bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An EEG investigation of alpha and beta activity during resting states in adults with Williams syndrome
Authors: Greer Joanna M. H. , Riby Deborah M. , McMullon Mhairi E. G. , Hamilton Colin , Riby Leigh M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Williams syndrome (WS) is neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by executive deficits of attention and inhibitory processing. The current study examined the neural mechanisms during resting states in adults with WS in order to investigate how this subserves the attention and inhibitory deficits associated with the syndrome.

Method
Adopting electroencephalography (EEG) methodology, cortical electrical activity was recorded from eleven adults with WS aged 35 + years during Eyes Closed (EC) and Eyes Open (EO) resting states, and compared to that of thirteen typically developing adults matched for chronological age (CA) and ten typically developing children matched for verbal mental ability (MA). Using mixed-design analyses of variance (ANOVA), analyses focused on the full alpha (8–12.5 Hz), low-alpha (8–10 Hz), upper-alpha (10–12.5 Hz), and beta (13–29.5 Hz) bands, as these are thought to have functional significance with attentional and inhibitory processes.

Results
No significant difference in alpha power were found between the WS and CA groups across all analyses, however a trend for numerically lower alpha power was observed in the WS group, consistent with other developmental disorders characterised by attentional/inhibitory deficits such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In contrast, comparable beta power between the WS and CA groups during both EC/EO conditions suggests that their baseline EEG signature is commensurate with successful attentional processing, though this needs to be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size. Analyses also revealed an unusual trend for low variability in the EEG signature of the WS group, which contradicts the heterogeneity typically observed behaviourally.

Conclusions
This novel finding of low variability in the EEG spectra in the WS group has been previously associated with poor behavioural performance in ADHD and is highly informative, highlighting future research needs to also consider how the role of low variability in the EEG profile of WS manifests in relation to their behavioural and cognitive profiles.
The impact of moral injury on the wellbeing of UK military veterans
Authors: Williamson Victoria , Murphy Dominic , Stevelink Sharon A. M. , Allen Shannon , Jones Edgar , Greenberg Neil 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Experiences of potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) have been found to negatively impact the mental health of US personnel/veterans, yet little is known about the effect of PMIEs on the mental health of the UK Armed Forces (AF). This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the association between PMIEs and the mental health outcomes of UK AF veterans.

Method
Assessments of PMIE exposure and self-report measures of common mental disorders were administered using an online questionnaire to 204 UK veterans. Subjects were classified as having experienced a morally injurious event (n = 66), a non-morally injurious traumatic event (n = 57), a ‘mixed’ event (n = 31), or no event (n = 50).

Results
Potentially morally injurious experiences were associated with adverse mental health outcomes, including likely anxiety disorders and suicidal ideation, compared to those who reported no event exposure. The likelihood of meeting criteria for probable PTSD was greatest in those who had experienced a non-morally injurious trauma. No statistically significant association between alcohol misuse and experiencing a PMIE or traumatic event was observed.

Conclusions
The results provide preliminary evidence that potentially morally injurious experiences are associated with adverse mental health outcomes in UK AF veterans. Further work is needed to better understand the interplay between morally injurious events and threat-based trauma in order to design effective pathways for prevention and intervention for people exposed to highly challenging events.
Synergistic effect of organic and inorganic fertilization on the soil inoculum density of the soilborne pathogens Verticillium dahliae and Phytophthora spp. under open-field conditions
Authors: Cocozza Claudio , Abdeldaym Emad Abdelhameed , Brunetti Gennaro , Nigro Franco , Traversa Andreina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing demand of food causes an excessive exploitation of agricultural lands, often inducing phenomena of soil sickness accompanied by the development of soilborne diseases. The use of residual biomasses together with inorganic fertilizers can be considered a good agricultural practice for controlling the inoculum density of soilborne phytopathogens since soil conditioners can release inorganic nitrogen, polyphenols and fatty acids that, especially in vitro, have demonstrated various degree of suppressiveness against such pathogens. Further, soil organic amendments can also modify the population of soil culturable bacteria and fungi that, in turn, can affect the soilborne diseases in several ways. With this study, the authors aim to evaluate the impact of the synergistic application of different biomasses and inorganic fertilizers on the soil inoculum density ofVerticillium dahliaeandPhytophthoraspp.during two potato cycles under open-field conditions. The biomasses used for the fertilization of the potato crop were olive pomace residues (OPR), composts from municipal solid wastes (CMW), spent mushroom compost (SMC), and livestock manure-based compost (BRX).ResultsThe inoculum density ofVerticillium dahliaeappeared inhibited by BRX due to its low C/N ratio that caused a quicker release of inorganic nitrogen with respect to the others soil conditioners. In contrast, OPR was conducive to the aforementioned soilborne pathogen since that biomass was characterized by a very high percentage of unsaturated fatty acids that, rather, stimulate the inoculum density ofV. dahliae. Finally, polyphenols did not influence the same pathogen because they apparently turned into no toxic compounds very quickly. The inoculum density ofPhytophthoraspp.was reduced equally by all the biomasses used in combination with the inorganic fertilizers, regardless of their composition and quantity, mainly because of the development of general microbial suppression. Therefore, the chemical characteristics of the soil conditioners apparently did not affect the inoculum density ofPhytophthoraspp.ConclusionsThe results of this work underline the behavioral diversity of the different pathogens towards the different means adopted.Phytophthoraspp. are sensitive to any kind of biomasses combined with inorganic fertilizers while the inoculum density ofVerticillium dahliaeshould be reduced using soil conditioners characterized by low C/N ratio and low quantity of unsaturated fatty acids.
The implementation of pharmaceutical services in public hospitals in Mexico: an analysis of the legal framework and organizational practice
Authors: Vargas López Laura C. , Viso Gurovich Fela , Dreser Mansilla Anahí , Wirtz Veronika J. , Reich Michael R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The implementation of pharmaceutical services in hospitals contributes to the appropriate use of medicines and patient safety. However, the relationship of implementation with the legal framework and organizational practice has not been studied in depth. The objective of this research is to determine the role of these two factors (the legal framework and organizational practice) in the implementation of pharmaceutical services in public hospitals of the Ministry of Health of Mexico.

Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four groups of actors involved. The analysis focused on the legal framework, defined as the rules, laws and regulations, and on organizational practice, defined as the implementation of the legal framework by related individuals, that is, how they put it into practice.

Results
The main problems identified were the lack of alignment between the rules and the incentives for compliance. Decision-makers identified the lack of managerial capacity in hospitals as the main implementation barrier, while hospital pharmacists pointed to poor regulation and the lack of clarity of the legal framework as the problems to consider.

Conclusions
Although the legal framework related to hospital pharmaceutical services in Mexico is inadequate, organizational factors (such as adequate skills of professional pharmacists and the support of the hospital director) have facilitated gradual implementation. To improve implementation, priority should be given to evaluation and modification of the current legislation along with the development of an official minimum standard for activities and services in hospital pharmacies.
Classification of chest radiographs using general purpose cloud-based automated machine learning: pilot study
Authors: Ghosh Tamaghna , Tanwar Simran , Chumber Shishir , Vani Kavita 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Widespread implementation of machine learning models in diagnostic imaging is restricted by dearth of expertise and resources. General purpose automated machine learning offers a possible solution.
This study aims to provide a proof of concept that a general purpose automated machine learning platform can be utilized to train a CNN to classify chest radiographs.
In a retrospective study, more than 2000 postero-anterior chest radiographs were assessed for quality, contrast, position, and pathology. A selected dataset of 637 radiographs were used to train a CNN using reinforcement learning based automated machine learning platform. Accuracy metrics of each label was calculated and model performance was compared to previous studies.

Results
The auPRC (area under precision-recall curve) was 0.616. The model achieved precision of 70.8% and recall of 60.7% (P > 0.05) for detection of “Normal” radiographs. Detection of “Pathology” by the model had a precision of 75.6% and recall of 75.6% (P > 0.05). The F1 scores were 0.65 and 0.75 respectively.

Conclusion
Automated machine learning platforms may provide viable alternatives to developing custom CNN models for classification of chest radiographs. However, the accuracy achieved is lower than a comparable traditionally developed neural network model.
Lithofacies, depositional, and diagenetic controls on the reservoir quality of the Mississippian mixed siliciclastic-carbonate system, eastern Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma, USA
Authors: Suriamin Fnu , Pranter Matthew J. 
Published: May 2021

In the eastern Anadarko Basin of central Oklahoma, the variability of Mississippian lithofacies, diagenetic products, and reservoir quality is critical for reservoir development. We have investigated lithofacies variability based on sedimentological characteristics and diagenetic alteration through integration of core and thin sections by using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray diffraction spectroscope, and electron probe microanalyzer-cathodoluminescence analyses. Based on detailed descriptions of five cores (approximately 260 m [approximately 850 ft]) and analysis of 34 thin sections, we concluded that the Mississippian strata consists of eight lithofacies that represent wave-influenced nearshore with restricted embayment (lagoon) and channel or lobe deposits. We observed diagenetic alteration including calcite cementation, mechanical compaction, albitization, quartz cementation, silicification, dolomitization, Fe-dolomite cementation, pyritization, and dissolution. A paragenesis scheme suggests that quartz cementation occurred earlier compared to albitization and Fe-dolomite cementation. The Fe-dolomite is the latest authigenic mineral formed, whereas the quartz and calcite cement can be attributed to earlier diagenesis. The calcite, quartz, and Fe-dolomite cementation might have potentially increased the brittleness index and frackability of the rocks. The reservoir quality is relatively good in the channel or lobe deposits and is generally poor in the upper shoreface to upper offshore environments. The reservoir quality is significantly reduced by clays, calcite cement, and mechanical compaction. However, the dissolution of calcite cement and detrital grains tends to improve reservoir quality by forming secondary pores. We prove that understanding the characteristic of lithofacies variation, depositional environments, and diagenetic alterations of the Mississippian strata is crucial for optimal development of the Mississippian reservoirs in the eastern Anadarko Basin. We develop a predictive framework that aids in reservoir characterization.
What mental health professionals and organisations should do to address climate change
Authors: Monsell Adam , Krzanowski Jacob , Page Lisa , Cuthbert Sharon , Harvey Guy 
Published: May 2021

Aims and methodThe climate change emergency is also a mental healthcare emergency. We seek to provide a framework for what mental health professionals and organisations should do to make their practice more sustainable.ResultsThere are ethical, legal and organisational imperatives to make mental healthcare more sustainable. Mental healthcare must be refocused with an emphasis on prevention, building social capital and community resilience. Patients must be empowered to manage their own mental health. Efficiencies should be found within the system. Low-carbon ways to deliver care must be found, measured and improved upon. Greater adaptability needs to be built into the system to mitigate the impact of climate change. Sustainability should be integrated into training programmes, and good examples of practice shared and celebrated.Clinical implicationsMental health organisations and individuals must act now to prevent and adapt for the climate and ecological emergency. Sustainable practice is also good practice.
Examining the effects of national initiatives to improve the physical health of people with psychosis in England: secondary analysis of data from the National Clinical Audit of Psychosis
Authors: Williams Ryan , Natkulasingam Sagana , Tooke Beatrice , Webster Ella , Quirk Alan , Gupta Veenu , French Paul , Smith Jo , Crawford Mike J. 
Published: May 2021

Aims and MethodsTo examine whether national initiatives have led to improvements in the physical health of people with psychosis. Secondary analysis of a national audit of services for people with psychosis. Proportions of patients in ‘good health’ according to seven measures, and one composite measure derived from national standards, were compared between multiple rounds of data collection.ResultsThe proportion of patients in overall ‘good health’ under the care of ‘Early Intervention in Psychosis’ teams increased from 2014–2019, particularly for measures of smoking, alcohol and substance use. There was no overall change in the proportion of patients in overall ‘good health’ under the care of ‘Community Mental Health Teams’ from 2011–2017. However, there were improvements in alcohol use, blood glucose and lipid levels.Clinical implicationsThere have been modest improvements in the health of people with psychosis over the last nine years. Continuing efforts are required to translate these improvements into reductions in premature mortality.
Video intervention to increase treatment-seeking by healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: randomised controlled trial
Authors: Amsalem Doron , Lazarov Amit , Markowitz John C. , Smith Thomas E. , Dixon Lisa B. , Neria Yuval 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundMany healthcare workers do not seek help, despite their enormous stress and greater risk for anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).AimsThis study screened for psychopathology and evaluated the efficacy of a brief, social contact-based video intervention in increasing treatment-seeking intentions among healthcare workers (trial registration: NCT04497415). We anticipated finding high rates of psychopathology and greater treatment-seeking intentions post-intervention.MethodHealthcare workers (n= 350) were randomised to (a) a brief video-based intervention at day 1, coupled with a booster video at day 14; (b) the video at day 1 only; or (c) a non-intervention control. In the 3 min video, a female nurse described difficulty coping with stress, her anxieties and depression, barriers to care and how therapy helped her. Assessments were conducted pre- and post-intervention and at 14- and 30-day follow-ups.ResultsOf the 350 healthcare workers, 281 (80%) reported probable anxiety, depression and/or PTSD. Participants were principally nurses (n= 237; 68%), physicians (n= 52; 15%) and emergency medical technicians (n= 30; 9%). The brief video-based intervention yielded greater increases in treatment-seeking intentions than the control condition, particularly among participants in the repeat-video group. Exploratory analysis revealed that in both video groups, we found greater effect among nurses than non-nurses.ConclusionsA brief video-based intervention increased treatment-seeking intention, possibly through identification and emotional engagement with the video protagonist. A booster video magnified that effect. This easily disseminated intervention could increase the likelihood of seeking care and offer employers a proactive approach to encourage employees to search for help if needed.
Optimal Donor Selection for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Using Bayesian Machine Learning
Authors: Logan Brent R. , Maiers Martin J. , Sparapani Rodney A. , Laud Purushottam W. , Spellman Stephen R. , McCulloch Robert E. , Shaw Bronwen E. 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSEDonor selection practices for matched unrelated donor (MUD) hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) vary, and the impact of optimizing donor selection in a patient-specific way using modern machine learning (ML) models has not been studied.METHODSWe trained a Bayesian ML model in 10,318 patients who underwent MUD HCT from 1999 to 2014 to provide patient- and donor-specific predictions of clinically severe (grade 3 or 4) acute graft-versus-host disease or death by day 180. The model was validated in 3,501 patients from 2015 to 2016 with archived records of potential donors at search. Donor selection optimizing predicted outcomes was implemented over either an unlimited donor pool or the donors in the search archives. Posterior mean differences in outcomes from optimal donor selection versus actual practice were summarized per patient and across the population with 95% intervals.RESULTSEvent rates were 33% (training) and 37% (validation). Among donor features, only age affected outcomes, with the effect consistent regardless of patient features. The median (interquartile range) difference in age between the youngest donor at search and the selected donor was 6 (1-10) years, whereas the number of donors per patient younger than the selected donor was 6 (1-36). Fourteen percent of the validation data set had an approximate 5% absolute reduction in event rates from selecting the youngest donor at search versus the actual donor used, leading to an absolute population reduction of 1% (95% interval, 0 to 3).CONCLUSIONWe confirmed the singular importance of selecting the youngest available MUD, irrespective of patient features, identified potential for improved HCT outcomes by selecting a younger MUD, and demonstrated use of novel ML models transferable to optimize other complex treatment decisions in a patient-specific way.
Socjodemograficzne determinanty aktywności turystycznej beneficjentów programu socjalnego Rodzina 500+ w Polsce
Authors: Bolechowski Franciszek 
Published: May 2021

Głównym celem rozdziału jest wskazanie socjodemograficznych determinant aktywności turystycznej beneficjentów programu socjalnego Rodzina 500+ w Polsce. W oparciu o wyniki badań przeprowadzonych od stycznia do maja 2020 r. za pomocą sondażu diagnostycznego wśród 64 Polaków korzystających z tego rodzaju wsparcia socjalnego pozytywnie zweryfikowano tezę główną mówiącą o tym, że po zaspokojeniu potrzeb podstawowych na pewnym poziomie rodziny mogą sobie pozwolić na konsumpcję według upodobania, a w jej ramach na aktywność turystyczną lub częstsze jej podejmowanie. Ponadto, stosując test zależności chi-kwadrat Pearsona, potwierdzono następujące hipotezy cząstkowe: 1. Wraz ze wzrostem miesięcznego dochodu na członka rodziny wzrasta częstotliwość wyjazdów turystycznych. 2. Im liczniejsze gospodarstwo domowe, tym rzadziej jego członkowie podróżują za granicę. 3. Im wyższe wykształcenie rodzica, tym częściej rodzina wyjeżdża w celach poznawczych. Część empiryczną poprzedził przegląd piśmiennictwa na temat wpływu pomocy socjalnej na gospodarkę i rynek.
Dziedzictwo kulinarne województwa małopolskiego w opinii podróżujących
Authors: Zatorska Żaneta 
Published: May 2021

Celem niniejszego rozdziału jest dokonanie ogólnej charakterystyki dziedzictwa kulinarnego województwa małopolskiego oraz poznanie stanu wiedzy i opinii podróżujących po tym regionie turystów na jego temat. W pierwszej części pracy krótko przedstawiono bogactwo kulinarne Małopolski. W drugiej natomiast omówiono wyniki badań własnych, przeprowadzonych z wykorzystaniem anonimowego kwestionariusza ankiety. W podsumowaniu znalazły się uwagi i wnioski wynikające z analiz, w tym odnoszące się do weryfikacji czterech postawionych hipotez badawczych.
Hypertrophic Gastric folds with Hypomagnesemia, linking the dots
Authors: Zafar Mansoor , Muhammad Tila , Saher Najam us , Toqeer Muhammad 
Published: May 2021

A Caucasian man in early 80s was seen in Gastroenterology Clinic, following, referral from the Endocrinology Clinic for concerns for CT Abdomen requested for tiredness and weight loss of three kilograms. The patient also had microcytic picture with low MCV and Ferritin and hypomagnesemia. The CT suggested gross circumferential thickening of the wall of stomach with advice for invasive investigations to further characterise the CT findings. The Endoscopy suggested grossly enlarged rugae in the stomach, and enlarged gastric polyps. Patient was assured no new sinister abnormality.
Treatment challenges to consider were to stop acid suppression by prescribing Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) which would lead to stomach ulcers, or to continue with PPIs with sequalae of worsening of hypertrophic gastric folds, enlarged gastric polyps and hypomagnesemia. It would be necessary to consider risk versus benefits in either situation to determine an appropriate treatment plan in the long term.
With background of Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome and MEN1 with heterozygous mutation with gastrinoma of the duodenum, and frailty he was advised to continue with Proton Pump Inhibitors with twice weekly correction of Magnesium infusions, and Iron tablets following Multi-disciplinary meeting.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3984
How to cite this:Zafar M, Muhammad T, Najam-us-Saher, Toqeer M. Hypertrophic Gastric folds with Hypomagnesemia, linking the dots. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):1237-1240. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3984
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.