bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Conductivity from Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logs in Sediments with Elevated Magnetic Susceptibilities
Authors: Crow Heather , Paradis Daniel , Grunewald Elliot , Liang Xiao Xia , Russell Hazen A.J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study examined the application of slim‐hole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tools to estimate hydraulic conductivity (KNMR) in an unconsolidated aquifer that contains a range of grain sizes (silt to gravel) and high and variable magnetic susceptibilities (MS) (10−4 to 10−2 SI). A K calibration dataset was acquired at 1‐m intervals in three fully screened wells, and compared to KNMR estimates using the Schlumberger‐Doll research (SDR) equation with published empirical constants developed from previous studies in unconsolidated sediments. While KNMR using published constants was within an order of magnitude of K, the agreement, overprediction, or underprediction of KNMR varied with the MS distribution in each well. An examination of the effects of MS on NMR data and site‐specific empirical constants indicated that the exponent on T2ML (n‐value in the SDR equation, representing the diffusion regime) was found to have the greatest influence on KNMR estimation accuracy, while NMR porosity did not improve the prediction of K. KNMR was further improved by integrating an MS log into the NMR analyses. A first approach detrended T2ML for the effects of MS prior to calculating KNMR, and a second approach introduced an MS term into the SDR equation. Both were found to produce similar refinements of KNMR in intervals of elevated MS. This study found that low frequency NMR logging with short echo times shows promise for sites with moderate to elevated MS levels, and recommends a workflow that examines parameter relationships and integrates MS logs into the estimation of KNMR.
Part of the solution: A survey of community organisation perspectives on barriers and facilitating actions to Advance Care Planning in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Siden Ellie G. , Carter Rachel Z. , Barwich Doris , Hassan Eman 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite the established benefits of Advance Care Planning (ACP), engagement remains low in British Columbia. Since 2016, a growing number of community‐based nonprofits have offered ACP education. To date, no study has focused on the perspectives of nonprofits on ACP in British Columbia.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify barriers and facilitating actions to ACP as perceived by British Columbian nonprofits.DesignA mixed‐methods design was used. Data were collected through online surveys and telephone interviews.Setting and ParticipantsStaff and volunteers from British Columbian nonprofits that are providing or interested in providing public education on ACP were recruited for this study.ResultsThe lack of public awareness of ACP, the emotional difficulty of the conversation, the complicated ACP process, the belief that ACP is synonymous with completing a medical order form, the challenge of introducing ACP in different cultural contexts and the siloed approach to ACP education were rated as the most important barriers to ACP engagement. The most important facilitating actions were developing clear messages, improving ACP literacy, reframing ACP as part of life planning, simplifying ACP documentation and transfer, integrating ACP conversations into clinical practice and better collaboration between the health system and nonprofits.DiscussionThis study identifies numerous opportunities to improve ACP engagement in British Columbia from a community lens. To maximize ACP engagement, community‐led ACP education should be offered in coordination with the health system.ConclusionCommunity‐led ACP education as well as collaboration and consultation with nonprofits are part of the solution to the low ACP engagement in British Columbia.Public ContributionStudy participants, including staff and volunteers at nonprofits, are members of the public.
Effect of quinoa, chia and millet addition on consumer acceptability of gluten‐free bread
Authors: Moss Rachael , McSweeney Matthew B. 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThere is an increasing demand for gluten‐free foods; however, standard gluten‐free foods are deficient in nutrients. This study investigated the use of alternative grains (chia, millet and quinoa) in gluten‐free breads to evaluate their sensory properties (fresh and following a partial bake method). A sensory trial (n = 98) asked participants to consider six fresh bread samples made from chia, millet and quinoa, using 9‐point hedonic scales and check‐all‐that‐apply. A second sensory trial (n = 89) was then completed using par‐baked bread samples of the different formulations. The sensory properties and the acceptability of the bread were significantly affected by the chia and quinoa flour. The millet flour did not change the acceptability of the bread. Furthermore, the partial baking method (after 90 days of frozen storage) did not significantly affect the acceptability of the breads made with chia, millet and quinoa, but it did affect the acceptability of the control bread prepared with brown rice flour. Overall, millet flour could be incorporated into gluten‐free breads made following a partial baking method without affecting consumer acceptability. Future studies should use a trained panel to evaluate how the breads differ based on the partial baking method.
Accounting for carbon dioxide emission effect of energy use, economic growth, and urbanization in the OPEC member states
Authors: Alao Rasheed O. , Payaslioglu Cem , Alhassan Abdulkareem , Alola Andrew Adewale 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile extant studies have largely associated environmental degradation with energy sources and energy consumption, the procedure of oil exploration has not been excluded in the discus of environmental sustainability. On this note, the current study examined the effect of per capita energy consumption and urban population for the 14 Organization for Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) members from 1980 to 2017. In addition, the validity of Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis is investigated by using the State‐of‐the‐art second‐generation panel data techniques. The main finding reveals that at an early stage, economic growth endangers the environment by release of pollutant emissions. However, sustained economic growth ameliorates environmental problems. Therefore, study validates the EKC hypothesis for the case of OPEC. Additionally, both energy use per person and urban population adversely affects environmental sustainability. Besides, the findings infer that economic growth brings about an increase in energy consumption and not the other way round. Thus, energy conservation policies aimed at rationing energy consumption and controlling carbon dioxide emissions would hurt economic growth.
‘The cure for us is a lot of things’: How young people with Prader‐Willi syndrome view themselves and future clinical trials
Authors: Dykens Elisabeth M. , Roof Elizabeth , Hunt‐Hawkins Hailee 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite work on the self‐identities of people with intellectual disabilities, research has yet to describe the self‐perceptions of people with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS). The perspectives of those with PWS are also important for rapidly evolving clinical trials aimed at treating symptoms of PWS.MethodTwenty‐one young people with PWS were administered a semi‐structured interview that assessed how they perceive their syndrome and clinical trials. Transcribed interviews were reliably coded using content‐driven, applied thematic analyses.ResultsFive themes emerged: struggles with chronic hunger and food‐seeking that impede goals and relationships; struggles with anxiety and outbursts, schedule changes and school; distancing from PWS; needs for clinical trials that cure PWS, reduce hunger or anxiety, and lead to improved outcomes; and needs for advocacy and awareness of PWS.ConclusionsFindings shed new light on the self‐perceptions of those with PWS and have important implications for current interventions and future clinical trials.
Mediation effect of obesity on the association between triglyceride‐glucose index and hyperuricemia in Chinese hypertension adults
Authors: Sun Jin , Sun Mingyan , Su Yongkang , Li Man , Ma Shouyuan , Zhang Yan , Zhang Anhang , Cai Shuang , Cheng Bokai , Bao Qiligeer , Zhu Ping , Wang Shuxia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe triglyceride glucose (TyG) index was regarded as a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR). It is confirmed that IR was significantly associated with hyperuricemia, and obesity was the risk factor for IR and hyperuricemia. However, the relationship between the TyG index and hyperuricemia and the potential role of obesity in Han Chinese hypertension are not entirely elucidated. A community‐based cross‐sectional study was conducted in 4551 hypertension patients aged 40–75 years with clinical and biochemical data. The TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dl) × fasting plasma glucose (mg/dl)/2]. Hyperuricemia was determined as serum uric acid ≥357μmol/L (6 mg/dl) for females and ≥417μmol/L (7 mg/dl) for males. Our study suggested that the TyG index was higher in patients with hyperuricemia than in those without (8.99±0.61, 8.70±0.59, p < .001). The prevalence of hyperuricemia in patients with the lowest (≤8.32), second (8.33–8.66), third (8.67–9.07) and the highest quartile (≥9.08) of the TyG index was 6.0%, 10.4%, 15.4%, 21.4%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis suggested that the higher quartile of TyG index was associated with increased hyperuricemia risk whether in crude or adjusted models (p < .05). Mediation analysis showed that all of our obesity indexes partially mediated the association between the TyG index and hyperuricemia to some extent. In Conclusions, the TyG index is significantly associated with hyperuricemia in hypertension patients among Han Chinese, obesity plays a partial mediation role in this relationship.
Feeding practices and the prevalence of cow's milk protein allergy in Irish preterm infants
Authors: Henderson Davina , Murphy Claire A. , Glynn Anna‐Claire , Boyle Michael A. , McCallion Naomi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of cow's‐milk protein allergy (CMPA) is between 2% and 3% and symptoms vary depending on underlying immune mechanism at play. Breast milk is the optimal nutrition for premature infants and breast milk fortifiers (BMF) are commonly used to optimise growth and nutrition. BMF are typically derived from cow's milk and, as such, preterm infants are exposed to cow's milk in the first weeks of life. Previously, preterm infants were suspected to have a higher risk of allergen development because of early antigen exposure and increased gut permeability. The primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of CMPA among very preterm (<32 weeks) and/or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. The secondary aim was to describe feeding practices, specifically the breastfeeding rates and specialist, non‐standard formula use in this cohort over the first 6 months of life.MethodsThis was a retrospective study performed in a large tertiary maternity hospital (8500 deliveries/year and 110 very preterm infants/year) in Dublin, Ireland over a 3‐year period, 2017–2020. Infants born very preterm and/or VLBW who were followed in the outpatient clinic until 6 months corrected gestational age (CGA) were included. Hospital ethical approval was obtained.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐four infants were included with a median birth weight of 1338 g. No infant had a diagnosis of CMPA when leaving the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) but, by 6 months CGA, this increased to 1.4% (n = 2). Upon discharge from the NICU, 88 infants (61%) were receiving at least some breast milk, decreasing to 13 (9.1%) at 6 months CGA. Those who were receiving exclusive breast milk at discharge were significantly more likely to still be receiving any breast milk at three (p ≤ 0.001) and 6 months ( p ≤ 0.001) CGA compared to those combined feeding or exclusively formula feeding. At 6 months CGA, 18.9% (n = 27) were attending a dietician and 31.5% (n = 45) were using specialist, non‐standard infant formula.ConclusionsThe prevalence of CMPA in this cohort was 1.4%, which is similar to the reported prevalence of CMPA in the general paediatric population. Infants who were discharged from NICU exclusively breastfeeding were more likely to be receiving any breast milk at outpatient follow‐up. This highlights the importance of on going dietetic and lactation support in the outpatient setting for this vulnerable cohort.
Macronutrient and micronutrient intake of individuals with diabetic foot ulceration: A short report
Authors: Collins Rebecca , Burrows Tracy , Donnelly Hailey , Tehan Peta Ellen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdequate nutrition is essential in individuals with diabetic foot ulceration (DFU); therefore, an assessment of dietary intake is critical. A lack of nutrients including protein, zinc and vitamins C and D have all been associated with poor wound healing. However, the comprehensive dietary intake of Australian adults with DFU is poorly understood. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to describe the dietary intake of adults with DFU in an Australian setting.MethodsParticipants (n = 115) with diabetes (type 1 and 2), a mean body mass index of 36 and current foot ulceration were recruited from across New South Wales, Australia. Dietary intake was assessed using the Australian Eating Survey, a self‐reported validated food frequency questionnaire.ResultsThe mean (SD) reported energy intake was 9.57 (±SD 4.43) MJ day–1. A mean protein intake of 104 (±SD 49) g day–1 is below recommended intake for wound healing; however, the mean protein intake contribution to energy (19%E) was within recommendations for normal populations. The mean carbohydrate intake (43%E) was within recommended ranges for healthy populations; however, the mean total fat intake (36%E) was above recommendations. Micronutrient intake was adequate, apart from folate, which was below the recommended intake, and sodium, vitamin C, vitamin A and selenium, which were above the recommended intake.ConclusionsA lack of adequate folate may have a negative impact on healing, with folate proposed to play a role in tissue repair. Wound management of individuals with DFU should include a regular assessment of dietary intake to recognise deficiencies in macro‐ and micronutrients, and subsequently address these inadequacies to optimise healing.
Reconstruction of calcium silicate hydrates using multiple 2D and 3D imaging techniques: Light microscopy, μ‐CT, SEM, FIB‐nT combined with EDX
Authors: Kleiner Florian , Rößler Christiane , Vogt Franziska , Osburg Andrea , Ludwig Horst‐Michael 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study demonstrates the application and combination of multiple imaging techniques [light microscopy, micro‐X‐ray computer tomography (μ‐CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and focussed ion beam – nano‐tomography (FIB‐nT)] to the analysis of the microstructure of hydrated alite across multiple scales. However, by comparing findings with mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), it becomes obvious that the imaged 3D volumes and 2D images do not sufficiently overlap at certain scales to allow a continuous quantification of the pore size distribution (PSD). This can be overcome by improving the resolution and increasing the measured volume. Furthermore, results show that the fibrous morphology of calcium‐silicate‐hydrates (C‐S‐H) phases is preserved during FIB‐nT. This is a requirement for characterisation of nano‐scale porosity. Finally, it was proven that the combination of FIB‐nT with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX) data facilitates the phase segmentation of a 11 × 11 × 7.7 μm3 volume of hydrated alite.
A historical review of experimental imaging of the beating heart coronary microcirculation in vivo
Authors: Kalia Neena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFollowing a myocardial infarction (MI), the prognosis of patients is highly dependent upon the re‐establishment of perfusion not only in the occluded coronary artery, but also within the coronary microcirculation. However, our fundamental understanding of the pathophysiology of the tiniest blood vessels of the heart is limited primarily because no current clinical imaging tools can directly visualise them. Moreover, in vivo experimental studies of the beating heart using intravital imaging have also been hampered due to obvious difficulties related to significant inherent contractile motion, movement of the heart brought about by nearby lungs and its location in an anatomically challenging position for microscopy. However, recent advances in microscopy techniques, and the development of fluorescent reporter mice and fluorescently conjugated antibodies allowing visualisation of vascular structures, thromboinflammatory cells and blood flow, have allowed us to overcome some of these challenges and increase our basic understanding of cardiac microvascular pathophysiology. In this review, the elegant attempts of the pioneers in intravital imaging of the beating heart will be discussed, which focussed on providing new insights into the anatomy and physiology of the healthy heart microvessels. The reviews end with the more recent studies that focussed on disease pathology and increasing our understanding of myocardial thromboinflammatory cell recruitment and flow disturbances, particularly in the setting of diseases such as MI.
Efficacy of 810 nm diode laser in hair reduction in Indian subpopulation using a novel Gabor filter‐based detection software and hair algorithm
Authors: Pai Sathish B. , Suvarna Punya , Shetty Varsha M. , Pathan Sameena 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiode laser (810 nm) is frequently employed for hair reduction. There are few studies determining the efficacy in Indian population.ObjectivesAssessment of efficacy and safety of 810 nm diode laser in facial/axillary hair reduction and objective assessment of the improvement with dermoscopy, photographs, and novel Gabor filter‐based hair detection algorithm.MethodologyThis hospital‐based study included 40 adult women with 108 treatment sites over 5.4 sessions (range 4–8). Evaluation of treatment areas (hair texture, density) was done using modified Ferriman–Galwey scoring. Photography and dermoscopic images were taken before each session and 6 weeks after the last. Immediate and delayed adverse reactions were noted. Assessment of efficacy was done by patient, principal, and blinded investigator using Global Aesthetic Improvement scale (GAIS) and hair detection algorithm (evaluating characteristics of dermoscopic hair).ResultsThe fluences ranged from 16 to 29 Joules/cm2 with pulse width of 30 ms. Upper lip (n = 29, 26.9%) and chin (n = 25, 22.1%) were commonly treated areas. Improvement in hair texture and density (reduction in uniformly distributed, terminal hair from 37.1% to 13.9%) was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). Excellent improvement of 75–100% (GAIS) was noted by principal and blinded investigator in 24.1% and 33.3% total sites, respectively. The median improvement, calculated by the algorithm, was 60% for side locks, 53.9% for axilla, 24.1% for upper lip, and 14.9% for chin. Axilla and upper lip were sites associated with maximum discomfort. Epidermolysis and paradoxical hypertrichosis were seen in five patients each.ConclusionThe 810 nm diode laser is safe and effective in the reduction of dark, coarse terminal hairs in Fitzpatrick skin types III–V. Inter‐observer variation and investigator bias in the assessment of efficacy can be successfully overcome by using the algorithm.
Impact of insulin‐like growth factor 1, immunoglobulin G and vitamin A in colostrum on growth of newborn Black Bengal goats and its crossbred
Authors: Buranakarl Chollada , Thammacharoen Sumpun , Semsirmboon Sapon , Sutayatram Saikaew , Nuntapaitoon Morakot , Katoh Kazuo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe study aims to investigate the relationships between colostral concentrations of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and vitamin A (Vit A) and growth (body weight and average daily gain) in Black Bengal (BB) and its crossbred. The colostrum from dams (n = 16) was collected at parturition to measure the concentrations of IGF‐1, IgG and Vit A. The kid weight at birth (W‐0), day 14 (W‐14) and day 28 (W‐28) were measured and the average daily gain during day 1–14 (ADG1‐14) and day 14–28 (ADG14‐28) were calculated. The average concentrations of IGF‐1, IgG and Vit A in colostrum were 504.6 ± 74.9 ng/ml, 9.7 ± 0.6 mg/ml and 549.1 ± 72.5 µg/100 g, respectively. The average body weight of kids at birth, day 14 and 28 were 1.72 ± 0.08, 2.95 ± 0.11 and 3.94 ± 0.13 kg respectively. Kid’s breed, IGF‐1, IgG and Vit A had significant positive effects on ADG14‐28 while parity, litter size and sex had no effect. The growth factors that were classified into 2 classes based upon the mean values of colostral contents in all kids showed that the kids receiving the higher concentrations of IGF‐1, IgG and Vit A in colostrum had higher body weight gain than those receiving the lower concentrations (92.1 ± 7.8 vs. 59.8 ± 5.7 g/day; p = 0.002, 88.3 ± 7.8 vs. 60.3 ± 6.1 g/day; p = 0.009 and 91.1 ± 6.8 vs. 56.7 ± 5.8 g/day; p < 0.001 respectively). It is concluded that IGF‐1, IgG and Vit A concentrations in colostrum of dams were associated with increased kid's body weight gain at the end of first month in BB and BB crossbred goats.
Diversity in Religiosity Undermines Conventional Personal Morality Across the Globe: Evidence From 90 Nations, 300,000+ Individuals
Authors: Evans M.D.R. , Kelley Jonathan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn societies where the populace exhibits a wide range of religiosity, social conservatives (religiously devout or socially traditional) feel their beliefs and way of life threatened, even where others in their society (secular, or socially liberal) have no desire to threaten them, or to discriminate against them, or even to proselytize. Examples include devout English Pilgrims in liberal 16th century Holland and devout Muslims in liberal 21st century Western Europe. We suggest that this is because diversity in religiosity itself poses a threat to conventional personal morality (attitudes on abortion, divorce, euthanasia, suicide, prostitution). The consequences of societal diversity in religiosity (the centrality of religion to one's life) for individuals’ endorsement of conventional personal morality have been neglected in prior research. This paper shows that diversity in religiosity at the national level undermines individuals’ endorsement of conventional personal morality, net of an individual's own religiosity, net of the average levels of religiosity and socioeconomic development in the individual's society, and net of key individual‐level controls. Data are pooled from the World Values Surveys/European Values Surveys, 1981–2008, with 90 countries, 200+ surveys, and 300,000+ individual respondents. Analysis is by multilevel methods (variance components models with fixed effects and random intercepts, estimated by generalized least squares [GLS]).