bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 and palliative medicine: faith-based hospitals in India
Authors: Sundararaj Jenifer Jeba , Munday Daniel , Duomai Savita , John Priya , Priscilla S Ruby Angeline , Powys Ruth , Singh Ashita , Boyd Kirsty J , Grant Liz , Murray Scott A 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivesFaith-based organisations (FBOs) in India provide health services particularly to marginalised communities. We studied their preparedness and delivery of palliative care during COVID-19 as part of a mixed-method study. We present the results of an online questionnaire.MethodsAll FBOs providing palliative care in India were invited to complete an online questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was undertaken.ResultsResponse rate was 46/64 (72%); 44 provided palliative care; 30/44 (68%) were in rural or semiurban areas with 10–2700 beds. Fifty-two per cent (23/44) had dedicated palliative care teams and 30/44 (68%) provided it as part of general services; 17/44 (39%) provided both. 29/44 (66%) provided palliative care for cancer patients; 17/44 (34%) reported that this was more than half their workload.The pandemic led to reduced clinical work: hospital 36/44 (82%) and community 40/44 (91%); with reduction in hospital income for 41/44 (93%). 18/44 (44%) were designated government COVID-19 centres; 11/40 (32%) had admitted between 1 and 2230 COVID-19 patients.COVID-19 brought challenges: 14/44 (32%) lacked personal protective equipment; 21/44 (48%) had reduced hospital supplies and 19/44 (43%) lacked key medications including morphine. 29/44 (66%) reported reduction in palliative care work; 7/44 (16%) had stopped altogether. Twenty-three per cent (10/44) reported redeployment of palliative care teams to other work. For those providing, palliative care 32/37 (86%) was principally for non-COVID patients; 13/37 (35%) cared for COVID-19 patients. Service adaptations included: teleconsultation, triaged home visits, medication delivery at home and food supply.ConclusionsFBOs in India providing palliative care had continued to do so despite multiple challenges. Services were adapted to enable ongoing patient care. Further research is exploring the effects of COVID-19 in greater depth.
Specific imaging features of intestinal perforation on supine abdominal X-ray evaluation in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Zhang Han , Guo Lu , Ling Keran , Hu Xiaoyu , Li Wei , Li Luquan 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundNecrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is associated with high mortality and morbidity in neonates. For infants with NEC, intestinal perforation is the most serious complication, and confirming perforation and performing radical surgical treatment as early as possible may reduce mortality and sequelae. The aim of this study was to identify the specific imaging characteristics of intestinal perforation after NEC on supine abdominal X-ray for the early diagnosis of intestinal perforation.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted at the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Infants admitted to the hospital from 2013 to 2020 with NEC (Bell’s stage ≥Ⅱ) were divided into perforation and non-perforation groups. All infants were examined by abdominal X-ray in the erect and supine positions. The sensitivity and specificity of specific X-ray signs were analyzed.ResultsA total of 598 infants were included, 113 of whom suffered from perforation. On the supine abdominal films, lucency over the liver shadow, the liver falciform ligament sign, the football sign, the Rigler sign, the triangle sign and more than any one of the above signs had sensitivities of 64.60%, 45.13%, 37.17%, 30.97%, 15.93% and 86.73%, respectively. None of these signs were found on erect or supine abdominal films in the non-perforation group. The total of accuracy of prediction was 46.76%, and the specificity of all the signs was 100%.ConclusionSpecific signs on supine abdominal X-ray could be used to confirm perforation in neonates with NEC with 86.73% sensitivity and 100% specificity.
Soil Mehlich-3-extractable elements as affected by the addition of biochars to a clay soil co-amended with or without a compost
Authors: Lévesque Vicky , Gagnon Bernard , Ziadi Noura 
Published: April 2021

Biochar has the potential to sequester carbon and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, and it may also contribute nutrients for plant growth in temperate climates. Nutrient availability in biochar-amended soil was assessed in a 338 d incubation study. The clay soil prepared with 4% w/w (dry basis) compost or without compost, then amended with wood-based biochar made at different pyrolysis temperatures [maple bark (Acer saccharum) at 400 (M400), 550 (M550), and 700 °C (M700)] on a dry-rate basis of 5% (w/w). After moistening the soil mixture to 44% volumetric soil water content (equivalent to 70% water-filled pore space), soil mixtures were incubated in the dark at 22 °C. Soil was sampled at days 9, 16, 23, 44, 86, 23 170, and 338 of the incubation. Biochar amendment increased the Mehlich-3 phosphorus, potassium (K), magnesium, and copper concentrations, and reduced the Mehlich-3 aluminum and iron concentrations at each sampling date, and M400 had the most significant effect on Mehlich-3-extractable nutrient concentrations. Compost addition also increased the amounts of extractable nutrients. These results suggested that M400 and carbon-rich compost promoted microbial growth and mineralization in amended soil. In addition, soil mixed with compost and amended with biochar had more Mehlich-3-extractable K than when compost or biochar was applied alone, probably due to greater growth and activity of soil K-solubilizing microorganisms. Overall, our study indicated that co-application of wood-based biochar and compost could improve soil fertility in temperate regions by increasing the availability of most plant macronutrients and micronutrients.
Critical behavior in active lattice models of motility-induced phase separation
Authors: Dittrich Florian , Speck Thomas , Virnau Peter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Lattice models allow for a computationally efficient investigation of motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) compared to off-lattice systems. Simulations are less demanding, and thus, bigger systems can be accessed with higher accuracy and better statistics. In equilibrium, lattice and off-lattice models with comparable interactions belong to the same universality class. Whether concepts of universality also hold for active particles is still a controversial and open question. Here, we examine two recently proposed active lattice systems that undergo MIPS and investigate numerically their critical behavior. In particular, we examine the claim that these systems and MIPS in general belong to the Ising universality class. We also take a more detailed look on the influence and role of rotational diffusion and active velocity in these systems.

Graphic Abstract
Robust Secret Image Sharing Resistant to Noise in Shares
Authors: Yan Xuehu , Liu Lintao , Li Longlong , Lu Yuliang 
Published: April 2021

A secret image is split into

shares in the generation phase of secret image sharing (SIS) for a

threshold. In the recovery phase, the secret image is recovered when any

or more shares are collected, and each collected share is generally assumed to be lossless in conventional SIS during storage and transmission. However, noise will arise during real-world storage and transmission; thus, shares will experience data loss, which will also lead to data loss in the secret image being recovered. Secret image recovery in the case of lossy shares is an important issue that must be addressed in practice, which is the overall subject of this article. An SIS scheme that can recover the secret image from lossy shares is proposed in this article. First, robust SIS and its definition are introduced. Next, a robust SIS scheme for a

threshold without pixel expansion is proposed based on the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) and error-correcting codes (ECC). By screening the random numbers, the share generation phase of the proposed robust SIS is designed to implement the error correction capability without increasing the share size. Particularly in the case of collecting noisy shares, our recovery method is to some degree robust to some noise types, such as least significant bit (LSB) noise, JPEG compression, and salt-and-pepper noise. A theoretical proof is presented, and experimental results are examined to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Microshear Bond Strength of Nanoparticle-Incorporated Conventional and Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer to Caries-Affected Dentin
Authors: Fattah Zahra , Jowkar Zahra , Rezaeian Safoora 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of three different types of nanoparticles (silver (SNPs), titanium dioxide (TNPs), and zinc oxide (ZNPs)) on the microshear bond strength of conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement based on whether CGIC or RMGIC is used with four subgroups (based on the incorporation of SNPs, ZNPs, and TNPs in addition to a control subgroup) (n = 12) as follows: CGIC, CGIC + TNP, CGIC + ZNP, CGIC + SNP, RMGIC, RMGIC + TNP, RMGIC + ZNP, and RMGIC + SNP. After 24 hours, the μSBS of specimens was tested and the obtained data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test. The obtained results showed that the incorporation of TNPs in two glass ionomers was not statistically significant compared with the control subgroups (

p

> 0.05). In the first group, the highest and lowest mean μSBS were, respectively, observed in the CGIC + SNP subgroup and CGIC + ZNP subgroup. In the second group, RMGIC + ZNP and RMGIC + SNP, respectively, showed the highest and lowest mean μSBS compared to the other subgroups. According to the results, it can be concluded that TNPs can be incorporated into both CGIC and RMGIC without compromising the bond strength of glass ionomers. SNPs and ZNPs can be, respectively, added to CGICs and RMGICs to improve the bond strength of the restoration.
Characteristics of Stable Isotopes in Precipitation and Their Moisture Sources in the Guanling Region, Guizhou Province
Authors: Wang Jialu , Li Weijie , Wang Yong , Zhang Jiaojiao , Xiao Shizhen 
Published: April 2021

Environmental prediction is one of the crucial means for social sustainable development. Based on the continuous sampling of atmospheric precipitation in Guanling County, Guizhou Province, China, from March 2016 to February 2017, and combining the reanalyzed data of the National Centre for Environmental Prediction/National Centre for Atmospheric Research with the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model, this paper analyzed the variations of δ2H and δ18O in precipitation at the synoptic scale in the Guanling region. The results showed that the variations of δ2H, δ18O, and d-excess values in precipitation exhibited remarkable seasonal variability. The stable isotopic values in precipitation in the winter half-year were higher than those in the summer half-year. The meteoric water line of the winter half-year was close to the annual meteoric water line. The results showed that there was more than one fundamental source of moisture. It was affected by the winter monsoon period, which is longer than the summer monsoon period, so the local evaporation of water vapor participating in the water circulation had a greater impact. With the increase of precipitation, the intercept and slope of the meteoric water line gradually decreased, which indicated that the secondary evaporation was weak under the effect of stable isotope subcloud cluster. The correlations of precipitation δ18O with temperature T and precipitation P vary with time scales. As the time scale decreased, the correlation between δ18O and the temperature and precipitation improved. When

P

≤ 5 mm and 10°C < T ≤ 30°C, the most sensitive changes in stable isotopes were observed. In the study area, the backward trajectory model showed that the moisture in the winter half of the year was mainly from the transportation of the westerlies wind, replenishment, and local reevaporation of near-source ocean water, while the water in the summer half of the year mainly came from the transportation of water from the ocean at low latitudes.
Safety, Antitumor Activity, and Biomarker Analysis in a Phase I Trial of the Once-daily Wee1 Inhibitor Adavosertib (AZD1775) in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Takebe Naoko , Naqash Abdul Rafeh , O'Sullivan Coyne Geraldine , Kummar Shivaani , Do Khanh , Bruns Ashley , Juwara Lamin , Zlott Jennifer , Rubinstein Larry , Piekarz Richard , Sharon Elad , Streicher Howard , Mittra Arjun , Miller Sarah B. , Ji Jiuping , Wilsker Deborah , Kinders Robert J. , Parchment Ralph E. , Chen Li , Chang Ting-Chia , Das Biswajit , Mugundu Ganesh , Doroshow James H. , Chen Alice P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
The Wee1 kinase inhibitor adavosertib abrogates cell-cycle arrest, leading to cell death. Prior testing of twice-daily adavosertib in patients with advanced solid tumors determined the recommended phase II dose (RPh2D). Here, we report results for once-daily adavosertib.

Patients and Methods:
A 3 + 3 dose-escalation design was used, with adavosertib given once daily on days 1 to 5 and 8 to 12 in 21-day cycles. Molecular biomarkers of Wee1 activity, including tyrosine 15–phosphorylated Cdk1/2 (pY15-Cdk), were assessed in paired tumor biopsies. Whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing of remaining tumor tissue identified potential predictive biomarkers.

Results:
Among the 42 patients enrolled, the most common toxicities were gastrointestinal and hematologic; dose-limiting toxicities were grade 4 hematologic toxicity and grade 3 fatigue. The once-daily RPh2D was 300 mg. Six patients (14%) had confirmed partial responses: four ovarian, two endometrial. Adavosertib plasma exposures were similar to those from twice-daily dosing. On cycle 1 day 8 (pre-dose), tumor pY15-Cdk levels were higher than baseline in four of eight patients, suggesting target rebound during the day 5 to 8 dosing break. One patient who progressed rapidly had a tumor WEE1 mutation and potentially compensatory PKMYT1 overexpression. Baseline CCNE1 overexpression occurred in both of two responding patients, only one of whom had CCNE1 amplification, and in zero of three nonresponding patients.

Conclusions:
We determined the once-daily adavosertib RPh2D and observed activity in patients with ovarian or endometrial carcinoma, including two with baseline CCNE1 mRNA overexpression. Future studies will determine whether CCNE1 overexpression is a predictive biomarker for adavosertib.
Modified RANO, Immunotherapy RANO, and Standard RANO Response to Convection-Enhanced Delivery of IL4R-Targeted Immunotoxin MDNA55 in Recurrent Glioblastoma
Authors: Ellingson Benjamin M. , Sampson John , Achrol Achal Singh , Aghi Manish K. , Bankiewicz Krystof , Wang Chencai , Bexon Martin , Brem Steven , Brenner Andrew , Chowdhary Sajeel , Floyd John R. , Han Seunggu , Kesari Santosh , Randazzo Dina , Vogelbaum Michael A. , Vrionis Frank , Zabek Miroslaw , Butowski Nicholas , Coello Melissa , Merchant Nina , Merchant Fahar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Purpose:
The current study compared the standard response assessment in neuro-oncology (RANO), immunotherapy RANO (iRANO), and modified RANO (mRANO) criteria as well as quantified the association between progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in an immunotherapy trial in recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM).

Patients and Methods:
A total of 47 patients with rGBM were enrolled in a prospective phase II convection-enhanced delivery of an IL4R-targeted immunotoxin (MDNA55-05, NCT02858895). Bidirectional tumor measurements were created by local sites and centrally by an independent radiologic faculty, then standard RANO, iRANO, and mRANO criteria were applied.

Results:
A total of 41 of 47 patients (mean age 56 ± 11.7) were evaluable for response. PFS was significantly shorter using standard RANO compared with iRANO (log-rank, P &lt; 0.0001; HR = 0.3) and mRANO (P &lt; 0.0001; HR = 0.3). In patients who died and had confirmed progression on standard RANO, no correlation was observed between PFS and OS (local, P = 0.47; central, P = 0.34). Using iRANO, a weak association was observed between confirmed PFS and OS via local site measurements (P = 0.017), but not central measurements (P = 0.18). A total of 24 of 41 patients (59%) were censored using iRANO and because they lacked confirmation of progression 3 months after initial progression. A strong correlation was observed between mRANO PFS and OS for both local (R2 = 0.66, P &lt; 0.0001) and centrally determined reads (R2 = 0.57, P = 0.0007).

Conclusions:
No correlation between radiographic PFS and OS was observed for standard RANO or iRANO, but a correlation was observed between PFS and OS using the mRANO criteria. Also, the iRANO criteria was difficult to implement due to need to confirm progression 3 months after initial progression, censoring more than half the patients.
Assessing Water Balance Closure Using Multiple Data Assimilation and Remote Sensing-Based Datasets for Canada
Authors: Wong Jefferson S. , Zhang Xuebin , Gharari Shervan , Shrestha Rajesh R. , Wheater Howard S. , Famiglietti James S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObtaining reliable water balance estimates remains a major challenge in Canada for large regions with scarce in situ measurements. Various remote sensing products can be used to complement observation-based datasets and provide an estimate of the water balance at river basin or regional scales. This study provides an assessment of the water balance using combinations of various remote sensing and data assimilation-based products and quantifies the non-closure errors for river basins across Canada, ranging from 90,900 to 1,679,100 km2, for the period from 2002 to 2015. A water balance equation combines the following to estimate the monthly water balance closure: multiple sources of data for each water budget component, including two precipitation products - the global product WATCH Forcing Data ERA-Interim (WFDEI), and the Canadian Precipitation Analysis (CaPA); two evapotranspiration products - MODIS, and Global Land-surface Evaporation: the Amsterdam Methodology (GLEAM); one source of water storage data - GRACE from three different centers; and observed discharge data from hydrometric stations (HYDAT). The non-closure error is attributed to the different data products using a constrained Kalman filter. Results show that the combination of CaPA, GLEAM, and the JPL mascon GRACE product tended to outperform other combinations across Canadian river basins. Overall, the error attributions of precipitation, evapotranspiration, water storage change, and runoff were 36.7, 33.2, 17.8, and 12.2 percent, which corresponded to 8.1, 7.9, 4.2, and 1.4 mm month-1, respectively. In particular, non-closure error from precipitation dominated in Western Canada, whereas that from evapotranspiration contributed most in the Mackenzie River basin.
Differentiating Freezing Drizzle and Freezing Rain in HRRR Model Forecasts
Authors: Tessendorf Sarah A. , Rugg Allyson , Korolev Alexei , Heckman Ivan , Weeks Courtney , Thompson Gregory , Jacobson Darcy , Adriaansen Dan , Haggerty Julie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSupercooled large drop (SLD) icing poses a unique hazard for aircraft and has resulted in new regulations regarding aircraft certification to fly in regions of known or forecast SLD icing conditions. The new regulations define two SLD icing categories based upon the maximum supercooled liquid water drop diameter (Dmax): freezing drizzle (100–500 μm) and freezing rain (>500 μm). Recent upgrades to U.S. operational numerical weather prediction models lay a foundation to provide more relevant aircraft icing guidance including the potential to predict explicit drop size. The primary focus of this paper is to evaluate a proposed method for estimating the maximum drop size from model forecast data to differentiate freezing drizzle from freezing rain conditions. Using in situ cloud microphysical measurements collected in icing conditions during two field campaigns between January and March 2017, this study shows that the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh model is capable of distinguishing SLD icing categories of freezing drizzle and freezing rain using a Dmax extracted from the rain category of the microphysics output. It is shown that the extracted Dmax from the model correctly predicted the observed SLD icing category as much as 99% of the time when the HRRR accurately forecast SLD conditions; however, performance varied by the method to define Dmax and by the field campaign dataset used for verification.
A Multicenter, 10-Year Experience With Hepatocellular Adenoma: Risk Factors and Disease Course
Authors: Silva Trevor S. , Sung Michael , Nelson Daniel W. , DiFronzo Andrew L. , O’Connor Victoria V. 
Published: April 2021

Background Management of hepatocellular adenoma (HA) is marked by a paucity of recent studies. Long-term follow-up data from an equal access health care system may facilitate our understanding of the natural disease course of HA and identify modifiable risk factors. Methods A multi-institutional, retrospective review of patients with HA from 2008-2017 was performed. Patient demographics, disease characteristics, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results Of 124 patients identified, 94% were women with a mean age at diagnosis of 39.5 years (range 20-82). Median follow-up was 22.5 months (range 0-114) with thirty-four (27.4%) patients eventually undergoing hepatectomy. Mean BMI of the study population was 30.5 kg/m2 (range 16-72). Stratified by size, average BMI for adenomas ≥5 cm was 34 kg/m2 compared to 28 kg/m2 for those <5 cm ( P < .05). The predominant symptom at presentation was abdominal pain (41.1%), while just 4% presented with acute rupture. Overall incidence of the malignancy was 2.5%. Among all patients, oral contraceptive use was documented in 74 (59.7%) patients, of whom 36 (29.0%) discontinued OC for at least six months. Regression after OC cessation occurred in seven patients (19.4%) while the majority (77.8%) remained stable. Discussion This decade-long review analyzing the impact of modifiable risk factors identifies a direct correlation between BMI and hepatocellular adenoma size. Rupture and malignant transformation are rare entities. Cessation of OC appears to be an effective strategy in the management of hepatic adenoma. Further investigations are warranted to determine if addressing modifiable risk factors such as BMI might induce further HA regression.