bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of planting date, row spacing, and reduced herbicide inputs on peanut canopy and sicklepod growth
Authors: Kharel Prasanna , Devkota Pratap , Macdonald Gregory E. , Tillman Barry L. , Mulvaney Michael J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSicklepod [Senna obtusifolia (L.)] is one of the most problematic weed species for peanut production in the southeastern USA. A two‐year study was conducted to evaluate the influence of peanut planting date and row spacing on sicklepod growth. Planting date was the main plot factor with early (early May), mid‐ (mid‐May), or late (early June) timings. Row spacing was the subplot factor with single row and twin rows at 13, 18, or 23 cm. For minimal herbicide use, pendimethalin was applied at peanut planting and 2,4‐DB was applied at 6 wk after planting. Peanut on twin rows at 18 and 23 cm achieved canopy closure 2 wk earlier than the single or the 13‐cm twin‐row. In 2019, sicklepod height was similar across all planting dates, while in 2020 height decreased in the order of late > mid > early planting. Sicklepod biomass in early planting was greater compared with mid and late planting in 2019, whereas biomass was greater in late planting compared with early and mid‐planting in 2020. Peanut yield was 50% greater in early and mid‐planting compared with late planting in 2019, while yield was 18% lower in the single row compared with the twin rows in 2020. The differences between the two years were attributed to greater humidity and heavy rainfall during 2020 (137 cm) compared with the 2019 (77 cm) season. We conclude that peanut planted on 18‐ or 23‐cm twin rows during the mid‐planting date has the potential to maintain yield and suppress sicklepod.
Some cases of hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome may be rooted in mast cell activation syndrome
Authors: Afrin Lawrence B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (hEDS) is the most common type of EDS, yet has remained steadfastly inscrutable vis‐à‐vis efforts to identify its cellular, molecular, and pathophysiologic roots. Once thought to principally affect just connective tissues, hEDS is now appreciated to be a multisystem disease of great heterogeneity with many symptoms and findings difficult to attribute solely to disordered connective tissue development. In the last decade, there has been growth in the appreciation of the existence of a wide range of disorders of chronic inappropriate mast cell (MC) activation (a large heterogeneous pool of MC activation syndromes [MCAS]) distinguishable from other MC disorders such as rare neoplastic mastocytosis. Via chronic aberrant release of the MC's vast repertoire of potent mediators, MCAS can drive extraordinary arrays of pathologies, most commonly of inflammatory, allergic, and dystrophic natures. Although hEDS is seen in only a minority of MCAS cases, limited studies have identified an association between hEDS and MCAS, fueling speculation that certain variants of MCAS may drive hEDS. No laboratory studies probing cellular or molecular linkages between hEDS and MCAS have been conducted yet, and research efforts to identify the genetic roots of hEDS should also consider those of MCAS.
Synthesis of Novel Hexaazaisowurtzitane Cages to Access CL‐20
Authors: Aravindu Pampuram , Rani Karike Durga , Shaik Abdul Munaf , Kommu Nagarjuna , Rao Vepa Kameswara 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA novel hexacyclopropylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HCPIW) and hexacyclobutylhexaazaisowurtzitane (HCBIW) cage compounds were synthesized using a straightforward method by reacting glyoxal with the corresponding cycloalkylamines such as cyclopropylamine and cyclobutylamine in the presence of a catalytic amount of an acid. The obtained compounds were characterized in detail by spectroscopic and X‐ray diffraction analyses. HCPIW and HCBIW with 99% and 98% purity were obtained without column chromatography. Nitration of HCPIW with H2SO4/HNO3 in dichloromethane solvent successfully afforded CL‐20, high energy propellant and explosive in 25% yield.
Interlayer‐Expanded MoS2 Containing Structural Water with Enhanced Magnesium Diffusion Kinetics and Durability
Authors: Wu Canlong , Zhang Li , Zhao Guangyu , Yu Xianbo , Liu Chao , He Junjie , Sun Kening , Zhang Naiqing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOne obstacle that hinders the development of rechargeable magnesium batteries (RMBs) is the limited selection of cathode materials with decent Mg diffusion kinetics due to the highly polarizing nature of divalent Mg2+. To promote Mg2+ diffusion kinetics, water molecules (H2O) are incorporated into the gaps of MoS2 with enlarged interlayer spacing through an electrochemically assisted method. Owing to the charge shielding effect of crystal H2O, the electrostatic interaction between Mg2+ and host frameworks is weakened, thus hydrous MoS2 (H−MoS2) delivers a Mg diffusion rate three times faster than that of MoS2 before hydration. The facilitated Mg diffusion kinetics in H−MoS2 ensure a high capacity of 190.3 mAh g−1 at 20 mA g−1, accompanied by excellent rate performance (75.1 mAh g−1 retains at 500 mA g−1). Additionally, crystal H2O plays the role of pillars, endowing that the layered structure of H−MoS2 retains stable during repetitive Mg intercalation, thus 91.2 % of initial capacity is retained after 300 cycles.
Decoupling Proton and Cation Contributions to Capacitive Charge Storage in Birnessite in Aqueous Electrolytes
Authors: Saeed Saeed , Fortunato Jenelle , Ganeshan Karthik , van Duin Adri C. T. , Augustyn Veronica 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNanostructured birnessite is of interest as an electrode material for aqueous high power electrochemical energy storage as well as desalination devices. In neutral pH aqueous electrolytes, birnessite exhibits a capacitive response attributed to the adsorption of cations and protons at the outer surface and within the hydrated interlayer. Here, we utilize the understanding of proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) in buffered electrolytes to decouple the role of protons and cations in the capacitive charge storage mechanism of birnessite at neutral pH. We find that without buffer, birnessite exhibits primarily potential‐independent (capacitive) behavior with excellent cycling stability. Upon the addition of buffer, the capacity initially increases and the cyclic voltammograms become more potential‐dependent, features attributed to the presence of PCET with the birnessite. However, long‐term cycling in the buffered electrolyte leads to significant capacity fade and dissolution, which is corroborated through ex situ characterization. ReaxFF atomistic scale simulations support the observations that proton adsorption leads to birnessite degradation and that capacitive charge storage in birnessite is primarily attributed to cation adsorption at the outer surface and within the interlayer.
Physical parameters identification for full‐scale ten‐story reinforced concrete building with degrading tri‐linear model by modal iterative error correction method
Authors: Uesaka Takuya , Nabeshima Kunihiko , Nakamura Naohiro , Suzuki Takuya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo assess the post‐earthquake seismic safety of buildings, it is crucial to predict seismic response, and it is necessary to set the appropriate physical parameters of the response analysis model. Numerous methods have been proposed to identify physical parameters. However, most of them are limited to linear systems, and previous researches on nonlinear systems have difficulties in practical applications. In this paper, a nonlinear response analysis model is identified for a full‐scale ten‐story reinforced concrete building with the degrading tri‐linear stiffness model by the modal iterative error correction (MIEC) method, and the accuracy of this technique is discussed by comparing with the shaking table test.
Nutritional outcomes in patients undergoing transoral robotic surgery for head and neck cancers compared to conventional open surgery. Systematic review
Authors: Anakapu Kimberley , Wilson Michael , Findlay Merran , Brown Teresa , Bauer Judith 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis systematic review examined nutritional outcomes in patients undergoing transoral robotic surgery (TORS), compared to open surgery (OS) for head and neck cancer. PUBMED, CINAHL, and Web of Science were systematically reviewed. Target nutritional outcomes included: weight, nutritional status, use of enteral feeding, swallowing function/ability, and time to oral diet. Risk of bias was assessed using the risk of bias in non‐randomized studies tool, and certainty of evidence was assessed using grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE). Eight studies were included (total n = 608). Compared to OS, TORS probably reduces short‐ and long‐term enteral feeding use or duration (GRADE “moderate” certainty), may reduce time to full swallow ability (GRADE “low” certainty), but it remains uncertain whether TORS reduces long‐term patient reported swallowing function or time to oral feeding (GRADE “very‐low” certainty). No studies examined nutritional status or weight. There is limited body of evidence examining nutrition outcomes following TORS. Further studies are warranted, which may improve the certainty of evidence and assist in determining the optimal nutrition care for these patients.
Pandemic promises: Interrogating espoused data‐informed decision‐making
Authors: Breslin James D. , Lawson‐Harris Tara , Hawkins Beck , Elkins Becki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe depths of the impact of COVID‐19 on nearly every aspect of our personal and professional lives was becoming painfully clear in May and June of 2020. While institutions of higher education had implemented crisis/emergency plans in the immediate onset of the pandemic, and largely extended those efforts into summer terms, the fall 2020 term loomed large. Institutional researchers were asked for myriad kinds of data and reports, ostensibly to inform executive leaders’ decision‐making regarding how to operate for the fall term. On its face, this fits with the current conceptualization of IR's work largely as decision support. Despite these requests, however, the question remains as to what was really driving decision‐making about the fall. This research examined a random, representative sample of public statements regarding fall operations, often released in the name of a president or chancellor, to determine what factors these leaders espoused publicly as informing their fall plans.
Macrophage polarization in vitro and in vivo modified by contact with fragmented chitosan hydrogel
Authors: von Boxberg Ysander , Soares Sylvia , Giraudon Camille , David Laurent , Viallon Maud , Montembault Alexandra , Nothias Fatiha 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe have previously shown that implantation of a fragmented chitosan hydrogel suspension (chitosan‐FPHS) into a traumatic spinal cord lesion in adult rats led to significant axon regrowth and functional recovery, which was associated to a modulation of inflammation. Using an in vitro culture system, we show here that polarization of bone marrow‐derived macrophages is indeed modified by direct contact with chitosan‐FPHS. Reducing the degree of acetylation (DA) and raising the concentration of chitosan (Cp, from 1.5% to 3%), favors macrophage polarization toward anti‐inflammatory subtypes. These latter also migrate and adhere efficiently on low, but not high DA chitosan‐FPHS, both in vitro and in vivo, while inflammatory macrophages rarely invade a chitosan‐FPHS implant in vivo, no matter the DA. Our in vitro model setup should prove a valuable tool for screening diverse biomaterial formulations and combinations thereof for their inflammatory potential prior to implantation in vivo.
Inhibition of boldenone‐induced aggression in rats by curcumin: Targeting TLR4/MyD88/TRAF‐6/NF‐κB pathway
Authors: El‐Shamarka Marwa E. , Eliwa Hesham A. , Ahmed Maha A. E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe illicit abuse of anabolic steroids is associated with brutal aggression, which represents a serious health hazard and social threat. Boldenone is commonly used for doping by athletes and adolescents for esthetic purposes and to enhance performance and endurance during competitions. However, the mechanistic pathways underlying boldenone‐induced behavioral deviations and neuronal toxicity have not yet been elucidated. On the other hand, the natural polyphenol curcumin is appreciated for its relative safety, potent antioxidant activity, and anti‐inflammatory properties. Therefore, the present study was initiated to explore the signaling pathways underlying boldenone‐induced anxiety and aggression in rats, and the protective effects of curcumin. To achieve this aim, male Wistar albino rats were randomly distributed into control, curcumin (100 mg/kg in sesame oil, p.o., once daily), boldenone (5 mg/kg, intramuscular, once weekly), and combination groups. Rats were challenged across the open field, irritability, defensive aggression, and resident‐intruder tests. The prefrontal cortex was used to assess serotonin level, oxidative stress markers, and mRNA expression of myeloid differentiation primary response gene (MyD88), TNFR‐associated factor 6 (TRAF‐6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), protein expression of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), and phosphorylated nuclear factor‐κB transcription factor (NF‐κB p65). Unprecedented, the current results showed that boldenone elicited aggression in rats accompanied by depleted serotonin, enhanced oxidative stress, and exaggerated inflammatory response via upregulation of TLR4/MyD88/TRAF‐6/NF‐κB pathway. Interestingly, curcumin mitigated boldenone‐induced neurobehavioral disturbances in rats, normalized the oxidant/antioxidant balance, and suppressed TLR4/MyD88/TRAF‐6/NF‐κB pathway and its downstream proinflammatory signaling molecules TNF‐α and IL‐1β.
Genistein suppresses ox‐LDL‐elicited oxidative stress and senescence in HUVECs through the SIRT1‐p66shc‐Foxo3a pathways
Authors: Zhang Huaping , Pang Xuefen , Yu Haixia , Zhou Hui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe anti‐senescence function of genistein is related to inhibiting oxidative stress, however, the mechanism has not been clarified. The present study aimed to explore the effects of genistein on oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐induced endothelial senescence and the role of the sirtuin‐1 (SIRT1)—66‐kDa Src homology 2 domain‐containing protein (p66Shc)–forkhead box protein O3 (Foxo3a) pathways in the process. In this paper, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were pretreated with 1000 nM genistein for 30 min and then incubated with 50 mg/L ox‐LDL for another 12 h; meanwhile, the functions of adenovirus‐mediated overexpression of p66shc and small interfering RNA‐mediated silencing of SIRT1 were investigated. Results showed that genistein pretreatment alleviated ox‐LDL‐induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, the levels of oxidatively modified DNA (8‐OHdG) and pai‐1, and the activity of SA‐β‐gal, which was associated with mitigating p66shc. Further studies indicated the inhibitory effect of genistein on p66shc was correlated with suppressing the acetylation and phosphorylation of p66shc, and ameliorating its mitochondrial translocation by activating SIRT1. Moreover, the inactivated p66shc could enhance the activity of Foxo3a via restraining the phosphorylation and triggering nucleus accumulation. The study demonstrates genistein could prevent ox‐LDL‐induced mitochondrial oxidative stress and senescence through the SIRT1–p66shc–Foxo3a pathways.
Coadministration of gallic acid abates zearalenone‐mediated defects in male rat's reproductive function
Authors: Owumi Solomon E. , Bello Samuel A. , Najophe Sarah E. , O. Nwozo Sarah , O. Esan Ifeoluwa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs gallic acid (GA) role in zearalenone (ZEN); mediated reproductive dysfunction has not been studied, we report on GA's effect on reproductive dysfunction in rats treated with ZEN‐100 µg/kg alone, or with GA‐40 mg/kg; for 4 weeks. The mycotoxin ZEN contaminates crops, causing toxicity on ingestion, economic losses, and alters reproductive function. Relative to control, GA reversed ZEN‐induced reduction of rats' testicular function enzymes and reproductive hormones and improved ZEN‐impaired sperm quality. GA significantly (p < 0.05) increased rats antioxidant status, inhibited (p < 0.05) reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and lipid peroxidation levels, and abated (p < 0.05) proinflammatory biomarkers in the examined organs: hypothalamus, testis, and epididymis. Histopathology revealed that GA facilitated the preservation of testicular and epididymal cytoarchitecture significantly altered in rat cohorts treated with ZEN alone. Conclusively, GA protected against ZEN‐induced toxicity in the rats' organs examined, enhanced endogenous antioxidative protective mechanism, and abated proinflammatory responses. GA further averted a decline in circulatory, reproductive enzymes, hormone levels. GA also protected against reproductive tissue damage and improved parameters of sperm functionality.
A method for measuring the experimental resolution of laboratory assays (clinical biochemical, blood count, immunological, and qPCR) to evaluate analytical performance
Authors: Sun Chenxi , Wang Dongxia , Xu Henggui , Yang Guang , Yan Xiaomei , Liu Hui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe measurement method for experimental resolution and related data to evaluate analytical performance is poorly explored in clinical research. We established a method to measure the experimental resolution of clinical tests, including biochemical tests, automatic hematology analyzer methods, immunoassays, chemical experiments, and qPCR, to evaluate their analytical performance.MethodsSerially diluted samples in equal proportions were measured, and correlation analysis was performed between the relative concentration and the measured value. Results were accepted for p ≤ 0.01 of the correlation coefficient. The minimum concentration gradient (eg, 10%) was defined as the experimental resolution. For this method, the smaller the value, the higher the experimental resolution and the better the analytical performance.ResultsThe experimental resolution of the most common biochemical indices reached 10%, with some even reaching 1%. The results of most counting experiments showed experimental resolution up to 10%, whereas the experimental resolution of the classical chemical assays reached 1%. Unexpectedly, the experimental resolution of more sensitive assays, such as immunoassays was only 25% when using the manual method and 10% for qPCR.ConclusionThis study established a method for measuring the experimental resolution of laboratory assays and provides a new index for evaluating the reliability of methods in clinical laboratories.
Examining the production, export, and immediate fate of kelp detritus on open‐coast subtidal reefs in the Northeast Atlantic
Authors: Smale Dan A. , Pessarrodona Albert , King Nathan , Moore Pippa J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKelp forests are highly productive coastal habitats and are emerging as important sources of organic matter for other ecosystems. Although their high rates of productivity and detritus release are expected to lead to substantial export of carbon, few studies have actually quantified rates of export or the persistence of detritus. We addressed this in eight subtidal kelp forests (Laminaria hyperborea) spanning the length (9° of latitude) of the United Kingdom. Specifically, we quantified detritus production, retention/export from source and adjacent habitats, and in situ decomposition rates. Detritus released via both dislodgment of whole plants and “May cast” shedding of old growth was highly variable between sites with greatest values recorded in our colder, northern sites. This was attributable to greater plant size biomass in northern regions, rather than plant density or dislodgement rates. On average, the annual production of kelp detritus was 4706 ± 700 g FW m−2 yr−1 or 301 g C m−2 yr−1. Low retention of detritus within the kelp forest and adjacent sedimentary habitats indicated very high rates of export (> 98% across the study). A litterbag experiment showed detritus may take > 4 months to decompose, suggesting great potential for long distance transport. Overall, our findings suggest that L. hyperborea forests export large amounts of detritus subsidies across their range, which can potentially shape the structure of distant benthic communities and constitute a relevant and largely overlooked flux in the coastal carbon cycle, which may represent an important component of natural carbon sequestration.
Generation of Perfect Vortex Beams by Dielectric Geometric Metasurface for Visible Light
Authors: Zhou Qianwei , Liu Mingze , Zhu Wenqi , Chen Lu , Ren Yongze , Lezec Henri J. , Lu Yanqing , Agrawal Amit , Xu Ting 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA perfect vortex beam (PVB) is a propagating optical field carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) with a radial intensity profile that is independent of topological charge. PVBs can be generated through the Fourier transform of a Bessel–Gaussian beam, which typically requires a well‐aligned optical setup consisting of a spiral phase plate, an axion, and a lens. Here, based on a single‐layer dielectric metasurface, the broadband generation of PVBs across the entire visible spectrum is demonstrated. The metasurface is composed of TiO2 nanopillars acting as deep‐subwavelength half‐waveplates, and able to provide the desired geometric phase profile to an incident circularly polarized light for the generation of PVBs. Through rigorous optimization of the nanopillars’ structural parameters, the authors experimentally generate vortex beams carrying OAM with different topological charges that exhibit constant radial intensity profiles, verifying their “perfect” characteristics. Furthermore, it is also demonstrated that the ellipticity and diameter of a PVB can be simultaneously controlled by adjusting the structural parameters of the metasurface, which further increases the flexibility in their design. These results open a new route towards creating ultra‐compact, flat, multifunctional nanophotonic platforms for efficient generation of structured light beams.