bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chapter 1.4 Antarctic volcanism: active volcanism overview
Authors: Geyer A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In the last two centuries, demographic expansion and extensive urbanization of volcanic areas have increased the exposure of our society to volcanic hazards. Antarctica is no exception. During the last decades, the permanent settlement and seasonal presence of scientists, technicians, tourists and logistical personnel close to active volcanoes in the south polar region have increased notably. This has led to an escalation in the number of people and the amount of infrastructure exposed to potential eruptions. This requires advancement of our knowledge of the volcanic and magmatic history of Antarctic active volcanoes, significant improvement of the monitoring networks, and development of long-term hazard assessments and vulnerability analyses to carry out the required mitigation actions, and to elaborate on the most appropriate response plans to reduce loss of life and infrastructure during a future volcanic crisis. This chapter provides a brief summary of the active volcanic systems in Antarctica, highlighting their main volcanological features, which monitoring systems are deployed (if any), and recent (i.e. Holocene and/or historical) eruptive activity or unrest episodes. To conclude, some notes about the volcanic hazard assessments carried out so far on south polar volcanoes are also included, along with recommendations for specific actions and ongoing research on active Antarctic volcanism.
The Nudge Puzzle
Authors: Zimmermann Verena , Renaud Karen 
Published: January 2021

Nudging is a promising approach, in terms of influencing people to make advisable choices in a range of domains, including cybersecurity. However, the processes underlying the concept and the nudge’s effectiveness in different contexts, and in the long term, are still poorly understood. Our research thus first reviewed the nudge concept and differentiated it from other interventions before applying it to the cybersecurity area. We then carried out an empirical study to assess the effectiveness of three different nudge-related interventions on four types of cybersecurity-specific decisions. Our study demonstrated that the combination of a simple nudge and information provision, termed a “hybrid nudge,” was at least as, and in some decision contexts even more effective in encouraging secure choices as the simple nudge on its own. This indicates that the inclusion of information when deploying a nudge, thereby increasing the intervention’s transparency, does not necessarily diminish its effectiveness.
A follow-up study explored the educational and long-term impact of our tested nudge interventions to encourage secure choices. The results indicate that the impact of the initial nudges, of all kinds, did not endure. We conclude by discussing our findings and their implications for research and practice.
Analyzing Trio-Anthropometric Predictors of Hypertension: Determining the Susceptibility of Blood Pressure to Sexual Dimorphism in Body Stature
Authors: Kenneth Ezemagu U. , Chinedu Uzomba Godwin , Christian Agbii Okechukwu , Ezeonu P. O. , Obaje S. G. 
Published: January 2021

Background. Several studies had suggested that complex body stature could be a risk factor of hypertension. Objectives. We aim to correlate body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-height ratio (WHtR) of rural dwellers in Afikpo community, Ebonyi State, Nigeria, with blood pressure parameters. Furthermore, we aim to ascertain how each of the anthropometric variables affects blood pressure in men and women, respectively. Materials and Methods. A sample of 400 (200 males and 200 females) adults aged 18–89 years were selected for the correlation cross-sectional study. Data for weight, height, waist, and hip circumferences were collected by means of anthropometric measurement protocol with the aid of a calibrated flexible tape and health scale and mercury sphygmomanometer for measurement of blood pressure. A participant was classified as being hypertensive if systolic blood pressure (SBP) was >140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >90 mmHg. Pulse pressure was recorded as the numeric difference of SBP and DBP. Results. The result revealed that male BMI and WHR were higher than those of females while female WHtR was higher than that of males (

P

< 0.01). The prevalence of hypertension failed to correlate with sex among participants in the study (χ2 = 0.567;

P

< 0.05). Variation in SBP and DBP of both sexes was dependent on BMI, WHtR, and waist and hip circumference, but not on WHR. The SBP of both sexes and female pulse pressure did correlate with age (

P

< 0.001). Waist circumference, BMI, and WHtR correctly predicted the variations in SBP, DBP, and pulse pressure. Conclusion. The strength of association of BMI, WHtR, and waist girth with SBP and DBP of both sexes was robust and similar, but inconsistent with WHR. Thus, a simple estimation of the trio-anthropometric predictors could serve as a means for routine check or preliminary diagnosis of a patient with hypertension.
Pressurized Intraperitoneal Aerosol Chemotherapy: The Road from Promise to Proof
Authors: de Jong Loek A.W. , van Erp Nielka P. , Bijelic Lana 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is an innovative drug delivery technique invented to be used for the treatment of peritoneal metastasis. Its application gained popularity over the past years. Several prospective clinical trials are being conducted to determine efficacy and safety. At this moment, there remain many challenges to overcome before PIPAC can be widely adopted in clinical practice.
See related article by Kim et al., p. 1875
Morning for Irofulven, What Could be fiNER?
Authors: Jiang Haoyang , Greenberg Roger A. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Cancers with DNA repair dysfunction are vulnerable to DNA-damaging agents that invoke a requirement for the disabled repair mechanism. Genome sequencing, coupled with a detailed understanding of mechanisms of DNA repair, has accelerated the discovery of pathway-selective agents that target DNA repair deficiencies in a tumor tissue agnostic manner.
See related articles by Topka et al., p. 1997 and Börcsök et al., p. 2011
Impact of ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Regionalization Programs on the Treatment and Outcomes of Patients Diagnosed With Non–ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Montoy Juan Carlos C. , Shen Yu‐Chu , Brindis Ralph G. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Hsia Renee Y. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Many communities have implemented systems of regionalized care to improve access to timely care for patients with ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction. However, patients who are ultimately diagnosed with non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarctions (NSTEMIs) may also be affected, and the impact of regionalization programs on NSTEMI treatment and outcomes is unknown. We set out to determine the effects of ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction regionalization schemes on treatment and outcomes of patients diagnosed with NSTEMIs.

Methods and Results
The cohort included all patients receiving care in emergency departments diagnosed with an NSTEMI at all nonfederal hospitals in California from January 1, 2005 to September 30, 2015. Data were analyzed using a difference‐in‐differences approach. The main outcomes were 1‐year mortality and angiography within 3 days of the index admission. A total of 293 589 patients with NSTEMIs received care in regionalized and nonregionalized communities. Over the study period, rates of early angiography increased by 0.5 and mortality decreased by 0.9 percentage points per year among the overall population (95% CI, 0.4–0.6 and −1.0 to −0.8, respectively). Regionalization was not associated with early angiography (−0.5%; 95% CI, −1.1 to 0.1) or death (0.2%; 95% CI, −0.3 to 0.8).

Conclusions
ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction regionalization programs were not statistically associated with changes in guideline‐recommended early angiography or changes in risk of death for patients with NSTEMI. Increases in the proportion of patients with NSTEMI who underwent guideline‐directed angiography and decreases in risk of mortality were accounted for by secular trends unrelated to regionalization policies.
Autocrine Signaling in Cardiac Remodeling: A Rich Source of Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Segers Vincent F. M. , De Keulenaer Gilles W. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The myocardium consists of different cell types, of which endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, and fibroblasts are the most abundant. Communication between these different cell types, also called paracrine signaling, is essential for normal cardiac function, but also important in cardiac remodeling and heart failure. Systematic studies on the expression of ligands and their corresponding receptors in different cell types showed that for 60% of the expressed ligands in a particular cell, the receptor is also expressed. The fact that many ligand‐receptor pairs are present in most cells, including the major cell types in the heart, indicates that autocrine signaling is a widespread phenomenon. Autocrine signaling in cardiac remodeling and heart failure is involved in all pathophysiological mechanisms generally observed: hypertrophy, fibrosis, angiogenesis, cell survival, and inflammation. Herein, we review ligand‐receptor pairs present in the major cardiac cell types based on RNA‐sequencing expression databases, and we review current literature on extracellular signaling proteins with an autocrine function in the heart; these include C‐type natriuretic peptide, fibroblast growth factors 2, F21, and 23, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, heparin binding–epidermal growth factor, angiopoietin‐like protein 2, leptin, adiponectin, follistatin‐like 1, apelin, neuregulin 1, vascular endothelial growth factor, transforming growth factor β, wingless‐type integration site family, member 1‐induced secreted protein‐1, interleukin 11, connective tissue growth factor/cellular communication network factor, and calcitonin gene‒related peptide. The large number of autocrine signaling factors that have been studied in the literature supports the concept that autocrine signaling is an essential part of myocardial biology and disease.
The Many Fiery Furnaces of Daniel 3: The Evolution of a Literary Model
Authors: Vette Nathanael 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The fiery furnace episode of Daniel 3 can be described as a martyr legend without a martyrdom. It shares many formal features with other martyr accounts but ends with the deliverance of the three young men. Early on, the episode was used as a model to narrate similar deliverances from fiery furnaces. But with time, the episode became the template for accounts which ultimately end in the death of the martyr. This article traces this development by surveying the use of Daniel 3 as a literary model from the Second Temple period to the present day. By re-working a narrative of deliverance into a narrative of death, Jewish and Christian traditions updated the legend to reflect the reality of a new situation, whilst also responding to a latent story of death already present in Daniel 3.
Neighbours Near and Far: How a Biblical Figure is Used in Recent European Anti-Migration Politics
Authors: Neutel Karin Berber , Kartzow Marianne Bjelland 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
References to the Bible in European politics rarely are the subject of research by biblical scholars. Claims about Christianity and about themes and stories from the Bible, which have made a remarkable appearance in political discourse recently, especially in discussions of migration, have therefore gone unnoticed in our discipline. This paper wants to put this topic on the map by exploring three cases, from the Netherlands, Norway, and Germany, where politicians make an argument against accepting migrants, by appealing to neighbourly love and the story of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25–37). We ask whether the Bible appears here in its ‘liberal’ form, which scholars have shown to be a prevalent form of the Bible in US and UK politics, or whether we are seeing the development of a different political Bible.
The Blessing of Ham: Genesis 9:1 in Early African American Biblical Scholarship
Authors: Schipper Jeremy 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Much of the recent scholarship on Noah’s curse (Genesis 9:20–27) has focused on how the myth of Ham has factored into debates over slavery and other anti-Black biblical interpretations. Yet Sylvester A. Johnson argues convincingly that in the late nineteenth century, the “myth of Ham” was used primarily to explain racial origins rather than to justify or condemn slavery. To provide nuance to Johnson’s point, this article argues that some influential nineteenth-century African American scholars whom Johnson discusses interpreted the story of racial origins in the myth of Ham as an outgrowth of a divine blessing that Ham shared with his brothers in Genesis 9:1–19. This blessing, they argued, was unrelated to Noah’s curse of Canaan in Genesis 9:20–27. This article focuses on the exegetical arguments made by James W. C. Pennington, Alexander Crummell, Benjamin Tucker Tanner, and George Washington Williams.
That Moment Felt Like Forever: Stress Effects on Time Perception in Males
Authors: Bagley Sara L. , Massner Kody , Schneider Clairee , Miller Austin , Moore Kyzer 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this research was to identify if inducing acute stress in males could influence their verbal estimate of a duration of time perception. Thirty-four males between the ages of 18 and 22 years old were recruited to participate by prospectively judging intervals of time at baseline and after a water task. Using an experimental design, participants were randomly assigned to either the stressor water task of the Socially-Evaluative Cold Pressor Task (SECPT; n = 16) or the control water task of the Warm Water Task (WWT; n = 18). Salivary cortisol was collected at baseline and after the assigned water task to measure changes in physiological stress, while positive and negative affect were assessed to measured changes in subjective emotion. The stressor task was effective at increasing salivary cortisol and negative affect while experiencing the SECPT, but not at other time points. The group exposed to the stressor task experienced an overestimation of time when compared to the control group. A path analysis concluded that the grouping for stressor/control task was the only significant contributing factor in the variability of time perception accuracy when mediating paths for cortisol, positive affect, and negative affect. Information gained from this research is basic and may give insights into stress’s impact on the perception of time.
Enhanced recovery after cardiac surgery and its impact on outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Zhang Yi , Chong Jun Heng , Harky Amer 
Published: January 2021

Background and Aim: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols are a series of perioperative interventions well-established in improving the care and outcomes of patients. With recent emergence of studies on its implementation in cardiac surgery, this paper represents the first systematic review on current evidence of ERAS efficacy in this field. Methods: Two reviewers independently searched through Pubmed, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus. Comparative studies with controls that described the implementation of ERAS in all types of cardiac operations from 2001 to 2020 were included. Data extracted included patient demographics, components of ERAS protocol described, types of cardiac surgery, and postoperative outcomes. Results: In the final analysis, nine studies were included, of which there were one randomized controlled trial (RCT), one quasi-experiment and seven retrospective/prospective studies. Significant improvement in hospital and ICU length of stay, as well as reduction in postoperative opioid consumption were demonstrated. No increase in postoperative complications were reported. Conclusion: ERAS in cardiac surgery has shown to be potentially safe and effective in improving certain postoperative outcomes. However, the evidence is limited by the lack of high-quality RCTs. We also found the lack of practice of class 1 recommended interventions set forth by the ERAS Cardiac Society. Furthermore, majority of studies only evaluated the immediate postoperative outcomes of patients, and not the long-term outcomes. RCTs that fully implement measures recommended by the ERAS Cardiac Society, with assessments on both immediate and long-term outcomes, are warranted.
Intra-articular Injections of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Without Adjuvant Therapies for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Tan Si Heng Sharon , Kwan Yiu Tsun , Neo Wei Jian , Chong Jia Yan , Kuek Tze Yin Joshua , See Jun Ze Fabian , Wong Keng Lin , Toh Wei Seong , Hui James Hoi Po 
Published: January 2021

Background: While many reviews have been performed to attempt to provide conclusive evidence regarding the outcomes of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in osteoarthritis treatment, the evidence for MSC treatment in osteoarthritis remains contentious, as these reviews have been limited by the heterogeneous evidence available. Purpose: To pool the results of treatment using intra-articular injections of MSCs without any adjuvant therapies for osteoarthritis. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. All clinical trials of level 1 or 2 evidence that reported clinical outcomes of patients with osteoarthritis of the knees treated using intra-articular injections of MSCs without any adjuvant therapies were included. Results: A total of 19 studies with 440 knees were included. All studies reported an improvement in the outcomes after intervention. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) for the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain at rest and upon exertion were –1.48 (95% CI, –1.85 to –1.11) and –2.25 (95% CI, –2.64 to –1.85), respectively. The SMDs for the total Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and total Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score were –1.19 (95% CI, –1.53 to –0.84) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.66-1.10), respectively. Only the source of MSCs and whether the MSCs were cultured or uncultured were clinically important and statistically significant moderators of the treatment outcome. The use of bone marrow MSCs reduced the VAS for pain by 1.50 (95% CI, 0.04-2.96; P = .04) and reduced the total WOMAC by 23.2 (95% CI, 10.0-36.4; P < .01) as compared with adipose MSCs. The use of cultured MSCs reduced the VAS for pain by 2.19 (95% CI, 0.57-3.81; P < .01) and reduced the total WOMAC by 14.4 (95% CI, 1.21-27.5; P = .03) as compared with uncultured MSCs. Conclusion: Intra-articular injections of MSCs without any adjuvant therapies improves pain and function for osteoarthritis. Significantly better outcomes were obtained with the use of bone marrow MSCs as compared with adipose MSCs and with the use of cultured MSCs as opposed to uncultured MSCs.
The effect of smoking on cumulative damage in systemic lupus erythematosus: An incident cohort study
Authors: McKown Trevor , Schletzbaum Maria , Unnithan Rachna , Wang Xing , Ezeh Nnenna , Bartels Christie M 
Published: January 2021

Objectives To investigate the relationship between smoking history and pack-year exposure on the rate of end-organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods The SLE incident cohort included patients who met American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1997 or SLE International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) 2012 SLE criteria and had rheumatology encounters at a US academic institution (2008–16). The primary outcome was median time to SLICC/ACR damage index (SLICC/ACR-DI) increase or death. Main explanatory variables were smoking status and pack-years. Covariates included age, sex, race, ethnicity, receipt of Medicaid, neighborhood area deprivation index, and baseline SLE damage. Damage increase-free survival was evaluated by smoking status and pack-years using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards methods. Results Patients of Black race and Medicaid recipients were more commonly current smokers ( p’s < 0.05). Former smokers were older and more likely to have late-onset SLE (54% versus 33% of never and 29% of current smokers, p = 0.001). Median time to SLICC/ACR-DI increase or death was earlier in current or former compared to never smokers (4.5 and 3.4 versus 9.0 yrs; p = 0.002). In multivariable models, the rate of damage accumulation was twice as fast in current smokers (HR 2.18; 1.33, 3.57) and smokers with a >10 pack-year history (HR 2.35; 1.15, 3.64) versus never smokers. Conclusions In this incident SLE cohort, past or current smoking predicted new SLE damage 4-5 years earlier. After adjustment, current smokers and patients with a pack-year history of >10 years accumulated damage at twice the rate of never smokers.
Morphologic Severity of Craniosynostosis: Implications for Speech and Neurodevelopment
Authors: Tandon Damini , Skolnick Gary B. , Naidoo Sybill D. , Grames Lynn Marty , Cradock Mary Michaeleen , Smyth Matthew D. , Patel Kamlesh B. 
Published: January 2021

Background: Single-suture craniosynostosis (SSC) can be associated with neurodevelopmental deficits. We examined the correlation between morphologic severity and incidence of speech-language or psychological concerns. Methods: In 62 patients (33 sagittal, 17 metopic, and 12 unicoronal), morphologic severity was determined via preoperative computed tomography (CT). Severity metrics for sagittal, metopic, and unicoronal synostosis were adjusted cephalic index (aCI), interfrontal angle (IFA), and anterior cranial fossa area ratio (ACFR), respectively. Speech-language and psychological concerns were assessed at age ≥4.5 years and defined as recommendation for therapy or monitoring. Results: Mean assessment age was 5.7 years; 32% had a speech-language concern and 44% had a psychological concern; 44% had neither. Sagittal: Mean aCI of those with a speech-language concern (0.62) and those without (0.62) were equivalent ( P = .580), as were mean aCI of those with a psychological concern (0.62) and those without (0.62; P = .572). Metopic: Mean IFA with (117.9) and without (125.2) a speech-language concern were equivalent ( P = .326), as were mean IFA with (120.2) and without (123.2) a psychological concern ( P = .711). Unicoronal: Mean ACFR with (0.65) and without (0.69) a psychological concern ( P = .423) were equivalent. However, mean ACFR with (0.74) and without (0.63) a speech-language concern were not ( P = .022*). Bivariate rank correlation showed significant association between morphologic severity and speech-language score only for unicoronal synostosis (ρ = .722; P = .008*). Conclusion: A significant portion of patients with SSC had speech-language or psychological concerns. We found no correlation between morphologic severity and incidence of speech-language or psychological concerns for patients with sagittal or metopic synostosis. Morphological severity did correlate with speech concerns in patients with unicoronal synostosis.