bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Idea in the Use of Ultrasound to Guide Nasolabial Hyaluronic Acid (HA) Dermal Filler Injections to Prevent Alar Nasal Necrosis
Authors: Klubowicz Dorota Maria , Vissa Deepti , Johnson Marjorie , Barbeau Michele , Khalil Andrew , Martin Charys , Merrifield Peter , Perinpanayagam Hiran , Galil Khadry 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundNasolabial dermal filler (DF) injections are one of the most popular cosmetic procedures performed worldwide. DF injections at the nasolabial fold have been associated with nasal necrosis due to inadvertent intravascular injection of the adjacent facial artery (FA). Current DF injection protocols are devoid of imaging the anatomical site, and the use of ultrasound (US) for imaging the FA is very limited in literature. The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of utilizing US to identify and measure the FA at different bony landmarks near and within the nasolabial region.MethodsPart ICadaveric dissections (n=18; 10 female, 8 male) will be completed to explore the course of the FA from the external carotid artery to the terminal branches supplying facial structures.Part IIA bilateral US of the FA using 13–6 MHz, 38 mm linear array US transducer was performed on consenting adults (n=16; 9 female, 7 male) from the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at Western University. The following bony landmarks were identified and used for US measurements, taken in real time: anterior‐inferior angle of the mandible, mandibular teeth, maxillary teeth, maxillary ridge. Measurements of FA diameter, artery distance to skin, and artery distance to bone were obtained at each landmark using digital image distance measurements on the Sonosite M‐Turbo P08189‐88R US machine.ResultsPart IPreliminary results (n=8; 4 female, 4 male) show FA variability between cadaveric specimens, as well as left/right FA variability within cadaveric specimens themselves.Part IIPreliminary results of the average FA distance to the skin measured at 0.438 cm ± 0.126 for the left FA and 0.459 cm ± 0.205 for the right FA. A significant difference (P< 0.05) was noted for FA distance to the skin between the left mandibular teeth (0.481 cm ± 0.107) and left maxillary ridge (0.343 cm ± 0.097).ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of understanding the anatomy of the FA within the nasolabial fold, and the need to carefully personalize the placement of DF injections, due to the anatomical variability identified in both the cadaveric and ultrasound portions of the study. Furthermore, since it is feasible to identify and measure the FA using the selected US transducer, the future direction of this study will be to examine the application of US to guide DF injections.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Advantages of Using Magnetic Resonance Arteriogram Images to Create 3D Virtual Anatomic Vasculature Models
Authors: Yang Gongchao , Storrs Judd , Lynch James C. , Lehman Michael N. , Cui Dongmei 
Published: June 2021

Computed tomography images are commonly used in creating 3D virtual models for anatomical education. Recently, use of computed tomography arteriogram (CTA) images has been reported for construction of vascular virtual models for anatomy teaching, but small blood vessels are difficult to capture during the creation process. High contrast Magnetic Resonance Arteriogram (MRA) images offer better resolution for visualizing and capturing the small branches of the cerebral vasculature than CTA images. In order to develop better vascular models, improving the quality of models and their effectiveness as teaching tools, we used MRA Images as a source and combined the images using a new, innovative, semi‐auto‐combination technique. We used Amira software to develop 3D virtual models that can be presented stereoscopically in a virtual reality environment. The images and models are virtually displayed in stereo mode and viewed by students wearing polarized 3D glasses allowing enlargement, rotation in 360 degrees and in any plane. The stereoscopic 3D Magnetic Resonance Arteriogram models allow students to view and interact with normal and abnormal cerebral vasculature, including posterior cerebral artery hemorrhage in greater detail than has previously been possible.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Changes of the Intercondylar Notch and their impact on the morphology of the cruciate ligaments in osteoarthritis.
Authors: Hirtler Lena , Schreiner Markus , Röhrich Sebastian , Hirtler Arno , Kainberger Franz 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionAs the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is not only impinged against the roof but also against the lateral wall of the intercondylar notch (IN), information of changes during life and especially the progression of osteoarthritis could be relevant in predicting the risk for ACL‐rupture and ‐degeneration. Therefore the purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of osteoarthritis on notch morphology, on the cruciate ligaments as well as on the meniscofemoral ligaments.Material and MethodsImage data was retrieved from the osteoarthritis initiative (part 2). In coronal and axial images osseous structures were measured. At the level of the popliteal sulcus and on the level of the joint line, the width of the lateral and medial femoral condyle, the notch width (NW) as well as the total width of the distal femur were measured. The notch width index (NWI) was calculated. On whole‐leg radiographs the leg alignment was measured. The morphology of the ACL, the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and the meniscofemoral ligaments were assessed.ResultsThe morphology of the IN is directly influenced by the development of osteoarthritis. Three types of shapes (A‐shape, Inverse‐U‐shape, Ω‐shape) were defined to characterize these changes. Especially the Ω‐shape is directly correlated with rupture of the ACL. Changes to the IN also significantly influence the morphology of the other ligamentous structures.ConclusionTo reflect the intimate correlation of the osseous structures and the ligaments of the IN, the term intercondylar space was created. It is not a static area but undergoes continuous changes throughout life. At the level of the joint line a NWI <0.17 and a NW < 14 mm should be interpreted as notch stenosis and are definite risk factors for ACL rupture. Measurements combined with the evaluation of the shape of the IN could improve risk estimation for ligament pathologies through semiquantitative assessment.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Hepatic Autophagy Gene Expression Is Induced by Post‐Weaning Diets in Sprague‐Dawley Rats fed with A Low‐Protein Diet During Lactation
Authors: Cai Mingzhu , Wang Huan , Chen Hong , Pan Yuan‐Xiang 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundBoth maternal dietary protein restriction and excess fat intake are associated with numerous metabolic responses including the activation of transcription factor 4 (ATF4). ATF4 is one of the master regulators of stress response pathways, which potentially program autophagy genes expression in the liver of offspring rats.HypothesisThe current study tested the hypothesis that lactational low‐protein (LP) diet and postnatal high‐fat (HF) diet induce a metabolic mismatch that activates autophagy gene expression through the activation of ATF4 in the liver of offspring rats.MethodsTimed‐pregnant Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed a control diet (C, 20% protein) during gestation followed by either a LP diet (8% protein) or the control diet during lactation for 21 days. At weaning, the offspring was fed either C (16% fat) or HF (45% fat) to generate three offspring groups: C/C/C, C/LP/C and C/LP/HF. At 12 weeks of age, liver samples of male and female rats were collected for analysis.ResultsLactational LP diet and post‐weaning HF diet induce autophagy gene expression differentially in the liver of male and female offspring. mRNA expression of Beclin1, p62/sqstm1, LC3b and Atg5, crucial markers of autophagy, was significantly upregulated by lactational LP diet (C/LP/C when compared to C/C/C, p<0.05) in female offspring, but not in male offspring. Consistent with that, mRNA expression of other autophagy related genes including Atg16l1, Atg12 Atg3, Gabarapl2, Atg7, Atg10 and Gabarap increased significantly in the female offspring only. Moreover, autophagy genes Atg16l1, Atg12, Atg3, Beclin1, p62/sqstm1, LC3b, Gabarapl2, Atg7, Atg10, Gabarap, and Atg5 were expressed at a higher level by post‐weaning HF diet (C/LP/HF when compared to C/LP/C, p<0.05) in both male and female offspring. A master regulator of stress pathway, transcription factor ATF4, also displayed differential expression in the mismatched dietary groups.ConclusionLactational low‐protein diet induced autophagy related gene expression in female offspring and the induction was further augmented by a post‐weaning high‐fat diet. On the other hand, in the liver of male offspring, only post‐weaning high‐fat diet induced mRNA expression of autophagy related genes. The differential regulation of autophagy by diets, sex, and developmental periods could be explained by dysregulation of stress response pathway involving transcription factor ATF4. Overall, our data demonstrated that lactational low‐protein diet may impact autophagy pathway more in female offspring than in male offspring rats.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Gene architecture influences on the outcome of INDEL‐based genome editing
Authors: Tuladhar Rubina , Yeu Yunku , Piazza John Tyler , Clemenceau Jean , Wu Xiaofeng , Tan Zhen , Mathews David , Hwang Tae Hyun , Kim James , Lum Lawrence 
Published: June 2021

The introduction of insertion‐deletions (INDELs) by activation of the error‐prone non‐homologous end joining pathway forms the mechanistic basis of CRISPR/CAS9‐directed genome editing. The anticipated impact of INDELs on protein products largely is based on the presence or absence of pre‐mature termination codons in altered mRNA which in turn control non‐sense mediated decay regulation. From analyzing gene‐protein relationships in a large collection of CRISPR/CAS9 edited cell lines, we have identified mechanisms that frequently result in the production of foreign proteins and that compromises the utility of this prediction model. These mechanisms include: a) the alteration of RNA secondary structure resulting in the inadvertent introduction of internal ribosomal entry sites, b) the conversion of pseudo‐RNAs into protein encoding molecules, and c) the induction of exon skipping due to compromising exon splicing enhancers. We leveraged our new understanding of how these cellular mechanisms that ordinarily safe guard genomic integrity influence CRISPR/CAS9 genetic outcomes to systemize the re‐design of sgRNAs reagents for gene deletion strategies and for the rescue of genetic alterations associated with inherited diseases.Support or Funding InformationWelch Foundation (I‐1665), CPRIT (RP130212), and RO1‐CA168761 and RO1C1A196851.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Reversal of phenotypic abnormalities by CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated gene correction in iPSCs derived from Fabry IVS4+919 mutation patients
Authors: Song HuiYung , Chien Chien‐Shiu , Chiou Shih‐Hwa , Chien Shu 
Published: June 2021

Fabry disease (FD) is the second most common lysosome storage disorder (LSD) that is caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme α‐galactosidase A (GLA). More than 500 GLA mutations have been identified in FD that result in GLA enzyme deficiency and lead to lysosomal globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) accumulation. In FD patients in Taiwan, there is a high incidence of the GLA IVS4+919G>A mutation, which leads to late‐onset cardiovascular dysfunction. Crucial issues for establishing isogenic control iPSCs include the minimization of the chance of missing modifiable effects relevant to the pathogenesis and the increase of confidence in identifying FD phenotypes and mechanisms. Here we report correction of GLA IVS4+919G>A human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) using the CRISPR/Cas9 approach. Both FD and corrected isogenic hiPSCs can be differentiated into vascular endothelium that exhibits the rich functional phenotypic plasticity of mature and functional vascular endothelium which can respond to physiological level of flow and inflammatory stimulation in a circulating flow chamber system. We demonstrated that phenotypic abnormalities in FD hiPSC‐derived endothelial cells, including intracellular Gb3 accumulation, autophagic flux impairment, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, are rescued in isogenic controls. Importantly, RNA‐seq profiling revealed that a number of apparent gene expression differences detected between FD and healthy control lines are absent between FD and corrected lines, indicating that these differences are likely related to genetic background rather than FD‐specific effect. Such information is highly valuable for the development of methods for the prevention and intervention of the adverse effects of FD‐associated cardiomyopathy.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
RNA Editing Mediates Oligomerization State of Calcium‐Dependent Activator Protein for Secretion 1 (CAPS1)
Authors: Mitchell Ben , Ulbricht Randi J. 
Published: June 2021

CAPS1 RNA under‐goes a site‐specific adenosine‐to‐inosine RNA editing event that alters a genomically‐encod‐ed glutamate (GAG) to a glycine (GIG) codon within the encoded Calcium‐dependent activator protein for secretion 1 (CAPS1) protein. The protein isoforms generated from edited and non‐edited tran‐scripts have differential effects on synaptic vesicle distribution, release and recycling. Increasing expression of non‐edited CAPS1 isoforms negatively affects vesicle evoked release, leads to a more diffuse distribution of synaptic vesicles and increases spontaneous release from synaptic vesicles. Conversely, elevation of edited CAPS1 isoforms stimulates increased clustering of synaptic vesicles and decreased constitutive release from synaptic vesicles. We hypothesize that the mechanism for the distinct editing‐dependent phenotypes is related to the oligomerization state of CAPS1. To test this hypothesis, recombinant isoforms of edited and non‐edited CAPS1 were transfected into human embryonic kidney cells and detected by western blot of native PAGE. We find that non‐edited CAPS1 isoforms have a distinct oligomerization state from edited isoforms, suggesting that RNA editing influences the ability of CAPS1 to form larger complexes. Overall, we conclude that RNA editing serves as a molecular switch, allowing CAPS1 to self‐associate, thereby organizing vesicles into a tightly knit cluster that promotes robust, regu‐lat‐ed release and preventing release from vesicles in the absence of a stimulus.Support or Funding InformationThis work is supported by Missouri State University, Department of Biomedical Sciences.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Investigating on the binding characteristics of the important RNA‐protein interactions in Brome Mosaic Virus
Authors: Riboul Rashid , Siegel Noah , Kim Chul 
Published: June 2021

RNA‐protein interactions are often crucial for viability of many biological systems, including the replication cycle of RNA viruses. Understanding molecular driving forces behind the binding specificity of these interactions in RNA viruses is important in advancing our knowledge not only in the mechanism of viral replication but also in designing therapies against viral infections. Here, we have investigated the binding characteristics of the N‐terminal region of a viral Coat Protein (CP) to promoter sequences of the genomic RNA in Brome Mosaic Virus (BMV), a granary plant‐infecting RNA virus. BMV has three separate RNA molecules as its genomic RNA and coordinating the timely production of these three RNAs is crucial in successful replication of their progeny viruses. Previous studies showed that the coordinating function is conducted by the CP, which involves its specific binding on BMV RNA. The N‐terminal region of CP binds to a couple of promoter sequence of BMV genomic RNA. Interestingly those RNA motifs all have well‐defined loop structures. We have explored on the importance of the three‐dimensional conformations of these RNA motifs for the recognition by the N‐terminal region of CP. We designed peptides mimicking the N‐terminal region of CP, called CPNT, and also prepared RNA sequences representing the promoter motifs of BMV RNA. We have used Fluorescence quenching & anisotropy as well as NMR and FPLC for investigating the binding characteristics of CPNT to these RNA. Our initial results have shown that one of the RNA promoter motifs, found at the 5′end of BMV genomic RNA, showed specific binding affinity in which the conformation of its triloop (5′AUA3′) serves a key recognition motif for the CPNT‐RNA interaction. We are currently investigating the binding characteristic of other RNA motifs with CPNT as well as the effects of pH, salt, and temperature on them. Fluorescence spectroscopy and Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography are used to measure and compare binding efficiencies of peptide‐RNA complexes for pH 7.5, 7.0, 6.5, 6.0, and 5.5 in sodium chloride and ammonium acetate, with native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) as a way to visualize binding of those complexes. High‐resolution 1D and 2D NMR is used to gain structural insights into complexes. These new results will be presented at the conference.Support or Funding InformationThis project was supported by the Center for Student Research and by the Faculty Support Grant from CSU East Bay. A Varian 500 MHz FT‐NMR instrument was obtained with funds from NSF MRI grant 0420615 and the CSU East Bay College of Science.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Promoting Protein Translation in a Vaccinia Virus System Using Translation Enhancing Elements
Authors: Minder Stephanie , Richard Brent , Jacobs Bertram L. , Wellensiek Brian P. 
Published: June 2021

Vaccinia virus (VACV) is known for its use in the vaccination strategy that led to the eradication of smallpox, but has more recently been seen as a potential agent against other pathogens. This is due to the fact that the VACV genome can be easily manipulated to express genes from other pathogens and can infect a wide range of cell types. In exploring its use as a recombinant vaccine, VACV was attenuated to decrease the side effects associated with a wild‐type VACV infection. Through this attenuation VACV is unable to replicate efficiently within host cells. A drawback of this attenuation however, is a reduction in viral protein expression. This reduced protein production, while leading to a reduction in side effects, also results in a decreased host immune response. Therefore, making the candidate vaccine less effective. In order to address this issue, the current research is focused on amplifying recombinant protein production in an attenuated VACV model. A potentially useful tool in attempting to do this lies in human translation enhancing elements. In previous research, these elements were found to boost protein production using a cytoplasmic VACV based expression system. One specific translation enhancing element hTEE‐658 was found to increase expression 10‐fold when compared to other translation enhancing elements. Recent research in our lab has demonstrated that, although hTEE‐658 increases protein expression in an attenuated virus system, it does not increase to comparable levels driven by the wild‐type VACV. In this current study, we attempted to further increase protein expression by combining hTEE‐658 with other top performing translation enhancing elements. Analysis using luciferase reporter plasmids highlighted one combination increased protein expression when compared to hTEE‐658 alone in a wild‐type VACV based system. A similar trend observed when expression was driven with an attenuated virus. This pattern of protein expression also remained consistent when a pathogen specific gene was used in place of luciferase. This research demonstrates that combining translation enhancing elements is a viable method for increasing protein production in an attenuated VACV model, and provides an interesting avenue to increase the effectiveness of recombinant VACV vaccines.Support or Funding InformationBiomedical Sciences Graduate Program & Midwestern University intramural funds awarded to BPWThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.
Pentachlorophenol Effects Synthesis of IL‐1β in Human Immune Cells
Authors: Martin Tamara , Whalen Margaret 
Published: June 2021

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is an environmental contaminant found in human blood. PCP has been used in fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, and antifouling paint. A number of cancers and diseases are associated with exposure to this contaminant. Interleukin 1‐βeta (IL‐1β) is a cytokine produced by lymphocytes and monocytes. It is involved in stimulating cell proliferation, tissue repair, and present during the inflammatory response to injury. Increased levels of IL‐1 β have been associated with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, ulcerative colitis, and tumor progression. A decrease in levels of IL‐1 β could lead to lack of an appropriate immune response to a pathogen while elevations in its levels may lead to increased potential for inflammatory disorders and tumors. Previous studies in our lab show that PCP increases secretion of IL1β from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCS) and monocyte‐depleted PBMCS. Increased secretion could be due to PCP‐induced release of a store of pre‐existing cytokine in these cells or due to PCP‐induced increases in the synthesis of IL‐1β. The objective of this study was to examine if exposure of human immune cells to PCP increases the synthesis (secreted + intracellular levels) of IL1β. PBMCS were exposed to 5 μM to 0.05 μM PCP for 10 min, 1 h, 6 h, and 24 h. PBMCs showed increased synthesis of IL1β after 6 h and 24 h exposures to PCP. The concentrations of PCP at which these increases occurred varied among the donors. These results suggest that PCP‐induces synthesis of IL1‐β which may have the potential to cause immune system dysregulation.Support or Funding InformationSupported by NIH grant U54CA163066.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.