bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RANGKA MANUSIA DARI BENDAHARA: SUDUT PANDANG PALEOPATOLOGI
Authors: Prayudi Ashwin , Suriyanto Rusyad Adi 
Published: November 2021

This study discusses human remains from the Bendahara, Tamiang, which is located in Aceh. There is no information regarding the exact location and the date of this site. It can be ascertained that this skeleton originated from prehistoric periods based on the dental modifications evidences. This aims of this study is to identify the human remains from the Bendahara, Tamiang, Aceh by looking at sex, age at death, disease and the influences of cultural and environmental which recorded on the skeletons. This study used macroscopic and paleopathological analysis methods. The results of this study are this individual was female based on her skull. Her age at death between 20-30 years old. The abnormalities that these individuals have are only presents in their teeth, such as dental calculus, dental modification, and unbalanced attrition. This condition indicates that this individual predominantly chewing using one of the lateral sides of the mouth. If we connected her young age at death with the attrition, it is possible that this individual uses the right side of his teeth as a tool. Penelitian ini mendiskusikan sisa-sisa manusia dari Bendahara, Tamiang yang terletak di Aceh. Tidak terdapat keterangan mengenai lokasi pasti dan penanggalan dari situs ini. Rangka ini memiliki probabilitas yang tinggi berasal dari masa prasejarah berdasarkan bukti modifikasi pada gigi-giginya. Permasalahan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui identitas biologis rangka dari Bendahara Tamiang dan kehidupannya pada masa lampau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi individu sisa manusia dari Bendahara, Tamiang, Aceh dengan cara melihat jenis kelamin, umur ketika mati, penyakit, bukti kultural dan lingkungan yang terekam pada rangka tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis makroskopis dan paleopatologis. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah individu berjenis kelamin wanita, dengan umur ketika mati sekitar 20-30 tahun. Kelainan yang dimiliki individu ini terdapat pada organ giginya yaitu kalkulus gigi, modifikasi gigi, dan adanya atrisi yang tidak seimbang. Kondisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa individu ini mengunyah dengan dominan pada salah satu sisi lateral organ mulutnya. Jika dikaitkan dengan umurnya yang tergolong muda, terdapat kemungkinan bahwa individu ini menggunakan sisi kanan giginya sebagai alat bantu dalam melakukan pekerjaan.
A Phylogenetic Investigation of the New Zealand Pteridaceae Ferns
Authors:   , Bouma Whitney L M 
Published: November 2021

<p>The fern family Pteridaceae is among the largest fern families in New Zealand. It comprises 17 native species among five genera. Traditionally the classification of Pteridaceae was based on morphological characters. The advent of molecular technology, now makes is possible to test these morphology-based classifications. The Pteridaceae has previously been subjected to phylogenetic analyses; however representatives from New Zealand and the South Pacific have never been well represented in these studies. This thesis research aimed to investigate the phylogenetic relationships of the New Zealand Pteridaceae, as well as, the phylogenetic relationships of the New Zealand species to their overseas relatives. The DNA sequences of several Chloroplast loci (e.g. trnL-trnF locus, rps4 and rps4-trnS IGS, atpB, and rbcL) were determined and the phylogenetic relationships of the New Zealand Pteridaceae and several species-specific question within the genus Pellaea and Adiantum were investigated. Results presented in this thesis confirm previously published phylogenetics of the Pteridaceae, which show the resolution of five major clades, i.e.,cryptogrammoids, ceratopteridoids, pteridoids, cheilanthoids, and the adiantoids. The addition of the New Zealand species revealed a possible South West Pacific groups formed by the respective genera, where New Zealand species were generally more related to one another than to overseas relatives. Within the New Zealand Pellaea, the analysis of the trnL-trnF locus sequence data showed that the morphologically-intermediate plants P. aff. falcata, responsible for taxonomic confusion, were more closely related to P. rotundifolia than to P. falcata. Furthermore, the species collected on the Kermadec Islands, previously thought to be P. falcata, are genetically distinct from the Australian P. falcata and they could constitute a new species. Adiantum hispidulum, which is polymorphic for two different hair types being used to distinguish them as different species, was also reinvestigated morphologically and molecularly. Morphological inspection of hairs revealed three hair types as opposed to the previous thought two, and furthermore, they correspond to three different trnL-trnF sequences haplotypes.</p>
Generic Ownership: a Practical Approach to Ownership and Confinement in Object-Oriented Programming Languages
Authors:   , Potanin Alex 
Published: November 2021

<p>Modern object-oriented programming languages support many techniques that simplify the work of a programmer. Among them is generic types: the ability to create generic descriptions of algorithms and object structures that will be automatically specialised by supplying the type information when they are used. At the same time, object-oriented technologies still suffer from aliasing: the case of many objects in a program's memory referring to the same object via different references. Ownership types enforce encapsulation in object-oriented programs by ensuring that objects cannot be referred to from the outside of the object(s) that own them. Existing ownership programming languages either do not support generic types or attempt to add them on top of ownership restrictions. The goal of this work is to bring object ownership into mainstream object-oriented programming languages. This thesis presents Generic Ownership which provides perobject ownership on top of a generic imperative language. Surprisingly, the resulting system not only provides ownership guarantees comparable to the established systems, but also requires few additional language mechanisms to achieve them due to full reuse of generic types. In this thesis I formalise the core of Generic Ownership, highlighting that the restriction of this calls, owner preservation over subtyping, and appropriate owner nesting are the only necessary requirements for ownership. I describe two formalisms: (1) a simple formalism, capturing confinement in a functional setting, and (2) a complete formalism, providing a way for Generic Ownership to support both deep and shallow variations of ownership types. I support the formal work by describing how the Ownership Generic Java (OGJ) language is implemented as a minimal extension to Java 5. OGJ is the first publicly available language implementation that supports ownership, confinement, and generic types at the same time. I demonstrate OGJ in practice: show how to use OGJ to write programs and provide insights into the implementations of Generic Ownership.</p>
Isolation and Structure Elucidation of New Secondary Metabolites from New Zealand Marine Red Algae
Authors:   , Popplewell Wendy Lynne 
Published: November 2021

<p>The natural product analysis of New Zealand red algae has been neglected in recent years, and there is obvious scope for the chemical re-evaluation of New Zealand marine red algae. This study describes the isolation and structure elucidation of 12 new and eight known compounds from four different genera of red algae. To aid in this process, 34 red algae were screened in order to generate a digital HSQC spectra mask, a screening tool developed by the VUW Marine Natural Products group to identify extracts of interest for further analysis. All 34 algal extracts were screened using the HSQC mask and four extracts were identified as interesting and analysed in detail. Examination of extracts of the red algae Plocamium costatum and Ballia callitricha lead to the isolation of three known metabolites. Eleven new oxylipins, labillarides A to K, are reported from the alga Phacelocarpus labillardieri. Labillarides A to H are polyunsaturated alpha-pyrone macrocycles, all of which show similarities to the previously reported compounds isolated from southern Australian collections of the algae. Labillarides E to H are of particular interest as they represent the two diastereomeric pairs associated with variation at the C-3 and C-8 chiral centres. Labillarides I and J are related enol macrocycles while labillaride K is a furan-3-one oxylipin, all of which have biogenic significance to the macrocyclic alpha-pyrones. Labillarides A, B and I exhibit moderate cytotoxicity while labillaride C shows moderate antibacterial activity. A new nitrogenous bromophenol, colensolide A, was isolated from the alga Osmundaria colensoi along with five known bromophenols. The presence of nitrogen-containing sidechains in bromophenols is unusual but not unprecedented. The bicyclic nitrogenous moiety observed in colensolide A is proposed to be of histidine origin. Several of the known bromophenols exhibit antibacterial activity and one shows moderate cytotoxicity.</p>
Pengaruh Kitosan Terhadap Karakterisasi Hidrogel Film PVA Untuk Aplikasi Pembalut Luka
Authors: Haryanto Haryanto 
Published: November 2021

Pegembangan hidrogel sebagai bahan pembalut luka telah banyak mendapat perhatian dari para peneliti. Salah satu jenis hidrogel film yang telah banyak dikembangkan adalah Polyvinyl Alkohol (PVA) hidrogel film. Tingkat penyerapan air dari hidrogel ini masih rendah. Untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidrogel perlu ditambahkan zat lain. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kitosan terhadap karakterisasi Polyvinyl Alkohol (PVA) hidrogel film. Formulasi konsentrasi kitosan 0% sampai 15% dan diradiasi untuk mendapatkan hidrogel ikat silang dengan menggunakan radiasi gamma ray dengan dosis 40 KGy. Karakteristik yang diukur meliputi fraksi gel, rasio swelling, sifat mekanik ( tensile strength dan elongation ). Struktur kimia diukur dengan menggunakan Frourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR). Dan bentuk morfologi hidrogel dianalisis menggunakan Scanning Electrone Microscope (SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai fraksi gel menurun dengan bertambahnya kandungan kitosan sedangkan rasio swelling sebaliknya semakin meingkat. Kekuatan hidrogel cenderung menurun dilihat pada kuat tarik dari 30 N/mm2 menjadi 7,2 N/mm2 dan persen elongasi dari 480,57% sampai 224,79%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kitosan dapat meningkatkan rasio swelling hidrogel. Walaupun hanya rasio swelling yang meningkat tetapi dilihat dari fraski gel dan kuat mekanik ( tensile strength dan elongation) masih memenuhi persyaratan untuk pembalut luka sehingga hidrogel PVA/kitosan dapat digunakan untuk aplikasi pembalut luka.
Association of Ultrasonography and Ultrasound-guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Dev Binit , Yadav Ajay Kumar , Taparia Sushil , Khadka Roshana , Walavalkar Shripad J 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Ultrasound (USG) is the most commonly used imaging method to evaluate thyroid nodules. The sonographic features of thyroid nodules are very important to determine whether the nodule is benign or malignant. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is the gold standard to determine whether the nodule is benign or malignant.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare ultrasound and color Doppler features of thyroid nodules with ultrasound-guided FNAC results to determine the relative importance of these features in predicting the risk of malignancy.
Methodology: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Birat medical college teaching hospital in Tankisinuwari, Morang, Nepal. The study was conducted from September 2019 to April 2021. In total sixty-one patients with thyroid nodules were evaluated for sonographic characteristics. Finally, USG guided FNA for cytopathological examination was performed. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the result.
Results: Out of the 61 patients, 34 (55.7%) were females and 27 (44.2%) were males. Majority of the malignant nodules were solid 11 (91.6%), whereas cystic and mixed nodules were predominantly seen in benign nodules 18 (36.7%) and 30 (61.2%) respectively. In malignant nodules 10 (83.3%) were heterogeneous and 2 (16.6%) were isoechoic. In benign nodules 29 (59.1%) were heterogeneous and 15 (30.6%) were anechoic with comet-tail artifact and 5 (10.2%) were isoechoic. Among 12 malignant cases, internal and peripheral vascularity were equally present in six cases each. Benign nodules showed peripheral vascularity in 48 (97.9%) and internal vascularity was noted in only one nodule. All of the malignant nodules showed calcification. None of the benign nodules showed micro-calcification. In malignant cases, cervical lymph nodes were present in 7 (58.3%) and absent in 5 (41.6%). In benign cases, cervical lymph nodes were present in 4 (8.1%) and absent in 45 (91.83%).
Conclusion: The ultrasound features associated with malignancy in thyroid nodules are predominantly solid component, presence of micro-calcifications and internal vascularity. Enlarged cervical lymph nodes are good predictors for malignancy. USG guided FNAC confirms the suspicious features of thyroid nodules seen on USG.
Pengenalan Spesies Ikan Berdasarkan Kontur Otolith Menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Darmanto Heri 
Published: November 2021

Hasil sensus kehidupan laut pada tahun 2013 di seluruh dunia terdapat lebih dari 23.000 spesies dan masih banyak sekali spesies ikan yang belum diidentifikasi. Otolith merupakan organ yang sangat penting di belakang telinga ikan, karena melalui otolith ini dapat diketahui jenis ikan, pertumbuhan dan lingkungan, serta sejarah kehidupannya, misalnya, umur, reproduksi, dan migrasi. Dengan semakin canggihnya komputer dan pengolahan di bidang citra, diharapkan kemampuan mengidentifikasi jenis ikan yang dimiliki oleh manusia bisa diadopsi dan diterapkan pada perangkat komputer. Deep Learning saat ini semakin berkembang memanfaatkan sumber daya perangkat keras yang semakin canggih termasuk penggunaan GPU (Graphical Processing Unit) untuk perhitungan proses komputasi dengan akurasi yang lebih baik dan proses yang lebih cepat. Pada penelitian ini metode yang diusulkan, untuk keperluan klasifikasi ikan menggunakan metode Convolutional Neural Network dengan teknik Transfer Learning dari model Alexnet dan optimasi Momentum Stochastic Gradient Descent. Hasil eksperimen diperoleh akurasi sebesar 95.4% lebih tinggi dibanding metode Discriminant Analysis yang memiliki akurasi sebesar 92%.
Psoriasis: visión general
Authors: Hidalgo Solís María Jesús , Víquez Redondo Karla Francini , Meneses Carvajal Mariana 
Published: November 2021

La psoriasis es un trastorno crónico inmunitario que se desarrolla posterior a la exposición de una injuria en la piel; ya sea traumática, medicamentosa o infecciosa, en personas genéticamente predispuestas. Se presenta de forma clásica como placas confluentes eritematosas, escamas micáceas con bordes bien delimitados, sin embargo, existen otras formas clínicas cutáneas. Más allá de la afectación de la piel la psoriasis también se asocia con una serie de manifestaciones sistémicas e importantes comorbilidades médicas y psiquiátricas, que incluyen artritis psoriásica, enfermedades cardiovasculares, diabetes, depresión y ansiedad. Su tratamiento depende de la severidad del cuadro clínico que va desde preparaciones tópicas hasta tratamientos sistémicos, sin olvidar el manejo multidisciplinario de sus comorbilidades.
The mb=5.4 Katav-Ivanovsk Earthquake (Urals) on 04 September 2018
Authors: Dyagilev Ruslan A. , Verkholantsev Filipp G. , Varlashova Yuliya V. , Shulakov Denis Yu. 
Published: November 2021

Ruslan A. Dyagilev, Filipp G. Verkholantsev, Yuliya V. Varlashova and Denis Yu. Shulakov report on the mb=5.4 Katav-Ivanovsk Earthquake in the Ural Mountains on 04 September 2018.
Basic Evolutionary Stages of Polish Democracy
Authors: Marchuk M. I. 
Published: November 2021

The article is focused on studying and scientific understanding of the process of the formation and evolution of Poland as a modern democratic European state. The author has indicated the significance of the influence of the democratic traditions of the Polish people on the formation of the current model of the state system of the Republic of Poland.
The author has established the general chronological boundaries of each of the periods of democratization of Polish society starting from the times of “noble democracy”. The main characteristics of the stages of democratic development of Poland until the present day have been determined.
The main factors that influenced the course of democratic transit in the Polish state have been clarified. It has been proved that the peculiarities of modern Polish statehood are determined by the historical traditions of Polish democracy, the mentality of the Polish people and membership in the European Union and other international organizations. It has been emphasized that the implementation of economic and institutional transformations in Poland in the post-Soviet period was accompanied by the simultaneous formation of civil society. It has been established that the result of democratic transit in the Republic of Poland is a liberal democracy of the Western type with a certain bias towards social democracy.
The author has emphasized the decisive role of European integration processes in the formation of the Republic of Poland as a democratic, legal and social state. Based on the analysis of the current legislation and ongoing reforms in the law-making sphere, the author has defined the main factors that determine the existing systemic threats to the rule of law and democracy in Poland at the present stage of its state-building.
It has been stated that although Polish democracy demonstrates some negative tendencies, it is unlikely collapsed due to the current challenges, since the Republic still maintains the balance between state power and political freedom of citizens and their associations and the general atmosphere in Polish society remains open and free.
On Improving Administrative and Legal Provision of HR Management in State Forensic Institutions and Professional Training of Forensic Experts of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine
Authors: Kurdes O. V. 
Published: November 2021

The problematic issues of administrative and legal provision HR management of state forensic institutions and professional training of forensic experts of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine have been studied. Specific propositions for improving the regulatory and legal, organizational and methodological provision of this area of ​​activity have been provided. The author has emphasized the need to reform the HR management system of state forensic institutions and professional training of forensic experts, which is a guarantee of filling these institutions with highly qualified personnel.
It has been offered to further study, develop and approve certain regulatory acts by orders of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on HR management of state forensic institutions and professional training of forensic experts, namely: standard staffs; instructions on the organization of personnel accounting, staffing and HR work, professional training of forensic experts of state forensic institutions and forensic experts who are not employees of state forensic institutions; provisions on the formation of employee pool for superior positions.
The emphasis has been placed on the need to revise and update the Handbook of Qualifications for employees of forensic research institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, approved by the order of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine dated from April 19, 2012 No. 611/5.
It has been proved that the Code of Professional Ethics of forensic experts has to be developed and approved at the level of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, which would be applied to all forensic experts of Ukraine regardless of departmental subordination and employment and should have a positive impact on the quality of judicial duties performed by forensic experts – drawing up qualitative and objective expert opinions. The guarantee of executing the requirements of the specified Code by the experts should be the normative consolidation of the expert’s responsibility for violation of professional ethics.
International Standards of Implementing Mediation within Criminal Proceedings and the State of Its Realization in Ukraine
Authors: Fomina T. H. 
Published: November 2021

International standards for mediation in criminal proceedings have been defined; the process of development of the institution of mediation in criminal proceedings in Ukraine has been characterized; propositions on improving the procedure for mediation in criminal proceedings have been expressed.
It has been established that the introduction of mediation in criminal proceedings, as a necessary condition for the development of the national legal system, was reflected in many international legal instruments that Ukraine had undertaken to execute. The traditional system of criminal justice cannot offer an effective solution to the problem of dealing with persons who committed a criminal offense. It has been proved that the urgent need of our state is to create new effective alternatives to official criminal prosecution, in particular mediation.
The analysis of legislative activity on introducing mediation in Ukraine has been carried out. Representatives of the legislative initiative on the need to consolidate the possibility of conducting a mediation procedure at the legislative level by adopting the draft Law of Ukraine “On Mediation” dated from May 19, 2020 No. 3504 in the second reading.
It has been defined that mediation in Ukraine is not fully implemented, since there is no legal basis. At the same time, some measures have been implemented in Ukraine to introduce mediation in criminal proceedings. Thus, the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine provides the possibility of concluding a conciliation agreement between the victim and the suspect, the accused. At the same time, allowing the possibility of concluding a conciliation agreement, the criminal procedural legislation does not directly regulate the mediation procedure. It has been substantiated that the procedure for mediation during criminal proceedings should be regulated by: 1) adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Mediation”; 2) making systemic amendments to the Criminal Procedural Code of Ukraine.
Particular attention has been paid to the fact that, despite the lack of a legal basis, our country has experience in applying the mediation procedure in criminal proceedings. Starting from 2019, two pilot projects have been implementing in Ukraine, which demonstrated positive results in this direction: “Restorative Program of Juveniles Suspected in Committing a Criminal Offense” and “Implementation of Restorative Justice in Ukraine”. The results of the implementation of these projects have proved that the mediation procedure has indisputable advantages over punitive justice.
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI JASA SERVIS PADA BENGKEL SUMBER REZEKI MOTOR DENGAN DUKUNGAN SMS API
Authors: Kurniawan Bambang , Nasution Ilman Ahmad , Muhaimin Abdi , Andema Henky 
Published: November 2021

Jasa service merupakan pelayanan utama pada sebuah bengkel sepeda motor. Agar pelayanan dan manajemen administrasi pada Sumber Rezeki Motor Pekanbaru lebih optimal, dibutuhkan sebuah sistem yang dapat mengatasi hal tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat sistem manajemen service yang terkomputerisasi dengan baik. Manfaatnya adalah agar memudahkan proses pencatatan data barang, baik itu pembelian ataupun penjualan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode waterfall, observasi, wawancara dan analisis. Sistem yang dihasilkan mampu meringankan tugas pegawai bengkel dan membuat kinerja bengkel menjadi lebih efisien.