bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 post-vaccination breakthrough infections in association with vaccines and the emergence of variants in Bahrain
Authors: AlQahtani Manaf , Bhattacharyya Sujoy , Alawadi Abdulla , Mahmeed Hamad Al , Sayed Jaleela Al , Justman Jessica , El-Sadr Wafaa M. , Hidary Jack , Mukherjee Siddhartha 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants across the world has raised concerns about the effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines that were designed against the original Wuhan (wild type) variant. Critical questions have arisen regarding: (a) the effectiveness of various vaccines in preventing infection, symptomatic disease, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death and (b) the magnitude and clinical consequences of post-vaccination infections in the context of emerging variants, especially the Delta variant of SARS-Cov2. While “real world” experiences with various vaccines have been reported, few have examined comparative effectiveness of various vaccines in one population, as new SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged. Here we present an analysis of COVID-19 related outcomes from Bahrain, a country with a total population of 1.501 million, where four vaccines were deployed (total vaccinated =1,003,960), including Astra-Zeneca (AZ/Covishield), Pfizer/BioNtech, Sinopharm and Sputnik V. By analyzing individual histories of vaccinated versus unvaccinated cases, we provide a granular description of the effectiveness of the four vaccines, disease burden in unvaccinated versus vaccinated individuals over time, and the risk of four outcomes (infections, hospitalizations, ICU admissions and deaths) due to breakthrough infections among vaccinated individuals. We conclude that the four vaccines were effective in reducing all four outcomes in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated individuals, prior to, and during the period when the Delta variant became dominant in the country (May 2021 to the present). However, after censoring early vaccine recipients of Sinopharm vaccine, compared to Pfizer/BionTech recipients, individuals vaccinated with Sinopharm had a higher risk of post-vaccination infections, hospitalizations, ICU admissions and deaths, especially in those > 50 years old. Our overall findings support the value of vaccination in preventing COVID-19 related events even with the advent of the Delta variant. These data support the urgent need to expand vaccination access around the world, and may serve to guide the choice of vaccines in the context of the Delta variant.
Associations Between Plasma Concentrations of Lenvatinib and Angiopoietin and Clinical Responses to Lenvatinib Therapy in Japanese Patients With Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Kumagai Maho , Nagahama Mitsuji , Akamine Yumiko , Ozeki Tomoko , Suzuki Akifumi , Sugino Kiminori , Ito Koichi , Miura Masatomo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among plasma concentrations of lenvatinib, angiopoietin (Ang)-1 and Ang-2, and clinical responses to lenvatinib therapy in Japanese patients with thyroid cancer. Methods: Plasma concentrations of lenvatinib (C0) and Ang-1 and -2 were measured by HPLC and ELISA, respectively.Results: The median change rates of Ang-1 and Ang-2 at 1 month after treatment from baseline in 36 patients were -15.3% and -48.4%, respectively. However, the change of Ang-1 and Ang-2 at 1 month from baseline did not correlate with lenvatinib C0. In patients with partial response (PR) and stable disease to lenvatinib, Ang-2 at 1 month were significantly lower than Ang-2 at baseline (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively), but were not significantly lower in patients with progressive disease. The area under the ROC for PR prediction was 0.667, giving the best sensitivity (69.2%) and specificity (73.9%) at a threshold of the change rate of Ang-2 of -49.83%. A one year overall survival for patients having the change rate of Ang-2 of at least -49.83% and less than -49.83% were 62.5% and 40%, respectively. In patients who continued treatment with lenvatinib for 1 year, Ang-2 at 1 month and 1 year after treatment were significantly lower than those at baseline (each P < 0.001).Conclusion: The change of Ang-2 at 1 month after treatment from baseline rather than simply the Ang-2 level at baseline may be important as a biomarker of the inhibitory effect of angiogenesis by lenvatinib.
Discerning the painter’s hand: machine learning on surface topography
Authors: Ji Fang , McMaster Michael , Schwab Samuel , Singh Gundeep , Smith Lauryn Nicole , Adhikari Shishir , O'Dwyer Marcio , Sayed Farah , Ingrisano Tony , Yoder Dean , Bolman Elizabeth , Martin Ina , Hinczewski Michael , Singer Kenneth D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Attribution of paintings is a critical problem in art history. This study extends machine learning analysis to surface topography of painted works. A controlled study of positive attribution was designed with paintings produced by a class of art students. The paintings were scanned using a confocal optical profilometer to produce surface data. The surface data were divided into virtual patches and used to train an ensemble of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for attribution. Over a range of patch sizes from 0.5 to 60 mm, the resulting attribution was found to be 60 to 96% accurate, and, when comparing regions of different color, was nearly twice as accurate as CNNs using color images of the paintings. Remarkably, short length scales, as small as twice a bristle diameter, were the key to reliably distinguishing among artists. These results show promise for real-world attribution, particularly in the case of workshop practice.
A Hybrid Classification Method of Medical Image Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Wang Yulong , Liao Xiaofeng , Qiao Dewen , Wu Jiahui 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of modern medical science and technology, medical image classification has become a more and more challenging problem. However, in most traditional classification methods, image feature extraction is difficult, and the accuracy of classifier needs to be improved. Therefore, this paper proposes a high-accuracy medical image classification method based on deep learning, which is called hybrid CQ-SVM. Specifically, we combine the advantages of convolutional neural network (CNN) and support vector machine (SVM), and integrate the novel hybrid model. In our scheme, quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm (QPSO) is adopted to set its parameters automatically for solving the SVM parameter setting problem, CNN works as a trainable feature extractor and SVM optimized by QPSO performs as a trainable classifier. This method can automatically extract features from original medical images and generate predictions. The experimental results show that this method can extract better medical image features, and achieve higher classification accuracy.
Mathematical Modelling of Bifacial Dual SIS Solar Cell and Optimization of Tilt Angle
Authors: Dasgupta Kaustuv , Mondal Anup , Gangopadhyay Utpal 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The major challenge of PV cell design and installation has always been to find the optimum cost per energy and area of installation of solar panels. In densely populated and high-yielding agricultural country like India land acquisition is becoming an issue. Moreover the consisting demand to deduce the cost per energy indulges the worldwide scientists to design more efficient solar cells with low production cost. In developing countries scientists and engineers are trying to find an amicable solution to meet up these problems. In this paper the mathematical modelling of a dual SIS bifacial vertically mounted solar panel has been proposed to mitigate the energy and land area crisis in countries of Indian subcontinent, south Asia and elsewhere. The SIS (Semiconductor-Insulator-Semiconductor) technology was chosen for its extremely low thermal budget and less complicated production procedure. A bifacial solar cell with SIS junction in both sides was modelled. The front surface SIS junction was considered ZnO-SiO2-Si(p-type) while the back surface junction was considered Si(p type)-Al2O3-SnO. The efficiency for front and back surface was calculated as 5.64% and 5.58% respectively. We have further considered the effect of albedo from two different surfaces (soil and concrete) and the efficiencies of front and back surface for these albedo radiations. The angle of installation was optimized for both these effects. Considering both direct and albedo the all-day efficiency was calculated as 22.47% for a sunny day tropical region.
An immune-associated gene prognostic index risk model for stomach adenocarcinoma
Authors: Xue Weijie , Dong Bingzi , Wang Yixiu , Xie Yuwei , Xue Qingkai , Gong Zhiqi , Zhu Chengzhan , Niu Zhaojian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. In this study, we attempt to construct a valid immune-associated gene prognostic index risk model which could predict the survival of HCC patients and the efficacy of immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) treatment.
Methods

The transcriptome, clinical and gene mutational data were obtained from the TCGA database. And immune-related genes were downloaded from the ImmPort and InnateDB databases. Functional and enrichment analysis was performed to identify the potential molecular function and mechanism of these differentially expressed immune-associated genes. And then candidates genes related to overall survival (OS) of STAD was obtained by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Next, the immune prognostic risk model was constructed via multivariate Cox regression analysis and verified with GEO STAD cohort. Afterwards, the association between the risk model and the immune characteristics and was estimated. Finally, the correlation between the risk model and efficacy of ICIs therapy.
Results

A total of 493 immune-related genes were identified to enriched in function associated to immune response as well as in immune and tumor-related pathways. Based on the cox regression analysis, we constructed an immune-associated gene prognostic index (IAGPI) risk model based on 8 genes (RNASE2, CGB5, INHBE, PTGER3, CTLA4, DUSP1, APOA1 and CD36). Patients were divided into two subsets according to risk score. Patients in low risk set had a better OS than those in high. In the low risk set, there were more CD8 T cells, activated memory CD4 T cells, follicular helper T cells and M1 macrophages, while monocytes, M2 macrophages, eosinophils and neutrophils were more plentiful in the high. And patients in the low risk set were more sensitive to ICIs therapy.
Conclusion

The IAGPI risk model can precisely predict prognosis, reflect tumor immune microenvironment and predict the efficacy of ICIs therapy in STAD patients.
KÖL TİGİN VE BİLGE KAĞAN YAZITLARINDAKİ başlıgıg yüküntür- tizligig sökür- İBARESİ HAKKINDA
Authors: AĞCA Ferruh 
Published: August 2021

Türkoloji tarihinde tarihsel Türk dili ile ilgili araştırmalar daha çok fonoloji ve morfoloji alanlarında yoğunlaşmış, semantik ile ilgili pek çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bilhassa Türk dilinin ilk yazılı metinlerini tanıkladığımız Eski Türkçe dönemi ile ilgili semantik çalışmaların sayısı oldukça azdır. Ne var ki Türk runik harfli yazıtlar ile Uygurlardan kalan Maniheist ve Budist metinlerde sözcüklerin, sözcük öbeklerinin ya da kalıp sözlerin ve sentaktik dizgelerin ifade ettiği anlam çeşitliliği, bu döneme ait metinlerin semantik açıdan da incelenmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Zira bilhassa sözcüklerin ve kalıp sözlerin ifade ettiği anlam, sözcüklerin ilk ortaya çıktıkları ya da oluştukları anlamdan uzaklaşmış, kavram alanlarına uygun yeni anlamlar kazanmıştır. Türk dilinde sözcüklerin kaynak anlamlarından hedef anlamlara hangi semantik yollarla ulaştığını izleyip mecaz ve metafor haritasını belirlemek, Türk dilinin bir taraftan semantik araştırmalarına katkı sağlayacak, bir taraftan da bu yollarla yeni sözcük yaratmanın esas ve usulleri belirlenecektir.
Türk runik harfli yazıtlardan Köl Tigin ve Bilge Kağan yazıtlarında geçen ve bugüne kadarki çalışmalarda büyük ölçüde başlıgıg yüküntür- tizligig sökür- ya da sırası değişmiş haliyle tizligig sökür- başlıgıg yüküntür- şeklinde okunan kalıp sözler ile tam olarak hangi anlamın kastedildiği hususunda farklı anlamlandırmalar söz konusudur. Çalışmaların birçoğunda özellikle başlıg ve tizlig sözcükleri kaynak anlamları ile anlaşılmış; buna karşılık kaynak anlamlarından farklı anlamlandırmalar ise Türk dilinde baş ve tiz beden adlarının metaforik haritasından bağımsız olarak yapılmıştır. Bu makalede, Köl Tigin ve Bilge Kağan yazıtlarındaki ilgili ibare, baş ve tiz sözcüklerinin tarihsel Türk yazı dillerindeki tanıklarından ve Teŋrici çevredeki başlıg ve tizlig şekillerinin bağlamından hareketle yeniden yorumlanmış, sözcüklerin tarihsel Türk dili alanlarındaki kaynak-hedef anlamları metaforik olarak haritalanmıştır.
NİHÂLÎ İBRÂHÎM İBN SÜLEYMÂN HALÎFE VE MİR’ÂTÜ’L-‘UKALÂ ADLI ESERİ
Authors: ALTUNMERAL Mehmet , YAZICI Mehmet Yunus , BAHAR Hayrettin 
Published: August 2021

Ahlak; insandaki iyi ve kötü huyların, yaratılış özelliklerinin, faziletlerin tümü için ortak kullanılan bir isimdir. Bu konu din, felsefe, mantık, siyaset vb. alanlarda olduğu gibi edebiyat alanında da işlenmiştir. Pend-nâme, siyaset-nâme, nasihat-nâme gibi edebî türlerle hikemî şiirler ahlak merkezinde oluşturulmuştur. Bunun yanında Ahlâk-ı Alâ’î, Ahlâk-ı Muhsinî, Mir’âtül-Ahlâk gibi önemli eserler edebiyat tarihimizde yerini almıştır. Nihâlî İbrâhîm ibn Süleymân Halîfe tarafından hicrî 1213 (m. 1798/1799) yılında kaleme alınan Mir’âtü’l-‘Ukalâ adlı eser de bunlardan biridir. Tıp ilmiyle ilgilenen ve bir müddet Mekke ve Medîne’de evrak memurluğu yapan Nihâlî, eserini Sultan III. Selim’in tahtta bulunduğu dönemde tamamlanmıştır.
Makalenin giriş bölümünde ahlak ve ahlak ile ilişkili ilimler hakkında durulmuştur. Bunun yanında ahlak disiplini ile ilgili eser veren müellifler ve eserleri zikredilmiştir. Girişten sonra biyografik ve bibliyografik kaynaklar ışığında Nihâlî’nin hayatı hakkında yazılanlar tartışılmış ve kendi eserlerinden hareketle müellifin hayatı kaleme alınmıştır. Ardından ona ait eserlerin tanıtımına, Mir’âtü’l-‘Ukalâ’nın muhteva ve üslup açısından incelemesine yer verilmiştir. Çok yönlü bir şahsiyet olan Nihâlî’nin yararlandığı kaynaklar, oluşturduğu tertip ve üzerinde durduğu kavramlar hakkında incelemede bulunulmuştur. Son olarak da eserin ulaşabildiğimiz dokuz nüshasının katalog bilgilerine yer verilerek yazmaların nüsha tavsifi yapılmıştır
«ЖАЗУ ТІЛІ» - ТАРИХҚА ДЕЙІНГІ АДАМЗАТ ТАРИХЫН ЗЕРТТЕУГЕ СЕРПІН
Authors: SATBAI Tastanbek , ILYASSOVA Kulpash 
Published: August 2021

1975 жылы Алматы қаласында жарыққа шыққан ақын, ғалым және қоғам қайраткері Олжас Сүлейменовтің «Аз и Я» кітабы ресейлік және советтік тарих ғылымында ғасырлар бойы қалыптасқан стереотиптерге қарсы бағытталып, ресми кеңестік ғылым жетекшілері оны пантүркішілдігі үшін кінәлаған еді. Осы кітаптың жалғасы іспеттес автордың «Жазу тілі» («Язык письма») кітабы 1998-жылы Қазақстан егемендік алған жаңа тарихи және саяси жағдайларда жарыққа шықты. О.Сүлейменов бұл еңбегінде өзінің тарихқа деген соны концепциясын аяқтайды, әлемдік тарих пен тілтану ғылымында қалыптасқан «үндіеуропеистиканың» негізгі қағидаларына қарсы шығады. Мақалада О.Сүлейменовтің тілдің түп-төркінін ашуға бағытталған «ядролық лингвистикасы» мен үндіеуропеистиканың негізін құрайтын Фердинанд де Соссюрдің тілтанудағы тұжырымдамалары салыстырыла қарастырылады.
Автордың тарихқа дейінгі адамзат қоғамын зерттеудің кейбір аспектілеріне қатысты пікірлері де фундаментальдық сипатта. Сондай-ақ, адамзаттың алғашқы тасқа қашалған жазуларындағы таңбалар әлемін түсіндіруі де сонылығымен көзге түседі. Айталық, О.Сүлейменовтің неандерталь адамдары мен Homo sapiens – саналы адамдарының алғашқы діни түсініктеріне қатысты пікірлері қазіргі зерттеушілердің назарын аударуға тиіс. Зерттеуші неандерталь адамдар Айға табынушылар еді, ал саналы адамдар Күнге табынушылар болғанын жеткізеді. Олардың арасындағы қантөгіс қақтығыстар жаңа заманғы діни соғыстардан кем болған жоқ дей отырып, неандерталь адамдарының тарихи сахнадан кетуінің себептерінің кейбір аспектілерін қарастыруы назар аударады. Орасан зор тарихқа дейінгі материалдарды ой елегінен өткізе отырып, автор алғашқы географиялық ашулардың тарихқа дейінгі бағыттарына қатысты ғылыми негізді болжам айтады. «Шығыс-Батыс» дихотомиясының өркениет дәуіріндегі даму сатысында емес, тарихқа дейінгі қоғамда пайда болғанын дәлелдейді.
Batch test to evaluate microbial disinfectant decay and the onset of nitrification
Authors: Scott Daniel B. , Van Dyke Michele I. , Anderson William B. , King Patrick W. , Huck Peter M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A batch test procedure was investigated to provide insight into the microbial contribution to disinfectant decay in drinking water distribution systems using chloramines. A modified method for determining the critical threshold residual (CTR), the intersection point on a semi-log plot between first-order total chlorine fitted decay curves before and after the breakpoint, was developed. Unlike the CTR as originally defined, initial sample conditions were retained rather than artificially raising the monochloramine concentrations. The CTR calculated with this modified method can more easily be applied to distribution system scenarios. In addition, four types of decay curves were identified and could distinguish differences in the microbial contribution to disinfectant residual decay. This study revealed that chloramine decay batch tests should be evaluated based on decay curve type, decay rates, and the CTR value, in addition to the microbial decay factor, which has been used alone in previous studies. The batch test approach and evaluation criteria established here can be used to predict conditions favorable for rapid chloramine decay and nitrification, and that monitoring and control strategies should be implemented.
Application of fuzzy logic in river water quality modelling for analysis of industrialization and climate change impact on Sabarmati river
Authors: Patel Anant , Chitnis Karishma 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Rivers are critical to human life because they are strategically significant in the world, providing primary water supplies for various purposes. Rivers are the prime importance of any country as most of the cities are settled near the river. Due to developmental activities and increase in population, it will result in huge waste generation. Surface water quality is affected because of increasing urbanization and industrialization. The aim of this research is to examine the effect of climate change and industrialization on the water quality of the Sabarmati river using a mathematical model. For this study, four important towns along the lower Sabarmati River have been considered and water quality data was considered from 2005 to 2015. In this study, different water quality parameters were considered to derive a water quality model. Results show the water quality downstream after Ahmedabad city is worse compared to the other location where the Maximum WQI is 0.71 at Rasikapur and average WQI is 0.50 for the same location for the last 15 years. It has been observed that the effect of the monsoon and also by comparing time scale water quality model the role of regulations for industrialization also plays an important role in the quality of Sabarmati river.
Analysis and calculation of sediment scouring rate at different locations of storm sewer
Authors: Liu Cuiyun , Lv Wenke , Liu Qi , Zhou Jie , Wang Yiyang , Zhang Xiaohua , Zhou Jun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
To explore the migration differences of sediments at the front, middle, and end sections of a storm sewer when scoured by water, and further evaluate the pollution load, the scouring process of sediments at different locations of a storm sewer was simulated and mathematical models were built to calculate the scouring rate. Results show that scouring rate is affected by sediment particle size, pipeline slope, sediment thickness, and water flow velocity. As the slope increased, scouring rate at the end section increased more obviously. The scouring rate at the front section slightly decreased with increasing sediment thickness, but opposite trends were observed at the middle and end sections. When the particle size (0.33 mm–0.83 mm) and flow velocity (0.15 m/s–0.65 m/s) increased within their ranges, scouring rate increased across all three locations. Models for calculating scouring rate were established via two data fitting. The calculated values were compared with measured values at a scouring time of 1 min. Under different particle sizes, the difference between the calculated and measured values at front, middle, and end sections were in the ranges of −0.63% to 0.63%, −0.01% to 0.02%, and −0.13% to 0.16%, respectively, all of which showed good consistency.
Educação básica em Moçambique
Authors: Bene Leonel Elias , Garcia Fabiane Maia 
Published: August 2021

Este artigo examina os desdobramentos da política de democratização do acesso à educação básica e a contextualiza analisando suas possibilidades futuras. A pesquisa é bibliográfica e documental. Quanto a abordagem é qualitativa. Das análises feitas percebe-se que apesar de um início tardio da democratização do acesso à educação (com a independência nacional), dos efeitos catastróficos da guerra e calamidades naturais que afetaram grandemente o país na década de 1980-90, os resultados da pesquisa indicam que ao longo dos tempos o acesso melhorou significativamente, tanto em termos de infraestruturas educacionais, quanto nas oportunidades de acesso. Constata-se que a aprovação da atual lei (Lei n.º 18/2018, de 28 de dezembro) possibilita ganhos significativos relativamente ao período de escolarização pois, prevê uma obrigatoriedade de 9 anos contra os 7 previstos nas anteriores leis do Sistema Nacional de Educação o que trará melhorias no tempo de permanência na escola.
PROJETO LUTAS NA ESCOLA: APRENDENDO SOBRE E COM AS ARTES MARCIAIS
Authors: Ferreira Silva Bruno , Ramon Stafin Coquerel Patrick 
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho apresenta um relato de experiência vivenciado durante um estágio obrigatório supervisionado da graduação em Educação Física no ano de 2017. O estágio foi realizado na Escola Municipal Laura Maia, localizada na cidade de Natal-RN. A experiência relatada tem dois objetivos centrais: uma principal de proporcionar aos alunos uma atividade extracurricular com o conteúdo Lutas; e a outra diz respeito a possibilidade de organização de projeto de extensão durante a graduação. O trabalho desenvolvido na escola foi possível devido a proatividade e criatividade do estudante que realizava o estágio na escola, pois a escola precisava de um projeto envolvendo o Judô especificamente. Contudo, pensando na possibilidade de mais conhecimento sobre vários tipos de Lutas o projeto sugerido pelo estagiário foi o de envolver 4 tipos de Lutas: Capoeira, Judô, Muai Thay e Taekwondo.
PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Educação Física, Lutas, Projeto de Extensão.