bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partially-massless higher spin algebras in four dimensions
Authors: Basile Thomas , Dhasmana Shailesh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We propose a realisation of partially-massless higher spin algebras in four dimensions in terms of bosonic and fermionic oscillators, using Howe duality between sp(4, ℝ) ≅ so(2, 3) and osp(1|2(ℓ − 1), ℝ). More precisely, we show that the centraliser of osp(1|2(ℓ − 1), ℝ) in the Weyl-Clifford algebra generated by 4 bosonic and 8(ℓ − 1) fermionic symbols, modulo osp(1|2(ℓ − 1), ℝ) generators, is isomorphic to the higher spin algebra of the type-Aℓ theory whose spectrum contains partially-massless fields of all spins and depths t = 1, 3,…, 2ℓ − 1. We also discuss the possible existence of a deformation of this algebra, which would encode interaction for the type-Aℓ theory.
Permutation invariant matrix quantum thermodynamics and negative specific heat capacities in large N systems
Authors: O’Connor Denjoe , Ramgoolam Sanjaye 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We study the thermodynamic properties of the simplest gauged permutation invariant matrix quantum mechanical system of oscillators, for general matrix size N. In the canonical ensemble, the model has a transition at a temperature T given by $$ x={e}^{-1/T}\sim {x}_c={e}^{-1/{T}_c}=\frac{\log N}{N} $$
x
=

e

−
1
/
T

~

x
c

=

e

−
1
/

T
c

=

log
N

N

, characterised by a sharp peak in the specific heat capacity (SHC), which separates a high temperature from a low temperature region. The peak grows and the low-temperature region shrinks to zero with increasing N. In the micro-canonical ensemble, for finite N, there is a low energy phase with negative SHC and a high energy phase with positive SHC. The low-energy phase is dominated by a super-exponential growth of degeneracies as a function of energy which is directly related to the rapid growth in the number of directed graphs, with any number of vertices, as a function of the number of edges. The two ensembles have matching behaviour above the transition temperature. We further provide evidence that these thermodynamic properties hold in systems with U(N) symmetry such as the zero charge sector of the 2-matrix model and in certain tensor models. We discuss the implications of these observations for the negative specific heat capacities in gravity using the AdS/CFT correspondence.
Nontrivial bundles and defect operators in n-form gauge theories
Authors: Hu Shan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In (d + 1)-dimensional 1-form nonabelian gauge theories, we classify nontrivial 0-form bundles in ℝd, which yield configurations of D(d − 2j)-branes wrapping (d − 2j)-cycles cd−2j in Dd-branes. We construct the related defect operators U(2j−1)(cd−2j), which are disorder operators carrying the D(d – 2j) charge. We compute the commutation relations between the defect operators and Chern-Simons operators on odd-dimensional closed manifolds, and derive the generalized Witten effect for U(2j−1)(cd−2j). When cd−2j is not exact, U(2j−1)(cd−2j) and U(2j−1)(– cd−2j) can also combine into an electric (2j – 1)-form global symmetry operator, where the (2j – 1)-form is the Chern-Simons form. The dual magnetic (d – 2j)-form global symmetry is generated by the D(d – 2j) charge. We also study nontrivial 1-form bundles in (d + 1)-dimensional 2-form nonabelian gauge theories, where the defect operators are $$ {\mathcal{U}}^{(2j)}\left({c}_{d-2j-1}\right) $$

U

2
j

c

d
−
2
j
−
1

. With the field strength of the 1-form taken as the flat connection of the 2-form, we classify the topological sectors in 2-form theories.
A note on defect stability in d = 4 − ε
Authors: Pannell William H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We explore the space of scalar line, surface and interface defect field theories in d = 4 − ε by examining their stability properties under generic deformations. Examples are known of multiple stable line defect Conformal Field Theories (dCFTs) existing simultaneously, unlike the case of normal multiscalar field theories where a theorem by Michel guarantees that the stable fixed point is the unique global minimum of a so-called A-function. We prove that a suitable modification of Michel’s theorem survives for line defect theories, with fixed points locally rather than globally minimizing an A-function along a specified surface in coupling space and provide a novel classification of the fixed points in the hypertetrahedral line defect model. For surface defects Michel’s theorem survives almost untouched, and we explore bulk models for which the symmetry preserving defect is the unique stable point. For interface defects we prove only the weaker condition that there exist no fixed points stable against generic deformations for N ≥ 6.
Transcendentality of ABJM two-point functions
Authors: Bianchi Marco S. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We compute the two-point function of protected dimension-1 operators in ABJM up to two loops in dimensional regularization. The result exhibits uniform transcendentality empirically, which we conjecture to hold at all orders. We leverage this property to streamline the reconstruction of the dimensional regularization expansion of master integrals in terms of bases of Euler sums of uniform transcendental weight.
Phytochemical fingerprinting of phytotoxins as a cutting-edge approach for unveiling nature’s secrets in forensic science
Authors: Zakaria Nabil , El-Sayed Ashraf S. A. , Ali Mostafa G. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe integration of phytochemistry into forensic science has emerged as a groundbreaking frontier, providing unprecedented insights into nature's secrets through the precise application of phytochemical fingerprinting of phytotoxins as a cutting-edge approach. This study explores the dynamic intersection of phytochemistry and forensic science, highlighting how the unique phytochemical profiles of toxic plants and their secondary metabolites, serve as distinctive markers for forensic investigations. By utilizing advanced techniques such as Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS), the detection and quantification of plant-derived are made more accurate in forensic contexts. Real-world case studies are presented to demonstrate the critical role of plant toxins in forensic outcomes and legal proceedings. The challenges, potential, and future prospects of integrating phytochemical fingerprinting of plant toxins into forensic science were discussed. This review aims to illuminate phytochemical fingerprinting of plant toxins as a promising tool to enhance the precision and depth of forensic analyses, offering new insights into the complex stories embedded in plant toxins.
Global biogeographic patterns of the genus Indigofera (Fabaceae: Indigofereae)
Authors: Du Preez Brian , Schrire Brian D. , Dreyer Léanne L. , Stirton Charles H. , Chimphango Samson B. M. , Muasya A. Muthama 
Published: January 2025

AbstractIndigofera L. is the most diverse genus in the tribe Indigofereae and the third largest genus in the Fabaceae with over 750 species distributed in most tropical to temperate areas of the world. The centre of diversity of the genus lies on the African continent, accounting for over two-thirds of its global diversity. Diversification of Indigofera’s four main clades began in the Early Miocene, with the Tethyan and Cape Clades having slightly older crown ages than the Pantropical and Paleotropical Clades. Using biogeographical models under a newly assembled, more comprehensively-sampled ITS phylogeny, we confirmed that the tribe Indigofereae originated in the Africa-Madagascar centre, with the genus Indigofera resolving with a mainland African origin c. 38 Mya. Long-distance dispersals were rare, but did occur from Africa to South America and Africa to Australia during the late Miocene. Multiple dispersals from Africa into Asia took place via the arid north-east African and Arabian corridors during the same period. At least four Indigofera dispersals to Madagascar took place during the Miocene. The Cape Clade is a narrowly endemic lineage, mostly restricted to the Greater Cape Floristic Region (GCFR) of southwestern South Africa, while the Tethyan, Pantropical and Paleotropical Clades are more widely dispersed across multiple continents. Both the Cape and Tethyan Clades display strong signals for arid origins in the southern Namib and Richtersveld regions of Southwestern Africa. This study emphasizes the importance of the global Succulent biome in shaping biogeographical patterns of Indigofera globally, particularly in terms of biome conservatism and how it created corridors facilitating trans-continental dispersal.
Full-color dynamic volumetric displays with tunable upconversion emission from RE3+-doped glasses (RE = Ho, Tm, Nd, Yb) under NIR laser excitation
Authors: Ekim Utku , Özkutay Diğdem , Çelikbilek Ersundu Miray , Ersundu Ali Erçin 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) imaging technology holds immense potential across various high-tech applications; however, current display technologies are hindered by limitations such as restricted viewing angles, cumbersome headgear, and limited multi-user accessibility. To address these challenges, researchers are actively exploring new materials and techniques for 3D imaging. Laser-based volumetric displays (VDs) offer a promising solution; nonetheless, existing screen materials fall short in meeting key requirements for long-term durability, full-color operation, and scalability. In this study, we present a comprehensive investigation into easily scalable rare-earth (RE3+) doped monolithic glasses (RE = Ho, Tm, Nd, Yb) capable of tunable full-color emission using a novel excitation modulation technique under 808 nm and 980 nm laser excitation and demonstrate their implementation as laser-based VD materials through prototyping. By controlling the movement of lasers’ pulses and galvanometer mirrors with waveform generators, our system generates images in simple and complex shapes with high purity red, green, and blue (RGB) colors. These images can be manipulated, including actions like translation, rotation, expansion, and sequential movement within the monolithic glass screen material. Our findings showcase the potential of glass-based dynamic VDs in revolutionizing display technology, offering superior color purity, vividness, and performance in comparison to conventional display systems.
Random Illumination Microscopy: faster, thicker, and aberration-insensitive
Authors: Jin Boya , Xi Peng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe Extended Depth of Field (EDF) approach has been combined with Random Illumination Microscopy (RIM) to realize aberration-insensitive, fast super-resolution imaging with extended depth, which is a promising tool for dynamic imaging in larger and thicker live cells and tissues.
Excitation-mode-selective emission through multiexcitonic states in a double perovskite single crystal
Authors: Suo Hao , Wang Nan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Xin , Xiang Jinmeng , Wang Xiaojia , Xing Guansheng , Guo Dongxu , Chang Jiwen , Wang Yu , Li Panlai , Wang Zhijun , Zhang Yuhai , Chen Bing , Li Shuzhou , Guo Chongfeng , Wang Feng 
Published: January 2025

AbstractLow-dimensional lead-free metal halide perovskites are highly attractive for cutting-edge optoelectronic applications. Herein, we report a class of scandium-based double perovskite crystals comprising antimony dopants that can generate multiexcitonic emissions in the ultraviolet, blue, and yellow spectral regions. Owing to the zero-dimensional nature of the crystal lattice that minimizes energy crosstalk, different excitonic states in the crystals can be selectively excited by ultraviolet light, X-ray irradiation, and mechanical action, enabling dynamic control of steady/transient-state spectral features by modulating the excitation modes. Remarkably, the transparent crystal exhibits highly efficient white photoluminescence (quantum yield >97%), X-ray excited blue emission with long afterglow (duration >9 h), and high-brightness self-reproducible violet-blue mechanoluminescence. These findings reveal the exceptional capability of low-dimensional perovskite crystals for integrating various excitonic luminescence, offering exciting opportunities for multi-level data encryption and all-in-one authentication technologies.
Radiopharmaceuticals and their applications in medicine
Authors: Zhang Siqi , Wang Xingkai , Gao Xin , Chen Xueyao , Li Linger , Li Guoqing , Liu Can , Miao Yuan , Wang Rui , Hu Kuan 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRadiopharmaceuticals involve the local delivery of radionuclides to targeted lesions for the diagnosis and treatment of multiple diseases. Radiopharmaceutical therapy, which directly causes systematic and irreparable damage to targeted cells, has attracted increasing attention in the treatment of refractory diseases that are not sensitive to current therapies. As the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-TATE, [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and their complementary diagnostic agents, namely, [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, targeted radiopharmaceutical-based theranostics (radiotheranostics) are being increasingly implemented in clinical practice in oncology, which lead to a new era of radiopharmaceuticals. The new generation of radiopharmaceuticals utilizes a targeting vector to achieve the accurate delivery of radionuclides to lesions and avoid off-target deposition, making it possible to improve the efficiency and biosafety of tumour diagnosis and therapy. Numerous studies have focused on developing novel radiopharmaceuticals targeting a broader range of disease targets, demonstrating remarkable in vivo performance. These include high tumor uptake, prolonged retention time, and favorable pharmacokinetic properties that align with clinical standards. While radiotheranostics have been widely applied in tumor diagnosis and therapy, their applications are now expanding to neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation. Furthermore, radiotheranostic-empowered precision medicine is revolutionizing the cancer treatment paradigm. Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals play a pivotal role in patient stratification and treatment planning, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes in targeted radionuclide therapy. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the evolution of radiopharmaceuticals, including both FDA-approved and clinically investigated agents, and explores the mechanisms of cell death induced by radiopharmaceuticals. It emphasizes the significance and future prospects of theranostic-based radiopharmaceuticals in advancing precision medicine.
In defence of ferroptosis
Authors: Alves Francesca , Lane Darius , Nguyen Triet Phu Minh , Bush Ashley I. , Ayton Scott 
Published: January 2025

AbstractRampant phospholipid peroxidation initiated by iron causes ferroptosis unless this is restrained by cellular defences. Ferroptosis is increasingly implicated in a host of diseases, and unlike other cell death programs the physiological initiation of ferroptosis is conceived to occur not by an endogenous executioner, but by the withdrawal of cellular guardians that otherwise constantly oppose ferroptosis induction. Here, we profile key ferroptotic defence strategies including iron regulation, phospholipid modulation and enzymes and metabolite systems: glutathione reductase (GR), Ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (FSP1), NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), retinal reductases and retinal dehydrogenases (RDH) and thioredoxin reductases (TR). A common thread uniting all key enzymes and metabolites that combat lipid peroxidation during ferroptosis is a dependence on a key cellular reductant, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). We will outline how cells control central carbon metabolism to produce NADPH and necessary precursors to defend against ferroptosis. Subsequently we will discuss evidence for ferroptosis and NADPH dysregulation in different disease contexts including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, cancer and neurodegeneration. Finally, we discuss several anti-ferroptosis therapeutic strategies spanning the use of radical trapping agents, iron modulation and glutathione dependent redox support and highlight the current landscape of clinical trials focusing on ferroptosis.
Vestibularsystem
Authors: Corts Magga 
Published: January 2025

ZusammenfassungDie Gleichgewichtsregulation wird von 3 Systemen beeinflusst: dem vestibulären,
dem propriozeptiven und dem optischen. In diesem Beitrag werden die anatomischen
und physiologischen Besonderheiten erläutert. Eine Auswahl von Krankheitsbildern
ergänzt die einzelnen Aspekte. Osteopathische Behandlungstechniken werden im
Kontext dargestellt.
Total Synthesis of the Prenylated Indole Alkaloid (±)-Notoamide N via an Electrochemically Mediated Vilsmeier–Haack Formylation of a Chlorinated Indole
Authors: Banwell Martin G. , Tan Shen , Xu Zhongnan , Liang Xin-Ting , Song Jian-Guo , White Lorenzo V. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractA total synthesis of the racemic modification of the prenylated indole alkaloid notoamide N has been realised. A crucial step involved the electrochemically mediated Vilsmeier–Haack formylation of a chlorinated 1,7-dihydropyrano[2,3-g]indole. The product aldehyde was engaged in biomimetic and tandem aldol condensation/intramolecular Diels–Alder reactions with a diketopiperazine derivative to give a diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-containing adduct. Epoxidation of this adduct led, via an in situ semi-pinacolic rearrangement of the initially formed oxirane, to the targeted spiro-oxindole notoamide N.
Automated high-resolution 3D inspection methods for sealant applications in aerospace based on line structured light
Authors: Qiao Yunqing , Ye Yuling , Su Feng , Sun Guobing 
Published: January 2025

Gluing is a critical step in aircraft sealing assembly, with glue profile inspection serving as the final quality assurance measure to ensure consistency and accuracy of the sealant coating, allowing timely detection and correction of defects to maintain assembly integrity and safety. Currently, existing glue inspection systems are limited to basic inspection capabilities, lack result digitization, and exhibit low efficiency. This paper proposes a 3D inspection technology for sealant coating quality based on line-structured light, enabling automated and high-precision inspection of sealant thickness, sealant width, positional accuracy, and overlap joint sealant contour through geometric computation. The method reduces manual inspection time and rework rates while providing detailed quality records to facilitate traceability. Additionally, it ensures that sealant application adheres to the stringent standards of the aviation industry. Experimental results demonstrate that the measurement error is within 0.2 mm compared to manual measurements, meeting the inspection requirements of practical applications.
Highly ordered porous membranes for fabrication of multilayered nanostructures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Kasiuk J , Khoroshko L , Baglov A , Akulich V , Bayev V , Do K T , Nguyen T H , Vu H K , Zhyhulin D V , Nguyen T N Anh 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this research, we describe the technology of fabrication of double-sided nanoporous alumina membranes with an ordered pore arrangement, adjustable pore size and smoothed surface relief, which allows maintaining the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of [Co/Pd] multilayers deposited over them. Their fabrication includes several important technological processes, namely two-step anodization of aluminum foil and subsequent ion-beam etching, which together allow for effective control of the morphology of the formed membranes. It is demonstrated that the adjustability of the anodization process allows for the control of the basic characteristics of the porous structure of the membrane, including cell and pore size, as well as its properties, including its flexibility and transparency, through alteration of the voltage and selection of an appropriate electrolyte. Simultaneously, ion-beam treatment is able to modify significantly the surface relief of membranes that facilitates their adaptation to the requirements of potential applications. The implemented transfer of the uniform porous morphology from the membrane to the deposited film accompanied by the conservation of PMA of the latter opens up opportunities of creating nanostructured magnetic media on porous alumina membranes which can be applicable in flexible spintronic devices.
The Book of Troilus, and Criseyde
Authors: Ashe Laura 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This chapter analyses Chaucer’s Troilus and Criseyde in comparison with its sources, Boccaccio’s Filostrato and Benoît de Sainte-Maure’s Roman de Troie, and in light of the influence of Guillaume de Machaut and Dante. It argues that in changes he made to the representation of the characters of Troilus and Criseyde, Chaucer sought to develop a theory of human love, in the absence of a genuine theory of (individual, non-substitutable, and mortal) human love in medieval culture and thought. In depicting Troilus’ love of Criseyde as wholly freely willed, and unchanged by her betrayal, Chaucer offered a depiction of human love that shows the force of our ethical obligations to others, and exposes the Boethian directive to rise above the things of this world as profoundly inhumane: for the most important things of this world are other people. It is further argued that Chaucer’s representation of Criseyde is the effective mimesis of our real-world encounter with another, fundamentally unknowable, subjectivity; that Troilus is uniquely shown to succeed in the ethical recognition of Criseyde’s independent subjectivity; and that in itself constitutes an act of love. Finally, these developments formulate Troilus and Criseyde as a new kind of tragedy, standing against both the classical tragedy of fixed fate and destructive anagnorisis, and the Christian divine comedy by which all is resolved in eternity. Troilus shows the human tragedy of mortality, and the human dignity of freely willed love in the face of that mortality.
Imagining Malaya
Authors: Keo Bernard Z 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Over the course of British colonial rule in Malaya, the Peranakan Chinese (hereafter referred to as Peranakan) attempted to bring to life a complex imagination of nationhood predicated on an inclusive and multi-ethnic approach to integrating Malaya’s plural society. A creolized community borne of intermarriage between Chinese migrants anqd indigenous Malays, Peranakan ideas of nationhood and belonging were influenced by their liminality. In word and deed, Peranakan political actors campaigned for the extension of citizenship rights to all those domiciled in Malaya regardless of race, class, or religion. Yet, this political history has largely been overlooked. In examining the Peranakan imaginary of the nation, Imagining Malaya explores one of the many alternatives of a Malayan nation that were imagined—and were possible at one point or another—that have yet to be studied. Centring the Peranakan into Malaysia’s story of decolonization and nation-making, it casts a new light on Malaysia’s path to nationhood and who is included—and excluded—within that story. The book examines Peranakan politics in Malaya from the arrival of the British on Penang Island in 1786 to the end of British rule in Malaya upon the latter’s independence on 31 August 1957, focussing primarily on the community’s political activities during Malaya’s complex path to merdeka (independence). This monograph reveals how seemingly disparate political acts by the Peranakan were in reality bound together by a cosmopolitan sense of identity and belonging as leading figures from the community sought to build an inclusive Malayan nation.