bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autopsy Validation of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy‐Predominant Speech/Language Disorder Criteria
Authors: Hokelekli Fatma Ozlem , Duffy Joseph R. , Clark Heather M. , Utianski Rene L. , Botha Hugo , Ali Farwa , Stierwalt Julie A. , Machulda Mary M. , Reichard R. Ross , Dickson Dennis W. , Whitwell Jennifer L. , Josephs Keith A. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundProgressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) may present as a speech/language disorder (PSP‐SL).ObjectiveWe assessed pathological correlates of patients with PSP‐SL who retained the suggestive of PSP‐SL (s.o. PSP‐SL) diagnosis versus those who progressed to possible/probable (poss./prob.) PSP.MethodsThirty‐four prospectively recruited patient with s.o. PSP‐SL completed comprehensive speech/language and neurological assessments longitudinally, died, and underwent autopsy.ResultsTwelve patients (35%) evolved to poss./prob PSP, while 22 (65%) remained as s.o. PSP‐SL. Pathological diagnoses differed across the groups (P = 0.025). Patients with s.o. PSP‐SL had four different neuropathologies (corticobasal degeneration [59%], PSP [13%], Pick's disease [14%], and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP‐43 [14%]), while all patients with poss./prob. PSP had a 4R‐tauopathy (PSP [67%] and corticobasal degeneration [33%]). Development of poss./prob. PSP increased the chance of having PSP pathology by 2.38 times.ConclusionsPSP‐SL is associated with heterogenous pathologies. Evolution of PSP‐SL into poss./prob. PSP is more predictive of underlying PSP pathology than s.o. PSP‐SL. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Partial Fourier reconstruction of complex MR images using complex‐valued convolutional neural networks
Authors: Xiao Linfang , Liu Yilong , Yi Zheyuan , Zhao Yujiao , Xie Linshan , Cao Peibei , Leong Alex T. L. , Wu Ed X. 
Published: October 2021

PurposeTo provide a complex‐valued deep learning approach for partial Fourier (PF) reconstruction of complex MR images.MethodsConventional PF reconstruction methods, such as projection onto convex sets (POCS), uses low‐resolution image phase information from the central symmetrically sampled k‐space for image reconstruction. However, this smooth phase constraint undermines the phase estimation accuracy in presence of rapid local phase variations, causing image artifacts and limiting the extent of PF reconstruction. Using both magnitude and phase characteristics in big complex image datasets, we propose a complex‐valued deep learning approach with an unrolled network architecture for PF reconstruction that iteratively reconstructs PF sampled data and enforces data consistency. We evaluate our approach for reconstructing both spin‐echo and gradient‐echo data.ResultsThe proposed method outperformed the iterative POCS PF reconstruction method. It produced better artifact suppression and recovery of both image magnitude and phase details in presence of local phase changes. No noise amplification was observed even for highly PF reconstruction. Moreover, the network trained on axial brain data could reconstruct sagittal and coronal brain and knee data. This method could be extended to 2D PF reconstruction and joint multi‐slice PF reconstruction.ConclusionOur proposed method can effectively reconstruct MR data even at low PF fractions, yielding high‐fidelity magnitude and phase images. It presents a valuable alternative to conventional PF reconstruction, especially for phase‐sensitive 2D or 3D MRI applications.
A new method to determine stretch reflex latency
Authors: Topkara Betilay , Aydin Tugba , Corum Mustafa , Karaoglu Ayse , Ekici Zincirci Dilara , S Bugdayci Derya , Ones Kadriye , Paker Nurdan , Kesiktas Nur , Karacan Ilhan , Türker Kemal S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsMotion artifact signals (MASs) created by the relative movement of intramuscular wire electrodes are an indicator of the mechanical stimulus arrival time to the muscle belly. This study proposes a method that uses wire electrodes as an intramuscular mechanosensor to determine the stretch reflex (SR) latency without lag time.MethodsGastrocnemius SR was induced by tendon tap, heel tap, and forefoot tap. The MASs recorded by intramuscular wire electrodes were extracted from background electromyographic activity using the spike‐triggered averaging technique. Simultaneous recordings were obtained from multiple sites to validate the MAS technique.ResultsUsing intramuscular wire electrodes, the MASs were successfully determined and extracted for all stimulus sites. In the records from the rectus femoris, MASs were also successfully extracted; thus, the reflex latency could be calculated.DiscussionWire electrodes can be used as an intramuscular mechanosensor to determine the mechanical stimulus arrival time to the muscle belly.
Autonomous traffic at intersections: An optimization‐based analysis of possible time, energy, and CO savings
Authors: Le Do Duc , Merkert Maximilian , Sorgatz Stephan , Hahn Mirko , Sager Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the field of autonomous driving, traffic‐light‐controlled intersections are of special interest. We analyze how much an optimized coordination of vehicles and infrastructure can contribute to efficient transit through these bottlenecks, depending on traffic density and certain regulations of traffic lights. To this end, we develop a mixed‐integer linear programming model to describe the interaction between traffic lights and discretized traffic flow. It is based on a microscopic traffic model with centrally controlled autonomous vehicles. We aim to determine a globally optimal traffic flow for given scenarios on a simple, but extensible, urban road network. The resulting models are very challenging to solve, in particular when involving additional realistic traffic‐light regulations such as minimum red and green times. While solving times exceed real‐time requirements, our model allows an estimation of the maximum performance gains due to improved communication and serves as a benchmark for heuristic and decentralized approaches.
A case of well‐healed foot amputation in early China (8th–5th centuries BCE)
Authors: Zhang Xuhui , Zhan Xiaoya , Ding Yan , Li Yanfeng , Yeh Hui‐Yuan , Chen Liang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis research is intended to report on a case of healed foot amputation in Central Plains, China, and to provide a differential diagnosis on the amputation. The material used is an adult skeleton, dating back to 8th–5th Centuries BCE, from Chongpingyuan site, Shaanxi, China. The methods used are macroscopic observations, microscope, and X‐ray. Macroscopic observations indicated that the individual of interest was probably a male, around 50 to 70 years old, with a stature around 168.51 cm. Nearly one third of the distal end of his left tibia and fibula was absent, and the surface was remodeled with obvious signs of healing. Meanwhile, this individual suffered from osteoarthritis, lumbosacral transitional vertebrae, and several oral pathologies. Osteoarthritis was more profoundly found on the right limbs. Yue penalty (刖刑), which is often seen on scripts and artifacts in Bronze Age China, was an explanation for this amputation, while surgery amputation or traumatic incident cannot be entirely excluded. Contemporary images and artifacts of amputees suggested the usage of crutches. The social status and possibility of punitive amputation lead to the argument that this individual was unlikely to receive positive treatments after amputation. This study supplements the current research of ancient amputation in early China and provides an opportunity to look at the penal system and medical knowledge of the Zhou Dynasty. The absence of cutting marks left a questionable point with regards to the tools used for amputations.
Policies to address weight discrimination and bullying: Perspectives of adults engaged in weight management from six nations
Authors: Puhl Rebecca M. , Lessard Leah M. , Pearl Rebecca L. , Grupski Allison , Foster Gary D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveAcross the world, it remains legal to discriminate against people because of their weight. Although US studies demonstrate public support for laws to prohibit weight discrimination, multinational research is scarce. The present study conducted a multinational comparison of support for legislative measures to address weight discrimination and bullying across six countries.MethodsParticipants were adults (n = 13,996) enrolled in an international weight‐management program and residing in Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the UK, and the US. Participants completed identical online surveys that assessed support for antidiscrimination laws and policies to address weight bullying, demographic characteristics, and personal experiences of weight stigma.ResultsAcross countries, support was high for laws (90%) and policies (92%) to address weight‐based bullying, whereas greater between‐country variation emerged in support for legislation to address weight‐based discrimination in employment (61%, 79%), as a human rights issue (57%), and through existing disability protections (47%). Findings highlight few and inconsistent links between policy support and sociodemographic correlates or experienced or internalized weight stigma.ConclusionsSupport for policies to address weight stigma is present among people engaged in weight management across Westernized countries; findings offer an informative comparison point for future cross‐country research and can inform policy discourse to address weight discrimination and bullying.
Preparation and properties of foamed cellulose acetate/polylactic acid blends
Authors: Zhang Chenghao , Wan Lei , Gu Han , Hu Qipeng , Ding Yajun , Ying Sanjiu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn order to improve the foaming performance of pure cellulose acetate (CA), blends were prepared by mixing polylactic acid (PLA) in CA and foamed by supercritical CO2 (ScCO2) in this study. The effect of PLA content (percentage by mass of blend) on structure, thermal properties, rheological properties, foaming properties and mechanical properties of the blends was investigated. The results showed that the addition of PLA destroyed the original hydrogen bonds of CA, while the blends had good crystallization properties. At the same time, compared with pure CA, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the blends decreased, and the initial decomposition temperature (T0) was reduced from 349.41°C (pure CA) to 334.68°C (CA/20%PLA). In addition, the rheological properties of the blends were improved, and the viscosity was reduced, which was obviously beneficial to foaming process. The pore size and density of the foamed blends both reached the maximum value at 20%PLA. The presence of PLA could degrade the mechanical properties of the blends. However, the overall drop (1.01 KJ/m2) of impact strength of the blends after foaming is much smaller than that before foaming (12.11 KJ/m2), indicating that the improvement of foaming performance was beneficial to improve its impact strength.
Recombinant botulinum neurotoxin serotype A1 in vivo characterization
Authors: Périer Cindy , Martin Vincent , Cornet Sylvie , Favre‐Guilmard Christine , Rocher Marie‐Noelle , Bindler Julien , Wagner Stéphanie , Andriambeloson Emile , Rudkin Brian B. , Marty Rudy , Vignaud Alban , Beard Matthew , Lezmi Stephane , Kalinichev Mikhail 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClinically used botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are natural products of Clostridium botulinum. A novel, recombinant BoNT type A1 (rBoNT/A1; IPN10260) has been synthesized using the native amino acid sequence expressed in Escherichia coli and has previously been characterized in vitro and ex vivo. Here, we aimed to characterize rBoNT/A1 in vivo and evaluate its effects on skeletal muscle. The properties of rBoNT/A1 following single, intramuscular administration were evaluated in the mouse and rat digit abduction score (DAS) assays and compared with those of natural BoNT/A1 (nBoNT/A1). rBoNT/A1‐injected tibialis anterior was assessed in the in situ muscle force test in rats. rBoNT/A1‐injected gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) muscle was assessed in the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) test in rats. The rBoNT/A1‐injected GL muscle was evaluated for muscle weight, volume, myofiber composition and immunohistochemical detection of cleaved SNAP25 (c‐SNAP25). Results showed that rBoNT/A1 and nBoNT/A1 were equipotent and had similar onset and duration of action in both mouse and rat DAS assays. rBoNT/A1 caused a dose‐dependent inhibition of muscle force and a rapid long‐lasting reduction in CMAP amplitude that lasted for at least 30 days. Dose‐dependent reductions in GL weight and volume and increases in myofiber atrophy were accompanied by immunohistochemical detection of c‐SNAP25. Overall, rBoNT/A1 and nBoNT/A1 exhibited similar properties following intramuscular administration. rBoNT/A1 inhibited motoneurons neurotransmitter release, which was robust, long‐lasting, and accompanied by cleavage of SNAP25. rBoNT/A1 is a useful tool molecule for comparison with current natural and future modified recombinant neurotoxins products.
Experiment on influence of inert powder on deflagration of oil shale dust research
Authors: Chen Guowei , Meng Xiangbao , Li Xuan , Yan Ke , Liu Yong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo study the effect of inert powder on the deflagration of oil shale dust, the Hartmann tube experiment device and 20 L spherical explosion experiment device were used. The effects of three kinds of inert powder (KH2PO4, NaHCO3, Al(OH)3) and widely used rock powder (CaCO3) on the deflagration of oil shale dust in different proportions were studied. The results show that the four inert powders can effectively dilute the concentration of oil shale dust cloud, slow down the reaction rate, delay the flame propagation, and reduce the maximum flame propagation speed. When 50 wt% KH2PO4, NaHCO3, CaCO3, Al(OH)3 inert powder is added, the maximum flame propagation speed is 44.14%, 41.11%, 31.79%, 58.96%, and the maximum explosion pressure drop is 70.0%, 66.0%, 59.5%, 77.0%. When Al(OH)3 was added at 10 wt%, 30 wt%, and 50 wt%, the combustion time of oil shale was extended to 162.7, 223.4, and 321.5 ms, respectively. With the addition of Al(OH)3, the time from ignition time to maximum explosion pressure of oil shale dust increases gradually, the maximum flame propagation distance is shortened obviously, the maximum flame propagation speed and maximum explosion pressure drop the most, and the effect of inhibiting oil shale dust deflagration flame is the best.
Simultaneous primary hyperparathyroidism and multiple myeloma in a dog with hypercalcaemia
Authors: Sztukowski Keira , Gin Taylor , Neel Jennifer , Lunn Katharine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA 14‐year‐old male castrated Pomeranian was found to be hypercalcaemic and hyperglobulinaemic during investigation of anorexia and haematochezia. Ionised hypercalcaemia, increased serum parathyroid hormone concentration, normophosphatemia and a parathyroid nodule found on cervical ultrasound examination were diagnostic for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Thoracic radiographs revealed ovoid lytic lesions in multiple bones. To investigate the hyperglobulinaemia, serum electrophoresis and immunoglobulin (Ig) quantification were performed, revealing an IgA biclonal gammopathy. Bone marrow cytopathology confirmed multiple myeloma (MM). Following bilateral parathyroidectomy, the dog's hypercalcaemia resolved, and pulse‐dose chemotherapy with prednisone and melphalan was initiated to treat MM. To the authors' knowledge, this is a unique case report of simultaneous PHPT and MM in the veterinary literature, diseases that are rarely reported concurrently in humans. This case highlights the need to thoroughly investigate multiple problems when they are not explained by a single diagnosis.
Physico‐chemical characterization of littoral water of Lake Kivu (Southern basin, Central Africa) and use of water quality index to assess their anthropogenic disturbances
Authors: Hyangya Béni Lwikitcha , Riziki Jacques Walumona , Masilya Pascal Mulungula , Zabene François Zagabe , Alunga Georges Lufungula , Kaningini Boniface Mwenyemali , Kankonda Alidor Busanga 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFreshwater ecosystems provide many services such as moderation of the local microclimate and a source of water and food for riparian communities. It is also a preferred habitat for many organisms such as plankton, benthic macroinvertebrates and fish. However, these ecosystems are among the most affected by various anthropogenic threats that modify water quality and ecological processes, thus affecting biodiversity. The objective of this study was the spatio‐temporal characterization of physico‐chemical littoral water parameters and the assessment of anthropogenic disturbance on the littoral zone by a water quality index (WQI). Physico‐chemical water quality data including temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, TDS, turbidity, SiO2, PO43−, NO2−, and NH4+ were collected from January to December 2018. They were used to calculate the WQI to assess water quality according to aquatic life, using limits values of Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME), United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and Australian and New Zeland Environment and Conservation Council (ANZECC). PO43− is out of range in all the stations while NO2− and Turbidity are out of range in some of the anthropized stations according to ANZECC, CCME, and USEPA recommended values for aquatic life. The WQI values range from medium to good and the high WQI values obtained in the non‐anthropized stations that reflect the negative influence of human disturbance on water quality in the Lake littoral zone. The results suggest the need for an integrated lake watershed management system in order to maintain the ecological functions of the lake and support livelihoods from the lake.
Modular symmetry and zeros in magnetic compactifications
Authors: Tatsuta Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We discuss the modular symmetry and zeros of zero-mode wave functions on two-dimensional torus T2 and toroidal orbifolds T2/ℤN (N = 2, 3, 4, 6) with a background homogeneous magnetic field. As is well-known, magnetic flux contributes to the index in the Atiyah-Singer index theorem. The zeros in magnetic compactifications therefore play an important role, as investigated in a series of recent papers. Focusing on the zeros and their positions, we study what type of boundary conditions must be satisfied by the zero modes after the modular transformation. The consideration in this paper justifies that the boundary conditions are common before and after the modular transformation.
Gesundheit und Gesundheitsversorgung von trans Personen während der COVID‑19-Pandemie: Eine Online-Querschnittstudie in deutschsprachigen Ländern
Authors: Szücs Daria , Köhler Andreas , Holthaus Mika M. , Güldenring Annette , Balk Lena , Motmans Joz , Nieder Timo O. 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung und Ziel
Seit dem Frühjahr 2020 hat die COVID‑19-Pandemie nahezu alle Bereiche des gesellschaftlichen Lebens erheblich eingeschränkt, was bei vielen Menschen sowohl zu psychischen als auch zu körperlichen Belastungen geführt hat. In diesem Artikel nehmen wir die Situation von trans Personen in den Blick, die infolge ihrer gesellschaftlichen Diskriminierung und Marginalisierung sowie spezifischer, gesundheitsbezogener Anliegen durch eine besondere Vulnerabilität gekennzeichnet sein können.

Methoden
Unter Beachtung partizipativer Elemente haben wir mit einer Online-Querschnitterhebung im Zeitraum vom 01.05.2020 bis zum 31.01.2021 die psychische und physische Gesundheit von trans Personen im deutschsprachigen Raum sowie deren Zugang zur Trans-Gesundheitsversorgung während der COVID‑19-Pandemie untersucht.

Ergebnisse
Trans Personen erleben seit Beginn der COVID‑19-Pandemie vermehrt Barrieren sowohl bei geschlechtsangleichenden Behandlungen und psychosozialen Unterstützungsangeboten als auch im Bereich der COVID‑19-bezogenen medizinischen Versorgung. Im Vergleich zur Gesamtbevölkerung berichten sie übermäßig häufig von somatischen Erkrankungen, auch von solchen, die ein erhöhtes Risiko für schwere Verläufe einer COVID‑19-Infektion darstellen. Außerdem berichten die Teilnehmenden verschiedene Faktoren, die ein Risiko für eine erhöhte psychische Belastung darstellen können (z. B. Zugehörigkeit zu einer Minderheit aufgrund nicht-heterosexueller Orientierung, niedriges Einkommen).

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse unserer Untersuchung weisen darauf hin, dass bisherige Vulnerabilitäten für gesundheitliche Probleme und der eingeschränkte Zugang zu einer qualifiziert informierten Trans-Gesundheitsversorgung durch die Folgen der COVID‑19-Pandemie verschärft wurden.
Bullöses Pemphigoid mit Aussparung eines Armes nach axillärer Lymphadenektomie
Authors: Janßen S. , Homey B. , Jansen T. M. 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungWir präsentieren den Fall einer 83-jährigen Patientin mit einem bullösen Pemphigoid (BP) unter Aussparung des linken Armes bei Zustand nach axillärer Lymphadenektomie nach Mammakarzinom. Lokalisierte Formen des bullösen Pemphigoids treten v. a. bei Lymphödemen oder nach Radiatio auf. Das Fehlen des Blasenbefalls nach einer Lymphadenektomie stellt eine seltene und interessante Manifestation dar. Pathophysiologisch könnte durch den Rückgang der T‑Zell-Aktivierung bei fehlenden peripheren Lymphknoten und somit vermindertem entzündlichem Infiltrat die Blasenbildung abgeschwächt sein bzw. vollkommen ausbleiben.
Gender-specific analysis of the authors and the editorial board of Naunyn–Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Zehetbauer Rebecca , von Haugwitz Florentin , Seifert Roland 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMotivated by the worldwide debate on gender equality, we analyzed the gender structure of the authors and the editorial board of Naunyn–Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology. We wrote an algorithm to assign authors’ first names to a gender to determine the gender distribution of publications. We evaluated publications from German research institutes from 2000 to 2020. This resulted in a data set of 2929 authors. We could assign a first name to almost all authors. The percentage of female authors increased until 2008, but thereafter stagnated at around 30%. The position of senior author is far less often held by women (around 15%). Even though multiple political measures were implemented to increase the female participation, our analysis has shown no increase regardless. We also observed a strong decrease in German authorship (both male and female) since 2000. In the editorial board and for advisory editors, there has been a substantial increase in the proportion of women since 2016 as the result of appointments by the editor-in-chief. We discuss the strengths and limitations of our study in context with the literature and current developments in society and science and methodological pitfalls of studies in this field. More research is required to obtain a full picture of gender structure in science and to be able to properly interpret the data.