bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konsep Jihad dalam Al-Quran
Authors: Kerwanto Kerwanto Kerwanto 
Published: December 2021

This article is a response to the growing radical understanding of religion and the rejection of Pancasila as the nation's ideology in the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). This article is also an offer of thought for the Deradicalization of Al-Quran Verses. Namely, as an effort to reinterpret several verses of the Qur'an which have the potential to be understood by some as the basis for acts of violence or coercion of certain ideologies.
In this article, the author uses the theosophical esoteric interpretation approach such as Haidar Amuli (d. 1385), as an analytical tool to explore the content of several verses of the Qur’an related to jihad. This paper can also be referred to as thematic interpretation because the author tries to discuss (analyze) the content of the verses of the Qur'an based on a theme and tries to follow the steps of the thematic method in interpretation.
Through an esoteric approach, in this article, jihad will not only be interpreted as a physical war taking up arms. Jihad has several levels of meaning, such as jihad of ahl shariah, ahl tariqah, and ahl haqiqa. Furthermore, by analyzing the historical context, the jihad verses can be interpreted as a movement for mental revolution and social moral improvement.
PERANAN ELPIDIUS VAN DUIJHOVEN TERHADAP PENYEBARAN AGAMA KATOLIK DI SIMALUNGUN
Authors: Hutabarat Niko Adriano , Simangunsong Lister Eva 
Published: December 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang proses penyebaran Agama Katolik oleh Elpidius van Duijhoven, untuk mengetahui bagaimana kondisi religi masyarakat Simalungun khususnya Saribudolok sebelum dan sesudah kedatangan Elpidius van Duijhoven , untuk mengetahui apa saja peranan yang dilakukan Pastor Elpidius dalam menyebarkan Agama Katolik di Simalungun. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Historis dengan data kualitatif. Dengan mengumpulkan data-data, penulis melakukan penelitian kepustakaan dengan mengumpulkan buku-buku, dokumen, dan sejenisnya. Selain itu untuk mendukung data, penulis juga melakukan penelitian lapangan dengan observasi,wawancara dan data dokumentasi. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan maka diketahui bahwa sebelum Pastor Elpidius datang ke Simalungun, masyarakat Simalungun khususnya Saribudolok saat itu sudah memiliki aliran kepercayaan sendiri,Setelah kedatangan Pastor Elpidius sejak tahun 1934, masyarakat Saribudolok berangsur-angsur mau menerima Agama Katolik. Agama Katolik pertama kali disebarkan Di Sabah Dua kemudian Sirpang Sigodang, Pematang Raya, Pematang Purba kemudian ke Haranggaol, Saribudolok hingga ke Karo dan Aceh Tenggara. Berbagai peranan yang dilakukan PastorElpidius antara lain Mendirikan Gereja di Purba Hinalang dan Saribudolok serta sekolah.
A Calculation Method for the Deformation Behavior of Warp-Knitted Fabric
Authors: Liu Haisang , Jiang Gaoming , Dong Zhijia , Jin Shuai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a new method to simulate the structure and loop deformation behavior of double-bar reflex-lapping warp-knitted fabrics based on the structural characteristics is proposed. A simplified mass-spring model was built in which loops knitted by filaments were considered as particles with the uniform mass distribution connected by structure springs for overlaps and shear springs for underlaps. Deformation forces and direction on particles were analyzed to describe the displacement and deformation behavior of particles. A loop model with eight control points was established, and the relationship between control points and particles was studied combining the quadratic Bezier curves. The deformation simulation was implemented by a simulator program with C# and JavaScript via web technology on Visual Studio 2015. The stereoscopic sense of filaments was realized by changing the direction and intensity of the light. The results show that the fabric deformation and the loop shape can be accurately achieve using the simplified mass-spring model compared with the real sample.
Factors determining the operational self-sufficiency of microfinance institutions
Authors: Hadžiahmetović Nejra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The main aim of this paper is to explore the factors determining Microfinance institutions (MFIs) self-sufficiency. The data on selected variables for this research were obtained from the public MIX Market Database and cover the year of 2017. The empirical model is constructed with application of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Logistic regression analysis. Sample is consisted of 342 MFIs from all around the world, with 21 independent variables grouped into eight factors/components, and OSS (operational self-sufficiency) as dependent variable. The obtained results suggest that higher revenue and MFIs profitability combined with decrease of credit risk lead to higher probability of MFI to be self-sufficient. These results also confirm widespread belief that MFIs will not be able to achieve their social goals without achieving sustainable profitability. In addition, results also confirm importance of MFIs core mission as with increase in outreach, probability of MFIs achieving self-sustainability also increases.
Salt and Drought Effect on Germination and Initial Growth of Lavandula stoechas: A Potential Candidate for Rehabilitation of the Mediterranean Disturbed Coastal Lands
Authors: Dadach Mohammed , Benajaoud Ali , Mehdadi Zoheir 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Information relating to germination and seedling emergence of a plant aids in determining the species spatiotemporal distribution and also facilitates in designing appropriate plant management strategies within an ecosystem. Lavandula stoechas L. (Lamiaceae), a naturally occurring shrub, is particularly used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. This species, indeed, has the potential for rehabilitation of degraded costal lands. However, various aspects of its seed biology have not yet been recognised. Here, we aimed to assess the effects of different soluble salts (NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 and Na2SO4) and drought (as simulated by polyethylene glycol, [PEG]6000) on seed germination patterns and early seedling growth responses. Seeds treated with five iso-concentration (0–100 mM) salinities and five PEG6000 (0 to −1 MPa) levels were incubated in a controlled germinator set at 20°C. The preliminary results revealed that seeds of L. stoechas lacked primary/innate dormancy and they germinated abundantly (89.2% germination) and fast (7.4% day−1) in the absence of stress. Regardless of the kind of salt applied, the germination percentage (GP) and germination rate index (GRI) fell significantly with increasing salinity, and germination ceased completely at 100 mM Na2SO4. In fact, the salinity tolerance index (STI) showed that, among all salts tested, Na2SO4 appeared to have more inhibitory action on germination. In addition, L. stoechas was found to be tolerant to moderate salty stress (<50 mM) in early growth phase. The salt solution parameters (i.e. concentration, electrical conductivity [EC] and salt content) were best correlated with seed/seedling metrics. pH was not a good predictor for salt effects at the germination/seedling stages. Overall, this species seems to be sensitive to drought at the germination and initial growth phases. The germination recovery potential of L. stoechas in both stresses stipulates that this species can be regarded as a promising candidate in the rehabilitation of Mediterranean disturbed coastal habitats.
Great Tits’, Parus major (Passeriformes, Turdidae), Diet in Transformed Forest Ecosystems of Northeastern Ukraine
Authors: Yuzyk Diana , Chaplyhina Angela 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The diet spectrum of the great tit (Parus major L., 1758) was studied in transformed forests of northeastern Ukraine. Four forest ecosystems were surveyed: four model sites in oak woodlands and in a pine–oak forest with different stages of recreational digression. Forty-seven taxa of invertebrates (n = 325) were detected in the ration of great tit chicks. Insecta (72.4%): Lepidoptera (seven families, 35.9%), Hymenoptera (two families, 21.0%), Diptera (seven families, 2.7%) and Coleoptera (four families, 1.8%) were among them. In terms of the qualitative composition of invertebrates (20 species, 42.6%) and the proportion of seized food objects (159 objects), phytophages prevailed. The food composition of great tit chicks was the most similar in territories MS1 and MS4. It contained six common taxa for these territories (Stugren–Radulescu Index = 0.7, Jaccard = 0.2, Sorensen = 0.3).
Four major literary code-switching strategies in Hungarian literature. Decoding monolingualism
Authors: Domokos Johanna , Deganutti Marianna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The field of literary multilingualism has quickly grown over the last decades. Multiple studies have examined the way linguistic diversity manifests itself in literature by focusing on specific strategies such as code-switching, code-mixing, code-shifting, hybridization, etc. However, the current understanding of multilingual practices is still dominated by a remarkable terminological inconsistency. In this article, we provide a new theoretical framework called ‘literary code-switching’ (Domokos 2018–2020), that can be used to examine most literary multilingual practices – from the most hidden or latent to the more manifest ones. This formulation, which is scaled into degrees from 0 to 5, will be applied to some key examples taken from the works of Imre Madách, Mihály Tompa, Imre Oravecz, Attila Jász, Ferenc Karinthy, Terézia Mora and Anne Tardos. The aim of picking up these heuristic examples from Hungarian literature is to point towards the necessity of investigating literature more systematically according to its hidden and manifest linguistic diversity.
On the enregisterment of Szekler. Communicational stereotypes recreated in the sketch Úgy-e, Magdi? by Open Stage
Authors: Németh Boglárka 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article aims at unfolding the key linguistic aspects of nowadays’ stereotypical Szekler-representations through a case study on a satirical representation of regional communicative practices in the locally well-known sketch Úgy-e, Magdi? (‘Right, Magdi?’) by Open Stage. The research is mainly centred around the concept of enregisterment, thus the work is meant to be a contribution to the scarce literature on the enregisterment of Szekler (and Hungarian dialects in general) and on regional communicative practices. After providing a brief overview of the key areas and aspects along which the Szekler dialect has been enregistered so far in public discourse and in linguistics, the article tries to capture the main attributes which create the authentic Szekler voice for Hungarian speakers through analyzing the plot, the characterological figures and the linguistic repertoire conveyed by the sketch, as well as the online reactions to it given by viewers. Besides examining the most prominent phonological/phonetic, lexical and grammatical phenomena construed as characteristic to Szekler, the article also touches upon some regional conversational features depicted through stylization by the sketch.
Initial Rotor Position Detection of Induction Machines Using Feedforward Sensorless Saliency Separation
Authors: Montero Eduardo Rodriguez , Vogelsberger Markus , Wolbank Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The use of induction machine spatial saliencies for sensorless vector control in the proximity of zero electrical frequency has been extensively researched over the last few decades. A robust technique to extract machine saliencies is called voltage step excitation, and it computes a saliency phasor out of phase current derivatives resulting from specific voltage steps generated by the inverter switching. Within the saliency phasor, all machine saliencies appear superposed. For some machine constructions, multiple saliencies are present, containing information about the spatial, magnetic and geometric state of the machine. Due to its direct relation with the rotor angle and its high accuracy, rotor slotting saliency is often chosen as the sensorless control signal. In order to exclusively access rotor slotting, saliency separation needs to be carried out, with the goal of eliminating all non-control saliencies from the saliency phasor. In this research, feedforward harmonic compensation based on look-up tables (LUTs) is chosen. The idea is to estimate each saliency in relation to amplitude and phase shift once, store such information in a torque-dependent LUT and use it for feedforward compensation. Yet, several saliencies are linked to the rotor position and, thus, the stored phase shift in the LUT is fixed to a defined rotor position at which the saliency estimation was performed. For the feedforward compensation to work during each sensorless start-up, an initial rotor slot detection must be carried out. This paper presents a technique to estimate initial rotor angle based only on the inherent characteristics of the induction machine multi-saliencies and an iterative feedforward compensation process that requires no extra resources and only a few PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) periods to achieve initial slot rotor angle. Experimental results measured at two different test benches prove the high accuracy of the method.
Pre-treatment Effect on Physical and Microbial Parameters of Smoked Baltic Sprats
Authors: Puke Santa , Galoburda Ruta 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Smoked sprats are delicious and nutritionally valuable product. Besides protein, it contains high amount of unsaturated fatty acids and fat soluble vitamins. Nowadays, human interest for fish product consumption is increasing. It leads to the demand for increased shelf life of the smoked sprats. One way to prolong the shelf life is to use some pre-treatment prior to smoking. The aim of study was to analyse the effect of pre-treatment on smoked Baltic sprat quality and microbiological parameters. Various compositions of brine using salts (NaCl, CaCl2) and acetic acid in different proportions were used for fresh sprat pre-treatment. Pre-treatment had the influence on physical parameters; pre-treated samples had higher salt and lower moisture content, and lower pH, which allowed prolonging the shelf life of smoked sprats. The highest pH was in the control sample 6.6, and it allowed growth of yeasts, moulds, Pseudomonas spp., and mesophilic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms. The results demonstrated that after two-week storage of the smoked sprats the growth of moulds (1×102 CFU g−1) was observed only for smoked sprats without pre-treatment (control sample), indicating the positive effect of pre-treatment. Salmonella spp., Clostridium perfingens, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli were not detected in any of the analysed samples. After pre-treatment in brine, containing combination of NaCl and CaCl2, smoked fish had darker colour compared to control sample or sample with sodium chloride only. Any of applied pre-treatments, except brine containing NaCl, made firmer texture of the smoked fish.
Influence of Veneer Density on Plywood Thickness and Some Mechanical Properties
Authors: Kūliņš Laimonis , Meija Anete , Roziņš Rihards , Liepa Kārlis Hermanis , Spulle Uldis 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
It has been common knowledge that as the density of wood increases, the mechanical properties also improve. In turn, the density of wood depends on many factors, including the wood moisture content, location and cross-section in the trunk, the type of treatment and the parameters of technological processes. There is a great deal of research reported in the scientific literature on the effect of solid wood density on mechanical properties for different wood species as well as for structural timber. However, no research data can be found related investigation of the influence of veneer density on the properties of the birch plywood.
In the present study, researching the properties of 7-ply birch plywood (thickness 9 mm), it was concluded that as the density of veneers increases, the bending properties of plywood in the direction of wood fibers (covered veneers) increases. When determining the plywood gluing quality, similar tendencies have been observed. For plywood with a lower density in all veneer plies the gluing quality (tensile-shear test) for perpendicular wood fiber veneers increases in the direction from the symmetry axis or middle veneer to the plywood outer plies, which can be explained by the fact that the outer plies become denser at the time of the hot pressing process. The results of the study will allow birch plywood manufacturers in direct production, sort veneers by density, to produce plywood with very predictable gluing quality, plywood thickness and mechanical properties in bending.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Thermal Inactivation of Thermoanaerobacterium Thermosaccharolyticum and Geobacillus Stearothermophilus in Different Canned Food Matrices
Authors: Raits Evalds , Raita Svetlana , Kirse-Ozolina Asnate , Muizniece-Brasava Sandra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the canning industry, thermal preservation processes typically are designed based on Clostridium botulinum thermal destruction kinetics. However, some bacteria can still survive, necessitating implementation of stricter timetemperature regimen for sterilization process. The aim of this study was to compare processing effectiveness at F0 (sterilization value) 8 ±1 min from the perspective of the vegetable-based product canning facility, while analyzing the inactivation, viability, and recovery of thermophilic bacteria. Four commercial products [tomato soup and rassolnik soup - acidified food (AF), and mushroom soup and pea porridge - low-acid food (LACF)] with different heat transfer characteristics (convection and conduction) were inoculated with 6.6 log10 spores/ml Geobacillus stearothermophilus LMKK 244 (reported as DSM 6790 and ATCC 10149 in other collections) and 4.810 log spores/ml Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum DSM 571 spore suspensions. Food samples contaminated with bacterial spores were processed in a steam-air retort at 118 °C for 75 min. G. stearothermophilus and T. thermosaccharolyticum growth was not detected in AF samples (pH = 4.4 and 4.5), but was observed in LACF samples (pH = 5.1 and 5.8). Practical evaluation showed that T. thermosaccharolyticum did not survive thermal processing, which was verified using a presence/absence test after incubation at 55 °C. G. stearothermophilus did not survive thermal processing, but recovered in pea porridge (pH = 5.8) during incubation. Our observations showed that food pH is a crucial factor determining microorganism survival during heat treatment and may be used by the vegetable-based product canning facilities to improve the food sterilization conditions.
The Influence of Germinated Hull-less Barley Sordough Fermentation Conditions on the Microbiota Development
Authors: Klava Dace , Poisa Iveta , Reidzane Sanita , Kince Tatjana , Kazantseva Jekaterina , Traksmaa Anna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sourdough plays an important role in quality assurance, especially during developing wholegrain wheat bread products. The value of barley and hull-less barley grains is determined by the low lipid and high carbohydrate (starch and resistant starch) content, balanced amino acid profile, dietary fibre and phenolic compounds. During germination (24 h) the amount of sugar, amino acids and vitamins increase in the grains. Therefore, it could be optimal environment for microbiota growth in sourdough. The goal of the research was to find optimal technological parameters and to study microorganism growth dynamic during the fermentation of sourdough with germinated hull-less barley. The study was performed using three steps of fermentation, with different temperature and time parameters. At each step pH, dynamics of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), yeast-like fungi and total plate count (TPC) growth were determined using standard methods. The results of the study showed that the optimal fermentation conditions for the first stage are 48 h and 26 ± 1 °C, for the second stage 8 h and 26 ± 1 °C and for the third stage 20 h and 28 ± 1 °C. During fermentation of the sourdough, the pH 3.91 is reached, LAB 8.8 log10 CFU g−1, and the yeast-like fungi 8.7 log10 CFU g−1 was determined. Obtained data show that more than 80 bacteria and 50 microscopic fungal species were detected in hull-less barley flour, but after germination their diversity decreased and in the germinated hull-less barley sourdoughs dominated species were Pediococcus pentosaceus.
Cystatin C and cystatin SN as possible soluble tumor markers in malignant uveal melanoma
Authors: Dikovskaya Maria A. , Russkikh Galina S. , Loktev Konstantin V. , Johnston Thomas P. , Gevorgyan Margarita M. , Voronina Natalya P. , Chernykh Valery V. , Trunov Alexander N. , Korolenko Tatiana A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of endogenous cystatin C and cystatin SN, as potential tumor biomarkers, in the serum and biological fluids of the eye in both healthy controls and patients with uveal melanoma.

Patients and methods
The concentration of both cystatins was determined in the intraocular fluid (IOF), tear fluid, and serum of patients with uveal melanoma and compared to baseline measurements in IOF, tears, serum, cerebral spinal fluid, saliva and urine of healthy controls.

Results
The concentration of cystatin C in all the biological matrices obtained from healthy controls significantly exceeded the concentration of cystatin SN and was independent of gender. Cystatin C concentrations in the tear fluid of patients with uveal melanoma (both the eye with the malignancy, as well as the contralateral, non-affected eye), were significantly greater than cystatin C concentrations in the tear fluid of healthy controls and was independent of tumor size. The concentration of cystatin SN in IOF of patients with uveal melanoma was significantly less than the corresponding concentration of cystatin SN in healthy controls.

Conclusions
The ratio of cystatins (CysC:CysSN) in both the serum and tear fluid, as well as the concentration of cystatin SN in IOF, would appear to strongly suggest the presence of uveal melanoma. It is further suggested that multiple diagnostic criteria be utilized if a patient is suspected of having uveal melanoma, such as determination of the cystatin C and cystatin SN concentrations in serum, tears, and IOF, ocular fundus and ultrasound imaging, and biopsy with histopathological evaluation.
Digital environments as third spaces: analyses of simple artefacts in the rooms of the MOdE
Authors: Panciroli Chiara , Russo Veronica 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With the spread of digital environments that allow the user to design and produce contents, we have asked ourselves whether digital museums can be considered as ‘third spaces’ in which it is possible to exhibit, research, aggregate and re-elaborate, in a shared narrative, materials and experiences coming from different contexts. Conceiving the digital museum as a third space of contamination between formal and informal, presence and distance, real and digital presupposes the rethinking of the functions of the museum itself, capable of connecting both the demands for safeguards and those of accessibility to the cultural heritage, for an access to knowledge that is increasingly open. Starting from these premises, this contribution references the digital museum Museo Officina dell’Educazione (MOdE) as a third space by specifically analysing the digital settings produced by students of the upper secondary schools and by university students.