bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osseointegrated implant survival, success and prosthodontic outcomes in composite free flaps: A 10‐year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Khadembaschi Darius , Russell Peter , Beech Nicholas , Batstone Martin D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate implant survival, success and prosthodontic outcomes in a variety of composite free flaps.Material and methodsA retrospective analysis of patient records was used for data collection of implants placed into flaps. Free flap donor sites included fibula, iliac crest, scapula, medial femoral condyle and radial forearm. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to estimate survival. Cox regression was used to assess variables affecting survival, and binary logistic regression was utilised to determine effect of variables on prosthodontic outcomes.ResultsThere were 150 implants placed into 45 fibula, 98 implants into 29 iliac crest, 62 implants into 22 scapula, 6 implants into 3 medial femoral condyle and 2 implants in radial forearm composite free flaps. There was no difference in survival or success between or within the various flaps. Active smoking, increasing age, male gender and radiotherapy were associated with implant failure. Of patients completing prosthodontic rehabilitation, 93% were successful. There was no difference in likelihood of failure between different flap types. Fixed implant‐supported dentures were associated with poor oral hygiene compared with removable designs (OR2.9, 95%CI 1.1–7.8, p = .03).ConclusionsThere is adequate survival and success of implants in common flaps. Caution is required when planning implants in patients exposed to radiotherapy and smokers. Ability to maintain adequate oral hygiene is an important prosthetic design consideration.
Peri‐implant and esthetic outcomes of cemented and screw‐retained crowns using zirconia abutments in single implant‐supported restorations—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dini Caroline , Borges Guilherme Almeida , Costa Raphael Cavalcante , Magno Marcela Baraúna , Maia Lucianne Cople , Barão Valentim Adelino Ricardo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the peri‐implant tissue changes and esthetic outcomes of cemented and screw‐retained crowns of single‐tooth implants in the esthetic zone using zirconia abutments.Material and methodsAn electronic search was performed on nine databases. The risk‐of‐bias was assessed by the revised Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomized (RoB 2) and non‐randomized (ROBINS‐I) clinical trials. Marginal bone level change, soft tissue thickness, bleeding on probing, probing depth, survival rates of implants and crowns, complications, plaque and papilla indexes, and pink esthetic score data were extracted and analyzed. The certainty of evidence was accessed through the GRADE approach.ResultsNine records were included and 7 were used in the meta‐analyses. Screw‐retained crowns presented greater marginal bone level change (MD −0.04 [−0.08, −0.00] p = 0.04, I2 = 0%) compared to cemented crowns up to 1‐year. At 3 and 4 years no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed. Soft tissue thickness did not differ between groups (p > 0.05). The bleeding on probing was higher in cemented group than in screw‐retained crowns at 1‐year (MD 0.17 [0.08, 0.27] p = 0.0005, I2 = 0%), at medium‐term periods (3 and 4 years) no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed for this outcome. Probing depth, survival rates of implants and crowns, complications, and plaque index, as well as esthetic analysis using the papilla index and pink esthetic score did not differ statistically (p > 0.05) between both retention systems at short and medium‐term periods.ConclusionThe connection system considering zirconia abutments presented no influence on peri‐implant parameters and esthetics evaluation for medium‐term periods (3 and 4 years).
Fracture resistance and crystal phase transformation of a one‐ and a two‐piece zirconia implant with and without simultaneous loading and aging—An in vitro study
Authors: Burkhardt Felix , Spies Benedikt C. , Riemer Lennart , Adolfsson Erik , Doerken Sam , Kohal Ralf‐Joachim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of artificial aging on the transformation propagation and fracture resistance of zirconia implants.MethodsOne‐piece (with integrated implant abutment, 1P; regular diameter [4.1mm]; n = 16) and two‐piece (with separate implant abutment, 2P; wide diameter [5 mm]; n = 16) zirconia implants were embedded according to ISO 14801. A two‐piece titanium–zirconium implant (Ti‐Zr; 4.1 mm diameter) served as a control (n = 16). One subgroup (n = 8) of each system was simultaneously dynamically loaded (107 cycles; 98N) and hydrothermally aged (85°C, 58 days), while the other subgroup (n = 8) remained untreated. Finally, specimens were statically loaded to fracture. Potential crystal phase transformation was examined at cross sections using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A multivariate linear regression model was applied for statistical analyses.ResultsThe fracture resistance of 1P (1,117 [SD = 38] N; loaded/aged: 1,009 [60] N), 2P (850 [36] N; loaded/aged: 799 [84] N), and Ti‐Zr implants (1,338 [205] N; loaded/aged: 1,319 [247] N) was not affected significantly by loading/aging (p = .171). However, when comparing the systems, they revealed significant differences independent of loading/aging (p ≤ .001). Regarding the crystal structure, a transformation zone was observed in SEM images of 1P only after aging, while 2P showed a transformation zone even before aging. After hydrothermal treatment, an increase of this monoclinic layer was observed in both systems.ConclusionsThe Ti‐Zr control implant showed higher fracture resistance compared to both zirconia implants. Loading/aging had no significant impact on the fracture resistance of both zirconia implants. The wide‐body 2P zirconia implant was weaker than the regular body 1P implant.
A unified framework for species spatial patterns: Linking the occupancy area curve, Taylor's Law, the neighborhood density function and two‐plot species turnover
Authors: Kitzes Justin , Brush Micah , Walters Kyle 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe description of spatial patterns in species distributions is central to research throughout ecology. In this manuscript, we demonstrate that five of the most widely used species‐level spatial patterns are not only related, but can in fact be quantitatively derived from each other under minimal assumptions: the occupancy area curve, Taylor's Law, the neighborhood density function, a two‐plot variant of Taylor's Law and two‐plot single‐species turnover. We present an overarching mathematical framework and derivations for several theoretical example cases, along with a simulation study and empirical analysis that applies the framework to data from the Barro Colorado Island tropical forest plot. We discuss how knowledge of this mathematical relationship can support the testing of ecological theory, suggest efficient field sampling schemes, highlight the relative importance of plot area and abundance in driving turnover patterns and lay the groundwork for future unified theories of community‐level spatial metrics and multi‐patch spatial patterns.
Environmental gradients predict the ratio of environmentally acquired carotenoids to self‐synthesised pteridine pigments
Authors: Stuart‐Fox Devi , Rankin Katrina J. , Lutz Adrian , Elliott Adam , Hugall Andrew F. , McLean Claire A. , Medina Iliana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCarotenoids are important pigments producing integument colouration; however, their dietary availability may be limited in some environments. Many species produce yellow to red hues using a combination of carotenoids and self‐synthesised pteridine pigments. A compelling hypothesis is that pteridines replace carotenoids in environments where carotenoid availability is limited. To test this hypothesis, we quantified concentrations of five carotenoid and six pteridine pigments in multiple skin colours and individuals from 27 species of agamid lizards. We show that environmental gradients predict the ratio of carotenoids to pteridines; carotenoid concentrations are lower and pteridine concentrations higher in arid environments with low vegetation productivity. Both carotenoid and pteridine pigments were present in all species, but only pteridine concentrations explained colour variation among species and there were no correlations between carotenoid and pteridine pigments with a similar hue. These results suggest that in arid environments, where carotenoids are likely limited, species may compensate by synthesising more pteridines but do not necessarily replace carotenoids with pteridines of similar hue.
Agonistic behaviour in the long‐snout seahorse: A gentlemanly challenge
Authors: Freret‐Meurer Natalie Villar , Andreata José Vanderli , Alves Maria Alice S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTerritorial defence is a relatively common behaviour in reef fish. Aggression typically occurs between individuals of the same sex, given that members of the opposite sex may represent potential breeding partners. Seahorses are cryptic reef fish with typical sedentary behaviour, especially during the male pregnancy. In this context, we investigated the agonistic behaviour of pregnant seahorses, Hippocampus reidi, towards other males, pregnant or not, relating the duration of their interactions to the size and robustness of the resident and intruder. Robustness was measured as the circumference of the brood pouch divided by total body length. The study was based on four alternative treatments, which were monitored in situ: (i) a pregnant male in its home range was exposed to a pregnant intruder male; (ii) a non‐pregnant male in its home range was exposed to a pregnant intruder male; (iii) a pregnant male in its own home range was exposed to a non‐pregnant intruder male, and (iv) a non‐pregnant male in its home range was exposed to a non‐pregnant intruder male. The control to test for the effect of seahorse translocation on later displacement behaviour consisted of male seahorses translocated to an area of 60 m from the capture site and quantification of their displacement range. Low‐level aggressive behaviour was recorded in the trials, although the pregnant males presented dominance behaviour, both within and outside their own home ranges or territories, to expel intruders, while non‐pregnant males avoided interaction. No correlation was found between robustness and either the displacement of the intruder or the duration of the interaction.
Effective implementation of machine learning algorithms using3Dcolour texture feature for traffic sign detection for smart cities
Authors: Vashisht Manisha , Kumar Brijesh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent past, emerging technology, such as AI has revolutionized progress and advancement of traffic management solutions in context of smart cities. This paper describes a novel approach of using 3D colour‐texture based feature for image detection on public datasets of Chinese traffic sign research database (TSRD) and Mapillary image database. The implementation of 3D colour texture feature for traffic sign detection is evaluated using artificial neural network and multiple other machine learning algorithms as classifier for image detection purposes. Both datasets used in our experiments are considered among most diverse traffic signage datasets globally with annotations of almost all classes. Image datasets have been publicly made available to researchers for academic purposes. For classification of traffic sign images on Chinese TSRD and Mapillary datasets, the result outcome from back‐propagation neural network (NN) classifier outperforms all other and produced best results and under multiple ML algorithms, support vector machines (SVM) cubic has best results. For classification of traffic sign images on Mapillary dataset, the result outcome from rational quadratic Gaussian process regression has best results. Also, the comparisons of results with other similar novel works have also been discussed. The proposed approach outperformed the previous experiments as observed through comparative analysis performed on both datasets. The conclusion of the research work highlights that the image detection performance is noticeably improved by using the combined 3D colour‐texture feature based proposed approach.
Role of memantine in the prophylactic treatment of episodic migraine: A systematic review
Authors: Mistry Vinita M. , Morizio Paige L. , Pepin Marc J. , Bryan William E. , Brown Jamie N. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this systematic review is to assess the efficacy and safety of memantine for the prophylactic treatment of episodic migraine.BackgroundMigraine is a prevalent chronic disease with significant costs to the health care system. Although various prophylactic treatment options are available, these medications have limitations based on efficacy, potential side effects, and patient preference. Memantine is an N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonist used in dementia treatment that may have potential benefit for migraine prophylaxis.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and CENTRAL databases was conducted to identify relevant published studies through December 2020 using the search terms: migraine disorders, migraine, headache disorders, or headache and memantine. Studies selected for the systematic review included prospective, interventional designs and evaluated memantine for prophylaxis of migraine. Animal studies, case reports, abstracts, review articles, protocols without results, and studies not written in English were excluded. Data were extracted using a standardized systematic process and included author, publication date, study design, sample size, patient characteristics, treatment regimen, clinical efficacy outcomes, and adverse drug effects.ResultsFour articles were identified for inclusion representing two prospective open‐label studies and two randomized, double‐blind trials, evaluating 183 patients on memantine overall. A reduction in number of migraine days and headache severity were shown in all four studies in the participants treated with memantine. The most common adverse effects included somnolence, sedation, and nausea, none of which were severe.ConclusionThe studies in this review establish that memantine has the potential for use as a treatment option for episodic migraine. Additional long‐term studies using an active comparator would be useful to further elucidate its role.
The CORE study—An adapted mental health experience codesign intervention to improve psychosocial recovery for people with severe mental illness: A stepped wedge cluster randomized‐controlled trial
Authors: Palmer Victoria J. , Chondros Patty , Furler John , Herrman Helen , Pierce David , Godbee Kali , Densley Konstancja , Gunn Jane M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundMental health policies outline the need for codesign of services and quality improvement in partnership with service users and staff (and sometimes carers), and yet, evidence of systematic implementation and the impacts on healthcare outcomes is limited.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to test whether an adapted mental health experience codesign intervention to improve recovery‐orientation of services led to greater psychosocial recovery outcomes for service users.DesignA stepped wedge cluster randomized‐controlled trial was conducted.Setting and ParticipantsFour Mental Health Community Support Services providers, 287 people living with severe mental illnesses, 61 carers and 120 staff were recruited across Victoria, Australia.Main Outcome MeasuresThe 24‐item Revised Recovery Assessment Scale (RAS‐R) measured individual psychosocial recovery.ResultsA total of 841 observations were completed with 287 service users. The intention‐to‐treat analysis found RAS‐R scores to be similar between the intervention (mean = 84.7, SD= 15.6) and control (mean = 86.5, SD= 15.3) phases; the adjusted estimated difference in the mean RAS‐R score was −1.70 (95% confidence interval: −3.81 to 0.40; p = .11).DiscussionThis first trial of an adapted mental health experience codesign intervention for psychosocial recovery outcomes found no difference between the intervention and control arms.ConclusionsMore attention to the conditions that are required for eight essential mechanisms of change to support codesign processes and implementation is needed.Patient and Public InvolvementThe State consumer (Victorian Mental Illness Awareness Council) and carer peak bodies (Tandem representing mental health carers) codeveloped the intervention. The adapted intervention was facilitated by coinvestigators with lived‐experiences who were coauthors for the trial and process evaluation protocols, the engagement model and explanatory model of change for the trial.
Monitoring and conservation of cryophilous biodiversity: concerns when working with insect populations in vanishing glacial habitats
Authors: Lencioni Valeria , Gobbi Mauro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Understanding how insects may respond and adapt to global warming is a major challenge when predicting future biodiversity trends in glacial regions at high altitudes and latitudes of our planet. Hydrobiologists, ecologists, ecotoxicologists, molecular biologists, physiologists, and taxonomists are working together to understand the current changes in and foresee future scenarios of alpine insect populations and habitats.
Thousands of specimens have been collected from remote areas to study the community structure, species phenology and distribution, and the response to environmental changes. Many of these species are at risk of extinction.
In this essay, we raise some burning questions and concerns we would like to share with researchers operating in glacial habitats, in particular, and those working on insect conservation in disappearing habitats, in general: Must we collect many samples and kill many specimens to study spatiotemporal changes in community structure? What is the proportion of individuals captured relative to the actual population size of the species? What are the possible consequences of intensive sampling?
Starting from our experience as ecologists, we appeal to the entomological audience to share our concerns and open a constructive scientific debate on cryophilous insect conservation.
Acetic acid and the skin: a review of vinegar in dermatology
Authors: Elhage Kareem G. , St. Claire Kayla , Daveluy Steven 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVinegar is commonly used as a home remedy for many skin problems. It is important for dermatologists to understand the evidence supporting its use in skin disease, as well as potential adverse effects, so they can properly counsel patients on the safe use of this widely available treatment. Vinegar possesses antimicrobial and antioxidant properties that provide utility in wound care as well as bacterial and fungal infections. There is also evidence to support its use in pruritus, head lice removal, and treatment of striae gravidarum. While generally safe, inappropriate use can result in damage to the skin. In this review, we discuss the evidence supporting vinegar as a treatment for skin disease, as well as adverse events reported from misuse, to provide dermatologists the knowledge to counsel patients on the safe and appropriate use of vinegar.
A Review of Clean‐Label Approaches to Chilli Paste Processing
Authors: Jamaluddin Faathirah , Noranizan Mohd Adzahan , Mohamad Azman Ezzat , Mohamad Azizah , Yusof Noor Liyana , Sulaiman Alifdalino 
Published: August 2021

SummaryConsumer demand for clean‐label food products is increasing. Moreover, the production of ready‐to‐cook products have begun to include clean‐label efforts. Dried chilli, the raw material for chilli paste, is susceptible to contaminants such as mould dirt and pesticides that must be removed to maintain the safety and quality of products. In this review, trends related to processes involved in chilli paste production are highlighted. Improvements in preservation technology and the potential for using a clean‐label approach to produce premium‐quality chilli pastes were explored. Ultrasound washing and high‐pressure processing could be combined as part of a hurdle technique for processing chilli pastes that align with consumer values. Ultrasound washing disinfects and removes dirt pesticides and chemical residues present on dried chillies. High‐pressure treatments inactivate microorganisms and enzymes, which could extend the shelf‐life of chilli pastes. Additionally, organic acid and garlic can be used as natural preservatives to improve the formulation without using artificial ingredients. This clean‐label concept can be integrated into the hurdle strategy to produce chilli paste that fulfils the consumer demand for a safe, naturally nutritional product with an extended shelf‐life.
Upsurge of human rhinovirus infection followed by a delayed seasonal respiratory syncytial virus infection in Thai children during the coronavirus pandemic
Authors: Thongpan Ilada , Vichaiwattana Preeyaporn , Vongpunsawad Sompong , Poovorawan Yong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human rhinovirus (HRV) commonly cause influenza‐like illness in young children. The global coronavirus pandemic beginning in 2020 altered the seasonality and prevalence of these respiratory infections in Thailand. We aimed to characterize the upsurge of HRV and the subsequent RSV infection observed among young children who sought medical care at a hospital in Bangkok.MethodsFrom July to December 2020, nasopharyngeal swabs from children ≤5 years of age presented with influenza‐like illness were tested for RSV and HRV using reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. Positive samples were Sanger sequenced. Genotyping was performed using sequence and phylogenetic analysis.ResultsUpsurge of HRV infection began in July and was subsequently replaced by a surge of RSV infection from September onward. In 6 months, HRV was detected in 27.5% (158/574) of the samples, of which 44% (69/158) were HRV‐A, 7% (11/158) were HRV‐B, and 36% (57/158) were HRV‐C. Meanwhile, RSV was detected in 40.4% (232/574) of the samples, of which 78% (181/232) were RSV‐A and 6% (14/232) were RSV‐B. RSV peaked in October 2020, approximately 2 months later than typically seen in previous years. All RSV‐A were of subgenotype ON1. Codetection of HRV and RSV was found in 5.1% (29/574).ConclusionsHRV and RSV infection among young children coincided with relaxed local coronavirus public health measures, including the return to in‐class schooling. The delayed RSV season in 2020 was predominantly associated with RSV‐A.