bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality Assessment of Clinical Trials Included in Cochrane Oral Health Systematic Reviews
Authors: Sofi-Mahmudi Ahmad , Iranparvar Pouria , Shakiba Maryam , Shamsoddin Erfan , Mohammad-Rahimi Hossein , Naseri Sadaf , Motie Parisa , Mesgarpour Bita 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Risk of Bias (RoB) and other characteristics of randomised clinical trials included in Cochrane oral health systematic reviews were assessed.Methods: All the trials included in Cochrane oral health systematic reviews were identified and examined. The RoB was evaluated for all the included clinical trials according to the Cochrane review standards. The Overall Risk of Bias (ORoB) was defined in this study based on the criteria in Cochrane’s RoB tool-v2. Descriptive analyses were carried out to determine the frequency of each intended variable.Results: In a total of 2565 included studies, the majority (n=1600) had 50 or higher sample sizes. As for blinding, 907 studies were labelled as double-blind. Performance bias showed the highest rate of high risk (31.4%). Almost half of the studies had a high ORoB compared to 11.1% with low ORoB. The studies that used placebos had higher low ORoB (14.8% vs 10.7%). The double-blind studies had the highest low ORoB (23.6%). The studies with a cross-over design had the highest low ORoB (28.8%).Conclusion: The RoB of oral health studies in Cochrane reviews was deemed high. Special efforts may be required to improve conducting and reporting of trials in this area.
Chronic Diseases in the Geriatric Population: Morbidity and use of Primary Care Services According to Risk Level.
Authors: Cortes Jaime Barrio , Reguillo Almudena Castaño , Martínez María Teresa Beca , Oliveira Mariana Bandeira de , Rodríguez María Carmen López , Sisó María Ángeles Jaime 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Geriatric patients have significant morbidity and greater needs for care and assistance. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics, morbidity, and use of services in primary care (PC) of patients with chronic diseases older than 65 years according to their risk level assigned by the adjusted morbidity groups (AMG) and to analyse the factors associated with the use of PC services.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive observational study. Patients older than 65 years from a basic health area, classified as chronically ill by the AMG classification system of the PC electronic medical record of the Community of Madrid, were included. Sociodemographic, clinical-care, and PC service utilization variables were collected. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were done.Results: A total of 3,292 chronic patients older than 65 years were identified, of whom 1,628 (49.5%) were low risk, 1,293 (39.3%) were medium risk and 371 (11.3%) were high risk. Their mean age was 78.1 (SD=8.1) years and 2,167 (65.8%) were women. Their mean number of chronic diseases was 3.8 (SD=2), 89.4% had multimorbidity and 1,550 (47.1%) were polymedicated. The mean number of contacts/year with PC was 19.5 (SD=18.2) [men: 19.4 (SD=19.8); women: 19.5 (SD=17.4)]. The mean number of contacts/year in people over 85 years was 25.2 (SD=19.6); in people 76-85 years old, it was 22.1 (SD= 20.3); and in people 66-75 years old, it was 14.5 (SD=13.9). The factors associated with greater use of services were age (B coefficient [BC]= 0.3; 95%CI= 0.2 – 0.4), high risk level (BC=1.9; 95%CI =0.4 – 3.2), weight of complexity (BC=0.7; 95%CI=0.5 – 0.8), and ≥ 4 chronic diseases (BC=0.7; 95%CI=0.3 – 1.1).Conclusions: In the geriatric population, we found a high number of patients with chronic diseases and there were three levels of risk by AMG with differences in characteristics, morbidity, and use of PC services. The greatest use of services was by patients with older age, high risk level, greater weight of complexity and ≥ 4 chronic diseases. Further research is needed to develop an intervention model more adapted to the reality of the geriatric population based on risk levels by AMG.
Prevalence of Betanodavirus in Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) for All Production Stages in Turkey
Authors: KAPLAN Murat , KARAOĞLU Mehmet Taner 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) is one of the most important problems in sea bass aquaculture. Although there are many studies in the world on detection and molecular characterization of betanodaviruses causative agent of VNN, there are not enough studies related to prevalance to provide epidemiological maps. The purpose of this study was to investigate the betanodavirus prevalence in all bass hatcheries actively operating and in some farms in Turkey by RT-qPCR. A total of 2460 samples including fertilized egg, prelarva, postlarva, and fingerling were collected from 16 hatcheries as covering all production stages. A total of 600 sea bass were also collected from 20 farms. Betanodavirus was detected in a hatchery and a farm in fingerling sized sea bass and prevalances were found to be 6.25% and 5%, respectively. Virus isolation initially could not be achieved in E-11 but later SSN-1. Partial genome analysis of both RNA1 and RNA2 segments of the viruses, revealed that they were Redspotted grouper nervous necrosis virus genotype endemic in the Mediterranean basin. The absence of mortality related to VNN in the hatchery and farm, the healthy appearance of the sea bass, the low viral load detected and also output of retrospective epidemiological studies indicate that the infection is subclinical. Not detecting betanodavirus in other age groups where biosafety is implemented indicates that there is no active infection. In the light of these findings, it can be concluded that there are no circulating betanodavirus in hatcheries and the detected virus could be of sea-water origin.
The Sensitivity of River Catchments to Dissolved Organic Carbon Release During Rain Events - A Study of Eight Catchments in Southern Patagonia
Authors: Pérez-Rodríguez Marta , Biester Harald 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Understanding the role of catchment properties is crucial for anticipating soil-derived dissolved organic carbon (DOC) export to aquatic systems, especially under changing climatic conditions. We present natural variations in DOC concentrations and fluxes in eight catchments differing in size (3 – 300 km 2 ), morphology (very steep to flat), and landscape type (Patagonian steppe, forest and peatland) along a steep precipitation gradient in remote pristine southern Patagonia, Chile. Discharge, precipitation and water chemical parameters were used to differentiate the mechanisms controlling DOC release in different catchment types. The results show large differences between catchments in terms of DOC concentrations (2 - 47 mg L -1 ) and fluxes (1 to 44 tons km -2 yr -1 ) but also in response to changes in precipitation. Small steep and forested catchments are the most reactive in terms of DOC export; specifically, changes in discharge produce fast, high and exponential increases in DOC release. DOC leaching by surface run-off through the organic soil layer is the main source of DOC during high precipitation events, and steep catchments became short-term hotspots for DOC export. In the flat catchments of the Patagonian steppe, the generally lower precipitation rates favour temporal accumulation of DOC in soils, and seasonal high discharge events produce one-off increases in DOC fluxes. Although peatlands constitute a large and continuous source of DOC export, the influence of discharge variation on DOC fluxes in peatland-dominated catchments appears to be low, despite the large carbon pools. Thus, in DOC catchments with similar precipitation regimes, morphology is the dominant factor determining ecosystem responses, where the steepest catchments show the highest sensitivity to rain events in terms of DOC export. Morphology and hydrological buffer capacity rather than the size of the carbon pools or precipitation intensity determine the export of DOC from catchments during strong rain events.
A Case of Acute Ischemic Stroke Associated with Hookworm Anemia.
Authors: Ke Jiang-qiong , Huang Huicong , Zhou Guangyao , Li Yan , Shao Shengmin , Fu Fangwang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Hookworm disease discovered in a patient presenting with cerebral infarction due to severe iron-deficiency anemia and confirmed by gastroduodenoscopy has not been reported especially with negative stool routine. Case presentation: We report a male patient who presented himself to us with acute cerebral stroke verified as hookworm disease. Routine laboratory tests revealed low Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration but stool routine and occult blood test were normal. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed left-sided parietal-occipital lobe and centrum semiovale (“watershed”) infarction verified the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke. Bone marrow aspiration showed proliferative bone marrow image with obvious red system hyperplasia. Gastroduodenoscopy discovered adult hematophagic hookworms in the bulb and descending part of duodenum of the patient. A series of conservative drug treatment was initiated and the patient was subsequently treated with albendazole after the gastroduodenoscopy. Twenty-five days later, the patient's physical function improved gradually and he was discharged without neurological deficit. Conclusion: Hookworm disease could be manifest in acute ischemic stroke. It was concluded that patients with severe iron-deficiency anemia should also be examined for rare intestinal parasitic diseases. Screening for these intestinal parasitic diseases in patients presenting with cerebral infarction and anemia could effectively avoid misdiagnosis and make increase the efficacy of treatment.
A Machine Learning Approach to Predict Body Composition in Advanced Cancer Patients.
Authors: Morgado Pablo Cresta , Navigante Alfredo , Pérez Adriana 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND:Body composition and its changes affect cancer patient outcomes. Its determination requires specific and expensive devices. We designed a study to evaluate machine learning approaches to predict fat and skeletal muscle mass using daily practice clinical variables.METHODS:We designed a cross-sectional study in advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients. Response variables were skeletal muscle mass and body fat mass, measured by bioimpedance analysis. Predictors were laboratory and anthropometric variables. Imputation methods were applied. Six approaches were analyzed: (1) multicollinearity analysis, best subset selection (BSS) and multiple linear regression; (2) multicollinearity, BSS and generalized additive models (GAM); (3) multicollinearity, lasso to perform variable selection and GAM; (4) ridge regression; (5) lasso regression; (6) random forest. Model selection was performed evaluating the Mean Squared Error calculated by leave-one-out cross-validation.RESULTS:We included 101 patients under chemotherapy treatment. For skeletal muscle mass, the best approach was the combination of multicollinearity analysis followed by BSS and GAM using smoothing splines with 6 variables (albumin, Hb, height, weight, sex, lymphocytes). The adjusted R2 was 0.895. The best approach for fat mass was multicollinearity analysis, variable selection by lasso, and GAM using smoothing splines with 3 variables (waist-hip ratio, weight, sex). The adjusted R2 was 0.917.CONCLUSION:We developed the first accurate predictive models for body composition in cancer patients applying daily practice clinical variables. This study shows that machine learning is a useful tool to apply in body composition. This is a starting point to evaluate these approaches in research and clinical practice.
The Experience of Taking Medication to Prevent a Further Heart Attack: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Piekarz Hannah , Donyai Parastou , Langran Catherine 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Following an acute myocardial infarction, patients are prescribed a regime of cardio-protective medication to prevent recurrent cardiovascular events and mortality. Adherence to medication is poor in this patient group, and not fully understood. Current interventions have made limited improvements but are based upon presumed principles. Objective To describe the phenomenon of medicine-taking for an individual taking medication for secondary prevention for an AMI. Setting Four participants from the community in the South-East of England, taking medication following an AMI, were recruited from local publicity. Method Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used to analyse transcriptions of semi-structured interviews with participants. Main Outcome Measure Themes were generated for each participant, then summarised across participants. Results Five key themes were produced; the participants needed to compare themselves to others, showed that knowledge of their medicines was important to them, discussed how the future was an unknown entity for them, had assimilated their medicines into their lives, and expressed how an upset to their routine reduced their ability to take medication. Conclusion Participants described complex factors and personal adaptations to taking their medication. This suggests that a patient-centred approach is appropriate for adherence work, and these themes could inform clinical practice to better support patients in their medicine adherence.
Ultrasound-guided Nusinersen Administration for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patients With Severe Scoliosis: a Retrospective Single-arm Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Cui Xulei , Chen Si , Dai Yi , Huang Yuguang , Zhang Shuyang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis observational study describes our experience delivering nusinersen through lumbar puncture with real-time ultrasound guidance in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients with severe scoliosis.ResultsIntrathecal nusinersen via real-time ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture was given to 3 patients who had severe thoracic and lumbar scoliosis: a 34-year-old female with type 3 SMA, a 28-year-old male with type 2 SMA, and a 14-year-old girl with type 3 SMA. Lumbar puncture was performed without sedation under ultrasound guidance using a 22G echogenic needle in the interlaminar aspect of the L4-L5 or L5-S1 interspace and a full dose of nusinersen (12 mg/5 mL) was injected after visualizing free cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. Patients completed their 4 loading doses and 1 maintenance dose of nusinersen. All 15 procedures were successful and well tolerated.ConclusionsReal-time ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture is an effective and radiation-free technique to administer intrathecal nusinersen in SMA patients with severe scoliosis when done by practitioners with expertise in this procedure.
ZBTB28 induce autophagy via regulating FIP200 and Bcl-XL to facilitate apoptosis of cervical cancer
Authors: Li Li , Gong YiJia , Xu Ke , Chen WeiHong , Xia JiuYi , Cheng ZhaoBo , Li Lili , Yu RenJie , Mu JunHao , Le Xin , Xiang Qin , Peng WeiYan , Tang JunYing , Xiang Tingxiu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCervical cancer is a type of cancer with the highest morbidity among the common preventable cancers in women. It is curable if detected in early stage. This kind of carcinoma is in need of reliable diagnostic and prognostic markers that involved in the regulation of its physiologic and pathological processes. However, the functions and mechanism of ZBTB28 in cervical cancer remain unclear.MethodsPublic database analysis, reverse-transcription PCR, and methylation-specific PCR were employed to analyze ZBTB28 expression and methylation. Tumor cellular functions were assessed via corresponding cellular and molecular biological approaches in vitro and in vivo.ResultsOur study contributed to the anti-tumor effect of transcription factor ZBTB28 which is often silenced in cervical cancer due to promoter CpG methylation. Via molecular and cellular approaches, we found that ectopic expression of ZBTB28 directly affected the biological function of cervical cancer including cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy and tumorigenesis, as well as chemosensitivity to Paclitaxel, Cisplatin and 5-FU. Ectopic ZBTB28 expression inhibited the growth of cervical cancer xenografts in nude mice. Furthermore, the electron microscopic photograph showed that ZBTB28 could induce the autophagosome in cervical cancer cells. ZBTB28 resulted in autophagy through degradation of Bcl-XL and reduction of the Bcl-XL–BECN1 complex, but also interacted with autophagy-related gene FIP200. It is worth noticing that ZBTB28-induced autophagy of cervical cancer to mediate cell apoptosis through the regulation of FIP200.ConclusionOur findings enriched the functional diversity of ZBTB28 as a tumor suppressor gene, also illustrated that ZBTB28 could lead to autophagy-related apoptosis in cervical cancer, implying that ZBTB28 may be a target for the treatment of carcinoma of uterine cervix, and detection of ZBTB28 methylation can offer a new objective strategy for screening of cervical cancer.
Two cases of primary leiomyosarcoma of sigmoid colon treated with laparoscopic surgery: a case report and a review of literature
Authors: Bananzadeh Ali-Mohammad , Mokhtari Maral , Sohooli Maryam , Shekouhi Ramin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the colon is an unbelievably rare and highly invasive tumor arising from the muscularis propria of the gastrointestinal tract. After the introduction of the oncogenic role of KIT by immunohistochemistry (IHC), the reported cases of gastrointestinal leiomyosarcoma were limited. True LMS of the colon is such a rare disorder that there isn’t enough description of its nature. The classical colon LMS presents with a vast majority of non-specific symptoms including mild abdominal pain, fresh/obscure rectal bleeding, and weight loss. Case presentation: we experienced two extremely rare cases of colonic LMS. First patient was a 48-year-old man referred to our surgical outpatient clinic with mild intermittent abdominal pain and occasional rectal bleeding. After the initial investigation patient underwent colonoscopy that was suggestive of a large polypoid mass in 15 centimeters from the anal verge. Histopathology and Subsequent immunohistochemistry were in favor of LMS of sigmoid colon, and he underwent Laparoscopic anterior resection. The second patient was a 49-year-old man with 3-month history of fatigue, melena, and unintentional weight loss. Colonoscopy revealed a large circumferential mass in sigmoid colon 40 cm from the anal verge with the diagnosis of LMS. He underwent Laparoscopic left hemicolectomy. Conclusion: Herein, we reported two rare cases of primary leiomyosarcoma of sigmoid colon treated with laparoscopic surgery. The tumors were surgically removed via laparoscopic approach. Overall, colonic LMS is a highly invasive neoplasm with poor oncologic outcome.
A miniaturized sensing device with ionically imprinted nanostructured films for the ultrasensitive detection of ions
Authors: Ruiz Antonio , Cao Xun , Huang Yizhong , Choy Kwang-Leong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The detection of ions is essential for a wide range of applications including biomedical diagnosis, and environmental monitoring among others. However, current ion sensors are based on thick sensing films (typically 100 µm), requiring time-consuming preparations, and have a thermodynamic limit to their sensitivity of 59 mV.Log[C]-1. Such configuration hinders the development of high-performance ion sensors due to the inherent limitations of the bulk diffusion of ions inside sensors. Consequently, they cannot be applied for high-precision applications that require high sensitivity. Furthermore, the research of anion monitoring is hampered due to the limited availability of molecular receptors with acceptable performances. We overcome such limitations by using a 300 nm nanostructured sensing film based on a novel nanoporous ion imprinted core-shell silica/gold nanoparticulate sensing film. The novel sensing film was highly selective towards chloride ions when compared to other anions such as nitrate, sulphate and carbonate. Moreover, this nanostructured sensing film exhibited above 3-fold higher sensitivity (-186.4 mV.Log[C]-1) towards chloride ions when compared to commercial devices. Such breakthrough has led to the fabrication of the smallest and most sensitive reported anion sensor working on open circuit potentiometry, with an exceptional selectivity towards chloride ions.
Efficacy of Oral Glucose in Reducing Behavioural Responses to a Noxious Stimulus in Healthy Term Neonates
Authors: Naous Amal , Khatib Hassan El , Azakir Bilal , Hajjar Farah , Baltaji Hanan , Sinno Lubna , Tamim Hani , Rajab Mariam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of orally administered glucose, at concentrations of 5% and 30%, on the nociceptive behavioural pain response among full-term neonates who underwent the heel puncture technique. This is a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial which was registered at clinicaltrials.gov under the number Makassed General Hospital Protocol Record 1722017 in July 2017. This trial studied the effect of glucose solution on pain relief in 244 full-term healthy neonates who underwent a heel prick procedure. Neonatal pain was assessed using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) and the duration of cry. The results showed that neonates receiving 30% glucose during the procedure had significantly the lowest mean NIPS (mean=4.89) compared to placebo and 5% group (mean=5.8 and 5.2 respectively) (p=0.03). Neonates in the glucose groups of both 5% (65.9%) and 30% (70.4%) scored significantly as having less pain compared with the placebo group (86.4%) (p=0.01). The neonates in the 30% glucose group cried less and had a significantly shorter crying duration (mean: 39.9 seconds) than in the 5% and placebo groups (p=0.04). Conclusion: 30% glucose and, to a lesser extent, 5% glucose were effective in reducing the behavioral pain response from heel prick procedures in term neonates.
Reassessment of the Contribution of Belowground N from Soybean after Testing Different 15N Leaf-Labelling Strategies
Authors: Boddey Robert Michael , Araujo Karla E.C. , Vergara Carlos , Santos Ricardo Cesario dos , Santos Wadson , Alves Bruno Jose Rodrigues , Jantalia Claudia Pozzi , Urquiaga Segundo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Soybean is the most important grain crop in Brazil with a mean N accumulation of over 250 kg N ha-1, principally from biological N2 fixation. The residual N benefit depends heavily on the quantity of the belowground N at harvest, much which cannot be directly recovered in roots. The purpose of this study was to investigate different aspects of the 15N leaf-labelling technique to quantify non-recoverable root N (NRRN) derived from senescent roots and nodules (rhizodeposits). Methods: Soybean plants were grown in pots of soil and at 27 days after planting (vegetative stage V4) cut or whole leaves were exposed to highly enriched 15N-labelled urea or glutamine. Seven sequential harvests of the plants and soil were taken until the final grain harvest at 70 days after labelling.Results: After only 48 h, the plants labelled with 15N urea transferred approximately 5% to the soil, while only 1% was found in the roots. Leakage of 15N label was even more pronounced when the leaves were labelled with 15N glutamine. After this initial leakage, the excess 15N deposited in the soil only increased by a further 2.6% of applied label, which suggested that only part of this N represented senescence of roots or nodules.Conclusions At the final harvest, N in roots separated from the soil amounted to 6.4% of total plant N. Discounting the early rapid deposition of 15N-enriched N to the soil, our calculations indicated that at final harvest the total NRRN was 2.8% of total plant N.