bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment and Outcomes of Patients With Ischemic Stroke During COVID-19
Authors: Srivastava Pratyaksh K. , Zhang Shuaiqi , Xian Ying , Xu Hanzhang , Rutan Christine , Alger Heather M. , Walchok Jason G. , Williams Joseph H. , de Lemos James A. , Decker-Palmer Marquita R. , Alhanti Brooke , Elkind Mitchell S.V. , Messé Steve R. , Smith Eric E. , Schwamm Lee H. , Fonarow Gregg C. 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created challenges in the delivery of acute stroke care. In this study, we analyze the characteristics, evaluation, treatment, and in-hospital outcomes of patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19.

Methods:
Get With The Guidelines-Stroke is a national registry of adults with stroke in the United States. Using this registry, we identified patients with a diagnosis of AIS before (n=39 113; November 1, 2019–February 3, 2020) and after (n=41 971; February 4, 2020–June 29, 2020) the first reported case of COVID-19 in the registry. Characteristics, treatment patterns, quality metrics, and in-hospital outcomes were compared between the 2 groups.

Results:
Stroke presentations decreased by an average of 15.3% per week in the during COVID-19 time period when compared with similar months in 2019. Compared with patients with AIS in the pre-COVID-19 era, patients in the COVID-19 time period had similar rates of intravenous alteplase and endovascular therapy, and similar door to computed tomography, door to needle, and door to endovascular therapy times. In adjusted models, inpatient mortality was similar between those presenting with AIS pre-COVID-19 and during COVID-19 (4.8% versus 5.2%; odds ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 0.97–1.13]).

Conclusions:
Among hospitals participating in Get With The Guidelines-Stroke, patients presenting with AIS during COVID-19 received, with few exceptions, similar quality care and experienced similar risk-adjusted outcomes when compared with patients with AIS presenting pre-COVID-19. These findings demonstrate that stroke care in the United States remains robust during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Aflibercept, a VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)-Trap, Reduces Vascular Permeability and Stroke-Induced Brain Swelling in Obese Mice
Authors: Kim Il-doo , Cave John W. , Cho Sunghee 
Published: July 2021

Background and Purpose:
Brain edema is an important underlying pathology in acute stroke, especially when comorbidities are present. VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) signaling is implicated in edema. This study investigated whether obesity impacts VEGF signaling and brain edema, as well as whether VEGF inhibition alters stroke outcome in obese subjects.

Methods:
High-fat diet-induced obese mice were subjected to a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. VEGF-A and VEGFR2 (receptor) expression, infarct volume, and swelling were measured 3 days post-middle cerebral artery occlusion. To validate the effect of an anti-VEGF strategy, we used aflibercept, a fusion protein that has a VEGF-binding domain and acts as a decoy receptor, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells stimulated with rVEGF (recombinant VEGF; 50 ng/mL) for permeability and tube formation. In vivo, aflibercept (10 mg/kg) or IgG control was administered in obese mice 3 hours after transient 30 minutes middle cerebral artery occlusion. Blood-brain barrier integrity was assessed by IgG staining and dextran extravasation in the postischemic brain. A separate cohort of nonobese (lean) mice was subjected to 40 minutes middle cerebral artery occlusion to test the effect of aflibercept on malignant infarction.

Results:
Compared with lean mice, obese mice had increased mortality, infarct volume, swelling, and blood-brain barrier disruption. These outcomes were also associated with increased VEGF-A and VEGFR2 expression. Aflibercept reduced VEGF-A-stimulated permeability and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Compared with the IgG-treated controls, mice treated with aflibercept had reduced mortality rates (40% versus 17%), hemorrhagic transformation (43% versus 27%), and brain swelling (28% versus 18%), although the infarct size was similar. In nonobese mice with large stroke, aflibercept neither improved nor exacerbated stroke outcomes.

Conclusions:
The study demonstrates that aflibercept selectively attenuates stroke-induced brain edema and vascular permeability in obese mice. These findings suggest the repurposing of aflibercept to reduce obesity-enhanced brain edema in acute stroke.
Taking Dominion in a Christian Nation
Authors: Haynes Naomi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article traces some of the North American theological influences on contemporary Christian nationalism in Zambia. Beginning with an overview of key tenets of Christian Reconstruction and the New Apostolic Reformation, I show how these movements have influenced the writing of some key players in Zambia’s Christian nationalist project. I also demonstrate how these authors have modified the Western ideas that have shaped their thought. This analysis responds to calls in the anthropology of Christianity for better documentation of the various forms Christian nationalism takes around the world, perhaps especially outside the West. It also challenges easy arguments about the influence of Western Christian activists on Christian politics in Africa by foregrounding the agency of local writers and theologians, even as they engage with theological ideas that originated in the West.
Radical-Nationalist Podcasting under a Post-Fascist Condition
Authors: Lundström Tomas Poletti , Lundström Markus 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This article sketches fascism’s ideological morphology under a post-fascist condition. It builds empirically on three years of ethnographic studies of the radical-nationalist podcast Motgift [Antidote], disclosing that (i) fascist multivocality characterizes and feeds the rhizomic structure of Swedish radical nationalism; (ii) fascist narration locates protagonists and antagonists in driving a plot of ‘genocide against the white race’; and (iii) fascist temporality reinforces ideas of a lost past and degenerated present – prompting a struggle for cultural rebirth and racial revival. The multivocality, narration, and temporality of Motgift illuminate the radical-nationalist politics at work under a post-fascist condition: the state of ideological reconfiguration pondering fascism’s historical downfall.
A World South-Side Up?
Authors: Huisman Frank , Tomes Nancy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In an attempt to decolonize (the history of) global health, this paper aims to do three things. First, it claims that transposing the Enlightenment notion of a social contract in public health from a European to a global context has been an artificial move, and is in fact an artefact of colonial times. Secondly, it suggests a new kind of periodization for public and global health, using three consecutive logics which connect the motives of rulers and administrators to the perceived needs of their populations. Finally, it identifies several ‘technologies of control’ which are strategically used to come to an understanding of the practices (rather than the ideologies or blueprints) of global health.
Aerosol Properties in Cloudy Environments from Remote Sensing Observations: A Review of the Current State of Knowledge
Authors: Marshak A. , Ackerman A. , da Silva A. M. , Eck T. , Holben B. , Kahn R. , Kleidman R. , Knobelspiesse K. , Levy R. , Lyapustin A. , Oreopoulos L. , Remer L. , Torres O. , Várnai T. , Wen G. , Yorks J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAerosol properties are fundamentally different near clouds than away from clouds. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge of aerosol properties in the near-low-cloud environment and quantitatively compares them with aerosols far from clouds, according to remote sensing observations. It interprets observations of aerosol properties from different sensors using satellite, aircraft, and ground-based observations. The correlation (and anticorrelation) between proximity to cloud and aerosol properties is discussed. Retrieval artifacts in the near-cloud environment are demonstrated and quantified for different sensor attributes and environmental conditions. Finally, the paper describes the possible corrections for near-cloud enhancement in remote sensing retrievals. This study is timely in view of science definition studies for NASA’s Aerosol, Cloud, Convection and Precipitation (ACCP) mission, which will also seek to directly link aerosol properties to nearby clouds.
Climatology of Linear Mesoscale Convective System Morphology in the United States based on Random Forests Method
Authors: Cui Wenjun , Dong Xiquan , Xi Baike , Feng Zhe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study uses machine learning methods, specifically the random forest (RF), on a radar-based mesoscale convective system (MCS) tracking dataset to classify the five types of linear MCS morphology in the contiguous United States during the period 2004-2016. The algorithm is trained using radar- and satellite-derived spatial and morphological parameters, and reanalysis environmental information from 5-yr manually identified nonlinear and five linear MCS modes. The algorithm is then used to automate the classification of linear MCSs over 8 years with high accuracy, providing a systematic, long-term climatology of linear MCSs. Results reveal that nearly 40% of MCSs are classified as linear MCSs, in which half of the linear events belong to the type of system having a leading convective line. The occurrence of linear MCSs shows large annual and seasonal variations. On average, 113 linear MCSs occur annually during the warm season (through March to October), with most of these events clustered from May through August in the central eastern Great Plains. MCS characteristics, including duration, propagation speed, orientation, and system cloud size, have large variability among the different linear modes. The systems having a trailing convective line and the systems having a back-building area of convection typically move more slowly and have higher precipitation rate, and thus have higher potential in producing extreme rainfall and flash flooding. Analysis of the environmental conditions associated with linear MCSs show that the storm-relative flow is of most importance in determining the organization mode of linear MCSs.
Laceration of Aberrant Internal Carotid Artery Following Myringotomy: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Wadhavkar Neha , Goldrich David Y. , Roychowdhury Sudipta , Kwong Kelvin 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The presence of an aberrant internal carotid artery (ICA) in the middle ear is rare. Patients may be asymptomatic or complain of conductive hearing loss, otalgia, pulsatile tinnitus, or aural fullness. Otoscopic exam findings can include a pulsating erythematous lesion on the tympanic membrane (TM). It may be misdiagnosed as a glomus tumor, hemangioma, or serous otitis media, or go unrecognized until surgical exploration. Early recognition is important as intraoperative discovery carries risk of iatrogenic injury, hemorrhage and subsequent neurologic sequelae. Prevention requires adequate preoperative suspicion and can be confirmed with radiologic examination via computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Management of iatrogenic injury of an aberrant ICA can include packing, vessel embolization and/or surgical ligation. Patient case: We report the case of an aberrant ICA injury in a pediatric patient undergoing a myringotomy with tube placement, who sustained neurologic deficits that eventually resolved following treatment with packing and coil embolization. Discussion and conclusions: An aberrant ICA can cause life-threatening complications without prior diagnosis in a routine myringotomy. Suspicious exam findings should prompt temporal bone CT to rule out aberrant ICA or other vascular pathology of the middle ear prior to surgery. In the case of iatrogenic injury of an aberrant ICA, there is no consensus in existing literature on optimal management. We reviewed 37 studies to compare therapeutic options and subsequent outcomes. Though complications are rare regardless of management, cases in which solely packing was utilized demonstrated an increased incidence of hemiparesis, aphasia, hearing loss, re-bleeding, and delayed pseudoaneurysm, as compared to an approach coupling packing with embolization or ligation, both of which have comparable outcomes.
The Relationship Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Pediatric Obesity: A Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Bachrach Kevin , Danis David O’Neil , Cohen Michael B. , Levi Jessica R. 
Published: July 2021

Objective: Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) can have both acute and chronic consequences when untreated. We hypothesize that a link exists between childhood obesity and OSA at nationwide level, with race, gender, and socioeconomic status conferring their own risk for pediatric OSA. Methods: This study examined nationwide discharges in 2016 using the Kids’ Inpatient Database (KID). The International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes for obesity (E66.0) and OSA (G47.33) were used. Prevalence rates and odds ratios (ORs) were used to quantify associations between the obesity and OSA groups in the general pediatric inpatient population. Multiple binary logistic regression was utilized to compare cohorts of pediatric inpatient admissions. Results: There were 36 266 285 weighted discharges in the 2016 KID. Among patients included in our dataset, 0.426% (26 684) were diagnosed with obesity and 0.562% (35 242) had OSA. Obesity was independently associated with a significantly increased risk of OSA (OR = 22.89; 95% C.I. = 21.99-23.84). Within the OSA inpatient population, obesity was associated with non-Hispanic black race, Hispanic ethnicity, and Native American race/ethnicity (OR = 1.45, 1.32, 2.51; 95% C.I. = 1.33-1.58, 1.21-1.44, 1.73-3.63). Conclusions: Obesity is independently associated with OSA in children after controlling for adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Non-Hispanic black race and Hispanic ethnicity are independent risk factors for OSA and are associated with obesity in the OSA inpatient population, which suggests that obesity may play a role in the increased risk of OSA within these groups.
Tessier 30 Facial Clefts—A Literature Review of 72 Cases (1996-2020), Suggested Treatment Protocol, Outcome Measures, Minimum Dataset for Future Case Reports, and Registries
Authors: Valk Ruben van der , Magill Stephen , Pellatt Annie , Ahmadi-Lari Nazanin , Hall Simon P. , Cobb Alistair R. M , Walker Tom W. M. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Tessier 30 facial cleft is a rare anomaly presenting in the soft and hard tissues over the central lower face. Owing to the rarity of cases and difficulty of treatment, there is no universally accepted surgical management strategy. The last comprehensive literature review of Tessier 30 clefts was in 1996. This report aims to update the literature to inform decision-making on treating Tessier 30 cases. Methodology: A literature search was performed. PubMed, SCOPUS, and OVID databases were searched. A total of 72 cases in 51 articles were analyzed, looking at demographics, extent of cleft, parent health, family history, procedures, follow-up, existence of other anomalies, and stages of repair. Results: Surgeons are increasingly choosing to repair Tessier 30 defects in one rather than multiple stages. Of the 72 cases studied, only 31 had documented the completed repair of the cleft. All completed soft tissue only defects were repaired in 1 stage of repair (n = 11). Where both soft tissue and mandible was involved (n = 20), 55% (n = 11) had undergone 1-stage repair to address the Tessier 30 cleft. Discussion: We argue that a single-stage approach is preferable to multistage. Primary mucogingivoperiosteoplasty should be undertaken in children at the time of management of the soft tissue cleft. The timing of this procedure should be in the latter half of the first year of life, as this is when mandibular symphyseal fusion normally occurs. We have suggested a treatment protocol and we hope that future case reports use our minimum data set.
Social workers as state and citizen-agents. How social workers in a German, Dutch and Flemish public welfare organisation manage this dual responsibility in practice
Authors: Tier Michelle van der , Hermans Koen , Potting Marianne 
Published: July 2021

Summary Professional standards state that social workers in public welfare organisations should act as state and citizen-agents. However, the literature provides little insight into how social workers navigate this dual responsibility in their daily work. To address this gap, we used Maynard-Moody and Musheno’s theory on state and citizens-agent narratives to analyse street-level practices of social workers in three local welfare organisations in Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium. This article explores how three specific organisational mechanisms (decision-making authority; the role of the front-line manager and the degree of specialisation) affect the ways social workers navigate both agent narratives in public welfare organisations. The data were gathered by a mixed method design of in-depth interviews and focus groups. Findings Our study shows that social workers struggle with the tensions that intrude between the state and citizen-agent narrative. We found that the extent to which both narratives are adopted by social workers is affected by a complicated interaction between the beliefs of social workers about social justice and responsiveness and the selected organisational mechanisms. Moreover, we found that critical reflection and a supportive attitude of front-line managers can help social workers to manage their double responsibility in practice. Application Our cross-national study contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between organisational mechanisms and the moral deliberations of social workers regarding their dual responsibility. It provides in-depth insights into the tensions and conflicts social workers in different contexts face daily on account of their dual responsibility.
Self-Reported and Objective Sleep Measures in Stroke Survivors With Incomplete Motor Recovery at the Chronic Stage
Authors: Fleming Melanie K. , Smejka Tom , Henderson Slater David , Chiu Evangeline Grace , Demeyere Nele , Johansen-Berg Heidi 
Published: July 2021

Background. Stroke survivors commonly complain of difficulty sleeping. Poor sleep is associated with reduced quality of life and more understanding of long-term consequences of stroke on sleep is needed. Objective. The primary aims were to (1) compare sleep measures between chronic stroke survivors and healthy controls and (2) test for a relationship between motor impairment, time since stroke and sleep. Secondary aims were to explore mood and inactivity as potential correlates of sleep and test the correlation between self-reported and objective sleep measures. Methods. Cross-sectional sleep measures were obtained for 69 chronic stroke survivors (mean 65 months post-stroke, 63 years old, 24 female) and 63 healthy controls (mean 61 years old, 27 female). Self-reported sleep was assessed with the sleep condition indicator (SCI) and sleep diary ratings, objective sleep with 7-nights actigraphy and mood with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Upper extremity motor impairment was assessed with the Fugl-Meyer assessment. Results. Stroke survivors had significantly poorer SCI score ( P < .001) and higher wake after sleep onset ( P = .005) than controls. Neither motor impairment, nor time since stroke, explained significant variance in sleep measures for the stroke group. For all participants together, greater depression was associated with poorer SCI score ( R2adj = .197, P < .001) and higher age with more fragmented sleep ( R2adj = .108, P < .001). There were weak correlations between nightly sleep ratings and actigraphy sleep measures ( r s = .15–.24). Conclusions. Sleep disturbance is present long-term after stroke. Depressive symptoms may present a modifiable factor which should be investigated alongside techniques to improve sleep in this population.
Efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in hip fracture surgery: A comparative study of 613 patients
Authors: AlSumadi Mutaz , Mahmood Aatif , Whittam David , Kharma Lara , Ashour Rami , Banim Ronan 
Published: July 2021

Background Blood loss is a major concern in the frail elderly patient undergoing hip fracture surgery. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss and allogenic blood transfusions. The study also investigated the safety profile by comparing rates of thromboembolic events, Methods A total of 613 patients with hip fractures were included in the study. Patients received 1g of tranexamic acid on induction of anaesthesia. Postoperative haemoglobin was measured on day one. Blood loss was calculated, and blood transfusion was recorded. Results Tranexamic acid use resulted in a higher mean postoperative haemoglobin (110.3 ± 15.9 vs 106.8 ± 16.2; p = 0.023) and reduced mean estimated blood loss (571.3 ± 150.4 vs 678.3 ± 201.2; p = 0.001). There was also a significantly reduced number of transfusions in tranexamic acid group (13% vs 28%; p = 0.002). There was no difference in rates of deep vein thrombosis (4 vs 3; p = 0.98) or pulmonary embolism (2 vs 2; p = 1). Conclusion The use of tranexamic acid is effective in reduction of blood loss and rates of blood transfusion, without an apparent increase in adverse thromboembolic events.
Effects of Face Mask Use on Objective and Subjective Measures of Thermoregulation During Exercise in the Heat
Authors: Yoshihara Ayami , Dierickx Erin E. , Brewer Gabrielle J. , Sekiguchi Yasuki , Stearns Rebecca L. , Casa Douglas J. 
Published: July 2021

Background: While increased face mask use has helped reduce COVID-19 transmission, there have been concerns about its influence on thermoregulation during exercise in the heat, but consistent, evidence-based recommendations are lacking. Hypothesis: No physiological differences would exist during low-to-moderate exercise intensity in the heat between trials with and without face masks, but perceptual sensations could vary. Study Design: Crossover study. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Twelve physically active participants (8 male, 4 female; age = 24 ± 3 years) completed 4 face mask trials and 1 control trial (no mask) in the heat (32.3°C ± 0.04°C; 54.4% ± 0.7% relative humidity [RH]). The protocol was 60 minutes of walking and jogging between 35% and 60% of relative VO2max. Rectal temperature (Trec), heart rate (HR), temperature and humidity inside and outside of the face mask (Tmicro_in, Tmicro_out, RHmicro_in, RHmicro_out) and perceptual variables (rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal sensation, thirst sensation, fatigue level, and overall breathing discomfort) were monitored throughout all trials. Results: Mean Trec and HR increased at 30- and 60-minute time points compared with 0-minute time points, but no difference existed between face mask trials and control trials ( P > 0.05). Mean Tmicro_in, RHmicro_in, and humidity difference inside and outside of the face mask (ΔRHmicro) were significantly different between face mask trials ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in perceptual variables between face mask trials and control trials ( P > 0.05), except overall breathing discomfort ( P < 0.01). Higher RHmicro_in, RPE, and thermal sensation significantly predicted higher overall breathing discomfort ( r2 = 0.418; P < 0.01). Conclusion: Face mask use during 60 minutes of low-to-moderate exercise intensity in the heat did not significantly affect Trec or HR. Although face mask use may affect overall breathing discomfort due to the changes in the face mask microenvironment, face mask use itself did not cause an increase in whole body thermal stress. Clinical Relevance: Face mask use is feasible and safe during exercise in the heat, at low-to-moderate exercise intensities, for physically active, healthy individuals.