bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved survival in children with HPS: Experience from two high volume liver transplant centers across continents
Authors: Shanmugam Naresh , Hakeem Abdul Rahman , Valamparampil Joseph J. , Aldouri Ahmed , Bansal Mehak , Reddy Mettu Srinivas , Thiruchunapalli Deepashree , Vilca‐Melendez Hector , Baker Alastair , Dhawan Anil , Heaton Nigel , Rela Mohamed , Deep Akash 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere HPS increases morbidity and mortality after LT in children. We reviewed the combined experience of LT for HPS in children from two LT centers in Europe and Asia.MethodsAll children with “proven” HPS as per ERS Task Force criteria (detailed in manuscript) who underwent LT were categorized into M (PaO2 ≥80 mmHg), Mo (PaO2 = 60–79 mmHg), S (50–59 mmHg), and VS (PaO2 <50 mmHg) HPS, based on room air PaO2.ResultsTwenty‐four children with HPS underwent 25 LT (one re‐transplantation) at a median age of 8 years (IQR, 5–12), after a median duration of 8 (4–12) months following HPS diagnosis. Mechanical ventilation was required for a median of 3 (1.5–27) days after LT. Ten children had “S” post‐operative hypoxemia, requiring iNO for a median of 5 (6–27) days. “VS” category patients had significantly prolonged invasive ventilation (median 35 vs. 3 and 1.5 days; p = .008), ICU stay (median 39 vs. 8 and 8 days; p = .007), and hospital stay (64 vs. 26.5 and 23 days; p < .001) when compared to “S” and “M/Mo” groups, respectively. The need for pre‐transplant home oxygen therapy was the only factor predicting need for re‐intubation. Patient and graft survival at 32 (17–98) months were 100% and 95.8%. All children ultimately had complete resolution of HPS.ConclusionsVS HPS is associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation and hospital stay, which emphasizes the need for early LT in these children.
Estimating Mean Lifetime from Partially Observed Events in Nuclear Physics
Authors: Karvanen Juha , Niilo-Rämä Mikko , Sarén Jan , Kärkkäinen Salme 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe mean lifetime is an important characteristic of particles to be identified in nuclear physics. State-of-the-art particle detectors can identify the arrivals of single radioactive nuclei as well as their subsequent radioactive decays (departures). Challenges arise when the arrivals and departures are unmatched and the departures are only partially observed. An inefficient solution is to run experiments where the arrival rate is set very low to allow for the matching of arrivals and departures. We propose an estimation method that works for a wide range of arrival rates. The method combines an initial estimator and a numerical bias correction technique. Simulations and examples based on data on the alpha decays of Lutetium isotope 155 demonstrate that the method produces unbiased estimates regardless of the arrival rate. As a practical benefit, the estimation method enables the use of all data collected in the particle detector, which will lead to more accurate estimates and, in some cases, to shorter experiments.
Long‐term outcome of female dogs treated for intramural ectopic ureters with cystoscopic‐guided laser ablation
Authors: Hoey Christopher S. F. K. , Friend Ed , Meakin Lee B. , Chanoit Guillaume P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo report the complications and long‐term outcome of female dogs with intramural ectopic ureter(s) (iEU) undergoing cystoscopic‐guided laser ablation (CLA) and determine the effect of post‐CLA neutering on urinary continence.Study DesignRetrospective clinical study.Animals or Sample PopulationThirty‐four client‐owned dogs.MethodsMedical records of female dogs that had iEU‐CLA were reviewed. A 10‐point continence score was assigned before, immediately after, and at a minimum of 12 months postprocedure via owner telephone contact. Neutering status prior to and postprocedure was recorded.ResultsContinence scores increased in all dogs after CLA (p < .0001, mean duration of follow‐up: 63.9 ± 5.7 months) with an increase of the median score from 2 (preprocedure) to 10 (postprocedure). A urethral tear occurred in 2/34 dogs immediately after the procedure, successfully managed conservatively. Mild hematuria was present in 2/34, lasting less than 48 h. Postoperative urinary tract infections were documented in 6/34 dogs. Two dogs died of urinary‐related issues at 1 and 5 months after CLA. Complete and near‐complete urinary continence (scores 9 and 10/10) was achieved in 26/32 dogs including 3 dogs requiring medical (2) or surgical interventions (1). Post‐CLA neutering did not affect continence scores (p = .44).ConclusionA large proportion of dogs regained and maintained full continence after CLA alone. Subsequent medical or surgical therapy allowed further improvements when needed. Post‐CLA neutering did not negatively impact urinary continence score.Clinical SignificanceThe beneficial effect of iEU‐CLA in female dogs is long standing and not affected by postprocedural neutering.
Association between prescribed opioid use for acute pain in adolescents and the subsequent development of opioid misuse and substance use disorders: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Rahmandar Maria , Fawcett Andrea , Manworren Renee CB 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This review aims to examine prescribed short-term opioid use in adolescents to treat acute pain. The review will analyze the influence of opioid use on future non-medical opioid use (misuse) or substance use disorders (addiction) in adolescents and young adults.

Introduction:
Prescription opioids are medically indicated for acute pain. Descriptive studies of administrative datasets and surveys implicate adolescent opioid exposure as a risk factor for subsequent opioid misuse and addiction. This review will provide a synthesis of the literature on the association between prescribed opioid exposure to treat acute pain in adolescents and the subsequent development of opioid misuse or substance use disorders in adolescents and young adults.

Inclusion criteria:
This review will consider quantitative studies on opioid misuse or substance use disorders in Canadian and US adolescents and young adults (12 to 25 years of age). Studies must include exposure during adolescence (12 to 17 years of age) to legitimately prescribed short-term opioid use to treat acute pain. Studies on chronic pain or exposure to opioids for longer duration (more than 30 doses or more than 7 days) will be excluded.

Methods:
This review will follow the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of etiology and risk. Published and unpublished studies will be sourced from multiple databases and resources. Two independent reviewers will screen, appraise, and extract data from studies that meet the inclusion criteria. Data synthesis will be conducted and a Summary of Findings will be presented.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42020179635
Fatigue Life Assessment for Variable Strain in a Mixing Tee by Use of Effective Strain Range
Authors: Miyoshi Koji , Kamaya Masayuki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mixing flow causes fluctuations in fluid temperature near a pipe wall and may result in fatigue crack initiation. Movement of the hot spot, at which the pipe inner surface was heated by hot flow from the branch pipe, causes thermal stress fluctuations. In this study, the effect of the loading sequence on thermal fatigue in a mixing tee was investigated. In addition, the prediction method of the fatigue life for the variable thermal strain in the mixing tee was discussed. The time histories of the strain around the hot spot were estimated by finite element analysis for which the temperature condition was determined by wall temperature measured in a mockup test. The accumulated fatigue damage around the hot spot obtained by Miner's rule was less than 1.0. Since the strain around the hot spot had waveforms with periodic overload, the loading sequence with periodic overload caused reduction of the fatigue life around the hot spot. Crack growth tests showed that a single overload decreased crack opening strain and increased the effective strain range. The increment of the effective strain range accelerated the crack growth rate after the overload. The accumulated fatigue damage for the strain in the mixing tee was calculated using Miner's rule and the strain ranges, which added the maximum increment of the effective strain range. The accumulated fatigue damage was larger than 1.0 under most conditions. The proposed procedure is suitable to predict the conservative fatigue life in a mixing tee.
Air Cooling of Power Electronics Through Vertically Enhanced Manifold Microchannel Systems (VEMMS)
Authors: Yuruker Sevket U. , Mandel Raphael K. , McCluskey Patrick , Ohadi Michael M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To improve the reliability and efficiency of power electronics, their thermal management must be further enhanced. Next-generation electronics systems are predicted to dissipate more heat as die size shrinks and power levels increase. Traditional air-cooling approaches usually provide insufficient performance or require heavy and bulky heat sinks to achieve adequate thermal management. To address this problem, a novel air cooled vertically enhanced manifold microchannel system (VEMMS) was developed. While minimizing the footprint required on the printed circuit board, the system offers efficient thermal management in a conformal scheme that accommodates the associated power electronics and their electrical connections. This work describes the manufacturing process of the air-cooled VEMMS heat sink and its experimental characterization and thermo-fluidic performance. Good agreement was obtained between the test results and numerical predictions. Using air at ambient conditions, thermal resistance of 2.6 K/W was achieved with a single-sided cooling architecture with a &lt;1.5 cm2 footprint and &lt;2 cm3 total heat sink volume. A full-bridge electrical power density of ∼84 kWe/L and overall direct current (DC–DC) converter power density of ∼20 kWe/L were achieved at reasonable flow rates and pressure drops using commercially available miniature electric fans.
ERGO: A New Robust Design Optimization Technique Combining Multi-Objective Bayesian Optimization With Analytical Uncertainty Quantification
Authors: Wauters Jolan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this work, robust design optimization (RDO) is treated, motivated by the increasing desire to account for variability in the design phase. The problem is formulated in a multi-objective setting with the objective of simultaneously minimizing the mean of the objective and its variance due to variability of design variables and/or parameters. This allows the designer to choose its robustness level without the need to repeat the optimization as typically encountered when formulated as a single objective. To account for the computational cost that is often encountered in RDO problems, the problem is fitted in a Bayesian optimization framework. The use of surrogate modeling techniques to efficiently solve problems under uncertainty has effectively found its way in the optimization community leading to surrogate-assisted optimization-under-uncertainty schemes. The Gaussian processes, the surrogates on which Bayesian optimization builds, are often considered cheap-to-sample black-boxes and are sampled to obtain the desired quantities of interest. However, since the analytical formulation of these surrogates is known, an analytical treatment of the problem is available. To obtain the quantities of interest without sampling an analytical uncertainty, propagation through the surrogate is presented. The multi-objective Bayesian optimization framework and the analytical uncertainty quantification are linked together through the formulation of the robust expected improvement, obtaining the novel efficient robust global optimization scheme. The method is tested on a series of test cases to examine its behavior for varying difficulties and validated on an aerodynamic test function which proves the effectiveness of the novel scheme.
Detached Eddy Simulation: Recent Development and Application to Compressor Tip Leakage Flow
Authors: He Xiao , Zhao Fanzhou , Vahdati Mehdi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDetached eddy simulation (DES) and its variants are emerging tools for turbomachinery simulations. In this paper, the state-of-the-art upgrades of DES are reviewed, and their capabilities in predicting compressor tip leakage flow are discussed. The upgrade with the best potential is identified as the delayed DES (DDES) method with the grid spacing FKHΔhyb, which unlocks the physics of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in compressor tip leakage flow. The upgraded grid spacing FKHΔhyb is compared against the widely used default one Δmax in a backward-facing step and a low-speed axial compressor rotor. Results show that the DDES method with FKHΔhyb predicts both the main flow field and the turbulence field with reasonably good accuracy. However, the original DDES method with Δmax predicts a delayed transition to turbulence, which leads to an inaccurate prediction of the main flow field when using a coarse mesh. The findings in this paper highlight the future opportunities for using the DDES-FKHΔhyb method to predict tip-driven compressor stall and generate a turbulence database for turbulence model development.
Proof-of-Concept of a Thermal Barrier Coated Titanium Cooling Layer for an Inside-Out Ceramic Turbine
Authors: Gauvin-Verville Antoine , Dubois Patrick K. , Picard Benoit , Landry-Blais Alexandre , Plante Jean-Sébastien , Picard Mathieu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Increasing turbine inlet temperature (TIT) of recuperated gas turbines would lead to simultaneously high efficiency and power density, making them prime candidates for low-emission aeronautics applications, such as hybrid-electric aircraft. The inside-out ceramic turbine (ICT) architecture achieves high TIT by using compression-loaded monolithic ceramics. To resist inertial forces due to blade tip speed exceeding 450 m/s, the shroud of the ICT is made of carbon-polymer composite, wound around a metallic cooling ring. This paper demonstrates that it is beneficial to use a titanium alloy cooling ring with a thermal barrier coating (TBC), rather than nickel superalloys, for the interstitial cooling ring protecting the carbon-polymer from the hot combustion gases. A numerical design of experiments (DOE) analysis shows the design tradeoffs between the minimum safety factor and the required cooling power for multiple geometries. An optimized high-pressure first turbine stage of a 500 kW microturbine concept using ceramic blades and a titanium cooling ring in an ICT configuration is presented. Its structural performance (minimum safety factor of 1.4), as well as its cooling losses, (2% of turbine stage power) are evaluated. Finally, a 20 kW-scale prototype is tested at 300 m/s and a TIT of 1375 K during 4 h to demonstrate the viability of the concept. Experiments show that the polymer composite was kept below its maximum safe operating temperature and components show no early signs of degradation.
Techno-Economic Analysis of a Hydrogen Production and Storage System for the On-Site Fuel Supply of Hydrogen-Fired Gas Turbines
Authors: Bexten Thomas , Sieker Tobias , Wirsum Manfred 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Hydrogen-fired gas turbines have the potential to play an important role in future CO2-neutral energy and industry sectors. A prerequisite for the operation of hydrogen-fired gas turbines is the availability of sufficient quantities of hydrogen. The combination of electrolysis and renewable power generation is currently considered the most relevant pathway for the large-scale production of CO2-neutral hydrogen. Regarding the fuel supply of hydrogen-fired gas turbines, this pathway is associated with various technical and economic challenges. This applies in particular to configurations in which electrolyzers and hydrogen storage capacities are installed directly at gas turbine sites to avoid hydrogen transport. Considering an exemplary system configuration, this study extends prior model-based investigations by focusing on the economic viability of the on-site fuel supply of hydrogen-fired gas turbines. The impact of various design parameters and operational strategies is analyzed using the levelized cost of hydrogen as the main economic indicator. The study reveals that the investigated on-site hydrogen production is not economically viable within the current (2019) framework of the German energy sector. Assuming the extensive availability of renewable power generation in the long-term, additional investigations indicate that on-site hydrogen production and storage systems for gas turbines could potentially become economically viable if various advantageous conditions are met. These conditions include a sufficient availability of inexpensive renewable power for the operation of electrolyzers as well as a sufficient utilization of on-site hydrogen storage capacities to justify corresponding capital expenditures.
Experimental and Numerical Study for Improved Understanding of Mixed-Convection Type of Flows in Turbine Casing Cavities During Shut-Down Regimes
Authors: Murat Oguzhan , Rosic Budimir , Tanimoto Koichi , Egami Ryo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Due to an increase in the power generation from renewable sources, steam and gas turbines will be required to adapt for more flexible operations with frequent start-ups and shut-downs to provide load leveling capacity. During shut-down regimes, mixed convection takes place with natural convection dominance depending on the operating conditions in turbine cavities. Buoyant flows inside the turbine that are responsible for nonuniform cooling leading to thermal stresses and compromise clearances directly limits the operational flexibility. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools are required to predict the flow field during these regimes since direct measurements are extremely difficult to conduct due to the harsh operating conditions. Natural convection with the presence of cross-flow -mixed convection has not been extensively studied to provide detailed measurements. Since the literature lacks of research on such flows with real engine representative operating conditions for CFD validation, the confidence in numerical predictions is rather inadequate. This paper presents a novel experimental facility that has been designed and commissioned to perform very accurate unsteady temperature and flow field measurements in a simplified turbine casing geometry. The facility is capable of reproducing a wide range of Richardson, Grashof, and Reynolds numbers which are representative of engine realistic operating conditions. In addition, high fidelity, wall resolved large eddy simulation (LES) with dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid scale model has been performed. The flow field as well as heat transfer characteristics have been accurately captured with LES. Finally, the inadequacy of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) for the mixed type of flows has been highlighted.
Associations of impaired glucose tolerance and sleep disorders with mortality among the US general population
Authors: Inoue Kosuke , Semba Eriko , Yamakawa Tadashi , Terauchi Yasuo 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionSleep disorders and short sleep duration are common symptoms among people with diabetes. However, the evidence is limited about the associations of post-challenge hyperglycemia and sleep quality or quantity with all-cause mortality in the US general population.Research design and methodsOur study included 8795 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2014. Mortality data were ascertained through 2015. Multivariable Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate adjusted HRs (aHRs) for all-cause mortality according to 2-hour plasma glucose levels during the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test—normal glucose tolerance (NGT), <140 mg/dL; impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 140–199 mg/dL; and diabetes, ≥200 mg/dL. We then examined the associations of glucose tolerance status and self-reported physician-diagnosed sleep disorders (yes vs no) or sleep duration (<7 vs ≥7 hours) with all-cause mortality.ResultsDuring follow-up (median, 5.6 years), the diabetes group had a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with the NGT group (aHR (95% CI)=1.93 (1.41 to 2.64)), but not the IGT group (aHR (95% CI)=1.19 (0.90 to 1.59)). When we categorized participants according to glucose tolerance status and sleep disorders, the IGT group with sleep disorders had a higher risk of all-cause mortality (aHR (95% CI)=2.03 (1.24 to 3.34)) compared with the NGT group without sleep disorders. Both diabetes groups with and without sleep disorders also showed high mortality risks. The results were consistent when we used sleep duration instead of sleep disorders.ConclusionsUsing the most updated US national data, we found a high risk of all-cause mortality among individuals with IGT having sleep disorders or short sleep duration as well as those with diabetes. Future investigations are needed to identify whether and what kind of sleep management is beneficial for people with impaired glucose metabolism to prevent early death.
Assessment ofHelicobacter pyloristatus by examination of gastric mucosal patterns: diagnostic accuracy of white-light endoscopy and narrow-band imaging
Authors: Glover Ben , Teare Julian , Patel Nisha 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesHelicobacter pyloriinfection is a common cause of chronic gastritis worldwide and an established risk factor for developing gastric malignancy. The endoscopic appearances predictingH. pyloristatus are an ongoing area of research, as are their diagnostic accuracies. This study aimed to establish the diagnostic accuracy of several mucosal features predictive ofH. pylorinegative status and formulate a simple prediction model for use at the time of endoscopy.DesignPatients undergoing high-definition upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy without magnification were recruited prospectively. During the endoscopy, the presence or absence of specific endoscopic findings was noted. Sydney protocol biopsies were used as the diagnostic reference standard, and urease test if taken. The results informed a logistic regression model used to produce a simple diagnostic approach. This model was subsequently validated using a further cohort of 30 patients.Results153 patients were recruited and completed the study protocol. The prevalence of activeH. pyloriinfection was 18.3% (28/153). The overall diagnostic accuracy of the simple prediction model was 80.0%, and 100% of patients with activeH. pyloriinfection were correctly classified. The presence of regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC) showed a positive predictive value forH. pylorinaïve status of 90.7%, rising to 93.6% for patients under the age of 60.ConclusionA simple endoscopic model may be accurate for predictingH. pyloristatus of a patient, and the need for biopsy-based tests. The presence of RAC in the stomach is an accurate predictor ofH. pylorinegative status, particularly in patients under the age of 60.Trial registration numberThe study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, No.NCT02385045.