bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of light color temperatures on students' perceptual evaluations in design studios
Authors: Müezzinoğlu Menşure Kübra , Hidayetoğlu Mehmet Lütfi , Yıldırım Kemal 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt was aimed in this study to determine the evaluations for “spatial quality,” “social adaptation,” and “individual productivity” of students in design studios, which used different light color temperature values. With this intention, a detailed research questionnaire was developed for measuring the effects on spatial perception of low color temperatures, daylight, and high color temperatures for a total of three different light color temperature values. A total of 113 students participated in the research questionnaire and the data obtained were analyzed with the SPSS package program. In conclusion, it was determined that the spaces lighted with the low color temperatures and daylight had more positive effects on the perceptual evaluations of the students compared to the spaces lighted with the high color temperatures according to the “spatial quality,” “social adaptation,” and “individual productivity” scales. Another result was that it was observed that the low color temperatures had somewhat more positive perceptual values compared to daylight. In addition, it was determined that males perceived more positively compared to females the interior design characteristics of the design studios.
Nutrient Use Efficiency—A Metric to Inform 4R Nutrient Stewardship
Authors: Jones John D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn increasing frequency of environmental stresses on crop yields, concern of air and water quality, and financial pressure all warrant the need for a focus on nutrient use efficiency (NUE). For the values to be meaningful at the farm level, a relationship between management decisions and NUE should be identified. The status and trend of NUE in U.S. cropping systems will be discussed to provide a baseline understanding of where we are with the use of this metric and where measuring NUE is beneficial. Earn 1 CEU in Nutrient Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/949.
Community Management of Herbicide‐Resistant Weeds in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Dentzman Katherine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWhile the threat of herbicide‐resistant (HR) weeds continues to grow, many of the known prevention and mitigation practices have not been widely adopted by farmers. Is lack of knowledge the reason? Studies have shown that farmers do in fact know what is needed to control HR weeds but nonetheless do not always use these practices. In talking with producers directly, researchers have found that they have many reasons for not adopting integrated weed management practices. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Integrated Pest Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at www.certifiedcropadviser.org/education/classroom/classes/846.
Modeling the demography of species providing extended parental care: A capture–recapture multievent model with a case study on polar bears (Ursus maritimus)
Authors: Cubaynes Sarah , Aars Jon , Yoccoz Nigel G. , Pradel Roger , Wiig Øystein , Ims Rolf A. , Gimenez Olivier 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

In species providing extended parental care, one or both parents care for altricial young over a period including more than one breeding season. We expect large parental investment and long‐term dependency within family units to cause high variability in life trajectories among individuals with complex consequences at the population level. So far, models for estimating demographic parameters in free‐ranging animal populations mostly ignore extended parental care, thereby limiting our understanding of its consequences on parents and offspring life histories.

We designed a capture–recapture multievent model for studying the demography of species providing extended parental care. It handles statistical multiple‐year dependency among individual demographic parameters grouped within family units, variable litter size, and uncertainty on the timing at offspring independence. It allows for the evaluation of trade‐offs among demographic parameters, the influence of past reproductive history on the caring parent's survival status, breeding probability, and litter size probability, while accounting for imperfect detection of family units. We assess the model performance using simulated data and illustrate its use with a long‐term dataset collected on the Svalbard polar bears (Ursus maritimus).

Our model performed well in terms of bias and mean square error and in estimating demographic parameters in all simulated scenarios, both when offspring departure probability from the family unit occurred at a constant rate or varied during the field season depending on the date of capture. For the polar bear case study, we provide estimates of adult and dependent offspring survival rates, breeding probability, and litter size probability. Results showed that the outcome of the previous reproduction influenced breeding probability.

Overall, our results show the importance of accounting for i) the multiple‐year statistical dependency within family units, ii) uncertainty on the timing at offspring independence, and iii) past reproductive history of the caring parent. If ignored, estimates obtained for breeding probability, litter size, and survival can be biased. This is of interest in terms of conservation because species providing extended parental care are often long‐living mammals vulnerable or threatened with extinction.
Transcriptome responses to heat and cold stress in prepupae of Trichogramma chilonis
Authors: Yi Jiequn , Liu Jianbai , Li Dunsong , Sun Donglei , Li Jihu , An Yuxing , Wu Han 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTrichogramma is a useful species that is widely applied in biocontrol. Temperature profoundly affects the commercial application of T. chilonis. Different developmental transcriptomes of prepupae and pupae of T. chilonis under 10, 25, and 40°C were obtained from our previous study. In this study, transcriptomic analysis was further conducted to gain a clear understanding of the molecular changes in the prepupae of T. chilonis under different thermal conditions. A total of 37,295 unigenes were identified from 3 libraries of prepupae of T. chilonis, 17,293 of which were annotated. Differential expression analysis showed that 408 and 108 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after heat and cold treatment, respectively. Under heat stress, the pathway of protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum was found to be active. Most of the genes involved in this pathway were annotated as lethal (2) essential for life [l(2)efl] and heat shock protein genes (hsps), which were both highly upregulated. Nevertheless, most of the genes involved in another significantly enriched pathway of starch and sucrose metabolism were downregulated, including 1 alpha‐glucosidase gene and 2 beta‐glucuronidase genes. Under cold stress, no significantly enriched pathway was found, and the significantly enriched GO terms were related to the interaction with host and immune defenses. Together, these results provide us with a comprehensive view of the molecular mechanisms of T. chilonis in response to temperature stresses and will provide new insight into the mass rearing and utilization of T. chilonis.
Use of radiotelemetry to quantify diel habitat preferences and minimum environmental flow requirements of a tropical riverine fish (Sooty grunter Hephaestus fuliginosus)
Authors: Crook David A. , Keller Krystle , Adair Brendan J. , Luiz Osmar J. , Waugh Peter S. , Schult Julia , Dostine Peter L. , Townsend Simon A. , King Alison J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractQuantitative relationships between river discharge and hydraulic habitat availability for key taxa are important elements of environmental flow assessment. We used radiotelemetry to examine diel patterns of habitat use by tracking the locations of 17 juvenile Sooty grunter (Hephaestus fuliginosus) over a 10‐day period during the late dry season in a river in the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia. Habitat use data were integrated with a hydrodynamic model to identify preferred hydraulic habitat and explore different river discharge scenarios to assess the potential effects of water abstraction on habitat availability. Sooty grunter exhibited a strong preference for shallow, fast flowing mesohabitat (riffles and runs). Hydraulic microhabitat preference was modelled using generalised additive mixed‐effect models (GAMMs) and showed no significant difference in microhabitat selection between day and night. Habitat criteria developed from a combined day‐night GAMM were defined as locations with velocities of 0.26–1.42 m s−1 and depths <0.69 m. Hydrodynamic modelling of river discharge scenarios in the study reach showed that the area of preferred habitat was highest at 8 m3 s−1, with large declines in habitat area under low flows (61% decline in habitat area at 0.5 m3 s−1 compared to the discharge of 2.8 m3 s−1 at the time of radio‐tracking). While the study focusses on a single species, our findings demonstrate the broad applicability of radiotelemetry as a means of quantifying the diel hydraulic habitat requirements of riverine fish to support the objective determination of environmental flow regimes.
Biotic homogenization destabilizes ecosystem functioning by decreasing spatial asynchrony
Authors: Wang Shaopeng , Loreau Michel , de Mazancourt Claire , Isbell Forest , Beierkuhnlein Carl , Connolly John , Deutschman Douglas H. , Doležal Jiří , Eisenhauer Nico , Hector Andy , Jentsch Anke , Kreyling Jürgen , Lanta Vojtech , Lepš Jan , Polley H. Wayne , Reich Peter B. , van Ruijven Jasper , Schmid Bernhard , Tilman David , Wilsey Brian , Craven Dylan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOur planet is facing significant changes of biodiversity across spatial scales. Although the negative effects of local biodiversity (α diversity) loss on ecosystem stability are well documented, the consequences of biodiversity changes at larger spatial scales, in particular biotic homogenization, that is, reduced species turnover across space (β diversity), remain poorly known. Using data from 39 grassland biodiversity experiments, we examine the effects of β diversity on the stability of simulated landscapes while controlling for potentially confounding biotic and abiotic factors. Our results show that higher β diversity generates more asynchronous dynamics among local communities and thereby contributes to the stability of ecosystem productivity at larger spatial scales. We further quantify the relative contributions of α and β diversity to ecosystem stability and find a relatively stronger effect of α diversity, possibly due to the limited spatial scale of our experiments. The stabilizing effects of both α and β diversity lead to a positive diversity–stability relationship at the landscape scale. Our findings demonstrate the destabilizing effect of biotic homogenization and suggest that biodiversity should be conserved at multiple spatial scales to maintain the stability of ecosystem functions and services.
Fibrinolysis vs. primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction cardiogenic shock
Authors: Vallabhajosyula Saraschandra , Verghese Dhiran , Bell Malcolm R. , Murphree Dennis H. , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Miller P. Elliott , Dunlay Shannon M. , Prasad Abhiram , Sandhu Gurpreet S. , Gulati Rajiv , Singh Mandeep , Lerman Amir , Gersh Bernard J. , Holmes David R. , Barsness Gregory W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsThere are limited contemporary data on the use of initial fibrinolysis in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction cardiogenic shock (STEMI‐CS). This study sought to compare the outcomes of STEMI‐CS receiving initial fibrinolysis vs. primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).MethodsUsing the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample from 2009 to 2017, a comparative effectiveness study of adult (>18 years) STEMI‐CS admissions receiving pre‐hospital/in‐hospital fibrinolysis were compared with those receiving PPCI. Admissions with alternate indications for fibrinolysis and STEMI‐CS managed medically or with surgical revascularization (without fibrinolysis) were excluded. Outcomes of interest included in‐hospital mortality, development of non‐cardiac organ failure, complications, hospital length of stay, hospitalization costs, use of palliative care, and do‐not‐resuscitate status.ResultsDuring 2009–2017, 5297 and 110 452 admissions received initial fibrinolysis and PPCI, respectively. Compared with those receiving PPCI, the fibrinolysis group was more often non‐White, with lower co‐morbidity, and admitted on weekends and to small rural hospitals (all P < 0.001). In the fibrinolysis group, 95.3%, 77.4%, and 15.7% received angiography, PCI, and coronary artery bypass grafting, respectively. The fibrinolysis group had higher rates of haemorrhagic complications (13.5% vs. 9.9%; P < 0.001). The fibrinolysis group had comparable all‐cause in‐hospital mortality [logistic regression analysis: 28.8% vs. 28.5%; propensity‐matched analysis: 30.8% vs. 30.3%; adjusted odds ratio 0.97 (95% confidence interval 0.90–1.05); P = 0.50]. The fibrinolysis group had comparable rates of acute organ failure, hospital length of stay, rates of palliative care referrals, do‐not‐resuscitate status use, and lesser hospitalization costs.ConclusionsThe use of initial fibrinolysis had comparable in‐hospital mortality than those receiving PPCI in STEMI‐CS in the contemporary era in this large national observational study.
The effect of high‐fat versus high‐carb diet on body composition in strength‐trained males
Authors: Wrzosek Michał , Woźniak Jakub , Włodarek Dariusz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLow‐fat, high‐carb (LFHC) and low‐carb, high‐fat (LCHF) diets change body composition as a consequence of the reduction of body fat of overweight persons. The aim of this study is the assessment of the impact of LFHC and LCHF diets on body composition of men of a healthy body mass who do strength sports while maintaining the appropriate calorific value in a diet and protein intake. The research involved 55 men aged 19–35, with an average BMI of 24.01 ± 1.17 (min. 20.1, max. 26.1). The participants were divided into two groups following two interventional diets: high‐fat diet or high‐carb diet, for 12 weeks. The body composition of the participants was measured using bioimpedance. After the 12‐week‐long experiment based on the low‐carbohydrate diet, a significant body mass reduction of 1.5% was observed. In the group, following the LFHC diet, the parameters did not significantly change. In the group following LCHF diet, the body fat reduction of 8.6% from 14 (6.7–19.8) kg to 12.7 (3.9–19.2) was reported (p = 0.01) (in the absolute value of 1.2 kg). However, also in the LFHC group, the body fat mass was significantly reduced, that is, by 1.5% (p = 0.01) (by 0.4 kg). Nevertheless, it is worth emphasizing that despite significant changes within the groups, these changes were not statistically significant between the groups. Diets with different carbohydrate and fat intake and the energy value covering the energy needs of men training strength sports have similar impact on changes in body composition.
Lamina‐specific properties of spinal astrocytes
Authors: Kronschläger Mira T. , Siegert Anna S. M. , Resch Felix J. , Rajendran Pradeep S. , Khakh Baljit S. , Sandkühler Jürgen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAstrocytes are indispensable for proper neuronal functioning. Given the diverse needs of neuronal circuits and the variety of tasks astrocytes perform, the perceived homogeneous nature of astrocytes has been questioned. In the spinal dorsal horn, complex neuronal circuitries regulate the integration of sensory information of different modalities. The dorsal horn is organized in a distinct laminar manner based on termination patterns of high‐ and low‐threshold afferent fibers and neuronal properties. Neurons in laminae I (L1) and II (L2) integrate potentially painful, nociceptive information, whereas neurons in lamina III (L3) and deeper laminae integrate innocuous, tactile information from the periphery. Sensory information is also integrated by an uncharacterized network of astrocytes. How these lamina‐specific characteristics of neuronal circuits of the dorsal horn are of functional importance for properties of astrocytes is currently unknown. We addressed if astrocytes in L1, L2, and L3 of the upper dorsal horn of mice are differentially equipped for the needs of neuronal circuits that process sensory information of different modalities. We found that astrocytes in L1 and L2 were characterized by a higher density, higher expression of GFAP, Cx43, and GLAST and a faster coupling speed than astrocytes located in L3. L1 astrocytes were more responsive to Kir4.1 blockade and had higher levels of AQP4 compared to L3 astrocytes. In contrast, basic membrane properties, network formation, and somatic intracellular calcium signaling were similar in L1–L3 astrocytes. Our data indicate that the properties of spinal astrocytes are fine‐tuned for the integration of nociceptive versus tactile information.
Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of the Oral TLR8 Agonist Selgantolimod in Chronic Hepatitis B
Authors: Gane Edward J. , Kim Hyung Joon , Visvanathan Kumar , Kim Yoon Jun , Nguyen Anh‐Hoa , Wallin Jeffrey J. , Chen Diana Y. , McDonald Circe , Arora Priyanka , Tan Susanna K. , Gaggar Anuj , Roberts Stuart K. , Lim Young‐Suk 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims
In patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection, activation of toll‐like receptor 8 may induce antiviral immunity and drive functional cure. Selgantolimod, a toll‐like receptor 8 agonist, was evaluated in patients with CHB who were virally suppressed on oral antiviral treatment or viremic and not on oral antiviral treatment.

Approach and Results
In this phase 1b study, patients were randomized 4:1 to receive either selgantolimod or placebo once weekly. Virally suppressed patients received either 1.5 mg (for 2 weeks) or 3 mg (for 2 weeks or 4 weeks). Viremic patients received 3 mg for 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was safety, as assessed by adverse events (AEs), laboratory abnormalities, and vital sign examination. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters were assessed by plasma analysis. A total of 38 patients (28 virally suppressed, 10 viremic) were enrolled from six sites in Australia, New Zealand, and South Korea. Twenty patients (53%) experienced an AE and 32 (84%) had laboratory abnormalities, all of which were mild or moderate in severity. The most common AEs were headache (32%), nausea (24%), and dizziness (13%). With a half‐life of 5 hours, no accumulation of selgantolimod was observed with multiple dosing. Selgantolimod induced transient dose‐dependent increases in serum cytokines, including IL‐12p40 and IL‐1RA, which are important for the expansion and activity of multiple T‐ cell subsets and innate immunity.

Conclusion
Selgantolimod was safe and well‐tolerated in virally suppressed and viremic patients with CHB and elicited cytokine responses consistent with target engagement. Further studies with longer durations of selgantolimod treatment are required to evaluate efficacy.
The ebb and flow of learning motivation: The differentiated impact of the implicit theory of intelligence on learning behaviors
Authors: Rigolizzo Michele , Zhu Zhu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMotivating employees to initiate, and continue to engage in, both formal and informal learning is a key challenge within human resources development (HRD). Research on the implicit theory of intelligence lends insight into this challenge by showing almost exclusively positive effects of having an incremental theory, wherein individuals associate ability with effort, on the motivation to learn. However, we propose that the motivation to learn may ebb and flow throughout the process of learning, and that the impact of the implicit theory of intelligence may be different for different learning behaviors. This study experimentally examines the differentiated effect of the implicit theory intelligence on five key learning behaviors that are required to develop new skills. They are taking on a challenge, paying attention to new information, elaborating on that information, practice with feedback, and reflection. Using data from an experimental study of 511 managers in the United States and direct measures of each of the five learning behaviors, this study provides evidence that priming participants to associate effort with ability increases the likelihood that they will set challenging goals and practice with feedback, but makes them less likely to reflect. These findings provide insight for how HRD professionals can more purposefully construct learning interventions to account for multiple behaviors and changes in motivation.
Unusual metastasis from renal cell cancer after partial nephrectomy and sequential targeted therapy
Authors: Yasuoka Shotaro , Yuasa Takeshi , Fujiwara Motohiro , Fujisaki Junko , Inamura Kentaro , Komai Yoshinobu , Numao Noboru , Yamamoto Shinya , Yonese Junji 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionMetastatic renal cell carcinoma is treated with various regimens. As their outcomes are improving and follow‐up periods are growing longer, the rate of unusual visceral metastases may increase.Case presentationA 68‐year‐old man diagnosed with lung, pancreatic, and renal metastases 9 years after left partial nephrectomy and a diagnosis of pT1a clear cell renal cell carcinoma started molecular targeted therapy using sunitinib. Nine years after the initiation of targeted therapy, a mass lesion in the esophagus was revealed by follow‐up computed tomography, and endoscopic mucosal resection of the esophageal metastatic lesion was performed. One year later, a bladder tumor was detected by follow‐up computed tomography. The patient underwent transurethral resection of the bladder tumor. Histological evaluation of both resected specimens disclosed clear cell renal cell carcinoma.ConclusionWe present a valuable case of metachronous esophagus and bladder metastases from renal cell carcinoma in a long‐term follow‐up.
Photon emission and changes in fluorescent properties of bone after laser irradiation
Authors: Sandri Angela , Basso Petra R. , Corridori Ilaria , Protasoni Marina , Segalla Gabriel , Raspanti Mario , Spinelli Antonello E. , Boschi Federico 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLaser scalpels used in medical surgery concentrate light energy, heating the tissues. Recently, we reported thermoluminescence emission from laser‐treated soft tissues. Here we investigated the thermo‐optical effects caused by a laser operating at 808 nm on animal bones (beef ribs) through luminescence and fluorescence imaging, thermal imaging and scanning electron microscopy. Laser‐induced artificial lesions emitted luminescence peaking around 650 nm, with a half‐life of almost 1 hour. As concerns fluorescence, 24 hours after laser treatment we observed an increase of the emission and a shift from 500 (untreated) to 580 nm (treated). Recrystallization observed by SEM indicates that the temperature in the artificial lesions is over 600°C. We can conclude that laser treatment induces specific luminescent and fluorescent emissions due to heating of the bone and modification of its components. Monitoring these emissions could help prevent tissue overheating and its potential damages during laser‐assisted medical procedures.