bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dietary Inflammatory Index and hepatic health in the US adult population
Authors: Ramírez‐Vélez Robinson , García‐Hermoso Antonio , Izquierdo Mikel , Correa‐Rodríguez María 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is limited evidence on the role of an anti‐/pro‐inflammatory diet in the prevention of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed (i) to assess the anti‐inflammatory diet profile and its association with transient elastography parameters, including liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), and (ii) to analyse the relationship between the anti‐inflammatory diet and surrogate markers of liver disease in a multiethnic US population.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on a nationally representative population of 4189 US adults aged 20–80 years. A FibroScan® 502 V2 device (Echosens) was used to estimate the CAP and LSM. Liver markers, including the aspartate transaminase (AST) to alanine transaminase (ALT) ratio, fatty liver index (FLI) and fibrosis‐4 score, were also calculated. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) was calculated using a 24‐h diet recall.ResultsLower DII scores (anti‐inflammatory diet) were associated with a lower AST:ALT ratio (p < 0.001) and FLI (p < 0.036) after adjusting for covariates. Linear regression analysis revealed that gamma‐glutamyl transferase levels (β = 1.702, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.325–3.080, p = 0.015), ALT levels (β = −0.616, 95% CI = −1.097 to −0.135, p = 0.012), AST:ALT ratio (β = 0.025, 95% CI = 0.014–0.036, p < 0.001) and FLI (β = 1.168, 95% CI = 0.224–2.112, p = 0.015) were significantly associated with the DII in the multivariable‐adjusted model. Participants in the highest anti‐inflammatory tertile had the lowest odds ratio (OR) for NAFLD assessed by FLI in both unadjusted (OR = 0.652, 95% CI = 0.539–0.788, p ≤ 0.001) and adjusted models (OR = 0.722, 95% CI = 0.537–0.972, p = 0.032). For the transient elastography parameters (LSM and CAP), no significant associations were identified.ConclusionsThere was no relationship between the transient elastography parameters and the anti‐inflammatory diet profile, although our study showed an association between higher pro‐inflammatory properties of diet and poorer hepatic health assessed by surrogate markers of liver disease. Therefore, strategies to promote an anti‐inflammatory diet should be considered to prevent NAFLD in adults.
Relationship quality in midlife: A comparison of dating, living apart together, cohabitation, and marriage
Authors: Brown Susan L. , Manning Wendy D. , Wu Huijing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study compared the relationship quality of US midlife adults in dating, living apart together (LAT) relationships, cohabitation, and marriage.BackgroundUnmarried partnerships are gaining ground in midlife but how these partnerships compare to each other and to marriage is unclear. From an incomplete institutionalization perspective, those in unmarried relationships, especially LAT relationships but also cohabitations, face challenges due to unclear relationship norms and expectations, which may eventuate in poorer relationship quality than that of the married. Alternatively, cohabitation and, by extension, LAT relationships offer flexibility and autonomy and thus may function as an alternative to marriage marked by comparable relationship quality.MethodData were drawn from the 2013 Families and Relationships Survey, a nationally representative survey of US adults. The analytic sample was composed of adults aged 50–65 in a partnership (N = 2166). Multivariable models compared the associations between relationship type (dating, LAT, cohabiting, and married) and relationship quality (happiness, support, commitment, disagreement, and instability).ResultsThe incomplete institutionalization perspective was supported for LATs, who tended to report poorer relationship quality than marrieds. For cohabitors, this perspective received mixed support. Although cohabitors reported less happiness and commitment than marrieds, which aligned with the incomplete institutionalization perspective, the groups did not differ on relationship support, disagreement, or instability, supporting the cohabitation as an alternative to marriage perspective. Dating, LAT, and cohabiting relationships were remarkably alike.ConclusionThis study has implications for understanding the shifting landscape of relationships in midlife which in turn may shape individual health and well‐being.
Gene expression responses to thermal shifts in the endangered lichen Lobaria pulmonaria
Authors: Chavarria‐Pizarro Tania , Resl Philipp , Janjic Aleksandar , Werth Silke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic climate change has led to unprecedented shifts in temperature across many ecosystems. In a context of rapid environmental changes, acclimation is an important process as it may influence the capacity of organisms to survive under novel thermal conditions. Mechanisms of acclimation could involve upregulation of stress response genes involved in protein folding, DNA damage repair and the regulation of signal transduction genes, along with a simultaneous downregulation of genes involved in growth or the cell cycle, in order to maintain cellular functions and equilibria. We transplanted Lobaria pulmonaria lichens originating from different forests to determine the relative effects of long‐term acclimation and genetic factors on the variability in expression of mycobiont and photobiont genes. We found a strong response of the mycobiont and photobiont to high temperatures, regardless of sample origin. The green‐algal photobiont had an overall lower response than the mycobiont. Gene expression of both symbionts was also influenced by acclimation to transplantation sites and by genetic factors. L. pulmonaria seems to have evolved powerful molecular pathways to deal with environmental fluctuations and stress and can acclimate to new habitats by transcriptomic convergence. Although L. pulmonaria has the molecular machinery to counteract short‐term thermal stress, survival of lichens such as L. pulmonaria depends mostly on their long‐term positive carbon balance, which can be compromised by higher temperatures and reduced precipitation, and both these outcomes have been predicted for Central Europe in connection with global climate change.
Ride comfort assessment for automated vehicles utilizing a road surface model and Monte Carlo simulations
Authors: Genser Alexander , Spielhofer Roland , Nitsche Philippe , Kouvelas Anastasios 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe growing number of automated vehicles (AVs) necessitates good ride comfort for passengers. This research investigates currently available ride comfort methods and evaluates their performance with a validated simulation framework. The methodology developed encompasses a high‐precision road surface model and uses Monte Carlo simulations to compile accurate and representative virtual chassis acceleration data. By utilizing a threshold method and standard ISO 2631 ride comfort guidelines, results are compared to classifications based on empirical International Roughness Index data. A case study conducted in Austria specifies that ISO 2631 comfort estimates are most similar to International Roughness Index classifications and that the thresholding procedure detects preventable situations and over‐ or underestimated ride comfort. Thus, this methodology can help to better understand requirements for AVs' comfort, as well as justifying the importance of developing a sophisticated performance metric.
Lipid droplet accumulation occurs early following Salmonella infection and contributes to intracellular bacterial survival and replication
Authors: Kiarely Souza Ellen , Pereira‐Dutra Filipe S. , Rajão Matheus A. , Ferraro‐Moreira Felipe , Goltara‐Gomes Taynná C. , Cunha‐Fernandes Tamires , Santos Julia da Cunha , Prestes Elisa B. , Andrade Warrison A. , Zamboni Dario S. , Bozza Marcelo T. , Bozza Patrícia T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSalmonellosis is a public health problem caused by Salmonella sp., a highly adapted facultative intracellular pathogen. After internalization, Salmonella sp. Manipulates several host processes, mainly through the activation of the type III secretion system (T3SS), including modification of host lipid metabolism and lipid droplet (LD) accumulation. LDs are dynamic and complex lipid‐rich organelles involved in several cellular processes. The present study investigated the mechanism involved in LD biogenesis in Salmonella‐infected macrophages and its role in bacterial pathogenicity. Here, we reported that S. Typhimurium induced a rapid time‐dependent increase of LD formation in macrophages. The LD biogenesis was demonstrated to depend on Salmonella's viability and SPI1‐related T3SS activity, with the participation of Toll‐Like Receptor (TLR) signaling. We also observed that LD accumulation occurs through TLR2‐dependent signaling and is counter‐regulated by TLR4. Last, the pharmacologic modulation of LD formation by inhibiting diacylglycerol O‐acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) significantly reduced the intracellular bacterial proliferation and impaired the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis. Collectively, our data suggest the role of LDs on S. typhimurium intracellular survival and replication in macrophages. This data set provides new perspectives for future investigations about LDs in host–pathogen interaction.
The 3′UTR‐derived sRNA RsaG coordinates redox homeostasis and metabolism adaptation in response to glucose‐6‐phosphate uptake in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Desgranges Emma , Barrientos Laura , Herrgott Lucas , Marzi Stefano , Toledo‐Arana Alejandro , Moreau Karen , Vandenesch François , Romby Pascale , Caldelari Isabelle 
Published: November 2021

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus RsaG is a 3′‐untranslated region (3′UTR) derived sRNA from the conserved uhpT gene encoding a glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P) transporter expressed in response to extracellular G6P. The transcript uhpT‐RsaG undergoes degradation from 5′‐ to 3′‐end by the action of the exoribonucleases J1/J2, which are blocked by a stable hairpin structure at the 5′‐end of RsaG, leading to its accumulation. RsaG together with uhpT is induced when bacteria are internalized into host cells or in the presence of mucus‐secreting cells. Using MS2‐affinity purification coupled with RNA sequencing, several RNAs were identified as targets including mRNAs encoding the transcriptional factors Rex, CcpA, SarA, and the sRNA RsaI. Our data suggested that RsaG contributes to the control of redox homeostasis and adjusts metabolism to changing environmental conditions. RsaG uses different molecular mechanisms to stabilize, degrade, or repress the translation of its mRNA targets. Although RsaG is conserved only in closely related species, the uhpT 3′UTR of the ape pathogen S. simiae harbors an sRNA, whose sequence is highly different, and which does not respond to G6P levels. Our results hypothesized that the 3′UTRs from UhpT transporter encoding mRNAs could have rapidly evolved to enable adaptation to host niches.
Scoping review of the use of virtual reality in intensive care units
Authors: Hill James Edward , Twamley Jacqueline , Breed Hetty , Kenyon Roger , Casey Rob , Zhang Jennifer , Clegg Andrew 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundA wide range of reviews have demonstrated the effectiveness and tolerability of Virtual Reality (VR) in a range of clinical areas and subpopulations. However, no previous review has explored the current maturity, acceptability, tolerability, and effectiveness of VR with intensive care patients.AimsTo identify the range of uses of VR for intensive care patients, classify their current phase of development, effectiveness, acceptability, and tolerability.MethodsA scoping review was conducted. A multi‐database search was undertaken (inception to January 2021). Any type of study which examined the use of VR with the target application population of intensive care patients were included. Screening, data extraction, and assessment of quality were undertaken by a single reviewer. A meta‐analysis and a descriptive synthesis were undertaken.ResultsSix hundred and forty‐seven records were identified, after duplicate removal and screening 21 studies were included (weak quality). The majority of studies for relaxation, delirium, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) were at the early stages of assessing acceptability, tolerability, and initial clinical efficacy. Virtual Reality for relaxation and delirium were well‐tolerated with completion rates of target treatment of 73.6%, (95% CI:51.1%‐96%, I2 = 98.52%) 52.7% (95% CI:52.7%‐100%, I2 = 96.8%). The majority of reasons for non‐completion were due to external clinical factors. There were some potential benefits demonstrated for the use of VR for relaxation, delirium, and sleep.ConclusionVirtual Reality for intensive care is a new domain of research with the majority of areas of application being in the early stages of development. There is great potential for the use of VR in this clinical environment. Further robust assessment of effectiveness is required before any clinical recommendations can be made.Relevance to Clinical PracticeVirtual reality for ICU patients is in its infancy and is not at a stage where it should be used as routine practice. However, there is early evidence to suggest that virtual reality interventions have good acceptability and tolerability in intensive care patients for relaxation, delirium, and improving sleep.
Osmotrophy of dissolved organic carbon by coccolithophores in darkness
Authors: Godrijan Jelena , Drapeau David T. , Balch William M. 
Published: November 2021

Summary

The evolutionary and ecological story of coccolithophores poses questions about their heterotrophy, surviving darkness after the end‐Cretaceous asteroid impact as well as survival in the deep ocean twilight zone. Uptake of dissolved organic carbon might be an alternative nutritional strategy for supply of energy and carbon molecules.

Using long‐term batch culture experiments, we examined coccolithophore growth and maintenance on organic compounds in darkness. Radiolabelled experiments were performed to study the uptake kinetics. Pulse–chase experiments were used to examine the uptake into unassimilated, exchangeable pools vs assimilated, nonexchangeable pools.

We found that coccolithophores were able to survive and maintain their metabolism for up to 30 d in darkness, accomplishing about one cell division. The concentration dependence for uptake was similar to the concentration dependence for growth in Cruciplacolithus neohelis, suggesting that it was taking up carbon compounds and immediately incorporating them into biomass. We recorded net incorporation of radioactivity into the particulate inorganic fraction.

We conclude that osmotrophy provides nutritional flexibility and supports long‐term survival in light intensities well below threshold for photosynthesis. The incorporation of dissolved organic matter into particulate inorganic carbon, raises fundamental questions about the role of the alkalinity pump and the alkalinity balance in the sea.
Alpine dwarf shrubs show high proportions of nonfunctional xylem: Visualization and quantification of species‐specific patterns
Authors: Ganthaler Andrea , Bär Andreas , Dämon Birgit , Losso Adriano , Nardini Andrea , Dullin Christian , Tromba Giuliana , von Arx Georg , Mayr Stefan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractXylem conductive capacity is a key determinant of plant hydraulic function and intimately linked to photosynthesis and productivity, but can be impeded by temporary or permanent conduit dysfunctions. Here we show that persistent xylem dysfunctions in unstressed plants are frequent in Alpine dwarf shrubs and occur in various but species‐specific cross‐sectional patterns. Combined synchrotron micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) imaging, xylem staining, and flow measurements in saturated samples of six widespread Ericaceae species evidence a high proportion (19%–50%) of hydraulically nonfunctional xylem areas in the absence of drought stress, with regular distribution of dysfunctions between or within growth rings. Dysfunctions were only partly reversible and reduced the specific hydraulic conductivity to 1.38 to 3.57 ×10−4 m2 s−1 MPa−1. Decommission of inner growth rings was clearly related to stem age and a higher vulnerability to cavitation of older rings, while the high proportion of nonfunctional conduits in each annual ring needs further investigations. The lower the xylem fraction contributing to the transport function, the higher was the hydraulic efficiency of conducting xylem areas. Improved understanding of the functional lifespan of xylem elements and the prevalence and nature of dysfunctions is critical to correctly assess structure‐function relationships and whole‐plant hydraulic strategies.
Hydrogen sulphide infiltration downregulates oxidative metabolism and extends postharvest life of banana
Authors: Siddiqui M. W. , Homa F. , Lata D. , Mir H. , Aftab T. , Mishra P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) has emerged as a potential regulator of plant defence against different abiotic stresses. As a climacteric fruit, banana undergoes oxidative stresses shortly after harvest, resulting in faster ripening and senescence. This work examines the effects of vacuum infiltrated H2S on ripening inhibition of banana.

Banana fruits were vacuum infiltrated with 1 mm H2S. Effects on oxidative stress markers, physiological changes, bioactive compounds and antioxidant potentials were examined during storage at 25 °C and 75–80% RH.

Results indicate that treated fruits were less affected by oxidative stress, as evident by lower accumulation of ROS (superoxide and peroxide ions), elevated phenols content and antioxidant capacity. The ripening inhibitory effects of H2S delayed chlorophyll loss and reduced ethylene and CO2 production. H2S infiltration also reduced MDA accumulation and electrolytic leakage, resulting in longer shelf life.

Vacuum infiltration with H2S had a protective effect on postharvest banana through overcoming the deleterious effect of ROS and strengthening antioxidant potential. Thus, this method could be promising for enhanced preservation of banana during storage.
A systematic meta‐analysis based review on black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) as a novel protein source for salmonids
Authors: Weththasinghe Pabodha , Hansen Jon Øvrum , Mydland Liv Torunn , Øverland Margareth 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBlack soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) has gained attention as a sustainable novel protein source in fish feed due to its high nutritional value and low environmental impacts. In the past decade, effects of the use of black soldier fly in aquafeeds have widely been studied in salmonids. A meta‐analysis was conducted to compile and systematically quantify the effect of black soldier fly in diets for salmonids on growth performance and nutrient utilization. The main meta‐analysis showed that dietary inclusion of black soldier fly did not compromise the specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, feed intake, protein digestibility and protein efficiency ratio in salmonids. A meta‐regression was conducted to explore the possible causes of variation in growth rate, feed conversion ratio and feed intake between the studies. Fish species, protein source(s) replaced and black soldier fly inclusion level were partially responsible for the variation in growth rate between the studies. The protein source(s) replaced and black soldier fly inclusion level partially explained the variation in feed conversion ratio and feed intake respectively. The sub‐data sets sorted according to the replaced protein source(s) showed that replacing fishmeal by black soldier fly decreased growth rate and feed intake in salmonids, but replacing non‐fishmeal sources improved growth rate and feed conversion. This strengthened the importance of the type of replaced protein source(s) when evaluating nutritional values of black soldier fly for salmonids. In conclusion, the present meta‐analysis showed that black soldier fly is a promising protein source for salmonid feeds.
A comparative analysis of Inspector responses to complaints about psychosocial and physical hazards
Authors: Popple Sam , Way Kïrsten , Johnstone Richard , Croucher Richard , Miller Peta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWork Health and Safety Inspectors are at the forefront of efforts to protect workers from harm from psychosocial hazards, yet the application of regulatory theory to their practice has been limited. Drawing on models of responsive regulation and strategic enforcement, we analyze extensive (N= 46,348) complaint and incident notification data from an Australian Work Health and Safety Inspectorate, to compare Inspectors' responses to psychosocial versus non‐psychosocial hazards. We found psychosocial hazards were less likely to be actioned than non‐psychosocial hazards. When they were actioned, psychosocial hazards saw more Inspector activity, but fewer enforcement notices than non‐psychosocial hazards. These findings are inconsistent with the version of responsive regulation espoused by the regulator. Our theoretical conclusion is that Weil's strategic enforcement approach is likely to offer greater possibilities for guiding future resource allocation.
A Decision Support System for Addressing Food Security in the United Kingdom
Authors: Barons Martine J. , Fonseca Thais C. O. , Davis Andy , Smith Jim Q. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an integrating decision support system (IDSS) for food security in the United Kingdom. In ever-larger dynamic systems, such as the food system, it is increasingly difficult for decision makers (DMs) to effectively account for all the variables within the system that may influence the outcomes of interest under enactments of various candidate policies. Each of the influencing variables is likely, themselves, to be dynamic subsystems with expert domains supported by sophisticated probabilistic models. Recent increases in food poverty in the United Kingdom have raised the questions about the main drivers of food insecurity, how this may be changing over time and how evidence can be used in evaluating policy for decision support. In this context, an IDSS is proposed for household food security to allow DMs to compare several candidate policies which may affect the outcome of food insecurity at the household level.