bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pre‐pregnancy BMI, physical activity and resting energy expenditure predicts body composition in pregnancy
Authors: Begum Fatheema , Colman Ian , McCargar Linda , Bell Rhonda C , APrON Study Team  
Published: June 2021

A high proportion of women exceed gestational weight gain (GWG) recommendations, but the body composition of women and factors influencing these changes are not explicit. The study objective was to describe the association between pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI), lifestyle factors, resting energy expenditure (REE) and fat mass (FM) accretion during pregnancy. Pregnant women (n=600) were measured 2–3 times during pregnancy; data on weight, body composition (skin folds), diet (24 hour recall) and physical activity (questionnaire) were collected. Data was analysed by linear mixed regression. Women with normal and overweight BMI gained similar amounts of total FM while obese women gained less FM and had a slower rate of FM accretion (p<0.01). Sports score was inversely associated with FM (p<0.01), while REE was positively associated with FM (p<0.01). In longitudinal analyses, overweight and obese women had lower sports scores (p<0.05) and higher REE (p<0.01) compared to women with normal BMI. Energy and macronutrient intake did not differ among BMI groups. Energy intakes in overweight and obese women were less than their estimated energy requirements (p<0.01). Effective intervention programs promoting optimal GWG should account for variations in individual woman's energy expenditure. Future studies estimating energy intake requirements during pregnancy according to pre‐pregnancy BMI are warranted.Grant Funding Source: Alberta Innovates‐Health Solutions
Reliability of adipose tissue quantification using water suppressed and non‐water suppressed MRI in obese women
Authors: Spencer Matthew D , Pineda Jesica N , Haller Sarah F , Moran Raksa B , Lorenzo Santiago , Bernhardt Vipa , Bassett J Todd , Weatherall Paul T , Babb Tony G 
Published: June 2021

Evaluating fat distribution is important in the study of obesity; this requires valid, reliable measures of visceral (V) and subcutaneous (sQ) adipose tissue. This study compares V, sQ and total (T=V+sQ) adipose tissue using water suppressed (i.e., fat only; FO) and non‐water suppressed (NWS) MRI, and establishes test‐retest reliability on these measures.20 obese women (36 ± 6 yr; 36 ± 6 kg•m−2) underwent FO and NWS scans to quantify V, sQ, and T adipose tissue at the 2nd/3rd lumbar vertebra. NWS and FO scans were analyzed twice (test‐retest), starting with threshold determination (partitioning fat/non‐fat pixels).Test‐retest reliability was high (r>;0.99) for NWS values of V, sQ and T. V was similar (p>;0.05; r>;0.99) between NWS (0.117±0.054) and FO (0.118±0.057 kg). Small differences (p<0.05) were observed between NWS and FO for sQ (mean Δ: 0.012±0.012 kg; r>;0.99) and T (0.013±0.022 kg; r>;0.99). Test‐retest reliability of FO revealed minor differences (p<0.05) for V (mean Δ: 0.003±0.007 kg), sQ (0.001±0.003 kg) and T (0.005±0.010 kg; r>;0.99 for all); these were associated with differences in user‐determined threshold (V: r=−0.94; sQ: r=−0.89; T: r=−0.94). Differences were abolished (p>;0.05) when FO images were re‐analyzed (n=10) using original thresholds.NWS and FO provide similar and reliable estimates of V, sQ and T in obese women. Thus, FO offers a reliable, convenient alternative to NWS.
Systemic fatty acid uptake and skeletal muscle inflammatory pathway activation may contribute to the variability in insulin sensitivity found in obesity
Authors: Van Pelt Douglas W. , Newsom Sean A. , Schenk Simon , Horowitz Jeffrey F. 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to identify factors that may underlie differences in insulin sensitivity (Si) among a seemingly homogeneous cohort of obese women. We measured insulin sensitivity (IVGTT), basal fatty acid rate of disappearance (Rd), whole‐body fat oxidation, and performed a muscle biopsy in 21 obese women. Si was inversely related to fatty acid Rd (R2=0.21; P=0.04). We then compared a subset of these subjects with the lowest Si (LOW; = 2.1 (mU/L) −1·min−1; n=7) with a subset who had relatively normal Si (NORM; = 3.4 (mU/L) −1·min−1; n=8). Despite nearly identical adiposity and oxidative capacity in LOW vs NORM (BMI: 34±2 vs 34±1 kg/m2; %body fat: 48±1% vs 47±1%; waist circumference: 104±2 vs 104±2 cm; VO2max: 2.2±0.2 vs 2.3±0.1L/min), fatty acid Rd was nearly 40% greater in LOW (P=0.02). Activation of inflammatory pathways known to impair insulin action in skeletal muscle was also higher in LOW vs NORM (i.e. higher phosphorylated JNK, lower IκBα abundance; both P<0.05). In contrast, LOW and NORM exhibited no differences in systemic markers of inflammation (i.e. TNFα, IL‐6, MCP‐1), basal whole‐body fat oxidation, and intramyocellular lipid concentrations. In summary, increased fatty acid uptake may activate inflammatory pathways in skeletal muscle, which in turn may contribute to differences in Si among obese women who were otherwise largely indistinguishable.Grant Funding Source: ADA (#1–03‐JF‐10) and NIH (#R01 DK077966)
Redox Regulation of eicosanoid metabolism is critical for the resolving inflammation in experimental colitis
Authors: KAUSHAL NAVEEN , Kudva Avinash K , Patterson Andrew D , Cantorna Margherita , Prabhu Sandeep 
Published: June 2021

Increased levels of pro‐inflammatory lipid mediators called prostaglandins (PGs), particularly PGE2 in patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) indicates its critical role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, resolving inflammation by therapeutic strategies that can reduce PGE2 levels are promising to treat UC. Recently, we have reported that Se as a part of redox regulatory proteins can resolve inflammation by modulating the cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) dependent PG synthesis pathways. The aim of the present study is to dissect the redox sensitive inflammatory metabolic pathways leading to PGE2 inactivation that can help in the resolution of inflammation. Currently, we demonstrated that in a DSS induced experimental colitis model Se supplementation (0.4 and 1.0ppm), which is above the adequate limits (80ppb), completely relieved the classical signs of colitis‐associated inflammatory markers such as TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IFN‐γ. A concomitant increase in the expression of 15‐PGDH in the colons of these mice indicated that Se by regulating the metabolic pathways of pro‐inflammatory PGs can mitigate the inflammatory processes in IBDs. Studies in macrophage‐selenoproteins specific genetic knockouts indicated their critical role in activating resolution pathway of inflammation. Current study addresses the central role of redox equilibrium in the inflammatory processes associated with UC and the approaches to manipulate these redox networks to treat IBD. Understanding the role of Se in the resolution of inflammation and the molecular mechanisms underlying such protective effects of functional foods can be used as an adjunct therapy in colitis.Grant Funding Source: NIH
Depolymerized cranberry proanthocyanidins attenuate TNFα‐induced inflammation in human adipocytes and induce paraptosis‐like cell death in HepG2 hepatoma cells
Authors: Okla Meshail , Ou Keqin , Gu Liwei , Chung Soonkyu 
Published: June 2021

Cranberries are rich source of proanthocyanidins (PAC) that possess plethora health benefits including anti‐proliferative and anti‐inflammatory activities. However, 85% of PAC in Cranberries exist as polymers which cannot be absorbed. Recently, we have developed a depolymerization procedure to convert PAC polymers into absorbable oligomers. The aim of this study was to determine novel functions of depolymerized cranberry proanthocyanidins (dPAC). First, we evaluated the anti‐inflammatory potential of dPAC in primary human adipocytes. Our data showed that dPAC 1) reduced adipose‐derived stem cell differentiation in a dose‐dependent manner, 2) dampened the basal and TNFα‐stimulated pro‐inflammatory gene expressions and 3) inhibited MAP‐kinase ERK and JNK activation. Next, we assessed the anti‐proliferative and apoptotic potentials of dPAC on hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Our data showed that dPAC effectively 1) reduced proliferation, 2) increased autophagy and 3) induced paraptosis‐like cell death in HepG2 cells. Collectively, dPAC exerted unique anti‐inflammatory effects in unmodified cells, and anti‐proliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects in modified cancer cells.Grant Funding Source: University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences
Docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation reduces growth of basal‐like and claudin‐low breast cancer subtypes in obese mice
Authors: Ford Nikki Ann , Barnett Kelsey , Hursting Stephen D 
Published: June 2021

The prescription drug Lovaza® contains ethyl esters of the marine based omega 3 fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 38% w/w) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA; 47%) which play major roles in inflammation, cell membrane fluidity and cell signaling. The effects of omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation on ER‐negative basal‐like and claudin‐low breast tumors, which are aggressive subtypes with poor prognoses, are not well characterized. Furthermore, the ability of EPA and DHA to offset the enhancing effects of obesity on these cancers is unknown. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed either a control (AIN‐76A) diet, diet‐induced obesity regimen (DIO; 60 kcal % fat diet), or DIO diet + Lovaza (2.5g / kg) for 6 weeks. All mice were then orthotopically injected with a tumor cell suspension derived from MMTV‐Wnt‐1 mammary tumors (Wnt‐1 basal‐like) or a clonal isolate from the same tumors shown to have a molecular profile similar to human claudin‐low breat tumors (M‐Wnt claudin low). Tumors were allowed to grow until one or more tumors reached 1 cm in diameter in any direction and then mice were killed and tumors were paraffin embedded or snap frozen for further analysis. Wnt‐1 and M‐Wnt mammary tumor weight was significantly reduced by Lovaza supplementation in obese mice in parallel with enhanced cellular apoptosis. This work was supported by a Breast Cancer Research Foundation Grant and Glaxo‐Smith Kline donated the Lovaza® capsules.Grant Funding Source: Breast Cancer Research Fund
Association between metabolic syndrome and serum vitamin D concentration in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft
Authors: ROMANELLI MASSIMILIANO MARCO CORSI , Dozio Elena , Dogliotti Giada , Barassi Alessandra , Vianello Elena , Malavazos Alexis Elias , D'Eril Gianlodovico Melzi 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin D (VitD) concentration is suggested to be associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome (MS) and increased cardiovascular disease risk. In this study we evaluated 25‐OH‐VitD level in patients affected by coronary artery disease undergoing coronary artery bypass graft and we studied its association with MS.Blood samples of patients and healthy controls (C) were collected to measure 25‐OH‐VitD level by direct competitive immunoluminometric assay. A complete biochemical blood profile and anthropometric measures were also taken.Patients displayed lower 25‐OH‐VitD level compared to C. Patients were then classified as having or not MS according to ATPIII criteria. In the MS group 25‐OH‐VitD level resulted lower than in the group without MS. Patients were also subdivided in three groups according to 25‐OH‐VitD level (VitD deficiency: < 20 ng/mL; VitD insufficiency: 20–30 ng/mL; VitD adequate level: >; 30 ng/mL). Patients with VitD deficiency displayed increased fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, insulin resistance and lower HDL‐cholesterol. The percentage of patients with MS resulted also higher in this group.In conclusion, although in patients with advanced coronary artery disease a general reduction in VitD level has been observed, it seems that this reduction resulted strongly related to the presence of MS.DiaSorin S.p.A.,Vercelli, Italy
Oxidation of SERCA2 at cysteine 674 increases ER stress during hind limb ischemia in mice
Authors: Mei Yu , Thompson Melissa D. , Silver Marcy , Cohen Richard A. 
Published: June 2021

Reversible glutathione adducts on the cysteine 674 (C674) thiol of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) stimulate Ca2+ uptake activity, endothelial cell (EC) angiogenic signaling, and migration. This study was to determine if oxidation of SERCA C674 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress affects angiogenesis during hind limb ischemia. SERCA2 C674 serine mutant heterozygote knock in (SKI) mice, lacking one allele for the redox‐regulated C674 thiol, had impaired blood flow recovery after femoral artery ligation. Immunostaining demonstrated increased SERCA C674 thiol oxidation in microvascular endothelium of ischemic limbs, and double staining revealed increased BIP expression co‐localized with the EC marker isolectin B4. Staining was greater in SKI compared with WT, indicating thiol oxidation or mutation in ischemia is associated with ER stress activation. Western blotting showed ER stress markers p‐PERK and CHOP were greater in both non‐ischemic and ischemic SKI limbs compared to WT. Cultured SKI microvascular ECs showed smaller Ca2+ stores, and higher basal and hypoxia‐induced levels of BIP and CHOP. Collectively, these data suggest that lack of the SERCA C674 thiol caused by oxidation or mutation increases EC ER stress. Thus, oxidation of SERCA2 C674 and associated Ca2+ store depletion and ER stress during hind limb ischemia may contribute to impaired angiogenesis.Funding NIH RO1 HL31607
THE ANTAGONISM OF TRPV1 RECEPTORS PREVENT THE CARDIOVASCULAR CHANGES DURING SEPTIC SHOCK
Authors: Alves Fernando Ferrari , dos Reis Daniel Gustavo , Resstel Leonardo , Correa Fernando Morgan 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionDuring sepsis there are changes in the cardiovascular system that is characterized by a drop in blood pressure (BP), an increase in heart rate (HR). It has been descript that during the septic shock the endocannabinoid system is active and in high concentrations they could act in vaniloids receptors (TRPV1). Moreover the endocannabinoids, acting in TRPV1 receptors are potent vasodilators, however, your participation has not been fully studied in the septic shock induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP).MethodsWistar rats had a radio‐telemetry probe introduced in a descendent aortic to measure cardiovascular activity. At the same time the sepsis was induced by CLP. The TRPV1 antagonist SB366791 in a dose of 2ml/kg was injected intravenous immediately after the end of surgery and the cardiovascular parameters is measured by 8h. Institution's Animal Ethics Committee (N‐082/2010)ResultsThe intravenous treatment with SB366791 a TRPV1 antagonist did not alter the (BP) or (HR), PAM (97±4 vs 96±3 mmHg; t= 0.6, p>;0.05 n=5) and HR (343±4 vs 345±4 bpm; t=0.2; p>;0.05). The treatment with SB366791 was able to decrease the fall in (BP) (F(1,294)= 88, p<0.0001) and the increase in (HR) (F(1,294)=17, p<0,0001) during the septic shock caused by CLP.ConclusionsThe present results indicate that the TRPV1 participate in the genesis of cardiovascular changes during septic shock caused by CLP.
Effect of charcoal treatment on rats with adenine‐induced chronic renal failure
Authors: Ali Badreldin H. , Al Za'abi M. , Waly M. I. , Ramkumar A. , Madanagopal T. , Lawati I. , Nemmar A. 
Published: June 2021

Charcoal, the black residue comprising of carbon and ashes, produced by slow pyrolysis of biological substances, has been used to cure toxicity by binding to the toxic substance and precluding its absorption by the gastro intestinal tract, thereby, preventing the toxicity caused by oral ingestion. In this work we analyzed the effect of charcoal given in the feed at concentrations of 5%, 15% or 20% in rats with adenine‐induced chronic renal failure (CRF). Eight groups, of six rats each, were treated with normal feed (controls), 0.75% adenine in feed, charcoal 5%, 15% or 20%, either alone or with adenine for 28 consecutive days. At the end of the treatment, samples of urine, blood and kidney were collected from all the rats to measure several biochemical, structural and functional parameters. The results showed that adenine induced changes in urine, plasma and kidney tissues of rats typical of CRF. These changes were significantly ameliorated by charcoal given at a concentration of 20%. The mitigation of toxicity induced by lower doses of charcoal was not statistically significant. The results suggest that charcoal (20%) is a useful sorbent agent in adenine‐induced CRF in rats.This work was supported by SQU.
Enhancements in mossy fibers long‐term potentiation (LTP) are neurotrophin‐specific.
Authors: Jimenez‐Nunez Esther Angelica , Thompson Kenira , Porter James 
Published: June 2021

In addition to a clearly defined role of BDNF (Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor) in cell survival and differentiation, this neurotrophin has recently been implicated in hippocampal plasticity, including LTP. Interestingly, the mossy fiber projection to pyramidal cells in area CA3 of the hippocampus contains the highest concentration of BDNF in the CNS (Danzer and McNamara, 2004). Also, BDNF administration results in CA3 hyperexcitability in response to mossy fiber stimulation (H.E. Scharfman et al. 1996). BDNF dramatically enhances mossy fiber field potentials and LTP in vitro (Jiménez et al 08). In vivo BDNF infusions enhance mossy fiber LTP and result in neurogenesis at the mossy fiber synapse (Gomez‐Palacio‐Schjetnan and M. Escobar et al., 2008). Previous work found that BDNF mRNA is upregulated in the hippocampus following in vivo mossy fiber LTP (Thompson et al. 2003). In this study we addressed the question of whether other neurothrophins such as NT3 and NGF are involved in LTP at the mossy fiber synapse. Using a hippocampal slice preparation, we recorded field potentials at CA3 pyramidal cells following high frequency stimulation (HFS; 2 trains 100 Hz, 1 sec duration) of the mossy fiber pathway, and observed the effects of bath application of BDNF (concentration 200 ng/ml). In addition, we recorded field potentials at CA3 pyramidal cells following HFS of the mossy fiber pathway and observed the effects of micropipette application of NT3 (200ng/ml), a tyrosine kinase C (trkC) activator, and NGF (200ng/ml), a tyrosine kinase A (trkA) activator. We found that BDNF alone resulted in mossy fiber LTP, and this effect was further enhanced if BDNF was bath applied prior to HFS whereas enhancement of LTP was not observed following application of NGF or NT3. Our results indicate that BDNF plays a specific role on synaptic plasticity and LTP at the mossy fiber synapse.Supported by: RCMI (8G12MD007579–27), MBRS‐RISE program (NIH‐NIGMS: R25GM082406)
Expression and functions of inositol monophosphatase (IMPA) in seawater (SW)‐acclimated euryhaline teleosts
Authors: Cramb Gordon , Kalujnaia Svetlana , Gellatly Steven , Hazon Neil , Villasenor Alfredo , Yancey Paul 
Published: June 2021

Organic osmolytes are essential for cell volume regulation in SW‐acclimated euryhaline teleosts. Inositol is an essential osmolyte for osmoregulation in both eels and tilapia. De novo synthesis of inositol is dependent on inositol monophosphatase (IMPA), which de‐phosphorylates inositol phosphate produced from glucose 6‐phosphate by myo‐inositol phosphate synthase. In most species, two IMPA genes (IMPAs 1 and 2) with slightly different kinetics and tissue expression profiles have been characterised. As a result of tandem and whole genome duplication events, teleost fish express up to six IMPA isoforms, although in most species some isoforms have been lost during evolution. In the eel, three IMPA1 and two IMPA2 isoforms, and in tilapia four IMPA1 isoforms have been identified which exhibit differential tissue expression. The IMPA1.1 isoform predominates in the major osmoregulatory tissues of the eel, and its expression is upregulated when fish enter SW. Although IMPA1.3 is the most abundant isoform in all tilapia tissues, again it is only IMPA1.1 expression that is increased after SW transfer. In both species, increases in tissue inositol levels are responsible for cell volume regulation in response to the increased extracellular salinity. The volume regulatory effects of inositol are particularly important in tissues directly exposed to the SW environment, such as the gills, skin and fin.Funding: NERC, UK
Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Intermittent Hypoxia Induced Sympathoexcitation
Authors: Eubank Wendy L , White Daniel , Moralez Gilbert , Kay Victoria , Watenpaugh Donald E , Raven Peter B 
Published: June 2021

The mechanism by which OSA affects the cardiovascular system remains unknown. In healthy adults, acute intermittent hypoxic apnea (IHA) is associated with a sustained increase in muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) with and without changes in mean arterial pressure (MAP). Centrally generated oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis of OSA. It is probable that the increases in central sympathetic outflow (CSO) are centrally generated reactive oxygen species (CROS) mediated by CROS scavenging the central nitric oxide (CNO) which dampens CSO.To investigate the role of CROS in IHA induced sympathoexcitation. We tested the hypothesis that pretreatment with N‐Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) will completely suppress the IHA induced increase in CROS and blunt the increase in CSO following 20 min of IHA.In 5 healthy adults, age 40 ± 19 yrs, ht 180 ± 14 cm, wt 89 ± 14 kg muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was recorded from the peroneal nerve prior to during and following a 20 minute IHA induction of sympathoexcitation following oral ingestion of 7mg/Kg of N‐Acetylcysteine (NAC).Total MSNA was not significantly different pre‐ to post‐IHA with pretreatment of NAC (2539.274 ± 489.981 au Pre‐IHA and 2728.709 ± 727.913 au Post‐IHA).We conclude that NAC pretreatment attenuated the previously demonstrated elevation in total MSNA and burst frequency after intermittent hypoxia. NIH Grant # HL106431
Recovery of disuse‐induced loss of muscle oxidative phenotype is associated with alternative NF‐κB signaling during reloading
Authors: Remels Alexander , Pansters Nicky , Gosker Harry , Schols Annemie , Langen Ramon 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUNDLoss of skeletal muscle oxidative phenotype (OXPHEN) upon mechanical unloading is evident. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in reloading‐induced recovery of muscle OXPHEN remain unclear. Interestingly, the alternative NF‐κB pathway was recently identified as a novel positive regulator of muscle OXPHEN.METHODSWe investigated markers and key regulators of muscle OXPHEN, including the alternative NF‐κB pathway, in m. gastrocnemius of mice upon hind limb suspension/reloading (HLS/RL).RESULTSExpression levels of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) sub‐units and oxidative myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms I and IIa decreased after HLS and increased rapidly upon RL. Expression levels of PGC‐1α and PGC‐1β as well as mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam) showed a similar response to HLS/RL. Although peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPAR‐γ), nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF‐1) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT‐1) levels remained unaltered upon HLS, they were potently induced during the RL phase. Moreover, upon RL, levels of IKK‐α increased and phosphorylation and subsequent processing of P100 to P52 was elevated indicative of alternative NF‐κB activation.CONCLUSIONRL‐induced recovery of muscle OXPHEN is associated with potent activation of the alternative NF‐κB pathway.This study was sponsored by the Netherlands Asthma Foundation (NAF 3.2.09.068)