bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Claisen‐Schmidt Condensation and Domino Claisen‐Schmidt Condensation ‐ Michael Addition of 16‐Formyl Steroids in the Presence of Switchable Polarity Solvents
Authors: Ispán Dávid , Varga Bence , Balogh Szabolcs , Zsirka Balázs , Gömöry Ágnes , Skoda‐Földes Rita 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSwitchable polarity solvents (reversible ionic liquids) have been used to replace conventional catalysts and solvents in Claisen‐Schmidt condensation reactions of 16‐formyl steroids and aromatic ketones. The primarily formed α,β‐unsaturated ketones may undergo a Michael addition with the aromatic ketone reaction partner. By the proper choice of the reaction conditions, either the α,β‐unsaturated ketone or the products of the domino Claisen‐Schmidt condensation ‐ Michael addition could be obtained with good selectivity. The catalyst could successfully be recovered and reused. The steroidal products with androstane and estrane skeleton were characterized by different spectroscopic methods (NMR, IR, MS).
Synthesis and Application of (S)‐Nicotine‐Based Chiral Ionic Liquids in Enantiomeric Recognition by Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Kaur Nirmaljeet , Rahim Junaid Ur , Rai Rajkishore , Chopra Harish Kumar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present report discusses the synthesis, characterization and application of novel chiral ionic liquids (CILs) derived from an enantiopure alkaloid (S)‐nicotine. The synthesis of the CILs was initiated by the preparation of (−)‐bornyl chloroacetate from (−)‐borneol and monochloroacetic acid and then used for the quaternization of (S)‐nicotine. The derivatives of the parent CIL were obtained via anion‐metathesis reactions with sodium salts of dicyanamide and dioctyl sulfosuccinate. The synthesis of the respective compounds was confirmed through NMR (1H,13C) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and FTIR. The thermal stability and optical activity of the CILs were analysed through TGA, DTG and polarimetry. All the CILs obtained were liquid at room temperature and exhibited thermal stability up to 150 °C. The potential of chiral ionic liquids as enantiomeric recognizing agents for six amino acids (phenylalanine, proline, valine, alanine, leucine, histidine) was determined through fluorescence spectroscopy. CILs performed well against enantiomers of all amino‐acid with maximum selectivity 1.22 (phenylalanine) and fluorescence enhancement 24.90 : 23.79 (ID/Io : IL/Io) for enantiomers of leucine.
Recent Anti‐angiogenic Drug Discovery Efforts To Combat Cancer
Authors: Upadhyay Neha , Tilekar Kalpana , Safuan Sabreena , Kumar Alan P. , Stalin Jimmy , Ruegg Curzio , Ramaa C S  
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe process of angiogenesis promotes tumor growth and metastatic spreading and angiogenesis inhibition has therapeutic efficacy in many preclinical models. The discovery of pathways mediating tumor angiogenesis, in particular VEGFs and their receptors, paved the way to the development of anti‐angiogenic drugs to translate into clinic as anti‐cancer agents. However, dozens of anti‐angiogenic drugs have been approved and routinely used under clinical practice. However, with the compelling preclinical evidence demonstrating anti‐cancer activity, therapeutic benefits in patients remained modest. Recent progress in understanding the biology of tumor angiogenesis and their molecular mechanisms opened a new prospect for improving therapeutic strategies. An emergent approach to improve efficacy and avoid resistance is to hit multiple angiogenesis pathways and or administration in combination with other anticancer agents. In this review, we have highlighted some of the emerging aspects and discussed new antiangiogenic drug discovery in the past five years.
Image Encoding Using Multi‐Level DNA Barcodes with Nanopore Readout
Authors: Zhu Jinbo , Ermann Niklas , Chen Kaikai , Keyser Ulrich F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDeoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanostructure‐based data encoding is an emerging information storage mode, offering rewritable, editable, and secure data storage. Herein, a DNA nanostructure‐based storage method established on a solid‐state nanopore sensing platform to save and encrypt a 2D grayscale image is proposed. DNA multi‐way junctions of different sizes are attached to a double strand of DNA carriers, resulting in distinct levels of current blockades when passing through a glass nanopore with diameters around 14 nm. The resulting quaternary encoding doubles the capacity relative to a classical binary system. Through toehold‐mediated strand displacement reactions, the DNA nanostructures can be precisely added to and removed from the DNA carrier. By encoding the image into 16 DNA carriers using the quaternary barcodes and reading them in one simultaneous measurement, the image is successfully saved, encrypted, and recovered. Avoiding any proteins or enzymatic reactions, the authors thus realize a pure DNA storage system on a nanopore platform with increased capacity and programmability.
3D‐Printed, High‐Porosity, High‐Strength Graphite Aerogel
Authors: Liu Dapeng , Chen Chaoji , Zhou Yubing , Bao Yinhua , Wang Ruiliu , Liu Yu , He Shuaiming , Huang Hao , Zhang Clark , Foster Bob , Li Teng , Hu Liangbing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe global demand for plastic foam materials is enormous (annual worth of ≈$341.3 billion) and still surging with an annual growth rate of 4.8%, driven by increasing modern societal needs. The majority of existing foam materials are made of plastics, which take hundreds of years to degrade, leading to severe global pollution issues. Here, a degradable, recyclable, and cost‐effective solution to foam materials based on 3D graphite‐cellulose nanofibers (G‐CNF) foam fabricated from resource‐abundant graphite and cellulose via advanced 3D printing is reported. The CNFs can directly disperse the graphite under physical sonication without the need for any chemical reactions. The interaction of the CNFs with graphite through the function of hydrophilic and hydrophobic faces in CNFs renders the dispersion polymer‐like rheological properties and good processability with tunable viscosity for 3D printing. A robust, degradable, and recyclable G‐CNF foam with designed shapes can be printed in a large scale, demonstrating higher mechanical strength (3.72 MPa versus 0.28 MPa in tensile strength and 2.34 MPa versus 1.11 MPa in compressive stiffness), better fire resistance, degradability, and recyclability than commercial polystyrene foam material. The demonstrated G‐CNF foam can potentially replace the commercial plastic foam materials, representing a sustainable solution toward white pollution.
Heterogeneous Interface Design for Enhanced Sodium Storage: Sb Quantum Dots Confined by Functional Carbon
Authors: Qiu Tianyun , Yang Li , Xiang Yinger , Ye Yu , Zou Guoqiang , Hou Hongshuai , Ji Xiaobo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAntimony (Sb) is considered a promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries due to its high specific capacity and moderate working potential. However, the non‐negligible volume variation leads to the rapid decay of capacity, which hinders the practical application of Sb anode materials. Here, an economical and scalable route with high yield is proposed to obtain Sb ultrafine nanocrystals embedded in a porous carbon skeleton. Notably, the synergetic effect of the heterogeneous structure is maximized by inducing the interfacial coupling SbOC and creating buffering space for the volume effect of Sb. The high‐entropy phase interface creates the doping site breaking the periodicity of atoms and alters the electronic structure, also bridging the slip of intergranular defects. Thus, the electronic conductivity and phase interface structural stability are reinforced. The mechanism of accelerating electron migration at the heterogeneous phase interface is visualized through the density functional theory method, and the mass/charge‐transfer kinetics is analyzed via the calculation of surface‐induced capacitive contribution.
Perspectives of business process ethics in data‐driven marketing management
Authors: Shamsuzzoha Ahm , Raappana Heli 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn today's digitalized world, people leave trails of data about themselves when operating online. While marketers are eagerly utilizing this data for marketing insights, many consumers have a growing fear of their personal data ending up in the wrong hands and losing their privacy. The aim of this study was to understand the role of ethics in current marketing based on consumer data and to examine how data could be used ethically in marketing. The empirical research was conducted by analyzing secondary data from a 2018 survey about the use of digital services in Europe. The main conclusions that can be drawn from study findings are that the need for ethics is even more apparent in marketing than ever before, because of the broad access to personal data. Giving the consumers the ability to opt‐out from data use and data selling without it affecting the use of services can create an enormous competitive advantage for organizations in the future.
Nonenzymatic, Template‐Free Polymerization of 3’,5’ Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate on Mineral Surfaces
Authors: Šponer Judit E. , Šponer Jiří , Výravský Jakub , Šedo Ondrej , Zdráhal Zbyněk , Costanzo Giovanna , Di Mauro Ernesto , Wunnava Sreekar , Braun Dieter , Matyášek Roman , Kovařík Aleš 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrevious studies on the polymerization of 3’,5’ cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) demonstrated the potential of the compound in the abiotic generation of the first oligonucleotide sequences on the early Earth. These experiments were conducted under idealized laboratory conditions, which logically raises the question whether the same chemistry could take place in the harsh environment present on our planet in its earliest days. In the current study, we focus on the mineralogical context of this chemistry and show that numerous, but not all, common minerals assumed to be present on the early Earth could host the polymerization of H‐form 3’,5’ cGMP. In particular, we have found that quartz varieties are especially suitable for this purpose, similar to andalusite, amphibole or micas. On the contrary, olivine, calcite, and serpentine‐group minerals interfere with the studied polymerization chemistry. Our results show that crystallization on mineral surfaces, which is mainly a diffusion controlled process, determines the ability of 3’,5’ cGMP to polymerize. The observation that numerous amorphous and crystalline SiO2 forms are compatible with the oligomerization chemistry suggests that the process could commonly occur in a wide range of primordial environments allowing for crystallization of the cyclic monomers from a dropping solution.
Organo‐Cobalt Complexes in Reversible‐Deactivation Radical Polymerization
Authors: Benchaphanthawee Wachara , Peng Chi‐How 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCobalt complexes have played an essential role in different chemical reactions. One of them that has attracted substantial attention in polymer science is cobalt mediated radical polymerization (CMRP), which is famous for its remarkable efficiency in controlling the radical polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc) and other less active monomers (LAMs). Two pathways, reversible termination (RT) and degenerative transfer (DT), were recognized to control the polymerization in CMRP and could be further used to rationalize the mechanism of other RDRP methods. These control mechanisms were then found to be correlated to the redox potential of cobalt complexes and thus could be judged more quantitatively. The control of polymer composition and tacticity could also be achieved by using CMRP. The hybridization of CMRP and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) could directly synthesize the vinyl acetate/methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate/styrene block copolymers in one pot. The copolymer of acrylates and 1‐octene could be obtained by visible‐light‐induced CMRP. With the addition of bulky Lewis acid, CMRP of N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA) showed high isotacticities with the contents of meso dyads (m) and meso triads (mm) up to 94 % and 87 %, respectively, and generated the crystalline PDMA with Tm as high as 276 °C. This personal account reviewed the development of CMRP with the mechanistic understanding, the control of composition and stereoselectivity of the polymeric products, and its perspective.
Present Status and Future Prospects of Jute in Nanotechnology: A Review
Authors: Shah Syed Shaheen , Shaikh M. Nasiruzzaman , Khan Mohd Yusuf , Alfasane Md. Almujaddade , Rahman Mohammad Mizanur , Aziz Md. Abdul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNanotechnology has transformed the world with its diverse applications, ranging from industrial developments to impacting our daily lives. It has multiple applications throughout financial sectors and enables the development of facilitating scientific endeavors with extensive commercial potentials. Nanomaterials, especially the ones which have shown biomedical and other health‐related properties, have added new dimensions to the field of nanotechnology. Recently, the use of bioresources in nanotechnology has gained significant attention from the scientific community due to its 100 % eco‐friendly features, availability, and low costs. In this context, jute offers a considerable potential. Globally, its plant produces the second most common natural cellulose fibers and a large amount of jute sticks as a byproduct. The main chemical compositions of jute fibers and sticks, which have a trace amount of ash content, are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. This makes jute as an ideal source of pure nanocellulose, nano‐lignin, and nanocarbon preparation. It has also been used as a source in the evolution of nanomaterials used in various applications. In addition, hemicellulose and lignin, which are extractable from jute fibers and sticks, could be utilized as a reductant/stabilizer for preparing other nanomaterials. This review highlights the status and prospects of jute in nanotechnology. Different research areas in which jute can be applied, such as in nanocellulose preparation, as scaffolds for other nanomaterials, catalysis, carbon preparation, life sciences, coatings, polymers, energy storage, drug delivery, fertilizer delivery, electrochemistry, reductant, and stabilizer for synthesizing other nanomaterials, petroleum industry, paper industry, polymeric nanocomposites, sensors, coatings, and electronics, have been summarized in detail. We hope that these prospects will serve as a precursor of jute‐based nanotechnology research in the future.
Engaging students with team‐based learning in courses taught at two campuses synchronously: Two case studies in health sciences
Authors: Bender Holly S. , Garrett Kennon M. , Hostetter Shannon Jones 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis chapter describes two case studies that highlight how courses can be taught simultaneously in classrooms across partnering university campuses using the effective, evidence‐based team‐based learning (TBL) method. The objective is to assist faculty in effectively using TBL in a synchronous virtual collaborative space.
Application of the gamma‐interferon assay to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in slaughter livestock at abattoirs in Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Mareledwane Vuyokazi E. , Adesiyun Abiodun A. , Thompson Peter N. , Hlokwe Tiny M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundBovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic disease with great economic impact estimated at billions of dollars annually worldwide. Meat inspection represents a long‐standing form of disease surveillance that serves both food safety and animal health. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of bTB in livestock at abattoirs using a cell‐mediated immune (CMI) assay, the gamma interferon (IFN‐γ) assay. This cross‐sectional study was conducted at selected abattoirs (low‐throughput, high‐throughput and rural/informal) in Gauteng province, where animals were also subjected to routine meat inspection.ResultsA total of 410 fresh blood samples were collected from slaughter livestock (369 cattle and 41 sheep) from 15 abattoirs, and analysed using Bovigam® test kit with bovine, avian and Fortuitum purified protein derivatives (PPD) as blood stimulating antigens. The estimated prevalence of bTB in cattle was 4.4% (95% CI: 2.4%–7.3%). The prevalence of bTB in cattle varied between abattoirs (p = .005), ranging from 0% to 23%; however, there were no significant differences among genders, breeds, municipality, districts, origins of animals (feedlot, auction or farm) or throughput of abattoirs. The prevalence of avian reactors was 6.0% (95% CI: 3.6%–9.2%) in cattle, varying between abattoirs (p = .004) and ranging from 0% to 20.7%. None of the sheep with valid test results was positive for bTB and none was avian reactors (95% CI: 0%–15%).ConclusionThe detection of bTB reactor cattle in our study clearly shows the limitation of disease surveillance using a meat inspection approach, as all the 410 slaughter animals sampled had passed visual abattoir inspection and been classified as bTB‐free. Our findings therefore emphasize the risk of zoonotic transmission of bTB to abattoir workers and potential food safety hazard to consumers. Furthermore, our study highlights the potential for the use of the IFN‐γ assay to reduce this risk.
Integration schemes for hybrid and polygeneration concentrated solar power plants
Authors: Cardemil José M. , Starke Allan R. , Zurita Adriana , Mata‐Torres Carlos , Escobar Rodrigo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConcentrated solar power (CSP) technologies have been developed over the past four decades for commercial operation, establishing them as reliable power generation sources in regions with high direct solar irradiance. The sizing of the solar field, thermal energy storage systems, and power block enables CSP plants to operate under various operating conditions, while also exhibiting capabilities to generate multiple products such as electricity, heat, desalination, and cooling. The limitations of CSP systems can be reduced by utilizing the positive traits of other technologies, thus resulting in hybrid plant configurations that can fully exploit different technology strengths while minimizing their individual weaknesses. This review presents the state of the art on CSP stand‐alone plants for both power generation and combined generation of different products. Subsequently, the characteristics of CSP plants hybridized with photovoltaics, wind, fossil fuels, and biomass systems are discussed for both power multiple‐product generation. The review of assessment methodologies provides suggestions for both assessment and performance analysis and comparison with other generation technologies. This review shows that hybrid CSP plants have clear advantages in terms of cost, flexibility of operation, adaptability, and capability for the multigeneration of different products compared with stand‐alone plants used to generate each product individually. Hybrid CSP plants have advantages and can be designed to satisfy multiple demands on a case‐by‐case basis and are valid alternatives to combinations of stand‐alone plants.This article is categorized under:
Concentrating Solar Power > Systems and Infrastructure
High-energy operator product expansion at sub-eikonal level
Authors: Chirilli Giovanni Antonio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The high energy Operator Product Expansion for the product of two electromagnetic currents is extended to the sub-eikonal level in a rigorous way. I calculate the impact factors for polarized and unpolarized structure functions, define new distribution functions, and derive the evolution equations for unpolarized and polarized structure functions in the flavor singlet and non-singlet case.
An update on the two singlet dark matter model
Authors: Basak Tanushree , Coleppa Baradhwaj , Loho Kousik 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We revisit the two real singlet extension of the Standard Model with a $$ {Z}_2\times {Z}_2^{\prime } $$

Z
2

×

Z
2
′

symmetry. One of the singlet scalars S2, by virtue of an unbroken $$ {Z}_2^{\prime } $$

Z
2
′

symmetry, plays the role of a stable dark matter candidate. The other scalar S1, with spontaneously broken Z2-symmetry, mixes with the SM Higgs boson and acts as the scalar mediator. We analyze the model by putting in the entire set of theoretical and recent experimental constraints. The latest bounds from direct detection Xenon1T experiment severely restricts the allowed region of parameter space of couplings. To ensure the dark matter satisfies the relic abundance criterion, we rely on the Breit-Wigner enhanced annihilation cross-section. Further, we study the viability of explaining the observed gamma-ray excess in the galactic center in this model with a dark matter of mass in the ∼ 36 − 51 GeV window and present our conclusions.
Ergebnisse des Limberg-Plastik-Verfahrens bei akuten und chronischen Pilonidalabszessen
Authors: Driouch Jamal , Braumann C. , Dehnst J. , Ikram M. , Alnammous G. , Bausch D. , Glatz T. 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In der Behandlung des Sinus pilonidalis werden unterschiedliche Therapiealgorithmen für den akuten sowie den chronischen Sinus pilonidalis empfohlen. Während sich beim chronischen Sinus pilonidalis ein einzeitiges Vorgehen als Exzision oder plastische Rekonstruktion nach Limberg oder Karydakis anbietet, ist die empfohlene Vorgehensweise beim akuten Pilonidalabszess zweizeitig. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Ergebnisse der einzeitigen Operation mit Limberg-Plastik bei akutem Pilonidalabszess und chronischem Sinus pilonidalis bezogen auf Rezidive, Wundheilungsstörungen, stationärer Liegedauer sowie Patientenzufriedenheit zu vergleichen.

Methoden
Von 2009 bis 2014 wurden 39 Patienten in die prospektive Beobachtungsstudie eingeschlossen. 21 Patienten mit akutem Pilonidalabszess, 18 mit chronischem Sinus pilonidalis. Alle Patienten wurden einzeitig mittels Limberg-Rautenplastik operativ behandelt. Die Gruppen wurden in Bezug auf postoperative Komplikationsrate und Rezidivhäufigkeit miteinander verglichen.

Ergebnisse
Beide Gruppen waren im Wesentlichen vergleichbar. Die Analyse der postoperativen Ergebnisse zeigte eine vergleichbare Rate an Wundheilungsstörungen (10 % vs. 17 %, p = 0,647). In der Gruppe des akut abszedierten Sinus trat kein Rezidiv im Beobachtungszeitraum auf, während sich in der chronischen Gruppe 2 (11 %) Rezidive zeigten (p = 0,206).

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse der Limberg-Plastik als einzeitige Therapie des Pilonidalabszesses sind mit denen beim chronischen Sinus pilonidalis vergleichbar. Es zeigt sich ein Trend zu einem geringeren Rezidivrisiko. Der Einsatz der Limberg-Plastik scheint daher auch in der akuten Infektsituation eine adäquate Therapieoption.