bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children and adolescent solid tumours and high-intensity end-of-life care: what can be done to reduce acute care admissions?
Authors: Podda Marta Giorgia , Schiavello Elisabetta , Clerici Carlo Alfredo , Luksch Roberto , Terenziani Monica , Ferrari Andrea , Casanova Michela , Spreafico Filippo , Meazza Cristina , Biassoni Veronica , Chiaravalli Stefano , Puma Nadia , Bergamaschi Luca , Gattuso Giovanna , Sironi Giovanna , Nigro Olga , Massimino Maura 
Published: September 2021

Despite improvements in survival, cancer remains the leading cause of non-accidental death in children and adolescents, who risk receiving high-intensity end-of-life (HI-EOL) care.ObjectiveTo analyse treatments for relapses (particularly in the last weeks of life), assess their impact on the EOL, identify patients most likely to receive HI-EOL care and examine whether palliative care services can contain the intensity of EOL care.MethodsThis retrospective study involved patients treated at the paediatric oncology unit of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori in Milan who died between 2018 and 2020. The primary outcome was HI-EOL care, defined as: ≥1 session of intravenous chemotherapy <14 days before death; ≥1 hospitalisation in intensive care in the last 30 days of life and ≥1 emergency room admission in the last 30 days of life.ResultsThe study concerned 68 patients, and 17 had HI-EOL care. Patients given specific in-hospital treatments in the last 14 days of their life more frequently died in hospital. Those given aggressive EOL care were less likely to die at home or in the hospice. Patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumours were more likely to have treatments requiring hospitalisation, and to receive HI-EOL care.ConclusionThese results underscore the importance of considering specific treatments at the EOL with caution. Treatments should be administered at home whenever possible.The early activation of palliative care, especially for fragile and complicated patients like those with CNS cancers, could help families cope with the many problems they face.
Primary results of the Vesalio NeVa VS for the Treatment of Symptomatic Cerebral Vasospasm following Aneurysm Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (VITAL) Study
Authors: Gupta Rishi , Woodward Keith , Fiorella David , Woo Henry H , Liebeskind David , Frei Donald , Siddiqui Adnan , De Leacy Reade , Hanel Ricardo , Elijovich Lucas , Maud Alberto 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundCerebral vasospasm (CV) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is linked to worse neurological outcomes. The NeVa VS is a novel cerebral dilation device based on predicate stent retrievers. We report the results of the Vesalio NeVa VS for the Treatment of Symptomatic Cerebral Vasospasm following aSAH (VITAL) Study.MethodsThis was a single-arm prospective multicenter trial to assess the safety and probable benefit of the NeVa VS device to treat CV. Patients were screened and treated if they had CV >50% on non-invasive imaging confirmed by cerebral angiography. The vessel diameters were measured before and after treatment by an independent core laboratory. The primary endpoint was ≥50% vessel diameter immediately after treatment with the NeVa VS device.ResultsThirty patients with a mean age of 52±11 years and mean Hunt–Hess grade of 3.1±0.9 were enrolled. A total of 74 vessels were treated with an average of 1.3 deployments per vessel (95 deployments total). The mean pre-treatment narrowing of the target vessel (n=74) was 65.6% with reduction of the narrowing to 29.4% after treatment. The primary endpoint was achieved in 64 of 74 vessels (86.5%). In three of 95 total deployments (3.2%), thrombus at the site of deployment was observed during the procedure without apparent neurological sequelae.ConclusionsThe NeVa VS device appears to be a safe treatment to regain vessel diameter in severely narrowed intracranial arteries secondary to CV associated with aSAH. This treatment offers a new tool that allows for controlled vessel expansion to treat CV.
Predictors and clinical impact of infarct progression rate in the ESCAPE-NA1 trial
Authors: Ospel Johanna Maria , McDonough Rosalie , Demchuk Andrew M , Menon Bijoy K , Almekhlafi Mohammed A , Nogueira Raul G , McTaggart Ryan A , Poppe Alexandre Y , Buck Brian H , Roy Daniel , Haussen Diogo C , Chapot René , Field Thalia S , Jayaraman Mahesh V , Tymianski Michael , Hill Michael D , Goyal Mayank 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundDetermining infarct progression rate in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is important for patient triage, treatment decision-making, and outcome prognostication.ObjectiveTo estimate infarct progression rate in patients with AIS with large vessel occlusion (LVO) and determine its predictors and impact on clinical outcome.MethodsData are from the ESCAPE-NA1 Trial. Patients with AIS with time from last known well to randomization <6 hours and near-complete reperfusion following endovascular treatment were included. Infarct growth rate (mL/h) was estimated by dividing 24 hour infarct volume (measured by non-contrast CT or diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging) by time from last known well to reperfusion. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association of patient baseline variables with log-transformed infarct progression rate. The association of infarct progression rate and good outcome (modified Rankin Scale score 0–2) was determined using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsFour hundred and nine patients were included in the study. Median infarct progression rate was 4.74 mL/h (IQR 1.25–14.84). Collateral status (β: −0.81 (95% CI −1.20 to −0.41)), Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS, β: −0.34 (95% CI −0.46 to −0.23)), blood glucose(β: 0.09 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.16)), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHS score (β: 0.07 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.10)) were associated with log-transformed infarct progression rate. Clinical and imaging baseline variables explained 23% of the variance in infarct progression rate. Infarct progression rate was significantly associated with good outcome (aOR per 1 mL/h increase: 0.96 (95% CI 0.95 to 0.98)).ConclusionIn this sample of patients presenting within the early time window with LVO and near-complete recanalization, infarct progression rate was significantly associated with good outcome. A significant association between ASPECTS, collateral status, blood glucose, and NIHSS score was observed, but baseline imaging and clinical characteristics explained only a small proportion of the interindividual variance. More research on measurable factors affecting infarct growth is needed.
Protein kinase G signaling pathway is involved in sympathetically maintained pain by modulating ATP-sensitive potassium channels
Authors: Li Huiming , Shang Mengjuan , Liu Ling , Lin Xiaoyu , Hu Junfeng , Han Qian , Xing Junling 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundSympathetically maintained pain (SMP) involves an increased excitability of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to sympathetic nerve stimulation and circulating norepinephrine. The current treatment of SMP has limited efficacy, and hence more mechanistic insights into this intractable pain condition are urgently needed.MethodsA caudal trunk transection (CTT) model of neuropathic pain was established in mice.Immunofluorescence staining, small interfering RNA, pharmacological and electrophysiological studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that norepinephrine increases the excitability of small-diameter DRG neurons from CTT mice through the activation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate-protein kinase G (cGMP-PKG) signaling pathway.ResultsBehavior study showed that CTT mice developed mechanical and heat hypersensitivities, which were attenuated by intraperitoneal injection of guanethidine. CTT mice also showed an abnormal sprouting of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive nerve fibers in DRG, and an increased excitability of small-diameter DRG neurons to norepinephrine, suggesting that CTT is a useful model to study SMP. Importantly, inhibiting cGMP-PKG pathway with small interfering RNA and KT5823 attenuated the increased sympathetic sensitivity in CTT mice. In contrast, cGMP activators (Sp-cGMP, 8-Br-cGMP) further increased sympathetic sensitivity. Furthermore, phosphorylation of ATP-sensitive potassium channel, which is a downstream target of PKG, may contribute to the adrenergic modulation of DRG neuron excitability.ConclusionsOur findings suggest an important role of cGMP-PKG signaling pathway in the increased excitability of small-diameter DRG neurons to norepinephrine after CTT, which involves an inhibition of the ATP-sensitive potassium currents through PKG-induced phosphorylation. Accordingly, drugs targeting this pathway may help to treat SMP.
QCD phase transition drives supernova explosion of a very massive star
Authors: Fischer Tobias 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe nature of core-collapse supernova (SN) explosions is yet incompletely understood. The present article revisits the scenario in which the release of latent heat due to a first-order phase transition, from normal nuclear matter to the quark–gluon plasma, liberates the necessary energy to explain the observed SN explosions. Here, the role of the metallicity of the stellar progenitor is investigated, comparing a solar metallicity and a low-metallicity case, both having a zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) mass of 75 M$$_\odot $$

⊙

. It is found that low-metallicity models belong exclusively to the failed SN branch, featuring the formation of black holes without explosions. It excludes this class of massive star explosions as possible site for the nucleosynthesis of heavy elements at extremely low metallicity, usually associated with the early universe.
Towards extracting cosmic magnetic field structures from cosmic-ray arrival directions
Authors: Wirtz Marcus , Bister Teresa , Erdmann Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present a novel method to search for structures of coherently aligned patterns in ultra-high energy cosmic-ray arrival directions simultaneously across the entire sky. This method can be used to obtain information on the Galactic magnetic field, in particular the integrated component perpendicular to the line of sight, from cosmic-ray data only. Using a likelihood-ratio approach, neighboring cosmic rays are related by rotatable, elliptically shaped density distributions and the significance of their alignment with respect to circular distributions is evaluated. In this way, a vector field tangential to the celestial sphere is fitted which approximates the local deflections in cosmic magnetic fields if significant deflection structures are detected. The sensitivity of the method is evaluated on the basis of astrophysical simulations of the ultra-high energy cosmic-ray sky, where a discriminative power between isotropic and signal-induced scenarios is found.
Critical exponents and transport properties near the QCD critical endpoint from the statistical bootstrap model
Authors: Kadam Guruprasad , Mishra Hiranmaya , Panero Marco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe present an estimate of the behavior of the shear and bulk viscosity coefficients when the QCD critical point is approached from the hadronic side, describing hadronic matter within the statistical bootstrap model of strong interactions. The bootstrap model shows critical behavior near the quark-hadron transition temperature if the parameter characterizing the degeneracy of Hagedorn states is properly chosen. We calculate the critical exponents and amplitudes of relevant thermodynamic quantities near the QCD critical point and combine them with anAnsatzfor the shear and bulk viscosity coefficients to derive the behavior of these coefficients near the critical point. The shear viscosity to entropy density ratio is found to decrease when the temperature is increased, and to approach the Kovtun–Son–Starinets bound$$1/(4\pi )$$1/(4π)faster near the critical point, while the bulk viscosity coefficient is found to rise very rapidly.
Paleozoic basin reactivation and inversion of the underexplored Northern North Sea platforms: a cross-border approach
Authors: Scisciani Vittorio , Patruno Stefano , D'Intino Nico , Esestime Paolo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Well penetrations on the UK East Shetland Platform (ESP) prove 1–8 km-thick Devonian post-orogenic extensional collapse-related successions. Conversely, extremely thick (1–6 km) Permo-Triassic basin-fills without Devono-Carboniferous units were in the past interpreted west of the Utsira High, on the Norwegian Horda Platform and Stord Basin, albeit Pre-Triassic well penetrations are here very rare. In this work, the nature and age of Paleozoic–Triassic strata and structures in these underexplored platform regions are tentatively constrained by performing cross-border regional seismic interpretations east and west of the Viking Graben.

We highlight cross-border analogies in structural style and seismic facies, with a similar evolution dominated by polyphase inversion tectonics and structural grain preservation. In the Norwegian study areas, much of the half-graben sedimentary fills may be interpreted as Devonian–?Carboniferous in age as in the ESP, rather than overly thick Permo-Triassic successions. Major graben-bounding extensional faults are low angle (
c.
25°–33°), approximately north-striking and are likely to be rooting downwards into reactivated Caledonian shear zones. Rifting development occurred in multiple episodes, possibly creating different traps. Prior to Permian–Jurassic rifting, many low-angle Caledonian thrusts were subject to extensional inversion in the Devonian and then to Variscan compressional reactivation, causing vertical extrusion and deformation of Devonian synrift wedges.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Expression and Prognosis for E2Fs in Human Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Chongli , Cui Yong , Wang Guannan , Zhao Wugan , Zhao Haiyu , Huang Xuejie , Zhang Min , Li Wencai 
Published: September 2021

Background. E2F transcription factors is a family of transcription factors, and lots of studies have shown that they play a key role in the occurrence and development of many tumors. However, the association between expression, prognostic value, and immune infiltration in the tumor microenvironment of the eight E2Fs members in ccRCC is still unclear. Methods. We used online databases, such as ONCOMINE, UALCAN, Kaplan–Meier plotter, GEPIA, Metascape, TIMER, and cBioPortal, to analyze the effect of mRNA expression of E2Fs family members in ccRCC on the prognosis of patients and the relationship with immune infiltration. Results. Except for E2F5, other seven members of the family of E2Fs mRNA expression levels in ccRCC tissues were significantly higher than control tissues. And the high expression of E2Fs mRNA in ccRCC patients was related to cancer stage and tumor grade. Survival analysis results suggested that elevated mRNA expression levels of E2F1/2/3/4/7/8 were significantly related to the shorter overall survival (OS) in ccRCC patients (

P

= 3.9E – 06), while high mRNA expression of E2F6 is not related to OS (

P

= 0.061). Mutations of E2Fs were correlated with shorter OS of ccRCC patients (

P

= 7.094E – 5). In addition, mRNA expression of E2F1/2/3/4/7/8 was positively correlated with infiltration of six types of immune cells, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Conclusions. These results indicate that E2F1/2/3/4/7/8 may be used as a prognostic marker for the survival of ccRCC patients and laid the foundation for studying the immune infiltration role of E2Fs family members in tumors.
Epidemiologic and Genetic Associations of Erythropoietin With Blood Pressure, Hypertension, and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Sun Pengfei , Kumar Nitin , Tin Adrienne , Zhao Jing , Brown Michael R. , Lin Zesen , Yang Min-Lee , Zheng Qiwen , Jia Jia , Bielak Lawrence F. , Yu Bing , Boerwinkle Eric , Hunker Kristina L. , Coresh Josef , Chen Y. Eugene , Huo Yong , Kardia Sharon L.R. , Khoriaty Rami , Zhou Xiang , Morrison Alanna C. , Zhang Yan , Ganesh Santhi K. 
Published: September 2021

While exogenous administration of recombinant erythropoietin has been associated with increased risk of hypertension, coronary artery disease, and mortality, it is not known if endogenous circulating erythropoietin level is associated with coronary artery disease and its risk factors. We measured and analyzed epidemiological and genetic associations of circulating plasma erythropoietin levels in 2 population cohorts, from China (N=4329) and the United States (N=3671). In vitro smooth muscle cell responses and in vivo murine studies of erythropoietin exposure were performed. Erythropoietin levels were positively and linearly associated with blood pressure traits and inversely associated with cholesterol levels and red cell indices. Higher erythropoietin level was associated with higher prevalence of hypertension (odds ratio, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.12–1.29],
P
=4.41×10
−7
) and coronary artery disease (odds ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.00–1.34],
P
=0.046). In a discovery stage genetic association study of erythropoietin level, we identified a previously reported locus on chromosome 6 (rs7776054 near
HBS1L-MYB
,
P
=4.86×10
−25
) and a new locus on chromosome 4 (rs172629 near
PDGFRA-KIT
,
P
=2.1×10
−8
), which was independently replicated. Meta-analysis of discovery and replication genetic association results identified a locus on chromosome 22 (rs855791 near
TMPRSS6
,
P
=3.60×10
−9
). Erythropoietin administration, within a physiological range of hematocrit achieved, induced hypertension in vivo and increased contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. In conclusion, endogenous circulating erythropoietin level is influenced by common genetic variation and is associated with blood pressure traits, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. Vascular effects of erythropoietin demonstrated in vitro and in vivo support a newly discovered mechanism of hypertension and cardiovascular risk with potential implications for erythropoietic support in the clinic.

Graphic Abstract:
An online graphic abstract is available for this article.
Constructing Strangeness: Exploratory Modeling and Concept Formation
Authors: Borrelli Arianna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe notion of exploratory modeling constitutes a powerful heuristic tool for historical-epistemological analysis and especially for studying concept formation. I will show this by means of a case study from the history of particle physics: the formation of the concept of “strangeness” in the early 1950s at the interface of theory and experiment. Strangeness emerged from a broad space of possibilities opened up by exploratory modeling by authors working in communication and competition, and constructing both new questions and new answers. A systematic focus on exploratory modeling also helps compensate a bias towards the “right” developments still often present in historical investigations of theoretical work.
Fluency-related Temporal Features and Syllable Prominence as Prosodic Proficiency Predictors for Learners of English with Different Language Backgrounds
Authors: Kallio Heini , Suni Antti , Šimko Juraj 
Published: September 2021

Prosodic features are important in achieving intelligibility, comprehensibility, and fluency in a second or foreign language (L2). However, research on the assessment of prosody as part of oral proficiency remains scarce. Moreover, the acoustic analysis of L2 prosody has often focused on fluency-related temporal measures, neglecting language-dependent stress features that can be quantified in terms of syllable prominence. Introducing the evaluation of prominence-related measures can be of use in developing both teaching and assessment of L2 speaking skills. In this study we compare temporal measures and syllable prominence estimates as predictors of prosodic proficiency in non-native speakers of English with respect to the speaker’s native language (L1). The predictive power of temporal and prominence measures was evaluated for utterance-sized samples produced by language learners from four different L1 backgrounds: Czech, Slovak, Polish, and Hungarian. Firstly, the speech samples were assessed using the revised Common European Framework of Reference scale for prosodic features. The assessed speech samples were then analyzed to derive articulation rate and three fluency measures. Syllable-level prominence was estimated by a continuous wavelet transform analysis using combinations of F0, energy, and syllable duration. The results show that the temporal measures serve as reliable predictors of prosodic proficiency in the L2, with prominence measures providing a small but significant improvement to prosodic proficiency predictions. The predictive power of the individual measures varies both quantitatively and qualitatively depending on the L1 of the speaker. We conclude that the possible effects of the speaker’s L1 on the production of L2 prosody in terms of temporal features as well as syllable prominence deserve more attention in applied research and developing teaching and assessment methods for spoken L2.
What Makes Families Healthy? Examining Correlates of Family Health in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adults in the United States
Authors: Haehnel Quenla , Whitehead Caitlin , Broadbent Eliza , Hanson Carl L. , Crandall AliceAnn 
Published: September 2021

Conceptually, family health is crucial for individual health across the lifespan, yet previous research has lacked a validated family health measure. The current study examines the relationships between individual physical (physical activity) and mental health (depressive symptoms and executive functioning) and social determinants of health (socioeconomic status) with four domains of family health using a recently validated family health measure. The sample included 1050 US adults (40.30 years; 53.78% female) that completed a survey. The results of the structural equation model revealed that depression was associated with reduced family health across all domains. Executive functioning was associated with better family social and emotional processes and family healthy lifestyle. Physical activity was associated with improved family healthy lifestyle only. Income was positively associated with each domain, but subjective SES was not associated with any domain. The findings indicate the interconnectedness of family health and individual factors, particularly with depression and wealth.