bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMAGINARIES AND EXPULSION: How 1,000 Temporary Accommodation Units for Refugees in the City of Gothenburg Became 57
Authors: Grange Kristina 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFrom September to November 2015, more than 100,000 people applied for asylum in Sweden. Societal solidarity was unmistakable during this period, but six months later, when the refugees were to be accommodated, the situation had changed. In this analysis of imaginaries of migrants as strangers I scrutinize the city of Gothenburg's plan to build 1,000 temporary housing units to accommodate refugees. The project failed, resulting in only 57 units being built. In this article I analyse the societal imaginations the project revealed, including those embedded in political and public conflicts of opinion. In an attempt to understand why people sometimes refuse to share social space, I draw on a combination of Sara Ahmed's theories on the figure of ‘the stranger’ and Julia Kristeva's theories on how the stranger emanates from an ontological lack. I also outline in the article how different techniques of expulsion can be used to create spatial and temporal estrangement. In the subsequent analysis I demonstrate how practices of exclusion worked to expel migrants from urban development plans in the city of Gothenburg. The conclusion emphasizes the urgent need to scrutinize imaginaries among majority populations, and draws attention to the fact that the ‘foreigner is within us’.
Value‐destroying Mergers: Evidence from Korean Business Groups*
Authors: Bae Kee‐Hong , Kim Kyunghyun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, we find evidence of tunneling in mergers among affiliated firms that belong to Korean business groups. Using a recent sample of Korean mergers during the 2000–2020 period, we find that control‐motivated mergers to enhance the controlling family’s control over the business group significantly decrease the target’s value and that of the value‐weighted combined portfolio of the acquirer and target. Our evidence indicates that tunneling persisted even after the implementation of several governance reforms in Korea following the 1997 Asian financial crisis, casting doubt on the effectiveness of those reforms in curbing the tunneling behaviors of Korean business groups.
A longitudinal investigation of COVID‐19 pandemic experiences and mental health among university students
Authors: Stamatis Caitlin A. , Broos Hannah C. , Hudiburgh Stephanie E. , Dale Sannisha K. , Timpano Kiara R. 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesPrevious studies have established a link between the COVID‐19 pandemic and poor mental health. They further suggest that young adults may be especially vulnerable to worsened mental health during the pandemic, but few studies have investigated which specific aspects of the COVID‐19 experience affect psychological well‐being over time. To better understand concrete predictors of poor mental health outcomes in this population, we identified several pandemic‐related experiences and evaluated their effects on mental health symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress, alcohol, and substance use) in a sample of U.S. college students (N = 176).MethodsBoth mental health symptoms and pandemic‐related experiences were evaluated at the start of quarantine (March/April 2020, Time 1) and the end of the Spring 2020 semester (May 2020, Time 2). Given the limited literature on specific predictors of mental health during a pandemic, we used elastic net regression, a novel analytic method that helps with variable selection when theoretical background is limited, to narrow our field of possible predictors.ResultsWhile mental health symptoms were elevated at both timepoints, there were no clinically significant changes from Time 1 to Time 2 and few differences between sociodemographic groups. Both disruption due to the pandemic (β = .25, p = .021) and limited confidence in the federal government’s response (β = −.14, p = .038) were significant predictors of depression symptoms at the end of the semester, even when controlling for baseline depression. Further, predictions that the pandemic would continue to impact daily life further into the future were linked with pandemic stress response symptoms (β = .15, p = .032) at Time 2, beyond the effects of baseline symptoms. Alcohol (β = −.22, p = .024) and substance use (β = −.26, p = .01) were associated with reduced adherence to COVID‐19 guidelines.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that specific aspects of the pandemic experience may be influencing internalizing symptoms and alcohol/substance use in college students, pointing to potential avenues for targeted support and intervention.Practitioner points

A range of factors may influence university student mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Students who expect the pandemic will continue to impact daily life further into the future maybe more likely to report stress symptoms.

Disruption due to the pandemic and limited confidence in the federal government’s response may be associated with depression symptoms.

Alcohol and substance use are associated with lower COVID‐19 guideline adherence in university students.
Metabolic inflexibility in youth with obesity: Is it a feature of obesity or distinctive of youth who are metabolically unhealthy?
Authors: Gebara Nour Y. , Kim Joon Young , Bacha Fida , Lee SoJung , Arslanian Silva 
Published: December 2021

SummaryIndividuals with obesity have metabolic inflexibility with diminished fasting fat oxidation and blunted increase in respiratory quotient (RQ) in insulin‐stimulated states. However, it is unclear if metabolic inflexibility is a characteristic of obesity per se or is unique to youth who have metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) compared with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). We investigated metabolic flexibility in youth with MUO, MHO and normal weight (NW) and compared their metabolic characteristics. Youth (n = 188) were divided, based on cut‐off points for in vivo insulin sensitivity (IS) of adolescents with NW, into 137 with MUO and 51 with MHO. Fasting hepatic IS (HIS) from hepatic glucose production by [6,6‐2H2]glucose, adipose tissue IS (ATIS) from whole‐body lipolysis by [2H5]glycerol, RQ (indirect calorimetry) during fasting and a hyperinsulinemic (80 mU/m2/min)‐euglycemic clamp were measured. Youth with MUO versus MHO had blunted ΔRQ (p = .035) and lower HIS and ATIS (both p < .0001), while ΔRQ, HIS and ATIS were not different between youth with MHO and NW. In a pair‐matched sub‐analyses of 30 MUO and 30 MHO the results were similar to the total cohort. Metabolic inflexibility, does not appear to be a feature of obesity per se rather distinctive of youth with MUO, who also have worse HIS and ATIS compared with youth with MHO.
Bioavailability of once‐daily tacrolimus formulations used in clinical practice in the management of De Novo kidney transplant recipients: the better study
Authors: Fernandez Rivera Constantino , Calvo Rodríguez María , Poveda José Luís , Pascual Julio , Crespo Marta , Gomez Gonzalo , Cabello Pelegrin Sheila , Paul Javier , Lauzurica Ricardo , Perez Mir Mònica , Moreso Francesc , Perelló Manel , Andres Amado , González Esther , Fernandez Ana , Mendiluce Alicia , Fernández Carbajo Beatriz , Sanchez Fructuoso Ana , Calvo Natividad , Suarez Alejandro , Bernal Blanco Gabriel , Osuna Antonio , Ruiz‐Fuentes M. Carmen , Melilli Edoardo , Montero Perez Nuria , Ramos Ana , Fernández Beatriz , López Verónica , Hernandez Domingo ,   the Better study
Published: December 2021

AbstractMulticenter, prospective, observational study to compare the relative bioavailability of once‐daily tacrolimus formulations in de novo kidney transplant recipients. De novo kidney transplant recipients who started a tacrolimus‐based regimen were included 14 days post‐transplant and followed up for 6 months. Data from 218 participants were evaluated: 129 in the LCPT group (Envarsus) and 89 in the PR‐Tac (Advagraf) group. Patients in the LCPT group exhibited higher relative bioavailability (Cmin /total daily dose [TDD]) vs. PR‐Tac (61% increase; P < .001) with similar Cmin and 30% lower TDD levels (P < .0001). The incidence of treatment failure was 3.9% in the LCPT group and 9.0% in the PR‐Tac group (P = .117). Study discontinuation rates were 6.2% in the LCPT group and 12.4% in the PR‐Tac group (P = .113). Adverse events, renal function and other complications were comparable between groups. The median accumulated dose of tacrolimus in the LCPT group from day 14 to month 6 was 889 mg. Compared to PR‐Tac, LCPT showed higher relative bioavailability, similar effectiveness at preventing allograft rejection, comparable effect on renal function, safety, adherence, treatment failure and premature discontinuation rates.
ALKBH5‐mediated m6A modification of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 triggers the development of LSCC via upregulation of HOXA9
Authors: Li Yushan , Yan Bingrui , Wang Xin , Li Qiuying , Kan Xuan , Wang Jingting , Sun Yanan , Wang Peng , Tian Linli , Liu Ming 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIt has been shown that N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification is involved in the development of complex human diseases, especially in the development of cancer. Our research investigated the role and mechanism of the m6A modification of lncRNA KCNQ1 overlapping transcript 1 (KCNQ1OT1) in Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) progression. Microarray analysis was used to quantitatively detect the m6A apparent transcriptional modification level of lncRNA in LSCC tissue. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation‐qPCR (MeRIP‐qPCR), in situ hybridization (ISH) and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) were used to examine the m6A modification and expression of KCNQ1OT1. In addition, in vivo and in vitro experiments have tested the effects of KCNQ1OT1 knockdown on the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of LSCC. Mechanically, we found the N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase ALKBH5 mediates KCNQ1OT1 expression via an m6A‐YTHDF2‐dependent manner and KCNQ1OT1 could directly bind to HOXA9 to further regulate the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of LSCC cells. In general, our research indicates that ALKBH5‐mediated m6A modification of KCNQ1OT1 triggers the development of LSCC via upregulation of HOXA9.
Loneliness, sadness, and feelings of social disconnection in older adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Holaday Louisa W. , Oladele Carol R. , Miller Samuel M. , Dueñas Maria I. , Roy Brita , Ross Joseph S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPublic health measures to control the COVID‐19 pandemic have led to feelings of loneliness among older adults, which, prior to COVID, has been associated with subsequent morbidity and mortality. We sought to identify differences in feelings of loneliness, sadness, and social disconnection early in the pandemic across racial groups, and possible mitigating factors.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional analysis using the weighted nationally‐representative Medicare Current Beneficiaries Survey COVID‐19 supplement, collected summer 2020. We included all Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older who did not respond by proxy. We examined changes in loneliness, sadness, or feelings of social disconnection. Multivariable logistic regression models accounted for sociodemographic variables, access to primary care and the internet, and history of depression or dementia.ResultsAmong 8125 beneficiaries, representative of 43.7 million Medicare beneficiaries, 22.6% reported loneliness or sadness, and 37.1% feeling socially disconnected. In fully‐adjusted models, Hispanic/Latinx beneficiaries were most likely to report loneliness or sadness (OR = 1.3, CI: 1.02–1.65; p = 0.02) and Black beneficiaries were least likely to report feeling socially disconnected (OR = 0.55; CI: 0.42–0.73; p < 0.001). Internet access was associated with increased odds of both (OR = 1.29, 95 CI: 1.07–1.56; p = 0.009; and OR = 1.42, 95 CI: 1.24–1.63; p < 0.001, respectively). Access to primary care was associated with lower odds of both (OR = 0.77, 95 CI: 0.61–0.96; p = 0.02; and OR = 0.72, 95 CI: 0.61–0.87; p < 0.001).ConclusionsLoneliness, sadness, and feelings of social disconnection were common among older Medicare beneficiaries early in the COVID‐19 pandemic. Differences by race/ethnicity may be driven by different living structures and social networks, and warrant further study. Policy makers and clinicians should consider facilitating connection by phone or in person, as internet access did not diminish feelings of loneliness, particularly for those living alone. Access to primary care, and tools for clinicians to address loneliness should be prioritized.
Bacterial decomposition of allochthonous organic matter in shallow subtropical lakes
Authors: Gayer Pâmela R. , Guimarães Pablo S. , Albertoni Edélti F. , Hepp Luiz U. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractShallow lakes favour the development of aquatic macrophytes that can influence the limnological characteristics of these environments. In addition to macrophytes, allochthonous organic matter contributes to the metabolism of lakes through the bed of decomposing detritus. Among the decomposing microorganisms, bacteria can be important in the processing of organic matter when the abundance of fungi and invertebrates is low. The present study evaluated the effects of macrophyte coverage on bacterial‐mediated leaf decomposition of allochthonous debris in shallow subtropical lakes. Litter bags were incubated with senescent leaves of Erythrina crista‐galli in six shallow lakes, three with high (HML) and three with low (LML) macrophyte coverage. After 2, 7, 15 and 35 days of incubation, a set of litter bags was removed from each lake for bacterial, environmental and mass‐loss analyses. Decomposition rates were higher in the LML (49% of remaining mass), compared to the HML (63% of remaining mass). The bacterial density and biomass were higher in the LML. Limnological variables influenced bacterial morphotypes, especially branched filament. Thus, the high coverage of aquatic macrophytes can be a main factor influencing the bacterial colonization in the debris, delaying the decomposition process in these ecosystems.
Atopic dermatitis and skin infections are a poorly documented crisis in Canada's Indigenous pediatric population: It's time to start the conversation
Authors: Asiniwasis Rachel Netahe , Heck Emma , Amir Ali Asma , Ogunyemi Bolu , Hardin Jori 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCanadian Indigenous youth continue to face higher rates of health disparities than their non‐Indigenous counterparts. In dermatology, this includes a high burden of atopic dermatitis, as well as secondary skin and soft tissue infections. Unfortunately, numerous barriers to treatment exist, including systemic and institutional racism, poverty, crowded housing conditions on reserves, access and cost of basic skin care regimens, and clean water access. As per the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Canadian dermatologists have been called upon to train more First Nations, Metis, and Inuit physicians to ensure we are providing high‐quality, anti‐racist, culturally appropriate care to Indigenous peoples.
The first line of prevention: A public health nursing advocacy video
Authors: Schaer Janita M. , Campbell Lisa A. , Thomas Laura J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPublic health nurses (PHNs) serve as the first line of prevention in public health and safety threats such as the COVID‐19 pandemic. Although PHNs provide vital services to protect communities and populations’ health, a pervasive lack of knowledge exists regarding the PHN role among policymakers and the general public. Advocacy for investment in the public health nursing workforce remains a priority as staffing and financial constraints have created sizeable barriers for PHNs during the COVID‐19 response. Creating an advocacy video with personal stories from PHNs emerges as a powerful and cost‐effective strategy to increase the visibility of PHNs. For this project, interviews with PHNs from COVID‐19 hot spots were used to create a 3‐min advocacy video. PHNs featured in this video discussed the implications of rerouting resources to combat COVID‐19 for the populations they serve. The authors disseminated the video through popular social media venues, public health and nursing organizations and nurse influencers to reach nursing students, faculty, and the public. Over an 8‐week period, the video received 2732 views on social media with an average view duration of 2 min. This article includes strategies to maximize the impact of an advocacy video when shared with relevant stakeholders.
Contemporary and future dust sources and emission fluxes from gypsum- and quartz-dominated eolian systems, New Mexico and Texas, USA
Authors: Sweeney Mark R. , Forman Steven L. , McDonald Eric V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent research on dust emissions from eolian dunes seeks to improve regional and global emissions estimates and knowledge of dust sources, particularly with a changing climate. Dust emissions from dune fields can be more accurately estimated when considering the whole eolian system composed of active to stabilized dunes, interdunes, sand sheets, and playas. Each landform can emit different concentrations of dust depending on the supply of silt and clay, soil surface characteristics, and the degree to which the landforms are dynamic and interact. We used the Portable In Situ Wind Erosion Laboratory (PI-SWERL) to measure PM10 (particulate matter &lt;10 μm) dust emission potential from landforms in two end-member eolian systems: the White Sands dune field in New Mexico (USA), composed of gypsum, and the Monahans dune field in west Texas, composed of quartz. White Sands is a hotspot of dust emissions where dunes and the adjacent playa yield high dust fluxes up to 8.3 mg/m2/s. In contrast, the active Monahans dunes contain 100% sand and produce low dust fluxes up to 0.5 mg/m2/s, whereas adjacent stabilized sand sheets and dunes that contain silt and clay could produce up to 17.7 mg/m2/s if reactivated by climate change or anthropogenic disturbance. These findings have implications for present and future dust emission potential of eolian systems from the Great Plains to the southwestern United States, with unrealized emissions of &gt;300 t/km2/yr.
Antimicrobial use and resistance data in human and animal sectors in the Lao PDR: evidence to inform policy
Authors: Chansamouth Vilada , Mayxay Mayfong , Dance David AB , Roberts Tamalee , Phetsouvanh Rattanaxay , Vannachone Bouakham , Vongsouvath Manivanh , Davong Viengmon , Inthavong Phout , Khounsy Syseng , Keohavong Bounxou , Keoluangkhot Valy , Choumlivong Khamla , Day Nicholas PJ , Turner Paul , Ashley Elizabeth A , van Doorn H. Rogier , Newton Paul N 
Published: December 2021

ObjectivesTo review the scientific evidence base on antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in human and animal sectors in the Lao PDR (Laos).MethodsWe reviewed all publications from July 1994 (the first article describing AMR in Laos) to December 2020. Electronic searches were conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed with specific terms relating to AMR and AMU in Lao, French and English languages.FindingsWe screened 1,357 peer-reviewed and grey reports by title and abstract and then full articles/reports. Of 80 included, 66 (83%) related to human health, nine (11%) to animal health, four (5%) to both animal and human health and one (1%) to the environment. Sixty-two (78%) were on AMR and 18 (22%) on AMU. Extended spectrum beta lactamase-producingEscherichia coliwas the greatest concern identified; the proportion of isolates increased fivefold from 2004 to 2016 (2/28 (7%) to 27/78 (35%)) from blood cultures submitted to the Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane. Carbapenem resistantEscherichia coliwas first identified in 2015. Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) was uncommon, with 15 cases of MRSA from blood cultures between its first identification in 2017 and December 2020. AMR patterns of global antimicrobial resistance surveillance system (GLASS) target pathogens from livestock were less well documented. There were few data on AMU in human health and none on AMU in livestock. The first hospital AMU survey in Laos showed that 70% (1,386/1,981) of in-patients in five hospitals from 2017 to 2018 received antimicrobial(s). Antibiotic self-medication was common.ConclusionAMR in Laos is occurring at relatively low proportions for some GLASS pathogens, giving the country a window of opportunity to act quickly to implement strategies to protect the population from a worsening situation. Urgent interventions to roll out new guidelines with enhanced one-health antibiotic stewardship, reduce antibiotic use without prescriptions, enhance surveillance and improve understanding of AMU and AMR are needed.
Tumour-infiltrating bystander CD8+T cells activated by IL-15 contribute to tumour control in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Leem Galam , Jeon Minwoo , Kim Kun Woo , Jeong Seongju , Choi Seong Jin , Lee Yong Joon , Kim Eui-Soon , Lee Jae-Ik , Ha Seung Yeon , Park Su-Hyung , Shim Hyo Sup , Lee Jin Gu , Kang Shin Myung , Shin Eui-Cheol 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundTumour-unrelated, virus-specific bystander CD8+T cells were recently shown to be abundant among tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). However, their roles in tumour immunity have not been elucidated yet.MethodsWe studied the characteristics of bystander CD8+TILs from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues (N=66) and their activation by interleukin (IL)-15 to repurpose them for tumour immunotherapy.ResultsWe show that bystander CD8+TILs specific to various viruses are present in human NSCLC tissues. We stimulated CD8+TILs ex vivo using IL-15 without cognate antigens and found that IL-15 treatment upregulated NKG2D expression on CD8+TILs, resulting in NKG2D-dependent production of interferon (IFN)-γ (p=0.0006). Finally, we tested whether IL-15 treatment can control tumour growth in a murine NSCLC model with or without a history of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection. IL-15 treatment reduced the number of tumour nodules in the lung only in mice with MCMV infection (p=0.0037). We confirmed that MCMV-specific bystander CD8+TILs produced interferon (IFN)-γ after IL-15 treatment, and that IL-15 treatment in MCMV-infected mice upregulated tumour necrosis factor-α and IFN-γ responsive genes in tumour microenvironment.ConclusionThus, the study demonstrates that bystander CD8+TILs can be repurposed by IL-15 for tumour immunotherapy.