bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid morphologic changes to microglial cells and upregulation of mixed microglial activation state markers induced by P2X7 receptor stimulation and increased intraocular pressure
Authors: Campagno Keith E. , Lu Wennan , Jassim Assraa Hassan , Albalawi Farraj , Cenaj Aurora , Tso Huen-Yee , Clark Sophia P. , Sripinun Puttipong , Gómez Néstor Más , Mitchell Claire H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The identification of endogenous signals that lead to microglial activation is a key step in understanding neuroinflammatory cascades. As ATP release accompanies mechanical strain to neural tissue, and as the P2X7 receptor for ATP is expressed on microglial cells, we examined the morphological and molecular consequences of P2X7 receptor stimulation in vivo and in vitro and investigated the contribution of the P2X7 receptor in a model of increased intraocular pressure (IOP).

Methods
In vivo experiments involved intravitreal injections and both transient and sustained elevation of IOP. In vitro experiments were performed on isolated mouse retinal and brain microglial cells. Morphological changes were quantified in vivo using Sholl analysis. Expression of mRNA for M1- and M2-like genes was determined with qPCR. The luciferin/luciferase assay quantified retinal ATP release while fura-2 indicated cytoplasmic calcium. Microglial migration was monitored with a Boyden chamber.

Results
Sholl analysis of Iba1-stained cells showed retraction of microglial ramifications 1 day after injection of P2X7 receptor agonist BzATP into mouse retinae. Mean branch length of ramifications also decreased, while cell body size and expression of Nos2, Tnfa, Arg1, and Chil3 mRNA increased. BzATP induced similar morphological changes in ex vivo tissue isolated from Cx3CR1+/GFP mice, suggesting recruitment of external cells was unnecessary. Immunohistochemistry suggested primary microglial cultures expressed the P2X7 receptor, while functional expression was demonstrated with Ca2+ elevation by BzATP and block by specific antagonist A839977. BzATP induced process retraction and cell body enlargement within minutes in isolated microglial cells and increased Nos2 and Arg1. While ATP increased microglial migration, this required the P2Y12 receptor and not P2X7 receptor. Transient elevation of IOP led to microglial process retraction, cell body enlargement, and gene upregulation paralleling changes observed with BzATP injection, in addition to retinal ATP release. Pressure-dependent changes were reduced in P2X7−/− mice. Death of retinal ganglion cells accompanied increased IOP in C57Bl/6J, but not P2X7−/− mice, and neuronal loss showed some association with microglial activation.

Conclusions
P2X7 receptor stimulation induced rapid morphological activation of microglial cells, including process retraction and cell body enlargement, and upregulation of markers linked to both M1- and M2-type activation. Parallel responses accompanied IOP elevation, suggesting ATP release and P2X7 receptor stimulation influence the early microglial response to increased pressure.
Dentition and body condition: tooth wear as a correlate of weight loss in roe deer
Authors: Chirichella Roberta , De Marinis Anna Maria , Pokorny Boštjan , Apollonio Marco 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
In many mammalian species, once the permanent teeth have erupted, the only change to dentition is a gradual loss of tooth surface/height through wear. The crown of the teeth cannot be repaired once worn. When dental crown tissue has been depleted due to wear, the animal is expected to have a suboptimal body condition. We evaluated the role of tooth wear in causing a reduction of physical condition in adult roe deer females (Capreolus capreolus).

Results
The progressive wearing of the lower cheek teeth was assessed in a Northern Apennines (Italy) population with a new scoring scheme based on objectively described tooth characteristics (morphotypes) being either present or absent. Eviscerated body mass and mandible length, which is a good proxy for body size in roe deer, were related to the tooth wear score by the use of linear regressions. The sum of wear scores for molariform teeth correlated most strongly with body condition (i.e., eviscerated body mass/mandible length), showing the importance of the entire chewing surface for acquiring energy by food comminution, chewing, and digestion. In comparison with individuals of comparable size experiencing minor tooth wear, the body mass of those with the most advanced stage of tooth wear was decreased by 33.7%. This method was compared to the height and the hypsodonty index of the first molar, the most commonly used indices of tooth wear. The sum of molariform wear scoring scheme resulted in a more suitable index to describe the variation in body condition of roe deer.

Conclusions
Describing tooth wear patterns in hunted populations and monitoring at which tooth wear level (and therefore dental morphotype) an animal is no longer able to sustain its physical condition (i.e. when it begins to lose body mass) can be a useful tool for improving the management of the most widespread and abundant deer species in Europe. At the same time, such an approach can clarify the role of tooth wear as a proximate cause of senescence in ungulates.
Antibiotic calcium sulfate-loaded hybrid transport versus traditional Ilizarov bone transport in the treatment of large tibial defects after trauma
Authors: Huang Qiang , Ren Cheng , Li Ming , Xu YiBo , Li Zhong , Lin Hua , Zhang Kun , Ma Teng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare the clinical effects of antibiotic calcium sulfate-loaded hybrid transport (ACSLHT) and traditional Ilizarov bone transport (TIBT) in the treatment of large tibial defects after trauma.MethodsEighty-five patients with large tibial defects after trauma were selected for retrospective study. The range of tibial defects was 6–22 cm. After thorough debridement and infection controlled, bone transport technique was used to reconstruct tibial defects. Forty-four patients were treated with ACSLHT technique (the ACSLHT group), while the other 41 were treated with TIBT technique (the TIBT group). Time in external fixator was evaluated by EFI score. Enneking score was used to evaluate limb functions. SAS score was used to evaluate postoperative anxiety status. In addition, complication incidence was compared, including axis deviation, docking site nonunion, infection recurrence and so on.ResultsThere was no significant difference in preoperative general data between ACSLHT and TIBT group. EFI score in ACSLHT and TIBT group was 0.6 ± 0.1 cm/month and 1.7 ± 0.3 cm/month, respectively (P < 0.05). Enneking score of ACSLHT and TIBT group was 86.5% and 75.1% (P < 0.05). SAS score of ACSLHT group was significantly lower than that of TIBT group (P < 0.05). Complication incidence in ACSLHT group was significantly lower than that in TIBT group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsCompared with TIBT group, ACSLHT group had shorter time in external fixator, better limb functions, lower postoperative anxiety score and lower complication incidence which is worth of clinical promotion.
Surgical outcomes of one-stage resection for synchronous multiple primary lung adenocarcinomas with no less than three lesions
Authors: Qu Rirong , Tu Dehao , Ping Wei , Cai Yixin , Zhang Ni , Fu Xiangning 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
More and more synchronous multiple primary lung adenocarcinomas (SMPLA) have been diagnosed and surgical treatment has become the mainstay of treatment for them, but there are few reports on the surgical outcome of patients with ≥ 3 lesions who underwent surgical resection. Therefore, we summarized and analyzed the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of these patients, hoping to provide some experience in the diagnosis and treatment.

Methods
Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with ≥ 3 lesions who have been diagnosed as SMPLA and underwent surgical resection in our hospital from March 2015 to July 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results
Twenty-eight patients, 20 females and 8 males, with a mean age of 57.7 ± 5.69 (45–76) years, were finally included. A total of 95 lesions, 86.4% were ground-glass opacity (GGO) lesions (pure-GGO,45.3%; mixed-GGO,41.1%); 51 lesions had EGFR mutations and the mutation rate of invasive adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than that of other pathological subtypes (P < 0.001); the mutation rate of mGGO was also significantly higher than that of pGGO and solid nodule (SN) (P < 0.05). Four and 24 patients respectively underwent bilateral and unilateral surgical resection. The surgical procedure was mainly sublobar resection, and no severe postoperative complications or deaths occurred. After a median follow-up time of 32.2 months, the rates of overall survival and disease-free survival at 3 years were 94.7% and 88.9%, respectively.

Conclusions
For SMPLA with ≥ 3 lesions, one-stage resection may be safe and feasible, and surgical procedure was mainly sublobar resection as far as possible, which can yield satisfactory prognosis. EGFR mutation testing should be used routinely in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with SMPLA, especially in the presence of mGGO and invasive adenocarcinoma.
Splice-variant specific effects of a CACNA1H mutation associated with writer’s cramp
Authors: Souza Ivana A. , Gandini Maria A. , Zamponi Gerald W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe CACNA1H gene encodes the α1 subunit of the low voltage-activated Cav3.2 T-type calcium channel, an important regulator of neuronal excitability. Alternative mRNA splicing can generate multiple channel variants with distinct biophysical properties and expression patterns. Two major splice variants, containing or lacking exon 26 (± 26) have been found in different human tissues. In this study, we report splice variant specific effects of a Cav3.2 mutation found in patients with autosomal dominant writer’s cramp, a specific type of focal dystonia. We had previously reported that the R481C missense mutation caused a gain of function effect when expressed in Cav3.2 (+ 26) by accelerating its recovery from inactivation. Here, we show that when the mutation is expressed in the short variant of the channel (− 26), we observe a significant increase in current density when compared to wild-type Cav3.2 (− 26) but the effect on the recovery from inactivation is lost. Our data add to growing evidence that the functional expression of calcium channel mutations depends on which splice variant is being examined.
The TEAM instrument for measuring emergency team performance: validation of the Swedish version at two emergency departments
Authors: Karlgren Klas , Dahlström Anders , Birkestam Anderz , Drevstam Norling Annelie , Forss Gustav , Andersson Franko Mikael , Cooper Simon , Leijon Thomas , Paulsson Charlotta 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) questionnaire is designed for rating the non-technical performance of emergency medical teams during emergencies, e.g., resuscitation or trauma management. Originally developed in Australia it has today been translated and validated into eleven languages, but a Swedish version is lacking. The aim was therefore to cross-culturally translate and evaluate the reliability and validity of the TEAM questionnaire in a Swedish health care setting.

Methods
The instrument was forward and backward translated and adapted into a Swedish context according to established guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of survey-based measures. The translated version was tested through 78 pairwise assessments of 39 high-priority codes at the emergency departments of two major hospitals. The raters observed the teams at work in real time and filled in the questionnaires immediately afterwards independently of each other. Psychometric properties of the instrument were evaluated.

Results
The original instrument was translated by pairs of translators independently of each other and reviewed by an expert committee of researchers, nurses and physicians from different specialties, a linguist and one of the original developers of the tool. A few adaptations were needed for the Swedish context. A principal component factor analysis confirmed a single ‘teamwork’ construct in line with the original instrument. The Swedish version showed excellent reliability with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.955 and a mean inter-item correlation of 0.691. The mean item-scale correlation of 0.82 indicated high internal consistency reliability. Inter-rater reliability was measured by intraclass correlation and was 0.74 for the global score indicating good reliability. Individual items ranged between 0.52 and 0.88. No floor effects but ceiling effects were noted. Finally, teams displaying clear closed-loop communication had higher TEAM scores than teams with less clear communication.

Conclusions
Real time observations of authentic, high priority cases at two emergency departments show that the Swedish version of the TEAM instrument has good psychometric properties for evaluating team performance. The TEAM instrument is thus a welcome tool for assessing non-technical skills of emergency medical teams.
[123I]MIBG is a better early marker of anthracycline cardiotoxicity than [18F]FDG: a preclinical SPECT/CT and simultaneous PET/MR study
Authors: Oudot Alexandra , Courteau Alan , Guillemin Mélanie , Vrigneaud Jean-Marc , Walker Paul Michael , Brunotte François , Cochet Alexandre , Collin Bertrand 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
During anthracycline treatment of cancer, there is a lack for biomarkers of cardiotoxicity besides the cardiac dysfunction. The objective of the present study was to compare [18F]FDG and [123I]MIBG (metaiodobenzylguanidine) in a longitudinal study in a doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity rat model.

Methods
Male Wistar Han rats were intravenously administered 3 times at 10 days’ interval with saline or doxorubicin (5 mg/kg). [123I]MIBG SPECT/CT (single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography) and simultaneous [18F]FDG PET (positron emission tomography)/7 Tesla cardiac MR (magnetic resonance) imaging acquisitions were performed at 24 h interval before first doxorubicin / saline injection and every 2 weeks during 6 weeks. At 6 weeks, the heart tissue was collected for histomorphometry measurements.

Results
At week 4, left ventricle (LV) end-diastolic volume was significantly reduced in the doxorubicin group. At week 6, the decreased LV end-diastolic volume was maintained, and LV end-systolic volume was increased resulting in a significant reduction of LV ejection fraction (47 ± 6% vs. 70 ± 3%). At weeks 4 and 6, but not at week 2, myocardial [18F]FDG uptake was decreased compared with the control group (respectively, 4.2 ± 0.5%ID/g and 9.2 ± 0.8%ID/g at week 6). Moreover, [18F]FDG cardiac uptake correlated with cardiac function impairment. In contrast, from week 2, a significant decrease of myocardial [123I]MIBG heart to mediastinum ratio was detected in the doxorubicin group and was maintained at weeks 4 and 6 with a 45.6% decrease at week 6.

Conclusion
This longitudinal study precises that after doxorubicin treatment, cardiac [123I]MIBG uptake is significantly reduced as early as 2 weeks followed by the decrease of the LV end-diastolic volume and [18F]FDG uptake at 4 weeks and finally by the increase of LV end-systolic volume and decrease of LV ejection fraction at 6 weeks. Cardiac innervation imaging should thus be considered as an early key feature of anthracycline cardiac toxicity.
Efficient 3-hydroxypropionic acid production by Acetobacter sp. CIP 58.66 through a feeding strategy based on pH control
Authors: de Fouchécour Florence , Lemarchand Anaïs , Spinnler Henry-Éric , Saulou-Bérion Claire 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcetic acid bacteria (AAB) can selectively oxidize diols into their corresponding hydroxyacids. Notably, they can convert 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO) into 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP), which is a promising building-block. Until now, 3-HP production with AAB is carried out in batch and using resting cells at high cell densities (up to 10 g L−1 of cell dry weight). This approach is likely limited by detrimental accumulation of the intermediate 3-hydroxypropanal (3-HPA). Herein, we investigate an alternative implementation that allows highly efficient 3-HP production with lower cell densities of growing cells and that prevents 3-HPA accumulation. First, growth and 3-HP production of Acetobacter sp. CIP 58.66 were characterized with 1,3-PDO or glycerol as growth substrate. The strain was then implemented in a bioreactor, during a sequential process where it was first cultivated on glycerol, then the precursor 1,3-PDO was continuously supplied at a varying rate, easily controlled by the pH control. Different pH set points were tested (5.0, 4.5, and 4.0). This approach used the natural resistance of acetic acid bacteria to acidic conditions. Surprisingly, when pH was controlled at 5.0, the performances achieved in terms of titer (69.76 g3-HP L−1), mean productivity (2.80 g3-HP L−1 h−1), and molar yield (1.02 mol3-HP mol−11,3-PDO) were comparable to results obtained with genetically improved strains at neutral pH. The present results were obtained with comparatively lower cell densities (from 0.88 to 2.08 g L−1) than previously reported. This feeding strategy could be well-suited for future scale-up, since lower cell densities imply lower process costs and energy needs.
β-adrenergic receptor inhibition enhances oncolytic herpes virus propagation through STAT3 activation in gastric cancer
Authors: Hu Jiali , Lu Ruitao , Zhang Yu , Li Wei , Hu Qian , Chen Cuiyu , Liu Zhaoqian , Zhang Wei , Chen Ling , Xu Ran , Luo Jia , McLeod Howard L. , He Yijing 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are considered a promising therapeutic alternative for cancer. However, OVs could activate the host innate immunity, then impair the viral propagation in tumor cells. In this study, we explored the effect of propranolol, a non-selective β-blocker, on the antitumor efficacy of T1012G virus in gastric cancer models.

Methods
The proliferation of gastric cancer cells treated with monotherapy or combination treatment was detected by CCK8 cell proliferation assay. The effect of propranolol was further evaluated by in vitro viral replication assays. In vivo tumor xenograft experiments were used to observe the effect of combination therapy on gastric cancer growth in mice. The expression levels of viral proteins and interferon responsive genes were detected in the gastric cancer cell lines treated with combined treatment by western blot. The impact of propranolol on IFN-α/β-mediated inhibition of viral propagation and the expression of antiviral gene PKR was detected by viral replication assays and western blot.

Results
Cell viability assay detected a 97.9% decrease of T1012G IC50 in HGC-27 when it was pretreated with propranolol along with a sevenfold increase of virus titers compared with T1012G only group (P < 0.001). Moreover, propranolol pretreatment caused sustained tumor regression (335.3 ± 36.92 mm3 vs. 1118 ± 210.0 mm3, P < 0.01) and enhanced the viral propagation (fourfold increase, P < 0.01) compared with T1012G only group. Propranolol pretreatment significantly enhanced the p-STAT3 (2.9-fold, P < 0.05) and suppressed p-PKR (65.94% ± 10.11%, P < 0.05) compared with T1012G only group. In addition, propranolol could counteract IFN-α/β-mediated inhibition of viral propagation (compared with IFNα: 5.1-fold, P < 0.001; IFNβ: 4.6-fold, P < 0.01) or enhancement of PKR activation (IFNα: 92.57% ± 1.77%, P < 0.001, IFNβ: 99.34% ± 0.13% decrease, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
In summary, β-blocker pretreatment could improve the propagation and therapeutic efficacy of T1012G in human gastric cancer by regulating STAT3-PKR signaling cascade, even in the presence of type I IFNs. These data support new strategies of improving the efficacy of OVs in gastric cancer.
Development and preliminary evaluation of Chinese School-aged Children’s Eating Behavior Scale
Authors: Zhang Hao , Jiang Xun , Zhang Yu-hai , Yuan Jing , Tan Zhi-jun , Xu Tong , Shang Lei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The objective of this study was to develop a scale to assess eating behaviors of school-aged children (6–12 years old) in China.

Methods
To develop the scale, a literature review and qualitative interviews were conducted. The draft scale contained 115 items and went through three evaluations among three groups of caregivers (n = 140, 400, 700) selected from suburban and urban kindergartens in Xi’an, Hanzhong, and Yanan, China, from March 2017 to October 2018. The psychometric properties of the scale were assessed using exploratory, confirmatory factor analysis, and variability analysis.

Results
The final scale consisted of 46 items across eight dimensions including food fussiness, satiety responsiveness, food responsiveness, bad eating habits, susceptible diet, restrained eating, enjoyment of food, and junk food addiction. The total cumulative variance contribution rate was 52.16%. The scale and dimensions' Cronbach’s α coefficients, Guttman split-half reliability, and test- retest reliability were all above 0.65. The fitting indices for the confirmatory factor analysis were all close to 1. The scores for education of caregiver, family structure, and the body mass index of children were different among dimensions and groups, thus suggesting good discriminative utility.

Conclusions
All of the results indicated that the scale has good reliability and construct validity for evaluating the eating behaviors of school-aged children in China.
Instructional changes instigated by university faculty during the COVID-19 pandemic: the effect of individual, course and institutional factors
Authors: Lee Jihyun , Jung Insung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate instructional changes made by faculty for emergency online teaching necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic, and hence to explore key factors related to those changes from an ecological systems perspective. Data on various individual, course, and institutional factors and instructional change variables were collected from 201 educators at higher education institutions. Results revealed that the level of instructional changes made by faculty was on average between substituting their existing course for an online one with some functional improvement (augmentation-level 3) and critical course redesign (modification-level 4), but that educators did not reach the level of the creation of new tasks which were previously inconceivable (redefinition-level 5). The biggest instructional change was found to be in teaching behaviors, followed by technology use, with only small changes in beliefs about online teaching. Factors that most highly correlated with instructional change were individual educators’ technology acceptance and innovation propensity, media synchronicity of the course, and the fidelity of institutional support. Recommendations are provided to aid strategic coping by universities facing a major crisis, with insights that may ultimately improve the quality of higher education in non-crisis contexts.