bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-1 blockade attenuates white matter inflammation and oligodendrocyte loss after progressive systemic lipopolysaccharide exposure in near-term fetal sheep
Authors: Kelly Sharmony B. , Stojanovska Vanesa , Zahra Valerie A. , Moxham Alison , Miller Suzanne L. , Moss Timothy J. M. , Hooper Stuart B. , Nold Marcel F. , Nold-Petry Claudia A. , Dean Justin M. , Bennet Laura , Polglase Graeme R. , Gunn Alistair J. , Galinsky Robert 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Increased systemic and tissue levels of interleukin (IL)-1β are associated with greater risk of impaired neurodevelopment after birth. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that systemic IL-1 receptor antagonist (Ra) administration would attenuate brain inflammation and injury in near-term fetal sheep exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Methods
Chronically instrumented near-term fetal sheep at 0.85 of gestation were randomly assigned to saline infusion (control, n = 9), repeated LPS infusions (0 h = 300 ng, 24 h = 600 ng, 48 h = 1200 ng, n = 8) or repeated LPS plus IL-1Ra infusions (13 mg/kg infused over 4 h) started 1 h after each LPS infusion (n = 9). Sheep were euthanized 4 days after starting infusions for histology.

Results
LPS infusions increased circulating cytokines and were associated with electroencephalogram (EEG) suppression with transiently reduced mean arterial blood pressure, and increased carotid artery perfusion and fetal heart rate (P < 0.05 vs. control for all). In the periventricular and intragyral white matter, LPS-exposure increased IL-1β immunoreactivity, numbers of caspase 3+ cells and microglia, reduced astrocyte and olig-2+ oligodendrocyte survival but did not change numbers of mature CC1+ oligodendrocytes, myelin expression or numbers of neurons in the cortex and subcortical regions. IL-1Ra infusions reduced circulating cytokines and improved recovery of EEG activity and carotid artery perfusion. Histologically, IL-1Ra reduced microgliosis, IL-1β expression and caspase-3+ cells, and improved olig-2+ oligodendrocyte survival.

Conclusion
IL-1Ra improved EEG activity and markedly attenuated systemic inflammation, microgliosis and oligodendrocyte loss following LPS exposure in near-term fetal sheep. Further studies examining the long-term effects on brain maturation are now needed.
Interleukin-6 actions in the hypothalamus protects against obesity and is involved in the regulation of neurogenesis
Authors: Bobbo Vanessa C. , Engel Daiane F. , Jara Carlos Poblete , Mendes Natalia F. , Haddad-Tovolli Roberta , Prado Thais P. , Sidarta-Oliveira Davi , Morari Joseane , Velloso Licio A. , Araujo Eliana P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Interleukin-6 (IL6) produced in the context of exercise acts in the hypothalamus reducing obesity-associated inflammation and restoring the control of food intake and energy expenditure. In the hippocampus, some of the beneficial actions of IL6 are attributed to its neurogenesis-inducing properties. However, in the hypothalamus, the putative neurogenic actions of IL6 have never been explored, and its potential to balance energy intake can be an approach to prevent or attenuate obesity.

Methods
Wild-type (WT) and IL6 knockout (KO) mice were employed to study the capacity of IL6 to induce neurogenesis. We used cell labeling with Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), immunofluorescence, and real-time PCR to determine the expression of markers of neurogenesis and neurotransmitters. We prepared hypothalamic neuroprogenitor cells from KO that were treated with IL6 in order to provide an ex vivo model to further characterizing the neurogenic actions of IL6 through differentiation assays. In addition, we analyzed single-cell RNA sequencing data and determined the expression of IL6 and IL6 receptor in specific cell types of the murine hypothalamus.

Results
IL6 expression in the hypothalamus is low and restricted to microglia and tanycytes, whereas IL6 receptor is expressed in microglia, ependymocytes, endothelial cells, and astrocytes. Exogenous IL6 reduces diet-induced obesity. In outbred mice, obesity-resistance is accompanied by increased expression of IL6 in the hypothalamus. IL6 induces neurogenesis-related gene expression in the hypothalamus and in neuroprogenitor cells, both from WT as well as from KO mice.

Conclusion
IL6 induces neurogenesis-related gene expression in the hypothalamus of WT mice. In KO mice, the neurogenic actions of IL6 are preserved; however, the appearance of new fully differentiated proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons is either delayed or disturbed.
Effects of sanitary pad distribution and reproductive health education on upper primary school attendance and reproductive health knowledge and attitudes in Kenya: a cluster randomized controlled trial
Authors: Austrian Karen , Kangwana Beth , Muthengi Eunice , Soler-Hampejsek Erica 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Adolescent girls’ risk of school dropout and reproductive health (RH) challenges may be exacerbated by girls’ attitudes toward their bodies and inability to manage their menstruation. We assessed effects of sanitary pad distribution and RH education on girls in primary grade 7 in Kilifi, Kenya.

Methods
A cluster randomized controlled trial design was used. Eligible clusters were all non-boarding schools in three sub-counties in Kilifi County that had a minimum of 25 girls enrolled in primary grade 7. 140 primary schools, 35 per arm, were randomly assigned to one of four study arms: (1) control; (2) sanitary pad distribution; (3) RH education; or (4) both sanitary pad distribution and RH education. Outcomes were school attendance, school engagement, RH knowledge and attitudes, gender norms, and self-efficacy. For outcomes measured both at baseline and endline, difference-in-differences (DID) models were estimated and for outcomes without baseline data available, analysis of covariance models were used.

Results
The study enrolled 3489 randomly selected girls in primary grade 7, with a mean age of 14.4 (SD 1.5). Girls in arms 2 and 4 received on average 17.6 out of 20 packets of sanitary pads and girls in arms 3 and 4 participated on average in 21 out of 25 RH sessions. Ninety-four percent of the baseline sample was interviewed at the end of the intervention with no differential attrition by arm. There was no evidence of an effect on primary school attendance on arm 2 (coefficient [coef] 0.37, 95% CI − 0.73, 1.46), arm 3 (coef 0.14, 95% CI − 0.99, 1.26) or arm 4 (coef 0.58, 95% CI − .37, 1.52). There was increased positive RH attitudes for girls in arm 3 (DID coef. 0.63, 95% CI 0.40–0.86) and arm 4 (DID coef. 0.85, 95% CI 0.64, − 1.07). There was also an increase in RH knowledge, gender norms and self-efficacy in arms 3 and 4.

Conclusions
The findings suggest that neither sanitary pad distribution nor RH education, on their own or together, were sufficient to improve primary school attendance. However, as the RH education intervention improved RH outcomes, the evidence suggests that sanitary pad distribution and RH education can be positioned in broader RH programming for girls.
Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN10894523. Registered 22 August 2017—Retrospectively registered, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN10894523
Increasing transforming growth factor-beta concentrations with age decrease apelin in the rat rotator cuff
Authors: Tazawa Ryo , Uchida Kentaro , Kenmoku Tomonori , Nakawaki Mitsufumi , Muneshige Kyoko , Ishii Daisuke , Inoue Gen , Takaso Masashi 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The rotator cuff undergoes natural degeneration with age, leading to age-related rotator cuff tear; however, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) concentrations rise with age and TGF-β contributes to the pathophysiology of skeletal muscle. TGF-β has also been shown to suppress expression of the myokine, apelin, in skin fibroblasts. We hypothesized that TGF-β expression in the rotator cuff changes with age and regulates apelin expression, thereby contributing to rotator cuff degeneration.

Methods
We used quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (Q-RT-PCR) to measure the expression of apelin and tendon-related genes (Tnmd, Col1a1, and Col3a1) in the rotator cuff of young (12 weeks), adult (24 weeks), and old (48 weeks) rats. Using Q-RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we also measured Tgfb mRNA and TGF-β protein levels, respectively. Furthermore, we used Q-RT-PCR to measure apelin mRNA levels in rotator cuff-derived cells after treatment with 0 (control) and 10 ng/mL recombinant TGF-β.

Results
Apelin mRNA levels were significantly lower in old compared to young and adult rats. Similarly, tendon-related genes, Tnmd, Col1a1, and Col3a1, were significantly lower in adult and old rats than young rats. In contrast, Tgfb mRNA and TGF-β protein were significantly higher in old compared to young rats. Stimulation with exogenous TGF-β significantly decreased Apelin mRNA expression compared to control.

Conclusions
TGF-β regulates apelin expression in the rotator cuff and may play a key role in the degenerative pathology of the rotator cuff with age.
Measuring vitamin C in critically ill patients: clinical importance and practical difficulties—Is it time for a surrogate marker?
Authors: Rozemeijer Sander , van der Horst Frans A. L. , de Man Angélique M. E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article is one of ten reviews selected from the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2021. Other selected articles can be found online at https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/annualupdate2021. Further information about the Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine is available from https://link.springer.com/bookseries/8901.
Retrospective study of canine endoparasites diagnosed by fecal flotation methods analyzed across veterinary parasitology diagnostic laboratories, United States, 2018
Authors: Sobotyk Caroline , Upton Kaitlyn E. , Lejeune Manigandan , Nolan Thomas J. , Marsh Antoinette E. , Herrin Brian H. , Borst Mindy M. , Piccione Julie , Zajac Anne M. , Camp Lauren E. , Pulaski Cassan N. , Starkey Lindsay A. , von Simson Cristiano , Verocai Guilherme G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundCompanion animal endoparasites play a substantial role in both veterinary medicine and public health. Updated epidemiological studies are necessary to identify trends in occurrence and distribution of these parasites, and their associated risk factors. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of canine endoparasites  retrospectively, using fecal flotation  test data available through participating academic veterinary parasitology diagnostic laboratories across the United States of America (USA).MethodsCanine fecal flotation records from ten veterinary diagnostic laboratories located in nine states in the USA acquired from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018, were included.ResultsA total of 4692 fecal flotation test results were obtained, with a majority comprised of client-owned dogs (3262; 69.52%), followed by research dogs (375; 8.00%), and shelter dogs (122; 2.60%). Samples from 976 (20.80%) dogs were positive for at least one parasite, and co-infections of two or more parasites were found in 3.82% (179/4692) of the samples. The five most commonly detected parasites were:Giardia sp., (8.33%; 391/4692), Ancylostomatidae (5.63%; 264/4692),Cystoisosporaspp. (4.35%; 204/4692),Toxocara canis(2.49%;117/4692), andTrichuris vulpis(2.43%; 114/4692). Various other internal parasites, including gastrointestinal and respiratory nematodes, cestodes, trematodes, and protozoans were detected in less than 1% of samples.ConclusionsThese data illustrate the importance of parasite prevention, routine fecal screening, and treatment of pet dogs. Additionally, pet owners should be educated about general parasite prevalence, prevention, and anthelmintic treatment regimens to reduce the risks of environmental contamination and zoonotic transmission.Graphical Abstract
A matrix metalloproteinase-generated neoepitope of CRP can identify knee and multi-joint inflammation in osteoarthritis
Authors: Alexander Louie C. , McHorse Grant , Huebner Janet L. , Bay-Jensen Anne-Christine , Karsdal Morten A. , Kraus Virginia B. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Objective
To compare C-reactive protein (CRP) and matrix metalloproteinase-generated neoepitope of CRP (CRPM) as biomarkers of inflammation and radiographic severity in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods
Participants with symptomatic osteoarthritis (n=25) of at least one knee underwent knee radiographic imaging and radionuclide etarfolatide imaging to quantify inflammation of the knees and other appendicular joints. For purposes of statistical analysis, semi-quantitative etarfolatide and radiographic imaging scores were summed across the knees; etarfolatide scores were also summed across all joints to provide a multi-joint synovitis measure. Multiple inflammation and collagen-related biomarkers were measured by ELISA including CRP, CRPM, MMP-generated neoepitopes of type I collagen and type III collagen in serum (n=25), and CD163 in serum (n=25) and synovial fluid (n=18).

Results
BMI was associated with CRP (p=0.001), but not CRPM (p=0.753). Adjusting for BMI, CRP was associated with radiographic knee osteophyte score (p=0.002), while CRPM was associated with synovitis of the knee (p=0.017), synovitis of multiple joints (p=0.008), and macrophage marker CD163 in serum (p=0.009) and synovial fluid (p=0.03). CRP correlated with MMP-generated neoepitope of type I collagen in serum (p=0.045), and CRPM correlated with MMP-generated neoepitope of type III collagen in serum (p<0.0001). No biomarkers correlated with age, knee pain, or WOMAC pain.

Conclusions
To our knowledge, this is the first time that CRPM has been shown to be associated with knee and multi-joint inflammation based on objective imaging (etarfolatide) and biomarker (CD163) measures. These results demonstrate the capability of biomarker measurements to reflect complex biological processes and for neoepitope markers to more distinctly reflect acute processes than their precursor proteins. CRPM is a promising biomarker of local and systemic inflammation in knee OA that is associated with cartilage degradation and is independent of BMI. CRPM is a potential molecular biomarker alternative to etarfolatide imaging for quantitative assessment of joint inflammation.
Comparison of properties determined using electromechanical assessment (Arthro-BST™) with macroscopic and histological properties in symptomatic human articular cartilage of the hip
Authors: Ukai Taku , Sato Masato , Wasai Shiho , Takahashi Takumi , Omura Haruka , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Cartilage degeneration is assessed using various methods. Although macroscopic evaluation can directly measure cartilage degeneration, it cannot accurately assess cartilage properties. Histological examination is one of the most accurate methods for evaluating cartilage degeneration. However, it is invasive and requires collection of cartilage tissue. In contrast, the Arthro-BST™ probe can assess cartilage properties noninvasively. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Arthro-BST in assessing cartilage degeneration by comparing macroscopic (International Cartilage Repair Society [ICRS] classification) and histological evaluations (modified Mankin score and Osteoarthritis Research Society International [OARSI] histological grade).

Methods
Fourteen femoral heads were excised from 13 patients during surgery to treat hip osteoarthritis or femoral fracture. The ICRS score was used for macroscopic evaluation of cartilage degeneration. The Arthro-BST was applied at sites matching the areas of cartilage damage. The sites assessed using the ICRS classification and Arthro-BST were evaluated histologically (modified Mankin score and OARSI histological grade), and these were compared with the Arthro-BST results.

Results
The ICRS classification identified significant differences between grades 1 and 3 (p < 0.01), between grades 1 and 4 (p < 0.01), between grades 2 and 3 (p < 0.01), and between grades 2 and 4 (p < 0.01). Significant correlations were observed between the Arthro-BST results and the ICRS score, modified Mankin score (structure, cellularity, matrix staining, total score), and OARSI histological grade.

Conclusions
In the assessment of hip osteoarthritis, the Arthro-BST results correlated with those of macroscopic and histological evaluations. The Arthro-BST is useful for assessing hip osteoarthritis and may be helpful for noninvasive assessment of cartilage degeneration.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Long noncoding RNA SNHG1 promotes TERT expression by sponging miR-18b-5p in breast cancer
Authors: Kang Yujuan , Wan Lin , Wang Qin , Yin Yanling , Liu Jiena , Liu Lei , Wu Hao , Zhang Lei , Zhang Xin , Xu Shouping , Pang Da 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar RNA host gene 1 (SNHG1) plays a positive role in the progression of human malignant tumors. However, the molecular mechanism of SNHG1 remains elusive in breast cancer.

Results
LncRNA SNHG1 was upregulated and had a positive relationship with poor prognosis according to bioinformatics analysis in pan-cancer including breast cancer. Silencing SNHG1 inhibited tumorigenesis in breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, SNHG1 functioned as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to promote TERT expression by sponging miR-18b-5p in breast cancer. miR-18b-5p acted as a tumor repressor in breast cancer. Moreover, the combination of SNHG1 knockdown and TERT inhibitor administration showed a synergistic inhibitory effect on breast cancer growth in vivo. Finally, E2F1 as a transcription factor, binding to SNHG1 promoter and enhanced SNHG1 transcription in breast cancer.

Conclusions
Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the oncogenic mechanism of lncRNA SNHG1 in breast cancer. Importantly, we identified a novel E2F1–SNHG1–miR-18b-5p–TERT axis, which may be a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. Our results also provided a potential treatment for breast cancer when knockdown SNHG1 and TERT inhibitor administration simultaneously.
Iterative algorithm for singularities of inclusion problems in Hadamard manifolds
Authors: Chaipunya Parin , Khammahawong Konrawut , Kumam Poom 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to introduce a new iterative algorithm to solve inclusion problems in Hadamard manifolds. Moreover, applications to convex minimization problems and variational inequality problems are studied. A numerical example also is presented to support our main theorem.
A generalized neutral-type inclusion problem in the frame of the generalized Caputo fractional derivatives
Authors: Lachouri Adel , Abdo Mohammed S. , Ardjouni Abdelouaheb , Etemad Sina , Rezapour Shahram 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study the existence of solutions for a generalized sequential Caputo-type fractional neutral differential inclusion with generalized integral conditions. The used fractional operator has the generalized kernel in the format of $( \vartheta (t)-\vartheta (s)) $
(
ϑ
(
t
)
−
ϑ
(
s
)
)
along with differential operator $\frac{1}{\vartheta '(t)}\,\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t}$

1

ϑ
′

(
t
)

d

d
t

. We obtain existence results for two cases of convex-valued and nonconvex-valued multifunctions in two separated sections. We derive our findings by means of the fixed point principles in the context of the set-valued analysis. We give two suitable examples to validate the theoretical results.
Platypnea–orthodeoxia syndrome associated with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report
Authors: Hoshi Takuo , Tadokoro Yu , Nemoto Masaru , Honda Junya , Matsukura Shihori 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Platypnea–orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is a rare clinical condition characterized by respiratory distress and/or hypoxia developing in the sitting/upright position, which is relieved in the recumbent position. This syndrome is known to have an intracardiac shunt as its primary etiology. Here, we report the case of a patient who was found to have POS without an intracardiac shunt while recovering from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia.

Case presentation
A 73-year-old woman was diagnosed with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and was managed according to our institutional protocol. Although her oxygenation improved at rest, oxygen saturation dropped to lower than 80% when she was in the sitting position. She had no patent foramen ovale or other intracardiac shunts. She showed gradual improvement and was discharged under home oxygen therapy 28 days after admission.

Conclusions
This report highlights the importance of continuous bedside monitoring of pulse oximetry during positional changes, even if it is stable at rest, in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19.
The role of functional imaging; DWI, ADC and 18F-FDG PET/CT in the evaluation of HCC treatment response after transarterial chemoembolization
Authors: Abdelrahman Ahmed S. , Abdel-Rahman Amgad S. , Taha Noha M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is one of the treatment lines for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), this study was conducted to assess the role of functional imaging including the DWI, ADC and 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) for detection of residual HCC after TACE as compared to the structural liver imaging reporting and data system (LI-RADS).

Results
The optimal cut off value of standardized uptake value ratio (SUVmax/liver SUVmean ratio) for detection of residual viable HCC after TACE was 1.09 with 88.9%, 87.5% and 88.6% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy respectively, a lower diagnostic value was noted in the qualitative visual FDG PET/CT assessment with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 81.5%, 75% and 80% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of DWI for identification of post-TACE viable HCC were 77.8%, 75%, and 77.1% respectively. The optimal cut off value of ADC for the diagnosis of variable HCC was 1.32 × 10−3 mm2/s with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 81.5%, 75%, and 80% respectively.

Conclusions
DWI, ADC and FDG PET/CT are effective functional imaging modalities for the evaluation of viable residual HCC post-TACE with comparable findings for the dynamic cross-section imaging.
In vitro fibroblasts viability and migration stimulation of Acalypha indica: an insight on wound healing activity
Authors: Ibrahim Ammar Mahmoud , Hamid Mariani Abdul , Althiab Rama Ali , Shariff Amir Husni Mohd , Zulkifli Razauden Mohamed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The current study investigates the antioxidant activity of Acalypha indica aerial parts and root ethanolic extracts and explore whether these extracts will stimulate fibroblasts viability and ability to migrate.

Results
Aerial parts extract exhibited higher DPPH scavenging activity compared to root extract with IC50 of 62 µg/mL and 206 µg/mL, respectively. Both aerial parts and root extracts showed low cytotoxicity towards fibroblasts with 753 µg/mL LD50 for aerial parts and undetected LD50 for root extract. Additionally, aerial parts extract significantly induces fibroblasts proliferation up to 134%. Wound closure investigation showed a significant closure percentage for aerial parts compared to untreated control with 75% at 1 µg/mL and high closure percentage with 70% at 0.1 µg/mL for root extract compared to only 59% closure percentage for untreated control after 48 h of the study.

Conclusions
This study provided evidence for A. indica to have great wound healing potential. The finding builds the scientific background in future to utilise the high antioxidant activity of A. indica and its ability to stimulate fibroblasts migration and proliferation for further applications.