bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monograph of Carex section Schiedeanae (Cyperaceae): Unexpected taxonomic and ecological diversity in a Mexican sedge clade
Authors: Reznicek Anton A. , González‐Elizondo María del Socorro , Hahn Marlene , Garner Mira , Hipp Andrew L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Carex section Schiedeanae (subg. Euthyceras) has long been thought to comprise at most five species of Mexican sedges. Our morphological studies in the field and herbarium, however, supported by more recent DNA sequencing work, demonstrate that the section is, in fact, three times as species‐rich, making it one of the largest sections in Mexico. Its 15 species range from Chihuahua to Tamaulipas south to Veracruz and Oaxaca; a single species, Carex muriculata, extends into the United States. The section has unusual inflorescences with simple (except in Carex complexa), uniformly androgynous, sessile spikes, utriculiform cladoprophylls, and perigynia with a unique combination of pubescence types composed of papillae; unicellular, simple hairs; and (in many species) multicellular tubercles. We recognize five previously described species (C. muriculata, Carex perstricta, Carex schiedeana, Carex stellata, and Carex vizarronensis) and describe 10 additional species (Carex angustilepis, Carex cabralii, Carex complexa, Carex dentata, Carex gypsophila, Carex mesophila, Carex paneroi, Carex planilamina, Carex revoluta, and Carex tehuacana). We have expanded the morphological features used in the section to include particularly anther, staminate scale, and style features, and more detailed micromorphology of the perigynia, especially indumentum. In total, 13 of the 15 species recognized herein, with a total of 32 individuals, were examined for ETS and ITS for phylogenetic reconstruction. Phylogenetically, the xeric species (plus C. paneroi) form a grade leading to a clade of the more mesophytic species adapted to forest understories, plus the unique cliff dwelling C. complexa.
Effect of spironolactone and benazepril on furosemide‐induced diuresis and renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system activation in normal dogs
Authors: Adin Darcy , Atkins Clarke , Wallace Gabrielle , Klein Allison 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiuretic braking during furosemide continuous rate infusion (FCRI) curtails urine production.HypothesisRenin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system (RAAS) activation mediates braking, and RAAS inhibition will increase urine production.AnimalsTen healthy purpose‐bred male dogs.MethodsDogs received placebo, benazepril, or benazepril and spironolactone PO for 3 days before a 5‐hour FCRI (0.66 mg/kg/h) in a 3‐way, randomized, blinded, cross‐over design. Body weight (BW), serum creatinine concentration (sCr), serum electrolyte concentrations, PCV, and total protein concentration were measured before PO medications, at hours 0 and 5 of FCRI, and at hour 24. During the FCRI, water intake, urine output, urine creatinine concentration, and urine electrolyte concentrations were measured hourly. Selected RAAS components were measured before and after FCRI. Variables were compared among time points and treatments.ResultsDiuretic braking and urine production were not different among treatments. Loss of BW, hemoconcentration, and decreased serum chloride concentration occurred during FCRI with incomplete recovery at hour 24 for all treatments. Although unchanged during FCRI, sCr increased and serum sodium concentration decreased at hour 24 for all treatments. Plasma aldosterone and angiotensin‐II concentrations increased significantly at hour 5 for all treatments, despite suppressed angiotensin‐converting enzyme activity during benazepril background treatment.ConclusionsThe neurohormonal profile during FCRI supports RAAS mediation of diuretic braking in this model. Background treatment with benazepril with or without spironolactone did not mitigate braking, but was well tolerated. Delayed changes in sCr and serum sodium concentration and incomplete recovery of hydration indicators caused by furosemide hold implications for clinical patients.
Circulating extracellular vesicles induce monocyte dysfunction and are associated with sepsis and high mortality in cirrhosis
Authors: Baweja Sukriti , Bihari Chhagan , Negi Preeti , Thangariyal Swati , Kumari Anupma , Lal Deepika , Maheshwari Deepanshu , Singh Maras Jaswinder , Nautiyal Nidhi , Kumar Guresh , Kumar Anupam , Trehanpati Nirupama , Mehta Gautam , Kumar Chaudhary Ashok , Maiwall Rakhi , Kumar Sarin Shiv 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundSepsis is common in cirrhosis and is often a result of immune dysregulation. Specific stimuli and pathways of inter‐cellular communications between immune cells in cirrhosis and sepsis are incompletely understood. Immune cell‐derived extracellular vesicles (EV) were studied to understand mechanisms of sepsis in cirrhosis.MethodsImmune cell‐derived EV were measured in cirrhosis patients [Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh (Child) score A, n = 15; B n = 16; C n = 43 and Child‐C with sepsis (n = 38)], and healthy controls (HC, n = 11). In vitro and in vivo functional relevance of EV in cirrhosis and associated sepsis was investigated.ResultsMonocyte, neutrophil and hematopoietic stem cells associated EV progressively increased with higher Child score (P < .001)and correlated with liver disease severity indices (r2 > 0.3, P < .001), which further increased in Child C sepsis than without sepsis(P < .001); monocyte EV showing the highest association with disease stage [P = .013; Odds ratio‐4.14(1.34‐12.42)]. A threshold level of monocyte EV of 53/µl predicted mortality in patients of Child C with sepsis [Odds ratio‐6.2 (2.4‐15.9), AUROC = 0.76, P < .01]. In vitro EV from cirrhotic with sepsis compared without sepsis, induced mobilization arrest in healthy monocytes within 4 hours (P = .004), reduced basal oxygen consumption rate (P < .001) and induced pro‐inflammatory genes (P < .05). The septic‐EV on adoptive transfer to C57/BL6J mice, induced sepsis‐like condition within 24 h with leukocytopenia (P = .005), intrahepatic inflammation with increased CD11b + cells (P = .03) and bone marrow hyperplasia (P < .01).ConclusionExtracellular vesicles induce functional impairment in circulating monocytes and contribute to the development and perpetuation of sepsis. High levels of monocyte EV correlate with mortality and can help early stratification of sicker patients.
Differential characteristics and outcomes of Asian and non‐Asian patients with HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Huang Daniel Q. , Hoang Joseph K. , Leong Jennifer , Riveiro‐Barciela Mar , Maeda Mayumi , Yang Ju Dong , Accarino Elena Vargas , Thin Khin , Trinh Lindsey , Cheung Ramsey C. , Roberts Lewis R. , Buti Maria , Schwartz Myron , Nguyen Mindie H. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsThe epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection differs between Asians and non‐Asians, but little is known regarding the effect of ethnicity on outcomes of HBV‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aim to characterize the presentation and survival outcomes in Asian and non‐Asian patients with HBV‐related HCC.MethodsWe analyzed the baseline characteristics and long‐term survival of 613 Asian and 410 non‐Asian patients with HBV‐related HCC from three US and one Spanish centre.ResultsOverall, non‐Asian patients were more likely to have HIV or hepatitis C co‐infection, cirrhosis, decompensated liver disease and advanced BCLC stage (all P ≤ .04). Compared with Asians, non‐Asians were more likely to be listed for transplantation (P < .0001) and undergo HCC treatment with curative intent (P = .003). Propensity‐score matching on HCC diagnosis year, gender and age was performed to balance the two groups for survival analysis and yielded 370 pairs of patients. There was no significant difference in survival overall (P = .43) and among patients with cirrhosis (P = .57). Among patients without cirrhosis, non‐Asians had poorer 5‐year survival compared with Asians (37.6% vs 53.7%, P = .01), and was associated with poorer survival after adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, alcohol, co‐infections, diagnosis date, antiviral therapy, BCLC stage and HCC treatment (adjusted HR 2.01 [95% CI 1.07‐3.74], P = .03).ConclusionAmong HBV‐related HCC patients, non‐Asians presented with more advanced BCLC stage compared to Asians. Non‐Asian ethnicity was independently associated with twice the risk of mortality among patients without cirrhosis, but not among those with cirrhosis. Additional studies are needed to clarify this disparity.
WWOM VII: Effectiveness of systemic pharmacotherapeutic interventions in the management of BMS: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Farag Arwa M. , Kuten‐Shorrer Michal , Natto Zuhair , Ariyawardana Anura , Mejia Lina M. , Albuquerque Rui , Carey Barbara , Chmieliauskaite Milda , Miller Craig S. , Ingram Mark , Nasri‐Heir Cibele , Sardella Andrea , Carlson Charles R. , Klasser Gary D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the effectiveness of systemic pharmacotherapeutic interventions compared to placebo in burning mouth syndrome (BMS) randomized controlled trials (RCTs) based on the core outcome domains recommended by the Initiative on Methods, Measurement, and Pain Assessment in Clinical Trials (IMMPACT).MethodsA systematic literature review of RCTs, concerning systemic pharmacotherapeutic interventions for BMS, published from January 1994 through October 2019, and meta‐analysis was performed.ResultsFourteen RCTs (n = 734 participants) were included. Of those, nine were eligible for the quantitative assessment due to the availability/homogeneity of data for at least one of the IMMPACT domains. Pain intensity was the only domain reported in all RCTs. Weighted mean changes in pain intensity, based on visual analogue scale (ΔVAS), were reported in three RCTs at 6 ± 2 weeks and only one RCT at 10+ weeks follow‐ups. Quantitative assessment, based on ΔVAS, yielded very low evidence for the effectiveness of alpha‐lipoic acid and clonazepam, low evidence for effectiveness of trazodone and melatonin, and moderate evidence for herbal compounds.ConclusionsBased on the RCTs studied, variable levels of evidence exist that suggest that select pharmacological interventions are associated with improved symptoms. However, the underreporting of IMMPACT domains in BMS RCTs restricts the multidimensional assessment of systemic interventions outcomes. Standardized outcome measures need to be applied to future RCTs to improve understanding of intervention outcomes.
The value of OPEC’s spare capacity to the oil market and global economy
Authors: Almutairi Hossa , Pierru Axel , Smith James L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe investigate the extent to which OPEC has succeeded in its self‐stated mission of stabilising the oil market and the implications for the world’s economy. We discuss the modelling framework developed by Pierru, Smith and Zamrik (2018) and Pierru, Smith and Almutairi (2020) and update their analyses. Unstabilised monthly oil prices that would have prevailed in the absence of OPEC’s spare capacity policy are determined for the September 2001–June 2020 period. Overall, OPEC’s management of spare capacity has significantly decreased the monthly volatility of the oil price. Three subperiods (commodity boom, market‐share campaign, OPEC+) can, however, be distinguished in terms of the impact on price volatility. The annual value of OPEC’s spare capacity to the world’s economy is estimated to be 193.1 billion in 2019 US dollars.
Dexamethasone as a ropivacaine adjuvant to pre‐emptive incision‐site infiltration analgesia in pediatric craniotomy patients: A prospective, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial
Authors: Zhao Chunmei , Zhang Nijia , Shrestha Niti , Liu Hongbing , Ge Ming , Luo Fang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundDexamethasone added to incision‐site infiltration has been routinely used to reduce pain after tonsillectomy in children. However, this has not been studied in pediatric craniotomy patients yet. We hypothesized that incision‐site infiltration with a combination of ropivacaine and dexamethasone might provide superior analgesia to ropivacaine alone in pediatric craniotomy patients.MethodsIn this multicenter, double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial, children aged 2–12 years, scheduled for craniotomy, were prospectively enrolled at two study centers, from September 2, 2019, to July 5, 2020. Eighty children were randomly assigned (1:1) to either ropivacaine plus dexamethasone group who received pre‐emptive incision‐site infiltration with 0.2% ropivacaine plus 0.025% dexamethasone, or ropivacaine group who received 0.2% ropivacaine alone. Primary outcome was the modified Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale (mCHEOPS) at 24 h postoperatively. Primary analysis was performed using the modified intention‐to‐treat principle.ResultsPre‐emptive incision‐site infiltration with ropivacaine plus dexamethasone had a reduced pain score of 2.0, compared with the pain score of 2.9 in the ropivacaine group, at 24 h postoperatively (mean difference −0.9, 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.7 to −0.2; p = .019). Estimated median of the time of first rescue analgesic demand was 24 h in the ropivacaine plus dexamethasone group and 8.5 h in the ropivacaine group [hazard ratio 0.43, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.08; Log‐rank p = .0025]. No adverse events related to incision‐site infiltration with dexamethasone were observed in this study.DiscussionDexamethsone reduces the local production of pro‐inflammatory factors after tissue damage and as a ropivacaine adjuvant for incision‐site infiltration reduced the pain scores by 31% at 24 h postoperatively. The results were similar to several prior studies on to tonsillectomy patients. However, this changes on pain scores might has limited clinical significance.ConclusionsThe addition of dexamethasone to ropivacaine for preoperative incision‐site infiltration has better postoperative analgesic effect than ropivacaine alone in pediatric craniotomy patients.
Influence of Doxycycline and InGaAlP Diode Laser at 660 nm Wavelength in the Treatment of Periodontitis Induced in Rats: In Vivo Study
Authors: Silveira Glauco Rodrigues Carmo , de Lima Daniela Coelho , Cintra Luciano Tavares Ângelo , Brigagão Maísa Ribeiro Pereira Lima , Ervolino Edílson , Fernandes Leandro Araújo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the influence of Doxycycline (DOX) and Low‐Intensity Laser (LIL) (InGaAlP diode laser) as scaling and root planing (SRP) adjuvants in the treatment of periodontitis induced in rats. The rats received periodontal disease induction, and after 7 days, the ligature was removed, and the animals were divided into groups/treatments: NT—receive no treatment; SRP—submitted only to SRP; DOX—submitted to SRP and DOX irrigation; LIL—submitted to SRP and LIL irradiation; and DOX + LIL—submitted to SRP treatments, DOX irrigation and LIL irradiation. The animals were sacrificed at 7, 15 and 30 days, and then, the analyses were performed. A lower concentration of Alpha‐glycoprotein acid and Complement 3 was observed in the DOX + LIL group compared to all the other groups in all the periods, and for Complement 4 at 15 and 30 days (P < 0.01). A lower bone loss (BL) was observed in the DOX + LIL group compared to all the other groups in all the periods (P < 0.01). It can be concluded that LIL was effective in the reduction of proteins, and its association with DOX was effective in the reduction of proteins and BL, in the treatment of periodontal induction in rats.
Recent advances in understanding tick and rickettsiae interactions
Authors: Karim Shahid , Kumar Deepak , Budachetri Khemraj 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTicks are haematophagous arthropods with unique molecular mechanisms for digesting host blood meal while acting as vectors for various pathogens of public health significance. The tick's pharmacologically active saliva plays a fundamental role in modulating the host's immune system for several days to weeks, depending on the tick species. The vector tick has also developed sophisticated molecular mechanisms to serve as a competent vector for pathogens, including the spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiae. Evidence is still inadequate concerning tick–rickettsiae–host interactions and saliva‐assisted transmission of the pathogen to the mammalian host. Rickettsia parkeri, of the SFG rickettsia, can cause a milder version of Rocky Mountain spotted fever known as American Boutonneuse fever. The Gulf Coast tick (Amblyomma maculatum) often transmits this pathogenic rickettsia in the USA. This review discusses the knowledge gap concerning tick–rickettsiae–host interactions by highlighting the SFG rickettsia and the Am maculatum model system. Filling this knowledge gap will provide a better understanding of the tick–rickettsiae–host interactions in disease causation, which will be crucial for developing effective methods for preventing tick‐borne diseases.
Selection and validation of reference genes for gene expression studies in Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis subjected to abiotic stress
Authors: Petriccione Milena , Magri Anna , Gaudiano Maria , Scortichini Marco 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe selection and validation of reference genes for reverse‐transcription quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) is key in the normalization of data to evaluate the expression levels of target genes. In this study, the expression levels of nine candidate reference genes in Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis (Xaj) undergoing three abiotic stresses, including thermal stress at 15 ± 1°C and 35 ± 1°C and UV light, were evaluated by RT‐qPCR. A ranked list of reference genes based on expression stability was assessed using BestKeeper, NormFinder, GeNorm, and ΔCt methods. In Xaj undergoing all tested abiotic stress conditions, two reference genes (RGs) were sufficient for effective normalization of RT‐qPCR data. ATP synthase subunit δ (atpD) and RNA polymerase δ factor (rpoD) were the most stably expressed RGs, while gyrase subunit A (gyrA) and gyrase subunit B (gyrB) were the least stable. A combination of the most and least stable RGs was used for the normalization of two isoforms of three target genes, catalase (cat1 and cat2), superoxide dismutase (sod1 and sod2), and glutathione peroxidase (gpx1 and gpx2), showing that the validation of RGs was needed in each experimental condition to avoid misinterpretation of the expression levels of target genes. These results can be useful in studies that seek to understand the biochemical and molecular complex pathways involved in stress tolerance mechanisms in Xaj and to evaluate the effects of stress conditions on plant–pathogen interactions.
Promoter‐specific expression of the imprinted IGF2 gene in bovine oocytes and pre‐implantation embryos
Authors: Willhelm Bruna Rodrigues , Ticiani Elvis , Campagnolo Karine , de Oliveira Gabriella Borba , de Mattos Karine , Peña Bello Camilo Andrés , Ongaratto Felipe Ledur , Rodriguez‐Villamil Paula , Relly Luciana , Alves Juliana Paula Martins , Rondina Davide , Rodrigues José Luiz Rigo , Bertolini Marcelo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe bovine IGF2 locus is a genomic region with alternative transcripts controlled by five promoters (P0, P1, P2, P3 and P4). As transcriptional regulation can affect messenger RNA (mRNA) stability and translation, and thus, subsequent biological effects, this study evaluated the bovine IGF2 promoter‐specific expression patterns in oocytes and pre‐implantation embryos produced in vitro by our standard IVP procedures. Immature and matured oocytes, and pre‐implantation embryos at the 1‐, 2‐, 4‐, 8‐ and 16‐cell, and at early morula, compact morula, blastocyst and expanded blastocyst stages were collected in three pools of five structures per stage, in four replicates. Total RNA was extracted and subjected to RT‐qPCR, using four sets of IGF2 promoter‐specific primers covering transcripts driven by promoters P0/P1, P2, P3 and P4, with fragments sequenced for confirmation. Expression of P2‐ and P4‐derived transcripts showed an initial peak between immature (P4) or matured (P2/P4) oocytes and 2‐cell embryos, gradually falling until embryo genome activation (EGA), rising again at compaction and cavitation. P0/P1‐derived transcripts were identified after EGA, during compaction, whereas P3 activity was not detected at any stage. Our findings suggest that P0/P1 and P2 likely have secondary roles during early stages, whereas P3 may be more relevant later in development. P4 seems to be the main pathway for bovine IGF2 expression during oocyte maturation and embryo development and, therefore, the main target to influence IVP in modulation of embryo growth and in studies in developmental biology.
Roles and functions in clinical care for registered nurses with a PhD—A systematic literature review
Authors: Orton Marie‐Louise , Nelson Follin Nina , Dannapfel Petra , Wengström Yvonne 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundNurses are responsible for nursing care and their expertise is crucial for quality of care. One factor important to successful delivery of evidence‐based care is availability of staff with the expertise to support their colleagues in this endeavour. RN/PhDs versed in scientific research with a thorough knowledge of their disciplines have the potential to help narrow the gap between theory and practice. The roles and functions of RN/PhDs involved in clinical care have not yet been well defined.AimTo explore publications concerning clinical contributions from registered nurses who hold a PhD (RN/PhDs) regarding impact on quality and improvement of care.MethodA systematic literature review was conducted and qualitative content analysis was applied to the data obtained from the included studies.FindingsThe leadership role is considered essential for RN/PhDs, where the focus is on the pursuit of evidence‐based practice and the improvement of nursing practices. The opportunity to combine the clinical and academic aspects of nursing is considered crucial in order for RN/PhDs to influence and improve care, yet few such positions are currently available. RN/PhDs cited limited career opportunities as one important reason for not combining clinical and academic work.ConclusionsIn order for nursing practice to reach full potential, clinical positions with clearly defined job descriptions for RN/PhDs are needed. To fully leverage their expertise, it is important to allocate sufficient time to conduct relevant research, as well as to support colleagues and students in the improvement of clinical practice.