bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stigma, Social Appearance Anxiety and Coping in Men and Women Living with Skin Conditions: A Mixed Methods Analysis
Authors: Hughes O. , Hutchings P. B. , Phelps C. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Background
The psychological impact of living with a skin condition can have a profound impact on quality of life and could cause appearance-related social anxiety. Existing research suggests ambiguous findings in relation to whether the impact of living with a skin condition differs between males and females.

Objectives
The present study aimed to explore the association between stigma, coping styles and social appearance anxiety in men and women living with a skin condition in the United Kingdom.

Methods
231 participants (n = 199 females, n = 30 males, n = 2 non-binary) completed a cross-sectional online questionnaire, capturing quantitative data with the social appearance anxiety scale (SAAS), the shortened version of the coping inventory for stressful situations (CISS-21), and qualitative data from free-text comments and thematic content analysis. Respondents were also asked to provide additional free text comments in relation to the challenges faced and how these were managed.

Results
Content analysis revealed that males and females faced daily practical, social and emotional challenges and coped with them in several ways; with higher levels of social appearance anxiety associated with both higher perceived severity of skin condition and younger age. Males and females appeared equally as emotionally affected by living with a skin condition, with the only significant gender difference being females as significantly more likely to engage in avoidant coping behaviours than males.

Conclusions
Living with a skin condition presents daily practical, social, and psychological challenges for males and females that have the potential to impact on quality of life. Findings highlight the need for dermatological care to routinely address these issues, and psychosocial interventions must be made available to promote healthy coping with skin conditions.
Chemical Reaction: Understanding the Key to the Formation of Carbonaceous Materials from Sucralose
Authors: de Tarso Ferreira Sales Paulo , de Souza Katia Maria , Bezerra Alyne Gonçalves , Ojala Satu Anneli , de Oliveira Sérgio Botelho , dos Santos Pierre Alexandre , Freitas Bara Maria Teresa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn interesting way to understand carbonaceous materials structure and their properties is to evaluate the chemical reactions involved in their production. However, there are only a few published works describing the main reactions. Here, we report how chemical reactions can help understand the degradation of sucralose in hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), and the formation of hydrochar. To this end, sucralose is treated for 3.0 h, and Raman and mass spectrum data of hydrochar and liquid samples are analyzed, as well quantum chemistry calculations (QCC). The results show that ionization of sucralose is the most important step in the degradation process, and the use of FeCl2 can speed up the degradation process. However, pH leads to ionization, dehydration and dechlorination, but glycosidic bond cleavage is a common subsequent reaction. Raman analysis present hydrochar samples with oxygen‐containing groups and aromatic/heterocyclic ring bands which are important in functionalized materials. Morphologically, the samples generated at initial pH=10.00, and in the presence of MnCl2 presented the smallest microspheres and this phenomenon may be related to the amount of degradation products. Finally, the evaluation of Raman spectroscopy and mass spectrometry data using principal components analysis is useful to suggest the degradation pathways and hydrochar formation processes.
Catalytic Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol to Efficiently Synthesize Amide by (−CF3) Substituted Copper Phthalocyanine Based Composite Catalyst
Authors: Wang Luying , Zheng Xudong , Zhang Yuzhe , Zhou Man , Liang Qiang , Xu Song , Li Zhongyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUsing a type of tetra‐substituted metal phthalocyanine carbon nanotubes composite material [4 a (OPh‐p‐CF3)CuPc]‐MWCNTs as a catalyst, a method to synthesize benzamides through the oxidative amidation of benzyl alcohol was developed. Synthesize copper phthalocyanine by simple DBU liquid phase catalytic method, and then load phthalocyanine on carbon nanotubes by ultrasound to form four‐substituted metal phthalocyanine carbon nanotubes composite material [4 a (OPh‐p‐CF3)CuPc]‐MWCNTs. The composite materials were detected by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). To achieve high‐efficiency and optional catalyze, studied solvent type, oxidant type and dosage, catalyst dosage, time and temperature. In the screening experiment, [4 a (OPh‐p‐CF3)CuPc]‐MWCNTs composite material has high catalytic ability in the oxidation of benzyl alcohol. At the greatest of times, the highest conversion ratio of benzyl alcohol (100 %), selectivity of benzamide (89 %) was obtained. The oxidant was TBHP and the amount was 3 mL, 60 °C for 24 h in DMF. Different kinds of amides were set up by various substituted benzyl alcohols, and good results were obtained.
σ‐Hole Interactions of Tetrahedral Group IV–VIII Lewis Acid Centers with Lewis Bases: A Comparative Study
Authors: Ibrahim Mahmoud A. A. , Mohamed Yasmeen A. M. , Abuelliel Hassan A. A. , Rady Al‐shimaa S. M. , Soliman Mahmoud E. S. , Ahmed Muhammad Naeem , Mohamed Lamiaa A. , Moussa Nayra A. M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the current study, σ‐hole interactions of group IV–VIII element‐containing molecules in tetrahedral geometry with Lewis bases were comparatively scrutinized. The FSiF3, OPF3, NSF3, FClO3, and OArO3 molecules were devoted as Lewis acid centers to interact with NH3 and NCH Lewis bases. According to the results, the most significant σ‐hole interactions were ascribed to the FSiF3⋅⋅⋅ and FClO3⋅⋅⋅Lewis base complexes with interaction energy up to –29.74 kcal mol−1 in the case of the FSiF3⋅⋅⋅NH3 complex. Symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory‐based energy decomposition analysis (SAPT‐EDA) demonstrated that the electrostatic energy (Eelst) was the most prevalent force dominating the explored interactions, while the exchange energies exhibited unfavorable contribution. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and noncovalent interaction (NCI) results emphasized the closed‐shell nature for all the investigated complexes except FSiF3⋅⋅⋅NH3 complex that demonstrated a covalent nature. Crucially, the utilization of the positively‐ and negatively‐directed external electric field (EEF) led to amelioration and debilitation of the strength of the studied interactions, respectively. The present findings provide knowledge essential to further expanded applications in the fields pertinent to materials science and crystal engineering.
Homogeneous Ni(I)tetra Sulfonated Phthalocyanine Electrocatalyst Generated at Low Overpotential Clubbed with a Wet‐Scrubbing Column for High Efficiency NO Reduction to NH3
Authors: Muthuraman G. , Silambarasan P. , Moon I.‐S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough the degradation of NO gas to a less toxic form is a promising strategy to help solve atmospheric health and ozone depletion problems, conversion to a useful gas is a recent strategy. The generation of NH3 from NO with high efficiency per catalyst area or weight is in the early stages. In this investigation, a tetra sulfonated phthalocyanine with a Ni(II) (Ni(II)TSPc) complex was used to produce a low valent homogenous electrocatalyst Ni(I)TSPc in an alkaline medium at a lower overpotential. Ni(I)TSPc formation at a lower overpotential was demonstrated by the initial change in oxidation/reduction potential from 25 mV to −360 mV during electrolysis, peak potential change in cyclic voltammetry, and UV‐Vis spectral analysis. A potentiometric titration method used to quantify the electrogenerated Ni(I)TSPc revealed 90 % efficiency in 1 h. The decrease of Ni(I)TSPc concentration when contacting NO gas at the wet scrubber column showed that the NO removal process followed a Ni(I)TSPc (Ni(I)) mediation or mediated electrocatalytic reduction (MER) process. The NO removal efficiency reached almost 100 % at a 0.2 L/min gas flow rate of 20 ppm. The selective formation of NH3 with a maximum of 1492 μmol/g Ni(I) was achieved for the first time in the homogeneous electrocatalytic reduction process. The developed process generated NH3 from NO gas and has the potential for scale‐up.
Morphometric analysis of Ciliwung river and identification of suitable locations to build artificial dams for flood mitigation
Authors: Alatas Husin , Pawitan Hidayat , Syafiuddin Achmad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFlood caused by overflowing water from river has become a major issue in Southeast Asia, as it has caused economic losses and deaths. Therefore, the present work aims to propose an alternative approach for morphometric analysis of the Ciliwung River Upper Stream (CRU) without the geographic information system technique use for flood prevention strategy application. For the river network simulation, an agent‐based model having several rules in terms of agent, landscaping, and action was adopted. In addition, the river morphometric characteristics, namely, river network, river order, bifurcation ratio, length‐order ratio, fractal dimension, watershed density, and river capacity were estimated. It was found that the proposed technique was able to estimate the river morphometric characteristics of CRU. CRU has the river order, bifurcation ratio, length‐order ratio, fractal dimension, watershed density, and river capacity of 4, 1.1–2.5, 0.6–1.1, 1.84, 0.01 km km–2, and 1,404,060 L, respectively. It was also identified four suitable locations to build artificial dams for flood prevention strategy by employing the presently proposed technique. The proposed artificial dams with heights ranging from 10 m to 25 m demonstrated to have capability to prevent flood in the capital city of Jakarta, Indonesia.
Introduction: Urban Inequality and Segregation in Europe and China
Authors: Pryce Gwilym , Chen Yu , Wang Ya Ping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we set out the rationale and key themes for the book. We briefly summarise the broad historical and institutional context, particularly the period of reformin China since 1978, and the background to the hukouhousehold registration system, which has become a key source of segregation and inequality in modern China. We then provide an overview of the book including a synopsis of each chapter and the various links between them. We conclude with a call for further research and evidence-based policy innovation.
Introduction and Motivation
Authors: Taudt Christopher 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe electronics industry with all its branches such as semiconductors, organic-electronics and the photovoltaics industry, is continuously growing in terms of its economic as well as its technological influence, [1]. This trend is fostered by the ongoing integration of various electronic functionalities in fields such as energy generation & distribution, transport & mobility as well as in consumer goods. Over three decades, electronic and semiconductor products as well as processes were driven by Moores law, [2].
Possible discrepancies between cosmological and electroweak observables in Higgs Inflation
Authors: Rodrigues Jamerson G. , Benetti Micol , Alcaniz Jailson S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this work, we revisit the non-minimally coupled Higgs Inflation scenario and investigate its observational viability in light of the current Cosmic Microwave Background, Baryon Acoustic Oscillation and type Ia Supernovae data. We explore the effects of the Coleman-Weinberg approximation to the Higgs potential in the primordial universe, connecting the predictions for the Lagrangian parameters at inflationary scales to the electroweak observables through Renormalization Group methods at two-loop order. Initially, we find that electroweak scale measurements may be dissonant to the limits obtained from the cosmological data sets used in the analysis. Specifically, an ≈ 8σ-discrepancy between the inflationary parameters and the value of the Monte Carlo reconstructed top quark mass is found. However, considering the most recent results obtained by the CMS Collaboration from differential cross-section measurements of the top quark production a good agreement is obtained.
Steady states of holographic interfaces
Authors: Bachas Constantin , Chen Zhongwu , Papadopoulos Vassilis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We find stationary thin-brane geometries that are dual to far-from-equilibrium steady states of two-dimensional holographic interfaces. The flow of heat at the boundary agrees with the result of CFT and the known energy-transport coefficients of the thin-brane model. We argue that by entangling outgoing excitations the interface produces thermodynamic entropy at a maximal rate, and point out similarities and differences with double-sided black funnels. The non-compact, non-Killing and far-from-equilibrium event horizon of our solutions coincides with the local (apparent) horizon on the colder side, but lies behind it on the hotter side of the interface. We also show that the thermal conductivity of a pair of interfaces jumps at the Hawking-Page phase transition from a regime described by classical scatterers to a quantum regime in which heat flows unobstructed.
Latent variable and clustering methods in intersectionality research: systematic review of methods applications
Authors: Bauer Greta R. , Mahendran Mayuri , Walwyn Chantel , Shokoohi Mostafa 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Purpose
An intersectionality framework has been increasingly incorporated into quantitative study of health inequity, to incorporate social power in meaningful ways. Researchers have identified “person-centered” methods that cluster within-individual characteristics as appropriate to intersectionality. We aimed to review their use and match with theory.

Methods
We conducted a multidisciplinary systematic review of English-language quantitative studies wherein authors explicitly stated an intersectional approach, and used clustering methods. We extracted study characteristics and applications of intersectionality.

Results
782 studies with quantitative applications of intersectionality were identified, of which 16 were eligible: eight using latent class analysis, two latent profile analysis, and six clustering methods. Papers used cross-sectional data (100.0%) primarily had U.S. lead authors (68.8%) and were published within psychology, social sciences, and health journals. While 87.5% of papers defined intersectionality and 93.8% cited foundational authors, engagement with intersectionality method literature was more limited. Clustering variables were based on social identities/positions (e.g., gender), dimensions of identity (e.g., race centrality), or processes (e.g., stigma). Results most commonly included four classes/clusters (60.0%), which were frequently used in additional analyses. These described sociodemographic differences across classes/clusters, or used classes/clusters as an exposure variable to predict outcomes in regression analysis, structural equation modeling, mediation, or survival analysis. Author rationales for method choice included both theoretical/intersectional and statistical arguments.

Conclusion
Latent variable and clustering methods were used in varied ways in intersectional approaches, and reflected differing matches between theory and methods. We highlight situations in which these methods may be advantageous, and missed opportunities for additional uses.
Refined cut selection for benders decomposition: applied to network capacity expansion problems
Authors: Brandenberg René , Stursberg Paul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new perspective on cut generation in the context of Benders decomposition. The approach, which is based on the relation between the alternative polyhedron and the reverse polar set, helps us to improve established cut selection procedures for Benders cuts, like the one suggested by Fischetti et al. (Math Program Ser B 124(1–2):175–182, 2010). Our modified version of that criterion produces cuts which are always supporting and, unless in rare special cases, facet-defining. We discuss our approach in relation to the state of the art in cut generation for Benders decomposition. In particular, we refer to Pareto-optimality and facet-defining cuts and observe that each of these criteria can be matched to a particular subset of parametrizations for our cut generation framework. As a consequence, our framework covers the method to generate facet-defining cuts proposed by Conforti and Wolsey (Math Program Ser A 178:1–20, 2018) as a special case. We conclude the paper with a computational evaluation of the proposed cut selection method. For this, we use different instances of a capacity expansion problem for the european power system.
The potential role of diffusion weighted imaging in the diagnosis of early carotid and vertebral artery dissection
Authors: Almohammad Mohammad , Dadak Mete , Götz Friedrich , Donnerstag Frank , Tryc Anita Blanka , Mahmoudi Nima , Wattjes Mike P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the role of the diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) in the acute dissection of internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) and assessing the length of intramural hematoma (IMH), caused by dissection.

Methods
We analyzed 28 patients presenting with a dissection of the ICA and/or VA with respect to the presence of high signal intensity areas on DWI suggestive of dissection and 20 control subjects without arterial dissection, some with and some without atherosclerotic lesions. ICA or VA dissection was defined by clinical and imaging, computed tomography angiography (CTA), MR angiography (MRA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) findings. The length of DWI hyperintensity was compared to length of the occlusion or stenosis on the angiographic examination.

Results
In 28 patients, 30 dissected arteries were analyzed. Time intervals from the onset of the first clinical symptoms to the radiological evaluation ranged from 1.5 h to 42 days. In 28 (93%) of the dissections, a high signal intensity of the affected artery was present on DWI. The measurement of the dissection length on DWI compared to DSA showed a mean deviation of 2.7 mm and a standard deviation of 3.7 mm.

Conclusion
DWI is a highly sensitive and valuable pulse sequence for the detection of dissected cervical arteries even in the first hours after symptom onset. In contrast to CTA and MRA, DWI can be a potential tool for a reliable measurement of the dissection length.
Comparison of risk assessment in 1652 early ER positive, HER2 negative breast cancer in a real-world data set: classical pathological parameters vs. 12-gene molecular assay (EndoPredict)
Authors: Jank Paul , Lindner Judith Lea , Lehmann Annika , Pfitzner Berit Maria , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Horst David , Kronenwett Ralf , Denkert Carsten , Schmitt Wolfgang Daniel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Risk assessment on the molecular level is important in predictive pathology to determine the risk of metastatic disease for ERpos, HER2neg breast cancer. The gene expression test EndoPredict (EP) was trained and validated for prediction of a 10-year risk of distant recurrence to support therapy decisions regarding endocrine therapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy. The EP test provides the 12-gene Molecular Score (MS) and the EPclin-Score (EPclin), which combines the molecular score with tumor size and nodal status. In this project we investigated the correlation of 12-gene MS and EPclin scores with classical pathological markers.

Methods
EndoPredict-based gene expression profiling was performed prospectively in a total of 1652 patients between 2017 and 2020. We investigated tumor grading and Ki67 cut-offs of 20% for binary classification as well as 10% and 30% for three classes (low, intermediate, high), based on national and international guidelines.

Results
410 (24.8%) of 1652 patients were classified as 12-gene MS low risk and 626 (37.9%) as EPclin low risk. We found significant positive associations between 12-gene MS and grading (p < 0.001), EPclin and grading (p = 0.001), 12-gene MS and Ki67 (p < 0.001), and EPclin and Ki67 (p < 0.001). However, clinically relevant differences between EP test results, Ki67 and tumor grading were observed. For example, 118 (26.3%) of 449 patients with Ki67 > 20% were classified as low risk by EPclin. Same differences were seen comparing EP test results and tumor grading.

Conclusion
In this study we could show that EP risk scores are distributed differentially among Ki67 expression groups, especially in Ki67 low and high tumors with a substantial proportion of patients with EPclin high risk results in Ki67 low tumors and vice versa. This suggests that classical pathological parameters and gene expression parameters are not interchangeable, but should be used in combination for risk assessment.
Sequent Calculi for the Propositional Logic of HYPE
Authors: Fischer Martin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper we discuss sequent calculi for the propositional fragment of the logic of HYPE. The logic of HYPE was recently suggested by Leitgeb (Journal of Philosophical Logic 48:305–405, 2019) as a logic for hyperintensional contexts. On the one hand we introduce a simple $$\mathbf{G1}$$

G
1

-system employing rules of contraposition. On the other hand we present a $$\mathbf{G3}$$

G
3

-system with an admissible rule of contraposition. Both systems are equivalent as well as sound and complete proof-system of HYPE. In order to provide a cut-elimination procedure, we expand the calculus by connections as introduced in Kashima and Shimura (Mathematical Logic Quarterly 40:153–172, 1994).
Numerical approximation of the scattering amplitude in elasticity
Authors: Barceló Juan A. , Castro Carlos 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe propose a numerical method to approximate the scattering amplitudes for the elasticity system with a non-constant matrix potential in dimensions $$d=2$$

d
=
2

and 3. This requires to approximate first the scattering field, for some incident waves, which can be written as the solution of a suitable Lippmann-Schwinger equation. In this work we adapt the method introduced by Vainikko (Res Rep A 387:3–18, 1997) to solve such equations when considering the Lamé operator. Convergence is proved for sufficiently smooth potentials. Implementation details and numerical examples are also given.