bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of musculoskeletal symptoms, rheumatologic disorders, and disability in the Zoroastrian population in Yazd, Iran: a WHO-ILAR COPCORD study (stage 1)
Authors: Dehghan Ali , Soleimani Salehabadi Hossein , Jamshidi Ahmadreza , Kamali Zohre , Mali Mojgan , Faezi Seyedeh Tahereh , Baghdadi Azarakhsh , Alesaeidi Sogol , Sahraei Fatemeh , Azizi Niloufar , Zand Sanaz , Yasini Sara Sadat , Namazi Maryam , Daya Atefe , Nazemian Ryan , Shamsi Farimah , Nejadhosseinian Mohammad , Davatchi Fereydoun 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints, rheumatologic diseases, and disability among the Zoroastrian population in Iran.

Methods
The city of Yazd, in central Iran was selected for this study, with the highest population of Zoroastrians in Iran. Subjects were selected by cluster sampling of 9 neighborhoods populated with Zoroastrians. Subjects ≥15 years old were interviewed by trained interviewers in their houses. The validated Farsi translation of Community Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Disease (COPCORD) Core Questionnaire (CCQ) was used for this study. Subjects with musculoskeletal complaints (pain, stiffness and/or swelling) were examined by a rheumatologist. Laboratory tests and radiographic exams were performed when deemed necessary.

Results
Two-thousand subjects were interviewed during a 12-month period, of which 956 were male, and 1044 were female. The mean age was 41.1 ± 18.3 years (95%CI: 40.3–41.9). 36.9% of the subjects had university-level education. In the 7 days prior to the interview, 27.6% of the subjects had musculoskeletal complaints, with the knee, dorsolumbar spine, and shoulder being the most common sites of complaints. The most common rheumatologic diagnoses were osteoarthritis (21.5%) and low back pain (10.3%). Rheumatoid arthritis was diagnosed in 1.2% of the subjects.

Conclusions
The epidemiology of musculoskeletal complaints and rheumatologic disorders was inconsistent with previous COPCORD studies in Iran, with a lower prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in general, lower rates of Behçet and lupus, and a higher prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis. The findings of this study can be for development of better prevention, screening, and treatment programs for the vulnerable population of Zoroastrians in Iran.
Biological control strategy for postharvest diseases of citrus, apples, grapes and strawberries fruits and application in Indonesia
Authors: Dwiastuti Mutia Erti , Soesanto Loekas , Aji Titistyas Gusti , Devy Nirmala Friyanti , Hardiyanto  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
In Indonesia, the postharvest fruit loss is 25%, so the economic loss from the export of various fruits is estimated at US$ 58,966,861. One of the causes for the loss is postharvest pathogens. Postharvest fruit rot is caused mainly by fungi, some of which produce mycotoxins harmful to human health. Therefore, in meeting the global food safety requirements, Indonesia should develop a biological control strategy for postharvest fruit diseases. This paper is a review based on observations, a literature review of postharvest biological control of citrus and other subtropical fruits, and an overview of strategies and prospects for their application in Indonesia.

Main body
The pathogens that cause diseases on citrus fruits, apples, grapes, and strawberries in Indonesia produce mycotoxins, namely Fusarium sp., Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., and Alternaria sp. The potential biological agents are from the yeast group, such as the Candida genera, the bacterial group, such as the Bacillus and Pseudomonas genera, and the fungal group, such as the Muscodor and Trichoderma genera.

Conclusion
Through mutually additive and synergistic multiple reduction methods in cooperation with the vanguards, postharvest disease control emphasizes disease prevention using several methods. Each method reduces the percentage of damage by a certain amount to produce highly effective controls.
Sodium Deoxyribonucleate Prevents Radiation Cystitis in Uterine or Cervical Cancer Patients
Authors: Skopin P. , Ivashin A. , Skopina Yu. , Kozina Yu. , Zukov R. , Siprov A. , Slepov E. 
Published: November 2021

Results: To develop a method for reducing the frequency and severity of early radiation reactions in patients with cancer of the uterus or cervix.
Material and methods: We analyzed the results of treatment of 60 patients with cancer of the uterus and cervix, patients received a postoperative course of external beam radiotherapy combined with the intramuscular administration of the Derinat® radioprotector (sodium deoxyribonucleate); in the second arm, they received a postoperative course of external beam radiotherapy and standard therapy in case of radiation cystitis. The assessment of radiation reactions severity was performed with the EORTC QLQ-C30 criteria, WBC count, IPSS scale, urine analysis and cystoscopic examination evaluated with the developed by us scale.
Results: Evaluation of the quality of life in patients with cervical or uterine cancer at the final stage of treatment using the IPSS scale showed that in the arm of patients with sodium deoxyribonucleate, there was a 30.4 % (p> 0.05) decrease in the symptoms of urinary disorders. The use of the radioprotector sodium deoxyribonucleate also statistically significantly reduced the incidence of radiation cystitis by 73 %. According to cystoscopy, the total bladder injury score at the end of treatment was 147 % lower. The number of leukocytes in the urine analysis at the end of treatment was 116.3 % lower (p≤0.01) in those who received sodium deoxyribonucleate
Conclusion: The data obtained indicate the radioprotective efficacy of sodium deoxyribonucleate and make it possible to recommend its intramuscular administration to patients with cancer of the uterus and cervix against the background of external beam radiation therapy to reduce the frequency and severity of acute radiation cystitis in patients with cancer of the uterus or cervical cancer receiving external beam radiation therapy.
Rompiendo esquemas lgtbq+: el caso de Netflix. Análisis de los discursos lgtbq+ de Élite, La maldición de Hill House y Las escalofriantes aventuras de Sabrina
Authors: Florit Sara Luna 
Published: October 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo reside en analizar los discursos lgtbq+ ofrecidos por Netflix en las series de Élite, La maldición de Hill House y Las escalofriantes aventuras de Sabrina. Primero se analizan las facilidades de la plataforma para apostar por contenido original con narrativas y personajes lgtbq+, como es el caso de las tres series protagonistas. En segundo plano, se ponen sobre la mesa todos los personajes lgtbq+ de dichas series. A través de un análisis discursivo y las herramientas del enfoque interseccional, se examina la idiosincrasia de los seis protagonistas a partir de las siguientes cuestiones: la relevancia lgtbq+ de su trama, un análisis interseccional, un estudio del uso del lenguaje alrededor de dicho sujeto y una evaluación de su evolución. En conclusión, puede afirmarse que las tres series son representaciones lgtbq+ positivas y comprometidas con el colectivo; pues se escapan de las miradas hegemónicas que caracterizan el paradigma televisivo actual.
El mito y lo digital en la ciencia de la comunicación: una revisión de alcance
Authors: Dravet Florence Marie 
Published: October 2021

Las reflexiones sobre el mito, la mitología y el pensamiento mítico en la cultura se ubican en la encrucijada de diversas disciplinas como la antropología, la historia, la filosofía y la literatura. Las ciencias de la comunicación pueden utilizar este conocimiento para pensar en las narrativas mediáticas, las transformaciones de la comunicación digital, el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la comunicación y nuevos formatos en la producción, circulación y consumo de narrativas. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar cómo se trata el mito en la producción científica, más reciente en comunicación, y qué relaciones se establecen entre el conocimiento del mito y las características de la comunicación digital. Se realiza una revisión de alcance, basada en Scopus y Web of Science. Se establece un mapa de la distribución geográfica de las publicaciones, se identifican las palabras clave recurrentes y luego se identifica una mirada analítica al contenido de los artículos. Se advierte que el mito a veces se trata como una oposición a la realidad y a veces como una representación simbólica. Finalmente, se analizan en profundidad siete artículos para adoptar un enfoque teóricamente coherente de la noción de mito. Los resultados apuntan a un vacío por llenar sobre el mito y la cultura digital. Los estudios imaginarios se pueden aplicar mejor en enfoques científicos para estudiar el fenómeno de los medios y sus transformaciones en la era digital.
Fabrication of three-layer silicon antireflection structures in
200–450  GHz using deep reactive ion etching
Authors: Hasebe Takashi , Hayashi Tasuku , Shohmitsu Yoshinori , Nitta Tom , Matsuo Hiroshi , Sekimoto Yutato 
Published: November 2021

We
developed broadband
antireflection structures for millimeter-wave and submillimeter-wave
applications, particularly cryogenic applications. The structures were
fabricated on silicon using deep reactive ion etching.
Three-layer subwavelength structures were fabricated on both sides of
a silicon plate with an area of

20

m
m

2

. The transmittances of the structures
were measured at 28 K. The average transmittance was 97.6% in the
frequency range of 200–450 GHz.
The Social Construction of Perceptual Categories
Authors: Consiglio Francesco 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this article I shall argue that the categories a subject employs to codify her perceptions are emergent elements of the social niche her community inhabits. Hence, I defend the claim that categories are primarily elements of the social ontology a certain subject experiences. I then claim that public representations (e.g. icons) shared in a social niche play a crucial regulative role for the members of that community: in fact, they offer a rule (a canon) to conceive a certain type or a certain category, e.g. ‘movement’, ‘time’ or ‘space’. In this sense, categories function as normative elements.
Why Are Federal Meth Sentences Getting Longer?
Authors: Smith Jake J. 
Published: November 2021

While sentence lengths for most federal drug trafficking offenses have decreased in recent years, methamphetamine sentences are moving in the opposite direction, lengthening by 12% between FY2015 and FY2019. Using data from the U.S. Sentencing Commission and other sources, I consider several possible reasons for this increase. I conclude that four recent trends have jointly produced longer meth sentences: (1) drug volumes have increased, (2) the criminal history of the average offender has become more extensive, (3) weapon enhancements and charges have become more common, and (4) cases have grown increasingly likely to be sentenced as high-purity “ice” or by “actual” meth content, which carry much more punitive mandatory and guideline minimums than meth mixture.
How much of the increase in sentence lengths has been attributable to shifting case characteristics (e.g., growing drug volumes, changing criminal histories, and increased weapons use) versus efforts to charge and pursue offenses that carry greater penalties? I use USSC data to conduct several simulations estimating how sentence lengths would have evolved if all meth cases were sentenced as the same meth type. I predict that the average meth trafficking sentence would have lengthened by 27–33% less, or 3.3–4.0 fewer months, if all cases were sentenced as the same meth type but all other case attributes remained unchanged. The remainder of the growth is attributable to case and offender characteristics. However, this prediction assumes that relief and leniency decisions would not change if statutory and guideline minimums were altered; to allow for this possibility, I run another set of simulations, taking these possible offsetting effects into account. My latter simulations predict that trafficking sentences might have increased 13–16% less than they did in reality, a smaller magnitude than my initial estimates.
I briefly consider the underlying reasons for these trends. Some, but not all, of the changing offense characteristics may be linked to the recent shift to Mexican methamphetamine production. The timing of the shift in meth type charged suggests it may largely be the result of a change in Justice Department charging policy enacted in 2017; this shift cannot be attributed to any change in drug purity.
The Impact of Tax and Expenditures Policies on Income Distribution: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Khan Suhrab , Padda Ihtisham Ul haq 
Published: November 2021

Tax and social expenditure policies have a crucial role in income distribution. This study explores the potential role of taxation and social expenditure policies in income redistribution in South Asia. For this purpose, empirical analysis is conducted by Fixed Effect (FE) and Instrumental Variable (IV) FE models. The analysis suggests that both taxation and social expenditures policies effectively reduce income inequality in South Asia. These findings indicate that social spending and taxation can be used as a policy tool to redistribute income in developing countries. The results also indicate that higher social spending, increased direct taxes, and more reliance on foreign debts can ameliorate the income distribution. Based on the results, it can be suggested that for this region, with the low level of taxes, direct taxes, a large informal economy, and other weak features of tax administration, more reliance on direct taxes and social expenditure policies should be the primary tool for income redistribution.JEL Classification: H2, H5, I3How to Cite:Khan, S., & Padda, I. U. H. (2021). The Impact of Tax and Social Expenditure Policies on Income Distribution: Evidence from South Asia. Etikonomi, 20(2), xx – xx. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v20i2.18121.
The relationship between leisure satisfaction, physical activity level and healthy life-style behaviors of sport science students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Özkan Ali , Yaşartürk Fatih , Elçi Gürkan 
Published: October 2021

Background and Study Aim. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between leisure satisfaction, physical activity levels and healthy life-style behaviors of sport science students during the COVID-19 pandemic in distance education.
Material and Methods. In total, 218 sport science students participated in this study voluntarily. The short form of International Physical Activity Questionnaire was administered for the determination of physical activity level of distance education students. Their physical activity levels were categorized as inactive, minimally active, and physically active by using Metabolic Equivalent Term method. Health-promoting Life-style Profile Questionnaire was used with self-actualization, health responsibility, exercise, nutrition, interpersonal support, and stress management subscales. The leisure satisfaction scale was administered for the determination of leisure satisfaction.
Results. Results of Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Analyses indicated that there were positive significant correlations between “HLSB” and three sub-dimensions of “IPAQ” (MIA, VIA and Total). It was found positive correlation between “HLSB” and all sub-dimensions of “LSS” (Psychological, Educational, Social, Relaxation, Physiological and Aesthetical). Also, a significant positive correlation was found between four sub-dimensions of “LSS” (Social, Relaxation, Physiological and Aesthetical) and one sub-dimensions of “IPAQ” (W). It was observed that one sub-dimensions of “LSS” which is “Aesthetical”, and a positive correlation between all sub-dimensions of “IPAQ” was found.
Conclusions. The findings of the present study indicated that healthy life-style behaviors were indicators of LSS and IPAQ and also aesthetical was found between IPAQ of sport science students.
An Investigation of the Impact of Manipulation of Task Complexity on Cognitive Processes Into Both NS and Second Language Learners
Authors: Mukhrib Adnan 
Published: November 2021

This study takes as its basis a recognition that task-based learning is now recognized as having major benefits in promoting L2 learning, and how cognitive load affects speech production. In addition, there has been a recent examination of the impact of task complexity, real-world meaning, and the overall cognitive load needed to be expended by students. Different task types have been evaluated in terms of how they improve aspects of language. However, less consideration has been given to the effect on the cognitive load of different task types with the speech production processes (conceptualization, input, output identification, monitoring, and reformulations). Drawing on data collected from 112 participants (56 Native Speakers, 56 Non-Native Speakers) who completed a series of tests of varying complexity and were asked to evaluate on a rating scale, the level of mental effort expended. The results indicated that complexity increases mental effort and thus cognitive load, and that conceptualization appears to be one area where greater effort is required before being able to problems solving. Formulation comments suggest that there was a high level of hesitation, self-checking, and assessment as the level of task complexity increased. The implications for teaching and syllabus design are also considered.
The Relationship Between Infertility, Stress, and Quality of Life with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Infertile Women
Authors: Roozitalab Sahar , Rahimzadeh Mitra , Mirmajidi Seyed Roghieh , Ataee Mina , Esmaelzadeh Saeieh Sara 
Published: November 2021

Background: The infertility experience and its treatment are accompanied by the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was determining the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder and quality of life and the infertile women’s stress.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study, 172 infertile women were divided in four groups. Convenience sampling was done and eligible infertile women referred to Qafqaz Infertility Center in Iran were included in the study. The data was collected between January and March 2019 through posttraumatic stress disorder checklist, The Fertility Quality of Life (FertiQoL) questionnaire, and Newton's infertility stress questionnaire. Pearson correlation, linear regression analysis, and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied for data analysis with a significance level of 0.05.
Results: The results of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that there was no significant relationship between the type of treatment (p=0.548) and the reception of psychological intervention (p=0.450). In addition, the results of Pearson correlation showed that there was an inverse significant relationship between the total score of posttraumatic stress disorder and quality of life (r=-0.91, p<0.001) and a direct relationship between the total score of posttraumatic stress disorder and level of stress (r=0.56, p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that 41.3% of the infertile women had the symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Due to the relationships of posttraumatic stress disorder with the quality of life and infertility stress, providing regular designed psychological interventions is recommended for infertile individuals.
Depression Among Infertile Men in the Gaza Strip, Palestine: The Neglected Aspect of Fertility Care
Authors: Baloushah Suha , Elsous Aymen , Eid Soha Abu , Zaqout Hanan , Muhammad Ibrahim Fatima , Shawish Mohammed Abu 
Published: November 2021

Background: Infertility is a worldwide public health problem and affects psychological aspects of males’ and females’ life. However, the problem has not been well investigated in Palestine. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine prevalence and predictors of depression among infertile men in the Gaza strip.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among three hundred eighty five infertile males from January to December 2019. Participants were selected from three main in-vitro fertilization (IVF) centers following simple random sampling. The Arabic version of Beck Depression Inventory was used. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using the SPSS V22. Binary analysis was done to determine independent variables and t-test and one-way ANOVA were conducted afterwards. Logistic regression was performed to determine independent factors associated with depression symptoms. The p-value of 0.05 or less was considered statistically significant.
Results: Findings showed that 42.6% (164/385) of infertile men had at least one type of depression. Severe depression was presented in 16.6% (64/164) of participants, while 13.2% (51/164) and 12.7% (49/164) showed moderate and mild depression, respectively. Predictors for depression were duration of marriage (>8 years) (CI 95%: 1.099-2.615) and at least one IVF attempt (CI 95%: 0.373-0.873).
Conclusion: It has been revealed that depression is prevalent among infertile men. Marriage of long duration and several failures in IVF attempts are predictors for depressions. Psychological counseling besides medical interventions seems to be an optimal strategy to alleviate psychological distress associated with infertility.
Hidden trauma: Men’s non-disclosure of female perpetrated partner violence in selected communities of Limpopo Province
Authors: Kgatle Mankwana Othilia , Mafa Prudence 
Published: October 2021

Purpose of the study: The current study was aimed at exploring men’s non-disclosure of intimate partner violence at Sekhukhune District in Limpopo Province, South Africa.
Methodology: Qualitative research methodology and exploratory research design were applied to successfully explore heterosexual men’s non-disclosure of intimate partner violence. A non-probability sampling of blended convenience sampling and snowball sampling was employed. Data was collected using a semi-structured interview guide with open-ended questions and was analysed through thematic analysis of qualitative data.
Main findings: This study found that male victims of partner violence hide their situations. Determinants of non-disclosure were found to include men’s personal feelings of fear to disclose, masculinity factors, societal expectations, and cultural norms, which negatively affect men’s decisions to disclose. Avoidance of possible harm and judgement from others appeared to influence non-disclosure.
Novelty/originality of the study: The findings of the study raise concern for lack of knowledge on violence against men. Social services professionals can use the findings to advocate for male victims’ rights and use the same resources aimed at helping female victims to provide protection and psychosocial assistance to male victims. The public needs to be made aware that women are not the only victims of IPV and as such be educated about the vulnerability of male victims.
Profesionalización Difusa: Prácticas de Diseño y Tendencias
Authors: Knop Fabiola , García de la Cárcova Alejo 
Published: November 2021

El Proyecto de Investigación 3.5 retoma los desafíos ya iniciados en los Proyectos de Investigación 3.3 y 3.1 en relación a lo difuso en las disciplinas del diseño objetual y virtual desde una mirada a la vez local y global. Los posibles escenarios inter y multidisciplinarios que han derivado de la formación a la profesionalización del diseño, dan cuenta de una práctica en permanente metamorfosis; atenta a las tendencias, como así también a los (no) materiales y tecnologías, que corren permanentemente los límites. A su vez, las ramificaciones de posibilidades que el diseño permite –partiendo de su endogamia pero siempre en relación con lo exogámico– demuestran cómo la práctica profesional puede ser inabarcable, desde una perspectiva prospectiva de múltiples posibilidades.