bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilient supply chain network design under disruption and operational risks
Authors: Shi Honghua , Ni Yaodong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, supply chain resilience has drawn widespread attention from academics and practitioners due to the high likelihood of operational risk and the destructive consequence of disruption risk. However, the studies on resilient supply chain design considering these two types of risks are limited. Furthermore, how to quantify the uncertainty arising from the lack of historical data in the planing stage is not sufficiently studied. Aiming at these problems, this paper presents two uncertain programming models that optimize the strategic decisions before disruptions and supply chain operations after disruptions. The presented models introduce p-robustness measure to bound the cost in disruption scenarios. Besides, uncertainty theory is adopted to handle parameter uncertainty in the absence of historical data. Later, these two programming models are converted into their corresponding deterministic equivalents, which can be solved by cplex. Finally, we illustrate the validity and feasibility of the proposed models and explore the impact of critical parameters on the optimal solution by implementing a series of randomly generated instances and a practical case. The observations may provide some interesting managerial insights for decision-making in reality.
Common and Mutation Specific Phenotypes of KRAS and BRAF Mutations in Colorectal Cancer Cells Revealed by Integrative-Omics Analysis
Authors: Kundu Snehangshu , Ali Muhammad Akhtar , Handin Niklas , Conway Louis P. , Rendo Veronica , Artursson Per , He Liqun , Globisch Daniel , Sjöblom Tobias 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGenes in the Ras pathway have somatic mutations in at least 60 % of colorectal cancers. Despite activating the same pathway, the BRAF V600E mutation and the prevalent mutations in codon 12 and 13 of KRAS have all been linked to different clinical outcomes, but the molecular mechanisms behind these differences largely remain to be clarified.MethodsTo characterize the similarities and differences between common activating KRAS mutations and between KRAS and BRAF mutations, we used genome editing to engineer KRAS G12C/D/V and G13D mutations in colorectal cancer cells that had their mutant BRAF V600E allele removed and subjected them to transcriptome sequencing, global proteomics and metabolomics analyses.ResultsBy intersecting differentially expressed genes, proteins and metabolites, we uncovered (i) two-fold more regulated genes and proteins when comparing KRAS to BRAF mutant cells to those lacking Ras pathway mutation, (ii) five differentially expressed proteins in KRAS mutants compared to cells lacking Ras pathway mutation (IFI16, S100A10, CD44, GLRX and AHNAK2) and 6 (CRABP2, FLNA, NXN, LCP1, S100A10 and S100A2) compared to BRAF mutant cells, (iii) 19 proteins expressed differentially in a KRAS mutation specific manner versus BRAF V600E cells, (iv) regulation of the Integrin Linked Kinase pathway by KRAS but not BRAF mutation, (v) regulation of amino acid metabolism, particularly of the tyrosine, histidine, arginine and proline pathways, the urea cycle and purine metabolism by Ras pathway mutations, (vi) increased free carnitine in KRAS and BRAF mutant RKO cells.ConclusionsThis comprehensive integrative-omics analysis confirms known and adds novel genes, proteins and metabolic pathways regulated by mutant KRAS and BRAF signaling in colorectal cancer. The results from the new model systems presented here can inform future development of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches targeting tumors with KRAS and BRAF mutations.
Effect of Spectral CT on Tumor Microvascular Angiogenesis in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Bei , Wu Qiong , Qiu Xiang , Ding Xiaobo , Wang Jin , Li Jing , Sun Pengfei , Hu Xiaohan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: To examine the value of spectral CT quantitative parameters in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) microvascular angiogenesis.Methods: The authors evaluated 32 patients with pathologically confirmed RCC who underwent triple-phase contrast-enhanced CT with spectral CT imaging mode from January 2017 to December 2019. Quantitative parameters including the parameters derived from iodine concentration (IC) and water concentration (WC) of 120 keV monochromatic images. The microvascular density (MVD), microvascular area (MVA) and etc. al. of specimens were evaluated. The correlation between IC and WC (including average values and random values) with microvascular parameters were analyzed using Pearson or Spearman rank correlation coefficients.Results: The MVD of all tumors was 26.00 (15.00-43.75) vessels per field at ×400 magnification. The MVD of RCC correlated positively with the mean IC, mean WC, mean NWC, mean NIC, random IC, random NIC in renal cortical phase, WCD1, WCD2, NWCD2 and ICD1 (Spearman rank correlation coefficients, r range, 0.362–0.533; all p < 0.05). The MVA of all tumors was (16.16±8.98) % per field at ×400 magnification. The MVA of RCC correlated positively with the mean IC, mean WC, mean NWC, mean NIC, random IC, random NIC in renal cortical, mean WC and mean NWC in renal parenchymal phase, WCD1, WCD2, WCD3, NWCD2, and NWCD3 (Pearson or Spearman rank correlation coefficients, r range, 0.357–0.576; all p < 0.05). Microvascular grading correlated positively with the mean NWC, mean NIC and random NIC in renal cortical phase, mean NWC in renal parenchymal phase, NWCD2, WCD3, NWCD3, NICD2 and NICD3 (Spearman rank correlation coefficients, r range, 0.367–0.520; all p < 0.05). As for tumor diameter (55.19±19.15), μm, only NWCD3 was associated with it (Spearman rank correlation coefficients, r = 0.388; p < 0.05). Conclusions: IC and WC indexes derived from spectral CT, especially the renal cortical phase, difference between renal cortical phase and parenchymal phase were useful indicators for evaluating tumor angiogenesis. Moreover, the difference of the derived parameters of WC in different phases has stronger correlation with tumor angiogenesis than that of IC.
Heterologous Expression and Biochemical Characterization of a Peanut Bowman-Birk Type Inhibitor
Authors: Cheng Lei , Tian Kangming , Mchunu Nokuthula Peace , Niu Dandan , Zhang Meng , Wang Zheng-Xiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives To heterologously express peanut ( Arachis ipaensis ) Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) and characterize its properties. Results A putative BBI gene from peanut was overexpressed in Pichia pastoris with the maximal yield of 11.1 mg/L in a 250-mL shaking flask fermentation. The recombinant peanut BBI (rPBBI) was purified and its molecular weight was estimated to be 9 kDa. Purified rPBBI showed 5223.6 TIA/mg inhibitory activity toward trypsin. It retained more than 95% of its inhibitory activity over wide range of temperatures (40 to 90 o C) and pH (2.0 to 10.0) after incubation for 60 min. When presence of 100 mM dithiothreitol, rPBBI lost more than 80% inhibitory activity in 30 min. Conclusion The current investigation expressed a peanut BBI with stable inhibitory activity against trypsin and exposed the potential of heterologous overexpression approach in large scale production of BBI.
On Opening Crack Propagation in Viscoelastic Solids
Authors: Persson Bo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We show that the Persson-Brener theory of crack propagation in viscoelastic solids gives a viscoelastic fracture energy factor G/G0 = 1 + f which is nearly the same as the viscoelastic factor obtained using the cohesive-zone model. We also discuss finite-size effects and comment on the use of crack propagation theories for “solids” with a viscoelastic modulus that vanishes at zero frequency.
Exploring the Enablers and Barriers to Social Prescribing for People Living With Long-Term Neurological Conditions: A Focus Group Investigation
Authors: Simpson Suzanne , Furlong Moira , Giebel Clarissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
People living with Long Term Neurological Conditions (LTNCs) value peer support and social activities. Psychological support and wellbeing enables them to manage their condition. Social prescribing is a formal process of referring patients to a link worker to co-design a plan to improve their health and wellbeing. Intervention involves supporting participation in activities based within the individual’s local community. This study aimed to explore the barriers and enablers to accessing social prescribing for people living with LTNCs (plwLTNCs).
Methods
A total of four focus groups were carried out with 17 participants, including different neurological conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Fragile X Syndrome, epilepsy, and traumatic brain injury. Two participants were family carers and supported people living with epilepsy and motor neurone disease. Findings were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
Five themes were identified: (1) Lack of knowledge; (2) Service provision difficulties; (3) Benefits of social prescribing activities; (4) Physical barriers and (5) Psychological barriers. There was a lack of knowledge about social prescribing and what it actually was. Participants anticipated service provision difficulties relating to funding, link workers need for knowledge of LTNC’s and for activities to be varied and individualised. The potential benefits of social prescribing activities were recognised across the groups especially its potential to tackle loneliness and to offer plwLTNC’s purpose. Participants highlighted a number of physical barriers such as transport and accessibility; and psychological barriers such as anxiety and stigma.
Conclusion
Social prescribing aims to address the health inequalities of those living with long-term conditions, however currently it is likely to exclude plwLTNCs. Recommendations for future research are made.
A Meta-analysis of the Therapeutic Effect of Intranasal Salmon Calcitonin on Osteoporosis
Authors: Li Ning , Gong Yi Chen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intranasal salmon calcitonin in the treatment of osteoporosis.Methods: eight Chinese and English databases were searched by electronic search (from the establishment of the database to October 2019). The literature was screened according to the inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria, the quality was evaluated according to Cochrane software, and the Review Manager 5.2 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: a total of 374 documents were retrieved and 12 (12 original studies) were included after the screening, with a total sample capacity of 1068 cases. Meta-analysis showed that the intranasal salmon calcitonin had obvious advantages in reducing blood calcium, improving the ratio of serum creatinine and alkaline phosphatase. In addition, The intranasal, salmon calcitonin had no obvious advantages in other indicators, It can't be illustrated that the combination of BCS and other conventional drugs is more effective than the simple use of conventional drugs. Conclusion: The intranasal salmon calcitonin is superior to conventional drugs in reducing blood calcium, increasing creatinine ratio, and alkaline phosphatase, but its advantages in other indicators such as improving the bone density of lumbar vertebrae and hip have not been confirmed, and it is not clear that the combination of intranasal salmon calcitonin and other conventional drugs is better than the simple conventional drugs.
Bioinformatics Analyses of Serine Acetyltransferase (SAT) Gene Family in Rice (Oryza sativa) and their Expressions under Salt Stress
Authors: Kurt Fırat , Filiz Ertugrul , Aydın Adnan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Assimilation of sulfur to cysteine occurs in the presence of serine acetyltransferase (SAT). In this study, SAT genes in rice (Oryza sativa) were identified and analyzed using bioinformatics approaches. Also, these genes were tested under salt stress. OsSATs have two common motifs, bacterial transferase hexapeptide and acetyltransferase and underwent purifying selection. They have more similar protein sequences compared to Arabidopsis. However, there is structural and functional divergence among OsSATs which may be driven by the segmental and tandem duplications. Purifying selection and gene duplications may also have effect leading to variation of specificity and selectivity of OsSATs. In this regard, Asp (D), His (H), Gly (G), Thr (T), Arg (R), Ala (A), and Leu (L) are identified as well-conserved residues in their active sites which have an indicator role on their functions. The OsSATs expressions in different tissues, organs and under hormones showed that jasmonic acid was main hormone inducing the expressions of OsSAT1;1, OsSAT2;1, and OsSAT2;2 whereas auxin and abscisic acid only triggered OsSAT1;1 expression. On the other hand, wet-lab expressions of OsSATs in this study indicated that OsSAT1;1, OsSAT1;2 and OsSAT1;3 genes were upregulated under different exposure times of salt stress. OsSAT1;1 is the only OsSAT induced by various situmuli. The findings can be used by plant breeders and genetic engineers to develop new rice varieties having optimal growth and stress tolerance.
Association Between Body Mass Index, Its Change And Cognitive Impairment Among Chinese Older Adults: A Community-Based, 9-Year Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Shanshan , Lv Xiaozhen , Shen Jie , Chen Hui , Ma Yuan , Jin Xurui , Yang Jiaxi , Cao Yaying , Zong Geng , Wang Huali , Yuan Changzheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective To examine the association of baseline body mass index (BMI) and BMI change with cognitive impairment among older adults in China. Methods The study included data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study, a national community-based prospective cohort study from 2002-2018. Baseline BMI and BMI change measurements were available for 12,027 adults aged older than 65 years. Cognitive impairment was defined as Chinese version of the Mini Mental State Examination score less than 18. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard model was used.Results Among 12027 participants (mean age was 81.23 years old and 47.48% were male), the proportion of underweight, normal, overweight and obese at baseline was 33.87%, 51.39%, 11.39% and 3.34%, respectively. During an average of 5.9 years’ follow-up, 3086 participants (4.35 per 100 person-years) with incident cognitive impairment were identified. Compared with normal weight group, adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) for cognitive impairment was 0.86 (95% CI 0.75-0.99) among overweight group, whereas corresponding AHR was 1.02 (95% CI 0.94-1.10) in underweight and 1.01 (95% CI 0.80-1.28) in obese. Large weight loss (<-10%) was significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment (AHR, 1.42, 95% CI 1.29-1.56), compared to stable weight status group (-5%~5%). In the restricted cubic spline models, BMI change showed a L-shaped association with cognitive impairment. Conclusions BMI-defined overweight is associated with a reduced risk of cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults, while large weight loss is associated with increased risk. More attention should be paid to older adults with significant weight loss.
Development of Prevention Strategies Against Bath-related Deaths Based on Epidemiological Surveys of Inquest Records: A Model Study in Kagoshima Prefecture
Authors: Katsuyama Midori , Higo Eri , Miyamoto Machiko , Nakamae Takuma , Onitsuka Daiko , Fukumoto Akiko , Yatsushiro Masahiko , Hayashi Takahito 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sudden death in the bathroom (bath-related death) occurs more frequently in Japan than in other countries, especially among the elderly. To clarify the epidemiological characteristics of bath-related deaths, we reviewed inquest records of deaths in Kagoshima Prefecture from 2006 to 2019. We identified 2,689 cases of bath-related death. Of these cases, 90% were among people aged ≥65 years. The majority of cases occurred in a home bathtub between 16:00 and 20:00. Most deaths (52.0%) occurred in winter (December to February), and there was a significant negative correlation with the environmental temperature (maximum, minimum, and mean) on the day of death. We identified the environmental temperature that bath-related deaths were likely to occur in each region of Kagoshima. The causes of death were cardiac death in 1,231 cases and drowning in 855 cases. Forensic autopsies were performed in only 29 cases. Although autopsies are essential to elucidate the pathogenesis of bath-related deaths, it is difficult to increase the rate of autopsies under the current Japanese death investigation system. Therefore, we suggest that the best way to prevent bath-related death is establishing an “Alert system” based on our results, and to have people refrain from bathing on dangerous days.
A Novel Architecture for 10-bit 40MSPS Low Power Pipelined ADC using Simultaneous Capacitor and Op-amp Sharing Technique
Authors: Sam Shylu , Moni D. Jackuline , Paul P.Sam , Nirmal D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work presents a low power 10-bit 40 MSPS Pipelined ADC with 1.8V supply voltage in a 180nm silicon based CMOS process. Simultaneous capacitor sharing and op-amp sharing technique is used between two successive stages of a Sample-and Hold Ampifier (SHA) to reduce the power consumption.The memory effect in the proposed ADC is eliminated by a low input capacitance variable gm op-amp. The differential and integral nonlinearity of the converter are within LSB.Simulation results show that the required Signal-Furious-Dynamic range (SFDR) of 70dB, Signal-to -Noise-plus Distortion Ratio (SNDR) of 56.1dB and 9.02 Effective Number of Bits ( ENOB ) has been achieved with a 2MHz, 1-Vp−p,diff input signal while consuming only 7.3mW power from 1.8V supply.
Silver Nanoparticles as A Highly Viricidal Agent to Deter Plant-Infecting Viruses and Disrupt their Acquisition and Transmissibility by Vector Aphid
Authors: Gamal Ahmed El , Tohamy Mohamed Reda , Abou-Zaid Mohamed Ibrahim , Atia Mahmoud Mohamed , Sayed Tarek El , Farroh Khaled 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a potentially effective tool for deterring viral plant pathogens. This study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of AgNPs to defeat Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) on faba bean plants from the host, virus and vector aphid tripartite interactions side. The antiviral capabilities were evaluated during a foliar protective and curative scheme. Furthermore, the efficiency of AgNPs on virus acquisition and transmission by its vector aphid was investigated. Results indicated that the AgNPs had greatly exhibited curative viricidal activities for inactivation BYMV when applied 48 h post-virus inoculation. The disease occurrence was entirely inhibited with AgNPs rate as low as 100 mg.l− 1, while the infectivity was completely arrested when plants were preventively exposed to 200 mg.l− 1 24 h pre-virus inoculation. AgNPs proved high bio-reactivity by binding to viral particles, suppressing their replication and accumulation within the plant tissues. Moreover, it was noticeably showed to upregulate the pathogenesis-related gene (PR-1) and promote the defense-related enzymes and protein profiles in treated plants irrespective of concentration. Exposure of aphids to AgNPs-treated plants before virus acquisition excitingly reduced the BYMV acquisition and transmission efficiency by 40.65% up to 100 % 24 h post-application and the virus acquisition was affected for 10 days by 6.89 Up to 79.64 % depending on the AgNPs rate. These results concluded that the AgNPs have a high curing viricidal activity by targeting the virus envelop, and more excitingly it can affect the virus-vector combination, suggesting that it may contribute to alleviating the natural disease occurrence and virus transmission under field conditions. Therefore, according to the available literature, this study provides the first report on the deterring activity of nanomaterials against plant virus acquisition and transmission by its vector insects.
Partial Policy Hiding Attribute-Based Encryption in Vehicular Fog Computing
Authors: Gan Tingyun , Liao Yongjian , Liang Yikuan , Zhou Zijun , Zhang Ganglin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Vehicular fog computing (VFC), combing vehicle ad hoc networks (VANET) with fog computing, is an efficient vehicle communication architecture. However, the user data is often threatened since VFC is an open environment. Attribute-based encryption (ABE) is suitable for open scenarios, such as cloud and Internet of Things (IoT), because of its confidentiality and access control characteristics. However, the traditional ABE has disadvantages, such as the inability to hide the attributes in the access policy, and the use of computationally inefficient composite order bilinear pairing groups to prove adaptive security. Traditional ABE is not practical in VFC. We summarized the existing schemes of full policy hiding ABE and partial policy hiding ABE, then concluded that partial policy hiding ABE is more suitable for VFC. We combine policy hiding technology and the technology of converting bilinear pairing cryptography schemes into prime-order bilinear pairing cryptography schemes and propose an efficient and partial policy-hiding ciphertext-policy ABE (CP-ABE) scheme suitable for VFC. Experiments have proved that our scheme is computationally more efficient than previous policy hiding ABE schemes.
Development of a Prediction Score for In-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Kidney Injury: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Ponce Daniela , de Andrade Luis Gustavo Modelli , Granado Rolando Claure-Del , Fuentes Alejandro Ferrero , Lombardi Raul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is frequently associated to COVID-19, and is considered an indicator of severity of disease and is thus associated with increased mortality risk”. Objective: The aim of the study was to develop and validate a prognostic score at hospital admission for predicting in-hospital mortality in COVID-19 patients with AKI (AKI-COV score).Design: Cross-sectional multicenter prospective cohort study.Setting: The Latin America AKI COVID-19 Registry has been conducted in 57 cities in 12 countries from Latin America. Model training was performed on a cohort of patients admitted from May 1 to December 31, 2020. Participants: Eight hundred and seventy COVID-19 patients with AKI defined according KDIGO serum creatinine criteria were included between 01 May to 31 December 2020.Material and Methods: We evaluated four categories of predictor variables available at the time of AKI diagnosis: (1) demographic data; (2) comorbidities and condition at admission; (3) laboratory exams at admission; (4) characteristics and causes of AKI. We used a machine learning approach to fit models in the training set using 10-fold-cross validation. Predictors with more than 30% missing were removed. We select the best model and confirm the accuracy in a validation cohort using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC). Main Outcome Measured: In-hospital mortality.Results: There were 544 (62.5%) in-hospital deaths. Increasing age, mechanical ventilation, use of vasopressors, leukocytes number[RC1] transaminases levels, hypertension, severe condition at admission, AKI ethiology, and need kidney replacement therapies (KRT) were associated with increased risk of death. Longer time from symptoms to hospitalization or to AKI diagnosis, and higher urine output were associated with reduced risk of death. The coefficients of the best model (Elastic Net) were used to build the predictive ImAgeS score. The final model has an AUC-ROC of 0.823 [95% CI 0.761 – 0.885] in the validation cohort. Conclusion: We developed a predictive model using only demographic data, comorbidities, hospital admission condition, laboratory variables and causes of AKI that shows good accuracy and is easily applicable. The use of AKI-COV score may assist health-care workers in identifying hospitalized COVID-19 patients with AKI that may require more intensive monitoring and can be used for resource allocation.