bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic analysis of nanocrystalline solid solutions formation in copper‐lead‐tin ternary immiscible system during mechanical alloying
Authors: Wu Z.F. , Zhu Z.Y. , Wu R. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, copper‐15 wt.%‐lead‐1 wt.%‐tin (Cu‐15wt %Pb‐1wt %Sn), copper‐15 wt.%‐lead‐2 wt.%‐tin (Cu‐15wt %Pb‐2wt %Sn) and copper‐15 wt.%‐lead‐3 wt.%‐tin (Cu‐15wt %Pb‐3wt %Sn) powder mixtures were mechanically alloyed in order to study the solid solubility extension during the alloying process. Nanocrystalline supersaturated solid solutions have been prepared in copper‐lead‐tin (Cu−Pb−Sn) ternary immiscible system by mechanical alloying (MA). Based on the thermodynamic model, the Gibbs free energy changes in these alloys during the formation of solid solutions are calculated to be positive, which means that there are no driving force to form solid solutions in copper‐lead‐tin ternary immiscible system. It was found that a large fraction of grain boundaries and a high density of dislocations play a significant role in the solid solubility extension in copper‐lead‐tin ternary immiscible system.
The effects of laser machining parameters on roughness and contact angle for boron carbide ceramic surface
Authors: Canel T. , Gölbaşi F. , Gezer Z. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHydrophobicity or Hydrophilicity properties of boron carbide ceramic surface can be controlled by manipulating the roughness of the surface and thus the contact angle. In this study, the wettability of the boron carbide surface was manipulated by laser with different parameters. The contact angle was measured at 9th seconds after the droplet was dropped onto the laser‐treated surface. Also, the change in contact angle in the first 9 seconds after the droplet was dropped was examined. For a more hydrophobic surface, it was aimed to have the largest contact angle at 9th seconds after the droplet was dropped and the smallest change with time in contact angle. The effects of laser scan speed, power, frequency and overlap rate on the contact angle of the treated surface were investigated using the Taguchi method. It was calculated to what extent each examined parameter affected the result. The effectiveness rates of the two most effective parameters which were scan speed and overlap rate were obtained. Since the results of the verification tests performed to confirm the results obtained are quite compatible with the results predicted by the Taguchi method, the Taguchi method can be regarded as a reliable method in optimizing laser parameters.
Relationship of Genotype, Phenotype, and Treatment in Dopa‐Responsive Dystonia: MDSGene Review
Authors: Weissbach Anne , Pauly Martje G. , Herzog Rebecca , Hahn Lisa , Halmans Sara , Hamami Feline , Bolte Christina , Camargos Sarah , Jeon Beomseok , Kurian Manju A. , Opladen Thomas , Brüggemann Norbert , Huppertz Hans‐Jürgen , König Inke R. , Klein Christine , Lohmann Katja 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundPathogenic variants in 5 genes (GCH1, TH, PTS, SPR, and QDPR), involved in dopamine/tetrahydrobiopterin biosynthesis or recycling, have been linked to Dopa‐responsive dystonia (DRD). Diagnosis and treatment are often delayed due to high between‐ and within‐group variability.ObjectivesComprehensively analyzed individual genotype, phenotype, treatment response, and biochemistry information.Methods734 DRD patients and 151 asymptomatic GCH1 mutation carriers were included using an MDSGene systematic literature review and an automated classification approach to distinguish between different forms of monogenic DRDs.ResultsWhereas dystonia, L‐Dopa responsiveness, early age at onset, and diurnal fluctuations were identified as red flags, parkinsonism without dystonia was rarely reported (11%) and combined with dystonia in only 18% of patients. While sex was equally distributed in autosomal recessive DRD, there was female predominance in autosomal dominant DYT/PARK‐GCH1 patients accompanied by a lower median age at onset and more dystonia in females compared to males. Accordingly, the majority of asymptomatic heterozygous GCH1 mutation carriers (>8 years of age) were males. Multiple other subgroup‐specific characteristics were identified, showing high accuracy in the automated classification approach: Seizures and microcephaly were mostly seen in DYT/PARK‐PTS, autonomic symptoms appeared commonly in DYT/PARK‐TH and DYT/PARK‐PTS, and sleep disorders and oculogyric crises in DYT/PARK‐SPR. Biochemically, homovanillic acid and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid in CSF were reduced in most DRDs, but neopterin and biopterin were increased only in DYT/PARK‐PTS and DYT/PARK‐SPR. Hyperphenylalaninemia was seen in DYT/PARK‐PTS, DYT/PARK‐QDPR, and rarely reported in autosomal recessive DYT/PARK‐GCH1.ConclusionsOur indicators will help to specify diagnosis and accelerate start of treatment. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Integrated MRI‐guided proton therapy planning: Accounting for the full MRI field in a perpendicular system
Authors: Burigo Lucas N , Oborn Bradley M 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeTo present a first study on the treatment planning feasibility in perpendicular field MRI‐integrated proton therapy that considers the full transport of protons from the pencil beam scanning (PBS) assembly to the patient inside the MRI scanner.MethodsA generic proton PBS gantry was modeled as being integrated with a realistic split‐bore MRI system in the perpendicular orientation. MRI field strengths were modeled as 0.5, 1, and 1.5 T. The PBS beam delivery and dose calculation was modeled using the TOPAS Monte Carlo toolkit coupled with matRad as the optimizer engine. A water phantom, liver, and prostate plans were evaluated and optimized in the presence of the full MRI field distribution. A simple combination of gantry angle offset and small PBS nozzle skew was used to direct the proton beams along a path that closely follows the reference planning scenario, that is, without magnetic field.ResultsAll planning metrics could be successfully achieved with the inclusion of gantry angle offsets in the range of 8–29 when coupled with a PBS nozzle skew of 1.6–4.4. These two hardware‐based corrections were selected to minimize the average Euclidean distance (AED) in the beam path enabling the proton beams to travel inside the patient in a path that is close to the original path (AED smaller than 3 mm at 1.5 T). Final dose optimization, performed through further changes in the PBS delivery, was then shown to be feasible for our selection of plans studied yielding comparable plan quality metrics to reference conditions.ConclusionsFor the first time, we have shown a robust method to account for the full proton beam deflection in a perpendicular orientation MRI‐integrated proton therapy. These results support the ongoing development of the current prototype systems.
Three‐dimensional reduced field‐of‐view imaging (3D‐rFOVI)
Authors: Sun Kaibao , Zhong Zheng , Dan Guangyu , Karaman Muge , Luo Qingfei , Zhou Xiaohong Joe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study aimed at developing a 3D reduced field‐of‐view imaging (3D‐rFOVI) technique using a 2D radiofrequency (RF) pulse, and demonstrating its ability to achieve isotropic high spatial resolution and reduced image distortion in echo planar imaging (EPI).MethodsThe proposed 3D‐rFOVI technique takes advantage of a 2D RF pulse to excite a slab along the conventional slice‐selection direction (i.e., z‐direction) while limiting the spatial extent along the phase‐encoded direction (i.e., y‐direction) within the slab. The slab is phase‐encoded in both through‐slab and in‐slab phase‐encoded directions. The 3D‐rFOVI technique was implemented at 3T in gradient‐echo and spin‐echo EPI pulse sequences for functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), respectively. 3D‐rFOVI experiments were performed on a phantom and human brain to illustrate image distortion reduction, as well as isotropic high spatial resolution, in comparison with 3D full‐FOV imaging.ResultsIn both the phantom and the human brain, image voxel dislocation was substantially reduced by 3D‐rFOVI when compared with full‐FOV imaging. In the fMRI experiment with visual stimulation, 3D isotropic spatial resolution of (2 × 2 × 2 mm3) was achieved with an adequate signal‐to‐noise ratio (81.5) and blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast (2.5%). In the DWI experiment, diffusion‐weighted brain images with an isotropic resolution of (1 × 1 × 1 mm3) was obtained without appreciable image distortion.ConclusionThis study indicates that 3D‐rFOVI is a viable approach to 3D neuroimaging over a zoomed region.
Characterization and correction of time‐varying eddy currents for diffusion MRI
Authors: Valsamis Jake J. , Dubovan Paul I. , Baron Corey A. 
Published: December 2021

PurposeTo develop and test a method for reducing artifacts due to time‐varying eddy currents in oscillating gradient spin‐echo (OGSE) diffusion images.MethodsAn in‐house algorithm (TVEDDY), that for the first time retrospectively models eddy current decay, was tested on pulsed gradient spin echo and OGSE brain images acquired at 7 T. Image pairs were acquired using opposite polarity diffusion gradients. A three‐parameter exponential decay model (two amplitudes and a time constant) was used to characterize and correct eddy current distortions by minimizing the intensity difference between image pairs. Correction performance was compared with conventional correction methods by evaluating the mean squared error (MSE) between diffusion‐weighted images acquired with opposite polarity diffusion gradients. As a ground‐truth comparison, images were corrected using field dynamics up to third order in space, measured using a field monitoring system.ResultsTime‐varying eddy currents were observed for OGSE, which introduced blurring that was not reduced using the traditional approach but was diminished considerably with TVEDDY and field monitoring–informed model‐based reconstruction. No MSE difference was observed between the conventional approach and TVEDDY for pulsed gradient spin echo, but for OGSE TVEDDY resulted in significantly lower MSE than the conventional approach. The field‐monitoring reconstruction had the lowest MSE for both pulsed gradient spin echo and OGSE.ConclusionThis work establishes that it is possible to estimate time‐varying eddy currents from the actual diffusion data, which provides substantial image‐quality improvements for gradient‐intensive diffusion MRI acquisitions like OGSE.
Biotic and Abiotic Factors Affecting Feeding Success of Early Juvenile Lake Whitefish in Lakes Michigan and Huron
Authors: Pothoven Steven , Olds Chris 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Feeding success is associated with increased growth and survival during early life stages for fish, and understanding the factors that influence feeding success is a critical step toward predicting future recruitment to the fishery. The goal of our study was to test whether various biotic and abiotic factors, including prey abundance, fish abundance, and water temperature, affected the feeding success of early juvenile Lake Whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis from Lakes Michigan and Huron. Higher feeding success, which was determined using residuals from average weights of consumed prey for a given length fish, was associated with more rapid growth rates in length and depended on multiple factors. Although the relationships were not overly strong, one factor that was most consistently associated with increased feeding success was available zooplankton biomass in combination with some other factor(s) such as water temperature and/or total fish or Lake Whitefish density. There was no difference in diet composition or the available zooplankton community composition among four different levels of feeding success. Feeding success measures help integrate complex environmental factors that can vary with fish ontogeny. In turn, feeding success has the potential to be an important metric for Lake Whitefish fishery management strategies that critically need to account for the myriad factors influencing survival and growth of prerecruits to the fishery.
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Functionalized with Amino Groups for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Estevão Bianca Martins , Miletto Ivana , Hioka Noboru , Marchese Leonardo , Gianotti Enrica 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of amino‐functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles are presented following two different synthetic methods: co‐condensation and post‐synthesis grafting of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The amino groups’ distribution on the mesoporous silica nanoparticles was evaluated considering the aggregation state of a grafted photosensitizer (Verteporfin) by using spectroscopic techniques. The homogeneous distribution of amino groups within the silica network is a key factor to avoid aggregation during further organic functionalization and to optimize the performance of functionalized silica nanoparticles in biomedical applications. In addition, the formation of a protein corona on the external surface of both bare and amino‐functionalized mesoporous silica was also investigated by adsorbing Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a model protein. The adsorption of BSA was found to be favorable, reducing the aggregation phenomena for both bare and amino‐modified nanoparticles. Nevertheless, the dispersant effect of BSA was much more evident in the case of amino‐modified nanoparticles, which reached monodispersion after adsorption of the protein, thus suggesting that amino‐modified nanoparticles can benefit from protein corona formation for preventing severe aggregation in biological media.
Differences in mortality rate among patients hospitalized with severe COVID‐19 according to their body mass index
Authors: Albarrán‐Sánchez Alejandra , Ramírez‐Rentería Claudia , Anda‐Garay Juan C. , Noyola‐García Maura E. , Alberti‐Minutti Paolo , Flores‐Padilla Guillermo , Guizar‐García Luis A. , Contreras‐García Carlos E. , Marrero‐Rodríguez Daniel , Taniguchi‐Ponciano Keiko , Mercado Moises , Ferreira‐Hermosillo Aldo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundObesity has been described as a risk factor for COVID‐19 severity and mortality. Previous studies report a linear association between BMI and adverse outcomes, meanwhile in other critical illness, excessive fat tissue is related to improved survival. Whether different BMI is related with the survival of patients with severe COVID‐19 deserves further analysis.ObjectiveTo determine the mortality rate among hospitalized patients with severe COVID‐19 stratified according to BMI.MethodsThe clinical files of all patients hospitalized from March to December 2020 with a positive PCR test for SARS‐CoV‐2 discharged due to improvement or death, were analyzed. A mixed effects logistic regression was carried out to determine which clinical and biochemical characteristics and comorbidities were associated with in‐hospital mortality.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 608 patients with a median age of 59 years (interquartile ranges, IQR 46–69 years), median BMI of 28.7 kg/m2 (IQR 25.4–32.4 kg/m2), 65.5% were male. In‐hospital mortality rate was 43.4%. Of the cohort 0.8% had low weight, 20.9% normal weight, 36.0% overweight, 26.5% obesity grade I, 10.2% obesity grade II and 5.6% obesity grade III. Mortality rate was highest in patients with low weight (80%), followed by patients with obesity grade III (58.8%) and grade II (50.0%). Overweight and underweight/obesity grade III were associated with higher mortality (OR of 9.75 [1.01–1.10] and OR 4.08 [1.64–10.14]), after adjusting by sex and age.ConclusionsThe patients in the underweight/overweight and grade 3 obesity categories are at higher risk of COVID‐19 related mortality, compared to those with grade I or II obesity.
Modeling technique for the linear‐elastic material behavior of short fiber‐reinforced composites using random fields
Authors: Rauter Natalie , Lammering Rolf 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe microstructure of short fiber‐reinforced composites is probabilistic due to the manufacturing process. The induced spatial fluctuation of the material properties cannot be covered by a homogeneous modeling concept since this technique leads to a deterministic representation of the material. In this study, a numerical approach is presented that includes the fluctuation of the material properties on the component level. The modeling approach consists of two steps. First, the probabilistic characteristics of the microstructure are derived by numerical simulation on the mesoscale. The obtained effective material properties and the correlation structure of the stiffness matrix elements are used to discretize second‐order Gaussian random fields for the material representation on the component level in a second step. To validate all results nanoindentation and tensile tests are conducted. It is shown that the suggested approach leads to excellent results comprising the overall structural response as well as the spatial fluctuation of the material properties. Hence, the introduced technique is suitable for modeling the linear‐elastic behavior of short fiber‐reinforced composites.
Johannes Kepler's comments in Jost Bürgi's manuscript on “Coss”
Authors: Ullrich Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the 1590ies Jost Bürgi calculated a highly precise table of the sine function with an increment of only 2 angular seconds. As a commentary to this table he wrote a manuscript on “Coss”, i.e., elementary algebra, which contains discussions of numerical methods that he used for the calculation of the table. Between 1596 and 1603, he handed the manuscript over to Johannes Kepler for editorial revision before its publication. Kepler's comments in the text are all the more interesting as he sharply criticized Bürgi's methods in his “Harmonices Mundi” in 1619.
On the influence of surface roughness on friction‐induced oscillations
Authors: Oestringer Lukas J. , Proppe Carsten 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe influence of surface roughness on friction‐induced oscillations due to non‐conservative coupling is investigated. The classical non‐conservative coupling model is extended by a stochastic friction coefficient which is modeled as colored noise. Two coupled and parametrically excited stochastic differential equations are obtained. The almost sure stability is analyzed by means of the top Lyapunov exponent Λ1 which indicates instability in the case of Λ1 > 0 and asymptotic stability in the case of Λ1 < 0. An influence of the stochastic friction coefficient on stability is found which manifests in the occurrence of parametrically excited fundamental and combination resonances.
Efficient domain decomposition based reliability analysis for polymorphic uncertain material parameters
Authors: Schmidt Albrecht , Lahmer Tom 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRealistic uncertainty description incorporating aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties can be described within the framework of polymorphic uncertainty, which is computationally demanding. Utilizing a domain decomposition approach for random field based uncertainty models the proposed level‐based sampling method can reduce these computational costs significantly and shows good agreement with a standard sampling technique. While 2‐level configurations tend to get unstable with decreasing sampling density 3‐level setups show encouraging results for the investigated reliability analysis of a structural unit square.
Oblique undular hydraulic jumps in turbulent free‐surface flows
Authors: Murschenhofer Dominik 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSteady turbulent near‐critical free‐surface flow over a slightly inclined bottom with an oblique roughness discontinuity is considered. An asymptotic analysis for Froude numbers close to the critical value 1 and large Reynolds numbers results in an extended Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation describing the free‐surface elevation without the need of turbulence modeling. Two new integral relations can be derived from the extended KdV equation. For enlarged downstream bottom roughness, a new type of undular jump solutions with fully developed flow both upstream and downstream exists. Numerical solutions of the extended KdV equation show that an increasing downstream bottom roughness enhances the development of undulations.
Experimental study on cavitation in rubber vulcanizates subjected to constrained tensile deformation
Authors: Euchler Eric , Bernhardt Ricardo , Schneider Konrad , Tada Toshio , Wießner Sven 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAdvanced experimental techniques in terms of in situ dilatometry and X‐ray microtomography as well as microscopy have been used to investigate cavitation in unfilled and carbon black reinforced styrene‐butadiene rubber vulcanizates. The work introduces into the features of multiaxial deformation and damage behavior characterized by the formation and growth of internal defects – so‐called cavities. Experimental evidence indicates that cavitation damage occurs in rubber vulcanizates subjected to constrained tensile deformation, while the number of cavities is increasing, but the average cavity size is decreasing with increasing degree of constraints.
Modeling of dynamic behavior in saturated porous media using the Houbolt time integration scheme
Authors: Bergmann Julia Nicolina , Schwarz Alexander , Bluhm Joachim , Schröder Jörg 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe following work deals with the inclusion of dynamic effects into the Theory of Porous Media (TPM) using the approach of Breuer [1] for a consolidation simulation of soil. After a rough review of the fundamental equations, a numerical boundary value problem (BVP) is shown emphasizing the importance of the choice of the time integration scheme. A drawback in the use of the Houbolt time integration scheme, regarding a change of Δt during the calculation, leads to two simple solution strategies to solve this complication.
Recent Developments in the Field of Modified Patankar‐Runge‐Kutta‐methods
Authors: Izgin Thomas , Kopecz Stefan , Meister Andreas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractModified Patankar‐Runge‐Kutta (MPRK) schemes are numerical one‐step methods for the solution of positive and conservative production‐destruction systems (PDS). They adapt explicit Runge‐Kutta schemes in a way to ensure positivity and conservation of the numerical approximation irrespective of the chosen time step size. Due to nonlinear relationships between the next and current iterate, the stability analysis for such schemes is lacking. In this work, we introduce a strategy to analyze the MPRK22(α)‐schemes in the case of positive and conservative PDS. Thereby, we point out that a usual stability analysis based on Dahlquist's equation is not possible in order to understand the properties of this class of schemes.
Design of a 3D composite structure considering data uncertainties and various failure mechanisms
Authors: Drieschner Martin , Petryna Yuri , Eichner Lukas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis study has been performed within the research project MuScaBlaDes “Multi‐scale failure analysis with polymorphic uncertainties for optimal design of rotor blades” as part of the DFG Priority Programme (SPP 1886) “Polymorphic Uncertainty Modelling for the Numerical Design of Structures” started in 2016. A three‐dimensional structure consisting of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) components glued by epoxy resin (EP) is designed considering uncertainties in geometrical and material properties. Different stresses, the vertical deflection, the global stability and the fatigue behavior should fulfill the defined restrictions in the optimization process. A global optimum is searched for four different topologies by minimizing the elastic strain energy density as well as the overall manufacturing costs.