bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Electronic Health Record Reminders for Routine Immunizations and Immunizations Needed for Chronic Medical Conditions
Authors: Stephens Ashley B. , Wynn Chelsea S. , Hofstetter Annika M. , Kolff Chelsea , Pena Oscar , Kahn Eric , Dasgupta Balendu , Natarajan Karthik , Vawdrey David K. , Lane Mariellen M. , Robbins-Milne Laura , Ramakrishnan Rajasekhar , Holleran Stephen , Stockwell Melissa S. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Immunization reminders in electronic health records (EHR) provide clinical decision support (CDS) that can reduce missed immunization opportunities. Little is known about using CDS rules from a regional immunization information system (IIS) to power local EHR immunization reminders.
Objective This study aimed to assess the impact of EHR reminders using regional IIS CDS-provided rules on receipt of immunizations in a low-income, urban population for both routine immunizations and those recommended for patients with chronic medical conditions (CMCs).
Methods We built an EHR-based immunization reminder using the open-source resource used by the New York City IIS in which we overlaid logic regarding immunizations needed for CMCs. Using a randomized cluster-cross-over pragmatic clinical trial in four academic-affiliated clinics, we compared captured immunization opportunities during patient visits when the reminder was “on” versus “off” for the primary immunization series, school-age boosters, and adolescents. We also assessed coverage of CMC-specific immunizations. Up-to-date immunization was measured by end of quarter. Rates were compared using chi square tests.
Results Overall, 15,343 unique patients were seen for 26,647 visits. The alert significantly impacted captured opportunities to complete the primary series in both well-child and acute care visits (57.6% on vs. 54.3% off, p = 0.001, and 15.3% on vs. 10.1% off, p = 0.02, respectively), among most age groups, and several immunization types. Captured opportunities for CMC-specific immunizations remained low regardless of alert status. The alert did not have an effect on up-to-date immunization overall (89.1 vs. 88.3%).
Conclusion CDS in this population improved captured immunization opportunities. Baseline high rates may have blunted an up-to-date population effect. Converting Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) rules to generate sufficiently sensitive and specific alerts for CMC-specific immunizations proved challenging, and the alert did not have an impact on CMC-specific immunizations, potentially highlighting need for more work in this area.
Granular Cell Tumor and Spindle Cell Oncocytoma of the Pituitary Gland: Imaging and Intraoperative Cytology Diagnostic Dilemmas and Management Challenges
Authors: Kandregula Sandeep , Shashidhar Abhinith , Rao Shilpa , Beniwal Manish , Shukla Dhaval , Srinivas Dwarakanath , Saini Jitender , Mahadevan Anita , Santosh Vani , Arimappamagan Arivazhagan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Tumors arising from the posterior pituitary gland are rare and closely resemble pituitary adenoma in presentation and imaging. Most of them come as a histopathologic surprise. We have analyzed the posterior pituitary tumors managed in our institute and have discussed the dilemmas in imaging, challenges in intraoperative squash cytology, and surgical management.
Methods We retrospectively reviewed our operative database of pituitary tumors over the past 10 years, which included five posterior pituitary tumors (three granular cell tumors [GCTs] and two spindle cell oncocytomas [SCOs]). Clinical, imaging, and endocrine characteristics; intraoperative details; histopathologic features; and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed.
Results The mean age of the patients was 47 years. All patients presented with varying degrees of vision loss. Radiology revealed a sellar / suprasellar lesion with the pituitary gland seen separately in two of three GCTs, whereas a separate pituitary gland could not be identified in both the SCOs. Pituitary adenoma was a radiologic diagnosis in only two of five cases. Three patients underwent a transsphenoidal surgery, whereas two underwent surgery by the transcranial approach. Intraoperative cytology was challenging, though a possibility of posterior pituitary tumor was considered in three of four cases, whereas one was considered meningioma. All the tumors were very vascular and influenced the extent of resection.
Conclusions GCTs and SCOs are relatively uncommon tumors that are difficult to diagnose on preoperative imaging. Intraoperative squash cytology too can pose challenges. A preoperative suspicion can prepare the surgeon for surgery of these hypervascular tumors. The transcranial approach may be necessary in cases of uncertainty in imaging.
Synchronized beamline at FLASH2 based on high-order harmonic generation for two-color dynamics studies
Authors: Appi E. , Papadopoulou C. C. , Mapa J. L. , Jusko C. , Mosel P. , Schoenberg A. , Stock J. , Feigl T. , Ališauskas S. , Lang T. , Heyl C. M. , Manschwetus B. , Brachmanski M. , Braune M. , Lindenblatt H. , Trost F. , Meister S. , Schoch P. , Trabattoni A. , Calegari F. , Treusch R. , Moshammer R. , Hartl I. , Morgner U. , Kovacev M. 
Published: December 2021

We present the design, integration, and operation of the novel vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) beamline installed at the free-electron laser (FEL) FLASH. The VUV source is based on high-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gas and is driven by an optical laser system synchronized with the timing structure of the FEL. Ultrashort pulses in the spectral range from 10 to 40 eV are coupled with the FEL in the beamline FL26, which features a reaction microscope (REMI) permanent endstation for time-resolved studies of ultrafast dynamics in atomic and molecular targets. The connection of the high-pressure gas HHG source to the ultra-high vacuum FEL beamline requires a compact and reliable system, able to encounter the challenging vacuum requirements and coupling conditions. First commissioning results show the successful operation of the beamline, reaching a VUV focused beam size of about 20 µm at the REMI endstation. Proof-of-principle photo-electron momentum measurements in argon indicate the source capabilities for future two-color pump–probe experiments.
Multipactor experiments on an S-band coaxial test cell
Authors: Langellotti Stephen V. , Jordan Nicholas M. , Lau Y. Y. , Gilgenbach Ronald M. 
Published: December 2021

Radio frequency vacuum electronics are prone to multipactor discharges. These electron discharges, driven by secondary electron emission, can disrupt and damage devices and are particularly important in satellite communication systems. We present results from a new S-band coaxial multipactor test cell which demonstrates scaling to much higher frequencies (3.05 GHz) than previous coaxial experiments (10–150 MHz). The multipactor breakdown threshold has been found to agree very well with our earlier simulated predictions. The significant effect from multipactor self-conditioning has also been demonstrated and characterized. Future experiments will use this test cell to investigate various multipactor mitigation strategies.
Effects of gypsum, irrigation and tillage on a sodic Yellow Kandosol at Carnarvon, Western Australia
Authors: Valzano F. P. , Greene R. S. B. , Murphy B. W. , Muller W. J. 
Published: December 2021

Context Kandosol soils are widely distributed in Australia and are frequently used for irrigated cropping. However, under intensive irrigated cropping they can degrade due to poor structural stability where surface soil aggregates break down as a result of slaking and dispersion; the slaking is associated with low soil organic carbon levels (<1.0 g/100 g) on these frequently cultivated soils, and the dispersion is related to the moderate level of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) combined with low electrical conductivity (EC) levels in the soil solution. Aims To investigate the effects of applied gypsum (0, 2 and 10 t/ha), irrigation with water of low EC (0.5 dS/m) and low sodium adsorption ratio (≤2), and two tillage practices, i.e. conventional tillage (CT) and reduced tillage (RT), on the structure of a marginally sodic (ESP 6) Yellow Kandosol soil. Methods The experiment was conducted at Carnarvon, Western Australia. Key results After 2 years the soil EC (1:5) and ESP levels were significantly reduced on all plots at the three gypsum rates. The three gypsum rates also significantly affected exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) and soluble Ca and Mg levels, as well as pH and dispersion values. Micromorphological examination indicated less dispersed clay with gypsum application. Conclusions The EC results indicated that the soil will require frequent re-application of gypsum to maintain electrolyte levels and prevent dispersion. With some of the variables, RT compared to CT demonstrated greater through-flow, which was attributed to the presence of more macropores in RT. Implications A change in management from semi-arid chenopod shrublands used for grazing to intensely cultivated horticulture will require careful consideration of factors causing soil structural instability.
Bacteriophage self-counting in the presence of viral replication
Authors: Yao Tianyou , Coleman Seth , Nguyen Thu Vu Phuc , Golding Ido , Igoshin Oleg A. 
Published: December 2021

SignificanceViral dormancy, in which the infected cell is not killed but rather becomes the long-term residence of the parasite, is a hallmark of viruses across kingdoms from bacteriophages to HIV. When and how viruses decide to opt for this lifestyle remains mysterious. Phage lambda, which serves as a paradigm for viral dormancy, is reported to count the number of coinfecting viruses and then uses this value to assess the abundance of potential hosts and decide whether to become dormant. Here, we use a single-cell measurement of viruses and messenger RNA together with mathematical modeling to illuminate how lambda performs this task.
The rise and fall of rationality in language
Authors: Scheffer Marten , van de Leemput Ingrid , Weinans Els , Bollen Johan 
Published: December 2021

Significance
The post-truth era has taken many by surprise. Here, we use massive language analysis to demonstrate that the rise of fact-free argumentation may perhaps be understood as part of a deeper change. After the year 1850, the use of sentiment-laden words in Google Books declined systematically, while the use of words associated with fact-based argumentation rose steadily. This pattern reversed in the 1980s, and this change accelerated around 2007, when across languages, the frequency of fact-related words dropped while emotion-laden language surged, a trend paralleled by a shift from collectivistic to individualistic language.
The Long TBLT Journey
Authors: Doughty Catherine J. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this piece, I trace Task-Based Language Teaching from Mike Long’s original conceptualization in 1985, through his development of methodological principles that are based on SLA theory and empirical evidence he gathered for three and half decades, to two recent (2010, 2015) practical examples of TBLT. Since there is still some important work to be done on remaining tricky issues, I highlight a few of these (unresolved in instructed SLA), such as sequencing according to complexity and the resilience of implicit processing mechanisms in adult language learning. In resolving these and other issues that will no doubt arise, I urge us all to follow Mike’s scrupulous lead in holding ourselves accountable to the empirical evidence.
Pleistophora hyphessobryconis
. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].
Authors: Minter D. W. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

A description is provided for
Pleistophora hyphessobryconis
, infecting fish skeletal muscles, which appear greyish or greyish white, with heavily infected areas appearing as white patches under the skin; heavy infections may extend to other body organs, although the manner of spread is not clear; atrophy of the testes ('parasitic castration') may also occur. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (South America (Peru)).
Milk production, mortality, and economic parameters in the context of heat-stressed dairy cattle
Authors: Vriezen Rachael , Vriezen Ellen , Cranfield John 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs climate change progresses, higher temperatures and longer periods of extreme weather are likely to increasingly impact the production and health of dairy cattle, in turn affecting farm-level profits and economic decision-making. This review identifies and summarizes the currently available research on the effect of climate-related heat stress or heat stress mitigation measures on milk yield, mortality, and economic parameters on dairy farms.  A scoping review approach was adopted to map the volume, range, and characteristics of the existing body of evidence and to identify research gaps. Through a comprehensive search, 286 studies published between 2010 and 2020 were identified and underwent data extraction and analysis. These studies were conducted in 46 countries, and encompassed both research and non-research herds as well as simulation models. The Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) was the most common indicator of heat stress, although a range of atmospheric, physiological, and descriptive indicators were used. Three-quarters of these studies examined at least one heat stress mitigation strategy, such as genetic manipulations, mechanical interventions, and diet manipulation. Approximately 97% of studies evaluated the impact of heat stress on milk yield, and 10% of studies examined at least one economic parameter. Research gaps exist in the analysis of economic parameters related to heat stress in dairy cattle. Given the urgent and increasing nature of climate challenges, additional economic analyses of the effects of heat stress in dairy cattle are needed to inform production and animal health decisions in a rapidly changing environment.
Spontaneous polarization effects on solid high harmonic generation in ferroelectric lithium niobate crystals
Authors: Shao Tian-Jiao , Hu Fang , Chen Hong-Bo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in ferroelectric lithium niobate (LiNbO3) is investigated theoretically by solving the semi-conductor Bloch equations. Because of the spontaneous polarization, even-order harmonics are produced in the HHG spectra of the LiNbO3 crystal driven by a monochromatic multi-cycle 3300 nm laser. Our numerical calculation shows that they are originated from the suppression of one half-optical cycle HHG process in each cycle of the driving field due to the spontaneous polarization. We also illustrate that the spontaneous polarization will increase the harmonic yield and extend the maximally attainable cutoff energy at the same time. We further report that the carrier-envelope phase dependence of HHG spectra changes from a minimum period of π rad to 2π rad when the laser polarization direction is parallel/anti-parallel to the spontaneous polarization direction in LiNbO3 crystal. This is promising to be utilized as an isolated attosecond pulse gating mechanism. Moreover, the two-color relative phase dependence of HHG in LiNbO3 is also investigated and shows broken inversion-symmetry.
Embedding Co2P nanoparticles in Cu doping carbon fibers for Zn–air batteries and supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Xingwei , Liang Haiou , Yu Haiyan , Bai Jie , Li Chunping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Developing highly efficient and non-precious materials for Zn–air batteries (ZABs) and supercapacitors (SCs) are still crucial and challenging. Herein, electronic reconfiguration and introducing conductive carbon-based materials are simultaneously conducted to enhance the ZABs and SCs performance of Co2P. We develop a simple and efficient electrospinning technology followed by carbonization process to synthesize embedding Co2P nanoparticles in Cu doping carbon nanofibers (Cu-Co2P/CNFs). As a result, the 7% Cu-Co2P/CNFs presents high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity (half-wave potential of 0.792 V for ORR, an overpotential of 360 mV for OER). The ZABs exhibit a power density of 230 mW cm−2 and excellent discharge-charge stability of 80 h. In addition, the 7% Cu-Co2P/CNFs show the specific capacitance of 558 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. Moreover, the 7% Cu-Co2P/CNFs//CNFs asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled applying 7% Cu-Co2P/CNFs electrode and pure CNFs, which exhibits a high energy density (25.9 Wh kg−1), exceptional power density (217.5 kW kg−1) and excellent cycle stability (96.6% retention after 10 000 cycles). This work may provide an effective way to prepared Co2P based materials for ZABs and SCs applications.
Resistive MHD modes in hollow cathodes external plasma
Authors: Becatti G , Burgalassi F , Paganucci F , Zuin M , Goebel D M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A significant number of plasma instabilities occur in the region just outside of hollow cathodes, depending on the injected gas flow, the current level and the application of an external magnetic field. In particular, the presence of an axial magnetic field induces a helical mode, affecting all the plasma parameters and the total current transported by the plasma. To explore the onset and behavior of this helical mode, the fluctuations in the plasma parameters in the current-carrying plume outside of a hollow cathode discharge have been investigated. The hollow cathode was operated at a current of 25 A, and at variable levels of propellant flow rate and applied magnetic fields. Electromagnetic probes were used to measure the electromagnetic fluctuations, and correlation analysis between each of the probe signals provided spatial-temporal characterization of the generated waves. Time-averaged plasma parameters, such as plasma potential and ion energy distribution function, were also collected in the near-cathode plume region by means of scanning emissive probe and retarding potential analyzer. The results show that the helical mode exists in the cathode plume at sufficiently high applied magnetic field, and is characterized by the presence of a finite electromagnetic component in the axial direction, detectable at discharge currents ⩾25 A. A theoretical analysis of this mode reveals that one possible explanation is consistent with the hypotheses of resistive magnetohydrodynamics, which predicts the presence of helical modes in the forms of resistive kink. The analysis has been carried out by linear perturbation of the resistive MHD equations, from which it is possible to obtain the dispersion relation of the mode and find the k–ω unstable branch associated with the instability. These findings provided the basis for more detailed investigation of resistive MHD modes and their effect in the plume of hollow cathodes developed for electric propulsion application.
Investigating two-stage degradation of threshold voltage induced by off-state stress in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs
Authors: Lin Yu-Shan , Chen Yi-Lin , Chang Ting-Chang , Ciou Fong-Min , Zhu Qing , Tai Mao‐Chou , Su Wan-Ching , Kuo Ting-Tzu , Chen Kuan-Hsu , Zhu Jie-Jie , Mi Min-Han , Ma Xiao-Hua , Hao Yue 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, a two-step degradation phenomenon in D-mode Si3N4/AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor-high electron mobility transistors is discussed systematically. During off-state stress, threshold voltage shifts positively for a short duration, and is followed by a negative shift. In contrast, the off-state leakage continues to decrease throughout the entire stress. Results of varied measurement conditions indicate that carrier trapping at different regions dominates this phenomenon. It is interesting that under a large lateral electric field, electron–hole pairs are generated and will then be trapped at the gate dielectric layer. Furthermore, when increasing the stress temperature, impact ionization due to carriers from the gate electrode becomes more severe. Finally, devices with different gate insulator thicknesses are performed to verify the physical model of the degradation behavior.
A review of quantum transport in field-effect transistors
Authors: Ferry David K , Weinbub Josef , Nedjalkov Mihail , Selberherr Siegfried 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Confinement in small structures has required quantum mechanics, which has been known for a great many years. This leads to quantum transport. The field-effect transistor has had no need to be described by quantum transport over most of the century for which it has existed. But, this has changed in the past few decades, as modern versions tend to be absolutely controlled by quantum confinement and the resulting modifications to the normal classical descriptions. In addition, correlation and confinement lead to a need for describing the transport by quantum methods as well. In this review, we describe the quantum effects and the methods of treament through various approaches to quantum transport.
Data acquisition and slow control interface for the Mu2e experiment
Authors: Gioiosa A. , Bonventre R. , Donati S. , Flumerfelt E. , Horton-Smith G. , Morescalchi L. , O’Dell V. , Pedreschi E. , Pezzullo G. , Spinella F. , Uplegger L. , Rivera R.A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Mu2e experiment at the Fermilab Muon Campus will search for the coherent neutrinoless conversion of a muon into an electron in the field of an aluminum nucleus with a sensitivity improvement by a factor of 10000 over existing limits. The Mu2e Trigger and Data Acquisition System (TDAQ) uses otsdaq as the online Data Acquisition System (DAQ) solution. Developed at Fermilab, otsdaq integrates both the artdaq DAQ and the art analysis frameworks for event transfer, filtering, and processing. otsdaq is an online DAQ software suite with a focus on flexibility and scalability and provides a multi-user, web-based, interface accessible through a web browser. The data stream from the detector subsystems is read by a software filter algorithm that selects events which are combined with the data flux coming from a cosmic ray veto system. The Detector Control System (DCS) has been developed using the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) open source platform for monitoring, controlling, alarming, and archiving. The DCS system has been integrated into otsdaq. A prototype of the TDAQ and the DCS systems has been built at Fermilab’s Feynman Computing Center. In this paper, we report on the progress of the integration of this prototype in the online otsdaq software.