bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability and change in levels of work–family conflict: A multi‐study, longitudinal investigation
Authors: Smith Claire E. , Wayne Julie Holliday , Matthews Russell A. , Lance Charles E. , Griggs Tracy L. , Pattie Marshall W. 
Published: November 2021

There has been little theoretical and empirical attention to the role of time in studying levels of work–family conflict. Contrary to theoretical assumptions that work–family conflict is a highly dynamic construct, we borrow from established theories to describe a Stability and Change Model, which posits that work–family conflict levels are primarily stable with some meaningful change over time. The proposed model also outlines predictors of stability (and change) in work–family conflict levels: stability (or change) in‐person (i.e., neuroticism) and situational factors (i.e., role demands and, to a lesser extent, resources). Findings across two longitudinal studies with timeframes of 5 months (one‐month lags) and 3 years (one‐year lags) suggest that 75–80% of the observed variance in work–family conflict levels is stable over mid‐ to long‐term timeframes. In line with our Stability and Change Model, trait‐state‐occasion modelling results indicate that stability in work–family conflict is primarily due to stability in workload demands and to a lesser extent, personality factors (i.e., neuroticism), but, unexpectedly, not resources. There was some meaningful change in work–family conflict levels over time, primarily due to changes in demands and to a lesser extent, changes in person characteristics. Theoretical, methodological, and analytical considerations for future studies of work–family conflict levels are discussed.Practitioner points

WFC levels may be very resistant to change.

Our findings highlight the importance for organizations to make a sustained commitment to addressing factors that might create WFC rather than short‐term efforts.

Organizations may design impactful interventions by aiming to significantly and durably reduce job demands, specifically:

High involvement work practices that foster empowerment, information sharing, rewards, and training have been shown to reduce job demands including role overload (Kilroy et al., 2016, Human Resource Management Journal, 26, 408).
Supervisors could reduce workload by eliminating unnecessary tasks or prioritizing most important tasks and/or developing employees’ time management skills so they can accomplish important job tasks in the time available.
Reducing hindrance stressors such as role ambiguity and hassles tend not to be as relevant.

Organizations may also want to consider person variables (e.g., personality, affect) by training for individual characteristics that may help employees manage WFC such as mindfulness training.
Thirty years of illiberal democracy in Guanajuato
Authors: Sánchez‐Gutiérrez Arturo , Moreno López Margarita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGuanajuato was the second state in Mexico to have political alternation, in 1991. Additionally, it was one of the first states in which there was political alternation at the municipal level, in the 1980s. Since then, alternation at that level of government is frequent. Even though this situation might lead us to think of Guanajuato as a state that has been democratically consolidated over the last 30 years, we find illiberal structures and practices that have been repeated over time and that have come to damage the democratic exercise in the state. This article describes each of the illiberal practices and structures, using data and a case study.
Long‐term warming effects on the microbiome andnifHgene abundance of a common moss species in sub‐Arctic tundra
Authors: Klarenberg Ingeborg J. , Keuschnig Christoph , Russi Colmenares Ana J. , Warshan Denis , Jungblut Anne D. , Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg S. , Vilhelmsson Oddur 
Published: November 2021

SummaryBacterial communities form the basis of biogeochemical processes and determine plant growth and health. Mosses harbour diverse bacterial communities that are involved in nitrogen fixation and carbon cycling. Global climate change is causing changes in aboveground plant biomass and shifting species composition in the Arctic, but little is known about the response of moss microbiomes in these environments.Here, we studied the total and potentially active bacterial communities associated withRacomitrium lanuginosumin response to a 20‐yrin situwarming in an Icelandic heathland. We evaluated the effect of warming and warming‐induced shrub expansion on the moss bacterial community composition and diversity, andnifHgene abundance.Warming changed both the total and the potentially active bacterial community structure, while litter abundance only affected the total bacterial community structure. The abundance ofnifHgenes was negatively affected by litter abundance. We also found shifts in the potentially nitrogen‐fixing community, withNostocdecreasing and noncyanobacterial diazotrophs increasing in relative abundance.Our data suggest that the moss microbial community and potentially nitrogen fixing taxa will be sensitive to future warming, partly via changes in litter and shrub abundance.
Photophysicochemical and Biological Properties of New Phthalocyanines Bearing 4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy and 2‐(4‐methylthiazol‐5‐yl)ethoxy Groups on Peripheral Positions
Authors: Farajzadeh Nazli , Özdemir Sadin , Gonca Serpil , Atmaca Göknur Yaşa , Erdoğmuş Ali , Bayır Zehra Altuntaş , Koçak Makbule Burkut 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTAs thiazoles and fluorinated groups are well known as active species of hybrid pharmaceutical agents, this study aimed to evaluate the synergic effect of these groups on the biological features of phthalocyanines for the first time in the hope of discovering efficient pharmaceutical agents. Therefore, a new phthalonitrile derivative namely 4‐(2‐(4‐methylthiazol‐5‐yl)ethoxy)‐5‐(4‐(trifluoromethoxy)phenoxy)phthalonitrile (1) and its metal‐free (2)/metal phthalocyanines (3‐5) were prepared and characterized using various spectroscopic techniques. Solubility of new phthalocyanines (2‐5) was examined in a series of polar and nonpolar solvents. Additionally, sono/photochemical methods were applied to examine the photophysical and sono/photochemical properties of new zinc phthalocyanine to measure its potential as a probable material for sono/photodynamic therapies. The antioxidant activities of compounds (1‐5) were evaluated using the DPPH scavenging activity method and the highest radical scavenging activity was obtained 92.13% (200 mg L−1) for manganese phthalocyanine. All the phthalocyanines demonstrated high DNA nuclease activity, as well. The antimicrobial activities of compounds (1‐5) were investigated using disk diffusion and microdilution methods. The phthalocyanines exhibited effective microbial cell inhibition activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli). Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy activity was investigated against E. coli by LED irradiation. Compounds (2‐5) acted as photosynthesizers. Also, they displayed significant biofilm inhibition activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa).
Ultrasonographic observation in combination with progesterone monitoring for detection of ovulation in Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Tsuchida Mei , Komura Nako , Yoshihara Tatsuya , Kawasaki Yuta , Sakurai Daichi , Suzuki Hiroshi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough it is well known that the ovulation occurs during a period of time after LH surge in dogs, there are few reports of observing the entire process of development, ovulation and luteinization of each follicle. This study aimed to detect the ovulation kinetics by ultrasonography in combination with progesterone monitoring and therefore identify the time‐range of the ovulation process in a dog. Daily transabdominal ultrasonography and progesterone monitoring were conducted for 24 natural oestrus cycles of Labrador Retrievers. Ovarian follicles were observed as anechoic structure with contours before ovulation. Ovulation (follicular collapse) was defined as when follicles became cloudy and contours obscure by transabdominal ultrasonography. Ultrasound imaging was capable of identifying the day of ovulation for 94.7% (178/188) of the follicles through the appearance of collapsed follicle or corpus luteum. Ovulation was observed between LH 0 (the day of LH surge) and LH 5, with 48.0%, 33.5% and 15.0% for LH 2, LH 3 and LH 1, respectively. The total number of ovulations on LH 2 and LH 3 accounted for 81.5% (141/173) of the total ovulation in 24 cycles examined. Ovulation occurred in 12 cycles for 2 d and for 3 d in 12 cycles. Seventeen cycles (70.8%) with multiple days of ovulation showed the largest number of ovulations on LH 2. The average follicle diameter 3 d before the LH surge was less than 5 mm, then exceeded 5 mm 2 d before the LH surge. The average follicle diameter at the time of ovulation (follicular collapse) was 6.1 ± 1.0 mm (n = 118). On the day before ovulation, the average diameters of the follicles ovulated on LH 1, LH 2 and LH 3 were 5.0 ± 0.7 mm, 5.8 ± 1.2 mm and 6.2 ± 1.3 mm, respectively. There was a significant difference in the follicle diameter between LH1 and LH2 (p < .001), LH2 and LH3 (p < .05), and LH1 and LH3 (p < .001). Suggesting that it is difficult to estimate the ovulation day based on follicle size. This study showed that combination of ultrasonography with progesterone monitoring could follow follicular development, ovulation and luteinization of the ovary in Labrador Retrievers. The direct visualization of the ovulation was achieved in a non‐invasive, labour‐friendly way. Furthermore, the time‐range of the ovulation process was clarified in a dog. These results may contribute to an accurate understanding of the optimum timing of mating and improved breeding efficiency, including artificial insemination and embryo transfer for Labrador Retrievers.
Aqueous angiography in pre‐glaucomatous and glaucomatous ADAMTS10‐mutant canine eyes: A pilot study
Authors: Burn Jessica B. , Huang Alex S. , Weber Arthur , Komáromy András M. , Pirie Christopher G. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate intravenous scleral and intracameral aqueous angiography in normotensive (n = 4) and hypertensive glaucomatous (n = 6) ADAMTS10‐mutant canine eyes.Animals studiedTen ADAMTS10‐mutant dogs were used in this study.ProceduresDogs were sedated and one eye from each dog underwent scleral angiography following intravenous injection of 0.25% indocyanine green (ICG). After a 24‐h recovery period, the same eye underwent aqueous angiography via intracameral administration of ICG. Imaging of identical scleral sectors from the same eye was performed using a Heidelberg Spectralis® Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope. Intrascleral vessel depth and lumen diameters were measured using Heidelberg Spectralis® optical coherence tomography and computer software.ResultsScleral angiography permitted visualization of vascular components associated with conventional aqueous humor outflow pathways with an average time from injection to fluorescence of 35.8 ± 10.6 s (mean ± SD). Two normotensive eyes (2/10;20%) demonstrated turbulent dye movement, while 4 hypertensive eyes (4/10;40%) exhibited laminar flow. Aqueous angiography demonstrated dye fluorescence within the post‐trabecular conventional aqueous humor outflow pathways in all 10 eyes at 34.3 ± 11.0 s post‐injection. Sectoral and dynamic outflow patterns were observed primarily within the superotemporal sector in nine eyes (9/10; 90%). Seven eyes (7/10; 70%) demonstrated pulsatile dye movement and five eyes (5/10; 50%) exhibited laminar flow. The degree of laminar movement of dye was greatest in hypertensive eyes. Vessel lumen diameters measured 133.85 ± 28.36 µm and 161.18 ± 6.02 µm in hypertensive and normotensive eyes, respectively.ConclusionsAqueous angiography allowed for visualization of fluorescent dye in the superotemporal sclera. Laminar flow and smaller lumen vessels were observed mainly in hypertensive eyes.
Adult patients’ experiences of patient-professional communication in patient portals: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Huhtakangas Moona , Tuomikoski Anna-Maria , Laukka Elina , Kääriäinen Maria , Kanste Outi 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of the review is to identify, critically appraise, and synthesize the best available evidence on adult patients’ experiences of patient-professional communication in patient portals.

Introduction:
Alongside face-to-face communication, patient portals can improve care quality and patients’ self-management of chronic diseases. It is important to examine how patients experience patient-professional communication in patient portals because this digital environment inherently lacks non-verbal messages, which can lead to misunderstandings.

Inclusion criteria:
Qualitative studies that describe patients’ experiences of reciprocal patient-professional communication in patient portals will be included. Patients must be over the age of 18 years and have a need for long-term care delivered by a health care professional (eg, patients with chronic diseases, such as cancer or diabetes). The health care professionals considered for inclusion are the members of the patient's health care team who communicate with the patient using patient portals. A patient portal is defined as a personal health record, which is either an independent webpage or interconnected with an electronic health record.

Methods:
The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (EBSCO), ProQuest (Abi/Inform), Scopus, Medic, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Cochrane CENTRAL. Gray literature will be searched in MedNar. Studies published in English, Finnish, or Swedish will be considered, and there is no date limitation. Studies will be screened and critically appraised for methodological quality by two independent researchers. Data will be extracted using a standardized tool from JBI SUMARI. Data synthesis will be conducted according to the meta-aggregation approach. Confidence in the evidence will be assessed using the ConQual approach.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42021286177
Extreme metamorphism and metamorphic facies series at convergent plate boundaries: Implications for supercontinent dynamics
Authors: Zheng Yong-Fei , Chen Ren-Xu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCrustal metamorphism under extreme pressure-temperature conditions produces characteristic ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) and ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) mineral assemblages at convergent plate boundaries. The formation and evolution of these assemblages have important implications, not only for the generation and differentiation of continental crust through the operation of plate tectonics, but also for mountain building along both converging and converged plate boundaries. In principle, extreme metamorphic products can be linked to their lower-grade counterparts in the same metamorphic facies series. They range from UHP through high-pressure (HP) eclogite facies to blueschist facies at low thermal gradients and from UHT through high-temperature (HT) granulite facies to amphibolite facies at high thermal gradients. The former is produced by low-temperature/pressure (T/P) Alpine-type metamorphism during compressional heating in active subduction zones, whereas the latter is generated by high-T/P Buchan-type metamorphism during extensional heating in rifting zones. The thermal gradient of crustal metamorphism at convergent plate boundaries changes in both time and space, with low-T/P ratios in the compressional regime during subduction but high-T/P ratios in the extensional regime during rifting. In particular, bimodal metamorphism, one colder and the other hotter, would develop one after the other at convergent plate boundaries. The first is caused by lithospheric subduction at lower thermal gradients and thus proceeds in the compressional stage of convergent plate boundaries; the second is caused by lithospheric rifting at higher thermal gradients and thus proceeds in the extensional stage of convergent plate boundaries. In this regard, bimodal metamorphism is primarily dictated by changes in both the thermal state and the dynamic regime along plate boundaries. As a consequence, supercontinent assembly is associated with compressional metamorphism during continental collision, whereas supercontinent breakup is associated with extensional metamorphism during active rifting. Nevertheless, aborted rifts are common at convergent plate boundaries, indicating thinning of the previously thickened lithosphere during the attempted breakup of supercontinents in the history of Earth. Therefore, extreme metamorphism has great bearing not only on reworking of accretionary and collisional orogens for mountain building in continental interiors, but also on supercontinent dynamics in the Wilson cycle.
Identification of seasonal varves in the lower Pliocene Bouse Formation, lower Colorado River Valley, and implications for Colorado Plateau uplift
Authors: Spencer Jon E. , Constenius Kurt N. , Dettman David L. , Domanik Kenneth J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe cause of Cenozoic uplift of the Colorado Plateau is one of the largest remaining problems of Cordilleran tectonics. Difficulty in discriminating between two major classes of uplift mechanisms, one related to lithosphere modification by low-angle subduction and the other related to active mantle processes following termination of subduction, is hampered by lack of evidence for the timing of uplift. The carbonate member of the Pliocene Bouse Formation in the lower Colorado River Valley southwest of the Colorado Plateau has been interpreted as estuarine, in which case its modern elevation of up to 330 m above sea level would be important evidence for late Cenozoic uplift. The carbonate member includes laminated marl and claystone interpreted previously in at least one locality as tidal, which is therefore of marine origin. We analyzed lamination mineralogy, oxygen and carbon isotopes, and thickness variations to discriminate between a tidal versus seasonal origin. Oxygen and carbon isotopic analysis of two laminated carbonate samples shows an alternating pattern of lower δ18O and δ13C associated with micrite and slightly higher δ18O and δ13C associated with siltstone, which is consistent with seasonal variation. Covariation of alternating δ18O and δ13C also indicates that post-depositional chemical alteration did not affect these samples. Furthermore, we did not identify any periodic thickness variations suggestive of tidal influence. We conclude that lamination characteristics indicate seasonal genesis in a lake rather than tidal genesis in an estuary and that the laminated Bouse Formation strata provide no constraints on the timing of Colorado Plateau uplift.
Home based rehabilitation after a knee replacement is as effective as physiotherapy
Authors: Saul Helen , Gursul Deniz 
Published: November 2021

The studyBarker KL, Room J, Knight R, et al. Outpatient physiotherapy versus home-based rehabilitation for patients at risk of poor outcomes after knee arthroplasty: CORKA RCT.Health Technol Assess2020;24:1-116.To read the full NIHR Alert, go to:https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/knee-replacements-home-based-rehabilitation-as-effective-physiotherapy/
Phase II, single-arm trial of preoperative short-course radiotherapy followed by chemotherapy and camrelizumab in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Lin Zhenyu , Cai Ming , Zhang Peng , Li Gang , Liu Tao , Li Xin , Cai Kailin , Nie Xiu , Wang Jing , Liu Junli , Liu Hongli , Zhang Weikang , Gao Jingbo , Wu Chuanqing , Wang Linfang , Fan Jun , Zhang Lan , Wang Zheng , Hou Zhiguo , Ma Chi , Yang Kunyu , Wu Gang , Tao Kaixiong , Zhang Tao 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundIn locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), preoperative short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) with delayed surgery has been shown to be as effective as long-course chemoradiotherapy, with only modest benefits. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative SCRT combined with subsequent CAPOX (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) and the anti-PD-1 antibody camrelizumab in patients with LARC.MethodsThis was a prospective, single-arm, phase II trial. Treatment-naïve patients with histologically confirmed T3-4N0M0 or T1-4N+M0 rectal adenocarcinoma received 5×5 Gy SCRT with two subsequent 21-day cycles of CAPOX plus camrelizumab after 1 week, followed by radical surgery after 1 week. The primary endpoint was pathological complete response (pCR) rate. Biomarker analysis was performed to identify a potential predictor of pCR to treatment.ResultsFrom November 7, 2019 to September 14, 2020, 30 patients were enrolled, and 27 patients received at least one dose of CAPOX plus camrelizumab. Surgery was performed in 27 (100%) patients. The pCR (ypT0N0) rate was 48.1% (13/27), including 46.2% (12/26) for proficient mismatch repair (MMR) tumors and 100% (1/1) for deficient MMR tumors. Immune-related adverse events were all grade 1–2, with the most common being reactive cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (81.5%). No grade 4/5 adverse events occurred. Biomarker analysis showed patients without FGFR1–3 deletions had a better tendency for pCR.ConclusionsSCRT combined with subsequent CAPOX plus camrelizumab followed by delayed surgery showed a favorable pCR rate with good tolerance in patients with LARC, especially in the proficient MMR setting. A randomized controlled trial is ongoing to confirm these results.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT04231552.
Desiccation Keratitis
Authors: Ayoub J. E. M 
Published: November 2021

Summary(1) Temporary damage has been caused to the eyes of soldiers serving in the North African desert. The site is the corneal epithelium and the condition is transient.(2) Discomfort, photophobia and impairment of vision are the outstanding symptoms.(3) It is probable that the cause is drying of the corneal epithelium by a hot, dry wind which causes excessive evaporation of the lachrymal secretion over the exposed area of the cornea.(4) The suggestion is put forward that corneal damage ascribed to snow-blindness is really caused, certainly in part, by desiccation and perhaps also freezing of the corneal epithelium and not by excessive ultra-violet light reflections.(5) The condition could be prevented by the wearing of goggles.(6) The name Desiccation Keratitis is suggested for the condition.