bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycerol promoted the anaerobic production of rhamnolipids by different Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains
Authors: Zhao Feng , Zheng Mengyao , Cui Qingfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Rhamnolipids is the most widely studied and applied biosurfactants. The anaerobic biosynthesis of rhamnolipids has important research and practical significance, such as meeting the in situ production of biosurfactant in anoxic environments and the foamless fermentation of biosurfactants. A few studies have reported the anaerobic biosynthesis of rhamnolipids from rare Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. What did promote the anaerobic biosynthesis of rhamnolipids, the specificity of the rare strains or the effect of specific substrates? Here, anaerobic production of rhamnolipids by different P. aeruginosa strains was investigated using diverse substrates. The anaerobic biosynthesis mechanism of rhamnolipids were also discussed from the substrate point of view.Results: All P. aeruginosa strains anaerobically grew well using the tested substrates. But all P. aeruginosa strains anaerobically produced rhamnolipids only using substrates containing glycerol and nitrate. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra analysis confirmed the anaerobic production of rhamnolipids from all P. aeruginosa strains. All the anaerobically produced rhamnolipids decreased air-water surface tension from 72.6 mN/m to below 29.0 mN/m and emulsified crude oil with EI24 above 65%. Using crude glycerol as low-cost substrate, all P. aeruginosa strains can anaerobically grow and produce rhamnolipids to reduce the culture surface tension below 35 mN/m. The glycerol metabolic intermediate, 1, 2-propylene glycol, can also achieve the anaerobic production of rhamnolipids by all P. aeruginosa strains.Conclusions: Not the specificity of the rare P. aeruginosa strains but the effect of specific substrates promote the anaerobic biosynthesis of rhamnolipids by P. aeruginosa. Glycerol and nitrate are the excellent substrates for anaerobic production of rhamnolipids from all P. aeruginosa strains. Results indicated that glycerol metabolism involveed the anaerobic biosynthesis of rhamnolipids in P. aeruginosa. Results also showed the feasibility of using crude glycerol as low cost substrate to anaerobically biosynthesize rhamnolipids by P. aeruginosa.
The 1958-62 Chinese Famine and Its Impact on Ethnic Minorities
Authors: Bianco Lucien 
Published: April 2021

China underwent its most murderous famine between 1958 and 1962. Although a demographic transition from the countryside to the cities was in its early stage and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was among the lowest in the world, objective conditions were far less decisive than Chinese Communist Party (CCP) policies in bringing about the famine. A development strategy copied on the Soviet model favoured quick industrialization at the expense of rural dwellers. Such novelties as people’s communes, communal canteens, and backyard furnaces further aggravated the famine. Though ethnic minorities represented only 6 percent of China’s population, compared to forty-seven percent in the Soviet Union, Soviet nationality policies heavily influenced those of China. Initially mild, especially for Tibetans, Chinese nationality policies became more authoritarian with the advent of the Great Leap Forward in 1958. Qinghai Tibetans resisted the closure of many monasteries; then the same policies, and famine itself, caused a more important rebellion in 1959 in Xizang (Tibet). Repression and the flight of the Dalai Lama to northern India coincided with the end of Tibet’s special status in China.
Internal colonialism did not, however, aggravate the impact of famine on national minorities in China. Their rate of population growth between the first two censuses (1953 and 1982) exceeded that of Han Chinese. Among the provinces most severely affected by famine, only Qinghai was largely inhabited by ethnic minorities. Within Qinghai the same pattern prevailed as in Han populated provinces: the highest toll in famine deaths was concentrated in easily accessible grain surplus areas. The overwhelming majority of victims of the Chinese famine were Han peasants. At most, 5 percent were members of ethnic minorities, compared to eighty percent of victims in the Soviet Union in the period between 1930 and 1933.
Assessing watershed hydrological response to climate change based on signature indices
Authors: Fatehifar Atiyeh , Goodarzi Mohammad Reza , Montazeri Hedesh Seyedeh Sima , Siahvashi Dastjerdi Parnian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Due to the fact that one of the important ways of describing the performance of basins is to use the hydrological signatures, the present study investigates the effects of climate change using the hydrological signatures in Azarshahr Chay basin, Iran. To this end, the Canadian Earth system model (CanESM2) is first used to predict future climate change (2030–2059) under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). Six signature indices were extracted from flow duration curve (FDC) as follows: runoff ratio (RR), high-segment volume (FHV), low-segment volume (FLV), mid-segment slope (FMS), mid-range flow (FMM), and maximum peak discharge (DiffMaxPeak). These signature indices act as sorts of fingerprints representing differences in the hydrological behavior of the basin. The results indicate that the most significant changes in the future hydrological response are related to the FHV and FLV and FMS indices. The BiasFHV index indicates an increase in high discharge rates under the RCP8.5 scenario, compared to the baseline period, and also the RCP2.6 scenario. The mean annual discharge rate, however, is lower than the discharge rate under this scenario. Generally, for the RCP8.5 scenario, the changes in the signature indices in both high discharges and low discharges are significant.
Withdrawal Notice: Obesity: A template to trigger metabolic syndromes and carcinoma. Metformin: A drug target
Authors: Chandra Nimai Chand 
Published: April 2021

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors and editor of the journal <b>“Current Drug Targets”</b> due to incoherent content.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

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It is a condition of publishers that manuscripts submitted to this journal should not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. Furthermore, any data, illustration, structure or table that has been published elsewhere must be reported, and copyright permission for reproduction must be obtained. Plagiarism is strictly forbidden, and while submit- ting the article for publication, the authors agree that the publishers have the legal right to take appropriate action against the authors, if plagiarism or fabricated information is discovered. By submitting a manuscript the authors agree that the copyright of their article is transferred to the publishers, if and when the article is accepted for publication.
Diagnosing the most important demographic factors affecting the adoption of school self-evaluation criteria: From the point of view of a sample of teaching and administrative staff in a number of public schools in the city of Kirkuk
Authors: Amin Yousif Obed 
Published: April 2021

The research aims to diagnose the most important demographic variables for the teaching staff that contribute significantly to the adoption of self-evaluation standards for educational institutions in the Iraqi ministry of education. The intellectual and field principles of the current research were based on a new philosophical perspective that simulates the contents of the personal characteristics of the teaching staff and embodies the possibility of adopting them in improving the quality of the educational process. The research was conducted in a number of public schools in the city of Kirkuk / Iraq by depending on the opinions survey of a sample of teachers and administrators in the schools surveyed in the city of Kirkuk. Regarding the research population and sample the research population consists of teaching staff in primary schools in the city of Kirkuk, and then selecting a random sample of 100 respondents from the teaching staff in primary schools affiliated to the Kirkuk education directorate.
A hypothetical scheme was formulated that reflects the consensual relationships between the study dimensions, namely demographic variables as an independent variable (explanatory) and self-evaluation criteria as a followed variable (dependent) thus resulting the main hypothesis which is the null hypothesis that; demographic factors do not affect the adoption of self-evaluation criteria in the researched organizations. It was tested using a number of statistical methods by using the SPSS program, such as a t-test which was conducted, as well as one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with the aim of explaining the extracted factors as expressing the reality and nature of the relationship between the research variables. The research has concluded that there is no significant effect for sex, educational qualification, experience, academic achievement, and training courses on cognitive performance; skills, values, and trends except for age groups that have impacts on performance dimensions. Based on this, some proposals were indicated, the most important of which are: The school administrations (the research sample) should reconsider the reasons that lead to not benefiting from years of experience and training courses in the areas of improving performance, and then put in place mechanisms that ensure that the gained experience and the courses are more influential in performance.
The role of using the method of managing by objectives On the effectiveness of organizations
Authors: Rostam Kawa Muhammad , Hama Salah Atta Adam 
Published: April 2021

This research aims to identify the role of management method by goals in the effectiveness of organizations, including universities in the city of Sulaymaniyah from the point of view of administrative leaders, and the research community was in the Faculties of Administration and Economics at the Sulaymaniyah University and Human Development and the College of Administrative Technology at Sulaymaniyah Technical University for the academic year 2019-2020, and used The two researchers were an intentional sample, and they used the questionnaire as a tool to collect data. The hypotheses were tested using simple and multiple linear regression, and the correlation coefficient of the Pearson method, and the research concluded with a number of results, the most important of which are: The administration with objectives helps in the optimal utilization of available material and human resources. The two researchers presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: The appropriate climate should be created to implement the method of management by objectives and provide the necessary.
Key word: Management by objectives, Effectiveness of organizations
New locations of volcano-tectonic earthquakes under Popocatépetl Volcano applying a Genetic Search Algorithm
Authors: Berger P. , Nava Pichardo F. A. , Valdés González C. , Martínez Bringas A. 
Published: April 2021

En los inicios de los años noventa, después de ~70 años de quietud, la actividad sísmica bajo el Volcán Popocatépetl en el centro de México se reactivo, comenzando un período de alta actividad volcánica. Esta actividad continúa hasta la fecha y ha provocado emisiones importantes de gases volcánicos, así como formación de domos y erupciones moderadas. Hemos aplicado un algoritmo genético de búsqueda, para ajustar las diferencias de los tiempos de arribo de cada sismo individualmente, para obtener relocalizaciones de alta precisión (~200 m) para 405 sismos volcano-tectónicos (VT) de un grupo inicial de 968 eventos registrados por una red local de 1995 a 2006. Comparamos los resultados de la relocalización con los obtenidos aplicando el método de dobles diferencias. El objetivo de este trabajo es el de caracterizar la sismicidad, determinar parámetros hipocentrales y explorar fuentes sísmicas. Los resultados del presente análisis mejoran la determinación de la distribución de la actividad sísmica, permitiendo observar características que ocultaba la dispersión en las localizaciones. La agrupación difusa de eventos, asociada con una falla previamente identificada en el SE, aparece ahora como un sistema de fallas que consiste de al menos una falla con rumbo NWSE, atravesada por otra falla con rumbo NE-SW. Se encontró que la ocurrencia de sismos ha variado localmente con el tiempo. Algunas alineaciones de eventos coinciden con fallas previamente identificadas. Otras agrupaciones lineales de eventos sugieren fallas ocultas reactivadas por actividad volcánica, como intrusiones de diques, o degasificación de un cuerpo magmático bajo el Volcán Popocatépetl.
Impact of engineering foundations on Colombian entrepreneurship
Authors: Castro-Silva Hugo Fernando , Rodríguez-Fonseca Fernando , Martínez-Chaparro Yamith Alfonso 
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the results of an empirical investigation related to the personal factors that influence the disposition of Colombian engineers towards undertakings in their training area. To fulfill this purpose, a quantitative and correlational investigation has been implemented with a methodology similar to the related studies in other geographical areas such as Europe and Asia. Through a factorial analysis, the efficiency of the information collection instrument could be compared to measure key issues of the study such as the willingness to entrepreneurship, leadership, creativity, the willingness to perform professionally as an employee, creativity and intelligence. A confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the adjustment of the variable measurement model and correlation models and structural equations were used to examine the relationships between the variables. The empirical evidences of this investigation allow to affirm that for the population object of study that there is a significant correlation between entrepreneurial spirit and factors related to the personality of the engineer, but not with creativity and intelligence.
Study of the influence of material properties in the energy conversion process of thermoelectric generators for waste heat recovery applications
Authors: Medina-Delgado Byron , Valencia-Ochoa Guillermo , Duarte-Forero Jorge 
Published: April 2021

The present study analyzed the effect of material properties in the energy conversion process of Thermoelectric Generators (TEGs). For the development of the study, two materials whose properties vary with respect to temperature (Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 and Cu11NiSb4S13) and a material with constant properties (Bi2Te3) were analyzed. Through numerical simulation processes, each material was subjected to different temperature differences to monitor the effect on the electrical output power, heat flux, and energy conversion efficiency. The results showed that neglecting the temperature dependence produces higher or lower performance estimations depending on the temperature levels experienced by the TEG. Overall, the material Bi2Te3 displayed 35% more electrical power output and conversion efficiency compared to the Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 material. Therefore, considering the variability of thermoelectric materials demonstrated to be essential to obtain realistic process performance. Also, the heat flux produced by the Fourier effect presents the most significant impact on the electrical power generation of the TEG. Among materials with variable properties, the Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 increases the conversion efficiency up to 25% compared to the Cu11NiSb4S13. In conclusion, the study of material properties using numerical simulations emerged as a robust and practical tool to evaluate TEG performance.
Situación económica de los hogares en la comuna 10 ciudad de Cúcuta, por pandemia Covid 19
Authors: Vega-Gelvez Kimberly Smith , Cordero- Díaz Marling Carolina 
Published: April 2021

La situación actual del mundo entero es crítica debido a la pandemia del covid19 que se está enfrentando ya que representa una amenaza en el ámbito económico, laboral y social, donde se ha visto afectada la producción y consumo en el mundo empresarial que ha provocado la quiebra de pequeñas y medianas empresas. Esta investigación tiene como propósito analizar los efectos del Covid-19 en la situación económica de los hogares de la comuna 10 de la ciudad de Cúcuta. La metodología es descriptiva, cuantitativa, se aplicó como instrumento una encuesta a 40 familias la comuna objeto de estudio. Los principales resultados de la investigación reflejan que la pandemia por Covid 19 afectó la economía de los hogares de la comuna está constituidos por núcleos grandes que sostienen gracias a la economía informal, actividades que se han visto limitadas por la medidas de aislamiento y cuarentena que sumado al aumento del desempleo ha imposibilitado el sostenimiento familiar. Las medidas gubernamentales han mitigado muy poco en la ciudad la situación de los hogares y no ha sido efectiva para contrarrestar la crisis que enfrenta cada una de ellos.
Gestión de intangibles en la industria informal de la moda en el subsector confecciones de Cúcuta
Authors: Camacho-Castillo Adriana Marcela , Torres-Mendoza Davinson Mauricio , Barrientos-Monsalve Ender José 
Published: April 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación de la informalidad sectorial de micro y pequeñas empresas de confecciones en la ciudad de Cúcuta con la capacidad de generar activos intangibles a través de la gestión de capital intelectual y su incidencia en la competitividad y en la creación de valor. Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo a través de una revisión bibliográfica para sintetizar los conceptos clave que permiten la definición teórica de los activos intangibles y el capital intelectual desde diferentes enfoques disciplinares, se seleccionaron los factores determinantes para la gestión de activos intangibles y capital intelectual aplicables a la industria de la moda para desarrollar una entrevista a representantes sectoriales en la actividad gremial y de producción con respecto a sus percepciones formación y conocimientos académicos y/o empíricos en la generación y valoración de intangibles que les permitieran usarlos como herramientas para mejorar su competitividad, crear valor agregado y desarrollar ventajas competitivas a largo plazo. El resultado inicial denota parámetros básicos para la identificación de los factores de la gestión de activos intangibles en las micro y pequeñas empresas de las confecciones, su descripción cualitativa y definición conceptual para posteriormente ser analizados. Se concluye que hay una relación inversamente proporcional entre el nivel de conocimiento y uso del capital intelectual con la informalidad de las micro y pequeñas empresas de confecciones en Cúcuta, lo cual convierte en una necesidad-para la sostenibilidad y crecimiento del sector- la planeación de estrategias, sea desde las entidades, los gremios y/o la dirección de la organización, la identificación, comprensión, asimilación y aplicación sistemática en la actividad empresarial de la gestión de los activos intangibles y capital intelectual como herramienta de competitividad en la era de la información y el conocimiento.
Impacto económico en los agricultores por la falta de una plaza de mercado en el municipio de Abrego, Norte de Santander
Authors: Velásquez Carrascal Blanca Liliana , Verjel Álvarez Melisa Daniela , Bayona-Vergel Valentina , Hoyos-Patiño Johann Fernando , Sayago-Velásquez Jeimmy Estefany 
Published: April 2021

Abrego, es un municipio donde la base de la economía gira en torno a la actividad agrícola; la mayor parte de su población es campesina, lo cual depende de ello para poder abastecer sus necesidades y tener una estabilidad económica, teniendo en cuenta lo anterior se realizó esta investigación con el objetivo de determinar el impacto económico que genera en los agricultores del municipio de Abrego la falta de una plaza de mercado en la actualidad, para cumplir con este objetivo se realizó una investigación basada mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, llevando a cabo también una investigación de tipo descriptiva, así mismo los métodos utilizados para la recolección de datos fue la aplicación de una encuesta cerrada, la cual se tabuló de forma cuantitativa, y una entrevista realizada a un exalcalde del municipio que ejerció dicha función pública por dos periodos, basados en el método cualitativo. Se pudo llegar a la conclusión de que efectivamente la ausencia de la plaza de mercado en el municipio si genera desventajas a los agricultores y afecta a su economía. Otro aspecto importante que se logró evidenciar es que tanto los agricultores como todo el municipio se verían favorecidos si existiera una plaza de mercado, pues esto ayudaría de forma significativa a la economía, el comercio, el turismo y la cultura del municipio.
Impacto del covid-19 en el sector turismo en Colombia
Authors: Contreras Ronald Edwin , Serrano-Villamizar Lisset Katherine , Nava Sarmiento Enmanuel Omar 
Published: April 2021

La epidemia mundial de coronavirus ocasionará efectos importantes en la economía global durante los primeros trimestres de 2020, lo cual ha hecho que impacte negativamente la economía global, el COVID-19 no es solo una emergencia para la salud pública, sino que también implica un choque económico tanto de oferta como de demanda, por ello se ve la necesidad de determinar el impacto del COVID-19 en el sector turismo en Colombia. La investigación se desarrolló por medio de una revisión bibliográfica en la cual, críticamente, se analizaron los datos relacionados con el fenómeno de interés después de realizar una búsqueda en las principales bases de datos. En Colombia si la pandemia se controla en uno o dos meses se prevé que la economía colombiana crecerá un 2,3%, en un término a medio plazo (4 meses) se prevé que la economía crecerá 1,2% sin embargo en el peor de los panoramas si se resuelve a un plazo mayor a 6 meses se prevé que el crecimiento será un 0,4% y a la baja; el gobierno nacional ha tomado medidas mediante decretos para poder proteger sus sectores financieros y que el PIB no se tan devastador para la economía del país entre ellas están los decretos 462, 397, 557 y 417; las alianzas entre secretarias departamentales y municipales podrían generar propuestas innovadores para que la crisis en el sector turismo se reactive de manera positiva para todos. Esta pandemia ha dejado a casi todas las ramas de actividad de la nación perjudicadas, especialmente al sector turismo, en donde se ha visto una disminución contundente en el PIB de la nación incluso algunos negativos.