bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring Independent and Controlled Effects of Age at First Marriage and Age at First Birth on Completed Family Size among women aged 45-49 in Zambia
Authors: Moyo Nkuye , Nanyangwe-Moyo Tina , Qiao Xiaochun , Wu Jilei , Zheng Xiaoying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background The link between age at marriage and first birth in explaining completed family size is not always direct, due to heterogeneity in circumstances, that compel individual women to marry or initiate childbearing at a particular age. We analyzed data for 1020 women aged 45–49 in 2014 of the 1965–1969 birth cohort from the 2013-14 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS). Methods We fitted a bivariate and multivariate multinomial logistic regression to establish the relationship between a mother’s age at first marriage and at first birth on completed family size (CFS). Chi-square test of proportions measuring differences in proportions and relative risk ratios (RRR) with confidence intervals at 95% are reported. Results Our results show that the average CFS was 6.7 (95% CI: 6.5–6.9) among women completing their reproductive span in 2014 with mean age at first marriage and birth being 18.3 years (95% CI: 18.0–18.5) and 18.9 years (95% CI: 18.7–19.1) respectively. Women marrying at younger ages and having their first birth at younger ages were more likely (RRR: 1.187; 95% CI: 1.138–1.239 and RRR: 0.195; 95% CI: 0.074–0.511 respectively) to have higher CFS than their compatriots that initiated both marriage and childbearing at or after age 22 controlling for covariates as presented in the controlled model. The independent effects model shows that the risk of having 1–3 children compared to 6 or more children was lower (RRR: 0.073; 95% CI: 0.009–0.611; RRR: 0.136; 95% CI: 0,046-0.402 and RRR: 0.421; 05% CI: 0.135–1.312) for women whose ages at first marriage were < 15, 15–18 and 19–21 respectively relative to 22+. Women with 1–3 children were 2.5 times more likely to use contraception than women with 6 or more children. Conclusion Having no education, being a rural resident and having a medium household wealth all increase the risk of having higher CFS. Women that marry before age 19 have a higher likelihood of having 6 or more children by the end of their reproductive period. The study concludes that apart from a woman’s age at first marriage and first birth, a complex network of factors interact to determined CFS.
Optimization of Benzoguanamine doped PVDF/KI/I2 Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Sundaramoorthy Kannadhasan , Pandian Muthu Senthil , Ramasamy P. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Benzoguanamine doped 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% PVDF/KI/I2 polymer electrolytes were prepared by solution casting technique. The crystallinity, surface morphology, ionic conductivity and photovoltaic performance of polymer electrolytes were analyzed. The PXRD studies have confirmed the decreased and increased crystallinity of benzoguanamine doped polymer electrolytes. The surface morphology of polymer electrolytes is discussed using SEM analysis. From the AC-impedance analysis, ionic conductivity of benzoguanamine doped 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% PVDF/KI/I2 polymer electrolytes were calculated as 5.57 × 10− 6 Scm− 1, 1.05 × 10− 5 Scm− 1, 5.95 × 10− 5 Scm− 1, 3.09 × 10− 5 Scm− 1, 1.56 × 10− 5 Scm− 1 and 1.48 × 10− 5 Scm− 1, respectively. The photovoltaic performance of benzoguanamine doped 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% PVDF/KI/I2 polymer electrolytes based DSSCs have achieved 1.5%, 1.9%, 2.8%, 2.5%, 2.3% and 2.1% power conversion efficiency, respectively.
Insights into the interactions between salt molecules: A combined experimental and computational study
Authors: Suresh Suganya , Kandasamy Saravanan , Ammasai Karthikeyan , Poomani Kumaradhas - 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The proton transfer (PT) complex of 2-amino 4-methoxy 6-methyl pyrimidinium (2A4M6MP) 4-aminosalicylate (4AMSA), C6H10ON3+ C7H6NO3−, (I), and 5-chlorosalicylate (5ClSA), C6H10ON3+ C7H4O3Cl− (II) were synthesized and crystallized. The crystal structures of both salt molecules were investigated by SC-XRD. Further, the calculated ∆pKa values clearly demonstrate that 2A4M6MP is a good salt former when combined with carboxylic acids. Hirshfeld surface analysis provides the quantifying interactions in the solid state and energy framework shows the stability of hydrogen bonding. QTAIM analysis reveals the nature of chemical bonding and electron density distribution of intermolecular interactions of pyrimidine based salt molecules.
Performance evaluation and design criterion of a bistable nonlinear energy sink
Authors: Ding Hu , Wang Guo-Xu , Chen Li-Qun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the evaluation of the vibration mitigation effect of a nonlinear energy sink (NES), the selection of performance measures is important. Based on a square root model, this paper aims to propose new reasonable performance measures and new design criteria of the NES in harmonic excitation. To broaden the application range of the slow invariant manifold, coordinate correction is carried out for the square root model of the bistable NES. Two original performance measures (the displacement amplitude of the main system and the energy dissipation rate of the NES) and two new performance measures (the mechanical energy and the input energy of the main system) are compared. The optimal geometric configuration and response form of the NES are found in different excitation conditions. The results show that the energy dissipation rate of the NES is not competent to evaluate the performance of the NES in harmonic excitation, while the two new performance measures show competence. By adjusting the geometry parameter, the nonlinear vibration absorber with positive linear stiffness and the bistable NES show optimal vibration mitigation effect in small and large excitation amplitudes, respectively. The optimal response form is the periodic response rather than the strongly modulated response.
Diabetes Severity Measured by Treatment Control Status and Number of Anti-diabetic Drugs Affects Presenteeism Among Workers With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mori Takahiro , Nagata Tomohisa , Nagata Masako , Fujimoto Kenji , Fujino Yoshihisa , Mori Koji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The number of people with diabetes is increasing and resulting in major economic losses. Presenteeism accounts for the majority of economic losses, so measures against presenteeism are important. This study investigated the relationship between severity of type 2 diabetes and presenteeism.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among workers over 40 years of age. Participants were classified as normal group or diabetic treatment group using their medical examination results and health insurance claims data. Diabetic treatment groups were described by degree of treatment control: Good (HbA1c <7%), Intermediate (7%≤ HbA1c <8%), and Poor (8%≤ HbA1c). Therapy type was also divided into monotherapy and combination therapy. Logistic regression analysis was performed to predict presenteeism loss using the Quantity and Quality method.Results: Data on 13271 workers were analyzed. Presenteeism loss was significantly higher in all treatment control groups compared with the normal group, particularly for the intermediate and poor control groups. The monotherapy group did not differ from the normal group, but presenteeism loss was significantly higher in the combination therapy group than the normal group.Conclusions: Presenteeism loss in workers with diabetes may be affected by diabetes severity, and even if treatment control was good, presenteeism loss could occur when the number of anti-diabetic drugs was high. Therefore, it is important to provide early intervention and continuous support as a preventive measure against not only diabetes and diabetes-related complications but also presenteeism.
Determinants for Accepting Climate Change Mitigation Policies: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bergquist Magnus , Nilsson Andreas , Harring Niklas , Jagers Sverker 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Public acceptance is a precondition for implementing climate change mitigation policies. What, then, determines acceptance of these policies? Based on 76 datasets from 34 countries, generating a total sample of 146,817 participants, we report a series of meta-analyses assessing the importance of 15 determinants for accepting climate change mitigation policies. Results show the following: (a) Among policy-specific beliefs, perceived fairness is the most important factor. (b) Among climate change beliefs, knowledge about climate change is weakly related to acceptance. Climate change beliefs, environmental concern, and perceived risk of and problems associated with climate change are all related to acceptance. (c) Among psychological factors, trust is most important. (d) Finally, demographic variables show weak or no relationship with acceptance. These results inform climate policy researchers as to which determinants of acceptance to include in future analyses and provide advice to policymakers about which sentiments they should consider when introducing and communicating intended climate policies.
Exploring the mechanism of astaxanthin against lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by network pharmacology and experimental validation
Authors: luo lianxiang , Li Xiaoling , Huang Riming , Luo Hui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAcute lung injury (ALI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in respiratory disease. Astaxanthin, a natural antioxidant xanthophyll carotenoid, has been shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity. However, poor evidence has been reported that whether it has protective effects against ALI.Methods A network pharmacology analysis was carried out combining the construction of the GeneCards database and the Pharmmapper database, The potential active compounds and targets were predicted by compound-target prediction, protein-protein interaction analysis, GO and KEGG pathway analysis. Then, the anti-inflammation effect of astaxanthin was investigated in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells in vitro and LPS-induced ALI mice in vivo.ResultsThe results screened by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that astaxanthin had extensive associations with 25 known therapeutic targets of ALI. These target genes were further found to be associated with pathways involved in inflammatory pathways in ALI, such as the Toll-like receptor signal pathway, TNF signal pathway, Hif signal pathway, and NF-Kappa B signal pathway. Pre-treatment with astaxanthin inhibited the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway and attenuated LPS-increased inflammatory factors in vitro. Furthermore, the administration of astaxanthin significantly protected lung injury in vivo. Subsequently, we validated astaxanthin binds to the TLR4 pocket using molecular docking. ConclusionTaken together, astaxanthin exerts impressively protective effects on LPS-induced ALI in vitro and in vivo via suppressing the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway.
The Typology of the Biocultural Landscape in Slovakia
Authors: Izakovičová Zita , Špulerová Jana , Kozelová Ivana 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Context. The European Landscape Convention is international strategy that aims to promote landscape protection, management and planning. This must be done on the basis of identification and knowledge of basic landscape types, which were created by the interaction of man and nature during historical development. Objectives. This paper presents a methodological approach for creation and evaluation of representative biocultural landscape classification types in order to elaborate an effective strategy of landscape protection, and proposes a management strategy of sustainable use of representative biocultural landscape types of Slovakia that will ensure the regular maintenance of the landscape in view current global trends and factors affecting the landscape.Method. Our interdisciplinary approach is based on previous classifications of cultural landscape and interaction of natural elements and valuation of the biotic and biocultural value of the landscape. The classification of the biocultural landscape is a result of multi-criteria analysis in GIS and synthesis of maps of potential vegetation, real ecosystem and current land use, abiotic conditions of representative geoecosystems of Slovakia, and other specific statistical data. We assessed the perception and significance of individual landscape types by way of questionnaire survey. Results. In Slovakia, 7 basic types of landscape were singled out, from natural to semi-natural to anthropogenic, within which other subtypes were specified. The individual types were assessed from the point of view of protection of threats to and degradation of the landscape. Conclusions. The most valuable types of biocultural landscape are given insufficient protection at present and new tools and methods of support and protection have to be implemented.
Protective Role of Thymoquinone in&nbsp;Hyperlipidemia-Induced&nbsp;Liver&nbsp;Injury in LDL-R-/- Mice
Authors: Wang Fei , Yang Qin , Hao Yuhua , Wu Yuling , Zhang Xiaoqing , Pei Zuowei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Hyperlipidemia, a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by elevated levels of plasma lipids, causes serious health problems and can lead to fatty liver and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Thymoquinone (TQ), a major active component of Nigella sativa, can exert a vast array of biological effects. Various studies have reported that TQ protects against liver injury, and we previously reported that TQ reduces cardiac damage in mice fed a high-cholesterol diet (HD). However, few studies have evaluated the effects of TQ on hyperlipidemia-induced liver injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of TQ against liver injury in hyperlipidemia-induced LDL-R-/- mice.Methods: Eight-week-old male LDL-R-/- mice were randomly divided into three groups based on diet: normal diet (ND group, which was the control), high cholesterol diet (HD group), and HD mixed with TQ (HD + TQ group). All mice were fed for 8 weeks. Blood samples were obtained from the inferior vena cava, collected in serum tubes, and stored at −80 °C to investigate the serum lipoprotein profile. Longitudinal sections of liver tissues were fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin for histological evaluation. The remainder of the liver tissues was snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for mRNA and immunoblotting analyses.Results: TQ administration significantly reduced liver histological alterations caused by hyperlipidemia. TQ mitigated hyperlipidemia-induced liver injury, as indicated by the suppression of increases in metabolic parameters (total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol), hepatic biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase), pyroptosis indicators (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3, interleukin [IL]-1β, and IL-18), a macrophage marker (CD68-positive cells), and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase levels induced by the HD.Conclusions: These results indicate that TQ is a potential therapeutic agent for liver injury caused by hyperlipidemia.
Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Tuberculosis in India over past three decades: A Joinpoint and Age-Period- Cohort Analysis
Authors: Dhamnetiya Deepak , Patel Priyanka , Jha Ravi Prakash , Shri Neha , Singh Mayank , Bhattacharyya Krittika 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe morbidity and mortality burden of tuberculosis has been a major public health challenge in India. Despite various commitments to end the global TB epidemic, India has the highest burden of TB and MDR-TB. To accelerate progress towards the goal of ending TB by 2025, it is imperative to outline the incidence and trend of tuberculosis in India. This study provides the trends in the burden of TB in India, along with age, period and cohort effect of TB. MethodsWe have extracted the TB incidence and mortality estimates from GBD database over the period 1990 to 2019. Joinpoint regression was used to determine the magnitude of time trends in incidence and mortality rates of Tuberculosis by calculating the average annual percent change (AAPC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). We have analyzed the tuberculosis incidence and mortality trends in India to distinguish age, period and cohort effects by using age-period-cohort (APC) model.ResultsThere has been a decline in age standardized incidence rate in the period 1990-2019. Results from the APC table showed that the incidence and mortality due to tuberculosis in India decreased with the recent cohort. The period RRs of incidence had a downward trend in India in the period 1990-2019. Age standardized incidence and mortality rates of tuberculosis was found higher among males. The period RRs of incidence had a downward trend. Findings show that incidence and mortality were higher in older ages. The cohort effect on the incidence of tuberculosis was found higher among 1990-94 birth cohorts than in the later birth cohorts 2010-14. Wald test results demonstrated that the cohort and period RRs for both sexes and the net drift and local drifts for tuberculosis incidence and mortality were statistically significant.ConclusionHigher incidence and mortality in the older age groups is attributed to poor nutrition and socio-economic status. Improvement in India’s public health facility and strategic programs aimed at eliminating tuberculosis might be the reason behind declining RRs in India. The decline in the cohort RRs signifies the effective measures taken to reduce the burden of tuberculosis in the country.
Correlation between steroid levels in follicular fluid and hormone synthesis related substances in its exosomes and embryo quality in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Yu Li , Liu Miao , Wang Zhenxin , Liu Te , Liu Suying , Wang Beili , Pan Baishen , Dong Xi , Guo Wei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic disorder with various manifestations and complex etiology. Follicular fluid (FF) serves as the complex microenvironment for follicular development. However, the correlation between the concentration of steroid in FF and the pathogenesis of PCOS is still unclear. Methods20 steroid levels in FF from ten patients with PCOS and ten women with male-factor infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization were tested by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in order to explore their possibly correlation with PCOS. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of core enzymes in steroid synthesis pathway from exosomes of FF were also detected by qPCR.ResultsThe estriol (p < 0.01), estradiol (p < 0.05) and prenenolone (p < 0.01) levels in FF of PCOS group were significantly increased, compared to the normal group, and the progesterone levels (p < 0.05) were decreased in PCOS group. Increased mRNA levels of CYP11A, CYP19A and HSD17B2 of exosomes were accompanied by the hormonal changes in FF. Correlation analysis showed that mRNA levels of CYP11A and HSD17B2 were negatively correlated with percent of good-quality embryos and rate of embryos develop to blastocyst.ConclusionsOur results suggest that increased levels of estrogen and pregnenolone in follicular fluid may affect follicle development in PCOS patients, and the mechanism is partially related to HSD17B1, CYP19A1 and CYP11A1 expression change in FF exosomes.
COVID-19 mRNA vaccine induced antibody responses and neutralizing antibodies against three SARS-CoV-2 variants
Authors: Jalkanen Pinja , Kolehmainen Pekka , Häkkinen Hanni , Huttunen Moona , Tähtinen Paula , Lundberg Rickard , Maljanen Sari , Reinholm Arttu , Tauriainen Sisko , Pakkanen Sari , Levonen Iris , Nousiainen Arttu , Miller Taru , Välimaa Hanna , Ivaska Lauri , Pasternack Arja , Naves Rauno , Ritvos Olli , Österlund Pamela , Kuivanen Suvi , Smura Teemu , Hepojoki Jussi , Vapalahti Olli , Lempainen Johanna , Kakkola Laura , Kantele Anu , Julkunen Ilkka 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
As SARS-CoV-2 has been circulating for over a year, dozens of vaccine candidates are under development or in clinical use. The BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine induces spike protein-specific neutralizing antibodies associated with protective immunity. The emergence of the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants has raised concerns of reduced vaccine efficacy and increased re-infection rates. Here we show, that after the second dose, the sera of BNT162b2-vaccinated health care workers (n = 180) effectively neutralize the SARS-CoV-2 variant with the D614G substitution and the B.1.1.7 variant, whereas the neutralization of the B.1.351 variant is five-fold reduced. Despite the reduction, 92% of the vaccinees have a neutralization titre of >20 for the B.1.351 variant indicating some protection. The vaccinees’ neutralization titres exceeded those of recovered non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Our work provides strong evidence that the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine induces efficient cross-neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants currently circulating in the world.
Intimate Partner Violence and Its Association With HIV&nbsp;Testing Among Filipino Women: Results From the 2017 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Pepito Veincent Christian F. , Amit Arianna Maever L. , Tang Clinton S. , Montaus J. Ringgo , Nuguid Edward Joshua M. , Aliazas Neil Andrew Kiamco , Grecia Soidemer Claire C. , Ong Madeline Mae , Reyes Sarah J. De Los , Tanchanco Lourdes Bernadette S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: The Philippines is one of the few countries in the world where incidence of both HIV and intimate partner violence (IPV) continue to rise. There is conflicting evidence on the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) with HIV testing however, and such an analysis involving Filipino respondents has not been carried out before. Our paper thus aims to study the relationship between IPV and HIV testing. As a secondary objective, we aim to assess the effect of confiding their IPV experiences to other people on HIV testing. Methods: We used data from the 2017 Philippine National Demographic and Health Survey, only including participants on its domestic violence module. We used logistic regression methods for survey data to study the associations of interest. Results: Out of 17,968 respondents, around 16% of respondents reported experiencing any form of IPV, 13% reported experiencing emotional violence, 7% reported experiencing physical violence, and 3% reported experiencing sexual violence, with even a smaller percentage confiding their experience to other people. After adjusting for confounders, those who have experienced emotional violence have a higher odds of HIV testing as compared to those who have never experienced emotional violence. The odds of HIV testing are lower among those who have experienced any form of violence, physical violence, and sexual violence as compared to respondents who have not experienced any form of violence or these specific types of violence. More worryingly, the odds of HIV testing among victims of these types of IPV and have confided with other people are lower than those who have never been a victim of IPV or those who have not confided being a victim of IPV. None of the associations of interest have a statistically significant result. Conclusions: Our results suggest that there is a need to further improve access to HIV testing services among victims of IPV by making tests for HIV and other STIs part of the standard of care for IPV victims. By doing so, we can meet the ‘first 90’ of the 90-90-90 UNAIDS targets.