bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimessenger observations and the science enabled: continuous waves and their progenitors, equation of state of dense matter
Authors: Jones D I , Riles K 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Rotating and oscillating neutron stars can give rise to long-lived Continuous Gravitational Waves (CGWs). Despite many years of searching, the detection of such a CGW signal remains elusive. In this article we describe the main astrophysical uncertainties regarding such emission, and their relation to the behaviour of matter at extremely high density. We describe the main challenges in searching for CGWs, and the prospects of detecting them using third-generation gravitational wave detectors. We end by describing some pressing issues in the field, whose resolution would help turn the detection and exploitation of CGWs into reality.
Evaluation of the influence of rain on air surface temperature measurements
Authors: Nielsen Jan , Bottacin Alberto , Østergaard Peter , Nielsen Tommy , Rasmussen Morten Karstoft , Musacchio Chiara , Coppa Graziano , Merlone Andrea 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Reliable measurements of surface air temperature are crucial in meteorology and climatology. Thermometers must be shielded to avoid atmospheric influence factors, such as solar radiation and rainfall, compromise their accuracy. In the standard document ISO 17 714, which defines test methods for performance comparison of different screens, potential error sources caused by rainfall are mentioned. Besides the well-known psychrometric effect, an error on the temperature reading related to the difference between air and rain temperature causing heat transfer from water to the thermometer is identified. Despite the high relevance, no studies are available in literature that analyze this effect. The work described in this paper aims at quantifying the influence of the rain on the readings of temperature sensors, with radiation screens of different types. The study was performed by introducing an artificial rainfall generator where the water temperature and rain intensity was controlled and comparing the readings of thermometers under the generated rainfall with respect to a developed reference system not affected by rain. The tests show that the error for especially naturally ventilated thermometers can be unacceptably large, up to −4.0 (0.2) K, whereas for the artificially ventilated air thermometers the errors observed are less significant, smaller than −1.1 (0.2) K. This preliminary study underscores the critical influence of rain temperature and intensity on thermometer readings and highlights the importance of further research to develop standardized testing protocols. The reported methodology can also help to develop future standardized test protocol to qualify the device with regards to the measurement error.
Comprehensive evaluation of real-time uncombined-PPP/INS tightly coupled integration with BDS−3 PPP−B2b service in urban environments
Authors: Li Wei , Pan Cheng , Gao Jingxiang , Li Zengke , Tao Zhenqiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3) employs the PPP-B2b signal as a data broadcast channel through geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) satellites, enabling the real-time transmission of precise orbit, clock, and differential code bias correction information for BDS and other global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) in the event of network outages. The uncombined precise point positioning (UCPPP) model has gained attention owing to its advantages in multi-frequency and multi-constellation processing. Addressing the challenge of frequent interference and interruption of GNSS signals in densely populated urban areas, this study leverages the complementary strengths of the inertial navigation system (INS) and GNSS, proposing a UCPPP-B2b/INS tightly coupled system and analyzing its positioning performance across various urban environments. Experimental results indicate that the positioning accuracies of the UCPPP-B2b/INS tightly coupled system in urban environments are 33.9 cm, 55.6 cm, and 48.6 cm in the east, north, and up directions, respectively. Additionally, the performance of tactical-grade inertial measurement unit (tactical-IMU) and micro-electro-mechanical systems IMU (MEMS-IMU) was compared under both loosely and tightly coupled configurations using the uncombined approach. The findings reveal that while the positioning performance of the two IMUs is comparable, regardless of whether the PPP-B2b service products or the post-processed precise products are utilized, the tactical-IMU demonstrates superior continuity and anti-jamming capabilities during GNSS signal interruptions. Finally, simulated 30 s GNSS signal outages showed that the tightly coupled PPP-B2b/MEMS-IMU system had positioning errors of 556.8 cm, 547.1 cm, and 99.4 cm, while the PPP-B2b/tactical-IMU system had errors of 6.5 cm, 24.5 cm, and 21.3 cm in the east, north, and up directions, respectively.
Research on a cloud-edge collaborative adaptive detection system for AC series arc faults
Authors: Bao Guanghai , Wang Zhaorui , He Jiantao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
AC series arc faults (SAFs) are one of the leading causes of electrical fires in buildings, and the development of arc fault detection devices (AFDDs) can effectively reduce the fire risk caused by arc faults. To address the issue of unsatisfactory detection performance for SAFs and frequent false positives in existing AFDDs when dealing with unknown load combinations, this paper proposes an adaptive SAF detection system. The system is based on the remote interaction between AFDD and cloud server, which enables the AFDD to update its SAF detection model for unknown load combinations, thereby improving its generalization performance. First, a lightweight neural network model for SAF detection based on depth-wise separable convolution and inverted residual block was designed and ported to the K210 chip, combined with peripheral circuits to create the AFDD. The AFDD collects high-frequency coupling signals from the circuit at a sampling rate of 100 kHz, achieving real-time SAF detection with a detection cycle of 80 ms. The cloud server receives and filters false positive and SAF data uploaded by the AFDD during operation, and updates the detection model on the AFDD through data augmentation and transfer learning to improve its generalization capability. Experimental results show that the normal state recognition rate of the updated AFDD for unknown load combinations increased from 98.87% to 99.92%, and the SAF recognition rate improved from 96.26% to 98.16%. The results demonstrate that the adaptive SAF detection system significantly improves the AFDD’s performance in reducing false positives and missed detections for unknown load combinations.
CT-RURnet: a novel network design for radar unmanned aerial vehicles recognition
Authors: Jiang Tiezhen , Li Qingzhu , Huang Zhixiang , Zhuang Long 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The rapid growth of commercial unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has led to more incidents. These include illegal activities by malicious actors. Such activities pose significant threats to public facilities and people’s safety. Therefore, distinguishing UAVs from other targets is a critical measure in preventing potential hazards. This paper proposes an enhanced feature extraction and global modeling model for UAV recognition, named CT-RURnet. The model directly learns from radar echo data, firstly using the convolutional neural networks module to quickly extract local features, and then using the Transformer module to establish global connections among these local features. The proposed model primarily focuses on learning the micro-Doppler features produced by targets, which facilitates UAV recognition. The used datasets include both simulated data and the Real Doppler RAD-DAR (RDRD) dataset. The proposed network achieves accuracy rates of 98.7% (10 SNR), 97.9% (5 SNR), and 86.95% (0 SNR) on the simulated dataset under varying SNR conditions and 97.14% on the real dataset. Compared to other baseline models, the CT-RURnet consistently delivers superior results. Ablation experiments are conducted to verify the contribution of each module to the overall network performance.
Numerical simulation and electromagnetic parameter retrieve: performance evaluation of metamaterials under TE and TM polarization conditions
Authors: Li Bowen , Zhao Zhanliang , Song Lijun , Hu Ruixue , Fan Lisi , Xie Jing , Du Xue , Wang Mingxing 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study introduces a novel metamaterial design employing a bent-line unit cell structure optimized for electromagnetic applications under TE and TM polarization conditions. By leveraging the Floquet theorem and an inversion algorithm, the research extracts equivalent electromagnetic parameters to achieve efficient and precise simulations over various frequencies and incident angles. The proposed metamaterial demonstrates remarkable frequency stability, wide bandwidth, and consistent performance across polarization states and incident angles (0°–60°), with resonance frequency deviations below 1%. Experimental validation confirms the accuracy of the design, highlighting its potential for advanced communication, sensing, and antenna systems. The findings underscore the advantages of the proposed approach, including enhanced computational efficiency and improved simulation processes, making it a promising pathway for metamaterial optimization in diverse electromagnetic environments.
Hyperbolicity of a semi-Lagrangian formulation of the hydrostatic free-surface Euler system
Authors: Di Martino Bernard , El Hassanieh Chourouk , Godlewski Edwige , Guillod Julien , Sainte-Marie Jacques 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
By a semi-Lagrangian change of coordinates, the hydrostatic Euler equations describing free-surface sheared flows is rewritten as a system of quasilinear equations, where stability conditions can be determined by the analysis of its hyperbolic structure. The system one obtains can be written as a quasi linear system in time and horizontal variables and involves no more vertical derivatives. However, the coefficients in front of the horizontal derivatives include an integral operator acting on the new vertical variable. The spectrum of these operators is studied in detail, in particular it includes a continuous part. Riemann invariants are then determined as conserved quantities along the characteristic curves. Examples of solutions are provided, in particular stationary solutions and solutions blowing-up in finite time. Eventually, we propose an exact multilayer

P

0

-discretization, which could be used to solve numerically this semi-Lagrangian system, and analyze the eigenvalues of the corresponding discretized operator to investigate the hyperbolic nature of the approximated system.
Achievement of highly radiating plasma in negative triangularity and effect of reactor-relevant seeded impurities on confinement and transport
Authors: Casali L , Eldon D , Odstrcil T , Mattes R , Welsh A , Lee K , Nelson A O , Paz-Soldan C , Khabanov F , Cote T , McLean A G , Scotti F , Thome K E 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The first achievement of highly radiating plasmas in negative triangularity (NT) is shown with an operational space featuring high core radiation at high Greenwald fraction obtained with the injection of reactor-relevant seeded gases. These NT shape diverted discharges reach high values of normalized plasma pressure (β
N > 2) at high radiation fraction with no edge localized modes (ELMs) and a simultaneous reduction of the divertor heat flux. We demonstrate that as long as the impurity level in the core is kept low to avoid excessive fuel dilution and impurity accumulation, integration of NT configuration with high radiation fraction not only is achievable but it can lead to confinement improvement with stabilization effects originating from collisionality, E × B shear and profiles changes due to impurity radiation cooling. The underlying physics mechanism is robust and reproducible and holds for a variety of impurity species. The absence of the requirement to stay in H-mode translates in a higher core radiation fraction potentially allowed in NT shape effectively mitigating the power exhaust issue. The results presented here demonstrate a path to high performance, ELM free and highly radiative regime with reactor-relevant seeding gases making this regime a potential new scenario for reactor design.
Controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication with hyperentangled Bell states
Authors: Feng Yun-Hao , Zhou Ri-Gui , Zhang Xiao-Xue 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a groundbreaking protocol for controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication based on hyperentangled Bell states, involving two longitudinal momentum and polarization degrees of freedom. In this protocol, the controller Charlie governs bidirectional communication between two legitimate participants. Participants encode their secret messages using 64 unitary operations. However, without Charlie’s permission, specifically without publishing the final measurement results, participants cannot exchange secret messages. Security analysis are conducted to prevent eavesdropper Eve from obtaining users’ secret messages through illegitimate means. Compared with previously proposed controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication, the proposed protocol significantly improves transmission efficiency because each pair of photons can transmit 12 bits of classical information. The protocol achieves a remarkable qubit efficiency, reaching up to 85.7%. However, when we don’t take into account the number of qubits consumed by the decoy particles, we can theoretically achieve an efficiency of 200%.
Eco-friendly gamma radiation protection using waste rice straw and animal glue enhanced by micro and nano iron oxide: a Geant4 simulation and experimental study
Authors: El-Khatib Ahmed M , Alabsy Mahmoud T , Sharaby Mahmoud A , Elzaher Mohamed Abd , Doma A S , Abbas Mahmoud I 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The current investigation is directed towards the synthesis of new radiation shielding composites utilizing natural and eco-friendly components, including rice straw and animal glue. The experimental methodology involved preparing samples through the blending of 20% wt. rice straw with 80% wt. animal glue, followed by the addition of micro- and nano-sized powders of iron oxide (Fe2O3) at varying concentrations (10%, 18.2%, and 25%). The performance of γ-ray protection of the prepared composites was assessed and analyzed by measuring different shielding parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (μ), mean free path (MFP), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), effective atomic number (Zeff), equivalent atomic number (Zeq), and build-up factor (BFs) across various photon energies (0.059 MeV to 1.408 MeV). Experimental results of the MAC were compared with theoretical data from XCOM and simulated data from the Geant4 code, indicating good agreement and validating the experimental findings. The results showed that the addition of nano-Fe2O3 (25 wt%) to the composite sample had the highest μ values, which varied between 0.34260 and 0.05274 cm−1 as γ-ray photon energy increased from 0.0595 to 1.408 MeV, respectively. Furthermore, the highest relative increase rate in μ values between nano and micro composites was 24.11%, achieved for the nano Fe2O3 (25 wt%) composite sample at 0.0595 MeV. In conclusion, the investigation demonstrated improved γ-ray protection with the addition of nano-Fe2O3 compared to bulk counterparts.
Noether symmetry analysis for the generalized brans-dicke cosmology
Authors: Paliathanasis Andronikos 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We present the complete solution to the classification problem regarding the variational symmetries of the generalized Brans-Dicke cosmological model in the presence of a second scalar field minimally coupled to gravity and the generalized Brans-Dicke scalar field theory. Through the symmetry analysis, we were able to specify the functional form of the field equations such that they become integrable. Additionally, new families of integrable cosmological models are presented.
Improved treatment of bosonic dark matter dynamics in neutron stars: consequences and constraints
Authors: Dutta Koushik , Ghosh Deep , Mukhopadhyaya Biswarup 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
It is conceivable that a bosonic dark matter (DM) with non-gravitational interactions with SM particles will be accumulated at the center of a neutron star (NS) and can lead to black hole formation. In contrast to previous works with a fixed NS temperature, we dynamically determine the formation of Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) for a given set of DM parameters, namely the DM-neutron scattering cross-section (σχn), the thermal average of DM annihilation cross-section (⟨σv⟩) and the DM mass (mχ). For both non-annihilating and annihilating DM with ⟨σv⟩ ≲ 10-26 cm3 s-1, the BEC forms for mχ
≲ 10 TeV. In case of non-annihilating DM, observations of old NS allows σχn
≲ 10-52 cm2 for 10 MeV ≤ mχ
≲ 10 GeV (with BEC) and σχn
≲ 10-47 cm2 for 5 TeV ≲ mχ
≲ 30 PeV (without BEC). This analysis shows that the electroweak mass window, 10 GeV ≲ mχ
≲ 5 TeV is essentially unconstrained by NS observations and therefore is subject only to direct detection experiments. In the annihilating DM scenario, the exclusion limits on DM parameters become weaker and even vanish for typical WIMP annihilation cross-section. However, the late-time heating of the NS enables us to probe the region with σχn
≳ 10-47 cm2, using the James Webb Space Telescope in the foreseeable future. When our results are viewed in the context of indirect searches of DM, it provides a lower limit on the ⟨σv⟩, which is sensitive to the DM thermal state.
Quantum decoder design for subsystem surface code based on multi-head graph attention and edge weighting
Authors: Ji 纪 Nai-Hua 乃华 , Sun 孙 Hui-Qian 汇倩 , Xiao 肖 Bo 博 , Song 宋 Ping-Li 平俐 , Ma 马 Hong-Yang 鸿洋 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Quantum error-correcting codes are essential for fault-tolerant quantum computing, as they effectively detect and correct noise-induced errors by distributing information across multiple physical qubits. The subsystem surface code with three-qubit check operators demonstrates significant application potential due to its simplified measurement operations and low logical error rates. However, the existing minimum-weight perfect matching (MWPM) algorithm exhibits high computational complexity and lacks flexibility in large-scale systems. Therefore, this paper proposes a decoder based on a graph attention network (GAT), representing error syndromes as undirected graphs with edge weights, and employing a multi-head attention mechanism to efficiently aggregate node features and enable parallel computation. Compared to MWPM, the GAT decoder exhibits linear growth in computational complexity, adapts to different quantum code structures, and demonstrates stronger robustness under high physical error rates. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed decoder achieves an overall accuracy of 89.95% under various small code lattice sizes (L = 2,3,4,5), with the logical error rate threshold increasing to 0.0078, representing an improvement of approximately 13.04% compared to the MWPM decoder. This result significantly outperforms traditional methods, showcasing superior performance under small code lattice sizes and providing a more efficient decoding solution for large-scale quantum error correction.
Design of the first full-scale HYLITE, a charge integration pixel detector readout chip for XFEL
Authors: Li M. , Wei W. , Zhang J. , Jiang X. , Ju X. , Li Z. , Liu P. , Sun T. , Sheng Z. , Sun P. , Xu G. , Yin H. , Liu Z. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
HYLITE (High dYmamic range free electron Laser Imaging deTEctor) is a charge-integration detector readout chip designed for SHINE (Shanghai HIgh repetition rate XFEL aNd Extreme light facility), featuring a dynamic range of 10000 photons at 12 keV, a resolution of a single photon, and a high frame rate aiming for 10 kHz.

HYLITE200F is the first full-scale chip of HYLITE manufactured in a 130 nm CMOS process. The engineering-run chip consists of 64 × 64 pixels with a pixel pitch of 200 μm. As the first step of the project, the HYLITE200F chip works at a frame rate of 1 kHz in a successive mode. To deal with the power supply issue and a high data rate, the layout of the pixel array and the clock distribution structure is carefully designed. Furthermore, prototype front-end modules were manufactured to verify the function of sensors, ASICs, and the reliability of the bump-bonding process. Test results show that HYLITE200F can work steadily at a frame rate of 1 kHz.
Application of electrochemical deposition of CeO2 nanoparticles modified 3D printed porous Ti6Al4V scaffold in bone defect repair
Authors: Fan Dechao , Ding Kun , Lu Junfeng , Zhao Ziwen , Mao Yuanfu , Yang Guofu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Due to the limited self-regeneration capacity of bone, medical interventions is often required for large segmental bone defects. In this study, the application of porous titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) scaffold in bone defect repair was investigated. Owing to its excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility, Ti6Al4V is a preferred choice for orthopedic implants. To reduce the negative impact of its high elastic modulus on bone tissue, 3D printing technology was utilized to manufacture porous structures to approximate the elastic modulus of human bone, reducing the stress shielding phenomenon. In addition, electrochemical deposition technology was employed to deposit CeO2 nanoparticles (CNPs) onto the scaffold surface, aiming to improve its biological activity. According to the experimental findings, adding CNPs significantly enhanced the scaffold osteogenic capability. In vitro experiments on proliferation and expression of osteogenic markers verified its biological activity, while in vivo experiments further confirmed its potential to promote bone regeneration. Through detailed material characterization and biological evaluation, this study demonstrated the application prospect of 3D printed porous Ti6Al4V scaffold combined with CNPs, providing a new idea for the clinical repair of bone defects.
Design and construction of two biased electrodes and preliminary experiments on the Keda Torus eXperiment
Authors: Wu Jiaren , Lan Tao , Zhuang Ge , Wu Jie , Mao Wenzhe , Chen Chen , Wang Xingkang , Deng Peng , Dong Qilong , Zhou Yongkang , Wang Tianxiong , Lu Pengcheng , Bai Zeqi , Huang Yuhua , Wu Zhengwei , Wei Zian , Wen Xiaohui , Wang Hai , Zhou Chu , Liu Adi , Xie Jinlin , Li Hong , Ding Weixing , Liu Wandong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The electromagnetic turbulence in reversed field pinch (RFP) plasmas exhibits three-dimensional characteristics. Suppression of this turbulence is crucial for enhancing plasma confinement, necessitating control over the electric field or the current profile. To this end, two sets of electrodes have been designed and installed on the Keda Torus eXperiment (KTX) RFP device to manipulate the edge electric field and the edge parallel current profile. Subsequently, the edge radial electric field and edge parallel current profile control experiments are conducted. In the edge radial electric field control experiments, the edge radial electric field is altered under bias, accompanied with an increase in the electron density and plasma duration. However, under bias, both electrostatic and magnetic fluctuations are enhanced. In the edge parallel current profile control experiments, the results indicate that bias modifies the edge parallel current profile locally, leading to a localized increase in the field reversal depth and electron density. Additionally, a reduction in magnetic fluctuations is observed within the reversed field enhanced region under bias, suggesting that the bias suppresses magnetic perturbations.