bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Catalytic Efficiency of L‐amino Acid Deaminase Achieved by a Shorter Hydride Transfer Distance
Authors: Wu Yaoyun , Zhang Sheng , Song Wei , Liu Jia , Chen Xiulai , Hu Guipeng , Zhou Yiwen , Liu Liming , Wu Jing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAbstract: A sustainable enzymatic synthesis of α‐keto acids from α‐amino acids deamination remains limited by the low catalytic efficiency of L‐amino acid deaminase (LAAD, EC 1.4.3.2). In this study, the catalytic distance D1 between the substrate αC−H and the cofactor FAD N(5) was identified as the key factor limiting efficiency of Proteus mirabilis PmiLAAD based on elucidation of catalytic mechanism. A protein engineering strategy was developed to shorten the distance D1 and get two variants W1 (exhibited for short‐chain aliphatic amino acids and charged amino acids) and W2( exhibited for large aromatic amino acids and sulfur‐containing amino acids). The reason is the two variants altered the binding pose of the substrate, α‐hydrogen was improved to be more perpendicular against the plain of the isoalloxazine ring causing the angle between the substrates’ αC−H, FAD N(5), and FAD N(10) to approach 90°. Finally, PmiLAAD variants (W1 and W2)were used in one pot in a parallel way, thus obtain strain S3, which exhibited conversion >90 % and titer >100 g/L toward six selected substrates. These results provide the basis for improving industrial production of α‐keto acids via microbial deamination of α‐amino acids.
Assembly of a Highly Efficient Molecular Device with (CNCbl)‐MWCNT/CP as Electrode for CO2 Reduction Coupled to Water Oxidation
Authors: Chen Xuyang , Sun Wenxuan , Meng Xiangfen , Gao Yan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, a novel molecular device was assembled with cyanocobalamin (CNCbl)‐MWCNT/CP as an electrode for CO2 reduction coupled to water oxidation. In the half cell of water oxidation, the electrode displayed a stable current density of more than 10 h, showing excellent electrocatalytic stability of CNCbl‐MWCNT/CP. For only CO2 reduction, the electrode displayed a turnover number (TONCO) and turnover frequency (TOFCO) of 295390 and 8.2 s−1, respectively, and excellent Faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 96 % at −1.0 V vs. RHE. When using (CNCbl)‐MWCNT/CP as a bifunctional electrode in a full‐cell system for 3 h at 2.7 V, the gas products were 63.89 μmol of CO, 2.42 μmol of H2, and 26.93 μmol of O2, showing a high FECO of ca. 92 %. The unique structural advantages of CNCbl could improve electrocatalytic CO2 reduction and water oxidation.
A Novel Salen‐based Porous Framework Polymer as Durable Anode for Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Zhang Xinlu , Wang Jiachen , Yu Caiyan , Li Haibo , Meng Fanyue , Lu Ting , Pan Likun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOrganic electrode materials with abundant resources, environmental friendliness and recyclability play a crucial role in rechargeable lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, the inferior electrical conductivity and unsatisfactory long‐term cycling performance seriously impede their large‐scale application in LIBs. Herein, a novel salen‐based porous framework polymer (SPP) with a large conjugated skeleton was constructed and utilized as anode for LIBs. Owing to its unique architecture with a large conjugated skeleton facilitating the electron transport, rich pores accelerating the organic electrolyte infiltration, and stable skeleton structure improving the long‐term cycling performance, SPP delivered a high specific capacity of 337 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C (1 C=250 mA g−1) after 100 cycles, and robust rate capacity of 95.5 mA h g−1 at 32 C. Importantly, an impressive long‐term cycling performance with a storage capacity of 155.7 mA h g−1 at 8 C after 4000 cycles was obtained, showing a durable cyclic stability of SPP. Furthermore, the lithium storage mechanism of SPP was evaluated by ex‐situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, manifesting that the multiple active sites of C=N, −OH, and benzene ring were responsible for the superior lithium storage performance. The novel SPP presented in this work should be a promising organic electrode for energy storage applications.
Sedimentary evolution of the Dawan travertines and their geological environmental significance, Huanglong, China
Authors: Qiu Shoubin , Wang Fudong , Dong Faqin , Tian Fuyuchuan , Zhao Xueqin , Dai Qunwei , Li Qiongfang , Zhu Yuyin , Wang Yanwen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Huanglong travertine landscape, which is located on the eastern edge of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, is a World Natural Heritage Site with important tourism, aesthetic and scientific research value. However, no convincing travertine sedimentary age data have been reported for this area, and these late Cenozoic terrestrial carbonates have not been effectively included in studies of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau geological environment. In this study, U‐series dating of the travertines was carried out using a multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer to determine a time series for travertine deposition in the Dawan Valley (only a mountain away from Huanglong). The analyses of the processes operating during travertine deposition as the trench system evolved are performed based on a comprehensive study of the geological setting, structure and glacial landforms. The results suggest that travertine deposition in the Dawan Valley started at ca 13 ka and had begun to wane by the early Holocene (ca 7 ka). At the same time, the Huanglong Valley travertines began to be deposited on a large scale in response to a hydrological transition event. This event might reflect tectonic activity in particular, or possibly earthquakes or glacial retreat caused by climate warming. The findings reported here provide age data for late Cenozoic geological and environmental events such as climate variations and continental activity on the eastern margin of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. It also presents new insights for research on glaciation, tectonic activity and seismicity; however, depositional breaks and forcing factors need to be explored further.
Red blood cell derived extracellular vesicles during the process of autologous blood doping
Authors: Voss S. C. , Yassin M. , Grivel J. C. , Al Hmissi S. , Allahverdi N. , Nashwan A. , Merenkov Z. , Abdulla M. , Al Malki A. , Raynaud C. , Elsaftawy W. , Al Kaabi A. , Donati F. , Botre F. , Mohamed Ali V. , Georgakopoulos C. , Al Maadheed M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of the transfusion of one erythrocyte concentrate on the number of circulating red blood cell extracellular vesicles (RBC‐EVs) and their clearance time. Six, healthy volunteers donated their blood and were transfused with their RBC concentrate after 35–36 days of storage. One K2EDTA and one serum sample were collected before donation, at four timepoints after donation and at another six timepoints after transfusion. RBC‐EVs were analyzed on a Cytek Aurora flow cytometer. A highly significant increase (p < 0.001) of RBC‐EVs from an average of 60.1 ± 19.8 (103/μL) at baseline to 179.3 ± 84.7 (103/μL) in the first 1–3 h after transfusion could be observed. Individual differences in the response to transfusion became apparent with one volunteer showing no increase and another an increased concentration at one timepoint after donation due to an influenza infection. We concluded that in an individualized passport approach, increased RBC‐EVs might be considered as additional evidence when interpreting suspicious Athletes Biological Passport (ABPs) but for this additional research related to sample collection and transport processes as well as method development and harmonization would be necessary.
Probing Amyloid Nanostructures Using Photoluminescent Metal Complexes
Authors: Jiang Bo , Martí Angel A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmyloid aggregates have been linked to the onset of multiple human neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson disease and type II diabetes. The detection of these aggregates is critical for understanding the mechanism and factors that lead to aggregation. In the recent decades, photoluminescence spectroscopy has been utilized to study amyloid aggregation, allowing the development of interesting therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. With the advancement of photoluminescence spectroscopy, metal complexes have led to the detection of amyloid aggregates due to their distinct properties. In the presence of amyloid aggregates, these metal complexes exhibit specific responses such as intensity changes, shift in emission wavelength, variations in lifetime and anisotropy changes. In this minireview, we provide an overview of the photoluminescent metal complexes used for the detection of amyloid aggregates, including Ru(II), Re(I), Ir(III) and Pt(II) complexes.
Simultaneous Electrodeposition of Reduced Graphene Quantum Dots/Copper Oxide Nanocomposite on the Surface of Carbon Ceramic Electrode for the Electroanalysis of Adenine and Guanine
Authors: Mohammad‐Rezaei Rahim , Abbas‐Zadeh Javad , Golmohammadpour Mahdi , Hosseinzadeh Elyas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, simultaneous deposition of copper oxide and electro‐reduced graphene quantum dots (ErGQDs) on the surface of carbon ceramic electrode (CCE) was reported. The prepared ErGQDs‐CuO/CCE was carefully characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, fluorescence spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical techniques in details. According to scan rate studies in hexacyanoferrate, a remarkable increase in the surface coverage in the presence of ErGQDs was achieved. According to square wave voltammetry results, limit of detection, linear range and sensitivity of the developed biosensor for the simultaneous measurement of Adenine (A) and Guanine (G) were obtained to be 0.041 and 0.111 μM, 0.1–13 μM and 0.25–23 μM, and 4.261 and 1.311 μA μM cm−2 respectively.
Effect of ground rice husk ash on engineering properties and hydration products of SRC eco‐cement
Authors: Bui Phuong‐Trinh , Ngo Trung , Huynh Trong‐Phuoc 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe effect of ground rice husk ash (GRHA) (R) on engineering properties and hydration products of eco‐cements containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) (S) and circulating fluidized bed combustion ash (CFA) (C) was studied. Four mixture proportions of SRC eco‐cements with GRHA replacement at levels of 0%, 15%, 30%, and 45% by mass of binder were investigated. A reference mixture proportion of paste with 100% ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was prepared for comparison purposes. A series of laboratory tests including setting time, compressive strength, water absorption, porosity, thermal conductivity, scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was carried out. Measured results showed that the GRHA increased setting time and porosity in the SRC eco‐cements having a water‐to‐powder (w/p) of 0.4, leading to the decrease in compressive strength and thermal conductivity while the increase in water absorption. The GRHA increased the cristobalite amount and decreased the portlandite amount in the SRC eco‐cements at the age of 28 days, resulting in the more significant long‐term compressive strength development when compared with the reference paste with 100% OPC. Consequently, the GRHA could be used at a level of 15% by mass of binder to produce the SRC eco‐cement with the compressive strength at 28 days of higher than 30 MPa and the thermal conductivity of 0.713 W/mK, resulting from the formations of AFt, C–S–H, and C–A–S–H gels.
Pluri‐decadal evolution of rock glaciers surface velocity and its impact on sediment export rates towards high alpine torrents
Authors: Kummert Mario , Bodin Xavier , Braillard Luc , Delaloye Reynald 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe acceleration of surface velocities observed over the last two decades on monitored rock glaciers worldwide is a widespread signal of the probable control of warming air temperatures on long‐term permafrost creep. Yet, the actual consequences of this acceleration on sediment availability in high mountain catchments have never been properly estimated at the pluri‐decadal scale. The present study evaluates the sediment transfer activity between five rock glaciers located in the western European Alps and the headwaters of the torrential channels they are respectively connected to. It reposes on the orthorectification of aerial images available generally from the 1960s to the mid‐2010, to reconstruct time‐series of (i) horizontal surface velocities and (ii) frontal erosion rates. Values of horizontal velocity are retrieved by tracking the displacement of boulders on the surface of rock glaciers between consecutive images while erosion rates affecting the fronts are calculated by combining these values of displacement with the geometry of the front (mean width and rock glacier thickness) derived from recent high‐resolution digital elevation models. Results confirm the general acceleration of rock glaciers surface velocities since the 1970s and indicate that this accelerating trend is causing an increase in the erosion rates calculated at the front of most studied rock glaciers. In some cases and over specific periods however, the acceleration resulted in the advance of the whole landforms over their own sediments, leading to a comparatively low sediment export towards the torrents.
Onosma mutabilis: Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and acute oral toxicity
Authors: Jabbar Ahmed Aj. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe traditional use of Onosma L. species as a remedy motivated scientists to discover great biological/pharmacological potentials in this plant. In the current study, in addition to the phytochemical composition of methanol (MeOH), water, and ethyl acetate extract of aerial parts of Onosma mutabilis Boiss., an endemic plant species in the flora of Kurdistan, Iraq, in vitro antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and oral toxicity activity were investigated. Results of total phenolic and total flavonoid tests show the MeOH extract superiority, and the results of Gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometer(GS/GS‐MS) show 18 chemical compounds in the MeOH extract, and the majority of the detected compounds were alkaloids (78.77%) and steroids (11.48%), namely as 5,8‐dihydroxy‐2‐(4‐methylpent‐3‐enyl) naphthalene‐1,4‐dione (48.60%), 3‐O‐Methyl‐d‐glucose (27.49%), β‐Sitosterol (6.81%), Phenol, 2,4‐bis (1,1‐dimethyl ethyl)‐, phosphite (3.46%), and 24,25‐Dihydroxycholecalciferol (3.14%). Results of the antioxidant tests show the MeOH extract superiority in the phosphomolybdenum assay, radical scavenging [on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS)] assays, and reducing power [cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)] assays (1.45, 3.54, 2.33, 1.12, 1.62, mg/ml, respectively). The cytotoxicity results of the plant extract are presented as IC50 (inhibitory concentration at 50%) on the prostate cancer cells (DU‐145), mammary cancer cells (MCF‐7), and human cervix carcinoma (Hep2c), at which values ranged from 28.79 to 41.83 μg/ml. Results of the acute toxicity in the dose‐dependent trail (100, 200, 300, 600 mg/kg of MeOH) show the absence of the behavior and appearance changes of female Wister rats. Overall, O. mutabilis extract exhibited significant natural potentials probably because of its polar phytochemicals, which could be an alternative source for remedial, nutrient, and cosmetic manufacture.
Comparative metabolomics reveals differences in primary and secondary metabolites between “Shixia” and “Chuliang” longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) pulp
Authors: Lai Tingting , Shuai Liang , Han Dongmei , Lai Ziying , Du Xinxin , Guo Xiaomeng , Hu Wenshun , Wu Zhenxian , Luo Tao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLongan was a characteristic fruit for both medicine and food in China, which was rich in primary and secondary metabolites. Comprehensive high‐throughput identification and comparison of metabolites in longan pulp among different varieties were still lacked. “Shixia” (SX) and “Chuliang” (CL) were the biggest major cultivars of longan in China. In this study, the content of total soluble solid, total flavonoid, and total phenolics indicated the difference of sweetness and bioactive compound content between the SX and CL pulp. Through a widely targeted metabolome, a total of 514 metabolites were identified and categorized into 23 groups mainly including flavonoids, amino acids & derivatives, lipids, phenolic acids, nucleotides & derivatives, alkaloids, organic acids and sugars & derivatives. A total of 89 metabolites with significantly differential accumulation (variable importance in projection (VIP) value ≧1, p‐value <.05) over 1.2 fold were found between SX and CL, which were mainly enriched into pathways including flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and arginine and proline metabolism. Higher leveled hexose and hexose‐phosphate (i.e., β‐D‐glucose, D(+)‐glucose, glucose‐1‐phosphate and glucose‐6‐phosphate), dominant organic acids (i.e., citric acid, succinic acid, D‐malic acid, and citramalate), and essential amino acids (L‐threonine, L‐valine, L‐isoleucine, L‐leucine, L‐phenylalanine and L‐lysine) in SX pulp might be contributed to the taste and flavor difference between SX and CL. Moreover, the greatly differential accumulated secondary metabolites especially flavonoids and phenolic acids might result in different medicinal and nutritional characteristic between SX and CL. In conclusion, this study provided a systemic metabolic basis for understanding the nutritional differences between SX and CL and would help deepen the molecular biology and pharmacology research on characteristic metabolites in longan pulp.
Dependence of clay wettability on gas density
Authors: Fauziah Cut Aja , Al‐Yaseri Ahmed Z. , Al‐Khdheeawi Emad A. , Feng Runhua , Lagat Christopher , Roshan Hamid , Iglauer Stefan , Barifcani Ahmed 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnderstanding wettability of clay minerals is crucial in assessing primary migration of hydrocarbon and evaluating CO2 storage capacities and containment security. In spite of recent efforts, there is considerable uncertainty of experimental data and theoretical predictions are lacking. We, therefore, developed new correlations to predict the advancing and receding contact angles of three different clay minerals (i.e., montmorillonite, Illite and kaolinite) as a function of gas density. To do so, we first measured clay minerals advancing and receding contact angles for helium, nitrogen, argon and carbon dioxide/brine systems at various pressures (5, 10, 15 and 20 MPa) and a constant temperature of 333 K. The statistical analysis shows that the developed correlations are capable of predicting the contact angles of the three clay minerals with very high accuracy (i.e., R > 0.95, for all the newly developed correlations). We thus conclude that the wettability of these clay minerals can be computed from knowledge of the gas densities, using these new empirical correlations. This work has important implications for improving wettability predictions, and thus reducing risks related to subsurface operations, such as CO2 storage or hydrocarbon recovery. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring the impact of calorie labeling: The mechanisms behind changes in obesity
Authors: Aranda Rodrigo , Darden Michael , Rose Donald 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLearning the true calorie content of fast food may induce consumers to change behavior, yet recent evidence is mixed on whether calorie labels cause consumers to order healthier meals. Especially for individuals for whom consumption of highly caloric fast‐food is habitual, a rational response to calorie labeling may instead be to maintain consumption levels but increase physical activity. Using American Time Use Survey data from 2004 to 2012, we show that the 2008 New York City Calorie Labeling Mandate significantly improved several measures of physical activity, including overall metabolic equivalents of task units and minutes of sedentary activity. Our results translate to an average extra 28 calories burned per day or a 0.6 kg weight decrease for the average person over one year. These results provide a plausible mechanism for calorie labeling mandates to lower obesity rates, which we demonstrate in the New York City context.
Characterizing the risk interplay between alcohol intake and body mass index on cirrhosis morbidity
Authors: Innes Hamish , Crooks Colin J. , Aspinall Esther , Card Tim R. , Hamill Victoria , Dillon John , Guha Neil I. , Hayes Peter C. , Hutchinson Sharon , West Joe , Morling Joanne R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
It is thought that alcohol intake and body mass index (BMI) interact supra‐additively to modulate the risk of cirrhosis, but evidence for this phenomenon is limited. We investigated the interrelationship between alcohol and BMI on the incidence of cirrhosis morbidity for participants of the United Kingdom Biobank (UKB) study.

Approach and Results
The primary outcome was the cumulative incidence of cirrhosis morbidity, defined as a first‐time hospital admission for cirrhosis (with noncirrhosis mortality incorporated as a competing risk). All UKB participants without a previous hospital admission for cirrhosis were included in the analysis. We determined the ratio of the 10‐year cumulative incidence in harmful drinkers versus safe drinkers according to BMI. We also calculated the excess cumulative incidence at 10 years for individuals with obesity and/or harmful alcohol compared to safe drinkers with a healthy BMI of 20–25.0 kg/m2. A total of 489,285 UK Biobank participants were included, with mean of 10.7 person‐years’ follow‐up. A total of 2070 participants developed the primary outcome, equating to a crude cumulative incidence of 0.36% at 10 years (95% CI:0.34–0.38). The 10‐year cumulative incidence was 8.6 times higher for harmful (1.38%) versus safe drinkers (0.16%) if BMI was healthy. Conversely, it was only 3.6 times higher for obese participants (1.99% vs. 0.56%). Excess cumulative incidence was 1.22% (95% CI:0.89–1.55) for harmful drinkers with a healthy BMI, 0.40% (95% CI:0.34–0.46) for obese individuals drinking at safe levels, and 1.83% (95% CI:1.46–2.20) for obese harmful drinkers (all compared to safe drinkers with a healthy BMI).

Conclusions
Alcohol intake and obesity are independent risk factors for cirrhosis morbidity, but they do not interact supra‐additively to modulate the cumulative incidence of this outcome.