bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling the Hα Emission Surrounding Spica Using the Lyman Continuum from a Gravity-darkened Central Star
Authors: Aufdenberg Jason P. , Hammill Joseph M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The large, faint Hα emission surrounding the early B-star binary Spica has been used to constrain the total hydrogen recombination rate of the nebula and indirectly probe the Lyman continuum luminosity of the primary star. Early analysis suggested that a stellar atmosphere model, consistent with Spica A’s spectral type, has a Lyman continuum luminosity about two times lower than required to account for the measured Hα surface brightness within the nebula. To more consistently model both the stellar and nebular emission, we have used a model atmosphere for Spica A that includes the effects of gravity darkening as input to photoionization models to produce synthetic Hα surface brightness distributions for comparison to data from the Southern Hα Sky Survey Atlas. This paper presents a method for the computation of projected surface brightness profiles from 1D volume emissivity models and constrains both stellar and nebular parameters. A mean effective temperature for Spica A of ≃24,800 K is sufficient to match both the observed absolute spectrophotometry, from the far-UV to the near-IR, and radial Hα surface brightness distributions. Model hydrogen densities increase with the distance from the star, more steeply and linearly toward the southeast. The northwest matter-bounded portion of the nebula is predicted to leak ∼17% of Lyman continuum photons. Model H ii region column densities are consistent with archival observations along the line of sight.
An IFU View of the Active Galactic Nuclei in MaNGA Galaxy Pairs
Authors: Jin Gaoxiang , Dai Y. Sophia , Pan Hsi-An , Lin Lihwai , Li Cheng , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Shen Shiyin , Yuan Fang-Ting , Feng Shuai , Cheng Cheng , Xu Hai , Huang Jia-Sheng , Zhang Kai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The role of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) during galaxy interactions and how they influence the star formation in the system are still under debate. We use a sample of 1156 galaxies in galaxy pairs or mergers (hereafter “pairs”) from the MaNGA survey. This pair sample is selected by the velocity offset, projected separation, and morphology, and is further classified into four cases along the merger sequence based on morphological signatures. We then identify a total of 61 (5.5%) AGNs in pairs based on the emission-line diagnostics. No evolution of the AGN fraction is found, either along the merger sequence or compared to isolated galaxies (5.0%). We observe a higher fraction of passive galaxies in galaxy pairs, especially in the pre-merging cases, and associate the higher fraction to their environmental dependence. The isolated AGN and AGNs in pairs show similar distributions in their global stellar mass, star-formation rate (SFR), and central [O iii] surface brightness. AGNs in pairs show radial profiles of increasing specific SFR and declining Dn4000 from center to outskirts, and no significant difference from the isolated AGNs. This is clearly different from star-forming galaxies (SFGs) in our pair sample, which show enhanced central star formation, as reported before. AGNs in pairs have lower Balmer decrements at outer regions, possibly indicating less dust attenuation. Our findings suggest that AGNs are likely follow an inside-out quenching and the merger impact on the star formation in AGNs is less prominent than in SFGs.
Big Three Dragons: A [N ii] 122 μm Constraint and New Dust-continuum Detection of a z = 7.15 Bright Lyman-break Galaxy with ALMA
Authors: Sugahara Yuma , Inoue Akio K. , Hashimoto Takuya , Yamanaka Satoshi , Fujimoto Seiji , Tamura Yoichi , Matsuo Hiroshi , Binggeli Christian , Zackrisson Erik 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We present new Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Band 7 observational results of a Lyman-break galaxy at z = 7.15, B14-65666 (“Big Three Dragons”), which is an object detected in [O iii] 88 μm, [C ii] 158 μm, and dust continuum emission during the epoch of reionization. Our targets are the [N ii] 122 μm fine-structure emission line and the underlying 120 μm dust continuum. The dust continuum is detected with a ∼19σ significance. From far-infrared spectral energy distribution sampled at 90, 120, and 160 μm, we obtain a best-fit dust temperature of 40 K (79 K) and an infrared luminosity of

log

10

(

L

IR

/

L

⊙

)
=
11.6

(12.1) at the emissivity index β = 2.0 (1.0). The [N ii] 122 μm line is not detected. The 3σ upper limit of the [N ii] luminosity is 8.1 × 107
L
⊙. From the [N ii], [O iii], and [C ii] line luminosities, we use the Cloudy photoionization code to estimate nebular parameters as functions of metallicity. If the metallicity of the galaxy is high (Z > 0.4 Z
⊙), the ionization parameter and hydrogen density are

log

10

U
≃
−
2.7
±
0.1

and n
H ≃ 50–250 cm−3, respectively, which are comparable to those measured in low-redshift galaxies. The nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratio, N/O, is constrained to be subsolar. At Z < 0.4 Z
⊙, the allowed U drastically increases as the assumed metallicity decreases. For high ionization parameters, the N/O constraint becomes weak. Finally, our Cloudy models predict the location of B14-65666 on the BPT diagram, thereby allowing a comparison with low-redshift galaxies.
Elementary Composite Binary and Grain Alignment Locked in Dust Growth
Authors: Hu Z. W. , Winarski R. P. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Planets are known to grow out of a star-encircling disk of the gas and dust inherited from an interstellar cloud; their formation is thought to begin with coagulation of submicron dust grains into aggregates, the first foundational stage of planet formation. However, with nanoscale and submicron solids unobservable directly in the interstellar medium (ISM) and protoplanetary disks, how dust grains grow is unclear, as are the morphology and structure of interstellar grains and the whereabouts and form of “missing iron.” Here we show an elementary composite binary in 3D sub-10 nm detail—and the alignments of its two subunits and nanoinclusions and a population of elongated composite grains locked in a primitive cosmic dust particle—noninvasively uncovered with phase-contrast X-ray nanotomography. The binary comprises a pair of oblate, quasi-spheroidal grains whose alignment and shape meet the astrophysical constraints on polarizing interstellar grains. Each member of the pair contains a high-density core of octahedral nanocrystals whose twin relationship is consistent with the magnetite’s diagnostic property at low temperatures, with a mantle exhibiting nanoscale heterogeneities, rounded edges, and pitted surfaces. This elongated binary evidently formed from an axially aligned collision of the two similar composite grains whose core–mantle structure and density gradients are consistent with interstellar processes and astronomical evidence for differential depletion. Our findings suggest that the ISM is threaded with dust grains containing preferentially oriented iron-rich magnetic nanocrystals that hold answers to astronomical problems from dust evolution, grain alignment, and the structure of magnetic fields to planetesimal growth.
No Pulsar Companion Around the Nearest Low Mass White Dwarf
Authors: Athanasiadis Tilemachos M. , Porayko Nataliya K. , Antoniadis John , Champion David , Wucknitz Olaf , Ciardi Benedetta , Hoeft Matthias , Kramer Michael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
2MASS J050051.85−093054.9 is the closest known low-mass helium-core white dwarf in a binary system. We used three high-band international Low-Frequency Array stations to perform a targeted search for a pulsar companion, reaching sensitivities of ∼3 mJy for a 10 ms pulsar at a DM = 1 pc cm−3. No pulsed signal was detected, confidently excluding the presence of a detectable radio pulsar in the system.
The Domestic Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review
Authors: Rosida Luluk , Mutiara Putri Intan , Komarudin Komarudin , Fajarini Nurbita , Suryaningsih Endang Koni 
Published: December 2021

Introduction The Covid-19 pandemic had brought unexpected challenges in all sectors of life, from the social, economic to health sectors, particularly public health. One of the most worrying effects of Covid-19 is the increase in cases of domestic violence.
Aim : This scoping review was to determine trends in domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic and strategies for handling it

Method The method used in this paper is the Scoping Review study. We searched for relevant articles on 4 databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest and EBSco), in English, published in 2019-2021. Of the 434 articles identified, there were 6 articles that met the inclusion criteria.

Result There were 6 themes we got related to domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely: 1) The number of cases of domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic; 2) Risk factors for domestic violence; 3) Victims and perpetrators of domestic violence; 4) Types of domestic violence; 5) Impact of domestic violence; 6) Strategies for handling domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic.

Conclusion The Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on domestic violence cases, where the majority of victims were women and most of whom experienced recurrent domestic violence. The majority of the articles in this scoping review were quantitative research, we recommend that future research can be examined deeper into the understanding, experiences and needs of victims and perpetrators of domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic including the roles of cross-sectors and obstacles experienced in handling domestic violence in the future. the covid-19 pandemic. The results of this study are expected to provide input in making policies related to the prevention and reduction of domestic violence cases during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Job change by the population in the conditions of precarious work (on the example of the permanent residents of the Republic of Bashkortostan)
Authors: Turakayev Marcel 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this article is to identify the relationship between precarious work and the change of job by residents of the Russian region. Such factors, as work conditions, qualification and educational mobility, economic conditions and confidence in the future influence the change a job. Sociological survey of the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan is the empirical basis of this article. The sample includes three main groups by labor status: employees, unemployed, and self-employed. The sample size is 1 566 people. Unemployed local residents changed their jobs more often than the other groups. This is because many of them regularly change or lose their jobs. Hired workers more often than the other groups moved up and down the career ladder, and changed their field of activity, which is associated with their activity and the instability of working conditions. Self-employed and individual entrepreneurs without employees show weak mobility in the labor market, because they work mainly for themselves. Respondents, who work in private sector, self-employed, have short work experience and temporary employment contract, are highly likely to change their jobs. If respondents satisfied with their income level, have official salary and do not have credit debts, then they will probably not change jobs. Respondents, who want to raise their level of education, improve their qualifications and work in a field of their specialty, tend to change their jobs.
Entre Seine et Sénégal. La Vénus d’Asnières (1924) d’André Reuzé : pour une poétique malicieuse de la relation coloniale
Authors: Lévêque Laure 
Published: December 2021

Roman populaire, La Vénus d’Asnières s’inscrit dans une tradition vivace depuis la mi-XIXe siècle : celle des « ruines de Paris » illustrée par une abondante littérature qui enregistre fictivement la chute de ce Paris dont Walter Benjamin faisait la « capitale du XIXe siècle », autant dire l’épicentre de la civilisation. Le jeter à bas revient à prendre symboliquement acte d’un malaise dans la civilisation qui remet en cause les piliers sur lesquels elle repose au nombre desquels la mystique du progrès, déclinée dans le scientisme comme dans l’expansionnisme colonial. Projetant, conformément aux canons du genre, dans un futur à plus ou moins longue détente la renaissance de la civilisation, ici relevée par l’Afrique de l’ouest, ce roman piquant use de ce décentrement d’une rive à l’autre de la Méditerranée pour détourner et retourner les codes du roman colonial en une traversée du miroir qui ne laisse pas les certitudes ethnocentriques indemnes.
Efficiency of 90-Min Extended EMLA-Induced Stimulated Skin-Wrinkling Test in the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: John Thomas , Mathew Asha Elizabeth 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Previous researchers have used a 30-min eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA) test, which assesses the sympathetically mediated vasomotor function, in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, its specificity was low, limiting its clinical diagnostic utility. In this study, we assessed the efficiency of 90-min extended EMLA-induced stimulated skin-wrinkling (SSW) test in CTS diagnosis.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was designed among patients clinically diagnosed with CTS. Hands of healthy volunteers and the asymptomatic hands of selected patients served as control. The Boston symptom severity scale (SSS) and the neuropathic pain severity inventory (NPSI) were used to assess symptom severity, and nerve conduction study (NCS) was used to assess electrophysiological severity. EMLA-induced SSW was visually graded after 90 min of application and correlated with symptom and NCS severities.

Results:
Forty-two symptomatic hands and 30 asymptomatic hands were enrolled as cases and controls, respectively. The diagnostic efficiency of the extended EMLA test was found to be 83.4% for digit 2 and 87.3% for the lateral 4 digits (mean), whereas the diagnostic efficiency of standard NCS was 88.1%. Boston SSS and NPSI were better correlated with EMLA positivity than NCS positivity. A linear regression analysis showed negative correlation of wrinkling grade with NCS grade.

Conclusion:
With its improved diagnostic efficiency, the 90-min extended EMLA test can feasibly be used as an alternative to NCS, especially in general practice settings. Its potential clinical utility should be explored in a large population of CTS patients showing varying clinical and electrophysiological severities.
Febrile Neutropenia in the Emergency Department
Authors: Simeon Malle , Paul P. Neeraj George , Abhilash Kundavaram Paul Prabhakar 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Febrile neutropenia is one of the most common presentations to the emergency department. Identification and empirical antibiotic therapy improve the outcome of these patients. The objectives of the study are to collect prospective data on febrile neutropenic patients and describe their clinical profile.

Materials and Methods:
The study was conducted at the Emergency Department, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Vellore, from July 2017 to February 2018. After obtaining informed consent, all adult patients who presented with fever and neutropenia were included in the study.

Results:
Of 3778 patients with fever, 101 patients had febrile neutropenia and were included in the study. Males comprised 55.5%. Moderate neutropenia was seen in 30 patients and severe neutropenia was seen in 71 patients. Among the various comorbidities, diabetic patients were more at risk of developing febrile neutropenia (17. 82%). The common organisms isolated were Gram-negative organisms (62. 5%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci and Escherichia coli were the most common organisms. Aplastic anemia was the main diagnosis among those patients with febrile neutropenia (43.76%). The mortality of the febrile neutropenic patients was 1.98%. Overall survival was 96.04%.

Conclusion:
Empirical antibiotic therapy covering the most common organisms should be started early in febrile neutropenia patients.
Classification Criteria for Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Rheumatologist's Practice and Experience
Authors: Gera Chanchal , Muley Arti 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Diagnosis of seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (SNRA) remains difficult because chronic synovitis is nonspecific and is seen in a large number of diseases. Although the 2010 American college of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism criteria enable early detection of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it is not much helpful in identifying seronegative patients.

Objective:
The objective of the study was to suggest classification criteria for SNRA.

Methods:
This was a questionnaire-based study. A validated questionnaire was sent to rheumatologists all over the country to collect data regarding the points which they consider for detecting SNRA. The data so collected were analyzed to identify priority given to each point. Weightage given to these points was used to suggest systematic criteria for classifying SNRA.

Results:
Total 50 rheumatologists participated in the survey. They reported using the presence of inflammatory polyarthritis (62%), elevated acute phase reactants (high erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] - 86% and high C-reactive protein [CRP] - 78%), absence of spondyloarthropathy features (68%), absence of antibodies (rheumatoid factor [RF] – 82% and anticitrullinated protein antibodies [ACPA] – 74%), and chronic infections for detecting SNRA. Based on these results, chronic inflammatory polyarthritis or synovitis confirmed by ultrasonography or magnetic resonance imaging, raised ESR and/or raised CRP, and negative RF and negative RF and ACPA were identified as mandatory criteria, while the absence of SPA features including psoriasis, absence of clinical features of connective tissue diseases, negative Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by Immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and absence of HCV, HBSAg, HIV, TB as well as leprosy (in endemic regions) were identified as supportive criteria.

Conclusion:
We propose classification criteria for SNRA. This needs further validation and could be used for studies and clinical practice in future.
Delayed Presentation to the Urologist by Men with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: Irekpita Eshiobo , Ogbetere Friday , Abdulwahab-Ahmed Abdullahi 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) often present late. This work aims at studying the reasons for delayed presentation to the urologist by men with LUTS.

Materials and Methods:
This is a cross-sectional study. Delay was taken as 5 months of symptoms before consulting the urologist. The predictors assessed were age, occupation, education, number of children, number of brothers, number of wives, participants' location, and reason for delay. The outcome was the proportion of men with symptoms of more than 5 months and the correlation between predictors and outcome variables. Data were analyzed using International Business Machines–Statistical Programming for Social Sciences version 21.Pvalue of 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results:
Three hundred and fifty-four men correctly filled the questionnaires. Finance (12.4%), belief symptoms were due to aging (18.4%), not knowing where to seek help (18.6%), and not knowing the diseases are treatable in the hospital (8.8%) were the reasons for delay. On linear regression analysis, only location (urban or rural) (P = 0.001) of the participants significantly predicted the reasons for delay, while on binary regression analysis, only the number of living brothers (P = 0.53) was close to predicting delay.

Conclusion:
Ignorance, poverty, culture, and beliefs are the factors that determine how long men delay before consulting the urologist.
Impact of a Cross-cultural, inter-professional, Ocular Disease Themed International Elective for Australian Optometry Students – A Pilot Study
Authors: Roy P. Prathiba , Devamani Kiran , Joshua Aarwin , Joshua Giftus , Slecer R. Asha , Susan V. S. Shincy , Lalgudi Sharmili , Rose Jeyanth Suresh 
Published: December 2021

Background:
International electives provide students an opportunity to experience diversity in educational content and the impact of social settings on health-care delivery. Primary eye care provided by optometrists is a crucial aspect of the ocular health chain. Optometrists play a large role in the early diagnosis and prevention of ocular diseases. Knowledge and skill acquisition in ocular diagnostics involving a spectrum of diseases that students have fairly limited exposure to in Urban Australian settings would go a long way in ensuring the wholeness of the optometry curriculum.

Methods:
The International Elective in Tropical Eye Disease and Community Eye care (TEDCE), based in a tertiary teaching eye hospital in South India, intended to impart this body of knowledge. This study is an educational-program evaluation study that assessed the change in knowledge, skills, and attitude of 10 International Optometry Students before and after TEDCE. Knowledge and skill were measured using multiple choice questions (MCQS) and objectively structured clinical examination (OSCE). Attitude OSCEs was quantified using the the readiness for inter-professional learning scale questionnaire.

Results:
The pretest MCQ showed a mean score of 44.40 ± 6.22 and posttest MCQ improved to 51.80 ± 3.85. Similarly, the pretest OSCE showed a mean score of 7.10 ± 1.52 and posttest OSCE improved to 12.05 ± 2.58. Qualitative questionnaire analysis indicated that students had better chance to understand interprofessional benefits and limitations.

Conclusion:
The analysis of the results indicates a positive impact of intervention with respect to knowledge, skills, and attitude gained.
Aggressive pancreatic resections for Frantz tumours in a low-volume Caribbean hospital
Authors: Cawich Shamir O. , Sampath Lian , Sandy Sherrise , Pearce Neil W. , Naraynsingh Vijay 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Frantz tumours are uncommon lesions worldwide and many surgeons would not encounter this lesion commonly throughout their practices.

Aims:
This study sought to document the therapeutic outcomes after pancreatic resections for Frantz neoplasms in a low-volume, resource-poor setting in the Caribbean.

Materials and Methods:
Data were retrospectively collected from patients who had pancreatic resections for Frantz tumours in Trinidad and Tobago between 1 June 2012 and 1 July 2017.

Results:
There were 12 patients with confirmed Frantz tumours, treated by one of four surgeons at a low volume of 0.6 cases per surgeon per year. The patients were all females at a mean age of 24.83 years (standard deviation [SD] ±7.6; Range 8–35; Median 25.5). A Whipple's resection was performed in 1 patient with a pancreatic head lesion, 2 had central pancreatectomies for lesions in the body and 6 had distal pancreatectomies, 2 with splenic preservation. Histologically, clear margins were achieved in all cases and none of the nodes examined contained metastatic disease. Nine (75%) patients had poor prognostic features present on pre-operative computed tomography scans and/or histopathologic examination. The sole complication was a Grade 1 post-operative pancreatic fistula. No deaths were recorded. All patients were alive without disease recurrence after a median of 34 months (Mean 36.75; SD ± 12.8; Range 12–52).

Conclusion:
Surgeons practicing in the Caribbean treat patients with pancreatic Frantz tumours at minimal volumes, performing aggressive resections with good outcomes. We advocate aggressive surgical resections for pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasms, considering that outcomes are good and 75% of patients have unfavourable radiologic and/or histopathologic features present at the time of diagnosis.