bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms: findings from a New Zealand longitudinal birth cohort
Authors: Boden Joseph M. , Foulds James A. , Newton-Howes Giles , McKetin Rebecca 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study examined the association between methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms in a New Zealand general population birth cohort (n = 1265 at birth).MethodsAt age 18, 21, 25, 30, and 35, participants reported on their methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms in the period since the previous interview. Generalized estimating equations modelled the association between methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms (percentage reporting any symptom, and number of symptoms per participant). Confounding factors included childhood individual characteristics, family socioeconomic circumstances and family functioning. Long term effects of methamphetamine use on psychotic symptoms were assessed by comparing the incidence of psychotic symptoms at age 30–35 for those with and without a history of methamphetamine use prior to age 30.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors and time-varying covariate factors including concurrent cannabis use, methamphetamine use was associated with a modest increase in psychosis risk over five waves of data (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.72 for the percentage measure; and IRR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02–1.50 for the symptom count measure). The increased risk of psychotic symptoms was concentrated among participants who had used at least weekly at any point (adjusted OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.21–6.69). Use of methamphetamine less than weekly was not associated with increased psychosis risk. We found no evidence for a persistent vulnerability to psychosis in the absence of continuing methamphetamine use.ConclusionMethamphetamine use is associated with increased risk of psychotic symptoms in the general population. Increased risk is chiefly confined to people who ever used regularly (at least weekly), and recently.
Biharmonic navigation using radial basis functions
Authors: Fan Xu-Qian , Gong Wenyong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPath planning has been widely investigated by many researchers and engineers for its extensive applications in the real world. In this paper, a biharmonic radial basis potential function (BRBPF) representation is proposed to construct navigation fields in 2D maps with obstacles, and it therefore can guide and design a path joining given start and goal positions with obstacle avoidance. We construct BRBPF by solving a biharmonic equation associated with distance-related boundary conditions using radial basis functions (RBFs). In this way, invalid gradients calculated by finite difference methods in large size grids can be preventable. Furthermore, paths constructed by BRBPF are smoother than paths constructed by harmonic potential functions and other methods, and plenty of experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is valid and effective.
The effect of givenness and referring expression on dative alternation in Norwegian: A reaction time study
Authors: Velnić Marta , Anderssen Merete 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study investigates how givenness and pronominality affect the dative alternation in Norwegian. Previous studies have found givenness to influence the Double Object Dative (DOD) but not the Prepositional Dative (PD). Thirty-one Norwegian native speakers completed a speeded acceptability judgment task, in which given objects were expressed by definite DPs or pronouns, and either preceded or followed the new referent. DODs were found to be highly sensitive to givenness. Surprisingly, PDs also showed contextual dependency. Referring expressions affected the two structures differently: reaction times were faster with pronouns in DODs and slower in PDs. This suggests that the alternates have different processing biases, with the former preferring pronouns and the latter DPs. The results are further considered in relation to the notion of harmonic alignment, as PDs, in which the typically animate recipient is always the second object, and will thus consistently represent a suboptimal and non-harmonious order when givenness is adhered to.
An unusual umbilical venous connection to a left posterior intercostal vein
Authors: Madrid-Pinilla Antonio , Zambrano-Benavides Diana , Quintero Juan C 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA foetal echocardiogram, in a 27-week foetus referred for cardiomegaly, demonstrated dextrocardia, absence of the ductus venosus, and an unrestricted unusual umbilical venous drainage to a left posterior intercostal vein, which continued to left hemiazygos vein and drained into the coronary sinus. Progressive cardiomegaly led to early delivery. To the best of our knowledge, no case with similar umbilical venous drainage has been previously reported.
Provincial deficits and political centralization: evidence from the personnel management of the Chinese Communist Party
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wang Xi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe political autonomy of Chinese provinces derives from their economic independence. After the 2008 economic crisis, budget deficits increased significantly in most Chinese provinces, making them more reliant on financial support from Beijing. Provinces suffering high deficits will lose their political clout in both local and national politics. Therefore, provinces with large deficits tend to be less resistant to the enforcement of the law of avoidance and underrepresented in the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. We find that in provincial standing committees, the members who are native or have more birthplace ties are more likely to be ranked behind the outsiders, especially so in provinces with a high level of deficits. We also find that provincial-standing-committee members from high-deficit provinces have a low possibility to obtain seats in the party's Central Committee. These findings confirm the close relationship between economic independence and political autonomy of Chinese provinces. In addition, we find that the logic of economic independence cannot depict the whole picture and that regional pluralism is also an important concern when the party manages its provincial leadership teams.
The Kluwer Arbitration and Competition Law Modules: a Product Review
Authors: Geidt Lenka 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMiddle Temple Library has recently significantly enriched its portfolio of electronic resources. This situation was caused not only by the Covid-19 crisis, which certainly accelerated its efforts in this field, but also by the changing demands and habits of the Inn's members. The library specialises in arbitration and competition law, so a decision was taken to try two new digital platforms and, as Lenka Geidt writes, to share their experiences in the course of this article.
GEOMETRIC QUADRATIC CHABAUTY
Authors: Edixhoven Bas , Lido Guido 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince Faltings proved Mordell’s conjecture in [16] in 1983, we have known that the sets of rational points on curves of genus at least
$2$
are finite. Determining these sets in individual cases is still an unsolved problem. Chabauty’s method (1941) [10] is to intersect, for a prime number p, in the p-adic Lie group of p-adic points of the Jacobian, the closure of the Mordell–Weil group with the p-adic points of the curve. Under the condition that the Mordell–Weil rank is less than the genus, Chabauty’s method, in combination with other methods such as the Mordell–Weil sieve, has been applied successfully to determine all rational points in many cases.Minhyong Kim’s nonabelian Chabauty programme aims to remove the condition on the rank. The simplest case, called quadratic Chabauty, was developed by Balakrishnan, Besser, Dogra, Müller, Tuitman and Vonk, and applied in a tour de force to the so-called cursed curve (rank and genus both
$3$
).This article aims to make the quadratic Chabauty method small and geometric again, by describing it in terms of only ‘simple algebraic geometry’ (line bundles over the Jacobian and models over the integers).
Conditional mean risk sharing in the individual model with graphical dependencies
Authors: Denuit Michel , Robert Christian Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConditional mean risk sharing appears to be effective to distribute total losses amongst participants within an insurance pool. This paper develops analytical results for this allocation rule in the individual risk model with dependence induced by the respective position within a graph. Precisely, losses are modelled by zero-augmented random variables whose joint occurrence distribution and individual claim amount distributions are based on network structures and can be characterised by graphical models. The Ising model is adopted for occurrences and loss amounts obey decomposable graphical models that are specific to each participant. Two graphical structures are thus used: the first one to describe the contagion amongst member units within the insurance pool and the second one to model the spread of losses inside each participating unit. The proposed individual risk model is typically useful for modelling operational risks, catastrophic risks or cybersecurity risks.
Joint CO2 Mole Fraction and Flux Analysis Confirms Missing Processes in CASA Terrestrial Carbon Uptake Over North America
Authors: Feng Sha , Lauvaux Thomas , Williams Christopher A. , Davis Kenneth J. , Zhou Yu , Baker Ian , Barkley Zachary R. , Wesloh Daniel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTerrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) play a key role in the detection and attribution of carbon cycle processes at local to global scales and in projections of the coupled carbon‐climate system. TBM evaluation commonly involves direct comparison to eddy‐covariance flux measurements. We use atmospheric CO2 mole fraction ([CO2]) measured in situ from aircraft and tower, in addition to flux‐measurements from summer 2016 to evaluate the Carnegie‐Ames‐Stanford‐Approach (CASA) TBM. WRF‐Chem is used to simulate [CO2] using biogenic CO2 fluxes from a CASA parameter‐based ensemble and CarbonTracker version 2017 (CT2017) in addition to transport and CO2 boundary condition ensembles. The resulting “super ensemble” of modeled [CO2] demonstrates that the biosphere introduces the majority of uncertainty to the simulations. Both aircraft and tower [CO2] data show that the CASA ensemble net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 is biased high (NEE too positive) and identify the maximum light use efficiency Emax a key parameter that drives the spread of the CASA ensemble in summer 2016. These findings are verified with flux‐measurements. The direct comparison of the CASA flux ensemble with flux‐measurements confirms missing sink processes in CASA. Separating the daytime and nighttime flux, we discover that the underestimated net uptake results from missing sink processes that result in overestimation of respiration. NEE biases are smaller in the CT2017 posterior biogenic fluxes, which assimilate observed [CO2]. Flux tower analyses reveal an unrealistic overestimation of nighttime respiration in CT2017 which we attribute to limited flexibility in the inversion strategy.
Precise Time Synchronization and Clock Comparison Through a White Rabbit Network‐Based Optical Fiber Link
Authors: Neelam  , Olaniya M. P. , Rathore H. , Sharma L. , Roy A. , De S. , Panja S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrecise transfer of time and frequency signals over long distances as well as clock synchronization to an ultra‐stable reference are very crucial for many of the technological applications as well as for advanced scientific research. These reinforces a wide range of applications such as navigation, power grid management, mobile communication, and so on. In order to compare the performances of two highly stable and accurate atomic clocks, it is desirable that the link between the two clocks, that is, the transmission link has higher level of stability than those clocks. This article describes establishment of an ultra‐stable optical fiber link employing White Rabbit network for transfer of time and frequency signals and also for comparing performance of atomic clocks. Utilizing this link, time signals have been transferred within an uncertainty of ±130 ps at ambient temperature (30°C–40°C) and the instability of the link in terms of modified Allan‐deviation reaches to ∼10−16 within one day of integration time.
Formation and Persistence of Extensional Internally Drained Basins: The Case of the Fucino Basin (Central Apennines, Italy)
Authors: Lanari R. , Faccenna C. , Benedetti L. , Sembroni A. , Bellier O. , Menichelli I. , Primerano P. , Molin P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe interaction between sedimentation/erosion and faulting represents one of the most intriguing topics in landscape and tectonics evolution. Only few studies have been able to document the feedback between faulting and sedimentary loading from field observations. Here, we focus on how sediment loading/unloading influences the dynamics of fault systems in the Fucino basin, in the Central Apennines (Italy). The Fucino basin represents a remarkable case study with respect to the other main extensional basins in the Apennines because of its large dimension, square shape, significant sediment thickness, and its endorheic nature throughout its evolution.We present a detailed structural and geomorphologic analysis of the Fucino basin and its surroundings, investigating the kinematic and geometry of each main fault strand. The slickenlines analysis reveals multiple families of slip‐vectors and timing of activity, suggesting a change in extension slip‐direction from N240° to N200° during middle Pleistocene. Using a local isostatic model, we estimate that up to the 30% of the vertical geological displacement of the faults, which overall ranges from 0.5 to 2.5 km, is related to the sediment loading/unloading. We demonstrate a positive feedback between sedimentation and faulting which may also lead to a reorganization in fault kinematics related to a significant increase in vertical stress. We propose a conceptual model for the permanent endorheic configuration of the Fucino basin, which includes the effect of sediment loading.
The Evolution of Central Volcanoes in Ultraslow Rift Systems: Constraints From D. João de Castro Seamount, Azores
Authors: Romer R. H. W. , Beier C. , Haase K. M. , Eberts A. , Hübscher C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Dom João de Castro seamount in the Hirondelle Basin (Azores) is a central volcano on the ultraslow diverging Terceira Rift axis. The combination of structural and geochemical data provides insights into the evolution of central volcanoes in oceanic rift systems above the Azores melting anomaly. The orientation of fault scarps and volcanic structures at D. João de Castro and the adjacent Castro fissure zone indicate that the regional SW‐NE extending stress field dominates the morphology of the NW Hirondelle Basin. The regional tectonic stress field controls the crustal melt pathways and leads to dike emplacement along fissure zones and the prevalent eruption of mafic lavas. The occurrence of mafic to felsic lavas at D. João de Castro gives evidence for both a deep and a shallow crustal melt reservoir generating a subordinate local stress field at the seamount. New Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotope data along with incompatible trace element ratios indicate that D. João de Castro and the Castro Ridges originated from similarly heterogeneous mantle source but did not form simultaneously. Our new model implies that central volcanoes along the Terceira Rift form by the growth of volcanic ridges and transitioned into circular edifices after magmatic systems generate local changes in the regional lithospheric stress field. The geometry of D. João de Castro and other magmatic systems along the Terceira Rift combined with the alkaline nature of the erupted lavas, and the large lithosphere thickness indicates that young oceanic rifts are more similar to continental rifts rather than mid‐ocean ridges.
Early Oligocene Surface Uplift in Southwestern Montana During the North American Cordilleran Extension
Authors: Li Lin , Fan Majie , Zhu Lu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe topographic history of the North American Cordillera holds the key to understanding the tectonic and geodynamic processes of orogenesis and post‐orogenic collapse. In southwestern Montana and its adjacent regions, previous studies have suggested that the early middle Eocene rollback of the Farallon flat‐slab caused the latest topographic growth, after which regional mean elevations were progressively lowered due to extensional collapse. In this study, we report 60 new Eocene‐Miocene stable hydrogen isotopic values (δD) of hydrated volcanic glass from southwestern Montana to examine regional topographic history during the extension. The δD values show a two‐stage negative shift of ∼35‰ during the late Paleogene, the timing of which is further refined by published ages and new zircon U‐Pb ages. About 19‰ of the negative shift occurred during the late Eocene‐earliest Oligocene (∼40–32 Ma) when global and regional climate experienced cooling, and the shift can be mostly accounted for by climate change. The remaining 16‰ negative shift occurred during the early Oligocene (∼32–30 Ma), which can be best explained by regional surface uplift of 0.9 ± 0.5 km. This inferred surface uplift occurred more than 17 Myr after the initiation of the Cordilleran extension in this region, and thus challenges the traditional assumption of progressive topographic lowering during the post‐orogenic collapse. This surface uplift, if occurred, may reflect lower mantle lithosphere removal in southwestern Montana.
Impacts of Engineered Diversions and Natural Avulsions on Delta‐Lobe Stability
Authors: Carlson Brandee N. , Nittrouer Jeffrey A. , Swanson Travis E. , Moodie Andrew J. , Dong Tian Y. , Ma Hongbo , Kineke Gail C. , Pan Minglong , Wang Yuanjiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractReduced sediment supply and rising sea levels are driving land submergence on deltas worldwide, motivating engineering practices that divert water and sediment to sustain coastal landforms. However, lobe response following channel abandonment by diversions has not been constrained by field‐scale studies. Herein, avulsion and engineered diversion scenarios are explored for the Huanghe delta (China), where three lobes were abandoned in the last 40 yr. Two lobes were completely cut off by diversions, and one naturally by an avulsion. Shoreline retreat rates are strikingly different: ∼400 m/yr for diverted lobes and ∼90 m/yr for avulsed lobe. We hypothesize that this variability is linked to vegetal cover across lobes, and therefore the capacity to buffer hydrodynamic reworking of shoreface sediment. Furthermore, the vegetal cover is related to lobe salinity and elevation, which vary by abandonment style. We offer this as a case study to inform about the efficacy of future delta diversions.
Liquidus Phase Relations and Solid‐Liquid Partitioning in the Fe‐Si‐C System Under Core Pressures
Authors: Hasegawa Masahiro , Hirose Kei , Oka Kenta , Ohishi Yasuo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBoth silicon and carbon have been proposed to be important light elements in the Earth's core, in particular in the inner core. Here we performed melting experiments on the Fe‐Si‐C ternary system at ∼50, ∼136, and ∼200 GPa and determined the liquidus phase relations and the solid/liquid partition coefficients (D) of C and Si. The liquidus field of Fe shrinks at higher pressures, which narrows down the possible outer core liquid composition. Our data also demonstrate that the Fe‐Si binary eutectic liquid reduces its Si concentration to ∼8 wt% with increasing pressure to 330 GPa. We found that the inner core is not an Fe‐Si‐C‐S alloy but likely includes hydrogen when considering the low DC and the strong enhancement of DSi with increasing liquid C abundance. The present‐day core does not include as much as ∼6 wt% Si, suggesting that at least a part of “missing” Si could be sequestrated elsewhere.
Naphthalene‐Derived Secondary Organic Aerosols Interfacial Photosensitizing Properties
Authors: Wang Xinke , Gemayel Rachel , Baboomian Vahe J. , Li Kangwei , Boreave Antoinette , Dubois Clement , Tomaz Sophie , Perrier Sebastien , Nizkorodov Sergey A. , George Christian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe investigated the photosensitizing properties of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed during the hydroxyl radical (OH) initiated oxidation of naphthalene. This SOA was injected into an aerosol flow tube and exposed to UV radiation and gaseous volatile organic compounds or sulfur dioxide (SO2). The aerosol particles were observed to grow in size by photosensitized uptake of d‐limonene and β‐pinene. In the presence of SO2, a photosensitized production (0.2–0.3 µg m−3 h−1) of sulfate was observed at all relative humidity (RH) levels. Some sulfate also formed on particles in the dark, probably due to the presence of organic peroxides. The dark and photochemical pathways exhibited different trends with RH, unraveling different contributions from bulk and surface chemistry. As naphthalene and other polycyclic aromatics are important SOA precursors in the urban and suburban areas, these dark and photosensitized reactions are likely to play an important role in sulfate and SOA formation.
How do Climate Modes Shape the Chlorophyll‐a Interannual Variability in the Tropical Atlantic?
Authors: Chenillat Fanny , Illig Serena , Jouanno Julien , Awo Founi Mesmin , Alory Gaël , Brehmer Patrice 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChlorophyll‐a concentration (Chl‐a) observed by satellite shows a marked seasonal and interannual variability in the tropical Atlantic. This study analyzes how the remotely sensed surface Chl‐a responds to the leading boreal summer climate modes affecting the interannual tropical Atlantic variability over 1998–2018, corresponding to a positive Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation phase. We show that the Atlantic Zonal Mode (AZM) and the North Tropical Atlantic Mode (NTAM) significantly drive the interannual surface Chl‐a variability in the equatorial Atlantic, with different timings and contrasted zonal modulation of the cold tongue. The AZM involves remotely forced wave propagations favoring upwelling in the east and Chl‐a modulation in the core of the cold tongue. Instead, the impact of the NTAM is mainly in the west, in response to locally forced pumping that modulates the western extension of the cold tongue. Such conditions can affect the marine food web, inducing significant variations for ecosystem functioning and fisheries.