bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of deep learning algorithm to detect and visualize vertebral fractures on plain frontal radiographs
Authors: Chen Hsuan-Yu , Hsu Benny Wei-Yun , Yin Yu-Kai , Lin Feng-Huei , Yang Tsung-Han , Yang Rong-Sen , Lee Chih-Kuo , Tseng Vincent S. 
Published: January 2021

Background
Identification of vertebral fractures (VFs) is critical for effective secondary fracture prevention owing to their association with the increasing risks of future fractures. Plain abdominal frontal radiographs (PARs) are a common investigation method performed for a variety of clinical indications and provide an ideal platform for the opportunistic identification of VF. This study uses a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) to identify the feasibility for the screening, detection, and localization of VFs using PARs.

Methods
A DCNN was pretrained using ImageNet and retrained with 1306 images from the PARs database obtained between August 2015 and December 2018. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were evaluated. The visualization algorithm gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) was used for model interpretation.

Results
Only 46.6% (204/438) of the VFs were diagnosed in the original PARs reports. The algorithm achieved 73.59% accuracy, 73.81% sensitivity, 73.02% specificity, and an AUC of 0.72 in the VF identification.

Conclusion
Computer driven solutions integrated with the DCNN have the potential to identify VFs with good accuracy when used opportunistically on PARs taken for a variety of clinical purposes. The proposed model can help clinicians become more efficient and economical in the current clinical pathway of fragile fracture treatment.
Identifying bedrest using waist-worn triaxial accelerometers in preschool children
Authors: Tracy J. Dustin , Donnelly Thomas , Sommer Evan C. , Heerman William J. , Barkin Shari L. , Buchowski Maciej S. 
Published: January 2021

Purpose
To adapt and validate a previously developed decision tree for youth to identify bedrest for use in preschool children.

Methods
Parents of healthy preschool (3-6-year-old) children (n = 610; 294 males) were asked to help them to wear an accelerometer for 7 to 10 days and 24 hours/day on their waist. Children with ≥3 nights of valid recordings were randomly allocated to the development (n = 200) and validation (n = 200) groups. Wear periods from accelerometer recordings were identified minute-by-minute as bedrest or wake using visual identification by two independent raters. To automate visual identification, chosen decision tree (DT) parameters (block length, threshold, bedrest-start trigger, and bedrest-end trigger) were optimized in the development group using a Nelder-Mead simplex optimization method, which maximized the accuracy of DT-identified bedrest in 1-min epochs against synchronized visually identified bedrest (n = 4,730,734). DT's performance with optimized parameters was compared with the visual identification, commonly used Sadeh’s sleep detection algorithm, DT for youth (10-18-years-old), and parental survey of sleep duration in the validation group.

Results
On average, children wore an accelerometer for 8.3 days and 20.8 hours/day. Comparing the DT-identified bedrest with visual identification in the validation group yielded sensitivity = 0.941, specificity = 0.974, and accuracy = 0.956. The optimal block length was 36 min, the threshold 230 counts/min, the bedrest-start trigger 305 counts/min, and the bedrest-end trigger 1,129 counts/min. In the validation group, DT identified bedrest with greater accuracy than Sadeh’s algorithm (0.956 and 0.902) and DT for youth (0.956 and 0.861) (both P<0.001). Both DT (564±77 min/day) and Sadeh’s algorithm (604±80 min/day) identified significantly less bedrest/sleep than parental survey (650±81 min/day) (both P<0.001).

Conclusions
The DT-based algorithm initially developed for youth was adapted for preschool children to identify time spent in bedrest with high accuracy. The DT is available as a package for the R open-source software environment (“PhysActBedRest”).
Prevalence of anemia among Saudi patients with solid cancers at diagnosis in King Faisal Hospital, Taif Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almehmadi Mazen , Salih Magdi , Elmissbah Tariq E. , Alsharif Abdulaziz , Alsiwiehri Naif , Alzahrani Khalid , Shafie Alaa , Dahlawi Haytham 
Published: January 2021

Objectives
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of anemia among patients newly diagnosed with solid malignancies at King Faisal Hospital in Taif Province, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods
A descriptive, cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted from December 2017 to March 2020. A total of 320 patients newly diagnosed with solid malignancy were examined to assess anemia prevalence.

Results
Of 320 patients with solid cancers, 245 (76.6%) were female and 75 (23.4%) were male. The median (interquartile range) age of 57 (45 ─ 66) years, range between 16 and 108 years. The types of cancer included were breast (29.1%), female genital tract (20.0%), colorectal (25.3%), head and neck (10.3%), urinary bladder (4.7%), prostate (5.0%), lung (2.5%), liver (2.2%) and lymphoma (0.9%). The prevalence of anemia at diagnosis of cancer was 44.1% across all cancer types. A higher anemia prevalence was noted in colorectal (n = 46/81, 56.8%) (p = 0.047).

Conclusion
Patients with colorectal or female genital tract cancers had a higher anemia prevalence (56.8% and 43.8%, respectively) than did patients with other cancers.
Unexpected exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis during bronchoscopy using radial probe endobronchial ultrasound
Authors: Chung Hyun Sung , Bae Soohyun , Kim Insu , Ahn Hyo Yeong , Eom Jung Seop 
Published: January 2021

Background
Bronchoscopy using radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is performed when a peripheral lung lesion (PLL) is suspected to be malignant. However, pulmonary tuberculosis is diagnosed in some patients, and healthcare workers could therefore be exposed to tuberculosis if sufficient precautions are not taken. In this study, we examined the proportion of and factors associated with unexpected exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis during bronchoscopy using radial probe EBUS.

Methods
This retrospective study included 970 patients who received bronchoscopy using radial probe EBUS between December 2015 and November 2018. Clinical, histological, radiological, and microbiological data were reviewed.

Results
Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in 31 patients (3.2%) during bronchoscopy using radial probe EBUS. Patients with a lower age were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with tuberculosis than elderly patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.951; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.924–0.978; P = 0.001). Among the various CT findings, a low HUs difference between pre- and post-enhanced CT (OR, 0.976; 95% CI, 0.955–0.996; P = 0.022), the presence of concentric cavitation (OR, 5.211; 95% CI, 1.447–18.759; P = 0.012), and the presence of satellite centrilobular nodules (OR, 22.925; 95% CI, 10.556–49.785; P < 0.001) were independently associated with diagnosis of tuberculosis.

Conclusions
The proportion of unexpected exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis during bronchoscopy using radial probe EBUS was 3.2%. A higher risk was independently associated with a younger age and CT findings of a small difference in HUs between pre- and post-enhancement images, concentric cavitation, and the presence of a satellite centrilobular nodule.
Pembentukan Pengadilan Agraria dalam Penyelesaian Sengketa Pertanahan Di Indonesia
Authors: Saraswati Cindy Nabila , Winanti Atik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe background of this research is due to the high number of land disputes in Indonesia that have not been resolved by the District Courts and State Administrative Courts. Land dispute cases that have not been resolved and are still in the process of being resolved result in the absence of legal certainty and expediency to the disputing parties over the status of the disputed land.This journal writing focuses on the role of the District Courts and State Administrative Courts in resolving land disputes in Indonesia and the urgency of establishing a special agrarian court to realize legal certainty and benefits.The research method used in writing this journal is juridical normative through a conceptual approach and a statutory approach. The results of this research is that the District Courts and State Administrative Courts have not been able to resolve existing land disputes optimally, this can be seen from the very high percentage of land disputes and it is necessary to establish an Agrarian Court as a Special Court that will resolve land disputes in Indonesia, a judgement issued by a Agrarian Court will provide more legal certainty and expediency to the disputing parties.Keyword: Agrarian Court, Special Court, Land Disputes, Legal Certainty, Expediency. AbstrakLatar belakang dilakukannya penelitian ini dikarenakan tingginya angka sengketa pertanahan di Indonesia yang belum terselesaikan oleh Pengadilan Negeri dan Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara. Kasus sengketa pertanahan yang belum terselesaikan dan masih dalam proses penyelesaian mengakibatkan tidak adanya kepastian hukum dan kemanfaatan hukum kepada para pihak yang bersengketa atas status tanah yang dipersengketakan. Penulisan jurnal ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran Pengadilan Negeri dan Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN) dalam mengatasi sengketa pertanahan di Indonesia dan urgensi pembentukan pengadilan khusus agraria untuk mewujudkan kepastian dan kemanfaatan hukum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan jurnal ini adalah yuridis normatif melalui pendekatan pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan perundang-undangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa Pegadilan Tata Usaha Negara dan Pengadilan Negeri belum bisa menyelesaikan sengketa pertanahan yang ada secara optimal hal ini terlihat dari presentase angka sengketa pertanahan masih sangat tinggi, dan diperlukan adanya pembentukan Pengadilan Agraria sebagai Pengadilan Khusus yang akan menyelesaikan sengketa pertanahan di Indonesia, putusan yang dikeluarkan oleh pengadilan khusus pertanahan akan lebih memberi kepastian hukum dan kemanfaatkan hukum kepada pihak yang bersengketa.Kata kunci: Pengadilan Agraria, Pengadilan Khusus, Sengketa Pertanahan, Kepastian Hukum, Kemanfaatan Hukum.
Surface passivation of germanium by atomic layer deposited Al2O3 nanolayers
Authors: Berghuis Wilhelmus J. H. , Melskens Jimmy , Macco Bart , Theeuwes Roel J. , Verheijen Marcel A. , Kessels Wilhelmus M. M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSurfaces of semiconductors are notorious for the presence of electronic defects such that passivation approaches are required for optimal performance of (opto)electronic devices. For Ge, thin films of Al2O3 prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) can induce surface passivation; however, no extensive study on the effect of the Al2O3 process parameters has been reported. In this work we have investigated the influence of the Al2O3 thickness (1–44 nm), substrate temperature (50–350 °C), and post-deposition anneal (in N2, up to 600 °C). We demonstrated that an effective surface recombination velocity as low as 170 cm s−1 can be achieved. The role of the GeOx interlayer as well as the presence of interface charges was addressed and a fixed charge density $${Q}_{\mathrm{f}}=$$

Q
f

=

−(1.8 ± 0.5) × 1012 cm−2 has been found. The similarities and differences between the passivation of Ge and Si surfaces by ALD Al2O3 prepared under the same conditions are discussed.
Graphic Abstract
PENERAPAN PASAL 178 AYAT (2) HIR DALAM PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH SYAR’IYAH ACEH NOMOR 45/PDT.G/2017/MS.ACEH TENTANG CERAI TALAK
Authors: Hidayatullah H , Hamnach Burhanuddin 
Published: January 2021

The judiciary is organized into two levels, the first level of justice is Religious Court/Syar'iyah Court, and the court of appeal is the Religious High Court/Provincial Syar'iyah Court. These two trials are referred to as judex facti. The judex facti function is carried out through several stages, is: formulating facts, looking for cause and effect relationships and figuring out probabilities. So, the background of this research is related to the application of judex facti in Aceh Syar'iyah Court. Based on the analysis of the data carried out, it is concluded that the Judex Facti of the Aceh Syar'iyah Court in trying and deciding divorce case Number 45/Pdt.G/2017/MS.Aceh has tried to apply in accordance with the principles of law and legislation in force. That is in the ruling the Aceh Syar'iyah Court panel of judges had given maximum consideration to the reasons for the comparison in filing an appeal. However, there are still shortcomings and anomalies related to the reasons for the comparison in submitting a request so that the 10-grand dowry that has not been paid in full is not granted by the panel of judges of the Syar'iyah Court. Because of this, the judiciary of the Aceh Syar'iyah Court was judged to have shortcomings and was not optimal in applying the law. Although in authority the panel of judges may not grant the demands of the comparator as long as they do not conflict with applicable laws and regulations. If judged from the whole, the judex facti of the Aceh Syar'iyah Court has implemented it in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations.
Entre expérience et doctrine
Authors: THIBON Jean-Jacques 
Published: January 2021

Notre réflexion se base sur un échange poétique qui, selon la présentation rapportée par Sulamī (m. 412/1021) dans ses Ṭabaqāt al-ṣūfiyya, met en scène Nūrī (m. 295/907), Ǧunayd (m. 297/910) et Šiblī (m. 334/946), trois figures majeures du soufisme bagdadien primitif. À partir d’un prétexte, la maladie qui frappe les deux premiers personnages, le motif de l’épreuve qui est nodal dans l’architecture doctrinale du soufisme, est traité de trois manières différentes, à l’aide de la prose ou de la poésie par chacun des protagonistes, illustration d’une controverse feutrée. Nous interrogeons les usages de la prose et de la poésie dans ces discours et leurs relations avec l’expérieence mystique et les formulations doctrinales. Après avoir présenté ces fragments poétiques, nous devrons tenter d’expliciter des contenus, abscons de prime abord. Ensuite, nous envisagerons les raisons du choix de ces divers modes d’expression, afin de mieux cerner l’un des usages de la poésie pour les soufis: à savoir rendre compte de l’expérience spirituelle. Le propos est finalement de tenter de retrouver le noyau primitif autour duquel le ḫabar s’est développé, et les temporalités successives qui le composent.
Influence of genetic characteristics of Helicobacter pylori on pathomorphology of gastric mucosa in young persons with chronic gastritis
Authors: Spivak E. M. , Manyakina O. M. , Akkuratova-Maksimova I. S. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. To evaluate the effect of the genetic characteristics of Helicobacter pylori on the nature of pathomorphological disorders in the gastric mucosa in chronic Hp-associated gastritis in young people.
Material and methods. Forty-two adults (25 men and 17 women) aged 19 to 40 years with Hp-associated chronic gastritis were examined. The severity and activity of inflammation, as well as the presence of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were determined in gastrobioptates. Genetic typing of Hp was performed for 16 pathogenicity factors of infect: CagA, CagM, CagT, CagH, CagC, CagF, CagE, VacAs1 and As2, IceA, Baba; HpaA; OipA, AlpB; UreB and UreI using polymerase chain reaction.
Results. Pathogenic Hp strains were detected in 59.5 % of patients. Factors of adhesion HpaA (83.3 %), OipA (81 %), and AlpB (83.3 %) were identified with the highest frequency. In 57.1 % of cases, cytotoxin of the Cag group was detected, and 54.8 % of patients had a positive CagA-status. The VacA S1 allele was registered in 73.8 %, VacA S2 in 4.8 %, IceA in 38.1 %, and BabA in 45.2 % of cases. The presence of Hp strains in the gastric mucosa, which have three or more pathogenicity island genes, significantly increases the severity and activity of the inflammatory process, revealing signs of moderate atrophy of the digestive tract and intestinal metaplasia.
Conclusions. Colonization of the gastric mucosa in young patients with Hp-associated chronic gastritis by highly pathogenic Hp strains leads to severe violations of its morphology.
Contribution of changes in iron metabolism in pathogenesis of chronic diffuse liver diseases
Authors: Shchekotova A. P. , Bulatova I. A. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. To assess the role of iron metabolism changes in the pathogenesis of chronic diffuse liver diseases (CDLD). Assessment of the hepatic fibrosis progression and the most significant factors, influencing it, is still an actual target of modern medicine. A certain interest from the point of view of complex approach to studying the mechanism of development and progression of fibrosis is the determination of serum markers of iron metabolism.
Materials and methods. The study included 170 patients with CDLD: 150 with chronic viral hepatitis C and 20 with alcohol hepatic cirrhosis (AHC). Iron metabolism indices and functional hepatic biochemical tests were studied. Expression of hepatic fibrosis in hepatitis was estimated by means of the liver density index with the scale METAVIR using the data of ultrasound elastography (Fibroscan 502, Echosens, France); fibrosis development rate was calculated with T. Poynard method. The control group enclosed 100 persons.
Results. There was revealed a significant elevation of the blood ferritin concentration among patients with chronic hepatitis up to 107.9 [31; 250] ng/ml compared with the control (22.0 [11; 33] ng/ml) and to 325.8 [209; 401] ng/ml in patients with AHC.
Conclusions. Progression of fibrosis into cirrhosis in patients with CDLD is interconnected with iron metabolism disorders in the form of increased ferritin concentration, which correlates with the parameters of liver lesion severity that confirms a direct involvement of iron metabolism disorders in CDLD pathogenesis.
Pregnancy management tactics in fetal hemolytic disease. Literature review
Authors: Fedchenko M. V. , Maslennikova Yu. S. 
Published: January 2021

Hemolytic disease of the fetus is one of the types of pathological abnormalities in the development of the fetus, the reason of which is isoimmune hemolytic anemia. Depending on the degree of severity of this pathology, it can influence the development of the fetus both in a mild form, practically leaving no trace and in a severe form, which can cause fetal death.
When carrying out a timely diagnostic research to detect this pathology, tactics of pregnancy management should differ, that will allow maintaining of pregnancy and ensure normal development of the fetus just until the moment of childbirth. To determine the tactics, which will be used during pregnancy management, it is necessary to identify not only the symptoms of hemolytic diseases of the fetus but its degree as well. Depending on the degree of severity of this disease, the activities will differ. If the disease is developing in a mild form, a pregnant woman is thoroughly observed and repeatedly diagnosed; if it is a severe form, intrauterine fetal blood transfusions are regularly conducted. The tactics of managing pregnancy with the detected fetal hemolytic disease will differ from the standard one and its right choice will ensure normal development of the fetus and term labor with minimum risks for both a mother and a child.
Diastolic function of left ventricle and importance of tissue doppler echocardiography in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus after coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Magerramova L. I. 
Published: January 2021

Objective. To analyze the influence of coronary artery bypass grafting CABG) on the diastolic function DF) in patients with coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus with the preserved systolic function of the left ventricle LV) using tissue myocardial Doppler echocardiography TMD). The increase in the number of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus type 2 DM) is one of the causes of a constant growth of the quantity of patients with coronary artery disease CAD). Taking into account the character of vascular bed lesion in patients with type 2 DM, revascularization of myocardium is significant for CAD treatment in this group of patients.
Materials and methods. The study included 122 patients diagnosed coronary artery disease mean age 58.8 0.7 years, men 81.1 %), who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. The patients were divided into two groups: group 152 patients with CAD without type 2 DM; group 270 patients with CAD and type 2 DM. To assesss the diastolic function using pulse-wave Dollper PWD), there were estimated the velocity and time characteristics of the transmitral blood flow by means of TMD myocardium movement velocity at the level of the mitral valve fibrous ring.
Results. The quantity of the detected patients with diastolic dysfunction DD) when using both PWD and TMD with type 2 DM 85.7 %, without type 2 DM 65.3 %) in both groups was higher compared with PWD applied alone with type 2 DM 77.3 %, without type 2 DM 59.6 %) p 0.001).
Conclusions. Among CAD patients with preserved systolic function of the left ventricle, who underwent CABG and have type 2 DM, the use of both PWD and TMD is more preferable for revealing DD and dynamic postoperative observation.
Do Lung surfactant proteins play a role in severity of bronchiolitis
Authors: Biswal Niranjan , Poorna Rudhan Rachel 
Published: January 2021

Bronchiolitis is a common respiratory viral infection in children under 2 years of age. The Surfactant Protein A and D (SP A and SP D) are collagen containing lectin (collectins) help in controlling pulmonary infections, inflammations; and allergies. Thus, these collectins might play a major role in severe bronchiolitis.Thirty (n=30) severe and thirty (n=30) non-severe clinically diagnosed bronchiolitis infants with age and gender matched were recruited. The serum levels of SP A and SP D was quantified using ELISA.The SP A levels were significantly reduced in severe cases (0.16ng/L ± 0.0028) compared to non-severe cases (0.17ng/L ± 0.0009) (p &#60;0.0001) and SP D levels were significantly higher in severe cases (0.12ng/ml ± 0.001) compared to non-severe cases (0.10ng/ml ± 0.043) (p &#60;0.05).Reduced level of SP-A and the elevated level of SP-D was associated with severe pulmonary inflammation and infection in bronchiolitis. Thus variation in levels of SP-A and SP D might play a major role in the pathogenesis of severe bronchiolitis.