bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PARAMETRIC COST MODELLING OF COMPONENTS FOR TURBOMACHINES: PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Campi Federico , Mandolini Marco , Santucci Federica , Favi Claudio , Germani Michele 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe ever-increasing competitiveness, due to the market globalisation, has forced the industries to modify their design and production strategies. Hence, it is crucial to estimate and optimise costs as early as possible since any following changes will negatively impact the redesign effort and lead time.This paper aims to compare different parametric cost estimation methods that can be used for analysing mechanical components. The current work presents a cost estimation methodology which uses non-historical data for the database population. The database is settled using should cost data obtained from analytical cost models implemented in a cost estimation software. Then, the paper compares different parametric cost modelling techniques (artificial neural networks, deep learning, random forest and linear regression) to define the best one for industrial components.Such methods have been tested on 9 axial compressor discs, different in dimensions. Then, by considering other materials and batch sizes, it was possible to reach a training dataset of 90 records. From the analysis carried out in this work, it is possible to conclude that the machine learning techniques are a valid alternative to the traditional linear regression ones.
PART ORIENTATION AND SEPARATION TO REDUCE PROCESS COSTS IN ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Authors: Reichwein Jannik , Kirchner Eckhard 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdditive manufacturing offers great potential in geometric design through the layer-by-layer production of components. This is often used in the development of additively manufactured components to make components lighter. An even greater reduction in mass is possible if several components are combined into a more complex component. However, as complexity increases, so do the manufacturing costs, due to a higher demand for supporting structure, reworking and longer production time. Especially for complex components, which make poor use of the space available in the additive manufacturing system, component separation can be a useful way of reducing manufacturing costs. Therefore, a procedure for automated component separation is presented, which determines an optimal cutting plane with respect to the manufacturing costs. The presented procedure is evaluated using two exemplary components where a reduction of manufacturing costs up to 54 % could be achieved.
QUANTUM COMBINATORIAL DESIGN
Authors: Gopsill James , Johns Guy , Hicks Ben 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCombinatorial Design such as configuration design, design optioneering, component selection, and generative design, is common across engineering. Generating solutions for a combinatorial design task often involves the application of classical computing solvers that can either map or navigate design spaces. However, it has been observed that classical computing resource power-law scales with many design space models. This observation suggests classical computing may not be capable of modelling our future design space needs.To meet future design space modelling needs, this paper examines quantum computing and the characteristics that enables its resources to scale polynomially with design space size. The paper then continues to present a combinatorial design problem that is subsequently represented, constrained and solved by quantum computing. The results of which are the derivation of an initial set of circuits that represent design space constraints. The study shows the game-changing possibilities of quantum computing as an engineering design tool and is the start of an exciting new journey for design research.
REPRESENTATION AND APPLICATION OF DIGITAL STANDARDS USING KNOWLEDGE GRAPHS
Authors: Luttmer Janosch , Ehring Dominik , Pluhnau Robin , Nagarajah Arun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStandards are an important source of knowledge in product development. Due to the increasing digitization of the product development process, standard development organizations aim to develop machine-actionable standards that automatically enforce operations in output devices. However, the current representation format in PDF or XML does not meet the requirements of machine-actionable standards. This paper examines existing approaches towards the representation of XML data in knowledge graphs and their transferability towards the domain of digital standards. Based on these approaches, the paper aims to develop and validate a concept for transferring standard content from XML format to a graph-based representation, using the example of formulas. For this purpose, a concept for the automatic identification, extraction and modeling of formulas will be presented. Afterwards, the concept is validated using the example of DIN ISO 281 whereas a chatbot application serves as conversational user interface. It is proven, that knowledge graphs are suitable for the representation of machine-actionable standard content. Future work will investigate the abstraction towards a general approach as well as further information objects of standards.
SEEING FROM THE USERS' EYES: AN OUTLOOK TO VIRTUAL-REALITY BASED EMPATHIC DESIGN RESEARCH
Authors: Hu Xinhui , Nanjappan Vijayakumar , Georgiev Georgi V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe extent to which designers can understand users often determines the quality of design outcomes. A deep understanding of users allows the designers to focus on the right problem and make optimal design decisions, which encouraged designers to empathize with users. However, the current imagination-based empathizing strategy appears to be too susceptible to their previous experience and knowledge, which has been questioned concerning effectiveness and accuracy. On the other hand, Virtual Reality (VR) technology provides an opportunity for designers to gain experience-driven empathy by immersing them in a virtual environment that mimics the users' surroundings as if they are seeing the world from users' eyes. While abundant studies covered empathy VR and empathy for design, limited attention has been paid to the chance of bringing VR, empathy, and design research together. Addressing this gap, this study explored literature across domains, identified major concerns about this approach, synthesized the evidence, and discussed the feasibility and validity of the VR-based empathic design research approach.
APPROACH FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF TARGET PROCESS MODULE SETS
Authors: Albers Albert , Wilmsen Miriam , Gericke Kilian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe implementation of agile frameworks, such as SAFe, in large companies causes conflicts between the overall product development process with a rigid linkage to the calendar cycles and the continuous agile project planning. To resolve these conflicts, adaptive processes can be used to support the creation of realistic target-processes, i.e. project plans, while stabilizing process quality and simplifying process management. This enables the usage of standardisation methods and module sets for design processes.The objective of this contribution is to support project managers to create realistic target-processes through the usage of target-process module sets. These target-process module sets also aim to stabilize process quality and to simplify process management. This contribution provides an approach for the development and application of target-process module sets, in accordance to previously gathered requirements and evaluates the approach within a case study with project managers at AUDI AG (N=21) and an interview study with process authors (N=4) from three different companies.
STRATEGIC DESIGN OPPORTUNITIES TO INCREASE SUSTAINABLE FASHION AWARENESS AND BEHAVIOUR
Authors: Das Marie , Herweyers Laure , Moons Ingrid , Du Bois Els 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFast fashion, with its focus on cheap clothing and everchanging trends, has an enormous negative environmental and social impact. Despite rising consumer awareness and slow fashion as an emerging trend, many consumers often still rely on fast fashion. This research aims to create insights into why customers keep returning to fast fashion and what is holding them back from buying sustainable fashion. This is done through a quantitative survey (n=521) and qualitative semi-structured interviews (n=9). Based on the findings, opportunities are defined for designers on how, where, and when to intervene, and on which target group to focus. The main obstacles that counter slow fashion are (i) a lack of understandable and clear information, (ii) the price or available budget, and (iii) the importance of social influence. Strategic design interventions should focus on educating eco-conscious and social-conscious customers based on their personal definition of sustainable fashion. By providing in-store information during time of purchase, designers can create new shopping experiences, educate customers using a positive note and build customer relations with the retailer. Further research should extend these insights with retailers' perspectives.
STUDENT PARTICIPANTS IN EMPIRICAL STUDIES IN ENGINEERING DESIGN - A COLLECTION OF REFLECTIONS TO IMPROVE YOUR STUDY QUALITY
Authors: Üreten Selin , Sankowski Olga , Krause Dieter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEngineering design has a broad variety of approaches, methods and methodologies to conduct, evaluate and validate research. This contribution focuses on empirical studies and divides existing approaches and classifies them according to a scheme with criteria and boundary conditions, such as participants (students, researchers), the length of the study, the incorporation of the study into the curriculum etc. There are certain ideas, challenges and recommended practices associated with each environment and scenario. Knowing them will help design method developers in engineering design who want to conduct empirical studies but have little or no experience with student participants. Therefore, conducted studies from the research institute are mapped onto the classification scheme and synthesized challenges and recommended practices associated with laboratory conditions and student participants will be presented.
AUTOMATED FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF PATENTS FOR PRODUCING DESIGN INSIGHT
Authors: Jiang Pingfei , Atherton Mark , Sorce Salvatore 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPatent analysis is a popular topic of research. However, designers do not engage with patents in the early design stage, as patents are time-consuming to read and understand due to their intricate structure and the legal terminologies used. Manually produced graphical representations of patent working principles for improving designers’ awareness of prior art have been demonstrated in previous research. In this paper, an automated approach is presented, utilising Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to identify the invention working principle from the patent independent claims and produce a visualisation. The outcomes of this automated approach are compared with previous manually produced examples. The results indicate over 40% match between the automatic and manual approach, which is a good basis for further development. The comparison suggests that the automated approach works well for features and relationships that are expressed explicitly and consistently but begin to lose accuracy when applied to complex sentences. The comparison also suggests that the accuracy of the proposed automated approach can be improved by using a trained part-of-speech (POS) tagger, improved parsing grammar and an ontology.
SUPPORTING EARLY STAGES OF DESIGN METHOD VALIDATION - AN APPROACH TO ASSESS APPLICABILITY
Authors: Eisenmann Matthias , Grauberger Patric , Matthiesen Sven 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDesign method validation is an important research activity in method development. But the design method's applicability is often left out in validation, although it is a necessary step and it enables further validation steps. Currently, there is a lack of support for the assessment of design method applicability. We present an approach to provide support for iterative studies on three aspects of design method applicability. We evaluate the approach in a single case study. In the study, we investigate the applicability of a method for model building in analysis, in three iterative steps of the approach. Application of the approach produced valuable insights on the method applicability. The results show how aspects of applicability can be assessed using the presented approach. Therefore, the approach can contribute to the standardisation of design method validation, especially for early stages of validation, which is currently discussed in the community.
THE IMPORTANCE OF GENDER-AWARE DESIGN IN DIGITAL HEALTH WEARABLES: A CO-DESIGN STUDY FOSTERING SUN PROTECTION BEHAVIOUR IN YOUNG MEN
Authors: Khayamian Esfahani Bahar 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe rise in the number of people living with long-term conditions is precipitating a shift towards the development of wearable technologies that can monitor our health remotely. This shift makes it possible to rethink the healthcare structure towards awareness and proactive prevention instead of treatment through empowering users, e.g. patients for self-management of their health. In a sector towards individual specialization and relying on personal healthcare management, design has a key role in user participation and engagement. This paper reports a co-design study that empowered the participants as designers to design human-centred interventions that foster sun protection behaviour in young men. The findings from this study show the following: 1) sun protection concepts to enhance young men's engagement in sun protection behaviour, 2) the integration of gender-aware design in digital health wearables contributes towards better user engagement in wearable technologies of the future.
TO SUPPORT IOT COLLABORATIVE EXPRESSIVENESS ON THE SHOP FLOOR
Authors: Aranda Muñoz Álvaro , Eriksson Yvonne , Yamamoto Yuji , Florin Ulrika , Sandström Kristian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe availability of new research for IoT support and the human-centric perspective of industry 4.0 opens a gap to support operators in unleashing their creativity so they can provide improvements opportunities with IoT technology. This paper presents a case-study carried out in four Swedish manufacturing companies, where four different workshops were facilitated to support operators in the conceptualization of manufacturing improvements with IoT technologies. The empirical material gathered during these workshops has been analyzed in five different reflective sessions and discussed in light of previous research from industry 4.0, operators, and IoT support. Results indicate that operators can collaboratively create conceptual IoT solutions and that expressiveness in communicating their ideas and needs using IoT technology is more relevant than technical aspects and details of their proposed IoT solutions. This technological expressiveness is identified as a necessary skill to be cultivated on the shop floor and can potentially contribute to making a more effective and socially sustainable industrial landscape in the future.
TOOLS FOR RECORDING PROTOTYPING ACTIVITIES AND QUANTIFYING CORRESPONDING DOCUMENTATION IN THE EARLY STAGES OF PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Soomro Sohail Ahmed , Barhoush Yazan A M , Gong Zhengya , Kostakos Panos , Georgiev Georgi V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrototyping is an essential activity in the early stages of product development. This activity can provide insight into the learning process that takes place during the implementation of an idea. It can also help to improve the design of a product. This information and the process are useful in design education as they can be used to enhance students' ability to prototype their ideas and develop creative solutions. To observe the activity of prototype development, we conducted a study on students participating in a 7-week course: Principles of Digital Fabrication. During the course, eight teams made prototypes and shared their weekly developments via internet blog posts. The posts contained prototype pictures, descriptions of their ideas, and reflections on activities. The blog documentation of the prototypes developed by the students was done without the researchers' intervention, providing essential data or research. Based on a review of other methods of capturing the prototype development process, we compare existing documentation tools with the method used in the case study and outline the practices and tools related to the effective documentation of prototyping activity.
TOWARDS A PEOPLE-FIRST ENGINEERING DESIGN APPROACH. A COMPREHENSIVE ONTOLOGY FOR DESIGNING INCLUSIVE ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Fernandez Claudia , Zallio Matteo , Berry Damon , McGrory John 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe world is ageing, and this change will strongly impact the design of products, services and environments. Notwithstanding the proliferation of research initiatives, guidelines, policies and regulations, there is still a significant gap and lack of a uniformed strategy to guide engineers, designers, and architects to design inclusive environments. This article explores and summarizes through a review of international regulations and standards, the requirements that design practitioners need to consider when designing accessible, inclusive, smart, age-friendly environments. With this explorative study, we reviewed documentation and developed a comprehensive ontology comprised of people and design related criteria aiming to support the design of inclusive, smart and accessible buildings. The ontology was created by interpreting the criteria through semantics used in peoplecentered design approaches, where people's needs and design requirements are two fundamental phases for designing inclusively.The results are intended to enable researchers and practitioners to better identify clusters of accessibility and inclusion criteria to facilitate the study and the design of accessible, inclusive, smart, age-friendly environments.
TOWARDS FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURAL DECOMPOSITION OF CONSTRAINED LAYER INFLATABLE SYSTEMS
Authors: Benli Koray , Luntz Jonathan , Brei Diann , Kim Wonhee , Alexander Paul , Johnson Nancy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPneumatically activated systems enable myriad types of highly functional inflatables employing a wide range of architectural approaches affecting their form and function, making systematic conceptual design difficult. A new architectural class of pneumatically activated systems, constrained layer inflatable systems, consists of hierarchically architected flat layers of thin airtight bladders that are internally and/or externally constrained to generate a variety of functionalities. The highly hierarchical architectural structure of constrained layer inflatable systems coincides with the hierarchy of produced functions, providing an opportunity for the development of a functional architectural decomposition, capturing the inherent relationship between architectural and functional hierarchies. The basis of the approach is conveyed through the design of an example constrained layer inflatable system. This approach empowers the systematic understanding of the interrelated architectural and functional breakdown of constrained layer inflatable systems, enabling designers to iteratively analyze, synthesize, and re-synthesize the components of the system improving existing designs and exploring new concepts.
UNDERSTANDING THE EMBEDDED CARBON CHALLENGES OF BUILDING SERVICE SYSTEMS
Authors: Hein Maria , Jones Darren Anthony , Eckert Claudia Margot 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnergy consumed in buildings is a main contributor to CO2 emissions, there is therefore a need to improve the energy performance of buildings, particularly commercial buildings whereby building service systems are often substantially over-designed due to the application of excess margins during the design process.The cooling system of an NHS Hospital was studied and modelled in order to identify if the system was overdesigned, and to quantify the oversizing impact on the system operational and embodied carbon footprints. Looking at the operational energy use and environmental performance of the current system as well as an alternative optimised system through appropriate modelling and calculation, the case study results indicate significant environmental impacts are caused by the oversizing of cooling system.The study also established that it is currently more difficult to obtain an estimate of the embodied carbon footprint of building service systems. It is therefore the responsibility of the machine builders to provide information and data relating to the embodied carbon of their products, which in the longer term, this is likely to become a standard industry requirement.
UNDERSTANDING USERS AND PRODUCTS IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT: THE APPLICATION OF PRODUCT USAGE INFORMATION AND ITS CHALLENGES
Authors: Deng Quan , Wellsandt Stefan , Hribernik Karl , Thoben Klaus-Dieter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe need to understand users and products is one of the cores for product success. There are many ways to reach this understanding,such as,interviews and consumer cocreation. This study put a focus on the application of product usage information (PUI). Although amount of product-related information is available in the middle of a product's life, producers have not realized the full potential of these data in product development. The academic literature describes various use cases that outline how PUI supports this kind of understanding, and eventually benefits product development. Each of them provides fragmented information from certain perspectives. This diversity and the lack of systematic overview facilitates a fragmentation in the research of PUI usage in product development. To have an initial and unified overview of PUI's value on the understanding of users and products, this paper conducted a combination of systematic and descriptive review to form a sample with 12 papers. The result indicates that PUI increases producer's understanding about the product, its users and the context of usage. However, producers need to address several challenges if they want to apply PUI in product development successfully.
USER NEED-ORIENTED CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES
Authors: Schockenhoff Ferdinand , König Adrian , Zähringer Maximilian , Lienkamp Markus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVehicle concept development is a domain that has applied and detailed its process over decades. The megatrends of the 21st century of “automation” and “sharing” influence the vehicle concept in such a manner that this well-running process needs an update. The vehicle itself and the customer of the vehicle are changing and therefore the components of the vehicle and the input variables of the useroriented design of the vehicle concept must be changed as well. We present a development process for autonomous vehicle concepts to address these challenges. We are therefore analyzing the current definition of a vehicle concept and its development process. Based on a literature review of a selection of common design methodologies, we update this definition for autonomous vehicle concepts and present a development process that presents design concepts of autonomous vehicle in a user need oriented way. This includes the sharing of models since user needs could be fulfilled by more than one vehicle concept. We believe that the presented process can be a starting point for vehicle concept development of the 21st century.