bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of total flavonoids from Drynaria rhizome on bone loss in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Yu Fang , Lv QingNa , Tong ZhiHong , Song WenJi , Zhao ZhengNan , Yuan Bo , Liang HaiDong 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To determine the potential effect of total flavonoids from Drynaria rhizome on bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.
Methods: The rats were divided into four groups: normal control, ovariectomized (OVX) control, and two Drynaria rhizome (DR) flavonoids treatments. Post-operation, osteoporotic OVX rats were given Drynaria rhizome total flavonoids for 3 months. Thereafter, the expressions of bone-related genes and biochemical indices were investigated in samples taken from rat serum and bone.
Results: Treatment with total flavonoids from Drynaria rhizome prevented bone mineral loss and improved some related biochemical indices associated with osteoporosis, namely, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), bone gla protein (BGP) and estradiol (E2). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) data showed that treatment with the total flavonoids significantly downregulated mRNA expression of Wnt10b, β-catenin, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) and BMP4 in OVX rats, but significantly reversed OVX-induced downregulation of dickkopf1 (Dkk1) mRNA expression.
Conclusion: These results indicate that total flavonoids from Drynaria rhizome exert anti-osteoporotic effects in rats through the WNT signaling and BMP-2 signaling pathways.
Fingerprint and multi-component quantitative analyses for quality evaluation of Rhizoma coptidis steamed with rice wine
Authors: Wang Jin , Zeng Hai-rong , Lou Guan-hua , Hu Chang-jiang , Huang Qin-wan , Yang Xiang-bo 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of multi-components of Rhizoma coptidis steamed with rice wine (RCRW), and to provide a reference for assessing its standard of quality.
Method: Chromatographic separation was performed on a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system to determine the characteristic fingerprint of RCRW. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid (B), with gradients of B as follows: 15 - 20 % from 0 – 30 min; 20 - 25 % from 30 - 50 min; 25 - 35 % for 50 - 60 min, and 35 % for 60 - 70 min.
Results: In the multiple reaction monitoring mode, eight components of RCRW were isolated by HPLCphoto-diode array (PDA) method. A fingerprint of the RCRW was established and 8 peaks were calibrated. The method was further validated in terms of linearity (R2 > 0.9993), precision (relative standard deviation, RSD < 1.51 %); repeatability (RSD < 2.98 %) and stability (RSD < 1.93 %). Mean recovery rate ranged from 96.2 to 103.8 %, while RSD values ranged from 0.92 to 2.88 %.
Conclusion: These results show that HPLC-PDA method is accurate and feasible, and that they provide a reference for further comprehensive and effective quality control of RCRW.
Knowledge and practice of folic acid supplementation and impact of income level on awareness among women of child-bearing age in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albader Nawal A. , Negm Doaa R. , El Gabry Eman K. , El-Sayed Mervat M. , Arzoo Shaista 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To investigate the knowledge of Saudi women (pregnant and non-pregnant) about the significance of folic acid (FA) supplementation and to determine how income levels affects this knowledge and its implementation.
Methods: The study was conducted among women of child-bearing age attending Al-Hada Armed Forces Hospital and Khaliss General Hospital (both in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) for pregnant women and Omm Al-Qura University in Makkah Governorate (Saudi Arabia) for non-pregnant women. A structured questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data and to analyze levels of FA knowledge, including general awareness, proper timing of its use, information source, FA benefits, and the perils of FA deficiency. A chi-square test was performed to test the differences between variables.
Results: Analysis of the survey data revealed that 81.1 % of non–pregnant and 91.1 % of pregnant women were aware of the term, FA (p < 0.05). Moreover, 71.1 % of the pregnant compared to 35.6% of non-pregnant women knew that this supplement must be taken before becoming pregnant and this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). For pregnant women, doctors and previous pregnancies were the main sources of FA knowledge, while mass media was the most frequently reported source for non-pregnant women (p < 0.05). Income level was not associated with FA knowledge in either group.
Conclusions: This study illustrates a deficiency in the knowledge and consumption of this important micronutrient in women of childbearing age, the population most in need of this information. Nutrition education should be provided to increase the understanding and practice of FA supplementation periconceptionally and during pregnancy.
Salvia miltiorrhiza injection ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via downregulation of PECAM-1
Authors: Ronghai Yang , Weiping Yao , YingFeng Liu , Xuejun Wang , Jianguang Liang , Jiachao Liu 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Salvia miltiorrhiza injection on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and PECAM-1 related pathways.
Method: Male Wistar rats were used for establishment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups: experimental group, low dose group (Salvia miltiorrhiza injection, 10 mL/kg/day), moderate dose group (Salvia miltiorrhiza injection, 20 mL/kg/day) and high dose group (Salvia miltiorrhiza injection, 40 mL/kg/day). Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model was established in the four groups. Evans-TTC staining was used to assess relative area of ischemiareperfusion injury. Blood samples were collected for assay of PECAM-1 expression using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fresh blood platelets were collected in all groups, and divided into two groups - control group (normal culture) and experimental group (Salvia miltiorrhiza injection). The expression of PECAM-1 in blood platelets was assayed using Western blot.
Result: Compared with the experimental group, Salvia miltiorrhiza injection ameliorated myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and decreased the infarction area seen in Evans/TTC staining. PECAM-1 expression in blood was decreased by Salvia miltiorrhiza injection. Blood platelets dysfunction was induced after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, and the level of PECAM-1 increased. However, Salvia miltiorrhiza injection treatment downregulated the expression of PECAM-1 after myocardial ischemiareperfusion.
Conclusion: Salvia miltiorrhiza injection maintains normal function of blood platelets and ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by decreasing expression of PECAM-1.
Polygonatum sibiricum extract exerts inhibitory effect on diabetes in a rat model
Authors: Yu Lai-zeng , Zhang Xue-peng , Wang Ying-xin 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of Polygonatum sibiricum extract (PSE) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Methods: PSE was obtained by steeping the dried Polygonatum sibiricum in water at 60 oC three times, each for 1 h, before first drying in an oven at 100C and then freeze-drying the final extract, thus obtained. Diabetic model rats were prepared by a single intraperitoneal injection of a freshly prepared solution of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg). The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of ten rats each: negative control, normal control, reference (glibenclamide1 mg/kg) as well as PSE groups, (35, 70 and 140 mg/kg). Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured to determine antihyperglycemic effect. Oxidative stress was evaluated in liver and kidney by their antioxidant markers, viz, lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT). Blood serum levels of creatinine and urea were determined in both diabetic control and treated rats.
Results: Compared with diabetic rats, oral administration of PSE at a concentration of 120 mg/kg daily for 30 days showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (118.34 ± 3.29 mg/dL) (p < 0.05) and increased insulin level (12.86± 0.62 uU/mL, p < 0.05). Furthermore, it significantly reduced biochemical parameters (serum creatinine, 0.83 ±0.21 mg/dL, p < 0.05) and serum urea (43.26±1.42 mg/dL, p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The results suggest that PSE may effectively normalize impaired antioxidant status in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, PSE has a protective effect against lipid peroxidation by scavenging free radicals, restoration of insulin function, and reduction of the incidence of complications.
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of methanol extract of Tamus communis L. roots
Authors: Amraoui Nacer , Mayouf Nozha , Charef Noureddine , Baghiani Abderrahmane , Arrar Lekhmici 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti‐arthritic effects of the methanol extract of Tamus communis roots.
Methods: The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using Folin–Ciocalteu’s reagent and aluminium chloride assays, respectively while the antioxidant capacity was determined using DPPH and β-carotene/linoleate tests. For anti-inflammatory activity, carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat was used. Formaldehyde-induced paw edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats were used to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of the extract.
Results: The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of T. communis showed 55.2 ± 0.036 mg GAE/g dry weight and 1.191 ± 0.002 mg QEq/g dry weight, respectively while the antioxidant activity (DPPH) showed a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 of 0.128 ± 0.011 mg/mL. Using βcarotene/linoleate assay, the extract showed 88.13 ± 4.03 % inhibition. In carrageenan-induced paw edema in rat, all doses of T. communis did not show inhibition of edema. In contrast, formaldehyde induced paw edema decreased at the dose of 150 mg/kg days 2 and 4. However, doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg did not show any activity. In adjuvant-induced arthritis, all used doses caused no reduction in arthritic scores and in paw thickness except a significant decrease with the dose 150 mg/kg at the last day.
Conclusion: T. communis extract exhibits high antioxidant activity related to the phenolic compound contents. However, the results of the anti-inflammatory and anti‐arthritic studies did not support its use in folk medicine in the treatment of rheumatic ailment except on low doses
Mechanism of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistance to carbapenem antibiotics
Authors: Chen Danxia , Zhu Yan , Hu Liangshan , Wu Xiaoyun , Li Mingyou , Lin HanHui 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To investigate the mechanism of action of Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn) resistance to carbapenem.
Methods: The susceptibility of six Klebsiella pneumoniae strains to antibiotics was determined using KB assay. Six isolated strains which were resistant to carbapenem were identified and collected using modified Hodge test. The phenotypes of metal enzyme were evaluated by ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) disk diffusion method. The genes for beta-lactamases, including KPC gene, were examined.
Results: The six carbapenem-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were resistant to imipenem, meropenem and aztreonam, but were sensitive to amikacin, fosfomycin, minocycline, and polymyxin. The six pathogens did not produce metal enzyme, but they produced carbapenemases. Moreover, the six strains partially carried blaTEM or blaSHV gene, but all had blaKPC-2 gene.
Conclusion: These results suggest that the pathogens that contain blaKPC-2 gene may be involved in the mechanism of Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kpn) resistance to carbapenem.
Ethno-philosophy is Rational: A Reply to Two Famous Critics
Authors: Mangena F 
Published: June 2021

In this article, I contend that philosophical reactions against ethno-philosophy, especially the arguments by professional African philosophers such as Paulin Hountondji and Kwame Anthony Appiah, cannot go unchallenged at a time when Africa is facing a myriad of problems such as disease, famine, ethnic conflicts, religious wars, and natural disasters which, in my view, stem from the continent’s failure to reflect on its past in the quest for lasting solutions. Having looked at the historical context of the emergence of ethno-philosophy or the project of cultural revivalism, and having closely examined the premises presented by Hountondji and Appiah against ethno-philosophy - which I consider to be unconvincing because of their tendency to glide into Western philosophical forms of thought - I argue that ethno-philosophy is just like Western philosophy, as it is based on a recognized form of reasoning, namely inductive reasoning, packaged in proverbs, riddles and other cultural resources. I also argue that religious beliefs are not an obstacle to the development of scientific thought in Africa; rather, they are an aid to it since both have complementary rather than opposing roles. KeywordsPhilosophy, ethno-philosophy, primitive unanimity, induction, African proverbs
სტარტაპი - იდეები ბიზნესისთვის
Authors: KAKULIA TORNIKE 
Published: June 2021

თორნიკე კაკულია
ეკონომიკის დოქტორი.
E-mail: tornike@transload-geo.com
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-1746
მოკლე აღწერა
სტარტაპი არის ახალი ფინანსური პროექტი, რომლის მიზანია სწრაფად დაიბრუნოს ჩადებული ინვესტიცია და მიიღოს მოგება. სტრატაპი ჩვეულებრივი ბიზნესის სახეობაა, თუმცა მათ შორის არის განსხვავება. სტარტაპი არის ბიზნესი, რომელიც აქამდე არ ყოფილა. სტარტაპი ბიზნესის საწყისი ეტაპია, რომელშიც იდეა გადამწყვეტია. სწორედ ამ იდეებში დებენ ინვესტორები თავიანთ ფულს. ინვესტორების მიზანია დაეხმარონ კომპანიას საკუთარი ცოდნით მოახდინონ პროექტის წარმატებული გაყიდვები. მიღებული ფული მიზნად ისახავს ბიზნესის ზრდის დაჩქარებას და მასშტაბების გაფართოებას. სტატისტიკურად, სტარტაპების 90% წარუმატებელია.
სტატიაში განხილულია სტარტაპის არსი, მისი თავისებურებები და განსხვავებები ჩვეულებრივი ბიზნესისაგან; სტარტაპის ზრდის დაფინანსების პოპულარული წყაროები; ზოგადად, სტარტაპის შექმნის პროცესი; წარუმატებლობის მიზეზები. სტატიის მიზანია დამწყებ ბიზნესმენებს გააცნოს, თუ როგორ შეიძლება დაიწყო სტარტაპი და რა რისკები შეიძლება ახლდეს მას.
Actividad física y calidad de la dieta en escolares de la ciudad de Navojoa, Sonora
Authors: Castro Andrés Aquilino , Borbón Castro Norma , Cruz Ortega Manuel , Duarte Félix Héctor , Durazo Terán Luis , López Castro Lizeth 
Published: June 2021

La actividad física (AF) y alimentación saludable inculcada desde temprana edad influye positivamente en todas las siguientes etapas de vida al generar beneficios biopsicosociales, además de disminuir el riesgo de padecer alguna enfermedad crónica no transmisible (ECNT). Objetivo: analizar el nivel de actividad física y calidad de la dieta en escolares de quinto y sexto grado de una primaria de la ciudad de Navojoa, Sonora. Métodos: se realizó un estudio no experimental de cohorte transversal en 47 sujetos entre 10 y 12 años de edad, se evaluó el nivel de AF y calidad de la dieta para comparar los promedios a través de análisis de la varianza (ANOVA) aplicando un nivel de confianza de 95% y probabilidad p<0.05. Resultados y discusiones: al analizar la frecuencia del porcentaje de diversas actividades físicas realizadas, se observó que el 72.2% de los hombres realizaban entre una y cuatro veces a la semana y el 44% de las mujeres entre tres y cuatro veces a la semana, aunque 59.48% no realizaban AF en tiempo libre, el nivel de AF por grado académico fue similar en ambos grupos (p=0.10) considerados como activos irregulares, asimismo, no se existieron diferencias significativas al comparar el nivel de AF por grado académico y sexo (p=0.35 en hombres y mujeres de quinto grado y p=0.23 en hombres y mujeres de quinto grado). En cuanto al porcentaje de la calidad de la dieta se observó que más del 65% del grupo de sexto grado y más del 45% del grupo de quinto grado presentan una dieta óptima, sin embargo, existe una gran cantidad de escolares que desayunaban bollería industrial, consumían golosinas varias veces al día o comida rápida al menos una vez a la semana Conclusiones: fomentar programas de AF y alimentación saludable en la escuela y como parte extracurricular, asimismo, desarrollar talleres donde se aprenda sobre los grupos de alimentos y cómo benefician la salud física y mental en diferentes etapas de vida.
ASPEK HUKUM DALAM PELAKSANAAN ADMINISTRASI PUBLIK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Oktarina Evi , Deshaini Liza , Sugianto Bambang 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAK
Bentuk dari aspek hukum dalam pelaksanaan administrasi publik di Indonesia adalah kebijakan publik dapat ditinjau tidak hanya secara sosial, politik dan ekonomi tetapi juga yuridis (perundang-undangan). Tujuannya agar penyusunan kebijakan tidak sembarangan atau benar-benar mempertimbangkan dalam menyusun kebijakan akan tidak dianggap melakukan tindakan sewenang-wenang melanggar kewenangan atau mengacuhkan kepentingan publik. Fungsi pemerintah dalam membuat kebijakan dibidang hukum adminstrasi publik yaitu fungsi regeling, membuat produk hukum tertulis yang berisikan materi daya ikat terhadap sebagian atau seluruh penduduk wilayah Negara dan fungsi beschikking, produk hukum yang berupa penetapan yang dibuat oleh pejabat tata usaha Negara.

Kata kunci: Aspek Hukum, Administrasi Publik, Pemerintahan.

ABSTRACT
The form of the legal aspect in the implementation of public administration in Indonesia is that public policy can be reviewed not only socially, politically and economically but also juridically (legislation). The aim is that the formulation of policies is not carelessly or truly considerate in formulating policies that will not be considered as having arbitrarily violated authority or ignored the public interest.The function of the government in making policies in the field of public administration law is the function of regeling, making written legal products containing material binding power to part or all of the population of the State territory and the beschikking function, legal products in the form of decisions made by state administrative officials.
MENGGALI PELUANG EKONOMI KREATIF MELALUI POTENSI DESA SUKA MAJU KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG
Authors: Vuspitasari Benedhikta Kikky , Deffrinica Deffrinica , Siahaan Shanti Veronnica Br 
Published: June 2021

Pelaku ekonomi kreatif Kabupaten Bengkayang sebesar 0.74% artinya masih rendahnya ekonomi kreatif dan banyak potensi yang belum dimaksimalkan Jika dilihat potensi-potensi yang ada di desa Suka Maju, sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu sektor yang menopang perekonomian di daerah tersebut namun belum dioptimalkan dengan baik apakah ada peluang ekonomi lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi apa saja potensi desa yang dapat menjadi peluang ekonomi kreatif di Desa Suka Maju dan Faktor apa saja yang menjadi penghambat peluang ekonomi kreatif di Desa Suka Maju. Penelitian ini metode kualitatif pendekatan Studi Kasus, fokus pada masyarakat Desa Suka Maju, data primer perangkat desa dan masyarakat Desa. Teknik Pengumpulan Data menggunakan teknik observasi, wawancara mendalam, studi dokumentasi. Validitas data menggunakan metode triangulasi. Ada tiga tahapan analisis dalam penelitian yaitu : 1) eksplorasi, 2) interpretasi, 3) kontekstualisasi, hasil penelitian potensi desa Suka Maju berkaitan dengan hasil pertanian dan perkebunan dimana masyarakat lebih banyak mengolah lahan untuk menanam padi di sawah maupun di ladang, selain itu jagung, karet, buah kenari, emas, karet dan sawit yang menjadi potensi ekonomi kreatif adalah anyaman bambu dan wisata alam. Kurangnya pengetahuan berkaitan dengan rendahnya sumber daya manusia, kurangnya kesadaran memanfaatkan potensi desa, Masyarakat terbiasa melakukan semua hal namun tidak difokuskan, kurangnya peran desa dalam membina penganyam bambu, Kurangnya modal menjadi faktor penghambat.
DISTRIBUSI SPASIAL PENDERITA MALARIA DI DISTRIK SENTANI TIMUR KABUPATEN JAYAPURA
Authors: Hastuty Henny Sesanti Budi , Setyowati Denik Wahyu 
Published: June 2021

Papua merupakan daerah endemik malaria dan sebagai penyumbang kasus terbesar di Indonesia yaitu sebesar 79% kasus. API (Annual Parasite Incidence) Kabupaten Jayapura termasuk dalam tiga kabupaten dengan API tertinggi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan distribusi spasial epidemiologi penderita malaria di Kampung Nolokla Distrik Sentani Timur tahun 2019. Jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan rancangan penelitian eksploratif, pendekatan observasi dan survei dengan Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG). Populasi adalah seluruh penderita malaria yang beralamat di Kampung Nolokla yang tercatat pada register rawat jalan Puskesmas Harapan Distrik Sentani Timur bulan Januari sampai Maret 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah penderita malaria adalah sejumlah 290 orang. Berdasarkan kelompok kelompok umur tertinggi pada 15-64 tahun yaitu (52,1%), jenis kelamin laki-laki (53%), waktu kejadian malaria tertinggi pada bulan Maret (40,4%), tempat tinggal di RW 3 (37,9%). Peta distribusi spasial penderita malaria pada bulan Februari hingga Maret tersebar merata di seluruh RW dengan jumlah keseluruhan sebanyak 98 titik penderita malaria dan sebagian besar penderita malaria di RW 3 dengan jumlah sebanyak 37 orang. Kesimpulan, bahwa distribusi spasial epidemiologi penderita malaria di Kampung Nolokla Distrik Sentani Timur terletak di RW 3, letak rumah penderita malaria berada di pinggiran hutan, rawa –rawa, terdapat kubangan dan genangan air sehingga berpotensi menjadi tempat perindukan larva Anopheles sp.
PEMBERDAYAAN ANGGOTA CREDIT UNION SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGENTASAN KEMISKINAN DI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Beni Sabinus 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian dilakukan pada Credit Union (CU) anggota Pusat Koperasi Kredit di Kalimantan Barat yaitu PUSKOPCUINA, PUSKOPDIT Bumi Borneo, PUSKOPDIT Khatulistiwa, dan PUSKOPDIT Kapuas untuk mengetahui kegiatan pemberdayaan yang telah dilakukan oleh CU terhadap anggotanya sebagai upaya untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan melalui CU. Metode penelitian merupakan menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif deskriptif untuk menjelaskan tentang jenis-jenis pemberdayaan anggota CU sehingga dapat menjadi rujukan bagi pengentasan kemiskinan di Indonesia khususnya Kalimantan Barat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat berbagai kegiatan pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh CU dengan berbagai cara dan pendekatan penerapannya sesuai dengan kearifan lokal setempat dan tidak bertentangan dengan Anggaran Dasar dan Anggaran Rumah Tangga serta tertuang dalam Pola Kebijakan dalam rangka ikut serta mengambil peran menyejahterakan masyarakat yang menjadi anggota diantaranya melalui kegiatan pemberdayaan antara lain Pendidikan Calon Anggota, Pendidikan Dasar, Pendidikan Kredit, Pendidikan Lanjutan/Pendidikan Motivasi, Pendampingan Usaha Produktif Anggota, Pendampingan Kelompok Anggota, Iuran Solidaritas, Rapat Anggota Tahunan, Kelompok Inti/Anggota Potensial. Semua kegiatan pemberdayaan tersebut wajib diikuti oleh setiap anggota agar cita-cita kesejahteraan bersama melalui gerakan CU dapat tercapai. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pemberdayaan tersebut dilakukan secara fleksibel serta tidak memaksa namun diwajibkan, karena sebagai anggota CU wajib dan harus memiliki kesadaran untuk merubah derajat hidup keluarga sebagaimana tujuan dan cita-cita berdirinya CU.