bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing low‐risk febrile neutropenia in children in the time of COVID‐19: What matters to parents and clinicians
Authors: Haeusler Gabrielle M , De Abreu Lourenco Richard , Bakos Cindy , O'Brien Tracey , Slavin Monica A , Clark Julia E , McMullan Brendan , Borland Meredith L , Babl Franz E , Krishnasamy Meinir , Vanevski Marijana , Thursky Karin A , Hall Lisa 
Published: February 2021

AimThe Australian ‘There is no place like home’ project is implementing a paediatric low‐risk febrile neutropenia (FN) programme across eight paediatric hospitals. We sought to identify the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic on programme implementation.MethodsPaediatric oncology, infectious diseases and emergency medicine health‐care workers and parent/carers were surveyed to explore the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on home‐based FN care. Online surveys were distributed nationally to health‐care workers involved in care of children with FN and to parents or carers of children with cancer.ResultsSurveys were completed by 78 health‐care workers and 32 parents/carers. Overall, 95% of health‐care workers had confidence in the safety of home‐based FN care, with 35% reporting changes at their own hospitals in response to the pandemic that made them more comfortable with this model. Compared to pre‐pandemic, >50% of parent/carers were now more worried about attending the hospital with their child and >80% were interested in receiving home‐based FN care. Among both groups, increased telehealth access and acceptance of home‐based care, improved patient quality of life and reduced risk of nosocomial infection were identified as programme enablers, while re‐direction of resources due to COVID‐19 and challenges in implementing change during a crisis were potential barriers.ConclusionThere is strong clinician and parent/carer support for home‐based management of low‐risk FN across Australia. Changes made to the delivery of cancer care in response to the pandemic have generally increased acceptance for home‐based treatments and opportunities exist to leverage these to refine the low‐risk FN programme.
How fast is a snail’s pace? The influences of size and substrate on gastropod speed of locomotion
Authors: Pembury Smith M. Q. R. , Ruxton G. D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTerrestrial gastropods display monotaxic direct crawling. During locomotion, smooth muscle contraction stimulates a series of pedal waves that move along the ventral surface of the foot. These waves interact with a thin layer of mucus produced by the foot, propelling the animal forward. Although the mechanism by which this process occurs has been well studied, less is known about how morphological or environmental factors affect this process, and ultimately how they may alter the speed of propulsion. In this study, we tested the influences of body size, substrate type, and substrate orientation on crawling speed in the terrestrial snail Cornu aspersum. We found that substrate texture and orientation had a strong effect on speed, whereas snail body size and the presence of a conspecific trail did not. Crawling speed across rough sandpaper was the most striking, showing a clear inversely proportional relationship between the size of abrasive particle and speed. We suggest that this may be the result of substrate attributes interfering with mucus adhesion or mucus production, subsequently affecting locomotion, although gait choice or the frequency and length of each pedal wave may also play a role.
Cytokinin signaling localized in phloem noncell‐autonomously regulates cambial activity during secondary growth of Populus stems
Authors: Fu Xiaokang , Su Huili , Liu Shuai , Du Xuelian , Xu Changzheng , Luo Keming 
Published: February 2021

Summary

The regulation of cytokinin on secondary vascular development has been uncovered by modulating cytokinin content. However, it remains unclear how cytokinin enriched in developing secondary phloem regulates cambium activity in poplar.

Here, we visualized the gradient distribution of cytokinin with a peak in the secondary phloem of poplar stem via immunohistochemical imaging, and determined the role of phloem‐located cytokinin signaling during wood formation.

We generated transgenic poplar harboring cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX)2, a gene encoding a cytokinin degrading enzyme, driven by the phloem‐specific CLE41b promoter, indicating that the disruption of the cytokinin gradient pattern restricts the cambial activity. The RNA interference‐based knockdown of the histidine kinase (HK) genes encoding cytokinin receptors specifically in secondary phloem significantly compromised the division activity of cambial cells, whereas the phloem‐specific expression of a type‐B response regulator (RR) transcription factor stimulated cambial proliferation, providing evidence for the noncell‐autonomous regulation of local cytokinin signaling on the cambial activity. Moreover, the cambium‐specific knockdown of HKs also led to restricted cambial activity, and the defects were aggravated by the reduced cytokinin accumulation.

Our results showed that local cytokinin signaling in secondary phloem regulates cambial activity noncell‐autonomously, and coordinately with its local signaling in cambium.
Food allergy treatment value: Child caregiver and patient perspectives
Authors: Abdelwadoud Moaz , Eftekhari Sanaz , Jaffee Hannah , Carver Melanie , Mattingly T. Joseph 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFood allergy is a major health problem that significantly impacts quality of life (QoL). There is growing focus to evaluate food allergy‐related QoL and treatment options’ value beyond the clinical effectiveness perspective by engaging patients and caregivers. We aimed to identify and prioritize outcomes important to food allergy parents of children and patients allergic to milk, egg, and/or peanut, to guide comparative effectiveness research (CER) that focuses on evaluating food allergy treatment decisions.MethodsWe conducted a modified 3‐round Delphi study to identify and derive consensus on priority treatment outcomes for parents of children and adult patients with diagnosed allergies to at least one of three major allergenic foods (milk, egg, and peanut) from across the United States.ResultsRound 1 yielded 44 statements for round 2, and 39 statements reached the agreement level for round 3 ranking. Statements were organized under 4 sections: 1) food allergy problems, 2) treatment experiences, 3) important treatment outcomes, and 4) value of different treatment options.ConclusionFood allergy parents and patients face several social, psychological, medical, healthcare, financial, food selection, and awareness challenges. The areas of consensus on important treatment outcomes revealed shared priority for reducing the risk of potentially fatal allergic reactions and having reliable treatments. The most valued treatment options reflect hope for permanent cure and fear of serious allergic reactions.
Exogenous pipecolic acid modulates plant defence responses against Podosphaera xanthii and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Pazarlar S. , Sanver U. , Cetinkaya N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a long‐lasting and broad‐based resistance that can be activated following infection with (a)virulent pathogens and treatment with exogenous elicitors. Pipecolic acid (Pip), a Lys‐derived non‐protein amino acid, naturally occurs in many different plant species, and its N‐hydroxylated derivative, N‐hydroxypipecolic acid (NHP), acts as a crucial regulator of SAR.

In the present study, we conducted a systemic analysis of the defence responses of a series of D,L‐Pip‐pretreated Cucumis sativus L. against Podosphaera xanthii (P. xanthii) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans (Psl). The effects of D,L‐Pip on ROS metabolism, defence‐related gene expression, SA accumulation and activity of defence‐related enzymes were evaluated.

We show that exogenously applied D,L‐Pip successfully induces SAR in cucumber against P. xanthii and Psl, but not Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (Foc). Exogenous application of D,L‐Pip via the root system is sufficient to activate the accumulation of free and conjugated salicylic acid (SA), and earlier and stronger upregulation of SAR‐associated gene transcription upon P. xanthii infection. Furthermore, D,L‐Pip treatment and subsequent pathogen inoculation promote hydrogen peroxide and superoxide accumulation, as well as Rboh transcription activation in cucumber plants, suggesting that D,L‐Pip‐triggered ROS production might be involved in enhanced defence reactions against P. xanthii. We also demonstrate that D,L‐Pip pretreatment increases the activity of defence‐associated enzymes, including peroxidase, chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase.

The results presented in this report provide promising features of Pip as an elicitor in cucumber and call for further studies that may uncover its potential in production areas against different phytopathogens.
The Rhetoric of the Trump Administration
Authors: Stuckey Mary E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBy extending the personalized presidency from the institution to the individual president while undercutting the bureaucracy's reliance on expertise and by attacking democratic norms and values, Donald Trump undermined both the executive as an institution and his own ability to govern. These elements of his presidential rhetoric are clarified with reference to Trump's relationships with the media, the executive branch, and the mass public, and are distilled in his handling of the global pandemic.
Instructed reappraisal and cardiovascular habituation to recurrent stress
Authors: Griffin Siobhán M. , Howard Siobhán 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInstructed reappraisal has previously been associated with a challenge‐oriented cardiovascular response profile, indexed by greater cardiac output (CO) and lower total peripheral resistance (TPR), in response to asinglestress exposure. The present study builds on this research by employing a stress habituation paradigm where participants completed a speech task twice; in which prior to the second task participants heard reappraisal instructions (i.e., view feelings of stressarousalas something that is beneficial) or control instructions. This paradigm allowed us to (a) test if reappraisal aids cardiovascular habituation torecurrentstress, and (b) examine if reappraisal leads to a within‐participant change in CO/TPR responding from an uninstructed task to an instructed reappraisal task. Habitual use of reappraisal was assessed using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. The analyses report upon 173 young adults (121 women, 52 men). Cardiovascular parameters were measured continuously using the Finometer Pro. All participants demonstrated similar cardiovascular habituation during the second stress exposure (lower SBP, CO, and HR); suggesting that reappraisal did not aid cardiovascular habituation to recurrent stress. Reappraisal instructions did not lead to a challenge‐oriented response compared to both the control group and responses to the uninstructed task. This study is the first to examine the relationship between instructed reappraisal and cardiovascular habituation and identifies that habitual use of reappraisal does not interact with reappraisal instructions to influence cardiovascular responses to stress.
Anatomy of a mixed bioclastic–siliciclastic regressive tidal sand ridge: Facies‐based case study from the lower Pleistocene Siderno Strait, southern Italy
Authors: Longhitano Sergio G. , Rossi Valentina M. , Chiarella Domenico , Mellere Donatella , Tropeano Marcello , Dalrymple Robert W. , Steel Ronald J. , Nappi Antonio , Olita Fabio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSand ridges, a common feature of modern open shelves, reflect persistent currents and sediment availability under recent transgressive conditions. They represent the largest bedforms in the oceans and, as such, can yield information on long‐term oceanographic processes. However, there is a limited number of tidal sand ridges documented from the rock record, examples of regressive tidal sand ridges are scarce and studies describing ridges in straits are even more rare. This study analyses a Gelasian succession within a structurally controlled, tide‐dominated strait in the Siderno Basin, southern Italy. The strait connected two wider basins, and accumulated sediments reworked by amplified tidal (bi‐directional) currents. A series of tidal sand ridges with superimposed dunes developed close to the south‐eastern end of the strait, where bathymetry was deeper and flow expansion occurred. One of the best‐exposed tidal sand ridges, 65 m thick, crops out along a ca 2 km long cliff. Large‐scale, ESE‐prograding, seaward‐offlapping shingles contain sets of bioclastic–siliciclastic, coarse‐grained, cross‐stratified sandstones, erosionally overlying upper Pliocene shelf marls and fine‐grained sandstones. Cross‐strata show angular, tangential and sigmoidal foresets with compound architectures and a SSE migration, i.e. oblique to the main growth direction. Fossil content indicates open‐marine conditions. The succession changes abruptly across an erosion surface to non‐tidal, highly burrowed mixed siliciclastic–bioclastic fine‐grained sandstones, less than 15 m thick. Documented features reflect stages of nucleation, active accretion and abandonment of an individual sand ridge, during a complete cycle of relative sea‐level change. The ridge formed during a phase of normal regression, with accretion occurring during an initial highstand and the ensuing falling stage. During the lowstand the ridge was split into several minor bodies by enhanced tidal currents. The ensuing transgression draped the moribund ridge with tabular strata, whereas final highstand shelf sedimentation reworked the top of the underlying sand body with weak currents.
Preliminary test estimation in uniformly locally asymptotically normal models
Authors: Paindaveine Davy , Rasoafaraniaina Joséa , Verdebout Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPreliminary test estimation is a methodology that combines goodness‐of‐fit testing and estimation. It is a classical procedure when it is suspected that the parameter to be estimated satisfies some prespecified constraints. In the present paper, we establish general results on the asymptotic behavior of preliminary test estimators. More precisely, we show that, in uniformly locally asymptotically normal (ULAN) models, a general asymptotic theory can be derived for preliminary test estimators based on estimators admitting generic Bahadur‐type representations. This allows for a detailed comparison between classical estimators and preliminary test estimators in ULAN models. Our results, that, in standard linear regression models, are shown to reduce to some classical results, are also illustrated in more modern and involved setups, such as the multisample one where m covariance matrices are to be estimated when it is suspected that these matrices might be equal, might be proportional, or might share a common “scale”. Simulation results confirm our theoretical findings and an illustration on a real data example is provided.
Plant stem cell research is uncovering the secrets of longevity and persistent growth
Authors: Umeda Masaaki , Ikeuchi Momoko , Ishikawa Masaki , Ito Toshiro , Nishihama Ryuichi , Kyozuka Junko , Torii Keiko U. , Satake Akiko , Goshima Gohta , Sakakibara Hitoshi 
Published: February 2021

SummaryPlant stem cells have several extraordinary features: they are generated de novo during development and regeneration, maintain their pluripotency, and produce another stem cell niche in an orderly manner. This enables plants to survive for an extended period and to continuously make new organs, representing a clear difference in their developmental program from animals. To uncover regulatory principles governing plant stem cell characteristics, our research project ‘Principles of pluripotent stem cells underlying plant vitality’ was launched in 2017, supported by a Grant‐in‐Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas from the Japanese government. Through a collaboration involving 28 research groups, we aim to identify key factors that trigger epigenetic reprogramming and global changes in gene networks, and thereby contribute to stem cell generation. Pluripotent stem cells in the shoot apical meristem are controlled by cytokinin and auxin, which also play a crucial role in terminating stem cell activity in the floral meristem; therefore, we are focusing on biosynthesis, metabolism, transport, perception, and signaling of these hormones. Besides, we are uncovering the mechanisms of asymmetric cell division and of stem cell death and replenishment under DNA stress, which will illuminate plant‐specific features in preserving stemness. Our technology support groups expand single‐cell omics to describe stem cell behavior in a spatiotemporal context, and provide correlative light and electron microscopic technology to enable live imaging of cell and subcellular dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolution. In this perspective, we discuss future directions of our ongoing projects and related research fields.
Daratumumab for delayed RBC engraftment following major ABO mismatched haploidentical bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Yates Bonnie , Molloy Eoghan , Dulau‐Florea Alina , Braylan Raul , Hogan Laura , Hickstein Dennis D. , Freeman Alexandra F. , Kalsi Shelley S. , Shah Nirali N. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent case reports have described the efficacy of daratumumab to treat refractory pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) following major ABO mismatched allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). In this report, we describe the use of daratumumab as a first‐line agent for treatment of delayed red blood cell (RBC) engraftment following a major ABO mismatched pediatric HSCT and provide a review of the literature.Study Design and MaterialsWe report on a 14‐year‐old with DOCK8 deficiency who underwent a myeloablative, haploidentical bone marrow transplant from her major ABO mismatched sister (recipient O+, donor A+) for treatment of her primary immunodeficiency. Despite achieving full donor chimerism, she had delayed RBC engraftment requiring ongoing transfusions. Due to iron deposition, symptomatic anemia, and persistence of anti‐A iso‐hemagglutinins despite discontinuation of immunosuppression, treatment for delayed RBC engraftment with the CD38‐targeted monoclonal antibody daratumumab was selected as a less immunosuppressive agent that could more selectively target iso‐hemagglutinin producing plasma cells without causing broad B‐cell aplasia.ResultsClinical effect with daratumumab was demonstrated by reduced iso‐hemagglutinin titer, increased reticulocytosis, normalization of her hemoglobin, and transfusion independence. In the 11‐month follow‐up period to date, no additional transfusions or immunosuppression have been necessary, despite persistence of low‐level anti‐A iso‐hemagglutinin.ConclusionOur experience suggests that daratumumab was an effective first‐line therapy for delayed RBC engraftment and that earlier consideration for daratumumab in treatment of delayed RBC engraftment may be warranted.
Eighty-Five Percent of Improved Optical Power Delivery to Epiretinal Prostheses Using Rigid Body Compensation Algorithm
Authors: Mailhot Nathaniel , Cheriton Ross , Vyas Kaustubh , Cook John , Prawer Steven , Hinzer Karin , Spinello Davide 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Vision impairment caused by degenerative retinal pathologies such as age-related macular degeneration can be treated using retinal implants. Such devices receive power and data using cables passing through a permanent surgical incision in the eye wall (sclera), which increases the risk to patients and surgical costs. A recently developed retinal implant design eliminates the necessity of the implant cable using a photonic power converter (PPC), which receives optical power and data through the pupil and is directed by an ellipsoidal reflector and micro-electromechanical mirror. We present a misalignment compensation algorithm model that accounts for rigid-body motions of the reflector relative to the eye and applies the correction to the mirror coordinates in the presence of angular misalignment of the reflector. We demonstrate that up to 85% of the nominal optical power can be delivered to the implant with axial reflector misalignments up to 30 deg using the compensation algorithm.
Quasi-Linear Viscoelastic Characterization of Soft Tissue-Mimicking Materials
Authors: Helisaz Hamed , Bacca Mattia , Chiao Mu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present a novel method based on the quasi-linear viscoelastic (QLV) theory to describe the time-dependent behavior of soft materials. Unlike previous methods for deriving QLV parameters, we characterize the elastic and viscous behavior of materials separately by using two different sets of experiments. To model the nonlinear elastic behavior, we fit the elastic stress response with a one-term Ogden model. Then, we model the relaxation behavior with a Prony series to compare the stress relaxation of the material at different timescales. This new method allows us to characterize materials with narrow confidence intervals (high accuracy), independently from the loading conditions. We validate our model using samples made of phantom materials that mimic normal and cancerous prostate tissues in terms of Young's modulus. Our model is shown to distinguish materials with similar elastic (viscous) properties but different viscous (elastic) properties. Drawing a precise distinction between the phantoms, this method could be useful for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis; but significant clinical studies will be needed in the future.
Colored Lévy Noise-Induced Stochastic Dynamics in a Tri-Stable Hybrid Energy Harvester
Authors: Zhang Yanxia , Jin Yanfei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The piezoelectric and electromagnetic hybrid vibration energy harvester (HVEH) has proven to be a favorable option to deal with the low power generation issue and overcome the drawbacks of each individual transduction mechanism. Besides, colored Lévy noise consisting of small perturbations, large jumps, and correlation time turns out to be a relatively suitable tool for describing the complex environments. For the purpose of enhancing the harvesting performance of HVEH, the stochastic dynamics induced by colored Lévy noise in a tri-stable HVEH is mainly investigated in this paper. The stationary probability density, the largest Lyapunov exponent, the signal-to-noise ratio, and the mean harvested power are calculated to explore the stochastic dynamics of system, such as the stochastic response, the stochastic stability, the stochastic resonance (SR), and the energy harvesting performance. The results show that the colored Lévy noise can induce stochastic P-bifurcation, D-bifurcation, and SR phenomenon. In particular, the comparisons between colored Lévy noise and colored Brownian noise in dynamics and harvesting performance are also discussed in detail. It is found that the colored Lévy noise can make a greater contribution than colored Brownian noise in the effective voltage and help to improve the mean harvested power through the SR effect.