bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversification and Design of Novel Aniline‐Pyrimidines via Sonogashira/Suzuki Cross Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Novel CLPN‐Pd
Authors: Ullah Arif , Liu Jingjiang , Khan Afaq Ullah , Khan Qudrat Ullah , Guo Fuhu , Nazir Sadia , Quan Zhengjun , Wang Xicun , Alosaimi Abeer M. , Hussein Mahmoud A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAniline‐pyrimidines derivatives, especially Mepanipyrim are used as fungicides and obliging to control several diseases, particularly grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) of vegetables and vines. A series of novel Aniline‐pyrimidines derivatives like Mepanipyrim have been synthesized by using novel strategy via Sonogashira/Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction. High competence, novel and recyclable CLPN−Pd (cross‐linked ploy(ionic liquid)s Nano gels) is used as a catalyst in this synthetic method which we recycled three times. Various characterization like XPS, DLS, XPA, X‐rays, HNMR and CNMR have been done for confirmation of CLPN−Pd. For these two combined reactions we used a lower amount of catalyst, has advantages of wide substrate range, compatibility with multiple functional groups, and higher yields. In this novel technique of diversification two hetero aryl chlorides, 4‐chloro‐6‐methyl‐N‐phenylpyrimidin‐2‐amine and ‐chloro‐6‐methyl‐N‐(p‐tolyl) pyrimidin‐2‐amine with hetero phenyl acetylene and hetero aryl boronic acid delivered the subsequent compounds with reasonable to excellent 50 %–93 % yields. All the diversified compounds have been verified by various spectroscopic analysis such as 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and HR‐MS spectral study. The analysis and preliminary conclusion provided some reference value for further development of this kind of research and applications in the future.
Hierarchical Ti3C2Tx MXene/Carbon Nanotubes Hollow Microsphere with Confined Magnetic Nanospheres for Broadband Microwave Absorption
Authors: Zhang Chang , Wu Zhengchen , Xu Chunyang , Yang Bintong , Wang Lei , You Wenbin , Che Renchao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHierarchical hollow structure with unique interfacial properties holds great potential for microwave absorption (MA). Ti3C2Tx MXene has been a hot topic due to rich interface structure, abundant defects, and functional groups. However, its overhigh permittivity and poor aggregation‐resistance limit the further application. Herein, a hierarchical MXene‐based hollow microsphere is prepared via a facile spray drying strategy. Within the microsphere, few‐layered MXene nanosheets are separated by dispersed carbon nanotubes (CNTs), exposing abundant dielectric polarization interfaces. Besides, numerous magnetic Fe3O4 nanospheres are uniformly dispersed and confined within nano‐cavities between 1D network and 2D framework. Such a novel structure simultaneously promotes interfacial polarization by ternary MXene/CNTs/Fe3O4 interfaces, enhances magnetic loss by microscale and nanoscale coupling network, enlarges conduction loss by MXene/CNTs dual‐network, and optimizes impedance matching by hierarchical porous structure. Therefore, Fe3O4@Ti3C2Tx/CNTs composite achieves excellent MA property with a maximum reflection loss of −40.1 dB and an effective bandwidth of 5.8 GHz at the thickness of only 2 mm. This work demonstrates a feasible hierarchical structure design strategy for multi‐dimension MXene composite to realize the high‐efficiency MA performance.
Emerging Stacked Photocatalyst Design Enables Spatially Separated Ni(OH)2 Redox Cocatalysts for Overall CO2 Reduction and H2O Oxidation
Authors: Liu Qian , Wang Shihong , Mo Weihao , Zheng Yiyi , Xu Yanbo , Yang Guodong , Zhong Shuxian , Ma Jun , Liu Dong , Bai Song 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConstruction of photocatalytic systems with spatially separated dual cocatalysts is considered as a promising route to modulate charge separation/transfer, promote surface redox reactivities, and prevent unwanted reverse reactions. However, past efforts on the loading of spatially separated double‐cocatalysts are limited to hollow structured semiconductors with inner/outer surface and monocrystalline semiconductors with different exposed facets. To overcome this limitation, herein, enabled by a unique stacked photocatalyst design, a facile and versatile strategy for spatial separation of redox cocatalysts on various semiconductors without structural and morphological restriction is demonstrated. The smart design begins with the deposition of light‐harvesting semiconductors on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets, followed with the coverage of Ni(OH)2 outer layer. The ternary photocatalysts exhibit superior activities and stabilities of H2O oxidation and selective CO2‐to‐CO reduction, remarkably surpassing other counterparts. The origin of the enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic interplay of rGO@Ni(OH)2 reduction cocatalysts surrounding the semiconductors and Ni(OH)2 oxidation cocatalysts directly supported by the semiconductors, which mitigates the charge recombination, supplies highly active and selective sites for overall reactions, and preserves the semiconductors from photocorrosion. This work presents a new approach to regulating the position of dual cocatalysts and ameliorating the net efficiency of photoredox catalysis.
In Situ Grown Co‐Based Interstitial Compounds: Non‐3d Metal and Non‐Metal Dual Modulation Boosts Alkaline and Acidic Hydrogen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Xiong Tuzhi , Yao Xincheng , Zhu Zhixiao , Xiao Ran , Hu Yu‐wen , Huang Yongchao , Zhang Shanqing , Balogun M.‐Sadeeq (Jie Tang) 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInterfacial engineering and elemental doping are the two parameters to enhance the catalytic behavior of cobalt nitrides for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, simultaneously combining these two parameters to improve the HER catalytic properties of cobalt nitrides in alkaline media is rarely reported and also remains challenging in acidic media. Herein, it is demonstrated that high‐valence non‐3d metal and non‐metal integration can simultaneously achieve Co‐based nitride/oxide interstitial compound phase boundaries on stainless steel mesh (denoted Mo‐Co5.47N/N‐CoO) for efficient HER in alkaline and acidic media. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the unique structure does not only realize multi‐active sites, enhanced water dissociation kinetics, and low hydrogen adsorption free energy in alkaline media, but also enhances the positive charge density of hydrogen ions (H+) to effectively allow H+ to receive electrons from the catalysts surface toward promoting the HER in acidic media. As a result, the as‐prepared Mo‐Co5.47N/N‐CoO demands HER overpotential of −28 mV@10 mA cm−2 in an alkaline medium, and superior to the commercial Pt/C at a current density > 44 mA cm−2 in acidic medium. This work paves a useful strategy to design efficient cobalt‐based electrocatalysts for HER and beyond.
Fibroblast Activation Protein‐α Responsive Peptide Assembling Prodrug Nanoparticles for Remodeling the Immunosuppressive Microenvironment and Boosting Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Sun Mengqi , Yao Shaobo , Fan Linyang , Fang Zhiguo , Miao Weibing , Hu Zhiyuan , Wang Zihua 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCheckpoint blockade immunotherapy has broad application prospects in the clinical treatment of malignant tumors. However, the low response rate of the checkpoint blockade is due to low tumor immunogenicity and immunosuppression within the tumor microenvironment. Herein, the authors design an amphiphilic bifunctional PD‐1/PD‐L1 peptide antagonist PCP, and co‐deliver doxorubicin (DOX) and R848 through co‐assembly of a multi‐agent prodrug (PCP@R848/DOX), which can be specifically cleaved by fibroblast activation protein‐α (FAP‐α) in the tumor stroma. Upon reaching the tumor tissue, the PCP@R848/DOX prodrug nanostructure is disassembled by FAP‐α. The localized release of DOX and R848 triggers immunogenic cell death (ICD) and reprograms tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) to elicit antitumor immunity. Furthermore, sustained release of PD‐1 or PD‐L1 peptide antagonists mediates the PD‐L1 pathway blockade for further propagated activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Notably, a tumor microenvironment activatable prodrug nanoparticle is presented for triple‐modality cancer therapy that functions by simultaneously activating ICD and altering the phenotype of TAMs when combined with PD‐1 blockade therapy, which efficiently elicits a strong systemic antitumor immune response. This strategy may emerge as a new paradigm in the treatment of cancer by combination immunotherapy.
Introduction: The Then and Now of Political Science Institutionalisation in Europe—A Research Agenda and Its Endeavour
Authors: Ilonszki Gabriella , Roux Christophe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe introductory chapter introduces the research project that the book’s chapters are built upon and identifies key questions that are addressed within the book’s thematic frame. The COST Action ‘ProSEPS’ project (Professionalization and Social Impact of European Political Science) collected updated information about the situation of the political science profession in Europe. Despite the widely acknowledged process of continental integration driven by the European Union (EU), the academic landscape has been and still is characterised by a great variety of traditions, institutions and resources. On this basis, this chapter explains that institutional development has been chosen as the major focus that could possibly introduce as well as explain the sources of this variety. It identifies the empirical, theoretical and comparative issues at stake and introduces the cases covered in the book and its structure.
From Scientific Communism to Political Science: The Development of the Profession in Selected Former Soviet European States
Authors: Chulitskaya Tatsiana , Matonyte Irmina , Gudelis Dangis , Sprincean Serghei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe chapter explores the trajectories of the evolution of political science (PS) in four former Soviet Socialist Republics (Estonia and Lithuania, the Republics of Moldova and Belarus) after the USSR collapse. Departing from the premise that PS is appreciated as the science of democracy, the authors claim that its identity and autonomy are particularly important. Research shows that PS in these countries started from the same impoverished basis (“scientific communism”), but it soon took diverse trajectories and currently faces specific challenges. Democracy, pro-Western geopolitical settings and the shorter period of Sovietization contributed to the faster and more sustainable development of PS in two Baltic States. However, in Estonia, political developments have led to the retrenchment of PS and to downsize of universities’ departments and study programmes. In Lithuania, political scientists are very visible in the public sphere. In Moldova, its uncertain geopolitical orientation and a series of internal political conflicts have led to the weak identity of PS and questionable prospects for its further institutionalization. In authoritarian Belarus, PS as an academic discipline exists within a hostile political environment and under a hierarchical system of governance offering practically no degree of academic freedom.
The Institutionalisation of Political Science in Post-Yugoslav States: Continuities and New Beginnings
Authors: Boban Davor , Stanojević Ivan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe institutionalisation of political science in the four countries emerged after the break-up of Yugoslavia—Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia—has not been a uniform process. Despite the discipline’s foundation at almost the same time and in the same state, there are considerable differences among them in terms of stability and autonomy. Some of the most salient, albeit certainly not all are numbers of institutions, professors, students and study programs, development of political science fields, state funding, and hiring procedure. Our investigation on the roots of differences between them covers two periods. The first one deals with the Communist Yugoslav period, when the first institutions of political science were founded, and the discipline went through three decades of development under autocratic regime. Second period deals with the following three decades of institutionalisation, from first multi-party elections in 1990 until 2020. We finish the chapter with concluding remarks which could also be perceived as a guideline for further research in the field.
Particularities of the Legal Framework for the Mexican Emissions Trading System
Authors: Ibarra Sarlat Rosalía 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the legal bases for the mandatory regulation of the emissions trading system in Mexico. They are derived from the main international instruments on climate change: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its ambitious objective, the quantifiable commitment of the Kyoto Protocol, and its tie to economic instruments. The Paris Agreement, the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and the market mechanisms regulated in Article 6, the implementation of which is essential to achieve the Agreement’s objectives are also part of this broad system. Legally, the international foundations of the emissions trading system are reflected at the national level. For these, the constitutional and legal bases underpin the current regulation of the mandatory market instrument. It aims to effectively reduce, in terms of costs, the greenhouse gas emissions from the most polluting economic activities, without replacing direct control measures. The core aspects of this system are highlighted from a national regulatory analysis, with special emphasis on the importance of a limited cap and its future reduction, as well as the legal nature of allowances that are allocated by the public administration to the regulated industries’ facilities.
Peroxiredoxins as Markers of Oxidative Stress in IgA Nephropathy, Membranous Nephropathy and Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Krata Natalia , Foroncewicz Bartosz , Zagożdżon Radosław , Moszczuk Barbara , Zielenkiewicz Magdalena , Pączek Leszek , Mucha Krzysztof 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIgA nephropathy (IgAN), membranous nephropathy (MN), and lupus nephritis (LN) represent important causes of chronic kidney disease. They belong to the immune-mediated glomerulonephritis (GNs), and have distinct pathogenesis, distinct clinical courses, and variable responses to treatment. Therefore, specific diagnostic procedures are necessary for more effective patient management. Recently, a role for oxidative stress has been proposed in various renal disorders. Thus, molecules related to oxidative stress, such as 2-Cys-peroxiredoxins (PRDXs), may represent plausible candidates for biomarkers in renal pathologies. The aim of this study was to assess whether there are differences between individual GNs and healthy controls in the context of PRDXs serum concentration. We enrolled 108 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN (47), MN (26), LN (35) and 30 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. The serum concentrations of PRDX 1–5 were measured with ELISA assays and correlated with demographic and clinical data. The PRDXs’ concentration varied depending on the GN type. We also observed an association of PRDXs with lower estimated glomerular filtration rates, complement, hemoglobin, and body mass index. Our study indicates that individual PRDX can play roles in pathophysiology of selected GNs and that their serum concentrations may become useful as a new supplementary diagnostic markers in IgAN, MN as well as LN. The results of this study open a new avenue for prospective research on PRDXs in renal diseases.
Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and alpha-linolenic acid are associated with physical capacity measure but not muscle mass in older women 65–72 years
Authors: Isanejad Masoud , Tajik Behnam , McArdle Anne , Tuppurainen Marjo , Sirola Joonas , Kröger Heikki , Rikkonen Toni , Erkkilä Arja 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim was to investigate the cross-sectional association of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids PUFA (alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) intake with multiple physical functions, muscle mass and fat mass in older women.MethodStudy subjects were 554 women from the Osteoporosis Risk Factor and Prevention Fracture Prevention Study, with dietary intake assessed with 3-day food record. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Physical function measures included walking speed 10 m, chair rises, one leg stance, knee extension, handgrip strength and squat. Short physical performance battery (SPPB) score was defined based on the European working group on sarcopenia criteria.ResultsThe multivariable adjusted models showed statistically significant associations for dietary ALA with higher SPPB (β = 0.118,P = 0.024), knee extension force at baseline (β = 0.075,P = 0.037) and lower fat mass (β = − 0.081,P = 0.034), as well as longer one-leg stance (β = 0.119,P = 0.010), higher walking speed (β = 0.113,P = 0.047), and ability to squat to the ground (β = 0.110,P = 0.027) at baseline. Total dietary omega-3 PUFA was associated with better SPPB (β = 0.108,P = 0.039), one-leg stance (β = 0.102,P = 0.041) and ability to squat (β = 0.110,P = 0.028), and with walking speed (β = 0.110,P = 0.028). However, associations for dietary EPA and DHA with physical function and body composition were not significant.ConclusionDietary omega-3 and ALA, but not EPA and DHA, were positively associated with muscle strength and function in older women. The intake of omega-3 and its subtypes was not associated with muscle mass. Longitudinal studies are needed to show whether omega-3 intake may be important for muscle function in older women.
Order preserving hierarchical agglomerative clustering
Authors: Bakkelund Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPartial orders and directed acyclic graphs are commonly recurring data structures that arise naturally in numerous domains and applications and are used to represent ordered relations between entities in the domains. Examples are task dependencies in a project plan, transaction order in distributed ledgers and execution sequences of tasks in computer programs, just to mention a few. We study the problem oforder preserving hierarchical clusteringof this kind of ordered data. That is, if we have$$a<b$$a<bin the original data and denote their respective clusters by [a] and [b], then we shall have$$[a]<[b]$$[a]<[b]in the produced clustering. The clustering is similarity based and uses standard linkage functions, such as single- and complete linkage, and is an extension of classical hierarchical clustering. To achieve this, we develop a novel theory that extends classical hierarchical clustering to strictly partially ordered sets. We define the output from running classical hierarchical clustering on strictly ordered data to bepartial dendrograms; sub-trees of classical dendrograms with several connected components. We then construct an embedding of partial dendrograms over a set into the family of ultrametrics over the same set. An optimal hierarchical clustering is defined as the partial dendrogram corresponding to the ultrametric closest to the original dissimilarity measure, measured in thep-norm. Thus, the method is a combination of classical hierarchical clustering and ultrametric fitting. A reference implementation is employed for experiments on both synthetic random data and real world data from a database of machine parts. When compared to existing methods, the experiments show that our method excels both in cluster quality and order preservation.
New Leadership – Führen in agilen Unternehmen
Authors: Möller Heidi , Giernalczyk Thomas 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Prinzip der Agilität stellt Führungskräfte vor die Herausforderung, Führung neu zu denken und umzusetzen. Sie verlieren Positionsmacht und müssen sich auf Augenhöhe einlassen und ihre Macht teilen. Unsere Reflexionsfragen helfen Führungskräften, vom „Nowland“ zum „Nextland“ zu kommen. Wir zeigen auf, wie sie durch agile Führung Handlungsspielraum und Einfluss auf gesellschaftliche Entwicklungen gewinnen, und stellen das Konzept „Psychologische Sicherheit“ als hilfreiche Methode zur Selbststeuerung vor.
Reaction Sintering of Ca3Co4O9 with BiCuSeO Nanosheets for High-Temperature Thermoelectric Composites
Authors: Hinterding Richard , Rieks Desiree , Kißling Patrick A. , Steinbach Lukas , Bigall Nadja C. , Feldhoff Armin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCeramic composites composed of oxide materials have been synthesized by reaction sintering of Ca3Co4O9 with BiCuSeO nanosheets. In situ x-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analyses of the compound powders were conducted to understand the phase transformations during heating up to 1173 K. Further thermogravimetric analyses investigated the thermal stability of the composites and the completion of reaction sintering. The microstructure of the formed phases after reaction sintering and the composition of the composites were investigated for varying mixtures. Depending on the amount of BiCuSeO used, the phases present and their composition differed, having a significant impact on the thermoelectric properties. The increase of the electrical conductivity at a simultaneously high Seebeck coefficient resulted in a large power factor of 5.4 $$\mu $$
μ
W cm−1 K−2, more than twice that of pristine Ca3Co4O9.
Powder Spread Process Monitoring in Polymer Laser Sintering and its Influences on Part Properties
Authors: Klippstein Sven Helge , Heiny Florian , Pashikanti Nagaraju , Gessler Monika , Schmid Hans-Joachim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConfidence in additive manufacturing technologies is directly related to the predictability of part properties, which is influenced by several factors. To gain confidence, online process monitoring with dedicated and reliable feedback is desirable for every process. In this project, a powder bed monitoring system was developed as a retrofit solution for the EOS P3 laser sintering machines. A high-resolution camera records each layer, which is analyzed by a Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network (Mask R-CNN). Over 2500 images were annotated and classified to train the network in detecting defects in the powder bed at a very high level. Each defect is checked for intersection with exposure areas. To distinguish between acceptable imperfections and critical defects that lead to part rejection, the impact of these imperfections on part properties is investigated.
Enabling Cost-Based Support Structure Optimization in Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metals
Authors: Bartsch K. , Emmelmann C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSupport structures are essential to laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M). They sustain overhangs, prevent distortion, and dissipate process-induced heat. Their removal after manufacturing is required, though, increasing the overall costs. Therefore, optimization is important to increase the economic efficiency of PBF-LB/M. To enable optimization focused on the support structures’ costs, a cost model is developed. The whole production process, including the design, manufacturing, and post-processing of a part, is considered by deriving formulas for the individual costs. The cost model is applied to a previously developed benchmark procedure. Additionally, a case study investigating different support layout strategies is conducted.