bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stress relaxation arrested the mainshock rupture of the 2016 Central Tottori earthquake
Authors: Iio Yoshihisa , Matsumoto Satoshi , Yamashita Yusuke , Sakai Shin’ichi , Tomisaka Kazuhide , Sawada Masayo , Iidaka Takashi , Iwasaki Takaya , Kamizono Megumi , Katao Hiroshi , Kato Aitaro , Kurashimo Eiji , Teguri Yoshiko , Tsuda Hiroo , Ueno Takashi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAfter a large earthquake, many small earthquakes, called aftershocks, ensue. Additional large earthquakes typically do not occur, despite the fact that the large static stress near the edges of the fault is expected to trigger further large earthquakes at these locations. Here we analyse ~10,000 highly accurate focal mechanism solutions of aftershocks of the 2016 Mw 6.2 Central Tottori earthquake in Japan. We determine the location of the horizontal edges of the mainshock fault relative to the aftershock hypocentres, with an accuracy of approximately 200 m. We find that aftershocks rarely occur near the horizontal edges and extensions of the fault. We propose that the mainshock rupture was arrested within areas characterised by substantial stress relaxation prior to the main earthquake. This stress relaxation along fault edges could explain why mainshocks are rarely followed by further large earthquakes.
Myokardiale Dysfunktion und Herzinsuffizienz unter onkologischer Therapie – Prävention, Diagnose und Behandlung
Authors: Hinrichs Lena , Rassaf Tienush 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungNeben der zytotoxischen Chemo- und Strahlentherapie werden seit einigen Jahren auch zielgerichtete, molekulare Inhibitoren und Immuntherapien mit sehr gutem Erfolg in der Tumorbehandlung eingesetzt. Einige Therapeutika sind jedoch mit einer wesentlichen Kardiotoxizität assoziiert, die zu relevanten Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen führen und das Überleben von Patienten mit malignen Erkrankungen beeinträchtigen kann. Das Auftreten einer Herzinsuffizienz stellt hierbei die häufigste und oft schwerwiegendste Komplikation dar. Patienten mit kardiovaskulären Risikofaktoren haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für das Auftreten einer Kardiotoxizität. Entscheidend für das Screening und die Diagnosestellung einer ventrikulären Dysfunktion ist daher die Erfassung von Risikokonstellationen, Vorerkrankungen, der Einsatz kardialer Bildgebung zur Früherkennung von Kardiotoxizität sowie die Einbeziehung kardialer Biomarker.
Notwendigkeit für Symptom-Monitoring und
Frühwarnzeichenerkennung bipolarer Episoden durch eine App? –
Ansichten von PatientInnen und Angehörigen zu e-health
Bedarf
Authors: Fellendorf Frederike T. , Hamm Carlo , Platzer Martina , Lenger Melanie , Dalkner Nina , Bengesser Susanne A , Birner Armin , Queissner Robert , Sattler Matteo , Pilz Rene , Kapfhammer Hans-Peter , Lackner Helmut K. , van Poppel Mireille , Reininghaus Eva 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Der Beginn und Frühwarnzeichen von Krankheitsepisoden
der bipolaren Störung werden von Betroffenen häufig erst
spät erkannt. Je früher eine Krankheitsepisode behandelt wird,
desto prognostisch günstiger ist der Verlauf. Die
Symptomüberwachung per Smartphone-Applikation (App) könnte eine
innovative Möglichkeit darstellen, um Frühwarnzeichen zu
erkennen und schneller mit den richtigen Strategien darauf zu reagieren. Das
Ziel dieser Studie war es zu evaluieren, ob PatientInnen mit bipolarer
Erkrankung und deren Angehörige eine technische Unterstützung
durch eine App als sinnvoll und praktikabel in der Früherkennung sowie
in der Behandlung erachten.
Methoden In der vorliegenden Studie wurden 51 PatientInnen mit bipolarer
Störung und 28 Angehörige befragt. Es wurde ermittelt, ob die
ProbandInnen Frühwarnzeichen in Form von Verhaltensänderungen
derzeit subjektiv ausreichend und rechtzeitig wahrnehmen können. Zudem
wurde erhoben, ob die StudienprobandInnen ein Smartphone als
Behandlungsunterstützung nutzen würden.
Ergebnisse Obwohl sich 94,1% der befragten PatientInnen und
78.6% der Angehörigen gut über die Erkrankung informiert
fühlten, waren 13,7% beziehungsweise 35,7% mit den
derzeitigen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten nicht zufrieden.
Frühwarnzeichen jeder depressiven Entwicklung wurden von 25,5%
der PatientInnen wahrgenommen (Angehörige 10,7%). Jede
(hypo)manische Entwicklung wurde lediglich von 11,8% der PatientInnen
wahrgenommen (Angehörige 7,1%). 88,2% der PatientInnen
und 85,7% ihrer Angehörigen bemerkten zu Beginn einer Depression
und 70,6% beziehungsweise 67,9% zu Beginn einer (hypo)manischen
Episode wiederkehrend dieselben Symptome (insbesondere Veränderungen der
körperlichen Aktivität, des Kommunikationsverhaltens und des
Schlaf-Wach-Rhythmus). 84,3% der PatientInnen und 89,3% der
Angehörigen gaben an, dass sie eine technische Unterstützung,
welche auf Veränderungen in Stimmungs- und Aktivitätslage
aufmerksam macht, als sinnvoll erachten und dass sie eine Smartphone-App
für die Behandlung nutzen würden.
Diskussion Die derzeitigen Möglichkeiten zur Wahrnehmung von
Frühwarnzeichen einer depressiven oder (hypo)manischen Episode bei
bipolarer Störung sind klinisch unzureichend. Bei Betroffenen und
Angehörigen besteht der Wunsch nach innovativen, technischen
Unterstützungen. Die rechtzeitige Früherkennung von
Krankheitssymptomen, die sich oft in Veränderungen von Verhaltens- oder
Aktivitätsmustern äußert, ist für den Verlauf
essentiell. Apps könnten hierbei durch objektive, kontinuierliche und
individuelle Datenerhebung in der Zukunft für die klinische Behandlung
und die Forschung genutzt werden.
Herzinsuffizienz und SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Westermann Dirk 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie kardiale Beteiligung bei an COVID-19 Erkrankten ist wichtig und prognostisch
bedeutend und wurde in vielen Studien belegt. Besonders für kardial vorerkrankte
Patienten ergeben sich daraus wichtige Erkenntnisse. Im Sinne der Herzinsuffizienz
trifft das ebenfalls zu. Dabei ist klar, dass eine bestehende Herzinsuffizienz wichtig
für die Prognose der COVID-19-Erkrankung ist und diese wesentlich verschlechtert. Die
Medikation für die chronische Herzinsuffizienz mit reduzierter EF sollte dringend
beibehalten werden. Eine neuauftretende Herzinsuffizienz durch die COVID-19-Erkrankung
ist selten. Das wichtige Thema der Symptome nach einer COVID-19-Erkrankung inkludiert
Beschwerden, die einer Herzinsuffizienz ähnlich sind. Ob diese allerdings auch mit einer
Herzinsuffizienz zusammenhängen, muss noch geklärt werden.
Pulmonale Hypertonie und Rechtsherzinsuffizienz
Authors: Rosenkranz Stephan 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungPulmonale Hypertonie (PH) beschreibt einen hämodynamischen Zustand, der durch eine
Druckerhöhung im kleinen Kreislauf charakterisiert ist und der insbesondere bei älteren
Patienten häufig zu beobachten ist. In Abhängigkeit der Ätiologie differenziert die klinische
Klassifikation der pulmonalen Hypertonie 5 Hauptgruppen. Unabhängig von der zugrunde liegenden
Ursache führt eine PH zu einer chronischen Rechtsherzbelastung und Rechtsherzinsuffizienz.
Aktuelle Studien zeigen, dass bereits eine moderate Erhöhung des pulmonalarteriellen Druckes
sowie des pulmonalvaskulären Widerstands prognoserelevant sind. Im Einzelfall ist die
konsequente differenzialdiagnostische Abklärung einer PH essenziell, da sich die
Behandlungsoptionen je nach zugrunde liegender Ursache grundlegend unterscheiden.
The Top 50 Most Cited Publications in Meniscus Research
Authors: Kunze Kyle N. , Haddad Aidan , White Alexander E. , Cohn Matthew R. , LaPrade Robert F. , Chahla Jorge 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInjuries to the menisci of the knee are common in orthopedic sports medicine. Bibliometric studies can identify the core literature on a topic and help further our collective knowledge for both clinical and educational purposes. The purpose of the current study was to (1) identify and describe the 50 most cited articles in meniscus research over an 80-year time period to capture a wide range of influential articles and (2) identify the “citation classics” and milestone articles related to the meniscus of the knee. The Science Citation Index Expanded subsection of the Web of Science Core Collection was systematically searched for the 50 most cited meniscus articles. Data pertaining to bibliometric and publication characteristics were extracted and reported using descriptive statistics. The top 50 articles were published between the years 1941 and 2014 and collectively cited 13,152 times. The median (interquartile [IQR]) number of total citations per article was 203.5 (167.0–261.8), while the median citation rate was 9.6 (7.4–13.9) citations per year. The most cited article was “Knee joint changes after meniscectomy,” published in 1948. The article with the highest citation rate of 78.4 citations per year was “The long-term consequence of anterior cruciate ligaments and meniscus injuries – osteoarthritis,” published in 2007. The majority of articles were clinical outcome studies (n = 28, 56%). The top 50 most cited meniscus articles represent a compilation of highly influential articles which may augment reading curriculums and provide a strong knowledge base for orthopaedic surgery residents and fellows. The decade with the most articles was the 2000s, representing a recent acceleration in meniscus-based research. This is a level IV, cross-sectional study.
Risk preferences and risk perception affect the acceptance of digital contact tracing
Authors: Albrecht Rebecca , Jarecki Jana B. , Meier Dominik S. , Rieskamp Jörg 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDigital contact-tracing applications (DCTAs) can help control the spread of epidemics, such as the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. But people in Western societies fail to install DCTAs. Understanding the low use rate is key for policy makers who support DCTAs as a way to avoid harsh nationwide lockdowns. In a preregistered study in a representative German-speaking Swiss sample (N = 757), the roles of individual risk perceptions, risk preferences, social preferences, and social values in the acceptance of and compliance with DCTA were compared. The results show a high compliance with the measures recommended by DCTAs but a comparatively low acceptance of DCTAs. Risk preferences and perceptions, but not social preferences, influenced accepting DCTAs; a high health-risk perception and a low data-security-risk perception increased acceptance. Additionally, support of political measures, technical abilities, and understanding the DCTA functionality had large effects on accepting DCTAs. Therefore, we recommend highlighting personal health risks and clearly explaining DCTAs, focusing on data security, to enhance DCTA acceptance.
Low-impedance high-power pulsed generator based on forming line with built-in Tesla transformer
Authors: Liu Shifei , Zhang Zicheng , Wang Yuwei , Zhang Jiande , Xiao Li’an , Liang Bo , Li Diangeng 
Published: August 2021

In order to meet the application needs of gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission lines, a pulsed power generator is required to output short duration pulses with a fast rising edge in high repetitive-rate mode. In this paper, a low-impedance high-power pulsed generator based on the forming line with a built-in Tesla transformer is explored and developed. The generator includes a 14 Ω coaxial forming line, a SF6/N2 gas switch, and a resistive dummy load, which can steadily operate in 100 Hz mode and suits the needs above. The pulsed forming line adopts transformer oil as the insulation medium and has a large shell radius and short length to reduce impedance. It has been verified by CST simulation that a relatively high coupling coefficient (0.93) can be achieved when the length–radius ratio is 3.2. The maximum forming line charging voltage is −600 kV in single-shot mode, while the charging voltage is −520 kV in repetitive-rate mode. The output pulse duration is 13 ns with a 4 ns rising edge, and its amplitude for a 10 Ω load is −220 kV at a repetition rate of 100 Hz. The experimental results showed the feasibility of the low-impedance nanosecond periodically pulsed generator based on an oil forming line charged from the high-coupling Tesla transformer. These efforts expand the technical route of the pulse forming line with a built-in Tesla transformer and set a good foundation for its application in the future.
IFP35 family proteins promote neuroinflammation and multiple sclerosis
Authors: Jing Xizhong , Yao Yongjie , Wu Danning , Hong Hao , Feng Xu , Xu Na , Liu Yingfang , Liang Huanhuan 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neuroinflammatory disorder that constitutes the major cause of nontraumatic disability in young adults. However, the underlying mechanism of this disease remains obscure. Here, we identified NMI and IFP35 as factors critical in the progress of MS and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, as their dysregulation activates both microglia in the central nervous system and T cells in the periphery. This study expands our understanding of the pathogenesis of MS and aims to provide potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Coulomb interaction, phonons, and superconductivity in twisted bilayer graphene
Authors: Cea Tommaso , Guinea Francisco 
Published: August 2021

Significance
We study the low-energy excitations in twisted bilayer graphene, including particle–hole excitations, plasmons, and acoustic phonons. We analyze the way in which these excitations lead to superconductivity, by means of well-tested diagrammatic techniques. We obtain critical temperatures of magnitude ∼1 to 10 K. We estimate the order parameter, which displays different values in different pockets of the Fermi surface. Umklapp processes due to large momentum exchange are crucial for the formation of superconductivity. We provide estimates and trends in agreement with the experimental measurements, emphasizing the tunability of superconductivity with the electronic band structure close to the Fermi level.
Cordyceps dipterigena
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Brady B. L. K. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Cordyceps dipterigena
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Diptera
(
Muscidae
). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in tropical countries; Sri Lanka, Indonesia, New Guinea, North, Central and South America, Japan, Ghana.
Didymella exitialis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Punithalingam E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Didymella exitialis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Hordeum vulgare
and
Triticum aestivum
. Also isolated from air over barley fields in England. DISEASE: Leaf scorch of barley and wheat. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Ethiopia); Asia (? India, Turkey); Europe (Britain, Switzerland). TRANSMISSION: Little investigation has been carried out on seasonal persistence and spread of the disease; spread of infection is presumably by air-borne conidia and ascospores in wet weather (49, 996; Frankland & Gregory, 1973).
Balansia oryzae-sativae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Booth C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Balansia oryzae-sativae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: on rice (
Oryza sativa
) but also on
Echinochloa, Eragrostis, Panicum, Pennisetum, Setaria
(56, 194),
Sorghum
and possibly other
Gramineae
. DISEASE: Black choke, incense rod, false ergot, udbatta disease of rice. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: India, China, Hong Kong, New Caledonia, West Africa (51, 1455). In India it occurs particularly in the hilly regions in the Bengal Bay states, especially Orissa. TRANSMISSION: The fungus is seed borne and excellent control has been achieved by seed treatment with hot water at 54°C for 10 mins. Other methods include solar treatment and the use of granosan MDB and vitavax or plantvax (1.14g/6ml water for each 2kg seed). No evidence exists to suggest the disease is soil-borne. Infection is systemic from seed although only apparent when heads emerge.
Coccidioides immitis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Huppert M. , Sun Sung Huang , Murphy Audie L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Coccidioides immitis
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Occurs in soil and infection is usually acquired by inhalation of contaminated dust. In addition to man, spontaneous infections have been recorded in the baboon, burro, cat, cattle, chimpanzee, chinchilla, coyote, dog, gorilla, horse, kangaroo, llama, mole, monkey, mouse, pig, sea lion, sheep, squirrel, rabbit, rat, tapir and tiger (causing mycoses). DISEASE: Coccidioidomycosis. Several types of disease have been recognized. The initial primary infection may be asymptomatic and benign. Among the clinically apparent cases, the respiratory disease is highly variable with symptoms ranging from a mild cold to a severe pneumonia. Some patients are left with chronic, residual, pulmonary lesions. In a few cases the infection disseminates to extrapulmonary tissues resulting in systemic disease which may be progressive or chronic. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Semi-arid areas within the Western Hemisphere.
Emmonsiella capsulata
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Kwon-Chung Kyung Joo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Emmonsiella capsulata
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: In addition to man, naturally acquired
E. capsulata
infection has been recorded in the bat, cat, cattle, chinchilla, dog, fox, hedgehog, horse, marmot, mice, opossum, rats, raccoon and skunk. Histoplasmin sensitivity has been recorded in various domestic animals (cattle, horse, pig, sheep). The chinchilla, gerbil, guineapig, hamster, mouse, rat and other animals are easily infected in the laboratory. DISEASE: Classical histoplasmosis. Clinical types can be listed in 3 main categories: I.
Primary, acute form
. Infection is initiated by inhalation of spores and the respiratory system is the most common primary site of histoplasmosis. The disease may be asymptomatic, mild, moderately severe or even fatal in a few cases. In those cases of clinical illness in which the diagnosis can be established by culture or histopathology, the commonest respiratory symptoms are a nonproductive cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, haemoptysis and cyanosis. Associated generalized symptoms are fever, night sweats, muscle and joint pains, weight loss and malaise. In some patients the pulmonary lesions resolve entirely, but in others evidence of past infection persists in the form of calcification or scarring. In a very few cases, the disease progresses to a severe disseminated form. If there is very heavy exposure to spores in the focal outbreaks, the lungs in some patients may be consolidated and the disease advances to an early fatal termination. II.
Severe, disseminated form
. In this form, the pulmonary manifestations may be less prominent and hepatosplenomegaly, fever, anaemia, weight loss and generalized lymphadenopathy characterize the illness. Any of these manifestations may predominate or the illness may appear as endocarditis, meningitis, adrenal insufficiency, hepatic insufficiency or as solitary or multiple ulcerations of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, stomach, or small or large bowel. III.
Chronic, cavitary form
. This form occurs predominantly in adult males. The clinical symptoms and X-ray signs of pulmonary cavitation closely resemble those of tuberculosis. Some of these cases may represent reactivation of a primary lung lesion, but others appear to represent uninterrupted progression of the primary pulmonary lesion. The symptoms include productive cough, occasional haemoptysis, low-grade fever, progressive weakness and weight loss. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION:
Emmonsiella capsulata
occurs in at least 60 countries of the world in temperate and tropical zones of both hemispheres. From skin testing studies it appears that the largest area with a high prevalence of classical histoplasmosis is the middle of the North American continent.
Elytroderma torres-juanii
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Diamandis S. , Minter D. W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Elytroderma torres-juanii
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Pinus halepensis, P. brutia
. DISEASE: Needle blight of pines. Symptoms become visible on second year needles which in late summer assume a yellowish and later a brown colour. Discoloration starts from either end of the needle and may not extend along the whole needle. The boundary between the discoloured part and the remainder which stays green is sharply demarcated. Usually only one of the needles of the two-needle bundle is affected. Often the base of the discoloured needle next to the sheath remains green. Third-year and fourth-year needles are brown and carry ascocarps of the fungus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Greece, Spain). TRANSMISSION: By air-borle ascospores in wet weather.
Naemacyclus niveus
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Minter D. W. , Millar C. S. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Naemacyclus niveus
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS:
Pinus brutia, P. halepensis, P. Iaricio, P. maritima, P. monophylla, P. mugo, P. nigra, P. nigra
var.
austriaca, P. pinaster, P. ponderosa, P. thunbergii
. DISEASE: Probably only weakly parasitic. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Yugoslavia). TRANSMISSION: By air-borne ascospores in humid or wet weather.
Phomopsis oryzae-sativae
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Punithalingam E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Phomopsis oryzae-sativae
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOST:
Oryza saliva
. DISEASE: Collar rot of rice, appearing at the end of tillering stage. Visible symptoms are small dark brown lesions at the base of the auricle of the topmost fully expanded leaf. These lesions enlarge to cover the whole auricle and in the advanced stage lesions extend to the adjacent parts of the leaf sheath and leaf blade. Within 14 days the blade joint at the top of leaf sheath turns dark brown and then rots, causing the leaf blade to drop off (Kanjanasoon, 1962). GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Asia (Thailand). TRANSMISSION: No studies reported. Conidia presumably dispersed by water splash.
Stemphylium sarciniforme
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: UK, CAB International  , Booth C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Stemphylium sarciniforme
. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Predominantly on the leaves of
Trifolium
. DISEASE: Target or pepper spot of clover (
Trifolium
) where it may infect 80% of the leaves (52, 3740). Also recorded as causing gram blight of
Cicer arietinum
(54, 1076; 53, 751). Reports of its occurrence on
Lupinus luteus
(57, 568) may be confusing this species with
Stemphylium globuliferum
or
S. botryosum
. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread wherever clover is grown. Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North and South America (see CMI Map 139, ed. 3, 1977). TRANSMISSION: By air currents and seed (24, 42; 44, 471).