bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polysaccharide‐Based Nanoparticles as Pickering Emulsifiers in Emulsion Formulations and Heterogenous Polymerization Systems
Authors: Rigg Amanda , Champagne Pascale , Cunningham Michael F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBio‐based Pickering emulsifiers are a nontoxic alternative to surfactants in emulsion formulations and heterogenous polymerizations. Recent demand for biocompatible and sustainable formulations has accelerated academic interest in polysaccharide‐based nanoparticles as Pickering emulsifiers. Despite the environmental advantages, the inherent hydrophilicity of polysaccharides and their nanoparticles limits efficiency and application range. Modification of the polysaccharide surface is often required in the development of ultrastable, functional, and water‐in‐oil (W/O) systems. Complex surface modification calls into question the sustainability of polysaccharide‐based nanoparticles and is identified as a significant barrier to commercialization. This review summarizes the use of nanocelluloses, ‐starches, and ‐chitins as Pickering emulsifiers, highlights trends and best practices in surface modification, and provides recommendations to expedite commercialization.
Mass spectrometry studies of nitrene anions
Authors: Conder Cory J. , Jawale Harshal , Wenthold Paul G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNitrene anions are a class of reactive intermediates that provide a means for studying the corresponding neutral molecules via electron photodetachment spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy. The added electron makes it possible for protected nitrene anions to be manipulated by external electric and magnetic fields of a mass spectrometer. Nitrene anions also display their own unique reactivities as reagents, which have been investigated using ion/molecule reactions. Mass spectrometry of negative ions has thereby provided information on the electronic states, reactivities, and thermochemical properties of nitrene intermediates. This review also includes a discussion of condensed‐phase nitrene anions.
Slotline‐based frequency‐reconfigurable quadrature coupler with wide tunable range and simple tuning mechanism
Authors: Pan Yu Fei , Chan Wing Shing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFrequency‐reconfigurable couplers presented before show some shortages such as limited tunable range and complex tuning mechanism. To address these problems, a frequency‐reconfigurable coupler with wide tuning range is proposed based on a slotline structure. A T‐shaped shorted feeding line with certain impedance transform is connected to each port of the coupler. Beneath the shorted end, the slotline structure is utilized to transfer the signal coupled from the feeding line. The 3‐dB quadrature coupler performance is achieved by setting different widths of the slotlines. To tune the frequency, a varactor with tuning capacitance is loaded at the center of each shorted feeding line. Equivalent circuit is given by transmission line model to verify the design concept. For demonstration, the coupler is fabricated and measured. Good agreements between the simulation and measurement and a wide frequency tunable range from 1.2 to 2.6 GHz are achieved based on a single tuning mechanism.
A compact triband circularly polarized meander‐loaded monopole antenna
Authors: Singh Maharana Pratap , Jaiswal Rahul Kumar , Srivastava Kumar Vaibhav , Ghosh Saptarshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this letter, a miniaturized triband printed monopole antenna with circular polarization (CP) characteristic has been designed and demonstrated. The proposed geometry is comprised of two orthogonal stubs and one meander pattern on the top layer and a defected ground plane. By carefully designing the top and bottom layer topologies, the antenna is made significantly compact having an overall size of 0.26λ × 0.28λ × 0.017λ, where λ denotes the free space wavelength at the lowest CP frequency. The geometry exhibits a wide 10‐dB impedance bandwidth of 53.63% (3.22–5.58 GHz) covering three distinct CP resonances appearing at 3.30, 4.50, and 5.40 GHz. The structure has been fabricated and the measured responses show a reasonable agreement with the simulated results. The proposed antenna has a simple topology, broadside radiation, moderate gain, and an improved miniaturization performance as compared to the earlier reported multi‐band CP antennas.
The macromolecular MR spectrum does not change with healthy aging
Authors: Hui Steve C. N. , Gong Tao , Zöllner Helge J. , Song Yulu , Murali‐Manohar Saipavitra , Oeltzschner Georg , Mikkelsen Mark , Tapper Sofie , Chen Yufan , Saleh Muhammad G. , Porges Eric C. , Chen Weibo , Wang Guangbin , Edden Richard A. E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo acquire the mobile macromolecule (MM) spectrum from healthy participants, and to investigate changes in the signals with age and sex.Methods102 volunteers (49 M/53 F) between 20 and 69 years were recruited for in vivo data acquisition in the centrum semiovale (CSO) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Spectral data were acquired at 3T using PRESS localization with a voxel size of 30 × 26 × 26 mm3, pre‐inversion (TR/TI 2000/600 ms) and CHESS water suppression. Metabolite‐nulled spectra were modeled to eliminate residual metabolite signals, which were then subtracted out to yield a “clean” MM spectrum using the Osprey software. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated between integrals and age for the 14 MM signals. One‐way ANOVA was performed to determine differences between age groups. An independent t‐test was carried out to determine differences between sexes.ResultsMM spectra were successfully acquired in 99 (CSO) and 96 (PCC) of 102 subjects. No significant correlations were seen between age and MM signals. One‐way ANOVA also suggested no age‐group differences for any MM peak (all p > .004). No differences were observed between sex groups. WM and GM voxel fractions showed a significant (p < .05) negative linear association with age in the WM‐predominant CSO (R = –0.29) and GM‐predominant PCC regions (R = –0.57) respectively while CSF increased significantly with age in both regions.ConclusionOur findings suggest that a pre‐defined MM basis function can be used for linear combination modeling of metabolite data from different age and sex groups.
Electrically Pumped QD Light Emission from LEDs to Lasers
Authors: Wu Longjia , Geiregat Pieter , Liu Wenyong , Lu Zizhe , Yan Yiran , Lin Xiongfeng , Moreels Iwan , Yan Xiaolin , Hens Zeger , Yang Yixing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs part of visible wavelength light‐emitting QLEDs' palpable progress, luminance efficiency and device operation stabilities for both red and green wavelengths are now viable for commercial display applications.
Use of health locus of control on self‐management and HbA1c in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhu Lingxiao , Shi Qifang , Zeng Yue , Ma Tong , Li Haomiao , Kuerban Dilihumaer , Hamal Sarita , Li Meng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the effects of health locus of control‐based education programme (HLCEP) on self‐management, health locus of control and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).DesignQuasi‐experimental study.MethodsThe study recruited 120 T2DM participants from May–September 2020. The control group received one‐week in‐hospital care and 12‐week follow‐up. The intervention group received additional HLCEP. The self‐management and the health locus of control were measured by using the Summary of Diabetes Self‐care Activities and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control at baseline and the 4th and 12th week after discharge. The HbA1c was collected at baseline and the 12th week after discharge. The generalized estimating equation analysis was performed to assess the intervention effects.ResultsThe intervention group has statistically significantly higher scores on the overall level of self‐management, dietary management, foot care, medication management and internal health locus of control, while a lower HbA1c level than the control group.
Development of a drone‐borne electromagnetic survey system for searching for buried vehicles and soil resistivity mapping
Authors: Mitsuhata Yuji , Ueda Takumi , Kamimura Akiya , Kato Shin , Takeuchi Atsushi , Aduma Chikara , Yokota Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTWe developed a drone‐borne electromagnetic survey system using a commercial multi‐frequency electromagnetic sensor equipped with a GPS receiver, a WiFi serial transceiver, and an ultrasonic distance sensor to measure the height of the electromagnetic sensor above the ground surface. The electromagnetic sensor was suspended from a drone with ropes. The distance between the drone and the electromagnetic sensor was adjusted to minimize the influence of electromagnetic noise generated by the drone, and to stabilize the electromagnetic sensor during flight. The system was tested at two experimental sites. The first site consisted of two buried vehicles to simulate a landslide. We assumed a scenario in which the search for the buried vehicles was urgent and accessibility to the area was limited. The second site consisted of wet and dry agricultural fields to test resistivity mapping. In the first test, we used the in‐phase component of the measured data to locate the vehicles. The shallower vehicle was identified clearly, while the deeper vehicle was located successfully, albeit less easily. In the second test, the quadrature component was used for one‐dimensional inversion after data processing, which included data smoothing, resampling and bias noise correction. The bias noise was measured while hovering the drone at a high altitude to negate the influence of ground conductivity. The results showed that the resistivity distributions could be mapped at some depths by using a five‐frequency‐processed quadrature component, and clearly showed the difference between the wet and dry fields. The crucial parameter in the evaluations of these targets was the height of the electromagnetic sensor above the ground surface, which was measured continuously during flight. The results demonstrated the potential of the survey system to search for buried metal objects and for shallow subsurface resistivity mapping over relatively large areas.
International media coverage of the Bolivian jaguar trade
Authors: Li Yuhan , Arias Melissa , Hinsley Amy , Milner‐Gulland Eleanor Jane 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

The trade in jaguar body parts is viewed as an alarming threat to the jaguar, and there is the assumption that Chinese demand is driving the trade. However, there has been little analysis of the discourses around the trade both with respect to the Chinese public, internationally and in source countries.

We analysed 298 media articles in Chinese, English and Spanish languages from 2010 to 2019, to understand the disparities in reporting of this jaguar trade and what impact they would have for jaguar conservation.

Temporal analysis showed that this trade did not receive global media attention until 2018, despite having taken place for a couple of years. Only four (teeth, skin, head and claws) out of the 15 body parts reported to have been traded had evidence of trade based on seizures.

Jaguars were viewed positively, while the experiences of local people who suffer losses from coexisting with jaguars were rarely captured. The claim that the trade was Chinese driven was strongly and positively associated with whether seizure and arrest evidence was presented in an article, though articles held different views on if Chinese companies were involved. English‐ and Spanish‐language articles stated that traditional Chinese medicine was the main use of the jaguar body parts and were more likely to mention that this trade was Chinese driven while journalistic investigations and narratives from within China were missing.

This research highlights the evidence gap with respect to media coverage of the jaguar trade, and stresses the need to collaborate with stakeholders whose voices are less prominent in the articles analysed, such as Chinese communities and local people who live around jaguars.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Participatory mapping reveals biocultural and nature values in the shared landscape of a Nordic UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
Authors: Cusens Jarrod , Barraclough Alicia M. D. , Måren Inger Elisabeth 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Making the right decisions for sustainable development requires sound knowledge of the values and spatial distribution of the services co‐produced by ecosystems and people. UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere programme and associated Biosphere Reserves (BRs) are key learning sites or model regions for sustainable development providing key entry points for transdisciplinary work on sustainable development. However, there is limited research exploring spatial distribution of socio‐cultural Ecosystem Service (ES) values in BRs and how those values vary according to the BR zonation.

We used a transdisciplinary approach to design and implement a public participation geographical information systems (PPGIS) survey in a recently designated BR to (a) asses the spatial distribution of ES values in the different zones, (b) identify hotspots of ES values, (c) identify spatial bundles of ES values and (d) assess the social‐ecological characteristics that determine the distribution of those values.

We found that stakeholders identify high biocultural ES values, mapping predominantly places for outdoor recreation, biodiversity, agricultural products and cultural heritage. Buffer zones had high agricultural and cultural heritage values while extractive values were largely absent from cores zones. We identified five spatial ES‐value bundles highlighting distinct places important for ES values related to ‘multifunctional landscapes’ located close to settlements, ‘cultural landscapes’ associated with agricultural land, ‘wild animal resources’ along the coastlines, ‘outdoor recreation and biodiversity’ and ‘passive cultural values’ widely distributed in high and moderately populated areas.

We found that accessibility was important for ES values and that people value nature close to where they live. We show the importance of biocultural values in the region, and agricultural landscapes were highly valued for multiple ES values beyond agricultural products alone.

We show that BRs have become places that link cultural heritage, agricultural and biodiversity values in multifunctional landscapes. We put our findings into the local context and suggest how they can inform land‐use planning and management through policies aimed at maintaining key agricultural landscapes that provide social‐ecological resilience. Additionally, we discuss the value of our study for the wider BR network and how similar work can contribute to monitoring of BR implementation.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Influence of particle size on inhomogeneity in rubber compositions of NR/BR blend wear particles by single particle analysis
Authors: Chae Eunji , Choi Sung‐Seen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTire wear particle has been considered as one of environmental pollution sources and its sizes are widely ranged from PM2.5 to several hundred micrometer (μm). A bus tire tread is generally composed of NR and BR. In the present work, difference in the rubber compositions of wear particles of a model bus tire tread compound (NR/BR = 80/20) depending on the particle size was investigated by the single particle analysis using Py‐GC/MS. The wear particles were obtained using a laboratory abrasion tester. The wear particles were separated by size using a sieve shaker and those of 212–500, 106–212, and 63–106 μm were used. The rubber composition of each single particle was determined using the principal pyrolysis product ratio of 4‐vinylcyclohexene and dipentene produced from BR and NR, respectively. For the wear particles of 212–500 μm, the rubber compositions were nearly the same to the bulk (the abrasion specimen) and the differences among them were small. But the rubber compositions of the wear particles of below 212 μm were different each other. Some wear particles of 106–212 μm had very high BR composition above 70 wt%. For the wear particles of 63–106 μm, some wear particles had very low BR composition of nearly to zero BR. Difference in the rubber compositions from the bulk tended to be larger by decreasing the wear particle size. The analytical results were explained by the distribution of BR in NR and abrasion position.
Changes in executive function in pediatric brain tumor survivors
Authors: Peterson Rachel K. , Jacobson Lisa A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivePediatric oncology survivors are at risk for executive function (EF) and working memory (WM) deficits, which can be measured via performance‐based measures or rating scales. Previous studies have shown these measurement methods to be weakly correlated. This study aimed to describe parent‐rated EF and performance‐based WM (PBWM) in pediatric brain tumor (BT) survivors, examine change in EF and PBWM across time, and investigate the relationship between parent‐rated WM and PBWM.MethodThe sample included 56 patients diagnosed with a BT in childhood (Mage = 6.94 years; SD = 4.05) seen twice for clinical neuropsychological evaluation. PBWM was examined via the auditory WM scale from a Wechsler intelligence measure or Differential Ability Scales‐II. Parents completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)/BRIEF‐P/BRIEF‐2 as a measure of global EF (Global Executive Composite [GEC]), metacognitive skills (Metacognitive Index/Cognitive Regulation Index [MI/CRI]), behavioral regulation (Behavior Regulation Index [BRI]), and emotional regulation (Emotion Regulation Index [ERI]).ResultsGEC, MI/CRI, and ERI at Time 1 were significantly above the mean (p < .01); BRI and PBWM did not differ from the normative mean. All measures were significantly higher than the normative mean at Time 2 (p < .05). PBWM was both clinically and statistically elevated (p < .001). There was a significant change across time in PBWM (p < .05), but not GEC, MI/CRI, ERI, or BRI. PBWM was weakly correlated with the BRIEF WM subscale at Time 1 and Time 2 (all p > .05).ConclusionsMultiple measures of EF should be considered when providing diagnoses and recommendations for pediatric BT survivors. Furthermore, given declines across time, findings document need for continued monitoring and reassessment of survivors as they get further out from treatment.
Omega 3 fatty acids can reduce early doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: El Amrousy Doaa , El‐Afify Dalia , Khedr Rasha , Ibrahim Ashraf Mohamed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesOmega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are dietary factors with several beneficial cardiovascular effects. This study aimed to assess the possible protective effect of omega 3 fatty acids on early doxorubicin‐induced cardiac toxicity in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Patients and methodsSixty children of newly diagnosed ALL were randomized into two groups: group I (n = 30) who received omega 3 fatty acids 1000 mg/day for 6 months in addition to their usual protocol of chemotherapy including doxorubicin; and group II (n = 30) who received their usual doxorubicin protocol during the period from February 2020 till August 2021. Echocardiographic examinations were performed before and after the treatment. Glutathione, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), troponin I, creatine kinase MB (CK‐MB), and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) were measured also before and after omega 3 treatment.ResultsAfter 6 months of omega 3 administration, group I had a significantly lower MDA level and a significantly higher glutathione and SOD levels than group II. Similarly, the levels of troponin I, CK‐MB, and NT‐proBNP were significantly high in group II, whereas they were unchanged in group I after treatment. Similarly, systolic function (presented with peak mitral annular systolic velocity and two‐dimensional global longitudinal strain) of the heart was preserved in omega 3‐treated patients, unlike the control group that showed significant impairment of left ventricular function after 6 months.ConclusionOmega 3 fatty acids may decrease early cardiac injury and doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity in children with ALL.
Cystic fibrosis newborn screening: Five‐year experience from a tertiary care center
Authors: Nayir Buyuksahin Halime , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Ozsezen Beste , Ademhan Tural Dilber , Sunman Birce , Guzelkas Ismail , Tezel Basak , Dayangaç Erden Didem , Yalçın Ebru , Dogru Deniz , Ozcelik Ugur , Kiper Nural 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundNewborn screening (NBS) for cystic fibrosis (CF) was implemented in our country on January 1, 2015, based on immunoreactive trypsinogen tests (IRT/IRT). Here, we aimed to evaluate the diagnoses of patients and follow‐up process within the first 5 years of NBS from a tertiary care center.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who were admitted to our pediatric pulmonology department for sweat test (ST) via NBS. Patients with CF with negative NBS results and those with CF with positive NBS and joined our follow‐up were also investigated. Clinical outcome measures were compared between patients with CF with positive and negative NBS.ResultsSix hundred sixty infants who were referred for ST via NBS were included. Across the entire study population (n = 683), 11.4% of patients had CF (14.1% of had negative NBS in this CF group). The sensitivity of NBS was found as 84.9% and the positive predictive value (PPV) was 9.4%. The median age at diagnosis was older (p < 0.001), reluctance for feeding and Pseudobartter syndrome (PBS) were significantly higher at presentation in the negative NBS group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding weight‐for‐age (p = 0.899) and height‐for‐age (p = 0.491) in the first 2 years' follow‐ups.ConclusionsOur findings showed the low sensitivity and PPV of NBS; therefore, further studies based on all patients in our country are necessary for new cut‐off values. PBS and reluctance for feeding should be alarm symptoms for CF even if the infants had negative NBS. Additionally, later diagnosis of patients who had negative NBS did not affect the nutritional outcomes; we need large‐scale prospective studies to optimize nutritional benefits for all infants diagnosed via NBS.