bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Image Quality of the Solar Disk Imager (SDI) of the Lyα Solar Telescope (LST) Onboard the ASO-S Mission
Authors: Liu Hui , Li Hui , Zou Sizhong , Ji Kaifan , Jin Zhenyu , Shan Jiahui , Li Jingwei , Shi Guanglu , Huang Yu , Feng Li , Xue Jianchao , Li Qiao , Song Dechao , Li Ying 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The in-flight calibration and performance of the Solar Disk Imager (SDI), which is a pivotal instrument of the Lyα Solar Telescope onboard the Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory mission, suggested a much lower spatial resolution than expected. In this paper, we developed the SDI point-spread function (PSF) and Image Bivariate Optimization Algorithm (SPIBOA) to improve the quality of SDI images. The bivariate optimization method smartly combines deep learning with optical system modeling. Despite the lack of information about the real image taken by SDI and the optical system function, this algorithm effectively estimates the PSF of the SDI imaging system directly from a large sample of observational data. We use the estimated PSF to conduct deconvolution correction to observed SDI images, and the resulting images show that the spatial resolution after correction has increased by a factor of more than three with respect to the observed ones. Meanwhile, our method also significantly reduces the inherent noise in the observed SDI images. The SPIBOA has now been successfully integrated into the routine SDI data processing, providing important support for the scientific studies based on the data. The development and application of SPIBOA also paves new ways to identify astronomical telescope systems and enhance observational image quality. Some essential factors and precautions in applying the SPIBOA method are also discussed.
Amoxicillin Removal by Microwave Irradiated Almond Shell-Based Activated Carbon: Optimization Study
Authors: Abd Khalil A.T. , Ahmad M.A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The wastewater contamination containing amoxicillin (AMOX) antibiotic into the environment is harmful to aquatic creatures and humans. Therefore, this study developed almond shell-based activated carbon (ASAC) through microwave irradiation method under a continuous flow of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. The resulted ASAC was used to adsorb AMOX in an aqueous solution. The optimization of the conditions for ASAC production was done by using response surface methodology (RSM), which identified 481 W and 4.64 min as the optimal conditions for radiation power and time, respectively. This resulted in 95.06% of AMOX removal and 39.64% of ASAC yield. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that radiation power significantly affects both AMOX removal and ASAC’s yield responses as compared to the radiation time. In equilibrium study, the adsorption uptakes were improved from 0.87 to 36.88 mg/g when the initial concentration of AMOX inclined (1 – 50 mg/L), whilst the percentage removal declined (86.80 – 73.76%). Isotherm study divulged that this adsorption process obeyed Langmuir model with a maximum monolayer adsorption capacity (Qm) of 63.29 mg/g.
Effect of titanium dioxide and niobium pentoxide addition on the properties of zirconia toughened alumina added with MgO (ZTA-MgO) ceramic composite
Authors: Ismaila Hamisah , Zarawi Nur Izzati , Mohamad Hasmaliza 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The desire for convincing high-speed machining cutting tools has resulted in the fabrication of innovative composite materials and multi-phase ceramics with exceptional fracture toughness. This study uses niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) and titanium oxide (TiO2) as material additives to increase fracture toughness in zirconia toughened alumina added with magnesium oxide (ZTA-MgO) ceramic composite. Adding TiO2 and Nb2O5 reduces alumina’s sintering temperature and improves physical and mechanical properties. The study found optimal values for density, porosity, fracture toughness, hardness, fracture and crack propagation at composition 3 wt.% TiO2. The sintered samples were classified according to their density, porosity, hardness, fracture toughness, crack propagation and microstructural examination by XRD and SEM. It was found that an optimal value for density, hardness and fracture toughness at 3 wt.% of Nb2O5 and TiO2 with the value of density 4.102 g/cm3, a hardness of 1145.6 HV and for fracture toughness is 9.36 MPa√m, respectively.
Polymer Blend and Plasticized Blend for Shape Memory and 3D Applications of Polylactic Acid (PLA): A Mini Review
Authors: Johar M. , Shafiq M.D. , Rusli A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
3D printing offers numerous advantages to advanced manufacturing and design sectors. However, the parts produced are often fixed and rigid. Meanwhile, shape memory polymers (SMPs) are polymers that are able to regain their original shape or volume after deformation when exposed to different external stimuli, most often temperature. The number of SMPs printable using a common 3D printing process such as Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is still limited. This brief review covers research on polymer blends and plasticized polymers to produce a material with enhanced performance, particularly polylactic acid (PLA) in both 3D printing and shape memory applications. It begins with examining the common polymers, blends and plasticized blends and the limitations of the 3D printing process. Then, it explores types of polymers, mechanisms driving shape memory, and techniques for evaluating shape memory performance. Additionally, the current emerging technology involving the combination of both technologies, 3D printing of SMPs, commonly termed 4D printing technology is also discussed. Finally, insights into the potential and challenges surrounding polymer blends and plasticized polymers in the context of 4D technology are provided.
Variations of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Behaviour in Southeast Asia: Insights from Geomagnetically Quiet Days
Authors: Johari N. A. N. , Sarudin I. , Hamid N. S. A. , Ismail N. A. , Selvakumar L. K. , Nor N. A. A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the behaviour of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) during quiet days in Southeast Asia (SEA). The behaviour of EPB was determined by observing their number (n) and zonal drift velocity (VE) from 2011 to 2013. The variation of the n and VE during quiet days was investigated monthly and seasonally each year. Three networks which are Malaysia Real-Time Kinematics GNSS Network (MyRTKnet), Sumatran GPS Array networks (SuGAr) and International GNSS Service (IGS) in SEA that consists of 127 receivers were utilized to collect the high-density GPS data. The data were then used to generate the zonal keogram of the rate of total electron content index (ROTI) to estimate n and VE. From the observed data, there were 376 days characterized as geomagnetically quiet according to the Kp index, with a total of 2592 EPBs observed using ROTI keogram. The highest VE was found to be ∼126 m/s during the equinox, while the lowest was ∼65 m/s in December solstice. In addition, the maximum and minimum n throughout the period were 1937 during the equinox and 163 in December solstice, respectively. While a distinct diurnal pattern emerged for n throughout 2011 until 2013, a clear diurnal pattern of VE was only evident in 2013. This observation suggests a potential link between the year with a diurnal VE pattern and the continuous presence of EPB.
Strategic Planning for Transforming Underground Mines into Future Geotourism
Authors: Ajatasatru Anshar , Widodo Ahmad , Hall Anthony 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This paper provide details a strategic initiative to incorporate geotourism into the Grasberg Block Cave (GBC) mine. The aims of this study is to enhance educational opportunities for students, researchers, and academic institutions. The TOPSIS methodology was used to evaluate various mine levels based on critical factors such as safety, accessibility, and environmental impact. This evaluation informed a phased development strategy, prioritizing the haulage level for initial development due to their strong infrastructure and high operational safety. Subsequent phases will focus on lower-priority levels for specialized or virtual educational programs, optimizing resource allocation and minimizing risks. Stakeholder engagement is integrated into each development phase, ensuring that the educational programs are both relevant and effective. The strategy emphasizes robust risk management and sustainability, ensuring that the project remains safe, environmentally responsible, and financially viable. This initiative not only broadens our educational outreach but also positions the GBC mine as a leader in sustainable and innovative mining practices. Future research will explore the application of these strategies to other contexts and the incorporation of emerging technologies to further enhance the geotourism experience.
Inventory of geodiversity, biodiversity, cultural diversity and geotourism potential at Suoh Aspiring Geopark for designation of geopark area
Authors: Mulyasari Rahmi , Jati Widiatama Angga , Alfattah Khairu Mahli Razki , Fadhil Al-Harits Muhammad , Sarkowi Muh , Haerudin Nandi , Hesti  , Wiki Utama Hari , Ermayuli  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Suoh is an area of very high geological uniqueness located in the Watermelon pull-apart depression. Geopark designation requires a comprehensive understanding of the natural and cultural elements that contribute to its uniqueness and sustainability. Therefore, it is necessary to inventory the geotourism potential (diversity of geology, biology, and culture) that exists in candidate of Suoh Geopark area. This research tries to inventory and identify the potential by using a complex spatial and territorial approach. Technically, the method used is by classifying geosites and summarizing basic geological features combined with descriptive analysis of geotourism potential. The results showed that 39 geosites were identified, which illustrate the geological tectonic evolution and geomorphic features of aspiring Suoh Geopark. A total of 6 biosites were inventoried based on their unique natural features in West Lampung. In addition, 17 cultural diversity sites were also identified that illustrate the interaction between culture and geological landscapes. To increase the glory of Suoh Geopark it is important to establish a link between geological heritage and another aspects (biodiversity, cultural diversity).
Implementation of Information Technology Learning Media to Improve Geoparks Literacy in Maros-Pangkep Geopark Area through the Geological Information Center
Authors: Sas Abdillah 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This study examines the role of Maros-Pangkep GIC (Geological Information Center) in enhancing public geopark literacy through digital and reading literacy. Using a qualitative approach, including observations and interviews with visitors and center staff, the research reveals that while most visitors come for tourism, they perceive the center as an educational resource. The center effectively provides insights into Sulawesi’s geological history, disaster mitigation, and geopark information through engaging digital displays and audiovisual media. Findings show that visitors generally possess basic digital literacy, frequently using devices for social media and information seeking. However, reading interest is influenced by content presentation, such as engaging visuals and user-friendly design. The integration of digital literacy and information technology-based media at the center significantly improves public understanding of complex geological topics. This study underscores the importance of developing digital learning tools and strategies to enhance geopark literacy, supporting conservation efforts, and sustainable community development in the Maros-Pangkep region. The proposed approach combines digital and reading literacy to effectively communicate geopark information, contributing to broader educational and sustainability goals.
Predictive assessment of pineapple chlorophyll content using proximal sensing and visible bands through ground & UAV inspection
Authors: Nurfaiz Abd Kharim Muhammad , Kayat Fatimah , Mohamed Ridwan Raimi , Adilah Idris Akmal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Visual observation in monitoring plant growth, health condition, and stands estimation is tedious and inaccurate, especially involving large-scale field planting. The main objective of the study is to test a new method to determine chlorophyll content and provide a fast, effective, and accurate tool for detecting the pineapple plant’s health, and canopy stands estimation in the field. The experiment used portable SPAD proximal sensing to acquire pineapple D-leaf spectral reflectance, RGB reading and UAV aerial imagery. Ground truths data sampling was also performed to observe, measured, and collected for leaf sampling, number of flowerings, and fruiting. Hence, correlation and regression analysis were employed to determine the strength of the relationship between the SPAD measurements and the RGB reading obtained. The coefficient of determination (R2) was used to compare the performance of predictive assessment. There were various spatial and temporal differences in pineapple chlorophyll content and RGB reading even though were planted at a similar time with uniform farm management including fertilizer applications. The result showed that there was a strong relationship (correlation & regression analysis) between the SPAD measurements of pineapple D-leaf with the RGB reading which could be used as a sensor to determine the status of chlorophyll content during the flowering and fruiting stages. This predictive assessment would be beneficial in monitoring the health assessment, especially the chlorophyll content of pineapple plants in the field either through ground or UAV aerial image inspection using an inexpensive, fast, non-destructive, and accurate tool for the pineapple farmer.
Extraction Of Citronella And Patchouli Using Microwave-Assisted Extraction Methods
Authors: Azrifirwan  , Oktri Yuvia Vini , Santosa  , Ifmalinda  
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Fluctuating essential oil prices are still a problem today. Citronella and patchouli are the leading commodities of essential oils in West Sumatra. Extraction of essential oils usually uses traditional methods, but this method has disadvantages such as long extraction time, large energy consumption, and low yield. One innovative solution to overcome these problems is to use the microwave-assisted extraction method. This research aims to determine the effective operational conditions for extraction using the microwave-assisted extraction method on citronella and patchouli commodities. The treatment in this study was pretreatment, namely exposure of the material to 100 watts of microwave power for 15 minutes and drying at room temperature for 2 days. Extraction power for citronella is 400, 500, 600, and 700 watts for 3 hours. Extraction power for patchouli is 600, 700, 800, and 900 watts for 6 hours. The results obtained effective conditions for citronella extraction, namely pretreatment drying at room temperature for 2 days, extraction power of 600 watts with a yield of 2.1%. The effective condition for patchouli extraction is room temperature drying pretreatment for 2 days, 700 watts extraction power with a yield of 5.4%
Paddy Disease Detection through Vision Transformers
Authors: Chin Wallace F L , Suhaili Wida S 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Rice has an indispensable role as part of global food production. Despite being a staple food, Brunei Darussalam struggles with attaining self-sufficiency in rice, relying heavily on imports to meet consumption demands. With an inverse relationship between available resources and global population, there needs to be a focus on ‘doing more with less’ to increase crop output. Paddy diseases inflict volatility in both crop quality and yield. Timely diagnosis of paddy is imperative for reducing losses. Traditional diagnosis methods are both time-consuming and unreliable, urging the need for a faster, more efficient approach. The main objective of the study is to determine the viability and performance of transformer-based models trained on publicly available datasets in paddy disease classification. A comparative study is performed on applying fine-tuning to various Convolutional Neural Networks and Transformer models. The models are evaluated on a dataset of Bruneian diseased paddy. To meet the principles of ethical AI, attention maps are explored to improve the trustworthiness and robustness of the model. Results indicate that the transformer-based models outperformed the CNN models, indicating that transformers have potential in improving existing works in paddy disease detection. Preliminary feedback revealed attention maps increased overall trust in the system’s predictions.
The Application of Climate Smart Agriculture Technology to Optimise Fertiliser Usage at Paddy Field Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Hassan Rosita , Suhaili Wida S. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Global food insecurity has already been rising, mainly due to climate change phenomena. This is aggravated by supply chain disruptions due to the war in Ukraine and economic fallout of the COVID-19 pushing food prices to an all time high. The great challenge is to adapt to climate change while trying to increase food production. Climate Smart Agriculture Technology (CSAT) is a set of agricultural practices and technologies that can boost productivity, enhance resilience and reduce GHG emissions. Central to the success of CSAT is the application of precision farming with the use of IOT sensors and aerial photography. This research examines the application of CSAT in a paddy field in Brunei Darussalam. Data from soil sensors and aerial drone imagery were used to influence better and more informed decision-making. Variable rate technology (VRT) was used to control the fertilizer application based on what was needed by the crop. Since a precise amount of fertiliser was applied, VRT can boost the efficiency of resource utilization, leading to increased crop yields and profitability. The application of CSAT in this case study saved the farmer around 60% by changing the type of fertilizer and reducing the amount used.
Preliminary analysis to optimise the drying process of mini vertical silo dryer
Authors: Iqbal Abdi Lubis Muhammad , Syahdia Hasibuan Halimatus , Alexander Divalino , Maharani Nasution Afrilia 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Drying is a process to reduce moisture content from the product. A mini vertical silo dryer with the LPG as a heat-sources has been manufactured and it still has less efficiency and effectiveness for drying paddy. A key factor to enlarge the efficiency and the effectiveness of a dryer depend on the heat transfer process. The aims of this study were to find the most suitable solution to optimise the heat transfer process by comparing location of insulator to hold on the heat loss. This research conducted on August 2024 with five treatments (E0 as control and E1 – E4 as treatments which is used some insulator on the different locations) for 180 minutes testing time. E4 resulted in the shortest amount of time to reach the required drying time of 60°C. While, control, E1, and E2 did not reached the optimum temperature needed for drying paddy. The average temperature recorded at 3 different areas on surface insulator were 48.793°C (E1); 45.915°C (E2); 43.530°C (E3); and 44.531°C (E4), while E0 recorded the highest temperature (54.533°C). The lowest heat loss rate shown on the E3 (225.691 Watt/m2.°K) and heat loss rate on the E4 is 238.163 Watt/m2.°K. It can be concluded that E4 is the most promising in optimising the paddy drying process.
Expert panel opinions on carbon sequestration through bamboo utilisation in Malaysia: Rehabilitation of tin mines
Authors: Pimid Marcela , Thevan Kumara 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tin mining was once crucial to Malaysia’s economy, but its decline left large areas of land severely degraded with poor soils and minimal vegetation. Bamboo has become a promising alternative for ecological restoration in these areas, but the understanding of carbon sequestration using bamboo remains limited. The study has two main objectives: (1) to evaluate the existing practices of carbon sequestration using bamboo in Malaysia, and (2) to assess the benefits of bamboo cultivation for its ecological functions and economic viability. This study investigates the perspectives of experts on the use of bamboo for carbon sequestration, particularly in the rehabilitation of tin mines in Malaysia, through panel expert interviews. The results showed that carbon sequestration in Malaysia is still in its early stages. Understanding of bamboo’s capacity to absorb CO2 and release oxygen varies among stakeholders. The experts recommended two bamboo-based benefit models: (1) using bamboo for carbon sequestration on degraded tin mining land, and (2) producing high-value downstream bamboo products such as bamboo biochar, bamboo panels, bamboo-based food, and handicrafts. The panel identified major challenges to bamboo utilisation in Malaysia, including land use competition, the need for specialised knowledge in bamboo cultivation, effective regulations, funding, and the willingness of the industry to engage with relevant stakeholders. Bamboo’s key characteristics include rapid growth, high carbon absorption capacity, and its ability to stabilise soil. Recommendations for improving the use of bamboo in tin mine rehabilitation include enhanced training programs for local farmers, revisions to government incentives and policies, and further research into suitable bamboo species for rehabilitating tin mines or degraded land.
Study of The Erosion Hazard Level (EHL) of Nagari Lawang, Matur District, Agam Regency
Authors: Zawiyah  , Yanti Delvi , Irsyad Fadli , Agita Tjandra M. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This research aimed to determine the erosion hazard level (EHL) of Nagari Lawang. Determination of EHL was approached by using the (USLE) Universal Soil Loss Equation based on land map units, with conservation direction based on the level of erosion hazard that occurred. The research showed that the Nagari Lawang area’s Erosion Hazard Index (EHI) was dominated by the very light category, with an area of 727.58 ha (52.75%), with an average erosion rate of 3.32 tons/year. In regions with EHI with the light, medium and heavy categories, the total area was 651.6 ha (47.25%), including worrying erosion, because the erosion had exceeded the permitted erosion.
Effects of contaminated irrigation water on green lettuce growth on Wick Hydroponic System
Authors: Sari N , Rusnam  , Putri A E , Zahwa T M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Well water around the Air Dingin Landfill has a high potential to be contaminated by various types of waste, both organic and inorganic, which can seep into the soil and contaminate underground water sources. This condition raises questions about the suitability of such well water for use in agricultural practices, particularly hydroponic systems, which are becoming increasingly popular with urban farmers and hobbyists. This study aims to prove that plant quality is also influenced by the water quality of the growing medium. There are 2 water source treatments, well water taken before the rainy day (SBH) and well water taken after the rainy day (STH) with distilled water as a control. Observations were made on leaf length and chlorophyll of green lettuce. From these 2 treatments, the average growth of green lettuce leaf length resulting from the use of well water before rain (SBH) is 7.87 cm, while the average growth of green lettuce leaf length resulting from the use of well water after rain (STH) is 8.22 cm. Chlorophyll observations on green lettuce SBH worth an average of 12.19 (μg) while on green lettuce STH worth 12.98 (μg). The conclusion of this study is that the concentration of contaminants found is very low to affect the growth of lettuce plants. This can be seen from the values of leaf chlorophyll and leaf length of lettuce, which did not decrease despite the use of Pb-contaminated water for the growing medium.