bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Debunking the argument from queerness
Authors: Kassenberg Erik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccording to moral error theory, there are no ethical facts. Error theorists often defend this view with the metaphysical argument from queerness. This argument purports to show that it is most reasonable to believe that ethical facts do not exist, because such facts are metaphysically queer and explanatorily redundant. This paper argues that even if we assume that ethical facts are metaphysically queer and explanatorily redundant, the argument from queerness does not warrant the rejection of ethical facts. It only shows that it is most reasonable to refrain from believing that ethical facts exist. The argument from queerness therefore merely supports metaethical scepticism: that is, it merely supports agnosticism about the existence of ethical facts. This is cause for optimism, because metaethical scepticism is less of a threat to our moral practice than moral error theory.
Studying race in the field of South Asian religions
Authors: Thomas Sonja 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this commentary, I discuss scholarship on race in study of religion in South Asia. Using my experiences in the field, I look at how and why studies on race are marginalized, dismissed, and/or misread. I argue that without a feminist analysis informed by women of color feminisms and queer of color critique, race scholarship will only continue to be marginalized and/or misread even as the field of South Asian religions tries to center race as an object of analysis. I foreground race and caste power as a way to critique how threads of power run through much of the field of South Asian religions and structures the ways in which scholarship on race is approached (or not). As Asian studies broadly and South Asian Studies specifically creates new avenues for scholarship on race, the study of religion in South Asia must examine how racism is institutionalized within the field.
Evaluation of the Impact of Skewness, Clustering, and Probe Sampling Plan on Aflatoxin Detection in Corn
Authors: Cheng Xianbin , Stasiewicz Matthew J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProbe sampling plans for aflatoxin in corn attempt to reliably estimate concentrations in bulk corn given complications like skewed contamination distribution and hotspots. To evaluate and improve sampling plans, three sampling strategies (simple random sampling, stratified random sampling, systematic sampling with U.S. GIPSA sampling schemes), three numbers of probes (5, 10, 100, the last a proxy for autosampling), four clustering levels (1, 10, 100, 1,000 kernels/cluster source), and six aflatoxin concentrations (5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100 ppb) were assessed by Monte‐Carlo simulation. Aflatoxin distribution was approximated by PERT and Gamma distributions of experimental aflatoxin data for uncontaminated and naturally contaminated single kernels. The model was validated against published data repeatedly sampling 18 grain lots contaminated with 5.8–680 ppb aflatoxin. All empirical acceptance probabilities fell within the range of simulated acceptance probabilities. Sensitivity analysis with partial rank correlation coefficients found acceptance probability more sensitive to aflatoxin concentration (−0.87) and clustering level (0.28) than number of probes (−0.09) and sampling strategy (0.04). Comparison of operating characteristic curves indicate all sampling strategies have similar average performance at the 20 ppb threshold (0.8–3.5% absolute marginal change), but systematic sampling has larger variability at clustering levels above 100. Taking extra probes improves detection (1.8% increase in absolute marginal change) when aflatoxin is spatially clustered at 1,000 kernels/cluster, but not when contaminated grains are homogenously distributed. Therefore, taking many small samples, for example, autosampling, may increase sampling plan reliability. The simulation is provided as an R Shiny web app for stakeholder use evaluating grain sampling plans.
Conditional distribution regression for functional responses
Authors: Fan Jianing , Müller Hans‐Georg 
Published: March 2021

AbstractModeling conditional distributions for functional data extends the concept of a mean response in functional regression settings, where vector predictors are paired with functional responses. This extension is challenging because of the nonexistence of well‐defined densities, cumulative distributions, or quantile functions in the Hilbert space where the response functions are located. To address this challenge, we simplify the problem by assuming that the response functions are Gaussian processes, which means that the conditional distribution of the responses is determined by conditional mean and conditional covariance. We demonstrate that these quantities can be obtained by applying global and local Fréchet regression, where the local version is more flexible and applicable when the covariate dimension is low and covariates are continuous, while the global version is not subject to these restrictions but is based on the assumption of a more restrictive regression relation. Convergence rates for the proposed estimates are obtained under the framework of M‐estimation. The corresponding estimation of conditional distributions is illustrated with simulations and an application to bike‐sharing data, where predictors include weather characteristics and responses are bike rental profiles. We also show that our methods are applicable to the challenging problem to study functional fragments. Such data are observed in accelerated longitudinal studies and correspond to functional data observed over short domain segments. We demonstrate the utility of conditional distributions in this context by using the time (age) at which a subject enters the domain of a fragment in addition to other covariates as predictor and the function observed over the domain of the fragment as response.
A tectonic model for the Transcontinental Arch: Progressive migration of a Laurentian drainage divide during the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian Sauk Transgression
Authors: Brennan Daniel T. , Mitchell Ross N. , Spencer Christopher J. , Murphy J. Brendan , Li Zheng‐Xiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA widespread provenance shift recorded by passive margin strata of western Laurentia, from predominant Stenian (1.2–1.0 Ga) detrital zircon age components to their absence, occurred during the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian Sauk transgression and is commonly used as a ca. 540 Ma chronostratigraphic marker throughout the west/south‐western United States. However, in Neoproterozoic–Cambrian strata of this region, we identify a probable shift from distal to more proximal Stenian‐age zircon sources before a diachronous loss of Stenian detrital zircon age components. We suggest these provenance patterns reflect progressive subsidence of the passive margins surrounding Laurentia and concomitant relative uplift of the Transcontinental Arch, a broad and segmented northeast–southwest trending topographic high across the Laurentian midcontinent possibly due to lithospheric flexure. The Transcontinental Arch segments align with transverse rift structures of the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian Iapetan margin and the Mesoproterozoic Midcontinent Rift, perhaps reflecting rejuvenation of midcontinent lithospheric weaknesses during the Sauk transgression and final Rodinia breakup.
Insecticide susceptibility of Phlebotomus argentipes sandflies, vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in India
Authors: Dinesh Diwakar S. , Hassan Faizan , Kumar Vijay , Kesari Shreekant , Topno Roshan K. , Yadav Rajpal S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesIndoor residual spraying (IRS) with insecticides is the main vector control intervention for the elimination of visceral leishmaniasis in India. After a change in IRS policy in 2015 due to widespread resistance of Phlebotomus argentipes to DDT, IRS with DDT was replaced with alpha‐cypermethrin IRS in 2016. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the susceptibility of P. argentipes to DDT and its alternatives, namely malathion and pirimiphos‐methyl (organophosphates); alpha‐cypermethrin, deltamethrin, lambda‐cyhalothrin and permethrin (pyrethroids), and bendiocarb and propoxur (carbamates), in support of visceral leishmaniasis elimination in India.MethodsPhlebotomus argentipes sandflies were collected from the visceral‐leishmaniasis endemic states of Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal. In the WHO tube tests, the phenotypic susceptibility of F1, 2‐day old, non‐blood fed females were determined against filter papers impregnated with DDT 4%, malathion 5%, pirimiphos‐methyl 0.25%, alpha‐cypermethrin 0.05%, deltamethrin 0.05%, lambda‐cyhalothrin 0.05%, permethrin 0.75%, bendiocarb 0.1% and propoxur 0.1%, which were sourced from Universiti Sains Malaysia. The knockdown of sandflies after 1‐h exposure and mortality at 24 h after the 1‐h exposure period were scored.ResultsMean mortality of P. argentipes 24 h after exposure in tube tests was 22.6% for DDT and ≥ 98% for other insecticide‐impregnated papers tested.ConclusionPhlebotomus argentipes continues to be highly resistant to DDT with no reversal of resistance after DDT's withdrawal from IRS. P. argentipes was fully susceptible to pyrethroid, organophosphate and carbamate insecticides tested. Regular monitoring is warranted for insecticide resistance management in sandfly vectors.
Characterization of CD177‐reactive iso‐ and auto‐antibodies
Authors: Traum Annalena , Hofmann Christine , Haas Sabine , Schmidt Silke , Bein Gregor , Sachs Ulrich J. , Bayat Behnaz 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCD177 is a surface protein on neutrophils and a main mediator for the surface expression of proteinase 3 (PR3). Its functions are largely unknown. At least three types of antibodies have been described to target CD177: isoantibodies, which are formed in CD177‐null individuals as a result of an immune reaction following transfusion or pregnancy; autoantibodies present in sera from patients with autoimmune neutropenia; and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in sera from patients with glomerulonephritis with polyangiitis. In this study, we aimed to compare the binding characteristics of auto‐ and iso‐antibodies to optimize their detectability in the neutrophil serology laboratory.Study Design and MethodsThe reactivity of iso‐ and auto‐antibodies against CD177 was studied using granulocytes, “native” CD177/PR3 complex, and recombinant CD177 or PR3.ResultsAll iso‐ and auto‐antibodies were reactive with CD177/PR3 when immobilized with monoclonal antibody (moab) 7D8. Seventy‐five percent of autoantibodies, but none of the isoantibodies, did not react with CD177/PR3 immobilized with moab MEM166. The majority of autoantibodies did not react with recombinant CD177, whereas most isoantibodies tested positive.DiscussionOur results suggest that iso‐ and auto‐antibodies against CD177 target different epitopes. Isoantibodies mainly target CD177 alone, while the majority of autoantibodies target a native epitope present on the neutrophil surface, but absent from recombinant CD177 which lacks PR3. Moab MEM166 binds to the native epitope and hinders the binding of CD177 autoantibodies. The results may help to design diagnostic strategies, especially for the identification of autoantibodies.
China's ‘Sponge Cities’: The role of constructed wetlands in alleviating urban pluvial flooding
Authors: Zhou Tiantao , Penning‐Rowsell Edmund 
Published: March 2021

AbstractResearch examined constructed wetlands (CWs) in piloting the ‘Sponge City’, a Chinese initiative designed, in part, to curtail extensive urban pluvial flooding. In Yangzhou a small number of exploratory qualitative interviews with relevant professionals elucidated key issues. The interviewees supported the concept of CWs but were uniformly sceptical about their viability. A possible CW in the city was also modelled, quantifying its effects and limitations. Results show that CWs can help attenuate urban flooding but there are important caveats concerning their implementation. These concern their size and capacity, sufficiency of urban space, and their economic sustainability. The political dimension of the Sponge City concept, including support from President Xi Jinping, suggests that CWs may be a distraction from more widespread urban flooding, which CWs may well not alleviate. Piloting is continuing and results will need to be more positive if Sponge Cities can be a strategically important flood attenuation measure.
Economic, Exergy, and Environmental Analyses of the Energy Assessments for U.S. Industries
Authors: Hasan Alaa , Selim Osama M. , Abousabae Mohamed , Amano Ryoichi S. , Otieno Wilkistar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper highlights the expected versus actual outcomes of 152 energy assessments that were performed between 2011 and 2020. The 1317 energy-assessment recommendations (ARs) are grouped into eight categories. This study adopted four measures per each category of recommendations: annual electricity savings, annual gas savings, annual cost savings, and annual CO2 emission reduction. The first part of the analysis compares the expected to the actually implemented values of the measures applied to each recommendation’s category. It was found that the percentages of the actual to the expected electricity, gas, and cost savings are 26.6%, 11.4%, and 17.1%, respectively, while the percentage of the actual to the expected CO2 reduction is 22%. Moreover, the second part of the analysis presents each category's implementation rate and the reasons for rejecting the unimplemented ARs. Cash flow and expensive initial investment resulted in rejecting 25% of ARs. Furthermore, the study proposes techniques and strategies to increase ARs’ implementation rate and improve private energy services companies’ implementation rate. Finally, exergy analysis is added to show the improvement that energy assessment achieves regarding exergy and exergy efficiencies of different industrial applications.
Computational and Experimental Study of the Unsteady Convection of Entropy Waves Within a High-Pressure Turbine Stage
Authors: Pinelli Lorenzo , Marconcini Michele , Pacciani Roberto , Gaetani Paolo , Persico Giacomo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article describes the transport and the interaction of pulsating entropy waves generated by combustor burners within a high-pressure turbine stage for aeronautical application. Experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out in the context of the European Research Project RECORD. Experimental campaigns considering burner-representative temperature fluctuations (in terms of spot shape, fluctuation frequency, and total temperature variation percentage) injected upstream of an un-cooled high-pressure gas turbine stage have been performed in the high-speed closed-loop test rig of the Fluid Machine Laboratory (LFM) of the Politecnico di Milano (Italy). The pulsating entropy waves are injected at the stage inlet in streamwise direction at four different azimuthal positions featuring a 7% overtemperature with respect to the main flow with a frequency of 90 Hz. Detailed time-resolved temperature measurements (in the range of 0–200 Hz) upstream and downstream of the stage, as well as in the stator–rotor axial gap, were performed. Time-accurate CFD simulations with and without entropy fluctuations imposed at the stage inlet were performed with the TRAF code, developed by the Università degli Studi di Firenze (Italy). A numerical postprocessing procedure, based on the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of the conservative variables, has been implemented to extract the low-frequency content connected to the entropy fluctuations. Measurements highlighted a significant attenuation of the entropy wave spot throughout their transport within the stator channel and their interaction with the rotor blade rows, highly depending on their injection azimuthal position. Simulations show an overall good agreement with the experiments on the measurement traverses, especially at the stage outlet. By exploiting the combination of experiments and simulations, the aerodynamic and thermal implications of the temperature fluctuation injected upstream of the stage were properly assessed, thus allowing suggest useful information to the designer. The comparison with the experiments confirms the accuracy of the CFD method to solve the periodic, but characterized by a low-frequency content event, associated with the entropy wave fluctuation.
Integration Methodology for Feature-Based Modeling and Recognition
Authors: Ko Heedong , Park Myon-woong , Kang Hojin , Sohn Youngtae , Kim Hyun Suk 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an integration method that constructs a feature model either by inserting new features or by recognizing features from existing geometric model. The integration is made possible by keeping the feature model data structure that is identical whether constructed by the feature insertion or the recognition. This overcomes the representational mismatch between the procedural feature-based modeling framework and the feature recognition framework. The integrated framework has been implemented as a CADCAM system for mould die manufacturing, which can interactively modify the geometric model by deleting recognized features.
Mass Transport and Particle Transport in an LPCVD Process
Authors: MacGibbon Bruce S. , Busnaina Ahmed A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) processes are used in the microelectronic manufacturing industry. As circuit dimensions decrease, it becomes ever more critical to control the particulate contamination of the wafer during fabrication. To accurately predict the particle motion, and thus minimize contamination, the flow field must be known. This paper outlines the procedure to numerically simulate the velocity, temperature, and concentration fields in a low pressure application. From these solutions, accurate particle trajectories are predicted using a Lagrangian formulation that includes effects of temperature, drag, gravity, and Brownian motion.
Spline Based Design of Cam Contours for Improved Dynamic Performance
Authors: Ault Holly K. , Wilkinson James C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A method for the integrated design and manufacture of radial plate cams is discussed. Currently, a cam-follower system is designed by specifying constraints on the motion of the follower. The physical cam contour or cam pitch curve are not mathematically defined. The cam is manufactured from the discretized follower motion program. A new method for cam design is proposed which will produce a smooth, mathematically defined cam pitch curve while maintaining the proper constraints on the follower motion. Piecewise polynomial functions in the form of rational and/or non-rational splines may be used. Cams will be manufactured using smoothed profiles and tested for improved dynamic performance. The results of initial investigations of cam profile design for this research are presented.
Unbreakable Finite Element Programs
Authors: Roth Peter N. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Contemporary finite element (FE) programs are constructed using the procedural paradigm and the tightly coupled architecture, and can be very large. Mutation of this software is difficult, expensive, and tedious. Smaller programs with equivalent capability can be constructed with the object-oriented paradigm (OOP) and the application framework architecture. These programs are easier and cheaper to modify and maintain.
The paper opens with a discussion of the characteristics of FE programs. Then, using the example of error processing, the OOP concepts of data encapsulation and inheritance are approximated in Fortran. This provides a bridge from the procedural to the object-oriented paradigm.
The OOP concept of polymorphism is illustrated with a four-step approach:
- TProteus, the PC-based object-oriented Application Framework for Finite Elements is presented. This software, and its comprehensive engineering library, was developed to explore OOP.
- the efforts necessary to add an element to a procedural program, and to TProteus, are compared.
- the inner workings of TProteus are revealed to show that polymorphism produces unbreakable software.
- the simultaneous openness and security of the TProteus system is demonstrated by changing the equation solver without accessing the source code.
Intelligent Automatic Mesh Generation for Multichip Modules
Authors: Jog Anagha G. , Grosse Ian R. , Corkill Daniel D. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Currently, the pre-processing stage of finite element analysis is a major stumbling block towards automation of the entire finite element modeling and analysis (FEMA) process. The lack of complete automation of FEMA greatly limits its impact as a design tool. This paper presents a blackboard-based, object-oriented modeling system for intelligent a-priori automatic three dimensional mesh generation. The modeling system enables the user to define the physical system at a natural domain-specific high level of abstraction and automatically derives lower-level finite element model representations. Knowledge sources interact with the blackboard to make modeling idealizations and select optimal meshing strategies. An example application in the domain of finite element modeling of multi-chip module microelectronic devices is presented.
Determination of Air Temperature Distribution in the Annular Space Using Finite Difference Method
Authors: Kosasih Engkos Achmad , Koestoer Raldi Artono 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This papers discusses air temperature distribution in the annular space on forced convection of turbulent air flow, which have been determined using numerical method, and compares the result with experimental data.
Partial Differential Equations are presented in the final formulation, whereas turbulent flow model applied the simple algebraic model. These equations are changed into numerical equations by means of Finite Difference Method, in the form of explicit equation systems. The steps for solving these systems will be discussed.
The comparison between numerical solutions and experimental data shows a good result especially in the fully developed region of the air flow.
Towards a Symbolic Math CAD/CAM System
Authors: Trias Tom , Kyaw Myo , Thompson Darren , Leff Laurence , Malik Z. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We have written two pieces of software that are necessary for mechanical engineering design and analysis. These are a CAD-CAM system using Constructive Solid Geometry and a finite element analysis system. Both are unique in that they are written in the symbolic math system MAPLE. All entities in each of these programs are entered symbolically. For example, in the CSG system, we talk about a square whose dimensions are a, b and side1. In the finite element analysis, we talk about a symbolic representation for a regular grid. This scheme has advantages over conventional finite element analysis and Constructive Solid Geometry approaches.
Finite Element Analysis of Magnetohydrodynamic Pump Flow
Authors: Berry K. J. , Cameron T. M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) parametric study of 2D Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) pump flow is presented. The analysis assumes steady, viscous, incompressible fluid flow in the presence of a magnetic field applied normal to the plane of motion. The fluid is electrically conducting and the analysis is applicable to the design and performance evaluation of DC electromagnetic MHD pumps.
The primitive variable Galerkin finite element approach is used to discretize the complete Navier-Stokes equations governing fluid motion which are coupled to both the Maxwell’s equations governing electromagnetic fields, and the conservation of energy equation governing the temperature field. Analysis variables include: velocity; pressure; temperature; voltage; electric field; magnetic flux; current density and pump efficiency. These variables are evaluated for low to moderate values of the magnetic interactive parameter. The velocity field distortion is compared to other numerical results and insight into solution convergence difficulties is presented.