bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatalities Due to Poisoning with Aluminum Phosphide (Rice Pill) and
Methadone
Authors: Astaraki Peyman , Ahadi Maryam , Salehinejad Foroutan , Honardoost Vahideh 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTAcute poisoning is commonly seen with pharmaceutical substance or pesticides.
Understanding pattern of acute poisoning due to different agents can enable
better emergency management. The aim of this study is to present and evaluate
the fatality-related data of acute poisoning due to aluminum phosphide (rice
pills) and methadone. This descriptive-analytical study was performed on
patients Shahid Rahimi Hospital due to poisoning with rice tablets (aluminum
phosphide) and methadone from 2015–2020. The data collection tool was a
questionnaire using with demographic data, type and dose of poison and clinical
presentation, duration of hospitalization was obtained and statistically
analyzed. Out of 19 238 patients with poisoning referred to this center, 412
people referred to the hospital due to rice pill poisoning, of which 56
(13.59%) died and among 2157 patients due to methadone poisoning, 22 of
them (1.09%) died. In both the groups, rice pill and methadone, there
were more male patients 53.57 and 81.81%, respectively. In aluminum
phosphide poisoning, the greatest population was in the age group
(15–35). However, no specific age group was seen in methadone poisoning.
The duration of hospitalization and the time of referral to the emergency
department to the death of the patient was significantly correlated with
mortality in both the groups. The prevalence of intentional rice kill poising
was greatest, effecting young population, we recommend that health care
awareness program and training should be provided in this regard. Furthermore,
psychiatric care should be made easily available in the region.
Experimental investigation on cathode layer of surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma by surface potential measurement
Authors: Li Ting , Yan Huijie , Yu Siqi , Li Jiaqi , Song Jian , Zhang Quanzhi 
Published: October 2021

The cathode layer of surface dielectric barrier discharge plasma is investigated experimentally by using the surface potential measurement under different bias voltages. Positive charge accumulation is found near the edge of the exposed electrode (x = 0 mm) under negative DC bias voltage. In addition, the plasma electromotive force (EMF) distribution curve near the edge of the exposed electrode diverges with the negative DC bias voltage. These phenomena are in good agreement with the conclusion that the cathode layer shows positive potential in time average. Five actuators with different exposed electrode widths are designed to study the relationship between the cathode layer and the mechanical properties of the actuator. With the widening of the exposed electrode, the positive charges in the cathode layer increase, and the plasma EMF divergence is more pronounced. However, the thrust force decreases. Moreover, the variation of thrust force with DC bias voltage is consistent with the change of the plasma EMF. The experimental results show that the narrow-exposed electrode actuator for the cathode layer with a small size and low number of positive ions has better mechanical properties. By analysis, this is mainly due to the lower number of positive ions of the cathode layer, producing less shielding from the applied voltage. More electrons are emitted from the cathode layer. This paper provides a method for the detection and study of the cathode layer. In addition, it can provide insight into how the cathode layer affects the development of thrust force.
Three-dimensional free vibration analysis of thick laminated combination shell using a meshfree approach
Authors: Kwak Songhun , Kim Kwanghun 
Published: October 2021

In this paper, a novel meshfree approach is proposed for the three-dimensional free vibration analysis of laminated composite combination shells. The three-dimensional theory of elasticity is applied to the formulation for free vibration analysis of thick laminated elliptical–cylindrical and conical–cylindrical combination shells, and the field functions are approximated by a novel meshfree Tchebychev-point interpolation method shape function using Tchebychev polynomials as the basis. The governing equation and boundary conditions for the individual layers of the substructures of the laminated combination shell are derived, and the equations of the whole system are obtained by combining them using a continuous condition. The boundary and continuous conditions are generalized by the introduction of an artificial spring technique, and the type of boundary conditions is selected according to the spring stiffness. The accuracy and reliability of the proposed method are verified by comparing the results of the proposed method with those of literature and finite element program ABAQUS. The free vibration characteristics including natural frequencies and mode shapes of thick combination shells with various geometries and boundary conditions are presented through numerical examples.
Investigation of an improved low-impedance meander pulse forming line based on glass ceramics
Authors: Cai Hao , Li Song , Zeng Fanzheng , Zhang Qingmeng , Wang Junting , Yang Hanwu 
Published: October 2021

The meander pulse forming line (PFL) is a kind of prospective solid dielectric device for compact, reliable pulsed power systems. In this paper, the electrode structure of a PFL based on glass ceramics was designed with a Ω-shaped structure, which can improve the voltage strength of the PFL and increase the output pulse width. The electric field distribution and output waveform were obtained numerically. Experimental results illustrate that the improved PFL, with dimensions of 260 × 140 × 7 mm3, when used as a simple PFL could generate a well-shaped quasi-square pulse, with the output pulse duration of 85 ns, which is in agreement with the simulation within 14%. Under the conditions of 30 kV charging voltage, 50 Hz repetition frequency, and 4 Ω matching impedance, the lifetime of the solid dielectric PFL based on glass ceramics could be more than 1 × 106. Experiments show reasonable agreement with numerical analysis.
Soil properties sensitive to degradation caused by increasing intensity of conventional tillage
Authors: Estevam Rodrigo Fernandes Herrera , Peixoto Devison Souza , Melo Filho José Fernandes de , Amorim Helen Carla Santana , Moreira Fatima Maria de Souza , Silva Aline Oliveira 
Published: October 2021

Increased conventional tillage intensity causes soil degradation in agrosystems. In this field experiment, we evaluate the sensitivity of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties under varying soil tillage intensities. The treatments were: TI0 (tillage intensity zero); TI2 (tillage intensity two); TI4 (tillage intensity four); TI6 (tillage intensity six); and TI8 (tillage intensity eight). These treatments corresponded to two tillage seasons (dry and rainy conditions) with four tillage intensities of conventional tillage (ploughing + harrowing) performed monthly. The restorative role of crop growth and rotations in soil properties was not considered in this study, and the interval between soil tillage was short. After the second tillage season, we determined 31 soil physical, chemical and biological properties. Biological properties were more affected by conventional tillage intensity than physical and chemical properties. The most sensitive soil properties to the increasing tillage intensities were aggregate weighted mean diameter (WMD), percentage of aggregates (PA), bulk density (Bd), total porosity (TP), macroporosity (Mac), microporosity (Mic), soil pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter (SOM), total microbial activity (FDA), arylsulfatase (Ary), acid phosphatase (Phos), and xylanase activity (Xyl). A minimum data set including WMD, Mac, SOM, and Xyl was suggested. The highest intensity of conventional tillage reduced WMD, Xyl and Mac by 28%, 51%, and 63%, respectively, and increased SOM by 14% relative to the control. This work may guide managers on the best soil properties for monitoring the impacts of soil tillage on soil quality in agricultural areas that routinely use conventional tillage as a management practice.
Context-specific regulation of lysosomal lipolysis through network-level diverting of transcription factor interactions
Authors: Mony Vinod K. , Drangowska-Way Anna , Albert Reka , Harrison Emma , Ghaddar Abbas , Horak Mary Kate , Ke Wenfan , O’Rourke Eyleen J. 
Published: October 2021

Significance
Genes often encode for proteins with specialized functions (e.g., lipase). However, the function of the protein, and hence the gene, may be critical for survival in diverse contexts (e.g., fasting and oxidative stress). Hence, how are common survival genes activated in multiple contexts? Based on genetics and mathematical modeling, we describe two modes of transcriptional activation: 1) convergent—a single transcriptional regulator activates the survival gene in multiple contexts—and 2) contextual—the activity/interaction of members of a network of transcriptional regulators is fine-tuned to activate the survival gene through molecular paths that are specific to a context. The results underscore the limitations of across-context molecular inferences and suggest an economic tactic to biological resilience.
Governing global policy: what IPE can learn from public policy?
Authors: Legrand Tim , Stone Diane 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTAs the state has become more susceptible to global pathologies, public policy scholars have found increasingly common ground with their IPE cousins. The development of these relatively young fields of study – increasingly they are sub-disciplines – has been commensurate but rarely intersecting. Yet contemporary maelstroms of global politics, economics, health, and security, span borders with ease, and increasingly force us to recognise, reconsider, and reconceptualise the overlapping realms of the national and international. In so doing, we must overcome the disciplinary distinctions. In this article, we traverse the prominent in-built disciplinary imperatives and methodologies that have kept these two disciplines from concerted inter-operability or, at least, interchange of theories and concepts. To do so, we begin by presenting a brief overview of the conceptual pedigrees and trajectories of these disciplines, before drawing attention to the prominent prevailing overlaps, ‘trespasses’ and tensions as they specifically relate to policy convergence and diffusion, and policy transfer. We proceed to specify a reconciliation of these tensions through, in the third section, a brief study of the growth of global administrations, administrators, and administrative spaces. This, we contend, stands as a paradigm case of how reconciled IPE/public policy concepts can produce enhanced theoretical and substantive insights into the transnationalising political world.
Deterrence and the Adjustment of Sentences During Imprisonment
Authors: Polinsky A Mitchell , Shavell Steven 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The prison time actually served by a convicted criminal depends to a significant degree on decisions made by the state during the course of imprisonment—notably, on whether to grant parole. We study a model of the adjustment of sentences assuming that the state’s objective is the optimal deterrence of crime. In the model, the state can lower or raise a criminal’s initial sentence on the basis of deterrence-relevant information obtained during imprisonment. Our focus on sentence adjustment as a means of promoting deterrence stands in contrast to the usual emphasis in sentence adjustment policy on avoiding recidivism.
Parental ecological history can differentially modulate parental age effects on offspring physiological traits inDrosophila
Authors: Morimoto Juliano 
Published: October 2021

AbstractParents adjust their reproductive investment over their lifespan based on their condition, age, and social environment, creating the potential for inter-generational effects to differentially affect offspring physiology. To date, however, little is known about how social environments experienced by parents throughout development and adulthood influence the effect of parental age on the expression of life-history traits in the offspring. Here, I collected data on Drosophila melanogaster offspring traits (i.e., body weight, water content, and lipid reserves) from populations where either mothers, fathers both, or neither parents experienced different social environments during development (larval crowding) and adulthood. Parental treatment modulated parental age effects on offspring lipid reserves but did not influence parental age effects on offspring water content. Importantly, parents in social environments where all individuals were raised in uncrowded larval densities produced daughters and sons lighter than parental treatments which produced the heaviest offspring. The peak in offspring body weight was delayed relative to the peak in parental reproductive success, but more strongly so for daughters from parental treatments where some or all males in the parental social environments were raised in crowded larval densities (irrespective of their social context), suggesting a potential father-to-daughter effect. Overall, the findings of this study reveal that parental ecological history (here, developmental and adult social environments) can modulate the effects of parental age at reproduction on the expression of offspring traits.
Atmospheric Warming-Associated Phenological Earliness Does Not Increase the Length of Growing Season in Himalayan Trees
Authors: Negi G C S , Singh Pradeep , Singh S P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present phenological data for two time periods (1985–1987 and 2014–2016) on major tree species (Shorea robusta, Pinus roxburghii, Myrica esculenta, Quercus leucotrichophora, Rhododendron arboreum, Quercus floribunda, and Machilus duthiei) occurring along an altitudinal gradient of 300–2,200 m asl of Himalayan forests (a data-deficient region identified by the IPCC, 2007), and show that bud break and leafing in trees has advanced at 0.20 days/year, which is associated with a significant (P &lt; 0.001) increase in atmospheric temperature (0.038°C/year) over the years in the study area. Also, the leaf drop period has advanced correspondingly (0.40 days/year); hence, the length of season (LOS) did not increase in these trees. This finding is contrary to the report of increase in LOS due to climatic warming from temperate latitudes of the world and satellite-based studies in Himalayan region. Arguably, phenomena such as bud break and leafing may not be captured by remote sensing, which is critical for determining the impact of climate change on the forest vegetation of the eco-sensitive Himalayan region. We suggest that this phenological earliness may alter forest structure and functioning and associated ecosystem services of these forests in the long run.
Expression of human HIPKs inDrosophilademonstrates their shared and unique functions in a developmental model
Authors: Kinsey Stephen D , Vinluan Justin P , Shipman Gerald A , Verheyen Esther M 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHomeodomain-interacting protein kinases (HIPKs) are a family of four conserved proteins essential for vertebrate development, as demonstrated by defects in the eye, brain, and skeleton that culminate in embryonic lethality when multiple HIPKs are lost in mice. While HIPKs are essential for development, functional redundancy between the four vertebrate HIPK paralogues has made it difficult to compare their respective functions. Because understanding the unique and shared functions of these essential proteins could directly benefit the fields of biology and medicine, we addressed the gap in knowledge of the four vertebrate HIPK paralogues by studying them in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, where reduced genetic redundancy simplifies our functional assessment. The single hipk present in the fly allowed us to perform rescue experiments with human HIPK genes that provide new insight into their individual functions not easily assessed in vertebrate models. Furthermore, the abundance of genetic tools and established methods for monitoring specific developmental pathways and gross morphological changes in the fly allowed for functional comparisons in endogenous contexts. We first performed rescue experiments to demonstrate the extent to which each of the human HIPKs can functionally replace Drosophila Hipk for survival and morphological development. We then showed the ability of each human HIPK to modulate Armadillo/β-catenin levels, JAK/STAT activity, proliferation, growth, and death, each of which have previously been described for Hipks, but never all together in comparable tissue contexts. Finally, we characterized novel developmental phenotypes induced by human HIPKs to gain insight to their unique functions. Together, these experiments provide the first direct comparison of all four vertebrate HIPKs to determine their roles in a developmental context.
Sex Differences in the Association Between Metabolic Dysregulation and Cognitive Aging: The Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Chanti-Ketterl Marianne , Stebbins Rebecca C , Obhi Hardeep K , Belsky Daniel W , Plassman Brenda L , Yang Yang Claire 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Dysregulation of some metabolic factors increases the risk of dementia. It remains unclear if overall metabolic dysregulation, or only certain components, contribute to cognitive aging and if these associations are sex specific.

Methods
Data from the 2006–2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) was used to analyze 7 103 participants aged 65 and older at baseline (58% women). We created a metabolic-dysregulation risk score (MDRS) composed of blood pressure/hypertension status, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)/diabetes status, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and waist circumference, and assessed cognitive trajectories from repeated measures of the HRS-Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (HRS-TICS) over 10 years of follow-up. Linear mixed-effects models estimated associations between MDRS or individual metabolic factors (biomarkers) with mean and change in HRS-TICS scores and assessed sex-modification of these associations.

Results
Participants with higher MDRSs had lower mean HRS-TICS scores, but there were no statistically significant differences in rate of decline. Sex stratification showed this association was present for women only. MDRS biomarkers revealed heterogeneity in the strength and direction of associations with HRS-TICS. Lower HRS-TICS levels were associated with hypertension, higher HbA1c/diabetes, and lower HDL-C and TC, whereas faster rate of cognitive decline was associated with hypertension, higher HbA1c/diabetes, and higher TC. Participants with higher HbA1c/diabetes presented worse cognitive trajectories. Sex differences indicated that women with higher HbA1c/diabetes to have lower HRS-TICS levels, whereas hypertensive males presented better cognitive trajectory.

Conclusions
Our results demonstrate that metabolic dysregulation is more strongly associated with cognition in women compared with men, though sex differences vary by individual biomarker.
Cognitive Reserve Moderates the Efficiency of Prefrontal Cortex Activation Patterns of Gait in Older Adults
Authors: Holtzer Roee , Ross Daliah , O’Brien Catherine , Izzetoglu Meltem , Wagshul Mark E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Cognitive reserve (CR) protects against cognitive decline, but whether CR influences the efficiency of cortical control of gait has not been reported. The current study addressed this important gap in the literature. Specifically, we determined the role of CR in moderating the efficiency of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS)-derived oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) assessed during active walking. We hypothesized that higher CR would be associated with more efficient brain activation patterns.

Methods
Participants were 55 (mean age = 74.84; %female = 49.1) older adults who underwent the combined walking/fNIRS protocol and had magnetic resonance imaging data. We used an established dual-task walking paradigm that consisted of 3 task conditions: single-task walk (STW), single-task alpha (STA, cognitive task), and dual-task walk (DTW). Using the residual approach, CR was derived from a word-reading test score by removing variance accounted for by sociodemographic variables, tests of current cognitive functions, and a measure of structural brain integrity.

Results
CR moderated the change in fNIRS-derived HbO2 in the PFC across tasks. Higher CR was associated with smaller increases in fNIRS-derived HbO2 from the single tasks to dual-task walking (CR × DTW compared with STW: estimate = 0.183; p &lt; .001; CR × DTW compared with STA: estimate = 0.257; p &lt; .001). The moderation effect of CR remained significant when adjusting for multiple covariates and concurrent moderation effects of measures of gait performance, current cognitive functions, and structural integrity of the brain.

Conclusion
The current study provided first evidence that higher CR was associated with better neural efficiency of walking in older adults.
Physical Activity in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Raman Maitreyi , Rajagopalan Vidya , Kaur Sandeep , Reimer Raylene A , Ma Christopher , Ghosh Subrata , Vallance Jeff 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Despite advancement in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), induction and maintenance of remission remain challenging to achieve in many patients and a significant proportion of patients with IBD experience mental health conditions, including anxiety, depression, and fatigue, which impair their quality of life (QoL). We aim to describe the available evidence regarding the effects of physical activity (PA) on the onset of IBD, its disease course, and important patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), such as QoL, fatigue, and mental health.

Methods
A literature search was performed using electronic databases to identify original articles that assessed the effects of PA in patients with IBD using PROMs.

Results
Prospective cohort and case-control studies demonstrate inverse relationships between PA and new-onset IBD in Crohn’s disease but not in ulcerative colitis; however, they have small sample sizes and caution must be taken in considering associations versus causation. Small randomized controlled trials suggest promise for PA and beneficial outcomes, such as maintenance of clinical remission and improvement in QoL, fatigue, depression, and anxiety. However, these studies were small and underpowered, and limited by outcome measurements and durations of follow-up.

Conclusions
Physicians may consider discussing PA interventions with their patients on an individual basis, especially if they report impaired QoL, fatigue, depression, or anxiety, until disease-specific guidelines are available. Including PA as part of a primary prevention strategy in high-risk patients could be considered.