bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partitioning Inorganic Carbon Fluxes from Paired O2 - CO2 Gas Measurements in a Neotropical Headwater Stream, Costa Rica
Authors: Marzolf Nicholas S. , Small Gaston E. , Oviedo-Vargas Diana , Ganong Carissa N. , Duff John H. , Ramírez Alonso , Pringle Catherine M. , Genereux David P. , Ardón Marcelo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The role of rivers and streams in the global carbon (C) cycle remains unconstrained, especially in headwater streams where CO2 evasion (FCO2) to the atmosphere is high. Stream C cycling is understudied in the tropics compared to temperate streams, and tropical streams may have among the highest FCO2 due to higher temperatures, continuous organic matter inputs, and high respiration rates both in-stream and in surrounding soils. In this paper, we present paired in-stream O2 and CO2 sensor data from a headwater stream in a lowland rainforest in Costa Rica to explore temporal variability in ecosystem processes. Further, we estimate groundwater CO2 inputs (GWCO2) from riparian well CO2 measurements and assess all fluxes to examine the relative contributions of sinks and sources of dissolved inorganic C (DIC) to a headwater stream. Paired O2 - CO2 data reveal stream CO2 supersaturation driven by groundwater CO2 inputs and large in-stream production of CO2. Areal fluxes in our study reach show FCO2 is supported by both GWCO2 inputs and in-stream metabolism and the seasonality in GWCO2 reflects the hydrology of the site. Using a mass balance approach, we show FCO2 is the dominant loss of DIC from the stream, greater than dissolved exports, and is sustained by both internal production of DIC and terrestrial inputs of DIC. Our results underscore the importance of tropical headwater streams as large contributors of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere among inland waters and show of this C derives from both in-stream and terrestrial sources.
Inline Index Helped in Cleaning up Data Contamination Generated During Library Preparation and the Subsequent Steps
Authors: Wang Ying , Yuan Hao , Huang Junman , Li Chenhong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
High-throughput sequencing involves library preparation and amplification steps, which may induce contamination across samples or between samples and the environment. We tested the effect of applying an inline-index strategy, in which DNA indices of 6 bp were added to both ends of the inserts at the ligation step of library prep for resolving the data contamination problem. Our results showed that the contamination ranged from 0.29–1.25% in one experiment and from 0.83–27.01% in the other. We also found that contamination could be environmental or from reagents besides cross-contamination between samples. Inline-index method is a useful experimental design to clean up the data and address the contamination problem which has been plaguing high-throughput sequencing data in many applications.
Intravenous Cyclophosphamide Induces Remission in Children with Difficult to Treat Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome from Minimal Change Disease
Authors: Haddad Maha , Kale Arun , Butani Lavjay 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), while uncommon in children, is associated with significant morbidity. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) remain the first line recommended therapy for children with non-genetic forms of SRNS, but some children fail to respond to them. Intravenous (IV) cyclophosphamide (CTX) has been shown to be effective in Asian-Indian children with difficult to treat SRNS (SRNS-DTT). Our study evaluated the outcome of IV CTX treatment in North American children with SRNS-DTT.Methods: Retrospective review of the medical records of children with SRNS-DTT treated with IV CTX from January 2000 to July 2019 at our center. Data abstracted included demographics, histopathology on renal biopsy, prior and concomitant use of other immunosuppressive agents and serial clinical/laboratory data. Primary outcome measure was attainment of complete remission (CR). Results: Eight children with SRNS-DTT received monthly doses (median 6; range 4-6) of IV CTX. Four (50%) went into CR, 1 achieved partial remission and 3 did not respond. Three of the 4 responders had minimal change disease (MCD). Excluding the 1 child who responded after the 4th infusion, the median time to CR was 6.5 (range 0.5-8) months after completion of IV CTX infusions. Three remain in CR at a median of 8.5 years (range: 3.7-10.5 years) after completion of CTX; one child relapsed and became steroid-dependent. No infections or life-threatening complications related to IV CTX were observed.Conclusions: IV CXT can induce long term remission in North-American children with MCD who have SRNS-DTT.
Infection prevalence, intensity, and tissue damage caused by the parasitic flatworm, Bdelloura candida, in the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus)
Authors: Brianik Christopher J , Bopp Justin , Piechocki Camilla , Liang Nancy , O’Reilly Sabrina , Cerrato Robert M. , Allam Bassem 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Parasite infection dynamics can have profound implications on a host’s fitness; yet, there is a dearth of information on parasites in the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) (Linnaeus 1758), a species that has experienced population declines in recent decades. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the prevalence, intensity, and gill surface area coverage of the ectoparasitic flatworm (cocoon and adult stages), Bdelloura candida in adult (n = 29), sub-adult (n = 7) and juvenile (n = 32) horseshoe crabs collected from Moriches Bay, NY (40.7810° N, 72.7171° W) in 2019 and 2020. Subsamples of horseshoe crab gill tissue (10%) were collected from live specimen, then B. candida cocoons were enumerated across the gill subsamples using microscopy while the extent of tissue damage was quantified with histology. B. candida was present in all adult and sub-adult crabs (100%), whereas juveniles exhibited 6.2% prevalence. Cocoon intensities per sample ranged from 28 to 805 cocoons, with 4.0–94.0% of gill lamellae harboring cocoons. In infected individuals, the total cocoon surface area coverage on gill tissues ranged from 0.06–14.51%, with higher cocoon intensities observed in the ventral-most gill quartiles relative to the dorsal-most gill regions. Sex was strongly supported as a primary driver behind B. candida infection intensities with adult females harboring higher intensities. Among infected gill lamellae, cocoon intensity was lower in mitochondrial-rich regions relative to mitochondrial-poor regions. These results provide novel insight into B. candida infection dynamics across horseshoe crab demographics, but further research is necessary to quantify the physiological impacts of the infection on L. polyphemus.
Oxidized ATM Protein Kinase Promotes the Proliferation of Breast CAF Through Upregulating the SCD1 Gene Expression by Activating Core Proliferation-Related Pathways
Authors: Xing Li , Ren Mingjun , Bi Wanying , Wu Wanjun , Jiang Gui , Li Limin , Lu Yu , Yu Hongli , Liu Manran , Tu Xin , Tang Shifu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
PurposeStearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is a key rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids, which mediates lipid metabolism and participates in the proliferation of cancer cells. As a redox sensor, ATM protein kinase is also involved in DNA repair and cell proliferation regulation. Previous studies have shown that oxidized ATM protein kinase can facilitates the proliferation of breast CAF via by regulating the cell glucose and protein metabolism. However, lipid metabolism is essential for cell proliferation. Whether the oxidized ATM protein kinase can regulate the expression of the SCD gene to promote the lipid metabolism is unknown.MethodsWe use immunohistochemical techniques to observe the level of SCD1 and oxidized ATM protein kinase, MTT Assay and flow cytometric analysis observes the proliferation of breast CAFs, and Western Blot techniques analyze the expression of SCD gene expression.ResultsThe expression levels of SCD1 protein expression in breast cancer were closely related to oxidized ATM expression (P < 0.05). And SCD promotes the proliferation of breast CAF cells. The oxidized ATM protein kinase can promote the proliferation of breast CAFs by upregulation of SCD protein expression levels.ConclusionOur results indicate that oxidized ATM protein kinase may play a central role in promoting the proliferation of breast CAF by coordinating glucose, protein and lipid metabolism. oxidized ATM can facilitate the breast CAFs Lipid metabolism by upregulating the SCD1 gene expression.
O-GlcNAc Regulated Proliferation and Deterioration of the Nasal Inverted Papilloma
Authors: Dong Ming , Zhang Na , Yu Xinxin , Guo Juan , Han Xiao , Xu Yuefei , Kong Ying , Kong Hui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The nasal inverted papilloma occurs mostly in the epithelium of the nasal mucosa. Histopathological manifestations of the nasal inverted papilloma are benign but it has the characteristics of aggressive growth, strong local destruction, frequent recurrence, and malignant change. Nasal inverted papilloma is a tumor with malignant biological behavior. O-GLcNAc is a posttranslational modification that is ubiquitous in cells. This seemingly simple carbohydrate modification played a key role in cell physiology and disease progression. Methods: In this study, immunohistochemical staining and western blot were used to determine the expression of O-GlcNAc in the nasal inverted papilloma; RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of ogt. The expression levels of ogt and oga genes were detected by RT-qPCR in the SCC6 and CNE-E1 cells. An ogt and oga small-interference RNA fragment was transfected into cells to both reduce and increase the O-GlcNAc. The effect of O-GlcNAc on the proliferative ability of cells was detected by CCK8. The migration and invasion of cells was detected by wound healing assay and transwell invasion assay. Results: The expression of O-GlcNAc and ogt mRNA levels in nasal inverted papilloma were higher than that in the control group. O-GlcNAc enhanced SCC6- and CNE-E1- cell proliferative, migratory, and invasive ability. This study found that changes in the glycosylation level of O-GLcNAc affected the proliferation, invasion, and migration of the NIP.
Intra- and Extra- Pelvic Multidisciplinary Surgical Approach of Retroperitoneal Sarcoma: Case Series Report
Authors: Song Heekyoung , Ahn Jung Hwan , Jung Yuyeon , Woo Jae Yeon , Chung Yang-Guk , Lee Keun Ho 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: We aim to describe our experience of multidisciplinary surgical resection of retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS), including intra- and extrapelvic approaches.Method: Multidisciplinary surgery is an anatomical approach combining intra- and extraperitoneal access within the same surgery to achieve complete RPS removal. This retrospective review of the records of patients who underwent multidisciplinary surgery for RPS analyzed surgical and survival outcomes.Result: Eight patients underwent 10 intra- and extrapelvic surgical resection and their median mass size was 12.75 cm (range, 6–45.5 cm). Using an intrapelvic approach, laparoscopy-assisted surgery was performed in 4 cases and laparotomy surgery in 6 cases. Using an extrapelvic approach, ilioinguinal and posterior approaches were used in 4 cases each, prone position and midline skin incision were shared in 1 case. All patients’ RPS masses were removed completely and 4 patients achieved R0 resection through intra- and extrapelvic surgery. Additionally, pelvic lymph node dissections or prophylactic fixation or revision of structures were conducted. The median estimated blood loss was 2000 mL (range, 300–20 000 mL) and the median hospitalization was 12.6 days (range, 9–69 days). Reoperation was needed in 2 patients (one for wound necrosis, the other for bowel perforation and wound necrosis). The median overall survival rate and median progression-free survival were 64.6 months and 13.7 months, respectively.Conclusion: RPS are therapeutically challenging based on their locations and high risk of recurrence. Considering that, intra- and extrapelvic surgical approach could improve the macroscopic security of the surgical margin.
Rare variant analyses across multiethnic cohorts identify novel genes for refractive error
Authors: Musolf Anthony , Haarman Annechien , Luben Robert , Ong Jue-Sheng , Patasova Karina , Trapero Rolando Hernandez , Marsh Joseph , Jain Ishika , Jain Riya , Wang Paul Zhiping , Lewis Deyana , Tedja Milly , Iglesias Adriana , Li Hengtong , Cowan Cameron , Klaver) CREAM Consortium (Representative Caroline , Biino Ginevra , Klein Alison , Duggal Priya , Mackey David , Hayward Caroline , Haller Toomas , Metspalu Andres , Wedenoja Juho , Pärssinen Olavi , Cheng Ching-Yu , Saw Seang Mei , Stambolian Dwight , Hysi Pirro , Khawaja Anthony , Vitart Veronique , Hammond Christopher , Duijn Cornelia van , Verhoeven Virginie , Klaver Caroline , Bailey-Wilson Joan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Refractive error is a complex eye condition caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Common genetic risk factors have been identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), but a great part of the refractive error heritability is still missing. Some of this heritability may be explained by rare variants (minor allele frequency [MAF] ≤ 0.01.). We performed multiple gene-based association tests for rare variants on exome array data from the Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia (CREAM). The dataset consisted of over 27,000 total subjects from five cohorts of Indo-European and East Asian ethnicity. We identified 129 unique genes associated with refractive error, many of which were replicated in multiple cohorts. Our best novel candidates included the retina expressed PDCD6IP, the circadian rhythm gene PER3, and P4HTM, which affects eye morphology. Future work will include functional studies and validation.
Tension Pneumothorax After Emergency Intubation: a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Zhang Zhong-hua , Yu Zhi-yang , Liu Yang , Liu Cong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction:Tension pneumothorax during the emergency airway is a rare but deleterious event, which may cause severe cardiorespiratory collapse, leading to brain damage or even death.Case presentation: A 34-year-old male patient was admitted with sudden chest pain. He was diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction and his chest X‑ray did not show pneumothorax. The patient after intubation presents emergent complications and was gave treatment.Discussion and Conclusions: Tension pneumothorax in tracheal intubation of emergency is a more rare but deleterious event, especially when predisposing factors cannot be known in view of acute profound hypoxemia. We collect several rare cases of tension pneumothorax of different etiology and drawing lessons from the past.
Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Inventory of Statements about Self-injury (ISAS)
Authors: Ebrahimi Ali , Athar Mojtaba Elhami , Jazi Elham Azamian , Karimi Sirwan , Ataie Shima , Taheri Ehsan , Abbassian Mahboubeh , Rezaei Omid , Storch Eric A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a serious public health problem with increasing prevalence among adolescents and young adults. The present study examines the factor structure, internal consistency, and validity of the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury (ISAS), a self-report measure designed to comprehensively assess non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Methods: A total of 655 Iranian school-attending adolescents completed study measures online. A total of 246 (37.70%) (M age = 15.38, SD ± .50; 53% female) respondents reported a history of NSSI at least once during their lifetime. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis supported the proposed two-factor model of ISAS (i.e., Interpersonal and Intrapersonal dimensions). ISAS dimensions had good internal consistency and yielded direct associations with converging correlates (e.g., depression, anxiety, irritability, and anger). Conclusions: Findings indicated that the Persian version of the ISAS has sound psychometric properties and is a valid and reliable self-report measure of NSSI.
Unloading Behavior of Elastic-power-law Strain Hardening Materials Indented by Elastic Indenter
Authors: Chen Chuanqing , Wang Qiao , Wang Hui , Ding Huaiping , Hu Wei , Xie Wenhao , Weng Panpan , Jiang Liang , Yin Xiaochun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Both strain hardening and indenter elastic deformation usually cannot be neglected in engineering contacts. By the finite element (FE) method, this paper investigates the unloading behavior of elastic-power-law strain-hardening half-space frictionlessly indented by elastic sphere for systematic materials. The effects of strain hardening and indenter elasticity on the unloading curve, cavity profile during unloading and residual indentation are analyzed. The unloading curve is observed to follow a power-law relationship, whose exponent is sensitive to strain hardening but independent upon indenter elastic deformation. Based on the power-law relationship of the unloading curve and the expression of the residual indentation fitted from the FE data, an explicit theoretical unloading law is developed. Its suitability is validated numerically and experimentally by strain hardening materials contacted by elastic indenter or rigid flat.
Adaptive output feedback controller design for high-order stochastic nonlinear systems with uncertain output function and unknown growth rates
Authors: Liu Ce , Zhai Junyong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper concentrates on the adaptive output feedback controller design for a class of high-order stochastic nonlinear systems(SNSs) with uncertain output function. Firstly, a homogeneous output feedback controller for the nominal system is designed through the technique of adding a power integrator. Secondly, a well-designed dynamic gain is introduced into the controller to ensure the original SNSs globally asymptotically stable(GAS) in probability. Besides, the proposed control strategy can be also extended to upper-triangular SNSs. Finally, two numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Early aggressive nutrition at 22–23 weeks gestational age improves weight gain and does not worsen neurological prognosis
Authors: Tsukayama Mayumi , Yoshida Tomohide , Goya Hideki , Nakanishi kouichi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The effect of early aggressive nutrition (EAN) on extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of EAN on ELBW infants, especially premature neonates of 22–23 weeks gestational age (GA22–23-week). Twenty-eight preterm infants of less than 26 weeks were divided into two groups (GA22–23-week group, 10 infants; GA24–25-week group, 18 infants) and compared. Each preterm infant received more than 3.0 g/kg/day of amino acids in the first day after birth and 1.0 g/kg/day of lipid emulsion from the next day. The GA22–23-week group had significantly smaller head circumference (20.4 ± 1.0 cm vs. 22.2 ± 1.4 cm, P = 0.002) and body weight at birth (539 ± 68 g vs. 697 ± 155 g, P = 0.003), but there were no differences in early postnatal weight loss (10.4% ± 6.3% vs. 8.1% ± 6.3%, P = 0.37), and body weight at 37 weeks postmenstrual age (1906 ± 321 g vs. 2081 ± 379 g, P = 0.17). Blood urea nitrogen levels were higher in the GA22–23-week group (59.7 ± 16.6 mg/dl vs. 45.0 ± 10.8 mg/dl, P = 0.004), but there were no differences in direct-bilirubin, bile acids, and ammonia levels. After discharge, there was no significant difference in developmental quotient at 2 years of age (71.3 ± 15.1 vs. 78.1 ± 22.6, P = 0.20) between the two groups. Conclusion: We suggest that EAN reduces the rate of early postnatal weight loss in ELBW infants and contributes to weight gain until full term age.
Grazing intensity rather than host plant’s palatability shape the community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a steppe grassland
Authors: Faghihinia Maede , Zou Yi , Bai Yongfei , Dudáš Martin , Marrs Rob , Staddon Philip L 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are the predominant type of mycorrhizal fungi in roots and rhizosphere soil of grass species worldwide. Grasslands are currently experiencing increasing grazing pressure, but it is not yet clear how grazing intensity and host plant grazing preference by large herbivores interact with soil- and root-associated AMF communities. Here, we tested whether the diversity and community composition of AMF in the roots and rhizosphere soil of two dominant perennial grasses grazed differently by livestock change in response to grazing intensity. We conducted a study in a long-term field experiment in which seven levels of field-manipulated grazing intensities were maintained for 13 years in a typical steppe grassland in northern China. We extracted DNA from the roots and rhizosphere soil of two dominant grasses, Leymus chinense (Trin.) Tzvel. and Stipa grandis P. Smirn, with contrasting grazing preference by sheep. AMF DNA from root and soil samples were then subjected to molecular analysis. Our results showed that AMF α-diversity (richness) at the virtual taxa (VT) level varied as a function of grazing intensity. Different VTs showed completely different responses along the gradient, one increasing, one decreasing and others showing no response. Glomeraceae was the most abundant AMF family along the grazing gradient, which fits well with the theory of disturbance tolerance of this group. In addition, sheep grazing preference for host plants did not explain a considerable variation in AMF α-diversity. However, the two grass species exhibited different community composition in their roots and rhizosphere soils. Roots exhibited a lower α-diversity and higher β-diversity within the AMF community than soils. Overall, our results suggest that long-term grazing intensity might have changed the abundance of functionally-diverse AMF taxa in favor of those with disturbance-tolerant traits. We suggest our results would be useful in informing the choice of mycorrhizal fungi indicator variables when assessing the impacts of grassland management choices on grassland ecosystem functioning.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of 2A16 Aluminum and Pure Copper Magnetic Assisted Dissimilar Laser Wire Feed Welding Brazing
Authors: Wang Zhengtian , Jiang Shuyuan , Chen Yiping , Xiong Zhenyu , Hu Dean , Cheng Donghai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Magnetic field assisted welding could suppress defects and improve weld bead properties obviously. In this paper, a full factorial experiment with coaxial magnetic field assisted welding was conducted to study the mechanism of the magnetic field on the dissimilar laser wire feed welding brazing profile of aluminum and copper. Furthermore, a three dimensional numerical simulation model was developed to reveal the influence of the magnetic field on the weld bead. It was found that with the magnetic flux density increase from 10 mT to 50 mT, the properties of the weld bead were improved significantly, and the wetting angle decreased from 53°to 26°, the main fluid flow direction of the weld bead changed in to horizontal direction. Meanwhile, EDS and XRD results showed that the main intermetallic compounds (IMC) of Al2Cu and CuZn composition changed to Al4.2Cu3.2Zn0.7 in welding beads. Computed and measured distortions illustrated good agreement in the fusion zone.