bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Careful return to elective orthopaedic surgery in an acute hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic shows no increase in morbidity or mortality
Authors: Jabbal Monu , Campbel Nathan , Savaridas Terence , Raza Ali 
Published: November 2021

Aims Elective orthopaedic surgery was cancelled early in the COVID-19 pandemic and is currently running at significantly reduced capacity in most institutions. This has resulted in a significant backlog to treatment, with some hospitals projecting that waiting times for arthroplasty is three times the pre-COVID-19 duration. There is concern that the patient group requiring arthroplasty are often older and have more medical comorbidities—the same group of patients advised they are at higher risk of mortality from catching COVID-19. The aim of this study is to investigate the morbidity and mortality in elective patients operated on during the COVID-19 pandemic and compare this to a pre-pandemic cohort. Primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were perioperative complications, including nosocomial COVID-19 infection. These operations were performed in a district general hospital, with COVID-19 acute admissions in the same building. Methods Our institution reinstated elective operations using a “Blue stream” pathway, which involves isolation before and after surgery, COVID-19 testing pre-admission, and separation of ward and theatre pathways for “blue” patients. A register of all arthroplasties was taken, and their clinical course and investigations recorded. Results During a seven-month period, 340 elective arthroplasties were performed. There was zero mortality. One patient had a positive swab for COVID-19 while an inpatient, but remained asymptomatic. There were two readmissions within a 12-week period for hip dislocation. Patients had a mean age of 68 years (28 to 90), mean BMI of 30 kg/m2 (19.0 to 45.6), and mean American Society of Anesthesiologists grade of 2 (1 to 3). Conclusion Results show no increased morbidity or mortality in this cohort of patients compared to the same hospital’s morbidity and mortality pre-COVID-19. The screened pathway for elective patients is effective in ensuring that patients can be safely operated on electively in an acute hospital. This study should reassure clinicians and patients that arthroplasties can be carried out safely when the appropriate precautions are in place. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(11):940–944.
A New Look at the Occurrences of the Rare-Earth Elements in the Georgia Kaolins
Authors: Elliott W. Crawford , Gardner Daniel J. , Malla Prakash , Riley Ed 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe high-density siliciclastic minerals (e.g. zircon) in the coarse fractions (>44 mm, informally known as grit) of the mined Georgia kaolins are potential and significant sources of the rare-earth elements (REE). The abundances and provenance of the REE signature have not been studied extensively for the Georgia kaolins. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to define the contribution of these heavy minerals (e.g. zircon) to the REE inventory of the coarse fractions of Georgia kaolins. Heavy-mineral subfractions separated from the coarse fractions contained 1647 mg/kg REE from the Jeffersonville Member of the Lower Tertiary Huber Formation and 5012 mg/kg REE from the Buffalo Creek Kaolin Member of the Upper Cretaceous Galliard Formation, respectively. These heavy-mineral subfractions were enriched 10–100 times in the heavy rare-earth elements (HREE, Gd—Lu,), Hf, and Zr relative to the concentrations of these elements in Upper Continental Crust. The heavy-mineral subfractions comprised 5% of the coarse fractions (grit) of these two kaolin-producing formations. The heavy-mineral subfractions consisted of zircon, anatase, rutile, kaolinite, and minor amounts of muscovite, trace ilmenite, and staurolite. The large concentrations of REE were obtained by separating the dense heavy minerals from the coarse fraction (grit) obtained during the typical production of kaolin-group minerals (kaolinite) from kaolin ore. The amount of zircon (estimated from the 6–11 wt.% Zr) and the absence of monazite did not explain the high concentrations of REE in the heavy-mineral subfractions. The large amounts of REE could have resulted from the sorption of REE released during weathering reactions, or from the presence of small amounts (0.025 wt.%) each of monazite and xenotime in addition to the presence of zircon. This heavymineral subfraction represented a novel domestic resource of extractable REE, especially the HREE, of a grade as high as 0.50 wt.% total REE.
Cohesive Strength Improvement Mechanism Of Kaolinite Near the Anode During Electroosmotic Chemical Treatment
Authors: Lin Yuan-Shiang , Ou Chang-Yu , Chien Shao-Chi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInjection of CaCl2 and Na2SiO3 solutions into clay suspensions during electroosmosis often improves the cohesive strength of clays near the anode and cathode, whereas the cohesive strength of clays between the electrodes remains weak. Although the main improvement mechanism for the cohesive strength of clays near the cathode was demonstrated to be a pozzolanic reaction (formation of calcium silicate hydrate cement), the mechanism of improved cohesive strength near the anode is still not understood. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanism for the improvement of cohesive strength near the anode and, thus, make it possible to determine a way to enhance the range in improvement using kaolinite as the test clay. The test was performed by first injecting CaCl2 solution during electroosmosis until the optimum volume of CaCl2 was attained. This was followed by treatment with Na2SiO3 solution for different lengths of time. The results indicate that the anode region after treatment was acidic (pH = 4) because the electrolysis of water causes acidification near the anode. As Na2SiO3 solution was injected through the anode, the mechanism of cohesive strength improvement of the treated clay near the anode was attributed to the silicic acid polymerization effect provided by the Na2SiO3 solution. The silicic acid may link the clay particles together to form a gel network in a low pH environment. The clay gel network structure developed rigidity as the water content was reduced. In addition, as the volume of injected Na2SiO3 solution was increased, the cohesive strength near the anode also increased.
Ultra-sensitive Dirac-point-based biosensing on terahertz metasurfaces comprising patterned graphene and perovskites
Authors: Yan Xin , Li Tengteng , Ma Guohong , Gao Ju , Wang Tongling , Yao Haiyun , Yang Maosheng , Liang Lanju , Li Jing , Li Jie , Wei Dequan , Wang Meng , Ye Yunxia , Song Xiaoxian , Zhang Haiting , Ma Chao , Ren Yunpeng , Ren Xudong , Yao Jianquan 
Published: November 2021

Biosensors are a focus of research on terahertz metasurfaces. However, reports of ultra-sensitive biosensors based on Dirac points are rare. Here, a new terahertz metasurface is proposed that consists of patterned graphene and perovskites. This serves as an ultra-sensitive Dirac-point-based biosensor for qualitative detection of sericin. Theoretically, sericin may make graphene n-doped and drive the Fermi level to shift from the valence band to the Dirac point, causing a dramatic decrease in conductivity. Correspondingly, the dielectric environment on the metasurface undergoes significant change, which is suited for ultra-sensitive biosensing. In addition, metal halide perovskites, which are up-to-date optoelectronic materials, have a positive effect on the phase during terahertz wave transmission. Thus, this sensor was used to successfully detect sericin with a detection limit of 780 pg/mL, achieved by changing the amplitude and phase. The detection limit of this sensor is as much as one order of magnitude lower than that of sensors in published works. These results show that the Dirac-point-based biosensor is a promising platform for a wide range of ultra-sensitive and qualitative detection in biosensing and biological sciences.
Nanopore metagenomic sequencing for detection and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples
Authors: Gauthier Nick P. G. , Nelson Cassidy , Bonsall Michael B. , Locher Kerstin , Charles Marthe , MacDonald Clayton , Krajden Mel , Chorlton Samuel D. , Manges Amee R. 
Published: November 2021

Objectives
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the need for rapid novel diagnostic strategies. Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing (mNGS) may allow for the detection of pathogens that can be missed in targeted assays. The goal of this study was to assess the performance of nanopore-based Sequence-Independent Single Primer Amplification (SISPA) for the detection and characterization of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
We performed mNGS on clinical samples and designed a diagnostic classifier that corrects for barcode crosstalk between specimens. Phylogenetic analysis was performed on genome assemblies.

Results
Our assay yielded 100% specificity overall and 95.2% sensitivity for specimens with a RT-PCR cycle threshold value less than 30. We assembled 10 complete, and one near-complete genomes from 20 specimens that were classified as positive by mNGS. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 10/11 specimens from British Columbia had a closest relative to another British Columbian specimen. We found 100% concordance between phylogenetic lineage assignment and Variant of Concern (VOC) PCR results. Our assay was able to distinguish between the Alpha and Gamma variants, which was not possible with the current standard VOC PCR being used in British Columbia.

Conclusions
This study supports future work examining the broader feasibility of nanopore mNGS as a diagnostic strategy for the detection and characterization of viral pathogens.
Inactive status is an independent predictor of liver transplant waitlist mortality and is associated with a transplant centers median meld at transplant
Authors: Merola Jonathan , Gan Geliang , Stewart Darren , Noreen Samantha , Mulligan David , Batra Ramesh , Haakinson Danielle , Deng Yanhong , Kulkarni Sanjay 
Published: November 2021

Background
Approximately 30% of patients on the liver transplant waitlist experience at least one inactive status change which makes them temporarily ineligible to receive a deceased donor transplant. We hypothesized that inactive status would be associated with higher mortality which may differ on a transplant centers’ or donor service areas’ (DSA) Median MELD at Transplant (MMaT).

Methods
Multi-state models were constructed (OPTN database;06/18/2013-06/08/2018) using DSA-level and transplant center-level data where MMaT were numerically ranked and categorized into tertiles. Hazards ratios were calculated between DSA and transplant center tertiles, stratified by MELD score, to determine differences in inactive to active transition probabilities.

Results
7,625 (30.2% of sample registrants;25,216 total) experienced at least one inactive status change in the DSA-level cohort and 7,623 experienced at least one inactive status change in the transplant-center level cohort (30.2% of sample registrants;25,211 total). Inactive patients with MELD≤34 had a higher probability of becoming re-activated if they were waitlisted in a low or medium MMaT transplant center or DSA. Transplant rates were higher and lower re-activation probability was associated with higher mortality for the MELD 26–34 group in the high MMaT tertile. There were no significant differences in re-activation, transplant probability, or waitlist mortality for inactivated patients with MELD≥35 regardless of a DSA’s or center’s MMaT.

Conclusion
This study shows that an inactive status change is independently associated with waitlist mortality. This association differs by a centers’ and a DSAs’ MMaT. Prioritization through care coordination to resolve issues of inactivity is fundamental to improving access.
Comparison of VividTrac, King Vision and Macintosh laryngoscopes in normal and difficult airways during simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation among novices
Authors: Keresztes Dóra , Mérei Ákos , Rozanovic Martin , Nagy Edina , Kovács-Ábrahám Zoltán , Oláh János , Maróti Péter , Rendeki Szilárd , Nagy Bálint , Woth Gábor 
Published: November 2021

Introduction
Early endotracheal intubation improves neurological outcomes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation, although cardiopulmonary resuscitation is initially carried out by personnel with limited experience in a significant proportion of cases. Videolaryngoscopes might decrease the number of attempts and time needed, especially among novices. We sought to compare videolaryngoscopes with direct laryngoscopes in simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation scenarios.

Materials and methods
Forty-four medical students were recruited to serve as novice users. Following brief, standardized training, students executed endotracheal intubation with the King Vision®, Macintosh and VividTrac® laryngoscopes, on a cardiopulmonary resuscitation trainer in normal and difficult airway scenarios. We evaluated the time to and proportion of successful intubation, the best view of the glottis, esophageal intubation, dental trauma and user satisfaction.

Results
In the normal airway scenario, significantly shorter intubation times were achieved using the King Vision® than the Macintosh laryngoscope. In the difficult airway scenario, we found that the VividTrac® was superior to the King Vision® and Macintosh laryngoscopes in the laryngoscopy time. In both scenarios, we noted no difference in the first-attempt success rate, but the best view of the glottis and dental trauma, esophageal intubation and bougie use were more frequent with the Macintosh laryngoscope than with the videolaryngoscopes. The shortest tube insertion times were achieved using the King Vision® in both scenarios.

Conclusion
All providers achieved successful intubation within three attempts, but we found no device superior in any of our scenarios regarding the first-attempt success rate. The King Vision® was superior to the Macintosh laryngoscope in the intubation time in the normal airway scenario and noninferior in the difficult airway scenario for novice users. We noted significantly less esophageal intubation using the videolaryngoscopes than using the Macintosh laryngoscope in both scenarios. Based on our results, the KingVision® might be recommended over the VividTrac® and Macintosh laryngoscopes for further evaluation.
Lessons learned from assessing the cover and yield of bilberry and lingonberry using the national forest inventories in Finland and Sweden
Authors: Miina Jari , Bohlin Inka , Lind Torgny , Dahlgren Jonas , Härkönen Kari , Packalen Tuula , Tolvanen Anne 
Published: November 2021

Bilberry ( L.) and lingonberry ( L.) can be a part of healthy diet and are important for many animals. Two approaches are described to assessing their vegetation cover and berry yield via national forest inventory (NFI) observations. The aim was to provide estimates and predictions of the abundance and yield of the species at regional and national levels in Finland and Sweden. In Finland, the model-based predictions are used in evaluating the impacts of cutting intensity on forest berries needed in forest-related decision making. In Sweden, seasonal inventory-based estimates are used to evaluate the annual national and regional berry yields, and in a forecasting system aimed at large public and berry enterprises. Based on the NFI sample plots measured between 2014 and 2018, the total annual yields are estimated to be 208 Mkg of bilberry and 246 Mkg of lingonberry on productive forest land (increment at least 1 m ha year) in Finland, and 336 and 382 Mkg respectively in Sweden (average of NFI inventories in 2015â2019). The predicted development of berry yields is related to the intensity of cuttings in alternative forest management scenarios: lower removals favoured bilberry, and higher removals lingonberry. The model-based method describes the effects of stand development and management on berry yields, whereas the inventory-based method can calibrate seasonal estimates through field observations. In providing spatially and timely more accurate information concerning seasonal berry yields, an assessment of berry yields should involve the elements of both inventory-based and model-based approaches described in this study.Vaccinium myrtillusV. vitis-idaea3â1â1
Producción de biodiesel a partir del aceite extraído de almendra del corozo Bactris guineensis asistida mediante ultrasonido de sonda directa
Authors: Madrid De la Rosa Juan Martín , Mendoza Meza Dary , Fontalvo Gómez Miriam 
Published: November 2021

Contexto: Teniendo en cuenta que el corozo (Bactris guineensis) es una fruta exótica del Caribe colombiano utilizada localmente en la industria de los alimentos y que su almendra posee alto contenido oleaginoso (39,43 % ± 0,49), el presente trabajo busca abordar el aprovechamiento del aceite de la almendra del corozo como alternativa en la obtención de biodiesel haciendo uso de ultrasonido de sonda directa como medio de agitación.
Método: Los ensayos se llevaron a cabo bajo diferentes valores de relación molar alcohol: aceite, concentración de catalizador, amplitud de ultrasonido y tiempo. Para ello se utilizó un diseño central compuesto y se usó la variable de respuesta ‘rendimiento de reacción’ para determinar las condiciones óptimas para la obtención de biodiesel.
Resultados: Se obtuvo un rendimiento máximo de reacción del 81,05 % empleando una relación molar alcohol: aceite de 6:1; concentración de catalizador de 0,70 %; amplitud de la sonda de ultrasonido del 20 % y tiempo de reacción de 15 minutos
Conclusiones: Se demostró que el producto final cumple con la mayoría de las propiedades señaladas por la norma técnica colombiana (NTC 5444). La implementación del ultrasonido de sonda directa permitió obtener altos rendimientos con tiempos de reacción inferiores a los reportados con los métodos convencionales de agitación, lo cual representa una oportunidad de reducir los gastos energéticos asociados con la producción del biocombustible. Adicionalmente, la diversificación de las materias primas para la fabricación de biodiesel aprovechando los ácidos grasos extraídos de la biomasa residual de B. guineensis, representa una oportunidad para el impulso de la economía regional.
Metodología: Se utilizó un diseño central compuesto para establecer las mejores condiciones de reacción en la obtención de biodiesel.
Resultados: Se obtuvo un rendimiento máximo de reacción del 81,05 % usando una relación molar alcohol: aceite de 6:1; concentración de catalizador de 0,70 %; amplitud de la sonda de ultrasonido del 20 % y tiempo de reacción de 15 minutos
Conclusiones: Se demostró que el biodiesel obtenido cumple con la mayoría de las propiedades establecidas por la norma técnica colombiana (NTC 5444) para el uso en motores diésel. La implementación del ultrasonido de sonda directa permitió obtener altos rendimientos con tiempos de reacción inferiores a los reportados con los métodos convencionales de agitación, lo cual representa una oportunidad de reducir los gastos energéticos asociados con la producción del biocombustible. Adicionalmente, la diversificación de las materias primas para la producción de biodiesel mediante el uso de aceites extraídos de la biomasa residual de B. guineensis, se constituye en una oportunidad para el desarrollo de la economía regional.
Financiamiento: Este proyecto se llevó a cabo con el apoyo del programa Jóvenes Investigadores de Colciencias, Convocatoria “N° 775 de 2017”.
Optimal Power Flow through Artificial Intelligence Techniques
Authors: Hernandez Cesar , Sánchez Huertas William , Gómez Víctor 
Published: November 2021

Context: The integration of optimization methods into the various processes carried out by an electric power system seeking energy efficiency have led to satisfying results in the reduction of consumption as well as in terms of technical losses, security increase and system reliability.
Objective: The purpose of this article is to identify a method offering the best optimization outcome for the power flow of an energy distribution system with 10 nodes at 13.2 kV.
Methodology: The results of voltage profiles are presented for a 10-node energy distribution system using the Newton Raphson method. Afterward, the system is optimized using genetic and ant colony algorithms.
Results: Their implementation determined that the sum of the potential differences of distribution lines is notably reduced with the genetic algorithm. However, the ant colony optimization code takes less time to run and has a lower number of iterations.
Conclusions: The most efficient optimization is achieved with the genetic algorithm since the evolution of the population shows better optimization levels in comparison to the ant colony algorithm.
Financing: Universidad Francisco José de Caldas and Colciencias
MODIFICATION OF THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOR TO MEASURE THE INTENTIONS AND BEHAVIOR OF PEOPLES PARTICIPATION IN THE WASTE BANK PROGRAM (CASE: BANTUL REGENCY)
Authors: Fatliana Anggun Nindy , Handayani Naniek Utami , Mahacandra Manik , Linarti Utaminingsih 
Published: November 2021

Waste is an environmental problem that hasn’t been resolved until now. This problem can be overcome with the waste bank program. The success of the waste bank is supported by the high level of community participation. Currently, the level of community participation in Bantul Regency is still low, which is below 50%. The purpose of this research is to investigates what factors that can increase people’s intention and behavior of participating in waste bank activities at Bantul Regency. This research using factors from Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model. Besides of factors from Theory of Planned Behavior this research added other factors like knowledge of how and what, knowledge of the consequences and situational factors used as a measurement tools. The research used 300 samples. The target respondents for this research are members who actively participate in the waste bank activities. The sampling technique is purposive sampling, regression analysis methods is using on this research. The analysis results showed that attitudes, subjective norms, knowledge of how and what, knowledge of consequence and situational factor have a significant effect on the people’s intention to participate in the waste bank programs. Meanwhile the perceived control behavior variable has no significant effect on the people’s intention to participate in the waste bank program. All the factors togethers can explain the intention of 44.7%.
Growth of Salmonella Enteritidis in the presence of quorum sensing signaling compounds produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: He Weijia , Yang Huamei , Wang Xiang , Li Hongmei , Dong Qingli 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) can exist in food-related bacteria and potentially affect bacterial growth through acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs). To verify the role of QS compounds in the cell-free supernatant, this study examined the effect of supernatant extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa culture on the growth kinetics of Salmonella Enteritidis. The results showed that the lag time (λ) of S. Enteritidis was apparently reduced (p < 0.05) under the influence of P. aeruginosa culture supernatant compared with the S. Enteritidis culture supernatant. HPLC-MS/MS test demonstrated that AHLs secreted by P. aeruginosa were mainly C14-HSL with a content of 85.71 μg/mL and a small amount of 3-oxo-C12-HSL. In addition, the commercially synthetic C14-HSL had positive effects on the growth of S. Enteritidis, confirming once again that the growth of S. Enteritidis was affected by AHL metabolized by other bacteria and the complexity of bacterial communication.