bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyaluronic acid synthesis, degradation, and crosslinking in equine osteoarthritis: TNF-α-TSG-6-mediated HC-HA formation
Authors: Fasanello Diana C. , Su Jin , Deng Siyu , Yin Rose , Colville Marshall J. , Berenson Joshua M. , Kelly Carolyn M. , Freer Heather , Rollins Alicia , Wagner Bettina , Rivas Felipe , Hall Adam R. , Rahbar Elaheh , DeAngelis Paul L. , Paszek Matthew J. , Reesink Heidi L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundTNF-α-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) protein, a TNF-α-responsive hyaladherin, possesses enzymatic activity that can catalyze covalent crosslinks of the polysaccharide hyaluronic acid (HA) to another protein to form heavy chain-hyaluronic acid (HC-HA) complexes in pathological conditions such as osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we examined HA synthase and inflammatory gene expression; synovial fluid HA, TNF-α, and viscosity; and TSG-6-mediated HC-HA complex formation in an equine OA model. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the TNF-α-TSG-6-HC-HA signaling pathway across multiple joint tissues, including synovial membrane, cartilage, and synovial fluid, and (2) determine the impact of OA on synovial fluid composition and biophysical properties.MethodsHA and inflammatory cytokine concentrations (TNF-α, IL-1β, CCL2, 3, 5, and 11) were analyzed in synovial fluid from 63 OA and 25 control joints, and HA synthase (HAS1-3),TSG-6, and hyaluronan-degrading enzyme (HYAL2,HEXA) gene expression was measured in synovial membrane and cartilage. HA molecular weight (MW) distributions were determined using agarose gel electrophoresis and solid-state nanopore measurements, and HC-HA complex formation was detected via immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. SEC-MALS was used to evaluate TSG-6-mediated HA crosslinking, and synovial fluid and HA solution viscosities were analyzed using multiple particle-tracking microrheology and microfluidic measurements, respectively.ResultsTNF-α concentrations were greater in OA synovial fluid, andTSG6expression was upregulated in OA synovial membrane and cartilage. TSG-6-mediated HC-HA complex formation was greater in OA synovial fluid and tissues than controls, and HC-HA was localized to both synovial membrane and superficial zone chondrocytes in OA joints. SEC-MALS demonstrated macromolecular aggregation of low MW HA in the presence of TSG-6 and inter-α-inhibitor with concurrent increases in viscosity.ConclusionsSynovial fluid TNF-α concentrations, synovial membrane and cartilageTSG6gene expression, and HC-HA complex formation were increased in equine OA. Despite the ability of TSG-6 to induce macromolecular aggregation of low MW HA with resultant increases in the viscosity of low MW HA solutions in vitro, HA concentration was the primary determinant of synovial fluid viscosity rather than HA MW or HC-HA crosslinking. The TNF-α-TSG-6-HC-HA pathway may represent a potential therapeutic target in OA.
Effects of an overnight high-carbohydrate meal on muscle glycogen after rapid weight loss in male collegiate wrestlers
Authors: Kondo Emi , Shiose Keisuke , Osawa Takuya , Motonaga Keiko , Kamei Akiko , Nakajima Kohei , Sagayama Hiroyuki , Wada Takahiro , Nishiguchi Shigeki , Takahashi Hideyuki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Severe rapid weight loss (RWL) induces a decrease in muscle glycogen (mGly). Nevertheless, adequate carbohydrate intake after RWL has not been reported to optimize muscle glycogen following a weigh-in the evening until a wrestling tournament morning. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an overnight high-carbohydrate recovery meal of 7.1 g kg−1 following RWL on mGly concentration.

Methods
Ten male elite wrestlers lost 6% of their body mass within 53 h and then subsequently ate three meals, within 5 h, containing total of 7.1 g kg−1 of carbohydrates. mGly was measured by 13C-magnetic resonance spectroscopy before (BL) and after RWL (R0) at 2 h (R2), 4 h (R4), and 13 h (R13) after initiating the meal. Body composition, muscle cross-sectional area, and blood and urine samples were collected at BL, R0, and R13.

Results
Body mass decreased by 4.6 ± 0.6 kg (p < 0.05) and did not recover to BL levels in R13 (− 1.7 ± 0.6 kg, p < 0.05). Likewise, mGly by 36.5% ± 10.0% (p < 0.05) and then did not reach BL levels by R13 (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
A high-carbohydrate meal of 7.1 g kg−1 after 6% RWL was not sufficient to recover mGly during a 13 h recovery phase. Participating in high-intensity wrestling matches with an mGly concentration below normal levels is maybe undesirable.
Disability and COVID-19: ensuring no one is left behind
Authors:   Consortium “United Nations workstream on COVID-19 disability inclusive health response and recovery”, Cieza Alarcos , Kamenov Kaloyan , Al Ghaib Ola Abu , Aresu Alessandra , Chatterji Somnath , Chavez Facundo , Clyne Jarrod , Drew Nathalie , Funk Michelle , Guzman Andrea , Guzzi Eleonora , Khasnabis Chapal , Mikkelsen Bente , Minghui Ren , Mitra Gopal , Narahari Priyanka , Nauk Gisela , Priddy Alice , Sabeh Alaa , Reyes Maria Soledad Cisternas , Vasquez Javier , Widmer-Iliescu Roxana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe United Nations’ Sustainable Development Agenda calls for targeted attention to the needs and rights of the most vulnerable populations to ensure a life of dignity and human security for all. In this paper, we argue that persons with disabilities are in a disproportionately vulnerable situation in public health emergencies. By using the example of Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), we explain why that is and call for the systematic consideration of the needs and rights of persons with disabilities during the response to the outbreak and during the recovery phase. Otherwise, equity will continue to be merely an aspiration during this COVID-19 emergency - as it will in future health emergencies.
Recommendations to improve pharmacy practice research in the Middle Eastern Arab countries
Authors: Obaid Daneh , El-Dahiyat Faris , Babar Zaheer-Ud-Din 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe expansion of the pharmacist-led services has resulted in increased demand to have evidence in terms of necessity, efficacy, and cost. Evidence-based practice is crucial to provide the best patient health outcomes and pharmacy practice research can play a key role in this regard. This commentary provides a background of pharmacy practice research, and then, it highlights three key recommendations based on a systematic review of the literature. The systematic review of the literature on pharmacy practice research has been conducted in 12 Middle Eastern Arab Countries. The three key recommendations include (a) identification of research priorities by health authorities in each country; (b) pharmacy practice research culture to be nurtured and promoted with academic researchers and practitioners; and (c) shifting pharmacy practice research towards applied, interventional, and implementation studies
Engagement of hospital pharmacists and technicians to optimize staffing schedules
Authors: Wright Jessica , Arndt Richard , Christensen Jason , Kooda Kirstin , Cunningham Julie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChallenges exist in developing work schedules for hospital pharmacy staff due to the need to meet around the clock patient care requirements. Work–life integration and reduced burnout are increasingly important considerations in staff schedules. However, information regarding methods to systematically improve scheduling satisfaction is currently lacking. Hospital pharmacist scheduling surveys were reviewed for solutions in a retreat setting to address growing concerns at our institution. All hospital pharmacists and technicians were surveyed to understand opportunities to improve their schedules. Subsequently, pharmacists participated in a retreat to identify opportunities to share work, prioritize for scheduling improvements, and develop a staffing restructure proposal. Out of 172 pharmacists, 84% completed surveys, whereas 55% of 196 technicians responded. The highest ranked scheduling improvement was a more consistent schedule for both pharmacists and technicians. Several solutions identified during the pharmacist retreat were incorporated into a proposal including decreased weekend staffing frequency (every 3rd to a mix of every 3rd and every 4th), improved scheduling consistency and reduced evenings. Negotiation was among the methods used to identify scheduling solutions. Engagement of frontline staff to lead staffing restructure is expected to ensure success of scheduling changes. Future directions include measuring pharmacist burnout and staff satisfaction before and after change implementation. If successful, the retreat and technician-developed proposal can be used for implementing technician schedule improvements.
Findings from the patch augmented rotator cuff surgery (PARCS) feasibility study
Authors: Cook Jonathan A. , Baldwin Mathew , Cooper Cushla , Nagra Navraj S. , Crocker Joanna C. , Glaze Molly , Greenall Gemma , Rangan Amar , Kottam Lucksy , Rees Jonathan L. , Farrar-Hockley Dair , Merritt Naomi , Hopewell Sally , Beard David , Thomas Michael , Dritsaki Melina , Carr Andrew J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
A rotator cuff tear is a common disabling shoulder problem. Symptoms include pain, weakness, lack of mobility and sleep disturbance. Many patients require surgery to repair the tear; however, there is a high failure rate. There is a pressing need to improve the outcome of rotator cuff surgery. The use of patch augmentation to provide support to the healing process and improve patient outcomes holds new promise. Different materials (e.g. human/animal skin or intestine tissue, and completely synthetic materials) and processes (e.g. woven or a mesh) have been used to produce patches. However, clinical evidence on their use is limited. The patch augmented rotator cuff surgery (PARCS) feasibility study aimed to determine the design of a definitive randomised controlled trial (RCT) assessing the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a patch to augment surgical repair of the rotator cuff that is both acceptable to stakeholders and feasible.

Methods
A mixed methods feasibility study of conducing a subsequent RCT. The project involved six stages: a systematic review of clinical evidence; a survey of the British Elbow and Shoulder Society’s (BESS) surgical membership; a survey of surgeon trialists; focus groups and interviews with stakeholders; a two-round Delphi study administered via online questionnaires and a 2-day consensus meeting.

Results
The BESS surgeons’ survey identified a variety of patches in use (105 (21%) responses received). Twenty-four surgeons (77%) completed the trialist survey relating to trial design. Four focus groups were conducted involving 24 stakeholders. Twenty-nine (67% of invited) individuals took part in the Delphi. Differing views were held on a number of aspects including the appropriate patient population for trial participation. Agreement on the key research questions and the outline of two potential RCTs were achieved through the Delphi study and the consensus meeting.

Conclusions
Randomised comparisons of on-lay patch use for completed rotator cuff repairs, and bridging patch use for partial rotator cuff repairs were identified as areas for further research. The value of an observational study to assess safety concerns of patch use was also highlighted. The main limitation was that the findings were influenced by the participants, who might not necessarily reflect all stakeholders.
Detecting residual stress on toughened glass surface by two complementary interferometers
Authors: Jia Kangning , Liu Shiyuan , Wan Haopeng , Mao Huade , Xu Xiaodong , Zhou Huijun , Gao Wenli , Cheng Liping , Yan Xuejun , Zhang Shuyi , Zhang Xichen , Zheng Heng , Li Fenghui , Wang Bo , Zhou Xu , Zhao Haonan , Hu Hanzhe 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Taking advantage of the birefringence of crystal, this paper proposes an effective optical system to detect the residual stress at the surface of toughened glass. A theoretical model based on matrix optics is built to describe the optical distribution of a probe light in the system, and the simulation outputs two complementary images whose mode patterns are determined by the phase delay arising from the surface-stress–induced birefringence. The experimental results confirm the simulation results that the mode pattern varies accordingly while the phase delay varies in 2

period. Features of interference fringes are extracted by dedicated image recognition algorithm and form their own feature data sets. Comparing the experimental data sets with the simulation ones, the phase delay of each experimental pattern can be deduced, so the stress of the sample point can be calculated. Our device's surface stress scanning results of toughened glass are very close to the commercial instrument SCALP-04's ones, with the relative deviation between them below 6%. Our system provides an efficient and simple way to measure present stress distribution on the surface of transparent materials, and owing to its fewer instruments involvement, broad detecting distance, and high signal-to-noise ratio, our system can be developed into integrated products. This method can also be applied in different materials such as high polymer, silicide, etc., where only the wavelength of the laser needs to be modified.
Change in Visceral Fat and Total Body Fat and the Effect on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors During Transgender Hormone Therapy
Authors: Klaver Maartje , van Velzen Daan , de Blok Christel , Nota Nienke , Wiepjes Chantal , Defreyne Justine , Schreiner Thomas , Fisher Alessandra , Twisk Jos , Seidell Jaap , T’Sjoen Guy , den Heijer Martin , de Mutsert Renée 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Excess visceral fat increases the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease and is influenced by sex hormones. Our aim was to investigate changes in visceral fat and the ratio of visceral fat to total body fat (VAT/TBF) and their associations with changes in lipids and insulin resistance after 1 year of hormone therapy in trans persons.

Methods
In 179 trans women and 162 trans men, changes in total body and visceral fat estimated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after 1 year of hormone therapy were related to lipids and insulin resistance [homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)] with linear regression analysis.

Results
In trans women, total body fat increased by 4.0 kg (95% CI 3.4, 4.7), while the amount of visceral fat did not change (−2 grams; 95% CI −15, 11), albeit with a large range from −318 to 281, resulting in a decrease in the VAT/TBF ratio of 17% (95% CI 15, 19). In trans men, total body fat decreased with 2.8 kg (95% CI 2.2, 3.5), while the amount of visceral fat did not change (3 g; 95% CI −10, 16; range −372, 311), increasing the VAT/TBF ratio by 14% (95% CI 10, 17). In both groups, VAT/TBF was not associated with changes in blood lipids or HOMA-IR.

Conclusions
Hormone therapy in trans women and trans men resulted in changes in VAT/TBF, mainly due to changes in total body fat and were unrelated to changes in cardiometabolic risk factors, which suggests that any unfavorable cardiometabolic effects of hormone therapy are not mediated by changes in visceral fat or VAT/TBF.
Hsa_circ_0023990 Promotes Tumor Growth and Glycolysis in Dedifferentiated TC via Targeting miR-485-5p/FOXM1 Axis
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wu Lian , Liu Shao-Zheng , Chen Qing-Jie , Zeng Ling-Peng , Chen Xue-Zhong , Zhang Qing 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
During the transformation to dedifferentiated thyroid cancer (TC) types, the ability of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) to concentrate radioactive iodine might be lost, raising difficulty for the current therapy. circRNAs were proved to be implicated in the progression of various cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional role and mechanism of hsa_circ_0023990 in dedifferentiated TC.

Methods
The expression pattern of genes were detected using quantitative PCR or western blot assays. Cell proliferation was determined by CCK8, colony formation, EdU, and cell-cycle assays. Glycolysis was assessed using glucose uptake and lactate production assays. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to examine the interactions between miR-485-5p and hsa_circ_0023990 or FOXM1. Xenograft assay was allowed for observation of tumor growth in vivo.

Results
Hsa_circ_0023990 and FOXM1 were upregulated in dedifferentiated TC tissues and cell lines. The higher level of hsa_circ_0023900 could stimulate the proliferation and glycolysis of dedifferentiated TC cells via positively regulating FOXM1. Mechanistically, miR-485-5p was demonstrated to interact with hsa_circ_0023990 and FOXM1 and involved in the regulation of has_circ_0023990 and FOXM1 in TC biological processes.

Conclusion
Our results discovered the functional network of hsa_circ_0023990 in dedifferentiated TC development by facilitating cell proliferation and glycolysis via miR-485-5p/FOXM1 axis, implying that hsa_circ_0023990 might be a potential therapeutic target for the dedifferentiated TC treatment.
Survey of Practice Pattern in Patients With Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Requiring Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Wanat-Hawthorne Alycia , Tanaka Kenichi , Angona Ronald , Feng Changyong , Eaton Michael 
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND:
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an immune-mediated adverse reaction to heparin. Patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are routinely anticoagulated with heparin before the initiation of bypass. Heparin is contraindicated, however, in patients with acute HIT, and alternatives to routine practice are often used. While guidelines have recently been published addressing this topic 10, there remains variance between institutions in how these cases are treated. Our goal was to better delineate practice trends in the diagnosis and management of HIT patients requiring CPB.

METHODS:
We surveyed members of the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists (SCA) and the American Society for Extracorporeal Technology (AmSECT) using an online survey tool.

RESULTS:
We received 304 completed surveys (5.8% response rate), 75% completed by an anesthesiologist, and 24% by a perfusionist. The majority of respondents used clinical history and/or antibody testing (71% and 63%, respectively) to diagnose HIT. Seventy-five percent of respondents reported using an institutional protocol for HIT-CPB cases. Most respondents (89%) reported having at least 1 case in the last 3 years, with a total case experience of at least 785 cases (785 = the minimum number of cases in each case volume category × the number of respondents choosing that category). The strategy recommended in published guidelines, bivalirudin, was the most commonly reported alternative anticoagulation strategy (75%) used by respondents in HIT cases, with most (83%) using the activated clotting time (ACT) to monitor anticoagulation.

CONCLUSIONS:
Most responding SCA and AmSECT members reported that their institution used a protocol or guideline for HIT/CPB cases, and most guidelines directed the use of bivalirudin as an alternative anticoagulant. Various other methods such as plasmapheresis are also being used with success in this patient population. Further research, including comparison studies of alternative anticoagulant strategies, is required to elucidate the best approach to these difficult cases.
Motion: enhancing signals and concealing cues
Authors: Tan Eunice J. , Elgar Mark A. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTAnimal colour patterns remain a lively focus of evolutionary and behavioural ecology, despite the considerable conceptual and technical developments over the last four decades. Nevertheless, our current understanding of the function and efficacy of animal colour patterns remains largely shaped by a focus on stationary animals, typically in a static background. Yet, this rarely reflects the natural world: most animals are mobile in their search for food and mates, and their surrounding environment is usually dynamic. Thus, visual signalling involves not only animal colour patterns, but also the patterns of animal motion and behaviour, often in the context of a potentially dynamic background. While motion can reveal information about the signaller by attracting attention or revealing signaller attributes, motion can also be a means of concealing cues, by reducing the likelihood of detection (motion camouflage, motion masquerade and flicker-fusion effect) or the likelihood of capture following detection (motion dazzle and confusion effect). The interaction between the colour patterns of the animal and its local environment is further affected by the behaviour of the individual. Our review details how motion is intricately linked to signalling and suggests some avenues for future research.This Review has an associated Future Leader to Watch interview with the first author.
HIIT as a Tool for Improving Mental Health and Cognition
Authors: Heisz Jennifer J. , Marashi Maryam , Nicholson Emma , Ogrodnik Michelle 
Published: August 2021

Apply it!
By reading this article, the following key points will be reinforced:
• Work with individuals exhibiting depressive symptoms in a group environment to avoid dropout.
• Use sufficient rest and recovery between intense sessions for anxious clients to avoid exacerbating symptoms.
• For beginner exercisers with mental health issues, start programming at lower intensity and slowly increase the intensity over time.
• For executive functions, the effects of high-intensity interval training are strongest for inhibitory control, which will help clients stick with the program over the long term.
High-Intensity Interval Training in Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Batrakoulis Alexios , Jamurtas Athanasios Z. , Fatouros Ioannis G. 
Published: August 2021

Apply It!
From this article, the reader should understand the following concepts:
• The impact of high-intensity interval training on physiological and psychological responses among individuals with metabolic diseases.
• A strategy for prescribing high-intensity interval training protocols in adults with obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome.
High-Intensity Interval Training for Hypertension
Authors: Uken Brent , Lee Matthew , Wright Gage , Feito Yuri 
Published: August 2021

Apply It!
This article explores the frequency, intensity, time, and type framework within the context of HIIT, the unique elements of HIIT (e.g., intensity and work-to-recovery ratio), and concludes with examples of HIIT exercise regimens. By reading this article, health and fitness professionals will be reminded of the following takeaways:
• HTN develops gradually and is generally the product of lifestyle choices concerning diet and exercise.
• Although HTN is routinely treated with pharmacological intervention, lifestyle intervention is a primary therapeutic option for those newly diagnosed with hypertension.
• Research supports the implementation of aerobically based HIIT and MICT for inducing similar reductions in systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in adults with pre-HTN and/or HTN.
• HIIT for any client must be introduced gradually — and deliberately — over time. The introduction of HIIT should start with a single, brief set of HIIT (e.g., a few minutes of HIIT) to evaluate the client’s readiness and receptivity to the approach.