bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reading Comprehension in School-Age Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: Examining the Many Components That May Contribute
Authors: Davidson Meghan M. 
Published: January 2021

PurposeReading comprehension is consistently poor in many school-age children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this tutorial is to provide an overview from a multicomponent view on the many predictors that may contribute to reading comprehension difficulties in ASD.MethodThis tutorial reviews current literature on profiles and predictors of reading comprehension in ASD. The review is situated from a multicomponent theoretical view based on the “direct and indirect effects of reading” model that builds on the familiar “simple view of reading.” Each component, including word reading, listening comprehension, morphosyntax, vocabulary, working memory, comprehension monitoring, inferencing, and theory of mind, is separately reviewed, with consideration of the current evidence for their contribution to reading comprehension in ASD. At the end of each section, key takeaways are provided. To conclude, a summary with general clinical implications, case examples, and recommendations for future research across all components is offered.ConclusionsReading comprehension in ASD may be affected by any one or several components in any given individual. Speech-language pathologists have expertise and play a critical role in assessing and intervening on these components. The age and language status (language impaired or not) of a child are emerging as important factors for what to assess and consider for intervention. However, more research is needed that intentionally examines language status, evaluates reading comprehension at targeted ages or narrower age ranges, and/or examines language and reading development longitudinally.
An Interprofessional Approach to Dialect-Shifting Instruction for Early Elementary School Students
Authors: Byrd Arynn S. , Brown Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
Dialect-shifting has shown promise as an effective way to improve academic outcomes of students who speak nonmainstream dialects such as African American English (AAE); however, limited studies have examined the impacts of an interprofessional approach with multiple instructional methods. In this study, we developed a dialect-shifting curriculum for early elementary school students who speak AAE and evaluated the curriculum for feasibility and preliminary impacts.

Method
Forty-one kindergarten, first-, second-, and third-grade students and their teachers in one elementary school participated in a 7-week dialect-shifting instruction co-taught by the classroom teachers and a speech-language pathology graduate clinician. Students' use of dialect-shifting and dialect density was measured by calculating dialect density measures in retells presented in AAE and mainstream American English and responses to situational dialect-shifting and applied dialect-shifting tasks. Teacher surveys and interviews about the feasibility and perceived impacts were conducted.

Results
Initial impacts of the curriculum demonstrated increased dialect awareness for all students, with grade-level differences when students were asked to explicitly dialect-shift. In particular, second- and third-grade students were more proficient at dialect-shifting AAE features included in the curriculum. Additionally, high rates of administrator, teacher, and student satisfaction, teacher generalization, and maintenance of incorporating contrastive analysis instruction into class activities were reported.

Conclusions
Literacy and play-based instruction are feasible methods to create a dialect-shifting curriculum tailored to younger students. Furthermore, the feasibility and effectiveness of the curriculum were supported by an interprofessional approach.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13524317
Introduction to the Forum: Literacy in Autism—Across the Spectrum
Authors: Westerveld Marleen F. , Paynter Jessica 
Published: January 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to introduce the
LSHSS
Forum: Literacy in Autism—Across the Spectrum. The articles in this forum provide an overview of the current evidence related to literacy in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) from preschool to adolescence and highlight the high literacy needs of this population.

Method
This introduction provides an overview of some of the reasons why children with ASD are at risk of persistent literacy difficulties and a summary of the six articles included in this forum.

Conclusion
More research is clearly needed to better understand which factors contribute to the high literacy needs in this population. For now, based on the best available evidence, the authors in this forum provide clear clinical implications that should be highly useful for speech-language pathologists and other professionals involved in literacy assessment and intervention for children and adolescents on the autism spectrum.
Fault tolerance in non‐linear systems: A model‐based approach with a robust soft sensor design
Authors: Doraiswami Rajamani , Cheded Lahouari 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA novel multiple Kalman filtre (KF)‐based scheme is proposed, as a generalisation of conventional gain‐scheduling techniques, for fault diagnosis and tolerance in a large class of multiple‐input and multiple‐output non‐linear systems. The outputs are corrupted by unknown stochastic disturbance and measurement noise. A reliable and computationally efficient, two‐stage identification of a piecewise linear parameter‐varying Box–Jenkins dynamic model that better approximates the non‐linear system, at each operating point, and the design of the associated KFs are proposed. Novel emulators, whose induced parameter changes mimic likely and predictive operating scenarios, are used to provide an accurate model identification and robustness to noise, disturbance, non‐linearity errors and model perturbations. These crucial emulators generate missing representative data, aid predictive analytics, and improve the reliability and accuracy of the identified KF model. A novel formulation of the KF is used for fault isolation, and the Bayes strategy is used to isolate difficult‐to‐detect incipient faults in noisy environments. The proposed scheme leads to the design of a novel robust soft sensor aimed at replacing the maintenance‐prone hardware sensor in practical applications including product quality assessment, performance monitoring, condition‐based maintenance, fault diagnosis and fault‐tolerant control. The proposed soft sensor was successfully evaluated on simulated and laboratory‐scale physical control systems.
24 synoptic maps of average magnetic field in 296 prominences measured by the Hanle effect during the ascending phase of solar cycle 21
Authors: Bommier V. , Leroy J. L. , Sahal-Bréchot S. 
Published: January 2021

Aims. We present 24 synoptic maps of solar filaments, in which the average unambiguous magnetic field vectors of 296 prominences were determined with Pic-du-Midi observations between 1974 and 1982. This was the ascending phase of cycle 21.
Methods. The magnetic field was determined by interpreting the Hanle effect, which is observed in the He I D3 line. Previous results for the prominence field polarity and prominence chirality were applied to solve the fundamental ambiguity. The measurements were averaged in each prominence for accuracy reasons.
Results. The result is twofold. First, alternating field directions can be observed from one neutral line to the next. Second, a general field alignment is found along a solar north-south field that is distorted by the differential rotation effect.
Dependence of the dynamical properties of light-cone simulation dark matter halos on their environment
Authors: Chira Maria , Plionis Manolis , Agarwal Shankar 
Published: January 2021

Aims. We study the dependence of the dynamical properties of massive (M ≥ 1.5 × 1013 M⊙ h−1) dark matter halos on their environment in a whole-sky ΛCDM light-cone simulation extending to z ∼ 0.65. The properties of interest for this study are the halo shape (parametrized via its principal axes), spin and virialization status, the alignment of halo spin and shape, as well as the shape-shape and spin-spin alignments among halo neighbors.
Methods. We define the halo environment using the notion of halo isolation status determined by the distance to its nearest neighbor. This defines a maximum spherical region around each halo devoid of other halos, above the catalog threshold mass. We consider “close halo pairs” to be pairs separated by a distance that is lower than a specific threshold. In order to decontaminate our results from the known dependence of halo dynamical properties on mass, we used a random sampling procedure to compare properties of similar halo abundance distributions.
Results. We find that: (a) there is a strong dependence on the part of the halo properties with regard to their environment, confirming that isolated halos are more aspherical and more prolate with lower spin values; (b) correlations between halo properties exist and are mostly independent of the halo environment; (c) halo spins are aligned with the minor axis, regardless of halo shape; and (d) close halo neighbors have their major axes statistically aligned, while they show a slight but statistically significant preference for anti-parallel spin directions. The latter result is enhanced for the case of close halo pairs in low-density environments. Furthermore, we find a tendency for the spin vectors to be oriented perpendicular to the line that connects such close halo pairs.
Case Report: 7-Year-Old Boy with Incarcerated Internal Hernia Leading to Extensive Intestinal Necrosis Due to a Large Congenital Mesenteric Defect
Authors: Deeg Susanne , Krickeberg Sophie , Nisar Tauseef , Schwarz-Bundy Bogata Dora , Wessel Lucas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present a case of a 7-year-old boy with acute abdominal symptoms initially misdiagnosed as constipation. Delayed imaging diagnostics revealed an ileus with contorted small intestine, so laparotomy was indicated. An acute bowel obstruction was found based on an incarcerated internal hernia. Small and large bowel segments were incarcerated into a large mesenteric defect leading to extended intestinal necrosis. About 30 cm of necrotic small bowel and 15 cm of large intestine were resected, two primary anastomoses were performed. The mesenteric defect was closed with two running sutures. The boy’s clinical outcome was very good. Two aspects are discussed: the initial clinical misdiagnosis of acute bowel obstruction in a child leading to a delay of diagnostics and therapy on the one hand and the origin of mesenteric defects on the other. In children with abdominal pain, ultrasound must be performed as soon as possible and pediatric surgeons have to be involved early. There should be an awareness of the fact, that mesenteric defects and other congenital malformations can occur more often than we suspect it. In the case of an internal hernia, a misjudgement of the clinical condition may be very harmful for the patient and can lead to a short bowel syndrome or even death.
Outpatient Induction of Labor – Are Balloon Catheters an Appropriate Method?
Authors: Rath Werner , Stelzl Patrick , Kehl Sven 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs the number of labor inductions in high-income countries has steadily risen, hospital costs and the additional burden on obstetric staff have also increased. Outpatient induction of labor is therefore becoming increasingly important. It has been estimated that 20 – 50% of all pregnant women requiring induction would be eligible for outpatient induction. The use of balloon catheters in patients with an unripe cervix has been shown to be an effective and safe method of cervical priming. Balloon catheters are as effective as the vaginal administration of prostaglandin E2 or oral misoprostol. The advantage of using a balloon catheter is that it avoids uterine hyperstimulation and monitoring is less expensive. This makes balloon catheters a suitable option for outpatient cervical ripening. Admittedly, intravenous administration of oxytocin to induce or augment labor is required in approximately 75% of cases. Balloon catheters are not associated with a higher risk
of maternal and neonatal infection compared to vaginal PGE2. Low-risk pregnancies (e.g., post-term pregnancies, gestational diabetes) are suitable for outpatient cervical ripening with a balloon catheter. The data for high-risk pregnancies are still insufficient. The following conditions are recommended when considering an outpatient approach: strict selection of appropriate patients (singleton pregnancy, cephalic presentation, intact membranes), CTG monitoring for 20 – 40 minutes after balloon placement, the patient must be given detailed instructions about the indications for immediate readmission to hospital, and 24-hour phone access to the hospital must be ensured. According to reviewed studies, the balloon catheter remained in place between 12 hours (“overnight”) and 24 hours. The most common reason for readmission to hospital was expulsion of the balloon catheter. The advantages of outpatient versus inpatient induction of cervical ripening with a balloon
catheter were the significantly shorter hospital stay, the lower costs, and higher patient satisfaction, with both procedures having been shown to be equally effective. Complication rates (e.g., vaginal bleeding, severe pain, uterine hyperstimulation syndrome) during the cervical ripening phase are low (0.3 – 1.5%); severe adverse outcomes (e.g., placental abruption) have not been reported. Compared to inpatient induction of labor using vaginal PGE2, outpatient cervical ripening using a balloon catheter had a lower rate of deliveries/24 hours and a significantly higher need for oxytocin; however, hospital stay was significantly shorter, frequency of pain during the cervical ripening phase was significantly lower, and patientsʼ duration of sleep was longer. A randomized controlled study comparing outpatient cervical priming with a balloon catheter with outpatient or inpatient induction of labor with oral misoprostol would be of clinical interest.
Covid-19: Herausforderung und Chance
Authors: Gerstenhöfer Anna , Jahn Stefanie 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungWeltweit gibt es verschiedene Untersuchungen zur Anwendung von Homöopathie bei SARS-CoV-2-Infektionen. Historische Quellen zur Spanischen Grippe lassen keine eindeutigen Rückschlüsse auf die Behandlungserfolge zu. Über einen der Corona-Pandemie zugehörigen Genius epidemicus – der prophylaktisch und therapeutisch eingesetzt werden könnte – gibt es divergierende Meinungen.Homöopathisch arbeitende Ärztinnen und Ärzte
in Deutschland haben anhand eines Dokumentationsbogens insgesamt 25 Fallberichte über an SARS-CoV-2 Infizierte und an Covid-19 erkrankte Patientinnen und Patienten anonymisiert eingereicht (Stand: 24.10.2020), in denen von insgesamt 53 Arzneigaben berichtet wird. Durch eine vierköpfige Expertengruppe homöopathischer Ärzte wurde der Mitteleffekt nach 10 der Arzneigaben als deutlich positiv eingestuft. Bei 6 von diesen bestätigte eine am Gesundheitsamt tätige und mit den üblichen SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19-Fallverläufen vertraute Ärztin eine deutliche Besserung gegenüber dem zu erwartenden Spontanverlauf. Bei Anwendung der MONARCH-Kriterien ergeben sich bei 6 der 10 Fälle Werte von 5 und mehr, was die Korrelation des positiven Krankheitsverlaufs und der Arzneigabe als sehr wahrscheinlich ausweist.Bei 24 Arzneigaben blieb unklar, ob ein positiver Effekt durch die Arzneigabe erzielt wurde, weil dies aus der Dokumentation nicht ersichtlich war. Nach 19 Arzneigaben zeigte sich keine Besserung des Krankheitsverlaufs. Keine der homöopathischen Arzneigaben verursachte eine Zustandsverschlechterung oder relevante unerwünschte Reaktionen. In allen 25 Fällen erfolgten Diagnostik und Therapie leitlinien- und zeitgerecht.Ein durch individualisierte Arzneiwahl anhand auffälliger Symptome und Modalitäten bestimmtes Simile kann den Spontanverlauf der Infektion abmildern und abkürzen. Aussagen zu einem möglichen Genius epidemicus können aus den vorliegenden Informationen nicht getroffen werden. Wichtige Voraussetzung für die Weiterentwicklung der Homöopathie ist eine aussagekräftige und eindeutige Dokumentation der Fälle, vor allem der Verlaufsbeobachtung. Wünschenswert wäre eine umfangreichere Beteiligung und eine optimierte Dokumentation.
Gedanken zur Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Pfanzelt Ingrid 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDie emotionale Belastung der Corona-Pandemie kann verschiedene psychische und psychosomatische Symptome hervorrufen. In manchen Fällen kann auch eine Traumaerfahrung dadurch angetriggert werden. Eine psychotherapeutische Intervention kombiniert mit einer homöopathischen Behandlung kann hilfreich sein. 2 Fallbeispiele verdeutlichen dieses Vorgehen.
Different Effects of Two Protocols for Pre-Procedural Analgosedation on Vital Signs in Neonates during and after Endotracheal Intubation
Authors: Zemlin Michael , Buxmann Horst , Felgentreff Sabine , Wittekindt Boris , Goedicke-Fritz Sybelle , Rogosch Tobias , Göbert Pia , Meyer Sascha , Sauer Harald , Greene Brandon H , Schloesser Rolf L. , Maier Rolf Felix 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Background Analgosedation is often used for endotracheal intubation in neonates, but no consensus exists on the optimal pre-procedural medication.
Aims To compare the time to intubation and vital signs during and after intubation in 2 NICUs using different premedication protocols.
Methods Prospective observational study in 2 tertiary NICUs, comparing fentanyl and optional vecuronium for elective neonatal endotracheal intubation (NICU-1) with atropine, morphine, midazolam and optional pancuronium (NICU-2). Primary endpoints were: time to intubate and number of intubation attempts; secondary endpoints were: deviations of heart rate, oxygen saturation and blood pressure from baseline until 20 min post intubation.
Results 45 and 30 intubations were analyzed in NICU-1 and NICU-2. Time to intubation was longer in NICU-1 (7 min) than in NICU-2 (4 min; p=0.029), but the mean number of intubation attempts did not differ significantly. Bradycardias (34 vs. 1, p<0.001) and hypoxemias (136 vs. 48, p<0.001) were more frequent in NICU-1, and tachycardias (59 vs. 72, p<0.001) more frequent in NICU-2. Mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) increased in NICU-1 (+6.18 mmHg) and decreased in NICU-2 (−5.83 mmHg), whereas mean heart rates (HR) decreased in NICU-1 (−19.29 bpm) and increased in NICU-2 (+15.93 bpm). MAP and HR returned to baseline 6–10 min after intubation in NICU-1 and after 11–15 min and 16–20 min in NICU-2, respectively.
Conclusions The two protocols yielded significant differences in the time to intubation and in the extent and duration of physiologic changes during and post-intubation. Short acting drugs should be preferred and vital signs should be closely monitored at least 20 min post intubation. More studies are required to identify analgosedation protocols that minimize potentially harmful events during endotracheal intubation.
Zn(OTf)2-Catalyzed 1,6-Conjugate Addition of Benzoxazinones to p-Quinone Methides: Access to 3,3-Diaryl-2-(2-oxo-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-yl)propanoic Acid Esters
Authors: Peddinti Rama Krishna , Dua Neha , Ghosh Sonali 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn effective method for the synthesis of 3,3-diaryl-2-(2-oxo-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3-yl)propanoic acid esters is reported. A novel zinc triflate-catalyzed regioselective 1,6-conjugate addition of vinylogous carbamates to p-quinone methides for accessing the title compounds has been developed. This protocol furnished the hybrid compounds in good to excellent yields. The reaction is rapid and has a broad substrate scope.
The joint dynamics of investor beliefs and trading during the COVID-19 crash
Authors: Giglio Stefano , Maggiori Matteo , Stroebel Johannes , Utkus Stephen 
Published: January 2021

Significance
We analyze how investor expectations about economic growth and stock returns changed during the February−March 2020 stock market crash induced by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as during the subsequent partial stock market recovery. Our results provide guidance for the design of macro and finance models and related economic policies.
Self-inhibition effect of metal incorporation in nanoscaled semiconductors
Authors: Zhu Bin , Yi Ding , Wang Yuxi , Sun Hongyu , Sha Gang , Zheng Gong , Garnett Erik C. , Tian Bozhi , Ding Feng , Zhu Jia 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Understanding and controlling the incorporation of metal into nanoscaled semiconductor is foundational for semiconductor processing. Through theoretical calculation and experimental results, we reveal that the interstitial atoms in the Si lattice such as Mn can quickly diffuse out of Si nanowires conveniently, thus can achieve high purity of Si nanowires. This finding of self-inhibition effect not only provides understanding of impurity incorporation at nanoscale, but also provides an extra knob for rational catalyst designs of nanoscale building blocks, and fine-tuning their electrical, optical, and thermal properties for various applications.
Moiréless correlations in ABCA graphene
Authors: Kerelsky Alexander , Rubio-Verdú Carmen , Xian Lede , Kennes Dante M. , Halbertal Dorri , Finney Nathan , Song Larry , Turkel Simon , Wang Lei , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Hone James , Dean Cory , Basov Dmitri N. , Rubio Angel , Pasupathy Abhay N. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Micrometer-sized uniform four-layer (ABCA) rhombohedral graphene is realized by introducing a small twist angle between two bilayers of Bernal graphene. By means of scanning tunneling spectroscopy we observe an extremely sharp van Hove singularity of 3–5-meV half-width and a correlated many-body gap of 9.5 meV at neutrality, thus making small twisted double-bilayer graphene a unique platform to realize electronic correlations in the absence of a moiré potential. Furthermore, ABCA graphene domain walls display tunable topological edge states, of great interest in Floquet engineering.
Longitudinal shear stress response in human endothelial cells to atheroprone and atheroprotective conditions
Authors: Maurya Mano R. , Gupta Shakti , Li Julie Yi-Shuan , Ajami Nassim E. , Chen Zhen B. , Shyy John Y.-J. , Chien Shu , Subramaniam Shankar 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Endothelial cell types such as HUVECs and HAECs have been used as model systems to study vascular health. This study provides a comprehensive, time-dependent comparison of the transcriptomic responses of HAECs and HUVECs to shear stress by making measurements at 1, 4, and 24 h to capture the responses at early, mid, and late time points after shearing. The results indicate that the responses of HAECs and HUVECs are qualitatively similar for endothelial function-relevant genes and several pathways such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and angiogenesis. The findings also show that HAECs exhibit faster kinetics as compared to HUVECs. This study offers insights into the mechanisms of common and differential stress responses across cell types.
Symmetrical arrangement of proteins under release-ready vesicles in presynaptic terminals
Authors: Radhakrishnan Abhijith , Li Xia , Grushin Kirill , Krishnakumar Shyam S. , Liu Jun , Rothman James E. 
Published: January 2021

Significance
Neuronal cells maintain a small number of synaptic vesicles (SVs) that are “primed,” i.e., ready to release upon receiving the triggering signal to allow for tightly regulated and rapid release of neurotransmitters. The proteins involved in this process are known, but how they assemble and operate together is poorly understood. Here we report the visualization of protein organization under primed SVs in cultured neurons under native conditions. Using cryoelectron tomography analysis, we find that there is a symmetric arrangement of exactly six protein densities at the docking interface, suggesting the fusion machinery is well ordered and prearranged for fast and precise release of neurotransmitters.