bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change impacts on seabirds and marine mammals: The importance of study duration, thermal tolerance and generation time
Authors: Orgeret Florian , Thiebault Andréa , Kovacs Kit M. , Lydersen Christian , Hindell Mark A. , Thompson Sarah Ann , Sydeman William J. , Pistorius Pierre A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding climate change impacts on top predators is fundamental to marine biodiversity conservation, due to their increasingly threatened populations and their importance in marine ecosystems. We conducted a systematic review of the effects of climate change (prolonged, directional change) and climate variability on seabirds and marine mammals. We extracted data from 484 studies (4808 published studies were reviewed), comprising 2215 observations on demography, phenology, distribution, diet, behaviour, body condition and physiology. The likelihood of concluding that climate change had an impact increased with study duration. However, the temporal thresholds for the effects of climate change to be discernibly varied from 10 to 29 years depending on the species, the biological response and the oceanic study region. Species with narrow thermal ranges and relatively long generation times were more often reported to be affected by climate change. This provides an important framework for future assessments, with guidance on response‐ and region‐specific temporal dimensions that need to be considered when reporting effects of climate change. Finally, we found that tropical regions and non‐breeding life stages were poorly covered in the literature, a concern that should be addressed to enable a better understanding of the vulnerability of marine predators to climate change.
Long‐lasting effects of chronic exposure to chemical pollution on the hologenome of the Manila clam
Authors: Iannello Mariangela , Mezzelani Marica , Dalla Rovere Giulia , Smits Morgan , Patarnello Tomaso , Ciofi Claudio , Carraro Lisa , Boffo Luciano , Ferraresso Serena , Babbucci Massimiliano , Mazzariol Sandro , Centelleghe Cinzia , Cardazzo Barbara , Carrer Claudio , Varagnolo Maurizio , Nardi Alessandro , Pittura Lucia , Benedetti Maura , Fattorini Daniele , Regoli Francesco , Ghiselli Fabrizio , Gorbi Stefania , Bargelloni Luca , Milan Massimo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChronic exposure to pollutants affects natural populations, creating specific molecular and biochemical signatures. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that chronic exposure to pollutants might have substantial effects on the Manila clam hologenome long after removal from contaminated sites. To reach this goal, a highly integrative approach was implemented, combining transcriptome, genetic and microbiota analyses with the evaluation of biochemical and histological profiles of the edible Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, as it was transplanted for 6 months from the polluted area of Porto Marghera (PM) to the clean area of Chioggia (Venice lagoon, Italy). One month post‐transplantation, PM clams showed several modifications to its resident microbiota, including an overrepresentation of the opportunistic pathogen Arcobacter spp. This may be related to the upregulation of several immune genes in the PM clams, potentially representing a host response to the increased abundance of deleterious bacteria. Six months after transplantation, PM clams demonstrated a lower ability to respond to environmental/physiological stressors related to the summer season, and the hepatopancreas‐associated microbiota still showed different compositions among PM and CH clams. This study confirms that different stressors have predictable effects in clams at different biological levels and demonstrates that chronic exposure to pollutants leads to long‐lasting effects on the animal hologenome. In addition, no genetic differentiation between samples from the two areas was detected, confirming that PM and CH clams belong to a single population. Overall, the obtained responses were largely reversible and potentially related to phenotypic plasticity rather than genetic adaptation. The results here presented will be functional for the assessment of the environmental risk imposed by chemicals on an economically important bivalve species.
On–Off Relationship Instability and Distress Over Time in Same‐ and Different‐Sex Relationships
Authors: Monk J. Kale , Ogolsky Brian G. , Maniotes Christopher 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to test the association between on‐again/off‐again relationship cycling and mental health over time.BackgroundTemporary distress following relationship dissolution is normative, yet a prolonged history of terminating a relationship and then reconciling (i.e., on–off relationship cycling) may facilitate more pervasive symptomology.MethodWe used data from 545 individuals in same‐ and different‐sex relationships to assess the association between on–off cycling and symptoms of depression and anxiety across 15 months.ResultsRelationship cycling was associated with psychological distress and change in distress over time.ConclusionThis study supports existing theories of family change and highlights the importance of focusing on relationship transitions and well‐being over time.ImplicationsPractitioners can help partners navigate unpredictability during transitions by helping them make deliberate decisions either to stay and stabilize their relationships or permanently leave depending on the circumstances underlying relationship cycling and the level of distress associated with any lingering interpersonal turmoil.
Understanding bureaucratic support for coerced institutional change
Authors: Myksvoll Thomas , Tatham Michaël , Fimreite Anne Lise 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInstitutional reform processes can be contested. The more so by those working in the affected institutions. Bureaucracies, in particular, can be resistant to change. To better understand such processes, we study the regional reform in Norway. This reform is interesting as it mixes “voluntary” and “forced” dynamics. Indeed, Norwegian regions (fylkeskommuner) can remain unchanged, merge voluntarily, or be forced to merge by central government. This provides an opportunity to better understand support for coerced change. Through a survey of regional bureaucrats, we test different explanations of support for forced mergers. We find that two logics are at play. A “logic of discipline” which appeals to right‐wing bureaucrats, advocates larger units, and streamlined bureaucracies, even if this is against the wishes of the main actors involved. And an “identity logic” which recognizes that feelings of attachment are powerful shapers of preferences beyond what efficiency and functionality dictate.
Prospective associations between leukocyte telomere length and adiposity in childhood
Authors: Garfein Joshua , Flannagan Kerry S. J. , Mora‐Plazas Mercedes , Oliveros Henry , Marín Constanza , Villamor Eduardo 
Published: November 2021

SummaryLeukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with obesity and may be involved in its aetiology, but few studies have focused on children and most have been cross‐sectional. We assessed the relation of LTL with adiposity development in a prospective study of Colombian children. We quantified LTL at enrollment in 722 children aged 5–12 years and measured anthropometry annually for a median 6 years. Using mixed effects models, we estimated changes in adiposity measures including BMI and waist circumference (WC)‐for‐age z‐scores in relation to baseline LTL z‐score. In girls, longer LTL was linearly related to a lower increase in WC z‐score from age 6 to 16 years. Every 1 SD LTL was associated with an adjusted 0.13 units lower increase in WC (95% CI: −0.23, −0.03; p = 0.01). In conclusion, longer LTL among girls in middle childhood is associated with smaller increases in WC, an indicator of abdominal adiposity.
Which children are at risk of developing overactive bladder in early adulthood even if lower urinary tract symptoms improve during childhood?
Authors: Selvi Ismail , Basar Halil , Baydilli Numan , Kizilay Emrah , Demirci Deniz 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo evaluate more comprehensively the presence of an association between childhood lower urinary tract symptoms and development of adulthood overactive bladder, to determine the group at most risk of overactive bladder in adulthood, and to assess its effects on daily life.MethodsA total of 264 patients who were followed up for lower urinary tract symptoms in childhood between 2000 and 2005 were included in this retrospective, cohort study. After a median period of 20 years, these patients with a median current age of 29 (27–35) years were re‐evaluated and divided into two groups: those currently with overactive bladder (n = 102, 23.0%), and those without overactive bladder (n = 162, 36.5%). In addition, 180 age‐matched overactive bladder patients without a history of childhood lower urinary tract symptoms (n = 180, 40.5%) were included. The primary endpoint was to determine which children are at higher risk of adulthood overactive bladder. The secondary endpoint was to evaluate the effect of history of childhood lower urinary tract symptoms on quality of life in adulthood. The eight‐item Overactive Bladder questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Short‐Form 36‐item Health Survey were administered to all participants. Voiding Dysfunction Symptom Score was evaluated according to childhood medical records.ResultsOveractive bladder in adulthood was observed in 38.6% of patients recovering from childhood lower urinary tract symptoms. They had worse overactive bladder symptom scores and quality of life than those without childhood lower urinary tract symptoms (P < 0.001). Voiding Dysfunction Symptom Score ≥13 (odds ratio 2.54), daytime incontinence (odds ratio 2.01), holding maneuvers (odds ratio 1.82), nocturnal enuresis (odds ratio 1.75) in the pediatric period, and recovery age from all these symptoms of ≥12 years (odds ratio 1.95) were the most unfavorable determinants of development of adulthood overactive bladder.ConclusionsOur findings show that children with the above characteristics are at risk of developing overactive bladder later in their lives even if their symptoms improve in childhood.
Negative zero‐field‐cooled magnetization and magnetic switching in multiferroic Lu0.5Sc0.5FeO3 ceramics
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Yang Kai , Chen Changcai , Zheng Xianming , Yu Guang , Luo Xiaohua , Wang Lei , Ma Shengcan , Rehman Sajjad Ur , Zhong Zhenchen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, we have investigated the negative magnetization of Lu0.5Sc0.5FeO3 (LSFO) ceramics in the zero‐field‐cooled (ZFC) mode. The negative magnetization in ZFC measurement appears below the Neél temperature (TN) in LSFO, which is probably caused by the residual negative trapping field in superconducting magnet, and is closely related to the giant coercivity in LSFO. By fitting the high‐temperature paramagnetic data under nominal zero magnetic field, the negative trapping field in superconducting magnet is found to be −3.28 Oe. The giant coercivity is ascribed to the strong uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy in LSFO, which can cause the strong magnetic domain wall pinning effect to limit the nucleation of reversed domains under reverse field. In addition, a switchable magnetization switching is realized in LSFO. The magnetization of LSFO can stably switch between positive and negative values when the applied magnetic field was switched between 0.5 and 3 kOe, which suggests that the LSFO samples are suitable for potential applications in magnetic storage.
MET inhibition enhances PARP inhibitor efficacy in castration‐resistant prostate cancer by suppressing the ATM/ATR and PI3K/AKT pathways
Authors: Zhou Sihai , Dai Zhihong , Wang Liang , Gao Xiang , Yang Liqin , Wang Zhenwei , Wang Qi , Liu Zhiyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUp to 30% of patients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients carry altered DNA damage response genes, enabling the use of poly adenosine diphosphate–ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in advanced CRPC. The proto‐oncogene mesenchymal–epithelial transition (MET) is crucial in the migration, proliferation, and invasion of tumour cells. Aberrant expression of MET and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor is associated with drug resistance in cancer therapy. Here, we found that MET was highly expressed in human CRPC tissues and overexpressed in DU145 and PC3 cells in a drug concentration‐dependent manner and is closely related to sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Combining the PARP inhibitor olaparib with the MET inhibitor crizotinib synergistically inhibited CRPC cell growth both in vivo and in vitro. Further analysis of the underlying molecular mechanism underlying the MET suppression‐induced drug sensitivity revealed that olaparib and crizotinib could together downregulate the ATM/ATR signaling pathway, inducing apoptosis by inhibiting the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway, enhancing the olaparib‐induced antitumour effect in DU145 and PC3 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that MET inhibition enhances sensitivity of CRPC to PARP inhibitors by suppressing the ATM/ATR and PI3K/AKT pathways and provides a novel, targeted therapy regimen for CRPC.
Calcium dysregulation increases right ventricular outflow tract arrhythmogenesis in rabbit model of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Huang Shih‐Yu , Chen Yao‐Chang , Kao Yu‐Hsun , Lu Yen‐Yu , Lin Yung‐Kuo , Higa Satoshi , Chen Shih‐Ann , Chen Yi‐Jen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the risk of arrhythmia. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is a crucial site of ventricular tachycardia (VT) origination. We hypothesize that CKD increases RVOT arrhythmogenesis through its effects on calcium dysregulation. We analysed measurements obtained using conventional microelectrodes, patch clamp, confocal microscopy, western blotting, immunohistochemical examination and lipid peroxidation for both control and CKD (induced by 150 mg/kg neomycin and 500 mg/kg cefazolin daily) rabbit RVOT tissues or cardiomyocytes. The RVOT of CKD rabbits exhibited a short action potential duration, high incidence of tachypacing (20 Hz)‐induced sustained VT, and long duration of isoproterenol and tachypacing‐induced sustained and non‐sustained VT. Tachypacing‐induced sustained and non‐sustained VT in isoproterenol‐treated CKD RVOT tissues were attenuated by KB‐R7943 and partially inhibited by KN93 and H89. The CKD RVOT myocytes had high levels of phosphorylated CaMKII and PKA, and an increased expression of tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive neural density. The CKD RVOT myocytes exhibited large levels of Ito, IKr, NCX and L‐type calcium currents, calcium leak and malondialdehyde but low sodium current, SERCA2a activity and SR calcium content. The RVOT in CKD with oxidative stress and autonomic neuron hyperactivity exhibited calcium handling abnormalities, which contributed to the induction of VT.
Effect of combined periodontal and orthodontic treatment of tilted molars and of teeth with intra‐bony and furcation defects in stage‐IV periodontitis patients: A systematic review
Authors: Kloukos Dimitrios , Roccuzzo Andrea , Stähli Alexandra , Sculean Anton , Katsaros Christos , Salvi Giovanni E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo assess the effect of combined periodontal and orthodontic treatment (OT) in stage‐IV periodontitis patients.Materials and methodsThree focused questions were addressed using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study Design criteria. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), controlled clinical trials, follow‐up studies, case series, and controlled/uncontrolled before/after studies were assessed for inclusion. Primary outcomes included mean changes in pocket probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Qualitative synthesis of results was performed and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.ResultsOut of 916 records, 1 retrospective case series study reported the effect of OT of tilted molars, 2 RCTs and 10 prospective and 2 retrospective case series studies reported the effect of OT of treated intra‐bony defects and 0 articles reported the effect of OT of treated furcation defects. Mean PPD changes were reported in 14 articles, and mean CAL changes were reported in 8 articles. Risk of bias was high in both included RCTs, critical in nine articles, and serious in four articles. No articles included patient‐reported outcomes, and three articles reported harms/adverse effects.ConclusionsEvidence is limited by (i) the lack or low number of included studies, (ii) the apparent methodological and clinical heterogeneity, and (iii) the high risk of bias of the retrieved studies. No solid conclusions could be drawn concerning OT in stage‐IV periodontitis patients with respect to tilted molars, teeth with treated intra‐bony defects, and teeth with treated furcation defects.
Efficacy of rehabilitation with different approaches of implant‐supported full‐arch prosthetic designs: A systematic review
Authors: Ramanauskaite Ausra , Becker Kathrin , Wolfart Stefan , Lukman Fanya , Schwarz Frank 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the efficacy of different types of rehabilitation with fixed or removable full‐arch implant‐supported prosthesis designs in terms of implant loss and success in patients with at least one edentulous jaw, with tooth loss mainly due to periodontitis.Materials and methodsClinical studies with at least 12 months reporting on implant loss and implant success were searched. Meta‐analysis was conducted to estimate cumulative implant loss considering different prostheses designs.ResultsA total of 11 studies with unclear to low risk of bias were included in the analysis. Estimated cumulative implant loss for fixed prostheses within 1 year and 5 years was 0.64% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31%–1.31%) and 1.85% (95% CI: 0.85%–3.95%), respectively. The corresponding values for removable prostheses amounted to 0.71% (95% CI: 0.22%–2.28%) and 4.45% (95% CI: 2.48%–7.85%). Peri‐implantitis affected 10%–50% of the patients restored with implant‐supported fixed prostheses.ConclusionsBased on the limited low‐quality data, the present analysis points to a low and similar cumulative implant loss within 1 year for patients with tooth loss mainly due to stage IV periodontitis restored with either removable or fixed implant‐supported full‐arch prosthesis. At 5 years of functioning, there was a tendency for better outcomes using fixed designs.
Recurrence and progression of periodontitis and methods of management in long‐term care: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Leow Natalie M. , Moreno Federico , Marletta Debora , Hussain Syed Basit , Buti Jacopo , Almond Neil , Needleman Ian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimTo systematically review the literature to evaluate the recurrence of disease of people in long‐term supportive periodontal care (SPC), previously treated for periodontitis, and determine the effect of different methods of managing recurrence. The review focused on stage IV periodontitis.Materials and methodsAn electronic search was conducted (until May 2020) for prospective clinical trials. Tooth loss was the primary outcome.ResultsTwenty‐four publications were retrieved to address recurrence of disease in long‐term SPC. Eight studies were included in the meta‐analyses for tooth loss, and three studies for disease progression/recurrence (clinical attachment level [CAL] loss ≥2 mm). For patients in SPC of 5–20 years, prevalence of losing more than one tooth was 9.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 5%–14%), while experiencing more than one site of CAL loss ≥2 mm was 24.8% (95% CI 11%–38%). Six studies informed on the effect of different methods of managing recurrence, with no clear evidence of superiority between methods. No data was found specifically for stage IV periodontitis.ConclusionsA small proportion of patients with stage III/IV periodontitis will experience tooth loss in long‐term SPC (tendency for greater prevalence with time). Regular SPC appears to be important for reduction of tooth loss. No superior method to manage disease recurrence was found.
A Real‐time PCR assay for rapid identification of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from closely related species
Authors: Thomas Asha , Li Dongmei , Gunawardana Disna , Flynn Alan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is one of the most important agricultural pests in the world. Diagnosis of this species morphologically is difficult from the similar species H. assulta, H. punctigera and H. zea as the adults are identified based on genitalia morphology and larval identification is limited due to shared morphological characters. To provide an accurate diagnosis of New Zealand border interceptions, we have developed a real‐time PCR assay to identify H. armigera from commonly occurring exotic Helicoverpa species, H. assulta and H. zea. Preliminary studies, using the already available real‐time ITS2 primer–probe detecting H. armigera and H. zea tested on samples obtained from NZ border interceptions and from overseas showed cross reactions with low intensities among H. armigera, H. assulta and H. zea. This prompted PHEL to develop a new real‐time PCR assay to accurately identify H. armigera. The newly designed primer and probe were optimized, and the assay demonstrated its specificity to H. armigera with no false positives observed in the non‐target species tested in this study. The specificity of the assay was tested against 64 samples of Lepidoptera from 14 countries including 48 Helicoverpa samples. The sensitivity of the assay showed it can detect up to 1 copy/µl of the DNA fragment. Therefore, this assay can be used for rapid detection of H. armigera, which is imperative in quarantine application to determine the presence of exotic species regardless of its life stage.