bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical role of air and soil temperature in the development of primary and secondary physical dormancy inAlbizia julibrissin(Fabaceae)
Authors: Jaganathan Ganesh K. , Biddick Matthew 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPhysical dormancy (PY) is typically induced by seed coat impermeability that develops once the moisture content of seeds drops below a species-specific threshold. Considering this, we utilizedAlbizia julibrissin(Fabaceae) to ask (i) whether seeds that mature on the outer branches of trees (directly exposed to sunlight) are more likely to be impermeable than seeds matured under canopy cover; (ii) whether this difference might be explained by the maternal environment in which the seeds mature; and (iii) which conditions impose secondary dormancy following dispersal? Temperature was tracked in both shaded and sun-exposed seed pods throughout the growing season using data-loggers. Temperatures remained lower in pods under canopy cover than those exposed to direct sunlight. Consequently, the moisture content of seeds collected from sun-exposed branches were significantly lower than seeds matured under canopy cover, thereby producing a higher percentage of impermeable seeds. A dispersal-mimicking experiment revealed that seeds matured in sun-exposed branches and subsequently dispersed to an open site for 4 months were more likely to develop impermeability (i.e. secondary dormancy). The opposite was found to be true for seeds matured in shaded branches and subsequently dispersed to a canopy-covered site. We conclude that the microclimate of both the maternal environment in which seeds mature, and the site to which they disperse, determines the development of primary and secondary dormancy, respectively.
Despite reductions in muscle mass and muscle strength in adults with CHD, the muscle strength per muscle mass relationship does not differ from controls
Authors: Sandberg Camilla , Crenshaw Albert G , Christersson Christina , Hlebowicz Joanna , Thilén Ulf , Johansson Bengt 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground:Patients with CHD exhibit reduced isometric muscle strength and muscle mass; however, little is known how these parameters relate. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the relation between isometric limb muscle strength and muscle mass for patients in comparison to age- and sex-matched control subjects.Methods:Seventy-four patients (35.6 ± 14.3 years, women n = 22) and 74 matched controls were included. Isometric muscle strength in elbow flexion, knee extension, and hand grip was assessed using dynamometers. Lean mass, reflecting skeletal muscle mass, in the arms and legs was assessed with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.Results:Compared to controls, patients had lower muscle strength in elbow flexion, knee extension, and hand grip, and lower muscle mass in the arms (6.6 ± 1.8 kg versus 5.8 ± 1.7 kg, p < 0.001) and legs (18.4 ± 3.5 kg versus 15.9 ± 3.2 kg, p < 0.001). There was no difference in achieved muscle force per unit muscle mass in patients compared to controls (elbow flexion 0.03 ± 0.004 versus 0.03 ± 0.005 N/g, p = 0.5; grip strength 0.008 ± 0.001 versus 0.008 ± 0.001 N/g, p = 0.7; knee extension 0.027 ± 0.06 versus 0.028 ± 0.06 N/g, p = 0.5). For both groups, muscle mass in the arms correlated strongly with muscle strength in elbow flexion (patients r = 0.86, controls, r = 0.89), hand grip (patients, r = 0.84, controls, r = 0.81), and muscle mass in the leg to knee extension (patients r = 0.64, controls r = 0.68).Conclusion:The relationship between isometric muscle strength and limb muscle mass in adults with CHD indicates that the skeletal muscles have the same efficiency as in healthy controls.
Fetal valproate syndrome with coronary arteriovenous fistula: a case report
Authors: Doğan Alper , Baykan Ali , Vural Cagdas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInterestingly, our case presenting with coronary AV fistula firstly reported in the literature with fetal valproate syndrome. Although differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult, it can be diagnosed with detailed history, physical examination and appropriate laboratory tests. Fetal valproate syndrome can be prevented by discontinue of the valproic acid especially during first trimester of pregnancy.
-ALGEBRAS ASSOCIATED WITH TWO-SIDED SUBSHIFTS
Authors: MATSUMOTO KENGO 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper is a continuation of the paper, Matsumoto [‘Subshifts,$\lambda $-graph bisystems and$C^*$-algebras’,J. Math. Anal. Appl.485 (2020), 123843]. A$\lambda $-graph bisystem consists of a pair of two labeled Bratteli diagrams satisfying a certain compatibility condition on their edge labeling. For any two-sided subshift$\Lambda $, there exists a$\lambda $-graph bisystem satisfying a special property called the follower–predecessor compatibility condition. We construct an AF-algebra${\mathcal {F}}_{\mathcal {L}}$with shift automorphism$\rho _{\mathcal {L}}$from a$\lambda $-graph bisystem$({\mathcal {L}}^-,{\mathcal {L}}^+)$, and define a$C^*$-algebra${\mathcal R}_{\mathcal {L}}$by the crossed product. It is a two-sided subshift analogue of asymptotic Ruelle algebras constructed from Smale spaces. If$\lambda $-graph bisystems come from two-sided subshifts, these$C^*$-algebras are proved to be invariant under topological conjugacy of the underlying subshifts. We present a simplicity condition of the$C^*$-algebra${\mathcal R}_{\mathcal {L}}$and the K-theory formulas of the$C^*$-algebras${\mathcal {F}}_{\mathcal {L}}$and${\mathcal R}_{\mathcal {L}}$. The K-group for the AF-algebra${\mathcal {F}}_{\mathcal {L}}$is regarded as a two-sided extension of the dimension group of subshifts.
Obesity and cancer: student therapeutic radiographers’ understanding of obesity and cancer and their role in weight management
Authors: Kaur Manmeet , Charlesworth Laura 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims:To explore student therapeutic radiographers’ understanding of obesity and cancer and to identify if student therapeutic radiographers believe that radiographers should have a role within weight management.Materials and Methods:This study used a self-completed online questionnaire (google forms) to collect data from Radiotherapy and Oncology students, studying at one Higher Education Institution, to gain an understanding of their current knowledge of weight management. A retrospective margin of error calculation was carried out, showing a 9% margin of error with a 90% confidence level.Results:In total 57 responses were received, n = 50 BSc students and n = 7 pre-registration MSc students. Three key barriers to openly discussing weight loss management with service users emerged from the questionnaire data; these were a lack of time, lack of clear guidelines and lack of confidence. These barriers could potentially be addressed by improving education and training, making it easier for therapeutic radiographers to openly discuss weight management with service users.Findings:Awareness of guidelines was suboptimal, with 82% (n = 47) of respondents unaware of any guidelines. In addition to this, the majority of students identified a lack of confidence as a barrier to them providing weight management advice. Despite this, 54·4% of respondents agreed that radiographers should have a role in providing weight management advice, with 22·2% of respondents being unsure. Findings suggest that behaviour change is required amounts both students and staff members, so that healthcare professionals are more inclined to have healthy weight management discussions. Perhaps more specialist roles need to be developed, so that healthy weight management discussions can become a norm.
Thermal Constraints on the Longevity, Depth, and Vertical Extent of Magmatic Systems
Authors: Glazner Allen F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMagmatic regions are typically viewed as vertical systems, with magma coming in the bottom and either freezing in the crust to form plutons or erupting to form volcanic rocks. Maintaining an upper‐crustal magmatic system for 105–106 Ma timescales requires establishing and maintaining a strong perturbation in the geotherm via continued input of magma from below. Thermal models indicate that establishing such a system requires the energy content of a vertical stack of magma tens of km thick, and maintaining the system requires continual supply of tens of km per million years. These rates of magma addition into the upper crust would require rapid crustal thickening and surface uplift, neither of which are observed at the required scale. Mass and energy balance issues are ameliorated if large magmatic systems are primarily lower‐crustal phenomena without long‐term upper‐crustal storage and if horizontal space‐making processes (extension), rather than vertical inflation, focus magmatism, and induce decompression melting.
Impact of Different Atmospheric Forcing Sets on Modeling Labrador Sea Water Production
Authors: Pennelly Clark , Myers Paul G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA numerical modeling sensitivity study is carried out within the Labrador Sea by varying the atmospheric conditions. From forcing NEMO simulations with five atmospheric products commonly used in ocean modeling (DFS5.2, ERA‐Interim, CGRF, ERA5, and JRA55‐do), we calculate the air–sea heat fluxes that occur over the Labrador Sea (2002–2015 annual‐average net heat flux: −53.4, −51.0, −46.6, −58.5, and−47.9 W m−2). With differences up to 12 W m−2 in net surface heat flux averaged over a central region of the Labrador Sea, each product supplied different atmospheric conditions. While the salinity‐dependent surface buoyancy fluxes were similar across all simulation, differences between each simulation's solar and nonsolar heat flux led to significant changes in the level of stratification (up to 400 J m−3), depth of the mixed layer (up to 300 m), and thickness of Labrador Sea Water (LSW; up to 300 m). Greater buoyancy loss from the Labrador Sea produced LSW with greater density. However, the production rate of LSW was not clearly affected by small changes in the surface buoyancy flux.
Water Mass Variability and Levantine Intermediate Water Formation in the Eastern Mediterranean Between 2015 and 2017
Authors: Fach Bettina A. , Orek Hasan , Yilmaz Elif , Tezcan Devrim , Salihoglu Ilkay , Salihoglu Baris , Latif Mohammed Abdul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe physical characteristics of water masses in the Cilician Basin were analyzed based on recent, comprehensive in‐situ data. Nine seasonal cruises from June 2015 to November 2017 were carried out in an area located in the north‐eastern Levantine Basin between the coasts of Turkey and Cyprus. In this little studied area, the structure of the water column, its seasonal variability, and water formation events are investigated. The extensive data set reveals that in summer Modified Atlantic Water (MAW) is observed at about 50 m depth. Saltier and warmer Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) lies below the MAW between ∼100 and 250 m. During winter, the water column becomes mixed due to surface cooling and vertical convection, and displays uniform properties from the surface to about 200–300 m depths. The yearly cycle of a vertically uniform water column during winter and the appearance of LIW in the following period suggests that LIW is being formed in this region, which is confirmed through heat and buoyancy flux calculations. It is the first time LIW formation is reported in this area of the north‐eastern Levantine Basin and adds to the areas of LIW formation outside Rhodes Gyre. In the 2.5 years of the study, LIW salinity increased by 0.11 psu in 2017, while surface water salinity increased by 0.5 psu over the same period. The presence of meso‐scale eddies in the study area is observed throughout the year. The eddies are short‐lived, having a time span of a few months, during which they either change location or disappear.
The Spatial Distribution of Aeolian Dust and Terrigenous Fluxes in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean Since the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Rowland George H. , Robinson Laura F. , Hendry Katharine R. , Ng Hong Chin , McGee David , McManus Jerry F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe flux of terrestrial material from the continents to the oceans links the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere through physical and biogeochemical processes, with important implications for Earth's climate. Quantitative estimates of terrigenous fluxes from sources such as rivers, aeolian dust, and resuspended shelf sediments are required to understand how the processes delivering terrigenous material respond to and are influenced by climate. We compile thorium‐230 normalized232Th flux records in the tropical Atlantic to provide an improved understanding of aeolian fluxes since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). By identifying and isolating sites dominated by aeolian terrigenous inputs, we show that there was a persistent meridional gradient in dust fluxes in the eastern equatorial Atlantic at the LGM, arguing against a large southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone during LGM boreal winter. The ratio of LGM to late‐Holocene232Th fluxes highlights a meridional difference in the magnitude of variations in dust deposition, with sites <10°N showing larger changes over time. This supports an interpretation of increased trade wind strength at the LGM, potentially combined with differential changes in soil moisture and reductions in higher altitude summer winds. Our results also highlight the persistent importance of continental margins as sources of high terrigenous flux to the open ocean. This is especially evident in the western tropical Atlantic, where study locations reveal the primary influence of the South American continent up to >700 km away, characterized by232Th fluxes approximately twice as large as aeolian‐dominated sites in the east.
Going Beyond the Ensemble Mean: Assessment of Future Floods From Global Multi‐Models
Authors: Giuntoli Ignazio , Prosdocimi Ilaria , Hannah David M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFuture changes in the occurrence of flood events can be estimated using multi‐model ensembles to inform adaption and mitigation strategies. In the near future, these estimates could be used to guide the updating of exceedance probabilities for flood control design and water resources management. However, the estimate of return levels from ensemble experiments represents a challenge: model runs are affected by biases and uncertainties and by inconsistencies in simulated peak flows when compared with observed data. Moreover, extreme value distributions are generally fit to ensemble members individually and then averaged to obtain the ensemble fit with loss of information. To overcome these limitations, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model for assessing changes in future peak flows, and the uncertainty coming from global climate, global impact models and their interaction. The model we propose allows use of all members of the ensemble at once for estimating changes in the parameters of an extreme value distribution from historical to future peak flows. The approach is applied to a set of grid‐cells in the eastern United States to the full and to a constrained version of the ensemble. We find that, while the dominant source of uncertainty in the changes varies across the domain, there is a consensus on a decrease in flood magnitudes toward the south. We conclude that projecting future flood magnitude under climate change remains elusive due to large uncertainty mostly coming from global models and from the intrinsic uncertain nature of extreme values.
Excitatory–inhibitory balance within EEG microstates and resting-state fMRI networks: assessed via simultaneous trimodal PET–MR–EEG imaging
Authors: Rajkumar Ravichandran , Régio Brambilla Cláudia , Veselinović Tanja , Bierbrier Joshua , Wyss Christine , Ramkiran Shukti , Orth Linda , Lang Markus , Rota Kops Elena , Mauler Jörg , Scheins Jürgen , Neumaier Bernd , Ermert Johannes , Herzog Hans , Langen Karl-Josef , Binkofski Ferdinand Christoph , Lerche Christoph , Shah N. Jon , Neuner Irene 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe symbiosis of neuronal activities and glucose energy metabolism is reflected in the generation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) signals. However, their association with the balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition (E/I-B), which is closely related to the activities of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the receptor availability (RA) of GABAA and mGluR5, remains unexplored. This research investigates these associations during the resting state (RS) condition using simultaneously recorded PET/MR/EEG (trimodal) data. The trimodal data were acquired from three studies using different radio-tracers such as, [11C]ABP688 (ABP) (N = 9), [11C]Flumazenil (FMZ) (N = 10) and 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) (N = 10) targeted to study the mGluR5, GABAA receptors and glucose metabolism respectively. Glucose metabolism and neuroreceptor binding availability (non-displaceable binding potential (BPND)) of GABAA and mGluR5 were found to be significantly higher and closely linked within core resting-state networks (RSNs). The neuronal generators of EEG microstates and the fMRI measures were most tightly associated with the BPND of GABAA relative to mGluR5 BPND and the glucose metabolism, emphasising a predominance of inhibitory processes within in the core RSNs at rest. Changes in the neuroreceptors leading to an altered coupling with glucose metabolism may render the RSNs vulnerable to psychiatric conditions. The paradigm employed here will likely help identify the precise neurobiological mechanisms behind these alterations in fMRI functional connectivity and EEG oscillations, potentially benefitting individualised healthcare treatment measures.
Multimethod investigation of the neurobiological basis of ADHD symptomatology in children aged 9-10: baseline data from the ABCD study
Authors: Owens Max M. , Allgaier Nicholas , Hahn Sage , Yuan DeKang , Albaugh Matthew , Adise Shana , Chaarani Bader , Ortigara Joseph , Juliano Anthony , Potter Alexandra , Garavan Hugh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAttention deficit/hyperactivity disorder is associated with numerous neurocognitive deficits, including poor working memory and difficulty inhibiting undesirable behaviors that cause academic and behavioral problems in children. Prior work has attempted to determine how these differences are instantiated in the structure and function of the brain, but much of that work has been done in small samples, focused on older adolescents or adults, and used statistical approaches that were not robust to model overfitting. The current study used cross-validated elastic net regression to predict a continuous measure of ADHD symptomatology using brain morphometry and activation during tasks of working memory, inhibitory control, and reward processing, with separate models for each MRI measure. The best model using activation during the working memory task to predict ADHD symptomatology had an out-of-sample R2 = 2% and was robust to residualizing the effects of age, sex, race, parental income and education, handedness, pubertal status, and internalizing symptoms from ADHD symptomatology. This model used reduced activation in task positive regions and reduced deactivation in task negative regions to predict ADHD symptomatology. The best model with morphometry alone predicted ADHD symptomatology with an R2 = 1% but this effect dissipated when including covariates. The inhibitory control and reward tasks did not yield generalizable models. In summary, these analyses show, with a large and well-characterized sample, that the brain correlates of ADHD symptomatology are modest in effect size and captured best by brain morphometry and activation during a working memory task.
Histone demethylase KDM4C controls tumorigenesis of glioblastoma by epigenetically regulating p53 and c-Myc
Authors: Lee Dong Hoon , Kim Go Woon , Yoo Jung , Lee Sang Wu , Jeon Yu Hyun , Kim So Yeon , Kang Hyeok Gu , Kim Da-Hyun , Chun Kyung-Hee , Choi Junjeong , Kwon So Hee 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlioblastoma is the most lethal brain tumor and its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. KDM4C is a histone H3K9 demethylase that contributes to epigenetic regulation of both oncogene and tumor suppressor genes and is often overexpressed in human tumors, including glioblastoma. However, KDM4C’s roles in glioblastoma and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that KDM4C knockdown significantly represses proliferation and tumorigenesis of glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo that are rescued by overexpressing wild-type KDM4C but not a catalytic dead mutant. KDM4C protein expression is upregulated in glioblastoma, and its expression correlates with c-Myc expression. KDM4C also binds to the c-Myc promoter and induces c-Myc expression. Importantly, KDM4C suppresses the pro-apoptotic functions of p53 by demethylating p53K372me1, which is pivotal for the stability of chromatin-bound p53. Conversely, depletion or inhibition of KDM4C promotes p53 target gene expression and induces apoptosis in glioblastoma. KDM4C may serve as an oncogene through the dual functions of inactivation of p53 and activation of c-Myc in glioblastoma. Our study demonstrates KDM4C inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy for targeting glioblastoma.
A novel somatosensory spatial navigation system outside the hippocampal formation
Authors: Long Xiaoyang , Zhang Sheng-Jia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSpatially selective firing of place cells, grid cells, boundary vector/border cells and head direction cells constitutes the basic building blocks of a canonical spatial navigation system centered on the hippocampal-entorhinal complex. While head direction cells can be found throughout the brain, spatial tuning outside the hippocampal formation is often non-specific or conjunctive to other representations such as a reward. Although the precise mechanism of spatially selective firing activity is not understood, various studies show sensory inputs, particularly vision, heavily modulate spatial representation in the hippocampal-entorhinal circuit. To better understand the contribution of other sensory inputs in shaping spatial representation in the brain, we performed recording from the primary somatosensory cortex in foraging rats. To our surprise, we were able to detect the full complement of spatially selective firing patterns similar to that reported in the hippocampal-entorhinal network, namely, place cells, head direction cells, boundary vector/border cells, grid cells and conjunctive cells, in the somatosensory cortex. These newly identified somatosensory spatial cells form a spatial map outside the hippocampal formation and support the hypothesis that location information modulates body representation in the somatosensory cortex. Our findings provide transformative insights into our understanding of how spatial information is processed and integrated in the brain, as well as functional operations of the somatosensory cortex in the context of rehabilitation with brain-machine interfaces.