bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Exploration of Implementation Enablers and Barriers for Norwegian School Meal Guidelines
Authors: Randby Jorunn S. , Meshkovska Biljana , Holbæk Helene , Lien Nanna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSchool meal guidelines can be important tools to promote children’s diets, but their implementation depends on several influencing factors. Understanding these is important for designing effective interventions to increase implementation. The aim of this study was to examine barriers to and enablers of implementation of the Norwegian national guideline on food and meals in schools by applying a school-based implementation framework to data collection and analysis. The Multi-level Quality Implementation Framework (MQIF) was used to develop semi-structured interview guides. At four schools, principals and after-school leaders were interviewed individually, whereas teachers (n = 27) and children (n = 26) participated in separate focus group interviews. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed deductively according to predefined constructs in the MQIF. Most implementation barriers and enablers were identified at the school level and barriers dominated. Important barriers included a weak mandate to prioritize work on school meals; weak administrative leadership; the lack of a school culture around meal practices; a noisy classroom climate undermining social meals; limited facilities; and difficulties with the teacher–parent collaboration around packed lunches. Important enablers were engagement by the education authorities; coordinated action at a municipal level; whole-school discussions on meal practices; and teachers’ facilitation for social meals. The MQIF successfully guided us in identifying factors that influence school meal guideline implementation. Low priority of school meals and low implementation authority appeared as underlying reasons for some implementation barriers. The study indicates that, to overcome these barriers, schools need support for implementation.
Characterising the impact of BRAINSPaN: a multidisciplinary community of practice for clinicians and researchers in the brain impairment field
Authors: Wong Dana , Steel Joanne , Baker Katharine , Doig Emmah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground:Communities of practice can facilitate the sharing and translation of knowledge. BRAINSPaN is a multidisciplinary community of practice of clinicians, researchers and students in the brain impairment field that was launched in Australia in June 2017. We aimed to investigate the impact of BRAINSPaN on multidisciplinary collaboration and on knowledge, skills and confidence in domains of practice of interest to members.Methods:We surveyed BRAINSPaN members over three time points at 1-month (n = 117), 7-months (n = 69) and 14-months (n = 46) post-launch. Content analysis of posts to the BRAINSPaN listserv was also conducted to identify their purpose and content.Results:Increasing access to new research findings and increasing interaction with others in the brain impairment field were the two main goals for survey respondents’ participation in BRAINSPaN. At 7- and 14-months post-launch, these were also the most commonly achieved goals and most frequently cited benefits of BRAINSPaN participation. Cognitive rehabilitation and behaviour management were the most frequently reported practice domains of interest, as well as being two of the five most common topics of BRAINSPaN posts over the survey period. There was a significant increase in self-reported knowledge for participants’ top two domains of interest, but no change in skills or confidence.Conclusions:BRAINSPaN has the potential to serve as a vehicle for the sharing and translation of knowledge in the brain impairment field. Combining other forms of dissemination with communities of practice, such as workshops and clinical mentoring, may be needed to also influence the development of skills and confidence in practice areas.
Trade Liberalization and Labor Market Institutions
Authors: Baccini Leonardo , Guidi Mattia , Poletti Arlo , Yildirim Aydin B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWhile the firm-level distributional consequences of market liberalization are well understood, previous studies have paid only limited attention to how variations in domestic institutions across countries affect the winners and losers from opening up to trade. We argue that the presence of coordinated wage-bargaining institutions, which impose a ceiling on wage increases, and state-subsidized vocational training, which creates a large supply of highly skilled workers, generate labor market frictions. Upward wage rigidity, in particular, helps smaller firms weather the rising competition and increasing labor costs triggered by trade liberalization. We test this hypothesis using a firm-level data set of European Union countries, which includes more than 800,000 manufacturing firms between 2003 and 2014. We find that, for productive firms, gains from trade are 20 percent larger in countries with liberal market economies than they are in coordinated market economies. Symmetrically, less productive firms in coordinated market economies experience significantly smaller revenue losses compared to liberal market economies. We show that both the presence of an institutionalized wage ceiling and the availability of subsidized vocational training are key mechanisms for reducing the reallocation of revenue from unproductive to productive firms in coordinated market economies compared to liberal market economies. In line with our theory, we find that wages and employment in liberalized industries increase differentially across both types of labor markets. Finally, we provide suggestive evidence that trade liberalization triggers a differential demand for redistribution at the individual level across different labor markets, which is in line with our firm-level analysis.
Lyrics segmentation via bimodal text–audio representation
Authors: Fell Michael , Nechaev Yaroslav , Meseguer-Brocal Gabriel , Cabrio Elena , Gandon Fabien , Peeters Geoffroy 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSong lyrics contain repeated patterns that have been proven to facilitate automated lyrics segmentation, with the final goal of detecting the building blocks (e.g., chorus, verse) of a song text. Our contribution in this article is twofold. First, we introduce a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model that learns to segment the lyrics based on their repetitive text structure. We experiment with novel features to reveal different kinds of repetitions in the lyrics, for instance based on phonetical and syntactical properties. Second, using a novel corpus where the song text is synchronized to the audio of the song, we show that the text and audio modalities capture complementary structure of the lyrics and that combining both is beneficial for lyrics segmentation performance. For the purely text-based lyrics segmentation on a dataset of 103k lyrics, we achieve an F-score of 67.4%, improving on the state of the art (59.2% F-score). On the synchronized text–audio dataset of 4.8k songs, we show that the additional audio features improve segmentation performance to 75.3% F-score, significantly outperforming the purely text-based approaches.
From the pandemic to the pan: the impact of COVID-19 on parental inclusion of children in cooking activities: a cross-continental survey
Authors: Benson Tony , Murphy Blain , McCloat Amanda , Mooney Elaine , Dean Moira , Lavelle Fiona 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on time spent cooking and parental inclusion of children in cooking. The secondary aim was to investigate differences between those who frequently included their children in cooking activities during the COVID-19 pandemic and those who included their children less, on a number of factors such as working from home, parents’ diet quality and cooking skills confidence.Design:Cross-continental survey with Wilcoxon-signed ranks, Independent t tests, Mann–Whitney U, χ2 and a binomial logistic regression used for assessment.Setting:Online.Participants:A convenience sample of parents over 18 years from the island of Ireland (n 180), Great Britain (n 312), the USA (n 120) and New Zealand (n 166).Results:In three regions, parents’ time spent cooking and inclusion of children in everyday cooking activities increased (P < 0·001). Country (OR = 3·6, 95 % CI 1·7, 7·6), education (OR = 1·6, 95 % CI 1·1, 2·4), cooking skills confidence (OR = 1·02, 95 % CI 1·009, 1·032) and a parental higher intake of vegetables (OR = 1·3, 95 % CI 1·1, 1·5) were significant predictors of a more frequent inclusion of children in cooking activities.Conclusions:While there a number of key benefits to including children in cooking for the children such as providing life skills and increases in diet quality, this study highlighted a higher intake of vegetables by parents who included children more frequently in cooking activities. With continued lockdowns due to COVID-19 and perhaps more flexibility in working from home in the future, including children in cooking activities should be a key public health message for both children and parents.
Cultural implications for disclosure of diagnosis and prognosis toward terminally ill cancer patients in China: A literature review
Authors: Stocklassa Stephanie , Zhang Silja , Mason Stephen , Elsner Frank 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveHealth professionals in China tend to avoid open communication with terminally ill cancer patients concerning their diagnosis and prognosis. This review aims to explore Chinese cultural beliefs and attitudes concerning disclosure and death among health professionals and cancer patients in China and to investigate preferences of terminally ill cancer patients for a “good death.”MethodA narrative literature review was conducted in May 2020 on MEDLINE, EMBASE, and WEB OF SCIENCE to include all studies with clear study design which presented its own study data or referred to data within underlying studies, published between January 2000 and May 2020, having cancer patients and/or healthcare professionals as participants, conducted in Mainland China, Hong Kong, or Taiwan and containing relevant data concerning “medical disclosure” or “good death.” Quality assessment of publications was conducted using the NIH and CASP checklists.ResultsPrimary database search revealed a total of 108 papers of which 9 were ultimately included. The additional hand search led to the inclusion of eight further papers. In total, there were 11 quantitative studies, 4 qualitative studies and 2 literature reviews included in this review. Our findings indicated that most terminally ill cancer patients in China want to know the truth about their diagnosis and prognosis and preferred to be informed by their doctors. Terminally ill cancer patients valued a good relationship with family and medical staff as well as being respected as an individual and wanted to be able to prepare for death.Significance of resultsTerminally ill cancer patients in China often have a substantial need for information about their condition while their preferences are widely consistent with those in Western societies. Training for health professionals needs to focus on communication skills in order to overcome barriers in patient interaction.
IFN-γ-dependent NK cell activation is essential to metastasis suppression by engineered Salmonella
Authors: Lin Qiubin , Rong Li , Jia Xian , Li Renhao , Yu Bin , Hu Jingchu , Luo Xiao , Badea S. R. , Xu Chen , Fu Guofeng , Lai Kejiong , Lee Ming-chun , Zhang Baozhong , Gong Huarui , Zhou Nan , Chen Xiao Lei , Lin Shu-hai , Fu Guo , Huang Jian-Dong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetastasis accounts for 90% of cancer-related deaths and, currently, there are no effective clinical therapies to block the metastatic cascade. A need to develop novel therapies specifically targeting fundamental metastasis processes remains urgent. Here, we demonstrate that Salmonella YB1, an engineered oxygen-sensitive strain, potently inhibits metastasis of a broad range of cancers. This process requires both IFN-γ and NK cells, as the absence of IFN-γ greatly reduces, whilst depletion of NK cells in vivo completely abolishes, the anti-metastatic ability of Salmonella. Mechanistically, we find that IFN-γ is mainly produced by NK cells during early Salmonella infection, and in turn, IFN-γ promotes the accumulation, activation, and cytotoxicity of NK cells, which kill the metastatic cancer cells thus achieving an anti-metastatic effect. Our findings highlight the significance of a self-regulatory feedback loop of NK cells in inhibiting metastasis, pointing a possible approach to develop anti-metastatic therapies by harnessing the power of NK cells.
The diversity of three-dimensional photonic crystals
Authors: Cersonsky Rose K. , Antonaglia James , Dice Bradley D. , Glotzer Sharon C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany butterflies, birds, beetles, and chameleons owe their spectacular colors to the microscopic patterns within their wings, feathers, or skin. When these patterns, or photonic crystals, result in the omnidirectional reflection of commensurate wavelengths of light, it is due to a complete photonic band gap (PBG). The number of natural crystal structures known to have a PBG is relatively small, and those within the even smaller subset of notoriety, including diamond and inverse opal, have proven difficult to synthesize. Here, we report more than 150,000 photonic band calculations for thousands of natural crystal templates from which we predict 351 photonic crystal templates – including nearly 300 previously-unreported structures – that can potentially be realized for a multitude of applications and length scales, including several in the visible range via colloidal self-assembly. With this large variety of 3D photonic crystals, we also revisit and discuss oft-used primary design heuristics for PBG materials.
Twin-lattice atom interferometry
Authors: Gebbe Martina , Siemß Jan-Niclas , Gersemann Matthias , Müntinga Hauke , Herrmann Sven , Lämmerzahl Claus , Ahlers Holger , Gaaloul Naceur , Schubert Christian , Hammerer Klemens , Abend Sven , Rasel Ernst M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInertial sensors based on cold atoms have great potential for navigation, geodesy, or fundamental physics. Similar to the Sagnac effect, their sensitivity increases with the space-time area enclosed by the interferometer. Here, we introduce twin-lattice atom interferometry exploiting Bose-Einstein condensates of rubidium-87. Our method provides symmetric momentum transfer and large areas offering a perspective for future palm-sized sensor heads with sensitivities on par with present meter-scale Sagnac devices. Our theoretical model of the impact of beam splitters on the spatial coherence is highly instrumental for designing future sensors.
Breathless and awaiting diagnosis in UK lockdown for COVID-19…We’re stuck
Authors: Doe Gillian , Chantrell Stacey , Williams Marie , Steiner Michael C. , Armstrong Natalie , Hutchinson Ann , Evans Rachael A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 20 adults awaiting a diagnosis for their chronic breathlessness. Three key themes were identified using thematic analysis: (1) de-prioritisation of diagnosis, (2) following UK ‘lockdown’ guidance for the general population but patients fearful they were more at risk, and (3) the impact of lockdown on coping strategies for managing breathlessness. The existing unpredictable pathway to diagnosis for those with chronic breathlessness has been further interrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Dynamical ground state in the XY pyrochlore Yb2GaSbO7
Authors: Sarte P. M. , Cruz-Kan K. , Ortiz B. R. , Hong K. H. , Bordelon M. M. , Reig-i-Plessis D. , Lee M. , Choi E. S. , Stone M. B. , Calder S. , Pajerowski D. M. , Mangin-Thro L. , Qiu Y. , Attfield J. P. , Wilson S. D. , Stock C. , Zhou H. D. , Hallas A. M. , Paddison J. A. M. , Aczel A. A. , Wiebe C. R. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe magnetic ground state of the pyrochlore Yb2GaSbO7 has not been established. The persistent spin fluctuations observed by muon spin-relaxation measurements at low temperatures have not been adequately explained for this material using existing theories for quantum magnetism. Here we report on the synthesis and characterisation of Yb2GaSbO7 to revisit the nature of the magnetic ground state. Through DC and AC magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and neutron scattering experiments, we observe evidence for a dynamical ground state that makes Yb2GaSbO7 a promising candidate for disorder-induced spin-liquid or spin-singlet behaviour. This state is quite fragile, being tuned to a splayed ferromagnet in a modest magnetic field μ0Hc ~ 1.5 T.
High expression of microRNA-126 relates to favorable prognosis for colon cancer patients
Authors: Selven Hallgeir , Busund Lill-Tove Rasmussen , Andersen Sigve , Bremnes Roy M. , Kilvær Thomas Karsten 
Published: May 2021

AbstractmiR-126 has been identified both as a tumor suppressor and an oncogene in different types of cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic impact of miR-126-expression in colon cancer patients. Tumor tissue from 452 patients operated for stage I–III colon cancer was retrospectively collected and tissue microarrays were constructed. miR-126 expression was evaluated by in situ hybridization and analyzed using digital pathology. To isolate the compartment specific contribution of miR-126, tumor and adjacent tumor stroma were considered separately. In univariate analyses, high expression of miR-126 in tumor and stroma was related to increased disease-specific survival (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively). In multivariate analyses, high miR-126 expression in tumor remained a significant independent predictor of improved disease-specific survival (HR = 0.42, CI 0.23–0.75, p = 0.004). Within different TNM-stages there was a tendency towards the same results, but with statistically significant results in stage II only (p = 0.007). High expression of miR-126 is an independent positive prognostic factor in stage I–III colon cancer. This finding may be used to identify patients in need of adjuvant chemotherapy.
Revisiting the hyperdominance of Neotropical tree species under a taxonomic, functional and evolutionary perspective
Authors: Damasco Gabriel , Baraloto Christopher , Vicentini Alberto , Daly Douglas C. , Baldwin Bruce G. , Fine Paul V. A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecent studies have leveraged large datasets from plot-inventory networks to report a phenomenon of hyperdominance in Amazonian tree communities, concluding that few species are common and many are rare. However, taxonomic hypotheses may not be consistent across these large plot networks, potentially masking cryptic diversity and threatened rare taxa. In the current study, we have reviewed one of the most abundant putatively hyperdominant taxa, Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand (Burseraceae), long considered to be a taxonomically difficult species complex. Using morphological, genomic, and functional data, we present evidence that P. heptaphyllum sensu lato may represent eight separately evolving lineages, each warranting species status. Most of these lineages are geographically restricted, and few if any of them could be considered hyperdominant on their own. In addition, functional trait data are consistent with the hypothesis that trees from each lineage are adapted to distinct soil and climate conditions. Moreover, some of the newly discovered species are rare, with habitats currently experiencing rapid deforestation. We highlight an urgent need to improve sampling and methods for species discovery in order to avoid oversimplified assumptions regarding diversity and rarity in the tropics and the implications for ecosystem functioning and conservation.
Volumetric metamaterials versus impedance surfaces in scattering applications
Authors: Kosulnikov S. , Filonov D. , Boag A. , Ginzburg P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractArtificially created media allow employing material parameters as additional valuable degrees of freedom in tailoring electromagnetic scattering. In particular, metamaterials with either negative permeability or permittivity allow creating deeply subwavelength resonant structures with relatively high scattering cross-sections. However, the equivalence principle allows replacing volumetric structures with properly designed curved impedance surfaces, ensuring the same electromagnetic properties. Here, we examine this statement from a practical standpoint, considering two structures, having a dipolar electric resonance at the same frequency. The first realization is based on arrays of inductively loaded electric dipoles printed on stacked circuit boards (a volumetric metamaterial), while the second structure utilizes a 4-wire spiral on a spherical surface (surface impedance realization). An intermediate conclusion is that the surface implementation tends to outperform the volumetric counterparts in the scenario when a single resonance is involved. However, in the case where multiple resonances are overlapping and lossy materials are involved, volumetric realization can have an advantage. The discussed structures are of significant importance to the field of electrically small antennas, superdirective antennas, and superscatterers, which find use in wireless communications and radar applications, to name just a few.
Accounting for farmers’ control decisions in a model of pathogen spread through animal trade
Authors: Cristancho Fajardo Lina , Ezanno Pauline , Vergu Elisabeta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAccounting for individual decisions in mechanistic epidemiological models remains a challenge, especially for unregulated endemic animal diseases for which control is not compulsory. We propose a new integrative model by combining two sub-models. The first one for the dynamics of a livestock epidemic on a metapopulation network, grounded on demographic and animal trade data. The second one for farmers’ behavior regarding the adoption of a control measure against the disease spread in their herd. The measure is specified as a protective vaccine with given economic implications, and the model is numerically studied through intensive simulations and sensitivity analyses. While each tested parameter of the model has an impact on the overall model behavior, the most important factor in farmers’ decisions is their frequency, as this factor explained almost 30% of the variation in decision-related outputs of the model. Indeed, updating frequently local health information impacts positively vaccination, and limits strongly the propagation of the pathogen. Our study is relevant for the understanding of the interplay between decision-related human behavior and livestock epidemic dynamics. The model can be used for other structures of epidemic models or different interventions, by adapting its components.