bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of 17th century papers from Valvasor's collection of the Zagreb Archdiocese
Authors: Dragojević Andreja , Gregor-Svetec Diana , Tomažič Jedert Vodopivec , Lozo Branka 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Valvasor's library is a unique example of a 17th-century personal library, which includes over 7,300 prints and 1530 books. Today, it is part of the Metropolitan Library of the Archdiocese of Zagreb, kept in the Croatian State Archives. In this study, 17th-century papers from Valvasor's collection (VC) of unknown origin and composition were analysed. To determine the compositions of those papers, a dual approach was used, combining the results of analyses of two sets of samples. For the first set of samples, composed of 144 papers from VC, which are cultural heritage materials, only non-destructive analyses of paper properties were performed. Surface imaging, measurements of thickness, and determinations of optical properties (brightness, yellowness, opacity, and gloss) were carried out. According to the optical properties, papers from VC could be characterized as yellowish and opaque, without gloss. The second set of samples was composed of 10 historical paper (HP) samples collected from archival materials dating from the 16th to 19th centuries; non-destructive analyses of the paper composition were also performed. Initially, spot tests were performed to determine water absorbency and to identify the presence of lignin and starch in the paper samples. SEM-EDS and XRF were applied for the identification of inorganic elements. FTIR analyses were used to identify the chemical structures of the paper components. Microscopic analyses were performed in two ways: the paper surface was imaged with a digital microscope, and the morphological characteristics of the fibres were studied using an optical microscope. The dominant fibres present were flax and hemp, with a smaller proportion of cotton. Additionally, thick and thin light brown fibres resembling straw were detected. The presence of calcium-containing components, gelatine and alum could be confirmed with SEM-EDS, XFR and FTIR analysis. Comparing the results of analyses performed on two sets of samples enabled us to predict the composition of 17th-century papers from VC.
Intraoperative [18F]FDG&nbsp; flexible autoradiography for tumour margin assessment in breast-conserving surgery – a first-in-human multicentre feasibility study
Authors: Jurrius Patriek A.G.T. , Grootendorst Maarten R , Krotewicz Marika , Cariati Massimiliano , Kothari Ashutosh , Patani Neill , Karcz Paulina Patrycja , Nagadowska Monika , Vyas Kunal N , Purushotham Arnie , Turska-d'Amico Maria 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Introduction In women undergoing breast-conserving surgery (BCS) 20-25% require a re-operation as a result of incomplete tumour resection. An intra-operative technique to assess tumour margins accurately would be a major advantage. A novel method for intraoperative margin assessment was developed by applying a thin flexible scintillating film to specimens - flexible autoradiography (FAR) imaging. A single arm, multi-centre study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of intraoperative [18F]FDG FAR for the assessment of tumour margins in BCS.Methods Eighty-eight patients with invasive breast cancer undergoing BCS received ≤300 MBq of [18F]FDG 60-180 minutes pre-operatively. Following surgical excision, intraoperative FAR imaging was performed using the LightPath® Imaging System. The first 16 patients were familiarisation patients, the remaining 72 patients were entered into the main study. FAR images were analysed post-operatively by three independent readers. Areas of increased signal intensity were marked, mean normalised radiances and tumour-to-tissue background (TBR) determined, agreement between histopathological margin status and FAR assessed and radiation dose to operating theatre staff measured. Subgroup analyses were performed for various covariates, with thresholds set based on ROC curves.Results Data analysis was performed on 66 patients. Intraoperative margin assessment using FAR was completed on 385 margins with 46.2% sensitivity, 81.7% specificity, 8.1% PPV, 97.7% NPV and an overall accuracy of 80.5%, detecting both invasive carcinoma and DCIS. A subgroup analysis based on [18F]FDG activity present at time of imaging revealed an increased sensitivity (71.4%), PPV (9.3%) and NPV (98.4%) in the high-activity cohort with mean tumour radiance and TBR of 126.7 ± 45.7 photons/s/cm2/sr/MBq and 2.1 ± 0.5, respectively. Staff radiation exposure was low (38.2 ± 38.1 µSv). Conclusion [18F]FDG FAR is a feasible and safe technique for intraoperative tumour margin assessment. Further improvements in diagnostic performance require optimising the method for scintillator positioning and/or the use of targeted radiopharmaceuticals.
Retracted: A review on biodesalination using halophytic microalgae: opportunities and challenges
Authors: Maru Muluwork , Sahle-Demissie Endalkachew , Zewge Feleke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAQUA: Water Infratructure, Ecosystems and Society issues a formal retraction in relation to the above article by Muluwork Maru, et al. The publisher issues this retraction due to concerns over the originality of the authors’ work.
Stormwater quality assessment and management for the town of Jasper in Alberta, Canada
Authors: Sofijanic Ana , Hulley Michael , Loock Daniela , Filion Yves 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Stormwater pollutants can have deleterious impacts on the aquatic life of receiving water bodies. This paper presents the findings of a stormwater quality monitoring program performed in the town of Jasper in Alberta, Canada. This is one of the very few studies done on a small urban settlement to identify key pollutants of concern, characterize stormwater and identify unique pollutant sources in the town. A total of 14 stormwater quality parameters were found to be of high concern to aquatic life. The most prominent pollutants were total suspended solids (TSS), metals and phosphorus which compared well with studies conducted in large urban settlements. Tourist influx contributed to high metal and petroleum hydrocarbon loads during the peak season due to high vehicular activity. Elk were found to reside in the town during summer and their fecal droppings resulted in elevated fecal coliform concentrations. It was found that winter road salting was responsible for excessive chloride concentrations observed during the spring melt. TSS concentrations were statistically correlated with various metals as well as phosphorus using Spearman's rank correlation. It was found that the current street sweeping schedule in the town coincided with lower TSS and metal loads in stormwater.
Parameter optimization and uncertainty assessment for rainfall frequency modeling using an adaptive Metropolis–Hastings algorithm
Authors: Liu Xingpo , Xia Chengfei , Tang Yifan , Tu Jiayang , Wang Huimin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A new parameter optimization and uncertainty assessment procedure using the Bayesian inference with an adaptive Metropolis–Hastings (AM-H) algorithm is presented for extreme rainfall frequency modeling. An efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler is adopted to explore the posterior distribution of parameters and calculate their uncertainty intervals associated with the magnitude of estimated rainfall depth quantiles. Also, the efficiency of AM-H and conventional maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) in parameter estimation and uncertainty quantification are compared. And the procedure was implemented and discussed for the case of Chaohu city, China. Results of our work reveal that: (i) the adaptive Bayesian method, especially for return level associated to large return period, shows better estimated effect when compared with MLE; it should be noted that the implementation of MLE often produces overy optimistic results in the case of Chaohu city; (ii) AM-H algorithm is more reliable than MLE in terms of uncertainty quantification, and yields relatively narrow credible intervals for the quantile estimates to be instrumental in risk assessment of urban storm drainage planning.
Wokół ewolucji i kreacji - wstępna analiza ankiet nauczycieli i studentów
Authors: Tomczyk Jacek , Bugajak Grzegorz 
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the results of the research which was carried out as part of the project: Current controversies about human origins. Between anthropology and the Bible. This project focuses on the supposed conflict between natural sciences and some branches of the humanities (notably philosophy and theology) with regard to the origin of man. The research was aimed at finding out whether such a conflict really exits. For one thing, we cannot exclude the possibility that these would-be controversies have no factual ground and that their significance is inflated by American popular literature. If, on the other hand, we assume that the conflict is real, it should be worthwhile examining its sources. Such an approach may prove helpful in systematising the highly emotional debates about the origin of man. One of the ways of tackling the issue was the questionnaire which was distributed among students, teachers and university professors. Our respondents represented three disciplines: theology, philosophy and the natural sciences, the paper will present selected results of the questionnaire which was addressed to a group of school teachers, whereas the responses of the students are given less attention in order to emphasise the teachers’ point of view, the teachers of religion and the natural sciences (biology, chemistry and physics) and the students of theology, philosophy and the natural sciences (specialising in biology and environment protection) were asked to fill in the form consisting of eleven questions, these questions concerned the following issues: the existence of the conflict between evolutionism and creationism, the definitions of creation and evolution, the existence of the spiritual element in man, ways of interpreting the Bible (esp. the first chapters of the Book of Genesis). Out of 1000 questionnaires sent out, we received 449, which should be considered a satisfactory number, given the fact that it was the first time this type of research was carried out in Poland.
Hepatotoxic Effect of Lafoensia pacari A. St. Hil. (Lythraceae) on a Diet-Induced Obese Mice Model
Authors: Ribeiro Natália Gonçalves , dos Santos Fabio Ribeiro , Oliveira Janaína Ribeiro , Machado Amanda Souto , de Faria Lelis Deborah , de Paula Alfredo Maurício Batista , Guimaráes André Luis Sena , Farias Lucyana Conceiçáo , Santos Sérgio Henrique Sousa 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Brazilian flora is rich in plants with medicinal properties, which though
popular, has contributed to the development of a range of phytotherapic products that use plants to
treat and cure diseases. However, studies that use Brazilian plants in the treatment of metabolic disorders
are still scarce in the literature.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of hepatotoxicity Lafoensia pacari on
the metabolism of mice with obesity induced by a high-fat diet and to verify the phytochemical difference
between the Lafoensia pacari bark of the trunk, leaves, and branches.

Methods:
The plant material was collected from April to May in the municipality of Bonito de Minas,
MG, Brazil. Qualitative tests for the presence of secondary metabolite classes were performed
for leaves, branches and bark of the trunk. Through histological analysis, we evaluated hepatocytes
and cell lesions in the liver.

Results:
The comparative phytochemical analysis of the plant did not reveal alterations between
the different plant parts. The phytochemical test showed that is preferable to use the leaves to make
the extract to be applied, aiming to reduce the plant aggression. After treatment, greater changes
were observed in the animals that received the high-fat diet and the hydroethanolic extract; the levels
of AST, ALT, albumin and creatinine that were increased, thus demonstrating a possible toxicity.
There were no significant differences in body weight. In the histological analysis, the animals
without plant treatment displayed decreased liver weight and reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate.

Conclusion:
We conclude that Lafoensia pacari should be better evaluated for oral consumption
and may cause liver damage.
Abstinence from Chronic Methylphenidate Exposure Modifies Cannabinoid
Receptor 1 Levels in the Brain in a Dose-dependent Manner
Authors: Connor Carly , Hamilton John , Robison Lisa , Hadjiargyrou Michael , Komatsu David , Thanos Panayotis 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
Methylphenidate (MP) is a widely used psychostimulant prescribed for Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder and is also used illicitly by healthy individuals. Chronic exposure to MP has been
shown to affect physiology, behavior measures, and neurochemistry.

Methods:
The present study examined its effect on the endocannabinoid system. Adolescent rats had daily oral
access to either water (control), low dose MP (4/10 mg/kg), or high dose MP (30/60 mg/kg). After 13 weeks of
exposure, half of the rats in each group were euthanized, with the remaining rats underwent a four-week- long
abstinence period. Cannabinoid receptor 1 binding (CB1) was measured with in vitro autoradiography using
[3H] SR141716A.

Results:
Rats who underwent a 4-week abstinence period after exposure to chronic HD MP showed increased
CB1 binding in several cortical and basal ganglia regions of the brain compared to rats with no abstinence period.
In contrast to this, rats who underwent a 4-week abstinence period after exposure to chronic LD MP
showed lower CB1 binding mainly in the basal ganglia regions and the hindlimb region of the somatosensory
cortex compared to rats with no abstinence period. Following 4 weeks of drug abstinence, rats who were previously
given HD MP showed higher [3H] SR141716A binding in many of the cortical and basal ganglia regions
examined than rats given LD MP. These results highlight the biphasic effects of MP treatment on cannabinoid
receptor levels. Abstinence from HD MP seemed to increase CB1 receptor levels, while abstinence from LD
MP seemed to decrease CB1 levels.

Conclusion:
Given the prolific expression of cannabinoid receptors throughout the brain, many types of behaviors
may be affected as a result of MP abstinence. Further research will be needed to help identify these behavioral
changes.
Diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Multiclass MRI Scans using
Transfer Learning Techniques
Authors: Prakash Deekshitha , Madusanka Nuwan , Bhattacharjee Subrata , Kim Cho-Hee , Park Hyeon-Gyun , Choi Heung-Kook 
Published: January 2021

Aims:
To prevent Alzheimer’s disease (AD) from progressing to dementia, early prediction
and classification of AD are important and they play a crucial role in medical image analysis.

Background:
In this study, we employed a transfer learning technique to classify magnetic resonance
(MR) images using a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN).

Objective:
To address the early diagnosis of AD, we employed a computer-assisted technique, specifically
the deep learning (DL) model, to detect AD.

Methods:
In particular, we classified Alzheimer’s disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI),
and normal control (NC) subjects using whole slide two-dimensional (2D) images. To illustrate
this approach, we made use of state-of-the-art CNN base models, i.e., the residual networks Res-
Net-101, ResNet-50, and ResNet-18, and compared their effectiveness in identifying AD. To evaluate
this approach, an AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset was utilized. We also showed
uniqueness by using MR images selected only from the central slice containing left and right hippocampus
regions to evaluate the models.

Results:
All three models used randomly split data in the ratio of 70:30 for training and testing.
Among the three, ResNet-101 showed 98.37% accuracy, better than the other two ResNet models,
and performed well in multiclass classification. The promising results emphasize the benefit of using
transfer learning, specifically when the dataset is low.

Conclusion:
From this study, we know that transfer learning helps to overcome DL problems mainly
when the data available is insufficient to train a model from scratch. This approach is highly advantageous
in medical image analysis to diagnose diseases like AD.
Patents Related to Pathogenic Human Coronaviruses
Authors: dos Santos Michelli , Ferreira André V.F. , da Silva Jonatas O. , Nogueira Laís M. , Machado Juliana M. , Francisco Mariana F.C. , da Paz Mariana C. , Giunchetti Rodolfo C. , Galdino Alexsandro S. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Coronaviruses have caused outbreaks of respiratory disease
since the beginning of the 21st century, representing a significant threat to public health.
Together, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the respiratory
syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and, more recently, the novel coronavirus
(SARS-CoV-2) have caused a large number of deaths around the world. Thus, investments
in research and the development of strategies aimed at diagnosing, treating, and
preventing these infections are urgently needed.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to analyze the patents that address pathogenic
coronaviruses in Google Patents databases in the last year (2019-2020).

Method :
The search strategy was carried out in April 2020, based on the keywords
“SARS”, “SARS-CoV”, “MERS”, “MERS-CoV”, “SARS-CoV-2” and “COVID-19. Out
of the patents examined, 25 were selected for a short description in this study.

Results:
A total of 191 patents were analyzed, 149 of which were related to SARS-CoV,
and 29 and 12 were related to MERS-CoV and SARS- CoV2, respectively. The patents
addressed the issues of diagnosis, therapeutic agents, prevention and control, along with
other applications.

Conclusion:
Several promising strategies have been documented in intellectual property
databases favoring the need for further studies on the pathogenesis and optimization of
the diagnosis and therapeutic treatment for these emerging infections.
Nutritional Intervention in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Fibromyalgia (CFS/FMS) A Unique Porcine Serum Polypeptide Nutritional Supplement
Authors: Teitelbaum Jacob , Morello Gaetano , Goudie Sarah 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Clinical experience suggested that a unique porcine serum polypeptide extract, used in hospitals for people with severe malnutrition, serendipitously resulted in a dramatic improvement in many fibromyalgia cases.

Aims:
The study aims to determine the effectiveness of a unique polypeptide serum extract in improving the symptoms of CFS and fibromyalgia (CFS/FMS).

Methods:
An open-label prospective study of 43 people with CFS or Fibromyalgia recruited worldwide.

Interventions:
Four 500 mg tablets twice daily for five weeks.

Outcome Measures:
Assessed baseline at five weeks of treatment using a VAS(1-10 points) rating energy, sleep, cognitive function, pain, overall well-being, anxiety, and digestive health, as well as the FIQR. The primary outcome measure was the pre- and post-treatment VAS composite score for the first five symptoms.

Results:
43 subjects completed the three-week treatment trial. 60.5% of subjects rated themselves as improved, with 18.6% rating themselves as much better.
In the 60.5% of subjects that rated themselves as improved, the significant average improvement was seen in all categories:
1. 69.4% increase in energy(p<.001)
2. 69.2% increase in overall well-being(<.001)
3. 53.8% improvement in sleep(<.001)
4. 60.5% improvement in mental clarity(<.001)
5. 37.9% decrease in pain(<.013)
6. 34.8% decrease in anxiety(<.001)
7. 54.6% improvement in digestive symptoms(<.001)
8. FIQR 59.2 to 39.3(<.001)
In six individuals who also had pre- and post IgG antibody levels, total IgG increased by 13.8% on average, with similar improvements seen in the IgG 1-4 subsets.

Conclusion:
Recovery Factors® resulted in markedly improved energy, sleep, cognition, pain relief, calming, digestion and overall well-being in those with CFS/FMS.

Clinical Trial Registration Number: NCT04381793.
Improving Mood Through Community Connection and Resources Using an Interactive Digital Platform: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Ortiz Robin , Southwick Lauren , Schneider Rachelle , Klinger Elissa V , Pelullo Arthur , Guntuku Sharath Chandra , Merchant Raina M , Agarwal Anish K 
Published: January 2021

Background
COVID-19 continues to disrupt global health and well-being. In April-May 2020, we generated a digital, remote interactive tool to provide health and well-being resources and foster connectivity among community members through a text messaging platform.

Objective
This study aimed to prospectively investigate the ability of a health system–based digital, remote, interactive tool to provide health and well-being resources to local community participants and to foster connectivity among them during the early phases of COVID-19.

Methods
We performed descriptive and nonparametric longitudinal statistical analyses to describe and compare the participants’ mood ratings over time and thematic analysis of their responses to text messages to further assess mood.

Results
From among 393 individuals seeking care in an urban emergency department in an academic setting, engaged in a two-way text messaging platform, we recorded 287 mood ratings and 368 qualitative responses. We observed no difference in the initial mood rating by week of enrollment [Kruskal-Wallis chi-square H(5)=1.34; P=.93], and the average mood rating did not change for participants taken together [Friedman chi-square Q(3)=0.32; P=.96]. However, of participants providing mood ratings at baseline, mood improved significantly among participants who reported a low mood rating at baseline [n=25, 14.97%; Q(3)=20.68; P<.001] but remained stable among those who reported a high mood rating at baseline [n=142, 85.03%; Q(3)=2.84; P=.42]. Positive mood elaborations most frequently included words related to sentiments of thankfulness and gratitude, mostly for a sense of connection and communication; in contrast, negative mood elaborations most frequently included words related to anxiety.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest the feasibility of engaging individuals in a digital community with an emergency department facilitation. Specifically, for those who opt to engage in a text messaging platform during COVID-19, it is feasible to assess and respond to mood-related queries with vetted health and well-being resources.
Glycerol Reduces Cross Hybridization on Nitrocellulose Membrane
Authors: Hendarta Narendra Yoga , Aman Abu Tholib , Kusumawati Asmarani , Wibawa Tri 
Published: January 2021

Lateral flow assay (LFD) based nucleic acid lateral flow (NALF) method has been developed recently. The method met point of care testing (POCT) as simple and rapid procedures, less equipment, and can be performance by less skilled technician. NALF based on nucleic acid hybridizationis more economical then immunochromatography assay which use antibody-antigen recognition. Cross hybridization has issued while used to differentiate organism with high GC content and high homology as high similarity genome. Some techniques has applied to give high stringency condition avoid cross hybridization reaction but need more procedure to apply. We found glycerol applied to buffer assay could reduce cross hybridization on nitrocellulose membrane. The study used 2 kinds of high stringency buffer as PBS and SSC bases and high concentration of ssDNA amplicon as sample. Without glycerol ingredient gave cross hybridization signal on test line. But used glycerol could reduce those even omitted with PBS based buffer assay. Beside those, glycerol could significantly increased hybridization signal in SSC based buffer assay (p<0.05).