bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sociosemiotic Approach to Structure and Composition of a Fragmentary Novel
Authors: Марьяновская Е. Л. 
Published: March 2021

В статье фрагментарный роман рассматривается с позиции социосемиотического подхода, позволяющего интерпретировать все компоненты художественного текста как знак, имеющий форму выражения и содержание. Автор статьи останавливается на голосе автора, представляющего собой лингвориторический феномен, и показывает особенности его формирования в двух фрагментарных романах — Шер-вуда Андерсона «Уайнсбург, штат Огайо» и Эрнеста Хемингуэя «В наше время», а именно в какой зависимости находится голос автора от цели и коммуникативного намерения писателя и каким образом он влияет не только на выбор лексики и синтаксических структур, но и на композиционную организацию повествования, определяя единство эффекта каждого отдельного рассказа-фрагмента в канве целого романа.
The article focuses on a fragmentary novel from the perspective of the sociosemiotic approach, which emphasizes that everything about a text is meaningful and, thus, can be interpreted as a sign having form and content. Among all the features of prose fiction the author’s voice is chosen and analyzed as a lingua-rhetoric phenomenon in two fragmentary novels: “Winesburg, Ohio” by Sherwood Anderson and “In Our Time” by Ernest Hemingway. The author’s voice is determined by the author’s purpose and communicative intention, and influences the choice of vocabulary and syntax as well as the composition of the narrative. Moreover, the article proves that the author’s voice viewed in terms of the sociosemiotic approach is responsible for the holistic effect of all the successive episodes in a fragmentary novel.
Le droit de sépulture dans les tombes monumentales en Asie Mineure romaine
Authors: Laforest Caroline , Castex Dominique 
Published: March 2021

La composition des groupes humains inhumés dans les chambres des monuments funéraires d’Asie Mineure pendant l’époque romaine est le plus souvent inconnue en raison des pillages. Les inscriptions indiquent que le droit à la sépulture est attribué par le propriétaire de la tombe ; toutefois, la longue durée d’occupation de ces monuments induit nécessairement des remaniements par rapport à cette organisation planifiée. La découverte exceptionnelle d’une chambre souterraine non pillée, construite à l’époque augustéenne dans la nécropole nord de Hiérapolis de Phrygie, permet d’étudier le recrutement sur le temps long. Plus de 290 individus ont été déposés dans cet espace d’environ 3 x 3 mètres sur un période couvrant sept siècles, avec un rachat de la tombe au IIIe siècle. L’analyse archéo-anthropologique révèle que la richesse du mobilier n’a pas constitué un critère d’accès à la tombe, où les objets personnels sont relativement rares. Les paramètres d’âge et de sexe ne montrent pas de sélection, si ce n’est une exclusion des plus jeunes individus (classe 0-1 an).In Roman Asia Minor, the composition of human groups buried in the chambers of funerary monuments is often unknown because of grave looting. Inscriptions indicate that the grave’s owner was the one to attribute the right of burial. However, the use of this kind of tomb on a long period necessarily involves reorganizations compared to planned arrangement. The exceptional discovery of a non-plundered subterranean chamber built during the Augustean period in the Northern necropolis of Hierapolis, in Phrygia, enables us to analyse the selection of the deceased over a long time. More than 290 individuals were buried in this space measuring approximately 3x3 m. over seven centuries, with the tomb being repurchased during the third century AD. The archeo-anthropological study reveals that the lavishness of the funerary goods was not a criteria to be buried in the tomb, where personal objects are quite scarce. The age and sex parameters do not support any selection, except an exclusion of the youngest individuals (0-1 year old).
Cenotafi ellenistici e romani in Asia Minore
Authors: Christof Eva 
Published: March 2021

Questo articolo parte dall’osservazione di Cecilia Ricci che distingue tra cenotafi di necessità (quando mancano corpo e tomba) e cenotafi di memoria (quando la tomba che contiene effettivamente il corpo è altrove) ed elenca i termini greci e latini che si riferiscono a tale realtà. Dall’attento esame della parola cenotafio nelle iscrizioni dell’Asia Minore e dallo studio della tomba M1 a Perge, chiamata anche tomba di Artemone, che occupa una posizione chiave in questo ambito, emerge che il termine cenotafio nelle iscrizioni va letto prendendo in considerazione che, in alcuni casi, qualcuno vi è stato sepolto negli anni successivi alla redazione dell’iscrizione senza che l’iscrizione sia mai stata aggiornata. Quattordici epigrammi greci contenenti la parola cenotafio e iscritti su altari e stele – in traduzione italiana – servono come fonte per capire chi erano i dedicanti e perché si sono impegnati. I monumenti descritti appaiono spesso molto simili a vere tombe, tanto che il confine con esse appare sfocato. Ma anche la statua di una persona defunta eretta in un santuario poteva essere chiamata cenotafio. Da questa prospettiva devono essere visti anche i cenotafi di due personaggi della famiglia imperiale romana: quello di età augustea di Caio Cesare a Limyra, e quella dell’imperatore Traiano in Cilicia, entrambi a forma di tempio/heroon posto nel mezzo delle rispettive città.
ERRATUM: The biological mechanism involved in anticancer properties of amniotic membrane
Authors: Jafari Ameneh , Niknejad Hassan , Rezaei-Tavirani Mostafa , Zali Hakimeh 
Published: March 2021

Due to an error, Dr. Caitlin D’Amico was mistakenly included as author in this article, published in 2020 in Oncology Reviews (DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2020.429 - PMCID: PMC7036708 - PMID: 32153725), and then retracted (DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2020.493 - PMCID: PMC7196932 - PMID: 32391127).
The correct authorship appears above.
Degenerating sequences of conformal classes and the conformal Steklov spectrum
Authors: Medvedev Vladimir 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLet
$\Sigma $
be a compact surface with boundary. For a given conformal class c on
$\Sigma $
the functional
$\sigma _k^*(\Sigma ,c)$
is defined as the supremum of the kth normalized Steklov eigenvalue over all metrics in c. We consider the behavior of this functional on the moduli space of conformal classes on
$\Sigma $
. A precise formula for the limit of
$\sigma _k^*(\Sigma ,c_n)$
when the sequence
$\{c_n\}$
degenerates is obtained. We apply this formula to the study of natural analogs of the Friedlander–Nadirashvili invariants of closed manifolds defined as
$\inf _{c}\sigma _k^*(\Sigma ,c)$
, where the infimum is taken over all conformal classes c on
$\Sigma $
. We show that these quantities are equal to
$2\pi k$
for any surface with boundary. As an application of our techniques we obtain new estimates on the kth normalized Steklov eigenvalue of a nonorientable surface in terms of its genus and the number of boundary components.
Health Related Quality of Life of Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic of a Tertiary Level Hospital
Authors: Deuja Anisha , Paudel Radha 
Published: March 2021

Background: Pregnancy is a normal process in the female life cycle. The complexity of the changes caused by pregnancy restricted to not only the physical problems, but also psychological and social problems and impact on health related quality of life (HRQOL). The objectives of the study were to assess the HRQOL and find out the associations of HRQOL with socio-demographic and obstetric factors of pregnant women.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used among 106 pregnant women. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used. Data were collected using semi-structured interview schedule that were analyzed by using descriptive statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and inferential statistics as chi-square test.
Findings: The study showed that respondent’s level of QoL was highest on psychological domain (96.2%) and the lowest level (14.2%) was found in Physical domain. There was significant association of physical domain in Quality of Life with the age (p=0.003) while type of family, parity, mode of delivery and duration of pregnancy were not associated with physical, psychological and social domain at 0.005 level of significance.
Conclusions: Based on the findings, this study concludes that the quality of life of pregnant women in general tends to be good. The physical domain is most affected rather than psychological and social domain. Level of QoL of the pregnant women in Physical domain is seems to be associated with age. Initiation of the especial counseling on the institution that address to physical domain must be to promote the quality of life in all domain of the pregnant women.
Keywords: Pregnant women; Health-related quality of life; Antenatal clinic
ASPEK HUKUM PERLINDUNGAN TENAGA KERJA WANITA SEKTOR UMKM DI KOTA MEDAN
Authors: Khalid Zuhriati , Pratitis Sugih Ayu 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRAKHukum sebagai alat control prilaku sosial masyarakat diciptakan guna memenuhi rasa keamanan,kenyaman,kesejahteraan dan keadilan dalam interaksi sosial sehari-hari dimasyarakat. Oleh karenanya sebuah strategi hukum diperlukan guna terciptanya perlindungan hukum secara universal. Perlindungan universal tersebut tertuang dalam berbagai aturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Akan tetapi dalam implemetasinya peraturan yang tertuang didalam berbagai bentuk perundang-undangan yang seyogyanya memberikan perlindungan hukum secara universal tersebut belum terlaksana seperti yang diharapkan,salah satunya tampak pada masih kurangnya perhatian terkait perlindungan terhadap pekerja wanita yang bekerja disektor UMKM khususnya di Kota Medan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah berbagai bentuk instrument hukum baik internasional maupun domestik yang mengatur tentang perlindungan hukum terhadap tenaga kerja wanita, dan melihat sejauh mana daya yang diperbuat oleh faksi terkait supaya efektifitas instrument-instrumen hukum tersebut benar-benar memberikan perlindungan secara universal khususnya bagi para tenaga kerja wanita yang sumber penghasilan nafkahnya berasal dari sektor UMKM di kota Medan. Metode kualitatif dalam penelitian ini digunakan dengan memakai konsep dasar hukum,esensial berbagai aturan perundang-undangan, dan dogma-dogma yang dapat menghasilkan solusi dalam penelitian ini.Hasil dari riset ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam implementasinya perlindungan hukum terhadap tenaga kerja wanita khususnya disektor UMKM di kota Medan masih jauh dari harapan, terlihat dari munculnya berbagai kasus ditengah-tengah masyarakat terkait dengan tenaga kerja wanita. Kendati demikian guna mengatasi hal tersebut sebenarnya Indonesia telah memiliki berbagai instrument hukum baik nasional maupun internasional yang tertuang didalam berbagai aturan perundang-undangan yang bahkan telah ada sejak kurun kerajaan hingga dengan sekarang. Guna terpenuhinya perlindungan hukum atas pekerja wanita sektor UMKM khususnya dikota Medan ini melibatkan banyak pihak terkait, seperti Pemerintah, Pengusaha/Asosiasi, NGO (NonGovernment Organisation) dan masyarakat. Adapun upaya yang dilakukan pihak-pihak tersebut pada intinya adalah dengan dilaksanakannya berbagai bentuk kebijakan dan program yang berkaitan dalam pengawasan dan pelaksanaan perlindungan tenaga kerja wanita khususnya di sektor UMKM.Kata Kunci : Perlindungan Hukum, Tenaga Kerja Wanita, UMKM
Fanā’ al-Nār Within Early Kalām and Mysticism
Authors: Demichelis Marco 
Published: March 2021

The annihilation of the fire (fanā’ al-nār), is an expression used by Ibn Taymiyya in Al-Radd ‘alā man Qāla bi-Fanā’ al-Janna wa-l-Nār. It acts as a rejoinder to those who maintain that the annihilation of the Garden and the Fire within Islamic theology is a fascinating theory that could quite easily be confused with the Christian Patristic apokatastasis or the falsafa cosmological hypothesis, which emerged in the works of al-Kindī (d. 873) and Fakhr ad-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 1209).
Jane I. Smith and Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad, in The Islamic Understanding of Death and Resurrection (New York: OUP, 2012), supported the argument that the nature of Heaven and Hell has been subjected to a range of interpretations stretching from the purely literal to the utterly allegorical. Hell is a place of just chastisement for sin, an everlasting location for sinning believers; whether or not any punishment there would be truly eternal, has been the subject of considerable dispute.
My objective in this article is not to focus on al-Ghazālī or Ibn al-Taymiyya, but on those scholars who, at an earlier stage, had elaborated a rational speculation on the fanā’ al-nār. At the same time, this article does not set out to provide a comparative analysis linked with the late Patristic authors or Manichean and Zoroastrian influences which, conversely, appear as possible theories. The main goal is to uncover the backgrounds of the authors in Islamic kalām and mysticism who, preceding the Ghazalian phase, were engaged in elaborating the annihilation of the fire. Al-Baghdādī (‘Abd al-Qāhir b. Ṭāhir, d. 1037) in Al-Farq bayna al-Firaq, argues that the Mu‘tazilite Abū al-Hudhayl al-‘Allāf (d. 850), probably influenced by Ḍirār ibn ‘Amr (d. unknown) and Jahm Ibn Safwān (d. 746), were the first to theorise on the finiteness of both Heaven and Hell. However, it is plausible that different early Muslim mystics from the same century also supported the annihilation of at least the latter. All options remain open to debate.
Hubungan Insentif Dan Supervisi Dengan Disiplin Kerja Perawat Di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Sultan Abdul Aziz Syah Peureulak Kabupaten Aceh Timur Tahun 2020
Authors: Khairurrozi Muhammad , Ardilla Arista 
Published: March 2021

Kepatuhan mengacu pada prilaku yang terjadi sebagai respons terhadap permintaan langsung dan berasal dari pihak lain.Permasalahan yang menyebabkan rendahnya disiplin kerja dikarenakan kurangnya pengawasan dari atasan kepada perawat pelaksana, serta kurangnya kejelasan pemberian insentif kepada perawat pelaksana. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan insentif dan supervise dengan disiplin kerja perawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Sultan Abdul Aziz Syah Peureulak Tahun 2020.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan total populasi yaitu dengan menjadikan semua populasi sebagai sampel sebanyak 85 orang.
Hasil penelitian ini dengan menggunakan uji statistic Chi-Square pada derajat kepercayaan 95% ( α= 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara variabel insentif (p = 0,000 ; >0,05), supervisi (p = 0,000>0,05) dengan disiplin kerja perawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Sultan Abdul Aziz Syah Peureulak Tahun 2020.
Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini ialah ada hubungan antara insentif dan supervisi dengan disiplin kerja perawat di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Sultan Abdul Aziz Syah Peureulak Tahun 2020.
Rolandic Epilepsy: Self-Limited Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes
Authors: Guliyeva Ulviyya , Nino Tatishvili Nana , Kaiyrzhanov Rauan 
Published: March 2021

Childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, had been previously considered as benign childhood epilepsy. According to the new classification proposed by Sheffer I. and colleagues the term “benign” has been changed to “self-limited”. Many studies reported that BECTS may cause transient or long lasting cognitive and behavioral disturbances. Rolandic epilepsy is the most frequent among the childhood focal epilepsy and may account for about 15–25% of all epileptic syndromes diagnosed between the ages of 5 to 15 years. The incidence range changes between 7.1–21 per 100000 in population younger than 15 years with male predominance. The age of onset in 90% of cases between 1 and 10 years with peak around 6–7 years. Seizures mainly occur during a night sleep, whereas the probability of awake seizures are less than 10%. The characteristic clinical features are: (1) focal motor seizure with unilateral orofacial tonic or clonic contractions; (2) speech arrest; (3) hypersalivation; (4) sensory symptoms represented by unilateral numbness or paresthesia of tongue, lips, gum and inner part of the check; (5) unilateral clonic jerk in leg and arm with postictal paresis; (6) generalized seizures. The EEG picture is distinctive in Rolandic epilepsy. The background activity is almost always preserved in awake state and during a sleep. The typical interictal EEG pattern is high voltage, diphasic spikes or sharp waves frequently with slow activity on central-midtemporal region. The centrotemporal spikes or rolandic spikes come from the lower rolandic region created a horizontal dipole with maximal electronegativity in the centrotemporal region and electropositivity in the frontal region usually seen unilateral or bilateral. In most cases children with RE have a good prognosis regarding both seizures and neurodevelopment. The remission of seizures usually occurs before the age of 18 years. The cognitive and behavior problem may happen in active period of disease which are reversable in most of patients.
Pathophysiologic Approach to Type 2 Diabetes Management: One Centre Experience 1980–2020
Authors: Chlup Rudolf , Kaňa Richard , Hanáčková Lada , Zálešáková Hana , Doubravová Blanka 
Published: March 2021

This overview summarizes the evolution of pathophysiologic treatment of diabetes type 2 (T2D) in the period of the last 40 years. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) and Real World Evidence (RWE) studies resulted in recent Statements of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) in the year 2020. Case reports and studies of a single-centre in Czech Republic are reported. The authors demonstrate the impact of (1) multiple doses of rapid insulin, (2) multiple doses of rapid or ultrarapid insulin analogs (3) continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) (4) incretin receptor agonists, (5) fixed combination of insulin degludec with liraglutide (IDegLira) and (6) SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin, on plasma glucose concentration, HbA1c, body mass and patient satisfaction. The importance of therapeutic patients’ education and technology (personal glucometers, continuous/flash glucose monitors, insulin pens/pumps) is emphasized. Most of the observations were already published. Hence, individually adopted education, lifstyle, technical equipment, incretin receptor agonists and/or metformin and/or gliflozins and/or insulin analogs appear to be the core of an effective pathophysiologic approach. Scientific conclusions from RCTs, RWE trials and own clinical case reports may prevail over clinical inertia and induce early implementation of effective methods into routine T2D treatment.
Slaughtering a cow in early childhood education: Pedagogic meetings with destruction as change
Authors: Aslanian Teresa K. , Moxnes Anna 
Published: March 2021

This article explores the concept of change in education through an examination of the entangled processes of destruction and creation made visible during a Norwegian kindergarten’s tradition of participating in a cow-slaughter in its local community. The article offers a methodological exploration, activating the theoretical perspectives of relational ontology, plasticity and critical animal studies. We present the event as a narrative and analyze it through these three perspectives, with special attention paid to unintentional change and change as an ontological concept. The discussion illuminates how children grasped destruction as change through creativity and play, and how ethical complexities are entangled with education, animal-based food production, traditions, play, and research.
Characteristics and limitations of a secondary dose check software for VMAT plan calculation
Authors: Shepard Andrew J. , Frigo Sean P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTo assess the implementation, accuracy, and validity of the dosimetric leaf gap correction (DLGC) in Mobius3D VMAT plan calculations.MethodsThe optimal Mobius3D DLGC was determined for both a TrueBeam with a Millennium multi‐leaf collimator and a TrueBeamSTx with a high‐definition multi‐leaf collimator. By analyzing a broad series of seven VMAT plans and comparing the calculated to the measured dose delivered to a cylindrical phantom, optimal DLGC values were determined by minimizing the dose difference for both the collection of all plans, as well as for each plan individually. The effects of plan removal from the optimization of the collective DLGC value, as well as plan‐specific DLGC values, were explored to determine the impact of plan suite design on the final DLGC determination.ResultsOptimal collective DLGC values across all energies were between −0.71 and 0.89 mm for the TrueBeam, and between 0.35 and 1.85 mm for the TrueBeamSTx. The dose differences ranged between −6.1% and 2.6% across all plans when the optimal collective DLGC values were used. On a per‐plan basis, the plan‐specific optimal DLGC values ranged from −4.36 to 2.35 mm for the TrueBeam, and between −1.83 and 2.62 mm for the TrueBeamSTx. Comparing the plan‐specific optimal DLGC to the average absolute leaf position from the central axis for each plan, a negative correlation was observed.ConclusionsThe optimal DLGC determination depends on the plans investigated, making it essential for users to utilize a suite of test plans that encompasses the full range of expected clinical plans when determining the optimal DLGC value. Validation of the secondary dose calculation should always be based on measurements, and not a comparison with the primary TPS. Varying disagreement with measurements across plans for a single DLGC value indicates potential limitations in the Mobius3D MLC model.
On the origins of food loss
Authors: Delgado Luciana , Schuster Monica , Torero Maximo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we try to understand what the main causes of food losses (FLs) are. Our results show that producers' education and experience and the number of years in which a producer has been involved in the production of a specific crop are significantly correlated with reduction in FL. Unfavorable climatic conditions, pests, and diseases, as well as limited knowledge and access to equipment, credit, and markets, are also challenges to increasing production of higher quality and therefore reasons for FL. Policies to reduce and prevent FL need to be targeted to specific commodities and contexts.JEL CLASSIFICATIONQ13; Q18; Q58
Food safety: A policy history and introduction to avenues for economic research
Authors: Hoffmann Sandra , Ashton Lydia , Ahn Jae‐Wan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFoodborne illness ranks seventh globally among major health hazards, falling between air pollution and tuberculosis. Yet food safety is relatively understudied by economists. This paper provides an introduction to food safety for economists new to the subject. It presents an overview of the problem, the history of major policy reforms, and the structure of food safety governance in the United States and internationally. It identifies potential opportunities for economists in interdisciplinary food safety research and presents one example of this kind of collaboration, namely research focused on identifying the food sources of US Campylobacter infections.JEL CLASSIFICATIONI1; Q17; Q18