bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified prepubic urethrostomy with body wall tunneling: Description of technique and long‐term outcome in eight male cats
Authors: Bresciani Luca , Mosca Andrea , Romussi Stefano 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the procedure, complications, and long‐term outcome of cats that underwent a modified prepubic urethrostomy (mPPU) technique for the management of proximal urethral obstructions.AnimalsEight male cats.Study DesignShort case series.MethodsMedical records were reviewed for signalment, diagnostic investigation, details of the surgical procedure, and complications of cats that underwent mPPU.ResultsmPPU was well tolerated by all patients, and no intraoperative complications were reported. The duration of follow‐up ranged from 13 to 84 months (median 19 months). Early postoperative skin scalding around the stoma associated with mild urinary incontinence during recumbency occurred and was self‐limiting in all patients. Two cats required surgical revision at 5 and 6 months, respectively, due to a progressive weight gain and accumulation of abdominal fat around the stoma, causing a partial stomal obstruction. Resolution of clinical signs was reported in both patients.ConclusionsmPPU was easy to perform and offered favorable outcomes in this cohort of cats.
Informed consent and assent guide for paediatric clinical trials in Europe
Authors: Lepola Pirkko , Kindred Maxine , Giannuzzi Viviana , Glosli Heidi , Dehlinger-Kremer Martine , Dalrymple Harris , Neubauer David , Boylan Geraldine B , Conway Jean , Dewhurst Jo , Hoffman Diane 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveClinical trial sponsors spend considerable resources preparing informed consent (IC) and assent documentation for multinational paediatric clinical trial applications in Europe due to the limited and dispersed patient populations, the variation of national legal and ethical requirements, and the lack of detailed guidance. The aim of this study was to design new easy-to-use guide publicly available on European Medicines Agency’s, Enpr-EMA website for all stakeholders.MethodsCurrent EU legal, ethical and regulatory guidance for paediatric clinical trials were collated, analysed and divided into 30 subject elements in two tables. The European Network of Young Person’s Advisory Group reviewed the data and provided specific comments. A three-level recommendation using ‘traffic light’ symbols was designed for four age groups of children, according to relevance and the requirements.ResultsA single guide document includes two tables: (1) general information and (2) trial-specific information. In the age group of 6–9 years old, 92% of the trial-specific subject elements can be or should be included in the IC discussion. Even in the youngest possible age group (2–5 years old children), the number of elements considered was, on average, 52%.ConclusionThe EU Clinical Trial Regulation (2014) does not contain specific requirements exclusively for paediatric clinical trials. This work is the first to extensively collate all the current legal, regulatory and ethical documentation on the IC process, together with input from adolescents. This guide may increase the ethical standards in paediatric clinical trials.
Handheld chromatic pupillometry can accurately and rapidly reveal functional loss in glaucoma
Authors: Najjar Raymond P , Rukmini A V , Finkelstein Maxwell T , Nusinovici Simon , Mani Baskaran , Nongpiur Monisha Esther , Perera Shamira , Husain Rahat , Aung Tin , Milea Dan 
Published: December 2021

Background/aimsEarly detection and treatment of glaucoma can delay vision loss. In this study, we evaluate the performance of handheld chromatic pupillometry (HCP) for the objective and rapid detection of functional loss in glaucoma.MethodsIn this clinic-based, prospective study, we enrolled 149 patients (median (IQR) years: 68.5 (13.6) years) with confirmed glaucoma and 173 healthy controls (55.2 (26.7) years). Changes in pupil size in response to 9 s of exponentially increasing blue (469 nm) and red (640 nm) light-stimuli were assessed monocularly using a custom-built handheld pupillometer. Pupillometric features were extracted from individual traces and compared between groups. Features with the highest classification potential, selected using a gradient boosting machine technique, were incorporated into a generalised linear model for glaucoma classification. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses (ROC) were used to compare the performance of HCP, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Humphrey Visual Field (HVF).ResultsPupillary light responses were altered in glaucoma compared with controls. For glaucoma classification, HCP yielded an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.94 (95% CI 0.91 to 0.96), a sensitivity of 87.9% and specificity of 88.4%. The classification performance of HCP in early-moderate glaucoma (visual field mean deviation (VFMD) > -12 dB; AUC=0.91 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.95)) was similar to HVF (AUC=0.91) and reduced compared with OCT (AUC=0.97; p=0.01). For severe glaucoma (VFMD ≤ -12 dB), HCP had an excellent classification performance (AUC=0.98, 95% CI 0.97 to 1) that was similar to HVF and OCT.ConclusionHCP allows for an accurate, objective and rapid detection of functional loss in glaucomatous eyes of different severities.
Bystander interventions and survival after exercise-related sudden cardiac arrest: a systematic review
Authors: Grubic Nicholas , Hill Braeden , Phelan Dermot , Baggish Aaron , Dorian Paul , Johri Amer M 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate the provision of bystander interventions and rates of survival after exercise-related sudden cardiac arrest (SCA).DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesMEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library and grey literature sources were searched from inception to November/December 2020.Study eligibility criteriaObservational studies assessing a population of exercise-related SCA (out-of-hospital cardiac arrests that occurred during exercise or within 1 hour of cessation of activity), where bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and/or automated external defibrillator (AED) use were reported, and survival outcomes were ascertained.MethodsAmong all included studies, the median (IQR) proportions of bystander CPR and bystander AED use, as well as median (IQR) rate of survival to hospital discharge, were calculated.ResultsA total of 29 studies were included in this review, with a median study duration of 78.7 months and a median sample size of 91. Most exercise-related SCA patients were male (median: 92%, IQR: 86%–96%), middle-aged (median: 51, IQR: 39–56 years), and presented with a shockable arrest rhythm (median: 78%, IQR: 62%–86%). Bystander CPR was initiated in a median of 71% (IQR: 59%–87%) of arrests, whereas bystander AED use occurred in a median of 31% (IQR: 19%–42%) of arrests. Among the 19 studies that reported survival to hospital discharge, the median rate of survival was 32% (IQR: 24%–49%). Studies which evaluated the relationship between bystander interventions and survival outcomes reported that both bystander CPR and AED use were associated with survival after exercise-related SCA.ConclusionExercise-related SCA occurs predominantly in males and presents with a shockable ventricular arrhythmia in most cases, emphasising the importance of rapid access to defibrillation. Further efforts are needed to promote early recognition and a rapid bystander response to exercise-related SCA.
Mental health trajectories in undergraduate students over the first year of university: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Adams Kiera Louise , Saunders Kate E , Keown-Stoneman Charles Donald George , Duffy Anne C 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThis study examined the association between candidate psychosocial and lifestyle variables and the trajectories of clinically significant anxiety and depressive symptoms from entry to completion of first-year university.DesignA longitudinal cohort studyParticipantsFirst-year undergraduate studentsMethodsWe analysed the responses of 1686 first-year undergraduate students attending Queen’s University who completed electronic surveys at both the beginning and completion of their academic year. Predictors of change in positive anxiety and depressive symptom screens (based on exceeding validated symptom threshold scores) were identified using logistic regression.ResultsIncreased university connectedness reduced the odds of emergent significant depressive and anxiety symptoms in healthy students and increased the odds of recovery in students who screened positive at the start of university. Students who screened positive for depression or anxiety at university entry were less likely to recover if they had a lifetime history of internalising disorders. Healthy students who increased their drug use over their first year had higher odds of developing significant levels of both anxiety and depressive symptoms by completion of the academic year.ConclusionsModerate to severe levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms are common among students at entry to university and persist over the first year. University connectedness may mitigate the risk of persistent or emergent symptoms, whereas drug use appears to increase these risks. Findings have implications for university well-being initiatives.
Common elements of service delivery models that optimise quality of life and health service use among older people with advanced progressive conditions: a tertiary systematic review
Authors: Bayly Joanne , Bone Anna E , Ellis-Smith Clare , Tunnard India , Yaqub Shuja , Yi Deokhee , Nkhoma Kennedy B , Cook Amelia , Combes Sarah , Bajwah Sabrina , Harding Richard , Nicholson Caroline , Normand Charles , Ahuja Shalini , Turrillas Pamela , Kizawa Yoshiyuki , Morita Tatsuya , Nishiyama Nanako , Tsuneto Satoru , Ong Paul , Higginson Irene J , Evans Catherine J , Maddocks Matthew 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionHealth and social care services worldwide need to support ageing populations to live well with advanced progressive conditions while adapting to functional decline and finitude. We aimed to identify and map common elements of effective geriatric and palliative care services and consider their scalability and generalisability to high, middle and low-income countries.MethodsTertiary systematic review (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL, Embase, January 2000–October 2019) of studies in geriatric or palliative care that demonstrated improved quality of life and/or health service use outcomes among older people with advanced progressive conditions. Using frameworks for health system analysis, service elements were identified. We used a staged, iterative process to develop a ‘common components’ logic model and consulted experts in geriatric or palliative care from high, middle and low-income countries on its scalability.Results78 studies (59 geriatric and 19 palliative) spanning all WHO regions were included. Data were available from 17 739 participants. Nearly half the studies recruited patients with heart failure (n=36) and one-third recruited patients with mixed diagnoses (n=26). Common service elements (≥80% of studies) included collaborative working, ongoing assessment, active patient participation, patient/family education and patient self-management. Effective services incorporated patient engagement, patient goal-driven care and the centrality of patient needs. Stakeholders (n=20) emphasised that wider implementation of such services would require access to skilled, multidisciplinary teams with sufficient resource to meet patients’ needs. Identified barriers to scalability included the political and societal will to invest in and prioritise palliative and geriatric care for older people, alongside geographical and socioeconomic factors.ConclusionOur logic model combines elements of effective services to achieve optimal quality of life and health service use among older people with advanced progressive conditions. The model transcends current best practice in geriatric and palliative care and applies across the care continuum, from prevention of functional decline to end-of-life care.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020150252.
Disparities by sex in P2Y12inhibitor therapy duration, or differences in the balance of ischaemic-benefit and bleeding-risk clinical outcomes in older women versus comparable men following acute myocardial infarction? A P2Y12inhibitor new user retrospective cohort analysis of US Medicare claims data
Authors: Hickson Ryan P , Kucharska-Newton Anna M , Rodgers Jo E , Sleath Betsy L , Fang Gang 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo determine if comparable older women and men received different durations of P2Y12inhibitor therapy following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and if therapy duration differences were justified by differences in ischaemic benefits and/or bleeding risks.DesignRetrospective cohort.Setting20% sample of 2007–2015 US Medicare fee-for-service administrative claims data.Participants≥66-year-old P2Y12inhibitor new users following 2008–2013 AMI hospitalisation (N=30 613). Older women compared to older men with similar predicted risks of study outcomes.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome: P2Y12inhibitor duration (modelled as risk of therapy discontinuation). Secondary outcomes: clinical events while on P2Y12inhibitor therapy, including (1) death/hospice admission, (2) composite of ischaemic events (AMI/stroke/revascularisation) and (3) hospitalised bleeds. Cause-specific risks and relative risks (RRs) estimated using Aalen-Johansen cumulative incidence curves and bootstrapped 95% CIs.Results10 486 women matched to 10 486 men with comparable predicted risks of all 4 study outcomes. No difference in treatment discontinuation was observed at 12 months (women 31.2% risk; men 30.9% risk; RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.97 to 1.05), but women were more likely than men to discontinue therapy at 24 months (54.4% and 52.9% risk, respectively; RR 1.03; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.05). Among patients who did not discontinue P2Y12inhibitor therapy, women had lower 24-month risks of ischaemic outcomes than men (13.1% and 14.7%, respectively; RR 0.90; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.96), potentially lower 24-month risks of death/hospice admission (5.0% and 5.5%, respectively; RR 0.91; 95% CI 0.82 to 1.02), but women and men both had 2.5% 24-month bleeding risks (RR 0.98; 95% CI 0.82 to 1.14).ConclusionsRisks for death/hospice and ischaemic events were lower among women still taking a P2Y12inhibitor than comparable men, with no difference in bleeding risks. Shorter P2Y12inhibitor durations in older women than comparable men observed between 12 and 24 months post-AMI may reflect a disparity that is not justified by differences in clinical need.
Technology-based interventions for nursing home residents: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Su Zhaohui , Meyer Kylie , Li Yue , McDonnell Dean , Joseph Nitha Mathew , Li Xiaoshan , Du Yan , Advani Shailesh , Cheshmehzangi Ali , Ahmad Junaid , da Veiga Claudimar Pereira , Chung Roger Yat-Nork , Wang Jing , Hao Xiaoning 
Published: December 2021

IntroductionA growing number of technology-based interventions are used to support the health and quality of life of nursing home residents. The onset of COVID-19 and recommended social distancing policies that followed led to an increased interest in technology-based solutions to provide healthcare and promote health. Yet, there are no comprehensive resources on technology-based healthcare solutions that describe their efficacy for nursing home residents. This systematic review will identify technology-based interventions designed for nursing home residents and describe the characteristics and effects of these interventions concerning the distinctive traits of nursing home residents and nursing facilities. Additionally, this paper will present practical insights into the varying intervention approaches that can assist in the delivery of broad digital health solutions for nursing home residents amid and beyond the impact of COVID-19.Methods and analysisDatabases including the PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Scopus will be used to identify articles related to technology-based interventions for nursing home residents published between 1 January 2010 to 30 September 2021. Titles, abstracts and full-text papers will be reviewed against the eligibility criteria. The Cochrane Collaboration evaluation framework will be adopted to examine the risk of bias of the included study. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses procedures will be followed for the reporting process and implications for existing interventions and research evaluated by a multidisciplinary research team.Ethics and disseminationAs the study is a protocol for a systematic review, ethical approval is not required. The study findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberCRD 42020191880.
Corpus callosum in schizophrenia with deficit and non-deficit syndrome: a statistical shape analysis
Authors: Türk Yaşar , Ercan Ilker , Sahin Ibrahim , Erdemli Gursel Basak , Uzunoglu Arda , Öge Cem , Beyazyüz Elmas , Albayrak Yakup 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe corpus callosum (CC) is the most targeted region in the cerebrum that integrates cognitive data between homologous areas in the right and left hemispheres.AimsOur study used statistical analysis to determine whether there was a correlation between shape changes in the CC in patients with schizophrenia (SZ) (deficit syndrome (DS) and non-deficit syndrome (NDS)) and healthy control (HC) subjects.MethodsThis study consisted of 27 HC subjects and 50 schizophrenic patients (20 with DS and 30 with NDS). 3 patients with DS and 4 patients with NDS were excluded. Three-dimensional, sagittal, T1-spoiled, gradient-echo imaging was used. Standard anatomical landmarks were selected and marked on each image using specific software.ResultsAs to comparing the Procrustes mean shapes of the CC, statistically significant differences were observed between HC and SZ (DS+NDS) (p=0.017, James’s Fj=73.732), HC and DS (p<0.001, James’s Fj=140.843), HC and NDS (p=0.006, James’s Fj=89.178) and also DS and NDS (p<0.001, James’s Fj=152.967). Shape variability in the form of CC was 0.131, 0.085, 0.082 and 0.086 in the HC, SZ (DS+NDS), DS and NDS groups, respectively.ConclusionsThis study reveals callosal shape variations in patients with SZ and their DS and NDS subgroups that take into account the CC’s topographic distribution.
Fermionic singlet dark matter in one-loop solutions to the $$R_K$$ anomaly: a systematic study
Authors: Becker Mathias , Döring Dominik , Karmakar Siddhartha , Päs Heinrich 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe study the dark matter phenomenology of Standard Model extensions addressing the reported anomaly in the $$R_K$$

R
K

observable at one-loop. The article covers the case of fermionic singlet DM coupling leptophilically, quarkphilically or amphiphilically to the SM. The setup utilizes a large coupling of the new particle content to the second lepton generation to explain the $$R_K$$

R
K

anomaly, which in return tends to diminish the dark matter relic density. Further, dark matter direct detection experiments provide stringent bounds even in cases where the dark matter candidate only contributes a small fraction of the observed dark matter energy density. In fact, direct detection rules out all considered models as an explanation for the $$R_K$$

R
K

anomaly in the case of Dirac dark matter. Conversely, for Majorana dark matter, the $$R_K$$

R
K

anomaly can be addressed in agreement with direct detection in coannihilation scenarios. For leptophilic dark matter this region only exists for $$M_\text {DM} \lesssim 1000 \, \mathrm {GeV}$$

M
DM

≲
1000

GeV

and dark matter is underabundant. Quarkphilic and amphiphilic scenarios even provide narrow regions of parameter space where the observed relic density can be reproduced while offering an explanation to $$R_K$$

R
K

in agreement with direct detection experiments.
A measurement of the mean electronic excitation energy of liquid xenon
Authors: Baudis Laura , Sanchez-Lucas Patricia , Thieme Kevin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDetectors using liquid xenon as target are widely deployed in rare event searches. Conclusions on the interacting particle rely on a precise reconstruction of the deposited energy which requires calibrations of the energy scale of the detector by means of radioactive sources. However, a microscopic calibration, i.e. the translation from the number of excitation quanta into deposited energy, also necessitates good knowledge of the energy required to produce single scintillation photons or ionisation electrons in liquid xenon. The sum of these excitation quanta is directly proportional to the deposited energy in the target. The proportionality constant is the mean excitation energy and is commonly known as W-value. Here we present a measurement of the W-value with electronic recoil interactions in a small dual-phase xenon time projection chamber with a hybrid (photomultiplier tube and silicon photomultipliers) photosensor configuration. Our result is based on calibrations at $$\mathcal {O}(1{-}10\,{\hbox {keV}})$$

O
(
1
-
10

keV
)

with internal $${^{37}\hbox {Ar}}$$

37

Ar

and $${^{83\text {m}}\hbox {Kr}}$$

83
m

Kr

sources and single electron events. We obtain a value of $$W={11.5}{} \, ^{+0.2}_{-0.3} \, \mathrm {(syst.)} \, \hbox {eV}$$

W
=

11.5

-
0.3

+
0.2

(
syst
.
)

eV

, with negligible statistical uncertainty, which is lower than previously measured at these energies. If further confirmed, our result will be relevant for modelling the absolute response of liquid xenon detectors to particle interactions.
Enlightening the CSL model landscape in inflation
Authors: León Gabriel , Bengochea Gabriel R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe propose a novel realization for the natural extrapolation of the continuous spontaneous localization (CSL) model, in order to account for the origin of primordial inhomogeneities during inflation. This particular model is based on three main elements: (i) the semiclassical gravity framework, (ii) a collapse-generating operator associated to a relativistic invariant scalar of the energy-momentum tensor, and (iii) an extension of the CSL parameter(s) as a function of the spacetime curvature. Furthermore, employing standard cosmological perturbation theory at linear order, and for a reasonable range within the parameter space of the model, we obtain a nearly scale invariant power spectrum consistent with recent observational CMB data. This opens a vast landscape of different options for the application of the CSL model to the cosmological context, and possibly sheds light on searches for a full covariant version of the CSL theory.