bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Overview: A Summary of ACoxMnyNizO2 and Metal Oxides as Versatile Cathode Materials for Metal‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Pimlott Jessica L. , Street Ryan J. , Down Michael P. , Banks Craig E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEarly LiCoO2 research provided the basis for the tremendous commercial success of Li+ batteries since their invention in the early 1990s. Today, LiNiMnCoO2 (Li‐NMC) is one of the most widely used batteries in the rapidly evolving electronic vehicle industry. Li‐NMC batteries continue to receive significant interest as research efforts aim to partially, or entirely, replace the use of scarcely available and toxic Co with elemental doping to form binary, ternary, and quaternary layered oxides. Furthermore, safety concerns and rising uncertainty for the future of Li supplies have resulted in growing curiosity toward non‐Li+ rechargeable batteries such as Na+ and K+. Unfortunately, the success of Li+ host materials does not always directly transfer to Na+ and K+ batteries due to the difficulty of reversibly intercalating larger ions without irreparably distorting the host structure. Consequently, this report provides an overview of the Li‐based materials surrounding the success of commercial Li‐NMC and the subsequent progress of their lesser studied Na and K counterparts. The challenges for current cathode materials are highlighted, and the opportunities for progression are suggested. The summary presented in this review can be consulted to steer new and unique research avenues for layered oxide materials as metal‐ion battery cathodes.
Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with EQE Exceeding 28% through a Synergetic Dual‐Additive Strategy for Defect Passivation and Nanostructure Regulation
Authors: Liu Zhe , Qiu Weidong , Peng Xiaomei , Sun Guanwei , Liu Xinyan , Liu Denghui , Li Zhenchao , He Fangru , Shen Chenyang , Gu Qing , Ma Fulong , Yip Hin‐Lap , Hou Lintao , Qi Zhengjian , Su Shi‐Jian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractQuasi‐2D perovskites have long been considered to have favorable “energy funnel/cascade” structures and excellent optical properties compared with their 3D counterparts. However, most quasi‐2D perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) exhibit high external quantum efficiency (EQE) but unsatisfactory operating stability due to Auger recombination induced by high current density. Herein, a synergetic dual‐additive strategy is adopted to prepare perovskite films with low defect density and high environmental stability by using 18‐crown‐6 and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (MPEG‐MAA) as the additives. The dual additives containing COC bonds can not only effectively reduce the perovskite defects but also destroy the self‐aggregation of organic ligands, inducing the formation of perovskite nanocrystals with quasi‐core/shell structure. After thermal annealing, the MPEG‐MAA with its CC bond can be polymerized to obtain a comb‐like polymer, further protecting the passivated perovskite nanocrystals against water and oxygen. Finally, state‐of‐the‐art green PeLEDs with a normal EQE of 25.2% and a maximum EQE of 28.1% are achieved, and the operating lifetime (T50) of the device in air environment is over ten times increased, providing a novel and effective strategy to make high efficiency and long operating lifetime PeLEDs.
Lattice‐Confined Ir Clusters on Pd Nanosheets with Charge Redistribution for the Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction under Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Zhang Baohua , Zhao Guoqiang , Zhang Bingxing , Xia Lixue , Jiang Yinzhu , Ma Tianyi , Gao Mingxia , Sun Wenping , Pan Hongge 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectrocatalysts with high activity and long‐term stability for the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) under alkaline conditions is still a major challenge for anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Herein, a heterostructured Ir@Pd electrocatalyst with ultrasmall Ir nanoclusters (NCs) epitaxially confined on Pd nanosheets (NSs) for catalyzing the sluggish alkaline HOR is reported. Apparent charge redistribution occurs across the heterointerface, and both experimental and theoretical results suggest that the electrons transfer from Pd to Ir, which consequently greatly weakens the hydrogen binding on Pd. More interestingly, the interfacial epitaxy results in the formation of Ir/IrO2 Janus nanostructures, where the partially oxidized Ir species away from the interface further optimize the hydroxyl adsorption behavior. The unique Ir@Pd heterostructure eventually shows an optimal balance between hydrogen and hydroxyl adsorption, and hence exhibits impressive HOR activity with an exchange current density of up to 7.18 mA cm–2 in 0.1 m KOH solution. In addition, the Ir@Pd electrocatalyst exhibits negligible activity degradation owing to the confinement effect of the unique epitaxial interface.
Recent Aspects in Membrane Separation for Oil/Water Emulsion
Authors: Shalaby Marwa. S. , Sołowski Gaweł , Abbas Wael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOily wastewater is generated by various industries in extraordinary growing volumes, such as oil refineries, petrochemicals, metallurgical, food & beverages, and dairy industries, which need oil removal for safe discharge to the environment. Lower cost of production with high oil removal and efficient performance compared to classical methods for treating oil‐water emulsions attributed to the alleviation of operation. That emphasizes membrane modification to enhance wettability, hydrophilicity with the antifouling property such as membranes dealing with tiny oil emulsions to be the key parameters to improve its performance. These challenges associated with membrane filtration are highlighted to quantify and how to mitigate membrane fouling. This review underlines the current and future status of commercial ultrafiltration membranes. These membranes seem to be the most cost‐effective, applied technology for oil‐water emulsion; moreover, different strategies and pathways for research areas to be covered are discussed.
Fluorescent Hydrogel Producing ZnO for Colorimetric Detection of Glutathione and Cysteine
Authors: Kang Beibei , Tang Huicheng , Gao Min , Sun Tianqi , Zhao Zengdian , Song Shasha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSupramolecular hydrogels, based on non‐covalent interaction, have outstanding properties, but it is still a big challenge to design hydrogels with higher mechanical properties. In this study, hydrogels with adjustable mechanical properties are prepared by mixing 4′‐(4‐n‐butylimidazole)‐p‐benzyl‐2,2′:6′2″‐terpyridine (C4‐Ter) and zinc ions (Zn2+) in water. The hydrogels are composed of fibrous structure and hierarchical porous structure, which depends on Zn2+ concentration. Rheological results demonstrate that the hydrogels exhibit prominent mechanical strength with the elastic modulus (G″) and yield stress (τ*) of 200 000 and 1000 Pa, respectively. X‐ray diffraction and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy measurements reveal that the hydrogels are mainly driven by the π–π stacking, metal coordination and hydrophobic effects, hydrogen bonding, etc. ZnO is produced by using C4‐Ter/Zn2+ hydrogel as the precursor. Due to the higher peroxidase activity, the obtained ZnO can be used for colorimetric detection of glutathione (GSH) and cysteine (Cys) with the lower limit detection of 0.7818 and 1.2088 µmol L−1, respectively. Moreover, the ZnO + 3,3″,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) + H2O2 sensing system shows higher selectivity for GSH and Cys detection. Therefore, a convenient method to prepare ZnO is developed, which should be an environmentally friendly candidate material in the biomedicine and food industry.
Opportunity, necessity, and no one in the middle: A closer look at small, rural, and female‐led entrepreneurship in the United States
Authors: Conroy Tessa , Low Sarah A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFemale entrepreneurs in rural America are rarely studied, despite local economic context likely shaping their (self‐) employment choices. Development literature suggests entrepreneurship is most prevalent at the lowest and highest income levels, creating a U‐shaped relationship between economic development measured with per capita income on the x‐axis and the entrepreneurship rate (startups) on the y‐axis. At the county level in the United States, we find that female‐led startup rates vary with per capita income in the predicted U‐shape. Results provide support for place‐based entrepreneurship policy and highlight challenges women face while trying to contribute to the rural economy.
Defecation disorder and anal function after surgery for lower rectal cancer in elderly patients
Authors: Korai Takahiro , Akizuki Emi , Okita Kenji , Nishidate Toshihiko , Okuya Koichi , Sato Yu , Hamabe Atsushi , Ishii Masayuki , Nobuoka Takayuki , Takemasa Ichiro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimThis study aims to investigate the association of patient age with defecation disorders and anal function after lower rectal cancer surgery.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the data of 141 consecutive patients with lower rectal cancer who underwent sphincter‐preserving operation. The patients were classified into five categories by age thresholds at 65, 70, 75, 80, and 85 years, for disaggregate analysis. Anal manometry was used for measuring the maximum resting pressure, high‐pressure zone, and maximum squeeze pressure. Anal manometry was performed preoperatively and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. The Wexner and low anterior resection syndrome scores were assessed at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after rectal surgery or stoma closure for patients with ileostomy.ResultsThe data of 117 patients were reviewed. No significant differences were found between the younger and elderly groups in any characteristics across the six age groups. The preoperative intra‐anal pressures of the elderly patients were slightly lower than those of the younger patients; however, there was no significant difference in the course of postoperative intra‐anal pressures. Defecation disorder, as measured by the Wexner and low anterior resection syndrome scores, improved significantly in elderly patients compared to younger patients.ConclusionThere was no significant difference in the course of postoperative intra‐anal pressures between the elderly and younger patients. However, defecation disorders in elderly patients significantly improved compared with younger patients. Sphincter‐preserving operation can be a viable treatment option for active elderly patients.
Thermo‐Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity in Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of Amines to Imines over Cu‐Doped MIL‐125‐NH2
Authors: Li Xiangjun , Li Zezhuo , Zhang Kaiyue , Zhao Danfeng , Huang Xiubing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhotocatalytic oxidation of raw organic molecules to value‐added chemicals provides a cost‐effective and sustainable strategy in organic synthesis. In this work, a series of Cu‐doped MIL‐125‐NH2 with narrower band gaps were synthesized by a one‐pot hydrothermal method and used as photocatalysts for thermo‐enhanced aerobic oxidative coupling of amines to imines under visible light irradiation. With optimal doping content, the conversion of benzylamine over MIL‐125‐NH2/Cu2% can reach 100% at 60 °C under visible light irradiation for 8 h using molecule oxygen as oxidant. It is proved that doping MIL‐125‐NH2 with a suitable Cu content can broaden the visible light absorption range, promote the separation of photo‐induced charge carriers and improve the photocatalytic performance. Moreover, the increase of reaction temperature of the photocatalytic system promotes the performance. Free radical capture experiments and ESR tests show that holes and superoxide free radicals are the main active species. Such an excellent photocatalytic performance can be attributed to the strong light absorption and more efficient electron‐hole separation efficiency via the Cu‐doping strategy in MIL‐125‐NH2 catalysts.
Synthesis of in situ immobilized iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4) on microcrystalline cellulose: Ecofriendly and recyclable catalyst for Michael addition
Authors: Kumar Bhupender , Reddy Marri Sameer , Dwivedi Kartikey Dhar , Dahiya Amarjeet , Babu J. Nagendra , Chowhan L. Raju 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMicrocrystalline cellulose‐immobilized Fe3O4magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@MCC) with iron loading 5%–20% are synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The synthesized nanocomposites were studied for their catalytic activity towards Michael addition reaction by employing 1,3‐cyclohexadione/dimedone and styrylisoxazole in an aqueous ethanolic medium. The catalyst with 15% iron loading showed the highest efficiency with an excellent yield. Michael addition reaction is one of the most important reaction for the creation of a carbon–carbon bond and widely used in organic synthesis under mild condition. The prepared catalyst performed well in Michael addition reaction and afforded the product in excellent yield. The products were isolated by simple filtration without use of any chromatographic techniques. The scale‐up experiment on 10‐mmol scale proved the sustainability of the methodology. The catalyst was recycled, and the recovered catalyst data showed no considerable depreciation in catalytic activity even after 5 consecutive cycles. The advantages of this green and safe procedure include a simple reaction set‐up, very mild reaction conditions, high yields, moderate reaction time, recyclable catalyst, and easy separation of the products without use of any tedious separation techniques.
Setting the net lower: A potential low‐cost mitigation method to reduce cetacean bycatch in drift gillnet fisheries
Authors: Kiszka Jeremy J. , Moazzam Muhammad , Boussarie Germain , Shahid Umair , Khan Babar , Nawaz Rab 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Bycatch is the most significant threat to marine megafauna (sea turtles, marine mammals, elasmobranchs, seabirds) worldwide, and the leading cause of the decline of several cetacean species. The bycatch issue in the Indian Ocean is poorly understood, but high bycatch levels in gillnet fisheries have been documented for the past two decades, in both small‐scale and semi‐industrial fisheries. Unfortunately, methods to reduce bycatch are often unavailable, financially non‐viable or socially unacceptable to fishermen.
Using a network of trained boat captains in the tuna drift gillnet fishery in the Arabian Sea, targeted catch and bycatch data were collected from 2013 to 2017 off the coast of Pakistan (northern Indian Ocean). Two fishing methods using multifilament gillnets were used: surface deployment and subsurface deployment (i.e. headline of net set below 2 m depth).
Predicted catch rates for targeted species did not differ significantly between the two fishing practices, although a drop in tuna (6.2%) and tuna‐like (10.9%) species captures was recorded in subsurface sets. The probability of cetacean bycatch, however, was 78.5% lower in subsurface than in surface sets.
Cetacean bycatch in tuna drift gillnet fisheries has the potential to be significantly reduced at a relatively low cost for fishers. However, further research with an appropriate sampling design and a large sample size is required to confirm the efficacy of the proposed mitigation method. The acceptability and adoption of subsurface setting by fishers also needs to be further investigated. Despite some limitations, this preliminary study also highlights the importance of crew‐based observer data as an alternative source of data when observers cannot be deployed on fishing vessels.
Facile one‐step synthesis of Ru doped NiCoP nanoparticles as highly efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Kim Jun , Min Byeong Jo , Kwon Taehyun , Kim Taekyung , Song Ho Chang , Ham Hyung Chul , Baik Hionsuck , Lee Kwangyeol , Kim Jin Young 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTransition metal phosphides (TMPs) as ever‐evolving electrocatalytic materials have attracted increasing attention in water splitting reactions owing to their cost‐effective, highly active and stable catalytic properties. This work presents a facile synthetic route to NiCoP nanoparticles with Ru dopants which function as highly efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. The Ru dopants induced a high content of Ni and Co vacancies in NiCoP nanoparticles, and the more defective Ru doped NiCoP phase than undoped NiCoP ones led to a greater number of catalytically active sites and improved electrical conductivity after undergoing electrochemical activation. The Ru doped NiCoP catalyst exhibited high OER catalytic performance in alkaline media with a low overpotential of 281 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 42.7 mV dec−1.
Multifunctional Pd/MOFs@MOFs Confined Core‐Shell Catalysts with Wrinkled Surface for Selective Catalysis
Authors: Chen Min‐Jie , Chang Gang‐Gang , Chen Li‐Yan , Huang Ke‐Xin , Pu Chun , Li Dan , Yao Yao , Li Jia‐Xin , Yang Xiao‐Yu , Chen Banglin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProcess intensification, targeting the maximization of spatial‐temporal productivity utilizing minimum energy and resources has always been the constant trends especially in chemical industry. In this regard, tandem reactions that are able to perform a multi‐step reaction in a single pot by eliminating costly separation steps have been viewed as a typical paradigm. However, a spatial isolation of varied active sites with a controlled manner in a single catalyst to avoid deactivation and work synergistically is a challenging problem yet sometimes being overlooked. In this work, a spatial base‐metal core‐shell structured catalyst with wrinkled surface was successfully fabricated by a direct homoepitaxial growth method in an acid/water system, which exhibited increased hydrophobicity, exposure of active sites and significantly improved product selectivity towards one‐pot Knoevenagel condensation‐hydrogenation tandem reaction compared with the uncoated catalyst. Meanwhile, the catalytic performance was largely retained and the structural stability was maintained even after successive 8 cycles, which shows great promise for industrial applications.
Catalysis in Single Crystalline Materials: From Discrete Molecules to Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Shi Qiang , Liu Bing , Li Jing , Wang Xuping , Wang Leyong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCatalysis is one of the key techniques for people's modern life. It has created numerous essential chemicals such as biomedicines, agricultural chemicals and unique materials. Heterogeneous catalysis is the new emerging method with reusable catalysts. Among heterogenous catalysis patterns developed so far, single crystalline catalysis has become the promising one owing to its high catalytic density and selectivity resulted by the inherent porosity, orderliness of the lattices and permeability. These crystalline catalysts could be used in various reactions such as photo‐dimerization, Diels‐Alder reaction, CO2 transformation and so on. In this review, we highlighted the reported works about the single crystalline catalysts. Both discrete small molecules and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been used to prepare single crystals for catalysis. For discrete molecules based crystalline catalysts, coordinated and covalent molecules have been used. There were more catalytic modes in crystalline MOF catalysts. Three patterns were identified in this review: single crystalline MOFs i) without catalytic sites, ii) with inherent catalytic features and iii) with introducing catalytic units by post synthetic modification. Based on these examples, this review committed to provide the inspirations for the further design and application of single crystalline materials.
Characteristics, prognosis, risk factors, and management of recently diagnosed ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion
Authors: Li Chunyan , Yang Yilan , Wang Jiangfeng , Jin Kairui , Yang Zhaozhi , Yu Xiaoli , Guo Xiaomao , Chen Xingxing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuctal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCISM) represents ~1% of all breast cancer cases and is arguably a more aggressive subtype of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Lacking studies with a large population, the survival outcomes of DCISM are still poorly understood and the treatment recommendations remain controversial. This study aims to investigate the long‐term outcome of patients with DCISM, potential risk factors for their prognosis, and the difference of survival between patients treated with breast‐conserving surgery plus radiotherapy (BCT + RT) and mastectomy only.MethodsIn total, 1299 patients from 2008 to 2019 with DCISM were retrospectively retrieved. Clinicopathological features were analyzed. Subgroup analysis was conducted between patients who underwent BCT + RT and mastectomy only. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for survival. Differences of survival between two groups were compared using the log‐rank test.ResultsTotally, 1286 patients had follow‐up information, the median follow‐up is 54.57 months, the 5‐year local–regional‐free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) were 98.6%, 97.1%, and 99.4%, respectively, two deaths were due to breast cancer. Multivariate analysis identified age <40 (p = 0.028) and close margin (≤2 mm) as independent negative prognostic factors for LRFS. No prognostic factors were identified for DMFS and OS. The 5‐year LRFS, DMFS, and OS of patients who had DCIS component ≥5 cm and underwent mastectomy without adjuvant radiotherapy were 100%, 98.4%, and 98.4%, respectively. After propensity score matching (PSM), no survival difference was observed between patients treated with BCT + RT or mastectomy only.ConclusionsDCISM patients had a good survival, even those with DCIS component ≥5 cm. Patients aged <40 or with close margin (≤2 mm) had a poorer LRFS, but not DMFS or OS. BCT + RT is a feasible choice for DCISM patients.
The roles, controversies, and combination therapies of autophagy in lung cancer
Authors: Wang Zijian , Zhou Chunyang , Yang Shengjie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLung cancer is one of the leading causes of death among men and women worldwide. The disease initially has a silent phenotype, which leads to the progression of the disease and ultimately the lack of proper response to routine treatments. Autophagy, known as an intracellular “recycle bin” for the degradation of defective proteins and molecules, is one of the mechanisms that has been considered in the context of cancer in recent years. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of published articles on autophagy in the context of lung cancer to have a complete view of the role of autophagy in lung cancer and its possible treatments. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched until June 15 to find related articles. No specific search filters or restrictions were applied. The results were entered into reference management software for aggregation and management. The full text of all articles was screened and studied. In conclusion, studies on the exact function of autophagy in lung cancer are contradictory, but what can be concluded from a review of literature on lung cancer is that targeting autophagy combined with traditional routine therapies such as chemotherapy, especially in advanced stages of lung cancer, can be an effective anticancer approach.