bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among patients with diabetes and hypertension in Ballabgarh, India
Authors: Kumar Rakesh , Kant Shashi , Chandra Ankit , Krishnan Anand 
Published: August 2021

Tobacco use is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular mortality and has a synergistic effect with diabetes and hypertension. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among adult diabetic and/or hypertensive patients. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 419 consecutively enrolled patients from the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) outpatient clinic of a secondary level hospital in Ballabgarh, India between July 2018 and January 2019. We administered a pre-tested questionnaire to assess tobacco use and Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) to assess nicotine dependence. Current tobacco users were defined as those who smoked in the past seven days. Nicotine dependence was classified as low, moderate or high for the FTND score of 0 -3, 4-6, and 7-10, respectively. Seventy-nine patients had diabetes, 226 had hypertension, and 114 had both. The prevalence of tobacco use was 20.8% (95% CI : 17.1 - 24.9); prevalence of smoking was 15% (95% CI: 11.9 â€“ 18.8) and smokeless tobacco use was 7.2% (95% CI: 5 - 10.1). Moderate to high nicotine dependence was found among 59.7% of tobacco users; 75.9% tobacco users attempted to quit tobacco in the past one month. One-fifth of attendees of a NCD clinic in a secondary level hospital used tobacco, most of whom had moderate-to-high nicotine dependence. High level of nicotine dependence and inability to quit despite making an attempt for it necessitates the inclusion of tobacco cessation services in the management of patients with non-communicable diseases.
Effects of Dural Puncture Epidural Technique on Onset and Duration of Labor Analgesia
Authors: Puthenveettil Nitu , Hassan Asif , Nair Sobha , Rajan Sunil , Paul Jerry , Kumar Lakshmi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background:
In the dural puncture epidural technique (DPE), a dural hole is intentionally created, but no intrathecal drugs are administered. Our study's main objective was to compare the onset and duration of DPE analgesia with a conventional epidural (CE) when an intermittent epidural bolus dose was used.

Materials and Methods:
The double-blinded randomized control study was conducted on 60 parturient in active labor. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups using a computer-generated random sequence by closed envelope technique. Group CE received conventional labor epidural with 20 mL 0.1% ropivacaine and 30 μg fentanyl. In group DPE, dural puncture was performed, and 20 mL 0.1% ropivacaine and 30 μg fentanyl were given through an epidural catheter. The onset of analgesia, number of bolus doses required, and pain scores were monitored.

Results:
The onset of analgesia was faster in Group DPE than CE (4.40 ± 1.32 vs. 6.37 ± 2.04 min, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in analgesia duration between the two groups (109.00 ± 26.63 vs. 104.17 ± 30.62 min, P = 0.517). The requirement of top-up doses was similar in both groups (2.47 ± 0.50 vs. 2.50 ± 0.50, P = 0.80). At 5 min, mean visual analog scores were less in DPE than CE group, and this difference was statistically significant (2.43 ± 1.25 vs. 3.97 ± 1.84, P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
Both techniques were effective in producing labor analgesia. However, the use of DPE technique with a 27G spinal needle produced faster onset of analgesia than CE technique when intermittent epidural boluses were used without affecting the maternal and fetal outcome.
Hypolipidemic, Antioxidant, and Hepatoprotective Effects of Cucumber (Cucumis Sativus L.)-Supplemented Diet in Both Sexes of Sprague-Dawley Rats
Authors: Dimeji Igbayilola Yusuff , Samson Aina Olawale , Muiz Mofolorunso Adekunle , Ayoola Ashiru Mojeed , Olufemi Morakinyo Ayodele 
Published: August 2021

Background:
In Africa traditional medicine, certain plant leaves and fruits are employed in the treatment of metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and liver disorders. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is named among Nigerian plants that are under investigation for its medicinal activities. The present study investigates the hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective potentials of C. sativus-supplemented diet in both sexes of Sprague-Dawley rats.

Materials and Methods:
Twelve male and twelve female Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study and were grouped into four equal rats – Group A: control male (CM) fed with normal rat chow, Group B: control female (CF) fed with normal rat chow, Group C: cucumber-supplemented male (CSM) fed with cucumber-supplemented diet, and Group D: cucumber-supplemented female (CSF) fed with cucumber-supplemented diet for 6 weeks. At the end of the experiment, body weight change, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), hepatic lipase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine amino transferase (ALT) were determined. Hepatic and myocytic glycogen, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malonaldehyde (MDA) were also assessed.

Results:
The result displayed a nonsignificant decrease (P > 0.05) in weight change in CSM and CSF compared with CM and CF. TG and LDL downregulated significantly (P > 0.05) in CSM and CSF compared with CM and CF while HDL significantly upregulated (P < 0.05) in CSM and CSF compared with CM and CF. There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in SOD and CAT activities in CSM and CSF with a concomitant reduction in GSH activity and MDA level compared with CM and CF. ALP, AST, and ALT levels downregulated significantly (P < 0.05) in CSM and CSF compared with CM and CF. Despite a significant increase (P < 0.05) in skeletal glycogen, hepatic glycogen downregulated in CSM and CSF compared with CM and CF.

Conclusion:
It is evidenced that C. sativus-supplemented diet possessed hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective effects in both sexes of Sprague-Dawley rats, though the effects were more marked in female rats compared with their male counterparts.
Chemotherapy-Induced Ovarian Toxicity in Female Cancer Patients from Selected Nigerian Tertiary Health Care
Authors: Obadipe John Abiodun , Samuel Titilola Aderonke , Akinlalu Alfred Olaoluwa , Ajisafe Ayobami Omowunmi , Olajide Ebunoluwa Peace , Albdulmumin Latifatu 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Preservation of ovarian function and fertility has become one of the major qualities of life issues for patients of reproductive age undergoing chemotherapy. Thus, monitoring ovarian reserve in the course of chemotherapy is of utmost importance for prediction of patients' reproductive life span.

Aim:
The study investigated the ovarian toxicity of chemotherapy in female cancer patients in selected Nigerian tertiary hospitals.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and sixty participants comprised hundred radiotherapy-naive female cancer patients aged 18–72 years across all stages and sixty age-matched healthy volunteers (control) randomly selected from three medical centers in South West Nigeria. Patients' demographics and cycle of chemotherapy were obtained using questionnaire. Three milliliters of blood was collected intravenously from the participants before chemotherapy and a week after chemotherapy. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and inhibin B hormone levels in the serum samples were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tukey's honestly significant difference one-way analysis of variance was employed to test for the significant difference, with the level of significance considered at P < 0.05.

Results:
The findings of the study revealed a significant decrease (P = 0.000) in AMH and inhibin B levels of the participants before and after receiving chemotherapy as compared to that of control. In the same way, there was a significant decrease in postchemotherapy AMH (P = 0.001) and inhibin B levels (P = 0.004) as compared to that of prechemotherapy.

Conclusion:
Decreased postchemotherapy ovarian reserve in cancer patients confirmed chemotherapy-induced ovarian toxicity.
MESSAGES BEHIND MOBILE-ASSISTED LANGUAGE LEARNING
Authors: Fu Jo Shan 
Published: August 2021

<p>This paper offers a brief commentary on the ways to transform English as a foreign language students from autonomous language learners to proficient language users through mobile-assisted language learning by deducing on empirical insights from the articles in this perspective.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0852/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE COMPETITION IN PRESCHOOL AGE: A SHORT REVIEW
Authors: Tsiakara Angeliki A. , Digelidis Nikolaos M. 
Published: August 2021

<p>Competition matters in our daily life. Humans compete in their jobs, in their relationships, in the classroom etc. for different reason and with different way. We know a lot about competition for the adults but we lack of knowledge on what is happening during the preschool age and this is the focus of the present paper. The literature review shows that young children from the age of 4 years old perceive the concept of competition and express competitive behaviour. The factors which affect young children’s competitive behaviour are the gender, the age and the composition of the team as to gender and size. Moreover, during the implementation of the curriculum children express competitive behaviour in kindergarten classroom. They express competitive behaviours, which are divided into two main categories, verbally and physically, which include and subcategories. Competitive behaviour is expressed by children more often during organized activities and less during free activities, like breakfast time and discussion.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0870/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
INFLUENCE OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE ON ABSOLUTE POVERTY AMONG WOMEN IN MADOGO WARD, TANA RIVER COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Kaguthi Kevin Nderitu , Mutundu Kennedy 
Published: August 2021

<p>Gender inequality oppresses development among women and girls and is worsened by absolute poverty among women in Kenya. Poverty denies people choices and opportunities to participate in economic, political, and social activities while gender inequality denies women and girls equal opportunities as men and boys. Despite numerous interventions by the government through policies and laws gender inequality is on the rise and a great hindrance to development. Many women-headed households are not able to meet their basic needs due to inadequate income, lack of education, gender-based violence, and inaccessibility of primary health care. The objectives of this research were to analyze the influence of gender-based violence on absolute poverty among women in Madogo Ward, Tana River County. A descriptive research design and a quantitative research approach were used for the investigation to assemble the necessary quantitative information in Madogo Ward. The units of observation for this study were women who live in the Madogo Ward. The research has found out that there is a high level of absolute poverty among women with 86% of respondents living below the absolute poverty line. The results also indicated that there is a high likelihood of women to face gender-based violence in the village and at home. The research found out that many women access medical facilities but lack of medication and being unable to afford private health care leaves women without primary health care when needed. This research recommends that the government works towards addressing the high levels of gender-based violence by developing community-based protection mechanism for women and girls and provision of primary healthcare for women in Madogo Ward which would reduce the high levels of absolute poverty. </p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0870/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
THE EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON ATHLETE SATISFACTION: AN EMPIRICAL RESULTS FROM SPORTS FACILITIES OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Günel İlker , Duyan Mehdi 
Published: August 2021

<p>This study was carried out to examine the effect of service quality on the satisfaction of athletes. quantitative research patterns the simple random method was used in the study, the sample size consisted of 769 athletes trained in the Provincial Directorates of Youth and Sports and Municipalities in Antalya, Isparta, and Burdur. The Q-Sport-14 scale and customer satisfaction scale were used as data collection tools. Exploratory factor analysis was performed for validity to the scales and the internal consistency coefficient was calculated for reliability. The data were analyzed to measure impact by hierarchical regression, ANCOVA, and structural equation modeling. Athletes got (X ̅ =61.64) points from the service quality scale. They got (X ̅ =13.19) points from the satisfaction scale. As a result of the analyzes based on averages, it was observed that the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction is significant and the satisfaction level of athletes and their perceptions of service quality was high.</p><p> </p><p><strong>JEL: </strong>L80; L83</p>
INFLUENCE OF OPTIMISM ON WORK ENGAGEMENT OF MANAGERS IN STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA
Authors: Rotich Richard Kipter 
Published: August 2021

<p>The concepts of optimism and employee engagement as mechanisms to improving individual performance have been discussed in management literature. Although studies on optimism in the workplace are relatively limited, evidence certainly exists that links the concept to improvement in individual and workplace performance. This study sought to investigate the extent to which optimism influence work Engagement among middle level managers in State Corporations in Kenya. The study was informed by social learning theory. To achieve this, the study adopted a cross sectional quantitative survey design. The target population was the middle level managers in State Corporations in Kenya. A total of 389 middle level managers were sampled and self-administered questionnaires issued. The data collected was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS computer software. Multiple regression model indicated that optimism predicts 0.036 (3.6%) of work engagement which was insignificant. Consequently, the predictor did not have a statistically significant effect on Work engagement. The coefficients show that the prediction of work engagement in relation to optimism was insignificant (β1= 0.013, p&gt;.01). Thus optimism was not a significant predictor of work engagement, though methodological limitations may have impacted on this result. This study recommends government agencies in Kenya to assess and identify optimistic employees and also cultivate a working environment that promotes optimism. Executives would promote optimism by instituting measures and practices within its operating systems that create a work environment that assures the employees of their future. Managers ought to be faithful to its promises, particularly on matters touching employees. They should also be able to identify and nurture optimistic employees, by so doing they enhance the level of employee engagement and subsequent improvement of organizational performance.</p><p> </p><p><strong>JEL: </strong>L10; L20; L23</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0656/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
MOOCS & PARTICIPATION INEQUALITIES IN DISTANCE EDUCATION: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW 2009-2019
Authors: Zafras Ioannis , Kostas Apostolos , Sofos Alivizos 
Published: August 2021

<p>The extent to which Multiple Open Online Courses (MOOCs) provide an alternative educational model to less privileged social groups is still under investigation. Purpose of this study is to examine how various social, demographic, and educational factors influence learners’ participation in MOOCs. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was deployed focusing on empirical research published between 2009-2019. Analysis and synthesis of the literature revealed that both the geographical location and the professional status of learners have a positive impact on self-regulated learning. Learners from North America and Europe have significantly higher levels of ICT and self-regulated learning skills than learners from other regions. Moreover, inequalities persist as most MOOCs users have a better educational and professional background in relation to the general population. This study helps to further understand the profile of the “average MOOC user” and contribute to the related scientific discussion about MOOCs initiative.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0622/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
COMPARISON OF ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS BETWEEN INDIAN ADOLESCENT MALE SWIMMERS AND NON-SWIMMERS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Gulati Aruna , Jain Rita , Khan Alisha , Dhingra Meenu 
Published: August 2021

Background: During adolescence, a number of changes take place in growing children. Current study has been conducted to understand effect of sports training on the growth.
Objective: The main objective of the study is to compare the anthropometric parameters in adolescent swimmers and non-swimmers. Methods: 61 boys (30 swimmers and 31non-swimmers) between age group12-17 years were selected for the study. Height, weight, biacromial breadth (BAB), bicristal breadth (BCB), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), sum of four skinfolds (SSF) namely triceps, biceps, subscapular and suprailiac, total leg length (TLL), sitting height (SH) and arm span (AS) were the anthropometric measurements taken. Independent sample t-test was used to study the difference between the two groups with p<0.05 as level of significance. Conclusion: As a response to training stimulus, the development of anthropometric parameters of swimmers are significantly different from non-swimmers. However, they follow the normal growth pattern like their non-swimming peers.

<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0854/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
VIEWS OF PARENTS WITH TYPICAL EDUCATION CHILDREN ABOUT INCLUSION OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM IN GENERAL SCHOOL
Authors: Harilaos Zaragas , Dimitrios Sarris , Evangelia Exarchou , Panagoula Papadimitropoulou , Konstantinos Exarchos , Vasiliki Maglara 
Published: August 2021

<p>In recent decades, the debate over the successful implementation of accession policy has been growing. Teachers and parents are called upon to face a new reality. This paper discusses the views of parents with children in typical education regarding the inclusion of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the general school. Individual goals are to investigate parents' knowledge of ASD and factors that may affect parents' perceptions of inclusion. The research sample consists of 159 parents with children of typical education attending primary education (primary schools). Data were collected using a questionnaire with 10 questions on a Likert scale. The results showed that parents as a whole are positive about inclusion, but their views vary depending on some demographic features such as age, marital status, economic level and educational level.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0663/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>
The PI44 business model: innovation, hospitality management, education with people training and disney philosophy for entertainment organizations
Authors: Maso Cesar Buaes Dal 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
This study proposed to integrate the constructs business model, corporate university and entertainment with bases in the Disney experience. Professionals with relevant academic and market experience were interviewed. Subsequently, analysis was performed with Bardin’s orientation (1977). Viewed from the categories of Muehlhausen (2015), the study presents an integrative model called PI44 as its principle result which is simple and applicable to Brazilian reality. The new business model for corporate universities of Brazilian theme parks PI44 brings direct benefit to tourism development, in that it proves to be useful for employees, customers, shareholders and other stakeholders. The variables of organizational culture, consistency in detail and playful learning experience stood out in the final outcome of the study. These variables will be testing in many entertainment sectors.

RESUMEN
Este estudio se propuso integrar los constructos modelo de negocio, universidad corporativa y entretenimiento con bases en la experiencia Disney. Se entrevistó a profesionales con experiencia académica y de mercado relevantes. Posteriormente, se realizó el análisis con la orientación de Bardin (1977). Visto desde las categorías de Muehlhausen (2015), el estudio presenta como resultado principal un modelo integrador denominado PI44, que es simple y aplicable a la realidad brasileña. El nuevo modelo de negocio para las universidades corporativas de los parques temáticos brasileños PI44 trae un beneficio directo para el desarrollo del turismo, en la medida en que demuestra ser útil para los empleados, clientes, accionistas y otras partes interesadas. Las variables de cultura organizacional, consistencia en los detalles y experiencia de aprendizaje lúdico se destacaron en el resultado final del estudio. Estas variables se pondrán a prueba en muchos sectores del entretenimiento.
Pemanfaatan Trainer Kit Microcontroller untuk Menguji dan Kalibrasi Sensor Kits pada Laboratorium Teknologi Informasi POLNES
Authors: Susanna Susanna , Murdianto Murdianto 
Published: August 2021

Alat peraga praktikum microcontroller pada jurusan Teknologi informasi Politeknik Negeri Samarinda digunakan pada beberapa mata kuliah praktikum seperti praktikum microprosesor, Digital dan Sensor dan Aktuator . Selain untuk Praktikum alat ini juga digunakan untuk melakukan pengujian sensor untuk mengetahui sensor – sensor kits bekerja dengan baik. Pada penelitian ini adalah dengan memanfaatkan alat peraga praktikum untuk melakukan pengujian dan hasil sensor kits seperti Modul RGB Full Color LED SMD KY-009, Modul Sensor Suhu dan Kelembaban (Temp and Humidity ) KY-015, Modul Infrared obstacle KY-032. Selain bertujuan mahasiswa pengguna dapat lebih mudah dalam memahami praktikum dan penelitian alat ini juga bermanfaat untuk menguji dan mengkalibrasi bahan khusus berupa sensor. Dari hasil penelitian berdasarkan hasil pengujian didapatkan bahwa sensor-sensor bekerja dengan baik dan dapat digunakan untuk keperluan praktikum dan penelitian baik mahasiswa maupun dosen.