bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Divine Reason
Authors: Pennington Madeleine 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter elucidates a dispute regarding the proper understanding of the ‘Divine Logos’, between the philosopher John Norris and the Quaker Richard Vickris in the early 1690s. It draws on the commentary of the priest Edmund Elys to contextualize the dispute in terms of the publication of John Locke’s Essay and the empiricist ascendancy towards the end of the seventeenth century. A more nuanced understanding of Quaker theology allows for a fuller understanding of what was at stake in this intellectual moment: while the period has generally been characterized in terms of an epistemological crisis evidenced by the outworking of rationalist and spiritualist excess, deism, scepticism, and the growing influence of natural theology—that is, a reconfiguration of the relationship between natural and revealed religion—these epistemological issues were often deeply imbued with (and perhaps more fundamentally driven by) Christological reflection
Inquiry, Knowledge, and Understanding
Authors: Kelp Christoph 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhat is knowledge? What is understanding? Why should we care about them? And how much, if anything, can we know and understand? These are among the most fundamental questions in the theory of knowledge. This book develops a new way of answering all of them in a systematic manner. The key idea is to approach these questions by thinking about inquiry. It argues that knowledge and understanding are the central aims of inquiry and that this insight serves to shed light on the nature, value, and extent of our knowledge and understanding.
Ethical Decision-Making in School Mental Health
Authors: Raines James C. , Dibble Nic T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ethical decision making in school mental health provides mental health professionals with a seven-step approach to managing ethical predicaments. It combines guidance from four major codes of ethics, including the American School Counseling Association, National Association of School Nurses, National Association of School Psychologists, and National Association of Social Workers. Ethical issues are endemic for mental health professionals working with minors in a host setting like schools. New interventions, evolving technologies, and a patchwork of ethical and legal guidelines create a constant stream of new ethical dilemmas. Longstanding and complex questions rarely give way to quick and easy answers. The seven-step model presented here enables readers to apply a practical process that minimizes their liability and protects their students. Beginning with an introduction of the moral, legal, and clinical foundations that undergird ethical practice, the authors present an ethical decision-making model with seven steps: know yourself and your responsibilities, analyze the dilemma, seek consultation, identify courses of action, manage clinical concerns, enact the decision, and reflect on the process. The second edition includes meticulously updated chapters based on recent changes to all of the codes of ethics over the past 10 years. It also has a new chapter on the universal issue of ethical recordkeeping. This handy guide is written for multidisciplinary teams of mental health professionals, including school social workers, school psychologists, school nurses, and school counselors. It provides a trusty resource with the following elements: Clearly organized chapters that introduce a process approach to ethical decision-making; Interprofessional and collaborative approach to working with other stakeholders; Case examples and practice exercises illustrate real work application of ethical guidelines; and Glossary, web resources, and U.S. Supreme Court decisions on students’ civil rights.
Sewing and Designing—Incrementally—Innovation-Based Growth
Authors: Breznitz Dan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter, utilizing the tools and concepts developed in chapter 5, presents the cases for stage 3 second-generation product and component innovation and for stage 2 design, prototype development, and production engineering. Analyzing these stages, we learn not only how to excel in them, but also their considerable advantages for long-term and equitable local growth compared to trying to copy the Silicon Valley model. A thorough and historical analysis of the growth of the Taiwanese ICT industry is used to make stage 3 lessons concrete. Similarly, for stage 2 we utilize the case of the transformation of the Riviera del Brenta in Northeastern Italy into the most important center in the world for luxury women shoes.
Conclusion
Authors: Breznitz Dan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter concludes the book, reminding the reader that the act of innovation is what makes humans unique, and urging for a strong belief in human ingenuity. It also briefly summarizes the main points of the book, namely innovation versus invention, innovation and local economic growth, global fragmentation of production, innovation stages, the only two innovation actors, the three goals of innovation policy, and how to adhere to the four fundamentals (flows of local-global knowledge, demand, and inputs; the supply and creation of public and semi-public goods; building a local ecosystem that reinforces the firm-level benefits of the previous two fundamentals; and the co-evolution of the previous three fundamentals).
Motivation, Perception, and Engagement
Authors: Wei Ran , Lo Ven-hwei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMobile news as the focal concept of study is explicated as a multidimensional construct. This chapter elaborates on the attributes of mobile media and implications of these attributes for mobile news consumption. The chapter then presents the analytical framework with five dependent variables of mobile news consumption and predictors of the consumption at individual and societal levels. Finally, to achieve a systematic study of mobile news consumption in Asia, a comparative model is proposed; it highlights the similarities of the four Asian cities with different social political systems for cross-societal comparisons.
Conversion to Islam
Authors: Ibrahim Ayman S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Why did non-Muslims convert to Islam during Muhammad’s life and under his immediate successors? How did Muslim historians portray these conversions? Why did their portrayals differ significantly? To what extent were their portrayals influenced by their time of writing, religious inclinations, and political affiliations? These are the fundamental questions that drive this study. Relying on numerous works, including primary sources from over a hundred classical Muslim historians, this investigation is the first scholarly study to detect, trace, and analyze conversion themes in early Muslim historiography. It emphasizes how classical Muslims remembered conversion, and how they valued and evaluated aspects of it. This study examines the interplay between history and historiography, as it scrutinizes the influence of religio-political and sociocultural contexts on historical narratives. While this study focuses on historical accounts, its conclusions are contrasted with recent findings of non-historiographical research on conversion to Islam. Readers will join an intellectual journey, exploring numerous early Muslim sources and wrestling with critical observations regarding the sources’ reliability. They will question whether Islam actually spread by the sword and deduce unconventional meanings of conversion. They will unearth the hidden link between historical narratives and historians’ religious sympathies and political agendas. This study leads readers through a complex body of literature, provides insights regarding historical context, and creates a vivid picture of conversion to Islam as early Muslim historians sought to depict it.
From Humanity to Sovereignty
Authors: Graf Sinja 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter 2 analyzes Locke’s notion of a “trespass against the whole species” in the Second Treatise of Government. It reconstructs his argument for private property and political government through the lens of universal crime in a colonial context. Once humanity is stipulated as the earth’s stakeholder in the state of nature, the failure to enclose land via labor wastes the earth’s potential and instantiates an offense against mankind. Presenting the figure of the Native American as the quintessential universal criminal failing to perform agricultural labor as a dictate of natural law, Locke’s argument reveals an inclusionary Eurocentrism that includes non-European peoples insofar as they violate humanity’s supposedly universal norms. Furthermore, once the introduction of money enables accumulation without spoilage, those wasting the earth’s productivity become scarcely recognizable as universal criminals, and humanity as the natural law’s subject becomes destabilized. Founding separate peoples under sovereign government hence becomes necessary to recreate law-governed collective life.
Introduction
Authors: Campbell Courtney S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter constructs a moral reality of the ethics and moral culture of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) by (1) identifying critical and distinctive pre-moral convictions that manifest the revealed realities of the LDS religious worldview and (2) providing a substantive exposition of formative principles, values, and virtues of LDS ethics that constitute a restored morality. The pre-moral values highlighted include a progressive salvation narrative, the harmony of religion and biomedicine, embodiment, and family. These values are supplemented by five core ethical principles, including love, hospitality to strangers, covenant, justice, and respect for agency and self-determination. These principles display moral continuities with the moral values and ethical teachings of other philosophical, religious, and cultural traditions.
Back to the Future
Authors: Campbell Courtney S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) practice of research on genealogy and family history has contributed to momentous advances in identifying, testing, and treating genetic-based diseases. This chapter examines the ethical dimensions of genetic testing and interventions in the human genome. The ethical questions raised by various forms of genetic testing for diseases carry over into innovative developments in human gene editing technologies to prevent diseases. Gene editing also holds out the prospect of enhancing human physiological and cognitive capabilities. Enhancements are a feature of contemporary technology appropriated by LDS theologies of transhumanist perfectionism. The chapter presents a framework of normative ethical principles for personal, professional, and policy decisions on these controversial questions.
Epilogue
Authors: Campbell Courtney S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) has not addressed the structure of health care delivery in the United States that is simultaneously expensive far beyond the levels of any other nation and yet fails to provide access to basic health services for nearly 10% of the population. The concept of adequate health care in LDS teaching on welfare principles provides a basis for constructing an LDS argument for universal access to basic health care. This epilogue draws on the examples of Church advocacy of health care reform in Utah—and Church priorities in international humanitarian assistance programs—to construct a framework of ethical principles to assess proposals and criteria for a social commitment to provide adequate health care to all citizens.
The World’s Oldest Tsunami Victim at the Gateway to the Pacific—and Beyond
Authors: Goff James , Dudley Walter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The 1998 Papua New Guinea tsunami was a significant puzzle for scientists who finally cracked the cause, but it also marks the most recent event of many that can be dated back to at least 6,000 years ago where the skull of the oldest tsunami victim in the world was found. Papua New Guinea was also the starting point for the most remarkable navigational feat in the world, with Polynesians moving rapidly east into the Pacific Ocean, their settlement of the region being punctuated by hiatuses caused by catastrophic tsunamis approximately 3,000, 2,000, and 600 years ago. It was on isolated Pacific islands that humans first came into contact with the deadly Pacific Ring of Fire. Settlement abandonment, mass graves, and cultural collapse mark their progress.
Tsunamis and the US Navy
Authors: Goff James , Dudley Walter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter presents the story of US Navy ships in the Virgin Islands following the Civil War. On November 18, 1867, a tsunami struck, destroying many of the ships; the events that unfolded are told in firsthand accounts. This tsunami would ultimately delay the purchase of the US Virgin Islands for half a century, thus focusing the US Navy on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, with its own major consequences. Less than a year later, two more US Navy ships would be carried ashore by a tsunami, but this time on the coast of Peru. A Peruvian warship, the Americana, lost her captain and some 85 men, and the remaining crew broke into the liquor stores and became drunk. Meanwhile, the warship USS Wateree would lose only 1 sailor, end up permanently stranded on the beach, and eventually be sold to become a seaside hotel.
Strange, But True
Authors: Goff James , Dudley Walter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There are many strange tales of tsunamis that do not fit into researchers’ simple understanding of these events. Intact whale skeletons nearly 150 ft up on top of a cliff, exploding geysers, ships sunk by asteroids, alcoholic beverages running riot through city streets, and the Allies’ development of a tsunami bomb during World War II that was considered equally important as their atomic program are all strange but true stories of the bizarre world of tsunamis. Although none of the events discussed in this chapter necessarily changed the world, they are interesting nonetheless and should change either how scientists search for past tsunamis or how scientists define them.
Megasharknado
Authors: Goff James , Dudley Walter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
What happens when an asteroid hits the deep ocean? The public has been assailed with Hollywood’s interpretations such as the movie Deep Impact, but the reality is worryingly real. Approximately 2.5 million years ago, the only know deep-ocean asteroid struck the South Pacific. Initial waves were miles high. It resulted in the extinction of 36% of all life on Earth, including the megashark. The megalodon, or megashark, was big and fast. It preyed upon many cetacean species, such as dolphins and small whales. As a result of the asteroid impact, meter-thick bone beds of dead animals were washed up along Pacific shores, but perhaps even worse, climate changed.
Boxing Day
Authors: Goff James , Dudley Walter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It had been well over 100 years since a major tsunami had struck the Indian Ocean, an event lost from living memory. The world’s only tsunami warning system operated exclusively in the Pacific Ocean, leaving the Indian Ocean neglected. On the day after Christmas 2004, a major earthquake struck off the coast of Indonesia, creating a tsunami that would ultimately leave more than 230,000 dead. The tsunami waves would spread across the Indian Ocean, causing massive death and destruction in Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, the Maldives, and even along the east coast of Africa. This chapter presents survivor stories to add a unique perspective to this devastating event. The Indian Ocean now has a tsunami warning system, but it is being seriously neglected. What that portends no one yet knows.
Ungoverned and Out of Sight
Authors: Willison Charley E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Homelessness is a public health problem. Millions of Americans experience homelessness each year, more than the number of Americans that suffer from opioid use disorders annually. Homelessness is associated with increased mortality and adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Longer durations of homelessness are associated with the higher mortality rates, severe mental illness, and substance use disorders. Nearly a decade after the Great Recession, rates of homelessness are once again increasing in the United States. In the face of this crisis, this book seeking to explain why different cities in the United States approach solutions to chronic homelessness in different ways. This research finds that homelessness policy is a highly decentralized and fragmented policy space. This often creates conflicting policy solutions, where publicly funded, evidence-based solutions are often undercut by short-term, reactionary responses, including punitive policing, that may actually promote homelessness in the long term. Overall, the limited coordination between fragmented policy interests and strong trends in decentralization of homeless policy governance contribute to reduced policy opportunities for evidence-based, publicly funded responses.
America’s Homelessness Crisis
Authors: Willison Charley E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Homelessness is a public health problem. From rising housing costs to discriminatory lending and leasing, natural disasters, and mental illness, homelessness has many different causes and many similar effects: serious adverse consequences for physical and mental health across the life course. This chapter makes the case for homelessness as a public health problem, with chronic homelessness as scope of focus for this book. This chapter then introduces the main question of the book: If municipalities are the site of the U.S. homeless epidemic, what are municipal governments doing to address homelessness, and why? This chapter then outlines the role of governance structures in shaping municipal approaches to chronic homelessness, describes the governance system responsible for designing and delivering solutions to homelessness and chronic homelessness in the United States, and the history of homeless policy in America. Finally, this chapter lays the roadmap for the book and subsequent chapters.
The 1536 Institutes
Authors: Bierma Lyle D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter Abstract: This chapter treats the first phase of development in Calvin’s doctrine of baptismal efficacy by examining the first (1536) edition of the Institutes, which establishes a baseline for his understanding of baptism at the beginning of his ministerial career. The chapter looks first at Calvin’s treatment of the sacraments in general and then at the section on baptism itself. It reaches the conclusion that the widespread scholarly claim that the 1536 Institutes rejects the instrumental character of baptism is only partly true. Calvin does repudiate the idea of baptism as an instrument in the sense of its being a container or cause of salvation, but there are also indications here that he views baptism as an instrument positively as both a means of knowledge, testimony, and assurance and a means of grace.
Works from Calvin’s First Period in Geneva and the Strasbourg Interlude (1536–41)
Authors: Bierma Lyle D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter Abstract: This chapter moves to the second phase of development in Calvin’s doctrine of baptismal efficacy by examining the writings from his first ministry stint in Geneva and his three years in Strasbourg (1536–41). These writings include his first catechism of 1537/1538, the second edition of the Institutes (1539), and his commentary on Romans (1540). During this period, Calvin took a major step forward by explicitly identifying a connection between the sign of baptism and that which it signifies. That notwithstanding, the paucity of instrumental terminology, the fairly even balance between positive and negative references to the sacraments as instruments, and the much heavier emphasis on baptism as a means of assurance than a means of salvation are much the same as we find them in the Institutes of 1536.
Works from after the Consensus Tigurinus to Calvin’s Death (1550–64)
Authors: Bierma Lyle D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Chapter Abstract: This chapter explores the fifth and final developmental phase in Calvin’s doctrine of baptismal efficacy by examining three clusters of documents from the time between the Consensus Tigurinus (1549) and Calvin’s death (1564): his commentaries on Titus (1550), 1 Peter (1551), Isaiah (1551), and Acts (1552, 1554); two treatises from his polemical exchange with the Lutheran Joachim Westphal, Defence of the Sane and Orthodox Doctrine of the Sacraments (1555), and Second Defence of the Pious and Orthodox Faith concerning the Sacraments (1556); and the final edition of the Institutes (1559). The chapter concludes that any new developments in Calvin’s doctrine of baptismal efficacy in this last phase of his life are few, relatively minor, and rather subtle. What we do find now is a greater equilibrium between baptism as a means of knowledge/assurance and a means of grace and a clearer connection between these two instrumental roles.
God and Suffering
Authors: Ekstrom Laura W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter launches a new investigation of the question of God’s existence, examining it against the reality of human suffering and bringing to the fore contentious presuppositions concerning agency and value at the core of the debate. When we survey the world, we observe an enormous amount of pain, including virtually unspeakable kinds of maltreatment and agony, many instances of which seem patently unfair, unearned, and pointless. This chapter initiates the book’s argument that, in light of these observations, it is reasonable to conclude that God does not exist. The chapter critically examines and extends the work of William Rowe, John Hick, and Alvin Plantinga, taking up apparently pointless instances of suffering and the proposed justifying goods of character-building and free will.
The Value of Free Will
Authors: Ekstrom Laura W. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This chapter closely examines the free will theodicy and free will defense as responses to arguments from evil for atheism. It sets out three types of accounts of the nature of free will in the contemporary literature on agency and argues that only one of them is suitable for the free will theodicist’s (and defender’s) use. The chapter then takes up the question of whether or not God’s giving created beings free will, as characterized by that suitable sort of account, would make sense—that is, whether or not it would be worth the price. It argues that it would not, or at least that it is not unreasonable to refrain from believing that free will is worth the costs. If free will is not worth the costs, then it is unsuitable to serve as the central good that is alleged to provide a God-justifying reason for allowing evils in the world.
Narrating the Women, Peace and Security Agenda
Authors: Shepherd Laura J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This history of UN Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325, and its articulation of the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda that grew from its adoption, are as familiar to anyone working on the agenda as the alphabet, the rules of grammar and syntax, or the spelling of their own name. This book encounters WPS as a policy agenda that emerges in and through the stories that are told about it, focusing on the world of WPS work at the United Nations Headquarters in New York (noting, of course, that many other equally rich and important stories could be told about the agenda in other contexts). Part of how the WPS agenda is formed as (and simultaneously forming) a knowable reality is through the narration of its beginnings, its ongoing unfolding, and its plural futures. These stories account for the inception of the agenda, outline its priorities, and delimit its possibilities, through the arrangement of discourse into narrative formations that communicate and constitute the agenda’s triumphs and disasters. This is a book about the stories of the WPS agenda and the worlds they contain.