bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Onderwijs juridische beroepsethiek aan rechtenstudenten
Authors: Mackor Anne Ruth 
Published: July 2021

Onderwijs juridische beroepsethiek aan rechtenstudenten; Special issue on Education in (Professional) Legal Ethics, Emanuel van Dongen & Jet Tigchelaar (eds.)
In dit artikel geeft de auteur haar visie op het onderwijs in beroepsethiek aan rechtenstudenten. Ze bespreekt de inhoud van de juridische beroepsethiek en enkele didactische aspecten. De auteur maakt onderscheid tussen rechtvaardigende perspectieven, die een explicatie en rechtvaardiging van een onderscheidende juridische beroepsethiek en -moraal mogelijk maken, en kritische perspectieven, die een kritische beoordeling van die rechtvaardigende verhalen mogelijk maken. Ze benadrukt daarbij het belang van empirische, in het bijzonder sociaal- en moraalpsychologische benaderingen in het onderwijs van beroepsethiek. Ze wijst op het feit dat studenten niet beschikken over relevante praktijkervaring en dat dit een obstakel vormt voor diepgaande casusanalyses. In de conclusie betoogt de auteur dat de belangstelling en de ruimte voor het onderwijs in beroepsethiek aan rechtenstudenten sinds het nieuwe millennium wel is toegenomen, maar dat meer systematische reflectie op deze vakken nodig is. Ook stelt ze dat bij het onderwijs in beroepsethiek aan rechtenstudenten die nog geen werkervaring hebben in een specifieke beroepspraktijk, de nadruk zou moeten liggen op thema’s die in de beroepsopleiding minder aandacht krijgen. Het accent moet meer liggen op het verwerven van ethische en empirische theoretische kennis en kritische reflectie op rechtvaardigende verhalen, en minder op discussie over concrete gevallen. Haar laatste aanbeveling is dat in het onderwijs niet alleen normatief-ethische theorieën aan de orde moeten komen, maar ook empirische inzichten over bounded ethicality.
Effect of Tomato Juice Supplements Consumption on the Lipid Profile of Dyslipidemia Patients
Authors: Sugini  
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of tomato juice supplements consumption on the lipid profile of women with dyslipidemia patients. The design of this study was a quasi-control experimental design with pre-post test. The subjects were sixty-two Kendal Hospital women employees, aged 35–50 years old, suffering from dyslipidemia but did not suffer from metabolic or degenerative diseases based on the examination of a specialist in internal medicine. Subjects were divided into two groups, group I (30 people) were given antioxidant supplements (336 g of tomatoes per day) for 21 days and group II (32 people) as control. The nutrition intake data was measured by the 24-hour food withdrawal method conducted for three consecutive days in three weeks of research calculated by the Nutrisurvey program. Data was analyzed with Kolmogorov Smirnov test, Pearson test and Mann Whitney test. There were significant relationships between energy intake, protein intake, fat intake, and carbohydrate intake with total cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels and there were also significant relationships between energy intake and fat intake with low density lipoprotein levels. It shows that there is a relationship between diet and dyslipidemia. There were significant differences in total cholesterol, low lipoprotein levels and triglycerides in treatment and control groups. This showed that tomato juice supplements significantly affect the lipid profiles.
A Brief Comparative Study on Removal of Toxic Dyes by Different Types of Clay
Authors: Zaghloul Ahmed , Benhiti Ridouan , Aziam Rachid , Ait Ichou Abdeljalil , Abali Mhamed , Soudani Amina , Sinan Fouad , Zerbet Mohamed , Chiban Mohamed 
Published: July 2021

Increasing amount of organic dyes in the ecosystem particularly in wastewater has propelled the search for more efficient low-cost bio adsorbents. Different techniques have been used for the treatment of wastewater containing toxic dyes such as: biological degradation, oxidation, adsorption, reverse osmosis, and membrane filtration. Among all these processes mentioned, adsorption with low cost adsorbents has been recognized as one of the cost effective and efficient techniques for treatment of industrial wastewater from organic and inorganic pollutants. Clays as material adsorbents for the removal of various toxic dyes from aqueous solutions as potential alternatives to activated carbons has recently received widespread attention because of the environmental-friendly nature of clay materials. This chapter presents a comprehensive account of the techniques used for the removal of industrial cationic and anionic dyes from water during the last 10 years with special reference to the adsorption by using low cost materials in decontamination processes. Effects of different adsorption parameters on the performance of clays as adsorbents have been also discussed. Various challenges encountered in using clay materials are highlighted and a number of future prospects for the adsorbents are proposed.
Dyslipidemia: Current Perspectives and Implications for Clinical Practice
Authors: Klobučar Majanović Sanja , Cvijanović Peloza Olga , Detel Dijana , Kenđel Jovanović Gordana , Bakula Miro , Rahelic Dario , Čaljkušić Mance Tea , Šoić Vranić Tamara , Zoričić Cvek Sanja 
Published: July 2021

Dyslipidemia refers to a broad spectrum of various genetic and acquired disorders that affect blood lipid levels and largely contribute to global cardiovascular disease burden. Consistent evidence from epidemiological and clinical studies, supports the key role of the circulating LDL-cholesterol and other apoB containing lipoproteins in atherogenesis. All ApoB-containing lipoproteins with size less than 70 nm can cross the endothelial barrier, particularly in the presence of endothelial dysfunction. Uptake and accumulation of apoB-containing lipoproteins in the arterial wall is a critical initiating event in the development of atherosclerosis. Statin treatment, targeting LDL cholesterol reduction, remains the cornerstone of dyslipidemia management. There are abundant data supporting the concept of ‘the lower LDL-C, the better’ in the primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention. This chapter provides an overview of the key insights into the lipid abnormalities associated with an increased risk of CV events particulary in the context of dyslipidemia management in everyday clinical practice. Understanding the important role that metabolic derangements play in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis pave the way for stronger implementation of current guidelines for CVD risk assessment and prevention.
Malaria Lethality in Children under 5 Years of Age and Study of Risk Factors in MbujiMayi Paediatric Environment, a Neglected Deadly Epidemic in the Democratic of Republic of Congo
Authors: Ilunga-Ilunga Félicien , Levêque Alain , Mbuyi Kanyinda Vévé , Paul Mbikayi Muya Jean , Dramaix Michèle 
Published: July 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors for malaria lethality in the MbujiMayi paediatric environment, a follow-up study of hospitalised cases over 5 years was conducted between January 2016 and December 2020 in the four hospitals. The case rate was 6.9% for the total (139 cases of death for 2017 cases of severe malaria for 5 years,) and varied from year to year (10.7% in 2016 to 4.6% in 2020). Cox Proportional Risk Model results including significant covariates in multivariate analysis [HR (IC95%)]. In multivariate analysis, two models were considered. The case-fatality rate was independently associated with late arrival after 48 hours [3.1 (1.9–5.1); p < 0.001], types of pre-hospital recourse such as recourse to the church [1.4 (1.1–2.1),; p = 0.042) and tradipractor [3.2 (1.8–6.1); p < 0.001] for severe malaria, children under 12 months of age [1.8 (1.2–2.8); p < 0.001], those with circulatory collapse [2.6 (1.1–6.1); p < 0.001] and those in deep coma [1.9 (1.1–3.4); p = 0.016]. The second model with the number of associated syndromes, showed that the risk was 1.7 plus for children with a complex clinical picture, made up of the combination of several signs [1.7 (1.1–2.6); p < 0.001]. These results highlight the need for more information campaigns to encourage people to seek institutional care for malaria. Our results also suggest that prophylactic treatment may be advisable for children under 5 years of age.
Techno Economic Feasibility Analysis of Solar PV System in Jammu: A Case Study
Authors: Kaur Channi Harpreet 
Published: July 2021

Renewable sources of energy and related technologies are essential to the generation of energy worldwide. The photovoltaic (PV) is one of the renewable power technologies that support household electricity use. No prior research has studied the sustainability of the off-grid energy generation system in Jammu, India despite the potential of solar photovoltaics and significant amounts of global sun radiation in an area. The present work shown in the chapter is to calculate the residential load of the Patyari Kaltan situated in district Samba of Jammu by energy auditing. The NASA Surface Meteorology is used for the solar resource informationof selected village. The primary sources of electricity generation are fossil fuels. Recently, the energy demand and availability deficit has worsened due to the huge population and fossil fuels cannot fulfill huge energy requirement. Meanwhile they have negative impacts on the environment as well. Therefore, renewable energy offers suitable energy way out to the residents living in remote areas and in the areas near to Borders. In this paper the main aim is to examine the feasibility of solar-battery hybrid energy system to fulfill electrical demand of a residential area in a rural region in Jammu. The research shows that the cost of construction of the project can be repaid or recovered within 1 year 6 months. To accomplish the target, 214 solar panels of 325 watt are estimated to satisfy the demand 100 percent at all times. The findings of this modeling reveal that the off-grid PV system is both technical and economically viable for power generation; they may serve as a model for the successful development of the system for practical use. Furthermore, the model can promote assistance mechanisms for players in the renewable industry to introduce a PV system in residential buildings.
Oil Palm Fatal Yellowing (FY), a Disease with an Elusive Causal Agent
Authors: Barroso Bittencourt Cleiton , de Castro Lins Philippe , de Jesus Boari Alessandra , Ferraz Quirino Betania , Geraldes Teixeira Wenceslau , Teixeira Souza Junior Manoel 
Published: July 2021

Fatal yellowing disease (FY) is a bud rot-type disease that severely affects oil palm plantations in Latin America. Since 1974, when it was first reported in Brazil, this disorder has been responsible for severe economic losses in the oil palm industry; and, for nearly 50 years, several studies have tried to identify its causal agent, without success. The etiological studies regarding FY in oil palm explored either biotic and abiotic stress scenarios, in a single or combined manner. Most recently, the hypothesis in favor of one biotic cause has lost some grounds to the abiotic one, mainly due to new insights regarding deficient aeration in the soil, which reduces the potential for oxy-reduction, causing changes in the ionic composition of the soil solution. This review presents an overview of the history of this disease and the several efforts done to fulfill Koch’s postulates over the last 40 years, besides discussing recent studies that revisited this subject using some omics technics. We conclude by discussing further uses of omics via a multi-omics integration (MOI) strategy to help finally find out what is really behind the genesis of FY. Finding this elusive causal agent of FY out will allow either the development of a more efficient diagnostic tool and the advance in studies trying to find out the source of the genetic resistance hidden in the genome of the American oil palm.
Progression from Ocular Hypertension into Glaucoma
Authors: Biswas Sayantan 
Published: July 2021

Ocular hypertension (OHT) is characterized by raised intraocular pressure (IOP) >21 mmHg without any visual field (functional) or optic nerve (structural) defect featuring glaucoma. Raised IOP is a major risk factor of glaucoma and a proportion of eyes with OHT progresses into primary open angle glaucoma. Glaucoma is a debilitating disease with potential for blindness if left untreated and associated reduction in the quality of life of the affected individual. It is challenging for the clinicians to decide whether an OHT will progress into glaucoma or not based on the risk factor model of the Ocular hypertension treatment study. Moreover, the question whether only IOP or a myriad of factors like central corneal thickness, baseline IOP, visual field, family history of glaucoma, ocular biomechanics are all important in determining the progression is yet to be answered. The rate of progression is also important and needs analysis for further discussion. Summarizing the landmark studies on ocular hypertension and glaucoma to date are imperative in this regard. This chapter presents the overview of OHT and its possible etiology and pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical tests evaluating OHT eyes and elaborates on the progression of OHT to glaucoma over time in relation to the treatment.
Utilization of Remote Sensing Technology for Carbon Offset Identification in Malaysian Forests
Authors: Omar Hamdan , Rao Narayanamoorthy Thirupathi , Mohd Johan Chuah Norsheilla , Atikah Abu Bakar Nur , Afizzul Misman Muhamad 
Published: July 2021

Rapid growth of Malaysia’s economy recently is often associated with various environmental disturbances, which have been contributing to depletion of forest resources and thus climate change. The need for more spaces for numerous land developments has made the existing forests suffer from deforestation. This chapter presents an overview and demonstrates how remote sensing data is used to map and quantify changes of tropical forests in Malaysia. The analysis dealt with image processing that produce seamless mosaics of optical satellite data over Malaysia, within 15 years period, with 5-year intervals. The challenges were about the production of cloud-free images over a tropical country that always covered by clouds. These datasets were used to identify eligible areas for carbon offset in land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) sector in Malaysia. Altogether 580 scenes of Landsat imagery were processed to complete the observation period and came out with a seamless, wall to wall images over Malaysia from year 2005 to 2020. Forests have been identified from the image classification and then classified into three major types, which are dry-inland forest, peat swamp and mangroves. Post-classification change detection technique was used to determine areas that have been undergoing conversions from forests to other land uses. Forest areas were found to have declined from about 19.3 Mil. ha (in 2005) to 18.2 Mil. ha in year 2020. Causes of deforestation have been identified and the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) that has been emitted due to the deforestation activity has been determined in this study. The total deforested area between years 2005 and 2020 was at 1,087,030 ha with rate of deforestation of about 72,469 ha yr.−1 (or 0.37% yr.−1). This has contributed to the total CO2 emission of 689.26 Mil. Mg CO2, with an annual rate of 45.95 Mil. Mg CO2 yr.−1. The study found that the use of a series satellite images from optical sensors are the most appropriate sensors to be used for monitoring of deforestation over the Malaysia region, although cloud covers are the major issue for optical imagery datasets.
Co nás čeká v právní úpravě využívání obnovitelných zdrojů energie?
Authors: Jendřejas Jan 
Published: July 2021

Zimní balíček legislativy EU v oblasti energetiky pod názvem „Čistá energie pro všechny Evropany“ přináší na pole právní úpravy podpory využívání obnovitelných zdrojů energie řadu novinek. Díky němu tak po letech stagnace český zákonodárce zřejmě připraví řadu legislativních změn s potenciálem značně zamíchat českou energetikou. V první části tohoto článku se zabývám evropskou legislativou v této oblasti z pohledu podpory využívání obnovitelných zdrojů energie a rozebírám nové instituty energetického práva, kterým dá nová úprava vzniknout. V další části se pak věnuji české transpozici předmětného sekundárního práva, a to novele zákona o podporovaných zdrojích energie a věcnému záměru nového energetického zákona. Posuzuji splnění cílů stanovených unijní legislativou a zejména potenciál k výraznému navýšení podílu obnovitelných zdrojů energie na energetickém mixu a tím snížení negativních dopadů lidské činnosti na globální klima. Závěrem podrobuji navrhované změny kritickému hodnocení.
Six new species of Anthuridae (Peracarida: Isopoda) from the southern Mexican Pacific
Authors: Jarquín-Martínez Ubaldo , García-Madrigal María del Socorro 
Published: July 2021

Marine isopods, despite being a very diverse group, have been little studied in the Mexican South Pacific. After a revision of 171 specimens collected from Guerrero and Oaxaca, six new species, belonging to five genera, were discovered: Amakusanthura guerrerensis sp. nov., Cortezura caeca sp. nov., Mesanthura antenniformis sp. nov., M. estacahuitensis sp. nov., Skuphonura oaxaquensis sp. nov., and Tinggianthura mexicana sp. nov. In this work, the genera Amakusanthura Nunomura, 1977 and Tinggianthura Chew, Abdul-Rahim & Haji Ross, 2014, are recorded for the first time in the Tropical Eastern Pacific. Also, the distribution range of the genus Skuphonura Barnard, 1925 is increased from the west coast of South America to the southern Mexican Pacific, this being the first record of this genus in the Mexican Pacific. This study doubles the number of species recorded of Anthuridae from the Mexican Pacific, of six to 12 species.
The effects of genetic drift and genomic selection on differentiation and local adaptation of the introduced populations of Aedes albopictus in southern Russia
Authors: Konorov Evgenii A. , Yurchenko Vyacheslav , Patraman Ivan , Lukashev Alexander , Oyun Nadezhda 
Published: July 2021

Background
Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus is an arbovirus vector that has spread from its native habitation areal in Southeast Asia throughout North and South Americas, Europe, and Africa. Ae. albopictus was first detected in the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation in the subtropical town of Sochi in 2011. In subsequent years, this species has been described in the continental areas with more severe climate and lower winter temperatures.

Methods
Genomic analysis of pooled Ae. albopictus samples collected in the mosquito populations in the coastal and continental regions of the Krasnodar Krai was conducted to look for the genetic changes associated with the spread and potential cold adaptation in Ae. albopictus.

Results
The results of the phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial genomes corresponded well with the hypothesis that Ae. albopictus haplotype A1a2a1 was introduced into the region from a single source. Population analysis revealed the role of dispersal and genetic drift in the local adaptation of the Asian tiger mosquito. The absence of shared haplotypes between the samples and high fixation indices suggest that gene flow between samples was heavily restricted. Mitochondrial and genomic differentiation together with different distances between dispersal routes, natural and anthropogenic barriers and local effective population size reduction could lead to difficulties in local climatic adaptations due to reduced selection effectiveness. We have found genomic regions with selective sweep patterns which can be considered as having been affected by recent selection events. The genes located in these regions participate in neural protection, lipid conservation, and cuticle formation during diapause. These processes were shown to be important for cold adaptation in the previous transcriptomic and proteomic studies. However, the population history and relatively low coverage obtained in the present article could have negatively affect sweep detection.
Dose-response relationship among body mass index, abdominal adiposity and atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of 35 cohorts
Authors: Liu Menglu , Mei Kaibo , Xie Lixia , Ma Jianyong , Yu Peng , Niu Siquan , Xu Ya , Zhao Yujie , Liu Xiao 
Published: July 2021

Background
Whether overweight increases the risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is unclear, and whether adiposity independently contributes to POAF has not been comprehensively studied. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the strength and shape of the exposure-effect relationship between adiposity and POAF.

Methods
The PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched for revelant studies (randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies, and nest-case control studies) reporting data regarding the relationship between adiposity and the risk of POAF.

Results
Thirty-five publications involving 33,271 cases/141,442 patients were included. Analysis of categorical variables showed that obesity (RR: 1.39, 95% CI [1.21–1.61]; P < 0.001), but not being underweight (RR: 1.44, 95% CI [0.90–2.30]; P = 0.13) or being overweight (RR: 1.03, 95% CI [0.95–1.11]; P = 0.48) was associated with an increased risk of POAF. In the exposure-effect analysis (BMI) was 1.09 (95% CI [1.05–1.12]; P < 0.001) for the risk of POAF. There was a significant linear relationship between BMI and POAF (Pnonlinearity = 0.44); the curve was flat and began to rise steeply at a BMI of approximately 30. Notably, BMI levels below 30 (overweight) were not associated with a higher risk of POAF. Additionally, waist obesity or visceral adiposity index was associated with the risk of POAF.

Conclusion
Based on the current evidence, our findings showed that high body mass index or abdominal adiposity was independently associated with an increased risk of POAF, while underweight or overweight might not significantly increase the POAF risk.
Ethanol neurotoxicity on neuroblast‐enriched cultures from three‐day‐old chick embryo is attenuated by the neuronotrophic action of GABA
Authors: Spoerri P.E. , Srivastava N. , Vernadakis A. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractIn the present study, using neuroblast‐enriched cultures derived from three‐day‐old chick embryos (E3WE), we examined the morphological effects of ethanol and/or GABA, as well as the developmental profile of the cholinergic and GABAergic neuronal phenotypes, as assessed by the activities of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). Cultures exposed to ethanol (50 mM) exhibited smaller and fewer aggregates than controls with a neuritic network that lacked fasciculation. In cultures treated with GABA (10−5 M) alone or ethanol + GABA the size and number of the neuronal aggregates was increased and also neuritic arborization and fasciculation was enhanced. Thus, addition of GABA restored the normal growth pattern in the ethanol‐treated cultures. As previously shown, E3WE culture treated with ethanol alone showed a decrease in both ChAT and GAD activities compared to controls. Both cholinergic and GABAergic neuronal phenotypes were enhanced in cultures treated with GABA as assessed by increases in ChAT and GAD activities, respectively, compared to controls. Moreover, in cultures treated concomitantly with ethanol and GABA both ChAT and GAD activities were higher than in ethanol‐alone‐treated cultures. Thus, the presence of GABA in the ethanol‐treated cultures counteracted the decline in ChAT and GAD activities observed in the ethanol‐alone‐treated cultures. We concluded that GABA through its neuronotrophic actions can rescue neuroblasts from ethanol insult and restore neuronal phenotypes.