bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An observational and cross-sectional study on drug utilization pattern in the ophthalmology out-patient department of a tertiary care center of Bihar
Authors: Pandit Mrityunjay Kumar , Gaurav Kumar , Kumar Jeetendra 
Published: December 2021

Making affordable drugs accessible to all strata of society is an inevitable part of health care. This situation makes Drug Utilization Study inevitable. With this background, the current study was planned to obtain knowledge on the prescribing pattern and drug utilization trend in ophthalmology department at a tertiary care teaching hospital with ultimate goal to promote rational use of drugs among prescribers. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur, Bihar. Prior to the initiation of the study, clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Study period was between March 2021 and August 2021. Prescriptions of 550 patients who were treated during the course of the study were surveyed prospectively by using a specially designed form. The WHO drug use indicators like prescribing indicators and patient care indicators were determinedThe average number of drugs per prescription was 2.6, ranging from 0-7 drugs. The dosage forms, the frequency of administration and duration of treatment of the drugs were recorded for 99.9% of the prescriptions given. This analysis of the prescriptions showed that 93.8% of the prescriptions were written in the form of various trade names. Antibiotics were prescribed in 52.5% of the prescriptions. The present study revealed certain lacunae in the prescribing practices of the Ophthalmologists at the selected institute and this is evident by the low generic prescribing in many prescriptions.
Os grupos económicos cooperativos na encruzilhada entre os princípios da intercooperação e da autonomia e da independência. Uma análise à luz do direito português
Authors: Meira Deolinda 
Published: December 2021

O regime jurídico que enquadra as estratégias de grupo adotadas pelas cooperativas em Portugal é insuficiente. As estratégias de grupo são uma manifestação do princípio cooperativo da intercooperação, na sua dimensão de colaboração económica, pelo que o Código Cooperativo permite às cooperativas constituir sociedades comerciais, filiais societárias, adquirir participações no capital social de sociedades comerciais. No entanto, estão vedadas à cooperativa as relações de grupo que se traduzam em qualquer forma de «subordinação» da cooperativa aos interesses de outras entidades. De facto, o princípio cooperativo de autonomia e independência impede a cooperativa de ser uma entidade controlada num grupo dominado por outra entidade jurídica. Se a cooperativa adota esta estratégia de grupo para a satisfação das necessidades dos seus membros, estaremos perante o conceito de «mutualidade indireta», conceito admitido expressamente na doutrina e na legislação de certos ordenamentos jurídicos. Impõe-se uma análise casuística que permita distinguir as situações de mutualidade indireta das situações de desmutualização do fenómeno cooperativo. A salvaguarda da identidade cooperativa exige um adequado regime de determinação e distribuição dos resultados gerados no contexto dos grupos cooperativos.
Recibido: 10 junio 2021Aceptado: 01 octubre 2021
Principio de intercooperación y modelos de crecimiento
Authors: Gaminde Egia Eba 
Published: December 2021

El contexto actual de mercados cada vez mayores, de tendencia a la globalización y a la liberalización de las economías, ha creado el entorno apropiado para el incremento de la competencia entre sus participantes, por lo que se hacen necesarias formas empresariales mayores, más competitivas y más dinámicas, que permitan mejorar la competitividad y asegurar la supervivencia. La cooperativa, al igual que el resto de entidades empresariales, ha de crecer para sobrevivir. Pero ¿cuáles son las posibilidades o modelos de crecimiento que se nos ofrecen? ¿Es posible acometer ese proceso sin perder la esencia cooperativa? En este artículo se abordan las modalidades de intercooperación reguladas por nuestra legislación vigente, en concreto, las leyes estatal y vasca, así como un claro referente cercano: el Grupo Mondragón.
Recibido: 27 mayo 2021Aceptado: 23 septiembre 2021
Cooperative Act in Brazil and governing tax legislation
Authors: Salomão Brasil do Pinhal Pereira , Forcenette Rodrigo 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this article is to present the legal-normative regulation of the cooperative act in Brazil, with special association to the tax treatment it has been given based on the interpretations adopted by the superior courts of justice.
Received: 21 May 2021Aceptado: 23 September 2021
A bibliometric analysis of the product line design problem
Authors: Romero-Serrano Alma Montserrat , Ahumada-Valenzuela Omar , Leyva-Lopez Juan Carlos , Velazquez-Cazares Marlenne Gisela 
Published: December 2021

In the product design problem, firms aim to find suitable configurations of product attributes with the objective of increasing their participation in the marketplace. This problem belongs to the field of quantitative marketing and is considered a NP-Hard problem, due to its wide search space for an optimal solution. Among the related literature, there are different methodologies to address this problem, gaining ground those that apply metaheuristics, with an emphasis in Genetic Algorithms. The main aim of this work is to present an overview of the most significant contributions in this area using a bibliometric analysis approach. The paper uses Scopus database and Web of Science Core Collection, in order to obtain leading and the most influential articles, conferences papers, journals, authors, institutions and countries. The results highlight Kwong, C.K. as the most productive author while Nagamachi M. is the most influential author. Furthermore, China is the leading country in this research field. The use of Genetic Algorithms in the solutions of the Product Design Problem is a growing area of study with important development of methodologies and approaches.
JEL Codes: C00, C02
Received: 07/10/2020. Accepted: 20/02/2021. Published: 01/06/2021.
Tourism competitiveness: bibliometric analysis of global scientific production from 1991 to 2018
Authors: Pérez Romero Miriam Edith , Flores-Romero Martha Beatriz , Alfaro-García Víctor G. , Merigó José M. 
Published: December 2021

In recent years, an increasing number of studies with a focus on competitiveness and economic sectors have been developed. One of them is tourism competitiveness, also known as tourism destination competitiveness and destination competitiveness. Despite the increasing interest and number of studies in this regard, little can be found about tourism competitiveness using bibliometric methods and techniques. The aim of this paper is to use bibliometric tools to examine the evolution of scientific production on the subject of tourism competitiveness. The information in this paper comes from the Web of Science scientific database. The findings demonstrate how far the research has progressed and how influential it has been in the scientific community. In the years 1991 to 2018, a total of 1,325 papers were recovered. Years, citations, writers, universities, countries, journals, and research areas are conveniently organized and presented form the systematically gathered area.
Keywords: tourism competitiveness, tourism destination competitiveness, destination competitiveness, bibliometric analysis
JEL Codes: L83, Z32, M10
Received: 21/07/2020. Accepted: 08/01/2021. Published: 01/06/2021.
Gestión del conocimiento en PYMES del sector servicios: Una aproximación empírica en el Estado de México
Authors: Escamilla-Salazar Zugaide , Caldera-González Diana del Consuelo , Ruiz-Lara Fortino 
Published: December 2021

El impacto que tienen las pequeñas y medianas empresas (Pymes) en el desarrollo de las sociedades es innegable, a pesar de los retos que enfrentan ante un mundo incierto y cambiante. Este ambiente las obliga a ser más competitivas y una manera de lograrlo es planificando y controlando el qué hacer y el saber hacer en la organización como parte de la integración de la gestión del conocimiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar los indicadores más significativos del factor gestión del conocimiento en Pymes del sector servicios en un municipio de la Zona Norte del Estado de México. Para tal efecto se utiliza la técnica estadística de tabla de contingencia. Los principales resultados muestran que el indicador imitación es significativo para el grupo de empresarios mujeres y hombres de la muestra de esta investigación, lo cual alerta acerca de la falta de planeación para el tema de gestión de conocimiento en este tipo de empresas.
Palabras clave: Gestión de conocimiento, Factores, Competitividad, Pymes, México.
Códigos JEL: L1, L2, D8.
Recibidio: 16/03/2019. Aceptado: 28/04/2020. Publicado: 30/06/2020.
Efecto de la publicidad emocional en el rol de género: El caso de Coca-Cola en Culiacán-Sinaloa
Authors: Lara Félix Jesús Humberto , Díaz Martínez Aurora , Becerra-Perez Luis A. 
Published: December 2021

La industria de bebidas gaseosas ha dirigido fuertes estrategias publicitarias, invirtiendo grandes cantidades de dinero con la finalidad de captar la atención de los consumidores de refresco de cola. Los objetivos de este estudio son identificar y demostrar que la publicidad emocional incrementa la intención de compra en las bebidas gaseosas en los consumidores siendo el género un factor singular en el nivel de agrado. Se indagó en estudios similares donde el rol de género es un factor diferenciador en la percepción y cambios de actitud ante dicha publicidad. Para el presente estudio se tomó como objeto de análisis a la empresa Coca-Cola y una muestra representativa de 120 jóvenes, para decodificar el efecto de su publicidad y analizar si los anuncios promueven la acción de compra. Como técnica de investigación se usó una metodología experimental, transversal y descriptiva tomando la muestra por conveniencia de manera aleatoria, en una sala de la facultad se acondicionó de manera cómoda y que nada pudiera afectar las respuestas de los participantes en el cuestionario que respondieron, se dividió en dos partes, pres-test y pos-test, en ambos partes se les cuestionó sobre su intención de compra de bebidas gaseosas (Coca-Cola).
Palabras clave: publicidad emocional, efecto de género, intención de compra, mercadotecnia.
Códigos JEL: M30, M31, M39

Recibido: 24/05/2019. Aceptado: 28/04/2020. Publicado: 24/05/2020
PERNIKAHAN LINTAS AGAMA; KAJIAN MUQARIN MENURUT QURAISH SHIHAB DALAM TAFSIR AL-MISHBAH DAN HAMKA DALAM TAFSIR AL-AZHAR
Authors: Romziana Luthviyah 
Published: December 2021

Interfaith marriages are familiar in people's lives. This is due to advances in information media or telecommunications among the public, interfaith marriages are very easy to do. This is the root of the problem that will be discussed in the interpretation of al-Mishbah by Quraish Shihab and the interpretation of al-Azhar by HAMKA in al-Baqarah verse 221.
This research is a literature review (library research) with the main source of al-Mishbah interpretation by Quraish Shihab and al-Azhar interpretation by HAMKA. This research used muqarin method, it's a method of comparison between the interpretation of al-Misbah and the interpretation of al-Azhar.
The results of this study can be concluded that the law of interfaith marriage according to Quraish Shihab in the interpretation of al-Misbah is based on al-Baqarah verse 221, that prohibition of marriage between men or women who are Muslim and men or women who are other than Islam ( non-Muslims). The reason of those prohibition marriage is differences in faith. Meanwhile, according to HAMKA in al-Azhar's interpretation, it is forbidden to marry polytheists, both women and men, as idol worshipers because they are not kafa`ah or sekufu.
Sociología y política de las «Sardinas». Un caso de estudio, entre comunicación y lógica participativa, de un movimiento social posmoderno en Italia
Authors: Paltrinieri Roberta 
Published: December 2021

Las sardinas representaron una innovación significativa en el panorama político italiano. Y una extremadamente acelerado. Este movimiento social posmoderno surgió en el otoño de 2019 en Bolonia “declarando la guerra” (de manera simbólica) a Matteo Salvini, y tratando de evitar la victoria de la Liga y los partidos de derecha en las elecciones regionales de Emilia Romagna. La movilización fue realmente exitosa, introduciendo en gran medida este nuevo movimiento en el debate político nacional y en el discurso mediático. Ha introducido también algunas perspectivas originales en comparación con la última historia de movilización de la sociedad civil en Italia.
El artículo aborda los siguientes temas: las raíces y génesis de las sardinas; el desarrollo contradictorio (aunque realmente exitoso) y el camino potencial y problemático hacia el proceso de institucionalización; las estrategias de comunicación, la auto-narrativa y el discurso político; la metamorfosis organizativa y política que implica la evolución pandémica.
Genetic instability of the Omicron strain of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Authors: Semyonov D 
Published: December 2021

Among the mutations found in the Omicron strain, the results of cytosine deamination
dominate. There is a mutation in the nsp14 gene. These two facts suggest that the omicron strain has an impaired repair system. The instability of the genome of the Omicron strain to the action of APOBEC deaminases will most likely lead to the degradation of this strain. However, the same mutations have led to several dangerous properties of the Omicron strain. It is proposed to use the instability of the Omicron strain to deamination of cytosine for the prevention of a severe course of the disease.
Factors Affecting the Risk of Aseptic Patellar Complications in Primary TKA Performed with Cemented All-Polyethylene Patellar Resurfacing
Authors: Limberg Afton K. , Tibbo Meagan E. , Ollivier Matthieu , Tammachote Nattapol , Abdel Matthew P. , Berry Daniel J. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Patellar complications are a consequential cause of failure of primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of demographic and patient factors with the long-term risk of patellar complications as a function of time in a very large cohort of primary TKAs performed with patellar resurfacing.

Methods:
We identified 27,192 primary TKAs utilizing cemented all-polyethylene patellar components that were performed at a single institution from 1977 through 2015. We evaluated the risk of any aseptic patellar complication and any aseptic patellar reoperation or revision, subanalyzed risks of reoperation or revision for loosening, maltracking/instability, and wear, and evaluated the risk of clinical diagnosis of patellar fracture and clunk/crepitus. The mean age at TKA was 68 years (range, 18 to 99 years); 57% of the patients were female. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 32 kg/m2. The primary diagnosis was osteoarthritis in 83%, and 70% of the TKAs were posterior-stabilized. Median follow-up was 7 years (range, 2 to 40 years). Risk factors for each outcome were evaluated with Cox regression models.

Results:
Nine hundred and seventy-seven knees with all-polyethylene patellae developed patellar complications. Survivorship free from any aseptic patellar complication was 93.3% at 20 years. Twenty-year survivorship free from any aseptic patellar reoperation was 97.3% and free from any aseptic patellar revision was 97.4%. Fifteen-year survivorship for the same end points for procedures performed from 2000 to 2015 was 95.7%, 99.2% and 99.3% respectively, representing substantial improvements compared with implants placed before 2000. Univariate analysis demonstrated that male sex (hazard ratio [HR], 1.4), an age of <65 years (HR, 1.3), and a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 (HR, 1.2) were associated with increased risk of patellar complications (all p ≤0.01). Posterior-stabilized designs were associated with fewer patellar reoperations and revisions overall (HR, 0.4 and 0.4; p < 0.001) but higher risk of patellar clunk/crepitus (HR, 14.1; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The 20-year survivorship free from any aseptic patellar complication in this series of cemented all-polyethylene patellae was 93%. Important risk factors for any aseptic patellar complication were male sex, an age of <65 years, a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2, and a patella implanted before 2000.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
An Epidemic Amidst a Pandemic: Musculoskeletal Firearm Injuries During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Inclan Paul M. , Velicki Katherine , Christ Ryan , Miller Anna N. , Brogan David M. , Dy Christopher J. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has substantially impacted the delivery of health care, both through direct care associated with COVID-19 and through more pervasive effects. Our goal was to evaluate whether the number of orthopaedic consultations for firearm injuries differed during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the same period in prior years. We hypothesized that the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, compared with the same period in prior years, would have a higher number of orthopaedic consultations for firearm injuries and a lower rate of outpatient follow-up after consultations.

Methods:
A prospectively collected database of orthopaedic trauma consultations at a level-I trauma center was queried for firearm injuries. We compared the number of orthopaedic consultations for firearm injury during the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 23, 2020, to September 30, 2020, referred to as the pandemic group) with identical dates from 2017 to 2019 (referred to as the pre-pandemic group). Outpatient follow-up rates, ZIP codes (and associated Area Deprivation Index), and demographic data were compared between the pandemic group and the pre-pandemic group.

Results:
During the entire study period, 552 orthopaedic consultations for firearm injuries were identified. There was a 63% increase in the daily mean number of firearm injury consultations in the pandemic group, to 1.01, compared with the pre-pandemic group, 0.62 (p < 0.001). There was no difference in the rate of outpatient follow-up: 66% for the pandemic group and 72% for the pre-pandemic group. There was no difference in the percentage of patients from the most socially deprived decile: 45.3% in the pandemic group and 49.5% in the pre-pandemic group. Patients presenting during the pandemic were more often uninsured (75.8%) relative to the pre-pandemic group (67.9%), with a lack of health insurance significantly decreasing the likelihood of outpatient follow-up (p < 0.01).

Conclusions:
Compared with the same period in prior years, there was a significant increase in the number of orthopaedic consultations for firearm injuries during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in our community. Patient race, socioeconomic status, and outpatient follow-up were similar between the pandemic group and the pre-pandemic group. There was a higher proportion of uninsured patients within the pandemic group and a lower rate of follow-up among those without insurance.
New Findings of Lower Cambrian Trilobites in the Southern Hövsgöl Area (Mongolia) and Their Significance for Stratigraphy and Interregional Correlation
Authors: Korovnikov I.V. , Lazarev F.D. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
—Based on the materials collected by L.N. Repina in the southern Hövsgöl area (Mongolia) in 1986–1988, we describe three sections and identify lower Cambrian trilobites. The sections of Mt. Hurtel Harna and along the Ujigin Gol River were studied earlier. We consider trilobites that have been found in these sections for the first time: Redlihia zharkovi, Lermontoviella shanganica, Erbia granulosa, Kootenia siberica, and Parapoulsenia lata. The section along the ravine of the Zuun-Shuvuutyn-Sair Brook and the findings of trilobites in it are described for the first time. The found new trilobites make it possible to correlate the coeval lower Cambrian strata in the southern Hövsgöl area, Altai–Sayan folded area, and western Siberian Platform and refine the age of the certain parts of the Egyin Gol, Ukhaa Tolgoi, and Ujigin Gol formations.
Influences of the Earth’s Magnetic Field on the Transient Electromagnetic Process in the Geoelectric Field: an Experimental Study
Authors: Mogilatov V.S. , Potapov V.V. , Shein A.N. , Gur’ev V.A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
—A mathematical model of the influence of the Earth’s magnetic field (the Hall effect) on results of the controlled source transient electromagnetic (TEM) method has been elaborated. For identification of this effect, we propose a schematic layout of the experimental grounded system with a pulsed loop source and signals recording by radial receive lines equally spaced relative to the loop. The 2018–2019 special field experiments were conducted in the Tatar region of the West Siberian Lowland with an aim to estimate the Hall effect contributions to the TEM method. To detect the Hall effect, transient electromagnetic responses were measured mainly by four receive lines radiating from a 500×500 m square loop. Analysis of the TEM results processing aimed at improving the signal quality and reducing the interference revealed a great similarity in signals from the radial lines, which is theoretically possible only under the Hall effect. Comparison of the field signals with the theoretical ones enabled estimation of the components caused by the Hall effect, in particular, conductivity at ~0.002 S/m.
Prospective Interventional Non-Comparative Non-Randomized Clinical Study of A Topical Synergic Compound to Mitigate Presbyopia Effects
Authors: Galeana Cesar A Sanchez 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose To assess the safety and efficacy of a novel compound with low -dose pilocarpine, brimonidine and oxymetazoline (PBO) in the near vision of a group of healthy presbyopic individuals. Design Prospective, consecutive, noncomparative, nonrandomized interventional study. Subjects Twenty-six healthy presbyopic patients presented from August to September 2021 to our clinic and were willing to participate in the study. Methods PBO compound was instilled in both eyes to assess its effect in near vision one hour after instillation.Main Outcome Measures Under corrected near visual acuity using the Jaeger notation, under corrected and corrected distance visual acuity, photopic and scotopic pupil diameter was registered before and one hour after instillation of the compound. Results Baseline binocular Jaeger notation was 5.86 +/-1.39 SD range (3-9). One hour after drop instillation, binocular Jaeger was 2.53 +/ 1.71 SD range (1 – 6) (p ≤ 0.0001) Lines gained 3.30 +/-1.40 SD range (0 – 6). Mean photopic pupilar diameter was 3.69 mm +/- 0.67 SD range (2.5 – 5 mm). Mean scotopic pupilar diameter was 4.61 mm +/- 0.78 SD range (3 – 6 mm). The mean photopic pupilar diameter was 2.27 mm +/-052 SD (1.5 – 3) (p ≤ 0.000). Scotopic pupilar diameter was 2.63 mm +/-0.53 SD range (2 – 3) (p ≤ 0.000). One patient reported no improvement in near vision. (3.8%). One patient reported dim vision rated 5 in a VAS (1 –10) (3.8%). Conclusion Low-dose pilocarpine, brimonidine, and oxymetazoline showed efficacy, improving near-distance vision one hour after instillation in a group of presbyopic patients, and safety showed few and transient secondary effects.