bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and molecular characterization of Pratylenchus species from Yam (Dioscorea spp.) in West Africa
Authors: Kolombia Yao A. , Ogundero Oluwadamilola , Olajide Emmanuel , Viaene Nicole , Kumar P. Lava , Coyne Danny L. , Bert Wim 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The root-lesion nematodes (RLN), Pratylenchus spp., are among the major plant-parasitic nematodes affecting yam (Dioscorea spp.) production in West Africa. The distribution and diversity of RLN species associated with yam was investigated through a soil and tuber survey of the main producing areas in Nigeria and Ghana. Pratylenchus spp. were detected in the yam rhizosphere in 59% of 81 soil samples from Ghana and 39% of 114 soil samples from Nigeria. Pratylenchus spp. were detected in 24 of 400 tubers examined, in combination with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and their associated damage of galls and crazy roots (79%), and with yam nematode (Scutellonema bradys) and their associated damage of dry rot (17%), although no specific additional symptoms were observed for Pratylenchus spp. Species of Pratylenchus were identified by their morphological features and by sequences of the D2-D3 region of the 28 S rDNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI). Pratylenchus brachyurus was the most frequent RLN species in both the rhizosphere and tubers of yam. Pratylenchus hexincisus was recovered from one tuber collected in Nigeria. While further investigations are required to establish the host status of yam for this nematode, this appears to be the first record of P. hexincisus on yam. The present taxonomical status of P. scribneri and P. hexincisus is discussed.
Synergistic Two-Way Interactions of Dietary Polyphenols and Dietary Components on the Gut Microbial Composition: Is There a Positive, Negative, or Neutralizing Effect in the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Diseases?
Authors: Swallah Mohammed Sharif , Yu Hansong , Piao Chunhong , Fu Hongling , Yakubu Zakari , Sossah Frederick Leo 
Published: January 2021

:
Polyphenol is an intricate bioactive molecule abundant in human/animal’s diet particularly plant foods, and has
been evidenced in numerous reports with health-promoting functions, owing to its possessed free radical scavenging
properties and a broad spectrum of bioactivities. However, the beneficial functions are linked and restricted to
bioavailability, which is dictated by the diversity of the gut microbiota. The human/animal’s gut harbours a complex
community of trillions of microbial species and their symbiotic relationship goes beyond mere aiding the host’s digestive
system, with important functions such as host nutrition and health by encouraging nutrient metabolism and absorption,
regulation of the gastrointestinal development, protection against pathogens, maintenance of the gut mucosal barrier
functions and host immune system. The disruption of the gut community (i.e., dysbiosis) is suggested to reflect several
pathological processes, such as diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic-related comorbidities. Recent improvements in deepsequencing technologies and bioinformatics have enabled a more complex understanding of the reciprocal interactions of
dietary polyphenols and gut microbiota, as well as their metabolic impact. Hence this review seeks to discuss the two-way
synergistic interactions of dietary polyphenols and dietary constituents on the gut microbial composition with an updated
and pivotal finding from literature suggesting whether these interactions depict a positive, negative, or neutralizing effect in
the prevention of metabolic diseases.
Live Cells Extracts of Freshly Cut Chicken and Baby Sprouts of Mung
Beans Detected with UV Absorption and Proton NMR Spectra
Authors: Pandian G. Soundra 
Published: January 2021

Background:
This article discloses information related to a recent patent filed by the
author on extracts of freshly cut farm birds and animals.

Objective:
The objective was to evaluate “Liquid-Protein” extracts obtained from live cells of
protein-rich meat of farm birds or animals as well as from baby plants of pulses.

Method:
Freshly cut meat pieces or sprouts of pulses were put in water and pulse-heated for
30 minutes. The nutritious water extract of these was taken that contained amino-acids/proteins
and some signaling chemicals emitting from the stressed live cells.

Results:
The heat-stressed animal cells (of Chicken) released creatine and many other nutrients in
the extract along with Guanosine triphosphate/Guanosine diphosphate/ Guanosine monophosphate/
Inosine Mono Phosphate (GTP/GDP/ GMP/IMP), showing a UV absorption peak at 249
nm. This paper analyses the UV-Visual Absorption spectra and proton NMR data for the extracts.
It is disclosed that the vegetarian baby plant cells of pulse seeds released (ATP) Adenosine
Tri Phosphate (264 nm peak) along with Resveratrol (306 nm peak) but did not produce creatine,
and such an extract exhibited side effects.

Conclusion:
Cells of birds/animals are similar to those of humans, and the signaling chemicals in
the non-vegetarian extract are non-toxic and 100% compatible with humans as compared to plant
cell extracts with incompatible chemicals.
Since meat cells manage to “live” for longer than 10 hours without blood/oxygen supply, in anaerobic
cell respiration involving creatine and GTP/GDP/GMP/IMP, the extract of these meat
cells plays a key role in metabolic cell repair, inducing anti-aging effects in humans.
Bridge Safety Analysis Based on the Function of Exceptional Vehicle Transit Speed
Authors: Ventura Roberto , Barabino Benedetto , Vetturi David , Maternini Giulio 
Published: January 2021

Background:The road management agencies often prescribe very low-speed limits for exceptional vehicles transiting on the deck. These restrictions aim to reduce the dynamic effects due to the vehicle-bridge interaction because it is assumed that these effects increase with speed. However, sometimes, a reduction in speed increases the encounter probability of two exceptional vehicles travelling in opposite directions and this could compromise the safety of the bridge when the total masses of both vehicles exceed the bridge bearing capacity (or limit mass).Objective:While the literature has investigated the encounter probability in a theoretical way and has investigated the vehicle-bridge interaction, especially in terms of dynamic load increment, to the best of our knowledge, no study has investigated the conjunction probability of encounters and of exceeding the limit mass also by using real data. This paper aims to cover this gap by proposing an integrated model that computes the “Annual Probability of Failure”of the bridge, defined as the likelihood to exceed the “Limit Mass" of the deck when two opposite exceptional vehicles encounter.Methods:According to the probability theory, the “Annual Probability of Failure”can be obtained by multiplying the likelihood that during the reference year, at least once, two exceptional vehicles, travelling in two opposite directions (ascendant and descendant), will be simultaneously on the bridge deck (“Annual probability of encounter”) with the likelihood that the sum of the single masses of two exceptional vehicles randomly extracted from the sample, including the dynamic effects, exceeds the limit massml(“Probability of exceeding the limit mass”).Results:The results show that the probability of encounter increases with both the exceptional vehicles flow rate and the length of the span, whereas it decreases with the passing speed. The probability of exceeding the limit mass increases with speed. Nevertheless, by combining both the probabilities, these results suggest the existence of an “Optimal Speed”, which minimizes the “Annual Probability of Failure”.Conclusion:The existence of an “Optimal Speed” should be considered when defining the exceptional vehicle transit rules on bridges as well as the speed limit.
Investigation of Radiolabeling Efficacy by Enhancement of the Chemical
form of no Carrier Added 177Lu Isolated by Electro Amalgamation Process
Authors: Salek Nafise , Vosoughi Sara , Arani Simindokht Shirvani , Samani Ali Bahrami , Maragheh Mohammad Ghannadi 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Due to the suitable nuclear decay characteristics, 177Lu is an attractive radionuclide for various therapeutic applications. The non-carrier added form of 177Lu has drawn many attention because of its high specific activity needed in radiolabeling studies. There have been several separation methods for NCA 177Lu production.

Objectives:
Among the various separation methods, the electro-amalgamation separation method has got a large potential for large scale production. Li presence is a significant problem in this separation method, which seriously affects the radiolabeling efficiency.

Method:
In this study, Li was separated from the final product of electro-amalgamation separation by adding an ion-exchange chromatography column to the separation process.

Results:
NCA 177Lu was obtained by 84.09% ELM separation yield, 99.9% radionuclide purity and, 65 Ci/g specific activity. Then, 177Lu (177LuCl3 chemical form) was separated from Li using the ion exchange chromatography method by a separation yield of 94%. The obtained results of the radiolabeling efficacy studies showed that the radiochemical purity and radio-complex stability were significantly increased by separating of NCA 177Lu from Li.

Conclusion:
This new separation setup consisting of two steps allows using 177Lu of such a favorable quality for labeling studies.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceuticals through Bulk and Mesoporous g-C3N4/TiO2 Systems
Authors: Chávez-Villanueva Jonathan , Hernández-Uresti Diana , Vázquez Alejandro , Obregón Sergio 
Published: January 2021

Background:
In recent years, pharmaceutical pollutants have emerged as a growing threat
to the environment. To mitigate this situation, heterogeneous photocatalysis has been considered a
promising advanced oxidation technology, where TiO2-based systems have exhibited outstanding efficiency
in the degradation of organic compounds.

Objective:
In this work, we have studied the photocatalytic performance of the coupled g-C3N4/TiO2
system in the degradation of the pharmaceuticals tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and ibuprofen. Moreover,
the effect of the graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was examined through the study of two different
samples, a bulk g-C3N4 prepared from the direct calcination of melamine and a mesoporous g-C3N4
synthesized through a nanocasting process using SBA-15 silica as hard template.

Methods:
The hybrid photocatalysts were prepared by forced hydrolysis of titanium isopropoxide using
two g-C3N4 samples, a bulk material and a mesoporous one. The samples were characterized by
X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier-Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and N2 adsorption-desorption measurements.
The photocatalytic activity was examined through the degradation of tetracycline, ciprofloxacin,
and ibuprofen under simulated solar irradiation.

Results:
The textural properties of g-C3N4 play a preponderant role in the photoactivity of the g-
C3N4/TiO2 system. In this sense, high dispersion of the TiO2 nanoparticles could be obtained using a
mesoporous g-C3N4 sample. All hybrid photocatalysts exhibit higher degradation rates than the pristine
materials, including bare TiO2. In this regard, the samples with 1 wt.% g-C3N4 attained the highest
photocatalytic performance in the degradation of tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and ibuprofen.

Conclusion:
The coupling of TiO2 with graphitic carbon nitride leads to the formation of hybrid photocatalysts
with outstanding photoactive properties in the degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants. In
this way, the g-C3N4/TiO2 samples can be considered as excellent photocatalysts for the degradation
of organic pollutants.
Nanotechnology Advancements in the Diagnosis and Prevention of COVID-19: Past and Future
Authors: Corrie Leander , Gundaram Raghunandan , Kukatil Latha 
Published: January 2021

:
Since the start of the decade, the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] pandemic has
disrupted the world's healthcare system. Scientists have been engaged to bring about a therapeutic
agent to help combat the dreaded disease. Many researchers have shown antivirals such as Remdesivir
and Favipiravir to be effective in the treatment; however, these drugs have a short half-life.
Hence, the need for a drug delivery system that could prolong or alter their effect by increasing the
potency of antivirals or vaccines has been proposed. Nanotechnology has always been at the forefront
of developing and diagnosing diseases. The idea of which can be borrowed to treat the novel
coronavirus. The applicability needs to be vast as the disease has spread, and a fast, reliable, effective
therapeutic and diagnostic procedure is the need of the hour. Emphasis on nanotechnology usage
through the intranasal and pulmonary route has been given and various applications have also
been discussed in this review.
Dynamic inverse piezo-effect problem for a long piezoceramic thermoelastic cylinder
Authors: Kalmova M. A. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. The objective of this work is to solve an unrelated dynamic problem of thermoelectroelasticity for a long hollow piezoceramic cylinder under the action of an electric load on its surfaces in the form of a potential difference.Methods. The mathematical formulation of the considered problem of thermoelectroelasticity includes a system of non-selfadjoint differential equations. At the first stage, the authors consider the associated inverse piezoelectric effect problem without taking into account the influence of the temperature field, and at the next stage, study the hyperbolic heat conduction problem (Lord–Shulman theory) for a given (defined) electroelastic field.Result. A new closed solution to the dynamic inverse piezoelectric effect problem for a long piezoceramic thermoelastic cylinder is constructed. The case of the action of a dynamic electric load in the form of a potential difference on its front surfaces is considered. The ambient temperature and the law of convection heat transfer (3-kind boundary condition) are set. The calculated relations obtained using the generalized method of finite integral transformations allow determining the stress-strain state and thermoelectric fields induced in a piezoceramic element under an arbitrary electrical external influence.Conclusion. The constructed solution allows determining the stress-strain state and electric field in a piezoceramic cylinder, as well as analyzing the effect of the induced temperature field on the electroelastic state of the system under consideration using the hyperbolic Lord–Shulman theory of thermal conductivity. Analysis of the numerical results allows concluding that there are insignificant energy losses associated with heating the electroelastic system. The developed calculation algorithm is used in the design of non-resonant and resonant piezoelectric measuring devices.
Boogaloo, Baby!: They Made It Great
Authors: Rehn Jensen , Poerio Giana , Diaz Jacob 
Published: January 2021

Vol 2. No. 1 (2020)
With contributions by Brianna E. Jenkins.
This issue of SourceLab introduces readers to the history of boogaloo, a Latin dance and musical movement.
This publication is part of the digital documentary edition series SourceLab, based at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Our Editorial Board conducts rigorous peer-review of every edition.
Effectiveness of Interactive Tools in Online Health Care Communities: Social Exchange Theory Perspective
Authors: Ren Dixuan , Ma Baolong 
Published: January 2021

Background
Although the COVID-19 pandemic will have a negative effect on China’s economy in the short term, it also represents a major opportunity for internet-based medical treatment in the medium and long term. Compared with normal times, internet-based medical platforms including the Haodf website were visited by 1.11 billion people, the number of new registered users of all platforms increased by 10, and the number of new users’ daily consultations increased by 9 during the pandemic. The continuous participation of physicians is a major factor in the success of the platform, and economic return is an important reason for physicians to provide internet-based services. However, no study has provided the effectiveness of interactive tools in online health care communities to influence physicians’ returns.

Objective
The effect of internet-based effort on the benefits and effectiveness of interactive effort tools in internet-based health care areas remains unclear. Thus, the goals of this study are to examine the effect of doctors’ internet-based service quality on their economic returns during COVID-19 social restrictions, to examine the effect of mutual help groups on doctors’ economic returns during COVID-19 social restrictions, and to explore the moderating effect of disease privacy on doctors’ efforts and economic returns during COVID-19 social restrictions.

Methods
On the basis of the social exchange theory, this study establishes an internet-based effort exchange model for doctors. We used a crawler to download information automatically from Haodf website. From March 5 to 7, 2020, which occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic in China, cross-sectional information of 2530 doctors were collected.

Results
Hierarchical linear regression showed that disease privacy (β=.481; P<.001), reputation (β=.584; P<.001), and service quality (β=.560; P<.001) had a significant positive effect on the economic returns of the physicians. The influence of mutual help groups on earnings increases with an increase in the degree of disease privacy (β=.189; P<.001), indicating that mutual help groups have a stronger effect on earnings when patients ask questions about diseases regarding which they desire privacy.

Conclusions
For platform operators, the results of this study can help the platform understand how to improve doctors’ economic returns, especially regarding helping a specific doctor group improve its income to retain good doctors. For physicians on the platform, this study will help doctors spend their limited energy and time on tools that can improve internet-based consultation incomes. Patients who receive internet-based health care services extract information about a doctor based on the doctor’s internet-based efforts to understand the doctor’s level of professionalism and personality to choose the doctor they like the most. The data used in this study may be biased or not representative of all medical platforms, as they were collected from a single website.
ANTHOCYANIN FROM BAUHINIA PURPUREA FLOWER: EXTRACTION, COLOR CHARACTERISTICS AND STABILITY
Authors: Marpaung Abdullah Muzi , Djani Darinda Pusha , Rahmawati Della 
Published: January 2021

The determination of the best temperature (45, 60, and 75°C ) and time (30, 75, and 120 minutes) to extract the anthocyanins from Bauhinia purpurea (BP) flower powder was studied. The anthocyanin was extracted using 40 ml of 1 N HCl/g powder with continuous shaking. Based on the total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA), the best extraction temperature and time were 45°C and 30 minutes, respectively. The BP extract exhibited relatively high red color intensity (CI) at pH ≤ 3 and almost colorless at pH 4 – 6. Meanwhile, at pH ≥ 7, the color was unsuitable for food applications due to the high browning index. Hence, the best performance of BP extract was at pH 3. At this pH, the stability of BP extract was relatively high with the t 1/2 of CI and TMA at 30°C was 70.30 and 72.89 days, respectively. Nevertheless, the extract was sensitive to heat as represented by the high activation energy (Ea). The Ea of CI and TMA was 64.50 kJ.mol-1 and 90.19 kJ.mol-1, respectively. The study showed the potential of BP extract as a red food colorant at pH 3 processed by relatively mild heat treatment.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN TROPONIN I LEVEL WITH CORRECTED THROMBOLYSIS IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION FRAME COUNT IN PATIENTS WHOSE UNDERWENT PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: A SINGLE CENTER STUDY
Authors: SYAFRI MASRUL , DARWIN ERYATI , YERIZEL ETI , HARDISMAN  
Published: January 2021

Objective: There were studies reported about the correlation between troponin I with scale of myocardial infarction (MI) area. However, the effect of revascularization into the coronary flow has not been reported. We aim to determine the correlation between high sensitivity troponin I and the successfulness of revascularization primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in ST-elevation MI (STEMI) patients. The successfulness of revascularization was assessed by calculating Corrected thrombolysis in MI frame count (CTFC).
Methods: This is a retrospective analysis including all consecutive patients undergoing PPCI over 1-year period from December 2018 to 2019 at the Integrated Heart Service Installation Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital, West Sumatra. Exclusion criteria included patients with incomplete medical record data, incomplete coronary angiography data, prior MI, and prior PCI and coronary artery bypass graft. Patients were put into two groups with normal (CTFC <30) and high (CTFC ≥30) to define the baseline characteristics.
Results: A retrospective analysis was performed of patients undergoing primary PCI. Ninety-six patients underwent PPCI between December 2018 and 2019 were enrolled. For the baseline characteristic, patient was divided into two groups with normal CTFC (<30) and high (CTFC ≥30). There was negative weak correlation between troponin I level and CTFC with Spearman’s correlation value was 0.371 and correlation coefficient −0.092.
Conclusion: Troponin I level at first presentation before revascularization did not have a significant correlation with coronary flow result after revascularization in STEMI patients.
BRIDELIA SCANDENS WILD. A NEW SOURCE FOR PODOPHYLLOTOXIN PRODUCTION IN VITRO BY FEEDING CONIFERYL ALCOHOL
Authors: S RAVIKUMAR , V KRISHNA , S AJITH 
Published: January 2021

Objective: In the present study, a new method for the production of anticancerous compound podophyllotoxin (PTOX) was developed for Bridelia scandens Wild. by feeding coniferyl alcohol.
Methods: The production of anticancerous compound PTOX through leaf explant derived calli of B. scandens. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 0.5 mg/l 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) induced luxuriant mass of callus growth. Suspension culture was initiated by sterile MS media fortified with 0.1–1.0 mg/l BAP and 0.1–1.0 mg/l 2,4-D. and growth product was analyzed by the high-pressure liquid chromatography method.
Results: Phytochemical analysis of the B. scandens leaf and leaf calli showed the presence of PTOX at the concentrations of 0.69 and 1.81, respectively. The callus cell suspension was established with the same callogenic media also it is augmented with 10–70 mg/l of coniferyl alcohol to elicit the biosynthesis of PTOX. Successive cultures of the calli suspension yielded stable production of PTOX of 3.91 mg/g dry cell weight at 50 mg/l coniferyl alcohol in the media. The biosynthesis of PTOX was ideal when plant cells were cultivated in the dark with an agitation speed of 100 rpm.
Conclusion: The growth and production of PTOX were found to be better with glucose than with sucrose as the medium carbon source. The harvesting of the secondary metabolite from the in vitro grown leaf calli of B. scandens is a better way to stop the exploitation of medicinal plants.