bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra-abdominal resection of the umbilical vein and urachus of bovine fetuses using laparoscopy and celiotomy: surgical time and feasibility (cadaveric study)
Authors: de Oliveira Monteiro Francisco Décio , Gurgel Heytor Jales , de Sousa Simon Silva , Barroso João Pedro Monteiro , Vasconcelos Gabrielle Patrizi Braga , dos Santos Daniele Lira , Araújo Luiz Henrique Vilela , de Sousa Loise Araújo , dos Santos Gabriela Melo Alves , da Cunha Rossy Kayan , da Silva Verena Siqueira , do Espirito Santo Fernandes Camila , da Conceição Guilherme Barbara , Miranda Helaine Freitas , Silva Carla Rozilene Guimarães , dos Santos Albuquerque Rodrigo , Borges Luisa Pucci Bueno , de Araújo Gilson Ferreira , Landers Renata Sitta Mariano , Teixeira Pedro Paulo Maia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSurgical intervention for umbilical diseases in calves, when indicated, is a complementary and indispensable therapeutic resource for the treatment of umbilical conditions and is commonly performed using celiotomy. However, laparoscopy has demonstrated feasibility in many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of the techniques and the surgical time of laparoscopy and celiotomy used in intra-abdominal resection of the umbilical vein and urachus of bovine fetuses (cadavers). Resection of the umbilical vein and urachus using laparoscopy and celiotomy was performed in 26 anatomical specimens (bovine fetuses obtained from an official slaughterhouse). Resection of umbilical structures was feasible with both techniques, but shorter surgical time and minimal tissue damage were achieved using laparoscopy. Laparoscopy requires specialized training and appropriate instruments and is an important tool for diagnostic and therapeutic exploration of the umbilical structures, liver, bladder, and associated/adjacent structures.
Circulating miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-126 are associated with premature death risk due to cancer and cardiovascular disease: the JACC Study
Authors: Yamada Hiroya , Suzuki Koji , Fujii Ryosuke , Kawado Miyuki , Hashimoto Shuji , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Iso Hiroyasu , Fujino Yoshihisa , Wakai Kenji , Tamakoshi Akiko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrimary prevention of premature death is a public health concern worldwide. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been described as potential diagnostic biomarkers for diseases as cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). This case-cohort study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between circulating miRNAs and the risk of premature death. A total of 39,242 subjects provided baseline serum samples in 1988–1990. Of these, 345 subjects who died of intrinsic disease (< 65 years old) and for which measurable samples were available were included in this study. We randomly selected a sub-cohort of 879 subjects. Circulatring miR-21, miR-29a, and miR-126 were determined using qRT-PCR. Conditional logistic regression models were used to analyse the data with respect to stratified miRNA levels. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that subjects with high circulating miR-21 and miR-29a individual levels had a significantly higher risk of total death, cancer death, and CVD death than those with medium miR-21 and miR-29a individual levels. Conversely, subjects with low circulating miR-126 levels had a significantly higher risk of total death than those with medium levels. This suggests that circulating miRNAs are associated with the risk of premature death from cancer and CVD, identifying them as potential biomarkers for early detection of high-risk individuals.
Structural basis for promiscuous action of monoterpenes on TRP channels
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hong Dung , Itoh Satoru G. , Okumura Hisashi , Tominaga Makoto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMonoterpenes are major constituents of plant-derived essential oils and have long been widely used for therapeutic and cosmetic applications. The monoterpenes menthol and camphor are agonists or antagonists for several TRP channels such as TRPM8, TRPV1, TRPV3 and TRPA1. However, which regions within TRPV1 and TRPV3 confer sensitivity to monoterpenes or other synthesized chemicals such as 2-APB are unclear. In this study we identified conserved arginine and glycine residues in the linker between S4 and S5 that are related to the action of these chemicals and validated these findings in molecular dynamics simulations. The involvement of these amino acids differed between TRPV3 and TRPV1 for chemical-induced and heat-evoked activation. These findings provide the basis for characterization of physiological function and biophysical properties of ion channels.
Whole-organ analysis of TGF-β-mediated remodelling of the tumour microenvironment by tissue clearing
Authors: Kubota Shimpei I. , Takahashi Kei , Mano Tomoyuki , Matsumoto Katsuhiko , Katsumata Takahiro , Shi Shoi , Tainaka Kazuki , Ueda Hiroki R. , Ehata Shogo , Miyazono Kohei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTissue clearing is one of the most powerful strategies for a comprehensive analysis of disease progression. Here, we established an integrated pipeline that combines tissue clearing, 3D imaging, and machine learning and applied to a mouse tumour model of experimental lung metastasis using human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. This pipeline provided the spatial information of the tumour microenvironment. We further explored the role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in cancer metastasis. TGF-β-stimulated cancer cells enhanced metastatic colonization of unstimulated-cancer cells in vivo when both cells were mixed. RNA-sequencing analysis showed that expression of the genes related to coagulation and inflammation were up-regulated in TGF-β-stimulated cancer cells. Further, whole-organ analysis revealed accumulation of platelets or macrophages with TGF-β-stimulated cancer cells, suggesting that TGF-β might promote remodelling of the tumour microenvironment, enhancing the colonization of cancer cells. Hence, our integrated pipeline for 3D profiling will help the understanding of the tumour microenvironment.
IFN signaling and neutrophil degranulation transcriptional signatures are induced during SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Rosa Bruce A. , Ahmed Mushtaq , Singh Dhiraj K. , Choreño-Parra José Alberto , Cole Journey , Jiménez-Álvarez Luis Armando , Rodríguez-Reyna Tatiana Sofía , Singh Bindu , Gonzalez Olga , Carrion Ricardo , Schlesinger Larry S. , Martin John , Zúñiga Joaquín , Mitreva Makedonka , Kaushal Deepak , Khader Shabaana A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 virus has infected more than 92 million people worldwide resulting in the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Using a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, we have characterized the transcriptional signatures induced in the lungs of juvenile and old macaques following infection. Genes associated with Interferon (IFN) signaling, neutrophil degranulation and innate immune pathways are significantly induced in macaque infected lungs, while pathways associated with collagen formation are downregulated, as also seen in lungs of macaques with tuberculosis. In COVID-19, increasing age is a significant risk factor for poor prognosis and increased mortality. Type I IFN and Notch signaling pathways are significantly upregulated in lungs of juvenile infected macaques when compared with old infected macaques. These results are corroborated with increased peripheral neutrophil counts and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio in older individuals with COVID-19 disease. Together, our transcriptomic studies have delineated disease pathways that improve our understanding of the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19.
Denitrification is the major nitrous acid production pathway in boreal agricultural soils
Authors: Bhattarai Hem Raj , Wanek Wolfgang , Siljanen Henri M. P. , Ronkainen Jussi G. , Liimatainen Maarit , Hu Yuntao , Nykänen Hannu , Biasi Christina , Maljanen Marja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNitrous acid (HONO) photolysis produces hydroxyl radicals—a key atmospheric oxidant. Soils are strong HONO emitters, yet HONO production pathways in soils and their relative contributions are poorly constrained. Here, we conduct 15N tracer experiments and isotope pool dilution assays on two types of agricultural soils in Finland to determine HONO emission fluxes and pathways. We show that microbial processes are more important than abiotic processes for HONO emissions. Microbial nitrate reduction (denitrification) considerably exceeded ammonium oxidation as a source of nitrite—a central nitrogen pool connected with HONO emissions. Denitrification contributed 97% and 62% of total HONO fluxes in low and high organic matter soil, respectively. Microbial ammonium oxidation only produced HONO in high organic matter soil (10%). Our findings indicate that microbial nitrate reduction is an important HONO production pathway in aerobic soils, suggesting that terrestrial ecosystems favouring it could be HONO emission hotspots, thereby influencing atmospheric chemistry.
Once in a Hundred Years: Does COVID-19 Present an Opportunity to Restructure the Professional Image of the Social Worker in Israel?
Authors: Ben Shlomo Shirley , Levin-Keini Noga 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has placed social work in the limelight alongside the various medical professions and has created a rare opportunity for transforming the oppressed image of the profession. Based on a broad perspective—historical, social and political—we show how the development of a collective needs-conscious identity can lead to active protests on the part of social workers against their condition. This process is brought into sharp focus by critical analysis of media reports on the protests held by social workers in Israel in July 2020. An analysis of the struggle points to a number of factors that are responsible for its success: creating a collective consciousness with respect to the profession and the use of anger (as against fear); increasing the visibility of the profession in the public eye and the media; developing a dialogue that defined the party responsible for oppressing the status of the social workers; highlighting the ramifications of this oppression not only on the social workers but also on society as a whole; and using rhetoric that enabled the professional struggle to be ended and collaboration to be continued. The significance of these findings and their theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Alterations in dopamine system and in its connectivity with serotonin in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ceyzériat Kelly , Gloria Yesica , Tsartsalis Stergios , Fossey Christine , Cailly Thomas , Fabis Frédéric , Millet Philippe , Tournier Benjamin B 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDopamine pathways alterations are reported in Alzheimer’s disease. However, it is difficult in humans to establish when these deficits appear and their impact in the course of Alzheimer’s disease. In the TgF344-Alzheimer’s disease rat model at the age of 6 months, we showed a reduction in in vivo release of striatal dopamine due to serotonin 5HT2A-receptor blockade, in the absence of alterations in 5HT2A-receptor binding, suggesting a reduction in 5HT2A-receptor-dopamine system connectivity. In addition, a functional hypersensitivity of postsynaptic dopamine D2-receptors and D2-autoreceptors was also reported without any change in D2-receptor density and in the absence of amyloid plaques or overexpression of the 18 kDa translocator protein (an inflammatory marker) in areas of the dopamine system. Citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, induced functional 5HT2A-receptor−D2-receptor connectivity changes but had no effect on D2-autoreceptor hypersensitivity. In older rats, dopamine cell bodies overexpressed translocator protein and dopamine projection sites accumulated amyloid. Interestingly, the 5HT2A-receptor density is decreased in the accumbens subdivisions and the substantia nigra pars compacta. This reduction in the striatum is related to the astrocytic expression of 5HT2A-receptor. Our results indicate that both serotonin/dopamine connectivity and dopamine signalling pathways are dysregulated and potentially represent novel early diagnostic and therapeutic avenues.
African trade of mangoes to OECD countries: disentangling the effects of compliance with maximum residue limits on production, export supply and import demand
Authors: Traoré Ousmane Z , Tamini Lota D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article theoretically and empirically disentangles the effects of maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides on production, export supply and import demand. We adopt a modelling approach based on the costs and benefits associated with food safety standards and use our theoretical framework to assess the empirical net effects of MRLs for pesticides on African mango production and trade with Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries. On the one hand, we theoretically highlight that for a given production technology and a level of elasticity of production costs with respect to the MRL gap, producers will likely (probability and quantity) produce standard-compliant products if they are able to completely pass through the standard-compliance costs to the unit price they receive from exporters; otherwise, they will exit standard-compliant products market. On the other hand, we theoretically show that the net effects of the MRL gap on bilateral trade can be positive, zero or negative depending on the effects of consumers’ perceived quality (positive), trade costs (negative) and standard-compliant production cost (negative). We use a cross-sectional data set for 12 African countries that produced and exported MRL-compliant mangoes to 31 OECD countries in 2016. On the one hand, we find that the net effect of MRLs is positive for the level of standard-compliant mango production and negative for the probability of producing. On the other hand, they are positive in mango trade between African and OECD member countries. Our results highlight that the tightening or imposition of strict MRLs for pesticides in developed countries may be trade promoting, while they severely impede production in African countries.
Beyond métiers: social factors influence fisher behaviour
Authors: Schadeberg Amanda , Kraan Marloes , Hamon Katell G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fisheries management is usually supported by technical and financial measurements (i.e. logbooks and market data), which are helpful for ecological or economic assessments. Yet this information is not able to address social heterogeneity and fisher motivations, which are key to understanding fisher behaviour. This case study of the demersal segment in the Netherlands shows that combining quantitative analysis of logbooks with qualitative data collected by engaging with fishers can capture both fishing activity and its motivations, generating a more social understanding of fisher behaviour. A métier analysis of logbook data describes five dominant fishing practices among the selected segment. Twenty-five in-depth interviews with fishers along with focus groups including other experts identify three social factors that influence fisher behaviour in the Dutch demersal fleet: business structure, working rhythm, and polyvalence. The results show that motivations for fisher behaviour are more complex than complying with regulations or seeking profit: social factors also influence fishing activity. Furthermore, these social factors have real implications for the impacts of management measures on both the fishing communities and the environment, especially in times of change. These results are useful for management strategy development or evaluation because they are feasibly observable through existing data collection protocols.
Linkage of Hospital Records and Death Certificates by a Search Engine and Machine Learning
Authors: Cossin Sebastien , Diouf Serigne , Griffier Romain , Le Barrois d’Orgeval Philippine , Diallo Gayo , Jouhet Vianney 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Vital status is of central importance to hospital clinical research. However, hospital information systems record only in-hospital death information. Recently, the French government released a publicly available dataset containing death-certificate data for over 25 million individuals. The objective of this study was to link French death certificates to the Bordeaux University Hospital records to complete the vital status information.

Materials and Methods
Our linkage strategy was composed of a search engine to reduce the number of comparisons and machine-learning algorithms. The overall pipeline was evaluated by assembling a file containing 3,565 in-hospital deaths and 15,000 alive persons.

Results
The recall and precision of our linkage strategy were 97.5% and 99.97% for the upper threshold and 99.4% and 98.9% for the lower threshold, respectively.

Conclusion
In this study, we demonstrated the feasibility of accurately linking hospital records with death certificates using a search engine and machine learning.
Multinational Enterprises and the Law
Authors: Muchlinski Peter T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This book is a comprehensive and interdisciplinary account of the techniques used to regulate multinational enterprises (MNEs) at the national, regional and multilateral levels. The book considers the effects of corporate self-regulation, and the impact of civil society and community groups upon the development of the legal order in this area. It has been thoroughly revised and updated for this third edition. The book is split into four parts. Part I deals with the conceptual basis for MNE regulation. It explains the growth of MNEs, their business and legal forms and the relationship between them and the effects of a globalized economy and society, now increasingly challenged by recently revived nationalist economic policies, upon the evolution of regulatory agendas in the field. Part II covers the main areas of economic regulation, including the limits of national and regional jurisdiction over MNE activities, controls over—and the liberalization of—entry and establishment, tax, company and competition law and the impact of intellectual property rights on technology diffusion and transfer. Part III introduces the social dimension of MNE regulation covering labour rights, human rights and environmental issues. Part IV deals with the contribution of international investment law to MNE regulation and to the control of investment risks, covering the main provisions found in international investment agreements, their interpretation by international tribunals and how concerns over these developments are leading to reform proposals.
Declining Procedures in Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Using a National Database
Authors: Ross Patrick A. , Engorn Branden M. , Newth Christopher J. L. , Gordon Chloe , Soto-Campos Gerardo , Bhalla Anoopindar K. 
Published: March 2021

Objectives:
To investigate the change in rate of invasive procedures (endotracheal intubation, central venous catheters, arterial catheters, and peripheral inserted central venous catheters) performed in PICUs per admission over time. Secondarily, to investigate the change in type of respiratory support over time.

Design:
Retrospective study of prospectively collected data using the Virtual Pediatric Systems (VPS; LLC, Los Angeles, CA) database.

Setting:
North American PICUs.

Patients:
Patients admitted from January 2009 to December 2017.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
There were 902,624 admissions from 161 PICUs included in the analysis. Since 2009, there has been a decrease in rate of endotracheal intubations, central venous catheters placed, and arterial catheters placed and an increase in the rate of peripheral inserted central venous catheter insertion per admission over time after controlling for severity of illness and unit level effects. As compared to 2009, the incident rate ratio for 2017 for endotracheal intubation was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.83–0.98; p = 0.017), for central venous line placement 0.69 (0.63–0.74; p < 0.001), for arterial catheter insertion 0.85 (0.79–0.92; p < 0.001), and for peripheral inserted central venous catheter placement 1.14 (1.03–1.26; p = 0.013). Over this time period, in a subgroup with available data, there was a decrease in the rate of invasive mechanical ventilation and an increase in the rate of noninvasive respiratory support (bilevel positive airway pressure/continuous positive airway pressure and high-flow nasal oxygen) per admission.

Conclusions:
Over 9 years across multiple North American PICUs, the rate of endotracheal intubations, central catheter, and arterial catheter insertions per admission has decreased. The use of invasive mechanical ventilation has decreased with an increase in noninvasive respiratory support. These data support efforts to improve exposure to invasive procedures in training and structured systems to evaluate continued competency.
The Building Blocks to a Highly Effective Trauma Program
Authors: Gosnell Jaclyn , Slivinski Andrea 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Well-developed trauma programs take years of planning, dedication, and commitment to the trauma population to achieve the desired outcomes and, even more, resilience and persistence to maintain a high-quality standard of care. Despite widespread trauma care systems across the nation and their link to improved outcomes for the trauma patient, there is a paucity of literature outlining the foundational elements required to evolve and grow a successful trauma program.

Objective:
The purpose of this article is to outline the key elements for developing and maintaining a successful trauma program that yields high-quality patient outcomes.

Methods:
Developing a program requires intense focus and continued efforts. Multiple foundational building blocks can facilitate program success and foster program growth.

Results:
Foundational elements include leadership structure and support, building the right team, clinical expertise, trauma registry, program data, research, outreach and education, injury prevention, and ensuring adequate survey readiness. Building on these foundational elements, engagement of stakeholders at all levels throughout the program and organization can help drive program growth. Using these strategies, a program has been able to grow from 7.6 full-time equivalents to 24.4 in just a few short years while achieving, exceeding, and sustaining top metrics across state and national benchmarks.

Conclusion:
A program can achieve sustainable, high-quality outcomes for the trauma patient by following a structured team approach to program development. Using the outlined building blocks for program development and sustainability, a successful trauma program can lead to improved patient and program outcomes.