bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degradation of moxifloxacin by ionizing radiation and toxicity assessment
Authors: Muneer Majid , Kanjal Muhammad Imran , Saeed Muhammad , Jamal Muhammad Asghar , Haq Atta ul , Iqbal Munawar , Haq Ehsan ul , Ali Saddaqat 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The gamma ray induced degradation of moxifloxacin in aqueous media has been evaluated. The drug solutions (50 & 100 mg/L) were irradiated to absorbed doses of 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, 2, 3 and 4 kGy using Cs-137 gamma radiation source. The parameters such as drug initial concentration, oxidant (H2O2) concentration and gamma ray absorbed doses were optimized. The efficiency of Advanced oxidation processes (AOP) was evaluated on the basis of degradation, reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and toxicity reduction of the drug. The maximum degradation of 94.01 and 88.30% was achieved when drug solutions were exposed to gamma irradiation absorbed dose of 4 kGy which enhanced to 100 and 99.06% in the presence of H2O2 (0.5 mL/L) for 50 and 100 mg/L respectively. A significant reduction in COD 72 and 75% for 50 mg/L while 65 and 69% in case of 100 mg/L was noted using gamma and gamma/H2O2 respectively at absorbed dose of 4 kGy. The parameters such as dose constant (k), removal efficiency (G-value), gamma ray absorbed doses required for 50, 90 and 99% degradation (D
0.50, D
0.90 and D
0.99) have been calculated. The radiolytic degradation was monitored by UV–Vis spectrophotometer and HPLC, FT-IR studies were performed to investigate the change in functional groups before and after treatment, while GC-MS analysis was carried out to monitor intermediates/degraded end-products. The FT-IR spectra has shown complete destruction of aromatic rings after radiation treatment but a minor peak appeared at 1216 cm−1 corresponding to CO stretching. The GC-MS study for the drug samples treated with gamma/H2O2 has shown no any significant peak which confirms the complete degradation. The cytotoxicity of treated samples was carried out by hemolytic assay and mutagenicity using Ames test before and after each treatment. The hemolytic test showed 73.92% hemolysis, while gamma/H2O2 treatment reduced the mutagenicity to 74.08 and 65.66% against TA98 and TA100 bacterial strains respectively. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the data. The obtained data elaborate that gamma/H2O2process is promising approach for the remediation of pharmaceutical waste effluent.
Classification of Gaussian spatio-temporal data with stationary separable covariances
Authors: Karaliutė Marta , Dučinskas Kęstutis 
Published: March 2021

The novel approach to classification of spatio-temporal data based on Bayes discriminant functions is developed. We focus on the problem of supervised classifying of the spatiotemporal Gaussian random field (GRF) observation into one of two classes specified by different drift parameters, separable nonlinear covariance functions and nonstationary label field. The performance of proposed classification rule is validated by the values of local Bayes and empirical error rates realized by leave one out procedure. A simulation study for spatial covariance functions belonging to powered-exponential family and temporal covariance functions of AR(1) models is carried out. The influence of the values of spatial and temporal covariance parameters to error rates for several label field models are studied. The results showed that the proposed classification methodology can be applied successfully in practice with small error rates and can be a useful tool for discriminant analysis of spatio-temporal data.
Use of Procalcitonin in a Febrile Infant Clinical Pathway and Impact on Infants Aged 29 to 60 Days
Authors: Widmer Kaitlin , Schmidt Sarah , Bakel Leigh Anne , Cookson Michael , Leonard Jan , Tyler Amy 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVES:
Recent evidence suggests that measuring the procalcitonin level may improve identification of low-risk febrile infants who may not need intervention. We describe outcomes after the implementation of a febrile infant clinical pathway recommending measurement of the procalcitonin level for risk stratification.

METHODS:
In this single-center retrospective pre-post intervention study of febrile infants aged 29 to 60 days, we used interrupted time series analyses to evaluate outcomes of lumbar puncture (LP), antibiotic administration, hospital admission, and emergency department (ED) length of stay (LOS). A multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate the odds of LP.

RESULTS:
Data were analyzed between January 2017 and December 2019 and included 740 participants. Procalcitonin use increased post–pathway implementation (PI). The proportion of low-risk infants receiving an LP decreased significantly post-PI (P = .001). In the adjusted interrupted time series analysis, there was no immediate level change (shift) post-PI for LP (0.98 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49–1.97]), antibiotics (1.17 [95% CI: 0.56–2.43]), admission (1.07 [95% CI: 0.59–1.96]), or ED LOS (1.08 [95% CI: 0.92–1.28]), and there was no slope change post-PI versus pre-PI for any measure (LP: 1.01 [95% CI: 0.94–1.08]; antibiotics: 1.00 [95% CI: 0.93–1.08]; admission: 1.03 [95% CI: 0.97–1.09]; ED LOS: 1.01 [95% CI: 0.99–1.02]). More patients were considered high risk, and fewer had incomplete laboratory test results post-PI (P &lt; .001). There were no missed serious bacterial infections. A normal procalcitonin level significantly decreased the odds of LP (P &lt; .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
Clinicians quickly adopted procalcitonin testing. Resource use for low-risk infants decreased; however, there was no change to resource use for the overall population because more infants underwent laboratory evaluation and were classified as high risk post-PI.
Mental Health Diagnoses and Seasonal Trends at a Pediatric Emergency Department and Hospital, 2015–2019
Authors: Marshall Rebecca , Ribbers Amanda , Sheridan David , Johnson Kyle P. 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:
Increasingly, youth with mental health disorders and suicidality are presenting to emergency departments (EDs) and requiring hospitalization. For youth with suicidality, studies reveal seasonal variations in frequency of presentations but do not identify associated diagnoses or whether other primary mental health complaints also reveal seasonal variations.

METHODS:
Data were collected between January 2015 and December 2019 by a child and adolescent psychiatry consultation-liaison service in a pediatric ED and hospital. Descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression were performed to assess volume over time, seasonal trends, and associated diagnoses.

RESULTS:
A total of 2367 patients were included, with an average age of 13.9 years and female predominance (62.3%). During the study period, annual ED consultations increased 87.5% and hospital consultations increased 27.5%. Consultations revealed seasonal trends, with highest volumes during January, April, May, October, and November (P &lt; .001; adjusted R2 = 0.59). The most frequent diagnostic categories were depressive disorders and trauma- or stressor-related disorders. Thirty-six percent of patients presented after a suicide attempt, with the highest rates in spring (P = .03; adjusted R2 = 0.19). Boarding rates revealed significant seasonality, with higher instances in February, March, April, May, and October (P = .009; adjusted R2 = 0.32).

CONCLUSIONS:
Mental health presentations to a pediatric ED and hospital reveal seasonal trends, with the highest volumes in fall and spring and the most common diagnoses being depressive and trauma-related disorders. Suicide attempts are highest in late spring. Knowledge of these trends should inform hospitals, mental health services, and school systems regarding staffing, safety, surveillance, and prevention.
Pneumonia Severity in Children: Utility of Procalcitonin in Risk Stratification
Authors: Sartori Laura F. , Zhu Yuwei , Grijalva Carlos G. , Ampofo Krow , Gesteland Per , Johnson Jakobi , McHenry Rendie , Arnold Donald H. , Pavia Andrew T. , Edwards Kathryn M. , Williams Derek J. 
Published: March 2021

OBJECTIVES:
To determine if serum procalcitonin, an indicator of bacterial etiology in pneumonia in all ages and a predictor of severe pneumonia in adults, is associated with disease severity in children with community-acquired pneumonia.

METHODS:
We prospectively enrolled children 2 months to &lt;18 years with clinical and radiographic pneumonia at 2 children’s hospitals (2014–2019). Procalcitonin samples were obtained at presentation. An ordinal outcome scale of pneumonia severity was defined: very severe (intubation, shock, or death), severe (intensive care admission without very severe features and/or high-flow nasal cannula), moderate (hospitalization without severe or very severe features), and mild (discharge). Hospital length of stay (LOS) was also examined. Ordinal logistic regression was used to model associations between procalcitonin and outcomes. We estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for a variety of cut points of procalcitonin ranging from 0.25 to 3.5 ng/mL.

RESULTS:
The study included 488 children with pneumonia; 30 (6%) were classified as very severe, 106 (22%) as severe, 327 (67%) as moderate, and 25 (5%) as mild. Median procalcitonin in the very severe group was 5.06 (interquartile range [IQR] 0.90–16.83), 0.38 (IQR 0.11–2.11) in the severe group, 0.29 (IQR 0.09–1.90) in the moderate group, and 0.21 (IQR 0.12–1.2) in the mild group. Increasing procalcitonin was associated with increasing severity (range of aORs: 1.03–1.25) and increased LOS (range of aORs: 1.04–1.36). All comparisons were statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS:
Higher procalcitonin was associated with increased severity and LOS. Procalcitonin may be useful in helping clinicians evaluate pneumonia severity.
Effects of a Poetry Intervention on Emotional Wellbeing in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients
Authors: Delamerced Anna , Panicker Cia , Monteiro Kristina , Chung Erica Y. 
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The hospital is often a challenging and unfamiliar environment for families. Hospitalization can increase stress and anxiety among children and caregivers. In this study, we are the first to explore the possible therapeutic effects of poetry on hospitalized pediatric patients’ emotional wellbeing.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Patients aged 8 to 17 years old admitted to the inpatient pediatric ward and their parents or guardians were eligible for inclusion. With the validated Pediatric Quality of Life Present Functioning Visual Analogue Scales, 6 items were measured before and after the poetry intervention for each participant: fear, sadness, anger, worry, fatigue, and pain in the present moment. The intervention itself consisted of poetry-based reading and writing exercises. Participants and parents also completed an open-ended qualitative survey on their experience.

RESULTS:
Data from 44 participants were analyzed. Using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, we showed that the poetry intervention had a statistically significant reduction in 5 of the 6 Pediatric Quality of Life Present Functioning Visual Analogue Scales symptom measures: fear (P = .021), sadness (P = .004), anger (P = .039), worry (P = .041), and fatigue (P &lt; .001). Reduction in pain was not statistically significant (P = .092). Six coded themes emerged from qualitative analysis: the poetry intervention facilitated (1) happiness and (2) family involvement, was viewed as a (3) good distraction and (4) screenless activity, and cultivated (5) creativity and (6) self-reflection.

CONCLUSIONS:
The poetry intervention led to statistically significant reductions in fear, sadness, anger, worry, and fatigue but not in pain. The study reveals promising results and serves as a starting point for future investigations on the therapeutic impact of poetry on hospitalized pediatric patients.
Experimental study for improving behavior of castellated steel beam using steel rings
Authors: Al-Thabhawee Hayder Wafi , Al-Hassan Abbas Ali 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCastellated beams are made from a hot rolled steel I-section in a few steps. Firstly, the web of the parent I-section is cut in a particular zigzag pattern and the two halves are reconnected by welding to form a castellated beam with hexagonal openings. In other cases, a spacer plate is placed between the two halves to produce octagonal openings, which increase the section depth. Increasing the depth by adding spacer plates leads to web-post buckling. This study focuses on improving the castellated beam to obtain high strength with relatively low cost by placing a steel ring inside the octagonal openings to strengthen the weakest part, which is its web. The results show that the steel ring is effective in strengthening the web-post.
Behavior of concrete beams internally cured with clay brick waste
Authors: Rasheed Laith Sh. , Ridha Mahmmod Laith Mohammed , Alaa Abed Alameer Sara , Thamer Abdulrasool Abdulrasool 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this research, the long-term potential cracking of normal concrete internally cured with clay brick waste as a sustainable approach was investigated. 10% and 15% volume of sand was substituted with corresponding quantity of pre-saturated clay brick waste to enhance the hydration of cement and improve properties of concrete. Four beams internally cured were compared with two control beams. The use of clay brick waste can improve the compressive and splitting tensile strength and also a significant reduction in cracks were observed. Depending on the recorded results, it is demonstrated that the exemplary percentages of clay brick waste to natural fine aggregate was found to be 15%, which developed greatest compressive and splitting tensile strength, and reduce the crack by means of flexural test.
NEED TO BELONG DAN OF MISSING OUT MAHASISWA PENGGUNA MEDIA SOSIAL INSTAGRAM
Authors: Shodiq Fajar , Kosasih Engkos , Maslihah Sri 
Published: March 2021

This research is to find the correlation between need to belong and fear of missing out in college instagram user in Bandung city. Quantitative research method used in this research with participant of 324 college student in Bandung city. The instrument in this research was using need to belong and fear of missing out scale made by Wibowo and Santika that adapted from the aspects of need to belong and fear of missing out by Baumeister and Leary for the need to belong scale, and Pryzblzski, Murayama, DeHaan, and Gladwell for measuring fear of missing out. This research made data analysis simple correlation. Result showed that there is positive correlation between need to belong and fear of missing out with adjustment of 0.327.
Genetyczne czynniki etiologiczne w zaburzeniach ze spektrum autyzmu (ASD)
Authors: Trambacz-Oleszak Sylwia , Nosulia Tetiana 
Published: March 2021

Zaburzenia ze spektrum autyzmu (ang. autism spectrum disorder, ASD) stanowią dość powszechne wczesne zaburzenia neurorozwojowe charakteryzujące się zróżnicowanym przebiegiem i objawami. Wpływa to znacząco na problematykę diagnozy i terapii. Z tego też powodu dużych możliwości diagnostycznych oraz terapeutycznych upatruje się w badaniach genetycznych. Celem niniejszej pracy poglądowej jest omówienie architektury genetycznej ASD oraz możliwych strategii terapeutycznych.
Omówiono wzorce dziedziczenia ASD, wskazano wariancje genetyczne (m.in. polimorfizmy typu CNV) oraz ukazano procent populacji osób z ASD z podziałem na poszczególne klasy mutacji genetycznych. Ukazano najważniejsze trzy podstawowe modele dziedziczenia: poligenowy, oligogenowy i genu głównego. Przedstawiono także mechanizmy molekularne i komórkowe połączone z modelami neurobiologicznymi związanymi z ASD.
Badania genetyczne ewidentnie potwierdzają różnorodność genetycznych czynników odpowiedzialnych za występowanie ASD. Systemy modelowe oparte na genach zespołu neurorozwojowego wykazują zdolność do odwrócenia pewnych deficytów nawet u dorosłych pacjentów.
Relationship between changes in body mass index during pregnancy and pregnancy rhinitis
Authors:   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia, Georgieva L. V. , Stepanova V. A. ,   Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 197022, Russia
Published: March 2021

Objective of the study: to determine the relationship between the total weight gain during pregnancy and the development of rhinitis during pregnancy. The study involved 49 pregnant women with symptoms of rhinitis during pregnancy, aged 24 to 41 years (30,4 ± 0,6 years), and 33 pregnant women without symptoms of rhinitis aged 20 to 38 years (mean age 29,7 ± 0,7 years). The study included the assessment of complaints, history taking, otorhinolaryngological examination, calculation of body mass index before pregnancy and by the time of delivery and estimation of total body weight gain during pregnancy, and follow-up study. Based on the study, statistically significant differences between body mass indexes by the time of delivery in study group and in healthy pregnant group were not revealed. However, in the group of women with pregnant rhinitis, the dynamics of body mass index (total weight gain) significantly exceeded this indicator in the control group (13,3 ± 0,9 kg and 10,5 ± 1,3 kg, respectively). Pathological weight gain during pregnancy was observed more often in women with pregnancy rhinitis who were overweight before pregnancy.
Using of Index Biological Integrity of Phytoplankton (P-IBI) in the Assessment of Water Quality in Don River Section
Authors: Bakaeva E.N , Al-Ghizzi Murooj Abbas Buhlool , Aljanabi Zahraa 
Published: March 2021

The multimetric Phytoplankton Index of Biological Integrity (P-IBI) was applied throughout Rostov on Don city (Russia) on 8 Locations in Don River from April – October 2019. The P-IBI is composed from seven metrics: Species Richness Index (SRI), Density of Phytoplankton and total biomass of phytoplankton and Relative Abundance (RA) for blue-green Algae, Green Algae, Bacillariophyceae and Euglenaphyceae Algae. The average P-IBI values fell within the range of (45.09-52.4). Therefore, water throughout the entire study area was characterized by the equally "poor" quality. Negative points of anthropogenic impact detected at the stations are: Above the city of Rostov-on-Don (1 km, higher duct Aksai) was 38.57 in June, the lower inflow of the Temernik river which was 38.57- 41.42 in summer and below the spillway was 38.57 -34.28 in August. At these stations, samples with P-IBI values more than 56, characterizing water quality as "Fair", were not found in any of the observations. The negative effect on the water at the stations may be due to the influence of the closely located Aksai city and the impact of the Temernik River. In Russia P-IBI have not been used yet, so this study can be considered as the first study that’s conducted to assess the environmental status of the Don River by using the phytoplankton index of Biological Integrity and has developed scoring criteria of the Don River (P-IBI) and other watercourses of the south of Russia. The continuous monitoring relaying on the selection of the most suitable metrics score is recommended.
The burden of musculoskeletal disorders in the countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region of the World Health Organization (EMRO): Study period 2000-2017
Authors: Dizaj Jafar Yahyavi , Soleimanifar Manijeh , Hashempour Reza , Karyani Ali Kazemi , Mohsen Fateh , Zali Morad Esmaiel , Mirzaii Hiwa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: MSK health is imperative for the active participation of an individual in society and MSK related disorders more direly affects a person's quality of life compared other non-communicable disease while it also negatively effects the health system and economy of a country. The current manuscript analyzed and describes the disease burden of MSK disorders in the EMRO region.Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study conducted based on data published by the Global Burden of Disease Database for MSK disorders up to 2017. The study target comprised population from all countries of the EMRO region of World Health Organization. The present study considered, MSK disorders such as (rheumatoid arthritis), (osteoarthritis), (Low back pain), (neck pain), (gout) and (other Musculoskeletal disorders. The DALY index was used to measure total disease burden.Results: MSK disorders in the world and in the EMRO region was ranked 5th (4% of total disease burden) and 7th (5% of total disease burden) among all diseases in 2017, respectively. Women over 30 years of age in the EMRO region had the highest risk of MSK disorders compared to other regions and in addition, the DALY lost in EMRO region due to MSK disorders was higher in women of all age categories than men. According to the results of this study, Low back pain, Other musculoskeletal disorders and Neck pain had the highest prevalence and burden of disease in the EMRO region and the world. Bahrain, Iran, and Morocco had the highest incidence of MSK DALY score in the EMRO region, and Somalia, Djibouti, and Afghanistan had the lowest incidence of MSK disorders and DALY score, respectively.Conclusion: With the increase in geriatric population and obesity especially in developing countries, consequently, more people tend to suffer from MSK disorders and it is predicted that this spike will continue in the coming decades. Taking in to account the high prevalence and burden of MSK disorders, forces government and health-policy makers to focus more on preventive cares and rehabilitation.
The Binding mechanism of Ivermectin and levosalbutamol with spike protein of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Saha Joyanta Kumar , Raihan Md. Jahir 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the binding mechanism of two FDA approved drugs (ivermectin and levosalbutamol) with the spike protein of SARs-CoV-2 using three different computational modeling techniques. Molecular docking results predict that ivermectin shows a large binding affinity for spike protein (-9.0 kcal/mol) compared to levosalbutamol (-4.1 kcal/mol). Ivermectin binds with GLN492, GLN493, GLY496 and TRY505 residues in the spike protein through hydrogen bonds and levosalbutamol binds with TYR453 and TYR505 residues. Using density functional theory (DFT) studies, we have calculated the binding energies between ivermectin and levosalbutamol with residues in spike protein which favor their binding are − 17.8 kcal/mol and − 20.08 kcal/mol, respectively. The natural bond orbital (NBO) charge analysis has been performed to estimate the amount of charge transfer that occurred by two drugs during interaction with residues. Molecular dynamics (MD) study confirms the stability of spike protein bound with ivermectin through RMSD and RMSF analyses. Three different computer modeling techniques reveal that ivermectin is more stable than levosalbutamol in the active site of spike protein where hACE2 binds. Therefore, ivermectin can be a suitable inhibitor for SARS-CoV-2 to enter into the human cell through hACE2.