south of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River show a series of distinctive essences of physique, language or dialect, lifestyle and economic pattern, religion and worship of supernatural spirits, cultural orientations to the oceans and maritime character and so on. The maritime orientation of “living on boats as home, depending on sea as lifestyle, trading with Maritime Fan (诸番) ” was the most prominent characters of the Han people in south of China, especially in the southeast coast in Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong. The accumulation and assimilation of the prehistoric and early indigenous Bai Yue (百越), Island Yi (岛夷) and proto-Austronesian of the Maritime Region of Southeastern Asia, as well as the immigration and acculturation of the overseas ethnic groups of foreign Maritime Fan since the medieval ages, were the two main sources of the formation and development of the unique maritime cultural character of the Han people in southeast coast of China.
Searching for the Prehistoric Seafaring Craft Between Southeast Coast of China and the Pacific Islands
Authors: Wu Chunming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe historical documents and archaeological discoveries inform that sophisticated maritime cultures had been developed thousands of years ago along southeast coast of China and adjacent Southeast Asia. The indigenous Bai Yue (百越) ethnicities carried out early navigation between the coastal region East and Southeast Asia since Neolithic age, that is earlier before than the migration of Han people from North to South 2000 years ago (Chang, K.C. 1989; Rolett, B.V. 2007; Wu, C.M. 2019). These Neolithic seafaring groups have also been taken as the origin of the Pacific Austronesians (Chang, K.C. et al. 1964; Chang, K.C. 1987a; Rolett, B.V. et al. 2002; Wu, C.M. 2012a). By what kind of craft did they take on the great sea thousands of years ago? Archaeologists, historians, ethno-historians, and maritime culture researchers argued with different viewpoints.
Topological confinement of vortices in two-flavor dense QCD
Authors: Fujimoto Yuki , Nitta Muneto 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We find a novel confinement mechanism in the two-flavor dense quark matter proposed recently, that consists of the 2SC condensates and the P-wave diquark condensates of d-quarks. This quark matter exhibiting color superconductivity as well as superfluidity is classified into two phases; confined and deconfined phases of vortices. We establish that the criterion of the confinement is color neutrality of Aharonov-Bohm (AB) phases: vortices exhibiting color non-singlet AB phases are confined by the so-called AB defects to form color-singlet bound states. In the deconfined phase, the most stable vortices are non-Abelian Alice strings, which are superfluid vortices with fractional circulation and non-Abelian color magnetic fluxes therein, exhibiting color non-singlet AB phases. On the other hand, in the confined phase, these non-Abelian vortices are confined to either a baryonic or mesonic bound state in which constituent vortices are connected by AB defects. The baryonic bound state consists of three non-Abelian Alice strings with different color magnetic fluxes with the total flux canceled out connected by a domain wall junction, while the mesonic bound state consists of two non-Abelian Alice strings with the same color magnetic fluxes connected by a single domain wall. Interestingly, the latter contains a color magnetic flux in its core, but this can exist because of color neutrality of its AB phase.
Complexity from the reduced density matrix: a new diagnostic for chaos
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arpan , Haque S. Shajidul , Kim Eugene H. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigate circuit complexity to characterize chaos in multiparticle quantum systems. In the process, we take a stride to analyze open quantum systems by using complexity. We propose a new diagnostic of quantum chaos from complexity based on the reduced density matrix by exploring different types of quantum circuits. Through explicit calculations on a toy model of two coupled harmonic oscillators, where one or both of the oscillators are inverted, we demonstrate that the evolution of complexity is a possible diagnostic of chaos.
WNT3 hypomethylation counteracts low activity of the Wnt signaling pathway in the placenta of preeclampsia
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Sang Min , Li Ying , Li Yingying , Yuan Erfeng , Yang Lijun , Shi Wenli , Yuan Yangyang , Yang Bo , Yang Peifeng , Yuan Enwu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPreeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Many studies have shown that epigenetic mechanisms may play a role in preeclampsia. Moreover, our previous study indicated that the differentially methylated genes in preeclampsia were enriched in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. This study aimed to identify differentially methylated Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway genes in the preeclamptic placenta and to study the roles of these genes in trophoblast cells in vitro. Using an Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation 850 K BeadChip, we found that the Wnt signaling pathway was globally hypermethylated in the preeclamptic group compared with the term birth group, but hypomethylated in the preeclamptic group compared with the preterm birth group. Among all Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway factors, WNT3 was the most significantly differentially expressed gene and was hypomethylated in the preeclamptic group compared to the nonhypertensive groups, namely, the preterm birth group and term birth group. This result was confirmed by pyrosequencing. Through quantitative real-time PCR and western blot analysis, the WNT3 gene was found to be highly expressed in preeclamptic placental tissues, in contrast to other WNT factors, which were previously reported to be expressed at low levels in placental tissues. Additionally, in the HTR8/SVneo cell line, knockdown of WNT3 suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, consistent with the findings for other WNT factors. These results prompted us to speculate that the WNT3 gene counteracts the low activation state of the Wnt signaling pathway in the preeclamptic placenta through methylation modification.
IFITM1 expression determines extracellular vesicle uptake in colorectal cancer
Authors: Kelemen Andrea , Carmi Idan , Oszvald Ádám , Lőrincz Péter , Petővári Gábor , Tölgyes Tamás , Dede Kristóf , Bursics Attila , Buzás Edit I. , Wiener Zoltán 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe majority of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients carry mutations in the APC gene, which lead to the unregulated activation of the Wnt pathway. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are considered potential therapeutic tools. Although CRC is a genetically heterogeneous disease, the significance of the intra-tumor heterogeneity in EV uptake of CRC cells is not yet known. By using mouse and patient-derived organoids, the currently available best model of capturing cellular heterogeneity, we found that Apc mutation induced the expression of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (Ifitm1), a membrane protein that plays a major role in cellular antiviral responses. Importantly, organoids derived from IFITM1high CRC cells contained more proliferating cells and they had a markedly reduced uptake of fibroblast EVs as compared to IFITM1low/− cells. In contrast, there was no difference in the intensity of EV release between CRC subpopulations with high and low IFITM1 levels. Importantly, the difference in cell proliferation between these two subpopulations disappeared in the presence of fibroblast-derived EVs, proving the functional relevance of the enhanced EV uptake by IFITM1low CRC cells. Furthermore, inactivating IFITM1 resulted in an enhanced EV uptake, highlighting the importance of this molecule in establishing the cellular difference for EV effects. Collectively, we identified CRC cells with functional difference in their EV uptake ability that must be taken into consideration when using EVs as therapeutic tools for targeting cancer cells.