bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work community factors, occupational well‐being and work ability in home care: A structural equation modelling
Authors: Vauhkonen Anneli , Saaranen Terhi , Honkalampi Kirsi , Järvelin‐Pasanen Susanna , Kupari Saana , Tarvainen Mika P. , Perkiö‐Mäkelä Merja , Räsänen Kimmo , Oksanen Tuula 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo examine how work community factors are related to occupational well‐being and work ability, and how occupational well‐being is related to work ability.DesignA cross‐sectional study was conducted among home care workers in one municipality in Finland.MethodsA self‐administered survey on work and well‐being was filled out by 167 employees working two shifts in 2019. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the association between work community factors, occupational well‐being and work ability.ResultsThe only work community factor directly affecting Occupational well‐being was Information and work organization; the effect of the other two factors, Social support and Influence on work shifts, was indirect. All work community factors indirectly affected Work ability. Home care should emphasize information provision and work organization with optimal time use. This requires social support, a well‐functioning work atmosphere and providing employees with opportunities for influence and participation.
Factors causing medication errors in an electronic reporting system
Authors: Yoon Seonhee , Sohng Kyeongyae 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo analyse medication error data from a hospital's electronic reporting system and identify the factors affecting error types and harmfulness.DesignA retrospective study.MethodsThe 805 near misses and adverse events reported to the hospital's electronic reporting system between January 2014 and December 2018 were analysed using descriptive statistics, chi‐square tests and logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 632 near misses and 173 adverse events were reported. Near misses and adverse events were the most common error type during the dispensing stage and medication administration, respectively. The odds of medication errors reported by nurses with 1–9 years of clinical experience were relatively low. After adjusting for confounders, the odds of medication errors directly observed by nurses were 65% lower than the odds of medication errors not directly detected. In clinical practice, nurses must be educated about errors in reporting depending on their degree of clinical experience.
Ionothermal Synthesis of Sulfidobismuth spiro‐Dicubane Cations
Authors: Knies Maximilian , Ruck Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBi2S3 was dissolved in the presence of NaCl in the ionic liquid [BMIm]Cl ⋅ 4AlCl3 (BMIm=1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium) through annealing the mixture at 180 °C. Upon cooling to room temperature, orange, air‐sensitive crystals of Na(Bi7S8)[S(AlCl3)3]2[AlCl4]2 (1) precipitated. X‐ray diffraction on single‐crystals of 1 revealed a triclinic crystal structure that contains (Bi7S8)5+ spiro‐dicubanes, [S(AlCl3)3]2− tetrahedra triples, isolated [AlCl4]− tetrahedra, and sodium cations.
Buckling analysis of graphene nanoplatelets‐doped carbon/aramid hybrid polymer composite plates
Authors: Doğan Nurettin Furkan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the effects of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) contents on the axial and lateral buckling behavior of carbon/aramid hybrid‐woven epoxy nanocomposites were investigated. The composite plates were fabricated with different concentrations of GNPs (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 wt%) by vacuum‐assisted hand lay‐up method. The addition of GNPs has resulted in enhancement in axial and lateral critical buckling loads. The maximum enhancement in both axial and lateral critical buckling reached with 0.1 wt% GNPs addition. These percent enhancement values in axial critical buckling loads were 25.7%, 5.2%, and, 14% with fixed‐fixed, fixed‐free, and free‐free boundary conditions, respectively. For lateral critical buckling load, the maximum enhancement was recorded as 20.6% compared to the pure control sample. Also, with the further addition of GNPs, critical buckling loads decreased, which is interpreted because of the agglomeration of GNPs. The failure surfaces were then observed with scanning electron microscopy to examine the link between the buckling behavior and failure types of the composite samples.
Impregnation modeling and preparation optimization of continuous glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid filament for 3D printing
Authors: Yu Liguo , Chen Ke , Xue Ping , Cui Yonghui , Jia Mingyin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractContinuous glass fiber reinforced polylactic acid (CGF/PLA) composites were prepared by 3D printing technology in this study. The multi‐roll melt impregnation mold was manufactured according to the melt impregnation model. CGF/PLA filament was prepared by a melt impregnation device, and then used to prepare CGF/PLA composite materials by the self‐modified 3D printer device. The full impregnation of the fibers was achieved by the action of the coverage angle of the tension roller in the impregnation mold. The effects of the total coverage angle, traction speed, fiber content, and impregnation temperature on the fiber impregnation effect and 3D printed product performance were studied. The bending strength, tensile strength, impact strength, and interlayer shear strength of the printed sample reached 312, 220, 154, and 14 MPa, respectively. The strategy in this study can effectively improve the impregnation effect of PLA resin on CGFs and promote the development and application of 3D printing technology in the field of high‐performance composite manufacturing.
Effect of non‐woven flax mat manufacturing parameters and consolidation pressure on properties of composites manufactured using vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding
Authors: Shadhin Md , Jayaraman Raghavan , Rahman Mashiur 
Published: August 2021

AbstractComposite parts, used in transportation industries, are manufactured using vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) and non‐woven glass fiber mats that are optimized for impregnation, fiber volume fraction (Vf), and composite properties. However, such optimized hemp and flax mats are not available. Extending the research on hemp mats manufactured using air‐laying, the effect of needle depth (2 or 8 mm) and punch density (0–72 punches/cm2) used to bind the fibers in the mat together, as well as consolidation pressure (101–560 kPa) applied during manufacturing, on mat permeability and composite properties were studied. Non‐woven flax mats exhibited heterogeneity in spatial distribution of areal density (GSM) and fiber distribution. This, together with the distribution in flax fiber diameter and properties, resulted in large scatter in the measured composite properties. The out‐of‐plane permeability and the consolidation of the mat decreased with increase in punch density and depth. This, together with the variation of Vf in the starting mat, resulted in complex variation in the Vf in the composite. 30‐P mat, with tightly bound fibers, resulted in optimal composite properties at VARTM (101 kPa) pressure while 0‐P and 72‐P mats, with loosely bound fibers, resulted in optimal properties at 560 kPa.
Damped harmonic vibrations of axisymmetric graphene‐enhanced cylinders in thermal environment
Authors: Moradi‐Dastjerdi Rasool , Behdinan Kamran 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the structural damping behavior of axisymmetric nanocomposite cylinders enhanced with randomly oriented graphene nanosheets has been explored by a mesh‐free solution. The static responses of such nanocomposite cylinders under internal pressure and exposed to thermal environment are assumed as the initial condition of harmonic vibrations. Using the shape functions of moving least squares (MLS), an axisymmetric mesh‐free solution has been developed to approximate the displacement field of the graphene‐enhanced nanocomposite (GEN) cylinders. Along the thickness of these cylinders, different nonlinear functionally graded (FG) patterns are considered for the distribution of graphene nanosheets. The mechanical properties of graphene and polymer are considered to vary with temperature, and the overall properties of nanocomposite are calculated using a modified Halpin‐Tsai (HS) technique. The effects of thermal environment, graphene content, graphene dispersion, and cylinder dimension on the structural damped harmonic vibrations of axisymmetric GEN cylinders have been examined. The results indicate that the use of graphene nanosheets and their distribution significantly affect the damped harmonic vibrations of axisymmetric polymeric cylinders such that the increase of graphene content results in damped vibrations with higher frequency and shorter stationary time. In addition, thermal environment reduced the frequency of vibrations, but it has an insignificant impact on the stationary time of vibrations.
The effect of thickness on themultiwalledcarbon nanotubes performance in glass/epoxy composite laminates under dynamic loading
Authors: Emdadi Derabi Mohammad , Sangsefidi Milad , Rahmani Omid 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe aim of this research is to investigate the thickness influence on the efficiency of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in glass/epoxy composite laminates under the high‐velocity impact. Combining 0.25 wt% of MWCNTs in the 4‐layer and 8‐layer specimens and 0.1 wt% of MWCNTs in the 16‐layer specimen led to the maximum rise in the energy absorption and specific perforation energy compared with the unreinforced laminates. The significant growth in energy absorption in the 4‐layer, 8‐layer, and 16‐layer specimens was 5.8, 8.3, and 14.4 J, respectively. The number of agglomerations (dislocations) in the matrix was consequently increased as a function of thickness, which led to the better performance of MWCNTs with lower weight percentages in the composite laminates containing more layers. The scanning electron microscope was used to observe the dispersion and agglomeration of MWCNTs in the resin epoxy, and there was also an improvement in the fiber–resin bonding.
Severe early‐onset fetal growth restriction: What do we tell the prospective parents?
Authors: Unterscheider Julia , Cuzzilla Rocco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFetal growth restriction (FGR) is a common complication of pregnancy, associated with higher risk of perinatal mortality and adverse health and developmental outcomes for surviving infants. True FGR relates to a pathological restriction of fetal growth resulting from complex interactions between maternal, placental, fetal, and environmental factors. Early‐onset FGR (onset <32 weeks' gestation) is often first suspected at routine mid‐trimester sonographic assessment of fetal morphology, or identified as part of the placental syndrome, commonly maternal pre‐eclampsia. Prenatal investigations may identify the cause of FGR. Timing of delivery is guided by serial sonographic surveillance of fetal growth and well‐being and maternal condition, balancing the risk of stillbirth with the benefits of advancing gestation. This is particularly pertinent to severe early‐onset FGR, a leading iatrogenic cause of very preterm birth. Prognosis is largely determined by the severity of FGR and its causes, gestation at birth, and birthweight. Pregnancy termination may be considered. Antenatal care and delivery in a tertiary center, provided by a multi‐disciplinary team with expertise in managing high‐risk pregnancies, are imperative to optimizing outcomes.
Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transferbased copolymers of acrylonitrile and alkyl acrylates as possible precursors for carbon fibers: synthesis and thermal behavior during stabilization
Authors: Toms Roman V , Balashov Mikhail S , Gervald Alexander Y , Prokopov Nickolay I , Plutalova Anna V , Chernikova Elena V 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCopolymers of acrylonitrile and alkyl acrylates with various alkyl substituents (methyl, ethyl, butyl, 2‐ethylhexyl and lauryl) were synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization in dimethylsulfoxide. It is demonstrated that reactivity of alkyl acrylate in copolymerization decreases with increase of the length of the alkyl substituent. The molar fractions of homodiads and homotriads of acrylonitrile and the number‐average sequence length of acrylonitrile units decreases with a decrease in the acrylate content in the copolymer or with an increase in the length of the alkyl substituent in the acrylate. The copolymer composition was held constant throughout copolymerization in all the studied systems resulting in the formation of copolymers with high compositional homogeneity. Additionally the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer mechanism provides low dispersity of the copolymers. Both factors enable the effect of the alkyl substituent in alkyl acrylate on the thermal behavior of acrylonitrile copolymers to be carefully revealed. Being inert in the cyclization reaction, alkyl acrylates have no effect on the activation energy of the reaction. However, increase of the length of the alkyl substituent is followed by a slower evolution of the ladder structure. In contrast, in conditions of oxidative stabilization, the stabilization index increases in the order of increase of the number‐average sequence length of the acrylonitrile units in the copolymers. Thus, the use of alkyl acrylates with longer alkyl substituents provides an increase of chain flexibility and the formation of an enhanced ladder structure during oxidative stabilization which is profitable for carbon fiber production. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Effects of prosthetic feet on metabolic energy expenditure in people with transtibial amputation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hafner Brian J. , Halsne Elizabeth G. , Morgan Sara J. , Morgenroth David C. , Humbert Andrew T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effects of different prosthetic feet on energy costs associated with walking and running in people with transtibial amputation.Literature SurveyThe Pubmed, CINAHL, and Web‐of‐Science bibliographic databases were searched for original research published through June 30, 2018. References from identified articles were also reviewed.MethodologyTwo reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and articles for pertinent studies. Details were extracted with a standardized template. Risk of bias was assessed using domain‐based methods. Prosthetic feet were grouped into categories and compared according to energy costs associated with walking or running over various terrain conditions. Meta‐analyses were conducted when data quantity and homogeneity permitted. Evidence statements were formed when results were consistent or undisputed.SynthesisFifteen studies were included. Participants (n = 141) were predominantly male (87.9%), had unilateral amputation (95.7%) from non‐dysvascular causes (87.9%), and were classified as unlimited community ambulators or active adults (56.0%). Participants were often young but varied in age (mean age 24.8–66.6 years). Available evidence indicates that feet with powered dorsiflexion reduce energy costs relative to dynamic response feet in unlimited community ambulators or active adults when walking on level or declined surfaces. Dynamic response feet do not significantly reduce energy costs compared to energy storing, flexible keel, or solid ankle feet when walking on level terrain. Running feet do not reduce energy costs relative to dynamic response in active adults when running. Select feet may reduce energy costs under specific conditions, but additional research is needed to confirm preliminary results.ConclusionsThe overall body of evidence is based on small samples, comprised mostly of participants who may not well represent the population of prosthesis users and test conditions that may not well reflect how prostheses are used in daily life. However, evidence suggests energy costs are affected by prosthetic foot type only under select conditions.
Electrospinning nanofibers of microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates for applications in medical tissue engineering
Authors: Zhao Xiao‐Hong , Niu Yi‐Nuo , Mi Chen‐Hui , Gong Hai‐Lun , Yang Xin‐Yu , Cheng Ji‐Si‐Yu , Zhou Zi‐Qi , Liu Jia‐Xuan , Peng Xue‐Liang , Wei Dai‐Xu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDifferently to most chemically synthesized medical materials, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are intracellular carbon and energy storage granules, which is a family of natural bio‐polymers synthesized by microorganism's materials. Due to excellent biocompatibility reasonable biodegradability and versatile material difference, PHAs are well medical biomaterials candidates for applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery, including commercial PHB, PHBV, PHBHHx, PHBVHHx, P34HB and few uncommercial PHAs. Electrospinning nanofibers with the size of 10–10,000 nm can improve the mechanical properties and decrease the crystallinity of PHA, meanwhile simulate the structure and function of native extracellular matrix of cells. Hence, PHAs electrospinning nanofibers as engineered scaffolds have been widely used for tissue engineering scaffolds in cardiovascular, vascular, nerve, bone, cartilage and skin; also, as carriers for application in drug delivery system. In this review, we highlight the extraction and properties of medical PHAs from natural or engineered microorganism, and microstructure, current manufacturing techniques and medical applications of electrospinning nanofibers of PHAs. Moreover, the current challenges and prospects of PHAs electrospinning nanofibers are discussed rationally, providing an insight into developing vibrant fields of PHAs electrospinning nanofibers‐based biomedicine.
Conductive Polymer Spark Gap Igniters
Authors: McConnell Miranda P. , Murray Allison K. , Boudouris Bryan W. , Gunduz I. Emre , Son Steven F. , Chiu George T.‐C. , Rhoads Jeffrey F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectrodes fabricated from electronically active polymers offer some benefits over those fabricated with common metals, including an appreciable resistance to corrosion and lower density. These benefits, and potentially others, manifest the advantages of using conductive polymers in lieu of metals for the mass production of ignition systems. In this work, spark gap igniters were fabricated using a potentially low‐cost, roll‐to‐roll compatible process utilizing the doped conductive polymer polyaniline as the electrode material. Subsequently, nanothermite was printed on the spark gap igniters between the organic leads and ignited using a high voltage source to demonstrate the effectiveness of the device. All of the igniters successfully fired with a mean spark over voltage of 3.14 kV. In addition, all of the igniters with deposited nanothermite successfully ignited the material. Accordingly, this work outlines the materials and processes required to develop organic‐based spark gap igniters and establishes a baseline for future work related to the metal‐free ignition of energetic materials.
Do calmodulin binding IQ motifs have built‐in capping domains?
Authors: Muguruza‐Montero Arantza , Ramis Rafael , Nuñez Eider , R. Ballesteros Oscar , G. Ibarluzea Markel , Araujo Ariane , M‐Alicante Sara , Urrutia Janire , Leonardo Aritz , Bergara Aitor , Villarroel Alvaro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMost calmodulin (CaM) targets are α‐helices. It is not clear if CaM induces the adoption of an α‐helix configuration to its targets or if those targets are selected as they spontaneously adopt an α‐helical conformation. Other than an α‐helix propensity, there is a great variety of CaM targets with little more in common. One exception to this rule is the IQ site that can be recognized in a number of targets, such as those ion channels belonging to the KCNQ family. Although there is negligible sequence similarity between the IQ motif and the docking site on SK2 channels, both adopt a similar three‐dimensional disposition. The isolated SK2 target presents a pre‐folded core region that becomes fully α‐helical upon binding to CaM. The existence of this pre‐folded state suggests the occurrence of capping within CaM targets. In this review, we examine the capping properties within the residues flanking this core domain, and relate known IQ motifs and capping.
Effect of remimazolam induction on hemodynamics in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery: A randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial
Authors: Liu Tianxiao , Lai Ting , Chen Jing , Lu Yizhi , He Fang , Chen Yanhua , Xie Yubo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe stability of hemodynamics during anesthesia induction in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery is particularly important. Remimazolam is a new type of benzodiazepine drug, with supposed advantages of rapid induction, rapid recovery, stable hemodynamics, and mild respiratory inhibition.AimTo evaluate the effect of remimazolam anesthesia induction on hemodynamics in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery.MethodsThis randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial enrolled consecutive patients undergoing mitral valve replacement (MVR)/aortic valve replacement (AVR)/double‐valve replacement (DVR) surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The study was conducted according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials statement. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either remimazolam or propofol induction of 30 patients each. All patients, data collectors, and data analyzers were blinded to the group allocation. The primary outcomes were the fluctuations in hemodynamic parameters (the difference of maximum or minimum heart rate to baseline, ▲HR, the difference of maximum or minimum mean arterial pressure to baseline, ▲MAP), the occurrence of cardiovascular events (hypotension, severe bradycardia), and the cumulative norepinephrine doses used per patient, averaged per group during induction. The secondary outcomes were hemodynamic parameters (heart rate, HR, mean arterial pressure, MAP, bispectral index, BIS, plasma lactic acid, Lac, and blood glucose, Glu values).ResultsA total of 60 patients with heart valve replacement were included in the final analysis, with 30 patients in each group. The ▲MAP was significantly lower in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group during induction (p < .05). The incidences of hypotension and the cumulative norepinephrine doses used per patient, averaged per group during induction were significantly lower in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group (p < .05).ConclusionRemimazolam may be safe and effective for induction and may as an alternative to propofol during anesthesia induction in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery.