bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Movement is governed by rotational population dynamics in spinal motor networks
Authors: Lindén Henrik , Petersen Peter C. , Vestergaard Mikkel , Berg Rune W. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTAlthough the generation of movements is a fundamental function of the nervous system, the underlying neural principles remain unclear. Since flexor- and extensor-muscles alternate during rhythmic movements like walking, it is often assumed that the responsible neural circuitry is similarly displaying alternating activity. Here, we present ensemble-recordings of neurons in the lumbar spinal cord that indicate that, rather than alternating, the population is performing a low-dimensional “rotation” in neural space, in which the neural activity is cycling through all phases continuously during the rhythmic behavior. The radius of rotation correlates with the intended muscle force and a perturbation of the low-dimensional trajectory can modify the motor behavior. Since existing models of spinal motor control offer an inadequate explanation of rotation, we propose a new theory of neural generation of movements from which this and other unresolved issues, such as speed regulation, force control, and multi-functionalism, are readily explained.
Spermidine dampens inflammation by directly inhibiting Th17 cytokine production through a PRDX1 associated antioxidant pathway
Authors: Luo Jiadi , Kim Yong Joon , An Xiaojing , Fan Li , Erb Carla , Lou Dequan , Yao Yong , Ferguson Annabel A. , Pan Yinghong , Chen Kong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe activation of IL-17 signaling has been linked to the pathogenesis of many chronic, inflammatory lung diseases including Cystic Fibrosis (CF). Through unbiased single-cell RNAseq screening, we found that IL-17+ T cells highly express Srm and Smox, which encode two key enzymes for spermidine synthesis. Spermidine has been shown to reduce inflammation by regulating macrophage activation and balancing Th17/Treg differentiation, but its direct effects on Th17 cytokine production has not been carefully investigated. Here, using already differentiated Th17 cells from cultured mouse splenocytes, we found that exogenous spermidine directly inhibits IL-1β/IL-23 induced IL-17 production. Blockade of endogenous spermidine synthesis enhanced IL-17 production above native levels, further supporting that spermidine is a direct regulator of cytokine secretion independent of differentiation. In vivo, spermidine alleviates lung inflammation in both PA infection and LPS induced acute lung injury models. Further RNA-seq analysis suggests spermidine suppression of Th17 cytokine production is mediated through its PRDX1 dependent antioxidant activity. Our data establishes that spermidine is a direct regulator of Type-17 T cell cytokine production and has potent anti-inflammatory effects against lung inflammation.
Mevastatin in colon cancer by spectroscopic and microscopic methods - Raman imaging and AFM studies
Authors: Beton K. , Wysocki P. , Brozek-Pluska B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne of the most important areas of medical science is oncology, which is responsible for both the diagnostics and treatment of cancer diseases. Simultaneously one of the main challenges of oncology is the development of modern drugs effective in the fight against cancer. Statins are a group of biologically active compounds with the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors, an enzyme catalyzing the reduction of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) to mevalonic acid. By acting on this enzyme, statins inhibit the endogenous cholesterol synthesis which in turn causes the reduction of its systemic concentrations. However, in vitro and in vivo studies confirm also the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of statins against various types of cancer cells including colon cancer. In the presented studies the influence of mevastatin on cancerous colon cells CaCo-2 by Raman spectroscopy and imaging is discussed and compared with biochemistry characteristic for normal colon cells CCD-18Co. Based on vibrational features of colon cells: normal cells CCD-18Co, cancerous cells CaCo-2 and cancerous cells CaCo-2 treated by mevastatin in different concentrations and incubation times we have confirm the influence of this statin on biochemistry composition of cancerous human colon cells. Moreover, the spectroscopic results for colon normal cells and cancerous cells based on data typical for nucleic acids, proteins, lipids have been compared. The cytotoxisity of mevastatin was determined by using XTT tests.
RNA secondary structure regulates fragments’ adsorption onto flat substrates
Authors: Poblete Simón , Božič Anže , Kanduč Matej , Podgornik Rudolf , Guzman Horacio V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRNA is a functionally rich molecule with multilevel, hierarchical structures whose role in the adsorption to molecular substrates is only beginning to be elucidated. Here, we introduce a multiscale simulation approach that combines a tractable coarse-grained RNA structural model with an interaction potential of a structureless flat adsorbing substrate. Within this approach, we study the specific role of stem-hairpin and multibranch RNA secondary structure motifs on its adsorption phenomenology. Our findings identify a dual regime of adsorption for short RNA fragments with and without secondary structure, and underline the adsorption efficiency in both cases as a function of the surface interaction strength. The observed behavior results from an interplay between the number of contacts formed at the surface and the conformational entropy of the RNA molecule. The adsorption phenomenology of RNA seems to persist also for much longer RNAs as qualitatively observed by comparing the trends of our simulations with a theoretical approach based on an ideal semiflexible polymer chain.
Spatial and Texture Analysis of Root System Distribution with Earth Mover’s Distance (STARSEED)
Authors: Peeples Joshua , Xu Weihuang , Gloaguen Romain , Rowland Diane , Zare Alina , Brym Zachary 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeRoot system architectures are complex and challenging to characterize effectively for agronomic and ecological discovery.MethodsWe propose a new method, Spatial and Texture Analysis of Root SystEm distribution with Earth mover’s Distance (STARSEED), for comparing root system distributions that incorporates spatial information through a novel application of the Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD).ResultsWe illustrate that the approach captures the response of sesame root systems for different genotypes and soil moisture levels. STARSEED provides quantitative and visual insights into changes that occur in root architectures across experimental treatments.ConclusionSTARSEED can be generalized to other plants and provides insight into root system architecture development and response to varying growth conditions not captured by existing root architecture metrics and models. The code and data for our experiments are publicly available:https://github.com/GatorSense/STARSEED.
Programming isotype specific plasma cell differentiation
Authors: Higgins Brett W. , Shuparski Andrew G. , Miller Karen B. , Robinson Amanda M. , McHeyzer-Williams Louise J. , McHeyzer-Williams Michael G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAntibodies are produced across multiple isotypes with distinct properties that coordinate initial antigen clearance and confer long-term antigen-specific immune protection. Here, we interrogate the molecular programs of isotype-specific murine plasma cells (PC) following helper T cell dependent immunization and within established steady-state immunity. Using integrated single cell strategies, we reveal conserved and divergent components of the rapid effector phase of antigen-specific IgM+versus inflammation modulating programs dictated by IgG2a/b+PC differentiation. During antibody affinity maturation, the germinal center (GC) cycle imparts separable programs for post-GC inhibitory IgG1+and inflammatory IgG2a/b+PC to direct long-term cellular function. In the steady-state, two subsets of IgM+and separate IgG2b+PC programs clearly segregate from splenic IgA+PC programs that emphasize mucosal barrier protection. These diverse isotype-specific molecular pathways of PC differentiation control complementary modules of antigen clearance and immune protection that could be selectively targeted for immunotherapeutic applications and vaccine design.
Co-aggregation and secondary nucleation in the life cycle of human prolactin/galanin functional amyloids
Authors: Chatterjee D. , Jacob R.S. , Ray S. , Navalkar A. , Singh N. , Sengupta S. , Gadhe L. , Kadu P. , Datta D. , Paul A. , Pindi C. , Kumar S. , Singru P. S. , Senapati S. , Maji S. K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSynergistic-aggregation and cross-seeding by two different amyloid proteins/peptides are well evident in various neurological disorders. However, this phenomenon is not well studied in functional amyloid aggregation. Here, we show Prolactin (PRL) is associated with lactation in mammals and neuropeptide galanin (GAL), which are co-stored in the lactotrophs facilitates the synergic aggregation in the absence of secretory granules helper molecules glycosaminoglycans (GAGS). Interestingly, although each partner possesses homotypic seeding ability, a unidirectional cross-seeding of GAL aggregation can be mediated by PRL seeds. The specificity of co-aggregation by PRL and GAL along with unidirectional cross-seeding suggests tight regulation of functional amyloid formation during co-storage of these hormones in secretory granule biogenesis of female rat lactotrophs. Further mixed fibrils release the constituent functional hormone much faster than the corresponding individual amyloid formed in presence of GAGs, suggesting that co-aggregation of functionally distant hormones might have evolved for efficient storage, synergistic and rapid release of both hormones upon stimulation. The co-aggregation and cross seeding by two different hormones of completely different structures and sequences (PRL and GAL) suggest a novel mechanism of heterologous amyloid formation both in disease and functional amyloids.
BWA-MEME: BWA-MEM emulated with a machine learning approach
Authors: Jung Youngmok , Han Dongsu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMotivationThe growing use of next-generation sequencing and enlarged sequencing throughput require efficient short-read alignment, where seeding is one of the major performance bottlenecks. The key challenge in the seeding phase is searching for exact matches of substrings of short reads in the reference DNA sequence. Existing algorithms, however, present limitations in performance due to their frequent memory accesses.ResultsThis paper presents BWA-MEME, the first full-fledged short read alignment software that leverages learned indices for solving the exact match search problem for efficient seeding. BWA-MEME is a practical and efficient seeding algorithm based on a suffix array search algorithm that solves the challenges in utilizing learned indices for SMEM search which is extensively used in the seeding phase. Our evaluation shows that BWA-MEME achieves up to 3.45x speedup in seeding throughput over BWA-MEM2 by reducing the number of instructions by 4.60x, memory accesses by 8.77x, and LLC misses by 2.21x, while ensuring the identical SAM output to BWA-MEM2.AvailabilityThe source code and test scripts are available for academic use at https://github.com/kaist-ina/BWA-MEME/.Contacttom418@kaist.ac.kr, dhan.ee@kaist.ac.kr
Amino acid transporter SLC38A5 regulates developmental and pathological retinal angiogenesis
Authors: Wang Zhongxiao , Yemanyi Felix , Huang Shuo , Liu Chi-Hsiu , Britton William R. , Cho Steve S. , Blomfield Alexandra K. , Tomita Yohei , Fu Zhongjie , Ma Jian-Xing , Li Wen-Hong , Chen Jing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmino acid metabolism in vascular endothelium is important for sprouting angiogenesis. SLC38A5 (solute carrier family 38 member 5), an amino acid (AA) transporter, shuttles neutral AAs across cell membrane, including glutamine, which may serve as metabolic fuel for proliferating endothelial cells (ECs) to promote angiogenesis. Here we found thatSlc38a5is highly enriched in normal retinal vascular endothelium, and more specifically in pathological sprouting neovessels.Slc38a5is suppressed in retinal blood vessels fromLrp5-/-andNdpy/-mice, both genetic models of defective retinal vascular development with Wnt signaling mutations. Additionally,Slc38a5transcription is directly regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Genetic deficiency ofSlc38a5in mice substantially delays retinal vascular development and suppresses pathological neovascularization in oxygen-induced retinopathy modeling ischemic proliferative retinopathies. Inhibition ofSLC38A5in retinal vascular ECs impairs EC proliferation and angiogenic function, suppresses glutamine uptake, and dampens vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Together these findings suggest that SLC38A5 is a new metabolic regulator of retinal angiogenesis by controlling AA nutrient uptake and homeostasis in ECs.Significance StatementAmino acid metabolism in vascular endothelium is important for angiogenesis. SLC38A5 (solute carrier family 38 member 5) is an amino acid (AA) transporter for shuttling neutral AAs such as glutamine across cell membrane. Our work demonstrate thatSlc38a5is highly enriched in retinal vascular endothelium. SLC38A5 regulates endothelial cell glutamine uptake and vascular growth factor receptors to impact blood vessels growth in retinal development and in retinopathies. This work uncovered a novel role of SLC38A5 as a metabolic regulator of retinal angiogenesis by controlling AA nutrient uptake and homeostasis in blood vessel endothelium. Findings from this study also suggest that targeting SLC38A5 or relevant AAs can be a new way to protect against retinopathy.
Change processes within team formulations in intellectual disabilities services: what do multi-disciplinary staff find helpful?
Authors: Hymers Gemma , Dagnan Dave , Ingham Barry 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
A biopsychosocial case formulation is an important tool for understanding complexity and guiding treatment for people with intellectual disabilities. It has been suggested that formulation meetings develop staff understanding of individuals they support. This study aims to explore the change processes that occur as a result of professional team formulation meetings, and the mechanisms that facilitate and hinder these events.

Design/methodology/approach
Eight clinicians who took part in multi-disciplinary team-based formulations in an inpatient mental health service for adults with intellectual disabilities were interviewed. Interviews were examined using thematic analysis.

Findings
The key themes identified were: “gaining information”, “altered thoughts” and “focused goals”. These themes were supported by “collaborative working” and “time for reflection” and were hindered by “poor communication and interaction” and inconsistent “staff attendance”.

Originality/value
Multi-disciplinary team formulation meetings may have a number of change processes that affect staff knowledge and perception of the people that they support. The facilitation of these processes should be a focus for further development.
The impact of gasoline shortages on public bike-sharing systems
Authors: Barriola Xabier 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the effect of a recent disruption of Mexico's gasoline supply chain on the usage of public bike-sharing systems in Mexico City and Guadalajara.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use a detailed data set to understand the usage patterns of Ecobici and Mibici. The authors assess both systems with a differences-in-differences econometric model using the least popular stations as a control group.FindingsThe authors find that the number of rides increased significantly shortly after the event because less popular stations became more utilized.Social implicationsThe authors show that when the effects of gasoline shortages were noticeable, usage rates increased in Guadalajara and Mexico City, but the rise primarily came from the users selecting more bikes from the less popular stations. Therefore, the authors show that citizens in both cities regarded bike-sharing as an adequate means of transportation, maximizing system usage during a disruptive time. This finding suggests that cities should invest in improving public bike-sharing systems to reduce carbon emissions and increase their population's well-being.Originality/valueThe authors use a publicly available data set to understand how citizens answered to a major disruption. Furthermore, this is one of the first papers that align supply chain risk management with sustainable transportation and analyzes its effects on citizen behavior in a Latin American setting.
PLM support for design platforms in industrialized house-building
Authors: Lennartsson Martin , André Samuel , Elgh Fredrik 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this research is to support the customization ability for industrial house building companies striving to offer individualized products but with a strategy which includes a production facility. This is accomplished by analyzing the as-is state in terms of existing engineering assets and by proposing a to-be state using the design platform and product lifecycle management (PLM) support.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on design research methodology and collected data are in-depth interviews, document reviews and workshops and method development. The theoretical baseline is product platforms and the design platform.

Findings
The analysis showed that despite use of a platform, inherent assets are disorganized. Still, the identified object-based engineering assets were possible to include in a conceptual proposal for better management, both in the process and product view, using an asset relationship matrix and a PLM system.

Practical implications
The results should be applicable for industrial house building and off-site construction companies and offers an approach to identify and manage their assets and platforms which are crucial to stay competitive.

Originality/value
Previous research on design platforms has focused on engineer-to-order companies within the mechanical industry. The contribution of this paper lies in the application and support of the design platform for industrial house building and the introduction of PLM system support.
Scenario-based economic and societal risk assessment of storm flooding in Shanghai
Authors: Tang Jin , Li Weijiang , Fang Jiayi , Zhang Zhonghao , Du Shiqiang , Wu Yanjuan , Wen Jiahong 
Published: September 2021

PurposeQuantitative and spatial-explicit flood risk information is of great importance for strengthening climate change adaptation and flood resilience. Shanghai is a coastal megacity at large estuary delta with rising flood risks. This study aims to quantify the overall economic-societal risks of storm flooding and their spatial patterns in Shanghai.Design/methodology/approachBased on multiple storm flood scenarios at different return periods, as well as fine-scale data sets including gridded GDP, gridded population and vector land-use, a probabilistic risk model incorporating geographic information system is used to assess the economic-societal risks of flooding and their spatial distributions.FindingsOur results show that, from 1/200 to 1/5,000-year floods, the exposed assets will increase from USD 85.4bn to USD 657.6bn, and the direct economic losses will increase from USD 3.06bn to USD 52bn. The expected annual damage (EAD) of assets is around USD 84.36m. Hotpots of EAD are mainly distributed in the city center, the depressions along the upper Huangpu River in the southwest, the north coast of Hangzhou Bay, and the confluence of the Huangpu River and Yangtze River in the northeast. From 1/200 to 1/5,000-year floods, the exposed population will rise from 280 thousand to 2,420 thousand, and the estimated casualties will rise from 299 to 1,045. The expected annual casualties (EAC) are around 2.28. Hotspots of casualties are generally consistent with those of EAD.Originality/valueIn contrast to previous studies that focus on a single flood scenario or a particular type of flood exposure/risk in Shanghai, the findings contribute to an understanding of overall flood risks and their spatial patterns, which have significant implications for cost-benefit analysis of flood resilience strategies.
Creativity in the hospitality and tourism industry: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ouyang Xi , Liu Zhiqiang , Gui Chenglin 
Published: September 2021

PurposeUnderpinned by the ability–motivation–opportunity framework, this paper aims to establish a framework of employee creativity antecedents in the hospitality and tourism industries and meta-analytically examine the magnitude of effect sizes as well as the moderating effects of cultural factors.Design/methodology/approachA meta-analysis using data from 82 independent studies was conducted to explore the hypothesized relationships and verify how they were contingent on uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation.FindingsThe results supported the majority of hypotheses about the relationships between antecedents and creativity. Furthermore, they showed that the effects of intrinsic motivation, positive affect and climate for innovation on creativity in the hospitality and tourism industries were significantly larger than those reported in previous meta-analyses. It also showed that uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation could buffer or strengthen some associations.Practical implicationsThis study generates some essential managerial suggestions for organizations in need of innovation. Managers can learn from the results so as to effectively promote the ability, motivation and opportunity for creativity and merge cultural elements with innovation strategy when they operate globally.Originality/valueThis study provides a theory-based explanation for how employee creativity can be activated. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is a first attempt to meta-analytically test the underlying determinants of employee creativity in the hospitality and tourism industries. Additionally, the search for boundary conditions of the proposed relationships is likely to reconcile existing conflicts and inspire future studies.
Development and psychometric properties of fear of rejection scale (FRS): measuring social and interpersonal rejection among young adults in Pakistan
Authors: Yawar Rowaida , Aqeel Muhammad , Rafiq Maryam , Navid Saher , Taufiq Nabiha , Touqir Areesha , Imran Moazma 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Fear of rejection is a feeling experienced by every human, which influences everyday life. It impacts an individual’s physical and mental health. But still there is no valid and reliable measure to assess prevalence of fear of rejection because of interpersonal relationships and social factors. This paper aims to serve the purpose of the establishment of psychometric properties of a scale that measures the fear of rejection.

Design/methodology/approach
Data was gathered from focus groups to establish item pool and construct the instrument. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on the data collected by administering fear of rejection scale (FRS) and it uncovered the structure of the developed scale. Principal component analysis method was conducted by using direct oblimin rotation.

Findings
A two-factor structure, which includes interpersonal relationships and social factors, was obtained as a result of EFA. The internal consistency of the scale is highly acceptable with a = 0.93, which indicated that the scale is highly reliable. High reliability of subscales was attained as a = 0.90 and 0.86, respectively.

Originality/value
This research paper is original, which aims to assess the fear of rejection in terms of social and interpersonal rejection. The data collected is valid and authentic. The FRS is constructed with highly reliable results and is a psychometrically sound instrument.