bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific T cell responses are impaired during late pregnancy with elevated biomarkers of tuberculosis risk postpartum
Authors: Saha Aparajita , Escuduero Jaclyn , Layouni Troy , Richardson Barbra , Hou Sharon , Mugo Nelly , Mujugira Andrew , Celum Connie , Baeten Jared M. , Lingappa Jairam , John-Stewart Grace C. , LaCourse Sylvia M. , Shah Javeed A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRationalePregnancy is a risk factor for progression from latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to symptomatic tuberculosis (TB). However, how dynamic immunologic changes in pregnancy influence immune responses toM. tuberculosis(Mtb) is unknown.ObjectivesWe performed a detailed characterization of Mtb-specific T cell responses of women at high risk for Mtb infection, leveraging a biorepository of longitudinally samples collected before, during, and after pregnancy in high HIV/TB burden settings.MethodsWe used specimens collected from women who became pregnant while enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention. We measured Mtb-specific cytokines, CCR7 and CD45RA memory markers, and overall CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation from 49 women using COMPASS, a Bayesian statistical method for evaluating overall antigen-specific T cell responses measured by flow cytometry.Measurements and Main Results22 LTBI+ women, defined by flow cytometry, demonstrated significantly diminished Mtb-specific CD4+ cytokine responses in the third trimester (COMPASS score (PFS) 0.07) compared before (PFS 0.15), during (PFS 0.13 and 0.16), and after pregnancy (PFS 0.14; p = 0.0084, Kruskal-Wallis test). Paradoxically, Mtb-specific CD8+ cytokine responses and nonspecifically activated CD38+HLA-DR+CD4+ T cells increased during late pregnancy. Nonspecific T cell activation, a previously validated biomarker for progression from LTBI to TB disease, was increased in LTBI+ women postpartum, compared with LTBI-women.ConclusionsPregnancy-related functional T cell changes were most pronounced during late pregnancy. Mtb-specific T cell changes during pregnancy and postpartum, increases in immune activation may contribute to increased risk for TB progression in the postpartum period.
Intersections between pneumonia, lowered oxygen saturation percentage and immune activation mediate depression, anxiety and chronic fatigue syndrome-like symptoms due to COVID-19: a nomothetic network approach
Authors: Al-Jassas Hawraa Kadhem , Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem , Maes Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 is associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms including increased depressive, anxiety and chronic fatigue-syndrome (CFS)-like physiosomatic (previously known as psychosomatic) symptoms.AimsTo delineate the associations between affective and CFS-like symptoms in COVID-19 and chest CT-scan anomalies (CCTAs), oxygen saturation (SpO2), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), albumin, calcium, magnesium, soluble angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2) and soluble advanced glycation products (sRAGEs).MethodThe above biomarkers were assessed in 60 COVID-19 patients and 30 heathy controls who had measurements of the Hamilton Depression (HDRS) and Anxiety (HAM-A) and the Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue (FF) Rating Scales.ResultsPartial Least Squares-SEM analysis showed that reliable latent vectors could be extracted from a) key depressive and anxiety and physiosomatic symptoms (the physio-affective or PA-core), b) IL-6, IL-10, CRP, albumin, calcium, and sRAGEs (the immune response core); and c) different CCTAs (including ground glass opacities, consolidation, and crazy paving) and lowered SpO2% (lung lesions). PLS showed that 70.0% of the variance in the PA-core was explained by the regression on the immune response and lung lesions latent vectors. Moreover, one common “infection-immune-inflammatory (III) core” underpins pneumonia-associated CCTAs, lowered SpO2 and immune activation, and this III core explains 70% of the variance in the PA core, and a relevant part of the variance in melancholia, insomnia, and neurocognitive symptoms.DiscussionAcute SARS-CoV-2 infection is accompanied by lung lesions and lowered SpO2 which both may cause activated immune-inflammatory pathways, which mediate the effects of the former on the PA-core and other neuropsychiatric symptoms due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Relative deprivation in income, tobacco chewing and bidi smoking among Indian adults: Findings from a cross-sectional national study
Authors: Sharma Anupam Joya , Subramanyam Malavika Ambale 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe robust relationship of income with health outcomes is widely documented and there is a rich body of work examining the direct impact of income on health. However, researchers have also extensively studied the relationship of an individual’s relative socioeconomic position with their wellbeing, frequently explained by the relative deprivation (RD) hypothesis. Despite the high socioeconomic inequality, research on RD in the Indian context is scarce. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to assess the relationship of RD in income with the risk of tobacco chewing and bidi smoking in a sample of Indian adults. We drew data from the second round of the nationally representative India Human Development Survey for our analysis. Using data on annual household equivalized income from 26,529 adults, we created the Yitzhaki index to operationalize RD in income. We then fitted survey adjusted logistic regression models accounting for age, gender, absolute household equivalized income, education, place of residence, caste, and religion. Odds ratios from fully adjusted models for the third tertile (greatest relative deprivation) versus the first tertile (lowest relative deprivation) ranged between 1.32 (95% CI=1.15, 1.50) and 1.63 (95% CI=1.40, 1.89) for tobacco chewing and varied between 0.99 (95% CI=0.86, 1.14) and 1.32 (95% CI=1.15, 1.51) for bidi smoking, depending on the reference group used to compute the RD measure. Our findings suggested that with higher RD, the risk of consumption of smokeless tobacco and bidi smoking was higher. These results point to the health hazard of relative deprivation in a society that has enjoyed rapid economic growth coupled with rising income inequality in the last few decades. Our findings call for a comprehensive assessment of the socioeconomic inequality in income and health observed in India and the implementation of efficient programs to narrow the gap.Data availability statementThe data that support the findings of this study are available in IHDS 2 at https://ihds.umd.edu/data/ihds-2.
Noninvasive genetic sampling of two flying fox species provides a high rate of genotyping success and a low error rate during amplification
Authors: Ibouroi Mohamed Thani , Cheha Ali , Besnard Aurelien 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTNoninvasive genetic sampling techniques are useful tools for providing genetic data that are crucially needed for determining suitable conservation actions. Yet these methods may be highly unreliable in certain situations for instance, when working with faecal samples of frugivorous species in tropical areas. In this study, we tested the applicability of noninvasive genetic sampling on two Comoro Islands flying fox species: Pteropus livingstonii and P.seychellensis comorensis in order to optimize the sampling and laboratory process. Both mitochondrial (mtDNA) and microsatellite markers were tested using two common faeces conservation protocols (ethanol and silica gel), and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) success and genotyping error rates were assessed. The average proportion of mtDNA PCRs positive results was 55% for P.livingstonii and 38% for P.s.comorensis, and higher amplification success was obtained for samples preserved in ethanol as compared to silica gel. The average genotyping success rate was high (74% for P.livingstonii and 95% for P.s.comorensis) and the genotyping error rate was low for both species. Despite our results confirm the effectiveness of using noninvasive genetic sampling methods to study flying fox species, the protocol we used can be optimized to provide higher efficiency. Some recommendations related to field sampling protocols and laboratory methods are proposed in order to optimize amplification rate and minimize genotyping errors.
Does an artistic representation of brand logos increase their effect on customers?
Authors: Krämer Julia , Rott Timo , Tenberge Jan-Gerd , Schiffler Patrick , Johnen Andreas , Landmeyer Nils C. , Olivier Ferencz , Wiendl Heinz , Meuth Sven G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn numerous fMRI studies, brands strongly confound the customer’s economic decisions on a neural level by modulating cortical activity in reward-related areas.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that the effect of logos can be increased by artistic logo representations, we presented logos in original and artistically changed versions during fMRI.MethodsFollowing a pre-study survey on the familiarity of original brand logos, 15 logos rated as “familiar” and 10 logos rated as “unfamiliar” were selected for fMRI experiment. During fMRI, 15 healthy subjects were presented with original and artistically changed logos out of the familiar/unfamiliar categories. A whole-brain and ROI analysis for reward-related areas were performed. Moreover, logo-induced valence and arousal were measured with the self-assessment manikin.ResultsWhole-brain analysis revealed activation in bilateral visual cortex for artistically changed logos (familiar/unfamiliar) compared to original logos. No significant effect could be detected for the ROI analysis. On average, the logos caused neutral emotions. However, when analyzing valence and arousal for familiar/unfamiliar and original/artistically changed logos separately, familiar original logos evoked stronger positive emotions than familiar artistically changed logos. Artistically changed logos (familiar/unfamiliar) excited participants significantly more than original logos.ConclusionArtistically changed logos elicit activation in the bilateral visual cortex but not in reward-related areas.
Novel intracellular phospholipase B fromPseudomonas aeruginosawith activity towards endogenous phospholipids affects biofilm assembly
Authors: Weiler Andrea J. , Spitz Olivia , Gudzuhn Mirja , Schott-Verdugo Stephan N. , Kamel Michael , Thiele Björn , Streit Wolfgang R. , Kedrov Alexej , Schmitt Lutz , Gohlke Holger , Kovacic Filip 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosais a severe threat to immunocompromised patients due to its numerous virulence factors and multiresistance against antibiotics. This bacterium produces and secretes various toxins with hydrolytic activities including phospholipases A, C and D. However, the function of intracellular phospholipases for bacterial virulence has still not been established. Here we demonstrate that the hypothetical genepa2927ofP. aeruginosaencodes a novel phospholipase B named PaPlaB. PaPlaB isolated from detergent-solubilized membranes ofE. colirapidly degraded various GPLs including endogenous GPLs isolated fromP. aeruginosacells. Cellular localization studies suggest that PaPlaB is peripherally bound to the inner and outer membrane ofE. coli, yet the active form was predominantly associated with the cytoplasmic membrane.In vitroactivity of purified and detergent-stabilized PaPlaB increases at lower protein concentrations. The size distribution profile of PaPlaB oligomers revealed that decreasing protein concentration triggers oligomer dissociation. These results indicate that homooligomerisation regulates PaPlaB activity by a yet unknown mechanism, which might be required for preventing bacteria from self-disrupting the membrane. We demonstrated that PaPlaB is an important determinant of the biofilm lifestyle ofP. aeruginosa, as shown by biofilm quantification assay and confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis of biofilm architecture. This novel intracellular phospholipase B with a putative virulence role contributes to our understanding of membrane GPL degrading enzymes and may provide a target for new therapeutics againstP. aeruginosabiofilms.
Raman Needle Arthroscopy for In Vivo Molecular Assessment of Cartilage
Authors: Kroupa Kimberly , Wu Man I , Zhang Juncheng , Jensen Magnus , Wong Wei , Engiles Julie B. , Grinstaff Mark W. , Snyder Brian D. , Bergholt Mads S. , Albro Michael B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe development of treatments for osteoarthritis (OA) is burdened by the lack of standardized biomarkers of cartilage health that can be applied in clinical trials. We present a novel arthroscopic Raman probe that can “optically biopsy” cartilage and quantify key ECM biomarkers for determining cartilage composition, structure, and material properties in health and disease. Technological and analytical innovations to optimize Raman analysis include: 1) multivariate decomposition of cartilage Raman spectra into ECM-constituent-specific biomarkers (glycosaminoglycan [GAG], collagen [COL], water [H2O] scores), and 2) multiplexed polarized Raman spectroscopy to quantify superficial zone collagen anisotropy via a PLS-DA-derived Raman collagen alignment factor (RCAF). Raman measurements were performed on a series of ex vivo cartilage models: 1) chemically GAG-depleted bovine cartilage explants (n=40), 2) mechanically abraded bovine cartilage explants (n=30), 3) aging human cartilage explants (n=14), and 4) anatomical-site-varied ovine osteochondral explants (n=6). Derived Raman GAG score biomarkers predicted 95%, 66%, and 96% of the variation in GAG content of GAG-depleted bovine explants, human explants, and ovine explants, respectively (p<0.001). RCAF values were significantly different for explants with abrasion-induced superficial zone collagen loss (p<0.001). The multivariate linear regression of Raman-derived ECM biomarkers (GAG and H2O scores) predicted 94% of the variation in elastic modulus of ovine explants (p<0.001). Finally, we demonstrated the first in vivo Raman arthroscopy assessment of an ovine femoral condyle through intraarticular entry into the synovial capsule. This work advances Raman arthroscopy towards a transformative low cost, minimally invasive diagnostic platform for objective monitoring of treatment outcomes from emerging OA therapies.
Single-cell transcriptome analysis of embryonic and adult endothelial cells allows to rank the hemogenic potential of post-natal endothelium
Authors: Adamov Artem , Serina Secanechia Yasmin Natalia , Lancrin Christophe 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells are crucial for the continuous production of blood cells during life. The transplantation of these cells is one of the most common treatments to cure patient suffering of blood diseases. However, the lack of suitable donors is a major limitation. One option to get hematopoietic stem cells matching perfectly a patient is cellular reprogramming. Hematopoietic stem cells emerge from endothelial cells in blood vessels during embryogenesis through the endothelial to hematopoietic transition. Here, we used single-cell transcriptomics analysis to compare embryonic and post-natal endothelial cells to investigate the potential of adult vasculature to be reprogrammed in hematopoietic stem cells. Although transcriptional similarities have been found between embryonic and adult endothelial cells, we found some key differences in term of transcription factors expression. There is a deficit of expression of Runx1, Tal1, Lyl1 and Cbfb in adult endothelial cells compared to their embryonic counterparts. Using a combination of gene expression profiling and gene regulatory network analysis, we found that endothelial cells from the pancreas, brain, kidney and liver appear to be the most suitable targets for cellular reprogramming into hematopoietic stem cells. Overall, our work provides an important resource for the rational design of a reprogramming strategy for the generation of hematopoietic stem cells.
Airspace design for integrating RPAS into terminal airspace
Authors: Arranz Moneo Monica , Pérez-Castán Javier Alberto , Gomez Comendador Victor Fernando , Rodríguez-Sanz Álvaro , Arnaldo Valdes Rosa María 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to analyse remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS) integration in non-segregated terminal airspace. This work aims to identify the potential airspace volumes where a free operation of RPAS can be developed by analysing the airspace design of the terminal airspace.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology considers five crucial elements of the airspace design: obstacles, prohibited, restricted and dangerous zones, aerodrome zones, departing and arriving procedures and visual corridors. Free operation of RPAS is performed in those airspace volumes that no interaction with instrumental flight rules (IFR) flights is expected. Free RPAS airspace volumes are separated through current IFR separation minima.

Findings
The results show there is a significant amount of available airspace that RPAS can operate without interaction with conventional aircraft. The more significant risks are allocated by the limitations imposed by departing and arriving procedures in the terminal airspace.

Research limitations/implications
The methodology is applied to medium-dense terminal airspace. This work assumes RPAS can perform visual or instrumental flights.

Originality/value
RPAS is a capital issue for the majority of aviation actors. This work underlay the further development of a methodology regarding airspace design for RPAS in a terminal control area.
Legitimacy, autonomy and trust: a recipe for organizations to operate in the public interest
Authors: Wilson Christopher , Knighton Devin 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study aims to examine the effect of publics' legitimacy evaluations on Arthur W. Page's conceptualization of “reasonable freedom of action” by breaking it into two parts: (1) perceived organizational autonomy and (2) trust in the organization.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducted an online experiment using a 2 (legitimacy: low, high) × 2 (legitimacy type: institutional, actional) between-subjects design. Measured variables included perceived organizational autonomy and trust.FindingsOrganizations acting in their own self-interest while ignoring community norms and expectations were perceived to be exercising higher levels of organizational autonomy and have lower levels of trust. The interaction between legitimacy type and level had an effect on perceived organizational autonomy and trust.Research limitations/implicationsPublic's view their relationships with organizations from a perspective that prioritizes responsibility and conformity to community norms and expectations. Also, organizations have more to lose by acting in their own self-interest to resolve institutional legitimacy concerns and more to gain by handling them in a way that includes the public interest than when they are managing an actional legitimacy situation.Practical implicationsSocietal norms, values and beliefs, which may have accommodated, or even supported, an organization's approach to doing business in the past, can change over time, calling into question an organization's legitimacy and its ability to operate in the public interest. As a result, organizational leaders need the Chief Communication Officer to help them understand current societal norms, values and beliefs.Originality/valueThis study addresses a core assumption of the organization–public relationship paradigm that has not yet been studied empirically. It also expands the understanding of organizational autonomy from a public perspective and examines the effect of legitimacy on organizational autonomy and trust.
The relation of servant leadership with followers' organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB): mediating role of generalized self-efficacy (GSE) and organization–based self-esteem (OBSE)
Authors: Bantha Tapas , Sahni Sanjeev P. 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study aims to understand the relationship between servant leadership (SL) and followers’ organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) along with the mediational role of generalized self-efficacy (GSE) and organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) on the relationship.Design/methodology/approachA review of literature on leadership has been carried out to formulate a conceptual model that has focussed on the relationship between SL and followers’ OCB. The paper has also drawn the role of GSE and OBSE with relation to SL and followers’ OCB.FindingsThe literature has highlighted the importance of SL in promoting followers’ OCB, GSE and OBSE, and the positive relation of GSE and OBSE with followers’ OCB is also demonstrated.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a conceptual work that has drawn from secondary material. A further empirical examination can help validate the ideas that have been proposed here.Practical implicationsThis paper has highlighted the role of SL in organizations. It has also provided ample scope for practitioners to rethink about their current leadership style/approach and to plan their approach in such a way that can facilitate followers’ OCB, GSE and OBSE, which may result in organizational productivity and sustainability.Originality/valueThis paper has tried to connect two mediators, i.e. GSE and OBSE with SL in the Indian context that has been studied differently concerning different contexts, and that may add a new dimension to the discourse on SL.
Adapt to not just survive but thrive: resilience strategies of five-star hotels at difficult times
Authors: Shi Fangfang , Shi Da , Weaver David , Samaniego Chavez Carla Estefania 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This research aims to explore the strategies and tactics taken by five-star hotels to create and sustain competitiveness at difficult times, the role of innovation among the initiatives taken and the factors that influence managers’ decision in selection of coping measures.

Design/methodology/approach
The research was conducted in two stages. The first stage focused on textual analysis of online news reports on luxury hotels’ coping strategies taken between 2013 and 2018. At the second stage, expert interviews were carried out with 25 managers of five-star hotels to obtain richer information of hotels’ responsive measures. The qualitative data were analyzed by thematic analysis.

Findings
The results revealed that five-star hotels in China made adjustment in physical resource management, human resource management, marketing mix, operation process and external relations to maintain competitiveness during difficult times. A model of hotel resilience was developed based on the findings. Innovation was imbedded in the responsive measures throughout these areas. Managers’ selection of coping measures was affected by the hotel’s organizational culture, location, brand image and competitors.

Practical implications
The model of hotel resilience serves as a useful reference to plan and select strategies and tactics to respond to similar external challenges. Hotel managers are recommended to embrace a variety of innovations directed at both internal management and customer service during challenging times.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first empirical research that systematically examines the measures taken by hotels during critical times to maintain competitiveness, linking these to contemporary post-Fordist operational trends.