bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Road infrared target detection with I‐YOLO
Authors: Sun Mingyuan , Zhang Haochun , Huang Ziliang , Luo Yueqi , Li Yiyi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe detection of road infrared targets is essential for autonomous driving. Different from RGB images, the acquisition of infrared images is unaffected by visible light. However, the signal‐to‐noise ratio still presents significant challenges. This study demonstrates an improved infrared target detection model for road infrared target detection. An advanced EfficientNet is incorporated to replace the conventional structure and enhance feature extraction. A Dilated‐Residual U‐Net is also introduced to reduce the noise of infrared images. Meanwhile, the k‐means algorithm and data enhancement are implemented to improve the detection performance. The experimental results show that the mean average precision of the proposed model is observed to be 0.89 for the infrared road dataset with an average detection speed of 10.65 s−1.
UAV‐assisted data dissemination based on network coding in vehicular networks
Authors: Huang Shidong , Huang Chuanhe , Yin Yabo , Wu Dongfang , Ashraf M. Wasim Abbas , Fu Bin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEfficient and emergency data dissemination service in vehicular networks (VN) is very important in some situations, such as earthquakes, maritime rescue, and serious traffic accidents. Data loss frequently occurs in the data transition due to the unreliability of the wireless channel and there are no enough available UAVs providing data dissemination service for the large disaster areas. UAV with an adjustable active antenna can be used in light of the situation. However, data dissemination assisted by UAV with the adjustable active antenna needs corresponding effective data dissemination framework. A UAV‐assisted data dissemination method based on network coding is proposed. First, the graph theory to model the state of the data loss of the vehicles is used; the data dissemination problem is transformed as the maximum clique problem of the graph. With the coverage of the directional antenna being limited, a parallel method to find the maximum clique based on the region division is proposed. Lastly, the method's effectiveness is demonstrated by the simulation; the results show that the solution proposed can accelerate the solving process of finding the maximum clique and reduce the number of UAV broadcasts. This manuscript designs a novel scheme for the UAV‐assisted data dissemination in vehicular networks based on network coding. The graph theory is used to model the state of the data loss of the vehicles. With the coverage of the directional antenna being limited, then a parallel method is proposed to find the maximum clique of the graph based on the region division. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by the simulation.
Optimal roundabout control under fully connected and automated vehicle environment
Authors: Danesh Ali , Ma Wanjing , Yu Chunhui , Hao Ruochen , Ma Xiaolong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRoundabouts promise potential safety and efficiency benefits in the homogenous environment of conventional vehicles. However, their performance can deteriorate if high and/or imbalanced traffic exists. The advent of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) has provided great opportunities to make transportation infrastructures more efficient. The purpose of this study is to develop a model to optimally control CAVs at roundabouts under a fully CAV environment. A two‐stage optimization model is proposed to optimize vehicle trajectories. At the first stage, a mixed‐integer linear programming model is formulated that optimizes vehicle arrival time at the roundabout. Then the optimal arrival time is fed to the second stage model to optimize vehicle trajectories, which is a non‐linear programming model. CAVs are guaranteed to pass the roundabout safely without stops. Simulation tests are carried out with different demand levels and turning ratios. To evaluate the performance of the proposed model, delay and throughput are compared with a conventional strategy in which the roundabout is controlled by the yielding rules. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the impact of control zone length and roundabout diameters. The results show the advantages of the proposed model in terms of delay and throughput in both high and imbalanced traffic.
The mass ofβPictoris c fromβPictoris b orbital motion
Authors: Lacour S. , Wang J. J. , Rodet L. , Nowak M. , Shangguan J. , Beust H. , Lagrange A.-M. , Abuter R. , Amorim A. , Asensio-Torres R. , Benisty M. , Berger J.-P. , Blunt S. , Boccaletti A. , Bohn A. , Bolzer M.-L. , Bonnefoy M. , Bonnet H. , Bourdarot G. , Brandner W. , Cantalloube F. , Caselli P. , Charnay B. , Chauvin G. , Choquet E. , Christiaens V. , Clénet Y. , Coudé du Foresto V. , Cridland A. , Dembet R. , Dexter J. , de Zeeuw P. T. , Drescher A. , Duvert G. , Eckart A. , Eisenhauer F. , Gao F. , Garcia P. , Garcia Lopez R. , Gendron E. , Genzel R. , Gillessen S. , Girard J. H. , Haubois X. , Heißel G. , Henning Th. , Hinkley S. , Hippler S. , Horrobin M. , Houllé M. , Hubert Z. , Jocou L. , Kammerer J. , Keppler M. , Kervella P. , Kreidberg L. , Lapeyrère V. , Le Bouquin J.-B. , Léna P. , Lutz D. , Maire A.-L. , Mérand A. , Mollière P. , Monnier J. D. , Mouillet D. , Nasedkin E. , Ott T. , Otten G. P. P. L. , Paladini C. , Paumard T. , Perraut K. , Perrin G. , Pfuhl O. , Rickman E. , Pueyo L. , Rameau J. , Rousset G. , Rustamkulov Z. , Samland M. , Shimizu T. , Sing D. , Stadler J. , Stolker T. , Straub O. , Straubmeier C. , Sturm E. , Tacconi L. J. , van Dishoeck E. F. , Vigan A. , Vincent F. , von Fellenberg S. D. , Ward-Duong K. , Widmann F. , Wieprecht E. , Wiezorrek E. , Woillez J. , Yazici S. , Young A. ,   the GRAVITY Collaboration
Published: September 2021

Aims.We aim to demonstrate that the presence and mass of an exoplanet can now be effectively derived from the astrometry of another exoplanet.Methods.We combined previous astrometry ofβPictoris b with a new set of observations from the GRAVITY interferometer. The orbital motion ofβPictoris b is fit using Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations in Jacobi coordinates. The inner planet,βPictoris c, was also reobserved at a separation of 96 mas, confirming the previous orbital estimations.Results.From the astrometry of planet b only, we can (i) detect the presence ofβPictoris c and (ii) constrain its mass to 10.04−3.10+4.53MJup. If one adds the astrometry ofβPictoris c, the mass is narrowed down to 9.15−1.06+1.08MJup. The inclusion of radial velocity measurements does not affect the orbital parameters significantly, but it does slightly decrease the mass estimate to 8.89−0.75+0.75MJup. With a semimajor axis of 2.68 ± 0.02 au, a period of 1221 ± 15 days, and an eccentricity of 0.32 ± 0.02, the orbital parameters ofβPictoris c are now constrained as precisely as those ofβPictoris b. The orbital configuration is compatible with a high-order mean-motion resonance (7:1). The impact of the resonance on the planets’ dynamics would then be negligible with respect to the secular perturbations, which might have played an important role in the eccentricity excitation of the outer planet.
Einsatz von vorfrakturierten Präparaten für die Weiterbildung in Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie
Authors: Behrendt Peter , Frosch Karl-Heinz 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungInnovative Kursformate wie die „Lifelike-Fracture-Simulation“, d. h. das Operieren an vorfrakturierten Humanpräparaten mit intaktem Weichteilmantel, bieten enorme Chancen in der Fort- und
Weiterbildung junger Chirurginnen*innen. Dieser Artikel soll innovative Kurskonzepte vorstellen und das Spannungsfeld aus innerklinischer chirurgischer Weiterbildung und externen
Weiterbildungsmöglichkeiten beleuchten. Neben der Schuldung praktischer Fertigkeiten, stehen planerische und interpersonelle Kompetenzen im Fokus der novellierten Weiterbildungsordnung.
Comparison of the Thickness of the Fiber Layer of the Retinal Nerves in Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Normal Eyes Older Than 40 Years
Authors: Gündogan Medine , Kiliç Soner 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose To compare measurements of the thickness of the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and assess the agreement between three different devices for spectral domain optical coherence tomography.
Material and Methods The RNFL thickness of both eyes of 23 normal subjects older than 40 years was measured using Canon HS100, Topcon Maestro, and NIDEK RS-3000 devices. Both eyes of each subject were scanned in random order. All scans were completed on the same day in the morning. The average and four quadrants (superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal) of RNFL thickness were measured. To determine the differences in RNFL thickness, analysis of variance for repeated measurements was performed. A Bland-Altman plot was plotted, and coefficients of determination were calculated.
Results A total of 46 eyes of 23 subjects were enrolled in this study. The average RNFL thickness as determined by the three OCT devices was correlated (p < 0.001), but differed significantly between the three devices, as most were quadrant measurements. The mean average RNFL thickness was 98.5 ± 6.6 µm as measured by Canon HS100, 108.5 ± 8.8 µm as measured by Topcon Maestro, and 104.9 ± 9.0 µm as measured by NIDEK RS-3000. Topcon Maestro showed the highest average RNFL thickness value. Bland-Altman plots revealed considerable agreement among the three devices, except for the inferior quadrants between Topcon Maestro and NIDEK RS-3000 measurements. All three devices reveal considerable coefficients of determination values for mean RNFL thickness (0.917 – 0.127).
Conclusion Although the peripapillary RNFL thickness measurements taken with Canon HS100, Topcon Maestro, and NIDEK RS-3000 were in good agreement, they were not interchangeable in clinical practice, as the values differed significantly.
Stellenwert der Rehasprechstunden im BG Heilverfahren
Authors: Reimertz Christoph , Rindermann Matthias , Benner Sebastian , Hoffmann Reinhard 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungIn Rehasprechstunden stellen Unfallversicherungsträger ihre Patienten zur
Evaluation und Zweitmeinung vor, die auf Grund eines erlittenen Arbeitsunfalls
noch Rehabilitationsdefizite vorweisen oder Leistungen zur Teilhabe an Arbeit
und Gesellschaft erhalten. Diese Sprechstunden sind personell, strukturell und
zeitlich aufwändig und werden in großer Zahl, insbesondere in
Schwerverletztenartenverfahren-Häusern, durchgeführt.
Ziel der Arbeit Eine Befragung des Spitzenverbandes der Deutschen
Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung (DGUV) von 2015 bis 2017 zeigt eine
große Zufriedenheit bei Rehaberater, Patient und Arzt über die
durchgeführten interdisziplinären Sprechstunden im
Rehamanagement (23). Ziel dieser Arbeit ist zu überprüfen, ob
die Rehasprechstunden zu einer relevanten Änderung des Heilverfahrens
führen.
Material und Methoden In einer prospektiven Studie erfolgte über
einen Zeitraum von 3 Monaten die Erfassung aller insgesamt 451 Rehasprechstunden
der Berufsgenossenschaftlichen Unfallklinik Frankfurt am Main anhand eines
standardisierten Fragenbogens (Abb. 1
2
3
4
5) Die Erstellung der
Fragebögen und die Auswertung erfolgt mithilfe der professionellen
Umfragesoftware EvaSys.
Ergebnisse Die Verletzungsschwere der vorgestellten Patienten nach dem
Verletzungsartenverzeichnis ergab 36% Durchgangsarztverfahren,
45% Verletzungsartenverfahren- und 19%-
Schwerverletztenartenverfahren Fälle. Die Dauer der
Arbeitsunfähigkeit bei Erstvorstellung betrug bei 12%<3
Monate, 39%>3 Monate und bei 49%>6 Monate. Bei
40% der Patienten erfolgte eine Zusatzuntersuchung, auch mittels
Großgeräten (Computertomografiefoder Magnetresonanztherapie). In
29% der Fälle wurden Fallkonferenzen mit zusätzlichen
Spezialisten aus weiteren Fachbereichen durchgeführt. Eine
sozialmedizinische Aufklärung erfolgte in 74% der Fälle.
Bei 57% der Patienten wurde in der Sprechstunde eine Änderung im
Heilverfahren eingeleitet.
Schlussfolgerung Rehasprechstunden sind ein etabliertes Instrument im
Rehamanagement der Unfallversicherungsträger. Sie stellen ein
zusätzliches Sicherheitsnetz für Patienten mit ausbleibender
Arbeitsfähigkeit oder Rehadefiziten nach einem Arbeitsunfall dar. Sie
führen nicht nur zu einer Zufriedenheit der Patienten, sondern
führen, trotz zumeist schon langer Laufzeiten der Heilverfahren, noch zu
einer richtungsweisenden Änderung. Die erfolgte Auswertung zeigt die
Bedeutung der Rehasprechstunden als wichtige Stellschraube und Sicherheitsnetz
der Unfallversicherungsträger im medizinischen Rehamanagement.
Clear Expansion Plate: A Novel Technique
Authors: Behroozian Ahmad 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives Posterior crossbite is one of the most common orthodontic problems in primary and mixed dentition that induces deleterious and permanent effects on dentition, dentoskeletal structures, and esthetics. Early correction of unilateral and bilateral posterior crossbite is necessary to prevent these problems. Early intervention with removable Schwarz appliance is one of the useful appliances to correct posterior crossbite, but it has its own disadvantages.
Materials and Methods In this article, we have presented a new appliance and method of fabrication to aid the expansion of the maxilla.
Results The presented “clear expansion plate” that is made by thermoplastic sheets maintains all of the positive properties of the Schwarz plate and has several additional advantages.
Conclusion After being tested in clinical trials, traditional expansion plate can be replaced by clear expansion plate.
3D Printing-Assisted Skull Base Tumor Surgeries: An Institutional Experience
Authors: Chopra Sanjeev , Boro Ashim Kumar , Sinha Virendra Deo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology in neurosurgery has gained popularity nowadays. Skull base contains many major neurovascular structures in a confined space, along with anatomical variations making surgical approaches to this region challenging. 3D-printed model of skull base tumors consists of the patient's bony skull base, actual tumor dimensions, and surrounding major neurovascular structures. We included a total number of five patients with skull base tumors (one case of planum sphenoidale meningioma, two cases of sellar tumor with suprasellar extension, and two cases of cerebellopontine angle tumor) and 3D-printed tumor model of each of them. These models were used for preoperative simulation and served as very true to life training tool. These help in increasing the efficacy of the surgeon, improves surgical safety and ergonomics. They were also used for patient counselling, educating about the disease, the surgical procedure, and associated risks.
Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis Awareness and Knowledge among the Community of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Farran Eyas K. , Waggas Dania S. , Alkhunani Tala A. , Almuwallad Safwan A. , Aljohani Rola A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system that can lead to lifelong disabilities. There is a significant increase in the global incidence of the disease. In Saudi Arabia (SA), the western region has the greatest number of MS cases. However, there is a lack of studies and research to assess public knowledge in the region. Thus, we aim to assess the public's knowledge of MS in Jeddah, SA.

Methodology We conducted a cross-sectional study surveying 468 participants from the general population of Jeddah. A validated MS knowledge questionnaire (MSKQ-25) was used.

Results Most participants were female 347 (74.1%) with a mean age of 35.73 ± 14.71 standard deviation (SD). MS was found in 14 (3%) of the participants. The average score of the (MSKQ) was 7.42 SD ± 4.568 versus the average score of people with MS with a mean of 13.92 SD ± 3.33 and a p value > 0.001. No significant variation was found in knowledge between gender and age groups, but there was a significant correlation between the educational level and the knowledge level.

Conclusion The mean knowledge score was below average, which indicates poor knowledge of MS. Since the western region has the highest number of MS cases in SA, the level of understanding needs to increase. This can be improved by conducting educational programs using various types of media.
Effects of Caffeine Consumption on Autologous Full-Thickness Skin Graft Healing in an Animal Model
Authors: Supit Tommy , Susilaningsih Neni , Prasetyo Awal ,   Najatullah
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background There exists contradictory evidence that states both the beneficial and deleterious effects of caffeine on wound healing. The general population might unknowingly consume caffeine that negatively affects wound healing. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of daily caffeine consumption on wound healing, specifically full-thickness skin graft (FTSG).
Methods Forty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into four groups of equal size: control-dose (CD), low-dose (LD), medium-dose (MD), and high-dose (HD) caffeine groups. After autologous FTSG, all subjects in the intervention group were given daily pure caffeine gavage. The FTSG was explanted 7 days posttransplant. The graft viability, secondary contraction, and adherence were evaluated macroscopically, while fibroblast and collagen deposition was analyzed microscopically with hematoxylin eosin stain.
Results The least graft viability (72.8 ± 20.7%, clinical wound assessment scale [CWAS] 2.4), highest secondary contraction (11.4 ± 10.5%), and fibroblast count (331.8 ± 88.6 cells/5 high power fields) were observed in the MD group. More collagen synthesis was observed in subjects who consumed caffeine. The level of secondary contraction, fibroblast count as well as graft viability and collagen synthesis were positively correlated.
Conclusions Daily consumption of caffeine impairs graft viability when given in medium dose and increases collagen synthesis, irrespective of dosage. This study was in experimental rats; the results are not directly translatable to humans.
Subcutaneous Endoscopy in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Swain Bharatendu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Scar visibility is a major deterrent to patients seeking reconstructive surgery. Endoscopic surgery can address a wide range of problems, from minimizing or concealing scars to improving access and outcomes in certain situations. This case series includes a wide range of reconstructive surgery problems addressed by subcutaneous endoscopic surgery. Having one or more trained assistants is a major deterrent to the performance of endoscopic surgery by the lone practitioner. The single (or two-port technique for muscle harvest) used in most cases simplifies subcutaneous endoscopic surgery.
Methods A single-port endoscopy technique, with a 4-mm, 30-degree side viewing telescope and sheath, optical camera and cold light source, was used. Case records were reviewed for access incisions, procedure abandonment, postoperative pain, complications, and patient satisfaction.
Results A total of 53 endoscopic surgical episodes between 2003 and 2013 were reviewed. Using a single port, most cases were done successfully. The access site was changed peroperatively in one case. Complications included transient nerve palsy in one case, which recovered completely. There was minimal intraoperative bleeding. Postoperative pain was low except in one case and managed with minimal analgesia. Patient satisfaction was high in all cases.
Conclusions Subsurface endoscopy done on a wide range of reconstructive surgery procedures and resulted in minimal scars and high patient satisfaction.
Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Genetic Blueprints on the Oral Manifestation of COVID-19: A Case Report
Authors: Khodavirdipour Amir , Asadimanesh Mahsa , Masoumi Seyed Alireza 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNonsegmented positive-sense RNA enveloped RNA severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus can result in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This virus is from β-coronaviridae family of viruses. The common signs and symptoms of COVID-19 include pyrexia, cough, dyspnea, fatigue, myalgia, cephalgia, diarrhea, and nausea. Physicians and dentists around the world could directly link the COVID-19 and oral diseases such as ageusia and anosmia. After time passes, different aspects of symptoms of the diseases have been discovered. Research suggests that the oral cavity is the most vulnerable region for the virus because of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor abundance in the mouth. In this case report (no. of patients = 6), we would like to report significant findings in patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 reported to our clinic during May 2021 complaining about the oral manifestation of it such as xerostomia, gingival inflammation, and cracked teeth. All patients are younger than 40 years with no history of dental complaints and oral diseases. Fortunately, these symptoms are not life threatening and treatable/manageable by current treatment options. To date, there is no clear proof of how and via which pathway, SARS-CoV-2 genomic blueprint causes the oral manifestation of COVID-19 beside ACE2 receptor which is the only known biopathway for such incidents.
Study of the structural, AC electrical conductivity, electric modulus, and dielectric properties of novel PVDF/LiCoO2 nanocomposites for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Gaabour L. H. 
Published: September 2021

In the present article, novel polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) nanocomposite films were prepared using the casting method to use in Li-ion batteries. X-ray diffraction reveals that the deposited LiCoO2 nanoparticles have a hexagonal structure. The AC electrical conductivity σac was measured and investigated using a different range of frequencies and temperatures. The increase in the LiCoO2 content in the PVDF polymeric matrix leads to the formation of the network through the nanocomposites. The dielectric modulus (M′ and M″) and the dielectric parameters (ɛ′ and ɛ″) were studied in detail. The M′ values decrease with the increase in the filler and temperature as the behavior of semiconductor materials. The max values of M″ shifted with a higher frequency after the addition of LiCoO2 and increase of temperature, indicating the temperature dependency of the relaxation time. A single relaxation peak was found, confirming a thermally activated process that passes through a maximum due to the relaxation time. The Cole–Cole (M′ and M″) diagram shows a distinct semicircle, which is attributed to the interfacial phenomena occurring between the components. The nature of the AC electrical conductivity was explained following Juncher’s law. σAC was enhanced due to the movement of charged ions and charge carriers within the nanocomposite samples.
Critical role of minor eggcase silk component in promoting spidroin chain alignment and strong fiber formation
Authors: Fan Tiantian , Qin Ruiqi , Zhang Yan , Wang Jingxia , Fan Jing-Song , Bai Xiangli , Yuan Wensu , Huang Weidong , Shi Shuo , Su Xun-Cheng , Yang Daiwen , Lin Zhi 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Our manuscript is focused on the structural and functional role of minor silk component TuSp2 in spider eggcase silk formation. We present the structure of TuSp2 core domain and reveal how this domain renders main component TuSp1 more favorable for molecular chain alignment, which is critical for strong fiber formation. We further designed a series of biomimetic minispidroin complexes and showed that the artificial silk fiber can surpass its native counterpart in strength significantly. This study represents a distinct advance in understanding the critical role of the minor component in silk formation. The strategy developed in this study also throws light on spinning other types of artificial silk fibers with predictable physical properties.