bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of the Effects of Lactoferrin versus Oral Iron Therapy in Obese Children and Adolescents with Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Atia Manal Mahmoud , Gama Rasha Mohamed , Saad Mohamed Attia , Hamam Mohammed Amr 
Published: November 2021

Greater prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) has been observed in overweight and obese children and adolescents. Hepcidin acts as a key regulator of iron metabolism. Hepcidin synthesis increases in response inflammatory cytokines especially Interleukin-6 (IL-6). Considering that obesity represents a low grade chronic inflammatory state, a high concentration of hepcidin has been found in obese children. Elevated hepcidin level in obese children is associated with diminished response to oral iron therapy. Lactoferrin is an iron-binding multifunctional glycoprotein and has strong capacity to modulate the inflammatory response by its capacity to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in vivo, including IL-6 and hepcidin.
Aim of the Work: To compare the efficacy of lactoferrin versus oral iron therapy in treatment of obese children and adolescents with iron deficiency anemia and the effect of therapy on serum hepcidin and interleukin 6 levels.
Methodology: This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted on 40 obese children and adolescents aged between 6 –18 years suffering from iron deficiency anemia (IDA). They were equally randomized into one of 2 groups. Group A received regular oral lactoferrin in a dose of 100 mg/day. Group B received regular oral iron supplementation (Ferric hydroxide polymaltose) in a dose of 6 mg elemental iron/kg /day.Baseline investigations included complete blood count (CBC), iron profile (Serum ferritin, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation), serum Interleukin 6, and serum hepcidin. Reevaluation of CBC was done monthly while iron status parameters, serum IL-6 and serum hepcidin were reevaluated after 3 months of receiving regular therapy.
Results: Significant elevations in hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, Serum ferritin, serum iron and transferrin saturation with lactoferrin therapy compared to oral iron therapy. Significantly Lower TIBC after 3 months of lactoferrin therapy while the decrease in TIBC was insignificant in the iron therapy group.Lower serum hepcidin and IL6 after 3 months of lactoferrin therapy with no significant change in serum hepcidin and IL6 after iron therapy.
Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrated the superiority of lactoferrin over iron use as oral in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia in obese children not only for the better response of hematological and iron status parameters and less gastrointestinal side effects but also for its effect on decreasing inflammatory biomarkers as hepcidin and IL6.
Characterization of Coconut Shell Activated Carbon Catalyst for the Pyrolysis of Waste Sac Bags into Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels
Authors: Iheonye Kelechi Angelina , Edeh Ifeanyichukwu , Muritala Ibrahim Kolawole , Kuye Ayoade 
Published: November 2021

Aim: The use of synthetic catalysts in pyrolysis of waste plastics into hydrocarbon fuels is the common practice, these synthetic/ commercial catalysts are not readily available in Nigeria. The aim of this research paper is to prepare and characterize and test the catalytic performance of a locally made catalyst for waste plastic to hydrocarbon fuel pyrolysis.
Study Design: locally made catalyst was prepared from coconut shells, its elemental composition, structural morphology and pore properties investigated using appropriate instruments and methods.
Place and Duration: The experiments were carried out at the Petroleum Development Laboratory, situated at the Gas Engineering building, University of Port-Harcourt Nigeria. It took about 18 months to complete this study.
Methodology: Thermal and chemical activation methods were used to prepare the local catalyst from coconut shells. Scanning electron microscopy method was used to investigate the morphology and texture of the coconut shell activated carbon catalyst. Response Surface Method (RSM) in design expert software 12.0 was used to design the experiment, and investigate the effect of operating parameters on the response variable.
Results: The assessment of coconut shell activated carbon shows it can be used as an alternate to synthetic catalysts. This is because more than 60 % fuel oil was recovered when it was used in the pyrolysis of waste sac bags
Conclusion: Coconut shell activated carbon is effective in the conversion of waste sac bags high purity hydrocarbon fuels such as aviation kerosene.
Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching on Knowledge Regarding Kangaroo Mother Care among Husbands of Primigravida Mother
Authors: Ghugare Suwarna , Sebastian Tessy , Mahakalkar Manjusha Gulabrao , Wankhede Darshana Durgadass 
Published: November 2021

Kangaroo care is a practise that allows moms and fathers to have direct skin-to-skin contact with their infants. It has been demonstrated to promote the mother's mental health, strengthen mother-infant connection, and increase maternal lactation. Many studies feel that returning to the original paradigm of infant-mother early care, rather than our current incubator, bottle, and formula-feeding model, will result in happier and healthier newborns [1].
Objective: 1) To determine whether primigravida women' spouses have any awareness of kangaroo mother care. 2) To assess the efficiency of a planned education programme on kangaroo mother care among primigravida moms' husbands.3) To see if there's a link between post-test knowledge scores on kangaroo mother care among primigravida moms' spouses and certain demographic variables.
Methodology: A total of 60 people took part in the research. Husbands of primigravida women from various hospitals will be used as study subjects.
Results: There is a significant difference between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores when measuring effective planned training on knowledge about kangaroo mother care among husbands. The pretest has a mean of 8.18, while the posttest has a mean of 16.30, and the pretest has a standard deviation of 2.855, while the posttest has a standard deviation of 1.710. The t-value is 18.57, and the p-value is 0.000.
Conclusion: As a result, the planned education on knowledge about kangaroo mother care among primigravida moms' husband is statistically interpreted. The research hypothesis was accepted in this study, while the null hypothesis was denied.
Effectiveness of Health Interventions towards HIV/AIDS in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Siddiqui Sarmad Jamal , Sutan Rosnah , Isa Zaleeha Md , Laghari Arshad Hussain , Gemnani Vijia Kumar 
Published: November 2021

Background: Plentiful development has been achieved in interventions for the prevention of HIV. Although, progression of prevention programs based on evidence – informed methods that interpret the effectiveness of these approaches in population is still a challenge. In developing countries, not many interventions are implemented for reduction of HIV burden. The single most important identified problem is lack of demand, supply, and adherence approaches. In current systemic review, recent evidence for the prevention of HIV in a cascade manner is described to see status of current interventions and further needs for improvements.
Methodology: Systemic reviews regarding effectiveness on interventions of HIV prevention were searched. Primary studies were identified from eligible review that evaluated one of following factors: prevalence of HIV, incidence of HIV, testing uptake of HIV and use of condom. Interventions were categorized that pursued demand for prevention of HIV, improvement in supply for preventive approaches, support related to preventive behaviors or prevent HIV directly. A rating was assigned for each intervention based on evidence strength or randomized controlled trials.
Results: Out of 91 eligible reviews, 264 primary studies were included in this review. Primary studies related to direct mechanisms of prevention that showed strong data for circumcision and effectiveness of pre – exposure prophylaxis. Evidence implies that interventions related to increased supply of preventive methods including clean needles or condoms can be operative. Interventions related to demand – side and adherence approaches were less clear with some studies showing effectiveness. Quality evidence was assessed among various categories. Various interventions showed supportive outcomes and results. In our findings, it was observed that difference between behavioral and structural has not evidently distinguished the interventions.
Conclusion: Growing data is present for the support of effectiveness of products, behaviors, and procedures for prevention of HIV. In developing countries, negligible data is present for implementation of such approaches on community level. Interventions will be required for transforming this evidence to produce impact on population. It will empower the demand for prevention of HIV, supply of preventive technologies and utilization of preventive approaches against HIV. The findings can be eye opener to see actual burden of HIV and their implanted interventions and can be useful to design further intervention programs in future.
Manipulating the Interlayer Spacing of 3D MXenes with Improved Stability and Zinc‐Ion Storage Capability
Authors: Peng Mengke , Wang Li , Li Longbin , Tang Xiannong , Huang Bingyu , Hu Ting , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang 
Published: November 2021

Abstract2D transition metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) have excellent physical–chemical properties, which makes them promising for electrochemical energy storage devices. However, because of their inherent self‐stacking and narrow interlayer spacing, it is rarely used in multivalent ion energy storage systems. In this study, fatty diamines and aromatic diamines with different molecular sizes are inserted between MXene interlayers as pillars through a one‐step amination process to inhibit the self‐stacking and obtain different expanded interlayer spacings with improved antioxidant stability. X‐ray diffraction results show that interlayer spacing of MXene increases from 1.23 to 1.40 nm. The p‐phenylenediamine‐intercalated MXene (PDA‐MXene) exhibits better matching interlayer spacing (1.38 nm) and pore structure for improved electrolyte‐accessible surface area, enhanced charge‐transport properties, and promoted Zn2+ ions storage. Therefore, zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitor (ZHSC) using PDA‐MXene as cathode exhibits higher specific capacitance (124.4 F g−1 at 0.2 A g−1) in 2 m ZnSO4 electrolyte together with outstanding cycling stability (85% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles at 1 A g−1). This study provides a route for precise control of MXene interlayer spacing by small organic molecules, which can be used to observe efficient charge storage in MXene‐based electrochemical energy storage devices by optimizing interlayer spacing.
High‐Yield Ti3C2Tx MXene–MoS2 Integrated Circuits
Authors: Xu Xiangming , Guo Tianchao , Hota Mrinal K. , Kim Hyunho , Zheng Dongxing , Liu Chen , Hedhili Mohamed Nejib , Alsaadi Rajeh S. , Zhang Xixiang , Alshareef Husam N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIt is very challenging to employ solution‐processed conducting films in large‐area ultrathin nanoelectronics. Here, spray‐coated Ti3C2Tx MXene films as metal contacts are successfully integrated into sub‐10 nm gate oxide 2D MoS2 transistor circuits. Ti3C2Tx films are spray coated on glass substrates followed by vacuum annealing. Compared to the as‐prepared sample, vacuum annealed films exhibit a higher conductivity (≈11 000 S cm−1) and a lower work function (≈4.5 eV). Besides, the annealed Ti3C2Tx film can be patterned through a standard cleanroom process without peeling off. The annealed Ti3C2Tx film shows a better band alignment for n‐type transport in MoS2 channel with small work function mismatch of 0.06 eV. The MoS2 film can be uniformly transferred on the patterned Ti3C2Tx surface and then readily processed through the cleanroom process. A large‐area array of Ti3C2Tx MXene–MoS2 transistors is fabricated using different dielectric thicknesses and semiconducting channel sizes. High yield and stable performance for these transistor arrays even with an 8 nm‐thick dielectric layer are demonstrated. Besides, several circuits are demonstrated, including rectifiers, negative‐channel metal–oxide–semiconductor (NMOS) inverters, and voltage‐shift NMOS inverters. Overall, this work indicates the tremendous potential for solution‐processed Ti3C2Tx MXene films in large‐area 2D nanoelectronics.
Preparation of fcc‐2H‐fcc Heterophase Pd@Ir Nanostructures for High‐Performance Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Ge Yiyao , Wang Xixi , Chen Bo , Huang Zhiqi , Shi Zhenyu , Huang Biao , Liu Jiawei , Wang Gang , Chen Ye , Li Lujiang , Lu Shiyao , Luo Qinxin , Yun Qinbai , Zhang Hua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWith the development of phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN), construction of noble‐metal heterostructures with unconventional crystal phases, including heterophases, has been proposed as an attractive approach toward the rational design of highly efficient catalysts. However, it still remains challenging to realize the controlled preparation of such unconventional‐phase noble‐metal heterostructures and explore their crystal‐phase‐dependent applications. Here, various Pd@Ir core–shell nanostructures are synthesized with unconventional fcc‐2H‐fcc heterophase (2H: hexagonal close‐packed; fcc: face‐centered cubic) through a wet‐chemical seeded method. As a result, heterophase Pd66@Ir34 nanoparticles, Pd45@Ir55 multibranched nanodendrites, and Pd68@Ir22Co10 trimetallic nanoparticles are obtained via the phase‐selective epitaxial growth of fcc‐2H‐fcc‐heterophase Ir‐based nanostructures on 2H‐Pd seeds. Importantly, the heterophase Pd45@Ir55 nanodendrites exhibit excellent catalytic performance toward electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under acidic conditions. An overpotential of only 11.0 mV is required to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 on Pd45@Ir55 nanodendrites, which is lower than those of the conventional fcc‐Pd47@Ir53 counterparts, commercial Ir/C and Pt/C. This work not only demonstrates an appealing route to synthesize novel heterophase nanomaterials for promising applications in the emerging field of PEN, but also highlights the significant role of the crystal phase in determining their catalytic properties.
Neuronal Induction of Bone‐Fat Imbalance through Osteocyte Neuropeptide Y
Authors: Zhang Yan , Chen Chun‐Yuan , Liu Yi‐Wei , Rao Shan‐Shan , Tan Yi‐Juan , Qian Yu‐Xuan , Xia Kun , Huang Jie , Liu Xi‐Xi , Hong Chun‐Gu , Yin Hao , Cao Jia , Feng Shi‐Kai , He Ze‐Hui , Li You‐You , Luo Zhong‐Wei , Wu Ben , Yan Zi‐Qi , Chen Tuan‐Hui , Chen Meng‐Lu , Wang Yi‐Yi , Wang Zhen‐Xing , Liu Zheng‐Zhao , Luo Ming‐Jie , Hu Xiong‐Ke , Jin Ling , Wan Teng‐Fei , Yue Tao , Tang Si‐Yuan , Xie Hui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA differentiation switch of bone marrow mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) from osteoblasts to adipocytes contributes to age‐ and menopause‐associated bone loss and marrow adiposity. Here it is found that osteocytes, the most abundant bone cells, promote adipogenesis and inhibit osteogenesis of BMSCs by secreting neuropeptide Y (NPY), whose expression increases with aging and osteoporosis. Deletion of NPY in osteocytes generates a high bone mass phenotype, and attenuates aging‐ and ovariectomy (OVX)‐induced bone‐fat imbalance in mice. Osteocyte NPY production is under the control of autonomic nervous system (ANS) and osteocyte NPY deletion blocks the ANS‐induced regulation of BMSC fate and bone‐fat balance. γ‐Oryzanol, a clinically used ANS regulator, significantly increases bone formation and reverses aging‐ and OVX‐induced osteocyte NPY overproduction and marrow adiposity in control mice, but not in mice lacking osteocyte NPY. The study suggests a new mode of neuronal control of bone metabolism through the ANS‐induced regulation of osteocyte NPY.
Domain Wall Patterning and Giant Response Functions in Ferrimagnetic Spinels
Authors: Kish Lazar L. , Thaler Alex , Lee Minseong , Zakrzewski Alexander V. , Reig‐i‐Plessis Dalmau , Wolin Brian A. , Wang Xu , Littrell Kenneth C. , Budakian Raffi , Zhou Haidong , Gai Zheng , Frontzek Matthias D. , Zapf Vivien S. , Aczel Adam A. , DeBeer‐Schmitt Lisa , MacDougall Gregory J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe manipulation of mesoscale domain wall phenomena has emerged as a powerful strategy for designing ferroelectric responses in functional devices, but its full potential is not yet realized in the field of magnetism. This work shows a direct connection between magnetic response functions in mechanically strained samples of Mn3O4 and MnV2O4 and stripe‐like patternings of the bulk magnetization which appear below known magnetostructural transitions. Building off previous magnetic force microscopy data, a small‐angle neutron scattering is used to show that these patterns represent distinctive magnetic phenomena which extend throughout the bulk of two separate materials, and further are controllable via applied magnetic field and mechanical stress. These results are unambiguously connected to the anomalously large magnetoelastic and magnetodielectric response functions reported for these materials, by performing susceptibility measurements on the same crystals and directly correlating local and macroscopic data.
Magnetically Aligned Ultrafine Cobalt Embedded 3D Porous Carbon Metamaterial by One‐Step Ultrafast Laser Direct Writing
Authors: Xu Jin , Wang Ruoxing , Jiang Haoqing , Liu Xingtao , An Licong , Jin Shengyu , Deng Biwei , Wu Wenzhuo , Cheng Gary J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpatial manipulation of nanoparticles (NPs) in a controlled manner is critical for the fabrication of 3D hybrid materials with unique functions. However, traditional fabrication methods such as electron‐beam lithography and stereolithography are usually costly and time‐consuming, precluding their production on a large scale. Herein, for the first time the ultrafast laser direct writing is combined with external magnetic field (MF) to massively produce graphene‐coated ultrafine cobalt nanoparticles supported on 3D porous carbon using metal–organic framework crystals as precursors (5 × 5 cm2 with 10 s). The MF‐confined picosecond laser scribing not only reduces the metal ions rapidly but also aligns the NPs in ultrafine and evenly distributed order (from 7.82 ± 2.37 to 3.80 ± 0.84 nm). ≈400% increment of N‐Q species within N compositionis also found as the result of the special MF‐induced laser plasma plume. (). The importance of MF is further exmined by electrochemical water‐splitting tests. Significant overpotential improvements of 90 and 150 mV for oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction are observed, respectively, owing to the MF‐induced alignment of the NPs and controlled elemental compositions. This work provides a general bottom‐up approach for the synthesis of metamaterials with high outputs yet a simple setup.
Scalable Fabrication of Metallic Nanogaps at the Sub‐10 nm Level
Authors: Luo Sihai , Hoff Bård H. , Maier Stefan A. , de Mello John C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMetallic nanogaps with metal–metal separations of less than 10 nm have many applications in nanoscale photonics and electronics. However, their fabrication remains a considerable challenge, especially for applications that require patterning of nanoscale features over macroscopic length‐scales. Here, some of the most promising techniques for nanogap fabrication are evaluated, covering established technologies such as photolithography, electron‐beam lithography (EBL), and focused ion beam (FIB) milling, plus a number of newer methods that use novel electrochemical and mechanical means to effect the patterning. The physical principles behind each method are reviewed and their strengths and limitations for nanogap patterning in terms of resolution, fidelity, speed, ease of implementation, versatility, and scalability to large substrate sizes are discussed.
Aptamer Probes Labeled with Lanthanide‐Doped Carbon Nanodots Permit Dual‐Modal Fluorescence and Mass Cytometric Imaging
Authors: Yu Youyi , Wang Xin , Jia Xiaolong , Feng Zijian , Zhang Lulu , Li Hongxia , He Jie , Shen Guangxia , Ding Xianting 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh‐dimensional imaging mass cytometry (IMC) enables simultaneous quantification of over 35 biomarkers on one tissue section. However, its limited resolution and ultralow acquisition speed remain major issues for general clinical application. Meanwhile, conventional immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM) allows sub‐micrometer resolution and rapid identification of the region of interest (ROI), but only operates with low multiplicity. Herein, a series of lanthanide‐doped blue‐, green‐, and red‐fluorescent carbon nanodots (namely, B‐Cdots(Ln1), G‐Cdots(Ln2), and R‐Cdots(Ln3)) as fluorescence and mass dual‐modal tags are developed. Coupled with aptamers, B‐Cdots(159Tb)‐A10‐3.2, G‐Cdots(165Ho)‐AS1411, and R‐Cdots(169Tm)‐SYL3C dual‐functional aptamer probes, which are then multiplexed with commercially available Maxpar metal‐tagged antibodies for analyzing clinical formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) prostatic adenocarcinoma (PaC) tissue, are further synthesized. The rapid identification of ROI with IFM using fluorescence signals and subsequent multiplexed detection of in situ ROI with IMC using the same tissue section is demonstrated. Dual‐modal probes save up to 90% IMC blind scanning time for a standard 3.5 mm × 3.5 mm overall image. Meanwhile, the IFM provides refined details and topological spatial distributions for the functional proteins at optical resolution, which compensates for the low resolution of the IMC imaging.
Direct hyperbilirubinemia and cholestasis in trisomy 13 and 18
Authors: Kepple Jeffrey W. , Peeples Eric S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTrisomy 13 and 18 are common chromosomal abnormalities that affect multiple organ systems. There is a paucity of published data, however, on the hepatic complications seen in these patient populations. One of the most common pathologic hepatobiliary issues seen in the newborn period is direct hyperbilirubinemia (DH). Thus, this study sought to estimate the incidence and evaluate possible etiologies of DH in neonates with trisomy 13 or 18. This retrospective cohort study included all infants admitted to our two neonatal intensive care units between 2012 and 2020 with the diagnosis of trisomy 13 or 18. DH is most commonly diagnosed as a direct bilirubin >1 mg/dl but a cutoff of >2 mg/dl is more specific for cholestasis, so both cutoffs were evaluated. Continuous data were compared using Fisher's exact test and categorical variables by the Mann–Whitney U test. Thirty‐five patients met inclusion: 13 with trisomy 13 and 22 with trisomy 18. DH of >2 mg/dl was seen in seven (53.8%) patients with trisomy 13 and five (22.7%) with trisomy 18. Using a cutoff of >1 mg/dl, the rate of trisomy 13 was unchanged, but the rate in trisomy 18 increased to 9/22 (40.9%). There was a trend toward more DH in trisomy 13 patients (p = 0.079) versus trisomy 18 and higher rates in infants who received total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (50.0 vs. 13.3%, p = 0.026). The presence of cardiac or ultrasound‐defined hepatobiliary abnormalities was not correlated with DH. Due to the high rates of DH in hospitalized neonates with trisomy 13 and 18, we recommend screening newborns with trisomy 13 or 18 for DH starting in the first week of life and continuing at least weekly until 4 weeks of life or until completion of TPN, whichever comes later. Future studies should further evaluate possible etiologies of DH in this population.