bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence and risk factors for incisional hernia and recurrence: Retrospective analysis of the French national database
Authors: Gignoux Benoit , Bayon Yves , Martin Damien , Phan Raksmey , Augusto Vincent , Darnis Benjamin , Sarazin Marianne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this work was to determine the rate of incisional hernia (IH) repair and risk factors for IH repair after laparotomy.MethodThis population‐based study used data extracted from the French Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d’Informations (PMSI) database. All patients who had undergone a laparotomy in 2010, their hospital visits from 2010 to 2015 and patients who underwent a first IH repair in 2013 were included. Previously identified risk factors included age, gender, high blood pressure (HBP), obesity, diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).ResultsAmong the 431 619 patients who underwent a laparotomy in 2010, 5% underwent IH repair between 2010 and 2015. A high‐risk list of the most frequent surgical procedures (>100) with a significant risk of IH repair (>10% at 5 years) was established and included 71 863 patients (17%; 65 procedures). The overall IH repair rate from this list was 17%. Gastrointestinal (GI) surgery represented 89% of procedures, with the majority of patients (72%) undergoing lower GI tract surgery. The IH repair rate was 56% at 1 year and 79% at 2 years. Risk factors for IH repair included obesity (31% vs 15% without obesity, p < 0.001), COPD (20% vs 16% without COPD), HBP (19% vs 15% without HBP) and diabetes (19% vs 16% without diabetes). Obesity was the main risk factor for recurrence after IH repair (19% vs 13%, p < 0.001).ConclusionFrom the PMSI database, the real rate of IH repair after laparotomy was 5%, increasing to 17% after digestive surgery. Obesity was the main risk factor, with an IH repair rate of 31% after digestive surgery. Because of the important medico‐economic consequences, prevention of IH after laparotomy in high‐risk patients should be considered.
Plastic ingestion by marine fish is widespread and increasing
Authors: Savoca Matthew S. , McInturf Alexandra G. , Hazen Elliott L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlastic pollution has pervaded almost every facet of the biosphere, yet we lack an understanding of consumption risk by marine species at the global scale. To address this, we compile data from research documenting plastic debris ingestion by marine fish, totaling 171,774 individuals of 555 species. Overall, 386 marine fish species have ingested plastic debris including 210 species of commercial importance. However, 148 species studied had no records of plastic consumption, suggesting that while this evolutionary trap is widespread, it is not yet universal. Across all studies that accounted for microplastics, the incidence rate of plastic ingested by fish was 26%. Over the last decade this incidence has doubled, increasing by 2.4 ± 0.4% per year. This is driven both by increasing detection of smaller sized particles as a result of improved methodologies, as well as an increase in fish consuming plastic. Further, we investigated the role of geographic, ecological, and behavioral factors in the ingestion of plastic across species. These analyses revealed that the abundance of plastic in surface waters was positively correlated to plastic ingestion. Demersal species are more likely to ingest plastic in shallow waters; in contrast, pelagic species were most likely to consume plastic below the mixed layer. Mobile predatory species had the highest likelihood to ingest plastic; similarly, we found a positive relationship between trophic level and plastic ingestion. We also find evidence that surface ingestion‐deep sea egestion of microplastics by mesopelagic myctophids is likely a key mechanism for the export of microplastics from the surface ocean to the seafloor, a sink for marine debris. These results elucidate the role of ecology and biogeography underlying plastic ingestion by marine fish and point toward species and regions in urgent need of study.
M1 Macrophage exosomes MiR‐21a‐5p aggravates inflammatory bowel disease through decreasing E‐cadherin and subsequent ILC2 activation
Authors: Lu Jiaxi , Liu Deliang , Tan Yuyong , Deng Feihong , Li Rong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAbnormal immune regulation is a key feature of the complex pathogenic mechanism of ulcerative colitis (UC). In particular, macrophages and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are important components of natural immunity that have been shown to play important roles in the pathogenesis of UC, as well as decreased E‐cadherin expression on the colonic mucosa. However, it remains unclear how these components interact with each other. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of UC mediated by macrophage‐derived exosomes. We showed for the first time that miR‐21a‐5p expression is increased in the peritoneal exosomes of mice with dextran sulphate sodium induced enteritis and that miR‐21a‐5p expression correlates negatively with E‐cadherin expression in enterocytes. Moreover, we confirmed that miR‐21a‐5p was mainly derived from M1 macrophages and demonstrated that KLRG1, a surface inhibitory receptor on ILC2s, participated in excessive ILC2 activation in UC by promoting GATA‐3. In conclusion, our results suggest molecular targets and provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the pathogenesis of UC and improving its treatment.
Study design and primary outcome in randomized controlled trials in periodontology. A systematic review
Authors: Alshamsi Maryam , Mehta Jaimini , Nibali Luigi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this review is to assess study design and risk of bias related to primary outcome in recently published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in periodontology.MethodAn electronic (Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane library) and a manual search were completed to detect RCTs in humans, with an outcome in the field of periodontology and published in English from January 2018 up to March 2020.ResultsData extraction of 318 publications meeting the inclusion criteria was performed by two reviewers. Most studies adopted a parallel‐group superiority design in a university setting. Overall, 54% of papers reported the primary outcome and relative sample size calculation, while only 37% also included reproducibility estimates relative to the primary outcome. Papers published in journals with higher impact factors had better compliance with primary outcome reporting and lower overall risk of bias scores.ConclusionImprovements in the quality of RCTs in periodontology are still needed. The importance of defining a clinically relevant study primary outcome and building the study around it needs to be emphasized. Furthermore, RCTs in periodontology could consider, when appropriate, some of the study design options which facilitate application of the principles of personalized medicine.
How Robots Help Nurses Focus on Professional Task Engagement and Reduce Nurses’ Turnover Intention
Authors: Chang Hao‐Yuan , Huang Tzu‐Ling , Wong May‐Kuen , Ho Lun‐Hui , Wu Chieh‐Ni , Teng Ching‐I 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeTo examine how robot‐enabled focus on professional task engagement and robot‐reduced nonprofessional task engagement are related to nurses’ professional turnover intention.DesignWe adopted a two‐wave study design.MethodsWe collected the first wave of data in a large hospital in Taiwan during October and November 2019 and the second wave between December 2019 and February 2020. We used the data collected from 331 nurses who participated in both waves.FindingsWe found that robot‐enabled focus on professional task engagement is positively related to nurses’ overall job satisfaction and perceived health improvement. Robot‐reduced nonprofessional task engagement is positively related to nurses’ perceived health improvement. Both overall job satisfaction and perceived health improvement are negatively related to nurses’ professional turnover intention.ConclusionsRobots’ ability to focus nurses’ efforts in professional tasks may help improve nurses’ health and overall job satisfaction, and by extension reduce their turnover intention.Clinical RelevanceNurse managers could suggest hospitals introduce robots, particularly those that can share nurses’ nonprofessional workload. This, meanwhile, could focus nurses’ efforts on professional task engagement.
Management of Fractured Zirconia Complete Arch Fixed Implant‐Supported Prosthesis Caused by Misfit Due to Diverse Implant Components: A Case Report
Authors: DMD Collin Shuen , Bidra Avinash S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecently, monolithic zirconia complete‐arch fixed implant‐supported prosthesis (CAFIP) has been shown to be an effective means of managing patients with edentulism or terminal dentition. Prosthetic complications have been reported to be rare, as long as there is proper treatment planning, prosthetic space and careful attention during fabrication of the prosthesis. Few reports exist in the literature that have described the management of patients with fractured zirconia CAFIP. This case report describes the successful management of a female patient with a midline fracture of a monolithic zirconia CAFIP supported by 6 dental implants in the mandibular arch. The fractured prosthesis had adequate prosthesis thickness with no distal cantilever, and opposed a similar prosthesis in the maxilla. However, upon careful analysis, diverse implant components were identified as the primary contributory factor to prosthetic misfit, and subsequent fracture. This is a new factor that requires attention by clinicians and dental laboratory technicians due to the increased prevalence of patients with preexisting dental implants. This article describes the considerations related to diverse implant components and connections from different implant manufacturers, choice of favorable implant‐abutment design, technique for mitigation, and importance of passive fit for zirconia CAFIP.
Accelerating innovation: Some lessons from the pandemic
Authors: Cooper Robert G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Pandemic taught us that accelerated new‐product development is more important than ever, and provided examples of firms developing breakthrough products in record time. Five approaches to accelerated development are outlined here: The first two deal with adequately resourcing new‐product projects, namely the use of focused teams; and effective portfolio management to prioritize projects and reallocate resources. Newer digital tools are outlined that speed new‐products developments. Finally, two development methods are described that move development projects faster: Lean development and Agile development. Accelerated development also has hidden costs: undertaking less innovative projects and cutting too many corners. Although important, the topic is under‐researched, and the limited research has yielded inconclusive results about acceleration's expected benefits.
Evolution, inactivation and loss of short wavelength‐sensitive opsin genes during the diversification of Neotropical cichlids
Authors: Hauser Frances E. , Ilves Katriina L. , Schott Ryan K. , Alvi Erin , López‐Fernández Hernán , Chang Belinda S.W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNatural variation in the number, expression and function of sensory genes in an organism's genome is often tightly linked to different ecological and evolutionary forces. Opsin genes, which code for the first step in visual transduction, are ideal models for testing how ecological factors such as light environment may influence visual system adaptation. Neotropical cichlid fishes are a highly ecologically diverse group that evolved in a variety of aquatic habitats, including black (stained), white (opaque) and clear waters. We used cross‐species exon capture to sequence Neotropical cichlid short wavelength‐sensitive (SWS) opsins, which mediate ultraviolet (UV) to blue visual sensitivity. Neotropical cichlid SWS1 opsin (UV‐sensitive) underwent a relaxation of selective constraint during the early phases of cichlid diversification in South America, leading to pseudogenization and loss. Conversely, SWS2a (blue‐sensitive) experienced a burst of episodic positive selection at the base of the South American cichlid radiation. This burst coincides with SWS1 relaxation and loss, and is consistent with findings in ecomorphological studies characterizing a period of extensive ecological divergence in Neotropical cichlids. We use ancestral sequence reconstruction and protein modelling to investigate mutations along this ancestral branch that probably modified SWS2a function. Together, our results suggest that variable light environments played a prominent early role in shaping SWS opsin diversity during the Neotropical cichlid radiation. Our results also illustrate that long‐term evolution under light‐limited conditions in South America may have reduced visual system plasticity; specifically, early losses of UV sensitivity may have constrained the evolutionary trajectory of Neotropical cichlid vision.
Major differences in the larval anatomy of the digestive and excretory systems of three Oestridae species revealed by micro‐CT
Authors: Martín‐Vega D. , Clark B. , Ferrer L. M. , López‐Tamayo S. , Panadero R. , Cepeda‐Palacios R. , Colwell D. D. , Hall M. J. R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractOestrid flies (Diptera: Oestridae) do not feed during the adult stage, so they depend on an efficient assimilation and storage of nutrients during their parasitic larval stage. We describe the general morphology and provide volumetric data for the digestive and excretory organs of the three larval instars of the nasal bot fly Oestrus ovis L., using micro‐computed tomography. The size of the digestive and excretory organs greatly increased across larval instars. In all instars, the two salivary glands were remarkably large and formed a ‘glandular band’ by coming together, but without lumina uniting, at their posterior ends. The distal region of the anterior Malpighian tubules was greatly enlarged and full of highly radio‐opaque concretions. Moreover, the anatomy of O. ovis third‐instar larva was compared to that of two species of, respectively, similar and different feeding habits: Cephenemyia stimulator (Clark) and Hypoderma actaeon Brauer. Whereas the general morphology and arrangement of the digestive and excretory systems of C. stimulator was similar to that of O. ovis, some differences were observed in H. actaeon: a swollen anterior region of the midgut, salivary glands shorter and not forming a ‘band’ and anterior Malpighian tubules narrowly uniform throughout their entire length.
COVID‐19–associated pulmonary aspergillosis: a prospective single‐center dual case series
Authors: Meijer Eelco F. J. , Dofferhoff Anton S. M. , Hoiting Oscar , Meis Jacques F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID‐19–associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has emerged as an invasive fungal disease, often affecting previously immunocompetent, mechanically ventilated, intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Incidence rates of 3.8%–33.3% have been reported depending on the geographic area, with high (47%) mortality.ObjectivesHere, we describe a single‐centre prospective case series with CAPA cases from both the first (March‐May, n = 5/33) and second (mid‐September through mid‐December, n = 8/33) COVID‐19 wave at a 500‐bed teaching hospital in the Netherlands.Patients/MethodsIn the first COVID‐19 wave, a total of 265 SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR‐positive patients were admitted to our hospital of whom 33 needed intubation and mechanical ventilation. In the second wave, 508 SARS‐CoV‐2 PCR‐positive patients were admitted of whom 33 needed mechanical ventilation. Data were prospectively collected.ResultsWe found a significant decrease in COVID‐19 patients needing mechanical ventilation in the ICU in the second wave (p < .01). From these patients, however, a higher percentage were diagnosed with CAPA (24.2% vs 15.2%), although not significant (p = .36). All CAPA patients encountered in the second wave received dexamethasone. Mortality between both groups was similarly high (40%–50%). Moreover, we found environmental TR34/L98H azole‐resistant Aspergillus fumigatus isolates in two separate patients.ConclusionsIn this series, 19.7% (n = 13/66) of mechanically ventilated SARS‐CoV‐2 patients were diagnosed with CAPA. In addition, we found a significant reduction in COVID‐19 patients needing mechanical ventilation on the ICU in the second wave. Numbers are too small to determine whether there is a true difference in CAPA incidence in mechanically ventilated patients between the two waves, and whether it could be attributed to dexamethasone SARS‐CoV‐2 therapy.
Linking plant hydraulics and the fast–slow continuum to understand resilience to drought in tropical ecosystems
Authors: Oliveira Rafael S. , Eller Cleiton B. , Barros Fernanda de V. , Hirota Marina , Brum Mauro , Bittencourt Paulo 
Published: February 2021

SummaryTropical ecosystems have the highest levels of biodiversity, cycle more water and absorb more carbon than any other terrestrial ecosystem on Earth. Consequently, these ecosystems are extremely important components of Earth’s climatic system and biogeochemical cycles. Plant hydraulics is an essential discipline to understand and predict the dynamics of tropical vegetation in scenarios of changing water availability. Using published plant hydraulic data we show that the trade‐off between drought avoidance (expressed as deep‐rooting, deciduousness and capacitance) and hydraulic safety (P50 – the water potential when plants lose 50% of their maximum hydraulic conductivity) is a major axis of physiological variation across tropical ecosystems. We also propose a novel and independent axis of hydraulic trait variation linking vulnerability to hydraulic failure (expressed as the hydraulic safety margin (HSM)) and growth, where inherent fast‐growing plants have lower HSM compared to slow‐growing plants. We surmise that soil nutrients are fundamental drivers of tropical community assembly determining the distribution and abundance of the slow‐safe/fast‐risky strategies. We conclude showing that including either the growth‐HSM or the resistance‐avoidance trade‐off in models can make simulated tropical rainforest communities substantially more vulnerable to drought than similar communities without the trade‐off. These results suggest that vegetation models need to represent hydraulic trade‐off axes to accurately project the functioning and distribution of tropical ecosystems.
Amino acid sensing pathway: A major check point in the pathogenesis of obesity and COVID‐19
Authors: Philips Aradhana Mariam , Khan Nooruddin 
Published: February 2021

SummaryObesity and obesogenic comorbidities have been associated with COVID‐19 susceptibility and mortality. However, the mechanism of such correlations requires an in‐depth understanding. Overnutrition/excess serum amino acid profile during obesity has been linked with inflammation and reprogramming of translational machinery through hyperactivation of amino acid sensor mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is exploited by SARS‐CoV‐2 for its replication. Conversely, we have shown that the activation of general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2)‐dependent amino acid starvation sensing pathway suppresses intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β). While activation of GCN2 has shown to mitigate susceptibility to dengue infection, GCN2 deficiency increases viremia and inflammation‐associated pathologies. These findings reveal that the amino acid sensing pathway plays a significant role in controlling inflammation and viral infections. The current fact is that obesity/excess amino acids/mTOR activation aggravates COVID‐19, and it might be possible that activation of amino acid starvation sensor GCN2 has an opposite effect. This article focuses on the amino acid sensing pathways through which host cells sense the availability of amino acids and reprogram the host translation machinery to mount an effective antiviral response. Besides, how SARS‐CoV‐2 hijack and exploit amino acid sensing pathway for its replication and pathogenesis is also discussed.
Genomic SSR and EST‐SSR markers for phylogenetic and pedigree reconstructions—A comparison in sea buckthorn
Authors: Wang Luo‐Yun , Li Shan‐Shan , Wang Tian‐Yi , He Cai‐Yun , Luo Hong‐Mei , Zhang Jian‐Guo , Zeng Yan‐Fei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSimple sequence repeat (SSR) markers play an important role in genetic and molecular breeding programs, especially for non‐model species. We identified SSRs from expressed sequence tags (EST‐SSRs) and whole genome sequences (gSSRs), by analysing the transcriptome and genome of the Mongolian sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. mongolica) cultivar ‘Sunny’. Using the same number of loci, EST‐SSRs showed higher transferability to Hippophae than gSSRs, and phylogenetic trees based on EST‐SSRs demonstrated higher resolution for classifying Hippophae species and subspecies into clades, possibly due to high conservatism and/or existence of adaptive divergence between species/subspecies in coding sequence regions. In contrast, parentage analyses showed that gSSRs were more effective at resolving parentage than EST‐SSRs due to higher level of polymorphism in gSSRs. The markers developed in this study can be used in the identification and pedigree reconstruction of species/subspecies of sea buckthorn, while their usage in clarifying phylogenetic relationship among species remains to be discussed. The comparison between EST‐SSRs and gSSRs would provide insight into the trade‐off between differentiation and polymorphism in marker selection for breeding programs.
Physoderma, not Olpidium, is the true cause of faba bean gall disease of Vicia faba in Ethiopia
Authors: You Ming Pei , Eshete Beyene Bitew , Kemal Seid Ahmed , van Leur Joop , Barbetti Martin J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractFaba bean gall (FBG) is a devastating disease of faba bean (Vicia faba) in Ethiopia. Studies were undertaken first to compare and contrast similarities between FBG disease symptoms and morphology in Ethiopia with those reported earlier in China and, secondly, to identify definitively the FBG causal agent, previously considered as Olpidium viciae, through molecular studies. Morphological studies confirmed an epibiotic phase of zoosporangia for dispersing zoospores, characteristic of Physoderma but not Olpidium, and did not show critical diagnostic characteristics of Olpidium such as presence of numerous short zoosporangial discharging tubes, or binucleate resting sporangia. Recognizing this epibiotic phase is a foundation for comprehending FBG epidemiology and will allow forecasting of zoospore release to highlight best timings for applications of chemical sprays to reduce reinfection cycles. Sequences of partial ITS1‐5.8S‐partial ITS2, the 18S‐ITS1‐5.8S‐ITS2‐part of 28S rRNA, and LSU (28S rRNA) derived from tissue with symptoms confirmed Physoderma, and not Olpidium, as the causal agent. Sample sequences were either close to Physoderma or the contaminant ascochyta pathogen Didymella. From symptom, morphological, and molecular data, the causal agent of FBG disease in Ethiopia is Physoderma. From observations of symptoms that Physoderma can cause, it was determined that this Physoderma crosses over between different legume host genera (e.g., Vicia, Pisum, Trifolium), highlighting the significant biosecurity risk for countries currently free of FBG.