bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy coupled with machine learning as a tool for olive oil authenticity and geographic discrimination
Authors: Gyftokostas Nikolaos , Stefas Dimitrios , Kokkinos Vasileios , Bouras Christos , Couris Stelios 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOlive oil is a basic element of the Mediterranean diet and a key product for the economies of the Mediterranean countries. Thus, there is an added incentive in the olive oil business for fraud through practices like adulteration and mislabeling. In the present work, Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) assisted by machine learning is used for the classification of 139 virgin olive oils in terms of their geographical origin. The LIBS spectra of these olive oil samples were used to train different machine learning algorithms, namely LDA, ERTC, RFC, XGBoost, and to assess their classification performance. In addition, the variable importance of the spectral features was calculated, for the identification of the most important ones for the classification performance and to reduce their number for the algorithmic training. The algorithmic training was evaluated and tested by means of classification reports, confusion matrices and by external validation procedure as well. The present results demonstrate that machine learning aided LIBS can be a powerful and efficient tool for the rapid authentication of the geographic origin of virgin olive oil.
Direct measurement of radiation exposure dose to individual organs during diagnostic computed tomography examination
Authors: Yamashita Kazuta , Higashino Kosaku , Hayashi Hiroaki , Takegami Kazuki , Hayashi Fumio , Tsuruo Yoshihiro , Sairyo Koichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIonizing radiation from Computed tomography (CT) examinations and the associated health risks are growing concerns. The purpose of this study was to directly measure individual organ doses during routine clinical CT scanning protocols and to evaluate how these measurements vary with scanning conditions. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeters were surgically implanted into individual organs of fresh non-embalmed whole-body cadavers. Whole-body, head, chest, and abdomen CT scans were taken of 6 cadavers by simulating common clinical methods. The dosimeters were extracted and the radiation exposure doses for each organ were calculated. Average values were used for analysis. Measured individual organ doses for whole-body routine CT protocol were less than 20 mGy for all organs. The measured doses of surface/shallow organs were higher than those of deep organs under the same irradiation conditions. At the same tube voltage and tube current, all internal organ doses were significantly higher for whole-body scans compared with abdominal scans. This study could provide valuable information on individual organ doses and their trends under various scanning conditions. These data could be referenced and used when considering CT examination in daily clinical situations.
Motorcycle crashes and upper extremity trauma
Authors: Cravez Erin , Rankin Kelsey A. , Ondeck Nathaniel , Yaari Lee , Leslie Michael , Swigart Carrie , Wiznia Daniel H. 
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Upper extremity injuries following motorcycle crashes (MCC) incur increased healthcare costs and rehabilitation needs. We aim to characterize the epidemiology of MCC upper extremity injuries and identify factors that influence the severity of and cost of care for upper extremity injuries. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 571 patients with upper extremity injuries after MCC at a level 1 trauma center from 2002 to 2013. We collected data pertaining to demographics, helmet use, toxicology, bony injury, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), hospital length of stay (LOS), and cost. Continuous variables were compared using t-test or Wilcoxon rank test, depending on data distribution, and dichotomous variables were compared using Pearson’s chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests. Regression models were used to evaluate the effect of intoxication or helmets on injury location, severity, cost of care, and LOS. Results: The incidence of MCC upper extremity injury was 47.5%, with hand and forearm fractures the most common injuries (25.5% and 24.7% of total injuries). Intoxicated patients were more likely to have a high cost of care (p = 0.012), extended LOS (p = 0.038), plastic surgery involvement in their care (p = 0.038), but fewer upper extremity bony injuries (p = 0.019). Non-helmeted patients sustained less upper extremity bony injuries (p < 0.001) and upper extremity soft tissue injuries (p = 0.001), yet more severe injuries (ISS ≥ 30, p = 0.006 and GCS < 9, p < 0.01) than helmeted patients. Conclusion: Upper extremity injuries are common in motorcyclists. Despite vital protection for the brain and maxillofacial injury, helmeted MCC patients have an increased incidence of upper extremity injuries compared to non-helmeted patients, but overall have less severe injuries. Intoxicated patients have fewer upper extremity bony injuries, but the higher cost of care, and extended LOS. Therefore, even with the increased risk of injury helmets may expose to the upper extremity, helmets reduced overall morbidity and mortality. In addition to mandatory helmet laws, we advocate for further development of safety equipment focusing specifically on the prevention of upper extremity injuries.
Die Entdeckung der Bisphosphonate (Prof. Dr. Ingo J. Diel)
Authors: Diel Ingo J. 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungBisphosphonate spielen in der Behandlung osteologischer Erkrankungen eine bedeutende Rolle. Durch Hemmung der Osteoklastenaktivität werden skelettale Komplikationen im Verlauf einer Osteoporose oder einer Knochenmetastasierung signifikant reduziert. Bisphosphonate wurden zunächst als Weichmacher und Stabilisatoren industriell genutzt. Seit den 60er-Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts nahm die Entwicklung der Substanzen auch in der Medizin einen rasanten Verlauf, zunächst bei der Behandlung der Hyperkalzämie, der ektopen Ossifikationen und des Morbus Paget, später bei den bereits oben erwähnten Indikationen. Die industrielle und medizinische Erforschung der Bisphosphonate ist unter historischen Aspekten gut belegt. Hingegen sind die Quellen der frühen, ersten Entdeckung spärlich und kaum bekannt. In der vorliegenden Publikation wird die Arbeit des Apothekers Th. Salzer aus Worms gewürdigt, der als Erster die unterphosphorige Säure (identisch mit Etidronat) entdeckt und beschrieben hat, ohne sie endgültig analysieren zu können. Dieses Verdienst kam H. von Baeyer und A. Hofmann zu, die 1897 ihre bekannte Publikation veröffentlichten. Auch wenn H. von Baeyer nur eine kurzfristige Bekanntschaft mit den Bisphosphonaten einging, so spielte er für die Entwicklung des Faches Orthopädie in Deutschland, bis zu seiner Entlassung durch die Nationalsozialisten, eine hervorragende Rolle. Da in der Orthopädie die Anwendung der Bisphosphonate eine weite Verbreitung gefunden hat, werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit die Verdienste Hans v. Baeyers hervorgehoben.
Zusammenhang zwischen dem Burnout-Risiko und individuellen Stressverarbeitungsstrategien bei Kindergartenerzieherinnen
Authors: Darius Sabine , Hohmann Christina Barbara , Siegel Lydia , Böckelmann Irina 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungErzieherinnen in Kindertagesstätten sind vielfältigen Belastungen ausgesetzt, die zu psychischen Beeinträchtigungen und Erkrankungen führen können. Für die Leistungsfähigkeit und das Wohlbefinden der Erzieherinnen ist ein Gleichgewicht zwischen Belastungen und Ressourcen notwendig. Ziel der Studie war es, Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Burnout-Risiko und personalen Ressourcen zu untersuchen, um daraus Ansätze für Präventionsmaßnahmen abzuleiten. An der Untersuchung nahmen 200 Erzieherinnen aus Magdeburg und Umgebung im Alter von 43,6±12,6 Jahren freiwillig teil. Für die Erhebung des Burnout-Risikos wurde das MBI-GS-Inventar verwendet. Stressverarbeitungsstrategien als personale Ressourcen wurden mit dem Stressverarbeitungsbogen (SVF) erfasst. Bei 9 (4,5 %) Erzieherinnen wurde ein Burnout-Risiko festgestellt, 68 (34 %) litten zumindest an einigen Burnout-Symptomen. Bei Erzieherinnen mit Burnout-Risiko lagen signifikant mehr negative Stressverarbeitungsstrategien vor. Präventiv sollte ein ressourcenorientierter Ansatz gestärkt werden, um die Gesundheit der Erzieherinnen zu erhalten und einem Burnout-Syndrom vorzubeugen.
Photoresist as a choice of molecularly thin gate dielectrics in graphene-based devices
Authors: Zhou Minmin , Zhang Dehui , Zhang Dakuan , Sun Huabin , Liu Zhe , Chen Tianhong , Liu Che-Hong , Wang Xinran , Zhong Zhaohui , Shi Yi 
Published: March 2021

Ultra-thin polymeric dielectrics are of great interest for the ever-increasing development of high-performance novel electronics. Up to date, the fabrication of polymer layers as thin as few nanometers is still an extremely demanding process. Here, we report a facile method to fabricate molecularly thin (4 nm–5 nm) plasma-hardened photoresist (PHPR) layers by applying O2 plasma to treat the surface of the photoresist (SPR 220) to cross-link the constituent novolac resin. It is found that such ultra-thin PHPR layers also possess molecular-scale smoothness, superior chemical resistance, and thermal endurance. Furthermore, we develop an in situ transfer technique that is compatible with the planar process to stabilize the patterning of the PHPR layers. By using PHPR layers as the gate dielectric and tunneling barrier (breakdown strength up to 500 kV/mm), a graphene-PHPR-graphene (G-PHPR-G) sandwich-like structure is demonstrated, exhibiting a high photo-responsivity (&gt;13 A/W) under low operating voltages (&lt;1 V), which enables the ultra-thin PHPR layers to be a very promising candidate for the dielectrics in low-power, flexible electronic applications.
Initiation of Nonmedical use of Prescription Opioids among High School Students
Authors: Deputy Nicholas P. , Lowry Richard , Clayton Heather B. , Demissie Zewditu , Bohm Michele K. , Conklin Sarah 
Published: March 2021

Background Nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NUPO) is associated with heroin use and other adverse outcomes among adolescents. To inform the timing of substance use prevention activities and which substances to target, we examined age at NUPO initiation, associations between substance use initiation and current (past 30-day) NUPO, and order of NUPO initiation relative to other substances. Methods Data from 2,834 students aged 15 or older participating in the 2017 Virginia Youth Survey, the first Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System survey to assess age at NUPO initiation and current NUPO, were analyzed in 2019. Students reported current NUPO and ages at initiation for cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana, and NUPO (categorized as 12 or younger, 13 or 14, 15 or older, or never). Associations between age at substance use initiation and current NUPO were examined using adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Overall, 12% of students reported lifetime NUPO, with 2.4%, 4.0%, and 5.6% initiating at 12 or younger, 13 or 14, and 15 or older, respectively; 5.3% reported current NUPO. Initiating cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana at each age category (compared with never) was associated with an increased prevalence of current NUPO after adjusting for demographics and initiation of other substances. Among students initiating NUPO, initiating NUPO at 12 or younger (compared with 15 or older) was associated with an increased prevalence of current NUPO after adjusting for demographics (aPR = 1.54, 95% CI: 1.10–2.16), but not after further adjustment for initiation of other substances (aPR = 1.38, 95% CI = 0.97–1.97). Among students initiating NUPO, 45.4% initiated NUPO before or during the same age as other substances. Conclusions More than 6% of students initiated NUPO at 14 or younger. Younger substance use initiation was associated with current NUPO, suggesting that some students may benefit from prevention activities during early adolescence that address multiple substances.
Dependence of blistering and deuterium retention on damage depth in damaged tungsten exposed to deuterium plasma
Authors: Wang Shiwei , Guo Wangguo , Cheng Long , Schwarz-Selinger Thomas , Liu Mi , Zhu Xiuli , Yuan Yue , Fu Engang , Lu Guang-Hong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The effect of different damage depth on blistering and deuterium (D) retention has been investigated in heavy-ion-damaged tungsten (W) with exposure to D plasma (40 eV, 1 × 1022 ions m−2 s−1) at 550 K. Different damage depths are realized via copper (Cu) ion irradiation with energies of 1, 3, and 6 MeV on W samples with the same calculated peak damage level of 0.5 dpa. The plasma-induced blister density reduces with increasing damage depth, which is explained based on the recently proposed dislocation nucleation mechanism of blistering. Comparison of D retention measured by nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) reveals that retention at depths larger than 7.4 μm—which is far beyond the ion damage depth—increases with damage depth. Such a phenomenon indicates a gradual increase of diffusion flux inside the damaged sample with the increasing damage depth. It is suggested that it originates from the observed difference in blister density. Besides the widely acknowledged enhanced D retention due to ion damage, this work shows a strong impact of the damage depth on blistering such as the blister density, and by which the D diffusion flux inside W and total D retention are further affected.
Fragmenting complex network based on non-backtracking matrix
Authors: Yuan Rong-Hua , Tan Fu-Rui , Chen Wen-Zhou , Zhou Ming-Yang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Identifying the influential nodes to fragment a network is of significant importance in hindering the spread of epidemics and maximizing the influence of advertisements. Here, we address the problem by minimizing the largest eigenvalue of the non-backtracking matrices of networks, based on which a novel method is proposed to identify the optimal influential nodes. Interestingly, the proposed method could find some particular nodes to fragment complex networks. Experiments in real networks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Pressure filtration of the Newtonian fluid in the Darsi-Brinkman approximation through the horizontal porous rectangular channel with orthotropic anisotropy
Authors: Ryazhskikh V I , Konovalov D A , Kozhukhov N N , Ryazhskikh A V , Nikolenko A V , Portnov V V 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We propose a mathematical model of the pressure flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in a porous horizontal channel with a rectangular cross section having an anisotropic structure described by an orthotropic tensor. The motion of the Newtonian fluid was assumed to be laminar (internal Reynolds number Re<50) and inertialess, as well as unidirectional along the axial direction of the porous channel, which allowed us to use the Darcy-Brinkman phenomenological equation, for which we formulated an initial-boundary-value problem, the solution of which we obtained analytically using a one-sided integral Laplace transformation and the finite integral Fourier transformation. A comparative analysis with known experimental data showed the correctness of the physical linearization of the Darcy-Brinkman equations. We show that mathematically filtering in a porous isotropic and anisotropic layer is described identically. The difference is in the values of the Darcy numbers, which characterize the internal structure of the granular layers.
Numerical simulation of the hydrodynamics of the flow of a heat carrier in a flat channel filled with an anisotropic porous medium
Authors: Ryazhskikh V I , Konovalov D A , Kozhukhov N N , Ryazhskikh A V , Nikolenko A V , Troshin A Yu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The results of numerical simulation of the laminar flow in a porous layer, which is a special case of an anisotropic medium – an orthotropic medium – are presented. The influence of one of the characteristics of an orthotropic medium, an angle determining the direction of anisotropy, is estimated. For this, the permeability tensor in the form of a diagonal matrix was used in the calculations. The effect of flow parameters and characteristics of the porous medium on the velocity profile and hydraulic resistance is shown.
Simplification of null method measurement system to build a standalone DC voltage standard traceability system in the SNSU - BSN electrical metrology laboratory
Authors: Sardjono R H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Since 1987, electrical laboratory of SNSU was built a traceability capability of DC voltage unit from PJVS up to two Multifunction Calibrator instruments. Therefore, the dissemination accuracy was performed gradually from PJVS to two multifunctions calibrator through a standard cell instrument. The two units of multifunction calibrators instruments are used as working standards instrument and should be maintained its traceability. One of the multifunction calibrator (MCS) instrument that is traceable to the standard cell instrument will be disseminated it accuracy to the other multifunction calibrator (MCU) instrument was done in these research. A potentiometer principle was basically used as a subtractor system that subtract the MCS value from the MCU value. Uncertainty analysis is carried out in this paper to validate the characteristics of the method against the NULL method based on the error number (En) reaching -0.1
Kruskal-Szekeres coordinates of spherically symmetric solutions in theories of gravity
Authors: Romadani A , Rosyid M F 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the missing matter problem in cosmological phenomena and scales of astrophysical is usually studied by modifying general relativity theory. In this article, we formulated the Kruskal-Szekeres coordinate of vacuum modified gravity model inf(R)theory. The generalization of the field equation was obtained by generalizing Hilbert-Einstein’s action with gravitational Lagrangian in terms off (r)function. By consider a special class off(R)theory by takingR = R0, we found the solution of static spherically symmetric spacetime that was known as de Sitter-Schwarzschild spacetime. The transformation rules were constructed from Kruskal-Szekeres coordinates inf (r)theory of modified general relativity to the Kruskal-Szekeres coordinate in general relativity theory. Forλ≈ 0, the Schwarzschild and Kruskal-Szekeres metric for static spherically symmetric onf (r)theory reduced to the standard Schwarzschild and Kruskal-Szekeres metric on general relativity. We also show the spacetime structure of de Sitter-Schwarzschild and Kruskal-Szekeres coordinate. This work could open a promising way to understand some features of a black hole in thef (r)theory of gravity.
Development of instruments to measuring feasibility of context-based videos of sound
Authors: Desnita  , Festiyed  , Marsa P B , Novisya D , Hamida S 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study was aim to produce a valid instrument that can measure the quality of the context-based video of the sound. Instruments that had been developed include: physics learning expert validation instrument, physicist validation instruments, linguist validation instruments, teacher practicality instruments, student practicality instruments, critical thinking skills instruments, creative thinking skills instruments, collaboration skills instruments, and communication skills instruments both oral and writing. This research uses the ADDIE development model which consists of five stages. Data analysis for validity refers to the Aiken’s V coefficient where the instrument is valid if it is validity coefficient ≥ 0.6. The validation coefficient given by the expert for each instrument is as follows: the learning physics instrument 0.90, the physicist validation instrument was 0.91, the linguist validation instrument was 0.77, the teacher practicality instrument was 0.97, the student practicality instrument was 0, 87, instruments of critical thinking skills of 0.91, instruments of creative thinking skills of 0.93, instruments of collaboration skills of 0.99, instruments of oral communication skills of 0.98, and instruments of written communication skills of 0.90. All of instruments are valid, so the instrument can be used to measure the quality of the instructional video of sound.
Analysis of elements in Cocoa seeds (Theobroma cacao L.) using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)
Authors: Ajrina H , Yuza N , Lahna K , Ramli M , Suliyanti M M , Idris N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cocoa seeds well known contains many antioxidant, thus it is really useful to human health. The elemental content of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) was examined using LIBS. The Cocoa seed was collected from Pidie Jaya Regency in the special autonomy region of Aceh, Indonesia. The examination was carried out is using LIBS using an Nd-YAG laser (Q-Smart 850 model, 1064 nm, 5.5 ns, 10 Hz). The laser energy was varied from 12 mJ to 70 mJ. The tested cocoa is dried first, mashed and shaped into pellets with a radius of 3 cm and a thickness of 0.5 cm. The laser beam was focused on the pellet surface under air surrounding gas. The surrounding gas pressure was also varied. The emission spectrum was acquired for various experimental conditions. It was found in the recorded emission spectrum that many inorganic elements can clearly be detected such as Al, Mg, Mn, Ca, K, P, Fe, Cu and also main organic elements such as H, C, N, and O. The emission spectrum is dominated by the organic elements of C, H, O and N. The emission spectrum features changes with energy and surrounding gas pressure. The plasma characteristics in term of temperature and electron number density was examined. This results shows that the minor and trace elements can detected be detected clearly along with main organic element in the cocoa seeds using the emerging analytical tool of LIBS.
Development of student worksheet to improve creative and critical thinking ability of students in causalitic-learning model
Authors: Harwati K , Rokhmat J 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The causalitic learning model is a learning model and is designed based on a causalitic thinking approach (causality and analytics). Based on the research results, the causal learning model can be used as an alternative learning model that facilitates the ability to think critically, creatively, solve problems, and increase student learning motivation. The purpose of writing is to develop learning tools (student worksheets) to improve the critical and creative thinking skills of junior high school students in learning the causalitic model. The research method used is 4D which consists of 4 stages, namely define, design, develop, and design. The results of this research is a special design of student-worksheets for physics learning with a causalitic-model for the material of heat and temperature for the student of junior high schools. Conclusion The resulting worksheets have unique characteristics such as loading phenomena with several elements of cause and effect, recommending the content of phenomena related to daily life, having a causality table, having space for explanations, using scaffolding, using language that is short, clear, easy to understand. understand, and use companion images of the phenomenon.
One-Hadron-Exchange K−p interaction model in nonrelativistic energy region
Authors: Fadhlurahman H , Salam A , Fachruddin I 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A nonrelativistic K−p interaction model is derived as one-hadron-exchanges. The exchanged particles are the scalar meson, the vector mesons, the hyperons, and the resonances Λ*(1600),Σ*(1385). The models parameters are determined by fitting to experimental data of spin-averaged differential cross section for kaon laboratory energy range of 51.27 MeV up to 376.87 MeV. We use a 3D technique without partial wave expansion to calculate K−p scattering.