bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying fixed individual heterogeneity in demographic parameters: Performance of correlated random effects for Bernoulli variables
Authors: Fay Rémi , Authier Matthieu , Hamel Sandra , Jenouvrier Stéphanie , van de Pol Martijn , Cam Emmanuelle , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Yoccoz Nigel G. , Acker Paul , Allen Andrew , Aubry Lise M. , Bonenfant Christophe , Caswell Hal , Coste Christophe F. D. , Larue Benjamin , Le Coeur Christie , Gamelon Marlène , Macdonald Kaitlin R. , Moiron Maria , Nicol‐Harper Alex , Pelletier Fanie , Rotella Jay J. , Teplitsky Celine , Touzot Laura , Wells Caitlin P. , Sæther Bernt‐Erik 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

An increasing number of empirical studies aim to quantify individual variation in demographic parameters because these patterns are key for evolutionary and ecological processes. Advanced approaches to estimate individual heterogeneity are now using a multivariate normal distribution with correlated individual random effects to account for the latent correlations among different demographic parameters occurring within individuals. Despite the frequent use of multivariate mixed models, we lack an assessment of their reliability when applied to Bernoulli variables.

Using simulations, we estimated the reliability of multivariate mixed effect models for estimating correlated fixed individual heterogeneity in demographic parameters modelled with a Bernoulli distribution. We evaluated both bias and precision of the estimates across a range of scenarios that investigate the effects of life‐history strategy, levels of individual heterogeneity and presence of temporal variation and state dependence. We also compared estimates across different sampling designs to assess the importance of study duration, number of individuals monitored and detection probability.

In many simulated scenarios, the estimates for the correlated random effects were biased and imprecise, which highlight the challenge in estimating correlated random effects for Bernoulli variables. The amount of fixed among‐individual heterogeneity was frequently overestimated, and the absolute value of the correlation between random effects was almost always underestimated. Simulations also showed contrasting performances of mixed models depending on the scenario considered. Generally, estimation bias decreases and precision increases with slower pace of life, large fixed individual heterogeneity and large sample size.

We provide guidelines for the empirical investigation of individual heterogeneity using correlated random effects according to the life‐history strategy of the species, as well as, the volume and structure of the data available to the researcher. Caution is warranted when interpreting results regarding correlated individual random effects in demographic parameters modelled with a Bernoulli distribution. Because bias varies with sampling design and life history, comparisons of individual heterogeneity among species is challenging. The issue addressed here is not specific to demography, making this warning relevant for all research areas, including behavioural and evolutionary studies.
Building a rural workforce through identifying supports for rural, mature‐aged nursing and allied health students: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Quilliam Claire , Crawford Nicole , McKinstry Carol , Wong Shee Anna , Harvey Pamela , Glenister Kristen , Sutton Keith 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionThere is a long‐standing undersupply of nursing and allied health professionals in rural Australia. Rural, mature‐aged people form an untapped section of rural communities that could help to address these workforce needs. There is little understanding of the supports required to assist rural, mature‐aged nursing and allied health students to complete their studies and enter the rural health workforce.ObjectiveTo scope factors influencing rural, mature‐aged nursing and allied health students’ ability to access, participate, and succeed in higher education.DesignA scoping review of the international rural nursing and allied health and education literature was undertaken. Five databases (CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, Education Resources Information Center [ERIC], Embase, and Education Research Complete), key peer‐reviewed journals, and Australian grey literature were searched.FindingsFourteen articles were included in the review. Ten studies described rural, mature‐aged nursing and allied health student characteristics, 6 described barriers to students participating and succeeding in higher education, and 4 described student supports.DiscussionThis review found limited evidence to guide higher education providers in attracting, supporting and retaining rural, mature‐aged nursing and allied health students. In particular, evidence of student supports is required beyond those manifested by students themselves or their family, to include offerings from university and government sources.ConclusionSubstantially more research attention is needed to understand the experiences of rural, mature‐aged nursing and allied health students, and supports required for this cohort to access, participate and successfully complete higher education.
Comparative analysis of macular microstructure in eyes treated with human amniotic membrane plug or internal limiting membrane transplant for Failed Macular Hole
Authors: Pacini Bianca , Bacherini Daniela , Savastano Alfonso , Rizzo Stanislao , Caporossi Tomaso 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo document comparative analysis of macular microstructures of eyes treated with autologous internal limiting membrane (ILM) transplant and human Amniotic Membrane (hAM) plug transplant for failed macular holes (FMH).Materials and MethodsSix patients who underwent successful surgeries for FMH were evaluated. The first three patients had undergone autologous ILM transplant, the others had undergone hAM plug transplant. They were examined using Adaptive Optics (AO) at baseline and at 6 months after surgery; OCT and OCT‐Angiography were performed at 6 months. All images were evaluated morphologically; AO images were also analysed using the internal software.ResultsRegarding the AO analysis in ILM‐patients, the average cone density inside the lesion was 7684.44 ± 362.96 and the total spacing was 10.86 ± 0.97. In hAM‐patients, the average cone density inside the plug area was 10197.9 ± 326.62 and the total spacing was 10.6 ± 0.72. It was not possible to analyse cone density in the area outside the lesion on any patients. All patients were also evaluated morphologically. OCT analysis in ILM‐patients showed a subverted anatomical situation, while in hAM‐patients revealed the regrowth of tissue layers and a resumption of foveal depression. OCT‐Angiography analysis revealed an enlargement of the FAZ in ILM‐patients and a fairly normal appearance and size of the FAZ in hAM‐patients, in comparison to the fellow eye.ConclusionsOur findings require validation with a longer follow‐up in a larger quantity of patients, but already suggest important differences in the cellular mechanism that underlies the tissue remodelling in these two techniques.
Genomic analysis of Burkholderia cenocepacia isolated from a liver abscess in a patient with cystic fibrosis
Authors: de Freitas Vianna Edgard , Menezes Nicoli Izzy Miotto , de Almeida Mila Muraro , de Freitas Flávia Alvim Dutra , da Costa Ferreira Leite Cassiana , Firmida Monica Cassia , de Medeiros Davi Ribeiro Iglesias , Souza Leão Robson , Mattos Albano Rodolpho , Andrade Marques Elizabeth 
Published: September 2021

Burkholderia cenocepacia complex is associated with high transmissibility, virulence, and poor prognosis in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. However, extrapulmonary infections are rare. We investigated the genome of a B. cenocepacia IIIA isolated from a liver abscess in a Brazilian CF patient and compared it to strain J2315. The whole genome was sequenced, and contigs were annotated by Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology. The Pathosystems Resource Integration Center was used to map antimicrobial and virulence genes. The genomic island (GIs) analysis was performed using two prediction methods, and the presence of putative plasmids and insertion sequences (ISs) was investigated. The isolate was confirmed as B. cenocepacia IIIA to ST‐28 (ET12 lineage). A total of 64 genes for antimicrobial resistance and 47 genes related to virulence were identified. Among the virulence factors, there was a predominance of factors related to the invasion mechanism, to the flagellar biosynthesis protein, and to the RNA polymerase sigma factor for flagellar operon (cdpA). Two IS families (IS3 and IS5) and only one plasmid were found. On average 56 GIs were predicted by at least one of the methods applied. Comparative analysis showed resistance mechanisms and virulence factors revealing invasive determinants used by B. cenocepacia IIIA (ET12) in the process of disease spread to other infection sites (extrapulmonary) of highly virulent strains in CF patients.
Randomised clinical trial: dose optimising strategy by NUDT15 genotyping reduces leucopenia during thiopurine treatment of Crohn's disease
Authors: Chao Kang , Huang Yibiao , Zhu Xia , Tang Jian , Wang Xueding , Lin Lang , Guo Huili , Zhang Caibin , Li Miao , Yang Qingfan , Huang Jie , Ye Lingna , Hu Pinjin , Huang Min , Cao Qian , Gao Xiang 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIntroductionThiopurine S‐methyltransferase (TPTM) is a well known biomarker for thiopurine‐induced leucopenia, which has limited value in Asia. Instead, NUDT15 C415T is a promising predictor in Asia.AimsTo explore whether an optimised strategy based on NUDT15 C415T genotypes affects thiopurine‐induced leucopenia, as well as efficacy in Chinese patients with Crohn's disease.MethodsPatients with Crohn's disease and indications for thiopurines were included from two hospitals in China. They were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group. In the intervention group, those with genotype CC received a standard dose (control group), those with CT genotype received 50% of the standard dose, those with TT genotype received alternative drugs. The primary endpoint was thiopurine‐induced leucopenia (<3.5 × 109/L). Secondary outcomes were the incidence of other adverse events and the efficacy for maintaining steroid‐free remission at week 36.ResultsThe rate of thiopurine‐induced leucopenia was lower in the intervention group (n = 52) than in the control group (n = 66) (23.7% vs 32.4%, P = 0.049, RR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.53‐1.00). In CT subgroup, the incidence of leucopenia in the intervention group (n = 10) was significantly lower than in the control group (n = 28) (31.3% vs 65.1%, RR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.28‐0.84). Neither other adverse events nor treatment efficacy was significantly different between the two groups during follow‐up.ConclusionsAmong Chinese patients with Crohn's disease, dose optimisation by NUDT15 C415T reduced the rate of thiopurine‐induced leucopenia, without significant influence on efficacy. Using 50% dose reduction for heterozygotes, and alternative drugs for homozygotes, are practicable strategies.Clinical trial number: NCT02929706.
Population pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous infliximab CT‐P13 in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis
Authors: Hanzel Jurij , Bukkems Laura H. , Gecse Krisztina B. , D’Haens Geert R. , Mathôt Ron A. A. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryBackgroundInfliximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against tumour necrosis factor‐alpha for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Recently, a subcutaneous formulation of CT‐P13, an infliximab biosimilar, was approved for clinical use.AimsTo characterise CT‐P13 pharmacokinetics (PK) and its clinically relevant determinants after subcutaneous administration through population PK modelling.MethodsData from a two‐part Phase I study with intravenous (5 mg/kg) and variable maintenance subcutaneous dosing of CT‐P13 with frequent PK sampling in patients with CD or UC were used. Population PK analysis was conducted by non‐linear mixed effects modelling. Covariates affecting PK parameters were chosen based on their clinical relevance (effect size of ≥20%) using a full fixed‐effect modelling approach.ResultsCT‐P13 PK was described by a two‐compartment model with linear elimination. The half‐life in a typical 70 kg patient with serum albumin of 44 g/L was 10.8 days. The typical value for clearance was 0.355 L/d, absorption constant 0.273/d, bioavailability 79.1%, central volume of distribution 3.10 L and peripheral volume of distribution 1.93 L. Clinically relevant covariates affecting clearance were body weight (+43.2% from 70 to 120 kg), the presence of anti‐drug antibodies (+39%) and serum albumin concentration (+30.1% from 44 to 32 g/L). Simulated drug exposure was comparable between routes of administration for patients weighing 50 or 70 kg, but lower with subcutaneous dosing in patients weighing 120 kg.ConclusionsThis first population PK model for subcutaneous CT‐P13 supports fixed subcutaneous maintenance dosing, although heavy patients had lower cumulative drug exposure.
The influence of Alasdair MacIntyre’s “After Virtue” book on business ethics studies: A citation concept analysis
Authors: Akgün Ali E. , Keskin Halit , Fidan Selahaddin Samil 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlasdair MacIntyre’s title, After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory (AV), is a thought‐provoking, influential, ground‐breaking title that contributes much to business ethics studies. However, to date, there has not been any systematic and comprehensive study that has examined AV’s overall impact on the business ethics landscape. This study thus offers specific and rich information about AV’s realized contribution to business ethics over the past 20 years. First, using citation concept analysis (CCA), which refers to a content analysis of statements surrounding in‐text citations of AV in articles referring to the primary source, we reveal which AV contents have been either frequently cited or rarely cited. Our findings indicate that although researchers have cited considerably rich and diverse content from AV, there remains a discrepancy for citation contexts when compared to AV’s original content related to MacIntyre’s multi‐level virtue conceptualization. Secondly, using citation depth analysis for how citations of AV spread through a primary source in one of the three categories, for example, limited, intermediate, and comprehensive, we find that AV content has been increasingly cited in both an intermediate and a comprehensive way. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this offered study in the management and organization studies.
Estimating perinatal critical windows of susceptibility to environmental mixtures via structured Bayesian regression tree pairs
Authors: Mork Daniel , Wilson Ander 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMaternal exposure to environmental chemicals during pregnancy can alter birth and children's health outcomes. Research seeks to identify critical windows, time periods when exposures can change future health outcomes, and estimate the exposure–response relationship. Existing statistical approaches focus on estimation of the association between maternal exposure to a single environmental chemical observed at high temporal resolution (e.g., weekly throughout pregnancy) and children's health outcomes. Extending to multiple chemicals observed at high temporal resolution poses a dimensionality problem and statistical methods are lacking. We propose a regression tree–based model for mixtures of exposures observed at high temporal resolution. The proposed approach uses an additive ensemble of tree pairs that defines structured main effects and interactions between time‐resolved predictors and performs variable selection to select out of the model predictors not correlated with the outcome. In simulation, we show that the tree‐based approach performs better than existing methods for a single exposure and can accurately estimate critical windows in the exposure–response relation for mixtures. We apply our method to estimate the relationship between five exposures measured weekly throughout pregnancy and birth weight in a Denver, Colorado, birth cohort. We identified critical windows during which fine particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and temperature are negatively associated with birth weight and an interaction between fine particulate matter and temperature. Software is made available in the R package dlmtree.
Bayesian multiple index models for environmental mixtures
Authors: McGee Glen , Wilson Ander , Webster Thomas F. , Coull Brent A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAn important goal of environmental health research is to assess the risk posed by mixtures of environmental exposures. Two popular classes of models for mixtures analyses are response‐surface methods and exposure‐index methods. Response‐surface methods estimate high‐dimensional surfaces and are thus highly flexible but difficult to interpret. In contrast, exposure‐index methods decompose coefficients from a linear model into an overall mixture effect and individual index weights; these models yield easily interpretable effect estimates and efficient inferences when model assumptions hold, but, like most parsimonious models, incur bias when these assumptions do not hold. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian multiple index model framework that combines the strengths of each, allowing for non‐linear and non‐additive relationships between exposure indices and a health outcome, while reducing the dimensionality of the exposure vector and estimating index weights with variable selection. This framework contains response‐surface and exposure‐index models as special cases, thereby unifying the two analysis strategies. This unification increases the range of models possible for analysing environmental mixtures and health, allowing one to select an appropriate analysis from a spectrum of models varying in flexibility and interpretability. In an analysis of the association between telomere length and 18 organic pollutants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the proposed approach fits the data as well as more complex response‐surface methods and yields more interpretable results.
Revisiting Diagnostic performances of serum erythropoïetin level and JAK2 mutation for polycythemias: analysis of a cohort of 1090 patients with red cell mass measurement
Authors: Maslah Nabih , Ravdan Odonchimeg , Drevon Louis , Verger Emmanuelle , Belkhodja Célia , Chomienne Christine , Cassinat Bruno , Kiladjian Jean‐Jacques , Giraudier Stéphane , Schlageter Marie‐Hélène 
Published: September 2021

SummaryWe assessed the diagnostic performances of erythropoietin and JAK2 mutations in 1,090 patients with suspected polycythemia who were referred for red cell mass (RCM) measurement. In patients with a high haematocrit and/or haemoglobin level, a low erythropoietin level (<=3·3 mUI/ml) and JAK2 mutation showed comparable positive predictive value (PPV) for true polycythemia (RCM>=125%), 92·1% and 90% respectively. A very‐low erythropoietin level (<=1·99 mUI/ml) had a PPV of 100% for polycythemia vera (PV) diagnosis. We confirmed the correlations between RCM, erythropoietin and JAK2 variant allelic frequency in PV patients. This study prompts the need to revisit the role of EPO in PV diagnostic criteria.
Neutrophil-mediated mechanisms of damage and in-vitro protective effect of colchicine in non-vascular Behçet's syndrome
Authors: Bettiol Alessandra , Becatti Matteo , Silvestri Elena , Argento Flavia Rita , Fini Eleonora , Mannucci Amanda , Galora Silvia , Mattioli Irene , Urban Maria Letizia , Malandrino Danilo , Palermo Adalgisa , Taddei Niccolò , Emmi Giacomo , Prisco Domenico , Fiorillo Claudia 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a systemic vasculitis with several clinical manifestations. Neutrophil hyperactivation mediates vascular BS pathogenesis, via both a massive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release. Here, we investigated neutrophil-mediated mechanisms of damage in non-vascular BS manifestations and explored the in-vitro effects of colchicine in counteracting these mechanisms. NETs and intracellular ROS production was assessed in blood samples from 80 BS patients (46 with active non-vascular BS, 34 with inactive disease) and 80 healthy controls. Moreover, isolated neutrophils were incubated for 1 h with an oxidating agent [2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride; 250 nM] and the ability of pure colchicine pretreatment (100 ng/ml) to counteract oxidation-induced damage was assessed. Patients with active non-vascular BS showed remarkably increased NET levels [21.2, interquartile range (IQR) = 18.3–25.9 mU/ml] compared to patients with inactive disease (16.8, IQR = 13.3–20.2 mU/ml) and to controls (7.1, IQR = 5.1–8.7 mU/ml, p &lt; 0.001]. Also, intracellular ROS tended to increase in active BS, although not significantly. In active non-vascular BS, NETs correlated with neutrophil ROS production (p &lt; 0.001) and were particularly increased in patients with active mucosal (p &lt; 0.001), articular (p = 0.004) and gastrointestinal symptoms (p = 0.006). In isolated neutrophils, colchicine significantly reduced oxidation-induced NET production and cell apoptosis, although not via an anti-oxidant activity. Neutrophil-mediated mechanisms might be directly involved in non-vascular BS, and NETs, more than ROS, might drive the pathogenesis of mucosal, articular and intestinal manifestations. Colchicine might be effective in counteracting neutrophils-mediated damage in BS, although further studies are needed.
Contact allergy to oxidized linalool and oxidized limonene: Patch testing in consecutive patients with dermatitis
Authors: Sukakul Thanisorn , Bruze Magnus , Mowitz Martin , Antelmi Annarita , Bergendorff Ola , Björk Jonas , Dahlin Jakob , Hamnerius Nils , Hauksson Inese , Isaksson Marléne , Lejding Tina , Pontén Ann , Svedman Cecilia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundContact allergy to oxidized (ox.) linalool and ox. limonene has been reported to have a high prevalence, raising the question of inclusion into the baseline series. However, several important issues should be clarified and further investigated before inclusion can be warranted.ObjectivesTo report the trends of ox. terpenes allergy in patients with dermatitis, features of the patch test reactions, and clinical characteristics of the patients.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 5773 patients was performed. All patients were patch tested with baseline series, individual ingredients of fragrance mix I and II, ox. linalool, and ox. limonene from 2013 to 2020.ResultsThe prevalence rates of contact allergy to ox. linalool and ox. limonene were 7.0% and 5.1%, respectively. Significantly increasing trends of contact allergy were observed. More than 95% of contact allergy cases were identified on Day 3/4. Patients with contact allergy to ox. linalool and ox. limonene were significantly younger than those with contact allergy to other fragrances and were predominantly female. Strong reactions were associated with older age and multiple fragrance allergies.ConclusionsContact allergy to ox. linalool and ox. limonene is becoming increasingly important, and findings show intriguing features. More studies concerning the clinical relevance before recommending these substances for screening are required.