bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive and Neural State Dynamics of Narrative Comprehension
Authors: Song Hayoung , Park Bo-yong , Park Hyunjin , Shim Won Mok 
Published: September 2021

Narrative comprehension involves a constant interplay of the accumulation of incoming events and their integration into a coherent structure. This study characterizes cognitive states during narrative comprehension and the network-level reconfiguration occurring dynamically in the functional brain. We presented movie clips of temporally scrambled sequences to human participants (male and female), eliciting fluctuations in the subjective feeling of comprehension. Comprehension occurred when processing events that were highly causally related to the previous events, suggesting that comprehension entails the integration of narratives into a causally coherent structure. The functional neuroimaging results demonstrated that the integrated and efficient brain state emerged during the moments of narrative integration with the increased level of activation and across-modular connections in the default mode network. Underlying brain states were synchronized across individuals when comprehending novel narratives, with increased occurrences of the default mode network state, integrated with sensory processing network, during narrative integration. A model based on time-resolved functional brain connectivity predicted changing cognitive states related to comprehension that are general across narratives. Together, these results support adaptive reconfiguration and interaction of the functional brain networks on causal integration of the narratives.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe human brain can integrate temporally disconnected pieces of information into coherent narratives. However, the underlying cognitive and neural mechanisms of how the brain builds a narrative representation remain largely unknown. We showed that comprehension occurs as the causally related events are integrated to form a coherent situational model. Using fMRI, we revealed that the large-scale brain states and interaction between brain regions dynamically reconfigure as comprehension evolves, with the default mode network playing a central role during moments of narrative integration. Overall, the study demonstrates that narrative comprehension occurs through a dynamic process of information accumulation and causal integration, supported by the time-varying reconfiguration and brain network interaction.
Hippocampal Connectivity with Retrosplenial Cortex is Linked to Neocortical Tau Accumulation and Memory Function
Authors: Ziontz Jacob , Adams Jenna N. , Harrison Theresa M. , Baker Suzanne L. , Jagust William J. 
Published: September 2021

The mechanisms underlying accumulation of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related tau pathology outside of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in older adults are unknown but crucial to understanding cognitive decline. A growing body of evidence from human and animal studies strongly implicates neural connectivity in the propagation of tau in humans, but the pathways of neocortical tau spread and its consequences for cognitive function are not well understood. Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and tau PET imaging from a sample of 97 male and female cognitively normal older adults, we examined MTL structures involved in medial parietal tau accumulation and associations with memory function. Functional connectivity between hippocampus (HC) and retrosplenial cortex (RsC), a key region of the medial parietal lobe, was associated with tau in medial parietal lobe. By contrast, connectivity between entorhinal cortex (EC) and RsC did not correlate with medial parietal lobe tau. Further, greater hippocampal-retrosplenial (HC-RsC) connectivity was associated with a stronger correlation between MTL and medial parietal lobe tau. Finally, an interaction between connectivity strength and medial parietal tau was associated with episodic memory performance, particularly in the visuospatial domain. This pattern of tau accumulation thus appears to reflect pathways of neural connectivity, and propagation of tau from EC to medial parietal lobe via the HC may represent a critical process in the evolution of cognitive dysfunction in aging and AD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe accumulation of tau pathology in the neocortex is a fundamental process underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we use functional connectivity in cognitively normal older adults to track the accumulation of tau in the medial parietal lobe, a key region for memory processing that is affected early in the progression of AD. We show that the strength of connectivity between the hippocampus (HC) and retrosplenial cortex (RsC) is related to medial parietal tau burden, and that these tau and connectivity measures interact to associate with episodic memory performance. These findings establish the HC as the origin of medial parietal tau and implicate tau pathology in this region as a crucial marker of the beginnings of AD.
Desestructurando la mediación pedagógica tradicional: Experiencias y reflexiones de la propia praxis desde la estrategia de enseñanza de pareja pedagógica
Authors: Araya Rodríguez Fiorella 
Published: September 2021

This essay corresponds to the praxis generated during the postgraduate studies' program of División de Educología, Universidad Nacional, from January, 2018 to August, 2019. As part of this essay, traditional pedagogical mediation is reconsidered by including an attractive teaching strategy known as co-teaching, which supports the training of professionals in the master’s Program of Education with an emphasis on University Pedagogy at a public university in Costa Rica. To back up this proposal, the essayist turns to her self-reflection, as well as theoretical references and the analysis of shared experiences by different authors, which show the strengths around the construction of new knowledge in the field of Costa Rican pedagogy at the higher education level.
Pedagogía de la música en la educación superior costarricense: Un acercamiento crítico hacia la descolonización de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje
Authors: Espinoza Mora Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2021

This text aims at generating a critical review of the pedagogical model that has prevailed in Costa Rica for music education, especially since the so-called cultural reform in the early 1970’s. In the search of alternative educational models, these reflections take stand from a critical perspective to propose a pedagogical epistemology free from the oppressive conditions still found in the Costa Rican music field.
Costa Rica et son avenir
Authors: Biolley Paul 
Published: September 2021

PAUL BIOLLEY ( 1862-1908), fue un destacado educador suizo, que llegó a Costa Rica en 1886, durante la administración de Bernardo Soto, en la que fungía como Secretario de Instrucción Pública Mauro Fernández. Fue contratado como profesor de la denominada entonces Escuela Normal y Modelo, que se transformó luego en el Liceo de Costa Rica. Desarrolló una muy notable labor docente en el campo de las ciencias naturales, y muchos de sus trabajos sobre Costa Rica gozan aún de prestigio y valor. Les dio un innegable impulso a las ciencias naturales, mediante variadas y constantes investigaciones; entre ellas sobre los moluscos de la Isla del Coco, sobre los invertebrados y otros temas más. También fue un notable traductor de obras científicas, sociales e históricas, varias de ellas relacionadas con Costa Rica. En 1889 publicó en París, como fruto de su indudable interés por el presente y el futuro de nuestro país, la obra Costa Rica et son avenir [Costa Rica y su porvenir]. Es un estudio sobre el país en general, sus habitantes, sus zonas geográficas, sus rasgos culturales, su industria, comercio y hacienda. El capítulo final, «L'avenirr» , es de singular agudeza. Ya con tres años de haber vivido en Costa Rica, estuvo en condiciones de detectar aspectos esenciales de la historia nacional, del talante de sus pobladores y de muchos otros aspectos que, leídos desde hoy, parecen haberse escrito en nuestros días. Se trata de uno de los primeros documentos, escritos en lengua francesa, sobre la historia y la cultura costarricenses, de especial valor por dar cuenta de la percepción que de la nación se tenía a finales del siglo XIX. LETRAS rescata, en esta sección «Documentos», una muestra escrita del legado de un brillante pedagogo y pensador, quien, como muchos otros extranjeros, se afincó en nuestro medio y trabajó con lealtad y generosidad en su nueva patria que fue, en el caso de Biolley, la definitiva. La Dirección de esta revista les agradece a los encargados de la Biblioteca de Libros Antiguos y Especiales, de la Universidad Nacional, haber permitido reproducir este documento, que forma parte del acervo bibliográfico de esa valiosa colección.
Ferulic acid attenuates osteoporosis induced by glucocorticoid through regulating the GSK-3β/Lrp-5/ERK signalling pathways
Authors: Zhou Wei , Chen Bo , Shang Jingbo , Li Renbo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate in-vivo and in-vitro effects of ferulic acid (FA) on glucocorticoid-induced osteoarthritis (GIO) to establish its possible underlying mechanisms.

Methods
The effects of FA on cell proliferation, cell viability (MTT assay), ALP activity, and mineralization assay, and oxidative stress markers (ROS, SOD, GSH LDH and MDA levels) were investigated by MC3T3-E1 cell line. Wistar rats received standard saline (control group) or dexamethasone (GC, 2 mg−1 kg) or DEX+FA (50 and 100 mg−1 kg) orally for 8 weeks. Bone density, micro-architecture, bio-mechanics, bone turnover markers and histo-morphology were determined. The expression of OPG, RANKL, osteogenic markers, and other signalling proteins was assessed employing quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting.

Results
The findings indicated the elevation of ALP mRNA expressions, osteogenic markers (Runx-2, OSX, Col-I, and OSN), and the β-Catenin, Lrp-5 and GSK-3β protein expressions. FA showed the potential to increase MC3T3-E1 cell differentiation, proliferation, and mineralization. FA increased oxidative stress markers (SOD, MDA, and GSH) while decreasing ROS levels and lactate dehydrogenase release in GIO rats. The OPG/RANKL mRNA expression ratio was increased by FA, followed by improved GSK-3β and ERK phosphorylation with enhanced mRNA expressions of Lrp-5 and β-catenin.

Conclusion
These findings showed that FA improved osteoblasts proliferation with oxidative stress suppression by controlling the Lrp-5/GSK-3β/ERK pathway in GIO, demonstrating the potential pathways involved in the mechanism of actions of FA in GIO therapy.
The “GG” genotype of rs26802 variant in the ghrelin gene is a potential protective factor against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Rezamand Gholamreza , Mahmoudi Touraj , Tabaeian Seidamir Pasha , Farahani Hamid , Shahinmehr Fatemeh , Nobakht Hossein , Dabiri Reza , Asadi Asadollah , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz , Zali Mohammad Reza 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging global chronic liver disease worldwide. Considering the powerful association between NAFLD, insulin resistance (IR) and obesity, as well as the key role of ghrelin in these metabolic disorders, we hypothesized that some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ghrelin (GHRL) and ghrelin receptor (GHSR) genes might be associated with NAFLD.

Methods
We conducted a case-control retrospective study of 150 cases with biopsy-proven NAFLD and 155 controls. The diagnosis of NAFLD was established before the start of the genotyping process. All the 305 subjects were genotyped for GHRL SNP rs26802 or -501T>G and GHSR SNP rs572169 or Arg159Arg using the PCR-RFLP method.

Results
The GHRL rs26802 “GG” genotype compared with the “TT” genotype and “TT+TG” genotype appears to be a marker of decreased NAFLD susceptibility even after adjustment for confounding factors (P = 0.006; OR = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.03–0.56 and P = 0.003; OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.05–0.53, respectively). However, we observed no significant difference in genotype or allele frequencies between the cases and controls for GHSR SNP rs572169.

Conclusions
These findings proposed, for the first time, that the GHRL rs26802 “GG” genotype has a protective effect against NAFLD. Nonetheless, this observation warrants further investigations in other populations.
First Russian experience in liver and kidney transplantation from donors with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: 3 years’ results
Authors: Reznik O. N. , Skvortsov A. E. , Daineko V. S. , Loginov I. V. , Kutenkov A. A. , Komedev S. S. , Teplov V. M. , Kuzmin D. O. , Ananiev A. N. , Uliankina I. V. , Gogolev D. V. , Kukushkin A. A. , Malyshev M. E. , Boykov A. A. , Savello V. E. , Morozov A. N. , Bagnenko S. F. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction. In megacities, the use of organs obtained from those who died as a result of sudden out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) for transplantation is one of the promising ways of addressing the problem of organ donor shortage. In St. Petersburg, the model of transition from life support via extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) of patients after OHCA to ECMO life support for organs of potential donors was tested for the first time.Materials and methods. In order to implement the program, round-the-clock ECMO and transplantation teams were organized at the inpatient emergency ward of Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University. Interaction with the St. Petersburg City Emergency Station, St. Petersburg was established. The protocol of work with potential donors brought to the hospital after a sudden circulatory arrest was developed, approved by the ethics committee, and implemented in clinical practice. This was the first in Russia and in international practice. Between 2017 and 2020, 67 patients with sudden OHCA were brought to the inpatient emergency ward. In 4 (5.97%) cases, advanced cardiovascular life support was successful, and 11 (16.42%) patients became effective donors. Mortality among this group of patients without subsequent postmortem donation was 77.61% (52 patients).Results. Liver transplantation from non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) whose blood circulation was restored by ECMO (ECMO NHBD) was performed in 5 recipients who were in severe condition against the background of liver failure. In 1 (20%) case, there was severe liver allograft dysfunction for 33 days with subsequent complete restoration of function. Kidney transplantation was performed in 22 patients. Immediate graft function occurred in 10 (45.45%), while delayed function occurred in 12 (54.55%) patients. Kidney graft survival was 86.4%, kidney graft recipient survival was 95.5%, liver graft recipient survival was 80%, and the follow-up period was 24.1 ± 7.15 months.Conclusion. The use of ECMO to save the lives of patients with sudden OHCA can be implemented in conditions of a high degree of organization and synchronization of the work of the city emergency medical station and the emergency department of a multidisciplinary hospital. If cardiopulmonary resuscitation with ECMO (ECMO CPR) fails, it is possible to launch the ECMO NHBD donor program. Long-term outcomes of liver and kidney transplantation from ECMO NHBD are consistent with those using organs from brain-dead donors. Widespread implementation of the new organ donation model will increase the availability of transplant care.
Diagnostic value of microRNA-27 and -339 in heart transplant recipients with myocardial fibrosis
Authors: Shevchenko O. P. , Velikiy D. A. , Sharapchenko S. O. , Gichkun O. E. , Marchenko A. V. , Ulybysheva A. A. , Pavlov V. S. , Моzheikо N. P. , Кoloskovа N. N. , Shevchenko A. O. 
Published: September 2021

Myocardial fibrosis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. A family of small non-coding signaling molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs), has been identified as promising profibrogenic biomarkers capable of signaling a possible risk of adverse events after heart transplantation.Objective: to identify and evaluate the diagnostic significance of miRNAs, as well as comprehensive miRNA-based tests in heart recipients with graft myocardial fibrosis.Materials and Methods. The study included 83 heart recipients aged 16 to 64 (48.4 ± 13.1) years. The expression levels of five microRNAs (miR-27, -101, -142, -339, -424) in venous blood plasma were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; galectin-3 serum levels were determined by enzyme immunoassay.Results. Morphological signs of graft myocardial fibrosis were verified in 48 recipients. The miR-27 and miR-339 expression levels were significantly higher in heart recipients with myocardial fibrosis than in those without myocardial fibrosis (p = 0.018 and p = 0.043, respectively). Diagnostically significant threshold levels of miR-27 and miR-339 for detection of myocardial fibrosis in heart transplant recipients were determined (–4.33 and –5.24 units, respectively). The relative risk of detecting graft myocardial fibrosis in recipients with miR-27 expression value above the threshold level was RR = 1.5 ± 0.157 [95% CI 1.104-2.039], p = 0.009; for miR-339, RR = 1.31 ± 0.130 [95% CI 1.018-1.692], p = 0.036. When miR-27 expression levels and galectin-3 serum levels simultaneously exceeded their estimated thresholds, the risk of transplanted heart myocardial fibrosis increased to RR = 2.7 ± 0.456 [95% CI 1.090-6.524], p = 0.032; when miR-339 and galectin-3 simultaneously exceeded threshold values, the risk was RR = 2.0 ± 0.316 [95% CI 1.076-3.717], p = 0.028).Conclusion. The miR-27 and miR-339 expression levels are associated with the presence of fibrotic changes in the graft myocardium. The combination of molecular-genetic and proteomic biomarkers in one test improves the diagnostic characteristics of these expressions with respect to post-transplant complications in heart recipients.
A cooperative heterogeneous vehicular clustering framework for efficiency improvement
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar , Noor Rafidah Md , Ahmed Zaheed , Umm-e-Habiba  , Akram Naveed , García Márquez Fausto Pedro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHeterogeneous vehicular clustering integrates multiple types of communication networks to work efficiently for various vehicular applications. One popular form of heterogeneous network is the integration of long-term evolution (LTE) and dedicated short-range communication. The heterogeneity of such a network infrastructure and the non-cooperation involved in sharing cost/data are potential problems to solve. A vehicular clustering framework is one solution to these problems, but the framework should be formally verified and validated before being deployed in the real world. To solve these issues, first, we present a heterogeneous framework, named destination and interest-aware clustering, for vehicular clustering that integrates vehicular ad hoc networks with the LTE network for improving road traffic efficiency. Then, we specify a model system of the proposed framework. The model is formally verified to evaluate its performance at the functional level using a model checking technique. To evaluate the performance of the proposed framework at the micro-level, a heterogeneous simulation environment is created by integrating state-of-the-art tools. The comparison of the simulation results with those of other known approaches shows that our proposed framework performs better.
Evaluation of choroidal thickness, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, macular thickness and retinal vessel diameter by optical coherence tomography in patients with peripheral arterial disease
Authors: SOYDAN Adem , UYAR Enes , KAYMAZ Abdulgani , ULAŞ Fatih , KORMAZ Ufuk Turan Kürşat 
Published: September 2021

Aim: To evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, macular thickness and retinal vessel diameter by optical coherence tomography in patients with peripheral artery disease.
Materials and Methods: 35 patients with a diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and 32 healthy individuals (control group) were included in the study. Retinal thickness (RT), choroidal thickness (CT) in enhanced depth imaging (EDI) mode, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, retinal artery and vein diameters were measured with optical coherence tomography (OCT) device.
Results: The mean age of the PAH group included in the study was 59.4±11.9 and the mean age of the control group was 55.5±5.3 years. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups in the values obtained from the CT in the subfoveal region of the EDI measured from three different regions and the nasal quadrant of the RNFL measured from 7 quadrants (p=0.03 and p=0.03, respectively). On the contrary, no statistically significant difference was observed in EDI and other measurements of RNFL, RT values, artery and vein diameters (p values were between 0.08-1.00).
Conclusion: In patients with PAD, it is important to determine the RNFL and CT to be thinner. It can be a guide in more comprehensive studies in the future.
The expression of angiogenic protein Cyr61 significantly increases in the urine of early-onset preeclampsia patients
Authors: BEHRAM Mustafa , OĞLAK Süleyman Cemil 
Published: September 2021

Aim: This study sought to compare the expression of the Cysteine-rich 61 (Cyr61) protein in the urine of early-onset preeclampsia (PE) patients with that of the urine of normotensive healthy pregnant women.
Material and method: A total of 80 patients who gave birth from June 2019 to December 2019 were enrolled in this prospective study. The study group comprised 40 pregnant women at 20-34 weeks of gestation who presented with early-onset PE. Gestational age- and body mass index-matched, 40 healthy normotensive pregnant women without proteinuria were included in the control group. We recorded demographic characteristics and urine Cyr61 concentrations of the participants.
Results: The urine Cyr61 protein levels were significantly higher in the early-onset PE group (922.6±1263.1 pg/mL) than those of the control group (499.2±270.2 pg/mL, p
Omentoplasty in the treatment of bronchopleural fistula after pulmonary resections
Authors: ERDOĞU Volkan , AKER Cemal , PEKÇOLAKLAR Atilla , ERDUHAN Semih , AKSOY Yunus , İŞGÖRÜCÜ Özgür , METİN Muzaffer 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a complication that can occur after pulmonary resections onset may be early or late. This study aims to present our results using omentoplasty in the treatment of BPF.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the data of patients who developed BPF after pulmonary resection between 2010 and 2020. The results of the patients who underwent omentoplasty during surgical revision for BPF were analyzed in terms of surgical methods used, timing of the procedure, and surgical success.
Results: BPF formed in 52 (2.1%) of 2486 patients who underwent anatomical lung resection. Fourteen (26.9%) of the patients with BPF were treated with omentoplasty. All of the patients were men and the median age was 58 years (range, 27-75 years). Among the patients who underwent omentoplasty, the median time from pulmonary resection to BPF development was 22 days (range, 4-221 days). The median time from BPF development to omentoplasty was 9.5 days (range, 4-485 days). Seven (50%) of the patients developed BPF after pneumonectomy and the other 7 (50%) after lobectomy. Most post-pneumonectomy BPFs occurred after right pneumonectomy (n=6, 85.7%). BPF developing after right pneumonectomy constituted 43% of all BPFs (n=6). Surgical success was achieved in 13 (92.9%) of the 14 patients who underwent BPF closure with omentoplasty.
Conclusion: Omentoplasty has low complication and high success rates and can be used safely for the treatment of BPF.