bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiomyopathy in patients with type 1 tyrosinemia, and the effect of nitisinone treatment on cardiomyopathy
Authors: BİLGİNER GÜRBÜZ Berrak , AYKAN H. Hakan , ÇIKI Kısmet , KARAGÖZ Tevfik , SİVRİ Serap , DURSUN Ali , TOKATLI Ayşegül , COŞKUN Turgay 
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the frequency of cardiomyopathy and its response to routinely used nitisinone treatment in patients with tyrosinemia type 1.
Materials and Methods: Participants of this descriptive cross-sectional study were Tyrosinemia Type 1 patients who were under the care of a single metabolic unit. The primary outcome of the study was “presence of abnormal echocardiographic findings” at diagnosis and the impact of nitisinone treatment on the detected findings.
Results: Of the 54 patients enrolled in the study, 21 (38.9%) were female and 33 (61.1%) were male. 41 patients were evaluated using echocardiography at the time of diagnosis. 9 (21.9%) of them had hypertrophic cardiomyopathic alterations varying in severity. In the follow-up period, second echocardiographic examinations revealed improvements in cardiac alterations while on nitisinone treatment. Thirteen patients dropped out of follow-up. Of the remaining 41 patients, 10 (24.4%) patients died in the follow-up period, whereas 31 (75.6%) remained alive. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin concentrations were significantly higher in patients witj normal cardiac evaluation.
Conclusion: Echocardiographic examination should be done in all tyrosinemia type 1 patients including those with an absence of cardiac manifestations. The presence of cardiomyopathy may indicate a poor prognosis. Nitisinone is found to have a positive impact on cardiomyopathy in patients with type 1 tyrosinemia.
Full Moment Tensor Solutions of U.S. Underground Nuclear Tests for Event Screening and Yield Estimation
Authors: Pasyanos Michael E. , Chiang Andrea 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Moment tensor (MT) solutions are proving increasingly valuable in explosion monitoring, especially now that they are more routinely calculated for the unconstrained, full (six component) MT. In this study, we have calculated MTs for U.S. underground nuclear tests conducted at the Nevada National Security Site using seismic recordings primarily from the Livermore Nevada Network. We are able to determine them for 130 nuclear explosions from 1970 to 1996 for a range of yields and under a variety of material conditions, which we have supplemented with 10 additional chemical explosions at the test site. The result is an extensive database of MTs that can be used to assess the performance of important monitoring tasks such as event identification and yield determination. We test the explosion event screening on the fundamental lune of the MT eigensphere and find MT screening to be a robust discriminant between earthquakes and explosions. We then explore the estimation of moment-derived yield, in which we find that material properties are the largest contributor to differences in the estimated moment-to-yield ratio. Further research conducted on this dataset can be used to develop, test, and improve various explosion monitoring methodologies.
Earthquake sequences and b values in the southeast United States
Authors: Long Leland Timothy 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Aftershock and foreshock activity within 12 hr of the July 13, 1971 earthquake near Seneca, South Carolina, indicates a b value of 0.9 at ML = 3.0. Approximately 40 events recorded in a 5-day aftershock survey near Seneca indicate a b value of 1.7 at ML = 0.5. A sequence of over 40 events occurring west of McCormick, South Carolina, indicates a b value of 1.3 at ML = 2.4. The McCormick sequence was active for 4 months. Unlike the Seneca region, the McCormick region has a history of earthquake activity. Examinations of other published southeastern b values suggest that southeastern United States earthquakes originate from conditions of ambient stress which vary with epicentral region or magnitude.
Geologic and seismologic aspects of the Managua, Nicaragua, earthquakes of December 23, 1972
Authors: Brown R. D. , Ward P. L. , Plafker George 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The Managua, Nicaragua, earthquake of December 23, 1972 (body-wave magnitude of 5.6, surface-wave magnitude of 6.2), and its aftershocks strongly affected an area of about 27 km2 centered on Managua. Within this area, over 11,000 people were killed and 20,000 were injured. About 75 per cent of the city's housing units were destroyed or rendered uninhabitable leaving between 200,000 and 250,000 people homeless, and property damage exceeded half a billion dollars. As a consequence, the economy and government of the city, and to a large extent the entire country, were severely disrupted.
Surface geology shows that there are at least four subparallel strike-slip faults spaced 270 to 1,150 meters apart in the Managua area that slipped in a predominantly sinistral (left-lateral) sense during the earthquake. Aftershock studies show that at least one of these northeast-trending faults extends from the surface to a depth of 8 to 10 km over a maximum length of about 15 km. The faults are mappable on land for 1.6, 5.1, 5.9 and 2.7 km; aftershock data indicate that faulting extends at least 6 km northeast of the city beneath Lake Managua. Horizontal displacements vary, with the maximum aggregate sinistral slip ranging from 2.0 to 38.0 cm. There is also a local small down-to-the-southeast vertical component of slip on three of the four faults. The nature and distribution of the surface faulting are consistent with a tectonic origin for the earthquake.
The extensive destruction and loss of life in the Managua area were caused by a combination of the following factors: (1) occurrence of the earthquake on faults directly beneath the city, (2) poor behavior of structures, chiefly tarquezal (wood frame and adobe) and masonry, during strong seismic shaking, and (3) direct displacement of structures, streets, and utilities by faulting. The historic record of seismicity and geological evidence of active Holocene faulting and volcanism together show that Managua is an unusually high-risk area in terms of geological hazards and that these hazards should be a primary consideration in evaluating reconstruction of Managua.
Surface motion of a semi-elliptical alluvial valley for incident plane SH waves
Authors: Wong H. L. , Trifunac M. D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
By using the exact analytical solution for the two-dimensional SH-wave propagation in and around an elastic inclusion whose cross section corresponds to one half of an ellipse, we have examined those aspects of the resulting ground motion that are of special interest for earthquake engineering and strong-motion seismology. Computed amplitudes and phases of periodic ground motion display complicated wave-interference phenomena that lead to nearly-standing wave patterns, abrupt changes in the amplification of incident motions along the free surface of the alluvial valley and strong dependence of the overall motions on the incidence angle of SH waves. By comparing the amplification patterns derived from the exact model with the amplifications computed on the basis of an equivalent single-layer model excited by the vertically incident shear waves, we have demonstrated that this approximate representation may lead to meaningful results only if the wavelength of incident waves is longer than the characteristic dimension of the alluvial valley. Although simple, we expect that the model presented in this paper might explain qualitatively the vibrations of some alluvial valleys excited by SH components of strong ground motion.
A fall in P-wave velocity before the Gisborne, New Zealand, earthquake of 1966
Authors: Sutton D. J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A fall in P-wave velocity before the Gisborne earthquake of March 4, 1966 is indicated by arrival-time residuals of P waves from distant earthquakes recorded at the Gisborne seismograph station. Residuals were averaged over 6-month intervals from 1964 to 1968 and showed an increase of about 0.5 sec, implying later arrival times. The change began about 480 days before the earthquake. This precursory time interval is about that expected for an earthquake of this magnitude (ML = 6.2), but unlike most other reported instances, there was no obvious delay between the return of the velocity to normal and the occurrence of the earthquake. Similar analyses were carried out over the same period for two other New Zealand seismograph stations; at Karapiro there was no significant variation in mean residuals, and at Wellington the scatter was too large for the results to be meaningful. The Gisborne earthquake had a focus in the lower crust, about 25 km deep and was deeper than other events for which such precursory drops in P-wave velocity have been reported.
Reflection and transmission of inhomogeneous waves with particular application to Rayleigh waves
Authors: Alsop L. E. , Goodman A. S. , Gregersen S. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The concept of inhomogeneous waves, which is quite common in the electromagnetic literature but not in the seismic, is reviewed. It is shown that the Rayleigh wave results from the constructive interference of a P inhomogeneous wave with an SV inhomogeneous wave. Of some interest is the fact that while the two inhomogeneous waves have prograde elliptical particle motions, they combine to yield the familiar retrograde motion near the surface. These two inhomogeneous waves are the only “allowed” inhomogeneous waves in a homogeneous elastic half-space. More can occur in a layered half-space but they are always discrete in number. However, “non-allowed” inhomogeneous waves often give a very good representation of the wave motion over a restricted area—a fact which is demonstrated for leaky modes and propagation of a Rayleigh wave on a three-quarter space. With this in mind, a formalism is developed for the transmission and reflection of the two allowed inhomogeneous waves making up the Rayleigh wave into nonallowed inhomogeneous waves. These are nonallowed in the sense that they do not fit the boundary conditions at a discrete number of points. Here the ray picture breaks down and diffractive effects occur. Our assumption is that for many interesting cases, these diffractive effects are small and can be ignored. The components of the resultant displacements and stresses from the nonallowed inhomogeneous waves on Rayleigh waves can be obtained by use of a relation due to Herrera, thus yielding the reflection and transmission coefficients. The agreement with previously published values is good. While only normal incidence is considered in this paper, the extension to non-normal incidence is straightforward. The required calculations are well within the capabilities of a small computer such as an IBM 1130.
Seismic event identification by negative evidence
Authors: Elvers Eva 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A decision-theoretical model for seismic discrimination between earthquakes and underground nuclear explosions is developed. The influence of long- and short-period detection thresholds on the probabilities to identify explosions and to make false alarms is discussed. The model includes identification by negative evidence. This kind of identification is considered in the case when only short-period data are available and when the long-period signal amplitude is supposed to be less than or equal to the seismic noise amplitude. For one set of data—obtained from North American events at the Hagfors Observatory in Sweden—the applicability of the m(M)-method is increased about half a magnitude by including identification by negative evidence.
Soil-structure interaction during the San Fernando earthquake
Authors: Crouse Charles B. , Jennings Paul C. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Accelerograms obtained at two sites during the San Fernando earthquake of 1971 were analyzed to investigate the role of soil-structure interaction, using techniques developed by Bielak and others. Analysis of the data from the site of the Hollywood Storage Building, for which data from the Arvin-Tehachapi earthquake of 1952 are also available, showed evidence of soil-structure interaction in the way the transfer functions between parking lot and basement motion decayed with increasing frequency in the two lateral directions. It is concluded also that interaction probably had a small effect on the response near the EW fundamental frequency during the San Fernando earthquake. Although theoretical and experimentally determined transfer functions are broadly similar, they do not agree in detail. The lack of good agreement for reasonable choices of the parameters of the theoretical model indicates a need for some modifications of the theory or its application, and a need for more measurements at the site.
A similar analysis showed no clear evidence of soil-structure interaction for the Millikan Library and Athanaeum buildings on the campus of the California Institute of Technology. If soil-structure interaction caused the major differences measured in the base motions of these two buildings, it is of a more complex form than that considered by present theories.
The Delaware-New Jersey earthquake of February 28, 1973
Authors: Sbar Marc L. , Jordan Robert R. , Stephens Christopher D. , Pickett Thomas E. , Woodruff Kenneth D. , Sammis Charles G. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The largest earthquake to affect northern Delaware in 100 years occurred at 08:21 GMT on February 28, 1973. The event was perceptible over 15,000 km2 in New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, and Maryland with a maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of V-VI near the Fall Zone between Wilmington and Claymont, Delaware. The isoseismals are elongate in a northeast-southwest direction. The main shock had a magnitude of 3.8 and was located at 39°43.1′N, 75°26.4′W with a depth of 14.1 km as calculated by NOAA. The five aftershocks located in this study were centered within a few kilometers of the region of greatest intensity at about 39°47′N and 75°25′W with depths ranging from 5 to 8.4 km. The fault plane solution determined from the mainshock and aftershocks indicates dip-slip motion on a nearly vertical plane striking N28°E. The southeast side is down in agreement with geological observations of subsidence of the Coastal Plain and uplift of the Piedmont. The strike of this fault is similar to that of the border faults of a graben in the basement rocks about 30 km southwest along the strike from the epicenter suggesting that the seismic activity may be associated with such faults.
Attenuation of shear waves along the San Andreas fault zone in central California
Authors: Kurita Tuneto 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Ground motions at distances of 20 to 30 km from two moderate earthquakes, which occurred along the San Andreas fault zone in central California on February 24, 1972 (M = 5.0) and on September 4, 1972 (M = 4.6), were well recorded at two stations on quite different crustal structures astride the fault. The similarity of the focal mechanisms and the observed spectra at each station, for both earthquakes, makes it possible to apply the spectral ratio method for evaluating Q for direct shear waves propagating along and adjacent to the fault zone. The resultant linear relations between the average values of Q of SH waves for the wave paths from both earthquakes to each station, together with a few reasonable assumptions, suggest the following properties of the variation of Q in the upper crust: In the fracture zone of Tertiary and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks along the fault to the northeast of the Gabilan range, the average Q in the upper 6 km is as low as 20. Although less certain, under the northeastern part of the Gabilan range composed of Mesozoic granites southwest of the fault, the average Q in the upper 6 km is about 100 or more and the intrinsic Q begins to decrease at a depth of several kilometers. This depth corresponds to the bottom of the well-defined zone of aftershock occurrence following moderate earthquakes.
Time-dependence of P residuals in Luzon
Authors: Wyss M. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
During 1964 through 1970 changes of the average P residuals at Baguio show no clear anomaly that could be attributed to any of the recent large earthquakes in Luzon. The average P residuals at Manila show a strong anomaly which was evidently due to poor maintenance of this station rather than to a tectonic cause.
Historical seismicity of Iraq
Authors: Alsinawi Sahil , Ghalib Hafidh A. A. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Iraq has a rather long well-documented history of seismic activity, where 79 events of major and/or minor effect on the community are documented for the period 1260 B.C. through 1900 A.D. Fourteen of these events are listed and described for the first time from an Arabic manuscript.
The historical seismicity follows a well-defined pattern and fits with the boundaries of the major tectonic units of Iraq, as well as with the recent seismicity of the country.
The applicability of principal component analysis to the separation of multiple plane-wave signals
Authors: Der Z. A. , Flinn E. A. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
It is shown that principal component analysis (eigenvector-eigenvalue decomposition of array spectral matrices) can be used for the approximate separation of superposed plane-wave signals only if at least one of the following conditions is satisfied:
Application of the method for such cases is demonstrated on composited long-period seismograms using recordings from the D ring and center element of ASA.
Evidence for afterslip on the San Fernando fault
Authors: Savage J. C. , Church J. P. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Postearthquake changes in elevation across the Tujunga segment of the San Fernando fault in the period March 1971 to 1973-1974 indicate deformation similar in distribution to, but on a much smaller scale than, the coseismic deformation (the maximum postearthquake uplift is about 60 mm compared to the 2 m of coseismic uplift). The postearthquake elevation change just east of the 1971 rupture is a nearly uniform increase in elevation to the north that reaches about 60 mm at the end of the profile. The postearthquake elevation change across the Sylmar segment of the San Fernando fault is more subdued and apparently in the opposite sense from the coseismic deformation; it may be due to local compaction. The horizontal deformation observed in the period August 1971 to March 1973 across a geodimeter network that spans the San Fernando fault is minor (displacement not more than 10 mm). If the explanation of the observed vertical deformation across the Tujunga segment of the fault is indeed afterslip, the deformation must have occurred chiefly in the period March to August 1971.
First motions from seismic sources in a semi-infinite homo-geneous medium overlain by an inhomogeneous layer
Authors: Sidhu R. S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The problem of seismic radiation from buried sources situated at a depth H below the free surface of an inhomogeneous layer of thickness h(&lt; H) overlying a semi-infinite homogeneous medium is considered. First-motion solutions have been obtained at the free surface. Three point sources—slip on a horizontal plane, strike slip on a vertical plane and dip slip on a plane dipping at 45°—are considered in detail. Numerical results are computed for a linear increase of P and S velocities in the layer. Amplitude variations and first-motion signs of P, SV and SH waves are shown graphically for homogeneous and inhomogeneous media.
Reconnaissance report of the Antigua, West Indies, earthquake of October 8, 1974
Authors: Tomblin J. F. , Aspinall W. P. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A major earthquake (mb = 6.6; Ms = 7.5, U.S. Geological Survey) occurred in the northern Lesser Antilles on October 8, 1974, causing damage of Modified Mercalli intensity VIII on the island of Antigua and lower intensities on the more distant islands.
The damage was confined mainly to larger and older buildings, to a petroleum refinery, and to a deep-water harbor. No earthquake-resistant building code exists in most of the Lesser Antilles, and in the majority of cases examined it was clear that structural damage had occurred because the building concerned could not have met the elementary requirements of a typical code.
A few people received minor injuries, but no fatality was reported.
The hypocenter of the main shock and many of the aftershocks lay about 30 km above the westward-dipping zone defined by activity over the last decade. The earthquake was tectonic in origin since the epicenter was 50 km from the nearest recent volcano.
Shear velocity from differential travel times of short-period ScS-P in New Hebrides, Fiji-Tonga, and Banda Sea regions
Authors: Choudhury Mansur A. , Poupinet Georges , Perrier Guy 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Behavior of P, S and ScS residuals as well as those of differential travel times of ScS-P from the Jeffreys-Bullen tables are analyzed. The phases have been read from short-period records of the Antarctic station, Dumont d'Urville (DRV); the earthquakes originating in New Hebrides, Fiji-Tonga, and Banda Sea regions. P residuals from all regions show a mean value of about −1 sec. On the contrary, S and ScS residuals, well correlated among themselves, show important regional as well as focal-depth dependence. ScS-P residuals from shallow and intermediate shocks are largely positive for New Hebrides and largely negative for Banda Sea; those from intermediate shocks are moderately positive for Fiji-Tonga. The anomalies disappear at depths greater than about 200 km. Upper mantle shear velocity models are presented for the three regions. The models are discussed in relation to a sinking lithosphere.
Torsional response of structures for SH waves: The case of hemispherical foundations
Authors: Luco J. E. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A study is made of the harmonic torsional response of an elastic structure placed on a rigid hemispherical foundation which is supported on an elastic medium and is subjected to the action of obliquely incident plane SH waves. As a basic step in the solution of the torsion interaction problem, a closed-form solution is obtained for the torsional response of a rigid hemispherical foundation excited externally by a harmonic torque and through the soil by an obliquely incident plane SH wave. Comparisons between the results for a hemispherical foundation with those for a circular plate allow the estimation of the effects that the embedment of the foundation has on the torsional response of the superstructure.
The mechanics of locating earthquakes
Authors: Buland Ray 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A complete reexamination of Geiger's method in the light of modern numerical analysis indicates that numerical stability can be insured by use of the QR algorithm and the convergence domain considerably enlarged by the introduction of step-length damping. In order to make the maximum use of all data, the method is developed assuming a priori estimates of the statistics of the random errors at each station. Numerical experiments indicate that the bulk of the joint probability density of the location parameters is in the linear region allowing simple estimates of the standard errors of the parameters. The location parameters are found to be distributed as one minus chi squared with m degrees of freedom, where m is the number of parameters, allowing the simple construction of confidence levels. The use of the chi-squared test with n-m degrees of freedom, where n is the number of data, is introduced as a means of qualitatively evaluating the correctness of the earth model.