bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Cranioplasty Strategies for High-Risk Complex Cranial Defects
Authors: Soto Edgar , Restrepo Ryan D. , Grant John H. , Myers René P. 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
Although the literature contains reports of the risks and complications of calvarial vault reconstruction for acquired defects, there are few publications addressing the specific patient population who require such reconstructions in cases preceded by prior infection, radiation, massive associated soft tissue trauma, and so on. We define such clinical presentations as a hostile environment for large surface area reconstruction. Our objective is to compare the safety and efficacy of autologous bone and alloplastic reconstruction in hostile cranial defects.

Methods
An institutional review board–approved retrospective review of patients who underwent cranioplasty of a hostile site at the University of Alabama at Birmingham between January 2008 and December 2018 was performed. The patients were stratified into 3 groups based on the type of implant used: autogenous (bone), alloplastic (polyetheretherketone [PEEK], titanium, polymethyl methacrylate), or mixed (combination of bone and prosthetic). The primary outcome metric was a complication in the year after cranioplasty, identified by implant failure, necrosis, or infection. Statistical analysis included t tests and χ2 tests where appropriate using SPSS.

Results
There were 55 total cases in this period: 27 autogenous, 23 alloplastic, and 5 mixed. The purely autogenous group had the highest complication rate (44%), and the alloplastic group had the lowest complication rate (38%), which was not statistically different between the 3 groups (P = 0.121). When stratified by specific material used for reconstruction (27 bone, 14 PEEK, 10 titanium, and 5 polymethyl methacrylate), overall complication rate was statistically significant (P = 0.009, χ2 test), with PEEK implants having the lowest complication rate (21%).

Conclusions
This analysis interestingly found that in the setting of hostile cranial defects, cranioplasties would benefit from the use of prosthetic implants instead of autologous bone grafts, not only for avoidance of donor site morbidity but also for a decrease in overall complications.
A Biologically Plausible Model for Continual Learning using Synaptic Weight Attractors
Authors: Ghosh Romik , Mastrovito Dana , Mihalas Stefan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe human brain readily learns tasks in sequence without forgetting previous ones. Artificial neural networks (ANNs), on the other hand, need to be modified to achieve similar performance. While effective, many algorithms that accomplish this are based on weight importance methods that do not correspond to biological mechanisms. Here we introduce a simple, biologically plausible, method for enabling effective continual learning in ANNs. We show that it is possible to learn a weight-dependent plasticity function that prevents catastrophic forgetting over multiple tasks. We highlight the effectiveness of our method by evaluating it on a set of MNIST classification tasks. We further find that the use of our method promotes synaptic multi-modality, similar to that seen in biology.
Organic electrolytic photocapacitors for stimulation of the mouse somatosensory cortex
Authors: Missey Florian , Botzanowski Boris , Migliaccio Ludovico , Acerbo Emma , Głowacki Eric Daniel , Williamson Adam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveFor decades electrical stimulation has been used in neuroscience to investigate brain networks and been deployed clinically as a mode of therapy. Classically, all methods of electrical stimulation require implanted electrodes to be connected in some manner to an apparatus which provides power for the stimulation itself.ApproachWe show the use of novel organic electronic devices, specifically organic electrolytic photocapacitors (OEPCs), which can be activated when illuminated with deep-red wavelengths of light and correspondingly do not require connections with external wires or power supplies when implanted at various depths in vivo.Main resultsWe stimulated cortical brain tissue of mice with devices implanted subcutaneously, as well as beneath both the skin and skull to demonstrate a wireless stimulation of the whisker motor cortex. Devices induced both a behavior response (whisker movement) and a sensory response in the corresponding sensory cortex. Additionally, we showed that coating OEPCs with a thin layer of a conducting polymer formulation (PEDOT:PSS) significantly increases their charge storage capacity, and can be used to further optimize the applied photoelectrical stimulation.SignificanceOverall, this new technology can provide an on-demand electrical stimulation by simply using an OEPC and a deep-red wavelength illumination. Wires and interconnects to provide power to implanted neurostimulation electrodes are often problematic in freely-moving animal research and with implanted electrodes for long-term therapy in patients. Our wireless brain stimulation opens new perspectives for wireless electrical stimulation for applications in fundamental neurostimulation and in chronic therapy.
Deep mining of the Sequence Read Archive reveals bipartite coronavirus genomes and inter-family Spike glycoprotein recombination
Authors: Lauber Chris , Vaas Josef , Klingler Franziska , Mutz Pascal , Gorbalenya Alexander E. , Bartenschlager Ralf , Seitz Stefan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGenetic variation in RNA viruses is generated by point mutation and recombination as well as reassortment in the case of viruses with segmented genomes. While point mutation concerns only few sites per genome copy, recombination and reassortment can affect large genome regions, possibly facilitating the sudden emergence of novel traits. The contribution of recombination and reassortment to genomic plasticity and their rates remain poorly understood and might be underappreciated because of the lack of a comprehensive description of the virosphere.Here we employed a computational approach that directly queries primary sequencing data in a highly parallelized way and involves a targeted viral genome assembly strategy. By screening more than 213,000 data sets from the Sequence Read Archive repository and using two metrics that quantitatively assess assembly quality we discovered 25 novel nidoviruses from a wide range of vertebrate hosts. These include eight fish coronaviruses with bipartite genomes, a giant 36.1 kilobase coronavirus genome with a duplicated Spike glycoprotein (S) gene, and 16 additional so far undescribed vertebrate nidoviruses. Some of these novel virus genomes encode protein domains that have not been described for nidoviruses. We provide evidence for a possible inter-family homologous recombination event involving S between ancestral bipartite coronaviruses and unsegmented tobaniviruses and report a case example of an individual fish simultaneously infected with members from both virus families. Our results shed light on the evolution and genomic plasticity of coronaviruses and identify recombinants with a possibly improved ability to cross species barriers, which might elevate their pandemic potential.
Consumer retention in two-wheeler industry: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Malhotra Gunjan 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to understand two-wheeler consumer retention behavior by examining their perception of service evaluation variables (such as service quality, perceived product quality and perceived consumer value), brand image and consumer empowerment that may trigger consumer satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachThe study comprised a simple random sampling technique and conducted a survey (n = 284) using a structured questionnaire. The study analyzed the data using SPSS AMOS version 25 and PROCESS macros for analysis.FindingsThe study results show that service evaluation variables work best in leading to consumer retention in the two-wheeler industry. This relationship is further strengthened in the presence of consumer empowerment, brand image and consumer satisfaction.Originality/valueThe current study is one of the first studies in the two-wheeler industry that examine the relationship between service evaluation variables and consumer retention using direct, mediation and moderation effects.
Software documentation is not enough! Requirements for the documentation of AI
Authors: Königstorfer Florian , Thalmann Stefan 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Artificial intelligence (AI) is currently one of the most disruptive technologies and can be applied in many different use cases. However, applying AI in regulated environments is challenging, as it is currently not clear how to achieve and assess the fairness, accountability and transparency (FAT) of AI. Documentation is one promising governance mechanism to ensure that AI is FAT when it is applied in practice. However, due to the nature of AI, documentation standards from software engineering are not suitable to collect the required evidence. Even though FAT AI is called for by lawmakers, academics and practitioners, suitable guidelines on how to document AI are not available. This interview study aims to investigate the requirements for AI documentations.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 16 interviews were conducted with senior employees from companies in the banking and IT industry as well as with consultants. The interviews were then analyzed using an informed-inductive coding approach.

Findings
The authors found five requirements for AI documentation, taking the specific nature of AI into account. The interviews show that documenting AI is not a purely technical task, but also requires engineers to present information on how the AI is understandably integrated into the business process.

Originality/value
This paper benefits from the unique insights of senior employees into the documentation of AI.
Exploring the role of faculty and staff mentors in fostering ethical leadership among undergraduate students: “We have to narrow the distance”
Authors: Evans Meg E. , Taylor Rebecca M. , McCloud Laila , Burr Katherine 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this interdisciplinary study is to identify the aspects that faculty, student affairs educators and students indicate as salient for effective mentoring relationships that enhance ethical leadership development.Design/methodology/approachThis exploratory qualitative inquiry used the Relational-Ethical-Affective-Dialogic (READ) mentoring model as a framework to examine the experiences of 13 undergraduate mentees and faculty/staff mentors in a formal mentoring program. Each study participant engaged in one semi-structured interview. Researchers coded and analyzed data using the sort and sift, think and shift process identifying power quotes to guide the thematic analysis.FindingsThe data collected in this study revealed insights into the aspects of mentor relationships that both undergraduate mentees and their mentors perceived as contributing to students' ethical leadership development. Salient elements included: (1) relational features of the mentee-mentor dynamic including trust and reciprocity; (2) structural features of the mentoring program including its focus on ethics; and (3) mentoring approaches that were attentive to power and positionality within the mentoring relationship and involved professional judgment about self-disclosure.Originality/valueThis study adds to the literature by exploring effective mentoring for ethical leadership development across disciplines. With colleges and universities serving a vital role in preparing the next generation of leaders for ethical engagement in their democratic and professional roles after graduation, it is imperative to broaden our understanding of how faculty and staff can support students' ethical leadership development.
Returning to a scamming destination: insights from Vung Tau, Vietnam
Authors: Ly Tuan Phong , Yi Kim Quang , Fok Hilda Hio Fong 
Published: October 2021

PurposeIn Vietnam, there is a phenomenon that domestic tourists return to some tourist destinations despite their reputation of tourists being scammed. This study aims to focusses on Vung Tau City in Vietnam as a popular seaside destination to explain this interesting phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachThereby, 22 domestic tourists who are repeated visitors and had experienced scams directly and/or indirectly in Vung Tau were interviewed and later took part in a self-evaluation.FindingsThe data shows that unreasonable charges, switching products, false reporting and dishonest middle-persons are the major dominant scams in the city. Furthermore, all visitors could be scammed regardless of gender, educational background or age. Even though scams may occur, the city remains to be a popular getaway destination for the Southern part of Vietnam due to its irreplaceable natural resources and visit intention of domestic tourists. The local authority has tried different ways to suppress issues related to tourist scams, however, due to their sociocultural and economic conditions, scams find ways to exist. Under this circumstance, domestic tourists tend to figure out how to handle scams by themselves whilst very few of them rely on the public sector to deal with them.Practical implicationsFinally, some practical strategies and recommendations are given as a reference for the local authority and businesses for long-term tourist business development.Originality/valueThis paper, respectively, investigates the common scams against domestic tourists in Vung Tau, reasons they still return to this destination, and finally, how these visitors attempt to avoid scams.
Analyzing the environmental sustainability of primary schools’ facades within the scope of life cycle assessment in Turkey and recommendations for improvement
Authors: Keles Cagla , Yazicioglu Fatih 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the sustainability conditions of primary schools in Turkey within the scope of the life cycle assessment (LCA). It is aimed to develop optimum alternatives to reduce the environmental impact of primary schools and reach environmental sustainability targets of the sustainable development goals in Turkey.Design/methodology/approachFrom the construction project of 103 buildings located in Istanbul, 10 case buildings with various typical plans were chosen for analysis. The results regarding their life cycle energy and carbon emission for material production, operation and maintenance stages were calculated for a lifespan of 50 years. Results were evaluated and compared within the scope of environmental sustainability. Optimum alternatives for improving the environmental sustainability and performances of selected case buildings’ facades were developed, and the life cycle energy and carbon emission for proposed conditions were calculated. The obtained results were evaluated for current and proposed conditions.FindingsResults showed that reinforced concrete material contributes the most to the life cycle-embodied energy and CO2 emission of buildings. Cooling load increases the life cycle operational energy (LCOE) and CO2 emission of buildings. Using high-performance glazing significantly reduces LCOE and CO2 emission. Recycled and fiber-based materials have significant potential for reducing life cycle-embodied energy and CO2 emission.Originality/valueThis study has been developed in response to achieving sustainable development targets on public buildings in Turkey. In this regard, external walls of primary schools were analyzed within the scope of LCA and recommendations were made to contribute to the policies and regulations requested by the Government of Turkey. This study proves that alternative and novel materials have great potential for achieving sustainable public buildings. The study answers to questions about reducing the environmental impact of primary school buildings by using LCA approach with a holistic point of view.
Unveiling metabolic characteristics of an uncultured Gammaproteobacterium responsible for in situ PAH biodegradation in petroleum polluted soil
Authors: Cai Xixi , Li Jibing , Guan Fengyi , Luo Xiaoshan , Yuan Yong 
Published: October 2021

SummaryExploring the metabolic characteristics of indigenous PAH degraders is critical to understanding the PAH bioremediation mechanism in the natural environment. While stable‐isotopic probing (SIP) is a viable method to identify functional microorganisms in complex environments, the metabolic characteristics of uncultured degraders are still elusive. Here, we investigated the naphthalene (NAP) biodegradation of petroleum polluted soils by combining SIP, amplicon sequencing and metagenome binning. Based on the SIP and amplicon sequencing results, an uncultured Gammaproteobacterium sp. was identified as the key NAP degrader. Additionally, the assembled genome of this uncultured degrader was successfully obtained from the 13C‐DNA metagenomes by matching its 16S rRNA gene with the SIP identified OTU sequence. Meanwhile, a number of NAP degrading genes encoding naphthalene/PAH dioxygenases were identified in this genome, further confirming the direct involvement of this indigenous degrader in the NAP degradation. The degrader contained genes related to the metabolisms of several carbon sources, energy substances and vitamins, illuminating potential reasons for why microorganisms cannot be cultivated and finally realize their cultivation. Our findings provide novel information on the mechanisms of in situ PAH biodegradation and add to our current knowledge on the cultivation of non‐culturable microorganisms by combining both SIP and metagenome binning.
Size matters? Rapid automatized naming of shape sizes, reading accuracy and reading speed
Authors: Cohen‐Mimran Ravit , Yifat Rachel , Banai Karen 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe relationship between rapid automatized naming (RAN) and reading has been examined extensively, but there is still a question as to the reason for the relationship. To reduce involvement of alphanumeric and vocabulary knowledge in RAN, and to possibly reduce phonological demands, researchers have suggested using the RAN sizes that have only two items, that is, naming shapes according to two sizes: ‘little’ or ‘big’. However, despite the RAN sizes advantages, as far as we know, this test is not widely used. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether RAN sizes in kindergarten predict reading speed and accuracy toward the end of first grade among Hebrew speaking children.MethodsA total of 113 Hebrew‐speaking children were assessed twice. In preschool, we collected matrix reasoning, phonological awareness and RAN sizes data. In first grade, these data were recollected along with reading data.ResultsKindergarten RAN sizes accounted for 4% of the variance in reading accuracy and 4% of the variance in reading speed. Phonological awareness accounted for 4% of the variance in reading accuracy only. In first grade, RAN sizes explained 19% of the variance in reading speed, with no significant contribution to accuracy. Phonological awareness still explained 4% of the variance in accuracy.ConclusionsThe results from the current study support the claim that RAN is a unique longitudinal predictor of early reading, over and above phonological awareness. Moreover, rapid size naming may be used to test RAN with less reliance on alphanumeric and vocabulary knowledge. Finally, RAN sizes may be used to predict reading speed in Hebrew.HighlightsWhat is already known about this topic

Two of the main precursors of word reading ability are phonological awareness (PA) and rapid automatized naming (RAN).
RAN of digits and letters is more strongly related to reading than RAN of colours and objects.
The relationship between RAN and reading depends on orthographic regularity.
What this paper adds

RAN in kindergarten predicts speed and accuracy of reading pointed Hebrew in first grade.
Among Hebrew‐speaking children, by the end of first grade, PA contributed a significant unique variance to reading accuracy and RAN sizes contributed a significant unique variance to reading speed.
Implications for theory, policy or practice

RAN sizes can be used when less reliance on alphanumeric and vocabulary knowledge is needed.
Among kindergarten and first grade Hebrew‐speaking children, RAN sizes can be used to predict reading speed.
Advances in smart delivery of food bioactive compounds using stimuli‐responsive carriers: Responsive mechanism, contemporary challenges, and prospects
Authors: Shishir Mohammad Rezaul Islam , Gowd Vemana , Suo Hao , Wang Mingfu , Wang Qiang , Chen Feng , Cheng Ka‐Wing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMany important food bioactive compounds are plant secondary metabolites that have traditional applications for health promotion and disease prevention. However, the chemical instability and poor bioavailability of these compounds represent major challenges to researchers. In the last decade, therefore, major impetus has been given for the research and development of advanced carrier systems for the delivery of natural bioactive molecules. Among them, stimuli‐responsive carriers hold great promise for simultaneously improving stability, bioavailability, and more importantly delivery and on‐demand release of intact bioactive phytochemicals to target sites in response to certain stimuli or combination of them (e.g., pH, temperature, oxidant, enzyme, and irradiation) that would eventually enhance therapeutic outcomes and reduce side effects. Hybrid formulations (e.g., inorganic–organic complexes) and multi‐stimuli‐responsive formulations have demonstrated great potential for future studies. Therefore, this review systematically compiles and assesses the recent advances on the smart delivery of food bioactive compounds, particularly quercetin, curcumin, and resveratrol through stimuli‐responsive carriers, and critically reviews their functionality, underlying triggered‐release mechanism, and therapeutic potential. Finally, major limitations, contemporary challenges, and possible solutions/future research directions are highlighted. Much more research is needed to optimize the processing parameters of existing formulations and to develop novel ones for lead food bioactive compounds to facilitate their food and nutraceutical applications.
Enacting multiple river realities in the performance of an environmental flow in Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin
Authors: Jackson Sue 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn 2018, a large, coordinated environmental flow was instituted along the Barwon‐Darling (Barka) River to connect ecosystems and restore public confidence in water regulation in the Murray‐Darling Basin. This article examines the multiple river realities enacted by this event—environmental flow, regulated flow, unregulated flow, shut‐up flow—as a conflict over what constitutes the character of water during substantial change in Australia’s settler colonial systems of water governance. Geographical analyses of event spaces from military contexts assisted in unpacking the ontological and spatio‐temporal matters germane to this situation in which managers needed to heed the dynamism of the river at both material and institutional registers. The article describes the scientific and regulatory practices and visual technologies through which management of an “event‐ful” river brought together some waters (but not others) into something ontologically secure and coherent, and therefore governable. It shows how the naturalising discourse constrained and enabled what could be said about the relations deserving of water and who gets to decide what socio‐material connections water might make. Aboriginal leaders interviewed during the flow chose to emphasise a wider relational set of connections than did state water managers, and to accentuate dysfunctional and destructive relations, thereby inviting others to think and feel differently about environmental flows.