bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge of mothers regarding children’s vaccinations in Cyprus: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kyprianidou Maria , Tzira Eleana , Galanis Petros , Giannakou Konstantinos 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionVaccine hesitancy is identified as one of the top threats to global health. A significant drop of childhood vaccine coverage is reported worldwide. One of the key reasons that influenced mothers’ choice to postpone, or avoid children’s vaccination, is knowledge. This study aimed to assess the level of Cypriot mothers’ knowledge on certain aspects of vaccination of their children, examine the association between vaccination knowledge and selected socio-demographic factors, and lastly assess the association of mothers’ knowledge about vaccination with vaccination coverage and delay, compliance to the recommended schedules, vaccination during pregnancy and mother-pediatrician relationship.MethodsAn online-based cross-sectional study conducted to collect information about socio-demographic characteristics, child’s characteristics, vaccination, and vaccine knowledge, using a self-administered questionnaire. The survey was conducted between April 2020 and June 2020 and the study population included mothers over 18 years old with at least one child (<18 years old) living in Cyprus.ResultsA total of 703 Cypriot mothers participated in the study. Most of the participants stated that they vaccined their children (97%) and the most popular source of information about vaccination was their pediatrician (90%). More than half of the participants (57%) have delayed their child/children vaccination with their pediatrician’s suggestion being the main reason. 36% of mothers had low knowledge while the overall correct rate was 13.6% and the median (IQR) knowledge score was 11 (9–12). Having a medium knowledge about vaccination was associated with having a medium or high income, whilst high knowledge compared to low knowledge was associated with completed a higher education and having a high income. Our analysis showed that the correct knowledge by mothers with regards to vaccination increases the probability of vaccinating their children, following the local recommendations for vaccine dosages, and acquiring and trusting vaccination-related information from their children’s pediatrician.ConclusionOur findings show that the majority of mothers in Cyprus had positives perceptions regarding childhood vaccination, as reflected with the high vaccination rate, however, some aspects of mothers’ knowledge of vaccination need to be improved. Public health strategies to promote vaccination, education programs as well as improved communication tools between pediatricians and mothers need to be considered to achieve favorable vaccination attitudes and practices for all mothers in Cyprus.
Using the Multi-metric Index of Biotic Integrity methodological approach to determine the major river catchment that most pollutes a lake
Authors: Mulanda Aura Christopher , Nyamweya Chrisphine S. , Njiru James M. , Omondi Reuben , Manyala Julius , Musa Safina , Owiti Horace , Guya Fredrick , Ongore Collins , Ogari Zachary , Mwamburi Job 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We present the Multi-metric Index of Biotic Integrity methodological approach that allows for the ranking of major river catchments based on pollution status in the Kenyan portion of Lake Victoria, Africa. The study has a broader applicability to all of Lake Victoria, other African Great Lakes, and all lakes that have riverine discharge. The method presented utilizes water quality and environmental data, local knowledge, and pre-existing literature. The parameters considered were sampled from 2016 to 2018 during the dry season (July sampling) and the wet season (March sampling). Separation power of Mann-Whitney U test (p &lt; 0.05) qualified 11 discriminant metrics for both macroinvertebrate and fish samples into the scoring system of 1, 3 and 5 in the formulation of final Multi-metric Index of Biotic Integrity methodological approach. Rivers in the northern section had lower Multi-metric Index of Biotic Integrity methodological approach scores, as compared to southern counterparts. The Multi-metric Index of Biotic Integrity methodological approach ranking herein was validated by community perceptions on pollution levels. River Nzoia catchment emerged as the most polluted, followed by River Yala, River Kuja, and Sondu-Miriu. Siltation, domestic washing, litter and refuse emerged as the main agents of pollution. Management authorities ought to reinforce a balanced utilization of the vital water resources to minimize future impacts, and promote catchment wide practices that ensure ecological health sustainability of the lake ecosystem.
Fish feeds and feed management practices in the Kenyan aquaculture sector: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Munguti Jonathan , Odame Hannington , Kirimi James , Obiero Kevin , Ogello Erick , Liti David 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Feeds and feed management practices are key to the development of the aquaculture sector. To achieve high levels of aquaculture production, fish farmers need nutritionally adequate and cost-effective feeds, which are coupled with good feed management practices. Access to high quality and cost-effective feeds is one of the prerequisites to successful fish farming. This paper reviews the current status of the Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices. The review includes constraints and opportunities in fish feeds from a farmer’s perspective. The review shows that the fish feed industry has been boosted by the development of fish feed standards, which has ensured access to high-quality fish feeds by all farmers. Feed management practices considerably impact on the economic performance in fish production. Thus, adopting appropriate feed management technologies and feeding strategies is instrumental in maximizing aquaculture productivity. Some of the major challenges faced by fish farmers in the feed sector including limited access to finance, lack of appropriate technical innovations, limited knowledge in feed formulation and processing and poor feed handling and storage are discussed. These challenges pose limitation in investment opportunities for a viable and sustainable fish feed processing and manufacturing to meet the rising demand occasioned by increased demand for fish food in Kenya. There is a huge potential to develop public-private partnerships with farmer groups to improve access to training and information dissemination on feeds availability and quality. Training fish farmers on feed formulation using locally available feed ingredients provide an opportunity to reduce feed costs, increase feeding efficiency and improve profitability. This paper reviews the current status of the Kenyan fish feed industry and feed management practices including constraints and opportunities from a farmer’s perspective.
Enhancing online protocols through design-based research to improve cognitive presence in a large enrolment course
Authors: Zydney Janet , DeNoyelles Aimee , Chen Baiyun , Patton Kerry 
Published: September 2021

Instructors face challenges in facilitating higher levels of shared cognition in large enrolment classes. One strategy to foster shared cognition is the use of asynchronous discussions; however, these can be difficult to support with large numbers of students. Online protocols have been found to help students take more ownership of the discussion, reducing the workload of instructors and thus may be helpful in this context. The purpose of this study was to determine the most effective design of online protocols in large enrolment classes. The study used a design-based research methodology to iteratively design, assess and refine the online protocols and the design principles of its underlying protocol pedagogy. Participants for this study were 1,286 students enrolled in a blended undergraduate class in business that used online protocols for discussions over three semesters. The paper describes how iterative changes in the design of protocol-based discussions influenced students' cognitive presence. Students’ perceptions of cognitive presence were significantly higher in the second and third iterations, and the concepts shared by group members were significantly more integrated by the third iteration. Findings suggest that with careful design, these enhanced protocols are a potentially useful strategy to facilitate asynchronous online discussions in large classes.
Implications for practice or policy:

Students need additional incentives to actively participate in large enrolment courses.
Instructors can use peer questioning to increase shared cognition in large enrolment courses.
Instructors should create concise directions with modelling of exemplary posts to help reduce confusion.
Students in large enrolment courses benefit from additional scaffolding of norms to foster a sense of trust.
Design-based research provides an effective methodology to examine both theoretical and practical implications of online protocols on cognitive presence.
A qualitative study to understand the perspectives of MOOC providers on accessibility
Authors: Iniesto Francisco , McAndrew Patrick , Minocha Shailey , Coughlan Tim 
Published: September 2021

Massive open online courses (MOOCs) are widely available and have become a common option for learners. However, their full potential cannot be realised if they are not accessible to all learners, including those with disabilities. It is, therefore, important to understand the different stakeholders and their requirements and perspectives in designing accessible MOOCs. This research investigated the perspectives of MOOC providers on MOOC learners who have accessibility needs and the processes used to manage accessibility and MOOCs in their individual organisations. In this paper, we report the results of a study using thematic analysis, which involved 26 semi-structured interviews with MOOC providers and focused on MOOC accessibility. The results show that, while MOOC providers are aware of learners with accessibility needs who are participating in MOOCs, they prioritise legislation over learners’ accessibility preferences. MOOC providers consider the technology of the platform itself creates barriers and are aware of the limitations for learners in finding help, reporting accessibility barriers and obtaining feedback, when participating in MOOCs.
Implications for policy and practice:

Course providers should acknowledge MOOC design is being guided by legal requirements. That involves uncertainty to who is the responsible to deliver accessible MOOCs.
Platform providers need to consider the lack of information about their learners makes it difficult to design educational resources that consider different target groups and provide personalisation.
Learners can find MOOCs helpful for continuing professional development and lifelong learning. MOOCs are attractive due to their low-cost and self-regulated learning.
Effect of fish scales on fabrication of polyester composite material reinforcements
Authors: Abed Balsam H. , Battawi Ali A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Renewable resources are used to create useful, biologically sustainable materials. It has the potential to minimize waste while also challenging existing research and developments. Several researchers have concentrated their efforts on natural fiber composites. Natural fibers include plant, mineral, and animal fibers. In this project fish scales, a bio-waste, were used as a reinforcing agent in polyester/polystyrene for the fabrication of composite materials in the different weight fractions of 0, 6, 7, 9, and 11%, at a constant load of 1 N and temperature of 20 and 26°C. The hand layup technique was used to create the fabrication setup for composite materials. The creep behavior, modulus of elasticity, and stress were studied experimentally.
Analysis of the rheological property and crystallization behavior of polylactic acid (Ingeo™ Biopolymer 4032D) at different process temperatures
Authors: Yoo Hyeong Min , Jeong Su-Yeon , Choi Sung-Woong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the rheological property and crystallization behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) with improved heat resistance (Ingeo™ Biopolymer 4032D) through investigation of the melt viscosity and crystallization kinetics of PLA at different process temperatures. The viscosity was measured using a rotational rheometer under conditions of shear rates of 0.01, 0.1, and 1/s. The obtained rheological data show that the viscosity tended to decrease slightly as the shear rate increases and decrease sharply as the temperature increases from 180°C to 210°C. To investigate the effect of the process temperature on the crystallization kinetics and final crystallinity of PLA, thermal analysis using isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were also performed. The Avrami equation was successfully applied for the isothermal crystallization kinetics model. From crystallization temperature of 85°C to 120°C, we found that the Ingeo™ Biopolymer 4032D PLA had the fastest crystallization rate (t
1/2: 26.0 min) and the largest crystallinity (47.4%) at 100°C.
Training Methods in the Sport of Surfing: A Scoping Review
Authors: Donaldson Terry , Scantlebury Malcolm , Furness James , Kemp-Smith Kevin , Newcomer Sean , Climstein Mike 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Surfing has grown significantly in the past decade as highlighted by its inclusion in the 2020 Olympic Games. This growth substantiates a need for training methods that improve surfing performance. The purpose of this review is to (a) identify training methods available to competitive and recreational surfers in peer-reviewed literature, (b) evaluate the effectiveness of these methods, and (c) highlight any limitations and potential areas for future research. Five electronic databases were searched, and 8 papers were identified that met the eligibility criteria. Five of these studies used a quasiexperimental design, and 1 used a case study. The remaining 2 studies used field-based outcome measures specific to paddling; however, no study demonstrated improvement in wave-riding performance. The main training methods identified were (a) resistance training, (b) unstable surface training, and (c) cardiovascular training. Maximal strength training of the upper-body and high-intensity and sprint-interval paddling demonstrated effectiveness for improving paddling performance; however, unstable surface training was ineffective. Although all interventions improved laboratory-based outcomes, there were no objective measures of wave-riding performance. The findings of this scoping review demonstrate a paucity and low level of evidence in peer-reviewed literature relating training methods to surfing performance.
AVALIAÇÃO DA CONFORMIDADE LEGAL EM RELAÇÃO AS NORMAS REGULAMENTADORAS DO MINISTÉRIO DO TRABALHO E EMPREGO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Martins Fabiano Battemarco , Nóbrega Marcelo de Jesus Rodrigues da , Raed Michele Soares Rodrigues 
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo abordas as não conformidades às Normas Regulamentadoras do Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego (MTE), principalmente as NR’s 5 e 6 nas atividades desenvolvidas pela empresa MR Engenharia nas suas próprias instalações e nos locais das contratantes. A partir da verificação das atividades executadas, coleta de dados, fotos e entrevistas com os funcionários responsáveis, realizou-se uma revisão do atendimento às NR’s pertinentes ao escopo de trabalho da empresa. Este trabalho realizou o cálculo das penalidades e multas relativas às não conformidades identificadas, visando à integridade física e a saúde das pessoas envolvidas nas atividades da empresa, bem como a preservação do seu patrimônio.
.
ESTUDO DA CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA CORRENTE DE FUGA NA CALIBRAÇÃO DE RESISTORES PADRÃO DE 10 KΩ E 100 KΩ UTILIZANDO O MÉTODO DE CALIBRAÇÃO POTENCIOMÉTRICO POR DIVISOR DE TENSÃO BINÁRIO E POR COMPARAÇÃO DE CORRENTE
Authors: Da Silva Márcio Cândido 
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo aborda o uso de duas metodologias disponíveis em equipamentos comerciais para calibrar resistores padrão de 10 kΩ e 100 kΩ. A calibração desses resistores foi realizada através de duas pontes automáticas de resistência de modelos e métodos diferentes. Uma delas utiliza o método de comparação de corrente e a outra, o método potenciométrico com divisor de tensão binário. Os resistores utilizados possuem uma significativa corrente de fuga que mostram a divergência que pode ocorrer entre os resultados de calibração obtidos em cada metodologia. Para realizar esta comparação foi utilizada metodologia específica para estimar o valor da resistência de fuga e comparar este valor com o obtido através de um teraohmímetro. Este estudo contribui para estabelecer critérios de correção e/ou inclusão de componentes de incerteza em resistores calibrados nestas duas metodologias.
CNS Hypomyelination Disrupts Axonal Conduction and Behavior in Larval Zebrafish
Authors: Madden M. E. , Suminaite D. , Ortiz E. , Early J. J. , Koudelka S. , Livesey M. R. , Bianco I. H. , Granato M. , Lyons D. A. 
Published: September 2021

Myelination is essential for central nervous system (CNS) formation, health and function. As a model organism, larval zebrafish have been extensively employed to investigate the molecular and cellular basis of CNS myelination, because of their genetic tractability and suitability for non-invasive live cell imaging. However, it has not been assessed to what extent CNS myelination affects neural circuit function in zebrafish larvae, prohibiting the integration of molecular and cellular analyses of myelination with concomitant network maturation. To test whether larval zebrafish might serve as a suitable platform with which to study the effects of CNS myelination and its dysregulation on circuit function, we generated zebrafish myelin regulatory factor (myrf) mutants with CNS-specific hypomyelination and investigated how this affected their axonal conduction properties and behavior. We found thatmyrfmutant larvae exhibited increased latency to perform startle responses following defined acoustic stimuli. Furthermore, we found that hypomyelinated animals often selected an impaired response to acoustic stimuli, exhibiting a bias toward reorientation behavior instead of the stimulus-appropriate startle response. To begin to study how myelination affected the underlying circuitry, we established electrophysiological protocols to assess various conduction properties along single axons. We found that the hypomyelinatedmyrfmutants exhibited reduced action potential conduction velocity and an impaired ability to sustain high-frequency action potential firing. This study indicates that larval zebrafish can be used to bridge molecular and cellular investigation of CNS myelination with multiscale assessment of neural circuit function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMyelination of CNS axons is essential for their health and function, and it is now clear that myelination is a dynamic life-long process subject to modulation by neuronal activity. However, it remains unclear precisely how changes to myelination affects animal behavior and underlying action potential conduction along axons in intact neural circuits. In recent years, zebrafish have been employed to study cellular and molecular mechanisms of myelination, because of their relatively simple, optically transparent, experimentally tractable vertebrate nervous system. Here we find that changes to myelination alter the behavior of young zebrafish and action potential conduction along individual axons, providing a platform to integrate molecular, cellular, and circuit level analyses of myelination using this model.
The combined effects of transverse isotropy and inhomogeneity on Love waves
Authors: Thapliyal V. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The characteristic frequency equation for Love waves propagating in a finite layer overlying an anisotropic and inhomogeneous half-space is derived. This frequency equation takes into account the arbitrary variation of density, elastic parameters, and degree of anisotropy factor in the half-space. In fact, the problem of deriving the frequency equation has been reduced to finding the solution of the equation of motion subject to the appropriate boundary conditions. To illustrate the method, the author has derived the frequency equation for a generalized power law variation of density and elastic parameters with the depth, in the halfspace.
As a step toward the systematic investigation of the effects of anisotropy and inhomogeneity, the relationship between the wave number and phase and group velocities has been worked out for increasing, uniform and decreasing anisotropy factor. The pronounced effects of anisotropy have been noticed in the long-period range compared to the short-period one. The numerical analysis shows that for a given phase velocity (or group velocity), the period of propagation depends on the sign and magnitude of power of variation of the density and anisotropy factor in the half-space. For the increased positive rate of variation of the anisotropy factor, the values of phase and group velocities have been found higher whereas the reverse is found true for an increasing negative rate of variation of the anisotropy factor.
Seismic magnitudes of underground nuclear explosions
Authors: Basham P. W. , Horner R. B. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Using an Ms computational procedure that minimizes path-propagation effects, and with Ms values found to be empirically independent of test site and detonation medium among consolidated rock explosions, available yield information is employed to illustrate that the seismic scaling of explosions in realistic detonation environments produces teleseismic Rayleigh-wave displacements proportional to the 1.2-power of yield over the range from low yields to greater than three megatons. Ms values independent of network, path, and site can be employed to estimate unknown yields at uncalibrated test sites to within average errors judged to be about 20 per cent.
P-wave magnitudes, in the form of a calibrated teleseismic measure of short-period P-wave displacements, show a theoretically supported dependence of displacement on the 1.1-power of yield over the range from 6 kt to 1 mt. Studied explosions separate into two categories: the Nevada Test Site granite explosions, LONG SHOT, the Sahara February 1965 explosion and (by empirical inference) Novaya Zemlya and Eastern Kazakh explosions exhibit P-wave displacements about a factor of 3 greater than explosions of the same yield in tuff, rhyolite, and shale. P-wave magnitudes of explosions are subject to such a diversity of source, propagation, and measurement phenomena that any estimation of unknown yields without a closely controlled site and network calibration can be subject to large errors.