bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐delisting dilemma: Long‐term success of Chrysopsis floridana introductions depends on continued fire management
Authors: Bowen Hannah J. , Peterson Cheryl L. , Menges Eric S. , David Aaron S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Endangered Species Act aims to recover imperiled species to the point of delisting; however, few plant species have been delisted due to recovery. Critical to many species' recovery criteria are introductions, yet the long‐term success of plant introductions is highly variable and their use in delisting decisions is relatively untested. In this study, we examined the dynamics of eight introduced populations of the recently delisted Chrysopsis floridana (Florida Golden Aster), a fire‐dependent perennial plant endemic to Florida scrub habitats. We analyzed 6 years of demographic data (2017–2022) and 10 years of prescribed fire records to assess population trends, fire management effects, and vital rates related to recruitment, survival, and reproduction. Our results show that population densities with regular fire management increased, while unburned populations generally declined. Prescribed fire increased seedling recruitment and survival rates. We estimated a fire‐return interval of approximately 5 years is needed for population persistence, shorter than the 10‐year interval used in the delisting decision. Our findings suggest that post‐delisting monitoring should prioritize fire management to ensure the long‐term success of introduced populations. Our work highlights the need for more robust, specific delisting criteria, particularly regarding the role of introductions, long‐term monitoring, and post‐introduction habitat management. These insights can inform future recovery plans for fire‐dependent species and improve the delisting process for plants under the Endangered Species Act.
Liver Transplant Fast‐Track With an Emphasis on Reduced Delirium: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Reducing Length of Stay
Authors: Salerno David M. , Genovese Mia , Jesudian Arun , Roman Erica , Khan Mashal , Samstein Benjamin , Brandman Danielle 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEnhanced recovery after surgery protocols have been shown to reduce length of stay in transplant patients. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the impact of a standardized protocol in liver transplant recipients (LTR) on length of stay (LOS) and delirium during the index hospitalization post‐LT. Elements of the protocol included reduced intraoperative corticosteroids (from methylprednisolone 1000 to 250 mg), conversion of steroid taper to be administered once‐daily instead of BID, optimal end‐of‐case intraoperative extubation, multimodal analgesia, early removal of surgical drains, implementation of dietary and physical therapy plans and education for multidisciplinary providers and patients about expected LOS. The primary outcome was post‐LT LOS. Secondary outcomes included incidence of delirium, ICU LOS, rejection at 60 days and readmission within 30 days of discharge. A total of 125 LTRs were included. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. The median LOS was 12 days (IQR, 9–19) and 10 days (IQR, 8–15) in the pre‐ and post‐implementation groups, respectively (p = 0.025). ICU LOS was 2.9 (IQR, 2.1–4) and 2.7 (IQR, 1.9–3.7) in the pre‐ and post‐implementation groups, respectively (p = 0.525). In the pre‐ and post‐implementation groups, the incidence of delirium was 17 (25.8%) and 5 (8.6%), respectively (p = 0.013). The incidence of treated rejection at 60 days was 3% (0.0–10.1) and 5.2% (2.9–15.2) in the pre‐ and post‐implementation groups, respectively (p = 0.550). Implementation of a Fast Track protocol in a high acuity LTR was feasible and safe and was associated with a reduction in LOS.
Individual Association of Predicted Left and Right Ventricular Mass Ratios With Survival After Heart Transplantation: A UNOS Database Analysis
Authors: Jain Amiti , Pritting Christopher , Brodie Andrew , Rahimov Daler , Ahmad Danial , Rame J. Eduardo , Alvarez Rene , Rajagopal Keshava , Entwistle John W. , Tchantchaleishvili Vakhtang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPredicted heart mass (PHM) ratio is a commonly used metric for donor‐to‐recipient size matching that has been associated with survival after heart transplantation (HTx). PHM represents a sum of two separate statistical models for predicted left ventricular mass (PLVM) and predicted right ventricular mass (PRVM); however, their individual contributions have not been sufficiently studied. We sought to assess the association of donor‐to‐recipient PLVM (PLVMR) and PRVM ratios (PRVMR) with overall posttransplant survival individually.MethodsAdult heart transplant recipients from 2005 to 2021 were queried from the UNOS database. A three‐dimensional tensor product spline model assessed the association of PLVMR and PRVMR with survival simultaneously on a continuous distribution. Subsequently, PLVMR and PRVMR were explored individually using individual restricted cubic spline models.ResultsA total of 25 549 patients were analyzed. Of these, female recipients comprised 26.7% (n = 6818), and the median age was 56 [IQR 46–63] years. In the three‐dimensional restricted cubic spline (3D‐RCS) model, PLVMR and PRVMR were significantly associated with survival (p value: overall = 0.002, PLVMR = 0.0006, PRVMR = 0.0006, PLVMR*PRVMR = 0.0002). When analyzed with two‐dimensional restricted cubic spline (2D‐RCS) models, PLVMR was not associated with survival (p = 0.59), while PRVMR retained its significant association (p = 0.04).ConclusionWhile both PLVMR and PRVMR appear to be associated with posttransplant survival, the effect of PRVMR might be disproportionately high as PRVM makes up a much smaller fraction of PHM than PLVM.
Long‐term outcomes of a modified nonflared fully covered self‐expandable metal stent for refractory anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation (with video)
Authors: Park Jae Woo , Moon Jong Ho , Lee Yun Nah , Shin Il Sang , Chung Jun Chul , Jeong Jaehong , Lee Tae Hoon , Yang Jae Kook , Cho Young Deok , Park Sang‐Heum 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesAlthough fully covered self‐expandable metal stents (FCSEMS) are used for the management of anastomotic biliary stricture (ABS) after liver transplantation (LT), there is concern about long‐term adverse events such as recurrence of stricture. We evaluated the long‐term efficacy of a modified nonflared FCSEMS (M‐FCSEMS) compared to plastic stents (PS) for refractory ABS after LT.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent placement of an M‐FCSEMS (M‐FCSEMS group) or multiple PS (PS group) for refractory ABS after LT were enrolled. The primary outcome was the stricture recurrence rate, and the secondary outcomes were technical success, clinical success, and the rate of de novo stricture.ResultsIn both groups, technical success was achieved in all patients. The median stent duration was 3.1 months in the M‐FCSEMS group and 7.6 months in the PS group (P < 0.001). Clinical success rates were 96.7% (29/30) for the M‐FCSEMS group and 94.4% (17/18) for the PS group (P = 0.709). Stent migration occurred in 10.0% (3/30) of the patients before removal of the stent in the M‐FCSEMS group, while 27.8% (5/18) of patients in the PS group showed stent migration (P = 0.110). Stricture recurrence occurred in 17.2% (5/29) in the M‐FCSEMS group, compared to 47.1% (8/17) in the PS group (P = 0.036). There were no de novo strictures observed in either cohort.ConclusionModified nonflared FCSEMS is effective for relieving refractory ABS after LT, with a low recurrence rate and the absence of de novo stricture after long‐term follow‐up.
Assessment of cortical activity, functional connectivity, and neuroplasticity in cerebral palsy using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy: A scoping review
Authors: Khan Owais A. , Rahman Simin , Baduni Kanishka , Modlesky Christopher M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimTo map and critically appraise the literature on the feasibility and current use of functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to assess cortical activity, functional connectivity, and neuroplasticity in individuals with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodA scoping review methodology was prospectively registered and reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta‐Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) guidelines. A systematic search was conducted in four databases. Empirical studies using fNIRS to assess neural activity, functional connectivity, or neuroplasticity in individuals with CP aged 3 years or older were included.ResultsSixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Individuals with CP (age range = 3–43 years; 70% unilateral CP) underwent fNIRS‐based assessment for task‐evoked activity (studies [n] = 15) and/or resting‐state functional connectivity (n = 3). Preliminary observations suggest greater magnitude, extent, and ipsilateral hemispheric lateralization of sensorimotor cortex activity in CP, while magnitude and patterns of prefrontal cortex activity in CP appear dependent on task demands. Normalization of fNIRS‐based activity metrics observed postintervention (n = 3) paralleled improvements in functional outcomes, highlighting their potential as promising biomarkers for functional gains in CP.InterpretationThis review details the use of fNIRS in CP, highlights research gaps and technical limitations, and offers recommendations to support fNIRS implementation for ecologically valid functional neuroimaging in individuals with CP.
Participation in activities of daily living after the Akwenda Intervention Program for children and young people with cerebral palsy in Uganda: A cluster‐randomized trial
Authors: Asige Elizabeth , Saloojee Gillian , Wanjala Godfrey , Andrews Carin , Namaganda Lukia H. , Kakooza‐Mwesige Angelina , Damiano Diane L. , Forssberg Hans 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of the Akwenda Intervention Program on participation attendance and involvement of children and young people with cerebral palsy (CP) in rural Uganda.MethodThis was a cluster‐randomized, controlled, single‐blind, interventional study of 100 participants with CP (aged 2–23 years; 48 females; allocated to the intervention or waiting list control group). Picture My Participation interviews assessed participation attendance and involvement in 20 home and community activities. Group differences were analysed using a Mann–Whitney U test and effect sizes were calculated. Change in attendance was related to age and functional level, and to improvements in child functioning, which was published in a previous report from the same study.ResultsAttendance increased more in the intervention compared to the control group (p < 0.001; r = 0.48; z = −4.62) and across both Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) subgroups and two age subgroups (2–5 years and 13–23 years). Positive correlations were found between increases in attendance and higher GMFCS levels (ρ = 0.25, p = 0.03) and with all three caregiver assistance scales and the social function child scale of the Ugandan version of the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory. The intervention group had larger increases in involvement than the controls (p < 0.001; r = 0.41; z = −3.95), although positive changes were seen in both groups.InterpretationThe Akwenda Intervention Program, which intervened at the level of the child, family, and community, was successful in enhancing participation for children with CP.
Global burden, trends and inequalities for ischaemic heart disease attributable to high fasting plasma glucose, high low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and high systolic blood pressure, 1990–2021: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: An Jun‐Qiao , Jia Yu‐Zhi , Shi Xiao‐Han , He Xue , Zhang Jin‐Xi , Ren Yue‐Han , He Qing‐Yong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimsThe three key and direct risk factors for the significant health issue prevalent worldwide, ischaemic heart disease(IHD), are high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG), high low‐density lipoprotein (HLDL) and high systolic blood pressure (HSBP) in metabolic syndrome (MetS). A comprehensive study is essential to present the most recent global epidemiological trends.MethodsIHD data attributable to HFPG, HLDL and HSBP (3H) were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021. The absolute burden was manifested in the number of death cases and disability‐adjusted life years (DALY). The relative burden was quantified through the age‐standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and the age‐standardized DALY rate (ASDR). Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to measure trends.ResultsHSBP caused the greatest IHD burden, followed by HLDL, which was much higher than HFPG. The IHD burden associated with HLDL and HSBP were more alike and notably different from HFPG. From 1990 to 2021, ASDR for HSBP and HLDL‐related IHD generally declined, with the EAPC of −1.28 (95% CI: −1.34, −1.23) and −1.38 (95% CI: −1.44, −1.33). But the trend was less pronounced for HFPG‐related IHD, with the EAPC of −0.90 (95% CI: −2.25, 0.46). The absolute burden was higher in men under 80 and peaked 5–10 years earlier than women. Compared to HSBP and HLDL, HFPG caused a significant increase in burden in low‐middle and low socio‐demographic index (SDI) regions. The high‐middle SDI region, which originally had the highest burden, showed a clear downward trend after 2005 and was gradually overtaken by the low‐middle region. Eastern Europe, Central Asia, North Africa and the Middle East had the highest burden among the regions with the same SDI level in Europe, Asia and Africa.ConclusionThe HFPG‐related IHD burden should be managed differently from HSBP and HLDL. Particular attention should be paid to men, older age groups and regions with low‐middle SDI.
Designing graduate business curricula by utilizing a market‐driven skills extraction approach
Authors: Boshkoska Biljana Mileva , Sen Sagnika , Boškoski Pavle 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTraditionally, academic institutions have relied on interviews with industry representatives and alumni surveys to gauge market demand, an approach that often results in dated and limited information. In this article, we show that using real‐time data from job postings in professional sites provides more direct, rich, and timely insights regarding the current demand and skill requirements. We propose a novel machine‐learning based framework for detecting the skillsets for positions requiring Master of Business and Administration (MBA). Utilizing LinkedIn job‐posting data in the US state of Pennsylvania, our analysis reveals 20 distinct functional areas. While some of these functional areas (e.g., people management) are predictable, others (e.g., supply chain project management) were not anticipated to be high in demand in the given market. Our results also identify the most sought‐after skillsets (e.g., resource allocation). Most importantly, we observe that the top skillsets span multiple functional areas. Taken together, our results can help business school program directors update and customize curricula to meet market demand.
Acute Myocarditis and Inflammatory Cardiomyopathies: Insights From Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Findings
Authors: Lauriero Francesco , Vita Camilla Vittoria , Perazzolo Alessio , Sanseverino Giovanni , Moliterno Eleonora , Rovere Giuseppe , Marano Riccardo , Natale Luigi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMyocardial inflammation encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions, including acute myocarditis, chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy, and several overlapping entities that differ in clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and progression. These conditions range from self‐limiting acute inflammation to chronic myocardial injury and dysfunction. The etiologic classification of myocardial inflammation highlights the complexity of its pathogenesis, involving direct tissue damage, immune‐mediated mechanisms, and environmental triggers. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has become a central diagnostic tool in the assessment of myocardial inflammation, providing precise characterization of myocardial tissue, assessing cardiac function, and stratifying prognosis. Advanced techniques such as T1 and T2 mapping and extracellular volume quantification have further expanded its diagnostic capabilities. This review highlights the essential role of CMR in diagnosing myocardial inflammation, recognizing various imaging findings associated with different underlying causes, and informing clinical management. The standardization of CMR protocols, along with advancements in imaging techniques and strengthened interdisciplinary collaboration, represents a fundamental step toward improving diagnostic accuracy, patient outcomes, and the understanding of the broad spectrum of myocardial inflammatory diseases.
CT and MR Imaging of Cardiomyopathies in Clinical Practice–An Approach After an Abnormal Echocardiogram or Electrocardiogram
Authors: Monteiro Pedro , Peixoto Tiago , Rodrigues Patrícia , Carvalho João Gomes 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCardiomyopathies represent a diverse group of myocardial disorders characterized by structural and functional abnormalities in the absence of significant coronary artery disease or other primary causes. This review highlights the diagnostic and prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance and computed tomography in the assessment of cardiomyopathies. While echocardiography remains the first‐line imaging modality, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and cardiac computerized tomography (CCT) offer superior tissue characterization, morphological assessment, and functional evaluation, crucial for phenotyping cardiomyopathies into hypertrophic, dilated, restrictive, arrhythmogenic, and non‐dilated left ventricular subtypes. For hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, CMR enables precise identification of fibrosis, hypertrophy distribution, and risk stratification for sudden cardiac death. CMR is pivotal in identifying phenocopies, like cardiac amyloidosis and Anderson–Fabry disease, and differentiating between pathological and physiological remodeling in athlete's heart. For dilated cardiomyopathy, late gadolinium enhancement, T1 mapping, and extracellular volume measurements aid in distinguishing etiologies and predicting adverse outcomes. In arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, CMR demonstrates superior sensitivity for detecting structural abnormalities in the right ventricle, and the presence of fibrosis which is associated with arrhythmic risk. CCT main roles are excluding coronary artery disease and complementing CMR. This review proposes a diagnostic pathway integrating multimodality imaging for clinical management in cardiomyopathies.
Value of Advanced Cardiac CTA in Clinical Assessment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Literature Review and Practical Implications
Authors: Touma Rabih , Pareddy Anisha R. , Abidov Aiden 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common inherited cardiac anomaly with a potentially unfavorable clinical outcome. The essential role of multimodality imaging in HCM is well recognized by major professional cardiac imaging societies and has been incorporated into the HCM clinical practice guidelines. Appropriate utilization of cardiac imaging tools is cardinal for accurate diagnosis and appropriate management for HCM patients to mitigate their lifelong risk of adverse events. Echocardiography is the imaging modality of choice for clinical diagnosis of HCM. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and coronary computed tomography angiogram (CCTA) offer complementary practical information for an inclusive evaluation in such patients. CCTA provides a thorough analysis of the cardiac anatomy and function that is paramount in HCM clinical decision‐making. This review summarizes the utility of CCTA in the clinical assessment of patients with HCM. It outlines the multi‐role of CCTA in HCM, including the quantification of cardiac parameters, myocardial tissue characterization, left ventricular (LV) functional analysis, the definition of cardiac and coronary arteries (CA) anatomy, and the provision of a roadmap for septal reduction therapies (SRT), mitral valve (MV) intervention, and atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation.
Enhanced Transparency on Single‐Name Credit Default Swaps: A Comparison Between the United States and the European Union
Authors: Priem Randy 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe goal of this article is to examine and compare the various actions that both US and EU legislators have taken—or want to take—to enhance the transparency of single‐name credit default swaps (CDSs). Legislators on both sides of the Atlantic are of the view that enhanced transparency is beneficial but their focus is different. That is, the European Union focuses on enhancing pre‐ and post‐trade transparency, whereas US legislators want to mitigate manufactured credit events by requesting disclosure of large positions. Both legislators are of the view that transparency could lead to enhanced market discipline and quality but where European Regulators focus on market participants knowing whether a transaction could take place at a certain price or has happened at certain conditions, US legislators believe that investors should have a more complete picture on creditors’ incentives in restructuring and whether there is a concentrated exposure to a limited number of counterparties. This paper discusses the regulatory differences and explains them based on the different market contexts in both continents.
Developmental Plasticity and the Evolutionary Rescue of a Colonizing Mite
Authors: Stewart Kathryn A. , Smallegange Isabel M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPlasticity, especially in small newly founded populations, can expose genetic variation to selection during the evolutionary rescue of populations, allowing individuals to achieve a phenotype with which they can survive. However, developmental plasticity can also enable organisms to accommodate perturbations, generating new phenotypic variation. We explored whether, at the start of a colonization event, phenotype dynamics follow a “selective” process in which plasticity fuels evolutionary rescue or whether they are due to developmental plasticity in a “generative” process. We investigated this using the bulb mite Rhizoglyphus robini, which expresses a facultative, juvenile dispersal phenotype (deutonymph) under unfavorable conditions and shows alternative adult male phenotypes: competitive fighters or benign scramblers that are expressed to mitigate food stress and which have higher levels of genetic heterozygosity than fighters. Mimicking colonization dynamics, we founded small, medium and large populations from deutonymphs on low or high food to test if scramblers were expressed earliest postcolonization within (i) the smallest founder populations to alleviate inbreeding (selective hypothesis), or (ii) the largest founder populations as a direct consequence of food stress is highest due to higher food competition (generative hypothesis). In line with the generative hypothesis under both food environments, scramblers were expressed at the earliest in the largest founder populations, which also tended to show the lowest growth at the start of the experiment and had the lowest ultimate population size. Our findings highlight the necessity to seek explanations of how developmental pathways likely influence evolutionary rescue patterns, starting with how resource limitation (stress) shapes adaptive responses during colonization.