bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cuticular hydrocarbon profile for queen recognition in the termite Reticulitermes speratus
Authors: Mitaka Yuki , Fujita Tadahide 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chemical communication underlies the sophisticated colony organization of social insects. In these insects, cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) play central roles in nestmate, task, and caste recognition, which contribute to maintenance of the social and reproductive division of labor. Queen-specific CHCs reflect queen fertility status and function as a queen recognition pheromone, triggering aggregation responses around the queens. However, there are only a few studies about the royal recognition mechanism in termites, and particularly, no study has reported about queen-specific CHCs in the species using asexual queen succession (AQS) system, in which the primary queen is replaced by neotenic queens produced parthenogenetically. In this study, we identified the CHC pheromone for neotenic queen recognition in the AQS termite species Reticulitermes speratus. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed that the relative amount of n-pentacosane was disproportionately greater in the CHC profiles of queens than in the CHC profiles of kings, soldiers, and workers. Furthermore, we investigated the cuticular chemicals of the queen aggregate workers; bioassays demonstrated that n-pentacosane shows a worker arrestant activity in the presence of workers’ cuticular extract. These results suggest that R. speratus workers identify whether each individual is a neotenic queen by recognizing the relatively higher ratio of n-pentacosane in the conspecific CHC background. Moreover, they suggest that termites have evolved queen recognition behavior, independently of social hymenopterans.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of medical students towards COVID19 in Sudan, 2020: A cross sectional study among 19 universities
Authors: Alhusseini Radi Tofaha , Abdoalgadir Mohammed Alfatih , Ahmed Khabab Abbasher Hussien Mohamed , Mohamed Rua Isameldin Bakhiet , Abdalla Monzer Omer Ahmed , muhmmed Khadija ala  Abdalmaqsud , Taha Osama Mohammed Nowar , Yousef Yaman Shurki Adel Husni , Alrufai Rawan Raad Hassan , ALAMIN AHMED EMADALDEEN AHMED MOHAMMED , Musa Muzamil Musa Mohamed , abdallah Saida abdallah mohammed taha , MOHAMMED MOHAMMED MAHMMOUD FADEL ALLAH , Kharif Basaier Mohammed Alamaldeen , Idris Areej Imad Aldeen Mohamed , Idris Sara Mohamed Abdalla , Mohamed Mohamed Ahmed Abugibba , Gurashi Malaz Salah Osman , Mohammed Mohammed Alfateh omer , Ahmed Ahmed Bukhari Mohamed , Nasr Isra Mohamed Hassan , saeed Abdlrhman saeed mohammed , ElSayed Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Since December 2019, an outbreak of severe respiratory infection (COVID-19) emerged in the city of Wuhan in China. It quickly spread around the world and is now a pandemic of epic proportions. Medical students are the future generation of doctors who will have to face this and any future similar catastrophe. The knowledge, awareness and practice of medical students toward Covid19 pandemic is of most importance as it demonstrates their preparedness to deal with this pandemic.Objective: To assess the knowledge, awareness and practice of medical students in 19 universities in Sudan about COVID 19.Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study done in 19 universities which have medical schools in Sudan. Data from at least 100 medical students from each university was included in the study. Data was collected using an online questionnaire in April 2020.Results: 2603 medical students from 19 universities were included. Overall good knowledge and practice were demonstrated by the medical students (88.9%) and (78.6%), respectively. Respondents answered that the most common clinical symptoms of COVID-19 were fever (51.9%), dry cough (40.5%). The main combination of clinical symptoms was dry cough, fatigue and fever in (27.7%), and the first initial symptom was headache (48.4%.).(60.2%) wear medical masks, (94.9%) said that avoiding crowded places protects against the spread of Covid19. (50.9%) have confidence that Sudan can win the battle against the COVID-19 with (48.6%) amongst males and (52.2%) amongst females. 69.0% agreed that COVID-19 will finally be successfully controlled.Conclusion: This study showed that medical students in Sudan demonstrated excellent Knowledge and good practice toward Covid19.Recommendations: Although the results were very positive, further education and awareness should be carried out to increase the preparedness of medical students towards such pandemics and public health modules should also focus more on the importance of the knowledge of newly emerging diseases and the practices toward them.
Machine Learning Classification Algorithms for Systematic Analysis to Understand Learners Drop out of MOOCs courses
Authors: Rawat Seema , Kumar Deepak , Khattri Chhaya , Kumar Praveen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The increasing popularity of massively online open courses (MOOCs) has been attracting a lot of learners. Despite the popularity, it has been observed that there is a significant percentage of learners who discontinue courses and drop out of the platform. This is a problem that most of the MOOC courses face. The dropout probability of any student depends on his/her interaction with the platform, and the features of the course in which the student has enrolled. The research work is intended to study and analyze the dropout behavior of the students in online learning with identification of the reasons and to understand their impact. The current research accounts for the activity log of learners of 13 different online courses offered by Harvard and MIT during 2012 to 2013. The work examines the attributes which affects the student dropout rate. The research can be useful in improving the existing features of the MOOC courses and content to ensure persistence turnout of their learners.
Respiratory tactics during cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery
Authors: Kirillov A. Yu. , Yavorovskiy A. G. , Vyzhigina M. A. , Komarov R. N. , Nogtev P. V. , Bagdasarov P. S. , Khalikova E. Yu. , Yavorovskaya D. A. , No I. I. 
Published: May 2021

An important place in the structure of the causes of postoperative respiratory failure in cardiac surgery is occupied by atelectasis of the lung tissue, which is formed during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The incidence of this complication makes 54–92%.The objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of various respiratory support techniques during CPB.Subjects and methods. 60 patients were randomly included in the study. CPAP Group (positive airway pressure +5 cm H2O) and VC Group (lung ventilation during CPB with parameters: tidal volume 3 ml/kg, respiratory rate 6/min, positive end-expiratory pressure +5 cm H2O).Results. The oxygenation index in VC Group was higher than in CPAP Group at the stages after the end of CPB (289.6 ± 100.0 in VC Group and 223.1 ± 152.0 in CPAP Group), at the end of surgery (in VC Group 318,7 ± 73.8 and in CPAP Group 275.2 ± 90.0) The frequency of intraoperative (VC 16% and CPAP 43%) and postoperative recruiting lung maneuvers (VC 7% and CPAP 26%) in VC Group was lower versus CPAP Group. The incidence of atelectasis in VC Group (10%) decreased compared to CPAP (36.6%).Conclusion: Low-volume ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass has a more favorable effect on the oxygenating function compared to respiratory support in the CPAP mode.
Comparative evaluation of visceral and renal protection methods during thoracoabdominal aortic repair (Experience of Russian Surgery Research Center named after B.V. Petrovsky)
Authors: Chepurnyak E. Yu. , Belov Yu. V. , Charchyan E. R. , Eremenko A. A. , Lokshin L. S. , Аkselrod B. A. , Dymova O. V. , Zinoviev K. A. , Panov A. V. 
Published: May 2021

The objective: to compare the effectiveness of visceral and renal protection methods during thoracoabdominal aortic (TAA) repair: left atrial-femoral bypass (LAFB) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in conjunction with selective perfusion (SP) of these organs.Subjects: 81 patients who underwent TAA repair were enrolled in retrospective analysis: LAFB was used in 29 patients (Group 1), CPB and SP ‒ in 52 patients (Group 2).Results. In Group 2, there were lower intraoperative blood loss volume (1,500 ml vs 4,200 ml, p < 0.001), significantly lower levels of direct bilirubin, blood creatinine, blood alpha-amylase in postoperative period, significantly shorter duration of hospital stay, ICU stay and duration of mechanical ventilation. Also in this group, there were lower incidence of multiple organ dysfunction (11.5% vs 37.9%, p = 0.005), stroke (0 vs 10.3%, p = 0.043), lower need for requirement (3.8% vs 20.7%, p = 0.022) and mortality (3.8% vs 27.6%, p = 0.003).Conclusion: During TAA repair, CPB in conjunction with selective visceral and renal perfusion is more beneficial for organ protection as compared with LAFB.
Evaluation of the validity of the nSOFA score in newborns with sepsis
Authors: Mironov P. I. , Lekmanov A. U. 
Published: May 2021

The objective of the study is to evaluate the discriminative ability of nSOFA in newborns with sepsis.Subjects: The study was designed as retrospective, observational, and one-center. End points included assessment of the severity as per nSOFA and pSOFA; 28-day survival. 121 patients were enrolled in the study. Microsoft Excel (Graphpad Software, San Diego, California, USA) and MedCalc (v 7.1.0.0; MedCalc Software, Belgium) were used for the analysis.Results. A study of the discriminative power of the scores showed that both assessment systems had a good model quality. However, nSOFA had a statistically more significant (p < 0.05) area under the ROC curve (0.981± 0.014).Conclusion. The high value of the discriminative ability of the nSOFA scale indicates the feasibility of its use in patients with sepsis in neonatal intensive care units
Essential Oils in Experimental Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fernandes Luciana Cristina B. , Costa Ianara Mendonça , Freire Marco Aurelio M. , Lima Francisca Overlânia V. , Neta Francisca Idalina , de Souza Lucena Eudes Euler , Alves Rodrigo Dias , Cavalcanti Jose Rodolfo Lopes P. , Pinheiro Francisco Irochima , de Azevedo Eduardo Pereira , Freitas Carlos Iberê A. , Guzen Fausto Pierdoná 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Neural cells undergo functional or sensory loss due to neurological disorders.
In addition to environmental or genetic factors, oxidative stress is a major contributor to neurodegeneration.
In this context, there has been a growing interest in investigating the effects of EOs (EOs) in recent
years, especially in the treatment of neuropathologies. The chemical and biological effects of EOs have
led to important treatment tools for the management of various neurological disorders.

Objective:
In the present study we performed a systematic review that sought to comprehend the neuroprotective
effects of different EOs.

Method:
This work is a systematic review where an electronic search was performed on PubMed, ScienceDirect,
Cochrane Library and SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) databases, covering
the last 10 years, using “Essential oil” and “Neuroprotective effect” as reference terms.

Results:
A total of 9 articles were identified, in which the efficacy of EOs was described in experimental
models of anxiety, dementia, oxidative stress, cerebral ischemia, Alzheimer’s disease, and oxidative
toxicity.

Conclusion:
EOs from different species of medicinal plants have shown positive responses in neurological
disorders such as anxiety, dementia, oxidative stress, cerebral ischemia, and oxidative toxicity.
Thus, EOs emerges with the potential to be used as alternative agents in the treatment of neurological
disorders.
Uncoupling Protein 2 as a Pathogenic Determinant and Therapeutic
Target in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases
Authors: Stanzione Rosita , Forte Maurizio , Cotugno Maria , Bianchi Franca , Marchitti Simona , Busceti Carla Letizia , Fornai Francesco , Rubattu Speranza 
Published: May 2021

:
Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a mitochondrial protein that acts as an anion carrier. It is
involved in the regulation of several processes, including mitochondrial membrane potential, generation
of reactive oxygen species within the inner mitochondrial membrane and calcium homeostasis.
UCP2 expression can be regulated at different levels: genetic (gene variants), transcriptional [by
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and microRNAs], and post-translational. Experimental
evidence indicates that activation of UCP2 expression through the AMPK/PPAR-α axis
exerts a protective effect toward renal damage and stroke occurrence in an animal model of ischemic
stroke (IS) associated with hypertension. UCP2 plays a key role in heart diseases (myocardial
infarction and cardiac hypertrophy) and metabolic disorders (obesity and diabetes). In humans,
UCP2 genetic variants (-866G/A and Ala55Val) associate with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes
mellitus and IS development. Over the last few years, many agents that modulate UCP2 expression
have been identified. Some of them are natural compounds of plant origin, such as Brassica
oleracea, curcumin, berberine and resveratrol. Other molecules, currently used in clinical practice,
include anti-diabetic (gliptin) and chemotherapeutic (doxorubicin and taxol) drugs. This evidence
highlights the relevant role of UCP2 for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, which affect the
national health systems of Western countries. We will review current knowledge on the physiological
and pathological implications of UCP2 with particular regard to cardiovascular and metabolic
disorders and will focus on the available therapeutic approaches affecting UCP2 level for the treatment
of human diseases.
Brucellosis Serostatus Among Pregnant Women with Spontaneous Abortion
and Stillbirth
Authors: Alavi Ezatollah Rafiei , Alavi Niloofar Rafiei , Alavi Romina Rafiei , Farokhi Ermia 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Brucellosis in pregnancy is associated with severe outcomes ranging from
abortion to neonatal development problems.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to evaluate the seroprevalence of brucellosis antibodies among
pregnant women presented with spontaneous abortion and stillbirth.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, 80 cases (stillbirth or spontaneous abortion) and 80 healthy
pregnant women were serologically examined for brucellosis antibodies using Coombs, Wright and
2-mercaptoethanol (2ME) brucella agglutination tests. The questionnaire consisting of the following
data was prepared for all the participants: gestational age, age, history of abortion, parity,
source of dairy consumption, contact with livestock, urban or rural living setup, serological outcomes
and education levels.

Results:
The two groups were not significantly different in terms of the brucellosis test. Patients in
the case group with and without infection were not significant in terms of contact with livestock,
place of residence, dairy consumption, and history of abortion. However, education level was significantly
different in the two, seropositive and seronegative, groups.

Conclusion:
Our study did not find a significant number of seropositive brucellosis cases associated
with stillbirth and spontaneous abortion. Further studies with greater samples are therefore recommended.
COVID-19 ve Pankreas
Authors: Gümüştekin Reyhan , Ergani Anna Carina , Gümüş Meltem , Emiroğlu Halil Haldun 
Published: May 2021

Coronavirüs Hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19) pandemisi, Aralık 2019’da bilinmeyen kökenli bir pnömoni salgını ile başladı. SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonunda öksürük, nefes darlığı ve ateş gibi klasik pnömoni semptomlarının yanı sıra; ishal, bulantı, kusma ve karın ağrısı gibi mide-bağırsak semptomları da mevcut olabilir. Bununla birlikte, son çalışmalar, pankreas dahil diğer organ tutulumlarını bildiren COVİD-19 hastalarının sayısının arttığını göstermiştir. Virüslerin çocuklarda pankreatit nedeni olduğu bilinmesine rağmen, SARS-CoV-2 virüsüyle ilişkili akut pankreatit tanımlanmaya yeni başlanmış olup bu konudaki güncel veriler sınırlı ve prevalansı ve patogenezi hakkında çok az şey bilinmektedir. Bu derlemede SARS-CoV-2 enfeksiyonu sırasında pankreas tutulumu konusundaki en son literatür bilgileri incelenecektir.
Türkiye’de Anne/Baba-Bebek Bağlanmasını Belirlemeye Yönelik Kullanılan Ölçekleri İnceleme
Authors: Çataloluk Ayşe , Kahraman Ayşenur , Alparslan Özgür 
Published: May 2021

Amaç: Bu araştırmada Türkiye’de anne- bebek ve baba-bebek bağlanmasıyla ilgili kullanılan ölçeklerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma retrospektif ve tanımlayıcı olarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırma evrenini 2000-2020 yılları arasında yayınlanan, anne/baba ve bebek bağlanmasını ölçmek için Türk kültürüne uyarlanan veya geliştirilen ölçek çalışmaları oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise ULAKBİM-TR, Google Akademik ve Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi Veri Tabanından ulaşılan ölçekler oluşturmuştur (n=15). Ulaşılan 15 ölçekten 4 tanesinin farklı araştırmacılarca farklı zamanlarda kültürümüze tekrar uyarlandığı belirlenmiş ve bu nedenle 11 ölçek üzerinden değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin değerlendirmesi içerik analizi yöntemiyle yapılmıştır. Verilerin frekans ve yüzde dağılımları istatistik programı ile yapılmıştır.Bulgular: Ölçeklerin %63,7’si doğum öncesi, %36,3’ü doğum sonrası dönemde kullanılmakta olup, %81,8’i uyarlanmış, %18,2’si geliştirilmiştir. Sonuç: İncelenen tüm ölçeklerin anne/baba-bebek bağlanmasını ölçmede ve bu alanda çalışan sağlık profesyonellerinin bağlanmayla ilgili sorunları erken belirlemede kullanılabileceği söylenebilir.
The Uptake and Use of Telemonitoring in Chronic Care Between 2014 and 2019: Nationwide Survey Among Patients and Health Care Professionals in the Netherlands
Authors: Huygens Martine W J , Voogdt-Pruis Helene R , Wouters Myrah , Meurs Maaike M , van Lettow Britt , Kleijweg Conchita , Friele Roland D 
Published: May 2021

Background
Telemonitoring could offer solutions to the mounting challenges for health care and could improve patient self-management. Studies have addressed the benefits and challenges of telemonitoring for certain patient groups.

Objective
This paper will examine the nationwide uptake of telemonitoring in chronic care in the Netherlands from 2014 to 2019 by means of an annual representative survey among patients and health care professionals.

Methods
Between 2014 and 2019, approximately 2900 patients with chronic diseases, 700 nurses, and 500 general practitioners (GPs) and medical specialists received a questionnaire. About 30 questions addressed topics about the use of eHealth and experiences with it, including data about telemonitoring.

Results
Between 2014 and 2019, the use of telemonitoring remained stable for all groups except medical specialists. In medical specialist departments, the use of telemonitoring increased from 11.2% (18/161) in 2014 to 19.6% (36/184) in 2019 (χ24=12.3; P=.02). In 2019, telemonitoring was used by 5.8% (28/485) of people with chronic disease. This was 18.2% (41/225) in GP organizations and 40.4% (44/109), 38.0% (78/205), and 8.9% (29/325) in the organizations of nurses working in primary, secondary, and elderly care, respectively. Up to 10% of the targeted patient group such as diabetics were regarded by health care professionals as suitable for using telemonitoring. The main benefits mentioned by the patients were “comfort” (421/1043, 40.4%) and “living at home for longer/more comfortably” (334/1047, 31.9%). Health care professionals added “improvement of self-management” (63/176, 35.8% to 57/71, 80.3%), “better understanding of the patient’s condition” (47/176, 26.7% to 42/71, 59.2%), “reduction of workload” (53/134, 39.6% of nurses in elderly care), “better tailoring of care plan to the patient’s situation” (95/225, 42.2% of GPs), and “saves time for patients/caregivers” (61/176, 34.7% of medical specialists). Disadvantages mentioned by professionals were that “it takes time to monitor data” (13/130, 10% to 108/225, 48.0%), “it takes time to follow up alerts” (15/130, 11.5% to 117/225, 52.0%), and “it is difficult to estimate which patients can work with telemonitoring” (22/113, 19.5% to 94/225, 41.8%).

Conclusions
The uptake of telemonitoring in Dutch chronic care remained stable during 2014-2019 but increased among medical specialists. According to both patients and professionals, telemonitoring improves the quality of life and quality of care. Skills for suitably including eligible patients and for allocating the tasks of data monitoring and follow-up care within the team would help to further increase the use of telemonitoring.
The Roles of Social Comparison Orientation and Regulatory Focus in College Students’ Responses to Fitspiration Posts on Social Media: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Pasko Kristen , Arigo Danielle 
Published: May 2021

Background
Information shared via social media influences college students’ self-perceptions and behavior, particularly, “fitspiration” posts (ie, images of healthy food, people exercising, or fitness quotations). There are mixed findings regarding the mental health implications of fitspiration and its potential to motivate healthy behavior. Individual differences such as social comparison orientation and regulatory focus could aid in determining for whom fitspiration may be helpful versus harmful, though these characteristics have received limited attention in terms of students’ fitspiration perceptions.

Objective
This cross-sectional study examined associations between students’ fitspiration use (ie, intentional versus unintentional exposure while using social media), response tendencies (ie, feelings about the self and motivation to be physically active), social comparison orientation, and regulatory focus.

Methods
College students (N=344; 239/344, 69.5% women) completed an electronic survey in which they self-reported demographic information, the frequency of their social media use, exposure to fitspiration posts, typical feelings in response to fitspiration posts, and typical motivation for physical activity after viewing fitspiration posts. They also completed validated self-report measures of social comparison orientation and regulatory focus.

Results
College students reported frequent exposure to fitspiration posts on social media and that they experienced negative feelings in response to these posts more often than positive feelings. Average motivation for physical activity was rated as feeling motivated “some of the time.” However, students who reported more negative feelings after viewing fitspiration also reported greater motivation to be physically active after exposure. Associations between the frequency of intentional fitspiration use and motivation for physical activity after viewing fitspiration posts were moderated by social comparison orientation (b=−0.01, P=.03) but not by regulatory focus (b=−0.002, P=.67).

Conclusions
Negative feelings about the self may be motivating for students with weak social comparison orientation, as fitspiration may highlight a discrepancy between one’s real and ideal self that does not prompt dejection or disengagement. However, negative feelings for prevention-focused students might not be as motivating because there are no salient negative models to avoid. Further research into these associations is warranted and could inform future efforts to promote student health and well-being during college.