bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and attitude among samples from community members, pharmacists and health care providers about antibiotic resistance in Al- Suwaria city/Wassit province/Iraq
Authors: Ghaffoori Kanaan Manal Hadi , Tarek Ahmad M. , Abdullah Sura Saad 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the greatest public health challenges of our time, primarily due to inappropriate antimicrobial use. Addressing this threat is a public health priority that requires a collaborative global approach in all areas. The rational use of antimicrobials is the main strategy for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance, which can be achieved by changing the behavior and knowledge of the prescribers. So, for the success of any problem management program, the most important prerequisite is community participation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of the samples of community members, pharmacists and health professionals in the city of Al-Suwaria, in the province of Wasit, in the Middle East of Iraq, with respect to antimicrobial resistance, which helps to rationalize the use of antimicrobials. In this survey, a cross-sectional study of 102 random contributing samples was performed. From January to March 2020. Knowledge and attitudes were assessed using a typical self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive analyzes were used to express the results. A total of 102 participants answered the questionnaire. Overall, collaborators have established good knowledge and positive attitudes toward antimicrobial resistance based on 13 knowledge questions and nine attitude statements. Gaps were identified in the knowledge of the possibility of addressing resistance through the discovery of a new drug (21.6%), the possibility of using antibiotics as an effective drug against viral diseases (36.3%) and the possibility of accelerate the treatment of diseases with antibiotics (38.2%). The majority of respondents (72.5%) agreed that antibiotic resistance induces serious global problems that affect public health. Furthermore, the majority of those interviewed (69.6%) believe that this phenomenon affects our health and that of our families. Similarly, (13.7%) of the participants totally agreed, while (65.7%) agreed that pharmacists played an important role in the appearance of this problem, and (37, 3%) of the participants fully agreed, while (58.8%) agreed that it is necessary to follow the recommendations and guidelines for life-saving antibiotics in the hospital. In contrast, 27.5% of the participants expressed a weak attitude towards the possibility of fighting antimicrobial resistance in their region through infection control practices by health professionals. Contributors in this study had good knowledge and positive attitudes toward antimicrobial resistance. Although the data is indicative of gaps in the knowledge of residents of the city of Al-Suwaria/Wasit province.
A comparative between sonication and adsorption technique to removal Pharmaceuticals pollutant
Authors: Aljeboree Aseel M , Alshirfy Abbas N. , Alkaim Ayad F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Synthesis of C decorates/Clay/Fe2O3 as a new Micro/Nanocomposite adsorbent for removal of pollutants (Amoxicillin (AMX), Phenylephrine Hydrochloride (PHE)) from aqueous solutions. Micro/Nanocomposites are synthesized by using the hydrothermal method, and loaded with type of carbon (C) on Clay surface. A Comparative study between (commercial Sugar (Sucrose)/Clay (Bentonite)/Fe2O3 Micro/Nanocomposite, CNT/Clay (Bentonite)/Fe2O3 Micro/Nanocomposite, AC/Clay(Bentonite)/Fe2O3 Micro/Nanocomposite, that found CNT, AC and Clay (Bentonite) the best result to removal pollutant found CNT/Clay (Bentonite)/Fe2O3Micro/Nanocomposite gave E% (93.11 %) of PHE and (81.11%) of AMX at optimized value of agitation time is 60 mint after that the adsorption becomes constant.
Evaluation of soluble CD279 (sCD279) and CD274 (sCD274) in Iraqi patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with Toxoplasmosis
Authors: Issa Ali A. , Yaseen Ali N. , Aldabagh Muhammed A. H. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii has been suggested as an important opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Possible associations of parasite infection with cancer risk have recently attracted much attention. Published studies concerning the association between Toxoplasma gondii infection and leukemia risk have generated inconsistent results. In the present study, we aimed was to investigate the sero- prevalence of the anti-Toxoplasma
gondii IgG antibodies in Iraqi patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with Toxoplasmosis and to clarify the role of sCD249 and sCD274 in Iraqi AML patients with toxoplasmosis. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti- T.
gondii IgG antibodies in the sera of 120 patients with AML and 50 apparently healthy controls. The results showed that 49(41%) samples of sera patients have been founded AML with toxoplasmosis, 71(59%) samples have AML, 20(40%) cases have control toxoplasmosis (those patients were had toxoplasmosis but showing no symptoms) and 30 (60%) cases samples were considered as a control group without any infections. Sera (sCD279 and sCD274) levels were determined by ELISA using a quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. The results showed that levels of sCD279 and sCD274 levels were significantly higher in patients group than healthy subjects (P<0.01).
Evaluation of Hydraulic Properties of the Euphrates Aquifer in Al-Qaim Area, West of Iraq
Authors: Alsalmani Mohamed H. , Al-Shama’a Aysser M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Three wells in Al-Qaim city (Western Desert of I), were selected to determine the hydraulic characteristics of the upper aquifer in the area by conducting pumping test operation on them. The Euphrates aquifer represents the shallow aquifer in the area where the flow direction is toward the north and northeast. The amount of hydraulic gradient was (0.036) were the groundwater flux (V) and pore velocity (U) values reached (0.35136) (8.784) m2/day respectively. Transmissivity(T), permeability(K), specific yield(Sy) and specific capacity(SC) are ranged between (656-777.9) m2/day, (7.40-11.45) m/day, (0.1-0.01) and (588.5-869.8) m2/day respectively. The obtained results show that there are no remarkable variations in the hydraulic values, which indicates the homogeneity of the aquifer in the studied area.
Influence of Fluorine Content on physical Characterization of Sprayed CdO
Authors: Agool Ibrahim R , Dawood Mohammed O , Hassan Ehssan S , Habubi Nadir Fadhil , Abdulmunem Oday M , Chiad Sami S 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCdO and CdO: F films were grown using spray pyrolysis method (SPM). The effects of F doping on physical characterization were estimated using XRD, AFM and optical absorption. XRD patterns indicate that samples are cubic polycrystalline with preferred (111) orientation. AFM images assure that films consist of uniform spherical shaped grains, smooth morphology free of cracks. Optical bandgap was decreased as Fluorine doping increased
Synthesis, Characterization and Optoelectronic Properties of Solar Cells Device for Vacuum Thermally Evaporated Pure and Gallium Doped CdSe Thin Films
Authors: Agool Ibrahim R. , Mohammed Hamza M. , Abd Al Hussan Shahlaa M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Heterojunctions n-CdSe/p-Si, n-CdSe/P-Si and CdSe:Ga/p-Si have, through thermal evaporation, been based on P-type Si (002). Thin films with different doping ratios of 1, 3 and 5 wt percent are made. For the purpose of achieving optimal conditions the electrical and photovoltaic aspects of these films have been established. Solar cell quality is graduated. They were made of a vacuum heat evaporated mixture of CdSe and ga atoms to create a thin, p-Si single wafer film with a thickness of 3.5 μm and resistivity of 0.78-1.5 Ohm-cm-2 on R.T. They are then formed by n-CdSe/p-Si and n-Cdse(Ga)/p-Si heterojunctions. The density of the existing short circuit (jsc, open-circuit (Voc/fill factor (ff)) and conversion rate of 40 mW/cm2 (AM1) intensity. The efficiency of solar cells is calculated prior to and after a Ga dopant. The aim of this analysis was to determine characterization and optoelectronic characteristics of CdSe pure and gallium-doped solar cells in thin films. The result of this analysis under dark I-V conditions show good disciplinary behavior and an exponential relationship to the potential present bias. The calculation of the C-V suggested an abrupt form of heterozone diodes. The built-in potential Vbi is calculated and is found increasing after Ga-doping process. The built-in potential and the depletion width increases with increasing of Ga doping ratio. Solar cell conversion efficiency of n-CdSe/p-Si and n-CdSe:Ga/p-Si heterojunction properties were studied is found to be 5.25 % at 5 Wt% of Ga doping ratio. In conclusions, The I-V characteristic of Ga-doped CdSe solar cell thin film under the illumination conditions gives conversion efficiency of 5.25% at doping ratio 5%. This result of conversion is directly proportional to the Ga concentrations.
Soil and Plant Nutrients Status of Salak Sidimpuan in South Tapanuli, North Sumatra Indonesia
Authors: Nasution Yusriani 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Salak Sidimpuan is the superior fruit in South Tapanuli. Increased production of salak is very important to meet the needs of consumers in the South Tapanuli area and outside this area. One of the factors that can affect the increase in the quality and quantity of salak sidimpuan plant production is the provision of fertilizers in accordance with the needs of the plant. This research was conducted to determine the need for salak sidimpuan fertilizer. The method used was a survey by measuring soil and plant samples based on land units. The nutrients observed were macro (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micro (Na, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, B and Si) elements. Soil nutrient reserves in salak land, respectively N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S are 46.53 kgha-1, 113.84 kgha-1, 190.52 kgha-1, 183.66 kgha-1, 101, 47 kgha-1, 69.18 kgha-1. Thus, the status of soil nutrient reserves in salak land in West Angkola in the macro nutrient group is low. The status of nutrients transported to the harvest in macro nutrients is more than micro nutrients in the sequence K≫ Ca≫ N≫ Mg≫ P≫ S. The addition of nutrients to fertilization activities in salak soil is greatly recommended.
Extraction Of Silica Dioxide (SiO2) From Mount Sinabung Volcanic Ash with Coprecipitation Method
Authors: Hasanah Moraida , Sembiring Timbangen , Sebayang Kerista , Humaidi Syahrul , Rahmadsyah  , Saktisahdan Tengku Jukdin , Handoko Fauzi , Ritonga Sally Irvina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mount Sinabung volcanic ash is a basic material that can be used to produce silicon dioxide (SiO 2). SiO 2 can be used as a building raw material as well as in food and beverage packaging. To produce SiO 2, the volcanic ash of Mount Sinabung must be synthesized using the coprecipitation method. The result of this process produces SiO 2 content as much as 48%, a formed function group that states the existence of SiO 2 namely Si-O-Si and Si-O at absorption of 1095.57 cm-1 and 798.53 cm-1. From the results of SEM can be seen the morphology of SiO 2 formed. In the XRD results, the phase of SiO 2 is amorphous.
Ecology and Disturbances in Bryophytes
Authors: Ginting Nurmaini , Batubara Melvariani Syari , Darwis Muhammad , Faradillah Vira , Santi Melia Afnida 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Bryophytes is a non vascular plant that has many benefits. However, the population and diversity of its kind experienced a significant decline. This decrease is caused by several factors such as deforestation, forest fragmentation, air and soil pollution and climate change. All these factors are caused by natural activities and mainly caused by human activities that make use of the environment without preserving nature.
Investigation of the impact of heat treatment on the layer formation of AlSi-coated boron-manganese steel
Authors: He F , Merklein M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hot stamping is a well-established technology for producing safety relevant car components. The usage of hot stamping allows for reduced sheet thicknesses and weight of formed parts due to an increase in strength because of martensitic phase transformations. To prevent surface carburization and the formation of oxide layers AlSi coatings are applied to the workpiece surface. Due to a lack of suitable lubricants at process temperatures of over 800 °C, severe friction and wear affect the final part quality. Furthermore, process temperatures influence the layer formation and surface roughness due to diffusion processes. Consequently, a deeper process understanding is needed to acquire detailed knowledge of the impact on the tribological behavior to increase part quality and reduce tool wear. To this end the influence of heat treatment parameters on the coating layer and the subsequent layer formation is analyzed by comparing the resulting material composition and surface roughness. This is achieved by analyzing the impact of the furnace temperature and holding time on an AS150 coating and determining the effect of the parameters via metallographic investigation and tactile measurement.
MBW 1200 – Hot Stamping Steel with Increased Ductility
Authors: Rosenstock D , Banik J , Rottger R P , Graff S , Gerber T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hot stamping steels are trending towards increased ductility without sacrificing too much stiffness. Thus a new aluminum silicon coated grade, MBW 1200 + AS has been developed, with typical yield strength after hot stamping and paint baking of YS ≈ 1000 MPa, tensile strength TS ≈ 1200 MPa and A80
> 5.0 %. The highly increased ductility compared to 22MnB5 expresses through the particularly increased bending angle of >75° and the logarithmic true thickness strain of ≈0.90. Hence MBW 1200 shows the desired significantly higher ductility compared to 22MnB5 in lateral crash testing without crack appearance. The process stability has been approved by different tests, e.g. increased furnace dwell time, tool temperature and transfer time. Verifying MBW 1200 in patchwork blank applications with total thicknesses of 3.0 and 3.5 mm showed only a minor decrease of YS and TS between 30 and 50 MPa and leaves the Vickers hardness at ≈400 HV10 with fully martensitic microstructure. In partial press hardening tests, using tools heated of up to 550 °C, bending angles reach the test’s maximum and YS falls below 500 MPa with a hardness of ≈210 HV1. Finally in a comparison between experiment and numerical hot stamping simulation it can be shown, that the determined material modelling parameters can well be used in the feasibility analysis of new automotive components.
Investigation of Material Softening and Increase of Deep Drawing Capacity of 22MnB5 during Press Hardening using CRP Technology
Authors: Birnbaum P. , Xu Y. , Zhuang X. , Zhao Z. , Kraeusel V. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The cushion-ram pulsation (CRP) technology offers a significant increase in formability by the novel stepwise deep drawing with holding pauses. The influence of different incremental drawing depths and breaks on the deep drawability of 22MnB5 during press hardening with CRP is investigated for unheated and heated tools. Softening induced by the holding times during hot forming with CRP can play a relevant role in achieving higher drawing depths and is consequently described. The forming analysis is carried out by means of FE simulation and experiments. The influence of softening on the improved forming capacity can consequently be quantified and a recommendation for the CRP technology in press hardening can be determined.
Friction Characterization of Al-Si Coated Ultra-High Strength Steel under Hot Stamping Conditions
Authors: He R , DiCecco S , George R , Worswick M , Chiriac C , Luckey G , Tjong J , Shi C , Boettger J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Friction characterization of a hot stamped 1,800 MPa Al-Si coated ultra-high-strength steel (UHSS) is considered. Quantification of the coefficient of friction during a hot stamping process is essential for an accurate constitutive finite element model. The current work considers the twist compression test (TCT), in which an annular cup rotates against the surface of a fixed specimen using heated tooling. The measured sliding force and normal force determine the coefficient of friction. The test conditions used in this research simulate thermo-mechanical histories operative during hot stamping. Specimens are austenitized in a chamber furnace at a nominal temperature of 930 °C and a hold time of 5 minutes. They are then transferred to the TCT apparatus in which frictional sliding and die quenching occur simultaneously. The tooling components are uncoated and heated to 80 °C. Contact pressure of up to 30 MPa was considered between the tooling and specimen and a sliding speed of up to 38 mm/s. An increase in contact pressure caused the coefficient of friction to increase during dynamic friction. On the other hand, changes in sliding speed did not have a significant impact on the coefficient of friction. Likewise, repeated tests on the same tooling surface show that the coefficient of friction remains consistent during tool wear. Surface roughness of the tooling only increased after the first test and then remains stable during subsequent tests.
Advanced Data Acquisition for Hot Stamping and its Application
Authors: Rouet C , Trattnig G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Hot Stamping is a complex technology, which requires many control parameters. Some data may be measured in-situ, to be used for trigger purposes or just for protocol. Other data need to be measured in advance to act as sort of calibration data. At voestalpine Stahl GmbH, we utilize a hot forming simulator to support the product development of hot forming steels. Linking process parameters and product properties is a major key for successful product development. Advanced data acquisition and data processing is the tool for a better understanding, increased precision and reproducibility during hot forming, as well as for the generation and improvement of material cards. We present the measurement matrix and show how that data and the derived models can be used for the development of materials, processes, material cards and full Finite Element (FE) Models. Those models are validated on medium scale test components and results will be presented. Our intensive efforts lead to a stable and robust part production at our customers hot forming lines. Extending these methods to hot forming lines would assist process design, failure analysis and quality assurance.
Application of an Advanced Friction Model in Hot Stamping Simulations: A Numerical and Experimental Investigation of an A-Pillar Reinforcement Panel from Volvo Cars
Authors: Güner A. , Hol J. , Venema J. , Sigvant M. , Dobrowolski F. , Komodromos A. , Tekkaya A. E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although hot stamping is now an established method, numerical analysis of the process is still a challenge. In industrial applications, process engineers use sophisticated models which consider complex physical effects including phase transformation, phase dependent flow curves, temperature dependent r-values and temperature dependent FLC’s. However, in most of the industrial applications the tribological system is still oversimplified by using a constant Coulomb friction coefficient. Currently, there is enough experimental evidence in literature showing that friction coefficients evolve during the process, depending on contact pressure, temperature and sliding velocity. This work focuses on accurate modelling of friction in hot stamping processes. The advanced modelling technique presented in this paper tracks each material point and calculates the corresponding coefficient of friction depending on the current process conditions. This technique was used on simple part geometries in order to generate fundamental knowledge. In this analysis, part geometry, process conditions and tool kinematics are varied. In the next step, an A-Pillar reinforcement panel from Volvo Cars was analyzed experimentally and numerically. It was seen that accurate friction modelling enhances the quality of the simulation results and evolving friction conditions have a direct effect on the feasibility analysis of industrial parts.
Reduction of Young’s modulus for a wide range of steel sheet materials and its effect during springback simulation
Authors: Wagner L. , Wallner M. , Larour P. , Steineder K. , Schneider R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Springback is among the key issues to be addressed in order to facilitate the application of AHSS in the automotive body. Since numerical simulations have become a standard tool during process design in automotive panel production, advanced material models considering springback-related material properties are increasingly getting into the focus. Next to the Bauschinger-Effect, describing early re-yielding during load reversal, also a reduction of Young’s modulus with increasing plastic strain is depicted in several material models implemented in different FEM codes. Herein, we focus on this Young’s modulus reduction. The initial Young’s modulus as well as its reduction are measured from uniaxial tensile tests with multiple unloading-reloading cycles without load reversal. Results are shown for steel sheet materials ranging from mild steels to AHSS containing retained austenite. Differences of the Young’s modulus decrease among the different steel grades are discussed with respect to their respective microstructure. Material models, depicting the Young’s modulus reduction, are fitted to the obtained data. The consequence of considering this effect during forming simulation is shown for bending-under-tension tests of DP600, representing the largest reduction.
Springback Behaviour due to Die Deflection during Bending
Authors: Tsutamori H , Nakamoto Y , Nishiwaki T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The material strength of rolled steel sheet for car bodies is increasing considerably. It has been experientially known that the die deflection affects the springback, but there are few experimental verification cases. In this study, two bending dies with different rigidity but the same shape were manufactured. The springback of panels bended by each die was compared in detail. Using 590MPa class and 980MPa class steel sheets, the deformation of the dies due to bending also measured. The springback and deflection of the die were clearly large using the low rigidity die. From these results, it was suggested that it is necessary to consider the die deflection for accurate springback prediction of bending.
Parameterized data handling for forming tool tryout: reverse engineering, data consolidation and springback compensation
Authors: Maier L , Hartmann C , Volk W 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The forming tool design process generates large amounts of data up to the first falling parts. On the one hand, simulation results, geometric measurements and design models originate from different software tools, which leads to a non-consolidated set of data inventory. On the other hand, the total data volume is hard to handle economically. A stable and user-friendly data structure for overarching tool tryout is missing. Often several experience-based iterations are necessary to derive the tool’s working surfaces, which is both time- and resource consuming and even may lead to postponed start of production. Meanwhile, early-generated data does not involve into the manual optimization process. Therefore, in this paper a parameterized data handling methodology is introduced, which enables systematic reverse engineering, data consolidation, and springback compensation. Each generated dataset during tryout is traced back to a mathematical description of geometry using so called control points (B-Spline model). Through, the parameterized description, the different data formats interact straightforward and need minimum storage. The developed concept is demonstrated for the springback analysis of a forming component using design models and numerical data.