bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional mediators of treatment resistance in lethal prostate cancer
Authors: He Meng Xiao , Cuoco Michael S. , Crowdis Jett , Bosma-Moody Alice , Zhang Zhenwei , Bi Kevin , Kanodia Abhay , Su Mei-Ju , Ku Sheng-Yu , Garcia Maria Mica , Sweet Amalia R. , Rodman Christopher , DelloStritto Laura , Silver Rebecca , Steinharter John , Shah Parin , Izar Benjamin , Walk Nathan C. , Burke Kelly P. , Bakouny Ziad , Tewari Alok K. , Liu David , Camp Sabrina Y. , Vokes Natalie I. , Salari Keyan , Park Jihye , Vigneau Sébastien , Fong Lawrence , Russo Joshua W. , Yuan Xin , Balk Steven P. , Beltran Himisha , Rozenblatt-Rosen Orit , Regev Aviv , Rotem Asaf , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Van Allen Eliezer M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is typically lethal, exhibiting intrinsic or acquired resistance to second-generation androgen-targeting therapies and minimal response to immune checkpoint inhibitors1. Cellular programs driving resistance in both cancer and immune cells remain poorly understood. We present single-cell transcriptomes from 14 patients with advanced prostate cancer, spanning all common metastatic sites. Irrespective of treatment exposure, adenocarcinoma cells pervasively coexpressed multiple androgen receptor isoforms, including truncated isoforms hypothesized to mediate resistance to androgen-targeting therapies2,3. Resistance to enzalutamide was associated with cancer cell–intrinsic epithelial–mesenchymal transition and transforming growth factor-β signaling. Small cell carcinoma cells exhibited divergent expression programs driven by transcriptional regulators promoting lineage plasticity and HOXB5, HOXB6 and NR1D2 (refs.4–6). Additionally, a subset of patients had high expression of dysfunction markers on cytotoxic CD8+T cells undergoing clonal expansion following enzalutamide treatment. Collectively, the transcriptional characterization of cancer and immune cells from human metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer provides a basis for the development of therapeutic approaches complementing androgen signaling inhibition.
Automation of surgical skill assessment using a three-stage machine learning algorithm
Authors: Lavanchy Joël L. , Zindel Joel , Kirtac Kadir , Twick Isabell , Hosgor Enes , Candinas Daniel , Beldi Guido 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSurgical skills are associated with clinical outcomes. To improve surgical skills and thereby reduce adverse outcomes, continuous surgical training and feedback is required. Currently, assessment of surgical skills is a manual and time-consuming process which is prone to subjective interpretation. This study aims to automate surgical skill assessment in laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos using machine learning algorithms. To address this, a three-stage machine learning method is proposed: first, a Convolutional Neural Network was trained to identify and localize surgical instruments. Second, motion features were extracted from the detected instrument localizations throughout time. Third, a linear regression model was trained based on the extracted motion features to predict surgical skills. This three-stage modeling approach achieved an accuracy of 87 ± 0.2% in distinguishing good versus poor surgical skill. While the technique cannot reliably quantify the degree of surgical skill yet it represents an important advance towards automation of surgical skill assessment.
Lymphödem, Inflammation und neue Therapieansätze
Authors: Miller Anya 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDer fehlende Abtransport eiweißreicher interstitieller Flüssigkeit führt zu den bekannten klinischen Zeichen der Lymphödems an der Haut, die im Wesentlichen durch eine Fibrosierung ausgelöst werden. Bisher basiert die Therapie auf der mechanischen Anregung des Lymphtransports durch die komplexe physikalische Entstauung (KPE) oder operativen Maßnahmen, um das Ödem zu reduzieren. Der komplexe Ablauf der Entzündungsvorgänge im Gewebe wurde in den vergangenen Jahren untersucht und zeigt die zentrale Bedeutung von T-Lymphozyten, Makrophagen, LTB4 und diversen Zytokinen. Ausgehend von diesen Erkenntnissen gibt es Erfolg versprechende Therapieansätze mit Ketoprofen, Hydroxytyrosol und weiteren Immunmodulatoren.
Interpolation sequences and nonspanning systems of exponentials on curves
Authors: Gaisin R. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Interpolation sequences of the form

are investigated, and also the problem of when the system of exponentials

is nonspanning on the family of arbitrary rectifiable curves in the uniform norm.
In terms of the interpolation nodes (or equivalently, the exponents of the system of exponentials) a criterion for the interpolation problem to be solvable is established and the strong nonspanning property of

is proved. This significantly improves some known results, in particular, results due to Korevaar, Dixon and Berndtsson.
Bibliography: 23 titles.
Sialoglycan recognition is a common connection linking acidosis, zinc, and HMGB1 in sepsis
Authors: Siddiqui Shoib S. , Dhar Chirag , Sundaramurthy Venkatasubramaniam , Sasmal Aniruddha , Yu Hai , Bandala-Sanchez Esther , Li Miaomiao , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Chen Xi , Harrison Leonard C. , Xu Ding , Varki Ajit 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Sepsis is a condition wherein a microbial infection leads to life-threatening systemic hyperactivation of innate immunity. Blood pH is normally maintained tightly between 7.35 and 7.45, and lactic acidosis with a pH <7.3 indicates a poor prognosis in sepsis, also associated with low zinc levels. Release of HMGB1 from activated and/or necrotic tissues plays a pivotal role in triggering the proinflammatory cascade of late sepsis. Using an in vitro whole-blood assay, we observed that HMGB1 cannot mediate proinflammatory activity at physiological pH and zinc concentrations. This is due to zinc-dependent association of HMGB1 with sialoglycoproteins, thereby preventing its binding with proinflammatory receptors. Thus, a drop in pH and zinc concentration in sepsis can release sequestered HMGB1 and trigger the inflammatory cascade.
Primary sex determination in birds depends on DMRT1 dosage, but gonadal sex does not determine adult secondary sex characteristics
Authors: Ioannidis Jason , Taylor Gunes , Zhao Debiao , Liu Long , Idoko-Akoh Alewo , Gong Daoqing , Lovell-Badge Robin , Guioli Silvana , McGrew Mike J. , Clinton Michael 
Published: March 2021

SignificanceHere, we show that DMRT1 dosage is the key sex determination factor in birds and is essential for testis development. Furthermore, we provide additional evidence that birds, in contrast to mammals, have acquired cell-autonomous sex identity (CASI) and that the sex hormone environment does not significantly influence avian secondary sexual characteristics. This finding highlights an evolutionary divide between mammals and nonmammalian vertebrates. In mammals, the sex chromosomes determine the type of gonad formed, and sex hormones largely define the secondary sexual phenotype. In birds, the sexual phenotype is directly determined by the sex chromosome content of individual cells in different tissues. Our findings help advance our understanding of the evolution of sex determination systems and the nature of sex identity.
Structural insights into membrane remodeling by SNX1
Authors: Zhang Yan , Pang Xiaoyun , Li Jian , Xu Jiashu , Hsu Victor W. , Sun Fei 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Coat proteins play a central role in the intracellular transport pathways by coupling two main functions: bending the membrane to generate transport carriers and binding to cargoes for their sorting into these carriers. Studies thus far have mostly solved the structure of coat proteins in solution, but their functional form requires assembly on the membrane into protein complexes. Here, we have pursued cryo-EM to reveal in molecular detail how SNX1 assembles on the membrane to deform the membrane. When compared to a previously solved retromer-SNX complex, our elucidation also suggests how retromer affects SNX in this complex as well as the intermediary stages of this coat assembly.
Integration and transfer learning of single-cell transcriptomes via cFIT
Authors: Peng Minshi , Li Yue , Wamsley Brie , Wei Yuting , Roeder Kathryn 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Overcorrection has been one of the main concerns in employing various data integration methods, which risk removing the biological distinction and are harmful for cell-type identification. Here, we present a simple yet surprisingly effective model named common factor integration and transfer learning for capturing various batch effects across experiments, technologies, subjects, and even species. The method generates robust results when batch effects are confounded with the variability of cell-type compositions and when the population exhibits continuous developing patterns. The successful integration and transfer uncover the transcriptional resemblance described by the proposed location-scale shift model across systems. In addition, the model enables transferring via low-rank matrix from more informative data to allow for precise identification in data of lower quality.
A formal restriction on gender resolution
Authors: Moradi Sedigheh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Resolved gender agreement occurs with
coordination structures where combinations of two distinct genders
are resolved into a different gender value. I have studied a
representative sample of languages to understand why only a few of
the logically conceivable patterns of agreement are attested.
Starting from an underlying hierarchy of gender, I have constructed
a pointwise algebra to represent various gender combinations. The
gender hierarchy is directly extracted from the organization of the
typological data. Combining abstract algebra and the mathematical
notion of monotonicity helps us understand the restricted set of
attested patterns to only allow monotonic mappings from the base
hierarchy to output forms.
Word formation in the brain
Authors: Semenza Carlo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Studies in aphasia provide important information
about how the brain may represent and process morphologically
complex words. The main morphological processes (inflection,
derivation and compounding) uncover a fine-grained brain
organization. The study of errors, in aphasic syndromes and other
disorders like unilateral spatial neglect, clearly determined by
failures in morphological processing, has made it possible to
clarify several different questions. Evidence was found for stems
and affixes to be separately represented. Moreover, evidence for
decomposition in processing has also been provided, favoring,
however, dual route hypotheses. Information about morphology, it was
shown, could persist in absence of the ability to retrieve full
phonological forms. Headedness was shown to have psychological
reality and neural underpinnings.
A short history of phonology in America
Authors: Anderson Stephen R. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Although awareness of a difference between the
study of the sound patterns of particular languages and the study of
the language-independent capacity of humans to produce and perceive
sound existed in European and American thought in the early years of
the twentieth century, a clear enunciation of the distinction
between phonology and phonetics is due to Otto Jespersen in 1924. As phonology became
established as a coherent object of inquiry, two themes can be
identified in theorizing about it: first, the question of whether
phonological structure is in the mind, as an aspect of human
cognition, or only a set of facts about the external data of
language; and second, the question of whether there are valid
universals of phonological structure. These issues are traced across
the past century in the work of American linguists. An additional
factor identifiable in historical shifts in theoretical perspective
is somewhat less principled: as discussion of fundamental issues
becomes more technical and relevant data harder to identify,
students and scholars looking for productive research topics tend to
abandon previous frameworks for others in a search for lower hanging
fruit without necessarily having resolved the earlier questions.
Realization Optimality Theory
Authors: Xu Zheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the framework of
Realization Optimality Theory, a constraint-based theory of
morphology. I provide an overview of its theoretical assumptions and
components such as realization constraints, markedness constraints,
morphotactic constraints, inputs, outputs, and the function
Gen. Previous accounts of several morphological
phenomena based on Realization Optimality Theory are introduced. I
also present some new thoughts on this framework with regard to
affix ordering, stem formation and stem selection in inflectional
morphology as well as Realization Optimality Theory approaches to
derivational morphology, compounding, and clitics.
Multipolar particles in helically symmetric spacetimes
Authors: Ramond Paul , Le Tiec Alexandre 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We consider a binary system of spinning compact objects with internal structure, moving along an exactly circular orbit, and modeled within the multipolar gravitational skeleton formalism, up to quadrupolar order. We prove that the worldline of each multipolar particle is an integral curve of the helical Killing vector field, and that the four-velocity, four-momentum, spin tensor and quadrupole tensor of each particle are Lie-dragged along those worldlines. The geometrical framework developed in this paper paves the way to an extension of the first law of compact-object binary mechanics up to quadrupolar order.
Imaging of buried obstacles in a two-layered medium with phaseless far-field data
Authors: Li Long , Yang Jiansheng , Zhang Bo , Zhang Haiwen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the inverse problem of reconstructing the location and shape of buried obstacles in the lower half-space of an unbounded two-layered medium in two dimensions from phaseless far-field data. Similarly to the homogenous background medium case, for this problem it is also true that the modulus of the far-field pattern is invariant under translations of the scattering obstacle if only one plane wave is used as the incident field, and thus it is impossible to determine the location of the obstacle from such phaseless far-field data. Based on the idea of using superpositions of two plane waves with different directions as the incident fields, a direct imaging algorithm is developed in this paper to locate the position of small anomalies with the intensity of the far-field pattern measured in the upper half-space. This is a nontrivial extension of our previous work (2018 Inverse Problems
34 104005) from the homogenous background medium case to the two-layered background medium case. Both the limited aperture measurement data and the presence of the two-layered background medium lead to difficulties in the theoretical analysis of the proposed imaging algorithm. To overcome the difficulties we employ the theory of oscillatory integrals. Further, with the aid of the imaging algorithm, a recursive Newton-type iteration algorithm in frequencies is proposed to reconstruct both the location and shape of extended obstacles. Finally, numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the feasibility of our algorithms.
Empirical relations for discharge current and momentum injection in dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators
Authors: Tang Anthony , Vaddi Ravi Sankar , Mamishev Alexander , Novosselov Igor V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma actuators with an asymmetric, straight edge electrode configuration generate a wall-bounded jet without moving parts. Mechanistic description of the interaction between the Coulombic forces and fluid motion as a function of DBD parameters remains unclear. This paper presents an experimental investigation of DBD actuators, including electrical current associated with microdischarges, plasma volume and the wall jet momentum over a range of alternating current (AC) frequencies (0.5–2 kHz) and peak-to-peak voltages up to 19.5 kV. Discharge current is measured with a high temporal resolution, plasma volume is characterized optically and the momentum induced by the DBD wall jet is computed based on the axial velocities measured downstream of the actuator using a custom-built pitot tube. Discharge current analysis demonstrated asymmetry between the positive and negative semi-cycle; both currents yielded a power–law relationship with empirical fitting coefficients. Plasma length varies linearly and volume quadratically with voltage. Although plasma length reached an asymptotic value at a higher frequency, the plasma volume grows due to the increasing height of the ionization region. In a simple two-dimensional configuration, the DBD wall jet momentum shows near-linear dependency with discharge current in the range of voltages and frequencies considered in this work. The presented empirical model characterizes the DBD wall jet momentum and the discharge current based only on the AC inputs. With the estimation of plasma volume, the model can be applied for determining more realistic boundary conditions in numerical simulations.
Metallic and porous Ti nanorod arrays for visible-IR light absorption and dendrite-free stable lithium-metal batteries
Authors: Bae Minjun , Tan Chin-An , Deng Da 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is still a challenging task to prepare highly porous nanorod arrays of metals formed on substrates for optical and energy storage applications. Herein, we demonstrate the design and synthesis of black color, metallic and highly porous Ti nanorod arrays as novel current collectors for dendrite-free and highly stable Li-metal anodes. The high porosity of metallic nanorod arrays provides numerous heterogeneous nucleation sites and huge contact area and large space for the accommodation of Li metal. The conductive metallic Ti nanorod arrays enhance electrode integration. Effectively, it eliminates formation Li dendrites and demonstrates superior cycling stability over 300 cycles. Additionally, the unique porous structures of the nanorod arrays can decrease the amplitude of forced vibration in narrow space leading to light absorption. Interestingly, the metal is black instead of metallic color. The black metallic nanorod arrays can absorb more than 96% of both visible and infra-red lights. This black color metallic porous nanorod arrays may find additional applications in aerospace, energy, biomedical, defence, and chemical industries.
Selective detection of preferential activity of Lanthanum ion at zinc oxide functionalized nanochannel
Authors: Khalid Waqas , Abbasi Muhammad Ali , Ali Mubarak , Ahmad Jalal , Ali Zulqurnain , Atif Muhammad , Ensinger Wolfgang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A significant increase of rare earth transition metals concentration in water reservoirs caused by the dumping of household materials and petrol-producing industries is a potential threat to human and aquatic life. Here, we demonstrate a model nanofluidic channel for the Lanthanum (La3+) ions recognition. To this end, a single conical nanochannel is first modified with poly allylamine hydrochloride followed by immobilization of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles on the channel surface through electrostatic adsorption. A significant change in the nanopore electrical readout is noticed when the functionalized nanochannel is exposed to an electrolyte solution having La3+ cations. The distinctive response by the nanofluidic system towards La3+ ions is assumed to be due to ionic radii, hexagonal crystal structure, and associated basal plane interaction between anchored ZnO nanoparticles and La3+ ions. We anticipate that this nanofluidic system can be used as a model to design highly sensitive metal ion detection devices.
Spatial distribution of plasma parameters by a dual thermal-electrostatic probe in RF and DC magnetron sputtering discharges during deposition of aluminum doped zinc oxide thin films
Authors: Petrea Mihai-Andrei , Stamate Eugen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aluminum doped zinc oxide thin films deposited by magnetron plasma sputtering are essential for various optoelectronic applications. So far, the oxygen negative ions and the atomic oxygen are regarded as responsible for the poor spatial uniformity of thin film resistivity. While various methods are available for thin film characterization, understanding the growth mechanism requires spatial-resolved measurements of plasma parameters. This work uses a dual thermal-electrostatic probe that is able to reveal the spatial distribution of plasma density, electron temperature and plasma potential. The results exhibit a parabolic profile for plasma density and flat profiles for electron temperature and plasma potential, with no correlation with the strong distribution of thin film resistivity that mirrors the erosion track on the target surface.
Experimental verification of deposition rate increase, with maintained high ionized flux fraction, by shortening the HiPIMS pulse
Authors: Shimizu T , Zanáška M , Villoan R P , Brenning N , Helmersson U , Lundin Daniel 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
High power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) is an ionized physical vapor deposition technique, providing a high flux of metal ions to the substrate. However, one of the disadvantages for industrial use of this technique is a reduced deposition rate compared to direct current magnetron sputtering (dcMS) at equal average power. This is mainly due to a high target back-attraction probability of the metal ions with typical values in the range 70%–90% during the pulse. In order to reduce this effect, we focused on the contribution of ion fluxes available immediately after each HiPIMS pulse; a time also known as afterglow. Without a negative potential on the target at this stage of the HiPIMS process, the back-attracting electric field disappears allowing remaining ions to escape the magnetic trap and travel toward the substrate. To quantify the proposed mechanism, we studied the effect of HiPIMS pulse duration on the outward flux of film-forming species in titanium discharges, which are known to exhibit more than 50% reduction in deposition rate compared to dcMS. By shortening the HiPIMS pulse length, it was found that the contribution to the outward flux of film-forming species from the afterglow increases significantly. For example, HiPIMS discharges at a constant peak current density of about 1.10 A cm−2 showed a 45% increase of the deposition rate, by shortening the pulse duration from 200 to 50 μs. Ionized flux fraction measurements, using a gridless quartz crystal micro-balance-based ion meter, showed that this increase of the deposition rate could be achieved without compromising the ionized flux fraction, which remained approximately constant. The key to the achieved optimization of HiPIMS discharges lies in maintaining a high peak discharge current also for short pulse lengths to ensure sufficient ionization of the sputtered species.
Controllable temporal spin splitter via δ-doping in parallel double δ-magnetic-barrier nanostructure
Authors: Guo Qing-Meng , Chen Sai-Yan , Cao Xue-Li , Yang Shuai-Quan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We theoretically investigate the control of spin-polarized dwell time by δ-doping in a parallel double δ-magnetic-barrier nanostructure, which can be realized experimentally by depositing two asymmetric ferromagnetic stripes at the top and bottom of an InAs/Al
x
In1−x
As heterostructure, respectively. Dwell time is still spin-polarized even if a δ-doping is included inside. Both the magnitude and the sign of the spin-polarized dwell time can be manipulated by changing the weight or position of δ-doping. Therefore, this nanostructure can be employed as a structurally controllable temporal spin splitter for spintronic device applications.