bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conductive Metallophthalocyanine Framework Films with High Carrier Mobility as Efficient Chemiresistors
Authors: Yue Yan , Cai Peiyu , Xu Xiaoyi , Li Hanying , Chen Hongzheng , Zhou Hong‐Cai , Huang Ning 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe poor electrical conductivity of two‐dimensional (2D) crystalline frameworks greatly limits their utilization in optoelectronics and sensor technology. Herein, we describe a conductive metallophthalocyanine‐based NiPc‐CoTAA framework with cobalt(II) tetraaza[14]annulene linkages. The high conjugation across the whole network combined with densely stacked metallophthalocyanine units endows this material with high electrical conductivity, which can be greatly enhanced by doping with iodine. The NiPc‐CoTAA framework was also fabricated as thin films with different thicknesses from 100 to 1000 nm by the steam‐assisted conversion method. These films enabled the detection of low‐concentration gases and exhibited remarkable sensitivity and stability. This study indicates the enormous potential of metallophthalocyanine‐based conductive frameworks in advanced stand‐off chemical sensors and provides a general strategy through tailor‐make molecular design to develop sensitive and stable chemical sensors for the detection of low‐concentration gases.
Unravelling the Structure of a Medium‐Sized Metalloid Gold Nanocluster and its Filming Property
Authors: Gu Wanmiao , Zhao Yan , Zhuang Shengli , Zha Jun , Dong Jingwu , You Qing , Gan Zibao , Xia Nan , Li Jin , Deng Haiteng , Wu Zhikun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUnravelling the structure of thiolated metalloid gold nanoclusters in the medium‐sized range by single crystal X‐ray crystallography (SCXC) is challenging. Herein, we successfully synthesized a novel Au67(SR)35 nanocluster, and unravelled its single crystal structure by SCXC, which features a mix‐structured Au48 kernel protected by one Au4(SR)5 staple and fifteen Au(SR)2 staples. Unprecedentedly, this structure can be thermally induced to aggregate into larger nanoparticles and self‐deposit to form a gold nanoparticles film onto the walls of a vial or other substrates such as quartz, mica or ceramic, which can be developed into a facile, substrate‐universal and scalable filming method. The film exhibits high sensitivity, uniformity and recyclability as a surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate and can be applied for detecting multiple organic pollutants.
Hydroprocessing of oleic acid for production of jet fuel range hydrocarbons over Sn(1)‐Fe(3)‐Cu(13)/SiO2‐Al2O3 catalyst: Process parameters optimization, kinetics, and thermodynamic study
Authors: Ayandiran Afees A. , Boahene Philip E. , Dalai Ajay K. , Hu Yongfeng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHydroprocessing of vegetable oil to high‐quality jet fuel range hydrocarbons (HRJ) plays a significant role in the development of completely interchangeable substitute for conventional petroleum‐derived jet fuel and has drawn the attention of aviation experts due to its capacity to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions associated with the aviation industry. The limited performance of 1 wt. % Sn promoted Fe(3)‐Cu(13)/SiO2‐Al2O3 catalyst in our previous study has been attributed to the successive consideration of one variable at a time in its evaluation. Maximization of oleic acid conversion and selectivity of jet fuel range hydrocarbons from hydroprocessing of oleic acid over 1 wt. % Sn promoted Fe(3)‐Cu(13)/SiO2‐Al2O3 catalyst with the best combination of the process parameter involved via multivariate approach, and evaluation of kinetic and thermodynamic activation parameters is the focus of this study. Reduced cubic oleic acid conversion model and reduced quadratic jet fuel range hydrocarbons selectivity model of high significance levels, adequate precision, and high correlation coefficient were developed. Reaction temperature of 339.5°C, 1.6 MPa H2 pressure, 6.2 wt.% catalyst concentration, and 8.0 h reaction time were optimum process parameters that can maximize oleic acid conversion and selectivity of jet fuel range hydrocarbons at 98.2% and 82.2%, respectively. This process was found to be endothermic, irreversible, and nonspontaneous with 45.8 KJ/mol activation enthalpy of reaction, 0.25 KJ/mol entropy of reaction, and the reaction's Gibb's free energy of 198.8 KJ/mol at 340°C. The minimum energy required for the reaction to take place was evaluated as 50.7 KJ/mol.
Individualized elective irradiation of the clinically node‐negative neck in definitive radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kou Jia , Lin Li , Jiao Cheng‐Yang , Tian Meng‐Qiu , Zhou Guan‐Qun , Jiang Xue , Ma Jun , Qi Zhen‐Yu , Lu Yao , Sun Ying 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundOral cavity (OC), oropharyngeal (OP), hypopharyngeal (HP), and laryngeal (LA) squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have a high incidence of regional lymph node metastasis (LNM). Elective irradiation for clinically node‐negative neck is routinely administered to treat lymph nodes harboring occult metastasis. However, the optimal elective irradiation schemes are still inconclusive. In this study, we aimed to establish individualized elective irradiation schemes for the ipsilateral and contralateral node‐negative neck of these four types of cancer.MethodsFrom July 2005 to December 2018, 793 patients with OC‐SCC, 464 with OP‐SCC, 413 with HP‐SCC, and 645 with LA‐SCC were recruited retrospectively. Based on the actual incidence of LNM and the tumor characteristics, risk factors for contralateral LNM, as well as node level coverage schemes for elective irradiation, were determined using logistic regression analysis. Additionally, we developed a publicly available online tool to facilitate the widespread clinical use of these schemes.ResultsFor the ipsilateral node‐negative neck, elective irradiation at levels I‐III for OC‐SCC and levels II‐IVa for OP‐, HP‐ and LA‐SCC are generally recommended. In addition, level VIIa should be included in patients with OP‐SCC. Multivariate analyses revealed that posterior hypopharyngeal wall and post‐cricoid region involvement were independently associated with level VIIa metastasis in HP‐SCC (all P < 0.05). For the contralateral node‐negative neck, multivariate analyses revealed that ipsilateral N2b2‐N3, tumors with body midline involvement, and degree of tumor invasion were the independent factors for contralateral LNM (all P < 0.05). In patients who require contralateral neck irradiation, levels I‐II are recommended for OC‐SCC, and additional level III is recommended for patients with ipsilateral N3 disease. Levels II‐III are recommended for OP‐, HP‐, and LA‐SCC, and additional level IVa is recommended for patients with advanced T or ipsilateral N classifications. Furthermore, additional level VIIa is recommended only for OP‐SCC with T4 and ipsilateral N3 disease.ConclusionBased on our findings, we suggest that individualized and computer‐aided elective irradiation schemes could reduce irradiation volumes in OC‐, OP‐ and HP‐SCC patients, as compared to current guidelines, and could thus positively impact the patients' quality of life after radiotherapy.
Dynamic Modeling of a Sub‐zero, Fed‐Batch, Packed Distillation Column to Produce Tetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Espach Johannes I. , Sonnendecker Paul W. , Crouse Philippus L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEquilibrium and rate‐based dynamic models are proposed for a laboratory‐scale, fed‐batch, packed distillation column that operates at sub‐zero temperatures. The purpose of the column is to separate tetrafluoroethylene from a ternary mixture that also contains hexafluoropropylene and octafluorocyclobutane. The simulation results for both models indicate second‐order type responses, with either increases or decreases from the expected steady‐state values. It is recommended to build a start‐up routine into the simulations. Experimental validation should also form part of future work.
Visible Light‐Promoted Sulfoxonium Ylides Synthesis from Aryl Diazoacetates and Sulfoxides
Authors: Lu Juan , Li Lei , He Xiang‐Kui , Xu Guo‐Yong , Xuan Jun 
Published: February 2021

Main observation and conclusionA visible light‐promoted reaction of donor/acceptor diazoalkanes with sulfoxides towards the synthesis of synthetically useful sulfoxonium ylides was reported. The reaction occurred under sole visible light irradiation without the need of any transition‐metals or additives, affording the corresponding sulfoxonium ylides in moderate to good yields. The success of late‐stage modification of natural isolates or drug candidates, scale‐up reaction and transformation of sulfoxonium ylides to other useful molecules further rendered the approach valuable.
Detection of tumor‐derived cell‐free DNA from colorectal cancer peritoneal metastases in plasma and peritoneal fluid
Authors: van't Erve Iris , Rovers Koen P , Constantinides Alexander , Bolhuis Karen , Wassenaar Emma CE , Lurvink Robin J , Huysentruyt Clément J , Snaebjornsson Petur , Boerma Djamila , van den Broek Daan , Buffart Tineke E , Lahaye Max J , Aalbers Arend GJ , Kok Niels FM , Meijer Gerrit A , Punt Cornelis JA , Kranenburg Onno , de Hingh Ignace HJT , Fijneman Remond JA 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTumor‐derived cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) is an emerging biomarker for guiding the personalized treatment of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). While patients with CRC liver metastases (CRC‐LM) have relatively high levels of plasma cfDNA, little is known about patients with CRC peritoneal metastases (CRC‐PM). This study evaluated the presence of tumor‐derived cfDNA in plasma and peritoneal fluid (i.e. ascites or peritoneal washing) in 20 patients with isolated CRC‐PM and in the plasma of 100 patients with isolated CRC‐LM. Among tumor tissue KRAS/BRAF mutation carriers, tumor‐derived cfDNA was detected by droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) in plasma of 93% of CRC‐LM and 20% of CRC‐PM patients and in peritoneal fluid in all CRC‐PM patients. Mutant allele fraction (MAF) and mutant copies per ml (MTc/ml) were lower in CRC‐PM plasma than in CRC‐LM plasma (median MAF = 0.28 versus 18.9%, p < 0.0001; median MTc/ml = 21 versus 1,758, p < 0.0001). Within patients with CRC‐PM, higher cfDNA levels were observed in peritoneal fluid than in plasma (median MAF = 16.4 versus 0.28%, p = 0.0019; median MTc/ml = 305 versus 21, p = 0.0034). These data imply that tumor‐derived cfDNA in plasma is a poor biomarker to monitor CRC‐PM. Instead, cfDNA detection in peritoneal fluid may offer an alternative to guide CRC‐PM treatment decisions.
Flow cytometry detection of CD138 expression continuum between monotypic B and plasma cells is associated with both high IgM peak levels and MYD88 mutation and contributes to diagnosis of Waldenström macroglobulinemia
Authors: Gayet Mylene , Leymarie Vincent , Derouault Paco , Guérin Estelle , Vaidié Julien , Pascal Virginie , Boulin Mélanie , Dmytruk Nataliya , Chauzeix Jasmine , Trimoreau Franck , Gachard Nathalie , Feuillard Jean , Rizzo David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundDifferential diagnosis of Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) with other indolent B‐cell malignancies is still a challenge. Here, we propose an original and simple analysis of routine flow cytometry (FCM) unraveling the characteristic ongoing plasma cell (PC) differentiation of WM tumor B‐cells.MethodsFCM analysis of both B‐cells and PC was performed on a series of 77 patients with IgM peak. MYD88 and CXCR4 mutations were studied using an allele‐specific PCR and by high throughput sequencing.ResultsTwenty seven (35%), 46 (58%) and 4 (5%) patients were classified as WM, IgM monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or other B‐NHL respectively. MYD88 mutation was found in 25/27 WM (93%) and in 29/46 MGUS (63%). Using FCM, monotypic B‐cells were found in 27/27 WM (100%) and 34/46 MGUS (74%). Monotypic CD138pos/CD38pos PCs were detected in 23/27 WM (85%) and 25/46 MGUS (54%). Highlighting the ongoing PC differentiation of WM tumor B‐cells by FCM, we evidenced a CD138 expression continuum between monotypic B‐cells and PCs. This pattern remained absent in control samples and was significantly associated with higher IgM peaks (p = 6.10−5) and MYD88 mutations (p = 10−3) in both WM and MGUS cases.ConclusionsFCM exploration of both B‐cells and PC led to identify a CD138 expression continuum as an objective marker of ongoing PC differentiation of WM tumor cells and was strongly associated with increased IgM peak levels and MYD88 mutations. This approach could contribute to place FCM at the forefront of WM diagnosis.
Strong impact of management regimes on rhizome biomass across Central European temperate grasslands
Authors: Ottaviani Gianluigi , Lubbe Frederick Curtis , Lepš Jan , Lisner Aleš , Martínková Jana , Mudrák Ondřej , Klimešová Jitka 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGrassland ecosystems account for approximately 40% of terrestrial biomes globally. These communities are characterized by a large allocation to belowground biomass, often exceeding its aboveground counterpart. However, this biomass investment cannot be entirely attributed to the acquisitive function of roots. Grassland plants also allocate to non‐acquisitive, stem‐derived, belowground organs, such as rhizomes. These organs are responsible for the key plant functions of space occupancy, resprouting after damage, and seasonal rest. However, biomass investment to rhizomes has rarely been studied. Here we gathered community‐level aboveground and rhizome biomass data for 52 temperate grasslands in Czech Republic (Central Europe), differing in management intensity. We found that rhizome biomass scaled linearly with aboveground biomass, and more intensive management disproportionally (negatively) affected rhizome biomass. This finding may have important implications for the persistence of temperate grassland plants and their provision of ecosystem services (e.g., soil carbon sequestration, soil stabilization) in relation to changing environments.
The eggshell structure in apteryx; form, function, and adaptation
Authors: Vieco‐Galvez David , Castro Isabel , Morel Patrick C. H. , Chua Wei Hang , Loh Michael 
Published: February 2021

AbstractApteryx is a genus of flightless birds endemic to New Zealand known to lay very large eggs in proportion to body weight. The eggshell of Apteryx is unusually thin and less porous than allometrically expected possibly as a compensation for a very long incubation period. Past studies have been carried out on Apteryx australis, a species which once comprised all kiwi with brown plumage, now separated into three distinct species. These species use different habitats and live at different latitudes and altitudes, therefore generating a need to revise our knowledge of the attributes of their eggshells. In this study, we measured the physical characteristics and water conductance on eggshell fragments of these three species and Great‐spotted Kiwi and relate them to the environmental conditions of their respective environments; we also measured the water vapor conductance of Brown Kiwi eggs of late stages of incubation. We found that several trade‐offs exist between incubation behavior, environmental conditions, and eggshell structure. We found differences between species in eggshell water vapor conductance seemingly related to altitude; Brown Kiwi and Rowi generally inhabiting lower altitudes had the highest conductance and Tokoeka, generally living in montane environments, the lowest. This is achieved by an increased eggshell thickness rather than a pore area reduction. Finally, the water vapor conductance late in incubation was 58% higher than infertile unincubated eggs, suggesting a drastic increase in conductance throughout the long incubation period. Using the values previously reported, we calculated the embryonic eggshell thinning to be 32.5% at the equatorial region of the eggshell. We describe several new features, such as triangular mineral particles in the cuticle, reported for the extinct Trigonoolithus amoei, and confirmed the existence of plugged pores. We suggest that these structures provide microbial protection needed by a burrow nesting species with a long incubation period.
Stroke and systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure according to heart failure type
Authors: Uhm Jae‐Sun , Kim Jun , Yu Hee Tae , Kim Tae‐Hoon , Lee So‐Ryoung , Cha Myung‐Jin , Choi Eue‐Keun , Lee Jung Myung , Kim Jin‐Bae , Park Junbeom , Park Jin‐Kyu , Kang Ki‐Woon , Shim Jaemin , Park Hyung Wook , Lee Young Soo , Kim Chang‐Soo , Mun Ji Eun , Son Nak‐Hoon , Joung Boyoung 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to elucidate the risk for stroke and systemic embolism (SE) in patients with atrial fibrillation and heart failure (HF) according to HF type.Methods and resultsA total of 10 780 patients with atrial fibrillation were enrolled in a multicentre prospective registry and divided according to HF type: no‐HF, HF with preserved ejection fraction (EF) (HFpEF), HF with mid‐range EF (HFmrEF), and HF with reduced EF (HFrEF). Each group included 237 age‐matched and sex‐matched patients (age, 69.0 ± 10.3 years; men, 69.6%). The baseline characteristics, cumulative incidence, and hazard ratios for stroke/SE and major bleeding were compared across the groups. Patients with HF accounted for 10.3% of the total population; HFpEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF represented 43.7%, 23.6%, and 32.7% of the patients with HF, respectively. The CHA2DS2‐VASc score was significantly higher in the HFpEF, HFmrEF, and HFrEF groups than in the no‐HF group. The annual stroke/SE incidence rates were 2.8%, 0.7%, 1.1%, and 0.9% in the HFpEF, HFmrEF, HFrEF, and no‐HF groups, respectively. The cumulative incidence of stroke/SE was significantly highest in the HFpEF group at 22.8 ± 10.0 months (P = 0.020). The stroke/SE risk was higher in the HFpEF group than in the HFmrEF and HFrEF groups (hazard ratio, 3.192; 95% confidence interval, 1.039–9.810; P = 0.043). E/e' value was an independent risk factor for stroke/SE. There were no significant differences in the incidence of major bleeding across the groups.ConclusionsThe stroke/SE risk was the highest in the HFpEF group and comparable between the HFmrEF and HFrEF groups.
Atroposelective Synthesis, Structure and Properties of a Novel Class of Axially Chiral N‐Aryl Quinolinium Salt
Authors: Sweet Jamie S. , Rajkumar Sundaram , Dingwall Paul , Knipe Peter C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInspired by naturally occurring molecules containing atropisomeric N+‐C axes, we have developed a novel synthetic approach to generate a library of axially chiral N‐aryl quinolinium salts. Enantiopurities up to 93 % ee were obtained via a four‐step route from commercially available precursors. Axial stereochemistry was controlled through an enantioselective ring‐closing Buchwald–Hartwig coupling reaction. The structure and properties of the salts were examined by X‐ray crystallography, DFT, UV‐Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy, revealing high rotational barriers and solvatochromic behaviour.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy with transcranial direct current stimulation to explore the underlying biochemical and physiological mechanism of the human brain: A systematic review
Authors: Choi Chang‐Hoon , Iordanishvili Elene , Shah N. Jon , Binkofski Ferdinand 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA large body of molecular and neurophysiological evidence connects synaptic plasticity to specific functions and energy metabolism in particular areas of the brain. Furthermore, altered plasticity and energy regulation has been associated with a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. A favourable approach enabling the modulation of neuronal excitability and energy in humans is to stimulate the brain using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and then to observe the effect on neurometabolites using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). In this way, a well‐defined modulation of brain energy and excitability can be achieved using a dedicated tDCS protocol to a predetermined brain region. This systematic review was guided by the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analysis and summarises recent literature studying the effect of tDCS on neurometabolites in the human brain as measured by proton or phosphorus MRS. Limitations and recommendations are discussed for future research. The findings of this review provide clear evidence for the potential of using tDCS and MRS to examine and understand the effect of neurometabolites in the in vivo human brain.
Health insurance, risk attitudes, and household financial behavior
Authors: Li Zhongda , Liu Lu , Shi Jiayu , Sui Yubing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMedical expenditure risk is widely believed to reduce households' willingness to bear other risks and in turn alter their behavior. In this paper, we investigate the role of health insurance in household financial decision. To this end, we consider a double‐multinomial discrete‐factor model of insurance choice and portfolio allocation. Using data from a Chinese household survey, we find that enrolling in a health insurance scheme with better policies is associated with a higher probability of owning risky assets. This positive effect is stronger for households with lower risk aversion. Our findings suggest that risk attitudes could indirectly influence portfolio outcomes through affecting households' responsiveness to changes in medical expenditure risk.
Coagulopathy, Bleeding Events, and Outcome According to Rotational Thromboelastometry in Patients With Acute Liver Injury/Failure
Authors: Stravitz R. Todd , Fontana Robert J. , Meinzer Caitlyn , Durkalski‐Mauldin Valerie , Hanje A. James , Olson Jody , Koch David , Hamid Bilal , Schilsky Michael L. , McGuire Brendan , Ganger Daniel , Liou Iris , Karvellas Constantine J. , Rule Jody A. , Lisman Ton , Clasen Kristin , Reuben Adrian , Cripps Michael , Lee William M. ,   ALF Study Group
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims
Patients with acute liver injury or failure (ALI/ALF) experience bleeding complications uncommonly despite an abnormal hemostatic profile. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), which assesses clot formation in whole blood, was used to determine the nature of abnormal hemostasis and whether it contributes to bleeding events, illness severity, or survival.

Approach and Results
A total of 200 patients were recruited from sites of the ALF Study Group. Blood collected daily for up to 5 days was analyzed using ROTEM delta devices. Consistent with standard laboratory evidence of hypocoagulability (median international normalized ratio = 2.9 and platelet count = 144 × 109/L), patients frequently exhibited ROTEM parameters outside the normal range (73% and 62% had abnormalities in clot formation from extrinsic and intrinsic clotting cascades, respectively); however, measures of clot stability were generally normal. Eighteen patients (9%) experienced bleeding events, in whom clot initiation, assembly, and firmness were more severely deranged than patients without bleeding. Abnormal ROTEM parameters were more frequently observed in patients with non‐acetaminophen ALI/ALF than those with acetaminophen ALI/ALF (clot initiation [P < 0.001], assembly [P = 0.02], firmness at 10 minutes [P = 0.05], and maximal firmness [P = 0.06]). Patients with more severe systemic complications (high‐grade hepatic encephalopathy and need for renal replacement therapy) also had a higher incidence of abnormal ROTEM parameters. Finally, more hypocoagulable ROTEM parameters (clot initiation (P = 0.005), stiffness at 10 minutes (P = 0.05), and maximal stiffness by fibrin assembly (P = 0.004)) were observed in patients who died or underwent liver transplantation than those who survived with their native liver.

Conclusions
In patients with ALI/ALF, abnormal ROTEM parameters are frequent and proportional to disease severity. Whether the increased bleeding risk associated with abnormal ROTEM indicates hemostatic failure or is a proxy for disease severity requires additional study.