bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of bioimpedance-defined overhydration parameters on mortality and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yajie , Gu Zejuan 
Published: September 2021

Objective To evaluate the role of bioimpedance-defined overhydration (BI-OH) parameters in predicting the risk of mortality and cardiovascular (CV) events in patients undergoing dialysis. Methods We searched multiple electronic databases for studies investigating BI-OH indicators in the prediction of mortality and CV events through 23 May 2020. We assessed the effect of BI-OH indexes using unadjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Sensitivity analysis was used for each outcome. Results We included 55 studies with 104,758 patients in the meta-analysis. Extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) >0.4 (HR 5.912, 95% CI: 2.016–17.342), ECW/intracellular water (ICW) for every 0.01 increase (HR 1.041, 95% CI: 1.031–1.051), and OH/ECW >15% (HR 2.722, 95% CI: 2.005–3.439) increased the risk of mortality in patients receiving dialysis. ECW/TBW >0.4 (HR 2.679, 95% CI: 1.345–5.339) and ECW/ICW per increment of 10% (HR 1.032, 95% CI: 1.017–1.047) were associated with an increased risk of CV events in patients undergoing dialysis. A 1-degree increase in phase angle was a protective factor for both mortality (HR 0.676, 95% CI: 0.474–0.879) and CV events (HR 0.736, 95% CI: 0.589–0.920). Conclusions BI-OH parameters might be independent predictors for mortality and CV events in patients undergoing dialysis.
Hepatitis B Viral Markers in the Human Milk of HBsAg-Positive Mothers: An Observational Study
Authors: Huang Hongyu , Ning Mingzhe , Feng Jing , Chen Jie , Dai Yimin , Hu Yali , Zhou Yi-Hua 
Published: September 2021

Background: Quantification of viral antigens and viral loads in human milk samples from mothers infected with hepatitis B virus is largely unknown. Research Aim: The aim of the study was to quantitatively measure the levels of viral antigens and deoxyribonucleic acid of hepatitis B virus in human milk from mothers infected with hepatitis B virus. Methods: Fifty-five pairs of milk and serum samples from mothers with positive hepatitis B surface antigen, including 11 hepatitis B e antigen positive, were quantitatively tested to measure viral antigens by microparticle enzyme immunoassay and viral loads by real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Results: The median level of hepatitis B surface antigen in the human milk samples of mothers with positive or negative hepatitis B e antigen was each lower than that in the sera, respectively (1.10 vs. 4.32 log10 IU/ml, t = 10.693, p < .001; -0.77 vs. 2.53 log10 IU/ml, t = -25.135, p < .001). The titers of hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis B e antigen in the human milk samples were each correlated with that in maternal serum. The detectable level of deoxyribonucleic acid of hepatitis B virus in human milk ranged from 1.42–5.27 log10 IU/ml, whereas that in maternal sera was 1.44–8.66 log10 IU/ml. The viral level in human milk was not correlated with that in maternal circulation. Conclusion: The present study data illustrate the relatively low titers of viral markers in the milk of mothers with positive hepatitis B surface antigen.
Cranial Ultrasound in Preterm Neonates of Gestational Age 28 to 34 Weeks: A Single Centre Experience From Western India
Authors: Mehta Charul , Rana Urvashi 
Published: September 2021

Context: Intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia, the common brain injuries in premature infants, are major causes for early death in the neonatal period and later motor and cognitive disabilities. This study was undertaken to find out the incidence of normal cranial ultrasound (CUS), normal variants, and abnormal CUS findings. Evidence Acquisition: This prospective, observational study was conducted at Neonatal ICU, Department of Paediatrics, Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, over a period of 2 years from September 1, 2014, to August 31, 2016. Detailed history, examination, and risk factor assessment was done for all 180 subjects. The neonates were subjected to cranial ultrasound during admission and on follow-up. Results: Upon sonographic evaluation, 125 (69.44%) neonates had normal ultrasound, 34 (18.90%) had normal variants, and 21 (11.66%) had abnormal cranial ultrasound findings. The predominant normal variants observed were cavum septum pellucidum (18; 10%) and choroid plexus cyst (11; 6.1%). The most common abnormality detected was intraventricular hemorrhage (15; 8.3%) and was found to have a clinically significant correlation with surfactant use and with mechanical ventilation ( P value < .05). Follow-up scans could be performed on 70 subjects out of which 2 had normal variants and 3 had abnormal CUS findings. Conclusion: Establishing institutional CUS scanning protocols will go a long way in decreasing morbidity and mortality in preterm neonates.
Coping Through COVID-19: A Mixed Method Approach to Understand How Palliative Care Teams Managed the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Finuf Kayla D. , Lopez Santiago , Carney Maria T. 
Published: September 2021

Objective: While previous work documented a substantial increase in patient mortality consultations and workload for palliative teams, little is known about how these team members managed their mental and physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated how job resources (coworker and supervisor support) and personal resources (coping strategies) reduced perceptions of burnout and increased perceptions of well-being. Method: An anonymous electronic survey was sent to all members ( N = 64) of the palliative medical team among 14 hospitals of a New York State health system. Data were collected between September 2020 to October 2020. Measures included validated scales for burnout (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory), coping strategies (Cybernetic Coping Scale), subjective well-being (BBC Subjective Well-being scale), and coworker/supervisor support (7 items from Yang et al). Results: Results indicated devaluation coping tactics were used to reduce perceptions of burnout and to increase perceptions of physical health. Higher burnout was identified when using avoidance coping techniques. Furthermore, coworkers and supervisor(s) support significantly reduced disengagement when compared to coworker support alone. Conclusion: COVID-19 exacerbated burnout experienced by palliative care teams, yet the use of coping behaviors (devaluation/avoidance) and external resources (coworker and supervisor support) utilized by these teams were found to have positive effects. Further research should investigate these antagonizing factors to help preventing and addressing burn out during times of crises and in the everyday of palliative care teams.
Progressive macular ischemia in retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy
Authors: Kuo Che-Yuan , Lin Po-Kang , Soong Bin-Wen , Chen Shih-Jen 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: We present a case of retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy and review the usefulness of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in the assessment of long-term outcomes. Case description: A 31-year-old woman developed sudden-onset scotoma in her right eye. Fundus examination and fluorescein angiography showed a patch of soft exudate and capillary nonperfusion in the posterior pole and outside the vascular arcades. OCT-A revealed that the initial vessel density (VD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) of the right eye were 32% and 49.2%, respectively. Interestingly, over time, the VD of the SCP and DCP gradually decreased to 23.1% and 26.2%, respectively. In contrast, the initial VD of the SCP and DCP of the left eye were both stable at 44.3% and 56.2%, respectively, and only decreased slightly to 39.3% and 45.7%, respectively, over time. The average VD loss of the SCP and DCP, assessed over 1 year, was 8% and 13%, respectively, in the right eye, and 3% and 6%, respectively, in the left eye. Conclusion: Based on this case report, in which we demonstrated a long-term decline in VD of the macula in a young woman with mild retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy, we suggest that there is a potential and valuable role for OCT-A in this rare disease.
Complete manuscript title: Neurological complications from sinugenic orbital cellulitis
Authors: Chaturvedi Ritu , O’Rourke Michael , Rostron Egle , Cook Anne , Dharmasena Aruna 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: This study was undertaken with an aim to identify any common factors or trends among patients of orbital cellulitis that developed neurological complications. Methods: A 24-month retrospective review of patients was undertaken to include those showing clinical deterioration and neurological complications on radiological imaging, after being treated for orbital cellulitis at Manchester Royal Eye Hospital. The study specifically looked at the site of orbital collection, sinus involvement, types of neurological complications and whether these were detected at initial presentation, surgical input and microbiology findings. Results: Nine patients (9/26) developed associated neurological complications during the study period. (February 2018 and January 2020) This included subdural empyema in six patients; leptomeningeal enhancement in two and septic emboli in one patient. All the patients had associated significant pan-sinusitis at initial presentation. Neurological complications were detected in three patients at the time of admission and after clinical deterioration and further investigations in the rest. Conclusion: A superior orbital abscess and Streptococcus mileri infection had higher risk of neurological complications. It is worth debating whether patients with chronic sinusitis who develop orbital cellulitis need earlier surgical input rather than a conservative treatment. Patients who fail to improve clinically need to be re-imaged to look for possible neurological complications.
Assessing diagnosis disclosure and concealment in multiple sclerosis: Development and initial validation of the DISCO-MS survey
Authors: Kever Anne , Leavitt Victoria M 
Published: September 2021

Background: Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) regularly report making strategic decisions about whether to share their diagnosis or keep it a secret; for many, this represents a key stressor. Surprisingly, the impact of disclosure and concealment are understudied in MS and a formal measurement instrument is lacking. We developed the Diagnosis Disclosure and Concealment in MS (DISCO-MS) survey, a self-assessment tool evaluating (1) frequency of concealment behaviors and (2) expected consequences of diagnosis disclosure in persons with MS. Methods: A systematic mixed-methods process was used for the design and initial validation of the DISCO-MS. Associations of DISCO-MS responses to demographics, clinical variables, and mood were examined in 204 participants with MS. Results: The 39-item DISCO-MS shows good psychometric characteristics. Approximately 25% of respondents conceal their diagnosis, particularly in professional settings. Higher concealment behaviors were associated with younger age, shorter disease duration, and lower physical disability. Nearly 50% of respondents believed that talking openly about their diagnosis might have undesirable professional and interpersonal consequences. Younger age, higher depression, and higher anxiety were associated with greater expectations of negative consequences. Conclusion: Development and validation of the DISCO-MS presents the first step toward systematic study of the impact of DISCO on people with MS.
Black Male Executives in Higher Education: The Experience of Ascending the Academic Leadership Ladder
Authors: Sparkman Torrence E. 
Published: September 2021

The Problem The current pipeline supplying qualified and competent leaders to the upper ranks of higher education appears to prelimit the number of Black males who reach executive status. Even though many universities and colleges remain resolute in increasing diversity, social, and structural barriers block access and restrict executive development. This study focuses on the leadership and career advancement of Black male executive leaders in predominantly White institutions (PWI’s) of higher education. The Solution This qualitative, phenomenological examination of the lived experiences of 10 Black male, executive leaders in predominantly White institutions of higher education describes what it is like for them to persist in their leadership roles despite negative experiences that are related to their social identity. The findings reveal how their existence in racialized environments has impacted their leadership approach and the trajectory of their careers. The Stakeholders The stakeholders are Black academics seeking or holding executive leadership roles in higher education; HRD scholars and practitioners.
Surgical Survival Benefits With Different Metastatic Patterns for Stage IV Extrathoracic Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A SEER-Based Study
Authors: Chao Ce , Qian Yongxiang , Li Xihao , Sang Chen , Wang Bin , Zhang Xiao-ying 
Published: September 2021

Background: With the knowledge of oligometastases, primary surgery plays an increasingly vital role in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. We aimed to evaluate the survival benefit of primary surgery based on metastatic patterns. Materials and Methods: The selected patients with stage IV extrathoracic metastatic (m1b) non-small cell lung cancer between 2010 and 2015 were included in a retrospective cohort study from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Multiple imputation was used for the missing data. Patients were divided into 2 groups depending on whether surgery was performed. After covariate balancing propensity score (CBPS) weighting, multivariate Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier survival curve were built to identify the survival benefit of different metastatic patterns. Results: Surgery can potentially increase the overall survival (OS) (adjusted HR: 0.68, P < 0.001) of non-small cell lung cancer. The weighted 3-year OS in the surgical group was 16.9%, compared with 7.8% in the nonsurgical group. For single organ metastasis, surgery could improve the survival of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Meanwhile, no significant survival improvements in surgical group were observed in patients with multiple organ metastases. Conclusion: The surgical survival benefits for extrathoracic metastatic non-small cell lung cancer could be divided by metastatic pattern.
The stigma of digital amputation: a survey of amputees with analysis of risk factors
Authors: Bettlach Carrie Roth , Gibson Ella , Daines John M. , Payne Emma R. , Vuong Linh N. , Merrill Corinne M. , Pet Mitchell A. 
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to quantify the stigma associated with digital amputation and examine factors associated with it. One hundred and sixty-four digital amputees completed the Neurological Quality of Life-Stigma questionnaire and a battery of Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System instruments. Multivariable analysis examined factors associated with stigma experience. The mean observed stigma score of 47 (SD 8, range 36–64) was similar to the mean value of the normal population. Younger age, a worker’s compensation claim and depression were each independently associated with a more severe experience of stigma after digital amputation. Socioeconomic variables, anatomical details and mechanism of injury were not independently associated with stigma. Digital amputation is not highly stigmatizing overall. Surgeons should consider referring at-risk patients to a mental health provider for support during the coping and adjustment process after amputation. Level of evidence: III
Revisiting Healing Environments: Islamic Interior Elements in Hospital Rooms in North Africa
Authors: Gashoot Moamer M. 
Published: September 2021

Background: A predominant notion among researchers is that hospital room design and decor are subject to the designer’s expression of self, which is contrary to evidence-based studies showing that design and decor can impact patient health. The aim of this study was to examine whether improvement in quality of healthcare provided in hospitals could be achieved through the convergence of expertise of healthcare professionals and hospital room designers. Methods: This was a prospective study to identify the impact of hospital interior design features with a focus on single occupancy rooms. Volunteers were recruited through advertisements and the study was conducted at the Tripoli Medical Center. Responses were analyzed using a three-dimensional computer-aided design software to help respondents accurately map their preferences and visualize outcomes. Results: Participants preferred an aesthetically pleasing hospital room environment that included art and bright colors, window views, and the need for personalization, technology, mobility, and flexibility, all of which improved satisfaction and happiness. Of these, participants’ preference for technology as a cause for satisfaction and happiness was a novel finding. Conclusion: Designers of hospital room interiors should plan and create an appealing single occupancy room for increasing user satisfaction and patient wellness.
Stroke Incidence and Outcome in a Population With COVID-19
Authors: Alkhalifah Moayd M. , Banda Ramzi , Alqudihy Shukri , Qureshi Shireen , Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A. 
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose: COVID-19 is associated with systemic thromboembolism including stroke. The study evaluated the 30-days stroke incidence in SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive patients and described the outcome of such patients. Methods: This is a retrospective study of consecutive patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test between March 1st, 2020 and August 30th, 2020. The study included COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized and had a stroke within 30 days from the positive PCR test. Results: During the study period, there were 4301 patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test. Of those, 1786 patients (41.5%) were hospitalized and 4 patients developed a stroke within 30 days. The 30-days stroke incidence was 0.09% and 0.2% of all and hospitalized patients, respectively. The mean age of stroke patients was 78 years and 2 died during the same hospitalization. The 4 patients had comorbidities, one had pre-existing atrial fibrillation and all had ischemic stroke. Conclusion: This study showed a low 30-day incidence of stroke among COVID-19 patients.
Open Source Software for Automatic Subregional Assessment of Knee Cartilage Degradation Using Quantitative T2 Relaxometry and Deep Learning
Authors: Thomas Kevin A. , Krzemiński Dominik , Kidziński Łukasz , Paul Rohan , Rubin Elka B. , Halilaj Eni , Black Marianne S. , Chaudhari Akshay , Gold Garry E. , Delp Scott L. 
Published: September 2021

Objective We evaluated a fully automated femoral cartilage segmentation model for measuring T2 relaxation values and longitudinal changes using multi-echo spin-echo (MESE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We open sourced this model and developed a web app available at https://kl.stanford.edu into which users can drag and drop images to segment them automatically. Design We trained a neural network to segment femoral cartilage from MESE MRIs. Cartilage was divided into 12 subregions along medial-lateral, superficial-deep, and anterior-central-posterior boundaries. Subregional T2 values and four-year changes were calculated using a radiologist’s segmentations (Reader 1) and the model’s segmentations. These were compared using 28 held-out images. A subset of 14 images were also evaluated by a second expert (Reader 2) for comparison. Results Model segmentations agreed with Reader 1 segmentations with a Dice score of 0.85 ± 0.03. The model’s estimated T2 values for individual subregions agreed with those of Reader 1 with an average Spearman correlation of 0.89 and average mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.34 ms. The model’s estimated four-year change in T2 for individual subregions agreed with Reader 1 with an average correlation of 0.80 and average MAE of 1.72 ms. The model agreed with Reader 1 at least as closely as Reader 2 agreed with Reader 1 in terms of Dice score (0.85 vs. 0.75) and subregional T2 values. Conclusions Assessments of cartilage health using our fully automated segmentation model agreed with those of an expert as closely as experts agreed with one another. This has the potential to accelerate osteoarthritis research.
General Caspase Inhibition in Primary Chondrogenic Cultures Impacts Their Transcription Profile Including Osteoarthritis-Related Factors
Authors: Vesela Barbora , Zapletalova Martina , Svandova Eva , Ramesova Alice , Doubek Jaroslav , Lesot Hervé , Matalova Eva 
Published: September 2021

Objective The knowledge about functions of caspases, usually associated with cell death and inflammation, keeps expanding also regarding cartilage. Active caspases are present in the growth plate, and caspase inhibition in limb-derived chondroblasts altered the expression of osteogenesis-related genes. Caspase inhibitors were reported to reduce the severity of cartilage lesions in osteoarthritis (OA), and caspase-3 might represent a promising biomarker for OA prognosis. The objective of this investigation was to decipher the transcriptomic regulation of caspase inhibition in chondrogenic cells. Design Limb-derived chondroblasts were cultured in the presence of 2 different inhibitors: Z-VAD-FMK (FMK) and Q-VD-OPH (OPH). A whole transcriptome RNA sequencing was performed as the key analysis. Results The analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in the expression of 252 genes in the FMK samples and 163 genes in the OPH samples compared with controls. Conversely, there was a significant decrease in the expression of 290 genes in the FMK group and 188 in the OPH group. Among the top up- and downregulated genes (more than 10 times changed), almost half of them were associated with OA. Both inhibitors displayed the highest upregulation of the inflammatory chemokine Ccl5, the most downregulated gene was the one for mannose receptors Mrc1. Conclusions The obtained datasets pointed to a significant impact of caspase inhibition on the expression of several chondro-/osteogenesis-related markers in an in vitro model of endochondral ossification. Notably, the list of these genes included some encoding for factors associated with cartilage/bone pathologies such as OA.