bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longer‐term impacts of trading restrictions on alcohol‐related violence: insights from New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Athanasopoulos George , Sarafidis Vasilis , Weatherburn Don , Miller Rohan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsIn February 2014, the government of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, introduced new restrictions (known as the ‘lockout laws’) on the sale of alcohol in licensed premises in two of Sydney's most prominent entertainment districts, Kings Cross (KX) and the central business district (CBD). This study aimed to determine: (i) whether the introduction of the lockout laws was the point at which the time pattern of the assault series in the KX and CBD entertainment precincts changed; (ii) whether the apparent reduction in assault in these precincts persists when we control for common variations in assault across the entire state of NSW; (iii) whether the reduction in assault in the KX and CBD entertainment precincts resulted in a displacement of the assault problem into other areas; and (iv) whether there is a net reduction in assault after taking any spill‐over or displacement effects into account.DesignStructural break analysis was used to determine the date at which the time pattern of assaults changed. Interrupted time series analysis with a rest‐of‐NSW comparator was used to assess the change in assault.Setting, cases and measurementsThe monthly totals of incidents of non‐domestic assaults reported to the NSW Police between January 2009 and March 2019 (n = 123).FindingsThe structural break in assaults occurred in January 2014 rather than in February 2014, when the lockout laws were introduced. The reduction in assault persists even when we control for common influences across NSW as a whole. In particular, from January 2014 onwards, assaults fell immediately by 22% (a downward step) in KX (90% confidence interval [CI] = 15–28) and by 33% in the CBD (90% CI = 19–47). Assaults continued declining in KX (trend‐break coefficient = −0.094, 90% CI = −0.192 to 0.005). The reduction in assault in the KX and CBD precincts is associated with a rise in assault in areas surrounding these precincts. The net effect, nonetheless, remains a lower level of assault. In particular, we estimate that the net reduction over the three areas combined was 1670 assaults (i.e. 27 per month).ConclusionSome of the initial reduction in assault in KX and the CBD of Sydney, Australia, previously attributed to the February 2014 introduction of lockout laws may have been a response to publicity surrounding recent deaths connected with alcohol‐related violence.
Comparative analysis of origin and branches of phrenic nerve in the diaphragm of the crab‐eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) and domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)
Authors: Silva Érica Augusta dos Anjos Cerqueira da , Lantyer‐Araujo Nayone Lima , Adami Marta , Silva Ricardo Diniz Guerra e , Almeida Ana Elisa Fernandes de Souza , Martins‐Filho Emanoel Ferreira , Costa‐Neto João Moreira da , Dantas de Faria Marcia Maria M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe crab‐eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) is a canid widely distributed throughout South America, considered the only representative of the gender. There is a lack of information about anatomical aspects of the species, mainly regarded of nervous system anatomy. For clinical and surgical approaches of these animals, the domestic dog is adopted as anatomophysiological model. So, the aim of the present study was to analyse origin and branches of the phrenic nerve in the diaphragm of crab‐eating fox compared to domestic dog. Four specimens of Cerdocyon thous and four of Canis lupus familiaris were used. The phrenic nerve originated from the ventral branches of the fifth (C5), sixth (C6) and seventh (C7) cervical spinal nerves. Phrenic nerves were distributed in the diaphragm as lumbocostal trunk and sternal branch (100%) in the crab‐eating fox, and in costosternal trunk and lumbar branch (75%) and lumbocostal trunk and sternal branch (25%) in the domestic dog. In both species, the lumbar branch innervates the diaphragm pillars, the costal branch addresses all costal region, and the sternal branch distributes in the costal ventrolateral region and the sternal part of the diaphragm, to the left and to the right.
The effect of Zhang’s guideline vs the WHO partograph on childbirth experience measured by the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire in the Labor Progression Study (LaPS): A cluster randomized trial
Authors: Rozsa Daniella Judit , Dalbye Rebecka , Bernitz Stine , Blix Ellen , Dalen Ingvild , Braut Geir Sverre , Eggebø Torbjørn M. , Øian Pål , Sande Ragnar Kvie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIntroductionChildbirth experience is an increasingly recognized and important measure of quality of obstetric care. Previous research has shown that it can be affected by intrapartum care and how labor is followed. A partograph is recommended to follow labor progression by recording cervical dilation over time. There are currently different guidelines in use worldwide to follow labor progression. The two main ones are the partograph recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) based on the work of Friedman and Philpott and a guideline based on Zhang’s research. In our study we assessed the effect of adhering to Zhang’s guideline or the WHO partograph on childbirth experience. Zhang’s guideline describes expected normal labor progression based on data from contemporary obstetric populations, resulting in an exponential progression curve, compared with the linear WHO partograph. The choice of labor curve affects the intrapartum follow‐up of women and this could potentially affect childbirth experience.Material and methodsThe Labor Progression Study (LaPS) study was a prospective, cluster randomized controlled trial conducted at 14 birth centers in Norway. Birth centers were randomized to either follow Zhang’s guideline or the WHO partograph. Nulliparous women in active labor, with one fetus in cephalic presentation at term and spontaneous labor onset were included. At 4 weeks postpartum, included women received an online login to complete the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ). Total score on the CEQ, the four domain scores on the CEQ, and scores on the individual items on the CEQ were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere were 1855 women in the Zhang group and 1749 women in the WHO partograph group. There was no difference in the total or domain CEQ scores between the two groups. We found statistically significant differences for two individual items; women in the Zhang group scored lower on positive memories and feeling of control.ConclusionsBased on our findings on childbirth experience there is no reason to prefer Zhang’s guideline over the WHO partograph.
Opioid misuse in community pharmacy patients with chronic non‐cancer pain
Authors: Philip Camille , Roy Sophie , Eiden Céline , Soler Marion , Georgin François , Müller Agnès , Picot Marie‐Christine , Donnadieu‐Rigole Helene , Peyriere Hélène 
Published: December 2021

AimsCommunity pharmacists could contribute to identify people misusing prescription opioids, which may be associated with hospitalizations, substance use disorders and death. This study investigated prescription opioid misuse in community pharmacy patients and the factors potentially associated with high Prescription Opioid Misuse Index (POMI) scores.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, pharmacy students asked patients with opioid prescriptions to fill in a questionnaire (including the POMI) in community pharmacies in a French region, in April 2019. Eligible patients were adults with chronic non‐cancer pain who consented to participate.ResultsIn total, 414 patients (62.4% women; mean age: 58.00 years ± 16.00) were included. The prescribed opioids were mainly weak opioids (73.2%; paracetamol/tramadol: 35%). Strong opioids (32.6%) included oxycodone (11.95%), fentanyl (9%) and morphine (9%). The median morphine milligram equivalent (MME) was 40 mg/day (IQR25–75: 20–80). The POMI score (0 to 6) was ≥4 in 16% of patients who were younger (P < .01), more urban (P = .03), with higher pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score (P < .01) and MME (P < .01), and treated more frequently with strong opioids (P = .04). In multivariate analysis, age (ORfor 10y: 0.68 (95% CI: 0.56–0.82, P < .0001)), VAS (OR2units: 1.78 (95% CI: 1.26–2.40, P = .0008)), and MME (>100 mg, OR: 2.65 (95% CI: 1.14–4.41, P = .0194)) were significantly associated with POMI scores ≥4.ConclusionsThe high proportion of patients with high POMI scores underlines the interest of prescription opioid misuse screening in community pharmacies, in order to help these patients and refer them to pain specialists, if needed.
Contributing indications to intrapartum and prelabor cesarean births in Iceland 1997‐2015
Authors: Einarsdóttir Kristjana , Steingrímsdóttir Þóra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMore research is needed on the relative contributions of different indications for cesarean birth and how they vary with maternal age and across time. We aimed to assess how the relative contribution of various indications varied with age and by time period in a study of intrapartum and prelabor singleton, term cesarean births (CB) in Iceland.MethodsThe study was restricted to all singleton, term cesarean births in Iceland between 1997 and 2015 identified from the Icelandic Medical Birth Registry (n = 10 856). The contribution of indications was calculated according to maternal age‐ and birth‐year groups for primiparas and multiparas. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsFor intrapartum cesarean births, the relative contribution of fetal distress (AOR = 1.35 [95% CI = 1.12‐1.63]) and failed induction (1.53 [1.15‐2.00]) increased with increasing maternal age, whereas dystocia decreased (0.70 [0.58‐0.83]). For prelabor cesarean births, the contribution of malpresentation (0.83 [0.76‐0.91]) and maternal‐fetal‐obstetric indications (0.59 [0.47‐0.74]) decreased with both birth year and maternal age, whereas the contribution of fear of childbirth (1.80 [1.27‐2.54]) and adverse obstetric history (1.24 [1.12‐1.37]) increased. Previous CB as an indication for cesarean increased until the 2007‐2011 time period, after which it decreased.ConclusionsFor intrapartum cesarean births, the relative contribution of fetal distress and failed induction increased with maternal age, whereas dystocia decreased. For prelabor cesarean births, the relative contribution of more objective indications decreased, whereas more subjective indications increased with time and with increasing maternal age.
Oxygen gradient ektacytometry does not predict pain in children with sickle cell anaemia
Authors: Nardo‐Marino Amina , Petersen Jesper , Brewin John N. , Birgens Henrik , Williams Thomas N. , Kurtzhals Jørgen A. L. , Rees David C. , Glenthøj Andreas 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe loss of red blood cell (RBC) deformability in sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is considered the primary factor responsible for episodes of acute pain and downstream progressive organ dysfunction. Oxygen gradient ektacytometry (Oxygenscan) is a recently commercialised functional assay that aims to describe the deformability of RBCs in SCA at differing oxygen tensions. So far, the Oxygenscan has been evaluated only by a small number of research groups and the validity and clinical value of Oxygenscan‐derived biomarkers have not yet been fully established. In this study we examined RBC deformability measured with the Oxygenscan in 91 children with SCA at King’s College Hospital in London. We found a significant correlation between Oxygenscan‐derived biomarkers and well‐recognised modifiers of disease severity in SCA: haemoglobin F and co‐inherited α‐thalassaemia. We failed, however, to find any independent predictive value of the Oxygenscan in the clinical outcome measure of pain, as well as other important parameters such as hydroxycarbamide treatment. Although the Oxygenscan remains an intriguing tool for basic research, our results question whether it provides any additional information in predicting the clinical course in children with SCA, beyond measuring known markers of disease severity.
Paclitaxel‐based supramolecular hydrogel loaded with mifepristone for the inhibition of breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Zhao Cui‐Cui , Zhang Chuan‐Gui , Sun Xuan , Guo Qingxiang , Liu Jinjian , Liu Yan , Hao Ya‐Nan , Feng Guowei , Yang Lijun , Liu Hong , Liu Jianfeng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women and almost all of the breast cancer‐caused mortality is related to metastasis. It has been reported that glucocorticoid facilitates the metastasis of breast cancer in mice, and mifepristone can antagonize the effect of glucocorticoid. Paclitaxel is one of the important drugs in the treatment of breast cancer. Mifepristone combined with paclitaxel could be an effective strategy for inhibiting breast cancer metastasis. However, their inherent defects, in terms of short blood circulation half‐life and lack of tumor targeting, not only limit their effectiveness but also cause adverse reactions. Therefore, our aim is to explore a novel protocol against breast cancer metastasis, further optimize its therapeutic efficacy by a nanodelivery system, and explore its mechanism. Herein, a paclitaxel‐conjugated and mifepristone‐loaded hydrogel (PM‐nano) was prepared by self‐assembly. Its characterizations were studied. The antimetastatic effect was evaluated in vitro and in vivo and its mechanism was also explored by western blot assay. The resultant PM‐nano was developed with favorable water solubility and good biocompatibility. Moreover, PM‐nano displayed increased cell uptake properties and stimulated drug release in the tumor micro‐acidic environment. The PM‐nano was more effective in inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer than other groups in vitro and in vivo. The PM‐nano might inhibit metastasis through glucocorticoid receptor/receptor tyrosine kinase‐like orphan receptor 1 and MMPs. Taken together, PM‐nano showed superior antimetastatic effects against breast cancer and excellent biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, providing a new option for limiting metastasis.
Hygiene‐related knowledge, attitude and practice: An imperative study among primary caregivers of the under three aboriginal children in Malaysia
Authors: Minhat Halimatus Sakdiah , Zakaria Liyanatul Najwa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundParental and caregivers' hygiene‐related knowledge, attitude and practice are compelling factors in the prevention of stunting and malnutrition among the aboriginal children in Malaysia, which are highly modifiable. This study was conducted to explore the knowledge, attitude and practice related to hygiene among primary caregivers of the under three aboriginal (known as Orang Asli) children community in Malaysia.MethodsA total of 166 primary caregivers of the under three children of the aboriginal community in Kuala Langat district, Selangor were recruited. Data related to caregivers', child's and environmental factors were collected using a validated and reliable questionnaire, with knowledge, attitude and practice being the dependent variables. IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0 was used to analyse the data. Pearson's correlation was conducted to identify the relationship between continuous data. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice related to hygiene, as well as the predictors.ResultsThe mean scores for knowledge, attitude and practice related to hygiene were 6.91 (2.12), 23.67 (3.16), 29.97 (3.55) and 43.05 (4.41), respectively. Significant moderate positive correlations were found between attitude and hygiene practice (r = 0.445, P < 0.001). Self‐efficacy was significantly correlated with attitude (r = 0.442, P < 0.001) and practice (r = 0.557, P < 0.001), with every unit increase in self‐efficacy will predict 0.281 and 0.536 increase in attitude (B = 0.281, 95% CI: 0.126–0.435) and practice (B = 0.536, 95% CI: 0.348–0.725) scores respectively.ConclusionModerate mean scores for hygiene related knowledge, attitude and practice were observed in this study, with self‐efficacy being a significant predictor for both hygiene‐related attitude and practice but not knowledge. The self‐efficacy of the caregivers should be sustained through continuous health education and counselling, to ensure improved hygiene practice. Future related research should consider the mediating role of self‐efficacy on attitude and practice.
From research ‘on’ to research ‘with’ children about their family lives: A scoping review of ethical and methodological challenges
Authors: Dubois Anne‐Catherine , Lahaye Magali , Aujoulat Isabelle 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989, interest in the ethical and methodological challenges involved in conducting research with children has increased considerably. Researchers who work with children have to take into account children's intrinsic physical, mental and emotional vulnerability as well as their interdependence with other family members, particularly their parents. This is especially challenging in research that seeks to explore children's lived experience in relation to aspects of their family lives.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify specific ethical issues and ways of overcoming challenges in conducting research with children on some aspects of their family lives.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review according to the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist. Seventeen publications were selected for data extraction and synthesis, 4 of which were original studies and 13 reflexive papers.ResultsOur results confirm that a research project that asks children about aspects of their family lives leads to a number of ethical tensions: While children depend on their parents and family to ensure that their safety and physical needs are met, they also greatly contribute to the development of family dynamics. We highlight methodological strategies that allow researchers to mitigate the ethical challenges that are inherent to this type of research.Discussion/conclusionA promising approach is to use participative methods at each stage of research, including developing a trusting and triadic partnership that includes parents, children, a multidisciplinary research team and professional gatekeepers. Benefits as well as possible risks for participants should also be considered when children and their parents are engaged in a study.
The parenting skill development and education service: Telehealth support for families at risk of child maltreatment during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Fogarty Alison , Jones Andi , Seymour Monique , Savopoulos Priscilla , Evans Kirsty , O'Brien Jacquie , O'Dea Liz , Clout Peter , Auletta Sarah , Giallo Rebecca 
Published: December 2021

AbstractChildren are at heightened risk of maltreatment during community wide crises. The Parenting Skill Development and Education (PSDE) Service is a 6‐week telehealth intervention designed and implemented during the COVID‐19 pandemic to support families with young children in Australia at risk of child maltreatment. This study aimed to conduct a formative review of the PSDE service to (a) describe families accessing the PSDE during the pandemic, (b) determine parent and referrers' satisfaction of the service and (c) explore clinicians' experiences of service delivery. A mixed‐method study design incorporating the analysis of routinely collected data, and qualitative interviews with clinicians was conducted. Participants were 11 families displaying child maltreatment risk and 11 clinicians. Parents accessing the service were experiencing considerable risk factors for child maltreatment. The service was deemed acceptable by parents and referrers; however, several challenges in telehealth delivery were documented including parent engagement, technology difficulties and assessing child safety. Our findings highlighted the importance of ensuring adequate support and monitoring of families where there is child maltreatment risk during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In addition, these findings highlight the acceptability of telehealth services to support families at risk of child maltreatment for families, clinicians, and referrers.
Retracted: IoT incorporated deep learning model combined with SmartBin technology for real‐time solid waste management
Authors: Sivakumar Muthuramalingam , Renuka Perumal , Chitra Pandian , Karthikeyan Sundararajan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith a view of the massive human resources and time requirements, the need for an automated, more accurate, and quicker method for handling the classification of solid wastes is felt more than ever worldwide. In this work, an attempt has been made to develop a model named SmartBin. Two different approaches have been followed to classify solid wastes as biodegradable and non‐biodegradable efficiently. The first approach is based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and Internet of Things (IoT), while the second approach adds several sensors to the model developed using the first approach. CNN‐based IoT is applied on datasets collected using three methods. The first one is Images from Kaggle; the second method adopted searches through Google and Bing, whereas the third one involved captured manually under a controlled environment. It is observed that the second approach has proved to be better, with an accuracy level of 98.57, which is a significantly improved performance over the first approach with an accuracy of 95.24%.
Tri‐transformer Hawkes process via dot‐product attention operations with event type and temporal encoding
Authors: Song Zhi‐yan , Liu Jian‐wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAsynchronous event sequences widely exist in the real world, such as social networks, electronic medical records, financial data, and genome analysis. For modeling asynchronous event sequences in the continuous time domain, point process has become the underpinning. In the initial research stage, Hawkes process is widely used because it can capture the self‐triggering and mutual triggering modes between different events in a variety of point process functions. In recent years, due to the development of neural networks, deep point process (also known as neural point process) can learn models with the stronger fitting ability and reduce the dependence on prior knowledge by using the powerful capacity of neural networks. The proposal of the transformer Hawkes process (THP) has led to a huge performance improvement, so a new climax of the transformer‐based deep Hawkes process is set off. However, THP does not make full use of the event and temporal information underlying the asynchronous event sequence, meanwhile, if we simply take the event type encoding and temporal encoding as the sequence encoding, a single transformer may suffer from learning bias. In order to circumvent these problems, we propose a tri‐transformer Hawkes process model (TTHP), in which the event and temporal information are introduced to the dot‐product attention operations as auxiliary information to form different multihead attention, respectively, and are utilized to build three heterogeneous learners. A series of well‐designed experiments on synthetic and real‐world datasets validate the effectiveness of the proposed TTHP.