bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of flux characteristic in direct torque control using sector rotation strategy
Authors: Tarusan Siti Azura A. , Jidin Auzani , Jamil Mohd Luqman M. , Karim Kasrul Abdul 
Published: December 2021

Stator flux fails to regulate at low operating speed condition is a common drawback for the conventional DTC. It is due to the inevitable of voltage drop across the stator resistance that interrupts the controlling of stator flux in DTC. Hence, a fixed sector rotation strategy is one of the solutions to rectify the raised issue. The strategy is based on the decreasing stator flux droop, which is an easy technique to change the sector of flux locus at a specific angle. However, this strategy only focuses at low operating speed. Thus, the stator flux droop effect at the various speed needs to be analysed. In this paper, an investigation is conducted by using simulation (MATLAB/Simulink) and experimental setup (dSPACE board) where a good agreement has been achieved between the predicted and measured results. The analysis taking into account between the conventional method (without strategy) and the proposed method (with strategy). In conclusion, the influence of stator flux droop is inversely proportional to the operating speed.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin Using Sequencing Reveals Cellular and Molecular Dynamics of Aortic Aging in Mice
Authors: Xie Wenhui , Ke Yilang , You Qinyi , Li Jing , Chen Lu , Li Dang , Fang Jun , Chen Xiaofeng , Zhou Yuanyuan , Chen Liangwan , Hong Huashan 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
The impact of vascular aging on cardiovascular diseases has been extensively studied; however, little is known regarding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related vascular aging in aortic cellular subpopulations.

Approach and Results:
Transcriptomes and transposase-accessible chromatin profiles from the aortas of 4-, 26-, and 86-week-old C57/BL6J mice were analyzed using single-cell RNA sequencing and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing. By integrating the heterogeneous transcriptome and chromatin accessibility data, we identified cell-specific TF (transcription factor) regulatory networks and open chromatin states. We also determined that aortic aging affects cell interactions, inflammation, cell type composition, dysregulation of transcriptional control, and chromatin accessibility. Endothelial cells 1 have higher gene set activity related to cellular senescence and aging than do endothelial cells 2. Moreover, construction of senescence trajectories shows that endothelial cell 1 and fibroblast senescence is associated with distinct TF open chromatin states and an mRNA expression model.

Conclusions:
Our data provide a system-wide model for transcriptional and epigenetic regulation during aortic aging at single-cell resolution.
Utilization of Generic Cardiovascular Drugs in Medicare’s Part D Program
Authors: Ma Iris , Tisdale Rebecca L. , Vail Daniel , Heidenreich Paul A. , Sandhu Alexander T. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Generic medications cost less than brand-name medications and are similarly effective, but brand-name medications are still prescribed. We evaluated patterns in generic cardiovascular medication fills and estimated the potential cost savings with increased substitution of generic for brand-name medications.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of cardiovascular therapies using the Medicare Part D database of prescription medications in 2017. We evaluated drug fill patterns for therapies with available brand-name and generic options. We determined the generic substitution ratio and estimated the potential savings with increased generic substitution at the national, state, and clinician level. We compared states with laws related to mandatory pharmacist generic substitution and patient consent for substitution.

Results:
Of ≈$22.9 billion spent on cardiovascular drugs in Medicare Part D prescription programs in 2017, ≈$11.0 billion was spent on medications with both brand-name and generic options. Although only 2.4% of medication fills were for the brand-name choice, they made up 21.2% of total spending. Accounting for estimated brand-name rebates, generic substitution for these medications would save $641 million, including $135 million in costs shouldered by patients. Furthermore, the minority of clinicians with the lowest generic utilization was responsible for a large proportion of the potential cost savings.

Conclusions:
There are substantial potential cost savings from substituting brand-name medications with generic medications. These savings would be primarily driven by lower use of brand-name therapies by the minority of clinicians who prescribe them at increased rates.
Aesthetics of Turntable Art
Authors: Eadie Jimmy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article explores the transitional and liminal nature of the author’s work and examines the diverse theoretical foundations that inform his creative practice. The particular work discussed here, Wow&Flutter, explores the intermedial relationships between “quotation,” “remediation” and “plunderphonics” within turntable art using acetate vinyl. This work was presented in the Irish Museum of Modern Art (IMMA) and the National Concert Hall, Ireland (NCH), between 2014 and 2018.
MKQA: A Linguistically Diverse Benchmark for Multilingual Open Domain Question Answering
Authors: Longpre Shayne , Lu Yi , Daiber Joachim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Progress in cross-lingual modeling depends on challenging, realistic, and diverse evaluation sets. We introduce Multilingual Knowledge Questions and Answers (MKQA), an open- domain question answering evaluation set comprising 10k question-answer pairs aligned across 26 typologically diverse languages (260k question-answer pairs in total). Answers are based on heavily curated, language- independent data representation, making results comparable across languages and independent of language-specific passages. With 26 languages, this dataset supplies the widest range of languages to-date for evaluating question answering. We benchmark a variety of state- of-the-art methods and baselines for generative and extractive question answering, trained on Natural Questions, in zero shot and translation settings. Results indicate this dataset is challenging even in English, but especially in low-resource languages.1
Reading for Resonance
Authors: Calderbank Annie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article offers a hermeneutic approach attentive to the tangled idiomatic and literary interconnections among biblical texts and other Second Temple literature. It focuses on the expressions of divine presence in the Temple Scroll and their prepositions; the divine presence is ‘upon’ the temple and ‘in the midst’ of the people. This prepositional rhetoric engages recurrences and interconnections within and beyond the Hebrew Bible. It thus evokes multiple interlocking resonances and offers a window onto concepts of temple presence across biblical texts and traditions.
“Instrumentalize” the Assistance: The Changing Legitimacy of ingo s in Democratizing Tunisia
Authors: Marzo Pietro , Cornwall Kerry-Ann 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study provides two theoretical insights that contribute to the debate on the legitimacy of ingo s that promote democracy to intervene in the third countries’ political affairs. First, it argues that the level of legitimacy that political parties endow to ingo s depends on the “instrumental role” that ingo s play in bolstering the achievements of national partners’ goals and is not based on the values and norms that the ingo s promote. Second, it suggests that the degree of legitimacy that political parties grant to ingo s has to be understood as temporarily limited and context dependent. Using the case of ingo s involved in democracy promotion during the Tunisian democratization, this article argues that Tunisian political elites welcomed ingo s assistance during the initial phase of the democracy transition (2011–2014) because their assistance was helpful to enhance the establishment of democracy system and its procedures. The article suggests that since 2015, political parties are showing less enthusiasm about ingo s’ pressure and interference in national affairs because the action of ingo s is no longer useful to their political agenda.
The Namib Turbulence Experiment: Investigating Surface–Atmosphere Heat Transfer in Three Dimensions
Authors: Hilland Rainer V. J. , Bernhofer Christian , Bohmann May , Christen Andreas , Katurji Marwan , Maggs-Kölling Gillian , Krauß Matthias , Larsen Jarl A. , Marais Eugene , Pitacco Andrea , Schumacher Benjamin , Spirig Robert , Vendrame Nadia , Vogt Roland 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Namib Turbulence Experiment (NamTEX) was a multinational micrometeorological campaign conducted in the central Namib Desert to investigate three-dimensional surface layer turbulence and the spatiotemporal patterns of heat transfer between the subsurface, surface, and atmosphere. The Namib provides an ideal location for fundamental research that revisits some key assumptions in micrometeorology that are implicitly included in the parameterizations describing energy exchange in weather forecasting and climate models: homogenous flat surfaces, no vegetation, little moisture, and cloud-free skies create a strong and consistent diurnal forcing, resulting in a wide range of atmospheric stabilities. A novel combination of instruments was used to simultaneously measure variables and processes relevant to heat transfer: a 3-km fiber-optic distributed temperature sensor (DTS) was suspended in a pseudo-three-dimensional array within a 300 m × 300 m domain to provide vertical cross sections of air temperature fluctuations. Aerial and ground-based thermal imagers recorded high-resolution surface temperature fluctuations within the domain and revealed the spatial thermal imprint of atmospheric structures responsible for heat exchange. High-resolution soil temperature and moisture profiles together with heat flux plates provided information on near-surface soil dynamics. Turbulent heat exchange was measured with a vertical array of five eddy-covariance point measurements on a 21-m mast, as well as by collocated small- and large-aperture scintillometers. This contribution first details the scientific goals and experimental setup of the NamTEX campaign. Then, using a typical day, we demonstrate (i) the coupling of surface layer, surface, and soil temperatures using high-frequency temperature measurements, (ii) differences in spatial and temporal standard deviations of the horizontal temperature field using spatially distributed measurements, and (iii) horizontal anisotropy of the turbulent temperature field.
The differential effects of integral pride and gratitude on divergent moral judgment for the self versus others
Authors: Septianto Felix , Tjiptono Fandy , Arli Denni , Sun Jian-Min (James) 
Published: December 2021

Individuals tend to have divergent moral judgment when judging oneself versus others, which is termed moral hypocrisy. While prior research has examined different factors that might influence moral hypocrisy, there are limited insights on the influences of different, discrete emotions. The present research seeks to address this gap and examines the differential influences of pride and gratitude on moral hypocrisy. Results of a pilot study and three main studies demonstrate that pride (but not gratitude) leads to moral hypocrisy. These effects are replicated across different cases of questionable behaviors and prosocial behaviors in a team setting. More importantly, this research identifies one mechanism that potentially explains this effect—the appraisal of self-other similarity. The findings of this research thus provide empirical evidence that distinct emotions arising from an organizational setting can differentially influence moral hypocrisy and offer practical implications. JEL Classification: C91, D23, D91
Sixth Nerve Palsy in Children Etiology, Long-Term Course, and a Diagnostic Algorithm
Authors: Hanna Firas Abu , Jabaly-Habib Haneen , Halachmi-Eyal Orly , Hujierat Muhammad , Sakran Waheeb , Spiegel Ronen 
Published: December 2021

Background Acute onset strabismus is worrisome for parents and physicians. This condition is sometimes attributed to sixth cranial nerve palsy, which may be secondary to various etiologies. Debate still exists about the appropriate diagnostic approach. Objective The objective of this study was to describe the common etiologies of sixth nerve palsy in our pediatric population and to suggest a clear, implementable diagnostic algorithm. Methods The authors conducted an electronic medical review of files of patients admitted to the pediatric department at Emek Medical Center between January 2014 and April 2020. They reviewed the medical records from the study period of patients with the following diagnoses according to the International Classification of Diseases 9: sixth nerve palsy, acute infective polyneuritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, benign intracranial hypertension, malignant neoplasm of the brain, strabismus, myasthenia gravis, and multiple sclerosis. The authors extracted information regarding clinical presentation, previous history, and diagnostic work-up, including serological testing, cerebrospinal fluid testing, and neuroimaging. Final diagnosis and clinical follow-up were assessed. Results Seventeen patients with sixth nerve palsy were identified. The most common etiologies were increased intracranial hypertension and anti-GQ1B syndrome (3 patients each). Conclusions This is a retrospective study of patients diagnosed in one medical center. The suggested algorithm was not validated on a prospective study. The etiologies of sixth nerve palsy in children are variable. The authors suggest performing neuroimaging in all patients and considering serum and cerebrospinal fluid testing in selected patients. Initial neuroimaging combined with laboratory testing is useful and provides rational tools for proper diagnosis.
Air pollution influence on serum inflammatory interleukins: A prospective study in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematous patients
Authors: Farhat Sylvia Costa Lima , Ejnisman Carolina , Alves Andressa Guariento Ferreira , Goulart Maria Fernanda Giacomin , Lichtenfels Ana Julia de Faria Coimbra , Braga Alfésio Luis Ferreira , Pereira Luiz Alberto Amador , Maluf Elias Adriana , Silva Clovis A 
Published: December 2021

Objective To assess the effect of individual exposure, in real-time, to traffic-related pollutants on serum interleukin levels of childhood-onset lupus erythematous systemic (c-SLE) patients. Methods A longitudinal and observational design was conducted in 12 repeated measures of serum samples and clinical evaluations (totaling 108 measurements) of c-SLE patients over 30 consecutive months. Real-time, individual exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was measured with portable monitors. Generalized estimating equation was used to evaluate the association between exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 and the following serum cytokine levels on the 7 days preceding clinical assessment and serum collection: MCP1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-alpha, and TNF-alpha. Disease activity and other risk factors were also controlled. Results An interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5 daily concentration was significantly associated with increased levels of TNF-alpha on the third, fourth, and seventh day after exposure; IL-10 on the third and fourth day after exposure; IL-17 on the third and seventh day after exposure; and INF-alpha on the third day after exposure ( p < 0.05). An IQR increase in 7-day moving average of PM2.5 was associated with a 6.2 pg/mL (95% CI: 0.5; 11.8; p = 0.04) increase in serum IFN-alpha level. An unexpected significant association was observed between an IQR increase in NO27-day cumulative concentration and a decrease of 1.6 pg/mL (95% CI: −2.6; −0.7; p < 0.001) in serum IL-17. Conclusion Real-time exposure to PM2.5 prospectively associated with increased serum TNF-alpha, INF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-17 levels in c-SLE patients.
COVID-19 lockdown in Spain: Psychological impact is greatest on younger and vulnerable children
Authors: Matalí-Costa Josep , Camprodon-Rosanas Ester 
Published: December 2021

In 2020, quarantine home confinement measures were implemented in Spain to control a pandemic for the first time. The objective of this study is to assess both the psychological and social impact of that ‘lockdown’ on different age groups of children and adolescents and also the different strategies adopted by families in that situation. We collected data via an online questionnaire answered by 850 participants, parents of young people aged between 4 and 18, between 24th April and 8th May 2020. Our results show that living in a home smaller than 80 m2 is associated with an increased risk of presenting clinical symptoms of emotional or behavioural distress, with an odds ratio of 2.54 (95% CI: 1.07–6.02), p = 0.034; while increased age is a predictor of better psychological functioning during lockdown: coefficient of 0.25 (95% CI: 0.07–0.41), p = 0.004. Moreover, age is also a marker of higher scores on the scale of psychological symptoms, with a coefficient of 0.02 (95% CI: 0.01–0.04), p = .005. To conclude, younger children present poorer behavioural and emotional functioning and more symptoms of emotional distress than adolescents during lockdown. Living in a small home is a risk factor for presenting clinical symptoms. These findings should be taken into consideration when planning for future home confinement episodes and when considering preventative strategies in the realm of mental health care.
Intra- and inter-rater reliability of compressed breast thickness, applied force, and pressure distribution in screening mammography
Authors: Voigt Martina , Bolejko Anetta , Dustler Magnus 
Published: December 2021

Background Ensuring equivalent and reproducible breast compression between mammographic screening rounds is important for the diagnostic performance of mammography, yet the extent to which screening mammography positioning and compression is reproducible for the individual woman is unknown. Purpose To investigate the intra- and inter-rater reliability of breast compression in screening mammography. Materials and Methods Eleven breast-healthy women participated in the study. Two experienced radiographers independently positioned and compressed the breasts of each participant in two projections—right craniocaudal and left mediolateral oblique—and at two time points. The spatial pressure distribution on the compressed breast was measured using a pressure sensor matrix. Applied force, compressed breast thickness, force in field of view, contact area, mean pressure, and center of mass (anterio-posterior and mediolateral axes) were measured. The reliabilities of the measures between the time points for each radiographer (intra-rater reliability) and between the radiographers (inter-rater reliability) were analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results Intra- and inter-rater reliabilities from both projections demonstrated good to excellent ICCs (≥0.82) for compressed breast thickness, contact area, and anterio-posterior center of mass. The other measures produced ICCs that varied from poor (≤0.42) to excellent (≥0.93) between time points and between radiographers. Conclusion Intra- and inter-rater reliability of breast compression was consistently high for compressed breast thickness, contact area, and anterio-posterior center of mass but low for mediolateral center of mass and applied force. Further research is needed to establish objective and clinically useful parameters for the standardization of breast compression.
Assessment of a New Lateral Cushioned Casting Orthosis: Effects on Peroneus Longus Muscle Electromyographic Activity During Running
Authors: Sánchez-Gómez Rubén , Romero-Morales Carlos , Gómez-Carrión Álvaro , Zaragoza-García Ignacio , Martínez-Sebastián Carlos , Ortuño-Soriano Ismael , Gómez-Lara Arturo , De la Cruz-Torres Blanca 
Published: December 2021

Background: Classical medial wedge (CMW) orthoses have been prescribed to treat overpronation foot pathologies in runners. The effects of a novel supination orthosis (NSO) on the surface electromyography (EMG) activity of the peroneus longus (PL) muscle during a complete cycle of running have yet to be tested. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare the EMG activity of the PL in participants wearing CMW orthoses and NSOs versus neutral running shoes (NRS) during a full cycle of running gait. It was hypothesized that the PL muscle activity would be lower for the NSO compared with CMW or NRS. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Included were 31 healthy recreational runners of both sexes (14 male and 17 female; mean age, 38.58 ± 4.02 years) with a neutral Foot Posture Index and standard rearfoot-strike pattern. Participants ran on a treadmill at 9 km/h while wearing NSO (3-, 6-, and 9-mm thicknesses), CMW (3-, 6-, and 9-mm thicknesses), and NRS, for a total of 7 different conditions randomly selected, while the EMG signal activity of the PL was recorded for 30 seconds. Each trial was recorded 3 times, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to test reliability of the measurements was calculated. The Wilcoxon pair to pair nonparametric test with Bonferroni correction was performed to analyze differences among the conditions. Results: The reliability of all assessments was almost perfect (ICC, >0.81). For both the CMW and NSO, regardless of thickness, the PL activity was statistically significantly lower compared with the NRS ( P < .05 for all). For all CMW thicknesses, the PL activity was lower compared with the respective NSO thicknesses, with the 3-mm thickness having the largest difference (CMW3mm, 18.63 ± 4.64 vs NSO3mm, 20.78 ± 4.99 mV; P < .001). Conclusion: Both CMW and NSO produced reduced EMG activity of the PL muscle; therefore, they can be prescribed to treat overpronation pathologies without associated PL strain concerns. In addition, the NSO saved the enhancement material placed on the medial-rear side of CMW, making it easier to wear sports shoes. Clinical Relevance: Knowing the safety of CMW and NSO will aid in understanding treatments for overpronation pathologies.