bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perception of repeated pain relief with controllable and uncontrollable pain
Authors: Becker Susanne , Schakib‐Ekbatan Karin , Wroblewski Daniel , Schweiker Marcel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe ultimate goal of pain research is to provide effective routes for pain relief. Nevertheless, the perception pain relief as a change in pain intensity and un‐/pleasantness has only been rarely investigated. It has been demonstrated that pain relief has rewarding and reinforcing properties, but it remains unknown whether the perception of pain relief changes when pain reductions occur repeatedly. Further, it remains an open question whether the perception of pain relief depends on the controllability of the preceding pain.MethodsIn this study, healthy volunteers (N = 38) received five cycles of painful heat stimulation and reduction of this stimulation to a non‐painful warm stimulation once in a condition with control of the stimulation and once without control. Participants rated perceived intensity and un‐/pleasantness on visual analogue scales during the heat stimulation and immediately after its reduction.ResultsResults showed that perceived pain relief, estimated by the difference in ratings during ongoing heat stimulation and after its reduction, increased with repetitions. However, this increase levelled off after two to four repetitions. Further, perceived pain relief was larger in the condition without control compared to the condition with control.ConclusionThe perception of pain relief can be modulated similar to the perception of pain by stimulus characteristics and psychological factors. Mechanistic knowledge about such modulating factors is important, because they can determine, e.g., the amount of requested pain killers in clinical settings and the efficacy of pain relief as a reinforcing stimulus.SignificanceWhen in pain, pain relief can become an all‐dominate goal. The perception of such pain relief can vary depending on external and internal characteristics and thus modulate, e.g., requests for pain killers in clinical settings. Here, we show that perceived intensity and pleasantness of pain relief changes with repetitions and whether the preceding pain is perceived as uncontrollable. Such mechanistic knowledge needs to be considered to maximize the effects of pain relief as a rewarding and reinforcing stimulus.
Evaluating the fire risk associated with cladding panels: An overview of fire incidents, policies, and future perspective in fire standards
Authors: Yuen Anthony Chun Yin , Chen Timothy Bo Yuan , Li Ao , De Cachinho Cordeiro Ivan Miguel , Liu Luzhe , Liu Hengrui , Lo Anson Lok Pui , Chan Qing Nian , Yeoh Guan Heng 
Published: April 2021

SummaryMultifunctional building façades have become an increasingly critical component in modern buildings, especially after the tremendous scrutiny triggered by the utilization of combustible aluminum cladding panels (ACP) in the construction sector. Following the massive effort by both industry and government agencies to reduce the fire risks of combustible façades in recent years, façades with insufficient fire ratings have been continuously causing severe building fires leading to countless human casualties and properties damages. This review aims to provide an in‐depth overview of the previous developments and current progress for establishing relevant fire standards with regards to ACPs, from an Australian standpoint. The fire spread mechanisms associate with ACPs, and their potential hazards were discussed. Furthermore, the current building regulations for ACPs have been reviewed, including detailed experimental procedures and rating criterion for all existing international standards. To address the research knowledge gap in terms of the understanding of the cladding fire mechanisms, and combustibility of existing ACP polymer composites, recent advancement in experimental and numerical studies has been summarized and discussed to identify the critical issues and concerns for current ACP products. Future perspectives involving cutting‐edge approaches such as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling coupled with artificial neural network (ANN) optimization are advocated in this article. Additionally, fundamental material characterization techniques using molecular dynamics (MD) approaches can be implemented to deliver a better description of the degradation kinetics and smoke/toxicity generations.
Microbiota profiles and dynamics in fermented plant‐based products and preliminary assessment of their in vitro gut microbiota modulation
Authors: Lavefve Laura , Cureau Natacha , Rodhouse Lindsey , Marasini Daya , Walker Laura M. , Ashley Danielle , Lee Sun‐Ok , Gadonna‐Widehem Pascale , Anton Pauline M. , Carbonero Franck 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConsumption of fermented food has long been associated with health benefits, but there is still limited knowledge on the bacterial dynamics in plant‐based food fermentation outside of culture‐based studies. Different fermented plant‐based products were assessed for the presence of Archaea and their microbiota bacterial dynamics during the fermentation. Archaea were consistently detected in the brine of the vegetables, and constant increase in gene copy number throughout the fermentation of kraut indicated that Archaea were not only viable but actively growing. The plant‐associated bacterial microbiota of cabbage and jalapeno were dominated by Proteobacteria, specifically Pseudomonas (51% and 39% respectively), while the okra harbored roughly equal numbers of firmicutes and proteobacteria. In cabbage and jalapeno fermentations, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which were detected in extremely low levels in raw products, became dominant with expected succession of heterofermentative and homofermentative species. These two stages were not detected in the fermentation of okra, and Lactobacillus remained the most abundant genera. The kombucha fermentation was dominated by Gluconacetobacter as reported previously, but also characterized by high abundance of Bacteroides. Intriguingly, the microbiota composition and dynamics were very different between the two kombucha batches tested, suggesting redundancy in microorganisms’ fermentative roles. Finally, a preliminary in vitro fermentation study was indicative of a potential bifidogenic effect of microbial metabolites from kombucha. Collectively, these data indicate that fermented plant products harbor a highly diverse microbiota, bacteria, and archaea, even after the end of the fermentation.
Schlitzentlastungs‐ und Kompensationsmethode zur Messung der Druckspannungen im Randbereich geotechnischer Bauwerke – Empfehlung Nr. 22 des Arbeitskreises 3.3 – Versuchstechnik Fels – der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geotechnik e. V.
Authors: Fröhlich Bernhard , Schlebusch Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDer Arbeitskreis AK 3.3 „Versuchstechnik Fels“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geotechnik e. V. erarbeitet Empfehlungen für felsmechanische Labor‐ und Feldversuche sowie Messungen im Gebirge und an geotechnischen Bauwerken. Die vorliegende Empfehlung Nr. 22 behandelt die Messung von Druckspannungen im Randbereich von geotechnischen Bauwerken und von Bauteilen mit der Schlitzentlastungs‐ und Kompensationsmethode. Es werden das Messprinzip, die Versuchseinrichtung, die praktische Anwendung am Versuchsort und die Auswertung anhand eines Beispiels erläutert.
Distinct functional and structural connections predict crystallised and fluid cognition in healthy adults
Authors: Dhamala Elvisha , Jamison Keith W. , Jaywant Abhishek , Dennis Sarah , Kuceyeski Amy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhite matter pathways between neurons facilitate neuronal coactivation patterns in the brain. Insight into how these structural and functional connections underlie complex cognitive functions provides an important foundation with which to delineate disease‐related changes in cognitive functioning. Here, we integrate neuroimaging, connectomics, and machine learning approaches to explore how functional and structural brain connectivity relate to cognition. Specifically, we evaluate the extent to which functional and structural connectivity predict individual crystallised and fluid cognitive abilities in 415 unrelated healthy young adults (202 females) from the Human Connectome Project. We report three main findings. First, we demonstrate functional connectivity is more predictive of cognitive scores than structural connectivity, and, furthermore, integrating the two modalities does not increase explained variance. Second, we show the quality of cognitive prediction from connectome measures is influenced by the choice of grey matter parcellation, and, possibly, how that parcellation is derived. Third, we find that distinct functional and structural connections predict crystallised and fluid abilities. Taken together, our results suggest that functional and structural connectivity have unique relationships with crystallised and fluid cognition and, furthermore, studying both modalities provides a more comprehensive insight into the neural correlates of cognition.
The effect of subcutaneous injection of methylprednisolone acetate and lidocaine for refractory postherpetic neuralgia: a prospective, observational study
Authors: Nguyen Duc Thuan , Dang Thanh Chung , Nguyen Quang An , Le Trung Duc , Hoang Thi Dung , Tran Thi Ngoc Truong , Duong Ta Hai Ninh , Nguyen Van Tuan , Le Van Quan , Hoang Tien Ung , Duong Minh Tuan , Nhu Dinh Son , Phan Viet Nga 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPostherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the most common and bearable complication of herpes zoster (HZ). This pain may have negative impact on the patient's all aspects of daily life and health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). Despite numerous advances in treatment, many patients remain resistant to the current therapy options. It is the first time subcutaneous injection of methylprednisolone acetate and lidocaine has been used to treat refractory PHN. We report the results of this treatment evaluating pain relief and HRQOL improvement in this disorder.MethodsA total of 43 patients with refractory PHN was enrolled in the observational study. All patients received daily subcutaneous injection of methylprednisolone acetate and lidocaine for 10 consecutive days. The severity of pain was assessed by using Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and 36‐Item Short Form Survey (SF‐36) was applied to evaluate HRQOL. Assessment of the pain and HRQOL was carried out at baseline and posttreatment at 4 weeks as well as 6 and 12 months.ResultsAt baseline, all patients experienced severe PHN with average VAS scores of 8.44 ± 0.85 (minimum 7; maximum 10). At 4 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months after treatment, the pain had significantly decreased (P < .001), and all subjects showed significant improvement in all eight domains of HRQOL. No major adverse events associated with the subcutaneous injection were observed.ConclusionsOur results indicate that subcutaneous injection of methylprednisolone acetate and lidocaine can be an effective and safe treatment for PHN.
Heat and mass transfer analysis of combined convection in a horizontal rectangle
Authors: Ambethkar Vusala , Basumatary Lakshmi R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, the heat and mass transfer of combined free and forced convection in the horizontal rectangle is explored. The governing equations together with the boundary conditions are solved numerically by using the finite volume method. The innovative idea in this study is to appropriately modify the Semi‐Implicit Method for Pressure‐Linked Equations algorithm and thereby, the numerical solutions of the flow variables such as the temperature and the concentration in addition to the components of velocity and the pressure are computed. The Richardson numbers (Ri) for distinct gases and liquids are calculated for different Rayleigh numbers at low (Re = 50) and high (Re = 5000) Reynolds numbers. The dimensionless parameters, such as the Reynolds number (Re), the Prandtl number (Pr), and the Schmidt number (Sc) are appropriately chosen to calculate the Richardson numbers. Consequently, combined free and forced convection effects are analyzed. Furthermore, the heat and mass transfer aspect for distinct gases and liquids is critically examined using empirical correlations. The accuracy and the validation of these results are ensured owing to the solutions obtained from correlations being advised in this study and those are existing in the literature.
Simultaneous multi‐spectral, single‐photon fluorescence imaging using a plasmonic colour filter array
Authors: Connolly Peter W. R. , Valli Jessica , Shah Yash D. , Altmann Yoann , Grant James , Accarino Claudio , Rickman Colin , Cumming David R. S. , Buller Gerald S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe present the first realisation of simultaneous multi‐spectral fluorescence imaging using a single‐photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array, where the spectral unmixing is facilitated by a plasmonic metasurface mosaic colour filter array (CFA). A 64 × 64 pixel format silicon SPAD array is used to record widefield fluorescence and brightfield data from four biological samples. A plasmonic metasurface composed of an arrangement of circular and elliptical nanoholes etched into an aluminium thin film deposited on a glass substrate provides the high transmission efficiency CFA, enabling a bespoke spectral unmixing algorithm to reconstruct high fidelity, full colour images from as few as ∼3 photons per pixel. This approach points the way toward real‐time, single‐photon sensitive multi‐spectral fluorescence imaging. Furthermore, this is possible without additional bulky components such as a filter wheel, prism or diffraction grating, nor the need for multiple sample exposures or multiple detectors.
Sarcopenia Definitions as Predictors of Fracture Risk Independent of FRAX®, Falls, and BMD in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Harvey Nicholas C , Orwoll Eric , Kwok Timothy , Karlsson Magnus K , Rosengren Björn E , Ribom Eva , Cauley Jane A , Cawthon Peggy M , Ensrud Kristine , Liu Enwu , Cruz-Jentoft Alfonso J , Fielding Roger A , Cooper Cyrus , Kanis John A , Lorentzon Mattias , Ohlsson Claes , Mellström Dan , Johansson Helena , McCloskey Eugene 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived appendicular lean mass/height2 (ALM/ht2) is the most commonly used estimate of muscle mass in the assessment of sarcopenia, but its predictive value for fracture is substantially attenuated by femoral neck (fn) bone mineral density (BMD). We investigated predictive value of 11 sarcopenia definitions for incident fracture, independent of fnBMD, fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX®) probability, and prior falls, using an extension of Poisson regression in US, Sweden, and Hong Kong Osteoporois Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) cohorts. Definitions tested were those of Baumgartner and Delmonico (ALM/ht2 only), Morley, the International Working Group on Sarcopenia, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP1 and 2), Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia, Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) 1 and 2 (using ALM/body mass index [BMI], incorporating muscle strength and/or physical performance measures plus ALM/ht2), and Sarcopenia Definitions and Outcomes Consortium (gait speed and grip strength). Associations were adjusted for age and time since baseline and reported as hazard ratio (HR) for first incident fracture, here major osteoporotic fracture (MOF; clinical vertebral, hip, distal forearm, proximal humerus). Further analyses adjusted additionally for FRAX-MOF probability (n = 7531; calculated ± fnBMD), prior falls (y/n), or fnBMD T-score. Results were synthesized by meta-analysis. In 5660 men in USA, 2764 Sweden and 1987 Hong Kong (mean ages 73.5, 75.4, and 72.4 years, respectively), sarcopenia prevalence ranged from 0.5% to 35%. Sarcopenia status, by all definitions except those of FNIH, was associated with incident MOF (HR = 1.39 to 2.07). Associations were robust to adjustment for prior falls or FRAX probability (without fnBMD); adjustment for fnBMD T-score attenuated associations. EWGSOP2 severe sarcopenia (incorporating chair stand time, gait speed, and grip strength plus ALM) was most predictive, albeit at low prevalence, and appeared only modestly influenced by inclusion of fnBMD. In conclusion, the predictive value for fracture of sarcopenia definitions based on ALM is reduced by adjustment for fnBMD but strengthened by additional inclusion of physical performance measures. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
How are uncertain prenatal genetic results perceived and managed two years after they were received? A qualitative interview study
Authors: Lou Stina , Jensen Amalie Hahn , Vogel Ida 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChromosomal microarray has considerably improved our ability to identify or dismiss genetic conditions in the unborn child. However, this detailed analysis also reveals copy number variants (CNVs) of unknown or uncertain significance, in which the specific child's prognosis can be difficult to predict. Little is known about the longer‐term impacts of receiving an uncertain prenatal CNV result. Our qualitative study explored how such a result was perceived and managed in everyday life, 2 years after it was received. From an original sample of 16 couples, nine women participated in a semi‐structured follow‐up phone interview. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that these women did not perceive the CNV result to be a part of their everyday lives. They managed the CNV result by focusing on the child's positive development, by not sharing the CNV information in wider social networks, and by emphasizing parental values such as taking life as it comes, welcoming human variation, and accepting that dealing with a child's struggles is an inherent part of parenthood. Overall, the women expressed a positive attitude toward prenatal genetic information about serious disorders but considered ‘their’ CNV to be close to normal; several women suggested that such findings should not be reported. However, they also recognized the difficulties in making such decisions, given variable penetrance and that couples’ definitions of ‘serious’ could vary significantly. The diagnostic process during pregnancy was remembered as being highly stressful, and many expressed a need for more control in a future pregnancy. Our study provides insight into how mothers reconfigure CNV results to fit their values and everyday lives. When delivering uncertain CNV results in a prenatal setting, genetics healthcare providers should present and discuss long‐term coping strategies with expecting parents.
Serum cystatin C as a predictor of 90‐day mortality among patients admitted with complications of cirrhosis
Authors: Suksamai Anuchit , Chaiprasert Amnart , Chirapongsathorn Sakkarin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground and AimCystatin C (Cys) is not affected by age, sex, and muscle mass. We evaluated to compare the predictive performance of serum Cys level and model for end‐stage liver disease (MELD) score and developed a new model to predict 90‐day mortality among patients admitted with cirrhosis complications.MethodsA prospective cohort study was performed from December 2018 to December 2019. All cirrhotic patients admitted with acute decompensated liver cirrhosis or acute on chronic liver failure had laboratory values measured within 48 h of admission.ResultsA cohort of 225 patients with cirrhosis was admitted during the study period. Sixty‐five patients were eligible for analysis. Twenty‐seven of these patients (41.4%) died within 90 days of follow‐up. The median of MELD score was 20.5 (15, 24). Serum Cys level of >1.45 mg/L had the highest 90‐day mortality prediction with the sensitivity and specificity of 66.7% and 68.4%, respectively. Cys and MELD scores were predictive of 90‐day mortality: Cys hazard ratio (HR) = 2.04 (95% CI 1.01–4.14, P = 0.048); MELD score HR = 1.01 (95% CI 0.51–2.01, P = 0.970). C‐statistic of Cys, MELD score, model for end‐stage liver disease‐cystatin C (MELD‐Cys) score, combined Cys with MELD‐Cys score to predict 90‐day mortality were 0.67, 0.58, 0.58, and 0.63, respectively. Adding Cys to the MELD score did not improve the predictive of 90‐day mortality.ConclusionSerum Cys is superior to MELD score, and the new MELD‐Cys model is comparable to the MELD score in predicting mortality among patients with cirrhosis admitted with complications.
Association between the HLA genotype and the severity of COVID‐19 infection among South Asians
Authors: Naemi Fatmah M. A. , Al‐adwani Shurooq , Al‐khatabi Heba , Al‐nazawi Ashwaq 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRegional variations are found in the incidence and severity of the COVID‐19 infection. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) polymorphism is one of the genetic factors that might have an impact on the outcome of the disease. This study explored the association between the HLA genotype and the severity of COVID‐19 among patients from South Asia. Blood samples from 95 Asians (Bangladeshis, Indians, and Pakistanis) with COVID‐19 were collected. The patients were divided according to the severity of their infection: mild (N = 64), severe (N = 31), and fatal (N = 20). DNA was extracted from all samples, and HLA genotyping was performed for both class I (A, B, and C) and class II (DRB1, DQA1, and DQB1) using the PCR‐rSSO (polymerase chain reaction–reverse sequence‐specific oligonucleotide) molecular method. The frequency of HLA‐B*51 was significantly higher among patients in the fatal group than among those in the mild infection group (15% vs. 4.7%, p = 0.027). Additionally, the frequency of HLA‐B*35 was significantly higher in the mild infection group than in the fatal group (21.1% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.050 [a borderline p‐value]). In terms of HLA class II, DRB1*13 was significantly observed in the fatal group than in the mild infection group (17.5% vs. 11.3%, p = 0.049). However, the p‐value for all alleles became insignificant after a statistical correction for the p‐values (pc = 0.216, pc = 0.4, and pc = 0.49, respectively). Compared with all published data, this study highlights that the association between the HLA system and the COVID‐19 outcome might be ethnic‐dependent. Genetic variation between populations must be examined on a wider scale to assess infection prognosis and vaccine effectiveness.