bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of propofol and midazolam on picrotoxin ( PTX)‐ induced convulsions in the rat.
Authors: Hasan Zuheir A 
Published: June 2021

Propofol , a short‐acting , intravenous anesthetic, has been used in the treatment of status epilepticus. However, reports of seizure‐like movements during either induction or recovery from propofol anesthesia promoted concerns that propofol may have proconvulsant effects in some patients.Our prior studies showed that propofol displays anticonvulsant effects in several seizures models at peak anesthetic effect. This study examines the time course of the effects of intravenous (i.v) administration of various doses of propofol and midazolam on seizures induced by intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of the convulsant PTX.Male Sprague‐Dawley rats (250–300 gm) were treated with PTX (4 mg/kg). Five min following PTX treatment, and before the onset of seizures, groups of rats (N=10), were given propofol (5, 10 , 20 mg /kg) or midazolam (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg) via a tail vein. Control rats had saline. Individual rats were placed in plexiglass cages and observed for two hours The latency to clonic seizures was recorded. Incidence of clonic and generalized tonic‐clonic seizures were recorded Mortality over 24 hours was also observed.The higher two doses of propofol and all doses of midazolam significantly increased the latency of clonic seizures. However, propofol did not significantly affect the incidence of generalized tonic‐clonic seizures. In contrast, the higher two doses of midazolam significantly reduced the incidence of generalized tonic‐clonic seizures and greatly reduced mortality. These findings suggest that midazolam was more effective than propofol in aborting PTX‐induced generalized tonic‐clonic seizure. Supported by a research grant from Arabian Gulf University.
Pharmacogenetics of warfarin safety and effectiveness in children
Authors: Shaw Kaitlyn , Amstutz Ursula , Hildebrand Claudette , Rassekh S. Rod , Dubé Marie‐Pierre , Hayden Michael R , Ross Colin J , Carleton Bruce C 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the contribution of CYP2C9/VKORC1 genotypes and variation in other genes involved in warfarin biotransformation and coagulation pathways to warfarin‐related outcomes in children. Furthermore, to validate the performance of a previously published pediatric pharmacogenetics‐dosing model when predicting the required dose in an independent cohort of children.MethodsClinical and genetic data was collected from 93 patients ≤18 years of age who received warfarin therapy. Genotyping was performed using a custom 96 SNP genotyping assay.ResultsTogether, VKORC1–1639G/A and CYP2C9 *2/*3 accounted for 21.1% of dose variability. There was a strong correlation (R2=0.64; P<0.001) between actual and predicted warfarin dose using a pediatric pharmacogenetics‐dosing model. VKORC1 genotype also had a significant impact on time to therapeutic INR (P=0.047), time to INR>;4 (P=0.028), and risk of over‐anticoagulation (INR>;4) during the initiation of therapy (odds ratio, 3.3; P=0.014). An additional variant in CYP2C9 (rs7089580) was significantly associated with warfarin dose in a multivariate model.ConclusionsThis study confirms the importance of VKORC1/CYP2C9 genotype for warfarin outcomes in children and validates a pediatric‐specific genotype‐based dosing algorithm. Research funding provided by CIHR‐DSEN and CFI.
INCREASED PRODUCTION OF THE ARACHIDONIC ACID METABOLITE 20‐HETE CONTRIBUTES TO HYPERTENSION‐INDUCED CEREBROVASCULAR ALTERATIONS
Authors: Toth Peter , Csiszar Anna , Sosnowska Danuta , Tucsek Zsuzsanna , Cseplo Peter , Springo Zsolt , Tarantini Stefano , Sonntag William E , Ungvari Zoltan , Koller Akos 
Published: June 2021

Hypertension increases oxidative stress and inflammation in cerebral arteries and impairs vasomotor function. We tested the hypothesis that increased production of the arachidonic acid metabolite 20‐hydroxy‐5,8,11,14‐eicosatetraenoic acid (20‐HETE) contributes to hypertension‐induced cerebrovascular alterations.Male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were treated with HET0016, an inhibitor of 20‐HETE synthesis. In middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) of SHRs vasomotor responses were obtained and cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cytokine expression and NF‐κB activation were assessed.Treated SHRs remained hypertensive, although their blood pressure was decreased compared to control SHRs. In MCAs of SHRs flow‐induced constriction was augmented and acetylcholine‐and ATP‐induced dilations were impaired. These alterations were reversed by HET0016. In MCAs of SHRs HET0016 decreased ROS level and inhibited inflammation and NF‐κB activation. Also, 20‐HETE significantly increased vascular production of ROS and promoted NF‐κB activation in cultured cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells.Inhibition of 20‐HETE synthesis in hypertension elicits reduction in blood pressure, anti‐oxidative, anti‐inflammatory effects and improve vasomotor function of cerebral arteries potentiating cerebrovascular protection.
Combined Effects of Streptozotocin and Doxorubicin on Cardiac Function in Rats
Authors: Greufe Stephanie Erin , Gibson Noah M , Hydock David S , Schneider Carole M , Hayward Reid 
Published: June 2021

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that affects over 25 million Americans. Large epidemiological studies have shown that individuals with diabetes are at increased risk of many types of cancer; including those often treated with the cardiotoxic anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX).PURPOSETo examine the combined effects of streptozotocin (STZ) ‐induced diabetes and DOX on cardiac function.METHODSTwenty four rats were given an injection of STZ in order to induce diabetes. Three days following STZ injection, diabetes was confirmed in 21 rats. Blood glucose (BG) was measured each week for 10 weeks at which time 7 rats received a DOX (10 mg/kg) injection and the remaining received a saline (SAL) injection. Cardiac function was assessed both in vivo and ex vivo 5 days post injections. Controls of identical age were used in the statistical analysis.RESULTSFractional shortening, left ventricular developed pressure and end systolic pressure all decreased significantly (p<.05) in STZ animals. STZ + DOX animals showed additional declines (p<.05) compared to STZ alone and DOX alone.CONCLUSIONBoth STZ and DOX independently induced cardiac dysfunction and this dysfunction was exacerbated when these two were combined. This suggests that diabetes may be a complicating factor when considering DOX‐induced cardiac dysfunction in cancer patients undergoing treatment with this chemotherapeutic agent.
Exercise enhances inotropic responsiveness of cardiac myocytes
Authors: Galvin Amy , Kohler Jacob , Foster‐Bey Lianna , Kim JinSun , Bailey Beth A. 
Published: June 2021

Exercise‐induced cardiac structural and functional remodeling has recently been shown to vary between the sexes. In this study we sought to examine the sex‐based differences in the cardiac remodeling after swim training.MethodsMale and female Swiss Webster mice swam for 70 minutes two times daily for 4 weeks. Myocytes were isolated from control male (CM) and control female (CF) and swim‐trained male (STM) and swim‐trained female (STF) mice, field stimulated, and Fluo‐3 transients and sarcomere shortening were measured.ResultsSwim training resulted in significant cardiac hypertrophy in both males and females (16% and 12%, respectively). STF myocytes exhibited lower basal contractile properties (2Hz, 1.5mM Ca) compared to CF (% resting sarcomere length 4.5±.29% STF vs 7.1±.31% CF; fluo‐3 fluorescence 1.66±.04 STF vs 2.18±.09CF) while there were no differences between CM and STM contractile properties. Contractile reserve responses of myocytes were studied by application of isoproterenol (ISO, 10−7M). ISO caused a significantly greater increase in the contractile properties of STF (333±37%) and STM (325±39%) myocytes than in CF (209±13%) or CM (230±29%) myocytes.ConclusionSwim training induces physiological cardiac hypertrophy and causes increased contractile responses to catecholamines in both males and females which should enhance cardiac pump function during exercise.
Hydration status and sodium balance of endurance runners consuming post‐exercise supplements with varying macronutrient contents
Authors: Johnson Evan Carl , Favero Jeffery Del , Monteleone Andrew , Pryor John Luke , Armstrong Lawrence E , Rodriguez Nancy R 
Published: June 2021

Post‐exercise protein supplementation may aid in recovery, however beef snacks contain up to 1000 mg of sodium (Na+); this may alter hydration status and total‐body Na+ balance.ObjectiveDetermine effects of post‐exercise beef jerky consumption on hydration status and Na+ balance.MethodsEight trained males (age = 22±3y, V̇O2max = 66 ± 4 mL·kg−1·min−1) completed three identical weeks of run training (6±0.3 run·wk−1, 45±6min·run−1, 74±5% HRR). After exercise, subjects consumed a carbohydrate beverage (CHO), beef jerky (B), or carbohydrate beverage + beef jerky (CHO+B) in a counterbalanced design. Hydration status was assessed via urinary biomarkers and body mass. Na+ balance = Na+ intake (diet records) − Na+ loss (24h urine collection) − sweat Na+ loss (whole‐body rinse).ResultsNo differences main effects of treatment were observed for 24h urine volume (CHO, 1.7±0.5; B, 1.8±0.6; CHO+B, 1.4±0.4 L/d), urine specific gravity (USG; 1.016±0.005, 1.018±0.006, 1.017±0.006) or body mass (68.4±8.2, 68.3±7.7, 68.2±8.0 kg). No main effect of treatment existed for Na+ intake‐loss (−713±1486; −973±1123; −980±1220 mg·d−1).ConclusionsA high protein/Na+ post‐exercise supplement imparted no measurable change of hydration status or Na+ balance. Urinary Na+ excretion accounted for the daily Na+ intake due to B. Endogenous Na+ storage may explain negative Na+ balances of CHO, B and CHO+B.
Cardiovascular and autonomic responses to stressors following 6 hours of water immersion
Authors: Florian John P , Simmons Erin E , Chon Ki H , Faes Luca , Shykoff Barbara E 
Published: June 2021

The physiological responses to water immersion (WI) are known; however, the responses to stress following WI are not well‐characterized. Ten healthy men were exposed to three stressors before and after completing a 6‐hr resting WI: 1) 2‐min cold pressor test (CP), 2) static handgrip test (HG) to fatigue at 40% of max strength followed by forearm occlusion, and 3) a 15‐min 70° head‐up tilt test (HUT). Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (SBP, DBP), cardiac output (Q), limb blood flow (BF), stroke volume (SV), systemic, calf, or forearm vascular resistance (SVR, CVR, FVR), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and frequency (low, LF; high, HF; normalized, n) domain measures of heart rate variability (HRV) were measured. CP: Post‐WI HR, SBP, SV, Q, calf BF, LFnHRV, and LF/HFHRV were lower, and CVR and HFnHRV were higher, than pre‐WI values (p<0.05). HG: Max strength and endurance was not affected by WI. HR, SBP, SV, Q, and calf BF were lower, and SVR and CVR were higher, than pre‐WI values (p<0.05). During occlusion, HFnHRV increased from baseline after WI only, and post‐WI LFnHRV was lower than pre‐WI values (p<0.05). HUT: Post‐WI SBP, DBP, SV, forearm BF, and BRS were lower, and HR, FVR, LF/HFHRV, and LFnHRV were higher, than pre‐WI values (p<0.05). The changes suggest differential activation/depression during CP and HG (↓sympathetic/↑parasympathetic) and HUT (↑sympathetic/↓parasympathetic) following WI.Support: ONR and NAVSEA DSBDP
Use of a composite scoring system as a predictor of success in graduate school in a Hispanic‐serving institution
Authors: Appleyard Caroline B , Pacheco Wendy I , Noel Richard J , Porter James T 
Published: June 2021

Individual basic criteria (eg. GRE, GPA) commonly used by graduate school admissions committees are often not suitable predictors for success at our institution, possibly due to differences in language and culture. Therefore we developed a composite score (CS) which uses evidence‐based predictors of success to evaluate our incoming applicants to better identify high caliber candidates that are likely to succeed in our program.AimTest the validity of our CS to predict student success in graduate school.MethodsWe developed a CS that assigns numerical values for GPA, GRE, research experience, advanced coursework/degrees, presentations, and publications. We calculated CS for students admitted into our program (2002–2010) and compared these to successful outcomes.ResultsThe average CS was significantly higher in those students completing the graduate program versus drop‐outs (p<0.003) and correlated with success in competing for fellowships and a shorter time to thesis defense. In contrast GPA, SGPA, or GRE did not predict these outcomes.ConclusionsThe CS provides us with a quantitative measure of some of the qualitative factors that better determines the success of the students in our program and allows improved evaluation and selection of the most promising students. R25GM082406
logic of healthy lifestyle and preventive medicine
Authors: Dalenov Erbolat , Abduldayeva Aigul , Slivkina Nataliya 
Published: June 2021

Examination the practice of medical control and prevention of diseases in the Northern region of Kazakhstan (based on survey of 25,000 people.), allows us to offer the following specific theoretical and practical measures to maintain health, and to prevent diseases, depending on health status of each person :
further improvement of the theoretical and practical foundations of a healthy lifestyle among the population;
study the individual health status(diagnostics of health, psychological status, state valeostasis, valeogenezis and valeokinezis);
prenozoologic diagnosis (adaptive capabilities, in terms of diagnosis the functional systems, prediction of individual health);
creation of conception for primary, secondary and tertiary prevention;
improving the prevention of critical periods of health deviation (a) rejection and maintain health during the prenatal period, b) postnatal development, c) reject the health of preschool aged children, d) the deviation of school‐age children's health, and e) the deviation in the health of adolescents and young people; e) deviation of reproductive health, g) deviations health during retirement age, h) the deviation of health in old and senile).
Creating a system of improvement based on the individual health state;
creation of a new level the organizational, educational, scientific foundations of integrated and preventive medicine.
Anatomical variability of the sphenopalatine artery region
Authors: Polev Georgy Alexander , Dydykin Sergey Sergeevich 
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was anatomical description of sphenopalatine foramen region during endoscopic dissection on cadaveric specimen and modification of endoscopic approach to the sphenopalatine artery and its variable branches. Special attention was dedicated to find stable anatomical landmarks, allowing surgeon to orientate in such complex region. Every dissection was performed transnasally endoscopically in a submucoperiosteal fassion. Following anatomical structures were estimated:
Presense and structure of palatal bone perpendicular plate ethmoidal crest (crista ethmoidalis).
Location and shape of shpenopalatine foramen (SPF), containing sphenopalatine vasculonervous bundle.
Presense and location of accessory foramen (foramen accessorium).
Amount and location of sphenopalatine artery (SPA) branches.
ResultsEthmoidal crest of different size and shape appeared in 100% cases, in most cases anteriorly from the sphenopalatine foramen. Sphenopalatine foramen appeared to localize on the boundery between middle and inferior meata in 87%, ethmoidal crest assumed as a border, partially dividing the foramen. Second most often location of SPF was superior meatus (13%), in these cases ethmodial crest located anteriorly from the SPF.In 35 of 60 cases (58,3%) sphenopalatine artery appeared as a single vessel, running through the SPF. In 11 cases (18,3%) 2 branches revealed in SPF, in 14 cases (23,3%) – 3 branches. Herewith the biggest branch located just behind the ethmoidal crest, and accessory branches – in the superior meatus, posteriorly to it.Knowledge of the sphenopalatine artery region anatomical variability will improve endoscopic surgical procedure effectiveness in cases of nasal cavity tumours and posterior epistaxis surgery.
The sternalis muscle and its clinical significance
Authors: Snosek Michael , Tubbs Shane , Loukas Marios 
Published: June 2021

The sternalis muscle is a well documented but rare muscular variation of the anterior chest wall. It lies between the superficial fascia and the pectoral fascia, and is found in 3–6% of the population. It presents in varied morphological variants both in unilateral and bilateral fashion and has no apparent physiological function. Much disagreement still exists about its nerve supply and embryological origin. With the advent of medical imaging and thoracic surgery the clinical importance of this muscle has been re‐emphasized. The sternalis muscle has been implicated in misdiagnosis of breast masses on routine mammograms due to its parasternal location and relative unfamiliarity with radiologists. When undetected prior to any thoracic surgery, it has the potential to interfere with and prolong such procedures. When present and detected it can be used as a muscular flap in reconstructive surgeries of the breast and neck. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta‐analysis on the sternalis muscle with special emphasis on its anatomy, embryology, clinical implications and potential iatrogenic complications.Grant Funding Source: SGU
Assessing the Effect of Eye Regression on Light‐Mediated Activity in a Model Fish Species
Authors: Carlson Brian Matthew , Gross Joshua B. 
Published: June 2021

Coordination of biological processes with external cues is necessary for the success and survival of most organisms. Diverse taxa employ sunlight to entrain rhythmic clock gene expression, influencing patterns in activity and other biological outputs. Visual systems play an important role in receiving and transducing photic signals. Damage, malformation or regression of the eyes can reduce or eliminate an organism's capacity to integrate such cues, potentially causing a decoupling of biological outputs from photic cycles and a breakdown in circadian rhythmicity. We aimed to assess the effect of eye regression on coordination of activity patterns with light cycles in Astyanax mexicanus. This model fish system consists of a blind cave‐dwelling morphotype and a surface morphotype with a functional visual system. Our results indicate cave morphs retain the ability to sync activity with photic cues, though responses differ from the surface form in amplitude and polarity. These results suggest that, despite visual system regression, cavefish retain the capacity for extraocular photoreception. Research supported by University of Cincinnati University Research Council and Dept. of Biological Sciences.Grant Funding Source: University of Cincinnati
Proteomic Study of Reversible Cysteine Oxidation in Catalase Overexpressing Mice on a Western Diet
Authors: Yao Chunxiang , Behring Jessical B. , Humar Vikas , Siwik Deborah A. , McComb Mark E. , Costello Catherine E. , Colucci Wilson S. , Cohen Richard A. , Bachschmid Markus M. 
Published: June 2021

The C57BL/6J mouse fed a Western diet high in fat and sucrose (HFHS) develops obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cardiac dysfunction. Cardiac overexpression of catalase (CatTG), an enzyme that detoxifies cellular hydrogen peroxide, may protect heart from metabolic disease. Hydrogen peroxide introduces oxidative post‐translational modifications on cysteine residues, which significantly impact cardiovascular pathophysiology. Using novel cysteine reactive iodo‐tandem mass tags (iodoTMT) in a switch assay combined with high resolution mass spectrometry, global changes in reversible cysteine oxidation of cardiac proteome were observed in heart lysates from wild type (WT) mice fed a control or HFHS diet for 8 months. By measuring the total amount of available and reversibly oxidized cysteines, we determined the site occupancy, which correlates to the regulatory role of the modified cysteine. Our initial studies indicated that mitochondrial proteins were the preferred target, with major thiols redox perturbations in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain component proteins. The current study assesses whether changes are altered in CatTG animals. Our studies are providing new insights into targets of oxidative post‐translational modification on cardiac proteins that may serve as potential biomarkers for metabolic cardiovascular disease.NHLBI HHSN268201000031C
Dietary variety is associated with Metabolic Syndrome in a community‐based sample of adults
Authors: Gonçalves Lívia Souza , Burini Roberto Carlos , McLellan Katia Cristina Portero 
Published: June 2021

Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of pathologies having inadequate diet as a major risk factor. The aim of this paper was to establish properly cut off points for HEI components for a brazilian‐community adults eating frequent monotonous inadequate diet in association with the presence of MetS. Cross sectional study 645 adults (52.8±10.9 years old, 78.3% of women) were selected for a lifestyle changing program. Anthropometric, clinical, biochemical and dietary assessments were undertaken in all participants. MetS diagnosis was based on NCEP ATPIII criteria. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve were used to identify the sensitivity and specificity of the best cut off point for servings of food and dietary variety as a predictor of MetS. Statistical analysis were performed with p<0.05. Dietary variety was positively associated with MetS and plasma glucose concentration. Logistic regression showed a protective effect of variety against MetS (OR: 0.622; CI: 0.413–0.935) even after adjusted for confounders such as sex, age and total caloric intake (OR: 0.618; CI: 0.409–0.936). ROC curve identified the best cutoff point for variety of 11.5 items to predict MetS (58% sensitivity, 54% specificity). These findings suggest that the new cutoff point for variety for the AHEI was more effective to predict MetS for this community‐based sample.Supported by: CAPES, CNPq
Antecedents of school meal consumption patterns among primaryschool children
Authors: Nichols Selby SD , Paul‐Morris Natalie , Francis Marlon 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the antecedents of meal consumption patterns among recipients of lunches provided by the National Schools Dietary Services Limited (NSDSL) of Trinidad and Tobago.MethodA random 10% of schools in one of the four zones served by NSDSL participated in the investigation. Weighed records were made of 60 specially marked lunch boxes from the total meal quota for each. Students receiving these boxes were asked to return them to the NDSL personnel on completion of their meal. The amounts of meat, staple/grain and vegetable remaining were weight ant this was subtracted from the original amounts to determine the amounts of the particular components consumed.Result650 students participated in the survey. Overall 63% of participants consumed 75% or more of lunches. Males were significantly more like than females to consumer over 75% of meals. Participants ranked taste smell and appearance as major determinants of them liking the meal. Consumption of meal components varied in decreasing order as follows: meat, staple/grain and vegetables. Meals consumption pattern was also associated with age of the child, racial/ethnic group and the menu served.ConclusionOverall consumption of school lunched among participants was associated with type of meals served, age of recipient, racial/ethnic group, and gender.