bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PTEN Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Require ATM to Suppress Pro-Apoptotic Signalling and Evade Radiotherapy
Authors: Fischer Thomas , Hartmann Oliver , Reissland Michaela , Prieto-Garcia Cristian , Klann Kevin , Schulein-Volk Christina , Baluapuri Apoorva , Polat Buelent , Gerhard-Hartmann Elena , Rosenfeldt Mathias , Muench Christian , Flentje Michael , Diefenbacher Markus Elmar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundDespite advances in treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, carriers of certain genetic alterations are prone to failure. One such factor frequently mutated, is the tumor suppressor PTEN. These tumors are supposed to be more resistant to radiation, chemo- and immunotherapy.ResultsWe demonstrate that loss of PTEN led to altered expression of transcriptional programs which directly regulate therapy resistance, resulting in establishment of radiation resistance. While PTEN-deficient tumor cells were not dependent on DNA‑PK for IR resistance nor activated ATR during IR, they showed a significant dependence for the DNA damage kinase ATM. Pharmacologic inhibition of ATM, via KU-60019 and AZD1390 at non-toxic doses, restored and even synergized with IR in PTEN-deficient human and murine NSCLC cells as well in a multicellular organotypic ex vivo tumor model.ConclusionPTEN tumors are addicted to ATM to detect and repair radiation induced DNA damage. This creates an exploitable bottleneck. At least in cellulo and ex vivo we show that low concentration of ATM inhibitor is able to synergise with IR to treat PTEN-deficient tumors in genetically well-defined IR resistant lung cancer models.
A Novel Swarm Urochordate Algorithm for Defensive Resource Assignment Problems
Authors: Yadav Kusum , Dhiman Gaurav 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The weapon target assignment (WTA) problem is an important task to tactical arrangements in military commitment operations. It describes the optimal method to allocate defenses in opposition to threats in fighting situations. It is an NP-complete issue in which no accurate outcome for all conceivable situations is known. The time performance of created algorithms is a major challenge in modeling the WTA problem, which has only been lately considered in related papers. This article introduces a new algorithm called Swarm Urochordate Algorithm (SUA) which is inspired nature by tunicates to solve the WTA problem. The suggested method is compared to nine metaheuristic approaches recently established for 30 well-known testing benchmarks. Convergence and computer complexity are also examined. The experimental findings show that the method presented works better than previous competing metaheuristic approaches.
CD36 regulates β cell differentiation and influences type 2 diabetic sepsis
Authors: Liu Huogen , Gu Ling , Shi Yundi , Shu Hailin , Huang Fengming , Wan Xin , Liu Ying , Lei Zuchen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic function of CD36 in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) sepsis complications (T2DSC) and its effect on β-cell differentiation.
Methods

First, Age - and sex-matched T2DM patients, T2DSC patients and healthy people (50 cases each) were included. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure CD36, FOXO1, PDX1, MAFA, insulin, SOX9, Neurog3 and NANOG expression in blood samples. Second, cultured human β-cell line EndoC-βH1 and the interference and overexpression of CD36. Cell clone, apoptosis, inflammatory cytokine, oxidative stress and β-cell differentiation related proteins were also analysed. Third, examined the role of CD36 in high glucose, LPS-induced β-cell.
Results

CD36 mRNA, and endocrine progenitor β-cell biomarkers SOX9, Neurog3 and NANOG were significantly increased in T2DM than control group, whereas the β-cell maturation biomarkers FOXO1, PDX1, MAFA and insulin were significantly decreased. Compared with the T2DM group, CD36 and FOXO1 were significantly increased in T2DSC, but PDX1, insulin, MAFA, SOX9, Neurog3 and NANOG were significantly decreased. The receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that CD36 was useful for distinguishing T2MD and T2DSC from the control group. Furthermore, CD36 overexpression increased β-cell apoptosis and the secretion of IL-1β, IL-8 TNF-α, malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species. CD36 induced cell defferentiation. Lastly, CD36 knockdown could inhibit the high glucose and LPS-induced cell apoptosis, inflammatory, oxidative stress and cell defferentiation.
Conclusion

Significant increase in CD36 can be used as a biomarker for T2MD and T2DSC. CD36 promotes T2MD or T2DSC development by inducing β-cell inflammatory and oxidative stress and defferentiation.
True Mycotic Aneurysms: A Report of Three Patients with Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm and Mucormycosis, and Literature Review
Authors: Rostamihosseinkhani Mahtab , Hooshmandi Etrat , Janipour Masoud , Fadakar Nima , Ostovan Vahid Reza , Bazrafshan Hanieh , Bahrami Zahra , Izadi Sadegh , Rahimi-Jaberi Abbas , Poursadeghfard Maryam , Nazeri Masoumeh , Petramfar Peyman , Shafaei Razieh , KianiAra Fatemeh , Basir Marzieh , Estakhr Mehrdad , Ghotbi Zahra , Khademi Behzad , Kohandel-Shirazi Mahsa , Salehi Mohammad Saied , Kouhi Pariya , Safari Anahid , Rudgari Amir , Ashjazadeh Nahid , Khademi Bijan , Ashraf Mohammad Javad , Eilami Owrang , Moghaddami Mohsen , Zomorodian Kamiar , Esperson Carlos Garcia , Spratt Neil , Levi Christopher , Borhani-Haghighi Afshin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Aneurysm formation of internal carotid arteries (ICA) in patients with mucormycosis is a scarce phenomenon. However, the prevalence of rhino-cerebral mucormycosis has been reported to increase after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Methods

Three patients with stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage due to ICA aneurysm after the involvement of adjacent paranasal sinuses with mucormycosis were presented. All patients were recruited from Namazi and Khalili hospitals affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Iran from April 2021 to May 2021.
Results

They had a history of diabetes and corticosteroid use. Also, one of them was treated with imatinib. Two out of three patients were infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection before developing mucormycosis. Two patients had diagnostic angiography before endovascular intervention. One patient did not undergo any therapeutic intervention due to total artery occlusion, whereas the other patient experienced a successful parent artery occlusion by coiling, and only this patient survived. Although all patients received antifungal treatment and surgical debridement, two of them died.
Conclusions

In the patients with rhino-cerebral mucormycosis evolving of aneurysm should be promptly and meticulously investigated by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and computed tomography angiography (CTA). As this type of aneurysms was very fast-growing, as soon as the involvement of sphenoid sinus was detected, the possibility of ICA aneurysm formation should always be kept in mind. If the patient developed an aneurysm, prompt intensive antifungal therapy and therapeutic endovascular interventions such as stenting, coiling, or sacrificing should be considered as soon as possible to optimize outcomes.
Changes in oral microbiota after the initiation of chemotherapy in patients with hematopoietic tumors
Authors: Omori Michi , Nahoko Kato-kogoe , Sakaguchi Shoichi , Komori Eri , Inoue Kazuya , Yamamoto Kayoko , Ochi Ayako , Hayase Tomoyoshi , Tano Tomoyuki , Nakamura Shota , Nakano Takashi , Une Hidenori , Ueno Takaaki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Recently, the gut microbiota has been shown to play an important role in the response and resistance to chemotherapy. Although there is much knowledge about chemotherapy-induced changes in the gut microbiota, chemotherapy-associated changes in the oral microbiota remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the changes in oral microbiota associated with the initiation of chemotherapy in patients with malignant hematopoietic tumors.
Methods
Oral samples were collected before and 8–20 days after the start of chemotherapy from 50 patients with malignant hematopoietic tumors who were starting chemotherapy for the first time. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of bacterial DNA extracted from oral samples was performed to compare the oral microbiota before and after the initiation of chemotherapy.
Results
The richness or evenness of diversity in the ‘after start of chemotherapy’ group decreased significantly, compared with the ‘before start of chemotherapy’ group (alpha-diversity; observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) index, p < 0.001; and Shannon’s index, p < 0.001). The overall salivary microbiota structure between the pre- and post-chemotherapy groups differed significantly (beta-diversity; unweighted UniFrac distances, p = 0.001; and weighted UniFrac distances, p = 0.003). Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis demonstrated an increased abundance of species of certain genera, such as Staphylococcus, and decreased abundance of species of some genera, such as Streptococcus and Neisseria, in the ‘after-chemotherapy’ group, compared with those in the ‘before-chemotherapy’ group. The amounts and trends of change in the oral microbiota before and after the start of chemotherapy differed among the subjects. Of the 25 bacterial genera whose prevalence changed significantly before and after the start of chemotherapy, the proportion of oral commensals such as Streptococcus and Neisseria decreased in many subjects. In contrast, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were detected only in a few subjects, but their relative abundance increased significantly after the start of chemotherapy.
Conclusions
The oral microbiota of patients with hematopoietic tumors changed markedly after the initiation of chemotherapy. Our findings are expected to aid the elucidation of the pathogenesis of oral mucositis, which is an adverse event of chemotherapy, and the development of treatment methods for this condition.
Effects of Working Memory Load on Frontal Connectivity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: an fNIRS study
Authors: Han Yvonne M.Y. , Chan Ming-Chung , Chan Melody M.Y. , Chan Agnes S , Yeung Michael K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
BackgroundIndividuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) perform poorly in working memory (WM) tasks, with some literature suggesting that their impaired performance is modulated by WM load. While some neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies have reported altered functional connectivity during WM processing in these individuals, it remains largely unclear whether such alterations are moderated by WM load. The present study aimed to examine the effect of WM load on functional connectivity within the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in ASD using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).MethodTwenty-two children with high-functioning ASD aged 8–12 years and 24 age-, intelligent quotient (IQ)-, sex- and handedness-matched typically developing (TD) children performed a number n-back task with three WM loads (0-back, 1-back, and 2-back). Hemodynamic changes in the bilateral lateral and medial PFC during task performance were monitored using a multichannel NIRS device.ResultsChildren with ASD demonstrated slower reaction times, specifically during the “low load” condition, than TD children. In addition, the ASD and TD groups exhibited differential load-dependent functional connectivity changes in the lateral and medial PFC of the right but not the left hemisphere.ConclusionThese findings indicate that WM impairment in high-functioning ASD is paralleled by load-dependent alterations in right, but not left, intrahemispheric connectivity during WM processing in children with ASD. A disruption of functional neural connections that support different cognitive processes may underlie poor performance in WM tasks in ASD.
Bokashi leachate as a biopriming on Basella rubra L. seed germination and root development
Authors: Lin Phooi Chooi , Azman Elisa Azura , Ismail Roslan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Basella rubra L. is a type of spinach, which is edible with high nutrient composition. It is also known to be an antioxidant. However, initial germination and root growth remain an issue due to hard exterior seed coating. Thus, some may germinate within 10 to 21 days, and some may not work at all. Inhibited growth may lead to vegetative propagation and micropropagation, which fundamentally reduce the growth and yield. Basella seed treated with Bokashi leachate was found to improve seed germination and root growth. A study was conducted using food waste EM Bokashi leachate (0:1, 1:1500, 1:1000, 1:500) with biopriming duration (6 and 12 hours). The experiment was conducted in a completely random design (CRD) with 3 replications of 100 seeds, with 24 experimental units. Based on the results, a short biopriming duration (6 hours) significantly enhanced the mean germination rate, germination speed accumulated, and coefficient of germination velocity. However, germination percentage had no significant improvement by leachate. Long priming duration significantly reduced the root development due to the seed may loss of desiccation tolerance. The concentration of leachate and priming duration had no significant interaction. In order to improve the germination and root growth performance, 6 hours of seeds priming duration or 1:500 (0.2%) of food waste Bokashi leachate was recommended to soak the Basella rubra seeds.
Systemic COVID-19 vaccination also enhances the humoral immune response after SARS CoV-2 infection. An approach to criteria for COVID-19 re-immunization is needed. Do we need a third dose?
Authors: Kosiorek Piotr , Kazberuk Dorota , Hryniewicz Anna , Milewski Robert , Stróż Samuel , Stasiak-Barmuta Anna 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Systemic vaccination of the BNT162b2 mRNA stimulates humoral response. The aim of our study was to compare the intensity of humoral immune response, measured by SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralization S-RBD IgG antibodies level, post COVID-19 vaccination versus post SARS COV-2 infection. We analysed 1060 people in the following groups: convalescents, healthy vaccinated, vaccinated with COMIRNATY, AstraZeneka, Moderna, Johnson&Johnson and vaccinated SARS CoV-2 convalescents. A concentration of SARS CoV-2 IgG, SARS CoV-2 IgM, and neutralizing S-RBD IgG was estimated in Bialystok Oncology Center laboratory by chemiluminescent immunoassay- CLIA, MAGLUMI. Results: 1. We observed a raise of antibodies response in both, convalescent SARS CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccinated groups 2. The level of all antibodies’ concentrations in vaccinated COVID-19 convalescents was significantly higher. 3. We differentiated an asymptomatic SARS CoV-2 convalescents from control group. Based on our analysis we suggest that it is important to monitor SARS CoV-2 antibodies concentrations as an indicator of asymptomatic COVID-19 infection, and as an equivalent of effectiveness of humoral response in convalescents and vaccinated people. Taking into consideration the time-limited nature of the effects of post infection SARS CoV-2 recovery or vaccination, among others physiological half-life, we suggested monitoring IgG antibodies level as a criterium for next vaccination.
DBX2 Promotes Glioblastoma Cell Proliferation by Regulating REST
Expression
Authors: He Ruixing , Zhang Xiaotian , Ding Lianshu 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common but lethal brain cancer with poor prognosis. The developing brain homeobox 2 (DBX2) has been reported to play important roles in tumor growth. However, the mechanisms of DBX2 in GBM are still unknown.

Objective:
This study aims to investigate the function and mechanisms of DBX2 in GBM.

Methods:
The expressions of DBX2 and REST in GBM were measured by analyzing data from databases, and the results were checked by qPCR and/or western blot of GBM cell lines. Cell proliferation was determined by CCK8 assay, immunohistochemistry and colony formation assay. ChIP-qPCR was used to determine the binding sites of DBX2 on REST.

Results:
In this study, we found that the expression of DBX2 was upregulated in the GBM cell lines. The cell proliferation was damaged after blocking DBX2 expression in U87 and U251 GBM cell lines. The expression level of DBX2 had a positive relationship with that of REST. Our ChIP-qPCR results showed that DBX2 is directly bound to the promoter region of REST. Additionally, the increased GBM cell proliferation caused by DBX2 overexpression can be rescued by REST loss of function.

Conclusion:
DBX2 could promote cell proliferation of GBM by binding to the promoter region of REST gene and increasing REST expression.
Automatic ICD-10 Coding and Training System: Deep Neural Network Based on Supervised Learning
Authors: Chen Pei-Fu , Wang Ssu-Ming , Liao Wei-Chih , Kuo Lu-Cheng , Chen Kuan-Chih , Lin Yu-Cheng , Yang Chi-Yu , Chiu Chi-Hao , Chang Shu-Chih , Lai Feipei 
Published: August 2021

Background
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code is widely used as the reference in medical system and billing purposes. However, classifying diseases into ICD codes still mainly relies on humans reading a large amount of written material as the basis for coding. Coding is both laborious and time-consuming. Since the conversion of ICD-9 to ICD-10, the coding task became much more complicated, and deep learning– and natural language processing–related approaches have been studied to assist disease coders.

Objective
This paper aims at constructing a deep learning model for ICD-10 coding, where the model is meant to automatically determine the corresponding diagnosis and procedure codes based solely on free-text medical notes to improve accuracy and reduce human effort.

Methods
We used diagnosis records of the National Taiwan University Hospital as resources and apply natural language processing techniques, including global vectors, word to vectors, embeddings from language models, bidirectional encoder representations from transformers, and single head attention recurrent neural network, on the deep neural network architecture to implement ICD-10 auto-coding. Besides, we introduced the attention mechanism into the classification model to extract the keywords from diagnoses and visualize the coding reference for training freshmen in ICD-10. Sixty discharge notes were randomly selected to examine the change in the F1-score and the coding time by coders before and after using our model.

Results
In experiments on the medical data set of National Taiwan University Hospital, our prediction results revealed F1-scores of 0.715 and 0.618 for the ICD-10 Clinical Modification code and Procedure Coding System code, respectively, with a bidirectional encoder representations from transformers embedding approach in the Gated Recurrent Unit classification model. The well-trained models were applied on the ICD-10 web service for coding and training to ICD-10 users. With this service, coders can code with the F1-score significantly increased from a median of 0.832 to 0.922 (P<.05), but not in a reduced interval.

Conclusions
The proposed model significantly improved the F1-score but did not decrease the time consumed in coding by disease coders.
Perceptions of Older Men Using a Mobile Health App to Monitor Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Tamsulosin Side Effects: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Wang Elizabeth Y , Breyer Benjamin N , Lee Austin W , Rios Natalie , Oni-Orisan Akinyemi , Steinman Michael A , Sim Ida , Kenfield Stacey A , Bauer Scott R 
Published: August 2021

Background
Mobile health (mHealth) apps may provide an efficient way for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) to log and communicate symptoms and medication side effects with their clinicians.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of older men with LUTS after using an mHealth app to track their symptoms and tamsulosin side effects.

Methods
Structured phone interviews were conducted after a 2-week study piloting the daily use of a mobile app to track the severity of patient-selected LUTS and tamsulosin side effects. Quantitative and qualitative data were considered.

Results
All 19 (100%) pilot study participants completed the poststudy interviews. Most of the men (n=13, 68%) reported that the daily questionnaires were the right length, with 32% (n=6) reporting that the questionnaires were too short. Men with more severe symptoms were less likely to report changes in perception of health or changes in self-management; 47% (n=9) of the men reported improved awareness of symptoms and 5% (n=1) adjusted fluid intake based on the questionnaire. All of the men were willing to share app data with their clinicians. Thematic analysis of qualitative data yielded eight themes: (1) orientation (setting up app, format, symptom selection, and side-effect selection), (2) triggers (routine or habit and symptom timing), (3) daily questionnaire (reporting symptoms, reporting side effects, and tailoring), (4) technology literacy, (5) perceptions (awareness, causation or relevance, data quality, convenience, usefulness, and other apps), (6) self-management, (7) clinician engagement (communication and efficiency), and (8) improvement (reference materials, flexibility, language, management recommendations, and optimize clinician engagement).

Conclusions
We assessed the perceptions of men using an mHealth app to monitor and improve management of LUTS and medication side effects. LUTS management may be further optimized by tailoring the mobile app experience to meet patients’ individual needs, such as tracking a greater number of symptoms and integrating the app with clinicians’ visits. mHealth apps are likely a scalable modality to monitor symptoms and improve care of older men with LUTS. Further study is required to determine the best ways to tailor the mobile app and to communicate data to clinicians or incorporate data into the electronical medical record meaningfully.
O estado da arte do trabalho de campo no ensino de geografia e educação ambiental
Authors: Andrade de Jesus Lelis Diego , Saheb Pedroso Daniele , Gureski Rodrigues Daniela 
Published: August 2021

RESUMO
Este artigo tem como objeto de estudo a prática do trabalho de campo no ensino de Geografia e Educação Ambiental nos anos finais do ensino fundamental. Para o seu desenvolvimento, amparou-se em uma pesquisa do tipo estado da arte, com o objetivo de mapear estudos que abordam a prática do trabalho de campo em Geografia e EA nos anos finais do ensino fundamental, a partir da produção brasileira extraída da Biblioteca Brasileira Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), desde o primeiro documento disponível na BDTD (1967) até 2019. Os principais resultados apontam a concentração das produções na Região Sudeste do país, bem como a distribuição temporal concentrada na última década. Evidencia-se que a prática do trabalho de campo aparece como metodologia favorável ao desenvolvimento de atividades que transformam o cotidiano escolar e possibilitam a vinculação entre teoria e prática. De igual maneira, destaca-se a possibilidade depromoção da Educação Ambiental nas aulas de Geografia e a inserção das novas tecnologias no ensino e aprendizagem.
Palavras-chave: Trabalho de campo. Geografia. Educação ambiental. Estado da arte.