bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of an Improved DCGAN for Image GenerationApplication of an Improved DCGAN for Image Generation
Authors: Liu Bingqi , Lv Jiwei , Fan Xinyue , Luo Jie , Zou Tianyi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of deep learning, image generation technology has become one of the current hot research areas. A deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN) can better adapt to complex image distributions than other methods. In this paper, based on a traditional generative adversarial networks (GANs) image generation model, first, the fully connected layer of the DCGAN is further improved. To solve the problem of gradient disappearance in GANs, the activation functions of all layers of the discriminator are LeakyReLU functions, the output layer of the generator uses the Tanh activation function, and the other layers use ReLU. Second, the improved DCGAN model is verified on the MNIST dataset, and simple initial fraction (ISs) and complex initial fraction (ISc) indexes are established from the two aspects of image quality and image generation diversity, respectively. Finally, through a comparison of the two groups of experiments, it is found that the quality of images generated by the DCGAN model constructed in this paper is 2.02 higher than that of the GANs model, and the diversity of the images generated by the DCGAN is 1.55 higher than that of GANs. The results show that the improved DCGAN model can solve the problem of low-quality images being generated by the GANs and achieve good results.
Network Perspective: Knowledge and Use of Natural Medical Resources and Urbanization
Authors: Machado Sara Tavares de Sousa , Lima Cícera Norma Fernandes , Bandeira Paulo Felipe Ribeiro , Batista Paulo Ricardo , Machado Heitor Tavares de Sousa , Araujo Isaac Moura , Bezerra Daniel Souza , de Alencar Cícero Damon Carvalho , Delmondes Gyllyanderson de Araújo , Barros Luiz Marivando , Kerntopf Marta Regina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In view of the society development and the populational growth, significant transformations in local regional customs are occurring, so that, the use, management and preparation of medicinal natural resources are being significantly altered. Thus, it is essential the development of methods to recognise how and for what reasons the habit of using these resources is being left behind. The present study aims to analyse the existence of an exclusion relationship between traditional knowledge and urbanization in the different sample strata. The research was developed in Crato, Ceará. For data collection, the stratification method and the snow ball technique were used, having as instruments, sociodemographic forms and semi-structured interviews. The results were analysed in a qualitative and quantitative way, using descriptive-associative statistics. The study sample consisted of 125 people of both sexes, living in the strata drawn, aged between 18 and 80. As for the socioeconomic profile, most of the interviewees are female, married and low educational attainment. Evaluating the correlations between the variables that involve the central objective of this work (location and knowledge), it was possible to notice a weak and negative correlation, so that the higher the urbanization level, the lower the knowledge. Therefore, the place has the role of defining popular knowledge about natural resources used as therapeutic products. In short, it is concluded that ethnobiological knowledge is present, however, it has been modified with the acquisition of new knowledge, due to the cultural dynamics of metamorphic societies.
Corn Diseases Recognition Method Based on Multi-feature Fusion and Improved Deep Belief Network
Authors: Fan Xiangpeng , Zhou Jianping , Xu Yan , Yang Jingjing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The automatic monitoring timely and accurately of crop diseases has become an important research field in precision agriculture. Aiming at the low application rate of crop disease identification models in real field environment, a disease identification method based on multi-feature fusion and improved deep belief network was proposed. We Obtained representative samples in field conditions, then we augmented the data set. K-means clustering segmentation and morphological corrosion processing were utilized to obtain segmentation maps with clear boundaries and low noises. Then color features, shape features and textures of disease images were extracted respectively and they were fused to normalize as input data. A corn disease recognition model based on deep belief network was designed, using labeled and unlabeled dual hidden layer network structure to investigate the DBN hidden layer node combination mode. We obtained the optimal hidden layer node number combination method for disease classification: [26,85,29,4]. The accuracy of optimal DBN was 92.79%. On this basis, the deep belief network recognition model was optimized by particle swarm optimization algorithm for further performance enhancement. The experiment indicated that recognition effect using multi-feature fusion as input vectors was better than a single feature. The updated PSO-DBN reached the accuracy of 96.65%, which had a faster convergence speed and higher recognition accuracy of 3.86% than the standard DBN. Compared with state-of-the-art methods including SVM, ANN and CNN models, the proposed method can effectively dig deep digital features of disease areas or lesions and has the best performance, which could meet the needs of intelligent identification of field diseases.
Tense operators on frameable equality algebras
Authors: Ghorbani Shokoofeh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Abstract: In this paper, we introduce the frameable equality algebras and use the concept of tense operators on them to define tense equality algebras. We investigate some algebraic properties of tense equality algebras and prove the representation theory for strict strong tense equality algebras. Then we introduce the notions of (prime) tense deductive systems and tense congruences and obtain some structural theorems.
On the influence of heat treatment in suppressing the layer orientation effect in finishing of electron beam melted Ti6Al4V
Authors: Dabwan Abdulmajeed , Anwar Saqib , Al-Samhan Ali M. , Nasr Mustafa M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Electron beam melting (EBM) is gaining more interest due to its near-net-shape production and ability to process difficult to manufacture materials, such as titanium alloys. However, due to the poor surface quality of the EBM parts, finishing operations, such as machining, are required. The main issue in the finishing of the EBM parts is their directional properties that lead to different surface roughness values for different part orientations for the same employed machining parameters. In this study, EBM Ti6Al4V parts were subjected to heat treatment to suppress the effect of the part/layers’ orientations effect during the finish milling process. Three different heat treatments were employed to the as-fabricated EBM Ti6Al4V parts. The fine lamellar microstructure was set as a target from the heat treatment due to its overall superior mechanical properties and also, to keep a fair comparison in the machining of the as-fabricated and heat-treated EBM Ti6Al4V parts. The results of the heat treatments showed that the EBM Ti6Al4V parts heated at 600°C for 3 hours and then air-cooled exhibited the same fine lamellar microstructure and microhardness as that of the as-fabricated EBM parts. The other two heat treatments including heating at 950°C and 800°C for 2 hours followed by air cooling were not able to maintain the fine lamellar structure due to the increase in the width of the alpha grains. The as-fabricated and heat-treated EBM Ti6Al4V parts were subjected to the milling operation by considering the three possible parts/layers orientation with respect to the tool feed directions. The milling results showed that the as-fabricated parts showed up to a 27% difference in surface roughness for different part orientations. In contrast, the heat-treated parts showed uniform surface roughness for the three part orientations with a variation of 8%. Similarly, considerable differences were observed in the surface integrity and the machined surface microhardness (18%) of the as-fabricated EBM parts as compared to the heat-treated parts) 2%). The heat-treated parts showed more uniform and superior surface morphology across all the part orientations. This is because of the more uniform microstructure, less porosity, higher consolidation of the EBM layers, and elimination of the columnar grains in the case of the heat-treated parts as compared to the EBM parts. This study revealed that in the case of the heat-treated EBM part the effect of part orientation with respect to milling tool feed direction was almost removed.
Long-term intermittent cold exposure affects peri-ovarian adipose tissue and ovarian microenvironment in rats
Authors: Zhang Li , An Gaihong , WU Shuai , Wang Jing , Yang Danfeng , Zhang Yongqiang , Li Xi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of cold exposure on peri-ovarian adipose tissue (POAT) and the relationship between POAT changes and ovarian function, to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms associated with cold exposure-induced changes in female reproductive health. Methods: Twenty female rats with regular estrus cycles were randomly divided into two groups: (1) the cold exposure group, which was exposed to –10°C, for 4 hours/day, for two weeks, and (2) the control group, which was maintained at 23 ± 1°C. Results: Cold exposure can increase serum E2 and FSH levels, and reduce AMH hormone levels, and cause the numbers of primary and secondary follicles in the cold-exposed group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Meanwhile, cold-stress-induced browning-related genes, including UCP1, PGC -1a, PRDM16, Fndc5 were upregulated in POAT, and the number of mitochondria in the cold-exposed group was significantly increased. Under cold exposure, the level of adipokines, including APDN, Lep, AMPK were significantly upregulated in POAT. FST was also upregulated in POAT, whereas MST, an AMPK inhibitor, was downregulated. The E2 synthesis rate-limiting-enzymes Cyplla1 and Cyp19 were upregulated in POAT. Conclusion: Cold exposure caused abnormal follicle development and promoted the browning of POAT. POAT browning was accompanied by the activation of the AMPK-PGC1α-Fndc5 pathway.
Mechanism of nanodiamonds in the lapping of magnetic heads
Authors: Jiang Xionghua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nanodiamond, as the main component of slurry in the precision lapping process of magnetic heads, plays an important role on its surface quality. This paper studies the mechanism of nanodiamond embedded into Sn plate in the lapping process. The embedded pressure satisfies, and the embedded depth satisfies. The above formulas are deduced from establishment of mathematical and physical models. AFM, SEM and AES are used to carry out surface quality detection and analysis of disk head. Results show that, both black spots on the surface and the removal rate have an important relationship with the nanodiamond. The experiments based on slurries with three different diameters(50 nm, 70 nm and 100 nm respectively)of nanodiamond are conducted, and the results show a better removal rate can be obtained with 100nm diamond embedded in the plate (21 nm·min− 1).
Dynamic Analysis of Emergency Inter-organizational Communication Network under Public Health Emergency ： A case study of COVID-19 in Hubei Province of China
Authors: Lu Yunmeng , Liu Tiezhong , Wang Tiantian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Public health emergencies, especially major infectious diseases, may cause global crises. Timely and effective communication is essential for response to such incidents. However, the emergency response to such incidents usually lasts longer and break out repeatedly, and the existing static emergency communication network (ECN) analysis cannot fully reflect the dynamic information interaction between organizations during the emergency process. Therefore, this article takes the recent COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei, China as a case, and uses social network analysis (SNA) to reveal the dynamic evolution of communication networks, organizational positions, roles, and organizational tasks from the time dimension. The results show that: (1) The ECN has changed from concentrated to decentralized over time; (2) The positions and roles of participating organizations in the ECN has changed, but there are still a few key organizations that at the central position in all phases of emergency communication; (3) The core tasks have changed due to emergency needs at each stage; (4) Under the concentrated management system, the core organization of the ECN mainly comes from government organizations. The research results reveal the dynamic evolution of communication networks between different types of emergency organizations, which is beneficial to guide emergency management of public health emergencies. In actual emergency, the emergency communication mode should be dynamically adjusted based on the characteristics of the emergency situation at different stages, comprehensively using the advantages of the concentrated and decentralized emergency network. In addition, communication between different types of organizations such as governments, research institutions, and enterprises should be strengthened, and channels for diversified organizations to participate in emergency communication should be set up. The research helps to improve communication between emergency response organizations and is of great significance to controlling and reducing the harm caused by public health emergencies.
Predictors and Treatment Strategies of Intraprocedural Rupture in Intracranial Aneurysms: A Single-Center Experience with 2302 Patients
Authors: Liu Heng-Jian , Lin Yuan , Kong Xiang-Yi , Lu Dong-Lin , Feng Yu-Gong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: Intraoperative rupture of an aneurysm is a known risk in the surgical management of intracranial aneurysms. The aim of the present study is to determine the risk factors for IPR.Methods: This study retrospectively examined 2302 patients with intracranial aneurysms treated surgically between December 1996 and July 2019. These patients were categorized into two groups according to whether they exhibited IPR or not: i) The non-IPR group; and ii) the IPR group. Multiple factors, including sex, age, history of SAH, Hunt-Hess grade, Fisher score, operation timing, surgical approach, GOS, size, side, site, number, orientation, morphology and adhesion to surrounding tissue, were analyzed to identify factors associated with IPR.Results: The overall rupture rate was 14.8%. Overall, the number of SAHs (1, ≥2) and aneurysm location (supraclinoid ICA and PICA) were found to be independent risk factors for IPR. This analysis revealed that in the MCA aneurysm database the risk for IPR decreased in patients aged >40 years. Furthermore, the present study identified a progressive increase in the risk of IPR with increasing H-H grade. Finally, in the ACOA aneurysm database the left pterional and coronal craniotomy approach increased the risk for IPR up to 1.99- and 15.153-fold, respectively, compared with the right pterional approach.Conclusions: The number of SAHs (1, ≥2) and aneurysms site (supraclinoid ICA and PICA), age ≤40 years, higher H-H grade and surgical approach (left pterional and coronal craniotomy) seem to be important factors affecting the incidence of IPR.
Reporting ethics approval in health and social sciences articles. An audit of adherence to GDPR and national legislation
Authors: Asplund Kjell , Åsberg Kerstin Hulter 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background. Previous studies have indicated that the failure to report ethics approval is common in health science articles. In social sciences, the occurrence is unknown. The Swedish Ethics Review Act applies to all human research and requests that personal data, as defined by the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), should undergo independent ethical review. We have explored the adherence to this regulation. Methods. Using the Web of Science databases, we reviewed 600 consecutive articles from three domains (health sciences with and without somatic focus and the social sciences) based on identifiable personal data published in 2020. Results. Information on ethical review was lacking in 12 of 200 health science articles with a somatic focus (6%), 21 of 200 health science articles with non-somatic focus (11%), and in 54 of 200 social science articles (27%; p<0.001 vs. both groups of health science articles). Failure to report on ethics approval was more common in (a) observational than in interventional studies (p<0.01), (b) articles with only 1-2 authors (p<0.001) and (c) health science articles from universities without a medical school (p<0.001). There was no significant association between journal impact factor and failure to report ethics approval. Conclusions. We conclude that reporting of research ethics approval is reasonably good, but not strictly adhered to, in health science articles. Failure to report ethics approval is approximately three times more common in the social sciences. Adherence needs to be improved, particularly in observational studies, articles with few authors and social science research.
Complexity of relationship between 2D/3D urban morphology and land surface temperature: A multi-scale perspective
Authors: Liu Yu , Wang Zhipeng , Liu Xuan , Zhang Baolei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Urban morphology is a crucial contributor to urban heat island (UHI) effects. However, few studies have explored the complex effect of 2D/3D urban morphology on UHI from a multi-scale perspective. In this study, We chose the central area of Jinan city, which was commonly known as the “furnace”, as the case study area. novel 2D/3D urban morphology indexes-building coverage ratio (BCR)(for assessing the 2D building density), building volume density (BVD)( for assessing the 3D building density), and the frontal area index (FAI)(for assessing 3D ventilation conditions) were calculated and derived to investigated complexity of relationship between 2D/3D urban morphology and land surface temperature(LST) at different scales using the maximum information coefficient (MIC) and geographically weighted regression (GWR). The results indicated that (1) These newly 2D/3D urban morphology indexes as essential factors that are responsible for LST variation, BCR is the most important urban morphology index affecting the LST, followed by BVD and FAI. Importantly, the relationship between the BCR, BVD, and FAI and the LST was an inverse U-shaped curve. (2) The relationship between 2D/3D urban morphology and LST variation showed a significant scale effect. With increased grid size, the correlation between the BCR, BVD, and FAI and the LST strengthened, “inflection point” of inverse U-shaped curve was significantly declined, and their explanation rate to LST first increased and then decreased, with a maximum value at the 700-m scale. Additionally, the FAI exerted a stronger negative effect, while the BCR and BVD generally had stronger positive effects on LST as the grid size increasing. This study extends our scientific understanding of the complexity effect of urban morphology on LST and is of great practical significance for urban thermal environment regulation at multi-scale.
Assessment of the Relationship Between Red Cell Distribution Width and Brucellosis: A Case-Controlled Study
Authors: Gou Li , Gao Feng , Lan Siqin , Guo Hui 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: As a multisystem infectious disease, there is inflammation, which causes an increase in brucellosis. The red cell distribution width (RDW) has been identified as markers of inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the predictive contribution value of RDW in the diagnosis of brucellosis.Methods: Medical records of 398 patients with brucellosis and 398 age-matched and gender-matched healthy controls in a single center from January 2017 to December 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.Results: The mean age of brucellosis patients was 47.1±12.9 years. The RDW levels were significantly higher in brucellosis group when compared to the control group (p < 0.001); The RDW levels were markedly lower in brucellosis male patients（14.32±2.15%）when compared to the brucellosis female patient（s 15.41±3.13%）(t= -9.56, p < 0.001). The biochemical markers of brucellosis patients included erythrocyte, hemoglobin, HCT, corpuscular volume, hemoglobin, hemoglobin concentration were all negatively correlated with RDW (r = −0.227, -0.383, -0.266, -0.253, -0.311 and -0.225, all p < 0.001). The values of hemoglobin (β coefficient = -0.084, p < 0.001), ESR (β coefficient = -0.020, p = 0.004) were significantly and independently correlated with RDW. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that the best cutoff point for RDW in the diagnosis of brucellosis was 13.45%, which evaluated brucellosis with a sensitivity of 64.1% and a specificity of 83.9%. The area under the ROC curve for RDW was calculated as 0.80 (95% CI 0.769–0.831, P<0.001).Conclusion: This study revealed that the RDW in diagnosing brucellosis had a higher sensitivity and specificity. RDW values may be useful complementary indirect markers for the diagnosis of brucellosis.
Cyclonic Activity In The Mediterranean Region From A High-Resolution Perspective Using Ecmwf Era5 Dataset
Authors: Aragão Leonardo , Porcu' Federico 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study focuses on developing a new Cyclone Detection and Tracking Method (CDTM) to take advantage of the recent availability of a high-resolution reanalysis dataset of ECMWF ERA5. The proposed algorithm is used to perform a climatological analysis of the cyclonic activity in the Mediterranean Region (MR) into a 40-year window (1979–2018). The tuning of the new CDTM was based on the comparison with currently available CDTMs and verified through careful subjective analysis to fully exploit the finer details of MR cyclones features. The application of the new CDTM to the ERA5 high-resolution dataset resulted in an increase of 40% in the annual number of cyclones, mainly associated with subsynoptic and baroclinic driven lows. The main cyclogenetic areas and seasonal cycle were properly identified into the MR context, including areas often underestimated, such as the Aegean Sea, and emerging new ones with cyclogenetic potential such as the coast of Tunisia and Libya. The better cyclone features description defined three distinct periods of cyclonic activity in the MR with peculiar and persistent characteristics. In the first period (Apr-Jun), cyclones develop more frequently and present higher velocities and deepening rates. In the second (Jul-Sep), the cyclonic activity is governed by thermal lows spreading slowly over short tracks without reaching significant depths. In the last and longest season (Oct-Mar), cyclones become less frequent, but with the highest deepening rates and the lowest MSLP values, ranking this period as the most favourable to intense storms.