bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogeochemical assessment of the sorption properties of heavy metals in the areas of the impact of solid waste landfills on groundwater
Authors: Кузьмин В.В. , Болдырев К.А. , Сафонов A.В. 
Published: November 2021

Изложены основы методики прогнозирования распространения тяжелых металлов на участках загрязнения подземных вод фильтратом полигонов твердых коммунальных отходов. Выполнен анализ качества фильтрата полигонов твердых коммунальных отходов и применимости статистических и эмпирических оценок коэффициента сорбции тяжелых металлов. Показана ограниченность применимости статистических оценок для анализа распространения высокоминерализованных вод фильтратов. На основе методологии геохимического моделирования разработана модель определения коэффициентов обмена между растворенной и твердой фазами – коэффициентов сорбции. Приведены результаты определения коэффициента сорбции для широкого круга катионов применительно к условиям вытеснения природных вод фильтратом полигонов твердых коммунальных отходов. Разработанная методика может быть использована для оценки влияния полигонов твердых коммунальных отходов на качество подземных вод, для прогнозирования распространения тяжелых металлов в области потенциального влияния отходов, для проведения работ в рамках ОВОС (Оценка воздействия на окружающую среду) и ПМООС (Перечень мероприятий по охране окружающей среды), для разработки систем инженерной защиты подземных вод от загрязнения. Предложенная модель может служить основой для ее дальнейшего развития с учетом процессов образования устойчивых органических комплексов металлов в водах фильтрата и комплексообразования на твердой фазе пород.
The fundamentals of the method for predicting the spread of heavy metals in the areas of groundwater pollution by leachate from solid municipal waste landfills are stated. The analysis of the leachate quality of municipal solid waste landfills and the applicability of statistical and empirical estimates of the sorption coefficient of heavy metals is carried out. The limited applicability of statistical estimates for analyzing the distribution of highly mineralized leachate is shown. Based on the method of geochemical simulation, a model has been developed for determining the exchange coefficients between the dissolved and solid phases, i. e. sorption coefficients. The results of determining the sorption coefficient for a wide range of cations are presented with regard to the conditions of natural water displacement by the leachate from solid waste landfills. The developed method can be used to estimate the impact of municipal solid waste landfills on groundwater quality, to predict the spread of heavy metals in the area of potential waste impact, to carry out works within the framework of EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) and LEPM (List of Environmental Protection Measures), to develop systems for engineering protection of groundwater from pollution. The proposed model can serve as a basis for its further improvement with account of the processes of formation of stable organic metal complexes in leachate and complexation on the hard rocks.
Threshold increase and lasing inhibition due to hexagonal-pyramid-shaped hillocks in AlGaN-based DUV laser diodes on single-crystal AlN substrate
Authors: Kushimoto Maki , Zhang Ziyi , Honda Yoshio , Schowalter Leo J. , Sasaoka Chiaki , Amano Hiroshi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The presence of hexagonal-pyramid-shaped hillocks (HPHs) in AlGaN epitaxial films affects device characteristics; this effect is significant in DUV laser diodes (LDs) on AlN substrates, where the presence of HPHs under the p-electrode increases the threshold current density and inhibits the lasing. In this study, we investigated the difference between the lasing characteristics of LDs with and without HPHs. It was found that in the presence of HPHs, the threshold excitation power density increased and the slope efficiency decreased by optical excitation. To investigate the cause of these phenomena, we performed structural, optical, and electrical analyses of the HPHs. Various imaging techniques were used to directly capture the characteristics of the HPHs. As a result, we concluded that HPHs cause the degradation of LD characteristics due to a combination of structural, optical, and electrical factors.
Tin instead of aluminum as a back electrode in P3HT:PC71BM organic solar cells
Authors: Almohammedi Abdullah , Ismail Yasser A. M. , Khan Mohd T. , Benghanem Mohamed , Alamri Saleh N. , Soga Tetsuo , Rusop Mohamad 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the present work, a thin film of Sn metal, instead of aluminum, was deposited as a back electrode, using thermal evaporation, for fabricating organic solar cells composed of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6,6]-phenyl-C71 butyric acid methyl ester. The effect of post-thermal annealing on performance parameters of the solar cell was investigated at low temperatures (suitable for organic solar cells) up to 180 °C. In addition, the effect of thermal annealing on morphological (using scanning electron microscopy) and electrical properties (using a Hall effect setup) of the Sn thin films is reported and discussed here. The obtained minor effect of thermal annealing on the morphological and electrical properties of the Sn thin films is offset by an improvement in the performance parameters of the solar cells after post-annealing at 160 °C. The present study shows good electrical properties of Sn thin films which are comparable with those of aluminum thin films.
Effect of percolation path on temperature dependence of threshold voltage variability in bulk MOSFETs
Authors: Mizutani Tomoko , Takeuchi Kiyoshi , Saraya Takuya , Oka Hiroshi , Mori Takahiro , Kobayashi Masaharu , Hiramoto Toshiro 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The threshold voltage variability of bulk MOSFETs was measured at RT and cryogenic temperature and compared. It was found that the temperature dependences of the threshold voltage defined by extrapolation (V
THEX) and the threshold voltage defined by constant current (V
THC) show different behaviors and the percolation path in the channel, which is caused by a potential valley due to random dopant fluctuations, weakens the temperature dependence of V
THC.
Stabilization of the ferroelectric phase in Hf-based oxides by oxygen scavenging
Authors: Su Mingji , Liu Jirong , Weng Zeping , Ding Xiang , Chen Zhengyang , Zhang Yi , Zhao Liang , Lee Choonghyun , Zhao Yi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We propose an oxygen scavenging technique based on thermodynamic considerations of metal and oxygen systems to stabilize the ferroelectric phase and enhance the ferroelectricity in Hf-based oxides. By using an oxygen scavenging metal to control the oxygen vacancy concentration in Hf-based oxides, the effect of this oxygen scavenging technique in ferroelectric Hf-based oxides was systematically investigated. It was revealed that controlling the oxygen vacancies during the crystallization process is of vital importance to stabilizing the ferroelectric properties. This oxygen scavenging technique is an effective method of improving the performance of Hf-based ferroelectric materials without employing any dopant in Hf-based oxides.
Strategic Management of Industrial Ecosystems Based on the Platform Concept
Authors: Glukhov V. V. , Babkin A. V. , Shkarupeta E. V. , Plotnikov V. A. 
Published: November 2021

Aim. The presented study aims to develop a structural model for industrial ecosystem management and to propose strategies for the industrial ecosystem orchestrator.Tasks. The authors systematize the landscape of existing research in the field of ecosystems; identify the problem and determine the research gap; develop the concept of ecosystem entity; determine the specific features of industrial ecosystem management; develop a structural model for industrial ecosystem management based on the platform concept; recommend strategies for the industrial ecosystem orchestrator.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods (synthesis, generalization, content analysis, graphical data interpretation), economic and statistical methods (correlation and regression analysis, mathematical statistics, expert methods, principal components analysis, hierarchical agglomerative clustering). As part of a study of economic sectors and digital technologies, the market structure is analyzed, and the dynamics of development indicators of digitalization processes is described.Results. The landscape of modern ecosystem research, types and properties of ecosystems, the composition of actors and exchange resources by ecosystem type are systematized, the concept of ecosystem entity is developed, and the specific features of industrial ecosystem management are determined. A structural model for industrial ecosystem management is developed. Four strategies for the industrial ecosystem orchestrator are recommended: increasing value, building trust, activating industrial ecology, institutionalization.Conclusions. In the context of digital transformation, it is advisable to implement strategic management of industrial ecosystems based on the platform concept. The results of managing an industrial ecosystem with the orchestrator function include enhancing the maturity and integration potential of synergetic interaction in the ecosystem, maintaining a high level of coherence (consistency) between actors at different hierarchical levels, creating long-term value and improving the quality of life.
On Leading Practices of Preliminary Notification in the Interaction of Customs Authorities and Business Structures
Authors: Vardanyan O. V. , Kosheleva T. N. 
Published: November 2021

Aim. The presented study aims to identify the key features of best practices in the organization of advance notification by analyzing advance notification practices in the European Union (EU) and Japan.Tasks. The authors analyze the organization of advance notification in the EU and Japan, identify the key features of best practices in the organization of advance notification, and formulate recommendations for Russian customs authorities.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison) and special scientific methods (legal analysis, process analysis).Results. In the process of analyzing advance notification practices in the EU and Japan, the key features of best practices in the organization of advance notification are identified and described.Conclusions. Recommendations for the development of advance notification in Russia are formulated: to increase the number of factors used to determine the content of advance information provided on a mandatory basis. An attempt is made to develop methodological recommendations for verifying information at the stage of advance notification.
On the Analysis of Factors Causing Labor Productivity Decline as an Element in Evaluating the Operating Efficiency of Air Transport Organizations
Authors: Tikhomirova T. A. , Krasnenkova O. A. 
Published: November 2021

Aim. The presented study aims to determine the impact of factors causing labor productivity decline on the operating efficiency of air transport organizations.Tasks. The authors examine the types of factors influencing the level of labor productivity among different employee categories in air transport enterprises; identify external and internal factors and measures aimed at reducing their negative impact when analyzing the operating efficiency of air transport enterprises.Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition in various aspects to examine economic factors causing labor efficiency decline among production and management staff.Results. The impact of regulatory documents of various levels on labor efficiency decline in air transport organizations is investigated. The behavior of management personnel in conflict situations is analyzed as one of the factors reducing labor productivity at the enterprise. The most typical causes of conflict escalation in an organization are described and methods for preventing them or mitigating their destructive consequences are proposed.Conclusions. Analyzing labor efficiency as part of a comprehensive economic analysis of enterprise activities is crucial for the further development of the aviation business. Labor efficiency analysis involves identifying the causes of labor productivity decline and possible directions for finding ways to prevent their negative impact. In addition to economic factors, which are manifested in the adoption of legal standards, it is necessary to take measures aimed at mitigating the impact of socio-psychological factors.
Correlation of Ankle-Brachial Index with Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Mazhar Abdullah , Malik Tayyaba gul , Ali Aalia , Nadeem Hina 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: To find out a relationship of diabetic retinopathy with ankle-brachial (ABI) in patients of type 2 diabetes.
Material and Methods
It was a cross-sectional observational study carried out in Arif Memorial Teaching hospital and Rashid Latif Medical College from January 2019 to June 2019. 120 patients were selected by purposive convenient sampling from outpatient department of Arif Memorial Teaching hospital. After clinical history, complete ocular examination was performed. Random blood sugar levels were measured using Glucometer. Ankle-brachial index was calculated by dividing the systolic pressure at ankle by the systolic blood pressure at arm.
Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 25. Independent sample t test and chi square tests were used to find out the significance of the results.
Results:
In this study of 120 diabetic patients, 80 (66.7%) were female and 40 (33.3%) were males. Mean Ankle Branchial Index (ABI) of Males was 0.96±0.11 and for females was 0.97±0.14. Among 120 participants of this study, 73 (60.83 %) patients had no signs of diabetic retinopathy, 35 (29.16 %) patients had NPDR and 12 (10%) patients had PDR. ABI was not associated with gender and duration of diabetes. However, there was negative and weak linear relationship between BSR and ABI (r= -0.221). This correlation was higher in diabetics of less than 5 year duration (r=-0.286) than in patients of more than 5 years duration of diabetes (r=-0.129).
Conclusion:
Our study indicates that ABI is not significantly related with diabetic retinopathy. However, there is a positive relationship of ABI with high blood sugar levels.
Subconjunctival Bevacizumab as an Adjunct to 5-Fluorouracil Enhanced Trabeculectomy: 1 Year Outcomes
Authors: Nadeem Sana 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To compare the results of trabeculectomy with subconjunctival Bevacizumab and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU); with trabeculectomy with 5-FU alone; in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering, bleb formation, and complications, in the long term.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, from December 2013 to August, 2019.
Methods: A total of 30 eyes (15 in each group) with glaucoma were recruited. Exclusion criteria were previous trabeculectomy, congenital, traumatic, uveitic, neovascular glaucomas, aphakia, or ocular surface disease. Trabeculectomy with 5FU was performed in both groups. In one group, subconjunctival Bevacizumab was injected into the bleb at the end of surgery. The patients were observed for IOP control, bleb configuration, and complications for 1 year.
Results: Primary open angle glaucoma was the predominant diagnosis in 17 (56.7%) eyes. The mean pre-operative IOP in the 5-FU group was 30.8 ± 17.03 mmHg, & in the 5-FU+Bevacizumab group it was 28.9 ± 18.9 mmHg. The mean IOPs of the 5-FU group at 1 Year was 14.5 ± 5.04 mmHg. In 5-FU+Bevacizumab group, mean IOPs at 1 year was 12.7 ± 4.38 mmHg. The differences between pre-operative and post-operative IOPs in both groups at 6, 9 and 12 months were statistically significant. However, differences in mean IOPs between the two groups, bleb morphology and complications were not statistically significant.
Conclusion: No added benefit of subconjunctival Bevacizumab used as an adjunct to 5-FU enhanced trabeculectomy was found at the end of 1 year follow-up.
Key Words: Trabeculectomy, 5-Fluorouracil, Bevacizumab, Glaucoma, Intraocular pressure.
Reliability of Duo Chrome Test in Different Age Groups Considering Patient Satisfaction as Gold Standard
Authors: Mazhar Zehwa , Manzoor Rabia , Kanwal Shazia , Iqbal Ghazala 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: To check the reliability of the duo-chrome test in different age groups after best correction.
Study Design: Descriptive, Cross Sectional Study.
Place and Duration of Study: College of Ophthalmology and Allied Vision Sciences. King Edward Medical University, Lahore from September 2019 – December 2019.
Methods: Forty two cooperative patients of both genders more than 15 years of age were included but patients with poor fixation, any opacity or any other ocular pathology were excluded. Equipment used was Trial box Trial frame Auto-refractor and Snellen Chart. Group 1 composed of 17 patients (15 – 35 years of age). Group 2 (36 – 60 years) had 15 patients and group 3 (age 61-80 years) comprised of 10 patients. Data was collected on self-designed Performa. Duo Chrome was dependent variable and gender was independent variable. Data was analyzed by using statistical package for social science (SPSS22.00) and chi square test was applied.
Results: Out 42, 21 patients reported red, 12 reported green and 9 patients reported equally clear in the right eye. P value=0.156 showed that duo chrome test was equally reliable in every age group in the right eye. Similar results with p = 0.755 showed that duo chrome test was equally reliable in every age group in the left eye. Test when performed bilaterally, showed similar results. Out of 42 patients, 32 were satisfied and 10 were not satisfied with the test.
Conclusion: Red Green duo-chrome test is equally reliable in all age groups to confirm refraction.
Key Words: Duo chrome test, Refraction, Myopia, Hypermetropia.
Challenges and Future Implications for Ophthalmologists in COVID-19 Environment
Authors: Gull Ambreen , Noor Maryam , Khan Niazi Fuad Ahmad 
Published: November 2021

In this brief communication, we have highlighted the challenges confronted by Ophthalmologists during COVID-19 pandemic and formulated steps to develop a comprehensive strategy towards minimizing risk of infection transmission between health care workers and patients. To reduce the risk of cross infection, screening and triaging of the patients was done at very initial stage with only high risk patients (red category) were seen directly on slit lamp biomicroscope with PPE. Green and yellow category (low risk) patients were seen via teaching aids or LCDS and telemedicine methods. Elective surgeries were postponed. Less number of attendants were allowed with the patients. Continued teaching services for undergraduate and post graduate students were done by online methods like zoom or Microsoft teams meeting. Departmental meetings were planned via video conferencing (zoom or Microsoft teams). Recommendations are made in this article to ensure safe access to specialized health care in face of COVID-19 pandemic.
Key Words: COVID-19, Personal Protective Equipment, Ophthalmologists, Pandemic, Health care workers.
MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MATERIAL OF ADDITIVE STRUCTURES WITH DIFFERENT METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE CROSS-SECTION AREA OF SPECIMENS
Authors: Перелыгина А. Ю. , Дружинина Т. Я. , Антипин С. А. , Бобылева Ю. А. 
Published: November 2021

В статье рассматривается вопрос определения механических характеристик материала аддитивных структур с учетом таких параметров печати, как процент заполнения и направление нитей печати. В исследованиях использовались три типоразмера стандартизированных образцов на центральное растяжение, изготовленных с применением технологии 3D-печати. В ходе экспериментов было установлено, что при определении механических характеристик материала необходимо отходить от гипотезы однородности и сплошности материала, принятой в сопротивлении материалов. Для определения значений механических характеристик у образцов разных типоразмеров была предложена методика по расчету реальной площади поперечного сечения исследуемой структуры. В статье приведены диаграммы растяжения и рассчитанные по ним механические характеристики материала аддитивных структур, а также рассмотрен вопрос влияния отношения площади структуры к площади ограждения на механические характеристики материала.
The article discusses the issue of determining the mechanical characteristics of the material of additive structures, taking into account such printing parameters as the percentage of filling and the direction of the printing filaments. The studies used three sizes of standardized specimens for central tension, made using 3D printing technology. During the experiments, it was found that when determining the mechanical characteristics of a material, it is necessary to deviate from the hypothesis of material homogeneity and continuity, adopted in the strength of materials. To determine the values of mechanical characteristics for samples of different sizes, a technique was proposed for calculating the real cross-sectional area of the structure under study. The article presents tensile diagrams and the mechanical characteristics of the material of additive structures calculated from them, as well as the issue of the influence of the ratio of the structure area to the perimeter area on the mechanical characteristics of the material.
Myeloid Cell–Specific IL-4 Receptor Knockout Partially Protects from Adipose Tissue Inflammation
Authors: Ackermann Jan , Arndt Lilli , Kirstein Michaela , Hobusch Constance , Brinker Georg , Klöting Nora , Braune Julia , Gericke Martin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
IL-4 receptor signaling is supposed to play a major role in anti-inflammatory polarization and proliferation of adipose tissue macrophages. In this study, we examined the metabolic and inflammatory phenotype of C57BL/6J mice (IIl4ra) with LysM-dependent knockout (IIl4raΔmyel) of the IL-4 receptor α-chain (IL-4Rα), the mandatory signaling component of IL-4 and IL-13, on chow and high-fat diet. Lean IIl4raΔmyel mice showed decreased insulin sensitivity, no divergent adipose tissue macrophage polarization, but an increased percentage of CD8+ T cells in visceral adipose tissue. After 20 wk of a high-fat diet, IIl4raΔmyel mice exhibited higher glucose tolerance, no changes in the lymphocyte compartment and fewer M1 macrophages in visceral adipose tissue. In vivo adipose tissue macrophage proliferation measured by BrdU incorporation was unaffected by Il4ra knockout. Interestingly, we show that IL-4Rα signaling directly augmented Itgax (Cd11c) gene expression in bone marrow–derived macrophages and increased the amount of CD11c+ macrophages in adipose tissue explants. Myeloid cell–specific knockout of Il4ra deteriorated insulin sensitivity in lean mice but improved parameters of glucose homeostasis and partially protected from adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice. Hence, IL-4Rα signaling probably plays a minor role in maintaining the macrophage M2 population and proliferation rates in vivo. Moreover, our data indicate that IL-4 signaling plays a proinflammatory role in adipose tissue inflammation by directly upregulating CD11c on adipose tissue macrophages.