bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of offering a disposable EC versus NRT on smoking cessation outcomes: a retrospective community pharmacy study
Authors: Soar Kirstie , Doshi Jay , Cameron James 
Published: November 2021

_Background: _E-cigarettes (EC) are now a viable alternative to traditional pharmacotherapies for supporting a quit attempt, with increasing evidence demonstrating their efficacy for smoking cessation and are the most popular quitting aid within the UK. However, their effectiveness within a community pharmacy stop smoking service (SSS) has received limited attention.

_Objectives: _To measure the effectiveness of offering a disposable EC with and/or without nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) compared to NRT alone, on both 4-6 week and 12-week quit rates in adult smokers attending a community pharmacy.

_Methods: _ A non-randomised between subjects design was employed involving 1488 smokers willing to quit (835 = female; age = 41.98, SD= 11.31). Smokers choose either an EC, EC + NRT (EC condition) or NRT alone (NRT condition), alongside standard behavioural support.

_Results: _Overall quit rates at 4- weeks were 57%; 56% for those in the EC condition and 61% for those in the NRT condition. At 12 -weeks overall quit rates 30%; 30% in the EC condition and 32% in the NRT. There were no significant differences between conditions at either follow up period._ _

_Conclusions: _Four-week quit rates were in line with the national average. Offering a disposable EC showed to have comparable quit rates with those who received only NRT both at 4-6 and 12 weeks and that given the choice a significantly large number of smokers choose to use an EC within their cessation attempt within a community pharmacy setting
O uso da laserterapia de baixa intensidade na prática do enfermeiro: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Ferreira Larissa Pereira Stelet , Pérez Júnior Eugenio Fuentes , Pires Ariane da Silva , Gonçalves Francisco Gleidson de Azevedo , Nunes Alessandra Sant' Anna , Coutinho Vânia Lima , Moraes Advi Catarina Barbachan , Gomes Helena Ferraz , Peres Ellen Marcia , Mello Livia Fajin de , Andrade Priscila Cristina da Silva Thiengo de , Costa Carolina Cabral Pereira da , Souza Carolina Gomes da Silva de 
Published: November 2021

Objetivo: Analisar as produções científicas acerca da utilização do laser de baixa intensidade na prática do enfermeiro. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura realizada na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde que inclui, dentre outras, as seguintes bases de dados: LILACS, MEDLINE, BDENF, IBECS, CUMED e nas bases de dados SciELO, PUBMED e Science Direct Online, entre os anos de 2016 e 2021. Resultados: Foram analisados dezesseis estudos. Em relação ao ano das publicações, evidenciou-se que dois são do ano 2016 (12,5%); três de 2018 (18,75%); quatro de 2019 (25%); quatro de 2020 (25%); três de 2021 (18,75%). Quanto a metodologia usada nas pesquisas, observou-se que dez são revisão integrativa/sistemática/bibliográfica (62,5%); dois são qualitativos (12,5%) e de estudos randomizados (12,5%); um estudo descritivo (6,25%); um estudo metodológico (6,25%). Identificou-se que se destaca como o uso mais frequente na prática do enfermeiro o uso do laser como terapia complementar no processo de cicatrização e reparo tecidual de lesões cutaneomucosas (81,2%), outras utilizações do laser pelo enfermeiro observadas foram: finalidade analgésica (25%); terapia complementar na drenagem de edemas e laser-acupuntura (18,75%); tratamento de infecções fúngicas (12,5%). Conclusão: Nos últimos cinco anos foi possível identificar a escassez da produção científica na área. A produção encontrada nas bases de dados nacionais e internacionais são incipientes e apresentam métodos baseados em revisões e poucos estudos clínicos de alto rigor metodológico.
ANALISIS RISIKO OPERASIONAL DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Jener David Syamsia  , Dr. Ir. Ktut Silvanita Mangani, MA  , Dr. M.L. Denny Tewu, SE.MM  
Published: November 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan di Perguruan Tinggi tentang risiko operasional. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis risiko operasional yang diakibatkan dari hubungan kelembagaan Yayasan XY dan Universitas X. Secara spesifik tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi kejadian-kejadian yang tidak dikehendaki (KTD) yang diakibatkan dari hubungan kelembagaan antara Yayasan XYdanUniversitas X;(2) menganalisis seberapa besar risiko operasional dari kejadian-kejadian yang tidak dikehendaki; dan (3) memitigasi risiko sesuai dengan peluang dan dampak.Untuk menemukan data yang valid dan reliable maka metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi partisipatif, wawancara,studi dokumen, dan angket. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada sepuluh kejadian yang tidak dikehendaki yaitu (1) pengangkatan dosen dan pegawai tidak sesuai SOP; (2) aktivitas perkuliahan terhambat; (3) peran YPKH yang pasif; (4) pemberhentian rektor tidak sesuai amanat statuta; (5) intervensi dewan Pembina;
(6) kurangnya kompetensi direktur human resources development; (7) penunjukan rektor tidak sesuai kebutuhan kampus pasca konflik; (8) pembayaran biaya kuliah secaracicil; (9) sistem akademik dan keuangan belum terintegrasi; dan (10) budaya masyarakat yang tidak mendukung. Risiko yang ditimbulkan dari kejadian yang tidak diinginkan dengan bobot risiko sedang sampai sangat tinggi. Kejadian yang tidak dikehendaki telah dimitigasi sesuai dengan peluang dan dampak.
The Sub-Daily Variability of Aerosol Loading and Associated Radiative Forcing Over the Indian Region
Authors: Mukherjee T. , Vinoj V. 
Published: November 2021

The sub-daily variability of aerosols affects the estimates of daily mean aerosol loading. However, large spatial scale estimates of their climate effects are mostly based on snapshots from low orbit satellites that may bias the mean estimate for daily, monthly, or annual timescales. In this study, an attempt is made to estimate the magnitude of such bias based on ground and satellite-based datasets. Using ground-based measurements, we show an apparent asymmetry (of the order of 10–50%) in the sub-daily variability of aerosol loading over the Indian region. For the first time, it is reported that this sub-daily variability has a spatial pattern with an increasing amplitude toward the east of the subcontinent. We also find this variability in aerosol loading is well-captured by the satellites but with a lower amplitude. Our study shows that such differences could alter the annual surface radiative forcing estimates by more than ∼15 W m−2 over this region. We find that NASA’s Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2), a state-of-the-art model-based chemical reanalysis, is unable to capture these sub-daily variabilities. This implies that both model and satellite-based radiative forcing estimates for large spatial scales should improve aerosol sub-daily information/variabilities for obtaining reliable radiative forcing estimates.
Autonomic Imbalance Increases the Risk for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Jung Inha , Lee Da Young , Lee Mi Yeon , Kwon Hyemi , Rhee Eun-Jung , Park Cheol-Young , Oh Ki-Won , Lee Won-Young , Park Sung-Woo , Park Se Eun 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundAlthough autonomic imbalance is associated with an increased risk for metabolic disease, its effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate whether autonomic dysfunction predicts the risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsA total of 33,899 participants without NAFLD who underwent health screening programs between 2011 and 2018 were enrolled. NAFLD was identified by ultrasonography. Autonomic activity was estimated using heart rate variability (HRV). Time domain [standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval (SDNN) and root mean square difference (RMSSD)]; frequency domain [total power (TP), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio were analyzed.FindingsA total 6,466 participants developed NAFLD within a median of 5.7 years. Subjects with incident NAFLD showed decreased overall autonomic modulation and vagal activity with lowered SDNN, RMSSD, HF, normalized HF, compared to those without NAFLD. As the SDNN, RMSSD, TP, LF, and HF tertiles increased, the risk of NAFLD decreased with tertile 1 being the reference group [the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of tertile 3 were 0.90 (0.85–0.96), 0.83 (0.78–0.88), 0.91 (0.86-0.97), 0.93 (0.87-0.99) and 0.89 (0.83-0.94), respectively] after adjusting for potential confounders. The risk for NAFLD was significantly higher in subjects in whom sustained elevated heart rate, normalized LF, and LF/HF ratio values than in those with sustained decrease in these parameters during follow-up.ConclusionsOverall autonomic imbalance, decreased parasympathetic activity, and recently increased sympathetic activity might increase the risk of NAFLD.
Preference of Women for Gestational Diabetes Screening Method According to Tolerance of Tests and Population Characteristics
Authors: Raets Lore , Vandewinkel Marie , Van Crombrugge Paul , Moyson Carolien , Verhaeghe Johan , Vandeginste Sofie , Verlaenen Hilde , Vercammen Chris , Maes Toon , Dufraimont Els , Roggen Nele , De Block Christophe , Jacquemyn Yves , Mekahli Farah , De Clippel Katrien , Van Den Bruel Annick , Loccufier Anne , Laenen Annouschka , Devlieger Roland , Mathieu Chantal , Benhalima Katrien 
Published: November 2021

AimsTo determine the preferred method of screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods1804 women from a prospective study (NCT02036619) received a glucose challenge test (GCT) and 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) between 24-28 weeks. Tolerance of screening tests and preference for screening strategy (two-step screening strategy with GCT compared to one-step screening strategy with OGTT) were evaluated by a self-designed questionnaire at the time of the GCT and OGTT.ResultsCompared to women who preferred one-step screening [26.2% (472)], women who preferred two-step screening [46.3% (834)] were less often from a minor ethnic background [6.0% (50) vs. 10.7% (50), p=0.003], had less often a previous history of GDM [7.3% (29) vs. 13.8% (32), p=0.008], were less often overweight or obese [respectively 23.1% (50) vs. 24.8% (116), p&lt;0.001 and 7.9% (66) vs. 18.2% (85), p&lt;0.001], were less insulin resistant in early pregnancy (HOMA-IR 8.9 (6.4-12.3) vs. 9.9 (7.2-14.2), p&lt;0.001], and pregnancy outcomes were similar except for fewer labor inductions and emergency cesarean sections [respectively 26.6% (198) vs. 32.5% (137), p=0.031 and 8.2% (68) vs. 13.0% (61), p=0.005]. Women who preferred two-step screening had more often complaints of the OGTT compared to women who preferred one-step screening [50.4% (420) vs. 40.3% (190), p&lt;0.001].ConclusionsA two-step GDM screening involving a GCT and subsequent OGTT is the preferred GDM screening strategy. Women with a more adverse metabolic profile preferred one-step screening with OGTT while women preferring two-step screening had a better metabolic profile and more discomfort of the OGTT. The preference for the GDM screening method is in line with the recommended Flemish modified two-step screening method, in which women at higher risk for GDM are recommended a one-step screening strategy with an OGTT, while women without these risk factors, are offered a two-step screening strategy with GCT.Clinical Trial RegistrationNCT02036619 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02036619
SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy: Clinical Signs, Placental Pathology, and Neonatal Outcome—Implications for Clinical Care
Authors: Moresi Sascia , Dell'Aquila Marco , Salvi Silvia , Rullo Roberta , Fruci Stefano , Stollagli Francesca , Arena Vincenzo , Lanzone Antonio 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The current COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with high rates of mortality and significant morbidity. Both the risk of infection for pregnant women and the risk of vertical transmission have been evaluated, and the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been demonstrated both in the placenta and in the amniochorionic membranes. However, the actual effects of this pathogen on pregnancy and on placental morphology are still unclear.Objective: To describe histopathologic findings in the placentas of women with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and their correlation with clinical signs and perinatal outcome.Methods: Placental tissues from pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection delivering between March 2020 and February 2021 were analyzed.Results: One hundred six placentas from women with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy who delivered in Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli were examined. Most of them were asymptomatic. All neonates had available test results for SARS-CoV-2 and only one resulted positive. Placental tissues mainly showed signs of maternal vascular malperfusion and of placenta injury in terms of syncytial node increase (96.2%), villar agglutination (77.3%), neointimal hyperplasia (76.4%), excessive fibrin deposition (43.3%), and chorangiosis (35.8%). No significant differences in the frequency of the histopathological lesions were observed according to maternal symptoms.Conclusion: Looking to placental tissues from SARS-CoV-2 positive women at the screening performed close to delivery, placental injuries could be detected without any correlation with fetal and neonatal outcomes. We hypothesize that short latency between SARS-CoV-2 infection and delivery is the main reason for these observations.
Bone Marrow-Resident Vδ1 T Cells Co-express TIGIT With PD-1, TIM-3 or CD39 in AML and Myeloma
Authors: Brauneck Franziska , Weimer Pauline , Schulze zur Wiesch Julian , Weisel Katja , Leypoldt Lisa , Vohwinkel Gabi , Fritzsche Britta , Bokemeyer Carsten , Wellbrock Jasmin , Fiedler Walter 
Published: November 2021

Background: γδ T cells represent a unique T cell subpopulation due to their ability to recognize cancer cells in a T cell receptor- (TCR) dependent manner, but also in a non-major histocompatibility complex- (MHC) restricted way via natural killer receptors (NKRs). Endowed with these features, they represent attractive effectors for immuno-therapeutic strategies with a better safety profile and a more favorable anti-tumor efficacy in comparison to conventional αβ T cells. Also, remarkable progress has been achieved re-activating exhausted T lymphocytes with inhibitors of co-regulatory receptors e.g., programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) and of the adenosine pathway (CD39, CD73). Regarding γδ T cells, little evidence is available. This study aimed to immunophenotypically characterize γδ T cells from patients with diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in comparison to patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and healthy donors (HD).Methods: The frequency, differentiation, activation, and exhaustion status of bone marrow- (BM) derived γδ T cells from patients with AML (n = 10) and MM (n = 11) were assessed in comparison to corresponding CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and peripheral blood- (PB) derived γδ T cells from HDs (n = 16) using multiparameter flow cytometry.Results: BM-infiltrating Vδ1 T cells showed an increased terminally differentiated cell population (TEMRAs) in AML and MM in comparison to HDs with an aberrant subpopulation of CD27−CD45RA++ cells. TIGIT, PD-1, TIM-3, and CD39 were more frequently expressed by γδ T cells in comparison to the corresponding CD4+ T cell population, with expression levels that were similar to that on CD8+ effector cells in both hematologic malignancies. In comparison to Vδ2 T cells, the increased frequency of PD-1+-, TIGIT+-, TIM-3+, and CD39+ cells was specifically observed on Vδ1 T cells and related to the TEMRA Vδ1 population with a significant co-expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 together with TIGIT.Conclusion: Our results revealed that BM-resident γδ T cells in AML and MM express TIGIT, PD-1, TIM-3 and CD39. As effector population for autologous and allogeneic strategies, inhibition of co-inhibitory receptors on especially Vδ1 γδ T cells may lead to re-invigoration that could further increase their cytotoxic potential.
Systemic Therapy for Microsatellite Instability Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma With Mesenteric Vascular Embolism as Initial Symptom: A Case Report
Authors: Dong Zhongyi , Xia Xiang , Zhang Zizhen 
Published: November 2021

Background: Small bowel adenocarcinoma are relatively rare tumors of the digestive system. Due to the lack of specific screening methods, patients are often diagnosed at an advanced stage. At present, there is no specific surgical guidance and chemotherapy regimen for small bowel adenocarcinoma. Here, we report a rare small bowel adenocarcinoma case with mesenteric vascular embolization and microsatellite instability, in which palliative surgery combined with chemotherapy and anti-Programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1) therapy resulted in complete remission.Case Presentation: The patient was a 55-year-old man who was admitted for suspected small bowel adenocarcinoma combined with incomplete ileus, mesenteric vascular occlusion and distant metastasis. We performed palliative surgery to remove adenocarcinoma as well as relieve obstruction. Then according to the pathological and immunohistochemical results (Stage IV and microsatellite instability), we used XELOX regimen combined with anti-PD-1 therapy. In last 2 years follow up, this patient achieved complete remission.Conclusions: The possibility of small intestinal tumor should be considered in patients with mesenteric vascular obstruction. PD-1 blockade is an effective therapy for small bowel adenocarcinoma with microsatellite instability.
Thrombocytopenia Is an Independent Risk Factor for the Prognosis of Thrombotic Microangiopathy in Chinese Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Yang Fan , Tian Junwei , Peng Linyi , Zhang Li , Liu Jia , Tian Xinping , Zhang Wen , Li Mengtao , Zhao Yan , Zhang Fengchun , Zeng Xiaofeng , Wang Li , Leng Xiaomei 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: This study aims to describe clinical characteristics and outcome of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) in Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and investigate the risk factors.Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center cohort and enrolled patients of TMA associated with SLE between January 2015 and December 2018. Demographic characteristics, clinical features, laboratory profiles, therapeutic strategies, and outcomes were collected. The risk factors of TMA in patients with SLE for mortality using multivariate analysis were estimated.Results: A total of 119 patients with a diagnosis of TMA were enrolled within the study period in our center, and SLE was found in 72 (60.5%) patients. The mean age was 29.2 ± 10.1 and 65 (92.3%) were women. Only 15 patients were found with definite causes, the other 57 cases remained with unclear reasons. Sixty-two patients got improved, while 10 patients died after treatment (mortality rate: 13.9%). Compared with the survival group, the deceased group had a higher prevalence of neuropsychiatric manifestations, infection with two or more sites, increased levels of C-reaction protein (CRP) and D-Dimer, and decreased platelet count. Multivariate analysis showed that the decrease of platelet count is the independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality for TMA in patients with SLE. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis displayed that a cutoff value of &lt;18 × 109/L for platelet count could significantly increase the risk of death.Conclusions: Thrombotic microangiopathy often occurs in patients with active SLE with high mortality (13.9%), and thrombocytopenia, especially when the platelet count is lower than 18 × 109/L, is the risk factor for death.
The Association Between Placental Residual Blood Volume and Two Placental Transfusion Methods After Delivery at Term
Authors: Hung Tai-Ho , Chuang Ya-Chun , Huang Lulu 
Published: November 2021

Background: Despite reports of the beneficial effects, such as increasing hemoglobin level and iron store in the neonatal period, of delayed cord clamping, or umbilical cord milking after delivery in healthy term-born infants, the duration of delayed clamping or rounds of milking in most previous reports were determined arbitrarily and varied widely across different studies.Methods: We prospectively recruited 80 women with normal singleton pregnancies at 38–40 weeks' gestation. Participants were classified according to the mode of delivery and randomly assigned to either collecting blood from the placenta by umbilical cord drainage (CD) or cord milking (CM), with the placenta left in the uterus. The volume of blood collected, the duration of CD, and the number of rounds of CM were recorded.Results: Collected placental residual blood volume positively correlated with birth weight, placental weight, and length of the cord. When 80% of the total placental residual blood volume collected was set as the threshold, more than 80% of women who delivered vaginally reached this level within 60 s of CD or seven repetitions of CM. This amount of blood could be obtained within 120 s of CD or after seven repetitions of CM in more than 80% of women who underwent cesarean delivery.Conclusion: In most women, regardless of birth weight and placental weight, more than 80% of placental residual blood volume could be collected by CD within 60 s after vaginal delivery, 120 s after cesarean delivery, and seven repetitions of CM in both vaginal and cesarean deliveries.
Anticonstriction Effect of MCA in Rats by Danggui Buxue Decoction
Authors: Guo Ying , Zhang Yating , Hou Ya , Guo Pengmei , Wang Xiaobo , Zhang Sanyin , Yang Peng 
Published: November 2021

Objective: Danggui Buxue decoction (DBD), consisting of Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR) and Astragali Radix (AR), is a famous prescription with the function of antivasoconstriction. This study intends to probe its mechanisms on the relaxation of the middle cerebral artery (MCA).Methods: Vascular tension of rat MCA was measured using a DMT620 M system. First, the identical series of concentrations of DBD, ASR, and AR were added into resting KCl and U46619 preconstricted MCA. According to the compatibility ratio, their dilatation effects were further investigated on KCl and U46619 preconstricted vessels. Third, four K+ channel blockers were employed to probe the vasodilator mechanism on KCl-contracted MCA. We finally examined the effects of DBD, ASR, and AR on the vascular tone of U46619-contracted MCA in the presence or absence of Ca2+.Results: Data suggested that DBD, ASR, and AR can relax on KCl and U46619 precontracted MCA with no effects on resting vessels. The vasodilator effect of ASR was greater than those of DBD and AR on KCl-contracted MCA. For U46619-contracted MCA, ASR showed a stronger vasodilator effect than DBD and AR at low concentrations, but DBD was stronger than ASR at high concentrations. Amazingly, the vasodilator effect of DBD was stronger than that of AR at all concentrations on two vasoconstrictors which evoked MCA. The vasodilator effect of ASR was superior to that of DBD at a compatibility ratio on KCl-contracted MCA at low concentrations, while being inferior to DBD at high concentrations. However, DBD exceeded AR in vasodilating MCA at all concentrations. For U46619-constricted MCA, DBD, ASR, and AR had almost identical vasodilation. The dilation of DBD and AR on KCl-contracted MCA was independent of K+ channel blockers. However, ASR may inhibit the K+ channel opening partially through synergistic interactions with Gli and BaCl2. DBD, ASR, and AR may be responsible for inhibiting [Ca2+]out, while ASR and AR can also inhibit [Ca2+]in.Conclusion: DBD can relax MCA with no effects on resting vessels. The mechanism may be related to ASR’s inhibition of KATP and Kir channels. Meanwhile, the inhibition of [Ca2+]out by DBD, ASR, and AR as well as the inhibition of [Ca2+]in by ASR and AR may contribute to dilate MCA.