bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Dairy Wastewater Irrigation and Manure Application on Soil Structural and Water-Holding Properties
Authors: Pinkerton Taylor C. , Assi Amjad T. , Pappa Valentini A. , Kan Eunsung , Mohtar Rabi H. 
Published: May 2021

HighlightsQuantitative evaluation was performed of dairy waste on soil water-holding capacity.Considering the soil variability on a farm is significant for management practices.Soil aggregate structure plays a pivotal role in studying the impact of waste reuse.Abstract. The livestock sector contributes about 40% of global agricultural output and uses over 30% of total feed-crop land. The sector’s continuing growth has led to increased technology and larger-scale, commercialized agriculture, and it correlates to growth in by-products and waste, which can compromise the environment and human health. Although organic manure is an excellent soil fertilizer whose nutrient content increases crop yield, untreated and/or overapplied manure pollutes local water resources and can alter soil aggregate structure, potentially affecting soil health and available water. Proper livestock waste management is essential for sustainable food production. Waste reuse strategies exist, with goals such as minimizing freshwater consumption, improving food production, and contributing to energy production, However, each strategy has tradeoffs in environmental, energy, or monetary costs. This study provides a quantitative approach to evaluating waste impact on soil health and helps to better manage irrigation practices and water supply gaps in arid and semi-arid areas by better understanding how management practices affect physical soil health. The TypoSoil apparatus was used to measure and analyze the hydrostructural parameters (water-holding capacity and soil structure) of fine sandy loam (A horizon) and sandy clay (B horizon). Soils from the Texas A&amp;M AgriLife Research Dairy (Stephenville, Texas) were collected and compared with control (untouched) soils. Waste (manure, bedding materials, wash water) was separated into liquid (passed through a natural lagoon treatment process) and solid components (applied as fertilizer). Approximately half the wastewater was reused as wash water, the remainder for irrigation. Although the soil varied substantially between sample locations, a statistically significant difference existed between the control and manure/wastewater applications in both the A and B horizons. Both applications improved plant-available water (AW) in the A horizon (40% and 30%, respectively) but deteriorated AW in the B horizon (25% and 30%). Thus, dairy farm waste is a viable source for agricultural use. Keywords: Available water capacity, Pedostructure, Soil health, Soil shrinkage curve, Soil water characteristic curve.
Compendium of plants used for preparation of traditional alcoholic beverages by four major ethnic communities of Assam, northeast India
Authors: Borah Dipankar , GOGOI TRIDIP , SARMA JINTU , BORAH PUNAM JYOTI , GOHAIN BICHITRA , MILI CHIRANJIB , UPADHYAYA ANKUR , BASUMATARY JENIMA , NEOG KASTURI , WANGPAN TONLONG , TANGJANG SUMPAM 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Borah D, Gogoi T, Sarma J, Borah PJ, Gohain B, Mili C, Upadhyaya A, Basumatary J, Neog K, Wangpan T, Tangjang S. 2021. Compendium of plants used for preparation of traditional alcoholic beverages by different major ethnic communities of Assam, Northeast India. Biodiversitas 22: 2019-2031. This paper deals with the ethnobotanical research on the preparation of traditional alcoholic beverages by Ahom, Bodo, Karbi and Mishing ethnic communities of Assam, India. Along with the information on preparation, the plant species associated with the preparation of alcoholic beverages are also recorded. Field investigations were conducted to cover 32 villages of six districts of Assam, India. The data was generated from 202 respondents using participatory rural appraisal tools including semi-structured questionnaires and personal interviews. The plant species were collected, identified and submitted in the Herbarium of Rajiv Gandhi University, Arunachal Pradesh, India. The study recorded 129 plants falling under 107 genera and 54 families which are exclusively used for the preparation of alcoholic beverages by the studied communities. The study confirmed that the association of traditional alcoholic beverages with their rich indigenous knowledge.. The finding also revealed varied forms of protocol followed by these tribes to prepare traditional liquors and the starter cakes for brewing of alcohol were prepared locally. However, the Mishing tribe was known to prepare unique rice beer known as Po:ro apong, as the preparation technique and extraction process of this liquor was slightly different. Distillation of alcohol was also observed in all the communities except the Ahom. The rich traditional knowledge of brewing alcohol and the plant species used in the process were worth documenting considering the on-going alteration of traditional society with the modernization.
Genetic analysis on grain physical characteristics and grain color from the crosses of black × white rice genotypes
Authors: Nurhidayah Siti , BADIARAJA PANJI HANDOKO , HARYANTO HERU TOTOK AGUNG D. , DEWI PRITA SARI 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Nurhidayah S, Firmansyah E, Haryanto TAD, Dewi PS. 2021. Genetic studies of grain physical characteristics and grain color from the crosses of black × white rice genotypes. Biodiversitas 22: 2763-2772. This study was conducted to investigate genetic variance, cytoplasmic maternal effect, gene action, and broad-sense heritability of grain physical characteristics and grain color from crosses of black × white rice genotypes (Oryza sativa). Genetic studies were conducted using F2 generations from the crosses of black × white rice genotypes and their reciprocal crosses. The plant materials consisted of seven black rice genotypes (PH2, PH3, PH4, PH5, PH6, PH7, and PH8), three commercial white rice varieties (Inpari 13, Inpari 18, and Inpari 19), a total of 30 F2 generations, and their reciprocal crosses. There are four-grain physical traits examined: grain length, grain width, grain thickness, and grain color. The result showed that maternal cytoplasmic effect was present in most F2 generations and their reciprocal crosses. The characters of grain length, grain width, and grain thickness are controlled by polygene with additive action. Based on the results of the Chi-Square Test, the grain color did not follow the expected 1: 2: 1 ratio for incomplete dominance involving monogenic traits. Broad sense heritability for grain length, grain width, and grain thickness are varied from low to medium for a cross of black rice genotypes × Inpari 19, and low to high for the crosses of black rice genotypes × Inpari 13 and black rice genotypes × Inpari 18.
Enhanced and unidirectional photonic spin Hall effect in a plasmonic metasurface with S4 symmetry
Authors: Liu Jiaqing , Li Xiao , Tao Jiaqi , Dong Daxing , Liu Youwen , Fu Yangyang 
Published: May 2021

In this Letter, we report the significant enhancement of the photonic spin Hall effect (SHE) in a plasmonic metasurface with

S

4

symmetry. We find that an enhanced SHE of reflected light can occur in both horizontally and vertically polarized incident beams, and the maximum transverse displacement can approach half of the beam waist. Such a large displacement is caused by the non-resonant and near-zero pseudo-Brewster angles in the plasmonic metasurface. Owing to

S

4

symmetry, a unidirectional SHE is obtained in the metasurface, i.e., large and tiny transverse displacements are realized for a linearly polarized beam incident from the opposite side. This Letter provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, way to achieve an enhanced photonic SHE and offers more opportunities for designing spin-based nanophotonic devices.
Empagliflozin ameliorates symptoms of diabetes and renal tubular dysfunction in a rat model of diabetes with enlarged kidney (DEK)
Authors: Domon Ayaka , Katayama Kentaro , Sato Touko , Tochigi Yuki , Tazaki Hiroyuki , Suzuki Hiroetsu 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundSodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are widely used to reduce hyperglycemia. The present study investigated the effects of a SGLT2 inhibitor, empagliflozin, on hyperglycemia in a novel rat model of non-obesity type 2 diabetes with enlarged kidney (DEK).MethodsMale DEK rats with non-fasting blood glucose concentrations ≤300 mg/dl and >300 mg/dl were classified as nondiabetic and diabetic, respectively. Groups of nondiabetic (control) and diabetic (DM-cont) rats were fed standard chow for 12 weeks, whereas another group of diabetic (DM-empa) rats was fed standard chow containing empagliflozin (300 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Blood glucose, body weight, glucose tolerance, food and water intake, urinary volume, plasma and urinary biochemical parameters, and bone mineral density were measured, and their kidneys and pancreas histologically analyzed.ResultsTreatment with empagliflozin reduced blood glucose concentration and food intake in diabetic rats, but inhibited loss of adeps renis and led to body weight gain. Empagliflozin attenuated polyuria and polydipsia but increased plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, sodium and total protein toward normal level. Empagliflozin also significantly reduced urinary excretion of proteins and electrolytes and restored bone mineral density and plasma concentrations of valine and isoleucine to normal levels. Moreover, dilation of renal tubules and kidney enlargement were not attenuated in the DM-empa group.ConclusionThe response of DEK rats to empagliflozin differed from that of other diabetic animal models, suggesting that DEK rats have unique characters for studying and evaluating the multiple biological effects of SGLT2 inhibitors. These findings also indicted that empagliflozin could ameliorate systemic metabolism and improve renal tubule function in diabetic condition.
Refractive prediction of four different intraocular lens calculation formulas compared between new swept source optical coherence tomography and partial coherence interferometry
Authors: Song Mi Yeon , Noh Sung Rae , Kim Kook Young 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
To compare the biometry and prediction of postoperative refractive outcomes of four different formulae (Haigis, SRK/T, Holladay1, Barrett Universal II) obtained by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) biometers and partial coherence interferometry (PCI; IOLMaster ver 5.4).

Methods
We compared the biometric values of SS-OCT (ANTERION, Heidelberg Engineering Inc., Heidelberg, Germany) and PCI (IOLMaster, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). Predictive errors calculated using four different formulae (Haigis, SRKT, Holladay1, Barrett Universal II) were compared at 1 month after cataract surgery.

Results
The mean preoperative axial length (AL) showed no statistically significant difference between SS-OCT and PCI (SS-OCT: 23.78 ± 0.12 mm and PCI: 23.77 ± 0.12 mm). The mean anterior chamber depth (ACD) was 3.30 ± 0.04 mm for SS-OCT and 3.23 ± 0.04 mm for PCI, which was significantly different between the two techniques. The mean corneal curvature also differed significantly between the two techniques. The difference in mean arithmetic prediction error was significant in the Haigis, SRKT, and Holladay1 formulae. The difference in mean absolute prediction error was significant in all four formulae.

Conclusions
SS-OCT and PCI demonstrated good agreement on biometric measurements; however, there were significant differences in some biometric values. These differences in some ocular biometrics can cause a difference in refractive error after cataract surgery. New type SS-OCT was not superior to the IOL power prediction calculated by PCI.
Music, Sound and Architecture in Islam, ed. Michael Frishkopf And Federico Spinetti (2018)
Authors: Salois Kendra 
Published: May 2021

Review of: Music, Sound and Architecture in Islam, ed. Michael Frishkopf And Federico Spinetti (2018)
Austin: University of Texas Press, 480 pp., 79 b&w illus., ISBN: 9781477312469 (paperback), $29.95

Aural Architecture in Byzantium: Music, Acoustics, and Ritual, ed. Bissera V. Pentcheva (2018)
London: Routledge, 258 pp., 87 b&w illus., ISBN: 9781472485151 (hardback), $165; ISBN: 9780367231842 (paperback), $49.95
For the War Yet to Come: Planning Beirut’s Frontier, Hiba Bou Akar (2018)
Authors: Nucho Joanne Randa 
Published: May 2021

Review of: For the War Yet to Come: Planning Beirut’s Frontier, Hiba Bou Akar (2018)
Stanford: Stanford University Press, 264 pp., 31 b&w illus., ISBN: 9781503605602 (paperback), $28
BIOLOGÍA REPRODUCTIVA DE Rhodophiala bifi da (Amaryllidaceae): ASPECTOS DE APLICACIÓN EN EL MEJORAMIENTO GENÉTICO
Authors: FACCIUTO G. , COVIELLA A. , BUGALLO V. 
Published: May 2021

Rhodophiala biﬁda es una especie bulbosa nativa de Argentina, Brasil, Paraguay y Uruguay. El tamaño y color de sus ﬂores la hacen muy atractiva para el cultivo ornamental. El desarrollo de protocolos de domesticación y mejoramiento genético son esenciales para poder proponerla como un nuevo cultivo, considerando que la industria ﬂorícola global requiere novedades. Como punto de partida, se hicieron estudios de compatibilidad y eﬁciencia reproductiva a través de la realización de cruzamientos controlados considerando fenotipos de ﬂores de distintos colores. Tanto la autopolinización como la polinización cruzada produjeron frutos por lo que se comprobó un sistema reproductivo mixto en R. biﬁda. La eﬁciencia reproductiva fue signiﬁcativamente mayor en la polinización cruzada que en la autopolinización siendo 49.6 y 19 respectivamente, para las ﬂores rojas, genotipo más representativo de la población. No se observó fructiﬁcación en ﬂores emasculadas sin polinizar por lo que se descartó la apomixis autónoma. Los cruzamientos entre fenotipos produjeron frutos excepto para el caso de cruzamientos entre fenotipos de ﬂores rosas por fucsias.
Single-Dose del Nido Cardioplegia Compared With Standard Cardioplegia During Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting at a Veterans Affairs Hospital
Authors: Reidy Michael R. , Jimenez Ernesto , Omer Shuab , Cornwell Lorraine D. , Runbeck Sabrina X. , Preventza Ourania , Loor Gabriel , Rosengart Todd K. , Coselli Joseph S. 
Published: May 2021

Del Nido cardioplegic solution (DNC), used chiefly in pediatric patients, rapidly induces prolonged cardiac arrest during cardiac surgery. To determine whether surgical outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting in a United States military veteran population differed when DNC was used instead of our standard Plegisol cardioplegia, we retrospectively reviewed 155 consecutive operations performed from July 2016 through June 2017. Del Nido cardioplegia was used to induce cardiac arrest in 70 patients, and Plegisol in 85.
Compared with the Plegisol group, the DNC group had a shorter mean cardiopulmonary bypass time (96.8 vs 117 min; P <0.01) and aortic cross-clamp time (63.9 vs 71.7 min; P=0.02). On multiple linear regression, DNC use and number of bypasses performed were predictors of cardiopulmonary bypass time. The groups were similar in median number of bypasses performed, median time to extubation, intensive care unit stay, and total postoperative stay; however, the DNC group had a shorter mean operating room time (285.8 vs 364.5 min; P <0.01). Del Nido cardioplegia, number of bypasses, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and red blood cell transfusion were predictors of operating room time. Outcomes in the groups were similar for 30- and 180-day death, stroke, renal failure, ventilation time >48 hours, atrial fibrillation, tracheostomy, reintubation, and mechanical circulatory support. We conclude that single-dose DNC is safe, effective, and cost-effective for achieving cardiac arrest in U.S. veteran populations.
Study on preparation and properties of bentonite-modified epoxy sheet molding compound
Authors: Wang Jingke , Deng Zongyi , Huang Zhixiong , Li Zhuangzhuang , Yue Jianglai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, bentonite/epoxy sheet molding compound composites (BS/ESMC) were prepared with different bentonite contents (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 5, and 10 wt%) by hot compression molding. The effects of BS content on the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and fire-retardant properties of samples were investigated. When the BS addition amount is 1.5%, the tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength reach the maximum, increasing by 24.15%, 26.56%, and 51.33%, respectively. The measurement of mechanical properties showed that the fracture toughness of BS/ESMC composite has been greatly improved from 71.41 to 108.07 MPa. As the content of the bentonite increases, the heat resistance of the sample increases, and the residual carbon content of the system increases by 61.54% when the amount of the bentonite added is 10%. In addition, the value of LOI increased from 25.6 to 27.9 with the addition of the bentonite.
Philosophy of the Symbolic
Authors: Cassirer Ernst 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe historical beginnings of Ernst Cassirer’s philosophy of culture remain unclear. For it is not apparent how his major philosophy of culture and thePhilosophy of Symbolic Forms, published in the 1920s, emerged from his earlier epistemological work andSubstance and Functionfrom 1910. However, this gap can be filled to a certain extent by the “Disposition” of a “Philosophy of the Symbolic” from 1917 that could be reconstructed from Cassirer’s literary estate and is documented in this contribution. In the preceding “Introduction” an overview of Cassirer’s text is given and some consequences for our general understanding of Cassirer’s project of a philosophy of culture are put up for discussion.
South African Library and Information Science (LIS) Students’ Perceptions, Motivations and Reasons for Enrolling in the LIS Program
Authors: Sibiya Talente , Shongwe Mzwandile 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Library and Information Science (LIS) has gone through many changes over the past two decades. These changes have had an impact on the youth who want to study LIS. Lack of knowledge about LIS and its career opportunities makes it difficult for young people to consider studying towards a LIS qualification. Literature reveals that most LIS students end up in the program accidentally and without knowledge of the content. This study investigated students’ perceptions regarding LIS, the reasons for enrolling, and motivating factors that make students study LIS. The study was informed by the Circumscription and Compromise theory. To answer the research questions, a survey was conducted in three LIS schools in South Africa. A questionnaire was sent to first and final year students, and 165 responded. The findings indicate that before they enrolled, many students had a slight idea of what LIS programs were and prepared them to be. The students’ decision to study LIS was mainly influenced by information brochures, followed by relatives, teachers, friends, and parents. Most of the students decided to study LIS when they were already accepted to enroll at university but did not choose LIS as their first-choice program of study. The availability of job opportunities and a stable LIS work environment are the main factors that motivated students to continue to study LIS. Students also indicated that they were satisfied with LIS and would recommend it to others to study. The study concludes that LIS is a compromise field of study because students did not initially want to study it. Interestingly, after enrolment, they became satisfied and motivated to continue with the program. Public awareness campaigns, especially in high schools, are encouraged to sensitize people about LIS.
Direct financial cost of weed control in smallholder rubber plantations
Authors: Ansong Michael , Acheampong Emmanuel , Echeruo Joana Beulah , Afful Samuel Nuakoh , Ahimah Mathias 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A survey was conducted to provide information on weed types, control strategies, and their estimated costs to smallholder rubber outgrowers in Western Ghana. A total of 80 farmers with rubber trees aged 1–4 years were randomly selected for the study. This represents 10.2% of the total number of farmers (783) who fall within this target group in the districts. The results show that smallholder rubber plantation farmers are dealing with diverse weed species, most of which are reported as global weeds. Chromolaena odorata, Scleria boivinii, and Mimosa pudica were the most reported species. Manual weeding and application of herbicides are the major control methods adopted by the farmers in the study area with a small percentage (16%) also using cover cropping. The two major control methods cost farmers an estimated average amount of Ghc 618.24 ± 26.25 (US $140.51 ± 5.91) for one-time weed control per hectare. The average estimated cost of one-time manual weeding per hectare was higher than that of herbicide application per hectare. This estimated amount is only a fraction of the total economic cost of weeds to the farmers. The farmers are likely to spend more if, for example, the costs of yield loss due to weeds are captured. The study thus indicates that the cost of weed management is high for rubber outgrowers and essentially farmers are investing heavily in weed management to keep weed competition on-plantation relatively low. Given that the core objective of rubber growing is to maximize profits, this study recommends the application of herbicides to control weeds in rubber plantations since average estimated cost of herbicide application per hectare was lower than one-time manual weeding per hectare. This recommendation should, however, be weighed against the possible environmental impact of herbicides, which was not assessed in this study.
Color fundamentals
Authors: Cramer Werner Rudolf 
Published: May 2021

AbstractColors are only created in the human brain. During this process, light rays from the environment reach the retina of the eye. There they trigger an optical stimulus, which is transmitted to the brain. And the brain translates this stimulus into colors. The perception of color is influenced by multiple factors, which is why it is highly subjective.Originally, the light rays come from the sun. They are described by the color spectrum, which comprises rays visible to us from 400 to 700 nm. These light rays can be influenced by different pigments that manipulate the light rays. This manipulation can happen by absorption, reflection and refraction and interference.
Multi-functional organic–inorganic hydrogel microspheres as efficient catalytic system for reduction of toxic dyes in aqueous medium
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Farooqi Zahoor H. , Begum Robina , Arif Muhammad , Azam Muhammad , Irfan Ahmad , Farooq Umar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-acrylamide-methacrylic acid) [p(NAM)] colloidal particles were synthesized and stabilized in aqueous medium. Ag nanoparticles were fabricated inside the p(NAM) system by in-situ reduction of Ag+ ions with NaBH4 to obtain Ag-p(NAM) organic–inorganic hybrid with fascinating catalytic properties. Various characterization techniques including XRD, FTIR, DLS, TEM and UV–visible spectroscopy were used to confirm the fabrication of p(NAM) and Ag-p(NAM) in aqueous medium. Loading of silver nanoparticles into the p(NAM) does not affect responsive properties of the colloidal system. Ag-p(NAM) system was used as catalyst for reduction of toxic dyes including methyl orange (MO) and Congo red (CR) from aqueous medium. Ag-p(NAM) catalyzed reduction of dyes was carried out under different reaction conditions to explore the catalytic process of degradation. The Ag-p(NAM) catalytic system is recyclable and reusable with almost same catalytic activity up to four cycles.