bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From transcriptomics to metabolomics: Extracellular ATP induces TGF-β-like and TGF-β-independent epithelial mesenchymal transition in lung cancer cells
Authors: Evers Maria , Song Jingwen , Shriwas Pratik , Greenbaum Harrison S , Chen Xiaozhuo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an early process in metastasis. Extracellular ATP (eATP) was shown to play important roles in EMT. However, the mechanisms by which eATP induces EMT and ATP’s relationship to TGF-b, a well-known EMT inducer, are unclear. Key questions include: if and how much EMT-specific gene expression eATP induces and how similar is ATP-induced EMT to TGF-b-induced EMT? We hypothesized that eATP acts as a specific inducer and regulator of EMT at all levels alternative to TGF-b in cancer cells. Methods: As EMT involves changes from gene expression to metabolites, RNAseq and metabolomics analyses were performed on human NSCLC A549 cells treated with either eATP or TGF-b to determine how they induce EMT at transcription and metabolic levels. Bio-functional assays, such as Transwell invasion, intracellular ATP, resazurin cell viability, fluorescence microscopy of filopodia formation, and antibody neutralization / cell rescue, were conducted in more NSCLC cell lines to validate changes identified from RNAseq and metabolomics analyses by confirming the corresponding EMT phenotypic changes.Results: RNAseq analysis shows that eATP significantly enriched expressions of genes involved in EMT temporarily, and similarly but non-identically to TGF-b after 2 and 6 hours of treatment. Eleven genes, with known or unknown functions in EMT, are significantly upregulated by both inducers at both time points, have been identified. Metabolomics analysis revealed eATP induced numerous EMT-related changes in metabolic pathways, including cytoskeleton rearrangement, glycolysis, glutaminolysis, ROS, and individual metabolic changes similar or identical to those induced by TGF-b. eATP-induced transcriptomic changes appeared smaller but earlier than TGF-b. Functional bioassays verified the RNAseq and metabolomics findings that eATP induced earlier and more invasion and formation of filopodia in A549 and H1299 cells, and restored viability of cancer cells treated with TGF-b-neutralizing antibodies. Conclusions: eATP-induced EMT, from gene expression changes and metabolic reprogramming, is similar but non-identical to that induced by TGF-b, and is independent of TGF-b. The smaller but earlier EMT-related changes induced by eATP, compared with TGF-b, could be largely explained by extracellular action of eATP and intracellular activities of macropinocytosis-internalized eATP. These strongly indicate that eATP is an emerging master inducer and regulator of EMT.
Midterm Functional Recovery of Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients Compared Between the ATTUNE Knee System and the Press Fit Condylar (PFC) SIGMA Knee System
Authors: Vanitcharoenkul Ekasame , Unnanuntana Aasis 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The ATTUNE Knee System is a new prosthetic design that has theoretical advantages over the Press Fit Condylar (PFC) Sigma Knee System specific to improved knee kinematics and patellofemoral joint tracking. This study aimed to evaluate functional outcomes compared between the ATTUNE and PFC Sigma designs at a minimum follow-up of 5 years.
Methods
​​We retrospectively reviewed data from total knee arthroplasty patients who received either the ATTUNE or PFC Sigma system during November 2013 to February 2015 at Siriraj Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand). Functional outcomes were evaluated using timed up and go test, 2-minute walk test, modified knee score, numerical rating scale-pain, range of motion (ROM), and rate of anterior knee pain and crepitation at preoperation, 3-months, 1-year, and 5-years, postoperatively.
Results
Of 113 patients, 59 and 54 received the PFC Sigma and ATTUNE systems, respectively. At a minimum of 5-years follow-up, all functional outcomes improved significantly. Although the mean ROM at 5-years postoperatively was significantly higher in ATTUNE than in PFC Sigma, the difference was small (116° vs. 110°, respectively; p = 0.041). There were no significant differences in any of the other outcome measurements, including anterior knee pain, clunking, and crepitation, between groups at any study time point.
Conclusions
​Our results revealed no major differences in functional outcomes between the PFC Sigma and ATTUNE TKA designs at an intermediate-term follow-up of at least 5 years. Longer-term follow-up study is needed to evaluate the benefits of the ATTUNE design relative to polyethylene wear and the rate of aseptic loosening.
Intraspecific trait variation and species functional turnover in successional tropical forests: assessing gap-filling for community weighted means
Authors: Hogan J. Aaron , Xu Han , Baraloto Christopher 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Accounting for intraspecific trait variation (ITV) is central to plant ecology and crucial for vegetation modeling efforts. ITV can be substantial; however, it remains unclear how ITV influences community-weighted mean (CWM) trait estimates. We use leaf and root trait data from 423 trees of 72 species from 15 Angiosperm families in combination with community data from 164 small plots comprising 582 species to evaluate the contribution of ITV to CWMs, comparing unlogged, primary forest to selectively-logged and clear-cut secondary forest. We examine the effect of gap-filling missing trait values via phylogenetic generalized linear modeling (PhyloPars) on CWMs. For six of seven traits, ITV negatively covaried with species turnover to generate larger CWM differences than observed if ITV was not integrated. For example, plot average CWM specific leaf area was 10.7 and 10.4 m2 kg− 1 for primary and secondary forest, not accounting for ITV, but shifted to 9.8 and 11.1 m2 kg− 1 after doing so. Specific root length showed a similar trend. Our results from 72-species assemblages were supported by the results from the gap-filled analysis using the entire community, where the contribution of ITV to CWMs ranged from 25 to 75%, with nearly all trait variation due to forest type attributable to ITV. Therefore, CWM trait estimates became more-conservative with forest age, whereas ITV for many traits showed an acquisitive shift, and because of negative covariation between ITV and species turnover, forest age-related CWM differences increased. Differences were unaffected, if not strengthened, by gap-filling incomplete functional trait matrices.
A collaborated framework to improve hydrologic ecosystem services management with sparse data in a semi-arid basin
Authors: Wu Yifan , Xu Yang , Yin Guodong , Zhang Xuan , Li Chong , Wu Liyu , Wang Xiao , Hu Qiuhong , Hao Fanghua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Applying various models to assess hydrologic ecosystem services (HESs) management has the potential to encourage efficient water resources allocation. However, can a single model designed on these principles be practical to carry out hydrologic ecosystem services management for all purposes? We address this question by fully discussing the advantages of the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model, the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT), and the integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs (InVEST) model. The analysis is carried both qualitatively and quantitatively at the Yixunhe River basin, China, with a semi-arid climate. After integrating the advantages of each model, a collaborated framework and model selection method have been proposed and validated for optimizing the HESs management at the data sparse scenario. Our study also reveals that the VIC and SWAT model presents the better runoff reproducing ability of the hydrological cycle. Though the InVEST model has less accuracy in runoff simulation, the interannual change rate is similar to the other two models. Furthermore, the InVEST model (1.08 billion m3) has larger simulation result than the SWAT model (0.86 billion m3) for the water yield, while both models have close results for assessment of sediment losses.
Robert Wartenberg Syndrome and Sign: A Review Article
Authors: Kuschner Stuart H. , Berihun Haben 
Published: April 2021

Background:Robert Wartenberg, a European-American neurologist, was born in 1887 and died in 1956. His description of radial sensory nerve compression at the forearm is memorialized as Wartenberg’s syndrome. He recognized that involuntary abduction of the little finger could be caused by ulnar nerve palsy - a finding often called Wartenberg’s sign Syndrome and signs are reviewed, and a brief biography is presented.Objective:To review Wartenberg’s sign and Wartenberg’s syndrome.Discussion:Compression of the superficial branch of the radial nerve, often called Wartenberg’s syndrome, is characterized by pain, paresthesia, and dysesthesia along the dorsoradial distal forearm. Non-operative treatment can include activity restriction and anti-inflammatory medication. If symptoms persist, surgical decompression of the radial nerve is an option. The abducted posture of the little finger - Wartenberg’s sign - can result from a low ulnar nerve palsy. Tendon transfer can be performed to correct this deformity.Conclusion:Compression of the superficial branch of the radial nerve and abducted posture of the little finger were described by Robert Wartenberg and carry his name as eponymous syndrome and sign, respectively.
Penguatan Pendidikan Karakter Berbasis Nilai-Nilai Kearifan Lokal di Sekolah
Authors: Iswatiningsih Daroe 
Published: April 2021

Pendidikan karakter sampai saat ini masih perlu ditanamkan pada siswa dalam pembelajaran. Pendidikan karakter diharapkan mampu menguatkan lima nilai utama karakter, yakni nilai religius, nasionalis, mandiri, gotong royong, dan integritas. Dalam penguatan pendidikan karakter di sekolah dapat dilakukan melalui pendidikan budaya berkearifan lokal. Budaya kearifan lokal perlu dikenalkan dan diajarkan di sekolah agar menumbuhkan sikap cinta budaya. Para siswa saat ini kurang memiliki sikap peduli dan mencintai budaya. Untuk itu, paparan berikut menjelaskan bagaimana mengimplementasikan pendidika karakter berbasis kearifan lokal.
L'Autorizzazione Unica Ambientale (AUA)
Authors: Alessio Maria Rosaria , Citro Annalaura , Novi Maria Giovanna 
Published: April 2021

Si presenta una delle autorizzazioni necessarie in termini di rispetto
ambientale, l’Autorizzazione Unica Ambientale (AUA), ovvero una
procedura che semplifica la richiesta dei titoli autorizzativi ai fini
di esercitare la propria attività. Questa procedura è stata prevista
come risposta alla richiesta delle imprese di facilitare i procedimenti
attinenti ad una molteplicità di autorizzazioni e comunicazioni in
materia ambientale, per il tramite del Suap, mantenendo un elevato
livello di tutela ambientale.
Oggi è fondamentale parlare di ambiente ed in particolare di rispetto
per esso. Dal punto di vista normativo, in Europa, si sta cercando di
“essere sensibili” alla salute del pianeta. Per poter raggiungere
l’obiettivo prefissato, tale sensibilizzazione deve avvenire in ogni
campo. Una delle categorie più “colpite” è, infatti, quella edilizia.
L’AUA, perciò, risulta essere necessaria ai fini del perseguimento
dell’obiettivo definito in precedenza.
An Investigation of the Readability of Sustainability Reports
Authors: Uddin Nancy , Chakraborty Vasundhara 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Requirement of G4 standards as common practice in sustainability reporting makes it important to understand the readability of such reports. This study contributes to the extant body of literature by assessing the readability of sustainability reports. We investigate several factors such as company size, company age, complexity, domestic versus international, and audited versus unaudited reports and how they contribute to the readability of sustainability reports. We apply text analytics to U.S. and Global firm issued sustainability reports. We also provide evidence about factors that may contribute to the readability of sustainability reports. We find that reports of companies in regulated industries are less readable than other firms' reports. We also find that less complex firms have more readable sustainability reports. This study should provide some insights to users of sustainability reports, standard setters for reporting standards, and for future researchers.
Expected Stock Returns Worldwide: A Log-Linear Present-Value Approach
Authors: Chattopadhyay Akash , Lyle Matthew R. , Wang Charles C. Y. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study provides the first large-scale study of the performance of expected-return proxies (ERPs) internationally. Analyst-forecast-based ICCs are sparsely populated and not robustly associated with future returns. Earnings-model-forecast-based ICCs are well-populated, but are unreliable outside the U.S. We adapt and extend the log-linear and present-value (LPV) framework—combining an accounting valuation anchor, its expected growth, and market prices—for estimating ERPs internationally, and implement a correction for the use of stale accounting data. An LPV ERP anchored on the book value of equity is positively associated with future returns in 26 of 29 equity markets, and largely subsumes the predictive ability of a broad set of firm characteristics previously shown to be associated with expected returns.
JEL Classifications: D83; G12; G14; M41.
Foreign Employment, Income Shifting, and Tax Uncertainty
Authors: Drake Katharine D. , Goldman Nathan C. , Murphy Francis 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We examine the effect of foreign employment on two outcomes—income shifting and the tax uncertainty of foreign transactions. Using a hand-collected sample of employment disclosures, we partition our sample into firm-years with a higher or lower degree of foreign employment. Using two distinct income shifting models, we document that, on average, a high degree of foreign employment is associated with greater tax-motivated income shifting out of the U.S. We also posit and find that a high degree of foreign employment enhances the economic substance of foreign transactions, reducing the tax uncertainty associated with foreign income. We conduct additional analyses to mitigate selection bias concerns, and we use exogenous changes to the costs and benefits of income shifting using foreign employment to strengthen identification. Our results highlight firms' use of employees as part of a tax-efficient supply chain and how foreign employment enhances income shifting opportunities between jurisdictions.
The Role of Peer Events in Corporate Governance: Evidence from Data Breaches
Authors: Ashraf Musaib 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Economic theory suggests that negative peer events can result in market-wide spillovers that help unaffected firms take real actions to enhance corporate governance. Motivated by the SEC's concern about cybersecurity, I study the role of peer events in corporate governance using the setting of data breaches. While controlling for firm-specific time-varying unobservable characteristics, I find that peer data breaches are associated with a reduction in future internal control material weaknesses for non-breached firms. The association is robust to a changes analysis and varies cross-sectionally with breach, firm, and board characteristics. Inferences remain consistent when studying IT-related material weaknesses only. Finally, non-breached firms are more likely to have a cybersecurity expert on the top management team after a peer breach. My findings have important implications for mandatory disclosure regulation in general and, in particular, suggest that regulators can help reduce market-wide exposure to cyber risk by facilitating disclosure of cyber incidents.
Data Availability: All data used in the study are publicly available.
JEL Classifications: G34; M15.
Mapping the Spatial Variability of Sexually Transmitted Infections Across Fiji Health Regions
Authors: Shah Tayyab , Sidloski Michaela , Toroca Elisa 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a significant public health problem in countries within the South Pacific, including Fiji. If untreated, curable STIs such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis can cause infertility, adverse outcomes in pregnancy, and can increase the risk of contracting HIV in infected individuals.
Methods: This research used cartographic software to map and analyze the spatial distribution of selected STIs across health regions in Fiji. Total rates of STIs, as well as the prevalence of gonorrhea and syphilis specifically, were examined for the years of 2007 and 2016 to determine how spatial distribution patterns have changed over this period, and how resources might currently be most effectively mobilized to address this public health issue.
Results/Discussion: Our findings suggest that while some specific regions with high prevalence rates for 2007 and 2016 should be targeted for intervention in the short term, lack of data collecting and reporting raises concerns about the accuracy of rate estimations in non-urban areas.
Conclusion: Analyzing the spatial distribution of the prevalence of STIs in a given population can better inform the development and implementation of intervention strategies at local scales, thus improving health outcomes for countries and their communities. Overall, consistent and transparent STI data collection and reporting procedures are necessary for effective long-term management and minimization of STI spread in Fiji.
Quality-by-design in pharmaceutical development: From current perspectives to practical applications
Authors: Kovács Béla , Péterfi Orsolya , Kovács-Deák Boglárka , Székely-Szentmiklósi István , Fülöp Ibolya , Bába László-István , Boda Francisc 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Current pharmaceutical research directions tend to follow a systematic approach in the field of applied research and development. The concept of quality-by-design (QbD) has been the focus of the current progress of pharmaceutical sciences. It is based on, but not limited, to risk assessment, design of experiments and other computational methods and process analytical technology. These tools offer a well-organized methodology, both to identify and analyse the hazards that should be handled as critical, and are therefore applicable in the control strategy. Once implemented, the QbD approach will augment the comprehension of experts concerning the developed analytical technique or manufacturing process. The main activities are oriented towards the identification of the quality target product profiles, along with the critical quality attributes, the risk management of these and their analysis through in silico aided methods. This review aims to offer an overview of the current standpoints and general applications of QbD methods in pharmaceutical development.
Mathematical Analysis of the Influence of the Flux-Cored Wire Chemical Composition on the Electrical Parameters and Quality in the Underwater Wet Cutting
Authors: Parshin S. , Levchenko A. , Wang P. , Maystro A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper presents research in the field of underwater wet cutting with the use of flux-cored wires in order to improve the quality and performance. The research has resulted into the development of gas and slag systems for flux-cored wires and determination of, optimal parameters for cutting stability and quality. The underwater wet cutting mechanism is a cyclical process with the formation of periodic keyholes in metal, and it consists of operating and idle cycles. Efficiency of the cutting process can be determined by analyzing cycle times, welding current, voltage, power and a number of short circuits. To assess the stability and efficiency of the underwater wet cutting process, the authors have developed the method for analyzing oscillograms to calculate the probability density of current, voltage and power. To determine the quality of cutting, the authors have provided a criterion based on the ratio of the voltage probability density in the idle and operating cycles.
Dietary supplementation of Vitamin E and selenium on performance and oxidative stability of meat of broiler chickens in a hot climate
Authors: Ekunseitan Deji Abiodun , Yusuf Azeez Olanrewaju , Ekunseitan Oluwakemi Florence , Alao Samuel Oluwaseunla , Allinson Adesewa Zainab 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the increase in consumers’ concern for safe food, it is highly imperative for livestock farmers to adopt feeding practices that enhance good health and high-quality products. A 49-day trial was conducted to ascertain effect of vitamin E and selenium (VE + Se) on performance, haematological indices and oxidative stability of chicken meat. A total of 150 Ross 7-day-old chicks were weighed and allotted to five treatments comprising dietary levels of 0 mg VE + 0 mg SE (Control), 100 mg VE + 0.05 mg Se, 200 mg VE + 0.1 mg Se, 300 mg VE + 0.15 mg Se and 400 mg VE + 0.2 mg Se per kg of feed in a completely randomised design. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The data collected on performance, haematological indices and oxidative stability of meat were subjected to a one-way analysis of variance in a completely randomised design. Performance indices were significantly (p < 0.05) influenced by VE + Se supplementation. Mean daily live-weight gain (48.68 g /bird /day) was highest (p < 0.05) in the 400 mg VE + 0.2 mg group. The mean daily feed intake (g /bird / day) was highest in birds fed the diet containing 200 mg VE + 0.1 mg. The least or best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was observed in the group fed 400 mg VE + 0.2 mg SE. Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) increased as the level of VE + Se increased with the highest activity in 400 mg VE + 0.2 mg Se group. The highest packed cell volume, haemoglobin and red blood cell values were observed in birds fed the diet containing 400 mg VE + 0.20 mg Se. In conclusion, to ensure good performance of the chickens and improved oxidative stability of chicken meat in hot climate, feeding broilers VE + SE at 400 mg VE + 0.2 mg Se is recommended.
Functional and pasting characteristics of pupuru and pupuru analogues from cassava (Manihot esculenta) and breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) blends
Authors: Akinyele O. F. , Ikujenlola A. V. , Omobuwajo T. O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Pupuru and pupuru analogues are fermented, smoked food products usually produced from cassava or cassava substituted with a varying ratio of breadfruit. This study aims at determining and comparing the functional and pasting characteristics of pupuru and pupuru analogues with a view to expanding the utilization of breadfruit as pupuru analogue. The functional properties (water absorption capacity (%), swelling power (g/g), solubility (%)) and pasting characteristics were determined using standard methods. The results showed that the yield of the products ranged between 24.66 and 29.65%, and it was not affected by the amount of breadfruit substituted. The water absorption capacities of the pupuru and pupuru analogues ranged between 216.0 and 449.0%; this parameter increased with temperature increase. Both swelling power and solubility had a rapid increase from 80 °C to 90 °C. Pasting temperature ranged between 73.15 and 83.66 °C, with peak time between 4.58 and 5.33 min. The final viscosity ranged between 94.08 and 391.83 RVU, and it decreased with increase in breadfruit substitution. The study concluded that adding breadfruit to cassava in pupuru analogue production improved some of the functional and pasting properties of the product.