bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurological complications after pediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Arslanoğlu Ergin , Kara Kenan Abdurrahman , Yiğit Fatih , Arkan Cüneyt , Uslu Ufuk , Şavluk Ömer Faruk , Yılmaz Abdullah Arif , Tunçer Eylem , Çine Nihat , Ceyran Hakan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The number of pediatric patients who survive open-heart surgery has increased in recent years and the complications seen in this patient group continue to decrease with each technological advance, including new surgical and neuroprotective techniques and the improvement in surgeons’ experience with this patient population. However, neurological complications, which are the most feared and difficult to manage, require long-term follow-up, and increase hospital costs remain a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in this cohort.

Results
We evaluated the neurological physical examination, cranial computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MRI) records of 162 pediatric patients with neurological symptoms lasting more than 24 h after undergoing heart surgery in our clinic between June 2012 and May 2020. The patients’ ages ranged from 0 to 205 months, with a mean of 60.59 ± 46.44 months.
Of the 3849 pediatric cardiac surgery patients we screened, 162 had neurological complications in the early period (the first 10 days after surgery). The incidence was calculated as 4.2%; 69 patients (42.6%) experienced seizures, 17 (10.5%) experienced confusion, 39 (24.1%) had stupor, and 37 (22.8%) had hemiparesis. Of the patients who developed neurological complications, 54 (33.3%) died. Patients with neurological complications were divided into 3 groups: strokes (n = 90), intracranial bleeding (n = 37), and no radiological results (n = 35). Thirty-four patients (37.8%) in the stroke group died, as did 15 (40%) in the bleeding group, and 5 (14.3%) in the no radiological results group.

Conclusions
Studies on neurological complications after pediatric heart surgery in the literature are currently insufficient. We think that this study will contribute to a more detailed discussion of the issue. Responses to neurological events and treatment in the pediatric group may differ compared to the adult age group. Primary prevention methods should be the main approach in combating neurological complications; their formation mechanisms should be carefully monitored and preventive treatment strategies should be developed.
Role of hepatitis C virus core antigen assay in hepatitis C care in developing country
Authors: Kallala Ouafa , Kacem Saoussen , Fodha Imene , Pozzetto Bruno , Abdelhalim Trabelsi 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The World Health Organization (WHO) aims to achieve global hepatitis C elimination by 2030, defined as diagnosis of 90% of infected individuals and treating 80% of them. Current guidelines for the screening and diagnosis of hepatitis C infection denote using a relatively cheap screen with anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody immunoassay, followed by the much costlier molecular test for HCV RNA levels using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to confirm active HCV infection. Simplification of the HCV evaluation algorithm to reduce the number of required tests could considerably expand the provision of HCV treatment especially in a developing country. This study investigates the performance of hepatitis C Core Antigen (HCV Ag) test by comparing HCV Ag results versus the results obtained with HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) PCR which is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of HCV infection.

Results
Among the 109 anti-HCV positive sera, 96 were positive for both HCV Ag (> 3 fmol/L) and HCV RNA (> 15 IU/mL); 8 were negative for both tests, while the remaining 5 were positive for HCV RNA only. Considering the HCV RNA as gold standard; the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of HCV Ag test were found to be 95.05%, 100%, 100%, and 61.54%, respectively. HCV genotype was performed for 59 patients. The most common HCV genotype was genotype 1 (72.9%). Genotype 2 (15.3%) and genotype 3 (11.9%) were detected in the others samples. A high level of correlation was seen between HCV RNA and HCV Ag (r = 0.958, p < 0.001). The correlation for the samples that were genotyped 1 was significant (r = 0.966, p < 0.001).

Conclusion
In our study, it was found that there was strong correlation between HCV RNA levels and HCV Ag levels. So, it can be used for a one-step HCV antigen test to diagnose active HCV infection.
Inhibition of WEE1 Is Effective inTP53- andRAS-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Randomized Trial (FOCUS4-C) Comparing Adavosertib (AZD1775) With Active Monitoring
Authors: Seligmann Jenny F. , Fisher David J. , Brown Louise C. , Adams Richard A. , Graham Janet , Quirke Philip , Richman Susan D. , Butler Rachel , Domingo Enric , Blake Andrew , Yates Emma , Braun Michael , Collinson Fiona , Jones Rob , Brown Ewan , de Winton Emma , Humphrey Timothy C. , Parmar Mahesh , Kaplan Richard , Wilson Richard H. , Seymour Matthew , Maughan Timothy S. ,   on behalf of the FOCUS4 Trial Investigators
Published: September 2021

PURPOSEOutcomes in RAS-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remain poor and patients have limited therapeutic options. Adavosertib is the first small-molecule inhibitor of WEE1 kinase. We hypothesized that aberrations in DNA replication seen in mCRC with both RAS and TP53 mutations would sensitize tumors to WEE1 inhibition.METHODSPatients with newly diagnosed mCRC were registered into FOCUS4 and tested for TP53 and RAS mutations. Those with both mutations who were stable or responding after 16 weeks of chemotherapy were randomly assigned 2:1 between adavosertib and active monitoring (AM). Adavosertib (250 mg or 300 mg) was taken orally once on days 1-5 and days 8-12 of a 3-week cycle. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS), with a target hazard ratio (HR) of 0.5 and 80% power with a one-sided 0.025 significance level.RESULTSFOCUS4-C was conducted between April 2017 and Mar 2020 during which time 718 patients were registered; 247 (34%) were RAS/TP53-mutant. Sixty-nine patients were randomly assigned from 25 UK hospitals (adavosertib = 44; AM = 25). Adavosertib was associated with a PFS improvement over AM (median 3.61 v 1.87 months; HR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.18 to 0.68; P = .0022). Overall survival (OS) was not improved with adavosertib versus AM (median 14.0 v 12.8 months; HR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.44 to 1.94; P = .93). In prespecified subgroup analysis, adavosertib activity was greater in left-sided tumors (HR = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.51), versus right-sided (HR = 1.02; 95% CI, 0.41 to 2.56; interaction P = .043). Adavosertib was well-tolerated; grade 3 toxicities were diarrhea (9%), nausea (5%), and neutropenia (7%).CONCLUSIONIn this phase II randomized trial, adavosertib improved PFS compared with AM and demonstrates potential as a well-tolerated therapy for RAS/TP53-mutant mCRC. Further testing is required in this sizable population of unmet need.
Association Between Diabetes Mellitus and the Risk of Herpes Zoster: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Chun-Ta , Lee Chi-Yu , Sung Heng-You , Liu Shu-Jung , Liang Po-Chih , Tsai Ming-Chieh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Context
Individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) are susceptible to various infections.

Objective
We estimated the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) among individuals with DM compared with individuals in the general population.

Methods
We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and PerioPath databases from their inception to January 30, 2021, for studies on the risk of HZ in individuals with DM. Two authors independently screened all articles identified. The same 2 authors independently extracted the data. Four case-control studies and 12 cohort studies were included.

Results
Meta-analyses were performed using fixed and mixed-effects models. In the pooled analysis, individuals with DM had a higher risk of developing HZ (pooled relative risk [RR]: 1.38; 95% CI, 1.21-1.57) than individuals in the general population. The results were consistent in subgroup analyses stratified by type of diabetes, age, and study design. In individuals with DM, cardiovascular disease had an additive effect on increasing the risk of HZ (pooled RR: 1.19; 95% CI, 1.11-1.28). There was a linear dose-response association between age and the risk of HZ in individuals with DM.

Conclusion
Individuals with DM have an increased risk of HZ compared with the general population. Varicella vaccination should be provided to individuals with DM regardless of their age, prioritizing older adults and those with cardiovascular disease. Varicella vaccination policies for individuals with DM should be updated based on the evidence.
Changes of immune cells in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated by radiofrequency ablation and hepatectomy, a pilot study
Authors: Yu Zusheng , Li Guowei , Yu Hang , Asakawa Tetsuya 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this pilot study, we compared the dynamic changes of circulating immune cells between patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and hepatectomy. Seventy-three patients were enrolled in this study. Flow cytometry assay was performed to determine the immune cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) before treatment and on days 7, 14, and 28 after treatment. We found that in the RFA group, the circulating cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ cells, the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, and natural killer (NK) cells continued to increase, and the circulating CD8+ cells continued to decrease after the treatment. In contrast, in the surgery group, the circulating CD4+ cells and CD4+/CD8+ ratio decreased over the first seven postoperative days and then began to increase, and CD8+ cells decreased on the first 7 postoperative days and began to increase thereafter. The changes of immune cells in tumor tissues consisted of an increase in the number of CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells, CD3+ cells, and NK cells immediately after RFA. Our results show that postoperative immune function continued to improve after RFA, but after surgery, it decreased in the first week and started to improve thereafter. These findings are important for clinicians when selecting the appropriate therapy for HCC.
Narrowing the mindware gap in medicine
Authors: Croskerry Pat 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Medical error is now recognized as one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Of the medical errors, diagnostic failure appears to be the dominant contributor, failing in a significant number of cases, and associated with a high degree of morbidity and mortality. One of the significant contributors to diagnostic failure is the cognitive performance of the provider, how they think and decide about the process of diagnosis. This thinking deficit in clinical reasoning, referred to as a mindware gap, deserves the attention of medical educators. A variety of specific approaches are outlined here that have the potential to close the gap.
Habermas’ neue Phänomenologie des Geistes: Zwei Jahrhunderte nach Hegel
Authors: Benhabib Seyla 
Published: September 2021

AbstractJürgen Habermas’sopus magnum,Auch eine Geschichte der Philosophie, synthesises his impressive work of the last half century. His thesis is that the modern project of the normativity of “rational freedom” can be reconstructed as a learning process of the conflictual dialogue between reason and faith, philosophy and religion in the West. Furthermore, under conditions of a world society, cross-cultural communication across lifeworlds, based on such normative principles, is possible.I argue that Habermas’s argument recapitulates a claim first made inThe Phenomenology of Spiritby Hegel, who presented the normativity of modernity through a narrative unfolding between two epistemological standpoints, namely, that of consciousness and “we.” Just like Hegel, in order to defend the idea of aLernprozess, Habermas too must presuppose a unified subject called “we;” furthermore the development of such subjectivity unfolds in a homogeneous temporal process that is then assumed to be the same for all mankind.I call this a form of “historicism,” and juxtapose recent historical writing that presents the narrative of modernity and the emergence of world-society as a much more diverse and fractured process than Hegel’s and Habermas’s methodology. “Die Einbeziehung der Anderen,” I argue, must involve including the voices of those others who do not experience the normative of modernity as a process like the one unfolding between faith and reason in the West.Nevertheless, I conclude that this plea for a more complex narrative that “provincialises Europe,” (Dipesh Chakrabarty) is not a rejection of the normative legacy of modern rationality and freedom that are based on the ideals of fallibilism, refutability and revisability through a rational community of inquirers.
Die Stimmung des Willens
Authors: Noller Jörg 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper reconstructs Friedrich Schiller’s aesthetics from a compatibilist point of view. I shall argue that it is Schiller’s conception of individual self-determination that motivates his aesthetic critique of Kant’s moral philosophy. Schiller conceives of aesthetic self-determination in terms of a compatibilism between reason and nature. As such, Schiller’s aesthetics can be interpreted as an ontological category. His concepts of love, play and the aesthetic state must therefore be understood in terms of volitional structures that describe human freedom in nature, history and society.
Zum Begriff des Wertes in der Ethik Immanuel Kants
Authors: Salloch Sabine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The reference to “values” as normatively guiding structures is widespread in contemporary political and societal discussions. Values are expected to improve stability and provide ethical orientation in modern civilizations which are shaped by manifold cultural influences. At the same time values are often underdetermined, not well legitimized and difficult to interpret in concrete cases. The article takes up such appeals to “values” and contrasts them with Kant’s concept of moral value (in the singular). Moral value, according to Kant, remains dependent on the moral law as a formal procedure. Key issues for the understanding of moral value in Kant refer to overdetermined action and to the acquisition of maxims in life practice. An analysis of these aspects comes to the conclusion that the Kantian concept of moral value bypasses problems associated with the appeal to “values” and is promising for dealing with moral conflicts in modern societies.
Der Urteilsbegriff und Wissen aus zweiter Hand in der Ästhetik
Authors: Briesen Jochen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough the concept of judgment has been replaced by the concept of belief in many philosophical subdisciplines, it has retained its central role in aesthetics. This paper discusses the following explanation for this: In contrast to the concept of belief, the concept of judgment presupposes conscious and first-personal engagement with the object about which the judgment is being made, and this conscious and first-personal engagement with the object in question plays a more important role in aesthetics than in other domains.
Jargon, Bullshit, sinnlos
Authors: Beck Max 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Theodor W. Adorno’s Jargon of Authenticity (1964) is one of the bestknown, but also most controversial works of Critical Theory. Many philosophers, writers and editorialists have attacked the text in recent decades and accused Adorno of cultivating his own “jargon”. In his book, Adorno develops a critique of metaphysical and theological language, which he observed in Germany from the 1920s up to the 1960s. In my paper, I argue that the mode of critique Adorno deploys is still relevant today, even if its object has largely disappeared. This becomes clear in comparison to the language criticism of the analytical tradition, namely logical empiricism or Harry G. Frankfurt’s critique of “bullshit,” which are comparably more widespread today in academic debates. While Adorno examines linguistic expressions in terms of their social content and places them in a historical constellation, the critique of “bullshit” following Frankfurt remains constrained to a personal approach. In the language criticism of logical empiricism, on the other hand, the possibility of understanding linguistic phenomena as expressions of social conditions is still present. From this comparison, much can be learned for an up-to-date language criticism.
“Thanks in advance” – The negative effect of a polite phrase on compliance with a request
Authors: Bruttel Lisa , Nithammer Juri , Stolley Florian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the effect of the commonly used phrase “thanks in advance” on compliance with a small request. In a controlled laboratory experiment we ask participants to give a detailed answer to an open question. The treatment variable is whether or not they see the phrase “thanks in advance.” Our participants react to the treatment by exerting less effort in answering the request even though they perceive the phrase as polite.
Design and development of novel thiazole-sulfonamide derivatives as a protective agent against diabetic cataract in Wistar rats via inhibition of aldose reductase
Authors: Yin Liang , Zhang Mingxue , He Tiangeng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In recent years, ALR2 (aldose reductase) inhibitors have attracted attention for their effective ability to reduce the progression of diabetes-associated cataracts. Therefore, in the present article, we intended to develop novel thiazole-sulfonamide hybrids as a potent inhibitor of ALR2. These molecules significantly inhibited the ALR2 level in the rat lenses homogenate, where the most potent compound 7b showed activity comparable to sorbinil as standard. In Wistar rats, compound 7b improved the insulin level and body weight of the experimental animal together with a reduction in the glucose output. Compound 7b showed a significant reduction in the expression of ALR2 in rat lenses in western blot analysis.
Structure-based nomenclature for irregular linear, star, comb, and brush polymers (IUPAC Recommendations 2020)
Authors: Chen Jiazhong , Wilks Edward S. , Fradet Alain , Hellwich Karl-Heinz , Hiorns Roger C. , Nakano Tamaki , dos Santos Claudio G. , Theato Patrick 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The existing recommendations for the structure-based nomenclature of regular single-strand organic polymers are extrapolated to complex polymers. The key proposal is that polymeric moieties may be named substituents. The types of polymers covered include linear and branched polymers containing more than one block of a single type of constitutional repeating unit (CRU) and branched polymers containing a main chain from which one or more polymeric side chains emanate.
Central neuroinflammation in Covid-19: a systematic review of 182 cases with encephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and necrotizing encephalopathies
Authors: Zamani Raha , Pouremamali Rozhina , Rezaei Nima 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Growing evidence demonstrates the association of encephalitis, meningoencephalitis or encephalomyelitis, with SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study aims to determine the profile and possible mechanisms behind CNS inflammatory diseases in the context of Covid-19. We conducted a systematic review of case reports on Covid-19-related encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, acute necrotizing encephalitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in adults, published before January 2021. A total of 182 cases (encephalitis = 109, meningoencephalitis = 26, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis = 35, acute necrotizing (hemorrhagic) encephalitis = 12) were included. While cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and increased protein level was present in less than 50%, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) were abnormal in 78 and 93.2% of all cases, respectively. Viral particles were detected in cerebrospinal fluid of only 13 patients and autoantibodies were present in seven patients. All patients presented with altered mental status, either in the form of impaired consciousness or psychological/cognitive decline. Seizure, cranial nerve signs, motor, and reflex abnormalities were among associated symptoms. Covid-19-associated encephalitis presents with a distinctive profile requiring thorough diagnosis and thereby a comprehensive knowledge of the disease. The clinical profile of brain inflammation in Covid-19 exhibits majority of abnormal imaging and electroencephalography findings with mild/moderate pleocytosis or proteinorrhachia as prevalent as normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Oligoclonal bands and autoantibody assessments are useful in further evaluating neuro-covid patients, as supported by our pooled evidence. Despite the possibility that direct viral invasion cannot be easily estimated, it is still more likely that immune-mediated or autoimmune reactions play a more important role in SARS-CoV-2 neuroinflammation.
Thermal conversion of the hydrous aluminosilicate LiAlSiO3(OH)2 into γ-eucryptite
Authors: Gordeeva Alisa , Jenei Istvan Z. , Spektor Kristina , Vekilova Olga Yu. , Häussermann Ulrich 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
LiAlSiO3(OH)2 is a dense hydrous aluminosilicate which is formed from LiAlSiO4 glass in hydrothermal environments at pressures around 5 GPa. The OH groups are part of the octahedral Al and Li coordination. We studied the dehydration behavior of LiAlSiO3(OH)2 by a combination of TEM and multi-temperature PXRD experiments. Dehydration takes place in the temperature interval 350–400 °C. Above 700 °C LiAlSiO3(OH)2 is converted via a transient and possibly still slightly hydrous phase into γ-eucryptite which is a metastable and rarely observed polymorph of LiAlSiO4. Its monoclinic structure is built from corner-sharing LiO4, AlO4 and SiO4 tetrahedra. The ordered framework of AlO4 and SiO4 tetrahedra is topologically equivalent to that of cristobalite.
Der Digitale Zwilling kann auch steuern
Authors: Stach Mathias , Heinzler Stefan , Pfeifer Jürgen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Der Digitale Zwilling ist im Kontext der digitalen Transformation über sämtliche Branchen hinweg nicht mehr wegzudenken. Die Verknüpfung von digitalen, semantischen Modellen mit realen Zustandsdaten verspricht zahlreiche Anwendungsfälle und Potenziale für die industrielle Nutzung und ist die Grundlage für eine effiziente Planung, Optimierung, Steuerung und Analyse einer wandelbaren und flexiblen Produktion in Echtzeit.
Konzept einer Reklamationspriorisierungsmatrix für die KMU
Authors: Ranganath Suhas , Zürn Siegfried 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Die Zukunftsfähigkeit eines produzierenden Unternehmens hängt in hohem Maße von der Kundenzufriedenheit ab. Die Unzufriedenheit von Kunden mit der Reklamationsbearbeitung beruht dabei oft weniger auf der Qualität selbst, als auf Verzögerungen bei der Bearbeitung. Das vorgestellte Konzept liefert gerade für die KMU eine einfache Priorisierungstechnik für das Management von Qualitätsansprüchen von Kunden. Es konzentriert sich insbesondere auf die Implementierung der abgeleiteten Lösung, indem es eine explizite Bewertungsmethode für jeden der Priorisierungsfaktoren bereitstellt.