bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Method comparison for serum protein electrophoretic M‐protein quantification: Agarose gel electrophoresis and capillary zone electrophoresis in canine and feline sera
Authors: Jeffries Christina M. , Harris R Adam , Ashton Laura , Moore A Russell 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundDensitometric quantification of myeloma paraproteins (M‐proteins) is used to monitor secretory myeloma related disorders in humans and dogs. The previous work in dogs used agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) but did not establish if other methods of serum protein electrophoresis, such as capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), were comparable.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine if the densitometric quantification of M‐proteins using CZE would yield results comparable to AGE methods.MethodsFifty‐one serum samples from 22 dogs and 18 cats with confirmed monoclonal gammopathies and previously performed AGE were evaluated using CZE on a Sebia Minicap system. Samples were run in duplicate, and their M‐proteins were densitometrically measured using the corrected perpendicular drop method previously described. Human‐based quality control samples were used to determine the inter‐run coefficient of variation (CV). Patient samples were used to calculate the intra‐run CV. Method comparison was performed using simple linear regression, Passing‐Bablok regression, and Bland‐Altman analyses, and Medx evaluations.ResultsInter‐run and intra‐run CVs for CZE were 3.71%‐7.65% and 2.89%‐4.74%, respectively. Simple linear regression demonstrated an excellent correlation (r > 0.98). Passing‐Bablok regression was compatible with the presence of proportional bias in the entire population, and Bland‐Altman plots revealed a proportional bias in the feline cases. The Medx evaluation suggested that the two methods did not perform similarly in clinical samples with poor performance at a decision limit of 0.5 gm/dL.ConclusionsCapillary zone electrophoresis is an acceptable method for M‐protein densitometric quantification in canine and feline sera but cannot be used interchangeably with AGE‐based evaluations.
Uncertainty Quantification of Time-Dependent Quantities in a System With Adjustable Level of Smoothness
Authors: Legkovskis Marks , Thomas Peter J. , Auinger Michael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We summarize the results of a computational study involved with uncertainty quantification (UQ) in a benchmark turbulent burner flame simulation. UQ analysis of this simulation enables one to analyze the convergence performance of one of the most widely used uncertainty propagation techniques, polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) at varying levels of system smoothness. This is possible because in the burner flame simulations, the smoothness of the time-dependent temperature, which is the study's quantity of interest (QoI), is found to evolve with the flame development state. This analysis is deemed important as it is known that PCE cannot construct an accurate data-fitted surrogate model for nonsmooth QoIs, and thus, estimate statistically convergent QoIs of a model subject to uncertainties. While this restriction is known and gets accounted for, there is no understanding whether there is a quantifiable scaling relationship between the PCE's convergence metrics and the level of QoI's smoothness. It is found that the level of QoI's smoothness can be quantified by its standard deviation allowing to observe its effect on the PCE's convergence performance. It is found that for our flow scenario, there exists a power–law relationship between a comparative parameter, defined to measure the PCE's convergence performance relative to Monte Carlo sampling, and the QoI's standard deviation, which allows us to make a more weighted decision on the choice of the uncertainty propagation technique.
The Analysis of Mechanical Properties and Lightweight Design of Nonmetallic Armored Umbilical Cable
Authors: Deng Yu , Liang Xu , Cao Zeng , Kong Lingpeng , Wang Chizhong , Ruan Yongdu , Zheng Xinlong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Due to the development of gas and oil exploration into the deep sea, the effective tensile capacity provided by armored steel wire will decrease rapidly with the increase of the weight of umbilical cables. In this paper, two designs of lightweight umbilical cables were studied in full consideration of the geometric characteristics, and the mechanical properties were investigated under tension, bending, and torsion. The contact and friction between the components of the umbilical cables were also included in the model. Three cases are presented for validation from theoretical and finite element methods. The discussion on variables was carried out from the views of friction coefficient and helically wound angle. Compared with the steel tube umbilical model, the nonmetallic armored umbilical cable shows higher tensile strength and more flexibility. With the increase of friction coefficient, the stiffness of umbilical cable models don't change much. The helically wound angle has a great influence on the tensile stiffness and bending stiffness but little effect on the torsional rigidity. The proposed lightweight model can be applicable to 6000m water depth. This research can benefit the design of umbilical cables to achieve the goal of high tensile capacity in deepwater applications.
Stagnation Zone Near A Corner In Viscoplastic Fluid Flow
Authors: Letelier Mario F. , Siginer Dennis A. , Stockle Juan S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The shape, size and location of the stagnation zone between flat non-parallel walls that make up the corner of a tube with non-circular cross section through which a phase change material of the Bingham plastic type flows is investigated. We show that the stagnant area is bounded by a convex meniscus whose size depends on the degree of plasticity and the vertex angle. The maximum and minimum energy dissipation occurs at the wall and at the bisectrix, respectively. The stagnant zone can be altogether avoided by modifying the shape of the wall in the corner area. A new design of the cross section of the tube that allows reducing or eliminating this area to optimize the mass transport is developed. Two optimal solutions, a vertex with a straight cut and a concavely curved vertex, are proposed.
Effects of Thin Film Heat Spreader on Hot Spots Mitigation in Heat Sinks
Authors: Reddy Sohail , Dulikravich George S. , Blanchard Ann-Kayana 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The effects of graphene platelets and diamond-based thin film heat spreaders on maximum temperature of integrated electronic circuits were investigated. A fully three-dimensional conjugate heat transfer analysis was performed to investigate the effects of thin film material and thickness on the temperature of a hot spot and temperature uniformity on the heated surface of the integrated circuit when subjected to forced convective cooling. Two different materials, diamond and graphene, were simulated as materials for thin films. The thin film heat spreaders were applied to the top wall of an array of micro pin fins having circular cross sections. The integrated circuit with a 4 × 3 mm footprint featured a 0.5 × 0.5 mm hot spot located on the top wall, which was also exposed to a uniform background heat flux of 500 W cm−2. A hot spot uniform heat flux of magnitude 2000 W cm−2 was centrally situated on the top surface over a small area of 0.5 × 0.5 mm. Both isotropic and anisotropic properties of the thin film heat spreaders made of graphene platelets and diamond were computationally analyzed. The conjugate heat transfer analysis also incorporated thermal contact resistance between the thin film and the silicon substrate. It was found that isotropic thin film heat spreaders significantly reduce the hot spot temperature and increase temperature uniformity, allowing for increased thermal loads. Furthermore, it was found that thickness of the thin film heat spreader does not have to be greater than a few tens of microns.
Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Intermediate Gravity Waves on the Water Evaporation Rate
Authors: Aldarabseh Safa M. , Merati Parviz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A perfectly still water surface is an ideal hypothesis that is rarely encountered in real-world applications. It is impossible to find an open surface of water without any disturbance or waves, as well as an occupied closed water surface, such as a swimming pool. This experiment was done to predict the evaporation rate from the wavy water surface under the different convection regimes (free, forced, and mixed) at turbulent airflow conditions over a wide range of the ratio (Gr/Re2). The evaporation rate from the wavy water surface is strongly affected by combinations between wave steepness and main airflow velocity above the wavy water surface. Experimental results show that no pattern can be followed for which combinations of evaporation rate will increase. Thus, only two facts can be noticed: the evaporation rate is larger than that measured under the same airflow velocity conditions with no waves existing on evaporated water surface because the airflow is smooth and attached along the still water surface and when increasing the wave steepness (H/L,H/T), airflow will separate at the lee side of the wave crest near the bottom of the wave trough. Thus, the vortex will be generated in the airflow separation region. These vortexes are unstable and cause an increase in turbulence, reducing the water surface's resistance to vertical transport water vapor and increasing the evaporation rate. Also, experimental results show that the evaporation rates are somewhat less than that measured under the same airflow velocity with smaller wave steepness due to the air trapped region observed at the leeside of the wave crest near the bottom of the wave trough. Also, the result shows the evaporation rate increases with increased airflow velocity under the same convection regime. The current study implemented the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique to analyze the airflow structure above the evaporated wavy water surface.
Adducts of Lower Fullerenes and Amino Acids: Synthesis, Identification, and Quantum-Mechanical Modeling of Their Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Charykov N. A. , Keskinov V. A. , Petrov A. V. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDifferent ways of synthesizing bis-, tris-, and octakis-adducts of C60and C70lower fullerenes are considered, and their yield and purity are described. The adducts are identified by physicochemical means: elemental analysis, IR, electron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, HPLC, mass spectrometry, and complex thermal analysis. Their physicochemical properties are modeled using computers, density functional theory, and molecular dynamics at the atomic-molecular level.
Evaluation of medication changes following severe COVID-19 infection: a multicentre evaluation
Authors: MacTavish Pamela , McPeake Joanne , Breslin Antoin , Forrest Ruth , Kishore Rakesh , MacGregor Fiona , Oprey Alison , Quasim Tara , Shaw Martin 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundCritically ill patients often experience several transitions of care following critical illness. Research has explored the challenges which patients have with medication management across these transitions. It is unclear whether patients admitted to critical care due to COVID-19 will have similar challenges. The aim of this study was to explore medication management in critical care survivors following severe COVID-19.MethodsBetween 3 and 7 months post hospital discharge, patients who had been admitted to critical care due to severe COVID-19 were invited to an established recovery service. During the clinic consultation a medication review was performed by a pharmacist. This included medicines reconciliation, assessing the appropriateness of each of the prescribed medications and identification of medication changes. We also assessed changes to pain management in the discharge period.ResultsIn total, 78 patients had a full medication review available. Over 70% of patients were taking an increased dose of medicine or a new medicine at clinic. There was a significant overall increase in new medication during the clinic consultation, across different British National Formulary classifications (OR: 1.73 (95% CI: 1.28 to 2.34), p<0.001). Compared with pre critical care admission, there was a significant increase in the number of patients taking regular analgesia following severe COVID-19 infection (23 (29.5%) vs 39 (50%), p<0.001).ConclusionFollowing severe COVID-19, patients may require new or increasing doses of medicines. Ongoing review of these patients is crucial to ensure optimal outcomes.
COVID-19 disruption to family medicine residency curriculum: results from a 2020 US programme directors survey
Authors: Fashner Julia , Espinoza Anthony , Mainous Arch G 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveThis research project examined the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the required curriculum in graduate medical education for family medicine residencies.DesignOur questions were part of a larger omnibus survey conducted by the Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance. Data were collected from 23 September to 16 October 2020.SettingThis study was set in the USA.ParticipantsEmails were sent to 664 family medicine programme directors in the USA. Of the 312 surveys returned, 35 did not answer our questions and were excluded, a total of 277 responses (44%) were analysed.ResultsThe level of disruption varied by discipline and region. Geriatrics had the highest reported disruption (median=4 on a 5-point scale) and intensive care unit had the lowest (median=1 on a 5-point scale). There were no significant differences for disruption by type of programme or community size.ConclusionProgramme directors reported moderate disruption in family medicine resident education in geriatrics, gynaecology, surgery, musculoskeletal medicine, paediatrics and family medicine site during the pandemic. We are limited in generalisations about how region, type of programme, community size or number of residents influenced the level of disruption, as less than 50% of programme directors completed the survey.
Quantitative evaluation of hemodynamics after partial embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Li Zhipeng , Chen Yu , Chen Pingting , Li Ruinan , Ma Li , Yan Debin , Zhang Haibin , Han Heze , Zhao Yang , Zhang Yukun , Meng Xiangyu , Jin Hengwei , Li Youxiang , Chen Xiaolin , Zhao Yuanli 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundTo explore the hemodynamic changes after embolization of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) using quantitative digital subtraction angiography (QDSA).MethodsWe reviewed 74 supratentorial AVMs that underwent endovascular embolization and performed a quantitative hemodynamic analysis comparing parameters in pre- and post-operative DSA in correlation with rupture. The AVMs were further divided into two subgroups based on the embolization degree: Group I: 0%–50%, Group II: 51%–100%. In the intergroup analysis, we examined the correlations between embolization degree and hemodynamic parameter changes.ResultsA longer time to peak (TTP) of the main feeding artery (OR 11.836; 95% CI 1.388 to 100.948; P=0.024) and shorter mean transit time (MTT) of the nidus (OR 0.174; 95% CI 0.039 to 0.766; P=0.021) were associated with AVM rupture. After embolization, all MTTs were significantly prolonged (P<0.05). The full width at half maximum (FWHM) duration of the main feeding artery was significantly shortened (P<0.001), and several hemodynamic parameters of the main draining vein changed significantly (TTP: prolonged, P=0.005; FWHM: prolonged, P=0.014; inflow gradient: decreased, P=0.004; outflow gradient: decreased, P=0.042). In the subgroup analysis, several MTT parameters were significantly prolonged in both groups (P<0.05), and the MTT increase rate in Group II was greater than in Group I (P<0.05).ConclusionsEmbolization can significantly change the hemodynamics of AVMs, especially when an embolization degree >50% is obtained. Partial embolization may reduce the AVM rupture risk in hemodynamics perspective.
Generalized 2HDM with wrong-sign lepton-Yukawa coupling, in light of $$g_{\mu }-2$$ and lepton flavor violation at the future LHC
Authors: Ghosh Nivedita , Lahiri Jayita 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo explain the observed muon anomaly and simultaneously evade bounds from lepton flavor violation in the same model parameter space is a long-cherished dream. In view of a generalized Two Higgs Doublet Model, with a Yukawa structure as a perturbation of Type-X, we are able to get substantial parameter space satisfying these criteria. In this work, we focus on a region with “wrong-sign” lepton-Yukawa coupling which gives rise to interesting phenomenological consequences. Performing a simple cut-based analysis, we show that at 14 TeV run of the LHC with$$300 \mathrm{{fb}}^{-1}$$300fb-1integrated luminosity, part of the model parameter space can be probed with significance "Equation missing"which further improves with Artificial Neural Network analysis.
Lower Bounds for Maximal Matchings and Maximal Independent Sets
Authors: Balliu Alkida , Brandt Sebastian , Hirvonen Juho , Olivetti Dennis , Rabie Mikaël , Suomela Jukka 
Published: December 2021

There are distributed graph algorithms for finding maximal matchings and maximal independent sets in
O
(
Δ
+ log
*
n
) communication rounds; here,
n
is the number of nodes and
Δ
is the maximum degree. The lower bound by Linial (1987, 1992) shows that the dependency on
n
is optimal: These problems cannot be solved in
o
(log
*
n
) rounds even if
Δ
= 2. However, the dependency on
Δ
is a long-standing open question, and there is currently an exponential gap between the upper and lower bounds.

We prove that the upper bounds are tight. We show that any algorithm that finds a maximal matching or maximal independent set with probability at least 1-1/
n
requires Ω (min {
Δ
, log log
n
/ log log log
n
}) rounds in the LOCAL model of distributed computing. As a corollary, it follows that any deterministic algorithm that finds a maximal matching or maximal independent set requires Ω (min {
Δ
, log
n
/ log log
n
}) rounds; this is an improvement over prior lower bounds also as a function of
n
.
Hypertension-Mediated Organ Damage: Prevalence, Correlates, and Prognosis in the Community
Authors: Vasan Ramachandran S. , Song Rebecca J. , Xanthakis Vanessa , Beiser Alexa , DeCarli Charles , Mitchell Gary F. , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Guidelines emphasize screening people with elevated BP for the presence of end-organ damage.

Methods:
We characterized the prevalence, correlates, and prognosis of hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) in the community-based Framingham Study. 7898 participants (mean age 51.6 years, 54% women) underwent assessment for the following HMOD: electrocardiographic and echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, abnormal brain imaging findings consistent with vascular injury, increased carotid intima-media thickness, elevated carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, reduced kidney function, microalbuminuria, and low ankle-brachial index. We characterized HMOD prevalence according to blood pressure (BP) categories defined by four international BP guidelines. Participants were followed up for incidence of cardiovascular disease.

Results:
The prevalence of HMOD varied positively with systolic BP and pulse pressure but negatively with diastolic BP; it increased with age, was similar in both sexes, and varied across BP guidelines based on their thresholds defining hypertension. Among participants with hypertension, elevated carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was the most prevalent HMOD (40%–60%), whereas low ankle-brachial index was the least prevalent (<5%). Left ventricular hypertrophy, reduced kidney function, microalbuminuria, increased carotid intima-media thickness, and abnormal brain imaging findings had an intermediate prevalence (20%–40%). HMOD frequently clustered within individuals. On follow-up (median, 14.1 years), there were 384 cardiovascular disease events among 5865 participants with concurrent assessment of left ventricular mass, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, kidney function, and microalbuminuria. For every BP category above optimal (referent group), the presence of HMOD increased cardiovascular disease risk compared with its absence.

Conclusions:
The prevalence of HMOD varies across international BP guidelines based on their different thresholds for defining hypertension. The presence of HMOD confers incremental prognostic information regarding cardiovascular disease risk at every BP category.
The Marathi Kaulnāmā: Property, Sovereignty and Documentation in a Persianate Form
Authors: Deshpande Prachi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Kaulnāmās were ubiquitous in early modern Marathi bureaucratic documentation. They were issued as deeds of assurance offering protection and confirming various rights, especially during warfare or invasion. Such documents were issued at different levels of the administrative hierarchy in the Adilshahi and Maratha administrations to prevent flight from troubled areas, extend cultivation, and encourage commerce. They also recorded grants of waste land to cultivators on graduated rates of taxation, or to merchants for developing market towns. This paper historicizes the kaulnāmā form from the seventeenth through the early nineteenth centuries, exploring the kinds of transactions of power, sovereignty and property it was part of. Through this focus on the trajectory of particular documentary forms, it reflects on the nature of the Persianate within Marathi bureaucratic practices, and the history of the Marathi language more broadly.
The Scholarship on Spanish Mystical Literature
Authors: Hernández Gloria Maité 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An engaging critical review is offered of scholarly works on Spanish mystical literature during the twentieth and early twenty-first century in Europe and the Americas. Bringing together for the first time an ample variety of sources, and letting the scholars’ own voices be heard, this study asks how their writings were influenced by their particular notions about mysticism and Spain’s relationship with the Orient. A thematic survey like this one illustrates how ideas are created and re-created throughout time, resulting in the production of a more diverse scholarship. Readers will be enriched with a renewed sense of disciplinary awareness.
Unity through Education
Authors: Mukharji Aroop 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The last four years have not only witnessed the largest domestic protests in U.S. history, but the steady polarization of U.S. politics has been a widening trend for decades. Policymakers eager to heal the country can learn from history. The Progressive Era offers one big idea to reduce division: public education. A robust educational system undergirds progress, stability, and unity, and it enables follow-on opportunities of social reform and equality. The Progressive Era’s laudable expansion of public education also, however, reversed progress on racial equality and neglected to resolve an inflammatory media, mistakes that have contributed to today’s division. Learning from the successes and failures of one of the most ambitious Progressive Era programs presents the United States with one path forward to solving its internal turmoil.