bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mangelernährung bei geriatrischen Patient*innen: Risikofaktor stationäre Langzeitpflege?
Authors: Graeb Fabian , Wolke Reinhold 
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Mangelernährung ist ein nach wie vor herausforderndes Problem in der Krankenhausversorgung, speziell bei geriatrischen Patient*innen. Dennoch findet das Thema in der Praxis nur wenig Beachtung.

Ziel und Methodik
Im Zentrum der vorliegenden Datenanalyse steht die Fragestellung, inwiefern sich der Ernährungsstatus von zuhause lebenden geriatrischen Patient*innen, von in der stationären Pflege lebenden, unterscheidet. Hierfür wurden Daten aus insgesamt 4 Erhebungen (3-mal nutritionDay plus eine zusätzliche Erhebung) zusammengefasst. Es konnten 258 Patient*innen (≥ 65 Jahre) in die Auswertung aufgenommen werden; ein Mangelernährungsrisiko wurde anhand des Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), eine manifeste Mangelernährung anhand der ESPEN-Kriterien festgestellt.

Ergebnisse
Zu Hause leben 86,0 % (n = 222) der Patient*innen, in stationären Pflegeeinrichtungen 14,0 % (n = 36). Die in der stationären Pflege lebenden Patient*innen weisen eine ausgeprägtere Morbidität auf, sichtbar anhand der größeren Anzahl an in der Klinik verbrachten Nächten in den letzten 12 Monaten (Mdn 10,0 vs. 5; p 0,007), der höheren Anzahl der Medikamente (Mdn 9,0 vs. 7,0; p 0,002) sowie stärkeren Einschränkungen beim Gehen (Mdn 3,0 vs. 1,0; p < 0,001). Sie sind signifikant älter (Mdn 86,0 vs. 78,0 Jahre; p < 0,001) und weisen einen tendenziell höheren Anteil manifester Mangelernährung auf (35,7 %; n = 10 vs. 20,1 %; n = 40; p 0,062).

Schlussfolgerung
Sowohl zu Hause als auch in der stationären Langzeitpflege lebende geriatrische Patient*innen weisen einen erheblichen Anteil an Mangelernährung auf. Ein zuverlässig durchgeführtes Screening zu Beginn und im Verlauf des Klinikaufenthaltes ist in jedem Fall dringend erforderlich, da nur so die Betroffenen erkannt werden. Ein regelmäßiges Screening im ambulanten Bereich wie auch der stationären Langzeitpflege ist ebenso erforderlich.
Feasibility study of a diesel-powered hybrid DMU
Authors: Magelli Matteo , Boccardo Giuseppe , Bosso Nicola , Zampieri Nicolò , Farina Pierangelo , Tosetto Andrea , Mocera Francesco , Somà Aurelio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNowadays, the interest in hybrid vehicles is constantly increasing, not only in the automotive sector, but also in other transportation systems, to reduce pollution and emissions and to improve the overall efficiency of the vehicles. Although railway vehicles are typically the most eco-friendly transportation system, since commonly their primary energy source is electricity, they can still gain benefits from hybrid technologies, as many lines worldwide are not electrified. In fact, hybrid solutions allow ICE-powered (internal combustion engine) railway vehicles, such as diesel multiple units (DMUs), to operate in full-electric mode even when the track lacks electrification. The possibility to switch to full electric mode is of paramount importance when the vehicle runs on urban or underground track sections, where low or zero emission levels are required. We conduct the feasibility study of hybridization of an existing DMU vehicle, designed by Blue Engineering S.r.l., running on the Aosta–Torino Italian railway line, which includes a non-electrified urban track section and an electrified underground section. The hybridization is obtained by replacing one of the diesel generators installed on the original vehicle with a battery pack, which ensures the vehicle to operate in full-electric mode to complete its mission profile. The hybridization is also exploited to implement a regenerative braking strategy, which allows an increase in the energetical efficiency of the vehicle up to 18%. This work shows the sizing of the battery pack based on dynamic simulations performed on the Turin underground track section, and the results demonstrate the feasibility of the hybridization process.
Bio-inspired Fog Harvesting Materials: Basic Research and Bionic Potential Applications
Authors: Wan Kui , Gou Xuelian , Guo Zhiguang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWith the explosive growth of the world’s population and the rapid increase in industrial water consumption, the world’s water supply has fallen into crisis. The shortage of fresh water resources has become a global problem, especially in arid regions. In nature, many organisms can collect water from foggy water under harsh conditions, which provides us with inspiration for the development of new functional fog harvesting materials. A large number of bionic special wettable synthetic surfaces are synthesized for water mist collection. In this review, we introduce some water collection phenomena in nature, outline the basic theories of biological water harvesting, and summarize six mechanisms of biological water collection: increased surface wettability, increased water transmission area, long-distance water delivery, water accumulation and storage, condensation promotion, and gravity-driven. Then, the water collection mechanisms of three typical organisms and their synthesis are discussed. And their function, water collection efficiency, new developments in their biomimetic materials are narrated, which are cactus, spider and desert beetles. The study of multiple bionics was inspired by the discovery of Nepenthes’ moist and smooth peristome. The excellent characteristics of a variety of biological water collection structures, combined with each other, are far superior to other single synthetic surfaces. Furthermore, the main problems in the preparation and application of biomimetic fog harvesting materials and the future development trend of materials fog harvesting are prospected.
Power and Responsibility: Royalty and the Performing Arts in Asante-Ghana
Authors: Ampene Kwasi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn all Akan polities, ancestral Black Stools, which belong to the matriclan, are the source of political power and legitimize kingship. Due to the sacred and exclusive nature of stool rituals, Ampene argues that it is the performing arts which define and enhance the power of rulers in the public domain. This ethnographic narrative of the 2014 Grand Worship provides a rare opportunity for the performing arts to project the power and responsibility of the Asantehene when he participates in musical performances and dances.
Association between antibiotic prescribing and visit duration among patients with respiratory tract infections
Authors: Shapiro Daniel J. , King Laura M. , Tsay Sharon V. , Hicks Lauri A. , Hersh Adam L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTime constraints have been suggested as a potential driver of antibiotic overuse for acute respiratory tract infections. In this cross-sectional analysis of national data from visits to offices and emergency departments, we identified no statistically significant association between antibiotic prescribing and the duration of visits for acute respiratory tract infections.
Offenbach, Pépito and the Théâtre des Variétés: Politics and Genre in the First Year of the Second Empire
Authors: Sherr Richard 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOffenbach's first commercially performed dramatic work, the opéra comique Pépito, premiered in Paris at the Théâtre des Variétés on 28 October 1853. This article examines it from historical and musical perspectives. First, I argue that its production at the Théâtre des Variétés is an example of what Mark Everist has called ‘the politics of genre’, in this case the attempts by managers of Parisian boulevard theatres to circumvent the hierarchical system of genre imposed on them by the government. Offenbach may have been directly complicit by offering an opéra comique to a theatre that was legally not allowed to perform the genre and by supplying a musical element – ‘local colour’ – as part of the political strategy by which the manager of the Variétés sneaked the opéra comique past the authorities. The subterfuge did not work, however: I argue that Pépito was recognised by audiences as an opéra comique primarily through the character of its music. A discussion of the score, and the musical competence of the original cast and orchestra of the Variétés, allows a partial reconstruction of the actual sound of the first performance of Pépito. Finally, I consider the later history of Pépito, and in a postscript suggest that a faint memory of Offenbach's Spanish opéra comique may have resurfaced twenty-two years later when Georges Bizet, who became part of Offenbach's circle in the late 1850s, was composing his own Spanish opéra comique, Carmen.
Snow Water Equivalent Retrieval Using Active and Passive Microwave Observations
Authors: Zhu Jiyue , Tan Shurun , Tsang Leung , Kang Do‐Hyuk , Kim Edward 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper implements a newly developed combined active and passive algorithm for the retrieval of snow water equivalent (SWE) by using three‐channel active and two‐channel passive observations. First, passive microwave observations at 19 and 37 GHz are used to determine the scattering albedo of snow. An a priori scattering albedo is obtained by averaging over time series observations. Second, 13.3 GHz is introduced to formulate a three‐channel (9.6, 13.3, and 17.2 GHz) radar algorithm which reduces effects of background scattering from the snow‐soil interface, and improves SWE retrieval. In the algorithm, the bicontinuous dense media radiative transfer (DMRT‐Bic) is used to compute look‐up tables (LUTs) of both radar backscatter and radiometer brightness temperatures (TBs) of the snowpack. To accelerate the retrieval, a parameterized model is derived from LUT by regression training, which links backscatter to the scattering albedo at 9.6 GHz or 13.3 GHz and to SWE. The volume scattering of snow is obtained by subtracting the background scattering from radar observations. SWE is then retrieved through a cost function that is guided by the a priori scattering albedo obtained from the passive microwave observations. The proposed algorithm, along with the active‐only version, is evaluated against the Finnish Nordic Snow Radar Experiment (NoSREx) data set measured in 2009–2013. The combined active‐passive algorithm achieves root mean square errors (RSME) less than 27 mm and correlation coefficients above 0.68 for 2009–2010, RMSE less than 21 mm and correlation above 0.85 for 2010–2011, and RMSE less than 40 mm and correlation above 0.38 for 2012–2013.
An Ecogeomorphic Framework Coupling Sediment Modeling With Invasive Riparian Vegetation Dynamics
Authors: Gilbert Jordan T. , Wilcox Andrew C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFeedbacks between geomorphic processes and riparian vegetation in river systems are an important control on fluvial morphodynamics and on vegetation composition and distribution. Invasion by nonnative riparian species alters these feedbacks and drives management and restoration along many rivers, highlighting a need for ecogeomorphic models to assist with understanding feedbacks between plants and fluvial processes, and with restoration planning. In this study, we coupled a network‐scale sediment model (Sediment Routing and Floodplain Exchange; SeRFE) that simulates bank erosion and sediment transport in a spatially explicit manner with a recruitment potential analysis for a species of riparian vegetation (Arundo donax) that has invaded river systems and wetlands in Mediterranean climates worldwide. We used the resulting ecogeomorphic framework to understand both network‐scale sediment balances and the spread and recruitment of A. donax in the Santa Clara River watershed of Southern California. In the coupled model, we simulated a 1‐year time period during which a 5‐year recurrence interval flood occurred in the mainstem Santa Clara River. Outputs identify key areas acting as sources of A. donax rhizomes, which are subsequently transported by flood flows and deposited in reaches downstream. These results were validated in three study reaches, where we assessed postflood geomorphic and vegetation changes. The analysis demonstrates how a coupled model approach is able to highlight basin‐scale ecogeomorphic dynamics in a manner that is useful for restoration planning and prioritization and can be adapted to analogous ecogeomorphic questions in other watersheds.
Recurrent neural network-based acute concussion classifier using raw resting state EEG data
Authors: Thanjavur Karun , Babul Arif , Foran Brandon , Bielecki Maya , Gilchrist Adam , Hristopulos Dionissios T. , Brucar Leyla R. , Virji-Babul Naznin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConcussion is a global health concern. Despite its high prevalence, a sound understanding of the mechanisms underlying this type of diffuse brain injury remains elusive. It is, however, well established that concussions cause significant functional deficits; that children and youths are disproportionately affected and have longer recovery time than adults; and that individuals suffering from a concussion are more prone to experience additional concussions, with each successive injury increasing the risk of long term neurological and mental health complications. Currently, the most significant challenge in concussion management is the lack of objective, clinically- accepted, brain-based approaches for determining whether an athlete has suffered a concussion. Here, we report on our efforts to address this challenge. Specifically, we introduce a deep learning long short-term memory (LSTM)-based recurrent neural network that is able to distinguish between non-concussed and acute post-concussed adolescent athletes using only short (i.e. 90 s long) samples of resting state EEG data as input. The athletes were neither required to perform a specific task nor expected to respond to a stimulus during data collection. The acquired EEG data were neither filtered, cleaned of artefacts, nor subjected to explicit feature extraction. The LSTM network was trained and validated using data from 27 male, adolescent athletes with sports related concussion, benchmarked against 35 non-concussed adolescent athletes. During rigorous testing, the classifier consistently identified concussions with an accuracy of > 90% and achieved an ensemble median Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC/AUC) equal to 0.971. This is the first instance of a high-performing classifier that relies only on easy-to-acquire resting state, raw EEG data. Our concussion classifier represents a promising first step towards the development of an easy-to-use, objective, brain-based, automatic classification of concussion at an individual level.
Cholesterol-dependent transcriptome remodeling reveals new insight into the contribution of cholesterol to Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis
Authors: Pawełczyk Jakub , Brzostek Anna , Minias Alina , Płociński Przemysław , Rumijowska-Galewicz Anna , Strapagiel Dominik , Zakrzewska-Czerwińska Jolanta , Dziadek Jarosław 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an obligate human pathogen that can adapt to the various nutrients available during its life cycle. However, in the nutritionally stringent environment of the macrophage phagolysosome, Mtb relies mainly on cholesterol. In previous studies, we demonstrated that Mtb can accumulate and utilize cholesterol as the sole carbon source. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that a lipid-rich environment may have a much broader impact on the pathogenesis of Mtb infection than previously thought. Therefore, we applied high-resolution transcriptome profiling and the construction of various mutants to explore in detail the global effect of cholesterol on the tubercle bacillus metabolism. The results allow re-establishing the complete list of genes potentially involved in cholesterol breakdown. Moreover, we identified the modulatory effect of vitamin B12 on Mtb transcriptome and the novel function of cobalamin in cholesterol metabolite dissipation which explains the probable role of B12 in Mtb virulence. Finally, we demonstrate that a key role of cholesterol in mycobacterial metabolism is not only providing carbon and energy but involves also a transcriptome remodeling program that helps in developing tolerance to the unfavorable host cell environment far before specific stress-inducing phagosomal signals occur.
Monocyte subset distribution and surface expression of HLA-DR and CD14 in patients after cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Asmussen Alexander , Busch Hans-Jörg , Helbing Thomas , Bemtgen Xavier , Smolka Christian , Bode Christoph , Fink Katrin , Grundmann Sebastian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSystemic inflammation is a major feature of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome. The three monocyte subpopulations are thought to play an important role in this inflammatory state because they are endowed with numerous pattern recognition receptors, such as CD14, that have been associated with ischemia–reperfusion injury. By contrast, an exaggerated antiinflammatory response has also been described following cardiac arrest, which may be mediated by downregulation of antigen presentation receptor HLA-DR. We report the composition of monocyte subpopulations and the expression of CD14 and HLA-DR following cardiac arrest. Blood specimens were collected from 32 patients at three timepoints in the first 48 h after cardiac arrest. Monocyte subset composition was determined by flow cytometry based on the expression of CD14, CD16, and HLA-DR. Monocyte subset composition and the expression of CD14 and HLA-DR were correlated with patient outcomes. The results were compared to 19 patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiac arrest patients showed a significant decline in the percentage of nonclassical monocytes. Monocyte CD14 expression was upregulated after 24 h and correlated with the time to return of spontaneous circulation. Downregulation of HLA-DR expression was observed mainly among classical monocytes and significantly correlated with the dose of norepinephrine used to treat shock. Downregulation of HLA-DR among nonclassical and intermediate monocytes was significantly associated with disease severity. Our data demonstrate the disturbance of monocyte subset composition with a significant decline in nonclassical monocytes at an early stage following cardiac arrest. Our findings suggest the simultaneous presence of hyperinflammation, as evidenced by upregulation of CD14, and monocyte deactivation, characterized by downregulation of HLA-DR. The extent of monocyte deactivation was significantly correlated with disease severity.
Structural basis for plazomicin antibiotic action and resistance
Authors: Golkar Tolou , Bassenden Angelia V. , Maiti Krishnagopal , Arya Dev P. , Schmeing T. Martin , Berghuis Albert M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe approval of plazomicin broadened the clinical library of aminoglycosides available for use against emerging bacterial pathogens. Contrarily to other aminoglycosides, resistance to plazomicin is limited; still, instances of resistance have been reported in clinical settings. Here, we present structural insights into the mechanism of plazomicin action and the mechanisms of clinical resistance. The structural data reveal that plazomicin exclusively binds to the 16S ribosomal A site, where it likely interferes with the fidelity of mRNA translation. The unique extensions to the core aminoglycoside scaffold incorporated into the structure of plazomicin do not interfere with ribosome binding, which is analogously seen in the binding of this antibiotic to the AAC(2′)-Ia resistance enzyme. The data provides a structural rationale for resistance conferred by drug acetylation and ribosome methylation, i.e., the two mechanisms of resistance observed clinically. Finally, the crystal structures of plazomicin in complex with both its target and the clinically relevant resistance factor provide a roadmap for next-generation drug development that aims to ameliorate the impact of antibiotic resistance.
Corner states in a second-order mechanical topological insulator
Authors: Chen Chun-Wei , Chaunsali Rajesh , Christensen Johan , Theocharis Georgios , Yang Jinkyu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDemonstration of topological boundary modes in elastic systems has attracted a great deal of attention over the past few years due to its unique protection characteristic. Recently, second-order topological insulators have been proposed in manipulating the topologically protected localized states emerging only at corners. Here, we numerically and experimentally study corner states in a two-dimensional phononic crystal, namely a continuous elastic plate with embedded bolts in a hexagonal pattern. We create interfacial corners by adjoining trivial and non-trivial topological configurations. Due to the rich interaction between the bolts and the continuous elastic plate, we find a variety of corner states of and devoid of topological origin. Strikingly, some of the corner states are not only highly-localized but also tunable. Taking advantage of this property, we experimentally demonstrate asymmetric corner localization in a Z-shaped domain wall. This finding could create interest in exploration of tunable corner states for the use of advanced control of wave localization.
Synthetic Studies on the Viridin Skeleton through Regio- and Stereoselective Functionalization of the AE-Ring Moiety
Authors: Akai Shuji , Hori Shuhei , Ishida Sho , Itoh Go , Sugiyama Koji , Yuki Chiharu , Egi Masahiro , Yahata Kenzo , Ikawa Takashi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract4,5,6,7-Tetrahydroisobenzofurans, corresponding to the AC(D)E ring structure of viridin and equipped with required substituents on the A-ring, were synthesized with high regio- and stereoselectivities via the Diels–Alder adduct of a furan derivative and maleic anhydride. The key steps of this work include the regioselective opening of a tetrahydrofuran ring, a stereoselective epoxidation, and an AlMe3-mediated regioselective epoxide opening followed by stereoselective C-methylation.
Linking electoral realignment to welfare politics: an assessment of partisan effects on active labour market policy in post-industrial democracies
Authors: Hieda Takeshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examines the political determinants of the variations in active labour market policies across advanced democracies. Specifically, it investigates the conditions under which a welfare state accommodates rather than disregards the interests of labour market outsiders. Relying on the literature on post-industrial electoral realignment, this article argues that ideological orientations not only in socio-economic but also in sociocultural dimensions dictate the policy preferences of political parties for labour market programmes. This study then hypothesizes that libertarian governments are more likely than authoritarian governments to support human capital formation of labour market outsiders. An analysis of cabinet-based periodization data of 21 advanced industrialized countries from 1985 to 2017 shows that left- and right-libertarian governments favour public spending on active labour market programmes, thereby supporting this study’s hypothesis. Furthermore, it also reveals that while left-libertarian governments increase expenditures for direct job creation schemes, right-libertarian ones do so for employment assistance and training programmes.