bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renoprotective effect of carbamylated darbepoetin and udenafil in ischemia-reperfusion of rat kidney due to the effect of preconditioning and inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B
Authors: Kostina Darya A. , Pokrovskaya Tatiana G. , Poltev Vladimir Y. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Acute kidney injury is a widespread complication in hospitalized patients, with a high mortality rate and long-term complications affecting prognosis and quality of life and with high human and financial costs. In addition, to date, no clear algorithm for the prevention of this type of damage has been developed.
Materials and methods: The research was carried out on male Wistar rats. A 40-minute renal ischemia-reperfusion model was used to model acute kidney injury. Further, the renoprotective properties of carbamylated darbepoetin, udenafil and their combination were assessed based on the analysis of the biochemical studies’ results, dynamics of the renal status and the renal microvasculature, and the pathomorphological picture. A series of experiments was also carried out to assess the contribution of adenosine triphosphate-dependent potassium channels and nuclear factor kappa B to the renoprotective properties of the said agents.
Results and discussion: Prophylactic administration of carbamylated darbepoetin at a dose of 50 μg/kg and udenafil at a dose of 8.7 mg/kg led to a statistically significant decrease in creatinine and blood urea nitrogen, an increase in glomerular filtration rate with a simultaneous decrease in fractional excretion of sodium, as well as an increase in the level of microcirculation in the kidneys and a decrease in the severity of damage according to the data of a pathomor­phological examination at all time points of the experiment. A higher efficiency of correcting ischemic and reperfusion renal injuries was observed when using a combination of the said pharmacological agents. A series of experiments with glibenclamide demonstrated that its preliminary administration levels the renoprotective properties of carbamylated darbepoetin and udenafil. The ability of the studied pharmacological agents to reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced ex­pression of nuclear factor kappa B in mononuclear cells was also demonstrated. The results of the research suggest that the renoprotective effects of carbamylated darbepoetin, udenafil, and their combination are realized through ATP-de­pendent potassium channels and nuclear factor kappa B.
Conclusion: Pharmacological preconditioning with carbamylated darbepoetin and udenafil reduces the severity of acute kidney injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion.
Team Rehabilitation in Inflammatory Arthritis Benefits Functional Outcomes Along With Improved Body Composition Associated With Improved Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Authors: Ajeganova Sofia , Wörnert Margareta , Hafström Ingiäld 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveWe investigated the effect of team rehabilitation in inflammatory arthritis (IA) on body composition and physical function. Further, we examined whether body composition and physical function are associated with disability and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF).MethodsThe participants were 149 patients (74% women) with chronic arthritis, a mean age of 53 (SD 13) years, and mean disease duration of 21 (SD 13) years. They participated in a 4-week team rehabilitation program and were evaluated at prerehabilitation, and at 3 and 12 months postrehabilitation. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and CRF by the Åstrand 6-minute cycle test. ANCOVA with Bonferroni correction and linear mixed models were applied.ResultsAfter 3 and 12 months, there were significant reductions in waist circumference and measures of fat, adjusted for age, sex, and baseline measures. The prevalence of adiposity and central obesity decreased after 12 months. Hand grip strength and timed sit-to-stand (TST) improved together with reduction in Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and increased VO2max after 3 and 12 months. HAQ reduction over time was associated with prerehabilitation measures of lean mass of legs, hand grip strength, TST, and physical activity, and changes in hand grip strength, physical activity, and sedentary time, but not with changes of body composition. VO2max improvement over time was associated with prerehabilitation BMI, waist circumference, measures of fat and lean mass, changes in BMI, waist circumference, and measures of fat.ConclusionIn patients with IA, 4-week team rehabilitation benefited body composition, level of physical functioning, activity, and CRF for up to 12 months. Measures of physical function and activity were linked to HAQ over time, whereas body composition was linked to CRF.
Safety of Peripheral Administration of 3% Hypertonic Saline in Critically Ill Patients: A Literature Review
Authors: Alenazi Ahmed O. , Alhalimi Zahra M. , Almatar Manar H. , Alhajji Taha A. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Hyponatremia and neurocritical injury are life-threatening conditions requiring immediate management with consideration of the safety concerns related to peripheral intravenous administration of hypertonic solutions. Although a central intravenous catheter is the preferred route of administration, central intravenous catheters have many complications and can potentially delay medication administration in urgent situations.

Objective
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of continuous infusion of 3% hypertonic saline via peripheral intravenous administration in critically ill adult patients.

Methods
Data were collected from PubMed and Web of Science from database inception to April 7, 2019. Included studies involved adult patients with hyponatremia and/or neurocritical situations and compared administration of 3% hypertonic saline via peripheral administration with standard supportive care (administration through a central intravenous catheter).

Results
Of 502 articles identified, 7 were included in the review. Three articles were retrospective studies, 2 were prospective studies, 1 was a case series, and 1 was a case report. Infusion-related adverse events and electrolyte abnormalities due to 3% hypertonic saline administration through a peripheral intravenous catheter were minimal and were limited to phlebitis, erythema, edema, hyperchloremia, and hypokalemia with administration at a high infusion rate (83.3 mL/h) and for a prolonged duration (≥ 6 hours). Infusion rate, duration, catheter gauge, and catheter placement may have a role in infusion-related adverse events.

Conclusions
Current recommendations to administer continuous infusions of 3% hypertonic saline through a central intravenous catheter should be reassessed. Peripheral intravenous administration can be used safely and effectively in patients in critical situations.
Safety First: An Ambulation Protocol for Patients With Pulmonary Artery Catheters
Authors: Sharma Stephanie , Lupera Ma Andrea , Chan Alice , Nurok Michael , Ansryan Lianna Z. , Coleman Bernice 
Published: February 2021

Background
Patients with indwelling pulmonary artery catheters have historically been excluded from participating in early mobility programs because of the concern for catheter-related complications. However, this practice conflicts with the benefits accrued from early mobilization.

Objective
The purposes of this quality improvement project were to develop and implement a standardized ambulation protocol for patients with a pulmonary artery catheter in a cardiac surgery intensive care unit and to assess and support safe ambulation practices while preventing adverse events in patients with pulmonary artery catheters.

Methods
From October 2016 through October 2017, this single-center quality improvement project developed and analyzed the implementation of a safe patient ambulation protocol in the cardiac surgery intensive care unit. Frontline nursing staff and the interdisciplinary team were educated on a standardized protocol that facilitated patient ambulation. Data analyzed included distance of ambulation, catheter migration, presence of cardiac dysrhythmias, and adverse events during ambulation.

Results
During this 1-year project, 41 patients participated in 94 walks for a total distance of 13 676.38 m. There were no reported episodes of cardiac dysrhythmia, accidental occlusion of the pulmonary artery, catheter migration, or pulmonary artery rupture related to ambulation with a pulmonary artery catheter.

Conclusions
The use of a standardized ambulation protocol can successfully result in safe mobilization of patients with indwelling pulmonary artery catheters.
Dietary Omega-6 to Omega-3 Fatty Acids Ratio is Correlated with High Molecular Weight Adiponectin Level in Indonesian Office Workers
Authors: Fabiani Helena , Mudjihartini Ninik , Lestari Wiji 
Published: February 2021

Context:
Adiponectin is an adipokine that is secreted by adipocytes and acts to prevent obesity and obesity-related disorders. The high ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids in modern dietary habits in working-age populations, urban areas in particular, is known to play a role in adiponectin secretion. However, previous studies showed inconclusive results.

Aim:
The study aims to determine the association of the dietary omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acids ratio with adiponectin levels in office workers in Jakarta, Indonesia.

Settings and Design:
This cross-sectional study included 55 office workers in East Jakarta, Indonesia.

Methods:
Data were collected via questionnaire, 3-day food record, anthropometric measurement, and serum collection.

Statistical analysis used:
Independent t test was applied to assess the relationship between subjects characteristics and dietary intake with high molecular weight adiponectin levels. Association of dietary omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids ratio and adiponectin were evaluated using Pearson correlation test (P < 0.05).

Results:
There is no statistically significant difference in adiponectin levels based on waist circumference category, as well as categories of physical activity, household income levels, total energy, and total fat intake. Conversely, in female subjects (P = 0.000), subjects with normal body mass index (P = 0.000), higher education levels (P = 0.031), and nonsmoking subjects (P = 0.019), significantly higher adiponectin levels are obtained. The ratio of dietary omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids is negatively correlated with adiponectin (P = 0.004, r = –0.383).

Conclusions:
The decrease in the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids is inversely related to higher level of adiponectin, indicating that dietary changes may potentially play a role in prevention strategies for obesity and obesity-related diseases.
Awareness and knowledge of the practice of therapy radiographers among radiography students - A cross-sectional study
Authors: Habeebu Mohammad , Aminu Abolade , Akpochafor Michael , Adeneye Samuel , Salako Omolola , Agaga Luther Agbonyegbeni , Irurhe Nicholas , Adeoluwa Adeniji 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Cancer is a public health problem affecting all categories of people worldwide and radiation therapy is often the mainstay of management. A successful radiotherapy treatment requires well-skilled professionals such as radiation oncologist, therapy radiographers, and medical physicist. Radiography is an indispensable heart of modern medicine, in the diagnosis and management of diseases. This study was conducted to determine the level of awareness and knowledge of the practice of therapy radiographers among radiography students.

Methods:
This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among radiography students in College of Medicine, University of Lagos over a period of 3 months.

Results:
Majority of the respondents (44.9%) were within the age range of 21–25 years. Majority of the respondents (91.7%) had not had clinical posting on radiotherapy. A few students, 33 (21.2%) had encountered a therapy radiographer during clinical posting. Majority of the respondents (89.7%) had never heard about a therapy radiographer. A minority (19.2%) of the respondents indicated that they would like to be therapy radiographers. Majority of the respondents (44.2%) had no interest because think they do not make good money (9.6%), because they did not know what it entailed (lacked knowledge) (16.0%), and because of the perceived high risk of radiation dose (25.6%).

Conclusion:
This study revealed that radiography majority of radiography students are not aware nor have the knowledge of the practice of therapy radiographers. There is also a lack of interest in these students in becoming therapy radiographers.
Comparison of autorefractor with focometer in patients with refractive errors attending Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria - A cross sectional survey
Authors: Amusan Olaoluwa Olabode , Musa Kareem Olatunbosun , Aribaba Olufisayo Temitayo , Aina Akinsola Sunday , Onakoya Adeola Olukorede , Akinsola Folasade Bolanle 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Uncorrected refractive error is the most common cause of visual impairment globally. Yet, there is paucity of refractionists in rural areas of most developing countries. Thus, there is a need for a cost effective but accurate method of refraction that could be used by rural health workers with minimal training. To compare refractive error measurements of autorefractor with that of focometer with a view to determining the accuracy and reliability of focometer.

Methods:
This was a comparative cross-sectional study conducted among patients with refractive errors attending the Guinness Eye Centre Clinic, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria. Consecutively consenting patients who met the eligibility criteria were recruited until the sample size was attained. All participants had a standardized protocol examination including visual acuity assessment and ocular examination. Refractive error was measured using the autorefractor, focometer and subjective refraction in both eyes of each participant. Comparison was done based on the means of variables of autorefractor, subjective refraction and focometer measurements using the paired-sample t-tests, Pearson's correlation and linear regression. Agreement between the measurements was investigated using the Bland-Altman analysis and reliability of the repeated measurements tested with Cronbach's alpha. The analysis was considered statistically significant when the P < 0.05.

Results:
Four hundred eyes of 200 patients were analyzed in this study. The mean age of respondents was 45.1 ± 16.3yrs and the male:female ratio was 1: 2.1. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean spherical (P < 0.001) and cylindrical (P < 0.001) readings of the focometer and autorefractor. However, the mean difference between the spherical equivalent of focometer and that of the autorefractor was not statistically significant (P = 0.66). Pearson correlation coefficient was high for the compared methods of refraction as both the bivariate linear regression between the autorefractor and focometer, and that between the subjective refraction and focometer showed good linearity. Bland-Altman plot showed good agreement between the mean focometer measurements with both the autorefractor (mean difference = +0.02 ± 0.85 DS; mean difference ± 1.96 standard deviation [SD] = 1.69 to − 1.65 DS) and subjective refractive (mean difference = +0.06 ± 0.72 DS; mean difference ± 1.96 SD = 1.49 to − 1.36 DS) measurements. Cronbach's alpha showed good reliability of focometer and autorefractor repeated measurements.

Conclusion:
This study showed a good correlation and agreement between focometer and autorefractor. Hence, focometer could be used for refraction in low resource settings where locals could be trained in its use.
Sonographic Evaluation of the Pancreas in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Abdulrahman Safa , Ibrahim Ahmed Abdelrahim , Mohamed Mohamed Adam , Gameraddin Moawia , Alelyani Magbool 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Pancreas is a vital insulin-producing gland, and it is subjected to various disorders which produce alteration in the morphology and function. Ultrasound (US) of the pancreas is sensitive for evaluating the gland and provides the accurate diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. The aim of this study is to determine whether there were alterations in pancreatic size and echogenicity in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods:
A total of 100 patients with Type-1 DM (insulin dependent) were examined using the ultrasonography. They were compared to 22 healthy controls. Measurements of the pancreas were performed on type 1 diabetic patients and controls.

Results:
Pancreatic diameters of the head, body, and tail of the pancreas were reduced in Type 1 DM versus controls (1.78 vs. 1.80 cm, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.147 −0.099, P = 0.699 for the head of the pancreas; and 1.093 vs. 1.13 cm: 95% CI: −2.97–1.196, P = 0.484 for the body of the pancreas; 1.12 vs. 1.46 cm, 95% CI: −0.491–0.194, P < 0.001 for the tail of the pancreas). The echogenicity of the pancreas in patients with Type 1 DM increased significantly as the duration of the disease increased (P = 0.015).

Conclusion:
Individuals with Type 1 DM have reduced pancreatic size in comparison with controls. Patients with Type 1 DM have increased echogenicity of the pancreas as the duration of the disease increased.
New markers in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis in the emergency department
Authors: Bedel C , Korkut M , Selvi F 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Acute pancreatitis (AP) may vary in severity, from mild, self-limiting pancreatic inflammation to rapidly progressive life-threatening clinical course. If the severity of AP can be predicted early and treated quickly, it may lead to a decrease in morbidity and mortality rates. There?fore, we aimed to investigate the clinical utility of immature granulocyte count (IGC) and IGC percentage (IG%) in showing the severity of AP in this study.

Methods:
Two hundred and twenty-seven patients who were admitted to our emergency department and diagnosed with AP between March 1 and September 30, 2019, were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups as mild and severe AP (MAP and SAP) according to the severity of the disease. Demographic characteristics of the patients, disease etiology, disease severity, and inflammation markers [white blood cell count (WBC), IGC, IG%, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP)] were recorded. Differences between the groups were statistically analyzed.

Results:
Of the patients included in the study, 183 (80.7%) were in the MAP group and 44 (19.3%) were in the SAP group. The mean WBC, NLR, CRP, IGC, and IG% levels were significantly higher in the SAP group compared to the MAP group. The power of IGC and IG% in predicting SAP was higher than other inflammation markers (WBC, NLR, and CRP) [(AUC for IGC: 0.902; sensitivity: 78.2%; specificity: 92.8%); (AUC for IG%: 0.843; sensitivity: 72.7%; specificity: 84.6%)].

Conclusion:
IGC and IG% show the severity of AP more effectively than WBC, NLR, and CRP, which are traditional inflammation markers.
Comparison of Health-Related Quality of Life in Outpatients with Chagas and Matched Non-Chagas Chronic Heart Failure in Colombia: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Olivera Mario J. , Fory Johana A. , Buitrago Giancarlo 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTChagas disease represents an important cause of heart failure (HF) and affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The study aimed to evaluate and compare the HRQoL of patients with chagasic HF and matched non-Chagas controls to identify factors associated with HRQoL. A cross-sectional study with pair-matched controls was conducted in Colombia. From October 2018 to December 2019, a total of 84 HF patients were screened for study subjects. Four were excluded, resulting in 80 patients for the analysis, among whom 40 patients with Chagas were enrolled as cases and 40 gender- and age-matched non-Chagas patients as controls. The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLWHFQ) were used to measure HRQoL. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained from each subject. Health-related quality of life scores were significantly worse among the Chagas group than among the non-Chagas group in the KCCQ domains of physical functioning and symptoms and in the MLWHFQ scale. In the multivariate analysis, the variables associated with lower HRQoL scores were living alone, obesity, having less than 12 years of education, and an increase in left ventricular diameters in the systole and diastole. Health-related quality of life in patients with chronic HF is impaired across all domains. Chagas patients showed worse HRQoL scores than non-Chagas patients. Six variables, some potentially modifiable, were independently associated with worse HRQoL.
Identification and Characterization of Burkholderia pseudomallei from Localized Pyogenic Infections in Eastern India: A Clinico-Microbiological Study
Authors: Purushotham Prashanth , Mohanty Srujana , Chappity Preetam , Mishra Tushar Subhadarshan , Mahapatra Ashoka 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTMelioidosis, caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, is increasingly recognized in several regions of the globe. The present study was performed to identify and determine the frequency of B. pseudomallei infection in localized pyogenic lesions in eastern India and describe their clinico-microbiological profile. Pus samples were subjected to standard microbiological techniques for isolation and identification of various bacteria, including B. pseudomallei, which were confirmed by PCR. The clinical and demographic details of patients with melioidosis and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of B. pseudomallei isolates were analyzed. Of 245 samples, 126 (51.4%) were culture positive, yielding 137 isolates. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen accounting for 54 (39.4%) isolates, followed by B. pseudomallei accounting for 34 (24.8%) isolates. The mean age of the patients with melioidosis was 39.1 years, with males (24/34; 70.6%) being affected more than females (10/34; 29.4%). A majority of the patients were laborers (12/34; 35.3), followed by homemakers (8/34; 23.5%). Head and neck abscesses (35.3%) were the most common presentation followed by pyogenic lesions of the musculoskeletal system (32.3%) and deep organ abscesses (23.5%). Clinical resolution of infection was observed in 31 (91.2%) patients, relapse in two (5.9%) patients, and death in one (2.9%) patient, respectively. Susceptibility testing revealed all B. pseudomallei isolates to be completely susceptible to the following antimicrobials: ceftazidime, trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, imipenem, and doxycycline, with one (2.9%) resistant to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid. Burkholderia pseudomallei is an emerging etiological agent of localized pyogenic infections in eastern India, affecting a mainly adult male population. An increased vigilance along with appropriate diagnostic techniques helps in accurate diagnosis facilitating appropriate therapy.