bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mandibular Advancement Devices (MAD) as a Treatment Alternative for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS)
Authors: Fichera Grazia , Ronsivalle Vincenzo , Zappalà Graziano , Campagna Paola , Quinzi Vincenzo , Lo Giudice Antonino 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Continuous Positive Airways Pressure therapy (CPAP) is the gold standard treatment of the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS), however, the scarce adherence to the therapy requires the evaluation of other therapeutic alternatives.

Objective:
The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of Mandibular Advancement Devices (MAD) in subjects affected by OSAS who had interrupted the treatment with CPAP and to make comparative evaluations.

Methods:
Eighteen subjects (15 males and 3 females), aged between 27 and 60 years, with a diagnosis of moderate to severe OSAS were included. Inclusion criteria: polysomnographic examination before treatment (T0) and after 1 month from the beginning of the therapy with CPAP(T1), interruption of the treatment due to loss of compliance, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) questionnaire filled out at T0 and T1. Subjects started the treatment with MAD and polysonnographic examination was prospectively executed after 3 months (T2) and 1 year (T3). One-way analysis of the variance (ANOVA) was used to compare data of polysonnographic examination performed at T0, T1, T2 and T3 as well as the differences of ESS scores recorded at different timing.

Results:
Compared to baseline (T0), all functional parameters tested showed statistically significant differences at T1, T2 and T3 (p < 0.001), meanwhile no differences were found between data recorded after therapy with MAD (T2 and T3) and with CPAP (T1). Similar results were also found with the score of ESS among different timelines (p < 0.001).

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that MAD could be a valid alternative for the treatment of OSAS in those patients with scarce adherence to the CPAP therapy.
An In Vitro Study on the Effects of Selected Natural Dietary Fiber from Salad Vegetables for Lowering Intestinal Glucose and Lipid Absorption
Authors: Powthong Pannapa , Jantrapanukorn Bajaree , Suntornthiticharoen Pattra , Luprasong Chitradee 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Salad vegetables are good sources of dietary fiber and are becoming increasingly popular among consumers. Therefore, these plants have the potential to be developed as functional foods.

Objective:
Using an in vitro model, this study investigated the physical properties and intestinal glucose and lipid absorption capacities of dry dietary fiber from vegetables typically consumed in salads (types of lettuce, including red oak, red coral, green oak, butterhead, and cos).

Method:
Fiber was prepared from each type of lettuce using an enzymatic method and then characterized. Physical properties, including solubility and water-binding, swelling, cation-exchange, and oil-binding capacities, and antihyperglycemic and antihypercholesterolemic effects of fiber were investigated.

Results:
The hydration capacity of total dietary fiber and insoluble fiber from the majority of sources was significantly different from that of cellulose. Adsorption and diffusion of glucose were directly proportional to incubation time, and the diffusion rate was significantly lower in the treatments containing fiber compared to the cellulose control. Fiber from these vegetables also inhibited amylase and alpha-glucosidase activities. Moreover, fiber from all sources exhibited significantly higher sodium cholate and cholesterol-binding capacity compared to cellulose, and also retarded pancreatic cholesterol esterase activity in a concentration-dependent manner.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that natural dietary fiber from salad vegetables can reduce glucose and lipid absorption and breakdown rates, thus preventing increases in postprandial blood glucose and cholesterol levels, which can be beneficial to human health.
Preliminary Studies on Optimization of Anti-Parkinson Drug Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles Enriched Hydrogel Formulations for Management of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Samanthula Kumara S. , Alli Ramesh , Gorre Thirupathi 
Published: March 2021

Introduction:
Ropinirole (RP), is a selective dopamine agonist that is used alone or with
other medications to treat the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). RP has low bioavailability of
only about 50% due to the first-pass metabolism, and it requires frequent dosing during oral administration.

Aim:
The objective of the current research was to develop RP-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (RP-
SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (RP-NLCs), and their corresponding hydrogels (RP-SLN-C
and RP-NLC-C) that could enhance RP therapeutic outcomes during PD treatment.

Methods:
RP nanoparticles were prepared by homogenization followed by probe sonication and optimized
based on particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), % assay, % entrapment
efficiency, and in vitro release studies. Optimized formulations were converted into hydrogel
formulations using Carbopol 934 as a gelling polymer and optimized based on rheological and release
characteristics. Optimized formulations were further evaluated using differential scanning
calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
freeze-drying, and stability study at refrigerated and room temperatures.

Results:
The optimized RP-SLN formulation showed particle size and entrapment efficiency of
213.5±3.8 nm and 77.9±3.1% compared to 190.6±3.7 nm and 85.7±1.7% for optimized RP-NLC
formulation. PXRD supplemented and confirmed DSC results, RP was entrapped in a molecularly
dispersed state inside the core of the lipid nanocarrier. Furthermore, RP-loaded lipid nanocarriers
revealed a spherical shape in SEM images. In vitro release studies demonstrated sustained release
profiles for RP from SLNs, NLCs, and their hydrogels over 24 h. Optimized SLN, NLC, and nanocarrier-
loaded hydrogel formulations were stable over three months at 4ºC and 25ºC storage conditions.

Conclusion:
Overall, the results demonstrated that lipid nanocarriers and their corresponding hydrogel
formulations can be considered as a topical drug delivery vehicle for RP during the treatment
of PD.
THE UTILIZATION OF FLASH CARDS IN TEACHING ENGLISH TO YOUNG LEARNERS
Authors: Nuryani Novi , Fadloeli Odo 
Published: March 2021

Media in learning process is very intact because it will be supported from the learning to be more easily exposed. Many experts say that with the media, it can help teachers and students in the learning process to be able and achieve the goals of the learning process. This research aimed it introducing and describing how the preparation and utilization of the flash cards media are used by teachers in teaching English to young learners. This research was conducted at SDN Baros Mandiri 2 Cimahi. The method used in this research is the descriptive research in accordance with the case study that occurred. The source of the data was the English teacher and the subjects were the second grade students of SDN Baros Mandiri 2 Cimahi. Observation, interviews and documentation are the data collection techniques used in this research. The findings reveal that teachers use flash card media according to the material to be delivered to young learners. Based on the results of the research the flash card media can help facilitate teachers in the delivery of learning material, students are also more enthusiastic, excited and very happy to learn English and very influential in the teaching and learning process. Keywords: instructional media, utilization of instructional media, flash Card
DEIXIS IN THE SONG LYRIC “LEVEL OF CONCERN” BY TWENTY ONE PILOTS
Authors: Nurjamilah Siti , Efransyah Efransyah 
Published: March 2021

The title of this research is deixis in the Song Lyrics “Level of Concern” by Twenty One Pilots. The objectives of this research are to identify the type of deixis and to find out the dominant types of deixis that are mostly used in the song lyrics entitled Level of Concern. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The researchers took the data from (Joseph, 2020) of the song lyric entitled “Level of Concern” by Twenty One Pilots, for it describes the current world situation, and the lyrics of the song contains a wide range of deixis that have attracted the researchers to examine this song. After conducting this research, the researchers concluded that three types of deixis namely personal, spatial, and temporal deixis. Personal deixis divided into three parts: the first person as speaker, the second person as hearer and the third person as others, with 77 words in that song. Temporal deixis showed a certain period of time which consist of 3 words, and the spatial deixis describes the location in a conversation which consist of 2 words. The major type from the whole data are personal deixis, because they represent the singer and the message which wanted to be delivered to the listeners. Keywords: Pragmatic, Deixis, Song Lyric
A DEIXIS ANALYSIS OF SONG LYRICS IN “I WANT TO BREAK FREE” BY QUEEN
Authors: Saputra Sutrisno , Apsari Yanuarti 
Published: March 2021

A Deixis Analysis of Song Lyrics in Queen “I Want to Break Free”. The aim of the research are to analyze the three types of deixis analysis using Yule (1996) theory and to identify the dominant deixis found in the lyrics. Researchers chose this song as the subject of analysis because of the song's popularity and it also consisted of deictic words and reference meanings. This study was conducted by using descriptive qualitative method. The data this research are lyrics of “I want to break free” song by Queen. In addition, this song was classified into three types of deixis analysis based on their own criteria. The result of the research showed that there are three types of deixis found in the song. They are: Person deixis (94%), Spatial deixis: (3%), Temporal deixis: (3%). In addition, the highest percentage of all is Person deixis. It means that the use of personal deixis indicated the participant in this song. Keywords: Analysis, Deixis, Song, Lyrics
TEACHERS’ STRATEGIES IN TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION
Authors: Nurdianingsih Fitri 
Published: March 2021

Abstract This study is aimed at portraying teacher’s strategies in teaching reading comprehension to students by involving an English teacher. In collecting the data, interview was conducted to identify the strategies of teaching reading comprehension. The result revealed that the strategies used by the teacher were understanding text, individual and group learning strategy, and QAR strategy. The result indicated that teachers need to be equipped by strategies in teaching reading comprehension in order to help the students to cope with the difficulties in learning English. The choice of strategies was adapted by the teachers with the materials, the syllabus and curriculum. Those strategies were effective in teaching reading comprehension because it can help student to comprehend the text and they could exchange their opinion with their friends. Keywords: teachers’ strategy, reading comprehension
THE UTILIZATION OF KINEMASTER APPLICATIONS IN THE MAKING OF MULTIMEDIA BASED TEACHING MATERIALS FOR ENGLISH E-LEARNING IN NEW NORMAL (COVID-19)
Authors: Haryudin Acep , Imanullah Farhan 
Published: March 2021

The objectives of this study are; 1) to determine the ability in implementing online learning and multimedia use, 2) to determine the difficulties in online learning and difficulties in providing multimedia-based learning. 3. to assist participant in making multimedia-based learning media with the Kinemaster application. Researchers use descriptive qualitative methods. Respondents in this study were prospective students participating of English Education study program. 62.5% of respondents when teaching always use multimedia, 25% sometimes use multimedia in teaching, and 12.5% rarely use multimedia. Regarding difficulties in class management as much as 50%, in time management 25% and difficulties in operating software 25%. Other obstacles experienced are; 42.9% of the obstacles are networking, then 42.9% of the software application systems are not easy to operate and electrical energy sources 14.3%. The number of respondent 100% not only know but have also used the kinemaster application in making multimedia-based learning media by 62.5%, and 37.5% who never used the kinemaster, 62.5% of respondents said it was easy and 37.5% still had difficulties,. kinemaster really helps respondents in learning as much as 50% stated that they were helped, 12.5% did not feel helped, and 37.5% stated that it was normal. Keywords: Kinemaster, Multimedia, English Online Learning
Super-selective Partial Splenic Embolization for Hereditary Spherocytosis in Children: A Single-Center retrospective Study
Authors: Xiong Qiang , Wang Ruijue , Xiao Li , Dai Xiaoke , Li Yingcun , Zhang Mingman 
Published: March 2021

Hereditary spherocytosis is the most common cause of hemolytic anemia
due to defects in the blood cell membrane. Partial splenic embolization
(PSE) might significantly improve the effects of hemolysis in HS
patients while preserving partial splenic function. However, due to the
poor controllability of the scope of interventional embolization, PSE in
pediatric HS had not been widely studied and applied.
The present study is the first to propose that optimized PSE procedure
to treat pediatric HS patients, which named super-selective partial
splenic embolization (SPSE). We investigated the feasibility and
effectiveness of SPSE. This study was conducted by retrospectively
reviewing clinical data from HS patients treated by surgical treatments
who were diagnosed at children’s hospital of Chongqing medical
university from January 2015 to December 2019. Patients were divided
into two groups according to treatment preference: SPSE (16 patients)
group and total splenectomy (41 patients) group. The data were analyzed
such as preoperative and postoperative leukocytes, hemoglobin,
platelets, bilirubin, immunological indicators, and postoperative
complications. The success rate of two groups were 100%. The
improvement of hemolysis in patients after SPSE was not different from
that after total splenectomy, and the effect can be maintained for a
long time. The average hemoglobin value increased significantly from
6.97g/dL before SPSE to 12.2g/dL after SPSE (P=0.000). SPSE was
performed without any serious complications. SPSE is a safe and
effective treatment for moderate or severe HS in children.
Yleisten kielitutkintojen arvioijien käsityksiä thainkieliseksi tunnistettujen suomenoppijoiden suullisesta kielitaidosta
Authors: Ahola Sari 
Published: March 2021

Artikkelissa tarkastellaan sitä, miten thainkielisten suomenoppijoiden (N=10) ensikielen tunnistaminen vaikuttaa Yleisten kielitutkintojen (YKI) suomen arvioijien (N=44) käsityksiin kielitaidosta ja millaisia käsityksiä arvioijilla on thainkielisten suullisesta kielitaidosta. Artikkelin aineisto liittyy Rikkinäistä suomea-hankkeeseen, jossa thainkieliset oli yksi tutkimukseen osallistuneesta ensikielen ryhmittymästä. Artikkelissa määrällisen aineiston avulla tarkastellaan tunnistamista ja arvioinnissa käytettyjen kuuden analyyttisen arviointikriteerin käyttöä. Laadullinen aineisto koostuu arvioijien kirjoittamista ensikielen tunnistamiseen ja oppijoiden kielitaitoon liittyvistä huomioista, joiden analyysissä hyödynnetään teoriaohjaavaa sisällönanalyysia.
Arvioijat tunnistivat hyvin naiset (N=8) thainkielisiksi, mutta miesten (N=2) ensikieltä ei tunnistettu. Tunnistamisella oli vaikutusta taitotasoarvioihin: tunnistetut saivat huonompia arvioita ääntämisestä ja rakenteiden tarkkuudesta, mutta heitä palkittiin sujuvuudesta ja yleiskriteerin hallinnasta. Arvioijista thainkielisten oli vaikea oppia ensikielensä vuoksi kohdekielinen ääntäminen. Rakenteelliset puutteet taas olivat seurausta formaalin opetuksen puutteesta. Thainkielisten kielitaidon vahvuutena pidettiin sujuvuutta, johon liittyi aktiivisuus tuottaa puhetta. Yleiskriteerin arviot olivat yhteydessä oppijan tuotoksen ymmärrettävyyteen. Käsityksiin oppijoiden taidosta vaikuttivat myös tiedot thainkielisten elämästä Suomessa ja erityisesti naisiin liittyvät stereotyyppiset ajattelumallit.
Out-of-class English Practicing
Authors: Ahmed Zhakaw H. , Ali Wrya I. 
Published: March 2021

Research in Second/Foreign language learning indicates that using English outside of the classroom is an essential part of the language learning process. However, certain studies have been cared out on university-level EFL students indicate that students use English minimally when outside of the classroom. This study furthers the research on English use outside of the classroom to more fully understand out-of-d all types of language learners and the link between language proficiency and out-of-class English language use. For methodology, three private universities in Erbil are concerned. The tools that are used in this study is a questionnaire and also interview. Validity and reliabilities are regarded here. The aims are to investigate the use of of-out-of class activity type that promotes using English and even their attitudes toward the benefits of using English outside of class. Research explores some recommendations to English language departments in the three universities which are helpful for the students’ language proficiency, the research also provides some suggestions for further studies.
Las hospederías en el litoral del reino de Granada: Los mesones de Motril en el Catastro de Ensenada
Authors: Ruiz Álvarez Raúl 
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo hemos realizado un mapa de las hospederías del litoral del reino de Granada, desde Estepona hasta Vera, partiendo de los datos que nos aporta el Catastro del marqués de la Ensenada. Históricamente, el comercio por el litoral se ha realizado por mar, lo que no significa que no existiese una red de caminos y veredas, si bien este aspecto no ha recibido especial atención hasta el momento. Esta investigación no solo nos ha permitido recabar datos de interés sobre la localización y la propiedad de estos servicios para comprender su papel en el conjunto del reino de Granada, sino que además, hemos estudiado pormenorizadamente los mesones de Motril, indagando en las actas capitulares del concejo o en la documentación del Archivo Histórico de la Nobleza, entre otros, cuestiones sobre su estructura, el capital fiscal de sus propietarios, la legislación local o las personas que ejercían el oficio de mesoneros y sus familias.
La trascendencia del linaje: los embajadores de la república de Venecia en Madrid durante el reinado de Felipe IV (1621-1665)
Authors: Quiles Albero David 
Published: March 2021

En el presente ensayo pretendemos ahondar en el origen y carrera política de los embajadores venecianos en la corte española durante el reinado de Felipe IV, así como delimitar qué elementos fueron esenciales de cara a su elección como legados de la Serenissima. Con vistas a ello, es preciso señalar que, en lo tocante a los procesos electorales, la ley veneciana era sumamente estricta, buscando limitar la presencia de miembros de una misma casa en las distintas embajadas o mermar en las votaciones el peso de las relaciones no institucionales, las cuales eran consideradas corrupción. Antes bien, en las próximas páginas trataremos de poner de manifiesto la ineficacia de estos mecanismos a la hora de minimizar la influencia de los intereses personales y familiares de cara a la obtención de tan importantes cargos de representación.
Cambios sociodemográficos durante la Guerra Civil española en el municipio de Benagalbón. Un análisis de fuentes primarias
Authors: Gómez Villegas Inmaculada , García España Francisco 
Published: March 2021

La Guerra Civil tuvo un intenso impacto sobre el conjunto de la sociedad española y afectó a aspectos profundos de la vida cotidiana de la población general. En el presente artículo se describen los cambios socio demográficos que se produjeron durante el transcurso de la Guerra Civil en el municipio de Benagalbón (Málaga), mediante triangulación y comparación de los datos de los padrones municipales de los años 1935 y 1940 con análisis de contenido de fuentes orales locales.
Los resultados muestran que en un municipio de 5.555 habitantes en 1935 se había producido en 1940 un incremento demográfico del 2,9 % con aumento del analfabetismo y del empleo precario y cambios en la estructura de propiedad, acompañado de pérdida del 32,7 % de la población que las fuentes orales relacionan con la huida masiva hacia Almería en 1937, ante el avance de las tropas rebeldes.
Multiple meningiomas arising within the same hemisphere associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome
Authors: Hong Christopher S. , Erson-Omay E. Zeynep , Moliterno Jennifer 
Published: March 2021

Background:While meningiomas are some of the most common intracranial tumors, the presence of multiple ones at the time of presentation is rare and can most commonly be observed in patients with well-described syndromes (i.e., neurofibromatosis type 2) or those with prior cranial radiation history. In others, however, the pathophysiology remains unclear.Case Description:A 49-year-old female with no significant personal or familial oncologic medical history presented with a generalized seizure and was found to have ten meningiomas arising within the right hemisphere. She underwent a two-staged resection of all tumors, with pathology revealing the World Health Organization Grade I meningioma. Whole-exome sequencing revealed somaticNF2mutations and heterozygous deletion of chromosome 22 overlapping withNF2, and analysis of the germline uncovered mutations ofTP53, rendering a diagnosis of Li-Fraumeni Syndrome.Conclusions:This case represents a novel presentation of multiple meningiomas in a patient with newly diagnosed Li-Fraumeni syndrome, suggesting meningioma may be considered as part of this tumor-predisposed patient population.
Ventriculostomy supply cart decreases time-to-external ventricular drain placement in the emergency department
Authors: Chang Henry , Silva Michael , Giner Alexander , Diaz Yvonne , Sosa Marie Ann , Knudsen Grace , Mahavadi Anil K. , Ellis June , Cameron Arlene , Núñez Carlos Andrei Quirós , Wynter Millicent A. , O’Phelan Kristine , Komotar Ricardo J. , Cajigas Iahn 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Minimizing time-to-external ventricular drain (EVD) placement in the emergency department (ED) is critical. We sought to understand factors affecting time-to-EVD placement through a quality improvement initiative.

Methods:
The use of process mapping, root cause analyses, and interviews with staff revealed decentralized supply storage as a major contributor to delays in EVD placement. We developed an EVD “crash cart” as a potential solution to this problem. Time-to-EVD placement was tracked prospectively using time stamps in the electronic medical record (EMR); precart control patients were reviewed retrospectively.

Results:
The final cohorts consisted of 33 precart and 18 postcart cases. The mean time-to-EVD in the precart group was 99.09 min compared to 71.88 min in the postcart group (two-tailed t-test, P = 0.023). Median time-to-EVD was 92 min in the precart group compared to 64 min in the postcart group (rank sum test, P = 0.0165). Postcart patients trended toward improved outcomes with lower modified Rankin score scores at 1 year, but this did not reach statistical significance (two-tailed t-test, P = 0.177).

Conclusion:
An EVD “crash cart” is a simple intervention that can significantly reduce time-to-EVD placement and may improve outcomes in patients requiring an EVD.