bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in Healthcare Transition Views, Practices, and Barriers Among North American Pediatric Rheumatology Clinicians From 2010 to 2018
Authors: Johnson Kiana R. , Edens Cuoghi , Sadun Rebecca E. , Chira Peter , Hersh Aimee O. , Goh Y. Ingrid , Hui-Yuen Joyce , Singer Nora G. , Spiegel Lynn R. , Stinson Jennifer N. , White Patience H. , Lawson Erica 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveSince 2010, the rheumatology community has developed guidelines and tools to improve healthcare transition. In this study, we aimed to compare current transition practices and beliefs among Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) rheumatology providers with transition practices from a provider survey published in 2010.MethodsIn 2018, CARRA members completed a 25-item online survey about healthcare transition. Got Transition’s Current Assessment of Health Care Transition Activities was used to measure clinical transition processes on a scale of 1 (basic) to 4 (comprehensive). Bivariate analyses were used to compare 2010 and 2018 survey findings.ResultsOver half of CARRA members completed the survey (202/396), including pediatric rheumatologists, adult- and pediatric-trained rheumatologists, pediatric rheumatology fellows, and advanced practice providers. The most common target age to begin transition planning was 15–17 years (49%). Most providers transferred patients prior to age 21 years (75%). Few providers used the American College of Rheumatology transition tools (31%) or have a dedicated transition clinic (23%). Only 17% had a transition policy in place, and 63% did not consistently address healthcare transition with patients. When compared to the 2010 survey, improvement was noted in 3 of 12 transition barriers: availability of adult primary care providers, availability of adult rheumatologists, and pediatric staff transition knowledge and skills (P < 0.001 for each). Nevertheless, the mean current assessment score was < 2 for each measurement.ConclusionThis study demonstrates improvement in certain transition barriers and practices since 2010, although implementation of structured transition processes remains inconsistent.
Current Smoking Negatively Affects the Response to Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Dose-responsive Way, Independently of Concomitant Prednisone Use
Authors: Safy-Khan Mary , de Hair Maria J.H. , Welsing Paco M.J. , van Laar Jacob M. , Jacobs Johannes W.G. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveCurrent smoking reduces clinical response to several disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. It is unknown if this is also the case for prednisone. We aimed to determine whether current smoking affects the clinical response to concomitant prednisone in a methotrexate (MTX)-based treatment strategy.MethodsIn the CAMERA-II trial (isrctn.com identifier: 70365169), patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) initiated an MTX-based strategy and were randomized to concomitant prednisone (MTX + pred) or placebo (MTX + PBO) for 24 months. Linear mixed modeling was performed with Disease Activity Score assessing 28 joints (DAS28) as the dependent variable, and strategy group and current smoking status as independent variables, correcting for relevant covariates. The interaction between current smoking and strategy was tested to find out whether the effect of current smoking on clinical response was different between the strategy groups with prednisone or PBO.ResultsCurrent smoking was significantly associated with higher DAS28 over time (mean difference with nonsmokers 0.57 [95% CI 0.22–0.92, P < 0.01]). This association was not different between the strategy groups with prednisone or PBO (P = 0.73). The negative effect of current smoking on DAS28 was dose dependent.ConclusionCurrent smoking in patients with early RA significantly reduces the clinical effect of an MTX-based strategy, independent of whether concomitant prednisone is used. This effect is dose dependent.
Nursing Interventions to Reduce Stress in Families of Critical Care Patients: An Integrative Review
Authors: Lebel Valérie , Charette Sylvie 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundHaving a family member admitted to an intensive care unit is a stressful experience that may lead to psychological symptoms including depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder.ObjectiveTo better understand the phenomenon of stress experienced by families of intensive care unit patients and identify nursing interventions that may help reduce it.MethodsAn integrative literature review was performed to identify principal stressors for families of patients receiving care in neonatal, pediatric, and adult intensive care units and recommended nursing interventions.ResultsThe principal stressors in the 3 types of intensive care units were change in parental role or family dynamics, appearance and behavior of the patient, the care setting, and communication with the health care staff. Nursing interventions should focus on valuing the role of family members in patient care, improving communication, and providing accurate information.Clinical RelevanceFamily members of intensive care patients will benefit from nursing interventions that adequately acknowledge and address the stress they experience.ConclusionNurses play a crucial role in helping to reduce the stress experienced by family members of intensive care unit patients.
Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice to Facilitate “Nano” In Situ Simulation: An Interprofessional Approach to Just-in-Time Training
Authors: Brown Kristen M. , Mudd Shawna S. , Perretta Julianne S. , Dodson Adam , Hunt Elizabeth A. , McMillan Kristen Nelson 
Published: February 2021

Background
Simulation is increasingly used to identify latent threats to patient safety, such as delays in recognition and management of time-sensitive conditions. The Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice teaching method may facilitate “nano” (brief) in situ simulation training in a critical care setting to improve multidisciplinary team performance of time-sensitive clinical tasks.

Objective
To determine whether nano–in situ simulation training with Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice can improve pediatric intensive care unit team proficiency in identifying and managing postoperative shock in a pediatric cardiac patient.

Methods
A quality improvement educational project was conducted involving nano–in situ simulation sessions in a combined pediatric and pediatric cardiac intensive care unit. The Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice method was used with an expert-driven checklist for 30-minute simulation scenarios.

Results
A total of 23 critical care providers participated. The proportion of time-sensitive tasks completed within 5 minutes increased significantly from before to after training (52% [13 of 25] vs 100% [25 of 25]; P ≤ .001). Using a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating higher levels, the participants reported high degrees of performance confidence (mean, 4.42; SD, 0.20) and satisfaction with the simulation experience (mean, 4.96; SD, 0.12).

Conclusion
The Rapid Cycle Deliberate Practice method was used to facilitate nano–in situ simulation training and identify areas requiring additional education to improve patient safety. In situ simulation can educate providers in a cost-effective and timely manner.
Systems Approaches to Unravel T Cell Function and Therapeutic Potential in Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Salinas Victor H. , Stüve Olaf 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Producing Ag-specific immune responses constrained to target tissues or cells that can be engaged or disengaged at will is predicated on understanding the network of genes governing immune cell function, defining the rules underlying Ag specificity, and synthesizing the tools to engineer them. The successes and limitations of chimeric Ag receptor (CAR) T cells emphasize this goal, and advances in high-throughput sequencing, large-scale genomic screens, single-cell profiling, and genetic modification are providing the necessary data to bring it to fruition—including a broader application into the treatment of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we delve into the implementation of these developments, survey the relevant works, and propose a framework for generating the next generation of synthetic T cells informed by the principles learned from these systems approaches.
Mitigating the risk of alcohol use among university students
Authors: Erinfolami Adebayo Rasheed , Olagunju Andrew Toyin , Akije Adedeji Olasunkanmi , Ogunsemi Olawale 
Published: February 2021

Background:
The rising prevalence of alcohol use among youths in low resource settings is a major public health issue of concern, especially as alcohol use remains a leading contributor to deaths and disability globally. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of screening and brief intervention (SBI) on alcohol use risk among university students.

Methods:
In this quasi-experimental study, a total of 636 students were screened for alcohol use risk with the World Health Organization Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (WHO-ASSIST) version 3.1. All participants with moderate and high risk of alcohol use were administered brief intervention (BI) delivered by trained students at baseline, 1 month, and 3 months, with a final assessment in 6 months. Longitudinal data on their alcohol use risk were analyzed.

Results:
The mean age (standard deviation) of the participants was 21.13 (3.05) years and 44.5% were female. The prevalence of the current alcohol use based on the WHO-ASSIST was 49.2% (n = 315). Following three sessions of BI, the repeated measures ANOVA indicated that the WHO-ASSIST mean score for high-risk alcohol users (n = 44) fell from 33.23 (3.82) at baseline to 18.3 (9.84) at 6th month. This difference was statistically significant. Similarly, the mean score for moderate alcohol users fell from 19.62 (2.97) at baseline to 11.31 (5.52) at 6 months. The difference was statistically significant. There were significant group-level differences in the risk score over the study period, for the low risk, moderate risk, and high-risk users at the end of the study.

Conclusion:
Screening and BI showed significant benefits on alcohol use risk. Our findings suggest SBI as a feasible and effective intervention for mitigating the risk of alcohol use among young students in resource-restricted settings. Further research using a robust sample to reflect differences in setting and student characteristics is warranted.
Community Hand-Dug Wells for Trachoma: A Cluster-Randomized Trial
Authors: Aragie Solomon , Gebresillasie Sintayehu , Chernet Ambahun , Shiferaw Ayalew , Tadesse Zerihun , Zerihun Mulat , Varnado Nicole E. , Cotter Sun Y. , Wittberg Dionna M. , Zhou Zhaoxia , Callahan Elizabeth Kelly , Nash Scott D. , Aiemjoy Kristen , Keenan Jeremy D. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe WHO recommends improving access to water as part of a comprehensive strategy for elimination of trachoma as a public health problem; however, this recommendation is not based on evidence from randomized trials. In a region of Ethiopia with hyperendemic trachoma, seven communities were randomized to a hand-dug well (HDW) and seven communities to no intervention to determine the impact of HDWs on the community prevalence of ocular chlamydia infection (primary prespecified outcome). All communities continued to receive government hygiene and sanitation services and outreach. Participants were not masked, given the nature of the intervention, but laboratory personnel were masked to treatment allocation. Hand-dug wells were successfully built in six of the seven communities; five of these wells were still functional at the conclusion of the trial. At the end of the trial, an average of 74% of households reported traveling < 30 minutes to collect water in the HDW arm, compared with 45% in the control arm, and the daily volume of water used for hygiene was similar (e.g., mean of 0.7 L per person in each arm). The pseudo-median prevalence of ocular chlamydia among 0- to 5-year old children at the 24-month visit was 23% in the HDW group and 13% in the control group (P > 0.99). This small cluster-randomized trial provided no evidence to suggest that simply constructing HDWs, in the absence of other hygiene promotion activities, is effective for reducing transmission of ocular chlamydia.
Specificity of the Point-of-Care Urine Strip Test for Schistosoma Circulating Cathodic Antigen (POC-CCA) Tested in Non-Endemic Pregnant Women and Young Children
Authors: Casacuberta-Partal Miriam , Beenakker Margreet , de Dood Claudia J. , Hoekstra Pytsje T. , Kroon Lisa , Kornelis Dieuwke , Corstjens Paul , Hokke Cornelis H. , van Dam Govert J. , Roestenberg Meta , van Lieshout Lisette 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThe point-of-care urine based strip test for the detection of circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) in schistosome infections is a frequently used tool for diagnosis and mapping of Schistosoma mansoni in school-aged children. Because of its ease of use, the test is increasingly applied to adults and preschool-aged children (PSAC), but its performance has not been specifically evaluated in these target groups. Recent observations have raised concerns about possible reduced specificity, in particular in pregnant women (PW) and PSAC. We thus explored specificity of the POC-CCA urine strip test (Rapid Medical Diagnostics, Pretoria, South Africa) in a non-endemic, nonexposed population of 47 healthy nonpregnant adults (NPAs), 52 PW, and 58 PSAC. A total of 157 urines were tested with POC-CCA, of which five (10.6%) NPAs, 17 (32.7%) PW, and 27 (46.5%) PSAC were positive. The highest scores were found in the youngest babies, with an infant of 9 months being the oldest positive case. On measuring pH, it appeared that all POC-CCA strongly positive urines were acidic (pH range 5–5.5), whereas addition of pH-neutral buffer to a subsample reversed the false positivity. We conclude that the POC-CCA test has reduced specificity in PW and infants younger than 9 months, but that the false positivity might be eliminated by modifications in the buffers used in the test.
Transformation of Villas to Mosques Social Impact of Islamization On The Government Center of Java In The Late 20th Century
Authors: Muh Saerozi  
Published: February 2021

Islamization of Java becomes an actual topic of religious social research because the phenomena not only relate to religious discourse but also other aspects. This research focuses on the Islamization of the government center of Salatiga Central Java. The aims of this study are: to find the academic answer to why Islamization occurred in the government center of Salatiga in Central Java, to find out the Islamization process underway, to describe the dominant factors affecting Islamization, and to describe the impact of Islamization on religious life around the central government. The benefit of this research is to contribute the theories of Islamization of Government center of Java in the late of 20th century. This study is a descriptive research and causality analysis. The events were limited to those of 1985 to 2018. The data were sourced from the archives, inscription, news, interviews, and literature. The results of the study found that the Islamization of the Salatiga government center was carried out because the infrastructure was still European patterned. The actualization of Muslim religiosity was not well supported by this infrastructure. The symbol of Islamization is the transformation of the villa on the west of the city square into a mosque. The Islamization was successful because of the symbiotic factors between political parties, rulers, scholars, Islamic universities, and religious organizations. There was no significant impact yet on the improvement of spiritual and social lives around the government center. This study enriches theories about the symbiotic relations of religions, politics, and social changes in Java in the late 20th century.
Genética y biotecnología precolombina
Authors: Marín Mario Ramón Ruiz De Castilla 
Published: February 2021

Se analiza el proceso de domesticación de animales y plantas realizado por los antiguos peruanos, que en su evolución cultural, su lucha por la sobrevivencia y por el dominio de la naturaleza lograron el cambio genético de las especies silvestres manejando la genética y la biotecnología desde tiempos remotos. La domesticación en Los Andes culminó con la creación de más de 150 plantas cultivadas y 5 animales domésticos (llama, alpaca, cuy, pato criollo y perro sin pelo del Perú).
Para la formación de la base genética los genetistas precolombinos sabían que era necesario tener una población con alta variabilidad genética para lograr un satisfactorio cambio genético. Utilizaron la Selección, para lo que emplearon sistemas de identificación de los animales, dividiendo los rebaños por sexo, edad y color de la fibra en camélidos. Supieron elegir y priorizar los caracteres de interés económico y biológico. Emplearon la selección fenotípica, escogiendo individuos sobresalientes y realizando apareamientos entre los mejores animales. Manejaron la consanguinidad para fijar caracteres y la heterosis para aprovechar el “vigor híbrido” de la descendencia. Utilizaron la clonación o propagación asexual de las plantas cultivadas. Manejaron los cambios zonales repentinos de los tejidos (quimeras) como fuente de variabilidad. Inventaron los sistemas de conservación de alimentos por deshidratación (liofilización).
Se concluye que los genetistas precolombinos conocieron y aplicaron la genética y la biotecnología en la domesticación de plantas y animales, así como en la conservación de alimentos.
Teaching innovation resource in the Degree of Criminology: the debate in the classroom
Authors: Espejo Belén Macías 
Published: February 2021

The work presented aims to address the technique of debate as a learning tool in the subject Criminal Law II- Criminal Law. Special Part- of the Degree in Criminology.
This, based on the idea that the use of new methodologies should be promoted in the classroom; so, to shape the debate as a formula of self-learning complements the theoretical work and favors the formative skills of dynamic practice, contributing to the development of critical capacity, in terms of parameter of logical autonomous thinking, which sponsors oral communication, cooperative work and reasoned decision-making.
Agresiones a mujeres a través de los videojuegos
Authors: Martínez-Oña M. Mar , Muñoz-Muñoz Ana M. 
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCCIÓN: El videojuego, es un producto multimedia de comunicación que entre otros valores, fomenta valores sociales; sin embargo hay que plantearse ¿Qué sucede cuando el usuario/jugador de videojuegos, se debe convertir en el violador más peligroso de la ciudad? Se normaliza entonces, el abuso violento y sexual contra las mujeres, se fomenta y desarrolla una cultura de la violación -Rape culture- que es confirmada y asimilada a través del silencio de la sociedad, quedando así las mujeres sometidas, vejadas y utilizadas.
OBJETIVO: Cuando la violación hacia las mujeres se normaliza e incluso se convierte en un juego, es necesario denunciar determinados videojuegos. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este artículo es identificar y analizar los videojuegos en los cuales se desarrolla la temática de las violaciones femeninas y que llevan implícito como objetivo fundamental las agresiones sexuales. Por tanto, se pretende denunciar como difundir de forma banal este tipo de comportamiento fomenta determinados delitos contra las mujeres, que no deja de ser violencia sexual, violencia machista creada, mantenida y difundida desde una sociedad patriarcal que somete, viola y asesina a las mujeres.
MÉTODOS: A través de las metodologías cualitativa e iconográfica, y usando diversas fuentes de análisis, donde destacamos diversos videojuegos que permitirán identificar sí se fomenta la cultura de la violación a través de su argumento y de sus imágenes.
RESULTADOS: Uno de los primeros videojuegos en los que se representaban violaciones fue La venganza de Custer (EE.UU, 1982), cuyo objetivo era violar a una mujer nativa americana. Pero, lo deplorable es que no se trata de un videojuego aislado, sino que existen otros muchos como RapeLay (Japón, 2006), que anima al jugador a acosar, humillar y violar a una madre y sus dos hijas acechando y violando a tres miembros femeninos de una misma familia. El último los videojuegos lanzado al mercado y que tenía previsto salir a la venta en abril del 2019 es Rape Day, cuyo objetivo principal es asesinar y violar brutalmente a las mujeres, donde se presenta al jugador como un violador y asesino que debe de acosar, violar y matar a mujeres.
CONCLUSIONES: El principal problema es la desensibilización hacia las agresiones sexuales, que se encuentran normalizadas en nuestro entorno histórico-social y son difundidas a través de los medios de comunicación. Esto se traslada también a los videojuegos, donde en algunos, todas las agresiones a las mujeres estarían permitidas, siendo el principal objetivo del juego; por lo que preocupa, pensar que aún persisten individuos que disfrutan jugando con estos videojuegos, donde les está permitido someter, violar, e incluso asesinar a mujeres y niñas.
Effects of Ammonia and Nitrite Stress on Immune and Metabolic Responses of Japanese Sea Bass, Lateolabrax Japonicus
Authors: Wu Jinxi , Wen Guoliang , Xu Yu , Hu Xiaojuan , Li Zhuojia , Cao Yucheng , Yu Wei , Chen Gang 
Published: February 2021

We investigated the effects of ammonia and nitrite stress on genes involved in metabolism and disease resistance in Japanese sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus). Fish were exposed to pure seawater (control), 65.4 mg/L NH4+ -N, or 60.9 mg/L NO2–N for 7 days. Muscle, head-kidney, gill, spleen, and liver tissues were sampled regularly and the expression of immune and metabolism-related genes was monitored. The results indicated that the expression of immune-related genes such as heat shock proteins 70 and 90 were upregulated in the head-kidney, spleen, gill, liver, and muscle tissues under ammonia and nitrite stress. Glutamine synthetase (GS) expression increased to different degrees under ammonia and nitrite stress, while glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in the stress group upregulated in the gills. The expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) was upregulated in the spleen and gill tissue under ammonia or nitrite stress. Expression of leptin (LEP) was upregulated in the muscle, gills and liver under nitrite stress; under ammonia stress, LEP expression did not fluctuate significantly in the spleen or gill. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was downregulated in the spleen, while did not fluctuate obviously in the muscle and head-kidney under ammonia stress. These results indicate that ammonia and nitrite stress led to an upregulated immune related indexes response and increased metabolic activities in L. japonicus, and provides reference suggestions for response status of these health markers answering the outside environment intimidation.
Derecho administrativo y tecnología
Authors: Lorenzo María Josefina , Nessar de Lenoble Silvana , Fischer Gustavo 
Published: February 2021

El Grupo de Investigación y Estudio en Derecho Administrativo de la Universidad de Montevideo ya en 2009 abordó el estudio del fenómeno del “teletrabajo” en la Administración Pública, al reflexionar sobre el Decreto No. 420/007 de 7 de noviembre de 2007 y sus modernas formas de prestación de la función pública. La realidad de la pandemia de COVID-19, que ha puesto de relieve esta modalidad de trabajo, justifica retomar aquellas ideas y analizarlas en su desarrollo y bajo la nueva realidad, con el ánimo de aportar al estudio y discusión de esta forma de prestación de función pública. Así, en este trabajo se releva y actualiza el fenómeno del teletrabajo en la Administración Pública en el derecho comparado, específicamente en España, y en el Gobierno Federal de los Estados Unidos. Pasando luego al análisis de la normativa existente en el Derecho Positivo de Uruguay, y el examen de los antecedentes normativos en el área de teletrabajo y tecnología. Para, finalmente, valorar virtudes, defectos y prospectiva del teletrabajo en la Función Pública.