bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong evidence supporting a relationship between colour pattern and apparent survival in common crossbills
Authors: Fernández-Eslava Blanca , Alonso Daniel , Galicia David , Arizaga Juan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCarotenoid staining has been repeatedly shown to serve as a sexually selected individual quality signal. In different species, individuals that show brighter carotenoid-based signals have been found to have superior feeding abilities, recover faster from disease, and generally enjoy better body condition. In the common crossbill (Loxia curvirostra), the colour has also been related to the different populations, with northern and central European populations being described as redder than those in the Mediterranean region. A study in the Pyrenees showed that long-winged individuals had lower apparent survival, and the proportion of red individuals was higher in long-winged birds, concluding that they could be nomadic birds (that travel long distances). A priori, if the red crossbills are more mobile than the yellow and orange ones, their apparent survival will be lower. However, in our study, red males showed a greater survival than males of other colours and almost double than that of the yellow ones. These results suggest that red coloration is linked to higher quality individuals regardless of their mobility.
Climatic and anthropogenic factors affect Ailanthus altissima invasion in a Mediterranean region
Authors: Motti Riccardo , Zotti Maurizio , Bonanomi Giuliano , Cozzolino Alessia , Stinca Adriano , Migliozzi Antonello 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAilanthus altissima is an aggressive invasive tree worldwide, but the ecological factors that lead to the spread of this species in Mediterranean ecosystems are still unclear. Here we aim to identify such factors, focusing on the interaction of human activity with climatic conditions. We determined the occurrence and abundance of Ailanthus in 240 sites and studied their relationship with 20 variables representing climatic, geographic, and topographic factors, as well as land use, in the region of Campania (southern Italy). Overall, we found that temperature and rainfall in Campania are suitable for Ailanthus, with the only major constraint being the temperature at an altitude exceeding 900 m a.s.l.. We found that Ailanthus is unable to spread where the mean annual temperature is lower than 11.1 °C. By contrast, precipitation variables showed poor correlation with Ailanthus distribution, suggesting that rainfall in the selected study sites is suitable to sustain the growth of this tree. About land use variables, roads were the primary landscape feature along which this species spread and invaded new areas. Roads probably combine high propagule pressure and favorable growing conditions in terms of available resources i.e., light, water, and mineral nutrients, that allow Ailanthus to establish and spread along roadside edges in different ecosystems. In conclusion, we found that climate and human-associated variables are correlated with the current occurrence of Ailanthus, with the temperature being more influential at high elevation sites and road distance playing a prominent role in low elevation areas.
Variability of limestone knapping methods in Middle Palaeolithic levels M and Ob of Abric Romaní (Barcelona, Spain)
Authors: Eixea Aleix , Bargalló Amèlia , Gómez de Soler Bruno , Romagnoli Francesca , Vaquero Manuel , Saladié Palmira , Carbonell Eudald , Vallverdú Josep , Chacón M. Gema 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the limestone reduction sequences documented in levels M and Ob at Abric Romaní from a technological point of view. At level M, a recurrent knapping system has been identified, resulting in the frequency of pseudo-Levallois blanks. At archaeolevel Ob, the presence of Levallois methods are observed in association with this knapping system. In both cases, retouched tools are rare and dominated by notches and denticulates. Although it is not well-known the degree of similarity and difference between the two levels in relation to occupational patterns is not well understood, Neanderthals employed more opportunistic knapping strategies, investing less time and energy in the procurement of raw materials including for chert. In level Ob, although limestone is still collected in the local fluvial deposits, differences in raw material procurement have been identified for chert. Results show the plasticity and versality that Neanderthals had and how they took advantage of the different abiotic resources they had around them. In this paper, we discuss the limestone technology at Abric Romaní in the context of the Iberian Peninsula.
Asymptotic action and asymptotic winding number for area-preserving diffeomorphisms of the disk
Authors: Bechara Senior David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Given a compactly supported area-preserving diffeomorphism of the disk, we prove an integral formula relating the asymptotic action to the asymptotic winding number. As a corollary, we obtain a new proof of Fathi’s integral formula for the Calabi homomorphism on the disk.
The dilemma between eliminating dominance-resistant solutions and preserving boundary solutions of extremely convex Pareto fronts
Authors: Wang Zhenkun , Li Qingyan , Yang Qite , Ishibuchi Hisao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt has been acknowledged that dominance-resistant solutions (DRSs) extensively exist in the feasible region of multi-objective optimization problems. Recent studies show that DRSs can cause serious performance degradation of many multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs). Thereafter, various strategies (e.g., the $$\epsilon $$
ϵ
-dominance and the modified objective calculation) to eliminate DRSs have been proposed. However, these strategies may in turn cause algorithm inefficiency in other aspects. We argue that these coping strategies prevent the algorithm from obtaining some boundary solutions of an extremely convex Pareto front (ECPF). That is, there is a dilemma between eliminating DRSs and preserving boundary solutions of the ECPF. To illustrate such a dilemma, we propose a new multi-objective optimization test problem with the ECPF as well as DRSs. Using this test problem, we investigate the performance of six representative MOEAs in terms of boundary solutions preservation and DRS elimination. The results reveal that it is quite challenging to distinguish between DRSs and boundary solutions of the ECPF.
Bayes Factor Model Comparisons Across Parameter Values for Mixed Models
Authors: Linde Maximilian , van Ravenzwaaij Don 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNested data structures, in which conditions include multiple trials and are fully crossed with participants, are often analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance or mixed-effects models. Typically, researchers are interested in determining whether there is an effect of the experimental manipulation. These kinds of analyses have different appropriate specifications for the null and alternative models, and a discussion on which is to be preferred and when is sorely lacking. van Doorn et al. (2021) performed three types of Bayes factor model comparisons on a simulated data set in order to examine which model comparison is most suitable for quantifying evidence for or against the presence of an effect of the experimental manipulation. Here, we extend their results by simulating multiple data sets for various scenarios and by using different prior specifications. We demonstrate how three different Bayes factor model comparison types behave under changes in different parameters, and we make concrete recommendations on which model comparison is most appropriate for different scenarios.
Antidepressant use in low- middle- and high-income countries: a World Mental Health Surveys report
Authors: Kazdin Alan E. , Wu Chi-Shin , Hwang Irving , Puac-Polanco Victor , Sampson Nancy A. , Al-Hamzawi Ali , Alonso Jordi , Andrade Laura Helena , Benjet Corina , Caldas-de-Almeida José-Miguel , de Girolamo Giovanni , de Jonge Peter , Florescu Silvia , Gureje Oye , Haro Josep M. , Harris Meredith G. , Karam Elie G. , Karam Georges , Kovess-Masfety Viviane , Lee Sing , McGrath John J. , Navarro-Mateu Fernando , Nishi Daisuke , Oladeji Bibilola D. , Posada-Villa José , Stein Dan J. , Üstün T. Bedirhan , Vigo Daniel V. , Zarkov Zahari , Zaslavsky Alan M. , Kessler Ronald C. ,   the WHO World Mental Health Survey collaborators
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe most common treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) is antidepressant medication (ADM). Results are reported on frequency of ADM use, reasons for use, and perceived effectiveness of use in general population surveys across 20 countries.MethodsFace-to-face interviews with community samples totaling n = 49 919 respondents in the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys asked about ADM use anytime in the prior 12 months in conjunction with validated fully structured diagnostic interviews. Treatment questions were administered independently of diagnoses and asked of all respondents.Results3.1% of respondents reported ADM use within the past 12 months. In high-income countries (HICs), depression (49.2%) and anxiety (36.4%) were the most common reasons for use. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), depression (38.4%) and sleep problems (31.9%) were the most common reasons for use. Prevalence of use was 2–4 times as high in HICs as LMICs across all examined diagnoses. Newer ADMs were proportionally used more often in HICs than LMICs. Across all conditions, ADMs were reported as very effective by 58.8% of users and somewhat effective by an additional 28.3% of users, with both proportions higher in LMICs than HICs. Neither ADM class nor reason for use was a significant predictor of perceived effectiveness.ConclusionADMs are in widespread use and for a variety of conditions including but going beyond depression and anxiety. In a general population sample from multiple LMICs and HICs, ADMs were widely perceived to be either very or somewhat effective by the people who use them.
Antipsychotic treatment effects and structural MRI brain changes in schizophrenia
Authors: Emsley Robin , du Plessis Stefan , Phahladira Lebogang , Luckhoff Hilmar K. , Scheffler Frederika , Kilian Sanja , Smit Retha , Buckle Chanelle , Chiliza Bonginkosi , Asmal Laila 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundProgressive brain structural MRI changes are described in schizophrenia and have been ascribed to both illness progression and antipsychotic treatment. We investigated treatment effects, in terms of total cumulative antipsychotic dose, efficacy and tolerability, on brain structural changes over the first 24 months of treatment in schizophrenia.MethodsA prospective, 24-month, single-site cohort study in 99 minimally treated patients with first-episode schizophrenia, schizophreniform and schizoaffective disorder, and 98 matched healthy controls. We treated the patients according to a fixed protocol with flupenthixol decanoate, a long-acting injectable antipsychotic. We assessed psychopathology, cognition, extrapyramidal symptoms and BMI, and acquired MRI scans at months 0, 12 and 24. We selected global cortical thickness, white matter volume and basal ganglia volume as the regions of interest.ResultsThe only significant group × time interaction was for basal ganglia volumes. However, patients, but not controls, displayed cortical thickness reductions and increases in white matter and basal ganglia volumes. Cortical thickness reductions were unrelated to treatment. White matter volume increases were associated with lower cumulative antipsychotic dose, greater improvements in psychopathology and cognition, and more extrapyramidal symptoms. Basal ganglia volume increases were associated with greater improvements in psychopathology, greater increases in BMI and more extrapyramidal symptoms.ConclusionsWe provide evidence for plasticity in white matter and basal ganglia associated with antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia, most likely linked to the dopamine blocking actions of these agents. Cortical changes may be more closely related to the neurodevelopmental, non-dopaminergic aspects of the illness.
Rebuilding Authority: The Party's Relationship with Its Grassroots Organizations
Authors: Mittelstaedt Jean Christopher 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile existing scholarship looks at the relationship between the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and emerging social strata and civil society, the Party's impact on its own grassroots has been largely overlooked. How does the Party manage its own grassroots members? I argue that the CCP has ritualized its management practices in recent years. Drawing from a dataset of 1,408 “Thematic Party Days” (TPDs) conducted by grassroots Party branches in Beijing, I show how such practices are geared towards integrating ordinary Party members with the Party centre in Beijing and the Party in general. This reflects a major shift in the Party's organizational strategy, moving away from embracing market values and towards reproducing the Party's values and ideology at the grassroots.
Deepening Not Departure: Xi Jinping's Governance of China's State-owned Economy
Authors: Leutert Wendy , Eaton Sarah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo what extent has governance of China's state-owned economy changed under Xi Jinping? Against the background of momentous shifts in the political arena since 2012, some observe a decisive departure in Xi's approach to managing state-owned enterprises (SOEs): towards tight centralized control by the Chinese Communist Party and away from gradual marketization. Analysing the main aims and methods of SOE governance over the last two decades, we find that SOE policy under Xi exhibits a deepening of pre-existing trends rather than a departure. First, the essential vision of SOE functions articulated under Xi is strikingly consistent with that of his predecessors. Second, his administration's approach to governing SOEs is not novel; it relies on established mechanisms of bureaucratic design, the cadre management system, Party organizations and campaigns. While Xi has amplified Party-centred tools of command and control, this appears to be an incremental rather than a radical shift in approach.
The relationship between diet quality and the severity of household food insecurity in Canada
Authors: Hutchinson Joy , Tarasuk Valerie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjective:To examine the relationship between the dietary quality of Canadian children and adults and household food insecurity status.Design:Dietary intake was assessed with one 24-h recall. Households were classified as food secure or marginally, moderately or severely food insecure based on their responses to the Household Food Security Survey Module. We applied multivariable analyses of variance to determine whether % energy from ultra-processed foods, fruit and vegetable intake, Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores, macronutrient composition and micronutrient intakes per 1000 kcal differed by food insecurity status after accounting for income, education and region. Analyses were run separately for children 1–8 years and 9–18 years and men and women 19–64 years of age.Setting:Ten provinces in Canada.Participants:Respondents to the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition, aged 1–64 years, with complete food insecurity data and non-zero energy intakes, N 15 909.Results:Among adults and children, % energy from ultra-processed foods was strongly related to severity of food insecurity, but no significant trend was observed for fruit and vegetable intake or HEI score. Carbohydrate, total sugar, fat and saturated fat intake/1000 kcal did not differ by food insecurity status, but there was a significant negative trend in protein/1000 kcal among older children, a positive trend in Na/1000 kcal among younger children and inverse associations between food insecurity severity and several micronutrients/1000 kcal among adults and older children.Conclusions:With more severe household food insecurity, ultra-processed food consumption was higher, and diet quality was generally lower among both adults and children.
A REVIEW OF ONE-PHASE HELE-SHAW FLOWS AND A LEVEL-SET METHOD FOR NONSTANDARD CONFIGURATIONS
Authors: MORROW LIAM C. , MORONEY TIMOTHY J. , DALLASTON MICHAEL C. , MCCUE SCOTT W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe classical model for studying one-phase Hele-Shaw flows is based on a highly nonlinear moving boundary problem with the fluid velocity related to pressure gradients via a Darcy-type law. In a standard configuration with the Hele-Shaw cell made up of two flat stationary plates, the pressure is harmonic. Therefore, conformal mapping techniques and boundary integral methods can be readily applied to study the key interfacial dynamics, including the Saffman–Taylor instability and viscous fingering patterns. As well as providing a brief review of these key issues, we present a flexible numerical scheme for studying both the standard and nonstandard Hele-Shaw flows. Our method consists of using a modified finite-difference stencil in conjunction with the level-set method to solve the governing equation for pressure on complicated domains and track the location of the moving boundary. Simulations show that our method is capable of reproducing the distinctive morphological features of the Saffman–Taylor instability on a uniform computational grid. By making straightforward adjustments, we show how our scheme can easily be adapted to solve for a wide variety of nonstandard configurations, including cases where the gap between the plates is linearly tapered, the plates are separated in time, and the entire Hele-Shaw cell is rotated at a given angular velocity.
Transformation-Enabled Precondition Inference
Authors: KAFLE BISHOKSAN , GANGE GRAEME , STUCKEY PETER J. , SCHACHTE PETER , SØNDERGAARD HARALD 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrecondition inference is a non-trivial problem with important applications in program analysis and verification. We present a novel iterative method for automatically deriving preconditions for the safety and unsafety of programs. Each iteration maintains over-approximations of the set of safe and unsafe initial states, which are used to partition the program’s initial states into those known to be safe, known to be unsafe and unknown. We then construct revised programs with those unknown initial states and iterate the procedure until the approximations are disjoint or some termination criteria are met. An experimental evaluation of the method on a set of software verification benchmarks shows that it can infer precise preconditions (sometimes optimal) that are not possible using previous methods.
I-DLV-sr: A Stream Reasoning System based on I-DLV
Authors: CALIMERI FRANCESCO , MANNA MARCO , MASTRIA ELENA , MORELLI MARIA CONCETTA , PERRI SIMONA , ZANGARI JESSICA 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe introduce a novel logic-based system for reasoning over data streams, which relies on a framework enabling a tight, fine-tuned interaction between Apache Flink and the
$${{\mathcal I}^2}$$
-DLV system. The architecture allows to take advantage from both the powerful distributed stream processing capabilities of Flink and the incremental reasoning capabilities of
$${{\mathcal I}^2}$$
-DLV, based on overgrounding techniques. Besides the system architecture, we illustrate the supported input language and its modeling capabilities, and discuss the results of an experimental activity aimed at assessing the viability of the approach.
Was the January 26th, 1700 Cascadia Earthquake Part of a Rupture Sequence?
Authors: Melgar Diego 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCoastal subsidence, dating of plant remains and tree rings, and evidence for tsunami inundation point to coseismic activity on a sizable portion of the Cascadia subduction zone around three centuries ago. A tsunami of remote origin in 1700 C.E., probably from Cascadia, caused flooding and damage in Japan. In previous modeling, this transpacific evidence was found most simply explained by one Cascadia rupture about 1,000 km long. Here I model tens of thousands of ruptures and simulate their subsidence and tsunami signals and show that it is possible that the earthquake was part of a sequence of several events. Partial rupture of ∼400 km offshore southern Oregon and northern California in one large M ≥ 8.7 earthquake can explain the tsunami in Japan without conflicting with the subsidence. As many as four more earthquakes with M ≤ 8.7 can complete the subsidence signal without their tsunamis being large enough to be recorded in Japan. The purpose of this study is not to find a single, most likely, scenario or disprove the single‐rupture hypothesis favored by alternative evidence such as turbidites. Rather, it demonstrates that a multiple rupture sequence may explain part of the available data, and therefore cannot be discounted. Given the gaps in the presently available estimates of subsidence it is also possible that segments of the megathrust, for example from Copalis to the Strait of Juan de Fuca, did not rupture in 1700. The findings have significant implications for Cascadia geodynamics and how earthquake and tsunami hazards in the region are quantified.
The Nature of Ice Intermittently Accreted at the Base of Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica, Assessed Using Phase‐Sensitive Radar
Authors: Vaňková Irena , Nicholls Keith W. , Corr Hugh F. J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn‐situ phase‐sensitive radar measurements from the Ronne Ice Shelf (RIS) reveal evidence of intermittent basal accretion periods at several sites that are melting in the long‐term mean. Periods when ice is accreted at the ice‐shelf base coincide with a decrease in the amplitude of the basal return of up to 4 dB. To quantify basal accretion we constrain simultaneously the dielectric constant, electrical conductivity, and thickness of the accreted ice. We do this by exploring the sensitivity of the received basal echo strength and phase to different transmit frequencies using the radar data in combination with a simple model. Along the western RIS, we detect episodic basal accretion events leading to ice accumulation at a rate equivalent to 1–3 mm of meteoric ice per day. The inferred accumulation rates and electromagnetic properties of the accreted ice imply that these events are caused primarily by the deposition of frazil ice crystals. Our findings offer the possibility of monitoring and studying the evolution of boundaries between ice‐shelf basal melting and accretion regimes using remote observations, collected from the ice‐shelf surface.
Lagrangian Coherent Structures and Vortex Formation in High Spatiotemporal‐Resolution Satellite Winds of an Atmospheric Kármán Vortex Street
Authors: Günther Tobias , Horváth Ákos , Bresky Wayne , Daniels Jaime , Buehler Stefan Alexander 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent advances in geostationary imaging have enabled the derivation of high spatiotemporal‐resolution cloud‐motion winds for the study of mesoscale unsteady flows. Due to the general absence of ground truth, the quality assessment of satellite winds is challenging. In the current limited practice, straightforward plausibility checks on the smoothness of the retrieved wind field or tests on aggregated trends such as the mean velocity components are applied for quality control. In this study, we demonstrate additional diagnostic tools based on feature extraction from the retrieved velocity field. Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCS), such as vortices and transport barriers, guide and constrain the emergence of cloud patterns. Evaluating the alignment of the extracted LCS with the observed cloud patterns can potentially serve as a test of the retrieved wind field to adequately explain the time‐dependent dynamics. We discuss the suitability and expressiveness of direct, geometry‐based, texture‐based, and feature‐based flow visualization methods for the quality assessment of high spatiotemporal‐resolution winds through the real‐world example of an atmospheric Kármán vortex street and its laboratory archetype, the 2D cylinder flow.