bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wafer-scale functional circuits based on two dimensional semiconductors with fabrication optimized by machine learning
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Xie Yufeng , Sheng Yaochen , Tang Hongwei , Wang Zeming , Wang Yu , Wang Yin , Liao Fuyou , Ma Jingyi , Guo Xiaojiao , Tong Ling , Liu Hanqi , Liu Hao , Wu Tianxiang , Cao Jiaxin , Bu Sitong , Shen Hui , Bai Fuyu , Huang Daming , Deng Jianan , Riaud Antoine , Xu Zihan , Wu Chenjian , Xing Shiwei , Lu Ye , Ma Shunli , Sun Zhengzong , Xue Zhongyin , Di Zengfeng , Gong Xiao , Zhang David Wei , Zhou Peng , Wan Jing , Bao Wenzhong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTriggered by the pioneering research on graphene, the family of two-dimensional layered materials (2DLMs) has been investigated for more than a decade, and appealing functionalities have been demonstrated. However, there are still challenges inhibiting high-quality growth and circuit-level integration, and results from previous studies are still far from complying with industrial standards. Here, we overcome these challenges by utilizing machine-learning (ML) algorithms to evaluate key process parameters that impact the electrical characteristics of MoS2 top-gated field-effect transistors (FETs). The wafer-scale fabrication processes are then guided by ML combined with grid searching to co-optimize device performance, including mobility, threshold voltage and subthreshold swing. A 62-level SPICE modeling was implemented for MoS2 FETs and further used to construct functional digital, analog, and photodetection circuits. Finally, we present wafer-scale test FET arrays and a 4-bit full adder employing industry-standard design flows and processes. Taken together, these results experimentally validate the application potential of ML-assisted fabrication optimization for beyond-silicon electronic materials.
Estimation of cell-free fetal DNA fraction from maternal plasma based on linkage disequilibrium information
Authors: Ju Jia , Li Jia , Liu Siyang , Zhang Haiqiang , Xu Jinjin , Lin Yu , Gao Ya , Zhou Yulin , Jin Xin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCell-free fetal DNA fraction (FF) in maternal plasma is a key parameter affecting the performance of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Accurate quantitation of FF plays a pivotal role in these tests. However, there are few methods that could determine FF with high accuracy using shallow‐depth whole‐genome sequencing data. In this study, we hypothesized that the actual FF in maternal plasma should be proportional to the discrepancy rate between the observed genotypes and inferred genotypes based on the linkage disequilibrium rule in certain polymorphism sites. Based on this hypothesis, we developed a method named Linkage Disequilibrium information-based cell-free Fetal DNA Fraction (LDFF) to accurately quantify FF in maternal plasma. This method achieves a high performance and outperforms existing methods in the fetal DNA fraction estimation. As LDFF is a gender-independent method and developed on shallow-depth samples, it can be easily incorporated into routine NIPT test and may enhance the current NIPT performance.
Daple deficiency causes hearing loss in adult mice by inducing defects in cochlear stereocilia and apical microtubules
Authors: Ozono Yoshiyuki , Tamura Atsushi , Nakayama Shogo , Herawati Elisa , Hanada Yukiko , Ohata Kazuya , Takagishi Maki , Takahashi Masahide , Imai Takao , Ohta Yumi , Oshima Kazuo , Sato Takashi , Inohara Hidenori , Tsukita Sachiko 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe V-shaped arrangement of hair bundles on cochlear hair cells is critical for auditory sensing. However, regulation of hair bundle arrangements has not been fully understood. Recently, defects in hair bundle arrangement were reported in postnatal Dishevelled-associating protein (ccdc88c, alias Daple)-deficient mice. In the present study, we found that adult Daple−/− mice exhibited hearing disturbances over a broad frequency range through auditory brainstem response testing. Consistently, distorted patterns of hair bundles were detected in almost all regions, more typically in the basal region of the cochlear duct. In adult Daple−/− mice, apical microtubules were irregularly aggregated, and the number of microtubules attached to plasma membranes was decreased. Similar phenotypes were manifested upon nocodazole treatment in a wild type cochlea culture without affecting the microtubule structure of the kinocilium. These results indicate critical role of Daple in hair bundle arrangement through the orchestration of apical microtubule distribution, and thereby in hearing, especially at high frequencies.
Clinical spectrum and the comorbidities of Dravet syndrome in Taiwan and the possible molecular mechanisms
Authors: Huang Chia-Hsuan , Hung Pi-Lien , Fan Pi-Chuan , Lin Kuang-Lin , Hsu Ting-Rong , Chou I-Jun , Ho Che-Sheng , Chou I-Ching , Lin Wei-Sheng , Lee Inn-Chi , Fan Hueng-Chuen , Chen Shyi-Jou , Liang Jao-Shwann , Tu Yi-Fang , Chang Tung-Ming , Hu Su-Ching , Wong Lee-Chin , Hung Kun-Long , Lee Wang-Tso 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDravet syndrome (DS) is an uncommon epilepsy syndrome that may negatively affect the patients and their caregivers. However, reliable and valid measures of its impact on caregivers and the characteristics of patients with DS in Taiwan are lacking. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with DS and concerns of their caregivers and establish a baseline frequency of disease characteristics using a cross-sectional survey in Taiwan. We assessed the caregivers of patients with DS using an online anonymous questionnaire. The seizure frequency decreased with age, although lacking statistical significance. Vaccines show no influence on the condition of patients with DS. Our findings revealed the highest impact on the domains affecting the caregivers’ daily life, including additional household tasks, symptom observation, further medical plan, and financial issues. Caregivers also expressed concerns regarding the lack of independence/constant care, seizure control, speech/communication, and impacts on siblings because of long-term care of the patients in parents’ absence. Our findings highlight the significant effects of caring for a child with DS on the lives of their caregivers in Taiwan; these findings will help raise awareness regarding the needs of these families. Furthermore, we discussed the possible pathophysiological mechanisms of associated comorbidities.
Annual changes in the Biodiversity Intactness Index in tropical and subtropical forest biomes, 2001–2012
Authors: De Palma Adriana , Hoskins Andrew , Gonzalez Ricardo E. , Börger Luca , Newbold Tim , Sanchez-Ortiz Katia , Ferrier Simon , Purvis Andy 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFew biodiversity indicators are available that reflect the state of broad-sense biodiversity—rather than of particular taxa—at fine spatial and temporal resolution. One such indicator, the Biodiversity Intactness Index (BII), estimates how the average abundance of the native terrestrial species in a region compares with their abundances in the absence of pronounced human impacts. We produced annual maps of modelled BII at 30-arc-second resolution (roughly 1 km at the equator) across tropical and subtropical forested biomes, by combining annual data on land use, human population density and road networks, and statistical models of how these variables affect overall abundance and compositional similarity of plants, fungi, invertebrates and vertebrates. Across tropical and subtropical biomes, BII fell by an average of 1.9 percentage points between 2001 and 2012, with 81 countries seeing an average reduction and 43 an average increase; the extent of primary forest fell by 3.9% over the same period. We did not find strong relationships between changes in BII and countries’ rates of economic growth over the same period; however, limitations in mapping BII in plantation forests may hinder our ability to identify these relationships. This is the first time temporal change in BII has been estimated across such a large region.
Huygens' Principle geometric derivation and elimination of the wake and backward wave
Authors: Anderson Forrest L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuygens' Principle (1678) implies that every point on a wave front serves as a source of secondary wavelets, and the new wave front is the tangential surface to all the secondary wavelets. But two problems arise: portions of wavelets that exist outside of the new wave front combine to form a wake. Also there are two tangential surfaces so wave fronts are propagated in both the forward and backward directions. These problems have not previously been resolved by using a geometrical theory with impulsive wavelets that are in harmony with Huygens' geometrical description. Doing so would provide deeper understanding of and greater intuition into wave propagation, in addition to providing a new model for wave propagation analysis. The interpretation, developed here, of Huygens' geometrical construction shows Huygens' Principle to be correct: as for the wake, the Huygens' wavelets disappear when combined except where they contact their common tangent surfaces, the new propagating wave fronts. As for the backward wave, a source propagates both a forward wave and a backward wave when it is stationary, but it propagates only the forward wave front when it is advancing with a speed equal to the propagation speed of the wave fronts.
Effect of small heat release and viscosity on thermal-diffusive instability
Authors: Wada Keigo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe linear stability of a thermal reaction front has been investigated based on the thermal-diffusive model proposed by Zel’dovich and Frank-Kamenetskii, which is called ZFK model. In the framework of ZFK model, heat-conduction and mass-diffusion equations are treated without the effect of hydrodynamic flow. Then, two types of instability appear: cellular and oscillatory instabilities. The cellular instability has only positive real part of growth rate, while the oscillatory instability is accompanied with non-zero imaginary part. In this study, the effect of heat release and viscosity on both instabilities is investigated asymptotically and numerically. This is achieved by coupling mass-conservation and Navier–Stokes equations with the ZFK model for small heat release. Then, the stable range of Lewis number, where the real part of growth rate is negative, is widened by non-zero values of heat release for any wavenumber. The increase of Prandtl number also brings the stabilization effect on the oscillatory instability. However, as for the cellular instability, the viscosity leads to the destabilization effect for small wavenumbers, opposed to its stabilization effect for moderate values of wavenumber. Under the limit of small wavenumber, the property of viscosity becomes clear in view of cut-off wavenumber, which makes the real part of growth rate zero.
Swallowing, nutritional status, and salivary flow in patients after head and neck cancer treatment, a pilot study
Authors: de Carvalho Mariana Inri , Gatti Marina , Guedes Renata Ligia Vieira , Froes Renata Camilla Favarin , Costa Danila Rodrigues , da Silva Vitor Jhonatan , da Silva Santos Paulo Sérgio , Berretin-Felix Giédre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDetermine the relationship between swallowing function, nutritional status, and salivary flow in patients after head and neck cancer treatment. This pilot study included 17 patients. Swallowing was assessed through videofluoroscopy and surface electromyography (sEMG), nutritional status through anthropometry and dietary assessment, and salivary flow both with and without mechanical stimulation. Test analysis showed that 66.7% of patients had functional limitations in swallowing in 58.3%, 66.7%, and 58.3% residue scale with an average of a line of barium on a structure for pudding, honey, and liquid consistencies, respectively. Laryngeal penetration was found in 8.3% during the swallowing of liquid. Surface electromyography (sEMG) showed above normal values for muscle activity time during the swallowing of pudding. Anthropometric assessment and muscle and adipose tissue indicated eutrophy. Salivary flow test with mechanical stimulus showed that 82.3% of patients' salivary production was well below the appropriate level. There was a significant correlation between muscle tissue reserve and muscle activity time during swallowing in the studied muscles (left masseter p = 0.003, right masseter p = 0.001, suprahyoid p = 0.001, orbicularis oris = 0.020), all in pudding consistency. This pilot study confirmed the relationship between swallowing and nutritional status for its participants, showing that appropriate protein intake influences muscle activity during swallowing in head and neck cancer survivors.
Higher-order topological Mott insulator on the pyrochlore lattice
Authors: Otsuka Yuichi , Yoshida Tsuneya , Kudo Koji , Yunoki Seiji , Hatsugai Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe provide the first unbiased evidence for a higher-order topological Mott insulator in three dimensions by numerically exact quantum Monte Carlo simulations. This insulating phase is adiabatically connected to a third-order topological insulator in the noninteracting limit, which features gapless modes around the corners of the pyrochlore lattice and is characterized by a $${\mathbb {Z}}_{4}$$

Z
4

spin-Berry phase. The difference between the correlated and non-correlated topological phases is that in the former phase the gapless corner modes emerge only in spin excitations being Mott-like. We also show that the topological phase transition from the third-order topological Mott insulator to the usual Mott insulator occurs when the bulk spin gap solely closes.
Comparison of bioactive compounds and health promoting properties of fruits and leaves of apple, pear and quince
Authors: Wojdyło Aneta , Nowicka Paulina , Turkiewicz Igor Piotr , Tkacz Karolina , Hernandez Francisca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents characterization of healthy potential new sources of functional constituents with reference to basic plant sources. In this study, the phenolics, triterpene, isoprenoids (chlorophylls and carotenoids), amino acids, minerals, sugars and organic acids of different cultivars of pome species—apple, pear, quince—leaves vs. fruits and their enzymatic in vitro enzyme inhibition of hyperglycemic (α-glucosidase, α-amylase), obesity (pancreatic lipase), cholinesterase (acetylcholinesterase, butylcholinesterase), inflammatory (15-LOX, COX-1 and -2) and antioxidant capacity (ORAC, FRAP, ABTS) were evaluated. Leaves of pome species as a new plant sources were characterized by higher content of bioactive and nutritional compounds than basic fruits. The dominant fraction for quince, pear, and apple fruits was polymeric procyanidins. In quince and pear leaves flavan-3-ols, and in apple dihydrochalcones dominated. Triterpene was present in equal content in leaves and fruits. Leaves are excellent sources of amino acids and minerals (especially Ca, Mg, Fe, and K), with high content of organic acids and low content of sugars compared to fruits of pome species. Leaves of apples and pears most effectively inhibited COX-1, COX-2, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase enzyme but quince leaves showed the most effective inhibition of pancreatic lipase, AChE and BuChE, 15-LOX, and antioxidant capacity, which particularly correlated with bioactive compounds. Present study shows that leaves are promising sources of valuable compounds and may be used to produce functional foods as well as for medical purposes.
Optimization of a novel lipid extraction process from microalgae
Authors: Ren Xiaojie , Wei Chao , Yan Qi , Shan Xin , Wu Mengyun , Zhao Xinhe , Song Yuanda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPrevious study found that the solvent extraction efficiency of lipid in microalgae could be greatly improved by washing algae cells before the second time extraction. Based on the "organic solvents–water–organic solvents" method, this research further studied the effect of four solvent systems (acetone, chloroform/methanol, chloroform/methanol/water, dichloromethane/methanol), two types of water treatment (vortex and ultrasonic), three water treatment time gradient (0 s, 30 s, 120 s) on the lipid extraction at three different microalgae growth stages (3rd day, 5th day, 9th day). The results show that the combination of water treatment type, treatment time and solvent is very important to the efficiency of lipid extraction. The total lipid extracted was generally increased by 10–30% after water treatment. Especially under the condition of 120 s vortex water treatment with dichloromethane/methanol as extraction solvent, the total lipid extracted increased by 61.14%. In addition, microalgae cells at different culture stages had different sensitivity to water treatment. In this study, under the combination of chloroform/methanol/water as extraction solvent and vortex water treatment for 120 s, the highest lipid yield was obtained on the ninth day of cell culture, which accounts 47.88% of the cell dry weight (478 mg/g cell dry weight). The changes of cell morphology and structure after water treatment were studied by scanning electron microscope, and it was found that water treatment could seriously destroy the cell membrane damaged by solvent, thus promoting the release of lipids. This study further optimizes the "solvent–water–solvent" lipid extraction method, which neither produces impurities nor damages the lipid quality, and can reduce the amount of organic solvent applied in the classical lipid extraction method with the same lipid yield, so it has a broad application prospect.
Effects of coalescence and isospin symmetry on the freezeout of light nuclei and their anti-particles
Authors: Waqas M. , Peng G. X. , Liu Fu-Hu , Wazir Z. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe transverse momentum spectra of light nuclei (deuteron, triton and helion) produced in various centrality intervals in Gold–Gold (Au–Au), Lead–Lead (Pb–Pb) and proton–Lead (p–Pb) collisions, as well as in inelastic (INEL) proton–proton (p–p) collisions are analyzed by the blast wave model with Boltzmann Gibbs statistics. The model results are nearly in agreement with the experimental data measured by STAR and ALICE Collaborations in special transverse momentum ranges. We extracted the bulk properties in terms of kinetic freezeout temperature, transverse flow velocity and freezeout volume. It is observed that deuteron and anti-deuteron freezeout later than triton and helion as well as their anti-particles due to its smaller mass, while helion and triton, and anti-helion and anti-triton freezeout at the same time due to isospin symmetry at higher energies. It is also observed that light nuclei freezeout earlier than their anti-nuclei due to the large coalescence of nucleons for light nuclei compared to their anti-nuclei. The kinetic freezeout temperature, transverse flow velocity and kinetic freezeout volume decrease from central to peripheral collisions. Furthermore, the transverse flow velocity depends on mass of the particle which decreases with increasing the mass of the particle.
Observational study on the efficiency of Neonatal Emergency Transport in reducing mortality and morbidity indexes in Sicily
Authors: Falsaperla Raffaele , Vitaliti Giovanna , Amato Barbara , Saporito Marco Andrea Nicola , Mauceri Laura , Sullo Federica , Motta Milena , Scalia Bruna , Puglisi Federica , Caccamo Martina , Longo Maria Grazia , Giacchi Valentina , Cimino Carla , Ruggieri Martino 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn these last 25 years, the Neonatal Emergency Transport (NET) service has been widely improved in Italy. To date, all National areas are covered by a NET service; 53 NET centers have been activated in all the Italian territory. Herein, the authors present an observational study to evaluate the rate of infantile mortality after introduction of NET in Sicily, and to study the efficiency of this service in reducing these rates of mortality in vulnerable neonates, transported from primary care birth centers to tertiary facilities to undergo to specialized NICU assistance. All neonates who required an emergency transport by NETS were included. No exclusions criteria were applied. Demographic and regional infantile mortality data, expressed as infant mortality rate, were selected by the official government database (ISTAT- National Statistic Institute—http://www.istat.it). All data were respectively divided into three groups: data concerning transport, clinical condition, and mortality of the transported patients. We transported by NET 325 neonates. The analysis of the infant mortality rate (per 1.000 live births) in Catania from 2016 to 2018 was reduced compared to the same rate calculated before NETS activation (4.41 index before 2016 vs 4.17 index after 2016). These data showed an increase in other provinces (Enna, Caltanissetta, and Agrigento). 61% of neonates showed a respiratory disease. During the study period the proportion of neonates with a Mortality Index for Neonatal Transportation—MINT < 6 has been reduced, while there was an increase of neonates with higher Transport Risk Index of Physiologic Stability-TRIPS score results. The slight decrease of infantile mortality in Catania during the first three years after introduction of NET follows the same trend of all Italian territories, showing the importance of this service in reducing infantile mortality.
Unraveling the impacts of meteorological and anthropogenic changes on sediment fluxes along an estuary-sea continuum
Authors: Grasso Florent , Bismuth Eliott , Verney Romaric 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSediment fluxes at the estuary-sea interface strongly impact particle matter exchanges between marine and continental sources along the land-sea continuum. However, human activities drive pressures on estuary physical functioning, hence threatening estuarine habitats and their ecosystem services. This study explores a 22-year numerical hindcast of the macrotidal Seine Estuary (France), experiencing contrasted meteorological conditions and anthropogenic changes (i.e., estuary deepening and narrowing). The hindcast was thoroughly validated for both water column and sediment bed dynamics and showed good capacities to simulate annual sediment budgets observed from 1990 to 2015. We aim at disentangling the relative contributions of meteorological and human-induced morphological changes on net sediment fluxes between the estuary and its adjacent coastal sea. Our results highlight that intense wave events induce fine sediment (≤ 100 µm) export to the sea but coarser sediment (≥ 210 µm) import within the estuary. Although intense river discharges induce mud export to the sea, moderate to large river discharges prove to support mud import within the estuary. Wave and river discharge events were less intense in 2005–2015 than in 1990–2000, reducing fine sediment export to the sea. The estuary deepening and narrowing due to human activities increased fine sediment import within the estuary, shifting the estuary from an exporting to importing system. We propose a conceptualization of mud flux response to river discharge and wave forcing, as well as anthropogenic pressures. It provides valuable insights into particle transfers along the land-sea continuum, contributing to a better understanding of estuarine ecosystem trajectories under global changes.