bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Psychrotrophic Bacteria During Frozen Storage of Raw Milk
Authors: Ahmed S , Sumon S MMR , Hossain MD , Bostami ABM Rubayet , Rahman MM 
Published: April 2021

The study was aimed to enumerate the load of psychrotrophic bacteria in raw milk stored in freezer. Raw milk was collected from 18 different sized dairy farms located in Gazipur and Mymensingh district. From each location equal number (three of each) of small, medium or large farms were randomly selected. The raw milk samples were stored in freezer (-18 to -22 oC) for 28 days and analyzed for psychrotrophic bacterial load at every 7 days interval. For total viable count, bacteria was grown onto plate count agar at 70C for 10 days. Bacteria grown under such conditions referred as psychrotrophs. However, to determine the type of psychrotrophs selected colonies were grown further onto pseudomonas agar base and gram staining, oxidase, catalase and methyl red test for each isolate were perfomed. The psychrotrophic bacterial load in all the samples were low until 14 days of storage. However, from the third week of storage the bacterial load was observed to increase which reached to as high as 1.1 ± 2.3×107 cfu/mL at the end of the storage period (28 days). The milk samples obtained from large farms were lower (1.3×105 to 6.6×106) than that of medium (1.7×105 to 8.8×106) and small (2.0×105 to 1.1×107) type farms. The bacterial load was significantly (P<0.01) varied among the samples suggesting the heterogeneous management practices in dairy farms. All the morphological and biochemical tests confirmed the isolates as pseudomonas. Based on the present findings, it could be suggested that raw milk can store in the freezer maximum for two weeks in terms of psychrotrophic bacterial load.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 65-76
Application of Gliricidia sepium Tree Leaves and Nitrogen Fertilizer to Improve Tomato Production and Soil Properties
Authors: Keya SS , Miah MG , Rahman MA , Islam MT 
Published: April 2021

Excess use of agrochemicals for intensive cultivation affects crop quality and destroys agro-ecosystems, and eventually creates health hazards. The study aims to investigate the effect of Gliricidia sepium (GS) tree leaf as suitable green manures for supplementing nutrient supply along with nitrogen (N) fertilizer to produce quality tomato and soil fertility improvement. A field experiment was conducted at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh, from November 2016 to March 2017. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (two factors) with three replications. There were nine treatment combinations with three levels of GS tree leaves (5, 10 and 15 t ha−1) and three doses of N (0, 50 and 100% of the recommended dose of fertilizer). The highest tomato yield was recorded in GS15×N100 treatment combination, which was 41.68% higher compared to the control treatment. Decreasing C: N ratio in increasing dose of GS and N treated plot indicated the quality of tree leaves that ensures faster decomposition and high nutrient release pattern of this species. Increasing rate of soil pH and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in different treatments as compared to initial soil showed soil fertility improvement. Overall, the results indicated that quality tomato could be grown successfully by the application of G. sepium tree leaves along with an appropriate amount of N fertilizer.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 77-87
Status of Price Variations of Fish, Livestock and Poultry Products: A Case Study in Gazipur District of Bangladesh
Authors: Parvin MT , Amin MR , Acharjee DC , Alam GMM 
Published: April 2021

This study examined the pattern of price variations of major fish, livestock and poultry products in Gazipur district of Bangladesh. The secondary data on the average wholesale and retail prices of ten important commodities for a period of six years (June 2014 to June 2019) were collected from the Department of Agricultural Marketing (DAM) under the Ministry of Agriculture of the Government. The averages were calculated from a total of 1900 wholesalers and 2450 retailers in Gazipur district. Polynomial trend model was used to understand the nature of changes in the prices of the selected commodities and to make short-term forecasting. The model revealed a different pattern of price change for different commodities in both wholesale and retail markets. In case of mutton, egg (chicken), egg (duck), beef, and silver carp fish, it was highly upward sloping which indicates that price of these commodities will increase at an increasing rate in the upcoming years. A moderately increasing rate of price change was observed for katla fish in both the markets while for broiler, indigenous chicken and rohu fish, it was found a downward sloping. On the contrary, the projection indicates that the price of tilapia fish would remain stable in the near future. Such a scenario suggest that market monitoring system should be strengthened by the government to control the extreme increase or decrease in prices so that none of the stakeholders would be the gainer nor looser from the pricing policy in Bangladesh.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 99-112
Occurrence and Pest Severity of Whitefly on Different Varieties of Chili
Authors: Nasrin M , Amin MR , Miah MRU , Akanda AM , Miah GM 
Published: April 2021

Seasonal abundance, distribution and pest severity of white fly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) were studied on the chili (Capsicum spp.) varieties namely BARI Morich 1, BARI Morich 2, BARI Morich 3, BINA Morich 1 and Bogura Morich during November 2017 to June 2018 at Gazipur in Bangladesh. Results showed that the white fly started to build up their population from 2nd week of February on the chili varieties and exerted the peak abundance at the last week of February when the plants were at flowering stage. Abundances of white fly positively correlated with maximum temperature and relative humidity, and negatively correlated with minimum temperature and rainfall. Meteorological parameters predicted 11.6 to 32.9% abundance of whitefly on the chili varieties. Occurrence of white fly on different strata of the varieties was statistically low on BARI Morich 2 compared to other varieties. Virus infection levels among the varieties differed significantly and BARI Morich 2 showed the lowest level of infection. BARI Morich 2, Bogura Morich and BARI Morich 1 revealed low level of leaf curl indices (6.8 to 9.3%) and these varieties could be selected for cultivation in the areas where whitefly is a major pest of chili.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 127-135
Penerapan Algoritma K-Means dalam Pengelompokkan Rumah Tangga Menurut Provinsi dan Status Kepemilikan Rumah Milik Sendiri
Authors: Sianipar Kristin D R , Siahaan Septri Wanti , Gunawan Indra 
Published: April 2021

Rumah merupakan tempat atau wadah untuk melindungi manusia dari udara panas atau dingin. Rumah tangga adalah sekumpulan orang yang berkumpul di suatu tempat dan berbagi makanan, berteduh, dan lain-lain. Orang yang tinggal serumah, ada yang tinggal di kost dan ada yang sudah memiliki status kepemilikan rumah sendiri. Penelitian yang dilakukan penulis membahas tentang Penerapan Pengelompokan Rumah Tangga Menurut Provinsi dan Status Kepemilikan Rumah Milik Dengan Menggunakan Algoritma K-Means. Data penelitian bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik. Data yang digunakan untuk melakukan ini adalah data persentase rumah tangga menurut provinsi dan status kepemilikan rumah sendiri tahun 1999-2019. Data terdiri dari 34 provinsi. Variabel penelitian ini didasarkan pada jumlah rata-rata persentase rumah tangga menurut provinsi dan status kepemilikan rumah milik sendiri. Pengelompokan data akan dilakukan dengan membaginya menjadi 3 cluster, yaitu status kepemilikan rumah tingkat tinggi, status kepemilikan rumah sedang, dan status kepemilikan rumah milik sendiri rendah. Hasil penelitian ini berdasarkan Indeks Rumah Tangga menurut Provinsi dan Status Kepemilikan Rumah Milik, sebanyak 12 provinsi dengan kepemilikan rumah milik sendiri tinggi yaitu 86,14, 21 provinsi dengan kepemilikan rumah milik sendiri sedang yaitu 75 , 11, dan 1 provinsi dengan kepemilikan rumah milik sendiri rendah yaitu 51,61. Adanya penelitian ini dapat membuat masyarakat lebih berpikiran terbuka tentang memiliki rumah sendiri dengan status kepemilikan.

Kata kunci: Rumah Tangga; Pengelompokan; Masyarakat; Algoritma K-Means; Kepemilikan
Considerações sobre os desafios da escola básica atual: reflexões para uma sociedade mais plural
Authors: Ferreira Tássia Fernandes , Evêncio Kátia Maria de Moura , Sousa Alba Patrícia Passos de , Souza Lana Priscila 
Published: April 2021

O trabalho aqui apresentado tem gênese em estudos desenvolvidos para uma pesquisa de dissertação, no âmbito do curso de mestrado em Educação Brasileira da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), realizado no período de 2015 a 2017, pela autora principal. Posto isto, o presente artigo foi construído a partir do resgate da referida temática, e configura-se como uma pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, cujo embasamento teórico se deu com foco, principalmente, nos escritos de Bernard Charlot e nos marcos legais educacionais. Tivemos como objetivos centrais apresentar e discutir mudanças sofridas pela escola básica pública ao longo dos anos, a nível de Brasil, e seus impactos na educação; bem como refletir acerca dos desafios enfrentados pela escola, considerando seus contextos e sujeitos, em especial, os professores, na busca por uma sociedade mais plural, a partir de uma formação cidadã. Concluímos que, dentro da dinâmica social constantemente transformada - na qual se encontra a escola a qual nos referimos, com suas novas exigências, seu novo tipo de aluno e suas novas atribuições docentes - apesar do que estabelecem os documentos legais, acerca de uma formação cidadã, muitos são os caminhos e as contradições em busca de uma educação que possibilite a promoção de uma sociedade mais plural.
Estudos In silico sobre as atividades anticancerígenas do Eugenol presente no Cravo Da Índia (Syzygium aromaticum)
Authors: Oliveira Natália Sakuray , Arruda Evilanna Lima 
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Investigar as propriedades anticancerígenas do eugenol usando métodos In silico. Metodologia: é um artigo original utilizando a metodologia In silico atraves dos softwares PASS (Prediction of activity spectra for substances) online e GUSAR disponíveis de forma gratuita e livre. Resultados: Os resultados do sistema operacional online PASS demonstraram diversas atividades biológicas positiva, tais quais efeito antimutagênico, estimulante de caspase, tratamento pré neoplásico e agonista de apoptose tendo uma probabilidade de atividade (PA) bem superior a 0,700. Tais achados reforçam aos descritos na literatura que evidenciam um potencial antineoplásico devido o componente ter efeitos antioxidante, e estar vinculado a expressão de genes envolvidos na apoptose e inflamação. Tal como efeitos na regulação negativa de Bcl-2, COX-2 e IL-1ß, e ações na regulação positiva de P53, Bax e expressão ativa de Caspase-3, caspase-9 além de induzir a via da apoptose mitocondrial. Já pelo software GUSAR, foi observado a toxicidade, demonstrando que na categoria 4, estão as vias de administração intravenosa, oral, e subcutânea, indicando que é pouco tóxico. Já na categoria 5 enquadra-se a via intraperitoneal é relativamente atóxico. Tal achado ainda é obscuro e possui poucos artigos científicos para o embasamento. Conclusão: O Eugenol possui efeitos favoráveis para o tratamento e prevenção de diversos canceres e células mutagênicas, porém ainda há pouco conhecimento sobre a toxicidade deste componente. Assim, necessita de um maior aprofundamento sobre a temática.
Rancang Bangun Pengoperasian Lampu Menggunakan Sinyal Analog Smartphone Berbasis Mikrokontroller
Authors: Abidin Zainal , Tijaniyah Tijaniyah 
Published: April 2021

Umumnya piranti elektonik pada rumah tangga dikendalikan secara manual, contohnya lampu. Lampu adalah piranti elektronik yang berfungsi untuk penerangan sehingga sangat penting untuk kegiatan di dalam rumah setiap harinya. Namun akan terjadi kesulitan untuk menyalakan lampu setiap waktu, secara manual saat seseorang memiliki kesibukan yang lain. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya alat pengendali yang bisa digunakan secara efisien dari jarak jauh. Berdasarkan pemikiran tersebut, Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat alat yang dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan ON/OFF lampu dari jarak jauh menggunakan sinyal analog smartphone android berbasis mikrokontroler. Sistem kendali ini memanfaatkan wifi yang ada dalam Smartphone Android yang terhubung dengan ESP8266. Kemudian sinyal yang masuk akan diproses oleh Arduino Wemos D1 sebagai pusat kendali. Hasil pengujian elektronika pada penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa alat dapat memberi kemudahan untuk pengguna saat ingin menghidupkan atau mematikan lampu. Sistem kendali lampu ini dapat dikelola secara mandiri untuk masing-masing lampu pada setiap ruangan yang dikendalikan oleh pengguna dari Web Browser aplikasi smartphone android yang sudah tersedia.
Detection and Classification of Multi-Type Cells by Using Confocal Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Wen Jing , Tang Tianchen , Kanwal Saima , Lu Yongzheng , Tao Chunxian , Zheng Lulu , Zhang Dawei , Gu Zhengqin 
Published: April 2021

Tumor cells circulating in the peripheral blood are the prime cause of cancer metastasis and death, thus the identification and discrimination of these rare cells are crucial in the diagnostic of cancer. As a label-free detection method without invasion, Raman spectroscopy has already been indicated as a promising method for cell identification. This study uses a confocal Raman spectrometer with 532 nm laser excitation to obtain the Raman spectrum of living cells from the kidney, liver, lung, skin, and breast. Multivariate statistical methods are applied to classify the Raman spectra of these cells. The results validate that these cells can be distinguished from each other. Among the models built to predict unknown cell types, the quadratic discriminant analysis model had the highest accuracy. The demonstrated analysis model, based on the Raman spectrum of cells, is propitious and has great potential in the field of biomedical for classifying circulating tumor cells in the future.
Adjunctive S100A8/A9 Immunomodulation Hinders Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Murine Biofilm Wound Model
Authors: Laulund Anne S. , Schwartz Franziska , Trøstrup Hannah , Thomsen Kim , Christophersen Lars , Calum Henrik , Ciofu Oana , Høiby Niels , Moser Claus 
Published: April 2021

ObjectivePseudomonas aeruginosa is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic wounds by biofilm-establishment with increased tolerance to host response and antibiotics. The neutrophil-factor S100A8/A9 has a promising adjuvant effect when combined with ciprofloxacin, measured by quantitative bacteriology, and increased anti- and lowered pro-inflammatory proteins. We speculated whether a S100A8/A9 supplement could prevent ciprofloxacin resistance in infected wounds.MethodFull-thickness 2.9cm2-necrosis was inflicted on 32 mice. On day 4, P.aeruginosa in seaweed alginate was injected sub-eschar to mimic a mono-pathogenic biofilm. Mice were randomized to receive ciprofloxacin and S100A8/A9 (n=14), ciprofloxacin (n=12) or saline (n=6). Half of the mice in each group were euthanized day 6 and the remaining day 10 post-infection. Mice were treated until sacrifice. Primary endpoint was the appearance of ciprofloxacin resistant P.aeruginosa. The study was further evaluated by genetic characterization of resistance, means of quantitative bacteriology, wound-size and cytokine-production.ResultsThree mice receiving ciprofloxacin monotherapy developed resistance after 14 days. None of the mice receiving combination therapy changed resistance pattern. Sequencing of fluoroquinolone-resistance determining regions in the ciprofloxacin resistant isolates identified two high-resistant strains mutated in gyrA C248T (MIC&gt;32µg/ml) and a gyr B mutation was found in the sample with low level resistance (MIC=3µg/ml). Bacterial densities in wounds were lower in the dual treated group compared to the placebo group on both termination days.ConclusionThis study supports the ciprofloxacin augmenting effect and indicates a protective effect in terms of hindered ciprofloxacin resistance of adjuvant S100A8/A9 in P.aeruginosa biofilm infected chronic wounds.
Using Routine Laboratory Markers and Immunological Indicators for Predicting Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia in Immunocompromised Patients
Authors: Tang Guoxing , Tong Shutao , Yuan Xu , Lin Qun , Luo Ying , Song Huijuan , Liu Wei , Wu Shiji , Mao Liyan , Liu Weiyong , Zhu Yaowu , Sun Ziyong , Wang Feng 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundPneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP) is the most common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. The accurate prediction of PJP development in patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy remains challenge.MethodsPatients undergoing immunosuppressive treatment and with confirmed pneumocystis jiroveci infection were enrolled. Another group of matched patients with immunosuppressant treatment but without signs of infectious diseases were enrolled to control group.ResultsA total of 80 (40 PJP, 40 non-PJP) participants were enrolled from Tongji Hospital. None of the patients were HIV positive. The routine laboratory indicators, such as LYM, MON, RBC, TP, and ALB, were significantly lower in PJP patients than in non-PJP patients. Conversely, LDH in PJP patients was significantly higher than in non-PJP controls. For immunological indicators, the numbers of T, B, and NK cells were all remarkably lower in PJP patients than in non-PJP controls, whereas the functional markers such as HLA-DR, CD45RO and CD28 expressed on CD4+ or CD8+ T cells had no statistical difference between these two groups. Cluster analysis showing that decrease of host immunity markers including CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and increase of tissue damage marker LDH were the most typical characteristics of PJP patients. A further established model based on combination of CD8+ T cells and LDH showed prominent value in distinguishing PJP from non-PJP, with AUC of 0.941 (95% CI, 0.892-0.990).ConclusionsA model based on combination of routine laboratory and immunological indicators shows prominent value for predicting the development of PJP in HIV-negative patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy.
A Novel Image Analysis Approach Reveals a Role for Complement Receptors 1 and 2 in Follicular Dendritic Cell Organization in Germinal Centers
Authors: Anania Jessica C. , Westin Annika , Adler Jeremy , Heyman Birgitta 
Published: April 2021

Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are rare and enigmatic cells that mainly reside in germinal centers (GCs). They are capable of capturing immune complexes,viatheir Fc (FcRs) and complement receptors (CRs) and storing them for long periods in non-degradative vesicles. Presentation of ICs on FDCs to B cells is believed to drive affinity maturation. CR1 and CR2 are expressed on B cells and FDCs. Cr2 knock out (KO) mice, lacking both receptors, have impaired antibody and GC responses. Utilizing a novel ImageJ macro to analyze confocal fluorescence microscopy images of spleen sections, we here investigate how FDCs in wild type (WT) and Cr2 KO mice behave during the first two weeks after immunization with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Mice were immunized with SRBC i.v. and spleen and serum samples harvested at various time points. As expected, antibody and GC responses in Cr2 KO mice were impaired in comparison to WT mice. Fewer FDCs were identified in Cr2 KO mice, and these exhibited differential localization and organization in comparison to WT mice. WT FDCs were primarily located within GCs at the light zone/dark zone border. FDCs from WT but not Cr2 KO mice were actively dispersed in GCs, i.e. tended to move away from each other, presumably to increase their surface area for B cell interaction. FDCs from Cr2 KO mice were more often found on follicles outside of the GCs and those within the GCs were closer to the periphery in comparison to WT FDCs. Expression of CR1 and CR2, FcγRIIB, and FcµR increased in FDCs from WT mice during the course of immunization. The results suggest that decreased ability to capture ICs by FDCs lacking CR1 and CR2 may not be the only explanation for the impaired GC and antibody responses in Cr2 KO mice. Poor FDC organization in GCs and failure to increase receptor expression after immunization may further contribute to the inefficient immune responses observed.
Reprogramming Intestinal Epithelial Cell Polarity by Interleukin-22
Authors: Delbue Deborah , Lebenheim Lydia , Cardoso-Silva Danielle , Dony Violaine , Krug Susanne M. , Richter Jan F. , Manna Subhakankha , Muñoz Melba , Wolk Kerstin , Heldt Claudia , Heimesaat Markus M. , Sabat Robert , Siegmund Britta , Schumann Michael 
Published: April 2021

Background: Interleukin-22 (IL-22) impacts the integrity of intestinal epithelia and has been associated with the development of colitis-associated cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Previous data suggest that IL-22 protects the mucosal barrier and promotes wound healing and barrier defect. We hypothesized, that IL-22 modulates cell polarity of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) acting on tight junction assembly. The aim of the study was to investigate IL-22-dependent mechanisms in the reprogramming of intestinal epithelia.Methods: IECs were exposed to IL-22 at various concentrations. IECs in Matrigel® were grown to 3-dimensional cysts in the presence or absence of IL-22 and morphology and expression of polarity proteins were analyzed by confocal microscopy. Epithelial cell barrier (TER and sandwich assay) and TJ assembly analysis (calcium-switch assay) were performed. TJ and cell polarity protein expression were assessed by western blotting and confocal microscopy. Cell migration and invasion assays were performed. Induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was assessed by RT-qPCR analysis and western blotting. Signaling pathway analyses were performed by phosphoblotting and functional assays after blocking STAT3 and ERK signaling pathways. Using the toxoplasma-model of terminal ileitis, IL-22-knock-out mice were compared to wild-type littermates, analyzed for barrier function using one-path-impedance-analysis and macromolecular flux (H3-mannitol, Ussing-chambers).Results: IECs exhibited a barrier defect after IL-22 exposure. TJ protein distribution and expression were severely impaired. Delayed recovery in the calcium-switch assay was observed suggesting a defect in TJ assembly. Analyzing the 3D-cyst model, IL-22 induced multi-lumen and aberrant cysts, and altered the localization of cell polarity proteins. Cell migration and invasion was caused by IL-22 as well as induction of EMT. Interestingly, only inhibition of the MAPK pathway, rescued the TJal barrier defect, while blocking STAT3 was relevant for cell survival. In addition, ileal mucosa of IL-22 deficient mice was protected from the barrier defect seen in Toxoplasma gondii-induced ileitis in wild type mice shown by significantly higher Re values and correspondingly lower macromolecule fluxes.Conclusion: IL-22 impairs intestinal epithelial cell barrier by inducing EMT, causing defects in epithelial cell polarity and increasing cell motility and cell invasion. IL-22 modulates TJ protein expression and mediates tight junctional (TJal) barrier defects via ERK pathway.