bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does comparison of self with others influence body image among adult women? An experimental study in naturalistic settings
Authors: Laker Victoria , Waller Glenn 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and Objectives
It has been suggested that body comparison is a safety behavior in eating disorders. This experimental study investigates the causal impact of upward and downward body comparison on body image, eating pathology, self-esteem, anxiety and mood. It also considers whether trait body comparison and eating pathology are associated with responsiveness to upward and downward comparison.

Methods
Thirty-nine women participated. Each completed trait comparison and eating pathology measures. Following this, each participant spent an hour (on different days) making an upward, downward or neutral comparison in a naturalistic setting. After each condition, the participant completed measures of body satisfaction, self-esteem, anxiety, depression and eating pathology.

Results
Participants were significantly less satisfied with their bodies following upward comparison. Both upward and downward comparison were associated with particularly negative effects if an individual had greater trait eating concerns. The effects of downward comparison were correlated with increased anxiety.

Limitations
The sample was lacking in diversity. Compliance with the experimental tasks was not strictly monitored.

Conclusions
Upward comparison resulted in lower body satisfaction, but downward comparison did not result in positive effects. However, trait eating concerns and comparison influenced the impact of both forms of comparison. Body comparison should be a target for treatment in CBT for eating disorders, particularly where the individual has a strong tendency to make comparisons with other people.

Level of evidence
Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case–control analytic studies.
Sliding mode-based online fault compensation control for modular reconfigurable robots through adaptive dynamic programming
Authors: Xia Hongbing , Guo Ping 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a sliding mode (SM)-based online fault compensation control scheme is investigated for modular reconfigurable robots (MRRs) with actuator failures via adaptive dynamic programming. It consists of a SM-based iterative controller, an adaptive robust term and an online fault compensator. For fault-free MRR systems, the SM surface-based Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation is solved by online policy iteration algorithm. The adaptive robust term is added to guarantee the reachable condition of SM surface. For faulty MRR systems, the actuator failure is compensated online to avoid the fault detection and isolation mechanism. The closed-loop MRR system is guaranteed to be asymptotically stable under the developed fault compensation control scheme. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the present fault compensation control approach.
Solar structure and evolution
Authors: Christensen-Dalsgaard Jørgen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Sun provides a critical benchmark for the general study of stellar structure and evolution. Also, knowledge about the internal properties of the Sun is important for the understanding of solar atmospheric phenomena, including the solar magnetic cycle. Here I provide a brief overview of the theory of stellar structure and evolution, including the physical processes and parameters that are involved. This is followed by a discussion of solar evolution, extending from the birth to the latest stages. As a background for the interpretation of observations related to the solar interior I provide a rather extensive analysis of the sensitivity of solar models to the assumptions underlying their calculation. I then discuss the detailed information about the solar interior that has become available through helioseismic investigations and the detection of solar neutrinos, with further constraints provided by the observed abundances of the lightest elements. Revisions in the determination of the solar surface abundances have led to increased discrepancies, discussed in some detail, between the observational inferences and solar models. I finally briefly address the relation of the Sun to other similar stars and the prospects for asteroseismic investigations of stellar structure and evolution.
The evolution of the solar wind
Authors: Vidotto Aline A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHow has the solar wind evolved to reach what it is today? In this review, I discuss the long-term evolution of the solar wind, including the evolution of observed properties that are intimately linked to the solar wind: rotation, magnetism and activity. Given that we cannot access data from the solar wind 4 billion years ago, this review relies on stellar data, in an effort to better place the Sun and the solar wind in a stellar context. I overview some clever detection methods of winds of solar-like stars, and derive from these an observed evolutionary sequence of solar wind mass-loss rates. I then link these observational properties (including, rotation, magnetism and activity) with stellar wind models. I conclude this review then by discussing implications of the evolution of the solar wind on the evolving Earth and other solar system planets. I argue that studying exoplanetary systems could open up new avenues for progress to be made in our understanding of the evolution of the solar wind.
Freiheit in datafizierten Kontexten?
Authors: Baum Markus 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Text verfolgt zwei Ziele: Ausgehend von Debatten zum Verhältnis von Digitalisierung und neoliberalem Kapitalismus geht er in einem ersten Schritt der Frage nach, inwiefern der hier als politische Philosophie verstandene Neoliberalismus und die digitale Mentalität der Solution eine Verbindung in Theorie und Praxis eingegangen sind. Dabei ist der Anspruch, bisher nicht berücksichtigte Widersprüche zwischen beiden freizulegen, um einer adäquaten politikwissenschaftlichen Diskussion des gegenwärtigen Digitalisierungsprozesses den Weg zu bereiten. In einem zweiten Schritt vollzieht der Text eine in der Tradition des Republikanismus stehende Kritik des Digitalisierungsprozesses neoliberaler Gesellschaften, dessen Kern als Datafizierung einer Vielzahl gesellschaftlicher Bereiche bestimmt wird. Da mit diesem begrifflichen Mittel systemisch angelegte Dynamisierungseffekte sowie eine spezifische Rationalität des Transformationsprozesses in den Blick gerückt werden, kann der Text insbesondere die freiheitsgefährende Unterminierung von Urteils- und Handlungspotentialen zur Diskussion stellen.
Smooth pulse recovery based on hybrid wavelet threshold denoising and first derivative adaptive smoothing filter
Authors: Qian Xinlei , Fan Wei , Lu Xinghua , Wang Xiaochao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Based on the pulse-shaping unit in the front end of high-power laser facilities, we propose a new hybrid scheme in a closed-loop control system including wavelet threshold denoising for pretreatment and a first derivative adaptive smoothing filter for smooth pulse recovery, so as to effectively restrain the influence of electrical noise and FM-to-AM modulation in the time–power curve, and enhance the calibration accuracy of the pulse shape in the feedback control system. The related simulation and experiment results show that the proposed scheme can obtain a better shaping effect on the high-contrast temporal shape in comparison with the cumulative average algorithm and orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm combined with a traditional smoothing filter. The implementation of the hybrid scheme mechanism increased the signal-to-noise ratio of the laser pulse from about 11 dB to 30 dB, and the filtered pulse is smooth without modulation, with smoothness of about 98.8%.
Competition and R&D Financing: Evidence From the Biopharmaceutical Industry
Authors: Thakor Richard T. , Lo Andrew W. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe interaction between product market competition, R&D investment, and the financing choices of R&D-intensive firms on the development of innovative products is only partially understood. We hypothesize that as competition increases, R&D-intensive firms will: i) increase R&D investment relative to existing assets in place; ii) carry more cash; and iii) maintain less net debt. Using the Hatch–Waxman Act as an exogenous shock to competition, we provide causal evidence supporting these hypotheses through a differences-in-differences analysis that exploits differences between the biopharma industry and other industries, and heterogeneity within the biopharma industry. We also explore how these changes affect innovative output.
Maternal smoking during pregnancy, offspring smoking, adverse childhood events, and risk of major depression: a sibling design study
Authors: Shenassa Edmond D. , Rogers Michelle L. , Buka Stephen L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundEvidence of a biologically plausible association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSP) and the risk of depression is discounted by null findings from two sibling studies. However, valid causal inference from sibling studies is subject to challenges inherent to human studies of MSP and biases particular to this design. We addressed these challenges in the first sibling study of MSP and depression conducted among adults past the peak age for the onset of depression, utilizing a prospectively collected and biologically validated measure of MSP and accounting for non-shared as well as mediating factors.MethodsWe fit GEE binomial regression models to correct for dependence in the risk of depression across pregnancies of the same mother. We also fit marginal structural models (MSM) to estimate the controlled direct effect of MSP on depression that is not mediated by the offspring's smoking status. Both models allow the estimation of within- and between-sibling risk ratios.ResultsThe adjusted within-sibling risk ratios (RRW) from both models (GEE: RRW = 1.97, CI 1.16–3.32; MSM: RRW = 2.08, CI 1.04–4.17) evinced an independent association between MSP and risk of depression. The overall effects from a standard model evinced lower associations (GEE: RRT = 1.12, CI 0.98–1.28; MSM: RRT = 1.18, CI 1.01–1.37).ConclusionsBased on within-sibling information free of unmeasured shared confounders and accounting for a range of unshared factors, we found an effect of MSP on the offspring's risk of depression. Our findings, should they be replicated in future studies, highlight the importance of considering challenges inherent to human studies of MSP and affective disorders.
More dynamical and more symbiotic: Cortico-striatal models of resolve, suppression, and routine habit
Authors: Huang Linus Ta-Lun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
I extend Ainslie's core claims with three cortico-striatal models that respectively subserve the key constructs of resolve, suppression, and routine habit. I show that these models suggest a more dynamical and symbiotic relation among the constructs: there are more ways they interact to reinforce willpower, and the temporal dimension of the interactions can often determine the effectiveness of the reinforcement.
Parent- and Adolescent-reported Executive Functioning in the Context of Randomized Controlled Trials of Online Family Problem-Solving Therapy
Authors: Fisher Allison P. , Gies Lisa M. , Narad Megan E. , Austin Cynthia A. , Yeates Keith Owen , Taylor H. Gerry , Zhang Nanhua , Wade Shari L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:We examined parent- and adolescent-reported executive functioning (EF) behaviors following pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the context of Online Family Problem-Solving Therapy (OFPST) and moderators of change in EF behaviors.Method:In total, 274 families were randomized to OFPST or an internet resource comparison group. Parents and adolescents completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function at four time points. Mixed models were used to examine EF behaviors, assessing the effects of visit, treatment group, rater, TBI severity, age, socioeconomic status, and family functioning.Results:Parents rated their adolescents’ EF as poorer (F(3,1156) = 220.15, p < .001; M = 58.11, SE = 0.73) than adolescents rated themselves (M = 51.81, SE = 0.73). Across raters, EF behaviors were poorer for adolescents whose parents had less education (F(3,1156) = 8.60, p = .003; M = 56.76, SE = 0.98) than for those with more education (M = 53.16, SE = 0.88). Age at baseline interacted with visit (F(3,1156) = 5.05, p = .002), such that families of older adolescents reported improvement in EF behaviors over time. Family functioning also interacted with visit (F(3, 1156) = 2.61, p = .049), indicating more improvement in EF behaviors over time in higher functioning families. There were no effects of treatment or TBI severity.Conclusion:We identified a discrepancy between parent- and adolescent-reported EF, suggesting reduced awareness of deficits in adolescents with TBI. We also found that poorer family functioning and younger age were associated with poorer recovery after TBI, whereas adolescents of parents with less education were reported as having greater EF deficits across time points.
Risk Profiling of the Solomon Technique versus Selective Technique of Fetoscopic Laser Surgery for Twin–Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Authors: Kanazawa Seiji , Ozawa Katsusuke , Muromoto Jin , Sugibayashi Rika , Wada Yuka , Wada Seiji , Ito Yushi , Sago Haruhiko 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe evaluated the outcomes and adverse events after fetoscopic laser surgery (FLS) for twin–twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) using the Solomon technique in comparison to the selective technique. A retrospective analysis of a single-center consecutive cohort of FLS-treated TTTS using the selective (January 2010 to July 2014) and Solomon (August 2014 to December 2017) techniques was performed. Among 395 cases, 227 underwent selective coagulation and 168 underwent the Solomon technique. The incidence rates of recurrent TTTS (Solomon vs. selective: 0% vs. .9%,p= .510) and twin anemia–polycythemia sequence (.6% vs. .4%,p= .670) were very low in both groups. The incidence rates of placental abruption (Solomon vs. selective: 10.7% vs. 3.5%,p= .007) and preterm premature rupture of the membranes (pPROM) with subsequent delivery before 32 weeks (20.2% vs. 7.1%,p< .001) were higher in the Solomon group. The median birth recipient weight was significantly smaller in the Solomon group (1790 g vs. 1933 g,p= .049). The rate of survival of at least one twin was significantly higher in the Solomon group (98.2% vs. 93.8%,p= .046). The Solomon technique and total laser energy were significant risk factors for pPROM (odds ratio: 2.64, 1.07, 95% CI [1.32, 5.28], [1.01, 1.13],p= .006,p= .014, respectively). These findings suggest that the Solomon technique led to superior survival outcomes but increased risks of placental abruption, pPROM and fetal growth impairment. Total laser energy was associated with the occurrence of pPROM. Close attention to adverse events is required for perinatal management after FLS to treat TTTS using the Solomon technique.
The Perils of Reading Fiction: the Female Quixote and the Thai New Woman
Authors: Chaochuti Thosaeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBritish literary history routinely associated women with reading fiction, especially the novel. This association seemingly threatened male hegemony and cultural authority. It led, therefore, to the portrayal of the woman reader as a female quixote who was prone to misreading and being misled by what she read. This representation became popular during the rise of the novel in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and the New Woman's emergence at the fin-de-siècle. Similar developments took place in Siam/Thailand where the birth of fiction, the advent of the woman reader, and the New Woman's rise roughly coincided in the late 1910s and early 1920s. By examining San Thewarak's novel Bandai haeng khwam rak [Stairways to Love] (1932), this paper demonstrates the trope of the female quixote's invocation to describe the emerging Thai (New) Woman reader and the threat that she embodied that had to be managed and controlled.
Links Between Sea Surface Temperature Structures, Clouds and Rainfall: Study Case of the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Desbiolles Fabien , Alberti Maria , Hamouda Mostafa E. , Meroni Agostino N. , Pasquero Claudia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUsing 25 years of ERA5 reanalysis data, this study shows that wind divergence is partially driven by small‐scale sea surface temperature (SST) patterns via their effect on the boundary layer stability. Moreover, strong warm‐to‐cold fronts (the upper quartile) are associated with a mean increase of cloud cover of 10% ± 5% and a mean increase in the probability of a rain event of 15% ± 6%, with respect to the average values. The cloud and rainfall dependence on SST fronts is more pronounced in Fall, probably due to the stronger SST gradients present at the end of the summer season.
Stochastic 3D Navier‐Stokes Flow in Self‐Affine Fracture Geometries Controlled by Anisotropy and Channeling
Authors: Egert Robert , Nitschke Fabian , Gholami Korzani Maziar , Kohl Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study presents a probabilistic analysis of 3D Navier‐Stokes (NS) fluid flow through 30 randomly generated sheared fractures with equal roughness properties (Hurst exponent = 0.8). The results of numerous 3D NS realizations are compared with the highly simplified local cubic law (LCL) solutions regarding flow orientations and regimes. The transition between linear and nonlinear flow conditions cannot be described with a generally valid critical Reynolds number , but rather depends on the individual fracture's void geometry. Over 10% reduction in flow is observed for increased global Re (>100) due to the increasing impact of nonlinear conditions. Furthermore, the fracture geometry promotes flow anisotropy and the formation of channels. Flow perpendicular to the shearing leads to increased channeling and fluid flow (∼40% higher) compared to flow parallel to the shearing. In the latter case, dispersed flow and irregular flow paths cause a reduction of LCL validity.
Relationship Between Subduction Erosion and the Up‐Dip Limit of the 2014 Mw 8.1 Iquique Earthquake
Authors: Petersen Florian , Lange Dietrich , Ma Bo , Grevemeyer Ingo , Geersen Jacob , Klaeschen Dirk , Contreras‐Reyes Eduardo , Barrientos Sergio , Tréhu Anne M. , Vera Emilio , Kopp Heidrun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe aftershock distribution of the 2014 Mw 8.1 Iquique earthquake offshore northern Chile, identified from a long‐term deployment of ocean bottom seismometers installed eight months after the mainshock, in conjunction with seismic reflection imaging, provides insights into the processes regulating the updip limit of coseismic rupture propagation. Aftershocks updip of the mainshock hypocenter frequently occur in the upper plate and are associated with normal faults identified from seismic reflection data. We propose that aftershock seismicity near the plate boundary documents subduction erosion that removes mass from the base of the wedge and results in normal faulting in the upper plate. The combination of very little or no sediment accretion and subduction erosion over millions of years has resulted in a very weak and aseismic frontal wedge. Our observations thus link the shallow subduction zone seismicity to subduction erosion processes that control the evolution of the overriding plate.
Trace Elemental Partitioning on Clays Derived From Hydrothermal Muds of the El Tatio Geyser Field, Chile
Authors: Hao Weiduo , Mänd Kaarel , Swaren Logan , Myers Kimberly D. , Lalonde Stefan , Wilmeth Dylan T. , Van Zuilen Mark , Wilson Sasha , Alessi Daniel S. , Konhauser Kurt O. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRecent experimental studies have demonstrated that clay minerals (e.g., kaolinite, illite, and montmorillonite) have higher affinities for some trace elements under acidic versus alkaline conditions. This suggests that clays might be important vectors in the transport of trace elements from sites of acidic chemical weathering on land to marine depositional environments. To determine if clays behave similarly in nature, we collected water and mud (consisting of 38.5%–61.1% of kaolinite and montmorillonite) samples from boiling, low‐pH, mud pools venting at the El Tatio Geyser Field (ETGF) in Chile. Based on elemental abundances in the aqueous/solid phases, we observed that mud samples collected from lower pH pools (e.g., pH = 2.42 and 3.55) have high concentration factors for anionic elements (e.g., P and As) but low concentration factors for cationic elements (e.g., Ca, Mn, and Sr), while mud samples from higher pH pools (e.g., pH = 4.87 and 5.84) display the opposite trend. Acid‐base leaching experiments further reveal that increasing solution pH (to reflect downstream transport) led to the release of As and P from the mud surfaces due to increasingly negative surface charge, while decreasing pH (to determine the effects of re‐acidification) released Li, Ca, Co, Sr, Mo, and Cd. Our study confirms previous experimental findings that demonstrate clay minerals can assemble a diverse inventory of trace elements during acid weathering (e.g., As) but then liberate them back into the aqueous phase as aqueous pH increases. Importantly, these observations provide a mechanism to account for the previous observations of regional As contamination in rivers downstream of the ETGF.
Synergistic Satellite Assessment of Global Vegetation Health in Relation to ENSO‐Induced Droughts and Pluvials
Authors: Du J. , Kimball J. S. , Sheffield J. , Velicogna I. , Zhao M. , Pan M. , Fisher C. K. , Beck H. E. , Watts J. D. , A G. , Wood E. F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe used environmental metrics developed from multi‐source satellite observations to quantify the global influence of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events on surface wetting and drying anomalies, and their impact on vegetation health. The environmental metrics included a microwave surface wetness index (ASWI) incorporating near‐surface atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD), volumetric soil moisture (VSM), and land surface fractional water cover (FW) derived from Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) observations, and the vegetation health index (VHI) derived from NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) observations. The combined ASWI and VHI analysis reveals complex ENSO related impacts on the distribution of water availability to plant communities, and variable vegetation sensitivity to associated drought and pluvial events. A delayed VHI response to changes in surface wetness (up to 3.4 months) was observed, whereby the ASWI may provide an effective forecast predictor of climate impacts on vegetation health. The intense 2015/2016 El Niño event coincided with strong ASWI and VHI latitudinal correspondence (R ≥ 0.73). The cascading impacts of climate anomalies on water cycle components and vegetation were further investigated over ENSO‐sensitive sub‐regions including Amazonia, Australia, southern Africa, and the South American Paraná delta region. The ASWI component information linked the effect of drought and pluvial events on vegetation health to underlying changes in surface water inundation, soil moisture and atmospheric moisture deficits. The new satellite‐based assessments reveal the global complexity of ENSO‐related impacts on surface water storages, and the influence of these climate and hydrologic perturbations on ecosystem productivity.