bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic and occupational mobility of small-scale fishers of Lake Malawi: an exploratory study of water, sanitation, and hygiene access, Malawi
Authors: Holm Rochelle H. , Chakalamba Tikhala , Ngasama Bwighane , Kapute Fanuel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The livelihood of small-scale fishers on the world's freshwater lakes cuts across the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6, which covers water and sanitation, and SDG 8 on economic growth. The aim of this study was to examine the nature and extent of fishers' mobility patterns and access to improved sanitation facilities, safe drinking water, and handwashing practices while at work and home for two fishing camps in Malawi. The study used key informant interviews, questionnaires, water quality testing, and an observational checklist, followed by interviews on fishers' occupational migration. Many fishers (85%; 51/60) live and work in fishing camps with their families. Most fishers only went on day trips, but 8% of their working days were away from the fishing camps. Only eight fishers had safe (0 cfu/100 ml) drinking water at home. Most fishers reported drinking (97%) from and going to the toilet (92%) in the lake during fishing. Historical trends in cholera cases did not correlate with higher periods of migratory behavior of fishers observed in this study. Improving the livelihoods of small-scale fishers requires attention to their culture, the economics of the industry, and geographic criteria while at work and within fishing communities along the shores of Lake Malawi.
An Overview of Phytotherapy Used in the Management of Type II Diabetes
Authors: Sharma Alok , Chawla Rakesh , Kaur Jasleen , Madaan Reecha 
Published: June 2021

:
Diabetes mellitus is related to unconstrained high blood sugar and linked with long-term
impairment, dysfunction and failure of several organs. Since 1980, the global frequency of diabetes
has almost doubled in the adult population. In very rare cases due to poor prevention and management
programs, diabetes causes worsening of health and reduced lifespan of the world population,
thus impacting on the world’s economy. Supplements, however, help in the improvement of nutritional
deficiencies. Phytotherapeutics has the advantage of being economical and easy to access
with marginal side effects. So, it is a preferred candidate for the management of diabetes. Currently,
a multitude of pharmaceuticals are used which are obtained from natural sources having medicinal
properties. The mechanistic approaches are based on the regulation of insulin signaling pathways,
translocation of GLUT-4 receptors and/or activation of PPAR γ. These natural compounds include
numerous flavonoids which help in preventing glucose absorption by preventing the absorption
of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. But to validate the efficacy and safety profile of these compounds,
detailed validatory clinical studies are required. This review majorly focuses on the mechanistic
approaches of various naturally derived compounds relevant for the condition of Diabetes
Mellitus.
The Impact of Universal Test and Treat Program on Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy Outcomes (Coverage, Adherence and Lost to Follow Up) at Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar, Bali-Indonesia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Suryana Ketut 
Published: June 2021

Background:
World Health Organization (WHO) (2015) recommended that all people diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive initiate Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART) immediately (less than a week), irrespective of CD4 count (Universal Test and Treat / UTT) Program.

Objective:
To evaluate the impact of UTT as a current therapeutic program on HIV treatment outcomes, coverage, adherence, and lost to follow-up (LTFU) at Wangaya Hospital in Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.

Methods:
A Retrospective cohort study was conducted during July 2017 - June 2018 (Pre-UTT) and September 2018 – August 2019 (Post-UTT). Around 402 medical records were selected, reviewed, and enrolled. Data were analyzed using SPSS software for windows version 24.0. Bivariate analysis (Chi-square test) was performed on all variables with a statistically significant t level of 0.05.

Results:
Among 4,322 new visitors; 3,585 (82.95%) agreed to take HIV test and 402(11.21%) were confirmed HIV reactive. Most participants confirmed HIV reactive occured at age 25-34 years old and 230 (57.21%) were male. The majority education level were primary (Junior high school) 302(75.12%), 379(94.28%) were employed and 281 (69.90%) stayed in Denpasar. About 350 (87.06%) received HAART, 298 (85.14%) with high adherence and 52 (14.86%) LTFU. Pre-UTT, HAART coverage; 83.03% (181), were statistically significant increased to 91.85% (169) post UTT (p=0.000). High adherence pre-UTT; 79.56% (144) was significantly increased to 91.12% (154) post UTT (p=0.006) and LTFU were significantly decreased; 20.44% (37) to 8.87% (15) (p=0.006).

Conclusion:

UTT program significantly improve the HIV treatment outcome (increased coverage, adherence, and decreased LTFU).
Ertugliflozin and Slope of Chronic eGFR
Authors: Cherney David Z.I. , Cosentino Francesco , Dagogo-Jack Samuel , McGuire Darren K. , Pratley Richard , Frederich Robert , Maldonado Mario , Liu Chih-Chin , Liu Jie , Pong Annpey , Cannon Christopher P. 
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives
A reduction in the rate of eGFR decline, with preservation of ≥0.75 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year, has been proposed as a surrogate for kidney disease progression. We report results from prespecified analyses assessing effects of ertugliflozin versus placebo on eGFR slope from the eValuation of ERTugliflozin effIcacy and Safety CardioVascular outcomes (VERTIS CV) trial (NCT01986881).

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were randomized to placebo, ertugliflozin 5 mg, and ertugliflozin 15 mg (1:1:1). The analyses compared the effect of ertugliflozin (pooled doses, n=5499) versus placebo (n=2747) on eGFR slope per week and per year by random coefficient models. Study periods (weeks 0–6 and weeks 6–52) and total and chronic slopes (week 0 or week 6 to weeks 104, 156, 208, and 260) were modeled separately and by baseline kidney status.

Results
In the overall population, for weeks 0–6, the least squares mean eGFR slopes (ml/min per 1.73 m2 per week [95% confidence interval (95% CI)]) were −0.07 (−0.16 to 0.03) and −0.54 (−0.61 to −0.48) for the placebo and ertugliflozin groups, respectively; the difference was −0.47 (−0.59 to −0.36). During weeks 6–52, least squares mean eGFR slopes (ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year [95% CI]) were −0.12 (−0.70 to 0.46) and 1.62 (1.21 to 2.02) for the placebo and ertugliflozin groups, respectively; the difference was 1.74 (1.03 to 2.45). For weeks 6–156, least squares mean eGFR slopes (ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year [95% CI]) were −1.51 (−1.70 to −1.32) and −0.32 (−0.45 to −0.19) for the placebo and ertugliflozin groups, respectively; the difference was 1.19 (0.95 to 1.42). During weeks 0–156, the placebo-adjusted difference in least squares mean slope was 1.06 (0.85 to 1.27). These findings were consistent by baseline kidney status.

Conclusions
Ertugliflozin has a favorable placebo-adjusted eGFR slope >0.75 ml/min per 1.73 m2 per year, documenting the kidney function preservation underlying the clinical benefits of ertugliflozin on kidney disease progression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:
US National Library of Medicine, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01986881. Date of trial registration: November 13, 2013.
PENGARUH MODEL BELAJAR PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PJBL) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN INSTALASI TENAGA LISTRIK SISWA XI DI SMK NEGERI 1 PERCUT SEI TUAN TA.2019/2020
Authors: Sahron Arif , . Baharuddin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of the project based learning (PJBL) learning model on the learning outcomes of electric power installation in class XI TITL at SMK. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a Posttest Only Control Group Design model. The number of research subjects was 62 students, consisting of 32 students of class XI TITL 1 as the experimental class and 32 students of class XI TITL 2 as the control class. The data collection technique used was a multiple choice written test which had been tested for validity, reliability, difficulty level, and differentiation power. The results showed that the learning outcomes of the project based learning model showed that the students' average score in the experimental class was 77.33 while the control class was 71.16. From the results of the calculation of the hypothesis test, it is obtained tcount 3.261 and ttable is 1.670, then tcount> ttable or 3.261> 1.670, so it can be concluded that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) in this study is accepted while rejecting the null hypothesis (Ho) in other words the learning outcomes of class XI students. Electrical Power Installation Techniques on the competence of understanding the installation and measurement of earth systems with a project based learning (PPA) learning model are higher than student learning outcomes using conventional learning models..Key Words: Project based learning model, learning outcomes AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran project based learning (PJBL) terhadap hasil belajar instalasi tenaga listrik kelas XI TITL di SMK. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimen dengan model Posttes Only Control Group Design. Jumlah subjek penelitian 62 orang peserta didik, yang terdiri dari 32 peserta didik kelas XI TITL 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan 32 peserta didik kelas XI TITL 2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes tertulis berbentuk pilihan ganda yang telah terlebih dahulu diuji Validitas,reliabilitas,tingkat kesukaran, dan daya beda. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa hasil belajar model belajar project based learning diperoleh nilai rata-rata siswa pada kelas eksperimen yaitu 77,33 sedangkan kelas kontrol 71,16. Dari hasil perhitungan uji hipotesis diperoleh thitung 3,261 dan ttabel adalah 1,670, maka thitung > ttabel atau 3,261 > 1,670, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa hipotesis alternative (Ha) dalam penelitian ini diterima sekaligus menolak hipotesis nihil (Ho) dengan kata lain hasil belajar siswa kelas XI Teknik Instalasi Tenaga Listrik pada kompetensi memahami instalasi dan pengukuran sistem pembumian dengan model belajar project based learning (PJBL) lebih tinggi dari hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model belajar konvensional. Kata Kunci: Model belajar project based learning, hasil belajar
Study Regarding the Analysis of Mobile Defense at the Level of the Land Forces
Authors: Tudorache Paul 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
From analysis of various doctrines belonging to NATO’s armies, some inconsistencies can be identified regarding the use of operational procedures, one of which concerning on mobile defense. Taking into consideration the importance of this defensive task at the level of Land Forces, the study aims to clarify the principles of its use by organic tactical military structures, respectively to identify doctrinal similarities and differences, analyzing in a comparative manner different doctrines of NATO Land Forces. Also, highlighting the operation phasing the operation specific to mobile defense is more than necessary for the present study.
The Social Construction of the “Non-professional Computer Users”: The “Center for the Popularization of Informatics” in Catalonia, Spain (1980s-1990s)
Authors: Meda-Calvet Ignasi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The histories of personal computing have been focusing lately on groups of users who saw computing as an exciting new field in activities apparently as different as hardware tinkering, coding or even playing video games. What do we know, however, about the users who did not share these interests and yet ended up using personal computers in their everyday contexts? Based on the study of the Center for the Popularization of Informatics—a Catalan institution that promoted computer technologies among diverse audiences, often unemployed and youth—this article shows how a new and heterogeneous user profile needed to be created: the “non-professional computer users.” With the increasing use of computers in the 1990s, most people employed computer technologies as a means to carry out regular duties and labor tasks performed, in most cases, even before computerization. In addition, the article suggests that computer technologies strengthened more than improved or reshaped the traditional labor processes and working conditions.
Portfolios within the preschool environment
Authors: Trávníčková Petra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The academic community has been discussing the options for using portfolios within the education process for a number of years. Studies looking at this phenomenon often focus on a constructivist concept of portfolios where the child is the main agent in creating the document (Sitz & Bartholomew, 2008; Smith et al., 2003). The alternative to this is the positivist concept of the portfolio. The submitted research study is focused on the use of portfolios specifically within the preschool environment. The research’s main objective was to understand how children’s portfolios are used within the education process in preschools and present the children’s perspective on their own portfolios. Adopting a qualitatively-focused research design, the research methods used were content analysis of portfolios, and interviews with children on their document. The research findings show that within the preschool environment, portfolios are used in a number of ways. These ways are directly linked to the teacher’s belief on the importance of portfolios for preschool-age children. A child’s portfolio can be a concept, a tool, a method or also a means. The results also present the children’s original perspective on their own portfolios. This study is based on a part of my completed rigorosum thesis (Trávníčková, 2019).
The temporary return to the homeland in Michael Ondaatje’s Running in the Family
Authors: Joudar Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study concentrates on memory in Michael Ondaatje’s Running in the Family because it is the foundation for the whole novel. Ondaatje’s attempt creates a relationship with the past by performing all acts of the journey in physical and imaginary performances of listening and reproducing. His attempt depends on his own memory; however, his memory does not coincide with stories he has heard, and the historical documents tend to conflict with each other. In the interior of his travels, Ondaatje reveals the extent of his isolation and the impact of his displacement. As he narrates the stories, he faces difficulties in distinguishing between rumors and lies, in organizing fragments of knowledge, and in explaining challenges tied to his methods of cultural revival. These challenges are met in the non-linear and sometimes stunning text plans which he uses.
Bisphosphonates in Dentistry – State of the Art
Authors: Vučićević Tamara , Živanović Suzana , Papić Miloš , Lukić Aleksandra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bisphosphonates remain the most used and most effective drugs for the treatment of systemic bone diseases followed by bone resorption. Although their side effects in a form of alveolar bone osteonecrosis have been reported, bisphosphonates have a potential of being used in the treatment of the most common oral diseases followed by alveolar bone resorption such as peri-implantitis, periapical lesions, and periodontitis. The aim of this article was to review the most recent research regarding the use of bisphosphonates in the field of dentistry. The results of studies indicate that bisphosphonate use in the treatment of peri-implantitis, periapical lesions, and periodontitis can reduce alveolar bone resorption and contribute to bone preservation. However, the most beneficial way of their application in the treatment of these oral diseases remain to be determined.
Ventilação Não-Invasiva na Falência Respiratória Aguda
Authors: Costa Bárbara , Amaral Ricardo , Sá Vieira Miguel , Maia José Miguel , Barros Nelson , Esteves Francisco 
Published: June 2021

Introdução: A ventilação não invasiva (VNI) é uma opção válida, ainda que não consensual, no tratamento de doentes com falência respiratória aguda. O presente artigo tem o objetivo de identificar fatores preditores de resposta à VNI neste grupo de doentes.
Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo longitudinal que incluiu todos os doentes admitidos numa unidade de cuidados intensivos nos anos 2016 e 2017, nos quais a VNI foi utilizada no decurso de falência respiratória aguda de novo (PaO2/ FiO2 < 200). Foram incluídos doentes com pneumonia adquirida na comunidade (PAC) e síndrome da dificuldade respiratória aguda (SDRA) e comparados doentes com resposta à VNI com os não respondedores.
Resultados: Entre 2016 e 2017, 83 doentes com falência respiratória aguda de novo foram tratados com VNI. Destes, 50 (60%) foram tratados com sucesso. A causa mais comum de falência respiratória foi a PAC, que registou valores de resposta à VNI de 70%. Doentes respondedores à terapêutica de ventilação não invasiva apresentaram scores de gravidade (APACHE 2; SAPS 2; SOFA) inferiores à admissão (17,5; 37,5; 6 vs 22; 48; 9, p=0,014, p<0,01 e p<0,01, respetivamente). Os não respondedores apresentaram valores significativamente inferiores de pH arterial (7,35 vs 7,42, p<0,01), rácio PaO2/FiO2 (118 vs 145, p=0,03), e valores significativamente superiores de lactato sérico (2,2 vs 1,46, p<0,01) assim como maior necessidade de suporte vasopressor (51,5% vs 30%, p=0,04). No que diz respeito a dados gasimétricos após início de VNI, o rácio PaO2/FiO2 registou um aumento superior e estatisticamente significativo no grupo de doentes com resposta à VNI (+53, p<0,01 vs +14, p=0,09).
Conclusão: A VNI foi eficaz como estratégia ventilatória em 60% dos doentes com falência respiratória aguda. Os doentes que aparentam ter maior probabilidade de resposta à introdução da VNI são: doentes com PAC, com ou sem SDRA moderado (em detrimento do SDRA severo), doentes sem acidemia respiratória e doentes sem hiperlactacidemia e/ou necessidade de suporte vasopressor. A melhoria do ratio PaO2/FiO2 após as primeiras duas horas de VNI parece ser um bom preditor de sucesso.
Espectro Clínico dos Autoanticorpos TH/TO e NOR90 na Esclerose Sistémica
Authors: Cravo Márcia , Mendonça Teresa , Farinha Fátima 
Published: June 2021

Introdução: A esclerose sistémica é uma doença autoimune com amplo espectro clínico. Os autoanticorpos podem indiciar sintomas, diagnósticos e orientar para o tratamento mais adequado. A relevância da pesquisa do anti-Th/To e anti-NOR 90 é menos conhecida. O objetivo foi avaliar as principais manifestações clínicas e diagnósticos etiológicos associados aos anticorpos Th/To e NOR 90.
Material e Métodos: Estudo observacional retrospetivo, envolvendo 61 doentes em seguimento na consulta externa de doenças autoimunes com os anticorpos Th/To ou NOR90 positivos em centro único, entre 2018 e 2020. Foram excluídos os doentes sem informação disponível. Os dados demográficos, manifestações clínicas e diagnósticos foram analisados com recurso a informação dos processos informáticos.
Resultados: Na amostra o género feminino foi o mais prevalente. Verificou-se envolvimento cutâneo, articular, cardiopulmonar e gastrointestinal, sem atingimento renal associado a nenhum dos autoanticorpos. Em ambos os grupos foi estabelecido diagnóstico de esclerose sistémica em 40% dos casos. Não se identificaram outros autoanticorpos concomitantes em 53% e 50% dos doentes com Th/To e NOR90, respetivamente.
Discussão e Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou envolvimento similar em ambos os autoanticorpos com atingimento cutâneo e articular frequentes, maior envolvimento cardiopulmonar nos doentes com anti-Th/To e gastrointestinal no grupo com anti-NOR90. Apesar de ambos se terem associado à esclerose sistémica numa percentagem não desprezível de doentes, em aproximadamente metade dos casos encontravam-se isolados, sem concomitância com outros autoanticorpos relacionados com esta doença, indiciando a relevância da sua pesquisa ativa aquando a suspeita clínica de esclerose sistémica com intuito diagnóstico.
Kebutuhan Pengembangan dan Keterampilan Khusus Personil dalam Bidang Penerbangan Indonesia
Authors: Supriyadi Yaddy , Abdullah Rusdi 
Published: June 2021

Mitigation action towards aviation occurrence in Indonesia, according to number of aviation accident of the National Transport Safety Commitee, have not been showing a significant results. It can be caused by two things. First, the continuous development of aviation knowledge and technology. Second, the gaps between knowledge and skills that acquired during training phases and those required in the working environment This research is aimed to identify these gaps. The lack of understanding of Air Traffic Controllers on the concept of separation and how to implement it, minimum English speaking skills, and no training on RNA V and RNP are findings related to training solution. Whilst the malfunction of communication and monitoring devices, and no callibration to those devices are findings related to non-training solution.
Pemecahan permasalahan kecelakaan penerbangan di Indonesia, berdasarkan data jumlah kecelakaan pesawat dari Komisi Nasional Keselamatan Transportasi, dapat dikatakan belum optimal. Masalah tersebut dapat dilihat dari dua hal, yaitu perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi penerbangan maupun kesenjangan yang terjadi antara kebutuhan pengetahuan dan keterampilan personil di lapangan dengan pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang diberikan pada masa pendidikan dan pelatihan. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengidentifikasi kesenjangan tersebut. Kurangnya pemahaman personil Pemandu Lalu Lintas Udara terhadap konsep pemberian separation dan implementasinya, kurangnya keterampilan bahasa Inggris dan belum terprogramnya program pelatihan RNAV dan RNP merupakan temuan yang bersifat pelatihan. Sementara tidak optimalnya fungsi peralatan komunikasi dan monitoring bahkan tidak dapat dioperasikannya peralatan monitoring serta tidak adanya program kalibrasi terhadap peralatan tersebut merupakan hasil temuan yang bersifat non-pelatihan dari penelitian ini.
Pengembangan LKPD Berbasis Model ARCS Pada Pokok Bahasan Kesetimbangan Ion dan pH Larutan Penyangga
Authors: Hanifha Sasya , Susilawati  , Copriady Jimmi 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to develop student worksheets based on the ARCS model on ionic equilibrium and pH of the buffer solution subject, determining the validity of student worksheets of the aspects of content, ARCS characteristics, language, presentation, graphics and find out user responses through student worksheets based on ARCS models on ionic equilibrium and pH buffer solution subject. This research is a Research and Development (R&D) with a 4-D development model. The object of this research is student worksheets based on the ARCS model. The data collection instruments were in the form of validation sheets given to three validators and user questionnaires given to teachers and students. After two revisions, the validity results obtained in the aspects of content, ARCS characteristics, language, presentation and graphics, respectively, namely 93.75%, 93.75%, 98.33%, 97.92% and 98%. the average score was 96.33% that comes to valid criteria. student worksheets which was valid by the validator tested one by one on 3 students who had studied the ion balance and pH of the buffer solution. Furthermore, asking for response to 3 chemistry teachers and 20 students resulted the teacher’s response and resultied a student response 91.07% and 79.73% that comes to very good criteria. Based on the results of the data analysis, it concluded that student worksheets based on the ARCS model was valid and can be used during high school chemistry lessons on the ion balance and pH of buffer solution subject.