bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between measures of boat acceleration and performance in rowing, with and without controlling for stroke rate and power output
Authors: Holt Ana C. , Ball Kevin , Siegel Rodney , Hopkins William G. , Aughey Robert J. 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Boat acceleration profiles provide a valuable feedback tool by reflecting both rower technique and force application. Relationships between measures of boat acceleration and velocity to inform interpretation of boat acceleration profiles in rowing were investigated here.

Methods
Thirteen male singles, nine female singles, eight male pairs, and seven female pairs participated (national and international level, age 18–27 y). Data from each stroke for 74 2000-m races were collected using Peach PowerLine and OptimEye S5 GPS units. General linear mixed modelling established modifying effects on velocity of two within-crew SD of boat acceleration variables for each boat class, without and with adjustment for stroke rate and power, to identify potential performance-enhancement strategies for a given stroke rate and power. Measures of acceleration magnitude at six peaks or dips, and six measures of the rate of change (jerk) between these peaks and dips were analyzed. Results were interpreted using rejection of non-substantial and substantial hypotheses with a smallest substantial change in velocity of 0.3%.

Results
Several boat acceleration measures had decisively substantial effects (-2.4–2.5%) before adjustment for stroke rate and power. Most effect magnitudes reduced after adjustment for stroke rate and power, although maximum negative drive acceleration, peak drive acceleration, jerk during the mid-drive phase, and jerk in the late recovery remained decisively substantial (-1.8–1.9%) in some boat classes.

Conclusion
Greater absolute values of maximum negative drive acceleration and jerk in the late recovery are related to improved performance, likely reflecting delayed rower centre-of-mass negative acceleration in preparation for the catch. Greater absolute values of peak drive acceleration, first peak acceleration, and jerk in the early and mid-drive are also associated with improved performance, likely reflecting propulsive force during the drive. These proposed mechanisms provide potential strategies for performance enhancement additional to increases in stroke rate and power output.
Predicting treatment outcomes following an exacerbation of airways disease
Authors: Halner Andreas , Beer Sally , Pullinger Richard , Bafadhel Mona , Russell Richard E. K. 
Published: August 2021

Background
COPD and asthma exacerbations result in many emergency department admissions. Not all treatments are successful, often leading to hospital readmissions.

Aims
We sought to develop predictive models for exacerbation treatment outcome in a cohort of exacerbating asthma and COPD patients presenting to the emergency department.

Methods
Treatment failure was defined as the need for additional systemic corticosteroids (SCS) and/or antibiotics, hospital readmissison or death within 30 days of initial emergency department visit. We performed univariate analysis comparing characteristics of patients either given or not given SCS at exacerbation and of patients who succeeded versus failed treatment. Patient demographics, medications and exacerbation symptoms, physiology and biology were available. We developed multivariate random forest models to identify predictors of SCS prescription and for predicting treatment failure.

Results
Data were available for 81 patients, 43 (53%) of whom failed treatment. 64 (79%) of patients were given SCS. A random forest model using presence of wheeze at exacerbation and blood eosinophil percentage predicted SCS prescription with area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) 0.69. An 11 variable random forest model (which included medication, previous exacerbations, symptoms and quality of life scores) could predict treatment failure with AUC 0.81. A random forest model using just the two best predictors of treatment failure, namely, visual analogue scale for breathlessness and sputum purulence, predicted treatment failure with AUC 0.68.

Conclusion
Prediction of exacerbation treatment outcome can be achieved via supervised machine learning combining different predictors at exacerbation. Validation of our predictive models in separate, larger patient cohorts is required.
Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of hepatitis B and C virus infections among pregnant women attending maternity wards at two hospitals in Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Israr Muhammad , Ali Fawad , Nawaz Arif , Idrees Muhammad , Khattak Aishma , Ur Rehman Shafiq , Azizullah Azizullah , Ahmad Bashir , Bano Syeda Asma , Iqbal Rashid 
Published: August 2021

Background & aim
Hepatitis B and C infections are global issues that are associated with a massive financial burden in developing countries where vertical transmission is the major mode and remains high. This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate the seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among 375 pregnant women attending antenatal care health facilities at Bacha Khan Medical Complex (BKMC) Shahmansoor and District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospital Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Methodology
From a total of 375 pregnant women selected using systematic random sampling from both hospitals, 10 ml of blood samples were collected and alienated serum was examined for indicators identification through the Immuno-Chromatographic Test (ICT) and 3rd Generation Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). A pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic data and possible risk factors. The data was analyzed via SPSS 23.0 statistical software. A chi-square analysis was performed to determine the association between variables. P-value < 0.05 was set statistically significant.

Results
The overall frequency of HBV and HCV among 375 pregnant women involved in the study was 3.7% and 2.1% respectively. None of the pregnant women were co-infected with HBV and HCV. Dental extraction (P = 0.001) and blood transfusion (P = 0.0005) were significantly allied with HBV infection while surgical procedure (P = 0.0001) was significantly associated with HCV infection. Moreover the sociodemographic characteristics: residential status (P = 0.017) and educational level (P = 0.048) were found significant risk factors of HBsAg and maternal age (P = 0.033) of anti-HCV, respectively.

Conclusion & recommendation
HBV and HCV infections are intermediary endemic in the study area. A higher prevalence of HBV was detected among pregnant mothers with a history of dental extraction, history of blood transfusion, resident to the urban area and low educational level. The age and surgical procedures were the potential risk factors found significantly associated with HCV positivity among pregnant mothers in our setup. Future negotiations to control vertical transmission should include routine antenatal screening for these infections early in pregnancy and the requirement of efficient preventive tools including the birth dose of the hepatitis B vaccine in combination with hepatitis B immune globulins to the neonate.
Socioeconomic position is associated with N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)—Results of the population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study
Authors: Rudman Marina , Frank Mirjam , Emmel Carina , Matusch Emanuel , Kara Kaffer , Mahabadi Amir Abbas , Erbel Raimund , Jöckel Karl-Heinz , Dragano Nico , Schmidt Börge 
Published: August 2021

Objectives
N-Terminal pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) is a diagnostic marker for heart failure and a prognostic factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to examine the association of socioeconomic position (SEP) with NT-proBNP while assessing sex-differences and the impact of CVD risk factors and prevalent CVD on the association.

Methods
Baseline data of 4598 participants aged 45–75 years of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study were used. Income and education were used as SEP indicators. Age- and sex-adjusted linear regression models were fitted to calculate effect size estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95%-CIs) for the total effect of SEP indicators on NT-proBNP, while potential mediation was assessed by additionally accounting for traditional CVD risk factors (i.e., systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, diabetes, anti-hypertensive medication, lipid-lowering medication, BMI, current smoking). Education and income were included separately in the models.

Results
With an age- and sex-adjusted average change in NT-proBNP of -6.47% (95%-CI: -9.91; -2.91) per 1000€, the association between income and NT-proBNP was more pronounced compared to using education as a SEP indicator (-0.80% [95%-CI: -1.92; 0.32] per year of education). Sex-stratified results indicated stronger associations in men (-8.43% [95%-CI: -13.21; -3.38] per 1000€; -1.63% [95%-CI: -3.23; -0.001] per year of education) compared to women (-5.10% [95%-CI: -9.82; -0.01] per 1000€; -1.04% [95%-CI: -2.59; 0.50] per year of education). After adjusting for CVD risk factors some of the observed effect size estimates were attenuated, while the overall association between SEP indicators and NT-proBNP was still indicated. The exclusion of participants with prevalent coronary heart disease or stroke did not lead to a substantial change in the observed associations.

Conclusions
In the present study associations of education and income with NT-proBNP were observed in a population-based study sample. Only parts of the association were explained by traditional CVD risk factors, while there were substantial sex-differences in the strength of the observed association. Overt coronary heart disease or stroke did not seem to trigger the associations.
Evaluation of the ability of the trypsin-like peptidase activity assay to detect severe periodontitis
Authors: Iwasaki Masanori , Usui Michihiko , Ariyoshi Wataru , Nakashima Keisuke , Nagai-Yoshioka Yoshie , Inoue Maki , Kobayashi Kaoru , Nishihara Tatsuji 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesN-benzoyl-DL-arginine peptidase (trypsin-like peptidase) is specifically produced by certain strains of periodontitis-associated bacteria. We aimed to examine the effectiveness of an objectively quantified trypsin-like peptidase activity assay (TLP-AA) for detecting severe periodontitis.MethodsThe study population included 347 adults (108 men and 239 women; average age, 43.3 years) who underwent a full-mouth periodontal examination. Specimens for the TLP-AA were obtained using tongue swabs. Using a color reader, the TLP-AA results were obtained as a* values, with higher positive a* values indicating an increased intense enzymatic activity. The predictive validity of the TLP-AA results for severe periodontitis was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and the periodontitis case definition provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology as the gold standard. Furthermore, multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to predict severe periodontitis using the TLP-AA results and health characteristics, as the exposure variables.ResultsSevere periodontitis was observed in 5.2% of the participants. TLP-AA had high diagnostic accuracy for severe periodontitis, with an area under the curve of 0.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.75–0.92). The cut-off score for the a* value that best differentiated individuals with severe periodontitis was 0.09, with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 77%. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that the TLP-AA results were significantly associated with severe periodontitis after adjusting for health characteristics (adjusted odds ratios: 1.90 [95% CI: 1.37–2.62] for the a* value).ConclusionsObjectively quantified TLP-AA results are potentially useful for detecting severe periodontitis in epidemiological surveillance.
Encouraging physical fitness in Brazilian adolescents with excess weight: can they outperform their eutrophic peers in some activities?
Authors: Portella Giovana Chekin , Portella Daniel Leite , de Oliveira Siqueira José , Iuamoto Leandro Ryuchi , Tess Beatriz Helena 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
There is the need to encourage physical activity (PA) among adolescents with overweight or obesity.

Objectives
The present study aimed to assess the relationship between health-related physical fitness (PF) and nutritional status, and to identify those activities more suited to adolescents with excess weight.

Methods
This cross-sectional study included 3,062 in-school adolescents, aged 10–18 years. We collected information on sex, age, weight, height, skinfold thickness, trunk height and leg length, and calculated body mass index (BMI) z-score, fat mass percentage, and peak height velocity (PHV). Participants were tested for PF by the 20-m shuttle run test (cardiorespiratory fitness); medicine ball throw and standing long jump tests (musculoskeletal fitness) and sit and reach test (flexibility). We used generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and performance in the fitness tests, controlled for maturity offset and fat mass percentage.

Results
1,563 (51%) were boys, mean age 12.6 years (±1.8), 22.8% were overweight and 12.5% had obesity. In both sexes, adolescents with obesity did better in the upper body strength test than their eutrophic peers. Boys with obesity had worse cardiorespiratory fitness and lower body muscular strength than eutrophic boys. Girls with obesity had similar cardiorespiratory fitness and better lower body strength than eutrophic girls.

Conclusion
In muscular strength fitness tests, adolescents with obesity performed similarly to, or better than, their eutrophic peers. Motivation to maintain regular PA is reinforced by positive experiences. Interventions that emphasize muscular strength PF should be developed for adolescents with obesity.
Advanced data handling architecture for earth observation satellites
Authors: Bozler Julian , Herpel Hans Juergen , Johansson Jan , Gasti Wahida , Mourra Olivier 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper we describe how commercial open standards for embedded systems could affect the architecture of future satellite data handling systems. Traditionally, satellite data handling systems are based on the principles of a federated architecture, i. e. one function is implemented as one box. Each box has its own housing and power supply. In the paper we describe the transition path from the traditional federated architecture to a centralized but modular architecture based on adapted industrial standards. In the presented approach functional modules like on-board computer, Global Navigation Satellite System receiver, interface boards, etc. are combined in a rack communicating via a standard backplane using standardized communication links. The analysis performed during the Advanced Data Handling Architecture study showed that this approach contributes significantly to mass and power reduction (approx. 20 %) of a typical satellite data handling system. Another major point highlighted in the Advanced Data Handling Architecture study is the simplification of Assembly, Integration and Test activities. All this will help space industry to handle increasing system complexity while keeping costs at an acceptable level.
Characterization of polymeric biomedical balloon: physical and mechanical properties
Authors: Sadeghi Farhad , Le David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Tubes from nylon 12 and Pebax 6333 resins were produced using an extrusion process. The extruded tubes were used to produce balloons for angioplasty applications. The tubes were stretched using blow molding process to produce balloons. Melt rheology behavior for nylon 12 and Pebax were studied and nylon 12 showed a more pronounced shear thinning behavior compared to Pebax. Orientations of the tubes and the balloons were assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and it was found that nylon material is more sensitive to molecular orientation when stretched compared to Pebax material. Melting behavior for the tubes and balloons were investigated using dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC). The melting temperature shifted to higher temperatures when the tubes are stretched into balloons and the shift was more pronounced for Pebax balloon than nylon. Morphology of Pebax balloon surface revealed a hybrid structure consisting of hard segments dispersed in soft segments and amorphous phases. The hard segments are crystallized polyamides that are biaxially oriented in the balloon with higher molecular orientation in the radial direction compared to axial direction. This resulted in a higher tensile strength along the radial direction compared to axial for the balloons. Dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA) tests showed that the glass transition temperature of the nylon tubes shifted to higher temperatures (from 51 to 82 °C) during the balloon forming process, which means the nylon becomes stiffer and less flexible when formed into a balloon.
Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Regeneration Requires Complement and Myeloid Cell Activity within the Optic Nerve
Authors: Peterson Sheri L. , Li Yiqing , Sun Christina J. , Wong Kimberly A. , Leung Kylie S. , de Lima Silmara , Hanovice Nicholas J. , Yuki Kenya , Stevens Beth , Benowitz Larry I. 
Published: August 2021

Axon regenerative failure in the mature CNS contributes to functional deficits following many traumatic injuries, ischemic injuries, and neurodegenerative diseases. The complement cascade of the innate immune system responds to pathogen threat through inflammatory cell activation, pathogen opsonization, and pathogen lysis, and complement is also involved in CNS development, neuroplasticity, injury, and disease. Here, we investigated the involvement of the classical complement cascade and microglia/monocytes in CNS repair using the mouse optic nerve injury (ONI) model, in which axons arising from retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are disrupted. We report that central complement C3 protein and mRNA, classical complement C1q protein and mRNA, and microglia/monocyte phagocytic complement receptor CR3 all increase in response to ONI, especially within the optic nerve itself. Importantly, genetic deletion ofC1q,C3, orCR3attenuates RGC axon regeneration induced by several distinct methods, with minimal effects on RGC survival. Local injections of C1q function-blocking antibody revealed that complement acts primarily within the optic nerve, not retina, to support regeneration. Moreover, C1q opsonizes and CR3+microglia/monocytes phagocytose growth-inhibitory myelin debris after ONI, a likely mechanism through which complement and myeloid cells support axon regeneration. Collectively, these results indicate that local optic nerve complement-myeloid phagocytic signaling is required for CNS axon regrowth, emphasizing the axonal compartment and highlighting a beneficial neuroimmune role for complement and microglia/monocytes in CNS repair.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite the importance of achieving axon regeneration after CNS injury and the inevitability of inflammation after such injury, the contributions of complement and microglia to CNS axon regeneration are largely unknown. Whereas inflammation is commonly thought to exacerbate the effects of CNS injury, we find that complement proteins C1q and C3 and microglia/monocyte phagocytic complement receptor CR3 are each required for retinal ganglion cell axon regeneration through the injured mouse optic nerve. Also, whereas studies of optic nerve regeneration generally focus on the retina, we show that the regeneration-relevant role of complement and microglia/monocytes likely involves myelin phagocytosis within the optic nerve. Thus, our results point to the importance of the innate immune response for CNS repair.
Socioeconomic status in Danish transgender persons: a nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Glintborg Dorte , Rubin Katrine Hass , Kristensen Simon Bang Mohr , Lidegaard Øjvind , T’Sjoen Guy , Burgwal Aisa , Hilden Malene , Andersen Marianne Skovsager 
Published: August 2021

Background
Gender dysphoria could be associated with low socioeconomic status (SES). SES could be modified by age, ethnic background, and medical morbidity.

Aim
To determine SES in a national study population including transgender persons in Denmark.

Methods
National register-based cohort study in Danish transgender persons and age-matched controls. The transgender study cohort included persons with ICD-10 diagnosis code of 'gender identity disorder' and/or persons with legal sex change and persons who fulfiled the inclusion criteria during 2000–2018. The main outcome measure was SES including personal income, occupational status, and education.

Results
The cohort included 2770 transgender persons and 27,700 controls. In the transgender study cohort, 1437 were assigned male at birth (AMAB), median age (interquartile range, IQR) 26.0 (17.3) years, and 1333 were assigned female at birth (AFAB), median age 22.5 (10.3) years. Adjusting for age and sex, the relative risk ratio (RRR) of low vs high personal income was 5.6 (95% CI: 4.9; 6.3) in transgender persons compared to controls. The RRR of low vs high income was 6.9 (5.8; 8.3) in persons AMAB compared to control males and 4.7 (3.9; 5.6) in persons AFAB compared to control females. The RRR of low vs high income was 3.7 (3.2; 4.3) in transgender persons of Danish origin compared to controls. The Charlson comorbidity index was comparable in transgender persons vs controls.

Conclusions
Being transgender was negatively associated with SES. In transgender persons, the risk of low vs high income could be more pronounced in transgender persons of foreign origin.
Aprendizajes y retos del aseguramiento de la calidad en la Universidad Santo Tomás
Authors: Velásquez Vallejo Nadia Verónica 
Published: August 2021

La calidad en la Universidad Santo Tomás (USTA) es el “conjunto de propiedades, atributos o cualidades constitutivas de algo, referidas a su ser integral y perfeccionamiento” (USTA, 2004, p. 58), la cual es esencialmente educativo-formativa y está vinculada a los valores, fines y principios que la reconocen como una institución católica, dominicana, humanista y tomista. Su fin es ofrecer a la sociedad sus mejores resultados, a través de la generación de conocimientos, valores, y de la formación de profesionales de alta calidad intelectual y ética, capaces de dar solución a las problemáticas de hoy y del futuro (USTA, 2004).
Indagando por la identidad de la educación religiosa escolar en Colombia
Authors: Mahecha Beltrán Gustavo Adolfo , Moncada Guzmán Ciro Javier 
Published: August 2021

Este artículo tiene por intencionalidad dar a conocer la travesía investigativa que han vivido los investigadores de la Licenciatura en Educación Religiosa de la Facultad de Educación de la USTA entre los años 2015 - 2020 en el marco de un proyecto de investigación interinstitucional con Unicatólica Cali, donde se proyectó atender a la problemática de la indagación por la identidad de la Educación Religiosa Escolar (ERE) en el marco de la Política Pública del Estado, realizando análisis y triangulación entre las teorías actuales que sobre este tema se han tejido, en conjunto con un trabajo de campo emprendido desde los métodos narrativos. Dicha dinámica ha permitido construir una propuesta propia para la ERE en Colombia, la cual se fundamenta en la reflexión por el sentido de vida desde el cultivo de la espiritualidad, atendiendo a cuestiones e implicaciones de la apertura humana y la experiencia del pluralismo religioso.