bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamics and Parametric Study of the Grate ClinkerCooler Using the Process Model
Authors: Okoji Anthony I. , Anozie Ambrose N. , Omoleye James A. , Osuolale Funmilayo N. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In cement industries, grate coolers are commonly used for heat recovery from hot clinker discharged from the rotary kiln. The study focuses on improving a grate cooling system’s energy, exergy, and recovery efficiencies by optimizing its operating parameters such as cooling air and clinker mass flow rate. Aspen plus V10 process simulator was used to explore the impact of clinker mass, and ambient cooling airflow rate on the thermodynamics efficiencies of a cooling system for grate cooler. The energy and exergy efficiency of the grate clinker cooler gives estimates of 85.9% and 56.2 % respectively. Whereas the energy and exergy recovery of the grate clinker cooler was estimated as 75.9 % and 45.4 % respectively. It was found that a cooling system’s energy and exergy efficiencies can be improved by 2.1 % and 2.2 %, respectively, for each 5 % rise in cooling air mass. Considering the utilization of the heat recovery efficiencies of the exhaust air cooling system, energy and exergy recovery have been found to increase by 8.5 % and 9.2 % respectively. It was discovered that significant emission reductions of 0.23 % can be achieved by raising both secondary air and tertiary temperature via optimization of the grate cooler parameter, resulting in a reduction of fuel for kiln operations. Nevertheless, these units provide opportunities in great potential for energy savings, therefore the method used can also aid informed decision-making to enhance process performance.
Development of A Doum Palm Shelling Machine
Authors: Ogbole D. A. , Ademoh N.A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The traditional method used in Nigeria for removing the shell of doum palm is tedious, consumes time and also result in musculoskeletal strains and cuts. Despite an extensive search, no published literature was available on the development of a machine to shell the nuts of doum palm. To overcome this problem, a power operated doum palm de-shelling machine was designed and developed to help improve efficiency and productivity in producing vegetable ivory, doum oil and these can profoundly influence the socio-economic security of doum palm farmers. The average dimension of the doum palm nuts for the outer and inner shell layer in the three principal axes (namely, length, width, and thickness) were found to be 48.11mm, 37.69mm, 33.28mm and 32.59mm, 26.70, 23.09 respectively and its equivalent geometric mean diameter, surface area and sphericity were also found to be 39.22mm, 4832.42mm2, 81.52% and 27.18mm, 2320.86mm2, 83.39% respectively. All materials used in the fabrication of this machine are of standard specification and locally sourced. The machine is powered by a 0.70 hp electric motor and when the doum palm nuts are fed into the hopper, they pass through to the shelling unit where the shells are removed without causing damage to the nuts. The shelling units comprises of an adjuster and a shelling drum. The doum palm nuts flows to the shelling drum and they make impact with the shelling drum and the walls of the adjuster giving rise to a very great impact force that eventually shells the doum palm nuts. The shelled doum palm nut thereafter falls out through the outlet. The adjuster is used to regulate the shelling unit to the desired fit for different sizes of the doum palm nuts to be shelled. Performances test analysis conducted show that the machine shelled the fruits without nut breakage and also that the machine capacity is 2376 nuts/hr and the shelling efficiency is 73%.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Mixed Convection Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in a Lid-driven Square Cavity Subjected to Different Heating Conditions
Authors: Olayemi O. A. , Al-Farhany K. , Olaogun O. , Ibiwoye M. O. , Medupin R.O. , Jinadu A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The present study investigates mixed convective and fluid flow characteristics in a lid-driven enclosure filled with air and its walls subjected to various heating conditions. The vertical (left and right) walls of the enclosure are cooled (Tc), and the bottom wall is heated to (Th) while the horizontal lid-driven upper wall is subjected to sinusoidal heating. The dimensionless governing equations (continuity, momentum, and energy transport) were implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 software. The influences of Grashof number (103 ⩽ Gr ⩽ 105
) and Reynold number in the interval of 1 ⩽
Re
⩽ 100 on the average Nusselt number ( NU ) for all walls of the cavity was examined. Furthermore, the results presented in the form of isotherms, streamlines, and the local and average Nusselt numbers in the enclosure for
Re ⩽ 100 and
Gr
in the range of 103
⩽
Gr
⩽ 105
. The results indicated the highest and lowest average rate of heat transfer at the bottom and top walls of the cavity respectively. The top wall region presented a higher velocity as confirmed by the velocity contour plots.
Experimental Investigation in the Autoignition Behaviour of Aviation Jet Fuel in a Rapid Compression Machine
Authors: Nyong O.E , Ebieto C.E , Agbro E. , Blakey S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Jet A-1 fuel’s autoignition behaviour was examined experimentally in a newly developed rapid compression machine (RCM) at the University of Sheffield. The experiment was conducted at a compressed temperature at compressed temperatures of 697 K ⩽ Tc ⩽ 796 K, compressed pressure of 6 and 10 bar, and under lean and stoichiometric conditions (φ = 0.75 and 1.0). The initial chamber wall temperature was varied from 115°C - 135°C. The effect of the compressed temperature, compressed pressure and equivalence ratio was seen to have influence on the ignition delay time (IDTs) of Jet A-1. In the experimental condition studied, Jet A-1 exhibited an Arrhenius behaviour that is increasing the compressed temperature, compressed pressure and equivalence ratio decreases monotonically with IDTs. Evidence of two-stage ignition delay and absence of Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) behaviour was observed within the condition studied.
Impact of Passive Energy Strategies on Workers Productivity in Tropical Climate
Authors: Oluwatayo A.A , Pirisola O.H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Passive building strategies in tropical climates are believed to create thermal comfort, thereby enhancing the productivity of the workforce in office buildings. Very little study, however, exists on the impact of these passive design strategies on the productivity of workers in office buildings. This study presents the results of the study on the impact of passive design strategies on the productivity of workers, taking samples from office buildings in Lagos, Nigeria. Copies of questionnaires were administered to gather the required data. Observation guides were also utilised to document passive design features in the buildings studies. Passive design strategies such as; building orientation and the optimisation of solar and ventilation by the use of shading devices were significant strategies in predicting workers’ productivity.
Biosmart Materials and Its Innovative Characteristics in Protective Composite Coating Application
Authors: Dauda K.T. , Majebi C.A , Ayoola A.A. , Agboola O. , Popoola A.P.I , Fayomi O.S.I. , Banjo S.O. , Sojobi J. , Ogunsanya A.O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Smart materials are advanced materials capable of changing into a useful, reproducible, predictable, and often reversible way when external stimuli such as stress, light, moisture, heat, pH, electric, and magnetic fields are applied. When the external stimulus is removed from these materials, they revert to their original form by reversing their original response. Smart materials are capable of altering one or more of their properties in a non-destructive way in response to certain stimuli – and by doing so, become functional in some useful way or the other. Recent work and advancements in smart materials have led scientists to develop advanced materials in the bio-medical field. Biosmart materials currently enjoy a wide range of applications in dentistry, orthopedics, and prosthetics. Examples of these materials include Smart Ceramics, Smart Composites, Self-healing composites, Nickel-Titanium Alloy, Shape Memory Alloy, Smart Sutures, Glass Ionomers and many others. This review paper first provides an overview of bio smart materials – types, classes, characteristics, and applications – it then focuses on the specific area of the development of protective or smart coating for bio smart materials. It discusses some of the progress and advancements that have been made in this area.
Passive characteristics and Arrhenius responses of expired inhibitor drug on UNG1050 steel
Authors: Tijani S.K.U , Odulanmi O.A. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Williams A.B. , Daramola M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe study investigated the efficiency of Artemether/Lumefantrine drug for the inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 0.625M NaCl solution using potentiodynamic polarisation. It also attempted to ascertain the inhibition method, the thermodynamic parameters involved and the adsorption mechanism. Surface morphology was also assessed through scanning electron micrography (SEM). The results confirmed that artemether/lumefantrine inhibits the corrosion of mild steel in 0.625M salt solution fairly well with an efficiency of 75% at 298 K with 20ml of inhibitor used. The efficiency reduced when temperature was increased but it increased when inhibitor concentration was raised which suggests that the inhibition efficiency is inversely proportional to temperature but directly proportional to concentration. It was found to operate with mixed inhibition and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm best matches the behaviour of the inhibitor in the experiment with a minimum correlation coefficient of 0.975.
CFD simulation for pedestrian comfort and wind safety in VIT campus for wind resource management
Authors: Prabhaharan S A , Rajasekarababu KB , Vinayagamurthy G , Sivakumar R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recent researches on Computational Wind Engineering (CWE) studies widely focus on wind pressure coefficients and wind flow field for the aerodynamic design of buildings, urban planning and dispersion studies. Nowadays, CWE had been widely used for identifying the critical wind locations on the field for warning the pedestrians as well as harnessing the wind. Hence, highly functional regions like universities are currently equipping micro wind turbines, and roof-mounted wind turbines to meet their demands. This study focused on exploiting the wind flow conditions around the premises and wind force characteristics of the buildings situated at VIT Chennai premises for effective utilization of wind energy and determining the hot spots of unfavourable wind. By introducing CFD simulation earlier into the design process, it is easy to assess the wind resource conditions, pedestrian safety and comfort. However, the accuracy and reliability of CFD simulations can easily be compromised. For this reason, several sets of best practice guidelines have been developed in the past decades. Based on the best practices, this work presents the CFD simulation and framework for evaluating pedestrian comfort and possible areas to commission small wind turbines in the VIT campus. The simulations for assessing the wind flow conditions are carried out based on the k-∊ realizable turbulent model with high-quality grid-based convergence. The preliminary results can ensure wind comfort, safety and wind resources with CFD and add to enriched wind environmental quality in living.
Design of 3D Printed Aircraft Seat Structure using Latticing in combination with Topology Optimization and Generative Design
Authors: Noronha Wedyn , Joshi Vedant , Jeyanthi S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aviation industry is responsible for 2% of all human-induced CO2 emissions. According to Iata (a trade body), the number of air passengers is predicted to touch 16 billion by 2050. Minimizing weight is central in achieving an ideal balance between payload and range of an aircraft and consequently, low fuel consumption. For instance, in a Boeing 787, a 20% weight savings will result in 10 to 12% superior fuel efficiency. Besides reducing carbon footprint, aircraft performance improvements like better acceleration, higher structural strength and stiffness, and increased safety could also be achieved by lightweight design. In this research paper, we propound the design of an aircraft seat structure which can be fabricated from Polyetherimide resin by 3D Printing. The structure is designed using topology optimization, generative design, and latticing. The lattice structures are made and tested on nTopology TM. The seat’s ergonomics are evaluated on Catia V5. The seat design meets all functional requirements without compromising on passenger comfort. The design can be used for standard commercial jets, and the weight savings are predicted to reduce fuel consumption drastically, resulting in lower costs and lower emissions.
Tensile properties of hybrid kenaf/glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites with different stacking sequence using experimental and FEA simulation method
Authors: Ansari M N M , Vinoth K S , Nordin Afeefah , Bassam Alaseel , Topa A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The conventional overhead transmission line insulators are usually made of glass and ceramics, but the materials are heavy and bulky. Therefore, kenaf fibre was chosen as partial replacement material to be reinforced with Glass/epoxy composite to reduce the weight and bulkiness of the composite structures. This study used Epoxy as matrix and kenaf/glass fibres to reinforce fillers to fabricate the composites in various stacking sequences. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was carried out using LS-DYNA software to investigate the tensile properties of the hybrid composite. The results showed a significant improvement in tensile values of the modelled composite exhibited by the kenaf/glass fibre. The tensile strength of the hybrid composites was comparable with the Glass/Kenaf/Epoxy hybrid composites’ experimental results. About 200% tensile strength improvement can be observed for both experimental and numerical for G/K/G/E sample than pure epoxy samples, thus making the new composite a potential substitute for insulator applications.
Numerical Investigation on Pylon and Flush Wall Injection in Cold Coaxial Jets
Authors: Sarathkumar Sebastin J. , Jeyakumar S. , Karthik K. , Sivakumar R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The dual combustion ramjet (DCR) engine is considered one of the promising engines for the hypersonic missile propulsion system. This paper reveals the non-reacting flow characteristics of the DCR engine with the influence of pylon and wall injections in coaxial jets using numerical investigation. The supersonic combustor of the DCR engine is modeled and analysed using the commercial CFD software ANSYS 18.0. The three-dimensional compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations coupled with the SST k - ω turbulence model have been used to analyse the coaxial mixing characteristics of the jets. The numerical study is validated with the experimental data and agrees with it for further investigation. The pylon and wall injectors are located symmetrically at the gas generator’s nozzle exit, and the air is used as the injectant to simulate gaseous fuel. The pylon and wall injection results are compared with the actual DCR engine. In a typical DCR engine, the shock waves generated from the gas generator nozzle enhance the mixing of the coaxial jets with minimum total pressure loss. The pylon injection induces more shock interactions along the flow direction within the supersonic combustor leading to higher total pressure loss than the wall injection. The pylon injection provides the spatial distribution of fuels compared to the wall injection in the coaxial supersonic flow field.
3-E Analysis of a 3x500 MW coal fired thermal power plant using alternative coals species
Authors: Rajeev Vishnu , Sreekanth M , Feroskhan M , Daniel Joseph 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article reports a study conducted to understand the influence of different coal species on the performance of a thermal power plant. The aim is to understand the difficulties in replacing an existing coal with another available species. The methodology of 3-E (Energy, Exergy and Environment) analysis has been implemented on a 3x500 MW coal fired thermal power plant located in South India. The power plant is modelled using flow sheeting software called Cycle-Tempo. Key operating parameters like temperatures, mass flow rates were compared with the operating parameters and were found to be in good agreement. Maximum exergy loss for the design coal was found to occur in the combustor (36.5%), and the least exergy loss occurred in the de-aerator (0.13%). Optimization of the power plant was carried out with the aim of maximizing the efficiency, and the energy and exergy efficiencies obtained for the power plant were 34.35% and 33.64% respectively. Simulations were carried out with six different coal species, namely (i) Raniganj, (ii) Giridih, (iii) East Bokaro, (iv) West Bokaro, (v) Wardha valley, and (vi) Korba coals and various parameters that influence the performance were examined. An environment analysis was also carried out to study the emissions caused by the different species. East Bokaro coal turned out to be the best coal from efficiency viewpoint whereas Korba coal has the lowest amount of CO2 produced per MW power generated.
Buckling and Vibration Behavior of Composite Beam due to Axially Varying In-plane Loads
Authors: Kanade Sangram Anil , Chinnapandi Lenin Babu Mailan , Jeyaraj P , Subramanian Jeyanthi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this work buckling and vibration behavior of composite beam is analyzed based on the shear and normal deformable beam theory (SNDBT) by using Ritz method. The effects of aspect ratios, boundary conditions, fiber angles on the buckling and vibration subjected to non-uniform axial loads studied in detail. The obtained numerical results in terms of dimensionless fundamental frequencies and dimensionless first critical buckling loads are compared with the results from previous research for convergence studies.
Freezing water simulations in isochoric systems – preliminary analysis
Authors: Beşchea G A , Câmpean Ş I , Scutaru L M , Costiuc L , Şerban A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Freezing liquids into ice is a complex simulation and is called a phase transformation or phase change. Isochoric (constant volume) preservation is a new thermodynamic concept that takes advantage of an until now ignored aspect of thermodynamics, life under conditions of constant volume as opposed to the conventionally studied life conditions of constant pressure. Isochoric system are simple constant volume devices, made of steel, capable of withstanding the pressures that develop in the system, with minimal deformation. Because ice-I is less dense than water, the formation of an ice nucleus in an isochoric (constant volume) chamber will cause an increase in pressure. Traditionally, ice formation is performed in an isobaric process (constant pressure) at 1 atm, because this is our natural environment and it is most convenient experimentally. The goal of this study is to introduce the fundamental thermodynamic principles and boundary conditions of isochoric (constant volume) simulations at low temperatures. In this analysis we intend to shows that homogeneous ice nucleation can be thermodynamically improbable in an isochoric system.
High performance buildings with optimized energy systems based on exergy principles
Authors: Boian I , Tuns I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Optimising buildings and energy systems with a focus on mitigation of greenhouse gas emission is not an easy task: first, principles are necessary to be established and then the steps to be followed. Exergy efficiency can show the best issues: building envelope insulation and air tightening, low-valued energy sources, low-exergy heating and cooling systems, avoiding destructive exergy-processes like boilers burning fossil fuels, systems and grids for low-temperature heating and for high temperature cooling, renewable energy sources, daylight, and passive solar energy use supported by control strategies of building systems can contribute to a better future when considering global warming and comfort.
Considerations on the efficient functioning of the urban water pumping stations
Authors: Cojanu V , Helerea E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Current urban water systems aim to ensure hydraulic and water quality parameters for all consumers connected to the water distribution network, with the highest possible efficiency. This corresponds to reduce primary energy consumption and a responsible control of drinking water sources in order to supply water to urban areas. Most of the time, a low efficiency of water supply systems is due to the following factors: inefficient operation, poor maintenance, incorrect sizing and unmetered water consumption. This article analyzes the efficiency of the solutions applied in the pumping station as a component part of the water supply systems. The case study focuses on the operation of pumps in water supply systems and presents the analysis of the relationship between water consumption and electricity of a pumping group in an urban water supply system. This paper is a first step in order to obtain global parameters for energy optimization of the urban water system.
Conversion of industrial liquid construction waste with plasma on hydrogen
Authors: Cucos I , Isopescu D N , Antonescu I , Alecu C I , Caunii V , Cucos V C , Agavriloaie M O 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a modern system for conversion with plasma with hydrogen of industrial liquid waste which has implemented a control system through thermoregulatory with PID control laws. Modeling and simulation of thermochemical plasma process performed using specialized software Matlab & Simulink, Ansys allows the optimum control of the temperatures and chemical reactions of the plasma reactor on hydrogen, allowing the conversion of hazardous industrial liquid waste into electrical and thermal energy and useful raw materials that can be reused in the production process.
Quantitative fire risk assessment for an office building
Authors: Dârmon R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In Romania, the risk of a fire occurring within a building is determined in a very conservative manner, as a function of the building occupancy type and the thermal load contained within each enclosure. The result is a qualitative expression of low, moderate or high fire risk. On the other hand, the fire is a serious hazard which has to be taken into account within the decision-making process by any organisation for the elaboration of their risk assessments and the risk management strategies. Nevertheless, the one carrying out a fire risk assessment has a various range of methods and techniques to apply, [1, 2] since the legislation does not specifically require a certain approach. This article is an example study of the application of Bayesian statistics to determine the probability of a fire occurring within an office building, due to an electrical fault.