bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conclusions: Parenting in Times of Prevailing Inequalities
Authors: Suwada Katarzyna 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe final chapter of the book briefly summarises the key points of the previous chapters and addresses the central conclusions of the book. I underline how analysing parenting from the perspective of three types of work (paid work, care work and domestic work) help to recognise prevailing gender and economic inequalities in Polish society. I also argue that the opportunity structures of mothers and fathers greatly differ, and that it has its sources in the family policy system.
New $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 superconformal field theories from $$ \mathcal{S} $$-folds
Authors: Giacomelli Simone , Meneghelli Carlo , Peelaers Wolfger 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study the four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal field theories that describe D3-branes probing the recently constructed $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
-folds in F-theory. We introduce a novel, infinite class of superconformal field theories related to $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
-fold theories via partial Higgsing. We determine several properties of both the $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
-fold models and this new class of theories, including their central charges, Coulomb branch spectrum, and moduli spaces of vacua, by bringing to bear an array of field-theoretical techniques, to wit, torus-compactifications of six-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= (1, 0) theories, class $$ \mathcal{S} $$
S
technology, and the SCFT/VOA correspondence.
A 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 1 Cardy Formula
Authors: Kim Joonho , Kim Seok , Song Jaewon 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study the asymptotic behavior of the (modified) superconformal index for 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 gauge theory. By considering complexified chemical potential, we find that the ‘high-temperature limit’ of the index can be written in terms of the conformal anomalies 3c − 2a. We also find macroscopic entropy from our asymptotic free energy when the Hofman-Maldacena bound 1/2 < a/c < 3/2 for the interacting SCFT is satisfied. We study $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 theories that are dual to AdS5 × Yp,p and find that the Cardy limit of our index accounts for the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of large black holes.
Derived categories of quintic del Pezzo fibrations
Authors: Xie Fei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe provide a semiorthogonal decomposition for the derived category of fibrations of quintic del Pezzo surfaces with rational Gorenstein singularities. There are three components, two of which are equivalent to the derived categories of the base and the remaining non-trivial component is equivalent to the derived category of a flat and finite of degree 5 scheme over the base. We introduce two methods for the construction of the decomposition. One is the moduli space approach following the work of Kuznetsov on the sextic del Pezzo fibrations and the components are given by the derived categories of fine relative moduli spaces. The other approach is that one can realize the fibration as a linear section of a Grassmannian bundle and apply homological projective duality.
Rapid movements in plants
Authors: Mano Hiroaki , Hasebe Mitsuyasu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPlant movements are generally slow, but some plant species have evolved the ability to move very rapidly at speeds comparable to those of animals. Whereas movement in animals relies on the contraction machinery of muscles, many plant movements use turgor pressure as the primary driving force together with secondarily generated elastic forces. The movement of stomata is the best-characterized model system for studying turgor-driven movement, and many gene products responsible for this movement, especially those related to ion transport, have been identified. Similar gene products were recently shown to function in the daily sleep movements of pulvini, the motor organs for macroscopic leaf movements. However, it is difficult to explain the mechanisms behind rapid multicellular movements as a simple extension of the mechanisms used for unicellular or slow movements. For example, water transport through plant tissues imposes a limit on the speed of plant movements, which becomes more severe as the size of the moving part increases. Rapidly moving traps in carnivorous plants overcome this limitation with the aid of the mechanical behaviors of their three-dimensional structures. In addition to a mechanism for rapid deformation, rapid multicellular movements also require a molecular system for rapid cell-cell communication, along with a mechanosensing system that initiates the response. Electrical activities similar to animal action potentials are found in many plant species, representing promising candidates for the rapid cell–cell signaling behind rapid movements, but the molecular entities of these electrical signals remain obscure. Here we review the current understanding of rapid plant movements with the aim of encouraging further biological studies into this fascinating, challenging topic.
Zero Watermarking: Critical Analysis of Its Role in Current Medical Imaging
Authors: Roček Aleš , Javorník Michal , Slavíček Karel , Dostál Otto 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMedical image data plays a critical role in health care today. Whatever the context of image processing (research and educational activities, diagnostic or forensic purposes, etc.), they are supposed to be treated as highly sensitive. Unfortunately, currently available image-processing tools also enable very sophisticated malicious modification of their content.This paper is focused on the assessment of the effectiveness of selected so-called zero watermarking methods (ones that do not cause any modification of an image sample), in the protection of the integrity, and proving authorship, of these medical image studies. We have studied many zero watermarking methods and selected one representative from each type of known algorithms for comparison.We have conducted a series of simulations over a huge research database of anonymized medical image studies (patient examinations).
Influence of MOOC learners discussion forum social interactions on online reviews of MOOC
Authors: Wu Bing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough some studies have explored massive open online courses (MOOCs) discussion forums and MOOC online reviews separately, studies of both aspects are insufficient. Based on the theory of self-determination, this paper proposes research hypotheses that MOOC learning progress has a direct impact on MOOC online reviews and an indirect influence on MOOC online reviews through social interactions in discussion forums, as well. Coursera the largest MOOC platform, is selected as the empirical research object, and data from learners who participated in the MOOC discussion forum and provided MOOC online reviews from August 2016 to December 2019 are obtained from the most popular course, “Machine Learning”. After processing, data from 4376 learners are obtained. Then, according to research hypotheses, multi regression models are constructed accordingly. The results show that the length of MOOC online review text is affected by the MOOC learning progress, the number of discussion forum posts, the number of follow, the online review sentiment and MOOC rating. This study highlights the main factors that affect MOOC online reviews. As a result, some suggestions are put forward for the construction of MOOC.
Effects of nutrient availability and light intensity on the sterol content of Saccharina latissima (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: de Jong Dylan L. C. , Timmermans Klaas R. , de Winter José M. , Derksen Goverdina C. H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSeaweed phytosterols are associated with potential health benefits, affording them and the seaweeds that produce them commercial interest. However, little is known about how their production is affected by the cultivation environment, limiting the efficiency with which these compounds can be exploited. Therefore, we performed a pilot study on the effect of nutrient availability and light stress on the sterol content of Saccharina latissima, a rapid growing brown alga of increasing interest in western mariculture. Individuals of S. latissima were subjected to a nutrient-replete and nutrient-depleted regime for 5 weeks, followed by the introduction of light-limited and light-saturated conditions in the sixth week; sampling occurred each week. No significant inter-treatment differences were found in the sterol content in week 1–5. However, significant intra-treatment differences were found in weeks 3–5 regardless of nutrient treatment, wherein the fucosterol, 24-methylenecholesterol, and squalene contents of both treatment groups were found to correlate inversely with photosynthetic performance. Factorial treatment of differential nutrient availability and light stress resulted in marked differences between the sterol content of all groups in week 6. Here, squalene and cycloartenol increased in concentration with increasing irradiance regardless of nutrient treatment. Concentrations of all other sterolic components increased with increasing irradiance and low nutrient conditions while decreasing or remaining unchanged with increasing irradiance and high nutrient conditions. Our data shows that within our cultivation conditions and time frame, the sterol content of S. latissima is unaffected by nutrient availability alone but changes with combined alterations in irradiance and nutrient availability.
Graphical abstract
Thermal modification of wood—a review: chemical changes and hygroscopicity
Authors: Hill Callum , Altgen Michael , Rautkari Lauri 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThermal modification is a well-established commercial technology for improving the dimensional stability and durability of timber. Numerous reviews of thermally modified timber (TMT) are to be found in the scientific literature, but until now a review of the influence of cell wall moisture content during the modification process on the properties of TMT has been lacking. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the hygroscopic and dimensional behaviour of TMT modified under dry (cell wall at nearly zero moisture content) and wet (cell wall contains moisture) conditions. After an overview of the topic area, the review explores the literature on the thermal degradation of the polysaccharidic and lignin components of the cell wall, as well as the role of extractives. The properties of TMT modified under wet and dry conditions are compared including mass loss, hygroscopic behaviour and dimensional stability. The role of hydroxyl groups in determining the hygroscopicity is discussed, as well as the importance of considering the mobility of the cell wall polymers and crosslinking when interpreting sorption behaviour. TMT produced under wet processing conditions exhibits behaviour that changes when the wood is subjected to water leaching post-treatment, which includes further weight loss, changes in sorption behaviour and dimensional stability, but without any further change in accessible hydroxyl (OH) content. This raises serious questions regarding the role that OH groups play in sorption behaviour.Graphical abstract
Quantum Statistical Learning via Quantum Wasserstein Natural Gradient
Authors: Becker Simon , Li Wuchen 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this article, we introduce a new approach towards the statistical learning problem $$\mathrm{argmin}_{\rho (\theta ) \in {\mathcal {P}}_{\theta }} W_{Q}^2 (\rho _{\star },\rho (\theta ))$$

argmin

ρ

(
θ
)

∈

P
θ

W

Q

2

(

ρ
⋆

,
ρ

(
θ
)

)

to approximate a target quantum state $$\rho _{\star }$$

ρ
⋆

by a set of parametrized quantum states $$\rho (\theta )$$

ρ
(
θ
)

in a quantum $$L^2$$

L
2

-Wasserstein metric. We solve this estimation problem by considering Wasserstein natural gradient flows for density operators on finite-dimensional $$C^*$$

C
∗

algebras. For continuous parametric models of density operators, we pull back the quantum Wasserstein metric such that the parameter space becomes a Riemannian manifold with quantum Wasserstein information matrix. Using a quantum analogue of the Benamou–Brenier formula, we derive a natural gradient flow on the parameter space. We also discuss certain continuous-variable quantum states by studying the transport of the associated Wigner probability distributions.
Interdisciplinary education and authentic development
Authors: Ciferri Alberto , Soldi Angelaurelio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhereas economists do not traditionally address social harmony, and sociologists or political scientists do not usually tackle economic development, the interaction of social harmony and economic development has recently become an object of intense concern. In their aim to foster evolved rather than uprooted cultural values, the authors of this research note suggest an educational approach to promote the concept and the implementation of what they refer to as authentic development. They propose interdisciplinary courses that include notions of history, sociology and economy. Their methodology is based on two main resources: (1) a textbook providing a broad historical survey tracing the development of 28 nations in the Americas; and (2) analytical parameters related to the extent of social interaction and income generation. Students carry out digital and group research and elaborate the conditions that generate social harmony, economic well-being and a better balance between them. The authors have already piloted their educational approach in four secondary schools in Antigua, Guatemala with 50 students aged 17–19. Most of them are now enrolled at local universities, but the impact of this course on their performance will only emerge over time.
Strong client orientation, little leverage in nonprofit firms?
Authors: Fedele Alessandro , Miniaci Raffaele , Tortia Ermanno 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNonprofit firms can be multi-stakeholder organizations, in which employees, clients, volunteers, public institutions, and funders can have formal or informal power to affect corporate strategy. This paper focuses on nonprofit firms’ orientation toward clients and investigates its role in shaping capital structure. We first develop a theoretical framework and derive conditions under which the relationship between leverage and client orientation—measured by how much nonprofit firms weigh clients’ utility relative to earnings—is either positive or first negative and then positive. We then provide an empirical analysis of social cooperatives in the Italian social care sector and find a negative relationship between leverage and client orientation—proxied by the ratio of voluntary workers to total workforce.
A multi-centre case series of alectinib-related erythrocyte membrane changes and associated haemolysis
Authors: Gullapalli Veena , Xu Wen , Lewis Craig R. , Anazodo Antoinette , Gerber Giselle Kidson 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlectinib is an orally bioavailable anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor indicated for ALK mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This case series documents the development of significant erythrocyte membrane changes associated with alectinib use in six patients. Morphological findings found on blood film examination include moderate-marked acanthocytes, spheroacanthocytes, and one case demonstrated moderate schistocytes. Two patients in this multi-centre case series developed grade 1 anaemia, and four patients developed grade 2 anaemia. Two patients suffered significant non-immune-related haemolysis. One patient had a co-existing β thalassaemia trait and required treatment cessation due to severe haemolysis. Low-grade anaemia was seen in 22% of patients using alectinib in the ALEX trial and 5% developed ≥ grade 3 anaemia. Alterations in erythrocyte morphology and membrane structure have not been reported in the safety data and clinical trials to date. Drug-induced acanthocytosis is a rare phenomenon and has previously been reported with high-dose prostaglandin administration only. This case series highlights this important laboratory finding with alectinib use and associated clinical sequelae. Alectinib-associated acanthocytosis is likely to be more prevalent than previously recognised. We also highlight the need for vigilance in haematopathology departments for unexpected laboratory findings associated with novel therapies. These findings can be detected in the post-marketing surveillance phase and may have serious clinical implications for patients.
Plagiarism in articles published in journals indexed in the Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL): a comparative analysis between 2013 and 2018
Authors: Krokoscz Marcelo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study analyzes the possible occurrence of plagiarism and self-plagiarism in a sample of articles published in the Scientific Periodicals Electronic Library (SPELL), an open database that indexes business journals in Brazil. The author compared one sample obtained in 2013 (n = 47 articles) and another selected from 2018 (n = 118 articles). In both samples, we verified the guidelines that each of the journals provided to authors regarding plagiarism and the adoption of software to detect textual similarities. In the analysis conducted in 2013, it was found that only one journal (2%) mentioned the word “plagiarism” in its policies, although the majority of the directives required guarantees that no type of violation of authors’ rights was contained in the manuscript. In the analysis conducted in 2013, it was determined that there were literal reproductions in 31 published articles (65.9%), and no relevant similarities with other publications were encountered in 16 articles (34.1%). In the 2018 analysis, 69 of the publications (58%) included observations and guidelines related to plagiarism and self-plagiarism. In the analysis conducted in 2018, it was found that similarities (plagiarism and self-plagiarism) occurred in 52 articles (44%), and no relevant evidence of plagiarism or self-plagiarism was found in 66 (56%) manuscripts. Although a reduction in the index of the occurrence of plagiarism was observed, as was an increase in the instructions on the prevention of plagiarism by authors, practices directed at guiding authors by means of directives concerning the importance of preventing plagiarism in manuscripts submitted for publication can be recommended.
Capacity Evaluation of AC/DC Hybrid Micro-grid-Distributed Generation Considering V2G
Authors: Gong Xuan , Li Wenyi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe increasing number of DC loads, such as electric vehicles (EVs), has resulted in micro-grid undergoing difficulty in satisfying the various demands of such loads. The study develops a multi-objective capacity optimization allocation model for hybrid micro-grid on the bases of users’ satisfaction and the orderly charging/discharging of EVs. The proposed model aims to reduce the cost of the capacity allocation of AC/DC hybrid micro-grid and improve users’ satisfaction. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to address the capacity optimization of hybrid micro-grid in EVs across scenarios. This study verified the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed capacity optimization model by comparing and analyzing the influence of capacity optimization on the orderly/disorderly charging/discharging of EVs and users’ satisfaction.
Applying Mathematical Optimization in Practice
Authors: Schulz Jens 
Published: January 2021

AbstractApplying mathematical optimization (MO) in industry is still very often done by MO experts. In this contribution, we use an outside-in approach to describe the key requirements for optimization projects to be successfully instantiated within the businesses. We focus on the development and usage of decision support tools for operational, tactical, and strategic planning. They are to be used by business experts with little or no background in mathematical optimization. These people are still experts, e.g., in planning and managing complex supply chains or global production assets. While they are open to new tools and methods, in reality, many optimization projects fail to be handed over to them. We discuss the requirements and best practices for MO projects to overcome the underlying challenges. Several of the findings can be transferred to future applications of MO. These arise around the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), particularly focused on real-time applications, large, connected, and interdependent systems.
States, firms, and security: How private actors implement sanctions, lessons learned from the Netherlands
Authors: Giumelli Francesco , Onderco Michal 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhile the current practice of the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, and the United States leans towards imposing only targeted sanctions in most of the cases, private actors often complain about inability to process financial transactions, ship goods, or deliver services in countries where sanctions targets are located. The impact of sanctions often ends up being widespread and indiscriminate because sanctions are implemented by for-profit actors. This article investigates how for-profit actors relate to the imposition of sanctions, how they reflect them in their decisions, and how they interact with the public authorities. The findings of our research show that for-profit actors, with the possible exception of the largest multinationals, do not engage with public authorities before the imposition of sanctions. The behaviour of for-profit actors in the implementation phase is in line with the assumption of firms and business as profit-maximisers. Weighting the profits from business against the costs of (non-)compliance and make the decisions that in their view maximise their profit. Indeed, de-risking seems to be the most common approach by the companies due to the uncertainties produced by the multiple and overlapping sanctions regimes imposed by the United Nations, the European Union, and the United States.
Trouble Genders: “LGBT” Collapse and Trans Fundamentality
Authors: Bey Marquis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis essay considers how deployments of the acronym “LGBT” often obscure and flatten the specificity of the terms the letters reference. Also of concern here is how the “T” might be the more fundamental letter, as reactions to “LGBT identity” are indexed in gender transgression, to which the “T” refers. I argue for holding the trouble of the acronym in the “T” and that the trans underlies how “LGBT,” as a marker of subjectivity or violence, becomes legible. To carry this out, the essay makes a parallel to how “LGBT” functions similarly to “people of color” as the terms obscure the fundamentality of the trans and the black, respectively; clarifies the distinction between queer and trans, and subsequently trans and transgender; and demonstrates how transphobic readings are integral to homophobic responses.
Beaten ballots: political participation dynamics amidst police interventions
Authors: Rodon Toni , Guinjoan Marc 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWhat is the effect of violence on political mobilization? Taking the repression-mobilization nexus debate as a starting point, we study the effects of police interventions on political participation, focusing on the Spanish police crackdown on Catalonia's independence referendum on 1 October 2017. We analyze the effect of police actions on turnout using detailed aggregate data, as well as a survey conducted a few days after the referendum. The two empirical approaches show that police interventions had both deterrent and inverse spatial spillover effects. Although police raids had a local negative impact on turnout, they induced positive spillover effects in the surrounding areas. Our findings also indicate heterogeneity in the spatial dynamics, with police actions encouraging people to go to vote in nearby areas, but also mobilizing residents in neighboring areas to participate, especially those individuals with fewer incentives to turn out to vote.