bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of serum Gasdermin D with anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis
Authors: Ma Xiaoyu , Chen Chen , Lu Yaxin , Fang Ling , Cao Baohua , Hu Xueqiang , Qiu Wei , Shu Yaqing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is associated with autoimmune disorders and neuroinflammatory disorders, but its role in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis is unclear. In this study, we measured serum levels of GSDMD in 42 patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis and 25 healthy controls. Of the 42 patients, 17 had follow‐up evaluation of GSDMD levels and modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores at 3 months. Association of GSDMD with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis and its clinical parameters were evaluated. Serum GSDMD levels were significantly higher in patients with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis than in healthy controls (p = 0.002, padjusted = 0.009), especially in males (p = 0.001, padjusted = 0.022). This was also evident in patients with severe impairment (mRS >3 vs mRS ≤3; p < 0.001). Serum GSDMD was associated with mRS before and after adjustment for age and gender (r = 0.440 and 0.430, p = 0.004 and 0.006, respectively) as well as serum CH50 (r = −0.419 and −0.426, p = 0.011 and 0.012, respectively). Furthermore, 3‐month follow‐up evaluation revealed that after treatment, anti‐NMDAR encephalitis patients had significantly decreased serum GSDMD levels (p = 0.007) and significantly decreased mRS scores (p = 0.002) compared with before treatment. Furthermore, the changes in mRS scores were negatively associated with changes in GSDMD levels, although the associations were not significant (r = −0.222, p = 0.393). Our findings show that serum GSDMD levels are elevated in anti‐NMDAR encephalitis and are associated with disease prognosis.
image
What do young women below national screening age in England think about cervical cancer and cervical screening? A qualitative study
Authors: Groves Samantha , Brooks Joanna 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesTo explore what women aged below the national screening age in the UK know and think about cervical cancer and cervical screening.BackgroundThe efficacy of cervical cancer screening is well established. However, cervical screening attendance in the United Kingdom has decreased, with especially low rates at the first screening opportunity at age 25. Research has not yet explored knowledge and beliefs underpinning young women's intention to screen before first screening invitation.DesignQualitative exploratory study.MethodsQualitative email interviews were undertaken with 16 participants, using questions derived from the Health Belief Model. Data were analysed using template analysis. The COREQ were followed.ResultsAnalysis generated three themes; (1) Learning about cervical cancer and cervical screening: sources of information and (missed) opportunities; (2) Young women know screening is important – but they don't always know why; (3) Screening intentions: a cost/benefit analysis of the available information.ConclusionsYoung women had varied knowledge and beliefs about cervical cancer and screening which were underpinned by several sources of information available to them. Most women expressed an intention to attend screening when invited; however, some participants were unsure, with low screening‐based knowledge and low perceived susceptibility of cervical cancer identified as key barriers. Social media, familial interactions and interventions within education were highlighted as being suited to interventions aimed at increasing cervical cancer‐ and screening‐based knowledge in young women.Relevance to clinical practiceFindings suggest that women below screening age could be better informed about cervical cancer and screening. Tailored interventions addressing common concerns and misconceptions around screening may be acceptable to young women and could help to promote screening attendance at first invitation.
Consumer‐led approach to adapt a food‐odors emotional lexicon for the Spanish population: A tool for designing the scent of food spaces
Authors: Romeo‐Arroyo Elena , Mora María , Vázquez‐Araújo Laura 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAromas are powerful stimuli capable of triggering emotions. The Geneva Emotion and Odor Scale (GEOS) was developed to measure the affective response to odors, and was later adapted to other countries and cultures (EOSs). Also, an universal scale was proposed (UniGEOS) to be used regardless of the culture, but without considering Spanish‐speaking cultures. During the present research, a lexicon for measuring the emotions evoked by food‐related odors has been developed, adapting the aforementioned scales to the Spanish population and using a consumer‐led approach. Using EOSs lists as starting point, the procedure was: to discard nonemotional terms and translate the selected ones, to group the emotions and remove the irrelevant ones for the food‐odors category, and to test the lexicon. The developed lexicon (SEFrOS) contained six categories, 25 terms. The lexicon shared some dimensions with EOSs, but with specific differences, maybe related to culture or the food‐linked nature of the lexicon.Practical applicationsEmotions elicited by foods have been investigated during the last years to favor proper products positioning in the market. Odors have been used to modulate customer perceptions and attitudes towards products and stores, because of being closely linked to these emotions' elicitation. Although some lexicons have been developed to assess food‐related emotions, no lexicon has been developed to specifically evaluate the emotions elicited by food‐odors, and to study the emotions elicited by the odor of food‐related spaces. This research presents the development of a new lexicon for food‐odors, using previously validated odor scales as starting point, and adapting them to the Spanish population, well‐known because of its eating‐out model closely related to different food spaces.
Fostering SME supplier‐enabled innovation in the supply chain: The role of innovation policy
Authors: Selviaridis Kostas , Spring Martin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBuying organizations collaborate with their suppliers to innovate, and increasingly seek to tap into the innovation potential of technologically adept small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) who are new to them. Engagement with technology‐based SMEs as possible suppliers can be constrained by institutions (e.g., rules, regulations, and norms of conduct) embodied in the buying organization's procurement and supply chain strategy, processes, and practices. Although prior research has examined how institutional forces influence supplier‐enabled innovation, little is known about institutional failures that are particularly germane to innovative SMEs and impede collaboration between these SMEs and buying organizations. Consistent with the focus of the second emerging discourse incubator (EDI) on researching the effects of institutions (e.g., regulations) and public policies on supply chains, we investigate how enacted innovation policies address SME‐specific institutional failures in a public sector context, that of the English National Health Service (NHS). Our qualitative research reveals that public agencies responsible for policy enactment seek to promote SME supplier‐enabled innovation in the supply chain through institutional change and mitigation, SME connectivity to supply chain actors, and SME supplier development support. We synthesize our findings into a research model and set of propositions which theorize on the specific mechanisms underpinning the interventions of policy‐enacting agencies and their effects. Our study contributes to the literature on supplier‐enabled innovation and to research focusing on collaboration between buyers and innovative small suppliers. More broadly, we generate theoretical insights regarding the role of public agencies enacting policy as a class of non‐firm actors whose interventions influence the supply chain. The findings also add to our understanding of the interplay between supply chains and institutions.
Obstructive sleep apnea during the chronic stroke recovery period: Comparison between primary haemorrhagic and ischaemic events
Authors: Griesbach Grace S. , Howell Stefanie N. , Masel Brent E. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe present study retrospectively determined the incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after a primary haemorrhagic event compared to an ischaemic stroke during the post‐acute recovery period ( > 3 months). Consideration of medications taken during the sleep evaluation provided additional information on the association between OSA and pathophysiological conditions that may increase the risk of a repeated cardiovascular event. The medical records from 103 patients that underwent a type I fully attended overnight polysomnography as a standard evaluation procedure at a rehabilitation facility were reviewed. Diagnosis of ischaemic or primary haemorrhagic stroke was obtained from a neurological report that was typically confirmed by imaging. Medications taken at the time of the sleep study were documented. Age‐adjusted assessment of sleep‐disordered breathing revealed a higher incidence of apnea and hypopnea in the ischaemic stroke group (p < 0.005). Patients with ischaemic stroke were also more likely to have severe OSA (p < 0.005). In comparison, a higher percentage of patients with haemorrhagic stroke had an apnea–hypopnea index <5 events/hr (p < 0.005). Those with an ischaemic stroke were taking more lipid lowering agents (p < 0.05). Results suggest that apnea is less prevalent after a haemorrhagic stroke, independent of hypertension, compared to an ischaemic stroke. An increase in predictive values for OSA was observed for indicators of diabetes (p < 0.05). These data indicate that it is relevant to consider stroke type when determining the risk of OSA during the chronic recovery period thus facilitating new strategies for stroke recurrence prevention.
Association between serum fibroblast growth factor‐23 concentration and development of hyperphosphatemia in normophosphatemic dogs with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Miyakawa Hirosumi , Hsu Huai‐Hsun , Ogawa Mizuki , Akabane Ryota , Miyagawa Yuichi , Takemura Naoyuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundFibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐23 is increased first in the sequence of changes associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD)‐mineral and bone disorder. Thus, its measurement may serve as a predictive indicator of incident hyperphosphatemia.ObjectivesTo investigate whether serum FGF‐23 concentration in normophosphatemic dogs with CKD is associated with the risk of the subsequent development of hyperphosphatemia and CKD progression.AnimalsForty‐two normophosphatemic dogs with CKD.MethodsBlood samples and medical records were retrospectively investigated. Hyperphosphatemia was defined as a serum phosphorous concentration >5.0 mg/dL. Progression was defined as a >1.5‐fold increase in serum creatinine concentration. The time periods and hazard ratios for these outcomes were assessed using Kaplan‐Meier analysis, log‐rank test, and univariate Cox regression analysis. The variables associated with the outcomes in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate Cox regression model with backward selection.ResultsSerum FGF‐23 concentration >528 pg/mL was associated with a shorter time to development of hyperphosphatemia (P < .001) and CKD progression (P < .001). In multiple Cox regression analysis, increased FGF‐23 concentration remained a significant variable associated with these outcomes (P < .05).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceIncreased FGF‐23 concentration in normophosphatemic dogs with CKD was associated with significant risk of development of hyperphosphatemia, independent of CKD stage, and of the progression of CKD. Future research focusing on whether interventions that decrease FGF‐23 secretion will slow the development of hyperphosphatemia and CKD progression is needed.
Slow crabs ‐ fast genomes: Locomotory capacity predicts skew magnitude in crustacean mitogenomes
Authors: Jakovlić Ivan , Zou Hong , Chen Jian‐Hai , Lei Hong‐Peng , Wang Gui‐Tang , Liu Jianquan , Zhang Dong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBase composition skews (G−C/G+C) of mitochondrial genomes are believed to be primarily driven by mutational pressure, which is positively correlated with metabolic rate. In marine animals, metabolic rate is also positively correlated with locomotory capacity. Given the central role of mitochondria in energy metabolism, we hypothesised that selection for locomotory capacity should be positively correlated with the strength of purifying selection (dN/dS), and thus be negatively correlated with the skew magnitude. Therefore, these two models assume diametrically opposite associations between the metabolic rate and skew magnitude: positive correlation in the prevailing paradigm, and negative in our working hypothesis. We examined correlations between the skew magnitude, metabolic rate, locomotory capacity, and several other variables previously associated with mitochondrial evolution on 287 crustacean mitogenomes. Weakly locomotory taxa had higher skew magnitude and ω (dN/dS) values, but not the gene order rearrangement rate. Skew and ω magnitudes were correlated. Multilevel regression analyses indicated that three competing variables, body size, gene order rearrangement rate, and effective population size, had negligible impacts on the skew magnitude. In most crustacean lineages selection for locomotory capacity appears to be the primary factor determining the skew magnitude. Contrary to the prevailing paradigm, this implies that adaptive selection outweighs nonadaptive selection (mutation pressure) in crustaceans. However, we found indications that effective population size (nonadaptive factor) may outweigh the impact of locomotory capacity in sessile crustaceans (Thecostraca). In conclusion, skew magnitude is a product of the interplay between adaptive and nonadaptive factors, the balance of which varies among lineages.
Pervasive admixture and the spread of a large‐lipped form in a cichlid fish radiation
Authors: Sowersby Will , Cerca José , Wong Bob B. M. , Lehtonen Topi K. , Chapple David G. , Leal‐Cardín Mariana , Barluenga Marta , Ravinet Mark 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdaptive radiations have proven important for understanding the mechanisms and processes underlying biological diversity. The convergence of form and function, as well as admixture and adaptive introgression, are common in adaptive radiations. However, distinguishing between these two scenarios remains a challenge for evolutionary research. The Midas cichlid species complex (Amphilophusspp.) is a prime example of adaptive radiation, with phenotypic diversification occurring at various stages of genetic differentiation. One species,A.labiatus, has large fleshy lips, is associated with rocky lake substrates, and occurs patchily within Lakes Nicaragua and Managua. By contrast, the similar, but thin‐lipped, congener,A.citrinellus, is more common and widespread. We investigated the evolutionary history of the large‐lipped form, specifically regarding whether the trait has evolved independently in both lakes from ancestral thin‐lipped populations, or via dispersal and/or admixture events. We collected samples from distinct locations in both lakes, and assessed differences in morphology and ecology. Using RAD‐seq, we genotyped thousands of SNPs to measure population structure and divergence, demographic history, and admixture. We found significant between‐species differences in ecology and morphology, local intraspecific differences in body shape and trophic traits, but only limited intraspecific variation in lip shape. Despite clear ecological differences, our genomic approach uncovered pervasive admixture between the species and low genomic differentiation, with species within lakes being genetically more similar than species between lakes. Taken together, our results suggest a single origin of large‐lips, followed by pervasive admixture and adaptive introgression, with morphology being driven by local ecological opportunities, despite ongoing gene‐flow.
PqsR‐independent quorum‐sensing response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 outlier‐strain reveals new insights on the PqsE effect on RhlR activity
Authors: García‐Reyes Selene , Cocotl‐Yañez Miguel , Soto‐Aceves Martín Paolo , González‐Valdez Abigail , Servín‐González Luis , Soberón‐Chávez Gloria 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous environmental bacterium and an opportunistic pathogen that represents an important health hazard. The quorum‐sensing response regulates the expression of several virulence factors and involves three regulons: Las, Rhl, and Pqs. The P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 strain, which belongs to the genetically diverse PA7 clade, contains a frame‐shift mutation in the pqsR gene that encodes a transcriptional activator necessary for pyocyanin (PYO) synthesis in type strains PAO1 and PA14. Here we characterize the PqsE‐dependent production of PYO in strain ATCC 9027. We show that this strain expresses pqsE independently of PqsR and in the absence of quinolone production, and that PqsE promotes the RhlR‐dependent production of PYO, yet this production is not strictly dependent on PqsE. In addition, we show that in both strains ATCC 9027 and PAO1, PqsE overexpression causes an increased concentration of RhlR and enhances PYO production but does not affect rhamnolipids (RL) production in the same way. These results suggest that PqsE interaction with RhlR preferentially modifies its ability to activate transcription of genes involved in PYO production and provide new evidence about PqsE‐dependent RhlR activation, highlighting the variability of the QS response among different P. aeruginosa clades and strains.Highlights

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 is able to produce pyocyanin in phosphate limiting conditions, even in the absence of a functional PqsR.

This strain does not produce alkyl quinolones like PQS and HHQ, but expresses pqsE.

Synthesis of pyocyanin by ATCC 9027 is only partially dependent on pqsE.

The overexpression of pqsE in the ATCC 9027 and PAO1 strains causes pyocyanin overproduction.

The overexpression of pqsE in these strains causes an increased RhlR concentration without affecting rhlR transcription or translation.

Rhamnolipids production is not affected to the same extent as pyocyanin by overexpression of pqsE in these strains.
Direct aspiration through a balloon guide catheter can augment vessel wall injury
Authors: Inoue Hiroyasu , Yamada Kentaro , Oomura Masahiro , Naiki‐Ito Aya , Matsukawa Noriyuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe report a 75‐year‐old woman with extracranial internal carotid artery occlusion treated with neurointervention. The patient presented with tandem lesions for which mechanical thrombectomy was performed. Retrieval of massive white clots and endothelial tissue by forceful manual aspiration via a balloon guiding catheter after angioplasty can be indicative of augmentation of vessel wall injury.
General well‐being of intensive care nurses: A prototype analysis
Authors: Jarden Rebecca J. , Sandham Margaret , Siegert Richard J. , Koziol‐McLain Jane 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrototype analyses of well‐being have identified central characteristics and prototypicality for New Zealand teachers, lawyers, adolescents, and work well‐being of nurses. What has not yet been explored is the broad construct of well‐being in intensive care nurses.AimsTo identify intensive care nurses' conceptions of general well‐being and investigate whether their general well‐being is prototypically organized.DesignPrototype analysis.MethodsThree linked studies conceptualize well‐being in this prototype analysis. In study 1, nurses reported features of well‐being. Study 2 investigated the organization of these features. Study 3 sought confirmation of prototypical organization.ResultsSixty‐five New Zealand nurses participated. For study 1 (n = 23), the most frequently reported elements of well‐being included physical health (n = 26), work‐life balance (n = 20), and personal relationships (n = 18). For study 2 (n = 25), the highest rated elements included mental and emotional health, [general] health, work‐life balance, and love. Work‐life balance, physical health, and personal relationships were in the top five most frequently reported and were rated in the top 12 most central. Overall, ratings of centrality and the number of times reported were positively correlated (r = 0.33, P < .005). For study 3 (n = 17), confirmatory analyses did not reach statistical significance (P = .15).ConclusionsPhysical health, work‐life balance, and personal relationships are key characteristics of well‐being for intensive care nurses. Mental, emotional, and general health and work‐life balance were considered most important for well‐being.Relevance to clinical practicePhysical health, work‐life balance, and personal relationships are key characteristics of well‐being for intensive care nurses. These characteristics of the broad construct of well‐being are helpful in both defining and identifying conceptual models of well‐being that may be used to inform the development and measurement of well‐being programmes.
Introduction to the Special Issue ‐ The internet, social media and trade union revitalization: Still behind the digital curve or catching up?
Authors: Geelan Torsten 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article introduces the special issue of New Technology, Work and Employment titled “The Internet, Social Media and Trade Union Revitalization: Still Behind the Digital Curve or Catching Up?” The objectives of this special issue are threefold. First, to develop an analytical framework that can help researchers assess the role that internal and external factors play in mediating the nature and scope of union experimentation with new information and communication technologies (ICTs) and its contribution to the outcomes of revitalisation. Second, to present methods and concepts that are new to this area of research. Third, to generate empirical insight into how the various actors that constitute the trade union movement (e.g. worker councils, union confederations, trade unions, and union‐led coalitions) can and are using the internet, social media and artificial intelligence as a means of revitalisation. Taken together the geographical scope of the articles range from single‐country cases studies in Germany, the UK and Canada, to a cross‐national case study in Australia and the USA, and a comparative study across Europe. In terms of ICTs, attention is given to websites, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and an AI chatbot.