bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excessive salt consumption causes systemic calcium mishandling and worsens microarchitecture and strength of long bones in rats
Authors: Tiyasatkulkovit Wacharaporn , Aksornthong Sirion , Adulyaritthikul Punyanuch , Upanan Pornpailin , Wongdee Kannikar , Aeimlapa Ratchaneevan , Teerapornpuntakit Jarinthorn , Rojviriya Catleya , Panupinthu Nattapon , Charoenphandhu Narattaphol 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExcessive salt intake has been associated with the development of non-communicable diseases, including hypertension with several cardiovascular consequences. Although the detrimental effects of high salt on the skeleton have been reported, longitudinal assessment of calcium balance together with changes in bone microarchitecture and strength under salt loading has not been fully demonstrated. To address these unanswered issues, male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed normal salt diet (NSD; 0.8% NaCl) or high salt diet (HSD; 8% NaCl) for 5 months. Elevation of blood pressure, cardiac hypertrophy and glomerular deterioration were observed in HSD, thus validating the model. The balance studies were performed to monitor calcium input and output upon HSD challenge. The HSD-induced increase in calcium losses in urine and feces together with reduced fractional calcium absorption led to a decrease in calcium retention. With these calcium imbalances, we therefore examined microstructural changes of long bones of the hind limbs. Using the synchrotron radiation x-ray tomographic microscopy, we showed that trabecular structure of tibia and femur of HSD displayed a marked increase in porosity. Consistently, the volumetric micro-computed tomography also demonstrated a significant decrease in trabecular bone mineral density with expansion of endosteal perimeter in the tibia. Interestingly, bone histomorphometric analyses indicated that salt loading caused an increase in osteoclast number together with decreases in osteoblast number and osteoid volume. This uncoupling process of bone remodeling in HSD might underlie an accelerated bone loss and bone structural changes. In conclusion, long-term excessive salt consumption leads to impairment of skeletal mass and integrity possibly through negative calcium balance.
Identification of 3-chymotrypsin like protease (3CLPro) inhibitors as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents
Authors: Mody Vicky , Ho Joanna , Wills Savannah , Mawri Ahmed , Lawson Latasha , Ebert Maximilian C. C. J. C. , Fortin Guillaume M. , Rayalam Srujana , Taval Shashidharamurthy 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEmerging outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a major threat to public health. The morbidity is increasing due to lack of SARS-CoV-2 specific drugs. Herein, we have identified potential drugs that target the 3-chymotrypsin like protease (3CLpro), the main protease that is pivotal for the replication of SARS-CoV-2. Computational molecular modeling was used to screen 3987 FDA approved drugs, and 47 drugs were selected to study their inhibitory effects on SARS-CoV-2 specific 3CLpro enzyme in vitro. Our results indicate that boceprevir, ombitasvir, paritaprevir, tipranavir, ivermectin, and micafungin exhibited inhibitory effect towards 3CLpro enzymatic activity. The 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation studies showed that ivermectin may require homodimeric form of 3CLpro enzyme for its inhibitory activity. In summary, these molecules could be useful to develop highly specific therapeutically viable drugs to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 replication either alone or in combination with drugs specific for other SARS-CoV-2 viral targets.
Role of hydroxylation for the atomic structure of a non-polar vicinal zinc oxide
Authors: Grånäs Elin , Busch Michael , Arndt Björn , Creutzburg Marcus , Semione Guilherme Dalla Lana , Gustafson Johan , Schaefer Andreas , Vonk Vedran , Grönbeck Henrik , Stierle Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFrom the catalytic, semiconducting, and optical properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) numerous potential applications emerge. For the physical and chemical properties of the surface, under-coordinated atoms often play an important role, necessitating systematic studies of their influence. Here we study the vicinal ZnO($$10\bar{1}4$$
10

1

¯

4
) surface, rich in under-coordinated sites, using a combination of several experimental techniques and density functional theory calculations. We determine the atomic-scale structure and find the surface to be a stable, long-range ordered, non-polar facet of ZnO, with a high step-density and uniform termination. Contrary to an earlier suggested nano-faceting model, a bulk termination fits much better to our experimental observations. The surface is further stabilized by dissociatively adsorbed H2O on adjacent under-coordinated O- and Zn-atoms. The stabilized surface remains highly active for water dissociation through the remaining under-coordinated Zn-sites. Such a vicinal oxide surface is a prerequisite for future adsorption studies with atomically controlled local step and terrace geometry.
Dipolar and catalytic effects of an Fe3O4 based nitrogen-doped hollow carbon sphere framework for high performance lithium sulfur batteries
Authors: Deng Shungui , Li Qihua , Chen Yanhua , Wang Chao , Zhao Hongbin , Xu Jiaqiang , Wu Jinghua , Yao Xiayin 
Published: January 2021

Well-designed hollow carbon sphere with embedded Fe3O4 nanoparticles is fabricated as sulfur host for Li–S batteries. The high catalytic activity of Fe3O4 can accelerate the redox conversion of polysulfide, facilitating the reaction kinetics.
Effect of Formula Type and Preparation on International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative Thickness Level and Milk Flow Rates From Bottle Teats
Authors: Pados Britt F. , Feaster Victoria 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of infant formula type and preparation (i.e., ready-to-feed vs. powder) on International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDDSI) thickness level and milk flow rates from bottle teats/nipples.

Method
The ready-to-feed and powder formulations of the following products were tested for IDDSI thickness level, using IDDSI guidelines, and for milk flow rate, using established flow testing methods: Similac Advance, Similac For Spit-Up, Enfamil Infant, and Enfamil A.R. Analysis of variance was used to compare flow rates among formula types/preparations.

Results
Enfamil A.R. ready-to-feed was classified as IDDSI “slightly thick.” All other formula types/preparations were found to be IDDSI “thin” liquids. The standard infant formulas (Similac Advance and Enfamil Infant) had comparable flow rates to each other, regardless of preparation (ready-to-feed and powder). The gastroesophageal reflux–specific formulas (Similac For Spit-Up and Enfamil A.R.) had slower flow rates than the standard formulas; within this category, there were significant differences in flow rates between ready-to-feed and powder. Enfamil A.R. powder had the slowest flow rate, but was the most variable.

Conclusion
For infants with difficulty coordinating sucking, swallowing, and breathing, clinicians and parents should consider the impact that changes to infant formula type and preparation may have on the infant's ability to safely feed.
High sensitivity Sagnac interferometric strain sensor based polarization maintaining fibre enhanced coupling
Authors: Ruan Juan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA high sensitivity, simple fabrication all‐fibre strain sensor is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The sensor consists of a section of Panda‐type polarization maintaining fibre (PMF) built into a Sagnac interferometer. The Panda‐type PMF is intentionally spliced to the single‐mode fibre through enhanced fusion splicing to excite high‐order polarized modes. The enhanced fusion splicing characterizes a large magnitude of overlap. The measured strain sensitivity reaches up to 32 pm/με and the strain resolution of 0.63 με has been achieved. The proposed fibre strain sensor characterizing easy fabrication and high sensitivity can be a good candidate in the field of structural health monitoring.
SunCET: The Sun Coronal Ejection Tracker Concept
Authors: Mason James Paul , Chamberlin Phillip C. , Seaton Daniel , Burkepile Joan , Colaninno Robin , Dissauer Karin , Eparvier Francis G. , Fan Yuhong , Gibson Sarah , Jones Andrew R. , Kay Christina , Kirk Michael , Kohnert Richard , Pesnell W. Dean , Thompson Barbara J. , Veronig Astrid M. , West Matthew J , Windt David , Woods Thomas N. 
Published: January 2021

The Sun Coronal Ejection Tracker (SunCET) is an extreme ultraviolet imager and spectrograph instrument concept for tracking coronal mass ejections through the region where they experience the majority of their acceleration: the difficult-to-observe middle corona. It contains a wide field of view (0–4 R⊙) imager and a 1 Å spectral-resolution-irradiance spectrograph spanning 170–340 Å. It leverages new detector technology to read out different areas of the detector with different integration times, resulting in what we call “simultaneous high dynamic range”, as opposed to the traditional high dynamic range camera technique of subsequent full-frame images that are then combined in post-processing. This allows us to image the bright solar disk with short integration time, the middle corona with a long integration time, and the spectra with their own, independent integration time. Thus, SunCET does not require the use of an opaque or filtered occulter. SunCET is also compact – ~15 × 15 × 10 cm in volume – making it an ideal instrument for a CubeSat or a small, complementary addition to a larger mission. Indeed, SunCET is presently in a NASA-funded, competitive Phase A as a CubeSat and has also been proposed to NASA as an instrument onboard a 184 kg Mission of Opportunity.
Burnout bei jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzten: Ein Vergleich der Tätigkeitsgebiete Psychiatrie/Psychosomatik und somatische Medizin
Authors: Pantenburg Birte , Jung Franziska , Conrad Ines , Riedel-Heller Steffi G. 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Anliegen Internationale Arbeiten legen nahe, dass psychiatrisch tätige Ärztinnen und Ärzte häufiger als somatisch Tätige von Burnout betroffen sind.
Methoden Survey aller bei der Sächsischen Landesärztekammer gemeldeten Ärztinnen und Ärzte ≤ 40 Jahre.
Ergebnisse Psychiatrisch und somatisch Tätige unterschieden sich nicht hinsichtlich emotionaler Erschöpfung und Depersonalisierung. Psychiatrisch Tätige zeigten ein höheres subjektives Kompetenzerleben. Eine psychiatrische Tätigkeit war mit einer geringeren Wahrscheinlichkeit für hohe Burnoutwerte auf der Subskala subjektives Kompetenzerleben assoziiert.
Schlussfolgerungen Frühere Studien zu vermehrtem Burnout bei Psychiatern konnten nicht bestätigt werden.
Hypolipidemic Activity of Tetracarpidium conophorum (African
walnut) Seed Oil and Its Mechanism of Action
Authors: Oriakhi Kelly , Uadia Patrick 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe present study was designed to evaluate the hypolipidemic activity of
Tetracarpidium conophorum oil and its mechanism(s) of action. The
oil was extracted using the Soxhlet method and subjected to column
chromatography/spectroscopic techniques. GC-MS analysis was
performed on the oil to identify 15 constituents with
9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (ω-3 fatty acid or
α-linolenic acid) (68%) showing the highest
proportion. Isolation and purification of the oil gave three compounds,
namely, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and stearic acid
(octadecanoic acid). Thirty-five rats were used and divided into seven
groups for the in vivo hypolipidemic study. Findings from this study
showed significant decreases (p<0.05) in total cholesterol,
triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and an
increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in rats fed a normal
diet and receiving T. conophorum oil (250 and
500 mg/kg body weight) for 20 days. But there were
significant increases (p<0.05) in total cholesterol, triglycerides,
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatine kinase, lactate
dehydrogenase, aspartate amino transferase, malondialdehyde,
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, and C-reactive protein
levels with a decline in the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
level in rats fed the high cholesterol diet when compared to those fed a
normal diet. However, oral administration of T. conophorum oil and
atorvastatin for 20 days resulted in a significant lowering (p<0.05)
of triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatine
kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate amino transferase, malondialdehyde,
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, and C-reactive protein
levels with a rise in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in rats
nourished with the high cholesterol diet. The study showed that T.
conophorum seed oil possesses hypolipidemic and cardioprotective
properties.
Role of the Specialized Pro-resolving Mediator Resolvin D1 in Hashimotoʼs Thyroiditis
Authors: Song Jing , Sun Rongxin , Zhang Yuanyuan , Fu Ying , Zhao Dong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective Resolvins are produced by the catabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and play vital roles in inflammation resolution. Resolvins have been associated with autoimmune disorders. This study aimed to measure the level of Resolvin D1 (RVD1) in the serum of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients and healthy controls (HCs) and to further analyse its correlation with thyroid autoantibodies and inflammatory factors.
Methods Sixty-three participants were recruited, namely, 30 untreated HT patients and 33 sex- and age-matched HCs. Serum RVD1 and inflammatory chemokine (MCP-1 and IP-10) levels were measured by ELISA according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Serum total T3 (TT3), TT4, free T3 (FT3), FT4, thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Thyroid homeostasis parameters, including the thyroid secretory capacity (SPINA-GT), the total deiodinase activity (SPINA-GD), Jostel’s TSH index (TSHI) and the thyrotroph thyroid hormone sensitivity index (TTSI), were calculated.
Results Serum RVD1 levels in HT patients (134.76, 85.35–201.36 pg/mL) were significantly lower than those in HCs (187.64, 131.01–326.85 pg/mL) (P=0.004). As the TPOAb level increased, the RVD1 level showed a decreasing trend (P for trend=0.002). Both multinomial and ordinal logistics analyses revealed that serum RVD1 levels were negatively correlated with TPOAb levels in the adjusted models. Moreover, RVD1 showed a negative correlation with the inflammatory chemokine IP-1 0 (r=–0.276, P=0.034), TSHI (r=–0.269, P=0.036) and TTSI (r=–0.277, P=0.031).
Conclusions Thyroid autoimmunity may be associated with low levels of RVD1. Decreased RVD1 levels indicate impaired resolution of inflammation in HT patients.
Transmediastinal Gunshot Wound in a Pregnant Patient with Stable Hemodynamics
Authors: Ozdemır Ozhan , Atalay Cemal Resat 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTransmediastinal gunshot wounds (TGWs) may lead to life-threatening injuries of vital organs such as large vessels, the esophagus, and lungs. Although they are not commonly encountered in pregnant women, additional caution should be given to these patients. Physical examination for the diagnosis and the choice of treatment modality contain controversial points in hemodynamically stable patients, and resuscitation has excessive importance due to physiological changes in pregnancy. We present a hemodynamically stable 26-week pregnant woman brought to the emergency department for TGW. She had a 1-cm diameter of bullet entrance hole on the right anterior 4th intercostal space, 2 cm lateral to the sternum, and a 3-cm diameter exit hole on the right posterior 12th intercostal space on the midscapular line. With our conservative approach, she had an uncomplicated pregnancy period, and gave birth to a healthy baby at term.
Ex vivo Retrieval of Mature Oocytes for Fertility Preservation in a Patient with Bilateral Borderline Ovarian Tumor
Authors: de Carvalho Bruno Ramalho , Cintra Geórgia Fontes , Franceschi Taise Moura , Cabral Íris de Oliveira , Resende Leandro Santos de Araújo , Gumz Brenda Pires , Pinto Thiago David Alves 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report a case of ultrasound-guided ex vivo oocyte retrieval for fertility preservation in a woman with bilateral borderline ovarian tumor, for whom conventional transvaginal oocyte retrieval was deemed unsafe because of the increased risk of malignant cell spillage. Ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins was performed. Surgery was scheduled according to the ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropic stimulation; oophorectomized specimens were obtained by laparoscopy, and oocyte retrieval was performed ∼ 37 hours after the ovulatory trigger. The sum of 20 ovarian follicles were aspirated, and 16 oocytes were obtained. We performed vitrification of 12 metaphase II oocytes and 3 oocytes matured in vitro. Our result emphasizes the viability of ex vivo mature oocyte retrieval after controlled ovarian stimulation for those with high risk of malignant dissemination by conventional approach.
Preferred Functions of Personal Health Records in Rural Primary Health Clinics in Canada: Health Care Team Perspectives
Authors: Görges Matthias , Rush Kathy L. , Burton Lindsay , Mattei Mona , Davis Selena , Scott Heidi , Smith Mindy A. , Currie Leanne M. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Personal health records (PHR) provide opportunities for improved patient engagement, collection of patient-generated data, and overcome health-system inefficiencies. While PHR use is increasing, uptake in rural populations is lower than in urban areas.
Objectives The study aimed to identify priorities for PHR functionality and gain insights into meaning, value, and use of patient-generated data for rural primary care providers.
Methods We performed PHR preimplementation focus groups with rural providers and their health care teams from five primary care clinics in a sparsely populated mountainous region of British Columbia, Canada to obtain their understanding of PHR functionality, needs, and perceived challenges.
Results Eight general practitioners (GP), five medical office assistants, two nurse practitioners (NP), and two registered nurses (14 females and 3 males) participated in focus groups held at their respective clinics. Providers (GPs, NPs, and RNs) had been practicing for a median of 9.5 (range = 1–38) years and had used an electronic medical record for 7.0 (1–20) years. Participants expressed interest in incorporating functionality around two-way communication and appointment scheduling, previsit data gathering, patient and provider data sharing, virtual care including visits using videoconferencing tools, and postvisit sharing of educational materials. Three further themes emerged from the focus groups: (1) the context in which the providers' practice matters, (2) the need for providing patients and providers with choice (e.g., which data to share, who gets to initiate/respond in communications, and processes around virtual care visits), and (3) perceived risks of system use (e.g., increased complexity for older patients and workload barriers for the health care team).
Conclusion Rural primary care teams perceived PHR opportunities for increased patient engagement and access to patient-generated data, while worries about changes in workflow were the biggest perceived risk. Recommendations for PHR adoption in a rural primary health network include setting provider-patient expectations about response times, ability to share notes selectively, and automatically augmented note-taking from virtual-care visits.
Carbamazepine-Induced Nonepileptic Myoclonus in a Child with Autism and Epilepsy
Authors: Kirik Serkan , Yis Uluc 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study deals with a child with different type of seizures several times in week and unresponsive to antiepileptic drugs. Distinguishing between epileptic seizure and motor tic in a patient diagnosed with epilepsy and autism can be challenging. In this study we presented a male child patient on carbamazepine (CBZ) therapy. In the first days of treatment seizure frequency decreased, but after CBZ treatment dosage reached 15 mg/kg/day (at the 25th day of the treatment), the patient presented to the clinic describing several episodes of myoclonus. There were no changes in electroencephalography during the myoclonus. In follow-up, myoclonus was not described after the cessation of CBZ.
Scaphoid Excision and Bicolumnar Carpal Fusion with Retrograde Headless Screws
Authors: Undurraga Sebastian , Au Kendrick , Dobransky Johanna , Gammon Braden 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background/Purpose Scaphoid excision and partial wrist fusion is used for the treatment of scapholunate advanced collapse/scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse wrist arthritis. The purpose of this study was to report midterm functional and radiographic outcomes in a series of patients who underwent bicolumnar fusion of the lunocapitate and triquetrohamate joints using retrograde headless screws.
Methods Twenty-three consecutive patients (25 wrists) underwent surgery with this technique from January 2014 to May 2017 with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Assessment consisted of range of motion, grip, and pinch strength. Patient-reported outcome measures included disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) and patient-rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) scores. Fusion rates and the radiolunate joint were evaluated radiographically. The relationship between wrist range of motion and midcarpal fusion angle (neutral position vs. extended capitolunate fusion angle > 20 degrees) was analyzed.
Results Average follow-up was 18 months. Mean wrist extension was 41 degrees, flexion 36 degrees, and radial-ulnar deviation arc was 43 degrees. Grip strength was 39 kg and pinch 9 kg. Residual pain for activities of daily living was 1.6 (visual analog scale). The mean DASH and PRWE scores were 19 ± 16 and 28 ± 18, respectively. Patients with an extended capitolunate fusion angle trended toward more wrist extension but this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.17).
Conclusions With retrograde headless compression screws, the proximal articular surface of the lunate is not violated, preserving the residual load-bearing articulation. Patients maintained a functional flexion–extension arc of motion with grip-pinch strength close to normal. Capitolunate fusion angle greater than 20 degrees may provide more wrist extension but further studies are needed to demonstrate this.
Level of Evidence This is a Level IV study.
Intratumoral and Oncoviral Immunotherapy
Authors: Sheth Rahul A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractImmunotherapy is a paradigm-shifting advance in cancer care, but despite their success, contemporary immunotherapy strategies are limited by several factors. The objective response rates to checkpoint inhibitor therapy remain below 50%, and the toxicities associated with systemically administered immunotherapies, particularly combination immunotherapy regimens, can be devastating. Intratumoral immunotherapies represent a burgeoning paradigm in immuno-oncology designed to address these limitations. The direct delivery of intratumoral immunotherapies can result in concentrations of the therapeutic agent at levels that would likely be far too toxic if administered systemically. In this review, I summarize the sound biological framework underlying intratumoral immunotherapies as well as provide an overview of the major categories of intratumoral agents currently under investigation. I also emphasize the components of this treatment strategy that are relevant for image-guided interventionalists based on existing clinical experience.