bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paspalum dilatatum (dallisgrass).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Paspalum dilatatum is a perennial grass native to South America that has been introduced into tropical and subtropical areas as a forage species/fodder. It is reported as invasive in Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippines, Hawaii, American Samoa, Australia, Fiji, French Polynesia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Niue, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands and the Minor Outlying Islands. In Hawaii and New Zealand, it forms dense stands that smother and prevent recruitment of native species.
Plumbago auriculata (cape leadwort).
Authors: Ventosa-Febles Eduardo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Plumbago auriculata is an evergreen, climbing shrub native to South Africa that has been introduced in tropical and subtropical climates of Europe, Asia, Africa and the Americas. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental, and is used in traditional medicine and as a source of dye. It has escaped from cultivation and become naturalized outside of its native range. There are no reports of this plant acting as an invasive, but it has been listed as potentially invasive in Cuba.
Rauvolfia caffra (quinine tree).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

R. caffra is a tree native to Africa, where it is commonly used in traditional medicine (PROTA, 2016). This tree species has an attractive appearance and is often planted as an ornamental and shade tree. Until now, R. caffra has been listed as invasive only in Cuba, where it has escaped from cultivation and can be found growing in ruderal areas and abandoned farms (Granda and Fuentes, 1987; Oviedo Prieto et al., 2012). Its high growth rate, wide environmental tolerance, prolific seed production, shade tolerant seedlings, and the attraction of biotic dispersal agents are all factors contributing to the likelihood of this species becoming naturalized and invasive into new habitats. Consequently, this species should be monitored where introduced but not yet regarded as generally invasive.
Sterculia apetala (Panama tree).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Sterculia apetala is a tree native the tropics and subtropics of North, Central and South America, grown as an ornamental and shade tree and cultivated for its timber and edible seeds. It is reported as invasive in Puerto Rico, Cuba and Hawaii. In Hawaii, numerous seedlings and saplings that were originally growing close to pineapple plantations are now slowly spreading into nearby areas. Without seed predation or animal dispersal the seeds fall close to the parental plant, leading to almost pure stands of seedlings and saplings. In Cuba it is regarded as a transformer species, due to its high seed production and high dispersal capacity.
Tabebuia rosea (pink poui).
Authors: Vélez-Gavilán Jeanine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

T. rosea is a tree widely used as an ornamental, due to its beautiful flower display, and cultivated for its wood (Orwa et al., 2009; Useful Tropical Plants, 2016). It has wind dispersed seeds, and rapid germination and seedling growth, all features which can promote its spread and its invasiveness (PROTA, 2016; Useful Tropical Plants, 2016). Takaki and Socolowski (2007) regard the species as having a high invasive potential in Sao Paulo, Brazil, due to its highly successful germination and recruitment under both direct sun and shade conditions. It is currently reported as invasive in Singapore and Hawaii, USA, without further details (PIER, 2016). It has the potential of spreading into other countries as it is cultivated in nurseries for its distribution as an ornamental in the Americas, Europe and Asia. Although not reported by Kairo et al. (2003) as invasive in Trinidad and Tobago, it is listed as an exotic in their work about invasive threats in the Caribbean region.
Dimorphotheca sinuata (Cape marigold).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Dimorphotheca sinuata is a herbaceous species native to Namibia and South Africa that has been widely commercialized as an ornamental for its attractive and colourful flowers. It has escaped cultivation and often can be found naturalized in open and disturbed sites and along road verges. D. sinuata is drought-resistant and thus able to survive in water-stressed habitats such as deserts and dry thickets. It is listed as invasive only in the Dominican Republic but it is also regarded as an emerging environmental weed in Australia and California.
Cissus verticillata (possum grape vine).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Cissus verticillata is a large, climbing species cultivated as an ornamental and medicinal plant around the world. It is native to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. Once established, C. verticillata grows climbing over the top of the canopy and supporting itself by means of coiled tendrils, or scrambling over the ground. It is common to find this species engulfing entire trees. If the plant is cut, the remaining branches and stems can develop aerial roots that will find their way to the ground, regenerating new. C. verticillata is regarded as a weed in areas within and outside its native distribution range. It was reported in the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas in 2003 and may pose a potential weed problem in the citrus groves there and in Florida.
Blighia sapida (akee apple).
Authors: Areces-Berazain Fabiola 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Blighia sapida, commonly known as ackee, is a tree species native to the Guinean forests of West Africa that has been introduced to the Americas, Australia and a small number of countries in Asia and Oceania. It is cultivated as an ornamental and fruit tree despite the arils being deadly poisonous if improperly prepared. It has been reported as naturalized in Jamaica, where has become an important food crop, and in Cuba and Australia although it does not appear to constitute an immediate problem in these countries.
Strengthening effect of laser shock: concave model with and without reflection
Authors: Ge Liangchen , Chen Haotian , Tian Zongjun , Xu Boyuan , Hua Guoran , Cao Yupeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhen a laser shock wave is loaded onto the surface of a concave model, many factors affect the laser shock effect, including loading pressure, curvature, surface wave and reflection of longitudinal wave. It is difficult to clarify the mixed effects of these factors, as such. The reflection of longitudinal wave is the most important factor, and the non-reflective concave model can effectively distinguish the influence of longitudinal wave reflection. In this paper, the concave models with and without reflection are established using the ABAQUS software. The effect of loading pressure, curvature, surface wave, and reflection of longitudinal wave on laser shock processing are analyzed. Curvature changes the incident angle of the laser during processing, so the actual pressure on the material surface changes. The results show that the optimal loading pressure is 2000 MPa/4 J when the curvature is 1/5 and the spot radius is 4 mm. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results, so the simulation results are reliable.
A method for an efficient formation of giant vesicles of neutral phospholipids in microarrays using a microplotter equipment
Authors: Avendaño-Gomez Juan R , Solis-Gonzalez Obed A , González-Martínez Haydee , Vega-Cuellar Miguel A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A methodology which provides a high efficiency of giant vesicle formation was established using the gentle hydration method and a microplotter equipment. The method consists of preparing a mixture of zwitterionic egg yolk phosphatidylcholine/additive in solution and printing a number of droplets onto a glass substrate, which immediately dry after deposition. Then, gentle hydration of these micro-sized thin-films provides a high amount of giant liposomes, per microsized film. Several cases were studied by varying different compounds as additives (i.e., non-electrolytes and electrolytes) at different molar ratios, lipid to additive, in order to find the optimal conditions. Optical and confocal microscopies were employed to characterize vesicle formation. Studies indicate that the kosmotropic salt KH2PO4 at 1:10 molar concentration, EggPC to salt, is the most effective in vesicle production. Abundant liposome formation can be observed in a short time, about 5 min upon hydration. The osmotic pressure is the driven force to produce giant liposomes in our experiments, which is generated by dissolving the additive among two lipid lamellar phases in water. In salt experiments, the osmotic pressure strength is manly determined from the ion-specificity effect (i.e., the Hofmeister effect) rather than the concentration of the salt. The use of a salt as additive provides giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). The microplotter protocol provides benefits such as a facile, efficient and rapid way to prepare GUVs in mild conditions (i.e., free of solvents).
Effects of pulsed magnetic field on density reduction of high flow velocity plasma sheath
Authors: XU Jiahao , LI Xiaoping , LIU Donglin , WANG Yuan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A three-dimensional model is proposed in this paper to study the effect of the pulsed magnetic field on the density distribution of high flow velocity plasma sheath. Taking the typical parameters of plasma sheath at the height of 71 km as an example, the distribution characteristics and time evolution characteristics of plasma density in the flow field under the action of pulsed magnetic field, as well as the effect of self-electric field on the distribution of plasma density, are studied. The simulation results show that pulsed magnetic field can effectively reduce the density of plasma sheath. Meanwhile, the simulation results of three-dimensional plasma density distribution show that the size of the density reduction area is large enough to meet the communication requirements of the Global Position System (GPS) signal. Besides, the location of density reduction area provides a reference for the appropriate location of antenna. The time evolution of plasma density shows that the effective density reduction time can reach 62% of the pulse duration, and the maximum reduction of plasma density can reach 55%. Based on the simulation results, the mechanism of the interaction between pulsed magnetic field and plasma flow field is physically analyzed. Furthermore, the simulation results indicate that the density distributions of electrons and ions are consistent under the action of plasma self-electric field. However, the quasi neutral assumption of plasma in the flow field is not appropriate, because the self-electric field of plasma will weaken the effect of the pulsed magnetic field on the reduction of electron density, which cannot be ignored. The calculation results could provide useful information for the mitigation of communication blackout in hypersonic vehicles.
Integration in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces of Gaussian kernels
Authors: Karvonen Toni , Oates Chris , Girolami Mark 
Published: April 2021

The Gaussian kernel plays a central role in machine learning, uncertainty quantification and scattered data approximation, but has received relatively little attention from a numerical analysis standpoint. The basic problem of finding an algorithm for efficient numerical integration of functions reproduced by Gaussian kernels has not been fully solved. In this article we construct two classes of algorithms that use

N
N

evaluations to integrate

d
d

-variate functions reproduced by Gaussian kernels and prove the exponential or super-algebraic decay of their worst-case errors. In contrast to earlier work, no constraints are placed on the length-scale parameter of the Gaussian kernel. The first class of algorithms is obtained via an appropriate scaling of the classical Gauss–Hermite rules. For these algorithms we derive lower and upper bounds on the worst-case error of the forms

exp
⁡
(
−

c
1

N

1

/

d

)

N

1

/

(
4
d
)

\exp (-c_1 N^{1/d}) N^{1/(4d)}

and

exp
⁡
(
−

c
2

N

1

/

d

)

N

−
1

/

(
4
d
)

\exp (-c_2 N^{1/d}) N^{-1/(4d)}

, respectively, for positive constants

c
1

>

c
2

c_1 > c_2

. The second class of algorithms we construct is more flexible and uses worst-case optimal weights for points that may be taken as a nested sequence. For these algorithms we derive upper bounds of the form

exp
⁡
(
−

c
3

N

1

/

(
2
d
)

)

\exp (-c_3 N^{1/(2d)})

for a positive constant

c
3

c_3

.
Adapting Mizoguchi’s Ugetsu in Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Buried Giant
Authors: Shen Anni 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Ishiguro archive in the Harry Ransom Center in Austin houses Ishiguro’s extensive research on Japanese ghost stories and films from his early film writing, revealing his fascination with Kenji Mizoguchi’s Ugetsu Monogatari and Sansho Dayu. This article explores Kazuo Ishiguro’s references to Ugetsu in The Buried Giant to reflect on the realistic portrayal of ghosts as a way to reveal a suppressed pagan narrative. Using materials from the Ishiguro archive, I argue that Ishiguro borrows tactics from Ugetsu and then incorporates the Japanese Buddhist myth and folklore underlying Sansho Dayu to build a hidden discourse of the dead that subverts the dominant discourse of God, creating an implicit supernatural plot that parallels the novel’s explicit realistic plot and that decentres Britain’s national beliefs.
The Utility of Unsupervised Machine Learning in Anatomic Pathology
Authors: McAlpine Ewen D , Michelow Pamela , Celik Turgay 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Developing accurate supervised machine learning algorithms is hampered by the lack of representative annotated datasets. Most data in anatomic pathology are unlabeled and creating large, annotated datasets is a time consuming and laborious process. Unsupervised learning, which does not require annotated data, possesses the potential to assist with this challenge. This review aims to introduce the concept of unsupervised learning and illustrate how clustering, generative adversarial networks (GANs) and autoencoders have the potential to address the lack of annotated data in anatomic pathology.

Methods
A review of unsupervised learning with examples from the literature was carried out.

Results
Clustering can be used as part of semisupervised learning where labels are propagated from a subset of annotated data points to remaining unlabeled data points in a dataset. GANs may assist by generating large amounts of synthetic data and performing color normalization. Autoencoders allow training of a network on a large, unlabeled dataset and transferring learned representations to a classifier using a smaller, labeled subset (unsupervised pretraining).

Conclusions
Unsupervised machine learning techniques such as clustering, GANs, and autoencoders, used individually or in combination, may help address the lack of annotated data in pathology and improve the process of developing supervised learning models.
The Influence of Abdominal Obesity on Endothelial Function of the Tibial Artery in the Elderly Essential Hypertensives of Different Sex
Authors: Cai Xiao-qi , Huang He-ling , Shen Yi-hua , Zhang Ling-yu , Xu Guo-yan , Xie Liang-di 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
To investigate the relationship between abdominal obesity and endothelial function of the tibial artery in the elderly essential hypertensives of different sex.

Methods
A total of 658 elderly patients (≥60 years old) with essential hypertension and 64 elderly subjects without clinical evidence of hypertension were recruited from the department of geriatrics from August 2000 to May 2016. The dilatation of anterior tibial artery induced by reactive hyperemia was examined by high-resolution vascular ultrasound and was defined as endothelium-dependent dilatation (EDD). All the participants were divided into 4 groups based on blood pressure (≥140/90 mm Hg) and waist circumference (male ≥90 cm, female ≥85 cm): normotensive without abdominal obesity (n = 34), normotensive with abdominal obesity (n = 30), hypertensive without abdominal obesity (n = 287), and hypertensive with abdominal obesity (n = 371).

Results
A gradual decline in EDD was observed from normotensive without abdominal obesity (9.37 ± 1.11%), normotensive with abdominal obesity (8.59 ± 0.99%), hypertensive without abdominal obesity (7.70 ± 0.30%) to hypertensive with abdominal obesity (6.75 ± 0.26%) (P &lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in EDD between the male and female elderly hypertensives with or without abdominal obesity. In male elderly hypertensives, EDD in those with central obesity was more blunted compared with those without central obesity (6.31 ± 0.38% vs. 7.46 ± 0.38%, P &lt; 0.05). Whereas, in female elderly hypertensives, EDD in those with abdominal obesity was similar to those without abdominal obesity. In male elderly hypertensives, EDD was correlated with waist circumference (r = −0.194, P &lt; 0.05) while such association was not shown in females. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that waist circumference was associated with EDD (β = −0.161, P &lt; 0.05) in the male elderly hypertensives, but not in females.

Conclusions
Waist circumference is an influencing factor of EDD in male elderly essential hypertension patients. However, abdominal obesity has little effect on EDD of the tibial artery in female elderly hypertensives.
Bacterial biosilicification: a new insight into the global silicon cycle
Authors: Ikeda Takeshi 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Biosilicification is the process by which organisms incorporate soluble, monomeric silicic acid, Si(OH)4, in the form of polymerized insoluble silica, SiO2. Biosilicifying eukaryotes, including diatoms, siliceous sponges, and higher plants, have been the targets of intense research to study the molecular mechanisms underlying biosilicification. By contrast, prokaryotic biosilicification has been less well studied, partly because the biosilicifying capability of well-known bacteria was not recognized until recently. This review summarizes recent findings on bacterial extracellular and intracellular biosilicification, the latter of which has been demonstrated only recently in bacteria. The topics discussed herein include bacterial (and archaeal) extracellular biosilicification in geothermal environments, encapsulation of Bacillus spores within a silica layer, and silicon accumulation in marine cyanobacteria. The possible contribution of bacterial biosilicification to the global silicon cycle is also discussed.
COMPOUND AUTOSOMES IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER: THE MEIOTIC BEHAVIOR OF COMPOUND THIRDS
Authors: Holm David G , Chovnick Arthur 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Studies of the meiotic distribution of compound-3 chromosomes in males and females of Drosophila melanogaster provided the following results. (1) From females homozygous for the standard arrangement of all chromosomes other than C(3L) and C(3R), less than 5% of the gametes recovered were nullosomic or disomic for compound-3 chromosomes. The frequency of nonsegregation differed between strains, but within a given strain it remained relatively constant. (2) According to egg-hatch frequencies, C(3L) and C(3R) segregate independently during spermatogenesis. (3) In females, structurally heterozygous second chromosomes occasion a marked increase in the recovery of nonsegregational progeny; in males, rearranged seconds have no apparent influence on the distribution of compound thirds. (4) The highest frequencies of nonsegregational progeny were recovered from C(3L);C(3R) females carrying compound-X (plus free Y) chromosomes. (5) In comparing the recovery of nonsegregating compound thirds to the recovery of rearranged heterologs, a definite nonrandom distribution was realized in several crosses. These results are examined in reference to the concepts of distributive pairing (Grell 1962). Moreover, considering the structural nature of compound autosomes, we propose that nonhomologous (distributive) pairing is a property of the centromeric region and suggest that rearrangements involving breaks in this region possibly alter the effectiveness of distributive pairing forces.
ELEMENTS CAUSING MALE CROSSING OVER IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Authors: Slatko Barton E , Hiraizumi Yuichiro 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A second chromosome line of Drosophila melanogaster (Symbol: T-007) has previously been shown to be responsible for the induction of male recombination. In the present investigation, the genetic elements responsible for this phenomenon have been partially identified and mapped. A major element (Symbol: Mr, for M ale recombination) locates on the second chromosome between the pr (2L-54.4) and c (2R-75.5) loci and is responsible for the large majority of male recombination. In addition, there appear to be "secondary elements" present which have the ability to induce male recombination in much reduced frequencies and which are diluted out through successive backcross generations when Mr is removed by recombination. The possible nature of these "secondary elements" is discussed.
DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF GROWTH TRAITS IN MICE
Authors: Jamison M G , White J M , Vinson W E , Hinkelmann K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two replications of a complete diallel cross experiment were performed among four partially inbred lines of mice. These inbred lines originated from a random-bred ICR strain and were produced by 12 generations of full sibbing (F ≃ 92%). Individual body weight was recorded for each animal at 12, 21, 42 and 56 days of age. Body weight gain traits were examined for intervals 12-21, 21-42 and 42-56 days. Simultaneous least squares analyses of inbred and linecrossed groups were used. Sex differences were highly significant for all traits. Replicate differences were significant but made a small contribution to the total variation. Inbred lines differed greatly. Crosses showed growth trends similar to their contemporary maternal and paternal inbreds. Heterosis was highly significant for all traits except 21-day weight. Inbreds were heavier at 12 days of age, but linecrossed progeny were superior to inbreds for all post-weaning weights. General combining ability was highly significant for 12- and 56-day weights and 21-42-day gain. Specific combining ability was highly significant for 21-day weight, 12-21- and 42-56-day gain. Significant maternal effects were found for all individual weights but not for 12-21- and 21-42-day gain. Residual reciprocal effects were significant for all traits. Estimated variances among linecrossed groups contained a large maternal component, a fluctuating additive genetic component and consistent non-additive genetic influence on all growth parameters measured.
INDUCTION AND TRANSMISSION OF A MERODIPLOID CONDITION NEAR THE TERMINAL AREA OF THE CHROMOSOME OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS
Authors: Jamet-Vierny C , Anagnostopoulos C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A small fraction (about 0.5%) of the transformants for a particular marker of B. subtilis (ilvA4; most probably a deletion) were found to be relatively unstable merodiploids. They possess a redundancy of the metB–ilvA chromosome segment. When their DNA is used as donor in transformation a merodiploid condition for the whole of this segment is created in all ilvA4+ transformants. For several of the duplicated loci both copies often are of recipient strain origin. Markers originally belonging to different copies of the diploidized region can be contransferred in PBS1-mediated transduction. The data are well in agreement with the hypothesis that the merodiploids carry a tandem duplication. An alternative hypothesis which does not call for integration of the exogenote within the recipient chromosome was also considered. Models are proposed for interpreting the segregation of the merodiploids, the transmission of the diploid state and its generation during transformation of the ilvA4 marker by wild-type DNA.