bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between Multiple Current Sheets and a Shock Wave: 2D Hybrid Kinetic Simulations
Authors: Nakanotani M. , Zank G. P. , Zhao L.-L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Particle acceleration behind a shock wave due to interactions between magnetic islands in the heliosphere has attracted attention in recent years. The downstream acceleration may yield a continuous increase of particle flux downstream of the shock wave. Although it is not obvious how the downstream magnetic islands are produced, it has been suggested that current sheets are involved in the generation of magnetic islands due to their interaction with a shock wave. We perform 2D hybrid kinetic simulations to investigate the interaction between multiple current sheets and a shock wave. In the simulation, current sheets are compressed by the shock wave and a tearing instability develops at the compressed current sheets downstream of the shock. As the result of this instability, the electromagnetic fields become turbulent and magnetic islands form well downstream of the shock wave. We find a “post-cursor” region in which the downstream flow speed normal to the shock wave in the downstream rest frame is decelerated to ∼ 1V
A immediately behind the shock wave, where V
A is the upstream Alfvén speed. The flow speed then gradually decelerates to 0 accompanied by the development of the tearing instability. We also observe an efficient production of energetic particles above 100 E
0 during the development of the instability some distance downstream of the shock wave, where

E

0

=

m

p

V

A

2

and m

p
is the proton mass. This feature corresponds to Voyager observations showing that the anomalous cosmic-ray intensity increase begins some distance downstream of the heliospheric termination shock.
The HASHTAG Project: The First Submillimeter Images of the Andromeda Galaxy from the Ground
Authors: Smith Matthew W. L. , Eales Stephen A. , Williams Thomas G. , Lee Bumhyun , Li Zongnan , Barmby Pauline , Bureau Martin , Chapman Scott , Cho Brian S. , Chung Aeree , Chung Eun Jung , Chung Hui-Hsuan , Clark Christopher J. R. , Clements David L. , Davis Timothy A. , De Looze Ilse , Eden David J. , Athikkat-Eknath Gayathri , Ford George P. , Gao Yu , Gear Walter , Gomez Haley L. , de Grijs Richard , He Jinhua , Ho Luis C. , Hughes Thomas M. , Jiao Sihan , Li Zhiyuan , Kemper Francisca , Kirchschlager Florian , Koch Eric W. , Kong Albert K. H. , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Lin En-Tzu , Mairs Steve , Michałowski Michał J. , Pattle Kate , Peng Yingjie , Ragan Sarah E. , Rawlings Mark G. , Rigopoulou Dimitra , Saintonge Amelie , Schruba Andreas , Tang Xindi , Wang Junfeng , Whitworth Anthony P. , Wilson Christine D. , Yim Kijeong , Zhu Ming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Observing nearby galaxies with submillimeter telescopes on the ground has two major challenges. First, the brightness is significantly reduced at long submillimeter wavelengths compared to the brightness at the peak of the dust emission. Second, it is necessary to use a high-pass spatial filter to remove atmospheric noise on large angular scales, which has the unwelcome side effect of also removing the galaxy’s large-scale structure. We have developed a technique for producing high-resolution submillimeter images of galaxies of large angular size by using the telescope on the ground to determine the small-scale structure (the large Fourier components) and a space telescope (Herschel or Planck) to determine the large-scale structure (the small Fourier components). Using this technique, we are carrying out the HARP and SCUBA-2 High Resolution Terahertz Andromeda Galaxy Survey (HASHTAG), an international Large Program on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, with one aim being to produce the first high-fidelity high-resolution submillimeter images of Andromeda. In this paper, we describe the survey, the method we have developed for combining the space-based and ground-based data, and we present the first HASHTAG images of Andromeda at 450 and 850 μm. We also have created a method to predict the CO(J = 3–2) line flux across M31, which contaminates the 850 μm band. We find that while normally the contamination is below our sensitivity limit, it can be significant (up to 28%) in a few of the brightest regions of the 10 kpc ring. We therefore also provide images with the predicted line emission removed.
Classical Novae at Radio Wavelengths
Authors: Chomiuk Laura , Linford Justin D. , Aydi Elias , Bannister Keith W. , Krauss Miriam I. , Mioduszewski Amy J. , Mukai Koji , Nelson Thomas J. , Rupen Michael P. , Ryder Stuart D. , Sokoloski Jennifer L. , Sokolovsky Kirill V. , Strader Jay , Filipović Miroslav D. , Finzell Tom , Kawash Adam , Kool Erik C. , Metzger Brian D. , Nyamai Miriam M. , Ribeiro Valério A. R. M. , Roy Nirupam , Urquhart Ryan , Weston Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present radio observations (1–40 GHz) for 36 classical novae, representing data from over five decades compiled from the literature, telescope archives, and our own programs. Our targets display a striking diversity in their optical parameters (e.g., spanning optical fading timescales, t
2 = 1–263 days), and we find a similar diversity in the radio light curves. Using a brightness temperature analysis, we find that radio emission from novae is a mixture of thermal and synchrotron emission, with nonthermal emission observed at earlier times. We identify high brightness temperature emission (T

B
> 5 × 104 K) as an indication of synchrotron emission in at least nine (25%) of the novae. We find a class of synchrotron-dominated novae with mildly evolved companions, exemplified by V5589 Sgr and V392 Per, that appear to be a bridge between classical novae with dwarf companions and symbiotic binaries with giant companions. Four of the novae in our sample have two distinct radio maxima (the first dominated by synchrotron and the later by thermal emission), and in four cases the early synchrotron peak is temporally coincident with a dramatic dip in the optical light curve, hinting at a common site for particle acceleration and dust formation. We publish the light curves in a machine-readable table and encourage the use of these data by the broader community in multiwavelength studies and modeling efforts.
MAVEN Observations of Periodic Low-altitude Plasma Clouds at Mars
Authors: Zhang Chi , Rong Zhaojin , Nilsson Hans , Klinger Lucy , Xu Shaosui , Futaana Yoshifumi , Wei Yong , Zhong Jun , Fränz Markus , Li Kun , Zhang Hui , Fan Kai , Wang Lei , Holmström Mats , Ge Yasong , Cui Jun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ion escape to space through the interaction of solar wind and Mars is an important factor influencing the evolution of the Martian atmosphere. The plasma clouds (explosive bulk plasma escape), considered an important ion escaping channel, have been recently identified by spacecraft observations. However, our knowledge about Martian plasma clouds is lacking. Based on the observations of the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft, we study a sequence of periodic plasma clouds that occurred at low altitudes (∼600 km) on Mars. We find that the heavy ions in these clouds are energy-dispersed and have the same velocity, regardless of species. By tracing such energy-dispersed ions, we find the source of these clouds is located in a low-altitude ionosphere (∼120 km). The average tailward moving flux of ionospheric plasma carried by clouds is on the order of 107 cm−2 s−1, which is one order higher than the average escaping flux for the magnetotail, suggesting explosive ion escape via clouds. Based on the characteristics of clouds, we suggest, similar to the outflow of Earth’s cusp, these clouds might be the product of heating due to solar wind precipitation along the open field lines, which were generated by magnetic reconnection between the interplanetary magnetic field and crustal fields that occurred above the source.
The Antecedents of Psychological Empowerment and Its Impact towards General Physician Job Performance
Authors: Regina Marischa , Henny Santika , Antonio Ferdi 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND: The emergence of new infectious diseases such as SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus Disease 19) creates a burden to the healthcare system especially to the front liners such as medical doctors. The job performance of the general practitioners related to quality of care to SARS-CoV2 patients.
AIM: ​​The purpose of this study is to analyze the antecedents of psychological empowerment towards job performance, mediated by service orientation. These antecedents could be seen in hospital perspectives and professional life.

METHODS: This is a quantitative survey study using a cross-sectional approach. 185 samples purposively obtained from the general practitioners who work at SARS-CoV-2 Reference Private Hospital in Jakarta and surrounding area. Data collection using online questionnaires and analyzed by SmartPLS 3.3.3™ .
RESULTS: There are nine hypotheses that are supported in this research. The strongest predictor of psychological empowerment is the training opportunities, followed by relationships with fellow doctors and autonomy at work. Psychological empowerment has been proven to have a direct impact on job performance, while service orientation has been found as a mediation in this relationship.
CONCLUSION: Psychological empowerment has been proven as an important construct to predict job performance, therefore hospital management has to pay more attention to psychological empowerment for GPs during the pandemic. Training opportunities should be prioritized by the board of directors of the hospitals, they should allocate time and the resources to facilitate the training opportunity.
KEYWORDS: Psychological empowerment, service orientation, job performance, general practitioner, SARS-CoV-2 referral private hospital.
« Dieu vous exaucera en peu de temps » : Pontmain, une apparition en temps de guerre (17 janvier 1871)
Authors: Waché Brigitte 
Published: December 2021

L’apparition mariale de Pontmain (17 janvier 1871) qui s’inscrit dans l’élan de dévotion mariale de la France du xixe siècle a la particularité de se situer à la fin de la guerre franco-prussienne. La concomitance entre les deux événements a nourri une tradition attribuant le repli prussien à l’intercession de la Vierge Marie. Après avoir rappelé l’événement de Pontmain (Mayenne), la communication montre dans quelle mesure ses liens avec le conflit ont d’abord donné une connotation nationale, voire nationaliste, au pèlerinage à l’origine duquel il a été. Cette tendance s’est estompée à partir de la fin des années 1930, notamment dans la période postérieure au concile Vatican II, au profit d’un approfondissement du message spirituel de Pontmain.
Que reste-t-il de 1870-1871 en 1920-1921 ? Le cinquantenaire de « l’année terrible » dans la presse bretonne
Authors: Le Gall Erwan 
Published: December 2021

Dans son édition du 11 janvier 1920, le quotidien catholique rennais L’Ouest-Éclair rappelle que « depuis hier, 10 janvier 1920, 4 heures de l’après-midi, nous sommes en paix avec l’Allemagne ». D’un traité de Versailles à un autre, se referme donc un chapitre qui a débuté lors de l’été 1870 par une entrée en guerre précipitée par l’affaire de la dépêche d’Ems. Alors que le traumatisme né des tranchées de 1914-1918 constitue une plaie béante, on pourrait croire que cette mémoire de « l’Année terrible » est écrasée par le sacrifice tout récent de centaines de milliers d’hommes au cours de celle que l’on affirme être la « der des der ». Mais la presse bretonne montre que la réalité est plus complexe : le « poilu » n’a pas complètement effacé le « moblot », ne serait-ce parce que les vétérans de 1870 sont encore nombreux. Par ailleurs, la dimension politique de la séquence 1870-1871, de la proclamation de la République à la Commune de Paris, confère une certaine actualité à cette séquence chronologique. D’ailleurs, le 11 novembre 1920 est tout autant le deuxième anniversaire de l’Armistice que le cinquantième du 4 septembre 1870.
La carrière cancéreuse des enfants malades
Authors: Lecompte Hélène 
Published: December 2021

Lorsque les enfants sont atteints d’un cancer, ils sont retirés durablement de leurs espaces sociaux habituels pour être soignés à l’hôpital, lieu dans lequel ils vivent et font de nouveaux apprentissages. Comment devient-on un enfant atteint de cancer ? Comment devient-on un enfant « guéri » ? Quel est le travail de transformation de soi entrepris par et dans l’hôpital et quelles sont les dispositions durablement acquises ? À partir d’une recherche ethnographique, cet article analyse l’expérience des enfants, des premiers symptômes à la vie après le cancer, en mobilisant le concept de carrière. Il décrit la carrière cancéreuse de l’enfant et ses différentes phases : l’entrée dans la carrière, la manière dont les enfants y sont engagés, la vie dans l’institution hospitalière et le maintien dans la carrière malgré la fin des traitements. En saisissant le processus, des premiers symptômes à l’après-cancer, nous analysons aussi comment l’expérience du cancer et de l’hôpital participe à la construction identitaire des anciens enfants malades.
Écrans, médiations et authenticité dans le concert pop : deux cas d’étude
Authors: Sarno Giulia 
Published: December 2021

En recourant à des méthodologies d’analyse qualitative de contenu, l’essai examine certaines implications de l’utilisation de projections vidéo dans le concert de musique populaire avec deux études de cas : celui de Kraftwerk, qui développe un « double » visant à déshumaniser la performance, en phase avec la célébration de la machine et de l’androïde, cruciale dans leur esthétique ; et celui de Gorillaz, un groupe virtuel composé de personnages animés agissant sur des écrans ou comme des hologrammes, tandis que les musiciens « réel » restent cachés. Dans les deux cas, des choix spécifiques dans l’utilisation des vidéoprojections affectent le statut ontologique de l’auteur/performer, déclenchant une réflexion sur la nature de la performance musicale et problématisant les concepts de liveness et d’authenticité.
NRP Versus PALS for Infants Outside the Delivery Room: Not If, but When?
Authors: Doroba Jaime Esbensen 
Published: December 2021

Background
Both the Neonatal Resuscitation Program and Pediatric Advanced Life Support guidelines can be used for infants requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation outside the delivery room. Each set of guidelines has supporting algorithms for resuscitation; however, there are no current recommendations for transitioning older infants outside the delivery room.

Objective
To provide background information on the algorithms in the Neonatal Resuscitation Program and Pediatric Advanced Life Support guidelines and to discuss the role that nurses and advanced practice nurses play in advancing scientific research on resuscitation.

Content Covered
Summaries of both sets of guidelines, differences in practices, and recommendations for practice changes will be discussed.

Discussion
Provider preference and unit practice determine which guidelines are used for infants outside the delivery room. Providers in pediatric intensive care units and pediatric cardiac intensive care units often use the Pediatric Advanced Life Support guidelines, whereas providers in neonatal intensive care units use the Neonatal Resuscitation Program guidelines for infants of the same age. The variation in resuscitation practices for infants outside the delivery room can negatively affect resuscitation outcomes.
Comparison of cuff inflation method with curvature control modification in thermosoftened endotracheal tubes during nasotracheal intubation – A prospective randomised controlled study
Authors: HT Prashant , Kerai Sukhyanti , Saxena Kirti Nath , Wadhwa Bharti , Gaba Prachi 
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims:
Thermosoftening of endotracheal tube (ETT) is a simple method which reduces risk of epistaxis during nasotracheal intubation (NTI). This method, however, decreases the stiffness of ETT and necessitates frequent manipulation with Magill forceps. Cuff inflation technique has been found effective for navigating ETTs during NTI. Another method is using an ETT, modified with a silk thread which can be used to control its curvature. We conducted the present study to compare the ease of navigation of thermosoftened ETT using curvature control modificationwiththe cuff inflation technique.

Methods:
Depending on the method used for navigating thermosoftened ETT to glottis, 70 patients undergoing general anaesthesia with NTI were randomly divided into two groups. The primary outcome was ease of navigation of thermosoftened ETT. Secondary outcomes were time taken for moving tube from oropharynx to glottis and incidence of epistaxis during NTI.

Results:
Both techniques resulted in successful navigation of thermosoftened ETT in all patients with majority of cases resulting in smooth engagement to glottic inlet. The difference in ease of navigation between the groups was 7% [95% CI (−9.21% to 23.28%)] and it was not found to be statistically significant (P = 0.395). Cuff inflation method resulted in faster alignment to glottis compared to use of modified tube (12. 39 ± 7 Vs 18.73 ± 11.5 sec; P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
For thermosoftened ETT, both cuff inflation method and the technique of curvature controlled modified ETT can be used for navigation of tube to glottis with ease.
Use of a non-invasive biomarker salivary alpha-amylase to assess the role of probiotics in sleep regulation and stress attenuation in surgical patients
Authors: Kurdi Madhuri S , Ramaswamy Ashwini H , Kumar L Ajay , Choukimath Sharanabasava M , Jangi Aabidhussain A 
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims:
The influence of gut microbiota on human behaviour, stress and sleep is currently a novel topic of research. A prospective double-blind randomised trial was planned to find out whether probiotics by alteration of the gut microbiome can allay surgery-related stress and improve sleep.

Methods:
A total of 160 elective surgical patients were randomised to receive either probiotic or placebo capsule twice daily for four and a half consecutive preoperative days. They were subjected to the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaire, a psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) and estimation of salivary alpha-amylase (SAA), a well-known biomarker of stress on the evening of admission and on the evening just before the day of scheduled surgery. Data were analysed using Chi-square test, Student's t-test and Mann–Whitney test.

Results:
On comparing between the two groups, there was a significant difference in PSS scores, SAA levels and PVT scores after probiotic/placebo therapy. There was a decrease in the PSS scores by 11.38% (P < 0.05) and SAA levels by 11.38% (P < 0.05) and an increase in the PVT scores (12.13%, P < 0.05) following probiotic treatment.There was a mean difference of 52.85 in SAA levels in probiotic group and − 69.32 in placebo group with a definite fall in SAA levels in probiotic group, which showed that these patients had reduced stress levels and improved psychomotor vigilance implying improved sleep.

Conclusion:
Gut microbiome alteration with probiotics results in lowering of psychological stress and sleep improvement in the preoperative period in surgical patients.
The Role of c-myc and Adiponectin Receptors in Prostate Cancer Metastases
Authors: Safriadi Ferry , Sugandi Sugandi , Umbas Rainy , Hernowo Bethy Suryawati 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
This study aims to analyze the relationship between c-myc and adiponectin receptor expressions to prostate cancer staging and prove the role of c-myc and adiponectin receptors as risk factors of metastatic prostate cancer.

Materials and Methods:
This was a comparative study. The study sample consisted of 35 cases of metastatic prostate cancer and 35 cases of organ-confined prostate cancer. c-myc and adiponectin receptor expressions were examined by using immunohistochemistry and histoscore assessment with the cutoff point of 4. Chi-square and Mann–Whitney U-test were used to assess differences in c-myc and adiponectin receptor expressions. Stratification test and multiple logistic regressions were used to assess the correlation between the variables.

Results:
There were significant differences of c-myc expression (P = 0.000; odds ratio [OR]: 67.16 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.820–180.50]) and adiponectin receptor expression (P = 0.001; OR: 6.0 [95% CI: 2.1–17.5]) between the two groups. The stratification test revealed that when c-myc and adiponectin receptor expressions were positive, the OR was 7.50 (95% CI: 1.827–30.783).

Conclusion:
c-myc and adiponectin receptors play an essential role in prostate cancer metastases. Positivity of both parameters will increase the probability of metastases.
Knowledge, Attitude, Confidence, and Barriers in the Practice of Erectile Dysfunction Screening among Primary Health-Care Providers in Taiping Perak, Malaysia
Authors: Tay Chai Li , Abdul Razak Abdul Rahim Bin , Tan Chun Khui , Tan Min Zin 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common health problem and has clinical importance. it is well documented that ED is associated with coronary heart disease. However, the practice of ED screening is poor in primary care settings.

Objectives:
To assess primary health-care providers' knowledge and attitude toward ED and to determine the confidence and barriers in the screening of ED.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires was conducted at 11 government health clinics in Taiping Perak in 2018 involving all health-care providers who run the outpatient and noncommunicable disease unit. SPSS (version 25) statistical package was used to analyze the data. Mann–Whitney U-test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and Chi-square test were employed.

Results:
A total of 77 primary health-care providers participated in this study. The median age of the participants was 31 years (interquartile range 7). A total of 38 (49.4%) participants scored above the median knowledge. Participants who were doctors, users of clinical practice guide in ED, confident in ED screening, and perceived adequate training scored higher in knowledge (P ≤ 0.05). Smoking as a cause of ED (98.7%) recorded the highest percentage of correct responses, whereas the prevalence of ED (18.2%) recorded the lowest. All participants perceived ED as an important health issue and felt that proper treatment is required. Only 16 (20.8%) participants had confidence in ED screening practice. Lack of training in ED screening and assessment was the barrier that significantly affects the confidence of practice (P = 0.012).

Conclusion:
The knowledge on ED and confidence in its screening were unsatisfactory among the primary health-care providers. Our work suggests the requirement to equip health-care professionals with adequate training on ED screening, assessment, and management for early prevention of cardiovascular disease and improvement of men's quality of life.