bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Relapse Among Opioid‐Dependent Patients Treated With Extended‐Release Naltrexone or Buprenorphine‐Naloxone: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Opheim Arild , Gaulen Zhanna , Solli Kristin Klemmetsby , Latif Zill‐e‐Huma , Fadnes Lars T. , Benth Jūratė Šaltytė , Kunøe Nikolaj , Tanum Lars 
Published: September 2021

Background and ObjectivesCompare the risk of relapse to heroin and other illicit opioids among opioid‐dependent patients receiving treatment with extended‐release naltrexone (XR‐NTX) or buprenorphine‐naloxone (BP‐NLX).MethodsRe‐analyzed data from a 12‐week multicenter, open‐label, randomized treatment study with a subsequent 36‐week open‐label follow‐up study. All patients, N = 143, had completed detoxification and received at least one dose of study medication.ResultsOf 143 patients (72% men), mean age 36 years, 71 received XR‐NTX and 72 BP‐NLX. The risk of first relapse and the risk of any relapse to heroin and other illicit opioids were both significantly lower in the XR‐NTX group compared with the BP‐NLX group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28‐0.76; P = .002, and HR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.04‐0.29; P < .001, respectively) and (HR, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.09‐0.27; P < .001 and HR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.03‐0.09; P < .001, respectively). There was a stable low risk of relapse among participants receiving XR‐NTX in the follow‐up.Discussion and ConclusionsCompared to BP‐NLX, patients on XR‐NTX had a substantially reduced risk of relapse to illicit opioids and showed a stable low risk of relapse over time in longer‐term treatment.Scientific SignificanceOur data support XR‐NTX as a first‐line treatment option for patients with opioid addiction both in short and longer‐term treatment. This is the first European study showing that XR‐NTX significantly reduces the risk of first and any relapse to heroin use in opioid‐dependent patients compared to BP‐NLX. Our data contradict previous data from the X:BOT study, showing no significant difference in relapse risk between the groups in a 6‐month randomised controlled trial. (© 2021 Authors. The American Journal on Addictions published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry). (Am J Addict 2021;30:451–458)
Mud volcanoes and dissolution structures as kinematic markers during salt tectonic deformation
Authors: Kirkham Chris , Cartwright Joe 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe recognition of linear trails of fluid escape pipes that have been deformed by salt flow have recently been suggested to offer a novel approach to reconstructing the internal kinematics of thick salt sequences deforming under gravity. These deformed pipes constrain a number of key parameters for salt tectonic analysis including the salt flow direction, translation distance of the top salt and overburden, the internal flow profile and from the flow velocity, the bulk viscosity of the salt. Here we interpret and characterise two previously unrecognised large‐scale strain markers within a salt sequence that may be equally as valuable as the deformed pipes for constraining salt flow. This study is based on the interpretation of a ca. 4,600 km2 3D seismic survey from the outer slope of the Nile Cone, offshore Egypt, located at the boundary between the extensional and translational domains of the deformed marginal region of the Messinian salt basin. We mapped five deformed pipe trails that allow us to constrain the average flow velocity of the top salt, at ca. 2 mm/yr over the past 2–3 Myrs. The salt flowed in a basinward NW/NNW direction away from the basin margin. In addition, we mapped two large (ca. 2 km diameter) salt dissolution depressions formed by subjacent dissolution of the evaporites. These are presently located down the salt flow direction of a large remnant erosional high at the base of the salt, and in the general alignment of one of the pipe trails. We therefore argue that this dissolution structure most likely formed by fluid venting from the base salt high, and as such can be used to measure translation direction, distance and average velocity. The second of the two novel kinematic indicators requires mapping of genetically connected mud volcanoes and their depletion zones. The study area contains over 400 individual mud volcanoes that are sourced from beneath the salt and erupted from the Early Pliocene to Recent. A subset of these, extruded at or near to the present day seafloor, have well imaged pre‐salt depletion zones vertically beneath the erupted volcanic cones. A smaller subset, typically buried Early Pliocene extrusions, is found to have volcanic cones that are systematically offset laterally from their corresponding depletion zones, with an offset direction and distances closely matched with other kinematic markers. Hence we suggest that mud volcanic plumbing systems can provide another independent kinematic marker from which to infer salt flow regime.
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 regulates development of xenogenic graft versus host disease in mice via modulation of host immune responses induced by changes in human T cell engraftment and gene expression
Authors: Gao Chunxu , Gardner Debra , Theobalds Marie-Clare , Hitchcock Shannon , Deutsch Heather , Amuzie Chidozie , Cesaroni Matteo , Sargsyan Davit , Rao Tadimeti S , Malaviya Ravi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGraft versus host disease (GvHD) is a major clinical problem with a significant unmet medical need. We examined the role of cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) in a xenogenic GvHD (xeno-GvHD) model induced by injection of human peripheral mononuclear cells (hPBMC) into irradiated non-obese diabetic (NOD) SCID gamma (NSG) mice. Targeting the CTLA-4 pathway by treatment with CTLA-4 immunoglobulin (Ig) prevented xeno-GvHD, while anti-CTLA-4 antibody treatment exacerbated the lethality and morbidity associated with GvHD. Xeno-GvHD is associated with infiltration of hPBMCs into the lungs, spleen, stomach, liver and colon and an increase in human proinflammatory cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-5. Infiltration of donor cells and increases in cytokines were attenuated by treatment with CTLA-4 Ig, but remained either unaffected or enhanced by anti-CTLA-4 antibody. Further, splenic human T cell phenotyping showed that CTLA-4 Ig treatment prevented the engraftment of human CD45+ cells, while anti-CTLA-4 antibody enhanced donor T cell expansion, particularly CD4+ (CD45RO+) subsets, including T box transcription factor TBX21 (Tbet)+ CXCR3+ and CD25+ forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) cells. Comprehensive analysis of transcriptional profiling of human cells isolated from mouse spleen identified a set of 417 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by CTLA-4 Ig treatment and 13 DEGs by anti-CTLA-4 antibody treatment. The CTLA-4 Ig regulated DEGs mapped to down-regulated apoptosis, inflammasome, T helper type 17 (Th17) and regulatory T cell (Treg) pathways and enhanced Toll-like receptor (TLR) receptor signaling, TNF family signaling, complement system and epigenetic and transcriptional regulation, whereas anti-CTLA-4 antibody produced minimal to no impact on these gene pathways. Our results show an important role of co-inhibitory CTLA-4 signaling in xeno-GvHD and suggest the therapeutic utility of other immune checkpoint co-inhibitory pathways in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases driven by hyperactive T cells.
Glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor and basic fibroblast growth factor derived from skeletal muscle pericytes increase the barrier function of endothelial cells in the endomysium
Authors: Ishiguchi Eri , Sano Yasuteru , Maeda Toshihiko , Shimizu Fumitaka , Fujisawa Miwako , Honda Masaya , Takeshita Yukio , Koga Michiaki , Kanda Takashi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesIn skeletal muscle, the capillaries have tight junctions (TJs) that are structurally similar to those in the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and blood‐nerve barrier (BNB). Although the endomysial capillaries include endothelial cells and pericytes, the properties of the endomysial pericytes have not been well elucidated. The purpose of this study was to establish a human skeletal muscle pericyte cell (HSMPCT) line, and examine whether the established cell line has similar properties to pericytes from the BBB and BNB.MethodHSMPCTs were isolated and introduced with retroviruses harboring temperature‐sensitive SV40 T antigen and telomerase genes. Then, we examined whether this cell line modifies the barrier function of a human skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cell line, TSM15.ResultsA new HSMPCT cell line was successfully established. The conditioned media (CM) from HSMPCTs increased the transendothelial electrical resistance of the TSM15 cells and decreased permeability to 10kD‐dextran. Glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) increased the barrier function of TSM15 cells. The CM of HSMPCTs with anti‐GDNF or anti‐bFGF antibodies attenuated the effect of upregulating the barrier function of TSM15 cells. These results indicate that soluble factors, such as GDNF and bFGF, released from HSMPCTs strengthen the barrier function of TSM15 cells.ConclusionGDNF and bFGF released from HSMPCTs increase the barrier function of endomysial endothelium. These HSMPCTs and TSM15 cells, which are recognized as an in vitro model of the endomysial capillary, might facilitate the analysis of the pathophysiology of the microvasculature in human skeletal muscle.
A re‐analysis of the data in Sharkey et al.’s (2021) minimalist revision reveals that BINs do not deserve names, but BOLD Systems needs a stronger commitment to open science
Authors: Meier Rudolf , Blaimer Bonnie B. , Buenaventura Eliana , Hartop Emily , von Rintelen Thomas , Srivathsan Amrita , Yeo Darren 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHalting biodiversity decline is one of the most critical challenges for humanity, but monitoring biodiversity is hampered by taxonomic impediments. One impediment is the large number of undescribed species (here called “dark taxon impediment”) whereas another is caused by the large number of superficial species descriptions, that can only be resolved by consulting type specimens (“superficial description impediment”). Recently, Sharkey et al. (2021) proposed to address the dark taxon impediment for Costa Rican braconid wasps by describing 403 species based on COI barcode clusters (“BINs”) computed by BOLD Systems. More than 99% of the BINs (387 of 390) were converted into species by assigning binominal names (e.g. BIN “BOLD:ACM9419” becomes Bracon federicomatarritai) and adding a minimal diagnosis (consisting only of a consensus barcode for most species). We here show that many of Sharkey et al.’s species are unstable when the underlying data are analyzed using different species delimitation algorithms. Add the insufficiently informative diagnoses, and many of these species will become the next “superficial description impediment” for braconid taxonomy because they will have to be tested and redescribed after obtaining sufficient evidence for confidently delimiting species. We furthermore show that Sharkey et al.’s approach of using consensus barcodes as diagnoses is not functional because it cannot be applied consistently. Lastly, we reiterate that COI alone is not suitable for delimiting and describing species, and voice concerns over Sharkey et al.’s uncritical use of BINs because they are calculated by a proprietary algorithm (RESL) that uses a mixture of public and private data. We urge authors, reviewers and editors to maintain high standards in taxonomy by only publishing new species that are rigorously delimited with open‐access tools and supported by publicly available evidence.
T cell–mediated autoimmunity in immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Vrbensky John R. , Nazy Ishac , Clare Rumi , Larché Mark , Arnold Donald M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractImmune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a low platelet count and an increased risk of bleeding. In addition to anti‐platelet autoantibodies, CD8+ T cells have been implicated as a mechanism of platelet destruction. The current evidence for the existence of platelet‐specific CD8+ T cells in ITP is inconclusive. The purpose of this review is to summarize the studies that investigated CD8+ T cells in ITP and to review the methods that have been used to detect autoreactive CD8+ T cells in other autoimmune diseases.
Female choice and male aggression in the polymorphic lizard Sceloporus minor
Authors: García‐Rosales Aaron , Stephenson Barry P. , Ramírez‐Bautista Aurelio , Manjarrez Javier , Pavón Numa P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn comparison with some other vertebrate groups, female choice in lizards is relatively poorly understood. In contrast, aggressive behavior in lizards has been better studied; nevertheless, there are many genera and even whole families for which little or no information on aggressive behavior has been described. Therefore, the objective of this study was to experimentally evaluate the importance of morphometric traits, body coloration, and behavioral attributes of male Sceloporus minor from a population in central Mexico in order to (1) determine whether female choice exists in this species, and if so, identify which features of males females are using to do so, and (2) identify the phenotypic features of males that predict dominance status in contests between dominant and subordinate males. We found that females of S. minor indeed show a preference for males on the basis of ventral patch color; specifically, females chose males with ventral patches of Spectrum Blue or True Blue over males with ventral patches of other blue hues, but found no evidence of choice based on other morphological characters examined. Results also showed that winner (i.e., dominant) males exhibited more aggressive behaviors and were larger in body size than subordinate (i.e., loser) males. Notably, we found no support for a role of male polymorphic dorsal coloration on either female choice or male contest outcome. The results of this study showed evidence of female choice and male‐male competition, suggesting that in this population, males exhibit intrasexual interactions to compete for resources such as territories and produce displays that serve in part to attract females.
A multi‐criteria decision making approach for strategy formulation using Pythagorean fuzzy logic
Authors: Sarkar Biswajit , Biswas Animesh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to develop Pythagorean fuzzy (PF) multi‐objective optimization by ratio analysis (PF‐MOORA) plus full MULTIplicative form (PF‐MULTIMOORA) method for solving multicriteria decision making (MCDM) problems with completely unknown information of criteria weights. In the model formulation process, a new distance measure is defined to quantify the difference between PF sets by combining Hamming distance and Hausdorff metric. This distance measure is, subsequently, implemented in entropy weight model for determining unknown weights of criteria, and also in reference point approach for obtaining preference indices of alternatives. To overcome the deficiencies occurred in existing MULTIMOORA method, like multiple comparisons, circular reasoning, and so on, an aggregation‐based approach is recommended in the proposed PF‐MULTIMOORA. To demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the proposed method, an example concerning strategy prioritization of a tiles manufacturing company is presented. In the strategy evaluation process, at first, the judgement values provided by the decision maker are expressed in linguistic terms, and then those are converted into PF numbers through a PF weighting scale. The sensitivity of the proposed model is validated by changing of weights of criteria which impact on the ranks of the strategies. To show robustness of the developed method, the result attained by applying PF‐MULTIMOORA is compared with existing techniques, not only in crisp and fuzzy quantitative strategic planning matrix context, but also using four other MCDM methods, namely, modified PF‐MOORA, as a particular case of the proposed PF‐MULTIMOORA technique, PF weighted sum, PF‐TOPSIS and PF‐VIKOR.
Climate mediates the relationship between plant biodiversity and forest structure across the United States
Authors: Hakkenberg Christopher R. , Goetz Scott J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimEmpirical biodiversity – forest structure relationships (BSRs) underlie the use of forest structure as a remotely sensible proxy of biodiversity. However, little is known about how BSRs generalize to continental scales or how climate interacts with structure to drive local patterns in plant diversity. Resolving these research gaps in macrosystems ecology will strengthen our understanding of the biogeography of plant diversity, with implications for global‐scale biodiversity mapping.LocationUSA.Time periodContemporary.Major taxa studiedVascular plants and trees.MethodsWe combined climate variables with field measurements and airborne lidar from all forest and woodland plots in the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) to characterize the role of climate in constraining BSRs across the United States. Spatial generalized linear mixed models were used to quantify the individual and joint effects of structure and climate on vascular plant and tree diversity.ResultsThese findings provide evidence for broad‐scale BSRs across the USA; namely, between plant/tree diversity and forest structural metrics in the vertical and horizontal planes. Vascular plant diversity was positively related to horizontally heterogeneous and bottom‐skewed canopies, whereas tree diversity was positively associated with canopy cover and structural heterogeneity. In addition, climate variables related to stress (negatively), energy (positively) and seasonality (negatively) affected broad‐scale patterns in diversity, with water availability (but not temperature) exerting significant effects on structural conditions. Importantly, climate and structure interact to explain variance in BSRs along coldness, mean temperature and evapotranspiration gradients.Main conclusionsOur findings reinforce the importance of local context dependence in assessing non‐stationary biogeographical patterns in forest biodiversity, as well as the unique ways that forest structure and climate interact to constrain plant diversity. Beyond these theoretical insights, this study provides an empirical foundation for generalizing remotely sensed estimates of climate and forest structure to model biodiversity over vast extents.
Pharmacists reducing medication risk in medical outpatient clinics: a retrospective study of 18 clinics
Authors: Snoswell Centaine L. , De Guzman Keshia R. , Barras Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe role of pharmacists in hospital inpatient settings is well recognised; however, pharmacists are relatively new to outpatient clinic settings in Australia. Evidence to justify the clinical effectiveness of pharmacists, in terms of identifying and resolving medication‐related problems in an outpatient setting in Australia is limited.AimsTo investigate the clinical effectiveness of outpatient clinic pharmacists across multiple medical disciplines.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted by auditing medical records for patients who had an outpatient clinic pharmacist consult between June 2019 and February 2020 in a large quaternary hospital. All pharmacist recommendations targeting a medication‐related problem were audited. Recommendations were considered ‘resolved’ if accepted and actioned by the patient and/or a clinician. The resolved recommendations were risk rated using a validated tool for medication‐related patient harm.ResultsThere were 18 clinic pharmacist roles across multiple medical disciplines, of which 46 pharmacists conducted outpatient consults. A total of 7599 consults was conducted and a purposeful random sample of 572 (8%) consults was audited for 552 unique patients. There were 399 recommendations recorded in the notes by clinic pharmacists, a mean (standard deviation) of 0.95 (0.97) per patient. Of these, 328 (82%) were resolved; 269 (82%) were classified as low or moderate risk and 59 (18%) were classified as high‐risk recommendations.ConclusionsClinic pharmacists in multidisciplinary outpatient clinics are effective at identifying and resolving medication‐related problems. Our research demonstrated that 18% of these resolved recommendations prevented a high‐risk medication‐related harm event.
Using DNA to predict behaviour problems from preschool to adulthood
Authors: Gidziela Agnieszka , Rimfeld Kaili , Malanchini Margherita , Allegrini Andrea G. , McMillan Andrew , Selzam Saskia , Ronald Angelica , Viding Essi , von Stumm Sophie , Eley Thalia C. , Plomin Robert 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundOne goal of the DNA revolution is to predict problems in order to prevent them. We tested here if the prediction of behaviour problems from genome‐wide polygenic scores (GPS) can be improved by creating composites across ages and across raters and by using a multi‐GPS approach that includes GPS for adult psychiatric disorders as well as for childhood behaviour problems.MethodOur sample included 3,065 genotyped unrelated individuals from the Twins Early Development Study who were assessed longitudinally for hyperactivity, conduct, emotional problems, and peer problems as rated by parents, teachers, and children themselves. GPS created from 15 genome‐wide association studies were used separately and jointly to test the prediction of behaviour problems composites (general behaviour problems, externalising, and internalising) across ages (from age 2 to 21) and across raters in penalised regression models. Based on the regression weights, we created multi‐trait GPS reflecting the best prediction of behaviour problems. We compared GPS prediction to twin heritability using the same sample and measures.ResultsMulti‐GPS prediction of behaviour problems increased from <2% of the variance for observed traits to up to 6% for cross‐age and cross‐rater composites. Twin study estimates of heritability, although to a lesser extent, mirrored patterns of multi‐GPS prediction as they increased from <40% to 83%.ConclusionsThe ability of GPS to predict behaviour problems can be improved by using multiple GPS, cross‐age composites and cross‐rater composites, although the effect sizes remain modest, up to 6%. Our approach can be used in any genotyped sample to create multi‐trait GPS predictors of behaviour problems that will be more predictive than polygenic scores based on a single age, rater, or GPS.