bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of potential risk characteristics for cauda equina compression in emergency department patients presenting with atraumatic back pain: a 4-year retrospective cohort analysis within a tertiary referral neurosciences centre
Authors: Angus Michelle , Curtis-Lopez Carlos M , Carrasco Roberto , Currie Vicki , Siddique Irfan , Horner Daniel E 
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveAtraumatic back pain is an increasingly common presentation to the ED. A minority of these cases will have significant structural pathology, resulting in acute cauda equina compression (CEC). Although clinicians often look for ‘red flags’ to identify potential CEC, the prognostic accuracy of these presenting symptoms and clinical examination findings is unclear. We sought to evaluate the accuracy of individual clinical features in a large cohort of ED patients with atraumatic backpain and reference standard imaging, for the diagnosis of CEC.MethodsA retrospective case note review from 2014 to 2018 within an established ED atraumatic back pain pathway, undertaken at the largest tertiary spinal referral centre in the UK. We analysed routine data, collected prospectively by treating clinicians within a structured electronic health record clinical proforma. Data on signs and symptoms in 996 patients with suspected CEC referred for definitive MRI over a 4-year study period were extracted and compared against a final reference standard diagnosis.ResultsWe identified 111 patients with radiological evidence of CEC within the cohort referred for definitive imaging (111/996, 11.1%), of whom 109 (98.2%) underwent operative intervention. Patients with CEC were more likely to present with bilateral leg pain (OR=2.2), dermatomal sensory loss (OR 1.8) and bilateral absent ankle or ankle and knee jerks (OR=2.9). Subjective weakness was found to be associated with CEC on univariate but not multivariate analysis. We found no relationship between digital rectal examination findings and the diagnosis of CEC.ConclusionsIn our cohort, factors independently associated with CEC diagnosis on MRI included bilateral leg pain, dermatomal sensory loss. Loss of lower limb reflexes was strongly suggestive of CES (likelihood ratio 3.4 on multivariate logistic regression). Our findings raise questions about the diagnostic utility of invasive digital rectal examination.
Pityocampal Erucism in a British Serviceman in Croatia - A Case Report
Authors: Croft A M , Winfield D A 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present a case of erucism (caterpillar dermatitis) in a British serviceman deployed in Croatia on Operation Resolute. The aetiology, clinical features and diagnosis of erucism are discussed. Erucism should be highlighted as an environmental hazard in future troop deployments to the Mediterranean area.
The use of Local Anaesthesia in Peripheral Venous Cannulation: Current Practice of Junior Doctors
Authors: Norris William D 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the rate of use of local anaesthetic in peripheral venous cannulation by pre-registration house officers and to determine reasons why they do not use it.DesignAnalysis of anonymous questionnaires distributed to pre-registration house officers at scheduled weekly education meetings.SettingOne regional hospital and three district general hospitals in the United Kingdom.Results71 questionnaires were distributed directly to respondents and subsequently analysed. 46 respondents (65%) stated that they never used local anaesthetic for peripheral venous cannulation. Of those who used local anaesthetic the average rate of use was 6%. Of those who used local anaesthetic 48% stated they used EMLA and 84% stated they used lignocaine. 4% stated they would use local anaesthetic for 22 gauge cannulae, 8% would use it for 20 gauge, 24% for 18 gauge and 40% for 16 gauge and 28% for 14 gauge cannulae.45% stated that using local anaesthetic was too time consuming, 35% stated it was not indicated, 21% stated that it made cannulation difficult, 13% stated that local anaesthetic was not available on the ward, 13% stated that it was logistically difficult, 4% stated that there was peer pressure not to use it, 4% stated they were not allowed to use local anaesthetic and 3% stated that it was practically difficult. 20% of respondents gave no reason.ConclusionsDespite good clinical evidence that the pain of peripheral venous cannulation can be successfully obviated using local anaesthetic, the rate of use by pre -registration house officers is low. It is suggested that during formal cannulation training, more emphasis be placed on the provision of analgesia. This should aim to increase the quality of care to those patien s requiring intravenous cannulation as well as offering other potential benefits to doctors.
“It’s Good To Talk” - An Audit of the Communication of Post-Operative Thromboembolic Complications
Authors: Brinsden M D , Mercer S J , Rawlings I D 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe risk of venous thromboembolism after surgery, with its associated morbidity and mortality, is an important component of obtaining informed consent for a surgical procedure. This risk of thromboembolic complications extends beyond the post-operative hospital stay; patients suffering such complications after discharge are generally not re-admitted under the care of the operating surgeon. A retrospective opening loop audit was undertaken to investigate the communication of post-operative thromboembolic complications between specialties in a large district general hospital. The operating surgeon was unaware of 87% of cases of pulmonary embolism and 20% of cases of deep vein thrombosis affecting patients in their post-operative period. The interspecialty communication of post-operative complications is important to maintain a high standard of patient care and allow surgeons to make informed decisions about clinical practice.
Testing the Effectiveness of Techniques for Reducing Heat Strain in Royal Navy Nuclear, Biological and Chemical Cleansing Stations' Teams
Authors: House J R , Lunt H , Magness A , Lyons J 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNine personnel simulating the work of an NBC cleansing station (CS) in conditions expected in Middle Eastern waters had a limited work duration due to incapacitating heat strain. When the subjects were allowed five minutes rest periods after every 10 minutes of work, the endurance of seven of the subjects was limited to between 75-105 minutes due to heat strain and heat illness. By the point of withdrawal mean (SD) rectal temperature (Tre) had risen by 1.8°C (0.4°C). The other two subjects were withdrawn earlier because they reached cardiac safety limits. When the hands were immersed (HI) in 10°C water during the five minute rest periods heat strain was significantly lower (P<0.01) and work endurance times were increased. One subject was withdrawn early on reaching cardiac safety limits, two on reaching Tre limits (39°C) at 105 minutes, and six subjects completed the 180 minute exposure with a final Tre of 38.4°C (0.3°C). Using ‘iced’ (0°C) rather than 10°C water for HI further reduced heat strain (P<0.01) and increased endurance times. Three subjects were withdrawn early on reaching cardiac safety limits, the remaining six completing the 180 minute exposure, with a final Tre of 38.3°C (0.5°C). Using an ice-vest (IV) in conjunction with HI further reduced heat strain (PcO.Ol) and increased endurance times. Two subjects were withdrawn early on reaching cardiac safety limits, the remaining seven completing the 180 minute exposure, with a final Tre of 38.2°C (0.8°C) when 10°C HI water was used, and Tre 38.0°C (0.4°C) when 0°C HI water was used. There were no reports of finger numbness or loss of dexterity due to HI, and all personnel were able to remove their own Individual Protective Equipment (IPE) without difficulty. It is expected that using HI will not reduce the ability to decontaminate or undress others. The HI technique and IV equipment should be introduced into the Fleet. ‘Iced’ water should be used in preference to 10°C, although any water colder than 25°C will provide some benefit. The IVs increased torso girth and personnel should try them on (with frozen ice packs inserted) prior to their use and ensure that their protective clothing still fits, or obtain a larger size.
A Complicated Stress Fracture of the Femoral Neck - A Case Report
Authors: Selzer G , Ross R A , Spalding T J W 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA case is presented of a stress fracture of the femoral neck complicated by complete fracture. Additional complications arose when the repaired fracture went on to non-union due to bending of the DHS screw, requiring revision surgery with a valgus osteotomy. The case is important because this type of stress fracture has previously been considered to be safe from risk of complete fracture. The failure of the operative treatment has implications for young patients treated similarly.
Reliability of patient-reported comorbidities: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lin Chung Mun Alice , Ng Nathan , Orman Alexander , Clement Nicholas D , Deehan David J 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Self-reported questionnaires have become a widely adopted method of reviewing patients in clinical practice. This systematic review aimed to determine the reliability of patient-reported comorbidities and to identify which patient factors influence the reliability. Included studies assessed the reliability of at least one patient-reported comorbidity against their medical record or clinical assessment as gold standard. Twenty-four eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. Only endocrine diseases (Cohen's Kappa Coefficient (CKC) 0.81 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.85)), consisting of diabetes mellitus (CKC 0.83 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.86)) and thyroid disease (CKC 0.68 (95% CI 0.50 to 0.86)), showed good-to-excellent reliability. Factors most frequently reported to influence concordance included age, sex and educational level.
This systematic review demonstrated poor-to-moderate reliability for most systems, except for endocrine which showed good-to-excellent reliability. Although patient self-reporting can be a useful guide to clinical management, several patient factors were demonstrated to affect reliability therefore it should be avoided as a standalone measure.
Significant differences between solid state and solution photochemistry and photophysics of mesogenic organometallic gold complexes
Authors: Tanner Kevin , Marineau-Plante Gabriel , Schlachter Adrien , Karsenti Paul-Ludovic , Soldera Armand , Harvey Pierre D. 
Published: October 2021

Five new gold complexes 4-ROC6H4C≡CAuN≡CC6H4-4-OR′ (R/R′ = CH3/C9H19 (C1N9 ), C15H31/C9H19 (C15N9 ), C6H13/C15H31 (C6N15 ), C9H19/C15H31 (C9N15 ), C12H25/C15H31 (C12N15 )) were synthesized and characterized (1H and 13C NMR, IR, Raman spectroscopy, and high resolution mass spectrometry). Their organized smectic phases were investigated by TGA, DSC, powder XRD, and polarized light optical microscopy, and the solids are found to have crystalline and amorphous domains. No evidence for Au•••Au interactions was observed. The steady state and time-resolved absorption and emission properties at 298 and 77 K were examined, and surprisingly, the excited lifetime of the triplet excited state in the solid state is extremely short-lived (<100 ps) in comparison with the microsecond time scale recorded for the solution and at 77 K. The photosensitization of 1O2 was observed in solution but not in the solid state. The nature of the singlet (ligand-to-ligand charge transfer) and triplet (ethynyl/intraligand ππ*) excited states were assessed using DFT and TD-DFT computations. The thermal and UV-photochemical formation of gold nanoparticles were performed in solution (slow) and in the solid state (faster). The thermally generated nanoparticles are found to be larger (2–20 nm; TEM) and exhibit well-defined shapes, whereas the photochemically generated ones are smaller (1–10 nm) and show ill-defined shapes.
Tgfβ1-Cthrc1 Signaling Plays an Important Role in the Short-Term Reparative Response to Heart Valve Endothelial Injury
Authors: Nordquist Emily M. , Dutta Punashi , Kodigepalli Karthik M. , Mattern Carol , McDermott Michael R. , Trask Aaron J. , LaHaye Stephanie , Lindner Volkhard , Lincoln Joy 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
Aortic valve disease is a common worldwide health burden with limited treatment options. Studies have shown that the valve endothelium is critical for structure-function relationships, and disease is associated with its dysfunction, damage, or injury. Therefore, therapeutic targets to maintain a healthy endothelium or repair damaged endothelial cells could hold promise. In this current study, we utilize a surgical mouse model of heart valve endothelial cell injury to study the short-term response at molecular and cellular levels. The goal is to determine if the native heart valve exhibits a reparative response to injury and identify the mechanisms underlying this process.

Approach and Results:

Mild aortic valve endothelial injury and abrogated function was evoked by inserting a guidewire down the carotid artery of young (3 months) and aging (16–18 months) wild-type mice. Short-term cellular responses were examined at 6 hours, 48 hours, and 4 weeks following injury, whereas molecular profiles were determined after 48 hours by RNA-sequencing. Within 48 hours following endothelial injury, young wild-type mice restore endothelial barrier function in association with increased cell proliferation, and upregulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (
Tgfβ1
) and the glycoprotein, collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (
Cthrc1
). Interestingly, this beneficial response to injury was not observed in aging mice with known underlying endothelial dysfunction.

Conclusions:
Data from this study suggests that the healthy valve has the capacity to respond to mild endothelial injury, which in short term has beneficial effects on restoring endothelial barrier function through acute activation of the Tgfβ1-Cthrc1 signaling axis and cell proliferation.
The “Sheep” and the “Lion”: Charles V, Barbarossa, and Habsburg Diplomatic Practice in the Muslim Mediterranean (1534-1542)
Authors: Caprioli Francesco 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Between the 1530s and the 1540s, the Emperor Charles V tried to win over the Ottoman Grand Admiral Hayreddin Barbarossa, leading him to defect from the Ottoman cause and turn him into a faithful Habsburg warlord. In exchange for this, the former would have given the latter the opportunity to rule over the Central Maghreb as a new Habsburg ally. Obviously, both sides managed this negotiation in strict secrecy to prevent the plan from being discovered by the Ottoman sultan. Although it might seem surprising, this kind of diplomatic operation was a common tool to address political rivalries in the Early Modern Mediterranean. While efforts to recruit the best warlords were a well-established practice in Renaissance warfare, inter-religious dialogue was certainly nothing new at the beginning of the sixteenth century, given the long-lasting relations established between Christian and Muslim polities in the Middle Ages. Therefore, by analyzing the three main dimensions of diplomacy—communication, negotiation, and information gathering—this article aims to emphasize that the negotiation between Charles V and Barbarossa was not an exception, but a well rooted diplomatic practice in Habsburg Mediterranean policy.
Combined Effect of the Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen Mechanism and Large Eddies on Microphysics of Mixed-Phase Stratiform Clouds
Authors: Khain Alexander , Pinsky M. , Korolev A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The process of glaciation in mixed-phase stratiform clouds was investigated by a novel Lagrangian–Eulerian model (LEM) in which thousands of adjoining Lagrangian parcels moved within a turbulent-like velocity field with statistical parameters typical of the Arctic boundary layer. We used detailed bin microphysics to describe the condensation/evaporation processes in each parcel, in which droplets, aerosols, and ice particles were described using size distributions of 500 mass bins. The model also calculated aerosol mass inside droplets and ice particles. Gravitational sedimentation of droplets and ice particles was also accounted for. Assuming that droplet freezing is the primary source of ice particles, the Arctic clouds observed in Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC) were successfully simulated. The model showed that at a low ice particle concentration typical of ISDAC, large vortices (eddies) led to a quasi-stationary regime, in which mixed-phase St existed for a long time. The large eddies controlled the water partitioning in the mixed-phase clouds. Droplets formed and grew in updrafts, typically reaching the cloud top, and evaporated in downdrafts. Ice particles grew in updrafts and downdrafts. The Wegener–Bergeron–Findeisen (WBF) mechanism was efficient in downdrafts and some parts of updrafts, depending on ice concentration and vertical velocity. At low ice concentrations, the effect of ice on the phase partitioning was negligible. In this regime, liquid droplets were found near the cloud top, whereas ice particles precipitated through the cloud base. When ice concentration exceeded about 10 L−1, the WBF mechanism led to glaciation of almost the entire cloud, with the exception of narrow cloud regions associated with strong updrafts. At ice particle concentrations of a few tens per liter, the oscillatory regime took place due to the ice–liquid interaction. The microphysical structure of mixed-phase St forms as a combined effect of cloud dynamics (large eddies) and the WBF mechanism.
A CONUS-Wide Standardized Precipitation–Evapotranspiration Index for Major U.S. Row Crops
Authors: Goble Peter E. , Bolinger Rebecca A. , Schumacher Russ S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Agricultural droughts afflicting the contiguous United States (CONUS) are serious and costly natural hazards. Widespread damage to a single cash crop may be crippling to rural communities that produce it. While drought is insidious in nature, drought indices derived from meteorological data and drought impact reports both provide essential guidance to decision-makers about the location and intensity of developing and ongoing droughts. However, response to dry meteorological conditions is not consistent from one crop type to the next, making crop-specific drought appraisal difficult using weather data alone. Additionally, drought impact reports are often subjective, latent, or both. To rectify this, we developed drought indices using meteorological data, and phenological information for the row crops most commonly grown over CONUS: corn, soybeans, and winter wheat. These are referred to as crop-specific standardized precipitation–evapotranspiration indices (CSPEIs). CSPEIs correlate more closely with end-of-season yields than traditional meteorological indicators for the eastern two thirds of CONUS for corn, and offer an advantage in predicting winter wheat yields for the High Plains. CSPEIs do not always explain a higher fraction of variance than traditional meteorological indicators. In such cases, results provide insight on which meteorological indicators to use to most effectively supplement impacts information.
On the Concept of the Reserve Army of Labor in Ruy Mauro Marini
Authors: Felix Gil 
Published: October 2021

An analysis of the concept of the reserve army of labor in the work of Ruy Mauro Marini explains the processes that contributed to the Marxist theory of dependency and to the study of the capitalist mode of production. Uma analise da conceito de exército industrial de reserva na teoria proposta por Ruy Mauro Marini explica quais eram os processos a que ele atribuía especificidade ao mesmo no âmbito da denominada teoria marxista da dependência e do modo de produção capitalista.
Quality of Life and Temporomandibular Disorders in Patients With Skeletal Class III Malocclusion With Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Olsson Bernardo , Bergamaschi Isabela Polesi , Küchler Erika Calvano , Sebastiani Aline Monise , dos Santos Trento Guilherme , da Costa Delson Joao , Rebellato Nelson Luis Barbosa , Scariot Rafaela 
Published: October 2021

Objective The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL), oral health-related QOL (OHRQOL), temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), and psychological factors in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with cleft lip and palate (CLP) and without CLP. Design Case–control. Setting Primary care, institutional practice. Patients One hundred thirty-six patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion with CLP (n = 68) and without CLP (n = 68). Main outcome measures QOL and OHRQOL were assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire and the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 questionnaire, respectively. TMDs and psychological factors were assessed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). Results No differences in QOL were found between the groups ( P >  0.05). Patients with CLP reported a better OHRQOL ( P = 0.025) in the physical pain, physical disability, and psychological disability domains ( P <  0.05). Patients with CLP presented with less myofascial pain (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.11-0.71] and other articular conditions (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.06-0.90]. More patients with CLP reported no chronic pain ( P = 0.012). The QOL of patients with CLP with no depression or with no nonspecific physical symptoms including pain (NSPSIP) was better than that of patients without CLP. The OHRQOL of patients with CLP without TMDs or no psychological factors was better than that of patients without CLP. Conclusions Patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion who require orthognathic surgery with CLP have better OHRQOL and present with fewer TMDs than those patients without CLP.