bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of albumin and aspartate levels as a simple indicator of the efficacy of cryopreservation
Authors: C. S. Sushrutha , K. Sandhya , Karlwad Savitha , E. M. Elango 
Published: January 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The process of hepatocytes cryopreservation is standardised by most of the laboratories. However there is a variation with respect to the Protocols, media and equipments used amongst the laboratories. Similarly, the tests available to evaluate the efficacy also varies. They are expensive and sometimes might not measure the parameter required for a particular research study. Hence we propose a methodology to study the few basic parameters like cell viability, synthetic function of the cell and cell stability. We have also used a simple percentile calculation to know the efficacy of cryopreservation. This shall help in functional validation of the cell after cryopreservation. The same can also be used to compare the quality of hepatocytes between different batches. The objective of the study was to characterisation of the cells to determine the efficacy of cryopreservation.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Two step collagen isolation method was used to isolate the hepatocytes. Initial cell viability was calculated. A sample of cells were taken for characterisation and the remaining cells cryopreserved. The sample cells were divided into two batches one for pre cryopreservation culture and the other for post cryopreservation. The pre cryopreservation culture was done on monolayer using collagen coated 6 well plate. The other sample was placed in the cryovials for cryopreservation for 1week. After 1 week the cryopreserved cells were thawed and the post cryopreservation viability calculated, followed by post cryopreservation culture. During the process of culture (both pre cryopreservation and post cryopreservation) for 5days Albumin was measured daily and average calculated, peak Aspartate (AST) at 24 hours was recorded. The percentile difference of the obtained values between the pre cryopreservation and post cryopreservation culture was calculated.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 12 specimen were enrolled for the study. The mean pre cryopreservation viability of the cells was 66.58%. The post cryopreservation, viability of the cells was 36.43%. The mean difference was -30.170%. The pre cryopreservation albumin values had a mean of 150ng/ml. The post cryopreservation albumin values had a mean of 135.83ng/ml. The mean difference was -14.170ng/ml. The pre cryopreservation peak Aspartate values had a mean of 234.17 IU/ml. The post cryopreservation peak aspartate values had a mean of 230 IU/ml. The mean difference was -4.176 IU/ml.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This simple method can validate the cells after cryopreservation by measurement of cell viability, synthetic function of the cell and cell stability.</p><p> </p>
Iran's National Health Information Network: Developing an Architectural Model
Authors: Mohammadpour Ali 
Published: January 2021

Aim: This study was conducted to develop a model for the architecture of Iran's National Health Information Network (NHIN).
Method: In this study, based on the literature review, the necessary information was obtained about the concept of the architecture of the NHIN; then, documents related to NHIN architecture in the United States and the United Kingdom were collected. In the second stage, according to the information obtained in the previous stage and considering the structure of Iran's health system, an architectural model for the NHIN of Iran was presented. Then, the Delphi technique was used to validate the proposed architecture.
Results: The proposed architecture of the NHIN of Iran includes three dimensions of nodes or network members, ' 'member's interfaces, and finally, communication with the environment (confidentiality and security). 90% of the experts evaluated each dimension of the proposed architecture on an acceptable scale. In general,, the proposed architecture was evaluated by 90% of experts on an acceptable scale.
Conclusion: In proposing the architecture of Iran's NHIN, attention was paid to the experiences of the two leading countries, approaches to NHIN design, and the structure of Iran's health system. However, the proposed architecture is critical and can be used for the countries whose health system structure is almost similar to Iran.
Outbreak of Leaf Miner and Root Knot Nematode-wilt Disease Complex on Cucumber- A New Threat under Protected Cultivation in District Gurugram Haryana
Authors: Singh Neetu , Jat Manoj Kumar , Singh Bharat 
Published: January 2021

Background: Crops are constantly exposed to various organisms feeding on above and belowground parts under both natural and protected conditions. As compare to open field, the warm and humid conditions besides abundant food under protected conditions provide a stable environment for pest and disease development either alone or together. However, the natural enemies i.e. predators, parasites and parasitoids that keep pests and pathogens under control naturally are not present under protected environment. For these possible reasons, pest and pathogens often develop in polyhouses more rapidly and with greater severity than open fields.Methods: A polyhouses study was carried out during last two months June and July in Patudi block of district Gurugram, Haryana where growers are facing failure of cucumber crop due to outbreak of insect pests- disease complexes on common host cucumber. On closer observation, symptoms of leaf miner as mining lines on leaves and galls or knots on roots the symptoms of root knot nematode were encountered. Further detailed lab based investigation were carried out on affected cucumber plant and root samples with the objective for isolation and identification of both pests and pathogens. For leaf miner morphological identification, the pattern of the feeding tunnel and the layer of the leaf being mined by leaf miner is one of the diagnostic key are useful to determine the species and instar of the leaf miner. However, Sieving and decantation method for nematode isolation and soil dilution method for fungal isolation were carried out and followed by morphological identification. Result: Two types of herbivore i.e. leaf miner Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) on aerial parts while root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica and wilt causing fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum were identified on the basis of their specific morphological characters. Galled roots of cucumber were affected by combined attack of vascular bundle feeders, root knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica and wilt causing fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum identified in both soil and root samples. This kind of field report on cucumber crop under protected cultivation has not been reported so far in which three types of pest and pathogens are feeding on the same host. Poly houses or ‘hot spots’ are selected for detailed investigation especially for growers’ friendly management in addition to interaction studies of upper and lower ground herbivores on cucumber crops.
White Rust Albugo candida (Pers.) Kuntze, 1797 in Horseradish Crops (Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn., B. Mey. and Scherb., 1800) in the South of the Far East and Measures to Control it
Authors: Matsishina N.V. , Volkov D.I. , Fisenko P.V. , Boginskaya N.G. , Sobko O.A. , Gisuk A.A. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Horseradish is a valuable agricultural crop with gastronomic and medical significance. It contains mono- and polysaccharides, protein compounds and organic acids, minerals and starch, as well as a rich vitamin complex. Unfortunately, horseradish diseases are still insufficiently studied, while crop losses from them can be quite significant. The purpose of our study was to determine the composition of pathogenic fungi on horseradish Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn., B.Mey. and Scherb. and to develop measures to combat them. Methods: The research was carried out on horseradish “Atlant” varieties in the plantings of the of FSBSI “Far East Federal Research Center of agrobiotechnology n.a. A.K. Chaika” at 2019-2020. Studies of phytopathogens were carried out in the field conditions and in vitro. Microscopy was performed using Levenhuk D740T, 5,1 MP. Lifelong injuries photofixation was performed using Sony SAL1855. Processing of the microscopy results was carried out using Outfi, PluriIQ, CellProfiler software. In the experiment to study the agent fungicidal efficacy against horseradish diseases, we used: Acrobat WG, Bravo SC, Zummer SC, Consento SC, Infinito SC, Topaz EW, Ordan SP, Thiovit Jet WG, Rajok EW, Proton Extra RG, Ridomil Gold MZ RG. The agents were diluted in doses of 10%, 30% and 70% of the recommended dose, the index of conidia occurrence was calculated, phytotoxicity was carried out. Result: For five iterations, the greatest fungicidal activity was demonstrated by the Acrobat WG, Topaz EW and Proton Extra WG agents. The maximum effectiveness was observed for the agent Ridomil Gold MZ WG. The lowest efficiency was shown by the Infinito SC, Consento SC, Ordan SP, Thiovit Jet WG agents. No phytotoxic effect was found in any of the agents.
Um estudo com autoridades de monitoramento do sistema eletrônico do serviço de informação ao cidadão (e-sic)
Authors: Morais Luciana de , Paiva Eliane Bezerra 
Published: January 2021

Introdução: Considerado atributo de uma sociedade contemporânea mais democrática, igualitária e justa, o acesso à informação é um direito constitucionalmente garantido a todo cidadão. Objetivo: Assim, este estudo foi realizado com profissionais vinculados ao Sistema Eletrônico do Serviço de Informação ao Cidadão (e-SIC), objetivando conhecer o perfil do (a) gestor (a) desse serviço, bem como sua satisfação em relação ao desempenho de suas funções profissionais nesse ambiente de trabalho. Metodologia: Quanto aos procedimentos metodológicos, a pesquisa caracteriza-se por sua natureza, predominantemente, qualitativa do tipo descritiva. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionários. Resultados: Entre os objetivos alcançados na pesquisa, destaca-se o perfil dos profissionais responsáveis pelo gerenciamento do e-SIC: a maioria tem entre 41 e 50 anos, é do sexo feminino, pertence a diferentes profissões, como, por exemplo, advogado e delegado, e atua de um a dois anos nesse ambiente de trabalho. Conclusão: Verificou-se, também, que, apesar das barreiras encontradas, os (as) gestores (as) do e-SIC desempenham suas funções satisfatoriamente e consideram o Sistema como uma ferramenta de poder entre a sociedade e o setor público, o que possibilita mais controle e comunicação social e contribui significativamente com a população.
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in the Snow Cover of the Northern City Agglomeration&nbsp;
Authors: Kozhevnikov Aleksandr , Kosyakov Dmitry , Falev Danil , Sypalov Sergey , Kozhevnikova Irina 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The 13 priority PAHs were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed in snow samples collected at 46 the crossroads of a large city in northern Europe - Arkhangelsk. The HPLC analysis revealed that the range of Σ13PAH concentrations detected in snow. The average, maximum and minimum values were respectively 167.7; 664.5 and 16.0 ng / kg snow. The average toxic equivalent quantity varied is 3.6 ng / kg, which is three times less than the established maximum permissible concentration. The sources of pollution origin were assessed using PAHs markers. The urban agglomeration of Arkhangelsk is not contaminated with anthropogenic PAHs. The markers identified pyrogenic sources of emission. Regression analysis was carried out to find correlations between the presence of benzo(a)pyrene and other PAHs in snow samples. We found that benzo(a)pyrene has a very high correlation with high molecular weight PAHs and has no correlation with low molecular weight PAHs. The quality of the snow polluted is satisfactory.
Using the Biopsychosocial Model for Identifying Subgroups of Detained Juveniles at Different Risk of Re-offending in Practice: a Latent Class Regression Analysis Approach
Authors: Ruigh Esther Laura de , Bouwmeester Samantha , Popma Arne , Vermeiren Robert , Domburgh Lieke van , Jansen Lucres MC 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Juvenile delinquents constitute a heterogeneous group, which complicates decision-making based on risk assessment. Various psychosocial factors have been used to define clinically relevant subgroups of juvenile offenders, while neurobiological variables have not yet been integrated in this context. Moreover, translation of neurobiological group differences to individual risk assessment has proven difficult. We aimed to identify clinically relevant subgroups associated with differential youth offending outcomes, based on psychosocial and neurobiological characteristics, and to test whether the resulting model can be used for risk assessment of individual cases. Methods: A group of 263 detained juveniles from juvenile justice institutions was studied. Latent class regression analysis was used to detect subgroups associated with differential offending outcome (recidivism at 12 month follow-up). As a proof of principle, it was tested in a separate group of 76 participants whether individual cases could be assigned to the identified subgroups, using a prototype ‘tool’ for calculating class membership. Results: Three subgroups were identified: a ‘high risk – externalizing’ subgroup, a ‘medium risk – adverse environment’ subgroup, and a ‘low risk – psychopathic traits’ subgroup. Within these subgroups, both autonomic nervous system and neuroendocrinological measures added differentially to the prediction of subtypes of reoffending (no, non-violent, violent). The ‘tool’ for calculating class membership correctly assigned 92.1% of participants to a class and reoffending risk. Conclusions: The LCRA approach appears to be a useful approach to integrate neurobiological and psychosocial risk factors to identify subgroups with different re-offending risk within juvenile justice institutions. This approach may be useful in the development of a biopsychosocial assessment tool and may eventually help clinicians to assign individuals to those subgroups and subsequently tailor treatment based on their re-offending risk.
Identifying Concern and Stress of Parents, Students and Teachers With the Social Distance Planning Process and Reopening of Schools During Covid-19 Pandemic: a Qualitative Study
Authors: Bashirian Saeed , Barati Majid , Afshari Maryam , Mirmoini Seyede Somaye , Tagh Javad Zavar Chahar 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: With the closure of schools as a result of the social distancing plan, the negative emotions that individuals experience became complicated. Therefore, the present study provides deep understanding of the concerns and stresses of parents, students and teachers about the process of social distance planning and reopening of schools during COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in 2020. The data for this study were collected through semi-structured interviews with teachers, students and their parents in Tuyserkan. Sampling was performed by purposeful sampling method with the maximum variation. Data analysis was performed simultaneously with data collected by content analysis method. Results: In general, the majority of participants were stressed and concerned about the social distancing plan and the reopening of schools during Covid-19 pandemic. During data analysis, 74 primary codes, 13 sub-themes and 6 themes were obtained. The themes included preparing factors (knowledge), reinforcing factors, preparing factors (attitude), enabling factors, epidemiological aspects of the subject and quality of life. Conclusions: Identifying and explaining the concerns and stress of parents, students and teachers about the process of social distance planning and reopening of schools during COVID-19 pandemic will help policy makers and administrators for planning and interventions related to this.
Effects of Silybin Supplementation on Nutrient Digestibility, Hematological Parameters, Liver Performance, and Liver-specific mi-RNA Concentration in Dogs
Authors: Gogulski Maciej , Cieslak Adam , Grabska Julia , Ardois Marie , Pomorska-Mól Małgorzata , Kołodziejski Paweł , Libera Kacper , Strompfová Viola , Szumacher-Strabel Małgorzata 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundHepatopathies are an important group of disorders in dogs, where proper nutritional care is crucial. Supplementation with a hepatoprotectant like silybin can improve liver performance, subsequently it should not interfere with nutrient digestibility. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of either pure silybin or commercial hepatoprotectant on nutrients digestibility, liver performance and health status in healthy dogs (EXP1). Moreover, the second experiment (EXP2) investigated the effect of commercial hepatoprotectant on liver laboratory test and liver-associated miRNA concentrations in dogs with idiopathic liver disorder. ResultsNutrient digestibility was not affected by treatment in EXP1. Supplementation did not affect serum fatty acid profile, with the exception of C20:5 n3. The levels of liver markers such as ALT, AST and GGT significantly decreased. In EXP2, supplementation with commercial hepatoprotectant containing silybin improved liver laboratory test. A decrease was observed in liver serum markers and miR122 concentration.ConclusionsEXP1 confirmed that silybin (whether pure or as a commercial hepatoprotectant) does not interfere with digestion and subsequently exerts no detrimental effect on dogs’ health and metabolism. In EXP2, dietary supplementation with commercial hepatoprotectant containing silybin resulted in decreased activity of serum liver markers, accompanied by a decrease in the concentration of liver-specific miRNA molecules. Liver performance was consequently improved. Silybin supplementation can thus serve as an effective therapeutical tool in dogs with hepatopathies.
Prevalence of Dog-Mediated Rabies in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis From 2010-2020
Authors: Belete Shiret , Meseret Melke , Dejene Haileyesus , Assefa Ayalew 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Rabies is a lethal zoonotic viral disease mostly transmitted by dog-bite. Ethiopia accommodates the second largest number of human rabies deaths in Africa. The total number of animal rabies cases in Ethiopia is not known. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize and pool estimates of dog-mediated rabies' status in Ethiopia. Methods: Published researches between the years 2010 to 2020 were comprehensively searched and the required information was extracted. The prevalence was estimated using the random-effects meta-analysis because higher heterogeneity between studies was expected. Results: The pooled estimate of rabies was 32% (95% CI: 19% - 46%), with individual study prevalence estimates ranged from 1% - 78%. Studies were approximately weighted equally with individual weight ranging from 5.19% - 5.28%. Subgroup analysis indicated that the random pooled prevalence of rabies based upon hosts affected was 28% (95% CI: 0% – 81%) in animals and 33% (95% CI: 20% - 47%) in humans. Furthermore, a subgroup analysis across regions indicated that the pooled prevalence in Amhara and Tigray regional states was 5% (CI: 3% - 8%) and 55% (CI: 21% - 86%), respectively. No single study was reported from the country's Eastern and Southern parts which might be due to the religious aspect that most Muslims do not keep dogs in this region. Thus, the regional differences in data availability may have led to an overestimation of some regions' estimates. Conclusion: The estimated pooled rabies prevalence was found high and showed varying among study regions. Therefore, focusing on mass dog vaccination campaigns and public awareness should be implemented to control the disease.
Zinc Amount in Dental Enamel can be a Potential Factor of Severe Tooth Wear.
Authors: Klimuszko Elzbieta , Orywal Karolina , Mroczko Barbara , Sierpinska Teresa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective of the study was to assess the potential role of zinc and copper in the process of severe enamel wear. Methods: Three groups of dental enamel samples were analyzed: 50 from subjects with worn dentition, 20 from healthy volunteers in vivo and 15 healthy teeth cut longitudinally into seven layers in vitro. The amounts of Ca, Mg and Zn in the enamel bioptates were established using atomic absorption spectroscopy with an air/acetylene flame after acid biopsy technique had been applied. The concentration of Cu was established using an electrothermic method with argon gas on the AA spectrometer. Results : Mean values of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) did not differ between all the analyzed specimens. The mean value of zinc amount was very high in the samples obtained from worn teeth comparing to the healthy teeth. Statistically significant difference was confirmed between mean value of zinc amount in severe worn dentition and all the layers in vitro and in vivo. Strong positive relationships between magnesium and zinc contents have been shown at some depths. Significant difference was registered between the amount of copper in the severely worn dentitions compared to the superficial layer of the healthy teeth in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: It was found that zinc amount was considerably different when comparing worn dentition and healthy teeth. It appears that zinc metabolism may play an important role in enamel formation and may influence the enamel resistance to wear after tooth eruption.
Superconductor Qubits Hamiltonian Approximations Effect on Quantum State Evolution and Control
Authors: Sharifi Javad 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Quantum state on Bloch sphere for superconducting charge qubit, phase qubit and flux qubit for all time in absence of external drive is stable to initial state. By driving the qubits, approximation of charge and flux Hamiltonian lead to quantum state rotation in Bloch sphere around an axis completely differ from rotation vector of exact Hamiltonian. The trajectory of quantum state for phase qubit for approximated and exact Hamiltonian is the same but the expectation of quantum observable has considerable errors as two other qubits. microwave drive control is designed for approximated Hamiltonian and exerted on actual systems and shows completely different trajectory with respect to desired trajectory. Finally a nonlinear control with external µV voltage control and nA current control is designed for general qubit which completely stabilizes quantum state toward a desired state.
Assessment of Age-Dependent Effective Dose and Toxicity Risks of 226Ra and 228Ra In River Water Samples In Ondo State. Nigeria
Authors: Ajayi Oladele , Omogunloye Olusegun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in some river waters in southwestern Nigeria were measured using high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The activity concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 2.31, 0.17 to 2.85, and 7.86 to 65.51 Bq l-1 for 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K respectively. The calculated mean of the total annual effective dose were 9.86, 2.46, 1.71, 2.43, 5.74 and 0.99 mSv y-1 for age groups ≤1y, 1-2y, 2-7y, 7-12y, 12-17y, and >17y respectively. Estimated cancer mortality and morbidity risks ranged from 0.04x10-3 to 0.77x10-3 with a mean of 0.42x10-3 and 0.04x10-3 to 0.80x10-3 with a mean of 0.44x10-3 respectively for 226R while they ranged from 0.11x10-3 to 1.89x10-3 with a mean of 0.96x10-3 and 0.16x10-3 to 2.66x10-3 with a mean of 1.38x10-3 respectively for 228Ra. The lifetime average daily dose (LADD) of 226Ra and 228Ra ranged from 9.39x10-14 µg kg-1 d-1 to 181.01x10-14 µg kg-1 d-1 with a mean of 100.06x10-14 µg kg-1 d-1 and 4.82x10-16 µg kg-1 d-1 to 80.70x10-16 µg kg-1 d-1 with a mean of 40.90x10-16 µg kg-1 d-1 respectively.. Radiological hazard indicator of radium is of concern in these drinking river water samples.