bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic, comorbidity, lifestyle, and quality of life comparisons between chronic rhinosinusitis phenotypes
Authors: Philpott Carl , Ta Ngan Hong , Hopkins Claire , Ray Jaydip , Ahmed Shazhada , Almeyda Robert , Kara Naveed , Carrie Sean , Erskine Sally E. , Cathcart Russell , Sunkaraneni Vishnu , Robertson Alasdair , Anari Shahram , Kumar Balasubrahmanyam Nirmal , Clark Allan ,   The CRES Group
Published: March 2021

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous group of inflammatory sinonasal disorders with key defining symptoms, but traditionally separated into phenotypes by clinical/endoscopic findings. It is not known whether the two phenotypes have differing socioeconomic, comorbidity, and lifestyle differences. This analysis of the Chronic Rhinosinusitis Epidemiology Study (CRES) database sought to analyze any key differences in the socioeconomic variables between those with CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) and those without nasal polyps (CRSsNPs). We also sought to analyze differences in comorbidities, lifestyle, and quality of life.MethodsPatients with a confirmed diagnosis of CRS in secondary and tertiary care outpatient settings in the UK were invited to participate in a questionnaire‐based case–control study. Variables included demographics, socioeconomic factors, comorbidities, lifestyle factors, and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) (level 3 evidence).ResultsA total of 1204 patients' data were analyzed: 553 CRSsNP and 651 CRSwNP participants. The key socioeconomic variables did not demonstrate any notable differences, nor did lifestyle variables other than alcohol consumption being higher in those with CRSwNP (P = .032), but the latter was not significant after adjusting for age and sex. Aside from confirmation of asthma being more common in CRSwNP, it was notable that this group complained less of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), and CRSsNP participants showed evidence of worse HRQoL scores in respect of body pain (P = .001).ConclusionsPatients with CRSwNP experience higher rates of asthma and lower rates of URTIs; patients with CRSsNP have worse body pain scores. Otherwise, there are no demonstrable significant socioeconomic, comorbidity, lifestyle, or quality of life differences between the two phenotypes.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:2179–2186, 2021
Impact of thermal processing on levels of acrylamide in a wheat‐lentil flour matrix
Authors: Portman Drew , Maharjan Pankaj , Blanchard Chris , Naiker Mani , Panozzo Joe F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA growing demand for plant‐based protein has seen a resurgence in the utilisation of pulses such as lentil and chickpea as a protein‐rich substrate to produce food products traditionally based on animal or cereal protein. Additionally, pulses offer metabolic benefits due to the bioactivity of compounds including phenolic acids, simple and complex carbohydrates and a more complete amino‐acid profile which is not found in cereal grains. However, there is an increasing concern in the formation of acrylamide in food which occurs when asparagine, an abundant amino acid found in pulses, forms a complex with the reducing sugars; glucose, fructose, and maltose. Recent studies in animal models have shown that acrylamide is carcinogenic and therefore is a concern for humans. High levels of acrylamide have been reported particularly in fried products, primarily due to the Maillard reaction which amplifies the formation of acrylamide. This study investigated the levels of acrylamide in bread, cookies, and extruded products prepared with wheat‐lentil composite flour. Our research found that extrusion resulted in a significantly lower concentration of acrylamide compared to traditional baking. Additionally, increasing the amount of lentil within the composite significantly increased the net concentration of acrylamide for all bread, cookies and extrudate products.
What Does Conversion Mean in Polymer Science?
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Scheliga Felix , Weidner Steffen M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe definition of the term “conversion” is discussed for a variety of polymer syntheses. It is demonstrated that in contrast to organic and inorganic chemistry several different definitions are needed in polymer science. The influence of increasing conversion on structure and topology of homo‐ and copolymers is illustrated. Chain‐growth polymerizations, such as radical polymerization or living anionic polymerizations of vinyl monomers, condensative chain polymerization, two and three‐dimensional step‐growth polymerizations, ring–ring or chain–chain equilibration and chemical modification of polymers are considered.
Toward Largely Enhanced Toughness and Balanced Strength in PA1012/EPDM Blends via Synergistic Effect of Sacrificial Bonds and Network Structure
Authors: Sun Canchen , Wang Yuanyuan , Wang Bin , Cao Yanxia , Wang Jianfeng , Yang Yanyu , Wang Wanjie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHere, zinc‐neutralized ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) ionomers with different neutralization levels are prepared through melt blending, and are then incorporated with polyamide 1012 (PA1012) to fabricate PA1012/EPDM ionomer blends. Interestingly, complex crosslinking networks are formed in the blends due to the construction of sacrificial bonds (Zn2+‐carboxyl, Zn2+‐amide). The as‐formed network structure and sacrificial bond endow the PA/EPDM blends with largely enhanced toughness (16 times higher than that of neat PA), as well as balanced strength and stiffness. Meanwhile, the rheological behaviors of PA1012/EPDM ionomer blends indicate their relative low melting viscosity, which can avoid the processing shortcomings of plastics toughened with rubber. Moreover, PA1012/EPDM ionomer blends show obvious gelation behavior, and a maximum notched Izod impact strength exhibited at the gel point, in which unique double network structure can be observed obviously, indicating that there is a corresponding correlation between the rheological and mechanical parameters. Furthermore, the supper‐toughening mechanism of PA1012/EPDM ionomer blends at gel point is explored, which origins from the large deformation and cavitation of rubber particles and the destruction of special double network morphologies. This study provides a novel and effective strategy to fabricate PA materials with outstanding toughness and excellent strength simultaneously.
Material Design for 3D Multifunctional Hydrogel Structure Preparation
Authors: Shin Woohyeon , Kim Jun Seop , Kim Heesung , Choi Hui Ju , Lee Hee Jung , Um Moon Kwang , Choi Moon Kee , Chung Kyeongwoon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHydrogels are recognized as one of the most promising materials for e‐skin devices because of their unique applicable functionalities such as flexibility, stretchability, biocompatibility, and conductivity. Beyond the excellent sensing functionalities, the e‐skin devices further need to secure a target‐oriented 3D structure to be applied onto various body parts having complex 3D shapes. However, most e‐skin devices are still fabricated in simple 2D film‐type devices, and it is an intriguing issue to fabricate complex 3D e‐skin devices resembling target body parts via 3D printing. Here, a material design guideline is provided to prepare multifunctional hydrogels and their target‐oriented 3D structures based on extrusion‐based 3D printing. The material design parameters to realize target‐oriented 3D structures via 3D printing are systematically derived from the correlation between material design of hydrogels and their gelation characteristics, rheological properties, and 3D printing processability for extrusion‐based 3D printing. Based on the suggested material design window, ion conductive self‐healable hydrogels are designed and successfully applied to extrusion‐based 3D printing to realize various 3D shapes.
Rapid Phenotypic Stock Identification of Chinook Salmon in Recreational Fishery Management
Authors: Jensen Alexander J. , Schreck Carl B. , Peterson James T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rapid phenotypic stock identification in mixed-stock fisheries can provide a useful alternative to more time-intensive methods (e.g., coded wire tags, genetics) in assessing harvest and informing management decisions. We leveraged local ecological knowledge, existing stock identification methods, and understanding of life history differences to develop rapid stock identification tools for fall-run Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha encountered in the Buoy 10 recreational fishery at the mouth of the Columbia River. Specifically, we sought to differentiate between the fishery’s two dominant genetic lineages: lower river tules and upriver brights. We sampled recreationally landed Chinook Salmon in 2017, 2018, and 2019, assigned sampled individuals to functional reporting groups using a single-nucleotide-polymorphism-based genetic baseline, and collected measurements on phenotypic traits. Using traits including pigmentation patterns (e.g., spotting), fin morphology, characteristics indicative of sexual maturity, and muscle lipid content, random forest classification models provided consistently high classification success across and within genetic groups (i.e., up to 90%). Classification success remained consistent over time within fishery seasons and between years but showed meaningful bias between sexes. Based on observed classification success, we developed and evaluated a categorical visual identification guide capable of facilitating more rapid trait observations and on-site stock identification. The resulting classification key, built using classification trees and visual guide observations from 2019, achieved slightly lower classification success across and within genetic groups and had variable success among samplers. Compared with the existing use of coded wire tags in harvest assessment, phenotypic stock identification methods can provide more rapid and more numerous assignments, albeit with a greater degree of individual assignment error. Applied as a complement to standard methods like coded wire tags, the use of rapid phenotypic stock identification methods offers the potential for increased overall precision and timeliness in harvest assessments.
Novel twelve port eight element UWB‐MIMO antenna
Authors: Cheng Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article presents the design of a highly integrated twelve port ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna array for multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) communications. The proposed array consists of a unit cell element constructed using a circular arc structure excited by a simple microstrip line feed terminated by an arc‐like stub. The proposed unit cell antenna covers 3–9 GHz covering most of the third, fourth, and fifth generation communication frequencies. The 3D antenna array has an overall board size of 33 × 33 × 15 mm3 consisting of one horizontal board and two vertical boards. The vertical boards are interlocked and are directly positioned above the horizontal boards. Four antennas with dual feed excitation are deployed on the horizontal board while each vertical board is printed with two elements with single port excitation. Thus, a highly integrated twelve port antenna is realized with isolation better than 15 dB between each port. The prototype antenna offers both polarization and pattern diversity leading to enhanced MIMO performance.
Motion‐compensated 3D turbo spin‐echo for more robust MR intracranial vessel wall imaging
Authors: Hu Zhehao , van der Kouwe Andre , Han Fei , Xiao Jiayu , Chen Junzhou , Han Hui , Bi Xiaoming , Li Debiao , Fan Zhaoyang 
Published: March 2021

Purpose(1) To investigate the effect of internal localized movement on 3DMR intracranial vessel wall imaging and (2) to develop a novel motion‐compensation approach combining volumetric navigator (vNav) and self‐gating (SG) to simultaneously compensate for bulk and localized movements.MethodsA 3D variable‐flip‐angle turbo spin‐echo (ie, SPACE) sequence was modified to incorporate vNav and SG modules. The SG signals from the center k‐space line are acquired at the beginning of each TR to detect localized motion‐affected TRs. The vNavs from low‐resolution 3D EPI are acquired to identify bulk head motion. Fifteen healthy subjects and 3 stroke patients were recruited in this study. Overall image quality (0‐poor to 4‐excellent) and vessel wall sharpness were compared among the scenarios with and without bulk and/or localized motion and/or the proposed compensation strategies.ResultsLocalized motion reduced wall sharpness, which was significantly mitigated by SG (ie, outer boundary of basilar artery: 0.68 ± 0.27 vs 0.86 ± 0.17; P = .037). When motion occurred, the overall image quality and vessel wall sharpness obtained with vNav‐SG SPACE were significantly higher than those obtained with conventional SPACE (ie, basilarartery outer boundary sharpness: 0.73 ± 0.24 vs 0.94 ± 0.24; P = .033), yet comparable to those obtained in motion‐free scans (ie, basilarartery outer boundary sharpness: 0.94 ± 0.24 vs 0.96 ± 0.31; P = .815).ConclusionLocalized movements can induce considerable artifacts in intracranial vessel wall imaging. The vNav‐SG approach is capable of compensating for both bulk and localized motions.
Light‐triggered dePEGylation with decreasing the diameter of hydroxyapatite nanocarriers for enhanced cellular uptake and tumor penetration
Authors: Li Xiaojing , Xi Dongmei , Zhang Zhen , Long Saran , Chen Pengzhong , Du Jianjun , Sun Wen , Fan Jiangli , Peng Xiaojun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPEGylation of nano‐drug delivery systems (NDDSs) has been investigated to overcome the side effect of conventional chemotherapy including improving pharmacokinetics by prolonging drug circulation, reducing immune clearance and premature drug leakage. Although, PEGylation of NDDSs can also disturb the tumor penetration and cellular uptake with the diameter enhancement. Therefore, in this work, we constitute a light‐triggered dePEGylation strategy, which results in the decrease of diameter of the pH‐responsive hydroxyapatite drug nanocarriers (DOX@HAP‐PEG) for enhanced cellular uptake and tumor penetration. Under light irradiation (650 nm), PEG chains can be availably separated from the nanocarrier by cleaving the Cy linker. Moreover, the cellular uptake of DOX@HAP‐PEG and DOX@HAP‐PEG+L (DOX@HAP‐PEG under light irradiation) are explored against MCF‐7, Hela, and HepG2 cancer cells. The results show that the cellular uptake of DOX@HAP‐PEG is lower than that of DOX@HAP‐PEG+L. In addition, in 3D tumor model, DOX@HAP‐PEG+L can better penetrate into the cell spheroid than DOX@HAP‐PEG, which is demonstrated by the accumulated fluorescence signals in the cell spheroid.
Coarse‐arithmetic coordinate descent for the resolution of semidefinite linear systems
Authors: Thao Nguyen T. , Rzepka Dominik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe propose an inexact coordinate descent method to solve a consistent equation of the type Ax = b where A is a real symmetric and positive semidefinite matrix. The admissible range of inexactitude allows to reduce every multiplication present in the computation to a scaling by a signed power of 2 for the sake of hardware simplification. Although the resulting descent is nonideal, the numerical experiments show that its rate of convergence remains close to that of exact coordinate descent, whether the coordinate selection is cyclic or random. Meanwhile, our algorithm outperforms both methods with an additional low complexity “weak greedy” selection of the coordinates, also based on scaling by signed powers of 2. Our method is based on an advanced use of varying relaxation coefficients in the Gauss–Seidel iteration, with special theoretical considerations when A is singular.
Trans‐1,4‐stereospecific copolymerization of isoprene and butadiene catalyzed by TiCl4/MgCl2 Ziegler–Natta catalyst: III Effect of alkylaluminium on monomer reactivity ratios
Authors: Niu Qingtao , Zhang Junying , He Aihua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCopolymerizations of isoprene (Ip) and butadiene (Bd) in different Bd/Ip feed ratios were carried out using the heterogeneous TiCl4/MgCl2 type Ziegler–Natta (Z‐N) catalysts activated by trimethylaluminium (AlMe3), triethylaluminium (AlEt3), triisobutylaluminium (Al(i‐Bu)3) or tri‐n‐octylaluminium (AlOct3). Monomer reactivity ratios of Ip and Bd (rIp, rBd) in the copolymerizations were calculated by the Kelen–Tödüs method and then instantaneous compositions of the copolymers were theoretically acquired based on the Mayo–Lewis equation. The effects of alkylaluminiums on copolymerization activity, copolymer microstructure, comonomer incorporation, monomer reactivity ratios and copolymer instantaneous composition were investigated. Using AlEt3 led to higher copolymerization activity and trans‐1,4 stereoselectivity compared with other trialkylaluminiums. AlOct3 with bulky n‐octyl groups showed a higher Bd monomer reactivity ratio. The theoretical copolymer composition drift based on the Mayo–Lewis equation was in good coincidence with the experimental data measured by real‐time 1H NMR during the steady polymerization stage. The nature of the discrepancy between the theoretical and measured copolymer compositions obtained in the initial polymerization stage is discussed in detail. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
A probabilistic long‐term framework for site‐specific erosion analysis of wind turbine blades: A case study of 31 Dutch sites
Authors: Shankar Verma Amrit , Jiang Zhiyu , Ren Zhengru , Caboni Marco , Verhoef Hans , van der Mijle‐Meijer Harald , Castro Saullo G.P. , Teuwen Julie J.E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRain‐induced leading‐edge erosion (LEE) of wind turbine blades (WTBs) is associated with high repair and maintenance costs. The effects of LEE can be triggered in less than 1 to 2 years for some wind turbine sites, whereas it may take several years for others. In addition, the growth of erosion may also differ for different blades and turbines operating at the same site. Hence, LEE is a site‐ and turbine‐specific problem. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic long‐term framework for assessing site‐specific lifetime of a WTB coating system. Case studies are presented for 1.5 and 10 MW wind turbines, where geographic bubble charts for the leading‐edge lifetime and number of repairs expected over the blade's service life are established for 31 sites in the Netherlands. The proposed framework efficiently captures the effects of spatial and orographic features of the sites and wind turbine specifications on LEE calculations. For instance, the erosion is highest at the coastal sites and for sites located at higher altitudes. In addition, erosion is faster for turbines associated with higher tip speeds, and the effects are critical for such sites where the exceedance probability for rated wind conditions are high. The study will aid in the development of efficient operation and maintenance strategies for wind farms.
Tin‐rich stannides CePd2Sn3, REPd2Sn4, Pr2Pd4Sn7 and RE3Pd6Sn10 – Crystal chemistry and 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy
Authors: Engelbert Simon , Klenner Steffen , Reimann Maximilian Kai , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe stannides CePd2Sn3, REPd2Sn4 (RE=Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm), Pr2Pd4Sn7 and RE3Pd6Sn10 (RE=Ce, Pr) were synthesized from the elements by arc‐melting and subsequent annealing in muffle or induction furnaces. The praseodymium, neodymium and samarium compounds are reported for the first time. The structures of PrPd2Sn4 and Pr2Pd4Sn7 were refined from single crystal X‐ray diffractometer data. The common structural building units of these stannides are condensed Pd@Sn5 square pyramids and Pd@Sn6 octahedra. The RE2Pd4Sn7 and RE3Pd6Sn10 structures are intergrowth variants of CePd2Sn3 and CePd2Sn4 related slabs. PrPd2Sn4, NdPd2Sn4 and Pr3Pd6Sn10 show Curie‐Weiss behavior with experimental magnetic moments close to the free‐ion values. Antiferromagetric ordering is detected at Néel temperatures of 8.2(1) K (PrPd2Sn4), 10.3(1) K (NdPd2Sn4) and 6.7(1) K (Pr3Pd6Sn10). The three stannides show metamagnetic transitions at low external field strengths. The stannides CePd2Sn3, REPd2Sn4 (RE=Ce, Pr, Nd) and RE3Pd6Sn10 (RE=Ce, Pr) were further characterized via their 119Sn Mössbauer spectra which reflect the different tin substructures: (i) cis‐Sn4 units, (ii) Sn2 pairs and (iii) square grids.
The inverse seesaw family: Dirac and Majorana
Authors: Chuliá Salvador Centelles , Srivastava Rahul , Vicente Avelino 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
After developing a general criterion for deciding which neutrino mass models belong to the category of inverse seesaw models, we apply it to obtain the Dirac analogue of the canonical Majorana inverse seesaw model. We then generalize the inverse seesaw model and obtain a class of inverse seesaw mechanisms both for Majorana and Dirac neutrinos. We further show that many of the models have double or multiple suppressions coming from tiny symmetry breaking “μ-parameters”. These models can be tested both in colliders and with the observation of lepton flavour violating processes.
Bubble needs strings
Authors: Banerjee Souvik , Danielsson Ulf , Giri Suvendu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we want to emphasize the pivotal role played by strings in the model realizing de Sitter using an expanding bubble, proposed and subsequently developed in [1–3]. Contrary to the Randall-Sundrum model of brane-localized gravity, we use the end points of radially stretched strings to obtain matter sourcing gravity induced on the bubble wall. This allows us to reinterpret the possible volume divergence coming from naive dimensional reduction as mass renormalization in four dimensional particle physics. Furthermore, we argue that the residual time dependence in the bulk, pointed out by some recent work as a possible shortcoming of such models, is automatically cured in presence of these stringy sources.
Population genomics of Mediterranean oat (A. sativa) reveals high genetic diversity and three loci for heading date
Authors: Canales F. J. , Montilla-Bascón G. , Bekele W. A. , Howarth C. J. , Langdon T. , Rispail N. , Tinker N. A. , Prats E. 
Published: March 2021

Key messageGenomic analysis of Mediterranean oats reveals high genetic diversity and three loci for adaptation to this environment. This information together with phenotyping and passport data, gathered in an interactive map, will be a vital resource for oat genetic improvement.AbstractDuring the twentieth century, oat landraces have increasingly been replaced by modern cultivars, resulting in loss of genetic diversity. However, landraces have considerable potential to improve disease and abiotic stress tolerance and may outperform cultivars under low input systems. In this work, we assembled a panel of 669 oat landraces from Mediterranean rim and 40 cultivated oat varieties and performed the first large-scale population genetic analysis of both red and white oat types of Mediterranean origin. We created a public database associated with an interactive map to visualize information for each accession. The oat collection was genotyped with 17,288 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci to evaluate population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD); to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAs) for heading date, a key character closely correlated with performance in this drought-prone area. Population genetic analysis using both structure and PCA distinguished two main groups composed of the red and white oats, respectively. The white oat group was further divided into two subgroups. LD decay was slower within white lines in linkage groups Mrg01, 02, 04, 12, 13, 15, 23, 33, whereas it was slower within red lines in Mrg03, 05, 06, 11, 21, 24, and 28. Association analysis showed several significant markers associated with heading date on linkage group Mrg13 in white oats and on Mrg01 and Mrg08 in red oats.