bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Detection of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Megjhani Murad , Terilli Kalijah , Weiss Miriam , Savarraj Jude , Chen Li Hui , Alkhachroum Ayham , Roh David J. , Agarwal Sachin , Connolly E. Sander , Velazquez Angela , Boehme Amelia , Claassen Jan , Choi HuiMahn A. , Schubert Gerrit A. , Park Soojin 
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose:
Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage negatively impacts long-term recovery but is often detected too late to prevent damage. We aim to develop hourly risk scores using routinely collected clinical data to detect DCI.

Methods:

A DCI classification model was trained using vital sign measurements (heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation) and demographics routinely collected for clinical care. Twenty-two time-varying physiological measures were computed including mean, SD, and cross-correlation of heart rate time series with each of the other vitals. Classification was achieved using an ensemble approach with L2-regularized logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machines models. Classifier performance was determined by area under the receiver operating characteristic curves and confusion matrices. Hourly DCI risk scores were generated as the posterior probability at time
t
using the Ensemble classifier on cohorts recruited at 2 external institutions (n=38 and 40).

Results:
Three hundred ten patients were included in the training model (median, 54 years old [interquartile range, 45–65]; 80.2% women, 28.4% Hunt and Hess scale 4–5, 38.7% Modified Fisher Scale 3–4); 101 (33%) developed DCI with a median onset day 6 (interquartile range, 5–8). Classification accuracy before DCI onset was 0.83 (interquartile range, 0.76–0.83) area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Risk scores applied to external institution datasets correctly predicted 64% and 91% of DCI events as early as 12 hours before clinical detection, with 2.7 and 1.6 true alerts for every false alert.

Conclusions:
An hourly risk score for DCI derived from routine vital signs may have the potential to alert clinicians to DCI, which could reduce neurological injury.
A Rights-Based Approach to Child Poverty Measurement and Child Rights Realisation in Zimbabwe
Authors: Musiwa Anthony Shuko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Against the context of limited research in Zimbabwe on rights-focused child poverty research, policy and practice, this study employs the Bristol Approach to measure the extent and relationship with gender and location, respectively, of child poverty among children aged five years and below (N = 6418). Using Zimbabwe’s 2015 Demographic and Health Survey secondary data, 14 selected measures are tested for validity, reliability and additivity. Severe deprivation estimates are developed, showing the commonest deprivation forms as early childhood development (78 per cent), water (46 per cent), healthcare (44 per cent), sanitation (40 per cent), shelter (30 per cent) and nutrition (13 per cent). While boys and girls are similarly severely deprived, children in rural areas are the most severely deprived. While all deprivations are non-significantly correlated with gender, most are significantly correlated with location. Overall, the study highlights the extreme nature of child rights violations caused by poverty in Zimbabwe, and how rights-based child poverty measurement can better inform policy and practice responses.
Survival Strategies of a Korean War Prisoner Who Chose Neutral Nations: A Study Based on Im Kwan-taik’s Oral History and Documents
Authors: Keun Sik Jung 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article reconstructs the life history of Korean War prisoner Im Kwan-taek and analyzes his strategy for survival. Im, a North Korean who forces of the United Nations Command (unc) captured, refused repatriation to North Korea and decided to go to a neutral country. After two years in India, he finally settled in Brazil. This study examines his prisoner of war (pow) interrogation reports and the results of two oral history interviews to understand Im’s experiences and survival strategies. Born in Ch’ungch’ŏng Province, Im grew up in southern Korea. However, in 1946, he moved to northern Korea with the support of his deceased father’s comrades from the anti-Japanese movement in China. With the start of the Korean War on 25 June 1950, Im became an officer in the Korean People’s Army (kpa). As a pow, he concealed his identity as much as possible to ensure his survival, and these efforts continued in neutral countries. After the Republic of Korea awarded Im’s father the South Korean Patriotic Medal in 2001, his “secret survivalism” strategy relaxed and he began organizing communication and networks between surviving former pows.
Spatial Models of Adjusted Precipitation for Canada at Varying Time Scales
Authors: MacDonald Heather , McKenney Daniel W. , Wang Xiaolan L. , Pedlar John , Papadopol Pia , Lawrence Kevin , Feng Yang , Hutchinson Michael F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis study presents spatial models (i.e., thin-plate spatially continuous spline surfaces) of adjusted precipitation for Canada at daily, pentad (5 day), and monthly time scales from 1900 to 2015. The input data include manual observations from 3346 stations that were adjusted previously to correct for snow water equivalent (SWE) conversion and various gauge-related issues. In addition to the 42 331 models for daily total precipitation and 1392 monthly total precipitation models, 8395 pentad models were developed for the first time, depicting mean precipitation for 73 pentads annually. For much of Canada, mapped precipitation values from this study were higher than those from the corresponding unadjusted models (i.e., models fitted to the unadjusted data), reflecting predominantly the effects of the adjustments to the input data. Error estimates compared favorably to the corresponding unadjusted models. For example, root generalized cross-validation (GCV) estimate (a measure of predictive error) at the daily time scale was 3.6 mm on average for the 1960–2003 period as compared with 3.7 mm for the unadjusted models over the same period. There was a dry bias in the predictions relative to recorded values of between 1% and 6.7% of the average precipitations amounts for all time scales. Mean absolute predictive errors of the daily, pentad, and monthly models were 2.5 mm (52.7%), 0.9 mm (37.4%), and 11.2 mm (19.3%), respectively. In general, the model skill was closely tied to the density of the station network. The current adjusted models are available in grid form at ~2–10-km resolutions.
Assessing Prior Emergent Constraints on Surface Albedo Feedback in CMIP6
Authors: Thackeray Chad W. , Hall Alex , Zelinka Mark D. , Fletcher Christopher G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn emergent constraint (EC) is a popular model evaluation technique, which offers the potential to reduce intermodel variability in projections of climate change. Two examples have previously been laid out for future surface albedo feedbacks (SAF) stemming from loss of Northern Hemisphere (NH) snow cover (SAFsnow) and sea ice (SAFice). These processes also have a modern-day analog that occurs each year as snow and sea ice retreat from their seasonal maxima, which is strongly correlated with future SAF across an ensemble of climate models. The newly released CMIP6 ensemble offers the chance to test prior constraints through out-of-sample verification, an important examination of EC robustness. Here, we show that the SAFsnow EC is equally strong in CMIP6 as it was in past generations, while the SAFice EC is also shown to exist in CMIP6, but with different, slightly weaker characteristics. We find that the CMIP6 mean NH SAF exhibits a global feedback of 0.25 ± 0.05 W m−2 K−1, or ~61% of the total global albedo feedback, largely in line with prior generations despite its increased climate sensitivity. The NH SAF can be broken down into similar contributions from snow and sea ice over the twenty-first century in CMIP6. Crucially, intermodel variability in seasonal SAFsnow and SAFice is largely unchanged from CMIP5 because of poor outlier simulations of snow cover, surface albedo, and sea ice thickness. These outliers act to mask the noted improvement from many models when it comes to SAFice, and to a lesser extent SAFsnow.
Management of men with ultra-short penile urethral stricture using augmented anastomotic penile skin flap urethroplasty; a retrospective analysis
Authors: El-Kassaby Abdel W. , Saber Khalaf Mohammed , Reyad Ahmed M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
The management of short anterior urethral stricture is challenging. Our study aims to evaluate the outcome of augmented anastomotic urethroplasty (AAU) for the management of men with ultra-short penile urethral stricture, and to compare it with the dorsal onlay buccal mucosa graft.

Methods
Databases of two tertiary referral centres were retrospectively reviewed to retrieve data of men with ultra-short penile urethral stricture who underwent urethroplasty from 2013 to 2020. Patients who underwent AAU with ventral onlay pedicled skin flap were considered the study group, while patients treated with the dorsal onlay graft augmentation were included as controls. Surgical outcomes included urethral patency, improvement in the maximum flow rate (Qmax), change in sexual satisfaction, and any reported complications.

Results
Thirty-four patients (and 30 controls) with a median age of 26–27 years were included in the study. The maximum flow rate improved significantly in both groups compared to the preoperative value (p < 0.001). The success rate was 88% in the study group compared to 76.7% in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference in the frequency of postoperative penile curvature nor the ventral sacculation between the two groups (p = 0.788 and 0.913). The operative time was statistically significantly longer in the control group (p = 0.044), while the frequency of postoperative void dripping was much higher in the study group (p = 0.007).

Conclusion
The success rate and complications of AAU for men with ultra-short penile urethral stricture were comparable to the dorsal buccal graft.
A theoretical derivation of response to selection with and without controlled mating in honeybees
Authors: Du Manuel , Bernstein Richard , Hoppe Andreas , Bienefeld Kaspar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
In recent years, the breeding of honeybees has gained significant scientific interest, and numerous theoretical and practical improvements have been made regarding the collection and processing of their performance data. It is now known that the selection of high-quality drone material is crucial for mid to long-term breeding success. However, there has been no conclusive mathematical theory to explain these findings.

Methods
We derived mathematical formulas to describe the response to selection of a breeding population and an unselected passive population of honeybees that benefits indirectly from genetic improvement in the breeding population via migration. This was done under the assumption of either controlled or uncontrolled mating of queens in the breeding population.

Results
Our model equations confirm what has been observed in simulation studies. In particular, we have proven that the breeding population and the passive population will show parallel genetic gain after some years and we were able to assess the responses to selection for different breeding strategies. Thus, we confirmed the crucial importance of controlled mating for successful honeybee breeding. When compared with data from simulation studies, the derived formulas showed high coefficients of determination $$> 0.95$$

>
0.95

in cases where many passive queens had dams from the breeding population. For self-sufficient passive populations, the coefficients of determination were lower ($$\sim 0.8$$

∼
0.8

) if the breeding population was under controlled mating. This can be explained by the limited simulated time-frame and lower convergence rates.

Conclusion
The presented theoretical derivations allow extrapolation of honeybee-specific simulation results for breeding programs to a wide range of population parameters. Furthermore, they provide general insights into the genetic dynamics of interdependent populations, not only for honeybees but also in a broader context.
Genome-wide identification and functional prediction of long non-coding RNAs in Sprague-Dawley rats during heat stress
Authors: Dou Jinhuan , Schenkel Flavio , Hu Lirong , Khan Adnan , Khan Muhammad Zahoor , Yu Ying , Wang Yajing , Wang Yachun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Heat stress (HS) is a major stress event in the life of an animal, with detrimental upshots in production and health. Long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in many biological processes by transcriptional regulation. However, no research has been reported on the characterization and functionality of lncRNAs in heat-stressed rats.

Results
We studied expression levels of lncRNAs in rats during HS, using strand-specific RNA sequencing. Six rats, three in each of Control (22 ± 1 °C) and H120 (42 °C for 120 min) experimental groups, were used to screen for lncRNAs in their liver and adrenal glands. Totally, 4498 and 7627 putative lncRNAs were identified in liver and adrenal glands of the Control and H120 groups, respectively. The majority of lncRNAs were relatively shorter and contained fewer exons than protein-coding transcripts. In total, 482 (174 up-regulated and 308 down-regulated) and 271 (126 up-regulated and 145 down-regulated) differentially-expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs, P < 0.05) were identified in the liver and adrenal glands of the Control and H120 groups, respectively. Furthermore, 1274, 121, and 73 target differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) in the liver were predicted to interact with DElncRNAs based on trans−/cis- and sequence similarity regulatory modes. Functional annotation analyses indicated that these DEGs were mostly significantly enriched in insulin signalling, myeloid leukaemia, and glucagon signalling pathways. Similarly, 437, 73 and 41 target DEGs in the adrenal glands were mostly significantly enriched in the cell cycle (trans-prediction) and lysosome pathways (cis-prediction). The DElncRNAs interacting with DEGs that encode heat shock proteins (HSPs) may play an important role in HS response, which include Hsf4, Dnaja1, Dnajb4, Hsph1 and Hspb1 in the liver, and Dnajb13 and Hspb8 in the adrenal glands. The strand-specific RNA sequencing findings were also further verified through RT-qPCR.

Conclusions
This study is the first to provide a detailed characterization and functional analysis of expression levels of lncRNAs in liver and adrenal glands of heat-stressed rats, which provides basis for further studies on the biological functions of lncRNAs under heat stress in rats and other mammalian species.
Limited effects of long-term daily cranberry consumption on the gut microbiome in a placebo-controlled study of women with recurrent urinary tract infections
Authors: Straub Timothy J. , Chou Wen-Chi , Manson Abigail L. , Schreiber Henry L. , Walker Bruce J. , Desjardins Christopher A. , Chapman Sinéad B. , Kaspar Kerrie L. , Kahsai Orsalem J. , Traylor Elizabeth , Dodson Karen W. , Hullar Meredith A. J. , Hultgren Scott J. , Khoo Christina , Earl Ashlee M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundUrinary tract infections (UTIs) affect 15 million women each year in the United States, with > 20% experiencing frequent recurrent UTIs. A recent placebo-controlled clinical trial found a 39% reduction in UTI symptoms among recurrent UTI sufferers who consumed a daily cranberry beverage for 24 weeks. Using metagenomic sequencing of stool from a subset of these trial participants, we assessed the impact of cranberry consumption on the gut microbiota, a reservoir for UTI-causing pathogens such asEscherichia coli, which causes > 80% of UTIs.ResultsThe overall taxonomic composition, community diversity, carriage of functional pathways and gene families, and relative abundances of the vast majority of observed bacterial taxa, includingE. coli, were not changed significantly by cranberry consumption. However, one unnamedFlavonifractorspecies (OTU41), which represented ≤1% of the overall metagenome, was significantly less abundant in cranberry consumers compared to placebo at trial completion. GivenFlavonifractor’sassociation with negative human health effects, we sought to determine OTU41 characteristic genes that may explain its differential abundance and/or relationship to key host functions. Using comparative genomic and metagenomic techniques, we identified genes in OTU41 related to transport and metabolism of various compounds, including tryptophan and cobalamin, which have been shown to play roles in host-microbe interactions.ConclusionWhile our results indicated that cranberry juice consumption had little impact on global measures of the microbiome, we found one unnamedFlavonifractorspecies differed significantly between study arms. This suggests further studies are needed to assess the role of cranberry consumption andFlavonifractorin health and wellbeing in the context of recurrent UTI.Trial registrationClinical trial registration number:ClinicalTrials.govNCT01776021.
A heterozygous mutation in the CCDC88C gene likely causes early-onset pure hereditary spastic paraplegia: a case report
Authors: Yahia Ashraf , Chen Zhefan Stephen , Ahmed Ammar E. , Emad Sara , Adil Rawaa , Abubaker Rayan , Taha Shaimaa Omer M. A. , Salih Mustafa A. , Elsayed Liena , Chan Ho Yin Edwin , Stevanin Giovanni 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
CCDC88C is a ubiquitously expressed protein with multiple functions, including roles in cell polarity and the development of dendrites in the nervous system. Bi-allelic mutations in the CCDC88C gene cause autosomal recessive congenital hydrocephalus (OMIM #236600). Studies recently linked heterozygous mutations in CCDC88C to the development of the late-onset spinocerebellar ataxia type 40 (OMIM #616053).

Case presentation
A 48-year-old Sudanese female presented with pure early onset hereditary spastic paraplegia. Exome sequencing, in-silico analysis, and Sanger sequencing identified the heterozygous NM_001080414.4:c.1993G > A (p.E665K) variant in CCDC88C as a potential cause of her illness. To explore the pathogenicity of the NM_001080414.4:c.1993G > A (p.E665K) variant, we expressed it in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and assessed its effects on apoptosis. In our experiment, NM_001080414.4:c.1993G > A (p.E665K) induced JNK hyper-phosphorylation and enhanced apoptosis. In contrast to previous reports, our patient developed neurological symptoms in early childhood and showed neither features of cerebellar ataxia, extrapyramidal signs, nor evidence of intellectual involvement.

Conclusion
We, herein, heighlighted the possibility of extending the phenotype associated with variants in CCDC88C to include early-onset pure hereditary spastic paraplegia.
Relationship between vaginal group B streptococcus colonization in the early stage of pregnancy and preterm birth: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tano Sho , Ueno Takuji , Mayama Michinori , Yamada Takuma , Takeda Takehiko , Uno Kaname , Yoshihara Masato , Ukai Mayu , Suzuki Teppei , Kishigami Yasuyuki , Oguchi Hidenori 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Although infection and inflammation within the genital tract during pregnancy is considered a major risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth (PTB), there are few studies on association between vaginal microorganisms in the early stage of pregnancy and PTB. The aim of this study was to investigate relationship between vaginal Group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization, a leading cause of infection during pregnancy, in the early stage of pregnancy and PTB.

Methods
This single-center, retrospective cohort study utilized data from 2009 to 2017 obtained at TOYOTA Memorial Hospital. Women with singleton pregnancies who underwent vaginal culture around 14 weeks of gestation during their routine prenatal check-up were included. Vaginal sampling for Gram staining and culture was performed regardless of symptoms. GBS colonization was defined as positive for GBS latex agglutination assay. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with PTB.

Results
Overall 1079 singleton pregnancies were included. GBS (5.7%) and Candida albicans (5.5%) were the most frequently observed microorganisms. The incidence of PTB (before 34 and before 37 weeks of gestation) were significantly higher in the GBS-positive group than in the GBS-negative group (6.6% vs 0.5%, p = 0.001 and 9.8% vs 4.3%, p = 0.047). Our multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that GBS colonization was a factor associated with PTB before 34 and before 37 weeks of gestation (Odds ratio [OR] 15.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.73–61.74), and OR 2.42; 95%CI 1.01–5.91, respectively).

Conclusions
The present study found that vaginal GBS colonization in the early stage of pregnancy was associated with PTB. Our study indicates that patients at a high risk for PTB can be extracted by a simple method using conventional culture method.
The first experimental study of transference work–in teenagers (FEST–IT): a multicentre, observer- and patient-blind, randomised controlled component study
Authors: Ulberg Randi , Hummelen Benjamin , Hersoug Anne Grete , Midgley Nick , Høglend Per Andreas , Dahl Hanne-Sofie Johnsen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Little is known about the influence on outcome of exploration of the patient-therapist relationship (that is, transference work) in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. We hypothesized that depressed adolescents would have better long-term effects from psychoanalytic psychotherapy with than without transference work.

Methods
Depressed adolescent (16 to 18 years) were recruited in health authority funded out-patient clinics in Oslo and Vestfold County, Norway. They were randomized to 28 weeks of treatment with psychoanalytic psychotherapy with or without transference work. Change was assessed using linear-mixed models. The primary outcome measure was the Psychodynamic Functioning Scale (pre- post-, and 1-year post-treatment). Level of depression was measured at the same time points and during therapy (week 12, and 20).

Results
69 adolescents were treated with (N = 39) or without (N = 31) transference work. The mean number of sessions was 18.6 (SD = 8,6) in the transference work group and 18.0 (SD = 10.9) in the non-transference work group.
Both groups showed large and significant improvement on Psychodynamic Functioning Scale during the whole study period. The difference between the two groups was not significant during the treatment period (95% CI −.79 to 1.2, p = .674, F = .18), or from post-treatment to one-year follow-up (95% CI −.13 to .96; p = .134; F = 2.3). For the secondary outcome measures the transference work group had significantly better outcomes from 12 weeks in treatment to one-year follow-up (Beck Depression Inventory, 95% CI − 1.7 to −.14, p = .022; Montgomery and Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, 95% CI − 1.6 to −.23, p = .009).

Conclusion
The findings suggest that exploration of the adolescents’ relations to the therapist amplify the effects of short-term psychoanalytic psychotherapy on their depressive symptoms for adolescents with a Major Depressive Disorder.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov. Id: NCT01531101. Registered 8 February 2012.