bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Waste utilization to enhance performance of road subbase fill
Authors: Onturk Kurban , Firat Seyhan , Yilmaz Gulgun , Khatib Jamal 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to use waste materials in construction to create sustainable practices. This will contribute towards circular economy which has gained momentum in recent years throughout the world.

Design/methodology/approach
Waste materials cause enormous environmental problems that can have an adverse effect on the environment. Recycling of waste consists an important part of the circular economy. Therefore, researchers have been investigating the economic use of a variety of waste materials for reducing their environmental impact. One potential usage is in road subbase fill materials where wastes can be incorporated in large quantities. In this study, the engineering properties of road subbase fill materials (i.e. kaolinite) mixed with Granite Waste (GW), coal Fly Ash (FA) and lime are investigated. Kaolinite was replaced with 15% lime and FA, whereas the GW replacement varied from 10% to 20%. Testing included strength of the various soil compositions subjected to different curing times. Also the microstructural analyses and phase changes of samples were conducted using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques, respectively. The results obtained indicate that GW can be incorporated in road base materials to improve its bearing capacity. The mixture consisting of 15% lime, 15% FA, 20% GW and 50% kaolinite resulted in maximum dry unit weight and optimum moisture content. Using GW exhibited a noticeable increase in the California Bearing Ratio of more than eight times at 1 day and 28 days curing regime compared with the control sample.

Findings
This study shows that GW and FA can be used for road subbase materials and can contribute toward a better and cleaner environment.

Originality/value
In this study, the engineering properties of road subbase fill materials (i.e. kaolinite) mixed with GW, coal FA and lime are investigated. This are value added in circular economy.
ICT-based collaborative framework for improving the performance of zakat management organisations in Indonesia
Authors: Mutamimah Mutamimah , Alifah Suryani , Gunawan Gunawan , Adnjani Made Dwi 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to propose a framework for information and communication technology (ICT)-based collaborative zakat management to improve zakat management in Indonesia, especially in collection, distribution and empowerment.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper used a constructive method that used the 3 C (communication, coordination and cooperation) model to develop a framework. This included initial assessment of the current usage of ICT in zakat management and the expectation of collaborative zakat management through in-depth interviews and questionnaires. A focus group discussion was conducted to validate the model.

Findings
ICT is currently used for the administration of zakat management, providing zakat online services and reporting zakat to the public; ICT is not used for collaboration. The proposed collaboration using the 3 C model consists of communication, coordination and cooperation. The focus group discussion validates the proposed ICT-based collaboration framework as an effective strategy for increasing zakat management.

Practical implications
The results highlight strengthening institutional capacity and decreasing overlaps in zakat collection, distribution and empowerment. Zakat institutions need to restructure and reconstruct business processes based on ICT collaboration, and government must provide regulations and ICT infrastructure.

Social implications
The results increase equity and capacity in zakat distribution and empowerment, therefore it can improve poverty alleviation.

Originality/value
The potential and usage of ICT for collaboration among zakat management organisations have not been thoroughly explored. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for collaboration among zakat institutions using ICT to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of zakat management.
The future of SEC enforcement under the Biden administration
Authors: Carney John J. , Barr Jonathan R. , Guillén Teresa Goody , Fokas Jimmy , Edgar Kevin R. , Tanney Michelle , Nadworthy Bari , Gaudreau Madison 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
To examine what to expect from Chair Gary Gensler’s SEC and the new Biden presidential administration following Chair Gensler’s U.S. Senate confirmation on April 14, 2021.

Design/methodology/approach
Reviews past SEC Chair Jay Clayton’s legacy and Chair Gensler’s prior regulatory actions and focus, and outlines Chair Gensler’s expected initiatives, including a heightened focus on cryptocurrency regulation, investigation of COVID-19-related fraud, and ESG and climate change disclosure.

Findings
This change will bring forth a Democratic majority at the SEC which, in turn, suggests that the Commission will change its current emphasis on capital formation to focus more on investor protection, rules required by the Dodd-Frank Act, inspections, examinations, and enforcement

Practical implications
Firms should examine their compliance programs in anticipation of heightened advocacy for investor protection; an increased focus on cryptocurrency and blockchain technology, as well as ESG disclosures with an emphasis on climate change; and an increase in inspections and examinations which will drive more enforcement in the fund industry, as well as increases in initiatives regarding transparency, additional disclosures, and investor protection. Organizations will also benefit by reexamining their existing compliance programs with the advice of counsel as a mechanism to mitigate the risk of potential securities laws violations.

Originality/value
Practical guidance from experienced securities enforcement and litigation lawyers.
Auditor tenure and audit quality: an investigation of moderating factors prior to the commencement of mandatory rotations in India
Authors: Jadiyappa Nemiraja , Hickman L. Emily , Kakani Ram Kumar , Abidi Qambar 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The Indian Companies Act 2013 mandated auditor rotations in the financial year 2018–2019. Similar regulations are being considered in many countries, based on the assumption that longer tenure is detrimental to audit quality; yet, the evidence from investigations of this assumption is inconclusive. This paper aims to examine the effect of moderating factors on the relation between audit quality and audit tenure, given the regulatory trend and the lack of consensus in extant literature.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper examines the relationship between audit quality and audit tenure among Indian firms from 2001 to 2015 and tests for moderating factors including auditor compensation, business group affiliation and chief executive officer (CEO) duality.

Findings
Contrary to the objective of mandatory rotations, this study finds that longer auditor tenure generally enhanced audit quality among Indian firms prior to mandatory rotations. However, for companies paying abnormally high compensation to auditors, this paper finds that longer tenure decreases audit quality, particularly if the firm is affiliated with a business group or firms where the CEO also serves as the board chair. Thus, the potential benefits of mandated shorter tenure appear to be confined to high-fee paying companies with a business group affiliation and/or a dual-role CEO.

Originality/value
This study is one of the first to examine conditioning factors that affect the relationship between audit quality and auditor tenure. Results suggest that regulations limiting auditor tenure would be beneficial only to the shareholders of a narrow group of firms; while for the majority of firms, limiting auditor tenure may actually be counter-productive.
Tribological performance of self-lubricated polyamide6/boric oxide composites after water conditioning
Authors: Randhawa Kawaljit Singh , Patel Ashwin 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the tribological performance, i.e. abrasion resistance, friction coefficient and wear rates, of self-lubricated water conditioned polyamide6/boric oxide composites.

Design/methodology/approach
Polyamide6 and polyamide6/boric oxide self-lubricated composites were immersed in water for 15 days to analyze the effect of water conditioning on friction, wear and abrasion resistance. Tribological testing on pin-on-disc tribometer and abrasion resistance testing on TABER abrader were performed to see the friction coefficient and wear rates of materials. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations were performed to analyze the wear tracks.

Findings
Tribological testing results revealed the loss in abrasive resistance, but there was an improvement in frictional coefficient and wear rates with steel after water absorption. The SEM images clearly show less depth of wear tracks in water-conditioned materials than dry ones. Water conditioning was found supportive in the formation of smooth lubricating transfer film on steel disc during the tribological testing.

Originality/value
The tribological behaviour of polymer composites is different in dry and in high humidity or water conditions. Experiments were performed to investigate B2O3 solid lubricant filler effectiveness on tribological behaviour of water-conditioned polyamide composites. Bonding between polyamide6 and water molecules plus the formation of orthoboric acid was found advantageous in decreasing the friction coefficient and wear rates of composites.
Development of two dosimetry systems based on basic violet dye for possible use as radiation dosimeters
Authors: Magdy Nehad , Gafar Sameh 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this research paper is to study a comparison between two dosimetry systems, both of them based on basic violet dye (BV).

Design/methodology/approach
The first system depends on (BV) (incorporating polyvinyl alcohol) as a thin-film dosimeter. The second system also relies on (BV) as a solution dosimeter, which is more sensitive to gamma rays. The two prepared film/solutions have a considerable signal that decreases upon irradiation and the strength of the signal decreases with increasing radiation dose.

Findings
The gamma ray absorbed dose for these dosimeters was found to be up to 35 kGy for films and 1 kGy for the liquid phase. All dosimetric characteristics as radiation chemical yield, additive substance, dose-response function, radiation sensitivity, also before and after-irradiation stability under various conditions were considered.

Practical implications
It is expected the vital role of gamma radiation on this dye in its two forms or two media. This reveals their wide applications in the field of gamma irradiation processing.

Originality/value
These two dosimetry systems which depend upon the same dye are safe to handle, inexpensive, available raw materials and can be applied in various dosimetry applications as mentioned above.
A qualitative phenomenological exploration of social mood and investors’ risk tolerance in an emerging economy
Authors: Asad Humaira , Toqeer Iqra , Mahmood Khalid 
Published: August 2021

PurposeThe authors design a theoretical perspective that explores how different phases of social mood influence financial risk tolerance (FRT) among investors. Risk is involved in almost all financial decision-making. For a better understanding of risk tolerance behavior, the role played by social mood cannot be ignored. This study aims to explore the linkage between social mood and FRT of investors in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachUsing qualitative phenomenology as the guiding framework, 22 interviews were conducted to have a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of investors with at least 10 years of investment experience. Thematic analysis was done to analyze data. Audio-recording, bracketing, triangulation and member checking were done to ensure validity and reliability.FindingsA theoretical model is developed using the six themes identified through thematic analysis. This model presents an in-depth analysis of the determinants of social mood, its multiple phases and its impact on risk tolerance behavior. Findings reveal that the level of financial literacy, experience and purpose of investment moderate the effect of social mood on FRT.Practical implicationsInvestors can manage risk and increase their profits by controlling the effects of social mood. They can benefit from the market situation by taking more risk when the market is extremely low. The advisors can frame their advice in the light of the model.Originality/valueAccording to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that explores investors’ risk tolerance in response to variations in social mood in the context of an emerging economy. The paper has contributed conceptually and methodologically. It uses phenomenology as the method and develops a theoretical model that describes how different types of investors adjust their risk tolerance in response to changes in their social mood.
Microbial anhydrobiosis
Authors: Bosch Jason , Varliero Gilda , Hallsworth John E. , Dallas Tiffany D. , Hopkins David , Frey Beat , Kong Weidong , Lebre Pedro , Makhalanyane Thulani P. , Cowan Don A. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe loss of cellular water (desiccation) and the resulting low cytosolic water activity are major stress factors for life. Numerous prokaryotic and eukaryotic taxa have evolved molecular and physiological adaptions to periods of low water availability or water‐limited environments that occur across the terrestrial Earth. The changes within cells during the processes of desiccation and rehydration, from the activation (and inactivation) of biosynthetic pathways to the accumulation of compatible solutes, have been studied in considerable detail. However, relatively little is known on the metabolic status of organisms in the desiccated state; that is, in the sometimes extended periods between the drying and rewetting phases. During these periods, which can extend beyond decades and which we term ‘anhydrobiosis’, organismal survival could be dependent on a continued supply of energy to maintain the basal metabolic processes necessary for critical functions such as macromolecular repair. Here, we review the state of knowledge relating to the function of microorganisms during the anhydrobiotic state, highlighting substantial gaps in our understanding of qualitative and quantitative aspects of molecular and biochemical processes in desiccated cells.
Are we overlooking the rural patient journey when it comes to sepsis diagnosis and management?
Authors: Kirby Jordan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSurviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines have progressively moved towards faster time‐based treatment targets over recent years despite international data consistently showing low protocol adherence. A key stakeholder in Australian healthcare remains overlooked in sepsis research: the under‐resourced rural ED. The journey of the rural patient markedly differs to that of the metropolitan patient, involving greater reliance upon patient transfers, reduced staffing and resource inaccessibility, directly impacting on sepsis protocol adherence and patient outcomes. Greater representation of rural patients and EDs in Australian sepsis research is paramount in guiding future sepsis treatment protocols. This perspective piece explores current international sepsis literature, recognising significant barriers to sepsis protocol adherence specific to rural Australian EDs.
Identification of Rab family genes and functional analyses of LmRab5 and LmRab11A in the development and RNA interference of Locusta migratoria
Authors: Abbas Mureed , Fan Yun‐He , Shi Xue‐Kai , Gao Lu , Wang Yan‐Li , Li Tao , Cooper Anastasia M.W. , Silver Kristopher , Zhu Kun Yan , Zhang Jian‐Zhen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRab proteins constitute the largest family of small GTPases, which play pivotal roles in intracellular membrane trafficking in all eukaryotes. A number of Rab genes have been identified in eukaryotes; however, very little information about these genes has been reported in insects. In the current study, for the first time we identified and characterized 27 Rab family genes from Locusta migratoria. Phylogenetic analysis and comparison of domain architecture indicated that Rab family genes are highly conserved among insect species. Tissue‐dependent expression profiles indicated that expression of Rab genes was highest in the ovary, except for LmRab3, which was most highly expressed in hemolymph. The biological function of each Rab gene was investigated using RNA interference (RNAi). Double‐stranded RNA targeting each Rab gene was injected into the hemocoel of nymphs and revealed that suppression of two Rab genes (LmRab5 and LmRab11A) caused 100% mortality. In addition, nymphs injected with dsLmRab5 exhibited severe phenotypic defects in the gastric caeca and midgut, while dsLmRab11A arrested the molting process. We then applied the RNAi of RNAi technique to test if silencing either of these two genes would affect the suppression of the lethal giant larvae (LmLgl) reporter gene and found that suppression of LmRab5 diminished the RNAi efficiency of LmLgl, whereas suppression of LmRab11A enhanced RNAi efficiency of LmLgl. These results indicate that Rab genes contribute differently to RNAi efficiency in different tissues. Our study provides a foundation for further functional investigations of Rab genes and their contributions to RNAi efficiency in L. migratoria.
Asymmetry in process‐based model relationships: A longitudinal study of adjudicated adolescents*
Authors: Thompson Andrew J. , Pickett Justin T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe asymmetry hypothesis predicts that negative police encounters matter more than positive ones for legitimacy, suggesting that officers may get little credit for using procedural justice. We tested the asymmetry hypothesis and extended it to other process‐based model relationships by estimating asymmetric fixed effects models with longitudinal data from adjudicated adolescents. By utilizing within‐individual variability and decomposing accumulated positive and negative changes in the predictors, these models pushed beyond the limits of existing research. Prior studies of asymmetric effects in policing either focused on the impact of a single encounter, often one that was both hypothetical and vicarious, or were unable to control for all time‐invariant confounders. Our findings reveal that positive and negative changes in perceived procedural justice are both related to changes in legitimacy. The relationship is symmetric for global perceptions of procedural justice but asymmetric for encounter‐specific perceptions. Both positive and negative changes in legitimacy are related to changes in offending variety, but the relationship is symmetric. The implications are that police do get credit for procedural justice, and that they must work to maintain legitimacy once they have it, because it is something that can be lost, and its loss has consequences for offending.
Targeting of fluorescent Lactococcus lactis to colorectal cancer cells through surface display of tumour‐antigen binding proteins
Authors: Plavec Tina Vida , Mitrović Ana , Perišić Nanut Milica , Štrukelj Borut , Kos Janko , Berlec Aleš 
Published: August 2021

SummaryDevelopment of targeted treatment for colorectal cancer is crucial to avoid side effects. To harness the possibilities offered by microbiome engineering, we prepared safe multifunctional cancer cell‐targeting bacteria Lactococcus lactis. They displayed, on their surface, binding proteins for cancer‐associated transmembrane receptors epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and co‐expressed an infrared fluorescent protein for imaging. Binding of engineered L. lactis to tumour antigens EpCAM and HER2 was confirmed and characterised in vitro using soluble receptors. The proof‐of‐principle of targeting was demonstrated on human cell lines HEK293, HT‐29 and Caco‐2 with fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. The highest L. lactis adhesion was seen for the HEK293 cells with the overexpressed tumour antigens, where colocalisation with their tumour antigens was seen for 39% and 67% of EpCAM‐targeting and HER2‐targeting bacteria, respectively. On the other hand, no binding was observed to HEK293 cells without tumour antigens, confirming the selectivity of the engineered L. lactis. Apart from cell targeting in static conditions, targeting ability of engineered L. lactis was also shown in conditions of constant flow of bacterial suspension over the HEK293 cells. Successful targeting by engineered L. lactis support the future use of these bacteria in biopharmaceutical delivery for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Trajectories of reward availability moderate the impact of brief alcohol interventions on alcohol severity in heavy‐drinking young adults
Authors: Murphy James G. , Campbell Kevin W. , Joyner Keanan J. , Dennhardt Ashley A. , Martens Matthew P. , Borsari Brian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundBehavioral economic theory predicts that low access to environmental reward is a risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD). The Substance‐Free Activity Session (SFAS) is a behavioral economic supplement to standard brief alcohol interventions that attempts to increase environmental reward and may therefore have beneficial effects, particularly for individuals with low levels of environmental reward.MethodsParticipants were 393 college students who reported at least 2 heavy‐drinking episodes in the past month. Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions following a baseline assessment: a standard alcohol‐focused brief motivational intervention plus relaxation training session (BMI + RT), BMI plus Substance‐Free Activity Session (BMI + SFAS), or an assessment‐only control condition (AO). In a secondary analysis of the data from this study, we used person‐centered statistical techniques to describe trajectories of alcohol severity and environmental reward over a 16‐month follow‐up and examined whether environmental reward levels moderated the effectiveness of the interventions.ResultsPiecewise growth mixture modeling identified 2 trajectories of reward availability: low increasing (LR; n = 120) and high stable (HR; n = 273). Depressive symptoms, cannabis use, sensation seeking, and low life satisfaction were associated with a greater probability of classification in the LR trajectory. Alcohol severity was greater in the LR trajectory than the HR trajectory. For students in the LR trajectory, at 1, 6, and 12 months, BMI + SFAS led to greater increases in reward availability and reduced levels of alcohol severity compared with the BMI + RT and AO conditions and at 16 months compared with AO.ConclusionsYoung adults with low levels of environmental reward are at heightened risk for greater alcohol severity and may show greater benefit from brief alcohol interventions that focus on increasing substance‐free reward than individuals who are not deficient in reward availability.