bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change increases North Korea’s hunger: implications for social resilience
Authors: Shi Yu , Zhang Yajie , Wu Bingyan , Shi Hao , Li Linchao , Jin Ning , Wang Bin , Liu De Li , Miao Ruiqing , Lu Xiaoliang , Geng Qingling , Lu Chaoqun , He Liang , Fang Nufang , Yue Chao , He Jianqiang , Feng Hao , Pan Shufen , Tian Hanqin , Yu Qiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Adaption based on social resilience is proposed as effective measures to mitigate hunger and avoid disaster caused by climate change. But these have not been investigated comprehensively in climate-sensitive regions especially necessary-quantitative paths. North Korea (NK, undeveloped) and its neighbors (SK, South Korea, developed; China, developing) represent three economic levels that provide us with examples of how to examine climatic risk and quantify the contribution of social resilience to rice production. Our data-driven estimates show that climatic factors determined rice biomass changes in NK, while non-climatic factors dominated biomass changes in NK’s neighbors. If no action is taken, NK will face a higher climatic risk (with continuous high temperature heatwaves and precipitation extremes) by the 2080s with high emission scenario when rice biomass and production are expected to decrease by 20.2% and 14.4%, respectively, thereby potentially increasing hunger in NK. The contribution of social resilience to food production in the undeveloped region (15.2%) was far below the contribution observed in the developed and developing regions (83.0% and 86.1%, respectively). These findings highlight the importance of social resilience to mitigate the negative effects of climate change on food security and human hunger, and provide necessary-quantitative information.
Effects of Enshi Selenium-Rich Tea Combined with Gynostemma Pentaphyllum and Apenma on Lipid Reduction in Hyperlipemia Mice
Authors: Liu Bende , Liu Xiaoling , Zhang Ze , Qin Yan , Zou Fang , Wang Gui , Xing Guilin , Huang Zhong , Hu Jun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of tea blend composed of Enshi selenium-rich tea, gynostemma pentaphyllum and apenma on blood lipid and lipid metabolism in mice with hyperlipidemia and prevention of hyperlipidemia in mice on the high-fat diet.Methods: Mice were randomized into 7 groups, among which 6 groups were fed with high-fat diet to establish a hyperlipidemia mouse model, and the other group was fed with normal diet as the normal control. After the hyperlipidemia model was established, mice were fed with normal diet while receiving different regimens. The normal diet group, the high-fat control group and the positive control group were given physiological saline solution, physiological saline solution and atorvastatin daily by gavage, respectively. The initial intervention group was given medium dose tea blend solution by gavage, and the other three groups were given low, medium and high dose of tea solution daily by gavage, respectively. After 4 weeks of treatment, mice were sacrificed, blood samples were taken for monitoring of lipid metabolism, -liver and tissue tissues were removed for examination of morphology and gene expression.Results: The tea blend not only significantly reduced the level of blood lipid in hyperlipidemia mice, but also effectively protected the liver and kidney function (P < 0.05). Observation under the light microscope reveled that, high-fat diet led to the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes and disorder of hepatic cordage, while the tea blend alleviated the hepatocyte steatosis. In addition, the tea blend promoted the expression of HL and HSL genes, and increased the levels of LAXR and PPARA, which regulated lipid metabolism at the genetic level (P < 0.05).Conclusion: This study confirmed that drinking tea blend composed of Enshi selenium-enriched tea, Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Apocynum venetum could lower blood lipids in mice with hyperlipidemia. In addition, various doses of tea blend could be used for hyperlipidemia with good liver and kidney function, and medium or high dose of tea blend was relatively safe for hyperlipidemia with poor liver and kidney function.
THE CORRELATION OF ARTERIAL CORD BLOOD GAS VALUES AND APGAR SCORES IN TERM BABIES WITHOUT FETAL DISTRESS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON NICU ADMISSIONS
Authors: YILMAZ ASLAN , Kaya Nesrin , Ulkersoy Ipek , Ünkar Zeynep Alp , ACAR Hazal Cansu , Kaymak Didem , PERK Yıldız , VURAL Mehmet 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Umbilical artery cord blood gas (UACG) values and Apgar scores (AS) are the two parameters that provide the fastest information about the well-being of a baby after birth. We hypothesized that AS may not be sufficient for a complete and correct evaluation of the newborns and UACG should be used routinely for all births even without any signs of fetal distress.

Material-methods

In this retrospective study, the data of 1781 babies born between January 2018 and December 2019 at Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine were analyzed. Newborn with fetal distress, congenital anomalies, severe and moderate acidemia (pH ≤7.1 at UACG), and pre and postterm newborns are excluded. The UACG and the 1 and 5-minute AS data of 1438 cases were evaluated. Mild acidemia was accepted as a pH between 7.1 and 7.2. Following UACG threshold values were accepted as abnormal pH <7.2, BE <-6 mmol/l, lactate ≥5 mmol/l, HCO3 <18 mmol/l, pCO2 ≥50 mmHg. We evaluated the correlation between UACG and 1 and 5-minute AS and their effects on admission to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Results

There was a significant correlation between both 1 and 5-minute AS and UACG values such as pH, lactate, and pCO 2 (p<0.001). In addition, significant correlation was found between the 5-minute AS below 7 and some UACG abnormal threshold values (pH, HCO 3 , base excess) (p<0.001). We found that some cases with mild acidemia had a normal 1 and 5-minute Apgar scores (AS≥7) in %1.9 and %2 of cases, respectively. A significant correlation was found between admissions to NICU with 1 and 5-minute AS of <7 (p<0.001).

Conclusions

The 5-minute AS of 7 or higher may not be sufficient to verify the well-being of a newborn. Relying only on AS, may create the risk of missing some newborns with mild metabolic acidosis. 1 and 5-minute AS could be used as a predictive value for NICU admission. We propose that routine UACG should be evaluated for each birth at term, even without any signs of fetal distress and normal AS.
Quantification of the Dynamics of Antibody Response to Malaria to Inform Sero-Surveillance in Pregnant Women
Authors: Dharmaratne A.D.V.Tharkeshi T. , Dini Saber , O’Flaherty Katherine , Price David J , McGready Rose , Nosten Francois , Fowkes Freya JI. , Simpson Julie , Zaloumis Sophie G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Malaria remains a major public health threat and in low malaria transmission areas new tools are needed to detect infections for prompt treatment and to progress elimination efforts. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to malaria infections and access routine antenatal care, presenting a unique sentinel population to apply novel sero-surveillance tools to measure malaria transmission. The aim of this study was to quantify the dynamic antibody responses to multiple antigens during pregnancy to identify a single or multiple antibody response of exposure to malaria in pregnancy. Methods: Antibody-mediated immunity responses to six parasite antigens (five commonly studied merozoite antigens and the variant surface antigen 2-chondroitin sulphate A (VAR2CSA), a pregnancy-specific erythrocytic antigen) were measured over the gestation period until delivery (median of 7 measurements/woman) in 250 pregnant women who attended antenatal clinics located at the Thai-Myanmar border. A multivariate mixture linear mixed model was used to cluster the pregnant women into groups that have similar longitudinal antibody responses to all six antigens over the gestational period using a Bayesian approach. The variable-specific entropy was calculated to identify the antibody responses that have the highest influence on the classification of the women into clusters, and subsequent agreement with grouping of women based on exposure to malaria during pregnancy. Results: Of the 250 pregnant women, 135 had a Plasmodium infection detected by light microscopy during pregnancy, defined as cases. The antibody responses to all six antigens accurately identified the women who did not have a malaria infection detected during pregnancy (93%, 107/115 controls). Antibody responses to P. falciparum merozoite surface protein 3 (PfMSP3) and P. vivax apical membrane antigen 1 (PvAMA1) were the least dynamic. Antibody responses to the antigens P. falciparum apical membrane antigen 1 (PfAMA1) and PfVAR2CSA were able to identify the majority of the cases more accurately (63%, 85/135). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the combination of antibodies, PfAMA1 and PfVAR2CSA, may be useful for sero-surveillance of malaria infections in pregnant women, particularly in low malaria transmission settings, leading to the early detection and treatment of malaria infections in pregnant women.
Compound vulnerabilities exacerbate systemic risks of food security in Somalia
Authors: Thalheimer Lisa , Gaupp Franziska , Webersik Christian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The impacts of climate change are increasingly compounding around the world. Simultaneous extreme weather events threaten coping mechanisms such as migration, and food security in breadbasket regions. Systemic risk approaches offer a critical lens to guide risk-informed sustainable action both now, and in the future. This Analysis proposes a generic conceptual framework to address the nature of such risks. We combine data on weather-related displacement, food insecurity, and conflict to characterize compound vulnerabilities underlying systemic risks. Using an Systemic Risk Impact Pathways (SRIP) model, we illustrate intersections between systemic risk elements and compound vulnerabilities in Somalia, a country affected by recurring extreme weather, protracted armed conflict, political instability and displacement. We show how these dynamics have create a complex nexus of strains on the population and its ability to guarantee food security. Advancing a risk-informed sustainable development agenda, we recommend taking a systemic risk approach instead of a single hazard approach.
Risk factors for pneumonitis in advanced extrapulmonary cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Uchida Yasuki , Kinose Daisuke , Nagatani Yukihiro , Tanaka-Mizuno Sachiko , Nakagawa Hiroaki , Fukunaga Kentaro , Yamaguchi Masafumi , Nakono Yasutaka 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Immune-mediated pneumonitis has a high mortality rate; however, little is known about the related risk factors. We analyzed the risk factors for pneumonitis, such as smoking and lung metastasis (LM), among extrapulmonary primary tumors.
Methods

We retrospectively collected data of 110 patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) (nivolumab/pembrolizumab) for extrapulmonary primary tumors at the Shiga University of Medical Science Hospital, between January 2015 and December 2019. The frequency of pneumonitis was evaluated based on the time between the start of ICI treatment and the onset of symptomatic or all pneumonitis. The severity of pneumonitis was graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.0. We analyzed the risk factors, such as the absence or presence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and lung metastases (LMs), or other clinical factors, including smoking status before ICI administration.
Results

The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis revealed that the smoking index and presence of ILD were significant factors for an increased rate of all pneumonitis (hazard ratio [HR] = 20.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 20.0–20.4; p = 0.02 and HR = 4.3, 95% CI = 1.2–12.1; p = 0.03, respectively). LM was significantly related to an increased rate of symptomatic pneumonitis (HR = 6.8, 95% CI = 1.3–124.2; p = 0.02).
Conclusions

Smoking index and ILD were the significant risk factors for ICI-induced pneumonitis. LM was a significant risk factor for ICI-induced symptomatic pneumonitis. Therefore, pre-screening for ILD and LM and the recognition of patients’ smoking histories are important for determining the risk of ICI-induced pneumonitis and allowing safe ICI administration.
The Relationship of Education on Healthy Living Values of Multicultural Islamic Perspective with Healthy Lifestyle Behavior of Junior High School Students in Bengkulu, Indonesia
Authors: Amin Alfauzan , Zubaedi  , Asiyah  , Siregar Abd. Amri , Jaenullah  , Alimni  
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study aims to determine the relationship between education on the value of healthy living through halal food materials and thaybah in a multicultural Islamic perspective, with healthy living behavior of junior high school students. Based on purposive random sampling, the sample was 50 (21%) from a population of 237 students. The questionnaire used to collect data consisted of a questionnaire with a variable x and a questionnaire with a variable y. Supporting data were obtained through observation and interviews with respondents, namely teachers and several students. Data were analyzed through correlation hypothesis testing with bivariate correlation coefficient technique, namely product moment using SPSS. The results show; There is a close relationship of 0.76 between the two variables. The results of this study answer the contradiction between the two views. One side supports, the other side opposes the theory of the relationship between education, the value of clean and healthy life, a multicultural Islamic perspective on the formation of students' clean and healthy living behavior. The results of this study led to a major change in the views of education actors so as to encourage teachers to be more serious and concentrate on implementing healthy life value education.
The glycobiological landscape of breast cancer: insights into galectins and O-GlcNAc homeostasis-related genes
Authors: Tazhitdinova Rada , Timoshenko Alexander V 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose

This study aimed to assess the functional associations between genes of the glycobiological landscape encoding galectins and O-GlcNAc cycle enzymes in the context of breast cancer biology and clinical applications.
Methods

An in silico analysis of the breast cancer data from The Cancer Genome Atlas was conducted comparing expression, pairwise correlations, and prognostic value for 17 genes encoding galectins, O-GlcNAc cycle enzymes, and cell stemness-related transcription factors.
Results

Multiple general and breast cancer subtype-specific differences in galectin/O-GlcNAc genetic landscape markers were observed and classified. Specifically, LGALS12 was found to be significantly downregulated in breast cancer tissues across all subtypes while LGALS2 and GFPT1 showed potential as prognostic markers. Remarkably, there was an overall loss of both correlation strength and correlation relationship between expression of galectin/O-GlcNAc landscape genes in the breast cancer samples versus normal tissues. Six gene pairs (GFPT1/LGALS1, GFPT1/LGALS3, GFPT1/LGALS12, GFPT1/KLF4, OGT/LGALS12, and OGT/KLF4) were found to be potential diagnostic markers for breast cancer.
Conclusions

These findings indicate that the glycobiological landscape of breast cancer underwent significant remodeling, which might be associated with switching galectin gene regulation within a framework of O-GlcNAc homeostasis.
Utility of the Color-Coded Duplex Neurosonographic Spectrum in Critically Ill Children in Resource-Limited Centers: A Case Series
Authors: Caqui-Vilca Patrick , Dominguez-Rojas Jesús , Ponce Javier , Heredia-Orbegoso Gabriel Omar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ultrasound in pediatric neurocritical care has a wide variety of indications, such as the study of vasospasm in subarachnoid hemorrhage, flow changes in intracranial stenosis, endocranial hypertension and to evaluate some therapeutic measures. The following is a series of five most relevant cases collected from Pediatric Intensive Care with abnormal images in transcranial duplex (TCD) and their typical findings in this type of studies. Transcranial duplex offers a diagnostic method of rapid evaluation that provides reliable information for decision making in pediatric intensive care, but it is a tool with which there is little experience in the country, so these findings are didactic and should be complemented with studies of greater diagnostic relevance.
ZIKV outbreak in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India, 2021 –a primary report
Authors: KUMAR NARENDRAN PRADEEP , SAINI PRASANTA , SAMUEL PHILIP , AJITHLAL P.M. , SURESH ABIDHA , MATHEW JESSU , SONIA T. , AMJU K.P. , Veerapathiran A. , Selvam A. , Balaji T. , Raju K.H.K. , Gupta Nivedita , KUMAR ASHWANI 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The recent global outbreaks of the ZIKA Virus (ZIKV) reported in 85 countries and territories caused severe complications such as microcephaly among neonates and Guillain-Barre Syndrome among the older population. Recently, an outbreak of ZIKV was reported from Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of Kerala, India with 66 cases being reported so far. We conducted an outbreak investigation and the primary findings are described here. A cluster of ZIKV cases from the Kadakampalli / Anamugham administrative wards of the Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation area was reported where Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS) is located. Later many ZIKV cases were reported from other wards of the city. The density of known Aedes vectors was high in this region of the metropolitan city. Aedes albopictus, Aedes aegypti and Aedes vittatus collected from the focal area of the outbreak were found to be naturally infected with ZIKV. Male specimens of Ae. albopictus were naturally infected, indicating trans-ovarian transmission of the virus. This is first report of incrimination of Ae. albopictus and Ae. vittatus in ZIKV transmission from India. The virus was characterized and the partial sequences clustered with the Asian strain of ZIKV reported from India. The NS5 sequences of human and Ae. albopictus pools from Thiruvananthapuram were 100% similar indicating an ongoing active ZIKV transmission. The state health authorities were sensitized and appropriate containment and vector control measures have been initiated to contain the outbreak. This report underscores the importance of continued human and vector surveillance as well as genomic sequencing to understand the virus evolution and implications on public health.
Treatment of COVID-19 with Herbal Medicines: Perceptions, Attitudes and Practices of Healthcare Professionals Students in Uganda
Authors: Kiyimba Blaise , Kanyike Andrew Marvin , Ssewante Nelson , Nalunkuma Racheal , Musoke Phillip , Atulinda Linda , Namuwaya Claire , Wamala Nicholas Kisaakye , Onyait Teddy , Aringo Ramona Noeline , Kato Hussein , Asasira Ignatius , Bongomin Felix 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Use of herbal medicine (HM) for the treatment and prevention of the coronavirus disease -2019 (COVID-19) has been reported worldwide. In this study, we aimed to assess the perceptions, attitude and practices of healthcare professionals (HP) students in Uganda concerning HM use in the management of COVID-19 illness.Methods: We conducted an online, cross-sectional study using quantitative methods among HP students across the 12 medical schools in Uganda. Undergraduate HP students aged 18 years and older, from 1st to 5th year of study, pursuing various programs were recruited. Blooms cut-off of 80% (score of ≥ 24 /30) was used to determine good perception and a positive attitude towards HM use. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors associated with HM use.Results: A total of 350 participants responded. Of this, 223 (63.7%) were male. The median age of all participants was 23 (IQR=19-56) years. Majority (n=234, 66.9%) were pursuing Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB). All participants reported awareness on HM use in the management of COVI-19. Fifty-four (15.4%) respondents had a good perception towards HM use, with students in their first year of study having 3-fold the odds of having good perception compared to those in their fifth year (aOR: 2.9, 95% C. I: 1.1-8.1, p=0.037). Participants pursuing Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPHAR) had 4.2-fold higher odds of having a positive attitude towards HM use compared to those pursuing MBChB (aOR: 4.2, 95% CI:1.8-9.9, p=0.001) and those in first year had 2.7-fold higher odds of having a positive attitude towards HM use compared to participants in fifth year of study. (aOR=2.7, 95% CI=1.2-6.3, p=0.019). Participants with positive attitude towards HM use (aOR=63.7, 95% CI=12.8-316.4, p<0.001), pharmacy students (aOR=2.6, 95% CI= 1.1-6.4, p=0.035), allied health program students (aOR=3.6, 95% CI=1.1-11.6, p=0.032), those with good perception (aOR=3.3, 95% CI=1.6-6.5, p<0.001) and positive attitude (aOR=2.7, 95% CI=1.2-5.9, p=0.013) were more likely to recommend use of HM in the management of COVID-19.Conclusion: Awareness of HM use was universal among the participants. However, despite a high proportion of the participants reporting negative perception and attitude towards HM use, at least one- third use HM when they had COVID-19.
Restoration of the GTPase activity of Gαo mutants by Zn2+ in GNAO1 encephalopathy models
Authors: Larasati Yonika , Savitsky Mikhail , Koval Alexey , Solis Gonzalo , Katanaev Vladimir 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
GNAO1 encephalopathy is a rare pediatric disease characterized by motor dysfunction, developmental delay, and epileptic seizures1-3. De novo point mutations in the gene encoding Gαo, the major neuronal G protein, lie at the core of this dominant genetic malady4. Half of the clinical case mutations fall on codons Gly203, Arg209, or Glu246 near the GTP binding/hydrolysis pocket of Gαo1-3. We here show that these pathologic mutations strongly speed up GTP uptake and inactivate GTP hydrolysis by Gαo, resulting in constitutive GTP binding by the G protein. Molecular dynamics simulations indicate that the mutations cause displacement of Gln205, the key to GTP hydrolysis. Decreased interactions with cellular partners including RGS19 suggest that despite the enhanced GTP residence, the mutants fail to fully adopt the activated conformation and thus transmit the signal. Through a high-throughput screening of approved drugs aiming at correction of this core biochemical dysfunction, we identify zinc pyrithione and Zn2+ ions as agents restoring the active conformation, GTPase activity, and cellular interactions of the encephalopathy mutants, with a negligible effect on wild type Gαo. We describe a Drosophila model of GNAO1 encephalopathy and show that dietary zinc supplementation restores the motor function and longevity of the mutant flies. With zinc supplements frequently recommended for diverse human neurological conditions, our work spanning from identification of the core biochemical defect in Gαo mutants and cellular interactions analysis to high-throughput screening and animal validation of the deficiency-correcting drug defines the potential therapy for GNAO1 encephalopathy patients.
A Take-Home Message: Spillovers from Workplace Food Waste Campaigns to the Home
Authors: Wang Feiyang , Shreedhar Ganga , Galizzi Matteo , Mourato Susana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Understanding how workplace food waste campaigns impact behaviours at home can help promote broader lifestyle change than piece-meal behavioural interventions. Using a quasi-experimental field study and a survey of workers in the hospitality sector, we quantify the worker’s responses to pro-environmental food waste campaigns. We find evidence that efforts to reduce food waste at work is associated with food saving actions at home, pointing to positive spillovers across these contexts.