bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Educating Healthy Women About Breast Cancer on Their Fear of Breast Cancer and Breast Cancer Worry
Authors: Nejatisafa Aliakbar , Eskandari Yas , Hosseini Ladan , Sani Sepehr Boroumand , Eskandari Amirhossein , Jannat Forouzandeh , Orouji Marzieh , Goodarzi Donya , Alipour Sadaf 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among females worldwide and prognosis depends on early diagnosis; however women seldom seek medical attention on time. Two of the important reasons for this delay are BC worry (BCW) and fear (BCF). We aimed to assess whether educating healthy women about BC could affect their BCF and BCW. Methods Participants were women above 18 years who visited the Breast Clinic who had a normal or benign breast assessment and were not suffering from any psychological disorder. They filled a survey including items of the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), Lerman BCW scale and Champion BCF scale before and after the intervention. In the course of the study, 20 short educational videos about BC were sent to all of them by WhatsApp. Results The mean age of the 104 participants was 38.37 years. HADS scores showed a fairly good general psychological health of the participants before and after the intervention. The mean BCW and BCF score decreased significantly after vs. before the intervention. Conclusions Our study showed that educating healthy women about BC can effectively reduce BCF and BCW. We suggest that similar studies follow the participants in order to assess the effect on their health-seeking behaviour about BC in the long term.
Seed Dispersal by Frugivores and Germination Success of the Invasive Alien Shrub Pyracantha Angustifolia in the Eastern Free State Province, South Africa
Authors: Adams Lehlohonolo Donald , Martin Grant D. , Downs Colleen T. , Clark Vincent Ralph , Thabethe Vuyisile , Raji Islamiat Abidemi , Steenhuisen Sandy-Lynn 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Invasive alien plants can use animal-plant interactions to increase their invasiveness. This study investigated the role of frugivorous birds in seed dispersal and germination of the alien plant Pyracantha angustifolia (Rosaceae) in South African high elevation grasslands. We monitored which bird species fed on the fruit of the invasive P. angustifolia in some farms in the Eastern Free State Province using camera-traps and direct surveillance. Nine bird species visited P. angustifolia shrubs to perch or feed on fruits, but only one bird (Speckled Mousebird) fed on the fruits during timed observations. To assess the effect of ingestion by avian frugivores on P. angustifolia germination, P. angustifolia fruits were fed to captive Cape White-eyes (Zosterops virens), Dark-capped Bulbuls (Pycnonotus tricolor), Purple-crested Turacos (Gallirex porphyreolophus), Red-winged Starlings (Onychognathus morio) and Speckled Mousebirds (Colius striatus). Seeds collected from bird excreta, whole fruits, and depulped fruits were grown under greenhouse conditions and germination rates recorded. All captive bird species, except for Cape White-eyes, ingested the seeds; Cape White-eyes only fed on fruit pulp that they had manually removed. Bird species with relatively larger body mass had longer seed retention times compared with the smaller bird species. Germination success of both depulped and ingested P. angustifolia seeds was high (> 80%) and that of whole fruits low (7%). Ingestion by the four avian frugivore species did not affect germination rate and success; instead, the birds facilitate the spread and germination of seeds by removing the fruit pulp and spreading the seed away from the parent shrubs.
Role of Selective Bioactive Compounds As An Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
Authors: Khan Huma , Hussain Tahir , Kataria Monika , SETH AMIT , Malik Md Zubbair , Dash Ashoutosh , Chand Subhash , KHAN MOHD AZHAR 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Hypertension is one of a major reason of mortality and morbidity and it is associated with heart and renal disease. The aim of this study is to find out the antihypertensive role of bioactive compounds from selected medicinal plants targeting ACE molecule which so far is not known. The plants taken in this study were Moringa oleifera, Azadirachta indica, and Hibiscus sabdariffa. The nitric oxide and superoxide scavenging property vary from 39.50% to 68% and 37.67 % to 75.50 %. respectively. The inhibition of ACE activity was found maximally in methanolic extract of A. indica (74 %), followed by H. sabdariffa (73.4%), and least in M. oleifera (71.8 %). The bioactive chloroform fraction was characterized for the presence of compound using standard techniques such as LCMS and NMR (13C-NMR 1H-NMR). The results revealed the presence of beta-sitosterol in M. oleifera, azadiradionolide in A. indica and hibiscitrin in H. sabdariffa. The compounds have shown significant low binding energy for hibiscitrin (-12.3kcal/mol), beta-sitosterol (-11.2kcal/mol) and azadiradionolide (-11.3kcal/mol) indicating the high efficacy of binding on the enzyme. While, binding energy of drug captopril was -5.6kcal/mol & enalpril -8.1kcal/mol in the same pocket of the ACE molecule. Upon subjecting molecular dynamic simulation results indicated that beta sitosterol complex provided more compactness than the hibiscitrin and azadiradionolide compounds. The current study delivers a new perspective for the drug development against systolic blood pressure regulation and also opens new horizons for considering alternate highly potent drug target for hypertension.
Allometric Models to Estimate Carbon Content in Arecaceae Based on Seven Species of Neotropical Palms
Authors: Cambronero Milena , Avalos Gerardo , Alvarez-Vergnani Carolina 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present allometric models to estimate total carbon content and above ground carbon (AGC) for the family Arecaceae, and for 7 abundant neotropical palm species (the canopy species Socratea exorrhiza and Iriartea deltoidea , the sub-canopy palm Euterpe precatoria , and the understory species Asterogyne martiana , Prestoea decurrens , Geonoma interrupta and Chamaedorea tepejilote ). The study was done in the tropical rainforests of the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica. We harvested 87 individuals of a wide range of sizes, and divided them into roots, stems, and leaves, weight their fresh and dry biomass, calculated the carbon content, tissue density, leaf area, and shoot:root ratios (based on biomass and carbon content). The general palm model estimating total carbon content accounted for 92% of the variation and had diameter at breast height, stem height, and dry mass fraction as predictor variables. We generated a similar model to estimate AGC, which included the same variables and explained 91% of the variation. We compared our AGC model with two models used to estimate palm carbon content: Goldman et al. (2013)´s and Chave et al. (2014)´s models and found a range of R 2 values ​​of 0.87 to 0.91. Understory palm allometry was centered around biomass allocation, whereas sub-canopy and canopy species were associated with traits related to palm size (mainly DBH, total height, and leaf area). The efficiency the allometric models depends on species identity, sample size, and size range.
Prognosis of Patients With Cardiogenic Shock Following Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Difference Between ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction And Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tsai Ming-Lung , Hsieh Ming-Jer , Chen Chun-Chi , Wu Victor Chien-Chia , Lan Wen-Ching , Huang Yu -Tung , Hsieh I-Chang , Chang Shang-Hung 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated with cardiogenic shock has high mortality and is a challenging topic even in the revascularization era. We conducted this study to understand patients’ outcomes.Method: We retrospectively analyzed electronic medical records data from 1,175 patients with AMI complicated with cardiogenic shock developed within 3 days of admission to a multicenter medical care system between January 1, 2000, and July 31, 2018. AMI patients were classified into ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) group. The short-term and 1-year mortality and adverse event after the index admission were analyzed via logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Comparing to NSTEMI, patients with STEMI tended to be younger (65.68 ± 14.05 vs. 70.70 ± 12.99, p < .001), men (73.29 vs. 60.87, p < .001), and have fewer underlying chronic diseases. Short-term mortality at index hospitalization was 14.83% in the STEMI group and 21.30% in the NSTEMI group; long-term mortality was 17.06% for the STEMI group and 24.13% for the NSTEMI group. No difference was observed between the 2 groups for patients who developed a cerebral vascular accident (CVA) during the admission period; however, the major bleeding rate and gastrointestinal bleeding rate were higher in the STEMI group (2.66 vs. 0.22, p = .014; 3.36 vs. 0.22, p = .007, respectively). Conclusion: In patients with AMI with cardiogenic shock, NSTEMI was associated with a significantly higher mortality rate in both the short-and long-term results. Age and respiratory failure were the most significant risk factors for short-term mortality. Revascularization may be beneficial for the short-term outcome but did not reach significance in multivariable analysis.
Application of Chromosome Microarray Analysis and Karyotype Analysis in Diagnostic Assessment of Abnormal Down's Syndrome Screening Results
Authors: Kang Han , Wang Lingxi , Li Xingyu , Gao Chonglan , Xie Yamei , Hu Yu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Although screening for fetal aneuploidy with the use of cell-free DNA obtained from maternal plasma is highly effective, biomarkers screening is in extensive use in economically underdeveloped areas and poor population. This study aims to explore the application value of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and karyotype analysis in prenatal diagnosis for pregnant women with abnormal Down’s syndrome (DS) screening results.Methods: The study recruited 813 pregnant women with abnormal DS screening results from Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital. They underwent amniocentesis to obtain fetal amniotic fluid for CMA and G-band karyotype analysis. An Affymetrix CytoScan 750 K Array chip was used for CMA analysis according to the manufacturer’s instructions.Results: In total, CMA identified 21/813 abnormal results, which was more efficient than karyotype analysis(10/813, P<0.001.) CMA is equivalent to traditional karyotype analysis for the prenatal diagnosis of aneuploidies. However, CMA identified 1.60% more copy number variants(CNVs) than karyotype analysis. These pathogenic/likely pathogenic(P/LP) CNVs ranged from 159Kb deletion to 3616Kb deletion. 53.8% of them were recurrent pathogenic CNVs associated with risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. CMA identified 7 variants of uncertain significance (VUS) results, including 6 microduplication and 1 microdeletion, with the size ranged from 840kb-1484kb. Karyotype analysis identified 2 mosaic sex chromosome aneuploidy, 2 balanced translocation and 1 mosaic balanced translocation, which could not be identified by CMA. Conclusions: Performing both CMA and karyotype analysis simultaneously is more beneficial to pregnant women with abnormal DS screening results.
Initial Evaluation of Uroplakins UPIIIa and UPII in Selected Benign Urological Diseases
Authors: Szymańska Beata , Matuszewski Michał , Dembowski Janusz , Piwowar Agnieszka 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundUroplakins (UPs) are glycoproteins that play a specific role in the structure and function of the urothelium. Disorders of normal expression of uroplakins are associated with the pathogenesis of infections and neoplasms of the urinary tract, primary vesicoureteral reflux, hydronephrosis and renal dysfunction. The appearance of uroplakins in the urine and/or plasma may be of potential importance in the detection of urinary tract dysfunction. The aim of the study was to investigate uroplakin IIIa (UPIIIa) and uroplakin II (UPII) expression in patients with selected urological diseases. Plasma and urine from patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), urethral stricture (US), urinary tract infection (UTI) and urolithiasis, were compared to healthy people without urological disorders. MethodsA total 152 of human urine and plasma samples from normal and patients with selected benign urological diseases were analyzed. UPs concentration was measured by immunoenzymatic method. All calculations were done using the STATISTICA 13.3 (TIBCO software Inc.).ResultsIn patients with BPH and UTI, UPIIIa in urine and plasma also UPII in urine concentrations were statistically significantly higher than in the control groups. In the US group, only the plasma UPIIIa concentration differed significantly from the control. There were no significant differences between the concentrations of UPs compared to the controls in both the urine and plasma of patients with urolithiasis. ConclusionThe conducted research shows that benign urological diseases may affect the state of the urothelium, as manifested by an increased concentration of both UPs in patients’ urine and plasma, especially in BPH and UTI.
Yifei Sanjie Formula Treats Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Regulating Lung Microbiota Dysbiosis
Authors: Wu Yue-Ying , Qiao Bo , Zhang Qiang , Jia Wen-Qing , Meng Hui , Xing Hai-Jing , Li Yu-Qing , Yang Zhong-Shan , Yuan Jia-Li 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common pulmonary diseases. There is evidence to suggest that dysbiosis of pulmonary microbiota participates in COPD development. Yifei Sanjie Formula (YS) is widely used to treat diseases in respiratory systems, yet its mechanisms are little known. MethodsIn the present study, the efficacy of YS was evaluated by analyzing its effects on the severity of pulmonary pathological damage, pulmonary function, pro-inflammation cytokines, the activation of NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway, and changes of lung microbiota. ResultsYS improved animal behaviors, prevented declines in pulmonary ventilatory function and lung injury in a rat model of COPD. Administration of YS significantly suppressed the release of proinflammatory cytokines and collagen deposition and downregulated NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling in vivo. YS changed the relative abundance of specific pulmonary microbiota and modulated bacterial flora in the rat model. Conclusions﻿These results suggest that the effects of YS involved lung microbes and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
A Simple Nomogram Developed for Predicting HCC Metastasis Based on microRNAs
Authors: Zhu Yong , Jie Yusheng , Wu Yuankai , Tang Wenting , Cao Jing , Su Zhongzhen , Zhuo ZhenJian , Gong Jiao , Chong Yutian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Owing to lack of predictive models for Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis based on the expression of miRNAs, we aimed to develop a simple model for identification of HCC patients at high risk of metastasis. Results: HCC datasets with metastasis information were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and samples were randomly divided into training group (n=169) and testing group (n=72). Based on expression of miRNAs in the training group, we developed a predictive nomogram for HCC metastasis and evaluated its performance using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curve, decision curve and clinical impact curve analysis. We found that the expression of miR-30c, miR-185 and miR-323 in HCC correlated with metastasis by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) method and multivariate logistic regression. Based on these three miRNAs, we generated the nomogram for predicting metastasis in the training group (AUC 0.869 [95% CI .813-0.925], sensitivity 80.5%, specificity 78.9%); in testing group (0.821 [0.770-0.872], 48.5%, 92.3%). The calibration curve showed a good agreement between actual observation and prediction by nomogram. The nomogram represented high clinical net benefits using decision curve. Moreover, total scores calculated by nomogram were higher in dead patients than that in alive patients. In addition, the predicted target genes of these 3 miRNAs correlated with tumor metastasis by functional enrichment analysis, such as filopodium and we identified their related hub genes. Conclusions: Our easy-to-use nomogram could assist in identifying HCC patients at high risk of metastasis, which offer valuable information for clinical treatment.
Sensitivity Assessment of Chemotherapeutic Agents for Ovarian Tumors Based on Test in Vitro Culture: A Blind Study
Authors: RAO Qunxian , WEI Yuan , CHEN Qing , GUAN Meimei , ZHOU Hui , HAN Xue , XING Xiaohui , SHEN Tianran , SHU Yu , LU Huaiwu , HE Yuanqiao , chen qingsong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer is common malignant tumors but the survival rate has not been improved well for a long time. One of the important reasons is that the current clinical guidelines for treatment still do not solve the problem of patient heterogeneity and drug resistance, which are exactly the key factors affecting the efficacy of chemotherapy. In addition, there are limited research data that can help accurately identify patients' preferred drugs and combination regimen, which fails to meet the needs of individualized treatment. Methods：The objective was used the Hydrogel Embedded Histoculture Drug Sensitivity Test (HDST), to verified its accuracy in predicting the response to chemotherapy in ovarian tumors and evaluate the sensitivity of chemotherapy drugs. Tissue samples of 82 ovarian tumor patients were tested for HDST drug sensitivity and follow-up who were included in randomized study. The consistency of drug sensitivity results and clinical outcomes were analyzed through preliminary study to determine the feasibility of this technology, and then a comprehensive blind study was conducted to evaluate Drug sensitivity.Result: HDST in determining the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs were consistent with the actual clinical efficacy of patients (Kappa=0.535), and the sensitivity, specificity, AUC were 82.14%, 100.00%, 0.911. Single-drug resistance rates of TXL, DOC, CDDP, CBP, Lobaplatin, and VP-16 were 21.95%, 74.39%, 62.20% , 52.44%, 39.02%, 60.98%, respectively. Highest Secondary drug resistance rate of CBP was 44.44%, followed by CDDP and VP-16 (22.22%). TXL’s IR was significantly higher than DOC wherever the location, and Loplatin’s was higher than CDDP (P<0.05). TXL’s IR was higher than VP-16 in primary foci, but VP-16’s was not only higher than DOC, but also CDDP, and similar to the CBP and Lobaplatin in abdominal metastases(P<0.05).Conclusion: HDST can effectively predict the response to existing chemotherapy regimens as new tool to screen individualized treatment for patients. Paclitaxel combined with Lobaplatin regimen may have more advantages in chemotherapy and Etoposide should not be ignored in ovarian tumors.
Prevalence of Asthma-COPD Overlap in COPD and Severe Asthma Cohorts
Authors: Joo Hyonsoo , Park So-Young , Park So Young , Park Seo Young , Kim Sang-Heon , Cho You Sook , Yoo Kwang Ha , Jung Ki Suck , Rhee Chin Kook 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are airway diseases with similar clinical manifestations, despite differences in pathophysiology. Asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) is a condition characterized by overlapping clinical features of both diseases. There have been few reports regarding the prevalence of ACO in COPD and severe asthma cohorts. ACO is heterogeneous; patients can be classified on the basis of phenotype differences. This study was performed to analyze the prevalence of ACO in COPD and severe asthma cohorts. In addition, this study compared baseline characteristics among ACO patients according to phenotype.Methods: Patients with COPD were prospectively enrolled into the Korean COPD subgroup study (KOCOSS) cohort. Patients with severe asthma were prospectively enrolled into the Korean Severe Asthma Registry (KoSAR). ACO was defined in accordance with the updated Spanish criteria. In the COPD cohort, ACO was defined as bronchodilator response (BDR) ≥ 15% and ≥ 400 mL from baseline or blood eosinophil count ≥ 300 cells/μL. In the severe asthma cohort, ACO was defined as age ≥ 35 years, smoking ≥ 10 pack-years, and post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity < 0.7. Patients with ACO were divided into four groups according to smoking history (threshold: 20 pack-years) and blood eosinophil count (threshold: 300 cells/μL).Results: The prevalence of ACO significantly differed between the COPD and severe asthma cohorts (19.8% [365/1839] vs. 12.5% [104/832], respectively, P < 0.001). The numbers of patients in each group were as follows: Group A (smoking 10–20 pack-years and blood eosinophil count ≥ 300 cells/μL), 42 (9.1%); Group B (smoking 10–20 pack-years and eosinophil count < 300 cells/μL), 17 (3.7%); Group C (smoking ≥ 20 pack-years and eosinophil count ≥ 300 cells/μL), 341 (73.8%); and Group D (smoking ≥ 20 pack-years and eosinophil count < 300 cells/μL), 62 (13.4%). Age, sex, BDR, comorbidities, and medications significantly differed among the four groups.Conclusion: The prevalence of ACO differed between COPD and severe asthma cohorts. ACO patients can be classified into four phenotype groups, such that each phenotype exhibits distinct characteristics.
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase to Phosphate Ratio as an Independent Predictor for Adverse Outcome of Microsurgical Clipping for Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysm: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zheng Shufa , Xie Xueling , Wang Haojie , Yao Peisen , Chen Guorong , Shangguan Huangcheng , Yu Lianghong , Lin Yuanxiang , Lin Zhangya , Kang Dezhi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: We assessed the correlation between lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) to phosphate ratio and the prognosis of microsurgically clipping for ruptured intracranial aneurysm (rIA) in this study, to test the hypothesis that serum LDH to phosphate ratio could be a predictor for the outcome of microsurgically clipping for rIA. Methods: The rIA patients between 2012 and 2018 were retrospectively collected. Age, sex, Hunt-Hess(H-H) grade, Fisher grade, smoking, drink, medical history, aneurysm location, hydrocephalus, laboratory data including serum LDH, phosphate and LDH to phosphate ratio, related complication and the outcomes in 3 months were recorded. Results: A total of 1608 rIA patients in our institution were collected, and 856 patients treated by microsurgical clipping were enrolled. A significantly higher LDH- phosphate ratio on admission was observed in patients with poor outcome at 3 months (median±SD, 200.175±107.290 for mRS 0–2 vs 323.826±219.075 for mRS score 3–6; P <0.001). A LDH to phosphate ratio of 226.25 in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was identified as optimal cutoff value to discriminate between good and poor outcome at 3 months. LDH to phosphate ratio≥226.25 on admission was independently correlated with poor outcome in rIA patients. In addition, H-H grade, Fisher grade, pneumonia and DIND were also independently correlated with poor outcome. After removing the bias in basic clinical variables between patients with LDH to phosphate ratio≥226.25 versus <226.25 by PSM, the number of patients with poor outcome at 3 months was obviously increased in patients with LDH to phosphate ratio≥226.25 ( P =0.005). Conclusions: LDH to phosphate ratio was a potential biomarker and could predict the unfavorable outcome of microsurgically clipping for rIA in 3 months. However, the detailed mechanism remain unclear and the conclusion needs be further confirmed by large-scale randomized clinical trials.