bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type 1 diabetic manifestations in a young man triggered by COVID‐19
Authors: Dehghani Firouzabadi Fatemeh , Dehghani Firouzabadi Mohammad , Moosaie Fatemeh , Rafiee Saeedeh , Esteghamati Alireza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 could potentially lead to the progression of the course of undiagnosed type 1 diabetes in an infected individuals.
Chiari malformation type I with depression and severe psychosis: Case report according to the role of the cerebellum in cognition and emotion
Authors: Badrfam Rahim , Naghavi Hamid Reza , Noroozian Maryam , Zandifar Atefeh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChiari malformation may have possible effect on cognitive and affective demonstrations. It seems necessary to pay attention to the underlying anatomical conditions in terms of diagnostic and therapeutic aspects when evaluating neuropsychiatric manifestations.
Ethene Conversion at a Zeolite‐Supported Ir(I) Complex. A Computational Perspective on a Single‐Site Catalyst System
Authors: Vummaleti Sai V. C. , Genest Alexander , Rösch Notker 
Published: June 2021

AbstractApplying a quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics scheme involving DFT calculations, a model study of mechanisms for ethene transformations at zeolite‐supported Ir(I) complexes is presented and the results compared to those of recent experiments and previous work on the isostructural Rh(I) complexes. Starting from the 2‐ligand complex [Ir(C2H4)2]+, in the presence of H2, the ethene conversion mechanisms studied yield solely ethane while the dimerization to 1‐butene via either the Cossee‐Arlman (CA) mechanism or the metallacycle (MC) mechanism was determined to be kinetically too demanding. Therefore, turning to 3‐ligand models, the calculations showed that the diethyl complex [Ir(C2H4)(C2H5)2]+ strongly favors ethene hydrogenation over dimerization (via a CA mechanism), with crucial activation free energies of 27 kJ mol−1 and 113 kJ mol−1, respectively. The alternative route to dimerization via a MC mechanism is also not operative because the C−C coupling barrier is higher by 30 kJ mol−1 (in absolute terms) than the hydrogen activation in the CA mechanism. Thus, when Rh is substituted by Ir, the computational results allowed to rationalize the experimentally determined switching from ethene dimerization to ethane formation due to the significantly higher calculated barrier, by ∼50 kJ mol−1 relative to Rh, of C−C coupling in the Ir system. The present study illustrates the advantage of describing the active site in a single site catalysis system, yet it also highlights the potential complexity of such systems as revealed by comparing 2‐ to 3‐ligand models as well as models with different metal centers, Rh vs Ir, in the light of conversion rates via the energetic span concept.
Promoting the Methane Oxidation on Pd/CeO2 Catalyst by Increasing the Surface Oxygen Mobility via Defect Engineering
Authors: Lee Jaeha , Lim Tae Hwan , Lee Eunwon , Kim Do Heui 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMethane is a useful chemical resource, but removing it, a powerful greenhouse gas, is important to prevent global warming. In this study, the methane oxidation activity of conventional Pd/CeO2 catalyst was improved by enhancing the oxygen mobility of ceria surface via the simple defect engineering. Raman spectroscopy demonstrates that the defect concentration of ceria surface is reduced after high temperature treatments. Cryogenic hydrogen‐temperature‐programmed‐reduction curves indicate that the surface oxygen of ceria in Pd/CeO2 catalysts with the reduced defect concentration became mobile, resulting in the facile reduction at the lower temperature. X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron and X‐ray adsorption spectroscopies show that the improvement in the surface oxygen mobility does not originate from the change in PdOx particle size nor its oxidation state. As a result, the temperature of 50 % conversion of methane shifted by 25 °C to the lower temperature on Pd/CeO2 catalyst with the reduced defect concentration. This work highlights that the catalytic activity can be enhanced by promoting the active participation of the surface oxygen of support.
Aromatic Trifluoromethylselenolation via Pd‐catalyzed C−H functionalization
Authors: Grollier Kevin , Chefdeville Emmanuel , Jeanneau Erwann , Billard Thierry 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe synthesis of trifluoromethylselenolated aromatic molecules via an auxiliary‐assisted, palladium catalyzed, C−H bonds functionalization with trifluoromethyl tolueneselenosulfonate as reagent is described. The mono‐ or bis‐products can be preferentially formed. Some mechanistic investigations were realized to better understand the reaction. This methodology was also extended to fluoroalkylselenyl groups.
Unexpected toxicity of CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib and radiotherapy
Authors: van Aken Evert S. M. , Beeker Aart , Houtenbos Ilse , Pos Floris J. , Linn Sabine C. , Elkhuizen Paula H. M. , de Jong Monique C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors have recently been approved for the treatment of hormone receptor–positive and HER2‐negative metastatic breast cancer in association with endocrine therapy in postmenopausal women. Data on the interaction of CDK4/6 inhibition and radiotherapy are scarce, but some studies show unexpected toxicity.CasesWe report three cases of unexpected severe or prolonged soft tissue, skin, and gastrointestinal toxicity in patients treated with a combination of radiotherapy and the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib.ConclusionThese cases indicate a possible interaction between radiotherapy and palbociclib. Therefore, we recommend using radiotherapy cautiously when combined with CDK4/6 inhibitors.
A computationally intelligent neural network‐based nonlinear autoregressive exogenous balancing approach for real‐time processing in industrial applications using big data
Authors: Shafi Imran , Malik Zeeshan , Din Sadia , Jeon Gwanggil , Ahmad Jamil 
Published: June 2021

SummaryDeep learning based neural networks and their variants have gained popularity due to their inherent flexibility to handle unforeseen especially when a chaotic time series big data are required to be dealt with. There are innumerable applications that are beneficiary of vast interest in computational intelligent approaches that include but not limited to robotics, healthcare, transport, industrial, decision making, and gaming. This paper attempts to investigate the effectiveness of using a neural nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous inputs (NARX) controller in an emerging application field of balancing systems like inverted pendulum (IP) using big data. This paper's aim has been to control an IP cart system by designing a neural NARX controller, and the focus is primarily on real‐time processing in industrial applications grounded on big data ecosystems. In the proposed work, an IP system is mathematically modeled and first controlled utilizing a combination of classical proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) controllers for cart and pendulum. Second, a chaotic time series input–output data are obtained and are used to train two NARX controllers for cart and pendulum, respectively. Both the controllers are designed as single‐input single‐output systems with one layer each at input and output with suitable number of hidden layers and neurons. Performance comparison of NARX system behavior with PID controller indicates that the NARX controllers successfully adapt to two different kinds of unknown inputs and effectively stabilize the plant. Simulation results confirm that NARX controllers follow the training parameters and exhibit superior performance and overall system stability than PID control. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
The Dependence of Chemical Quantum Yields of Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis on the Irradiation Power
Authors: Reiß Barbara , Hu Qi , Riedle Eberhard , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite the great achievements of advanced photoredox catalysis for organic‐synthetic reactions, the literature is rather vague with respect to reaction quantum yields – the number of product molecules per absorbed photon. This stands in contrast to the clear and commonly used chemical yield as standard parameter to quantify the efficiency of chemical reactions. We applied an opto‐electronic device to measure the reaction quantum yields of a reference reaction in a rapid and facile way, which revealed that this parameter cannot be regarded as a single, isolated value. A so far undescribed strong dependence of the reaction quantum yield on the incident light power and the irradiation time was revealed. The light input even decides on the interplay of the closed photoredox catalytic cycle and the radical chain propagation. The reaction kinetics were modelled in full detail to obtain important insight into the general description of photoredox catalytic mechanisms.
Stakeholder engagement and corporate social reputation: The influence of exogenous factors on efficiency performance (stakeholder engagement and exogenous factors)
Authors: Solana‐Ibáñez José , Caravaca‐Garratón Manuel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article extends preliminary research with the aim of examining to what extent stakeholder engagement can lead to unfavorable outcomes in terms of corporate social reputation. A favorable perceived stakeholder image, does not necessarily lead to a positive reputation outcome. To evaluate this conceptual rupture, applied to the Defense sector, the use of two‐stage double bootstrap efficiency determinants, and stability analysis is proposed. The statistical significance of a group of exogenous factors implies that part of the observed performance is due to the environment. Their influence can either enhance or weaken reputation. In any case, knowledge of the underlying operating environment offers an opportunity for strategic action in Corporate Social Responsibility policy. The results show a statistically significant relationship of all the exogenous variables considered in each of the years. The most relevant result indicates a drag effect of stakeholders' perceptions on public institutions through perceived corruption.
Flight efficiency explains differences in natal dispersal distances in birds
Authors: Claramunt Santiago 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe factors responsible for variation in dispersal distances across species remain poorly understood. Previous comparative studies found differing results and equivocal support for theoretical predictions. Here I re‐examine factors that influence natal dispersal distances in British birds while taking into account the cost of transport as estimated from proxies of long‐distance flight efficiency. First, I show that flight efficiency, as estimated by the hand‐wing index, the aspect ratio, or the lift‐to‐drag ratio, is a strong predictor of dispersal distances among resident species. Most migratory species showed a similar pattern, but a group of species with relatively low aerodynamic efficiency showed longer‐than‐expected dispersal distances, making the overall trend independent of flight efficiency. Ecological, behavioral, and life history factors had a small or nil influence on dispersal distances, with most of their influence likely mediated by adaptations for the use of space reflected in flight efficiency. This suggests that dispersal distances in birds are not determined by adaptive strategies for dispersal per se, but are predominantly influenced by the energetic cost of movement.
If you can dream it, you can do it!—The role of sexual orientation in preferences toward boys' and girls' career orientation and gendered behaviour
Authors: Kántás Éva Magdolna , Faragó Laura , Kovacs Monika 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe argue that parental attitudes of (prospective) children's gendered behavior are influenced by sexual orientation and the given social climate. In Study 1 (N = 448), moderated mediations showed that sexual orientation predicted whether or not high‐status occupations are preferred for the (prospective) children through modern sexism. For girls, however, the perceived stability of the gender hierarchy moderated the effect of modern sexism. In an experiment (Study 2, N = 704), hierarchical regression analyses showed that in the case of gay people, modern sexism predicted boys’ preferred gendered behavior well. While, in the case of bisexual people, modern sexism (along with fear of backlash) predicted preferences for both boys’ and girls’ gendered behavior depending on the stability of the gender hierarchy. Unlike the other groups, in the case of straight people, modern sexism only predicted preferences regarding girls’ gendered behavior. Implications of the studies are discussed.
Cost–benefit analysis of traffic barrier geometric optimization, a hurdle machine learning‐based technique
Authors: Rezapour Mahdi , Ksaibati Khaled 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough it is well documented that optimized barrier dimensions would yield a benefit by enhancement of traffic safety, not many studies have been conducted quantifying how much money could be saved by enhancing barriers to their optimum heights, especially with the help of machine learning technique. Equivalent property damage only (EPDO) was considered as a response in the modeling to account for both aspects of crash frequency and severity. A hurdle model was developed to explore the impact of enhancing the geometric characteristics of barriers while accounting for zero inflation. The two components of the model, logistic regression and truncated negative binomial, could account for both abundance of zeroes and the skewed nature of non‐zero EPDO. The methodological approach provides a new understanding of the economic/monetary evaluation of an asset enhancement in the state with the help of machine learning technique. Our methodological approach provides the policy makers about the monetary benefit that they could expect by optimization of barriers heights. The analysis summarized in this paper will not only help Wyoming, but it provides other states with the justification of safety enhancement to their road barriers or assets.
Modularity patterns in mammalian domestication: Assessing developmental hypotheses for diversification
Authors: Wilson Laura A. B. , Balcarcel Ana , Geiger Madeleine , Heck Laura , Sánchez-Villagra Marcelo R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe neural crest hypothesis posits that selection for tameness resulted in mild alterations to neural crest cells during embryonic development, which directly or indirectly caused the appearance of traits associated with the “domestication syndrome” (DS). Although representing an appealing unitary explanation for the generation of domestic phenotypes, support for this hypothesis from morphological data and for the validity of the DS remains a topic of debate. This study used the frameworks of morphological integration and modularity to assess patterns that concern the embryonic origin of the skull and issues around the neural crest hypothesis. Geometric morphometric landmarks were used to quantify cranial trait interactions between six pairs of wild and domestic mammals, comprising representatives that express between five and 17 of the traits included in the DS, and examples from each of the pathways by which animals entered into relationships with humans. We predicted the presence of neural crest vs mesoderm modular structure to the cranium, and that elements in the neural crest module would show lower magnitudes of integration and higher disparity in domestic forms compared to wild forms. Our findings support modular structuring based on tissue origin (neural crest, mesoderm) modules, along with low module integration magnitudes for neural crest cell derived cranial elements, suggesting differential capacity for evolutionary response among those elements. Covariation between the neural crest and mesoderm modules accounted for major components of shape variation for most domestic/wild pairs. Contra to our predictions, however, we find domesticates share similar integration magnitudes to their wild progenitors, indicating that higher disparity in domesticates is not associated with magnitude changes to integration among either neural crest or mesoderm derived elements. Differences in integration magnitude among neural crest and mesoderm elements across species suggest that developmental evolution preserves a framework that promotes flexibility under the selection regimes of domestication.
Knowledge and Needs of Resident Physicians Regarding Osteoporosis: A Nationwide Survey of Residents
Authors: Crandall Carolyn J , Chen Lucia Y , Rodriguez Tyler D , Elashoff David , Faubion Stephanie S , Kling Juliana M , Shifren Jan , Skinner Lisa , Bauer Douglas C 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTLarge‐scale studies have not addressed the knowledge level of US resident physicians regarding osteoporosis management. We gauged the knowledge level of family medicine, internal medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology resident physicians regarding osteoporosis management. In 2019, we sent an anonymous survey via e‐mail to all program directors of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited residency programs in family medicine, internal medicine, and obstetrics and gynecology for distribution to resident physicians. Knowledge items assessed osteoporosis screening, diagnosis, and treatment. We received responses from 182 family medicine, 275 internal medicine, and 122 obstetrics and gynecology programs. Of 582 resident physician respondents, 31% were family medicine residents, 47% were internal medicine residents, and 21% were obstetrics and gynecology residents. Although 77% of respondents correctly selected the T‐score threshold for the diagnosis of osteoporosis among persons aged 50 years and older (−2.5), only 20% of respondents correctly identified minimal‐trauma hip fracture as being diagnostic of osteoporosis. One‐third of respondents correctly identified which medications were demonstrated in clinical trials to decrease hip fracture risk. Fifteen percent of respondents correctly identified that denosumab and alendronate are associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw; and 40% of respondents correctly identified that decline in bone density is more rapid after discontinuation of denosumab than after discontinuation of bisphosphonates. Less than half of resident physicians knew that bisphosphonate‐associated atypical femoral fractures are duration‐dependent. One‐quarter of respondents felt not at all prepared to manage osteoporosis. In this nationwide survey of resident physicians, knowledge regarding osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment was poor, with a striking lack of knowledge regarding the two most serious adverse effects of osteoporosis pharmacotherapy (osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fractures). The undertreatment of osteoporosis is unlikely to improve without increased education of resident physicians. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Design and preparation of metal‐based carbon nanosheets for C–O bond cleavage in the absence of external H2
Authors: Chen Changzhou , Zhou Minghao , Jiang Jianchun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA facile yet sustainable approach for the production of Ni3S2‐doped ultrathin carbon nanosheets in one‐pot with very thin thickness of 30 nm was reported. Reaction of nickel nitrate hexahydrate, sodium lignosulfonate with boric acid could produce ultrathin carbon nanosheets. In comparison with the conventional method for the synthesis of Ni3S2‐doped ultrathin carbon nanosheets, this reaction did not require second vulcanization step. Sodium lignosulfonate was used as carbon and sulfur source. Boric acid was used as 2D template and it could also be readily recycled for repeated use by simply evaporative crystallization. Ni3S2‐doped ultrathin carbon nanosheets was expected to be an excellent catalyst for C–O bond cleavage under 260°C through catalytic transfer hydrogenation process. In addition, the optimal catalyst could also be recovered in the end.
Low SARS‐CoV‐2 seroprevalence in a cohort of Brazilian sickle cell disease patients: Possible effects of emphasis on social isolation for a population initially considered to be at very high risk
Authors: Trafane Luiza Francisco , da Costa Vitor Antonio , da Silva Santos Duarte Adriana , Zangirolami Audrey Basso , Proenca‐Modena José Luiz , de Melo Campos Paula , de Souza Medina Samuel , Saad Sara Terezinha Olalla , Addas‐Carvalho Marcelo , Benites Bruno Deltreggia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDespite being initially considered at higher risk for severe COVID‐19, sickle cell disease (SCD) patients have mostly presented clinical severity similar to the general population. As their vulnerability to become infected remains uncertain, we assessed the seroreactivity for SARS‐CoV‐2 to estimate the prevalence of infection and possible phenotypic and socioeconomic determinants for their contagion. Serologic evaluation was performed on 135 patients with an overall prevalence of 11%; positivity was associated with older age and use of public transportation. We speculate that social distancing instructions recommended by our clinic may have contributed to lower levels of infection, but potential protection factors need further investigation.
Climatological analysis of freezing level height over China and its implications using homogenized in‐situ data
Authors: Guo Yanjun , Wang Guofu , Chao Qingchen 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTFreezing level height (FLH) is the altitude of a location where the air temperature is 0°C. The FLH denotes the approximate position for water phase transitions from liquid (or vapour) to solid but not vapour to liquid. Based on temperature and height data on the ground surface to heights with an atmospheric pressure of 400 hPa, the monthly FLH at 118 radiosonde stations located in China are derived for the 1958–2017 period. The monthly and annual climatology during 1981–2010 and the seasonal, intra‐annual and decadal variabilities of the FLH during 1958–2017, along with its long‐term trends, were quantitatively evaluated at the regional scale and for individual stations. FLH climatology is generally related to season, zone and topography. The annual FLH anomalies decline initially, followed by a rise, with synchronous changes in the temperature in the lower and middle troposphere; the anomalies in south‐eastern China are partly associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation events. The increasing trends of FLH are closely associated with tropospheric warming and show evident regional and seasonal differences. Stronger increasing trends are observed in northern and western China in autumn or winter (particularly in recent decades). The changes in FLH have implications on long‐term trends in equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of glaciers in Tianshan Mountains, snow cover extent in melt season and hail frequency in China especially in high‐elevations. During recent decades, the evolution of the FLH and major composition in the cryosphere has accelerated as a response to tropospheric warming. The study on FLH change can provide valuable information for the evaluation of glaciers, snow cover extent and hail frequency in China from a new perspective; which is helpful for understanding regional hydrological processes and climate changes better. Further application of FLH in cryosphere monitoring can improve water management and flood forecasting in headwater regions in China.