bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The thermodynamic stability and mechanical properties of TiC
x
N1−x
(0 ⩽
x ⩽ 1) compounds by cluster expansion method and first-principles calculations
Authors: Chen Yijie , Xu Canhui , Hu Shuanglin , Zhao Xiaojun , Xiao Lairong , Cai Zhenyang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The thermodynamic stability and mechanical properties of titanium carbonitrides TiC
x
N1−x
(0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1) are investigated by a combination of the universal cluster expansion method and the first-principles calculations. By considering the ordering of the N/C distributions on the anion sublattice sites of TiC
x
N1−x
, a binary diagram of the heat of formation is constructed, and seven kinds of ground-state structures are predicted in the whole range of 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1. These predicted ground-state TiC
x
N1−x
structures are further proved to be dynamically and mechanically stable by examining their phonon dispersion spectra and elastic constants. Further studies indicate that the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the ternary TiC
x
N1−x
structures are generally better than those of the binary TiC or TiN, while the differences within the ternary systems are insignificant. The possible origin of the enhancement of the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the predicted ground-state TiC
x
N1−x
are discussed together with the electronic structures.
Exact solution to sodium-iridate-BCS– Hubbard model along the symmetric line: non-trivial topology in the ferromagnetic order
Authors: Bi Shihao , He Yan , Li Peng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study the sodium-iridates model on the honeycomb lattice with both BCS pairing potential and Hubbard interaction term. It is shown that this model can be exactly solved with appropriate choices of amplitude of pairing gaps, where the interacting terms are transformed to external field terms. The band structures of these exact solutions on both torus and cylinder geometry are discussed in great details. It is found that the ground state assumes an anti-ferromagnetic configuration, which breaks the time reversal symmetry spontaneously and renders the superconductor topologically trivial. On the other hand, the nontrivial topology is preserved with ferromagnetic configuration and can be characterized by the isospin Chern number.
An optimized design for a field-of-view splitting-based long-gauge-length optical extensometer using two rhombic prisms
Authors: Gu Jian , Zhu Feipeng , Bai Pengxiang , Lei Dong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Although the field-of-view (FOV) splitting strategy, based on the reflective image technique, can effectively enhance the gauge length of an optical extensometer, its elements, including a right-angled optical prism and two plane mirrors, require meticulous adjustment before a measurement. In this research, we propose an optimized FOV splitting scheme that uses two identical rhombic prisms. Each rhombic prism can displace a beam of light without changing its direction. Therefore, two symmetrically positioned rhombic prisms converge the light that traverse from two separate regions of an object, which realizes the FOV splitting and greatly simplifies the adjustment of the optical elements. Based on such a FOV splitting scheme, we develop an enhanced optical extensometer. Repeated tensile and cyclic loading-unloading tests are conducted to validate the feasibility and reliability of the proposed extensometer. The experimental results that are obtained using the proposed method are in excellent agreement with those using a strain gauge, which indicates that the optimized FOV splitting scheme is easy to implement and it has high assembly accuracy. Finally, a tensile failure test of a cast-iron specimen is conducted; the measured results indicate that the proposed method is appropriate for measuring the strain of brittle materials in practical applications.
Imaging irregular structures using electrical capacitance tomography
Authors: Chen Zhao , Chen Meng , Wang Jiangjiang , Liu Rongzheng , Shao Youlin , Liu Bing , Tang Yaping , Liu Malin , Yang Wuqiang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractElectrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is widely used in research for different applications, e.g. in the petroleum, pharmaceutical and power industries, due to its nonintrusive and noninvasive features and low cost. So far, ECT has been successfully used with regular structures, such as circular and square shapes. However, in some cases, the measurement electrodes cannot be mounted directly on an irregular structure, high temperature objects or corrosive objects. In this work, a method is proposed for ECT to be used with an irregular structure, by filling the gap between the irregular structure and a regular ECT sensor wall. Accordingly, a split matrix method is proposed for image reconstruction. The characteristics of sensitivity maps with the filling method and different structures are investigated. To calculate sensitivity maps, two methods are used: the perturbation method and the potential method, and their effects on image quality are compared. The results show that there is no obvious difference between these two methods for imaging construction, but the potential method is more efficient than the perturbation method. Among different shapes, an image of a triangular object has a large deformation due to its sharp angle and hence the filling method is not suitable for imaging a triangular object. The split matrix method modified by relaxation factors is suitable for irregular structures in general and can generate satisfactory images. A hardware system based on an impedance analyser and a software package have been developed and used to validate the proposed methods. The experimental results show that the proposed method is promising for imaging two-phase flows in irregular structures.
Porous 3D graphene aerogel co-doped with nitrogen and sulfur for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Yinan , Hao Huilian , Lu Xuekun , Li Wenyao , He Guanjie , Shen Wenzhong , Shearing Paul R , Brett Dan J L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Heteroatom-doped carbon materials with a high specific area, a well-defined porous structure is important to high-performance supercapacitors (SCs). Here, S and N co-doped three-dimensional porous graphene aerogel (NS-3DPGHs) have been synthesized in a facile and efficient self-assembly process with thiourea acting as the reducing and doping agent solution. Operating as a SC electrode, fabricated co-doping graphene, i.e. the sample of NS-3DPGH-150 exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 412.9 F g−1 under 0.5 A g−1 and prominent cycle stabilization with 96.4% capacitance retention in the back of 10 000 cycles. Furthermore, based on NS-3DPGH-150, the symmetrical supercapacitor as-prepared in 6 M KOH displays a superior energy density of 12.9 Wh kg−1 under the power density of 249 W kg−1. Hence, NS-3DPGHs could be considered as an excellent candidate for SCs.
Ni(OH)2 derived Ni-MOF supported on carbon nanowalls for supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Jiahao , Wang Zizhun , Deng Ting , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are expected to be promising pseudocapacitve materials because of their potential redox sites and porous structures. Nevertheless, the conductivity inferiority of MOF strongly decreases their structural advantages, therefore resulting in unsatisfying electrochemical performance. Herein, we propose an efficient strategy to enhance conductivity and thus electrochemical properties, in Ni(OH)2 is electrochemically deposited on carbon nanowalls as the precursor for oriented MOF. The synthesized vertically oriented MOF sheets show an almost triple high capacitance of 677 F g−1 than MOF powder of 239 F g−1 at the current density of 2 A g−1. Correspondingly, an asymmetric supercapacitor is fabricated, which can deliver a maximum energy density of 20.7 Wh kg−1 and a maximum power density of 23 200 W kg−1. These promising results indicate that modulating the conductivity of MOF is the key step to pursuit upgrading electrochemical performance.
Optimal rare-earth (La, Y and Sm) doping conditions and enhanced mechanism for photocatalytic application of ceria nanorods
Authors: Xia Xuewen , Li Junqi , Chen Chaoyi , Lan Yuan-Pei , Mao Xisong , Bai Fusheng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Morphological tuning or additional cation doping is one of the potential and simple methods to enhance the photocatalytic properties of ceria, in which rare-earth element doped ceria nanorods (CeO2-RE NRs) are expected to be a promising photocatalyst with high activity. But the optimal doping conditions, including the variety and concentration of RE elements are ambiguous, and the contribution of doped RE ions to the enhancement of photocatalytic activity needs to be further studied. In this work, we doped La, Y and Sm with a wide range of 0%–30% into CeO2 NRs, and investigated the phase, morphology, band gap, oxygen vacancy concentration, PL spectra and photocatalytic activity variation under different doping conditions. All synthesized CeO2-RE NRs possessed a good nanorod morphology except the 15 and 30% Y-doped samples. The energy band gaps of the synthesized samples changed slightly; the 10% CeO2-RE NRs with the narrowest band gaps possessed the higher photocatalytic performance. The most outstanding photocatalyst was found to be the 10% Y-doped CeO2 NRs with a methylene blue photodegradation ratio of 85.59% and rate constant of 0.0134 min−1, which is particularly associated with a significant higher oxygen vacancy concentration and obviously lower recombination rate of photogenerated e−/h+ pairs. The doped RE ions and the promotion of oxygen vacancy generation impede the recombination of photogenerated carriers, which is proposed as the main reason to enhance the photocatalytic property of CeO2.
Highly epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7−δ
films grown on gradient La2−x
Gd
x
Zr2O7-buffered NiW-RABiTS using all sol–gel process
Authors: Li Limin , Lei Li , Zhao Gaoyang , Deng Bo , Yan Fuxue , Li Chengshan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The overall purpose of this work is to develop a reliable and low-cost technique for fabrication of coated conductors (CCs) on the flexible substrates, and to understand the effects of oriented growth and microstructure on the superconducting performance of CCs in-depth. The investigations of gradient La2−x
Gd
x
Zr2O7 buffer architecture and YBa2Cu3O7−δ
(YBCO) film on Ni-5at%W rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrate using all sol–gel process are reported. Combining x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, it is revealed that the gradient buffer architecture with increased lattice constant along the direction of film growth has an excellent c-axis orientation, while the inversed gradient architecture with decreased lattice constant shows the deteriorated orientation, indicating that the highly epitaxial growth mechanism most likely related to the interfacial lattice matching degree. The detailed analysis of YBCO films grown on gradient La2−x
Gd
x
Zr2O7 under different deposition parameters, and the influence of microstructure on electrical properties are systematically discussed using x-ray diffraction, rocking curve test, scanning electron microscopy and TEM observations. Finally, the excellent biaxial texture YBCO film on gradient La2−x
Gd
x
Zr2O7 buffer architecture is prepared at a proper heat-treatment temperature of 780 °C, and the full width at half maximum of ϕ-scan and ω-scan are 5.9° and 6.4°, respectively. The critical transition temperature T
c,onset of the as-prepared YBCO film is 90 K. With elevating the temperatures, the appearance of a large number of weak-link and amorphous regions, being indicative of the microstructural collapse, is mainly responsible for the reduced superconductivity.
Towards the optimisation of direct laser acceleration
Authors: Hussein A E , Arefiev A V , Batson T , Chen H , Craxton R S , Davies A S , Froula D H , Gong Z , Haberberger D , Ma Y , Nilson P M , Theobald W , Wang T , Weichman K , Williams G J , Willingale L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Experimental measurements using the OMEGA EP laser facility demonstrated direct laser acceleration (DLA) of electron beams to (505 ± 75) MeV with (140 ± 30) nC of charge from a low-density plasma target using a 400 J, picosecond duration pulse. Similar trends of electron energy with target density are also observed in self-consistent two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The intensity of the laser pulse is sufficiently large that the electrons are rapidly expelled along the laser pulse propagation axis to form a channel. The dominant acceleration mechanism is confirmed to be DLA and the effect of quasi-static channel fields on energetic electron dynamics is examined. A strong channel magnetic field, self-generated by the accelerated electrons, is found to play a comparable role to the transverse electric channel field in defining the boundary of electron motion.
Closed-loop EEG study on visual recognition during driving
Authors: Aydarkhanov Ruslan , Ušćumlić Marija , Chavarriaga Ricardo , Gheorghe Lucian , del R Millán José 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective. In contrast to the classical visual brain–computer interface (BCI) paradigms, which adhere to a rigid trial structure and restricted user behavior, electroencephalogram (EEG)-based visual recognition decoding during our daily activities remains challenging. The objective of this study is to explore the feasibility of decoding the EEG signature of visual recognition in experimental conditions promoting our natural ocular behavior when interacting with our dynamic environment. Approach. In our experiment, subjects visually search for a target object among suddenly appearing objects in the environment while driving a car-simulator. Given that subjects exhibit an unconstrained overt visual behavior, we based our study on eye fixation-related potentials (EFRPs). We report on gaze behavior and single-trial EFRP decoding performance (fixations on visually similar target vs. non-target objects). In addition, we demonstrate the application of our approach in a closed-loop BCI setup. Main results. To identify the target out of four symbol types along a road segment, the BCI system integrated decoding probabilities of multiple EFRP and achieved the average online accuracy of 0.37 ± 0.06 (12 subjects), statistically significantly above the chance level. Using the acquired data, we performed a comparative study of classification algorithms (discriminating target vs. non-target) and feature spaces in a simulated online scenario. The EEG approaches yielded similar moderate performances of at most 0.6 AUC, yet statistically significantly above the chance level. In addition, the gaze duration (dwell time) appears to be an additional informative feature in this context. Significance. These results show that visual recognition of sudden events can be decoded during active driving. Therefore, this study lays a foundation for assistive and recommender systems based on the driver’s brain signals.
Transition from no-ELM response to pellet ELM triggering during pedestal build-up—insights from extended MHD simulations
Authors: Futatani S. , Cathey A. , Hoelzl M. , Lang P.T. , Huijsmans G.T.A. , Dunne M. , JOREK Team the , ASDEX Upgrade Team the , EUROfusion MST1 Team the 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Pellet edge localized mode (ELM) triggering is a well-established scheme for decreasing the time between two successive ELM crashes below its natural value. Reliable ELM pacing has been demonstrated experimentally in several devices, increasing the ELM frequency considerably. However, it was also shown that the frequency cannot be increased arbitrarily due to a so-called lag-time. During this time, after a preceding natural or triggered ELM crash, neither a natural ELM crash occurs nor is it possible to trigger an ELM crash by pellet injection. For this article, pellet ELM triggering simulations are advanced beyond previous studies in two ways. Firstly, realistic E × B and diamagnetic background flows are included. And secondly, the pellet is injected at different stages of the pedestal build-up. This allows us to recover the lag time for the first time in simulations and investigate it in detail. A series of nonlinear extended MHD simulations is performed to investigate the plasma dynamics resulting from an injection at different time points during the pedestal build-up. The experimentally observed lag-time is qualitatively reproduced. In particular, a sharp transition is observed between the regime where no ELMs can be triggered and the regime where pellet injection causes an ELM crash. Via variations of pellet parameters and injection time, the two regimes are studied and compared in detail, revealing pronounced differences in the nonlinear dynamics. The toroidal mode spectrum is significantly broader when an ELM crash is triggered, enhancing the stochasticity and therefore also the losses of thermal energy along magnetic field lines. In the heat fluxes to the divertor targets, pronounced toroidal asymmetries are observed. In the case of high injection velocities leading to deep penetration, the excitation of core modes like the 2/1 neoclassical tearing mode is also observed.
Atomic structural and electronic bandstructure calculations for borophene
Authors: Krowne Clifford M , Sha Xianwei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Density of states (DOS) and electronic bandstructure diagrams with ε(k) versus k are found for particular allotropes of borophene with much improved accuracy by ab initio quantum calculations using hybrid functionals of several types. The particular types of hybrid functionals are delineated in detail. Varying levels of k-point discretization are utilized to evaluate accuracy. Structural relaxation has been carefully applied prior to electronic bandstructure simulations. Results indicate whether or not one has regions in k-space which display Dirac type non-gapped behavior or parabolic gapped behavior. This work is required in order to determine what types of electronic uses 2D single atomic layer borophene is appropriate for in modern nanoscopic devices.
How I Diagnose Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Amador Catalina , Feldman Andrew L 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis review describes our approach to the diagnosis of all 4 anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) entities.MethodsALCLs are a group of CD30-positive mature T-cell lymphomas with similar morphologic and phenotypic characteristics but variable clinical and genetic features. They include systemic ALK-positive ALCL, systemic ALK-negative ALCL, primary cutaneous ALCL, and the recently described provisional entity breast implant–associated ALCL.ResultsIn cases with classic features, the diagnosis of ALCL is often straightforward. However, variant histology, the importance of clinical history, and multiple antigenic aberrancies all present challenges to accurate diagnosis and subclassification.ConclusionsA systematic approach to the diagnosis of ALCL and awareness of potential mimics are critical to avoid misdiagnosis. It is also crucial to correctly identify localized forms of ALCL to avoid classification as systemic ALCL and subsequent overtreatment.
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Hypertensive Patients
Authors: Wang Michael C , Lloyd-Jones Donald M 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Hypertension is a highly prevalent and causal risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Quantitative cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment is a new paradigm for stratifying hypertensive patients into actionable groups for clinical management and prevention of CVD. The large heterogeneity in hypertensive patients makes this evaluation complex, but recent advances have made CV risk assessment more feasible. In this review, we first describe the prognostic significance of various levels and temporal patterns of blood pressure (BP). We then discuss CV risk prediction equations and the rationale of taking global risk into account in hypertensive patients. Finally, we review several adjunctive biomarkers that may refine risk assessment in certain patients. We observe that, beyond individual cross-sectional measurements, both short-term and long-term BP patterns are associated with incident CVD; that current CV risk prediction performs well, and its incorporation into hypertension management is associated with potential population benefit; and that adjunctive biomarkers of target organ damage show the most promise in sequential screening strategies that target biomarker measurement to patients in whom the results are most likely to change clinical management. Implementation of quantitative risk assessment for CVD has been facilitated by tools and direct electronic health record integrations that make risk estimates accessible for counseling and shared decision making for CVD prevention. However, it should be noted that treatment does not return an individual to the risk of someone who never develops hypertension, underscoring the need for primordial prevention in addition to continued innovation in risk assessment.
Representation of Women on Plastic Surgery Journal Editorial Boards in the United States
Authors: Pflibsen Lacey R , Foley Brittany M , Bernard Robert W , Lee Gordon K , Neville Matthew R , Almader-Douglas Diana , Noland Shelley S 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
During the past decade, a growing number of women have pursued medical careers, including in plastic surgery. However, female physicians have tended to be underrepresented in a variety of leadership roles in their respective specialties.

Objectives
The authors sought to evaluate the representation of female plastic surgeons on the editorial boards of high-impact plastic surgery journals.

Methods
The gender of editorial board members on 3 high-impact plastic surgery journals was evaluated from 2009 and 2018. The number of women on each editorial board was then compared with the number of board-certified female plastic surgeons (BCFPS) and board-certified female academic plastic surgeons (BCFAPS), a subgroup of BCFPS.

Results
There were 555 unique editorial board members from Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Aesthetic Surgery Journal, and Annals of Plastic Surgery from 2009 to 2018. During that period, 72 editors (13.0%) were women. At the beginning of the study, there were significantly fewer female editors than expected based on proportionate representation of BCFPS and BCFAPS to all board-certified plastic surgeons (P = 0.007 and 0.007, respectively). During the study, there was a 177% increase in women holding editorial board positions. At study end, women were adequately represented on all 3 editorial boards compared with their population data (BCFPS and BCFAPS).

Conclusions
During the 10 years of this study (2009-2018), editorial boards have overcome the underrepresentation of women on, and female plastic surgeons are currently adequately represented on the top 3 high-impact journal editorial boards.