bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant in two pediatric patients testing positive for SARS‐CoV‐2: A case report
Authors: Krajewski Jennifer , Chen Jing , Motiani Juhi , Baer Aryeh , Appel Burton , Zakrzewski Johannes , Hankewycz Melanie , Durning Nancy , Gillio Alfred 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic brought challenges to all areas of medicine. In pediatric bone marrow transplant (BMT), one of the biggest challenges was determining how and when to transplant patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 while mitigating the risks of COVID‐related complications.MethodsOur joint adult and pediatric BMT program developed protocols for performing BMT during the pandemic, including guidelines for screening and isolation. For patients who tested positive for SARS‐CoV‐2, the general recommendation was to delay BMT for at least 14 days from the start of infection and until symptoms improved and the patient twice tested negative by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). However, delaying BMT in patients with malignancy increases the risk of relapse.ResultsWe opted to transplant two SARS‐CoV‐2 persistently PCR positive patients with leukemia at high risk of relapse. One patient passed away early post‐BMT of a transplant‐related complication. The other patient is currently in remission and doing well.ConclusionThese cases demonstrate that when the risk associated with delaying BMT is high, it may be reasonable to proceed to transplant in pediatric leukemia patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2.
Telescope Matching for Reducing Model Dependence in the Estimation of the Effects of Time-Varying Treatments: An Application to Negative Advertising
Authors: Blackwell Matthew , Strezhnev Anton 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Time-varying treatments are prevalent in the social sciences. For example, a political campaign might decide to air attack ads against an opponent, but this decision to go negative will impact polling and, thus, future campaign strategy. If an analyst naively applies methods for point exposures to estimate the effect of earlier treatments, this would lead to post-treatment bias. Several existing methods can adjust for this type of time-varying confounding, but they typically rely on strong modelling assumptions. In this paper, we propose a novel two-step matching procedure for estimating the effect of two-period treatments. This method, telescope matching, reduces model dependence without inducing post-treatment bias by using matching with replacement to impute missing counterfactual outcomes. It then employs flexible regression models to correct for bias induced by imperfect matches. We derive the asymptotic properties of the telescope matching estimator and provide a consistent estimator for its variance. We illustrate telescope matching by investigating the effect of negative campaigning in US Senate and gubernatorial elections. Using the method, we uncover a positive effect on turnout of negative ads early in a campaign and a negative effect of early negativity on vote shares.
The challenging journey from trauma to post‐traumatic growth: Lived experiences of facilitating and hindering factors
Authors: Bryngeirsdottir Hulda S. , Halldorsdottir Sigridur 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany people experience psychological trauma during their lifetime, often negatively affecting their mental and physical health. Post‐traumatic growth is a positive psychological change that may occur in an individual after having processed and coped with trauma. This journey, however, has not been studied enough.AimThe purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore people's experience of suffering psychological trauma, the personal effects of the trauma and the transition from trauma to post‐traumatic growth.MethodsA purposeful sample of seven women and five men, aged 34–52, were selected whose backgrounds and history of trauma varied, but who had all experienced post‐traumatic growth. One to two interviews were conducted with each one, in all 14 interviews.ResultsThis study introduces a unique mapping of the challenging journey from trauma to post‐traumatic growth through lived experiences of people who have experienced trauma as well as post‐traumatic growth. Participants had different trauma experience, but their suffering shaped them all as persons and influenced their wellbeing, health and view of life. Participants described post‐traumatic growth as a journey, rather than a destination. There was a prologue to their journey which some described as a hindering factor while others felt it was a good preparation for post‐traumatic growth, i.e. to overcome difficulties at an early age. Participants described six main influencing factors on their post‐traumatic growth, both facilitating and hindering ones. They also described the positive personal changes they had undergone when experiencing post‐traumatic growth even though the epilogue also included heavy days. A new theoretical definition of post‐traumatic growth was constructed from the findings.ConclusionThe results suggest that the journey to post‐traumatic growth includes a recovery process and certain influencing factors that must be considered. This information has implications for professionals treating and supporting people who have suffered traumas.
Comments on the Discussion Forum: Oromucosal immunomodulation as clinical spectrum mitigating factor in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Smith Michael L. , Sharma Sujata , Singh Tej P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe mammalian lactoperoxidase system, consisting of lactoperoxidase and the H2O2‐producing enzyme duox, is our first line of defence against airborne microbes. This system catalyses the production of hypoiodite and hypoiodous acid in the presence of sufficient iodine. These products are highly efficient at destroying the H1N1 virus and the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Japan has not been affected as much as other nations during the COVID‐19 pandemic (death rate about 10% of the United States), and we think this is due to a diet high in iodine. With this in mind, we suggest four actions to prevent SARS‐CoV‐2 infections. First, health professionals should study the preventative effect of increasing iodine in the diets of the aged, institutionalized, diabetics andsmokers. Second, the recommended daily intake (RDI) for iodine should be significantly increased, to at least double, the current RDI. Governments should encourage the use and distribution of cheap iodized salts, kelp and seaweed. Third, more research should be done around the physiology and the protective effects of the lactoperoxidase system. Finally, the degradation products of the SARS‐CoV‐2 viral particle by hypoiodite and hypoiodous acid should be characterized; portions of the damaged particle are likely to elicit stronger immunity and better vaccines.
Dynamic light‐ and acetate‐dependent regulation of the proteome and lysine acetylome of Chlamydomonas
Authors: Füßl Magdalena , König Ann‐Christine , Eirich Jürgen , Hartl Markus , Kleinknecht Laura , Bohne Alexandra‐Viola , Harzen Anne , Kramer Katharina , Leister Dario , Nickelsen Jörg , Finkemeier Iris 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARYThe green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is one of the most studied microorganisms in photosynthesis research and for biofuel production. A detailed understanding of the dynamic regulation of its carbon metabolism is therefore crucial for metabolic engineering. Post‐translational modifications can act as molecular switches for the control of protein function. Acetylation of the ɛ‐amino group of lysine residues is a dynamic modification on proteins across organisms from all kingdoms. Here, we performed mass spectrometry‐based profiling of proteome and lysine acetylome dynamics in Chlamydomonas under varying growth conditions. Chlamydomonas liquid cultures were transferred from mixotrophic (light and acetate as carbon source) to heterotrophic (dark and acetate) or photoautotrophic (light only) growth conditions for 30 h before harvest. In total, 5863 protein groups and 1376 lysine acetylation sites were identified with a false discovery rate of <1%. As a major result of this study, our data show that dynamic changes in the abundance of lysine acetylation on various enzymes involved in photosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and the glyoxylate cycle are dependent on acetate and light. Exemplary determination of acetylation site stoichiometries revealed particularly high occupancy levels on K175 of the large subunit of RuBisCO and K99 and K340 of peroxisomal citrate synthase under heterotrophic conditions. The lysine acetylation stoichiometries correlated with increased activities of cellular citrate synthase and the known inactivation of the Calvin–Benson cycle under heterotrophic conditions. In conclusion, the newly identified dynamic lysine acetylation sites may be of great value for genetic engineering of metabolic pathways in Chlamydomonas.
TEMPERATURE AND IRRADIANCE BASED ANALYSIS THE SPECIFIC VARIATION OF PV MODULE
Authors: Koondhar Mohsin Ali , Channa Irfan Ali , Chandio Sadullah , Jamali Muhammad Ismail , Channa Abdul Sami , Laghari Imtiaz Ali 
Published: October 2021

The effect of irradiance and increase of temperature on the back surface of the PV module would decrease the standardized efficiency of PV. To overcome this problem observed results of solar module (ORSM) and Newton Raphson’s (iterative) methods have been proposed in this research. This article compares ORSM and iterative methods of changing the specifications of a single diode model (SDM) extracted from a PV module beneath standard test conditions (STC) to calculate irradiance and various operating conditions. To make this comparison, the exact value of each diode parameter on the STC is essential. These are achieved by accepted algebraic values and iterative techniques. Newton Raphson’s technique has been proven to be the mainly precise method to find these specifications in STC. Therefore, these specifications are used to different techniques that change the parameters of an SDM with radiation and temperature. The MATLAB model is designed to assess the conducting of individual techniques by PVM. The results are compared with the measured data, and the accuracy of photovoltaic module efficiency has been achieved through different technologies at different temperature and insolation levels.
MAPPING AND POSITIONING SYSTEM ON OMNIDIRECTIONAL ROBOT USING SIMULTANEOUS LOCALIZATION AND MAPPING (SLAM) METHOD BASED ON LIDAR
Authors: Fikri Achmad Akmal , Anifah Lilik 
Published: October 2021

The main problem from autonomous robot for navigation is how the robot able to recognize the surrounding environment and know this position. These problems make this research weakness and become a challenge for further research. Therefore, this research focuses on designing a mapping and positioning system using Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) method which is implemented on an omnidirectional robot using a LiDAR sensor. The proposes of this research are mapping system using the google cartographer algorithm combined with the eulerdometry method, eulerdometry is a combination of odometry and euler orientation from IMU sensor, while the positioning system uses the Adaptive Monte Carlo Localization (AMCL) method combined with the eulerdometry method. Testing is carried out by testing the system five times from each system, besides that testing is also carried out at each stage, testing on each sensor used such as the IMU and LiDAR sensors, and testing on system integration, including the eulerdometry method, mapping system and positioning system. The results on the mapping system showed optimal results, even though there was still noise in the results of the maps created, while the positioning system test got an average RMSE value from each map created of 278.55 mm on the x-axis, 207.37 mm on the y-axis, and 4.28o on the orientation robot.
Two-Dimensional In-Plane Elastic Waves in Curved-Tapered Square Lattice Frame Structure
Authors: Prasad Rajan , Baxy Ajinkya , Banerjee Arnab 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This work proposes a unique configuration of a two-dimensional metamaterial lattice grid comprising curved and tapered beams. The propagation of elastic waves in the structure is analyzed using the dynamic stiffness matrix (DSM) approach and the Floquet–Bloch theorem. The DSM for the unit cell is formulated under the extensional theory of curved beam, considering the effects of shear and rotary inertia. The study considers two types of variable rectangular cross sections, viz. single taper and double taper along the length of the beam. Further, the effect of curvature and taper on the wave propagation is analyzed through the band diagram along the irreducible Brillouin zone. It is shown that a complete band gap, i.e., attenuation band in all the directions of wave propagation, in a homogeneous structure can be tailored with a suitable combination of curvature and taper. Generation of the complete bandgap is hinged upon the coupling of the axial and transverse components of the lattice grid. This coupling emerges due to the presence of the curvature and is further enhanced due to tapering. The double taper cross section is shown to have wider attenuation characteristics than single taper cross sections. Specifically, 83.36% and 63% normalized complete bandwidth is achieved for the double and single taper cross section for a homogeneous metamaterial, respectively. Additional characteristics of the proposed metamaterial in the time and frequency domain of the finite structure, vibration attenuation, wave localization in the equivalent finite structure are also studied.
Optimizing the Process Parameters for Additive Manufacturing of Glass Components by Selective Laser Melting: Soda-Lime Glass Versus Quartz Glass
Authors: Grigoriev S. N. , Khmyrov R. S. , Gridnev M. A. , Tarasova T. V. , Gusarov A. V. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Additive manufacturing by selective laser melting (SLM) is generally applicable to glasses while insufficient resistance of the material to thermal shocks due to local laser heating may result in cracking and a high viscosity of glass melt is responsible for incomplete powder consolidation related to residual porosity. The present work shows that preheating up to 350 °C is sufficient to avoid cracking of soda-lime glass. Preheating of quartz glass up to 730 °C considerably decreases the residual porosity, which is explained by acceleration of powder consolidation by the viscous-flow mechanism of glass particles’ coalescence. Variation of the preheating temperature is an effective tool to control consolidation of glass powder and to avoid cracking.
Human serum metabolomic analysis reveals progression for high blood pressure in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Yin , Zhao Heru , Liu Bin , Shu Haiyang , Zhang Lulu , Bao Mei , Yi Wenjun , Tan Yong , Ji Xinyu , Zhang Chi , Zhao Ning , Pang Guoming , He Dan , Wang Yuexi , Li Li , Yi Jianfeng , Lu Cheng 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most ordinary metabolic disorders and manifests as a high blood sugar level; 80%–90% of patients with T2DM will develop high blood pressure (HBP), which exacerbates irreversible organ damage. Understanding the metabolic basis of HBP is essential to facilitating early diagnosis and prompt treatments of diabetic complications.Research design and methods34 patients who originally had T2DM and then developed HBP within 1 year were selected from physical examination participants. Using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight metabolomic analysis, we compared the metabolomic profile of patients with 30 healthy controls. The results showed a clear discrimination in metabolomic profiles between T2DM and T2DM+HBP when employing orthogonal projection to latent structure with discriminant analysis with electrospray ionization modes.ResultsEight differential metabolites changed significantly during disease progression, among which L-isoleucine, L-glutamic acid, pyroglutamic acid and linoleic acid decreased, while sphinganine, Cer(d18:0/16:0), Cer(d18:0/18:0), and citric acid increased. These metabolites are associated with the γ-glutamyl cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and ceramide metabolism.ConclusionsThese novel serum biomarkers may improve the management of T2DM and HBP complications, thus reducing the use of incorrect medical care.
Integrated real-time imaging system, ‘IRIS’, Kangaroo feeding tube: a guide to placement and image interpretation
Authors: Taylor Stephen , Sayer Kaylee , Milne Danielle , Brown Jules , Zeino Zeino 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundLung complications occur in 0.5% of the millions of blind tube placements. This represents a major health burden. Use of a Kangaroo feeding tubes with an ‘integrated real-time imaging system’ (‘IRIS’ tube) may pre-empt such complications. We aimed to produce a preliminary operator guide to IRIS tube placement and interpretation of position.MethodsIn a single centre, IRIS tubes were prospectively placed in intensive care unit patients. Characteristics of tube placement and visualised anatomy were recorded in each organ to produce a guide.ResultsOf 45 patients having one tube placement, 3 were aborted due to refusal (n=1) or inability to enter the oesophagus (n=2). Of 43 tubes placed beyond 30 cm, 12 (28%) initially entered the respiratory tract but all were withdrawn before reaching the main carina. We identified anatomical markers for the nasal or oral cavity (97.8%), respiratory tract (100%), oesophagus (97.6%), stomach (100%) and intestine (100%). Organ differentiation was possible in 100%: trachea-oesophagus, oesophagus-stomach and stomach-intestine. Gastric tube position was confirmed by aspiration of fluid with a pH<4.0 and/ or X-ray. Trauma was avoided in 13.6% by identifying that the tube remained in the nasal lumen in the presence of a base of skull fracture (n=3) and in the stomach in the presence of recently bleeding polyps or mucosa (n=3). A systematic guide was produced from records of tube placement and interpretation of anatomical images.ConclusionBy permitting real-time confirmation of tube position, direct vision may reduce risk of lung complications. The preliminary operator guide requires validation in larger studies.
Relationship between body composition, exercise capacity and health-related quality of life in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Machado Felipe V C , Bloem Ada E M , Schneeberger Tessa , Jarosch Inga , Gloeckl Rainer , Winterkamp Sandra , Franssen Frits M E , Koczulla Andreas R , Pitta Fabio , Spruit Martijn A , Kenn Klaus 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionBioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can be used to estimate Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI). However, the use of directly measured BIA variables, such as phase angle (PhA), has gained attention. The frequency of low FFMI and PhA and its associations with exercise capacity and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) have been scarcely studied.ObjectivesTo investigate the frequency of low FFMI and PhA and their associations with exercise capacity and HRQL in patients with IPF.MethodsPatients underwent assessment of lung function, body composition, exercise capacity by the 6 min walk distance (6MWD), and HRQL by the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36-item Questionnaire (SF-36). Patients were classified as presenting normal or low PhA or FFMI, accordingly to the 10th percentiles of age-sex-body mass index (BMI)-specific reference values.Results98 patients (84 males, age: 68±8 years, forced vital capacity: 64%±18%predicted) were included. 24 patients presented low PhA. They were characterised by worse lung function, exercise capacity and HRQL compared with patients with normal PhA. 10 patients presented low FFMI, but despite differences in body composition, no differences were found between these patients and patients with normal FFMI. In a single regression analysis, age, lung function and body composition variables (except FFMI) were related to 6MWD and SF-36 Physical Summary Score (R²=0.06–0.36, p<0.05). None of the variables were related to SF-36 Mental Summary Score.ConclusionOne-fourth of the patients with IPF with normal to obese BMI present abnormally low PhA. Patients classified as low PhA presented worse lung function, exercise capacity and HRQL.
Treatment of 137 cases of decompression sickness
Authors: Slark A. G. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe treatment of 137 cases of decompression sickness is reviewed and the various routines used in treatment are compared. Special attention is paid to the recurrence rate after the initial treatment. Some suggestions are put forward for more efficient treatment, using methods other than the traditional stage system of decompression from fixed pressure levels.
Initialization of thermal models in cold and warm permafrost
Authors: Ross Cameron , Siemens Greg , Beddoe Ryley 
Published: October 2021

Equilibrium modelling, also known as spin-up, is a technique for initializing a stable thermal regime in ground temperature models for permafrost regions. The results act as a baseline for subsequent transient analyses of ground temperature response to climate change or infrastructure. In practice, spin-up procedures are often loosely described or neglected, and the criteria by which a stable thermal regime is evaluated are rarely defined or presented explicitly. In this paper, model results show that no single criterion based on thresholds of inter-cycle temperature change can be used to identify a stable thermal regime in all spin-up scenarios. Results from simulations using a wide range of initialization temperatures and conditions show the number of spin-up cycles can range between 10 and 10 000, and a spin-up criterion as fine as 0.00001 °C/cycle is required to achieve a stable thermal regime suitable for deeper warm permafrost models. The implications of selected threshold criteria are examined in follow-up transient analyses and show that warm permafrost models can be highly sensitive to initial temperature profiles based on the criterion used. The results alert scientists and engineers to the importance of initialization on site-specific and regional permafrost models for transient ground temperature analyses.
Impact of gum arabic and cactus mucilage as potential coating substances combined with calcium chloride treatment on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit quality attributes under ambient storage conditions
Authors: Daraghmah Fayez Sati , Qubbaj Tawfiq 
Published: October 2021

The current work investigates the impact of postharvest applications of calcium chloride (CaCl2) in combination with either 10% gum arabic or 50% cactus mucilage on the quality parameters and storability of tomato fruit (Izmir variety), at ambient storage conditions [21 ± 1 °C, relative humidity (RH) 45% ± 2%]. The tomato fruits were dipped in 6% CaCl2 for 10 min and then coated with either 10% gum arabic or 50% cactus mucilage for 3 min. During the time-course of storage, the fruit attributes, such as fresh fruit weight loss, fruit decay, firmness, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), and color development were assessed. The results revealed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) effect of fruit postharvest treatment with 6% CaCl2 for 10 min combined with postharvest coating treatments with either 10% gum arabic or 50% cactus mucilage for 3 min on reducing fruit fresh weight loss, and decay percent of fruits. Fruit firmness, TA, and TSS were preserved compared with untreated fruit. In addition, treated fruits took more time to develop from pink to full red compared with untreated fruit. Hence, coating with natural substances combined with CaCl2 preserved the overall quality parameters and enhanced the shelf life of tomato fruit even after three weeks of storage at ambient temperature.