bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning about a serious disease: When a personalized message is harmful unless you are happy
Authors: Kühl Tim , Münzer Stefan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccording to the personalization principle, addressing learners by means of a personalized compared to a nonpersonalized message can foster learning. Interestingly, though, a recent study found that the personalization principle can invert for aversive contents. The present study investigated whether the negative effect of a personalized message for an aversive content can be compensated when learners are in a happy mood. It was hypothesized that the negative effect of a personalized compared to a nonpersonalized message would only be observable for participants in a sad mood, while for participants in a happy mood a personalized message should be beneficial. A 2 × 2 between‐subject design with mood (happy vs. sad) and personalization (personalized vs. nonpersonalized message) was used (N = 125 University students). Mood was experimentally varied prior to learning. Learning outcomes were measured by a retention and a transfer test. Results were essentially in line with the assumption: For participants in the sad mood condition, a negative effect of a personalized message was observable for retention and transfer. For participants in the happy mood condition, a positive effect of personalized message was observable for retention, but no effect for transfer. Note that the manipulation check measure for the mood induction procedure did not detect differences between conditions; this may be due to a shortcoming of the used measure (as indicated by an additional evaluation study). The study emphasizes the importance to consider the inherent emotional content of a topic, such as its aversive nature, since the emotional content of a topic can be a boundary condition for design principles in multimedia learning. The study also highlights the complex interplay of externally induced and inherently arising emotions.
Thrombospondin‐4 promotes bladder cancer cell migration and invasion via MMP2 production
Authors: Chou Kuang‐Yu , Chang An‐Chen , Ho Chao‐Yen , Tsai Te‐Fu , Chen Hung‐En , Chen Po‐Chun , Hwang Thomas I‐Sheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBladder cancer (BC) is the second most common urological tumour in Western countries. Approximately, 80% of patients with BC will present with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), whereas a quarter will have muscle invasive disease (MIBC) at the time of BC diagnosis. However, patients with NMIBC are at risk of BC recurrence or progression into MIBC, and an MIBC prognosis is determined by the presence of progression and metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), a type of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), plays a major role in tumour invasion and is well‐characterized in BC prognosis. In BC, the mechanisms regulating MMP2 expression, and, in turn, promote cancer invasion, have hardly been explored. Thrombospondin‐4 (THBS4/TSP4) is a matricellular glycoprotein that regulates multiple biological functions, including proliferation, angiogenesis, cell adhesion and extracellular matrix modelling. Based on the results of a meta‐analysis in the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 database, we observed that TSP4 expression levels were consistent with overall survival (OS) rate and BC progression, with the highest expression levels observed in the advanced stages of BC and associated with poor OS rate. In our pilot experiments, incubation with recombinant TSP4 promoted the migration and invasion in BC cells. Furthermore, MMP2 expression levels increased after recombinant TSP4 incubation. TSP4‐induced‐MMP2 expression and cell motility were regulated via the AKT signalling pathway. Our findings facilitate further investigation into TSP4 silencing‐based therapeutic strategies for BC.
The Effects of Supranational Delegation on Policy Development
Authors: Citi Manuele , Jensen Mads Dagnis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStudies on delegation to international organizations have extensively examined the determinants of supranational delegation. Yet, systematic empirical accounts on the effects of different types and degrees of delegation on policy developments remain limited. This paper addresses this gap by using a novel dataset that combines delegation data from the Treaty of Rome with data on legislation and case law developed by the European authorities (1958–2000). The analysis produces three findings. First, a higher level of delegation of legislative and executive functions has a positive effect on the volume of secondary legislation, but no effect on the volume of case law. Second, a higher level of judicial delegation has a positive effect on the volume of case law, while limiting legislative activity. Third, the precision of the Treaty provisions constrains the volume of secondary legislation. The findings show how the type and intensity of supranational delegation shape supranational policy development.
Kratom exposures among older adults reported to U.S. poison centers, 2014–2019
Authors: Graves Janessa M. , Dilley Julia A. , Terpak Lucia , Brooks‐Russell Ashley , Whitehill Jennifer M. , Klein Tracy A. , Liebelt Erica 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, use of the herbal supplement kratom has increased in the United States. The reasons for use include pain relief, particularly as a substitute for opioids.ObjectivesTo describe epidemiologic trends in kratom‐related exposures among older adults reported to U.S. poison centers.DesignRetrospective analysis of American Association of Poison Control Center's National Poison Data System (NPDS).SettingData from all U.S. poison centers from 2014 to 2019 were examined.ParticipantsKratom exposure cases involving adults aged 18 and older. Kratom cases were identified by product and NPDS generic codes. Non‐human and information‐only calls were excluded. Data were examined for all calls for exposures among adults, with a focus on older adults aged 60–69 years and above 70 years.MeasurementsDescriptive analyses were used to characterize individual demographic, exposure information, clinical effects, and medical outcomes associated with kratom exposures among older adults. Comparisons across age groups (18–59, 60–69, and 70+ years) were made using Fisher's exact tests.ResultsAmong 3484 kratom‐related exposures reported between 2014 and 2019, 4.6% (n = 162) were among adults over 60 years. The number of kratom‐related exposures increased over time. Most cases originated with calls from healthcare facilities (81.1%) and involved kratom as a single ingestant (63.0%). The reason for most ingestions was intentional (74.5%). One in five exposures among adults aged 70 and older involved an adverse reaction (e.g., drug interaction; 21.9%), compared with 12.3% among ages 60–69 and 9.6% among ages 18–59 years. Neurological and cardiovascular clinical effects were observed. Twenty‐three deaths were observed among older adults.ConclusionHealthcare providers and older adult patients should be aware of the potential risks of kratom use, including medication interactions and falls. When reviewing medication lists, providers should query this population for all medications and substances being used, especially in people being treated for pain.
Ponesimod protects against neuronal death by suppressing the activation of A1 astrocytes in early brain injury after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Lifang , Guo Kecheng , Zhou Jian , Zhang Xianhui , Yin Shigang , Peng Jianhua , Liao Yuyan , Jiang Yong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs an important initiator and responder of brain inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), astrocytes transform into two new reactive phenotypes with changed morphology, altered gene expression and secretion profiles, termed detrimental A1 and beneficial A2. Inflammatory events have been shown to occur during the phase of early brain injury (EBI) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the phenotype transformation of astrocytes as well as its potential contribution to inflammatory status in the EBI of SAH has yet to be determined. In the present study, both in vivo and in vitro models of SAH were established, and the polarization of astrocytes after SAH was analyzed by RNA‐seq, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. The effect of astrocytic phenotype transformation on neuroinflammation was examined by real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We demonstrated that astrocytes were transformed into A1 astrocytes and caused neuronal death through the release of pro‐inflammatory factors in EBI after SAH. Importantly, Ponesimod, an S1PR1 specific modulator, exerted neuroprotective effects through the prevention of astrocytic polarization to the A1 phenotype as proved by immunofluorescence, neurological tests, and TUNEL study. We also revealed the role of Ponesimod in modulating astrocytic response was mediated by the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling. Our study suggested that Ponesimod may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of brain injury following SAH.
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The multiple faces of the oxytocin and vasopressin systems in the brain
Authors: Grinevich Valery , Ludwig Mike 
Published: June 2021

AbstractClassically, hypothalamic neuroendocrine cells that synthesise oxytocin and vasopressin were categorised in two major cell types: the magnocellular and parvocellular neurones. It was assumed that magnocellular neurones project exclusively to the pituitary gland where they release oxytocin and vasopressin into the systemic circulation. The parvocellular neurones, on the other hand, project within the brain to regulate discrete brain circuitries and behaviours. Within the last few years, it has become evident that the classical view of these projections is outdated. It is now clear that oxytocin and vasopressin in the brain are released extrasynaptically from dendrites and from varicosities in distant axons. The peptides act principally to modulate information transfer through conventional synapses (such as glutamate synapses) by actions at respective receptors that may be preferentially localised to synaptic regions (on either side of the synapse) to alter the ‘gain’ of conventional synapses.
Turning point and oscillatory cycles: Concepts, measurement, and use
Authors: Kulish Mariano , Pagan Adrian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe early history of cycles research involved locating turning points in the data. Later, the development of methods such as spectral analysis led to a focus on oscillations. A distinction between cycles and oscillations is needed—both imply turning points, but turning points can occur without oscillations. Turning points can be identified in nonstationary series but, as it is hard to define oscillations nonparametrically in such a series, harmonic models tend to be used to capture any oscillatory phenomena. One needs to check then that oscillations are not just being imposed by the model. We show that often there are no oscillations in the series the models are applied to. When they are present it has been argued that one needs to pay attention to medium‐term oscillations of 8–30 years rather than the standard 2–8 years of the business cycle. We analyze whether there is much merit in this argument and conclude there is not. Beaudry et al. (2020,American Economic Review,110, 1–47) contention that there is a cycle of 9/10 years in series such as hours per capita is also examined and we find that there is little evidence for it. Moreover, if there is in fact such an oscillation it accounts for less than 1% of the variance of the series. Comparative studies of models based on endogenous versus exogenous technology as well as limit cycles due to accumulation and complementarity mechanisms are also examined.
Prospective risk of stillbirth and neonatal complications for monochorionic diamniotic and dichorionic diamniotic twins after 24 weeks of gestation
Authors: Yu Florrie Nga Yui , Mak Annisa Shui Lam , Chan Ngai Man , Siu Kiu Lok , Ma Teresa Wei Ling , Leung Kwok Yin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionOur study compared the prospective risks of intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), neonatal death (NND), perinatal death (PND), and neonatal morbidities in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) and dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin pregnancies.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included twin pregnancies who had antenatal care and delivery in a public hospital from 2011 to 2018. Exclusion criteria included monoamnionicity, one/both twin miscarriage, twin‐twin transfusion syndrome, or lethal congenital abnormalities. All twins were managed in multiple pregnancy clinic with standardized protocols. Gestational age‐specific IUFD, NND, PND, and neonatal morbidity rates were compared according to chorionicity.ResultsThree hundred seventy‐eight MCDA and 1282 DCDA twins were included. MCDA twins had higher risks of PND (1.9% vs. 0.7% in DCDA twins, p = 0.05), composite neonatal morbidity (p = 0.01), preterm delivery (p < 0.01), and low birth weight (p < 0.01). The prospective risk of IUFD was 0.6% and 0.4% for MCDA and DCDA twins, respectively after 34 weeks' gestation. No NND occurred among deliveries after 30 weeks. The risk of neonatal morbidity of MCDA twins fell from 22.7% at 34 weeks to 2.7% at 37 weeks (p < 0.01). For DCDA twins, the risk of morbidity fell insignificantly from 36 to 38 weeks (4.0% vs. 3.4%, p = 0.60). Logistic regression analysis suggested that the increased risk of perinatal morbidities was related to the higher rate of preterm delivery in MCDA twins rather than chorionicity.ConclusionWith close fetal monitoring, the risk of late IUFD in twin pregnancies without major complications is low. Perinatal morbidity can be minimized by avoiding late preterm deliveries in twin pregnancies.
Brain 11C‐ITMM PET to longitudinally assess type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor availability in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ishibashi Kenji , Miura Yoshiharu , Wagatsuma Kei , Kameyama Masashi , Ishii Kenji 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeLittle evidence exists on the role of type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1) in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), although mGluR1 may be involved in the regulation of neuronal excitability and synaptic plasticity. We have recently reported that mGluR1 availability in the early stage of AD is equivalent to that in healthy subjects. This study aimed to address whether mGluR1 availability changes with the progression of AD.MethodsEight patients with AD (79.1 ± 4.6 years) underwent a total of two positron emission tomography (PET) examinations using the mGluR1 radioligand during the early‐to‐middle stages of AD. The mean interval was 2.8 years. Volumes‐of‐interest were placed on the frontal, parietal, and temporal cortices, hippocampus, anterior and posterior lobes, and vermis in the cerebellum. The binding potential (BPND) was calculated to estimate mGluR1 availability, applying partial volume correction to the BPND values.ResultsNo significant difference was observed in BPND values between the first and second PET examinations in the frontal cortex (p = 0.94), parietal cortex (p = 0.67), temporal cortex (p = 0.20), hippocampus (p = 0.17), anterior lobe (p = 0.73), posterior lobe (p = 0.21), and vermis (p = 0.22).ConclusionThis study suggests that mGluR1 availability is unchanged in the follow‐up period of a few years during the early‐to‐middle stages of AD.
Discussing overweight in dogs during a regular consultation in general practice in the Netherlands
Authors: Aldewereld Celine M. , Monninkhof Evelyn M. , Kroese Floor M. , de Ridder Denise T. D. , Nielen Mirjam , Corbee Ronald J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn previous studies, it has been demonstrated that, similar to general practitioners, veterinarians find it difficult to discuss overweight in dogs. This study aimed to provide insight in the barriers and motivators for veterinarians to discuss overweight in dogs and to compare the results with findings from human medicine. Sub‐hypotheses were postulated based on existing literature to investigate if lack of time, fear of offending clients, or lack of skills were potential barriers, and if feeling responsible and feeling compassion were potential motivators for veterinarians to discuss overweight in dogs. To this end, an online survey (n = 59) was conducted. Furthermore, 15 small animal clinicians working in general practice were interviewed by semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews. Results from the online survey indicated that veterinarians find it sometimes difficult to discuss overweight in dogs. Veterinarians who responded to the online survey did not experience strong barriers but did make use of motivators (e.g. feeling responsible and feeling compassion) when discussing overweight in dogs. Interestingly, results from the semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews showed that the responding veterinarians did experience strong barriers, as well as motivators, when discussing overweight in dogs with their clients. The most prominent barrier was customer dissatisfaction, whereas lack of time and lack of skills were also experienced. The most prominent motivator was feeling responsible for animal health and preventive veterinary medicine. These findings were strikingly similar to previous research on discussing childhood overweight by general practitioners. To improve treatment and prevention of overweight in dogs, veterinarians need more communication skills and should be more aware of the motivators that drive their self‐motivation. Improving awareness on overweight and its comorbidities should be a One Health issue.
Pyrophosphate inhibits periodontal ligament stem cell differentiation and mineralization through MAPK signaling pathways
Authors: Liang Yongxi , Hu Zhiai , Li Qian , Liu Xiaohua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePeriodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are the primary cell source for the regeneration and remodeling of periodontal ligament (PDL). It is crucial to prevent PDLSCs from mineralization when using the PDLSCs for PDL regeneration. At present, little is known about how to inhibit PDLSC mineralization. This study investigates the effects of pyrophosphate (PPi) on inhibiting PDLSC osteogenic differentiation and mineralization as well as the underlying mechanism.Materials and MethodsHuman PDLSCs were cultured in an osteogenic differentiation medium with different PPi concentrations (0, 10, or 100 μM). The effects of PPi on osteogenic differentiation were assessed by ALP activity and the expressions of osteogenic related proteins (OPN, RUNX2, OSX, and DMP1). The mineralization formation was detected by alizarin red staining. The activation of MAPK signaling pathways (ERK1/2, JNK, and p38) was determined by western blotting and pathway blockade assays. The gene expressions of PPi's regulators (Ank, Enpp1, and Alpl) were assessed by real‐time PCR.ResultsBoth low and high concentrations (10 μM and 100 μM) of PPi inhibited the mineralization of PDLSCs. The addition of PPi (10 μM or 100 μM) decreased the ALP activity of the PDLSCs to approximately two‐thirds of the control group on day 3. PPi reduced the expressions of RUNX2, OSX, and DMP1 on days 7, 14, and 21, while it increased the expression of OPN at the three time points. PPi enhanced the phosphorylation of MAPK pathways, and the application of corresponding MAPK pathway inhibitors reversed the osteogenic inhibition effects of PPi.ConclusionPPi inhibits the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of PDLSCs in vitro through activating ERK1/2, JNK, and p38 signaling pathways.
Extensive human‐mediated jump dispersal within and across the native and introduced ranges of the invasive termite Reticulitermes flavipes
Authors: Eyer Pierre‐André , Blumenfeld Alexander J. , Johnson Laura N. L. , Perdereau Elfie , Shults Phillip , Wang Shichen , Dedeine Franck , Dupont Simon , Bagnères Anne‐Geneviève , Vargo Edward L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAs native ranges are often geographically structured, invasive species originating from a single source population only carry a fraction of the genetic diversity present in their native range. The invasion process is thus often associated with a drastic loss of genetic diversity resulting from a founder event. However, the fraction of diversity brought to the invasive range may vary under different invasion histories, increasing with the size of the propagule, the number of reintroduction events, and/or the total genetic diversity represented by the various source populations in a multiple‐introduction scenario. In this study, we generated a SNP data set for the invasive termite Reticulitermes flavipes from 23 native populations in the eastern United States and six introduced populations throughout the world. Using population genetic analyses and approximate Bayesian computation random forest, we investigated its worldwide invasion history. We found a complex invasion pathway with multiple events out of the native range and bridgehead introductions from the introduced population in France. Our data suggest that extensive long‐distance jump dispersal appears common in both the native and introduced ranges of this species, probably through human transportation. Overall, our results show that similar to multiple introduction events into the invasive range, admixture in the native range prior to invasion can potentially favour invasion success by increasing the genetic diversity that is later transferred to the introduced range.
Culturally safe dementia care: Building nursing capacity to care for First Nation Elders with memory loss
Authors: Hulko Wendy , Mahara Mary Star , Wilson Danielle , Campbell‐McArthur Gwen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundNursing staff require culturally relevant and dementia‐specific education to care for the increasing number of First Nation Elders experiencing memory loss. The culturally safe dementia care (CSDC) research team, composed of researchers, decision makers and Secwepemc Elders, was formed to address this.ObjectivesTo increase the capacity of nurses to care for First Nations Elders with memory loss in a culturally safe way.MethodsOur community‐based research used purposive sampling and mixed methods to create, implement and evaluate an education programme for nurses. Thirty‐four Elders from six Secwepemc communities participated in roundtables to share views and stories of dementia and nursing care. These data were used to create four teaching stories for the storytelling sessions and talking circles with Elders which, together with the Indigenous Cultural Competency (ICC) training, comprised the CSDC education programme. Thirty‐eight nurses (healthcare aides, licensed practical nurses and registered nurses) working in Central British Columbia began the CSDC study and 15 nurses took part in the education programme, evaluated the storytelling session and completed the three pre‐ and post‐measures (Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire (ADQ), ICC knowledge quiz and self‐assessment, and Care Plans). The pre‐ and post‐tests were scored, and the data were analysed statistically. The data from the roundtables and talking circles were analysed thematically through a collaborative process.ResultsThe scores for the ADQ Hope sub‐scale, the ICC knowledge quiz and the Care Plans increased from pre‐ to post‐test. All nurse participants judged the storytelling session to be effective and their learning outcomes reflected culturally safe dementia care.ConclusionsThis programme can improve the knowledge, skills and values of nurses to provide culturally safe dementia care.