bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does breathing pattern affect cerebrovascular reactivity?
Authors: Sayin Ece Su , Davidian Anahis , Levine Harrison , Venkatraghavan Lashmi , Mikulis David J. , Fisher Joseph A. , Sobczyk Olivia , Duffin James 
Published: December 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Is cerebrovascular reactivity affected by isocapnic changes in breathing pattern?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Cerebrovascular reactivity does not change with isocapnic variations in tidal volume and frequency.

AbstractDeviations of arterial carbon dioxide tension from resting values affect cerebral blood vessel tone and thereby cerebral blood flow. Arterial carbon dioxide tension also affects central respiratory chemoreceptors, adjusting respiratory drive. This coincidence raises the question: does respiratory drive also affect the cerebral blood flow response to carbon dioxide? A change in cerebral blood flow for a given change in the arterial carbon dioxide tension is defined as cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). Two studies have reached conflicting conclusions on this question, using voluntary control of breathing as a disturbing factor during measurements of CVR. Here, we address some of the methodological limitations of both studies by using sequential gas delivery and targeted control of carbon dioxide and oxygen to enable a separation of the effects of carbon dioxide on CVR from breathing vigour. We confirm that there is no detectable superimposed effect of breathing efforts on CVR.
Populations facing a nonlinear environmental gradient: Steady states and pulsating fronts
Authors: Alfaro Matthieu , Peltier Gwenaël 
Published: December 2021

We consider a population structured by a space variable and a phenotypical trait, submitted to dispersion, mutations, growth and nonlocal competition. This population is facing an environmental gradient: to survive at location [Formula: see text], an individual must have a trait close to some optimal trait [Formula: see text]. Our main focus is to understand the effect of a nonlinear environmental gradient. We thus consider a nonlocal parabolic equation for the distribution of the population, with [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. We construct steady states solutions and, when [Formula: see text] is periodic, pulsating fronts. This requires the combination of rigorous perturbation techniques based on a careful application of the implicit function theorem in rather intricate function spaces. To deal with the phenotypic trait variable [Formula: see text] we take advantage of a Hilbert basis of [Formula: see text] made of eigenfunctions of an underlying Schrödinger operator, whereas to deal with the space variable [Formula: see text] we use the Fourier series expansions. Our mathematical analysis reveals, in particular, how both the steady states solutions and the fronts (speed and profile) are distorted by the nonlinear environmental gradient, which are important biological insights.
Invariant measures for random expanding on average Saussol maps
Authors: Batayneh Fawwaz , González-Tokman Cecilia 
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we investigate the existence of random absolutely continuous invariant measures (ACIP) for random expanding on average Saussol maps in higher dimensions. This is done by the establishment of a random Lasota–Yorke inequality for the transfer operators on the space of bounded oscillation. We prove that the number of ergodic skew product ACIPs is finite and will provide an upper bound for the number of these ergodic ACIPs. This work can be seen as a generalization of the work in [F. Batayneh and C. González-Tokman, On the number of invariant measures for random expanding maps in higher dimensions, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. 41 (2021) 5887–5914] on admissible random Jabłoński maps to a more general class of higher-dimensional random maps.
Role of High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) as a Clinical Predictor of Decompensation in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease (CLD)
Authors: Rao B Harshavardhan , Nair Priya , Koshy Anoop K. , Krishnapriya S. , Greeshma C. R. , Venu Rama P. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Systemic inflammation triggered by bacterial products like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the circulation is an important factor leading to decompensation in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) has a significant role in innate immune response to LPS in the circulation and could therefore increase the risk for decompensation in patients with CLD. In this study, we have explored the role of HDL-C as a prognostic marker for decompensation. Methods. This was a prospective, observational, cohort study where consecutive patients with CLD were included. Patients with cholestatic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma were excluded. Fasting lipids were measured in all patients at the time of recruitment. Each patient was carefully followed up for development of decompensation events such as new-onset/worsening ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, or variceal bleed during follow-up. Results. A total of 170 patients were included (mean age

60
±
11.5

years,

M
:
F
=
6
:
1

). At the end of follow-up, 97/170 patients (57%) had decompensation events. Mean HDL-C levels were significantly lower among patients with decompensation (

27.5
±
15

mg/dL vs.

43.5
±
13.9

mg/dL;

p

value 0.004). Using ROC analysis, cut-off for HDL-C of 36.4 mg/dL was identified. On multivariate analysis, HDL-C (

OR
=
6.072

; 95% CI 2.39-15.39) was found to have an independent association with risk of decompensation. Conclusions. HDL-C level (<36.4 mg/dL) is a reliable marker for risk of decompensation and can be a useful addition to existing prognostic scoring systems in CLD. It can be a valuable tool to streamline treatment protocols and prioritise liver transplantation.
ЗНАЧЕННЯ РАЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ХАРЧУВАННЯ ДЛЯ ЗДОРОВ’Я ВАГІТНИХ
Authors: Лотоцька О. В. , Гавліч О. Є. 
Published: December 2021

Мета: проаналізувати дані літературних джерел щодо особливостей харчування вагітних і визначити його роль у профілактиці розвитку ускладнень вагітності та здоров’ї майбутньої дитини.
Матеріали і методи. Проведено аналіз літературних джерел щодо особливостей харчування вагітних жінок. Використано бібліосемантичний та аналітичний методи дослідження.
Результати. Для нормального розвитку плода потрібне регулярне та раціональне харчування майбутньої матері з достатньою кількістю макро- і мікроелементів. Особливо підвищується потреба в таких нутрієнтах, як залізо, йод, фолієва кислота, кальцій, магній, цинк, вітамін D тощо. Недостатнє і неповноцінне харчування може призводити не лише до уроджених вад розвитку плода, але й до інших ускладнень гестаційного процесу, таких як прееклампсія, гестаційна гіпертензія, синдром затримки росту плода, передчасні пологи тощо. У наукових літературних джерелах все ще існують протиріччя щодо середнього рекомендованого споживання енергії під час вагітності, кількості додаткового приймання вітамінів та інших макро- і мікронутрієнтів. Для нормалізації харчування усім вагітним необхідно організовувати свій раціон згідно з основними принципами так званої «Тарілки здорового харчування», яка розроблена відповідно до рекомендацій Міністерства охорони здоров’я та Гарвардської школи громадського здоров’я.
Висновки. Раціональне харчування, збалансоване за всіма харчовими продуктами, з необхідною кількістю макро- і мікронутрієнтів, є одним із найважливіших факторів, необхідних для підтримки здоров’я та забезпечення стійкості організму вагітних жінок до негативного впливу зовнішнього середовища, який дозволить знизити ризик розвитку перинатальної патології, дитячої смертності, зменшити частоту недоношеності та уроджених вад розвитку.
НОВІ МОЖЛИВОСТІ СКРИНІНГУ АТАКСІЇ-ТЕЛЕАНГІЕКТАЗІЇ
Authors: Ярема Н. М. , Боярчук О. Р. , Макух Г. В. , Костюченко Л. В. , Полякова К. О. , Кравець В. C. , Кінаш М. І. , Гаріян Т. В. , Чорномидз І. Б. 
Published: December 2021

Мета: встановити діагностичну значущість кількісного визначення рівнів TREC/KREC для раннього виявлення змін імунної системи у дітей з атаксією-телеангіектазією (АТ).
Матеріали і методи. Визначено рівні TREC/KREC методом полімеразної ланцюгової реакції у режимі реального часу в 25 дітей з АТ віком від 3 до 14 років та 173 здорових дітей контрольної групи. У дітей з АТ також проведено аналіз клінічних даних на основі медичних карт.
Результати. Встановлено низькі показники TREC-молекул у 84 % дітей з АТ, а кількість KREC була зниженою у 48 % дітей з АТ. Показники TREC-молекул були нижчі за показники KREC і між ними спостерігалася пряма кореляційна залежність y дітей з АТ (r=0,4743, p<0,05). Окрім того, встановлено зворотний зв’язок між значеннями TREC та концентрацією альфа-фетопротеїну (r=-0,5507).
Висновки. Достовірне зниження рівнів TREC/KREC у дітей з АТ свідчить про уроджені дефекти Т- і В-клітин та може бути використано для ранньої діагностики АТ. Раннє виявлення АТ у програмах масового скринінгу на тяжкі комбіновані імунодефіцити дозволяє ідентифікувати захворювання до клінічної маніфестації, провести ефективне лікування, запобігти розвитку тяжких інфекцій.
THE CONCEPT AND CURRENT TRENDS OF PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM IN UKRAINE
Authors: Shulhai A. H. , Saturska H. S. , Saturskyi O. V. , Terenda N. O. , Panchyshyn N. Ya. , Petrashyk Yu. M. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: to highlight the concept of public health system and public health services in Ukraine.
Materials and Methods. Scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization were used in order to achieve this goal.
Results. Considering in detail the functioning of public health institutions in Ukraine at the national and regional levels, we can note that to ensure the epidemiological surveillance and assessment of health and well-being of the population modern new tools were created. These tools have been used to monitor public health. The basic standards of activity and priorities are used. There are new structures, such as a clear reporting system, financing, monitoring of the quality of labor resources and rendering of services to consumers.
The current state of social programs in public health research has shown the presence of a number of theoretical, methodological, economic, organizational, legal problems. Evidence suggests that investing in public health is generally cost-effective for the health care sector, other sectors, and the economy in a broad sense. A clear position of the state is important for the further development of social programs in public health. The state created the basic conditions for the development of such programs and these conditions were important for the initial stage of their formation. It is a need for creation a regulation system of such programs, which will reflect not only tax benefits, but also other preferences for developers of such programs. Particular attention should be paid to overcome the COVID-19 pandemic, which has made significant changes to the number of chronic and acute diseases and to the public health system.
Conclusions. The adoption of the Concept for the Development of the Public Health System in Ukraine in 2016 was a driving stage in the modernization of public health in Ukraine and had a positive impact on its development. There are still problems with the need to improve the further development and modernization of the public health system in Ukraine, which ought to be addressed at the national and regional levels, taking into account the international experience of the highly efficient systems in Europe and the World.
МЕТОДИ КОРЕКЦІЇ ПОСТАВИ У ПАЦІЄНТІВ З ІДІОПАТИЧНИМ СКОЛІОЗОМ
Authors: Бесага Р. А. , Бакалюк Т. Г. 
Published: December 2021

У статті проведено аналіз реабілітаційних підходів, які застосовують для реабілітації пацієнтів з ідіопатичним сколіозом. Наведені у статті дослідження мають достатню доказову базу і можуть бути методами вибору при реабілітації пацієнтів з ідіопатичним сколіозом.
Emerging with Oddkin: Interdisciplinarity in the Animal Turn
Authors: Mattes Seven , Vincent Aviva , Whitley Cameron T. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Animals and Society Institute facilitates an annual interdisciplinary meeting of emerging scholars from around the world, encouraging attendees to interrogate what it means to be a scholar, with an emphasis on animal studies within our respective disciplines. In that vein, we assess what it means to be an emerging animal-studies scholar in three interconnected but distinct academic disciplines: anthropology, sociology, and social work. We elaborate on three dominant themes: (1) the place of animals or the “animal turn”; (2) our subjectivity and how we find unorthodox networks or what Donna Haraway refers to as our “oddkin”; (3) and our inherent roles as interdisciplinary scholars and the liminal positions we occupy, as we address complex social problems like climate change. By reflecting on how we have encountered barriers and overly strict binaries collectively and as individuals, we can begin to deconstruct these obstacles and create opportunities.
Schengen Borders and Multiple National States of Emergency: From Refugees to Terrorism to COVID-19
Authors: Guild Elspeth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The re-introduction of intra-Schengen state border controls has been a constant feature of the area since the abolition of those controls in 1995. The seriousness of the controls introduced and the justifications which have been put forward for them have varied substantially. At the moment there are three overlapping regimes of temporarily reintroduced border controls in the area: those reintroduced to counter terrorism, those reintroduced to counter so-called secondary movements (the movement of people seeking international protection within the Schengen area) and those introduced to counter the spread of COVID-19. The article examines the three frameworks of temporary controls, the justifications provided by states using them for their operation, and the response of the EU institutions.
Old Fiddle, Good Tune
Authors: Burghart Marjorie 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this article the author presents and edits a set of texts, two model sermons In capite ieiunii and two Parisian reportationes by the same preacher, Gilbert of Tournai (OFM, d. 1284), at different moments of his career. The study of those texts offers a rare insight into the mental toolbox of a preacher, showing how Gilbert was able to craft different sermons, over a number of years, by recycling, repurposing and enriching a favourite set of preaching material. This also raises the issue of transmission and transformations of the preaching material, through the prism of live performances, memory, and written records.
A. C. Mukerji on the Problem of Skepticism and Its Resolution in Neo-Vedānta
Authors: Garfield Jay L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the work of the unsung modern Indian Philosopher A. C. Mukerji, in his major works Self, Thought and Reality (1933) and The Nature of Self (1938). Mukerji constructs a skeptical challenge that emerges from the union of ideas drawn from early modern Europe, neo-Hegelian philosophy, and classical Buddhism and Vedānta. Mukerji’s worries about skepticism are important in part because they illustrate many of the creative tensions within the modern, synthetic period of Indian philosophy, and in part because they are truly profound, anticipating in interesting ways the worries that Feyerabend was to raise a few decades later. Arguing that Humean, Kantian, neo-Hegelian, and Buddhist philosophy each fail to provide an adequate account of self-knowledge, Mukerji leverages this finding to further argue that these systems fail to offer a proper account of knowledge more generally. His solution to skepticism centers on a distinctively modern interpretation of Śaṅkara’s Vedānta.
Three Formulations of Cognitive Skepticism: Nāgārjuna, Jayarāśi, and Śrīharṣa
Authors: Gokhale Pradeep P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper provides a study of the three most famous skeptical thinkers of classical India, examining both their commonalities and unique differences. Adepts of the controversial debate methodology called vitaṇḍā, “negative debate,” these thinkers manage to challenge the very possibility of knowledge, while espousing (at least nominal) allegiance to distinct schools of thought. They also pass negative judgement on the possibility of certainty while appealing to rational persuasion. This paper explores these paradoxes and possible contradictions, with a culminating reflection of the role of the “two truths,” ultimate vs. everyday perspectives.
Memorial Urban Art as an Aesthetic Experience in the City ‒ An Aesthetical Reading of War Murals in Tehran’s Urban Landscape
Authors: Mansouri Maryamalsadat , Shad Ghazvini Parisa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the city of Tehran, a series of war-themed murals, often focused on strengthening the audience’s historical memory, stand out among all types of urban art. These works of art, which are generated by the government’s order and created by different state institutions, all carry political and ideological dimensions. They are considered a source of environmental qualitative assessment and recognised as a kind of ‘urban aestheticisation’; in other words, it is a process leading to the production of value according to the ‘John Dewey’ theory. Knowing that the war artworks contain a major political dimension and are mainly created by the order of the ruling governments to ‘strengthen the audience’s historical memory’, an added quality is inevitably integrated, which in the aesthetic domain is commonly known as kitsch: taking advantage of people’s standard associations and confirming them by employing proven stereotypes and clichés, as Ortlieb and Carbon (2019b) wrote. The urban landscape as an exhibition platform is therefore important as it is the context of social events and daily life that affects the audience’s perception. John Dewey defines this perception as an aesthetic experience which takes place in the field of empirical aesthetics and begins by explaining why specific objects give pleasure or displeasure. These explanations will later be integrated into a set of principles which, in turn, will join a global system of analysis, such as Fechner’s aesthetic valuations. The aesthetic experience of war urban artworks is analysed from the observation that in the creation of these works in Tehran, the government, as the sponsor, focuses on the use of the aesthetic qualities of the kitsch. The article then presents the reading of this aesthetic experience through the analysis of a selection of works, based on evaluation criteria and indicators. The interpretation of this experience is to discover the ‘quiddity’ of the evolutions which have occurred in these works from the beginning of the war until today. The following statement highlights one of the most notable results of the research: the weakening of the art position, from a promotional state that improves the urban landscape quality, into a way of showing government’s positioning concerning the paradigms of the country.
Write Like Wittgenstein on lsd: Crisis, Self-Reflexivity, & Representation in Ethnographic Theology
Authors: Lassiter Katharine E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Questions of representation and normativity are not just methodological questions that can be solved by application of right technique. They are questions that researchers must take up by scaffolding self-reflexive movements into any ethnographic projects. This scaffolding serves as a larger project toward ethnographic theology as therapy.
Jews as Producers and Consumers of History in the Medieval Islamicate World
Authors: Lieberman Phillip I. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Jews of the medieval Islamicate world were avid consumers and producers of history. In this article, I discuss the major modes of historical writing among the Jews of the period and introduce the question of how that historical writing was used by those Jews. In considering the Sitz im Leben of historical writing, I explore the role of internal communal apologetic, anti-sectarian polemic, inter-religious attack, political support and challenge, entertainment, the contextualizing of philosophy, consolation after adversity, and preparation for eschatological redemption. I pay particular attention to the rewriting of Others’ histories – Christian, Islamic, and Jewish sectarian – and the role these often-popular rewritten histories played in medieval Jewish society. This panoply of historical writing challenges an important scholarly view that Jewish consumption of history was minimal and served a limited range of “religious” needs within the medieval Jewish community.
Trend and gender-based association of the Bangladeshi student suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic: a GIS-based nationwide distribution
Authors: Mamun Mohammed A. , Mamun Md. Al , Hosen Ismail , Ahmed Tanvir , Rayhan Istihak , al-Mamun Firoj 
Published: December 2021

Background: Students are one of the most vulnerable groups to suicide. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, a Bangladeshi study was conducted assessing their suicide patterns regarding gender-based associations. But how has the pandemic changed the Bangladeshi students’ suicide patterns is not studied yet, which is investigated herein. Besides, for the first time, this study provides GIS-based distribution of suicide cases across the country’s administrative district. Methods: As Bangladesh has no suicide surveillance system, this study utilized media reporting suicide cases following the prior studies. A total of 127 students’ suicide cases from March 2020 to March 2021 were finally analyzed after eliminating the duplicate ones, and data were synthesized following the prior studies. Arc-GIS was also used to distribute the suicide cases across the administrative district. Results: Results revealed that female (72.4%; n = 92/127) was more prone to die by suicide than males. About 42.5% of the cases were aged between 14 and 18 years (mean age 16.44 ± 3.512 years). The most common method of suicide was hanging (79.5%; n = 101), whereas relationship complexities (15.7%), being emotional (12.6%), not getting the desired one (11%), conflict with a family member (9.4%), academic failure (9.4%), mental health problem (8.7%), sexual complexities (6.3%), scolded or forbidden by parents (3.9%) were the prominent suicide causalities. In respect to gender and suicide patterns, only the suicide stressor was significantly distributed, whereas the method of suicide was significantly associated with GIS-based distribution. However, a higher number of suicide cases was documented in the capital (i.e. Dhaka) and the northern region than in its surrounding districts. Conclusions: The findings reported herein are assumed to be helpful to identify the gender-based suicide patterns and suicide-prone regions in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic to initiate suicide prevention programs of the risky students.