bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐tissue and multi‐isotope (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O and 87/86Sr) data for early medieval human and animal palaeoecology
Authors: Leggett Sam , Rose Alice , Praet Estelle , Le Roux Petrus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHuman isotopic ecology at its core aims to study humans as a part of their environments, as animals within an ecosystem. We are complex animals with complicated foodways and mobility patterns that are hard to address without large multifaceted data sets. As biomolecular data from archaeological remains proliferates scientists are now at the stage where we are able to collate large bodies of data and undertake complex meta‐analyses and address the complexities of human ecology and past socioenvironmental dynamics. Here we present a data set of 862 entries of new primary isotopic data (37 faunal bone, 235 human enamel carbonate with a subset of 18 for 87/86Sr, 347 human bone, 243 human bulk dentine) within a larger data set compiled from available legacy data. It contains a total of 8,910 isotopic entries from ancient humans and animals relating to diet and mobility from the late Roman period into the Middle Ages (c. 400–1200 AD). It includes carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and strontium isotope ratios from human bone, human dentine, faunal bone, and human bioapatite from thousands of individuals, and hundreds of sites found across 26 modern countries in western Europe. Studies have previously focused on only one of these aspects, compiling data sets for one tissue, or common isotopic pairing, or focusing on a particular site or region at a smaller scale for multi‐isotope multitissue studies. This is the largest and first multitissue, multi‐isotope, multiproxy data set of its kind from premodern populations. In publishing this data set, we hope to inspire more synthetic and meta‐analytical work on human isotopic ecology. Insights from these data should lead to greater understanding of diet, agriculture, climate change, human–animal interactions, mobility/migration, and much more in the past. It is hoped that these insights into past socioenvironmental dynamics will help inform current discourse on human–environmental interactions. There are no copyright or proprietary restrictions on the data; these data papers should be cited when these data are used in publications. Additionally, we would like to hear from other researchers who use these data sets in teaching or for their own research.
Compared to commercially insured patients, Medicare advantage patients adopt newer diabetes drugs more slowly and adhere to them less
Authors: Flory James H , Li Jing , Dawwas Ghadeer K. , Leonard Charles E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTAimsTo compare rates of use and adherence for newer versus older second‐line diabetes drug classes in commercially insured, Medicare Advantage and dual‐eligible (covered by both Medicare and Medicaid) patients.Materials and MethodsLongitudinal cohort study using insurance claims data from 1/1/2012 to 12/31/2016 to identify patients with a first prescription, after metformin, of a second‐line diabetes drug (eg sulphonylurea, DPP‐4 inhibitor, thiazolidinedione, SGLT‐2 inhibitor or GLP‐1 receptor agonist) and to estimate their adherence to that drug class. Univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the association between insurance type and use of each drug class, and between insurance type and adherence to each drug class.ResultsThe study population included 96,663 patients. Trends in drug use differed by insurance type. For example, sulphonylurea use declined among the commercially insured (from 46% to 39%, p < .001) but not among Medicare Advantage or dual‐eligible patients. Patterns of adherence also differed between insurance groups. For example, compared to commercial insurance, Medicare Advantage was associated with higher adherence to sulphonylurea (odds ratio [OR] 1.32, 95% CI 1.21–1.43)) but lower adherence to SGLT‐2 inhibitors (OR 0.43 (95% CI 0.33–0.56)).ConclusionsThis study finds differences in utilization and adherence for diabetes drugs across insurance types. Older medications such as sulphonylureas appear to be more used and better adhered to among Medicare Advantage recipients, while the opposite is true for newer medication classes. These findings suggest a need to personalize selection of diabetes drugs according to insurance status, particularly when adherence needs optimization.
Pain regulation during mindfulness meditation: Phenomenological fingerprints in novices and experts practitioners
Authors: Poletti Stefano , Abdoun Oussama , Zorn Jelle , Lutz Antoine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe way people respond to pain is based on psychological mechanisms, beliefs and expectations. Mindfulness meditation (MM) has been shown to regulate pain and mental suffering through different mechanisms such as positive reappraisal, attentional and emotional regulation. Yet, subjective experience and meaning of pain in connection with MM are still largely unexplored.MethodsThe present mixed‐methods study combined an interpretative‐phenomenological qualitative approach with an experimental thermal pain paradigm to explore and compare the meaning of experiencing pain in 32 novices who received short meditation training and 30 experts in meditation practice (more than 10, 000 hr in life). We collected the qualitative data during in‐depth semi‐structured interviews where we probed participants’ response strategies. During the pain task, we collected self‐reports of intensity and unpleasantness, while after the task we collected self‐reports of avoidance, openness, vividness and blissfulness.ResultsFive phenomenological clusters (PhC) emerged from the interviews, including three which described pain as an unpleasant sensation calling for: (1) experiential avoidance‐suppression, (2) volitional agency‐distanciation, or (3) a positive cognitive reappraisal and flexibility. Two additional clusters (4–5), containing mostly expert meditators, thematized pain sensation as an opportunity to gain metacognitive insights about mental processes, and to deconstruct one's suffering through these insights. PhC5 further integrates these insights with the recognition that suffering is part of the shared human experience and with the aspiration to relieve others from suffering. Each PhC was correlated to a unique profile of self‐reports during the pain paradigm.ConclusionThese findings need to be replicated in patients and practicing MM. They also warrant the integration of this mixed‐method approach with brain imaging data to refine the experiential neuroscience of pain.SignificanceWe compared the meaning of experiencing and regulating pain in novices and expert meditators using qualitative interviews. We identified five phenomenological clusters describing relevant features implicated in pain response strategies and meditation. These clusters were organized along a pseudo‐gradient, which captured meditation expertise and predicted self‐reports related to a pain paradigm and psychometric scales associated with pain and its regulation. These findings advance our understanding of the metacognitive mechanisms and beliefs underlying mindfulness meditation and can inform pain treatment strategies.
Engineering application of desulfurization and denitrification comprehensive purification technology for activated coke
Authors: Wu Zihua , Li Dandan , Chen Hao , Zhang Shule , Zhong Qin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article discusses the desulfurization and denitrification integrated purification technology for activated coke. This technology has been widely used in globally due to its ability to simultaneously remove NOx, SO2, dioxin, and dust from the flue gas. The approach discussed adopts a cross‐flow method in which the activated coke flows from the top to the bottom in the adsorption tower, and the flue gas passes through the activated coke bed horizontally from the side. To create a more economically appealing solution, the waste heat recovery system is optimized and a regeneration gas processing system is added to recycle the gas with a high concentration of SO2. In this process, first desulfurization and then denitrification. The denitrification process is performed by selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 reaction (NH3‐SCR). The results show that under the flue gas condition (NOx = 300 mg/Nm3 and SO2 = 200 mg/Nm3), SO2 is almost completely removed and the NOx removal efficiency is greater than 80%. After SO2 adsorption, the activated coke can be regenerated in a regeneration furnace at 400–450°C and the highly concentrated SO2 produced during the regeneration process can be further used for the production of ammonium sulfate. The purpose of the regeneration reaction of activated coke is to reactivate and recover the activated coke. Finally, the cost analysis results of the system show that the desulfurization and denitrification integrated purification technology for activated coke has excellent economic benefits.
Cogeneration system driven by solar dish concentrators
Authors: Pavlovic Sasa , Bellos Evangelos , Said Zafar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study is the investigation of a cogeneration system for heating and electricity production, which is driven by solar dish concentrators. There is an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) driven by the solar field and produces electricity with its turbine and heating from its condenser. The solar field includes 100 m2 of solar dish concentrators with spiral absorber and an insulated storage tank of 4 m3 storage volume. The system is examined parametrically for different pressure levels in the turbine inlet and superheating degree. The system exergy efficiency is maximized for a superheating of 30 K and a maximum pressure equal to 70% of the toluene critical pressure. In this case, the system produces 12.41 kW electricity, 28.55 kW heating, while the energy efficiency is 51.20%, and the exergy efficiency is 20.69%. Moreover, the system is examined for a typical sunny day, and it is found that the electricity production is 125.6 kWh, the heating production 288.86 kWh, the energy efficiency 48.96%, and the exergy efficiency 19.77%. In the end, the simple payback period of the examined system is found at 6.28 years, which is a good value.
Diurnal burden of spontaneous seizures in early epileptogenesis in the post‐kainic acid rat model of epilepsy
Authors: Mizuno Stephanie , Koneval Zachery , Zierath Dannielle K. , Knox Kevin M. , White H. Steve , Barker‐Haliski Melissa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPatients with epilepsy can experience diurnal seizure patterns. However, few studies in rodent models of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) routinely quantify the diurnal pattern of spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), and those that have conducted such assessments used small groups. This study thus aimed to define whether there was a diurnal pattern of SRS in the early phases of epileptogenesis in a large cohort (n = 40) of post‐kainic acid (KA)‐induced status epilepticus (SE) male Sprague Dawley rats. Rats were monitored by continuous 24/7 video‐EEG in two‐week epochs up to 6 weeks post‐KA‐induced SE. The total number of SRS by 6 weeks post‐SE correlated to body weight at the time of SE insult (R2 = .1465, P = .0143). The total number of spontaneous behavioral and electrographic seizures, seizure severity, and seizure burden was recorded during lights ON (light) or lights OFF (dark) phases. All measures significantly increased with time post‐SE; we detected significantly more seizures during the lights OFF phase of the post‐SE monitoring periods. Moreover, a subset of rats demonstrated marked seizure preference in the lights OFF phase. Our study confirms that a diurnal pattern of SRS is variably detectable in early epileptogenesis in this model of TLE.
Multi‐dimensional digital twin of energy storage system for electric vehicles: A brief review
Authors: Vandana  , Garg Akhil , Panigrahi Bijaya Ketan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a Digital Twin (DT) framework for the whole life cycle of batteries. Specifically, in the stage of R&D, Digital twin can integrate the data of all technical fields into one model to optimize the battery's performance. During the manufacturing and production phase, DT can establish a digital production line and workshop to improve it. In the operation stage, aiming at various fault features in the battery operation process, with the assistance of large data samples, digital twin simulation is used to determine the fault status of the equipment accurately, to realize the self‐perception, judgment, error correction, early warning and other functions of the equipment. The article also proposes a Postoperation phase to recycle the battery to resolve the battery materials shortage problem. The critical research direction is a futuristic plan of battery communication with a charging Station, Battery Swapping System, Smart Grid, and Renewable resources. This sophisticated DT can comprehensively improve the energy system's entire life cycle management. Moreover, it can help perceive customer demand and offer an efficient operation mode to reduce running costs.
Between a rock and a cold place: Neanderthal biocultural cold adaptations
Authors: Ocobock Cara , Lacy Sarah , Niclou Alexandra 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA large body of work focuses on the unique aspects of Neanderthal anatomy, inferred physiology, and behavior to test the assumption that Neanderthals were hyper‐adapted to living in cold environments. This research has expanded over the years to include previously unexplored and potentially adaptive features such as brown adipose tissue and fire‐usage. Here we review the current state of knowledge of Neanderthal cold adaptations along morphological, physiological, and behavioral lines. While highlighting foundational as well as recent work, we also emphasize key areas for future research. Despite thriving in a variety of climates, it is well‐accepted that Neanderthals appear to be the most cold‐adapted of known fossil hominin groups; however, there are still many unknowns. There is a great deal yet to be uncovered about the nature and manifestation of Neanderthal adaptation and how the synergy of biology and culture helped buffer them against extreme and variable environments.
Emotional profiles elicited from orthonasal and retronasal perceptions of food (fruit) and non‐food (floral) aromas
Authors: Feldmeyer Alex , Johnson Adrianne , Ennis John M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTen fruit (food) and floral (non‐food) aromas delivered through the nostrils (orthonasal) and the oral cavity (retronasal) were profiled to determine the emotional response that would be elicited. The check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) variant of the EsSense® Profile was used to collect explicit emotional profiles for 5 fruit aromas and 5 floral aromas delivered orthonasally and retronasally. Regression, Cochran's Q test, and correspondence analysis were used to investigate the effects of delivery route and aroma quality on emotion selections. Participants selected positively valenced emotions for the fruit samples independent of delivery route and were more likely to be neutral and high‐energy emotions. Participants selected more negatively valenced, high‐energy emotions for the retronasal floral samples, while orthonasal floral samples resulted in more positively valenced, low energy emotion selections. Emotional profiles proved to be mediated by a combination of aroma quality and delivery route congruency.
New thermal releaser of menthol: Cellulose acetate film covered amorphous silica
Authors: Zhang Yu Kang , Gao Ling , Chen Jie Ling , Hong Ying , Shen Wei‐Jian , Wang Ying , Zhu Jian Hua 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA new way of controllable releasing menthol with amorphous silica is reported for the first time. Porous silica adsorbed menthol in 373‐413 K and then was covered with cellulose acetate film to form a carrier‐embedded menthol. The sealed menthol would be released at elevated temperatures once the cover fractured. Here, the influence of temperature and nature of sorbent on the adsorption of menthol along with the covering manner were investigated carefully, and the thermal release of menthol was studied with headspace gas chromatography (HS‐GC) method. Silica adsorbed about 400 mg g−1 of menthol at the optimal adsorption conditions and released most of them at about 473 K. Preliminary application in non‐combustible cigarette proven the feasibility of thermal release of menthol with the covered silica carrier.
Knowledge and practices of dietary iron and anemia among early adolescents in a rural district in Ghana
Authors: Wiafe Michael Akenteng , Apprey Charles , Annan Reginald Adjetey 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe study assessed knowledge and practices of dietary iron intake and anemia among early adolescents in the Asante‐Akim Municipality of Ghana. A cross‐sectional study was conducted among 137 adolescents, aged 10–14 years. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic, knowledge of iron, and anemia, and iron intake practices. Hemoglobin levels were determined using Hemocue 301. Data were analyzed using descriptive, chi‐square test, and binary logistics regression. The mean age of participants was 11.5 years. About 40% had knowledge of iron deficiency anemia, 29.4% knew anemia causes, 86% knew symptoms of anemia, and 35% knew anemia consequences. Although 41.2% of participants knew its prevention as eating iron‐rich foods, 31.4% knew the food sources of iron, and 4.4% mentioned animal‐based foods as rich sources, with the bulk (27%) mentioning plant‐based foods instead. Moreover, 18.2% knew iron enhancers, while 0.7% knew iron inhibitors. More chicken consumers (72.2%) than nonconsumers (56.6%) met the Estimated Average Requirement for dietary iron intake (Chi‐square 3.4,p = .073), while more dried fish consumers (88%) than nonconsumers (66.7%) had normal hemoglobin levels (Chi‐square 4.5,p = .050). Knowledge of food sources of iron and iron‐rich foods was positively associated with intake of chicken, fresh fish, and dried fish. Moreover, lower knowledge of iron‐based food sources (β = −1.015,p = .020) and iron‐rich foods (β = −2.188,p = .015) was inversely associated with beef intake. Anemia was negatively associated with chicken (β = −0.310,p = .416) and dried fish (β = −1.299,p = .045) consumption. Majority of the adolescents had low knowledge of iron. Chicken and dried fish intake reduced the risk of anemia development. Our study may be the first to assess knowledge on iron, anemia, and its impact among young Ghanaian adolescents. Our findings provide insights into this topic, calling for to improve knowledge, and practices on anemia in Ghanaian adolescents.
Preparation, amino acid composition, and in Vitro antioxidant activity of okra seed meal protein hydrolysates
Authors: Yao Hongliang , Yang Jiani , Zhan Jiajia , Lu Qu , Su Min , Jiang Yaojiong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo improve the utilization of okra seed, acidic and enzymatic hydrolyses of producing protein hydrolysates were respectively optimized by orthogonal experiment and response surface methodology using the degree of hydrolysis (DH) as evaluating index. Amino acid composition and antioxidant capacity in vitro of two kinds of hydrolysates were both analyzed. The degree of acidic hydrolysis was 58.53 ± 1.92% under the following optimized condition: hydrolyzing time 40 hr, temperature 95°C, ratio of acid solution to okra seed meal (OSM) powder was 5:1 (V:W/ml:g), and hydrochloric acid concentration was 18% (W/W). The degree of enzymatic hydrolysis was 16.26 ± 0.56% under the optimized condition: hydrolyzing time 8.20 hr, ratio of buffer to OSM powder was 10:1, and enzyme dosage was 3,100 International Units (IU) g−1. Enzymatic hydrolysates had a fuller range of amino acids and antioxidant capacity than acidic hydrolysates. The results provide technical support for the expansion of okra seed utilization.
Effect of sensorimotor rehabilitation based on an immersive virtual reality model on mental health
Authors: Brito Héctor , Pham Trung , Vicente Benjamín 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the immersive virtual reality‐based sensorimotor rehabilitation (IVR‐SRB) effect on mental health (global mental health, depression, anxiety and well‐being) in older adults.MethodsThis study was experimental, with a sample of 111 older adults (control‐experimental), considering an application of IVR‐SRB in four different virtual settings with exteroceptive synchronization, proprioceptive and vestibular stimuli, for 6 weeks. Outcome variables: symptoms associated with depression and anxiety; positive mental health (psychological well‐being). A descriptive and inferential approach was used to analyze the data, and the ANCOVA test was used to compare the post‐intervention groups, controlled by the baseline; In case of baseline moderation, a linear regression model was applied to identify the level of moderation and a region of significance analysis.ResultsAn IVR‐SRB positive net effect was found in the reduction of symptoms of global mental health (p < 0.0001) and depression (p < 0.0001), without baseline moderation. The anxiety scores showed moderation at the beginning (p < 0.0001; b = −0.53), identifying that the greater the presence of anxiety symptoms, the greater the effect of IVR‐SRB in reducing these symptoms; its effect is present from scores of 2.9 (Goldberg‐12). There were no changes in well‐being.ConclusionIVR‐SRB is recognized as a great intervention tool among elderly population, showing its multidimensional approach capacity, properly responding to the reduction of symptoms associated with mental disorders.
How do insurance firms respond to financial risk sharing regulations? Evidence from the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Sacks Daniel W. , Vu Khoa , Huang Tsan‐Yao , Karaca‐Mandic Pinar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany insurance markets have reinstated premium stabilization programs to ensure financial protection from market volatility. In this paper, we focus on one such regulation—risk corridors (RCs)—in the context of the Health Insurance Marketplaces established under the Affordable Care Act. We develop a model to show how the program provided incentives for some insurers to lower their premiums. The RCs program was defunded unexpectedly for coverage year 2016, before its legislated end in 2016. Consistent with the model, we find that making a RCs claim before the program ended is associated with higher premium growth after the program's demise. The model and empirical evidence are consistent with the view that the end of the RCs program contributed to premium growth in the Marketplaces.