bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Management of Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Griswold Dylan P , Fernandez Laura , Rubiano A M 
Published: August 2021

Background
Globally, 69 million people suffer from traumatic brain injury (TBI) each year and TBI is the most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Traumatic SAH (TSAH) has been described as an adverse prognostic factor leading to progressive neurological deterioration and an increase in morbidity and mortality, but there are a limited number of studies which evaluate recent trends in the diagnostic and management of SAH in the context of trauma.

Objective
The objective of this scoping review was to understand the extent and type of evidence in relation to the diagnostic criteria and management of TSAH.

Methods
This scoping review will be conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews. A 3-step search strategy (an initial limited search in PubMed and Scopus databases; a main search of EMBASE, Web of Science, EBSCO, MEDLINE; and manual searches of reference lists of included articles) will be utilized. The search will be limited to studies with human participants and published in English, Spanish, and French between 2005 and 2020. This review will consider studies of adolescent and adult patients with SAH secondary to trauma. Study selection will be performed by 2 authors (DG and LF) in a 2-phase process; if any disagreement arises, a third author (AR) will be consulted. Data to be extracted from each study will include population, intervention, comparator and outcome measures, and a summary of findings. Citation screening, full-text review, risk of bias assessment, and extraction of study characteristics and outcomes will be carried out using a web-based software platform that streamlines the production of scoping reviews.

Results
Ethics approval is not required for this systematic review, as there will be no patient involvement. The search for this systematic review commenced in December 2020, and we expect to publish the findings in early 2021. The plan for dissemination is to publish review findings in a peer-reviewed journal and present findings at conferences that engage the most pertinent stakeholders.

Conclusions
This scoping review will serve as an initial step in providing more evidence for health care professionals, economists, and policymakers so that they might devote more resources toward this significant problem affecting both health and economic outcomes worldwide.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
PRR1-10.2196/26709
Ranking Rule-Based Automatic Explanations for Machine Learning Predictions on Asthma Hospital Encounters in Patients With Asthma: Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyi , Luo Gang 
Published: August 2021

Background
Asthma hospital encounters impose a heavy burden on the health care system. To improve preventive care and outcomes for patients with asthma, we recently developed a black-box machine learning model to predict whether a patient with asthma will have one or more asthma hospital encounters in the succeeding 12 months. Our model is more accurate than previous models. However, black-box machine learning models do not explain their predictions, which forms a barrier to widespread clinical adoption. To solve this issue, we previously developed a method to automatically provide rule-based explanations for the model’s predictions and to suggest tailored interventions without sacrificing model performance. For an average patient correctly predicted by our model to have future asthma hospital encounters, our explanation method generated over 5000 rule-based explanations, if any. However, the user of the automated explanation function, often a busy clinician, will want to quickly obtain the most useful information for a patient by viewing only the top few explanations. Therefore, a methodology is required to appropriately rank the explanations generated for a patient. However, this is currently an open problem.

Objective
The aim of this study is to develop a method to appropriately rank the rule-based explanations that our automated explanation method generates for a patient.

Methods
We developed a ranking method that struck a balance among multiple factors. Through a secondary analysis of 82,888 data instances of adults with asthma from the University of Washington Medicine between 2011 and 2018, we demonstrated our ranking method on the test case of predicting asthma hospital encounters in patients with asthma.

Results
For each patient predicted to have asthma hospital encounters in the succeeding 12 months, the top few explanations returned by our ranking method typically have high quality and low redundancy. Many top-ranked explanations provide useful insights on the various aspects of the patient’s situation, which cannot be easily obtained by viewing the patient’s data in the current electronic health record system.

Conclusions
The explanation ranking module is an essential component of the automated explanation function, and it addresses the interpretability issue that deters the widespread adoption of machine learning predictive models in clinical practice. In the next few years, we plan to test our explanation ranking method on predictive modeling problems addressing other diseases as well as on data from other health care systems.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-10.2196/5039
Relevancia de China en las finanzas mundiales
Authors: San-Martín-Albizuri Nerea , Rodríguez-Castellanos Arturo 
Published: August 2021

<p>Tras cuatro décadas de reformas estructurales, China se encuentra en un punto de inflexión histórico: depender básicamente de las exportaciones, o ser uno de los mayores productores, consumidores e inversores del mundo, con una importante presencia en las finanzas mundiales. Es cierto que en los últimos años han aparecido problemas, y que respecto del futuro se vislumbran incertidumbres, pero las autoridades chinas disponen todavía de margen para hacerles frente, y por otra parte continúan desarrollando iniciativas destinadas a expandir la presencia del país en la economía y las finanzas mundiales.</p><p>En este trabajo en primer lugar se exponen los diversos aspectos de la presencia china en las finanzas mundiales, como son el tamaño de su sistema financiero, la tenencia de deuda externa pública estadounidense, la progresiva presencia internacional del yuan, manifestada por su entrada en la composición de los Derechos Especiales de Giro, y el incremento de las inversiones chinas en el exterior. Asimismo, se consideran las iniciativas de las autoridades chinas para incrementar la presencia de su país en el mundo, como son la “Iniciativa <em>Belt and Road</em>”, el “efecto China” como fuerza creadora de una nueva arquitectura económica y financiera mundial liderando al grupo de los BRICS, los acuerdos y tratados bilaterales de carácter comercial, monetario y de inversión, y el desarrollo de un mercado internacional para el oro físico en yuanes. Por último, se consideran los desafíos a los que deben hacer frente los gobernantes chinos para que tales iniciativas consigan sus objetivos.</p><div><div><p> </p></div></div>
Empresas mineras globales y gobernanza económica internacional
Authors: Concha Elizabeth 
Published: August 2021

<p>El año 2020 será recordado en la historia de la humanidad. El Fondo Monetario Internacional espera que la economía mundial se contraiga -3% y la Comisión Económica Para América Latina estima que América Latina tendrá un decrecimiento de -2 % del PIB. La minería se ve inmersa en esa expresión de crisis multidimensional; muchas de las grandes empresas mineras han respetado lo señalado por las autoridades internacionales de salud, sin embargo, la exploración y explotación de minerales no se puede hacer desde una computadora u otro dispositivo, por lo que estan esperando el momento para continuar su actividad y reexpresar una nueva caracterización del proceso de financiarización. Así el método de sugerencias inmersa en la gobernanza internacional deberían reconfigurarse porque, a pesar de tener claro sus objetivos y metas en los plazos estipulados, la realidad muestra una imagen ilusoria de ellos, al menos en lo que respecta a la gobernanza ambiental y la minería, antes del Covid-19, y en el presente. Este documento se divide en cinco apartados. Los primeros dos pasan revista a la literatura vigente del concepto de gobernanza internacional y ambiental. Las acciones de las grandes empresas mineras no se pueden considerar como un hecho aislado de la caracterización de la minería mundial contemporánea y financiarizada, lo que le da sentido al tercer apartado. El cuarto se colocan en un ejercicio de espejo, la gobernanza ambiental con la caracterización de la minería financiarizada, mostrando que el resultado es una imagen recóndita al igual que los argumentos de los organismos multinacionales, es decir, dos caminos dispersos en su totalidad. Finalmente, las conclusiones.</p><div><br /><div><p> </p></div></div>
La deflación y "el agujero negro"
Authors: Marshall Wesley C. 
Published: August 2021

<p>A medida que los acontecimientos recientes de los mercados financieros se desvinculan aún más de la experiencia histórica, los economistas convencionales han estado hablando cada vez más en términos de Hollywood, repleto de supernovas, zombis y agujeros negros. Este breve artículo entra al terreno de la metáfora en un intento de explicar estas metáforas relacionadas y darles coherencia, además de aterrizarlas en el pensamiento y realidad económicos.</p><div><div><p> </p></div></div>
Nationwide Trends in Cardiac Risk and Mortality in Patients With Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Danish Cohort Study
Authors: Gyldenkerne Christine , Knudsen Jakob S. , Olesen Kevin K.W. , Sørensen Henrik T. , Bøtker Hans E. , Thomsen Reimar W. , Maeng Michael 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE
Trends in cardiac risk and death have not been examined in patients with incident type 2 diabetes and no prior cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we aimed to examine trends in cardiac risk and death in relation to the use of prophylactic cardiovascular medications in patients with incident type 2 diabetes without prior cardiovascular disease.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In this population-based cohort study, we included patients with incident type 2 diabetes between 1996 and 2011 through national health registries. Each patient was matched by age and sex with up to five individuals without diabetes from the general population. All individuals were followed for 7 years.

RESULTS
We identified 209,311 patients with incident diabetes. From 1996–1999 to 2008–2011, the 7-year risk of myocardial infarction decreased from 6.9 to 2.8% (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 0.39 [95% CI 0.37–0.42]), cardiac death from 7.1 to 1.6% (aHR 0.23 [95% CI 0.21–0.24]), and all-cause death from 28.9 to 16.8% (aHR 0.68 [95% CI 0.66–0.69]). Compared with the general population, 7-year risk differences decreased from 3.3 to 0.8% for myocardial infarction, from 2.7 to 0.5% for cardiac death, and from 10.6 to 6.0% for all-cause death. Use of cardiovascular medications within ±1 year of diabetes diagnosis, especially statins (5% of users in 1996–1999 vs. 60% in 2008–2011), increased during the study period.

CONCLUSIONS
From 1996 to 2011, Danish patients with incident type 2 diabetes and no prior cardiovascular disease experienced major reductions in cardiac risk and mortality. The risk reductions coincided with increased use of prophylactic cardiovascular medications.
Cognitive Functioning and Hippocampal Connectivity in Patients With Longstanding Type 1 Diabetes and Apolipoprotein E ε4
Authors: van Duinkerken Eelco , IJzerman Richard G. , Barkhof Frederik , Moll Annette C. , Diamant Michaela , Snoek Frank J. , Klein Martin 
Published: August 2021

OBJECTIVE
While the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele (ApoE-ε4) is related to cognitive and brain decline in the general population, its effect on the brain in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remains unclear. Therefore, the aim was to determine the interaction between ApoE-ε4 and T1DM on cognitive performance and hippocampal structure and connectivity as the brain area most vulnerable to ApoE-ε4 effects in adult patients with T1DM.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Blood sampling was performed in 104 patients with T1DM and 49 control subjects for ApoE genotyping, neuropsychology, and neuroimaging to determine hippocampal volume and resting-state connectivity. The interaction between T1DM status and ApoE-ε4 presence was investigated and adjusted for age and mean systolic blood pressure.

RESULTS
ApoE genotyping could not be performed for three patients with T1DM. Significant interaction effects, indicating a differential effect of ApoE-ε4 between both groups, were found for overall cognitive functioning and for the subdomains of information processing speed and attention. Additionally, interaction effects were present for right hippocampal connectivity with the right posterior cingulate and supramarginal gyri. Subsequent group analysis showed that patients with T1DM with ApoE-ε4 performed worse on these cognitive domains with increased connectivity, relative to their counterparts without ApoE-ε4. In contrast, no cognitive effects, but decreased connectivity, were observed in control subjects with ApoE-ε4. In patients with T1DM, higher right hippocampus connectivity with the posterior cingulate gyrus was related to poorer overall cognitive functioning.

CONCLUSIONS
The results may suggest that ApoE-ε4 presence leaves our patients with T1DM more susceptible to cognitive decrements at a younger age, possibly through vascular pathways, warranting further longitudinal studies.
PROMISING TYPES OF GOLDEN DEPOSITS AND ORE MANIFESTATIONS OF RUSSIAN SOUTH
Authors: Парада С.Г. 
Published: August 2021

Проанализированы геолого-структурные условия локализации и вещественный состав выявленных в последние годы на Юге России месторождений и рудопроявлений золота. На примере золото-серебряного месторождения Радужное и рудопроявлений золота Кардан-Куспартинского и Северного фланга Тырныаузского рудных узлов (Кабардино-Балкарская республика), Керчикского рудопроявления золота в Восточном Донбассе и золото-медного рудопроявления в докембрийской толще Ростовского выступа Украинского щита (Ростовская область) показано многообразие генетических и геолого-промышленных типов золотого оруденения. Установлено, что проявления золотого оруденения отмечаются с протерозоя до кайнозоя (включительно). Выявленные на Юге России месторождения и рудопроявления золота уже сегодня могут составить минерально-сырьевую базу нового для Южного макрорегиона золоторудного направления горнодобывающей отрасли.
The geological-structural conditions of localization and material composition of revealed in last year’s at the Russian South deposits and ore manifestations of gold have been analyzed. On the example of golden-silver deposit Raduzhnoye and golden ore manifestations of Kuspartinsky and Nortehern flank of Tyrny-Auz ore nodes (Kabardino-Balkarian Republic), Kerchik golden ore manifestation in the Eastern Donbas and golden-copper ore manifestation in the Precambrian series of the Rostov ledge of Ukrainian Shield (Rostov region), the diversity of genetic and geological-industrial types of golden mineralization has been shown. It is stated that manifestations of golden mineralization are noted since Proterozoic until Cenozoic (inclusive). The revealed at the Russian South deposits and ore manifestations of gold already now can make mineral raw material base of the new for Southern macro-region golden-mining direction of the mining industry branch.
PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THE SOILS SEISMOGENIC DILUTION POSSIBILITY (BASED ON THE WATER-SATURATED SANDY-ARGILLACEOUS DEPOSITS EXAMPLE IN KUDEPSTA SETTLEMENT SOCHI CITY ADLER REGION
Authors: Чернов Ю.К. 
Published: August 2021

Разжижение водонасыщенных грунтов под воздействием сильных землетрясений представляет большую опасность для расположенных на них объектов. Поэтому оценка возможности возникновения данных процессов представляется необходимой составной частью общей оценки сейсмической опасности территории. На примере анализа сейсмогрунтовых условий пос. Кудепста описывается опыт предварительных (на качественном уровне) оценок возможности сейсмогенного разжижения различных типов грунтов оснований и даются рекомендации по дальнейшему (количественному) определению вероятности возникновения этого природного явления на данной территории.
The dilution of the water-saturated soils under strong earthquakes impact presents large danger to the objects located on them. Therefore the evaluation of the given processes appearance possibility is the necessary component part of the territory seismic danger general estimation. Based on the example of the sett. Kudepsta seismic and soil conditions analysis is described the experience of the preliminary (at the qualitative level) estimations of the different types of foundation soil seismogenic dilution possibility and recommendation regarding further (quantitative) determination of this natural phenomenon appearances probability in this territory are given.
SIMULATION OF ELECTRICAL PROCESSES IN THUNDERSTORMS IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS REGION
Authors: Шаповалов А.В. , Пашкевич М.Ю. , Рязанов В.И. , Шаповалов В.А. , Березинский Н.А. , Шереметьев Р.В. , Камруков А.С. 
Published: August 2021

В работе представлена трехмерная численная модель конвективного облака с учетом электрических процессов. На основе модели получены следующие параметры: плотности объемных зарядов в облаке, потенциал и напряженность электрического поля, создаваемого этими зарядами, детально рассматривается влияние электрического поля облака на микрофизические процессы взаимодействия облачных частиц и обратное влияние – микроструктуры на электрические параметры. Приведены результаты исследований формирования термогидродинамических, микроструктурных и электрических параметров грозовых облаков в Северо-Кавказском регионе.
The paper presents three-dimensional numerical model of convective clouds with the account of electrical processes. Based on the model obtained the following parameters: density of volume charge in the cloud, the potential and the electric field created by these charges, considers in detail the influence of the electric field of the cloud microphysical processes of interaction of cloud particles and the reverse influence of the microstructure on the electrical parameters. The results of thermohydrodynamic studies of the formation, microstructure and electrical parameters of storm clouds in the North Caucasus region.
L.V. DESINOV ALLEGEDGLACIER KOLKA RAPID MOTIONS FOR 8 HOURS BEFORE THE20 SEPTEMBER 2002 DISASTER AND THE CAUSES OF THE DISASTER
Authors: Бергер М.Г. 
Published: August 2021

Показана необоснованность предположений Л.В. Десинова.
Unfounded assumptions of L.V. Desinov is shown.
ORE POTENTIAL AND TECTONIC CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF SKARN-ORE BODIES IN THE FIELDS OLTINTOPKAN ORE CLUSTER (NORTHERN TAJIKISTAN)
Authors: Мутавалиев А.Т. 
Published: August 2021

В статье обсуждаются рудоносность и тектонические условия формирования скарново-рудных тел на месторождениях Алтынтопканского рудного узла (на примере Алтынтопканского месторождения).
The article discusses the ore potential and tectonic conditions of formation of skarn-ore bodies in the fields Oltintopkan ore node (for example Oltintopkan fields).
THE FORMER RED GUARDS AND RED PARTISANS NORTH OSSETIAN COMMISSION’S ACTIVITIES (1924-1935)
Authors: ХУБУЛОВА С.А. 
Published: August 2021

Подборка документов посвящена малоизученной в отечественной историографии теме и является своеобразным откликом на имеющуюся потребность освещения некоторых вопросов, связанных с последствиями революции и гражданской войны для российского общества. Впервые представлены документы, связанные с деятельностью Комиссии по делам бывших красных партизан и красногвардейцев, которая выполняла не только функции органа социальной защиты бывших комбатантов революции, но и отслеживала их умонастроения, послевоенную общественную и личную жизнь, давая или лишая их права на карьерный рост, пенсии, бесплатное медицинское обслуживание. Отложившиеся документы позволяют проследить общие тенденции социальной адаптации бывших красных партизан, отношение к ним властей.
The selection of documents is related to the subject insufficiently studied in Russian historiography, and presents a response to an existing need to study the effects the Revolution and the civil war made on the Russian society. For the first time the documents concerning the Former Red Partisans and Red Guards Commission activities are presented. The Commission functioned not only as a social security institution for former combatants of the Revolution, but was tracking their mindset, post-war public and private life, giving or denying them the right to career development, pension, free medical care. Holdover documents allow tracing the general trends of social adaptation of former red partisans and the authorities’ attitude to them.
Students' Satisfaction towards Academic Advising Service
Authors: Ismail Azianti , Roslan Liyana , Ismail Herda Balqis , Mohd Salleh Noor Azlina 
Published: August 2021

Abstract: Effective academic advising service has been found to bring positive benefits to educational institutions to increase students' retention rates and graduation. This study sought to find the essential attributes in public university academic advising service in UiTM Pasir Gudang campus, Malaysia, which may be used to improve the service provided to the students. Quantitative research was conducted using a questionnaire adapted from Parasuraman's SERVQUAL model with a sample size of 221. The study aimed to examine the relationship between service quality dimensions and students' satisfaction. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the questionnaires. Multiple regression analyses results showed reliability and empathy were two dimensions that had significant relationship with students' satisfaction. The results also demonstrated a statistical difference in academic advising service satisfaction among the students according to their years of study and meeting frequency with advisors. The findings of this study may be valuable for the institution to understand the factors that are most significant to further improve the students' satisfaction level in academic advising service.

Keywords: Academic advising, Students’ satisfaction, Higher education, Service quality
Peningkatan Kualitas Karya Ilmiah bagi Guru-guru Sekolah Dasar Negeri 3 Tejorejo, Kabupaten Kendal
Authors: Tagela Umbu , Sanoto Herry 
Published: August 2021

Tujuan aktivitas pengabdian masyarakat ini: (1) meningkatkan motivasi guru dalam menulis karya ilmiah dan (2) meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam menulis karya ilmiah berupa laporan penelitian. Tujuan tersebut dicapai melalui pelatihan dengan metode ceramah, diskusi, demontrasi, dan latihan. Setelah aktivitas training dilaksanakan monitoring dan evaluasi oleh Panitia untuk melihat dan mendampingi guru dalam penulisan karya ilmiah. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa program pengabdian masyarakat berlangsung dengan baik dan lancar. Program ini mampu memberi motivasi kepada guru dalam menulis karya ilmiah dan mampu meningkatkan kemampuan guru dalam melakukan penelitian serta menulis laporan penelitian. Kendala-kendala yang muncul pada tahap penelitian dan penulisan hasil penelitian dapat diatasi dengan metode pendampingan. Adapun saran yang dapat diajukan bagi guru-guru diharapkan memiliki motivasi dan senantiasa membudayakan kegiatan menulis ilmiah.