bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural vs. trawling-induced water turbidity and suspended sediment transport variability within the Palamós Canyon (NW Mediterranean)
Authors: Arjona-Camas Marta , Puig Pere , Palanques Albert , Durán Ruth , White Martin , Paradis Sarah , Emelianov Mikhail 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIncreases of water turbidity and suspended sediment transport in submarine canyons have been associated with high-energy events such as storms, river floods and dense shelf water cascading (DSWC), and occasionally with bottom trawling along canyon flanks and rims. To assess the variations on the water column turbidity and sediment transport in the Palamós Canyon linked to both natural and trawling-induced processes, an autonomous hydrographic profiler, as well as a near-bottom current meter and a turbidimeter were deployed in the canyon axis (929 m depth) from February to June 2017, covering a trawling closure (February) and trawling activities (March-June). Periods of enhanced water turbidity during the trawling closure were mostly associated with storms and DSWC events, transporting turbid dense waters into the canyon. In absence of such events, the water column displayed low suspended sediment concentrations (~ 0.3 mg L− 1) until the trawling season began, when particulate matter detachments, ranging between > 1 mg L− 1and 3.8 mg L− 1, were observed at the water depths where the trawling grounds are found. During the trawling closure, high near-bottom suspended sediment fluxes (35–44 g m− 2 s− 1) were sporadically registered at ~  920 m depth associated with a major storm and DSWC event. Smaller but more frequent increases of near-bottom suspended sediment fluxes (0.1–1.4 g m− 2 s− 1) were recorded during trawling activities. Despite these smaller trawling-induced suspended sediment fluxes, 30 days of continuous bottom trawling activity transported a total amount of 40 kg m− 2, of similar magnitude to that generated by a major DSWC event (50 kg m− 2). Since bottom trawling in Palamós Canyon is practiced on a daily basis throughout the year, a much larger contribution of anthropogenically derived water turbidity and suspended sediment transport can be expected.
Health and disease as practical concepts: exploring function in context-specific definitions
Authors: van der Linden Rik , Schermer Maartje 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite the longstanding debate on definitions of health and disease concepts, and the multitude of accounts that have been developed, no consensus has been reached. This is problematic, as the way we define health and disease has far-reaching practical consequences. In recent contributions it is proposed to view health and disease as practical- and plural concepts. Instead of searching for a general definition, it is proposed to stipulate context-specific definitions. However, it is not clear how this should be realized. In this paper, we review recent contributions to the debate, and examine the importance of context-specific definitions. In particular, we explore the usefulness of analyzing the relation between the practical function of a definition and the context it is deployed in. We demonstrate that the variety of functions that health and disease concepts need to serve makes the formulation of monistic definitions not only problematic but also undesirable. We conclude that the analysis of the practical function in relation to the context is key when formulating context-specific definitions for health and disease. At last, we discuss challenges for the pluralist stance and make recommendations for future research.
Engaging students in redesigning a local urban space to improve ecosystem services
Authors: Hane Elizabeth N. , Korfmacher Karl F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEcosystem services are an important, but often invisible component of the urban landscape. Humans have altered the environment in cities, leading to degraded or missing ecosystem services in many cases. To enhance or replace these services, many urban municipalities are integrating green spaces and infrastructure into urban planning. We have designed an activity to help undergraduate students: 1) recognize the importance of urban ecosystem services, 2) identify when they are degraded or missing, and 3) integrate “green” ideas from multiple sources to propose improvements to them. To help students achieve these goals, we asked them to evaluate an underutilized space on their own campus, and propose a redesign of that space to support ecosystem services. While many students struggled initially to link urban ecosystem services with specific proposed improvements, we found that having students work together in groups for a second redesign often improved understanding and also resulted in more creative and interdisciplinary designs. The exercise also helped students to better identify ecosystem services and allowed them to practice integrating multiple viewpoints while proposing solutions to local environmental problems.
Reflective Design in Action: A Collaborative Autoethnography of Faculty Learning Design
Authors: Bowers Shawn , Chen Yu-Ling , Clifton Yvette , Gamez Melissa , Giffin Heidi Hubbard , Johnson Meg Stanley , Lohman Laura , Pastryk Linda 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResearch on how university faculty design courses has been limited and marked by modest detail on faculty design processes. Addressing this gap, seven faculty members supported by an educational developer at a teaching-intensive university used collaborative autoethnography (CAE) to explain how university faculty engage in reflective, iterative approaches to learning design. Collaborative analysis and interpretation of systematically collected data drawn from individual experiences in learning design reveal how faculty use reflection as a tool in learning design to recognize problems, devise solutions and constructively process emotions. Through reflection, faculty identify design solutions that are responsive to circumstances during course delivery, capture reasoning that informs design solutions for future course iterations and accurately gauge the appropriate timing of design changes based on factors such as scale and feasibility. This article offers detailed ethnographic evidence and new findings that enrich our understanding of claims made in previous interview-based studies of faculty design.
Between “Medical” and “Social” Egg Freezing
Authors: Rimon-Zarfaty Nitzan , Kostenzer Johanna , Sismuth Lisa-Katharina , de Bont Antoinette 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEgg freezing has led to heated debates in healthcare policy and bioethics. A crucial issue in this context concerns the distinction between “medical” and “social” egg freezing (MEF and SEF)—contrasting objections to bio-medicalization with claims for oversimplification. Yet such categorization remains a criterion for regulation. This paper aims to explore the “regulatory boundary-work” around the “medical”–”social” distinction in different egg freezing regulations. Based on systematic documents’ analysis we present a cross-national comparison of the way the “medical”–”social” differentiation finds expression in regulatory frameworks in Austria, Germany, Israel, and the Netherlands. Findings are organized along two emerging themes: (1) the definition of MEF and its distinctiveness—highlighting regulatory differences in the clarity of the definition and in the medical indications used for creating it (less clear in Austria and Germany, detailed in Israel and the Netherlands); and (2) hierarchy of medical over social motivations reflected in usage and funding regulations. Blurred demarcation lines between “medical” and “social” are further discussed as representing a paradoxical inclusion of SEF while offering new insights into the complexity and normativity of this distinction. Finally, we draw conclusions for policymaking and the bioethical debate, also concerning the related cryopolitical aspects.
Exploring the Perceptions of Cognitive and Affective Capabilities of Four, Real, Physical Robots with a Decreasing Degree of Morphological Human Likeness
Authors: Fortunati Leopoldina , Manganelli Anna Maria , Höflich Joachim , Ferrin Giovanni 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper describes an investigation of student perceptions of the cognitive and affective capabilities of four robots that have a decreasing degree of morphological human likeness. We showed and illustrated the robots (i.e., InMoov, Padbot, Joy Robot and Turtlebot) to 62 students. After showing the students each of these robots, and explaining their main features and capabilities, we administered a fill-in questionnaire to the students. Our main hypothesis was that the perception of a robot’s cognitive and affective capabilities varied in correspondence with their appearance and in particular with their different degree of human likeness. The main results of this study indicate that the scores attributed to the cognitive and emotional capabilities of these robots are not modulated correspondingly to their different morphological similarity to humans. Furthermore, overall, the scores given to all of these robots regarding their ability to explicate mental functions are low, and even lower scores are given to their ability to feel emotions. There is a split between InMoov, the robot which has the highest degree of human likeness, and all of the others. Our results also indicate that: (1) morphological similarity of a robot to humans is not perceived automatically as such by observers, which is not considered a value in itself for the robot; and (2) even at lower levels of robot–human likeness, an uncanny valley effect arises but is quite mitigated by curiosity.
A Future of Current Flow Modelling for Transcranial Electrical Stimulation?
Authors: Lee J. S. A. , Bestmann S. , Evans C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is used to non-invasively modulate brain activity in health and disease. Current flow modeling (CFM) provides estimates of where and how much electrical current is delivered to the brain during tES. It therefore holds promise as a method to reduce commonplace variability in tES delivery and, in turn, the outcomes of stimulation. However, the adoption of CFM has not yet been widespread and its impact on tES outcome variability is unclear. Here, we discuss the potential barriers to effective, practical CFM-informed tES use.

Recent Findings
CFM has progressed from models based on concentric spheres to gyri-precise head models derived from individual MRI scans. Users can now estimate the intensity of electrical fields (E-fields), their spatial extent, and the direction of current flow in a target brain region during tES. Here. we consider the multi-dimensional challenge of implementing CFM to optimise stimulation dose: this requires informed decisions to prioritise E-field characteristics most likely to result in desired stimulation outcomes, though the physiological consequences of the modelled current flow are often unknown. Second, we address the issue of a disconnect between predictions of E-field characteristics provided by CFMs and predictions of the physiological consequences of stimulation which CFMs are not designed to address. Third, we discuss how ongoing development of CFM in conjunction with other modelling approaches could overcome these challenges while maintaining accessibility for widespread use.

Summary
The increasing complexity and sophistication of CFM is a mandatory step towards dose control and precise, individualised delivery of tES. However, it also risks counteracting the appeal of tES as a straightforward, cost-effective tool for neuromodulation, particularly in clinical settings.
Hypertension and cardiovascular risk factor management in a multi-ethnic cohort of adults with CKD: a cross sectional study in general practice
Authors: Carpio Edianne Monique , Ashworth Mark , Asgari Elham , Shaw Catriona , Schartau Patricia , Durbaba Stevo , Nitsch Dorothea , Molokhia Mariam 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Hypertension, especially if poorly controlled, is a key determinant of chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and progression to end stage renal disease (ESRD).

Aim
To assess hypertension and risk factor management, and determinants of systolic blood pressure control in individuals with CKD and hypertension.

Design and setting
Cross-sectional survey using primary care electronic health records from 47/49 general practice clinics in South London.

Methods
Known effective interventions, management of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in patients with CKD Stages 3–5 were investigated. Multivariable logistic regression analysis examined the association of demographic factors, comorbidities, deprivation, and CKD coding, with systolic blood pressure control status as outcome. Individuals with diabetes were excluded.

Results
Adults with CKD Stages 3–5 and hypertension represented 4131/286,162 (1.4%) of the total population; 1984 (48%) of these individuals had undiagnosed CKD without a recorded CKD clinical code. Hypertension was undiagnosed in 25% of the total Lambeth population, and in patients with CKD without diagnosed hypertension, 23.0% had systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg compared with 39.8% hypertensives, p < 0.001. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that factors associated with improved systolic blood pressure control in CKD included diastolic blood pressure control, serious mental illness, history of cardiovascular co-morbidities, CKD diagnostic coding, and age < 60 years. African ethnicity and obesity were associated with poorer systolic blood pressure control.

Conclusion
We found both underdiagnosed CKD and underdiagnosed hypertension in patients with CKD. The poor systolic blood pressure control in older age groups ≥ 60 years and in Black African or obese individuals is clinically important as these groups are at increased risk of mortality for cardiovascular diseases.

Graphic abstract
Cloud–edge cooperation for meteorological radar big data: a review of data quality control
Authors: Hu Zhichen , Xu Xiaolong , Zhang Yulan , Tang Hongsheng , Cheng Yong , Qian Cheng , Khosravi Mohammad R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the rapid development of information technology construction, increasing specialized data in the field of informatization have become a hot spot for research. Among them, meteorological data, as one of the foundations and core contents of meteorological informatization, is the key production factor of meteorology in the era of digital economy as well as the basis of meteorological services for people and decision-making services. However, the existing centralized cloud computing service model is unable to satisfy the performance demand of low latency, high reliability and high bandwidth for weather data quality control. In addition, strong convective weather is characterized by rapid development, small convective scale and short life cycle, making the complexity of real-time weather data quality control increased to provide timely strong convective weather monitoring services. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposed the cloud–edge cooperation approach, whose core idea is to effectively combine the advantages of edge computing and cloud computing by taking full advantage of the computing resources distributed at the edge to provide service environment for users to satisfy the real-time demand. The powerful computing and storage resources of the cloud data center are utilized to provide users with massive computing services to fulfill the intensive computing demands.
Situative (Nicht‑)Passung als Erklärungsansatz von Drop-out in der Weiterbildung
Authors: Hoffmann Stefanie , Thalhammer Veronika , von Hippel Aiga , Schmidt-Hertha Bernhard 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungTrotz der Vielzahl seiner Erscheinungs- und Umgangsformen findet Drop-out in der erwachsenenpädagogischen Forschung vergleichsweise wenig Beachtung und theoretische Konzepte, welche die unterschiedlichen Lesarten des Phänomens in einem übergeordneten Rahmen systematisieren, gibt es bislang kaum. Im Beitrag werden daher bisherige theoretische Konzepte zu Weiterbildungsabbrüchen und Ansätze zur Einordnung von Weiterbildungsabbrüchen als Weiterbildungsverhalten zusammengetragen sowie die Forschungslücken in Bezug auf ein umfassendes Modell zur ursächlichen Erklärung von Drop-out in der Weiterbildung aufgezeigt. Anhand einer empirischen Studie – hier basierend auf der Auswertung von 40 problemzentrierten Interviews – werden eine Typologie sowie ein Modell zur Charakterisierung von Weiterbildungsabbrüchen vorgeschlagen und deren Potenzial für die weitere Theorieentwicklung in diesem Bereich herausgearbeitet. Als zentral kristallisiert sich dabei der Begriff „Passung“ heraus, mit dem sich die Vielfalt von Abbruchskonstellationen theoretisch anschlussfähig beschreiben lässt.
Different Levels of Complexity for Integrating Textured Extra-terrestrial Elevation Data in Game Engines for Educational Augmented and Virtual Reality Applications
Authors: Lindner Claudia , Ortwein Annette , Staar Kilian , Rienow Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElevation and visual data from Chang’E-2, Mars Viking, and MOLA were transformed into 3D models and environments using unity and unreal engine to be implemented in augmented (AR) and virtual reality (VR) applications, respectively. The workflows for the two game development engines and the two purposes overlap, but have significant differences stemming from their intended usage: both are used in educational settings, but while the AR app has to run on basic smartphones that students from all socio-economic backgrounds might have, the VR requires high-end PCs and can therefore make use of respective devices’ potential. Hence, the models for the AR app are reduced to the necessary components and sizes of the highest mountains on Luna and Mars, whereas the VR app contains several models of probe landing sites on Mars, a landscape containing the entire planet at multiple levels of detail and a complex environment. Both applications are enhanced for educational use with annotations and interactive elements. This study focuses on the transfer of scientific data into game development engines for the use in educational settings using the example of scales in extra-terrestrial environments.
Investigation of the workability and surface roughness of thin brass wires in various dieless drawing technologies
Authors: Milenin Andrij , Wróbel Mirosław , Kustra Piotr 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Possibilities of improving the workability of the CuZn37 brass thin wire in a diameter of 0.14–0.18 mm produced by the dieless drawing processes were explored. The workability was defined as the maximum final longitudinal strain of the wire up to its fracture, achievable in the dieless drawing process. Two technologies of dieless drawing were developed and their workability was compared. The first one is the classical one-pass process; the second, a multi-pass one. For both developed technologies, it was possible to obtain a good-quality product but more than two times higher workability has been demonstrated for the multi-pass technology. No evident effect of the deformation temperature from the window of technologically accepted parameters on the workability was found but an increase in the temperature significantly increased the roughness of the product surface. For the same deformation temperature, the roughness of the wire obtained from the multi-pass process appeared to be significantly lower than for the one of the classical one-pass technologies.
Helicopter Handling Qualities: A study in pilot control compensation
Authors: Memon W.A. , White M.D. , Padfield G.D. , Cameron N. , Lu L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe research reported in this paper is aimed at the development of a metric to quantify and predict the extent of pilot control compensation required to fly a wide range of mission task elements. To do this, the utility of a range of time- and frequency-domain measures to examine pilot control activity whilst flying hover/low-speed and forward flight tasks are explored. The tasks were performed by two test pilots using both the National Research Council (Canada)’s Bell 412 Advanced Systems Research Aircraft and the University of Liverpool’s HELIFLIGHT-R simulator. Handling qualities ratings were awarded for each of the tasks and compared with a newly developed weightedadaptivecontrol compensation metric based on discrete pilot inputs, showing good correlation. Moreover, in combination with a time-varying frequency-domain exposure, the proposed metric is shown to be useful for understanding the relationship between the pilot’s subjective assessment, measured control activity and task performance. By collating the results from the subjective and objective metrics for a range of different mission task elements, compensation boundaries are proposed to predict and verify the subjective assessments from the Cooper-Harper Handling Qualities Rating scale.
Towards decolonising research methods training: the development of a locally responsive online learning course on research methods for mental health in war and conflict for researchers and practitioners in the Gaza Strip
Authors: Tamimi Nancy , Kienzler Hanna , Hammoudeh Weeam , Khalawi Hala , Regent Mathias , Giacaman Rita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundConcerns exist that online learning directed at non-Western settings to strengthen research capacity imposes Western-centric epistemology, provides unidirectional transfer of knowledge, and neglects local paradigms and expertise. We argue that a plurality of voices, histories and epistemologies are essential to strengthen research capacity. We share our experience developing and teaching an online course for mental health professionals and researchers in the Gaza Strip.MethodsBirzeit University and King's College London developed and delivered the course equally, focusing on the intersection between qualitative research methods, mental health and conflict, and addressing local research needs. We incorporated local case studies and expertise, encouraged interaction in English and Arabic, and stimulated critique of Western theories. Seventeen participated, 12 completed the pre-course questionnaire, 15 completed the post-course questionnaire and four undertook semi-structured interviews.ResultsOur pre-course survey showed participants most needed coding and qualitative data analysis skills. Post-course findings showed improved qualitative research skills. Most agreed the course was comprehensive and well delivered, with relevant case studies. Three themes were identified: (1) the course was locally contextualised and met students' needs; (2) the course fostered dialogic and multi-directional learning and (3) suggestions for improvements. Several participants wanted some topics in greater depth and further specialised training. A few suggested the course be in Arabic.ConclusionFostering multi-directional learning is key for non-Western knowledge, epistemologies, and languages to gain prominence in Western academia. A social transformation would see local researchers and educators engage with and use local methods and paradigms in mental health in war and conflict.