bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of screen time, quality of sleep and dry eye in college-going women of Northern India
Authors: Gupta Parul Chawla , Rana Minakshi , Ratti Mamta , Duggal Mona , Agarwal Aniruddha , Khurana Surbhi , Jugran Deepak , Bhargava Nisha , Ram Jagat 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the association of daily screen time and quality of sleep with the prevalence of dry eye among college-going women.

Methods:
This study was a cross-sectional, comparative questionnaire-based study of 547 college-going women in northern India. A 10-item Mini Sleep Questionnaire was used to check the quality of sleep, and the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) scale was used to examine the prevalence of dry eye among college-going women.

Results:
Multinomial logistic regression showed a significant association between dry eye with daily screen time spent (P < 0.05) and the quality of sleep (P < 0.05) among college-going girls. Using Latent Class Analysis, two latent classes were selected based on the Bayesian Information Criteria. It was found that the majority population falls in class two and was having Severe Sleep-Wake difficulty. It was seen that the participants in class two belonged to the age bracket of 18–21 years, were from stream Humanities, education of father and mother equal to graduation, father working only, belonging to the nuclear family, having one sibling, hailing from the urban locality, spending more than 6 h daily on-screen, a majority of them using mobile phones, not using eye lubricants, and reported an increase in screen time during COVID-19.

Conclusion:
Dry eye and sleep quality are essential global health issues, and coupled with increased screen time, may pose a challenge in the present era. Preventive strategies need to be incorporated in school and college curriculums to promote physical, social, and psychological well-being and quality of life.
Therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord–derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in rats with optic nerve injury
Authors: Looi Sook Y. , Bastion Mae-Lynn C , Leow Sue N , Luu Chi D , Hairul N MH , Ruhaslizan Raduan , Wong Hon S , Haslina Abdul H Wan , Ng Min H , Ruszymah B Hj Idrus , Then Kong Y 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
There are no effective treatments currently available for optic nerve transection injuries. Stem cell therapy represents a feasible future treatment option. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord–derived mesenchymal stem cell (hUC-MSC) transplantation in rats with optic nerve injury.

Methods:
Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats were divided into three groups: a no-treatment control group (n = 6), balanced salt solution (BSS) treatment group (n = 6), and hUC-MSCs treatment group (n = 6). Visual functions were assessed by flash visual evoked potential (fVEP) at baseline, Week 3, and Week 6 after optic nerve crush injury. Right eyes were enucleated after 6 weeks for histology.

Results:
The fVEP showed shortened latency delay and increased amplitude in the hUC-MSCs treated group compared with control and BSS groups. Higher cellular density was detected in the hUC-MSC treated group compared with the BSS and control groups. Co-localized expression of STEM 121 and anti-S100B antibody was observed in areas of higher nuclear density, both in the central and peripheral regions.

Conclusion:
Peribulbar transplantation of hUC-MSCs demonstrated cellular integration that can potentially preserve the optic nerve function with a significant shorter latency delay in fVEP and higher nuclear density on histology, and immunohistochemical studies observed cell migration particularly to the peripheral regions of the optic nerve.
The effectiveness of a three-step sterilization method for Goldmann tonometer prism: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Hu Jinping , Liu Jun , Xia Jingting , Yan Jingyu , Liu Zheng , Ma Dan 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To propose a three-step sterilization method for Goldmann tonometer prism (GTP) and to analyze the sterilization effects of each step.

Methods:
120 patients (240 eyes) who underwent Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT) IOP measurement were enrolled in this study. GTPs were used individually for each patient and wiped by swabs soaked with 75% ethyl alcohol, ofloxacin eye drops, and 75% ethyl alcohol for at least 5 s. GTPs were directly pressed onto the surface of agar plates before (W0) and after three-step sterilization (W1, W2, and W3). All the agars were sent to the laboratory in 2 h and incubated at 37°C for 48 h. Subsequently, the growth of microbial species was assessed through visual inspection of the colonies at the inoculation points on the agar surface.

Results:

Staphylococcus. epidermidis was the most frequently isolated bacterium and was observed in 23.33% of all prisms. Most of the bacteria were eliminated at W3 except Staphylococcus. epidermidis and Kocuria roseus in one case. The isolation rates of Staphylococcus genus and Staphylococcus. epidermidis were significantly decreased (both with P < 0.001). The number of bacteria types isolated from prisms at time point W2 and W3 had a statistically significant difference compared with W1 and W (both with P < 0.05), while W2 and W3 exhibited no significant difference.

Conclusion:
This three-step sterilization method for GTP proved to be effective and safe for repeated use. We recommend using ofloxacin to prevent the transmission of pathogens based on ethyl alcohol, which could also bring some economic benefits.
Viscocanalostomy and combined phacoemulsification with viscocanalostomy: A five-year follow-up
Authors: Lyons Conor M , Oehring Daniela , Mathews Divya 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To assess the effectiveness and safety of viscocanalostomy (VC) and phaco-viscocanalostomy (PV) surgeries in eyes with a five-year follow-up.

Methods:
Retrospective review of patients who underwent VC and PV between January 2010 and December 2012 in the Stanley Eye Unit Abergele, UK. Patients were included for the analysis if they had a full 5-year follow-up or required redo surgery in the 5-year period. Success was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) of <21 mmHg. The subanalysis included IOP <16 mmHg, IOP reduction >20%, and IOP reduction >30%, the complication rate, and the drop in the use of glaucoma medications post-surgery.

Results:
A total of 370 eyes from 303 patients were included for the analysis. The mean preoperative IOP was 23 mmHg ± 5.3 mmHg with an average of 3.0 ± 0.1 medications. By year 5, this was reduced to 14.3 mmHg ± 6.5 mmHg with a mean of 1.0+/- 0.9 medications; 47.8% of the eyes had an IOP of <21 mmHg by year 5 without medication with a total of 92.6% of the eyes reaching this target with medication. The main complication in this group was the perforation of the Trabeculo Descemet’s Window (TDW) but this was not associated with a poorer outcome.

Conclusion:
This large data set of eyes undergoing VC surgery demonstrates the effectiveness and safety of this technique over 5 years.
The outcome of 70/30 taco insertion through a 2.8 mm clear corneal incision in Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty - A retrospective analysis
Authors: Narayanan Niveditha , Jain Nikhila , Ravi Praneesh , Natarajan Viswanathan 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To assess the long-term outcome of graft insertion by taco technique through a 2.8-mm clear corneal incision in patients undergoing Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK).

Methods:
This is a retrospective interventional case series of 77 eyes of 75 patients who underwent DSAEK in a tertiary eye hospital. The DSAEK donor grafts were folded to an uneven 70/30 taco and held at a single point using Utrata forceps. All insertions were through a 2.8-mm clear corneal incision except the two aphakic patients requiring combined SFIOL implantation. All patients underwent a comprehensive eye examination preoperatively and were followed up to 6 years postoperatively. Visual outcomes, graft clarity, and complications of all and endothelial cell loss in 22 patients with available postop specular microscopy were analyzed.

Results:
Overall, 59 (76.6%) had clear grafts until the final follow-up. Visual acuity improved in 48 (62.3%) from an average of 1.3 to 0.8 logMAR (P = 0.0001). Vision was maintained in seven and worsened in four eyes. Grafts failed in 18 (23.3%) eyes: seven (9%) were primary failures, two post rejection, four done for failed PK did not clear, four due to worsening of preexisting glaucoma, and one noncompliant failed eventually. Average endothelial cell density reduction was 26.3% (mean preop donor 2419 to postop 1779 cells/mm2; P = 0.000).

Conclusion:
Our study shows good long-term clinical outcome of DSAEK using Taco technique through a 2.8-mm clear corneal incision in a tertiary hospital.
Surgical outcomes of concomitantly performed penetrating keratoplasty with intrascleral haptic fixation
Authors: Agarwal Rinky , Yadav Saumya , Maharana Prafulla K , Bafna Rahul K , Shakarwal Chetan , Sharma Namrata 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To describe the surgical results of concomitantly performed optical penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) with glued intrascleral haptic fixation (ISHF).

Methods:
Retrospective review of 18 patients (15–72 years) with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of ≤1/60 subjected to unilateral concomitant optical PKP with ISHF and followed up for 13.11 ± 5.83 months (6–26 months) was undertaken.

Results:
The most common diagnoses were failed PKP (9/18, 50%) followed by aphakic bullous keratopathy (5/18, 27%). Preoperative glaucoma, peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS), and deep vascularization were present in 7/18 (38.88%), 12/18 (61.11%), and 5/18 (27.77%) patients, respectively. Intraoperatively, concomitant procedures such as pupilloplasty and intraocular lens explant were undertaken in 5/18 (27.277%) patients and 1/18 patients (5.55%) experienced suprachoroidal hemorrhage. At final follow-up, BCVA was ≥6/60 in 50% patients (mean astigmatism: 4.79 ± 1.68D), and 55.55% cases experienced graft failure (90% failed within one year of surgery). The most common causes of graft failure were glaucoma (50%), glaucoma with rejection (20%), rejection (10%), retinal detachment (10%), and suprachoroidal hemorrhage (10%). The ODDS ratio (OR) of having graft failure with the following factors was postoperative secondary interventions (OR: 6), postoperative complications (OR: 2.25), prior failed graft (OR: 1.8), preoperative PAS (OR: 1.75), intraoperative concomitant procedures (OR: 1.5), preoperative glaucoma (OR: 1.33), previous surgeries (OR: 1.24), and deep corneal vessels (OR: 0.66).

Conclusion:
All patients underlying PKP combined with glued ISHF must be counseled about suboptimal surgical outcomes. Emphasis is laid on appropriate case selection and stringent follow-up during the first year after surgery. Secondary interventions should be undertaken cautiously and judiciously in these patients.
Sobre las perífrasis verbales de gerundio en La Rambla paralela de Fernando Vallejo
Authors: Markič Jasmina 
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo se dedica a analizar las perífrasis verbales de gerundio y a destacar el papel que estas estructuras desempeñan en el estilo específico de Fernando Vallejo en una de sus novelas autobiográficas, La Rambla paralela. En la introducción se presentan brevemente la estructura narrativa de la novela y sus temas recurrentes como el paso del tiempo en el que el presente y el pasado se diluyen en un futuro que lleva a la muerte. El título de la obra es significativo e implica un paralelismo en el que se encuentra el protagonista que se mueve entre la vida y la muerte, entre su presente y su pasado, entre Barcelona y Medellín.
La segunda parte se centra en el análisis de las perífrasis verbales de gerundio que aparecen en el texto. Estas estructuras verbales señalan un evento en su curso e indican diferentes valores tempoaspectuales y modales. Los auxiliares son frecuentemente verbos de movimiento que, aunque pierden parcial o totalmente su valor pleno de movimiento, mantienen un matiz de dinamicidad. Así, por ejemplo, la perífrasis ir + gerundio, además de su valor aspectual de progresión lenta, tiene un fuerte valor expresivo que ayuda a crear imágenes de eventos durativos y progresivos destacando el fluir imparable del tiempo. De esta manera respalda la temática principal de la novela que se presenta como un río de gente en un fluir permanente, como metáfora del paso del tiempo y de la vida pero también de un movimiento recurrente de ida y vuelta.
The Lexical Availability of “Daily Activities” in Learners of Spanish (SFL)
Authors: Šifrar Kalan Marjana 
Published: December 2021

The objective of the present work, which focuses on the teaching and learning of Spanish vocabulary, is to present the lexical availability of Slovene students of Spanish as a foreign language (SFL) in the semantic category “daily activities”.
The quantitative and qualitative differences and similarities of lexical availability output in this semantic category, as obtained by two groups of informants of different levels of SFL, are compared: 100 high school students (approximate level B1) and 100 university students (approximate level B2 +). The results obtained from this sample are compared with those of a study carried out by Sánchez-Saus Laserna (2011), which presents a sample of 322 SFL informants of different mother tongues in the same semantic category. This category, which is not one of those traditionally used in the studies of lexical availability, has been chosen since the lack of other grammatical categories than nouns is one of the main problems that has been attributed to the studies of lexical availability, which makes it impossible to closely reflect the vocabulary that SFL students know. Likewise, it is intended to check if the associations correspond to the grammatical category of the stimulus (in this case the verbs), since other semantic categories are indicated by the nouns. We intend to check the validity of the following hypotheses:
1) The production of lexical availability of high school students with less knowledge (B1) of Spanish is lower than that of university students (B2 +).
2) There is a qualitative similarity between the results of the two groups of Slovene SFL students.
3) For the most part, the associations correspond to the same grammatical category indicated by the cue words of the semantic category; in this case the verbs.
4) There is quantitative and qualitative similarity between the results of the present study and those of Sánchez-Saus Laserna (2011).
Coronaphobia in patients with fibromyalgia
Authors: Külekçioğlu Sevinç , Akyüz Merve , İnan Özenç , Çetin Alp 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the level of coronaphobia caused by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and to compare the results in patients without FMS.
Patients and methods: Between August 2020 and October 2020, a total of 61 patients who were admitted to our outpatient clinic were included. The patients were divided into two groups as Group 1 (n=30; 2 males, 28 females; mean age: 43.2±9.3 years; range, 21 to 61 years) consisting of patients who were newly diagnosed or under follow-up for FMS and Group 2, the control group, (n=31; 4 males, 27 females; mean age: 49±10.7 years; range, 25 to 66 years) consisting patients who presented with any locomotor system complaint and were not diagnosed with FMS. Sociodemographic data of the patients and comorbidities were recorded. All the patients in both groups completed the COVID-19 Phobia Scale (C19P-S).
Results: The C19P-S total score and psychological, psychosomatic, social, and economic subscale scores were statistically significantly higher in the FMS group than the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Our study results suggest that FMS patients have more concerns in this extraordinary global pandemic situation. Early detection of coronaphobia and timely psychological support are critical for individuals prone to psychological disorders, such as FMS.
Relationship between shoulder ultrasound findings and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A pilot study
Authors: Akdeniz Leblebicier Merve , Yaman Fatıma , Saraçoğlu İsmail , Kavuncu Vural , İmal Kızılkaya Meltem 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate whether shoulder ultrasound (US) findings were associated with disease activity and pain level in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.
Patients and methods: Between April 2019 and November 2019, a total of 60 shoulders of 30 female patients with RA (mean age: 53.8±12.0 years; range, 30 to 65 years) were included. The patients were questioned about shoulder pain and their Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28) was estimated. After clinical examination with shoulder impingement tests, both shoulders were evaluated by US.
Results: Of 60 shoulders examined by shoulder US, the most common shoulder pathology was supraspinatus tendinopathy (n=33, 55%). The prevalence of subdeltoid bursitis on US was significantly higher in the group with moderate disease activity, compared to the group with low disease activity (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in the physical examination findings of patients with low and moderate disease activity. In terms of US findings, subscapularis tendinopathy, glenohumeral joint and acromioclavicular joint degeneration, and subacromial bursitis were more common in shoulders with a history of pain, compared to non-painful shoulders.
Conclusion: Shoulder US may be useful for demonstrating shoulder involvement in patients with RA, independent of the presence of shoulder pain.
Disease characteristics in patients with juvenile- and adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: A multi-center comparative study
Authors: Gamal Sherif M , Fouad Nermeen , Yosry Nora , Badr Wael , Sobhy Nesreen 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study aims to compare disease characteristics in patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) and adult-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (ASLE).
Patients and methods: Between June 2010 and March 2020, a total of 186 patients with JSLE (23 males, 163 females; median age: 25 years; range, 20 to 30.3 years) and 236 patients with ASLE (23 males, 213 females; median age: 35 years; range, 29 to 40 years) were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical and laboratory data, treatment received, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC)/ACR Damage Index (SDI) scores, comorbidities and deaths were compared between the groups.
Results: The JSLE patients showed statistically significant higher constitutional manifestations, cardiac manifestations, serositis, nephritis, end-stage renal disease, neurological manifestations, gastrointestinal manifestations, secondary vasculitis, Raynaud’s, livedo-reticularis, dry mouth, dry eye, ocular manifestations, avascular necrosis, hematological manifestations, and hypocomplementemia (p<0.001, p=0.016, p=0.005, p=0.001, p=0.04, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.002, p=0.043, p=0.004, p=0.03, p<0.001, p=0.01, p<0.001, and p=0.001, respectively). Median SLEDAI scores were statistically significant higher in the JSLE group, both at onset (p<0.001) and in the final follow-up visit (p<0.001). Median SLICC scores were also higher in the JSLE group (p<0.001). Mycophenolate mofetil and intravenous pulse steroids were more frequently used in the juvenile group (p<0.001 and p=0.03, respectively). Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and avascular necrosis were found to be statistically significantly higher in the JSLE group (p<0.001, p=0.006, and p=0.01, respectively). The mortality rate was statistically significantly higher in the JSLE group than the ASLE group (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The JSLE patients showed more serious manifestations, higher disease activity, higher damage index, and mortality rate compared to ASLE patients. These results suggest the need of a regular follow-up and close surveillance of JSLE patients.
A retrospective review of antiphospholipid syndrome from a South Asian country
Authors: Zain Mushtaq Muhammad , Ahsan Ali Syed , Sattar Zaibunnisa , Bin Zafar Mahmood Saad , Amber Tazein , Riaz Mehmood 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: This study aims to investigate clinical presentations, antiphospholipid antibody patterns and their levels, therapeutic regimens, and outcomes in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) admitted to a tertiary care hospital of a South Asian country.
Patients and methods: Between January 2009 and December 2019, a total of 216 patients with APS (8 males, 208 females; median age: 35.7±6.9 years; range, 20 to 76 years) who either fulfilled the modified Sydney criteria or those who satisfied only clinical criteria along with positive antiphospholipid antibody on at least one occasion (probable APS) were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: The majority of the patients (n=183, 84.7%) had obstetric complications, followed by venous thrombosis in 23 (10.8%) patients. Recurrent early abortions in 126 (58.6%) and deep venous thrombosis in 16 (7.4%) patients were the most prevalent obstetrical and venous events, respectively, whereas limb gangrene in seven (3.3%) and ischemic stroke in seven (3.3%) were the most common arterial events. A total of 190 (88%) patients had primary APS, while 26 (12%) had secondary APS. Systemic lupus erythematosus was the frequent association with secondary APS found in 19 (73%) patients. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) anticardiolipin antibody was present in 173 (65.0%) patients, being the most commonly reported antibody. Probable catastrophic APS was found in four (1.9%) patients. Majority of the patients (n=190, 87.9%) were treated with a combination of acetylsalicylic acid and low-molecular-weight heparin. Single mortality was observed in our study population due to complications related to catastrophic APS.
Conclusion: Antiphospholipid syndrome has a wide range of thrombotic and obstetrical manifestations with important variations in different regions of the world. There is a significant morbidity and mortality related to APS, despite treatment with anticoagulation and; therefore, describing prognostic markers and optimal therapeutic interventions is pivotal to prevent complications.
The Zombie as a Mirror of Modern Mass Culture
Authors: Yakushenkov Serguey N. , Yakushenkova Olesya S. 
Published: December 2021

Zombies were and still are one of the most important symbols of modern mass culture. The zombie discourse originated among African slaves brought to the sugar plantations in the Caribbean. In many ways, the narratives of the “living dead” were a reaction to the crisis phenomena of plantation life. This is evidenced by the rich comparative material presented on many peoples of the world. Such notions of invulnerability after formal death proved to be an important tool of resistance to new conditions caused by external threats. Termed “revitalization,” they were an important element of the Millennialist movements. While initially the sorcerers who could bring themselves back to life were central to these beliefs, in the following period the focus shifted to the victims of various manipulations, transformed into soulless beings. Leaving the environment of their original “habitat,” zombies took on a new life, occupying a firm place in modern mass culture. Having become a symbol of ruthless exploitation of man, relegated to the level of a machine appendage, zombies proved to be one of the most “productive” symbols. They reflected the main trends in the development of society and even began to function as instruments of philosophical reflection. All this allows us to consider zombies as an indicator of altered society, producing new “walking dead”. The metaphors associated with zombies allows us to conclude that the comprehension of zombies makes modern man begin to perceive them constructively, creating a new image, demonstrating the movement towards humanization.