bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P‐selectin deficiency protects against high‐fat diet‐induced obesity and insulin resistance (641.1)
Authors: Yang Jing‐Wen , Day Yuan‐Ji , Hung Li‐Man 
Published: June 2021

Chronic inflammation is widely observed in obese individuals, and trigger insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. P‐selectin is a cell adhesion molecule which expressed on the surface of activated vascular endothelial cells and platelet. P‐selectin participate the recruitment of leukocytes to injury area in the early stage of leukocyte attachment, and followed mediates inflammation. In addition, P‐selectin also activated platelets and contribution to leukocyte rolling.The present study was aimed to investigate the impact of P‐selectin on high‐fat diet‐induced obesity, adipose tissue inflammation, and systemic insulin resistance. The experimental animal were randomly divided into four groups, wild‐type (wt) mice fed with chow diet or high‐fat diet and P‐selectin knockout mice ( P‐sel KO ) fed with chow diet or high‐fat diet.The results show that high‐fat diet‐induced obesity, insulin resistance, and leukocyte‐endothelium adhesive interaction were significantly ameliorated in P‐sel KO mice. Furthermore, Irradiated wt or P‐sel KO mice received bone marrow transplants (BMT) from wt or ko mice to make wt/wt, ko/wt, wt/ko, or ko/ko (donor/recipient) BMT chimeric mice. Repeated the previously experiments, the results suggest that most protection from high‐fat diet induced injury is due to selectively lack of P‐selectin on endothelial cells because protection by wt/ko BMT chimera is minimal in ko/ko BMT chimera.Taken together, our results demonstrate that P‐sel KO suppressed body weight gain after feeding with high‐fat diet. Blockade of high‐fat diet‐induced P‐selectin production maintained insulin sensitivity via suppression of leukocyte rolling, and followed suppressed inflammation.
American ginseng and its bioactive compounds inhibit preadipocyte differentiation by suppressing peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma in 3T3‐L1 cells and human primary preadipocytes (641.11)
Authors: Zhang Longyun , Si Hongwei 
Published: June 2021

American ginseng, a well‐known therapeutic herbal medicine in Asian countries, and the fifth most commonly used natural product in US, has an array of health benefits including preventing cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer; however, there are very few reports on obesity prevention. The objectives of the present study are to investigate whether and how American ginseng and its bioactive compounds prevent obesity development in preadipocytes. We found that the whole American ginseng extract (WH, 500‐2000 µg/ml) and its bioactive compounds ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2, 30, 40, 50, 60 µM), ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3, 1, 10, 50, 100 µM) and compound K (CoK, 30, 40, 50, 60 µM) dose‐dependently inhibited 3T3‐L1 cell differentiation, which was measured by oil red staining. Similarly, WH, Rh2, Rg3 and CoK also inhibited cell differentiation in human primary preadipocytes (HPP) at much lower concentrations 50‐1000 µg/ml, 5‐20 µM, 1‐50 µM and 5‐20 µM respectively. Further study showed that WH, Rh2, Rg3 and CoK dose‐dependently suppressed both of protein and RNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR‐γ), the key player of preadipocyte differentiation by western blot and real‐time PCR both in 3T3‐L1 and HPP. These results suggest that American ginseng and its selected bioactive compounds may prevent obesity by suppressing preadipocyte differentiation through inhibiting PPAR‐γ expression.Grant Funding Source: Supported by USDA‐CBG grant (TENX‐2011‐02575)
Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in college students from central Mexico (641.14)
Authors: Aguilar‐Galarza Adiana , Galindo Marín Carlos , Moreno‐Celis Ulisses , Sánchez‐Ugalde Diana , García‐Gasca Teresa , Anaya‐Loyola Miriam 
Published: June 2021

Many epidemiologic studies have been focused on the estimation of metabolic syndrome (MS) in adults. Some of them have included the quantification of insulin resistance (IR) through the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA‐IR). The objective of this cross‐sectional study was to evaluate the prevalence of MS in 776 students from Querétaro (central Mexico), aged 17‐29 years. Conventional methods were used to measure body weight, height and, waist circumference and blood pressure. After 12‐hour fasting period, a blood sample was taken to analyze glucose (Glc), total cholesterol, HDL‐cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and insulin concentrations. LDL‐cholesterol and HOMA‐IR were estimated. Obesity and overweight were presented in 25% of the participants. Average waist circumference was higher in men tan in women (73.4±0.5 vs. 80.2±0.6 cm). Glc, TG and blood pressure were significant higher in men (P<0.0001). The prevalence of MS using the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III) criteria was 12% and 72% of the students had at least one component of MS. TG and HDL‐cholesterol were the biochemical markers mainly associated with MS. TG concentrations were three times higher in students with 3 risk factors of MS compared to those students without any risk factor. IR was present in 43% of students, with mean HOMA‐IR of 3.6 ± 2.6. IR was observed even in students with normal glucose. IR has to be used together with the detection of MS in young students, to prevent further health problems.Grant Funding Source: Supported by PIFI‐FCN 2012
Distinct gender differences in the anthropometric profile of South African HIV‐positive individuals on highly active anti‐retroviral treatment (641.16)
Authors: Nell Theo , Beukes Dillan , Essop M. Faadiel 
Published: June 2021

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has extended life expectancy and enhanced the well‐being of HIV+ individuals. Since there are concerns regarding HAART‐mediated onset of cardio‐metabolic diseases in the long‐term, we evaluated the anthropometric profile of HIV‐infected individuals in the Drakenstein District (Western Cape, South Africa). HIV+ patients (n=44 males, n=102 females; 20‐40 yrs) were recruited for 3 groups: 1) control (HIV+, HAART not initiated yet), 2) HIV+ (HAART 蠄 3 years), and 3) HIV+ (HAART 蠅 3 years). Participants underwent a) anthropometric (triceps skin fold [TSF], and b) bioelectrical impedance measurements (body cell mass [BCM], fat free mass [FFM], protein, mineral, total body potassium and calcium, glycogen, and fat mass [FM]). Our data reveal that HIV+ males on HAART 蠄 3 years displayed a trend for lower BCM, FFM, FM, TSF and protein content (vs. control group). Females exhibited reduced BCM (p=0.001) and lower protein (p=0.003), muscle (p=0.001), glycogen (p=0.001), FM (p=0.0005) and FFM (p=0.002) content. However, with longer‐term treatment (HAART 蠅 3 years), females displayed higher BCM (p=0.0001), protein (p=0.01), muscle (p=0.0003), glycogen (p=0.0001), FM (p=0.00003) and FFM (p=0.0002) vs. the short‐term treatment group (HAART 蠄 3 years). Their waist‐to‐hip ratio also increased vs. the control female group (p=0.02). By contrast, males on HAART 蠅 3 years did not show any significant increases compared to the HAART 蠄 3 years group. This study found striking gender‐based anthropometric differences in South African HIV+ individuals on HAART. While both genders initially exhibit muscle wasting, HIV+ females show a strong improvement with longer‐term treatment compared to males. However, higher abdominal fat accumulation in females with longer‐term treatment potentially increases their risk for the future onset of cardio‐metabolic complications.Grant Funding Source: Harry Crossley Foundation, Stellenbosch University
Distinct ethnic differences in cholesterol metabolism following high fructose feeding (642.1)
Authors: Harding Scott , Goff Louise 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of our study was to assess ethnic‐specific impacts of fructose on cholesterol metabolism of black West‐African (BWA) and white‐European (WE) men. 15 men (7 BWA/8 WE) undertook 24‐hrs controlled feeding (20% calories from fructose). Plasma cholesterol (TC), HDL, non‐HDL, triglycerides (TG), red blood cell cholesterol (Chol), lathosterol (LS), campesterol (CS) and β‐sitosterol (BS) concentrations were measured at baseline and 24hrs and changes assessed in each ethnicity by student and paired t‐tests. Baseline TC (5.13±0.68 vs. 4.33±0.58, p=0.03) and non‐HDL (3.75±0.61 vs. 3.07±0.51, p=0.03) were higher in BWA but there were no differences in HDL or TG. There were no significant lipid changes (TC +0.21 mmol/L; non‐HDL +0.18 mmol/L; HDL +0.03 mmol/L; TG +0.05 mmol/L) following fructose feeding in WE while BWA TC (+0.38 mmol/L, p=0.002), non‐HDL (+0.30 mmol/L, p=0.004) and HDL (+0.08 mmol/L, p=0.02) increased. Baseline RBC Chol, LS, CS and BS were higher in BWA compared to WE. Change in RBC Chol following fructose was not different between ethnicities but did remain higher in BWA (0.17 vs. 0.05 µmol/g RBC, p=0.003). The LS/Chol (mmol/mol chol) (5.6 vs. 4.2, p=0.06) tended to be higher in BWA suggesting a higher cholesterol synthesis. Finally, CS (0.54 vs. 0.08 nmol/g RBC, p=0.02) and BS (0.34 vs. 0.06 nmol/g RBC, p=0.008) concentrations were higher and the BS/Chol (1.9 vs. 1.2, p=0.11) tended to be higher at 24hrs in BWA, indicating higher cholesterol absorption. These data illustrate both ethnic specific differences in markers of cholesterol metabolism and a differential effect of fructose on these outcomes.Grant Funding Source: Supported by King's College London
Effect of omega‐3 fatty acids on lipoprotein profile and particle size in Hispanic women (642.2)
Authors: Deemer Sarah , Ben‐Ezra Vic , King George , Hickey Matthew , Melby Christopher 
Published: June 2021

The effect of increased Ω3 fatty acids on lipoprotein sub‐fractions has not been well studied in Hispanic women, a group with a high prevalence of dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. The purpose of this randomized, placebo‐controlled trial was to examine the effect of a 90‐day (90D) combined EPA+DHA supplementation on lipoprotein profiles of Hispanic women. Twenty‐seven non‐diabetic women were randomly assigned to the Ω3 group (n=17, 1.9 g/day EPA+DHA) or the placebo group (n=10, 2 g/day oleic acid). At baseline (0D) and 90D a fasting blood sample was drawn for determination of lipoprotein profile and lipoprotein particle sub‐fractions. For the Ω3 group, total cholesterol increased 6.5%, triglycerides were reduced 14.8%, LDL concentration increased 5.6%, and total LDL particle size concentration increased 8.2% (P < 0.05). Large LDL particle size concentration increased 16% from 0D to 90D, this change was not significant (P = 0.051). At 90D, total cholesterol, LDLs, and LDL particle concentration were higher in the Ω3 group compared to placebo (P < 0.05). Omega‐3 supplementation resulted in reduced plasma TGs and an increase in large LDL particle size concentration, yet had no effect on HDL particle size or concentration. Further research is necessary to examine the effects of increased Ω3 fatty acid intake in Hispanic women on dyslipidemia and related co‐morbidities.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station
Tissue specific induction of ChREBP isoforms in carbohydrate refed mice and their impact on lipogenesis (642.8)
Authors: Paton Chad , Stamatikos Alexis , Rogowski Michael 
Published: June 2021

Background: Carbohydrate response element binding protein alpha (ChREBPα) is a transcription factor involved in carbohydrate (CHO) induced de novo lipogenesis. Recently, a novel isoform (ChREBPβ) has been discovered and the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 1) obesity, and 2) different CHO on ChREBPβ induction and transcriptional activity.Methods: For the effect of obesity, mice were fed a high‐fat diet for 12 weeks after which liver mRNA and protein expression of ChREBPα and –β were assessed. To determine the effect of dietary CHO on ChREBPα and –β, mice were fasted for 24 hours and refed a high glucose, sucrose, or fructose diet for 12 hours. Tissues were collected to assess changes in lipogenic induction as well as ChREBPα and ChREBPβ. HEK293 cells were transfected with either ChREBPα or ‐β and treated with either 25mM glucose or fructose for 24 hours and differences in lipogenic activity.Results: ChREBPα mRNA was not affected by obesity, however ChREBPβ mRNA was 3.8±0.6 fold higher than chow‐fed mice. Unexpectedly, ChREBPα decreased after all three CHO diets whereas ChREBPβ increased in all tissues assessed except muscle. In liver, sucrose refeeding caused the largest increase in ChREBPβ expression followed by fructose, then glucose (24.4±11.1, 17.8±9.5, and 10.1±3.2). In HEK cells, ChREBPβ expression was also associated with glucose‐induced lipogenic gene expression and not ChREBPα.Conclusions: ChREBPα and ChREBPb can be detected separately and their induction is detectible in the liver and other peripheral tissues of carbohydrate re‐fed mice. ChREBPβ expression appears to be responsible for carbohydrate‐induced lipogenic gene induction whereas ChREBPα is likely responsible for inducing ChREBPβ.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Aniara Research Grant
Sulforaphane alters the expression of long intragenic non‐coding RNAs that are dysregulated in prostate cancer cells (644.10)
Authors: Beaver Laura , Buchanan Alex , Sokolowski Elizabeth , Glasser Sarah , Wong Carmen , Chang Jeff , Williams David , Dashwood Roderick , Ho Emily 
Published: June 2021

The dysregulation of long intergenic non‐coding RNA’s (lincRNAs) has become an emerging factor in cancer development. Dietary chemopreventive compounds, such as sulforaphane (SFN) from cruciferous vegetables, can alter epigenetic targets for cancer prevention but the impact of diet on lincRNA expression is unknown. Normal prostate epithelial cells and prostate cancer cells were treated with 15 μM SFN to test the hypothesis that SFN alters the expression of lincRNAs. RNA‐sequencing revealed that hundreds of lincRNAs were differentially expressed in prostate cancer cells relative to normal prostate epithelial cells. SFN treatment significantly altered the expression of ~70 lincRNAs in each cell type. The SFN‐induced response differed depending on cell line and was dynamic over time. In prostate cancer cells, SFN treatment reversed the aberrant expression of some lincRNAs. Preliminary guilt by association work showed that lincRNA's altered by SFN treatment correlate with genes that regulate angiogenesis, cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and the glutathione metabolic process. Studies evaluating the functional role of these lincRNAs in prostate cancer development are ongoing. Ultimately, this data revealed a novel mechanism by which SFN impacts prostate cancer that may be leveraged to develop future successful prostate cancer prevention strategies. Funding: P01CA090890Grant Funding Source: Supported by P01CA090890
The anti‐cancer dietary compound capsaicin shows higher bioavailability in the lung than other organs (644.2)
Authors: Rollyson William , Stover Cody , Brown Kathleen , Perry Haley , Stevenson Cathryn , Crabtree Clayton , Dom Aaron , Lau Jamie , Witte Theodore , Hardman W , Dasgupta Piyali 
Published: June 2021

Capsaicin, spicy ingredient of chili peppers, is used to topically treat pain and inflammation associated with a variety of diseases. Data from our laboratory shows that capsaicin displays apoptotic activity in human small cell lung cancer (SCLC). The anti‐neoplastic effect of capsaicin is dependent on it attaining a suitable concentration at the target organ site. Although, the anti‐tumor activity of capsaicin has been demonstrated in multiple mice models, the bioavailability of capsaicin or its concentration in the relevant tissues is yet to be determined in nude mice. Here we show that capsaicin can be readily detected in the liver, lungs, kidney and serum of mice within 15 minutes of oral administration. The concentration capsaicin in these organs was found to be maximal at 60 minutes post‐administration. Most interestingly, the greatest amount of capsaicin was found in the lungs. The rate of degradation of capsaicin in the lungs was slower than the other organs. The administration of capsaicin in AIN76A diet suppressed the growth rate of SCLC tumors xenotransplanted in nude mice. HPLC analysis demonstrated the presence of capsaicin in the SCLC tumors these nude mice. We believe that the high bioavailability of capsaicin in the lungs reinforces its potential as a therapeutic agent for SCLC.Grant Funding Source: Supported by an NIH R15‐Area Grant, and a FAMRI YCSA Grant
Effects of different oil systems on lutein absorption in healthy adults (645.22)
Authors: Williams Jennifer , Choe Yong , DeMichele Stephen , Katz Gary , Vurma Mustafa , Maki Kevin , Marriage Barbara 
Published: June 2021

This study was designed to measure the effect of different oil systems on lutein absorption in healthy adult subjects.Twenty‐four healthy adults, age 19‐45 years and 50% male, were enrolled into this prospective, randomized, dual‐treatment, crossover study. Subjects were to consume a low‐carotenoid diet for 14 days prior to study start and for the duration of the study. Subjects received either 6 mg lutein in high‐oleic safflower oil capsules or 6 mg lutein in mono‐diglyceride oil capsules at study visits. After baseline plasma samples were drawn, posptrandial draws were conducted at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 and 336 hours.The primary variable, adjusted AUC for plasma lutein from 0 to 336 hours, for MDG was significantly greater than SAF (p=0.0002, Median: SAF = 108, MDG =1080, 900% increase from SAF to MDG). For the secondary variable, adjusted peak value, MDG was significantly greater than SAF (p=0.0024, Median: SAF = 3.08, MDG = 5.52, 79% increase from SAF to MDG).The technology demonstrated by the MDG + lutein capsules used in the current study is novel, showing increases in both the absorption and retention of this carotenoid in the body. This technology may also make the lutein more bioavailable when consumed as a supplement.Grant Funding Source: Abbott Nutrition
Tomato carotenoids protect against UV‐induced cutaneous damage and tumor development in Skh‐1 hairless mice (645.7)
Authors: Cooperstone Jessica , Tober Kathleen , Riedl Ken , Riggenbach Judith , Francis David , Schwartz Steven , Oberyszyn Tatiana 
Published: June 2021

Sun exposure is a major risk factor in skin cancer development. Previous work suggests tomato consumption for >10 weeks can mitigate ultraviolet (UV) light induced sunburn. Dietary carotenoids (CAR) distributed to the skin may act as photoprotectants, free radical quenchers and antioxidants to protect skin against UV‐induced damage. In addition to lycopene, tomatoes have higher levels of UV‐absorbing CAR (phytoene/phytofluene) compared to other fruits and vegetables. We hypothesize that by decreasing the UV‐induced skin inflammatory response tomato consumption would ultimately protect against skin cancer. Male and female Skh‐1 hairless and immunocompetent mice (n=180) were fed AIN‐93G or AIN‐93G + 10% tangerine or red tomato powder for 35 weeks. From weeks 11‐20, mice (n=120) were exposed to 2240 J/m2 UVB light, 3x/week and resulting tumors were tracked weekly. Control mice were fed the diets but not exposed to UV. Mice consuming tomato diets developed significantly fewer tumors compared to mice on control diets (P<0.001). The effects of tomato supplementation and UV exposure on: carotenoids in plasma/skin, measures of chronic inflammatory markers, alteration in UV mediated DNA damage and tumor statistics/grade were determined. These findings provide impetus for continued investigation of tomato CAR on human skin outcomes.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NCI R21CA158625
Beta‐cryptoxanthin biofortified maize enhances beta‐cryptoxanthin concentrations in chicken eggs while maintaining deep yellow color (646.2)
Authors: Heying Emily , Tanumihardjo Jacob , Vasic Vedran , Grahn Michael , Palacios‐Rojas Natalia , Tanumihardjo Sherry 
Published: June 2021

Vitamin A deficiency is a health problem in many countries and is traditionally treated with doses of preformed vitamin A. Recent studies have determined the efficacy of biofortified staple crops to improve vitamin A status. Chickens possess the unique ability to deposit substantial amounts of xanthophyll carotenoids, but not carotenes, into their eggs. A prior study demonstrated that beta‐cryptoxanthin is more easily deposited into eggs from biofortified maize than beta‐carotene. In this study, chickens (n = 8/group) were fed biofortified high beta‐cryptoxanthin maize, white maize with tangerine powder, yellow maize with lutein fortificant, or white maize only. The high beta‐cryptoxanthin maize and white maize with tangerine powder diets were equalized for beta‐cryptoxanthin concentration. Chickens were fed 10 d on white maize, followed by 40 d on their respective diets. Eggs were collected from chickens every other day and colorimetry was performed on yolks using the L*, a*, b* scale. Biofortified and yellow‐fortified maize groups had similar color properties. Chickens were killed on d 50. Blood, liver, gizzard, and skin were collected. Eggs were analyzed for carotenoids and vitamin A using UPLC methods. Beta‐cryptoxanthin concentration (10.4 + 0.6 nmol/g yolk) peaked in the biofortified maize group at 22 d and was significantly higher than all other treatments. Biofortified maize could replace lutein‐fortified maize in chicken feed because deep yellow color was maintained while significantly increasing beta‐cryptoxanthin concentrations.Grant Funding Source: Supported by USDA Hatch WIS01528, Modernizacion Sustentable de la Agricultura‐Mexico, and CIMMYT
Evaluation of pranthocyanidin enriched cranberry extract for carbohydrate hydrolysis enzyme inhibition (647.38)
Authors: Singh Kirtan , Kang Bouhee , Tanzer Elyse , Racicot Kenneth , Kwon Young‐In , Apostolidis Emmanouil 
Published: June 2021

Proanthocyanidins (PACs), found in cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon), are hypothesized to be natural, oral hypoglycemic agents. This study investigates the inhibition potential of cranberry powder in carbohydrate hydrolysis enzymes. The whole extract (WE) was achieved by dissolving one gram of cranberry powder in 100 mL acetone solution (acetone: water: hydrochloric acid, 70:29.9:0.01) at room temperature. The sample was differentiated into two fractions: low molecular weight phenolic enriched fraction (LMWF) and PAC enriched fraction (PACF) using LH‐20. PAC contents were evaluated by 4‐Dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC)assay and yielded 1.35, 0.03 and 0.59 mg/mL for WE, LMWF and PACF respectively. The total phenolic contents of were determined to be 4.68, 0.60, and 2.51 mg/mL for WE, LMWF and PACF respectively. Rat α glucosidase assays showed PACF has 3 times lower inhibitory activity and LMWF has almost 2 times higher inhibitory activity, compared to WE. Sucrase inhibition assays showed PACF has lower inhibitory activity and that LMWF has almost 2 times higher inhibitory activity, compared to WE. Lastly, maltase inhibition assays showed both PACF and LMWF have lower inhibitory activity compared to WE. The results suggest cranberry has an inhibitory effect against the action of alpha‐glucosidases, which is mainly due to sucrase inhibition, and is low molecular weight phenolic dependent.Grant Funding Source: This research was supported by US Army Natick Soldier Research Engineering Center