bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Energy Supplementation On Intake, Digestibility of Diets and Performance of Grazing Lambs During The Rainy Season
Authors: Silva Abias Santos , Pedreira Márcio dos Santos , Silva Herymá Giovane de Oliveira , Junior Antônio Amandio Pinto Garcia , Almeida Paulo José Presídio , Rocha Leone Campos , Diavão Jaciara 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate different energy sources in multiple supplements on performance, intake and digestibility of Santa Ines sheep grazing urochloa grass (Urochloa mosambicensis) during the rainy season. The experimental area was divided into seven paddocks of four-ha each, with an average of dry matter (DM) availability of 3213.45 kg/ha. A completely randomized design was carried out, in which there were four treatments, and each treatment was repeated six times. Twenty-four intact lambs (average: 32 kg of body weight) were supplemented with a mineral mixture, the control group (MM), mesquite pod meal (MPM), wheat bran (WB) or sorghum grain (SG) as energy sources. The digestibility of DM and crude protein (CP) in MPM, and WB is higher than in MM and SG groups. The DM digestibility was higher in the WB group; however, there was no difference between the other treatments. Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) digestibility was similar between supplemented lambs, and it was higher than the MM. The supplementation promoted higher weight gain than in the control group (0.125 vs. 0.61 g/day, respectively; P < 0.001). The supplementation increased the DM, and CP intake. The NDF intake only increased in the WB group. The CP digestibility was higher for the MPM and WB groups than for MM and SG ones (P < 0.001). Sheep supplementation in the rainy season increased the average daily gain (ADG). Any supplement tested in the present study can be used during the rainy season. The choice for the supplement will depend on the availability and costs of the supplement.
Factors Associated with Poor Viral Suppression Among Children and Adolescents Accessing Antiretroviral Therapy in Selected Health Facilities in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Egbonrelu Nneka , Awolola Adeola , Lawanson Teniola , Ogunsola Olabanjo , Odole-Akinyemi Oluwagbemisola , Olugbusi Janet , Akinmoladun Adebayo , Babalola Oluwatosin , Ogwara Chigozie , Akande Patrick , Olaitan Remi , Ogunyemi Kehinde Olawale , Okonkwo Prosper 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
IntroductionNigeria has the second largest HIV burden in Sub-Saharan Africa, with high burden amongst children and adolescents. In 2017, it was estimated that 160,000 children (0-9 years) and 230,000 adolescents (10-19 years) are living with HIV globally, with death in 21,000 children and 5400 adolescents resulting from AIDS-related illnesses. The main objective of the study was to determine the factors associated with poor viral suppression in children and adolescents accessing antiretroviral therapy in secondary health facilities in Lagos State.MethodsA descriptive retrospective study of children and adolescents living with HIV accessing care and support in 7 Global Fund supported ART treatment facilities in Lagos between January 2013 and June 2020. Data extraction was done between July 2020 and August 2020. The sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data were extracted from patients’ folders. Binary logistic regression model was done to identify the determinants of viral non-suppression among children and adolescents age groups. ResultsThe study population consisted of 363 children (age 0-9 years) and 275 adolescents (age 10-19 years). The mean age of children was 5.8±2.2 years and that of adolescent was 13.21±2.8years. About 256(70 %) of children were virally unsuppressed and 118(43 %) had non-suppressed viral load status among adolescents. Binary logistic regression showed that children with WHO stage IV of HIV disease had greater odds (OR=7.984, 95% CI=1.042-61.163) of having suppressed viral load and children who live with their non-biological caregiver had greater odds of having a suppressed viral load compared to the biological caregiver group (OR=2.0421, 95% CI=1.083-10.965). Among adolescents, binary logistic regression showed location of abode and drug pick-up pattern as independent predictors of poor viral suppression. Adolescent patients living in rural setting had greater odds of being virally unsuppressed compared to those living in urban settlement (OR=1.755, 95% CI=1.001-3.083) while patients who have regular drug pick-up pattern from their ART health centres had lesser odds (OR=0.585, 95% CI=0.591-0.912) of viral non-suppression.CONCLUSIONThe findings highlight the need for a renewed focus on developing and strengthening HIV programmes in rural areas where children and adolescents living with HIV are more likely to be virally unsuppressed. More emphasis and resources should be channelled to Public health intervention such as health education, social support group programmes to improve drug pick up and adherence in adolescents living with HIV.
Differences In Awareness of Positive And Negative Age-Related Changes Account For Variability In Health Outcomes
Authors: Sabatini Serena , Ukoumunne Obioha , Brothers Allyson , Diehl Manfred , Wahl Hans-Werner , Ballard Clive , Collins Rachel , Corbett Anne , Brooker Helen , Clare Linda 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Higher awareness of positive age-related changes (AARC gains) is related to better mental health, whereas higher awareness of negative age-related changes (AARC losses) is related to poorer mental and physical health. So far perceived gains and losses have been explored separately, but people report gains and losses concurrently in varying degrees, and different profiles of gains and losses may be differentially associated with health. We identified profiles of gains and losses and explored whether different profiles differed in physical, mental, and cognitive health. We used cross-sectional data from the PROTECT study (N= 6,192; mean(SD) age= 66.1(7.0)). Using latent profile analysis, a four-class solution showed the best model fit. We found that 45% of people perceived many gains and few losses (Class 1); 24% perceived moderate gains and few losses (Class 2); 24% perceived many gains and moderate losses (Class 3); 7% perceived many gains and many losses (Class 4). Analysis of variance and Chi-square tests showed that Class 1 had relatively better physical, mental, and cognitive health, followed by Classes 2, 3, and 4. Experiencing one’s ageing to a high degree as gain may be related to better health only when individuals interpret ageing as involving low levels of loss across several life domains. Risk in terms of poorer health emerged in those who perceived high losses. Considering gains and losses in parallel, rather than separately, may lead to a more fine-tuned understanding of relations with health.
Comparison of Objective and Subjective Sleep Time and Quality in Hospitalized Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Park Min kyoung , Suh Eunyoung E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
PurposeThis study investigated the sleep time and efficiency of recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) throughout treatment and compared objective measurements with subjective self-reported data.MethodsSleep time and efficiency were measured using both objective and subjective methods throughout the treatment period in inpatients receiving HSCT. The participants were recruited among HSCT inpatients at a tertiary hospital in Seoul, South Korea, between August 2019 and August 2020. Actigraphy was used to measure objective sleep time and efficiency, and patients self-reported their sleep time during the same periods. Sleep quality was measured using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI).ResultsMeasurement data from 40 patients were analyzed. The objective total sleep time was the lowest in the conditioning period, and there was a significant gap between treatment time points after accounting for the corresponding differences in measurement methods. There were no significant differences between subjective and objective results for sleep time (p=0.414), and the interaction between the two methods over time was not significant (p=0.345). However, meaningful differences were found among the groups in sleep efficiency throughout the treatment period (p= 0.001) and between objective and subjective methods (p<0.001), as well as a statistically significant interaction between the two methods over time (p= 0.002).Conclusion.Actigraphy misclassified patients’ low-energy state with little movement due to immune system impairment during treatment as sleep, resulting in high measured sleep efficiency, whereas their self-reported sleep efficiency was very low. Therefore, subjective measures might be more accurate for measuring sleep efficiency in HSCT patients.
An Evolutionary Trajectory Planning Algorithm for Multi-UAV-Assisted MEC System
Authors: Asim Muhammad , Khan Wali , Belhaouari Samir Brahim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted mobile edge computing (MEC) system, where multiple UAVs are used to serve mobile users (MUs). We aim to minimize the overall energy consumption of the system by planning the trajectories of UAVs. To plan the trajectories of UAVs, we need to consider the deployment of hovering points (HPs) of UAVs, their association with UAVs, and their order for each UAV. Therefore, the problem is very complicated, as it is non-convex, nonlinear, NP-hard, and mixed-integer. To solve the problem, this paper proposed an evolutionary trajectory planning algorithm (ETPA), which comprises three phases. In the first phase, variable-length GA is adopted to update the deployments of HPs for UAVs. Accordingly, redundant HPs are removed by the remove operator. Subsequently, differential evolution clustering is adopted to cluster HPs into different clusters without knowing the number of HPs in advance. Finally, a GA is proposed to construct the order of HPs for UAVs. The experimental results on a set of eight instances show that the proposed ETPA outperforms other compared algorithms in terms of the energy consumption of the system.This paper presents a multi-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted mobile edge computing (MEC) system, where multiple UAVs are used to serve mobile users (MUs). We aim to minimize the overall energy consumption of the system by planning the trajectories of UAVs. To plan the trajectories of UAVs, we need to consider the deployment of hovering points (HPs) of UAVs, their association with UAVs, and their order for each UAV. Therefore, the problem is very complicated, as it is non-convex, nonlinear, NP-hard, and mixed-integer. To solve the problem, this paper proposed an evolutionary trajectory planning algorithm (ETPA), which comprises three phases. In the first phase, variable-length GA is adopted to update the deployments of HPs for UAVs. Accordingly, redundant HPs are removed by the remove operator. Subsequently, differential evolution clustering is adopted to cluster HPs into different clusters without knowing the number of HPs in advance. Finally, a GA is proposed to construct the order of HPs for UAVs. The experimental results on a set of eight instances show that the proposed ETPA outperforms other compared algorithms in terms of the energy consumption of the system.
The Expected Length of Stay At Aged Care Facilities in Australia: Current and Future
Authors: Shi Yanlin , Zhang Jinhui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper analyzes the hazard functions of exiting from an aged care facility in Australia. Using a comprehensive dataset ranging over 2008--2018, we find that those functions are heterogeneous across the age, sex and year-of-leaving. The modelling results lead to in-sample estimated expected length of stay (LOS) for residents differed by age (in general, longer for older groups) and sex (longer for females). The estimated LOS declines gradually from 2008 to 2014 and then steadily increase afterwards for all heterogeneous age and sex groups. Out-of-sample predictions up to 2100 suggest that the longest LOS belongs to females aged 100 and older, with the estimated/predicted LOS increasing from 58.6 months in 2018 to 68.9 months in 2100. Relative uncertainty measures are also provided. Those results can be used to explore the nature of and aspects to improve service quality of Australian aged care facilities for policy makers.
A Nine-Immune-Related Gene Prognostic Signature for Predicting Outcomes in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Jiang Yahui , Lyu Tianjiao , Zhou Tianyu , Shi Yiwen , Feng Weiwei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Recently, immune system has been shown to be indispensable for ovarian cancer progression. The key immune-related genes (IRGs) related to the overall survival of ovarian cancer patients should be taken seriously. Here, we screened 9 survival-related IRGs in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) and build a prognostic signature to predict the outcome of HGSOC patients.Methods: We downloaded RNA-sequence profiles from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genome Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases to identify differentially expressed genes between normal fallopian tube and HGSOC. Among these genes, IRGs were filtered based on the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal (ImmPort). Using univariate Cox regression, Lasso regression and multivariate Cox regression, we selected 9 survival-related IRGs and established a prognostic signature to compute the risk score. Patients were divided into a low-risk group and a high-risk group, and the immunological feature differences between them were analysed with the ESTIMATE R package, TIMER and GSEA software. Moreover, the prognostic signature was validated by data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets.Results: We obtained 1544 differentially expressed genes in HGSOC compared with normal fallopian tube, among which 99 genes were related to immunology. After univariate Cox regression, Lasso regression and multivariate Cox regression, nine IRGs (HLA-F, PSMC1, PI3, CXCL10, CXCL9, CXCL11, LRP1, STAT1 and OGN) were identified as optimal survival-related IRGs and used to establish a prognostic signature for calculating the risk scores of HGSOC patients. The prognostic signature showed its efficiency in predicting the overall survival of HGSOC patients in TCGA training cohort (p=1.018e-8) and GEO test cohort (p=2.632e-2). Age and risk scores were independent risk factors for overall survival. As the risk scores increased, the proportions of neutrophil, dendritic cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells and B cells decreased (p values were 0.026, 1.909e-4, 9.165e-10, 0.003 and 2.658e-4, respectively). In addition, 21 out of 24 HLA-related genes were highly expressed in the low-risk group than in the high-risk group. The above might prompt a stronger immune response in the low-risk group.Conclusions: Our study constructed a nine-IRG-based prognostic signature that could effectively predict the overall survival of HGSOC patients and become a promising therapeutic target for HGSOC treatments.
Evaluation of Traffic Noise Pollution Around The Shrine of Imam Reza Using GIS And Descriptive Statistics Analysis (A Case Study of Mashhad, Iran)
Authors: Gheibi Mohammad , Karrabi Mohsen , Latifi Pooria , Fathollahi-Fard Amir Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The environmental consequences and the epidemiologic results of noise pollution have chronic effects and lead to widespread complications in the long run. Thus it might receive less attention by pollution monitoring and control systems when compared with other environmental pollutants. The city of Mashhad is Iran’s second largest metropolitan city and it is one of the biggest world religious cities in the world. Each year it becomes one of the main destinations for travel for tourists and pilgrims in Iran and abroad in the holidays of the beginning of the year and the summer. In this research study the distribution of sound pollutants in the streets and sidewalks leading to the Holy shrine of Imam Reza is investigated. Field measurements were carried out by noise level meters and on longitudinal and transverse points of the sidewalk of the streets leading to the Holy Shrine. All of the measurements and recordings were done during the peak of morning crowd (AM 10-12) and evening crowd (PM 4-6) and on both of the sidewalks of each street. The study showed that the pollution in all of the studied streets in the evening time span (PM 4-6) has the maximum level of noise. Among all of the studied streets, Tabarsi street has the most amount of noise pollution with a mean of 78 dB(A) for the mean intensity for each point and Imam Reza street has the minimum amount of pollution with a mean of 72.75 dB(A). The investigations showed that, from the temporal perspective, the noise pollution peaks in the evening, when weather conditions are most favorable for visiting the area. From the spatial perspective, the most intensive noise pollution was observed in the areas with residential and accommodation land use, which have the highest number of arterial routes towards the shrine.
Endocrinological Aspects of Pituitary Adenoma Surgery in Europe
Authors: Netuka David , Grotenhuis André , Foroglou Nicolas , Zenga Francesco , Froehlich Sebastien , Ringel Florian , Sampron Nicolas , Thomas Nick , Komarc Martin , Kosak Mikulas , Majovsky Martin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose:Hormone-secreting adenomas are treated in many neurosurgical centers within Europe. The goal of the survey is to shed light on different endocrinological aspects of hormone-secreting adenomas surgery.Methods: A list of departments performing pituitary surgery was created. The survey consisted of 58 questions. This study focuses on neurosurgical care of hormone-secreting adenomas. For analysis, the departments were divided into four subgroups: academic/non-academic, high-volume/low-volume, “mainly endoscopic/mainly microscopic practice” and geographical regions. Results: Data from 254 departments from 34 countries were obtained. Most centers surgically treat 1-5 hormone-secreting adenomas per year. In prolactinomas this is the case in 194 centers, (76.4%), in GH-secreting adenomas: 133 centers, (52.4%), ACTH-secreting adenomas: 172 centers, (69.8%). Surgery as a primary treatment of prolactinomas is considered in 64 centers (25.2%). In 47 centers (18.8%), GH-secreting microadenomas are often treated pharmacologically first. Debulking surgery for an invasive GH-secreting adenoma in which hormonal remission is not a realistic goal of the surgery and the patient has no visual deficit surgery is always or mostly indicated in 156 centers (62.9%). Routine postoperative hydrocortisone replacement therapy is administered in 147 centers (58.6%). Conclusions:Our survey shows that in most centers, few hormone-secreting adenomas are treated per year. In about 25% of the centers, prolactinoma surgery may be regarded as first-line treatment; in about 20% of the centers, medical treatment is the first-line treatment for GH-secreting adenomas. Pretreatment for ACTH-secreting adenomas is routinely used in 21% of centers. This survey may serve as plea for neurosurgical care centralization of hormone-secreting adenomas.
Treatment of Comminuted Proximal Humeral Fractures with Fibular Autografts
Authors: Wang Binggang , Liu Na , Zhang Lifeng , Guan Pengfei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: For severe proximal humerus comminuted fractures, which are often accompanied by a large number of fracture defects, there are many cavities left at the fracture end after reconstruction, which is one of the important factors leading to the failure of internal fixation. At present, the appropriate treatment of these proximal humerus comminuted fractures has not been identified. The purpose of this study used locking plates combined with fibular autografts was increased fixed strength for the treatment of severe comminution fractures of the proximal humerus with bone defects. Methods: 10 cases of comminuted fracture of proximal humerus with bone defect were treated with open reduction and plate internal fixation combined with autologous fibular segment structural bone grafting. The postoperative follow-up was summarized and statistically analyzed by a paired sample t test.Results: There was a total of 10 cases, including 7 cases that had full follow up data. The constant Murley score of the shoulder joint was 88.57±4.28 points at 12 months after the operation. The preoperative HSS score of the knee joint was 90.14±4.95 points. The HSS score of the knee at 12 months after the operation was 90.5±5.47 points. The preoperative HSS score and the postoperative 12-month score had P=0.088 (>0.05). The shoulder function score at 12 months was defined as excellent in 2 cases, good in 5 case, and 100% of the patients had excellent or good scores.Conclusions: Locking plates combined with autogenous fibula segment transplantation may be an effective treatment for severe comminution fractures of the proximal humerus with bone defects.
Leucine Rich Alpha-2-Glycoprotein 1 Is A Novel Predictor Of Diastolic Dysfunction: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Loch Alexander , Tan Kok Leng , Danaee Mahmoud , Idris Iskandar , Li Ng Mei 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background. Leucine-rich α2-glycoprotein (LRG1) mediates cardiac fibrocyte activation. It is upregulated in inflammatory conditions, atherosclerosis, and fibrosis. Diastolic dysfunction (DD) is due to myocardial fibrosis. This study examined the relationship between LRG1 and DD. Methods. Patients with symptoms of chronic coronary ischemia were recruited. Exclusion criteria: symptoms of overt heart failure, ejection fraction (EF) < 55%, impaired renal function, infection, recent trauma. Investigations: SYNergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with TAXus and cardiac surgery (SYNTAX) score, Echocardiographic assessment, and LRG1 levels. Binary stepwise logistic regression to evaluate the relationship between LRG1 and DD. ROC analysis with calculation of optimal cut-off values. Results. 94 patients were included; 47 had diastolic dysfunction. Serum LRG1 was significantly (U = 417.00, p<0.001) higher in the DD group (M=14) compared to the No-DD group (M=8) (U-Mann Whitney Test). There were higher SYNTAX scores in the DD group (M = 24.5) compared with No-DD (M=7). LRG1 had significant predictability of DD (OR =1.30 (95% CI:1.13-1.49)). The ROC for the adjusted model had an AUC=0.89 (95% CI: 0.82-0.95). The cut-off value of “9” LRG1 had a 78% sensitivity (95% CI: 65.3–87.7) and 72.3% specificity (95% CI: 57.4 – 84.4) for predicting DD. Conclusions. We identified LRG1 as a novel independent predictor of diastolic dysfunction. Further studies are warranted to validate the utility of LRG1 in predicting DD.