bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal changes of urban forest in Jeli, Kelantan
Authors: Baharudin N Z , Nor A N M , Nawawi S A , Aziz H A , Jamil R M , Ibrahim N , Rafaai N H 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The rapid growth of urban development in a country affects vegetation and ecosystem area. Nowadays, Jeli was facing the fact of losing its forest cover that had been a substitute with other purposes such as plantation and development. Therefore, this study was conducted to classify the land use change of Jeli and analyze the urban forest changes of Jeli in year 1994, 2006 and 2018. In this study, three satellite images of the study area in year 1994, 2006 and 2018 were processed and analyzed using Remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS). The landscape patterns were analyzed using landscape metrics that were calculated by FRAGSTATS software. The analysis showed that the largest patch index (LPI) of Jeli in 2006 is higher, with 66.32% compared to the year 1994 (60.86%) and 2018 (65.44%). The mean patch area (MPA) decreases throughout the year with 5.96 ha, 4.27 ha and 3.97 ha, respectively. The higher of LPI and increase of MPS indicating that the patches is become fragmented. Moreover, the Euclidean nearest neighbor (ENN) value increased from year 2006 to year 2018, from 93.91 m to 109.42 m indicating that the distance patches is increased. The ANOVA test conducted within ENN and AREA’s value shows that the ENN value of year 1994 is more significant (p < 0.05) compared to year 2006 and 2018. Oppositely, the AREA’s value was found significant for year 2006 and 2018. The results show that the green cover class was increased through years due to the changes of land use purpose where the land use such as vegetation and cleared land classes were replaced with green cover. The outcomes from this study can be used to construct and improve a new and existing landscape planning by the decision-makers, stakeholders and sustainable planners.
Cellulose triacetate Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) for dye removal
Authors: Abdul-Halim N S , Idris N S U , Tou Y G 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this study, polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) made from cellulose triacetate (CTA) and Aliquat 336 is used to extract congo red from aqueous solution. Important parameters such as Aliquat 336 concentration (0, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt. %), pH of extraction solution (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10), concentration of congo red (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 ppm), temperature (27, 30, 40, 50 and 60°C) and stirring speed (150, 200, 250,300 and 350 rpm) were studied in order to optimize the extraction capacity. The CTA-PIMs was also characterized by Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in order to determine the functional group and the morphological structure of the PIMs respectively. From this study, 87% of Congo red was successfully removed after 24 hours by using CTA-PIM with 50 wt.% Aliquat 336. The optimum condition was found to be at pH 2, with temperature and stirring speed of 30 °C and 150 rpm respectively.
Notes on Araceae in Lojing Highlands, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Zulhazman H , Abas M A , Norhazlini M Z , Norzielawati S , Boyce P C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Araceae is recognized as keladi hutan or ubi keladi to the local community in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to provide an update checklist and description on ecology of Araceae in Lojing Highlands, Gua Musang, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. The survey was applied the random sampling technique. The result shows that a total of 25 species from 15 genera of Araceae were revealed from the area. This figure constitutes about 17.9% out of 140 species and 53.6% of the 28 genera of Araceae documented in Peninsular Malaysia. Most of them, 23 species or 92.0% are common in tropical rainforest. However, two species which considered as rare, these are Alocasia inornata Hallier f and Arisaema anomalum Hemsl.
Comparison of Chemical Compositions Between Two Fast Growing Species: Acacia mangium and Leucaena leucochephala
Authors: Rasat M S M , Amin M F M , Ahmad M I , Noor A M , Sobri S A , Hermawan A , Amini M H M , Geng B J , Amin M A M , Chotikhan A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Acacia mangium and Leuceana leucocephala are both exotic species known to be planted in Malaysia. Both species are well known to possess high growth rate, therefore made as reforestation species as well as a popular resource for pulp and paper industry. The main objectives of this study are to determine the chemical compositions of small diameter wild Acacia mangium and Leucaena leucocephala species and to compare that properties between of them at three (3) different stem portions (bottom, middle and top) and two (2) different parts (bark and wood). All analyses were done according to TAPPI standard method, except hemicellulose (Wise et al.) and holocellulose (formula). All the data and results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s Post Hoc test. Results revealed alcohol-toluene solubles was highest in bottom portion of Acacia mangium bark (14.98%). Holocellulose can be found highest in middle portion of Leuceana leucocephala wood (90.61%). For α-cellulose, highest was in Leuceana leucocephala bark (69.36%). Hemicellulose was most abundant in Acacia mangium top portion of wood (36.14%), while highest lignin was in its bottom portion of bark (31.18%). ANOVA indicates there are statistically high significance between species for all chemical composition, but between portions, only alcohol-toluene soluble and holocellulose are significant. For parts, all chemical composition is significant, except for lignin. This study proved that small diameter wild Acacia mangium and Leuceana leucocephala as a viable resource for pulp and paper industry.
Investigation on the water vapor oxidation of Super304H at 600 ℃
Authors: Zhao Zhoufeng , Zhang Jie , Luo Hongjian , Chen Xiaolin , Zou Junwen , Zhou Zhen , Wan Qiang , Zhang Jun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Steam oxidation is the main limited factor for the heat-resistant steel in fossil power plant. Disclosing the oxidation mechanism and kinetics could be helpful for the daily inspection to ensure the safety operation. To investigate the water vapor oxidation behavior of Super304H, the oxidation test was conducted at 600 ℃ for 25, 50, 100, 150 and 200 h in flowing steam. The structure and compositions of the oxide layers were investigated by line-scanning of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Surface morphology was observed after the oxidation test. The oxide phases were identified by XRD. The results showed that the oxide layer was duplex structure consisted of a Fe3O4 - Fe2O3 outer layer and an inner oxide layer which contained nickel oxide, Cr2O3, and FeCr2O4. As the oxidation time increased, the thickness of the total oxide layer and inner layer both increased. After 100 h oxidation, oxide layer exfoliation occurred and resulted in rapid growth of new oxide layer in the exfoliation region.
Pre-breakdown to stable phase and origin of multiple current pulses in argon dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: GAUTAM Saurav , MORRA Gabriele 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We report on the results of numerical models of the (i) initial growth and (ii) steady state phases of atmospheric-pressure homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge in argon. We employ our new in-house code called PyDBD, which solves continuity equations for both particles and energy, shows exceptional stability, is accelerated by adaptive time stepping and is openly available to the scientific community. Modeling argon plasma is numerically challenging due to the lower speeds of more inertial ions compared to more commonly modeled neon and helium, but its common use for plasma jets in medicine makes its modeling compelling. PyDBD is here applied to modeling two setups: (i) the exponential growth from natural electron-ion seeds (onset phase) until saturation is reached and (ii) the multiple current pulses that naturally appear during the steady state phase. We find that the time required for the onset phase, when the plasma density grows from 109 m−3 to 1017 m−3, varies from 80 μs at 4.5 kV down to a few μs above 6.5 kV, for voltage frequency f = 80 kHz and gap width d
g = 0.9 mm. At the steady state, our model reproduces two previously observed features of the current in dielectric barrier discharge reactors: (1) an oscillatory behavior associated to the capacitative character of the circuit and (2) several (N
p) current pulses occurring every half sinusoidal cycle. We show that the oscillations are present during the exponential growth, while current pulses appear approaching the steady state. After each micro-discharge, the gas voltage decreases abruptly and charged particles rapidly accumulate at the dielectric boundaries, causing avalanches of charged particles near the reactor boundaries. Finally, we run a parametric study finding that N
p increases linearly with voltage amplitude V
amp, is inversely proportional to dielectric gap d
g and decreases when voltage frequency f increases. The code developed for this publication is freely available at the address https://github.com/gabersyd/PyDBD.
The enigma and implications of brain hemispheric asymmetry in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Lubben Noah , Ensink Elizabeth , Coetzee Gerhard A , Labrie Viviane 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The lateralization of the human brain may provide clues into the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Though differing in their presentation and underlying pathologies, neurodegenerative diseases are all devastating and share an intriguing theme of asymmetrical pathology and clinical symptoms. Parkinson’s disease, with its distinctive onset of motor symptoms on one side of the body, stands out in this regard, but a review of the literature reveals asymmetries in several other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we review the lateralization of the structure and function of the healthy human brain and the common genetic and epigenetic patterns contributing to the development of asymmetry in health and disease. We specifically examine the role of asymmetry in Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, and interrogate whether these imbalances may reveal meaningful clues about the origins of these diseases. We also propose several hypotheses for how lateralization may contribute to the distinctive and enigmatic features of asymmetry in neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting a role for asymmetry in the choroid plexus, neurochemistry, protein distribution, brain connectivity and the vagus nerve. Finally, we suggest how future studies may reveal novel insights into these diseases through the lens of asymmetry.
Photodynamic therapy accelerates skin wound healing through promoting re-epithelialization
Authors: Yang Zengjun , Hu Xiaohong , Zhou Lina , He Yaxiong , Zhang Xiaorong , Yang Jiacai , Ju Zhenyu , Liou Yih-Cherng , Shen Han-Ming , Luo Gaoxing , Hamblin Michael R , He Weifeng , Yin Rui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) that reside in cutaneous hair follicles and the basal layer of the epidermis are indispensable for wound healing and skin homeostasis. Little is known about the effects of photochemical activation on EpSC differentiation, proliferation and migration during wound healing. The present study aimed to determine the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on wound healing in vivo and in vitro.

Methods
We created mouse full-thickness skin resection models and applied 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) for PDT to the wound beds. Wound healing was analysed by gross evaluation and haematoxylin–eosin staining in vivo. In cultured EpSCs, protein expression was measured using flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Cell migration was examined using a scratch model; apoptosis and differentiation were measured using flow cytometry.

Results
PDT accelerated wound closure by enhancing EpSC differentiation, proliferation and migration, thereby promoting re-epithelialization and angiogenesis. PDT inhibited inflammatory infiltration and expression of proinflammatory cytokines, whereas the secretion of growth factors was greater than in other groups. The proportion of transient amplifying cells was significantly greater in vivo and in vitro in the PDT groups. EpSC migration was markedly enhanced after ALA-induced PDT.

Conclusions
Topical ALA-induced PDT stimulates wound healing by enhancing re-epithelialization, promoting angiogenesis as well as modulating skin homeostasis. This work provides a preliminary theoretical foundation for the clinical administration of topical ALA-induced PDT in skin wound healing.
Distinct gene expression dynamics in germ line and somatic tissue during ovariole morphogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Tarikere Shreeharsha , Ylla Guillem , Extavour Cassandra G 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The survival and evolution of a species is a function of the number of offspring it can produce. In insects, the number of eggs that an ovary can produce is a major determinant of reproductive capacity. Insect ovaries are made up of tubular egg-producing subunits called ovarioles, whose number largely determines the number of eggs that can be potentially laid. Ovariole number in Drosophila is directly determined by the number of cellular structures called terminal filaments, which are stacks of cells that assemble in the larval ovary. Elucidating the developmental and regulatory mechanisms of terminal filament formation is thus key to understanding the regulation of insect reproduction through ovariole number regulation. We systematically measured mRNA expression of all cells in the larval ovary at the beginning, middle, and end of terminal filament formation. We also separated somatic and germ line cells during these stages and assessed their tissue-specific gene expression during larval ovary development. We found that the number of differentially expressed somatic genes is highest during the late stages of terminal filament formation and includes many signaling pathways that govern ovary development. We also show that germ line tissue, in contrast, shows greater differential expression during early stages of terminal filament formation, and highly expressed germ line genes at these stages largely control cell division and DNA repair. We provide a tissue-specific and temporal transcriptomic dataset of gene expression in the developing larval ovary as a resource to study insect reproduction.
Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial of a Mind–Body Activity Program for Older Adults With Chronic Pain and Cognitive Decline: The Virtual “Active Brains” Study
Authors: Doorley James D , Mace Ryan A , Popok Paula J , Grunberg Victoria A , Ragnhildstveit Anya , Vranceanu Ana-Maria 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Chronic pain (CP) and cognitive decline (CD) are highly comorbid and debilitating among older adults. We iteratively developed Active Brains–Fitbit (AB-F), a group mind–body activity program aided by a Fitbit that is feasible and associated with improvements in physical, cognitive, and emotional functioning when delivered in-person to older adults with CP and CD. We adapted our intervention and methodology for remote delivery to bypass barriers to participation. Here we report on a feasibility randomized controlled trial of the virtual AB-F versus a Health Enhancement Program (HEP) educational control followed by qualitative exit interviews.

Research Design and Methods
Older adults (aged ≥60) with CP and CD (2 cohorts) completed 8 weeks of AB-F (n = 8) or HEP (n = 11). Study procedures were fully remote via live video. Quantitative analyses explored feasibility and acceptability markers and within-group improvements in outcomes. Qualitative analyses were primarily deductive using the Framework Method.

Results
AB-F met a priori set feasibility benchmarks, similar to our in-person pilot. Participation in AB-F was associated with preliminary signals of improvement in multimodal physical function, emotional function (anxiety), cognitive function, pain intensity, and coping (e.g., pain self-efficacy, catastrophizing). Participation in HEP was associated with smaller or negligible improvements. Exit interviews confirmed feasibility and satisfaction with our completely remote interventions and methodology.

Discussion and Implications
Results provide evidence for the feasibility of our completely remote study and for initial markers of improvement after AB-F. The results will inform a fully powered remote efficacy trial.

Clinical Trial Registration
NCT04044183.
Diel Patterns of Pheromone Release by Male Sea Lamprey
Authors: Fissette Skye D , Bussy Ugo , Huerta Belinda , Brant Cory O , Li Ke , Johnson Nicholas S , Li Weiming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCosts to producing sexual signals can create selective pressures on males to invest signaling effort in particular contexts. When the benefits of signaling vary consistently across time, males can optimize signal investment to specific temporal contexts using biological rhythms. Sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, have a semelparous life history, are primarily nocturnal, and rely on pheromone communication for reproduction; however, whether male investment in pheromone transport and release matches increases in spawning activity remains unknown. By measuring (1) 3keto-petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS, a main pheromone component) and its biosynthetic precursor PZS in holding water and tissue samples at six points over the course of 24 hours and (2) 3kPZS release over the course of several days, we demonstrate that 3kPZS release exhibits a consistent diel pattern across several days with elevated pheromone release just prior to sunset and at night. Trends in hepatic concentrations and circulatory transport of PZS and 3kPZS were relatively consistent with patterns of 3kPZS release and suggest the possibility of direct upregulation in pheromone transport and release rather than observed release patterns being solely a byproduct of increased behavioral activity. Our results suggest males evolved a signaling strategy that synchronizes elevated pheromone release with nocturnal increases in sea lamprey behavior. This may be imperative to ensure that male signaling effort is not wasted in a species having a single, reproductive event.
B Part of It School Leaver Study: A Repeat Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Impact of Increasing Coverage With Meningococcal B (4CMenB) Vaccine on Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis
Authors: McMillan Mark , Koehler Ann P , Lawrence Andrew , Sullivan Thomas R , Bednarz Jana , MacLennan Jenny M , Maiden Martin C J , Ladhani Shamez N , Ramsay Mary E , Trotter Caroline , Borrow Ray , Finn Adam , Kahler Charlene M , Whelan Jane , Vadivelu Kumaran , Richmond Peter C , Marshall Helen S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Recombinant protein-based vaccines targeting serogroup B meningococci protect against invasive disease but impacts on carriage are uncertain. This study assessed carriage prevalence of disease-associated meningococci in 2018–2020 as the proportion of vaccinated adolescents increased following introduction of a school-based 4CMenB immunization program.

Methods
Eligible participants who completed high school (aged 17–25) in South Australia in the previous year had an oropharyngeal swab taken and completed a risk factor questionnaire. Disease-associated meningococci (genogroups A, B, C, W, X, Y) were detected by meningococcal and genogroup-specific polymerase chain reaction.

Results
The analysis included 4104 participants in 2018, 2690 in 2019, and 1338 in 2020. The proportion vaccinated with 4CMenB increased from 43% in 2018, to 78% in 2019, and 76% in 2020. Carriage prevalence of disease-associated meningococci in 2018 was 225/4104 (5.5%). There was little difference between carriage prevalence in 2019 (134/2690, 5.0%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], .64–1.05) and 2020 (68/1338, 5.1%; aOR, 0.82; 95% CI, .57–1.17) compared to 2018.

Conclusions
Increased 4CMenB uptake in adolescents was not associated with decline in carriage of disease-associated meningococci. 4CMenB immunization programs should focus on direct (individual) protection for groups at greatest risk of disease.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT03419533.
Two-dimensional deep learning inversion of magnetotelluric sounding data
Authors: Liu Wei , Xi Zhenzhu , Wang He , Zhang Rongqing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Conventional linear iterative methods for magnetotelluric sounding (MT) suffer from considerable limitations related to difficulties in selecting the initial model and local optima. On the other hand, conventional intelligent nonlinear methods exhibit slow convergence and low accuracy. In this study, we propose an inversion strategy based on the deep learning (DL) deep belief network (DBN) to realise the instantaneous inversion of MT data. A scaled momentum learning rate is introduced to improve the convergence performance of the restricted Boltzmann machine during the DBN pre-training stage, and a novel activation function (DSoft) is introduced to enhance the global optimisation capability during the DBN fine-tuning stage. To address the difficulty in designing the sample data when prior information is lacking, we employ the k-means++ algorithm to cluster the MT field data and use the clustering results as the prior information to guide the construction of the sample dataset. Then, based on the proposed DBN, we ensure end-to-end mapping directly from the apparent resistivity to the resistivity model. We implement two groups of experiments to demonstrate the validity of both improvements on the DBN. We consider six types of geoelectric model from the test set to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed DBN method for MT 2D inversion, which we further compare with the well-known least-square regularisation method for several extended geoelectric models and field data. The qualitative and quantitative analyses show that the DL inversion method is promising as it can accurately delineate the subsurface structures and perform rapid inversion.
Environmental–biomechanical reciprocity and the evolution of plant material properties
Authors: Niklas Karl J , Telewski Frank W 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Abiotic–biotic interactions have shaped organic evolution since life first began. Abiotic factors influence growth, survival, and reproductive success, whereas biotic responses to abiotic factors have changed the physical environment (and indeed created new environments). This reciprocity is well illustrated by land plants who begin and end their existence in the same location while growing in size over the course of years or even millennia, during which environment factors change over many orders of magnitude. A biomechanical, ecological, and evolutionary perspective reveals that plants are (i) composed of materials (cells and tissues) that function as cellular solids (i.e. materials composed of one or more solid and fluid phases); (ii) that have evolved greater rigidity (as a consequence of chemical and structural changes in their solid phases); (iii) allowing for increases in body size and (iv) permitting acclimation to more physiologically and ecologically diverse and challenging habitats; which (v) have profoundly altered biotic as well as abiotic environmental factors (e.g. the creation of soils, carbon sequestration, and water cycles). A critical component of this evolutionary innovation is the extent to which mechanical perturbations have shaped plant form and function and how form and function have shaped ecological dynamics over the course of evolution.