bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liberal International Relations Theory and the Military
Authors: Silverstone Scott A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile much of the study and practice of international relations is anchored in the centuries-old tradition of realism, this chapter explores the important contributions that another theoretical tradition, liberalism, has made to the study of international security and the role of military power. Emerging from Enlightenment beliefs about the rationality of individuals and the potential for progress in human affairs, liberal theories and policy ideas have focused on offering alternative means for states seeking security, alternatives that might break the endless competition and warfare that realists see as inevitable in an anarchic world. Liberal theories emphasize how rules and institutions can help self-interested states achieve mutual interests, they see economic interdependence as a potent incentive for states to avoid war, and they argue that democracies enjoy more peaceful relations with other democracies. The chapter traces the history of liberal international relations theory as it matured in response to the mass violence and chaos of the twentieth century, and it examines a number of examples – like European integration, the post-World War II global economic order, and the control of nuclear weapons – to showcase how liberal ideas in practice might reduce the dangers of war and enhance the prospects for global cooperation.
Making to Learn. The Pedagogical Implications of Making in a Digital Binary World
Authors: Ranieri Maria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMaking has always been at the center of pedagogical reflection, as testified by the emphasis on the principle oflearning by doing. Today, digital media and technologies provide more opportunities for expanding these concepts, given their potential to facilitate media production and creation. However, common practices in media-making in schools tend merely to emphasize the technical aspects—including the technical procedural skills, the creation of a product or the use of specific software—while overlooking the pedagogical dimensions associated with media-making processes. A reappraisal of the educational dimensions of making in the digital era may come from a reconceptualization of the relationship between manual and intellectual activities. Through the lens of Sennett’s understanding of craftsmanship, this chapter first explores the ways making and thinking can be set out in a single process that characterizes the human condition. Second, it explains how the Open Source Movement’s approach to software design is a sort of “digital craftsmanship” based on collaborative problem-solving, one that can inspire a renewed vision of thelearning by doingprinciple for the digital world. The chapter concludes with several considerations on the implications of such an approach for the future of schools.
Teaching Environmental Education Using an Augmented Reality World Map
Authors: Pyrini Anastasia Nancy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe aim of this short paper is to provide readers with a comprehensive lesson plan for elementary schools, which seeks to improve digital citizenship and competency in students and teachers, by fostering digital literacy skills through an augmented reality (AR) application. The lesson plan was developed within the framework of the “Digital, Responsible Citizenship in a Connected World (DRC)” project funded under Key Action 2: Cooperation for innovation and the exchange of good practices, part of the European Union’s Erasmus+program. The DRC project aims to infuse contemporary pedagogical practices into quality lifelong learning for students and teaching professionals, including teachers, school leaders and teacher educators, across Europe. Specifically, the project aims to improve digital citizenship and competency in students and teachers by fostering digital literacy skills through education.
Roboticsness—Gymnasium Mentis
Authors: Lisimberti Paola , Aprile Domenico 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRoboticsness is an innovative teaching/learning approach based on the European Digital Agenda. The Lego robotics classroom is a living lab where students and teachers work together and share the enthusiasm of finding solutions thanks to new technologies. Project work and prototypes are produced, but the main objective is to train new prosumers to anticipate and prepare for the needs of a complex world.
Educational Robotics and Social Relationships in the Classroom
Authors: Screpanti Laura , Cesaretti Lorenzo , Storti Michele , Scaradozzi David 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn a constructionist environment, robotics engagingly teaches traditional concepts, while applying them to compelling real-world problems. Educational robotics can help students develop soft skills, like teamwork, and improve the way they relate to each other. Researchers in different disciplines have devoted many efforts to exploring this dimension. One tool that may be useful for exploring the relational dimension of these activities is the sociogram. The case study reported in this paper presents findings from an experience which brought educational robotics, coding and tinkering to fourth graders in a primary school in Ancona (Italy). A questionnaire and a sociogram were administered to students, during curricular activities, before and after the project took place. The findings highlight some improvements in students’ relations, but more investigation is needed into the process of describing students’ relationships and their development in a project involving innovative methodologies and technology.
Analysis of Educational Robotics Activities Using a Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Cesaretti Lorenzo , Screpanti Laura , Scaradozzi David , Mangina Eleni 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the preliminary results of using machine learning techniques to analyze educational robotics activities. An experiment was conducted with 197 secondary school students in Italy: the authors updated Lego Mindstorms EV3 programming blocks to record log files with coding sequences students had designed in teams. The activities were part of a preliminary robotics exercise. We used four machine learning techniques—logistic regression, support-vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbors and random forests—to predict the students’ performance, comparing a supervised approach (using twelve indicators extracted from the log files as input for the algorithms) and a mixed approach (applying a k-means algorithm to calculate the machine learning features). The results showed that the mixed approach with SVM outperformed the other techniques, and that three predominant learning styles emerged from the data mining analysis.
Robotics in Education: A Smart and Innovative Approach to the Challenges of the 21st Century
Authors: Screpanti Laura , Miotti Beatrice , Monteriù Andrea 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRobotics in Education (RiE) is a broad term that refers to a variety of applications. Robots can enhance learning and teaching, but they can also help overcome impairments, whether physical or social. Even though the advantages of bringing new technologies into schools are clear, the lack of a well-established set of good practices, assessment of experiences, and tools slows down their adoption. This chapter aims to highlight the key points that emerge from the recent enhancements in RiE. First, the market and research are continuously developing new tools for school to try to meet needs and tailor products. Second, there is a wealth of formal and non-formal experiences, both in the literature and in school activities. Third, research is still validating tools and methodologies that will assess the impact of introducing robotics into education. Despite the wide availability of tools and experiences, there is still a certain degree of uncertainty about how to cope with technology in education and how to evaluate the outcomes of such activities. The increasing cross-pollination between schools and researchers from different fields is producing valuable experiences that will soon close the gap.
Erwhi Hedgehog: A New Learning Platform for Mobile Robotics
Authors: Bruno Giovanni di Dio 
Published: December 2021

AbstractErwhi Hedgehog is one of the smallest mobile robots. It enables mapping and vision analysis, and also displays machine learning features. Behaving like a small, curious animal, eager to explore the surroundings, the robot can be used to test navigation, mapping and localization algorithms, thus allowing the prototyping of new hardware and software for robotics. This application is particularly handy for educational robotics, at both high school and university level. On the one hand, the project is fully open source and open hardware under MIT license and available on Github, so everyone can build his/her own Erwhi Hedgehog robot with the aid of a step-by-step guide. On the other hand, students with more advanced knowledge can use it as a prototyping platform for developing new software programs and features. Erwhi uses Intel RealSense, AAEON UP Squared and Myriad X VPU technologies, with software based on the Robotic Operating System (ROS), and implements SLAM algorithms, such as RTAB-Map. The machine learning aspect is based on the OpenVINO framework and a dedicated ROS wrapper was used. The software package includes all the programs needed to create a Gazebo simulation. In terms of hardware, motor control is based on an STM32 microcontroller and the Arduino software, and the robot works on the differential drive unicycle model. Finally, Erwhi is compatible with AWS RoboMaker tools.
Study and Development of Robust Control Systems for Educational Drones
Authors: Corradini Maria Letizia , Ippoliti Gianluca , Orlando Giuseppe , Terramani Simone 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of attitude and altitude control of quadrotors using the sliding mode control theory. The mathematical model of the quadrotor is derived using the Euler-Newton formalism. The sliding-mode is applied to the Parrot Mambo minidrone, which is a strong example of bringing educational robotics to formal (MATLAB, Python, JavaScript), non-formal (Tynker, Blockly, Swift Playground) and informal education. The control considered shows good performance and enhanced robustness.
Good Educational Robotics Practices in Upper Secondary Schools in European Projects
Authors: Cantarini Marco , Polenta Rita 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the fields of MINT (mathematics, ICT, natural sciences, technology), there is an increasing lack of young talent throughout Europe. It is clear that early exposure to scientific experiences is the key to motivating young people, especially girls, to develop an interest in these fields. The Erasmus + MINT “Kits for Kids” project is a current initiative for the design and production of integrated learning units as open educational resources for primary school students, of which there is a real demand. The main themes are learning media for primary education, such as simple mechanical machines, computer software, electrical appliances and related learning material. Our product, R4G—Robot for Geometry, is a device that can be used to teach mathematics, geometry and fractions. The aim is to improve performance and motivation from primary school level, using interactive and innovative teaching methods and tools. A second project, named EUWI—European Waste Investigation, is currently in progress, whose aim is to investigate water and pollution in the countries involved in the partnership.
Assistive Robot for Mobility Enhancement of Impaired Students for Barrier-Free Education: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Freddi Alessandro , Giaconi Catia , Iarlori Sabrina , Longhi Sauro , Monteriù Andrea , Pagnotta Daniele Proietti 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSmart wheelchairs are in the category of assistive robots, which interact physically and/or non-physically with people with physical disabilities to extend their autonomy. Smart wheelchairs are assistive robots that enhance mobility, and can be especially useful for improving access to university premises. This paper proposes a smart wheelchair that can be integrated with an academic management system to enable students who have serious leg problems and cannot walk on their own to reach any academic building or room on a university campus autonomously. The proposed smart wheelchair receives information from the academic management system about the spaces on campus, the lesson schedule, the office hours of lecturers, and so on. Students can select the desired task from the user interface. The smart wheelchair can then guide the student autonomously to the desired point of interest, while planning the best barrier-free route inside the campus/building and, simultaneously, avoiding fixed and moving obstacles. The assistive robot has localization and navigation capabilities, which allow students to move about campus freely and autonomously, and benefit from a barrier-free education.
Child Friendly Architectures. Design Spaces for Children and Adolescents
Authors: d’Annuntiis Marco , Cipolletti Sara 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the educational and laboratory experience of the course entitled “Child Friendly Architectures”, taught during the 2019 academic year at the School of Architecture and Design (SAAD) of the University of Camerino, in collaboration with UNICEF Italia. The training course is the first in Italy to build a dialogue between the discipline of architecture and the protection and promotion of children and adolescents’ rights. The course was offered to the university’s students and was structured as two modules. In a series of training seminars, the first module, Teaching Activity, addressed the design of spaces for children and adolescents while looking closely at good practices and case studies. The second module, Application Activity, was a practical laboratory which guided students in a participatory process of planning. The students experimented with reading and planning a specific context in which they live, using specially structured tools and methods. The Child Friendly Architectures training course theorizes a way of thinking about the design of spaces for children and adolescents, taking into consideration their rights, and promoting the learning of tools, design techniques and new technologies. The competences involved in participatory planning—which can be learned—strengthen team work through important networking and listening opportunities. This helps young people to develop a critical awareness of children and adolescents’ rights, and the quality of the spaces dedicated to them.
Biometric and Non-biometric Integration: Dual Use Dilemmas
Authors: Smith Marcus , Miller Seumas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiometric identification is now closely integrated with other forms of data, data systems and communications technologies, such as smartphones, metadata and social media, and as the key security feature on smartphones, and by extension, social media accounts, online profiles and identity. For this reason, we consider the interaction between biometric and other forms of identification data, and data systems, building upon the consideration of the main biometrics in the first three chapters. We begin with a general discussion of data systems and integration. This is followed by a discussion of the interrelationship with biometrics, and broader significance of, metadata, smartphone applications and social media. In combination with biometric identification technologies, these provide detailed insights into individuals’ activities and behaviours. The ethical analysis in this chapter focuses on dual use dilemmas. Roughly speaking, dual use dilemmas in science and technology arise in virtue of the fact that such science and technology can be used to greatly benefit humankind, but also, unfortunately, to cause great harm to humankind. Consider, for instance, nuclear science and technology. It can be used as a cheap and peaceful energy source, or to build nuclear weapons. Similarly, facial recognition technology could be used by police only to track persons guilty of serious crimes; or it could be used to monitor ordinary citizens’ behaviour by an authoritarian government.
The Future of Biometrics and Liberal Democracy
Authors: Smith Marcus , Miller Seumas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe first part of this chapter considers future biometrics, with a focus on second generation biometrics that measure physiological patterns. The second discusses the potential biometric future – how the use of biometrics, data and algorithms more broadly, could be used by governments to regulate social and economic interactions. This discussion will draw on the development of credit systems, from those used in commercial online platforms to rate the performance of providers and users, to the more integrated and all-encompassing social credit system (SCS) implemented in China, as an example of a potential future development in liberal democratic countries. Finally, we discuss the key features of liberal democratic theory and how biometric and related technological developments may change governance in western democracies. While we briefly mention some relevant developments in the private sector, our main focus will be on the relationship between liberal democratic governments and their security agencies, on the one hand, and their citizenry, on the other. We describe in general terms how liberal democracies might respond to these new technologies in a manner that preserves their benefits without unduly compromising established liberal democratic institutions, principles and values. Accordingly, we seek to offer a response to some of the dual use ethical dilemmas posed by biometrics, albeit in general terms.
One-loop masses of Neumann-Dirichlet open strings and boundary-changing vertex operators
Authors: Coudarchet Thibaut , Partouche Hervé 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We derive the masses acquired at one loop by massless scalars in the Neumann-Dirichlet sector of open strings, when supersymmetry is spontaneously broken. It is done by computing two-point functions of “boundary-changing vertex operators” inserted on the boundaries of the annulus and Möbius strip. This requires the evaluation of correlators of “excited boundary-changing fields,” which are analogous to excited twist fields for closed strings. We work in the type IIB orientifold theory compactified on T2× T4/ℤ2, where $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetry is broken to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 0 by the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism implemented along T2. Even though the full expression of the squared masses is complicated, it reduces to a very simple form when the lowest scale of the background is the supersymmetry breaking scale M3/2. We use our results to analyze in this regime the stability at the quantum level of the moduli fields arising in the Neumann-Dirichlet sector. This completes the study of ref. [32], where the quantum masses of all other types of moduli arising in the open- or closed-string sectors are derived. Ultimately, we identify all brane configurations that produce backgrounds without tachyons at one loop and yield an effective potential exponentially suppressed, or strictly positive with runaway behavior of M3/2.
De sitter magnetic black hole dipole with a supersymmetric horizon
Authors: Astesiano Davide , Cacciatori S.L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We find a new non BPS solution in N = 2 D = 4 gauged supergravity coupled to U(1) gauge fields and matter. It consists in a closed universe with two extremal black holes of equal size, surrounding two singularities. They have opposite magnetic charges (and no electric charges), but stay in static equilibrium thanks to the positive pressure of a cosmological constant. The geometry is perfectly symmetric under the exchange of the black holes and the flip of the sign of the charges. However the scalar field is non constant and non symmetric, with different values at the horizons, which depend on a real modulus. Remarkably we show that it satisfies the attractor mechanism and the entropy indeed depends only on the magnetic charges. At one of the horizons the solution becomes $$ \frac{1}{2} $$

1
2

-BPS supersymmetric, while at the other one there is no supersymmetry, but the entropy remains independent from the scalar modulus.
Spatial tuning of translational optic flow responses in hawkmoths of varying body size
Authors: Grittner Rebecca , Baird Emily , Stöckl Anna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo safely navigate their environment, flying insects rely on visual cues, such as optic flow. Which cues insects can extract from their environment depends closely on the spatial and temporal response properties of their visual system. These in turn can vary between individuals that differ in body size. How optic flow-based flight control depends on the spatial structure of visual cues, and how this relationship scales with body size, has previously been investigated in insects with apposition compound eyes. Here, we characterised the visual flight control response limits and their relationship to body size in an insect with superposition compound eyes: the hummingbird hawkmoth Macroglossum stellatarum. We used the hawkmoths’ centring response in a flight tunnel as a readout for their reception of translational optic flow stimuli of different spatial frequencies. We show that their responses cut off at different spatial frequencies when translational optic flow was presented on either one, or both tunnel walls. Combined with differences in flight speed, this suggests that their flight control was primarily limited by their temporal rather than spatial resolution. We also observed strong individual differences in flight performance, but no correlation between the spatial response cutoffs and body or eye size.
Low level of interobserver concordance in assessing histological subtype and tumor grade in patients with penile cancer may impair patient care
Authors: Dorofte Luiza , Grélaud Diane , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Giunchi Francesca , Ricci Costantino , Franceschini Tania , Riefolo Mattia , Davidsson Sabina , Carlsson Jessica , Lillsunde Larsson Gabriella , Karlsson Mats G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDifferentiation between penile squamous cell carcinoma patients who can benefit from limited organ-sparing surgery and those at significant risk of lymph node metastasis is based on histopathological prognostic factors including histological grade and tumor histological subtype. We examined levels of interobserver and intraobserver agreement in assessment of histological subtype and grade in 207 patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma. The cases were assessed by seven pathologists from three hospitals located in Sweden and Italy. There was poor to moderate concordance in assessing both histological subtype and grade, with Fleiss kappas of 0.25 (range: 0.02–0.48) and 0.23 (range: 0.07–0.55), respectively. When choosing HPV-associated and non-HPV-associated subtypes, interobserver concordance ranged from poor to good, with a Fleiss kappa value of 0.36 (range: 0.02–0.79). A re-review of the slides by two of the pathologists showed very good intraobserver concordance in assessing histological grade and subtype, with Cohen’s kappa values of 0.94 and 0.91 for grade and 0.95 and 0.84 for subtype. Low interobserver concordance could lead to undertreatment and overtreatment of many patients with penile cancer, and brings into question the utility of tumor histological subtype and tumor grade in determining patient treatment in pT1 tumors.