bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging a multidisciplinary oversight committee to ensure USP &lt;797&gt; and &lt;800&gt; compliance at a Veterans Affairs health system
Authors: Wrzesniewski Carolyn E , Park Helen K 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Producing compounded sterile preparations (CSP) of the highest quality and ensuring safe hazardous drug handling are well-established priorities for pharmacy departments. Maintaining compliance with United States Pharmacopeia general chapters 797 and 800 (USP &lt;797&gt; and &lt;800&gt;) must also be a priority for health-system leadership. This report describes how a pharmacy-driven multidisciplinary committee was created to provide USP &lt;797&gt; and &lt;800&gt; oversight within a multicampus Veterans Affairs health system and the facility and safety outcomes achieved.

Summary
The Veterans Health Administration required facilities to establish an oversight committee to ensure USP-compliant CSP procedures and the safe handling of hazardous drugs in all aspects of the medication-use process. Spearheaded by the pharmacy department, the VA Palo Alto Health Care System (VAPAHCS) chartered the CSP Advisory Committee to achieve this goal.
The membership was composed of department heads in the areas of pharmacy, nursing, environmental management services, engineering, facility planning, safety, industrial hygiene, employee health, supply chain services, infection control, and quality management and the health system’s director’s office. The medication safety officer served as the executive secretary for the advisory committee and was responsible for agenda development, minutes, and coordinating timely follow-ups on action items; the VAPAHCS deputy director served as chair. Monthly meetings were conducted to receive updates on targeted sterile compounding and hazardous drug handling objectives: environmental controls and monitoring, compliance with regulatory requirements, staff competency, hazardous drug exposure event analyses, and development of well-defined health-system policy to guide practice.

Conclusion
Taking a multidisciplinary approach to USP &lt;797&gt; and &lt;800&gt; compliance facilitated communications, created engagement, and ensured completion of action plans.
Citizen Science in Postsecondary Education: Current Practices and Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Vance-Chalcraft Heather D , Hurlbert Allen H , Styrsky Jennifer Nesbitt , Gates Terry A , Bowser Gillian , Hitchcock Colleen B , Reyes Michelle Anne , Cooper Caren B 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Citizen science involves the public in science to investigate research questions. Although citizen science facilitates learning in informal educational settings, little is known about its use or effects in postsecondary (college or university) settings. Using a literature review and a survey, we describe how and why citizen science is being used in postsecondary courses, as well as the impacts on student learning. We found that citizen science is used predominantly in biologically related fields, at diverse types of institutions, to improve student engagement and expose students to authentic research. Considerable anecdotal evidence supporting improved student learning from these experiences exists, but little empirical evidence exists to warrant any conclusion. Therefore, there is a need to rigorously assess the relationship between citizen science participation and postsecondary student learning. We highlight considerations for instructors planning to incorporate citizen science and for citizen science projects wanting to facilitate postsecondary use.
Imaging for thinned perforator flap harvest: current status and future perspectives
Authors: Khoong Yi Min , Huang Xin , Gu Shuchen , Zan Tao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With advances in anatomical knowledge and technology, increased interest has been directed towards reconstruction with enhanced aesthetic and functional outcomes. A myriad of thinned perforator flap harvest approaches have been developed for this purpose; however, concerns about jeopardizing their vascularity remain. To ensure optimum reconstructive outcome without hampering the flap’s microcirculation, it is important to make good use of the existing advanced imaging modalities that can provide clear visualization of perforator branches, particularly in the adipose layer, and an accurate assessment of flap perfusion. Therefore, this review will highlight the imaging modalities that have been utilized for harvesting a thinned perforator flap from these two perspectives, along with future insights into creating both functionally and aesthetically satisfying, yet simultaneously safe, thinned perforator flaps for the best reconstructive outcomes for patients.
Magnetoencephalographic correlates of mood and reward dynamics in human adolescents
Authors: Liuzzi Lucrezia , Chang Katharine K , Zheng Charles , Keren Hanna , Saha Dipta , Nielson Dylan M , Stringaris Argyris 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Despite its omnipresence in everyday interactions and its importance for mental health, mood and its neuronal underpinnings are poorly understood. Computational models can help identify parameters affecting self-reported mood during mood induction tasks. Here, we test if computationally modeled dynamics of self-reported mood during monetary gambling can be used to identify trial-by-trial variations in neuronal activity. To this end, we shifted mood in healthy (N = 24) and depressed (N = 30) adolescents by delivering individually tailored reward prediction errors while recording magnetoencephalography (MEG) data. Following a pre-registered analysis, we hypothesize that the expectation component of mood would be predictive of beta-gamma oscillatory power (25–40 Hz). We also hypothesize that trial variations in the source localized responses to reward feedback would be predicted by mood and by its reward prediction error component. Through our multilevel statistical analysis, we found confirmatory evidence that beta-gamma power is positively related to reward expectation during mood shifts, with localized sources in the posterior cingulate cortex. We also confirmed reward prediction error to be predictive of trial-level variations in the response of the paracentral lobule. To our knowledge, this is the first study to harness computational models of mood to relate mood fluctuations to variations in neural oscillations with MEG.
Community socioeconomic deprivation and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk: findings from Portugal
Authors: Magalhães João Paulo M , Ribeiro Ana Isabel , Caetano Constantino P , Sá Machado Rita 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSocioeconomic differences have been observed in the risk of acquiring infectious diseases, but evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2 remains sparse. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association between SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and socioeconomic deprivation, exploring whether this association varied according to different phases of the national pandemic response.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted. Data routinely collected for patients with a laboratorial result recorded in SINAVE®, between 2 March and 14 June 2020, were analysed. Socioeconomic deprivation was assessed using quintiles of the European Deprivation Index (Q1-least deprived to Q5-most deprived). Response phases were defined as before, during and after the national State of Emergency. Associations were estimated using multilevel analyses.ResultsThe study included 223 333 individuals (14.7% were SARS-CoV-2 positive cases). SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence ratio increased with deprivation [PR(Q1)=Ref; PR(Q2)=1.37 (95% CI 1.19–1.58), PR(Q3)=1.48 (95% CI 1.26–1.73), PR(Q4)=1.73 (95% CI 1.47–2.04), PR(Q5)=2.24 (95% CI 1.83–2.75)]. This was observed during the State of Emergency [PR(Q5)=2.09 (95% CI 1.67–2.62)] and more pronounced after the State of Emergency [PR(Q5)= 3.43 (95% CI 2.66–4.44)].ConclusionThe effect of socioeconomic deprivation in the SARS-CoV-2 infection risk emerged after the implementation of the first State of Emergency in Portugal, and became more pronounced as social distancing policies eased. Decision-makers should consider these results when deliberating future mitigation measures.
Age Trajectories of Perceptual Speed and Loneliness: Separating Between-Person and Within-Person Associations
Authors: Drewelies Johanna , Windsor Tim D , Duezel Sandra , Demuth Ilja , Wagner Gert G , Lindenberger Ulman , Gerstorf Denis , Ghisletta Paolo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We aimed at examining between-person and within-person associations across age trajectories of perceptual speed and loneliness in old age.

Method
We applied multilevel models to 4 waves of data collected over 6 years from 1,491 participants of the Berlin Aging Study II (60–88 years at baseline, 50% women) to disentangle between-person and within-person associations across age trajectories of perceptual speed and both emotional and social loneliness. Sex and education were considered as relevant individual characteristics and included as covariates in the model.

Results
Analyses revealed that on average perceptual speed exhibited moderate within-person age-related declines, whereas facets of loneliness were rather stable. Perceptual speed did not predict age trajectories of emotional or social loneliness, at either the between- or within-person level. In contrast, loneliness discriminated individuals at the between-person level, such that those feeling emotionally or socially more lonely showed lower cognitive performance than those feeling emotionally or socially less lonely. Predictive effects of social loneliness were stronger for relatively young people (i.e., in their mid to late 60s) than for relatively older participants (i.e., in their 80s). In addition, predictive effects of social loneliness for perceptual speed at the within-person level were modest and deviated in direction and size from between-person social loneliness effects among those in their mid- to late 60s, whereas they did not among those in their 80s.

Discussion
We conclude that loneliness may serve as a precursor for basic cognitive functioning in old age and suggest routes for further inquiry.
Results of concomitant cryoablation for atrial fibrillation during mitral valve surgery
Authors: Bogachev-Prokophiev Alexander , Sharifulin Ravil , Karadzha Anastasiia , Zheleznev Sergey , Afanasyev Alexander , Ovcharov Mikhail , Pivkin Alexey , Zalesov Anton , Budagaev Sergey , Ivantsov Sergey , Chernyavsky Alexander 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Concomitant atrial fibrillation ablation during mitral valve (MV) surgery using radio frequency energy sources has been reported previously with excellent outcomes. However, data regarding the effectiveness of concomitant cryoablation remain limited. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of concomitant cryoablation in patients scheduled for MV surgery.

METHODS
Between 2012 and 2020, 242 adult patients who underwent MV surgery and concomitant cryoablation were included. Data on rhythm, medication status and clinical events were assessed at 3, 6 and 12 months, then annually thereafter.

RESULTS
Early mortality was 0.4%. The mean follow-up period duration was 43.9 months. The survival rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 97.3%, 94.3% and 87.7%, respectively. The rates of freedom from atrial arrhythmia paroxysms at 1, 3 and 5 years were 79.0%, 64.0% and 60.5%, respectively. Atrial arrhythmia recurrence was associated with isolated left atrial lesion set (P = 0.038), large right atrial size (P = 0.002), lower surgeon experience (P = 0.003) and atrial fibrillation paroxysms in the early postoperative period (P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONS
Concomitant cryoablation during MV surgery is a safe and reproducible technique. The procedure provides acceptable freedom from atrial arrhythmias recurrences during long-term follow-up. The biatrial lesion set has advantages over the left atrium pattern in terms of atrial arrhythmias freedom. Surgeon experience significantly influences atrial fibrillation ablation success. Randomized trials are needed to compare radiofrequency and cryoablation.
Virological outcomes with dolutegravir plus either lamivudine or two NRTIs as switch strategies: a multi-cohort study
Authors: Borghetti A , Alkhatib M , Dusina A , Duca L , Borghi V , Zazzi M , Di Giambenedetto S 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To compare the efficacy of dolutegravir plus lamivudine dual therapy (DT) with that of dolutegravir plus two NRTIs triple therapy (TT) as switch strategies.

Methods
A multicentre cohort of HIV-positive, HBsAg-negative patients with viral suppression (HIV-RNA ≤50 copies/mL) switching to DT or TT was retrospectively selected from the ARCA database. The effect of DT versus TT on virological failure (VF; defined as two consecutive HIV-RNA values &gt;50 copies/mL or one HIV-RNA value ≥200 copies/mL) was evaluated by multivariable Cox regression models, overall and after stratifying for the presence of NRTI resistance-associated mutations (RAMs).

Results
From December 2014 to June 2020, 628 patients were eligible: 118 (18.8%) started tenofovir/emtricitabine/dolutegravir, 306 (48.7%) abacavir/lamivudine/dolutegravir and 204 (32.5%) lamivudine/dolutegravir. The DT group had significantly higher nadir and baseline CD4 counts, a higher duration of viral suppression and a lower prevalence of RAMs at historical genotype. Overall, 41 VF occurred after a median of 1.7 years of follow-up, with a lower, but not statistically significant, rate for DT [versus TT, adjusted HR (aHR) = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.25–1.34]. However, DT was associated with less VF in the absence of RAMs when compared with tenofovir-based TT (aHR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.06–0.67), but not with abacavir-based TT (aHR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.17–1.11). Conversely, in the setting of pre-existing M184V/I, DT showed a trend to increased risk of VF (versus tenofovir-based TT, aHR = 137.50, 95% CI = 4.24–4464.06; versus abacavir-based TT, aHR = 33.88, 95% CI = 1.75–656.47).

Conclusions
Lamivudine/dolutegravir maintenance DT showed similar efficacy to dolutegravir-based TT; however, past M184V/I may favour VF.
Diagnostics for Dermatologic Diseases with Autoantibodies
Authors: Leiferman Kristin M , Snook Jeremy P , Khalighi Mazdak A , Kuechle Melanie K , Zone John J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Dermatologic diseases with autoantibodies were recognized early as autoimmunity became accepted as a pathogenic immunologic concept. Laboratory testing to identify disease-defining autoantibodies and investigate their role in pathophysiology has evolved since.

Content
Blistering dermatologic diseases, profiled by autoantibody production, target epithelial components critical in cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesion, resulting in epithelial separation and other characteristic features of the disorders. This review covers the clinical indications for dermatologic disease-related autoantibody testing, the specifics of procuring specimens to test, the available diagnostic tests, and information provided by the testing. Atypical, uncharacteristic, and less well-known clinical and autoantibody profiles as well as several of the many future prospects for expansion of the testing applications are elaborated on in the online Data Supplement.

Summary
Autoantibody-associated dermatologic diseases are acquired immunologic disorders that have considerable clinical implications affecting essential barrier functions of skin and mucous membranes and causing discomfort, including pain and pruritus. Certain of the diseases can have life-threatening manifestations, and treatments can have significant side-effects. The skin diseases may presage other clinical associations that are important to recognize and treat. Laboratory testing aids in the diagnosis of these diseases through identification of the autoantibodies and is essential for prompt and precise knowledge of the disease type for prognosis, further clinical evaluations, and treatment decisions.
Rights of Persons with Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorders—A Tough Challenge for Psychiatric Medical Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pachnik Cezary , Rotuski Grzegorz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this article the authors discuss the rights of one of the most vulnerable groups during a time of limited access to ordinary healthcare resulting from the COVID pandemic, namely, those with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (PSSDs). In the first part, the authors investigate international human rights law to highlight the most relevant rights and their legal basis. The authors conclude that the most significant are: the right to freedom of discrimination; the right to mental health care; the right to rehabilitation; the right to the least intrusive treatment based on the will of the disabled person; the prohibition of discriminatory denial of healthcare; and the right to be treated like other ill persons. In the second part of the article, the authors review the circumstances resulting from the COVID pandemic and attempt to propose solutions for the conflict between the rights of PSSDs and the obligation of the state. The conclusion of this legal investigation is that because of the ‘state-capability’ model of obligations indicated by CRPD, the most relevant for PSSDs rights is the principle of non-discrimination because of disability. This principle cannot be limited or derogated. On the other hand, this research indicates that the right to autonomous will of the PSSD patient has been the least respected during the current pandemic.
Why News Matters in Refugee Legal Proceedings: A Practitioner’s Perspective
Authors: Hew Jonathan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This article explores the close relationship between news reports and refugee lawyers' decision-making in legal proceedings. It finds that refugee lawyers rely on news reports in at least three ways, namely, as evidence in itself, the basis for other types of evidence, and a basis for their personal worldviews. However, it also finds that their reliance might not always be well placed and that, where it is not, refugee law and human rights consequences can ensue.
Classifying liganded states in heterogeneous single-particle cryo-EM datasets
Authors: Arnold William R , Asarnow Daniel , Cheng Yifan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A powerful aspect of single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy is its ability to determine high-resolution structures from samples containing heterogeneous mixtures of the same macromolecule in different conformational or compositional states. Beyond determining structures at higher resolutions, one outstanding question is if macromolecules with only subtle conformation differences, such as the same protein bound with different ligands in the same binding pocket, can be separated reliably, and if information concerning binding kinetics can be derived from the particle distributions of different conformations obtained in classification. In this study, we address these questions by assessing the classification of synthetic heterogeneous datasets of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 generated by combining different homogeneous experimental datasets. Our results indicate that classification can isolate highly homogeneous subsets of particle for calculating high-resolution structures containing individual ligands, but with limitations.
Observing correlations between dark matter accretion and galaxy growth: II. testing the impact of galaxy mass, star formation indicator, and neighbour colours
Authors: O’Donnell Christine , Behroozi Peter , More Surhud 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
A crucial question in galaxy formation is what role new accretion has in star formation. Theoretical models have predicted a wide range of correlation strengths between halo accretion and galaxy star formation. Previously, we presented a technique to observationally constrain this correlation strength for isolated Milky Way mass galaxies at z ∼ 0.12, based on the correlation between halo accretion and the density profile of neighbouring galaxies. By applying this technique to both observational data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and simulation data from the UniverseMachine, where we can test different correlation strengths, we ruled out positive correlations between dark matter accretion and recent star formation activity. In this work, we expand our analysis by (1) applying our technique separately to red and blue neighbouring galaxies, which trace different infall populations, (2) correlating dark matter accretion rates with Dn 4000 measurements as a longer-term quiescence indicator than instantaneous star-formation rates, and (3) analysing higher-mass isolated central galaxies with 1011.0 &lt; M*/M⊙ &lt; 1011.5 out to z ∼ 0.18. In all cases, our results are consistent with non-positive correlation strengths with ≳ 85 per cent confidence, which is most consistent with models where processes such as gas recycling dominate star formation in massive z = 0 galaxies.
Dynamics of Colombo’s top: tidal dissipation and resonance capture, with applications to oblique super-Earths, ultra-short-period planets and inspiraling hot Jupiters
Authors: Su Yubo , Lai Dong 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a comprehensive theoretical study on the spin evolution of a planet under the combined effects of tidal dissipation and gravitational perturbation from an external companion. Such a ‘spin + companion’ system (called Colombo’s top) appears in many [exo]planetary contexts. The competition between the tidal torque (which drives spin-orbit alignment and synchronization) and the gravitational torque from the companion (which drives orbital precession of the planet) gives rise to two possible spin equilibria (‘tidal Cassini Equilibria’, tCE) that are stable and attracting: the ‘simple’ tCE1, which typically has a low spin obliquity, and the ‘resonant’ tCE2, which can have a significant obliquity. The latter arises from a spin-orbit resonance and can be broken when the tidal alignment torque is stronger than the precessional torque from the companion. We characterize the long-term evolution of the planetary spin (both magnitude and obliquity) for an arbitrary initial spin orientation, and develop a new theoretical method to analytically obtain the probability of resonance capture driven by tidal dissipation. Applying our general theoretical results to exoplanetary systems, we find that a super-Earth (SE) with an exterior companion can have a substantial probability of being trapped in the high-obliquity tCE2, assuming that SEs have a wide range of primordial obliquities. We also evaluate the recently proposed ‘obliquity tide’ scenarios for the formation of ultra-short-period Earth-mass planets and for the orbital decay of hot Jupiter WASP-12b. We find in both cases that the probability of resonant capture into tCE2 is generally low and that such a high-obliquity state can be easily broken by the required orbital decay.
Model-independent redshift estimation of BL Lac objects through very-high-energy observations
Authors: Malik Zahoor , Sahayanathan Sunder , Shah Zahir , Iqbal Naseer , Manzoor Aaqib , Bhatt Nilay 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray spectral indices of blazars show a strong correlation with the source redshift. The absence of any such correlation in low-energy gamma-rays and X-rays indicates the presence of extragalactic background light (EBL)-induced absorption of VHE gamma-rays. By employing a linear regression analysis, this observational feature of blazars is used to constrain the redshifts of BL Lac objects that were unknown/uncertain earlier. In addition, we compare the observed VHE spectral index–redshift correlation with those predicted from commonly adopted EBL models. Our study highlights the deviation of EBL-model-based predictions from observations, especially at high redshifts.