bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum field theory of space-like neutrino
Authors: Rembieliński Jakub , Caban Paweł , Ciborowski Jacek 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe performed a Lorentz covariant quantization of the spin-1/2 fermion field assuming the space-like energy-momentum dispersion relation. We achieved the task in the following steps: (i) determining the unitary realizations of the inhomogenous Lorentz group in the preferred frame scenario by means of the Wigner–Mackey induction procedure and constructing the Fock space; (ii) formulating the theory in a manifestly covariant way by constructing the field amplitudes according to the Weinberg method; (iii) obtaining the final constraints on the amplitudes by postulating a Dirac-like free field equation. Our theory allows to predict all chiral properties of the neutrinos, preserving the Standard Model dynamics. We discussed the form of the fundamental observables, energy and helicity, and show that non-observation of the $$+\tfrac{1}{2}$$

+

1
2

helicity state of the neutrino and the $$-\tfrac{1}{2}$$

-

1
2

helicity state of the antineutrino could be a direct consequence of the “tachyoneity” of neutrinos at the free level. We found that the free field theory of the space-like neutrino is not invariant under the C and P transformations separately but is CP-invariant. We calculated and analyzed the electron energy spectrum in tritium decay within the framework of our theory and found an excellent agreement with the recent measurement of KATRIN. In our formalism the questions of negative/imaginary energies and the causality problem does not appear.
THE ROLE OF PDL-CEMENTUM ENTHESIS IN PROTECTING PDL UNDER MASTICATORY LOADING: A FINITE ELEMENT INVESTIGATION
Authors: JOKAR HOSSEIN , ROUHI GHOLAMREZA , ABOLFATHI NABIOLLAH 
Published: August 2021

Background: The function of periodontal ligament (PDL)-cementum enthesis (PCE) in transferring the mechanical stimuli within the tooth–periodontium (PDT)–bone complex was not made clear yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PCE on the mechanical stimuli distribution within the PDL and alveolar bone in the tooth–PDT–bone complex under occlusal forces using the finite element method. Methods: A computed tomography-based model of alveolar bone and second premolar of mandible was constructed, in which the PDT was considered at the interface of alveolar bone and tooth. Under a 3 MPa distributed occluso-apical masticatory load, applied over the uppermost surface of crown, the von Mises strain (vMST) and strain energy density (SED) within PDL, and von Mises stress (vMSR) and SED within alveolar bone were calculated in two situations: 1. When the PCE was absent; and 2. When the PCE was present between the PDL and cementum. Results: PCE levels-off SED and vMST within PDL up to 59% and 27%, respectively, compared to the model with no PCE. Moreover, in the alveolar bone, SEDs and vMSR increased up to 28% and 30%, respectively, compared to the model without PCE. Conclusion: By including PCE in the tooth–PDT–bone model, the mechanical stimuli shifted from PDL to its surrounding alveolar bone. Thus, it can be speculated that the tooth–PDT–bone complex has the capability of reducing the risk of PDL damage, through shifting excess mechanical stimuli from PDL toward the alveolar bone, during prolonged cyclic masticatory loading, as well as while one applies nonphysiologic and therapeutic loads, such as in orthodontic tooth movement.
An Engineered IL15 Cytokine Mutein Fused to an Anti-PD1 Improves Intratumoral T-cell Function and Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Xu Yuanming , Carrascosa Lucia Campos , Yeung Yik Andy , Chu Matthew Ling-Hon , Yang Wenjing , Djuretic Ivana , Pappas Danielle C. , Zeytounian John , Ge Zhouhong , de Ruiter Valeska , Starbeck-Miller Gabriel R. , Patterson James , Rigas Diamanda , Chen Shih-Hsun , Kraynov Eugenia , Boor Patrick P. , Noordam Lisanne , Doukas Michael , Tsao Dave , Ijzermans Jan N. , Guo Jie , Grünhagen Dirk J. , Erdmann Joris , Verheij Joanne , van Royen Martin E. , Doornebosch Pascal G. , Feldman Renny , Park Terrence , Mahmoudi Salah , Dorywalska Magdalena , Ni Irene , Chin Sherman M. , Mistry Tina , Mosyak Lidia , Lin Laura , Ching Keith A. , Lindquist Kevin C. , Ji Changhua , Londono Luz Marina , Kuang Bing , Rickert Robert , Kwekkeboom Jaap , Sprengers Dave , Huang Tzu-Hsuan , Chaparro-Riggers Javier 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe use of cytokines for immunotherapy shows clinical efficacy but is frequently accompanied by severe adverse events caused by excessive and systemic immune activation. Here, we set out to address these challenges by engineering a fusion protein of a single, potency-reduced, IL15 mutein and a PD1-specific antibody (anti-PD1-IL15m). This immunocytokine was designed to deliver PD1-mediated, avidity-driven IL2/15 receptor stimulation to PD1+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) while minimally affecting circulating peripheral natural killer (NK) cells and T cells. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with a mouse cross-reactive fusion, anti-mPD1–IL15m, demonstrated potent antitumor efficacy without exacerbating body weight loss in B16 and MC38 syngeneic tumor models. Moreover, anti-mPD1–IL15m was more efficacious than an IL15 superagonist, an anti-mPD-1, or the combination thereof in the B16 melanoma model. Mechanistically, anti-PD1–IL15m preferentially targeted CD8+ TILs and single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses revealed that anti-mPD1–IL15m treatment induced the expansion of an exhausted CD8+ TIL cluster with high proliferative capacity and effector-like signatures. Antitumor efficacy of anti-mPD1–IL15m was dependent on CD8+ T cells, as depletion of CD8+ cells resulted in the loss of antitumor activity, whereas depletion of NK cells had little impact on efficacy. The impact of anti-hPD1–IL15m on primary human TILs from patients with cancer was also evaluated. Anti-hPD1–IL15m robustly enhanced the proliferation, activation, and cytotoxicity of CD8+ and CD4+ TILs from human primary cancers in vitro, whereas tumor-derived regulatory T cells were largely unaffected. Taken together, our findings showed that anti-PD1–IL15m exhibits a high translational promise with improved efficacy and safety of IL15 for cancer immunotherapy via targeting PD1+ TILs.See related Spotlight by Felices and Miller, p. 1110.
Race to the Tablet? The Impact of a Personalized Tablet Educational Program
Authors: Setren Elizabeth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe presence of tablets and laptops in schools has burgeoned in recent years, with $4.9 billion spent on over 10.8 million devices in 2015. Despite the large and increasingly prevalent monetary and time investments in education technology, little causal evidence of its effectiveness exists. I estimate the effect of a Math and English Language Arts tablet educational program that supplements core instruction using a randomized controlled trial in a Boston charter middle school. I find that the personalized learning technology can substantially increase end-of-year test scores by 0.202 standard deviation in Math, but find no effects for the summative English exam. For the quarterly formative exams, I find positive, but insignificant effects for Math and marginally significant effects for English. This paper demonstrates the potential of technology to enhance student learning in Math and could serve as a cheaper alternative to high-intensity tutoring for school districts without funding or labor supply for extensive tutoring programs.
The Data Imaginaries of Climate Art: The Manifest Data Project
Authors: Corby Tom , Baily Gavin , Mackenzie Jonathan , Lane Giles , Dickson Erin , Sime Louise , Roussos George 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The authors discuss a series of artworks produced since 2009, including The Southern Ocean Studies (2012), The Northern Polar Studies (2014) and Carbon Topographies (2020). Through this work they explore how climate models can be employed to develop data-driven imaginaries of climate change, its impacts and causes. They argue for the experiential potential of this information for producing differently situated ways of knowing climate, framing this through a methodological approach described as “data manifestation.”
Populism and Religion
Authors: Peker Efe , Laxer Emily 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Although the populism-religion relationship is increasingly recognized in the literature, the focus has predominantly been on Western cases. This article proposes analytical tools for global comparisons. First, drawing on the ideational, performative, and strategic approaches to populism, the authors articulate how populists deploy religion in each category. Existing works have not engaged with these dimensions conjointly. Second, the authors employ this tridimensional conception to operationalize the “covert” and “overt” modes of religious populism identified in the literature. They hold that a populist movement comes closer to the former (“sacralizing the political”) or the latter (“politicizing the sacred”) depending on the extent to which it mobilizes religions in its ideas, performances, and strategies. Third, the authors exemplify these ideal types via two pairs of case studies: France and Québec (covert), and India and Turkey (overt). Finally, the authors consider how religious populisms elsewhere stack up on this spectrum, and discuss future themes for comparative research.
Keep It Halal! A Smartphone Ethnography of Muslim Dating
Authors: Hasan Farah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This article reveals how Muslim religious identity is impacted by Muslim dating apps. The development of Muslim dating apps within the last decade has led to Muslims seeking partners beyond their physical and social locality. The following research takes inner-Muslim discursive traditions into account in order to examine how Muslim males articulate and negotiate their Islamic identity in the process of partner selection. The research’s methodological approach draws from digital ethnography, with the smartphone as the primary field site. The smartphone ethnography on the app of Muzmatch will demonstrate that users are physically embedded in doctrinally heterogenous contexts. Yet, the religious framework of the app promotes a “doctrinal homogeneity” that finds expression via the discursive articulations of the app users. It will be shown that users are being shaped by the app as they incorporate the religious framework provided by it.
Multimodal Analgesia in Head and Neck Free Flap Reconstruction: A Systematic Review
Authors: Go Beatrice C. , Go Cammille C. , Chorath Kevin , Moreira Alvaro , Rajasekaran Karthik 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivePostoperative pain after head and neck cancer surgery is commonly treated with opioids, which are associated with considerable side effects. The objective of this study is to analyze the safety and efficacy of using multimodal analgesia (MMA) for patients undergoing head and neck cancer surgery with free flap reconstruction.Data SourcesA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and clinicaltrials.gov.Review MethodsAll studies comparing patients receiving MMA (gabapentin, corticosteroids, local anesthetic, acetaminophen, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]) vs patients receiving opioids for head and neck cancer surgery with free flap reconstruction were screened. The primary outcome was postoperative opioid usage. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, subjective pain scores, surgical/medical complications, adverse effects, and 30‐day outcomes.ResultsA total of 10 studies representing 1253 patients (MMA, n = 594; non‐MMA, n = 659) met inclusion criteria. Gabapentinoids were the most commonly used intervention (72.9%) followed by NSAIDs (44.6%), acetaminophen (44.3%), corticosteroids (25.1%), ketamine (7.2%), and nerve block (3.4%). Eight studies reported a significant decrease in postoperative opioid usage in the MMA groups. Subjective pain had wider variation, with most studies citing significant pain improvement. There were no differences in surgical outcomes, medical complications, adverse effects, or 30‐day mortality and readmission rates.ConclusionWith the rise of the opioid epidemic, MMA may play an important role in the treatment of postoperative pain after head and neck cancer surgery. A growing body of literature demonstrates a variety of effective perioperative regimens.
Development of a digital toolkit to improve quality of life of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Leung Jerik , Kloos Laura , Kim Alfred HJ , Baker Elizabeth A 
Published: August 2021

Objective The purpose of this manuscript is to detail development and initial usability testing of an e-toolkit designed to provide skills and knowledge around self-management behaviors for individuals living with systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods Researchers worked with a steering committee of patients and providers to (1) develop a clickable prototype of an e-toolkit and (2) conduct alpha (individuals not affiliated with an academic clinic as patient or provider) and beta (individual patients with systemic lupus erythematosus as well as members of the clinic healthcare team and individuals who work in patient advocacy organizations) usability testing through semistructured interviews. Results During the review of the e-toolkit, the feedback provided by participants in both alpha and beta groups centered on two overarching themes: (1) improving user interface and materials and (2) integration of information and supports between toolkit and clinical personnel. Conclusion Digital approaches that are tailored to individual symptom variation and integrated with a clinical system have the opportunity to enhance ongoing clinical care. These findings support movement toward integrated, team-based care models, tailored digital resources, and use of expanded virtual interaction options to ensure on-going engagement between healthcare providers and systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
Multiple sclerosis incidence rate in southern Iran: a Bayesian epidemiological study
Authors: Asmarian Naeimehossadat , Sharafi Zahra , Mousavi Amin , Jacques Reis , Tamayo Ibon , Bind Marie-Abèle , Abutorabi-zarchi Marzie , Moradian Mohammad Javad , Izadi Sadegh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) remains to be a public health challenge, due to its unknown biological mechanisms and clinical impacts on young people. The prevalence of this disease in Iran is reported to be 5.30 to 74.28 per 100,000-person. Because of high prevalence of this disease in Fars province, the purpose of this study was to assess the spatial pattern of MS incidence rate by modeling both the associations s of spatial dependence between neighboring regions and risk factors in a Bayesian Poisson model, which can lead to the improvement of health resource allocation decisions.

Method
Data from 5468 patients diagnosed with MS were collected, according to the McDonald’s criteria. New cases of MS were reported by the MS Society of Fars province from 1991 until 2016. The association between the percentage of people with low vitamin D intake, smoking, abnormal BMI and alcohol consumption in addition to spatial structure in a Bayesian spatio-temporal hierarchical model were used to determine the relative risk and trend of MS incidence rate in 29 counties of Fars province.

Results
County-level crude incidence rates ranged from 0.22 to 11.31 cases per 100,000-person population. The highest relative risk was estimated at 1.80 in the county of Shiraz, the capital of Fars province, while the lowest relative risk was estimated at 0.11 in Zarindasht county in southern of Fars. The percentages of vitamin D supplementation intake and smoking were significantly associated with the incidence rate of MS. The results showed that 1% increase in vitamin D supplementation intake is associated with 2% decrease in the risk of MS and 1% increase in smoking is associated with 16% increase in the risk of MS.

Conclusion
Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis of MS incidence rate revealed that the trend in the south and south east of Fars province is less steep than the mean trend of this disease. The lower incidence rate was associated with a higher percentage of vitamin D supplementation intake and a lower percentage of smoking. Previous studies have also shown that smoking and low vitamin D, among all covariates or risk factors, might be associated with high incidence of MS.
Role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of primary and recurrent dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
Authors: Zou Min-Hong , Huang Qing , Yang Ting , Jiang Ye , Zhang Luan-jing , Xie Yang , Zheng Rong-Qin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, low- to intermediate-grade sarcoma, which represents a diagnostic imaging challenge.
This study aimed to analyze the clinical and ultrasound features of primary and recurrent DFSP to improve the diagnosis.

Methods
Clinical, imaging, and pathological data from a total of 58 patients (23 patients with primary DFSP and 35 patients with recurrent DFSP) were retrospectively reviewed.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference in age, sex, tumor size, or echogenicity between the two groups. Most of the primary DFSP lesions involved the overlying dermis and hypodermis, while most of the recurrent DFSP lesions were fixated to more deeply seated structures at the original surgical incision. Red nodules on the skin were found more frequently in the primary group. There were statistically significant differences in the type of lesion and ultrasound tumor morphology (p < 0.050). The lesions in the primary group showed more tentacle-like projections or a “claw” sign, while the lesions in the recurrent group were more commonly oval, lobulated, and irregularly shaped. Hypervascularity was common in both groups.

Conclusions
For primary DFSP, a slow-growing, red nodule on the skin involving the overlying dermis and hypodermis, more frequently a hypoechoic mass with tentacle-like projections or a “claw” sign, was observed. For recurrent DFSP, palpable subcutaneous nodules or subcutaneous masses at the original surgical incision and oval, lobulated, and irregularly shaped lesions were more commonly observed. This may be useful for improving diagnostic accuracy.
Prospective comparison of early interim 18F-FDG-PET with 18F-FLT-PET for predicting treatment response and survival in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Su Tzu-Pei , Huang Jen-Seng , Chang Pei-Hung , Lui Kar-Wai , Hsieh Jason Chia-Hsun , Ng Shu-Hang , Chan Sheng-Chieh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
To compare the value of interim 18F-FLT-PET and 18F-FDG-PET for predicting treatment outcomes in patients with metastatic breast cancer after salvage therapy.

Methods
Patients with metastatic breast cancer received PET/CT using 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG at baseline, after the 1st and 2nd cycle of systemic chemotherapy. The clinical response was classified according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 based on contrast-enhanced CT after 3 months of systemic chemotherapy. The metabolic response on PET was assessed according to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer criteria or PET Response Criteria in Solid Tumors (PERCIST) and was correlated to the clinical response, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS).

Results
Twenty-five patients entered final analysis. On 18F-FDG-PET, clinical responders after 2 chemotherapy cycles (post-2c) had a significantly greater reduction of maximal standardized uptake value (SUV) and the peak SUV corrected for lean body mass (SULpeak) of the tumor than non-responders (P = 0.030 and 0.003). Metabolic response determined by PERCIST on post-2c 18F-FDG-PET showed a high area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.801 in predicting clinical response (P = 0.011). Patients who were metabolic responders by PERCIST on post-2c 18F-FDG-PET had a significantly longer PFS (53.8% vs. 16.7%, P = 0.014) and OS (100% vs. 47.6%, P = 0.046) than non-responders. Survival differences between responders and non-responders in the interim 18F-FLT-PET were not significant.

Conclusions
18F-FLT-PET failed to show an advantage over 18F-FDG-PET in predicting the treatment response and survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Assessment of treatment outcome by interim 18F-FDG-PET may aid treatment.

Trial registration
The study was retrospectively registered on 02/06/2020 on Clinicaltrials.gov (identifier NCT04411966).
Sex differences between serum total bilirubin levels and cognition in patients with schizophrenia
Authors: He Shen , Li Yange , Li Tian , Xu Feikang , Zeng Duan , Shi Yue , Zhao Nan , Zhang Lei , Ma Yin Zhu , Wang Qiang , Yu Wenjuan , Shen Yifeng , Huang Jingjing , Li Huafang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Cognitive deficits are common in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). Abnormal serum total bilirubin (TBIL) levels have been involved in cognitive deficits associated with neuropsychiatric diseases such as mild cognitive impairment and subcortical ischemic vascular disease. However, this relationship has not yet been fully investigated in patients with SCZ. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the serum TBIL concentration and cognitive deficits in SCZ patients and to determine whether a sex difference exists in the association.

Methods
A total of 455 participants were eligible and included in this cross-sectional study. Cognition was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Serum TBIL concentration was measured with an automatic biochemistry analyzer according to the routine protocol in the hospital medical laboratory.

Results
Serum TBIL levels were lower in the cognition impairment group than in the cognition normal group in male patients. In contrast, serum TBIL levels tended to be increased in the cognition impairment group in female patients, although the difference was not significant. Further stepwise multiple regression analysis stratified by sex showed that serum TBIL was independently and positively associated with cognitive function in male patients but not in female patients. Moreover, the association between serum TBIL level and cognitive function was also identified by the propensity score matching (PSM) method in male patients, but not in female patients.

Conclusion
These findings suggest that lower serum TBIL levels may be associated with cognitive impairment in male SCZ patients.