bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transformation and resilience processes in mountain oases at the High Atlas (Morocco) – the case of Aït Mrau, Mgoun Valley
Authors: Asencio Juncal Jorge , López-Osorio José Manuel , Rosa-Jiménez Carlos 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThis study aims to present the uniqueness of the mountain oasis at the High Atlas (Morocco) and is part of a more extensive study about the landscape, the architecture and the tourist development in the Mgoun Valley. Several natural and anthropogenic factors, such as new environmental conditions and socio-cultural realities, are testing the balance of the system and its adaptive capacity. A sustainable use of water, a key element of the oasis and source of life in the region, and an optimal management of farmland will allow this culture to be perpetuated. The study of the values of this territory and its transformation vectors constitute a first step for valuing this ecosystem and being able to establish management and conservation policies.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on the fieldwork carried out over six campaigns, between September 2011 and January 2020, when interviews to the local population and graphic and photographic records of the Aït Mrau oasis were carried out. The work started from the literature review and the study of the origin of the settlement, analyzing the transformation processes, both in the cultivated plots and in the built habitat, where the urban evolution of the settlements and the characteristics of the architecture have been analyzed.FindingsThe study has revealed the existence of social, environmental and economic imbalances that affect the status of the oasis, the landscape and the architecture of the study area. The research has characterized the habitat and has identified those elements that must be preserved to guarantee the permanence of the heritage values in a way that the future development of the region was not conditioned.Originality/valueThe research delves into the study of a case that is paradigmatic in the context of the Moroccan High Atlas, since it shows the dynamics of transformation of a region directly affected by the climate change and by the abandonment of the traditional habitats.
Research on the impact of online picture contents of agricultural products on consumers' willingness to click
Authors: Tian Wenhui , Li Yanjun , Li Linzhu 
Published: November 2021

PurposeThe paper aims to clarify the influence of different picture contents on consumer's willingness to click pictures when shopping for agricultural products online and examine the intermediary mechanism and boundary conditions of the impact.Design/methodology/approachThe paper opted for an empirical study based on the cue utilization theory and information processing theory, including 3 experiments to test the existence, intermediary mechanism and boundary conditions of the impact of online picture contents of agricultural products on consumers' clicking intention.FindingsThe paper provides empirical insights about the influence of picture contents on consumer's willingness to click when shopping for agricultural products online. The picture of product's production environment or grower on the search result page can effectively improve consumer's willingness to click the product under dual-systemic information processing modes. Compared with product pictures, pictures displaying products and production environment can stimulate more cognitive system processing, and pictures displaying products and its growers can stimulate more emotional system processing, both resulting in higher click intention. However, the above effects only exist in the context of non-branded agricultural products.Originality/valueThe research results can not only provide practical guidance for merchants, but also fill the gap in the research on the impact of picture contents on consumers in the field of agricultural products in online marketing.
Data breach recovery areas: an exploration of organization's recovery strategies for surviving data breaches
Authors: Mohammed Zareef 
Published: November 2021

PurposeData breaches are an increasing phenomenon in today's digital society. Despite the preparations an organization must take to prevent a data breach, it is still necessary to develop strategies in the event of a data breach. This paper explores the key recovery areas necessary for data breach recovery.Design/methodology/approachStakeholder theory and three recovery areas (customer, employee and process recovery) are proposed as necessary theoretical lens to study data breach recovery. Three data breach cases (Anthem, Equifax, and Citrix) were presented to provide merit to the argument of the proposed theoretical foundations of stakeholder theory and recovery areas for data breach recovery research.FindingsInsights from these cases reveal four areas of recovery are necessary for data breach recovery – customer recovery, employee recovery, process recovery and regulatory recovery.Originality/valueThese areas are presented in the data recovery areas model and are necessary for: (1) organizations to focus on these areas when resolving data breaches and (2) future data breach recovery researchers in developing their research in the field.
A crisis volunteer ‘sleeper cell’: An emergent, extending and expanding disaster response organisation
Authors: Carlton Sally , Nissen Sylvia , Wong Jennifer H. K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the diverse organisational forms of crisis volunteerism is crucial for enabling volunteers to play a more prominent role in disaster response. One of the most widely used analytical tools is the Disaster Research Center typology that identifies ‘established’, ‘expanding’, ‘extending’ and ‘emergent’ groups. However, not all disaster response volunteer groups necessarily fit within this typology. We examine the case of the Student Volunteer Army (SVA) in Aotearoa New Zealand, which has been considered a potential blueprint for youth‐led post‐disaster civic action. Examining a decade of successive disaster responses, we argue the SVA has come to simultaneously exhibit characteristics associated with ‘expanding’, ‘extending’ and ‘repeat emergent’ disaster response organisations. Drawing on in‐depth interviews with people involved with the SVA over its 10 years, we identify dualities in the SVA's tasks and structure that enable it to incorporate both new and existing or routine aspects into its disaster response efforts. In spanning these categories, we propose the SVA has become an ‘expectant’ crisis volunteer organisation—what one interviewee described as a crisis volunteer ‘sleeper cell’. Our discussion considers the possibilities and tensions within this distinct form of organisation.
A high‐quality reference genome forFraxinus pennsylvanicafor ash species restoration and research
Authors: Huff Matt , Seaman Josiah , Wu Di , Zhebentyayeva Tetyana , Kelly Laura J. , Faridi Nurul , Nelson Charles D. , Cooper Endymion , Best Teodora , Steiner Kim , Koch Jennifer , Romero Severson Jeanne , Carlson John E. , Buggs Richard , Staton Margaret 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGreen ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) is the most widely distributed ash tree in North America. Once common, it has experienced high mortality from the non‐native invasive emerald ash borer (EAB;Agrilus planipennis). A small percentage of native green ash trees that remain healthy in long‐infested areas, termed “lingering ash,” display partial resistance to the insect, indicating that breeding and propagating populations with higher resistance to EAB may be possible. To assist in ash breeding, ecology and evolution studies, we report the first chromosome‐level assembly from the genusFraxinusforF.pennsylvanicawith over 99% of bases anchored to 23 haploid chromosomes, spanning 757 Mb in total, composed of 49.43% repetitive DNA, and containing 35,470 high‐confidence gene models assigned to 22,976 Asterid orthogroups. We also present results of range‐wide genetic variation studies, the identification of candidate genes for important traits including potential EAB‐resistance genes, and an investigation of comparative genome organization among Asterids based on this reference genome platform. Residual duplicated regions within the genome probably resulting from a recent whole genome duplication event in Oleaceae were visualized in relation to wild olive (Olea europaeavar.sylvestris). We used ourF.pennsylvanicachromosome assembly to construct reference‐guided assemblies of 27 previously sequencedFraxinustaxa, includingF.excelsior. Thus, we present a significant step forward in genomic resources for research and protection ofFraxinusspecies.
Effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic at a major Danish trauma center in 2020 compared with 2018–2019: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Trier Frederik , Fjølner Jesper , Raaber Nikolaj , Sørensen Anders H. , Kirkegaard Hans 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic demanded changes in societal behavior and health care worldwide. Previous studies have compared trauma patient admissions in COVID‐19‐related lockdowns to prior years. This study describes the COVID‐19 impact on trauma patient admissions during entire 2020 at a major trauma center in Denmark.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed trauma patients received by a trauma team and admitted at Aarhus University Hospital in 2020 compared with 2018–2019. The incidence of injuries, mechanism of injury, 30‐day mortality, and Injury Severity Score (ISS) were investigated.ResultsThe incidence of minor injuries (ISS 1–15) increased by 24% in 2020 compared with 2018–2019 (incidence rate ratio 1.24 [95% CI: 1.11–1.39]). The incidence of severe injuries (ISS >15) in 2020 did not change compared with 2018–2019 (incidence rate ratio 0.97 [95% CI: 0.80–1.17]). The 30‐day mortality was similar in 2020 compared with 2018–2019. Comparing 2020 with 2018–2019, the risk ratio of traffic injuries decreased (0.90 [95% CI: 0.82–0.99]), risk ratio for fall injuries was 1.13 (95% CI: 0.97–1.30), for violence 1.13 (95% CI: 0.51–2.50), and for self‐harm 1.94 (95% CI: 0.95–3.94). During the first lockdown of 2020, trauma team activations declined from 49.5 to 42 and the risk ratio for traffic injuries was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.50–1.10) compared with the same period in 2018–2019.ConclusionThe incidence of minor injuries increased, but the incidence of severe injuries was similar in 2020 compared with 2018–2019. Societal restrictions might alter the mechanism of injuries. The first lockdown indicated an association with reduced traffic injuries.
Development Policy and the Poor, Part 1: The Preferential Option for Merchants, Capitalists, and Bureaucrats
Authors: Clark Charles M. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe often‐stated goal of economic development is to lift people out of poverty. However, the poor are usually an afterthought in the design of development policy, with any benefit that reaches them “trickling down” from what goes to whatever group is the real focus of development policy. All development policy consists of directing and redirecting resources to the group that is felt will promote the aims of those implementing the policy. Political realignments and the evolution of capitalism have changed the group that is in the vanguard of development at various stages. In this essay (Part 1), we will look at the economic arguments that each of the first three vanguard groups—merchants, capitalists, and bureaucrats—applied to development policy, with special emphasis of the position of the poor. In a separate essay (Part 2), we will look at the Catholic principle of the “preferential option for the poor,” which recommends making the poor the central focus of development policy. In the past seven decades of the U.N.’s development agenda, we see a tension between a status quo development policy that makes economic growth the primary goal and a bottom‐up development strategy that emphasizes programs to build up the capabilities of the poor. We also look at some of the evidence of the successes of each approach and argue that a human‐centered agenda has a better chance of lifting the poor out of poverty.
Development Policy and the Poor, Part 2: Preferential Option for the Poor
Authors: Clark Charles M. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn a previous essay (Part 1), we examined the economic arguments for development policies that placed certain groups at the vanguard of development policy, making note of the place of the poor in these arguments. In this essay (Part 2), we look at the case for making the poor the central focus of development policy, following the principle in Catholic social thought of the “preferential option for the poor.” That principle recommends evaluation of policies and outcomes first and foremost on how they affect the poor. In looking at the U.N. development agenda, from the first development decade to the millennium development goals and sustainable development goals, we can see a tension between economic growth and eradication of poverty. Over time, a shift in focus has occurred towards placing the poor at the center of development policy. By focusing on the poor and poverty eradication, development policy becomes more about human flourishing, which, ironically, produces higher levels of growth in developing countries. It does, however, lower the growth rate of developed countries, as it reduces their privileged position.
Poverty in “Transition”: 30 Years After and in the Pandemic
Authors: Gevorkyan Aleksandr V. , Assa Jacob 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article chronicles the evolution of poverty in the formerly socialist economies of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. The article is an analytical review covering the 30 years since the launch of market reforms with a reflection on the impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic. The theoretical assumption in the 1990s of a seamless transition from a socialist, state‐led economy to a capitalist, market‐driven economy remained just that—an assumption. Many of the tangible improvements in living standards for the bulk of the population of the post‐socialist era have yet to materialize. Focusing on the smallest post‐socialist economies, with a bigger picture in mind, this study argues that a crisis of human well‐being has been lurking in the background—behind macroeconomic stabilization and growth since the early 2000s. This article contributes to the literature on socioeconomic resilience, restructuring, critical perspectives on poverty, and efforts to define and measure poverty holistically.
Antibiotic treatment of community‐acquired pneumonia: A questionnaire survey in Danish general practice
Authors: Eggers‐Kaas Lotti , Bisgaard Lise , Thomsen Janus Laust , Jarbøl Dorte Ejg , Llor Carl , Christensen Morten Bondo , Bjerrum Lars , Siersma Volkert , Hansen Malene Plejdrup 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDiscrepancies exist in Danish guidelines for the treatment of bacterial community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP). This study aimed to investigate how general practitioners (GPs) treat adults with CAP and explore associations between GP characteristics and treatment duration.MethodsIn autumn 2020, GPs in the North Denmark Region were asked to complete an electronic questionnaire on antibiotic prescribing for CAP. Information about GP gender, age, experience and type of practice was obtained. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse the association between GP characteristics and treatment duration.ResultsA total of 298 GPs were invited to participate of whom 108 completed the survey. Penicillin V was used as first line treatment for CAP by all participants. Treatment duration varied from 5 (54.6%) to 10 days (8.3%). A 5‐day course of penicillin was less likely to be prescribed by male GPs (odds ratio [OR] 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.13–0.94) and more likely to be prescribed by GPs with 5–9 years of experience in general practice (OR 5.03, 95% CI 1.09–23.21) compared to those with 10–19 years of experience.ConclusionVariation in antibiotic treatment of CAP emphasises the importance of generating solid evidence about the optimal duration regarding both effectiveness and safety.
Predicting adaptive expertise with rational number arithmetic
Authors: McMullen Jake , Hannula‐Sormunen Minna M. , Lehtinen Erno , Siegler Robert S. 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundAdaptive expertise is a highly valued outcome of mathematics curricula. One aspect of adaptive expertise with rational numbers is adaptive rational number knowledge, which refers to the ability to integrate knowledge of numerical characteristics and relations in solving novel tasks. Even among students with strong conceptual and procedural knowledge of rational numbers, there are substantial individual differences in adaptive rational number knowledge.AimsWe aimed to examine how a wide range of domain‐general and mathematically specific skills and knowledge predicted different aspects of rational number knowledge, including procedural, conceptual, and adaptive rational number knowledge.Sample173 6th and 7th grade students from a school in the southeastern US (51% female) participated in the study.MethodsAt three time points across 1.5 years, we measured students’ domain‐general and domain‐specific skills and knowledge. We used multiple hierarchal regression analysis to examine how these predictors related to rational number knowledge at the third time point.ResultPrior knowledge of rational numbers, general mathematical calculation knowledge, and spontaneous focusing on multiplicative relations (SFOR) tendency uniquely predicted adaptive rational number knowledge, after taking into account domain‐general and mathematically specific skills and knowledge. Although conceptual knowledge of rational numbers and general mathematical achievement also predicted later conceptual and procedural knowledge of rational numbers, SFOR tendency did not.ConclusionResults suggest expanding investigations of mathematical development to also explore different features of adaptive expertise as well as spontaneous mathematical focusing tendencies.
Scoring system for intraoperative diagnosis of intracranial schwannoma by squash cytology
Authors: Fujita Hirotaka , Tajiri Takuma , Machida Tomohisa , Nomura Nozomi , Toguchi Suguru , Itoh Hitoshi , Hiraiwa Shinichiro , Sugiyama Tomoko , Inomoto Chie , Imai Masaaki , Oda Shinri , Shimoda Masami , Nakamura Naoya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the utility of a newly developed squash cytology (SC)‐based scoring system for accurate intraoperative diagnosis of schwannoma.MethodsWe first compared SC‐based and frozen section (FS) diagnoses with final pathological diagnoses of schwannoma (16 cases), meningioma (39 cases) and low‐grade astrocytoma (16 cases). Then, by logistic regression modeling, we identified features of SC preparations that were independently predictive of schwannoma. To develop a diagnostic scoring system, we assigned one point to each feature, and performed receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine the score cut‐off value that was most discriminatory for differentiating schwannoma from the other tumour types. We then compared accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of diagnosis before and after the application of the scoring system.ResultsOverall diagnostic concordance rates for SC and FS were almost the same, at 73.2% (52/71) and 77.5% (55/71 cases), respectively. Of the 16 SC features entered into the analysis, the following nine were found to independently predict schwannoma, and were thus incorporated into the scoring system: smooth cluster margins, few or no isolated tumour cells, fibrillary stroma, spindle‐shaped nuclei, parallel arrangement of stroma, parallel arrangement of nuclei, presence of anisonucleosis, absence of nucleoli, and hemosiderin deposition. A cut‐off score of four items yielded the best sensitivity, specificity and predictive values for prediction of schwannoma. Use of the scoring system improved accuracy of intraoperative diagnosis from 80.3% to 94.4%, sensitivity from 56.2% to 93.8%, and specificity from 87.3% to 94.5%.ConclusionOur proposed SC‐based scoring system will increase accuracy of intraoperative diagnosis of schwannoma vs non‐schwannoma tumours.
The entangled pandemic: Deep incarnation in creation
Authors: Simmons Ernest 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe metaphorical appropriation of quantum entanglement (non‐local relational holism) helps to conceptualize the physical relationship of God to creation in a way that can support the understanding of deep incarnation. The relational holism of Divine entanglement helps clarify how deep incarnation is possible. The pandemic is then approached as an example of evolutionary theodicy that can be addressed through such entangled deep incarnation. This in turn provides the basis for deep resurrection, which, while acknowledging suffering and death in the natural world, also affirms hope and life in Christ.
Acute flaccid myelitis and Guillain–Barré syndrome in children: A comparative study with evaluation of diagnostic criteria
Authors: Helfferich Jelte , Roodbol Joyce , de Wit Marie‐Claire , Brouwer Oebele F. , Jacobs Bart C. ,   the 2016 Enterovirus D68 Acute Flaccid Myelitis Working Group and the Dutch Pediatric GBS Study Group
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeDifferentiation between acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) and Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) can be difficult, particularly in children. Our objective was to improve the diagnostic accuracy by giving recommendations based on a comparison of clinical features and diagnostic criteria in children with AFM or GBS.MethodsA cohort of 26 children with AFM associated with enterovirus D68 was compared to a cohort of 156 children with GBS. The specificity of the Brighton criteria, used for GBS diagnosis, was evaluated in the AFM cohort and the specificity of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) AFM diagnostic criteria in the GBS cohort.ResultsChildren with AFM compared to those with GBS had a shorter interval between onset of weakness and nadir (3 vs. 8 days, p < 0.001), more often had asymmetric limb weakness (58% vs. 0%, p < 0.001), and less frequently had sensory deficits (0% vs. 40%, p < 0.001). In AFM, cerebrospinal fluid leukocyte counts were higher, whereas protein concentrations were lower. Spinal cord lesions on magnetic resonance imaging were only found in AFM patients. No GBS case fulfilled CDC criteria for definite AFM. Of the AFM cases, 8% fulfilled the Brighton criteria for GBS, when omitting the criterion of excluding an alternate diagnosis.ConclusionsDespite the overlap in clinical presentation, we found distinctive early clinical and diagnostic characteristics for differentiating AFM from GBS in children. Diagnostic criteria for AFM and GBS usually perform well, but some AFM cases may fulfill clinical diagnostic criteria for GBS. This underlines the need to perform diagnostic tests early to exclude AFM in children suspected of atypical GBS.