bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Mechanism of Spherical Ag-doped Polypyrrole Assisted by Complexing Agents
Authors: Wan Chuanyun , Chen Xiaoge , Liu Xiya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Highly dispersed Ag-doped PPy spherical composites can be efficiently synthesized visa oxidative polymerization of pyrrole with FeCl3 in an aqueous Ag+-containing solution in the presence of trisodium citrate, followed by concentrated ammonia treatment. However, the formation mechanisms involved in how to control the shape and how to get the metellic Ag0 need further investigation. In order to elucidate the formation mechanisms, the intermediates in different reaction stage were collected and investigated. Combining the experimental phenomenon and the structure characterization of the samples, it was found that citrate ions make a role of complexing Ag+ to produce [Ag3(C6H5O7)n+1]3n− complexes in the early reaction stage, then mainly play a role of steric stabilizer of AgCl micelles and are responsible for the shape tailoring of PPy composite as well as the reduction of Ag+ in the process of ammonia treatment. Evidently, negative-charged AgCl micelles become the main nucleation sites of pyrrole polymerization through the electrostatic attraction between the negative and positive ions. Concentrated ammonia is adopted to eliminate AgCl cores from the precursor of Ag-doped PPy composites obtained by chemical redox reaction and provides an accelerated reaction condition for reduction of Ag+ by reductants (citrate ion or pyrrole monomer). Ag-containing micelles induction method is a facial chemical method to obtain uniform Ag-doped composites and can be broadened to design other Ag-containing functional materials.
Enhanced Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal by Natural Pyrite based Constructed Wetland with Intermittent Aeration
Authors: Li Liya , Feng Jingwei , Zhang Liu , Yin Hao , Fan Chunli , Wang Zechun , Zhao Menglei , Ge Chengchang , Song Hao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Four subsurface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) filled with different substrates including ceramsite, ceramsite + pyrite, ceramsite + ferrous sulfide, and ceramsite + pyrite + ferrous sulfide (labeled as SFCW-S1, SFCW-S2, SFCW-S3, and SFCW-S4) were constructed, and the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus by these SFCWs coupled with intermittent aeration in the front section was discussed. The key findings from different substrate analyses, including nitrification and denitrification rate, enzyme activity, microbial community structure, and the X-ray diffraction, revealed the nitrogen and phosphorus removal mechanism. The results showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency for SFCW-S1 always remains the lowest, and the phosphorus removal efficiency for SFCW-S4 is recorded as the highest one. However, after controlling the dissolved oxygen by intermittent aeration in the front section of SFCWs, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiencies of SFCWs-S2 and S4 becomes higher than those of SFCW-S1, and SFCW-S3. It was noticed that the pollutants were removed mainly in the front section of the SFCWs. Both precipitation and adsorption on the substrate were the main mechanisms for phosphorus removal. A minute difference of nitrification rate and ammonia monooxygenase activity was observed in the SFCWs aeration zone. The denitrification rates, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, and electron transport system activity for SFCW-S2 and SFCW-S4 were higher than those detected for SFCW-S1 and SFCW-S3 in the non-aerated zone. Proteobacteria was the largest phyla found in the SFCWs. Moreover, Thiobacillus occupied a large proportion found in SFCW-S2, and SFCW-S4, and it played a crucial role in pyrite-driven autotrophic denitrification.
Pediatric and Adult Obesity Concern Female Health: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: yan yishang , Qu Zihao , Lv Ping-ping , Huang He-Feng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Adulthood and childhood obesity are associated with female reproductive endocrinology and gynecological cancers. However, the causality of such association is yet to be identified. Independent of inverse bias and confounding, mendelian randomization is like a random control trial where genetic groups are settled during meiosis, which could be effective to examine the causality. Methods: We carried out several Mendelian randomization trials based on combined genetic scores of 75 adult-associated and 15 child-associated BMI single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), diseases databases of several gynecological cancers and reproductive diseases from UK Biobank with 194,153 participants, using traditional inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, Weighted Median (WM) approach, MR-Egger regression and updated MR-PRESSO analysis. Results: Elevated adult-associated BMI (effect:1.003;95%CI:1.001,1.004) and child-associated BMI (effect:1.003;95%CI:1.001,1.004) genetic scores were related to higher risk of PCOS incidence by using traditional IVW method. Random IVW method showed a negative causal association between the child-associated BMI and subsequent endometriosis attack(effect:0.995;95%CI:0.991,0.999). Conclusions: Consistent with observational consequences, our findings suggested that childhood and adulthood obesity may play roles in the development of PCOS, and children obesity can elevate the possibility of PCOS but decrease the incidence of endometriosis in later life. More researches need to be conducted for further validation and potential mechanisms.
Protective Effects of Rutin Against Deltamethrin-Induced Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Rats via Regulation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis
Authors: Küçükler Sefa , Kandemir Fatih Mehmet , Özdemir Selçuk , Çomaklı Selim , Caglayan Cuneyt 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM) is a type-II pyrethroid synthetic insecticide that is extensively used for controlling mosquitoes, flies, pests, insects worldwide. Oxidative stress is one of the DLM toxicity mechanisms. This study was carried out to evaluate the likelihood protective effects of rutin (RUT), a natural antioxidant, against DLM-induced liver and kidney toxicities in rats. Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity were evaluated after the rats were treated orally with DLM (1.28 mg/kg b.w.) alone or with RUT (25 and 50 mg/kg b.w.) for 30 days. DLM administration caused an increase in lipid peroxidation level and a decrease in activities of SOD, CAT, and GPx and GSH levels in the both tissues. DLM also increased serum ALT, AST, ALP, urea, and creatinine levels, while reduced nephrine levels in rats. In addition, DLM increased the activation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways by decreasing Bcl-2 and increasing TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, p38α MAPK, COX-2, iNOS, beclin-1, Bax, and caspase-3 protein levels and/or activities. Furthermore, DLM increased mRNA expression levels of PARP-1, VEGF and immunohistochemical expressions of c-fos in the tissues. RUT treatment significantly improved all examined parameters and restored the liver and kidney histopathological and immunohistochemical alterations. These findings demonstrate that RUT could be used to ameliorate hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in DLM-induced rats.
Urbanization-Related Changes Over the Last 20 Years in Occurrence, Sources and Human Health Risks of Soil PAHs in Rural Tianjin, China
Authors: Fan Ying , Zhao Zongshan , Shi Rongguang , Li Xiaohua , Yang Yanying , Lan Jing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), one of the key pollutants in urban areas, have presented a great risk to the resident health. So far, however, studies in-depth on changes of local PAH emissions and associated health risks closely related to urbanization are scarce. Here, the concentrations of PAHs were determined in 57 surface soil samples obtained from two rural districts in 2018 in Tianjin, China. The sources, risks and the linkage between urbanization and PAH contamination of soil PAHs in 2018 were compared with the data in 2001 from a previous study to investigate the changes related to urbanization effects. The temporal changes in the concentrations and composition of PAHs for two districts were similar. The increased total concentrations of soil PAHs could be attributed to the fact that ANT and DahA became the dominated compounds, which was related to changes of the PAH sources. Results of the positive matrix factorization model suggest that the major sources of soil PAHs changed from coal combustion (32.9%), petroleum sources (32.1%), and traffic sources (22.1%) in 2001 to traffic sources (63.7%) and petroleum and biomass combustion (18.7%) in 2018. Results from incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model showed that the carcinogenic risk of soil PAHs to residents also increased from safe level to low level, and dermal contact was the prevailing pathway of PAH exposure. The increase in cancer risks were mainly related to the alterations of PAH sources.
Realisation of Pressure Sensor using one Dimensional Indium Arsenide (InAs) Based Photonic Waveguide in 3 Communication Windows
Authors: MISHRA CHANDRA SEKHAR , Nayak Manas Ranjan , Arunachalam Rajesh , Palai Gopinath 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Indium arsenide (InAs) based one dimensional photonic crystal waveguide is cautiously considered in three optical communication windows. Here, the emerging transmitted signal from one dimensional photonic structure is determined with the consideration of five types of losses (diffraction loss, reflection loss, absorption loss, propagation loss, polarisation loss). Further, the transmitted signal is obtained with respect to pressure, which ranges from 0 GPa to 5 GPa for different lattice constant of photonic structure (100 nm, 120 nm, 140 nm). Simulation upshots revealed that indium arsenide semiconductor based photonic waveguide shows an excellent outcome for pressure sensor in the three optical windows as well as different waveguide lengths.
New Records and Mitochondrial DNA Markers of Two Deep-sea eels Collected from the Western Pacific Ocean
Authors: Kim Han-Jun , han jeonghoon , Kim Byung-Jik , Lee Kyun-Woo , Hyeong Kiseong , Choi Young-Ung 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Two deep-sea eels collected from the western Pacific Ocean are described in this study. Based on their morphological characteristics, the two deep-sea eel specimens were assumed to belong to the cusk-eel family Ophidiidae and the cutthroat eel family Synaphobranchidae. To accurately identify the species of the deep-sea eel specimens, we sequenced the mitochondrial genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA)). Through molecular phylogenetic analysis based on mtDNA CO1 and 16S rRNA gene sequences, these species clustered with the genera Bassozetus and Synaphobranchus, suggesting that the deep-sea eel specimens collected are two species from the genera Bassozetus and Synaphobranchus in the western Pacific Ocean, respectively. This is the first study to report new records of the genera Bassozetus and Synaphobranchus from the western Pacific Ocean based on mitochondrial DNA markers.
A clinical and in-silico analysis of hsa-miR-21 and Growth Differentiation factor-15 expression in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Agarwal Riddhi Girdhar , Purohit Purvi , Khokhar Manoj , Modi Anupama , Bajpai Nitin Kumar , Bohra Gopal Krishna , Garg Mahendra Kumar , Sharma Praveen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Diabetic Nephropathy (DN), a microvascular complication, is a major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). GDF-15 and hsa-miR-21 are closely associated with endothelial dysfunction and inflammation.Methods: In-silico analysis was used to identify GDF-15 and insulin related protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and a common set of GDF-15 regulating transcription factors. Common targeting miRNA of GDF-15 regulating transcription factors were investigated in miRNet and TargetScan. Further, 30 type 2 DN patients and 30 healthy controls were included for clinical chemistry analysis, to analyze serum GDF-15 levels by ELISA and to evaluate the fold change expression (FCE) of circulating hsa-miR-21 by RT-PCR.Results: In the PPI network of IRS1, IRS2, INSR, IGF1R, INS, AKT1, PPARG, CEBPB, EGR1, TP53, KLF4, ATF3, GDF15, TWIST2, the common nodes between insulin and GDF-15 were identified. MicroRNA-21 was bioinformatically observed to directly target GDF-15 downregulating transcription factors KLF4, TP-53, and CEBPB. Serum GDF-15 was nearly ten (10) folds higher in DN patients (p˂0.0001) as compared to healthy controls. A positive and significant correlation of serum GDF-15 was found with HbA1c, HOMA-IR, serum urea and serum creatinine. The FCE of hsa-miR-21 was 9.18 folds higher in DN patients. Conclusion: Raised serum GDF-15 and circulating hsa-miR-21 can serve as clinically important therapeutic targets and biomarkers of progressive renal disorder.
The Usage of IoT and far off Sensor Associations and their Application in Horticulture for the Improvement of Yield Efficiency in India
Authors: GHUTKE PRATIK CHOKHOBA , Agrawal Rahul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the development of mortal civilization, farming assumes a key part. Individuals are taking a stab at giving extra endeavor likewise extraordinary ways to deal with duplicate food presentation as a result of the expanded interest for food. One such activity is the utilization of different advances for horticulture. As IoT sensors are equipped for giving horticultural field data and afterward following up based on crack information, keen cultivating is an arising term. The rising need of sustenance, in respects with total and greatness, has expanded the interest for the farming area to heighten and industrialize. The IoT is a very reassuring family of robotizations having able in giving various answers for rural modernization In this work, the development of a wise ranch structure utilizing the guaranteed winner of progressive automation including Arduino Uno, Web of Things and Remote Sensor Organization is proposed. The element of this paper is the improvement of a framework is utilized to control temperature, moistness, mugginess and furthermore the mediation of creatures through sensors to execute crops in the farming area utilizing the Arduino board in case of any distinction, following ecological conditions utilizing 3G/4G/5G/Wi-Fi modules are considered as major ingredient in achieving the yield of productive crops, and sending the SMS notification and an application notification designed similar towards producer's smart phone making use of 3G/4G/5G/Wi-Fi modules. There are a few examination issues identified with sensors and their organizations due to the meaning of sensor innovation. A portion of the significant sensor network issues for which a few arrangements have been proposed by scientists are energy requirements, restricted handling power, little memory and information security. The work fundamentally centers in investigating the requirement for remote sensors in various fields of agribusiness additionally tells the new progression in the IoT market, need of robotization in horticulture area likewise what all difficulties ranchers are confronting utilizing IoT.
Improvable Education in Palliative Care A Qualitative Research About Palliative Care Education From the Perspective of Young Physicians
Authors: Hagedorn Carolin , Tadevosyan Artashes , Mason Stephen , Elsner Frank 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

Due to i.e. demographic changes, an aging society and the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases, Palliative Care has become a relevant topic worldwide. The need for Palliative Care in Armenia is faced with inadequate care. (Undergraduate) education marks a major barrier to provide sufficient care and remains deficient. This research aimed to assess the current status of Palliative Care (undergraduate education) in Armenia and identify issues that need to be addressed.
Methods

Twenty Armenian first-year residents with different specializations were questioned in July – September 2016 regarding understanding/knowledge, experiences, self-perception of competence and expectations of Palliative Care and Palliative Care (undergraduate) education. These semi-structured interviews resulted in complete transcripts which were analyzed in a summarizing Qualitative Content Analysis subsequently.
Results

According to the interviews, Armenia’s health care system lacked sufficient Palliative Care and Palliative Care (undergraduate) education. Some topics, included in different subjects, only partially provided a clear understanding of typical Palliative Care patients/symptoms, approaches of incurable patients and missing training on breaking bad news. Challenges included emotional difficulties, communication of diagnosis/prognosis, uninformed patients and feared consequences for patients, families and physicians. Self-confidence in treating incurable patients varied. Stated wishes included increasing availability and accessibility of Palliative Care and extension of education in all levels (undergraduate, postgraduate, specialization).
Conclusions

Missing education resulted in misconceptions and ignorance of common Palliative Care concepts, expandable confidence in such situations and widely individual, varying, non-standardized approaches towards incurable patients. Palliative Care education needs to be implemented and expanded in Armenia. This research may set a base for further exploration in this field. It can be assumed that these specific results are also applicable to Palliative Care Education in other countries of the Caucasus region and beyond.
Synergistic Effects of Zn, Cu, and Ni and Bacillus Thuringiensis On the Hemocyte Count and the Antioxidant Activities of Hyphantria Cunea Drury (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) Larvae
Authors: Yanar Oğuzhan , Topkara Elif F. , Solmaz Fatma G. , Mercan Sevcan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Insects are model organisms for immunological studies. The cellular and the antioxidant enzyme responses of insects are major bioindicators against environmental stresses (metal exposure, infection, etc.). In our study, the differences in the hemocyte counts and the antioxidant enzyme activities of Hyphantria cunea larvae exposed to the different amounts of zinc, copper, and nickel and Bacillus thuringiensis infection were determined. With metal exposure, the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities increased, but the hemocyte counts decreased. Additionally, both the hemocyte counts and the enzyme activities increased with Bacillus thuringiensis infection. As a result of this study, we found that the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and the hemocyte counts varied in response to both metal exposure and bacterial infection.
The Pandemic Coping Scale – Factorial Validity and Reliability of a Brief Measure of Coping During a Pandemic
Authors: Lotzin Annett , Ketelsen Ronja , Buth Sven , Krause Linda , Ozga Ann-Kathrin , Böttche Maria , Schäfer Ingo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the factorial validity and reliability of the Pandemic Coping Scale, a new brief measure of coping behavior in response to the stressors of a pandemic. Methods: The scale was administered to N = 2,316 German participants during the COVID-19 pandemic. An exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis were applied among two random splits of the sample. The global goodness of fit (χ², RMSEA, SRMR, CFI, TLI), the local goodness of fit (factor loadings, communalities, factor reliability, discriminant validity), and test quality criteria (internal consistency, item discrimination, and difficulty) were evaluated for two models (Model 1: four-factor model; Model 2: four-factor model combined with a second-order general factor). Results: The exploratory factor analysis suggested a four-factor solution with factor loadings accounting for 44.6% of the total variance (Factor 1 ‘Healthy Lifestyle’, Factor 2 ‘Joyful Activities’, Factor 3 ‘Daily Structure’, Factor 4 ‘Prevention Adherence’). The confirmatory factor analysis showed a sufficient global fit for both specified models (Model 1: χ² (59, N =1172) = 366.97, p < .001, RMSEA = .067, SRMR = .043, CFI = .926, TLI = .902; Model 2: χ² (61, N = 1172) = 373.33, p < .001, RMSEA = .066, SRMR = .043, CFI = .925, TLI = .904). Model 1 and Model 2 did not significantly differ in their fit to the data (∆χ² (2, N = 1172) = 6.36, p = .042). Local goodness of fit indices were similar for both models and mostly showed moderate to large factor loadings, and good factor reliabilities except for ‘Prevention Adherence’. Conclusion: The Pandemic Coping Scale showed sufficient factorial validity for the four measured dimensions of coping and reliability for the scales except for ‘Prevention Adherence’ to assess coping during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The ‘Prevention Adherence’ subscale might be improved by adding items with higher item difficulties.
Key Factors Controlling Microbial Distribution on a DNAPL Source Area
Authors: Herrero Jofre , Puigserver Diana , Nijenhuis Ivonne , Kuntze Kevin , Carmona José M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The chlorinated solvents are among the common groundwater contaminants that show high complexity in their distribution in the subsoil. Microorganisms play a vital role in the natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents. Up to now, how the in situ soil microbial community responds to chlorinated solvents contamination remains unclear. In this study, the microbial community distribution within two boreholes located in the source area of perchloroethene (PCE) were investigated via terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and clone library analysis. Microbial data were related to the lithological and geochemical data and the concentration and isotopic composition of chloroethenes to stablish the key factors controlling the distribution of the microbial communities. The results indicated that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the most abundant phylums in the sediment. The statistical correlation with the environmental data proved that fine granulometry, oxygen tolerance, terminal electron acceptor processes and toxicity control microbial structure. This study improves our understanding of how the microbial community in the subsoil responds to high concentration of chlorinated solvents.
Intelligent Computing Technique Based Supervised Learning for Squeezing Flow Model
Authors: Almalki Maryam Mabrook , Alaidarous Eman Salem , Maturi Dalal , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Shoaib Muhammad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, the unsteady squeezing flow between infinite parallel plates (USF-IPP) is investigated through the intelligent computing paradigm of Levenberg-Marquard backpropagation neural networks (LMBNN). Similarity transformation introduces the fluidic system of the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). A dataset is generated based on squeezing fluid flow system USF-IPP for the LMBNN through the Runge-Kutta method by the suitable variations of Reynolds number and volume flow rate. TO attain approximation solutions for USF-IPP to different scenarios and cases of LMBNN, the operations of training, testing, and validation are prepared and then the outcomes are compared with the reference data set to ensure the suggested model's accuracy. The output of LMBNN is discussed by the mean square error, dynamics of state transition, analysis of error histograms, and regression illustrations.