bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation strategy fidelity evaluation for a multidisciplinary Chest Injury Protocol (ChIP)
Authors: Kourouche Sarah , Curtis Kate , Munroe Belinda , Watts Michael , Balzer Sharyn , Buckley Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Blunt chest wall injuries can lead to complications, especially without early intervention. A blunt Chest Injury Protocol (ChIP) was developed to help improve the consistency of evidence-based care following admission to the emergency department. Implementation strategy fidelity is the extent to which the strategies of implementation are delivered in line with the intended plan. The aim of this study was to assess fidelity to the strategies of the implementation plan developed for ChIP.

Methods
A retrospective evaluation of strategies used for implementation was performed, specifically the behaviour change techniques (BCTs). BCTs were used as part of an implementation plan derived based on the Behaviour Change Wheel from results from a staff survey at two hospitals.
Levels of implementation or adaptation for BCTs were scored by implementers as follows: ‘Were the behaviour change interventions implemented?’ (0 = ‘not implemented’, 1 = partially implemented, and 2 = fully implemented); ‘Were adaptations made to the implementation plan?’, scored 1 (many changes from plan) to 4 (just as planned). Free text explanation to their responses was also collected with supporting evidence and documentation (such as emails, implementation checklists, audit reports, and incident reports).

Results
There was high overall fidelity of 97.6% for BCTs partially or fully implemented. More than three quarters (32/42, 76.2%) of the BCTs were fully implemented with an additional 9/42 (21.4%) partially implemented. BCTs that were not fully implemented were social support, feedback on behaviour, feedback on outcomes of behaviour, adding objects to the environment, and restructuring the environment. The modes of delivery with poorer implementation or increased adaptations were clinical champions and audit/feedback.

Conclusions
This study describes the evaluation of implementation strategy fidelity in the acute care context. The systematic use and application of the behaviour change wheel was used to develop an implementation plan and was associated with high implementation strategy fidelity. A fidelity checklist developed during the implementation process may help implementers assess fidelity.

Trial registration
Trial registered on ANZCTR. Registration number ACTRN12618001548224, date approved 17/09/2018
The molecular mechanism of acute liver injury and inflammatory response induced by Concanavalin A
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiao , Yu Ting , Hu Yuzhu , Zhang Longzhen , Zheng Junnian , Wei Xiawei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAcute liver injury is a common but urgent clinical condition, and its underlying mechanism remains to be further elucidated. Concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury was investigated in the study. Different from the caspase-dependent cell apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide/D-aminogalactose (LPS/D-GalN) induced liver injury, ConA-induced hepatocyte death was independent on caspase. Increased hepatocytic expressions of mixed lineage kinase domain like (MLKL) and receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), and higher serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were noticed in mice with ConA-induced liver injury. Inhibition of RIPK1 protein or deletion of MLKL gene could significantly attenuate the acute liver injury and improve mice survival. Besides, the ConA treatment induced severe hepatic inflammation in wide type (WT) mice in comparison with Mlkl−/− mice, suggesting the RIPK1-MLKL-mediated hepatocellular necroptosis might participate in the process of liver injury. Moreover, mitochondrial damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) were subsequently released after the hepatocyte death, and further activated the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which could be reduced by deletion or inhibition of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Taken together, our research revealed that ConA-induced acute liver injury was closely related to TNF-α-mediated cell necroptosis, and inhibiting RIPK1 or deleting MLKL gene could alleviate liver injury in mice. The mitochondrial DNA released by dead hepatocytes further activated neutrophils through TLR9, thus resulting in the exacerbation of liver injury.
Near-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging as a Monitoring Tool for On-Demand Manufacturing of Inkjet-Printed Formulations
Authors: Stranzinger Sandra , Wolfgang Matthias , Klotz Emma , Scheibelhofer Otto , Ghiotti Patrizia , Khinast Johannes G. , Hsiao Wen-Kai , Paudel Amrit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates the potential use of near-infrared hyperspectral imaging (NIR-HSI) for quantitative determination of the drug amount in inkjet-printed dosage forms. We chose metformin hydrochloride as a model active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and printed it onto gelatin films using a piezoelectric inkjet printing system. An industry-ready NIR-HSI sensor combined with a motorized movable linear stage was applied for spectral acquisition. Initial API-substrate screening revealed best printing results for gelatin films with TiO2 filling. For calibration of the NIR-HSI system, escalating drug doses were printed on the substrate. After spectral pre-treatments, including standard normal variate (SNV) and Savitzky-Golay filtering for noise reduction and enhancement of spectral features, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression were applied to create predictive models for the quantification of independent printed metformin hydrochloride samples. It could be shown that the concentration distribution maps provided by the developed HSI models were capable of clustering and predicting the drug dose in the formulations. HSI model prediction showed significant better correlation to the reference (HPLC) compared to on-board monitoring of dispensed volume of the printer. Overall, the results emphasize the capability of NIR-HSI as a fast and non-destructive method for the quantification and quality control of the deposited API in drug-printing applications.
Graphical abstract
Background Noise? TV Advertising Affects Real-Time Investor Behavior
Authors: Liaukonytė Jūra , Žaldokas Alminas 
Published: August 2021

Using minute-by-minute TV advertising data covering some 300 firms, 327,000 ads, and $20 billion in ad spending, we study the real-time effects of TV advertising on investors’ searches for online financial information and subsequent trading activity. Our identification strategy exploits the fact that viewers in different U.S. time zones are exposed to the same programming and national advertising at different times, allowing us to control for contemporaneous confounding events. We find that an average TV ad leads to a 3% increase in EDGAR (Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval) system queries and an 8% increase in Google searches for financial information within 15 minutes of the airing of that ad. These searches translate into larger trading volume on the advertiser’s stock, driven primarily by retail investors. The findings on retail investor ad-induced trading are corroborated with hourly data from Robinhood, a popular retail trading platform. We also show that ads induce searches and trading of companies other than the advertiser, including of close rivals. Altogether, our findings suggest that advertising originally intended for consumers has a nonnegligible effect on financial markets. This paper was accepted by Karl Diether, finance.
Complex Disclosure
Authors: Jin Ginger Zhe , Luca Michael , Martin Daniel 
Published: August 2021

We present evidence that unnecessarily complex disclosure can result from strategic incentives to shroud information. In our laboratory experiment, senders are required to report their private information truthfully but can choose how complex to make their reports. We find that senders use complex disclosure more than half the time. This obfuscation is profitable because receivers make systematic mistakes in assessing complex reports. Regression and structural analysis suggest that these mistakes could be driven by receivers who are naive about the strategic use of complexity or overconfident about their ability to process complex information. This paper was accepted by Yan Chen, behavioral economics and decision analysis.
DEKONSTRUKSI PADA CERPEN SERIBU KUNANG-KUNANG DI MANHATTAN KARYA UMAR KAYAM
Authors: Djaha Siti Susanti Mallida 
Published: August 2021

This study aims at analyzing the deconstruction process in the short story Seribu Kunang-Kunang di Manhattanby Umar Kayam by looking at the binary oppositions as well as the form of deconstruction that happens in the short story. The theory used in this study is deconstruction theory by Jacques Derrida. The result showed that there were several binary oppositions, namely: West and East, big city and village, man and woman. The oppositions described in this story are problematic. The first opposition, West and East, was reversed and won by the East. The second opposition, the city and the village, experienced a reversal so that the village won. Likewise, with the third opposition, man and woman also experienced a reversal and won by the woman. In the end, this research shows that these hierarchical oppositions do not exist and are only the result of the construction of the author's imagination. Yet the author rejects what he wants to portray in the story, the Western life in Manhattan, United States.
MAKNA SALĀM DALAM AL-QUR’AN (Analisis Semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce)
Authors: Baihaqi Nurun Nisaa 
Published: August 2021

Salām selama ini dipahami oleh masyarakat luas sekedar sebagai ungkapan atau kalimat sapaan yaitu assalāmu‘alaikum dan wa‘alaikumussalam. Padahal dalam al-Qur’an salam dapat dimaknai secara luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan tanda-tanda dari kata salām yang terdapat dalam beberapa ayat al-Qur’an dengan menggunakan pendekatan semiotika. Dalam hal ini, penulis menggunakan teori semiotika Charles Sanders Peirce yaitu trikotomi (representamen, obyek dan interpretan) untuk mengungkap makna salām dalam al-Qur’an sebagai tandanya. Adapun metode penelitian ini adalah analisis isi kualitatif yaitu penelitian yang bertujuan mengidentifikasi pesan suatu media sebagai obyek penelitiannya. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa salām tidak hanya dimaknai kalimat atau ucapan salam (assalāmu’alaikum dan wa’alaikumussalām), akan tetapi juga bermakna al-Salām (nama Allah), al-khair (kebaikan dalam ucapan dan tindakan), al-tsanā al-ḥasan (pujian yang baik kepada para Nabi), al-salāmah min al-syarri (selamat dari keburukan) dan aspek eskatologis yaitu penghormatan kepada para ahli surga dan dār al-salām (surga). Penelitian seperti ini perlu dikembangkan agar dapat memperluas kajian al-Qur’an dan membuktikan fleksibilitas al-Qur’an di berbagai ruang dan waktu.
some ethical implications of practicing philosophy with children and adults
Authors: Kennedy David , Kohan Walter Omar 
Published: August 2021

This paper acts as an introduction to a dossier centered on the ethical implications of Practicing Philosophy with Children and Adults. It identifies ethical themes in the P4C movement over three generations of theorists and practitioners, and argues that, historically and materially, the transition to a “new” hermeneutics of childhood that has occurred within the P4C movement may be said to have emerged as a response to the ever-increasing pressure of neoliberalism and a weaponized capitalism to construct public policies in education on an over-regulated, prescribed, state-monitored, model. Could a new relationship to childhood provide the ethical and political agenda that our times require for doing philosophy with children with integrity? Could a radical listening and openness to childhood—which has been an intrinsic confessional characteristic of P4C pedagogy from the beginning--sustain the movement through these dark times? Finally, the paper presents a set of articles written in response to these questions: What, if any, should the ethical commitments of the P4C facilitator be? Is political/ideological neutrality required of the P4C facilitator? Is political neutrality possible? What constitutes indoctrination in educational settings? Are children more vulnerable to indoctrination than adults, and if so, what are the implications of that fact for the practice of P4C? What are the uses of P4C in the dramatically polarized ideological landscape we currently inhabit? What, if any, are the ethical responsibilities of a teacher engaging in philosophical practice? Are the philosophical practitioner’s ethical responsibilities similar or different when the subjects are children or adults? Does every methodology have a “hidden curriculum”? If so, what is the hidden curriculum of P4C? What distinguishes dialogical from monological practice? May one have the appearance of the other? Is the “Socratic method” (Elenchus) as we conceive it dialogical? What, if any, are the uses of irony in philosophical practice? Should Socrates (or any other philosopher) be considered a model for P4C practitioners?
Apprentices’ Resources at Work and School in Switzerland: A Person-Centred Approach
Authors: Lüthi Fabienne , Stalder Barbara E. , Elferling Achim 
Published: August 2021

Context: Providing learners with quality resources at work and school is a key element of apprenticeships and is essential for developing vocational competencies and successful vocational careers. Drawing on previous research on situational and personal resources, we first explored work-related and school-related resource profiles of apprentices’ learning environments. We further analysed how core self-evaluations are linked to resource profiles and examined whether learners’ apprenticeship satisfaction and occupational commitment varied according to the resource profiles.Approach: We used latent profile analysis and multinomial logistic regressions, applying an integrative, person-centred approach. Our data came from the Swiss longitudinal study "Transition from Education to Employment" (TREE). The sample consisted of 1,185 apprentices enrolled in the second year of their apprenticeship.Findings: We found four profiles of situational resources (e.g., instruction quality, climate, learning opportunities, autonomy, and demands) at the two learning locations. The profiles embodied different patterns and levels of situational resources. Two profiles were characterised by overall high or average levels of situational resources at both learning locations; the other two illustrated a stark contrast between the resources provided in the workplace and at school. Learners with higher core self-evaluations were more likely to be in profiles with higher situational resources. Apprentices in more beneficial profiles were more satisfied with their apprenticeships and more committed to their occupations than those in profiles with lower resources.Conclusion: The results confirm the importance of providing apprentices with challenging, empowering, and supportive learning environments in the workplace and at vocational schools. To support learning and positive career development in apprenticeships, educators should strengthen learners’ core self-evaluations to empower them to shape their learning according to their needs.
Graphene THz filter–switch dividers based on dipole–quadrupole and magneto-optical resonance effects
Authors: Dmitriev Victor , Castro Wagner , Melo Geraldo , Oliveira Cristiano 
Published: August 2021

We propose and analyze a multifunctional THz graphene-based component with graphene elements placed on a dielectric substrate. The structure of the device consists of a disc shaped resonator coupled to three graphene waveguides that excite the dipole or quadrupole resonance of surface plasmon polaritons in the resonator. The graphene resonator can be magnetized by a DC magnetic field. This device fulfills filtering of the input signal and can be used as a power divider and also as a switch. The division mechanism of the T-junction can be provided by application of a DC magnetic field or by changing the Fermi energy of the graphene resonator via an electrostatic field. Some peculiarities of the two mechanisms are discussed. Numerical simulations show that for a central frequency of 7.12 THz, devices in the OFF state have the two output ports isolated from the input port at a central frequency of about 27 dB provided by the dipole mode resonance. In the ON state and the division regime, the transmission to the output ports is around

−

(
4
÷
5
)

d
B

in the 3-dB bandwidth of about 12%.
Immunogenicity of an oral rotavirus vaccine administered with prenatal nutritional support in Niger: A cluster randomized clinical trial
Authors: Isanaka Sheila , Garba Souna , Plikaytis Brian , Malone McNeal Monica , Guindo Ousmane , Langendorf Céline , Adehossi Eric , Ciglenecki Iza , Grais Rebecca F. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Nutritional status may play a role in infant immune development. To identify potential boosters of immunogenicity in low-income countries where oral vaccine efficacy is low, we tested the effect of prenatal nutritional supplementation on immune response to 3 doses of a live oral rotavirus vaccine.

Methods and findings
We nested a cluster randomized trial within a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized efficacy trial to assess the effect of 3 prenatal nutritional supplements (lipid-based nutrient supplement [LNS], multiple micronutrient supplement [MMS], or iron–folic acid [IFA]) on infant immune response (n = 53 villages and 1,525 infants with valid serology results: 794 in the vaccine group and 731 in the placebo group). From September 2015 to February 2017, participating women received prenatal nutrient supplement during pregnancy. Eligible infants were then randomized to receive 3 doses of an oral rotavirus vaccine or placebo at 6–8 weeks of age (mean age: 6.3 weeks, 50% female). Infant sera (pre-Dose 1 and 28 days post-Dose 3) were analyzed for anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin A (IgA) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The primary immunogenicity end point, seroconversion defined as ≥3-fold increase in IgA, was compared in vaccinated infants among the 3 supplement groups and between vaccine/placebo groups using mixed model analysis of variance procedures. Seroconversion did not differ by supplementation group (41.1% (94/229) with LNS vs. 39.1% (102/261) with multiple micronutrients (MMN) vs. 38.8% (118/304) with IFA, p = 0.91). Overall, 39.6% (n = 314/794) of infants who received vaccine seroconverted, compared to 29.0% (n = 212/731) of infants who received placebo (relative risk [RR]: 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18, 1.57, p < 0.001). This study was conducted in a high rotavirus transmission setting. Study limitations include the absence of an immune correlate of protection for rotavirus vaccines, with the implications of using serum anti-rotavirus IgA for the assessment of immunogenicity and efficacy in low-income countries unclear.

Conclusions
This study showed no effect of the type of prenatal nutrient supplementation on immune response in this setting. Immune response varied depending on previous exposure to rotavirus, suggesting that alternative delivery modalities and schedules may be considered to improve vaccine performance in high transmission settings.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02145000.
Diagnostic performance of deep-learning-based screening methods for diabetic retinopathy in primary care—A meta-analysis
Authors: Wewetzer Larisa , Held Linda A. , Steinhäuser Jost 
Published: August 2021

Background
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) affects 10–24% of patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2 in the primary care (PC) sector. As early detection is crucial for treatment, deep learning screening methods in PC setting could potentially aid in an accurate and timely diagnosis.

Purpose
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to determine the current state of knowledge regarding deep learning (DL) screening methods for DR in PC.

Data sources
A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify suitable studies.

Study selection
Suitable studies were selected by two researchers independently. Studies assessing DL methods and the suitability of these screening systems (diagnostic parameters such as sensitivity and specificity, information on datasets and setting) in PC were selected. Excluded were studies focusing on lesions, applying conventional diagnostic imaging tools, conducted in secondary or tertiary care, and all publication types other than original research studies on human subjects.

Data extraction
The following data was extracted from included studies: authors, title, year of publication, objectives, participants, setting, type of intervention/method, reference standard, grading scale, outcome measures, dataset, risk of bias, and performance measures.

Data synthesis and conclusion
The summed sensitivity of all included studies was 87% and specificity was 90%. Given a prevalence of DR of 10% in patients with DM Type 2 in PC, the negative predictive value is 98% while the positive predictive value is 49%.

Limitations
Selected studies showed a high variation in sample size and quality and quantity of available data.
Efficacy and cost effectiveness of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose versus iron sucrose in adult patients with iron deficiency anaemia
Authors: Basha Ahmad , Ibrahim Mohamed Izham Mohamed , Hamad Anas , Chandra Prem , Omar Nabil E. , Abdullah Mohamed Abdul Jaber , Aldapt Mahmood B. , Hussein Radwa M. , Mahfouz Ahmed , Adel Ahmad A. , Shwaylia Hawraa M. , Ekeibed Yaslem , AbuMousa Rami , Yassin Mohamed A. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a major health issues and common type of nutritional deficiency worldwide. For IDA treatment, intravenous (IV) iron is a useful therapy.

Objective
To determine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness (CE) of intravenous (IV) Ferric Carboxymaltose (FCM) versus IV Iron Sucrose (IS) in treating IDA.

Data sources
Electronic medical record i.e. Cerner® system.

Target population
Adults patients with iron deficiency anaemia.

Time horizon
A 12-month period (01/01/2018–31/12/2018).

Perspective
Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC, a public hospital).

Intervention
IV Ferric Carboxymaltose versus IV Iron Sucrose.

Outcome measures
With regard to responses to treatment i.e., efficacy of treatment with FCM & IS in IDA patients, hemoglobin (Hgb), ferritin, and transferrin saturation (TSAT) levels were the primary outcomes. Additionally, the researchers also collected levels of iron, platelet, white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV). The costs i.e. resources consumed (obtained from NCCCR-HMC) and the CE of FCM versus IS were the secondary outcomes.

Results of base-case analysis
There was a significant improvement in Hgb, RBC and MCH levels in the IS group than the FCM group. The overall cost of IS therapy was significantly higher than FCM. The medication cost for FCM was approximately 6.5 times higher than IS, nonetheless, it is cheaper in terms of bed cost and nursing cost. The cost effectiveness (CE) ratio illustrated that FCM and IS were significantly different in terms of Hgb, ferritin and MCH levels. Further, Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) indicated that further justifications and decisions need to be made for FCM when using Hgb, iron, TSAT, MCH and MCV levels as surrogate outcomes.

Results of sensitivity analysis
Not applicable.

Limitations
The study did not consider the clinical or humanistic outcome.

Conclusions
The higher cost of FCM versus IS can be offset by savings in healthcare personnel time and bed space. ICER indicated that further justifications and decisions need to be made for FCM when using Hgb, iron, TSAT, MCH and MCV levels as surrogate outcomes.