bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficient simulation of wind fields based on the factorization of wavenumber‐frequency joint spectrum
Authors: Yang Xiongjun , Lei Ying 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique is usually adopted in the wind field simulation based on the wavenumber‐frequency joint spectrum. However, inefficient multi‐dimensional FFT in both frequency and wavenumber domains are directly implemented in the existing literature. In this paper, a novel factorization method of wavenumber‐frequency joint spectrum is proposed to enhance efficiency. For the one‐spatial dimension wind field, the wavenumber‐frequency joint spectrum is decoupled by employing the proper orthogonal decomposition technology, and it is proposed to factorize the double‐index random phase angle into two independent random phase angles. Then, the previous 2D FFT can be replaced by 1D FFT. Furthermore, the proposed factorization method is extended to the two‐spatial dimension wind field, considering two wavenumbers and triple‐index random phase angle are introduced, the wavenumber‐frequency spectrum and triple‐index random phase angle are decomposed twice in succession. Thus, the undesired 3D FFT can be avoided. Simulations of a one‐spatial dimension and a two‐spatial dimension wind fields are used to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method by comparing it with the existing method involved in multi‐dimensional FFT.
Factors predicting coping in older people with dementia: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Leecharoen Phanit , Pothiban Linchong , Chintanawat Rojanee , Khampolsiri Totsaporn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoping can buffer the effect of stress on well‐being. Information about factors predicting coping is essential knowledge for developing programs to promote effective coping among older people with dementia and serves as basic knowledge for further study. A cross‐sectional study design was employed to investigate the associated and predictive factors of coping. The factors were derived from the Stress Process Model for people with dementia. A group of 364 participants was determined by power analysis and purposively selected from out‐patient dementia clinics of hospitals in Thailand. Data were collected from interviews using questionnaires and were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and the enter method of multiple regression analysis. With reference to the conceptual framework of the Stress Process Model, the results revealed that three background and context factors (gender, personal income, and relationships with family members), two stressor factors (cognitive ability, and self‐esteem), and four mediator factors (optimism, hope, hardiness, and perceived social support) were significantly related to coping. Of the variation in coping scores, 47% could be explained by hope, perceived social support, cognitive ability, and gender.
Genome‐wide association analysis of agronomical and physiological traits linked to drought tolerance in a diverse potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) panel
Authors: Tagliotti Martin Enrique , Deperi Sofia Irene , Bedogni Maria Cecilia , Huarte Marcelo Atilio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPotatoes is often considered a drought‐sensitive crop and its sustainable production is threatened due to frequent drought episodes. Drought tolerance is a complex trait of increasing importance in potatoes therefore its yield is threatened. The differential response of several physiological and agronomical traits was evaluated in a diverse potatoes panel under contrasting water regimes to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with drought tolerance using genome‐wide association analysis with 4859 high‐quality SNP markers. Phenotypic data were collected from multiple environments and years. QTL with diverse linkage disequilibrium blocks for proline concentration, water consumption and yield were detected on chromosomes 1, 4 and 10. These QTL detected were associated with known gene functions. The current study provides insights into the putative genes that controlled the responses to the drought tolerance in potatoes at physiological and agronomical levels. The QTL described in this work might be included in future marker‐assisted selection programmes linked with drought tolerance in potatoes.
Changing light promotes isoflavone biosynthesis in soybean pods and enhances their resistance to mildew infection
Authors: Li Xiaoman , Yang Caiqiong , Chen Jianhua , He Yuanyuan , Deng Juncai , Xie Congwei , Xiao Xinli , Long Xiyang , Wu Xiaoling , Liu Weiguo , Du Junbo , Yang Feng , Wang Xiaochun , Yong Taiwen , Zhang Jing , Wu Yushan , Yang Wenyu , Liu Jiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMildew severely reduces soybean yield and quality, and pods are the first line of defence against pathogens. Maize‐soybean intercropping (MSI) reduces mildew incidence on soybean pods; however, the mechanism remains unclear. Changing light (CL) from maize shading is the most important environmental feature in MSI. We hypothesized that CL affects isoflavone accumulation in soybean pods, affecting their disease resistance. In the present study, shading treatments were applied to soybean plants during different developmental stages according to various CL environments under MSI. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI) and classical evaluation methods confirmed that CL, especially vegetative stage shading (VS), enhanced pod resistance to mildew. Further metabolomic analyses and exogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and biosynthesis inhibitor experiments revealed the important relationship between JA and isoflavone biosynthesis, which had a synergistic effect on the enhanced resistance of CL‐treated pods to mildew. VS promoted the biosynthesis and accumulation of constitutive isoflavones upstream of the isoflavone pathway, such as aglycones and glycosides, in soybean pods. When mildew infects pods, endogenous JA signalling stimulated the biosynthesis of downstream inducible malonyl isoflavone (MIF) and glyceollin to improve pod resistance.
Sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption and overweight and obesity in adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: a population‐based analysis
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc‐Minh , K Tang Hong , Dibley Michael John , Alam Ashraful 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this research was to describe the patterns of consumption of multiple sugar‐sweetened beverages (including modern and traditional ones) among adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City and to identify a possible relationship between this consumption and overweight, obesity, and other factors.MethodsA secondary analysis from a cross‐sectional study of 11–15‐year‐old students from 31 junior high schools across Ho Chi Minh City was used. We measured the students’ anthropometric status and assessed beverage consumption using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify the association between the consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages, obesity and other factors.ResultsThe sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSB) ranged widely from modern soft drinks and powdered drinks to traditional sugar‐added fruit and leaf juices, and milk‐based drinks. These beverages were very popular among 2,660 participants with 36% consuming at least one variety daily. Factors positively associated with sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption included a higher level of physical activity, higher consumption of fast foods, and daily fruit and vegetable consumption. We found a negative association between milk‐based SSBs and the overweight and obesity status of the students, i.e. every kcal more of fresh milk with sugar and condensed milk can reduce an obesity odd of 0.005 (95% CI [0.002–0.008], p < 0.001) and 0.004 (95% CI [0.002–0.010], p = 0.044) consecutively. None of the other SSBs was significantly related to adolescent overweight and obesity.ConclusionsMilk‐based drinks potentially protect adolescents against overweight and obesity. Further research to assess this protection is needed.
Algorithmic bias: Senses, sources, solutions
Authors: Fazelpour Sina , Danks David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractData‐driven algorithms are widely used to make or assist decisions in sensitive domains, including healthcare, social services, education, hiring, and criminal justice. In various cases, such algorithms have preserved or even exacerbated biases against vulnerable communities, sparking a vibrant field of research focused on so‐called algorithmic biases. This research includes work on identification, diagnosis, and response to biases in algorithm‐based decision‐making. This paper aims to facilitate the application of philosophical analysis to these contested issues by providing an overview of three key topics: What is algorithmic bias? Why and how can it occur? What can and should be done about it? Throughout, we highlight connections—both actual and potential—with philosophical ideas and concerns.
Practical Wisdom, Well‐Being, and Success
Authors: Tsai Cheng‐hung 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhat is practical wisdom? What does a practically wise person know? It is widely held that a person is practically wise if and only if the person knows how to live well, and that a person knows how to live well only if the person knows what is good or important for well‐being. The question is: What is it that contributes to or constitutes well‐being known by a wise person? A theory of wisdom without a substantive answer to this question can never be seriously tested and used in practice. In this paper, I propose a fully articulated theory of wisdom by integrating the skill theory of wisdom with the success theory of well‐being, arguing that practical wisdom is a skill conducive to well‐being conceived as attitude success.
The Unity of Normative Thought
Authors: Fix Jeremy David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPractical cognitivism is the view that practical reason is our will, not an intellectual capacity whose exercises can influence those of our will. If practical reason is our will, thoughts about how I am to act have an essential tie to action. They are intentions. Thoughts about how others are to act, though, lack such a tie to action. They are beliefs, not intentions. How, then, can these thoughts form a unified class? I reject two answers which deny the differences between such thoughts about myself and those about others, one of which says that all such thoughts are intentions, the other that all are beliefs. I then reject a shared assumption which says that a class of those is unified only if all its elements are all of one type of thought. I instead argue that this class is unified even though some elements are intentions, others beliefs, because such beliefs depend on those intentions in various ways.
Humility for Everyone: A No‐Distraction Account
Authors: Callahan Laura Frances 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper attempts to motivate and reconcile two thoughts about humility that are in tension. First, the experiences of oppressed people matter a great deal to the question of whether humility is a virtue. Second, prima facie anyway, there still seems reason to think humility is a virtue, and an ‘inclusive’ virtue at that, i.e. a virtue for all people. I attempt to reconcile these two thoughts by suggesting a new account of humility, which I call the no‐distraction account. Humility is just the disposition to be free from distracting pride.
The Mind’s Presence to Itself: In Search of Non‐intentional Awareness
Authors: Mitchell Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAccording to some philosophers, the mind enjoys a form of presence to itself. That is to say, in addition to being aware of whatever objects it is aware of, it is also (co‐presently) aware of itself. This paper explores the proposal that we should think about this kind of experiential‐presence in terms of a form of non‐intentional awareness. Various candidates for the relevant form of awareness, as constituting supposed non‐intentional experiential‐presence, are considered and are shown to encounter significant problems. The fact that a plausible account of the non‐intentional awareness which experience putatively has of itself cannot be framed with reference to such forms of awareness is grounds for scepticism concerning the cogency of non‐intentional experiential presence.
Group classification and analytical solutions of a radially symmetric avascular cancer model
Authors: Bortuli Altemir , Freire Igor Leite , Maidana Norberto Anibal 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider a system of partial differential equations modeling tumors. The system under consideration describes the spatial dynamics of the tumor cells, extracellular matrix, and matrix degrading enzymes. We first carry out a complete group classification of the Lie point symmetries of this model. Next, we use symmetry techniques to construct invariant solutions for it. In addition, we consider a second system of partial differential equations, coupling to the original one the concentration of oxygen, and we find several analytical solutions to this system. Most of the solutions are biologically relevant and consistent with the evolution of such tumors.
Objective and quantitative measurement of skin micro‐relief by image analysis and application in age‐dependent changes
Authors: Wu Yue , Tanaka Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSkin micro‐relief has been researched by a variety of devices and methods, which usually are expensive or complicated. On the other hand, skin micro‐relief relates to quite a few parameters, and it is hard to evaluate all of them at the same time. In the study, all parameters related to skin micro‐relief are extracted and evaluated by image analysis.Materials and MethodsSkin micro‐relief evaluation was divided into four aspects: (a) Tamura features method was used to evaluate skin surface. (b) Morphological transform was applied to extract skin pores. (c) Watershed transform was applied to extract skin furrows. (d) labeling operation was used to evaluate the number, area and average area of skin closed polygons. Then, cheek images from 163 healthy Japanese females (0‐70 years old) are analyzed to explore the age‐dependent changes.ResultsMost parameters increased as age went on with significant differences, such as skin surface coarseness, contrast, skin pore number, area, average area, skin furrow width, skin closed polygon area and skin closed polygon average area. Skin coarseness has a strong correlation with pore area.ConclusionThe method proposed in the study provided a comprehensive and effective assessment of skin micro‐relief.
Variable accuracy, precision, and consistency of compounded famciclovir formulated for management of feline herpesvirus‐1 in cats
Authors: O'Leary Louise M. , Allbaugh Rachel A. , Schrunk Dwayne E. , Olsen Thomas E. , Sebbag Lionel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate compounded famciclovir suspensions for accuracy, precision, and consistency in drug content.ProceduresTwo compounded famciclovir concentrations were evaluated (250 and 400 mg/mL, 30 preparations total from nine 503A compounding pharmacies) with U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved famciclovir tablets as control. Drug quantification via high‐performance liquid chromatography (with famciclovir reference standard and pramipexole internal standard) was performed at 0, 14, and 28 days with concentrations of 90%–110% of labeled dose considered acceptable (US Pharmacopoeia standards).ResultsFDA‐approved tablets from three different manufacturers were found to be accurate and precise with acceptable drug content. A significantly greater mean deviation from labeled content was noted for 400 mg/mL suspensions (–52.9%) compared to 250 mg/mL suspensions (–18.0%). When assessing time points separately, 15/63 (24%) samples of 250 mg/mL and 0/27 (0%) samples of 400 mg/mL suspensions met the acceptance standards. Coefficients of variation (CV) in drug content among pharmacy batches ranged from 0.5% to 29%, with 5/10 formulations having significantly lower CV% compared to control (decreased precision). Similarly, drug content changed over time (0–28 days) in all compounded formulations, with both downward and upward trends observed (variable consistency).ConclusionsMost compounded famciclovir formulations were inaccurate, imprecise, and inconsistent. FDA‐approved famciclovir tablets may be preferred over compounded famciclovir formulations for the management of feline herpesvirus‐1. If compounded famciclovir is used in practice, a concentration of 250 mg/mL is preferred over 400 mg/mL given the lower accuracy of the higher concentration.
Myofibroblast fate plasticity in tissue repair and fibrosis: Deactivation, apoptosis, senescence and reprogramming
Authors: Merkt Wolfgang , Zhou Yan , Han Hongwei , Lagares David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn response to tissue injury, fibroblasts differentiate into professional repair cells called myofibroblasts, which orchestrate many aspects of the normal tissue repair programme including synthesis, deposition and contraction of extracellular matrix proteins, leading to wound closure. Successful tissue repair responses involve termination of myofibroblast activities in order to prevent pathologic fibrotic scarring. Here, we discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms limiting myofibroblast activities during physiological tissue repair, including myofibroblast deactivation, apoptosis, reprogramming and immune clearance of senescent myofibroblasts. In addition, we summarize pathological mechanisms leading to myofibroblast persistence and survival, a hallmark of fibrotic diseases. Finally, we discuss emerging anti‐fibrotic therapies aimed at targeting myofibroblast fate such as senolytics, gene therapy, cellular immunotherapy and CAR‐T cells.
Vasodilatation by carbon dioxide and sodium nitroglycerin reduces compliance of the cerebral arteries in humans
Authors: Moir M. Erin , Vermeulen Tyler D. , Smith Sydney O. , Woehrle Emilie , Matushewski Brad J. , Zamir Mair , Shoemaker J. Kevin 
Published: June 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Vascular compliance importantly contributes to the regulation of cerebral perfusion and complex mechanisms are known to influence compliance of a vascular bed: while vasodilatation mediates changes in vascular resistance, does it also affect compliance, particularly in the cerebral vasculature?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Cerebral vasodilatation, elicited by hypercapnia and sodium nitroglycerin administration, reduced cerebrovascular compliance by approximately 26% from baseline. This study provides new insight into mechanisms mediating cerebrovascular compliance.
AbstractChanges in vascular resistance and vascular compliance contribute to the regulation of cerebral perfusion. While changes in vascular resistance are known to be mediated by vasodilatation, the mechanisms contributing to changes in vascular compliance are complex. In particular, whether vasodilatation affects compliance of the vasculature within the cranium remains unknown. Therefore, the present study examined the impact of two vasodilatation pathways on cerebrovascular compliance in humans. Fifteen young, healthy adults (26 ± 5 years, seven females) completed two protocols: (i) sublingual sodium nitroglycerin (SNG; 0.4 mg) and (ii) hypercapnia (5–6% carbon dioxide gas mixture for 4 min). Blood pressure waveforms (finger photoplethysmography) and middle cerebral artery blood velocity waveforms (transcranial Doppler ultrasound) were input into a modified Windkessel model and an index of cerebrovascular compliance (Ci) was calculated. During the SNG protocol, Ci decreased 24 ± 17% from baseline ((5.0 ± 2.3) × 10–4 cm s–1 mmHg–1) to minute 10 ((3.6 ± 1.2) × 10–4 cm s–1 mmHg–1; P = 0.009). During the hypercapnia protocol, Ci decreased 28 ± 9% from baseline ((4.4 ± 1.9) × 10–4 cm s–1 mmHg–1) to minute 4 ((3.1 ± 1.4) × 10–4 cm s–1 mmHg–1; P < 0.001). Cerebral vasodilatory stimuli induced by nitric oxide and carbon dioxide mechanisms reduced compliance of the cerebral vascular bed by approximately 26% from supine baseline values.
VE‐cadherin N‐glycosylation modified by N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase V regulates VE‐cadherin–β‐catenin interaction and monocyte adhesion
Authors: Zhang Lei , Ma Limei , Li Jiajia , Lei Jin , Chen Jun , Yu Chao 
Published: June 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Inflammation‐induced monocyte adhesion is the initiator of most vascular diseases. The underlying mechanisms that mediate monocyte adhesion remain to be clarified fully.
What is the main finding and its importance?
N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT‐V)‐mediated N‐glycosylation of VE‐cadherin regulates the dissociation of the VE‐cadherin–β‐catenin complex to modulate monocyte adhesion, but GnT‐V overexpression cannot rescue monocyte adhesion induced by interleukin‐1β. This study clarified the molecular mechanism of VE‐cadherin in regulating the monocyte adhesion process.
AbstractMonocyte adhesion is a crucial step in the initial stage of atherosclerosis, and dysfunction of VE‐cadherin has been reported to be involved in this process. Our group previously found that VE‐cadherin and its binding protein, β‐catenin, were modified by sialylation, and the levels of sialylation were decreased in pro‐inflammatory cytokine‐treated human umbilical vein EA.hy926 cells. In this study, we confirmed that the sugar chains of VE‐cadherin were modified by N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT‐V). We showed that the levels of GnT‐V and β1,6‐N‐acetylglucosamine on the VE‐cadherin were reduced in the presence of interleukin‐1β, whereas the level of monocyte transendothelial migration was increased. Moreover, the interaction between VE‐cadherin and β‐catenin was increased, accompanied by an increased accumulation of degradative VE‐cadherin and cytoplasmic β‐catenin, indicating impairment of cell–cell junctions after interleukin‐1β treatment. Furthermore, GnT‐V short hairpin RNA and overexpression analysis confirmed that glycosylation of VE‐cadherin was modified by GnT‐V in EA.hy926 cells, which contributed to the monocyte–endothelial adhesion process. Taken together, these results suggest that the function of VE‐cadherin in facilitating monocyte adhesion might result from the decreasing GnT‐V expression and disorder of GnT‐V‐catalysed N‐glycosylation. Our study clarified the molecular mechanism of VE‐cadherin in regulation of the monocyte adhesion process and provided new insights into the post‐transcriptional modifications of VE‐cadherin.