bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fitness selection of hyperfusogenic measles virus F proteins associated with neuropathogenic phenotypes
Authors: Ikegame Satoshi , Hashiguchi Takao , Hung Chuan-Tien , Dobrindt Kristina , Brennand Kristen J. , Takeda Makoto , Lee Benhur 
Published: April 2021

Significance
Measles remains a major cause of infant death globally. On rare occasions, measles virus infection of the central nervous system (CNS) leads to a fatal progressive inflammation of the brain many years after the initial infection. MeV isolates from such CNS infections harbors fusion (F) protein mutations that result in a hyperfusogenic phenotype. The small number of hyperfusogenic MeV-F mutants identified thus far limits our ability to understand how these mutations are selected in the context of CNS infections. We performed a saturating mutagenesis screen of MeV-F to identify a large set of mutants that would mimic the hyperfusogenic phenotype of MeV-F in CNS infections. Characterization of these mutants shed light on other paramyxoviruses known to establish chronic CNS infections.
Di-Higgs production as a probe of flavor changing neutral Yukawa couplings
Authors: He Shi-Ping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Top partners are well motivated in many new physics models. Usually, vector like quarks,

, are introduced to circumvent the quantum anomaly. Therefore, it is crucial to probe their interactions with standard model particles. However, flavor changing neutral couplings are always difficult to detect directly in current and future experiments. In this paper, we demonstrate how to constrain the flavor changing neutral Yukawa coupling

indirectly, via the di-Higgs production. We consider the simplified model, including a pair of gauge singlet

. Under the perturbative unitarity and experimental constraints, we select

, and

as benchmark points. After the analysis on the amplitude and evaluation of the numerical cross sections, we infer that the present constraints from di-Higgs production have already surpassed the unitarity bound because of the

behavior. For the case of

and

,

and

can be bounded optimally in the range

at the HL-LHC with

CL. For the case of

and

,

and

can be bounded optimally in the range

at the HL-LHC with

CL. The anomalous triple Higgs coupling

can also affect the constraints on

. Finally, we determine that the top quark electric dipole moment can provide stronger

bounds in the off-axis regions for some scenarios.
Effects of 4-bromoaniline and pentylamine compounds on the stress corrosion cracking of mild steel and brass in dilute electrolyte solutions
Authors: Loto Roland T. , Loto Cleophas A. , Akinkunmi Abdurrahman 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe inhibition effect of 4-bromoaniline (4BA), pentylamine (PTL) and their combined admixture on the stress corrosion behaviour of mild steel and brass in 0.5 M and 0.3 M H2SO4and NH4OH solution was studied through open circuit potential measurement and visual observation. The experiment was performed at 90% stress level for optimal results. Results obtained showed that the inhibitor compounds generally influenced the thermodynamic tendency of the alloys to corrode, delayed the onset of crack formation and specimen failure in the electrolytes. The combined admixture of 4BA and PTL performed most effectively in the both acid solutions, increasing the corrosion potential to -0.391 V and -0.281 V compared to the corresponding values obtained in the control acid solutions at -0.446 V and -0.451 V. 4BA performed most effectively in NH4OH solutions with corrosion potential values of -0.743 at 504 h. Visual observation of the metallic alloys shows crack initiated on mild steel in both acids without inhibitor addition at 72 h of exposure and specimen failure occurred at 216 h. The corresponding observation for brass in 0.5 M NH4OH solution showed crack initiated at 144 h before failure at 360 h. In 0.3M NH4OH, crack initiation and failure occurred at 216 h and 504 h respectively. The admixture of 4BA and PTL delayed crack initiation on mild steel to 216 h and no specimen failure was observed at 504 h. 4BA delayed the onset of crack formation on brass in 0.5 M and 0.3 M NH4OH solution to 216 h and 288h. However, failure occurred at 432 h in 0.5 M NH4OH compared to no failure at 504 h of exposure in 0.3 M NH4OH solution.
Mathematical modeling of the moisture ratio during drying of Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) in a hot air dryer
Authors: Ojediran J.O. , Okonkwo C.E. , Olaniran A.F. , Olayanju T.A. , Adewumi A.D. , Oluwakemi Erinle , Alhassan E.A. , Idahosa E.O. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDrying is one of the major unit operation in food industry and it kinetics data is required for optimization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of air temperature (50, 60, and 70°C), air velocity (0.5, 1, and 1.5 m/s), and slice thickness (3, 6, and 9 mm) on the moisture ratio of yam slice during drying. Ten (10) different empirical models were used in fitting the experimental moisture ratio data, the prediction performance was evaluated with sum of square error (SSE), coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE). The model fitting shows that the Two term model was most performed based on R2, SSE, and RMSE value. This result can be use to control the drying systems for yam slice.
Long reads capture simultaneous enhancer–promoter methylation status for cell-type deconvolution
Authors: Margalit Sapir , Abramson Yotam , Sharim Hila , Manber Zohar , Bhattacharya Surajit , Chen Yi-Wen , Vilain Eric , Barseghyan Hayk , Elkon Ran , Sharan Roded , Ebenstein Yuval 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Motivation
While promoter methylation is associated with reinforcing fundamental tissue identities, the methylation status of distant enhancers was shown by genome-wide association studies to be a powerful determinant of cell-state and cancer. With recent availability of long reads that report on the methylation status of enhancer–promoter pairs on the same molecule, we hypothesized that probing these pairs on the single-molecule level may serve the basis for detection of rare cancerous transformations in a given cell population. We explore various analysis approaches for deconvolving cell-type mixtures based on their genome-wide enhancer–promoter methylation profiles.

Results
To evaluate our hypothesis we examine long-read optical methylome data for the GM12878 cell line and myoblast cell lines from two donors. We identified over 100 000 enhancer–promoter pairs that co-exist on at least 30 individual DNA molecules. We developed a detailed methodology for mixture deconvolution and applied it to estimate the proportional cell compositions in synthetic mixtures. Analysis of promoter methylation, as well as enhancer–promoter pairwise methylation, resulted in very accurate estimates. In addition, we show that pairwise methylation analysis can be generalized from deconvolving different cell types to subtle scenarios where one wishes to resolve different cell populations of the same cell-type.

Availability and implementation
The code used in this work to analyze single-molecule Bionano Genomics optical maps is available via the GitHub repository https://github.com/ebensteinLab/Single_molecule_methylation_in_EP.
Convergent patterns of adaptive radiation between island and mainlandAnolislizards
Authors: Huie Jonathan M , Prates Ivan , Bell Rayna C , de Queiroz Kevin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractUncovering convergent and divergent patterns of diversification is a major goal of evolutionary biology. On four Greater Antillean islands, Anolis lizards have convergently evolved sets of species with similar ecologies and morphologies (ecomorphs). However, it is unclear whether closely related anoles from Central and South America exhibit similar patterns of diversification. We generated an extensive morphological data set to test whether mainland Draconura-clade anoles are assignable to the Caribbean ecomorphs. Based on a new classification framework that accounts for different degrees of morphological support, we found morphological evidence for mainland representatives of all six Caribbean ecomorphs and evidence that many ecomorphs have also evolved repeatedly on the mainland. We also found strong evidence that ground-dwelling anoles from both the Caribbean and the mainland constitute a new and distinct ecomorph class. Beyond the ecomorph concept, we show that the island and mainland anole faunas exhibit exceptional morphological convergence, suggesting that they are more similar than previously understood. However, the island and mainland radiations are not identical, indicating that regional differences and historical contingencies can lead to replicate yet variable radiations. More broadly, our findings suggest that replicated radiations occur beyond island settings more often than previously recognized.
Dementia-Friendliness in Danish and International Contexts: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Hansen Tania E A , Praestegaard Jeanette , Tjørnhøj-Thomsen Tine , Andresen Mette , Nørgaard Birgitte 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesInitiatives to create dementia-friendly environments are subject to political attention all over the world. As the interpretation of dementia-friendliness is influenced by current cultural trends, the concept is highly ambiguous. The present study aims to explore how discourses concerning dementia-friendliness are manifested in Danish and international policy documents and how they interact internationally.Research Design and MethodsInspired by Fairclough’s critical discourse approach, 21 policy documents were analyzed to reveal how power is exerted through language and the discursive construction.ResultsWe identified 5 types of discourses, namely, those concerning the domains of socioeconomy, rehabilitation, knowledge, responsibility, and a good life. Dementia-friendliness was found to be embedded in an overall ideology aimed toward supporting the individual’s autonomy in life and health choices and their participation in society.Discussion and ImplicationsOur analysis furthermore suggests that dementia-friendly initiatives are used collectively as a lever to achieve these policy aims to ultimately compensate for and protect people with dementia against the consequences of the loss of competencies, identity, and control. Thus, to develop and establish sustainable dementia-friendly environments and communities that meet the needs of people living with dementia, we need to be aware of and discuss the implications of the discourses constructing dementia-friendliness and their influence on the appearance of dementia-friendliness in society.
Pushing Past the Tipping Point: Can the Inter-American System Accommodate Abortion Rights?
Authors: Palacios Zuloaga Patricia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
While anti-abortion activists have been successful in pushing to restrict access to abortion across the USA, reproductive rights activists have been mobilizing across Latin America to push for the easement of strict anti-abortion policies. These opposing directions of travel have renewed interest in which human rights arguments would best support the expansion of access to abortion in Latin America. To date, progress in this area has mostly relied on understanding that the prohibition of cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment requires states to allow abortions in the direst of circumstances. However, the vast majority of women in the region who seek abortions do not qualify for the small exemptions contained in the law. Activists looking to expand abortion provisions beyond the cruelty paradigm therefore need to find arguments that can stand firm in a generally conservative Latin American region. In this search, the Inter-American System could, somewhat surprisingly, provide keys to constructing a new discourse surrounding reproductive rights based on a nuanced understanding of structural discrimination and a willingness to visibilise the suffering of women.
The Global Trust Deficit Disorder: A Communications Perspective on Trust in the Time of Global Pandemics
Authors: Flew Terry 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There has been much discussion worldwide about the crisis of trust, with evidence of declining trust in social, economic, political and media institutions. The rise of populism, and the differing impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic between nations, has been drawing attention to wider implications of pervasive distrust, including distrust of the media. In this article, I develop three propositions. First, I identify trust studies as a rich interdisciplinary field, linking communication to other branches of the social sciences and humanities. Second, I argue that we lack a comprehensive account of how trust has been understood in communication, and that doing so requires integrating macro-societal approaches with the “meso” level of institutions, and the “micro” level of interpersonal communication. Third, I propose that a focus upon trust would open up new perspectives on two important topics—the future of news media and journalism, and the global rise of populism.
Secondary cancer risk from modern external-beam radiotherapy of prostate cancer patients: Impact of fractionation and dose distribution
Authors: Sitathanee Chomporn , Tangboonduangjit Puangpen , Dhanachai Mantana , Suntiwong Sawanee , Yongvithisatid Pornpan , Rutchantuk Sukanya , Changkaew Pimolpun , Watjiranon Rattana , Khachonkham Suphalak , Boonkitticharoen Vipa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Modern radiotherapy (RT) uses altered fractionation, long beam-on time and image-guided procedure. This study aimed to compare secondary cancer risk (SCR) associated with primary field, scatter/leakage radiations and image-guided procedure in prostate treatment using intensity-modulated RT (IMRT), CyberKnife stereotactic body RT (CK-SBRT) in relative to 3-dimensional conformal RT (3D-CRT). Prostate plans were generated for 3D-CRT, IMRT (39 fractions of 2 Gy), and CK-SBRT (five fractions of 7.25 Gy). Excess absolute risk (EAR) was calculated for organs in the primary field using Schneider’s mechanistic model and concept of organ equivalent dose (OED) to account for dose inhomogeneity. Doses from image-guided procedure and scatter/leakage radiations were determined by phantom measurements. The results showed that hypofractionation relative to conventional fractionation yielded lower SCR for organs in primary field (p ≤ 0.0001). SCR was further modulated by dose-volume distribution. For organs near the field edge, like the rectum and pelvic bone, CK-SBRT plan rendered better risk profiles than IMRT and 3D-CRT because of the absence of volume peak in high dose region (relative risk [RR]: 0.65, 0.22, respectively, p ≤ 0.0004). CK-SBRT and IMRT generated more scatter/leakage and imaging doses than 3D-CRT (p ≤ 0.0002). But primary field was the major contributor to SCR. EAR estimates (risk contributions, primary field: scatter/leakage radiations: imaging procedure) were 7.1 excess cases per 104 person–year (PY; 3.64:2.25:1) for CK-SBRT, 9.93 (7.32:2.33:1) for IMRT and 8.24 (15.99:2.35:1) for 3D-CRT (p ≤ 0.0002). We conclude that modern RT added more but small SCR from scatter/leakage and imaging doses. The primary field is a major contributor of risk which can be mitigated by the use of hypofractionation.
The Concept of the ‘Good Refugee’ in Cambodian and Hazara Refugee Narratives and Self-Representation
Authors: Hetz Heidi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Much research has focused on the damaging impact of Australian asylum seeker policies, and numerous studies have analysed the hostile discourses that have accompanied them. However, there has been very limited research that has offered a comprehensive analysis of the impact of these asylum seeker discourses upon individual refugees and asylum seekers. This article draws on the narrative analysis of in-depth interviews with Cambodian and Hazara refugees to explore how these discourses influence their storytelling about the refugee experience. The concept of the ‘good refugee’ emerged as a prominent theme. The participants mostly tell stories that comply with this concept to overcome their demonization in asylum seeker discourses and to find acceptance and belonging in Australia. The concept of the ‘good refugee’ is evident in the participants’ self-representation, their reluctance to use their political voice, and in the gaps and silences in their stories. Continued efforts are needed to challenge the concept of the ‘good refugee’ as it silences refugees and asylum seekers and undermines belonging.
What if the Dead Are Never Really Dead?
Authors: Harrison Victoria S 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper argues for the value of the ‘strange’ as a hermeneutical tool to open fresh perspectives on an issue of widespread human concern, specifically how to deal with and relate to the dead. Traditional Chinese folk religion and the animistic ghost culture found within it is introduced and the role of gods, ancestors, and ghosts explained. The view that death is not the end of life but the transition to a new relationship with the living raises questions about our potential obligations to the dead. It also has implications for our thinking about intergenerational justice and the role of our memory of the past in shaping our present and future experience.
Detection of Free Toxin B in the Stool of Asymptomatic Clostridioides difficile Carriers by the Cell Cytotoxicity Neutralization Assay
Authors: Schweitzer Lorne , Gervais Phillippe , Paquet-Bolduc Bianka , Loo Vivian G , Longtin Yves 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cell cytotoxicity neutralization assay (CCNA) is considered to be a gold standard to diagnose Clostridioides difficile infections. We performed CCNA on 77 consecutive admission screening rectal swabs from asymptomatic toxigenic C. difficile carriers. Thirty-nine percent of specimens from asymptomatic carriers were positive. Thus, CCNA specificity may be lower than previously thought.
O17 Effectiveness of rituximab in the treatment of neuro-psychiatric SLE: results from the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Biologics Register
Authors: David Trixy , Hum Ryan Malcolm , Sutton Emily , Parker Benjamin , McCarthy Eoghan , Bruce Ian N ,   The British Isles Lupus Assessment Group
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background/Aims
Neuro-psychiatric (NP) involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can occur in 56.3% cases. Rituximab (RTX) has been demonstrated to be safe and efficacious in the treatment of refractory SLE although there is limited evidence for its use in NP-SLE. We aim to describe the baseline characteristics and short-term effectiveness of RTX in patients treated for NP-SLE within the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Biologics Register (BILAG-BR).
Methods
Patients with active NP involvement; scoring BILAG A or B and/or on SLEDAI-2K were included. Baseline characteristics, disease activity and oral steroid dose pre and 5 - 9 months post-treatment were analysed. Paired Wilcoxon-Signed-Ranked Test was used to determine changes in disease activity scores and steroid dose.
Results
We identified 74 patients of whom 61 (82%) were female and 48 (74%) Caucasian. Median age [interquartile range (IQR)] was 45.5 years [37 - 58] and disease duration 11.5 years [7 - 18.8]. 68 patients had active disease on BILAG (A = 34, B = 34) with 6 scoring on SLEDAI-2K only. The majority (n = 71/74, 96%) had at least one other organ involved. Central nervous system (CNS) disease occurred in 45/65 (69%) cases, 12/65 (18%) had peripheral nervous system (PNS) disease and 8/65 (12%) CNS/PNS overlap. Anti-Ro was the commonest identified antibody (n = 26/57, 46%) and 42 of 59 (71%) patients had a raised anti-dsDNA and/or low complement. The majority (n = 64/74, 86%) were taking glucocorticoids and median prednisolone dose was 15mg [IQR 10 - 20]. Pre and post-RTX BILAG, total SLEDAI-2K and oral steroid dose were available in 50, 57 and 27 patients respectively. Following RTX, patients with NP BILAG A or B reduced from 50 to 11 (p &lt; 0.0001). 4 of the 6 patients with NP-SLE on SLEDAI-2K alone, improved. Total median SLEDAI-2K score reduced from 12 [IQR 14 - 18] to 2 [IQR 0 - 4] (p &lt; 0.0001). Median steroid dose reduced from 15mg [IQR 11.3 - 25] to 10mg [IQR 6.9 - 18.8] (p = 0.009). For 53 patients, active CNS, PNS and overlap disease reduced from 37 (70%) to 6 (11%), 10 (19%) to 3 (6%) and 6 (11%) to 4 (8%) respectively. In 9 patients treated with concomitant CYC, none had persistent NP disease. In contrast, 11 of 41 patients who had RTX alone had persistent NP disease.
Conclusion
RTX use is associated with improvement in NP-SLE with reduction in oral steroid dose. Concomitant CYC may enhance the level of improvement seen with RTX. Large scale studies are therefore warranted to establish the effectiveness of RTX alone or in combination with CYC in the treatment of NP-SLE.
Disclosure
T. David: None. R. Hum: None. E. Sutton: None. B. Parker: None. E. McCarthy: None. I. Bruce: None.
Social Determinants of Mortality of COVID-19 and Opioid Overdose in American Rural and Urban Counties
Authors: Zhu Yuhui , Fei Zhe , Mooney Larissa J. , Huang Kaitlyn , Hser Yih-Ing 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
Both COVID-19 deaths and opioid overdose deaths continue to increase in the United States. Little is known about the characteristics of counties with high rates of mortality for both.

Methods:
We analyzed county-level data on COVID-19 mortality from January 1 to May 31, 2020, and on opioid overdose mortality during 2014-2018. The outcome variable, “high-risk county” was a binary indicator of high mortality rates (above 75% quartile) for both COVID-19 and opioid overdose. We conducted geospatial logistic regression models separately for urban and rural counties to identify social determinants of health associated with being a high-risk county.

Results:
After adjusting for other covariates, the overall mortality rate of COVID-19 is higher in counties with larger population size and a higher proportion of racial/ethnic minorities, although counties with high rates of opioid overdose mortality have lower proportions of racial/ethnic minorities, a higher proportion of females, and are more economically disadvantaged. Significant predictors of rural counties with high mortality rates for both COVID-19 and opioid overdose include higher proportions of Blacks (Adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.04; 95%CI, 1.01–1.07), American Indians and Alaska Natives (aOR, 1.07; 95%CI, 1.02–1.13), and two or more races (aOR, 1.34; 95%CI, 1.13–1.60). Additional predictors for high-risk urban counties include population density (aOR, 1.12; 95%CI, 1.04–1.22) and higher unemployment rates during the COVID-19 pandemic (aOR, 1.23; 95%CI, 1.07–1.41).

Conclusions:
Rural counties with high proportions of racial/ethnic minorities and urban counties with high unemployment rates are at high mortality risk for COVID-19 and opioid overdose.
Ectopic pregnancies and endometrial microbiota
Authors: Aguilera Lidia Lorite , García Ignacio Cristóbal , Quevedo Ignacio Cristóbal 
Published: April 2021

Purpose of the review
In recent years there has been significant progress in the study of endometrial microbiota. This line of investigation has not been free of controversy and discussion. It is a key for clinicians involved to remain updated with the most recent findings in microbiome and its clinical implications to be able to offer patients all possible treatments.

Recent findings
The existence of endometrial microbiota now seems undisputed. Current lines of work are centered on dysbiosis and its connection to other pathologies. It is in the field of assisted reproductive technology where this research plays an even more crucial role. In this case, we are focusing our attention toward the study of ectopic pregnancies, searching for similarities in their etiopathogenesis and alterations in the endometrial microbiota.

Summary
Ectopic pregnancy has great repercussions for patients and for the healthcare system. We must continue researching to offer patients techniques and behaviors that can prevent it. The increase in its incidence makes ectopic pregnancy an entity that we must study.