bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disassembling Coal: Finance Capital, Environmental Law, and the Right to Information in South India
Authors: Kumar Mukul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSince the liberalisation of India’s energy sector began in the 1990s, the government has developed several novel techniques to make coal an attractive asset for investors. The pharaonic Ultra Mega Power Plant Project (UMPP) program is one such technique which secures finance capital, land, and environmental clearances for coal‐fired power plants. Drawing upon the analytic of assemblage, this paper tracks how the Cheyyur UMPP, one of the largest proposed coal‐fired power plants in the world, has been disassembled by a range of interdependent elements, from Right to Information (RTI) activism and environmental litigation to the perception of litigation risk and the materiality of coal. In pursuing an analysis of the events and elements which have led to the Cheyyur UMPP being disassembled, this paper calls for greater attention to the vulnerabilities, limits, and instabilities of coal assemblages.
Daily Ethnic/Racial Context in Peer Groups: Frequency, Structure, and Implications for Adolescent Outcomes
Authors: Wang Yijie 
Published: January 2021

Ethnic/racial context in peer groups is poorly understood. Using daily data from 178 ethnically/racially diverse adolescents (Mage = 14.53) over 2 weeks, this study investigated peer processes related to ethnicity/race (peer ethnic/racial processes) in everyday life. On average, peer ethnic/racial processes occurred about 1 to 4 days over the 2 weeks. On days when adolescents reported more negative peer ethnic/racial processes (indicated by ethnic/racial teasing, discrimination, victimization, and partially by preparation for bias), they also reported lower school engagement. On days when adolescents reported more positive peer ethnic/racial processes (indicated by cultural socialization, support against discrimination, and partially by preparation for bias), they exhibited more prosocial behaviors and greater ethnic/racial identity private regard. Similar associations emerged at the between‐person level.
Behavioral Regulatory Problems Are Associated With a Lower Attentional Bias to Fearful Faces During Infancy
Authors: Eskola Eeva , Kataja Eeva‐Leena , Hyönä Jukka , Häikiö Tuomo , Pelto Juho , Karlsson Hasse , Karlsson Linnea , Korja Riikka 
Published: January 2021

To investigate the role of early regulatory problems (RP), such as problems in feeding, sleeping, and calming down during later development, the association between parent‐reported RP at 3 months (no‐RP, n = 110; RP, n = 66) and attention to emotional faces at 8 months was studied. Eight‐month‐old infants had a strong tendency to look at faces and to specifically fearful faces, and the individual variance in this tendency was assessed with eye tracking using a face‐distractor paradigm. The early RPs were related to a lower attention bias to fearful faces compared to happy and neutral faces after controlling for temperamental negative affectivity. This suggests that early RPs are related to the processing of emotional information later during infancy.
What Counts? Sources of Knowledge in Children’s Acquisition of the Successor Function
Authors: Schneider Rose M. , Sullivan Jessica , Guo Kaiqi , Barner David 
Published: January 2021

Although many U.S. children can count sets by 4 years, it is not until 5½–6 years that they understand how counting relates to number—that is, that adding 1 to a set necessitates counting up one number. This study examined two knowledge sources that 3½‐ to 6‐year‐olds (N = 136) may leverage to acquire this “successor function”: (a) mastery of productive rules governing count list generation; and (b) training with “+1” math facts. Both productive counting and “+1” math facts were related to understanding that adding 1 to sets entails counting up one number in the count list; however, even children with robust successor knowledge struggled with its arithmetic expression, suggesting they do not generalize the successor function from “+1” math facts.
Exhausted T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus patients in long-standing remission
Authors: Lima G , Treviño-Tello F , Atisha-Fregoso Y , Llorente L , Fragoso-Loyo H , Jakez-Ocampo J 
Published: January 2021

Summary
The mechanisms that drive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients to achieve remission are unknown; one possible explanation might be T cell exhaustion. The aim of the present study was to measure CD4+ and CD8+ T cell exhaustion in SLE patients in prolonged remission (PR-SLE) and compared them with patients with active SLE (Act-SLE) and healthy subjects. We included 15 PR-SLE patients, 15 Act-SLE and 29 healthy subjects. T cell exhaustion was determined by flow cytometry according to the expression of programmed cell death 1 (PD)-1, T cell immunoglobulin and mucin 3 (Tim-3), natural killer cell receptor (2B4), eomesodermin (EOMES) and T-box transcription factor TBX21 (T-bet) in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Dimensionality reduction using the T-distributed stochastic neighbor-embedding algorithm and clustering analysis was used for the identification of relevant populations. Percentages of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were similar among groups. We identified five subpopulations of CD8+ and seven of CD4+ cells. The CD4+T-bet+CD45RO+ cells identified in the unsupervised analysis were significantly increased in PR-SLE versus Act-SLE [median = 0·20, interquartile range (IQR) = 1·74–30·50 versus 1·68, IQR = 0·4–2·83; P &lt; 0·01]. CD4+EOMES+ cells were also increased in PR-SLE versus Act-SLE (5·24, IQR = 3·38–14·70 versus 1·39, IQR = 0·48–2·87; P &lt; 0·001). CD8+EOMES+ cells were increased in PR-SLE versus Act-SLE (37·6, IQR = 24·9–53·2 versus 8·13, IQR = 2·33–20·5; P &lt; 0·001). Exhausted and activated T cells presented an increased frequency of PD-1, CD57 and EOMES in SLE patients versus healthy subjects. Some subpopulations of T cells expressing markers associated with exhaustion are increased in patients in remission, supporting T cell exhaustion as a tolerance mechanism in SLE. Exhaustion of specific populations of T cells might represent a potential therapeutic tool that will contribute to the goal of achieving sustained remission in these patients.
Treatment of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin G–associated disease
Authors: Healy Sarah , Elhadd Kariem Tarik , Gibbons Emily , Whittam Dan , Griffiths Michael , Jacob Anu , Huda Saif 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) immunoglobulin G (IgG)–associated disease (MOGAD) is increasingly recognized as a distinct nosological entity from aquaporin‐4 antibody IgG–positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4‐IgG NMOSD). The advent of highly specific MOG‐IgG cell‐based diagnostic assays have helped to refine our understanding of the clinical spectrum of MOGAD. To date, treatment approaches have been largely extrapolated from AQP4‐IgG NMOSD experience, but there is growing evidence of distinct differences in treatment response between these conditions. This review summarizes the current status and understanding of acute and chronic treatments for MOGAD. Timing and duration of treatment, pregnancy, and emerging therapies are also discussed.
Paediatric laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: Systematic review and pooled analysis
Authors: Mur Taha , Jaleel Zaroug , Agarwal Pratima , Edwards Heather , Levi Jessica R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundPaediatric squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx is rare; however, recent data seem to support the notion that this pathology is increasing in incidence. Although this has been the case for several decades, treatment algorithms for this patient population remain identical to those of adults.MethodsThe study consists of a systematic review and pooled analysis of oncologic outcomes in paediatric laryngeal SCC from a comprehensive literature search on OVID MEDLINE and EMBASE.ResultsThe average cohort age was 12.1 years. Nine (36%) had supraglottic primaries, and 16 (64%) had glottic primaries. Treatment included unimodal and combination therapy. No significant difference in survival was noted between surgically treated and non‐surgically treated patients (5‐year overall survival (OS): 68.2% vs 76.2%, P = .905), even when stratified for advanced‐stage and supraglottic disease.ConclusionsPaediatric patients with laryngeal HNSCC may have different presentations and responses to therapy than their adult counterparts.
Lineage‐level distribution models lead to more realistic climate change predictions for a threatened crayfish
Authors: Zhang Zhixin , Kass Jamie M. , Mammola Stefano , Koizumi Itsuro , Li Xuecao , Tanaka Kazunori , Ikeda Kousuke , Suzuki Toru , Yokota Masashi , Usio Nisikawa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimAs climate change presents a major threat to biodiversity in the next decades, it is critical to assess its impact on species habitat suitability to inform biodiversity conservation. Species distribution models (SDMs) are a widely used tool to assess climate change impacts on species’ geographical distributions. As the name of these models suggests, the species level is the most commonly used taxonomic unit in SDMs. However, recently it has been demonstrated that SDMs considering taxonomic resolution below (or above) the species level can make more reliable predictions of biodiversity change when different populations exhibit local adaptation. Here, we tested this idea using the Japanese crayfish (Cambaroides japonicus), a threatened species encompassing two geographically structured and phylogenetically distinct genetic lineages.LocationNorthern Japan.MethodsWe first estimated niche differentiation between the two lineages of C. japonicus using n‐dimensional hypervolumes and then made climate change predictions of habitat suitability using SDMs constructed at two phylogenetic levels: species and intraspecific lineage.ResultsOur results showed only intermediate niche overlap, demonstrating measurable niche differences between the two lineages. The species‐level SDM made future predictions that predicted much broader and severe impacts of climate change. However, the lineage‐level SDMs led to reduced climate change impacts overall and also suggested that the eastern lineage may be more resilient to climate change than the western one.Main conclusionsThe two lineages of C. japonicus occupy different niche spaces. Compared with lineage‐level models, species‐level models can overestimate climate change impacts. These results not only have important implications for designing future conservation strategies for this threatened species, but also highlight the need for incorporating genetic information into SDMs to obtain realistic predictions of biodiversity change.
Outcomes of ixazomib/lenalidomide/dexamethasone for multiple myeloma: A multicenter retrospective analysis
Authors: Takakuwa Teruhito , Yamamura Ryosuke , Ohta Kensuke , Kaneko Hitomi , Imada Kazunori , Nakaya Aya , Fuchida Shin‐ichi , Shibayama Hirohiko , Matsuda Mitsuhiro , Shimazu Yutaka , Adachi Yoko , Kosugi Satoru , Uchiyama Hitoji , Tanaka Hirokazu , Hanamoto Hitoshi , Shimura Yuji , Kanda Junya , Onda Yoshiyuki , Uoshima Nobuhiko , Yagi Hideo , Yoshihara Satoshi , Hino Masayuki , Shimazaki Chihiro , Takaori‐Kondo Akifumi , Kuroda Junya , Matsumura Itaru , Kanakura Yuzuru , Nomura Shosaku 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate real‐world data of ixazomib plus lenalidomide and dexamethasone (IRd) therapy for patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 122 patients treated with IRd at 16 centers from May 2017 to January 2019 by using the Kansai Myeloma Forum database.ResultAt the start of IRd, the median age was 72 years, 66.7% of patients had IgG type, and the median number of prior therapies was 4, comprising bortezomib (85.4%) and lenalidomide (89.3%)‐based regimens. Disease progression and adverse events accounted for treatment discontinuation in 46 and 32 patients, respectively. The median overall survival (OS) was not reached, and the median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 11.9 months. Sensitivity to bortezomib did not affect the PFS, whereas lenalidomide‐refractory patients had significantly lower PFS than lenalidomide‐sensitive patients, who were comparable to TOURMALINE‐MM1 study. The patients with IgG type had significantly better PFS and OS than those with non‐IgG type.ConclusionThis study presents the largest real‐world data of patients treated with IRd in Asia. However, in real clinical practice, the patient background is different from the TOURMALINE‐MM1 study, and IRd showed poor efficacy, especially in the non‐IgG type and lenalidomide‐refractory patients with RRMM.
Delivering telemedicine consultations for patients with transient ischaemic attack during the COVID‐19 pandemic in a comprehensive tertiary stroke centre in the United Kingdom
Authors: D’Anna Lucio , Ellis Natalya , Bentley Paul , Brown Zoe , Halse Omid , Jamil Sohaa , Jenkins Harri , Malik Abid , Kalladka Dheeraj , Kwan Joseph , Venter Marius , Banerjee Soma 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeThe global COVID‐19 pandemic led many stroke centres worldwide to shift from in‐person to telemedicine consultations to assess patients with transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs). We aimed to investigate the impact of telemedicine during the COVID‐19 pandemic on the management and outcome of the patients with TIA.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data from a registry of consecutive TIA patients assessed at the Stroke Department, Imperial College Health Care Trust, London, during the national lockdown period (between March 23 2020 and 30 June 2020). As controls, we evaluated the clinical reports and stroke quality metrics of patients presenting to the TIA clinic in the same period of 2019.ResultsBetween 23 March 2020 and 30 June 2020, 136 patients were assessed using the telemedicine TIA clinic, compared to 180 patients evaluated with face‐to‐face consultation in the same period in 2019. Patients’ characteristics were similar in both groups. At 3 months after the TIA, there were no significant differences in the proportion of patients admitted to the hospital for recurrent TIA/stroke or any other cardiovascular cause from the 2020 period compared to the same period in 2019.ConclusionsOur analysis showed that during the pandemic, our telemedicine consultations of TIA patients were not associated with an increased 3‐month rate of recurrent TIA/stroke or cardiovascular hospital admissions. More robust studies looking at this model of care will be needed to assess its long‐term effects on patients and health care systems.
The severe epilepsy syndromes of infancy: A population‐based study
Authors: Howell Katherine B. , Freeman Jeremy L. , Mackay Mark T. , Fahey Michael C. , Archer John , Berkovic Samuel F. , Chan Eunice , Dabscheck Gabriel , Eggers Stefanie , Hayman Michael , Holberton James , Hunt Rodney W. , Jacobs Susan E. , Kornberg Andrew J. , Leventer Richard J. , Mandelstam Simone , McMahon Jacinta M. , Mefford Heather C. , Panetta Julie , Riseley Jessica , Rodriguez‐Casero Victoria , Ryan Monique M. , Schneider Amy L. , Smith Lindsay J. , Stark Zornitza , Wong Flora , Yiu Eppie M. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Harvey A. Simon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo study the epilepsy syndromes among the severe epilepsies of infancy and assess their incidence, etiologies, and outcomes.MethodsA population‐based cohort study was undertaken of severe epilepsies with onset before age 18 months in Victoria, Australia. Two epileptologists reviewed clinical features, seizure videos, and electroencephalograms to diagnose International League Against Epilepsy epilepsy syndromes. Incidence, etiologies, and outcomes at age 2 years were determined.ResultsSeventy‐three of 114 (64%) infants fulfilled diagnostic criteria for epilepsy syndromes at presentation, and 16 (14%) had "variants" of epilepsy syndromes in which there was one missing or different feature, or where all classical features had not yet emerged. West syndrome (WS) and "WS‐like" epilepsy (infantile spasms without hypsarrhythmia or modified hypsarrhythmia) were the most common syndromes, with a combined incidence of 32.7/100 000 live births/year. The incidence of epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS) was 4.5/100 000 and of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy (EIEE) was 3.6/100 000. Structural etiologies were common in "WS‐like" epilepsy (100%), unifocal epilepsy (83%), and WS (39%), whereas single gene disorders predominated in EIMFS, EIEE, and Dravet syndrome. Eighteen (16%) infants died before age 2 years. Development was delayed or borderline in 85 of 96 (89%) survivors, being severe–profound in 40 of 96 (42%). All infants with EIEE or EIMFS had severe–profound delay or were deceased, but only 19 of 64 (30%) infants with WS, "WS‐like," or "unifocal epilepsy" had severe–profound delay, and only two of 64 (3%) were deceased.SignificanceThree quarters of severe epilepsies of infancy could be assigned an epilepsy syndrome or "variant syndrome" at presentation. In this era of genomic testing and advanced brain imaging, diagnosing epilepsy syndromes at presentation remains clinically useful for guiding etiologic investigation, initial treatment, and prognostication.
Focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures are associated with widespread network abnormality in temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Sinha Nishant , Peternell Natalie , Schroeder Gabrielle M. , de Tisi Jane , Vos Sjoerd B. , Winston Gavin P. , Duncan John S. , Wang Yujiang , Taylor Peter N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to identify whether the whole‐brain structural network alterations in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (FBTCS) differ from alterations in patients without FBTCS.MethodsWe dichotomized a cohort of 83 drug‐resistant patients with TLE into those with and without FBTCS and compared each group to 29 healthy controls. For each subject, we used diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging to construct whole‐brain structural networks. First, we measured the extent of alterations by performing FBTCS‐negative (FBTCS−) versus control and FBTCS‐positive (FBTCS+) versus control comparisons, thereby delineating altered subnetworks of the whole‐brain structural network. Second, by standardizing each patient's networks using control networks, we measured the subject‐specific abnormality at every brain region in the network, thereby quantifying the spatial localization and the amount of abnormality in every patient.ResultsBoth FBTCS+ and FBTCS− patient groups had altered subnetworks with reduced fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity compared to controls. The altered subnetwork in FBTCS+ patients was more widespread than in FBTCS− patients (441 connections altered att > 3,p < .001 in FBTCS+ compared to 21 connections altered att > 3,p = .01 in FBTCS−). Significantly greater abnormalities—aggregated over the entire brain network as well as assessed at the resolution of individual brain areas—were present in FBTCS+ patients (p < .001,d = .82, 95% confidence interval = .32–1.3). In contrast, the fewer abnormalities present in FBTCS− patients were mainly localized to the temporal and frontal areas.SignificanceThe whole‐brain structural network is altered to a greater and more widespread extent in patients with TLE and FBTCS. We suggest that these abnormal networks may serve as an underlying structural basis or consequence of the greater seizure spread observed in FBTCS.
The expected investment growth premium
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Huijun , Yu Jianfeng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe propose a novel measure of investment plans, namely expected investment growth (EIG), and find stocks with high EIG outperform stocks with low EIG by 17% per annum. This premium can be generated in a neoclassical model with the investment plan friction, in which a firm's expected returns increases with its planned investment due to an embedded leverage effect. We provide empirical evidence on the interaction of the cash flow effect and discount rate effect in driving this EIG premium. Our findings highlight the investment plan friction as an important economic channel to understand the cross‐sectional risk premium.
Di‐lysine motif‐like sequences formed by deleting the C‐terminal domain of aquaporin‐4 prevent its trafficking to the plasma membrane
Authors: Chau Simon , Fujii Atsushi , Wang Yingqi , Vandebroek Arno , Goda Wakami , Yasui Masato , Abe Yoichiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAquaporin‐4 is a transmembrane water channel protein, the C‐terminal domain of which is facing the cytosol. In the process of investigating the role of the C‐terminal domain of aquaporin‐4 with regard to intracellular trafficking, we observed that a derivative of aquaporin‐4, in which the C‐terminal 53 amino acids had been removed (Δ271‐323), was localized to intracellular compartments, including the endoplasmic reticulum, but was not expressed on the plasma membranes. This was determined by immunofluorescence staining and labeling of the cells with monoclonal antibody specifically recognizing the extracellular domain of aquaporin‐4, followed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Deletion of additional amino acids in the C‐terminal domain of aquaporin‐4 led to its redistribution to the plasma membrane. This suggests that the effect of the 53‐amino acid deletion on the subcellular localization of aquaporin‐4 could be attributed to the formation of a signal at the C terminus that retained aquaporin‐4 in intracellular compartments, rather than the loss of a signal required for plasma membrane targeting. Substitution of the lysine at position 268 with alanine could rescue the Δ271‐323‐associated retention in the cytosol, suggesting that the C‐terminal sequence of the mutant served as a signal similar to a di‐lysine motif.
Mind the gap: line managers as effective or non‐effective talent spotters
Authors: Blanco María Rita , Golik Mariela N. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDue to the centrality of line managers’ role in the talent identification process, this qualitative study aims to determine what effective and non‐effective talent spotters do differently from one another in relation with an ‘ideal’ talent identification model offered by the literature. A double‐blind design was applied to the sample designated by the Corporate Talent Management Director of a Latin American multinational firm. 20 senior and middle managers, some effective and some others non‐effective, who work in different countries, participated in the study. Findings show that effective talent spotters perform three key stages of the talent identification model and they do it extremely well: differentiation of potential from performance, matching process and design of developmental challenges. The clear differentiation of potential from performance constitutes the crucial stage since a fuzzy differentiation taints the following stages. Not only is it necessary to perform these key stages but they should be executed in line with the principles of the talent management literature. Recommendations for practice, including specific guidelines for Talent Managers are proposed.