bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coral Reef Coverage and Reef Fish Abundance in Menyawakan Island, Karimunjawa
Authors: Wijayanto A , Munasik  , Farasara F P , Fadlilah Y N , Windiyana A N , Meiliana S , Haryanti D 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Karimunjawa is one of the National Parks in Indonesia, a marine conservation area known for its diverse coral reefs, and mangrove forest. This study aims to determine coral reef status in Menyawakan Island at the northwest part of Karimunjawa Archipelago. Coral coverage as well as reef fish data were collected from the South, West, North, and East side of Menyawakan Island. Surveys were conducted at a depth of 5 and 10 meters, using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) for coral coverage and visual census for reef fish abundance. The highest coral cover, categorized as good condition, was found in the North side of Menyawakan Island at a depth of 5 m (64.94%). Pomacentrus shows the greatest abundance with 291 individuals on the South side of Menyawakan Island. Overall coral cover in Menyawakan Island is categorized as medium to good condition, while the highest reef fish abundance is dominated with family of Pomacentridae, which are native habitat in coral reef area.
Bioeconomic Model of Threadfin Bream Fish Resources in Banten Bay Waters
Authors: Irnawati R , Surilayani D , Mustahal  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Threadfin bream or Nemipterus sp. becomes one of the fish resources utilized in Banten Bay waters. The catch of threadfin bream decreased from year to year. Therefore, threadfin bream resources in the Banten Bay waters have alleged over-exploited. This study aims to analyze the optimum utilization of threadfin bream fish resources, seen from three management positions namely maximum sustainable yield (MSY), maximum economic yield (MEY) and open access equilibrium (OAE). Bio-economic analysis was carried out using the Gordon Schaefer model. Economic parameters that used in this research are price and fishing cost. Biological parameters are estimated using the Schaefer model. The set gillnet, Danish seine, and trammel net are the fishing gear for catching the threadfin bream in this research. The result shows that the maximum sustainable yield of threadfin bream is 1,344 tons/year and the optimum effort is 2,298 units/year. The productions rate of threadfin bream from 2007 continued to decrease until 2016. The highest economic profit was obtained in MEY of IDR 12.9 billion. The actual condition of threadfin bream fisheries is still under the condition of MEY management. The utilization of threadfin bream can still be optimized, but it needs to be done carefully and wisely so as not to cause damage to fish resources and the environment. The decrease in catch and CPUE needs to be aware of symptoms of overfishing.
Impact of climate change on food security of rice in Malaysia: An empirical investigation
Authors: Duasa J , Mohd-Radzman N A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Since rice is the staple food of the nation, the production of rice would strongly influence the country’s food security. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and rice yield in Malaysia that is, as a mean to assess the impact of climate change on the food security of the country. The results of the empirical analysis conducted using ARDL reveal that the impact of climate change as measured by carbon dioxide emissions does not significantly affect the rice yield in the short-run but positively affect it in the long-run. Further analysis using OLS regression however shows the adverse impact of carbon dioxide emissions on rice yield is traced when interaction effects are incorporated in the regression. The positive impact of carbon dioxide emissions on rice yield occurs depending on the consumption of fertilizers and the harvested area utilized. The results postulate a long-run positive impact of carbon dioxide emissions on rice production in Malaysia despite the expectation of pure negativity.
Analysis of food security in Southeast Asia countries
Authors: Fauziyyah N E , Duasa J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The present study aims to investigate the determinants of food security in nine developing and least-developed countries of Southeast Asia. By adopting fixed effects model of panel regression with interaction terms, using yearly data (2006-2016), the results showed that all explanatory variables are significant, except agriculture land and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Employment in agriculture, Consumer Price Index (CPI), and Real Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) positively affect food production. Meanwhile, CO2 emission and gross fixed capital negatively related to food production. The study also found that employment in agriculture gives negative impact on food production when it interacts with CO2 emission and agriculture land. When RGDP interacts with CPI, it also contributes negatively to food production. However, gross fixed capital has a positive and significant relationship with food production when it interacts with CO2 emission. The findings postulate the importance of appropriate policies and innovative programs for agriculture sector to boost food production as well as to hamper food insecurity in Southeast Asia countries.
Screening of Indonesian rice cultivars against bacterial leaf blight disease under acidic soil condition
Authors: Safni I , Lubis K , Lisnawita  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Marginal lands, which often have poor soil, are largerlyfound in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Acidic soil, one of margial lands, become an obstacle for agiculture including rice growing. Additionally, bacterial leaf blight disease which is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae, is also the main problem for rice production in Indonesia and worldwide. This study was aimed to screen rice cultivars that were tolerant to acidic soils and showed resistance to bacterial leaf blight (X. oryzae pv. oryzae).This research was conducted at the Screenhouse in Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara from July to November 2020. This experiment was designedas factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) by 3 factors, i.e. Factor 1:rice cultivars (Inpari 30, Inpara 5, Inpago 9 and InpagoUnsoed 1); Factor 2: soil pH (control (pH 6.8) and pH 4.0); Factor 3:isolate of X.oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo 1) with three replications. The results showed that all cultivars grown in acidic soil were susceptible to bacterial leaf blight diseases, while all cultivars grown in control soil pH were moderately susceptible. Disease incidence for all cultivars were 100% starting from the fifth week after planting. Plant growth in acidic soil was affected more severely than that of on neutral soil, while the highest disease severity was 75 % (Inpari 30).
Microplastics occurrence in the commercial Southeast Asian seafood and its impact on food safety and security: A review
Authors: Sarijan S , Azman S , Mohd Said M I , Andu Y , Zon N F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Microplastics are plastic particle with size less than 5 mm and omnipresent in the aquatic environment. The occurrence of microplastics in marine environments has been reported in many studies and recently extended to the freshwater ecosystem. To date, the increasing incidence of microplastic ingestion by various edible aquatic species has raised concern about its potential impact on food safety, food security, and human health. Therefore, this paper overviews the current knowledge on the occurrence of microplastics in edible fish and shellfish in the Southeast Asian region. The review also discussed the research findings on the adverse effects of contaminated seafood with microplastics to human health.
Agro-morphological response of rice (Oryza sativa L.) (cv MR 284) to chronic gamma irradiation
Authors: Hasan N A , Rafii M Y , Harun A R , Ahmad F , Jaafar N N , Akmal Shukri A I 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn experiment to study the effect of cobalt 60 gamma irradiation on agronomic traits of Malaysian rice variety, MR284, was performed by using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in Gamma Green House (GGH) located at Malaysia Nuclear Agency. The GGH facility can produce a low dose rate of chronic gamma-ray which causes less damage to the plant cell and eliminate undesirable traits as well as produce wide mutation spectrum. Seedlings in pots at the age of 14 days were exposed to gamma rayS in GGH at different dose rate from 0.03 Gy/hour to 0.66 Gy/hour for 77 days (flowering stage). Data on survival rate and growth performance such as plant height and tiller number were recorded every 7th day. The result showed that, chronically irradiated MR284 plant exhibited various significant responses of agronomic characteristic against different doses of chronic gamma irradiation. Based on the survival curve, growth reduction (GD50) for MR284 was recoded at 318.63 Gy based on filled grain per plant trait. At cumulative doses of 68.87 Gy and 167.25 Gy (0.07 and 0.17 Gy/hour, respectively), the rice seedlings demonstrated the highest plant height with maximum tillering and highest number of filled grains. Those rates are stimulating to the growth and development of the plants. This study helps explicate the dose-response on local rice varieties through chronic radiation in a Gamma Green House facility in Malaysia.
Consumers’ purchase decision based on intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to food safety issues: A review
Authors: Suhaimi A , Othman A A , Sundram V P K , Ghazali A F 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFood Safety issues have been arising around the world and have led to many adversarial effects to consumers. Purchasing decisions has become more complex as it is impacted by many intrinsic and extrinsic factors that triggered changes in consumers’ behaviour. Few reviews have been conducted on the intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to food safety on consumers’ purchasing decisions. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA Statement) procedure and Web of Science (WoS) as the main database, 25 related studies were identified. Furthermore, these articles resulted with two main types of consumers’ purchasing decisions that lead towards consumer satisfaction which are willingness-to-pay and purchasing intention. These two themes were further analysed to identify food safety factors which produce several intrinsic and extrinsic factors including consumers’ characteristics, role of media, product characteristic, credence attributes and supply chain actors. Several recommendations are suggested for future in qualitative and quantitative studies, to produce a standard methodology for review in research synthesis in the context of consumers’ purchasing decision and food safety such as tracking of citation and reference searching techniques.
Poverty of Malaysian rice farmers in a changing climate - An empirical investigation in Kedah, Malaysia
Authors: Afroz R , Muhibbullah M , Rahman M Z 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This research aims to assess the economic impact of climate change on the poverty of rice farmers in Kedah. A personal interview was conducted in a sample of 400 farm households in Kedah, Malaysia. To achieve the goal of the analysis, a logit model was used. The findings indicate that education and non-farm have major positive effect on the probability of being poor for the rice farmers. For Malaysian policymakers, the evidence from this study may be useful in promoting greater preventive measures during the key and off-seasons to counteract climate instability and vulnerability.
Plant parts and preparation of edible plants by indigenous Sama-Bajau and Dusun people in Kota Belud, Sabah
Authors: Awang-Kanak F 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work presents plant parts and preparation of edible plants by indigenous Sama-Bajau and Dusun people in Kota Belud district, Sabah. A total of ten plant parts were used for the food plants by indigenous Sama-Bajau in Usukan, Kota Belud, Sabah. The most used part of plants is leaves (29.6%), followed by fruit (20.4%) and young leaves (14.8%). Meanwhile, a total of seven plant parts were used for traditional vegetables by indigenous Dusun people from the same district. The most used part of plants by Dusun people in Kadamaian, Kota Belud are leaves (48.1%), tuber (14.8%), stem (14.8%) and fruit (11.1%). There are five types of preparation for plants that were consumed as traditional vegetable; eaten fresh, blanched, boiled, grilled, and stir fry. The findings could provide the baseline data of Dusun and Sama-Bajau sustainable usage of plant resources that are readily available from their surroundings. A study on traditional knowledge on uses of wild edibles and food plants is a necessity to preserve the knowledge and extend the application of its beneficial properties for future ethnopharmacological related research.
Effects of substituting Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) as roughage source on digestibility, blood metabolites and ruminal fermentation in growing goat
Authors: Semae S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of three levels of inclusion (0, 50, and 100%) of Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) as roughage sources on growing goats. Feed nutrient digestibility, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), blood glucose (BG), and ammonia nitrogen concentration (NH3-N) of goats were measured. The results showed that the control and the 50% Leucaena in roughage groups had higher DM, OM, NDF, and ADF digestibility than the 100% Leucaena group. The digestibility of CP in goats fed with 50 and 100% of Leucaena in roughage was significantly (P<0.05) higher than goats in the control group. The values of pH, NH3-N, and BG of all treatments were not significantly different. The ruminal NH3-N concentration did was not changed with different proportions of Leucaena leaf, ranged between 24.98-26.52 mg/dL. The BUN and BG concentrations in this trial were within the physiological range of goats. Results of this study concluded that substitution of grass by Leucaena up to 50% enhanced DM, CP and fiber digestibility but total substitution reduced nutrient digestibility (except CP). However, substitution at both levels did not affect blood metabolites and ruminal fermentation of growing goat.
Participation towards Agro-Entrepreneur among RISDA rubber smallholders in Kelantan
Authors: Rosli Fazidah , Abu Bakar Tengku Halimatu Sa’adiah T , Tengku Yusman Azizi Tengku Nur Husna Bt , Hamzah Nur Masriyah , Young Liew Jeng , Mahshar Munirah 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As their income was under the poverty line income (PLI), most of the rubber smallholders were listed as hard-core poor with the average earning of below RM800 per month. Regarding this issue, the government and private sector have provided several entrepreneurial programs to improve their better lives but however the participation among rubber smallholders are still low according to RISDA report. Therefore, a study is conducted to evaluate the variables affecting the involvement of RISDA rubber smallholders in Kelantan in agro-entrepreneurship program. Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) used to observe attitudes towards people behaviour which is important to determine the factor of participation of rubber smallholders in agro-entrepreneurship program conducted. Attitudes influence behaviour by their impact on intentions while intentions and attitudes depend on the situation and person. Thus, TPB model on data derived from Kelantan rubber smallholders with independent variables such as attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioural regulation is applied. The questionnaires were distributed among 100 RISDA rubber smallholders using a simple random sampling technique and the data was analyzed using a descriptive and correlation analysis. Results have shown that the all factors influencing participation have high mean score and was significant to the participation towards agro-entrepreneurship program.
Levels of trace metals in edible fish species of Permanent Forest Reserve (PFR), Merapoh, Pahang: a threat to Batek tribe
Authors: Idris N S U , Rosman M A , Mohamed Ghani N , Jamain E R , Mukri I , Abdul Halim N S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Monitoring metals in fish can give concise information on the water quality status than only monitoring of sediments and water column. The evaluation of metals in the fish can be used as an indicator to know the metals transfer to the human body through fish consumption. This study was carried out to evaluate the distributions of metals elements (Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd) in fish species Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Rasbora elegans, and Barbodes lateristriga sampled from two rivers in Permanent Forest Reserve, Merapoh, Pahang. Metal elements were analysed using atomic absorption spectrometry and consumption rates advisory were estimated to assess the safety of fish consumption within Batek tribe were estimated. In risk and safety assessment, the metal concentrations in the edible muscles of fish samples were found to be below the established limits (Malaysian Food Act, 1983), except for Zn and As. However, target hazard quotient (THQ) values suggested avoiding consumption of C.apogon from Sungai Jalang and Sungai Kalong to reduce the potential risk to Batek tribe as the values of arsenic and cadmium approached unity. It is suggested that Cd and As are the best describers in characterising the potential of C. apogon as a bioindicators of metal pollution in aquatic ecosystem.
Hybrid treatment of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) as a sustainable and efficient protein source in poultry diets
Authors: Mohd Zuki N. A. , Ibrahim N. A. , Mat K. , Rusli N. D. , Harun H. C. , Mahmud M. , Samat N. , Al-Amsyar S. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of BSFL meal protein hydrolysate as a sustainable alternative source of protein in poultry diets. Protein hydrolysis of BSFL meal was carried out by using sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and Thermostable Alkaline Protease enzyme (TAPzyme) under mild conditions: moderate temperature of 50 °C and pH 9. A total of 8 treatments: 10% NaCl (T1); 10% KCl (T2); 10% TAPzyme (T3); 20% TAPzyme (T4); 10% NaCl and 10% TAPzyme (T5); 10% NaCl and 20% TAPzyme (T6); 10% KCl and 10% TAPzyme (T7); and, 10% KCl and 20% TAPzyme (T8) were performed to determine protein hydrolysate concentration (μg/mL), and percentage of protein concentration decreased (%) at the end of this research. The hybrid treatment, i.e., Treatment 6 (10% NaCl and 20% TAPzyme), had the lowest protein concentration and highest protein concentration decreased at 280.782 µg/mL and 49.20%, respectively. This result shows that salt and protease’s synergistic effect managed to hydrolysed BSFL protein into smaller peptides efficiently than salt and protease alone.
Effect of soaking time and fermentation on the nutrient and antinutrients composition of Canavalia ensiformis (Kacang Koro)
Authors: Ramli N A M , Chen Y H , Zin Z Mohd , Abdullah M A A , Rusli N D , Zainol M K 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe increasing demand in developing countries for alternative protein sources, coupled with the relatively high cost of importing protein, has led to the search for alternatives, particularly for novel legumes native to the tropics.Canavalia ensiformisor Jack Bean (Kacang Koro) could provide adequate protein sources for human consumption if the presence of various antinutrients can be reduced. The most cost-effective processing technique for the detoxifying method is the soaking process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect on the nutritional, antinutritional and mineral content ofC. ensiformisof soaking time and fermentation. The samples were treated by soaking in 1% sodium bicarbonates (NaHCO3) solutions for 12 h, 24 h and 36 h (at chilled temperature, 10 °C) and fermented (40 °C). The treated samples were analysed for their proximate values and antinutrient factors (hydrogen cyanide (HCN), phytic acid, tannin, saponin and oxalate content). The results showed that proximate values were not significantly affected by soaking treatment and fermentation. After 36 h of soaking in 1% of NaHCO3solution, the HCN level inC. ensiformisand fermentation process, the HCN level to be reduced to 7.43 ± 0.76 mg/kg while phytic acid was reduced to 0.64±0.00, saponin to 1.27 ±0.01, tannins to 0.01± 0.001 and oxalate to 39.96 ± 5.85. These results suggest good prospects for substitutingC. ensiformisfor any existing protein source as the antinutrient factors could be reduced to an acceptable level. The soaking ofC. ensiformisin 1% NaHCO3coupled with fermentation would also allow the use ofC. ensiformisin food production.
Determinants of household’s intention of practicing sustainable food waste management in Malaysia
Authors: Wong K K S , Sharifuddin J , Nik Masdek N R , Wong W L , Lai K S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The issue of food waste continues to be a challenge especially when it comes to practicing sustainable food waste management in Malaysia. Much attention is needed to overcome the issue of food waste in order to make changes towards the current situation. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the factors related to the urban households’ intention towards sustainable food waste management in Malaysia. Data from 200 respondents was collected through an online survey using purposive sampling method. Thereafter, factor analysis was adopted to analyze the relationship between the factors influencing the intention of households to practice sustainable food waste management. Descriptive analysis showed that respondents from the survey had high intention of practicing sustainable food waste management and the majority of the respondents claimed that it would reduce environmental harm. Based on the factor analysis, the determinants related to the households’ intention of practicing sustainable food waste management were attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, and intention of reducing food waste. To curb the growing issues of food waste, local authorities have implemented various strategies and campaigns to create awareness as well as ensuring practices to reduce local food waste, such as waste segregation laws, building anaerobic digesters for food courts, composting facilities, the MY Save Food initiative, and others. However, the efforts and the efficiency of the local authority to minimize local food waste are still under observation. Perhaps, all levels of the community should increase their cooperation to provide the drive towards a zero-food waste culture in Malaysia.
Indonesian food security during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Suwardi  
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The World Food Organization (FAO) has warned of a potential food crisis during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. In response to this problem, the Indonesian government has implemented various strategies to maintain food security in order to avoid a food crisis. Even though the national food stock is still considered safe, anticipation needs to be done for maintaining food security. Efforts have been made in the form of increasing food security at the household, local, and national levels. At the household level, the movement of homestead land use in villages with integrated farming and urban areas with urban farming has helped to increase food security. At the local level, local food development movements such as maize, cassava, sago, and tubers were carried out to reduce dependence on food supplies from other areas that were disrupted by distribution during the Covid-19 pandemic. At the national level, the government continues to develop food security through the development of Food Estate in Kalimantan and Sumatra. The strategy for achieving food security is carried out through massive short-, medium- and long-term movements. The impact of Covid-19 is not only on food security but also on community innovation and creations.