bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin of the Indus ophiolite linked to the mantle transition zone (410–660 km)
Authors: Das Souvik , Basu* Asish R. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The southeast Ladakh (India) area displays one of the best-preserved ophiolite sections in this planet, in places up to 10 km thick, along the southern bank of the Indus River. Recently, in situ, ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) mineralogical evidence from the mantle transition zone (MTZ; ~410–660 km) with diamond and reduced fluids were discovered from two peridotite bodies in the basal mantle part of this Indus ophiolite. Ultrahigh-pressure phases were also found by early workers from podiform chromitites of another coeval Neo-Tethyan ophiolite in southern Tibet. However, the MTZ phases in the Indus ophiolite are found in silicate peridotites, but not in metallic chromitites, and the peridotitic UHP phases show systematic and contiguous phase transitions from the MTZ to shallower depth, unlike the discrete UHP inclusions, all in Tibetan chromitites. We observe consistent change in oxygen fugacity (fO2) and fluid composition from (C-H + H2) to (CO2 + H2O) in the upwelling peridotitic mantle, causing melting to produce mid-ocean-ridge basalt (MORB). At shallow depths (&lt;100 km) the free water stabilizes into hydrous phases, such as pargasitic amphibole, capable of storing water and preventing melting. Our discoveries provide unique insights into deep sub-oceanic-mantle processes, and link deep-mantle upwelling and MORB genesis. Moreover, the tectonic setting of Neo-Tethyan ophiolites has been a difficult problem since the birth of the plate-tectonics concept. This problem for the origin of ophiolites in mid-ocean-ridge versus supra-subduction zone settings clearly confused the findings from Indus ophiolites. However, in this contribution, we provide arguments in favor of mid-ocean-ridge origin for Indus ophiolite. In addition, we venture to revisit the “historical contingency” model of E.M. Moores and others for Neo-Tethyan ophiolite genesis based on the available evidence and have found that our new results strongly support the “historical contingency” model.
Regional-scale correlations of accreted units in the Franciscan Complex, California, USA: A record of long-lived, episodic subduction accretion
Authors: Apen Francisco E. , Wakabayashi John , Day Howard W. , Roeske Sarah M. , Souders A. Kate , Dumitru Trevor A. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The Franciscan Complex of California, the type example of an exhumed accretionary complex, records a protracted history of voluminous subduction accretion along the western margin of North America. Recent geochronological work has improved our knowledge of the timing of accretion, but the details of the accretionary history are disputed, in part, due to uncertainties in regional-scale correlations of different units. We present new detrital zircon U-Pb ages from two sites on opposite sides of San Francisco Bay in central California that confirm previously proposed correlations. Both sites are characterized by a structurally higher blueschist-facies unit (Angel Island unit) underlain by a prehnite-pumpellyite-facies unit (Alcatraz unit). The Angel Island unit yields maximum depositional ages (MDAs) ranging from 112 ± 1 Ma to 114 ± 1 Ma (±2σ), and the Alcatraz unit yields MDAs between 94 ± 2 Ma and 99 ± 1 Ma. Restoration of post-subduction dextral displacement suggests these sites were originally 44–78 km apart and much closer to other Franciscan units that are now exposed farther south in the Diablo Range. Comparison with detrital zircon dates from the Diablo Range supports correlations of the Bay Area units with certain units in the Diablo Range. In contrast, correlations with Franciscan units in the northern Coast Ranges of California are not robust: some units are clearly older than those in the Bay Area whereas others exhibit distinct differences in provenance. Integration of age data from throughout the Franciscan Complex indicates long-lived and episodic accretion from the Early Cretaceous to Paleogene. Although minor, sporadic accretion began earlier, significant accretion occurred during the interval 123–80 Ma and was followed by minor accretion at ca. 53–49 Ma. Periods of accretion and non-accretion were associated with arc magmatism in the Sierra Nevada–Klamath region, cessation of arc activity, and reorganization of paleodrainage systems, which implicates plate dynamics and sediment availability as major controls on the development of the Franciscan Complex.
Community-based amoxicillin treatment for fast breathing pneumonia in young infants 7–59 days old: a cluster randomised trial in rural Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India and Malawi
Authors:   Enhanced Management of Pneumonia in Community (EMPIC) Study, Nisar Yasir B 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionYoung infants 7–59 days old with fast breathing pneumonia presented to a primary level health facility receive a 7-day course of amoxicillin as per the WHO guideline. However, community-level health workers (CLHW) are not allowed to treat these infants. This trial evaluated the community level treatment of non-hypoxaemic young infants with fast breathing pneumonia by CLHWs.MethodsThis cluster-randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial was conducted in rural areas of Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India and Malawi. We randomly allocated clusters (first-level health facility) 1:1, stratified by the population size, to an intervention group (enhanced community case management) or control group (standard community case management). Infants aged 7–59 days with a respiratory rate of ≥60 breaths/min and oxygen saturation (SpO2) ≥90% were enrolled. In the intervention clusters, these infants were treated with a 7-day course of oral amoxicillin (according to WHO weight bands) and were regularly followed up by CLHWs. In the control clusters, CLHWs continued the standard management (assess and refer after pre-referral antibiotic dose) and followed up according to the national programme guideline. The primary outcome of treatment failure was assessed in both groups by independent outcome assessors on days 6 and 14 after enrolment. Secondary outcomes (accuracy and impact of pulse oximetry) were also assessed.ResultsBetween September 2016 and December 2018, we enrolled 2334 infants (1168 in intervention and 1166 in control clusters) from 208 clusters (104 intervention and 104 control). Of 2334, 22 infants with fast breathing were excluded from analysis, leaving 2312 (1155 in intervention clusters and 1157 in control clusters) for intention-to-treat analysis. The proportion of treatment failure was 5.4% (63/1155) in intervention and 6.3% (73/1157) in the control clusters, including two deaths (0.2%) in each group. The adjusted risk difference for treatment failure between the two groups was −1.0% (95% CI −3.0% to 1.1%). The secondary outcome showed that CLHWs in the intervention clusters performed all recommended steps of pulse oximetry assessment in 94% (1050/1115) of enrolled patients.ConclusionsThe 7-day amoxicillin treatment for 7–59 days old non-hypoxaemic infants with fast breathing pneumonia by CLHWs was non-inferior to the currently recommended referral strategy.Trial registration numbersCTRI/2017/02/007761 and ACTRN12617000857303.
Small Endogeneous Peptide Mitigates Myocardial Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Cardioselective Galectin-3 Overexpression
Authors: Sonkawade Swati D. , Pokharel Saraswati , Karthikeyan Badri , Kim Minhyung , Xu Shirley , KC Kristi , Sexton Sandra , Catalfamo Kayla , Spernyak Joseph A. , Sharma Umesh C. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Myocardial Gal3 (galectin-3) expression is associated with cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. Increased Gal3 portends susceptibility to heart failure and death. There are no data reporting the causative role of Gal3 to mediate cardiac fibro-inflammatory response and heart failure.

Methods:

We developed a cardioselective Gal3 gain-of-function mouse (
Gal3+/+
) using α-myosin heavy chain promotor. We confirmed Gal3-transgene expression with real-time polymerase chain reaction and quantified cardiac/circulating Gal3 with Western blot and immunoassays. We used echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to measure cardiac volumes, function, and myocardial velocities. Ex vivo, we studied myocardial inflammation/fibrosis and downstream TGF (transforming growth factor) β1-mRNA expression. We examined the effects of acute myocardial ischemia in presence of excess Gal3 by inducing acute myocardial infarction in mice. Two subsets of mice including mice treated with N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (a Gal3-inhibitor) and mice with genetic Gal3 loss-of-function (
Gal3
−/−) were studied for comparative analysis of Gal3 function.

Results:

Gal3+/+
mice had increased cardiac/circulating Gal3.
Gal3+/+
mice showed excess pericardial fat pad, dilated ventricles and cardiac dysfunction, which was partly normalized by N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed reduced myocardial contractile velocities in
Gal3+/+
. The majority of
Gal3+/+
mice did not survive acute myocardial infarction, and the survivors had profound cardiac dysfunction. Myocardial histology of
Gal3+/+
mice showed macrophage/mast-cell infiltration, fibrosis and higher TGFβ1-mRNA expression, which were mitigated by both Gal3 gene deletion and N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline administration.

Conclusions:
Our study shows that cardioselective Gal3 overexpression leads to multiple cardiac phenotypic defects including ventricular dilation and cardiac dysfunction. Pharmacological Gal3 inhibition conferred protective effects with reduction of inflammation and fibrosis. Our study highlights the importance of translational studies to counteract Gal3 function and prevent cardiac dysfunction.
Horoscopes of the Moon: Weather Prediction as Astrology in Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos
Authors: Hall Claire 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos is not usually considered as a meteorological text. I examine the sections of the Tetrabiblos that deal with weather prediction and argue that Ptolemy considers it part of astrology. I show that the way Ptolemy categorises weather prediction differs significantly from other Greco-Roman writers, including Cicero (On Divination) and Sextus Empiricus (Against the Astrologers). I argue for these conclusions: first, that Ptolemy considers weather prediction to be part of astrology – i.e., a scientific practice which includes giving an account of the causes of phenomena with reference to the stars; to give such an account for the weather requires a practitioner to go beyond the observation and cataloguing of weather signs. Secondly, I argue that understanding weather prediction as astrology means that the distinction between horoscopic and general astrology is more fluid than is sometimes thought. Finally, I will show that Ptolemy’s views on weather prediction provide a case study for his view of astral causation.
The Matrix of Understanding: Moses Zacuto’s Em la-Binah and Kabbalistic Works of Reference
Authors: Necker Gerold 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The systematization of knowledge for educational practice entered a new era in the wake of Ramism. Innovative encyclopedic approaches and textbooks also surfaced in the field of Kabbalah. This article discusses Moses Zacuto’s approach to the kabbalistic genre of reference books and the impact of Lurianic Kabbalah. Against the backdrop of the reception of Ramist ideas and building upon the interaction between Kabbalah and logic in Abraham Cohen de Herrera’s Spanish books, two works in particular, which Zacuto left in an apparently unfinished state in manuscript form, are analyzed in this context: Em la-Binah and Remez ha-Romez. Both works differ from traditional reference books, and Em la-Binah in particular will be examined in order to answer the question of how Zacuto’s strategy for commonplace learning worked in a Lurianic textbook in progress.
Synopsis of the genus Bothriochloa (Poaceae: Andropogoneae) in India
Authors: LANDGE SHAHID NAWAZ , SHINDE RAJENDRA D. 
Published: August 2021

During the taxonomic study of the genus Bothriochloa from India, B. ewartiana was reported for the first time in Asia from India. Earlier, it was known only from Australia, Lesser Sunda Island (Sumbawa, Timor), Philippines (Luzon), and Papua New Guinea (Madang). We have discussed about its amphitropical disjunct distribution over a vast continental gap with respect to some variability reported in the morphological attributes. A hypothesis behind its seclusion from Far East is also discussed. The images of the habitat and habit of B. ewartiana along with its detailed comparison with a close species B. woodrovii are provided. The taxonomic limits of each Indian species of Bothriochloa along with their ranges of morphological variations and distribution have been discussed in a detail. The Indian endemic B. parameswaranii (synonym nova) has been relegated, based on the morphological study, as a new taxonomic synonym of B. insculpta. Moreover, keys to identify closely allied genera and the species of Bothriochloa in India are provided. At the end, identification, taxonomic notes and the range of variations of Dichanthium foulkesii, D. jainii & D. concanense have been discussed in a detail.
The “Hidden Story” about Change in Alcohol Use in India over the Past Two Decades: Insights from a Secondary Analysis of Data from the National Family Health Survey
Authors: Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Chattopadhyay Ankita , Sarkar Siddharth 
Published: August 2021

Background: Studies and published reports have not commented on the change in the proportion of the Indian population that consumed alcohol over the years. Methods: We report the findings on changes in alcohol use in India over the past two decades, based on a secondary analysis of the data gathered over the successive National Family Health Surveys (NFHS-3 to 5). Results: There was a significant decline (P < 0.001) of around 8% and 45% for the current use of alcohol among men and women from NFHS-3 to NFHS-4. There was a decline in the proportion of men reporting alcohol use across all but one state in NFHS-5 compared to NFHS-3. The decline was statistically significant (P < 0.001) for all but one state. There was a decline in the proportion of women reporting alcohol use in 12 states and an increase in three states. Also, there was a significant (P < 0.001) decline in the proportion of men reporting alcohol use in all the states in NFHS-5 compared to NFHS-4. There was an increase in the proportion of women reporting alcohol use in nine states (statistically significant in six states) in NFHS-5 compared to NFHS-4. However, the proportions were more than NFHS-3 values in two states. Conclusions: These observations on changes in alcohol use in the country over the past two decades will help better understand the trends in alcohol consumption and help better plan the future strategy to address alcohol use and alcohol use disorders.
Tessier Number 3 and 4 Clefts: Clinical Presentation and Associated Clefts in a South African Population
Authors: Omodan Abiola , Pillay Pamela , Lazarus Lelika , Satyapal Kapil , Madaree Anil 
Published: August 2021

Introduction The defects found in Tessier clefts number 3 and number 4 come in various forms in different patients. These variations have to a great extent affected not only documentation of these craniofacial defects but invariably their treatment and communication amongst craniofacial researchers. This study has not only documented the clinical presentation of these clefts in a South African population but has also incorporated the clinical presentation of Tessier clefts number 3 and 4 from different regions of the world. Methods The records of 8 patients, who had been treated for either Tessier clefts number 3 or 4, were reviewed and compared with 16 studies pulled from the literature systematically. The defects recorded as well as associated clefts and other congenital malformations were documented, and findings were compared. Results The anatomical and clinical presentation of the patients was compared to the reviewed literature and the different parameters were documented. In addition, associated clefts were also recorded in the study—it was noted that the association pattern recorded in Tessier cleft number 4 in this study did not conform to its traditional counterpart. Conclusion This study concluded that the clinical presentations of these clefts, however variable, seem to have a similar presentation worldwide. Additionally, associated clefts do not conform to the original Tessier classification system and therefore it is imperative for these patterns to be clearly mapped out.
Predictors of pregnant women’s intention to vaccinate against coronavirus disease 2019: A facility-based cross-sectional study in southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Hailemariam Shewangizaw , Mekonnen Besufekad , Shifera Nigusie , Endalkachew Biruk , Asnake Molla , Assefa Ashenafi , Qanche Qaro 
Published: August 2021

Objective: Ethiopia is planning to vaccinate 20% of its population against the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic by the end of 2021—however, there is no single piece of evidence regarding pregnant women’s intention to be vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019; hence, the objective of this study was to investigate predicting factors of intention to be vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 among pregnant women in Bench-Sheko Zone, southwest Ethiopia. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study was undertaken from 1 February to 1 March 2021 in southwest Ethiopia. The study was carried out among pregnant women who came for antenatal care service in the selected public health facilities. Interviewer-administered structured tool was used to collect the data. Data were entered into EpiData (version 3.1) and then analyzed using SPSS (version 20). Results: The study revealed that only 31.3% (95% confidence interval: 26.7–35.2) of the participants had an intention to be vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 when the vaccine will be made available in Ethiopia. Participants’ intention to be vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 was significantly associated with attaining secondary school and above (adjusted odds ratio = 4.24, 95% confidence interval: 2.23–9.32), residing in urban areas (adjusted odds ratio = 2.57, 95% confidence interval: 1.22–5.40), being compliant with coronavirus disease 2019 guidelines (adjusted odds ratio = 5.86, 95% confidence interval: 3.40–10.09), and having good perception toward coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine (adjusted odds ratio = 3.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.64–5.62). Conclusion: Above all, in this study, pregnant women’s intention to vaccinate against coronavirus disease 2019 was very low when compared with previous studies. Hence, before commencing the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination program in Ethiopia, it is essential to launch a widespread public health education campaign that could improve people’s perception of the vaccine. Besides, the upcoming public health intervention programs better put special emphasis on community members with lower educational attainment backgrounds and rural residents.
Effect of 8-week treadmill running with peroneal muscle functional electrical stimulation on laterally deviated centre of plantar pressure position and star excursion balance test performance
Authors: Bamber Zoe A , Wheeler Patrick C , Swain Ian D , Fong Daniel TP 
Published: August 2021

Introduction Ankle sprain is a common injury that can have long-term sequelae resulting in pain, swelling and a reduction of physical activity participation. Previous research has shown a laterally deviated centre of pressure (COP) during running gait increases the risk of lateral ankle sprain. As a method of altering COP, electrical stimulation has been considered. Method A group of 14 healthy males were randomly allocated to case control groups which were single blinded. The intervention involved an 8-week training programme of functional electrical stimulation to the peroneal muscles during treadmill running, with a sham control group. Outcomes were COP position and star excursion balance test. Statistical analysis was through SPSS using a combination of MANOVA, T-tests and Wilcoxon signed rank Results There was a significant difference in the results post intervention at max pressure for intervention M = 0.7(±0.7) and control M = −6.0 (±4.6) conditions; t(6) = −2.9, p < 0.05 Conclusion It has been demonstrated that FES can alter COP during max pressure in running gait after an 8-week training programme, although carry over effect appears limited and further testing is required.
Pathology spectrum of kidney damage in Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma/leukemia, and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma in the real practice
Authors: Zakharova Elena V , Makarova Tatyana A , Stolyarevich Ekaterina S , Vorobyeva Olga A 
Published: August 2021

Background: Kidney damage in lymphomas/leukemia’s presents with either acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), or both; and whilst AKI leads to evaluation often based on the clinical data, in some AKI and in almost all CKD cases kidney biopsy gives a clue to the diagnosis. Methods: A single center non-interventional retrospective study identified 36 patients with biopsy-proven kidney damage: 6 with Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), 18 with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma/leukemia (NHL/CLL), and 12 with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (LPL). Results: Fifty-eight percent males and 42% females mean age 56.2 ± 17.4 years, presented with nephrotic syndrome in 47.2%, and with AKI in 11.1% of cases; 75% of patients diagnosed with CKD; in 13.9% AKI was superimposed on CKD. Patients with NHL/CLL presented with AKI significantly more often compared to HL and LPL—44% versus 16.6% versus 0 respectively. Monoclonal immunoglobulin (MIg) related glomerulopathies (GP) were found in 83.3% versus 16.6% cases in the LPL and NHL/CLL sub-groups, respectively ( p = 0.013). Patterns of damage included intracapillary monoclonal deposition disease, light and heavy chain amyloidosis, monotypic membranous nephropathy (MN), cryoglobulinemic glomerulonephritis (GN) and C3-GN in the LPL; and monotypic MN and proliferative GN with MIg deposits in the NHL/CLL sub-groups respectively. Paraneoplastic GPs were found in 83.3%, 38.8%, and 16.6% of patients with HL, NHL/CLL, LPL, respectively (HL vs LPL, p < 0.001), and included minimal change disease (MCD), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), and IgA-nephropathy in the HL; membranoproliferative GN, MN, and MCD in NHL/CLL; and FSGS in the LPL sub-groups. Tubulointerstitial damage revealed in NHL/CLL sub-group only, and found in every other case with 80% of lymphoid infiltration. Conclusions: Pattern glomerular damage depends on lymphoma type: paraneoplastic GPs are typical for HL, MIg-related GPs dominate in LPL, NHL/CLL presents mainly as paraneoplastic with single MIg-related patterns. Tubulointerstitial damage due to specific kidney infiltration attributable to NHL/CLL.