bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Properties of Solar Wind Upstream of Mars: MAVEN Observations
Authors: Liu Di , Rong Zhaojin , Gao Jiawei , He Jiansen , Klinger Lucy , Dunlop Malcolm Wray , Yan Limei , Fan Kai , Wei Yong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Using the data sets of Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN and OMNI for the period 2014 October 10–2020 February 14 and the heliocentric distance of 1–1.66 au, we investigate the statistical properties of solar wind upstream of Mars for the first time. The key parameters, including interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), proton density (N), bulk velocity (∣
V
∣), and dynamic pressure (P
dyn), are surveyed with regard to variations of solar activity level and heliocentric distance. We find that the parameters ∣IMF∣, N, and P
dyn monotonously decrease with heliocentric distance. Both ∣IMF∣ and P
dyn are generally stronger at a higher solar activity level (F
10.7 ≥ 70 sfu), while such activity has little relevance to N. In contrast, ∣
V
∣ basically keeps a median of about 370 km s−1 and is insensitive to the solar activity level and heliocentric distance. We also find that the IMF upstream of Mars at the higher solar activity level has a much smaller spiral angle in the inward sector; thus, IMF seems “straighter” than that in the outward sector, although that is not so for the inward sector of the upstream of Earth. Our statistical survey can be used as a reference for upstream solar wind of Mars at 1.4 ∼ 1.7 au, and could benefit the studies on solar wind as well as the Martian space environment.
Magnetar-driven Shock Breakout Revisited and Implications for Double-peaked Type I Superluminous Supernovae
Authors: Liu Liang-Duan , Gao He , Wang Xiao-Feng , Yang Sheng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The discovery of early bumps in some type-I superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) before the main peaks offers an important clue to their energy source mechanisms. In this paper, we updated an analytic magnetar-powered model for fitting the multiband light curves of double-peaked SLSNe-I. The early bump is powered by magnetar-driven shock-breakout thermal emission, and the main peak is powered by a radiative diffusion through the supernova (SN) ejecta as in the standard magnetar-powered model. Generally, the diffusive luminosity is greater than the shock-breakout luminosity at the early time, which usually makes the shock-breakout bumps unclear to observe. To obtain a clear double-peaked light curve, inefficient magnetar heating at early times is required. This model is applied to three well-observed double-peaked SLSNe-I (i.e., SN2006oz, LSQ14bdq, and DES14Xtaz). We find that a relatively massive SN ejecta with M
ej ≃ 10.2–18.1M
⊙ and relatively large kinetic energy of SN ejecta

erg are required, and the thermalization efficiency of the magnetar heating is suppressed before t
delay, which is in the range of ≃15–43 days. The model can reproduce the observed light curves well, with a reasonable and similar set of physical parameters for both the early bump and the main peak, strengthening support for the magnetar-powered model. In the future, modeling of the double-peaked SLSNe-I will become more feasible as more events are discovered before the early bump.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: Characterizing E+A Galaxy Candidates in the Coma Cluster
Authors: Marinelli Mariarosa , Liu Charles T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Using data from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) Survey, we examined a subsample of 29 E+A galaxy candidates in the Coma Cluster. We created spatially-resolved maps of spectral features and the kinematics of the underlying stellar population by utilizing the Marvin toolkit. We rule out star formation in the entire subsample, and do not find evidence for AGN activity. For the majority of the subsample, stellar rotation is coherent.
Study on suicidal intent and its relationship with psychiatric morbidity in cases of deliberate self-harm
Authors: Pawar Shalaka S. , Tagad Prasad K. , Bhoge Nitin D. , Pawar Alka V. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Mental disorders are among the strongest predictors of suicide attempts. However, little is known regarding which disorders that is uniquely associated with suicidal behavior because of high levels of psychiatric co-morbidity. The present study was planned to undertake on suicidal intent in such deliberate self-harm patients.

Aims:
The aim is to determine the suicidal intent and to assess the relationship with psychiatric morbidity in patients of deliberate self-harm

Settings:
Patients of deliberate self-harm.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:
The sample consisted of 50 patients of deliberate self-harm admitted during study period of 6 months in appropriate in-patient unit for observation and necessary intervention, who fulfils inclusion criteria. A semi structured pro forma was used for collection of socio-demographic data, case history and Beck's Suicide intent scale was used which is designed to assess the severity of intention to die associated with an episode of deliberate self-harm.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and percentage was used to present the data. To assess the relationship between the suicidal intent and psychiatric morbidity, Chi-square test was used. A P < 0.05 were considered significant. Data analysis was performed using software SPSS v20.0.

Results:
Self poisoning (80%) was found to be the most common method employed in deliberate self-harm. 74% of the deliberate self-harm attempts were impulsive in nature. Altercation with the spouse (30%) was the most common precipitating factor. Psychiatric morbidity was found to be associated with suicidal intent (P = 0.0068).

Conclusions:
In conclusion, even with low intent to harm self we have to be careful while examining the patients of psychiatric morbidity. They are at risk of attempting harm to self. We cannot ignore the patients just on the basis of low intent to harm self.
Ranula
Authors: Abdullahi Mohammed , Taiwo Abdurrazaq Olanrewaju , Iseh Kurfre Roberts , Amutta Stanley Baba 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Ranula may grow into a considerable size as to cause obstructive symptoms, especially in infants when neglected. The aim is to describe the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of ranulas.

Methods:
This is a retrospective study of patients with ranulas that presented during the periods of January 2000 to December 2019 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery, Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Northwest, Nigeria.

Results:
A total of 29 patients were seen during the review period: twelve (41.4%) males and 17 (58.6%) females. Age ranged from 3 days to 48 years (median 3 years). Most of the patients 19 (65.5%) were below the age of 10 years. Twenty-one (72.4%) patients had simple oral ranulas: 8 (38.1.6%) patients were congenital ranulas characterized by tongue protrusion and dysphagia. Plunging ranulas were seen in 8 (27.5%) patients, and 2 (25%) of these patients were HIV infected. Simple marsupialization was done for 10 (34.5%) patients, and one of these patients had an elective tracheostomy for difficult intubation. Sublingual gland excision and with the evacuation of the cyst were done for 16 (55.2%) patients. One of the patients with plunging ranula opted for conservative management. Only 12 (41.4%) patients came for follow up: a patient had recurrence 2 years after excision of plunging ranula.

Conclusion:
Ranula, when neglected can cause obstructive symptoms presenting as tongue protrusion in children. Inadequate follow up was seen in the majority of the patients. Adequate follow up to determine the recurrence, especially those who had marsupialization, is most desirable.
One Year Outcomes Following Orthotopic Heart Transplantation at a Tertiary Care Center in India
Authors: Rabbani Syed Shamayal , Singh Sarvesh Pal , Seth Sandeep , Goyal Anurag , Sahu Manoj Kumar , Hote Milind P 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
Cardiac transplantation remains the gold standard for end stage heart failure. Even after 25 years, the progress of heart transplants in India has not been as expected, especially in the public sector. Till recently, ours was the only government hospital in India with a successfully running heart transplant program. This study's primary objective was to evaluate the 1-year survival of heart recipients in the past 5 years at our center and risk factors associated with early mortality. The secondary objective was to assess the correlation between per capita income and quality of life (QOL).

Methodology:
A retrospective analysis of records of 40 transplant patients, performed between June 2014 and June 2019 at our center, was done to calculate 1-year survival and evaluate risk factors for mortality. The following risk factors were analyzed for a significant correlation with mortality-infections, primary graft dysfunction (PGD), allograft rejection, ischemia time, and Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) score. Adults (>18 years of age) who are in the current follow-up (n = 21) were interviewed for the evaluation of their per capita income and QOL. A correlation was sought for between per capita income and QOL.

Results:
The mean age of patients was 31.2 ± 12.7 years. The 1-year survival of patients transplanted during 2014–2015 and 2016–2019 was 65% and 85%, respectively. None of the risk factors studied correlated with mortality. The most common cause of death in the 1st year following transplant was an infection. A total ischemia time of more than 240 min, higher preoperative PA pressures, and INTERMACS score ≤2 are significant risk factors for developing PGD. The mean monthly per capita income of the 21 patients, interviewed for QOL, is 7142 ± 3050. The cost of heart transplant for the first 2 years (including surgical expenses) is 997,760 ± 104,751 rupees at our institute, and the current mean monthly spending for medicines is 15,214 ± 5041.

Conclusion:
The 1-year survival of patients transplanted during 2014–2015 and 2016–2019 was 65% and 85%, respectively. There was no correlation between infections, PGD, allograft rejection, ischemia time, INTERMACS score, and mortality. The QOL of heart recipients, from economically weaker sections, is similar to that of India's general population. There is no correlation between per capita income and QOL after a heart transplant.
Co-existing obstructive sleep apnea among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Nattusami Loganathan , Hadda Vijay , Khilnani Gopi C , Madan Karan , Mittal Saurabh , Tiwari Pawan , Mohan Anant , Khan Maroof Ahmad , Guleria Randeep 
Published: April 2021

Background and Objectives:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common airway disease that is frequently associated with comorbidities. In this study, we assessed the co-existence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among patients with stable COPD.

Methodology:
This cross-sectional study included patients with stable COPD who were screened with Epworth's Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Those with ESS score of >10 were subjected to in-lab polysomnography (PSG). PSG was manually analyzed and reported. Patients with apnea–hypopnea index of >5/h were diagnosed as OSA.

Results:
This study included 301 patients (78.1% male, 76.4% smokers, age 59.6 ± 10 years) with stable COPD. ESS score of >10 was observed in 47 (15.6%) patients. Among patients with ESS score of >10, OSA was observed in 34 (72.3%) patients. The overall prevalence of OSA among patients with COPD was 10.9%. Patients with co-existing OSA were older and had thicker neck and higher body mass index (BMI) as compared to COPD alone. In addition, patients with associated OSA had worse health-related quality of life (QOL) as shown by higher St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire score (42.42 ± 7.22 vs. 25.22 ± 8.66; P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Co-existing OSA is common among patients with COPD and has a significant adverse effect on the QOL. Among COPD patients, older age, thick neck, and high BMI may predict co-existing OSA and require PSG for the confirmation.
Study of respiratory viruses and their coinfection with bacterial and fungal pathogens in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
Authors: Jahan Rahat , Mishra Baijayantimala , Behera Bijayini , Mohapatra Prasanta Raghab , Praharaj Ashok Kumar 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) develop acute exacerbations (AE), with varying natural history. The exacerbation is triggered by infection, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The study on infectious aetiology of AECOPD is largely restricted to only viral or only bacterial aetiology. There are no studies from India that have investigated multiple viral, bacterial, and fungal associations from the same group of patients. This prospective study was conducted over 2 years to estimate the incidence and profile of viral infections in AECOPD patients, their coinfection with other bacterial and fungal agents, and association of the type and pattern of infective agent with the clinical severity.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy-four AECOPD cases were included in the study. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction was performed from nasopharyngeal swab using Fast Track Diagnostics Respiratory Pathogens 21 Plus Kit. Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) stain, Modified ZN, and potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount were performed for Mycobacteria, Nocardia, and fungal elements. Bacterial cultures and fungal cultures were done as per the standard techniques. Serum samples were tested for Mycoplasma and Chlamydia pneumoniae immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:
The number of AECOPD events involving only viral infection, only bacterial infection, bacterial–viral coinfection, and no infection were 43 (58.1%), 32 (43.2%), 20 (27%), and 19 (25.7%), respectively. Influenza A virus was the most common virus (22/43, 51%) identified. In 26 patients, monoviral infections were found, and in 17 patients, polyviral infections were identified, the most common pattern being influenza A and B virus, followed by human rhinovirus and human parainfluenza. The most common bacteria isolated were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9/32,28%) followed by Acinetobacter baumanii and Klebsiella pneumoniae (7/32, 21%). Among the viral–bacterial coinfection, human coronavirus NL63 infection was always associated with a bacterial infection.

Conclusion:
This information on the various viral and bacterial etiologies of respiratory infections in AECOPD in this part of India will improve the understanding of the management of AECOPD using a timely institution of antivirals and reduce the overuse of antibiotics and the implementation of routine influenza vaccination.
Percutaneous core needle biopsy in the diagnosis of lung lesions
Authors: Parigi Madhavi , Hui Monalisa , Uppin Shantveer G , Kapoor Anu , Kumar N Narendra , Bhaskar K , Stalin Bala Joseph , Sadashivudu G , Paramjyothi GK 
Published: April 2021

Context:
Percutaneous needle biopsy of lung (PCNBL) is advantageous over bronchoscopic biopsies to obtain adequate sample for peripheral lung lesions.

Objective:
The objective was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of image-guided PCNBL in the diagnosis of lung lesions and to classify lung carcinomas as per the recently proposed International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC)/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society classification for small biopsies modified and adopted by the World Health Organization, 2015.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 280 image-guided PCNBL were analyzed. The radiological findings and routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained sections along with immunohistochemistry (IHC) were analyzed in all the cases. Molecular testing was done depending on tissue diagnosis and availability.

Results:
Majority (81%) were diagnosed as malignant lesions, with adenocarcinoma (ADC) being the most common. More than 70% were diagnosed on H&E morphology alone, with thirty cases requiring IHC to categorize as ADC. Nearly 60% were categorized as squamous cell carcinoma on morphology alone and the rest required IHC. Though TTF1 showed higher sensitivity than napsin A, the latter is more specific. Both p63 and p40 were found to be highly sensitive for squamous cell carcinoma, but p40 was more specific than p63. Epidermal growth factor receptor could be evaluated on 94.4% of ADC samples, indicating good yield for molecular testing.

Conclusion:
PCNBL yields adequate sampling for tissue diagnosis and ancillary testing with minimal complications. The use of IHC markers reduces the number of non-small-cell not otherwise specified cases significantly.
SISTEM INFORMASI PENDATAAN HASIL PENJUALAN BBM PADA SPBU KSO 14.202.1119 SUTOMO MEDAN
Authors: Triaulia Eli , Zulham Zulham , Rusydi Ibnu 
Published: April 2021

Abstrak - SPBU KSO 14.202.1119 menyajikan informasi secara cepat, tepat serta akurat kepada pihak-pihak pekerja. SPBU KSO 14.202.1119 Sutomo Medan begerak dalam bidang pelayanan, penjualan dan jasa. Selama melakukan penelitian di SPBU KSO 14.202.1119 Sutomo Medan, peneliti menemukan masalah sistem pada bagaian pendataan hasil penjualan, masalah yang terjadi yaitu pendataan hasil penjualan masih ditulis dalam bentuk dokumen sehingga pekerja sulit untuk menyajikan laporan, dan pekerja untuk mencari hasil laporan data menjadi rumit. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini membuat sebuah sistem informasi yang dapat mendata dan menghasilkan laporan penjualan BBM berdasarkan penjualan BBM setiap harinya. Sistem dibuat menggunakan pemrograman web yang menggunakan bahasa pemrograman HTML, PHP dan basis data MySQL. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempermudah administrasi pengelola data hasil penjualan BBM dalam pembuatan laporan penjualan. Kata Kunci : Sistem Informasi, Basis Data, Data Flow Diagram, Entity Relationship Diagram, Flowchart, HTML, PHP, MySQL.
ĐÁNH GIÁ ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA YẾU TỐ ĐẤT ĐAI ĐẾN THU NHẬP CỦA NÔNG HỘ TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN THỊ XÃ HƯƠNG TRÀ, TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ
Authors: Hoàng Hồ Việt , Hóa Nguyễn Gia , Hà Trịnh Ngân 
Published: April 2021

Thu nhập của hộ gia đình ở khu vực nông nghiệp vẫn là một vấn đề nan giải tại Việt Nam nói chung và ở thị xã Hương Trà nói riêng. Nghiên cứu nhằm xác định mối quan hệ và mức độ tác động của yếu tố đất đai đến thu nhập của nông hộ, từ đó đề xuất giải pháp tăng thu nhập cho nông hộ dựa vào mở rộng quy mô đất nông nghiệp tại thị xã Hương Trà. Để đạt được mục tiêu đề ra, nghiên cứu đã tiến hành khảo sát 90 nông hộ tại 02 phường và 01 xã có diện tích đất nông nghiệp nhiều nhất tại địa bàn nghiên cứu là phường Hương Vân, phường Hương Xuân và xã Hải Dương. Số liệu sau khi thu thập được nhập liệu vào phần mềm SPSS 20 để tiến hành phân tích thống kê mô tả, phân tích tương quan và phân tích hồi quy nhằm xác định các yếu tố ảnh hưởng chủ yếu cũng như mức độ ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố này đến thu nhập của nông hộ. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy yếu tố diện tích đất nông nghiệp có mức độ ảnh hưởng lớn nhất đến thu nhập của các nông hộ với giá trị hồi quy lớn nhất với β5 = 0,282, tiếp đến lần lượt là các yếu tố trình độ học vấn (β1 = 0,273), nghề nghiệp chính (β4 = 0,273), khoảng cách đến thị trường tiêu thụ (β3 = -0,257) và khả năng áp dụng kỹ thuật canh tác (β2 = 0,196). Dựa vào đó, nghiên cứu đã đưa ra hai giải pháp cụ thể góp phần nâng cao thu nhập của nông hộ tại thị xã Hương Trà trong thời gian tới, bao gồm: giải pháp cho thuê đất nông nghiệp và góp vốn quyền sử dụng đất.
ABSTRACT
Household income in the agricultural sector has been a troubling issue in Vietnam in general and in Huong Tra town in particular. The study aimed to determine the relationship and the degree of the impact of the land element on farmers’ income, thereby proposing solutions to increase household incomes based on the expansion of agricultural land in Huong Tra town. To achieve the proposed target, the study surveyed 90 households in two wards and one commune with the largest agricultural land in the study area, which was Huong Van ward, Huong Xuan ward, and Hai Duong commune. The collected data was entered into SPSS software version 20 to conduct descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis to identify the main influential factors as well as the impact levels on farmers’ income. The research results showed that the agricultural land area has the biggest influence on the income of households with the largest regression value with β5 = 0,282, followed by the educational level factors (β1 = 0,273), main occupation (β4 = 0,273), distance to the consumer market (β3 = -0,257) and applicability of farming techniques (β2 = 0,196). Therefore, the study has given two specific solutions that contribute to raising the income of farmers, including solutions for leasing agricultural land and contribution to land use rights capital.
Pengembanagn Model E-Learning Adaptif untuk Materi Pembelajaran Jaringan Komputer pada Amik Almuslim
Authors: Damuri Amat 
Published: April 2021

Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi e-learning sudah sangat pesat, hal ini ditandai dengan munculnya sejumlah perangkat lunak seperti: moodle, Atutor, LRN, Dukeos dan lain sebagainya, disisi lain adanya keterbatasan e-learning dapat menghambat kemajuan proses pembelajaran, dimana hambatan yang muncul adalah dalam mengoperasionalkan proses pembelajaran dan proses kognitif mahasiswa. Sistem e-learning adaptif dikembangkan atas asumsi bahwa model pembelajaran individual mampu memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dari pada model pembelajaran lainnya. Digunakan Jaringan Bayesian dalam menentukan model pengguna dan dipilih Model Gaya Belajar Dunn & Dunn untuk menentukan ke-adaptif-an sebuah e-learning. Dalam pengembangan aplikasi digunakan model pengembangan perangkat lunak sequencial linear, tahap analisa digunakan Unifed Modelling Language (UML), seperti : Use Case Diagram, Activity Diagram dan Deployment Diagram, sedangkan tahap pemberian kodenya menggunakan PHP. Penentuan model pengguna dengan Jaringan Bayesian ditetapkan 4 parameter, yaitu : Persepsi kemudahan penggunaan (C1), Motivasi (C2), Sikap dalam penggunaan (C3) dan Penerimaan terhadap e-learning (C4). Hasil dari perhitungan terhadap paramater-parameter ini mengarah ke model gaya belajar Dunn & Dunn yang mendasarkan kepada kesamaan fungsionalnya. Hasil dari analisa dihasilkan 9 page dalam mendukung tercapainya e-learning adaptif ini, dimana ada 3 page utama, yaitu : page model perkuliahan berbasis teks, page model perkuliahan berbasis visual & suara dan page model perkuliahan berbasis image & teks yang dapat menjadi pilihan mahasiswa dalam belajar. Pengujian untuk sistem ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Blackbox Testing bertipe Functional Testing. Penelitian ini telah berhasil memodelkan e-learning adaptif dengan menentukan model pengguna menggunakan Jaringan Bayesian dan model Dunn & Dunn untuk model gaya belajar mahasiswa. Pengembangan e-learning adaptif ini perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan berbagai model gaya belajar seperti : Felder Silverman atau Kolb.
Kata kunci: e-learning adaptive, style learning.