bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Virtual Three‐Dimensional Stereoscopic Middle and Inner Ear Models on First‐Year Dental Students' Short‐Term Retention
Authors: Meyer Edgar R. , Warren Susan , Thompson Kenneth , Cui Dongmei 
Published: June 2021

Several studies in virtual three‐dimensional (3D) anatomy have shown either no difference in traditional and 3D learning among dental students or disadvantages in 3D learning over traditional learning. There are few studies in the literature that explore the effectiveness of virtual stereoscopic 3D anatomy models on dental students' learning. This study aimed to determine if virtual 3D stereoscopic anatomical models of the middle and inner ear could improve first‐year dental students' short‐term retention. This study also aimed to determine if there was a correlation between first‐year dental students' spatial abilities and their learning gains from virtual 3D anatomy exposure. During the fall 2018 semester, the first‐year dental students were invited to participate in 3D learning sessions pertaining to the middle and inner ear. Students (n=18) attended to a 3D learning session featuring virtual stereoscopic middle and inner ear models. During the learning session, the student participants completed a pre‐test before and a post‐test after the virtual 3D learning experience. At the end of the 3D learning sessions, students completed a mental rotation test (MRT) for measuring their spatial abilities and a survey for assessing their perceptions of 3D learning. The average scores on all of the students' performance measures, pre‐tests, post‐tests, and MRT's, will be analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA. In addition, the pre‐ and post‐ knowledge test performances, respectively, of the students with high and low spatial ability will be compared using a one‐way ANOVA. The results of the statistical analyses will determine whether there is a significant difference between the pre‐ and post‐3D test scores of the first‐year dental students and whether there is a significant relationship between first‐year dental students' spatial abilities and learning. Overall, the first‐year dental students perceived the 3D learning sessions of middle and inner ear anatomy to be a positive learning experience. The use of virtual stereoscopic 3D anatomy has the potential to improve first‐year dental students' learning of the anatomy of regions as complex as the middle and inner ear when used as a supplement to traditional instruction.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
3D Anatomy Application (App): A Supplemental Learning Aid for Upper Extremity Anatomy Occupational Therapy Courses
Authors: Rosario Martin G , Hyder Aneesah , Gonzalez‐Sola Maryvi 
Published: June 2021

Traditionally, graduate anatomy is learned from books, cadaver dissections, and prosections. During a lecture, the most common tool for presentations are screen projections such as PowerPoint presentations. Although this method has its teaching/learning advantage, it remains a 2‐dimensional surface unfavorable for depth perception, anatomical relationships, and clinical applications. Currently, there are several tools for the enhancement of learning and teaching anatomy, such as 3D virtual anatomy apps and anatomical models.PurposeEnhance learning through anatomy 3D applications integrated into an Upper Extremity Anatomy course for occupational therapy (OT) students.MethodsThere were 46 OT students (2 males and 44 females) enrolled in the TWU Summer 2018 Upper extremity anatomy course from the Dallas and Houston campuses. In supporting the lecture component, 3‐dimensional animations (“Complete Anatomy” app on an iPad Pro) of different anatomical upper extremity structures were projected to the big screen for the students to improve their understanding of the anatomy content that was covered. Upon course completion, the students were requested to provide their feedback and impressions regarding this combined teaching technique. Questions were tailored to examine the students' perception of integrating the app into the course, preference of the different tools used in the course, as well as their opinion on using this tool in the future.Results96% of the students reported that the anatomy app was very helpful (85%–39/46), helpful (9%–4/46) or good (2%–1/46) in aiding to their comprehension of complex anatomy structures. It was found that the anatomy app was preferred secondly to the hands‐on prosection as a teaching tool. Moreover, 100% of the students considered that the anatomy app would be a helpful tool in OT Upper Extremity courses.ConclusionCombining the 3D anatomy apps into graduate anatomy courses appears to be a useful tool for the comprehensive learning of human anatomy. This is demonstrated by the selection of the 3D app by graduate students as the second best teaching tool to learn anatomy.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Visualizing Prenatal Twin Anatomy: A Parent Education Resource for Twin‐Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Authors: Castillo Christine Joy , Lee Lisa MJ , Behrendt Nicholas , Marwan Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Twin‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a complication occurring in 10–20% of monochorionic diamniotic multiple pregnancies characterized by unequal circulation due to placental anastomoses. Left untreated, chronic TTTS has an 80–100% mortality rate, with sequelae including cardiovascular, neurodevelopmental and renal anomalies in surviving infants. Prognosis is improved by timely diagnosis and intervention, with selective fetoscopic laser photocoagulation emerging as the front‐line treatment. Considering poor prognosis and the urgent need for invasive treatment, TTTS announcement is a traumatic event for expectant parents regardless of survival outcome, thus adequate support from their providers is essential. Parent perception of their care relies on receiving ample information, and while antenatal multidisciplinary consultations at fetal centers provide space for parent education, parents often have difficulty understanding the fetal and placental anatomy. Currently, at the Colorado Fetal Care Center, supplemental educational resources include 2D images and literature intended for a scientific audience. The objective of this project was to develop and implement an interactive 3D virtual model of TTTS during antenatal consultations to facilitate parent education. The model was developed from deidentified fetal MRI Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data demonstrating TTTS (COMIRB # 18‐1955). A total of 10 MRI datasets (6 with selective intrauterine growth restriction (SIUGR), 4 without SIUGR) were identified as possible candidates. One dataset was selected for model construction based on representation of the pathology. The DICOM data was segmented on 3D Slicer. The segmentations were imported into Blender for 3D rendering and to smooth artifacts, then published onto Sketchfab for user interaction. The tool was assessed by obstetric and surgical specialists for accuracy. By providing an anatomically accurate fetal, placental, and pathologic anastomosis visualization, this model can assist providers in demonstrating the diagnosis, explaining prognosis, and discussing potential treatment options. The new 3D, interactive virtual TTTS model has the potential to improve parents' experience by increasing patient knowledge and engaging them in the intervention planning required to optimize fetal outcomes. Further investigation is required to determine the efficacy and educational value of the model.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Neuron Enteric Death Is Mediated by S100B During Intestinal Mucositis Induced by 5‐Fluorouracil
Authors: da Silva Costa Daniely Viana , da Silva Costa Deiziane Viana , Bon‐Frauches Ana Carina , Silva Angeline Maria Holanda Pascoal , Moura‐Neto Lauro Inacio , Martins Conceição Silva , Moura‐Neto Vivaldo Carina , de Castro Brito Gerly Anne 
Published: June 2021

The goal of this study was to investigate whether S100B is involved in 5‐FU‐induced enteric neuron death during intestinal mucositis. This study was approved by ethical committee of Federal university of Ceará (protocol n° 80/2015). Intestinal mucositis was induced by injecting a single dose of 5‐FU (450 mg/kg, IP) and the mice were euthanized after 3 days. The mice were pretreated with Pentamidine, an S100B inhibitor, (4 mg/kg daily) for three days. The animals were euthanized and small intestine tissues (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) were collected to evaluate S100B expression by Western Blot, enteric neuron alterations by immunohistochemistry for HuC/D (neuron marker), neuronal death by TUNEL Assay and double staining of HuC/D with RAGE or NFκB NLS. A primary culture of enteric neuron from the small intestine was performed to evaluate the direct effect of 5‐FU and S100B in neuron death using a TUNEL assay. 5‐FU reduced (p<0.01) HuC/D protein expression and increased (p<0.01) S100B protein expression in the small intestine, as well as increased (p<0.01) TUNEL positive cells on jejunum of mice compared with control group. 5‐FU enhanced RAGE and NFκB NLS immunostaining in enteric neurons in the jejunum compared to control group. Pentamidine prevented (p<0.01) these alterations induced by 5‐FU in the intestine. Higher S100B concentration, but not 5‐FU, directly caused (p<0.0001) enteric neuron death. This study showed an important role for enteric glia cells in 5‐FU‐induced enteric neuron death via S100B, during intestinal mucositis. Our results suggest that enteric glial cells release S100B, which in turn activates NFκB signaling through RAGE activation in neurons, leading to neuronal cell death during intestinal mucositis induced by 5‐FU. Therefore, the S100B signaling pathway appears to be a promising pharmacological target to prevent 5‐FU‐induced enteric neuron death.Support or Funding InformationPROCAD/CAPES, CNPq, FUNCAPThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Impact of Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus on Neuropsychological Outcomes and Voxel‐Based‐Morphometric‐Analyses in Parkinson's Disease Patients
Authors: Clemens Athena , Thompson John A. 
Published: June 2021

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a movement disorder that is characterized by tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia, due to significant cell‐death of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical intervention used to treat PD patients in which stimulating electrodes are placed bilaterally, most often in the subthalamic nucleus (STN). STN‐DBS is restricted to those who respond sufficiently well to a dopaminergic medication regimen. This procedure alleviates the motor symptoms associated with PD. Historically, the majority of clinical research on STN‐DBS has focused on motor outcomes. Until recently, few studies had explored the effect of STN‐DBS on post‐surgical cognitive and memory outcomes. Moreover, the relationship between cognitive outcomes and neuroanatomical changes in PD patients with STN‐DBS is largely unknown. The goal of this study was to correlate pre‐ and post‐ surgical memory and cognitive neuropsychological outcomes with volumetric changes in relevant neuroanatomical structures before and after DBS intervention. Thus far, 11 PD patients met inclusion criteria for this Colorado Multiple Institutional Review Board (COMIRB) approved study (COMIRB 16‐1060). Voxel‐based‐morphometry of cortical and subcortical brain regions were used to assess structural changes in T1‐weighted MR. Analyzed neuropsychological measures include those from the second edition of the California Verbal Language Test (CVLT‐II). Preliminary neuropsychological analyses suggest that Standard CVLT‐II Long Delayed Free recall of List Learning decreases post surgically. Further neuropsychological and neuroanatomical analyses are ongoing. This study is relevant because it will better characterize neuroanatomical and neurofunctional changes that occur with STN‐DBS so that physicians are better prepared to support their patients after STN‐DBS. Eventually, studies like this one may lead to predictive measures which allow physicians to better screen for patients who will benefit most from DBS surgery based on neuropsychological pre‐testing.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Repeated mild traumatic brain injury in the juvenile brain: Investigations on synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus
Authors: Pinar Cristina , Fontaine Christine J , Christie Brian , Nahirney Patrick C 
Published: June 2021

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) occurs when an impulsive force is transmitted to the head and affects the brain. Up to 75% of all brain injuries are classified as “mild” TBI (mTBI; also known as concussion). There is growing evidence that during a life time repeated mTBI (rmTBI) can produce cumulative structural damage and long‐term changes in behaviour. The juvenile brain is in a period of robust synaptic reorganization and myelination, making this a particularly vulnerable time to incur either mTBI or rmTBI. Although most children recover from mTBI incidents, a significant proportion experience learning and memory impairments after rmTBI. Memory formation is closely dependent on the capacity of the brain to regulate long‐lasting changes in neuronal communication (synaptic plasticity) with the hippocampus being an essential structure for this process. Therefore, we hypothesize that rmTBI causes learning and memory deficits through its effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity.Using the Awake Closed‐Head Injury (ACHI) model we examined how male and female Long‐Evans rats (25–28 days of age) responded after 8 episodes of ACHI over a four day period in. Animals were assessed for changes in their state of consciousness and sensorimotor abilities immediately following each ACHI, allowing us to examine the acute effects of each injury. Synaptic plasticity was assessed using in vitro electrophysiology either one day or seven days post‐ACHI.Our results show that rmTBI impacts sensorimotor abilities and impairs hippocampal synaptic plasticity in both males and female subjects. These data suggest that learning and memory deficits from rmTBI may be due to impairments in hippocampal synaptic plasticity.Support or Funding InformationSupport or Funding Information Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) CP funded by Fundació Universitaria Agustí Pedro PonsThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Following unilateral spinal contusion pregabalin has an at‐time effect on pruritus and a protective effect on mechanosensory nociception, but does not improve ipsilateral motor outcomes with early administration in rats
Authors: Erskine Erin , Tetzlaff Wolfram , Plunet Ward , Salterio Nicholas , Smaila Brittney , Kramer John , Ramer Matthew 
Published: June 2021

Anticonvulsants like pregabalin (PGB) are the first‐line treatment for neuropathic pain caused by traumatic injury and non‐traumatic diseases of the central nervous system. Recent evidence from a human cohort study suggests that early use of pregabalin after spinal cord injury (SCI) may result in improved motor scores, however, it is unknown to what extent changes in spinal neural circuitry are involved. Using a rat model of unilateral cervical contusion, we examined the effect of pregabalin treatment on both motor and sensory function. For four weeks post‐injury, rats were given daily pregabalin or filtered water via oral gavage. Motor function was scored using the Montoya staircase assessment for food pellet retrieval (MSA). Additionally, pruritus and noxious mechosensation were assessed through behavioural evidence of scratching and the Randall‐Selitto analgesiometre, respectively. Finally, we used immunohistochemistry to characterize the primary afferent axons responsible for conveying signals related to nociception and itch. We found no significant relationship between the early administration of pregabalin and improved motor scores in the affected forelimb following MSA analysis. However, rats receiving pregabalin had improved performance on the MSA using their contralateral paw, suggesting alleviation of ongoing pain. Additionally, we found that self‐injurious scratching, often displayed by animals with this type of injury, was greatly reduced in those treated with PGB. However, following a two‐month sham injury experiment without PGB treatment, it was found that the scratching was not necessarily due to SCI, except for a small number of cases in which scratching included the territory of the greater auricular nerve. Furthermore, results of the Randall‐Selitto analgesiometre indicate a protective effect that lasted after discontinuation of PGB. Finally, we saw no changes in the density of pruritic and nociceptive primary afferents just rostral to the site of injury. Our findings suggest that in rats with a unilateral SCI, PGB treatment has a possible protective effect on mechanosensory nociception, aids in diminishing pain and itch during use, and contrary to the human cohort study, does not improve motor outcomes with early administration.Support or Funding InformationWings for Life; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Propithecus diadema Infant Survival is not Influenced by Yearly Rainfall or Mother's Dental Wear
Authors: Heffernan Katie SusAnn , Samonds Karen , Irwin Mitchell 
Published: June 2021

Primate teeth wear through time in response to their environment. This change in topography has potential to affect nutrients absorbed, reproductive success, and fitness. King et al. suggested that for Propithecus edwardsi older females with dental senescence are unable to process certain types of foods, leading to higher infant mortality rate during weaning in years with insufficient rain. This study tested this hypothesis in Propithecus diadema from Tsinjoarivo, Madagascar living in fragmented landscapes, and exhibiting changes in diet and group dynamics compared to those living in pristine forests. These rapid changes could have detrimental consequences on reproductive success, and could be further influenced by environmental fluctuations like rainfall.Infant deaths were compared to yearly rainfall totals and the mother's dental relief index, slope, and angularity. Compared to the King et al. study, rainfall totals averaged 1000 mm less at Tsinjoarivo, and dental wear was not as severe. At Tsinjoarivo, rainfall and dental wear did not appear to influence infant survival. This study indicates that the long‐term viability of Propithecus diadema at Tsinjoarivo is stable and positive. However, continued monitoring of this population is critical; while they may be able adapt to current habitat modifications, the continuation of forest destruction could still severely impact their viability.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Factors Impacting Bone Remineralization in Children with Through Knee Amputation
Authors: Coker Karen , Hubbert Douglas , Raynes Edilberto , Bowman Marsha 
Published: June 2021

A relationship between bone density and prosthetic use exists among all individuals with lower limb amputations. The selection of suspension in prosthetic design and distal limb weight bearing affect the non‐density of the residual limb. The aim of the study was to identify the factors that impact positive bone remineralization in children with through knee amputation.A systematic review of peer reviewed journals of physical therapy interventions, prosthetic socket and suspension design, and through knee amputations in children was done. Eighteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Bone mineral density loss after an amputation surgery is typical but the extent of loss can be minimized by the multifocal approach of physical therapy with gait training, properly fitting prosthetics with weight‐bearing designs.Physical therapists are crucial to this approach with assessment and training in mobility and gait, especially in children with post amputation. The through knee amputation allows for increased weight bearing as well as the skin fit suspension and socket design. By weight bearing remineralization of lost bone in the residual limb is possible in the patient with through knee amputation.Support or Funding InformationNo funding sources were used.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Treatment with Exercise and Genistein Improves Fracture Resistance in Mice Fed High‐Fat, High‐Sugar Diet
Authors: Hellings Austin , Buchan Levi , Castro Monica , Al‐Nakkash Layla , Broderick Tom L , Plochocki Jeffrey H 
Published: June 2021

Diets high in fat and sugar (HFSD) adversely affect bone mineralization during growth and are implicated in osteoporosis in obese adults. In this study, we assessed fracture risk in mice fed a standard diet and mice fed HFSD. We evaluated fracture risk using three‐point bending tests and comparisons of cross‐sectional geometric properties of the femur. We also investigated the effects of low‐intensity exercise and dietary genistein, an isoflavone, on fracture risk in HFSD‐fed mice. We tested the hypothesis using 50 male and 50 female C57BL/6 mice aged six weeks, which we divided into five treatment groups: lean control, HFSD control, HFSD + exercise, HFSD + genistein, and HFSD + exercise + genistein. Lean control mice were fed standard rodent chow. HFSD consisted of chow with 60% fat content and drinking water with 42 g/L sugar (55% sucrose, 45% fructose). Exercise training consisted of treadmill running for 30 min/day, 5 days/week. Genistein was given at a dose of 600 mg/kg diet. Comparisons of body mass and blood plasma revealed mice fed HFSD were obese and hyperglycemic by the end of the 12‐week treatment period. Statistical analysis of the data showed no differences in cross‐sectional geometric properties in comparisons of lean and HSFD‐fed mice (P > 0.05). However, mice fed HFSD and treated with exercise and genistein had significantly increased maximum second moments of area relative to HFSD controls (P < 0.05). Femurs of these mice also exhibited greater ultimate force during three‐point bending tests (i.e. maximum force recorded at the time of fracture) than HFSD controls (P < 0.05). Femurs of HFSD‐fed mice treated with exercise and genistein also demonstrated reduced corrected total bone fluorescence (CTBF) relative to HFSD controls (P < 0.05). CTBF quantifies advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in bone matrix. It is an indicator of fracture risk related to increased bone brittleness and reflects a reduced capacity to deform under loading. Our findings show treatment with low intensity exercise and dietary genistein increased fracture resistance in mice fed HFSD. These results suggest exercise and genistein benefit bone health in individuals with HFSD‐induced obesity.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.