bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation Between Corneal and Total Wavefront Aberrations in Myopic Eyes
Authors: Mrochen Michael , Jankov Mirko , Bueeler Michael , Seiler Theo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Corneal topography data expressed as corneal aberrations are frequently used to report corneal laser surgery results. However, the optical image quality depends on all optical elements of the eye, including the human lens. We investigated correlations between corneal and total wavefront aberrations and the relevance of corneal aberrations for representing the optical quality of the total eye.
METHODS: Thirty-three eyes of 22 myopic patients were measured using a corneal topography system and a Tscherning-type wavefront analyzer. Pupils were dilated to at least 6 mm in diameter. All measurements were centered with respect to the line of sight. Corneal and total wavefront aberrations were calculated up to the 6th Zernike order in the same reference plane.
RESULTS: Statistically significant correlations (P<.05) between corneal and total wavefront aberrations were found for astigmatism (C3,C5) and all 3rd Zernike order coefficients such as coma (C7,C8). No statistically significant correlations were found for 4th, 5th, or 6th order Zernike coefficients. On average, all Zernike coefficients for corneal aberrations were larger than the Zernike coefficients for total wavefront aberrations.
CONCLUSIONS: Due to the lack of correlation between corneal and total wavefront aberrations in most of the higher order aberrations, measurement of corneal aberrations are of limited use for representation of the optical quality of the human eye, especially after corneal laser surgery. Corneal aberrations and optical elements within the eye are optically balanced. As a consequence, ideal customized ablations must take both corneal and total wavefront aberrations into consideration. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:104-112]
Subtarsal Flap Dislocation After Superior Hinge Laser in situ Keratomileusis in a Patient With Borderline Mental Illness
Authors: Maldonado Miguel J , Juberías José R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report a case of complete subtarsal flap dislocation after uncomplicated superior hinge laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
METHODS: Flap dislodgement resulted from eye rubbing in a patient with a past medical history of mental illness and epilepsy. The dislocated cap, which was also folded in half, was refloated, profusely irrigated, and ironed to eliminate flap wrinkles. Particular care was taken to avoid flap misalignment.
RESULTS: Despite the above mentioned intervention, a prominent epithelial mark corresponding to the line of previous folding persisted for 3 additional days. Eventually, a perfectly aligned lenticule without wrinkles and an otherwise normal postoperative course occurred.
CONCLUSIONS: Although superior hinge LASIK may reduce the likelihood of flap displacement, mechanical forces can generate complete flap dislocation. When a flap has been folded in half, an epithelial mark corresponding to the line of folding may persist. Patients with psychiatric disorders may be at higher risk of postoperative flap-related complications. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:169-171]
Early Results of Nidek Customized Aspheric Transition Zones (CATz) in Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Kermani Omid , Schmiedt Karl , Oberheide Uwe , Gerten Georg 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Standard ablation profiles for myopia and myopic astigmatism are spherical in shape and usually induce spherical aberration, often resulting in glare, halo, and other night vision problems. New ablation algorithms with aspheric transition zones may help reduce the amount of induced spherical aberrations in refractive surgery.
METHODS: Between September and November 2002, 52 eyes were treated with bilateral laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using a new ablation profile with customized aspherical transition zone (CATz). Results were analyzed from examinations performed 1 day, 1 and 3 months (if available) after surgery, and compared to a standard LASIK patient group.
RESULTS: Refractive outcome of patients was within ±0.50 D of intended correction in 72% on day 1, and 82% at 1 month after surgery. At 1 month after LASIK, mean spherical equivalent refraction was changed from preoperative mean -6.73 ± 2.04 D to postoperative mean -0.43 ± 0.80 D (range -2.00 to +1.50 D). No eye lost more than 1 line of visual acuity; 10% gained 1 line and 80% remained unchanged 1 month after surgery. The topographically visible effective optical zone size was larger than in comparable treatments with standard ablation profiles. Spherical aberration was reduced and no patient complained about night vision problems after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS: Customized aspheric transition zones may help reduce induction of spherical aberration in refractive surgical correction of myopia and myopic astigmatism. [J Refract Surg 2003; 19(suppl):S190-S194]
The Role of Amino Acids in Corneal Stromal Healing: A Method for Evaluating Cellular Density and Extracellular Matrix Distribution
Authors: Vinciguerra Paolo , Munoz Maria Ingrid Torres , Camesasca Fabrizio I 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate how amino acid supplementation influences the response of corneal stromal keratocytes and other components of the corneal stroma.
METHODS: We compared two groups of patients undergoing cataract surgery. Each group included 20 eyes of 20 patients. Patients in Group 1 were treated with amino acids for 15 days before surgery, and patients in Group 2 did not receive amino acids (control). To evaluate differences and change in corneal stroma, we analyzed all of the operated corneas with confocal microscopy. The eonfocal images were then analyzed with a new method for measurement of corneal structure based on fractal dimension calculation. This led to a numerical value, D index (fractal surface dimension), an objective measurement of corneal stromal characteristics. This index is related to three factors: keratocyte density, stromal distribution pattern, and intercellular matrix structure.
RESULTS: Patients in the preoperative amino acid group showed higher keratocyte density values than those in the control group. We observed differences in cell distribution patterns and intercellular matrix structures between groups. Amino acid-treated patients had a corneal stroma with a D index value 10% higher than control group patients.
CONCLUSIONS: We hypothesized that preoperative oral supplements with amino acids may change the corneal stroma structure by increasing keratocyte density and modifying the intercellular matrix. A new method for the measurement of these changes was applied, which provides quantification of the stromal structure complexity with a single numerical value. [J Refract Surg 2003;19(suppl): S227-S230J
Ascorbate Prophylaxis for Corneal Haze After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Stojanovic Aleksandar , Ringvold Amund , Nitter Tore 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate whether prophylactic systemic ascorbic acid influences the average level of haze and the incidence of late onset corneal haze after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK).
METHODS: Two consecutive groups of eyes treated with PRK for myopia with or without astigmatism were retrospectively compared. The patients had been treated similarly, with the exception that systemic ascorbate had been supplied orally in one of the groups. Haze intensity was quantified on a scale from 0 (clear cornea) to 4 (anterior chamber not visible). The diagnostic criterion for late onset corneal haze was a haze grade 2 or higher, occurring 4 to 12 months after surgery.
RESULTS: One week, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery, the group without ascorbate (314 eyes) showed haze of average levels 0.61, 0.51, 0.50, 0.32, 0.10, respectively, and the group with ascorbate (201 eyes) showed haze of average levels 0.38, 0.18, 0.16, 0.09, 0.06, respectively. Comparison of the respective values showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<.01) at 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months. Late onset corneal haze was observed in 11 eyes in the group without ascorbate, and none was observed in the group with ascorbate (P<.02).
CONCLUSION: This retrospective nonrandomized clinical study suggests that oral ascorbic acid supplementation may have a prophylactic effect against haze development after PRK. However, routine prophylactic use of ascorbate can be recommended only after a randomized, prospective clinical trial substantiates its efficacy. [J Refract Surg 2003;19:338-343]
Trabeculectomy in Black Patients
Authors: Miller Ronald D , Barber John C 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A series of 122 trabeculectomies in black patients is presented, with a minimum postoperative follow-up of 12 months. Glaucoma was controlled in 57% of the cases (39% without medication and 18% with medication) and 43% were uncontrolled at 12 months. Several characteristics were observed in these patients that seem to influence success. A high correlation was found between the presence of a bleb and successful control of pressure without medication. The rate of success was found to decrease little after 12 months postoperative follow-up.
Use of Venturi Entrainment Mask for High-Flow Ventilation of Patients Submitting to Ophthalmic Surgery Under Local Anesthesia
Authors: Wesley Ralph E , Halpin Michael 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The venturi entrainment mask is an inexpensive, disposable item readily available from the respiratory therapy department of most hospitals, which can be used with the patients submitting to ophthalmic surgery under local anesthesia to provide low oxygen concentration, high-flow ventilation at nearly room temperature and humidity. Four liters of oxygen will entrain an additional 101 liters of room air using the 24% intake valve. This high-flow ventilation system eliminates hypercarbia since the patient never rebreathes. The mask elevates the drapes comfortably off the patient's face without dislodging and reduces the danger of flash fire with the use of thermal electrocautery.
Treatment of Distichiasis with Cryotherapy
Authors: Frueh Bartley A 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The surgical treatment of distichiasis has frequently resulted in disfigurement of the treated eyelid. Since the follicles of the aberrant lashes in lids with distichiasis are placed more posteriorly than the follicles of normal lashes, it is theoretically possible to destroy the follicles of the aberrant lashes without destroying the follicles of the normally placed lashes if transconjunctival cooling creates a sufficient temperature gradient from the conjunctiva to the anterior tarsal surface.
This report illustrates a successful application of this concept. However, further data are needed to delineate the optimum cryo treatment of distichiasis.
Tensile Strength of Corneoscleral Wounds Repaired with Absorbable Sutures
Authors: Masuda Kanjiro 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The tensile strength of healing corneoscleral wounds repaired with 9-0 and 10-0 nylon, polyglycolic acid, and polyglycolic-lactic acid sutures was measured in rabbit eyes at the first, third, and sixth postoperative weeks. In all cases, the tensile strength of the wound increased to about 50 percent of that of intact control tissue by the sixth week. There were no differences between the tensile strengths of wounds and the severity of inflammation in the anterior chamber between eyes sutured with nylon and those sutured with absorbable materials. Conjunctival injection persisted longer around nylon sutures, however, than it did around either polyglycolic acid or polyglycolic-lactic acid sutures. The absorbable sutures maintain sufficient strength to support healing corneoscleral wounds.
New Cataract Removal Instrumentation and Techniques: II. Laboratory Phacofragmentation with the NASA-McGannon Cataract Fragmentor
Authors: Liu Luke H S , Tolentino Felipe I , Baehr Edward F , Schepens Charles L 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The NASA-McGannon cataract fragmentor, a newly designed mechanical phacofragmentor powered by compressed air, was tested on 100 eyes of old rabbits and on 50 dark Drown nuclei of human cataracts that were implanted in the anterior chambers of rabbit eyes after the lenses had been removed. It was possible to eliminate the eddy current in the anterior chamber, reduce the requirement for infusion, and reduce the time of fragmentation both for rabbit lenses and for implanted hard nuclei of human cataracts. latrogenic damage to the iris and posterior capsule of the lens was noted in the early cases but not in the later ones, as the operators became more skillful in manipulating the instrument.
Visual Prognosis in Aphakic Bullous Keratopathy Treated by Penetrating Keratoplasty: A Retrospective Study of 73 Cases
Authors: Muenzler W Stanley , Harms Willard K 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Seventy-three eyes with limbus to limbus bullous keratopathy following cataract extraction were followed 24 months to determine the long-term visual prognosis following penetrating keratoplasty. All but one eye required anterior vitrectomy. A manual vitrectomy technique was utilized in all cases. Results obtained were equal to or better than other contemporary literature reports utilizing mechanical vitrectomy techniques.
Current Techniques for Improved Visual Results After Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Bourne William M 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Although 90% of corneal transplants today are clear one year after transplantation, many are not truly successful due to factors such as high astigmatism, poor vision until sutures are removed one year postoperatively, or gradual corneal decompensation (late endothelial failure). This paper describes results using both a double running suture technique to provide early visual rehabilitation and serial specular microscopic examinations to maintain the greatest possible number of viable donor endothelial cells. These techniques can be easily used today by any corneal surgeon to improve the overall visual results after penetrating keratoplasty.
Changes in Corneal Thickness During Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Villasenor Richard A , Salz James , Steel Douglas , Krasnow Michael A 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Ultrasonic pachometry readings were recorded at selected intervals during radial keratotomy. Findings indicate that during surgery on the dry cornea, there is significant reduction in corneal thickness. The range in corneal changes reported indicates the need to monitor corneal changes during surgery.
Particle-Free Environment for Refractive Keratoplasty
Authors: Stern Alan L , Taylor Daniel M 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
The refractive keratoplasty techniques of keratomileusis and keratophakia require meticulous care to avoid intralamellar foreign particles. A portable High Efficiency Particular Air Filter Unit has been designed to meet the needs of those surgeons clinically performing this surgery. The unit, combined with a morphic techniques has minimized the clinical problem of particulate matter for the general hospital.
A New Donor Cutting Block for Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Tanne Emanuel 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A new corneal cutting block of polycarbonate material is designed to provide a more perfectly shaped donor button. It differs from conventional cutting blocks which have only one radius and one diameter. The cutting block comprises an arrangement of curvatures and diameters which serve to approximate the shape of the anterior surface of the cornea and para-sclera.
Visual Prognosis in Pseudophakic Corneal Transplants
Authors: Charlton Kevin H , Binder Perry S , Perl Theodore 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Although the prognosis for obtaining a clear corneal transplant after aphakic bullous keratopathy is good, many patients do not achieve good vision primarily because of macular disease. To evaluate the visual benefit of an intraocular lens on corneal transplantation, we performed a retrospective study comparing the best attained and latest visual acuities, corneal thinning patterns, endothelial cell densities, and post-keratoplasty complications in 31 patients with aphakic bullous keratopathy, 19 patients with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, 44 combined transplants with cataract extraction and 5 secondary lens implants at the time of keratoplasty. We found the presence of a lens provided patients with early functional visual rehabilitation. Subsequent visual acuity was equivalent in similar corneal disease categories. The presence of a lens did not produce additional endothelial cell loss, abnormal corneal thinning patterns, or increase the incidence of complications. The removal of an intraocular lens at transplant did not affect ultimate visual prognosis. We conclude that the implantation of an intraocular lens does not increase complications after keratoplasty in selected cases.
Fundus Photocoagulation with the Argon and Krypton Lasers: A Comparative Study
Authors: Peyman Gholam A , Li Mark , Yoneya Shin , Goldberg Morton F , Raichand Motilal 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Photocoagulation of the monkey fundus with an argon-krypton laser photocoagulator was performed. Lesions produced by argon and krypton wavelengths were compared at various power settings, spot sizes, and exposure durations. At low energy levels argon laser lesions appeared clinically stronger than those produced by the krypton mode. Lesions in the foveal area produced with the argon laser demonstrated more extensive microscopic damage to the inner retinal layers than did those produced with the krypton laser. Histologically, both modalities affected the outer layers of the retina. However, the krypton wavelength affected more of the choriocapillaries and the larger choroidal vessels than the argon wavelengths. Conversely, argon laser coagulation of the retinal vessels damaged the perivascular tissue in the nerve fiber layer more than the krypton laser did.
Rupture of Bruch's membrane and choroidal hemorrhage occurred frequently with the krypton laser at low energy levels when a small spot size and a short coagulation time were used. Both complications were less likely to occur with argon burns at similar dosage parameters. By choosing larger spot sizes and longer coagulation times for the krypton laser, these complications were prevented.
Infant Donor Corneas for Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Wood Thomas O , Nissenkorn Ilana 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A series of 13 patients who have undergone corneal transplantation with infant corneas have been reviewed. The average donor is eleven months. All grafts with infant donor material were crystal clear from the first postoperative day with no folds in Descemet's membrane. The corneas take on a normal convex shape earlier postoperatively than corneas of elderly donors, allowing the patients early visual rehabilitation. The final median postoperative refractive error in nine patients is +7.8 -2.91 axis. Control of the flexible infant donor cornea can be improved by using a 0.5 mm larger button at the time of surgery.
The Use of Sodium Hyaluronate (Healon) in Intracapsular Cataract Extraction with Insertion of Anterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Lazenby G William , Broocker Geoffrey 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Intracapsular cataract extraction with insertion of anterior chamber intraocular lens was carried out on 40 subjects. In 21 procedures, balanced salt solution or air was used to deepen the anterior chamber. In 19 procedures, Hyaluremic Acid (Healon) was used to deepen the anterior chamber. In the two groups, no significant difference was noted in the endothelial cell count or in the corneal thickness. The surgeon felt that Healon made the surgery much easier, gave better control and greatly decreased the possibility of serious complications.
Combined Keratoplasty, Cataract Extraction, and Intraocular Lens Implantation: Experience at the Wilmer Institute
Authors: Bruner William E , Stark Walter J , Maumenee A Edward 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
A review of 12 cases of combined keratoplasty, cataract extraction and IOL implantation performed during the past five years at the Wilmer Institute Js presented. The results show 80% of cases with 6/1 2 (20/40) vision or better with a follow-up of at least six months. All but one of the grafts remained clear. Our current technique for keratoplasty, extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior-chamber IOL implantation is described. This technique has several advantages, including the following: an intact posterior capsule, no anterior vitrectomy, protection of the cornea from the IOL by the iris, and potential for full pupil dilation after surgery. Conservative and highly selective use of the procedure is recommended.
A New Effective, Efficient and Economical System of Cryoextraction
Authors: Christy Norval E 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
In a village hospital in Pakistan, where the work load demands very efficient surgical technique, a new system of cryoextraction featuring a very efficient method of freon delivery into a very effective cryoextractor was introduced. The system reduced complications without reducing the efficiency of the operation. It is recommended for use in situations where a large surgical load calls for efficiency and as a back-up system in other situations.
Cystoid Macular Edema in Vitreo-Retinal Traction
Authors: Wolter J Reimer 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Advanced cystoid macular edema is demonstrated histologically in association with traction on the foveal retina by a preretinal membrane attached to diabetic neovascularization and a shrinking vitreous. A causative relationship between the traction and the cystoid changes is suspected.
Toxicity of Antineoplastic Drugs in Vitrectomy Infusion Fluids
Authors: Barrada Ahmed , Peyman Gholam A , Greenberg David , Stelmack Thomas , Fiscella Richard 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Twelve antineoplastic drugs were evaluated for their toxicity when used in vitrectomy infusion fluid. These drugs may have implications in the prevention of cellular proliferation inside the eye.
Radial Keratotomy: Prospective Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy
Authors: Kremer Frederic B , Marks Ronald G 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
One hundred five consecutive radial keratotomy procedures were followed for one year postoperatively. There was greatest correction of myopia with less than 8 diopters of preoperative correction, and correction to a lesser degree with more than 8 diopters of preoperative correction. There were no severe complications. Size of central optical zone, number of incisions, graduation of incisional depth, central corneal thickness, patient age, intraocular pressure, and sex are of value in predicting the success of the procedure.
Peripheral Corneal Grafts in Terrien's Marginal Degeneration
Authors: Brown Alan C , Rao Gullapalli N , Aquavella James V 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Surgical treatment of two cases of Terrien's marginal degeneration is discussed. Because of the peripheral location of the corneal thinning, free-hand grafting is required. The procedure and its complications, both intraoperative and postoperative, are described in detail.