bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health and economic imperatives for households in the context of the anti-Covid-19 strategy in Cameroon. The case of Yaounde
Authors: Ndi Humphrey Ngala , Ndi Roland Akoh , Bang Henry Ngenyam , Mbah Marcellus Forh , Ndzo Judwin Alieh 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the responses of households in the informal economic sector to the Cameroon Government strategy against Covid-19 in Yaounde, Cameroon between March and May 2020.

Design/methodology/approach
Given the recency of Covid-19, the exploratory design was used to collect and analyse information for the study. Empirical data was obtained through personal observations and questionnaires, whereas grey data were sourced from official sources in government and international agencies in Yaounde. The mode of the ordinal data generated from the questionnaire was used to characterise the attitudes of respondents to quarantine measures and bar charts were used to illustrate the distribution of responses.

Findings
The government’s strategy against Covid-19 was largely ignored in Yaounde between March and May 2020 because of the influence of the predominantly informal economy on household’s ability to allocate scarce resources between the competing needs of protecting their health on the one hand, and their livelihoods on the other hand. Poor households had to walk a difficult line between shutting down their businesses to protect their health or risking Covid-19 infections to protect their livelihoods. Over 53.1% of respondents thought quarantine measures were unsuccessful as over 63% ignored them. Quarantining and Social distancing were also difficult in informal settlements because of structural congestion.

Research limitations/implications
Perhaps, the greatest limitation of this study was the use of non-probability sampling. As such, sampling error could not be estimated, blurring the ability to ascertain the degree of similarity between the sample and the study population. This made sample generalisability difficult.

Practical implications
There are short-term and long-term policy implications of these findings. Basic comprehensive measures including food and water distribution, as well as rent holidays, must be implemented in informal neighbourhoods to ensure more successful quarantines in future pandemics. In the long run, investments in urban social housing must be carried out to reduce slums, an ever-present risk factor in the rapid propagation of infections.

Originality/value
The originality of this study is first, in its level of analysis which is the household. By measuring household responses to quarantine measures within defined neighbourhoods, the study deviates from most that have adopted a theoretical approach and conducted analysis at country or regional levels. Few studies have attempted to investigate the failure of quarantine measures against Covid-19 from the viewpoint of the occupational characteristics of the populations involved.
Exploring knowledge sharing behavior in healthcare organizations: an integrated perspective of the empowerment theory and self-determination theory
Authors: Wu Su-Ying , Wang Wei-Tsong , Hsieh Yu-Han 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study examines the role of user psychological empowerment (PE) as a specific type of PE in the context of using health information systems (HIS) and incorporates the contribution of autonomous motivation and knowledge sharing intention (KSI) to the resolution of the key dynamics of interpersonal knowledge sharing behavior (KSB) in healthcare organizations.Design/methodology/approachFor the data analysis, survey data were collected from 350 employees at three large teaching hospitals in Taiwan. In this study, the partial least squares technique was used with SmartPLS 3.3 software to validate the research model.FindingsUser PE had significant positive effects on autonomous motivation, KSI and KSB. Additionally, autonomous motivation positively affected KSB directly and indirectly via KSI.Practical implicationsInsights into motivation (e.g. user PE and autonomous motivation) play a key role in driving KSI and lead to effective KSB, which aids managers in tailoring their efforts to foster knowledge dissemination and enhance organizational performance.Originality/valueWhile finding ways to encourage employees to share knowledge with one another in an organization is an important task, there exists a lack of understanding as to how this task can be accomplished in the context of healthcare organizations. This study is the first to specifically address this issue from a perspective integrating PE and self-determination theory while also incorporating the HIS context with population-specific measures (healthcare organizations) to expand the application of empowerment theory to the information system domain.
The impact of a proactive personality on innovative work behavior: the role of work engagement and transformational leadership
Authors: Mubarak Namra , Khan Jabran , Yasmin Robina , Osmadi Atasya 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThrough the lens of social exchange theory, this study aims to assess the relationship between proactive personality and innovative work behavior by incorporating the mediating role of work engagement and moderating role of transformational leadership between proactive personality and work engagement.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 259 employees working in Pakistani small-medium enterprises (SMEs). The purposive sampling technique was used to collect data. For hypothesis testing, Preacher and Hayes process macro was employed.FindingsConfirmatory factor analysis verified the distinctiveness of the variables used in this study. The findings show that a proactive personality had a positive influence on innovative work behavior directly and indirectly through work engagement, and transformational leadership positively moderates the relationship between a proactive personality and work engagement in such a way that with high transformational leadership behavior relationship will be strengthened.Originality/valueThis study has addressed three research questions that have been left unanswered in the literature. The initial research question is “how proactive personality enhances innovative work behavior?” This study found that proactive personality enhanced innovative work behavior. The second research question is “what are the suggested mechanisms for proactive personality to promote innovative work behavior?” This study has proven that a proactive personality enhanced innovative work behavior through an important mediating mechanism, namely work engagement. Finally, the third question of the study is “does transformational leadership moderate the relationship between proactive personality and work engagement? The study shows that transformational leadership positively moderates between proactive personality and work engagement.
Small–medium enterprise formation and Nigerian economic growth
Authors: Adeosun Oluyemi Theophilus , Shittu Ayodele Ibrahim 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study examines the nexus between entrepreneurship through small–medium enterprise (SME) business formation and the growth of the Nigerian economy. Furthermore, this paper seeks to explore the link between small enterprise development and econo.Design/methodology/approachThe paper focused on secondary data for the period 1990–2016 for macro parameters including, registered small and medium scale enterprise, nominal gross domestic product, employment, total labor force and population. Forecasting technique was applied to obtain data for missing trends. Quantitative analytical techniques used include the dynamic method of the error correction model (ECM) and Johansen co-integration test for a long-run correlation.FindingsThe result shows an increasing number of SME formation which has also led to the growth of the economy. However, an increase in the amount of micro-small and medium scale enterprises did not contribute to the development of the economy more than existing businesses. The employment elasticity is positive and significant and shows that the contribution of entrepreneurship regarding employment is the most essential factor that advances economic growth and reduction of unemployment.Originality/valueThe paper examines how the persistent increase in small and medium enterprise formation improves the growth and development of the Nigerian economy, employing the ECM approach.
A stable and sensitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of metsulfuron‐methyl residues in foods
Authors: Liu Bing , Qin Yue , Cao Meirong , Shi Haipeng , Li Shijie , Sheng Wei , Wang Shuo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA hapten of metsulfuron‐methyl was successfully designed and synthesized from 2‐methylester‐phenylsulfonamide and succinic anhydride, and the polyclonal antibody against metsulfuron‐methyl was prepared by immunization procedure with the hapten–bovine serum albumin conjugate. A stable and sensitive direct competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (dcELISA) method had been developed under the optimal conditions. The sensitivity (IC50) was 37.03 ± 1.87 µg/L, and the detection line (IC15) was 1.57 ± 0.11 µg/L. Rice, wheat, oat, flaxseed, milk, and water were chosen to study the recovery test and the recovery rates were 83.11%–117.44% . The matrix effect was eliminated by a simple dilution of the sample extracts. The results from dcELISA were well agreement with the results from HPLC–MS. It was indicated that the developed method had good accuracy and stability. It could be applied for the detection of metsulfuron‐methyl residues. It was worth mentioning that the antibody could recognize metsulfuron‐methyl and tribenuron‐methyl with cross‐reactivities of 100% and 49.72%, respectively. In order to understand the cross‐reactivity, molecular modeling including molecular alignment and electrostatic potential surfaces were introduced. It was found that the special group of metsulfuron‐methyl played an important role, especially on C3 position of the phenyl group.Practical ApplicationA stable, sensitive, and low‐cost dc ELISA method had been developed with good accuracy and applied in the determination of metsulfuron‐methyl in foods. Molecular simulation was introduced to understand the specificity between the antibody and the analyst. It was a good method to study the cross‐reactivity between the antibody and the analyst or analogue.
The Effects of Information Acquisition Effort, Psychological Ownership, and Reporting Context on Opportunistic Managerial Reporting*
Authors: Haesebrouck Katlijn 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTWithin the context of managerial reporting, the tasks of acquiring and reporting information are logically connected. Although the accounting literature acknowledges their importance, it often treats these tasks as distinct processes. I investigate how the effort exerted to acquire information influences managers' reporting. Managers' information acquisition effort can induce psychological ownership that can lead to a sense of deservingness that increases opportunistic reporting or to a sense of responsibility that reduces opportunism. I predict that the reporting context determines the ultimate effect of information acquisition effort on reporting behavior. I test this prediction with a 2×2 budget reporting experiment. Managers are either endowed with information to report or required to exert effort to earn it, with the latter expected to generate more psychological ownership. In addition, I manipulate the saliency of honesty in the reporting context by framing reporting in terms of a business dilemma (less salient honesty) or an ethical dilemma (more salient honesty). I find that when honesty is less salient, managers build more slack into their report under earned information than endowed information. In contrast, more salient honesty alleviates the effect of earned information on slack. In a supplemental experiment, I find similar results when all managers are endowed with information to report but psychological ownership is manipulated via different firm messaging. These results have important implications for theory and practice. For example, in a less salient honesty context, technological investments that reduce managers' effort needed to acquire information can also help decrease opportunistic reporting.
Medication‐related hospital admissions in aged care residents
Authors: Kalisch Ellett Lisa M. , Kassie Gizat M. , Caughey Gillian E. , Pratt Nicole L. , Ramsay Emmae N. , Roughead Elizabeth E. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of medication‐related hospitalisations preceded by potentially suboptimal processes of care in aged care residents.MethodWe conducted a retrospective analysis of administrative claims data from the Australian Government Department of Veterans’ Affairs (DVA). We identified all hospital admissions for aged care residents between 1 July 2014 and 30 June 2019. The proportion of hospital admissions preceded by potentially suboptimal medication‐related processes of care was determined.ResultsA total of 18 874 hospitalisations were included, and 46% were preceded by potentially suboptimal medication‐related care. One‐quarter of fracture admissions occurred in residents at risk of fracture who were not using a medicine to prevent fracture, and 87% occurred in residents using falls‐risk medicines. Thirty per cent of heart failure admissions occurred in patients who were not using an angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker.ConclusionNearly half of hospital admissions were preceded by potentially suboptimal medication‐related processes of care. Interventions to improve use of medicines for aged care residents in these areas are warranted.
Free human DNA attenuates the activity of antimicrobial peptides in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kopfnagel Verena , Dreyer Sylvia , Zeitvogel Jana , Pieper Dietmar H. , Buch Anna , Sodeik Beate , Rademacher Franziska , Harder Jürgen , Werfel Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe high susceptibility of AD patients to microbial skin infections has been attributed to a deficient antimicrobial peptide (AMP) expression, which is contradicted by a growing amount of recent studies clearly demonstrating that AMP expression is not impaired in lesional skin of AD patients. The reasons for the high susceptibility of AD patients to microbial infections are still unknown.MethodsThe influence of self‐DNA on the antimicrobial activity of RNase 7, LL‐37, and hBD2 has been investigated using antibacterial and antiviral assays. The amount of self‐DNA on skin has been analyzed by skin rinsings and subsequent quantification using dsDNA assays. DNA source was identified by qPCR.ResultsComplex formation of the AMPs with self‐DNA significantly impaired their antibacterial activity againstStaphylococcus aureusand their antiviral activity againstHSV‐1. The inhibition of the antibacterial activity was dependent on the DNA concentration but not on the length of the DNA molecules. Of note, we detected significant higher amounts of cell‐free self‐DNA in skin rinses taken from lesional AD skin compared to skin rinses from non‐lesional skin and from normal skin of healthy donors. Consequently, rinse solution from AD lesional skin prevented antibacterial activity of LL‐37.ConclusionOur study indicates that extracellular self‐DNA is released in considerable amounts in AD skin lesions and AMP‐self‐DNA‐complex formation leads to a significant loss of antibacterial and antiviral activity in atopic dermatitis. Studies on strategies to reduce the amount of extracellular DNA in AD are needed to identify possible methods relevant in clinical settings.
Prolonged QT intervals in mice with cardiomyocyte‐specific deficiency of the molecular clock
Authors: Gottlieb Lisa A. , Larsen Karin , Halade Ganesh V. , Young Martin E. , Thomsen Morten B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimCardiac arrhythmias and sudden deaths have diurnal rhythms in humans. The underlying mechanisms are unknown. Mice with cardiomyocyte‐specific disruption of the molecular clock genes have lower heart rate than control. Because changes in the QT interval on the electrocardiogram is a clinically used marker of risk of arrhythmias, we sought to test if the biological rhythms of QT intervals are dependent on heart rate and if this dependency is changed when the molecular clock is disrupted.MethodsWe implanted radio transmitters in male mice with cardiomyocyte‐specific Bmal1 knockout (CBK) and in control mice and recorded 24‐h ECGs under diurnal and circadian conditions. We obtained left ventricular monophasic action potentials during pacing in hearts ex vivo.ResultsBoth RR and QT intervals were longer in conscious CBK than control mice (RR: 117 ± 7 vs 110 ± 9 ms, P < .05; and QT: 53 ± 4 vs 48 ± 2 ms, P < .05). The prolonged QT interval was independent of the slow heart rate in CBK mice. The QT interval exhibited diurnal and circadian rhythms in both CBK and control mice. The action potential duration was longer in CBK than in control mice, indicating slower repolarization. Action potential alternans occurred at lower pacing rate in hearts from CBK than control mice (12 ± 3 vs 16 ± 2 Hz, respectively, P < .05).ConclusionThe bradycardic CBK mice have prolonged ventricular repolarization independent of the heart rate. Diurnal and circadian rhythms in repolarization are preserved in CBK mice and are not a consequence of the 24‐h rhythm in heart rate. Arrhythmia vulnerability appears to be increased when the cardiac clock is disrupted.
Measuring goal progress using the goal‐based outcome measure in Jigsaw – A primary care youth mental health service
Authors: O'Reilly Aileen , McKenna Niamh , Fitzgerald Amanda 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundJigsaw is a primary care youth mental health service designed to increase access to and utilisation of mental health supports for 12‐ to 25‐year‐olds. Effectiveness in community youth mental health services is typically assessed using standardised instruments. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Jigsaw’s brief intervention model of support using an idiographic tool, the goal‐based outcome (GBO) measure. The study also aimed to explore the type of goals set by young people engaging with this service.MethodThe study sample consisted of a secondary dataset of 4839 young people aged 12–25 years (63.5% female, 36.5% male) who engaged with one of Jigsaw’s 13 brief intervention services. Overall, 7366 goals set using the GBO were examined. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted to examine the type of goals set by young people, and inferential analyses were used to examine statistical and reliable changes in goal progress.ResultsThe goals young people set focused on developing coping mechanisms and personal growth and managing interpersonal difficulties. Mean scores for progress towards goals improved significantly from pre‐ to postintervention. The reliable change index (RCI) indicated that change greater than 2.82 points represents reliable change on the GBO, with 78.6% of young people showing reliable improvement. Demographic characteristics did not impact goal progress.ConclusionThese findings suggest Jigsaw’s brief intervention model of support is effective in assisting young people reach their goals and that the GBO is a suitable measure for young people attending a community‐based youth mental health service.
T‐cell infiltration, contribution and regulation in the central nervous system post‐traumatic injury
Authors: Xu Lvwan , Ye Xin , Wang Qingyi , Xu Bihan , Zhong Jinjie , Chen Ying‐ying , Wang Lin‐lin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractT cells participate in the repair process and immune response in the CNS post‐traumatic injury and play both a beneficial and harmful role. Together with nerve cells and other immune cells, they form a microenvironment in the CNS post‐traumatic injury. The repair of traumatic CNS injury is a long‐term process. T cells contribute to the repair of the injury site to influence the recovery. Recently, with the advance of new techniques, such as mass spectrometry‐based flow cytometry, modern live‐cell imaging, etc, research focusing on T cells is becoming one of the valuable directions for the future therapy of traumatic CNS injury. In this review, we summarized the infiltration, contribution and regulation of T cells in post‐traumatic injury, discussed the clinical significance and predicted the future research direction.
Impact of pregnancy on the trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors in women with and without gestational diabetes
Authors: Retnakaran Ravi , Shah Baiju R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsThe elevated lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease in women who develop gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been attributed to adverse life‐course trajectories of cardiovascular risk factors that arise before pregnancy and continue thereafter. We hypothesized that pregnancy may differentially affect these trajectories in women who develop GDM and those who do not.Materials and methodsWith population‐based administrative databases, we identified all nulliparous women in Ontario, Canada, who had singleton pregnancies between January 2011 and December 2016 and ≥2 measurements of the following analytes both before and after pregnancy: glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, lipids and transaminases. In total, 39 581 women (4373 with GDM) had 3.9 ± 3.4 tests before and 4.6 ± 5.4 tests after pregnancy.ResultsBoth before and after pregnancy, women who developed GDM had higher HbA1c, fasting glucose, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol and triglycerides than their peers, with lower high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol (all p < .0001). Before pregnancy, women who went on to GDM had higher annual increases than their peers did in HbA1c, fasting glucose and triglycerides (all p ≤ .01); lesser annual decrease in LDL (p = .0003); and greater annual decrease in HDL (p = .0006). Compared with pre‐pregnancy, the postpartum differences in annual rates of change in HbA1c and fasting glucose were 6.9‐ and 3.3‐fold higher, respectively, in women with GDM. Conversely, the respective postpartum differences in annual rates of change in triglycerides, LDL and HDL were 1.2, 1.6 and 0.3 times lower than before pregnancy.ConclusionAfter pregnancy, differences in pregravid trajectories of glycaemic measures are amplified between women with GDM and their peers. In contrast, pregravid differences in lipid measures persist but do not differentially worsen after pregnancy.