bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lunatic Fringe-GFP Marks Lamina-Specific Astrocytes That Regulate Sensory Processing
Authors: Akdemir Ekin Su , Woo Junsung , Bosquez Huerta Navish A. , Lozzi Brittney , Groves Andrew K. , Harmanci Akdes Serin , Deneen Benjamin 
Published: December 2021

Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell in the brain and perform a wide range of tasks that support neuronal function and circuit activities. There is emerging evidence that astrocytes exhibit molecular and cellular heterogeneity; however, whether distinct subpopulations perform these diverse roles remains poorly defined. Here we show that the Lunatic Fringe-GFP (Lfng-GFP) bacteria artificial chromosome mouse line from both sexes specifically labels astrocyte populations within lamina III and IV of the dorsal spinal cord. Transcriptional profiling of Lfng-GFP+astrocytes revealed unique molecular profiles, featuring an enriched expression of Notch- and Wnt- pathway components. Leveraging CRE-DOG viral tools, we ablated Lfng-GFP+astrocytes, which decreased neuronal activity in lamina III and IV and impaired mechanosensation associated with light touch. Together, our findings identify Lfng-GFP+astrocytes as a unique subpopulation that occupies a distinct anatomic location in the spinal cord and directly contributes to neuronal function and sensory responses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAstrocytes are the most abundant glial cell in the CNS, and their interactions with neurons are essential for brain function. However, understanding the functional diversity of astrocytes has been hindered because of the lack of reporters that mark subpopulations and genetic tools for accessing them. We discovered that the Lfng-GFP reporter mouse labels a laminae-specific subpopulation of astrocytes in the dorsal spinal cord and that ablation of these astrocytes reduces glutamatergic synapses. Further analysis revealed that these astrocytes have a role in maintaining sensory-processing circuity related to light touch.
Report of a family with three generations of undiagnosed familial nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism
Authors: Stephenson Alexandra , Punjwani Zoya , Eszlinger Markus , Sawicka Beata , Bossowski Artur , Paschke Ralf 
Published: December 2021

Summary
Familial nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism (FNAH) is rare and occurs due to a constitutively activating thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) germline mutation. Forty-one families with FNAH have been reported so far. In the study, 17 of 41 families were not diagnosed with FNAH until three generations or more were described with hyperthyroidism. We report a case of FNAH diagnosed in the third generation. The index patient was diagnosed with hyperthyroidism at age 3. Large fluctuations in thyroid hormone levels occurred during anti-thyroid drug treatment, and he developed a goiter. The patient’s mother had similar history, requiring two surgical interventions and radioiodine treatment. The younger brother of the index patient did not experience large thyroid hormone level fluctuations, nor increased thyroid growth. A heterozygous TSHR c.1357A>G mutation, resulting in a M453V amino acid exchange, was detected in all three patients leading to FNAH diagnosis, with complete genotype–phenotype segregation. Based on Sorting intolerant from tolerant (SIFT) and PolyPhen2 scores of 0.01 and 0.99, respectively, an effect on protein function can be assumed. As illustrated by this family with FNAH, total thyr oidectomy is necessary for patients with nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism. Development of goiter is common, anti-thyroid drug treatment is often difficult, and remission of hyperthyroidism does not occur after discontinuation of anti-thyroid drug treatment. Thus, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of FNAH is necessary to avoid predictable, unnecessary complications and further surgical interventions.

Learning points

In the study, 19/42 cases of familial nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism (FNAH), including the reported case, were not diagnosed as FNAH until the third generation; this lead to suboptimal treatment and frequent relapses of nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism (NAH).

Detection of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) mutations in patients with suspected FNAH to confirm diagnosis is essential to ensure proper treatment for the patient and further affected family members.

NAH will persist without proper treatment by total thyroidectomy.

Symptoms and age of onset may vary between family members

All family members with a TSHR germline mutation should be monitored with thyroid-stimulating hormone and for symptoms throughout their lives.
Preoperative calcitonin testing improves the diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma in female and male patients
Authors: Weber Theresia , Poplawski Alicia , Vorländer Christian , Dotzenrath Cornelia , Ringelband Rolf , Schabram Jochen , Passler Christian , Zielke Andreas , Schlegel Nicolas , Nies Christoph , Krenz Detlef , Jähne Joachim , Schwab Robert , Bartsch Detlef K , Binnebösel Marcel , Kemen Matthias , Klinger Carsten , Buhr Heinz , Lorenz Kerstin 
Published: December 2021

Aim
Calcitonin (Ctn) measurement in patients with thyroid disease could potentially increase the detection rates of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) but remains a controversial issue. The aim of this study was to evaluate routine preoperative Ctn measurements.

Methods
All patients with thyroid surgery documented in the prospective StuDoQ|Thyroid registry between March 2017 and September 2020 were included. Cutoff levels for Ctn were determined with receiver-operating characteristic analyses to assess the preoperative diagnosis of MTC in subgroups for females and males.

Findings
In 29 590 of 39 679 patients (75%) participating in the registry, routine preoperative Ctn testing was performed. In 357 patients (227 females and 130 males), histopathology confirmed MTC with a mean tumor size of 14.7 mm (±12.43). Biochemical cure was achieved in 71.4% of the patients. Ctn levels between 11 and 20 pg/mL were seen in 2.6% of the patients, and only 0.7% of the patients had Ctn levels above 21 pg/mL. Cutoff levels for the diagnosis of MTC were 7.9 pg/mL for females and 15 pg/mL for males (P  < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity for females were 95 and 98%, and 96 and 97% for males, respectively.

Conclusion
Routine Ctn testing is a reliable predictor for MTC and provides the opportunity for earlier thyroidectomy before lymph node metastases occur, resulting in a better prognosis. Females with Ctn levels >7.9 pg/mL and males >15 pg/mL without any other extrathyroidal sources for an elevated Ctn should be monitored. Thyroid surgery should be considered if Ctn levels are increasing or ultrasound detects suspicious thyroid lesions.
Quality Improvement Approach to Increase Inpatient Pediatric Secondhand Smoke Exposure Screening
Authors: Studenmund Christine , Williams Jazzmin , Hernandez Antonio , Young Elda , Hui Ying Ying , Cruz Edward , Gribben Valerie 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND
Secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) is highly prevalent among children and has numerous adverse health effects. Consistent screening for SHSe is an essential first step to helping families break the toxic cycle of smoking.

METHODS
With this quality improvement project, we evaluated a SHSe screening and cessation resource distribution protocol in a general pediatrics inpatient unit of a safety-net hospital. Our primary outcome measure was the percent of admissions screened for SHSe, with a goal of increasing our documented rate of SHSe screening from 0% to 70% within 6 months of implementation. Our secondary outcome measure was the percent of those who screened positive for SHSe who were offered smoking cessation resources. Process measures included tracking nurse confidence in screening and compliance with new workflow training. Balancing measures were nurse satisfaction and brevity of screening.

RESULTS
From May 1, 2019, to April 30, 2020, nurses screened 97.2% of the 394 patients admitted to the pediatric unit for SHSe. Of the patients screened, 15.7% were exposed to cigarettes or other tobacco products, 5.6% to e-cigarettes, and 6.5% to marijuana. Nurses documented offering “Quit Kits” with cessation materials to 45 caregivers (72.6% of positive screen results) and offering 33 referrals to the California Smokers' Helpline (53.2% of positive screen results).

CONCLUSION
In this project, we successfully implemented a screening protocol for SHSe to tobacco, e-cigarettes, and marijuana and a workflow for cessation resource distribution in an inpatient pediatric setting that far exceeded goals. Requiring minimal maintenance and using just a simple paper-based format, the workflow could be adopted at other institutions.
The structural dilemma of value-chain upgrading: Hungarian suppliers' integration into the world economy
Authors: Gerőcs Tamás 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the following paper, I examine the considerable impact of the recent world-economic shift that has determined the circumstances of Hungarian suppliers' value-chain integration. I argue that as a result of the specialized positions they occupied in the value-chain after the collapse of the Comecon market, Hungarian enterprises in export-oriented industries faced a dilemma—a trade-off between obtaining the most advanced technologies (and thus access to world-market niches) and retaining ownership in the hands of domestic capital. When company managers opted to protect ownership with the help of the state, they exposed themselves to greater risk of downgrading their position in the value chain. If they managed to get access to advanced technologies (and the requisite funding), they were more likely to lose control over their company's assets, either as a result of a hostile takeover or becoming part of the larger partner's merger-and-acquisition plans. This paper is a discussion of some of the particular characteristics of this dilemma, as well as a comparison with the experience of Hungarian service providers who implemented a different strategy. This paper is also a critical assessment of some of the chief characteristics of the world-economic evolution that has been underway since 2009, such as German automotive value chains' expansion in the CEE region and the growing role of Chinese capital in regional infrastructural projects.
The adoption of industry 4.0 and digitalisation of Hungarian SMEs
Authors: Endrődi-Kovács Viktória , Stukovszky Tamás 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hungarian small- and medium-sized enterprises are facing the challenges of digitalisation and innovation to survive fierce competition in the era of Industry 4.0, and particularly of COVID-19. Survival in the heavily hit sectors depends on the degree of digitalisation and involvement in e-commerce. This paper aims to examine Hungarian SMEs’ current scale of digitalisation and adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies. It also analyses the role of the Hungarian government’s support for SMEs’ digital transformation. To this end, secondary data were collected from Eurostat, the European Commission and the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, including the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI), indices of skills and innovation from SME performance reviews and sectoral business statistics. In processing the data, the study strictly followed the European Commission’ classification protocol, complemented by a qualitative analysis of reports and programmes related to digitalisation and Industry 4.0 in Hungary. The findings reveal that there is a further need for strengthening the digitalisation and innovation capacities of Hungarian SMEs. The effects of introduced measures could not be seen yet. Hence, the Hungarian government should continue to support SMEs’ digital transformation in order to increase their role in high-tech manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services.
Improving of ventilation efficiency at air distribution by the swirled air jets
Authors: Voznyak Orest , Savchenko Olena , Spodyniuk Nadiia , Sukholova Iryna , Kasynets Mariana , Dovbush Oleksandr 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to decision of actual task of air distribution efficiency increase due to swirled air jets application. The aim of the paper is investigation of swirled air jets, analytical dependencies obtaining for determination of the air velocity attenuation coefficient, aerodynamic local resistance coefficient and noise level from the twisting plates inclination angle; optimization of the twisting plates inclination angle of the air distributor. It has been established that increase of the angle results in the air velocity attenuation coefficient increase and results in decrease of the noise level and resistance coefficient of air distributor. The optimum angle of the plates is determined considering aerodynamic, noise and energy aspects and equals 36°.
Igazságos szolgáltatások? A közérdekű szolgáltatások fejlesztésének hatása a társadalmi térbeli viszonyokra
Authors: Tagai Gergely 
Published: December 2021

A társadalmi és térbeli igazságosság koncepciói arra a kérdésre keresik a választ, hogyan kezelhetők a társadalmon belüli egyenlőtlenségek méltányos módon, és hogyan lehet egyenlő lehetőségeket biztosítani a társadalom tagjai számára. Ennek a kérdésnek a megválaszolásában kulcsszerepe van a szolgáltatások fenntartásának: hogyan biztosítható különböző szolgáltatások igazságos és méltányos ellátása ezek meglétét, elérhetőségét, megfizethetőségét vagy minőségét figyelembe véve. A közérdekű szolgáltatások ideájának alapelvei egy olyan európai társadalmi működésmódban gyökereznek, amely az egyenlő lehetőségek, társadalmi jólét, szolidaritás és kohézió elérését célozza. Ezek a társadalmi és térbeli igazságosságot érintő törekvéseknek is központi elemei.
A vizsgált esettanulmányok tapasztalatai azt jelzik, hogy bár a közérdekű szolgáltatások biztosításával kapcsolatos helyi kihívások bizonyos mértékig kezelhetők (pl. az életkörülmények javítása), a helyi szolgáltatások fejlesztését célzó programok a társadalmi és térbeli szempontból igazságtalan helyzetek és hierarchikus függőségek újratermelését is eredményezhetik az elosztási mechanizmusok és intézményi gyakorlatok hiányosságai miatt. Az ebben a folyamatban részt vevő aktorok szerepe, felelőssége és erőviszonyaik mind alapvető fontossággal bírnak, minthogy ők képeznek kapcsot az elismert és érvényesíteni kívánt elvek, illetve a tényleges megvalósítás között.
A társadalmi és térbeli igazságosság koncepciói arra a kérdésre keresik a választ, hogyan kezelhetők a társadalmon belüli egyenlőtlenségek méltányos módon, és hogyan lehet egyenlő lehetőségeket biztosítani a társadalom tagjai számára. Ennek a kérdésnek a megválaszolásában kulcsszerepe van a szolgáltatások fenntartásának: hogyan biztosítható különböző szolgáltatások igazságos és méltányos ellátása ezek meglétét, elérhetőségét, megfizethetőségét vagy minőségét figyelembe véve. A közérdekű szolgáltatások ideájának alapelvei egy olyan európai társadalmi működésmódban gyökereznek, amely az egyenlő lehetőségek, társadalmi jólét, szolidaritás és kohézió elérését célozza. Ezek a társadalmi és térbeli igazságosságot érintő törekvéseknek is központi elemei.
A vizsgált esettanulmányok tapasztalatai azt jelzik, hogy bár a közérdekű szolgáltatások biztosításával kapcsolatos helyi kihívások bizonyos mértékig kezelhetők (pl. az életkörülmények javítása), a helyi szolgáltatások fejlesztését célzó programok a társadalmi és térbeli szempontból igazságtalan helyzetek és hierarchikus függőségek újratermelését is eredményezhetik az elosztási mechanizmusok és intézményi gyakorlatok hiányosságai miatt. Az ebben a folyamatban részt vevő cselekvői csoportok szerepe, felelőssége és erőviszonyaik mind alapvető fontossággal bírnak, minthogy ők képeznek kapcsot az elismert és érvényesíteni kívánt elvek, illetve a tényleges megvalósítás között.
Municipal Procedural Relations and Their Types
Authors: Zabelina E. P. 
Published: December 2021

The paper examines the content of municipal procedural relations, highlights their derivation from municipal substantive legal relations. Substantive and procedural norms in municipal law and their distinctive objectives and features of practice of their application constitute the basis for the separation of municipal procedural relations from the system of municipal legal relations. Municipal procedural legal relations arise when their participants carry out actions aimed at ensuring their powers to resolve issues of local importance. The author shows the difference between substantive and procedural legal relations according to their object and grounds of occurrence and distinguishes them according to such criteria as participants and their objective. Based on the first criterion, six types of municipal procedural relations are distinguished, according to the objective criterion, four blocks of municipal procedural relations are distinguished. Taking into account that in recent years a federal legislator has entrusted more than one and a half thousand substantive powers to local self-government bodies, the author concludes that it is necessary to intensify their law-making activities in order to develop and adopt municipal procedural acts.
Deepfake and other Artificial Inntelligence Products on the Way to the Development of Online Justice
Authors: Laptev V. A. 
Published: December 2021

The development of online justice has led to the emergence of the need for a reasonable assessment of the challenges posed by information technology at the present stage. Advanced technologies make it possible not only to ensure digital litigation in Russia, but also to give it a qualitatively new meaning and procedure for its implementation. The paper reveals artificial intelligence technologies and products of its work that impede the development of online justice in the absence of their proper regulation, including technological one. The rapid and at the same time inevitable introduction into the modern justice system of "new" types of evidence — digital evidence — can negatively affect the objectivity of the court’s conclusions and the distribution of the burden of proof (adversarial nature) between the participants in the process. The study proposes to give a legal assessment to deepfakes and other realistic fakes created by artificial intelligence, which can become a serious obstacle to the development of online justice. The laws of physics, technological progress and information technologies testify, on the one hand, to the unique capabilities of breakthrough technologies, and on the other, to a possible significant change in the traditional institutions of the judicial process and, as a consequence, justice (“law” and “court”). The author proposes solutions to the issues under consideration, making it possible to authenticate the participants in the process and the reliability of electronic evidence using the appropriate technological equipment of the court.
Słowotwórstwo a składnia w nauczaniu języka polskiego jako obcego. Część 2. Rozwiązania dydaktyczne
Authors: Walkiewicz Aleksandra 
Published: December 2021

Artykuł, stanowiący drugą część rozważań poświęconego relacjom między słowotwórstwem a składnią w nauczaniu języka polskiego jako obcego (jpjo), opisuje rozwiązania dydaktyczne, które można wdrożyć w oparciu o wiadomości teoretyczne zawarte w części pierwszej. Tekst rozpoczyna przegląd zawartości programów nauczania i podręczników pod kątem obecnych w nich powiązań między derywacją a składnią. Następnie analizie poddano zadania mające na celu utrwalanie i testowanie wiedzy słowotwórczo-składniowej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem najlepiej przystosowanych do tego ćwiczeń transformacyjnych. Ostatnia część artykułu zawiera wskazówki metodyczne i uproszczone, eksplicytne reguły dotyczące dziedziczenia cech składniowych, a także innych problemów, które warto uwzględnić w nauczaniu jpjo.
ACTINIUM ABUNDANCES IN STELLAR ATMOSPHERES
Authors: Yushchenko V. , Gopka V. , Yushchenko A.V. , Shavrina A. , Pavlenkо Ya. , Vasil’eva S. 
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a study of radioactive actinium in the atmospheres of stars located in galaxies with different chemical evolution history – namely, Przybylski's Star (HD 101065) in the Milky Way and the red supergiant PMMR27 in the Small Magellanic Cloud; it also reports the findings of the previous research of the red supergiant RM 1-667 in the Large Magellanic Cloud and the red giant BL138 in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy. The actinium abundance is close to that of uranium in the atmospheres of certain stars in the Milky Way’s halo and in the atmosphere of Arcturus. The following actinium abundances have been obtained (in a scale of lg N(H) = 12): for the red supergiants PMMR27 and RM 1- 667 lg N(Ac) = -1.7 and lg N(Ac) = -1.3, respectively, and for the red giant BL138 lg N(Ac) = -1.6. The actinium abundance in the atmosphere of Przybylski's Star (HD 101065) is lg N(Ac) = `0.94±0.09, which is more than two orders of magnitude higher than those in the atmospheres of the other studied stars.
THE 3-D NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF THE DEPENDENCE OF THE DISK STRUCTURE FROM THE WIND CONFIGURATION IN ONE-POINT IN MICROQUASAR CYG X-1. THE CASE OF THE HIGH RESOLUTION GRID IN THE VERTICAL DIRECTION
Authors: Nazarenko V.V. 
Published: December 2021

The present paper is devoted to the investigation how the disk structure is depending from the one-point wind one in microquasar CYG X-1. The results show that when the region in which the wind is absent in the vicinity of one-point has the size less or equal to 0.07 the disk radius is very small, order of 0.08 in units of orbital separation. When this size is increased to 0.115 the disk radius becomes to be of standard size to be equal to 0.22 in units of orbital separation. By the other words these results show that the disk structure is strong depending from many factors including and the donor’s wind configuration in the vicinity of one-point. This configuration is inherent to microquasars only. Indeed, since microqausars are the massive close binary systems; the donor in these systems is massive star from which the strong radiation- driving wind is blowing. On the other hand, in microquasars accretion disks are present and it means that one-point stream is also present in microqausars. It in turn means that the matter configuration in the vicinity of one-point is very complicated since the high mass loss rate donor’s wind and one-point stream must be existing in the vicinity of one-point simultaneously. This situation maybe resolved when we suppose that the central source in an accretion disk will influence on the donor’s atmosphere structure in the vicinity of one-point and in turn will be result in the break of wind in the vicinity of one-point. This finally will be means that one-point stream will be existing in one-point without a wind and it, flowing in the accretor’s Roche lobe, will be result in an accretion disk forma- tion. Here one problem is arising: what is the configuration of wind in the extended vicinity of one-point and from what the parameters this configuration is depending and haw this configuration will be results to the disk structure change. We good understand that this situation is arising in the case of microquasars only and we try to resolve this problem in the present paper.