bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INDITTO2 transposon conveys auxin‐mediated DRO1 transcription for rice drought avoidance
Authors: Zhao Yiting , Wu Lixia , Fu Qijing , Wang Dong , Li Jing , Yao Baolin , Yu Si , Jiang Li , Qian Jie , Zhou Xuan , Han Li , Zhao Shuanglu , Ma Canrong , Zhang Yanfang , Luo Chongyu , Dong Qian , Li Saijie , Zhang Lina , Jiang Xi , Li Youchun , Luo Hao , Li Kuixiu , Yang Jing , Luo Qiong , Li Lichi , Peng Sheng , Huang Huichuan , Zuo Zhili , Liu Changning , Wang Lei , Li Chengyun , He Xiahong , Friml Jiří , Du Yunlong 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTransposable elements exist widely throughout plant genomes and play important roles in plant evolution. Auxin is an important regulator that is traditionally associated with root development and drought stress adaptation. The DEEPER ROOTING 1 (DRO1) gene is a key component of rice drought avoidance. Here, we identified a transposon that acts as an autonomous auxin‐responsive promoter and its presence at specific genome positions conveys physiological adaptations related to drought avoidance. Rice varieties with a high and auxin‐mediated transcription of DRO1 in the root tip show deeper and longer root phenotypes and are thus better adapted to drought. The INDITTO2 transposon contains an auxin response element and displays auxin‐responsive promoter activity; it is thus able to convey auxin regulation of transcription to genes in its proximity. In the rice Acuce, which displays DRO1‐mediated drought adaptation, the INDITTO2 transposon was found to be inserted at the promoter region of the DRO1 locus. Transgenesis‐based insertion of the INDITTO2 transposon into the DRO1 promoter of the non‐adapted rice variety Nipponbare was sufficient to promote its drought avoidance. Our data identify an example of how transposons can act as promoters and convey hormonal regulation to nearby loci, improving plant fitness in response to different abiotic stresses.
Understanding Substance use Policies and Associated Ethical Concerns: A survey of Pediatric Transplant Centers
Authors: Monnin Kara , Lofton Amie M. , Naclerio Catherine , Buchanan Cindy L. , Campbell Kristen , Tenenbaum Rachel B. , Steinberg Christofferson Elizabeth 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPsychosocial risk factors, such as substance use, have been linked to poor post‐transplant outcomes for solid organ transplant patients, including poor medication adherence, increased risk for rejection, and even graft failure. Despite universal consensus that substance use is an increasing problem among youth, many pediatric transplant centers do not have policies in place to address substance use and no universal guidelines exist regarding assessment during the pre‐transplant evaluation in this population. An online survey was administered via REDCap™ and directed toward medical leaders (ie, medical and surgical directors) of national heart, kidney, and liver transplant centers. Questions examined the following: perspectives on the need for a universal transplant center policy on pediatric substance use, abuse, and dependence; timing and frequency of evaluation for substance use; specific substances which would elicit respondents' concerns; and ethical concerns surrounding substance use. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data were collected from 52 respondents from 38 transplant centers, with the majority (n = 40; 77%) reporting no substance use policy in place for pediatric transplant patients. However, many endorsed concerns if a pediatric patient was found to be using specific substances. Our findings further highlight the need for a universal substance use policy across pediatric solid organ transplant centers. The results from the distributed survey will help to provide guidelines and best practices when establishing a universal policy for substance use.
Extract from Ascaris suum and N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine induces an immunosuppressant effect in model of autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Silva Roeckson Carlos Peixoto , da Silva Raul Penaforte Correia , Souto Fabrício Oliveira , de Lorena Virginia Maria Barros , Aires André de Lima , Costa Vlaudia Maria Assis , Albuquerque Mônica Camelo Pessôa de Azevedo , de Souza Valdênia Maria Oliveira 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundExtract of adult Ascaris suum (ASC) worms attenuated the liver damage in experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) with induction of Th2 immune response, but fibrosis occurred. N‐acetyl‐L‐cysteine (NAC) has protective effects against liver fibrosis.ObjectivesEvaluate the association ASC + NAC on the T‐ and B‐cell activation, inflammation and fibrogenic markers in the liver in EAH.MethodsExperimental autoimmune hepatitis was induced intravenously with concanavalin A in BALB/c mice. EAH + ASC+NAC group received NAC and ASC; EAH + ASC group received ASC; EAH group received PBS. Doubly labelled CD4+ T (CD28, CTLA‐4, CD40L or IL‐10) and CD45R+ B lymphocytes (IL‐10) and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells were evaluated, along with gene expression of Col1a1, α‐SMA, Fizz1, Arg1 and PPAR‐γ and histomorphometry.ResultsExperimental autoimmune hepatitis group showed high frequency of CD28+ and CD40L+ T lymphocytes, but not the EAH + ASC group. In relation to EAH group, the Fizz1 expression was lower in both groups treated, but Arg1 expression was lower in only EAH + ASC+NAC group. In the EAH + ASC+NAC group, there were higher frequencies of CD4+IL‐10+ and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells, but not CD45R+IL‐10+, along with mitigated inflammation and collagen production.ConclusionsAscaris suum favoured immunosuppression in EAH limiting the T cells activation. However, association ASC and NAC was necessary for attenuating the inflammatory process and collagen production.
Population structure, pathogenicity, and fungicide sensitivity of Colletotrichum siamense from different hosts in Hainan, China
Authors: Cao Xueren , Zhu Zijiao , Che Haiyan , West Jonathan S. , Lin Yating , Luo Daquan , Xu Xiangming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAreca palm, rubber tree, and coffee are always planted adjacent to each other or intercropped with each other, and Colletotrichum siamense was found to be the dominant species of Colletotrichum from these crops in Hainan, China. To study the population structure, pathogenicity, and fungicide sensitivity of C. siamense from these three crops in Hainan, isolates were first identified by their morphological characteristics and multilocus phylogeny. Then both permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and pairwise FST analysis showed that the original host and geographical origin (counties) had significant effects on genetic variation in the C. siamense population, explaining 5.6% and 16.3% of genetic variation, respectively. There were significant genetic differentiations between coffee and rubber tree populations but the genetic differentiation was small (FST = 0.04), while significant differentiations were observed among all populations from different counties except those between Haikou and Chengmai. Pathogenicity analysis using artificial inoculation showed that isolates had significantly higher disease incidence and diseased lesion diameter on wounded leaves than on nonwounded leaves. However, the original host of an isolate and geographical origin did not significantly affect the pathogenicity of the C. siamense populations from these three hosts. In vitro tests showed that there were no significant differences in the sensitivity of C. siamense populations to carbendazim, prochloraz, difenoconazole, and propiconazole from different original hosts and geographical origins. The present study suggests that host specialization of C. siamense has not occurred yet in coffee, rubber tree, and areca palm.
All day‐long pacifier use and intelligence quotient in childhood: A birth cohort study
Authors: Giugliani Elsa R. J. , Gomes Erissandra , Santos Iná S. , Matijasevich Alicia , Camargo‐Figuera Fabio A. , Barros Aluísio J. D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiterature on pacifier use remains controversial, but mostly suggests an inverse association with childhood intelligence.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the association between pacifier use and intelligence quotient (IQ) in six‐year‐old children from a birth cohort.MethodsData from 3532 children from the 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort were analysed. Children were recruited and assessed at birth and followed up at 3 months, and 1, 2, 4, and 6 years. Data on pacifier use duration and intensity were obtained via interviews with mothers in all six follow‐up visits. IQ was estimated at 6 years using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and standardised for the analyses. Crude and adjusted coefficients were calculated (linear regression) for all the data collected in follow‐up assessments for pacifier use.ResultsIQ was inversely associated with all pacifier use indicators. Children who used a pacifier all day long (ADL) at any follow‐up showed an IQ 0.18 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11, 0.24) standard deviations below those who never used it ADL, after adjusting for confounders. The strength of association increased with number of assessments reporting ADL pacifier use, from a reduction in IQ of 0.13 (95% CI 0.06, 0.21) to 0.34 (95% CI 0.15, 0.52) standard deviations for ADL use in one and in all four follow‐up visits, respectively.ConclusionsWe found a strong association between intense pacifier use up to 4 years of age and lower IQ at 6 years. A dose‐response gradient was observed, with greater IQ deficits in children who used a ADL pacifier for longer durations. The mechanisms underlying this association need to be clarified. One hypothesis is that children using a pacifier, especially those who use it more intensely, are less stimulated.
Overexpression of RNA‐binding bacterial chaperones in rice leads to stay‐green phenotype, improved yield and tolerance to salt and drought stresses
Authors: Guddimalli Rajasheker , Somanaboina Anil Kumar , Palle Surender Reddy , Edupuganti Sujatha , Kummari Divya , Palakolanu Sudhakar Reddy , Naravula Jalaja , Gandra Jawahar , Qureshi Insaf A. , Marka Nagaraju , Polavarapu Rathnagiri , Kavi Kishor Polavarapu Bilhan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGenes encoding bacterial cold shock proteins A (CspA, 213 bp) and B (CspB, 216 bp) were isolated from Escherichia coli strain K12, which showed 100% homology with gene sequences isolated from other bacterial species. In silico domain, analysis showed eukaryotic conserved cold shock domain (CSD) and ribonuclease‐binding domain (RBD) indicating that they bind to RNA and are involved in temperature stress tolerance. Overexpression of these two genes in E. coli resulted in higher growth in presence of 200 mM NaCl and 300 mM mannitol. Western blot confirmed the translational products of the two genes. Seedlings of indica rice were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing pCAMBIA1301 CspA and CspB genes. Transgene integration was confirmed by β‐glucuronidase (GUS) histochemical assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and gene copy number by Southern blotting. Chlorophyll, proline, Na+, and K+ contents were higher in transgenics exposed to 150 mM NaCl and drought (imposed by withholding water) stresses during floral initiation stage. Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) content was low in transgenics. Transgenics displayed increased root, shoot, and panicle lengths, root dry mass, and a distinct stay‐green (SGR) phenotype. Higher transcript levels of CspA, CspB, SGR, chlorophyllase, isopentenyl adenine transferase 1 (IPT1), 9‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), SOD, and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) genes were observed in transgenics compared to wild type plants (WT) under multiple stresses. Present work indicates that bacterial chaperone proteins are capable of imparting SGR phenotype, salt and drought stress tolerance alongside grain improvement.
Gender difference about death anxiety among older adults: Structural Equation Model
Authors: Adelirad Fatemeh , Sabahiazar Khadijeh , Asghari‐Jafarabadi Mohammad , Namjoo Shamsedin , Chattu Vijay Kumar , Allahverdipour Hamid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundOlder adults may be more prone to death anxiety than their younger counterparts. This study explores factors affecting death anxiety based on gender differences.MethodsIn this correlational study, 450 older adults referred to the health centres in the city of Bukan, Iran were recruited by using a randomised sampling method. Next, data were collected about the demographic questionnaire, anxiety about ageing, death anxiety, mental well‐being, perceived social support, and quality of life questionnaire. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between variables, and the predictors of death anxiety were evaluated using quintile regression. Relationship between death anxiety and other variables was evaluated by the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The study was approved by the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee (Ethics Code: IR.TBZMED.REC.1397.304).ResultsThe results showed that death anxiety in men had a significant relationship with the level of literacy (P = 0.047), body self‐imaging (P = 0.031), and perceived social activity (P = 0.033). Among women, death anxiety had a significant relationship with physical activity (P = 0.007) and perceived social activity (P = 0.002). Additionally, quintile regression analysis was calculated: among men, anxiety about ageing was related to death anxiety (β = 0.182, P = 0.05), while in women, only perceived social support was associated to death anxiety (β = −0.376, P = 0.05). Finally, according to SEM, a significantly different level of predictability of mental well‐being was found for death anxiety among older men and women.ConclusionUnderstanding the gender differences about death anxiety by the healthcare system might be useful in controlling and reducing a variety of concerns among elders who experience high levels of anxiety of death.
The human mirror neuron system—A common neural basis for social cognition?
Authors: Schmidt Stephanie N. L. , Hass Joachim , Kirsch Peter , Mier Daniela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAccording to the theory of embodied simulation, mirror neurons (MN) in our brain's motor system are the neuronal basis of all social‐cognitive processes. The assumption of such a mirroring process in humans could be supported by results showing that within one person the same region is involved in different social cognition tasks. We conducted an fMRI‐study with 75 healthy participants who completed three tasks: imitation, empathy, and theory of mind. We analyzed the data using group conjunction analyses and individual shared voxel counts. Across tasks, across and within participants, we find common activation in inferior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal cortex, fusiform gyrus, posterior superior temporal sulcus, and amygdala. Our results provide evidence for a shared neural basis for different social‐cognitive processes, indicating that interpersonal understanding might occur by embodied simulation.
Vine Regression with Bayes Nets: A Critical Comparison with Traditional Approaches Based on a Case Study on the Effects of Breastfeeding on IQ
Authors: Cooke Roger M. , Joe Harry , Chang Bo 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRegular vines (R‐vines) copulas build high dimensional joint densities from arbitrary one‐dimensional margins and (conditional) bivariate copula densities. Vine densities enable the computation of all conditional distributions, though the calculations can be numerically intensive. Saturated continuous nonparametric Bayes nets (CNPBN) are regular vines. Computing regression functions from the vine copula density is termed vine regression. The epicycles of regression–including/excluding covariates, interactions, higher order terms, multicollinearity, model fit, transformations, heteroscedasticity, bias–are dispelled. One simply computes the regressions from the vine copula density. Only the question of finding an adequate vine copula remains. Vine regression is applied to a data set from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth relating breastfeeding to IQ. The expected effects of breastfeeding on IQ depend on IQ, on the baseline level of breastfeeding, on the duration of additional breastfeeding and on the values of other covariates. A child given two weeks breastfeeding can expect to increase his/her IQ by 1.5–2 IQ points by adding 10 weeks of breastfeeding, depending on values of other covariates. A child given two years breastfeeding can expect to gain from 0.48–0.65 IQ points from 10 additional weeks. Adding 10 weeks breastfeeding to each of the 3,179 children in this data set has a net present value $50,700,000 according to the Bayes net, compared to $29,000,000 according to the linear regression.
Are WTO Decisionmakers Regulating Technological Risks or Are Technological Risks Steering WTO Biotechnology Legal Decisions?
Authors: Guida Alessandra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article explores how technological risks and uncertainty carried by the international trade of biotechnology are regulated under the World Trade Organization (WTO) and have been governed by the WTO's judicial bodies. The article shows that the judicial evaluation of biotechnology risks is mostly justified in scientific terms and is still anchored to a quantitative approach. This, in turn, prevents WTO decisionmakers from performing a broader analysis of the societal purposes and impacts of technological innovations and, accordingly, their potential contributions to or disadvantages for the public interest. Given that, the present article investigates whether reliability can be claimed for WTO biotechnology decisions. In approaching this task, it elucidates the complex interplay between law, risks and science, and offers suggestions to enhance the reliability of biotechnology legal decisions and address the uncertainty surrounding the international trade of biotechnology.
Stillbirth – transitions and rituals when birth brings death: Data from a danish national cohort seen through an anthropological lens
Authors: Jørgensen Mathilde Lindh , Prinds Christina , Mørk Sofie , Hvidtjørn Dorte 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany parents bereaved of a stillborn baby spend time with the child. In this time frame, different acts with the child in focus may occur. Some parents invite others to see the child too. Parents who suffer the loss of a newborn are vulnerable, and understanding acts and practices surrounding the dead newborn is important knowledge for caretakers.AimsThis article aims to enlighten the amount of time Danish parents spend with their stillborn in hospital settings that encourage this practice. Furthermore, it aims to transcend the mere quantitative numbers through a theoretical approach that frames the analysis and discussion of possible layers of meaning imbedded in time spent with a dead newborn.Study designData from a Danish cohort of bereaved parents were collected using web‐based questionnaires. These numbers were successively interpreted through an anthropological lens within the perspective of transition and ritualisation. Knowledge from existing empirical literature was also fused.Results from the cohortDanish parents spend hours or days with their stillborn child. They feel supported in this by healthcare professionals. Mainly close relatives join the parents while admitted to the hospital to see the stillborn child, followed by other family members and friends.ConclusionDanish parents engage to a very high degree in contact with their dead baby. The analysis points out that ‘Time’ and ‘Others’ are needed to create a socially comprehensible status for parents and child when birth brings death. In liminal space during the transition, healthcare professionals act as ritual experts, supporting parents and their relatives to ascribe social status to the dead body of the child through ritualised acts. Instead of only thinking of this period as ‘memory‐making’, we suggest regarding it as a time of ontological clarification as well.
Multivariate boundary regression models
Authors: Selk Leonie , Tillier Charles , Marigliano Orlando 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, we consider a multivariate regression model with one‐sided errors. We assume for the regression function to lie in a general Hölder class and estimate it via a nonparametric local polynomial approach that consists of minimization of the local integral of a polynomial approximation lying above the data points. While the consideration of multivariate covariates offers an undeniable opportunity from an application‐oriented standpoint, it requires a new method of proof to replace the established ones for the univariate case. The main purpose of this paper is to show the uniform consistency and to provide the rates of convergence of the considered nonparametric estimator for both multivariate random covariates and multivariate deterministic design points. To demonstrate the performance of the estimators, the small sample behavior is investigated in a simulation study in dimension two and three.
Gender, welfare state regimes and social policy beyond advanced capitalism: Pathways to decommodification in middle‐income countries
Authors: Nakray Keerty 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Gøsta Esping‐Andersen, using decommodification as a basis, classified advanced capitalist countries into liberal, conservative‐corporatist, and social‐democratic welfare regimes. Subsequently, Ann Shola Orloff deemed his approach gender blind, and dimensions such as access to paid work and the capacity to form and maintain an autonomous household were added to the existing variables of state–market relations, stratification and social citizenship rights. Based on Orloff's theoretical propositions, this paper develops the decommodification measures to classify middle‐income countries (MICs). The paper classifies MICs into five clusters based on hierarchical cluster analysis using variables such as GDP per capita, female labour force participation, availability, duration and wage replacement levels and providers of maternity leave benefits and availability of childcare services, legislation on sexual harassment, marital rape and domestic violence, protection orders, the availability of legal aid for civil and criminal matters and the proportion of seats held by women in parliaments.
Aging‐related shift of eccrine sweat glands toward the skin surface due to tangling and rotation of the secretory ducts revealed by digital 3D skin reconstruction
Authors: Ezure Tomonobu , Amano Satoshi , Matsuzaki Kyoichi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSweat gland function deteriorates with aging, leading to loss of heat tolerance. However, it is unclear whether and how the structure of sweat glands changes during aging, because the 3D structure is complex and inaccessible.MethodsTo clarify age‐dependent changes in sweat glands, we developed a method for 3D structure analysis of sweat glands by means of X‐ray micro‐CT observation of human skin specimens followed by 3D digital reconstruction on computer (digital 3D skin).ResultsComparison of eccrine sweat glands of abdominal skin from young and old subjects showed that the density and volume of sweat glands do not change with aging. In contrast, the depth of the secretory coil from the skin surface is decreased in the aged group. Surprisingly, the secretory ducts appear tortuous or meandering though their length is unchanged. The secretory coils are located at the dermal‐adipose layer boundary in both groups, but the thickness of the dermal layer decreases with aging, and the depth of the coils is correlated with the dermal thickness.ConclusionOur results suggest that sweat glands twist and rotate with aging to maintain the position of the coil at the dermal‐adipose boundary, causing an overall shift toward the skin surface.