bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends of cervical cancer at global, regional, and national level: data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019
Authors: Zhang Xingxing , Yu Danfeng , Cai Wenwen , Ruan Weiqing 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Cervical cancer remains an important global health problem. This article aims to analysis the trend of cervical cancer at global, regional, and national level from 1990 to 2019, which would inform the health decision-making.
Methods

Data on cervical cancer was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. The trends of cervical cancer burden were estimated using estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR).
Results

Globally, the decreasing trends in incidence, death, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) of cervical cancer were observed worldwide from 1990 to 2019, with the respective EAPCs were − 0.38 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.41 to -0.34), -0.93 (95%CI: -0.98 to -0.88), and − 0.95 (95CI%: -1.00 to -0.90). Meanwhile, decreasing trends were also seen in most sociodemographic index (SDI) areas and geographic regions, particularly the trends of death and DALYs in Central Latin America, in which the respective EAPCs were − 2.61 (95%CI: -2.76 to -2.46) and − 2.48 (95%CI: -2.63 to -2.32). However, pronounced increasing trends occurred in the incidence in East Asia (EAPC = 1.33; 95%CI: 1.12 to 1.55). At the national level, the decreasing trends of cervical cancer were observed in most countries/territories, particularly the DALYs in Maldives (EAPC=-5.06; 95%CI: -5.40 to -4.72). Whereas increasing trend were seen in Lesotho, Zimbabwe, and Bulgaria.
Conclusions

Slowly decreasing trends of cervical cancer were demonstrated worldwide from 1990 to 2019. Cervical cancer remains a substantial health problem globally, which required the more effective prevention and control strategies.
Epigenetic clock detected a breast cancer mitosis subtype with improved immunotherapy
Authors: Shang Shipeng , Li Xin , Gao Yue , Guo Shuang , Zhou Hanxiao , Sun Dailin , Liu Hongjia , Zhi Hui , Wang Peng , Bai Jing , Ning Shangwei , Li Xia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Epigenetic clock based on DNA methylation can estimate the epigenetic age of tissue and cell that can describe the process of aging. However, the exploration of diseases by the epigenetic clock is still an uncharted territory. Our objective was to assess the role of the epigenetic clock in breast cancer.
Methods

In this study, DNA methylation data of breast tissue sample was download from TCGA and GEO database. DNA methylation level of CpG sites and age of samples was calculated by using pearson correlation test. Differentially expressed genes were identified using the limma package and Kruskal-Wallis test was used for the difference between cancer subtypes.
Results

We developed a workflow to construct the Breast Epigenetic Clock (BEpiC) that could accurately predict the chronological age of normal breast tissue. Furthermore, the BEpiC was applied to breast cancer to identify three breast cancer subtypes (including development, homeostasis, and mitosis) by using the deviation between epigenetic age and chronological age. Interestingly, the prognosis of the three breast cancer subtypes is significantly different. In addition, the three breast cancer subtypes had distinct differences in multiple immune cells and the mitosis subtype had the highest tumor mutation burden that was used to estimate response to checkpoint inhibitors.
Conclusion

Our model highlights that epigenetic age of breast cancer samples had an important impact on immunotherapy. We constructed a BEpiC web server (http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/BEpiC/) where users submit DNA methylation data and age information to predict the epigenetic age of breast tissue and breast cancer subtypes.
Trial registration
Not applicable
Changes in Spectral CT Iodine Densities before and after TIPS in HBV-related liver cirrhosis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Wang Lei , Wang Rengui , Zhang Chunyan , Yue Zhendong , Zhao Hongwei , Fan Zhenhua , Wu Yifan , Zhang Yu , Liu Fuquan , Dong Jian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives To compare changes in spectral CT iodine densities of hepatic parenchyma and vessels before and after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver cirrhosis. Materials and Methods Twenty-five patients with HBV-related liver cirrhosis who received TIPS for gastroesophageal varices bleeding were recruited. Each patient underwent three phases contrast CT before and after TIPS within 4 weeks, with the raw data reconstructed at 1.25-mm-thick slices. Iodine density (in milligrams per milliliter) was measured on iodine-based material decomposition image. Multiple regions of interest (ROIs) in liver parenchyma, aorta and portal vein were selected from three slices of images. Portal vein trunk was set as the central one, and mean liver parenchymal iodine densities from arterial phase (AP), venous phase (VP) and equilibrium phase (EP) were recorded. Quantitative indices of iodine density (ID), including normalized ID in liver parenchyma for arterial phase (NIDLAP), ID of liver parenchyma for venous phase (IDLVP), ID of portal vein in venous phase (IDPVP) and liver arterial iodine density fraction (AIF), were measured and compared before and after TIPS. Results Based on Child-Pugh stage, 4, 12 and 9 patients were classified as grade A, B, and C, respectively. Liver volume was comparable before and after TIPS (1110.5±287.4 vs. 1092.0±276.3, P = 0.28). After TIPS, ID was decreased in aorta (146.0±34.5 vs. 120.9± 30.7, P<0.01) whereas increased in liver parenchyma at arterial phase, as demonstrated by IDAP (9.3±3.1 vs. 13.4±4.4 mg/mL) and AIF (0.40±0.11 vs. 0.58 ± 0.11, P<0.01). For venous or equilibrium phase, quantitative indices remained stable (23.1±4.5 vs. 23.0±5.3, 19.8±4.1 vs. 19.4±4.6) mg/mL (Ps>0.05). For portal vein, ID and NID were increased after TIPS (23.1±11.7 vs. 36.5±13.0, 16.4±8.5 vs. 31.8±12.8) (P<0.01). No positive correlation between iodine density and preoperative Child-Pugh score was observed. Conclusions Based on iodine density measurement, spectral CT as a noninvasive imaging modality may assess hemodynamic changes before and after TIPS in HBV-related liver cirrhosis.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Early-onset Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in a Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit: A Single-center Retrospective Study
Authors: teng guojie , Wang Ning , Nie Xiuhong , Zhang Lin , Liu Hongjun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background:Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a severe infection among patients in the neurosurgery intensive care unit (NICU).Methods:We retrospectively evaluated risk factors for early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (EOVAP) from January 2019 to December 2019 at a NICU. A total of 89 NICU patients who were intubated within 48 hours of onset and whose mechanical ventilation time was longer than 7 days were enrolled. The enrolled patients had no history of chronic lung disease and no clinical manifestations of infection before intubation. Clinical data of patients were recorded, and the incidence of and risk factors for EOVAP were analyzed. Patients were also grouped by age (≥65 vs. <65 years) and whether they had received hypothermia treatment or not.Results:Among 89 mechanically ventilated patients (49 men and 40 women; median age 60.1±14.3 years), 40 patients (44.9%) developed EOVAP in 7 days and 14 patients (15.7%) had multidrug resistant bacteria. Binary logistic regression analysis indicated that older age (≥65years) (odds ratio [OR]: 0.267, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.101-0.709, P=0.008) and therapeutic hypothermia (OR: 0.235, CI: 0.075-0.738, p=0.013) were independent predictors of EOVAP. Levels of peripheral blood leukocytes, neutrophils and platelets were lower in the therapeutic hypothermia group than those that did not receive hypothermia treatment.Conclusions:This study found that older age (≥65years) and therapeutic hypothermia were independently associated with the risk of EOVAP in NICU patients.
A Comprehensive Investigation of Chitosan/tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: akbari mona , Akbari Maryam , Rahimi Zohreh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Chitosan/tripolyphosphate (CS/TPP) nanoparticles have been widely investigated in many applications. Many experimental studies evaluated effective parameters on CS/TPP nanoparticles without a comprehensive study to explain the influence of parameters on nanoparticles. The purpose of present work was to build a mathematical model capable of predicting the particle size and zeta potential of CS/TPP nanoparticles using seven significant factors, including CS and TPP concentrations, deacetylation degree of CS (DD), the molecular weight of CS, pH of CS solution and temperature, and their interactions on the size and zeta potential of CS/TPP nanoparticles. A model was built using artificial neural network including properties of nanoparticles as input with particle size and zeta potential as output. Artificial neural networks (ANN) models were used based on 8 experimental works consisting 160 data to estimate the variation tendency of size and zeta potential. The established model successfully predicted particle size and zeta potential of nanoparticles covering a range of 50-1000 nm. All parameters had significant effects on the size, the interaction between parameters changed the relationship pattern between them. In addition, results indicated that the main reason for the unexplained difference in previous works is the interactions between parameters. In addition, there is a relationship between size and zeta potential, which is due to the attractive and repulsive electrostatic charges, ionic interactions, CS chain length and viscosity. The ANN models in this work were valid for other papers.
Survey of ICU Teaching Rounds: Secrets to Improve Learner Satisfaction
Authors: Xu Jingyuan , Chen Hui , Xie Bo , Zhou Zhihao , Peng Zhendan , Yang Yi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Unique challenges of teaching in the ICU come from the complexity of critically ill patients. This study was designed to examine the different teaching patterns and learners’ emotion load to achieve learners satisfaction on rounds. Methods: The survey of learners was performed on their practices and perceptions of rounds using social media. Results: A total of 82 learners with 195 responses were received. Pathophysiology-based analysis on worsened conditions, problem-based teaching and feedback, discussion about past experience were top three teaching behaviors on rounds, in addition, interesting and storytelling presentation, and evidence-based medicine were significantly correlated with learner satisfaction. However, the leaners still have the expectations for further improvement of some teaching behaviors. During rounding, tense, calm, nervous, relaxed and excited were the most top learners’ emotions, only excited was significantly correlated with learners satisfaction. Conclusions: Pathophysiology-based analysis on worsened conditions, problem-based teaching and feedback, discussion about past experience are top three teaching behaviors during the rounding, however, learners might be dissatisfied barely with these teaching pattens. Teachers should focus on key skills on rounds to enhance satisfaction.
Predicting Parkinson’s Disease Medication Regimen Using Sensor Technology
Authors: Watts Jeremy , Khojandi Anahita , Vasudevan Rama , Nahab Fatta B. , Ramdhani Ritesh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) medication treatment planning is generally based on subjective data through in-office, physicianpatient interactions. The Personal KinetiGraphTM (PKG) has shown promise in enabling objective, continuous remote health monitoring for Parkinson’s patients. In this proof-of-concept study, we propose to use objective sensor data from the PKG and apply machine learning to subtype patients based on levodopa regimens and response. We apply k-means clustering to a dataset of with-in-subject Parkinson’s medication changes—clinically assessed by the PKG and Hoehn & Yahr (H&Y) staging. A random forest classification model was then used to predict patients’ cluster allocation based on their respective PKG data and demographic information. Clinically relevant clusters were developed based on longitudinal dopaminergic regimens—partitioned by levodopa dose, administration frequency, and total levodopa equivalent daily dose—with the PKG increasing cluster granularity compared to the H&Y staging. A random forest classifier was able to accurately classify subjects of the two most demographically similar clusters with an accuracy of 87:9 ±1:3
Distinct effects of winter monsoon and westerly circulation on dust aerosol transport over East Asia
Authors: Yang Liu , Shi Zhengguo , Sun Hui , Xie Xiaoning , Liu Xiaodong , An Zhisheng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The transport of dust aerosol in East Asia is affected by the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) and westerly circulation both for modern and geological periods. There are obvious seasonal changes in the intensity and range of EAWM and westerly jet; however, their impacts and relative contributions to East Asian dust transmission are still unclear. In this study, we use Regional Climate Model 4 (RegCM4) to simulate the changes in the East Asian dust cycle under present conditions, assessing the effects of EAWM and westerly jet on dust transport. The results show that the dust at the upper level is mainly transported by the westerly circulation, while that of the lower layer is mainly transported by the EAWM. In March, the westerly jet is located on the south side of the Tibet Plateau and the high-level dust aerosol is transmitted eastward to the northern Pacific. Low-level dust is transmitted to the southeastern China with the influence of EAWM. With the northward shift of the westerly jet, the control range of the westerly winds increases in May and their correlations are weakened. In contrary, the impact of EAWM on the lower layer dust is enhanced. Due to the strengthened interaction between the westerly winds and the EAWM, they can both affect the middle-level dust transmission. The effect of EAWM is sensitive to the dust particle sizes. Under the action of EAWM, fine-grained dust is transmitted far away, while coarse-grained dust is limited to the vicinity of the source area. Once the dust is carried to the westerly layer, the influence of westerly winds on the transmission of different particle sizes dust is similar.
Metformin acts to suppress β-hydroxybutyric acid-mediated inflammatory responses through activation of AMPK signalling in bovine hepatocytes
Authors: Xu Tianle , Lu Xubin , Arbab Abdelaziz Adam Idriss , Wu Xinyue , Mao Yongjiang , Yang Zhangping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The occurrence of bovine ketosis involves the accumulation of β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), which contributes to the initiation and acceleration of hepatic metabolic stress and inflammation. Metformin has other beneficial effects apart from its medical intervention for diabetes. This study aims to uncover the role of metformin in modulating BHBA-induced inflammatory responses through the activation of AMPK signalling. Bovine hepatocytes isolated from cows at around 160 days in milk (DIM) were used in this study. Moreover, primary bovine hepatocytes were used for the treatment with BHBA and pretreatment of metformin at different doses. The results demonstrated that BHBA at 1.2 mM triggered the activation of NF-κB signalling and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression. Along with the upregulation of phosphorylated AMPKα and ACCα, metformin at 1.5 and 3 mM inactivated NF-κB signalling components (p65 and IκBα) and the inflammatory genes (TNFA, IL6, IL1B and COX-2) which were activated by BHBA. Additionally, the pretreatment with metformin increased the BHBA-inhibited cells proliferation. The activation of AMPK resulted in the increased gene and protein expression of SIRT1, along with the deacetylation of H3K9 and H3K14. However, the AMPK inhibitor compound C blocked this effect. Compared to BHBA treated cells, the expression of COX-2 and IL-1β were decreased by the pretreatment with metformin, and the inhibitory effect of metformin was released by compound C. The NF-κB displayed higher binding activity onto IL1B promoter, and this was suppressed by pretreatment with metformin. Altogether, metformin attenuates the BHBA-induced inflammation through the inactivation of NF-κB as a target for AMPK/SIRT1 signalling in bovine hepatocytes.
Thermo-mechanical and metallurgical model of leaf spring industrial quenching process
Authors: SLAMA Salma , JABEUR Moez BEN , MANSOURI Khalil , ZAIN-UL-ABDEIN Muhammad , BESSROUR Jamel , BOUHAFS Mahmoud , MOKDADI Hassan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study is a numerical analysis of the industrial quenching process for leaf springs developed by the CAVEO company. The leaf chosen for this study is of a parabolic profile made of EN-51CrV4 steel (AISI 6150). The aim of this study is to set up a numerical model to predict thermal, metallurgical, and mechanical behavior of a leaf spring from exit of the heating furnace to exit of the quenching bath going through a cambering operation. This study would therefore allow the company to switch from a development scheme based on experiments using physical prototypes tested on the production line to a new scheme based on virtual prototypes using numerical simulation. The development of the numerical model using the finite element method is carried out using the ABAQUS/Implicit solver coupled with two user subroutines Phase and UMAT. The first one have been developed to compute microstructure evolution and the second one to define the constitutive law taking into account phase transformations. This model helps us to follow the spatio-temporal evolutions of temperature and microstructure in the leaf, as well as the variation of the leaf deflection during the process. The proposed numerical model is supported by an experimental protocol based on infrared thermographic images, Rockwell-C hardness measurements, metallographic observations, and deflection measurements. Indeed, the results of the proposed thermo-mechanical and metallurgical model are closed to experimental results.
Rhubarb alleviates acute lung injury by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice
Authors: Tang Tingyu , Wang Fei , Liu Juan , Ye Wu , Zhao Tian , Li Zhijun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Intestinal microbiota disorders can aggravate pulmonary inflammation during acute lung injury (ALI). Rhubarb, a Chinese herb, can regulated the gut microbiota. Therefore, this study was conducted to test the hypothesis that rhubarb alleviates gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation.
Methods
Feces were collected from patients with ALI to detect the gut microbiota using 16S rDNA sequencing. Subsequently, a mouse model of ALI was established using lipopolysaccharide to investigate changes in the gut microbiota, the periperal blood was attained for detecting the Th17/Treg cell ratio and the serum level of HDAC6 and HDAC9, and the effect of rhubarb treatment on the gut microbiota and Th17/Treg ratio were also evaluated.
Results
Both the Firmicutes phyla decreased and the Bacteroidetes increased were identified in patients with ALI, which induced the alternation of histone metabolites. The rat models also showed a similar imbalance in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Rhubarb treatment alleviated the damaged lung tissue, accelerated Alistipes, Clostridiales and Lactobacillus proliferation, increased the level of HDAC6 in both the mice lung tissue and serum, and markedly reduced the Treg cells and increased the Th17 cells in the spleen tissue.
Conclusion
we determined that both patients and mouse models presented gut microbiota dysbiosis and Th17/Treg cell imbalances. Rhubarb promoted Alistipes, Clostridiales and Lactobacillus proliferation, increased the HDAC6 concentration, restored the Th17/Treg cell balance, and protected against ALI.
NatDisP – An Intelligent Natural Disaster Predictor
Authors: Mittapalli Jishnu Saurav , Mutha Jainav Amit , R Maheswari 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Natural disasters are adverse actions that happen due to the natural processes of the earth. In today’s world with so much pollution, global warming and because of so many reasons, natural disasters are happening far more than they used to happen before and many people in the world face problems, lose their houses, livelihoods and even their houses. It is really painful to get to know the effects of these natural disasters. So, this paper proposes a model which helps us predict natural disasters before they happen using wireless technologies. In this paper modern technologies like IOT, artificial intelligence and machine learning are used. Here for the prediction of each disaster, data/signals given by nature are used , for example for the earthquake module the seismic signals from the earth are used, systems like UNITE are used where the sensors placed in the earth to get the seismic data. For the other disasters also such data is taken from signals given by nature. A detailed explanation on how disasters are predicted based on these simple signals and data from nature is given. In this paper solutions based on wireless technologies to solve some after effects of these natural disasters are also suggested . So, basically our idea is to have all disasters predicted in one place using modern computer science technologies.
Sustainable Alternative Ceiling Boards using Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) and Balanite Shell (BS)
Authors: I. Ichetaonye S. , K. Ajekwene K. , B Ulaeto S. , M Yibowei , khan Imran , khan anish , Asiri Abdullah M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental study to investigate the sustainable alternativeceiling boards using Palm Kernel Shell (PKS) and Balanite Shell (BS). The ceiling boards were prepared by mixing (BS/binder, PKS/binder and PKS/BS/binder) at different ratios of (20/80, 40/60, 60/40 and 80/20) and represented as samples (A1, A2, A3 and A4), (B1, B2, B3 and B4) and (C1, C2, C3 and C4) respectively. The samples werecast by flat press process in rectangular sheet shape mould of 187mm x 125 mm x 3mm. The samples were cut into specimen sizes of 30 mm x 40 mm and tested for dry shrinkage, water absorption, apparent porosity, bulk density,flaking, and hardness properties. Morphology of the samples were examined using SEM. Results of the analysis show that irrespective of the filler loadings the properties of PKS / binder particularly at 20/80 ratio (B1) displayed better dry shrinkage of 3.7 %; water absorption of 12.4 %; apparent porosity of 15 %; bulk density of 2.3 g/cm3; flaking of 0.05g and hardness of 57.6 Hv which approximates those of the conventional specimen (Control) with a more better physical properties compared to BS / binder at 20/80 ratio (A1) with dry shrinkage of 6.1 %; water absorption of 33 %; apparent porosity of 35 %; bulk density 1.2 g/cm3; flaking of 0.36g; hardness of 26.2 Hv and PKS / BS / binder at 20/80 ratio (C1)with dry shrinkage of 9.8 %; water absorption of 30 %; apparent porosity of 32 %; bulk density 1.4 g/cm3; flaking of 0.1g; hardness of 36.7 Hv. These results therefore suggest that PKS could be used as a sustainable alternative in the production of ceiling boards.