bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chalcogen⋅⋅⋅π Bonding Catalysis
Authors: Kong Xiangjin , Zhou Pan‐Pan , Wang Yao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhile the presence of sulfur⋅⋅⋅π bonding interaction is a general phenomenon in the biological systems, the exploitation of this noncovalent force in a chemical process yet remains elusive. Herein, we describe the concept of chalcogen⋅⋅⋅π bonding catalysis that activates molecules of π systems through the interaction between chalcogen and π‐electron cloud. The proof‐of‐concept studies using a vinylindole‐based Diels–Alder benchmark reaction demonstrate that S⋅⋅⋅π and Se⋅⋅⋅π bonding interaction can drive the cycloaddition reaction efficiently. Experimental results suggest that a simultaneously double Se⋅⋅⋅π bonding interaction directs the stereoselectivity in this cycloaddition process.
DNA barcoding: A different perspective to introducing undergraduate students to DNA sequence analysis
Authors: Erasmus Daniel J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEducation in biochemistry teaching laboratories focus primarily on applying biochemical techniques to understanding human disease, biochemistry, and biotechnology. With anthropogenic climate change, there is a renewed interest in quantifying biodiversity, especially with the use of molecular‐based approaches such as DNA barcoding. This 3‐week laboratory exercise allowed undergraduate students to explore DNA sequencing, analysis, and DNA barcoding. Students extracted DNA from insect legs and amplified a 650 bp section of Cytochrome C oxidase I gene by PCR, and confirmed the success of their PCR by DNA gel electrophoresis. The PCR products were submitted for sequencing and students analyzed the sequences using FinchTV, Genbank, and the Barcode of Life Database. Based on the DNA sequences of their PCR products students were able to identify the species of insects. This lab exercise provides a different context to introducing students to analyzing DNA sequences and using DNA databases.
Two‐step sedimentation process for selection of microcapsules containing cell aggregates
Authors: Pedroza Rene G. , Rajani Sarah , Piret James M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMicroencapsulation technologies are being developed to protect transplanted islets from immune rejection, to reduce or even eliminate the need for immunosuppression. However, unencapsulated cells increase the chances of rejection and empty beads increase transplant volumes. Thus, separation processes were investigated to remove these byproducts based on density differences. The densities of islet‐sized mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN6) cell aggregates and acellular 5% alginate beads generated via emulsification and internal gelation were ~ 1.065 and 1.042 g/ml, respectively. The separation of empty beads from those containing aggregates was performed by sedimentation under unit gravity in continuous gradients of polysucrose and sodium diatrizoate with density ranges of 1.032–1.045, 1.035–1.044, or 1.039–1.042 g/ml. The 1.039–1.042 g/ml gradient enabled recoveries of ~ 80% of the aggregate‐containing beads while the other gradients recovered only ~ 60%. The bottom fraction of the 1.039–1.042 g/ml gradient contained beads with ~ 6% of their volume occupied by cell aggregates. Separation of unencapsulated aggregates from the aggregate‐containing beads was then achieved by centrifugation of this purified fraction in a 1.055 g/ml density solution. Thus, these sedimentation‐based approaches can effectively remove the byproducts of cell encapsulation.
COVID‐19 phobia across the world: Impact of resilience on COVID‐19 phobia in different nations
Authors: Lindinger‐Sternart Sylvia , Kaur Varinder , Widyaningsih Yekti , Patel Ashok Kumar 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimThis research study focused on exploring the impact of resilience on COVID‐19 phobia (C19P) among individuals from different nations including a cluster of European countries, India, Indonesia, Pakistan and the United States of America (USA).MethodWe recruited research participants via disseminating an electronic survey on Facebook Messenger (FM) that included 812 participants. The electronic survey assessed unidentifiable demographic information, the COVID‐19 Phobia Scale (C19P‐S; Arpaci et al., 2020) and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS; Smith et al, 2008).ResultsBased on simple linear regression, resilience had a statistically significant negative affect on all four C19P factors including psychological, psychosomatic, economic and social factors (p < .001). Resilience showed a statistically significant difference for at least two nations (p < .001) investigated in this research, as shown by using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Utilising linear regression analysis showed that age affects the resilience score positively significantly (p < .001). Based on the Kruskal–Wallis test, we found no statistically significant differences in resilience scores between genders, but found statistically significant differences in resilience scores based on marital status, educational level and professional status (p = .001).ConclusionWe concluded that the higher the resilience level, the lower the level of C19P. The level of resilience was highest in the USA, followed by Europe, Pakistan, India and Indonesia. Age affected the resilience level positively and resilience differed based on marital status, education levels, and professional status but not between genders. Implications are offered for effective counselling interventions during this COVID‐19 pandemic and the aftermath.
Myrothins A–F from Endophytic Fungus Myrothecium sp. BS‐31 Harbored in Panax notoginseng
Authors: Xiong Deng‐Sen , Yang Ya‐Bin , Hu Bin‐Yuan , Miao Cui‐Ping , Wang Yong‐Liang , Zou Jin‐Mei , Li Lei , Li Yi‐Qing , Luo Xiao‐Dong , Zhao Li‐Xing 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEndophytic fungi play important roles for host's stress tolerance including invasion by pathogenic microbes. Small molecules are common weapons in the microbe–microbe interactions. Panax notoginseng is a widely used traditional Chinese medicinal plant and harbors many endophytes, some exert functions against pathogens. Here, we report six new compounds named myrothins A–F (1–6) produced by Myrothecium sp. BS‐31, an endophyte isolated from P. notoginseng, and their antifungal activities against pathogenic fungi causing host root‐rot disease. Their structures were elucidated with analysis of spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR, HR‐ESI‐MS. Myrothins B (2) and E (5) showed the weak activity against Fusarium oxysporum and Phoma herbarum, and myrothins F (6) showed weak activity against F. oxysporum.
Numerical Analysis of Convective Heat Transfer Characteristics in Microalgae Slurries in Tube Flow
Authors: Ramachandriya Shreejeeth , Thangavelu Perarasu , Kasi Lakshmanan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith the various distinctive applications of microalgae, microalgae slurries have been extensively used in biogas and biofuel production. During these processes, the continuous hydrothermal pretreatment of microalgal biomass in tubular reactors is a key procedure. This pretreatment involves heat transfer, and the complex nature of the microalgae slurries containing micron‐sized cells flowing through the tube poses a major challenge for industrialization. There is only a scarce amount of literature available on the modeling of microalgae slurries; hence, a computational fluid dynamics model is developed in this study to analyze their heat transfer characteristics. Good agreement was obtained between the model results and experimental values.
A Titanium‐Catalyzed Reductive α‐Desulfonylation
Authors: Kern Christoph , Selau Jan , Streuff Jan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA titanium(III)‐catalyzed desulfonylation gives access to functionalized alkyl nitrile building blocks from α‐sulfonyl nitriles, circumventing traditional base‐mediated α‐alkylation conditions and strong single electron donors. The reaction tolerates numerous functional groups including free alcohols, esters, amides, and it can be applied also to the α‐desulfonylation of ketones. In addition, a one‐pot desulfonylative alkylation is demonstrated. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate a catalyst‐dependent mechanism involving a homolytic C−S cleavage.
Effects of using augmented reality (AR) in visualizing a dynamic particle model
Authors: Probst Christof , Fetzer David , Lukas Sarah , Huwer Johannes 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDer Einfluss von AR in diesem Lehr‐Lern‐Setting wurde in Bezug auf Motivation, schulische Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung und Kognition (z. B. Diskontinuum) in einer achten Klasse einer Realschule mit einer Interventionsstudie im Pre‐Post‐Kontrollgruppen‐Design untersucht. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass AR positive Auswirkungen auf diese Aspekte des Lernens hat.
Analysis of Eutrophication Potential in Main Drinking Water Basins of Istanbul
Authors: Karpuzcu Mahmut Ekrem , Fakioglu Malhun , Ozturk Izzet 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEutrophication potential in three main drinking water reservoirs of Istanbul is investigated. The eutrophication analysis is conducted by a phosphorus mass balance model using the point and nonpoint sources of pollution with the data provided by the Istanbul Water and Sewerage Administration. In addition to the mass balance model, the reservoirs are also evaluated based on trophic state index calculations. The results indicate that Istanbul's main drinking water reservoirs are either under eutrophication danger or already under eutrophic conditions. While reduction of nonpoint source loads using a series of best management practices is recommended for Omerli and Buyukcekmece Reservoirs, additional measures to mitigate internal eutrophication is necessary for Terkos Reservoir. Results of this study provide insight into management and control scenarios to prevent impacts of eutrophication in these reservoirs.
A Box of Chemistry to Inhibit the MEN1 Tumor Suppressor Gene Promoting Leukemia
Authors: Ozyerli‐Goknar Ezgi , Nizamuddin Sheikh , Timmers H. T. Marc 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTargeting protein‐protein interactions (PPIs) with small‐molecule inhibitors has become a hotbed of modern drug development. In this review, we describe a new class of PPI inhibitors that block menin from binding to MLL proteins. Menin is encoded by the MEN1 tumor suppressor, but acts as an essential cofactor for MLL/KMT2A‐rearranged leukemias. The most promising menin‐MLL inhibitors belong to the thienopyrimidine class and have recently entered phase I/II clinical trials for treating acute leukemias characterized by MLL/KMT2A translocations or NPM1 mutations. As single agents, thienopyrimidine compounds eradicate leukemia in a xenograft models of primary leukemic cells belonging to the MLL‐rearranged or NPM1‐mutant subtypes. These compounds are well tolerated with few or no side effects, which is remarkable given the tumor‐suppressor function of menin. The menin‐MLL inhibitors highlight how leukemia patients could benefit from a targeted epigenetic therapy with novel PPI inhibitors obtained by directed chemical evolution.
Litter mass, deposition rate, and decomposition in nitrogen‐fertilized or grass–legume grazing systems
Authors: Jaramillo David M. , Dubeux Jose C. B. , Sollenberger Lynn , Mackowiak Cheryl , Vendramini Joao M. B. , DiLorenzo Nicolas , Queiroz Luana M. D. , Santos Erick R. S. , Garcia Liza , Ruiz‐Moreno Martin , van Santen Edzard 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPlant litter deposition and decomposition play important roles in grassland nutrient cycling. The objective was to evaluate plant litter responses and estimate the N returns via plant litter in contrasting grazing systems, since legume inclusion is hypothesized to result in similar quantities of N return compared with N‐fertilized grass systems. Systems were (a) N‐fertilized bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flüggé) during summer with a mixture of N‐fertilized cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) during winter (Grass+N); (b) bahiagrass (no N fertilizer) during summer and a rye–oat–clovers (Trifolium spp.) mixture + N in winter (Grass+Clover); and (c) bahiagrass (no N fertilizer in summer) with strip‐planted rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) during summer with a rye–oat–clovers mixture + N during winter (Grass+CL+RP). Litter mass was greatest for Grass+N during October (4,430 kg organic matter [OM] ha−1) and least for Grass+CL+RP in June (490 kg OM ha−1). Litter N concentrations were greatest in Grass+N (16 g kg−1), with similar N concentration for Grass+Clover and Grass+CL+RP litter (14 g kg−1). Contribution of C3 species to litter mass increased from May to July but decreased thereafter. Overall, there was a net return of 47 kg N ha−1 yr−1 via litter across the three systems, and litter decomposition was similar in the three systems. Inclusion of forage legumes during cool and warm seasons in grazing systems has the potential to return similar amounts of N through plant litter deposition as grasses receiving moderate levels of N fertilizer.
Electroanalytical Determination of Estrone in Seawater Samples Using Functionalized Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Okina Renato Hisashi , Valle Eliana Maíra Agostini , Simões Fabio Ruiz , Codognoto Lucia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this work, a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with carboxylic groups (MWCNT−COOH) was used to determine the hormone estrone in seawater samples. Modification of the electrode was optimized using three successive 10‐μL aliquots of the MWCNT−COOH dispersion in ethanol (1 : 5 mL). The cyclic voltammetry results showed an oxidation peak at 0.59 V with characteristics of an irreversible process, pH dependent and controlled by adsorption of species. The results of square‐wave voltammetry showed that the intensities of peak currents for the MWCNT−COOH/GCE were about 2.5 times higher than for GCE. The calibration curve showed a linearity of 0.9981 and a sensitivity of 0.1521 μA/mol L−1. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.117 and 0.392 μmol L−1, respectively. The recovery obtained using seawater samples was 91%, indicating the applicability of the method in marine environments.
A capillary electrophoresis method for free fatty acids screening and acidity determination in biodiesel
Authors: Sato Renata Takabayashi , Alves Júlia Bruce , Amorim Tatiane Lima , de Oliveira Marcone Augusto Leal 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe advent of policies that incentivize or require alternative diesel fuels has increased the demand for the development of fast analytical methods aiming for the quality control of these fuels. This study approached an alternative method for the determination of biodiesel acidity employing capillary zone electrophoresis based on free fatty acids screening and quantification. Sample preparation comprised vortex‐assisted liquid‐liquid extraction of free fatty acids and was a crucial step for analysis. It was studied through a 32 full factorial design considering sample mass and the stirring time. Then, solvent suitability was evaluated univariately. The free fatty acid screening was carried out employing a capillary zone electrophoresis method able to separate C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 n‐9, C18:2 n‐6, and C18:3 n‐3, major fatty acids in a variety of vegetable oils used for biodiesel synthesis. In addition to the straightforward sample preparation protocol, the running time of the developed method was only 12 min. Moreover, ultraviolet absorption indirect detection of analytes was approached to avoid analytes derivatization, considering the lack of chromophore groups in saturated fatty acids. Statistical tests did not evidence any significant differences in the biodiesel acidity determination expressed in percentage of free fatty acids when comparing the proposed capillary zone electrophoresis method and the traditional potentiometric titration approach within the 95% confidence interval, which demonstrates the suitability of this alternative method for the biodiesel quality control in routine.
An online tool for information to women with epilepsy and therapeutic drug monitoring in pregnancy: Design and pilot study
Authors: Lisovska Kristina , Gustafsson Eva , Klecki Judith , Edelvik Tranberg Anna , Zelano Johan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveInformation to women with epilepsy on pregnancy‐related antiseizure medication (ASM) issues and reliable tools for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) are important aspects of epilepsy care. We aimed to develop and test an online tool for patient education on pregnancy‐related issues and communication with epilepsy nurses during pregnancy for women with epilepsy.MethodsAn existing national platform for online communication (1177.se) was used, and an online tool was developed by two epilepsy nurses, two neurologists, and an IT technician. The tool was launched as a complement to standard care, and patients deciding to use it were invited to participate in a survey of user experiences and knowledge questions.ResultsThe online tool consists of two modules: one for patient education and one for TDM during pregnancy. The latter module allows scheduling of automatic reminders of blood tests that are sent to patients at set intervals. The epilepsy nurse can communicate results and suggested dose changes in the tool. A total of 48 women answered the survey: 28 had been invited to use the information module and 20 to use the TDM module. Patient experiences were generally good, and most users of the TDM module would prefer an online means of communication in future pregnancies. For epilepsy nurses, the tool provided good overview of patients currently pregnant and administrative advantages compared with traditional means of communication.SignificanceOnline patient education and communication about TDM during pregnancy are feasible and can be a valuable part of future digitalization efforts in epilepsy care.
Ceribell EEG shortens seizure diagnosis and workforce time and is useful for COVID isolation
Authors: LaMonte Marian P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the portable Ceribell® electroencephalograph (EEG) (Mountain View, CA) used for suspected status epilepticus (SE) can reduce time to diagnosis and on‐call workforce demands and whether it can be applied to patients in respiratory isolation.MethodsA multidisciplinary team developed a protocol for the use of the Ceribell EEG. The staff deploying the device, the attending physician, and the interpreting neurologist completed evaluation tools for each patient. Data maintained for quality and resource planning of 18‐channel electroencephalography ordered for suspected SE were used as controls. Times to diagnosis were compared by application of Welch‐Satterthwaite tests and workforce call‐in demands by Fisher's exact t test. We evaluated qualitative data related to the use of the EEG in COVID‐19 isolation rooms and on its technical aspects and acceptance by staff members.ResultsThe Ceribell EEG reduced diagnosis time (P = .0000006) and on‐call workforce demand (P = .02). The device can be used at any time of day in any hospital care area and has advantages in respiratory isolation rooms.SignificanceCompared with a standard 18‐channel EEG, the Ceribell device allowed earlier diagnosis of SE and non‐SE conditions and reduced workforce demands. Due to the ease of its use and its simple components, which can be readily disinfected, it is advantageous for COVID‐19 patients in isolation.
Bestimmung der Abrasivität von Gesteinen mit mineralogisch‐petrographischen Verfahren
Authors: Plinninger Ralf J. , Käsling Heiko , Popp Till 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDer Arbeitskreis AK 3.3 „Versuchstechnik Fels“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geotechnik e. V. (DGGT) erarbeitet Empfehlungen für felsmechanische Labor‐ und Feldversuche sowie Messungen im Gebirge und an geotechnischen Bauwerken. Die vorliegende Empfehlung Nr. 25 behandelt die Bestimmung von mineralogisch‐petrographischen Kennwerten an Festgesteinsproben zum Zwecke der Abrasivitätsbewertung. Es werden Anforderungen an Prüfeinrichtungen und Probekörper sowie Vorgehensweisen für die Durchführung und Auswertung von Dünnschliff‐ und Pulverröntgendiffraktometeranalysen sowie für die Ableitung verschiedener Indexwerte zur Abrasivitätsbewertung festgelegt.Bei der petrographischen Analyse werden Informationen über Art und Anteile des Mineralinhalts sowie Gefügeeigenschaften eines Gesteins erhoben. Diese Informationen können entweder direkt, z. B. als Quarzgehalt, oder in Form abgeleiteter Indexwerte, z. B. Äquivalenter Quarzgehalt, Schimazek‐Verschleißindex oder Rock Abrasivity Index, zur Charakterisierung der Abrasivität herangezogen werden. In dieser Empfehlung werden der Zweck, die Begriffe, die Prüfeinrichtung, die Anforderungen an den Probekörper und die Versuchsdurchführung und ‐auswertung behandelt.
De Novo Colorectal and Pancreatic Cancer in Liver‐Transplant Recipients: Identifying the Higher‐Risk Populations
Authors: Nasser‐Ghodsi Navine , Mara Kristin , Watt Kymberly D. 
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims
Gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are common after liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to identify the risk and timing of the more common GI malignancies, colorectal and pancreatic cancer, to aid in optimizing potential posttransplant screening practices.

Approach and Results
Data from the United Network for Organ Sharing database of all adult liver‐transplant recipients from 1997 to 2017 were analyzed and a comparison made with cancer incidence from general population data using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. Of 866 de novo GI malignancies, 405 colorectal and 216 pancreas were identified. The highest cumulative incidence for colorectal cancer occurred in recipients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), recipients over the age of 50 with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)/cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and females >50 years with alcohol‐associated liver disease and HCC/CCA, with risk increasing above the general population within 5 years of transplant. Patients with PSC and HCC/CCA or NASH and HCC/CCA have the highest cumulative incidence of pancreatic cancer also rising within 5 years following transplant, with those patients >50 years old conferring the highest risk.

Conclusions
These data identify a high‐risk cohort that warrants consideration for intensified individualized screening practices for colorectal cancer after liver transplantation. In addition to recipients with PSC, further study of recipients with NASH and HCC/CCA and females with alcohol‐associated liver disease and HCC/CCA may be better tailored to colorectal cancer screening ideals. Higher‐risk patient populations for pancreatic cancer (PSC and NASH with HCC/CCA) would benefit from further study to determine potential screening practices. GI malignancies occur at higher rates in liver‐transplant patients compared with the general population. In the era of individualized medicine, this study identifies the highest‐risk transplant recipients (PSC and NASH cirrhosis with coexisting HCC/CCA) who may benefit from altered screening practices for these malignancies.