bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing home admissions for persons with dementia: Role of home‐ and community‐based services
Authors: Wang Sijiu , Yan Di , Temkin‐Greener Helena , Cai Shubing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship between Medicaid home‐ and community‐based services (HCBS) generosity and the likelihood of nursing home (NH) admission for dually enrolled older adults with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) and their level of physical and cognitive impairment at NH admission.Data SourcesNational Medicare data, Medicaid Analytic eXtract, and MDS 3.0 for CY2010‐2013 were linked.Study DesignEligible Medicare–Medicaid dual beneficiaries with ADRD were identified and followed for up to a year. We constructed two measures of HCBS generosity, breadth and intensity, at the county level for older duals with ADRD. Three binary outcomes were defined as follows: any NH placement during the follow‐up year for all individuals in the sample, high (vs. not high) physical impairment, and high (vs. not high) cognitive impairment at the time of NH admission for those who were admitted to an NH. Logistic regressions with state‐fixed effects and county random effects were estimated for these outcomes, respectively, accounting for individual‐ and county‐level covariates.Data Extraction MethodsThe study sample included 365,310 community‐dwelling older dual beneficiaries with ADRD who were enrolled in fee‐for‐service Medicare and Medicaid between October 1, 2010, and December 31, 2012.Principal FindingsConsiderable variations of breadth and intensity in county‐level HCBS were observed. We found that a 10‐percentage‐point increase in HCBS breadth was associated with a 1.4 (p < 0.01)‐percentage‐point reduction in the likelihood of NH admission. Among individuals with NH admission, greater HCBS breadth was associated with a higher level of physical impairment, and greater HCBS intensity was associated with a higher level of physical and cognitive impairment at NH admission.ConclusionsAmong community‐dwelling duals with ADRD, Medicaid HCBS generosity was associated with a lower likelihood of NH admission and greater functional impairment at NH admission.
Health status and housing tenure decisions of older Australians
Authors: Awaworyi Churchill Sefa , Yew Siew Ling , Nguyen Thi Minh Thu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study empirically examines the effects of health status on housing tenure decisions of older Australians. Using longitudinal data drawn from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey covering 2001–2017, we measure health status using self‐reported health scores and capture aspects of housing tenure decisions including homeownership, housing transition between owning and renting, and ownership downsizing or upsizing. Our results suggest that better health is associated with a higher probability of owning a home; a lower probability of transitioning from homeownership to renting; and a higher probability of transitioning from renting to homeownership. We also find a positive association between health and decisions to downsize and upsize although the probability is slightly higher for downsizing compared to upsizing. These findings are robust to a suite of sensitivity checks including alternative estimation methods, alternative measures of health and housing transitions, and to different population subgroups. We find that the preference to continue living in an area is an important channel through which health influences homeownership and housing transition between owning and renting. Our findings point to the need for policies that promote healthy aging and improve home and community healthcare services.
Handling missing data in a rheumatoid arthritis registry using random forest approach
Authors: Alsaber Ahmad , Al‐Herz Adeeba , Pan Jiazhu , AL‐Sultan Ahmad T. , Mishra Divya ,   KRRD Group
Published: August 2021

AbstractMissing data in clinical epidemiological research violate the intention‐to‐treat principle, reduce the power of statistical analysis, and can introduce bias if the cause of missing data is related to a patient's response to treatment. Multiple imputation provides a solution to predict the values of missing data. The main objective of this study is to estimate and impute missing values in patient records. The data from the Kuwait Registry for Rheumatic Diseases was used to deal with missing values among patient records. A number of methods were implemented to deal with missing data; however, choosing the best imputation method was judged by the lowest root mean square error (RMSE). Among 1735 rheumatoid arthritis patients, we found missing values vary from 5% to 65.5% of the total observations. The results show that sequential random forest method can estimate these missing values with a high level of accuracy. The RMSE varied between 2.5 and 5.0. missForest had the lowest imputation error for both continuous and categorical variables under each missing data rate (10%, 20%, and 30%) and had the smallest prediction error difference when the models used the imputed laboratory values.
Pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in non‐small cell lung cancer with EGFR ex20ins mutation: A case report
Authors: Zhang Meng , Nie Ligong , Cheng Yuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe efficacy of immunotherapy in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations is not well clarified, even though immunotherapy has brought revolutionary improvements in EGFR wild‐type NSCLC. In addition, pseudoprogression has increased the difficulty in immunotherapy management and data on the incidence of pseudoprogression in patients with EGFR exon 20 insertions (ex20ins) is rarely reported. Here, we discuss the case of an advanced lung adenocarcinoma patient with EGFR ex20ins alteration. The patient received pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy as first‐line therapy and disease control was achieved. Progression‐free survival (PFS) was 9 months. The patient was subsequently treated with pembrolizumab plus docetaxel and bevacizumab as second‐line therapy and the disease remained stable. After two cycles of first‐line treatment, the patient showed improvement in performance and the primary left upper lung lesion was stable; however, there was an increase in size as well as number of small diffuse bilateral pulmonary nodules. Therapy was maintained with the original regimen and complete regression of the bilateral lung nodules was achieved after a third cycle of treatment. Pseudoprogression was diagnosed. In the case reported here, we advocate the use of a PD‐L1 inhibitor plus conventional chemotherapy in advanced NSCLC patients harboring EGFR ex20ins mutation and hope that our experience might be beneficial to other clinicians in distinguishing pseudoprogression from true progression.
Disturbance ecology and the problem of n = 1: A proposed framework for unifying disturbance ecology studies to address theory across multiple ecological systems
Authors: Buma Brian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Disturbances are a key part of ecosystem dynamics at multiple scales. They can maintain ephemeral habitat, alter local and landscape biodiversity, drive carbon balance changes and trigger whole ecosystem regime shifts. Yet, there are few theories and only limited frameworks underlying disturbance ecology by which scientists and practitioners can anticipate the impacts of novel disturbances or changes in disturbance regimes. Much of the challenge in developing and testing theories lies in the diversity of ecosystems and disturbance processes and the general inability to (a) properly replicate studies and (b) compare results across disparate systems, from bacterial communities to boreal forests.

General syntheses of disturbance processes have identified key aspects of disturbance impact and response—resource stock change, resource flux change, spatial dynamics and trait diversity—that should apply across systems. Yet, application and testing remain challenging due to a lack of a common set of metrics and baselines for comparisons across systems.

Here, I propose a discipline‐wide effort to develop and publish standardized metrics (in addition to study‐specific data) such that the field as a whole can build and test general theory that works across ecological systems. Ten metrics spanning event type, location/design data and biotic composition comprise this suite of ‘minimum descriptors’ and are directly derived from current disturbance ecology theory. Several examples of cross‐system applicability, from bacterial studies to palaeoecological disturbances, are noted. These are example metrics, intended to open the conversation about the most appropriate and theory‐based lines of commonality across the field, and they may be further refined through cross‐disciplinary conversation.

The result of standardizing metrics will be a coordinated dataset that allows for inter‐system testing of theory, meaning disturbance ecology studies can move past disparate, seemingly unique systems with little replication to integrated research. To phrase it in another way, disturbance ecology studies should be planned, in part, to contribute to future quantitative meta‐analyses. If done, we (as a community) will be much better prepared to address the challenges of emerging disturbances, novel ecosystems, and no‐analogue changes in disturbance regimes which are anticipated with climate change and increasing human pressures.
The effect of willow diversity on insect herbivory and predation
Authors: Kollberg Ida , Weih Martin , Glynn Carolyn 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The relationship between plant diversity and ecosystems functions such as regulation of insect herbivory is complex and context‐dependent. The empirical data necessary to account for these interactions are scarce.
Our objective is to test the top‐down effects of predation and bottom‐up effects of plant traits to understand what drives patterns of herbivory in managed systems.
We established single‐ and multiple‐variety willow field plots with up to four varieties, to study herbivory and predation, and greenhouse experiments to investigate the effects on insect preference and performance.
Herbivore damage in the field was higher in single‐ as opposed to multiple‐variety plots for the two most prevalent insect types in one of the 3 years. Predation was higher in multiple‐variety plots than in pure plots during 2016 but the opposite occurred in 2018. Predation on leaf beetle eggs was higher in multiple‐variety plots, but the result was related to specific variety mixtures rather than increased numbers of varieties. Leaf beetle feeding choice and egg‐laying were influenced to some extent by plant diversity.
Our results give insights into the links between plant diversity, composition and levels of herbivore damage. They also spark questions about how temporal aspects influence these links.
The first genome‐wide association study concerning idiopathic epilepsy in Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen
Authors: Deschain T. , Fabricius J. , Berendt M. , Fredholm M. , Karlskov‐Mortensen P. 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe dog breed Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen has a relatively high prevalence of idiopathic epilepsy compared to other dog breeds and previous studies have suggested a genetic cause of the disease in this breed. Based on these observations, a genome‐wide association study was performed to identify possible epilepsy‐causing loci. The study included 30 unaffected and 23 affected dogs, genotyping of 170K SNPs, and data analysis using plink and emmax. Suggestive associations at CFA13, CFA24 and CFA35 were identified with markers close to three strong candidate genes. However, subsequent sequencing of exons of the three genes did not reveal sequence variations, which could explain development of the disease. This is, to our knowledge, the first report on loci and genes with a possible connection to idiopathic epilepsy in Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen. However, further studies are needed to conclusively identify the genetic cause of idiopathic epilepsy in this dog breed.
The integrative biology of genetic dominance
Authors: Billiard Sylvain , Castric Vincent , Llaurens Violaine 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTDominance is a basic property of inheritance systems describing the link between a diploid genotype at a single locus and the resulting phenotype. Models for the evolution of dominance have long been framed as an opposition between the irreconcilable views of Fisher in 1928 supporting the role of largely elusive dominance modifiers and Wright in 1929, who viewed dominance as an emerging property of the structure of enzymatic pathways. Recent theoretical and empirical advances however suggest that these opposing views can be reconciled, notably using models investigating the regulation of gene expression and developmental processes. In this more comprehensive framework, phenotypic dominance emerges from departures from linearity between any levels of integration in the genotype‐to‐phenotype map. Here, we review how these different models illuminate the emergence and evolution of dominance. We then detail recent empirical studies shedding new light on the diversity of molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying dominance and its evolution. By reconciling population genetics and functional biology, we hope our review will facilitate cross‐talk among research fields in the integrative study of dominance evolution.
Urban Precarity and Aspirational Compromise: Feeling Otherwise in a Mozambican Suburb
Authors: Archambault Julie Soleil 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe rapidly expanding Mozambican suburb of Inhapossa is very much the product of urban precarity. Indeed, most people only end up there after having exhausted other options. Striking, however, is how residents have, in recent years, discursively and materially constructed the suburb as an idyllic urban place in the making, so much so that Inhapossa has become one of the most coveted neighborhoods in the area. This article proposes an ethnographic reflection on urban precarity that draws on theories “from the South” and extends the notion of suburb to the shifting urban edge in Mozambique. It examines how local land struggles have created new opportunities for people from very different backgrounds, and whose lives became entangled in unexpected life‐enhancing ways, to craft better futures for themselves and their families. Locating the transformative potential of urban precarity in the work of attuning one’s aspirations with one’s circumstances, it shows how the suburb—a space of aspirational compromise—can become a space of aspirational achievement.
“Race Is a Fiction; Racism Is Not”? Understandings of Race in Antiracist Education
Authors: Bynum Gregory 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhilosophers and other scholars writing on the idea of race have pointed to a tension, in society and in intellectual life, between (1) an understanding of race as an experienced identity, the experience of which must not be denied in the interest of both social justice and critical attentiveness to social structures of racist oppression; and (2) the idea that “race” is a fiction — that, in light of ever‐increasing biological and genetic evidence, race is a clearly inadequate and inappropriate way of categorizing human beings, an oppressive, unjust, and inhumane myth. In this conflicted situation, how should educators, and educational philosophers in particular, respond to racism? Gregory Bynum takes this as the central question of his article: Should educators move away from a view of race as defining people's identities to an understanding of race as a fiction, to be relegated to the past?
The cross‐sectional return predictability of employment growth: A liquidity risk explanation
Authors: Liu Weimin , Luo Di , Park Seyoung , Zhao Huainan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEmployment growth (EG) is related to liquidity fundamentals of investment opportunities, firm health, and information environment and quality. This, in turn, implies that liquidity risk may play a role in explaining the relation between EG and stock returns. We find strong empirical evidence supporting the link between EG and liquidity risk. Stocks of high‐EG firms are more liquid and exposed to lower liquidity risk than stocks of low‐EG firms. After adjusting for liquidity risk, EG loses its power to predict returns.
Shifts in fine‐scale distribution and breeding success of boreal waterbirds along gradients in ice‐out timing and habitat structure
Authors: Pöysä Hannu , Paasivaara Antti 
Published: August 2021

AbstractClimate change and other anthropogenic stressors affect freshwater ecosystems worldwide. A prominent manifestation of climate change impacts on aquatic systems at high latitudes is the advance of ice‐out date (IOD). Earlier IOD should be advantageous for species such as migratory waterbirds that are dependent on open water to initiate breeding; earlier breeding usually means higher reproductive success.However, advance of IOD may induce phenological mismatches that have negative impacts on the species involved. This may alter habitat dynamics, challenging habitat selection by breeding individuals. An additional challenge is imposed by changes in habitat quality, particularly if preferred habitats deteriorate.Here, we investigated how the fine‐scale distribution of breeding individuals and breeding success have changed along gradients in IOD and habitat structure (richness of emergent vegetation) in a boreal waterbird assemblage in southeastern Finland from 1991 to 2018.IOD varied considerably between nearby lakes. The distribution of breeding individuals of the common teal (Anas crecca) and horned grebe (Podiceps auritus) shifted toward lakes with relatively late IOD while Eurasian wigeon (Mareca penelope) and tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) shifted toward lakes with sparse emergent vegetation. Also, breeding success in common teal showed a decreasing trend at lakes with relatively early IOD, while it increased on lakes with relatively late IOD. Success in tufted duck breeding decreased on lakes with rich emergent vegetation, while the opposite was true on lakes with sparse emergent vegetation. The mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) was the only species that did not show a shift in breeding distribution or breeding success along either of the environmental gradients.The findings suggest that a potentially positive climate‐driven impact on breeding phenology (earlier IOD) was over‐ridden by negative changes in habitat quality. The results underline the need to understand the complexity of the effects of multiple stressors in boreal freshwater ecosystems for their successful management.
Ccdc134 deficiency impairs cerebellar development and motor coordination
Authors: Yin Sha , Liao Qinyuan , Wang Yida , Shi Qianwen , Xia Peng , Yi Ming , Huang Jing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCoiled‐coil domain containing 134 (CCDC134) has been shown to serve as an immune cytokine to exert antitumor effects and to act as a novel regulator of hADA2a to affect PCAF acetyltransferase activity. While Ccdc134 loss causes abnormal brain development in mice, the significance of CCDC134 in neuronal development in vivo is controversial. Here, we report that CCDC134 is highly expressed in Purkinje cells (PCs) at all developmental stages and regulates mammalian cerebellar development in a cell type‐specific manner. Selective deletion of Ccdc134 in mouse neural stem cells (NSCs) caused defects in cerebellar morphogenesis, including a decrease in the number of PCs and impairment of PC dendritic growth, as well as abnormal granule cell development. Moreover, loss of Ccdc134 caused progressive motor dysfunction with deficits in motor coordination and motor learning. Finally, Ccdc134 deficiency inhibited Wnt signaling but increased Ataxin1 levels. Our findings provide evidence that CCDC134 plays an important role in cerebellar development, possibly through regulating Wnt signaling and Ataxin1 expression levels, and in controlling cerebellar function for motor coordination and motor learning, ultimately making it a potential contributor to cerebellar pathogenesis.
Walking speed and short physical performance battery are associated with conversion to long‐term care need: A study in outpatients of a locomotive syndrome‐frailty clinic
Authors: Kawamura Koki , Kondo Izumi , Osawa Aiko , Tanimoto Masanori , Matsui Yasumoto , Arai Hidenori 
Published: August 2021

AimAs the number of frail and disabled older people increases in Japan, systems are needed to detect efficiently the populations at high risk in need of care and to allow early intervention. We investigated cut‐off values for those physical functioning assessments adopted by AWGS 2019 associated with new or worsening long‐term care insurance (LTCI) certification.MethodsWe recruited 497 outpatients from our locomotive syndrome‐frailty clinic. After excluding patients who had undergone orthopedic surgery right after assessment or ≤65 years old, 233 patients (mean age, 78 ± 6 years) were included. Logistic regression analysis was performed using new certification for LTCI services need or deterioration of care status in 1 year as the dependent variable and physical function and other assessments as independent variables. Next, we constructed receiver operating characteristic curves and calculated areas under the curve and optimal cut‐off values.ResultsDuring 1‐year follow‐up, 37 patients (16%) obtained new certification for LTCI services need or deterioration of status. After adjusting, usual walking speed and Short Physical Performance Battery score were significantly associated with outcomes. With receiver operating characteristic curves, usual walking speed as the test variable showed an area under the curve of 0.740 with a cut‐off of 0.92 m/s, whereas the Short Physical Performance Battery score showed an area under the curve of 0.737 with a cut‐off score of 9.ConclusionsSlower walking speed and lower Short Physical Performance Battery score may predict new or worsening LTCI for older people. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 919–925.