bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nd:YAG Laser Iridectomies: 100 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Wand Martin , Clark Jacob A , Hill David A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We reviewed the patient charts of our first 100 consecutive Nd:YAG laser iridectomies. Our success rate (99%) is the same as that reported by others. Iris bleeding was not problematic. We did find that relative pupillary block may still be present with a patent but very small Nd:YAG iridectomy; that transillumination is not an adequate criterion for assessing patency; and that a Nd:YAG laser iridectomy, probably in part because of its small size, frequently closes with chronic inflammation.
Can the Accuracy of Intraocular Lens Calculations Be Improved?
Authors: Mitchell David J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Regression analysis of data from 222 extracapsular cataract extractions was performed to determine if the accuracy of IOL prediction in cataract surgery can be improved. Polynomial and piecewise regression of large, medium, and short eyes were used to calculate new formulas for IOL prediction. The Taylor series representation of the theoretical lens power formula was calculated to determine what combination of the variables for IOL power prediction are reasonable to consider in constructing a polynomial regression model. The formulas calculated from the data in this study were compared with other published methods of IOL calculation. In this study, the difference between the postoperative refraction error and emmetropia was independent of the formula used. The exception was the modified Binkhorst formula, which caused greater error. Inclusion of higher order terms in the regression formula or piecewise regression did not reduce the postoperative refractive error.
BSPOT: A Blind Spot Data Evaluation Program for SAPRO Examinations
Authors: Funkhouser A T , Fankhauser F , Kwasniewska S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The BSPOT evaluation program has been created to run on an IBM-PC type computer, ft accepts Octopus SAPRO data that have been transferred to the PC and enables the user to display aspects of the data for evaluation purposes. Some applications are illustrated using the results of two blind spot examination series, one normal and the other pathologic, and the results of an angioscotoma examination. Although the program was designed for the display of blind spot data, any SAPRO examination data may be used.
A Technical Variation of Posterior Chamber IOL Implantation
Authors: Recupero Santi Maria , Fioravanti Walter , Contestabile Maria Teresa 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, one of the most delicate phases is placing the loops in the capsular bag or in the ciliary sulcus. We describe a technique to simplify the phase of IOL insertion by tying the superior loop with a nylon suture. No changes to the lens and no special instruments are required.
Intraocular Pressure Following ECCE, Phacoemulsification, and PC-IOL Implantation
Authors: Kooner Karanjit S , Cooksey John C , Perry Priscilla , Zimmerman Thom J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Abnormal intraocular pressure (IOP), either transient or permanent, may follow extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with phacoemulsification (PE) and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation. We retrospectively studied IOP measurements at different intervals post ECCE and PE in 242 eyes of 211 patients: 105 males, 106 females, 198 Caucasians and 13 blacks. Elevated IOP (>23 mm Hg) was observed in 20 eyes (8.2%). Only two patients (0.8%) had persistent (>3 months) IOP elevation and needed antiglaucoma therapy. Six more eyes (2.5%), however, developed glaucoma after 1 year. Hence, the incidence of secondary Pseudophakie glaucoma at the conclusion of this study was 3.3%. No patient required laser or other mechanical surgery for IOP control. ECCE and PE with PC-IOL does not appear to adversely affect IOP. Patients, however, must be followed closely, as some may develop glaucoma months after surgery.
Carbon Dioxide Laser Repair of Medial Ectropion
Authors: Korn Elliot L , Glotzbach Robin K 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Five patients with medial eyelid ectropion and punctal eversion due to senile changes, cicatrix, or vertical skin tightness were treated with a heretofore unreported method. Using a carbon dioxide laser, an ellipse of conjunctival-tarsal-inferior muscle tissue was excised from the inner surface of the ectropic lid inferior to the punctum. There was no bleeding, and each postoperative course was notable for minimal pain and edema. Lengthy follow-up revealed good anatomie results, with normal functioning of the inferior punctum. Patients taking warfarin sodium (Coumadin) have been treated without bleeding. Carbon dioxide laser ectropion repair may be tailored to each patient's specific condition, and is performed with ease in the office, thus offering diminished patient anxiety, discomfort, and expense.
Intraocular Pressure Response After Pneumatic Retinopexy
Authors: Coden Daniel J , Freeman William R , Weinreb Robert N 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We measured intraocular pressure over a five-day period in ten consecutive patients undergoing pneumatic retinopexy to determine the effect of an expanding gas bubble. During treatment, all eyes received 0.3 ml perfluoropropane gas. All eyes had an immediate rise in intraocular pressure, which in four eyes was associated with absence of central retinal artery perfusion for three minutes. Once infraocular pressure fell toward baseline (30 to 60 minutes after gas injection), we did not find a high intraocular pressure during the subsequent five-day period. We conclude that intraocular pressure-reducing medication is not routinely indicated in these eyes.
Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss Following Trephination
Authors: Clinch Thomas E , Fung Karen L , Laibson Peter L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The amount of endothelial cell loss that occurs to the donor cornea during the trephination process was evaluated in 40 porcine eyes. A vital staining technique (alizarin red S and acid violet 19) was used to quantify the extent of endothelial damage and removal. Two types of corneal punches (Week and H&I) were used for trephination. The average amount of endothelial loss from the peripheral cornea was 7.9%, accounting for only a 3% loss of endothelial cells over the total surface area of the corneal button. A comparison of the Week and H&I corneal punches showed no significant difference (P >0.1) by Student's t test for both endothelial cell damage and removal.
Corneal Re-Graft: Indications and Outcome
Authors: MacEwen Caroline J , Khan Zia U H , Anderson Elaine , MacEwen C G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The results of 62 repeat penetrating keratoplasties (41 eyes) over a 10-year period are presented. The common indications for the primary graft include herpes simplex keratitis, Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy, aphakic bullous keratopathy, Fuch's endothelial dystrophy, and chronic ulceration. All cases of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy had the iris-clip type of intraocular lens. Graft failure was attributed to rejection, endothelial failure, recurrent ulceration, herpes simplex keratitis, melting, trauma, and recurrent dystrophy. At the end of the study period 28 grafts (68%) were clear and 13 (32%) were opaque. Visual improvement occurred in 28 eyes (68%), deterioration in four (10%), and six (15%) remained unchanged (visual result was not available in three eyes). These data are encouraging in terms of visual outcome and graft clarity in cases of repeat penetrating keratoplasty.
Comparison is made between the primary indications and outcome of these re-grafts and eyes requiring only one graft. Initial indications for grafting in both groups were similar, other than keratoconus, which was a significantly more common indication in eyes that required only one graft. Final visual results were better in those eyes undergoing only one graft, compared with those that required multiple surgery.
Effect of Excimer Laser on Microbiological Organisms
Authors: Keates Richard H , Drago Paul C , Rothchild Eric J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The effect of radiation emitted from an excimer laser filled with argon fluoride gas at 193 nm on Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus. Streptococcus faecalis, Hemophilus influenzae, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger (collectively labeled "the microorganisms") was examined. Colonies were subjected to a variable number of radiation pulses from the excimer laser applied after a 36-hour period of incubation at 37°C, at which time the colonies were fully grown and showed no viability. The lack of viability was confirmed with a subculture from each area that received radiation; all subcultures were negative. The characteristics of the radiation paralleled those used by Serdavic, Darrell, Krueger, et al in 1985.1 This radiation treatment is believed to be within a therapeutic range, which suggests that the excimer laser, pending further investigation, may be useful in the treatment of corneal infections.
Treatment of Small Choroidal Melanomas With Photocoagulation
Authors: Jalkh Alex E , Trempe Clement L , Nasrallah Fadi P , Weiter John J , McMeel J Wallace , Schepens Charles L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Seventeen eyes with small choroidal melanomas presumed to be malignant were photocoagulated. The melanomas measured 7 to 15 mm at the tumor base and 2 ta 5 mm thick. First, photocoagulation using the green argon laser was aimed at closing the choroidal vascular supply of the tumor. In a second stage, tumor tissue was destroyed using the red krypton laser for confluent burns of long duration. Such treatment was supplemented by cryotherapy in peripherally located tumors or whenever photocoagulation alone did not result in tumor regression. Photocoagulation alone was used in ten eyes and combined with cryotherapy in seven. After an average follow-up of 42 months, marked tumor regression was achieved in 12 eyes and some tumor regression in two. Two eyes ultimately required proton beam irradiation, and one eye was enucleated. No metastasis occurred during follow-up.
Retinal Vascular Occlusion Without Retrobulbar or Optic Nerve Sheath Hemorrhage After Retrobulbar Injection of Lidocaine
Authors: Cowley Marianne , Campochiaro Peter A , Newman Steven A , Fogle Jerry A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report a case of retinal vascular occlusion in a patient with severe diabetic retinopathy after retrobulbar injection of lidocaine. Several features of the occlusion are of interest: 1) rapid onset and relatively rapid reversal temporally associated with intervention; 2) numerous areas of focal vascular constriction; 3) absence of retrobulbar hemorrhage or dilated optic nerve sheath on CT scan; and 4) recurrence of nonperfusion after a second injection into the inferior peribulbar space. This suggests that patients with severe vascular disease may suffer retinal vascular occlusion after retrobulbar injections in the absence of identifiable retrobulbar or intraoptic nerve sheath hemorrhage. Though the mechanism is uncertain, this unusual complication deserves consideration, since its early recognition could possibly be of benefit in the management of some patients.
Combined Penetrating Keratoplasty and Vitreoretinal Surgery with the Eckardt Temporary Keratoprosthesis
Authors: Gross Jeffrey G , Feldman Sandy , Freeman William R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The Eckardt style temporary keratoprosthesis was used in six cases of five eyes undergoing simultaneous penetrating keratoplasty and pars plana vitrectomy. This device provided excellent visualization of posterior and peripheral intraocular structures and maintained a closed system during surgery. Corneal grafts remained clear in 80% of the cases, and macular attachment was achieved with either silicone oil or perfluoropropane gas in 50% of cases followed for at least 6 months. Visual function remained the same or improved in three eyes. Suggested refinements to the placement of this device include enlarging the trephination to 6.75 mm and the use of 8-0 nylon sutures to prevent cheesewiring of the soft silicone rim. A plano contact lens required during surgery to visualize the retina did not minify the image. Since the optical cylinder of the Eckardt temporary keratoprosthesis is shorter than that of a Landers-Foulks keratoprosthesis of similar diameter, it provides greater peripheral visualization. It is, however, less durable.
Changing Concepts in the Management of Retinoblastoma
Authors: Shields Jerry A , Shields Carol L , Donoso Larry A , Lieb Wolfgang E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
For many years the most common treatment for retinoblastoma has been enucleation, generally performed on the affected eye in children with unilateral sporadic disease and on the more severely affected eye in children with bilateral disease. With refinements in conservative treatment methods, however, the affected eye now often may be salvaged and useful vision retained. Emphasizing this trend, we present our current approaches to managing retinoblastoma based on our experience with 324 patients, outlining our indications and pointing out a number of misconceptions about the role of enucleation, photocoagulation, cryotherapy, and radiotherapy in treating this condition. We also sketch some recent findings regarding the genetics of retinoblastoma and consider ways in which such research may lead to improved management of the disease.
The Success Rate of Silicone Intubation in Congenital Lacrimal Obstruction
Authors: Leone Charles R , Van Gemert John V 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In our series of 100 patients who had unsuccessful probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction, all had silicone intubation associated with infracturing of the inferior turbinate. The age range was from 7 months to 4 years at the time of intubation. Sixty patients had tubes in for 1 year, and all but one, a 3-year-old girl, were treated successfully. Of the 40 who had tubes in place for less than 1 year, 38 were treated successfully. The two unsuccessful cases were those of a 3-year-old boy and a 4-year-old boy, whose tubes were removed at 3 and 4 months, respectively. The overall success rate in our series was 97%; all patients younger than two years old at the time of intubation were treated successfully.
Outpatient and Abbreviated Hospitalization for Vitreoretinal Surgery
Authors: Wilson Douglas , Barr Charles C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We retrospectively reviewed 255 consecutive scleral buckling and vitrectomy operations dividing the patients into two groups. One group was managed traditionally with general anesthesia and postoperative hospitalization. The second group was managed with local anesthesia and with no hospitalization or abbreviated hospitalization whenever possible. There was no difference in the technical or functional success rates achieved in the two groups. We conclude that vitreoretinal surgery may be performed safely and effectively on an outpatient basis in selected cases.
A Simplified Method of Monocanalicular Silicone Intubation
Authors: Dibble Robert F , Friedel Samuel D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a simplified method of monocanalicular silicone intubation for the repair of single canaliculus lacerations. A monocanalicular loop of tubing running from the punctum, through the lacerated canaliculus, and out the cutdown site over the lacrimal sac, provides a secure silicone tube stent.
Comparison of 2.5% and 10% Phenylephrine in the Elevation of Upper Eyelids with Ptosis
Authors: Glatt Herbert J , Fett David R , Putterman Allen M 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The Mueller's muscle-conjunctival resection procedure has been effective in treating ptosis in eyelids that elevate upon instillation of topical 10% phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine). The small risk of an adverse systemic reaction to phenylephrine could be even further decreased by using 2.5% phenylephrine instead of 10% phenylephrine. In order to assess the feasibility of using 2.5% phenylephrine instead of 10% phenylephrine in ptosis evaluation, we compared the amount of upper eyelid elevation produced by the two solutions. Thirty ptotic upper eyelids in 20 patients exposed to 10% phenylephrine rose an average of 0.2 mm higher than the same lids exposed to 2.5% phenylephrine. Although this difference was statistically significant, we suspect that the small magnitude of this difference would have little effect on the decision to perform a Mueller's muscle-conjunctival resection procedure or on the calculation of the amount of tissue to resect.
Astigmatism and Tissue-Shape Disparity in Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Mahjoub Salah B , Au Yue-Kong 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Tissue-shape disparity between the donor and recipient cornea is a major cause of astigmatism following penetrating keratoplasty. We studied the topographic effects of recipient or donor tissue deficiency (oval donor button or recipient hole) in a penetrating keratoplasty rabbit model. The results demonstrated that a crescent-shape block resection of 0.5 mm x 6.0 mm during penetrating keratoplasty induces 4 to 7 diopters of corneal astigmatism, with the steeper meridian along the axis of tissue deficiency. Corneal topography and vector analysis of astigmatism showed steepening along the axis of tissue deficiency and flattening 90° away.
Irrigating Capsule Retractor for Posterior Nucleus Hydrodissection
Authors: Nishi Okihiro , Nishi Kayo 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
An irrigating capsule retractor for safe nucleus delivery in planned extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), particularly after circular capsulorhexis and curvilinear capsulotomy using an envelope technique, is introduced. This retractor, which consists of a 20-gauge needle with a flattened top, provided with a fine-wire hook, can be used to bring the upper nucleus equator out of the capsular bag as well as to perform posterior nucleus hydrodissection. The cannula is especially helpful in performing circular capsulorhexis in a small diameter.
Perineural Invasion of the Orbit by Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Csaky Karl G , Custer Philip 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Two cases of orbital extension by squamous cell carcinoma along the supraorbital nerve are reported. Important clinical aspects of these cases include previous incomplete removal of squamous cell carcinoma of the forehead and altered sensation in the dermatome of the supraorbital nerve. Axial spread of carcinoma along periorbital nerves is an important avenue of local metastasis and should be suspected in all cases of periorbital squamous cell carcinoma.
Endocapsular Hypopyon: A Clinical Sign of Localized Endophthalmitis
Authors: Stefansson Einar , Cobo L Michael , Carlson Alan N , Kesler James L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Chronic intraocular infection following cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation has been documented by several authors. We report a case of chronic, bacterial endophthalmitis that clinically correlates with previous pathologic studies in which the focus of infection was sequestered in the capsular sac between the IOL and the posterior lens capsule. Successful management did not require IOL removal.
Effect of Transscleral Neodymium:YAG Cyclophotocoagulation on Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Blomquist Preston H , Gross Ronald L , Koch Douglas D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A neodymium:YAG laser operating in the thermal mode was used to irradiate isolated intraocular lenses (IOLs) and to perform transscleral cyclophotocoagulation on Pseudophakie autopsy eyes to investigate the potential damage to IOL haptics such irradiation may cause. In the isolated IOLs, 70 mJ of energy deformed and partially melted both polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polypropylene haptics. One of the capsular-fixated PC-IOL haptics in an autopsy eye partially melted when irradiated with the maximum energy level (8.8 J), with the aiming beam focused 1 mm posterior to the limbus and maximal posterior focus offset.
The Position of the Eyebrow
Authors: Oestreicher James H , Hurwitz Jeffrey J 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The position of the eyebrow, which varies from person to person, is an important factor determining the final result of blepharoplasty, ptosis, and other aesthetic surgery. We developed a new instrument for measuring the position of the eyebrow - a clear, curved, plastic face mask with inscribed distance gradations in millimeters and a sliding horizontal step to catch the superior orbital rim for measurement.
Comparative Study of Three Fluorescent Dyes for Angiography: Sodium Fluorescein, Carboxyfluorescein, and Calcein
Authors: Fang Ting , Naguib Khaled S , Peyman Gholam A , Khoobehi Bahram 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To compare the characteristics of carboxyf luorescein (CF) and calcein (Cale) with those of sodium fluorescein (Naf), the only fluorescent dye currently in clinical use, we performed angiography in rabbits and primates using these three dyes. The circulation decay time of all dyes was longer in primates than in rabbits. In primates, CF and Cale had longer decay times than Naf. Cale produced the greatest contrast between the choroidal and retinal vasculature. Tissue staining and dye leakage into the vitreous immediately after retinal photocoagulation were minimal wrth Cale, moderate with CF, and marked with Naf. The limited leakage and longer circulation time of Cale may permit simultaneous angiography and photocoagulation therapy without obscuring the fundus view with leaking dye from the photocoagulated structure.
Anterior Stromal Puncture for Recurrent Erosion: Further Experience and New Instrumentation
Authors: Rubinfeld Roy S , Laibson Peter R , Cohen Elisabeth J , Arentsen Juan J , Eagle Ralph C 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Anterior stromal puncture has recently been proposed as a new treatment for recalcitrant cases of recurrent corneal erosion. Concerns about the risks of corneal perforation and scarring, as well as doubts regarding its efficacy have prevented many patients from benefiting from this procedure. We introduce a new, inexpensive, commercially available instrument designed to standardize this technique, minimize scarring, and prevent corneal perforation.
In a clinical trial involving 25 consecutive patients with recurrent erosions resistant to vigorous conservative treatment, the first 11 patients underwent stromal puncture in which a straight tuberculin needle was used; the following 14 were treated with a newly designed prototype needle. All patients in this series remained free of erosions after completion of stromal puncture, except for one woman with marked diffuse anterior basement membrane dystrophy, who went on to develop spontaneous bilateral erosions. Follow-up ranged from 2 months to 30 months (mean, 13 months). There were no complications of stromal puncture, and subjective and objective evaluations revealed no significant postoperative glare. Microscopic analysis of eye bank eyes subjected to anterior stromal puncture procedures demonstrated that the new prototype needle provided shallower penetration and thus less likelihood of perforation or excessive scarring than the straight needle. Also, postoperative discomfort and scarring appeared to be significantly less in patients treated with the prototype needle.