bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coronary artery disease burden relation with the presentation of acute cardiac events and ventricular fibrillation
Authors: Kosmopoulos Marinos , Bartos Jason A. , Raveendran Ganesh , Goslar Tomaz , Kalra Rajat , Hoke Lindsay , Tsangaris Adamantios , Sebastian Pierre , Walser Emily , Yannopoulos Demetris 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesEvaluate the differences in coronary artery disease (CAD) burden between patients with ischemic resuscitated, ischemic refractory VT/VF OHCA events and N/STEMI.BackgroundRefractory out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients presenting with initial shockable rhythms (VT/VF OHCA) have the highest mortality among patients with acute cardiac events. No predictors of VT/VF OHCA refractoriness have been identified.MethodsA retrospective cohort design was used to assess baseline characteristics, clinical outcomes, and the angiographic severity of disease among patients with VT/VF OHCA undergoing emergent coronary angiography at the University of Minnesota Medical Center. The Gensini score was calculated for all patients to assess the angiographic burden of CAD. For patients with ischemia‐related cardiac arrest, outcomes were further compared to an independent non‐OHCA population presenting with N/STEMI.ResultsDuring the study period, 538 patients were admitted after VT/VF OHCA. Among them, 305 presented with resuscitated, and 233 with refractory VT/VF. 66% of resuscitated and 70% of refractory VT/VF had an underlying, angiographically documented, ischemic etiology. Ischemic resuscitated and refractory VT/VF had significant differences in Gensini score, (80.7 ± 3.6 and 127.6 ± 7.1, respectively, p < 0.001) and survival (77.3% and 30.0%, respectively, p < 0.001). Both groups had a higher CAD burden and worse survival than the non‐OHCA N/STEMI population (360 patients). Ischemic refractory VT/VF was significantly more likely to present with chronic total occlusion in comparison to both N/STEMI and ischemic resuscitated VT/VF.ConclusionIschemia‐related, refractory VT/VF OHCA has a higher burden of CAD and the presence of CTOs compared to resuscitated VT/VF OHCA and N/STEMI.
An Efficient Bioaggregate Reactor for Enhanced Denitrification of Sewage with Low Carbon/Nitrogen Ratio
Authors: Chen Changlun , Ali Amjad , Su Junfeng , Gao Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study developed a bioaggregate reactor by using Pseudomonas strain GF2. The response surface method indicated that the optimal parameters were pH 7, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6 h, and an initial nitrate concentration of 25 mg L−1. Nitrate removal reached a maximum of 99.19 % at a C/N ratio of 2. Gas chromatographic detection revealed that nitrogen gas was the main product (98.46 %). 3D fluorescence spectroscopy showed that, with increasing HRT, the amounts of fulvic acid‐like, tryptophan, and protein‐like substances increased, which were consistent with the change in microbial community. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the existence of OH, CH, C=O, and C=C. High‐throughput sequencing showed that Pseudomonas and Azospira were the dominant genera.
Effects of Zinc and Aluminum on the CuO Crystalline Size for Direct Dimethyl Ether Synthesis from Syngas
Authors: Thongkam Montree , Piyabunditgul Nanchapak , Trisupakitti Somsuk , Rungrojchaipon Pesak 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe effects of zinc and aluminum on the CuO crystalline size for direct dimethyl ether (DME) synthesis from syngas were investigated. Metal oxide catalysts were synthesized with various molar ratios of CuO by the precipitation method, and by the co‐precipitation method with CuO/ZnO (CZ), CuO/ZnO/Al2O3 (CZA), and CZA at ratios of 1:1, 2:2:1, and 6:3:1, respectively. The acid catalysts (γ‐Al2O3, HZSM‐5) were added to the metal oxide catalysts by physical mixing. The catalysts were characterized morphologically and their acidities were determined. Loading of zinc and aluminum at different ratios showed that CZA (2:2:1) gave the smallest CuO crystalline size, appropriate for the methanol synthesis reaction. γ‐Al2O3 has a weak to moderate acidity range, suitable for DME synthesis. Moreover, the bifunctional catalyst, CZA (2:2:1)/γ‐Al2O3, had the highest surface area as well as the highest %CO conversion and %DME selectivity.
Using subspaces of weight matrix for evaluating generative adversarial networks with Fréchet distance
Authors: Eken Enes 
Published: July 2021

SummaryFréchet inception distance (FID) has gained a better reputation as an evaluation metric for generative adversarial networks (GANs). However, it is subjected to fluctuation, namely, the same GAN model, when trained at different times can have different FID scores, due to the randomness of the weight matrices in the networks, stochastic gradient descent, and the embedded distribution (activation outputs at a hidden layer). In calculating the FIDs, embedded distribution plays the key role and it is not a trivial question from where obtaining it since it contributes to the fluctuation also. In this article, I showed that embedded distribution can be obtained from three different subspaces of the weight matrix, namely, from the row space, the null space, and the column space, and I analyzed the effect of the each space to Fréchet distances (FDs). Since the different spaces show different behaviors, choosing a subspace is not an insignificant decision. Instead of directly using the embedded distribution obtained from hidden layer's activations to calculate the FD, I proposed to use projection of embedded distribution onto the null space of the weight matrix among the three subspaces to avoid the fluctuations. My simulation results conducted at MNIST, CIFAR10, and CelebA datasets, show that, by projecting the embedded distributions onto the null spaces, possible parasitic effects coming from the randomness are being eliminated and reduces the number of needed simulationsin MNIST dataset,in CIFAR10, andin CelebA dataset.
Tracking the Micro‐Heterogeneity and Hydrogen‐Bonding Interactions in Hydroxyl‐Functionalized Ionic Liquid Solutions: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Zhang Yaqin , Tan Xin , Ding Weilu , Wang Yanlei , He Hongyan , Yu Zhiwu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) are an important class of media that are usually used in combination with polar solvents to reduce costs and tune their physicochemical properties. In this regard, it is essential to understand the influence of adding solvents on the properties of ILs. In this work, the micro‐heterogeneity and H‐bonding interactions between a hydroxyl‐functionalized IL, [HOEmim][TFSI], and acetonitrile (ACN) were investigated by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and molecular simulations. All studied IL‐ACN mixtures were found to deviate from the ideal mixtures. The degree of deviations reaches the maximum at about x(ACN)=0.7 with the presence of both homogeneous clusters of pure IL/ACN and heterogeneous clusters of IL‐ACN. With the addition of ACN to IL, the mixtures undergo the transformation from “ACN solvated in [HOEmim][TFSI]” to “[HOEmim][TFSI] solvated in ACN”. It is found that the newly formed H‐bonding interactions between the IL and ACN is the main factor that contributes to the red shifts of O−H, C2−H, C4,5−H, and Calkyl−H of [HOEmim]+ cation, and the blue shifts of C−D, C≡N of ACN, and C−F, S=O of [TFSI]− anion. These in‐depth studies on the mixtures of hydroxyl‐functionalized IL and acetonitrile would help to understand the micro‐heterogeneity and H‐bonding interactions of miscible solutions and shed light on exploring their applications.
Therapeutic alliance in psychological therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Howard Ruth , Berry Katherine , Haddock Gillian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic alliance is a key element of successful therapy. Despite being particularly relevant in people with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), due to fear, mistrust and avoidance, there has not yet been a comprehensive systematic review of therapeutic alliance in this population. This review explored (a) variables which may predict alliance and (b) whether alliance predicts PTSD outcomes.MethodFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the review identified 34 eligible studies. Studies were subjected to a quality assessment. Predictors of alliance were considered in a narrative synthesis. Twelve studies were entered into a meta‐analysis of the association between therapeutic alliance and PTSD outcomes.ResultsThere was some evidence for individual variables including attachment, coping styles and psychophysiological variables predicting the alliance. Therapy variables did not predict alliance. The therapeutic alliance was found to significantly predict PTSD outcomes, with an aggregated effect size of r = −.34, across both in‐person and remote therapies.LimitationsIncluded studies were restricted to peer‐reviewed, English language studies. Quality of included studies was mostly rated weak to moderate, primarily reflecting issues with selection bias in this area of research.ConclusionsThis is the first review to demonstrate that therapeutic alliance is a consistent predictor of PTSD outcomes, in both in‐person and remote therapies, and the effect appears at least as strong as in other populations. This is of relevance to clinicians working with traumatized populations. The review identified a need for further research to determine variables predicting alliance in therapy for PTSD.
The usefulness of sustainable business models: Analysis from oil and gas industry
Authors: Basile Vincenzo , Capobianco Nunzia , Vona Roberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe management of offshore platforms at the end of their production phase is a complex issue for technological, socioeconomic, ecological and safety reasons. The decommissioning or reconversion of offshore platforms in the context of a circular economy (CE) will lead to new knowledge acquisition, changing values and changing behaviours towards sustainability consistent with the ‘new’ business objectives. Multiuse platforms at sea (MUPSs) represent an interesting solution for development of marine infrastructures, including areas in which to start and develop various creative economic activities that are in harmony with the needs of environmental protection including renewable energy, sea shellfish farming, decarbonisation plants, tourism, and recreation. Particularly, the research activity focused on a deep literature review of offshore platform decommissioning and sustainable business model (SBM) in a CE context. This allowed us to access the sustainable business model canvas (SBMC), a conceptual tool that represents a holistic view of the different managerial multiuse options and their social and environmental impacts. Besides, to test the SBMC, we adopt an empirical analysis by semi‐structured questionnaires given to a sample of stakeholders in the decommissioning industry. The methodology was enriched by interviews with key informants to better investigate the business ecosystem and the feasibility of decommissioning applied to the case of an Italian offshore platform located in the Adriatic Sea. This article aims to contribute to supporting SBMs development following a holistic approach in relationship with all stakeholders and propose a multi‐criteria decision‐making analysis for evaluating and comparing alternative decommissioning options.
High functional diversity in deep‐sea fish communities and increasing intraspecific trait variation with increasing latitude
Authors: Myers Elisabeth M. V. , Anderson Marti J. , Liggins Libby , Harvey Euan S. , Roberts Clive D. , Eme David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVariation in both inter‐ and intraspecific traits affects community dynamics, yet we know little regarding the relative importance of external environmental filters versus internal biotic interactions that shape the functional space of communities along broad‐scale environmental gradients, such as latitude, elevation, or depth. We examined changes in several key aspects of functional alpha diversity for marine fishes along depth and latitude gradients by quantifying intra‐ and interspecific richness, dispersion, and regularity in functional trait space. We derived eight functional traits related to food acquisition and locomotion and calculated seven complementary indices of functional diversity for 144 species of marine ray‐finned fishes along large‐scale depth (50–1200 m) and latitudinal gradients (29°–51° S) in New Zealand waters. Traits were derived from morphological measurements taken directly from footage obtained using Baited Remote Underwater Stereo‐Video systems and museum specimens. We partitioned functional variation into intra‐ and interspecific components for the first time using a PERMANOVA approach. We also implemented two tree‐based diversity metrics in a functional distance‐based context for the first time: namely, the variance in pairwise functional distance and the variance in nearest neighbor distance. Functional alpha diversity increased with increasing depth and decreased with increasing latitude. More specifically, the dispersion and mean nearest neighbor distances among species in trait space and intraspecific trait variability all increased with depth, whereas functional hypervolume (richness) was stable across depth. In contrast, functional hypervolume, dispersion, and regularity indices all decreased with increasing latitude; however, intraspecific trait variation increased with latitude, suggesting that intraspecific trait variability becomes increasingly important at higher latitudes. These results suggest that competition within and among species are key processes shaping functional multidimensional space for fishes in the deep sea. Increasing morphological dissimilarity with increasing depth may facilitate niche partitioning to promote coexistence, whereas abiotic filtering may be the dominant process structuring communities with increasing latitude.
Soil‐associated drivers of plant traits and functional composition in Atlantic Forest coastal tree communities
Authors: Lourenço Jehová , Newman Erica A. , Ventura José A. , Milanez Camilla Rozindo Dias , Thomaz Luciana Dias , Wandekoken Douglas Tinoco , Enquist Brian J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe severe deforestation of Brazil’s Atlantic Forest and the increasing effects of climate change underscore the need to understand how tree species respond to climate and edaphic factors. To identify the most important environmental drivers of coastal Atlantic Forest diversity and functional composition, we studied 42 plots of coastal Atlantic Forest (restinga), which has a high diversity of plant communities and spans strong environmental gradients. We examined how forest physiognomy and functional composition respond to changes in the environment, hydraulic, and soil properties. We tested different hypotheses relating the roles of nutrients and soil water availability in driving shifts in tropical forest diversity and functioning. We collected wood samples and leaves from ˜85% of the plant species identified in the forest inventory and estimated the community‐weighted tree height, aboveground biomass, basal area of individual plants, specific leaf area, wood density, and the total tree biomass per community by the sum of all trees’ aboveground biomass per plot. We measured water table depth and 24 physicochemical soil parameters. Hypotheses relating to these factors were formalized via both generalized additive models and piecewise structural equation models and null models of community assembly. Increasing drought, as reflected by increasing water table depth, coarse sand, and soil concentration of aluminum (>6 cmol/kg), was found to be a primary driver of shifts in all measured functional traits. Water table depth was found to be the main environmental driver of restinga species diversity, but shifts in species richness were largely decoupled from functional richness and functional dispersion. Our results suggest that decreases in soil water availability are a central driver of local phenotype–environment matching and that increasing water limitation increases the role of environmental filtering on multiple traits. Our results show that drought leads to a strong convergence (standardized effect size < −1.95) in forest function and leads to shifts to smaller statured forest in particular. These findings reveal important differences in the drivers of forest structure and functioning, suggesting that changes in local spatial variation in soil and moisture variables will be a central issue in restinga management and conservation.
Plant–animal interactions mediate climatic effects on selection on flowering time
Authors: Valdés Alicia , Ehrlén Johan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSelection on flowering time in plants is often mediated by multiple agents, including climatic conditions and the intensity of mutualistic and antagonistic interactions with animals. These selective agents can have both direct and indirect effects. For example, climate might not only influence phenotypic selection on flowering time directly by affecting plant physiology, but it can also alter selection indirectly by modifying the seasonal activity and relative timing of animals interacting with plants. We used 21 yr of data to identify the drivers of selection on flowering time in the perennial herbLathyrus vernus, and to examine if antagonistic plant–animal interactions mediate effects of climate on selection. We examined the fitness consequences of vertebrate grazing and predispersal seed predation, and how these effects varied among years and among individuals within years. Although both antagonistic plant–animal interactions had important negative effects on plant fitness, only grazing intensity was consistently related to plant phenology, being higher in early‐flowering individuals. Spring temperature influenced the intensity of both plant–animal interactions, as well as the covariance between seed predation and plant phenology. However, only differences in grazing intensity among years were associated with differences in selection on flowering time; the strength of selection for early flowering being stronger in years with lower mean intensity of grazing. Our results illustrate how climatic conditions can influence plant–animal interactions that are important selective agents for plant traits. A broader implication of our findings is that both ecological and evolutionary responses to climatic changes might be indirect, and largely mediated by species interactions.
Decomposing decomposition: isolating direct effects of temperature from other drivers of detrital processing
Authors: Wilmot Oliver J. , Hood James M. , Huryn Alexander D. , Benstead Jonathan P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the observed temperature dependence of decomposition (i.e., its "apparent" activation energy) requires separation of direct effects of temperature on consumer metabolism (i.e., the "inherent" activation energy) from those driven by indirect seasonal patterns in phenology and biomass, and by longer‐term, climate‐driven shifts in acclimation, adaptation, and community assembly. Such parsing is important because studies that relate temperature to decomposition usually involve multi‐season data and/or spatial proxies for long‐term shifts, and so incorporate these indirect factors. The various effects of such factors can obscure the inherent temperature dependence of detrital processing. Separating the inherent temperature dependence of decomposition from other drivers is important for accurate prediction of the contribution of detritus‐sourced greenhouse gases to climate warming and requires novel approaches to data collection and analysis. Here, we present breakdown rates of red maple litter incubated in coarse‐ and fine‐mesh litterbags (the latter excluding macroinvertebrates) for serial approximately one‐month increments over one year in nine streams along a natural temperature gradient (mean annual: 12.8°–16.4°C) from north Georgia to central Alabama, USA. We analyzed these data using distance‐based redundancy analysis and generalized additive mixed models to parse the dependence of decomposition rates on temperature, seasonality, and shredding macroinvertebrate biomass. Microbial decomposition in fine‐mesh bags was significantly influenced by both temperature and seasonality. Accounting for seasonality corrected the temperature dependence of decomposition rate from 0.25 to 0.08 eV. Shredder assemblage structure in coarse‐mesh bags was related to temperature across both sites and seasons, shifting from “cold” stonefly‐dominated communities to “warm” communities dominated by snails or crayfish. Shredder biomass was not a significant predictor of either coarse‐mesh or macroinvertebrate‐mediated (i.e., coarse‐ minus fine‐mesh) breakdown rates, which were also jointly influenced by temperature and seasonality. Unlike fine‐mesh bags, however, temperature dependence of litter breakdown did not differ between models with and without seasonality for either coarse‐mesh (0.36 eV) or macroinvertebrate‐mediated (0.13 eV) rates. We conclude that indirect (non‐thermal) seasonal and site‐level effects play a variable and potentially strong role in shaping the apparent temperature dependence of detrital breakdown. Such effects should be incorporated into studies designed to estimate inherent temperature dependence of slow ecological processes.
Preparation of Functionalized Ayous Sawdust‐carbon Nanotubes Composite for the Electrochemical Determination of Carbendazim Pesticide
Authors: Fozing Mekeuo Ghislaine Ariane , Despas Christelle , Péguy Nanseu‐Njiki Charles , Walcarius Alain , Ngameni Emmanuel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFine particles of Ayous sawdust (AS) were successfully modified by maleic anhydride to increase their accumulation capability towards carbendazim (Cbz). For a more efficient use of the biosourced material as electrode modifier for electrochemical detection, the functionalized particles were mixed with carbon nanotubes to yield a conductive composite. After electrochemical characterization, the modified GCE was applied to Cbz detection. A sensitivity of (2.61±0.08) μA M−1 and a detection limit of 0.04 μM were obtained under optimized experimental conditions. Moreover, the designed sensor was found efficient for Cbz determination in real samples (spring water and commercial pesticide product).