bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Long-term Cold Storage on Indoor-reared Harmonia Axyridis Adults
Authors: Sun Yuan-Xing , Hao Ya-Nan , Li Ming-Ling , Liu Chang-Zhong , Wang Sen-Shan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Indoor-reared natural enemy with high quality after long-term cold storage is crucial for sustainable pest management. However, besides survivals, the sublethal effects were not widely been reported. In this study, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), an important biological control agent in Asia, was reared with β-carotene-amended artificial diet (Ha-Car) before storing at 6°C. After 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of storage, a series of biological parameters were measured to evaluate the fitness of H. axyridis. We found that: (1) Survivals significantly decreased with prolonged storage, and more Ha-Car individuals survived at day 120 compared to Ha-CK (control); (2) The contents of glycogen and trehalose dramatically decreased following storage, and the weight losses gradually increased; (3) The average egg production and hatch rates within 15 days were not significantly different among treatments Ha-Car and Ha-CK following long-term storage (90 and 120 days), while the daily hatch rates gradually decreased from relatively high to zero at day 14 and 15; (4) The number of micropyles deposited on eggs also gradually decreased along with oviposition period. After re-mating with a new non-stored partner, the egg viability gradually increased again, while low egg viability was still detected in F1 generation. Moreover, reduced number of micropyles were detected on their eggs. In summary, Ha-Car can be cold stored for about 120 days with relatively high survivals and fecundity, but long-term storage produced remarkable intra- and trans-generational negative effects on fertility. Even though, the cold-stored H. axyridis had great potential being used in biological control program with inevitable promiscuity with field individuals.
Magnetic Properties and Kinetic Roughening Study of Prepared Polyaniline- Lead Ferrite, Cobalt Ferrite and Nickel Ferrite Nanocomposites Electrodeposited Thin Films
Authors: Abbasi Leila , Hedayati Kambiz , Ghanbari Davood 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to prepare polyaniline-lead ferrite, polyaniline-cobalt ferrite and polyaniline / nickel ferrite thin layers. The preparation process consists of two steps: First, ferrites are synthesized using a microwave irradiated hydrothermal method. The ferrites were then added separately to 0.1 M aniline electrolyte solution and 0.2 M sulfuric acid. The accumulation of polyaniline and ferrite composites was carried out in an electrochemical cell by electrodeposition method. The surface morphology of the composite layers was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and the percentage of the constituents was studied by X-ray energy scattering (EDX) analysis. Also, surface roughness analysis and kinetic roughening of thin films was performed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Hysteresis loop of magnetic samples were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The structure and crystalline size of samples studied by X-ray diffraction analyze.
Comparisons in Temperature and Photoperiodic-dependent Diapause Induction between Domestic and Wild Mulberry Silkworms
Authors: Yokoyama Takeshi , Saito Shigeru , Shimoda Misato , Kobayashi Masakazu , Takasu Yoko , Sezutsu Hideki , Kato Yoshiomi , Tominaga Makoto , Mizoguchi Akira , Shiomi Kunihiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The bivoltine strain of the domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori, has two generations per year. It shows a facultative diapause phenotype determined by environmental conditions, including photoperiod and temperature, and nutrient conditions during embryonic and larval development of the mother. However, it remains unclear how the environmental signals received during development are selectively utilized as cues to determine alternative diapause phenotypes. We performed a comparative analysis between the Kosetsu strain of B. mori and a Japanese population of the wild mulberry silkworm B. mandarina concerning the hierarchical molecular mechanisms in diapause induction. Our results showed that for the Kosetsu, temperature signals during the mother’s embryonic development predominantly affected diapause determination through the thermosensitive transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and diapause hormone (DH) signaling pathways. However, embryonic diapause in B. mandarina was photoperiod-dependent, although the DH signaling pathway and thermal sensitivity of TRPA1 were conserved within both species. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that TRPA1-activated signals are strongly linked to the signaling pathway participating in diapause induction in Kosetsu to selectively utilize the temperature information as the cue because temperature-dependent induction was replaced by photoperiodic induction in the TRPA1 knockout mutant.
Human Viral Encephalitis Associated With Suid Herpesvirus 1
Authors: Zhou Yiyi , Nie Chong , Wen Han , Long Yong , Zhou Meihong , Xie Zunchun , Hong Daojun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Suid herpesvirus type 1 (SHV1) is a type of neurotropic virus able to infect various species. However, the clinical cases of human SHV1 encephalitis are still rarely reported, and the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of human SHV1 encephalitis are still unclear.Methods: In this study, we reported 2 cases of human encephalitis associate with SHV1 infection, and reviewed the other 18 cases from the literatures. A total of 20 cases with human SHV1 encephalitis were summarized and re-analyzed.Results: Nineteen of 20 patients had a history of swine-related occupational exposure before illness onset. All patients initially presented with influenza-like symptoms, and then quickly developed seizures, disturbed consciousness, and respiratory failure. The results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indicated aseptic or viral infection. MRI findings of SHV1 encephalitis were prone to distribute in temporal-frontal and insular cortex, which was similar to the pattern of herpes simplex virus encephalitis. Some cases with disease progression and poor prognosis might expand to thalamus, basal ganglia and brain stem. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) revealed that all patients had unique SHV1 sequences with variable reads in the CSF.Conclusions: SHV1 is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause a new type of human viral encephalitis, characterized by acute, fulminating and catastrophic central nervous system infection. Currently, there are no available approved treatments for the encephalitis, but it is possible to diagnose encephalitis quickly by mNGS.
Piperazine based Zirconium Oxy-Chloride (PzZrOCl) single crystal: A Third Order Nonlinear Optical material for Opto-electronic Device Applications
Authors: U Mullai R , Kanuru Sreenadha Rao , Jothi R. Arul , Vinoth E. , Gopinath S. , Vetrivel S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Single crystals of Piperazine Zirconium Oxy-Chloride (PzZrOCl) are grown successfully by slow evaporation technique for Opto-electronic device applications. Suitability of the material is estimated and reported as follows. Crystal habits, purity, crystallite size, microstructure and bulk crystals structures are essential parameters for device compatibility hence they were examined with basic characterization techniques and studied to estimate their effects on optoelectronic properties. The outcomes from structural aspects are reasonably good. The functional groups of a molecule, their bond vibration frequencies and mode of alignments have been examined by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The transmittance (98%) in the entire visible range with lowest cut-off wavelength (215 nm) and green emission (545 nm) is another evidence of suitability. The thermal and mechanical strength via hardness, Mayer index, yield strength and elastic stiffness constant is evaluated; it is thermally stable up to 162°C, mechanically strong and belongs to soft category. Laser induced damage is estimated by using Nd:YAG laser of wavelength 1064 nm and the observed values is three times higher than KDP, 1.2 times higher than LAPP. The optical nonlinear nature and its efficiency are examined by using Z-scan technique. The analysis discussed in detailed and the results strongly recommends PzZrOCl single crystals are suitable for optical and electronic device applications.
Identification of the Potential Hits for Hindering Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (M pro ) from the Pool of Antiviral Phytochemicals utilizing Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations
Authors: Patel Chirag N. , Jaiswal Dharmesh G. , Jani Siddhi P. , Mangukia Naman , Parmar Robin M. , Pandya Himanshu A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The novel SARS-CoV-2 is an etiological factor that triggers Coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) and tends to be an imminent occurrence of a pandemic. Out of all recognized solved complexes linked to SARS-CoV, Main protease (Mpro) is considered a desirable antiviral phytochemical that play a crucial role in virus assembly and possibly non-interactive capacity to adhere to any viral host protein. In this research, SARS-CoV-2 MPro was chosen as a focus for the detection of possible inhibitors using a variety of different analytical methods such as molecular docking, ADMET analysis, dynamic simulations and binding free energy measurements. Virtual screening of known natural compounds recognized Withanoside V, Withanoside VI, Racemoside B, Racemoside A and Shatavarin IX as future inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 MPro with stronger energy binding. Also, simulations of molecular dynamics for a 100 ns time scale showed that much of the main SARS-CoV-2 MPro interactions had been maintained in the simulation routes. Binding free energy calculations using the MM/PBSA method ranked the top five possible natural compounds that can act as effective SARS-CoV-2 MPro inhibitors.
Heteroepitaxial van der Waals semiconductor superlattices
Authors: Jin Gangtae , Lee Chang-Soo , Okello Odongo Francis , Lee Suk-Ho , Park Min Yeong , Cha Soonyoung , Seo Seung-Young , Moon Gunho , Yang Dong-Hwan , Han Cheolhee , Ahn Hyungju , Lee Jekwan , Choi Hyunyong , Kim Jonghwan , Choi Si-Young , Jo Moon-Ho 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We report atomic layer-by-layer epitaxial growth of van der Waals (vdW) semiconductor superlattices (SLs) with programmable stacking periodicities, composed of more than two kinds of dissimilar transition-metal dichalcogenide monolayers (MLs), such as MoS2, WS2 and WSe2. The kinetics-controlled vdW epitaxy in the near equilibrium limit by metalorganic chemical vapour depositions enables to achieve accurate ML-by-ML stacking, free of interlayer atomic mixing, resulting in the tunable two-dimensional (2D) vdW electronic systems. We identified coherent atomic stacking orders at the vdW heterointerfaces, and present scaling valley polarized optical excitations that only pertain to a series of 2D type II band alignments.
Evaluation of Microscopic Extension in High-grade Glioma Using Macropathology: Determination of Optimal Clinical Target Volume Margins for Radiotherapy
Authors: Nie Shulun , Zhu Yufang , Yang Jia , Xin Tao , Xue Song , Zhang Xianbin , Sun Jujie , Mu Dianbin , Gao Yongsheng , Chen Zhaoqiu , Ding Xingchen , Yu Jinming , Hu Man 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Introduction: One of the most difficult steps of radiotherapy is to determine the clinical target volume (CTV) based on microscopic extension (ME). In this study, we performed a consecutive macropathologic analysis to assess ME in high-grade glioma (HGG) to determine appropriate CTV margins for radiotherapy.Material and methods: The study included 30 HGG patients with tumors located in non-functional areas, and supra total resection was performed. The ME distance from the edge of the tumor to the microscopic tumor cells surrounding brain tissue was measured. Associations between the extent of ME and clinicopathological characteristics were evaluated by multivariate linear regression (MVLR) analysis. An ME predictive model was developed based on the MVLR model. Meanwhile, in order to validate the feasibility and safety of this model, we prospectively recruited another 30 HGG patients in a 1:1 ratio to receive guideline-based radiotherapy (RT) or model-based RT. The overall response rate (ORR) was evaluated during a follow-up of 14 months.Results: Between June 2017 and July 2019, 652 pathologic slides were analyzed. The mean ME distance was 1.70cm (range, 0.63 to 2.87cm). The MVLR analysis identified that pathologic grade, subventricular zone (SVZ) contact and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) methylation, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion status were independent variables predicting ME (all P < 0.05). A multivariable prediction model was developed as follows: YME = 0.672 + 0.513XGrade + 0.380XSVZ + 0.439XMGMT + 0.320XIDH + 0.333X1p/19q. The R-square value of goodness of fit was 0.780. In our validation cohort, after a mean follow-up of 7.65months, patients in the model RT group had a higher ORR than those in the guideline RT group (66.7% vs. 20%, P = 0.01).Conclusion: ME was heterogeneously distributed across different grades of gliomas according to the tumor location and molecular marker status, which indicated that CTV delineation should be individualized. The model could predict the ME of HGG, which may help clinicians determine the CTV for individual patients.
χ-maps and Hypsometric Analysis for River Basin Management and Prioritization: The Case of Bohol River Basins, Central Philippines
Authors: Torrefranca Imelida Genson , Otadoy Roland Emerito S , Tongco Alejandro F 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Topographic indices represent and simplify complex surficial processes fundamental to characterizing landform dynamics and to prioritizing river basin conservation and management goals. A method of characterizing landform dynamics integrating the steady-state river channel elevation and the hypsometric analysis is presented. The chi (χ) metric, a proxy for the steady-state river channel elevation, gages the stability of drainage divides while hypsometric analysis quantifies the stages of basin geological development. Using a 30m SRTM DEM and the TopoToolbox tool in MATLAB, χ - values along stream networks are computed. At the channel heads of opposing stream networks of a divide section, equal χ – values indicate a stable divide while across difference in χ - values suggest unstable divide with a potential to migrate from low χ – values towards the high χ – values side of the divide. To classify the degree of potential divide mobility, the quantity called mean chi difference (χmd) is proposed. The features of the aggressive and victim river streams are visually differentiated using their elevation profiles, map-view arrangement and pathways to discharge points. Hypsometric analysis examines the erosional stages of basins indicated by the hypsometric integrals (HI) and hypsometric curves. A basin and its subbasins show different levels of geologic development that the disaggregation of large basin into small hydrologic units enables the identification of areas of different erosional stages. The prioritization of subbasins considers the intersection of highly mobile divides and highly erosional areas. Over the study area, nine subbasins are identified which are all located at the headwaters of major basins in the island. A considerable earthquake-triggered landslide has been found in one of the identified subbasins. The study presents a new approach in the initial characterization of landforms in order to facilitate the identification and prioritization of highly erodible areas for high consideration especially at the local or village level.
The Effect of Lysophosphatidic Acid-supplemented Culture Medium on Human Immature Oocytes Matured in Vitro
Authors: Xie Qigui , Xing Yaxin , Zhou Jianhong , Wang Ling , Wu Jie , Chian Richeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Lysophosphatidic acid-supplemented culture medium significantly increases the oocyte maturation rate in vitro. However, potential targets and pathways involved remain unknown.Methods: A total of 43 women, who underwent cesarean section and aged between 18-35 years with good health, were included in this study. Immature oocytes were obtained and cultured with 10 mM lysophosphatidic acid. After culture, oocyte maturation was assessed and oocytes and cumulus cells were collected for RNA sequencing. HISAT2 was used to align clean reads to the human genome. The featureCounts and edgeR package were used to calculate gene expression and analyze differences between groups respectively. ClusterProfiler program was used to perform Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis.Results: Oocyte maturation rate increased significantly after 48 h treatment with lysophosphatidic acid. In cumulus cells, 259 genes were upregulated and 237 were downregulated in the treatment group; Gene Ontology analysis revealed that 653 biological process, 61 cellular component, and 86 molecular function items were enriched by upregulated genes; 379 biological process, 46 cellular component, and 97 molecular function items were enriched by downregulated genes; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that upregulated genes in the treatment group were enriched in TNF signaling and insulin secretion pathways and downregulated genes were enriched in TNF signaling and cell adhesion molecules. In oocytes, 128 genes were upregulated and downregulated in the treatment group; Gene Ontology analysis revealed that 300 biological process items, 44 cellular component items, and 93 molecular function items were enriched by upregulated genes; 268 biological process items, 22 cellular component items, and 72 molecular function items were enriched by downregulated genes; Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that upregulated genes in the treatment group were enriched in MAPK signaling, gap junction, and cell cycle pathways and downregulated genes were enriched in MAPK signaling, estrogen signaling, RAP1 signaling, and gap junction pathways.Conclusions: Our study indicates that lysophosphatidic acid in culture medium enhances human oocyte maturation in vitro and identifies some potential targets and pathways associated with oocyte maturation for the first time and are important in clinical settings.
Validation of a commercially available indirect assay for SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibodies using a pseudotyped virus assay
Authors: Murray Matthew J , McIntosh Megan , Atkinson Claire , Mahungu Tabitha , Wright Edward , Chatterton Wendy , Gandy Michael , Reeves Matthew B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives To assess whether a commercially available CE-IVD, ELISA-based surrogate neutralisation assay (cPass, Genscript) provides a genuine measure of SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation by human sera, and further to establish whether measuring responses against the RBD of S was a diagnostically useful proxy for responses against the whole S protein.Methods Serum samples from 30 patients were assayed for anti-NP responses, for ‘neutralisation’ by the surrogate neutralisation assay and for neutralisation by SARS-CoV-2 S pseudotyped virus assays utilising two target cell lines. Correlation between assays was measured using linear regression.Results The responses observed within the surrogate neutralisation assay demonstrated an extremely strong, highly significant positive correlation with those observed in both pseudotyped virus assays.Conclusions The tested ELISA-based surrogate assay provides an immunologically useful measure of functional immune responses in a much quicker and highly automatable fashion. It also reinforces that detection of anti-RBD neutralising antibodies alone is a powerful measure of the capacity to neutralise viral infection.
Real-time PCR Biochip for On-Site Detection of Coxiella Burnetii in Ticks
Authors: Truong A-Tai , Yun Bo-Ram , Lim Jiyeon , Min Subin , Yoo Mi-Sun , Yoon Soon-seek , Yun Young-Min , Kim Jong-Taek , Cho Yun Sang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Q fever, a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii, has adverse effects on public health. Ticks are the natural reservoirs of C. burnetii and they contribute to the transmission of the pathogen. A tool for rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of C. burnetii from ticks is important for the prevention of Q fever. Methods: Ultra-rapid real-time PCR (UR-qPCR) as a chip-based real-time PCR system was developed for the detection of C. burnetii from ticks. The UR-qPCR system was established and evaluated for the rapidity, sensitivity, and specificity of C. burnetii detection. Results: C. burnetii was detected using UR-qPCR from 5,644 larval, nymphal, and adult ticks from 408 pools collected from livestock and epidemiologically linked environments in two provinces, Gangwon and Jeju, in Korea. Ticks from three species were identified; Haemaphysalis longicornis accounted for the highest number, present in 333 of 408 pools (81.62%), followed by Haemaphysalis flava in 62 pools (15.19%) and Ixodes nipponensis in 13 pools (3.19%). The rapidity and sensitivity of PCR detection was demonstrated with the sufficient amplification and detection of approximately 56 copies of C. burnetii DNA with only 20 min of PCR amplification. The kappa value for the diagnostic agreement between UR-qPCR and stationary qPCR was in perfect agreement (p = 1). PCR detection and sequencing indicated that C. burnetii was present in 5 of the 408 pools (1.23%), in which four pools contained H. longicornis and one pool contained H. flava. The infection rates of C. burnetii in the tick pools collected from Gangwon and Jeju Provinces were 1.70% and 0.58%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a close relationship between the detected C. burnetii and those originated from goats, humans, and ticks in different countries, such as USA, France, Germany, and Serbia. Conclusions: The results of this study could be important for the prevention and control of Q fever in the two provinces. The UR-qPCR with its features of mobility, sensitivity, and rapidity is helpful for constructing early alert systems in the field for C. burnetii in ticks and for alleviating the transmission and economic damage due to Q fever.