bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐Scale Afforestation Over the Loess Plateau in China Contributes to the Local Warming Trend
Authors: Tian Lei , Zhang Baoqing , Wang Xuejin , Chen Shuoyu , Pan Baotian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAfforestation is a major anthropogenic forcing to the global and regional climate. However, the biophysical impacts of large‐scale afforestation on local temperature in temperate regions remain unclear, due to the closely matched but compensating radiative and non‐radiative effects. The Grain for Green Program (GFGP) is a large‐scale afforestation program implemented over the Loess Plateau (LP) in China. The GFGP thus provides an ideal platform to explore the temperature effect of afforestation. This study investigated such a temperature effect through long‐term, high‐resolution simulations incorporating satellite observations in a coupled land‐atmosphere model. With an optimal combination of physical schemes proposed by this study, we greatly improved the accuracy of regional climate modeling. The results reveal that the afforestation caused a significant decline (−0.50% yr−1) in albedo. An increment in net shortwave radiation mainly led to an increment in net radiation (7.95 W m−2). The afforestation also led to an increment in sensible heat flux (3.78 W m−2). Consequently, the afforestation caused a warming effect (0.36°C) in 2‐meter air temperature at the inter‐annual scale. At the intra‐annual scale, there was a cooling effect in July and August, while other months demonstrated a warming effect. The radiative effect dominated local temperature change induced by the afforestation over the LP. Therefore, the large‐scale afforestation contributed to the local warming trend. Our findings highlight the temperature effect of afforestation, and imply that more attention should be paid to future revegetation to carefully assess its potential influence on regional climate.
Contrasting Biophysical Controls on Carbon Dioxide and Methane Outgassing From Streams
Authors: Rovelli L. , Olde L. A. , Heppell C. M. , Binley A. , Yvon‐Durocher G. , Glud R. N. , Trimmer M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSmall headwater streams are recognized for intense outgassing to the atmosphere of climate‐relevant carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Though these headwaters are markedly oversaturated for both CO2 and CH4, the origins and controls over the fate of these two carbon‐gases are still poorly constrained, especially for the stronger greenhouse gas CH4. Here, by measuring stream‐based production of CO2 and CH4, concurrently with their rates of outgassing to the atmosphere, we identify distinct biophysical control mechanisms for each gas. We show that while CO2 is largely imported from the catchment in proportion to discharge, CO2 outgassing can be modulated by in‐stream metabolism to offset outgassing by up to 30% in spring and summer. In contrast, CH4 shows a non‐linear response to seasonal changes in discharge and is predominantly produced in the streambed in relation to sediment type. Further, once released from the streambed, outgassing of CH4 at the surface and flow‐driven dilution occur far more rapidly than biological methane oxidation and CH4 leaves the water largely unaltered by biology. Incorporating the intense carbon cycling of headwater streams into the global carbon cycle will require distinct parameterizations for each carbon gas in Earth system models.
Late Miocene‐Pliocene Vigorous Deep‐Sea Circulation in the Southeast Indian Ocean: Paleoceanographic and Tectonic Implications
Authors: Tagliaro Gabriel , Fulthorpe Craig S. , Watkins David K. , De Vleeschouwer David , Brumsack Hans , Bogus Kara , Lavier Luc L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDeep ocean circulation in the Southern Hemisphere plays a central role in global ocean overturning circulation and determines ocean carbon sink variability on multimillion‐year timescales. For this reason, it is important to understand how deep currents that originate in the Southern Ocean responded to past climate fluctuations and changing temperature patterns in the Southern Hemisphere oceans. To investigate this feedback mechanism, we analyze deep‐sea sediment cores formed under the influence of bottom currents from the Mentelle Basin (International Ocean Discovery Program Sites U1513, U1514, and U1516), in the Southeastern Indian Ocean. We show that bottom current activity intensified in the Australian‐Antarctic Basin during the cooling intervals of the late Miocene (ca. 7.8–4.8 Ma) and late Pliocene (ca. 3.59–3.2 Ma). At those intervals, bulk grain‐sizes and terrigenous input increased, via current winnowing. Ferromanganese nodules and stratigraphic hiatuses are also observed within these periods, indicative of intense sediment erosion at the seafloor. Sediment accumulation and preservation in the basin was particularly low at the deep Site U1514 (3,838 m water depth), suggesting that enhanced current transport and sediment erosion occurred preferentially within the deepest parts of the basin. We suggest that bottom water fluxes in the Australian‐Antarctic Basin intensified during late Miocene and Pliocene cooling intervals, likely boosted by renewed Australian‐Antarctic Discordance spreading since the Miocene.
Distinct subcellular autophagy impairments in induced neurons from patients with Huntington's disease
Authors: Pircs Karolina , Drouin-Ouellet Janelle , Horváth Vivien , Gil Jeovanis , Rezeli Melinda , Garza Raquel , Grassi Daniela A , Sharma Yogita , St-Amour Isabelle , Harris Kate , Jönsson Marie E , Johansson Pia A , Vuono Romina , Fazal Shaline V , Stoker Thomas , Hersbach Bob A , Sharma Kritika , Lagerwall Jessica , Lagerström Stina , Storm Petter , Hébert Sébastien S , Marko-Varga György , Parmar Malin , Barker Roger A , Jakobsson Johan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHuntington's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by CAG expansions in the huntingtin (HTT) gene. Modelling Huntington's disease is challenging, as rodent and cellular models poorly recapitulate the disease as seen in ageing humans. To address this, we generated induced neurons through direct reprogramming of human skin fibroblasts, which retain age-dependent epigenetic characteristics.Huntington's disease induced neurons (HD-iNs) displayed profound deficits in autophagy, characterized by reduced transport of late autophagic structures from the neurites to the soma. These neurite-specific alterations in autophagy resulted in shorter, thinner and fewer neurites specifically in HD-iNs. CRISPRi-mediated silencing of HTT did not rescue this phenotype but rather resulted in additional autophagy alterations in control induced neurons, highlighting the importance of wild-type HTT in normal neuronal autophagy.In summary, our work identifies a distinct subcellular autophagy impairment in adult patient derived Huntington's disease neurons and provides a new rationale for future development of autophagy activation therapies.
Incidence and Mortality of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in Ukraine: Analysis of National Surveillance Data
Authors: Khalife Sara , Jenkins Helen E , Dolynska Mariia , Terleieva Iana , Varchenko Iurii , Liu Tao , Carter E Jane , Horsburgh C Robert , Rybak Natasha R , Petrenko Vasyl , Chiang Silvia S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Improved understanding of the epidemiology and mortality risk factors of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) may facilitate successful diagnosis and management.

Methods
We analyzed national surveillance data from Ukraine to characterize EPTB subtypes (ie, localized in different anatomic sites). We calculated annual reported incidence, stratified by age, sex, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. Using Cox regression, we estimated mortality risk factors.

Results
Between January 2015 and November 2018, 14 062 adults/adolescents (≥15 years) and 417 children (&lt;15 years) had EPTB with or without concomitant pulmonary TB. The most commonly reported EPTB subtypes were pleural, peripheral lymph node, and osteoarticular. Most EPTB subtype notifications peaked at age 30–39 years and were higher in males. In adults/adolescents, most peripheral TB lymphadenitis, central nervous system (CNS) TB, and abdominal TB occurred in those with untreated HIV. CNS TB notifications in people without HIV peaked before age 5 years. Adults/adolescents with CNS TB (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 3.22; 95% CI: 2.89–3.60) and abdominal TB (aHR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.59–2.11) were more likely to die than those with pulmonary TB. Children with CNS TB were more likely to die (aHR: 88.25; 95% CI: 43.49–179.10) than those with non-CNS TB. Among adults/adolescents, older age and HIV were associated with death. Rifampicin resistance was associated with mortality in pleural, peripheral lymph node, and CNS TB.

Conclusions
We identified the most common EPTB subtypes by age and sex, patterns of EPTB disease by HIV status, and mortality risk factors. These findings can inform diagnosis and care for people with EPTB.
Investigation of the effects of high-carbon alcohol addition to camelina oil methyl ester on the performance parameters and soot emission of a diesel engine
Authors: Karabektas Murat , Yilancilar Mehmet Sabit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Reasons such as environmental problems and price instability have increased the interest in alternative energy sources. Biodiesel, which is a renewable alternative to diesel fuel, is among the most popular alternative fuels. Biodiesel is a biofuel obtained from the esterification of various oils such as vegetable, animal, waste frying and microalgae oils. In this study, the camelina plant, which has great potential in biodiesel production with its outstanding economic and agricultural characteristics, was preferred. The biodiesel was obtained from the camelina oil by the transesterification method, and the effects of adding different amounts of high-carbon alcohol (n-pentanol) to the biodiesel on the performance and formation of soot emissions of a diesel engine were investigated. High-carbon alcohols exhibit better fuel properties compared to low-carbon alcohols such as methanol and ethanol. Due to the increase in the number of carbons in the structure of alcohol, the cetane number and heat value increase, while the self-ignition temperature and the tendency to knock decrease. The engine experiments were carried out with four different fuels, namely diesel fuel (D100), biodiesel (B100), 10% pentanol added biodiesel (B90P10) and 20% pentanol added biodiesel (B80P20), at full-load variable-speed conditions. The experimental results revealed an improvement in the engine performance with the addition of 10% pentanol to biodiesel, while the performance parameters get worse with increasing pentanol ratio. In addition, due to the oxygen content of pentanol, it has been determined that it has positive effect on reducing the smoke emissions.
Improving Colonoscopy Bowel Preparation and Reducing Patient Anxiety Through Recently Developed Online Information Resource: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jain Avni , Jain Ruchi , Nugent Zoann , Solati Zahra , Davidson Dylan , Shafer Leigh Anne , Restall Gayle , Reynolds Kristin , Singh Harminder 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Invasive medical procedures such as colonoscopies can cause psychological distress and anxiety. Mycolonoscopy.ca is a multilanguage website that provides online written and video information (individual items reported in prior publications to be highly rated by patients) regarding preparation and what to expect before, during, and after colonoscopy. Information about how to access the website is included with all colonoscopy appointment materials in Winnipeg, Manitoba. We evaluated the use of mycolonoscopy.ca among patients undergoing colonoscopy and examined the association between visitation to the website and patient outcomes.

Methods
A paper-based survey was distributed to patients attending their colonoscopy appointments between 11/2019 and 3/2020. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with website visitation, procedural worry, and bowel preparation scores.

Results
Five hundred and ninety-three surveys were distributed, of which 506 were completed. 17.4% of participants had visited the website before their colonoscopy. Visitors to mycolonoscopy.ca were more likely to consume a split-dose bowel preparation (63.9%) compared with non-visitors (52.5%) (P = 0.006). 31.3% of website visitors were very/extremely worried about their colonoscopy compared with 17.9% of non-visitors. 76.6% of individuals agreed/strongly agreed that visiting the website helped them prepare for their colonoscopy and 69.7% who visited the website agreed/strongly agreed that it helped to reduce their stress/anxiety for the procedure. In multivariable analyses, visitation to website was associated with higher adequate bowel preparation (OR:10.55; 95% CI:1.35 to 82.4).

Conclusion
Use of an informative online platform such as mycolonoscopy.ca can help to improve patient education before colonoscopy, reduce worry surrounding the procedure, and improve bowel preparation.
Minimally invasive approach to a deep-seated motor eloquent brain tumour: a technical note
Authors: Lavrador Jose Pedro , Oviedova Anna , Pereira Noemia , Patel Sabina , Rajwani Kapil Mohan , Sekhon Priya , Gullan Richard , Ashkan Keyoumars , Vergani Francesco , Bhangoo Ranjeev 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Deep-seated brain tumours represent a unique neurosurgical challenge as they are often surrounded by eloquent structures. We describe a minimally invasive technique using tubular retractors and intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring for open biopsy of a deep-seated lesion surrounded by the corticospinal tract. We used preoperative functional mapping with diffusion tensor imaging tractography and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation to identify a safe surgical corridor. We also used 5-Aminolevulinic Acid induced fluorescence to identify the lesion intraoperatively and optimize tissue samples obtained for histopathological diagnosis. We found the use of these tools improved the safety of surgery and reduced the risk of surgical morbidity.
Spindle cell sarcoma: a case report of diagnostic and therapeutic quandary in a low resource setting
Authors: Panthi Sagar , Poudel Sajana , Khanal Nimesh , Bhandari Siddhartha , Adhikari Seema , Khatiwada Pradeep , Bhattarai Bharosha , Sharma Susmit , Khanal Sandeep , Shah Suresh P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Sarcomas can present differently in different parts of the body and showcase varied histopathological features and tend to recur locally and metastasize to distant sites. We discuss a case of a 37-year-old male with local recurrence of spindle cell sarcoma of the paraspinal muscles of size 20 × 20 cm2 with overlying ulceration and discharge with possible pulmonary metastasis. The mass was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging/computed tomography and the histology was confirmed by biopsy. Wide surgical resection of the mass was done and the patient was referred to another center for radiotherapy and further treatment. The large size of the sarcoma and the possible pulmonary metastasis poses a risk of significant morbidity and mortality in this patient. This case showcases the scenario of many patients in developing countries where the patients are lost to follow-up due to various reasons and present later with grave consequences.
Collective Equality: Theoretical Foundations for the Law of Peace
Authors: Yehuda Limor 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Significant tensions exist between constitutional strategies central to contemporary peacemaking in ‘deeply divided places’ and human rights law (HRL). These tensions are generally framed as a peace versus justice dilemma. Such framing is built on a narrow, individualistic conception of justice that fails to account for the meaning and requirements of justice in such places, and is consequently blind to the possible ‘justness’ of peacemaking strategies. In response, this article offers the concept of Collective Equality as a new theoretical basis for the law of peace. Collective Equality endorses national groups as legitimate actors and sets proper relations among them based on equality and non-domination. Collective Equality builds on emerging trends in self-determination law and provides a normative yardstick for political arrangements in deeply divided places. Collective Equality aims to decrease tensions between HRL and peacemaking practice, and to support HRL to better serve justice in such places.
Caught between Cultures: Unintended Consequences of Improving Opportunity for Immigrant Girls
Authors: Dahl Gordon B , Felfe Christina , Frijters Paul , Rainer Helmut 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhat happens when immigrant girls are given increased opportunities to integrate into the workplace and society, but their parents value more traditional cultural outcomes? We answer this question in the context of a reform which granted automatic birthright citizenship to eligible immigrant children born in Germany after 1 January 2000. Using survey data, we collected from students in 57 schools and comparing those born in the months before vs. after the reform, we find the introduction of birthright citizenship lowers measures of life satisfaction and self-esteem for immigrant girls by 0.32 and 0.25 standard deviations, respectively. This is especially true for Muslims, where parents are likely to prefer more traditional cultural outcomes than their daughters. Moreover, we find that Muslim girls granted birthright citizenship are less integrated into German society: they are both more socially isolated and less likely to self-identify as German. Exploring mechanisms for these unintended drops in well-being and assimilation, we find that immigrant Muslim parents invest less in their daughters’ schooling and that these daughters receive worse grades in school if they are born after the reform. Parents are also less likely to speak German with these daughters. Consistent with a rise in intra-family conflict, birthright citizenship results in disillusionment where immigrant Muslim girls believe their chances of achieving their educational goals are lower and the perceived odds of having to forgo a career for a family rise. In contrast, immigrant boys experience, if anything, an improvement in well-being, integration, and schooling outcomes. Taken together, the findings point towards immigrant girls being pushed by parents to conform to a role within traditional culture, whereas boys are allowed to take advantage of the opportunities that come with citizenship. To explain these findings, we construct a simple game-theoretic model which builds on Akerlof and Kranton (2000), where identity-concerned parents constrain their daughter’s choices, and hence lower their daughter’s well-being, when faced with the threat of integration. Alternative models can explain some of the findings in isolation.
High school students constructing knowledge about convergence and limits
Authors: Elias Dafna , Dreyfus Tommy 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigated how two didactical tools assist high school students in constructing knowledge about convergence and limits. The first tool is manual plotting of the terms of selected sequences, and the second, a technological applet. Student pairs worked in an interview setting on an activity designed for the purpose of this research. The interviews were transcribed and analysed using the RBC model of abstraction in context. The analysis of the interviews revealed that manual plotting supported students’ development of intuition about convergence and the technological tool supported students in constructing a notion of ‘as close as one pleases’, thus making a step in the direction of the formal definition of limit. As a result, a structure of the elements of knowledge of the concept of convergence of sequences has been developed, the support of the tools has been evaluated and possible obstacles of the process have been identified.
An Examination of the Predictive Validity of Subjective Age and Core Self-evaluations on Performance-Related Outcomes
Authors: Laguerre Rick A , Barnes-Farrell Janet L , Hughes James M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe widely used single-item operationalization of subjective age “how old do you feel?” is unstable; yet, it is frequently used in longitudinal research. Based upon calls to investigate the psychometric properties of the multi-item (“Ages of Me”) operationalization of subjective age, we conducted a series of tests that evaluated the stability and incremental predictive validity of this construct. Using a 3-wave longitudinal design with a sample of working adults (T1 N = 1,182, T2 N = 975, T3 N = 875), we identified that the multi-item composite measure of subjective age (feel-age, do-age, interest-age, and look-age) has stable psychometric properties over time. Regression analyses revealed that the multi-item subjective age operationalization had stronger associations with job performance, the achievement of personal workplace goals, and work-related flow than the single-item version; however, when controlling for prior levels of outcomes the majority of effects dissipated. Moreover, core self-evaluations had incremental predictive validity over subjective age and prior levels of outcomes. Relative weights analysis confirmed that the core self-evaluations construct is a more important predictor than either subjective age operationalization. Results are discussed in the context of debates surrounding the utility of subjective age and core self-evaluations for aging research. We offer theoretical and practical considerations for future studies on subjective age and core self-evaluations at work.
Occupational inhalant allergy in food handling occupations
Authors: Jeebhay Mohamed F. , Baatjies Roslynn 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
Review article on recent developments on inhalant food allergens associated with occupational respiratory allergy and asthma.

Recent findings
This review has found that occupational inhalant allergy in food handling occupations is a common and recognisable clinical entity (class 3 food allergy) in high-risk food occupations such as bakeries and seafood processing. Aerosolised food proteins from plant or animal food sources, additives and biological food contaminants cause occupational sensitization, rhinitis and asthma. The risk of allergy may be enhanced across the food value chain as a result of food processing techniques including the introduction of new food allergens in the food matrix. Occupational food allergy and asthma can be prevented by improved health-based exposure standards, workplace control measures, education and training activities, and early diagnosis accompanied with exposure reduction.

Summary
Future studies need to focus on exposure-response studies to establish improved exposure limits especially for flour dust, the relevance of cooked vs raw foods in influencing risk, identifying and characterising major inhalant food allergens accompanied with component resolved diagnostic approaches, and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions for common high-risk food sensitizers causing occupational rhinitis and asthma.