bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Detection of Osteosarcoma Based on Integrated Features and Feature Selection Using Binary Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Bansal Priti , Gehlot Kshitiz , Singhal Abhishek 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Osteosarcoma is one of the most common malignant bone tumor mostly found in children and teenagers. Manual detection of osteosarcoma requires expertise and is a labour-intensive process. If detected on time, the mortality rate can be reduced. With the advent of new technologies, automatic detection systems are used to analyse and classify images obtained from different sources. Here, we propose an automatic detection system Integrated Features-Feature Selection Model for Classification (IF-FSM-C) that detect osteosarcoma from the high-resolution whole slide images (WSIs). The novelty of the proposed approach is the use of integrated features obtained by fusion of features extracted using traditional handcrafted feature extraction techniques and deep learning models. It is quite possible that the integrated features may contain some redundant and irrelevant features which may unnecessarily increases the computation time and leads to wastage of resources. To avoid this, we perform feature selection (FS) before giving the integrated features to the classifier. To perform feature selection, we propose two binary variants of recently proposed Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) known as BAOA-S and BAOA-V. The selected features are given to a classifier that classifies the WSIs into Viable tumor (VT), Non-viable tumor (NVT) and non-tumor (NT). Experiments are performed and the results prove the superiority of the proposed IF-FSM-C that uses integrated features and feature selection in classifying WSIs as compared to the classifiers which use handcrafted or deep learning features alone as well as state-of-the-art methods for osteosarcoma detection.
Detection of a Major QTL and Development of KASP Markers for Seed Weight by Combining QTL-seq, QTL-mapping and RNA-seq in Peanut
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Yan Liying , Chen Yuning , Wang Xin , Huai Dongxin , Kang Yanping , Jiang Huifang , Lei Yong , Liao Boshou 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Seed weight is a major target of peanut breeding as an important component of seed yield. However, relatively little is known about QTLs and candidate genes associated with seed weight in peanut. In this study, three major QTLs on chromosomes A05, B02 and B06 were determined by applying NGS-based QTL-seq approach for a RIL population. These three QTL regions have been successfully narrowed down through newly developed SNP and SSR markers based on traditional QTL mapping. Among these three QTL regions, qSWB06.3 exhibited stable expression with large contribution to phenotypic variance across all environments. Furthermore, RNA-seq were applied for early, middle and late stages of seed development, and differentially expression genes (DEGs) were identified in ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, serine/threonine protein pathway and signal transduction of hormones and transcription factors. Notably, DEGs at early stage were majorly related to regulating cell division, whereas DEGs at middle and late stages were mainly associated with cell expansion during seed development. Through integrating SNP variation, gene expression and functional annotation, candidate genes related to seed weight in qSWB06.3 were predicted and distinct expression pattern of those genes were exhibited using qRT-PCR. In addition, KASP-markers in qSWB06.3 were successfully validated in diverse peanut varieties and the alleles of parent Zhonghua16 in qSWB06.3 was associated with high seed weight. This suggested that qSWB06.3 was reliable and the markers in qSWB06.3 could be deployed in marker-assisted breeding to enhance seed weight. This study provided insights into the understanding of genetic and molecular mechanisms of seed weight in peanut.
Bioaccumulation and Transfer of Zinc in Soil Plant and Animal System: A Health Risk Assessment for the Grazing Animals.
Authors: Chen Fu , Muhammad Fatima Ghulam , Khan Zafar Iqbal , Ahmad Kafeel , Malik Ifra Saleem , Ashfaq Asma , Naeem Majida , Nadeem Muhammad , Ma Jing , Awan Muhammad Umer Farooq , Mahpara Shahzadi , Mehmood Shahid 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Heavy metal pollution has thoroughly worldwide apprehensions due to the instantaneous growth of industries. Farming regions are irrigated mainly with wastewater which contains both municipal and industrial emancipations. Therefore, three sites irrigated with ground, canal and municipal-wastewater in the District Jhang were selected to determine the zinc accumulation and its transfer in the soil, plant and animal food-chain. Soil, forage and animal samples of cow, buffalo and sheep were selected from each site. Various pollution indices were also measured to assess the zinc exposure to grazing animals. Zinc concentration was ranged as 18.85-35.59mg/kg in the soil, 26.42-42.67 mg/kg in the forage and 0.982-2.85mg/kg in the animal samples. Investigated zinc concentration in soil and forages was found to be within the recommended WHO/FAO limits but blood samples exceeding the standards of NRC (2007). Maximum level of pollution load index (0.427-0.805mg/kg) and enrichment factor (0.373-0.894 mg/kg) for zinc was noticed upon waste water irrigation. Daily intake (0.039 to 0.082 mg/kg/day) and health risk index (0.130 to 0.275 mg/kg/day) of zinc metal was higher in the buffaloes that feed on waste water irrigated forages. Bio-concentration factor (0.840 to 2.01mg/kg) for soil-forage was >1 represented that these plants accumulated the zinc concentration into their tissues and raised health issues in grazing animals on consumption of waste water contaminated forages. Overall findings of this study, suggested that animal herds should be monitored periodically to devise preventive measures regarding the toxic level of heavy metals availability to livestock.
Analysis of Long-term Rainfall Trends in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md. Mizanur , Imam Md. Hasan , Roy Sabuj , Hoque Farhana , Ahsan Urmee 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study of rainfall trends is critically important for Bangladesh whose food security and economy are dependent on the timely availability of water. Trends in monthly, seasonal, and annual rainfall on the eight divisions as well as all Bangladesh were examined in this study using a monthly data series of 40 years (1981–2020). Most of the divisions showed decreasing trend in monsoon seasonal rainfall but for only three divisions namely Dhaka, Rajshahi and Rangpur were statistically significant except in Chattogram division, whereas rainfall trend showed positive but not significant. On an annual scale, all divisions also showed a decreasing trend with insignificant exceptions in Dhaka and Rajshahi divisions, which showed a statistically significant trend. For all Bangladesh, no significant trend was detected for seasonal rainfall. Annual, pre-monsoon, monsoon and winter rainfall decreased, while post-monsoon rainfall increased at the national scale but was not significant. Only annual rainfall was detected as statistically significant for all Bangladesh.
Simulating the Spatial Distribution of Pollutant Loads from Pig Farming using an Agent-based Modeling Approach
Authors: Ngo An The , Nguyen Giang Thi Huong , Nong Duong Huu , See Linda 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research developed an agent-based model (ABM) for simulating pollutant loads from pig farming. The behavior of farmer agents was captured using concepts from the Theory of Planned Behavior. The ABM has three basic components: the household or farmer agent, the land patches and global parameters that capture the environmental context. The model was evaluated using a sensitivity analysis, and then validated using data from a household survey, which showed that the predictive ability of the model was good. The ABM was then used in three scenarios: a baseline scenario, a positive scenario in which the number of pigs was assumed to remain stable but supporting policies for environmental management were increased, and a negative scenario, which assumed the number of pigs increases but management measures did not improve relative to the baseline. The positive scenario showed reductions in the discharged loads for many sub-basins of the study area while the negative scenario indicated that increased loads will be discharged to the environment. The scenario results suggest that to maintain the development of pig production while ensuring environmental protection for the district, financial and technical support must be provided to the pig producers. The experience and education level of the farmers were significant factors influencing behaviors related to the manure reuse and treatment, so awareness raising through environmental communication is needed in addition to technical measures.
Vision Based Supervised Restricted Boltzmann Machine Helps to Actuate Novel Shape Memory Alloy Accurately
Authors: Dutta Ritaban , Chen Cherry , Renshaw David , Liang Daniel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Extraordinary shape recovery capabilities of shape memory alloys (SMAs) have made them a crucial building block for the development of next-generation soft robotic systems and associated cognitive robotic controllers. In this study we desired to determine whether combining video data analysis techniques with machine learning techniques could develop a computer vision based predictive system to accurately predict force generated by the movement of a SMA body that is capable of a multi-point actuation performance. We identified that rapid video capture of the bending movements of a SMA body while undergoing external electrical excitements and adapting that characterisation using computer vision approach into a machine learning model, can accurately predict the amount of actuation force generated by the body. This is a fundamental area for achieving a superior control of the actuation of SMA bodies. We demonstrate that a supervised machine learning framework trained with Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) inspired features extracted from 45000 digital thermal infrared video frames captured during excitement of various SMA shapes, is capable to estimate and predict force and stress with 93% global accuracy with very low false negatives and high level of predictive generalisation.
The Value of Complete Blood Count For The Prognosis Analysis of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Lv Xiang , Han Songtao , Xu Bin , Deng Yuqin , Yangchun Feng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective

To investigate the value of complete blood count in predicting the survival rate of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Methods

A total of 3587 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who were initially admitted to the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2010 to December 2017 were collected by retrospective study. The relevant clinical data were collected by the medical record system, and the patients were followed up by the hospital medical record follow-up system. The follow-up outcome was death. The survival time of all patients was obtained. The survival curve was established using the cut-off value of each index obtained by ROC curve. The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis model and nomogram were established to predict the survival prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The role of each index in the prognosis of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was studied
Results

The cut-off values of NLR, NMR, LMR, RDW and PDW in blood routine were 3.52, 10.22, 2.25, 13.85% and 12.05%, respectively. Survival curve analysis showed that patients aged < 60 years and NLR < 3.52 had survival. All indicators were divided into high and low groups according to ROC curve. Univariate Cox regression analysis model showed that RDW (≥ 13.85) and NLR (≥ 3.52) groups were risk factors for the prognosis of ESCC, with HR values of 1.099 (1.015–1.191; p = 0.020) and 1.340 (1.231–1.458; p < 0.001) compared with RDW (< 13.85) and NLR (< 3.52), respectively; multivariate Cox regression analysis model showed that NLR was significantly associated with the prognosis of ESCC, with HR of 1.342 (1.232–1.461; p < 0.001) for NLR (≥ 3.52) NLR (< 3.52).
Conclusion

NLR results in blood count can be used to predict the survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Demography of the enigmatic low phase in a cyclic lemming population
Authors: Fauteux Dominique , Gauthier Gilles 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Deciphering the mechanism behind the lack of growth during the prolonged low abundance phase of cyclic populations represents a major challenge due to the lack of data. However, long-term capture-mark-recapture datasets can help resolve this question through demographic analyses. We analysed the demography and movements of cyclic brown lemmings on Bylot Island, Canada, with a 16-yr (2004-2019) live-trapping program and looked for inversely density-dependent factors that could contribute to a prolonged low phase. We found that the proportion of females in the population was inversely density-dependent with a strong male-biased sex ratio at low densities but not at high densities. In contrast, survival of adult females was higher than adult males, but both had lower survival at low densities than at high ones. Distances moved by both adult males and females were density-dependent, and proportion of females in reproductive condition was weakly density-dependent. Individual body condition, measured as monthly change in body mass, was not density-dependent. Overall, the strong malebiased sex ratio at very low densities suggests a loss of reproductive potential due to the rarity of females and appears to be the most susceptible demographic factor that could contribute to the prolonged low phase in cyclic brown lemmings. What leads to this sexbias in the first place is still unclear, but indirect evidence suggests that this may be due to a higher vulnerability of nesting females to predation in winter than males.
Alteration in Serum Cystatin-C and SDMA as biomarkers of early renal dysfunction associated with Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME)
Authors: Singh Anubhav , Srivast Mukesh Kumar , Gupta Kapil Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Present study was carried out on 30 dogs, positive for ehrlichiosis in nested PCR. Important clinical symptoms exhibited by the canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) positive dogs were mucosal pallor, epistaxis, ascites, ecchymotic and petechial hemorrhages, corneal opacity, icterus and vomiting. All positive dogs were divided into two group (each containing 15 dogs) for the purpose of providing different therapeutic intervention. Six healthy dogs irrespective of age sex or breed were taken as control for comparison of parameters. Whole blood was collected and serum was separated by using standard protocol and serum cystatin C and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) were estimated by using commercial ELISA kit. There was significant increase in serum cystatin C and serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) in both the treatment groups of dogs in comparison with control. However, there was non-significant decrease in serum cystatin C and SDMA on day 14 post-treatment in both the treatment groups. Total 17 (56.67%) dogs were found to have higher serum cystatin C out of which 10 (33.33%) dogs were also having elevated serum creatinine while remaining 7 (23.33%) dogs were having normal creatinine values. Elevated serum level of SDMA was found in15 (50%) dogs of which 10 (33.33%) were also having concurrent higher creatinine while 5 (16.67%) dogs were have normal creatinine value in spite of having elevated SDMA level. Results indicate the early rise of serum cystatin C and SDMA during renal damage which may considered as better biomarkers for early screening of renal impairment associated with canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME).
WITHDRAWN: Prevalence and factors associated with Perceived stress among the general population in Pakistan during Corona-virus disease 2019
Authors: Lakhdir Maryam Pyar Ali , Peerwani Ghazal , Azam Syed Iqbal , Nathwani Apsara Ali , Iqbal Romaina , Asad Nargis 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has paved the way for psychological crises, especially in resource-limited settings where mental health infrastructure is already crippled. This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with perceived-stress in the Pakistani population during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1679 Pakistani residents who received the study questionnaire's Google form link. A validated tool of perceived-stress scale-10 was used to screen perceived stress levels. Multiple Ordinal Regression was used to identify the factors associated perceived stress and the results are reported as adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The mean score of perceived stress was 19.32 (SD=+6.67). Most of the participants screened positive for moderate (69%) and high levels (14%) of stress, respectively. A significant interaction was seen between generalized-anxiety and the phase of the lockdown. During the complete lockdown, the odds of high-perceived stress among severely anxious participants were 44.67(95% CI: 21.33, 93.53) times than participants with no/minimal generalized anxiety. Moreover, the odds of high levels of perceived-stress among moderately anxious respondents were 15.79(95% CI: 10.19-24.28) times compared to participants with no/minimal anxiety during the smart lockdown. Conclusion: This study evidences that the pandemic was extremely distressing for the Pakistani population causing the maximum level of perceived-stress in more than half of the population. Adequate and timely interventions are needed before high-stress levels culminate into psychological disorders.
Achieving Highly Anisotropic Three-Dimensional, Lightweight, and Versatile Conductive Wood-Graphene Composite
Authors: Wang Li , Zhang Xiao Tao , Wang Xi Ming , Chen Zhang Jing , Ren Yu Kun , Wang Sun Guo , Wang Zhe , Li Li Li , Yu Jian Fang , He Qin , Yao Li Hong , Hao Yi Nan , Ding Li Jun , Li Qi , Duo Hua Qiong , WHITE Marshall 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Functionality of wood has to evolve with time to adapt to the emerging needs in society. In this work, endowing electrical conductivity to the insulating wood by adding graphene into the wood matrix to form a conductive wood-graphene composite (conductive wood) via a facile and environmentally benign fabrication technique. The rationale of fabricating conductive wood is of two folds: (1) The high suitability of wood as a renewable matrix due to its porous network and mechanically robust monolithic structure. (2) The need to explore reasonable strategy to adequately translate the properties of graphene from microscopic level to macroscopic level. The conductive wood is able to preserve both the natural features of wood (to function as mechanical scaffold) and the conductivity of graphene. An outstanding electrical conductivity (volume resistivity of 36.7 Ω·cm) is achieved for the conductive wood, while it can maintain a low bulk density of 0.44 g cm-1. More significantly, the conductive wood demonstrates a highly three-dimensional anisotropic conductivity that makes it a highly versatile conductor in various applications. Hence, this lightweight conductive wood may contribute towards a great electronic revolution and as an encouraging strategy to repurpose the function of wood in this new era.
Role of Modified Diet and Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Endotoxemia in Mice
Authors: Liaqat Iram , Durrani Arjumand Iqbal , Zafar Urooj , Rubab Saima , Faheem Mehwish , Mubin Muhammad , Raza Chand , Aftab Nauman 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of cultured gut microbiota (GM) from obese humans coupled HFD in inducing metabolic endotoxemia in humanized mice. In total, 30 strains were isolated from 10 stool samples of obese patients. Following morphological and biochemical characterization, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of six abundant isolates identified these as Klebsiella aerogenes, Levilactobacillus brevis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis (MZ052089- MZ052094). In vivo trial using above six isolates, known as human gut microbiota (HGM), was performed for six months. Sixteen mice were distributed into four groups i.e., G1 (control) mice fed with chow diet, group 2 (G2) mice with HFD, group 3 (G3) mice with HFD + HGM and group 4 (G4) mice with chow diet + HGM. Body mass index (BMI) and plasma endotoxins were measured pre and post experiment. In vivo study revealed that HFD + HGM caused significant increase (3.9 g/cm at 20 weeks) in the body weight and BMI (0.4g/cm post experiment) of G3 mice compared to the other groups. One way ANOVA showed significantly higher level of endotoxins (2.41, 4.08 and 3.7 mmol/l) in mice groups G2, G3 and G4, respectively, indicating onset of metabolic endotoxemia. Cecal contents of experimental mice groups showed more diversified microbiota in mice groups G1 and G4 compared to G2 and G3 where high fat feeding alone and combined with obese gut microbiota caused a shift in microbial diversity as observed by all five strains belonging to either Firmicutes or Bacteriodetes phyla, respectively. In conclusion, current study reported that minor alteration in GM composition through HFD feeding and cultured GM transfer has significant impact in development of metabolic endotoxemia, possibly via modified intestinal permeability.
All-Cellulose Material Prepared by Zinc Chloride Treatment
Authors: Nemoto Junji , Nakamata Keiichi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Vulcanized fiber is an all-cellulose material made from cotton and/or wood cellulose after zinc chloride treatment. This material was invented in the UK in the mid-19th century and is used because of its excellent characteristics, such as impact resistance and electrical insulation. Recent research revealed that the vulcanized fiber strength can be attributed to the chemically defibrillated cellulose nanofibers. In this report, we describe the history and structural characteristics of vulcanized fibers and introduce a new aspect of zinc chloride treatment.