bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ABO isoagglutinin titers in group “O” blood donors
Authors: Mangwana Sadhana , Kumar Shashi , Gangwar Vivek 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
High titers of anti-A and anti-B are considered to be one reason for hemolytic transfusion reactions and ABO hemolytic disease in fetus and neonates. There is no consensus for critical ABO antibody titers to guide transfusion or transplant decisions. Implementation of ABO titer measurement can favor reduction in transfusion reactions in nongroup “O” recipients.

AIMS:
This study aimed to understand the trend and quantification of anti-A and anti-B antibody titers in Group “O” donors in this geography.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:
A prospective study was conducted in 218, Group “O” blood donors in the year 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibody titers were measured by hemagglutination and IgG titers by solid-phase red cell adherence. Antibody titers ≥128 for IgG and ≥64 for IgM were considered “high titers.” Epi Info 7.1 software was used for statistical analysis, with P < 0.05 significant.

RESULTS:
About 96.75% of blood donors were male with a median age of 33.16 ± 8.8 years. ABO antibody titers ranged from 0 to 1024. The prevalence of titers of <128 for IgG anti-A and anti-B was 79.36% and 86.24%, respectively, and 88.53% for both anti-A and anti-B IgM (<64). High IgG anti-A antibody titers were exhibited in 20.64% and anti-B titers in 13.76% of donors. None of the recipients showed any hemolytic reactions.

CONCLUSIONS:
The donor population showed predominance of low isoagglutinin titers. Defining critical titers will help formulate institutional guidelines on ABO-incompatible platelet transfusions and transplants. The use of automation in ABO titer assays removes interobserver variations and offers precise, reproducible, and less labor-intensive assays in resource-constrained settings.
Early-onset Unilateral Terrien’s Marginal Degeneration
Authors: Mandal Sohini , Garg Muskan , Sachdeva Gaurav , Agarwalla Anushka , Maharana Prafulla Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
We aimed to describe the cases that highlight the fact that Terrien’s marginal degeneration (TMD) can present at an early age and should be considered when evaluating young patients with peripheral corneal thinning disorders.

Materials and Methods:
All cases of early-onset unilateral TMD that presented to a tertiary eye care center were included in the study. Three cases of early-onset unilateral TMD were reviewed. Case 1 (10 years, male) presented with superior arcuate band of corneal stromal thinning extending from 9 to 3 o’clock hours. in the right eye with associated corneal vascularization and lipid deposition at the leading edge of the furrow. Case 2 (14 years, female) presented with a superior crescentic band of corneal stromal thinning extending from 10 to 2 o’clock positions in the left eye. Vascularization of the cornea and lipid deposition were observed at the leading edge of the furrow in this case as well. Case 3 (9 years, male) presented with a superior arcuate band of corneal stromal thinning extending from 10 to 2 o’clock positions in his left eye. Corneal vascularization and lipid deposition were observed at the leading edge of the furrow formation.

Results:
A preliminary diagnosis of early-onset unilateral TMD was made in all the cases that was subsequently confirmed on Scheimpflug imaging and anterior segment optical coherence tomography. The mean astigmatism of the affected eye was 4.6 ± 2.3 D. All cases were prescribed spectacle correction, which resulted in significant improvement: 6/60-6/24 (Case 1), 6/36-6/9 (Case 2), and 6/18-6/9 (Case 3).

Conclusion:
A comprehensive case history and meticulous slit-lamp examination are essential, and TMD should be considered a differential diagnosis for peripheral corneal ectatic disorders in childhood.
Real-time Microscope-integrated Optical Coherence Tomography-guided Stromal Fluid Drainage in Corneal Hydrops for Early Resolution of Corneal Edema
Authors: Sahay Pranita , Agarwal Rinky , Maharana Prafulla Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Aim:
This study aims to describe a novel technique of microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (MiOCT)-guided stromal fluid drainage in corneal hydrops with multiple stromal fluid clefts for rapid resolution.

Materials and Methods:
Eight patients of keratoconus with corneal hydrops with multiple stromal fluid clefts underwent this procedure. Medical management was initiated in all cases at presentation and intervention was performed only in cases with poor response to medical therapy at 3 weeks. The surgical technique comprised of MiOCT-guided localization of the stromal fluid clefts followed by multiple venting incisions into the stromal fluid clefts with micro-vitreoretinal blade and simultaneous air tamponade in the anterior chamber. Corneal massage with Merocel sponge further aided in draining and imbibing fluid through the incision site. Time taken for resolution of corneal edema, requirement for repeat procedure and any complication arising out of this procedure was noted.

Results:
Eight patients of acute corneal hydrops (5–30 years) underwent this procedure. The primary diagnosis was bilateral keratoconus for all. Majority (n = 7/8) of the cases were resolved in 3 weeks and all were resolved in 4 weeks. None of the cases required a repeat procedure. No intraoperative or postoperative complication was noted in any case.

Conclusion:
MiOCT-guided drainage of stromal fluid pockets in cases of corneal hydrops is a safe and effective technique. Real-time monitoring with MiOCT allows for fluid clefts location, instrument depth judgment, and complete drainage of fluid clefts. It is especially useful in cases with severe corneal edema and large fluid clefts where medical management alone fails.
Binocular Vision Anomalies in Children and Young Adults and Effectiveness of Vision Therapy
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Mostafa , Iftekhar Quazi Sazzad , Naznin Sidratul Muntaha , Rashid Chowdhury Shift Toufique Mamunur , Hasan Md Mehedi 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To figure out the frequency of binocular vision (BV) anomalies in children and young adults with symptoms like blurring, headache, or eyestrain and evaluate vision therapy’s effectiveness (VT).

Methods:
A retrospective review of data was conducted on 45 symptomatic subjects in a tertiary eye care hospital without strabismus or any other ocular pathology. A comprehensive eye examination with BV evaluation was done, and home as well as office VT was applied. The difference between pre- and post-VT BV parameters was decided by statistical analysis.

Results:
Among 45 subjects, binocular vision anomalies were found in 44 (97.78%). Thirty-five subjects (79.54%) had convergence insufficiency followed by fusional vergence dysfunction in 3 (6.82%), convergence excess in 3 (6.82%), divergence insufficiency in 1 (2.27%), accommodation insufficiency with convergence insufficiency in 1 (2.27%) and accommodative infacility in 1 (2.27%). Statistically, a significant difference was found in pre- and post-VT binocular vision parameters.

Conclusion:
Binocular vision anomalies are common in children and young adults with blurring, headache, or eyestrain, and vision therapy effectively improves BV parameters.
Comparison of Surgical Outcomes of Cataract Extraction by Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery and Phacoemulsification in Phacomorphic Angle Closure
Authors: Singh Deepika , Rewri Parveen , Aggarwal Sagarika 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
To compare the surgical outcomes of cataract extraction in eyes with phacomorphic angle closure by manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) and phacoemulsification.

Methods:
A prospective, randomized, comparative study included patients of phacomorphic angle closure (PMAC) between August 2018 to December 2019, at a tertiary care teaching facility in rural western Haryana of Northern India. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the two groups-MSICS group and PHACO group, for cataract surgery. Surgical outcomes were compared in terms of intraoperative events, visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP) and endothelial cell loss (ECL). Association between delay in presentation, IOP at presentation and surgical outcomes were studied.

Results:
The difference between surgical outcomes by MSICS and phacoemulsification in eyes with PMAC was not significant. The median un-aided visual acuity at final follow-up was 0.5. A total of 18 (56%) gained un-aided visual acuity of ≥0.5, six (37%) in MSICS group and 12 (75%) in PHACO group (χ2 4.57, p 0.03). The mean IOP at final follow up was 12.5mmHg, with no significant difference between two groups (p 0.7). ECL in MSICS group was 5.64 (±1.1) % and in PHACO group 5.89 (±1) % (p 0.5). Eyes with lower pre-operative endothelial cell count suffered higher loss (Spearman r 0.364, p 0.04).

Conclusions:
Both MSICS and phacoemulsification are safe and effective for cataract extraction in eyes with PMAC with anterior chamber depth (ACD) of 1.15-2.09 mm.
Triple train collision at Bahanaga Bazar: Disaster response and management: An observational study
Authors: Mohanty Chitta Ranjan , Biswas Ashutosh , Radhakrishnan Rakesh Vadakkethil , Das Subhasree , Jain Mantu , Barik Amiya Kumar , Sahu Sandip Kumar , Sahoo Sangeeta , Das Tarangini , Shaji Ijas Muhammed , Chakola Sebastian 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Train collision accidents are tragic events associated with high mortality. The study aimed to comprehensively describe the clinical-epidemiological profile, disaster emergency response, and management following a train collision accident in Odisha, India.

Methods:
This observational study was conducted by a tertiary care hospital in eastern India. Data were collected from the hospital records, telephonically from the victims or their relatives, and from electronic and print media. Subjects with complete data were included. Those who had died on the spot or upon arrival to the emergency department (ED) and with incomplete or unavailable data were excluded. Statistical analysis of data was performed using R 4.1.0 software.

Results:
After triaging, 198 subjects were included and analyzed. Most of the subjects were young (29 [34–40] years), belonging to male 182 (92%) gender. At ED triage, 41 (21%) subjects were categorized as red, 103 (52%) as yellow, 54 (27%) as green, and two subjects as black. Regarding the mode of transport to the ED, 57 (29%), 17 (9%), and 124 (63%) subjects were transported by ambulances, police vans, and private vehicles, respectively. Among the included subjects, 96 (48%), 65 (33%), and 49 (25%) had head injuries, maxillofacial injuries, and blunt chest trauma, respectively, and the majority (n = 185 [93.4%]) had associated external injuries.

Conclusions:
A coordinated effort by various government, nongovernment agencies, and local communities played an important role in the aftermath of the disaster to save lives. A well-trained medical emergency disaster response team involving multiple stakeholders can help mitigate such tragic incidents.
Incidence of bradycardia with the use of remdesivir for coronavirus disease of 2019 and risk factor analysis
Authors: Steele Samantha M. , Gerlach Anthony Thomas , Elefritz Jessica L. , Sadaqat Heena H , Phelps Megan K. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Remdesivir is commonly used for inpatient treatment of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) and may be associated with bradycardia. The objective is to investigate the incidence of bradycardia in patients with COVID-19 receiving remdesivir and evaluate potential risk factors associated with bradycardia.

Methods:
This single-center, retrospective, cohort study evaluated the incidence of bradycardia during and up to 48 h after remdesivir administration in adults admitted to the medical center for treatment of COVID-19. Secondary endpoints included time to bradycardia after remdesivir administration, incidence of severe bradycardia, incidence of early remdesivir discontinuation due to bradycardia, interventions to treat bradycardia, and inpatient mortality. Univariate analyses were performed to determine factors associated with remdesivir-related bradycardia. Risk factors significant at the 0.20 level in the univariate analysis were entered into a stepwise backward regression analysis to evaluate potential risk factors.

Results:
Bradycardia occurred in 61 (49.2%) of patients with a median nadir of 50 bpm. Median baseline heart rate (HR) was lower in patients who developed bradycardia (79 [67–89] vs. 91 [80–100] P < 0.001). Patients who developed bradycardia had a trend for more nonblack race, higher severity of illness, concurrent acute respiratory distress syndrome diagnosis, history of liver disease, and less hypomagnesemia. Only baseline HR as measured before remdesivir initiation was independently associated with bradycardia by multivariate analysis. Patients who developed bradycardia had a higher inpatient mortality (26.2% vs. 11.1%, P = 0.03).

Conclusion:
Remdesivir-associated bradycardia is common. Baseline HR was identified as an independent risk factor for bradycardia in hospitalized patients being treated with remdesivir for COVID-19.
Critical care nurses’ knowledge and perceived barriers regarding pressure injury prevention among critically ill patients at Baghdad teaching hospitals: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Ajil Zaid Waheed , Majeed Haider Mohammed , Al-Reda Juma Jabur A. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
One of the most vital forms of the affected patient safety is pressure ulcers (PUs), which can be a critical health problem that every day impacts sufferers and healthcare structures. This study aimed to explore the level of nurse’s knowledge and perceived barriers regarding PUs prevention among critically ill patients.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 nurses who working in the critical care units (CCUs) at tertiary teaching hospitals in Baghdad City, the study extended from April to June 2024 to assess the nurses’ knowledge level using the knowledge perceived barriers on the prevention of PUs questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (SPSS version 26).

Results:
The age of the participants included in this study ranged between 18 and 27 years with a mean age of (28.61 ± 6.603) years and females accounted 55% of total study participants. The highest group of the study population has finished their bachelor’s degree (74%). Moreover, less than half of the study population (43%) had <5 years of experience in CCU.

Conclusions:
Nurses’ knowledge on the prevention of PU in CCUs is satisfactory in this study and moderately has a high level of perceived barriers toward PU prevention. Several barriers perceived to affect patients’ quality of care regarding proper prevention of PUs were identified by Iraqi CCUs. The findings of this study suggest that several barriers need to be resolved if proper prevention of PUs is to be guaranteed in CCUs.
Ergonomic Risk Assessment Using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) Tool among Cleaners: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rathod Sahil S. , Desai Devangi S. 
Published: December 2024

Context:
Cleaning consists of different activities such as mopping, sweeping, swabbing, dusting, disposing of trash, and buffing. These different physical activities of the cleaners can change the body’s normal biomechanics, possibly leading to the development of musculoskeletal disorders over time.

Aims:
This study aimed to check the ergonomic risk and its relationship with age, BMI, and work experience among cleaners.

Settings and Design:
The study was conducted among 95 cleaners of different educational institutes and hospitals in Vadodara based on selection criteria.

Methods and Material:
Ergonomic Risk assessment was evaluated by the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) tool for various cleaning tasks (sweeping, mopping, wiping, and picking up trash).

Results:
The ergonomic risk for various cleaning tasks ranged from medium to high. However, the relationship between ergonomic risk assessments for different cleaning tasks (such as sweeping, mopping, wiping, and picking up trash) and factors such as age, BMI, and work experience indicates a statistically weak correlation.

Conclusion:
Medium to high ergonomic risk of various cleaning activities suggests that necessary intervention is required sooner in the form of ergonomic awareness, frequent rest periods, education of safe postures, better tool design, and the establishment of comprehensive policies for occupational safety and health of cleaners.
Occupational Exposure to Air Pollutants and Higher Risk of COPD in Construction Workers: A Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: Narayanasamy Nandita , Josyula Lalita 
Published: December 2024

Introduction:
Construction sites generate high levels of air pollution, contributing to more than 4% of particulate matter in the atmosphere. Literature indicates that on-site pollution is an important factor that contributes to lung impairments in construction workers. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ADRS) are known to be exacerbated because of exposure to a variety of construction pollutants mainly particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5).

Methods:
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether exposure to construction site pollutants is associated with impairment of pulmonary parameters like Forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced expiration volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC. A total of 221 publications of observational studies were reviewed and 18 were selected; the data of which were meta-analyzed.

Results and Discussion:
In all studies the test subjects (construction workers) exposed to occupational air pollutants showed significantly lower FVC and FEV1 as compared expected levels (p≤ 0.01). The calculated Odds ratio indicates that there is positive association between COPD as compared to ARDS and exposure to pollutants.
Estimation of Urinary Lead and Urinary δ-Aminolevulinic Acid as an Index of Lead Exposure in Urban and Rural Residents of West Bengal, India
Authors: Yadav Anupa , Mukhopadhayay Aniruddha , Chakrabarti Amit , Saha Asim , Bhattacharjee Pritha 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Chronic exposure to low-level environmental lead (Pb) causes several health effects in humans. Its biomonitoring by non-invasive biomarkers is imperative to identify Pb exposure in the occupationally unexposed general public.

Objective:
To quantify urinary lead (U-Pb) and urinary δ-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in the general population of West Bengal, India, and identify the impact of routine life activities (smoking habit, traveling, and cooking activities) and sociodemographic factors on U-Pb and U-ALA levels.

Method:
Urine samples (N = 258) were obtained from urban and rural area residents from November 2021 to February 2022. U-Pb and U-ALA were quantified by atomic absorption (283 nm) and UV-spectrometer (553 nm). A structured questionnaire was used for data collection.

Results:
About 8% of rural residents, 15% of urban residential area residents, and 35% of urban commercial area residents had U-ALA levels > 5 mg/L permissible limit. Low-income-group (LIG) individuals had two times higher ALA than the middle-income group. ALA was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in smoker traveler males, traveler females, and females who had passive exposure to tobacco smoke. U-Pb was within permissible limits in total study individuals.

Conclusion:
Pb exposure was higher in urban than rural residents; furthermore, urban commercial residents had Pb exposure higher than urban residential residents. Results are evident that vehicular emissions and tobacco smoke were potential contributors to environmental Pb exposure among study participants. The present work provides data on Pb body burden among the residents of West Bengal that might be useful for policymakers and in pollution abatement strategies too.

JOURNAL/ijoe/04.03/02273301-202428040-00010/figure1/v/2024-12-21T145716Z/r/image-tiff
Association Between Different Dietary Carbohydrate and Risk of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Female Adolescents
Authors: Naghshi Niayesh , Tehrani Asal N. , Rabiei Samira , Behrouz Vahideh , Yari Zahra 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Mental disorders account for a large part of the burden of disease in young population. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between carbohydrate intakes and the risk of depression, anxiety, and stress among female adolescents.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 263 female adolescents aged 15–18 years participated. Depression, anxiety, and stress scores were determined by DASS-21 (Depression Anxiety Stress Score-21 items) questionnaire, and dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Crude and multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through logistic regression analysis.

Results:
Adolescents with depression consumed more glucose and sucrose and less lactose compared to adolescents without depression. After adjustment for all confounders, higher intakes of glucose and sucrose were significantly associated with increased risk of depression (OR glu = 1.3, P = 0.035 and OR suc = 1.41, P = 0.034), anxiety (OR glu = 1.3, P = 0.019 and OR suc = 1.81, P = 0.027), and stress (OR glu = 1.41, P = 0.046 and OR suc = 1.8, P = 0.044). In addition, increasing lactose intake was significantly associated with reducing the risk of depression (OR = 0.96, P = 0.013) and stress (OR = 0.96, P = 0.015).

Conclusions:
This study found significant associations between dietary carbohydrate intake and mental disorders among female adolescent.
Effect of Thrower’s ten exercises versus core strengthening exercise on upper extremity performance in handball players
Authors: Shah Rahi , Thakkar Sonal , Patel Gaurav J. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:
According to Clanton and Dwight (1997) and Marczinka (1993), handball has become one of the most well-liked team sports since the 1960s. Shoulder injuries resulting from overuse are frequent in a variety of throwing sports where the upper arm is repeatedly exposed to extreme velocities and severe stresses. According to the retrospective assessment in the baseline questionnaire, the lifetime prevalence of shoulder discomfort was 41% and was greater in female athletes than in male athletes.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE:
The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of Thrower’s ten (T10) exercise versus core strengthening exercise on the upper extremity performance on handball players.

METHODOLOGY:
A total of 60 female handball players were selected for the study. They were divided into 3 groups 20 in each group. Group A was given T10 exercises, Group B was given core strengthening exercises, and Group C was given conventional exercises. The duration of the study was 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Pre- and postmeasurements of the seated medicine ball throw (SMBT) test, functional throwing performance index (FTPI), and plank test were obtained.

RESULTS:
The pre- and postdata within each group were analyzed using the Paired t-test, while the comparison of pre- and postdata among the three groups was conducted using the ANOVA test.

CONCLUSION:
This study showed that there is a significant difference in SMBT, FTPI, and plank in each individual group but there is a greater significant improvement in Group A, therefore, this study concluded that Group A produce greater improvement in upper extremity performance than core exercise and conventional program.