bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of silica‐coated TiO2 nanorods on the foamability of polypropylene and photostability of foamed polypropylene
Authors: Yuan Wenjing , Wang Feng , Gao Chong , Liu Peng , Ding Yanfen , Zhang Shimin , Yang Mingshu 
Published: April 2021

Researches about the heterogeneous nucleation ability of nanorods and the weather resistance of polypropylene (PP) foams were very limited. In this study, the well‐defined rutile TiO2 nanorods with UV‐absorbing function were coated with silica and then calcined. The obtained nanorods (denoted as “TS”) could be uniformly dispersed in PP matrix by melt blending. The foaming behavior of linear PP and its composites was investigated by using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) as a physical foaming agent. The results demonstrated that the addition of 5 wt% TS made PP/TS‐5% foam have higher cell density, regular cell structure and uniform cell distribution owing to the large numbers of nucleation sites provided by well‐dispersed TS nanorods. At the same time, the aging performance of PP foam samples was evaluated by the changes of macro or micro morphology, melting and crystallization behavior before and after UVB irradiation. It was intuitively found that the damage to the surface of PP foams caused by UV light, involving the erosion of surface, the collapse of cells and the degradation of PP chains could be significantly suppressed by the incorporation of TS nanorods. These findings indicated that TS nanorods could be used as multifunctional nanofillers to achieve the PP foams with improved foamability and photostability.
Divergence time estimation and mapping of morphological and cytogenetical data in the southern South American geophyte genus Pterocactus (Cactaceae)
Authors: Las Peñas M. Laura , Bernardello Gabriel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPterocactus has 10 species endemic to restricted areas of the Argentine Monte and Patagonia regions, also growing in neighbouring Chile. We analysed phylogenetic relationships between its species, based on plastid DNA sequences (psbA‐trnH, rpl16, trnH‐matK), exomorphological features (spine type and size, stem segment form, flower position, epidermis colour, areole pubescence, stem surface) and cytogenetical traits (genome size, somatic chromosome number). Traits were mapped using character mapping and ancestral state reconstruction to understand the dynamics of evolutionary changes. Pterocactus was monophyletic. Two lineages were recovered: clade A (with P. fischeri diverging early and P. reticulatus, P. valentinii, P. megliolii, P. gonjianii, and both P. tuberosus forms) and clade B (with P. neuquensis diverging first and P. araucanus and P. hickenii). Both samples examined of P. australis were paraphyletic. It was estimated that Pterocactus split from its sister group at 9.38 mya. The crown group age was estimated to be 7.69 myr. Species showed x = 11 with different ploidy levels (2n = 22, 44, 99, ca. 110, and 154); only P. tuberosus f. tuberosus was diploid. The numbers were typical of each taxon studied, and polyploidy was important in its diversification. Two 18S‐5.8S‐26S sites were detected regardless of the ploidy level, except P. fischeri with four sites and 2n = ca. 110. The number of 5S sites was 2 in P. gonjianii and the diploid P. tuberosus f. tuberosus, 4 in the tetraploid P. tuberosus f. lelongii, 10 in the probably decaploid P. fischeri and 8 in P. araucanus of unknown chromosome number. The genome size ranged from 2C = 4.94 pg in P. megliolii of unknown chromosome number to 2C = 16.68 pg in the tetradecaploid P. hickenii. The ancestor is reconstructed as a dwarf shrub with cylindrical central spines of 16.35–31.2 mm long, non‐woolly areoles, cylindrical to globose/obpyriform stem segments, non‐tuberculate stem surface, lateral flower position, green/brown to violet epidermis, probably diploid, and with a genome size between 1.10 and 1.23 pg.
Two-loop anomalous dimensions of QCD operators up to dimension-sixteen and Higgs EFT amplitudes
Authors: Jin Qing jun , Ren Ke , Yang Gang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We consider two-loop renormalization of high-dimensional Lorentz scalar operators in the gluonic sector of QCD. These operators appear also in the Higgs effective theory obtained by integrating out the top quark loop in the gluon fusion process. We first discuss the classification of operators and how to construct a good set of basis using both off-shell field theory method and on-shell form factor formalism. To study loop corrections, we apply efficient unitarity-IBP strategy and compute the two-loop minimal form factors of length-3 operators up to dimension sixteen. From the UV divergences of form factor results, we extract the renormalization matrices and analyze the operator mixing behavior in detail. The form factors we compute are also equivalent to Higgs plus three-gluon amplitudes that capture high-order top mass corrections in Higgs EFT. We obtain the analytic finite remainder functions which exhibit several universal transcendentality structures.
Computationally Efficient Approach to Implementation of the Chinese Remainder Theorem Algorithm in Minimally Redundant Residue Number System
Authors: Selianinau Mikhail 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we deal with the critical problem of performing non-modular operations in the Residue Number System (RNS). The Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) is widely used in many modern computer applications. Throughout the article, an efficient approach for implementing the CRT algorithm is described. The structure of the rank of an RNS number, a principal positional characteristic of the residue code, is investigated. It is shown that the rank of a number can be represented by a sum of an inexact rank and a two-valued correction to it. We propose a new variant of minimally redundant RNS, which provides low computational complexity for the rank calculation, and its effectiveness analyzed concerning conventional non-redundant RNS. Owing to the extension of the residue code, by adding the excess residue modulo 2, the complexity of the rank calculation goes down from$O\left (k^{2}\right )$Ok2to$O\left (k\right )$Okwith respect to required modular addition operations and lookup tables, wherekequals the number of non-redundant RNS moduli.
Accuracy of Modern Clinical Risk Score Including RAS Status Changes Based on Whether Patients Received Perioperative Chemotherapy for Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: Takeda Yoshinori , Mise Yoshihiro , Matsumura Masaru , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Yoshimoto Jiro , Imamura Hiroshi , Noro Takuji , Yamamoto Junji , Ishizuka Naoki , Inoue Yosuke , Ito Hiromichi , Takahashi Yu , Saiura Akio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundA modified Fong clinical score (m‐Fong CS) that includes the RAS mutation status has recently been proposed and offered an improved survival stratification of patients who undergo surgery and systemic chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases (CLM). The aim of this study is to assess whether a CS that includes RAS status is influenced by whether patients receive perioperative chemotherapy.MethodsWe created a new CS using multivariate analysis of data of patients who underwent hepatectomy for CLM for the first time between 2010 and 2016 at a single hospital (n = 341, 79% received perioperative chemotherapy). The resulting CS and m‐Fong CS were then validated in the patient cohort at three other hospitals (n = 309). Furthermore, the applicability of the two CS in the total cohort (n = 650) was tested according to whether the patients received perioperative chemotherapy.ResultsThe new CS comprised mutant RAS status, ≥4 CLMs, and a CA19‐9 level ≥100 U/mL (1 point per factor). Both the new CS and m‐Fong CS failed to stratify the survival of the 309 patients in the validation cohort, including those who did not receive perioperative chemotherapy (29%). Both of the CS accurately stratified the survival of patients who underwent perioperative chemotherapy but not of those who underwent surgery alone.ConclusionA CS that includes the RAS mutation status can stratify the survival of patients who undergo hepatectomy combined with perioperative chemotherapy, but it has limited value for patients who undergo surgery alone.
Deutscher Rheumatologiekongress virtuell – erfolgreich tagen trotz Pandemie
Authors: Richter Jutta G. , Chehab Gamal , Knitza Johannes , Krotova Anna , Schneider Matthias , Voormann Anna Julia , Schulze-Koops Hendrik , Specker Christof 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die COVID-19-Pandemie führte im Jahr 2020 dazu, dass der Jahreskongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh) als „Deutscher Rheumatologiekongress virtuell“ durchgeführt wurde.

Fragestellung
Wie wird der „Deutsche Rheumatologiekongress virtuell“ angenommen und welche Optimierungsmöglichkeiten bieten sich für die Zukunft?

Material und Methode
Die registrierten Teilnehmer wurden gebeten, an einer Online-Kongressevaluation teilzunehmen.

Ergebnisse
Von 2566 Kongressteilnehmern nahmen 721 an der Evaluation teil. Die Mehrheit (80,2 %) war mit der Veranstaltung insgesamt zufrieden oder sehr zufrieden. Das Format wurde als für den kollegialen Austausch weniger geeignet angesehen. Die verwendete Technik wurde überwiegend als leicht bedienbar und problemlos zugänglich beschrieben. Die ausgewählten Themen des Kongresses entsprachen den Erwartungen von 89 % der Teilnehmer. Die präsentierten Inhalte wurden von 85,2 % der Teilnehmer als für ihre Tätigkeit relevant eingestuft. Eine deutliche Mehrheit der Teilnehmer (85,3 %) würde es begrüßen, die Kongressinhalte dauerhaft und flexibel „on demand“ abrufen zu können.

Diskussion
Insgesamt konnte ein gut akzeptiertes Format für die Durchführung des „Deutschen Rheumatologiekongresses virtuell“ gefunden werden. Optimierungsaspekte konnten aufgezeigt werden, diese können bei der Umsetzung weiterer (digitaler) Kongresse Berücksichtigung finden. Die Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit geben Aufschluss darüber, wie die DGRh virtuelle und/oder hybride Konferenzen in der Zukunft gestalten kann, um den Interessen und Wünschen der Teilnehmer zu entsprechen.
Radial head fractures with interposed capitellar cartilage fragment–hindrance to bone healing–a case series
Authors: Harbrecht Andreas , Hackl Michael , Leschinger Tim , Wegmann Kilian , Seybold Dominik , Müller Lars P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionRadial head fractures account for the majority of bony elbow injuries. The individual treatment options have been described in detail. In some cases, however, an unusual concomitant injury occurs, which can significantly impede primary osteosynthesis and healing. This concomitant injury can be an interposing cartilaginous capitellar fragment.MethodsThis retrospective study describes four cases of trapped cartilage fragments of the capitellum that compromised primary osteosynthesis or primary conservative healing of a radial head fracture. Radiological imaging, function and pain level are presented pre- and postoperatively (mean follow-up 9.25 months).ResultsNone of the four cases showed preoperative evidence of an incarcerated cartilage fragment of the capitellum. They all showed limited elbow range of motion. CT examinations were performed in all cases. In each case, the cartilage fragment was first sighted upon surgery, subsequently removed and the fractures treated with ORIF. Mean follow-up was of 9.25 months. All fractures healed, with excellent function and low pain scores.ConclusionsThis study presents rare cases of a trapped humeral cartilage fragment in radial head fractures. Radiological imaging including CT scans cannot reliably detect this concomitant injury. Therefore, this problem becomes apparent and treatable only during surgery. A high degree of suspicion is necessary especially in patients with minimally displaced fractures associated with limited elbow motion and a gap at the fracture site as treating these injuries conservatively may lead to poor outcome.
Suitability of specific soft tissue swabs for the forensic identification of highly decomposed bodies
Authors: Helm Katharina , Matzenauer Christian , Neuhuber Franz , Monticelli Fabio , Meyer Harald , Pittner Stefan , Gotsmy Walther 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhen decomposition of a recovered body is fairly advanced, identification based on common morphologic features is often impossible. In these cases, short tandem repeat (STR) marker genotyping has established itself as a convenient and reliable alternative. However, at very progressed stages of decomposition, postmortem tissue putrefaction processes can decrease DNA yields considerably. Hence, not all types of tissue are equally suitable for successful STR marker-based postmortem identification.Bone or dental material is often analysed in corpses with advanced decompositional changes. However, processing of these materials is very elaborate and time and resource consuming. We have therefore focused on the suitableness of various types of soft tissue swabs, where DNA extraction is easier and faster. By sampling 28 bodies at various stages of decomposition, we evaluated the suitability of different tissues for genotyping at varying degrees of physical decay. This was achieved by a systematic classification of the sampled bodies by morphological scoring and subsequent analysis of multiple tissue swabs of the aortic wall, urinary bladder wall, brain, liver, oral mucosa and skeletal muscle.In summary, we found variable degrees of suitability of different types of soft tissue swabs for DNA-based identification. Swabs of the aortic wall, the urinary bladder wall and brain tissue yielded the best results — in descending order — even at advanced levels of decay.
Working from home, quality of life, and perceived productivity during the first 50-day COVID-19 mitigation measures in Austria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Weitzer Jakob , Papantoniou Kyriaki , Seidel Stefan , Klösch Gerhard , Caniglia Guido , Laubichler Manfred , Bertau Martin , Birmann Brenda M. , Jäger Carlo C. , Zenk Lukas , Steiner Gerald , Schernhammer Eva 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo explore changes in quality of life and perceived productivity, focusing on the effects of working from home during the first COVID-19 50-day mitigation period in Austria.MethodsWe conducted an Austrian-representative online survey (N = 1010) of self-reported life- and work-related changes during the first COVID-19 50-day mitigation period (March 16 through May 1 2020) compared to the situation before. We used multinominal logistic regression models to identify correlates of improved/decreased quality of life in the entire sample, and of improved/decreased productivity in a subsample of the working population (N = 686). We also calculated age- and multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of an improved/decreased quality of life and an improved/decreased productivity by work from home status.ResultsDuring the COVID-19 mitigation period, quality of life improved in 17.5%, but decreased in 20.7% of the general Austrian population; perceived productivity at work increased in 12.7%, but decreased in 30.2% of the working population. Working from home during the mitigation period was associated with an increased quality of life (vs. none, partially: OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.09–3.91; all the time: 3.69, 1.86–7.29). In contrast, perceived productivity seemed to decrease when people worked from home (vs. none, partially: 1.42, 0.86–2.35; all the time: 1.48, 0.85–2.58). Working from home and related benefits were not equally distributed among gender, age, and educational attainment.ConclusionsA transition to more flexibility of workplace and working hours for employees could have important positive consequences for family and professional life, for stakeholders, for public health, and ultimately for the environment.
A volumetric prediction model for postoperative cyst shrinkage
Authors: Feher Balazs , Frommlet Florian , Lettner Stefan , Gruber Reinhard , Nemeth Letizia Elisabeth , Ulm Christian , Kuchler Ulrike 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives
With only limited information available on dimensional changes after jaw cyst surgery, postoperative cyst shrinkage remains largely unpredictable. We aimed to propose a model for volumetric shrinkage based on time elapsed since cyst surgery.

Material and methods
We used data from patients that underwent cyst enucleation or decompression between 2007 and 2017 and had at least three computed tomography (CT) scans per patient. We fitted one simple exponential decay model [V(t) = V0 · e−ɑt] and one model with a patient-specific decay rate [Vk(t) = V0 · e−βt + γkt].

Results
Based on 108 CT scans from 36 patients (median age at surgery: 45.5 years, IQR: 32.3–55.3, 44% female), our simple exponential decay model is V(t) = V0· e−0.0035t where V(t) is the residual cyst volume after time t elapsed since surgery, V0 is the initial cyst volume, and e is the base of the natural logarithm. Considering a patient-specific decay rate, the model is Vk(t) = V0· e−0.0049t + γkt where γk is normally distributed, with expectation 0 and standard deviation 0.0041.

Conclusions
Using an exponential regression model, we were able to reliably estimate volumetric shrinkage after jaw cyst surgery. The patient-specific decay rate substantially improved the fit of the model, whereas adding specific covariates as interaction effects to model the decay rate did not provide any significant improvement.

Clinical relevance
Estimating postoperative cyst shrinkage is relevant for both treatment planning of jaw cyst surgery as well as evaluating the clinical success of the surgical approach.
Cost-effectiveness of adding Sativex® spray to spasticity care in Belgium: using bootstrapping instead of Monte Carlo simulation for probabilistic sensitivity analyses
Authors: Oppe Mark , Ortín-Sulbarán Daniela , Vila Silván Carlos , Estévez-Carrillo Anabel , Ramos-Goñi Juan M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundUncertainty in model-based cost-utility analyses is commonly assessed in a probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Model parameters are implemented as distributions and values are sampled from these distributions in a Monte Carlo simulation. Bootstrapping is an alternative method that requires fewer assumptions and incorporates correlations between model parameters.MethodsA Markov model-based cost–utility analysis comparing oromucosal spray containing delta-9-tetrahidrocannabinol + cannabidiol (Sativex®, nabiximols) plus standard care versus standard spasticity care alone in the management of multiple sclerosis spasticity was performed over a 5-year time horizon from the Belgian healthcare payer perspective. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis was implemented using a bootstrap approach to ensure that the correlations present in the source clinical trial data were incorporated in the uncertainty estimates.ResultsAdding Sativex® spray to standard care was found to dominate standard spasticity care alone, with cost savings of €6,068 and a quality-adjusted life year gain of 0.145 per patient over the 5-year analysis. The probability of dominance increased from 29% in the first year to 94% in the fifth year, with the probability of QALY gains in excess of 99% for all years considered.ConclusionsAdding Sativex® spray to spasticity care was found to dominate standard spasticity care alone in the Belgian healthcare setting. This study showed the use of bootstrapping techniques in a Markov model probabilistic sensitivity analysis instead of Monte Carlo simulations. Bootstrapping avoided the need to make distributional assumptions and allowed the incorporation of correlating structures present in the original clinical trial data in the uncertainty assessment.
Appendectomy and women’s reproductive outcomes: a review of the literature
Authors: Merlino Lucia , Chiné Alessandra , Carletti Giulia , Del Prete Federica , Codacci Pisanelli Massimo , Titi Luca , Piccioni Maria Grazia 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Background
The most frequent abdominal surgery performed for benign disease in females of fertile age is appendectomy, which remains among the most common surgeries and is a possible cause of peritoneal adhesions. The fact that appendectomy can cause adhesions may lead one to think that this may be a relevant risk factor for infertility; however, there is no universal agreement regarding the association between appendectomy and fertility. The aim of this review is to evaluate weather appendectomy may have a relevant impact on female fertility.

Methods
The search was conducted in PubMed and there was no limitation set on the date of publication. All studies regarding populations of female patients who had undergone appendectomy for inflamed appendix, perforated appendix, or negative appendix between childhood and the end of the reproductive period were included.

Results
Some authors believe that pelvic surgery can cause adhesions which can potentially lead to tubal infertility by causing tubal obstruction or by altering motility of fimbriae, tubal fluid secretion, and embryo transport. On the other hand, the most recent evidence reported that removal of the appendix seems to be associated with an increased pregnancy rate in large population studies.

Conclusion
Despite the existence of contrasting opinions concerning fertility after appendectomy, the most recent evidence suggests that appendectomy may actually lead to improved fertility and decreased time to pregnancy. Appendectomy seems to be correlated with improved fertility and higher pregnancy rates.