bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phantom rivers filter birds and bats by acoustic niche
Authors: Gomes D. G. E. , Toth C. A. , Cole H. J. , Francis C. D. , Barber J. R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNatural sensory environments, despite strong potential for structuring systems, have been neglected in ecological theory. Here, we test the hypothesis that intense natural acoustic environments shape animal distributions and behavior by broadcasting whitewater river noise in montane riparian zones for two summers. Additionally, we use spectrally-altered river noise to explicitly test the effects of masking as a mechanism driving patterns. Using data from abundance and activity surveys across 60 locations, over two full breeding seasons, we find that both birds and bats avoid areas with high sound levels, while birds avoid frequencies that overlap with birdsong, and bats avoid higher frequencies more generally. We place 720 clay caterpillars in willows, and find that intense sound levels decrease foraging behavior in birds. For bats, we deploy foraging tests across 144 nights, consisting of robotic insect-wing mimics, and speakers broadcasting bat prey sounds, and find that bats appear to switch hunting strategies from passive listening to aerial hawking as sound levels increase. Natural acoustic environments are an underappreciated niche axis, a conclusion that serves to escalate the urgency of mitigating human-created noise.
The 79°N Glacier cavity modulates subglacial iron export to the NE Greenland Shelf
Authors: Krisch Stephan , Hopwood Mark James , Schaffer Janin , Al-Hashem Ali , Höfer Juan , Rutgers van der Loeff Michiel M. , Conway Tim M. , Summers Brent A. , Lodeiro Pablo , Ardiningsih Indah , Steffens Tim , Achterberg Eric Pieter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractApproximately half of the freshwater discharged from the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets enters the ocean subsurface as a result of basal ice melt, or runoff draining via the grounding line of a deep ice shelf or marine-terminating glacier. Around Antarctica and parts of northern Greenland, this freshwater then experiences prolonged residence times in large cavities beneath floating ice tongues. Due to the inaccessibility of these cavities, it is unclear how they moderate the freshwater associated supply of nutrients such as iron (Fe) to the ocean. Here, we show that subglacial dissolved Fe export from Nioghalvfjerdsbrae (the ‘79°N Glacier’) is decoupled from particulate inputs including freshwater Fe supply, likely due to the prolonged ~162-day residence time of Atlantic water beneath Greenland’s largest floating ice-tongue. Our findings indicate that the overturning rate and particle-dissolved phase exchanges in ice cavities exert a dominant control on subglacial nutrient supply to shelf regions.
Microsecond fingerprint stimulated Raman spectroscopic imaging by ultrafast tuning and spatial-spectral learning
Authors: Lin Haonan , Lee Hyeon Jeong , Tague Nathan , Lugagne Jean-Baptiste , Zong Cheng , Deng Fengyuan , Shin Jonghyeon , Tian Lei , Wong Wilson , Dunlop Mary J. , Cheng Ji-Xin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLabel-free vibrational imaging by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) provides unprecedented insight into real-time chemical distributions. Specifically, SRS in the fingerprint region (400–1800 cm−1) can resolve multiple chemicals in a complex bio-environment. However, due to the intrinsic weak Raman cross-sections and the lack of ultrafast spectral acquisition schemes with high spectral fidelity, SRS in the fingerprint region is not viable for studying living cells or large-scale tissue samples. Here, we report a fingerprint spectroscopic SRS platform that acquires a distortion-free SRS spectrum at 10 cm−1spectral resolution within 20 µs using a polygon scanner. Meanwhile, we significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio by employing a spatial-spectral residual learning network, reaching a level comparable to that with 100 times integration. Collectively, our system enables high-speed vibrational spectroscopic imaging of multiple biomolecules in samples ranging from a single live microbe to a tissue slice.
3D printable diffractive optical elements by liquid immersion
Authors: Orange-Kedem Reut , Nehme Elias , Weiss Lucien E. , Ferdman Boris , Alalouf Onit , Opatovski Nadav , Shechtman Yoav 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDiffractive optical elements (DOEs) are used to shape the wavefront of incident light. This can be used to generate practically any pattern of interest, albeit with varying efficiency. A fundamental challenge associated with DOEs comes from the nanoscale-precision requirements for their fabrication. Here we demonstrate a method to controllably scale up the relevant feature dimensions of a device from tens-of-nanometers to tens-of-microns by immersing the DOEs in a near-index-matched solution. This makes it possible to utilize modern 3D-printing technologies for fabrication, thereby significantly simplifying the production of DOEs and decreasing costs by orders of magnitude, without hindering performance. We demonstrate the tunability of our design for varying experimental conditions, and the suitability of this approach to ultrasensitive applications by localizing the 3D positions of single molecules in cells using our microscale fabricated optical element to modify the point-spread-function (PSF) of a microscope.
Detecting and phasing minor single-nucleotide variants from long-read sequencing data
Authors: Feng Zhixing , Clemente Jose C. , Wong Brandon , Schadt Eric E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCellular genetic heterogeneity is common in many biological conditions including cancer, microbiome, and co-infection of multiple pathogens. Detecting and phasing minor variants play an instrumental role in deciphering cellular genetic heterogeneity, but they are still difficult tasks because of technological limitations. Recently, long-read sequencing technologies, including those by Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore, provide an opportunity to tackle these challenges. However, high error rates make it difficult to take full advantage of these technologies. To fill this gap, we introduce iGDA, an open-source tool that can accurately detect and phase minor single-nucleotide variants (SNVs), whose frequencies are as low as 0.2%, from raw long-read sequencing data. We also demonstrate that iGDA can accurately reconstruct haplotypes in closely related strains of the same species (divergence ≥0.011%) from long-read metagenomic data.
Predicting optimal deep brain stimulation parameters for Parkinson’s disease using functional MRI and machine learning
Authors: Boutet Alexandre , Madhavan Radhika , Elias Gavin J. B. , Joel Suresh E. , Gramer Robert , Ranjan Manish , Paramanandam Vijayashankar , Xu David , Germann Jurgen , Loh Aaron , Kalia Suneil K. , Hodaie Mojgan , Li Bryan , Prasad Sreeram , Coblentz Ailish , Munhoz Renato P. , Ashe Jeffrey , Kucharczyk Walter , Fasano Alfonso , Lozano Andres M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCommonly used for Parkinson’s disease (PD), deep brain stimulation (DBS) produces marked clinical benefits when optimized. However, assessing the large number of possible stimulation settings (i.e., programming) requires numerous clinic visits. Here, we examine whether functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can be used to predict optimal stimulation settings for individual patients. We analyze 3 T fMRI data prospectively acquired as part of an observational trial in 67 PD patients using optimal and non-optimal stimulation settings. Clinically optimal stimulation produces a characteristic fMRI brain response pattern marked by preferential engagement of the motor circuit. Then, we build a machine learning model predicting optimal vs. non-optimal settings using the fMRI patterns of 39 PD patients with a priori clinically optimized DBS (88% accuracy). The model predicts optimal stimulation settings in unseen datasets: a priori clinically optimized and stimulation-naïve PD patients. We propose that fMRI brain responses to DBS stimulation in PD patients could represent an objective biomarker of clinical response. Upon further validation with additional studies, these findings may open the door to functional imaging-assisted DBS programming.
In vivo genome-wide CRISPR screen reveals breast cancer vulnerabilities and synergistic mTOR/Hippo targeted combination therapy
Authors: Dai Meiou , Yan Gang , Wang Ni , Daliah Girija , Edick Ashlin M. , Poulet Sophie , Boudreault Julien , Ali Suhad , Burgos Sergio A. , Lebrun Jean-Jacques 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients exhibit poor survival outcomes and lack effective targeted therapies. Using unbiased in vivo genome-wide CRISPR screening, we interrogated cancer vulnerabilities in TNBC and identified an interplay between oncogenic and tumor suppressor pathways. This study reveals tumor regulatory functions for essential components of the mTOR and Hippo pathways in TNBC. Using in vitro drug matrix synergy models and in vivo patient-derived xenografts, we further establish the therapeutic relevance of our findings and show that pharmacological inhibition of mTORC1/2 and oncoprotein YAP efficiently reduces tumorigenesis in TNBC. At the molecular level, we find that while verteporfin-induced YAP inhibition leads to apoptosis, torin1-mediated mTORC1/2 inhibition promotes macropinocytosis. Torin1-induced macropinocytosis further facilitates verteporfin uptake, thereby greatly enhancing its pro-apoptotic effects in cancer cells. Overall, our study underscores the power and robustness of in vivo CRISPR genome-wide screens in identifying clinically relevant and innovative therapeutic modalities in cancer.
Subpolar North Atlantic western boundary density anomalies and the Meridional Overturning Circulation
Authors: Li F. , Lozier M. S. , Bacon S. , Bower A. S. , Cunningham S. A. , de Jong M. F. , deYoung B. , Fraser N. , Fried N. , Han G. , Holliday N. P. , Holte J. , Houpert L. , Inall M. E. , Johns W. E. , Jones S. , Johnson C. , Karstensen J. , Le Bras I. A. , Lherminier P. , Lin X. , Mercier H. , Oltmanns M. , Pacini A. , Petit T. , Pickart R. S. , Rayner D. , Straneo F. , Thierry V. , Visbeck M. , Yashayaev I. , Zhou C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChanges in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, which have the potential to drive societally-important climate impacts, have traditionally been linked to the strength of deep water formation in the subpolar North Atlantic. Yet there is neither clear observational evidence nor agreement among models about how changes in deep water formation influence overturning. Here, we use data from a trans-basin mooring array (OSNAP—Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program) to show that winter convection during 2014–2018 in the interior basin had minimal impact on density changes in the deep western boundary currents in the subpolar basins. Contrary to previous modeling studies, we find no discernable relationship between western boundary changes and subpolar overturning variability over the observational time scales. Our results require a reconsideration of the notion of deep western boundary changes representing overturning characteristics, with implications for constraining the source of overturning variability within and downstream of the subpolar region.
Addressing voltage decay in Li-rich cathodes by broadening the gap between metallic and anionic bands
Authors: Zhang Jicheng , Zhang Qinghua , Wong Deniz , Zhang Nian , Ren Guoxi , Gu Lin , Schulz Christian , He Lunhua , Yu Yang , Liu Xiangfeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOxygen release and irreversible cation migration are the main causes of voltage fade in Li-rich transition metal oxide cathode. But their correlation is not very clear and voltage decay is still a bottleneck. Herein, we modulate the oxygen anionic redox chemistry by constructing Li2ZrO3 slabs into Li2MnO3 domain in Li1.21Ni0.28Mn0.51O2, which induces the lattice strain, tunes the chemical environment for redox-active oxygen and enlarges the gap between metallic and anionic bands. This modulation expands the region in which lattice oxygen contributes capacity by oxidation to oxygen holes and relieves the charge transfer from anionic band to antibonding metal–oxygen band under a deep delithiation. This restrains cation reduction, metal–oxygen bond fracture, and the formation of localized O2 molecule, which fundamentally inhibits lattice oxygen escape and cation migration. The modulated cathode demonstrates a low voltage decay rate (0.45 millivolt per cycle) and a long cyclic stability.
Probing the Na metal solid electrolyte interphase via cryo-transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Han Bing , Zou Yucheng , Zhang Zhen , Yang Xuming , Shi Xiaobo , Meng Hong , Wang Hong , Xu Kang , Deng Yonghong , Gu Meng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) is a valuable tool recently proposed to investigate battery electrodes. Despite being employed for Li-based battery materials, cryo-TEM measurements for Na-based electrochemical energy storage systems are not commonly reported. In particular, elucidating the chemical and morphological behavior of the Na-metal electrode in contact with a non-aqueous liquid electrolyte solution could provide useful insights that may lead to a better understanding of metal cells during operation. Here, using cryo-TEM, we investigate the effect of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) additive on the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) structure of a Na-metal electrode. Without FEC, the NaPF6-containing carbonate-based electrolyte reacts with the metal electrode to produce an unstable SEI, rich in Na2CO3 and Na3PO4, which constantly consumes the sodium reservoir of the cell during cycling. When FEC is used, the Na-metal electrode forms a multilayer SEI structure comprising an outer NaF-rich amorphous phase and an inner Na3PO4 phase. This layered structure stabilizes the SEI and prevents further reactions between the electrolyte and the Na metal.
Construction 7-membered ring via Ni–Al bimetal-enabled C–H cyclization for synthesis of tricyclic imidazoles
Authors: Li Jiang-Fei , Xu Wei-Wei , Wang Rong-Hua , Li Yue , Yin Ge , Ye Mengchun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe construction of 7-membered ring via direct C7–H cyclization of benzoimidazoles with alkenes would provide a more atom- and step-economical route to tricyclic imidazoles and derivatives that widely exist in a broad range of bioactive molecules. However, transition metal-catalyzed C–H cyclization for medium-ring synthesis has been limited to reactive C–H bonds, instead, the activation of unreactive C–H bonds towards medium synthesis still remains an elusive challenge. Herein, we report a direct construction of 7-membered rings via Ni–Al co-catalyzed unreactive C7–H cyclization of benzoimidazoles with alkenes, providing a series of tricyclic imidazoles in 40–98% yield and with up to 95:5 er.
Anti-tumor effects of an ID antagonist with no observed acquired resistance
Authors: Wojnarowicz Paulina M. , Escolano Marta Garcia , Huang Yun-Han , Desai Bina , Chin Yvette , Shah Riddhi , Xu Sijia , Yadav Saurabh , Yaklichkin Sergey , Ouerfelli Ouathek , Soni Rajesh Kumar , Philip John , Montrose David C. , Healey John H. , Rajasekhar Vinagolu K. , Garland William A. , Ratiu Jeremy , Zhuang Yuan , Norton Larry , Rosen Neal , Hendrickson Ronald C. , Zhou Xi Kathy , Iavarone Antonio , Massague Joan , Dannenberg Andrew J. , Lasorella Anna , Benezra Robert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractID proteins are helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcriptional regulators frequently overexpressed in cancer. ID proteins inhibit basic-HLH transcription factors often blocking differentiation and sustaining proliferation. A small-molecule, AGX51, targets ID proteins for degradation and impairs ocular neovascularization in mouse models. Here we show that AGX51 treatment of cancer cell lines impairs cell growth and viability that results from an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production upon ID degradation. In mouse models, AGX51 treatment suppresses breast cancer colonization in the lung, regresses the growth of paclitaxel-resistant breast tumors when combined with paclitaxel and reduces tumor burden in sporadic colorectal neoplasia. Furthermore, in cells and mice, we fail to observe acquired resistance to AGX51 likely the result of the inability to mutate the binding pocket without loss of ID function and efficient degradation of the ID proteins. Thus, AGX51 is a first-in-class compound that antagonizes ID proteins, shows strong anti-tumor effects and may be further developed for the management of multiple cancers.
Large subglacial source of mercury from the southwestern margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Hawkings Jon R. , Linhoff Benjamin S. , Wadham Jemma L. , Stibal Marek , Lamborg Carl H. , Carling Gregory T. , Lamarche-Gagnon Guillaume , Kohler Tyler J. , Ward Rachael , Hendry Katharine R. , Falteisek Lukáš , Kellerman Anne M. , Cameron Karen A. , Hatton Jade E. , Tingey Sarah , Holt Amy D. , Vinšová Petra , Hofer Stefan , Bulínová Marie , Větrovský Tomáš , Meire Lorenz , Spencer Robert G. M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Greenland Ice Sheet is currently not accounted for in Arctic mercury budgets, despite large and increasing annual runoff to the ocean and the socio-economic concerns of high mercury levels in Arctic organisms. Here we present concentrations of mercury in meltwaters from three glacial catchments on the southwestern margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet and evaluate the export of mercury to downstream fjords based on samples collected during summer ablation seasons. We show that concentrations of dissolved mercury are among the highest recorded in natural waters and mercury yields from these glacial catchments (521–3,300 mmol km−2 year−1) are two orders of magnitude higher than from Arctic rivers (4–20 mmol km−2 year−1). Fluxes of dissolved mercury from the southwestern region of Greenland are estimated to be globally significant (15.4–212 kmol year−1), accounting for about 10% of the estimated global riverine flux, and include export of bioaccumulating methylmercury (0.31–1.97 kmol year−1). High dissolved mercury concentrations (~20 pM inorganic mercury and ~2 pM methylmercury) were found to persist across salinity gradients of fjords. Mean particulate mercury concentrations were among the highest recorded in the literature (~51,000 pM), and dissolved mercury concentrations in runoff exceed reported surface snow and ice values. These results suggest a geological source of mercury at the ice sheet bed. The high concentrations of mercury and its large export to the downstream fjords have important implications for Arctic ecosystems, highlighting an urgent need to better understand mercury dynamics in ice sheet runoff under global warming.
Patient characteristics predict patency of early-cannulation arteriovenous grafts
Authors: Kingsmore David B. , Stevenson Karen S. , Richarz S. , Isaak Andrej , Jackson Andrew , Kasthuri Ram , Thomson Peter C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere is a new emphasis on tailoring appropriate vascular access for hemodialysis to patients and their life-plans, but there is little known about the optimal use of newer devices such as early-cannulation arteriovenous grafts (ecAVG), with studies utilising them in a wide variety of situations. The aim of this study was to determine if the outcome of ecAVG can be predicted by patient characteristics known pre-operatively. This retrospective analysis of 278 consecutive ecAVG with minimum one-year follow-up correlated functional patency with demographic data, renal history, renal replacement and vascular access history. On univariate analysis, aetiology of renal disease, indication for an ecAVG, the number of previous tunnelled central venous catheters (TCVC) prior to insertion of an ecAVG, peripheral vascular disease, and BMI were significant associates with functional patency. On multivariate analysis the number of previous TCVC, the presence of peripheral vascular disease and indication were independently associated with outcome after allowing for age, sex and BMI. When selecting for vascular access, understanding the clinical circumstances such as indication and previous vascular access can identify patients with differing outcomes. Importantly, strategies that result in TCVC exposure have an independent and cumulative association with decreasing long-term patency for subsequent ecAVG. As such, TCVC exposure is best avoided or minimised particularly when ecAVG can be considered.
Activation of IGF-1 pathway and suppression of atrophy related genes are involved in Epimedium extract (icariin) promoted C2C12 myotube hypertrophy
Authors: Lin Yi-An , Li Yan-Rong , Chang Yi-Ching , Hsu Mei-Chich , Chen Szu-Tah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe regenerative effect of Epimedium and its major bioactive flavonoid icariin (ICA) have been documented in traditional medicine, but their effect on sarcopenia has not been evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Epimedium extract (EE) on skeletal muscle as represented by differentiated C2C12 cells. Here we demonstrated that EE and ICA stimulated C2C12 myotube hypertrophy by activating several, including IGF-1 signal pathways. C2C12 myotube hypertrophy was demonstrated by enlarged myotube and increased myosin heavy chains (MyHCs). In similar to IGF-1, EE/ICA activated key components of the IGF-1 signal pathway, including IGF-1 receptor. Pre-treatment with IGF-1 signal pathway specific inhibitors such as picropodophyllin, LY294002, and rapamycin attenuated EE induced myotube hypertrophy and MyHC isoform overexpression. In a different way, EE induced MHyC-S overexpression can be blocked by AMPK, but not by mTOR inhibitor. On the level of transcription, EE suppressed myostatin and MRF4 expression, but did not suppress atrogenes MAFbx and MuRF1 like IGF-1 did. Differential regulation of MyHC isoform and atrogenes is probably due to inequivalent AKT and AMPK phosphorylation induced by EE and IGF-1. These findings suggest that EE/ICA stimulates pathways partially overlapping with IGF-1 signaling pathway to promote myotube hypertrophy.
A single neuron subset governs a single coactive neuron circuit in Hydra vulgaris, representing a possible ancestral feature of neural evolution
Authors: Noro Yukihiko , Shimizu Hiroshi , Mineta Katsuhiko , Gojobori Takashi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe last common ancestor of Bilateria and Cnidaria is believed to be one of the first animals to develop a nervous system over 500 million years ago. Many of the genes involved in the neural function of the advanced nervous system in Bilateria are well conserved in Cnidaria. Thus, the cnidarian Hydra vulgaris is a good model organism for the study of the putative primitive nervous system in its last common ancestor. The diffuse nervous system of Hydra consists of several peptidergic neuron subsets. However, the specific functions of these subsets remain unclear. Using calcium imaging, here we show that the neuron subsets that express neuropeptide, Hym-176, function as motor circuits to evoke longitudinal contraction. We found that all neurons in a subset defined by the Hym-176 gene (Hym-176A) or its paralogs (Hym-176B) expression are excited simultaneously, followed by longitudinal contraction. This indicates not only that these neuron subsets have a motor function but also that a single molecularly defined neuron subset forms a single coactive circuit. This is in contrast with the bilaterian nervous system, where a single molecularly defined neuron subset harbors multiple coactive circuits, showing a mixture of neurons firing with different timings. Furthermore, we found that the two motor circuits, one expressing Hym-176B in the body column and the other expressing Hym-176A in the foot, are coordinately regulated to exert region-specific contraction. Our results demonstrate that one neuron subset is likely to form a monofunctional circuit as a minimum functional unit to build a more complex behavior in Hydra. This simple feature (one subset, one circuit, one function) found in Hydra may represent the simple ancestral condition of neural evolution.