bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
النَّائبُ الشَّيخ سلمان الظَّاهر الخُزَاعِي ودوره السِّياسي في المجلس التَّأسيسي والنَّواب العراقي (1921-1926م)
Authors: أ. م. د. هلال كاظم حميري  
Published: December 2024

الملخص:
يُعَدُ النَّائب سّلمان الظَّاهر من الأَسماء التِّي لا يمكن تجاوزها عند الحديث عن تاريخ العراق الحديث والمعاصر، وحركة المقاومة ضد الاحتلال الأجنبي للعراق، التِّي شهدتها مناطق الفرات الأَوسط على مدى سنوات ولاسيما في بدايات القرن العشرين فقد تفاعلت معه فكرة "التأسيس والمقاومة" في ذاته وسلوكه فعّبرت عن نفسها بمعطيات ملموسة وواضحة عَدَّت من بين أهم إسهاماته في ميدان الفكر والتَّأسيس لعراق ما بعد الاحتلال البريطاني.
وأن الحديث عن تاريخ العراق في بداية تأسيس المملكة العراقية لا يكتمل ولا يأخذ مداه الحقيقي ولا تتحقق أهدافة العلمية والاجتماعية دون المرور بمشايخ الفرات الأوسط ،ومنهم الشَّيخ سلمان الظَّاهر الخُزاعِي كونه نتاج بيئة الوسط ومدرسة المضايف في الريف العراقي، إِذ أدرك منذ وقت مبكر من حياته ضرورة تأسيس كيان عراقي ليواكب التَّطورات التي شهدتها المنطقة والعالم لاسيما بعد انتهاء الحرب العالمية الأولى 1914-1918م، وتشكيل عُصبة الأُمم عام 1919م، وطرح موضوح حقوق الإِنسان، فكانت النِّتائج في الإِشتراك في لجان المجلس التَّأسيسي والنُّواب العراقي 1922- 1926م، لسن القانون الأَساسي لدولة العراق في العهد الملكي.
قَدَّم الشَّيخ سَلمان الظَّاهر، أعمال مهمة في المشروع العراقي لبناء مملكة العراق في عهد الملك فيصل الاول في ضل الإِنتداب البريطاني على العراق بتاريخ (25 نيسان1920- 1932م)، بعد أَنْ تَشكلت كتلة (النُّواب العشائرية) بناءاً على مقترح من الملك فيصل بضرورة أشراك رؤساء العشائر في المجالس التَّأسيسية والنِّيابية، منطلقًا من رغبته في تأسيس علاقات طيبة مع كل نخب العراق المُؤثرين لبناء الدولة العراقية الجديدة، بدليل أَنَّ المجلس التَّأسيسي العراقي شارك فيه كلُّ الشَّرائح والإثنيات العراقية، وأَدى النُّواب جهود مضنية في سَن أَول قانون أَساسي عِراقي خلال سنه تقريباً، إِذ حَددت وزارة النَّقيب الثَّالثة 24 ت1 1922م البدء في انتخابات المجلس التَّأسِيسي العراقي طبقًا للنظام الصَّادر في 4 آذار 1922، وحددت مهامه بثلاث نقاط هي وضع دستور(القانون الأَساسي) للمملكة العراق وسن قانون مجلس النُّواب والتَّصديق على الاتفاقية البريطانية –العراقية، إِلَّا أَنَّ المعارضة العراقية المتمثلة برجال الدِّين والمثقفين ورؤساء الأَحزاب رفضوا هذا الأَمر جملة وتفصيلا.
ومن هنا تبين أَهمية هذا الموضوع، لأَنَّ الأَحداث السِّياسية في العراق أَصبحت لها مسارات متعدد لاسيما وأَنَّ النواب العشائريين، الَّذين يتمتعون بثقل عشائري كبيرو يميلون الى العنف والإِضطرابات أَحياناً، وكان غالبيتهم مع تطلعات المعارضين للوجود البريطاني في العراق، فقد مارسُوا الطَّعن في الاتفاقية البريطانية - العراقية، وعدم رغبتهم في التَّصديق عليها ، واستخدم قسم منهم عدم التَّصويت لها والتَّغيب عن جلسات المجلس، أَما موقف النَّائب سلمان الظَّاهر، فقد حَرص على عدم تمرير الاتفاقية تلبية لنداء المرجعية آنذاك ولم يحظر التَّصويت على التَّصديق على معاهدة 1922م، ورفضها، بَعدما استخدم المعارضين للمعاهدة أَساليب وقيم عَشائرية معروفة في الوسط الرِّيفي العراقي مثل (شد الكوفية) وغيرها
تجليات الخوف في شعر العتابي (ت 220هـ) والنمري (ت 190ه) دراسة موازنة
Authors: ا.م.د. بلاسم حسن حمادي الخفاجي  
Published: December 2024

تكررت ظاهرة الخوف في نتاج شاعري بحثنا، وتجلَّت بدافعين هما؛ الخوف من الفقر، والخوف من السلطان، لذا تم توزيع البحث على ثلاث مباحث؛ الأول: "مفهوم الخوف ونبذة عن حياة الشاعرين"، والثاني: "دوافع الخوف عند الشاعرين"، والثالث: "أثر الخوف في الخصائص الفنية عند الشاعرين"، ومن نتائجه؛ إن مدحهما للخليفة كان بدافع الخوف من سيفه، وطلباً للعفو عن قومهما، وبموازنة نصوصهما؛ نجد النمري أشد خوفاً من العتابي، إذ أوجزَ العتابي قصيدته فكانت مخططة الفكر منسوجة المنهج بعامل المنطق العقلي والحجاج القولي، فأثارت إعجاب البلاغيين أكثر من إثارة الرشيد، بينما أثارت قصائد النمري الرشيدَ لتطرقه موضوعاً سياسياً، فاقتضى الحال الإطناب في المقدمة والمديح والختام، بمحسنات بديعية وفكرة شعرية ومنهج، فأصبح النمري شاعرَ الخليفة، بينما أصبح شعر العتابي مقياساً لدخول الشعراء على الخليفة والأمراء، ولا غروَ أن يتقدم العتابي على تلميذه النمري وراويته الذي عنه أخذ، ومن بحره استقى، وبمذهبه تشبه، ولم نجد للنمري شعراً بدافع الخوف من الفقر، بينما وجدنا للعتابي شعراً مضطرباً؛ بين القناعة في العيش، والشكوى من الفقر خوفاً وتذمراً، وأن رواية الصلح بين الشاعرين غير دقيقة، والمدان في السعي هو العتابي، ولم يكن النمري في بادئ أمره منافقاً في مدحه، لأنه كان على مذهب الخوارج، وبعد تشيعه أصبح مدحه للرشيد تورية وتقية.
Design of Fish Restocking Station for a Water Diversion Project in Guangdong
Authors: Chen Deye , Shen Kunlun , Wu Shengzhe 
Published: December 2024

According to ‘Environmental Impact Report of the Water Diversion Project in Guangdong’ and its reply of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, a fish restocking station is required to be constructed. The fish restocking station locates in the vicinity of Xijiang River in Yunfu City, Guangdong Province. The primary species for breeding include Gan, Siniperca chuatsi, Channa maculata, Snakehead mullet and Spinibarbus with an annual scale of 450,000 tails. The station is equipped with parent fish pools, hatchery workshop, fry workshop, outdoor fish breeding pool, ancillary circulating water treatment rooms and wastewater treatment facilities. Recirculating aquaculture pattern is adopted. This paper gives a thorough introduction on technical design of fish restocking station, thus providing reference for similar projects.
Pengaruh Senam Irama Terhadap Perkembangan Motorik Anak
Authors: Aurora Novena Simamora  , Grace Putri Sigalingging  , Yola Adelina Naipospos  , Fransiska Situmorang  , Fajar Sidik Siregar  
Published: December 2024

The development of motor skills is an important aspect of children's growth, affecting physical skills, muscle coordination, and daily activities. In elementary school, motor development influences children's academic and social abilities. Rhythmic gymnastics is a structured physical activity that can enhance children's motor skills, such as strength, balance, and coordination. This study examines the application of rhythmic gymnastics to improve gross motor skills in elementary school students using literature review and digital research methods. The purpose of this research is to study the impact of rhythmic gymnastics on children's motor development through a literary research approach. The methodology used is a literature review that includes a critical analysis of various academic sources such as journals, books, and relevant articles. The results of the study indicate that rhythmic gymnastics can significantly improve children's gross and fine motor skills. Rhythmic gymnastics activities involving rhythmic movements, coordination, and balance contribute positively to children's physical and cognitive development. Furthermore, rhythmic gymnastics has also been proven effective in enhancing children's social and emotional aspects through enjoyable and structured group activities. These results highlight the importance of incorporating rhythmic gymnastics into the elementary school curriculum to support the development of gross motor skills.
PENGARUH PENYULUHAN ANTI-NARKOBA TERHADAP REMAJA DI KEPENGHULUAN RANTAU PANJANG KANAN
Authors: Silvana Fetmi , Ananda Ahmadi Ihsan , Husada Annisa Fitriani , Manelsi Melani Putri , Agusti Fidiya , Bahari Dimas , Oktaviani Silvia Ulandari , Salsabilla Zahara , Fadly Gusti Okta , Wirangga Rafly , Achmad Luna Nadini 
Published: December 2024

Penyalahgunaan narkoba di kalangan merupakan masalah sosial yang kompleks dan memerlukan intervensi yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penyuluhan anti-narkoba terhadap perubahan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku remaja di Kepenghuluan Rantau Panjang Kanan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatfi. Penyuluhan dilakukan selama sehari dengan materi yang mencakup bahaya narkoba, cara pencegahan, dan pengenalan layanan rehabilitasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan pada tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap positif terhadap bahaya narkoba setelah mengikuti penyuluhan. Selain itu, terdapat perubahan perilaku yang lebih baik dalam hal penghindaran terhadap risiko penyalahgunaan narkoba. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penyuluhan anti-narkoba memiliki efek positif dalam meningkatkan kesadaran dan mengurangi niat penyalahgunaan narkoba di kalangan remaja. Oleh karena itu, program penyuluhan yang berkesinambungan dan melibatkan berbagai pihak perlu terus ditingkatkan sebagai bagian dari upaya pencegahan penyalahgunaan narkoba di daerah pedesaan.
Membangun pemahaman soal cerita matematika siswa kelas I SDN Jogosatru dengan menerapkan model STAD
Authors: Assayyidah Jasmine , Agung Setiawan  
Published: December 2024

Pokok masalah dalam penelitian ini yaitu rendahnya pemahaman siswa kelas I pada soal cerita matematika, oleh karena itu penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan oleh peneliti memiliki tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan adanya pengaruh terhadap pemahaman siswa kelas I pada soal cerita matematika dengan menggunakan model kooperatif tipe STAD (Student Teams Achievement Divisions). Populasi dalam penelitihan ini adalah siswa kelas I SDN Jogosatru, dengan menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh dalam menentukan sampel penelitian ini. Peneliti menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian deskriptif adalah penelitian yang mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan suatu gejala dan peristiwa yang terjadi saat sekarang atau masalah aktual secara sistematik dan akurat dengan temuan-temuan fakta di lapangan. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui kegiatan wawancara, observasi, tes dan dokumentasi, sehingga mampu mendapatkan data yang valid dan kesimpulan yang didapatkan oleh peneliti tidak akan diragukan kebenarannya. Pada penelitian terdapat dua siklus penelitian, pada siklus I awal diterapkannya model pembelajaran STAD hasil belajar memperoleh nilai rata-rata 60% sedangkan pada siklus II hasil belajar yang diperoleh mencapai 73% nilai rata-rata siswa kelas I SDN Jogosatru. Berdasarkan hasil belajar tersebut, maka model pembelajaran STAD mampu memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadappemahaman siswa pada soal cerita matematika.
Legal aspects of classification of agricultural raw materials and products by environmental levels in the field of organic products circulation
Authors: Vorontsova Oksana Viktorovna , Korshik Tatyana   Sergeevna , Mastihina Anastasiya  Leonidovna 
Published: December 2024

The article examines the regulatory norms governing the production of organic products through the prism of categorical analysis, taking into account the synergy of the main indicators of environmental friendliness, agricultural raw materials and finished food products developed during the analysis of existing laws and standards related to organic farming, including international and national regulations, rules for certification of organic products, requirements for the use of fertilizers and pesticides. The authors have attempted to identify and classify various aspects of levels of environmental friendliness of products and raw materials, taking into account such factors as conservation of biodiversity, careful use of resources, and reduction of anthropogenic impact on soil and reservoirs. The impact of several key consumer factors on trust in organic products was considered, such as access to complete and reliable product information, an informed and rational approach to purchasing and using goods, the desire to support local producers and motivation to purchase locally produced goods. In turn, consumer trust and sustained commitment should be ensured by regulatory measures to identify and support bona fide organic producers. For example, such as certification of organic production conducted by independent organizations, campaigns to raise awareness of the differences between organic products and responsible organizations, the allocation of grants and subsidies to create reliable digital sources of information and control within the framework of an evolving product traceability system. Based on the analysis, the authors made recommendations for improving the regulatory framework governing the processes of production, turnover and processing of organic products according to the degree of influence on the possibility of classifying a product to a certain level of environmental friendliness according to five main indicators: raw materials, production, ingredients, energy and efficiency. This approach can serve as a basis for the development of regulatory requirements for food products, in turn, it will help create a more sustainable market for processed food products that meets the needs and expectations of modern consumers.
Effects of Cardiovascular Rehabilitation in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Navarro Flavia Cristina , Oliveira Mariana , Sampaio Luciana Maria Malosa , Colombo Fernanda Marciano Consolim 
Published: December 2024

Background: Home-based physical training is a promising alternative to conventional supervised training for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). Although the beneficial effects of exercise interventions are well established in patients with CHD, there is still a lack of knowledge about the variety and utility of existing programs.
Aims: Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials publications on the population of children with CHD, which analyzes outpatient and home cardiopulmonary rehabilitation in children with congenital heart disease.
Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Methodology: The searches were carried out in the MEDLINE and PEDro databases. The PICO search strategy was adopted: P (patient) = Child with CHD; I (intervention) = Outpatient rehabilitation and home rehabilitation; C (control) = no activity; O (result) = peak VO2.
Results: Six studies were included in the narrative analysis and all were published in English. RCTs were performed in Canada (n = 2), France (n = 2), Norway (n = 1) and Holland (n = 1). The total number of participants analyzed in all studies was 321 participants (conventional rehabilitation 81 and 63 control; home rehabilitation 98 and 79 control). Regarding gender discrimination, 150 boys and 171 girls were reported. The age range of participants was 6 to 15 years, with most studies reporting mean ages ≤15. A total of six studies involving 578 participants were included. The three studies reporting the peak VO2 at the beginning and after training, which included 144 patients (Rehabilitation 81 patients / Control 63 patients). This comparison was statistically significant 2.81 [0.89, 4.74]; Z = 2.86 (p <0.004) and I2 = 49%. The other three studies reported peak VO2 at baseline and after home rehabilitation, including 177 patients (Reab 98 patients / Control 70 patients). This comparison, however, was not statistically significant (p = 0.66).
Conclusion: The present data suggest that outpatient rehabilitation in children is more effective than home rehabilitation when oxygen consumption analyses is considered.
Flow Field‐Induced One‐Step Electrodeposition Process to Fabricate Superhydrophobic Films for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Hu Jiacheng , Xian Yeming , Kang Zhixin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWidely used flexible electronics are vulnerable to liquid infiltration during working, and the superhydrophobic surface has an available protective effect. In this work, a flow field‐induced one‐step electrodeposition method is used to fabricate superhydrophobic films. The main components are cerium myristate (CeM) and carboxylated multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs‐COOH). The morphology of the films changes a lot due to the addition of MWCNTs‐COOH from granular structure to network structure. The faster rotation of solution makes the deposition of MWCNTs‐COOH more uniform without vertical patterned stripes and smoother surfaces. The films’ deionized water contact angles are not affected, but the sliding angles decline distinctly because of the smoother surface. Besides, two competing flow fields and electric fields will degrade the wettability of the films electrodeposited for a short time at 10 V. Electrochemical performance tests and abrasion tests are employed to examine if the superhydrophobic films can withstand abrasions, impacts, and electrochemical corrosion. The lowest electric resistivity of the films reaches 56.1 ± 4.3 mΩ mm. In the end, a light‐emitting diode bulb connected to a simple, flexible circuit prepared by a selective mask method can glow, which also proves its potential for applications in flexible electronics.
Profiling racial prejudice during COVID‐19: Who exhibits anti‐Asian sentiment in Australia and the United States?
Authors: Tan Xiao , Lee Rennie , Ruppanner Leah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFollowing the COVID‐19 outbreak, anti‐Asian racism increased around the world, as exhibited through greater instances of abuse and hate crimes. To better understand the scale of anti‐Asian racism and the characteristics of people who may be expressing racial prejudice, we sampled respondents in Australia and the United States over 31 August–9 September 2020 (1375 Australians and 1060 Americans aged 18 or above; source YouGov). To address potential social desirability bias, we use both direct and indirect (list experiment) questions to measure anti‐Asian sentiment and link these variables to key socioeconomic factors. We find that, instead of being universal among general populations, anti‐Asian sentiment is patterned differently across both country contexts and socioeconomic groups. In the United States, the most significant predictor of anti‐Asian bias is political affiliation. By contrast, in Australia, anti‐Asian bias is closely linked to a wide range of socioeconomic factors including political affiliation, age, gender, employment status and income.
A New Dioxazolone for the Synthesis of 1,2‐Aminoalcohols via Iridium(III)‐Catalyzed C(sp3)−H Amidation
Authors: Antien Kevin , Geraci Andrea , Parmentier Michael , Baudoin Olivier 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVicinal aminoalcohols are widespread structural motifs in bioactive molecules. We report the development of a new dioxazolone reagent containing a p‐nitrophenyldifluoromethyl group, which 1. displays a good safety profile; 2. shows a remarkably high reactivity in the oxime‐directed iridium(III)‐catalyzed amidation of unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds; 3. leads to amide products which can be hydrolyzed under mild conditions. The amidation reaction is mild, general and compatible with both primary C−H bonds of tertiary and secondary alcohols, as well as secondary C−H bonds of cyclic secondary alcohols. This method provides an easy access to free 1,2‐aminoalcohols after efficient and mild cleavage of the oxime directing group and activated amide.
School safety and violence: Enhancing organizational and clinical responses
Authors: Holinger Paul C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSchool safety and violence is an important and complex topic. This study explores three major aspects of these issues, and I use two case studies as illustrations. First, in Case Study #1, I examine some of the problems in identifying and treating troubled youngsters in schools. The resistances to pursuing treatment, follow‐up, and outcome are highlighted. Second, a pilot study of intensive treatment and follow‐up of very troubled school‐age children and their parents is explored (Case Study #2). This investigation, along with other research, suggests that such children and parents can be identified and benefit from treatment, with enhanced understanding of the resistances and dynamics involved. Various diagnoses, clinical work, and long‐term follow‐up of both children and parents are discussed. Third, there is consideration given to the questions and potential solutions raised in reference to the case studies.
Nanomaterial‐assisted determination of osteosarcoma by antibody–osteopontin–aptamer sandwich ELISA
Authors: Chen Hulin , Yang Fei , Yin Guorui , Song Pengfei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractImmobilization and detection of small molecules is one of the challenging tasks in any given sensing system as the dissociation equilibrium constant is higher. Generating a right immobilization system with small molecules is mandatory for developing the drug‐discovery process and disease identification. Immobilizing smaller probes on the ELISA plate is challenging because of its less adsorption on the polystyrene (PS) substrate. This research work developed an iron nanomaterial‐based linker to attach osteopontin‐specific aptamer on PS substrate. Iron oxide nanoparticle was attached on PS plate through amine modification and then antibody was attached by COOH reaction. On the osteopontin‐modified plate, osteosarcoma biomarker of osteopontin was identified by its specific antibody and aptamer sandwich with the detection limit of 1 nM. Further, biofouling experiments with other molecules, such as lysozyme, and complementary aptamer failed to show the ELISA adsorption signal, indicating the iron oxide nanoparticle‐modified PS plate specifically recognizes osteopontin. This research work effectively identifies the lesser abundance of osteopontin and helps to diagnose the osteosarcoma‐related problems.
Teaching young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities to recognize and respond to coworker victimization
Authors: Peterson Andrea M. , Fisher Marisa H. , Brodhead Matthew T. , Sung Connie , Uher Alyssa 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are at risk of experiencing social victimization and should be taught to respond to potential victimization they may encounter in a workplace. Using a multiple probe across participants design, the current study evaluated the effectiveness of behavioral skills with multiple exemplar training (BS + MET) to teach four young adults with IDD a four‐step response to coworker victimization protocol. Two participants demonstrated mastery of this response after only BS + MET, while the other two participants demonstrated mastery of the response after BS + MET and additional in situ training (IST). Three of the four participants demonstrated generalization across settings, across exemplars, and with coworkers, and they maintained the response up to two months after the completion of training. This study expands research of BS + MET and IST to teach safety skills to adults with IDD. Implications for further research are discussed.
Development of an artificial biosynthetic pathway for biosynthesis of (S)‐reticuline based on HpaBC in engineered Escherichia coli
Authors: Guo Daoyi , Kong Sijia , Sun Yue , Li Xun , Pan Hong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBenzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are an important class of plant secondary metabolites with a variety of pharmacological activities. Although they are widely used, traditionally these compounds are extracted from natural sources because their structure is too complicated to achieve economically feasible chemical synthesis. Thus, microbial biosynthesis of BIAs is expected to reduce dependence on natural extracts. (S)‐Reticuline is an important precursor for BIAs biosynthesis. Therefore, it is an attractive engineering target. In this study, we reported the development of a novel (S)‐reticuline biosynthetic pathway based on 4‐hydroxyphenylacetate 3‐hydroxylase (HpaBC) in Escherichia coli. Then, we further improved the (S)‐reticuline production to 307 ± 26.8 mg/L by increasing the availability of the precursor 3, 4‐dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. The E. coli cell factory developed in this study can be used as a potential platform for further efficient biosynthesis of BIAs derivatives.