bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of river water quality and pollution control strategies in the upper Citarum River
Authors: Ramadhiani A F , Suharyanto  
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Utilization of the Citarum River varies greatly from household needs, agriculture, livestock to the industrial sector. However, these activities caused pollution along the Citarum River. This research’s main objective is to evaluate the quality of surface water in the upstream Citarum River based on Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 and its pollution control recommendations. The observed river study area was 80 km long. River water quality is measured and observed at 8 sampling points. Analysis of water quality was carried out using the Pollution Index (IP) method. Meanwhile, the formulation of the pollution control strategy used SWOT analysis. Based on field measurements for parameters BOD, COD, and DO in the upstream segment of the Citarum River have exceeded the quality standard for class II Regulation No. 82 of 2001 in almost all sampling locations. Meanwhile, the IP value results at all sampling locations were in the range of 1.23-5.8 or in mild to moderate polluted status. Recommendations given to control water pollution are increasing monitoring of wastewater disposal into rivers, carrying out an inventory and identifying water pollution sources, and determining the carrying capacity of pollution loads.
A spatial study of rubber plant health using sentinel 2-A imagery in Cibungur Plantation, Sukabumi, West Java
Authors: Putri T R , Supriatna S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Rubber plants are one of the plantation commodities which occupy an important position as a source of non-oil and gas foreign exchange for Indonesia. Rubber production is currently experiencing a decline due to reduced productivity in rubber plantations. Rubber plantation problems related to land resources require effective and efficient technological input to determine the health of rubber plants so that they can increase rubber production. Remote sensing technology is one input that can be used as a decision maker to decide problems spatially and quickly, accurately, and dynamically. This study aims to determine the health condition of rubber plants in Cibungur Plantation, Sukabumi, West Java by using high-resolution satellite imagery, namely Sentinel 2-A images processed using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) method in monitoring the spatial health of rubber plants. The results of this study indicate that the level of distribution of NDVI values in Cibungur Plantation is quite high and rubber plants with very good health conditions have the largest area of 5,365.98 hectares. The NDVI method and Sentinel 2-A image processing used in this study can be used to determine the health of rubber plants in Cibungur Plantation.
Application of nano-silicon foliar fertilizer to double dry season soybean productivity of Central Lombok rainfed lowland
Authors: Hadiawati L , Suriadi A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) is the rotation crop that dominantly grown after rice during dry season in most lowland paddy field of Eastern Indonesia. This on-farm experiment aimed to improve dry season soybean production by spraying liquid fertilizer containing silicon. Burangrang soybean variety grown from August to October 2018 at Tenandon of Penujak Village, Praya Barat sub-district of Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Five treatments were arranged on randomized block design with five replications on 100 m2 plot size. The treatments were application of silicon-based liquid fertilizer named T1 (O**n or ON), T2 (Bio**x or BX), T3 (BioS****a or BS), T4 (BioU**n or BU) that compare to T0 (control) which was without any foliar spray. Land preparation, planting, irrigation, and harvest were guided using integrated soybean management handbook. Yield and yield component data was collected at harvest. The result showed that application of liquid fertilizer was significantly increase total dry matter weight, including percentage dry matter accumulation on leaf, pods weight, and percentage of filled pods. Soybean productivity was improved about 102.06% (T3), 95.88% (T4), 61.86% (T1), dan 47.42% (T2) when compared to T0 at 0.9 t/ha.
Bridging the age gap in breast cancer: cluster randomized trial of two decision support interventions for older women with operable breast cancer on quality of life, survival, decision quality, and treatment choices
Authors: Wyld L , Reed M W R , Collins K , Burton M , Lifford K , Edwards A , Ward S , Holmes G , Morgan J , Bradburn M , Walters S J , Ring A , Robinson T G , Martin C , Chater T , Pemberton K , Shrestha A , Nettleship A , Murray C , Brown M , Richards P , Cheung K L , Todd A , Harder H , Brain K , Audisio R A , Wright J , Simcock R , Armitage F , Bursnall M , Green T , Revell D , Gath J , Horgan K , Holcombe C , Winter M , Naik J , Parmeshwar R , Gosney M , Hatton M , Thompson A M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Rates of surgery and adjuvant therapy for breast cancer vary widely between breast units. This may contribute to differences in survival. This cluster RCT evaluated the impact of decision support interventions (DESIs) for older women with breast cancer, to ascertain whether DESIs influenced quality of life, survival, decision quality, and treatment choice.

Methods
A multicentre cluster RCT compared the use of two DESIs against usual care in treatment decision-making in older women (aged at least ≥70 years) with breast cancer. Each DESI comprised an online algorithm, booklet, and brief decision aid to inform choices between surgery plus adjuvant endocrine therapy versus primary endocrine therapy, and adjuvant chemotherapy versus no chemotherapy. The primary outcome was quality of life. Secondary outcomes included decision quality measures, survival, and treatment choice.

Results
A total of 46 breast units were randomized (21 intervention, 25 usual care), recruiting 1339 women (670 intervention, 669 usual care). There was no significant difference in global quality of life at 6 months after the baseline assessment on intention-to-treat analysis (difference –0.20, 95 per cent confidence interval (C.I.) –2.69 to 2.29; P = 0.900). In women offered a choice of primary endocrine therapy versus surgery plus endocrine therapy, knowledge about treatments was greater in the intervention arm (94 versus 74 per cent; P = 0.003). Treatment choice was altered, with a primary endocrine therapy rate among women with oestrogen receptor-positive disease of 21.0 per cent in the intervention versus 15.4 per cent in usual-care sites (difference 5.5 (95 per cent C.I. 1.1 to 10.0) per cent; P = 0.029). The chemotherapy rate was 10.3 per cent at intervention versus 14.8 per cent at usual-care sites (difference –4.5 (C.I. –8.0 to 0) per cent; P = 0.013). Survival was similar in both arms.

Conclusion
The use of DESIs in older women increases knowledge of breast cancer treatment options, facilitates shared decision-making, and alters treatment selection.
Trial registration numbers: EudraCT 2015-004220-61 (https://eudract.ema.europa.eu/), ISRCTN46099296 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
Case report of a COVID-19-associated myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary arteries: the mystery of the phantom embolus or local endothelitis
Authors: Burkert Francesco Robert , Niederreiter Lukas , Dichtl Wolfgang , Mayr Agnes , Virgolini Irene , Klauser Andrea , Weiss Günter , Bellmann-Weiler Rosa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Since the first documented outbreak of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome inducing Coronavirus in China at the end of 2019 the virus has spread to all continents, leading the WHO to declare a pandemic in March 2020. While this virus primarily targets the alveoli in the lungs, multiple authors have described an increased rate of thrombo-embolic events in affected patients. We present this case of a myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary atherosclerosis in an otherwise healthy 48-year-old patient.

Case summary
A 48-year-old female, presenting with chest pain radiating to her left shoulder with no cardiovascular risk factors other than genetic predisposition, was screened for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and tested positive. Although computed tomography angiography excluded obstructive coronary heart disease, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed an acute myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary arteries of the inferior wall. The patient was treated with dual anti-platelet therapy, an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor and a statin, and assigned to a cardiac rehabilitation program.

Conclusion
We report a serious thrombo-embolic event during an oligosymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in a healthy, young patient. While these two diseases may have occurred simultaneously, by chance, it is possible that the pro-thrombotic effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection facilitated the infarction. This case further demonstrates the significant cardiovascular morbidity potentially caused by SARS-CoV-2.
Biopsychosocial Risk Profiles Among African American and Non-Hispanic White Adults: Findings From The Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Lincoln Karen D , Nguyen Ann W 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Compared to Whites, African Americans have elevated risk for earlier onset fatal and nonfatal chronic conditions and accelerated aging. Despite these persistent race disparities, the causes remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to define a biopsychosocial risk typology that might explain accelerated aging in African Americans.

Methods
Analyses were based on the African American and White subsample of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 8269). Latent class analysis was used to identify risk types. Chronic health conditions, salivary telomere length (STL), emotional support from family, negative interaction with family, early life adversities, and discrimination were used as class indicators. Latent class multinomial logistic regression was used to identify racial and demographic differences in risk type membership.

Results
Three distinct risk types were identified: high risk, health risk, and psychosocial risk. African Americans were more likely than Whites to be assigned to the high-risk type characterized by chronic health conditions, shorter STL, strained social relationships and high psychosocial stress. African Americans were less likely than Whites to be assigned to the health risk type characterized by chronic health conditions, shorter STL, optimal social relationships, and low psychosocial stress.

Conclusions
The biopsychosocial risk typology accounted for population heterogeneity, identified high-risk profiles, and modifiable factors within risk types that can inform current clinical interventions. The risk types also revealed different patterns of risk and resilience factors and shed light on the interplay between telomere length, stress exposure, chronic disease, and accelerated aging in African Americans.
Rad18 mediates specific mutational signatures and shapes the genomic landscape of carcinogen-induced tumorsin vivo
Authors: Lou Jitong , Yang Yang , Gu Qisheng , Price Brandon A , Qiu Yuheng , Fedoriw Yuri , Desai Siddhi , Mose Lisle E , Chen Brian , Tateishi Satoshi , Parker Joel S , Vaziri Cyrus , Wu Di 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe E3 ubiquitin ligase Rad18 promotes a damage-tolerant and error-prone mode of DNA replication termed trans-lesion synthesis that is pathologically activated in cancer. However, the impact of vertebrate Rad18 on cancer genomes is not known. To determine how Rad18 affects mutagenesis in vivo, we have developed and implemented a novel computational pipeline to analyze genomes of carcinogen (7, 12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, DMBA)-induced skin tumors from Rad18+/+ and Rad18−/− mice. We show that Rad18 mediates specific mutational signatures characterized by high levels of A(T)&gt;T(A) single nucleotide variations (SNVs). In Rad18−/- tumors, an alternative mutation pattern arises, which is characterized by increased numbers of deletions &gt;4 bp. Comparison with annotated human mutational signatures shows that COSMIC signature 22 predominates in Rad18+/+ tumors whereas Rad18−/− tumors are characterized by increased contribution of COSMIC signature 3 (a hallmark of BRCA-mutant tumors). Analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas shows that RAD18 expression is strongly associated with high SNV burdens, suggesting RAD18 also promotes mutagenesis in human cancers. Taken together, our results show Rad18 promotes mutagenesis in vivo, modulates DNA repair pathway choice in neoplastic cells, and mediates specific mutational signatures that are present in human tumors.
Continuous decisions
Authors: Yoo Seng Bum Michael , Hayden Benjamin Yost , Pearson John M. 
Published: January 2021

Humans and other animals evolved to make decisions that extend over time with continuous and ever-changing options. Nonetheless, the academic study of decision-making is mostly limited to the simple case of choice between two options. Here, we advocate that the study of choice should expand to includecontinuous decisions. Continuous decisions, by our definition, involve a continuum of possible responses and take place over an extended period of time during which the response is continuously subject to modification. In most continuous decisions, the range of options can fluctuate and is affected by recent responses, making consideration of reciprocal feedback between choices and the environment essential. The study of continuous decisions raises new questions, such as how abstract processes of valuation and comparison are co-implemented with action planning and execution, how we simulate the large number of possible futures our choices lead to, and how our brains employ hierarchical structure to make choices more efficiently. While microeconomic theory has proven invaluable for discrete decisions, we propose that engineering control theory may serve as a better foundation for continuous ones. And while the concept of value has proven foundational for discrete decisions, goal states and policies may prove more useful for continuous ones.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
The description–experience gap: a challenge for the neuroeconomics of decision-making under uncertainty
Authors: Garcia Basile , Cerrotti Fabien , Palminteri Stefano 
Published: January 2021

The experimental investigation of decision-making in humans relies on two distinct types of paradigms, involving either description- or experience-based choices. In description-based paradigms, decision variables (i.e. payoffs and probabilities) are explicitly communicated by means of symbols. In experience-based paradigms decision variables are learnt from trial-by-trial feedback. In the decision-making literature, ‘description–experience gap’ refers to the fact that different biases are observed in the two experimental paradigms. Remarkably, well-documented biases of description-based choices, such as under-weighting of rare events and loss aversion, do not apply to experience-based decisions. Here, we argue that the description–experience gap represents a major challenge, not only to current decision theories, but also to the neuroeconomics research framework, which relies heavily on the translation of neurophysiological findings between human and non-human primate research. In fact, most non-human primate neurophysiological research relies on behavioural designs that share features of both description- and experience-based choices. As a consequence, it is unclear whether the neural mechanisms built from non-human primate electrophysiology should be linked to description-based or experience-based decision-making processes. The picture is further complicated by additional methodological gaps between human and non-human primate neuroscience research. After analysing these methodological challenges, we conclude proposing new lines of research to address them.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
Neurons in primate prefrontal cortex signal valuable social information during natural viewing
Authors: Adams Geoffrey K. , Ong Wei Song , Pearson John M. , Watson Karli K. , Platt Michael L. 
Published: January 2021

Information about social partners is innately valuable to primates. Decisions about which sources of information to consume are highly naturalistic but also complex and place unusually strong demands on the brain's decision network. In particular, both the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) play key roles in decision making and social behaviour, suggesting a likely role in social information-seeking as well. To test this idea, we developed a ‘channel surfing' task in which monkeys were shown a series of 5 s video clips of conspecifics engaged in natural behaviours at a field site. Videos were annotated frame-by-frame using an ethogram of species-typical behaviours, an important source of social information. Between each clip, monkeys were presented with a choice between targets that determined which clip would be seen next. Monkeys' gaze during playback indicated differential engagement depending on what behaviours were presented. Neurons in both OFC and LPFC responded to choice targets and to video, and discriminated a subset of the behaviours in the ethogram during video viewing. These findings suggest that both OFC and LPFC are engaged in processing social information that is used to guide dynamic information-seeking decisions.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
The adaptive value of probability distortion and risk-seeking in macaques’ decision-making
Authors: Nioche A. , Rougier N. P. , Deffains M. , Bourgeois-Gironde S. , Ballesta S. , Boraud T. 
Published: January 2021

In humans, the attitude toward risk is not neutral and is dissimilar between bets involving gains and bets involving losses. The existence and prevalence of these decision features in non-human primates are unclear. In addition, only a few studies have tried to simulate the evolution of agents based on their attitude toward risk. Therefore, we still ignore to what extent Prospect theory’s claims are evolutionarily rooted. To shed light on this issue, we collected data from nine macaques that performed bets involving gains or losses. We confirmed that their overall behaviour is coherent with Prospect theory’s claims. In parallel, we used a genetic algorithm to simulate the evolution of a population of agents across several generations. We showed that the algorithm selects progressively agents that exhibit risk-seeking, and has an inverted S-shape distorted perception of probability. We compared these two results and found that monkeys’ attitude toward risk is only congruent with the simulation when they are facing losses. This result is consistent with the idea that gambling in the loss domain is analogous to deciding in a context of life-threatening challenges where a certain level of risk-seeking behaviour and probability distortion may be adaptive.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
What behaviour in economic games tells us about the evolution of non-human species' economic decision-making behaviour
Authors: Brosnan Sarah F. 
Published: January 2021

In the past decade, there has been a surge of interest in using games derived from experimental economics to test decision-making behaviour across species. In most cases, researchers are using the games as a tool, for instance, to understand what factors influence decision-making, how decision-making differs across species or contexts, or to ask broader questions about species’ propensities to cooperate or compete. These games have been quite successful in this regard. To what degree, however, do these games tap into species' economic decision-making? For the purpose of understanding the evolution of economic systems in humans, this is the key question. To study this, we can break economic decision-making down into smaller components, each of which is a potential step in the evolution of human economic behaviour. We can then use data from economic games, which are simplified, highly structured models of decision-making and therefore ideal for the comparative approach, to directly compare these components across species and contexts, as well as in relation to more naturalistic behaviours, to better understand the evolution of economic behaviour and the social and ecological contexts that influenced it. The comparative approach has successfully informed us about the evolution of other complex traits, such as language and morality, and should help us more deeply understand why and how human economic systems evolved.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates’.
Acquisition of object-robbing and object/food-bartering behaviours: a culturally maintained token economy in free-ranging long-tailed macaques
Authors: Leca Jean-Baptiste , Gunst Noëlle , Gardiner Matthew , Wandia I. Nengah 
Published: January 2021

The token exchange paradigm shows that monkeys and great apes are able to use objects as symbolic tools to request specific food rewards. Such studies provide insights into the cognitive underpinnings of economic behaviour in non-human primates. However, the ecological validity of these laboratory-based experimental situations tends to be limited. Our field research aims to address the need for a more ecologically valid primate model of trading systems in humans. Around the Uluwatu Temple in Bali, Indonesia, a large free-ranging population of long-tailed macaques spontaneously and routinely engage in token-mediated bartering interactions with humans. These interactions occur in two phases: after stealing inedible and more or less valuable objects from humans, the macaques appear to use them as tokens, by returning them to humans in exchange for food. Our field observational and experimental data showed (i) age differences in robbing/bartering success, indicative of experiential learning, and (ii) clear behavioural associations between value-based token possession and quantity or quality of food rewards rejected and accepted by subadult and adult monkeys, suggestive of robbing/bartering payoff maximization and economic decision-making. This population-specific, prevalent, cross-generational, learned and socially influenced practice may be the first example of a culturally maintained token economy in free-ranging animals.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Existence and prevalence of economic behaviours among non-human primates'.