bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decreased homotopic interhemispheric functional connectivity in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Yao Shuxia , Zhou Menghan , Zhang Yuan , Zhou Feng , Zhang Qianqian , Zhao Zhongbo , Jiang Xi , Xu Xiaolei , Becker Benjamin , Kendrick Keith M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile several functional and structural changes occur in large‐scale brain networks in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), reduced interhemispheric resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) between homotopic regions may be of particular importance as a biomarker. ASD is an early‐onset developmental disorder and neural alterations are often age‐dependent. Although there is some evidence for homotopic interhemispheric rsFC alterations in language processing regions in ASD children, wider analyses using large data sets have not been performed. The present study, therefore, conducted a voxel‐based homotopic interhemispheric rsFC analysis in 146 ASD and 175 typically developing children under‐age 10 and examined associations with symptom severity in the autism brain imaging data exchange data sets. Given the role of corpus callosum (CC) in interhemispheric connectivity and reported CC volume changes in ASD we additionally examined whether there were parallel volumetric changes. Results demonstrated decreased homotopic rsFC in ASD children in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and precuneus of the default mode network, the precentral gyrus of the mirror neuron system, and the caudate of the reward system. Homotopic rsFC of the PCC was associated with symptom severity. Furthermore, although no significant CC volume changes were found in ASD children, there was a significant negative correlation between the anterior CC volumes and homotopic rsFC strengths in the caudate. The present study shows that a reduced pattern of homotopic interhemispheric rsFC in ASD adults/adolescents is already present in children of 5–10 years old and further supports their potential use as a general ASD biomarker.Lay summaryHomotopic interhemispheric functional connectivity plays an important role in synchronizing activity between the two hemispheres and is altered in adults and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In the present study focused on children with ASD, we have observed a similar pattern of decreased homotopic connectivity, suggesting that alterations in homotopic interhemispheric connectivity may occur early in ASD and be a useful general biomarker across ages.
Sanierung des Rheinstegs bei Albbruck mit Carbonbeton
Authors: Bielak Jan , Rempel Sergej , Felber Martin , Durst Hans‐Jörg , Will Norbert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDer 200 m lange Rheinsteg der Rheinkraftwerk Albbruck‐Dogern AG (RADAG) bei Albbruck ermöglicht seit 1934 Fußgängern und Radfahrern die Querung des Hochrheins. Wegen starker Korrosionsschäden musste der Überbau grundlegend saniert werden. Mit dem Ersatz der historischen Eisenbetonplatte durch eine 7 cm dünne Carbonbetonplatte konnten das Eigengewicht beibehalten und das Stahlhaupttragwerk sowie alle Unterbauten inklusive der vier Pfeiler im Rhein weiter genutzt werden. Dies sparte gegenüber einem Ersatzneubau Kosten und Zeit. Obwohl keine Verbundwirkung der Carbonbetonplatte mit den Hauptträgern angesetzt wurde, sollte die Lauffläche in Ortbetonbauweise ausgeführt und kraftschlüssig angeschlossen werden, um die Globalsteifigkeit und das Schwingungsverhalten der Brücke zu erhalten. Die hieraus resultierenden Zwangskräfte aus Schwinden und Differenztemperatur mussten bei der Bemessung der Carbonbetonplatte als Zugnormalspannungen bis hin zur vollständigen Trennrissbildung berücksichtigt werden. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über das Gesamtprojekt, erläutert die Untersuchungen zur Zugnormalkraft‐Querkraft‐Interaktion an Carbonbeton und thematisiert die Herausforderungen des Einsatzes von Carbonbewehrung in Ortbetonbauweise.
Carotid web prevalence in a large hospital‐based cohort and its association with ischemic stroke
Authors: Mei Janet , Chen Duan , Esenwa Charles , Gold Menachem , Burns Judah , Zampolin Richard , Slasky Shira E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCarotid artery webs are shelf‐like protrusions of intimal fibrous tissue arising from the posterior wall of the carotid bulb, found to have a 2.3% prevalence in the United States. Previous studies have demonstrated its association with ipsilateral anterior circulation stroke. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of carotid webs in the largest US epidemiologic study to date, and to further characterize the clinical features of carotid web patients. We assembled a cohort of 1467 adult patients with CT angiogram neck from January 1, 2011 to January 1, 2017. CT angiograms were reviewed for diagnosis of carotid web. Demographic and clinical details of web patients were obtained. Differences in demographics and CT angiogram indication between patients with and without carotid web were assessed using appropriate statistical tests. Twenty‐four (24/1467 = 1.6%) carotid web patients were identified (mean age: 63 years; 62.5% female; 50% African American). Twelve (12/24 = 50%) had ipsilateral anterior circulation stroke. Of them, 8 were deemed cryptogenic. Four (4/24 = 16.7%) web patients had at least one recurrent stroke in the ipsilateral anterior circulation. One case was reported on the radiology report at the time the study was initially performed. This study confirms a prevalence of 1.6% in our urban, North American cohort. Among carotid web patients, there was a high incidence of ipsilateral anterior circulation stroke, the majority of which were classified as cryptogenic. This study affirms the importance of the diagnosis of carotid web, especially in cryptogenic stroke patients, as a potential unrecognized stroke risk factor.
Electrochemically Driven Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Mediated by Mono‐Reduced Mo‐Diimine Tetracarbonyl Complexes: Electrochemical, Spectroelectrochemical and Theoretical Studies
Authors: Garcia Bellido Carlos , Álvarez‐Miguel Lucía , Miguel Daniel , Lalaoui Noémie , Cabon Nolwenn , Gloaguen Frédéric , Le Poul Nicolas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe activation of carbon dioxide by three different Mo‐diimine complexes [Mo(CO)4(L)] (L=bipyridine (bpy), 1,10‐phenantroline (phen) or pyridylindolizine (py‐indz)) has been investigated by electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry. Under an inert atmosphere, monoreduction of the complexes is ligand‐centered and leads to tetracarbonyl [Mo(CO)4(L)].− species, whereas double reduction induces CO release. Under CO2, [Mo(CO)4(L)] complexes undergo unexpected coupled chemical‐electrochemical reactions at the first reduction step, leading to the formation of reduced CO2 derivatives. The experimental results obtained from IR, NIR and UV‐Vis spectroelectrochemistry, as well as DFT calculations, demonstrate an electron‐transfer reaction whose rate is ligand‐dependent.
Modulating Crystallinity and Miscibility via Side‐chain Variation Enable High Performance All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yang , Fan Qunping , Wang Yulong , Fang Jin , Liu Qi , Zhu Lei , Qiu Jinjing , Guo Xia , Liu Feng , Su Wenyan , Zhang Maojie 
Published: April 2021

Main observation and conclusionSide‐chain engineering as one of the most important molecular design strategies has been widely used to improve photovoltaic efficiency of active layer materials. Herein, a series of acceptor‐π‐donor‐π‐acceptor typed small molecule (SM)‐donors (SL1, SL2, SL3, and SL4), on the basis of high‐performance SM‐donor BTTzR (SL1) with thiazolo[5,4‐d]thiazole as the π‐bridging units and 3‐butylrhodanine as the terminal electron‐withdrawing groups, were designed and synthesized to study the effect of the side‐chain substitutions of BDT‐T on the photovoltaic performance. The investigation shows that the side‐chain engineering has no obvious effect on the molecular absorption spectrum and energy levels but significantly influences on the molecular orientation and packing, and the compatibility with the acceptor Y6. Among these SM‐donors neat films, SL1 and SL3 with two mixed branched and straight alkyl chains exhibit stronger crystallization in the face‐on direction, and SL4 with two shorter alkyl chains achieves more compact packing. In the Y6‐based blend films, three SM‐donors (SL1, SL3, and SL4) with double alkyl chains on thienyl of BDT‐T have much better compatibility compared to SL2 with single long alkyl chain, while their compatibility increases with the increase of alkyl chain length. The stronger crystallization, moderate molecular packing, and better blend compatibility of SL1 offer higher Jsc of 23.2 mA·cm–2 and fill factor (FF) of 0.68 in the Y6‐based all‐small‐molecule organic solar cells (all‐SM‐OSCs). Ultimately, the SL1:Y6‐based devices achieved a promising power conversion efficiency of 13.9%, which is much higher than that of 11.5% from the SL2:Y6‐based devices (Jsc = 21.5 mA·cm–2 and FF = 0.60). This work indicates that modulating the side chain of SM‐donors is a promising strategy to obtain efficient all‐SM‐OSCs.
Increased in vitro Anti‐HIV Activity of Caffeinium‐Functionalized Polyoxometalates
Authors: Enderle Ana G. , Bosso Matteo , Groß Rüdiger , Heiland Magdalena , Bollini Mariela , Culzoni María J. , Kirchhoff Frank , Münch Jan , Streb Carsten 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolyoxometalates (POMs), molecular metal oxide anions, are inorganic clusters with promising antiviral activity. Herein we report increased anti‐HIV‐1 activity of a POM when electrostatically combined with organic counter‐cations. To this end, Keggin‐type cerium tungstate POMs have been combined with organic methyl‐caffeinium (Caf) cations, and their cytotoxicity, antiviral activity and mode of action have been studied. The novel compound, Caf4K[β2‐CeSiW11O39]×H2O, exhibits sub‐nanomolar antiviral activity and inhibits HIV‐1 infectivity by acting on an early step of the viral infection cycle. This work demonstrates that combination of POM anions and organic bioactive cations can be a powerful new strategy to increase antiviral activity of these inorganic compounds.
Effect of Viscosity on Microswimmers: A Comparative Study
Authors: Nsamela Audrey , Sharan Priyanka , Garcia‐Zintzun Aidee , Heckel Sandra , Chattopadhyay Purnesh , Wang Linlin , Wittmann Martin , Gemming Thomas , Saenz James , Simmchen Juliane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAlthough many biological fluids like blood and mucus exhibit high viscosities, there are still many open questions concerning the swimming behavior of microswimmers in highly viscous media, limiting research to idealized laboratory conditions instead of application‐oriented scenarios. Here, we analyze the effect of viscosity on the swimming speed and motion pattern of four kinds of microswimmers of different sizes which move by contrasting propulsion mechanisms: two biological swimmers (bovine sperm cells andBacillus subtilisbacteria) which move by different bending patterns of their flagella and two artificial swimmers with catalytic propulsion mechanisms (alginate microtubes and Janus Pt@SiO2spherical microparticles). Experiments consider two different media (glycerol and methylcellulose) with increasing viscosity, but also the impact of surface tension, catalyst activity and diffusion coefficients are discussed and evaluated.
A novel approach for nature‐based optimization algorithms: The threat factor approach
Authors: Toz Metin , Toz Güliz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNature‐inspired optimization algorithms especially those based on the hunting behaviors of the creatures assume that the hunting operations are performed in a safe environment. However, generally, there are threats in real‐life for the hunter‐animals. This paper focuses on these threat factors and proposes that they can be used to improve the searching abilities of the algorithms. Gray wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm was selected to present the proposed approach and it was assumed that there was a mountain lion as the threat factor living in the same habitat with the wolf pack. The relations between the two predators were modeled and used to improve the performance of the algorithm. Five experiments were conducted to test the performance of the proposed method and the results were compared with the GWO and four optimization algorithms from the literature. It is shown that the proposed algorithm obtained best results for 21 of the 50 benchmark functions, while its closest competitor achieved the best results for 16 functions. Besides, the results of the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test indicated that the proposed method is superior to all other methods. In addition, it was shown that the threat factor approach does not cause a significant increase in the processing time.
Locus of control, personality and depression symptoms in cancer: Testing a moderated mediation model
Authors: Lima Manuela Polidoro , Moret‐Tatay Carmen , Irigaray Tatiana Quarti 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the mediator role of locus of control on the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and the manifestation of depression symptoms in cancer outpatients.MethodParticipants consisted of 220 cancer outpatients (138 women and 82 men), evaluated individually at the hospital waiting room. The measures applied were as follows: The NEO‐Five Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).ResultsThe factor structure of NEO‐FFI was reexamined. A moderated mediation model was found for the powerful others external locus of control (LOC), depression symptoms and extraversion and conscientiousness traits across sex.ConclusionsExtraverted individuals can seek for others' support and use their attachments to find someone to guide them; conscientious patients can rely on their physician and follow every rule and orientation demanded, temporarily delegating to others the responsibility for their lives. All these strategies can help to decrease symptoms of depression. The perception of control can be taught, and it may be specifically relevant for mental health and in the performance of health behaviours.
Photophysical Properties of Indocyanine Green in the Shortwave Infrared Region
Authors: Cosco Emily D. , Lim Irene , Sletten Ellen M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the growing development of new contrast agents for optical imaging using near‐infrared and shortwave infrared (SWIR) wavelengths, it is essential to have consistent benchmarks for emitters in these regions. Indocyanine green (ICG), a ubiquitous and FDA‐approved organic dye and optical imaging agent, is commonly employed as a standard for photophysical properties and biological performance for imaging experiments at these wavelengths. Yet, its reported photophysical properties across organic and aqueous solvents vary greatly in the literature, which hinders its ability to be used as a consistent benchmark. Herein, we measure photophysical properties in organic and aqueous solvents using InGaAs detection (∼950–1,700 nm), providing particular relevance for SWIR imaging.
Classical and genomic prediction of synthetic open‐pollinated sweet corn performance in organic environments
Authors: Zystro Jared , Peters Tessa , Miller Kathleen , Tracy William F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOpen‐pollinated cultivars provide a number of benefits for organic and smallholder farmers, allowing them to save seed, conduct on‐farm selection, and maintain on‐farm crop genetic diversity. Synthetic open‐pollinated cultivars provide advantages over traditional open‐pollinated cultivars for such farmers. The objective of this research was to determine the usefulness of marker‐based prediction models relative to structured mating design‐based predictions for selecting untested sweet corn synthetic cultivars for organic production systems. This study used marker data and phenotypic data collected in 2015 and 2016 in 11 organic trials across six locations on 40 sweet corn (Zea mays L.) inbreds and 100 hybrid progeny formed from four disconnected North Carolina Design II (NC DII) mating blocks to predict performance of untested synthetic open‐pollinated sweet corn populations. In 2017, validation trials of 26 previously untested synthetic populations were grown in five organic environments to assess correlations between actual performance and performance predicted by genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) or NC DII general combining abilities (GCAs). Correlations between values measured in 2017 validation trials and values predicted from the complete dataset ranged from 0.28 to 0.68 for GCA‐based predictions, from 0.25 to 0.67 for the additive GBLUP model, and from 0.28 to 0.68 for the additive plus dominance GBLUP model. In general, neither the genomic prediction model with solely additive effects nor genomic prediction with both additive and dominance effects demonstrated consistent increases in accuracy of predictions of synthetic population performance above predictions based solely on general combining ability. However, genomic prediction could be used to predict synthetic populations that shared alleles with the training set, even if the parents were never included in the training set, which is not possible with traditional general combining ability models.
Gallium‐Doping Effects on Structure, Lithium‐Conduction, and Thermochemical Stability of Li7‐3xGaxLa3Zr2O12 Garnet‐Type Electrolytes
Authors: Birkner Nancy , Li Changlong , Estes Shanna L. , Brinkman Kyle S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractOne of the most promising electrolytes for all‐solid‐state lithium batteries is Li7La3Zr2O12. Previously, their thermodynamic stability, Li‐ion conductivity, and structural features induced by Ga‐doping have not been empirically determined or correlated. Here, their interplay was examined for Li7−3xGaxLa3Zr2O12 with target xGa=0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 atoms per formula unit (apfu). Formation enthalpies, obtained with calorimetry and found to be exothermic at all compositions, linearly decreased in stability with increased xGa. At dilute xGa substitution, the formation enthalpy curve shifted stepwise endothermically, and the conductivity increased to a maximum, coinciding with 0.529 Ga apfu. This correlated with percolation threshold analysis (0.558 Ga apfu). Further substitution (0.787 Ga apfu) produced a large decrease in the stability and conductivity due to a large increase in point defects and blocked Li‐migration pathways. At xGa=1.140 apfu, a small exothermic shift was related to defect cluster organization extending the Li hopping distance and decreased Li‐ion conductivity.
One‐Step Reductive Amination of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5‐Bis(aminomethyl)furan over Raney Ni
Authors: Wei Zuojun , Cheng Yuran , Zhou Kuo , Zeng Yue , Yao En , Li Qing , Liu Yingxin , Sun Yong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSimultaneous reductive amination of C=O and C−OH in 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into C−NH2 in 2,5‐bis(aminomethyl)furan (BAMF) is challenging. In this work, reductive amination of C=O in HMF was firstly studied, in which HMF can be converted into 5‐hydroxymethyl furfurylamine (HMFA) with a 99.5 % yield over Raney Co catalyst. BAMF was then directly synthesized with 82.3 % yield from HMF over Raney Ni catalyst at 160 °C for 12 h. An even higher yield of 88.3 % could be obtained through a stepwise reductive amination process, in which the reaction started at 120 °C for the first 2 h over Raney Co mainly for amination of C=O and then continued at 160 °C for another 10 h over Raney Ni mainly for amination of C−OH. Under optimized reaction conditions, the catalyst could be reused four times without obvious loss in catalytic performance. XRD and XPS characterization of the reused catalyst indicated that the formation of Ni3N and the adsorption of alkyl amines could be the main reasons for the deactivation of the catalyst. Moreover, plausible reaction pathways were proposed to originate the detected by‐products according to the kinetic profiles.
High‐dose spironolactone lacks effectiveness in treatment of fibromyalgia (RCT)
Authors: Böhm Ruwen , Westermann Paul , Gleim Martin , Cascorbi Ingolf , Gruenewald Matthias , Herdegen Thomas , Ohnesorge Henning 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpironolactone (SPL) is a reversible mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and androgen receptor (AR) antagonist which attracts pharmacotherapeutic interest not only because of its beneficial effects in heart failure but also because of the pathogenetic roles of MR and AR activities in neuropsychiatric diseases. Recently, beneficial and rapid‐onset effects of SPL have been documented in a case series of women with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). To reaffirm this observation, we performed a double‐blind placebo‐controlled randomized clinical trial (RCT).MethodsA total of 69 patients were screened, 56 patients were eligible and randomized to SPL or placebo (each n = 28). Forty‐three patients completed the clinical trial to the last visit (n = 21 and n = 22). After a run‐in phase of 50 and 100 mg/day, 200 mg/day SPL or placebo were applied between days 7 and 28. Primary outcome was the change in the FIQ‐G score (Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, German version). Secondary outcome parameters were the changes in pain (numeric rating scale, NRS), mood (ADS), quality of life (SF‐36) and change in FIQ scores 14 days after the end of the medication.ResultsSPL of 200 mg/day did not change significantly either the primary or the secondary end points. SPL evoked a transient rise in serum potassium and a transient fall in GFR maximal after 2 weeks, but without clinical relevance.ConclusionsSPL at 200 mg/day does not improve symptoms in women with FMS, but was considered not to cause harm.SignificanceThe mineralocorticoid receptor and androgen receptor antagonist spironolactone is repeatedly tested for its therapeutic effectivity against neuropsychiatric disorders. The present RCT demonstrated that 200 mg spironolactone does not change the symptoms of the fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) in adult women. Between 2 and 4 weeks, spironolactone evokes a transient decrease in GFR and increase in serum potassium. Spironolactone cannot be recommended for the treatment of FMS.