bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unlocking the power of big data within the early design phase of the new product development process
Authors: Ali Haytham B. , Helgesen Fredrik H. , Falk Kristin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigates how to exploit big data to increase knowledge in the early design phase within new product development through an industrial application. There are limited research and a scarcity of empirical studies that show the use of big data within new product development in manufacturing industries. Shorter design cycle demand, rapid decision‐making, and the need for data‐driven methodology are evident. An increase of knowledge through big data analytics, closing the loop with a knowledge base, has become a critical success criterion within the various industries.This paper reviews the state‐of‐the‐art in academic literature and investigates a case company. The case uncovered a gap of limited feedback into the early design phase. We developed a generic agile approach to extract value through analyzing big data. To fill in the identified gap, we tested our approach on a sample of big data, including both internal and external user data. Positive feedback from a survey complemented by interviews indicates that our method can aid decision‐making within the early design phase by acquiring a more data‐driven methodology.
Application of A3 Architecture Overviews in Subsea Front‐End Engineering Studies: A Case Study
Authors: Haugland Remi , Engen Siv 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis research investigates the application of A3 Architecture Overviews (A3AOs) in subsea front‐end engineering studies. A3AO is a valuable method to support multi‐disciplinary communication and share architectural knowledge in complex engineering domains. The method captures key information of an overall system and displays the system overview in a standard A3 format. In this paper, we investigate the beneficial impact a global subsea supplier can gain by applying A3AO as part of their concept evaluation process in the early phase study. Through interviews and a survey, we identified company's main challenges in concept evaluation of tie‐in and connection system. We then applied the A3AO method to investigate its mitigating effect in early phase concept evaluation. We found that the company resources found the A3AO to provide a holistic system overview and support knowledge sharing. Overall, our research supports the use of A3AO as a method to promote common understanding.
Verification and Validation of SysML Models
Authors: Hecht Myron , Chen Jaron 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModel Based Systems Engineering depends on correct models. However, thus far, relatively little attention has been paid to ensuring their correctness. This paper describes a methodology for performing verification and validation on models written in SysML. The methodology relies on a catalog of candidate requirements that can be tailored for a specific project. Both manual and automated methods are used to verify and validate these requirements. Manual methods are necessary where knowledge of the domain and other extrinsic characteristics are necessary. Automated methods can be used where the requirements cover the use of SysML. Examples from a public domain SysML model of a satellite are presented to demonstrate application of automated requirements verification.
Developing a Model Based Systems Engineering Architecture for Defense Wearable Technology
Authors: Sarathi Tara , Cyr Jillian , DeLaura Rich , Balcius James , Collins Paula , Shatz Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe rapid advancement of commercial wearable sensing technologies provides an unprecedented opportunity to gather information that improves warfighter performance during military activities and to detect the onset of illness (such as COVID‐19) through surveillance. However, the promise of improved performance and illness prevention through these technologies remains unfulfilled because of the complexity of guaranteeing that technology development outside of the standard military acquisition cycle will meet military requirements. The key to meeting this challenge is to facilitate coordination among R&D efforts, commercially developed products, and military acquisition strategies. To address this, we developed an MBSE architecture and methodology for validating independently developed wearable system designs against military end‐user needs. This methodology includes developing a conceptual framework, a model library, and a capability needs matrix that maps defense mission characteristics to physiological states and product design implementations. This architecture allows military stakeholders to determine where capability gaps or opportunities for wider application of commercial technologies exist, thus providing a bridge between externally developed wearable sensing technologies and military acquisition strategies.
Challenges in Detecting Emergent Behavior in System Testing
Authors: Kjeldaas Kent Aleksander , Haugen Rune André , Syverud Elisabet 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSystem integration testing in the defense and aerospace industry is becoming increasingly complex. The long lifetime of the system drives the need for sub‐system modifications throughout the system life cycle. The manufacturer must verify that these modifications do not negatively affect the system's behavior. Hence, an extensive test regime is required to ensure reliability and robustness of the system. System behaviors that emerge from the interaction of sub‐systems can be difficult to pre‐define and capture in a test setup using acceptance criteria. Typical challenges with current test practice include late detection of unwanted system behavior, high cost of repetitive manual processes, and risk of release delays because of late error detection.This paper reviews the state of practice at a case company in the defense and aerospace industry. We use an industry‐as‐laboratory approach to explore the situation in the company. The research identifies the challenges and attempts to quantify the potential gain from improving the current practice. We find that the current dependency on manual analysis generates resources ‐and scheduling constraints and communication issues that hinder efficient detection of system emergent behavior. We explore two approaches to automate anomaly detection of system behavior from test data. The first approach looks at anomaly detection in a top‐down approach to give an indication of the system integrity. The second approach uses anomaly detection on system parts, resulting in the ability to localize the root causes. The work lays the foundation for further research of automated anomaly detection in system testing.
A State‐of‐Practice Survey of the Automotive and Space Industry Product Development Strategies
Authors: Moore James “Tony” , Adams Jim , Sega Ronald M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractProduct Development is a process employed by all industries to support creating new opportunities. The approach to product development by the automotive industry is vastly different than the space industry. As disruptive technologies flow into the market, the space industry is in the midst of an evolutionary change. The methods of design, management and architecture are the topics reviewed in this work. From the background of the methods the analysis of each of these industries suggest that there may be an opportunity for further review. As the space industry continues to push into a new frontier of lower cost and quicker turnaround solutions, there can be great benefits to employing parts of the methods honed by the automotive industry. The possibilities of gaining knowledge from the automotive industry could in the future lead toward advancements in product development management and product development architecture methods that could continue fueling the evolutionary changes in the space industry.
Model of Models Methodology: Reuse Your Architectural Data
Authors: Jackson Aleczander , Palmer Barrion , Cobb Daniel , McCreless Joseph 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne of the primary and underutilized benefits of Model Based Systems Engineering is reuse. Most users of Model Based Systems Engineering lack the understanding of the process involved to develop a project tree that enables use of projects in other projects to facilitate that multi‐dimensional reuse. Although the benefits speak for themselves, few practitioners fully grasp the modeling techniques and rigor necessary to facilitate a model that is fully traced, modular, and reusable. The Model of Models Methodology satisfies these needs, accomplishing the Digital Engineering needs on the project as well as enabling significant time and cost savings.
Overview of the Revised Standard on Architecture Description – ISO/IEC 42010
Authors: Martin James N 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn updated version of the international standard for Architecture Description is expected to be published in 2021 as the new version of ISO/IEC/IEEE 42010. This paper provides an overview of the key concepts defined by this standard and the rationale for them. In particular, it describes the key new concepts such as aspects and perspectives that were incorporated to bring this into alignment with current architecting and MBSE practices. These concepts are used as the basis for architecture description templates and guidelines contained in methodology documents and in architecture modeling tools.
Individual forecaster perceptions of the persistence of shocks to GDP
Authors: Clements Michael P. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryWe analyse individual professional forecasters' beliefs concerning the persistence of GDP shocks. Despite substantial apparent heterogeneity in perceptions, with around one half of the sample of professional forecasters believing shocks do not have permanent effects, we show that these apparent differences may be largely due to short samples and survey respondents being active at different times. When we control for these effects, using a bootstrap, we formally do not reject the null that individuals' long‐horizon expectations are interchangeable at a given point in time. When we apply the same bootstrap approach to their medium‐term expectations, we do reject the null. We explore this difference between long and medium‐horizon forecasts by decomposing revisions in forecasts into permanent and transitory components.
Osteoblast-Specific Wnt Secretion Is Required for Skeletal Homeostasis and Loading-Induced Bone Formation in Adult Mice
Authors: Lawson Lisa Y. , Brodt Michael D. , Migotsky Nicole , Chermside-Scabbo Christopher J. , Palaniappan Ramya , Silva Matthew J. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Wnt signaling is critical to many aspects of skeletal regulation, but the importance of Wnt ligands in the bone anabolic response to mechanical loading is not well established. Recent transcriptome profiling studies by our laboratory and others show that mechanical loading potently induces genes encoding Wnt ligands, including Wnt1 and Wnt7b. Based on these findings, we hypothesized that mechanical loading stimulates adult bone formation by inducing Wnt ligand expression. To test this hypothesis, we inhibited Wnt ligand secretion in adult (5 months old) mice using a systemic (drug) and a bone-targeted (conditional gene knockout) approach, and subjected them to axial tibial loading to induce lamellar bone formation. Mice treated with the Wnt secretion inhibitor WNT974 exhibited a decrease in bone formation in non-loaded bones as well as a 54% decline in the periosteal bone formation response to tibial loading. Next, osteoblast-specific Wnt secretion was inhibited by dosing 5-month-old Osx-CreERT2; WlsF/F mice with tamoxifen. Within 1 to 2 weeks of Wls deletion, skeletal homeostasis was altered with decreased bone formation and increased resorption, and the anabolic response to loading was reduced 65% compared to control (WlsF/F). Together, these findings show that Wnt ligand secretion is required for adult bone homeostasis, and furthermore establish a role for osteoblast-derived Wnts in mediating the bone anabolic response to tibial loading. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Effects of different surfactants on the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by mixed‐bacteria
Authors: Cui Jia‐Qi , Li Ya‐Qi , He Qing‐Sheng , Li Bing‐Zhi , Yuan Ying‐Jin , Wen Jian‐Ping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSurfactant‐enhanced remediation (SER) has been widely applied to remove petroleum hydrocarbon (PH) pollutants, but there are few studies on the mechanism through which surfactants affect the hydrocarbon metabolite ability of microorganism.RESULTSIn this work, combination bacteria and surfactant were selected to remove PH, and the degradation bottleneck concentration of single‐bacteria was 10 g L–1 according to the PH degradation rate. However, the degradation efficient of mixed‐bacteria was further increased after adding surfactants. Among them, the PH degradation rate of Kocuria rosea + Bacillus odyssey and Microbacterium. sp + B. odyssey at the bottleneck concentration had been respectively reached to 81.58 ± 6.29% with tween‐80 and 88.35 ± 7.58% with rhamnolipid. Compared with no surfactant, the relative abundance of global overmaps, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism was increased in adding tween‐80 condition. However, when rhamnolipid was added, the relative abundance of ABC transporters, two‐component system, and bacteria chemotaxis was clearly increased, indicating an improvement of transportation, absorption, and degradation of PH. Additionally, the gene abundance of alkB and nah was also significantly increased with above condition. Meanwhile, the gene abundance of alkB and nah was also significantly enhanced by above condition.CONCLUSIONThis study offers new insights into the functional changes of mixed‐bacteria during PH degradation in different surfactant‐enhanced systems. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Phosphorus sources, forms, and abundance as a function of streamflow and field conditions in a Maumee River tributary, 2016–2019
Authors: Williamson Tanja N. , Dobrowolski Edward G. , Kreiling Rebecca M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTotal phosphorus (TP), dissolved P (DP), and suspended sediment (SS) were sampled in Black Creek, Indiana, monthly during base flow and for 100 storm events during water years 2016–2019, enabling analysis of how each of these varied as a function of streamflow and field conditions at nested edge‐of‐field sites. Particulate P was normalized for SS (PSS = [TP − DP]/SS). Streamflow events were differentiated by maximum TP concentrations co‐occurring with maximum SS (SED) or DP (SOL). The combination of new precipitation and high antecedent soil‐water storage during months when fields were exposed coincided with higher streamflow that drove SED events. These SED events carried more SS, including sediment eroded from streambanks that added sediment P but also may have provided for sorption of DP. During SOL events, DP was higher and contributed approximately half of TP; SS was lower. These SOL events had higher PSS, more similar to that in base flow as well as composited samples of overland flow and tile‐drain discharge from fields. Base‐flow samples had significantly higher PSS concentrations than most event samples, with ≤25 times enrichment relative to soil P concentrations in fine‐grained source material. Combining base‐flow and event samples showed that PSS integrates SS, DP, and streamflow. Addition of new suspended sediment during events may provide for sorption of DP during and after events and storage in the system, delaying delivery of this P to Lake Erie relative to what would be expected for the dissolved form but adding to the legacy P stored in the stream system.
Fibromyalgia and periodontitis: Bidirectional associations in population‐based 15‐year retrospective cohorts
Authors: Ma Kevin Sheng‐Kai , Lai Jung‐Nien , Veeravalli John Jims , Chiu Lu‐Ting , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Wei James Cheng‐Chung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo determine the bidirectional link between periodontitis and fibromyalgia.MethodsIn this cohort study, 196,428 periodontitis patients and 196,428 propensity score‐matched non‐periodontitis controls were enrolled. A Cox proportional hazard model was utilized to estimate the risk of fibromyalgia and survival analysis was adopted to assess the time‐dependent effect of periodontitis on fibromyalgia. Subgroup analyses stratified by age, sex, and tracking period were conducted to identify susceptible populations. A parallel and symmetrical cohort that recruited 141,439 fibromyalgia patients and 141,439 propensity score‐matched non‐fibromyalgia controls ascertained the inverse effect of fibromyalgia on incident periodontitis.ResultsPatients with periodontitis were more likely to develop fibromyalgia than non‐periodontitis controls (HR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.39–1.44, P < 0.001), which persisted in the survival analysis (log‐rank test P < 0.0001). This effect was significant in both sexes and all age subgroups, and was particularly evident in males (HR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.48–1.56, P < 0.001) and younger periodontitis patients (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.50‐1.60, P < 0.001). Fibromyalgia patients who never had periodontitis presented with greater risk for periodontitis over time (HR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.40 – 1.45, P < 0.001; log‐rank test P < 0.0001).ConclusionsPatients of both sexes and all age subgroups with periodontitis presented with a greater risk of fibromyalgia. Subgroups that were the most susceptible to periodontitis‐associated fibromyalgia were periodontitis patients that were males and below 30 years old. Risks of periodontitis were also greater in fibromyalgia patients who never had periodontitis.
Synergistic antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy and chitosan on the titanium‐adherent biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An in vitro study
Authors: Camacho‐Alonso Fabio , Salinas Jesús , Sánchez‐Siles Mariano , Pato‐Mourelo Jesús , Cotrina‐Veizaga Brian Davis , Ortega Nieves 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo date, no studies on the combined use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chitosan against peri‐implantitis have been published. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible synergistic antimicrobial effect of PDT and chitosan on the titanium‐adherent biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.MethodsA total of 60 titanium discs were included in this study. The discs were randomized into three bacterial contaminations (n = 20 discs per bacterium). After being cultured (incubated for 48 hours) they were randomized again into four different disinfection modalities (n = 5 discs per treatment): control (without treatment), PDT, chitosan 3 mg/mL, and PDT + chitosan 3 mg/mL. After the treatments, the colony forming units (CFU) were measured to determine antimicrobial effects, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to study cell morphology and titanium adherence.ResultsFor all the evaluated bacteria and all the variables studied the order from highest to lowest antimicrobial effectiveness was: PDT + chitosan 3 mg/mL > chitosan 3 mg/mL > PDT > control. Although, all disinfection methods were significantly effective when compared to control, the combined treatment of PDT + chitosan 3 mg/mL had the greatest antimicrobial effect against the three studied bacteria.ConclusionsThe combination of PDT and chitosan has a synergistic antimicrobial effect against the bacteria S. aureus, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, all closely related to peri‐implantitis. However, further in vivo studies are needed because this study provides data based on an in vitro scenario that might not be extrapolated to patients with peri‐implantitis.
Neutrophil to apolipoprotein A‐I ratio as an independent indicator of locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Li Jing , Wu Yan‐Ling , Li Wen‐Fei , Ma Jun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeTo explore the peripheral blood cells (neutrophil/monocyte/lymphocyte/platelet) to apolipoprotein AI or high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol ratio (NAR, MAR, LAR, PAR, NHR, MHR, LHR, and PHR) as independent prognostic indicators for stage III nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Patients and methodsBetween 2009 and 2014, 562 patients diagnosed with stage III NPC who were treated with a concomitant chemotherapy and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy with cumulative cisplatin dose ≥200 mg/m2 were included in this retrospective study. Routine blood and biochemical variables and baseline clinical characteristics (T and N stage, age, sex, and induction chemotherapy) were collected. After inserting 19 hematological parameters into a set, we applied the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) algorithm and restricted cubic splines regression to select valuable parameters for predicting 5‐year overall survival (OS). Subsequently, univariate and multivariate survival analyses were used to assess independent indicators of 5‐year OS, distant metastasis survival, regional recurrence‐free survival (RRFS), and disease‐free survival.ResultsNAR, MAR, serum lactated dehydrogenase (LDH), and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐DNA were selected using LASSO regression, and the optimal cut‐off values for NAR, MAR, EBV‐DNA, and, LDH were 4.39, 0.3, 1590 copies/mL, and 218.4 IU/L, respectively. In multivariate survival analysis, higher NAR was associated with both poor 5‐year OS and RRFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.88; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09‐3.25, P = .024; HR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.42‐6.91, P = .005, respectively).ConclusionNAR could be an attractive indicator for evaluating the 5‐year OS in patients with stage III NPC, which is closely related to inflammation and circulating lipid metabolism.Level of Evidence: 4