bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Linguistic Markers of CEO Hubris: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Akstinaite Vita , Garrard Peter , Sadler‐Smith Eugene 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the potential of machine learning for recognizing and analysing linguistic markers of hubris in CEO speech. This research is based on three assumptions: hubris is associated with potentially destructive leader behaviours; linguistic utterances are a way of distinguishing between leaders who are likely to exhibit such behaviours; identifying hubris at‐a‐distance using machine learning techniques provides a reliable, automated and scalable method for the identification and prevention of destructive outcomes emanating from CEO hubris. Using machine learning techniques, we analysed spoken utterances from a sample of hubristic CEOs and compared them with non‐hubristic CEOs. We found that machine learning algorithms have the ability to identify automatically hubristic versus non‐hubristic speech patterns. One of the main implications of this study is building a foundation for future studies that are interested in the application of machine learning in the fields of hubristic and other forms of destructive leadership, and in the study of the role that language plays in management and organizations more generally. We discuss the implications of automated data extraction and analysis for the prediction of CEOs’, and other employees’, category membership, intentions and behaviours. We offer recommendations for how hubristic and destructive leadership in organizations can be managed and curtailed more effectively, thereby obviating their negative consequences.
Humanitarianism, securitization, and containment in Jordan's Za'atari Refugee Camp
Authors: Pasha Suraina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThrough a case study on Za'atari, the largest Syrian refugee camp in Jordan, this paper critically explores a contemporary example of intersection between local and global humanitarian and securitization processes in refugee governance. The paper argues that Syrian refugees have been subjected to humanitarian care and securitized treatment, with their construction in terms of potential threat to State security interests spiking in correlation with insecurities over the expansion of the “Islamic State” (IS). The paper tracks the suit of measures implemented by the host Jordanian State, with the support of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), to produce docile refugee subjects of “humanitarian government” in a closed camp. It notes how the UNHCR invariably augments and extends the remit of Jordanian State power at the expense of refugee rights, in the name of ensuring refugee and aid worker security and the effectiveness of the aid operation. The camp plays a critical role in a performative politics of containment targeting local and global audiences.
Postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) estimation from the microbiome of sus scrofa bone in a freshwater lake
Authors: Cartozzo Claire , Singh Baneshwar , Swall Jenise , Simmons Tal 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile many studies have developed microbial succession‐based models for the prediction of postmortem interval (PMI) in terrestrial systems, similar well‐replicated long‐term decomposition studies are lacking for aquatic systems. Therefore, this study sought to identify temporal changes in bacterial community structure associated with porcine skeletal remains (n = 198) for an extended period in a fresh water lake. Every ca. 250 ADD, one cage, containing 5 ribs and 5 scapulae, was removed from the lake for a total of nineteen collections. Water was also sampled at each interval. Variable region 4 (V4) of 16S rDNA was amplified and sequenced for all collected samples using Illumina MiSeq FGx Sequencing platform; resulting data were analyzed with the mothur (v1.39.5) and R (v3.6.0). Bacterial communities associated with ribs differed significantly from those associated with scapulae. This difference was mainly attributed to Clostridia, Holophagae, and Spirochaete relative abundances. For each bone type, α‐diversity increased with ADD; similarly, β‐diversity bacterial community structure changed significantly with ADD and were explained using environmental parameters and inferred functional pathways. Models developed using 24 rib and 34 scapula family‐level taxa allowed the prediction of PMSI with root mean square error of 522.97 ADD (~57 days) and 333.8 ADD (~37 days), respectively.
Combination of nitrous oxide and the modified inflation‐deflation method for identifying the intersegmental plane in segmentectomy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yang Wenjing , Liu Zicheng , Yang Chun , Liu Shijiang , Guo Minna , Wen Wei , Wang Jun , Liu Cunming , Zhu Quan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring thoracoscopic segmentectomy, accurately and rapidly identifying the intersegmental plane (ISP) is of great importance. This study aimed to investigate the effect and safety of a nitrous oxide (N2O)/oxygen (O2) inspired mixture on the appearance time of the ISP (TISP) via the modified inflation‐deflation method.MethodsA total of 65 participants who underwent segmentectomy were randomized into three groups: 75% N2O (n = 24), 50% N2O (n = 23) or 0% N2O (n = 18). The 75% N2O group received a gas mixture of N2O/O2 (Fio2 = 0.25), the 50% N2O group received N2O/O2 (Fio2 = 0.5), and the 0% N2O group received 100% oxygen during lung expansion. The appearance time of satisfactory and ideal planes was recorded. Furthermore, arterial blood gas at breathing room air, one‐lung ventilation (OLV) before lung expansion, 5 and 15 min after lung expansion were also recorded.ResultsTISP was significantly shorter in the 75% N2O group (320.2 ± 65.9 s) compared with that of the 50% N2O group (552.4 ± 88.9 s, p < 0.001) and the 0% N2O group (968.3 ± 85.5 s, p < 0.001), while the 50% N2O group was shorter than that of the 0% N2O group (p < 0.001). Arterial oxygenation was significantly improved in the 0% N2O group only after lung expansion, before which there were no differences in mean PaO2 values among groups.ConclusionsThe use of N2O in the inspired gas mixture during lung expansion is an applicable strategy to rapidly identify the ISP via the modified inflation‐deflation method without any adverse effect on OLV related arterial oxygenation during segmentectomy.
Density‐dependent age of first reproduction as a key factor for population dynamics: stable breeding populations mask strong floater declines in a long‐lived raptor
Authors: Katzenberger Jakob , Gottschalk Eckhard , Balkenhol Niko , Waltert Matthias 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe age at which individuals reproduce for the first time is a key demographic factor impacting population dynamics and is subject to substantial variation across animal populations. There is also widespread empirical evidence that age of first reproduction responds to changes in population density over time, especially for long‐lived birds and mammals. The density dependence in age of first reproduction has profound impacts on the size of the non‐breeding (‘floater’) part of the population. A better understanding of floater dynamics in raptor populations is urgently needed for comprehensive assessments of conservation status and management. We use the European near‐endemic red kite Milvus milvus, a long‐lived raptor of conservation concern, as an example to investigate total population dynamics with an age‐structured demographic model. Using published estimates of survival and reproduction, we model the red kite population in Germany over four decades, considering also density dependence in the age of first reproduction in different model scenarios. Based on the literature and the results of our simulations, we show that age of first reproduction for the red kite most likely responds non‐linearly to density and that this general feedback mechanism should regularly be considered in demographic simulations. Our model results have far‐reaching implications for the conservation status of the red kite, as they highlight a drastic decrease of juvenile and non‐breeding individuals in the population over time – driven both by declining vital rates and a density‐dependent shift towards a younger age of first breeding. This process is not visible when judged only by the size of the breeding population, which our model estimates to be of similar size today as in the 1980s. The total red kite population reconstructed for Germany, however, seems diminished to nearly 50% of its former size.
High‐dimensional analysis defines multicytokine T‐cell subsets and supports a role for IL‐21 in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Czarnowicki Tali , Kim Hyun Je , Villani Axel P. , Glickman Jacob , Duca Ester Del , Han Joseph , Pavel Ana B. , Lee Brian H. , Rahman Adeeb H. , Merad Miriam , Krueger James G. , Guttman‐Yassky Emma 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundFlow cytometry is a well‐accepted approach for immune profiling; however, its value is restricted by the limited number of markers that can be analyzed simultaneously. Mass cytometry/CyTOF offers broad‐scale immune characterization integrating large number of parameters. While partial blood phenotyping was reported in atopic dermatitis (AD), patients’ comprehensive profiling, critical for leveraging new targeted treatments, is not available. IL‐21 may be involved in inflammatory skin diseases but its role in AD is not well established.MethodsWe studied T‐cell polarization in the blood of 20 moderate‐to‐severe AD and 15 controls. Using CyTOF and an unsupervised analysis, we measured the frequencies and mean metal intensities of activated polar CD4+/CD8+ T‐cell subsets. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and qRT‐PCR were used to analyze skin samples.ResultsExamining 24 surface, intracellular markers, and transcription factors, we identified six CD4+ and five CD8+ T‐cell metaclusters. A CD4+ skin‐homing IL‐13+monocytokine and a novel IL‐13+IL‐21+ multicytokine metaclusters were increased in AD vs. controls (p < .01). While IL‐13 signature characterized both clusters, levels were significantly higher in the IL‐21+ group. Both clusters correlated with AD severity (r = 0.49, p = .029). Manual gating corroborated these results and identified additional multicytokine subsets in AD. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, validated by mRNA expression, displayed significantly increasedIL‐21 counts and colocalization with IL‐13/IL‐4R in AD skin.ConclusionA multicytokine signature characterizes moderate‐to‐severe AD, possibly explaining partial therapeutic responses to one cytokine targeting, particularly in severe patients. Prominent IL‐21 signature in blood and skin hints for a potential pathogenic role of IL‐21 in AD.
Is there a role for glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists in the treatment of male infertility?
Authors: Cannarella Rossella , Calogero Aldo E. , Condorelli Rosita A. , Greco Emanuela A. , Aversa Antonio , La Vignera Sandro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP1‐RAs) are novel anti‐hyperglycemic drugs efficacious on glucose control, weight loss, and cardiovascular prevention. These drugs may also be effective in modulating testicular function. In fact, they increase serum testosterone levels in diabetic and/or obese patients with functional hypogonadism on a dysmetabolic basis. Although part of this effect can be ascribed to weight loss, some evidence suggests that there is a direct effect at the testicular level. Indeed, human Leydig, Sertoli, and germ cells express GLP1 receptors. GLP1‐RAs improve sperm metabolism, motility, and insulin secretion in vitro. Likewise, GLP1‐RAs exert positive effects on the metabolism of human Sertoli cells in vitro. Finally, GLP1 is secreted by mouse Leydig cells and this suggests the presence of a paracrine mechanism by which these cells could support the metabolism of Sertoli cells. Therefore, the widespread use of GLP1‐RAs in clinical practice may reveal an important role in the management of male infertility in obese and/or diabetic patients given the negative impact of these diseases on testicular steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. This should suggest the design of randomized controlled studies aimed at evaluating the effects of these drugs on testicular function.
Macrophage activation in stellate ganglia contributes to lung injury‐induced arrhythmogenesis in male rats
Authors: Hong Juan , Adam Ryan J. , Gao Lie , Hahka Taija , Xia Zhiqiu , Wang Dong , Nicholas Thomas A. , Zucker Irving H. , Lisco Steven J. , Wang Han‐Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimPatients suffering from acute lung injury (ALI) are at high risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias. We hypothesized that stellate ganglia (SG) neural inflammation contributes to ALI‐induced arrhythmia.MethodsWe created an ALI rat model using a single tracheal instillation of bleomycin (2.5 mg/kg), with saline as a sham control. We recorded ECGs by implanted radiotelemetry in male bleomycin and sham rats treated with and without oral minocycline (20 mg/kg/d), an anti‐inflammatory drug that inhibits microglia/macrophage activation. The SG neuronal excitability was assessed by electrophysiology experiments.ResultsECG data showed that bleomycin‐exposed rats exhibited significantly more spontaneous premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) from 1‐ to 3‐week post‐induction compared with sham rats, which was mitigated by chronic oral administration of minocycline. The bleomycin‐exposed rats displayed a robust increase in both the number of Iba1‐positive macrophages and protein expression of interferon regulatory factor 8 in the SG starting as early at 1‐week post‐exposure and lasted for at least 4 weeks, which was largely attenuated by minocycline. Heart rate variability analysis indicated autonomic imbalance during the first 2‐week post‐bleomycin, which was significantly attenuated by minocycline. Electrical stimulation of the decentralized SG triggered more PVCs in bleomycin‐exposed rats than sham and bleomycin + minocycline rats. Patch‐clamp data demonstrated enhanced SG neuronal excitability in the bleomycin‐exposed rats, which was attenuated by minocycline. Co‐culture of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐pretreated macrophages with normal SG neurons enhanced SG neuronal excitability.ConclusionMacrophage activation in the SG contributes to arrhythmogenesis in bleomycin‐induced ALI in male rats.
Population pharmacokinetics and probability of target attainment in patients with sepsis under renal replacement therapy receiving continuous infusion of meropenem: Sustained low‐efficiency dialysis and continuous veno‐venous haemodialysis
Authors: Westermann Isabella , Gastine Silke , Müller Carsten , Rudolph Wiebke , Peters Frank , Bloos Frank , Pletz Mathias , Hagel Stefan 
Published: April 2021

AimsTo describe the population pharmacokinetics (PK) and probability of target attainment (PTA) of continuous infusion (CI) of meropenem in septic patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT).MethodsFifteen patients without RRT, 13 patients receiving sustained low‐efficiency dialysis and 12 patients receiving continuous veno‐venous haemodialysis were included. Population PK analysis with Monte Carlo simulations for different dosing regimens was performed. For minimum inhibitory concentration 2 mg/L was chosen. The target was set as 50% time ≥4× minimum inhibitory concentration.ResultsThe PK of meropenem was best described by a 1‐compartment model with linear elimination. Serum creatinine, residual diuresis and time on RRT, with no difference between sustained low‐efficiency dialysis and continuous veno‐venous haemodialysis, were found to be significant covariates affecting clearance, explaining >20% of the clearance between subject variability. PTA analysis showed that in patients with RRT, 2 g/24 h, meropenem CI achieved a PTA of 95%. In patients without RRT, the target was achieved with 3 g/24 h CI or prolonged infusion of 1 g meropenem over 8 hours but not with bolus application of 1 g meropenem for 8 hours. Only 2 patients (both without RRT) had meropenem concentrations below the target level. However, approximately half of the patients with RRT receiving CI 3 g/24 h meropenem had toxic concentrations.ConclusionWe found relevant PK variability for meropenem CI in septic patients with or without RRT, leading to a substantial risk for overdosing in patients with RRT. This finding highlights the strong demand for personalized dosing in critically ill patients.
Oxytocin and vasopressin: Signalling, behavioural modulation and potential therapeutic effects
Authors: Rae Mariana , Lemos Duarte Mariana , Gomes Ivone , Camarini Rosana , Devi Lakshmi A. 
Published: April 2021

Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) are endogenous ligands for OT and AVP receptors in the brain and in the peripheral system. Several studies demonstrate that OT and AVP have opposite roles in modulating stress, anxiety and social behaviours. Interestingly, both peptides and their receptors exhibit high sequence homology which could account for the biased signalling interaction of the peptides with OT and AVP receptors. However, how and under which conditions this crosstalk occurs in vivo remains unclear. In this review we shed light on the complexity of the roles of OT and AVP, by focusing on their signalling and behavioural differences and exploring the crosstalk between the receptor systems. Moreover, we discuss the potential of OT and AVP receptors as therapeutic targets to treat human disorders, such as autism, schizophrenia and drug abuse.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Building Bridges in Neuropharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.8/issuetoc
Apocynin prevents cigarette smoking‐induced loss of skeletal muscle mass and function in mice by preserving proteostatic signalling
Authors: Chan Stanley M. H. , Bernardo Ivan , Mastronardo Chanelle , Mou Kevin , De Luca Simone N. , Seow Huei Jiunn , Dobric Aleksandar , Brassington Kurt , Selemidis Stavros , Bozinovski Steven , Vlahos Ross 
Published: April 2021

Background and PurposeSkeletal muscle dysfunction is a major comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This type of muscle dysfunction may be a direct consequence of oxidative insults evoked by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure. The present study examined the effects of a potent Nox inhibitor and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, apocynin, on CS‐induced muscle dysfunction.Experimental ApproachMale BALB/c mice were exposed to either room air (sham) or CS generated from nine cigarettes per day, 5 days a week for 8 weeks, with or without the coadministration of apocynin (5 mg·kg−1, i.p.). C2C12 myotubes exposed to either hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or water‐soluble cigarette smoke extract (CSE) with or without apocynin (500 nM) were used as an experimental model in vitro.Key ResultsEight weeks of CS exposure caused muscle dysfunction in mice, reflected by 10% loss of muscle mass and 54% loss of strength of tibialis anterior which were prevented by apocynin administration. In C2C12 myotubes, direct exposure to H2O2 or CSE caused myofibre wasting, accompanied by ~50% loss of muscle‐derived insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)‐1 and two‐fold induction of Cybb, independent of cellular inflammation. Expression of myostatin and MAFbx, negative regulators of muscle mass, were up‐regulated under H2O2 but not CSE conditions. Apocynin treatment abolished CSE‐induced Cybb expression, preserving muscle‐derived IGF‐1 expression and signalling pathway downstream of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), thereby preventing myofibre wasting.Conclusion and ImplicationsTargeted pharmacological inhibition of Nox‐derived ROS may alleviate the lung and systemic manifestations in smokers with COPD.
Accuracy of static computer‐assisted implant placement in long span edentulous area by novice implant clinicians: A cross‐sectional in vitro study comparing fully‐guided, pilot‐guided, and freehand implant placement protocols
Authors: Abduo Jaafar , Lau Douglas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo ensure accurate implant placement, surgical guides are used to control the steps of implant placement surgery.PurposeEvaluation of the accuracy of implant placement in long span edentulous area by novice implant clinicians according to fully‐guided (FG), pilot‐guided (PG), and freehand (FH) placement protocols.Materials and methodsMaxillary surgical models with four missing teeth from the right first canine to the first molar were produced by 3‐dimensional printing. Fourteen clinicians new to implant dentistry participated in the study, and each one of them inserted one canine and one molar implant for every implant placement protocol. All implant placement steps were completed in phantom heads to simulate the clinical situation. To evaluate the accuracy, the implant vertical, horizontal platform, horizontal apex, angle, and interimplant distance deviations from the planned positions were calculated.ResultsWith the exception of vertical deviation, the FG placement was clearly more accurate than the PG and FH placements for all the variables for canine and molar implants. The PG placement was significantly more accurate than the FH placement for the horizontal platform and apex deviations, and interimplant distance deviation. The FG placement did not show a significant impact of the location of the implant, or the horizontal deviations of the platform or the apex. The PG and FH placements showed increased deviation at the canine implant than the molar implant, and at the apex of the implants than the platform of the implants.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this in vitro study, novice clinicians achieved a significantly more accurate implant position with FG placement, followed by PG and FH placements respectively. Therefore, a form of guided surgery is beneficial for novice clinicians.
British Rhinological Society Consensus Guidance on the use of biological therapies for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Hopkins Claire , McKenzie Jo‐Lyn , Anari Shahram , Carrie Sean , Ramakrishnan Yujay , Kara Naveed , Philpott Carl , Hobson Jonathan , Qureishi Ali , Stew Ben , Bhalla Raj , Gane Simon , Walker Abigail , Harries Phil , Hathorn Iain , Lund Valerie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe set out to create Consensus Guidelines, based on current evidence and relative risks of adverse effects and the costs of different treatments, which reflect the views of the British Rhinological Society (BRS) Council on where the use of biologics should be positioned within treatment pathways for CRSwNP, specifically in the setting of the National Health Service (NHS).DesignAn expert panel of 16 members was assembled. A review of the literature and evidence synthesis was undertaken and circulated to the panel. We used the RAND/UCLA methodology with a multi‐step process to make recommendations on the use of biologics.SettingN/A.ParticipantsN/A.ResultsRecommendations were made, based on underlying disease severity, prior treatments and co‐morbidities. A group of patients for whom biologics were considered an appropriate treatment option for CRSwNP was defined.ConclusionsAlthough biologics are not currently available for the treatment of CRSwNP, the BRS Council have defined a group of patients who have higher rates of “failure” with current treatment pathways, higher resource use and are more likely to suffer with uncontrolled symptoms. We would urge NICE to consider approval of biologics for such indications without applying further restrictions on use.