bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of the cosmic distance duality relation using Gaussian process
Authors: Mukherjee Purba , Mukherjee Ankan 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two types of distance measurement are important in cosmological observations, the angular diameter distance dA and the luminosity distance dL. In this work, we carried out an assessment of the theoretical relation between these two distance measurements, namely the cosmic distance–duality relation, from type Ia supernova (SN-Ia) data, the cosmic chronometer (CC) Hubble parameter data, and baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) data using Gaussian Process (GP). The luminosity distance curve and the angular diameter distance curve are extracted from the SN-Ia data and the combination of BAO and CC data, respectively, using the GP. The distance duality relation is checked by a non-parametric reconstruction using the reconstructed H, dL, and the volume-averaged distance Dv. We compare the results obtained for different choices of the covariance function employed in the GP. It is observed that the theoretical distance duality relation is in well agreement with the present analysis in 2σ for the overlapping redshift domain 0 ≤ z ≤ 2 of the reconstruction.
Implications of feebly interacting dark sector on neutron star properties and constraints from GW170817
Authors: Sen Debashree , Guha Atanu 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We investigate the effect of feeble interaction of dark matter (DM) with hadronic matter on the equation of state (EoS) and structural properties of neutron stars (NSs) in static conditions. For the purpose, we adopt the effective chiral model for the hadronic sector and for the first time in the context of possible existence of DM inside NSs, we introduce the DM–SM interaction through light new physics mediator. Moreover, the mass of DM fermion, the mediator and the coupling are adopted from the self-interaction constraint from Bullet cluster and from present day relic abundance. Within the considered framework, the work highlights the underlying stiffening of EoS in the presence of DM fermion of mass of the order of a few GeV compared to the no-DM scenario. Consequently, the maximum gravitational mass of NS is obtained consistent with the bounds from the most massive pulsars that were not satisfied with the hadronic matter EoS alone. The estimates of radius and tidal deformability of 1.4-M⊙ NS and the tidal deformabilities of the individual components of the binary neutron stars (BNS) associated with GW170817 are all in good agreement with the individual constraints obtained from GW170817 observation of BNS merger.
Morpho-kinematics of the circumstellar envelope of the AGB star R Dor: a global view
Authors: Nhung P T , Hoai D T , Tuan-Anh P , Darriulat P , Diep P N , Ngoc N B , Phuong N T , Thai T T 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We analyse new ALMA observations of the 29SiO (ν = 0, J = 8–7) and SO2 (ν = 0, 343,31−342,32) line emissions of the circumstellar envelope (CSE) of the oxygen-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star, R Dor. With a spatial resolution of ∼2.3 au, the observations cover distances below ∼30 au from the star providing a link between earlier observations and clarifying some open issues. The main conclusions are the following. (i) Rotation is confined below ∼15 au from the star, with velocity reaching a maximum below 10 au and morphology showing no significant disc-like flattening. (ii) In the south-eastern quadrant, a large Doppler velocity gas stream is studied in more detail than previously possible and its possible association with an evaporating planetary companion is questioned. (iii) A crude evaluation of the respective contributions of rotation, expansion and turbulence to the morpho-kinematics is presented. Significant line broadening occurs below ∼12 au from the star and causes the presence of high Doppler velocity components near the line of sight pointing to the centre of the star. (iv) Strong absorption of the continuum emission of the stellar disc and its immediate dusty environment is observed to extend beyond the disc in the form of self-absorption. The presence of a cold SiO layer extending up to some 60 au from the star is shown to be the cause. (v) Line emissions from SO, 28SiO, CO and HCN molecules are used to probe the CSE up to some 100 au from the star, revealing the presence of two broad back-to-back outflows, the morphology of which is studied in finer detail than in earlier work.
Varieties of Secularity
Authors: Zemmin Florian 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Modern societies in the Middle East have been shaped by processes of secularization, leading to a state of secularity on two levels: structural differentiations and conceptual distinctions between religion and the secular. Overt promotion of secularism failed to gain wider societal acceptance, especially among those who perceive a tension or contradiction between secularity and Islam. While some scholars share this view, recent works point out conceptual distinctions between the religious and the secular in Islam. After a snapshot of scholarly approaches, this chapter attends first to structural differentiations and then to conceptual distinctions of secularity. It largely focuses on the formative period of modernity but also adds a historical and contemporary dimension. Acknowledging the hegemony of colonial powers in configuring secularity both historically and conceptually, but highlighting Islamic variations and precolonial resources of secularity in the Middle East, this chapter furthers a research perspective on the varieties of secularity in global modernity and their plural genealogies.
The “New Flowers” of Bulgarian Punk: Cultural Translation, Local Subcultural Scenes, and Heritage
Authors: Draganova Asya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
First formed in the late 1970s, the Bulgarian punk band Novi Tsvetya was considered one of the first in the country, and they challenged restrictions associated with the totalitarian regime at the time. Focusing on Novi Tsvetya—or “New Flowers”—who are still active on the scene in the small town of Kyustendil where they first started, this chapter seeks to explore the genesis of the translation of “Western” subcultural music scenes into Eastern European Cold War contexts. It is argued that DIY politics of access, creation, and music performance enabled opportunities for youth agency and expression. They were in symbolic opposition to perceived repressive aspects of Cold War social and political environments in Bulgaria. The chapter also interrogates contemporary developments in relation to the wider interpretation of Bulgarian subcultural scenes, particularly a move towards a DIY cultural heritage discourse: a process of mythologizing youth resistance and creativity. While New Flowers and other bands discussed in this chapter are mostly musically and aesthetically engaged with punk and post-punk, the symbol of flowers in their name highlights the connectedness of subcultural scenes with other, earlier youth cultures, particularly the hippie culture. As the word flowers appears elsewhere in Bulgarian punk/post-punk, such as the song “Flowers of the Late 80s” (1987) by Revu, this chapter seeks to develop the notion of flowers as a conceptual and metaphorical device to understand how pre-1989 subcultural youth practices are holistically memorialized. The study is based on ethnographic interviews and observations, alongside analysis of musical, lyrical, and visual content, interpreting punk as an evolving intergenerational global language with a DIY ethos.
Transnational Internet Law
Authors: Marsden Christopher 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The greatest, and certainly to a Westphalian nation-state-centered universe most revolutionary, challenge for regulation is the increasing co-operation between national, regional, and international networks of regulators, to regulate the internet. Reidenberg coined the term “lex informatica” to explain its transnational legal nature, based on Berman and Kaufman’s analysis of mediaeval lex mercatoria, rather than Jessup’s transnational law. This chapter briefly considers the technical standards that permit inter-networking and thus the internet, then examines how standards—including commercial and legal standards—have created a transnational lex informatica. The chapter then focuses on two phenomena of the transnational internet law evolution. The first is governance by contract for all commercial transactions, even those that are ostensibly free of monetary value, in which the contractors are trading private information for advertising revenue. The second is the “open internet,” laws protecting some aspects of network neutrality.
The setting of heartbeat acceptance windows on gated myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography using CZT camera: effect of left ventricular functional parameters in patients with arrhythmia
Authors: Tsuboi Kunihito , Nagaki Akio , Shibutani Takayuki , Kawakami Yuji , Onoguchi Masahisa 
Published: April 2021

Objectives
Consistently variable with several peaks in heart rate histogram (e.g. bigeminy and trigeminy) is one of the arrhythmia types. We investigated the effects of gating error by consistently variable patients on left ventricular (LV) functional with cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) camera. The purpose of this study is to evaluate LV functional parameters by setting different heartbeat acceptance windows on gated myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) (MPS) in consistently variable patients, using echocardiography (echo) as a reference.

Materials and methods
Sixteen consistently variable patients underwent the gated MPS using a D-SPECT. The MPS images were obtained by setting two different types of heartbeat acceptance windows. The heartbeat acceptance windows were set to include only one peak and two peaks of the maximum count peaks, respectively.

Results
Mean end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were 112.7 mL, 62.2 mL and 51.3% for one peak, 114.5 mL, 66.1 mL and 47.1% for two peak, and 113.0 mL, 54.2 mL and 54.1% for echo, respectively. The mean differences between two peaks and echo in LVEF were larger than those of between one peak and echo.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that setting the heartbeat acceptance window of one peak was suitable for accurate measurement of LV function in consistently variable patients.
REACT-1 round 10 report: Level prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 swab-positivity in England during third national lockdown in March 2021
Authors: Riley Steven , Eales Oliver , Haw David , Walters Caroline E. , Wang Haowei , Ainslie Kylie E. C. , Atchison Christina , Fronterre Claudio , Diggle Peter J. , Ashby Deborah , Donnelly Christl A. , Cooke Graham , Barclay Wendy , Ward Helen , Darzi Ara , Elliott Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn England, hospitalisations and deaths due to SARS-CoV-2 have been falling consistently since January 2021 during the third national lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic. The first significant relaxation of that lockdown occurred on 8 March when schools reopened.MethodsThe REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission-1 (REACT-1) study augments routine surveillance data for England by measuring swab-positivity for SARS-CoV-2 in the community. The current round, round 10, collected swabs from 11 to 30 March 2021 and is compared here to round 9, in which swabs were collected from 4 to 23 February 2021.ResultsDuring round 10, we estimated an R number of 1.00 (95% confidence interval 0.81, 1.21). Between rounds 9 and 10 we estimated national prevalence has dropped by ∼60% from 0.49% (0.44%, 0.55%) in February to 0.20% (0.17%, 0.23%) in March. There were substantial falls in weighted regional prevalence: in South East from 0.36% (0.29%, 0.44%) in round 9 to 0.07% (0.04%, 0.12%) in round 10; London from 0.60% (0.48%, 0.76%) to 0.16% (0.10%, 0.26%); East of England from 0.47% (0.36%, 0.60%) to 0.15% (0.10%, 0.24%); East Midlands from 0.59% (0.45%, 0.77%) to 0.19% (0.13%, 0.28%); and North West from 0.69% (0.54%, 0.88%) to 0.31% (0.21%, 0.45%). Areas of apparent higher prevalence remain in parts of the North West, and Yorkshire and The Humber. The highest prevalence in March was found among school-aged children 5 to 12 years at 0.41% (0.27%, 0.62%), compared with the lowest in those aged 65 to 74 and 75 and over at 0.09% (0.05%, 0.16%). The close approximation between prevalence of infections and deaths (suitably lagged) is diverging, suggesting that infections may have resulted in fewer hospitalisations and deaths since the start of widespread vaccination.ConclusionWe report a sharp decline in prevalence of infections between February and March 2021. We did not observe an increase in the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 following the reopening of schools in England, although the decline of prevalence appears to have stopped. Future rounds of REACT-1 will be able to measure the rate of growth or decline from this current plateau and hence help assess the effectiveness of the vaccination roll-out on transmission of the virus as well as the potential size of any third wave during the ensuing months.
IL-1 Mediates Tissue Specific Inflammation and Severe Respiratory Failure In Covid-19: Clinical And Experimental Evidence
Authors: Renieris Georgios , Karakike Eleni , Gkavogianni Theologia , Droggiti Dionysia- Eirini , Kafousopoulos Dionysios , Netea Mihai G. , Eugen-Olsen Jesper , Simard John , Giamarellos-Bourboulis Evangelos J. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 has been associated with dysregulated immune responses leading to catastrophic inflammation. The activation pathways remain to be fully elucidated. We investigated the ability of circulating to induce dysregulated immune responses.Materials & MethodsCalprotectin and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) were associated with ARDS in 60 COVID-19 patients. In a second cohort of 40 COVID-19 patients calprotectin at hospital admission was associated with serum levels of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR). A COVID-19 animal model was developed by intravenous injection of plasma from healthy volunteers or patients with COVID-19 ARDS into C57/BL6 mice once daily for 3 consecutive days. In separate experiments, mice were treated with a) the IL-1 receptor antagonist Anakinra or vehicle and b) Flo1-2a anti-murine anti-IL-1α monoclonal antibody or the specific anti-human IL-1α antibody XB2001, or isotype controls. Mice were sacrificed on day 4. Cytokines and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in tissues were measured.ResultsCalprotectin, but not HMGB1, was elevated ARDS. Higher suPAR readouts indicated higher calprotectin levels. CHallenge of mice with COVID-19 plasma led to inflammatory reactions in murine lung and intestines as evidenced by increased levels of TNFα, IL-6, IFNγ and MPO. Anakinra treatment brought these levels down. Similar decrease was found in mice treated with Flo1-2a but not with XB2001.ConclusionCirculating alarmins, specifically calprotectin, of critically ill COVID-19 patients induces tissue-specific inflammatory responses through an IL-1α mediated mechanism. This could be attenuated through inhibition of IL-1 receptor or specific inhibition of IL-1α.
Modeling COVID-19 in Iran using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm
Authors: Sahafizadeh Ebrahim , Khajeian MohammadAli 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe first confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Iran were reported on February 19, 2020. The coronavirus expanded rapidly in all Iranian provinces and three waves of COVID-19 cases have been observed since the pandemic took effect and the fourth wave of Covid-19 cases will likely be observed soon. This study aimed to model the spread of COVID-19 in Iran and to estimate the epidemic parameters and to predict the short-term future trend of COVID-19 in Iran.MethodsWe proposed a modified SEIR epidemic spreading model and we used data from February 20, 2020, to April 9, 2021, on the number of cases reported by Iranian governments to fit the proposed model on the reported data. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm was employed to estimate the parameters of the proposed model and the numerical simulation results were obtained by Runge-Kutta method. The estimated parameters were employed to calculate the effective reproduction number and to predict the short-term future trends of COVID-19 cases.ResultsThe results indicated that the effective reproduction number has increased during Nowruz (Persian New Year) and it was estimated to be 1.28. Considering only two exposed cases as the initial cases in the model, the cumulative number of exposed cases was estimated to be 15,252,372 individuals since the beginning of the outbreak. The prediction of the short-term future trends of COVID-19 cases with different scenarios showed that another peak of the pandemic cases occurs in the next weeks. By immediate lockdown implementation the number of active infected cases was estimated to be 397,585.ConclusionDifferent scenarios of short-term prediction of the future trends of COVID-19 cases indicated that immediate strict social distancing policies need to be implemented to prevent a tremendous burden of the fourth major wave of COVID-19 infections on the health care system of Iran.
Vaccination of Front-Line Workers with the AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine: Benefits in the Face of Increased Risk for Prothrombotic Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Adibi Amin , Mozafarihashjin Mohammad , Sadatsafavi Mohsen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn March 2021, a number of regulatory and advisory bodies around the world recommended against using the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in younger adults pending further review of the risk for vaccine-induced prothrombotic immune thrombocytopenia (VIPIT). As an example, we consider the Canadian province of British Columbia (BC) which halted its front-line workers vaccination program with the AstraZeneca vaccine. The province received an additional 246,700 doses of AstraZeneca vaccine in the weeks before April 11th, enough to provide the first dose of vaccine to all unvaccinated front-line workers. It is unclear whether the alternative, mRNA vaccines can be immediately made available to front-line workers.MethodsWe reviewed the latest available evidence and used compartmental modelling to 1) compare the expected number of deaths due to COVID-19 and VIPIT under the scenarios of immediately continuing vaccination of front-line workers with the AstraZeneca vaccine or delaying it in favour of mRNA vaccines from a societal perspective, and 2) compare the individual mortality risk of immediately receiving the AstraZeneca vaccine with waiting to receive an mRNA vaccine later from a personal perspective.ResultsWe estimate that if British Columbia continues the front-line worker vaccination program with the AstraZeneca vaccine, we expect to see approximately 45,000 fewer cases of COVID-19, 800 fewer hospitalizations, 120 fewer COVID-related deaths, and 2,300 fewer cases of Long COVID from April 15th to October 1st, 2021, for an expected number of VIPIT-related deaths of 0.674 [95% CI 0.414-0.997]. In the same period and in areas of high transmission (R0=1.30), the projected excess risk of mortality due to COVID-19 and VIPIT was significantly higher in the delayed vaccination with mRNA vaccines scenario (3.5 to 4.5 times higher risk) than that of immediate vaccination with the AstraZeneca vaccine for those between 30 and 69 years of age. In areas with lower levels of transmission (R0=1.15), the projected excess risk of mortality was 1.8 to 3.4 times higher in the delayed vaccination with mRNA vaccines scenario for those between 30 and 69 years of age. For those under 30, immediate vaccination with the AstraZeneca vaccine posed a higher risk than delayed vaccination with an mRNA vaccine, regardless of the level of transmission in the community.ConclusionsThe benefits of continuing immunization of front-line workers with the AstraZeneca vaccine far outweigh the risk both at a societal level and at a personal risk level for those over 40, and those over 30 in high-risk areas.
Effective connectivity during faces processing in major depression – distinguishing markers of pathology, risk, and resilience
Authors: Sacu Seda , Wackerhagen Carolin , Erk Susanne , Romanczuk-Seiferth Nina , Schwarz Kristina , Schweiger Janina I. , Tost Heike , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Heinz Andreas , Razi Adeel , Walter Henrik 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAberrant brain connectivity during emotional processing, especially within the fronto-limbic pathway, is one of the hallmarks of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, a lack of systematic approaches in previous studies made it difficult to determine whether a specific alteration in brain connectivity reflects a cause, correlate, or effect of the disorder. The current study aimed to investigate neural mechanisms that correspond to disease, risk and resilience in major depression during implicit processing of emotion cues.MethodsForty-eight patients with MDD, 49 first-degree relatives of patients with MDD and 103 healthy controls performed a face-matching task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used dynamic causal modelling to estimate task-dependent effective connectivity at the subject level. Parametric empirical Bayes was then performed to quantify group differences in effective connectivity.ResultsDepressive pathology was associated with decreased effective connectivity from the left amygdala and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to the right fusiform gyrus, whereas familial risk for depression corresponded to decreased connectivity from the right orbitofrontal cortex to the left insula and from the left orbitofrontal cortex to the right fusiform gyrus. Resilience for depression was related to increased connectivity from the anterior cingulate cortex to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the depressive state alters top-down control of higher visual regions during the processing of emotional faces, whereas increased connectivity within the cognitive control network promotes resilience to depression.
A distinct metabolic profile associated with a fatal outcome in COVID-19 patients during early epidemic in Italy
Authors: Saccon Elisa , Bandera Alessandra , Sciumè Mariarita , Mikeloff Flora , Lashari Abid Ali , Aliberti Stefano , Sachs Michael , Billi Filippo , Blasi Francesco , Gabriel Erin , Costantino Giorgio , De Roberto Pasquale , Krishnan Shuba , Gori Andrea , Peyvandi Flora , Scudeller Luigia , Lorson Christian L. , Valenti Luca , Singh Kamal , Baldini Luca , Fracchiolla Nicola Stefano , Neogi Ujjwal 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLeveraging the unique biological resource based upon the initial COVID-19 patients in Policlinico di Milano (Italy), our study provides the first metabolic profile associated with a fatal outcome. The identification of potential predictive biomarkers offers a vital opportunity to employ metabolomics in a clinical setting as diagnostic tool of disease prognosis upon hospital admission.