bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Living Between Two Different Worlds”: Experiences of Leaving a High-Cost Religious Group
Authors: Björkmark Maria , Nynäs Peter , Koskinen Camilla 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of this interdisciplinary study is to gain a comprehensive understanding of individuals’ subjective experiences after leaving a high-cost religious group and how these experiences have affected their lives. In-depth interviews were done with 18 participants who had left different religious communities in Finland. The interviews were analysed through a thematic analysis. The results show that religious disaffiliation is a life change that may affect an individual’s life in profound ways. Life after being a member of a high-cost group may involve experiences of fear, guilt, sorrow, pain, loss and even suffering on an existential level. These experiences can have serious implications for one’s well-being and health. However, life after religious disaffiliation also includes many positive aspects, such as experiences of joy, freedom, relief, gratitude and empowerment.
Gradient-Based Training of Gaussian Mixture Models for High-Dimensional Streaming Data
Authors: Gepperth Alexander , Pfülb Benedikt 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present an approach for efficiently training Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) by Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with non-stationary, high-dimensional streaming data. Our training scheme does not require data-driven parameter initialization (e.g., k-means) and can thus be trained based on a random initial state. Furthermore, the approach allows mini-batch sizes as low as 1, which are typical for streaming-data settings. Major problems in such settings are undesirable local optima during early training phases and numerical instabilities due to high data dimensionalities. We introduce an adaptive annealing procedure to address the first problem, whereas numerical instabilities are eliminated by an exponential-free approximation to the standard GMM log-likelihood. Experiments on a variety of visual and non-visual benchmarks show that our SGD approach can be trained completely without, for instance, k-means based centroid initialization. It also compares favorably to an online variant of Expectation-Maximization (EM)—stochastic EM (sEM), which it outperforms by a large margin for very high-dimensional data.
Numerical solution for an inverse variational problem
Authors: Garralda-Guillem A. I. , Montiel López P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the present work, firstly, we use a minimax equality to prove the existence of a solution to a certain system of varitional equations providing a numerical approximation of such a solution. Then, we propose a numerical method to solve a collage-type inverse problem associated with the corresponding system, and illustrate the behaviour of the method with a numerical example.
Intrapersonal variability in public transport path choice due to changes in service reliability
Authors: Berggren Ulrik , D’Agostino Carmelo , Svensson Helena , Brundell-Freij Karin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUncertainty during the course of a trip is regarded as a particularly disturbing phenomenon by public transport (PT) passengers and has been shown to have a substantial impact on travel behaviour. However, so far there has been little empirical evidence within contemporary research concerning the degree of mid- to long-term adaptation among PT passengers to changes in the principal cause of such uncertainty within PT transport systems: Lack of service departure reliability. While most studies to date have focussed on instantaneous or short-term behavioural responses, this paper presents results from a one-year panel dataset consisting of individuals’ trip itineraries derived from smart card transactions enriched by automatic vehicle location (AVL) data. We measured long-term line route usage and departure reliability, the latter in terms of headway regularity and schedule adherence, in two panel waves. Thus, we aimed for practical indicators that may be associated with specific line routes and origin–destination PT stop pairs used for recurring trips over time. Results from logistic regression indicate a consistent significant impact of changed headway regularity and punctuality change for line routes with relatively high departure frequency. However, there is a relative indifference to long-term reliability change by a significant share of individuals that have actual trade-offs between at least two line route options, possibly indicating satisficing behaviour among PT passengers. Implications on PT path choice forecasting and route planning are discussed.
Deep calibration of financial models: turning theory into practice
Authors: Büchel Patrick , Kratochwil Michael , Nagl Maximilian , Rösch Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe calibration of financial models is laborious, time-consuming and expensive, and needs to be performed frequently by financial institutions. Recently, the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for model calibration has gained interest. This paper provides the first comprehensive empirical study on the application of ANNs for calibration based on observed market data. We benchmark the performance of the ANN approach against a real-life calibration framework that is in action at a large financial institution. The ANN based calibration framework shows competitive calibration results, roughly four times faster with less computational efforts. Besides speed and efficiency, the resulting model parameters are found to be more stable over time, enabling more reliable risk reports and business decisions. Furthermore, the calibration framework involves multiple validation steps to counteract regulatory concerns regarding its practical application.
Learning with Friction—Students’ Gestures and Enactment in Relation to a GeoGebra Simulation
Authors: Solvang Lorena , Haglund Jesper 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe present study contributes to the understanding of physics students’ representational competence by examining specific bodily practices (e.g. gestures, enactment) of students’ interaction and constructions of representations in relation to a digital learning environment. We present and analyse video data of upper-secondary school students’ interaction with a GeoGebra simulation of friction. Our analysis is based on the assumption that, in a collaborative learning environment, students use their bodies as means of dealing with interpretational problems, and that exploring students’ gestures and enactment can be used to analyse their sensemaking processes. This study shows that specific features of the simulation—features connected with microscopic aspects of friction—triggered students to ask what-if and why questions and consequently, to learn about the representation. During this sense-making process, students improvised their own representations to make their ideas more explicit. The findings extend current research on students’ representational competence by bringing attention to the role of students’ generation of improvised representations in the processes of learning with and about representations.
A Comprehensive Taxonomy of Tasks for Assessing the Impact of New Technologies on Work
Authors: Fernández-Macías Enrique , Bisello Martina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the increasing concern about the labour market implications of technological change has led economists to look in more detail at the structure of work content and job tasks. Incorporating insights from other traditions of task analysis, in particular from the labour process approach, as well as from recent research on skills, work organisation and occupational change, in this paper we propose a comprehensive and detailed taxonomy of tasks. Going beyond existing broad classifications, our taxonomy aims at connecting the substantive content of work with its organisational context by answering two key questions: what do people do at work and how do they do their work? For illustrative purposes, we show how our approach allows a better understanding of the impact of new technologies on work, by accounting for relevant ongoing transformations such as the diffusion of artificial intelligence and the unfolding of digital labour platforms.
Ethnographies of Volunteering: Providing Nuance to the Links Between Volunteering and Development
Authors: Chadwick Alice , Fadel Bianca , Millora Chris 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper explores how ethnographic approaches to third sector and nonprofit studies allow for context-based understandings of the links between volunteering and development. Drawing from our ethnographies of volunteering in Sierra Leone, Burundi and the Philippines, we argue that ethnographic methods could tease out local ideologies and practices of volunteer work that can challenge knowledge monopolies over how volunteering is understood and, later, transcribed into development policy and practice at various levels. The contribution of ethnography as a methodology to third sector research lies not only in the in-depth data it generates but also in the kind of ethos and disposition it requires of scholars—providing attention to issues of power and voice and leaning into the unpredictability of the research process.
For the Love of Art? Episodic Volunteering at Cultural Events
Authors: Hersberger-Langloh Sophie E. , von Schnurbein Georg , Kang Chulhee , Almog-Bar Michal , García-Colín Jacqueline Butcher , García Marta Rey 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough episodic volunteering is a popular form of volunteering and has received increasing attention from researchers, the motives and characteristics of episodic volunteers in different industries or types of events remain underresearched, especially in the context of cultural events. This study is based on a sample of more than 2000 episodic volunteers and analyzes demographic characteristics, motives, and volunteer experience of cultural event volunteers by applying between and within analysis. The between analysis compares cultural and social event volunteers and finds that cultural event volunteers show higher time engagement but are more self-serving in their motives. The within analysis emphasizes intrinsic motives over extrinsic motives, leading to the conclusion that saturation of extrinsic motives reduces willingness for future engagements.
Optimized Doxycycline-Inducible Gene Expression System for Genetic Programming of Tumor-Targeting Bacteria
Authors: Nguyen Dinh-Huy , You Sung-Hwan , Vo An-Trang Ngoc , Ngo Hien Thi-Thu , Van Nguyen Khuynh , Duong Mai Thi-Quynh , Choy Hyon E. , Song Miryoung , Hong Yeongjin , Min Jung-Joon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In the programming of tumor-targeting bacteria, various therapeutic or reporter genes are expressed by different gene-triggering strategies. Previously, we engineered pJL87 plasmid with an inducible bacterial drug delivery system that simultaneously co-expressed two genes for therapy and imaging by a bidirectional tet promoter system only in response to the administration of exogenous doxycycline (Doxy). In this multi-cassette expression approach, tetA promoter (PtetA) was 100-fold higher in expression strength than tetR promoter (PtetR). In the present study, we developed pJH18 plasmid with novel Doxy-inducible gene expression system based on a tet promoter.

Procedures
In this system, Tet repressor (TetR) expressed by a weak constitutive promoter binds to tetO operator, resulting in the tight repression of gene expressions by PtetA and PtetR, and Doxy releases TetR from tetO to de-repress PtetA and PtetR.

Results
In Salmonella transformed with pJH18, the expression balance of bidirectional tet promoters in pJH18 was remarkably improved (PtetA:PtetR = 4~6:1) compared with that of pJL87 (PtetA:PtetR = 100:1) in the presence of Doxy. Also, the expression level by novel tet system was much higher in Salmonella transformed with pJH18 than in those with pJL87 (80-fold in rluc8 and 5-fold in clyA). Interestingly, pJH18 of the transformed Salmonella was much more stably maintained than pJL87 in antibiotic-free tumor-bearing mice (about 41-fold), because only pJH18 carries bom sequence with an essential role in preventing the plasmid-free population of programmed Salmonella from undergoing cell division.

Conclusions
Overall, doxycycline-induced co-expression of two proteins at similar expression levels, we exploited bioluminescence reporter proteins with preclinical but no clinical utility. Future validation with clinically compatible reporter systems, for example, suitable for radionuclide imaging, is necessary to develop this system further towards potential clinical application.
Migraine and Cochlear Symptoms
Authors: Ma Xin , Ke Yu-jie , Jing Yuan-yuan , Diao Tong-xiang , Yu Li-sheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMigraine is one of the most common and highest burdens of disease. As a primary cerebral dysfunction illness, migraine might exhibit other system-related symptoms, including vestibular and cochlear symptoms. With the publication of the diagnostic criteria of vestibular migraine, the link between migraine and vestibular symptoms became clear. However, the relationship between migraine and cochlear symptoms is far from straightforward. Therefore, we focus on the correlation between migraine and deafness, sudden sensorineural hearing loss, acute tinnitus, and chronic tinnitus to better understand the relationship between migraine and cochlear symptoms.
A Brief History of Cerebellar Neurostimulation
Authors: Ponce Gustavo V. , Klaus Jana , Schutter Dennis J. L. G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe first attempts at using electric stimulation to study human brain functions followed the experiments of Luigi Galvani and Giovanni Aldini on animal electricity during the eighteenth century. Since then, the cerebellum has been among the areas that have been studied by invasive and non-invasive forms of electrical and magnetic stimulation. During the nineteenth century, animal experiments were conducted to map the motor-related regions of cerebellar cortex by means of direct electric stimulation. As electric stimulation research on the cerebellum moved into the twentieth century, systematic research of electric cerebellar stimulation led to a better understanding of its effects and mechanism of action. In addition, the clinical potential of cerebellar stimulation in the treatment of motor diseases started to be explored. With the introduction of transcranial electric and magnetic stimulation, cerebellar research moved to non-invasive techniques. During the twenty-first century, following on groundbreaking research that linked the cerebellum to non-motor functions, non-invasive techniques have facilitated research into different aspects of cerebellar functioning. The present review provides a brief historical account of cerebellar neurostimulation and discusses current challenges and future direction in this field of research.
Influence of the Upstream Terrain on the Formation of a Cold Frontal Snowband in Northeast China
Authors: Li Na , Jiao Baofeng , Ran Lingkun , Gao Zongting , Gao Shouting 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe investigated the influence of upstream terrain on the formation of a cold frontal snowband in Northeast China. We conducted numerical sensitivity experiments that gradually removed the upstream terrain and compared the results with a control experiment. Our results indicate a clear negative effect of upstream terrain on the formation of snowbands, especially over large-scale terrain. By thoroughly examining the ingredients necessary for snowfall (instability, lifting and moisture), we found that the release of mid-level conditional instability, followed by the release of low-level or near surface instabilities (inertial instability, conditional instability or conditional symmetrical instability), contributed to formation of the snowband in both experiments. The lifting required for the release of these instabilities was mainly a result of frontogenetic forcing and upper gravity waves. However, the snowband in the control experiment developed later and was weaker than that in the experiment without upstream terrain. Two factors contributed to this negative topographic effect: (1) the mountain gravity waves over the upstream terrain, which perturbed the frontogenetic circulation by rapidly changing the vertical motion and therefore did not favor the release of instabilities in the absence of persistent ascending motion; and (2) the decrease in the supply of moisture as a result of blocking of the upstream terrain, which changed both the moisture and instability structures leeward of the mountains. A conceptual model is presented that shows the effects of the instabilities and lifting on the development of cold frontal snowbands in downstream mountains.
Cancer biology deciphered by single-cell transcriptomic sequencing
Authors: Li Yanmeng , Jin Jianshi , Bai Fan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTumors are complex ecosystems in which heterogeneous cancer cells interact with their microenvironment composed of diverse immune, endothelial, and stromal cells. Cancer biology had been studied using bulk genomic and gene expression profiling, which however mask the cellular diversity and average the variability among individual molecular programs. Recent advances in single-cell transcriptomic sequencing have enabled a detailed dissection of tumor ecosystems and promoted our understanding of tumorigenesis at single-cell resolution. In the present review, we discuss the main topics of recent cancer studies that have implemented single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). To study cancer cells, scRNA-seq has provided novel insights into the cancer stem-cell model, treatment resistance, and cancer metastasis. To study the tumor microenvironment, scRNA-seq has portrayed the diverse cell types and complex cellular states of both immune and non-immune cells interacting with cancer cells, with the promise to discover novel targets for future immunotherapy.
Tribological performance and scuffing behaviors of several automobile piston rings mating with chrome-plated cylinder liner
Authors: Ma Zeyu , Huang Ruoxuan , Yuan Xiaoshuai , Shen Yan , Xu Jiujun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe friction and wear properties, as well as the scuffing resistance, of different piston-ring coatings mating with a chrome-plated cylinder liner were investigated. Interrupted wear tests under the lubricant starvation condition were conducted to examine the wear behavior of Cr-diamond coating (GDC) and diamond-like coating (DLC). The results indicated that the DLC coating had outstanding tribological properties (small coefficient of friction and wear loss) at 150 °C, while the GDC coating exhibited better performance at an elevated temperature (240 °C). The DLC coating had a better scuffing resistance; no material adhesion occurred for 70 min under the unlubricated condition. The interrupted wear behaviors revealed that the scuffing process of the GDC coating involved the consumption of lubricant oil with relatively stable wear, a reduction in the friction force, and the occurrence of scuffing, in sequence. In contrast, although the friction force also increased after a short period of weak friction, no scuffing was observed. This is attributed to the formation of a mixed oxide and graphitic C tribolayer.
Online distributed tracking of generalized Nash equilibrium on physical networks
Authors: Su Yifan , Liu Feng , Wang Zhaojian , Mei Shengwei , Lu Qiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn generalized Nash equilibrium (GNE) seeking problems over physical networks such as power grids, the enforcement of network constraints and time-varying environment may bring high computational costs. Developing online algorithms is recognized as a promising method to cope with this challenge, where the task of computing system states is replaced by directly using measured values from the physical network. In this paper, we propose an online distributed algorithm via measurement feedback to track the GNE in a time-varying networked resource sharing market. Regarding that some system states are not measurable and measurement noise always exists, a dynamic state estimator is incorporated based on a Kalman filter, rendering a closed-loop dynamics of measurement-feedback driven online algorithm. We prove that, with a fixed step size, this online algorithm converges to a neighborhood of the GNE in expectation. Numerical simulations validate the theoretical results.
Model predictive control for autonomous ground vehicles: a review
Authors: Yu Shuyou , Hirche Matthias , Huang Yanjun , Chen Hong , Allgöwer Frank 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper reviews model predictive control (MPC) and its wide applications to both single and multiple autonomous ground vehicles (AGVs). On one hand, MPC is a well-established optimal control method, which uses the predicted future information to optimize the control actions while explicitly considering constraints. On the other hand, AGVs are able to make forecasts and adapt their decisions in uncertain environments. Therefore, because of the nature of MPC and the requirements of AGVs, it is intuitive to apply MPC algorithms to AGVs. AGVs are interesting not only for considering them alone, which requires centralized control approaches, but also as groups of AGVs that interact and communicate with each other and have their own controller onboard. This calls for distributed control solutions. First, a short introduction into the basic theoretical background of centralized and distributed MPC is given. Then, it comprehensively reviews MPC applications for both single and multiple AGVs. Finally, the paper highlights existing issues and future research directions, which will promote the development of MPC schemes with high performance in AGVs.
Americium Inhalational Exposure with Successful Chelation Therapy
Authors: Keenan Michael , Behrens Torsten , Bravenec Stan , Davis Jason , Bowen Angie , Goans Ronald , Iddins Carol 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmericium is a man-made metal produced in very small quantities in nuclear reactors. Americium-241 is one of the radioactive isotopes of americium and has commercial applications, including use in smoke detectors. This is a case report of an occupational inhalation of americium-241, treated with both effective external decontamination and the use of diethylenetriamine pentaacetate to promote decorporation. This experience is significant because of the potential for americium or similar radionuclides to be used in “dirty” bombs or other radiological dispersion devices to cause large-scale radioactive contamination.
Scholarship, trade and politics: Andalusian contribution to the Mediterranean standing of Tripoli (3rd/9th–5th/11th centuries)
Authors: Montel Aurélien 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGiven the lack of local sources, the history of Tripoli as a global Mediterranean city remains unclear until the Ottoman conquest of the 16th century. Given that documentary record, the exploration of the rich Arabic tradition written in al-Andalus provides a fresh insight into how Tripoli constructed its Mediterranean stature prior to the 11th century. First, the systematic analysis of Islamic biographical literature (ṭabaqāt) shows Tripoli was one of the most visited cities by the Andalusian scholars across the Islamic world. It also reveals they were in close contact with the Tripolitanian Mālikī networks. Eventually, The Tripolitanian elites took advantage, of that specific Andalusian connection, and using the rivalry between the caliphal powers at the dawn of the 11th century they assured the independence of the city for the first time while rejecting the Fatimid-Zirid power and recognizing the sovereignty of the Spanish Umayyads.