bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Berbagai Jenis Pupuk Kandang Dan Frekuensi Penyiangan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Selada Keriting (Lactuca sativaL.)
Authors: Sani Oryza Affandina , Nafi’ah Hanny Hidayati , Satia Novriza 
Published: September 2021

Manure is a fertilizer that is widely used in organic agriculture. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a best combination of manure used and weeding frequency on plant growth and yields. The research was done in Cimaragas, CilawuDistrict, GarutRegency from August to September 2020. The research used an experimental method with factorial randomized block design (FRBD) consisted of 2treatment factors with 3replications, namely: First treatment (Types of Manure) consisted of goat manure (k1),cow manure (k2),chicken manure (k3),and NPK fertilizer (k0)as control. Second treatment (Weeding frequency) consisted of without weeding (p0),2times of weeding (p1),and4times of weeding (p2).The results showed that there was an interaction on the observation parameters of dry weight and leaf area of the plant. The combination that gives the best influence was cow manure with 2times of weeding.Keyword: lettuce, manure, weeding
Diagnostics and treatment
of hemodynamic disorders
in cancer patients:
current trends and own experience
Authors: Arynov A. A. , Shapatova N. Z. , Smagina I. M. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Hemodynamic disorders occupy a central
position among pathological syndromes in patients receiving intensive care. Still, their diagnostics and treatment are
sometimes delayed, and hemodynamic parameters and
types of blood circulation are misinterpreted. This adds to
the severity of such disorders and increases mortality.
The purpose of the study was to analyze the diagnostics and treatment of hemodynamic disorders in cancer
patients.
Results: The applied methods of clinical diagnostics
and non-invasive monitoring of hemodynamic parameters
correlated well with invasive monitoring methods and have
proven useful in the everyday practice of intensive care.
Conclusion: A combination of methods of clinical diagnosis of hemodynamic disorders and with modern non-invasive methods of measuring central hemodynamics parameters allows for earlier and more accurate diagnostics
and correction of hemodynamic disorders in the perioperative period in cancer patients.
Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma /
atypical smooth muscle sarcoma
Authors: Satbayeva E. B. , Muchametgaliev N. A. , Iskakova E. E. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma is a rare primary
dermal neoplasm, accounting for up to 2-3% of all superficial
sarcomas. It can occur at any age, most likely between the ages
of 50 and 70 years. This tumor has a high recurrence potential
in case of insufficiently deep excision. Recurrent tumors are
more aggressive and characterized by subsequent metastasis.
The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the results
of the histopathological examination of a cutaneous leiomyosarcoma / atypical smooth muscle tumor.
Results: Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma was represented by
spindle-shaped cells with high cellularity located in bundles
and growing expansively, surrounded by a capsule. The nuclei
of the cells were elongated, hyperchromic. Cells with atypical
abnormal nuclei were present in smaller quantities. The mitoses, including atypical, were numerous. IHC staining for SMA,
Desmin, H-Caldesmon – diffusely positive on tumor cells. The
reaction for S100, Myogenin – negative.
Conclusion: A cutaneous leiomyosarcoma can be finally
diagnosed only after a pathomorphological examination of
the specimen and differential diagnostics using additional research methods.
Immediate results
of electrochemotherapy for malignant
tumors of the skin and soft tissues,
cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases
of melanoma
Authors: Tuleuova D. A. , Serikbaev G. A. , Kurmanaliev A. K. , Pysanova J. U. , Najibulo Sh. P. , Voskanyan E. A. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Surgical removal of locally advanced forms of
skin cancer and multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases of melanoma does not always provide satisfactory aesthetic,
functional, and long-term results. The treatment outcomes depend on the size, shape, location, and some other characteristics
of the tumor. The relapse rate after surgical removal of locally
advanced skin cancer is 12.5-34%, and the long-term survival of
patients with cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases of melanoma does not exceed 30%. Cutaneous and subcutaneous metastases of melanoma and some superficial tumors are usually
initially inoperable. Their complications such as bleeding, infection, pain, and pitting cause serious clinical problems and often
require local therapy even at the 4th stage of the disease.
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is one of the modern treatment
methods for skin cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, and metastatic melanoma. ECT is a treatment of choice in the presence of
contraindications to surgical and radiation therapy. ECT combines the physical properties of current-induced electroporation with the chemical properties of chemotherapeutic drugs.
In this method, an electric current affecting the tissue causes
a temporary increase in cell membrane permeability, thereby
providing free access to the cell of large molecules, including
cytostatics, which are not initially transferred to the cytosol.
This significantly increases the potential toxicity of cytostatics.
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the immediate results of ECT in patients with malignant tumors of the
skin, soft tissue, cutaneous, and subcutaneous melanoma metastases.
Results: Since 2017, 27 patients were treated by ECT at
the Centre for bone and soft tissue tumors and melanomas
of Kazakh Institute of Oncology and Radiology (Almaty, Kazakhstan). After two months, 67% of patients had a complete
response (CR), 26% – a partial response (PR), and 7% had progression of the tumor. Side effects included local edema (n=13,
40%) which independently disappeared within several days
to 2 weeks, local pains (12%) which disappeared within six
months after treatment in 3% and within a month in 11% of
patients, and hyperthermia in the early postoperative period in
6% of patients which was stopped within 10-15 min after the
procedure
The use of in vivo dosimetry within the combined
treatment of uterine corpus cancer
Authors: SUKHINA O. M. , SUKHIN V. S. , RADZISHEVSKA Y. B. , SІMBІROVA A. S. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Radiotherapy is the standard post-surgery treatment in patients with uterine corpus cancer. However, radiotherapy affects 90.0–100.0% of the volume of risk organs. Information on the actual dose delivered to critical structures is
needed to ensure the quality of radiotherapy.
The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the type of ionizing radiation on the dose load on the rectal
mucosa using in vivo dosimetry.
Results: At the first and tenth sessions of treatment using a cobalt apparatus, the in vivo dosimetry showed that the minimum value of the dose received during the tenth cycle was higher by 0.1 Gy. That is, the deviations from the planned dose were
less at the same maximum values. Both the average value and the median during the tenth cycle were also moderately higher.
The relative difference between the dose planned and received during the tenth cycle was higher than during the first cycle by
an average of 1.12575%, with a median of 0.82214. When conducting radiotherapy using a linear accelerator, the average and
median values were higher in the second measurement despite almost identical minimum and maximum values. The relative
difference between the planned and received doses during the tenth cycle was higher than during the first cycle by an average
of 0.55619%, with a median of 0.42948.
Conclusion: The conducted study showed an intro- and interindividual variability of in vivo dosimetry results during radiotherapy of genital cancer patients. In vivo dosimetric control showed that the relative difference between the doses calculated
and received by the rectal mucosa upon reaching of 20.0 Gy dose in comparison to the first irradiation cycle was twice higher
on the ROCUS-AM cobalt apparatus vs. the Clinac 600 C linear accelerator.
The data obtained during the investigation indicates the need to develop innovative approaches to topometric preparation
of genital cancer patients and to continue their dosimetric monitoring to establish the causes of discrepancies in the results.
On the history of the study of malignant tumors
and the organization of the cancer service
in Kazakhstan
Authors: DYNYAK А. К. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Ivan Petrovich Pavlov once said, «Never grasp the next without mastering the previous.» Current scientific studies on cancer, and not only cancer, make little use of the historical method. However, the analysis of an issue in the dynamics
of historical development contributes to better understanding and making sound decisions. The materials on morbidity, mortality, the history of cancer research, and the development of the cancer service in Kazakhstan contribute to the formation of
historical thinking and erudition.
The purpose of the study was to analyze the cancer incidence in Kazakhstan based on the materials of scientific works of
N.F. Kramchaninov of 1960-1970s and to uncover the directions and results relevant today.
Results: Kazakhstani scientists have actively and fruitfully participated in the study of cancer epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, and prevention. Cancer diseases have been reported starting from the XIX century, with a constant growth trend. The
role of UV rays in skin cancer etiology was studied for a long time and in detail; specific preventive measures were proposed.
Conclusion: The results obtained by researchers of past years deserve a thorough analysis, use in current conditions, and
further research.
Changes in the assessments of cancer service
indicators in cervical cancer in Kazakhstan
Authors: IGISSINOV N. S. , TELMANOVA Zh. B. , IGISSINOVA G. S. , BILYALOVA Z. A. , KULMIRZAYEVA D. M. 
Published: September 2021

About 800 thousand new cases of cervical cancer (CC) are predicted, and it is expected that about 460 thousand women will
die from this pathology, according to the forecasts of the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 2040. To this aim, an
analysis studying the indicators of the cancer service for CC also allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of anti-cancer measures
in the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Aim: Evaluate some indicators of the cancer service at CC in Kazakhstan for 2009-2018.
Materials and methods. The research material was data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan – annual
form No.7 and 35 regarding CC (ICD10–C53) for 2009-2018 – incidence, mortality, early diagnosis, neglect, morphological verification. A retrospective study using descriptive and analytical methods of biomedical statistics was used as the main method.
Results and discussion. For 2009-2018, 16,441 new cases of CC were registered in the Republic for the first time, and
6,461 women died from this disease. The crude CC incidence rate increased from 16.3±0.4‰ (2009) to 19.5±0.5‰ in 2018
(p=0.000). In dynamics, mortality rates from CC tended to decrease from 8.4±0.3‰ (2009) to 6.4±0.3‰ in 2018 (р=0.000).
The research of the study period reveals a trend: early diagnosis indicators (specific weight of patients with I-II stage) improved
from 79.8% (2009) to 88.1% in 2018, and accordingly the specific weight of neglected patients significantly decreased with
stage III (from 15.4% to 8.9%) and with stage IV (from 3.4% to 2.7%). The morphological verification indicators for CC remained
virtually unchanged, remaining fairly high 99.2% and 99.3%, respectively, in 2009 and 2018.
Conclusion. An analysis of the indicators of the cancer service in CC revealed an improvement in morphological verification
and early diagnosis, a decrease in neglect and mortality rates, which is undoubtedly associated with regular anti-cancer activities in Kazakhstan, in particular CC screening.
Gender-related trends
in key epidemiological indicators of lung cancer
in the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2014-2018
Authors: MAKAROV V. , KAIDAROVA D. , YESSENTAYEVA S. , KALMATAYEVA ZH. , KADYRBAYEVA R. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Over the past decades, lung cancer (LC) incidence worldwide is adding about 1.5% each year. The risk of LC
development increases 4-5 times with age. The mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) in LC is the most unfavorable – up to 95.6%
of patients die.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological situation with lung cancer in the Republic of Kazakhstan
over the past five years, with the assessment of key epidemiological indicators by gender.
Results: In the previous five years (2014-2018), the men to women ratio among LC patients was equal to 4.2:1 and remained
stable. A gradual decline in mortality (16‰ in 2014 to 12.9‰ in 2018) correlated with the MIR dynamic pattern (67.5% in
2014 to 60.0% in 2018). The standardized LC incidence in men was declining steadily (46.8‰ in 2014 to 43.0‰ in 2018). A
more evident decrease in male mortality from LC (32.0‰ in 2014 to 24.2‰ in 2018) was due to the progress recently achieved
in LC diagnostics and treatment in the Republic of Kazakhstan. On the contrary, the LC incidence in women increased by 2.6% a
year (7.6‰ in 2014 to 7.8‰ in 2018). The female mortality from LC was declining steadily (4.6‰ in 2014 to 3.5‰ in 2018),
with a negative growth rate of minus 31.4%.
Conclusion: The analysis of epidemiologic indicators for LC in the Republic of Kazakhstan showed a general downward
trend in incidence and mortality regardless of gender. However, we can expect an increase in the female incidence of LC in sync
with the global trend. The study period has witnessed the improvement in both the primary diagnostics (due to the renewal of
diagnostic equipment in the country) and treatment of LC (through the introduction in the Republic of methods of molecular
genetic studies which are the basis for the state-financed personalized drug therapy with targeted agents).
Results of the «Comprehensive Cancer
Control Plan in the Republic of Kazakhstan
for 2018-2022» realization in 2019
Authors: KAIDAROVA D. , SHATKOVSKAYA O. , DUSHIMOVA Z. 
Published: September 2021

Relevance: Cancer control is among the key social policy priorities in the Republic of Kazakhstan. 14,000 people die from
cancer every year. As a result, our country faces an epidemiologic crisis caused by the increasing malignancy-related incidence
and mortality, plus the increasing number of people living with cancer. In 2019, 186 326 patients with malignant neoplasms
were under dynamic supervision in Kazakhstan; 52.5% lived for five years or more [1].
WHO prognosis a 1.5-2 times growth of annual malignancy-related incidence and mortality worldwide by 2022. The Republic of Kazakhstan follows the same trend, taking into account the growing welfare and life expectancy of the population
and an increase in the detection of malignant neoplasms due to the introduction of early detection programs [2].
This study aimed to assess the implementation in 2019 of the Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2018-2022.
Results: Intermediate Comprehensive Plan implementation results showed the efficacy of the conducted measures as reflected by major cancer service indicators. Thus, the early detection has improved: stage 0-I detection amounted to 27.1% of
all new cases (2019 target – 25.2%). This had a positive impact on cancer survival: in 2019, the proportion of 5-year or more
survival was 54.7% for breast cancer (2019 target – 54.5%), 56.8% for cervical cancer (2019 target – 55.8%), 46.6% for colorectal
cancer (2019 target – 45.8%) [1].
Conclusion: The Comprehensive Cancer Control Plan implementation results evidence cancer service improvement in the
Republic of Kazakhstan as of 2019 (increased 5-year survival and decreased mortality). However, a high share of detection of
visually accessible malignant neoplasms at generalized and advanced stages should be addressed in the coming years.
The foreign experience in the treatment of convicts - foreigners and stateless persons: on the example of european countries
Authors: Хван Татьяна Сергеевна 
Published: September 2021

По данным Федеральной службы исполнения наказаний, на 1 января 2019 г. в местах лишения свободы содержалось 28 741 осужденных - иностранных граждан и лиц без гражданства. Иностранный сегмент среди осужденных в России требует своего внимания для разрешения вопросов правового положения, оптимизации средств и методов достижения целей наказания, ресоциализации, постпенитенциарной адаптации или реинтеграции в общество. В статье приводятся результаты анализа уголовного и уголовно-исполнительного законодательства европейских государств - разработчиков международных стандартов по обращению с осужденными (заключенными), накопленный опыт демократического развития систем исполнения наказаний (Бельгия, Великобритания, Германия, Норвегия, Финляндия, Швейцария и др.), а также результаты проектных исследований Совета Европы и исследования отдельных зарубежных авторов. Имплементация успешного опыта зарубежных государств в отечественное законодательство представляет важное направление в деятельности уголовно-исполнительной системы. Опыт европейских стран по разрешению языковых проблем, использованию возвращения на родину (выдворения) как меры ресоциализации иностранного преступника, функционированию специализированных пенитенциарных учреждений для иностранцев, взаимодействию с неправительственными организациями, занимающимися проблемами заключенных и иностранцами, по мнению автора, может быть использован в России.
According to the Federal Penal Service of Russian Federation, as of January 1, 2019, 28,741 convicts - foreigners and stateless persons were detained in places of imprisonment. The foreign segment among convicts in Russia requires attention to resolve issues of legal status, optimization of means and methods of achieving the goals of punishment, re-socialization, post-penitentiary adaptation or reintegration into society. The article presents the results of the analysis of the criminal and penal legislation of the European States developers of international standards for the treatment of convicts (prisoners), accumulated experience in the democratic development of penal systems (Belgium, Great Britain, Germany, Norway, Finland, Switzerland, etc.), as well as the results of project studies of the Council of Europe and scientific researches of individual foreign authors. The implementation of successful experience of foreign countries in the domestic legislation is an important direction in the activities of the penal system. According to the author, the experience of European States in solving language problems, using return to the homeland (expulsion) as a measure of re-socialization of a foreign criminal, functioning of specialized penitentiary institutions for foreigners, interaction with non-governmental organizations dealing with the problems of prisoners and foreigners can be used in Russia.
Should Federal law no. 179-fz of July 18, 2019 be the first step to private prisons in Russia?
Authors: Сергеев Данил Назипович 
Published: September 2021

Анализируется Федеральный закон от 18.07.2019 № 179-ФЗ, разрешивший использование труда осужденных за пределами места отбывания наказания. На основе сравнительно-правового и исторического анализа автор приходит к выводу о формировании в России частно-государственного партнерства в сфере трудовой занятости осужденных. Автор анализирует и другие функции уголовно-исполнительной системы, которые могли бы стать предметом частно-государственного партнерства. Оценивается конституционность приватизации функций уголовно-исполнительной системы и возможные риски, сопровождающие такую передачу.
The author analyzes the federal law of July 18, 2019 No. 179-FZ, which allowed the use of convicts’ labor outside of the colony-settlement. Based on a comparative legal and historical analysis, the author makes the conclusion about the forming of private-state partnerships in the field of employment of convicts in Russia. The author analyzes other functions of Russian penal system, which could become the subject of public-private partnership. The author evaluates the constitutionality of the privatization of the functions of the penal system and the possible risks accompanying such transfer.
LSCF-CuO as Promising Cathode for IT SOFC
Authors: Bin Mohd Abd Fatah Ahmad Fuzamy , Murat Mohamad Nazri , Hamid Noorashrina A. 
Published: September 2021

Infiltration of copper oxide towards LSCF was done in order to enhance cathode performance due to superior properties, including high electrical conductivity and high catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. Samples were synthesized at different temperatures using the sol-gel route. The TGA results showed that LSCF achieved complete perovskite formation when calcined above 600 °C and DTA showed the formation of lattice oxygen at 550 °C. XRD analysis showed no shifted peaks and nano size levels were achieved when samples were calcined at 700 °C and 800 °C. SEM and BET showed similar analysis patterns, where the particle size increased as the calcining temperature was increased. EIS analysis further verified that the polarization resistance of the sample calcined at 700 °C was as small as 0.161 Ω, compared to 1.524 Ω with a calcination temperature of 800 °C. The activation energy of LSCF-CuO was found to be 122.2 kJ/mol, which is much lower than for conventional LSCF.
An Essay in Praise of Scholastic Theology
Authors: Holmes Austin 
Published: September 2021

This essay attempts to give the Scholastic Theology of the High Middle Ages due praise by inhabiting its beautiful intellectual architecture. Among the core features observed are Scholasticism’s methodological vitality explained as an exegetical-humility with patristic roots, the animating principle of desire for union with God, and a conception of Christian doctrine as fundamental to the divine work of human salvation. Rather than engage directly with Scholasticism’s fashionable modern enemies, the essay proceeds in successive steps as a lectio magistrorum (“reading of the masters”). Anslem of Canterbury, Hugh of St. Victor, Peter Abelard, Bonaventure, and Thomas Aquinas represent the primary sources of interest. The goal is simply to generate reconsideration of medieval theology through an introduction to atypically studied aspects of a few figures.