bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tone at the Bottom: Measuring Corporate Misconduct Risk from the Text of Employee Reviews
Authors: Campbell Dennis W. , Shang Ruidi 
Published: December 2021

This paper examines whether information extracted via text-based statistical methods applied to employee reviews left on the website Glassdoor.com can be used to develop indicators of corporate misconduct risk. We argue that inside information on the incidence of misconduct as well as the control environments and broader organizational cultures that contribute to its occurrence are likely to be widespread among employees and to be reflected in the text of these reviews. Our results show that information extracted from such text can be used to develop measures with useful properties for measuring misconduct risk. Specifically, the measures we develop clearly discriminate between high- and low-misconduct-risk firms and improve out-of-sample predictions of realized misconduct risk above and beyond other readily observable characteristics, such as Glassdoor firm ratings, firm size, performance, industry risk, violation history, and press coverage. We provide further evidence on the efficacy of our text-based measures of misconduct risk by showing that they are associated with future employee whistleblower complaints even after controlling for these same observable characteristics. This paper was accepted by Brian Bushee, accounting.
Preoperative measures of bone mineral density from digital wrist radiographs
Authors: Robertson Greg , Wallace Robert , Simpson A. Hamish R. W. , Dawson Sarah P. 
Published: December 2021

Aims Assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a well-established clinical technique, but it is not available in the acute trauma setting. Thus, it cannot provide a preoperative estimation of BMD to help guide the technique of fracture fixation. Alternative methods that have been suggested for assessing BMD include: 1) cortical measures, such as cortical ratios and combined cortical scores; and 2) aluminium grading systems from preoperative digital radiographs. However, limited research has been performed in this area to validate the different methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the evaluation of BMD from digital radiographs by comparing various methods against DXA scanning. Methods A total of 54 patients with distal radial fractures were included in the study. Each underwent posteroanterior (PA) and lateral radiographs of the injured wrist with an aluminium step wedge. Overall 27 patients underwent routine DXA scanning of the hip and lumbar spine, with 13 undergoing additional DXA scanning of the uninjured forearm. Analysis of radiographs was performed on ImageJ and Matlab with calculations of cortical measures, cortical indices, combined cortical scores, and aluminium equivalent grading. Results Cortical measures showed varying correlations with the forearm DXA results (range: Pearson correlation coefficient (r) = 0.343 (p = 0.251) to r = 0.521 (p = 0.068)), with none showing statistically significant correlations. Aluminium equivalent grading showed statistically significant correlations with the forearm DXA of the corresponding region of interest (p < 0.017). Conclusion Cortical measures, cortical indices, and combined cortical scores did not show a statistically significant correlation to forearm DXA measures. Aluminium-equivalent is an easily applicable method for estimation of BMD from digital radiographs in the preoperative setting. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(12):830–839.
3D printing in orthopaedic surgery: a scoping review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wong Ronald Man Yeung , Wong Pui Yan , Liu Chaoran , Chung Yik Lok , Wong Kwok Chuen , Tso Chi Yin , Chow Simon Kwoon-Ho , Cheung Wing-Hoi , Yung Patrick Shu-Hang , Chui Chun Sing , Law Sheung Wai 
Published: December 2021

Aims The use of 3D printing has become increasingly popular and has been widely used in orthopaedic surgery. There has been a trend towards an increasing number of publications in this field, but existing literature incorporates limited high-quality studies, and there is a lack of reports on outcomes. The aim of this study was to perform a scoping review with Level I evidence on the application and effectiveness of 3D printing. Methods A literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The keywords used for the search criteria were ((3d print*) OR (rapid prototyp*) OR (additive manufactur*)) AND (orthopaedic). The inclusion criteria were: 1) use of 3D printing in orthopaedics, 2) randomized controlled trials, and 3) studies with participants/patients. Risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane Collaboration Tool and PEDro Score. Pooled analysis was performed. Results Overall, 21 studies were included in our study with a pooled total of 932 participants. Pooled analysis showed that operating time (p < 0.001), blood loss (p < 0.001), fluoroscopy times (p < 0.001), bone union time (p < 0.001), pain (p = 0.040), accuracy (p < 0.001), and functional scores (p < 0.001) were significantly improved with 3D printing compared to the control group. There were no significant differences in complications. Conclusion 3D printing is a rapidly developing field in orthopaedics. Our findings show that 3D printing is advantageous in terms of operating time, blood loss, fluoroscopy times, bone union time, pain, accuracy, and function. The use of 3D printing did not increase the risk of complications. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(12):807–819.
Ultrasensitive sensor based on dynamic tunable dual plasmon-induced transparency of a three-graphene-layer structure
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yao Pengju , Gao Enduo , Liu Chao , Li Min , Ruan Banxian , Xu Hui , Zhang Baihui , Li Hongjian 
Published: December 2021

Dual plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) is realized in the simple multilayer structure consisting of three graphene layers. The coupling mechanism between the three modes of three graphene layers is analyzed in detail. It is revealed that the dual PIT originates from the resonators with different quality factors by analog electromagnetic induction transparency (EIT) analysis and coupling mode theory (CMT). After that, the dual PIT expresses dynamic tunability by tuning applied bias voltage, which indicates that the structure proposed has potential application in modulators. Moreover, dual PIT in our proposed structure can be applied in the biosensor, and significantly improved sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) as high as 16,660 nm/RIU and 31.0924 have been obtained, which has obvious enhancement compared with many reported sensors. This work can deepen our understanding of PIT and pave the way to the design of graphene dual PIT sensors.
χ2-based AlGaAs phase sensitive amplifier with record gain, noise, and sensitivity
Authors: Yan Zhizhong , He Haoyu , Liu Han , Iu M. , Ahmed O. , Chen E. , Blakey P. , Akasaka Youichi , Ikeuchi T. , Helmy Amr S. 
Published: December 2021

Phase sensitive amplifiers (PSAs) have the potential to empower substantial advances in emerging generations of optical communication systems as well as classical and quantum on-chip signal processing. While second order nonlinearity (

χ
2

) is stronger than third order nonlinearity (

χ
3

), it is seldom utilized in semiconductors to realize PSAs owing to the challenges of effectively phase matching the interacting waves as well as countering the two-photon absorption of the pump. In this work, we demonstrate the successful design, fabrication, and characterization of, to our knowledge, the first

χ
2

-based semiconductor PSA using an efficient phase matching approach and a pulsed pump, in an AlGaAs Bragg reflection waveguide. The reported AlGaAs PSA achieves on-chip in-phase gain approaching 30 dB, with a sensitivity of 0.005 photons per pulse. Its performance also approaches the theoretical minimal noise figure of 0 dB. With such performance metrics and its capability to operate in the single mode regime, this PSA could usher in a new era of on-chip quantum circuits.
Modelling RT-qPCR cycle-threshold using digital PCR data for implementing SARS-CoV-2 viral load studies
Authors: Gentilini Fabio , Turba Maria Elena , Taddei Francesca , Gritti Tommaso , Fantini Michela , Dirani Giorgio , Sambri Vittorio 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo exploit the features of digital PCR for implementing SARS-CoV-2 observational studies by reliably including the viral load factor expressed as copies/μL.MethodsA small cohort of 51 Covid-19 positive samples was assessed by both RT-qPCR and digital PCR assays. A linear regression model was built using a training subset, and its accuracy was assessed in the remaining evaluation subset. The model was then used to convert the stored cycle threshold values of a large dataset of 6208 diagnostic samples into copies/μL of SARS-CoV-2. The calculated viral load was used for a single cohort retrospective study. Finally, the cohort was randomly divided into a training set (n = 3095) and an evaluation set (n = 3113) to establish a logistic regression model for predicting case-fatality and to assess its accuracy.ResultsThe model for converting the Ct values into copies/μL was suitably accurate. The calculated viral load over time in the cohort of Covid-19 positive samples showed very low viral loads during the summer inter-epidemic waves in Italy. The calculated viral load along with gender and age allowed building a predictive model of case-fatality probability which showed high specificity (99.0%) and low sensitivity (21.7%) at the optimal threshold which varied by modifying the threshold (i.e. 75% sensitivity and 83.7% specificity). Alternative models including categorised cVL or raw cycle thresholds obtained by the same diagnostic method also gave the same performance.ConclusionThe modelling of the cycle threshold values using digital PCR had the potential of fostering studies addressing issues regarding Sars-CoV-2; furthermore, it may allow setting up predictive tools capable of early identifying those patients at high risk of case-fatality already at diagnosis, irrespective of the diagnostic RT-qPCR platform in use. Depending upon the epidemiological situation, public health authority policies/aims, the resources available and the thresholds used, adequate sensitivity could be achieved with acceptable low specificity.
Phylogenetic position of Phlojodicarpus villosus (Apiaceae) based on ITS and trnH-psbA nucleotide sequences
Authors: Valuyskikh Olga E. , Shadrin Dmitry M. 
Published: December 2021

The aim of our work was to obtain chloroplast (trnH-psbA) and nuclear (ITS1-ITS2) DNA nucleotide sequences and identify the phylogenetic position of Phlojodicarpus villosus (Apiaceae). This species of vascular plants is represented in the Urals by isolated relic populations and is included in the regional Red Data Books. There is no data on P. villosus nucleotide sequences in the international open genetic databases. We studied two herbarium specimens of P. villosus, one collected from the Ural part of its range in the Komi Republic (Northern Urals) and the second collected from the main part of its range in the Magadan Region (Kolyma Highlands). Combining nuclear and chloroplast markers made it possible to reliably determine phylogenetic position of P. villosus within the tribe Selineae (subfamily Apioideae, family Apiaceae). We found ITS1-ITS2 and trnH-psbA nucleotide sequences to be sufficiently informative to identify specimens of this genus. High polymorphism of P. villosus sequences obtained from different parts of its range (Northern Urals and Kolyma Highlands) and the presence of evolutionary events (deletions) require more detail study of P. villosus and other Phlojodicarpus taxa by DNA barcoding methods.
Programa Federal de Vivienda - Techo Digno para sectores medio-bajos
Authors: Barenboim Cintia Ariana , Aused Jose María 
Published: December 2021

Durante las últimas décadas, en nuestro país el desarrollo urbano estuvo definido por las pautas del mercado inmobiliario para los sectores sociales que no necesitaban financiamiento. Sin embargo, en el 2009 ciertas políticas habitacionales orientadas para los sectores de menores recursos que buscaban la generación de empleo, se extendieron hacia los sectores medios.
En este contexto, el objetivo radica en el análisis de la política habitacional nacional a través del Programa Federal Construcción de Vivienda Techo Digno dado que tuvo características propias en su implementación en la ciudad de Rosario.
Los puntos centrales se vinculan con la descripción del Programa (objetivo, beneficiarios, líneas de acción), previamente exponiendo el Programa Federal I y II, y con el alcance de los cuatro proyectos en Rosario (ubicación, integración al tejido urbano, cantidad de viviendas, prototipos).
En suma, en el 2004, el Estado vuelve a tomar protagonismo en la política habitacional con el Programa Federal incluyendo en el 2009 a los sectores medios con Techo Digno. Sin embargo, se accede a la vivienda y no a la ciudad, localizadas las urbanizaciones en el borde urbano noroeste, donde se amplían las infraestructuras, pero carecen de servicios y equipamientos completos.
Gravity assists maneuver in the problem of extension accessible landing areas on the Venus surface
Authors: Eismont Natan A. , Zubko Vladislav A. , Belyaev Andrey A. , Zasova Ludmila V. , Gorinov Dmitriy A. , Simonov Alexander V. , Nazirov Ravil R. , Fedyaev Konstantin S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This study discusses the usage of Venus gravity assist in order to choose and reaching any point on Venusian surface. The launch of a spacecraft to Venus during the launch windows of 2029 to 2031 is considered for this purpose. The constraints for the method are the re-entry angle and the maximum possible overload. The primary basis of the proposed strategy is to use the gravitational field of Venus to transfer the spacecraft to an orbit resonant to the Venusian one – with the aim of expanding accessible landing areas. Results of the current research show that this strategy provides an essential increase in accessible landing areas and, moreover, may provide an access to any point on the surface of Venus with a small increase in ∆V required for launch from the Earth and in the flight duration. The comparison with the landing without using gravity assist near planet is also given.
Use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponins in the emergency department for the early rule-in and rule-out of acute myocardial infarction without persistent ST-segment elevation (NSTEMI) in Italy
Authors: Clerico Aldo , Zaninotto Martina , Aimo Alberto , Dittadi Ruggero , Cosseddu Domenico , Perrone Marco , Padoan Andrea , Masotti Silvia , Belloni Lucia , Migliardi Marco , Fortunato Antonio , Trenti Tommaso , Malloggi Lucia , Cappelletti Piero , Galli Gianni Antonio , Bernardini Sergio , Sciacovelli Laura , Plebani Mario 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Serial measurements of cardiac troponin are recommended by international guidelines to diagnose myocardial infarction (MI) since 2000. However, some relevant differences exist between the three different international guidelines published between 2020 and 2021 for the management of patients with chest pain and no ST-segment elevation. In particular, there is no agreement on the cut-offs or absolute change values to diagnose non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI). Other controversial issues concern the diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness of cut-off values for the most rapid algorithms (0 h/1 h or 0 h/2 h) to rule-in and rule-out NSTEMI. Finally, another important point is the possible differences between demographic and clinical characteristics of patients enrolled in multicenter trials compared to those routinely admitted to the Emergency Department in Italy. The Study Group of Cardiac Biomarkers, supported by the Italian Scientific Societies Società Italiana di Biochimica Clinica, Italian Society of the European Ligand Assay Society, and Società Italiana di Patolgia Clinica e Medicina di Laboratorio decided to revise the document previously published in 2013 about the management of patients with suspected NSTEMI, and to provide some suggestions for the use of these biomarkers in clinical practice, with a particular focus on the Italian setting.
Transformation Plasticity in Carbonitrided PM-Steels: Quantification of Plasticity Effects in Dependence of the Part Density*
Authors: Damon J. M. , Dietrich S. , Schulze V. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To optimize heat treatment processes of case hardened components, heat treatment simulations are used to predict surface layer conditions. Only a precise knowledge and modelling of the transformation processes allows a trustworthy prediction of the hardness and residual stresses in the surface zone. The transformation plasticity mechanism plays an essential role in the heat treatment process and its correct simulation has a significant influence on the resulting calculated residual stress profiles and component distortion. Without considering transformation plasticity, simulative residual stresses are significantly overestimated [1]. In this work, powder metallurgical components are pressed and sintered and subsequently carbonitrided for a dilatometric investigation to characterize the correlation between transformation plasticity effect and the density. The results show a dependence of the austenite-martensite volume change that led to a significant difference of 0.5 Vol-%. A model describing the martensite volume change with respect to density is proposed. This also affects the description of the transformation plasticity constants (K) between K = 5 – 6 × 10–5 MPa–1 in dependence of density. With currently available data, the effect of chemical composition and density cannot be separated and quantified and further studies are therefore necessary to allow such a refinement.
Ti-Co mixed oxide as photocatalysts in the generation of hydrogen from water
Authors: Pérez-Larios Alejandro , Torres-Ramos Isabel , Zanella Rodolfo , Rico José Luis 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The effect of Co into the titanium oxide matrix as photocatalysts in the generation of hydrogen from water is herein reported. Ti–Co mixed oxides and pure titania were synthetized by sol-gel. The Co content was 0, 1, 3, 5, and 10 wt.%. The solids were characterized by Scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), N2 physisorption, X-ray difrraction (XRD), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), spectroscopy Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectroscopy and High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). The results showed that the mixed oxides show larger specific surface areas (73–186 m2/g) compare to that of pure TiO2 (64 m2/g). The XRD patterns of the Ti-Co samples resemble that of anatase and segregation of Co was not observed by this technique. The band gap energies of these solids vary from 3.05 to 2.85 eV which are smaller than that of pure TiO2 (3.2 eV). The Ti-Co oxides showed an enhancement in the hydrogen production (∼3056 μmol/h) compare to that of TiO2 (190 μmol/h) when using UV light. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activity of titania (110 μmol/h) for this reaction was also smaller than those observed for the Ti-Co mixed oxides (∼4056 μmol/h) under visible light.
Severe accident simulation for VVER-1000 reactor using ASTEC-V2.1.1.3
Authors: Abdel-Latif S. H. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The station black-out (SBO) is one of the main accident sequences to be considered in the field of severe accident research. To evaluate a nuclear power plant’s behavior in the context of this accident, the integral ASTEC-V2.1.1.3 code “Accident Source Term Evaluation Code” covers sequences of SBO accidents that may lead to a severe accident. The aim of this work is to discuss the modelling principles for the core melting and in-vessel melt relocation phenomena of the VVER-1000 reactor. The scenario of SBO is simulated by ASTEC code using its basic modules. Then, the simulation is performed again by the same code after adding and activating the modules; ISODOP, DOSE, CORIUM, and RCSMESH to simulate the ex-vessel melt. The results of the two simulations are compared. As a result of SBO, the active safety systems are not available and have not been able to perform their safety functions that maintain the safety requirements to ensure a secure operation of the nuclear power plant. As a result, the safety requirements will be violated causing the core to heat-up. Moreover potential core degradation will occur. The present study focuses on the reactor pressure vessel failure and relocation of corium into the containment. It also discusses the transfer of Fission Products (FPs) from the reactor to the containment, the time for core heat-up, hydrogen production and the amount of corium at the lower plenum reactor pressure vessel is determined.
Study on specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of uranium nitride
Authors: Gokbulut M. , Gursoy G. , Aşcı Ş. , Eser E. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this study, we have proposed an analytical method for calculating the specific heat capacity of uranium nitride nuclear material. The specific heat capacity results have obtained by the use of the Debye-Einstein approximation. The thermal conductivity of nuclear material has been obtained by using the experimental data of thermal diffusivity and the calculation results of specific heat capacity. This method shows that our results are satisfactory for the wide range temperature variations. The proposed approach can be easily applied to determine the thermodynamic properties of the other nuclear materials.
Series Under Threat
Authors: Laugier Sandra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Lockdown has given us an occasion to discover new television series and to revisit others. TV series accompany us in our ordinary lives, but they can also be a resource or refuge in extraordinary situations. As the enduring success of Friends proves, they provide us with universes of comfort. TV series provide strong common cultural referents, which populate both ordinary conversations and political debates. TV series, by virtue of their aesthetic format (their duration, weekly and seasonal regularity, and the fact that they are, or were until recently, usually viewed in the context of the home), the attachment they inspire to their characters, the democratization and diversification of modes of viewing them (internet, streaming, discussion forums), make possible a specific form of education and constitution of a public. TV shows are hence a medium for political and ethical discussion. The article studies two series, Homeland and The Bureau, which are paradigmatic examples of a genre that has grown exponentially since the beginning of the century, and which we refer to as the “security series” genre. These series are great works of art and can also be seen as powerful tools for educating and informing the public.
A conversation on the quartic equation of the secular determinant of methylenecyclopropene
Authors: Ramasami Ponnadurai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Hückel method (HM) is based on quantum mechanics and it is used for calculating the energies of molecular orbitals of π electrons in conjugated systems. The HM involves the setting up of the secular determinant which is expanded to obtain a polynomial which is to be solved. In general, the polynomial is one which may be factorized. However, in May 2020, students brought to my attention that the secular determinant of methylenecyclopropene could not be factorized completely. As a result of this, we used a combination of online tools, technology and visualization to calculate the roots of the secular determinant. This write-up, in a playwriting format, describes the conversation between the facilitator and the students.