bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unrestricted permutation forces extrapolation: variable importance requires at least one more model, or there is no free variable importance
Authors: Hooker Giles , Mentch Lucas , Zhou Siyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper reviews and advocates against the use of permute-and-predict (PaP) methods for interpreting black box functions. Methods such as the variable importance measures proposed for random forests, partial dependence plots, and individual conditional expectation plots remain popular because they are both model-agnostic and depend only on the pre-trained model output, making them computationally efficient and widely available in software. However, numerous studies have found that these tools can produce diagnostics that are highly misleading, particularly when there is strong dependence among features. The purpose of our work here is to (i) review this growing body of literature, (ii) provide further demonstrations of these drawbacks along with a detailed explanation as to why they occur, and (iii) advocate for alternative measures that involve additional modeling. In particular, we describe how breaking dependencies between features in hold-out data places undue emphasis on sparse regions of the feature space by forcing the original model to extrapolate to regions where there is little to no data. We explore these effects across various model setups and find support for previous claims in the literature that PaP metrics can vastly over-emphasize correlated features in both variable importance measures and partial dependence plots. As an alternative, we discuss and recommend more direct approaches that involve measuring the change in model performance after muting the effects of the features under investigation.
Stacked T-Shaped Strips Compact Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX Applications
Authors: Karthikeyan M. , Sitharthan R. , Ali Tanweer , Pathan Sameena , Anguera Jaume , Shanmuga Sundar D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA compact triple band antenna with stacked T-shaped strips inside a rectangular ring monopole has been proposed. This novel structure with a slot in the defected ground achieves triple band opration i.e. 2.47–2.77 GHz, 3.3–3.7 GHz and 5.10–6.62 GHz. These bands find application in important wireless communication standards like WiMAX (3.3–3.8 GHz, and 5.25–5.85 GHz, WLAN (2.4 G-2.5 GHz, 5.1–5.3 GHz, and 5.72–5.85 GHz). The antenna is printed on a FR-4 substrate with an overall dimension of $$33 \times 17 \times 1.6 \;{\text{mm}}^{3}$$

33
×
17
×
1.6

mm

3

. An impedance bandwidth of 11% (2.47–2.77 GHz), 11% (3.3–3.7 GHz) and 25% (5.10–6.62 GHz) is obtained. A good conjunction between the simulated and measured results is inferred from the antenna design analysis.
Effect of Stress on Spinodal Decomposition in Binary Alloys: Atomistic Modeling and Atom Probe Tomography
Authors: Dahlström Alexander , Danoix Frederic , Hedström Peter , Odqvist Joakim , Zapolsky Helena 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Self-organizing nanostructure evolution through spinodal decomposition is a critical phenomenon determining the properties of many materials. Here, we study the influence of stress on the morphology of the nanostructure in binary alloys using atomistic modeling and atom probe tomography. The atomistic modeling is based on the quasi-particle approach, and it is compared to quantitative three-dimensional (3-D) atom mapping results. It is found that the magnitude of the stress and the crystallographic direction of the applied stress directly affect the development of spinodal decomposition and the nanostructure morphology. The modulated nanostructure of the binary bcc alloy system is quantified by a characteristic wavelength,

$$ \lambda $$

λ

. From modeling the tensile stress effect on the A-35 at. pct B system, we find that

$$ \lambda _{001}< \, \lambda _{111}< \, \lambda _{101}< \, \lambda _{112}$$

λ
001

<

λ
111

<

λ
101

<

λ
112

and the same trend are observed in the experimental measurements on an Fe-35 at. pct Cr alloy. Furthermore, the effect of applied compressive and shear stress states differs from the effect of the applied tensile stress regarding morphological anisotropy.
Evaluating the Accumulation of Antioxidant and Macro- and Trace Elements in Vaccinium myrtillus L.
Authors: Kandziora-Ciupa Marta , Dabioch Marzena , Nadgórska-Socha Aleksandra 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study was conducted in order to characterise the accumulation ability of Vaccinium myrtillus L for trace elements such as Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn and selected macroelements Ca, K, Mg, Na and P. The accumulation of nutrient elements and trace elements (ANE and ATE) and changes in the ecophysiological responses in bilberry in differently polluted areas were compared. The accumulation of the elements in the roots, stems and leaves of bilberry from four sites (in the nearest vicinity of a zinc smelter, a Mining and Metallurgical Plant, a main road with a high traffic volume and an unprotected natural forest community) were measured using optical emission spectrometry with excitation using inductively coupled argon plasma after wet acid digestion. The highest Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations were found in the V. myrtillus samples that were growing under the influence of the emissions from the zinc smelter. Moreover, the level of the total accumulated trace metals (ATE—17.09 mmolc kg−1) was also highest for the bilberry at this site. However, in the same area, the sum of the accumulated macronutrients (ANE—296.92 mmolc kg−1) was lower than at the other sampling sites. An EF > 2 was found for Cd, Pb, Zn and Mn, which suggests that bilberries may be enriched in these metals. According to the translocation factor, V. myrtillus was an accumulator of Cd, Zn and Mn. An analysis of the ecophysiological responses showed that the greatest concentration of ascorbic acid was found in the leaves of V. myrtillus at the most contaminated site (3.32 mg g−1 fresh weight). There were no significant differences in the total phenols between the contaminated and non-contaminated sites. However, the lowest value of the total phenolic content (490.77 mg g−1 dry weight) was recorded at the site where the highest Fe concentration was detected in the leaves. A significantly positive correlation between the Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations and a strong negative correlation between the Mn concentration and ascorbic acid content in the leaves of bilberry was also observed. The results provide evidence that the ANE method, which is used to interpret the chemical composition of bilberry has made determining the impact of toxic trace metals on the mineral composition of V. myrtillus significantly easier and also that a non-enzymatic antioxidant such as ascorbic acid can be a good biomarker for determining the oxidative stress that is caused by toxic trace metals.
„Data Engineering“ in der Hochschullehre
Authors: Schenkel Ralf , Scherzinger Stefanie , Tropmann-Frick Marina 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Themenheft zu „Data Engineering for Data Science“ gibt uns Anlass, die Rolle dieses Themas in der akademischen Datenbanklehre im Rahmen einer kleinen Umfrage zu erfassen. In diesem Artikel geben wir die Ergebnisse gesammelt wieder. Uns haben 17 Rückmeldungen aus der GI-Fachgruppe Datenbanksysteme erreicht. Im Vergleich zu einer früheren Umfrage zur Lehre im Bereich „Cloud“, 2014 im Datenbankspektrum vorgestellt, zeichnet sich ab, dass Data-Engineering-Inhalte zunehmend auch in grundständigen Lehrveranstaltungen gelehrt werden, sowie außerhalb der Kerninformatik. Data Engineering scheint sich als ein Querschnittsthema zu etablieren, das nicht nur den Masterstudiengängen vorbehalten ist.
Electrospinning Fabrication Methods to Incorporate Laminin in Polycaprolactone for Kidney Tissue Engineering
Authors: Baskapan Büsra , Callanan Anthony 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Today’s treatment options for renal diseases fall behind the need, as the number of patients has increased considerably over the last few decades. Tissue engineering (TE) is one avenue which may provide a new approach for renal disease treatment. This involves creating a niche where seeded cells can function in an intended way. One approach to TE is combining natural extracellular matrix proteins with synthetic polymers, which has been shown to have many positives, yet a little is understood in kidney. Herein, we investigate the incorporation of laminin into polycaprolactone electrospun scaffolds.

METHOD:
The scaffolds were enriched with laminin via either direct blending with polymer solution or in a form of emulsion with a surfactant. Renal epithelial cells (RC-124) were cultured on scaffolds up to 21 days.

RESULTS:
Mechanical characterization demonstrated that the addition of the protein changed Young’s modulus of polymeric fibres. Cell viability and DNA quantification tests revealed the capability of the scaffolds to maintain cell survival up to 3 weeks in culture. Gene expression analysis indicated healthy cells via three key markers.

CONCLUSION:
Our results show the importance of hybrid scaffolds for kidney tissue engineering.
Khinchin Families and Hayman Class
Authors: Cantón Alicia , Fernández José L. , Fernández Pablo , Maciá Víctor J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe give criteria, following Hayman and Báez-Duarte, for non-vanishing functions with non-negative coefficients to be Gaussian and strongly Gaussian. We use these criteria to show in a simple and unified manner asymptotics for a number of combinatorial objects, and, particularly, for a variety of partition questions like Ingham’s theorem on partitions with parts in an arithmetic sequence, or Wright’s theorem on plane partitions and, of course, Hardy–Ramanujan’s partition theorem.
Dissolving the Dichotomies Between Online and Campus-Based Teaching: a Collective Response to The Manifesto for Teaching Online (Bayne et al. 2020)
Authors: MacKenzie Alison , Bacalja Alexander , Annamali Devisakti , Panaretou Argyro , Girme Prajakta , Cutajar Maria , Abegglen Sandra , Evens Marshall , Neuhaus Fabian , Wilson Kylie , Psarikidou Katerina , Koole Marguerite , Hrastinski Stefan , Sturm Sean , Adachi Chie , Schnaider Karoline , Bozkurt Aras , Rapanta Chrysi , Themelis Chryssa , Thestrup Klaus , Gislev Tom , Örtegren Alex , Costello Eamon , Dishon Gideon , Hoechsmann Michael , Bucio Jackeline , Vadillo Guadalupe , Sánchez-Mendiola Melchor , Goetz Greta , Gusso Helder Lima , Arantes Janine Aldous , Kishore Pallavi , Lodahl Mikkel , Suoranta Juha , Markauskaite Lina , Mörtsell Sara , O’Reilly Tanya , Reed Jack , Bhatt Ibrar , Brown Cheryl , MacCallum Kathryn , Ackermann Cecile , Alexander Carolyn , Payne Ameena Leah , Bennett Rebecca , Stone Cathy , Collier Amy , Lohnes Watulak Sarah , Jandrić Petar , Peters Michael , Gourlay Lesley 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article is a collective response to the 2020 iteration ofThe Manifesto for Teaching Online. Originally published in 2011 as 20 simple but provocative statements, the aim was, and continues to be, to critically challenge the normalization of education as techno-corporate enterprise and the failure to properly account for digital methods in teaching in Higher Education. The 2020Manifestocontinues in the same critically provocative fashion, and, as the response collected here demonstrates, its publication could not be timelier. Though theManifestowas written before the Covid-19 pandemic, many of the responses gathered here inevitably reflect on the experiences of moving to digital, distant, online teaching under unprecedented conditions. As these contributions reveal, the challenges were many and varied, ranging from the positive, breakthrough opportunities that digital learning offered to many students, including the disabled, to the problematic, such as poor digital networks and access, and simple digital poverty. Regardless of the nature of each response, taken together, what they show is thatThe Manifesto for Teaching Onlineoffers welcome insights into and practical advice on how to teach online, and creatively confront the supremacy of face-to-face teaching.
Armoured bush cricket, Acanthoplus discoidalis (Walker) (Orthoptera: tettigoniidae) outbreak prediction using rainfall patterns in three zones of Botswana
Authors: Mviha P. J. Z. , Holt J. , Green S. V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBased on a quantitative understanding of the environmental factors effecting armoured bush cricket, Acanthoplus discoidalis population dynamics, a hypothesis was formulated to explain the occurrence of outbreaks in some years and locations. The principles, expressed using a rule-based or qualitative model, were that nymph and adult survival and fecundity were reduced in years with uneven rainfall and that egg survival was reduced in years with a wet late-season as this is associated with increased egg predation and/or water-logging. The implication was that large egg banks resulted either when a large number of adults were present or when neither low fecundity nor high egg mortality were constraints. Such large egg banks were however predicted only to lead to outbreaks when there was an adequate amount of food for nymph and adult survival in the following season. Model predictions were compared with observed outbreaks of A. discoidalis between 1988 to 2002 for the three climatic zones of the east, central and western parts of southern Botswana. There was significant agreement between model predictions and observed outbreaks in two of the three zones (95% confidence interval of the kappa coefficient of agreement > 0). Taking the data for all three zones together and compared to the average outbreak frequency, an outbreak was three times more likely to occur when the model predicted an outbreak and six times less likely to occur when it predicted no outbreak.
Adverse childhood experiences and adult diet quality
Authors: Aquilina Sydney R. , Shrubsole Martha J. , Butt Julia , Sanderson Maureen , Schlundt David G. , Cook Mekeila C. , Epplein Meira 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Childhood trauma is strongly associated with poor health outcomes. Although many studies have found associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), a well-established indicator of childhood trauma and diet-related health outcomes, few have explored the relationship between ACEs and diet quality, despite growing literature in epidemiology and neurobiology suggesting that childhood trauma has an important but poorly understood relationship with diet. Thus, we performed a cross-sectional study of the association of ACEs and adult diet quality in the Southern Community Cohort Study, a largely low-income and racially diverse population in the southeastern United States. We used ordinal logistic regression to estimate the association of ACEs with the Healthy Eating Index-2010 (HEI-10) score among 30 854 adults aged 40–79 enrolled from 2002 to 2009. Having experienced any ACE was associated with higher odds of worse HEI-10 among all (odds ratio (OR) 1⋅22; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1⋅17, 1⋅27), and for all race–sex groups, and remained significant after adjustment for adult income. The increasing number of ACEs was also associated with increasing odds of a worse HEI-10 (OR for 4+ ACEs: 1⋅34; 95 % CI 1⋅27, 1⋅42). The association with worse HEI-10 score was especially strong for ACEs in the household dysfunction category, including having a family member in prison (OR 1⋅34; 95 % CI 1⋅25, 1⋅42) and parents divorced (OR 1⋅25; 95 % CI 1⋅20, 1⋅31). In summary, ACEs are associated with poor adult diet quality, independent of race, sex and adult income. Research is needed to explore whether trauma intervention strategies can impact adult diet quality.
STRUCTURAL CONSIDERATIONS OF RAMSEY ALGEBRAS
Authors: TEOH ZU YAO 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRamsey algebras are an attempt to investigate Ramsey spaces generated by algebras in a purely combinatorial fashion. Previous studies have focused on the basic properties of Ramsey algebras and a few specific examples. In this article, we study the properties of Ramsey algebras from a structural point of view. For instance, we will see that isomorphic algebras have the same Ramsey algebraic properties, but elementarily equivalent algebras need not be so, as expected. We also answer an open question about Cartesian products of Ramsey algebras.
Maritime navigational assistance by visual augmentation
Authors: Leite Bruno G. , Sinohara Helio T. , Maruyama Newton , Tannuri Eduardo A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSeveral types of equipment have been developed over the years to assist ship operators with their tasks. Nowadays, navigational equipment typically provides an enormous volume of information. Thus, there is a corresponding need for efficiency in how such information is presented to ship operators. Augmented reality (AR) systems are being investigated for such efficient presentation of typical navigational information. The present work is particularly interested in an AR architecture commonly referred as monitor augmented reality (MAR).In this context, the development of MAR systems is briefly summarised. The projection of three-dimensional elements into a camera scene is presented. Potential visual assets are proposed and exemplified with videos from a ship manoeuvring simulator and a real experiment. Enhanced scenes combining pertinent virtual elements are shown exemplifying potential assistance applications. The authors mean to contribute to the popularisation of MAR systems in maritime environments. Further research is suggested to define optimal combinations of visual elements for alternative maritime navigation scenarios. Note that there are still many challenges for the deployment of MAR tools in typical maritime operations.
How Will COVID-19 Alter the Politics of Long-Term Care? A Comparative Policy Analysis of Popular Reform Options
Authors: Marier Patrik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis policy analysis reviews three popular proposals with significant political endorsement to enhance long-term care (LTC), here defined broadly to include residential care facilities, home care, and community care, in the wake of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis: national standards, provincial autonomy, and de-privatization. The proposals are summarized succinctly followed by a neo-institutionalist analysis of the obstacles to enact them based upon a series of interviews conducted prior to COVID-19 with senior civil servants in Canadian provinces for a newly published book (Marier, 2021) and political considerations. While the federal government has pursued the avenue of instituting national standards, the provinces have clearly expressed a desire to secure higher federal health transfers and pursue LTC reforms on their own. Considering the diversity of LTC arrangements across the provinces, which impact the politics of LTC within each jurisdiction, and the presence of many Conservative governments in provincial capitals, Ottawa faces an uphill battle to transform profoundly the LTC landscape.
The School Strike for Climate as people’s engagement in the transnational legal process and global constitutionalism
Authors: Perera Binendri 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhat is the significance of the School Strike for Climate from an international constitutional perspective? In this article, I compare the School Strike for Climate with the Hong Kong protests of 2019–20. Both these movements became necessary because of gaps in their countries’ respective domestic and international legal frameworks – what I term constitutionalism gaps. The immediate cause of each protest was how state and non-state actors exploited these constitutionalism gaps in the existing legal framework. Protests in Hong Kong were triggered by the attempt to enact an Extradition Law that threatened people’s autonomy, whereas the School Strike for Climate is a response to the failure of the state to deliver climate justice. Both these movements use similar strategies of advocacy and they have relied extensively on new technology. Based on this comparison, I argue that the School Strike for Climate promotes procedural and substantive values of constitutionalism at the international level, similar to the Hong Kong Protests at the domestic level. Through the School Strike for Climate, people seek to engage directly in the transnational legal process. In attempting to bridge the constitutionalism gap at the international level, the School Strike for Climate promotes values of global constitutionalism.
The Nicaraguan Question: Contadora and the Latin American Response to US Intervention Against the Sandinistas, 1982–86
Authors: Jarquín Mateo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile much has been written about the United States’ efforts to undermine Nicaragua's Sandinista government (1979–90), historians have paid little attention to Latin American state perspectives on the only successful armed revolution in the region since Cuba. In fact, the war that subsequently emerged between Sandinista armed forces and US-backed contras was a thoroughly regionalized affair: at least 12 Latin American countries—including the five largest—became directly involved in efforts to broker peace by the mid 1980s. How and why did they become involved? What can Latin American diplomacy vis-à-vis the Sandinista Revolution tell us about the shape of inter-American relations in the twilight years of the Cold War?To answer these questions, this article uses diplomatic archival sources and oral history interviews from Nicaragua, the United States, Mexico, Cuba, Costa Rica, and Panama to trace Latin American state responses to US intervention against the Sandinista government between 1982 and 1986. While the Reagan administration viewed Nicaragua as the place where it would begin to roll back Soviet-sponsored communism in the Third World, a bloc of Latin American governments—especially those associated with the Contadora peace process—saw Central America as the site where they would push back against US unilateralism and the threat it posed to their real interests and shared hopes for regional sovereignty. In stark contrast with the earlier reaction to the Cuban Revolution, most Latin American states rejected US intervention and sought to legitimize Managua's left-wing government. The regional dimensions of Nicaragua's civil war therefore show how the political fault lines of Latin America's Cold War shifted over time.
Three‐Dimensional Electrical Resistivity Characterization of Mountain Pass, California and Surrounding Region
Authors: Peacock J. R. , Denton K. M. , Ponce D. A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Sulphide Queen carbonatite deposit at Mountain Pass in southeast California is a world class rare earth element (REE) resource. This study images electrical resistivity structure of the REE deposit and surrounding area to characterize resources under cover. An east‐west elongated grid (35 × 15 km) of 65 wideband magnetotelluric stations spanning from eastern Shadow Valley to eastern Ivanpah Valley were collected and modeled in three‐dimensions (3‐D). Gravity, aeromagnetic, and geologic data are used to inform interpretation of structures in the resistivity model, including the following observations. Shadow Valley is filled with conductive sediment that locally dips southward to a depth of 1 km. The Kingston Range‐Halloran Hills detachment fault dips westward at ∼15 degrees. The REE deposit is a moderate low resistivity zone dipping southwest to a possible depth of ∼1 km, and is bounded by the North and South faults and bisected by the Middle fault. Ivanpah Dry Lake is underlain by a north striking southward dipping sedimentary basin. Two possible zones of mineralization are observed in Ivanpah Valley, one along the western edge of Ivanpah Dry Lake and one on the western edge of valley along a new inferred fault. The brittle‐ductile transition is imaged at ∼10 km below mean sea level. No deep electrically conductive structures are imaged to be related to the REE deposit likely due to the complex geologic history of the Mojave terrane. Future studies should regional target Proterozoic rocks and search within for geophysical signatures similar to Mountain Pass.