bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body mass index is inversely associated with capillary ketones at the time of colonoscopy: Implications for SGLT2i use
Authors: Hamblin Peter S. , Wong Rosemary , Ekinci Elif I. , Sztal‐Mazer Shoshana , Balachandran Shananthan , Frydman Aviva , Hanrahan Timothy P. , Hu Raymond , Ket Shara N. , Moss Alan , Ng Mark , Ragunathan Sashikala , Bach Leon A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveSodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have been associated with diabetic ketoacidosis at the time of colonoscopy. This study aimed to identify factors associated with ketone concentrations in SGLT2i‐treated type 2 diabetes compared with non‐SGLT2i‐treated diabetes, and those with impaired fasting glycaemia (IFG) and normoglycaemia.DesignCross‐sectional, multicentre, observational study June–December 2020 in four Australian tertiary hospitals.ParticipantsCapillary glucose and ketones were measured in people undergoing colonoscopy: 37 SGLT2i‐treated and 105 non‐SGLT2i‐treated type 2 diabetes, 65 IFG and 151 normoglycaemia.MeasurementsBody mass index (BMI), age, glucose, fasting duration and where relevant, HbA1c and time since last SGLT2i dose.ResultsIn SGLT2i‐treated diabetes, BMI (ρ = −0.43 [95% confidence interval: −0.67, −0.11]) and duration since last SGLT2i dose (ρ = −0.33 [−0.60, 0.00]) correlated negatively with increasing ketones, but there was no correlation with fasting duration. In non‐SGLT2i‐treated diabetes, BMI correlated negatively (ρ = −0.24 [−0.42, −0.05]) and fasting duration positively (ρ = 0.26 [0.07, 0.43]) with ketones. In IFG participants, only fasting duration correlated with ketones (ρ = 0.28 [0.03, 0.49]). In normoglycaemic participants, there were negative correlations with BMI (ρ = −0.20 [−0.35, −0.04]) and fasting glucose (ρ = −0.31 [−0.45, −0.15]) and positive correlations with fasting duration (ρ = 0.20 [0.04, 0.35]) and age (ρ = 0.19 [0.03, 0.34]). Multiple regression analysis of the entire cohort showed BMI, age and fasting glucose remained independently associated with ketones, but in SGLT2i‐treated participants only BMI remained independently associated.ConclusionsIn SGLT2i‐treated diabetes, lower BMI was a novel risk factor for higher ketones precolonoscopy. Pending larger confirmatory studies, extra vigilance for ketoacidosis is warranted in these people.
Phylogenomics and loci dropout patterns of deeply diverged Zodarion ant‐eating spiders suggest a high potential of RAD‐seq for genus‐level spider phylogenetics
Authors: Ortiz David , Pekár Stano , Dianat Malahat 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRAD sequencing yields large amounts of genome‐wide data at a relatively low cost and without requiring previous taxon‐specific information, making it ideal for evolutionary studies of highly diversified and neglected organisms. However, concerns about information decay with phylogenetic distance have discouraged its use for assessing supraspecific relationships. Here, using Double Digest Restriction Associated DNA (ddRAD) data, we perform the first deep‐level approach to the phylogeny of Zodarion, a highly diversified spider genus. We explore the impact of loci and taxon filtering across concatenated and multispecies coalescent reconstruction methods and investigate the patterns of information dropout in reference to both the time of divergence and the mitochondrial divergence between taxa. We found that relaxed loci‐filtering and nested taxon‐filtering strategies maximized the amount of molecular information and improved phylogenetic inference. As expected, there was a clear pattern of allele dropout towards deeper time and mitochondrial divergences, but the phylogenetic signal remained strong throughout the phylogeny. Therefore, we inferred topologies that were almost fully resolved, highly supported, and noticeably congruent between setups and inference methods, which highlights overall inconsistency in the taxonomy of Zodarion. Because Zodarion appears to be among the oldest and most mitochondrially diversified spider genera, our results suggest that ddRAD data show high potential for inferring intra‐generic relationships across spiders and probably also in other taxonomic groups.
Adapting regulatory drug‐drug interaction guidance to design clinical pharmacokinetic natural product‐drug interaction studies: A NaPDI Center recommended approach
Authors: Cox Emily J. , Rettie Allan E. , Unadkat Jashvant D. , Thummel Kenneth E. , McCune Jeannine S. , Paine Mary F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPharmacokinetic drug interactions precipitated by botanical and other natural products (NPs) remain critically understudied. Investigating these complex interactions is fraught with difficulties due to the methodologic and technical challenges associated with the inherently complex chemistries and product variability of NPs. This knowledge gap is perpetuated by a continuing absence of a harmonized framework regarding the design of clinical pharmacokinetic studies of NPs and NP‐drug interactions. Accordingly, this Recommended Approach, the fourth in a series of Recommended Approaches released by the Center of Excellence for Natural Product Drug Interaction Research (NaPDI Center), provides recommendations for the design of clinical pharmacokinetic studies involving NPs. Building on prior Recommended Approaches and data generated from the NaPDI Center, such a framework is presented for the design of (1) phase 0 studies to assess the pharmacokinetics of an NP and (2) clinical pharmacokinetic NP‐drug interaction studies. Suggestions for NP sourcing, dosing, study design, participant selection, sampling periods, and data analysis are presented. With the intent to begin addressing the gap between regulatory agencies’ guidance documents about drug‐drug interactions and contemporary NPDI research, the objective of this Recommended Approach is to propose methods for the design of clinical pharmacokinetic studies of NPs and NP‐drug interactions.
Patch/plaque mycosis‐fungoides‐like presentations of DUSP22‐translocated T‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Runge John S. , Novice Madison L. , Briones Naomi , Williams Kiyanna , Lowe Lori , Boyer Daniel F. , Wilcox Ryan A. , Tejasvi Trilokraj , Hristov Alexandra C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe DUSP22‐IRF4 gene rearrangement results in downregulation of DUSP22, a presumed tumor suppressor in T‐cell lymphomagenesis. It has been described in some cases of primary cutaneous and systemic anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma, lymphomatoid papulosis, and transformed mycosis fungoides. Here we describe two patients with clinical lesions resembling patch/plaque mycosis fungoides that did not meet WHO criteria for large‐cell transformation on histopathology yet showed a DUSP22 translocation. One patient who had a history of systemic anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma with DUSP22 translocation presented with cutaneous involvement by his systemic lymphoma along with lymphomatoid papulosis and mycosis‐fungoides‐like lesions, all showing an identical immunophenotype and T‐cell clone. These cases expand the spectrum of DUSP22‐rearranged lymphomas to include mycosis‐fungoides‐like presentations without large‐cell transformation.
Bayesian causal inference in visuotactile integration in children and adults
Authors: Verhaar Erik , Medendorp Wijbrand Pieter , Hunnius Sabine , Stapel Janny C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIf cues from different sensory modalities share the same cause, their information can be integrated to improve perceptual precision. While it is well established that adults exploit sensory redundancy by integrating cues in a Bayes optimal fashion, whether children under 8 years of age combine sensory information in a similar fashion is still under debate. If children differ from adults in the way they infer causality between cues, this may explain mixed findings on the development of cue integration in earlier studies. Here we investigated the role of causal inference in the development of cue integration, by means of a visuotactile localization task. Young children (6–8 years), older children (9.5–12.5 years) and adults had to localize a tactile stimulus, which was presented to the forearm simultaneously with a visual stimulus at either the same or a different location. In all age groups, responses were systematically biased toward the position of the visual stimulus, but relatively more so when the distance between the visual and tactile stimulus was small rather than large. This pattern of results was better captured by a Bayesian causal inference model than by alternative models of forced fusion or full segregation of the two stimuli. Our results suggest that already from a young age the brain implicitly infers the probability that a tactile and a visual cue share the same cause and uses this probability as a weighting factor in visuotactile localization.
The role of vascular smooth muscle cells in the development of aortic aneurysms and dissections
Authors: Rombouts Karlijn B. , van Merrienboer Tara A. R. , Ket Johannes C. F. , Bogunovic Natalija , van der Velden Jolanda , Yeung Kak Khee 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAortic aneurysms (AA) are pathological dilations of the aorta, associated with an overall mortality rate up to 90% in case of rupture. In addition to dilation, the aortic layers can separate by a tear within the layers, defined as aortic dissections (AD). Vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMC) are the predominant cell type within the aortic wall and dysregulation of vSMC functions contributes to AA and AD development and progression. However, since the exact underlying mechanism is poorly understood, finding potential therapeutic targets for AA and AD is challenging and surgery remains the only treatment option.MethodsIn this review, we summarize current knowledge about vSMC functions within the aortic wall and give an overview of how vSMC functions are altered in AA and AD pathogenesis, organized per anatomical location (abdominal or thoracic aorta).ResultsImportant functions of vSMC in healthy or diseased conditions are apoptosis, phenotypic switch, extracellular matrix regeneration and degradation, proliferation and contractility. Stressors within the aortic wall, including inflammatory cell infiltration and (epi)genetic changes, modulate vSMC functions and cause disturbance of processes within vSMC, such as changes in TGF‐β signalling and regulatory RNA expression.ConclusionThis review underscores a central role of vSMC dysfunction in abdominal and thoracic AA and AD development and progression. Further research focused on vSMC dysfunction in the aortic wall is necessary to find potential targets for noninvasive AA and AD treatment options.
Critical appraisal of the information available on traumatic dental injuries found in applications
Authors: Loureiro Jéssica Muniz , Jural Lucas Alves , Soares Thais Rodrigues Campos , Risso Patrícia A. , Fonseca‐Gonçalves Andréa , Magno Marcela Baraúna , Maia Lucianne Cople 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground/AimsTraumatic dental injuries (TDI) are a public health problem and the search for information becomes essential to help in their management. The aim of this study was to search existing TDI applications (Apps) to critically describe the characteristics and main information found in them regarding TDI.MethodologySearches were performed in the Play Store (Android) and App Store (iOS), using MeSH terms, synonyms and terms related to dental emergencies and TDI, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Apps with information on the management of post‐TDI emergencies or TDI prevention were included. The type of operating system (Android/iOS), cost (free/paid), target audience (dentist/patient), age of classification (free/>17 years old), language, star rating (1★ to 5★), number of downloads and post‐download ratings, type of dentition (primary/permanent), reference used for classification according to TDI type and management (International Association for Dental Traumatology/Andreasen/others/not reported), and available content (prevention/emergency management/preservation/illustrations) were evaluated.ResultsAmong 486 apps, 13 were eligible: 11 for Android and 2 for iOS. Most were free (92.3%), for patients (38.4%) and had a free age classification (90.9%). The main language was English (53.8%), and most of the Apps either had no information on star ratings (46.1%) or received 4★ (23.1%). The number of downloads was not reported (23.1%) or was fewer than 100 (23.1%). Most of the Apps were for permanent teeth (61.5%) and had explanations about dental management for TDI emergencies (92.3%) and multiple TDIs (61.5%). Most Apps addressed the importance of monitoring TDIs (76.9%) and contained illustrative images (76.9%). However, many did not report the TDI classification (46.1%), and 38.5% reported TDI prevention.ConclusionsInformation on dental trauma management according to dental injury, inclusion of images, target audience, type of TDI and their prevention varied in the available Apps. However, most were focused on permanent teeth and addressed several TDI in English language only.
Complex introgression among three diverged largemouth bass lineages
Authors: Silliman Katherine , Zhao Honggang , Justice Megan , Thongda Wilawan , Bowen Bryant , Peatman Eric 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHybrid zones between diverged lineages offer a unique opportunity to study evolutionary processes related to speciation. Natural and anthropogenic hybridization in the black basses (Micropterus spp.) is well documented, including an extensive intergrade zone between the widespread northern Largemouth Bass (M. salmoides) and the Florida Bass (M. floridanus). Phenotypic surveys have identified an estuarine population of Largemouth Bass (M. salmoides) in the Mobile‐Tensaw Delta, with larger relative weight and smaller adult size compared to inland populations, suggesting a potential third lineage of largemouth bass. To determine the evolutionary relationships among these Mobile Delta bass populations, M. salmoides and M. floridanus, putative pure and intergrade populations of all three groups were sampled across the eastern United States. Phylogenetic analyses of 8582 nuclear SNPs derived from genotype‐by‐sequencing and the ND2 mitochondrial gene determined that Delta bass populations stem from a recently diverged lineage of Largemouth Bass. Using a novel quantitative pipeline, a panel of 73 diagnostic SNPs was developed for the three lineages, evaluated for accuracy, and then used to screen 881 samples from 52 sites for genetic integrity and hybridization on the Agena MassARRAY platform. These results strongly support a redrawing of native ranges for both the intergrade zone and M. floridanus, which has significant implications for current fisheries management. Furthermore, Delta bass ancestry was shown to contribute significantly to the previously described intergrade zone between northern Largemouth Bass and Florida Bass, suggesting a more complex pattern of secondary contact and introgression among these diverged Micropterus lineages.
Topical 5‐fluorouracil as an adjunct treatment in equine corneolimbal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Offer K. S. , Marchesi F. , Sutton D. G. M. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryAn 11‐year‐old crossbreed mare was presented with a nodular, pink mass at the temporal corneolimbal junction of the right eye. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The mare underwent lamellar keratectomy and conjunctivectomy under general anaesthesia, followed by adjunctive topical chemotherapy with 1% 5‐fluorouracil solution for 10 days post‐operatively. Adverse effects included moderate conjunctival inflammation and exuberant granulation tissue formation at the surgical site, responding to surgical debulking and topical corticosteroid application. No mass regrowth was present at 12 months following discharge. This report describes the successful use of topical 1% 5‐FU as an adjunctive treatment for equine ocular squamous cell carcinoma.
Multi‐view rank‐based random forest: A new algorithm for prediction in eSports
Authors: Birant Kokten Ulas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe main problem associated with the random forest (RF) algorithm is its application of random feature subset selection technique over a single vector. In this technique, the irrelevant or redundant features in a single‐view data have equal chances with the important features to be selected for training a classifier, leading to misclassification. To overcome this problem, this article proposes a novel algorithm, called multi‐view rank‐based random forest (MVRRF). The proposed algorithm builds a set of decision trees from multi‐view data by using a rank‐based feature selection strategy. The main advantages of our method are that (i) it extends the RF algorithm for multi‐view learning, and (ii) it reduces the chances of irrelevant and redundant feature selection, and thus it usually improves the accuracy, generalizability and robustness of the classification models. The aim of our study is to predict the match result of the game League of Legends in electronic sports (eSports). Thus, the eSports teams can define trustworthy strategies through important features. The proposed method can be successfully used in other fields as well as eSports. The experiments that were conducted on a publicly available eSports dataset show that the proposed MVRRF algorithm (93.32%) outperforms the standard RF algorithm (86.38%) on multi‐view data in terms of accuracy. Furthermore, the experimental results also show that our method achieved higher performance than the methods tested in the state of the art studies on the same dataset.
Experimental evidence shows minor contribution of nitrogen deposition to global forest carbon sequestration
Authors: Schulte‐Uebbing Lena F. , Ros Gerard H. , de Vries Wim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHuman activities have drastically increased nitrogen (N) deposition onto forests globally. This may have alleviated N limitation and thus stimulated productivity and carbon (C) sequestration in aboveground woody biomass (AGWB), a stable C pool with long turnover times. This ‘carbon bonus’ of human N use partly offsets the climate impact of human‐induced N2O emissions, but its magnitude and spatial variation are uncertain. Here we used a meta‐regression approach to identify sources of heterogeneity in tree biomass C‐N response (additional C stored per unit of N) based on data from fertilization experiments in global forests. We identified important drivers of spatial variation in forest biomass C‐N response related to climate (potential evapotranspiration), soil fertility (N content) and tree characteristics (stand age), and used these relationships to quantify global spatial variation in N‐induced forest biomass C sequestration. Results show that N deposition enhances biomass C sequestration in only one‐third of global forests, mainly in the boreal region, while N reduces C sequestration in 5% of forests, mainly in the tropics. In the remaining 59% of global forests, N addition has no impact on biomass C sequestration. Average C‐N responses were 11 (4–21) kg C per kg N for boreal forests, 4 (0–8) kg C per kg N for temperate forests and 0 (−4 to 5) kg C per kg N for tropical forests. Our global estimate of the N‐induced forest biomass C sink of 41 (−53 to 159) Tg C yr−1 is substantially lower than previous estimates, mainly due to the absence of any response in most tropical forests (accounting for 58% of the global forest area). Overall, the N‐induced C sink in AGWB only offsets ~5% of the climate impact of N2O emissions (in terms of 100‐year global warming potential), and contributes ~1% to the gross forest C sink.
Ethyl caffeate ameliorated amyloid‐beta42 protein‐associated toxicity inPC12cells andDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Tan Florence Hui Ping , Hadri Nurulhuda Athirah Binti , Najimudin Nazalan , Watanabe Nobumoto , Azzam Ghows 
Published: October 2021

AimAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most pervasive neurodegenerative disorder in societies globally. Till now, the mechanism behind this disease is still equivocal. Amyloid‐beta42 protein (Aβ42), the most toxic and aggressive Aβ species, is the main focus of this study. The naturally occurring ethyl caffeate (EC) is associated with various medicinal properties. Here, EC was tested for its protective properties against Aβ42's toxic effects.MethodsAs treatment of Aβ42 has been shown to cause neuronal cell death, EC was first screened with Aβ42‐incubated PC12 neuronal cells. Next, the compound was tested on theDrosophila melanogasterAD model using the rough eye phenotype assay, lifespan assay and negative geotaxis assay.ResultsEC ameliorated PC12 cells from cell death linked to Aβ42 exposure. UsingDrosophilaexpressing human Aβ42, feeding of EC was able to partially rescue the rough eye phenotype, lengthen the lifespan of ADDrosophilaand enhanced the mobility of middle‐aged ADDrosophila.ConclusionOverall, the results of this study showed that EC might possess therapeutic properties for AD.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 1125–1130.
Virtual learning experiences in population health nursing course during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Manakatt Bushra M. , Carson Zachary W. , Penton Rebekah L. , Demello Annalyn S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo discuss the virtual learning strategies used in population health nursing course during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic.BackgroundThe School of Nursing faculty in a South Central University in the United States quickly combined innovation with digital resources and transitioned a course in population health during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Nursing faculty were challenged to develop student nursing objectives in assessment, planning, intervention and evaluation of vulnerable populations in the community through a virtual environment.Reflections of population health nursing clinical educationThe experiences of five clinical groups are described, covering adults with disabilities, older people, patients with COVID‐19 and youth populations.DiscussionThe course objectives were met through use of a digital environment. Collaborative interventions were designed and implemented with community stakeholders while maintaining social distancing policies. Successes included increased frequency of communication and learning opportunities for students and the community, and student satisfaction. Barriers to student learning were not related to the digital learning environment, although the older adults required modifications to use electronic devices.ConclusionVirtual classrooms are a viable platform to teach population health nursing and to benefit vulnerable populations.Implications for nursing practiceVirtual learning offers benefits within academia and the community. Technology offers the possibility to improve mental health among older people and enhance knowledge among the general population. Students are better able to connect with clinical faculty and stakeholders through digital platforms.Implications for nursing policyNurses play a vital role in improving population health and can collaborate with community stakeholders to implement innovative and sustainable solutions to nursing education, practices and policy. Digital platforms can enhance the involvement of students through these collaborations during and after the pandemic.