bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Habits among Undergraduate Medical Students in Tamil Nadu; A Before and After Intervention Study
Authors: Rajasekar Hanitha , Venmathi E. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: In a developing country like India, people suffer from poverty and hunger on one hand and other lifestyle related diseases on the other hand. Unhealthy lifestyle is especially common among affluent society. Non communicable diseases has a multifactorial causation and key modifiable risk factor for NCDs is obesity. Adolescent population tends to suffer from ill effects of obesity because of unhealthy eating habits and social factor like stress. This study aims to evaluate the life style pattern especially eating habits among undergraduate medical students and possible outcome of interventional program in the form of health education.
Methods: A Before and After Intervention study was conducted among 100 undergraduate medical students in a private medical college of Tamil Nadu. Universal sampling method was used to select the study participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the study participants and Mc Nemar chi-square test was used for analysis.
Results: The Percentage of students who were overweight was 23% and obese was 5%. It was estimated that 94% of the participants had habit of consuming outside food before intervention and when enquired about the frequency 13% consumed daily, 48% consumed twice or thrice per week, 28% monthly once and 11% had rare consumption of outside food. Mc Nemar test was done to compare consumption of healthy food among study participants before and after intervention and this association was found to be statistically significant.
Conclusion: This study concluded that consumption of healthy food among study participants before and after intervention improved and association was statistically significant.
Frovatriptan Succinate Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles: Formulation, Evaluation, Stability Study and Shelf Life Determination
Authors: Yasir Mohd , Chauhan Iti , Verma Madhu , Noorulla KM , Tura Abdurazak J. , Haji Misbahu J. , Sara UVS , Dadi Murali , Gobena Wondesen G. , Dalecha Debesa D. , Narayana Goruntla , Veerabhadrappa Kasturi Vishwanatha Setty 
Published: December 2021

Aims: The aim of the research work was to prepare and optimize the Frovatriptan Succinate (FVN) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles.
Methods: SLNs were developed by solvent emulsification diffusion technique and evaluated for particle size, PDI, zeta potential, in-vitro drug release, and finally stability study was conducted for the detection of shelf life.
Results: The optimized formulation exhibited particle size, PDI, and zeta potential 122.85±9.24 nm, 0.129 and -25.85 mV, respectively. In-vitro drug release study exhibited biphasic drug release pattern. Initially (in first two hrs) the drug was release in fast manor i.e. burst release (32.36±7.28 %). It might be due to the presence of drug on the surface of SLNs. After 2 hrs of study, the release pattern became sustained up to 24 hrs. The total amount of drug release in 24 h was found to be 91.29 ± 8.26%. Various kinetic models were applied to evaluate the release pattern of the drug form the formulation. Higuchi model was found to be the best fitted with the R2 value of 0.9482. The release mechanism was found to be the Fickian type with the release exponent (n) value of 0.4386. Finally, stability study was conducted. The formulation was found to be the stable under the studied conditions. The shelf life of the formulation was found to be 1.77 years.
Conclusion: Finally, it could be concluded that, the SLNs are the suitable carrier for the delivery of FVN .
Pharmaceutical Effects on Placental Morphology in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mehmood Ansa , Tahir Sheeza , Shabbir Amina , Khalid Namra , Salman Amber , Hanif Faiza 
Published: December 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to see how food organization and Metformin affected placental morphology in women with GDM.
Methods: 66 GDMs were registered after providing informed consent permission. 35 patients of GDM through blood sugar levels 140 mg/dl remained allocated Set B (2500-3000Kcal/day and 30-minute walk three times a week). They remained reserved on diet control, while 34 patients of GDM through blood sugar levels >140 mg/dl have been delegated Set C and remained reserved on diet with tablet Metformin (550mg TDS). Lastly, 28 healthy pregnant women remained retained in Set A as controls. Placentas were stored and analyzed for morphology after delivery.
Results: Heavy placentae thru extensive villous immature, charangoists, and syncytial knots were observed in set B, while fibrinoid necrosis and calcification were observed in set C. Placental and cord width were significant in Set B against A, but only cord width was relevant in Set C against A in gross morphology. In light microscopy, charangoists, infarction, and syncytial loops showed detected in sample 2 against with a villous maturity; moreover, charangoists and syncytial knots have been found in appendix B versus C placental width, but C versus A results were negligible.
Conclusion: In comparison to the diet group, metformin exhibited beneficial benefits on placental morphology that were equivalent to normal controls.
Imagining of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Review
Authors: El-Kenawy Hossam A. , Aldarsouny Abdullah Thamer , Alaqel Nouf Mohammed , Alkhamis Noor Anwar S. , Aldawood Fatimah Fayez J , Alhazzani Yazeed Abdulaziz , Alnufaie Nawaf Fahad , Aledaili Sara Abdullah S , Alkhalifah Waleed Abdullah , Alharbi Amal Mohammed , Alshammari Abdulaziz Ayed , Hariri Lena Mohammednoor 
Published: December 2021

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening disorder marked by low oxygen levels and rigid or non-compliant lungs. In the absence of any indication of cardiogenic pulmonary edema, ARDS is defined as an acute disease that begins within 7 days of the triggering event and is marked by bilateral lung infiltrates and severe progressive hypoxemia. ARDS has a significant death rate, and there are few effective treatment options for this life-threatening illness. The management of these severely ill patients in the intensive care unit relies heavily on imaging. Chest radiography, bedside lung ultrasonography, and computed tomography scans can all help with patient care and prognostic variables identification. However, imaging results are not always specific, and other diagnosis should be considered.
Prevalence and Management of Hypertension along with its Complications - A Prospective Study
Authors: Dinakaran Aishwarya , Chandrika R. E. M. Prema , Shareef Mohd Mubashir , Sultana Mehraj , Khanam Quarratul Ain , Rao P. Sailaja 
Published: December 2021

Aim: The main aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and correlate hypertension with the occurrence of its complications.
Study Design: The study was designed to detect the adverse outcomes of uncontrolled hypertension and review the treatment patterns in the management of hypertension along with the complications.
Place and Duration of the Study: This study was an observational study conducted for a period of six months from January to June 2020, at THUMBAY HOSPITAL NEW LIFE, in an inpatient department.
Methodology: Using a suitable designed data form, details of the patient were collected from patient demographics, prescription charts, laboratory data, medical records, doctor's and nursing notes.
Results: In this study, the prevalence of hypertension was found to be more in males (52.5%) than in females (47.5%). Among all age groups, individuals aged 50-59 yrs were highly affected. From the study, it was found that a greater number of patients fall in the category of stage-2 hypertension (38.75%) followed by hypertension crisis (28.75%), stage-1 hypertension (25%), and normal (7.5%). More patients with uncontrolled hypertension experienced cardiovascular complications (55%) when compared to cerebrovascular (27.5%) and renal (17.5%) complications. Chi Squared Test was used to analyse the significance of the study. P values < 0.0001 was considered as statistically significant.
Conclusion: It was concluded that the choice of antihypertensive drugs used in the management of hypertension were diuretics followed by Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and Calcium Channel blockers. The most commonly prescribed drugs in the study were Furosemide, Telmisartan, Amlodipine, Metoprolol, followed by clinidipine, carvedilol, metolazone, perindopril, cardiopril, and torsemide.
Fungal Population and Physicochemical Characteristics of Abattoir-Impacted Soil in Iwofe, Rivers State
Authors: Janet Olufunmilayo Williams, , Gloria Owhorji, 
Published: December 2021

Aim: To determine the fungal population and physicochemistry of abattoir impacted soil in Iwofe, Rivers State.
Study Design: This study focused on Abattoir impacted soil. Statistical analysis of data and interpretation was carried out.
Place and Duration of Study: Abattoir impacted soil was collected from three points in an abattoir located in Iwofe, Rivers State while the unpolluted soil which served as control was collected from the Rivers State University, Port Harcourt in January, 2021.
Methodology: Standard microbiological techniques were used: the fungal population was determined by inoculating aliquots of an appropriate dilution resulting from a ten-fold serial dilution on prepared Sabouraud dextrose agar plates in duplicates. Plates were later incubated for 3-5 days after which colonies were enumerated and used in obtaining the fungal population in the soil samples while distinct colonies were subcultured for macroscopic and microscopic identification of fungi. The physicochemical parameters and heavy metals were analyzed using standard methods.
Results: Fungal load in the control and abattoir impacted soil were 1.09×105 and 3.9×104 CFU/g, respectively. The fungal load of the control soil was significantly higher (P˂0.05) than the abattoir impacted soil. The fungal isolates identified in the abattoir impacted soil were Microsporium sp, Aspergillus niger and Candida sp while Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sp, Penicillium sp, Mucor sp and Rhizopus sp were identified from the control soil. The pH, temperature, nitrate and phosphate of the abattoir soil were 6.7, 28.33℃, 27.83(mgKg-1) and 1055(mgKg-1), respectively. The concentrations of Cadmium, Iron and Lead in the abattoir Impacted soil and control soil were 0.81, 563.35 and 7.12 mgKg-1, 0.51, 582.0 and 3.18 mgKg-1, respectively. The physico chemistry and heavy metals in the abattoir soil were within acceptable limits.
Discussion and Conclusion: The findings from this study showed that heavy metals in abattoir impacted soil had an impact in the fungal population which led to the isolation of only three fungal isolates belonging to Microsporium sp, Candida sp and Aspergillus niger. More so, despite the presence of heavy metals in the abattoir impacted soil, the metals were all within permissible limits. Thus, the abattoir impacted soil was not heavily polluted.
Clinical significance of FAT1 gene mutation and mRNA expression in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kim Su Il , Woo Seon Rang , Noh Joo Kyung , Lee Min Kyeong , Lee Young Chan , Lee Jung Woo , Ko Seong‐Gyu , Eun Young‐Gyu 
Published: December 2021

The FAT1 gene functions as a tumor suppressor or promoter and remains incompletely understood. We examined the clinical significance of FAT1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) using four publicly available HNSCC cohorts and one HNSCC cohort enrolled at a tertiary medical center. We developed FAT1 signatures reflecting FAT1 mutations and mRNA expression using one cohort. Patients with HNSCC were classified into FAT1‐associated low risk (FAT1‐LR; n = 195) and FAT1‐associated high risk (FAT1‐HR; n = 371) subgroups. The five‐year overall survival and recurrence‐free survival rates were significantly lower in the FAT1‐HR subgroup than in the FAT1‐LR subgroup (P = 0.01 and 0.003, respectively). The clinical significance of FAT1 was validated using four independent cohorts. Cox proportional hazards models showed that the FAT1 signature was an independent prognostic factor for HNSCC patients. In addition, FAT1 signature was associated with the response to radiotherapy, advanced stage, and human papilloma virus (HPV) status in HNSCC patients. In conclusion, the FAT1 gene signature was associated with prognosis of HNSCC and may help to provide personalized treatments for HNSCC patients.
Underwater Self‐Powered All‐Optical Wireless Ultrasonic Sensing, Positioning and Communication with Ultrafast Response Time and Ultrahigh Sensitivity
Authors: Tian Zhen , Su Li , Wang Haoyu , Wang Hongqiang , Zi Yunlong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe utilization of ultrasonic waves in the ocean has become an attractive topic for its applications in underwater sensor networks via a variety of research methods, such as sensing, positioning, and communication. However, it is still challenging to develop a cost‐effective, stable, fast, and accurate wireless underwater ultrasonic device with self‐power‐ability in various circumstances. Herein, a novel underwater self‐powered all‐optical wireless ultrasonic sensor (SAWS) based on triboelectrification‐induced electroluminescence (TIEL) has been proposed, in which efficient and stable TIEL can be generated under the excitation of ultrasonic waves. The SAWS has been demonstrated to accurately determine the location of the ultrasonic source with an error of less than 4.6%, and as a promising candidate for real‐time optical signal communication with an ultrafast response time of below 50 ms and an ultrahigh signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of 26.02 dB. To date, the paradigm‐shift strategy for underwater ultrasonic sensing has been developed for the first time to be fully self‐powered without any wire connections. The SAWS proposed here paves a new path to the realization of a self‐powered underwater all‐optical wireless sensing system that can be effectively applied in underwater environmental monitoring, underwater robots, ocean sensor networks, etc.
Novel Thermal Diffusion Temperature Engineering Leading to High Thermoelectric Performance in Bi2Te3‐Based Flexible Thin‐Films
Authors: Ao Dong‐Wei , Liu Wei‐Di , Chen Yue‐Xing , Wei Meng , Jabar Bushra , Li Fu , Shi Xiao‐Lei , Zheng Zhuang‐Hao , Liang Guang‐Xing , Zhang Xiang‐Hua , Fan Ping , Chen Zhi‐Gang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFlexible Bi2Te3‐based thermoelectric devices can function as power generators for powering wearable electronics or chip‐sensors for internet‐of‐things. However, the unsatisfied performance of n‐type Bi2Te3 flexible thin films significantly limits their wide application. In this study, a novel thermal diffusion method is employed to fabricate n‐type Te‐embedded Bi2Te3 flexible thin films on flexible polyimide substrates, where Te embeddings can be achieved by tuning the thermal diffusion temperature and correspondingly result in an energy filtering effect at the Bi2Te3/Te interfaces. The energy filtering effect can lead to a high Seebeck coefficient ≈160 µV K−1 as well as high carrier mobility of ≈200 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room‐temperature. Consequently, an ultrahigh room‐temperature power factor of 14.65 µW cm−1 K−2 can be observed in the Te‐embedded Bi2Te3 flexible thin films prepared at the diffusion temperature of 623 K. A thermoelectric sensor is also assembled through integrating the n‐type Bi2Te3 flexible thin films with p‐type Sb2Te3 counterparts, which can fast reflect finger‐touch status and demonstrate the applicability of as‐prepared Te‐embedded Bi2Te3 flexible thin films. This study indicates that the thermal diffusion method is an effective way to fabricate high‐performance and applicable flexible Te‐embedded Bi2Te3‐based thin films.
Extracellular DNA: A Missing Link in the Pathogenesis of Ectopic Mineralization
Authors: Shen Min‐juan , Jiao Kai , Wang Chen‐yu , Ehrlich Hermann , Wan Mei‐chen , Hao Dong‐xiao , Li Jing , Wan Qian‐qian , Tonggu Lige , Yan Jian‐fei , Wang Kai‐yan , Ma Yu‐xuan , Chen Ji‐hua , Tay Franklin R. , Niu Li‐na 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic coding for the very essence of life, these macromolecules or components thereof are not necessarily lost after a cell dies. There appears to be a link between extracellular DNA and biomineralization. Here the authors demonstrate that extracellular DNA functions as an initiator of collagen intrafibrillar mineralization. This is confirmed with in vitro and in vivo biological mineralization models. Because of their polyanionic property, extracellular DNA molecules are capable of stabilizing supersaturated calcium phosphate solution and mineralizing 2D and 3D collagen matrices completely as early as 24 h. The effectiveness of extracellular DNA in biomineralization of collagen is attributed to the relatively stable formation of amorphous liquid droplets triggered by attraction of DNA to the collagen fibrils via hydrogen bonding. These findings suggest that extracellular DNA is biomimetically significant for fabricating inorganic–organic hybrid materials for tissue engineering. DNA‐induced collagen intrafibrillar mineralization provides a clue to the pathogenesis of ectopic mineralization in different body tissues. The use of DNase for targeting extracellular DNA at destined tissue sites provides a potential solution for treatment of diseases associated with ectopic mineralization.
Einstein–Besso Manuscript on the Perihelion Motion of Mercury Sold for Record Amount
Authors: Janssen Michel , Rea Eran Moore 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn 1913, Albert Einstein and Michele Besso tried to explain the anomalous advance of Mercury's perihelion on the basis of the precursor theory of general relativity. A manuscript bundle documents their work. This manuscript was recently auctioned for a record amount. The paper gives a brief discussion of the significance and history of this manuscript.
Augmented Self‐Association by Electrostatic Forces in Thienopyrrole‐Fused Thiadiazoles that Contain an Ester instead of an Ether Linker
Authors: Naito Yukako , Moriguchi Ryo , Kitamura Chitoshi , Matsumoto Taisuke , Yoshihara Toshitada , Ishi‐i Tsutomu , Nagata Yuka , Takeshita Hiroki , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Shiota Yoshihito , Suzuki Kazumasa , Kato Shin‐ichiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDuring the self‐assembly of π‐conjugated molecules, linkers and substituents can potentially add supportive noncovalent intermolecular interactions to π‐stacking interactions. Here, we report the self‐assembly behavior of thienopyrrole‐fused thiadiazole (TPT) fluorescent dyes that possess ester or ether linkers and dodecyloxy side chains in solution and the condensed phase. A comparison of the self‐association behavior of the ester‐ and ether‐bridged compounds in solution using detailed UV‐vis, fluorescence, and NMR spectroscopic studies revealed that the subtle replacement of the ether linkers by ester linkers leads to a distinct increase in the association constant (ca. 3–4 fold) and the enthalpic contribution (ca. 3 kcal mol−1). Theoretical calculations suggest that the ester linkers, which are in close proximity to one another due to the π‐stacking interactions, induce attractive electrostatic forces and augment self‐association. The self‐assembly of TPT dyes into well‐defined 1D clusters with high aspect ratios was observed, and their morphologies and crystallinity were investigated using SEM and X‐ray diffraction analyses. TPTs with ester linkers exhibit a columnar liquid crystalline mesophase in the condensed phase.
Co‐pyrolysis of coal‐biomass: study on reaction kinetics and thermodynamics
Authors: Bhattacharyya Munmi , Shadangi Krushna Prasad , Mahanta Pinakeswar , Mohanty Kaustubha 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis investigation reports a kinetic and thermodynamic study (using the Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method) of coal–sawdust co‐pyrolysis calculated beyond the evaporation zone. The effects of co‐pyrolysis on activation energy (E
a) and thermodynamic parameters are compared with those of individual pyrolysis. This study clarifies the effect of biomass on the thermal stability of coal during co‐pyrolysis. The co‐pyrolysis of sawdust with coal helps increase the rate of thermal degradation in the low‐temperature degradation zone by reducing the activation energy and Gibbs free energy. The alternation of the value of E
a from positive to negative occurs beyond the active pyrolytic zone. The overall E
a of coal pyrolysis (196 kJ mol−1) shows a value higher than that for the co‐pyrolysis of coal and sawdust (100.632 kJ mol−1). Similarly, the Gibbs free energy and enthalpy for coal also show higher values associated with co‐pyrolysis. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Operator algebraic methods in the theory ofdiffusion‐influencedreaction kinetics
Authors: Lee Sangyoub 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOperator algebra is a useful mathematical technique that provides formal analytic solutions to various time‐evolution equations, appearing in quantum and statistical mechanics. In particular, combined with the Laplace transformation and Green's function methods, the operator algebra has been found to be very useful in deriving analytic solutions to various kinetic equations such as the Smoluchowski equation. In this review, operator algebraic methods as applied in the theory of diffusion‐influenced bimolecular reaction kinetics will be briefly described.
Development of the emotionally focused individual therapy adherence measure: Conceptualisation and preliminary reliability
Authors: Schafer Lukas , Edwards Caitlin P. , Allan Robert , Johnson Susan M. , Wiebe Stephanie A. , Chyurlia Livia , Tasca Giorgio A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Emotionally Focused Individual Therapy Adherence Measure (EFIT‐AM) is presented as a scale to measure a therapist's adherence to the EFIT model. The theoretical rationale for EFIT as a promising model of individual therapy and conceptual development of EFIT‐AM are introduced. The EFIT‐AM was developed to measure therapist adherence to treatment tasks when working specifically with clients presenting with negative emotional disorder and can be used to promote therapist education and development in training and supervision. The measure includes assessment of essential skills, meta‐themes, and stages of EFIT. The measure was piloted using participants (n = 20) with advanced training in EFT. Participants used the measure to rate therapist adherence to EFIT model by observing a recorded therapy session of an expert EFIT therapist. Participant ratings were used to examine consistency among ratings of therapist behaviour and to receive feedback regarding the user experience of the EFIT‐AM. Mean item ratings of three and five within the same talk turn were considered to signify reliable identification of an EFIT skill. Of the 18 adherence items on the EFIT‐AM, 12 items met our criteria for 50% of participants identifying the item at the same time with a rating of three or five. Six items did not meet these criteria and were considered to either occur at a session, as opposed to talk turn, level or in need of consolidation. The high level of inter‐rater reliability and internal consistency of the EFIT‐AM indicates the EFIT‐AM is a promising tool to evaluate therapist adherence.