bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE BLOOD MINERAL STATUS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP AND GOATS MANAGED UNDER EXTENSIVE AND SEMI-INTENSIVE SYSTEMS OF MANAGEMENT
Authors: Sowande O. S. , Fasae O. A. , Ojedokun O. J. , Okunola O. S. , Aina A. B. J. 
Published: February 2021

A total of eighty (80) animals comprising of forty (40) each of West African Dwarf sheep and goats, averagely weighting 25.33 ± 2.50kg and 15.13 ± 1.0kg, respectively were used in an experiment at the Small Ruminant Unit of the Teaching and Research Farms of the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta and Olugbo village via Odeda in Odeda Local Government area of Ogun State. The forty animals from each species were divided into two groups of twenty (20) animals each and were randomly selected and managed under extensive system (ES)and semi intensive system (SIS0. 10ml) of blood sample from individual animal was drawn from each animal and analyzed for their mineral concentration of Ca, P, K, Na, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn. The main effect of the system of management significantly influenced the concentration of both major and trace minerals of sheep and goats except P and Cu. Sheep and goats under ES had higher (P < 0.05) concentration of Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn. The concentrations of K and Na were higher (P < 0.05) in sheep and goats under SIS. No significant (P > 0.05) interaction effect on Ca and P concentration was 0bserved, although goats raised under both systems exhibited higher Ca and P concentrations than sheep. However, significant interactions (P < 0.05) of animal special and management systems was observed in the plasma concentrations of Mg, K, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn with no noticeable trend being following. It was concluded that irrespective of the animal species (Sheep or goats) and management systems, Ca and P supplementation is necessary to ensure optimum productivity of the animals
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF YOGHURT SAMPLES FROM GOATS AND COWS MILK AND COMMERCIAL RETAIL OUTLET
Authors: Obatolu V. A. , Adebowale E. A. , Omidokun F. , Farinde E. O. 
Published: February 2021

This paper compared the chemical (Proximate and mineral), acidity, microbial count and organoleptic properties of yoghurt samples produced from Nigeria locally bred goat and cow milk with commercially retail yoghurt during 14days of refrigerated storage. Yoghurt production was conducted by inoculation of the milk samples at 43oC for 6hrs with 2% of streptococcus thermophillus and lactobacillus bulgarus active culture. The total ash content of yoghurt ranges from 0.23g/100g in the commercial yoghurt sample to 0.84g/100g in yoghurt from goat milk which is considered significantly higher than that observed for yoghurt from cow milk. The commercially retail yoghurt had a significantly higher (P < 0.05) total solid matter than yoghurt from goat and cow milk. Calcium and phosphorus contents were significantly (P < 0.05) lowest in the commercial yoghurt (0.28%) to a significant higher value of 0.28% in goat milk. A statisitically significant drop in pH values was observed in the commercial yoghurt sample after one and two week storage compared to yoghurt from goat and cow milk. High lactic acid bacteria were observed in yoghurt from cow milk with lactococci group being higher than the lactobacilli group throughout the storage period. The yeast count range from a significant low (P < 05) value of 2.22 cfu/ml-1 in commercial yoghurt sample to 3.22 and 3.24 in goat and cow milk respectively on day zero of storage. By the 7days of storage, the commercially retail yoghurt was significant (P < 0.05) least desirable with respect to colour, taste and overall acceptability while there was no significant difference in the consistency of all the yoghurt samples.
production of milk yield from udder circumference and distance between teats in West African Dwarf and red Sokoto goats
Authors: Benji M.N. , Osinowu O.A 
Published: February 2021

Udder circumference (UD) and distance between teats (DBT) measured before and after milking were used to determine CUC (UC before milking minus UC after milking) and CDT (DBT before milking minus DBT after milking). All four parameters were utilized as independent variables in two milk yeild from 202 weekly records of 17 lactating does, consisting of 8 West African Dwarf (WAD) and 9 Red sokoto (RS) goats. WAD and RS goats hadsimilar mean values for daily milk yield ( 270.34±12.47 ml vs 245.26±14.51 ml) and UC(28.49±0.33 vs 28.49± 0.13 cm). Both models had significant ( P<0.001) R2 values ranging from 0.244 to 0.757. UC was the best index of milk yeild (R2=0.688) followed by CUC (R2=0.467) in the linear regressionequation while DBT and CDT yeilded lower R2 Values (0.244 vs 0.258). Inclusion of all four parameters in the multiple linear regression equation yeilded the highest R2 (0.757). The predictive equation was Y= 441.443 + 25.739X1 + 23.349-21.265X2 +61.080X4 in which Y is milk yeilded, Xi , X4 represent UC, CUC, DBT and CDT respectively. Positive and significant (P<0.001) phenotypic correlations were observed between UCand milk yeilded (0.759), CUC and milk yeilded (0.690). DBT and milk yield (0.498), CDT and milk yield(0.508). In the current practice of collecting collecting weekly records, early prediction of future milk production from udder circumference measured prior to milking will be accurate using linear regression predictive equation. Alternatively, if more traits related to udder size such as UC, CUC,DBT and CDT are incorporated as independent variables in multiple linear regression equation, milk production would be predicted with better accuracy.
Variation in growth performance of pure and crossed meat type chickens
Authors: Adebambo A. O. , Ikeobi C. O. N. , Ozoje M. O. , Adebambo O. A. 
Published: February 2021

Genetic variation from a combination of four breeds of chickens (Anak Titan, Alpha, Giriraja and Normal indigenous chickens) were examined for importance of sire, dam, season and sex on growth traits using a Mixed-model Least-Squares and Maximum LIkelihood computer program. The results show that sire and dam genotypes significantly (P<0.05) affected growth. Anak Titan cocks and hens performed best in body weight (BW) with values ranging from 38.45±0.74g and 40.21±0.66g at day old to 1135.93 35.67g and 953.38 35.38g at week 12 respectively. Normal indigenous and Alpha improved indigenous performed better in linear body parameters. Genetic correlation coefficients among parameters for all the breeds were generally high. Positive estimates ranged from 0.15 for breast girth (BG) and keel length (KL) at week four to 0.99 for BG-KL at week tweve while negative values ranged from -0.783 for body weight (BW) and wing length (WL) at week four to -0.99 for BW-BG at week twelve. Heritability estimates for body weight ranged from 0.14 at week one to 0.63 at week four. It can be concluded that appreciable variation exists for growth traits among the strains of chickens. Such variations can be utilized for improvement in the present emvironment.
Nutrient Intake and digestibility of Rabbit does fed varying levels of concentrate and lablab during pregnancy
Authors: Iyeghe-Erakpotobor G. T. , Sekoni A. A. , Esievo L. O. 
Published: February 2021

Nulliparous crossbred does were used to study the effects of concentrate:lablab ratio (CL) and stage of pregnancy on nutrient intake and digestibility. Treatments consisted of four concentrate and lablab combinations on a gram:gram basis: 20:130, 40: 110, 80:70 and 100:50 and two stages of pregnancy: second and fourth week of pregnancy Concentrate intake increased as level increased up to 80g/day offered while lablab intake increased from 50 to 130g/day offered. Doe weight and metabolic size were similar for all treatments. Total feed intake was not affected by concentrate and lablab levels. Dry matter intake was lower for 100:50 CL than other treatments. Ether extract and crude fibre intakes decreased with increase in concentrate levels. Dry matter and nitrogen free extract digestibility were higher for 80:70 CL than other combinations. Crude fibre digestibility was higher for 80:70 than 40:110 and 100:50 CL Crude protein retention was higher for 80:70 than 20:130 and 100:50 CL. Fetal growth requirement, total protein requirement and balance of protein were high at 80:70 and 100:50 CL. During pregnancy, dry matter and all nutrients intake were higher in the second than fourth week. Ether extract, crude protein and nitrogen free extract digestibilities were lower in the second than fourth week of pregnancy. Fetal growth requirement and balance of protein were higher in the second than fourth week of pregnancy relationship between feed intake (g DM/day) and nutrient digestibility was negative. The relationship between feed intake (g DM/kg body weight/day) and feed intake (g DM/kg LW0.75/day) was however, positive for all the nutrients except crude protein. For the small scale rabbit producer in developing countries, it is feasible to maintain rabbits on combinations of concentrate and lablab during pregnancy
Performance of Rabbits Fed Stylo (Stylosanthes hamata) and Groundnut Hauls (Arachis hypogea)
Authors: Iyeghe-Erakpotobor G. T. , Iyeghe-Erakpotobor G. T. 
Published: February 2021

Forty eight crossbred rabbits were used to study the performance of different age groups of rabbits fed stylo and groundnut haulms supplemented with 50g concentrate. The rabbits were allocated to three treatments: Stylosanthes hamata (stylo), Arachis hypogea (groundnut) haulms and 50.50 mixture (stygnut) of stylo and groundnut haulms, and four age groups: weaner, grower pubertal and adult in a 3 x 4 factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design for six weeks. 150g forage and 50g concentrate were supplied to the rabbits in separate feeders in the morning at 08. 00hr. Initial and final weight of rabbits fed stylo, groundnut haulms and combination of stylo and groundnut haulms was similar. Concentrate, forage and total feed intake of rabbits were similar for the treatments, however, total weight gain was higher for combination of stylo and groundnut haulms and lowest on stylo. Rabbit performance on sole and combination forages was similar except for feed conversion ratio which was significantly higher for stylo. Though feed cost was similar for the treatments, cost/kg gain was higher for stylo than combination of stylo and groundnut haulms. For the rabbit groups, concentrate, forage and total feed intake were similar however; total weight gain was double for weaners than growers, pubertal and adult rabbits. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were significantly higher for weaners than growers, pubertal and adult rabbits. Feed cost and cost/kg gain was significantly higher for adult rabbits than weaners but similar with growers and pubertal rabbits. This study shows the potential of feeding several legumes to rabbits and also implies that studies with feed resources should extend beyond weaner and/or grower phase to give practical insight into the performance of rabbits up to market weight.
Growth indices and haematological parameters of weanling pigs fed dietary fumonisin B1
Authors: Gbore F. A. , Ogunlade J. T. , Ewuola E. O. , Egbunike G. N. 
Published: February 2021

The effects of dietary fumonism B1 (FB1), an environmental mycotoxin produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium, on performance and haematological parameters was investigated using 24 male Large White weanling pigs. The animals were divided into four groups, with six animals per group. Each group received one of the four diets containing approximately 0.20, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 mg FB1/kg constituting diets 1 - 4 respectively, in a completely randomized design. Blood sample was collected from each of the ear vein of each animal at the end of the 4- month feeding trial for haematological analysis. Lower feed intake and a non-significant (P>0.05), but FB1 concentration-dependent decrease in live and daily weight gains in animal fed diets 2, 3, and 4 were observed. Also, dietary FB1 generally ahd significant influence on haematological parameters. The daily and the final live weight gains of animals fed diet 4 were 92.3 and 92.6% respectively, of the control values. Animals fed diets containing 10 and 15 mg FB1/kg suffered significantly (P<0.05) reduced erythrogenesis, while only animals fed the diet containing the highest FB1 concentration suffered significantly (P<0.05) reduced concentration of red blood cells and reduced anaemia, with impaired respiratory capacity. The investigation demonstrated that dietary FB1 concentration above 5.0 mg/kg is a potential health risk that may induce adverse physiological response, which can be assesses using haematological parameters in growing pigs. The study suggests that the United States Food and Drug Administration's recommended maximum levels of 10 ppm (=10 mg/kp) total fumonisins in the diet is above the no-observable-effect level (NOEL) for swine.
Cost benefit analysis of level of Ziziphus (Ziziphus mauritiana) leaf meal inclusion in the diet of growing rabbits
Authors: Abdu S. B. , Hassan M. R. , Adamu H. Y. , Yashim S. M. , Abdulrashid M. , Duru S. , Jokthan G. E. 
Published: February 2021

Thirty (30) growing rabbits of mixed breeds and sexes with an average initial weight of 526.92±0.25g ere used for this study to determine the effect of level of inclusion of Ziziphus leaf meal (ZLM) in concentrate diet on the performance of growing rabbits. The experiment was in a completely randomized design involving five treatments, which represented five diets with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40% levels of ZLM inclusion. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in weight gains, feed intake and feed:gain ratios. Treatment 2 had the highest weight gain (though not significantly different (p>0.05) from treatment 1 and the best feed /gain values.The cost benefit analysis shows a 40.51 % reduction in the cost of feed, following a 10 % inclusion of ZLM in the diet (T2) over the control (T1), while 46.35 and 47.94 % reduction were observed following 20 and 30 % ZLM inclusion (T3 and T4) respectively. In term of apparent profit made, T1 recorded the highest profit (N 35.29) over all other treatments, which was followed by T2 (N30.49), T3 (N15.11) and T4 recorded the least (N 12.99). Inclusion of RHSM in the diet of rabbits resulted in reduction in the cost of feed and feed cost efficiency. From the results obtained it was concluded that dried ZLM could be incorporated up to 30% in the diets of growing rabbits without any adverse effect on their performance.
Visual assessment, proximate composition and cost analysis of three differently processed discarded vegetable-bovine blood-rumen content mixtures
Authors: Ekunseitan A. , Balogun O. O. , Eruvbetine D. , Abiola S. S. , Sogunle O. M. , Ogunade I. M. , Egbeyale L. T. , Ayoola A. A. , Akinola O. F. , Allison I.  B. , Osho S. O. 
Published: February 2021

With increased search for least-cost alternative feed resource in animal production, this study was conducted to determine the visual properties, chemical composition and cost analysis of three differently processed discarded vegetable-bovine blood-rumen content mixture as potential alternative feed resource. These mixtures were obtained by mixing whole bovine blood, discarded vegetable and rumen content at ratio 1:1:1 under different processing methods. The processed mixtures obtained were in three categories: discarded vegetable-fresh bovine blood-fresh rumen digesta (D1), discarded vegetable-ensiled bovine blood-fresh rumen digesta (D2) and discarded vegetable-fresh bovine blood-ensiled rumen digesta (D3). The mixtures were cooked and sun-dried to constant moisture content and thereafter were subjected to particle size reduction. Chemical composition of the products indicated a good potential nutritional quality with metabolizable energy and crude protein contents ranging from 9.66 to 10.49 MJ/kg and 40.79 to 50.21, respectively. Crude fibre concentrations were relatively low (8.39-13.14) for most of the products compared to conventional protein sources. Visual assessment of processed mixtures revealed D1 to be brownish in colour while D2 and D3 tend towards grey. In terms of odour, all three test mixtures were strongly pungent. Processed mixture D1 had an intermediate texture (it was neither finely ground nor coarse) where D2 and D3 had a finely ground texture. Cost analysis revealed a lower production cost for the three processed mixtures indicating its adequacy to replace soybean and other plant and animal protein sources in terms of their cost/kg inclusion in diet. Processed mixtures can serve as suitable replacements for soybean meal in terms of chemical constituents and reduced cost/kg feed for animal.
Heterotic effect on body weight and morphometric traits of crossbred buck kids of Red Sokoto and West African Dwarf goats
Authors: Nwachukwu E. N. , Okoji. G. U. 
Published: February 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of crossbreeding on body weight and morphometric traits of crossbred buck kids produced from a mating of Red Sokoto(RS) and West African Dwarf(WAD) goats in a humid tropical environment. Results showed that the main crossbred (RS x WAD) buck kids had significantly higher body weight at 20 weeks (8.98 ± 0.43kg) than the reciprocal (WAD X RS) individuals (8.22± 0.12kg) . The Red Sokoto (RS X RS) buck kids maintained overall superiority for body weight (10.48 ±0.49kg) and other morphometric traits namely; body length (72.62 ± 3.18cm), height-at-withers (54.62 ± 3.10cm) and heart girth (63.20 ± 2.41cm)than other genetic groups. Direct and percentage heterosis for body weight and the morphometric traits were positive for the RS x WAD buck kids except for body length which was negative. The reciprocal WAD x RS buck kids had negative values for all measured parameters indicating that the WAD sired buck kids showed no improvement for these body traits following crossbreeding. It was therefore concluded that rapid improvement in growth traits of WAD goats could be achieved by main crossbreeding involving mating of RS bucks with WAD does.
Evaluation of fermented pineapple (Ananas comosus) peel meal as a substitute for maize meal in the diet of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Obasa S. O. , Alegbeleye W. O. , George F. O. A. , Abdul W. O. , Bamidele N. A. , Okon M. T. , Olaleye W. I. 
Published: February 2021

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of fermented pineapple peel meal (FPM) on Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. One hundred and eighty (180) fingerlings of Nile tilapia (1.35±0.13g) were stocked and fed at 5% body weight per day for 56 days. Four iso-nitrogenous diets containing 35% crude protein in which corn meal was replaced by fermented pineapple peel meal at 0% (FPM0), 25% (FPM25), 50% (FPM50) and 75% (FPM75) were formulated and prepared. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in growth, nutrient utilization, survival, protein digestibility and blood parameters between the fish fed the reference diet (FPM0) and fish fed diet FPM75. Weight gain (3.57g) was highest in fish fed diet FPM75 and lowest (2.18g) in fish fed diet FPM50. Feed conversion ratio was lowest (1.70) in fish fed diet FPM25 and highest (1.77) in fish fed diet FPM50 while protein efficiency ratio was highest in fish fed diets FPM0 (1.22) and lowest (I.03) in fish fed diet FPM50.Highest value of packed cell volume (36.33%) was in fish fed diet FPM25 while the lowest value (33.00%) was recorded in fish fed diet FPM75. From the above results therefore, yellow maize could be replaced with fermented pineapple peel meal at 75% level in the diet of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus without affecting fish growth, nutrient utilisation, protein digestibility and the blood profile.
Comparative chemical composition of 24-hour fermented sweet orange fruit (Citrus sinensis) peel meal and maize and effect on performance response of starting pullet chicks
Authors: Oyewole B. O. , Oluremi O. I. A. , Aribido S. O. , Ayoade J. A. 
Published: February 2021

The study evaluated the effect of 24-hour fermentation of sweet orange fruit (Citrus sinensis) peel meal (24SOFPM) on its chemical composition and performance response to graded levels of peel meal in the diets of pullet chicks. Dry matter, crude protein and phosphorus level in 24SOFPM were close to that of maize. While limonene was higher in 24SOPFM, phytate was higher in maize than the 24SOPFM. One hundred and forty-four fourteen dayold Nera black pullet chicks were assigned to four experimental diets F0, F10, F20 and F30. SOPFM substituted maize in F0, F10, F20 and F30 respectively at 0, 10, 20 and 30%. The feeding trial lasted the remaining 6 weeks of the chicks’ phase. The study design was Completely Randomized Design. Daily feed intake was not significantly different (p>0.05). Average body weight gain was significantly different (p<0.05) and was depressed with no definite pattern in the SOPFM based diets. FCR was significantly different (p<0.05). Substitution of maize with SOFPM significantly (p<0.05) reduced feed cost/25kg, feed cost/bird and cost of production while decreasing efficiency of feed utilization for growth. Apparently, SOPFM might be a potential feedstuff which could substitute a proportion of maize in pullet chick’s diet when fermented for 24 hours.
Growth indices, haematological and serum biochemical response of weaned rabbits fed growth promoters
Authors: Ewuola E. O. , Omoniyi B. A. , Omotoso J. O. 
Published: February 2021

The use of feed additives and plant extracts in rabbit husbandry offers an acceptable way to improve welfare, health and meat quality of rabbits as alternative to the use of antibiotics. In a six-week feeding trial, growth rate, nutrient digestibility, haematology and serum biochemical indices of weaned rabbits fed dietary prebiotics and probiotics as natural growth promoters were investigated. Thirty–two weaned crossbred rabbits of 6–week old with average weight of 446.75±32.1g were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments. Diet 1 served as the control without test ingredients while diets 2 (prebiotics-Biotronic®at 4kg/ton), 3 (probiotics- Biovet®-YC at 500g/ton) and 4 (symbiotics: Biotronic® SE and Biovet®-YC) were other treatments. Feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency, nutrient digestibility, haematological and serum biochemical variables were monitored. The design of the experiment was a completely randomized design. Feed intake was similar among dietary treatments while weight gain of rabbits fed diets 1, 2 and 3 was the same but significantly (p<0.05) higher than rabbits fed diet 4. Feed conversion ratio was not significantly influenced by the treatments. Feed efficiency was significantly (p<0.05) higher in rabbits fed symbiotic supplemented diets compared to others. The dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre, ash, nitrogen free extracts and ether extract digestibility were significantly (p<0.05) higher in rabbits fed diets 2 and 3 than those on diets 4 and the control. Packed cell volume and haemoglobin were significantly (p<0.05) higher in rabbits fed diets 3 and 4 than diets 1 and 2. Erythrocyte and leukocyte count were not significantly different among the treatments. Total protein, albumin and globulin examined revealed that they were not significantly influenced by the dietary treatments, however, alkaline phosphatase was significantly (p<0.05) higher in rabbits fed test diets than the control. Biotronic®SE and Biovet® -YC in this study had a potential to enhance growth in rabbit when used as feed additive without any adverse effect on health status of the animal.