bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separate and combined effects of cadmium(Cd) and nonylphenol(NP) on growth and antioxidative enzymes in Hydrocharis dubia (Bl.) Backer
Authors: Ke Zhen , Wang Donghan , Wu Zhonghua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is listed as a priority pollutant, and nonylphenol(NP) is a common organic pollutant in water environment. However, the ecological risks of combined pollution of Cd and NP have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the effects of Cd (0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 mg/L), NP (0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10 mg/L) and Cd-NP (0.01 + 0.1, 0.01 + 1.0, 0.5 + 0.1, 0.5 + 1.0, 5 + 0.1, 5 + 1.0 mg/L) on growth and physiology of Hydrocharis Dubia (Bl.) Backer were studied. The results showed that the toxicity of H. dubia showed a dose-dependent effect. Growth level and chlorophyll contents of H. dubia induced by NP stress alone showed a certain toxicant excitatory effect. It meant that low concentrations of toxins promote plants growth, high concentrations of toxins inhibit plants growth. The increase of H2O2 content and the decrease of soluble protein content in the plant indicated that both Cd and NP caused oxidative damage to H. dubia. Under the stress, the antioxidant defense systems were activated, the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly decreased. The activity of catalase (CAT) reacted negatively under stress alone, but increased significantly under combined stress. The activity of peroxidase (POD) increased, which was used to alleviate the damage caused by toxics stress. The joint toxicity evaluation showed that the joint toxicity of Cd and NP to H. dubia was antagonistic when the concentrations of Cd + NP were 0.01 + 0.1 mg/L and 0.01 + 1 mg/L. At 0.5 + 0.1 mg/L and 0.5 + 1 mg/L, Cd and NP had a strong synergistic effect on H. dubia.
Effects of Process Variables in Semi-continuous Cultivation of Chlorella Minutissima on the Biomass Composition
Authors: Tagliaferro Geronimo Virginio , Santos Wallyson Ribeiro dos , Santos Júlio Cesar dos , Pereira Priscila , Roma Carolina , Silva Messias Borges , Guimarães Daniela H. P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The biomass composition of Chlorella minutissima 26a was evaluated in different conditions for the microalgae cultured in landfill leachate in airlift photobioreactor operated in semi-continuous mode. The effects of the following factors in cells composition were evaluated: landfill leachate concentration (LC), CO2 percentual flow added in the gas stream (GP), aeration flow in the reactor (AF) and feed flowrate (FR). A Taguchi L9 orthogonal arrangement was used to evaluate the effects of those four factors on the following response variables: Biomass Productivity (BP), Lipid Productivity (LP), Carbohydrate Productivity (CP) and Proteins Productivity (PP). Results showed that the microalgae had high selectivity to produce proteins, reaching a maximum content of 69,60% in the following conditions: LC: 10%, GP: null, AF: 0,30 vvm and FR: 0.9 µmax vvm. The highest contents of lipid and carbohydrate were 17.4% (LC: 15%, GP: null, AF: 0,45 vvm and FR: 0.7 µmax vvm) and 11.6% (LC: 10%, GP: 15%, AF: 0,15 vvm and FR: 0.7 µmax vvm.), respectively, both values achieved at the two experiment with the highest values of specific growth rate (0.44 d-1 and 0.47 d-1, respectively). Statistical analysis showed LC was the most influential factor in the cell chemical composition, being significant (p<0,1) in the productivity of lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, with high values observed using between 5 and 10% of LC in the medium. GP did not show significance for any response studied, while the variables AF and FR showed significance in the productivity of proteins.
Does financing constraints impact the Chinese companies’ pollutants emissions? Evidence from a sample Selection Bias Corrected Model Based on Chinese Company-level Panel Data
Authors: Zhou Xiaoguang , Tang Xinmeng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Most Chinese companies face financing constraints and thus lack sufficient funding for operations and investments that would better control their pollutant emissions. A sample selection bias corrected model is constructed to study the impact of financing constraints on the Chinese companies’ pollutant emissions using company-level emissions data. The empirical results revealed that financing constraints increase the pollutant emissions of the Chinese companies, including the emissions of industrial wastewater, industrial solid waste and sulfur dioxide. The heterogeneity analysis showed that the impacts of financing constraints on the pollutant emissions of companies operating in highly polluting industries and non-state-owned companies are more significant. And compared with internal financing, bank financing can better mitigate the impact of financing constraints on pollutant emissions through green loan projects. The results are stable after controlling for other important company factors and testing the robustness using the subdivided regression. Several political implications are drawn based on these findings that can help control the pollutant emissions of Chinese companies from the perspective of financing constraints.
Development and Application of Novel Indel Markers in Flax (Linum Usitatissimum L.) Through Whole-genome Re-sequencing
Authors: Jiang Hui , Pan Gen , Liu Touming , Chang Li , Huang Siqi , Tang Huijuan , Guo Yuan , Wu Yena , Tao Jie , Chen Anguo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Flax is an important oil and fibre crop grown in Northern Europe, Canada, India, and China. The development of molecular markers has accelerated the process of flax molecular breeding and has improved yield and quality. Presently, simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the whole genome have been developed for flax. However, the development of flax insertion/deletion (InDel) markers has not been reported. A total of 17,110 InDel markers were identified by comparing whole-genome re-sequencing data of two accessions (87-3 and 84-3) with the flax reference genome. The length of InDels ranged from 1–277 bp, with 1–15 bp accounting for the highest rate (95.55%). The most common InDels were in the form of single nucleotide (8840), dinucleotide (3700), and trinucleotide (1349), and chromosome 2 (1505) showed the highest number of InDels among flax chromosomes, while chromosome 10 (913) presented with the lowest number. From 17,110 InDel markers, 90 primers that were evenly distributed in the flax genome were selected. Thirty-two pairs of polymorphic primers were detected in two flax accessions, and the polymorphism rate was 40.70%. Furthermore, genetic diversity analysis, population structure and principal component analyse (PCA) divided 69 flax accessions into two categories, namely oilseed flax and fibre flax using 32 pairs of polymorphic primers. Additionally, correlation analysis showed that InDel-26 and InDel-81 were associated with oil content traits, and two candidate genes (lus10031535 and lus10025284) tightly linked to InDel-26 or InDel-81, might be involved in flax lipid biosynthesis and lipid metabolism. This study is the first to develop InDel markers based on re-sequencing in flax and clustered the markers into two well-separated groups for oil and fibre. The results demonstrated that InDel markers developed herein could be used for flax germplasm identification, genetic diversity analysis, and molecular marker-assisted breeding.
Effect of Corona Virus Pandemic Lockdown to Chemical Composition of Peat Mosses
Authors: Zupancic Nina , Bozau Elke 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Sphagnum mosses are used for biomonitoring of air pollution. In 2019, samples were taken from two peat bogs in Germany and two in Slovenia to determine differences in their levels of potentially toxic elements (PTE). The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) lockdown caused global decrease in air pollution. Therefore, we repeated the monitoring in 2020 to see if this was also reflected in moss composition. Despite the variability within bogs and the areas, it is possible to distinguish the degree of air pollution between the two countries. The Harz mosses have higher contents of almost all elements and Slovenian Cr and Hg in 2020. Comparison of the PTE contents, their ratios to Sc and the enrichment factors show that the COVID-19 lockdown led to a decrease in long-range pollutants bound to finest particles and increased the influence of local soil dusting. The effect prevailed over lower precipitation in 2020 compared to 2019. Transport and industry continued to contribute significantly to contamination. Sphagnum mosses proved to be good indicators of the spatial and temporal extent of pollution. Even relatively short periods of lower air pollution are reflected in moss PTE contents.
Prognosis By Cancer Type and Incidence of Zoledronic Acid-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Hata Hironobu , Imamachi Kenji , Ueda Michihiro , Matsuzaka Masashi , Hiraga Hiroaki , Osanai Toshihisa , Harabayashi Toru , Fujimoto Katsuya , Oizumi Satoshi , Takahashi Masato , Yoshikawa Kazuhito , Sato Jun , Yamazaki Yutaka , Kitagawa Yoshimasa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Survival time after bisphosphonate use has been increasingly recognized to be associated with the incidence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ); however, this has not been elucidated sufficiently in the literature. This study aimed to clarify the incidence of MRONJ and the corresponding survival rate of patients treated with zoledronic acid (ZA) for each type of cancer and obtain useful information for the oral management of cancer.
Methods
We evaluated 988 patients who were administered ZA at our hospital; among them, 862 patients with metastatic bone tumors or myeloma were included.
Results
The median survival time (MST) after ZA initiation was 35, 34, 8, 41, 12, and 6 months for patients with breast, prostrate, lung, myeloma, renal, and other cancers, respectively. Patients with cancers that had a short survival time (lung and other cancers [MST = 8 and 6 months, respectively] and cancers with MST < 10 months) did not develop MRONJ; this could be attributed to the shorter duration of ZA administration. The cumulative incidence of MRONJ in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and multiple myeloma was related to the frequency of anti-resorptive drug use and the increased risk over time. In renal cancer, the cumulative incidence of MRONJ increased early, although the MST was 12 months.
Conclusion
For the dentists in charge of dental management, it is essential to be aware of prognosis-related factors, predict MRONJ risk for each cancer treatment, and use risk prediction in dental management planning, particularly for cancers with non-poor prognosis.
Magnitude of Sexual Behaviours Among College Students In The Eighth Macro-Region of Iran By Self-Reported and Network Scale-Up
Authors: Balvardi Mohadeseh , Dehdashti Nasim , Ghoghary Zahra Imani , Alavi-Arjas Fatemeh , Keikha Mojtaba 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

This study was designed to directly and indirectly estimate the prevalence of sexual behaviors among students of medical science universities in the eighth Macro- region of Iran.
Methods

This cross-sectional study was performed on 3900 students from Kerman and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces in 2019. The data were collected using direct (i.e., self-report of their own behaviors) and indirect (NSU: Network scale-up) methods.
Results

The mean (SD) age of students was 22.45 (3.25). The prevalence of heterosexual intercourse in return for money, extramarital heterosexual intercourse, masturbation, sexting, porn watching, homosexuality and abortion based on NSU method was 6.0%, 8.5%, 19.5%, 9.1%, 22.9%, 2.4% and 0.5% respectively. Corresponding figures of the direct method were 5.7%, 5.8% 18.6%, 9.7%, 23.1%, 2.1% and 0.9% respectively.
Conclusion

Sexual behaviors like porn watching, masturbation and sexting can harm the youth, family and society. The youth should be given training to correctly react to sexual situations.
LncRNA LINC00461 exacerbates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via microRNA-185-3p/Myd88
Authors: Gao Feng , Wang Xiaochen , Fan Tingting , Luo Zhidan , Ma Mengqin , Hu Guangquan , Li Yue , Liang Yi , Lin xianhe , Xu Banglong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) play critically in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Thus, it was proposed to investigate the mechanism of LINC00461 in the disease through mediating microRNA-185-3p (miR-185-3p)/myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88) axis.
Methods
Mice with I/R injury were injected with the vectors that altered miR-185-3p and LINC00461 expression. miR-185-3p, LINC00461 and Myd88 expression in mice with I/R injury were measured, as well as cardiac function, hemodynamics, myocardial fibrosis, infarction area, oxidative stress, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
Results
Raised LINC00461 and Myd88 and suppressed miR-185-3p levels were measured in I/R mice. Down-regulating LINC00461 or up-regulating miR-185-3p recovered cardiac function, reduced myocardial collagen hyperplasia, fibrosis and infarction, and attenuated oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in mice with I/R.
Conclusion
Down-regulation of LINC00461 attenuates myocardial I/R injury via suppressing miR-185-3p-targeted Myd88 expression.
Influence of Tigecycline on Liver Function in Adult Patients in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Song Jingnan , Chen Pan , Tang Zhaoxia , Zheng Yifan , Chen Xiao , Li Jia 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background There are few studies investigating TGC-associated hepatotoxicity in ICU patients, and the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity and identification of risk factors are limited. Objectives To analyze the influence of tigecycline (TGC) on liver function in adult patients in the Intensive Care Unit to identify potential risk factors for tigecycline-induced liver injury (TILI). Methods Patients receiving tigecycline treatment in ICU during January 2019 to October 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. The liver function parameters before and after tigecycline treatment were collected, and risk factors associated with TILI was identified by logistic regression analysis. The probability of 28-day mortality was determined in Cox regression analysis. Results A total of 242 patients were enrolled, and TILI was identified in 24 patients (9.92%), of whom 75.0% had grade 1 liver injury, and 16.67%, 4.17%, 4.17% had grade 2 to 4 liver injury, respectively. The pattern of hepatotoxicity was hepatocellular in 16 patients (66.67%), cholestatic in 4 patients (16.67%), and mixed in 4 patients (16.67%). The median time from tigecycline start to symptoms was only 5 days (IQR, 3-7 days). Multivariate analysis identified tigecycline dose ≥ 200mg/day, longer course of treatment and preexisting liver disease tend to be independently associated with TILI. In addition, APACHE II score > 15, higher dose of tigecycline and TILI were independent risk factors of 28-day mortality, while longer course of tigecycline reduced this risk despite its association with TILI. Conclusions The maintenance dose and course of tigecycline, as well as liver disease is considered as risk factors of hepatotoxicity. 28-day mortality tended to be higher in TILI patients. The relationships among tigecycline dose and course, TILI and mortality should be further investigated.
Perceived Importance of Pandemic Interventions for Attending Cultural Events – Findings From Germany
Authors: Weber Michaela , Plew Manuel , Neumann Christine , Ostendorf Marietta , Herr Raphael , Fischer Joachim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, many cultural and sporting events were held without spectators or had to be cancelled. Therefore, several containment strategies to provide requirements for safe events were developed and tested. Nonetheless, every second (50.7%) is afraid of becoming infected on an event. We therefore investigated which hygiene and containment measures are seen to be important from the visitor’s point of view and thus might increase subjective sense of safety.Methods This online study was carried out in November 2020. A total of 1,004 persons, who regularly attended events before the pandemic, took part in the study. The importance of different hygiene and containment measures was evaluated using 5-point Likert-scale (1 “unimportant” to 5 “extremely important”). Potential statistical differences in socio-demographical aspects (age, gender, net disposable income for leisure activities) and attendance on events were tested with analyses of variance. ResultsParticipants reported the use of disinfectant (M = 4.10) as the most important element of containment strategies, followed by transparent information on the hygiene strategy (M = 4.00), reduced occupancy (M = 3.98), and optimized ventilation (M = 3.97). Body temperature measurement at the entrance (M = 3.27), a negative COVID-19 test (M = 3.11), completion of a health questionnaire (M = 3.05), and abandoning breaks and catering (M = 2.98) were considered as less important.Analyses of group differences in socio-demographical aspects found abandoning breaks and catering to be more important to men than to women. This strategy is also more important to people aged 66 and above than to younger age groups. For women, the use of disinfectant is considerably more important. No other significant differences exist.ConclusionCombining relevant measures appears to be important to provide a safe containment strategy. Measures aimed at positively influencing people’s sense of safety do not fully correspond to medical knowledge of effectiveness. There are also target group-specific differences in the rating of measures, which should be considered while preparing containment strategies. To describe the dynamic development of changes in subjective rating of containment strategies, continuing research is needed.
Association of Advanced Age and Cancer History With Autoimmune Disease in Melanoma Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Holmes Aaron , Swede Helen , Feer Wendy , Pike Dnna , Wang Xiaoyan , Hegde Upendra 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are a major toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Studies have reported that pre-existing autoimmunity increases the risk of irAEs, but it remains unknown which clinical factors are linked to auto-immune disorders in cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate if the prevalence of autoimmune diseases varied by specific cancer history and advanced age.Methods: Our cross-sectional medical record review consisted of 291,333 patients (age, ≥18 years) treated between 2000 and 2018. Patients were classified into four study groups (melanoma only, non-cutaneous solid cancer only, melanoma and non-cutaneous cancer, and no cancer history). Dependent variable was the presence of ≥1 autoimmune disorders based on 99 conditions using 317 ICD codes. Results: Non-cutaneous cancer, in the absence or presence of melanoma, was associated with a higher prevalence of autoimmunity (16.5%, 95% CI 16.1-16.9; 20.0%, 95% CI 18.3-21.7, respectively) compared to the rates in patients with melanoma only and those without cancer history (9.3%, 95% CI 8.6-10.0; 6.2%, 95% CI 6.1-6.3, respectively). Among patients with metastases at initial presentation, those in the melanoma and non-cutaneous cancer group had a prevalence of 24.0% (95% CI 20.1-27.9) compared to 19.1% (95% CI 17.2-21.0) in those without metastases. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated that patients > 75 years exhibited the highest odds of autoimmunity relative to other age groups, which age 18-34 as the referent (OR, 1.78, 95% CI 1.67-1.89). Conclusions: Among patients with melanoma, the greatest prevalence of autoimmunity occurred with advanced age and a history of non-cutaneous cancer.
3D Modeling and Animation Design of Flying Apsaras in Dunhuang Frescoes
Authors: Cao Yang , Li Yuanzheng , zhou Qinyou 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
With rich content and long history, flying Apsaras in Dunhuang frescoes is precious material for studying the artistic style and artistic modeling of ancient Chinese murals. This article aims to explore the 3D modeling and video animation design of flying Apsaras in Dunhuang frescoes, which not only provides Dunhuang Museum with digital cultural heritage content and popular science materials, but also helps develop cultural heritage protection methods and encourages further exploration of Chinese historic art.
Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning Considering Stochastic Wind Disturbance for Power Line Maintenance Robot
Authors: Zheng Xiaoliang , Wu Gongping 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Robot intelligence includes motion intelligence and cognitive intelligence. Aiming at the motion intelligence, a hierarchical reinforcement learning architecture considering stochastic wind disturbance is proposed for the decision-making of the power line maintenance robot with autonomous operation. This architecture uses the prior information of the mechanism knowledge and empirical data to improve the safety and efficiency of the robot operation. In this architecture, the high-level policy selection and the low-level motion control at global and local levels are considered comprehensively under the condition of stochastic wind disturbance. Firstly, the operation task is decomposed into three sub-policies: global obstacle avoidance, local approach and local tightening, and each sub-policy is learned. Then, a master policy is learned to select the operation sub-policy in the current state. The dual deep Q network algorithm is used for the master policy, while the deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm is used for the operation policy. In order to improve the training efficiency, the global obstacle avoidance sub-policy takes the random forest composed of dynamic environmental decision tree as the expert algorithm for imitation learning. The architecture is applied to a power line maintenance scenario, the state function and reward function of each policy are designed, and all policies are trained in an asynchronous and parallel computing environment. It is proved that this architecture can realize stable and safe autonomous operating decision for the power line maintenance robot subjected to stochastic wind disturbance.