bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal characteristics of spin transport in compensated metals with electron–hole exchange interaction
Authors: Sakai Masamichi , Aktar Mst Sanjida , Yoshizumi Toshihiro , Hasegawa Shigehiko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We develop a theory describing spatiotemporal behavior of spin transport in two-band metals by postulating a spin–exchange interaction between electrons and holes. Starting with the semiclassical Boltzmann equation, we derive a system of coupled diffusion equations and solve them analytically under steady-state conditions. The solutions reveal two types of electron–hole coupled-spin transport modes: a dissipative mode and a nondissipative mode with an infinite spin diffusion length. The two modes are the manifestations of two types of spin coupling channels. Besides the exchange interaction, we incorporate into our derivation the relaxation caused by the spin–orbit interaction to show how it affects the spin transport characteristics of the two modes.
Multi-channel monitoring data compression method for industrial robot based on compressed sensing
Authors: Yu Xiaojie , Hu Qiao , Xu Dan , Xie Xingju , Liu Yaohui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
To address the problems of considerable redundancy and weak transmission security of multi-channel real-time vibration monitoring data of industrial robots, in this research a compressed sensing (CS)-based method to compress multi-channel industrial robot monitoring data has been proposed. Firstly, the multi-sensor data of the robot is fused into a comprehensive signal by the cross-correlation function fusion algorithm, which can significantly reduce the signal redundancy among sensors and improve the signal quality. Then, the discrete cosine transform matrix is used for sparse decomposition analysis of the synthetic signal. Finally, CS technology and chaotic matrix are used to encrypt and compress the integrated signal to achieve efficient encryption transmission. The experimental results show that the method can significantly reduce the amount of data transmitted and enhance the encryption performance during transmission without sacrificing helpful information and ensuring signal transmission efficiency and security.
High-efficiency diffraction gratings for EUV and soft x-rays using spin-on-carbon underlayers
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Kazazis Dimitrios , Tseng Li-Ting , Robinson Alex P G , Ekinci Yasin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We report on the fabrication and characterization of high-resolution gratings with high efficiency in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and soft x-ray ranges using spin-on-carbon (SOC) underlayers. We demonstrate the fabrication of diffraction gratings down to 20 nm half-pitch (HP) on Si3N4 membranes with a bilayer of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) and spin-on-carbon and show their performance as a grating mask for extreme ultraviolet interference lithography (EUV-IL). High-resolution patterning of HSQ is possible only for thin films due to pattern collapse. The combination of this high-resolution resist with SOC circumvents this problem and enables the fabrication of high aspect ratio nanostructures. Rigorous coupled-wave analysis shows that the bilayer gratings exhibit higher diffraction efficiency than what is feasible with a grating made of HSQ. We also demonstrate a simple and accurate method to experimentally measure the diffraction efficiency of high-resolution gratings by measuring the relative ratio of the dose-to-clear curves of the photoresist. The measured diffraction efficiencies are in good agreement with the theoretically predicted values. Furthermore, we verify our calculations and measurements by printing line/space patterns in chemically amplified resists down to 10 nm HP with both HSQ and bilayer grating masks using EUV-IL. The improved diffraction efficiency of the bilayers is expected to have applications not only in gratings for interference lithography, but also in Fresnel zone plates and gratings for spectroscopy in the EUV and soft x-ray ranges.
Solvation of NiO
x
for hole transport layer deposition in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Armstrong Peter J , Chandrasekhar P S , Chapagain Sashil , Cline Carmen M , van Hest Maikel F A M , Druffel Thad , Grapperhaus Craig A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A series of nickel oxide (NiO
x
) inks, in the perovskite antisolvent chlorobenzene (CB) containing 15% ethanol, were prepared for the fabrication of p-i-n perovskite solar cells by blade coating. The inks included triethylamine (Et3N) and alkyl xanthate salts as ligands to disperse NiO
x
particle aggregates and stabilize suspension. A total of four inks were evaluated: 0X (Et3N with no alkyl xanthate), 4X (Et3N + potassium n-butyl xanthate), 12X (Et3N + potassium n-dodecyl xanthate), and 18X (Et3N + potassium n-octadecyl xanthate). The inks were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy and FT-IR spectroscopy and the resulting films analyzed by thermogravimetry and scanning electron microscopy. Devices prepared using the 0X ink resulted in a peak power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.47% (0.25 cm2) and 9.96% (1 cm2). The 0X devices showed no significant loss of PCE after 100 days in a nitrogen flow box. Devices prepared with inks containing alkyl xanthate ligand had lower PCE that decreased with decreasing chain length, 18X > 12X > 4X.
Self-force on a charged particle in an external scalar field
Authors: Noble Adam , Burton David A , Docherty Lauren , Jaroszynski Dino A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A charged particle subject to strong external forces will accelerate, and so radiate energy, inducing a self-force. This phenomenon remains contentious, but advances in laser technology mean we will soon encounter regimes where a more complete understanding is essential. The terms ‘self-force’ and ‘radiation reaction’ are often used synonymously, but reflect different aspects of the recoil force. For a particle accelerating in an electromagnetic field, radiation reaction is usually the dominant self-force, but in a scalar field this is not the case, and the total effect of the self-force can be anti-frictional. Aspects of this self-force can be recast in terms of spacetime geometry, and this interpretation illuminates the long-standing enigma of a particle radiating while experiencing no self-force.
Sustained W-melting experiments on actively cooled ITER-like plasma facing unit in WEST
Authors: Corre Y , Grosjean A , Gunn J P , Krieger K , Ratynskaia S , Skalli-Fettachi O , Bourdelle C , Brezinsek S , Bruno V , Chanet N , Coenen J , Courtois X , Dejarnac R , Delmas E , Delpech L , Desgranges C , Diez M , Dubus L , Durif A , Ekedahl A , Fedorczak N , Firdaouss M , Gardarein J-L , Gaspar J , Gerardin J , Guillemaut C , Houry M , Loarer T , Maget P , Mandelbaum P , Mitteau R , Missirlian M , Moreau P , Nouailletas R , Nardon E , Pocheau C , Podolnik A , Reilhac P , Regal-Mezin X , Reux C , Richou M , Rigollet F , Schwob J-L , Thorén E , Tolias P , Tsitrone E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The consequences of tungsten (W) melting on divertor lifetime and plasma operation are high priority issues for ITER. Sustained and controlled W-melting experiment has been achieved for the first time in WEST on a poloidal sharp leading edge of an actively cooled ITER-like plasma facing unit (PFU). A series of dedicated high power steady state plasma discharges were performed to reach the melting point of tungsten. The leading edge was exposed to a parallel heat flux of about 100 MW.m−2 for up to 5 s providing a melt phase of about 2 s without noticeable impact of melting on plasma operation (radiated power and tungsten impurity content remained stable at constant input power) and no melt ejection were observed. The surface temperature of the MB was monitored by a high spatial resolution (0.1 mm/pixel) infrared camera viewing the melt zone from the top of the machine. The melting discharge was repeated three times resulting in about 6 s accumulated melting duration leading to material displacement from three similar pools. Cumulated on the overall sustained melting periods, this leads to excavation depth of about 230 μm followed by a re-solidified tungsten bump of 200 μm in the JxB direction.
Brain-computer interface-based assessment of color vision
Authors: Norton James J S , DiRisio Grace F , Carp Jonathan S , Norton Amanda E , Kochan Nicholas S , Wolpaw Jonathan R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective. Present methods for assessing color vision require the person’s active participation. Here we describe a brain-computer interface-based method for assessing color vision that does not require the person’s participation. Approach. This method uses steady-state visual evoked potentials to identify metamers—two light sources that have different spectral distributions but appear to the person to be the same color. Main results. We demonstrate that: minimization of the visual evoked potential elicited by two flickering light sources identifies the metamer; this approach can distinguish people with color-vision deficits from those with normal color vision; and this metamer-identification process can be automated. Significance. This new method has numerous potential clinical, scientific, and industrial applications.
Closed-loop control of neural spike rate of cultured neurons using a thermoplasmonics-based photothermal neural stimulation
Authors: An Yujin , Nam Yoonkey 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjective.Photothermal neural stimulation has been developed in a variety of interfaces as an alternative technology that can perturb neural activity. The demonstrations of these techniques have heavily relied on open-loop stimulation or complete suppression of neural activity. To extend the controllability of photothermal neural stimulation, combining it with a closed-loop system is required. In this work, we investigated whether photothermal suppression mechanism can be used in a closed-loop system to reliably modulate neural spike rate to non-zero setpoints.Approach. To incorporate the photothermal inhibition mechanism into the neural feedback system, we combined a thermoplasmonic stimulation platform based on gold nanorods (GNRs) and near-infrared illuminations (808 nm, spot size: 2 mm or 200μm in diameter) with a proportional-integral (PI) controller. The closed-loop feedback control system was implemented to track predetermined target spike rates of hippocampal neuronal networks cultured on GNR-coated microelectrode arrays.Main results. The closed-loop system for neural spike rate control was successfully implemented using a PI controller and the thermoplasmonic neural suppression platform. Compared to the open-loop control, the target-channel spike rates were precisely modulated to remain constant or change in a sinusoidal form in the range below baseline spike rates. The spike rate response behaviors were affected by the choice of the controller gain. We also demonstrated that the functional connectivity of a synchronized bursting network could be altered by controlling the spike rate of one of the participating channels.Significance.The thermoplasmonic feedback controller proved that it can precisely modulate neural spike rate of neural activityin vitro. This technology can be used for studying neuronal network dynamics and might provide insights in developing new neuromodulation techniques in clinical applications.
Edge-localized-mode simulation in CFETR steady-state scenario
Authors: Tang T.F. , Xu X.Q. , Li G.Q. , Chen J.L. , Chan V.S. , Xia T.Y. , Gao X. , Wang D.Z. , Li J.G. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The EPED1 model and self-consistent core-pedestal coupling in integrated modeling are used to design the pedestal structure of the China Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor (CFETR) steady-state scenario. The key parameters, such as β
p and q
95, are based on the grassy edge-localized-mode (ELM) experimental database. In this work, we use the BOUT++ six-field two-fluid code to simulate the onset of the ELM in the CFETR steady-state scenario. The ELM size is around 0.2% in nonlinear simulations, which is in the experimental range of the grassy ELM discharges, 0.1%–1% observed in multiple tokamak devices. Linear and nonlinear simulations show that the dominant high-n ballooning modes peak around n = 40. Compared to type-I ELM crashing dynamics, grassy ELM crashing has a smaller initial crash and is then followed by three phases of turbulence spreading, which are dominated by multi-modes, a high-n mode of n = 45 and low-n mode of n = 5, respectively. In contras to type-I ELM, the perturbation of the high-n mode has a narrow width around ψ = 0.95, and magnetic island formation and reconnection occur only beyond ψ = 0.95, leading to a small initial crash. Mode–mode interaction in the multi-mode coexistence stage stops the growth of individual modes and reduces the transport of particles and heat, and these are the two reasons why the ELM size is small. In–out asymmetry of transient heat flux with a ratio of E
out/E
in = 3.5 is found during grassy ELM crash. The rise and delay times of the heat flux match the calculation from the free-streaming model. To evaluate the erosion of the divertor target, the energy fluence at the outer divertor target is calculated, which is 0.029 MJ m−2, 5.5 times smaller than the tungsten melting limit 0.16 MJ m−2. The calculated energy fluency still follows the experimental scaling law from type-I ELM experiments. The fluctuation eddies in the toroidal direction show a filament structure at the outer mid-plane. Parallel heat flux patterns with a toroidal mode number n = 10 are found at the outer divertor with an amplitude of 680 MW m−2.
Effects of boron doping on the fabrication of dense 6H-SiC ceramics by high-temperature physical vapor transport
Authors: Liu B B , Huang J , Yang J F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this paper, boron-doped dense 6H-SiC ceramics was fabricated by the high-temperature physical vapor transport (HTPVT) method. The effect of B doping on the crystal structure stability of 6H-SiC was investigated based on density functional theory (DFT). The results show that B doping can be realized even under thermodynamical equilibrium conditions. Nevertheless, it is found that the B doping effects on the (0001) of Si-plane and (000-1) of C-plane are significantly different. The doping experiments demonstrated that B can observably change the crystal growth morphology, leading to the formation of elongated 6H-SiC crystals.
Assessment of stress distribution in premium connections with ultrasonic phased array and metal magnetic memory
Authors: Han T , Fan J C 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe strength and sealing performance of premium connections in high temperature-high pressure (HTHP) gas well is one of the key factors for the integrity of wellbore, in which, the distribution of contact stress is the guarantee of metal-to-metal seals, while the stress distribution will affect the strength on the threaded connection. This paper explained the ultrasonic phased array (UPA) detection for contact stress of sealing surface and metal magnetic memory (MMM) detection for thread stress. The magnetic-acoustic detection test of the full-scale joints was carried out during make-up, with signals characterized the stress changes in the premium connections under the torque, the detection was also carried out during axial tension, with the contact stress of sealing surfaces quantitatively characterized by the reflection coefficient of sealing surfaces and the peak echo ratio between sealing surfaces and the inner wall of pipe. The variation of tangential component of magnetic field intensity has the same trend with that of threaded connection stress, which is linearly related to the change of contact stress in metal-to-metal seals. These findings show that the combination of UPA and MMM provides a reliable detection method for performance assessment on premium connections, both in quality control and in its field inspection.
Damage constitutive model of pure copper at different annealing temperatures
Authors: Li L , Zhu X J , Zhang L , Tian F Z 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Aiming at the problem of damage evolution of pure copper during the plastic deformation, the normalized shape factor is introduced based on the RO model (Ramberg-Osgood model). The mesoscopic damage constitutive model of pure copper at different annealing temperatures is established and the tensile deformation of industrial pure copper at different annealing temperatures is analyzed. The results show that the error between the calculated value and the experimental value of the damage constitutive model, based on normalized shape factor, at different annealing temperatures, is less than 10%. The model can effectively reveal the tensile damage evolution behavior of industrial pure copper and accurately predict the plastic tensile flow stress of industrial pure copper at different annealing temperatures. The hardening coefficient and hardening exponent in the model are closely related to the annealing temperature of the material. The annealing temperature has little effect on the hardening exponent and has a significant effect on the hardening coefficient and the hardening coefficient decreases with the increase in annealing temperature.
Analysis on accumulated deformation and stress of the steel roof of Beijing Opera House during construction
Authors: Wu L L , Gao G , Ye B R , Zhang H D , Lu Q 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper aims to study the stress and deformation of large steel structure buildings in the actual construction process. Midas Gen finite element software is used to simulate and analyze the whole construction process of the curved reticulated shell roof, the peripheral steel columns and the permanent support. The stress and deformation results of the structure in the final construction state are compared with those in the design state under one-time loading. The results show that, in the final construction state, the maximum tensile stress and the maximum compressive stress are 1.9 times and 2.0 times of that in the design state under one-time loading respectively, which is very significant. When the design model is loaded with weight at one time, the maximum tensile stress and the maximum compressive stress of the structure both appear near the opening of the steel roof, while in the final construction state, the maximum tensile stress of the structure appears near the boundary frame beam, and the maximum compressive stress appears on the main ridge beam. The maximum vertical displacement of the structure in the final construction state is 2.0 times of that when the design model is loaded at one time. The maximum vertical displacement of the design state appears near the opening of the steel roof, while the maximum vertical displacement of the structure in the final construction state appears on the main ridge beam. In view of the above, the effective guidance for the construction of steel roof structure is provided in this paper to ensure the safety of the structure.
Detection techniques for monitoring dioxin-like compounds: latest techniques and the comparison
Authors: Du X Y , Liu X Y , Shang Z Y , Han W S , Zhang H 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In order to clarify the necessity and urgency of dioxin detection, the characteristics and emission sources were firstly studied in this paper. The current dioxin detection techniques were then summarized, including chemical detection technique represented by HRGC/MS, biological detection technique covering immunology and biotechnology, and laser mass spectrometry technique using fusion ionization technology and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Then the advantages and disadvantages, representative technologies, development directions and application prospects of various detection methods were analyzed. Eventually, the future development direction of dioxin detection technology was prospected.
Study on the assessment and reduction technology of carbon dioxide from cementing material manufacturing sector
Authors: Liu Y J , Fang J R , Kang Y W , Wang L , An X P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
For the purposes of simplifying the calculation task, adjusting production processes in time and solving the inconsistent requirements for carbon emissions, this paper investigates the calculation methods of carbon dioxide emissions from cement production, for example IPCC, WBCSD-CSI, MEE-CBMA, CNIS and BNU. Then a simplification and intuitive method is proposed. Based on the intuitive method, CO2 emission of 21 cement plants in China are calculated and analyzed, of which the error between the calculation results and those obtained by HJ 2519-2012 is less than 0.5%. About the carbon reduction technology in cement industry, there is limited reduction space that rely on energy efficiency improvements and clinker substitution. The technology of alternative fuels still needs to be further expanded. China has operated the first demonstration production line of CCUS technology at the Anhui Baimashan Conch cement plant with a capacity of 20,000 tons/year of industrial-grade liquid CO2 products and 30,000 tons/year of food-grade liquid CO2 products. Alternative raw material technology may be one developing direction to cut carbon emission; only 6.18% of steel slag was added to the raw meal at a 2500t/d production line, CO2 emission from process emissions were reduced by nearly 10%.
TRISO Fuel Performance Modelling with BISON
Authors: Collin B , Jiang W , Gamble K , Gardner R , Hales J , Haugh B , Novascone S , Roche J , Spencer B , Toptan A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Modeling of tristructural isotropic (TRISO)-coated particle fuel is being refined in the fuel performance code BISON. New developments include the implementation of an updated set of material properties, TRISO failure mechanisms, fission product diffusion parameters, and the design of a Monte Carlo scheme that allows BISON to calculate the probability of fuel failure within a population of TRISO particles and the subsequent fractional release of key fission products.
Capability of Indonesian Hot cell Towards Pebble Bed Post Irradiation Examination
Authors: Setiawan J , Ismarwanti S , Paid A , Rahmatullah H F , Sigit R , Ajiriyanto M K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Post irradiation examination is one of the requirements to obtain licensing of nuclear fuel, and the purpose of this activity is to represent the performance of nuclear fuel itself. Currently, Indonesia is developing the 10 MWth high-temperature reactor type with its fuel in the form of pebble bed. Indonesia has a hot cell installation that has a function to do post-irradiated examinations. This hot cell mainly used for plate and rod type fuel. This paper wants to show this installation capability to perform the post-irradiation examinations based on its documents and current status. We also show the future possibility of performing pebble bed post-irradiation examinations. The hot cell installation in Indonesia, mainly divided into two areas. First areas are to perform the examinations in the intact form of fuel and second areas are to perform in the small specimen of fuel. For the future pebble bed examinations, Indonesian hot cell structure is possible to perform these examinations. These examinations are possible with limiting amount and stay time of fuel inside the hot cell. The current status gap with requirements for pebble bed tests such as handling tool, deconsolidation apparatus, simulation accident test apparatus also is described.