bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THAP1 modulates oligodendrocyte maturation by regulating ECM degradation in lysosomes
Authors: Yellajoshyula Dhananjay , Pappas Samuel S. , Rogers Abigail E. , Choudhury Biswa , Reed Xylena , Ding Jinhui , Cookson Mark R. , Shakkottai Vikram G. , Giger Roman J. , Dauer William T. 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceThe development and function of the nervous system is profoundly influenced by the interactions of neurons with glial cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM). Mechanisms regulating the maturation of oligodendroglial progenitor cells (OPCs) into myelinating cells to facilitate central nervous system myelination play an essential role in circuit plasticity, including motor learning. Our work has identified that THAP1, a transcription factor whose loss of function leads to the neurodevelopmental movement disorder DYT6 dystonia, drives OPC development by regulating the breakdown of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), essential components of the ECM. GAGs produced and secreted by OPCs act in an autocrine fashion to inhibit their lineage progression, highlighting a unique mechanism regulating the pool of mature oligodendrocytes.
Three-dimensional label-free visualization and quantification of polyhydroxyalkanoates in individual bacterial cell in its native state
Authors: Choi So Young , Oh Jeonghun , Jung JaeHwang , Park YongKeun , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: July 2021

SignificancePolyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are bacterial polyesters considered as sustainable and environmentally friendly substitutes for petroleum-based plastics. Despite great advances in PHA research, spatiotemporal characteristics of PHA granule formation and distribution in a live bacterial cell are not well understood. Here, we report the results of a three-dimensional (3D) analysis of live bacterial cells accumulating poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), the best-studied member of PHAs. Optical diffraction tomography was applied for visualizing individual cells and in vivo PHB granules and quantifying their physical properties such as weight, volume, density, and localization by measuring 3D refractive index distributions. Comparative analyses of native and recombinant PHB-producing strains revealed distinctive characteristics of PHB accumulation, providing insights into spatiotemporal localization of PHA granules in vivo.
Social change and cohort differences in group-based arrest trajectories over the last quarter-century
Authors: Neil Roland , Sampson Robert J. , Nagin Daniel S. 
Published: July 2021

SignificanceFor decades, research and policy on crime have been influenced by perspectives emphasizing that the origins of offender groups, such as chronic offenders, rest on some combination of personal traits and early-life experiences. Such explanations are incomplete, however, because they do not account for social changes that differentiate successive birth cohorts over time. Our analysis shows that arrest trajectories among cohorts separated by as little as 10 y differ markedly in ways that are not explained by individual, family, or neighborhood circumstances in childhood. Analyzing cohort differences in crime is more than an overlooked strategy; it represents a class of explanation that calls for rethinking the nature of criminal offender groups and policies predicated on early-life predictors of crime alone.
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C contributes to abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Zhang Chongyang , Zhao Hongmei , Cai Yujun , Xiong Jian , Mohan Amy , Lou Danfei , Shi Hangchuan , Zhang Yishuai , Long Xiaochun , Wang Jing , Yan Chen 
Published: July 2021

Significance
The rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has high mortality while lacking effective therapeutics to prevent aneurysm progression. Identifying the regulators underlying aneurysm pathogenesis is essential. Herein, we reported induction of PDE1C in smooth muscle cell (SMC)–like cells of human and mouse AAA. Using genetic approaches, we demonstrated a causative role of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C (PDE1C) in experimentally induced AAA. More importantly, we revealed that pharmacological PDE1 inhibition attenuated the progression of preestablished AAA. Mechanistically, PDE1C-controlled cAMP suppresses SMC senescence and AAA development through cAMP-mediated direct interaction and activation of SIRT1. Given that PDE1 inhibitors have been proposed in clinical trials, our findings may have high therapeutic significance for the potential of using PDE1 inhibitors in treating AAA.
Puccinia kuehnii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Laundon G. F. , Waterston J. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Puccinia kuehnii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Saccharum arundinaceum, S. narenga, S. officinarum, S. spontaneum
and
Sclerostachya fusca
(=
Saccharum fuscum
). DISEASE: Leaf rust of sugarcane. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread on sugarcane and related grasses in Africa (Mozambique. South Africa - Natal), Asia (Burma, Ceylon, China, India, Japan), Indian Ocean (Java), Pacific Ocean (Australia, Fiji, New Guinea, Philippines, Taiwan) (CMI Map 215).
Corynebacterium sepedonicum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hayward A. C. , Waterston J. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Corynebacterium sepedonicum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Solanum tuberosum
, also on
Solanum melongena
, other species of
Solanum
and
Lycopersicon esculentum
by inoculation (24: 164; 28: 141). DISEASE: Ring rot. A vascular wilt affecting foliage late in the growing season and producing in tubers, a creamy-yellow or light-brown, crumbly rot, which develops in the tissues immediately surrounding the vascular strands, leading usually to the formation of a ring of disorganized tissue or a gap between the cortex and the pith of the tuber. Distinguished from brown rot of potato caused by
Pseudomonas solanacearum
[Ralstonia solanacearum]
(CMI Descript. 15), by differences in tuber symptoms and in staining reactions of the two pathogens (41: 57) p. 69. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: North America, Europe, doubtful records in Asia (CMI Map 20). TRANSMISSION: By infected tubers, on contaminated cutting knives and bags, and by insects. Where the tuber is cut into seed pieces the risk of spread by the cutting knife is very great.
Xanthomonas sesami
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Hayward A. C. , Waterston J. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Xanthomonas sesami
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Sesamum orientale (Pedaliaceae
). DISEASE: Leaf spot. Stems and capsules are infected with the formation of oval, slightly raised, dark red-brown lesions. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in the Sudan, not yet confirmed elsewhere, but see
Plant Dis. Reptr
40: 236, 1956 (CMI Map 398). TRANSMISSION: Presumably splash dispersal by wind driven rain. No information on seed transmission available.
Fusarium culmorum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Booth C. , Waterston J. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Fusarium culmorum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Gramineae
and a wide range of other plant species including the following families:
Aizoaceae, Betulaceae, Brassicaceae, Campanulaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Coniferae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae, Liliaceae, Linaceae, Malvaceae, Musaceae, Palmae, Rosaceae, Saxifragaceae, Solanaceae, Violaceae, Vitaceae
. Also on fungi (
Agaricus
and
Ustilago
spp.) [Wollenweber & Reinking (1935), Gordon (34: 258; 38: 581; 40: 89) and Herb. IMI]. DISEASES: Causing cortical rots associated with a pre-emergence blight of seedlings, and a seedling blight, foot and root rot, and head blight of wheat, rye, oats and barley; also cob and stem rot of maize; brown patch of turf; foot rot of asparagus, carnation, leek and pea; and storage rots of apple, potato, sugar-beet and
Galtonia
bulbs. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa, North America, Central America & West Indies, South America, Asia, Australasia, and Europe. TRANSMISSION: Mainly soil-borne but also in stable manure or compost containing infected straw (13: 23; 14: 735; 19: 649).
Fusarium culmorum
is a soil inhabitant possessing highly competitive saprophytic ability and unusual tolerance of antibiotic effects [see Garrett (1956, 1963); Rao (1959); 34: 147; 38: 577)]. It may occur in a viable condition in soil to a depth of 50 cm. (19: 11; 13: 23), and remain viable on wheat straw buried in unsterilized soil for 2 years (38: 509). The pathogen over-winters in both mycelial and conidial stages and is highly resistant to cold (17: 305, 306). Secondary infection by air-borne spores produced on lower nodes occurs in wet weather (3: 201; 7: 710; 9: 585), but these are not carried far and have not been recorded in traps (15: 384; 38: 319).
Phytophthora hibernalis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Waterhouse G. M. , Waterston J. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phytophthora hibernalis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Citrus limon, C. medica, C. paradisi, C. reticulate
and
C. sinensis
. Also reported in association with other species of
Phytophthora
; on citrus fruit in Italy with
P. syringae
and
P. cactorum
(34: 717) and on
Sesamum indicum
with a species related to the
P. parasitica-palmivora
group in Venezuela (34: 817). DISEASE: Causing brown rot of fruit, and leaf and twig blight. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (South); Asia (Israel); Australasia & Oceania (Australia,? Fiji, New Zealand); Europe (France, Italy, Portugal, Sicily and? Spain); North America [California (U.S.A.)]; Central America & West Indies [? Antilles, listed by Cook (19: 1103) without details]; South America [Argentina (as
P
.
syringae
),? Venezuela]. (CMI Map 47) TRANSMISSION: By rain splash from soil to low hanging fruit and foliage, and by wind-borne sporangia accompanying or just following rain, to higher portions of the tree (12: 212).
Puccinia helianthi
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Laundon G. F. , Waterston J. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Puccinia helianthi
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Helianthus, Heliopsis, Iva
and
Xanthium
spp. DISEASE: Sunflower rust. On leaves and stems of sunflower and Jerusalem artichoke causing severe damage and defoliation to susceptible varieties at onset of maturity. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Common in temperate and sub-tropical regions, scarce or absent in the tropics (CMI Map 195, Ed. 2, 1959). TRANSMISSION: Urediospores and teliospores have been recorded on seed but no proof of transmission has been given (8: 791). May be carried over to next crop on stems and leaves left in the field and by teliospores on the soil surface (36: 591; 37: 498), and by volunteer plants (8: 792; 31: 187). High altitude air currents may have assisted spread of the pathogen from N. America to other parts of the world as urediospores have been found remarkably tolerant to low temperatures, remaining viable after 1, 652 days at -10°C to -22°C (40: 311; Sackston, 1960). Outbreaks of sunflower rust in Uruguay in 1956-57 were attributed to airborne spores from Argentina (37: 298). During a light wind, some 14, 000 urediospores may settle on a single sunflower leaf in 3 hr. (8: 791). Infection takes place most readily with dry urediospores, on dry leaves in a moist atmosphere (19: 161).
Ascochyta phaseolorum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sutton B. C. , Waterston J. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Ascochyta phaseolorum
[Phoma exigua
var.
exigua]
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Canavalia ensiformis, Glycine max, Lablab (Dolichos) niger, Phaseolus acutifolius, P. atropurpureus, P. aureus, P. calcaratus, P. lathyroides, P. limensis, P. lunatus, P. mungo, P. nanus, P. richardianus, P. trilobus, P. vulgaris, Vigna catjang', V. coerulea, V. sesquipedalis, V. sinensis, V. unguiculata, Voandezia subterranea
. Also by inoculation on
Althaea rosea, Cannabis sativa, Capsicum annuum, Fagopyrum sagittatum, Gossypium
spp.,
Hibiscus esculentus, Lycopersicon esculentum, Malva verticillata, Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum melongena, Vicia sativa
(Crossan, 1958; Zherbele, 1958). DISEASE: Leaf spot (or blotch) of bean. Young leaf spots are irregularly circular with grey to brown centres surrounded by a border of light green-yellow tissue. Other spots are light to dark brown and frequently zonate, marginal, terminal or discrete, cracking in the centre when the dead tissue finally drops out, 3-5 cm diam. Lesions common on pulvini result in considerable defoliation.
Ascochyta phaseolorum
causes target-spot lesions on several genera in the
Leguminosae
. Such symptoms on
Phaseolus
spp. are indistinguishable from the drab, zonate lesions of
A. boltshauseri
, but are distinct from those of
A. pinodella
L. K. Jones which are purplish-brown, indistinctly zonate and irregular, and
A. pisi
Lib. which are not zonate but light brown with a darker distinct margin. Also destructive on pods, stems and roots of seedlings. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rhodesia, Sudan, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia); Asia (China, India, Japan, Malaya, North Borneo, Pakistan, Sarawak), Australasia & Oceania (New Guinea, Solomon Is.); Europe (Denmark, Great Britain, Czechoslovakia, Netherlands, Sweden, U.S.S.R.); North America (U.S.A.); South America (Peru). TRANSMISSION: Seed borne, persisting in a viable condition for 24 years (26: 276). Viability and virulence also unimpaired after storage in culture at 1°C or 10-12°C for 20-25 months (41: 374). The pathogen may spread by infected haulms and by spores disseminated by splashing rain drops from infected seedlings. Also spread in pods of harvested plants stored in stooks in the field in cool, moist, weather (Hubbeling, 1955).
Diplodia macrospora
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sutton B. C. , Waterston J. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Diplodia macrospora
[Stenocarpella macrospora]
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Zea mays
. DISEASE: Dry rot of ears and stalks of maize. Badly diseased ears become shrivelled with the husks glued to the kernels by a white mould. Frequently associated with leaf lesions which are oval or irregular, elongate, single or confluent, pale cream brown with an indeterminate darker border, 1-10 cm long. Pycnidia are amphigenous when foliicolous. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Dahomey, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Malawi, Nigeria, Rhodesia, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togoland, Zambia); Asia (North Borneo, Philippines); Australasia (New South Wales, Queensland); Europe (Rumania); North America (United States); Central America and Caribbean (Jamaica), South America (? Argentina, Brazil). (CMI Map 227, ed. 2, 1958) TRANSMISSION: Seed and soil borne (Noble
et al., An annotated list of seed-borne diseases
, p. 76, 1958).
Aspergillus flavus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Onions A. H. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Aspergillus flavus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: The fungus normally occurs as a saprophyte in soil and on many kinds of decaying organic matter causing no economic damage or disease. However, on occasion it may act as a spoilage organism of stored seeds and grains, including
Arachis hypogaea
(groundnut),
Bertholletia excelsa
(Brazil nut),
Cicer arietinum, Cucurbita pepo, Elaeis guineensis, Oryza sativa, Phaseolus vulgaris, Sorghum
spp.,
Theobroma cacao, Triticum
spp.,
Vigna sinensis
[Vigna unguiculata]
and
Zea mays
(Herb. IMI), or become pathogenic to seedling plants as well as to man, cattle, birds and insects. DISEASES:
On man and animals
: The infection is most often pulmonary as in pigeon and turkey (Ainsworth & Austwick; RMVM 2, 1721) and captive wild birds (Ainsworth & Rewell; RMVM 1, 2090) or general as in broiler chickens (Stock,
Avian Dis
. 5: 89-93, 1961). Other types include bronchial infections, endocarditis and infections of the ear (Wolf; RMVM 1, 1095), brain, skin, nail, eye (Fazakaz; RMVM 4, 1084) and orbit in man and infection of the bovine placenta (see Austwick, 1965, p. 101).
Aspergillus flavus
is regarded as an important pathogen of insects (Austwick, 1965, p. 101-102).
On plants
: A limited amount of invasion of unblemished, intact, immature or mature groundnut pods has been recorded in the southern U.S.A. in the field. Diener
et al.
(1965) found that the invasion of overmature kernels and shells before harvest was reduced when rainfall was abundant and well distributed and when temperatures were moderate. It has been found to attack germinated groundnuts in the seed bed, particularly after injury to the seed coat or cotyledon (Clinton, 1960) and has also been reported highly pathogenic to cotton seedlings (37: 662). It has been isolated from rhizospheres of
Viciafaba
in Egypt (Herb.IMI).
Aflatoxin production
. Some strains when growing on groundnuts produce a toxin, afiatoxin. Toxic groundnuts induce disease in turkeys and ducklings (RMVM 4, 908) and Lancaster
et al.
(1961) demonstrated carcinogenic effects on rats fed on a diet containing 20% toxic groundnut meal. Aflatoxin has a large literature, see Austwick (in Raper & Fennell 1965, p. 106-109); RMVM: numerous papers, books and symposiums particularly, RMVM 4, 1731; Austwick & Ayerst, RMVM 4, 1732; 5, 1618; Wogan, 1965. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide, particularly in tropical soils.
Emericella nidulans
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Onions A. H. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Emericella nidulans
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: This fungus is common in soil and has been isolated from the rhizospheres of
Cicer arietinum
in India and
Vicia faba
in Egypt (42: 427 & Herb.IMI). It occurs on decaying vegetation and sometimes on fleshy fungi and rusts (
Collybia velutipes, Polyporus
sp.,
Puccinia versicolor
) (Herb.IMI). It has also been reported causing disease in man and animals. DISEASES: Aspergillosis:
A. nidulans
has been reported as causing pulmonary and air sac infections or man and animals, particularly of birds (Ainsworth & Rewell, RMVM 1, 2090). Also recorded as causing maduromycosis (mycoses), ear infections, mycotic abortion, onychomycosis, dermatomycosis, mandibular periotitis, Austwick, 1965; pp. 98-99, and infection of the bone (see Redmond
et al.
; RMVM 5, 1162). It has been reported to greatly increase the losses in seed germination and post-emergence of French bean seedlings caused by
Macrophomina phaseoli
[Macrophomina phaseolina]
in inoculation experiments in sterile soil (40: 343). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide, especially in warm dry soils. The diseases of man and animals, which are relatively rare, have only been recorded from isolated cases from Africa, N. & S. America and Europe.
Penicillium gladioli
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Onions A. H. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Penicillium gladioli
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Gladiolus
corms and in soil; also on
Freesia, Tigridia, Scilla, Iris, Crocus, Montbretia
and
Tritonia
.DISEASE: Storage rot of gladiolus corms. Infected corms show one, two or three deeply sunken reddish-brown, relatively large lesions up to 12 mm diam. The surface is usually covered by a membraneous skin, below which pale pink sclero˜ia may be found. Under moist conditions spore masses may be seen. The fungus has been recorded causing rot in other bulbs, e.g. freesia, tigridia, scilla, iris, crocus, montbretia and tritonia. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread where gladiolus corms are stored. It has been recorded from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and N. America. TRANSMISSION: It is not certain where the disease originates, but it has been seen at lifting time on young corms produced by infected parent corms (Moore, 1939, p. 120). The disease spreads rapidly through the storage sheds, when there is high humidity and low temperatures, but will not enter uninjured tissue.
Mucor racemosus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Sarbhoy A. K. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Mucor racemosus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: In soil etc. but frequently associated with disorders of man, animals and plants. DISEASES: Probably not a primary pathogen or perhaps non-pathogenic but very frequently associated with diseased conditions. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: World-wide. TRANSMISSION: By air-borne sporangiospores.
Pythium mamillatum
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Waterhouse G. M. , Waterston J. M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pythium mamillatum
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On
Ageratum houstonianum, Agrostis stotonifera, Allium cepa, Ananas comosus, Antirrhinum majus, Aquilegia caerulea, Avena sativa, Beta vulgaris, Brassica nigra, B. oleracea, Citrullus vulgaris, Collinsia bicolor, Cucumis sativus, Festuca duriuscula, Geum chiloense, Gossypium
sp.,
Linum usitatissimum, Medicago sativa, Papaver somniferum, Pelargonium
spp.,
Pisum sativum, Saccharum officinarum, Triticum aestivum, Viola tricolor
and in soil. Also on algae (
Cladophora
sp.,
Glorocapsa
sp.) on inoculation. DISEASE: Causes damping-off of seedlings and root rot of various hosts including the following crops, cauliflower, cotton, cocumber, flax, lucerne, mustard, oats, onion, pineapple, sugar beet, sugarcane and wheat. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Central African Republic); Australasia & Oceania (Australia, Hawaii); Europe (Germany, Great Britain, Netherlands, Sweden); North America (U.S.A.). TRANSMISSION: Soil-borne. Abundant in sandy nursery soils (44, 52). The pathogen has a restricted role as a pioneer colonizer of cultivated soil, surviving in organic matter as hyphal resting bodies (Barton, 1961). Oospore germination in response to exudates from living seedlings has also been demonstrated (Barton, 1957).