bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of line-of-sight structures on measuring H0 with strong lensing time delays
Authors: Li Nan , Becker Christoph , Dye Simon 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Measurements of the Hubble–Lemaitre constant from early- and local-Universe observations show a significant discrepancy. In an attempt to understand the origin of this mismatch, independent techniques to measure H0 are required. One such technique, strong lensing time delays, is set to become a leading contender amongst the myriad methods due to forthcoming large strong lens samples. It is therefore critical to understand the systematic effects inherent in this method. In this paper, we quantify the influence of additional structures along the line of sight by adopting realistic light-cones derived from the cosmoDC2 semi-analytical extragalactic catalogue. Using multiple-lens plane ray tracing to create a set of simulated strong lensing systems, we have investigated the impact of line-of-sight structures on time-delay measurements and in turn, on the inferred value of H0. We have also tested the reliability of existing procedures for correcting for line-of-sight effects. We find that if the integrated contribution of the line-of-sight structures is close to a uniform mass sheet, the bias in H0 can be adequately corrected by including a constant external convergence κext in the lens model. However, for realistic line-of-sight structures comprising many galaxies at different redshifts, this simple correction overestimates the bias by an amount that depends linearly on the median external convergence. We therefore conclude that lens modelling must incorporate multiple-lens planes to account for line-of-sight structures for accurate and precise inference of H0.
Recognizing and validating ligands with CheckMyBlob
Authors: Brzezinski Dariusz , Porebski Przemyslaw J , Kowiel Marcin , Macnar Joanna M , Minor Wladek 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Structure-guided drug design depends on the correct identification of ligands in crystal structures of protein complexes. However, the interpretation of the electron density maps is challenging and often burdened with confirmation bias. Ligand identification can be aided by automatic methods such as CheckMyBlob, a machine learning algorithm that learns to generalize ligand descriptions from sets of moieties deposited in the Protein Data Bank. Here, we present the CheckMyBlob web server, a platform that can identify ligands in unmodeled fragments of electron density maps or validate ligands in existing models. The server processes PDB/mmCIF and MTZ files and returns a ranking of 10 most likely ligands for each detected electron density blob along with interactive 3D visualizations. Additionally, for each prediction/validation, a plugin script is generated that enables users to conduct a detailed analysis of the server results in Coot. The CheckMyBlob web server is available at https://checkmyblob.bioreproducibility.org.
Factors influencing fertility rates in Australian women receiving kidney replacement therapy: analysis of linked Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry and perinatal data over 22 years
Authors: Hewawasam Erandi , Davies Christopher E , Gulyani Aarti , Li Zhuoyang , Clayton Philip A , Sullivan Elizabeth , McDonald Stephen P , Jesudason Shilpanjali 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPregnancy in women receiving kidney replacement therapy (KRT) is uncommon, and trends and factors influencing fertility rates remain poorly defined.MethodsThe Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) was linked to mandatory perinatal data sets (all births from 1991 to 2013, ≥20 weeks’ gestation) in four Australian jurisdictions. Overall, age- and era-specific fertility rates were calculated based on general and KRT population denominators.ResultsFrom 2 948 084 births, 248 babies were born to 168 mothers receiving KRT (37 babies born to 31 dialysed mothers; 211 babies born to 137 transplanted mothers). Substantial agreement between ANZDATA and perinatal data sets was observed for birth events and outcomes. Transplanted women had higher fertility rates than dialysed women in all analyses, with 21.4 live births/1000 women/year [95% confidence interval (CI) 18.6–24.6] in transplanted women, 5.8 (95% CI 4.1–8.1) in dialysed women and 61.9 (95% CI 61.8–62.0) in the non-KRT cohort. Fertility rates for dialysed women rose in recent years. After adjusting for maternal age and treatment modality, Caucasian women had higher fertility rates, while women with pre-existing diabetes, or transplanted women with exposure to KRT for ≤3.0 years had lower rates. As expected, transplanted women with a pre-conception estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of &lt;45 mL/min/1.73 m2 or transplant-to-pregnancy interval of &lt;1.0 year had lower fertility rates. Geographical location, socioeconomic status and primary disease (glomerulonephritis versus other) did not affect fertility rates.ConclusionsReporting of births to ANZDATA is sufficiently accurate to justify ongoing data collection. Rising fertility rates in dialysed women may indicate permissive attitudes towards pregnancy. Treatment modality, ethnicity, diabetes, pre-conception eGFR, transplant-to-pregnancy interval and duration of KRT exposure were associated with fertility rates. These factors should be considered when counselling women with kidney disease about parenthood.
Evolution of the Neurosurgeon's Role in Clinical Trials for Glioblastoma: A Systematic Overview of the Clinicaltrials.Gov Database
Authors: Mansouri Alireza , Beyn Michelle E , Pancholi Aditya , Chow Clement T , Wang Ryan , Boutet Alexandre , Elias Gavin J B , Germann Jurgen , Loh Aaron , Voisin Mathew R , Lozano Andres M , Chiocca E Antonio , Vogelbaum Michael A , Zadeh Gelareh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The therapeutic challenge of glioblastoma (GBM) has catalyzed the development of clinical trials to evaluate novel interventions. With increased understanding of GBM biology and technological advances, the neurosurgeon's role in neuro-oncology has evolved.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the current landscape of procedure-based clinical trials for GBM to characterize this evolution, gain insight into past failures, and accordingly outline implications for future research and practice that may inform future studies.

METHODS
The ClinicalTrials.gov database was searched for surgical/procedural trials in individuals with GBM. Demographics, specific intervention, trial phase, and main outcome measures were abstracted.

RESULTS
A total of 224 of 2311 GBM trials (9.7%) were identified as procedural, with the majority being based in the United States (155/224, 69.2%), single-center (155/224, 69.2%), and not randomized (176/224, 78.6%). Primary and recurrent GBMs were evenly addressed. The leading interventions were local delivery of therapeutics (50.0%), surgical techniques (33.9%), such as image-guided surgery, and novel device applications (14.3%). Phase I designs predominated (82/224, 36.6%). The top primary outcome was safety/tolerability/feasibility (88/224, 39.3%), followed by survival (46/224, 20.5%). Approximately 17% of studies were terminated, withdrawn, or suspended. Fifty-two linked publications were identified, among which 42 were classified as having a positive result.

CONCLUSION
Procedural interventions comprised ∼10% of all registered GBM trials. Local delivery of therapeutics, use of surgical imaging techniques and novel device applications, predominantly through phase I designs, represent the evolved role of the neurosurgeon in neuro-oncology. Improved reporting of trial designs, outcomes, and results are needed to better inform the field and increase efficiency.
An economical business-cycle model
Authors: Michaillat Pascal , Saez Emmanuel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article develops a new model of business cycles. The model is economical in that it is solved with an aggregate demand–aggregate supply diagram, and the effects of shocks and policies are obtained by comparative statics. The model builds on two unconventional assumptions. First, producers and consumers meet through a matching function. Thus, the model features unemployment, which fluctuates in response to aggregate demand and supply shocks. Secondly, wealth enters the utility function, so the model allows for permanent zero-lower-bound episodes. In the model, the optimal monetary policy is to set the interest rate at the level that eliminates the unemployment gap. This optimal interest rate is computed from the prevailing unemployment gap and monetary multiplier (the effect of the nominal interest rate on the unemployment rate). If the unemployment gap is exceedingly large, monetary policy cannot eliminate it before reaching the zero lower bound, but a wealth tax can.
Declining wintering shorebird populations at a temperate estuary in California: A 30-year perspective
Authors: Warnock Nils , Jennings Scott , Kelly John P , Condeso T Emiko , Lumpkin David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Worldwide, shorebird populations are declining. Our objectives were to examine abundance trends of shorebirds regularly wintering at Tomales Bay, Marin County, California, accounting for the local effects of rainfall, raptors, and the restoration of part of the bay to tidal wetlands. From November 1989 to February 2019, we conducted 177 comprehensive winter shorebird surveys of Tomales Bay; we averaged 5.7 ± 0.9 (mean ± SD) winter surveys per year. In 30 yr, we counted 1,215,821 shorebirds of 31 species. We used generalized linear models and multi-model inference to evaluate trends in shorebird abundance while accounting for local sources of variation. We conducted separate analyses for 14 species seen in at least 20 of the 30 yr of monitoring and for all shorebird species combined. During the study, the abundance of all species combined declined 66% (52% in the North Bay and 81% in the South Bay) with the most rapid decline in the first 10 yr of monitoring. Of 13 species for which year was in the top model, 10 species decreased in abundance and 3 species increased. Dunlin and Western Sandpiper accounted for the greatest losses in total numbers. The best-supported models to estimate trends in shorebirds included predictors for year and North Bay vs. South Bay. Of the local variables we considered, rainfall was included in 10 of the 15 best-supported models (including all species combined), negatively affecting the numbers of all species except Willets. The wetland restoration project was included in 5 top models, with a short-term positive impact. Raptor abundance was included in 3 top models with mixed results. Our results show that effective conservation and management of local shorebird populations must be linked with regional/global efforts if we are to reverse negative shorebird trends.
Breeding success in Southern Australian Little Penguins is negatively correlated with high wind speeds and sea surface temperatures
Authors: Johnson Bianca , Colombelli-Négrel Diane 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs bio-indicators, seabirds across the globe help us understand how our environment is changing, and how this is affecting our wildlife. Little Penguins (Eudyptula minor) in Australia are a key species in understanding the changes to the Australian environment. However, studies generally focus on the effects of oceanic changes without always accounting for the potential interactions with the environmental conditions experienced on land during breeding. This study examined the relationships between both marine and terrestrial environmental variables and breeding success in South Australian Little Penguins, observing 10 colonies over a nonconsecutive 28-yr time period. Our results showed that South Australian Little Penguins had a lower breeding success (fewer fledglings produced per pair) when sea surface temperatures were higher in the 3 mo before breeding and when high winds occurred during the breeding season. We also observed local variation between the colonies: breeding success was only influenced by environmental variables for colonies located near open waters and not for colonies located in enclosed bays. These results confirm the idea that future oceanographic warming is expected to reduce the breeding success (and population size) of some Australian seabirds, including Little Penguins.
Colony characteristics influence nest survival of Caribbean Roseate Terns
Authors: Byerly Paige A , Zaluski Susan , Nellis Daniel , Leberg Paul L 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDetermining how site characteristics influence reproductive success can help guide conservation planning for declining wildlife populations. For colonially breeding seabirds, nest survival and predation risk can be influenced by both colony and nest site characteristics such as colony size, nest density, and nest location. We evaluated the reproductive success of a declining population of Roseate Terns (Sterna dougallii) in the United States and British Virgin Islands to identify primary causes of nest failure and investigate the influence of colony and nest site covariates on nest survival. In addition, we measured the influence of colony characteristics on chick provisioning to determine if resource competition in larger colonies affected foraging rates. Monitoring was conducted in 2017–2018 via motion-triggered cameras, which enable 24-hr monitoring with minimal nest disturbance. Nest survival was defined by both hatch success and early chick success, defined as a chick surviving from hatching through the fourth post-hatch day. We monitored 118 nests in 6 colonies over the 2 breeding seasons. We found that predation was the primary cause of nest failure. Both hatch and nest success increased with colony size, and neither nest survival nor predation probability was influenced by individual nest site characteristics. Provisioning rates were comparable among colony sites and did not vary with colony size. Our results suggest that directing management efforts toward enhancing colony size, rather than focusing on nest site characteristics, can be beneficial for tropical seabird conservation.
Extensive hybridization between two Andean warbler species with shallow divergence in mtDNA
Authors: Céspedes-Arias Laura N , Cuervo Andrés M , Bonaccorso Elisa , Castro-Farias Marialejandra , Mendoza-Santacruz Alejandro , Pérez-Emán Jorge L , Witt Christopher C , Cadena Carlos Daniel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStudying processes acting on differentiated populations upon secondary contact, such as hybridization, is important to comprehensively understand how species are formed and maintained over time. However, avian speciation studies in the tropical Andes have largely focused on the role of topographic and ecological barriers promoting divergence in allopatry, seldom examining hybridization and introgression. We describe a hybrid zone involving 2 closely related Andean warblers (Parulidae), the Golden-fronted Redstart (Myioborus ornatus), and the Spectacled Redstart (Myioborus melanocephalus). Geographic ranges of these species abut near the Colombia-Ecuador border and many specimens from the region exhibit intermediate phenotypes, but a formal description of phenotypic variation in the contact zone was heretofore lacking. We collected specimens across a transect encompassing the area where ranges abut and areas where only “pure” parental phenotypes of M. ornatus chrysops and M. melanocephalus ruficoronatus occur. We described variation in plumage traits including patterns of head and ventral coloration and tail markings based on 321 specimens. To describe genetic variation in the contact zone and over a broader phylogeographic context, we used sequences of the mitochondrial ND2 gene for 219 individuals across the transect and the entire range of both species, including all subspecies, from Venezuela to Bolivia. We documented a hybrid zone ~200 km wide based on head coloration, where intermediate plumage phenotypes are most common and “pure” forms do not overlap geographically, consistent with extensive hybridization. Across the range of the M. ornatus–M. melanocephalus complex, mitochondrial genetic structure was shallow, with genetic breaks only coinciding clearly with one topographic feature. Such a low genetic structure is striking given the high diversity in plumage phenotypes and the current taxonomy of the group. Our phenotypic data suggest that barriers to hybridization are not strong, and allow us to postulate hypotheses to be tested using forthcoming genomic data.
Discontinuation of biologic DMARDs in a real-world population of patients with rheumatoid arthritis in remission: outcome and risk factors
Authors: Arnold Simone , Jaeger Veronika K , Scherer Almut , Ciurea Adrian , Walker Ulrich A , Kyburz Diego 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Data from randomized controlled trials have shown the feasibility of discontinuation of bDMARD therapy in patients with RA that have reached remission. Criteria for selecting patients that are likely to remain in remission are still incompletely defined. We aimed to identify predictors of successful discontinuation of bDMARD therapy in the Swiss Clinical Quality Management (SCQM) registry, a real-world cohort of RA patients.

Methods
RA patients in DAS28-ESR remission who stopped bDMARD/tsDMARD treatment were included. Loss of remission was defined as a DAS28-ESR &gt; 2.6 or restart of a bDMARD/tsDMARD. Time to loss of remission was the main outcome. Kaplan–Meier methods were applied and Cox regression was used for multivariable analyses adjusting for confounding factors. Missing data were imputed using multiple imputation.

Results
A total of 318 patients in a bDMARD/tsDMARD-free remission were followed between 1997 and 2017. In total, 241 patients (76%) lost remission after a median time of 0.9 years (95% CI: 0.7, 1.0). The time to loss of remission was shorter in women, in patients with a longer disease duration &gt;4yrs and in patients who did not meet clinical disease activity index (CDAI) remission criteria at baseline. Remission was longer in patients with csDMARD therapy during b/tsDMARD free remission [hazard ratio (HR) 0.8, P =0.05, 95% CI: 0.6, 1.0].

Conclusion
In a real-world patient population, the majority of patients who discontinued b/tsDMARD treatment lost remission within &lt;1 year. Our study confirms that fulfilment of more rigorous remission criteria and csDMARD treatment increases the chance of maintaining b/tsDMARD-free remission.
Collagenase Clostridium Histolyticum-aaes for the Treatment of Cellulite in Women: Results From Two Phase 3 Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials
Authors: Kaufman-Janette Joely , Joseph John H. , Kaminer Michael S. , Clark James , Fabi Sabrina G. , Gold Michael H. , Goldman Mitchel P. , Katz Bruce E. , Peddy Kappa , Schlessinger Joel , Young V. Leroy , Davis Matthew , Hurley David , Liu Genzhou , McLane Michael P. , Vijayan Saji , Bass Lawrence S. 
Published: April 2021

BACKGROUND
Fibrous septae play a role in contour alterations associated with cellulite.

OBJECTIVE
To assess collagenase clostridium histolyticum-aaes (CCH) for the treatment of cellulite.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two identically designed phase 3, double-blind, randomized studies (RELEASE-1 and RELEASE-2) were conducted. Adult women with moderate/severe cellulite (rating 3–4 on the Patient Reported Photonumeric Cellulite Severity Scale [PR-PCSS] and Clinician Reported PCSS [CR-PCSS]) on the buttocks received up to 3 treatment sessions of subcutaneous CCH 0.84 mg or placebo per treatment area. Composite response (≥2-level or ≥1-level improvement from baseline in both PR-PCSS and CR-PCSS) was determined at Day 71.

RESULTS
Eight hundred forty-three women received ≥1 injection (CCH vs placebo: RELEASE-1, n = 210 vs n = 213; RELEASE-2, n = 214 vs n = 206). Greater percentages of CCH-treated women were ≥2-level composite responders versus placebo in RELEASE-1 (7.6% vs 1.9%; p = .006) and RELEASE-2 (5.6% vs 0.5%; p = .002) and ≥1-level composite responders in RELEASE-1 (37.1% vs 17.8%; p < .001) and RELEASE-2 (41.6% vs 11.2%; p < .001). Most adverse events (AEs) in the CCH group were injection site related; few CCH-treated women discontinued because of an AE (≤4.3%).

CONCLUSION
Collagenase clostridium histolyticum-aaes significantly improved cellulite appearance and was generally well tolerated.
RETINAL AND CHOROIDAL BLOOD PERFUSION IN PATIENTS WITH BIETTI CRYSTALLINE DYSTROPHY
Authors: Xu Yufei , Qin Zuoxin , Wu Nan , Zhao Tongtao , Gu Peng , Ren Bangqi , Li Lin , Meng Xiaohong , Liu Yong 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
To compare changes of chorioretinal blood perfusion between Bietti crystalline dystrophy (BCD) and typical retinitis pigmentosa and perform a staging and a longitudinal analysis of chorioretinal perfusion in BCD.

Methods:
Twenty-eight patients with BCD (56 eyes), 28 patients with typical retinitis pigmentosa (56 eyes), and 28 healthy subjects (56 eyes) were enrolled. Macular structural parameters and subfoveal choroidal thickness were measured using optical coherence tomography. Retinal vessel and perfusion densities were calculated using optical coherence tomography angiography. Choroidal blood perfusion was assessed through indocyanine green angiography. The results of the BCD group were compared with those of the retinitis pigmentosa and control groups and followed by a staging and a longitudinal analysis of BCD.

Results:
Macular structural and perfusion parameters were decreased less in the BCD group than those in the retinitis pigmentosa group. Subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly thinner in the BCD group, with a remarkable choroidal perfusion deficit using indocyanine green angiography. The staging analysis revealed damage of both retinal and choroidal perfusion in BCD; however, the longitudinal analysis showed the impairment of choroidal perfusion outweighed retinal.

Conclusion:
Both retinal and choroidal blood perfusion are impaired in BCD, but choroidal perfusion deficit caused by CYP4V2 mutations may play a more vital pathologic role.
Hospital Magnet Status Associates With Inpatient Safety in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Aamodt Whitley W. , Travers Jasmine , Thibault Dylan , Willis Allison W. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Persons with Parkinson disease (PD) have complex care needs that may benefit from enhanced nursing care provided in Magnet-designated hospitals. Our primary objective was to determine whether an association exists between hospital Magnet status and patient safety events for PD inpatients in the United States. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality databases from 2000 to 2010. Parkinson disease diagnosis and demographic variables were retrieved, along with Magnet designation and other hospital characteristics. Inpatient mortality and preventable adverse events in hospitals with and without Magnet status were then compared using relevant Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality patient safety indicators. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2010, 493 760 hospitalizations among PD patients were identified. Of those, 40 121 (8.1%) occurred at one of 389 Magnet hospitals. When comparing PD patients in Magnet versus non-Magnet hospitals, demographic characteristics were similar. Multivariate regression models adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics identified a 21% reduction in mortality among PD inpatients in Magnet hospitals (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–0.85). PD inpatients in Magnet hospitals also had a lower odds of experiencing any patient safety indicator (AOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.68–0.79), pressure ulcers (AOR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.55–0.67), death from a low mortality condition (AOR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.68–0.79), and a higher odds of postoperative bleeding (AOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.04–2.04). CONCLUSIONS: PD patients had a reduced risk of inpatient mortality and several nursing-sensitive patient safety events, highlighting the possible benefits of Magnet status on inpatient safety in PD.