bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated SUICIDE Attempts: ANALYZED AS ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS
Authors: Mynatt Sarah 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Attempted suicide is an act associated with childhood sexual abuse, depression, bipolar illness, substance abuse, and other diagnoses, as documented in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV) (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 1994). Three women, who attended a group to decrease their depression and increase their self-esteem and who had histories of multiple suicide attempts, agreed to participate in interviews designed to determine the common factors associated with their suicide attempts and to examine the assertion that their suicide attempts were an addiction, similar to their addictions to alcohol and drugs. The common factors found were depression, substance use disorders with early abuse and risky behaviors, history of sexual abuse, faulty relationships, alteration of mood with a suicide plan, and distorted and illogical thinking and motivation. The similarities to addiction also were described. Based on the complexity of factors that emerged and the addictive nature of the suicide attempts, treatment for similar patients needs to be multidimensional and ongoing to allow sufficient time to monitor progress and address the numerous factors involved.
Are Abused Women Mentally ill?
Authors: May Barbara A , Rakhlin Dmitriy , Katz Anita , Limandri Barbara J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A secondary data analysis study was conducted on Derogatis Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) data derived from a larger intervention study of community-based abused women (N = 50). The purpose was to improve understanding of the effect domestic violence has on mental health, given the symptomatology observed in this population. A psychological distress symptom profile was developed and compared with BSI normative data. Findings were unexpected and suggest the necessity to reexamine the assumptions harbored about interpersonal violence in research and practice.
New Technique for Knife and Radial Keratotomy
Authors: Sergienko Nikolai M , Solodkii Nikolai , Hamard Henry , Ruellan Yves-Marie 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Radial keratotomy is the most popular method of surgical correction of myopia, but requires further improvements. This study presents a new knife design for radial keratotomy.
METHODS: Radial keratotomy was performed on 120 eyes of 60 patients with myopia. We utilized two diamond knife designs. The new knife allows a surgeon to perform corneal incisions of varying programmed depth with one movement of the hand, deeper at the limbus. As a control, we used the standard Fyodorov knife. One eye was operated on with one type of knife, the other eye with the other type. The number of incisions was the same with both techniques.
RESULTS: After a 2-year follow up of the group of eyes operated on with the new knife, the mean keratometric power changed from 43.20 diopters (D) to 39.30 D, and the mean amount of myopia from - 4.37 to - 0.32 D. In the group of eyes operated on with the standard knife, the mean keratometric power changed from 43.20 to 39.50 D, and the mean amount of myopia from -4.36 to -0.40 D.
CONCLUSIONS: The final refractive effect of the new knife was equal to that of standard knives. However, the new knife was more convenient: duration of surgery was shorter, and there was no need to change the length of the blade to deepen the incisions during surgery. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:56-59.!
Comparison of Polycarbonate and Steel Test Surfaces for Videokeratography
Authors: Potvin Richard J , Fonn Desmond , Sorbara Luigina 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Assessing video imaging systems for measuring corneal topography often requires test surfaces. Steel bearings have been employed, but manufacturers caution that high reflectance (>90%) relative to the eye (<10%) may compromise test findings. The differences between steel and polycarbonate test surfaces are quantified in this study.
METHODS: Images of a steel and a polycarbonate sphere of known radius of curvature were obtained with the Tomey/Computed Anatomy Topographic Modeling System (TMS, Cambridge, Mass). Analysis was performed on the raw video data files and the resultant surface curvature estimates.
RESULTS: The raw video images differed sufficiently to affect image processing. Polycarbonate yielded consistently better images. Many steel images (approximately 25%) contained data points that could not be processed; calculated surface contour was more variable for these. Differences were less obvious when these images were removed from the pool.
CONCLUSIONS: Results support the manufacturer's caution against the use of steel surfaces for testing or calibration of the TMS instrument. Problems appear due to the fundamental differences in the intensity distributions of video images captured from high- and low-reflectance surfaces. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:89-91.]
Epithelial Alterations Following Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Gauthier Charline A , Epstein Daniel , Holden Brien A , Tengroth Björn , Fagerholm Per , Hamberg-Nyström Helene , Sievert Rebecca 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A retrospective observational study was conducted to test the hypothesis that there is clinically measurable epithelial hyperplasia after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), and to determine its effect on the epithelial oxygen uptake rate.
METHODS: One hundred myopic eyes who had been previously treated unilaterally with PRK were examined. Fifty eyes were treated with the Summit excimer laser (Summit Technology, Waltham, Mass) 27 ± 7 months previously with ablation zone diameters of 4.1, 4.3, 4.5, or 5.0 mm. Fifty eyes were treated with the VISX excimer laser (VISX Inc, Sunnyvale, Calif) 5 ± 4 months previously with one ablation zone diameter of 6.0 mm. The untreated eyes served as controls. Epithelial thickness was measured at a standardized central area within the ablation zone with a modified optical pachometer. Oxygen uptake rate was measured in a subgroup of 30 eyes (20 Summit and 10 VISX).
RESULTS: The epithelium after PRK was 24% thicker than in the control eye in the Summit group (mean difference 13 ± 10 µm; p < .01) and 7% thinner in the VISX group (mean difference - 4 ± 10 µm; p < .01). A higher oxygen uptake rate correlated with a thicker epithelium (r = 0.42; p < .05).
CONCLUSIONS: The epithelium was significantly thicker after PRK between 13 and 37 months after treatment with the Summit excimer laser using ablation zone diameters of 4.1 to 5.0 mm. The epithelium was thinner between 1 and 15 months after treatment with the VISX laser using an ablation zone diameter of 6.0 mm. An increase in oxygen uptake rate reflected the metabolic rate of a greater number of cells in the hyperplastic layer. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:113-118.]
Symmetry of Outcome After Photorefractive Keratectomy for Myopia
Authors: Loewenstein Anat , Lipshitz Isaac , Ben-Sirah Ayala , Barak Vered , Lazar Moshe 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to find out whether the outcome of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in the second eye can be predicted from the results of the first, and to determine whether we should modify our therapeutic approach to the second eye according to the results of the first.
Bilateral PRK was performed in 73 patients using the Summit Technology excimer laser. All patients included in this study had a follow-up of at least 12 months in both eyes. The change of refraction and the haze of the two eyes were compared.
Sixty percent of patients had a difference in refraction between the two eyes smaller than 0.50 diopters (D), and 75% had a difference smaller than 1.00 D. The degree of symmetry in response to treatment was greater in patients with a preoperative spherical equivalent refraction of less than -6.00 D. Most patients had a similar degree of haze in both eyes.
The results of our study demonstrate that a considerable degree of symmetry in the outcome of surgery exists between the two eyes of the same patient undergoing PRK, especially in low to moderate myopia. [J Refract Surg. (suppl.) 1995;11:S268-S269.]
Corticosteroids for Reversal of Myopic Regression After Photorefractive Keratectomy
Authors: Marques Eduardo F , Leite Eugenio B , Cunha-Vaz Jose G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
With the aim of reversing myopic regression laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) after excimer, the effect of high-dose topical corticosteroids in modulating changes in refraction and corneal transparency was assessed prospectively.
Twenty-four eyes of 23 patients (mean preoperative spherical equivalent refraction -7.36 diopters (D); range, -4.12 D to -19.25 D), demonstrating myopic regression ranging between 1.00 D and 6.88 D (mean: 2.64 D), were treated according to the same therapeutic protocol. Changes in corneal haze, corneal topography, and refraction were evaluated over 6 months.
Eighteen eyes (78.26%) showed 1.00 D or more reversal of myopic regression. Sixteen eyes (69.56%) regained the attempted correction present when corticosteroids were first stopped (±1.00 D). The difference between mean refraction before reintroducing corticosteroids (-2.64 D; range, - 1.00 D to - 6.88 D) and when stabilization occurred (-0.60; range, + 1.50 D to -4.50 D) was stastisticaly significant (P<0.01). The improvements in corneal haze and spectacle corrected visual acuity were also significant (both P<0.01). Stabilization occurred between 1 to 4 months after surgery (mean, 2.22). In five eyes (21.74%) increased intraocular pressure of more than 20 mm Hg were reduced with betablockers.
Topical corticosteroid therapy can modulate refractive changes after PRK, appearing to reduce myopic regression. However, a longer follow up will be necessary to determine the final refractive outcome of these eyes. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11 (suppl.):S302-S308]
The Use of Corticosteroid/Beta-Blocker Combinations in the Management of Regression After PRK for High Myopia
Authors: MacRobert Iain J , Ho Samuel S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
After nearly 8 years of clinical experience, and with conflicting evidence from trials with and without corticosteroids, there is still no single, universally agreed postoperative management regimen for photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). All agree that corticosteroids will reverse sudden regressions, and so most still use varying corticosteroid regimens. In Hong Kong we are faced with many patients whose myopia is greater than -6 diopters (D), and we agree with the general observation that the regression/haze rate is much greater for these higher errors, and that increased intraocular pressure (IOP) seems to be associated with increased haze. We placed our high myopia group (greater than -6.00D) on corticosteroid/beta-blocker combinations and observed a much lower incidence of haze and regression from this group. We use this regimen now on all our patients and are achieving more accurate endpoint refraction and less haze. Our hypothesis is that lowering the IOP to less than 16 mm Hg reduces keratocyte migration by "tightening" the corneal lamellae, thus dampening the healing response. Case studies are presented to illustrate this relationship. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11(suppl.):S321-S326.]
Automated In situ Keratomileusis for Myopia
Authors: Ibrahim Osama , Waring George O , Salah Tarek , El Maghraby Akef 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: In situ keratomileusis is a rapidly changing refractive corneal surgical procedure for the correction of myopia. We report here the results of a retrospective study of in situ keratomileusis with the refractive cut made with a microkeratome. The technique represents an intermediate stage of development that used a sutured corneal disc, an early automated microkeratome, and no reoperations for residual refractive error.
METHODS: We carried out a retrospective chart review of the first 107 consecutive eyes (73 patients) that received in situ keratomileusis with an automated microkeratome (Ruiz corneal shaper) at the El Maghraby Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between November, 1991 and February, 1993. Sixty-three eyes (59%) were followed for a mean of 1 year. Manifest refraction measured by an ophthalmologist or optometrist was the major response variable. Surgery followed the Ruiz nomogram, which specified an anterior corneal disc approximately 7.2 mm in diameter and 160 um in thickness and a piano in situ refractive cut a mean of 4.2 mm in diameter and 93 um in thickness.
RESULTS: The mean baseline spherical equivalent of the manifest refraction was -11.97±5.30 diopters (D) (range, -3.75 to -28.00 D). At a mean of 1 year after surgery, the mean refraction was -1.86±3.13 D (range, -13.25 to -1-4.63 D); 13 eyes (21%) had a refraction within ±0.50 D and 22 (35%) within ±1.00 D. Undercorrection of more than -1.00 D was present in 36 eyes (57%). At baseline, 48 of 63 eyes (75%) could see 20/40 or better with spectacle correction. At 1 year, 13 of 63 eyes (21%) could see 20/40 or better uncorrected. To measure the stability of refraction in 61 eyes, the mean refraction at 1 month of +0.62±2.43 D was compared to that at 1 year after surgery (mean, -1.41±3.10 D), indicating a loss of effect in the direction of increasing myopia. Nine eyes (14%) lost two to five lines of spectaclecorrected visual acuity. Two eyes had central epithelial implantation plaques in the lamellar bed that required removal.
CONCLUSION: In situ keratomileusis using an automated corneal shaper and sutured corneal discs at an intermediate stage of development produced less than desirable refractive and visual acuity results. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:431-441.]
Intraocular Lens Power Calculation for Eyes After Refractive Keratotomy
Authors: Hoffer Kenneth J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Calculating the intraocular lens (IOL) power for an eye that has previously had refractive keratotomy is a problem because of the difficulty of accurately measuring the central power of the cornea using standard keratometers.
METHODS: Three methods are proposed to better estimate this parameter. The clinical history method involves subtracting the change in myopia induced by the refractive keratotomy from the average corneal power measured before the keratotomy. The contact lens method determines the difference between the manifest refraction with and without a piano hard contact lens of known base curve and subtracts this difference from that base curve. Videokeratography measures the central corneal power inside the approximately 3-mm zone measured by keratometry, and therefore gives a more accurate power to use in IOL calculation formulas, especially with newer software applications becoming available.
RESULTS: Published reports have demonstrated that standard keratometers do not accurately measure corneal power after refractive keratotomy and that regression formulas are less accurate than modern third-generation theoretic formulas for eyes that have flatter corneas from refractive surgery.
CONCLUSION: For eyes that have had refractive surgery, the corneal power derived from clinical history, contact lens refraction, or videokeratography should be used in a third-generation theoretic formula (Hoffer Q, Holladay, SRK/T) to calculate the intraocular lens power used during cataract surgery. [J Refract Surg. 1995;11:490-493.]
Arc-scanning Very High-frequency Digital Ultrasound for 3D Pachymetric Mapping of the Corneal Epithelium and Stroma in Laser in situ Keratomileusis
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z , Silverman Ronald H , Raevsky Tatiana , Simoni George J , Lloyd Harriet O , Najafi David J , Rondeau Mark J , Coleman D Jackson 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To test and demonstrate measurement precision, imaging resolution, 3D thickness mapping, and clinical utility of a new prototype 3D very high-frequency (VHF) (50 MHz) digital ultrasound scanning system for corneal epithelium, flap, and residual stromal thickness after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
METHODS: VHF ultrasonic 3D data was acquired by arc-motion, meridional scanning within a 10-mm zone. Digital signal processing techniques provided high-resolution B-scan imaging, and I-scan traces for high-precision pachymetry in 4 eyes. Thickness maps of individual corneal layers were constructed. Reproducibility of epithelial, flap, and full corneal pachymetry was assessed for single-point and 3D thickness mapping by repeated measures. Thickness mapping of the epithelium, stroma, flap, and full cornea were determined before and after LASIK. Preoperative to postoperative difference maps for epithelium, flap, and stroma were produced to demonstrate anatomical changes in the thickness profile of each layer.
RESULTS: Surface localization precision was 0.87 /im. Central reproducibility for single-point pachymetry of epithelium was 0.61 //m; flap, 1.14 /tra; and full cornea, 0.74 /im. Reproducibility for central pachymetry on 3D thickness mapping was 0.5 µt? for epithelium and 1.5-//m for full cornea. B-scans and 3D thickness maps after LASIK demonstrated resolution of epithelial, stromal component of the flap, and residual stromal layers. Large epithelial profile changes were demonstrated after LASIK. Topographic variability of flap thickness and residual stromal thickness were significant.
CONCLUSIONS: VHF digital ultrasound arc-B scanning provides high-resolution imaging and high-precision three-dimensional thickness mapping of corneal layers, enabling accurate anatomical evaluation of the changes induced in the cornea by LASIK. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:414-4301
Implantation of Scleral-sutured Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses During Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Koçak-Altintas Ayse G , Koçak-Midillioglu Inci , Dengisik Fikret , Duman Sunay 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical outcome in 29 patients (29 eyes) who underwent penetrating keratoplasty and scierai-fixation of an intraocular lens.
METHODS: The indications for penetrating keratoplasty with scleral-fixation of an intraocular lens were anterior chamber Pseudophakie corneal edema, aphakic corneal edema, trauma, and corneal scars. Patients with Pseudophakie corneal edema underwent IOL exchange and penetrating keratoplasty and patients with lens subluxation underwent cataract extraction and penetrating keratoplasty in the same operation session.
RESULTS: Preoperative spectacle-corrected visual acuity was hand motion in 13 eyes (44.8%) and 20/400 in 18 eyes (61.5%). Postoperative spectacle-corrected visual acuity of 20/400 or better was observed in 25 eyes (86.2%). At last follow-up, 26 corneal grafts (89.7%) remained clear. Three grafts (10.3%) failed, two because of glaucoma and one because of endophthalmitis. Glaucoma was observed in 7 eyes.
CONCLUSION: Trans-scleral fixation of intraocular lenses combined with penetrating keratoplasty was a useful surgical technique in eyes with keratopathy and lacking posterior capsular support. [J Refract Surg 2000;16:456-458]
Surgically Induced Astigmatism After Laser in situ Keratomileusis for Spherical Myopia
Authors: Sharma Namrata , Pangtey Mayank S , Vajpayee Rasik B , Dada Tanuj , Aggarwal Tushar , Dada Vijay K , Pandey Ravindra M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study risk factors for surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).
METHODS: In a retrospective case control study of 104 eyes (52 patients) that underwent LASIK for myopia (spherical ablation alone), two groups were studied: 42/104 eyes with SIA, and controls (62/104 eyes). The main variables studied were preoperative refraction, corneal thickness, preoperative keratometric power, amount of ablation, ablation zone diameter, flap thickness, flap size, and the presence of complications. The effect of SIA on visual performance was also evaluated.
RESULTS: The mean myopia for which LASIK was undertaken was -4.50 ± 2.04 D. Mean scalar astigmatism induced was 0.35 ± 0.50 D at 1 month, 0.33 ± 0.40 D at 3 months, and 0.16 ± 0.60 D at 6 months. SIA based on refractive cylinder was 0.66 ± 0.29 D at 1 month, 0.54 ± 0.32 D at 3 months, and 0.49 ± 0.34 D at 6 months. Mean axis of vector induced astigmatism was 82.5° ± 57° at 1 month, 98.86° ± 52.4° at 3 months, and 113.9° ± 62.6° at 6 months. Risk factors associated with the occurrence of SIA were preoperative keratometric power of >44 D [OR (95% CI); 1.97 (0.62 to 6.26)], ablation zone diameter of <6 mm [OR (95 % CI) 2.76; (0.6 to 12.6)], and suction ring diameter of 8.5 mm [OR (95% CI) 12.46; (2.0 to 77.38)]. The occurrence of SIA had no significant effect on uncorrected Snellen high contrast visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and glare in comparison with controls.
CONCLUSION: Surgically induced astigmatism was more likely to occur with the use of smaller suction rings of 8.5 mm and in ablation zones less than 6 mm. Parameters for visual performance were not affected by the presence of surgically induced astigmatism. [J Refract Surg 2002;18: 239-244]
Bilateral Simultaneous Laser in situ Keratomileusis With the Aesculap Meditec MEL 60 Laser
Authors: Sun Xiao-Yi , Vicary Diane L , Montgomery Peter , Page Gary 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report the outcome of bilateral simultaneous excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with the Aesculap Meditec MEL 60 laser for the correction of myopia and hyperopia.
METHODS: This retrospective study included 338 eyes of 169 patients who had bilateral simultaneous LASIK performed by one surgeon (D.L.V.).
RESULTS: Postoperatively, 20/20 or better visual acuity was achieved by 78.5% (186 eyes) in the <-6.00-D group, and 55.6% (54 eyes) in the ≥-6.00-D group. Postoperatively, the mean spherical equivalent refraction was within ±0.50 D for 78% (185 eyes) in the <-6.00-D group (range, -2.25 to +1.25 D), 55% (53 eyes) in the ≥-6.00-D group (range, -2.38 to +1.13 D), and one eye in the hyperopic group. Complications at 3 months included regression in five eyes (1.4%), infiltrates in six eyes (1.7%), primary undercorrection in two eyes (0.6%), superficial punctate keratitis in four eyes (1.1%), ten eyes (2.9%) underwent enhancement, two eyes (0.6%) underwent refractive lensectomy, and four eyes (1.1%) underwent astigmatic keratotomy 3 months postoperatively. Two eyes lost two lines of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity.
CONCLUSION: Bilateral simultaneous LASIK with the Aesculap Meditec MEL 60 laser was effective and predictable. It was more economical and convenient for the patient than unilateral LASIK and binocular visual rehabilitation was rapidly restored. No sight threatening complications occurred in this group of patients. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:245-248]
Phototherapeutic Keratectomy for Relief of Pain in Patients With Pseudophakic Corneal Edema
Authors: Rosa Nicola , Cennamo Gilda 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of phototherapeutic keratectomy in patients with Pseudophakic corneal edema
METHODS: Phototherapeutic keratectomy was performed in 12 eyes of 12 patients with Pseudophakic corneal edema who were awaiting penetrating keratoplasty. All patients underwent planned corneal ablation of 120 µm. Examinations before and after surgery included uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, photography, and ultrasonic pachymetry.
METHODS: A reduction in pain and a slight increase in visual acuity as well as a decrease in corneal thickness were found over an average 18-month follow-up period (range, 6 to 60 months).
CONCLUSIONS: Phototherapeutic keratectomy reduced bullae formation, improved visual acuity slightly, and could be considered a valuable alternative to penetrating keratoplasty if surgery needs to be delayed or is contraindicated. [J Refract Surg 2002;18:276-279]