bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengunaan Pembelajaran ATI (Aptitude Treatment-Interaction) Dalam Upaya Peningkatan Pemahaman Perkembangbiakan Tumbuhan Pelajaran Ipa pada Siswa Kelas VI SDN Sampurna 2
Authors: Mali Nyai Erot 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini berdasarkan permasalahan: a) Apakah pembelajaran Pendekatan Ketrampilan berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam?; b) Seberapa tinggi tingkat penguasaan materi pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam dengan diterapkannya metode pembelajaran Quantum Teaching? Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: a) Untuk mengungkap pengaruh pembelajaran Pendekatan Ketrampilan terhadap hasil belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam; b) Ingin mengetahui seberapa jauh pemahaman dan penguasaan mata pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam setelah diterapkannya pembelajaran Quantum Teaching.
Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan (action research) sebanyak tiga putaran.Setiap putaran terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu: rancangan, kegiatan dan pengamatan, refleksi, dan refisi. Sasaran penelitian ini adalah siswa Kelas VI. Data yang diperoleh berupa hasil tes formatif, lembar observasi kegiatan belajar mengajar.
Dari hasil analis didapatkan bahwa prestasi belajar siswa mengalami peningkatan dari siklus I sampai siklus III yaitu, siklus I (60 %), siklus II (80 %), siklus III (95%).Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah metode Pendekatan Ketrampilan dapat berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi belajar Siswa SDN Sampurna 2 serta model pembelajaran ini dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu alternative Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam.
Tình trạng dinh dưỡng và khẩu phần 24 giờ của phụ nữ thu nhập thấp tại quận Nam Từ Liêm, Hà Nội năm 2019
Authors: Luyến Nguyễn Thị Thanh , Diễm Nguyễn Thị Hồng , Anh Đặng Kim , Giang Nguyễn Văn , Hà Nguyễn Thị , Hương Lê Thị 
Published: May 2021

Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang đánh giá tình trạng dinh dưỡng và khẩu phần ăn 24 giờ của 200 phụ nữ 18-49 tuổi ở hộ gia đình thu nhập thấp tại quận Nam Từ Liêm, Hà Nội năm 2019. Kết quả: 6,0% phụ nữ thiếu năng lượng trường diễn (CED) và 9,5% phụ nữ thừa cân – béo phì (TC-BP). 54,5% đối tượng đáp ứng dưới 80% năng lượng (E) khẩu phần 24 giờ so với khuyến nghị. Tỷ lệ phụ nữ đáp ứng Protein cao hơn khuyến nghị là 66,0%, tỷ lệ chưa đáp ứng đủ nhu cầu khuyến nghị (NCKN) về Protein (P) Lipid (L) và Glucid (G) trong khẩu phần 24 giờ là: 18,5% (đáp ứng <80% NCKN), 58,5% và 77,0%. Tỷ lệ chưa đáp ứng đủ các vitamin và khoáng chất còn cao. Kết luận: Khẩu phần ăn 24 giờ chưa hợp lý, đáp ứng thiếu vi chất dinh dưỡng còn cao so với khuyến nghị. Cần có các biện pháp can thiệp để cải thiện tình trạng dinh dưỡng và khẩu phần 24 giờ của nhóm phụ nữ trên.
A Protestant Response to “Relations of the Orthodox Church with the Rest of the Christian World”
Authors: Burgess John P. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
This article sets forth a Protestant response to three key aspects of the Holy and Great Council’s “Relations of the Orthodox Church with the Rest of the Christian World” and related statements: (1) the Council’s understanding of ecumenical relations, (2) its vision of God’s transfiguration of all reality, and (3) the relation between theological reflection and church practice. The article concludes that Protestants will learn from the Council’s vision of world transfiguration, even as they disagree with some of the ecclesiological implications that the Council draws from this vision.
Disciplinary Trespassing, Historical Analysis, and Geopolitics: A Commentary on the Ecumenical Significance of the Event of the Holy and Great Council of Crete
Authors: Prodromou Elizabeth H. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
This essay is a commentary on assessments of the ecumenical significance of the Holy and Great Council (HGC) of the Orthodox Church at Crete in 2016. Relying on methods on Albert Hirschman’s notion of disciplinary trespassing and Jo Guildi and David Armitage’s commitment to long-range historical analysis, the essay considers the HGC as an event whose ecumenical potential was understood by the Ecumenical Patriarchate as inextricably linked to the realities of pan-Orthodox unity. The category of geopolitics is introduced as a key factor in explaining the challenges of Orthodox unity that shaped the preparations and processes of the HGC, constrained the fulsomeness of ecumenical outputs and impacts of the Crete event, and laid bare the challenges of religious pluralism and diversity within Christianity in the contemporary world.
The Historical Vicissitudes of Hagia Sophia: From Church to Mosque to Museum, and Back to Mosque
Authors: Amjad-Ali Charles 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Hagia Sophia appeals to the long memories and emotions of both Christianity and Islam. One of the greatest churches and architectural wonders of Christianity for almost 1,100 years, it was converted into a mosque after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453, and 481 years later Atatürk converted it into a museum. Hagia Sophia has faced yet another vicissitude in its almost 1,500-year history as Turkey’s highest court annulled its status as a museum, and President Erdogan declared it once more a mosque in July 2020, thus challenging Turkey’s secular history and nature. This article challenges President Erdogan’s decision not on the basis of western secularity, but rather on the basis of a critical reading of the treatment of minorities, especially Christians, in the sources of Islamic jurisprudence, namely the Quran, the hadith and sunnah of the Prophet, and in the practices of the Rightly Guided Caliphs (al-Khulafa’ ar-Rashidun).
Barriers to the Development of Port Operator Supply Chain Integration: An Evaluation in a Developing Country
Authors: Branco Murilo , Teixeira Rafael , Mir Saif , Lacerda Daniel P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this multimethod research, we build on the customer portfolio literature to theorize a two-dimensional matrix between the strategic importance of a port operator's customers and the customers’ perceptions of the port operator's supply chain integration (SCI). The matrix highlights two mismatches: (1) important customers do not perceive a high degree of port operator SCI; and (2) low-importance customers perceive a high degree of port operator SCI. In the former, the port operator's investments are wasted, while in the latter the port operator reaps benefits from minimal investments. In our first study, we classify 1,441 customers of a Brazilian port operator into three levels of strategic importance: high, medium, and low. A survey instrument sent to these customers measured the perceived port operators’ SCI by 210 customers, and the analysis revealed a mismatch for 76 percent of the companies. The second study examines the reasons for the mismatch. Semi-structured interviews highlighted that the perceived unfairness of the port operator's operational decision making and negative experiences with other supply chain members negatively affected the SCI perceptions of customers. We also found a spillover effect: low-importance customers perceived a high level of SCI due to the port operator's operational investments in its important customers.
Determining Optimum Toll Charges for Freight Vehicles Considering Multi-Stakeholder Objectives in Urban Conditions
Authors: Perera Loshaka , Thompson Russell G. , Wu Wenyan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Trucks generate more externalities (environmental and social) than passenger vehicles, especially when trucks divert off freeways. When toll charges increase, such as the significant recent rise in Mel-bourne, Australia, more trucks tend to avoid toll roads (quality roads), generating more externalities. This diversion adds sub-stantial negative impacts on residents, the environment, and so-ciety. In fact, determining an optimum toll charge for freight ve-hicles is a crucial decision to be made by policymakers consid-ering socioeconomic aspects. The objective of this study is to develop an approach to design an optimal toll pricing scheme for multiclass vehicles, including specific truck types, consider-ing both direct costs and externalities. Additionally, the study developed an approach to identify the tradeoffs between vari-ous objectives of the designed scheme considering given con-straints. Nonlinear programming and user equilibrium techniques are used to model the problem, and the costs (direct costs and externalities) are quantified for Victoria, Australia. This nonde-terministic polynomial-time hard (NP-hard), nonconvex problem with nonlinear constraints was solved using the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) II. The model was applied to both a small-sized hypothetical network and a real network, with static demand conditions to illustrate differences between common toll schemes. Results are presented for Pareto-optimal solutions.
Lebanese Students’ Attitudes toward English: An Exploratory Study
Authors: Chehimi Ghada M. 
Published: May 2021

This is a study of high school students’ attitudes toward the English language in Lebanon. The purpose of this research is to assess the extent of use of English inside and outside the schools taking into consideration the attitude towards the language. Two schools were selected, one upper middle class and one lower middle class. This selection of different social classes aims at finding whether a student’s socio- economical background affects his/ her attitude toward the English language. The sample of respondents returned 52 questionnaires from the two schools. Although this sample was a modest one, it highlighted the differences in attitudes towards the English language, but these attitudes did not relate much to the socioeconomic class as much as personal preferences. However, what was salient in this research is how students from the lower middle class were more inclined to use English to raise their social status and both groups agreed that English is essential to their progress in life.
Aptidões biofísicas e intensificação agroecológica da pecuária leiteira em assentamentos da Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Ferreira Darnet Laura Angélica , Poccard-Chapuis René Jean Marie , Claudino Lívio Sérgio Dias , Carvalho Soraya Abreu 
Published: May 2021

Melhorar as atividades agrícolas e a proteção dos recursos naturais, especialmente na Amazônia e nos perímetros de reforma agrária, concebendo sistemas sustentáveis a partir de paisagens ecoeficientes é uma alternativa promissora e está sendo implantada em Paragominas, no Pará, a partir do Plano Municipal de Inteligência Territorial. Este artigo analisa em que medida o microzoneamento proposto no Plano é coerente com as possibilidades de intensificação agroecológica da produção forrageira em propriedades leiteira familiares, e se os ajustes de uso da terra correspondem às aptidões biofísicas das propriedades. Este estudo de caso foi realizado na Comunidade de Nova Jerusalém, do Assentamento Luiz Inácio e se apoiou nos dados georreferenciados do Plano Municipal, além de entrevistas com as famílias e acompanhamentos de experimentos de produção forrageira agroecológica em campo. utilizamos o software Arcgis © para compilar e cruzar informações espaciais em formato shape. Os resultados apontam que na comunidade estudada 56% das famílias têm condições favoráveis para seguir o Plano, dada as aptidões nas suas propriedades, mas há famílias em que a propriedade se encontra em condições biofísicas restritas para produção forrageira e uma atenção especial deve ser dada a este grupo.
Análise da disponibilidade de imagens Landsat e Sentinel para o Brasil
Authors: Mas Jean Francois , Sopchaki Carlos Henrique , Braz Rabelo Francisco Davy , Araújo Francisca Soares de , Solórzano Jonathan Vidal 
Published: May 2021

Neste trabalho, analisamos a disponibilidade de dados sem nuvens dos programas Landsat (refletância da superfície, 1982-2019) e Sentinel 2 (reflectância no topo da atmosfera, 2015-2019) no território brasileiro. No caso do Landsat, a quantidade de informações disponíveis aumenta consideravelmente em 1999 com o início do Landsat 7. No entanto, principalmente devido à presença de nuvens, a disponibilidade de dados varia muito em espaço e tempo. O bioma Amazônia, em particular, apresenta escassez de dados com uma média de 0,72 observações válidas por mês e com cinco meses com menos de 0,4 observações válidas (dezembro a abril). Os biomas Caatinga e Mata Atlântica também apresentam, em menor grau, poucos dados (0,96 e 1,07 observações válidas por mês, em média). Entretanto, outros biomas, como o pampa, apresentam um número significativo de dados (1,44 observações válidas por mês em média para a pampa) distribuídos ao longo do ano de maneira mais regular. O Sentinel 2, devido à melhor resolução temporal, permite alcançar um número maior de observações válidas por mês (cerca de 3 para a Amazônia e 4 para o Pampa). No entanto, a constelação de satélites Sentinel tornou-se totalmente operacional somente em 2018 e, para estudos de períodos históricos, o Landsat, eventualmente combinado com outros sensores, como CBERS ou SPOT, permanece sendo a base de muitos estudos.
On Test Measurements in Full Scale Sailing Test Programs
Authors: Grant Howard P. , Stephens Olin J. 
Published: May 2021

At Mystic Seaport Museum a project was begun in 1992 to determine sail coefficients for schooners for sailing technology research and historical vessel research. Since computational fluid dynamics techniques and wind tunnel techniques have not yet been developed to the point where sail coefficients can be developed accurately, the experimental approach was adopted. Full-scale sailing tests of schooner Brilliant were performed at Mystic, Connecticut. Tow-tank tests of a 1/9 model were completed at Davidson Laboratory, Hoboken, New Jersey. Three previous experimental programs for sloops were reviewed, notably Gimcrack (Davidson, 1936), Bay Bea (Kerwin, 1974), and Standfast (Gerritsma, 1975).
One goal of the Brilliant program was to reduce uncertainty in sail coefficient measurement. The uncertainty in previous programs illustrates the inherent difficulties. Despite the uncertainty the results were extremely useful and provided a benchmark for further improvements in sail coefficient programs.
Procedures used are described. Preliminary results indicate that the uncertainty is reduced to about 10%.
The topics covered are: (1) a description by Olin Stephens of previously unpublished details of the equipment and methods used to take data on the sloop Gimcrack, as applied by Davidson reported in his landmark 1936 paper, and some thoughts on the way the information gained from early studies was used; (2) extension of the Gimcrack sail coefficients to the heel plane; (3) a review by Howard Grant of the measurements in the schooner Brilliant program, including correction for ship/wind interference, use of cross checks including chase boat true wind solutions and internal consistency techniques (Ockam, 1992), and unique time-correlations to handle non-steadiness; (3) a hindsight view of program shortcomings, which included the omission of measurements at several heights above the deck of wind and sail shape that would have been helpful to CFD studies of sail aerodynamics.
Full Scale Measurement of Sail Force and the Validation of Numerical Calculation Method
Authors: Masuyama Yutaka , Fukasawa Toichi 
Published: May 2021

Sail forces were measured in a full-scale sailing boat with the use of a sail force dynamometer. This apparatus consisted of an aluminum frame fixed to the hull by way of several load cells. The sailing boat was modified so that the dynamometer frame could be installed inside the hull. The mast, stays, winches, and other sailing rig were fixed on the frame so as to transmit all the forces acting on sail to the frame. By transforming the measured forces, the lift force, drag force, thrust, side force, or the center of effort of the sail force could be obtained. The sailing conditions of the boat, such as the boat speed, heel angle, wind speed, wind angle, and so on, were also measured.
Sail shapes of the boat in the up-wind condition were also measured with the use of CCD cameras installed in the boat. The sail shape images taken by the cameras were transformed to bit-map files, and then processed by an SSA-2D, a sail shape analyzing software. With the use of this software, sail shape parameters were obtained. The relationship between the measured sail forces and the sail shape parameters is discussed in this paper. Moreover, the measured sail shapes were used as the input data for the numerical calculations.
Numerical calculations were performed to estimate the sail forces of the boat. In the calculations, two sails, a mainsail and a jib , were modeled in the form of a vortex lattice. The vortex lattice method was adopted as the numerical calculation method. Step by step calculations were conducted up to attaining the steady state of the sail in steady wind. Calculated sail forces were compared with the measured forces, and the validity of the numerical method was studied.
The Cogito Project: Design and Development of an International C-Class Catamaran and Her Successful Challenge to Regain the Little America's Cup
Authors: MacLane Duncan T. 
Published: May 2021

In January 1996, Cogito, the U.S. challenger, defeated the Australian defender, Yellow Pages Edge, by the score of 4-0 in the twenty-second running of the International Catamaran Challenge Trophy. This brought the trophy better known as the Little America's Cup, back to the United States after an eleven year stay in Australia.
The Cogito project was three years in length and encompassed the design/construction phase, initial sailing and tuning at her home the Bristol Yacht Club in Bristol, Rhode Island, and the final training and competition at the race venue, McCrae Yacht Club on Port Philip Bay south of Melbourne, Australia. This paper will cover all phases of the project from the design through the racing.
Model Tests of the PACT Base America's Cup Hull in Following Seas
Authors: Falsone Jesse 
Published: May 2021

Model tests were conducted at the Davidson Laboratory to investigate the effect of following seas on the added resistance of the PACT (Partnership for America's Cup Technology) base America's Cup hull. A 1 :8 scale model of an International America's Cup Class yacht was provided by Team Dennis Conner and was refinished with funding from US Sailing to its original lines as the PACT base hull. Using this hull (canoe body with no appendages), model tests were conducted in the following seas condition. Upright, resistance tests were carried out at constant speed in both smooth water and regular waves of varying length and slope. The model was free to heave and pitch while restraining all other degrees of freedom.
The data analysis revealed that at wavelengths approximately greater than two model lengths, the added resistance of the model is negative. A negative added resistance implies that the average drag force of the model in a particular following sea is less than the still-water drag of the model at the same speed. At wavelengths below this point, the added resistance of the model is greater than the still-water resistance. Furthermore, the form of the data suggests that at waves longer than were tested in this experiment (wavelengths greater than five model lengths), the added resistance of the model converges to the still­water resistance. The experiment also verifies that the added resistance is proportional to the square of the wave height.
The pitch and heave characteristics of the model as expressed in the form of response amplitude operators are independent of wave slope. This is to say that for a particular motion, the response amplitude operators for each wave slope overlap one another.
The results of these model tests were to be used as a database for the IMS Pitching Moment Project established in an attempt to quantify the sensitivity of radius of gyration on yacht performance. Also, these results were to be used to validate CFD estimates of added resistance.
Appendage Resistance of a Sailing Yacht Hull
Authors: Kenning J. A. , Binkhorst B. J. 
Published: May 2021

Since the introduction of the resistance calculation for yachts based on the results of the original Delft Systematic Yacht Hull Series (DSYHS), as presented by Gerritsma et.al. in 1979, 1985 and 1992, considerable changes have taken place in the design of both the shape and size of the appendages, i.e. keel and rudder. For the sake of consistency the original DSYHS was tested with one and the same set of appendages for all models, necessary for the heeled and yawed tests, which in design reflected the standards of the mid seventies for a hull like the Parent Model #1.
The wide variety of shapes of appendages used now-a-days made it necessary to be able to differentiate in the calculation routine between all these different configurations. Therefore the Shiphydromechanics Laboratory of the Technical University Delft decided to test a large number of the models of the DSYHS again, but now without appendages.
The implicit difficulty by doing this was that the resistance of the keel and rudder had to be added on. Although a large part of the appendage resistance originates from the viscous resistance, the residuary resistance of the appendages was not well known, neither the absolute magnitude nor the dependency on hull and keel geometry.
This study tries to shed some light on the subject by reporting on a number of model experiments and calculations carried out to define the resistance of four different appendages under two different hulls.
Hull - Appendage Interaction of a Sailing Yacht, Investigated with Wave Cut Techniques
Authors: Binns Jonathan R. , Klaka Kim , Dovell Andrew 
Published: May 2021

The research explained in this paper was carried out to investigate the effects of hull-appendage interaction on the resistance of a sailing yacht, and the effects these changes have on the velocity prediction for a sailing yacht. To accomplish this aim a series of wave-cut experiments was carried out and analysed using a modified procedure. The processed results have then been incorporated into an existing velocity prediction program. For the purposes of this research two variables were investigated for the Australian Maritime Engineering Cooperative Research Centre (AMECRC) parent model 004, a model derived from the Delft IMS series of yachts.
Wave-cut procedures inevitably raise questions about scaling procedures for full scale extrapolation as the inviscid wave-pattern resistance is calculated to be less than the residuary or wave resistance. These questions have been dealt with by an approximate method, briefly explained in this paper.