bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Networking State of Ytterbium Ions Probing the Origin of Luminescence Quenching and Activation in Nanocrystals
Authors: Mei Sheng , Zhou Jiajia , Sun Hong‐Tao , Cai Yangjian , Sun Ling‐Dong , Jin Dayong , Yan Chun‐Hua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAt the organic–inorganic interface of nanocrystals, electron‐phonon coupling plays an important but intricate role in determining the diverse properties of nanomaterials. Here, it is reported that highly doping of Yb3+ ions within the nanocrystal host can form an energy‐migration network. The networking state Yb3+ shows both distinct Stark splitting peak ratios and lifetime dynamics, which allows quantitative investigations of quenching and thermal activation of luminescence, as the high‐dimensional spectroscopy signatures can be correlated to the attaching and de‐attaching status of surface molecules. By in‐situ surface characterizations, it is proved that the Yb‐O coordination associated with coordinated water molecules has significantly contributed to this reversible effect. Moreover, using this approach, the prime quencher OH can be switched to CH in the wet‐chemistry annealing process, resulting in the electron‐phonon coupling probability change. This study provides the molecular level insights and dynamics of the surface dark layer of luminescent nanocrystals.
Boosting Production of HCOOH from CO2 Electroreduction via Bi/CeOx
Authors: Duan Yan‐Xin , Zhou Yi‐Tong , Yu Zhen , Liu Dong‐Xue , Wen Zi , Yan Jun‐Min , Jiang Qing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFormic acid (HCOOH) is one of the most promising chemical fuels that can be produced through CO2 electroreduction. However, most of the catalysts for CO2 electroreduction to HCOOH in aqueous solution often suffer from low current density and limited production rate. Herein, we provide a bismuth/cerium oxide (Bi/CeOx) catalyst, which exhibits not only high current density (149 mA cm−2), but also unprecedented production rate (2600 μmol h−1 cm−2) with high Faradaic efficiency (FE, 92 %) for HCOOH generation in aqueous media. Furthermore, Bi/CeOx also shows favorable stability over 34 h. We hope this work could offer an attractive and promising strategy to develop efficient catalysts for CO2 electroreduction with superior activity and desirable stability.
Structure‐Guided Discovery of a Potent and Selective Cell‐Active Inhibitor of SETDB1 Tudor Domain
Authors: Guo Yinping , Mao Xin , Xiong Liang , Xia Anjie , You Jing , Lin Guifeng , Wu Chengyong , Huang Luyi , Wang Yiwei , Yang Shengyong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSET domain bifurcated protein 1 (SETDB1) is a histone lysine methyltransferase that promotes the silencing of some tumour suppressor genes and is overexpressed in many cancers. SETDB1 contains a unique tandem tudor domain (TTD) that recognizes histone H3 sequences containing both methylated and acetylated lysines. Beginning with the identification of a hit compound (Cpd1), we discovered the first potent and selective small molecule SETDB1‐TTD inhibitor (R,R)‐59 through stepwise structure‐guided optimization. (R,R)‐59 showed a KD value of 0.088±0.045 μM in the ITC assay. The high potency of (R,R)‐59 was well explained by the cocrystal structure of the (R,R)‐59‐TTD complex. (R,R)‐59 is an endogenous binder competitive inhibitor. Evidence has also demonstrated its cellular target engagement. Interestingly, the enantiomer (S,S)‐59 did not show activity in all the assays, highlighting the potential of (R,R)‐59 as a tool compound in exploring the biological functions of SETDB1‐TTD.
Preface: 9th international workshop on astronomy and relativistic astrophysics: From quarks to cosmos
Authors: Zen Vasconcellos César A. , Hess Peter O. , Piccinelli Gabriella , Magaña Mariana Vargas , Ureña‐Lopez Luis Arturo , Felipe Ricardo Gonzalez , Boller Thomas , Gullberg Steven 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe outline our experience in organizing the 9th edition of the International Workshop on Astronomy and Relativistic Astrophysics: from Quarks to Cosmos, in virtual format, denominated IWARA2020 Video Conference, held from 6 to 12 September, 2020. The IWARA 2020 Video Conference aimed to bring together leading academic scientists, professors, students, and research scholars for exchanging experiences and research results and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, concerns, practical challenges, and solutions adopted in the research fields within the scope of the conference. The IWARA 2020 Video Conference offered to the participants a platform for scientific and academic projects, partnerships, and presentation of high‐quality research contributions describing original and unpublished results on several topics related as new phenomena and new states of matter in the Universe, general relativity, gravitation, cosmology, dwarf stars, neutron and exotic stars, pulsars, black holes, GRBs, astroparticles and nuclear physics, QCD and heavy‐ion reactions, quantum gravity and quantum cosmology, gravitational‐wave astronomy, dark energy, dark matter, strange matter, high‐energy cosmic rays, galaxies, blazars and quasars, strong magnetic fields in the Universe as well as laboratories, observatories, telescopes, and other experimental and observational facilities that will define the future directions of astrophysics, astronomy, cosmology, nuclear and astroparticle physics and the future of physics at the energy frontiers, and topics related to these.
A timed Phalen’s test predicts abnormal electrophysiology in carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Alanazy Mohammed H. , Albulaihe Hana , Alhumayyd Ziad , Albarrak Anas M. , Abuzinadah Ahmad R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies reported variable sensitivity and specificity of the Phalen test. We investigated whether a timed Phalen’s test (TPT) could predict abnormal nerve conduction studies (NCS) results in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).MethodsPatients with CTS were consecutively recruited. A neurologist confirmed the clinical diagnosis of CTS and recorded the TPT before NCS were performed. Another neurologist, blinded to the TPT, graded the severity of NCS. The TPT sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated.ResultsIn total, 403 patients with 706 hands were recruited and diagnosed with CTS; 465 hands had positive TPT, and 611 hands showed abnormal NCS results. A positive TPT at ≤ 10 s had a specificity of 96.8% and a PPV of 96.6% in predicting abnormal NCS. The sensitivity and NPV of TPT were insignificant.DiscussionA positive TPT at ≤ 10 s can be useful in predicting NCS abnormalities in patients with CTS.
Interactive learning in the classroom: A mobile augmented reality assistance application for learning
Authors: Yoon Jong‐Chul , Kang HyeongYeop 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe rapid evolution of augmented reality (AR) technology has presented new opportunities in the domain of education. Acting as a bridge between the virtual and real worlds, AR technology overcomes the physical limitations of our classrooms at a low cost and provides an interactive learning experience. In this study, we present a smartphone AR application, named the AR‐E‐Helper, which assists the learning of students in higher education lectures. Our goal is to provide an AR‐enhanced learning experience for students. To validate the effectiveness of the AR‐E‐Helper, we conducted an experiment that compares three classes: AR‐enhanced, smartphone‐enhanced, and nontechnology‐enhanced classes. Through the experiment, we observed that our application was helpful in maintaining student's focus in class, promoting their interest, and increasing their satisfaction. Furthermore, we also found how to improve our application based on the observations that the application brought some downsides to the learning activities. We expect that this study will be helpful to design AR learning tools in the future.
Air Stable Iridium Catalysts for Direct Reductive Amination of Ketones
Authors: Polishchuk Iuliia , Sklyaruk Jan , Lebedev Yury , Rueping Magnus 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHalf‐sandwich iridium complexes bearing bidentate urea‐phosphorus ligands were found to catalyze the direct reductive amination of aromatic and aliphatic ketones under mild conditions at 0.5 mol % loading with high selectivity towards primary amines. One of the complexes was found to be active in both the Leuckart–Wallach (NH4CO2H) type reaction as well as in the hydrogenative (H2/NH4AcO) reductive amination. The protocol with ammonium formate does not require an inert atmosphere, dry solvents, as well as additives and in contrast to previous reports takes place in hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) instead of methanol. Applying NH4CO2D or D2 resulted in a high degree of deuterium incorporation into the primary amine α‐position.
A Molecular Low‐Coordinate [Fe‐S‐Fe] Unit in Three Oxidation States
Authors: Schneider Christian , Demeshko Serhiy , Meyer Franc , Werncke C. Gunnar 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA [Fe‐S‐Fe] subunit with a single sulfide bridging two low‐coordinate iron ions is the supposed active site of the iron‐molybdenum co‐factor (FeMoco) of nitrogenase. Here we report a dinuclear monosulfido bridged diiron(II) complex with a similar complex geometry that can be oxidized stepwise to diiron(II/III) and diiron(III/III) complexes while retaining the [Fe‐S‐Fe] core. The series of complexes has been characterized crystallographically, and electronic structures have been studied using, inter alia, 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and SQUID magnetometry. Further, cleavage of the [Fe‐S‐Fe] unit by CS2 is presented.
Notwendigkeit und Vermarktung von Flexibilitätsoptionen im Energiesystem der Zukunft
Authors: Zipperling Erik , Dahlmann Benedikt , Zdrallek Markus , Derksen Christian , Eicker Stefan , Serafin Heiko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnsprüche an Erzeugung, Verteilung und Verbrauch elektrischer Energie wandeln sich mit der Energiewende fundamental. Energiebezugskosten unflexibler Verbraucher steigen und Erlöse unflexibler Erzeuger sinken. Unternehmen können mit der Vermarktung von Flexibilitäten Kosten senken. Dieser Artikel legt die Notwendigkeit von Flexibilität im Energiesystem und die neuen Vermarktungsoptionen dar. Im vorgestellten Forschungsprojekt FlexChemistry werden Flexibilitätspotenziale der Intrastrukturanlagen eines Chemieparks systematisch untersucht, hinsichtlich ihrer Vermarktung bewertet und aktiviert.
A Phase 1 Study of KHK4083: A Single‐Blind, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Single‐Ascending‐Dose Study in Healthy Adults and an Open‐Label Multiple‐Dose Study in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Furihata Kenichi , Ishiguro Yoh , Yoshimura Naoki , Ito Hiroaki , Katsushima Shinji , Kaneko Etsuji , Shimabe Munetake , Mukai Mayumi , Watanabe Risa , Morishige Takuya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOX40 plays an essential role in maintaining late T‐cell proliferation and survival by suppressing apoptosis and by inducing T‐cell memory formation. Here, we report the results of the phase 1 study of KHK4083, a fully human antimonoclonal antibody specific for OX40. In this study, we aimed to assess the safety and tolerability of a single intravenous or subcutaneous administration of KHK4083 compared with placebo in healthy Japanese and Caucasian subjects and determined the pharmacokinetics (PK) and immunogenicity. Also, we assessed the preliminary efficacy and pharmacodynamics of multiple intravenous doses in Japanese patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC). Drug‐related treatment emergent adverse events occurred in 21 healthy subjects (58.3%) and 5 patients with UC (62.5%) after administration of KHK4083. There were no serious adverse events. The PK profile of a single intravenous dose of 10 mg/kg KHK4083 was similar in healthy Japanese and Caucasian subjects. Of 8 UC patients, a clinical response was observed in 3 patients (37.5%) and clinical remission in 2 patients (25.0%) in week 6. Our study demonstrated the safety and tolerability of single and multiple administrations of KHK4083 in healthy Japanese and Caucasian subjects and Japanese patients with moderate to severe UC. It also indicated favorable pharmacological properties of the drug.
Gene x responsive parenting interactions in social development: Characterizing heterogeneity in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Caplan Barbara , Blacher Jan , Eisenhower Abbey , Baker Bruce L. , Lee Steve S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEmerging research suggests that caregiving environments and genetic variants independently contribute to social functioning in children with typical development or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, biologically plausible interactive models and complimentary assessment of mechanisms are needed to: (a) explain considerable social heterogeneity, (b) resolve inconsistencies in the literature, and (c) develop and select optimal treatments based on individual differences. This study examined the role of child genotypes and responsive parenting in the social development of 104 children with ASD (ages 4–7 years). We utilized a longitudinal, multi‐informant design and structural equation models to evaluate: (a) the additive and interactive effects of biologically plausible candidate genes (5‐HTTLPR, OXTR, DRD4) and responsive parenting in predicting prospective social development in ASD across three time points spanning 1.5 years, and (b) whether child emotion regulation mediated observed gene x environment interactions (GxEs). Responsive parenting positively predicted prospective change in child social skills; these associations were moderated by 5‐HTTLPR and DRD4 in teacher‐report models, and DRD4 in parent‐report models. No GxE effects were found for OXTR. Emotion regulation did not significantly mediate the GxEs involving 5‐HTTLPR and DRD4. Acknowledging the complexities of GxE research, implications for future research, and targeted intervention efforts are discussed.
Causal inference for quantile treatment effects
Authors: Sun Shuo , Moodie Erica E. M. , Nešlehová Johanna G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAnalyses of environmental phenomena often are concerned with understanding unlikely events such as floods, heatwaves, droughts, or high concentrations of pollutants. Yet the majority of the causal inference literature has focused on modeling means, rather than (possibly high) quantiles. We define a general estimator of the population quantile treatment (or exposure) effects (QTE)—the weighted QTE (WQTE)—of which the population QTE is a special case, along with a general class of balancing weights incorporating the propensity score (PS). Asymptotic properties of the proposed WQTE estimators are derived. We further propose and compare PS regression and two weighted methods based on these balancing weights to understand the causal effect of an exposure on quantiles, allowing for the exposure to be binary, discrete, or continuous. Finite sample behavior of the three estimators is studied in simulation. The proposed methods are applied to data taken from the Bavarian Danube catchment area to estimate the 95% QTE of phosphorus on copper concentration in the river.
Ex vivo three‐dimensional elemental imaging of mouse brain tissue block by laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Lin Qingyu , Wang Shuai , Duan Yixiang , Tuchin Valery V 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMeasurement and reconstruction of an elemental image of large brain tissue will be beneficial to the diagnosis of neurological brain diseases. Herein, laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is introduced for three dimensional (3D) elemental analysis of paraffin‐embedded mouse brain tissue blocks. It is used for the first time towards the mapping of mouse brain block samples. A micro‐LIBS prototype is developed for brain elemental imaging and a layer‐by‐layer approach is used to reconstruct the 3D distribution of Ca, Mg, Na, Cu, and P in the brain tissue. Images are captured with 50 μm lateral resolution and 300 μm depth resolution. The images show that the reclamation area of the cortex surface is enriched with Ca and Mg. In contrast, the Cu distribution is circular and is found primarily in the entirety of the cerebral cortex for the paraffin‐embedded brain samples. Elemental imaging results suggest that the highest P intensity is found in the cerebellum nearby the middle sagittal plane in the left‐brain paraffin block. These preliminary results indicate that LIBS is a potentially powerful tool for elemental bioimaging of the whole brain and may further improve the understanding of complex brain mechanisms.
Hemostatic strategies for uncontrolled bleeding: A comprehensive update
Authors: Malik Annum , Rehman Fiza Ur , Shah Kifayat Ullah , Naz Syeda Sohaila , Qaisar Sara 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUncontrolled bleeding remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the entire macrocosm. It refers to excessive loss of blood that occurs inside of body, due to unsuccessful platelet plug formation at the injury site. It is not only limited to the battlefield, but remains the second leading cause of death amongst the civilians, as a result of traumatic injury. Startlingly, there are no effective treatments currently available, to cater the issue of internal bleeding, even though early intervention is of utmost significance in minimizing the mortality rates associated with it. The fatal issue of uncontrolled bleeding is ineffectively being dealt with the use of pressure dressings, tourniquet, and surgical procedures. This is not a practical approach in combat arenas or in emergency situations, where the traumatic injury inflicted is deep inside the body, and cannot be addressed externally, by the application of topical dressings. This review focuses on the traditional hemostatic agents that are used to augment the process of hemostasis, such as mineral zeolites, chitosan based products, biologically active agents, anti‐fibrinolytics, absorbable agents, and albumin and glutaraldehyde, as well as the micro‐ and nano‐based hemostatic agents such as synthocytes, thromboerythrocytes, thrombosomes, and the synthetic platelets.
γ‐Fe2O3@HAp@PBABMD@Cu magnetic nanoparticles: Efficient, green, and recyclable novel nanocatalyst for the synthesis of densely functionalized pyrrole‐pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine hybrids
Authors: Saberikhah Elham , Mamaghani Manouchehr , Mahmoodi Nosrat Ollah 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA green heterogeneous nanocatalyst, Cu(II)‐PBABMD complex immobilized on core‐shell magnetic γ‐Fe2O3@HAp, was successfully designed, synthesized, and characterized by FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, VSM, TGA, BET, ICP‐OES, and TEM techniques. The magnetic Cu(II) nanocatalyst was employed as a novel, ecofriendly, recyclable, and safe catalyst for the one‐pot, three‐component condensation of 6‐amino‐2‐thioxo‐2,3‐dihydropyrimidin‐4(1H)‐one, 3‐(1‐methyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)‐3‐oxopropanenitrile and aromatic aldehydes to produce new pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine derivatives, in refluxing EtOH with excellent yield (90–97%) and short reaction time (8–13 min). The nanocatalyst was used and recycled in eight runs without significant leaching or loss of its catalytic activity.
Diagnostic value of macrophage inhibitory cytokine 1 as a novel prognostic biomarkers for early gastric cancer screening
Authors: Ge Xin , Zhang Xiaolei , Ma Yanling , Chen Shaohua , Chen Zhaowu , Li Ming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundEarly diagnosis is very important to improve the survival rate of patients with gastric cancer (GC), especially in asymptomatic participants. However, low sensitivity of common biomarkers has caused difficulties in early screening of GC. In this study, we explored whether MIC‐1 can improve the detection rate of early GC.MethodsWe screened 8257 participants based on risk factors such as age, gender, and family history for physical examination including gastroscopy. Participant blood samples were taken for measure MIC‐1, CA‐199, CA72‐4, and PG1/PG2 levels. The diagnostic performance of MIC‐1 was assessed and compared with CA‐199, CA72‐4, and PG1/PG2, and its role in early GC diagnosis and the assessment of the risk of precancerous lesions have also been studied.ResultsBased on endoscopic and histopathological findings, 55 participants had GC, 566 participants had low‐grade neoplasia, and 2605 participants had chronic gastritis. MIC‐1 levels were significantly elevated in GC serum samples as compared to controls (P < .001). The sensitivity of serum MIC‐1 for GC diagnosis was much higher than that of CA‐199 (49.1% vs 20.0%) with similar specificities. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis also showed that serum MIC‐1 had a better performance compared with CA‐199, CA72‐4, and PG1/PG2 in distinguishing early‐stage GC (AUC: 72.9% vs 69.5%, 67.5%, 44.0%, respectively).ConclusionsSerum MIC‐1 is significantly elevated in most patients with early GC. MIC‐1 can serve as a novel diagnostic marker of early GC and value the risk of GC.
THE ILLUSIONS OF SUCCESS
Authors: Douglas Holladay J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe author reflects on life lessons drawn from a varied career in business, government service, and education. Examples of meaning and purpose are drawn from interactions with individuals ranging from a Morgan Stanley banker to Mother Teresa. Topics such as loneliness and isolation are explored, and statistics are cited about recent suicide rates. The author notes that “after four decades of working closely with leaders, observing them and listening to their deepest thoughts and concerns, I have distilled the pursuit of meaning and purpose into eight practices.” In brief, those practices are (1) know and live your own story, (2) maintain deep connections in your core relationships, (3) regularly express gratitude, (4) learn to forgive and serve, (5) define success and failure for yourself, (6) make sure risk continues to play a role in your life, (7) integrate your life, rather than compartmentalizing it, and (8) work to leave a legacy for others. Solitude is also essential and provides the space to reflect upon our lives, relationships, challenges, and blessings. Solitude differs from loneliness. Solitude fills our hearts with gratitude and renewed energy for living. Loneliness kills our very souls and often spirals into sadness and despair.
LEADERS DEVELOPING LEADERS
Authors: Archambeau Shellye 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe author contends that despite the importance of developing the next generation of organizational leaders, the results to date have been frustrating. Various failures are enumerated and outlined: program failures, personal failures, and institutional failures. Organizations must develop a “bench” of developing leaders who can move into increasingly senior positions. Chief executive officers (CEOs) must be involved and engaged, and not completely leave it up to their senior teams. The CEO should help people recognize talent in high‐potential people in the areas of competence, motivation, and interpersonal skills. The planning process is outlined in detail; leaders should share their knowledge about goals and timelines, and that there are two jobs for every level someone hits, and that each new level represents a new starting point. Flexibility belongs in a plan, and resilience is critical. It is important to take risks and to create an environment that supports risk taking. The latter inevitably involves some failure. The importance of mentoring and sponsorship is discussed, with the assertion that most people and companies tend to get these areas wrong. The ongoing challenge of developing the next generation of leaders is a critical—and current—strategic challenge facing senior executives.