bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The equivalence of several conjectures on independence of $\ell$
Authors: van Dobben de Bruyn Remy 
Published: February 2021

We consider several conjectures on the independence of $\ell$ of the \'etale cohomology of (singular, open) varieties over $\bar{\mathbf F}_p$. The main result is that independence of $\ell$ of the Betti numbers $h^i_{\text{c}}(X,\mathbf Q_\ell)$ for arbitrary varieties is equivalent to independence of $\ell$ of homological equivalence $\sim_{\text{hom},\ell}$ for cycles on smooth projective varieties. We give several other equivalent statements. As a surprising consequence, we prove that independence of $\ell$ of Betti numbers for smooth quasi-projective varieties implies the same result for arbitrary separated finite type $k$-schemes.Comment: Published version. 27 pages
Gushel--Mukai varieties: intermediate Jacobians
Authors: Debarre Olivier , Kuznetsov Alexander 
Published: February 2021

We describe intermediate Jacobians of Gushel-Mukai varieties $X$ of dimensions 3 or 5: if $A$ is the Lagrangian space associated with $X$, we prove that the intermediate Jacobian of $X$ is isomorphic to the Albanese variety of the canonical double covering of any of the two dual Eisenbud-Popescu-Walter surfaces associated with $A$. As an application, we describe the period maps for Gushel-Mukai threefolds and fivefolds.Comment: 48 pages. Latest addition to our series of articles on the geometry of Gushel-Mukai varieties; v2: minor stylistic improvements, results unchanged; v3: minor improvements; v4: final version, published in EPIGA
THE INFLUENCE OF MALE ADOLESCENT REBELLION ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Macharia Jane , Shikuku Dr. Mulambula M 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine influence of male adolescent rebellion on academic performance in public secondary schools in Kiambu district. Methodology: The study used ex-post facto research design. Stratified sampling was used to select the participants in the study. Schools were stratified into single sex and co-education schools. Systematic sampling using the class lists was used to identify the students who constituted the sample. The research instruments were the students’ questionnaire, the deputy principal’s and the teacher counsellor’s interview guide. The sample constituted 240 male students, six deputy principles and six teacher counselors. A pilot study was done to pre-test the research instruments so as to estimate their reliability and validity. Data collected was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings were presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics included, frequency distribution, means, bar graphs, and tabulated according to the research objectives. Inferential statistics used included Chi Square and pearson correlation to test the hypotheses at 90% and 95% level of confidence; correlation coefficient was used to measure the strength of linear relationship between the variables of the study.Results: The results indicated that there was no statistically significant relationship between adolescent rebellion and academic performanceUnique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study came up with a model that is recommended to schools for adoption by guidance and counselling teachers to help create awareness and understanding to both the students and parents with the aim of improving or bettering their relationship, academic performance and prevent rebellion in public secondary schools.
NATURE OF TELEVISED ANIMATED CARTOONS WATCHED BY CHILDREN AGED SEVEN TO ELEVEN YEARS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
Authors: Kidenda Mary Claire Akinyi 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the nature of televised animated cartoons watched by children aged seven and eleven years in Nairobi County, Kenya. It is about cartoon-consumer relationship in an effort to discover the impacts of animated cartoons on children in Nairobi. It also raises awareness on the implications of raising children in Nairobi on an animated cartoon content that is designed mainly from Euro-American and not local values, attitudes and sensibilities. It is hoped that the findings and conclusions herein will help generate cartoons that can educate Kenyan children to live in ways that are socially and culturally desirable. Methodology: The study used descriptive survey method to collect information through casual interviews and self-administered questionnaires.Findings: This study suggests that animated cartoons have discernible impacts on children in Nairobi in that they influence the children to construct their worldview and create perceptions that are alien to Kenya. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Between the ages of seven to eleven years children are excellent imitators but poor evaluators, therefore, the non-African ideals and values portrayed in the animated cartoons are increasingly defining the perception and attitudes towards gender roles, sexuality, body images and role modelling of children who consume animated cartoons in Nairobi. This is because these children are in that stage where images and impressions from diverse environments play a big part in how they construct their world.
Teachers’ Instructional Practices for Promoting Primary One Learners’ Mathematics Competence: A Comparative Study of Busiro and Luuka, Uganda
Authors: Kisa Sarah , Ejuu Godfrey , Asiimwe Joyce Ayikoru 
Published: February 2021

Purpose: Mathematics is a globally compulsory school subject and plays a fundamental role in an individual’s daily life activities. Elementary school teachers’ instructional practices are key in fostering among learners the foundational competences in basic number operations. This study explored the instructional practices Primary One teachers in Busiro North and Luuka North Counties can adopt from each other in order to enhance their learners’ mathematics competence.Methodology: A qualitative approach with an observational multiple case study design was employed to obtain data from 74 purposively selected teachers. Data was collected through non-participant observation. Each teacher was observed teaching mathematics to Primary One learners and interviewed after the lesson. Data obtained was analysed descriptively.Findings: Findings indicate that teachers use songs, rhymes and games involving mathematical concepts, in both English language and the local languages to help learners attain competence. Teachers have also embraced use of locally available materials like woven plastic propylene bags (buveera) and banana fibres to make and decorate charts in the classrooms’ mathematics learning areas. Attention grabbers like “Good children, Good teacher”; “We, Work”; are common verbal interactions between teacher and learners when the class seems to lose concentration. Teachers recognise learners’ efforts when they correctly answer oral, written or practical tasks by asking the class to give a classmate “flowers” or “the pa-pa-pa clap”.Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: For teachers to help learners’ master mathematical concepts and augment their competence, they should build on learners’ experience and prior knowledge, give learners opportunities to explain their mathematical ideas and use the think – pair – share strategy during problem solving.
UCHUNGUZI WA UUNDAJI WA VITAMBULISHO VYA UTAIFA KATIKA TAMTHILIA YA MSTAHIKI MEYA
Authors: Mung`ala Margaret June Achieng` , Nyandoro George Obara , Moochi Charles Nyandoro 
Published: February 2021

Utafiti huu ulichunguza uundaji wa vitambulisho vya utaifa katika tamthilia ya Mstahiki Meya, Arege (2009).Tamthilia ni kazi ya kidrama na ya kimaongezi ambayo huigizwa mbele ya hadhira au ni kazi iliyoandikwa ili kusomwa na hadhira. Isitoshe maagizo haya huakisi hali halisi katika jamii. Lengo kuu la kutunga tamthilia ni kuadilisha na kuwawezesha wananchi kutambua baadhi ya mambo yanayotendeka katika jamii halisi kwa kuwa, fasihi ni ukweli wa maisha. Vitambulisho ni sifa, hisia ama imani ambazo humtofautisha mtu au kabila au raia wa nchi fulani na nyingine. Huku utaifa ni hali ambapo wananchi wote hujitambua kuwa sawa katika taifa fulani na hushiriki kwa pamoja katika kuleta amani na maendeleo taifani mwao.Utafiti huu ulinuia kujibu swali lifuatalo, Kwanza, dhana ya vitambulisho vya utaifa vimejitokezaje kwa mujibu wa tamthilia ya Mstahiki Meya? Utafiti huu uliongozwa na nadharia ya uhistoria mpya ikishirikiana na nadharia ya utaifa. Umuhimu wa utafiti huu ni kwamba, utaongeza maarifa katika nadharia na mbinu za uhakiki wa tamthilia za Kiswahili nchini Kenya, kwa kurejelea na kuweka wazi vitambulisho vya utaifa, pia utaweza kutumika katika taaluma ya fasihi hususan tamthilia, kama marejeleo na itawasaidia wanafunzi na watafiti watakaotaka marejeo ya tamthilia ya Kiswahili nchini Kenya ili kuweka wazi vitambulisho vya utaifa na jinsi vinavyojitokeza katika tamthilia, vilevile ni malighafi kwani utatoa mchango mkubwa katika historia ya tamthilia nchini Kenya na kutajirisha maktaba ya chuo kikuu cha Kisii. Aidha, tume ya utangamano wa taifa nchini Kenya (NCIC), itagundua umuhimu wa fasihi kupitia tamthilia, katika uundaji wa vitambulisho vya utaifa inayoendeleza utangamano nchini hivyo basi itawawezesha kufadhili tafiti zitakazonuia kushughulikia suala hili. Uchunguzi huu ulifanywa maktabani. Muundo wa utafiti uliotumiwa ni utafiti elezi. Kwa hivyo matokeo yaliwasilishwa kupitia maelezo
LA ENSEÑANZA DE LAS CIENCIAS EN LA EDUCACIÓN NO FORMAL A TODOS LOS NIVELES
Authors: Fernández Novell Josep María , Zaragoza Domenech Carme 
Published: February 2021

Todo aquello que englobamos dentro de la palabra "ciencia" nos indica que cualquiera de ellas, desde la biología a la química o desde la física y la medicina hasta la ingeniería y las matemáticas, están formadas por unos conocimientos, unas metodologías y unos procesos de investigación. Se presentarán las actividades científicas que, utilizando la metodología de la indagación, se han realizado dentro de una "Educación no formal". Talleres y conferencias para personas adultas con poco o nulo conocimiento científico, así como juegos y experimentos preparados para niños y niñas de educación infantil y primaria. Para nuestra audiencia, la indagación implica realizar observaciones, formular preguntas, realizar experimentos, analizar e interpretar los datos obtenidos en los experimentos para después proponer explicaciones y hacer más preguntas. En general, las actividades realizadas en los talleres para adultos y en las experiencias con los más pequeños se desarrollan de forma colaborativa, en grupos de 2 o 3 personas interactuando entre ellas, se pretende que las personas participantes disfruten con los experimentos científicos. Además, sobre todo con los más jóvenes, es muy importante la participación de una científica en la realización de los experimentos así como nombrar hombres y mujeres que han participado en la ciencia que se expone, así se potenciará el interés científico de todos ellos y se les muestran ejemplos a seguir, en especial en el caso de las niñas. Estas actividades, dirigidas a segmentos distintos de nuestra sociedad, pretenden propagar la ciencia y abrir un diálogo entre la ciencia en general y dicha sociedad para corregir ciertas actitudes en contra del conocimiento científico (léase los discursos sobre antivacunas, pseudomedicinas y otros).
HISTORIA DE LA CIENCIA Y LA CIENCIA EN LAS CLASSES DE HISTORIA
Authors: Fernández Novell Josep María , Zaragoza Domenech Carme 
Published: February 2021

En los últimos años, en Europa, ha disminuido el interés hacia el estudio de la ciencia a pesar de que esta impulsa nuestro mundo. Hoy en día, en las clases de física, química, biología, matemáticas o tecnología en la enseñanza secundaria o, incluso, en muchas asignaturas de las carreras científicas, la mayoría del profesorado acompaña la explicación con una parte de su historia. Es sabido que desde hace unos años, los trabajos científicos que se realizan en los diversos niveles educativos ha aumentado el porcentaje de una explicación histórica que acompañe a los descubrimientos descritos. ¿Por qué, entonces, en las clases de historia o de filosofía de secundaria no se habla de cómo ha evolucionado la ciencia en aquel tiempo histórico o en el momento de aquel pensamiento? Cabe recordar que en la mayoría de universidades encontramos asignaturas, másteres e incluso doctorados en "Historia de la ciencia" y "Filosofía de la ciencia" ¿Por qué en secundaria obligatoria y postobligatoria es tan difícil que se relacionen, de forma positiva, asignaturas sociales con científicas?. Entre todos los profesionales de la educación deberíamos encontrar cómo mejorar esta relación. En este artículo se propondrán métodos y actividades relacionadas con el enfoque educativo "STEAM" a desarrollar en las clases de historia, filosofía y afines para hacerlas más interesantes. Todo ello para aumentar el interés hacia las ciencias sociales y el mundo científico a nuestra juventud y de paso a sus familiares, nuestra sociedad.
Recursos para Flipped Learning: Moodle versus Edpuzzle
Authors: Gallardo López Nuria E. , Caleya Zambrano Antonia M. , Feijóo García Gonzalo , Sánchez Sánchez Esperanza , De Nova García Joaquín , Mourelle Martínez Rosa 
Published: February 2021

La principal particularidad del modelo invertido de aprendizaje o flipped learning (FL) radica en el cambio de roles profesor-estudiante y lo que supone respecto a la distribución del tiempo para ambos. Durante la clase, no se incorporan nuevos conocimientos, estos los adquiere el alumno con anterioridad, pero se resuelven dudas y se realizan prácticas o ejercicios con el apoyo del profesor. Para los docentes, esta inversión del uso del tiempo marca una gran diferencia entre los modelos de aprendizaje invertido y tradicional. Utilizar FL, especialmente si nunca se ha hecho antes, es complejo y requiere mucho tiempo. Es necesario establecer objetivos de aprendizaje, planificar la secuencia de las actividades, crear materiales de alta calidad y sobre todo, facilitar a los estudiantes acceso al contenido fuera y antes de clase. El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue comparar el uso de 2 recursos digitales diferentes (Moodle y Edpuzzle) en las prácticas de Odontopediatría incluidas en el plan de estudios del Grado de Odontología de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid.Solo los alumnos matriculados en la asignatura participaron en el estudio, divididos en 3 grupos de 25 alumnos, con 2 profesores encargados en cada uno. Se aplicó FL en 2 grupos que utilizaron distintos recursos (A: Moodle y B: Edpuzzle) mientras que los alumnos restantes (grupo C) recibieron docencia presencial tradicional. En todos los casos, los alumnos tuvieron acceso a los vídeos demostrativos del procedimiento objeto de las prácticas.Los resultados demostraron que podemos realizar FL a través de distintos recursos digitales. Sin embargo, aunque Moodle es la plataforma sobre la que se centra la docencia online de muchas universidades, Edpuzzle es una aplicación informática diseñada para FL y por tanto, concluimos que resulta más adecuado su uso para este tipo de docencia
As TIC em atividades de linguagem plástica – uma experiência na formação inicial de professores realizada em e-learning
Authors: Magueta Lúcia Grave 
Published: February 2021

Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre uma experiência de formação realizada no contexto da formação inicial de professores. Num momento em que é fundamental desenvolver competências digitais foi proporcionado aos estudantes do curso de licenciatura em Educação Básica formação no âmbito do uso das TIC em atividades de linguagem plástica, com aplicação a contextos educativos para crianças dos 3 aos 10 anos. Foi seguida uma metodologia de caráter qualitativo que se estruturou em três momentos: 1. Aplicação de um questionário de diagnóstico, para levantamento de dados acerca dos conhecimentos prévios dos estudantes sobre a utilização de tecnologias digitais em atividades com a linguagem plástica destinadas a crianças. 2. Abordagem prática com exploração de três ferramentas digitais acessíveis online, específicas para a criação plástica – realização de composições visuais com as ferramentas ArtBuilder, PicassoHead e Jacksonpollock.org. 3. Registo reflexivo, escrito, sobre as experiências vivenciadas com referência ao desenvolvimento de competências pedagógicas. Esta experiência decorreu inteiramente na modalidade de e-learning, durante um dia letivo, requerendo aos estudantes o uso de uma ferramenta de trabalho colaborativo – Padlet, para partilha de composições visuais realizadas – e a consulta de informação em vários suportes digitais. Os dados recolhidos através da aplicação do questionário e da realização do registo escrito foram tratados através da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados evidenciam que os estudantes ampliaram os seus conhecimentos sobre a utilização pedagógica das TIC, tendo realizado composições visuais representativas de um uso amplo das ferramentas sugeridas; relacionaram o uso das ferramentas com experiências de expressão plástica que se podem proporcionar às crianças em contextos diversificados; e perspetivaram propostas educativas com a exploração de uma das ferramentas sugeridas, explicitando quais seriam as oportunidades de aprendizagem com tecnologias na educação artística.
Is Mean Platelet Volume a Useful Noninvasive Biomarker for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Childhood?
Authors: Çinleti Tayfun , Bağ Özlem , Ecevit Çiğdem Ö 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global disease in newly industrialized countries. Inflammation leads to a structural modification in platelets, and the secretion of cytokines results in a change of mean platelet volume (MPV).

Aim
To evaluate the relationship between IBD activity parameters and MPV.

Materials and methods
The study group included 26 patients [consisting of 18 ulcerative colitis (UC), 6 Crohn's disease (CD), and 2 indeterminate colitis patients] followed-up at Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital between 2004 and 2016. The data of patients were screened retrospectively and the demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics were evaluated. The changes in MPV during the activation, remission and relapse periods of the disease and correlation with other disease activity markers were investigated.

Results
The study group consisted of 26 IBD patients (female/male: 11/15) and 71 healthy controls. We used the Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index and the Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index to determine disease activity. The IBD group had statistically significantly higher leukocyte count and lower hemoglobin values compared with the control group (p = 0.05). The mean platelet count and MPV values were not correlated significantly with both the C-reactive protein level and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
We suggest that MPV is a simple and inexpensive method that can be useful in the diagnosis of IBD but does not provide significant results to determine the disease activity.
How to cite this article
Çinleti T, Bağ Ö, Ecevit ÇÖ. Is Mean Platelet Volume a Useful Noninvasive Biomarker for Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Childhood? J Med Sci 2020;6(1):4–7.
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine-related complications in children in Oman
Authors: Al Waili Badria , Al Mufarajii Nasra , Al Hashmi Samiyah , Al Ajmi Abdullah , Al Sukaiti Nashat 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine-related complications are frequently observed in children in Oman. There are a few regional studies on BCG complications, but none from Oman.

OBJECTIVE:
Evaluate the spectrum of BCG-vaccine related complications and immune status in Omani children.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cross-sectional study.

SETTING:
Referral tertiary hospital.

METHODS:
Children aged younger than 13 years old and with complications of BCG vaccination recorded from 2006-2018 were included in this study. Clinical characteristics, treatment, immune workup and outcome were reviewed from hospital records.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Different BCG vaccine-related complications categorized by the site of involvement.

SAMPLE SIZE:
226.

RESULTS:
Of the 226 children had BCG-vaccine related complications, 99% received BCG vaccine immediately after birth. The median age of presentation was 4 months. The most common complication was isolated BCG lymphadenitis (85%, n=192), followed by BCG-related osteomyelitis (10.2%, n=23) and disseminated BCG infection (4.9%, n=11). The median age of presentation of disseminated BCG was 5 months, with different organs involved. Out of 11 children with disseminated BCG infection, 72.7% (n=8) had primary immune deficiency (PID), including chronic granulomatous disease (CGD, n=5), severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) (n=2); 1 patient had Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (IFNGR2 deficiency); 2 patients with PID not yet identified and the 1 with a non-specific PID had blood or saliva samples sent for whole-exome sequencing.

CONCLUSION:
Because of the spectrum of BCG vaccine-related complications, including the most severe in children with PID, we suggest that delaying the BCG vaccine from birth to 6 months may prevent disseminated BCG diseases and their complications in children with PID because any PID will have been identified before 6 months. Further studies are needed to guide this recommendation.

LIMITATIONS:
Single center-based study that may not provide a full overview of all BCG vaccine-related complications in Oman. Unavailability of details of some microbiological results and an inability to determine the detailed management for all patients.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.
Seropositivity of syphilis among individuals screened in a tertiary hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Wanni Nahid H. O. , Dossary Reem Al , Obeid Obeid E. , Qahtani Nourah Hasan Al , Siddiqui Zaheenul Islam , El-Badry Ayman A. , Alkharsah Khaled R. 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:

Sexually transmitted infections are a serious public health problem. Syphilis, a multistage, curable chronic disease caused by the spirochete
Treponema pallidum
, remains a major health problem worldwide. The disease re-emerged in the era of HIV in many countries despite the accessibility of curative therapy and continuing public health efforts to eliminate it.

OBJECTIVE:
Analyse the seropositivity for syphilis.

DESIGN:
Retrospective cross-sectional.

SETTING:
Tertiary hospital.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
We retrospectively studied individuals who underwent screening tests for syphilis between January 2014 and December 2018. The samples that were positive by both screening and confirmatory tests were considered as confirmed positive for syphilis.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:

Syphilis positivity identified by chemiluminescence immunoassay, the rapid plasma reagin test, and specific antibodies against
Treponema pallidum
.

SAMPLE SIZE:
11 832.

RESULTS:

Of the 11 832, 54 (0.45%) were confirmed as seropositive for syphilis. Thirty-three (61.1%) were non-Saudi; 21 (38.9%) were Saudis. Thirty (55.6%) cases were males. Twenty-two (40.74%) were married and 29 (53.70%) were unmarried. Of the 54 diagnosed as syphilis positive, 28 (51.9%) were expatriate workers screened for pre-employment. The percentage of syphilis among Saudis was 0.36%. In an overall chi-square analysis, a
P
<.0001 indicated a difference among nationalities in the frequency of syphilis. A post-hoc analysis showed that Somalians (
P
=.004) and Sudanese (
P
=.005) differed significantly from other nationalities.

CONCLUSION:
The study showed that syphilis was low among the screened population. More than half of the syphilis positive cases in this study were household employees. Screening for syphilis assists in planning complementary services for target populations and improves syphilis control.

LIMITATIONS:
Retrospective design. Hospital-based findings may not be representative of the seroprevalence of syphilis in the general population.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:
None.