bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VR modernism: the newest technological solutions for urban development and preservation of cultural heritage
Authors: Fadeeva T E , Staruseva-Persheeva A D , Davidov D G 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Modern urban studies are developing in an inextricable connection with sociology and economic theory, since the city is thought of as a “machine” that summarizes all the processes taking place in society and, accordingly, through the development of cities, it is possible to solve such pressing issues as inequality, growth of crime, etc. However, no less important is the issue of the “organic integrity” of cities, which implies a careful treatment of a variety of buildings, including those that seem technologically and aesthetically outdated. This article highlights the basic contradiction between two approaches to urban planning: the pursuit of constant innovation and the desire to preserve the diversity of urban development. Virtual reality is becoming one of the most effective tools for solving issues of the city care today. The article will analyze international experience, demonstrating how the design of new buildings is carried out with the help of VR technologies and the work is carried out to preserve the cultural and historical heritage.
Mediterranean city: constructing a social attractor (the example of Barcelona)
Authors: Chikharev I A , Tikunova I N , Fedorova E A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper analyzes the experience of Barcelona in constructing a city as a social attractor, an area to which the global socio-economic system gravitates. The role of positive changes in the urban environment, the introduction of intelligent technologies of urban management, linking the city with global flows in ensuring the attractiveness of the Mediterranean city are consistently analyzed. The authors define the fundamental structure of the Mediterranean urban attractor, including openness and accessibility of the sea, internal and external transport accessibility, comfortable urban environment, introduction of smart city technologies and connectivity with the global economy.
Social risk management in nuclear cities: ROSATOM experience
Authors: Polosin A V , Chikharev I A , Ganat S A , Rzhepishevskaya A B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The article examines the activities of the State Atomic Energy Corporation “Rosatom” on the implementation of social projects in the cities where nuclear facilities are located and improving the quality of territory management. The factors of social and political risk for the implementation of the programs of the State Corporation “Rosatom” for the development of nuclear cities are given. Possible methods for managing political risks in nuclear cities are presented.
Transformation of the scientific, technical and industrial complex of municipalities as a factor in ensuring the technological sovereignty of Russia
Authors: Polosin A V , Chikharev I A , Samoilova E S , Medvedev V V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The country’s economic stability and security, overcoming the consequences of the economic crisis, as well as comprehensive regional development are closely related to the preservation and further development of our own industrial, scientific and technical complexes. The introduction of the concept of technological sovereignty, as well as the definition of a set of measures to achieve it, are necessary steps towards sustainable development and security of the state. In scientific research, much attention has been paid to the problem of modernizing industrial production through the introduction of advanced innovative and technical innovations, but at the same time, the issue of ensuring the technological and component independence of domestic production has not been sufficiently studied. The practical significance of the results of the work lies in the possibility of applying the formulated conclusions and recommendations in the practical activities of the subjects of regional infrastructure, as well as in the possibility of their application by the authorities in the formation of regional economic policy for the development of the scientific, technical and industrial complex in the context of all its components in order to ensure the sustainability of the economic growth of each territory.
The role of external focusing in spectral enrichment under mid-IR laser filamentation in dielectrics
Authors: Lvov Kirill , Stremoukhov Sergey , Potemkin Fedor 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report on the numerical investigation of spectral enrichment under mid-infrared (4.4 μm) laser filamentation in CaF2 and the influence of the external focusing on this nonlinear phenomenon. It is shown that the supercontinuum generation is related to the rapid free-electron increase and appears when nonlinear and diffraction lengths are practically the same. With further pulse propagation, the anti-Stokes wing (ASW) is formed which is caused by the pulse splitting. Looser focusing leads to pulse splitting be closer to the point of supercontinuum formation along the propagation axis. The ASW experiences a red-shift when external focusing is applied due to increased free-electron density.
Impact of COVID-19 on care-home mortality and life expectancy in Scotland
Authors: Burton Jennifer K , Reid Martin , Gribben Ciara , Caldwell David , Clark David N , Hanlon Peter , Quinn Terence J , Fischbacher Colin , Knight Peter , Guthrie Bruce , McAllister David A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
COVID-19 deaths are commoner among care-home residents, but the mortality burden has not been quantified.

Methods
Care-home residency was identified via a national primary care registration database linked to mortality data. Life expectancy was estimated using Makeham–Gompertz models to (i) describe yearly life expectancy from November 2015 to October 2020 (ii) compare life expectancy (during 2016–18) between care-home residents and the wider population and (iii) apply care-home life expectancy estimates to COVID-19 death counts to estimate years of life lost (YLL).

Results
Among care-home residents, life expectancy in 2015/16 to 2019/20 ranged from 2.7 to 2.3 years for women and 2.3 to 1.8 years for men. Age–sex-specific life expectancy in 2016–18 in care-home residents was lower than in the Scottish population (10 and 2.5 years in those aged 70 and 90, respectively). Applying care home-specific life expectancies to COVID-19 deaths yield mean YLLs for care-home residents of 2.6 and 2.2 for women and men, respectively. In total YLL care-home residents have lost 3,560 years in women and 2,046 years in men. Approximately half of deaths and a quarter of YLL attributed to COVID-19 were accounted for by the 5% of over-70s who were care-home residents.

Conclusion
COVID-19 infection has led to the loss of substantial years of life in care-home residents aged 70 years and over in Scotland. Prioritising the 5% of older adults who are care-home residents for vaccination is justified not only in terms of total deaths, but also in terms of YLL.
Developing a UK sarcopenia registry: recruitment and baseline characteristics of the SarcNet pilot
Authors: Witham Miles D , Heslop Philip , Dodds Richard M , Clegg Andrew P , Hope Suzy V , McDonald Claire , Smithard David , Storey Bryony , Tan Ai Lyn , Thornhill Anna , Sayer Avan A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
sarcopenia registries are a potential method to meet the challenge of recruitment to sarcopenia trials. We tested the feasibility of setting up a UK sarcopenia registry, the feasibility of recruitment methods and sought to characterise the pilot registry population.

Methods
six diverse UK sites took part, with potential participants aged 65 and over approached via mailshots from local primary care practices. Telephone pre-screening using the SARC-F score was followed by in-person screening and baseline visit. Co-morbidities, medications, grip strength, Short Physical Performance Battery, bioimpedance analysis, Geriatric Depression Score, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Sarcopenia Quality of Life score were performed and permission sought for future recontact. Descriptive statistics for recruitment rates and baseline measures were generated; an embedded randomised trial examined the effect of a University logo on the primary care mailshot on recruitment rates.

Results
sixteen practices contributed a total of 3,508 letters. In total, 428 replies were received (12% response rate); 380 underwent telephone pre-screening of whom 215 (57%) were eligible to attend a screening visit; 150 participants were recruited (40% of those pre-screened) with 147 contributing baseline data. No significant difference was seen in response rates between mailshots with and without the logo (between-group difference 1.1% [95% confidence interval −1.0% to 3.4%], P = 0.31). The mean age of enrollees was 78 years; 72 (49%) were women. In total, 138/147 (94%) had probable sarcopenia on European Working Group on Sarcopenia 2019 criteria and 145/147 (98%) agreed to be recontacted about future studies.

Conclusion
recruitment to a multisite UK sarcopenia registry is feasible, with high levels of consent for recontact.
Prediction of ventricular arrhythmia in phospholamban p.Arg14del mutation carriers–reaching the frontiers of individual risk prediction
Authors: Verstraelen Tom E , van Lint Freyja H M , Bosman Laurens P , de Brouwer Remco , Proost Virginnio M , Abeln Bob G S , Taha Karim , Zwinderman Aeilko H , Dickhoff Cathelijne , Oomen Toon , Schoonderwoerd Bas A , Kimman Gerardus P , Houweling Arjan C , Gimeno-Blanes Juan R , Asselbergs Folkert W , van der Zwaag Paul A , de Boer Rudolf A , van den Berg Maarten P , van Tintelen J Peter , Wilde Arthur A M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Aims
This study aims to improve risk stratification for primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation by developing a new mutation-specific prediction model for malignant ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in phospholamban (PLN) p.Arg14del mutation carriers. The proposed model is compared to an existing PLN risk model.

Methods and results
Data were collected from PLN p.Arg14del mutation carriers with no history of malignant VA at baseline, identified between 2009 and 2020. Malignant VA was defined as sustained VA, appropriate ICD intervention, or (aborted) sudden cardiac death. A prediction model was developed using Cox regression. The study cohort consisted of 679 PLN p.Arg14del mutation carriers, with a minority of index patients (17%) and male sex (43%), and a median age of 42 years [interquartile range (IQR) 27–55]. During a median follow-up of 4.3 years (IQR 1.7–7.4), 72 (10.6%) carriers experienced malignant VA. Significant predictors were left ventricular ejection fraction, premature ventricular contraction count/24 h, amount of negative T waves, and presence of low-voltage electrocardiogram. The multivariable model had an excellent discriminative ability {C-statistic 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78–0.88]}. Applying the existing PLN risk model to the complete cohort yielded a C-statistic of 0.68 (95% CI 0.61–0.75).

Conclusion
This new mutation-specific prediction model for individual VA risk in PLN p.Arg14del mutation carriers is superior to the existing PLN risk model, suggesting that risk prediction using mutation-specific phenotypic features can improve accuracy compared to a more generic approach.
Conversion-Type and Restoration-Type Repair of DNA Mismatches Formed During Meiotic Recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kirkpatrick David T , Dominska Margaret , Petes Thomas D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Meiotic recombination in yeast is associated with heteroduplex formation. Heteroduplexes formed between nonidentical DNA strands contain DNA mismatches, and most DNA mismatches in wild-type strains are efficiently corrected. Although some patterns of mismatch correction result in non-Mendelian segregation of the heterozygous marker (gene conversion), one predicted pattern of correction (restoration-type repair) results in normal Mendelian segregation. Using a yeast strain in which a marker leading to a well-repaired mismatch is flanked by markers that lead to poorly repaired mismatches, we present direct evidence for restoration-type repair in yeast. In addition, we find that the frequency of tetrads with conversion-type repair is higher for a marker at the 5′ end of the HIS4 gene than for a marker in the middle of the gene. These results suggest that the ratio of conversion-type to restoration-type repair may be important in generating gradients of gene conversion (polarity gradients).
Molecular Analysis of pcc1, a Gene That Leads to A-Regulated Sexual Morphogenesis in Coprinus cinereus
Authors: Murata Yukio , Fujii Motohiro , Zolan Miriam E , Kamada Takashi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A homokaryotic strain (5337) in our culture stock of Coprinus cinereus produced fertile fruit bodies after prolonged culture. Microscopic examination revealed that hyphae dedifferentiated from the tissues of one of the fruit bodies, as well as all basidiospore derivatives from the fruit body, exhibited pseudoclamps, whereas vegetative hyphae of 5337, from which the fruit body developed, had no clamp connections. Genetic analysis showed that the formation of pseudoclamps results from a recessive mutation in a gene designated pcc1 (pseudoclamp connection formation), which is distinct from the A and B mating type genes. Cloning and sequencing of the pcc1 gene and cDNA identified an ORF of 1683 bp interrupted by one intron. Database searches revealed that pcc1 encodes an SRY-type HMG protein. The HMG box shared 44, 41, and 29% sequence identities (&gt;80 amino acids) to those of FPR1 of Podospora anserina, MAT-Mc of Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and prf1 of Ustilago maydis, respectively. Northern analysis revealed that the level of pcc1 expression is higher in the dikaryon, in homokaryons in which the A and B mating type developmental sequences are individually activated, than in the homokaryon in which these sequences are not active. Sequencing of the pcc1-1 mutant allele revealed that the mutant carries a nonsense mutation at serine 211, a residue located between the HMG box and the C terminus. Based on these results, possible roles of the pcc1 gene in the sexual development of homobasidiomycetes are discussed.
Wolbachia Transfer from Drosophila melanogaster into D. simulans: Host Effect and Cytoplasmic Incompatibility Relationships
Authors: Poinsot Denis , Bourtzis Kostas , Markakis George , Savakis Charalambos , Merçot Hervé 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWolbachia are maternally transmitted endocellular bacteria causing a reproductive incompatibility called cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in several arthropod species, including Drosophila. CI results in embryonic mortality in incompatible crosses. The only bacterial strain known to infect Drosophila melanogaster (wDm) was transferred from a D. melanogaster isofemale line into uninfected D. simulans isofemale lines by embryo microinjections. Males from the resulting transinfected lines induce &gt;98% embryonic mortality when crossed with uninfected D. simulans females. In contrast, males from the donor D. melanogaster line induce only 18–32% CI on average when crossed with uninfected D. melanogaster females. Transinfected D. simulans lines do not differ from the D. melanogaster donor line in the Wolbachia load found in the embryo or in the total bacterial load of young males. However, &gt;80% of cysts are infected by Wolbachia in the testes of young transinfected males, whereas only 8% of cysts are infected in young males from the D. melanogaster donor isofemale line. This difference might be caused by physiological differences between hosts, but it might also involve tissue-specific control of Wolbachia density by D. melanogaster. The wDm-transinfected D. simulans lines are unidirectionally incompatible with strains infected by the non-CI expressor Wolbachia strains wKi, wMau, or wAu, and they are bidirectionally incompatible with strains infected by the CI-expressor Wolbachia strains wHa or wNo. However, wDm-infected males do not induce CI toward females infected by the CI-expressor strain wRi, which is found in D. simulans continental populations, while wRi-infected males induce partial CI toward wDm-infected females. This peculiar asymmetrical pattern could reflect an ongoing divergence between the CI mechanisms of wRi and wDm. It would also confirm other results indicating that the factor responsible for CI induction in males is distinct from the factor responsible for CI rescue in females.
Overexpression Beadex Mutations and Loss-of-Function heldup-a Mutations in Drosophila Affect the 3′ Regulatory and Coding Components, Respectively, of the Dlmo Gene
Authors: Shoresh Michal , Orgad Sara , Shmueli Orit , Werczberger Ruth , Gelbaum Dana , Abiri Shirly , Segal Daniel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
LIM domains function as bridging modules between different members of multiprotein complexes. We report the cloning of a LIM-containing gene from Drosophila, termed Dlmo, which is highly homologous to the vertebrate LIM-only (LMO) genes. The 3′ untranslated (UTR) of Dlmo contains multiple motifs implicated in negative post-transcriptional regulation, including AT-rich elements and Brd-like boxes. Dlmo resides in polytene band 17C1-2, where Beadex (Bx) and heldup-a (hdp-a) mutations map. We demonstrate that Bx mutations disrupt the 3′UTR of Dlmo, and thereby abrogate the putative negative control elements. This results in overexpression of Dlmo, which causes the wing scalloping that is typical of Bx mutants. We show that the erect wing phenotype of hdp-a results from disruption of the coding region of Dlmo. This provides molecular grounds for the suppression of the Bx phenotype by hdp-a mutations. Finally, we demonstrate phenotypic interaction between the LMO gene Dlmo, the LIM homeodomain gene apterous, and the Chip gene, which encodes a homolog of the vertebrate LIM-interacting protein NLI/Ldb1. We propose that in analogy to their vertebrate counterparts, these proteins form a DNA-binding complex that regulates wing development.
Regulation of Gene Expression During the Vegetative Incompatibility Reaction in Podospora anserina: Characterization of Three Induced Genes
Authors: Bourges Nathalie , Groppi Alexis , Barreau Christian , Clavé Corinne , Bégueret Joël 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Vegetative incompatibility in fungi limits the formation of viable heterokaryons. It results from the coexpression of incompatible genes in the heterokaryotic cells and leads to a cell death reaction. In Podospora anserina, a modification of gene expression takes place during this reaction, including a strong decrease of total RNA synthesis and the appearance of a new set of proteins. Using in vitro translation of mRNA and separation of protein products by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we have shown that the mRNA content of cells is qualitatively modified during the progress of the incompatibility reaction. Thus, gene expression during vegetative incompatibility is regulated, at least in part, by variation of the mRNA content of specific genes. A subtractive cDNA library enriched in sequences preferentially expressed during incompatibility was constructed. This library was used to identify genomic loci corresponding to genes whose mRNA is induced during incompatibility. Three such genes were characterized and named idi genes for genes induced during incompatibility. Their expression profiles suggest that they may be involved in different steps of the incompatibility reaction. The putative IDI proteins encoded by these genes are small proteins with signal peptides. IDI-2 protein is a cysteine-rich protein. IDI-2 and IDI-3 proteins display some similarity in a tryptophan-rich region.
The Male-Determining Activity on the Y Chromosome of the Housefly (Musca domestica L.) Consists of Separable Elements
Authors: Hediger Monika , Minet Ariane Denise , Niessen Markus , Schmidt Regula , Hilfiker-Kleiner Denise , Çakır Şükran , Nöthiger Rolf , Dübendorfer Andreas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the common housefly, the presence or absence of a male-determining factor, M, is responsible for sex determination. In different strains, M has been found on the Y, on the X, or on any of the five autosomes. By analyzing a Y-autosomal translocation and a ring-shaped, truncated Y chromosome, we could show that M on the Y consists of at least two regions with M activity: One of them can be assigned to the short arm of the Y chromosome (MYS), which is largely C-banding negative, the other region lies on the C-banding positive long arm of the Y, including the centromeric part (MYL). Each region alone behaves as a hypomorphic M factor, causing many carriers to develop as intersexes of the mosaic type instead of as males. When introduced into the female germ line by transplantation of progenitor germ cells (pole cells), the MYS shows an almost complete maternal effect that predetermines 96% of the genotypic female (NoM) animals to develop as males. In contrast, the MYL has largely lost its maternal effect, and most of the NoM animals develop as females. Increasing the amount of product made by either of the two hypomorphic M factors (by combining the MYS and MYL or two MYS) leads to complete male development in almost every case. We thus assume that the Y chromosome carries at least two copies of M, and that these are functionally equivalent.
Relative Paucity of Genes Causing Inviability in Hybrids Between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans
Authors: Coyne Jerry A , Simeonidis Simos , Rooney Peggy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Using deficiencies from Drosophila melanogaster, we looked for genomic regions in the sister species D. simulans that could cause lethality when hemizygous on a hybrid genetic background. Such genotypes allow hemizygous genes from one species to interact with heterozygous genes from other species and may correspond to the kinds of genotypes causing Haldane’s rule, the observation that if only one gender is sterile or inviable in species hybrids, it is nearly always the heterogametic sex. A survey of roughly 50% of the D. simulans genome (114 chromosome regions) revealed only four regions causing hybrid lethality and five causing severe reductions in hybrid viability. However, the viability of all of these genotypes was at least partially restored by rearing hybrids at lower temperature or using different genetic backgrounds from D. simulans. We therefore detected no D. simulans chromosome regions causing unconditional hybrid lethality, although several regions were shown to be deleterious under most tested temperatures and genetic backgrounds. The relative paucity of “inviability genes” supports the idea, suggested by work on other species, that hybrid inviability between closely related species might be caused by interactions among relatively few genes, while hybrid sterility may involve many more loci.
Embryonic Lethality and Tumorigenesis Caused by Segmental Aneuploidy on Mouse Chromosome 11
Authors: Liu Pentao , Zhang Heju , McLellan Andrew , Vogel Hannes , Bradley Allan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chromosome engineering in mice enables the construction of models of human chromosomal diseases and provides key reagents for genetic studies. To begin to define functional information for a small portion of chromosome 11, deficiencies, duplications, and inversions were constructed in embryonic stem cells with sizes ranging from 1 Mb to 22 cM. Two deficiencies and three duplications were established in the mouse germline. Mice with a 1-Mb duplication developed corneal hyperplasia and thymic tumors, while two different 3- to 4-cM deficiencies were embryonically lethal in heterozygous mice. A duplication corresponding to one of these two deficiencies was able to rescue its haplolethality.