bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Zinc Oxide in a Public Healthcare Organization in Riyadh Region
Authors: Ahmad Nehad J. , Ansari Mohammad Javed 
Published: December 2021

Aim: The present study aimed to describe the use of zinc oxide in a public healthcare organization in Riyadh Region.
Methodology: This is a retrospective study that includes reviewing the electronic prescriptions of zinc oxide among outpatients in a public healthcare organization in Riyadh Region.
Results: More than 52% of the patients who received zinc oxide were males and the age of 79.41% of them was less than 10 years. More than 55% of the patients received zinc oxide for 1 week and 17.65% of them received zinc oxide for 2 weeks. All of the prescriptions were prescribed by residents (100.00%). Most of the prescriptions were written by emergency department (76.47%).
Conclusion: The present study showed that zinc oxide was uncommonly prescribed in Al-Kharj. Additional studies are needed to explore the frequency of and the pattern of using it in different settings.
Grammar in Academic Writing
Authors: Shaw Philip M. 
Published: December 2021

Academic texts use the grammar of the general language but the frequency and functions of some features are different, depending partly on the genre (such as article, textbook, student essay) and partly on the discipline (such as philosophy, history, biology, physics). Generally academic texts, and particularly research articles, in many languages are characterized by a nominal style with relatively few finite verbs. They have relatively simple clause structure but highly complex noun phrase structure. They use a narrow range of tenses and modals in specialized ways. Personal agency is often backgrounded so that disciplinary concepts and entities appear in thematized positions, for example as subjects, and this leads in English to frequent use of the passive voice. This style has been called synoptic in contrast to the “dynamic” style of conversation, with many dependent clauses and fairly simply noun phrases. As student writing becomes more mature it adopts more of these synoptic characteristics.
Academic syntax was first studied in several languages on the basis of typical texts, often research articles in the natural sciences. The rise of the concept of genre led to interest in syntactic features with particular functions in particular parts of the genre, such as pronoun use, forms of reference, and cohesion markers. More recently, use of statistical approaches drawing on corpus material has allowed more systematic quantitative descriptions of the occurrence of different features in particular (sub)genres and disciplines. It appears that the classic synoptic characteristics are most typical of quantitative research articles in the natural sciences.
Hydrated Deep Eutectic Electrolytes for High‐Performance Zn‐Ion Batteries Capable of Low‐Temperature Operation
Authors: Lin Xidong , Zhou Guodong , Robson Matthew J. , Yu Jing , Kwok Stephen C. T. , Ciucci Francesco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are a promising energy storage technology due to their intrinsic safety, eco‐friendliness, and cost‐effectiveness. However, aqueous electrolytes generally induce parasitic interfacial reactions (e.g., dendrite growth and passivation) that degrade the Zn metal anode, shortening ZIBs lifespan. This study develops a novel hydrated deep eutectic electrolyte (DEE), containing sulfolane (SL) and Zn(ClO4)2·6H2O, to prevent water‐induced deterioration. The strong coordination between SL and Zn2+ triggers the deep eutectic effect, extending the operating temperature window of the DEE. The unique water‐in‐DEE structure boosts ionic diffusion, promotes Zn2+ deposition, and reduces water reactivity, as revealed by in‐depth simulations and experiments. The developed DEE suppresses dendrite formation, allowing the Zn|DEE|Zn symmetrical cells to cycle over thousands of hours without short‐circuiting. With a polyaniline (PANI) cathode, Zn|DEE|PANI cells can cycle 2500 times with a capacity of 72 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1 at room temperature and 500 times with 73 mAh g−1 at 0.3 A g−1 at −30 °C. The newly developed DEE significantly is a step forward for inexpensive, stable, and high‐performance ZIBs.
Cross‐Linked but Self‐Healing and Entirely Degradable Poly‐Schiff Base Metal Complex Materials for Potential Anti‐Biofouling
Authors: Yan Minglong , Guo Yuhan , Zhao Wenjie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEnvironmentally friendly materials with good adjustable mechanical properties, modifiability, self‐healing properties, and entirely degradable properties promote technological progress, but they fail to integrate all the attributes in a single platform. Herein, a design concept is conceived that uses the reversible bond of imine part, the metal ion–ligand coordination, and the crystallites to jointly adjust the internal structure of poly‐Schiff base (PSB) metal complexes to achieve cross‐linking, high stretchability, self‐healing, and complete degradability. The metal ion–imine ligand coordination controls the degree and distribution of the internal physical and chemical cross‐linking of such a material, presenting a very interesting and surprising feature: controllable transformation of plasticity and elasticity, high stretchability, or high strength. Due to the dynamic covalent bond of imines and metal–ligand bonding, this material shows excellent self‐healing properties at room temperature, and finally degrades into small monomers in an aqueous medium, avoiding the incurrence of microplastics. It is further expected to apply this material to create a new, biodegradable, and multifunctional anti‐biofouling material platform. It is believed that the design concept proposed here may represent a general method for preparing environmentally friendly materials, especially anti‐biofouling materials, which combine adjustable mechanical properties, self‐healing, and entirely degradable properties.
Self‐Doped TiAl Nanoparticle/AlN Metal‐Cermet Solar Selective Absorbing Films
Authors: Shi Jing , Zhao Runqiang , Ke Shenglan , Wang Wanrong , Wang Chengbing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetal‐cermet solar selective absorber films (SSAFs) with nanoparticles embedded in dielectric matrix have been widely used in the field of solar thermal conversion. A new SSAF of TiAlN is fabricated via magnetron sputtering method. By co‐sputtering Ti and Al targets, TiAl nanoparticles are embedded in AlN matrix to form self‐doped absorber layer. And the outermost rough AlN antireflective layer further enhances the optical properties due to the optical trapping effect, as well as the heating crack extension resistance of the surface. As a result, the as‐grown SSAF displays high absorptance reaching up to 0.92 and low thermal emittance of 0.05. The selective absorption mechanism endowed by synergetic effect of intrinsic absorption and multilayers’ interference is discussed. The SSAFs optical property is stable in open‐air up to 650 °C, indicating their enormous potential for high‐temperature solar selective applications.
Spider Silk‐Inspired Artificial Fibers
Authors: Li Jiatian , Li Sitong , Huang Jiayi , Khan Abdul Qadeer , An Baigang , Zhou Xiang , Liu Zunfeng , Zhu Meifang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSpider silk is a natural polymeric fiber with high tensile strength, toughness, and has distinct thermal, optical, and biocompatible properties. The mechanical properties of spider silk are ascribed to its hierarchical structure, including primary and secondary structures of the spidroins (spider silk proteins), the nanofibril, the “core–shell”, and the “nano‐fishnet” structures. In addition, spider silk also exhibits remarkable properties regarding humidity/water response, water collection, light transmission, thermal conductance, and shape‐memory effect. This motivates researchers to prepare artificial functional fibers mimicking spider silk. In this review, the authors summarize the study of the structure and properties of natural spider silk, and the biomimetic preparation of artificial fibers from different types of molecules and polymers by taking some examples of artificial fibers exhibiting these interesting properties. In conclusion, biomimetic studies have yielded several noteworthy findings in artificial fibers with different functions, and this review aims to provide indications for biomimetic studies of functional fibers that approach and exceed the properties of natural spider silk.
Remote and Selective Control of Astrocytes by Magnetomechanical Stimulation
Authors: Yu Yichao , Payne Christopher , Marina Nephtali , Korsak Alla , Southern Paul , García‐Prieto Ana , Christie Isabel N. , Baker Rebecca R. , Fisher Elizabeth M. C. , Wells Jack A. , Kalber Tammy L. , Pankhurst Quentin A. , Gourine Alexander V. , Lythgoe Mark F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAstrocytes play crucial and diverse roles in brain health and disease. The ability to selectively control astrocytes provides a valuable tool for understanding their function and has the therapeutic potential to correct dysfunction. Existing technologies such as optogenetics and chemogenetics require the introduction of foreign proteins, which adds a layer of complication and hinders their clinical translation. A novel technique, magnetomechanical stimulation (MMS), that enables remote and selective control of astrocytes without genetic modification is described here. MMS exploits the mechanosensitivity of astrocytes and triggers mechanogated Ca2+ and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) signaling by applying a magnetic field to antibody‐functionalized magnetic particles that are targeted to astrocytes. Using purpose‐built magnetic devices, the mechanosensory threshold of astrocytes is determined, a sub‐micrometer particle for effective MMS is identified, the in vivo fate of the particles is established, and cardiovascular responses are induced in rats after particles are delivered to specific brainstem astrocytes. By eliminating the need for device implantation and genetic modification, MMS is a method for controlling astroglial activity with an improved prospect for clinical application than existing technologies.
Extension services and the technical efficiency of crop‐specific farms in China
Authors: Liu Qian , Jiang Yongmu , Lagerkvist Carl‐Johan , Huang Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChina operates the world's largest system of extension services, but knowledge about its effectiveness is limited. Using farm survey data and a stochastic meta‐frontier production function, this study investigates the impact of extension services on the technical efficiency of crop‐specific farms in China. Results reveal that extension services have a statistically significant and strongly correlated relationship with farm technical efficiency and that different sources of extension have an inconsistent impact on it. Crop‐specific farms require distinct extension provision whose content is designed to match farmers' needs, and hence a pluralistic and well‐functioning system of extension provision should be developed.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of o‐Alkenyl Chloroformylaniline with o‐Alkynylaniline: An Approach to Indolylmethyl Oxindole
Authors: Yang Fanpeng , Hu Yina , Wang Lu , Wu Miaomiao , Yuan Xiaowen , Liu Zhigang , Li Xiuhuan , Wang Zhengshen , Zheng Huaiji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed cascade Heck cyclization/3‐(2‐oxindolyl)methylation on intramolecular amination of o‐alkynylanilines for the synthesis of indolylmethyl oxindoles is developed. This protocol exhibits high efficiency, good functional group tolerance and scalability from easily accessible starting materials. In this transformation, chloroformylaniline was used as an oxidative reagent and o‐alkynylaniline was used as a 3‐indolyl precursor.
Plugging the Leak: Empowering Women in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Dibrell Sara E. , Holman Karli R. , Reisman Sarah E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHeld June 24–25, 2021, the third annual Empowering Women in Organic Chemistry (EWOC) conference gathered organic chemists at all stages of the career pipeline for rich professional development opportunities and a showcase of recent scientific achievements. This Meeting Review outlines the program.
Aggregation‐Induced Emission Featured Supramolecular Tubisomes for Imaging‐Guided Drug Delivery
Authors: Yang Jie , Yu Xinyang , Song Ji‐Inn , Song Qiao , Hall Stephen C. L. , Yu Guocan , Perrier Sébastien 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPolymeric cylinders, a fascinating type of nanostructures with high surface area, internal volume and rigidity, have been exploited as novel drug delivery vehicles over the past decade. However, it's still an open challenge to afford cylindrical nanostructures using polymeric building blocks via traditional self‐assembly processes. Herein, we report a hierarchical self‐assembly strategy of preparing cylindrical aggregates (tubisomes) from an amphiphilic supramolecular bottlebrush polymer in which a cyclic peptide nanotube is employed as the noncovalent backbone. Additionally, an aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect was introduced into the tubisomes to endow them with excellent fluorescent properties. Intriguingly, by encapsulating with the anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX), both the fluorescence of tubisome and DOX can be quenched due to the energy transfer relay (ETR) effect. The release of DOX can induce the interruption of the ETR effect and recover the silenced fluorescence, thereby permitting the in‐situ imaging of drug release. The AIE‐featured supramolecular tubisomes reported here provide an alternative approach for fabricating cylindrical polymeric nanostructures and holds great potential for imaging‐guided drug delivery.
Programmable Transient Supramolecular Chiral G‐quadruplex Hydrogels by a Chemically Fueled Non‐equilibrium Self‐Assembly Strategy
Authors: Xie Xiao‐Qiao , Zhang Yunfei , Liang Yujia , Wang Mengke , Cui Yihan , Li Jingjing , Liu Chun‐Sen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe temporal and spatial control of natural systems has aroused great interest for the creation of synthetic mimics. By using boronic ester based dynamic covalent chemistry and coupling it with an internal pH feedback system, we have developed a new chemically fueled reaction network for non‐equilibrium supramolecular chiral G‐quadruplex hydrogels with programmable lifetimes from minutes, to hours, to days, as well as high transparency and conductivity, excellent injectability, and rapid self‐healing properties. The system can be controlled by the kinetically controlled in situ formation and dissociation of dynamic boronic ester bonds between the cis‐diol of guanosine (G) and 5‐fluorobenzoxaborole (B) in the presence of chemical fuels (KOH and 1,3‐propanesultone), thereby leading to a precipitate‐solution‐gel‐precipitate cycle under non‐equilibrium conditions. A combined experimental‐computational approach showed the underlying mechanism of the non‐equilibrium self‐assembly involves aggregation and disaggregation of right‐handed helical G‐quadruplex superstructures. The proposed dynamic boronic ester‐based non‐equilibrium self‐assembly strategy offers a new option to design next‐generation adaptive and interactive smart materials.
Sintering graded foamed beads: Compressive properties
Authors: Errichiello Fabrizio , Cammarano Aniello , Di Maio Ernesto , Nicolais Luigi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDesigning the foam structures in terms of density and morphology gives the chance to tune their mechanical and functional properties to the specific application. Nowadays, this design has been leveled up by the introduction of graded foams which are characterized by spatially nonuniform densities and/or morphologies. Graded foams have proved superior compared to uniform one in numerous examples and loading conditions but in pure compressive loading, where properties such as the Young's modulus of graded foams are always inferior to uniform ones. When using sintered beads foams, macroscopic pure compression may induce local bending on the single bead, which can be exploited to induce stiffening. This thesis was investigated on both polystyrene and thermoplastic polyurethane samples made by foamed beads sintered in a cylindrical mold. The response to compressive tests of graded foams made by sintering beads having nonuniform cells structures was compared to the uniform counterparts. The results evidenced that, at same average density, foams had up to a 30% ca. of increase of the Young's modulus when the beads are characterized by a denser outer layer.
Contribution of Interleukin‐4–Induced Epithelial Cell Senescence to Glandular Fibrosis in IgG4‐Related Sialadenitis
Authors: Min Sai‐Nan , Zhu Meng‐Qi , Mao Xiang‐Di , Li Wei , Wei Tai , Mei Mei , Zhang Yan , Wu Li‐Ling , Yu Guang‐Yan , Cong Xin 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveIgG4‐related sialadenitis (IgG4‐RS) is a chronic fibroinflammatory disease characterized by glandular fibrosis and hyposalivation. This study was undertaken to explore the role of cellular senescence in the pathogenesis of IgG4‐RS–related fibrosis.MethodsThe expression of senescence markers and proinflammatory cytokines in the submandibular glands (SMGs) of IgG4‐RS patients (n = 18) and controls (n = 14) was determined by proteomics, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. After interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) treatment, high‐throughput RNA sequencing was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes in SMG‐C6 cells. A glandular fibrosis model was established by the intraglandular injection of IL‐4 into mouse SMGs (n = 8 per group).ResultsSalivary acinar and ductal epithelial cells underwent senescence in IgG4‐RS patients, as indicated by the elevated activity of senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase, lipofuscin accumulation, enhanced expression of senescence markers (p53 and p16INK4A), and up‐regulation of senescence‐associated secretory phenotype factors. Moreover, there was a significant increase in IL‐4 levels in SMGs from IgG4‐RS patients (P < 0.01), which positively correlated with p16INK4A expression and the fibrosis score. Incubation with IL‐4 exacerbated salivary epithelial cell senescence by increasing the expression of p16INK4A through the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/p38 MAPK pathway. Supernatant collected from IL‐4–induced senescent SMG‐C6 cells enhanced fibroblast activation and matrix protein production (P < 0.05). Furthermore, injecting mice with IL‐4 promoted fibrosis and senescence phenotypes in SMGs in vivo.ConclusionThe cellular senescence induced by IL‐4 through the ROS/p38 MAPK‐p16INK4A pathway promotes fibrogenesis in IgG4‐RS. Our data suggest that cellular senescence could serve as a novel therapeutic target for treating IgG4‐RS.
Diastolic Dysfunction in Systemic Sclerosis: Risk Factors and Impact on Mortality
Authors: Hinze Alicia M. , Perin Jamie , Woods Adrianne , Hummers Laura K. , Wigley Fredrick M. , Mukherjee Monica , Shah Ami A. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the independent risk factors for diastolic dysfunction (DD) in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to evaluate the impact of DD on mortality.MethodsSSc patients enrolled in the Johns Hopkins Scleroderma Center Cohort between November 1, 2006 and November 1, 2017 with ≥1 analyzable 2‐dimensional (2‐D) echocardiogram in our system were included (n = 806). DD risk factors and SSc disease characteristics were prospectively obtained, and the presence or absence of DD was determined using the most recent 2‐D echocardiogram. Logistic regression models examined associations between clinical risk factors and DD, and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess survival.ResultsDD was present in 18.6% of participants. The majority of participants were female (84%) with a median age of 58.4 years (interquartile range 48.8–68.1). Older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.12 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.09–1.15], P < 0.001), coronary artery disease (OR 3.69 [95% CI 1.52–8.97], P = 0.004), obesity (OR 4.74 [95% CI 2.57–8.74], P < 0.001), longer SSc disease duration (OR 1.04 [95% CI 1.01–1.06], P = 0.004), diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide ≤60% of predicted (OR 2.41 [95% CI 1.40–4.16], P = 0.002), and history of scleroderma renal crisis (OR 3.18 [95% CI 1.12–9.07], P = 0.031) were all independently associated with an increased risk of DD. Anti–Scl‐70 positivity (OR 0.49 [95% CI 0.26–0.93], P = 0.03) and severe gastrointestinal disease (OR 0.48 [95% CI 0.30–0.79], P = 0.004) were associated with a reduced risk of DD. The presence of DD was independently associated with an increase in the risk of mortality (hazard ratio 1.69 [95% CI 1.07–2.68], P = 0.027).ConclusionDD is independently associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with SSc. Potentially modifiable risk factors, including coronary artery disease and obesity, should be addressed in patients with SSc to reduce mortality risk.
Enabling biocatalysis in high‐concentration organic cosolvent by enzyme gate engineering
Authors: Cheng Feng , Li Ming‐You , Wei Dian‐Ju , Zhang Xiao‐Jian , Jia Dong‐Xu , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Zheng Yu‐Guo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBiocatalysis in high‐concentration organic solvents (OSs) offers many advantages, but realizing this process remains a huge challenge. An R‐selective ω‐amine transaminase variant (AcATAM2) exhibited high activity toward 50 g/L pro‐sitagliptin ketone 1‐[1‐piperidinyl]‐4‐[2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl]‐1,3‐butanedione (PTfpB). However, AcATAM2 displayed unsatisfactory organic–cosolvent resistance against high‐concentration dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), which is required to enhance the solubility of the hydrophobic substrate PTfpB. Located in the substrate‐binding tunnel, enzyme gates are structural elements that undergo reversible conformational transitions, thus affecting the accessibility of the binding pocket to solvent molecules. Depending on the conformation of the enzyme gates, one can define an open or closed conformation on which the enzyme activity in OSs may depend. To enhance the DMSO resistance of AcATAM2, we identified the beneficial residues at the “enzyme gate” region via computational analysis, alanine scanning, and site‐saturation mutagenesis. Two beneficial variants, namely, AcATAM2F56D and AcATAM2F56V, not only displayed improved enzyme activity but also exhibited enhanced DMSO resistance (the half‐life value increased from 25.71 to 42.49 h under 60% DMSO). Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that the increase in DMSO resistance was mainly caused by the decrease in the number of DMSO molecules in the substrate‐binding pocket. Moreover, in the kilogram‐scale experiment, the conversion of 80 g/L substrate was increased from 50% (AcATAM2) to 85% (M2F56D in 40% DMSO) with a high e.e. of >99% within 24 h.