bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometry early predicts bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics
Authors: Anziliero Eduarda Bassi , Guizzo João Antônio , Gressler Leticia Trevisan , Anziliero Deniz , Frandoloso Rafael , Kreutz Luiz Carlos 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To evaluate a flow cytometry protocol to test bacteria for antimicrobial susceptibility. Methods: We used antimicrobial drugs, a strain of Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) susceptible to all antimicrobials, and clinical isolates of E. coli resistant to the same drugs. Prior to testing, the susceptibility of all isolates was tested by the disc-diffusion method. For flow cytometry, standard concentrations of antimicrobial drugs were added to E. coli bacteria, incubated for 1 to 3 h at 37ºC, stained with propidium iodine and analyzed by flow cytometry. As controls, each bacterial isolate, at each indicated time, was also collected and seeded on Luria Bertani agar plate to enumerate the number of viable cells by the classical method. The growing/survival rate was evaluated in the same samples after incubating for 24h at 37ºC. Results: Antimicrobial susceptibility was estimated at 1 and 3 hours but at this time a higher number of viable cells was detected by flow cytometry compared to colonies counting on agar plates. Conclusion: Flow cytometry allows early evaluation of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and can be optimized and used as an alternative tool to detect multi-resistant bacterial isolates.
Los warao del Delta del Orinoco: aspectos de su cosmogonía, etnografía y situación actual
Authors: González Ñáñez Omar Enrique 
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo ofrece una visión etnográfica del pueblo amerindio warao, una sociedad lingüísticamente independiente de aproximadamente 30.088 individuos (año 2011) que viven en el estuario del Delta del Orinoco, ubicado al noroeste de Venezuela, lugar donde dicho río desemboca en el Océano Atlántico, estando, además, muy próximo a la República de Trinidad y Tobago. En el texto se destaca aspectos mostrados por la etnografía tradicional respecto a la cultura warao, su importante cosmogonía, cosmología y algunos pasajes de su etnohistoria y mitología. Son mencionados también ciertos aspectos de salud, alimentación, economía y situaciones actuales sobre migración y éxodo de su hábitat no solo hacia el centro de Venezuela, sino a otros lugares como Guyana y Brasil.
Produção, validação e avaliação de um jogo didático sobre o tema Corpo Humano para o Ensino Médio Regular
Authors: Costa Rosa Cristina , Miranda Jean Carlos 
Published: February 2021

Partindo do pressuposto que quando o discente tem prazer nas atividades realizadas, a aprendizagem torna-se mais atrativa e significativa, motivando-o na construção do conhecimento e sendo protagonista de sua trajetória acadêmica, e sabendo que diversos autores ressaltam a influência positiva do uso de jogos didáticos no processo ensino-aprendizagem, o presente trabalho objetivou a produção, a validação e a avaliação de um jogo didático como ferramenta auxiliar na abordagem de conteúdos sobre o tema Corpo Humano. O jogo didático foi aplicado aos discentes do Ensino Médio do Colégio Estadual Rui Guimarães de Almeida, no município de Santo Antônio de Pádua-RJ. A validação do jogo foi feita por meio da aplicação de dois questionários (de sondagem do conhecimento e de verificação de aprendizagem). A avaliação da funcionalidade técnica do jogo foi realizada por meio da aplicação do questionário de usabilidade. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o jogo didático “Viagem Pelo Corpo Humano” atingiu o seu objetivo didático-pedagógico, de forma que pode ser considerado apropriado como ferramenta que contribui no processo de aquisição do conhecimento.
Utilização das folhas de comigo-ninguém-pode (<em>Dieffenbachia seguine</em>) como bioadsorvente para a remoção de íons metálicos
Authors: Sousa Francivaldo de , Sousa José Sérgio de , Silva Afranio Gabriel da , Marques Diego Isaias Dias , Quirino Max Rocha , Lucena Guilherme Leocárdio 
Published: February 2021

<p>A presença de metais pesados pode tornar-se motivo de preocupação em função da possibilidade de movimentação e consequente contaminação de camadas superficiais do solo e águas subterrâneas, comprometendo a saúde de plantas e animais. Dentre os métodos de descontaminação, a bioadsorção tem apresentando bons resultados econômicos e ecológicos.<strong> </strong>Neste trabalho, folhas da planta comigo-ninguém-pode (CNP) foram utilizadas na remoção de íons Cu<sup>2+</sup> de soluções aquosas. Realizou-se a desidratação das folhas da planta em estufa, até massa constante, em seguida procedeu as etapas de pulverização e peneiramento. Os ensaios de adsorção foram realizados em batelada, sendo composto por 0.5 g das folhas desidratas com 100 mL de soluções aquosas de CuSO<sub>4</sub> com diferentes concentrações. Uma avaliação do teor de íons oxalatos presentes nas folhas foi realizada pela técnica de permanganimetria. A caracterização e quantificação foi realizada pelas técnicas de difração de raios-X e espectroscopia de absorção atômica. Os resultados dos ensaios de adsorção mostraram que as folhas de CNP apresentaram 93% de remoção de Cu<sup>2+</sup> quando testados em uma solução cuja concentração do metal foi de 600 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. Os difratogramas de raios-X confirmaram que o metal adsorvido incorporou na estrutura das folhas. O estudo cinético mostrou que a adsorção de Cu<sup>2+</sup> pelas folhas de CNP obedecem ao modelo matemático de pseudossegunda ordem. O bioadsorvente testado neste trabalho apresentou elevada eficiência na descontaminação de efluentes contendo íons Cu<sup>2+</sup>. A utilização do processo utilizado propõe um mecanismo de descontaminação eficiente, de baixo custo e elevado valor ecológico, além de promover uma funcionalidade a uma espécie de planta tóxica.</p><p><strong></strong><strong>Palavras chave</strong>: Bioadsorção, oxalatos, cinética.</p>
El patrimonio bibliográfico de España e Hispanoamérica: convergencias y divergencias
Authors: Castro Viguera Yenifer , Chávez Montejo Yarelys 
Published: February 2021

Objetivos. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo el análisis de la concepción de patrimonio bibliográfico en el marco científico y legislativo, así como el estudio del régimen jurídico español de protección del mismo y el panorama hispanoamericano al respecto. Metodología. El proceso investigativo se ha basado en el examen de disposiciones normativas nacionales de España e Hispanoamérica, directrices de organismos internacionales, catálogos y sitios web de bibliotecas y otros centros de información, así como en la revisión bibliográfica especializada en el tema del patrimonio bibliográfico y/o histórico-cultural. Resultados. Tras el estudio realizado, se constata que aún subsisten deficiencias en muchos de los países concernidos, así como políticas heterogéneas en cuanto al tratamiento del acervo bibliográfico de carácter patrimonial. Conclusiones. Se subraya la necesidad de continuar avanzando en la integración regional, a través de normas y estrategias conjuntas de preservación y difusión del patrimonio bibliográfico, entre ellas los catálogos colectivos, bajo las directrices de organismos internacionales como la UNESCO, IFLA y ABINIA.
BEVAN, R. La destrucción de la memoria. La arquitectura en guerra. Valencia: La Caja. Gestión del Patrimonio, 2019.
Authors: Montiel Vera José Antonio 
Published: February 2021

El libro aborda las apreciaciones culturales sobre el patrimonio arquitectónico de las diferentes sociedades que han vivido la destrucción y la reconstrucción de su memoria colectiva durante y después de las guerras mundiales e interétnicas que afectaron la vida cotidiana de las naciones y de los espacios locales.A grandes rasgos es una obra que nos permite acceder a la parte más subjetiva de la historia. A través del estudio de los efectos de la guerra en el patrimonio cultural arquitectónico de diferentes poblaciones del mundo, el autor reconstruye las experiencias humanas en situaciones de intervención bélica para explicar cómo se ha destruido la base simbólica de la memoria de un pueblo. Se interesa en reconstruir la historia del mundo, de sus guerras mundiales y sus guerras locales, ya que todas atentan contra la memoria, esta historia la lleva al campo de las imágenes en donde el patrimonio resiste o sucumbe ante los nuevos poderes. Con varios ejemplos que van desde la toma de Jerusalén en el siglo VI a la revolución francesa, de la destrucción de Versalles (1939) a la destrucción de Bagdad (2003), entre otros acontecimientos, el libro hace una dialéctica entre memoria y cultura material para explicar los significados que un grupo social otorga a las manifestaciones arquitectónicas.
El patrimonio Industrial Hidráulico en Sierra Nevada
Authors: Guerrero Ruiz Juan Carlos 
Published: February 2021

Del diverso patrimonio industrial minero de la comarca del Zenete ( Granada ), la historia de las centrales hidráulicas y sus maquinistas, contienen el conocimiento y la sabiduría tecnológica que se produjeron en los inicios de la industrialización, con la generación de la energía eléctrica y neumática a finales del siglo XIX.Este patrimonio, no tiene un valor histórico-artístico, no goza de un valor estético ni tampoco funcional en la actualidad, pero representa una parte de la cultura popular de la clase trabajadora, encierra la vida de los hombres y mujeres, campesinos explotados por la industria colonial minera, descubridores de una nueva economía moderna de asalariados que supone la transformación de su estructura social.Actualmente conforma un conjunto patrimonial histórico sin protección en riesgo de desaparecer.
Discourse between the Regional and Universal Nature of the Functioning of the League of Arab States
Authors: Kuchyk Oleksandr , Vasyltsiv Svyatoslav 
Published: February 2021

Discussion of the political situation in the modern Arab statehood does not take into account the participation of the League of Arab States in the debates about the inception of the UN system, which arose after the Second World War. At an early stage, this institution did not have a full-fledged universalism, and the integration cooperation of the League of Arab States was confined to a security policy framework. Subsequently, the desire to influence the nature of the ideas and institutions that would shape the United Nations was completely lost. The League of Arab States has also never been committed to the logic of the global south. However, the UN can occasionally be disavowed in the diplomatic processes of the League, which have been tactically used by member states as a channel to maximize regional influence on internal Arab challenges other than the global order.	Key words: Arab League; United Nations; Middle East; North Africa; regionalism; sovereignty; universalism; security.
Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Candida Isolates Causing Vulvovaginitis in Reproductive Age Women
Authors: Shrestha Pabitra , Pokharel Sunil Mani , Shrestha Anima 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: The study was designed to isolate and identify Candida species from high vaginal swab, and to determine the antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida spp. among women of reproductive age group i.e. 15- 50 years old.
Methods: High vaginal swabs were processed to isolate Candida species and identified by Gram’s stain, germ tube formation test, carbohydrate (glucose, sucrose, maltose, lactose) fermentation tests and antifungal susceptibility test were performed as recommended by Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute.
Results: Out of total 261 samples, 42.1% (110/261) were found to be culture positive for Candida spp. Candida albicans was the most common (56.4%) and among non-albicans, predominate species was C. krusei (19.1%) isolated from high vaginal swab specimens All the isolates of Candida species were sensitive to Nystatin and Miconazole and resistant to Itraconazole. Fluconazole, Itraconazole and Clotrimazole are widely used drug against vaginal candidiasis but showed high resistance which leads to treatment failure.
Conclusion: This study on the infection rate of Candida and its antifungal susceptibility pattern may help in the choice of appropriate therapy in the clinical setting.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Salmonella Enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A Isolated From Patients Suspected of Enteric Fever
Authors: Niroula Dhirendra , Shrestha Jyotsna , Sharma Supriya , Singh Anjana 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: The study aimed to assess the antibiotic susceptibility profile of Salmonella spp isolated from patients suspected of enteric fever.
Methods: This cross-sectional prospective study was carried out from April to June, 2014among 484 patients clinically suspected of enteric fever visiting Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Blood sample collected from each patient was processed for culture in bile broth. Identification of Salmonella spp was done by conventional microbiological techniques including colony characteristics, Gram's staining and biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of identified isolates was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method following the 2014 CLS I guideline.
Results: Out of 484 blood samples, 36 (7.43%) cases showed the growth of Salmonella spp; of which 27 (75%) were Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (ST) and 9 (25%) were Salmonella enterica Paratyphi A (SPA). Among the Salmonella isolates, 5.55% were multidrug resistant and 41.66% were fluoroquinolone resistant. More than 80% of isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, and cotrimoxazole whereas 58%, 50% and 6% of isolates were sensitive to fluoroquinolone antibiotics i.e. ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and nalidixic acid respectively. All the isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime. All SPA and 89% of ST were sensitive to azithromycin.
Conclusion: Higher percentage of susceptible isolates to chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, and amoxicillin suggests the reconsideration of these antibiotics for the treatment of enteric fever. Azithromycin can be considered as drug of choice for the treatment of enteric fever.
Characterization of β-Galactosidase from Lactose Utilizing Yeast Isolated from the Dairy Sample
Authors: Dahal Bivek , Karki Sujan , Adhikari Nabaraj , Shrestha Upendra Thapa 
Published: February 2021

Objectives: The objective of the study was to isolate lactose positive yeasts from dairy samples collected from local markets of Kathmandu, to extract crude β-galactosidase from the lactose positive yeast and to characterize the enzyme for optimum time duration, pH, temperature, Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum activity (Vmax).
Methods: Four lactose positive yeast strains were isolated from dairy samples collected from local market of Kathmandu by pour plate method. Single strain having maximum lactose positive activity was selected for the study. The mass culture of the lactose positive yeast strain was lysed by 2% Chloroform and the yeast cell lysate containing β-galactosidase (i.e. crude enzyme extract) was characterized by using ONPG (Ortho-Nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside) as substrate. ONPG is a colorless substrate for the enzyme assay which is hydrolyzed by the enzyme into yellow colored product ONP (Ortho-Nitrophenol). The concentration of product formed was monitored spectrophotometrically at 420 nm to determine the enzyme activity and to characterize the enzyme.
Results: The enzyme had wide range of working temperature from 0-50ºC, with optimal temperature of 37ºC. However, greater than 50% hydrolyzing ability was maintained in the range of 14-40ºC. Optimum time of reaction was 70 min. The enzyme had maximum activity in the near neutral pH of 6.8. Michaelis-Menten constant of the enzyme was found to be 2.23 mM of ONPG and Vmax was 58.82 nmol/min/ml. Enzyme activity was 27.88 nmol/min/ml, Specific enzyme activity was 59.97 nmol/ min/mg and total enzyme activity was 3346.33 nmol/min.
Conclusion: The activity over a wide range of temperature 0-50ºC with low Km value shows that the enzyme has a commercial application in clearance of lactose pollution in waste water in different environmental conditions.
Penerapan Fintech Dengan Aplikasi Ovo Sebagai Digital Payment Bagi Ibu – Ibu PKK Rt 02/Rw 04 Di Dukuhwaluh Purwokerto
Authors: Wulandari Oryz Agnu Dian , Barokah Siti , Azhar Nadila Al , Ghazali Habib Al 
Published: February 2021

Digital payment atau pembayaran secara digital merupakan teknologi yang saat ini berkembang pesat di era industri 4.0 serta merupakan pandangan baru bagi masyarakat dalam melakukan pembayaran non-tunai yang jauh lebih praktis, sistematis dan aman dalam melakukan segala kegiatan transaksi. Sebagian orang mengetahui digital payment adalah uang elektronik yang dapat digunakan dalam melakukan pembayaran dalam berbagai transaksi. Ibu- ibu PKK RT02 /RW04 di desa Dukuhwaluh Purwokerto selama ini masih menggunakan pembayaran secara tunai, oleh karena itu perlu adanya pengetahuan serta keterampilan mengenai digital payment dengan aplikasi yang telah berkembang pada saat ini sebagai pendukung adanya teknologi dalam digital payment yakni OVO. Adapun tujuan dari pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini adalah memberikan pengetahuan serta keterampilan kepada Ibu- ibu PKK RT02 /RW04 di desa Dukuhwaluh Purwokerto Ibu- ibu PKK RT02 /RW04 di desa dukuhwaluh Purwokerto Ibu- ibu PKK RT02 /RW04 di desa Dukuhwaluh Purwokerto dengan memanfaatkan aplikasi digital payment OVO. Pengetahuan dan pelatihan yang dibutuhkan adalah bagaimana cara memiliki aplikasi OVO, membuat akun OVO dan bagaimana cara menggunakan aplikasi OVO serta segala keunggulan dari aplikasi OVO sebagai alat pembayaran non-tunai. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini ialah memberikan materi presentasi dan cara penggunaan aplikasi OVO. Capaian dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah terlaksananya bentuk pelatihan dalam memanfaatkan aplikasi OVO dengan jumlah peserta 18 orang yang dapat mengikuti pelatihan sampai akhir acara dan peserta memperoleh pengetahuan untuk dapat memanfaatkan aplikasi OVO yang dapat meningkatkan keterampilan Ibu - ibu anggota PKK di RT02 /RW04 di desa Dukuhwaluh Purwokerto dalam mamanfaatkan OVO sebagai digital payment.
Pelatihan Public Speaking Kepemanduan untuk Relawan Museum
Authors: Wulandari Yulianti Fajar , Bastian Yan , Murtiadi Murtiadi , Indarsih Mike 
Published: February 2021

Jakarta merupakan kota dengan destinasi wisata museum terbanyak di Indonesia, yakni sekitar 70 museum. Tema dan pengelolaan museum tersebut bervariasi, mulai dari yang bertema umum kesejarahan kota Jakarta sampai ke tema khusus seperti kehutanan, transportasi, bank dan lain sebagainya. Kepemilikan dan pengelolaannya pun bervariasi, mulai dari milik Pemprov DKI Jakarta sampai milik pribadi. Sehingga tiket masuknya pun bervariasi pula, dari yang gratis sampai yang ratusan ribu rupiah. Permasalahan utama museum-museum di Jakarta adalah kurangnya SDM terutama untuk pelayanan seperti pemandu museum. Ikatan Pemandu Museum Indonesia (IPMI) berupaya mengatasi permasalahan ini dengan menjaring generasi muda milenial untuk menjadi relawan museum. Relawan ini diberi pelatihan teknik berbicara didepan umum (public speaking) dengan materi seputar kepemanduan di museum. Pelatihan ini bertujuan untuk pertama, menjaring generasi muda milenial untuk menjadi relawan museum sebagai pemandu; kedua membekali relawam museum dengan keterampilan public speaking kepemanduan untuk bergiat di museum; ketiga untuk mengatasi masalah atas kurangnya tenaga pelayanan khususnya pemandu museum. Keterampilan kepemanduan di museum ini juga bermanfaat bagi para relawan dalam menambah pengetahuan dan pengalaman yang mungkin berguna untuk bekerja di bidang kepariwisataan khususnya kepemanduan di museum.
Sistem Pengelolaan E-Commerce (SisPEC) Produk Adpers Art Community Kelurahan Sukatani Kecamatan Tapos Depok
Authors: Haryani Haryani , Oktiani Nurvi , Kuspriyono Taat , Akil Ibnu 
Published: February 2021

Penjualan online atau e-commerce merupakan suatu aplikasi yang dibangun untuk bisnis penjualan barang atau jasa yang menghubungkan antara penjual dan pembeli melalui transaksi elektronik dan membantu penjual dalam memasarkan produk dagangannya. Tujuan dari sosialisasi pengelolaan penjualan online ini adalah untuk memberikan pengarahan kepada anggota Adpers Art Community dalam proses pengelolaan penjualan online produk Adpers. Dalam menjalankan aktivitas kegiatan sehari-harinya Adpers Art mengalami beberapa kendala diantaranya pemasaran dan promosi yang belum maksimal dilakukan karena masih mengandalkan situs web pribadi, hal ini masih kurang efektif dan efisien dengan ditandai indikator bahwa masih banyaknya konsumen yang belum mengetahui Adpers Art ini, selain itu dari segi manajemen Produksi dan Inovasi Produk, yang mana diperlukannya suatu pemahaman dan pengelolaan hasil produksi dengan cara dan inovasi produk yang menjangkau seluruh kebutuhan dan keinginan konsumen dimana tidak hanya menjangkau 1 (satu) komunitas atau segmen konsumen saja tapi dapat menjangkau segmentasi pasar yang lain (seperti segmentasi yang dilihat dari jenis kelamin, gaya hidup, dan lain-lain), pada akhirnya dengan permasalahan diatas maka diperlukannya suatu solusi permasalahan bagi Adpers – Art agar kedepannya lebih dapat memaksimalkan pemasaran dan promosi serta Produksi yang memiliki Inovasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah dengan pemberian ceramah mengenai tata cara pengelolaan penjualan online yang baik dan benar. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah para anggota Adpers Art dapat melakukan pengelolaan penjualan online.
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSISGOVERNMENT OF JEMBER REGENCY
Authors: Ayu Candra Lina , Firdaus Muhammad , Widaninggar Nanda 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to analyze the financial performance of JemberRegency Government in terms of the Regional Financial Self-Sufficiency Ratio, the Effectiveness Ratio of Local Own Revenue and Efficiency Ratio of Local Own Income and the Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) during 2014-2018. This type of research was quantitative descriptive of the Regional Government Financial Statements (LKPD) of the Jember Regency Government. The data collection techniques used were documentation, interviews, and literature study. Quantitative data analysis was used to calculate the amount of Self-SufficiencyRatio, Effectiveness and Efficiency Ratio, and Debt Service Coverage Ratio. The results showed that: (1) the Ratio of Self-Sufficiency of the Jember Regency Government as measured by Local Own Income (PAD)reached an average of 23% for each year. This condition shows that the Self-Sufficiencyofthe Jember Regency Government wasnot as expected. (2) The effectiveness ratio of PAD collection by the Government of Kabupaten Jember reaches an average of 94%. This condition indicates thatthe PAD collection has been effective. Meanwhile, the efficiency ratio of PAD collection reaches an average of 38% per year. This condition shows that the cost of collecting local revenue tends to be efficient because the efficiency ratio was less than 100%. (3) Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR) in 2014 to 2018 shows that local governments were not eligible to make loans because the DSCR value was less than 2.5.
Keywords:Debt Service Coverage Ratio, EffectivenessRatio, Self-SufficiencyRatio