bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue-specific expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, in mouse models of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Tsukamoto Shunichiro , Wakui Hiromichi , Azushima Kengo , Yamaji Takahiro , Urate Shingo , Suzuki Toru , Abe Eriko , Tanaka Shohei , Taguchi Shinya , Yamada Takayuki , Kinguchi Sho , Kamimura Daisuke , Yamashita Akio , Sano Daisuke , Nakano Masayuki , Hashimoto Tatsuo , Tamura Kouichi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElevated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression in organs that are potential targets of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may increase the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Previous reports show that ACE2 alter its tissue-specific expression patterns under various pathological conditions, including renal diseases. Here, we examined changes in pulmonary ACE2 expression in two mouse chronic kidney disease (CKD) models: adenine-induced (adenine mice) and aristolochic acid-induced (AA mice). We also investigated changes in pulmonary ACE2 expression due to renin–angiotensin system (RAS) blocker (olmesartan) treatment in these mice. Adenine mice showed significant renal functional decline and elevated blood pressure, compared with controls. AA mice also showed significant renal functional decline, compared with vehicles; blood pressure did not differ between groups. Renal ACE2 expression was significantly reduced in adenine mice and AA mice; pulmonary expression was unaffected. Olmesartan attenuated urinary albumin excretion in adenine mice, but did not affect renal or pulmonary ACE2 expression levels. The results suggest that the risk of COVID-19 infection may not be elevated in patients with CKD because of their stable pulmonary ACE2 expression. Moreover, RAS blockers can be used safely in treatment of COVID-19 patients with CKD.
Secondary seed removal in a degraded forest habitat in Madagascar
Authors: Fiedler Paula M. A. , De Lapparent Alice , Razafitsalama Jeremie , Sanamo Justin , Steffens Kim J. E. , Ganzhorn Jörg U. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractForest restoration is a prime goal within the 2021–2030 UN “Decade of Ecosystem Resoration”. As part of these activities, natural regeneration has to be promoted for biological as well as for economic reasons. For this, the processes of seed dispersal, seed predation and germination have to be understood in the original as well as in degraded vegetation formations. We used seed removal experiments to assess post-dispersal processes that influence recruitment along a gradient of forest degradation in Madagascar analyzing seeds of three animal dispersed tree species. The percentage of seeds consumed or dispersed, declined from forest (28.6%) to degraded forest (17.2%) to savanna (10.8%). Only three out of 1080 seeds were cached and remained intact during the 14-day experiment. All three seeds were cached in the forest habitat and none in the degraded forest and savanna. The low percentage of seeds removed may be due to the lack of endemic rodents caching seeds, as only introduced rats were recorded in the area. The species-poor fauna of potential secondary seed dispersers of the region and especially in the degraded areas might represent an obstacle for diverse regeneration in degraded regions of Madagascar.
One-year effects of bifocal and unifocal glasses on executive functions in children with Down syndrome in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: de Weger Christine , Boonstra F. Nienke , Goossens Jeroen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAppropriate glasses can improve visual functioning of children with Down syndrome (DS), but it is unknown if such interventions influence their cognitive impairments. In a randomized controlled trial with 1-year follow-up. Children with DS (2–16 years) were provided either bifocal glasses (add +2.5 Dioptres; n = 50) or unifocal glasses (n = 52). Executive functions were assessed pre- and post-intervention with the task-based Minnesota Executive Function Scale (MEFS) and with questionnaires, BRIEF-P and BRIEF, parents’ and teachers’ version. Intervention effects and associations between executive functions, (near) vision and ocular alignment were analysed. Intervention improved MEFS-Total-scores in the bifocal group (p = 0.002; Cohen’s d = 0.60) but not in the unifocal group (p = 0.191; Cohen’s d = 0.24). Post-intervention, there was no intergroup difference (p = 0.120; Cohen’s d = 0.34). Post-intervention, higher MEFS-scores were associated with better visual acuities (crowded near p = 0.025; uncrowded near p = 0.019; distant p = 0.045). Pre-post changes in MEFS-scores correlated significantly with improved ocular alignment (p = 0.040). Exploratory analysis of the questionnaires showed improved teacher-rated BRIEF-scores in both groups (bifocals: p = 0.014, Cohen’s d = 1.91; unifocals: p = 0.022, Cohen’s d = 1.46), with no intergroup difference (p = 0.594; Cohen’s d = 0.23). These results demonstrate positive effects of wearing better-correcting glasses on executive functioning in children with DS, suggesting a link between their visual and executive functioning. However, the relative contributions of distant and near vision need further study.
Deep learning for early dental caries detection in bitewing radiographs
Authors: Lee Shinae , Oh Sang-il , Jo Junik , Kang Sumi , Shin Yooseok , Park Jeong-won 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe early detection of initial dental caries enables preventive treatment, and bitewing radiography is a good diagnostic tool for posterior initial caries. In medical imaging, the utilization of deep learning with convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to process various types of images has been actively researched, with promising performance. In this study, we developed a CNN model using a U-shaped deep CNN (U-Net) for caries detection on bitewing radiographs and investigated whether this model can improve clinicians’ performance. The research complied with relevant ethical regulations. In total, 304 bitewing radiographs were used to train the CNN model and 50 radiographs for performance evaluation. The diagnostic performance of the CNN model on the total test dataset was as follows: precision, 63.29%; recall, 65.02%; and F1-score, 64.14%, showing quite accurate performance. When three dentists detected caries using the results of the CNN model as reference data, the overall diagnostic performance of all three clinicians significantly improved, as shown by an increased sensitivity ratio (D1, 85.34%; D1′, 92.15%; D2, 85.86%; D2′, 93.72%; D3, 69.11%; D3′, 79.06%; p < 0.05). These increases were especially significant (p < 0.05) in the initial and moderate caries subgroups. The deep learning model may help clinicians to diagnose dental caries more accurately.
Fluid resuscitation via colon alleviates systemic inflammation in rats with early-stage severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Ni Tongtian , Xu Lili , Sun Silei , Ma Li , Zhao Bing , Zhou Weijun , Wen Yi , Ning Ning , Chen Erzhen , Chen Ying , Mao Enqiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFluid resuscitation via colon (FRVC) is a complementary therapeutic procedure for early-stage cases of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). The expression of intestinal dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) regulates systemic inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of FRVC on the expression of DC-SIGN in the colon tissue of SAP rats and its effect on the early response of systemic inflammatory and multiple organ injury. SAP was induced in rats via retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct. DC-SIGN expression of appeared in the proximal and distal colon. Histological characteristics and inflammatory cytokines were examined to compare the effect of FRVC and intravenous fluid resuscitation (IVFR). The results showed that DC-SIGN expression in the proximal colon increased in a time-dependent manner in the early-stage of SAP rats. FRVC inhibited DC-SIGN expression in the proximal colon. Both FRVC and IVFR alleviated histological injuries of the pancreas and colon. However, FRVC had an advantage over IVFR in alleviating lung injury and reducing serum TNF-α, IL-6 and LPS. These results suggest that FRVC treatment might help suppress systemic inflammation and prevent subsequent organ failure in early-stage SAP rats likely through inhibiting DC-SIGN expression in the proximal colon.
Silicon via nutrient solution modulates deficient and sufficient manganese sugar and energy cane antioxidant systems
Authors: Oliveira Kamilla Silva , de Mello Prado Renato , Checchio Mirela Vantini , Gratão Priscila Lupino 
Published: August 2021

AbstractManganese (Mn) is highly demanded by Poaceae, and its deficiency induces physiological and biochemical responses in plants. Silicon (Si), which is beneficial to plants under various stress conditions, may also play an important role in plants without stress. However, the physiological and nutritional mechanisms of Si to improve Mn nutrition in sugarcane and energy cane, in addition to mitigating deficiency stress, are still unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate whether the mechanisms of action of Si are related to the nutrition of Mn by modulating the antioxidant defense system of sugarcane plants and energy cane plants cultivated in nutrient solution, favoring the physiological and growth factors of plants cultivated under Mn deficiency or sufficiency. Two experiments were carried out with pre-sprouted seedlings ofSaccharum officinarumL. andSaccharum spontaneumL. grown in the nutrient solution. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Plants were grown under Mn sufficiency (20.5 µmol L−1) and the deficiency (0.1 µmol L−1) associated with the absence and presence of Si (2.0 mmol L−1). Mn deficiency caused oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation and decreasing GPOX activity, contents of phenols, pigments, and photosynthetic efficiency, and led to the growth of both studied species. Si improved the response of both species to Mn supply. The attenuation of the effects of Mn deficiency by Si depends on species, with a higher benefit forSaccharum spontaneum. Its performance is involved in reducing the degradation of cells by reactive oxygen species (21%), increasing the contents of phenols (18%), carotenoids (64%), proteins, modulating SOD activity, and improving photosynthetic and growth responses.
Orogen-scale transpression accounts for GPS velocities and kinematic partitioning in the Southern Andes
Authors: Eisermann Jan Oliver , Göllner Paul Leon , Riller Ulrich 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Southern Andes are regarded as a typical subduction orogen formed by oblique plate convergence. However, there is considerable uncertainty as to how deformation is kinematically partitioned in the upper plate. Here we use analogue experiments conducted in the MultiBox (Multifunctional analogue Box) apparatus to investigate dextral transpression in the Southern Andes between 34 °S and 42 °S. We find that transpression in our models is caused mainly by two prominent fault sets; transpression zone-parallel dextral oblique-slip thrust faults and sinistral oblique-slip reverse faults. The latter of these sets may be equivalent to northwest-striking faults which were believed to be pre-Andean in origin. We also model variable crustal strength in our experiments and find that stronger crust north of 37 °S and weaker crust to the south best reproduces the observed GPS velocity field. We propose that transpression in the Southern Andes is accommodated by distributed deformation rather than localized displacements on few margin-parallel faults.
A spatial and dynamic solution for allocation of COVID-19 vaccines when supply is limited
Authors: Shi Wenzhong , Tong Chengzhuo , Zhang Anshu , Shi Zhicheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Since most of the global population needs to be vaccinated to reduce COVID-19 transmission and mortality, a shortage of COVID-19 vaccine supply is inevitable. We propose a spatial and dynamic vaccine allocation solution to assist in the allocation of limited vaccines to people who need them most.

Methods
We developed a weighted kernel density estimation (WKDE) model to predict daily COVID-19 symptom onset risk in 291 Tertiary Planning Units in Hong Kong from 18 January 2020 to 22 December 2020. Data of 5,409 COVID-19 onset cases were used. We then obtained spatial distributions of accumulated onset risk under three epidemic scenarios, and computed the vaccine demands to form the vaccine allocation plan. We also compared the vaccine demand under different real-time effective reproductive number (Rt) levels.

Results
The estimated vaccine usages in three epidemiologic scenarios are 30.86% - 45.78% of the Hong Kong population, which is within the total vaccine availability limit. In the sporadic cases or clusters of onset cases scenario, when 6.26% of the total population with travel history to high-risk areas can be vaccinated, the COVID-19 transmission between higher- and lower-risk areas can be reduced. Furthermore, if the current Rt is increased to double, the vaccine usages needed will be increased by more than 7%.

Conclusions
The proposed solution can be used to dynamically allocate limited vaccines in different epidemic scenarios, thereby enabling more effective protection. The increased vaccine usages associated with increased Rt indicates the necessity to maintain appropriate control measures even with vaccines available.
The electron-transfer intermediates of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as polarons by in situ spectroscopy
Authors: Lyle Hanna , Singh Suryansh , Paolino Michael , Vinogradov Ilya , Cuk Tanja 
Published: August 2021

The conversion of diffusive forms of energy (electrical and light) into short, compact chemical bonds by catalytic reactions regularly involves moving a carrier from an environment that favors delocalization to one that favors localization.
Spatial regulation of electroplex emission via dendritic molecular engineering
Authors: Liu Dan , Guo Ao , Zhang Qianyi , Feng Yingli , Zhao Guimin , Ma Daiyu , Chen Haowen , Jiang Wei , Sun Yueming 
Published: August 2021

An efficient way of controlling electroplex emission via dendritic molecular engineering is proposed, it can regulate the distance between the donor and acceptor molecules and further inhibit the formation of electromers.
Potential Risks to Hearing Functions of Service Members From Exposure to Jet Fuels
Authors: Morata Thais C. , Hungerford Michelle , Konrad-Martin Dawn 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
Several military occupations, particularly those within the U.S. Air Force, require working with or around jet fuels. Jet fuels contain components that are known to affect central nervous function, yet effects of these fuels on auditory function, specifically auditory processing of sound, are not well understood at this time. Animal studies have demonstrated that exposure to jet fuels prior to noise exposure can exacerbate the noise exposure's effects, and service members exposed to jet fuels are at risk of noise exposure within their work environments. The purpose of this article was to give a brief synopsis of the evidence on the ototoxic effects due to jet fuel exposure to aid audiologists in their decision making when providing care for populations who are occupationally exposed to fuels or while during military service.

Conclusions
Exposure to jet fuels impacts central nervous function and, in combination with noise exposure, may have detrimental auditory effects that research has yet to fully explain. Additional longitudinal research is needed to explain the relationships, which have clinical implications for service members and others exposed to jet fuels. In the meantime, audiologists can gain useful information by screening for chemical exposures when obtaining patient case histories. If jet fuel exposure is suspected, the Lifetime Exposure to Noise and Solvents Questionnaire can be used to estimate a noise exposure ranking and identify other potentiating agents such as jet fuel and industrial chemicals. A history of jet fuel exposure should inform the selection of hearing tests in the audiometric evaluation and when devising the treatment plan.
Real‐time CVSA decals recognition system using deep convolutional neural network architectures
Authors: Yépez Juan , Castro‐Zunti Riel , Choi Younhee , Ko Seok‐Bum 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance (CVSA) aims to achieve uniformity, compatibility and reciprocity of commercial motor vehicle inspections and enforcement by certified inspectors dedicated to driver and vehicle safety. Commercial vehicles that pass a CVSA inspection are eligible for a decal representing a commitment to safety. In this work, we propose a two‐step automatic CVSA decal recognition system using deep convolutional neural network architectures. The first step localizes a vehicle's windshield and the CVSA decal within, and classifies the decal colour. The CVSA decal is cropped and used as input to the second stage, which localizes and classifies a digit and the corner‐cut of a CVSA decal. With the corner cut, colour, and digit, the system can determine the decal's date of issue. We use as our baseline the MobileDet architecture, customizing the backbone to our tasks. Our first custom architecture is larger than the baseline because it needs more representational power to detect small decals within an image. The second architecture is much smaller because digit and corner‐cut recognition is a simpler task. Our custom architectures reduce processing time and exceed accuracies relative to pre‐trained architectures. We implemented our models on different edge hardware accelerators (e.g. the Google Coral, Nvidia Jetsons, and Intel NCS) and compared the performance when processing a real‐time video stream. Our system can predict frames at 173.31 FPS on an NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier with 98.5% mean average precision @ 0.5 IoU.
Triage in der Notfallambulanz eines universitären Kinderzentrums nach dem Manchester Triage System
Authors: Kiess Wieland , Lacher Martin , Siekmeyer Werner , Schuster Volker , Schönfelder issy , Bühligen Ulf 
Published: August 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGKritisch kranken Kindern muss rasch geholfen werden. Gleichzeitig sind Wartezeiten in der ambulanten Medizin gerade für Familien mit kranken Kindern so kurz wie möglich zu halten. Ersteinschätzungssysteme (Triage) sind in der Notfallmedizineingeführt worden. Ersteinschätzungssysteme sind standardisierte Verfahren zur Einschätzung des Gesundheitszustandes und zum Erkennen von echten Notfällen. Ein Hauptziel der Triagierung ist es auch, die begrenzten personellen und räumlichen Ressourcen einer Notfallaufnahme – zum Beispiel eines universitären Notfallzentrums – auf das medizinisch Dringliche zu konzentrieren. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, Daten aus der Ersteinschätzung in der Kindernotfallambulanz nach dem Manchester Triage System an einem universitären Kinderzentrum in Deutschland über ein Jahr zu sammeln und zu analysieren. Es wurde gefunden, dass unter den in der Notfallambulanz vorgestellten Kindern und Jugendlichen tatsächlich nur ca. 10 % als kritisch krank eingestuft wurden. Einen jahreszeitlichen Unterschied der Notfallhäufigkeit gab es nicht. Subjektiv wird die Bedeutung einer universitären Akutversorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen als für die Stadt und Region wichtig und relevant angesehen. Der Auftrag einer Maximalversorgung an das universitäre Kinderzentrum wird durch die Tatsache, dass auch viele nicht kritisch kranke Kinder und Jugendliche versorgt werden, nicht relativiert: Auch nicht kritisch kranke Kinder werden in einem gut erreichbaren, rund um die Uhr zugänglichen ambulanten Kinderzentrum in großer Zahl vorgestellt und rasch und suffizient versorgt. Über die Effektivität und Effizienz der ambulanten kinderärztlichen Versorgung in Deutschland sollte mehr inhaltlich diskutiert werden. Die Sinnhaftigkeit der bisher strikten Trennung der ambulanten und stationären Sektoren im deutschen Gesundheitswesen muss inhaltlich und ohne in Lobbyismus zu verfallen, hinterfragt werden.
Das Knochenmarködemsyndrom
Authors: Schmidt Constantin , Delsmann Maximilian M. , Stürznickel Julian , Barvencik Florian 
Published: August 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas Knochenmarködemsyndrom (KMÖS) ist eine durch pathologische Flüssigkeitsvermehrung im Knochenmark gekennzeichnete Erkrankung, die sich mittels MRT darstellen lässt. Das Spektrum potenziell verursachender Erkrankungen ist groß, wobei sich ätiologisch mechanische, metabolische, reaktive und ischämische KMÖS-Formen voneinander unterscheiden lassen. Zwar ist die Pathophysiologie des KMÖS noch unzureichend verstanden, doch wird ein lokal erhöhter Knochenumbau im Sinne einer aktivierten Knochenresorption angenommen, die zu einer erhöhten Vaskularisation mit konsekutiv vermehrter Flüssigkeitsansammlung führt. Ziel unserer Arbeit war es anhand der pathophysiologischen Überlegungen die möglichen verursachenden Erkrankungen differenzialdiagnostisch zu beleuchten und anhand derer einen diagnostischen Algorithmus zu präsentieren. Dabei zeigen wir, dass sich die verschiedenen KMÖS-Formen oft mittels typischer MRT-morphologischer sowie klinischer und laborchemischer Charakteristika unterscheiden lassen, sodass anhand der richtigen Diagnose gezielt therapeutische Maßnahmen getroffen werden können.
Mastozytose – eine kurze Übersicht
Authors: Horny Hans-Peter , Valent Peter 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Mastozytose ist eine ungewöhnliche Erkrankung des hämatopoetischen Gewebes (Knochenmark) mit heterogenem klinischem Erscheinungsbild und dementsprechend ganz unterschiedlicher Prognose. Prinzipiell wird eine rein kutane Mastozytose (fast immer bei Kindern) von einer systemischen Mastozytose (bei Erwachsenen) mit fakultativem, gleichwohl häufigem Hautbefall unterschieden. Im Zentrum der Diagnose steht der Histopathologe mit Nachweis einer Zunahme atypischer Mastzellen im Gewebeschnitt, häufig unter Ausbildung kompakter Infiltrate.
External Auditory Canal Cholesteatoma: Clinical and Radiological Features
Authors: Dongol Kripa , Shadiyah Hena , Gyawali Bigyan Raj , Rayamajhi Pabina , Pradhananga Rabindra Bhakta 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction External auditory canal cholesteatoma (EACC) is often misdiagnosed.
Objectives To outline the clinical presentation of EACC, and to describe its radiological findings on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the temporal bone.
Methods The clinical records of all patients diagnosed with EACC from April 2017 to March 2020 in a tertiary care center were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical presentation, the findings on the HRCT of the temporal bone, and the treatment provided were analyzed.
Results A total of 9 patients, 7 males and 2 females, with a mean age of 30 years, were diagnosed with primary EACC. Six patients presented with otorrhoea, three, with otalgia, three. with hearing loss, and one with facial palsy. Some patients had multiple symptoms. The most common findings on otomicroscopy were destruction of the posterior and inferior canal walls, with cholesteatoma and intact tympanic membrane (six patients). Two patients had aural polyp, and one had a narrow ear canal due to sagging of the posterior canal wall. On HRCT, all nine patients showed soft-tissue density in the external auditory canal with erosion of the canal wall. The disease extended to the mastoid in eight cases, and to the cavity of the middle ear in one. There were three cases of dehiscence of the facial canal. Dehiscence of the dural and sinus plates was observed in two cases each. Eight patients underwent mastoidectomy, and one underwent debridement with canalplasty.
Conclusion Review of the clinical and radiological findings is essential to reduce the rate of misdiagnosis.