bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Galician coda restrictions and plural clusters
Authors: Colina Sonia , Simonet Miquel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present study investigates the phonology and phonetics of Galician post-vocalic velar nasals. Galician has very strict coda restrictions – it does not allow for complex codas. One exception to this restriction is found in the plurals of words ending in a nasal consonant, which add /s/ to the “right” of a noun or adjective: man ‘hand’, mans ‘hands’; pan ‘bread’, pans ‘breads’. The present study puts forward a proposal, initially based on synchronic, formal phonological grounds, according to which post-vocalic, pre-/s/ nasals in plural forms are not nasal stops, but nasal glides. Their nature as nasal glides allows for their syllabification in the nucleus rather than in the coda, thus preserving (i.e., not violating) the restriction on complex codas. This proposal is then tested with a production experiment based on quantitative acoustic data. The acoustic study reveals indeed a difference in the degree of weakening of post-vocalic nasals, with pre-/s/ nasals in the plural forms showing a significantly higher degree of weakening than pre-/s/ nasals in the singular forms. The article concludes with an Optimality-Theoretic analysis of the phonological facts.
Numeral classifiers in East Asia
Authors: Bisang Walter , Wu Yicheng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe understanding of the functional range of numeral classifiers requires a combined effort from different theoretical approaches and the integration of findings from syntax, semantics and pragmatics. This article demonstrates how such an integrative perspective creates new insights into classifiers in Sinitic languages in the fields of counting and word order, the expression of definiteness and indefiniteness and the syntax of verbal classification.
Accusative case in passives
Authors: Goodall Grant 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The standard explanation for Ν Ρ movement in the passive construction has been that the N P must move into the nominative position because no accusative case is available. This paper examines the implications for this view of some double-object constructions in Mandarin Chinese and English that are ungrammatical as active clauses but improve significantly as passives. These facts are unexpected under the standard view of passives, but I suggest that they can be explained if we assume that the second object is not licensed for case in the active versions but is able to check accusative case in the passive version, thus arguing that accusative case is available in passive clauses.
Herrschaftsbegründung durch Handlung
Authors: Mauder Christian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
At the turn from the 15th to the 16th century, the Mamluk Sultanate experienced a period of succession conflicts when a number of Sultans came to power in rapid sequence. With the ascension of Qānṣawh al-Ghawrī to the throne in 1501, the history of the Sultanate entered into a final phase of relative tranquility. Nevertheless, the previous crisis had proven that the person of the ruler was a highly contingent element in the late Mamluk political landscape. This article will examine how the panegyrist ʿAbd al-Bāsiṭ al-Malaṭī justified Qānṣawh al-Ghawrī’s reign in the light of the previous succession crisis in his unedited work ‚al-Majmūʿ al-bustān al-nawrī li-ḥaḍrat mawlānā al-Sulṭān al-Ghawrī‘. After preliminary theoretical remarks and a contextualization of the author and his work it will be shown that in the text under study, al-Malaṭī mainly described Sultan al-Ghawrī’s deeds and achievements. Accordingly, al-Malaṭī addressed the man-made experience of contingency during the succession crisis by focusing on the intra-mundane actions of the ruler he praised. He thus stepped out of the common tradition of Arabic panegyric works in the later Islamic middle period which usually emphasized the ruler’s immutable moral qualities and virtues and paid much less attention to his individual actions. Moreover, al-Malaṭī’s work is notably devoid of any attempts to legitimize al-Ghawrī’s rule on religious grounds.
Interior and closure operators on commutative basic algebras
Authors: Rachůnek Jiří , Svoboda Zdeněk 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Commutative basic algebras are non-associative generalizations of MV-algebras and form an algebraic semantics of a non-associative generalization of the propositional infinite-valued Łukasiewicz logic. In the paper we investigate additive closure and multiplicative interior operators on commutative basic algebras as a generalization of topological operators.
Fejér-type inequalities (II)
Authors: Tseng Kuei-Lin , Hwang Shiow-Ru , Dragomir Sever S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we establish some Fejér-type inequalities for convex functions. They complement the results from the previous recent paper [Dragomir, S. S.—Milošević, D. S.——Sándor, J.: On some refinements of Hadamard’s inequalities and applications, Univ. Belgrad. Publ. Elek. Fak. Sci. Math. 4 (1993), 3–10].
A note on derived connections from semi-symmetric metric connections
Authors: Mihai Adela 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper we construct examples of different types of connections starting from a semi-symmetric metric connection g, for example a connection which is a symmetric metric connection with respect to a conformally related metric, but symmetric non-metric with respect to the initial metric. We formulate an open problem: to find a parallel complex structure on a Kaehler manifold with respect to such a new connection.
Congruence pairs of principal p-algebras
Authors: Badawy Abd El-Mohsen , Shum Kar Ping 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we first introduce the concept of congruence pairs on the class of principal p-algebras. Then, we show that every congruence relation θ on a principal p-algebra L can be uniquely determined by a congruence pair (θ
1, θ
2). Moreover, the strong extensions of principal p-algebras and the permutability of congruences will be investigated by congruence pairs.
Individual Variation in L2 Study-Abroad Outcomes: A Case Study from Indonesian Pragmatics
Authors: Hassall Timothy 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis is a study of two Australian learners of Indonesian during a short stay abroad. It examines their contrasting success in acquiring L2 address terms, in tandem with their contrasting experiences of the L2 culture setting. It thereby helps explain the persistent finding of great individual variation in L2 gains – and in particular pragmatic gains – during study abroad. The study shows that the contrasting success of these two learners is linked to their L2 identity development. At the same time, it dispels a simplistic view of the relationship between identity development and pragmatic development, by showing that their language outcomes emerge through a highly contingent process. The study also helps us understand how certain specific factors can influence learning of L2 pragmatics during study abroad, such as low initial proficiency, prior foreign language learning experience, timing of formal instruction, and the presence of peer L2 learners during naturalistic interactions.
“Sorry Can You Speak It in English with Me?” Managing Routines in Lingua Franca Doctor–Patient Consultations in a Diabetes Clinic
Authors: Martin Gillian S. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractResearch on the routines of doctor–patient consultations has been conducted in language and culture concordant dyads and in dyads where either doctor or patient uses a foreign language; yet there is an absence of scholarly engagement with consultations where both participants are using a foreign language. In seeking to address this gap, this article reports on four doctor–patient consultations involving the use of English as a lingua franca. The data form part of a larger empirical study of communication in an Irish diabetes clinic. Microanalysis, informed by Interactional Sociolinguistics, Pragmatics and Conversation Analysis, reveals a range of interactive challenges rooted in language and cultural assumptions which impact on the management of the consultation routines. The findings emphasize the strength of the doctors’ professional socialization and the challenges this poses for non-native-speaker patients.
Re-codified Standards from the Perspective of Language Experts: Credentials, Practice and Attitudes amongst Translators and Interpreters of the Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian Languages
Authors: Hlavac Jim 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article examines aspects of linguistic behaviour, attitudes and professional practices amongst a group of 47 “expert users” who are translators or interpreters for one, two or three of the following languages: Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian. The official terms for these languages in the respective successor states of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and elsewhere reflect not only historic but also popular designations. Incumbent on translators and interpreters are the professional regulatory norms that require practitioners to follow these designations. An overview of the re-codification of the three languages is provided, followed by a discussion of models that account for how speakers and text-producers negotiate verbal and written interactions with speakers or text of different language varieties. Data are elicited on the following: informants’ reported behaviour in professional and non-professional situations; unanticipated differences in the language for which an assignment was accepted and its actual form; attitudes on assignments with unofficial or unclear language designations; others’ assumptions of informants’ native speaker competency and ethnicity; and attitudes towards the distinctness of the three languages. Accommodation to clients’ language varieties is reported by half of all informants, and those with multiple accreditations report converging to others’ language varieties more so than those with accreditation in one language only. Metalinguistic talk, with or without accommodation, is also a common practice in the initial stages of interpreted interactions or the negotiation of translation assignments. The reported behaviour and practices of translators and interpreters are likely to be indicative of “lay speakers’” and marketplace requirements, and therefore reflective of actual language use amongst users of these three languages when interacting with one another.
Heads and layers in agglutination: A case in deadjectival psych verbs with-garuin Japanese
Authors: Nakajima Takashi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUsing deadjectival psych verbs with-garuin Japanese, this study shows that agglutinative complex predicate formation is done by recursive application of Merge to roots and functional heads. This process creates a layered syntactic structure, with each layer providing the computational system with (i) specific semantic features, (ii) arguments, and (iii) phonetic form (PF) exponents at conceptual–intentional (CI)/sensory motor (SM) Interfaces. The whole amalgam of the root and the functional heads is interpreted as a “word” at PF. Following the general architecture of Distributed Morphology, I will show that the morpheme that derives deadjectival verbs-garuis underlyingly-k-ar-u(k-Copula-T), wherekis “little” v that originates in the verbal rootk-o“come” andar-is a copula. They are now grammaticalized functional heads that extend adjectival roots. Crucially, thiskis homophonous with “little” a, which makes-garuand the adjective-deriving morpheme-karu(k-Copula-T) parallel.kis voiced in-garudue to a structurally conditioned assimilation rule (Embick 2013). This analysis reveals the mechanisms of agglutinative predicate formation in a precise and detailed manner. Similarly, it gives natural solutions to some of the long-standing problems including how adjectives modify N such asutukusii dansaa“beautiful dancer,” which is ambiguous between attributive modification and a relative clause.
Physicochemical stability of compounded midazolam capsules over a one-year storage period
Authors: Boivin Pierre-Nicolas , Legendre Pauline , Bonnaure Anne-Claire , Lester Marie-Antoinette 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
In patients suffering from chronic liver disease, the hepatic metabolism of drugs is perturbed and the metabolic capacity is difficult to assess. Midazolam could be used as a phenotypical probe to predict the metabolic capacity of CYP3A to adjust dosages of drug substrates of this cytochrome. In this context, a prospective clinical trial is going to be conducted in our institution and a hospital preparation of midazolam capsules suitable for the clinical trial was developed. The objective of the present work was to assess the physicochemical stability of the formulation over 12 months to set shelf life.

Methods
Three batches of 1 mg capsules were prepared using midazolam hydrochloride and microcrystalline cellulose as a diluent. The capsules were stored at ambient temperature and protected from light. To measure the evolution of the capsules content, a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 254 nm. Data were confirmed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytical method.

Results
After one year, midazolam hydrochloride content remained higher than 95% of the initial concentration in capsules.

Conclusions
The results show that 1 mg midazolam capsules are stable for 12 months at room temperature and under dark conditions.
Characterization of groundwater composition in Punjab state with special emphasis on uranium content, speciation and mobility
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Tripathi R. M. , Rout Sabyasachi , Mishra Manish K. , Ravi P. M. , Ghosh A. K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Groundwaters (borewell and handpump) were sampled from two districts (Bathinda and Mansa) of Punjab state and analyzed for
their major ionic concentrations and uranium isotope compositions in order to assess the possible origins of the waters and
water–rock interactions that occurred in the deep aquifer system. The major ionic concentrations of waters were plotted on
a Piper diagram and grouped into four dominant hydrochemical facies as (Na+K)-SO4+Cl type (69% – 73%),
(Ca+Mg)-SO4+Cl type (6% – 21%), (Ca+Mg)–HCO3 type (4% – 6%) and (Na+K)-HCO3 type
(2% – 19%). It was observed that mobility of uranium in groundwater was very much influenced by TDS (total
dissolved solids). To investigate the various mechanisms for deriving the elevated uranium concentrations in groundwater,
234U/238U activity ratios (ARs) were calculated using the determined activity levels of
234U and 238U. The mean ARs was found to be near unity (i.e. secular equilibrium) in the study
regions confirmed that uranium in groundwaters was mainly resulted from its host/parent rocks through weathering processes. The
concentration of HCO3
− in ground water showed one order of magnitude higher than the total dissolved SiO2
indicates that carbonate weathering was the dominant process due to major water–rock interaction. The uranium speciation in
groundwaters was investigated by an equilibrium model calculation using MEDUSA (make equilibrium diagrams using sophisticated
algorithms) under the influence of redox conditions and complexant concentration. At the observed range of pH values, the
predominant redox speciation of uranium was observed as hydroxo-carbonato complexes of (UO2)2(CO3)(OH)3
−
and hydroxyl complexes of UO2(OH)3
− which might be caused for increasing the solubility of uranium. Due to very
low concentration of phosphate in groundwater, its effects on U(VI)-aqueous speciation was negligible.
Plutonium complexes in water: new approach to ab initio modeling
Authors: Ryzhkov Mikhail V. , Enyashin Andrei N. , Delley Bernard 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Geometry optimization and the electronic structure calculations of Pu
Z+ complexes (Z = 3–6) in water solution have been performed, within the framework of the DMol3 and Relativistic Discrete-Variational (RDV) methods. For the simulation of Pu
Z+ molecular environment in aqueous solution we used 22 and 32 water molecules randomly distributed around cation. To model the effect of bulk solvent environment we used COSMO (Conductor-like Screening Model) potential for water (ε = 78.54). The obtained results showed that this approach allows the modeling of water dissociation and the formation of hydrolysis products. Our previously suggested scheme for the calculation of interaction energies between selected fragments of multi-molecular systems provides the quantitative estimation of the interaction strengths between plutonium in various oxidation states and each ligand in the first and second coordination shells in water solution.
Financing Resources for Reconstruction in Severely Conflict-affected Countries
Authors: Al-Asadi Mohammad 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCountries emerging from armed conflict face tremendous challenges in restoring peace and development. One of the most serious challenges in this regard is mobilizing adequate resources for financing the reconstruction process. In many post-conflict countries, the resort to external financing resources becomes inevitable. This paper aims to understand how conflict intensity shapes the financing modalities in the post-conflict phase. The study uses statistical inference to compare the differences in key financing resources between two groups of post-conflict developing countries with different conflict intensity. The results show that countries severely affected by the conflict rely more heavily on external financing resources compared to countries moderately affected by the conflict. In particular, foreign aid, foreign investments, and external debt were significantly higher in the severely affected countries relative to moderately affected ones. The differences in most external financing resources between the two groups become more obvious when accounting for major income categories differences. The results were robust for different levels of conflict severity.
Sensitization in office workers with chronic neck pain in different pain conditions and intensities
Authors: Nunes Alexandre , Petersen Kristian , Espanha Margarida , Arendt-Nielsen Lars 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Office workers with chronic neck pain demonstrates signs of widespread hyperalgesia, less efficient descending pain modulation, which could indicate sensitization of central pain pathways. No studies have assessed a wide variety of office workers with different chronic neck pain disorders and assessed the impact of pain intensity on assessments of central pain pathways. This study aimed to assessed pressure pain thresholds (PPTs), temporal summation of pain (TSP) and conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and to associate these with pain intensity and disability in subgroups of office workers.

Methods
One hundred-and-seventy-one office workers were distributed into groups of asymptomatic and chronic neck pain subjects. Chronic neck pain was categorized as chronic trapezius myalgia and chronic non-specific neck pain and as ‘mild-pain’ (Visual Analog Scale [VAS]≤3) and ‘moderate-pain’ (VAS>3) groups. PPTs, TSP, CPM, and Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II were assessed in all subjects. Neck Disability Index and Pain Catastrophizing Scale were assessed in all the symptomatic office workers.

Results
PPTs were lower in moderate pain (n=49) and chronic trapezius myalgia (n=56) compared with asymptomatic subjects (n=62, p<0.05). TSP was facilitated in moderate pain group compared with mild pain (n=60, p<0.0001) group and asymptomatic subjects (p<0.0001). No differences were found in CPM comparing the different groups (p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis identified Neck Disability Index and TSP as independent factors for prediction of pain intensity in chronic trapezius myalgia (R2=0.319) and chronic non-specific neck pain (R2=0.208). Somatic stress, stress and sleep as independent factors in chronic non-specific neck pain (R2=0.525), and stress in moderate pain group (R2=0.494) for the prediction of disability.

Conclusions
Office workers with chronic trapezius myalgia and moderate pain intensity showed significant signs of widespread pressure hyperalgesia. Moreover, the moderate pain group demonstrated facilitated TSP indicating sensitization of central pain pathways. Neck Disability Index and TSP were independent predictors for pain intensity in pain groups. Sleep and stress were independent predictors for disability.
The distribution of short and long pronouns in Maltese
Authors: Saade Benjamin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the distribution of long and short independent pronouns in Maltese. By applying proposed positional and functional diagnostics to explain the variation between short and long pronouns (copular use, modification, coordination, peripheral positions) combined with a corpus study of pronominal form, person, and text type, this study sheds light on the factors that influence pronominal form and the status of reduced person forms in Maltese. While the copular use of pronouns does have a weak effect on pronominal form (long forms preferred), a stronger effect is observed with regard to grammatical person (1sgprefers short forms, 2sg& 3sgprefer long forms) and text type.
Fragrant, smelly, and shiny. On pseudo-adjectival verbs in Maltese NPs
Authors: Stolz Thomas , Levkovych Nataliya , Ahrens Carolin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMaltese gives evidence of a certain degree of permeability of word-class categories in the sense that finite (intransitive) verbs in the 3rd person imperfective of both genders and numbers may function as NP-internal attributes and thus behave like adjectives, albeit only to a limited extent. The focus is on a small selection of those verbs which are typical representatives of the attributive functions of imperfectives. It is shown that in attribution members of this class of verbs undergo decategorialization, i.e. they lose typical properties of their original word class. In this context, the relation of pseudo-adjectival verbs, relative clauses, and bona fide adjectives is discussed in some detail. It is argued that pseudo-adjectival verbs are similar to active participles, which they replace in the case of the majority of the Maltese verbs which lack the ability of deriving active participles morphologically.
Zum Wandel von Sportvereinen und seinen Ursachen – Befunde einer Mehrebenen-Untersuchung / Causes of Change in Sports Clubs – Findings from a Multi-Level Study
Authors: Flatau Jens , Pitsch Werner , Emrich Eike 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Zum organisationalen Wandel existieren verschiedene theoretische Ansätze, welche sich u.a. durch ihren Umweltbezug unterscheiden. Der populationsökologische Ansatz erweitert diese intraorganisationale Perspektive um die Analyseebene des Kollektivs gleichartiger Organisationen. Auf dieser theoretischen Grundlage wird systematisch zwischen den drei Analyseebenen des einzelnen Sportvereins, dem Kollektiv bestehender Sportvereine sowie der Sportvereinspopulation unterschieden und werden Paneldaten aus zwei Befragungen pfälzischer Sportvereine hypothesengeleitet analysiert. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen zum einen die populationsökologischen Annahmen stabiler Kernmerkmale bei hochgradig wandlungs-, d.h. anpassungsfähigen peripheren Merkmalen in bestehenden Sportvereinen. Zum anderen deuten sie darauf hin, dass sich organisationaler Wandel primär durch den Austausch von Vereinen, also auf der Populationsebene, vollzieht.