bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the potency of greenhouse gas emission from manure management through anaerobic digester in Central Java
Authors: Sarah  , Susilawati H L , Pramono A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Indonesia has committed to reduce 29% of national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by its own efforts and 41% with international support by 2030. The livestock releases methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from enteric fermentation and manure management. The anaerobic digester can capture CH4 emission from manure and it can be used for bio-energy to replace LPG and kerosene. This study aims to estimate GHG emission from manure management and its reductions through anaerobic digestion in Central Java Province during 2010–2015. The data were collected through questionnaire surveys, interviews, and institutional data collections. GHG emissions from livestock and its mitigation were estimated using the IPCC 2006 Tier 1 method. The results showed that Central Java has GHG emission from the livestock of 1,546.26, 1,658.38, 1,775.99, 1,708.46, 1,745.37, and 1,817.52 Gg CO2 from 2010 to 2015, respectively. The anaerobic digestion avoided CH4 emission approximately 11.55 - 117.43 Gg CO2 per year. Methane avoidance could substitute the energy around 0.50 - 5.08 Gg CO2 per year. Anaerobic digesters are processes that convert cow manure into biogas rich in methane, which can reduce indirectly GHG emissions from animal waste. Manure management through a digester produces biogas that can be used to replace non-renewable energy such as LPG and kerosene.
Comparison of methane production from cattle, buffalo, goat, rabbit, chicken, and duck manure
Authors: Hidayat C , Widiawati Y , Tiesnamurti B , Pramono A , Krisnan R , Shiddieqy M I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Livestock manure is reported to be one source of methane (CH4) emission. The objective of this study was to measure methane production from several types of livestock manure. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD), with 6 kinds of livestock manure (cow, buffalo, goat, rabbit, chicken, and duck). Each treatment was repeated three times during 8 weeks. The research method used to measure methane production was a closed chamber method, with intervals of 5 minutes. Methane samples were analyzed using gas chromatography. The results of the study showed that during eight weeks of observation, the kinds of livestock manure significantly (p <0.05) affected methane production at weeks 3, 6, 7, and 8. In those weeks, duck manure produced the highest methane production compared to other manure. Total methane gas production during 8 weeks observation which produced by duck manure was 97.99 mg g−1. Meanwhile, the lowest methane produced by rabbit manure (2.70 mg g−1). The study concluded that duck manure produced the highest methane, conversely, rabbit manure produced the lowest methane. The characteristics of fresh manure determine the level of methane production from manure. Making biogas is the best effort in mitigating methane from manure.
Nutrient content and greenhouse gas emissions of goat manure compost processed without and with decomposer
Authors: Puastuti W , Yulistiani D , Widiawati Y 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Processing of livestock manure into compost needs to be done to increase its nutrient availability and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The objective of the study was to evaluate the compost of goat manure processed without and with decomposer on nutrients content and greenhouse gas emissions. Three treatments were Control = 100% manure; C-Dec1 = 85% manure + 15% sawdust + 0,25% urea + 0,25% TSP + 0,25% Decomposer1; C-Dec2 = 85% manure + 15% sawdust + 0,25% urea + 0,25% TSP + 0,25% Decompposer2. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 5 replications. The results showed that application of the two decomposers significantly affected fermentation temperature. The methane gas emitted from C-Dec1 and C-Dec2 compost were 341 and 340 ppm, which were less than control being 623 ppm. However, there was no difference on methane gas emissions between C-Dec1 and C-Dec2 groups. The usage of both decomposers did not significantly affect the N2O gas emissions, compost nutrients contents, and ratio C/N. From this study it can be concluded that goat manure compost processed using decomposer produced less methane gas emissions, while the nutrients content of composts produced from the three groups were similar.
Cropping calendar analysis for dry season 2020 in Indonesia
Authors: Pramudia A , Apriyana Y , Adi S H , Kartiwa B , Suciantini  , Misnawati  , Firda D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Indonesia has various rainfall characteristics that result variations in the initial planting time and cropping patterns. The Integrated Cropping Calendar Information System is a guidance for planting rice, maize, and soybean at the right time with sufficient water availability conditions. This paper aimed to analyse the planting schedule and potential planting area of rice, maize, and soybeans in the dry season 2020 at 7,062 sub-districts in Indonesia. Input data were rainfall prediction, spatial-based ETP, soil water availability, wetland area, and rice cropping index. The stages were the analyses on rainfall, calculating soil water balance, and determining potential planting area. The results illustrated that the mean rainfall intensity and rainfall intensities of <60 and 200-300 mm mo−1 were predicted as the widest rainfall coverages in April-June and July-September. The potential planting areas for rice, maize, and soybean were 5,259,661, 1,263,575, and 559,545 ha, respectively. Rice and maize initial planting periods were mainly in April II-II, while soybean in July III-August. Potential planting area for rice can be expanded to become 6,674,428 ha by applying additional water supply from alternative sources at the potential areas of maize and soybean.
Enteric methane emission and growth rate of three different breeds of beef cattle fed on oil palm frond or grass basal diet
Authors: Yulistiani D , Widiawati Y , Puastuti W , Tiesnamurti B , Hayati S Y 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Enteric methane emission in ruminants is affected by the feed quality. The study aimed to evaluate the performance and enteric methane emission of three beef cattle breeds fed on grass or oil palm frond basal diet. The study used three cattle breed, namely Bali, Ongole crossbred, and PO crossbred. The cattle were fed on grass or oil palm frond (OPF) basal diet and supplemented with concentrate based on palm kernel cake (PKC). Diet was fed in total mixed ration contained 12% crude protein. The study was conducted in a randomized block design in a 3x2 factorial arrangement. Results showed that the growth rate, dry matter digestibility, and enteric methane emission were not affected (P>0.05) by the interaction of cattle breed and basal diet type. No main factor affected (P>0.05) on the parameter observed. The average values of dry matter digestibility, average daily gain (ADG), methane emission, and methane intensity of the cattle were 63.38%, 359 g day−1, 91. L day-1, and 177.32 gCH4 kg ADG−1, respectively. The study indicates that OPF could be used as a basal diet of beef cattle without affecting its performance. Cattle breeds had similar performance either fed on grass or OPF basal diet.
Response of planting methods to rice productivity and greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Susilawati H L , Kartikawati R , Setyanto P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Intensively cultivated rice field is one of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) contributors to the atmosphere. Soil cultivation of Gogorancah or Direct-Seeded Rice (DSR) has been introduced to save water and reduce GHG emissions from rice field because rice plants grow under aerobic condition after seed germination. This study aims to evaluate GHG emissions, yield component and rice yield to different planting methods: Transplanted Rice (TPR) and DSR. The study was carried out at farmer’s field namely D. Waru, Adiwerna and K. Banteng Sub District in Tegal District, Central Java. The closed chamber method with the unit consisted of a cubic chamber (50 × 50 × 100 cm) and a frame base (50 × 50 × 15 cm), and gas chromatography (GC) was used to determine the nitrous oxide (N2O) and CH4 fluxes. The results showed that the DSR increased yield components and reduced CH4 emissions. The DSR could significantly increase grain yield than TPR at D. Waru and K. Banteng approximately 26 and 49%, respectively. The DSR could be an option for reducing global warming potential (GWP) and maintaining rice yield. However, further studies are needed to identify suitable management practices for reducing both CH4 and N2O emissions without any trade-off.
Analysis of monthly rainfall to study planting time of paddy in swamp area
Authors: Firda D , Muslim R Q , Banurea I R , Fauziah D M , Misnawati  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Rainfall is one of the climate factors that strongly affect swampland paddy cultivation regarding its water conditions in the rainy season. The research aimed to identify the paddy planting time in freshwater and tidal swampland based on monthly rainfall. Rainfall data were obtained from Climate Hazards Center Infrared Precipitation with Stations data (CHIRPS) for 20 years (2000 to 2019). Planting area and planting time data were collected from field surveys through interviews with local farmers and agricultural extension agents. This study has conducted a descriptive analysis of harvest area data and annual rainfall rate. The Result showed paddy cultivation in freshwater affected by land typology and monthly rainfall. Planting time of paddy in shallow swamp begin in March or April. In the medium swamp area, planting time starts in June. While planting time in the deep swamp starts in August. In the tidal swamp, paddy cultivation for type C was more affected by rainfall. Local farmers in freshwater swamp plant paddy once a year, while in the tidal swamp, farmer can cultivate crop twice a year, namely paddy and corn.
The resilience of the agricultural system in the midst of the climate change issue in West Kalimantan
Authors: Maharani R S , Prihatmaja H , Karyaatmadja B , Sutedja I G N N , Kanzaki M 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPopulation growth and land management are severe issues in Indonesia as a developing country. This condition leads to the food security problem and creates a high demand for land to become an agricultural area. Meanwhile, Indonesia is known for having two-third of the terrestrial area as forest area and at the same time, the availability of the agricultural area is limited. These opposite issues are creating a phenomenon in forest conversion to become an agricultural area. Due to this situation the agricultural sector is considered as the sector responds for “deforestation- leading-to-climate change” in Indonesia as happened in Labian Village, West Kalimantan. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of an involvement of the forest-dependent- community of Labian Village in the investment program of forest and climate change to combat the deforestation-leading-to-climate change issues through the activities of sustainable agriculture. Based on an explorative study from the five-year project, it is known that sustainable agriculture can be done back-to-back with the mission to avoid encroachment to the forest area. By implementing the participatory land-use planning as a tool of sustainable land management, the community now can maximize the utility from their land and generate sufficient welfare.
Adaptation to and mitigation of climate change in the Bangsri Micro-watershed, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Hairiah K , Prayogo C , Kurniawan S , Sudarto  
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Land use change in the Bangsri sub-catchment of the Brantas basin in East Java during the past three decades has increased both local and global climate vulnerability, by degrading soils and contributing to net greenhouse gas emissions, respectively. Our study aimed to estimate land use change and its impact on net carbon emissions, as well as to formulate strategies for adaptation to and mitigation of climate change downstream of a National park. We analyzed land cover changes from satellite imagery and measured carbon stocks in biomass, necromass and soil (0 to 30 cm) pools. Satellite imagery of land cover in 1994, 2001, 2011 and 2017 showed a decrease in natural forest area and an increase in the area of shrubs, agroforestry, production forests and annual crop land. Net CO2 emission increased from 2.4 to 6.4 Mg ha−1 year−1 in the periods 2001 to 2011 and 2011 to 2017, respectively. Sand mining is the most destructive land use pattern in the area, as it leaves soil profiles stripped of their topsoil. Vulnerability to less reliable rainfall has been addressed by the common creation of small reservoirs and the abundant use of irrigation for vegetables growing under partial shade in the agroforestry zone.
The concentration of enteric methane from cattle fed different fibre level
Authors: Krishna N H , Anggraeny Y N , Mariyono  , Pamungkas D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The study aimed to predict the concentration on cattle’s enteric methane fed with different crude fibre (CF) content. Twenty-four male Bali cattle were fed with three different rations of A (low CF), B (medium CF) and C (high CF). At the end of the study, the rumen fluid was taken at 0 and 3 h after feeding, analysed for partial VFA to predict the concentration of enteric methane formed. The experiment design was a completed randomized design with three treatments and eight replications. Prediction of methane concentration at 0 and 3 h and their increase were not differed among treatments. At 0 h, the predicted methane concentrations of treatments A, B and C (mean ± SEM) were 12.59 ± 0.561 mmol L−1, 9.53 ± 1.737 mmol L−1 and 9.06 ± 1.041 mmol L−1, respectively. While at the 3 h were 16.64 ± 1.19 mmol L−1, 14.2 ± 1.052 mmol L−1 and 16.24 ± 1.495 mmol L−1, respectively. The increasing methane concentration up to 3 h was 42.74 ± 16.895%, 79.39 ± 16.332% and 58.00 ± 11.120%. It was concluded that the difference in fibre ration content had not affected the concentration of methane up to 3 h after feeding.
Space-based drought analysis to support agricultural insurance facing climate change
Authors: Shofiyati R , Takeuchi W , Pasaribu S M , Irawan Y R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The long drought experienced in Indonesia in the past was identified as one of the main factors in the failure of rice production. The application of rice crop insurance was introduced since 2015 to help rice farmers who suffered from farm damage. The claim was increased year by year, with the highest in 2018-2019 (12,253 ha). The main problem associated with the insurance claim is the delay of inspection of the drought-affected land. Meanwhile, various satellite data can provide relevant information more quickly for those affected areas. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential use of satellite data to detect drought to support the rice crop insurance program. Daily and monthly rainfall data derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) and Multifunctional Transport Satellites (MTSAT) were analyzed to identify meteorological drought. Agricultural drought is studied through the character of several indices from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Preliminary results showed that up to 89.45% of the analysis comformed with field conditions. Satellite data has its potential to be utilized in the identification of claims on agricultural insurance which requires information on land damage due to drought.
Estimated time for supply and drainage of water for rice planting in freshwater swampland
Authors: Mayasari V , Hairani A , Sosiawan H , Karolinoerita V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Information about the timing of supply and drainage to the land is important. This aims to minimize crop failure and increase swamp rice productivity. The highest water requirement occurs in the first week of October, namely 1.21 mm day−1, while the lowest water requirement occurs in January III to April week III. In the dry conditions, runoff that occurs 0.04 to 5.71 mm day−1 is estimated to occur on January 1 to May 10 and November 22 to December 31. While the land will require water from 0.06 to 6.31 mm day−1 on May 11 to November 21. In a normal conditions, runoff will occur 0.05 to 12.89 mm day−1, estimated on January 1 to June 13 and October 26 to December 31, and requires a water supply of 0.04 to 4.20 mm day−1 on June 14 to October 25. Meanwhile, in the rainy conditions there will be a runoff of 0.05 to 16.72 mm day−1, estimated to occur on January 1 to July 9 and September 29 to December 31. As well as land will require water of 0.02 to 1.30 mm day−1, is expected to occur on 10 July to 28 September.
Improving productivity of rice yield on tidal swampland using soil amendment
Authors: Alwi M , Yusuf W A , Fahmi A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The main problems faced in the development of acid sulphate soils as agricultural land include: the presence of a pyrite layer, high soil acidity, high metal element solubility, and low nutrient availability. The objective of the paper was to describe the efforts to improve the productivity of acid sulfate soils through the provision of ameliorant. Amelioration is an effort to provide reactive materials into the soil with the aim of improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, so that soil productivity increases. The results showed that the application of ameliorant in the form of straw compost as much as 3.6 t ha−1 in rice cultivation on acid sulphate land reduced the solubility of Al-dd soil up to week 8 and the provision of rock phosphate equivalent to 220 kg P ha−1 could increase available P from 27.14 to 41.15 ppm P, Ca-dd from 0.14 to 0.24 cmol kg−1, and acid sulphate soil pH from 3.42 to 3.63. Al poisoning damages the root system so that plants are susceptible to drought stress and experience nutrient deficiency which results in decreased of rice yields.
Water-saving irrigation management for mung bean in acid soil
Authors: Sosiawan H , Adi S H , Yusuf W A 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIndonesia’s dry agricultural lands development requires support of appropriate water-saving irrigation technology to cope water shortages. Especially for mung bean, irrigation based on crop-water requirement is needed due to the short vegetation phase that water shortages could increase the risk of yield lost. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of irrigation level on the growth and yield of mung bean. This research conducted in acid soil through two factors of completely randomized design in a greenhouse. The first factor was irrigation volume, i.e., 40, 60, 80 and 100% of the crop water requirement, the second factor was mung bean varieties, i.e., Merak and Vima 1, with three replicates respectively. The results showed that drip irrigation increased water use efficiency. Moreover, water requirement for mung bean during the growth period was 320.72 mm, with tolerable water stress just reached up to 80% of the standard water requirement. The response of irrigation water to crop height was shown at 30 Day After Planting (DAP). This research also identified that Vima 1 was significantly responsive and adaptive to water stress, so it has a very good opportunity to be developed on dry land acid soil in Indonesia.
Land characteristics and management for the development of Geragai Agro Techno Park Jambi Province
Authors: Hendri J , Purnamayani R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Geragai Agro Techno Park (ATP), Jambi Province is a pilot area to accelerate agricultural technology transfer. The ATP pilot area is built in a swampland agro-ecosystem which requires optimal land management. The purposes of this study were to identified soil chemical properties at ATP, to build partitioned canals based on hydro-topography and land characteristics, and to contribute to land management at ATP. This study was carried out using a direct survey by observing field conditions, taking and analysing soil samples, interviewing farmers, and conducting a literature study in January - December 2016. Based on the results, the soil fertility rate at ATP was in the low to the moderate category with 80 to 120 cm pyrite layer depth. Based on soil survey, hydro-topographic survey, and land characteristics, it is recommended to build partitioned canals on these lands to prevent pyrite oxidation and maintain water availability during the rainy and dry seasons. With the partitioned canal, Geragai Agro Techno Park can increase the cropping index to 300 with the rice-secondary crop-secondary crop pattern adjusted to farmer preferences.
Effects of peat fires on soil chemical and physical properties: a case study in South Sumatra
Authors: Sulaeman D , Sari E N N , Westhoff T P 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Peat fires have been an annual environmental crisis in Indonesia. In 2015, large parts of the country’s peat were burned, impacting the health, education, and livelihoods of millions of Indonesians. Communities living on peat have practiced the burning of peatlands for a long time as they are convinced that this process will improve soil fertility. However, this assumption is not justified. This study examined the effect of a peat fire in 2019 in South Sumatra by comparing samples taken on an affected and unaffected smallholder oil palm plantation. These samples were analyzed to see the impact of fires on the peat soil. Results show that the ash content increased drastically by 57%. The fires improved the soil pH by 6%. However, the severe peat fires also caused negative impacts on soil fertility by reducing total nitrogen (6%), cation exchange capacity (8%) and soil organic carbon (2%). Furthermore, this study showed that peat fires decrease water retention capacity by 1 to 12 %. Contrary to popular belief among local farmers, this study shows the negative consequences of slash and burn activities on peat chemical and physical properties.
Effectiveness of rice straw with biodecomposer and biofertilizer application in new land clearing in Merauke, Papua
Authors: Wulanningtyas H S , Wulandari S , Sudarsono  , Kasim A , Lestari M S , Baliadi Y 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn order to fulfil rice production, there were new land clearing programs outside Java, including Merauke, Papua. There were several obstacles on rice cultivation in this area such as low soil fertility which has an effect on less optimal production. The objective of the research was to determine the effect of rice straw with biodecomposer and biofertilizer application for improving soil quality in new land clearing in Merauke, Papua. The research design was a split plot with the main factor was fertilizer (with and without rice straw with biodecomposer and biofertilizer application). The sub factor was three kinds rice varieties. The data were collected consist of soil chemical and biological properties, the rice growth and yield components. The results showed the addition of fertilizer did not significantly improved soil quality in new land clearing in Merauke, Papua. On the contrary, biofertilizer affect to seed vigor and viability in the nursery. The fertilizer addition significantly effected on rice growth and yield components, it was suspected by rice varieties having different resistance to pests and diseases and straw as compost will suppress the blast growth through temperature factor during decomposition. The highest yield was reached by Inpari 33 of 8.20 Mg ha−1.