bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposing a surgical algorithm for graduated orbital decompression in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy
Authors: Stähr Kerstin , Daser Anke , Oeverhaus Michael , Hussain Timon , Lang Stephan , Eckstein Anja , Mattheis Stefan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To determine the outcome after orbital decompression using a graduated technique, adapting the surgical technique according to individual patients’ disease characteristics.

Methods
We retrospectively examined the postoperative outcome in patients treated with a graduated balanced orbital decompression regarding reduction of proptosis, new onset diplopia and improvement in visual function. 542 patients (1018 orbits) were treated between 2012 and 2020 and included in the study. Clinical examinations including visual acuity, exophthalmometry (Hertel) and orthoptic evaluation were performed preoperatively and at minimum 6 weeks postoperatively. Mean follow-up was 22.9 weeks.

Results
Mean proptosis values have significantly decreased after surgery (p < 0.01). In 83.3% of the patients Hertel measurement normalized (≤ 18 mm) after surgery, New onset diplopia within 20° of primary position occurred in 33.0% of patients, of whom 16.0% had preoperative double vision in secondary gaze. Patients suffering from dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) had a significant increase in visual acuity (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
We demonstrated that individually adapted graduated orbital decompression successfully improves key disease parameters of Graves’ orbitopathy with low morbidity.
Electrochemical study on nickel aluminum layered double hydroxides as high-performance electrode material for lithium-ion batteries based on sodium alginate binder
Authors: Li Xinyue , Fortunato Marco , Cardinale Anna Maria , Sarapulova Angelina , Njel Christian , Dsoke Sonia 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNickel aluminum layered double hydroxide (NiAl LDH) with nitrate in its interlayer is investigated as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The effect of the potential range (i.e., 0.01–3.0 V and 0.4–3.0 V vs. Li+/Li) and of the binder on the performance of the material is investigated in 1 M LiPF6 in EC/DMC vs. Li. The NiAl LDH electrode based on sodium alginate (SA) binder shows a high initial discharge specific capacity of 2586 mAh g−1 at 0.05 A g−1 and good stability in the potential range of 0.01–3.0 V vs. Li+/Li, which is better than what obtained with a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)-based electrode. The NiAl LDH electrode with SA binder shows, after 400 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, a cycling retention of 42.2% with a capacity of 697 mAh g−1 and at a high current density of 1.0 A g−1 shows a retention of 27.6% with a capacity of 388 mAh g−1 over 1400 cycles. In the same conditions, the PVDF-based electrode retains only 15.6% with a capacity of 182 mAh g−1 and 8.5% with a capacity of 121 mAh g−1, respectively. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveal a conversion reaction mechanism during Li+ insertion into the NiAl LDH material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and XPS have been combined with the electrochemical study to understand the effect of different cutoff potentials on the Li-ion storage mechanism.
Graphical abstract

The as-prepared NiAl-NO3−-LDH with the rhombohedral R-3 m space group is investigated as a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The effect of the potential range (i.e., 0.01–3.0 V and 0.4–3.0 V vs. Li+/Li) and of the binder on the material’s performance is investigated in 1 M LiPF6 in EC/DMC vs. Li. Ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveal a conversion reaction mechanism during Li+ insertion into the NiAl LDH material. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and XPS have been combined with the electrochemical study to understand the effect of different cutoff potentials on the Li-ion storage mechanism. This work highlights the possibility of the direct application of NiAl LDH materials as negative electrodes for LIBs.
Unraveling the time-dependent relevance of input model uncertainties for a lumped hydrologic model of a pre-alpine karst system
Authors: Bittner Daniel , Richieri Beatrice , Chiogna Gabriele 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUncertainties in hydrologic model outputs can arise for many reasons such as structural, parametric and input uncertainty. Identification of the sources of uncertainties and the quantification of their impacts on model results are important to appropriately reproduce hydrodynamic processes in karst aquifers and to support decision-making. The present study investigates the time-dependent relevance of model input uncertainties, defined as the conceptual uncertainties affecting the representation and parameterization of processes relevant for groundwater recharge, i.e. interception, evapotranspiration and snow dynamic, on the lumped karst model LuKARS. A total of nine different models are applied, three to compute interception (DVWK, Gash and Liu), three to compute evapotranspiration (Thornthwaite, Hamon and Oudin) and three to compute snow processes (Martinec, Girons Lopez and Magnusson). All the input model combinations are tested for the case study of the Kerschbaum spring in Austria. The model parameters are kept constant for all combinations. While parametric uncertainties computed for the same model in previous studies do not show pronounced temporal variations, the results of the present work show that input uncertainties are seasonally varying. Moreover, the input uncertainties of evapotranspiration and snowmelt are higher than the interception uncertainties. The results show that the importance of a specific process for groundwater recharge can be estimated from the respective input uncertainties. These findings have practical implications as they can guide researchers to obtain relevant field data to improve the representation of different processes in lumped parameter models and to support model calibration.
Agroforestry trade-offs between biomass provision and aboveground carbon sequestration in the alpine Eisenwurzen region, Austria
Authors: Bertsch-Hoermann Bastian , Egger Claudine , Gaube Veronika , Gingrich Simone 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Mountain agroecosystems deliver essential ecosystem services to society but are prone to climate change as well as socio-economic pressures, making multi-functional land systems increasingly central to sustainable mountain land use policy. Agroforestry, the combination of woody vegetation with crops and/or livestock, is expected to simultaneously increase provisioning and regulating ecosystem services, but knowledge gaps concerning trade-offs exist especially in temperate industrialized and alpine regions. Here, we quantify the aboveground carbon (C) dynamics of a hypothetical agroforestry implementation in the Austrian long-term socio-ecological research region Eisenwurzen from 2020 to 2050. We develop three land use scenarios to differentiate conventional agriculture from an immediate and a gradual agroforestry implementation, integrate data from three distinct models (Yield-SAFE, SECLAND, MIAMI), and advance the socio-ecological indicator framework Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production (HANPP) to assess trade-offs between biomass provision and carbon sequestration. Results indicate that agroforestry strongly decreases HANPP because of a reduction in biomass harvest by up to − 47% and a simultaneous increase in actual net primary production by up to 31%, with a large amount of carbon sequestered in perennial biomass by up to 3.4 t C ha-1 yr-1. This shows that a hypothetical transition to agroforestry in the Eisenwurzen relieves the agroecosystem from human-induced pressure but results in significant trade-offs between biomass provision and carbon sequestration. We thus conclude that while harvest losses inhibit large-scale implementation in intensively used agricultural regions, agroforestry constitutes a valuable addition to sustainable land use policy, in particular when affecting extensive pastures and meadows in alpine landscapes.
Phase I study of napabucasin in combination with FOLFIRI + bevacizumab in Japanese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Taniguchi Hiroya , Masuishi Toshiki , Kawazoe Akihito , Muro Kei , Kadowaki Shigenori , Bando Hideaki , Iino Shuichi , Kageyama Rie , Yoshino Takayuki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Napabucasin is an oral NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 bioactivatable agent that generates reactive oxygen species, is hypothesised to affect multiple oncogenic cellular pathways, including STAT-3, and is expected to result in cancer cell death. This phase I study investigated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of napabucasin co-administered with fluorouracil, l-leucovorin, and irinotecan (FOLFIRI) chemotherapy plus bevacizumab in Japanese patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods
Patients with histologically confirmed unresectable stage IV CRC received oral napabucasin 240 mg twice daily (BID). Intravenous FOLFIRI and bevacizumab therapy was initiated on day 3 at approved doses. Unacceptable toxicity was evaluated over the first 30 days of treatment, after which treatment continued in 14-day cycles until toxicity or disease progression. Endpoints included safety, pharmacokinetics, and tumour response based on RECIST v1.1.

Results
Four patients received treatment; three were evaluable during the unacceptable toxicity period. All four patients experienced diarrhoea and decreased appetite (considered napabucasin-related in four and two patients, respectively), and three patients experienced neutrophil count decreased. No unacceptable toxicity was reported during the 30-day evaluation period. No grade 4 events, deaths, or serious adverse events were reported. The addition of FOLFIRI and bevacizumab to napabucasin did not significantly change the pharmacokinetic profile of napabucasin; however, results were variable among patients. The best overall response was stable disease in two patients (50.0%).

Conclusions
Napabucasin 240 mg BID in combination with FOLFIRI and bevacizumab was tolerated, with a manageable safety profile in Japanese patients with metastatic CRC.
Singularities of solutions of time dependent Hamilton-Jacobi equations. Applications to Riemannian geometry
Authors: Cannarsa Piermarco , Cheng Wei , Fathi Albert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIf $U:[0,+\infty [\times M$
U
:
[
0
,
+
∞
[
×
M
is a uniformly continuous viscosity solution of the evolution Hamilton-Jacobi equation $$ \partial _{t}U+ H(x,\partial _{x}U)=0, $$

∂
t

U
+
H
(
x
,

∂
x

U
)
=
0
,
where $M$
M
is a not necessarily compact manifold, and $H$
H
is a Tonelli Hamiltonian, we prove the set $\Sigma (U)$
Σ
(
U
)
, of points in $]0,+\infty [\times M$
]
0
,
+
∞
[
×
M
where $U$
U
is not differentiable, is locally contractible. Moreover, we study the homotopy type of $\Sigma (U)$
Σ
(
U
)
. We also give an application to the singularities of the distance function to a closed subset of a complete Riemannian manifold.
AMBITION – comet nucleus cryogenic sample return
Authors: Bockelée-Morvan D. , Filacchione Gianrico , Altwegg Kathrin , Bianchi Eleonora , Bizzarro Martin , Blum Jürgen , Bonal Lydie , Capaccioni Fabrizio , Choukroun Mathieu , Codella Claudio , Cottin Hervé , Davidsson Björn , De Sanctis Maria Cristina , Drozdovskaya Maria N. , Engrand Cécile , Galand Marina , Güttler Carsten , Henri Pierre , Herique Alain , Ivanovski Stavro , Kokotanekova Rosita , Levasseur-Regourd Anny-Chantal , Miller Kelly E. , Rotundi Alessandra , Schönbächler Maria , Snodgrass Colin , Thomas Nicolas , Tubiana Cecilia , Ulamec Stephan , Vincent Jean-Baptiste 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe describe the AMBITION project, a mission to return the first-ever cryogenically-stored sample of a cometary nucleus, that has been proposed for the ESA Science Programme Voyage 2050. Comets are the leftover building blocks of giant planet cores and other planetary bodies, and fingerprints of Solar System’s formation processes. We summarise some of the most important questions still open in cometary science and Solar System formation after the successful Rosetta mission. We show that many of these scientific questions require sample analysis using techniques that are only possible in laboratories on Earth. We summarize measurements, instrumentation and mission scenarios that can address these questions. We emphasize the need for returning a sample collected at depth or, still more challenging, at cryogenic temperatures while preserving the stratigraphy of the comet nucleus surface layers. We provide requirements for the next generation of landers, for cryogenic sample acquisition and storage during the return to Earth. Rendezvous missions to the main belt comets and Centaurs, expanding our knowledge by exploring new classes of comets, are also discussed. The AMBITION project is discussed in the international context of comet and asteroid space exploration.
Is There a General Factor of Spiritual Intelligence? Factorial Validity of the Polish Adaptation of Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory
Authors: Atroszko Paweł A. , Skrzypińska Katarzyna , Balcerowska Julia M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn recent years, spirituality and the meaning of life are becoming increasingly important variables in the study of well-being, health, and happiness. The concept of spiritual intelligence (SI) was suggested as a potentially significant construct expanding our understanding of psychological determinants of human functioning. The aim of this paper was to investigate the factorial validity of the Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI; King, 2008) in the context of research on a general factor of spiritual intelligence as a psychological construct. The SISRI was administered to 833 adults in Poland. A four-factor solution with one second-order factor of spiritual intelligence provided an inadequate solution. A four-factor solution with correlated factors and a reduced number of items provided an adequate fit to the data. It is concluded that so far, no data are supporting a single factor of SI measured by SISRI-24, and previous studies, including the original study, show that the measurement with this scale is highly problematic. Without a strong theory and proper measurement, the development of this highly promising area of research may be hindered.
Bayesian inference of root architectural model parameters from synthetic field data
Authors: Morandage Shehan , Laloy Eric , Schnepf Andrea , Vereecken Harry , Vanderborght Jan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background and aims
Characterizing root system architectures of field-grown crops is challenging as root systems are hidden in the soil. We investigate the possibility of estimating root architecture model parameters from soil core data in a Bayesian framework.

Methods
In a synthetic experiment, we simulated wheat root systems in a virtual field plot with the stochastic CRootBox model. We virtually sampled soil cores from this plot to create synthetic measurement data. We used the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) DREAM(ZS) sampler to estimate the most sensitive root system architecture parameters. To deal with the CRootBox model stochasticity and limited computational resources, we essentially added a stochastic component to the likelihood function, thereby turning the MCMC sampling into a form of approximate Bayesian computation (ABC).

Results
A few zero-order root parameters: maximum length, elongation rate, insertion angles, and numbers of zero-order roots, with narrow posterior distributions centered around true parameter values were identifiable from soil core data. Yet other zero-order and higher-order root parameters were not identifiable showing a sizeable posterior uncertainty.

Conclusions
Bayesian inference of root architecture parameters from root density profiles is an effective method to extract information about sensitive parameters hidden in these profiles. Equally important, this method also identifies which information about root architecture is lost when root architecture is aggregated in root density profiles.
Non-metallic Inclusions in Different Ferroalloys and Their Effect on the Steel Quality: A Review
Authors: Wang Yong , Karasev Andrey , Park Joo Hyun , Jönsson Pär G. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Ferroalloys have become increasingly important due to their indispensable role in steelmaking. In addition, the demand for improved steel qualities has increased considerably, which in turn highlights the quality of ferroalloys. This is due to the fact that the impurities in ferroalloys directly and significantly influence the quality of steel products. To gain a better understanding of the main trace elements and inclusions in ferroalloys (such as FeSi, FeMn, SiMn, FeTi, FeCr, FeMo, FeNb, FeV, FeB, some complex ferroalloys) and their behaviours in steel melt after the additions of these ferroalloys, information from a large number of previous results on this topic was extensively reviewed in this work. The applications of different ferroalloys and their production trends were discussed. In addition, the effects of some trace element impurities from ferroalloys on the inclusion characteristics in steel were also discussed. The possible harmful inclusions in different ferroalloys were identified. Overall, the results showed that the inclusions present in ferroalloys had the following influence on the final steel cleanliness: (1) MnO, MnS and MnO–SiO2–MnS inclusions from FeMn and SiMn alloys have a temporary influence on the steel quality; (2) the effect of large size SiO2 inclusions (up to 200 μm) in FeSi and FeMo alloys on the steel cleanliness is not fully understood. The effect of Al, Ca contents should be considered before the addition of FeSi alloys. In addition, Al2O3 inclusions and relatively high Al content are commonly found in FeTi, FeNb and FeV alloys due to their production process. This information should be paid more attention to when these ferroalloys are added to steel; (3) except for the existing inclusions in these alloys, the Ti-rich, Nb-rich, V-rich carbides and nitrides, which have important effects on the steel properties also should be studied further; and (4) specific alloys containing REM oxides, Cr–C–N, Cr–Mn–O, Al2O3, Al–Ti–O, TiS and Ti(C, N) have not been studied enough to enable a judgement on their influence on the steel cleanliness. Finally, some suggestions were given for further studies for the development of ferroalloy productions.
Application of interpolation methods for the determination of position-dependent frequency response functions for the simulation of 5-axis milling processes
Authors: Wilck I. , Wirtz A. , Biermann D. , Wiederkehr P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe occurrence of chatter vibrations in 5-axis milling processes is a common problem and can result in part failure, surface defects and increased wear of the cutting tool and the machine tool. In order to prevent process vibrations, machining processes can be optimized by utilizing geometric physically-based simulation systems. Since the modal parameters of the machine tool are dependent on the position of the linear and rotary axes, the dynamic behavior of milling processes can change along the NC path despite constant engagement conditions. In order to model the pose-dependent modal properties at the tool tip, the frequency response functions (FRFs) were measured at different locations of the workspace of the machine tool for various poses of the rotary axis of the spindle. To take the varying compliance within the workspace of a machine tool into account in a geometric physically-based milling process simulation, different interpolation methods for interpolating FRFs or parameter values of oscillator-based compliance models (OPV) were applied. For validation, the resulting models were analyzed and compared to measured data. In OPV interpolation, the individual oscillation modes were interpolated in their respective characteristics based on the oscillator parameters (eigenfrequencies, modal masses and damping values). In FRF interpolation, however, there was no differentiation between the modes, resulting in a wrong interpolation. It can therefore provide good results when only a small shift of the eigenfrequencies is expected, as in case of the analyzed machine tool, with only small movements of the translatory axes.
Inanspruchnahme von Angeboten der Extremismusprävention
Authors: Allroggen Marc , Rau Thea 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungMaßnahmen der Extremismusprävention in Deutschland erfolgen durch eine Vielzahl von staatlichen und zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteuren. Bislang liegen jedoch keine systematischen Untersuchungen vor, wie diese in der Allgemeinbevölkerung bekannt sind und angenommen werden. Die vorliegende bevölkerungsrepräsentative Studie geht der Frage nach, wie häufig die Allgemeinbevölkerung Rat und Hilfe zum Thema Extremismus gesucht hat, und bei welchen Anlaufstellen. Sofern bislang kein Bedarf an Beratung bestand, wurden präferierte Anlaufstellen im Falle eines Beratungsbedarfs erfragt. In beiden Fällen werden eher unspezifische Anlaufstellen wie Erziehungsberatungsstellen gewählt, aber auch Sicherheitsbehörden. Weniger häufig werden spezialisierte Fachberatungsstellen genannt. Es finden sich zudem Unterschiede bei den bevorzugten Unterstützungsangeboten in Bezug auf Alter, Geschlecht, politische Orientierung sowie Haushaltseinkommen und Bildungsstatuts. Die Studie zeigt, dass Fachberatungsstellen noch stärker in das Bewusstsein der Öffentlichkeit treten müssen, um im Bedarfsfall angesprochen werden zu können. Zudem gibt sie Hinweise darauf, dass es eine gute Vernetzung verschiedener Anlaufstellen benötigt, um Menschen mit Beratungsbedarf situationsangemessen beraten zu können.
Medikamentöse Behandlung von Menschen mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen in der forensischen Nachsorge
Authors: Voß Tatjana , Calvano Daniela , Vogel Joanna 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Artikel präsentiert empirische Daten sowie drei Fallbeispiele zur medikamentösen Behandlung von Menschen mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen und komorbiden Störungen in der forensischen Nachsorge. In einer Studie wurden Daten von insgesamt 117 Patienten der Forensisch-Therapeutischen Ambulanz in Berlin ausgewertet. Die Stichprobe zeigte mit 60 % eine hohe Prävalenz von Persönlichkeitsstörungen, wobei die dissoziale und die narzisstische Persönlichkeitsstörung bei Weitem den größten Anteil stellten. Gehäufte Komorbiditäten bestanden für Suchterkrankungen und Paraphilien. Die Personen, bei denen die Diagnose einer Persönlichkeitsstörung vorlag, wurden in 60 % der Fälle medikamentös behandelt. In Bezug auf die Dauer der Therapie bis zum Stichtag im Dezember 2020 sowie die Anzahl der Krisen und Weisungsverstöße im Jahr 2020 ließen sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede im Vergleich zu Patienten mit anderen Störungsbildern feststellen. Die drei Fallberichte beschreiben Personen, die Sexualstraftaten begangen haben. Für sie bedeutete die kombinierte psychopharmakologische Behandlung aus Antiandrogenen und Psychopharmaka eine wirksame Unterstützung im Rahmen des spezifischen Gesamtbehandlungsplans in der forensischen Nachsorge. Die erhobenen Daten und Fallberichte werden hinsichtlich ihrer praktischen Relevanz für die Arbeit in forensischen Ambulanzen diskutiert.