bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic patterns in seasonal changes of body mass, skull, and brain size of common shrews
Authors: Lázaro Javier , Nováková Lucie , Hertel Moritz , Taylor Jan R. E. , Muturi Marion , Zub Karol , Dechmann Dina K. N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Some small mammals exhibit Dehnel's Phenomenon, a drastic decrease in body mass, braincase, and brain size from summer to winter, followed by a regrowth in spring. This is accompanied by a re‐organization of the brain and changes in other organs. The evolutionary link between these changes and seasonality remains unclear, although the intensity of change varies between locations as the phenomenon is thought to lead to energy savings during winter.

Here we explored geographic variation of the intensity of Dehnel's Phenomenon in Sorex araneus. We compiled literature on seasonal changes in braincase size, brain, and body mass, supplemented by our own data from Poland, Germany, and Czech Republic.

We analyzed the effect of geographic and climate variables on the intensity of change and patterns of brain re‐organization.

From summer to winter, the braincase height decreased by 13%, followed by 10% regrowth in spring. For body mass, the changes were −21%/+82%, respectively. Changes increased toward northeast. Several climate variables were correlated with these transformations, confirming a link of the intensity of the changes with environmental conditions. This relationship differed for the decrease versus regrowth, suggesting that they may have evolved under different selective pressures.

We found no geographic trends explaining variability in the brain mass changes although they were similar (−21%/+10%) to those of the braincase size. Underlying patterns of change in brain organization in northeastern Poland were almost identical to the pattern observed in southern Germany. This indicates that local habitat characteristics may play a more important role in determining brain structure than broad scale geographic conditions.

We discuss the techniques and criteria used for studying this phenomenon, as well as its potential presence in other taxa and the importance of distinguishing it from other kinds of seasonal variation.
High power density inverter utilizing SiC MOSFET and interstitial via hole PCB for motor drive system
Authors: Sato Ikuya , Tanaka Takaaki , Hori Motohito , Yamada Ryuuji , Toba Akio , Kubota Hisao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a high power density inverter utilizing SiC metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistor (MOSFET) modules and an interstitial via hole (IVH) printed circuit board (PCB) for a motor drive system. The inverter also includes a power circuit, heatsink, cooling fan, gate drive circuit, and DC capacitors. The output power density of the proposed inverter is 81 kW/L. The inverter outputs 37 kW for motor drive applications. To achieve this superior output power density, this paper explains a prototype SiC MOSFET module without an antiparallel schottky barrier diode, and a unique multilayer laminate IVH PCB to connect the modules and DC capacitors. This paper describes the experimental results to verify the motor drive performance and the increase in temperature under the rated load operation.
Efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin according to aetiology in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: insights from the DAPA‐HF trial
Authors: Butt Jawad H. , Nicolau Jose C. , Verma Subodh , Docherty Kieran F. , Petrie Mark C. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Schou Morten , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Langkilde Anna Maria , Martinez Felipe A. , Ponikowski Piotr , Sabatine Marc S. , Sjöstrand Mikaela , Solomon Scott D. , Bengtsson Olof , Jhund Pardeep S. , McMurray John J.V. , Køber Lars 
Published: February 2021

AimsWe examined the efficacy and safety of dapagliflozin, compared with placebo, according to aetiology in patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) enrolled in the Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse‐outcomes in Heart Failure trial (DAPA‐HF).Methods and resultsAetiology was investigator‐reported and categorized as ischaemic or non‐ischaemic. The primary outcome was the composite of an episode of worsening HF or cardiovascular death. A total of 4744 patients were randomized in DAPA‐HF, of whom 2674 (56.4%) patients had an ischaemic aetiology. Participants with an ischaemic aetiology had a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.63], but lower risk of HF hospitalization (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.98) than non‐ischaemic patients. Compared with placebo, dapagliflozin reduced the risk of worsening HF or cardiovascular death to a similar extent in both patients with ischaemic and non‐ischaemic aetiology (HR 0.77, 95% CI 0.65–0.92, and HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.58–0.87, respectively; P for interaction = 0.55). Consistent benefits were observed for the components of the primary outcome and all‐cause mortality. Dapagliflozin, as compared with placebo, increased the proportion of patients with an improvement of Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire total symptom score (KCCQ‐TSS) of ≥5 points (P for interaction = 0.32) and decreased the proportion with a deterioration in KCCQ‐TSS of ≥5 points (P for interaction = 0.76), irrespective of aetiology. Study drug discontinuation and serious adverse events were similar according to treatment groups, irrespective of aetiology.ConclusionsDapagliflozin reduced the risk of worsening HF and death, and improved symptoms, similarly in patients with ischaemic and non‐ischaemic aetiology. In addition, dapagliflozin was safe and well‐tolerated, irrespective of aetiology.
Organocatalytic Amination of Pyrazolones with Azodicarboxylates: Scope and Limitations
Authors: Formánek Bedřich , Šeferna Vít , Meazza Marta , Rios Ramon , Patil Mahendra , Veselý Jan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe organocatalytic amination of pyrazol‐5‐ones with azodicarboxylates (catalyzed by quinine) is reported. This asymmetric process furnishes enantiomerically enriched hydrazine adducts containing quaternary stereocenters in high yields (74–96 %) and enantioselectivities (up to ee 97 %). Theoretical calculations allow us to propose the relations between quinine catalyst and reactants leading to observed stereochemical outcome and trends in the effectivity of the reaction.
Thermo‐mechanical modeling of the temperature dependent forming behavior of thermoplastic prepregs
Authors: Ziegs Jean‐Paul , Weck Daniel , Gude Maik , Kästner Markus 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNumerical optimization of the manufacturing process of hybrid lightweight structures consisting of fiber‐reinforced plastics is of great importance. This article introduces an industry‐oriented modeling approach for the thermoforming process of thermoplastic prepregs. A laminate model combined with established elastic‐plastic constitutive laws is used for the numerical treatment of the temperature dependent material behavior of the composite. The mechanical properties of the Polyamide 66 (PA66) matrix are acquired from a data sheet provided by the manufacturer. Experiments including tensile, shear, and bending tests are performed to characterize the effective deformation behavior of the prepreg in the full temperature range. Appropriate model parameters are determined to represent the temperature dependent deformation behavior of the composite according to the experimental observations. The parameterized material model for the prepreg is eventually applied in the simulation of thermoforming processes to show the influence of process and material parameters on the forming behavior of thermoplastic prepregs.
Performance of unscented Kalman filter for model updating with experimental data
Authors: Cheng Mao , Becker Tracy C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe unscented Kalman filter (UKF) is one of the most widely used algorithms for identifying and updating numerical model parameters. When updating from experimental data, the UKF performs well but it is sensitive to the selection of the initial algorithm variables and vulnerable to the influence of measurement noise. Furthermore, the ability to capture new behavioral features, such as hardening at large displacements, is a challenge. To achieve a more robust algorithm that can learn new features, techniques from the constrained UKF and the adaptive UKF are combined with an additional weighting on learning based on the magnitude of the input. The weighted adaptive constrained unscented Kalman filter (WACUKF) updates the numerical model with adaptive calculation of measurement noise and assigns a different learning rate for measurement data through the weighting function. To confine parameter values in the ranges with physical sense, the WACUKF adopts the sigma points projecting strategy for constrained parameters. Data from two experiments conducted on different structural components, in different laboratories, with different setups are used to validate the effectiveness of the WACUKF and compare against the performance of the UKF. The results demonstrate that the WACUKF can capture and preserve new features during model updating and is more robust and accurate than the UKF.
Prediction of remaining time on site for e‐commerce users: A SOM and long short‐term memory study
Authors: Kao Ling‐Jing , Chiu Chih‐Chou , Wang Hung‐Jui , Ko Chang Yu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith the development of information technology, online transactions and e‐commerce are gradually replacing conventional consumption patterns. To obtain a competitive advantage, industries proactively engage in digital transformations and the management of e‐commerce platforms. Faced with changes in market patterns, e‐commerce channels and online advertising firms hope to extend users' website browsing duration/time on site to enhance the effects of product promotion and the likelihood of advertisement clicks. The greatest challenge in predicting time on site is that clickstream data are not mutually independent, and short‐, mid‐, and long‐term data may intervene in a time series. Such timing dependence increases difficulty of capturing or learning the characteristics of website users for ordinary prediction models and leads to confusion and deviation during model construction. Accordingly, this study proposed a prediction method integrating self‐organizing map (SOM) and long short‐term memory (LSTM). The SOM method was initially applied to categorize website members into groups based on similarities in browsing behavior, and the LSTM prediction model was subsequently developed using the webpage browsing data of each group. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by comparing the prediction with the results of three competing approaches (SOM with support vector regression, SOM with multilayer perceptron, and single LSTM) on the clickstream data provided by a leading online retailer specializing in selling skin care and cosmetics products in Taiwan. The Wilcoxon signed‐rank test validated the proposed SOM‐LSTM model outperforms competing approaches in remaining time‐on‐site prediction. This study serves as a first attempt to systematically predict remaining time on site for e‐commerce users in terms of empirically verifying a hybrid approach which integrates SOM and LSTM techniques.
Intranodal lymphangiography with thoracic duct embolization for the treatment of chyle leaks after head and neck cancer surgery
Authors: Ushinsky Alexander , Guevara Carlos J. , Kim Seung Kwon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThoracic duct injury is a rare complication of head and neck surgery. Thoracic duct embolization (TDE) has been proposed to manage postoperative chyle leaks.MethodsTwelve patients who underwent lymphangiography for a chyle leak after head and neck surgery (M:F = 5:7, mean 55 years) were retrospectively reviewed. Lymphangiographic findings, technical success, complications, and clinical outcomes were analyzed.ResultsChyle leak was identified and TDE attempted in 11 of 12 patients. Three patients required repeat TDE. Technical success of TDE was 86% (12/14). Clinical success for patients with technically successful TDE was 90% (9/10). Median time until drain removal was 2.1 days in nine patients with clinical success. Two major complications were encountered, chylothorax after initial TDE, requiring additional TDE and in one case surgical TD ligation.ConclusionsTDE is a safe treatment for chyle leaks after head and neck surgery with high technical and clinical success rates.
Examining the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the main outcome measure used in mentalization‐based therapy skills training
Authors: Polnay Adam , McIntosh Lindsey G. , Burnett Aileen , Williams Andrea , Cahill Catherine , Wilkinson Peter , Mohammad Fiona , Patrick Jon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsMultiple national guidelines stress the importance for clinicians to possess good therapeutic skills for working with patients with significant relational difficulties (who may receive a diagnosis of personality disorder). Training clinicians in mentalization‐based treatment skills (MBT‐S) is one approach to address this. The main outcome measure used in MBT‐S studies is the Knowledge and Application of MBT Questionnaire (KAMQ). However, an absence of research into the properties and validity of the KAMQ has limited the methodological quality of MBT‐S evaluations so far. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the factor structure, internal consistency, reliability, and validity of the KAMQ.MethodsUsing an existing multiprofessional sample of 217 clinicians from 2014 to 2016, we undertook exploratory factor analysis to determine the factor structure and internal consistency of the KAMQ. Convergent validity of the measure with the Attitudes to Personality Disorder Questionnaire (APDQ) was assessed in a subset of this dataset where both questionnaires had been administered (n = 92). Additionally, by recruiting a new sample of 70 clinicians, we assessed the measure's test‐retest reliability.ResultsFactor analysis found three factors underlying 17 of the 20 KAMQ items, relating to therapeutic skills in mentalizing, beliefs about applying MBT in practice, and specific MBT knowledge. The KAMQ was revised following the factor analysis to form the KAMQ‐2 with 17 items. Internal consistency (α = .85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80‐0.89) and test‐retest reliability (ICC = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.73‐0.91) were good. In correlation analyses, the KAMQ‐2 showed convergent validity with the main factor from the APDQ (n = 48; rs = 0.39, P < .01).ConclusionThe KAMQ‐2 provides a short, reliable self‐report instrument which probes clinicians' knowledge about mentalizing skills, and beliefs about using these. There was preliminary evidence for validity. The properties of the KAMQ‐2 mean that more robust evaluation and development of MBT‐S is now possible.
Three‐class classification of brain magnetic resonance images using average‐pooling convolutional neural network
Authors: Kakarla Jagadeesh , Isunuri Bala Venkateswarlu , Doppalapudi Krishna Sai , Bylapudi Karthik Satya Raghuram 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBrain tumor image classification is one of the predominant tasks of brain image processing. The three‐class brain tumor classification becomes a trivial task for researchers as each tumor exhibit distinct characteristics. Existing classification models use deep neural networks and suffer from high computational cost. We have proposed an eight‐layer average‐pooling convolutional neural network to address three‐class brain tumor classification. The proposed model uses three convolution blocks along with a dense layer and a softmax layer. We have utilized N‐adam optimizer with a sparse‐categorical cross‐entropy loss function to improve the learning rate. The proposed model has been evaluated using a dataset consists of 3064 brain tumor magnetic resonance images. The proposed model outperforms state‐of‐the‐art models with 97.42% accuracy and takes lesser computation time than its competitive models.
Coordinated development of agricultural water resources and the socio‐economy in Shanxi province considering uncertainty*
Authors: Yang Gaiqiang , Ding Lirui , Huo Lijuan , Hu Yuxian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe conflict between agricultural water resources and socio‐economic development is a global problem. Accurate evaluation of coordinated development of agricultural water resources and socio‐economic factors and risk mitigation is necessary for sustainable development under uncertainty. In order to accurately evaluate the coordination between agricultural water resources and socio‐economic development under uncertainty, an evaluation method was applied in this study by coupling an analytic hierarchy process method with an uncertainty analysis method. The evaluation method, including selection of criteria, data collection, determination of indicator weights, evaluation of coordinated development, prediction of parameters, and judgment of coordinated development state, has been proposed to study the degree of coordinated development. To deal with uncertainties, the Monte Carlo method and the fuzzy set method were used. The overall method was demonstrated to solve a real‐world evaluation problem in Shanxi province, China. Results showed that degrees of coordinated development were (0.7, 0.8) for most of the cities in Shanxi in 2015, indicating that the state of coordinated development was intermediate. In 2020, the degree of coordinated development was expected to markedly decrease, the state of coordinated development to be minimal, and agricultural water resources utilization to lag behind socio‐economic development.
Biotransformation and toxicity evaluation of functionalized manganese doped iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Akhtar Kanwal , Javed Yasir , Muhammad Faqir , Akhtar Bushra , Shad Naveed Akhtar , Sajid Muhammad Munir , Jamil Yasir , Sharif Ali , Abbas Wasim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSafe inorganic nanomaterials are tremendously used for diagnosis and therapies. However, essential processing in the microbiological environment changed the physical properties and in situ degradability, which is evaluated meticulously. In this research article, bare, Polyethylene glycol, and citrate coated manganese doped iron oxide nanoparticles are synthesized through the coprecipitation route. Structural, magnetic, optical, and morphological analyses are performed through different characterization tools. X‐ray diffraction confirmed the formation of single‐phase FeMnO3 with a crystallite size of 48.91 nm. Vibrating sample magnetometer analysis confirmed the formation of soft ferromagnetic behavior of bare and coated nanoparticles (NPs). Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of spherical shaped nanoparticles. Single‐dose in vivo acute toxicity testing is performed through the intraperitoneal route of administration on groups of healthy albino rats. Elevated enzyme levels of kidney and liver are observed at day 1 but a transient decrease is observed at later stages. Through optical follow‐up, degradation effects are studied by adding prepared NPs in lysosomal like medium. Finally, metabolization of degraded products based on manganese/iron ions is studied by adding apoferritin into a lysosome like solution. These studies showed partial storage of manganese ions from NPs, while no substantial transfer is observed in the case of manganese salt.
The HIF-PHI BAY 85-3934 (Molidustat) Improves Anemia and Is Associated With Reduced Levels of Circulating FGF23 in a CKD Mouse Model
Authors: Noonan Megan L , Ni Pu , Agoro Rafiou , Sacks Spencer A , Swallow Elizabeth A , Wheeler Jonathan A , Clinkenbeard Erica L , Capitano Maegan L , Prideaux Matthew , Atkins Gerald J , Thompson William R , Allen Matthew R , Broxmeyer Hal E , White Kenneth E 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a critical factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD), with elevated levels causing alterations in mineral metabolism and increased odds for mortality. Patients with CKD develop anemia as the kidneys progressively lose the ability to produce erythropoietin (EPO). Anemia is a potent driver of FGF23 secretion; therefore, a hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) currently in clinical trials to elevate endogenous EPO to resolve anemia was tested for effects on iron utilization and FGF23-related parameters in a CKD mouse model. Mice were fed either a casein control diet or an adenine-containing diet to induce CKD. The CKD mice had markedly elevated iFGF23 and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), hyperphosphatemia, and anemia. Cohorts of mice were then treated with a patient-equivalent dose of BAY 85-3934 (BAY; Molidustat), which elevated EPO and completely resolved aberrant complete blood counts (CBCs) in the CKD mice. iFGF23 was elevated in vehicle-treated CKD mice (120-fold), whereas circulating iFGF23 was significantly attenuated (&gt;60%) in the BAY-treated CKD mice. The BAY-treated mice with CKD also had reduced BUN, but there was no effect on renal vitamin D metabolic enzyme expression. Consistent with increased EPO, bone marrow Erfe, Transferrin receptor (Tfrc), and EpoR mRNAs were increased in BAY-treated CKD mice, and in vitro hypoxic marrow cultures increased FGF23 with direct EPO treatment. Liver Bmp-6 and hepcidin expression were downregulated in all BAY-treated groups. Femur trabecular parameters and cortical porosity were not worsened with BAY administration. In vitro, differentiated osteocyte-like cells exposed to an iron chelator to simulate iron depletion/hypoxia increased FGF23; repletion with holo-transferrin completely suppressed FGF23 and normalized Tfrc1. Collectively, these results support that resolving anemia using a HIF-PHI during CKD was associated with lower BUN and reduced FGF23, potentially through direct restoration of iron utilization, thus providing modifiable outcomes beyond improving anemia for this patient population. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Clinical diagnostic criteria for IgG4‐related sclerosing cholangitis 2020
Authors: Nakazawa Takahiro , Kamisawa Terumi , Okazaki Kazuichi , Kawa Shigeyuki , Tazuma Susumu , Nishino Takayoshi , Inoue Dai , Naitoh Itaru , Watanabe Takayuki , Notohara Kenji , Kubota Kensuke , Ohara Hirotaka , Tanaka Atsushi , Takikawa Hajime , Masamune Atsushi , Unno Michiaki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSeveral years have passed since the clinical diagnostic criteria for IgG4‐related sclerosing cholangitis 2012 were published. New findings and knowledge have accumulated since then.The Research Committees for IgG4‐related Diseases and for Intractable Diseases of the Liver and Biliary Tract, in association with the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan and the Japan Biliary Association, have established a working group consisting of researchers specializing in IgG4‐SC and have drawn up new clinical diagnostic criteria for IgG4‐SC 2020.The diagnosis of IgG4‐SC is based on a combination of the following six criteria: (a) narrowing of the intra‐ or extrahepatic bile duct; (b) thickening of the bile duct wall; (c) serological findings; (d) pathological findings; (e) other organ involvement; and (f) effectiveness of steroid therapy.These new diagnostic criteria for IgG4‐SC are useful in practice for general physicians and other non‐specialists.