bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of packaging on phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant characteristics of mechanical cabinet dried wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) arils
Authors: Thakur Abhimanyu , Thakur NS , Hamid  , Gautam Sunakshi 
Published: March 2021

Wild pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit arils with high acid content are processed into dried arils (anardana) which is used as an ingredient in various medicinal formulations and culinary preparations. The various phenols and flavonoids are responsible for the antioxidant activity of anardana which signifies its functional benefits. The advanced packaging techniques like vacuum packaging, can retain higher antioxidant activity characteristics during storage. So, the present studies were carried out to compare the effect of packaging on total phenols, flavonoids, DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) antioxidant activity, metal chelating activity, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and reducing power of anardana prepared in mechanical cabinet drier. Anardana was packed in different packaging materials and stored under ambient and refrigerated temperature conditions. The overall effect of storage during 12 months revealed that there was a significant (p< 0.05) decrease in total phenols (180.95 to 161.76 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (40.60 to 32.66 mg QuE/100 g), DPPH antioxidant activity (61.23 to 56.13%), metal chelating activity (22.25 to 19.37%), FRAP (34.60 to 31.73 ?M Fe2+/100 g) and reducing power (0.610 to 0.521) which was observed less in anardana packed in ALPV (aluminium laminated pouches with vacuum) followed by ALP (aluminium laminated pouches) and gunny bags. Due to slower rates of degradation of various antioxidant compounds, the changes after 12 months of storage were lower under refrigerated conditions. The total phenols, flavonoids and DPPH antioxidant activity were reduced from 180.95 to 167.24 and 156.28 mg GAE/100 g, 40.60 to 34.95 and 30.37 mg QuE/100 g and 61.23 to 57.99 and 54.27 % in refrigerated and ambient temperature conditions, respectively.
Age and growth analysis of the fish Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede) from River Nayar, Garhwal Himalaya, Uttarakhand
Authors: Mohd Rashid  , Sagir Mohd , Dobriyal A. K. 
Published: March 2021

The ability to age fish accurately is essential in understanding the dynamics of fish population. Age and growth determination in Mastacembelus armatus was assessed by the scale method which was verified by the length-frequency distribution method. The scales were small, elongated and the focus was shifted slightly uppish from the centre. The fish length and scale radius relationship was found linear (Scale radius = 6.974 + 0.452 Fish length; r = 0.9746) and authenticated the age analysis. Back calculation method was used to find out the size of fish at annulus formation, which confirmed four age rings in M. armatus at the size of 14.07±0.92, 26.05±4.99, 37.96± 2.59 and 48.48±6.06 cm respectively. First two age rings were observed in the fish length group 30-40 cm, the third ring was observed in 40-50 cm and the fourth ring in 50-60 cm length group. The finding was dully validated by length-frequency distribution method. The growth annual increment (h) of M. armatus shows that the length increment was 14.07, 13.32, 11.91 and 10.52 cm during 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year respectively. It shows that the fish grows continuously during its entire life period. The average growth (? h) was observed as 12.12 cm. annually. The assessment of age and growth rate of fish is a prerequisite to generate the information on recruitment, longevity and fluctuations in fishery caused by various year classes which is an important tool for rational exploitation of fish stock.
A study on biology and larval behaviour of fruit piercing moth of Othreis (Eudocima) materna (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on pomegranate, Punica granatum
Authors: Shendge Eknath , Khaire Bapurao , Chavan Ramrao 
Published: March 2021

Among different fruit piercing moths, the genus Othreis are the most harmful, causing widespread damage to pomegranate, citrus and mango fruits causing fruit fall in tropical and subtropical countries. The present communication deals with the study on the biology of Othreis materna (L) from egg to adult’s death which was carried out at room temperature of the laboratory to investigate the delicate and vulnerable stages of its life cycle. The life cycle of the moth was completed within 45-61 days, with an average 55.03 days in case of male and within 47-63 days with an average 57.07±4.92 in case of female. Eggs hatching started at night or early in the morning and duration of hatching was 2.72 days. The eggs measured were about 0.95 to 0.03 mm in diameter. The freshly emerged first instar larvae were light yellowish coloured and translucent. The first instar larvae were very active after hatching and they moved 4 to 6 feet for searching the food. The larvae were fed with the leaves of Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy or Guduchi). The total larval duration in days from first, second, third, fourth and fifth instar varied from 2.12±0.01, 1.81±0.05, 2.87±0.02, 3.90±0.11, 4.74±0.38 in days respectively and total larval period was 15.44±0.57. Pupae were dark brown in colour and total pupation period was of 13.81±0.12 days and total adult duration for male and female was 23.08±0.70 and 25.20±0.66 days respectively. The adult of O. materna was bright orange in colour and of medium size. The male was small than the female. This is first study of this type from Marathwada, which will help to trace the vulnerable and delicate stage of the life cycle of this O. materna.
Host range of Phellinus sensu lato in India: An overview
Authors: Kumari Anuradha , Harsh N. S. K. , Singh A. N. 
Published: March 2021

Phellinus Quel. is a member of family Hymenochaetaceae of the order Hymenochaetales. This genus comprises wood-inhabiting, saprophytic and parasitic species. Species of Phellinus sensu lato are known to have large host range and cause white rot of various types to live standing or dead trees from all over the world. The current study is based on a thorough study of literature to document the host range of Phellinus species from India. The study indicated that one hundred and seventy four plant species from 51 families are found to be infected by Phellinus species. The families found to be the most affected are Fabaceae, Combretaceae, Meliaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Anacardiaceae, Myrtaceae, Meliaceae, Lauraceae, Fagaceae, Rosaceae. Many plant (tree) species are affected by Phellinus; this establishes it as a potential pathogen and wood decay fungi. The present study also reports Phellinus from almost all over India and every climatic zones. This indicated the high tolerance and acclimatization of Phellinus towards diverse climatic conditions. The most affected host is Artocarpus followed by Terminalia and Acacia. Although the study reports Phellinus from diverse climatic zones of India, the most affected families and genera are from moist tropical conditions. This indicates that Phellinus has vigorous activity in warm and moist areas and affects diverse plant/tree species in these areas like Maharashtra and Kerala. The states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telengana, Union Territories, Manipur, Mizoram and Nagaland are still left to be explored. The present study has key significance in biodiversity, medicinal as well as the pathogenic study of Phellinus. It provides an overall host range of genus Phellinus, confirming its vast host diversity. The information could further be used in disease, biodiversity and plant pathological assessments.
Ameliorative effect of Albizzia procera leaves extract against experimentally induced gastric ulcer models in Wistar albino rats
Authors: Srivastava Vivek , Verma Santosh Kumar , Mathur Neha , Goel Kapil Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Albizzia procera belongs to family Fabaceae and has several phytoconstituents like flavonoids, terpenes, alkaloids, saponins etc. The plant is commonly used in traditional medicines. The objective of the present study was to assess the ameliorative effect of A. procera leaves extract against an experimentally induced gastric ulcer in albino rats. The antiulcer, antisecretory and cytoprotective properties of an ethanolic extract prepared from the leaves was evaluated. When given in a 200 mg/kg oral (per. os) dose, the extract produced 74% and 85% protection index in ethanol-induced ulcer model and pylorus ligation model, respectively. Additionally, the extract also prohibited the formation of haemorrhage and edema, significantly lessened catalase activity (p<0.0001) and the lipid peroxidation level (p<0.0001) in the glandular tissue of Wistar albino rats. Furthermore, the extract also significantly diminished the total acidity(p<0.0001) of the gastric fluid by increasing its pH (p<0.0001). The occupancy of different phytoconstituents in the extract, such as flavonoids and tannins were identified that may be responsible for its gastro-protective activity. All these results provide a basis explaining the antiulcer ability of A. procera being useful in the management of gastric ulcers.
Epidemiology and control strategies of novel coronavirus disease in the context of India
Authors: Gupta Abhishek , Rani Alka , Sogan Nisha , Sharma R. S. , Sharma Bindu 
Published: March 2021

An outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) occurred for the first time in Wuhan, China which spread as a pandemic to various countries of the world, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Death toll in India on 8th February 2021 was 1,55,080. India had implemented steps such as lockdown and advised social distancing, washing of hands, and wearing masks to reduce the burden of Covid-19. This review discusses the epidemiological features, the population at risk and control strategies of novel coronavirus disease in India. The data was collected from various sources on individual details of Covid-19 cases, population density and affluence percentage from the literature studied. The data was used to analyse the susceptibility of the population to this disease. It was found that Indian males, age group 20 to 40 (based on morbidity) and above 60 (based on mortality) were at high risk. The authors compiled epidemiology, management and control strategies of covid-19 in India. Therefore, because of various early implementations, India has managed the disease well earlier, but in the current scenario (30 Nov 2020) morbidity and mortality have been at peak. Immunization of frontline workers started on 16th January 2021. Initially, 7,017,411 doses of Covishield and Covaxin vaccines have been given by 10th February 2021. Thus, the existing strategies like proper diagnosis, treatment, and successful implementation of vaccine inoculation will reduce covid-19 burden and may lead to normalcy.
Occupational and environmental health hazards associated with food processing and the use of personal protective equipment: A case study of Gari processing in southern Ghana
Authors: Fosu-Mensah Benedicta Y. , Adabie Derek Fiifi , Johnson Paa-Nii T , Mensah Michael 
Published: March 2021

The processing of cassava into different staple foods, including gari, comes with occupational and environmental hazards. This research aimed at assessing the awareness of occupational health hazards associated with the processing of cassava (Manihot esculenta) into Gari, environmental impact and factors that influence the wearing of personal protective equipment. Ninety (90) Gari producers were randomly selected from Awutu Senya, Central Tongu and Ayensuano Districts of Ghana and interviewed using structured and semi-structured questionnaire. Results revealed that Gari producing industry was dominated by women (78.9%). The majority of cassava processors in the study area were aware of health hazards associated with the production of gari. However, most did not take measures to reduce or mitigate exposure to health risk. The Gari industry was less attractive to people above 60 years (8.9%). Training on occupational safety and health risk was low among processors. The usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) by processors was low. Only 3.3%, 16 and 17.8% used footwear, working gear and coat, respectively, during processing. Factors that influenced processors' decision to use PPE included years of experience in processing, knowledge of health risk associated with the processing of cassava into Gari, awareness of protective equipment and a visit to health facility relating to condition sustained at work. Producers were aware of the environmental effects of Cassava-mill effluent but did not treat effluents before discharge into the environment. Some environmental effects of mill cassava effluent identified by the gari producers were; reduction in soil productivity, destruction of vegetation cover, the killing of trees and bad odour. The low level of education and training accounted for the low usage of PPEs.
Assessment of monthly variation in heavy metal characteristics of Electroplating industrial untreated wastewater at selected sites of Chandigarh
Authors: Pandey Vivek , Rattan V. K. 
Published: March 2021

With the contest of urbanization and industrial development, electroplating industries have grown rapidly. The different chemicals, metal salts and discharge of large volume of wastewater with inefficient treatment facilities had created the pollution load on water bodies. The present study was carried out to investigate the assessment of the monthly variation of pH and heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Zn, Fe) of electroplating untreated industrial wastewater from the selected study sites viz. SS-1: Atul Industries, SS-2: Suresh Fasteners, SS-3: Bajrang Industrial Company, SS-4: Stylex Industries, SS-5: Karan Industries, SS-6: Avon Industries, SS-7: Geetika Enterprises, SS-8: Atop Fasteners, SS-9: Accufit Fasteners and SS-10: Ashoka Furniture Udyog at industrial area phase I and phase II of Chandigarh. The untreated electroplating wastewater samples were collected from ten study sites (SS-1 to SS-10) and were analyzed following the standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. The results of the present study revealed that the maximum concentration of heavy metals such as Zn (122.20 mg/l)during the month of August 2019 at the SS-8, Ni (156.37 mg/l) during the month of August 2019 at the SS-4, Cr (467.01 mg/l) during the month of October 2019 at the SS-5 and Fe (13.22 mg/l)during the month of December 2019 at the SS-2. The load of metallic ions discharge from the electroplating industries before any treatment from the selected study sites (SS-1 to SS-10) was found in the following order as Cr>Ni>Zn>Fe. Thus the present study would provide baseline data for the development of treatment strategies for wastewater discharge from electroplating industries and also in minimizing the effects of heavy metal contamination of receiving water bodies.
Responses of Populus deltoides’ stem cuttings under treatment of different growth hormones in planting seasons
Authors: Chhetri Satyen , Pandey Sharad , Dharmveer  
Published: March 2021

The farmers have widely used vegetative propagation of plants due to the low germination percentage of seeds of various plant species. So to study the asexual propagation technique of Populus deltoides, the present study was conducted where a number of stem cuttings of Poplar were treated with growth hormones: IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid), NAA (1-Naphthaleneacetic acid) and GA3 (Gibberellic acid) at different concentrations (100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm). Some cuttings, which were not treated with hormones, considered as control. A completely randomized design was used to conduct the experiment. The responses were recorded for the cuttings, which were collected and planted in on-season (February) and off-season (July) for 30, 60 and 90 Day after planting (DAP). The results showed that the cuttings collected and planted in February month responded with the better growth rate in shoot and root parameters. The untreated cuttings showed relatively lower values for all growth parameters than the cuttings treated with hormones. Tukey HSD test of multiple comparisons revealed that IBA, at higher concentration, had significantly (P<0.05) higher values for most of the growth parameters, followed by GA3. Pearson product-moment correlation showed a very strong correlation (P>0.70) recorded for underground biomass and other parameters. These findings can allow the farmers to select the best treatment to enhance the growth and yield of P. deltoides.
Wheat genotypes as assessed by Additive main & multiplicative interactions (AMMI) and Best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) for stability analysis under rainfed timely sown trials in Northern Hills Zone of India
Authors: Verma Ajay , Singh G. P. 
Published: March 2021

Stability analysis of wheat genotypes under rainfed timely sown trials in Northern Hills Zone of India by Additive main & multiplicative interactions (AMMI) analysis observed highly significant effects of the environment, GxE interaction and genotypes during 2018-19 and 2019-20. The ranking of genotypes had altered with utilization of more number of IPCA’s in AMMI and WAASB measures. Environments contributed about 53%, GxE interaction accounted for 30.5% and Genotypes explained only 5.4% of the total sum of squares due to treatments in the first year. Wheat genotypes HS668, VL2035, VL2036 , HS562 had been selected by Analytic measures of adaptability and Superiority indexes. Different quadrants comprised of a cluster of arithmetic, geometric, harmonic means along with corresponding adaptability measures. Superiority Indexes considering averages grouped separately. This group maintained the right angles with a group of MASV & MASV1 measures. Clustering of Adaptability measures as per arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means placed in a quadrant. Second-year reflected VL2041, HS675, HS676 & HS562, HPW471 genotypes selected by adaptability and superiority indexes. About 68% of the total variation with 38.4% and 30.2% contributions by PC1 & PC2. Adaptability measures maintained the right angle with other stability measures, with the exception of Superiority indexes. There is an additional advantage with these measures to assign variable weights to the yield and stability as per the goal of breeding trials. These indexes have the potential to provide reliable estimates of genotypes in future studies as they are considered more number of significant IPCA’s in biplots.
Assessment of Indian cooking practices and cookwares on nutritional security: A review
Authors: Saxena Sarthak , Saini Sonia , Samtiya Mrinal , Aggarwal Sunita , Dhewa Tejpal , Sehgal Shalini 
Published: March 2021

Food provides us nutrients and the energy required for growth, reproduction, and maintenance. Energy is required to perform all voluntary and involuntary activities like digestion, respiration, circulation, carrying out professional, household and recreational activities. Despite having rich food diversity, we are using only a few items as our staple food. With the adoption of eastern cooking practices and cookwares, risk of both pre-and post-transitional diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, malnutrition, obesity, etc. has increased significantly. Aluminium toxicity and nutrients breakdown has become a common problem in pressure cooking. To overcome this problem, it is important to shift from the modernized cooking methods to our traditional cooking practices, i.e., use of earthen cookwares, clay pots and some selected metal utensils, e.g., copper, iron, brass, etc. It has been shown that earthen, copper, iron, and soapstone cookwares do not leach toxic trace elements into the food and enhance the sensory qualities without decreasing the food nutrients. Adoption of traditional Indian cooking practices (such as fermentation, roasting, germination, etc.), cookwares (such as earthen, copper, iron, soapstone, etc.) and increasing the consumption of healthy diet grains like millets, etc. can easily combat the pre- and post-transition health problems in India, effectively. This review would provide a deep understanding to the people to decide the best cookware and cooking processes that will improve their health and provide ample nutritional value to them.
Optimization with genetic algorithms of chlorogenic acid's extraction and purification from native potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) peel, using an aqueous two-phase system
Authors: Paz- Morales Doris Inés , Rojas-Padilla Carmen Rosa , Vásquez Villalobos Victor Javier 
Published: March 2021

Chlorogenic acid is one of the main phenolic components of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Researchers have demonstrated that this phenolic compound is a higher concentration in the native Huagalina potato peel and is also found in the whole tuber's cooking water. This research aims to extract and purify chlorogenic acid (CGA) from potato Huagalina peel obtained from discarded manufacturing for snacks, using an Aqueous Two-Phase System (ATPS). The central composite design rotatable (CDDR); Response Surface Methods (RSM) in R x 64 4.0.3 and RSM package was used to identify the regions of interest that resulted in the best extraction levels. The concentration of ethanol (EtOH) and disodium phosphate (DSP) were selected as factors capable of affecting CGA performance. Extraction efficiency values for concentrations were optimized using genetic algorithms (GA) applying the R package GA. . In the present research, a high value of 0.8 was applied, which produced new "offspring" solutions, which share some good characteristics taken from both parents. The mutation is applied after the crossover, altering some genes in the chains, which was 0.1. According to what has been reported, the offspring can replace the entire population or replace individuals with less aptitude. This evaluation cycle and selection-reproduction cycle were repeated until a satisfactory recovery of CGA (97.2%) estimated with GA at a pH of 3.4 (25ºC) was achieved, yielding 443.7 ± 0.062 mg CGA / 100 g dry weight of potato peels.
Biochemical basis of systemic acquired resistance induced by different Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) elicitors in Brassica cultivars challenge inoculated with downy mildew pathogen
Authors: Astha  , Sekhon P. S. 
Published: March 2021

In India, Brassica is attacked by many bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens causing various diseases among which, downy mildew caused by Hyaloperonospora brassicae, an oomycete is the most severe one. The present investigation was conducted to reduce fungicide load on Brassica by testing an alternate method of disease control. Different Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) compounds were tested as foliar sprays like Salicylic acid, Jasmonic acid and Bion (Benzothiadiazole-BTH) for inducing resistance in different genotypes of Raya (Brassica juncea) against downy mildew pathogen. Protein content in plants ranged between 43.5 to 57.7 mg/g fresh weight compared to 37.2 mg/g fresh weight in control. Induction of proteins and defense related enzymes was systemic in nature. The SAR compounds also surged the levels of defense related proteins, i.e. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and pathogenesis related Pr- proteins i.e. ?-1,3 glucanase, Peroxidase (POD), from 21 to 130 per cent indicating induction of resistance. Protein profiling of treated Brassica plants was also done electrophoreticaly, which further confirmed the induction of pathogenesis-related proteins ranging from 15- 75 kDa along with some other proteins. Salicylic acid @ 500µM showed best results with 71.27 per cent disease control followed by Jasmonic acid with 69.6 per cent; whereas both, Bion and ?eta amino butyric acid gave almost 63 per cent disease control as compared to control plants. Integration of disease tolerance in Brassica varieties/genotypes combined with prophylactic spray of salicylic acid proved to be very economical for managing downy mildew disease.