bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective symptoms and learning difficulties predicting ADHD in adults: Differences between prison inmates and the clinical population
Authors: Rodríguez Celestino , García Trinidad , Areces Débora , Rodríguez Javier , Arteaga‐Henriquez Gara , Ramos‐Quiroga Antoni 
Published: March 2021

People who suffer from ADHD in their childhood are more likely to be involved in criminal acts in late adolescence and adulthood. This study analyses the association between retrospective ADHD symptoms and associated problems (somatic and learning difficulties), and current symptoms in a sample of adults from imprisoned and clinical populations. Four hundred and fifty‐seven participants, aged between 17 and 69 years, were divided into four groups: ADHD prison group without clinical history of symptoms (n = 61), prison group (n = 162), ADHD clinical group (n = 176) and clinical group (n = 58). The ADHD‐IV scale and Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS) were administered to the four groups and demonstrated high rates of persistence of ADHD symptoms into adulthood. ADHD groups reported significantly higher impairment both during childhood (symptoms, somatic and learning difficulties) and at present, with the ADHD clinical group being the most severely impaired. Finally, current symptoms of ADHD, along with childhood ADHD symptoms and learning difficulties, significantly predicted current impairments, but only in the clinical group. These findings represent some initial steps into the identification of predictors of ADHD symptomatology in adulthood in order to elucidate its etiopathogenesis and better identify high‐risk groups for targeted prevention.
Analysis of the mediating effect of mentalization on the relationship between attachment styles and emotion dysregulation
Authors: Parada‐Fernández Pamela , Herrero‐Fernández David , Oliva‐Macías Mireia , Rohwer Heidi 
Published: March 2021

The current study aims to explore the relationship between attachment styles, mentalization and emotion dysregulation. Moreover, the mediation effect of mentalization in the relationship between attachment and emotion dysregulation is analyzed. A sample composed of 607 participants taken from the Spanish general population completed the measures in a cross‐sectional designed study. The results show that secure attachment is negatively related to emotion dysregulation dimensions, whereas insecure attachment styles show a positive correlation. Furthermore, the mentalization variables are in general significantly related to emotion dysregulation. The mediation model shows a large mediational effect size (f2 = 2.64). The results suggest that mentalization significantly mediates the relationship between emotion dysregulation and preoccupation, self‐sufficiency, and childhood trauma. These results have important implications, as they indicate that clinical interventions on mentalization should reduce emotion dysregulation even in those people with a predominant insecure attachment style.
Efficient estimation via envelope chain in magnetic resonance imaging‐based studies
Authors: Liu Lan , Li Wei , Su Zhihua , Cook Dennis , Vizioli Luca , Yacoub Essa 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique that scans the anatomical structure of the brain, whereas functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) uses the same basic principles of atomic physics as MRI scans but image metabolic function. A major goal of MRI and fMRI study is to precisely delineate various types of tissues, anatomical structure, pathologies, and detect the brain regions that react to outer stimuli (e.g., viewing an image). As a key feature of these MRI‐based neuroimaging data, voxels (cubic pixels of the brain volume) are highly correlated. However, the associations between voxels are often overlooked in the statistical analysis. We adapt a recently proposed dimension reduction method called the envelope method to analyze neuoimaging data taking into account correlation among voxels. We refer to the modified procedure the envelope chain procedure. Because the envelope chain procedure has not been employed before, we demonstrate in simulations the empirical performance of estimator, and examine its sensitivity when our assumptions are violated. We use the estimator to analyze the MRI data from ADHD‐200 study. Data analyses demonstrate that leveraging the correlations among voxels can significantly increase the efficiency of the regression analysis, thus achieving higher detection power with small sample sizes.
Ex vivo comparison of standing and recumbent repair of incomplete parasagittal fractures of the first phalanx in horses
Authors: Labens Raphael , Jermyn Kieri 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess suspensory ligament extensor branch location and fracture gap reduction with simulation of standing and recumbent cortical bone screw repair of experimental incomplete parasagittal proximal phalanx (P1) fractures.Study designControlled laboratory study.Sample populationTwenty equine cadaver forelimbs.MethodsSimulated fractures were repaired twice in random order. A proximal cortical bone screw was placed in lag fashion with the limb unloaded (simulated recumbent repair) and loaded to 38% of body weight (range, 375–568 kg; simulated standing repair). Changes in fracture gap width were assessed on computed tomography (CT) images and with intraplanar force‐sensitive resistors measuring voltage ratios (V△) between loaded recumbent (R‐1) and standing repair simulations (R‐2). Extensor branch borders were determined relative to implant position and sagittal P1 width on transverse CT images. P ≤ .05 was considered significant.ResultsStanding repair simulation‐associated fracture gaps were not wider than in R‐1 while controlling for confounding factors (loading weight, implant position, or animal age; P > .7, repeated‐measures analysis of variance). Voltage ratio data associated with R‐2 were not smaller than with R‐1 (mean difference, 0.002 ± 0.052; one‐sided Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, P = .27). More of P1 width was approachable palmar to extensor branches when limbs were loaded (0.804 ± 0.314 cm) vs unloaded (0.651 ± 0.31 cm; paired Student's t test, P < .001).ConclusionSimulated standing repair was not associated with inferior fracture reduction compared with loaded simulations of recumbent repairs. Limb loading affected extensor branch location relevant to implant positioning.Clinical significanceUnloading during standing repair of incomplete parasagittal proximal P1 fractures may not be required to optimize fracture reduction.
A Tabular Method of Calculating Helicopter Blade Deflections and Moments
Authors: Myklestad N. O. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
It is assumed that the blade rotates about a fixed axis with a constant angular velocity and that it is subjected to a known load parallel to the axis of rotation. The axis of the blade, which is a line through the centroid of each cross section, is not necessarily a straight radial line, but its deviation from such a line must be small. For each cross section, one of the principal axes of moment of inertia is also considered to be parallel to the axis of rotation and bending is assumed to take place in a plane through this axis. The load as well as the mass of the blade are concentrated at distinct points on the blade axis. Under these assumptions the proposed method of analysis will give the shear forces, bending moments, slopes, and deflections by performing a series of tabular calculations. The load, which is always periodic, must first be put in the form of a constant term and a series of harmonic terms, each of which must be analyzed separately. The effects of the constant load and the eccentricity and slope at the base of the blade axis are found together and are easily disposed of in two simple tabular calculations involving only real quantities. The effect of each harmonic involves three tabular calculations with complex numbers. The complex numbers take care of the phase angles which vary along the axis of the blade.
Burn-Up Dependent Modeling of Fuel-to-Clad Gap Conductance and Temperature Predictions for Mixed-Oxide Fuel in the ESFR-SMART Core
Authors: Lavarenne Jean , Bubelis Evaldas , Davies Una , Gianfelici Simone , Gicquel Solène , Krepel Jiri , Lainet Marc , Lindley Ben , Mikityuk Konstantin , Murphy Christophe , Perrin Benoit , Pfrang Werner , Ponomarev Alexander , Schubert Arndt , Shwageraus Eugene , Van Uffelen Paul 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Accurate coupled neutronic-thermal-hydraulic analysis of sodium fast reactor (SFRs), including European sodium fast reactor—safety measures assessment and research tools (ESFR-SMART), requires an accurate calculation of the fuel-to-clad gap conductance. This is typically derived using a fuel performance code and is dependent on fuel rating and burn-up history, among other parameters. In this paper, the gap conductance of the mixed oxide fuel (MOX) pins in the ESFR-SMART project is investigated through predictive modeling in seven independent fuel performance codes, to provide confidence in results and to aid the understanding of the uncertainties associated with gap conductance predictions. A parameterization is then defined. A single pin model for both the inner and outer fuel was built. The fuel was burned for 2100 effective full power days, with the axial power distribution varying over time. This paper presents a comparison of the gap conductance and predicted fuel temperature distribution between codes. The values produced from the codes are then combined to produce a best estimate prediction of the gap conductance expressed as a function of nodal fuel rating and burn-up, for both inner and outer fuel for all seven codes. A 2D fit was applied to the data thus obtained. The spread between results is such that, to 95% confidence, gap conductance predictions may vary from the correlation by up to a factor of ∼4. The gap conductance results obtained show a general increase of conductance with fuel rating and burn-up, from 0.22 at 0 burn-up and 10 kW/m to 0.45 W/cm/K at 0 burn-up and 50 kW/m and to 1.00 W/cm/K at 150 GWd/t and 50 kW/m. Some spread between codes has been noted and appears to be consistent with the spread published earlier by several code developers. There is good agreement between codes at low burn-up for both the central and surface fuel temperature predictions. The spread between codes increases with burn-up due to multiple phenomena, including gap re-opening, joint oxyde gain (JOG) formation, and clad swelling.
Influence of Low Ambient Temperatures on the Exhaust Gas and Deposit Composition of Gasoline Engines
Authors: Appel Dominik , Hagen Fabian P. , Wagner Uwe , Koch Thomas , Bockhorn Henning , Trimis Dimosthenis 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To comply with future emission regulations for internal combustion engines, system-related cold start conditions in short-distance traffic constitute a particular challenge. Under these conditions, pollutant emissions are seriously increased due to internal engine effects and unfavorable operating conditions of the exhaust aftertreatment systems. As a secondary effect, the composition of the exhaust gases has a considerable influence on the deposition of aerosols via different deposition mechanisms and on fouling processes of exhaust gas-carrying components. Also, the performance of exhaust gas aftertreatment systems may be affected disadvantageously. In this study, the exhaust gas and deposit composition of a turbocharged three-cylinder gasoline engine are examined in situ upstream of the catalytic converter at ambient and engine starting temperatures of −22 °C to 23 °C using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer and a particle spectrometer. For the cold start investigation, a modern gasoline engine with series engine periphery is used. In particular, the investigation of the behavior of deposits in the exhaust system of gasoline engines during cold start under dynamic driving conditions represents an extraordinary challenge due to an average lower soot concentration in the exhaust gas compared to diesel engines and so far has not been examined in this form. A novel sampling method allows ex situ analysis of formed deposits during a single driving cycle. Both, particle number concentration and the deposition rate are higher in the testing procedure of real driving emissions (RDEs) than in the inner city part of the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC). In addition, reduced ambient temperatures increase the amount of deposits, which consist predominantly of soot and to a minor fraction of volatile compounds. Although the primary particle size distributions of the deposited soot particles do not change when boundary conditions change, the degree of graphitization within the particles increases with the increasing exhaust gas temperature.
Enhancement of the Photovoltaic Potential in Mimosa pudica-Based Dye for Sensitization of the Working Electrode in the Construction of Solar Cell
Authors: Shitta M. B. , Ogedengbe E. O. B. , Familoni O. B. , Ogundipe O. T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The potential enhancement of extract from Mimosa pudica (M. pudica) leaf for sensitizing TiO2 layer toward the production of the organic solar cell is investigated. A unique diffusion model that incorporates the concentration of the extract in the TiO2 layer is adopted. The diffusion characterization of the extract into the TiO2 provides a proper understanding of the dynamics of the extract within the layer. This research applies the combination of experimental and numerical techniques toward the investigation of the diffusion characteristics in M. pudica extract. Experimental chromatograph of the extract is conducted in order to reveal the properties and concentration of the extract. Three different thicknesses of TiO2 deposit are sensitized at different hours in order to monitor the absorbance. Using the finite volume method (FVM), the adsorption and diffusion characteristics of the extract into the layer of TiO2 are modeled. The current–voltage characteristics of the cell are combined in series as a standard module and applied to an audited office space. The cell area characterized is 0.3848 cm2, and the conversion efficiency of 1.35% is obtained. The concentration model of the extract in TiO2 and the entrance velocity is presented. The experimental and numerical results compared favorably. However, it is anticipated that additional taxonomical characterization of M. pudica and advanced investigation into organic matrix composite will provide a useful guide for the synthesis of the natural dye and enhance the conversion efficiency of the solar module for renewable power generation.
Development of a Knowledge-Based Sequence Design System for Cross Wedge Rolling
Authors: Fu X. P. , Dean T. A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A prototype knowledge-based system of sequence design for cross wedge rolling (CWR) is described. This is a part of a complete system developed for cross wedge rolling process. Parts are catalogued with a hybrid solid rotational part classification and coding system utilizing the principles of group technology, together with metal-flow features. The proper knowledge representation of the rolled part and wedge tool configurations is incorporated into an expert system. Given a part code and its geometric data via the text input, the rolling sequence and wedge tool configurations are automatically determined by the system. Wedge tool feature patterns are embedded into the knowledge representation to match a corresponding rolled part. Examples demonstrated in this paper show that this system has been applied to modelling sequence designs and these designs have assisted the modelling die design activities for the CWR process.
A Generic Petri Net Model for Dynamic Process Planning
Authors: Kiritsis Dimitris , Porchet Michel , Belhi Abdelkader 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper a generic dynamic model for process planning is presented, based on Petri net technology. The proposed Petri net model 1) represents manufacturing knowledge of the type of precedence relations constraints 2) represents dynamically the process planning procedure itself, and 3) encapsulates all possible process planning solutions (process plans). Furthermore, process planning simulation can be performed directly on the Petri net and reachability analysis of the model gives the complete set of solutions (process plans). Then, optimum solutions can be found by using a method based on heuristics.
OMEGA: An Expert CAPP System
Authors: Sabourin Laurent , Villeneuve François 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article presents the validation of a part analysis method for the creation of a process planning system for automobile prototype activity at the PSA group. The methodology presented is founded upon the division of the problem into two semi-separate sub-fields. The first consists in automatically defining the operation sequences, by the association between functional and machining features. The second one defines the sequencing of machining operations in set ups, founded upon a constraint planning strategy. The methods developed in this article have been implemented as an expert system named OMEGA.
Supporting Creative Mechanical Design
Authors: Sun Kun , Faltings Boi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Knowledge-based CAD systems limit designers’ creativity by constraining them to work with the prototypes provided by the systems’ knowledge bases. We investigate knowledge-based CAD systems capable of supporting creative designs in the example domain of elementary mechanisms.
We present a technique based on qualitative explanations which allows a designer to extend the knowledge base by demonstrating a structure which implements a function in a creative way. Structure is defined as the geometry of the parts, and function using a general logical language based on qualitative physics. We argue that the technique can accommodate any creative design in the example domain, and we demonstrate the technique using an example of a creative design.
The use of qualitative physics as a tool for extensible knowledge-based systems points out a new and promising application area for qualitative physics.
Automated Verification of Clamping Stability in Computer-Aided Fixture Design
Authors: Rong Yiming (Kevin) , Wu Sheng-hua , Chu T. Philip 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a method for automated verification of clamping stability in computer-aided modular fixture designs. When a modular fixture design is conducted by using a CAD system, equilibrium between clamping forces and locating responses needs to be evaluated for a reliable locating. If the positions and directions of locating and clamping components are not appropriately placed, the clamping action may not secure the locating but destroy it. In this paper, two technical problems related to clamping stability verification are studied: automated extraction of positions/directions of clamping forces and locating responses, and evaluation of clamping equilibrium of the fixture design. The automated extraction of the locating/clamping positions/directions is implemented by adding special attributes into a fixture component CAD database based on an analysis of locating and clamping methods using modular fixture components. To verify the clamping stability of a fixture design, the clamping forces are assumed as active and known input forces, and the locating responses are passive and variables to be solved. In the solution, all locating responses should be non-negative for a stable clamping, and the friction should be in a feasible range for a stable clamping.
Analysis of a Balanced Breech System for the M1A1 Main Gun System Using Finite Element Techniques
Authors: Hopkins David A. , Wilkerson Stephen A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A series of experiments were recently conducted in an attempt to reduce the dynamic motions of the M256 gun system during firing. Data collected during these experiments included the motion of the gun tube and breech mechanism for both the standard (unbalanced) configuration and a modified system in which mass was added such that the breech center of gravity (CG) was coincident with the gun tube centerline. The results indicated a noticeable change in the dynamic motions between these two configurations. Prior experiments indicated that the unbalanced breech drops several tenths of a millimeter during the firing cycle. Also, the gun tube whipping motion, which is induced by the powder pressure couple, vibrates the gun in a similar fashion regardless of ammunition type. Furthermore, the gun tube shape at shot exit always resembles a distorted sine wave. This behavior was noted for both heat and kinetic energy (KE) munitions in previous unbalanced breech tests conducted with the M256 gun. However, when the breech is balanced, the dynamics of the entire system change in both shape and magnitude of displacement.
This report attempts to explain the results of the tests performed. This was accomplished using a three-dimensional (3-D), transient, finite element (FE) model of the entire system, which included breech, gun tube, trunnion mount, recoil, and projectile. Results from these calculations provide an explanation of the observed behavior of the system. Insight acquired about the nature of the system’s behavior was then used to propose several simple improvements to the M256 gun system which can be applied to gun systems in general. Implementation of these changes should decrease the shot-to-shot variability associated with gun accuracy.
Dynamic Response of Composites to Impact Loading
Authors: Cheng Wing L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper shares some of our experiences in the use of a supercomputer to facilitate the analysis of impact process in thick composites, and also in the benefits of color animation of the results on a Macintosh computer. An explicit nonlinear finite element program has been ported to the CRAY-2 Supercomputer at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC). The calculations were carried out using an impact model developed for high velocity impact of fiber-reinforced layered composites. The model is built on a continuum approach and includes a basic orthotopic constitutive material behavior. It has been validated to some degree with ballistic tests and therefore can provide a reasonable estimate of the effectiveness of a fiber-reinforced layered composite construction as a protective system. A computer program was developed to convert the results of the analysis for hundreds of time steps to 8-bit raster images. The images stored in NCSA’s Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) were then transferred to a color Macintosh workstation and animated using graphics tools developed at NCSA. The same set of images were also directly recorded on a video tape and displayed on any standard VCR. This animation capability allowed us to see important detailed information about various quantities like deformation, pressure, stress, etc., which cannot be easily observed by any other means.
Adiabatic Flame Temperature and Product Composition for Lean Combustion of Hydrogen-Methane Combination
Authors: Dülger Zafer 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Adiabatic combustion of methane (natural gas)-hydrogen mixtures is analyzed The adiabatic flame temperature and products composition (especially NOx and CO2 concentrations) variation with excess air (fuel-air equivalence ratio), hydrogen enrichment of methane, and reactant temperature is determined It is shown that reductions in NOx and CO2 emissions are possible with the extended lean limit of combustion of methane associated with hydrogen enrichment CO2 concentrations are also reduced with hydrogen enrichment, reductions being dependent upon the degree of enrichment.