bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transparent capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer linear
arrays for combined realtime optical and ultrasonic imaging
Authors: Kashani Ilkhechi Afshin , Ceroici Christopher , Dew Eric , Zemp Roger 
Published: February 2021

Transparent ultrasound transducers could enable many novel applications
involving both ultrasonics and optics. Recently, we reported
transparent capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUTs)
and demonstrated through-illumination photoacoustic imaging. This work
presents the feasibility of transparent CMUTs for combined ultrasound
imaging and through-array white-light imaging with a miniature camera
placed behind the array. Transparent CMUT devices are fabricated with
an adhesive wafer bonding technique and provide high transparency up
to 90% in visible wavelengths. Fabricated linear arrays have a central
operating frequency of 9 MHz with 128 active elements. Realtime
plane-wave imaging is performed for ultrasound imaging, and lateral
and axial resolutions of, respectively, 234 and 338 µm are achieved.
Transparent CMUT has demonstrated a high transmit sensitivity of
1.4 kPa/V per channel with a 100 VDC bias voltage. The signal-to-noise
ratio for a beamformed image of wire targets is determined to be
28.4 dB. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of
combined realtime optical and ultrasonic imaging with transparent
arrays. This technology may enable one to visually see what is being
scanned and scan what one sees without co-registration errors. Future
applications could include multi-modality probes for interventional
and surgical procedures.
Open-aperture Z-scan study for absorption saturation: accurate measurement of saturation intensity in YLF:Yb for optical refrigeration
Authors: Volpi Azzurra , Kock Jackson , Albrecht Alexander R. , Hehlen Markus P. , Epstein Richard I. , Sheik-Bahae Mansoor 
Published: February 2021

Knowledge of saturation intensity of gain or absorption plays a fundamental role in a variety of applications ranging from lasers to many nonlinear optical processes. Here, we present an analytical expression for open-aperture Z-scan transmission for accurately measuring the saturation intensity in the low absorbance samples but at arbitrary pump intensities. We exploit this formalism to investigate the absorption saturation of

L
i
Y
F

4

:

Y
b

3
+

(YLF:Yb) in the anti-Stokes excitation region for optical refrigeration at high pump intensities. An absorption saturation intensity of

14.5
±
1

k
W

/

c
m

2

was measured in YLF:Yb at 1020 nm (

E

|

|

c

) at room temperature.
Distributed dynamic strain sensing in coherent Φ-OTDR with a pulse conversion algorithm
Authors: Qian Heng , Luo Bin , He Haijun , Zhou Yin , Zou Xihua , Pan Wei , Yan Lianshan 
Published: February 2021

In this Letter, a chirped-pulse conversion algorithm (CPCA) is proposed
to convert a normal probe pulse into an equivalent chirped probe pulse
by convolving a chirp factor on the received signal in coherent
phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (

Φ

-OTDR). With this algorithm, the
Rayleigh interference pattern (RIP) demodulation once applied to
chirped-pulse

Φ

-OTDR can be adopted to quantify the
dynamic strain in the traditional coherent

Φ

-OTDR. Since the equivalent chirped
pulse is generated by digital processing, complex and costly chirp
modulation is not required. The proposed scheme is capable of fully
quantifying perturbations with spatial resolution of 4 m, a sensing
range of 8 km, frequency response of 5 kHz, and strain resolution of

56

p

ε

/

√

H
z

.
Self-focused attention and safety behaviours maintain social anxiety in adolescents: An experimental study
Authors: Leigh Eleanor , Chiu Kenny , Clark David M. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Self-focused attention and safety behaviours are both associated with adolescent social anxiety. In adults, experimental studies have indicated that the processes are causally implicated in social anxiety, but this hypothesis has not yet been tested in a youth sample.

Methods
This experiment explored this possibility by asking high and low socially anxious adolescents (N = 57) to undertake conversations under different conditions. During one conversation they were instructed to focus on themselves and use safety behaviours, and in the other they focused externally and did not use safety behaviours. Self-report, conversation partner report and independent assessor ratings were taken.

Results
Self-focus and safety behaviours increased feelings and appearance of anxiety and undermined performance for all participants, but only high socially anxious participants reported habitually using self-focus and safety behaviours.

Conclusions
The findings provide support for the causal role of self-focus and safety behaviours in adolescent social anxiety and point to the potential clinical value of techniques reversing them to treat the disorder.
Analisa Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kondisi Kesehatan Menggunakan Algoritma Frequent Pattern Growth
Authors: Evadini Sukma , Nazir Alwis , Pizaini Yusra 
Published: February 2021

Health is an important factor in human life that have to be guarded, both physically and mentally. This study aimed to analyze the factors that affect health condition using medical check up data. Factors analyzed were consuming alcohol, smoking, exercise, age and gender. The method was the association rule using FPGrowth. The result of this study was factors that affect the health condition is alcohol, exercise and age. This result evidenced by the rules A3→K3, which means that if a person consumes more alcohol than 4 days/week with the amount of alcohol is less than 180ml/day, then health condition was poor with 11% support and 67% confidence. E1→K3, which means that if one rarely exercise then health condition was poor with 24% support and 99% confidence. G2→K3, which means that if a person in middle age group, then the condition of health was poor with 24% support and 99% confidence.
SISTEM PENGINGAT PADA GUDANG PT. ALFA BEAUTY COSMETICA MENGGUNAKAN SMS GATEWAY
Authors: Warisman Arey Nur , Salamah Umniy , Jumaryadi Yuwan 
Published: February 2021

The development of technology is very important for humans, especially in the field of storage of goods that become a useful and important thing in the world of warehousing. In this study the authors take a case study at PT. Alfa Beauty Cosmetica who still uses warehouse reports manually. This study aims to facilitate the work of employees of PT. Alfa Beauty Cosmetica. Employees can store in-app items consisting of goods unique code, item name, recording location of goods and recording transactions of goods. Message reminder simulation is if stock will run out using web based Gateway SMS. With stock reminder messages, employees are quicker at updating inventory. This application is expected to accelerate employee work.
Quo Vadis Patent Litigation: Ascendis Animal Health (Pty) Limited v Merck Sharpe Dohme Corporation 2020 1 SA 327 (CC) - In Search of the Bigger Picture on Patent Validity
Authors: Shozi Bonginkosi , Vawda Yousuf 
Published: February 2021

In October 2019 the Constitutional Court (CC) handed down judgment in the matter of Ascendis Animal Health (Pty) Limited v Merck Sharpe Dohme Corporation 2020 1 SA 327 (CC). This is its first judgment dealing with the validity of a patent and, as it concerns issues that go the heart of patent law, the judgment potentially has far-reaching implications for patent litigation in South Africa.
At issue was the question of whether a court's finding of patent validity on one ground in a revocation hearing ought to have a bearing on a subsequent infringement hearing on the same patent, to the extent that the alleged infringer is barred from raising a different ground to attack the validity of a patent. In essence, did the attempt to do so offend the principle of res judicata? This was a direct appeal to the Constitutional Court after the High Court ruled that it did so offend, and the Supreme Court of Appeal refused leave to appeal. The Constitutional Court was deadlocked on this issue, with the result that the decision of the High Court refusing Ascendis' application to amend to introduce a new ground of attack stands, and the res judicata objection was upheld.
The decision raises important questions about the application of the principle of res judicata in such cases where the Patents Act allows dual proceedings for revocation and infringement actions, the meaning of provisions of the Act as they relate to the certification of patent claims, and the broader public interest considerations implicated in patent law adjudication.
This note observes that while the outcome sends a strong signal about the courts' displeasure at attempts to prosecute "repeat litigation", an unsatisfactory outcome is that patents can apparently be validated on the basis of merely one of the mandatory requirements for patent validity as required by the Act. It argues that such an outcome is undesirable and does not serve the public interest. This is because it closes the door to further challenges while potentially thousands of patents, which would not have passed the validity test had they been subjected to substantive examination, remain on the patent register.
Prospective study of 30 cases of temporary ileostomy and their complication
Authors: Chaudhari Manish , Parikh Deval , Aagja Jigar , Wankhede Vedant 
Published: February 2021

Background: An intestinal stoma is an opening of the intestine or urinary tract onto the abdominal wall, constructed surgically or appearing inadvertently. An ileostomy involves exteriorization of the ileum on the abdominal skin. In rare instances, the proximal small bowel may be exteriorised as a jejunostomy. A colostomy is a connection of the colon to the skin of the abdominal wall. Methods: Data of patients, who were undergone for ileostomy construction in New Civil Hospital, Surat were collected prospectively regarding complete history, clinical features on examination, investigations and management. Results: The most common indication of ileostomy formation was ileal perforation in 46.6% patients followed by Intestinal obstruction in 16.6% patients, obstruction with gangrene in 13.3% patients, adhesion in 10% patients. In total of 30 patients loop ileostomy was performed in 17 patients and double barrel ileostomy in 13 patients. Peristomal skin irritation was the most common complication (90%) cases, followed by stomal necrosis/retraction (3.3%). Complications were recorded in all patients out which stomal complication seen in 96% of cases (29 out of 30). Of these peristomal skin excoriation was most common (90%) followed by wound related complications, present in 36.6% cases (11 out of 30 patients).Conclusions: In case of a high complication procedure like ileostomy, it is important to know regarding factors which can be avoided and managed. Knowing these factors which can be avoided or managed. Knowing these factors may help in attributing complications to surgical or technical factors, thereby providing opportunity to correct this error. Prediction of ileostomy complication helps in better management before occurrence of complication. It also helps in conservation of resources and better patient outcome.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR DENGAN MENERAPKAN MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING MELALUI LEARNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BERBASIS MOODLE
Authors: Setyaningsih Neni 
Published: February 2021

<p>Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurang aktifnya peserta didik saat pembelajaran jarak jauh dan kemampuan berpikir kritis yang rendah sehingga menyebabkan hasil belajar peserta didik tidak sesuai target. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan data mengenai peningkatan hasil belajar belajar peserta didik setelah menerapkan model <em>discovery learning</em> melalui <em>Learning Management System</em> berbasis moodle. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan subjek penelitian kepada peserta didik kelas XII IPS 3 di SMAIT Nur Hidayah Sukoharjo sebanyak 26 siswi. Metode yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan desain penelitian menggunakan Kemmis dan Mac. Taggart yang terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan wawancara, observasi, catatan lapangan dan tes. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ketuntasan pra siklus melalui hasil Penilaian Tengah Semester Gasal adalah 46%. Setelah dilakukan tindakan terjadi peningkatan pada siklus I dan siklus II yaitu siklus I (69%) dan siklus II (85%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah dengan menerapkan model <em>discovery learning</em> melalui <em>Learning Management System</em> berbasis moodle dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XII IPS 3 SMAIT Nur Hidayah Sukoharjo.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><em>Kata kunci</em><strong>:</strong> Discovery Learning; Hasil belajar; Learning Management System; Moodle</p>
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING BERBANTUAN MEDIA QUIZIZ UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SOSIOLOGI (LINTAS MINAT) MATERI INTERAKSI SOSIAL BAGI PESERTA DIDIK KELAS X MIPA 4 SMA N 1 BAWANG TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Barokah Siska Laelatul 
Published: February 2021

<p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar sosiologi materi interaksi social kelas X MIPA 4 SMA N 1 Bawang dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran problem based learning berbatuan media quiziz. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan secara daring dengan menggunakan whatsaap,google meet, dan quiziz sebagai media evaluasi. Dilaksanakan sebanyak dua siklus dengan di awali terlebih dahulu dengan siklus pra Tindakan.. Subyek penelitian berjumlah 30 siswa, Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Teknik analisis<strong> </strong>kuantitatif untuk membandingkan peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik. Sedangkan kualitatif dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan proses belajar yang dilakukan guru dan peserta didik saat menggunakan model PBL. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan melalui, observasi, angket, dan tes. Berdasarkan ketuntasan hasil belajar pada siklus 1 dan 2 menunjukkan adanya peningkatan ketuntasan, pada siklus 1 presentase yang tuntas 90% tidak tuntas 10% sedangkan pada siklus 2 terdapat 100% tuntas 0 % tidak tuntas. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut menunjukkan peningkatkan presentase hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran sosiologi dengan model pembelajaran <em>Problem Based learning </em> (PBL) berbantuan media quiziz.</p><p> </p><p><em>Keywords</em><strong>:</strong> (Hasil belajar, Problem based learning, Quiziz)</p><p> </p>
PEMAKNAAN MAHASISWA TERHADAP SIMBOL PANCASILA SEBAGAI IDENTITAS BANGSA
Authors: Kustoyo Nerrisa Erviana Hadianti , Zunariyah Siti 
Published: February 2021

<p>The purpose of this study is to: To find out the meaning of the Pancasila symbol in the souls of students, To find out the practice of Pancasila values on student life, To know students in responding to Pancasila towards the meaning of a nation's identity.This study uses qualitative methods through in-depth interview techniques, and direct observation. Primary data obtained from interviews. The sampling of this study was through purposive sampling.</p>The results of this study are: The meaning of students towards Pancasila based on Max Weber's theory of action can be categorized into rational values (werk rational) which are based on divine values, mutual respect, adab, and humanity, and the value of justice. Besides affective actions based on the love of water and unity, The application of Pancasila into the daily lives of students can be categorized into rational acts of values based on mutual respect and do not differentiate between religious adherents, values unity and value of deliberation to reach consensus; affective actions based on the love of the motherland; instrumental rational actions based on means of respect and tolerance to achieve peace and unity, and means of association, participation in activities in society, Student attitudes towards Pancasila as a nation's identification are categorized into rational acts of value based on values respect for differences, values of togetherness or unity; instrumental rational value actions (zwerk rational) which are based on means of deliberation to reach consensus, the struggle to achieve goals; Affective action that is based on the love of the motherland.
U-Pb and Hf Analyses of Detrital Zircons from Paleozoic and Cretaceous Strata on Vancouver Island, British Columbia: Constraints on the Paleozoic Tectonic Evolution of Southern Wrangellia
Authors: Alberts Daniel , Gehrels George E. , Nelson Joanne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Wrangellia is a late Paleozoic arc terrane that occupies two distinct coastal regions of western Canada and Alaska. The Skolai arc of northern Wrangellia in south-central Alaska and Yukon has been linked to the older, adjacent Alexander terrane by shared Late Devonian rift-related gabbros and also by Late Pennsylvanian postcollisional plutons. Late Devonian to Early Permian Sicker arc rocks of southern Wrangellia are exposed in uplifts on Vancouver Island, southwestern British Columbia, surrounded by younger strata and lacking physical connections to other terranes. Utilizing the detrital zircon record of Paleozoic and Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, we provide insight into the magmatic and depositional evolution of southern Wrangellia and its relationships to both northern Wrangellia and the Alexander terrane. 1422 U-Pb LA-ICPMS analyses from the Fourth Lake Formation (Mississippian–Permian) reveal syndepositional Carboniferous age peaks (344, 339, 336, 331, and 317 Ma), sourced from the Sicker arc of southern Wrangellia. These populations overlap in part known ages of volcanism, but the Middle Mississippian cumulative peak (337 Ma) documents a previously unrecognized magmatic episode. Paleozoic detrital zircons exhibit intermediate to juvenile ƐHft values between +15 and +5, indicating that southern Wrangellia was not strictly built on primitive oceanic crust, but instead on transitional crust with a small evolved component. The Fourth Lake samples yielded 49 grains (3.4% of the total grains analyzed) with ages between 2802 Ma and 442 Ma, and with corresponding ƐHft values ranging from +13 to -20. In age—ƐHft space, these grains fall within the Alexander terrane array. They were probably derived from sedimentary rocks in the basement of the Sicker arc. By analogy with northern Wrangellia, this basement incorporated rifted fragments of the Alexander terrane margin as the combined Sicker-Skolai arc system advanced ocean-ward due to slab rollback in Late Devonian to Early Mississippian time. Ultimately, data from detrital zircons preserved in the Fourth Lake Formation provides significant information allowing for an updated tectonic model of Paleozoic Wrangellia.
IMPLIKASI BEBAN GANDA WANITA INDONESIA TERHADAP HARTA BERSAMA DALAM PERKAWINAN (Studi Kasus di Kampung Songket Kecamatan Indralaya)
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Jaya Agus 
Published: February 2021

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji faktor utama penyebab terjadinya beban ganda pada wanita pekerja di Kampung Songket, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir, Sumatera Selatan. Kajian ini merupakan studi lapangan (field research) dengan pendekatan sosiologi keluarga untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor penyebab beban ganda wanita kampung songket tersebut. Studi ini bersifat eksploratif, data yang dihimpun ditentukan secara purposive sample. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penyebab utama ketidakadilan gender pada wanita kampung songket adalah faktor Kultur Hukum yang dipengaruhi oleh latar belakang keluarga dan budaya masyarakat kampung songket. Adapun faktor lainnya yaitu substansi hukum baik dari pemahaman nash al-Quran dan Sunnah serta materi hukum positif tidak begitu berpengaruh. Sebagai implikasi dari adanya beban ganda ini, posisi wanita kampung songket semakin kuat dalam penetapan harta gono gini sebagaimana diatur dalam pasal 35 ayat (1) UU No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan dan juga diatur dalam Kompilasi Hukum Islam Bab XIII pasal 85 – pasal 97. [This article aims to examine the main factors causing the double burden of working women in Kampung Songket, Indralaya, Ogan Ilir, South Sumatra. This study is a field research with a family sociological approach to examine the factors causing the double burden of the Kampung Songket women. The results of this study indicate that the main cause of gender injustice in Kampung Songket women is the legal culture factor which is influenced by the family background and culture of the Kampung Songket community. The other factors, namely the substance of the law, both from the understanding of the texts of the Koran and Sunnah and positive legal material, are not very influential. As an implication of this double burden, the position of songket village women is getting stronger in determining the assets of gono gini as regulated in Article 35 paragraph (1) of Law no. 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage and is also regulated in the Compilation of Islamic Law Chapter XIII Article 85 - Article 97.]
Landscape genomics of Escherichia coli in livestock-keeping households across a rapidly developing urban city
Authors: Muloi Dishon , Wee Bryan , McClean Deirdre , Ward Melissa , Pankhurst Louise , Phan Hang , Ivens Alasdair , Kivali Velma , Kiyonga Alice , Ndinda Christine , Gitahi Nduhiu , Ouko Tom , Hassell James , Imboma Titus , Akoko James , Karani Maurice , Njoroge Samuel , Muinde Patrick , Nakamura Yukiko , Alumasa Lorren , Furmaga Erin , Kaitho Titus , Öhgren Elin , Amanya Fredrick , Ogendo Allan , Wilson Daniel , Bettridge Judy , Kiiru John , Kyobutungi Catherine , Tacoli Cecilia , Kang'ethe Erastus , Davila Julio , Kariuki Samuel , Robinson Timothy , Rushton Jonathan , Woolhouse Mark , Fèvre Eric 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The keeping of livestock has been posited as a risk factor for the emergence of zoonoses and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. However, quantitative evidence regarding the major sources of pathogenic and drug-resistant bacteria and transmission routes between hosts remains lacking. In the largest epidemiological study of this nature to date, we sampled Escherichia coli from humans, livestock, food, wildlife and the environment of 99 households across Nairobi, Kenya to gain a deeper understanding of sharing of bacteria among hosts and potential reservoirs. By analysing whole genome sequencing data from 1,338 E. coli isolates, we reconstruct sharing patterns for the sampled E. coli and its antimicrobial resistance determinants. We find that the diversity and sharing patterns of E. coli is heavily structured by household, which is the primary epidemiological interface for bacterial strain sharing. Strain sharing within households was strongly shaped by host type. We also find evidence for inter-household and inter-host sharing, and importantly, between humans and animals, although this occurs much less frequently. We find similar strain sharing patterns for the E. coli accessory genome, suggesting that it is shaped by recent evolutionary history and is strongly associated with the core genome. Resistome similarity, however, were quite differently distributed across host and household, consistent with their being driven by shared exposure to antimicrobials. Our results indicate that there is potential for the exchange of bacteria between humans, livestock and wildlife in the same household in a tropical urban setting, with wider mixing occurring over a period of months or years, but this does not drive the distribution of antimicrobial resistance.