bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI JOHN HOWARD TERHADAP IMIGRAN ILEGAL DI AUSTRALIA
Authors: Lumentut Dhea T. , Pelamonia Yan G. , R.V. Korwa Johni 
Published: December 2021

This paper aims to analyze Australian Prime Minister John Howard’s foreign policy in responding to illegal immigrants who attempt to enter Australian territory by sea. This study employed library research as well as a qualitative approach. In particular, this study used the theory of foreign policy offered by Walter Calsnaes called ‘a logically tripartite approach’ to analyze Howard’s policy in responding to illegal immigrants. This paper found that Howard’s foreign policy in responding to illegal immigrants was not only state-centric in nature focusing on protecting Australian sovereignty, but the policy also had a purpose to maintain power control. Firstly, Howard was willing to show the world that his leadership was different compared to his predecessors, asserting that Australia should not be regarded as a country of easy destination. Secondly, Howard showed that limiting the number of illegal immigrants was in the best interest of the country to protect Australians. Thirdly, Howard proved that his foreign policy towards illegal immigrants could influence the politics of Australia including federal elections. Lastly, Howard demonstrated his ability in the context of institutional settings by issuing new laws to strengthen his foreign policy.
Keywords: Australia, John Howard, Illegal Immigrants, Policy
Abstrak
Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebijakan luar negeri Perdana Menteri John Howard dalam merespon para imigran ilegal yang datang ke Australia secara khusus melalui jalur laut. Studi ini menggunakan metode studi pustaka dan pendekatan kualitatif. Secara khusus, penulis menggunakan teori kebijakan luar negeri yang ditawarkan oleh Walter Carlsnaes yang disebut „a logically tripartite approach‟ untuk menganalisis kebijakan Howard dalam merespon imigran ilegal. Studi ini menemukan bahwa kebijakan luar negeri Howard dalam merespon imigran ilegal tidak hanya bersifat state-centric yang berfokus pada perlindungan kedaulatan negara, tetapi kebijakan itu juga memiliki motivasi untuk mempertahankan kekuasaan. Pertama, Howard ingin menunjukkan pada dunia bahwa ia adalah pemimpin yang berbeda dari pendahulunya dengan menegaskan bahwa Australia seharusnya tidak dipertimbangkan sebagai negara yang dapat dicapai dengan mudah. Kedua, Howard ingin menunjukkan bahwa pembatasan jumlah imigran ilegal adalah capaian kepentingan nasional untuk melindungi komunitas Australia. Ketiga, Howard menunjukkan bahwa kebijakannya terkait imigran ilegal dapat memengaruhi nuansa perpolitikan di Australia khususnya pada pemilihan umum federal. Keempat, Howard menunjukkan kemampuannya dalam konteks pengelolaan kelembagaan dengan mengeluarkan Undang-Undang baru hasil amandemen untuk memperkuat kebijakan luar negerinya.
Kata kunci: Australia, John Howard, Imigran Ilegal, Kebijakan
PROSES SEKURITISASI PANDEMI SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) DI INDONESIA SERTA IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP HUBUNGAN LUAR NEGERI INDONESIA
Authors: Arifin Rasyid 
Published: December 2021

The SARS-CoV-2 or Covid-19 virus pandemic in Indonesia underwent a process of securitization in an effort to eliminate the threat. Securitization is the solution faced by Indonesia Covid-19. This study describes the Covid-19 securitization process in Indonesia. The question of this research is how is the Covid-19 securitization process in Indonesia? The variables used in this study are securitization actors, speech acts, existential threats, object referent, and extraordinary actions to explain the Covid-19 securitization process in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method.
Keywords: Securitization, Covid-19, Indonesia, International Relation
Abstrak
Pandemi virus SARS-CoV-2 atau Covid-19 di Indonesia mengalami proses sekuritisasi dalam upaya untuk mengeliminasi ancaman. Sekuritisasi menjadi solusi yang dilakukan indonesia menghadapi Covid-19. Kajian ini menggambarkan proses sekuritisasi Covid-19 di Indonesia. Pertanyaan kajian ini bagaimana proses sekuritisasi Covid-19 di Indonesia? Variabel-variabel yang dipakai pada kajian ini aktor sekuritisasi, Speech Act, existential threat, refrent object, dan extraordinary measure dapat menjelaskan proses sekuritisasi Covid-19 di Indonesia. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif.
Kata Kunci: Sekuritisasi, Covid-19, Indonesia, Hubungan Internasional
A Meta-Analysis Evaluating the Colchicine Therapy in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Grajek Stefan , Michalak Michał , Urbanowicz Tomasz , Olasińska-Wiśniewska Anna 
Published: December 2021

Background: Evidence from recent studies has shown the benefits of colchicine for patients with coronary artery disease. The aim was to assess the effect of colchicine treatment on cardiovascular events, with an estimation of the risk of discontinuation and net clinical benefit.Methods and Results: Fourteen trials with a total of 13,186 patients were selected through a systematic search. Colchicine therapy significantly reduced the relative risk of primary endpoint by about 30% [RR 0.70 (95%CI:0.56–0.88)]. Compared with placebo, colchicine significantly reduced the risk of ischemia-driven revascularization [RR 0.57 (95%CI 0.41–0.80)], ischemia-driven revascularization and resuscitation [RR 0.50 (95%CI 0.34–0.73)], myocardial infarction [RR 0.73 (95%CI 0.57–0.95)], and stroke [RR 0.49 (95%CI 0.30–0.7)]. Patients treated with colchicine in comparison with placebo have a significant increase in the risk of treatment cessation (RR 1.60 95%CI 1.06–2.42). However, in the analysis which excluded studies without placebo, the relative risk of discontinuation was smaller (RR 1.34 95%CI 0.97–1.84) and in the three largest studies, the risk of discontinuation was lower and insignificant [RR 1.26 (95%CI 0.87–1.83)]. The net clinical benefit was 17.8/1,000 patients (p &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: In coronary artery disease, low-dose colchicine significantly reduces the risk of the primary composite endpoint by about 30%. The drug should be considered as part of the preventive treatment in patients with good tolerance.
Drainage Development in the Dunhuang Basin, NE Tibet, Controlled by Multi-Segment Fault Growth
Authors: Chen Gan , Zheng Wenjun , Yang Jingjun , Duan Lei , Liang Shumin , Li Zhigang , Zhang Dongli , Xiong Jianguo 
Published: December 2021

The Dongbatu Shan (DBTS, also known as the Nanjie Shan), which interrupts the northern Tibetan foreland in the Dunhuang basin, is an active anticline. It has accommodated the northwestern growth of the eastern Altyn Tagh fault system (ATF). Although several thrust faults have been identified around the DBTS, their evolution history and influence on regional landscape have received little attention during the late-Quaternary. In this study, several geomorphic methods are used to investigate the interaction between drainage development and tectonic movement around DBTS. Based on high-resolution satellite images, field investigation, and cosmogenic nuclide 10Be dating method, the fluvial landform sequences around DBTS were constructed. Using quantitative geomorphology methods including landscape relief profile, asymmetry factor (AF), and transverse topographic symmetry factor (T), we hypothesize that drainage deflection is controlled by multi-segment fault growth. Combining the results of the above-mentioned methods, we propose that Yulin He, flowing across the DBTS, had gone through several abandonments since the late mid-Pleistocene due to the lateral propagation of DBTS. Affected by the discharge of channel and multi-segment fault growth, our research confirms that the direction of river abandonment may have decoupled with the mountain range propagation trend. Based on the chronology dating, the DBTS has gone through two severe uplifts since ∼208 ka and the shortening rate across the central DBTS is constrained to be ∼1.47 mm/yr since ∼83 ka. Given the fact that thrust faults are widely developed around DBTS, we propose that the flower-like structure formed by the northward growth of the eastern ATF could better explain the development of the secondary subparallel faults.
Remotely Monitored Home-Based Neuromodulation With Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) for Mal de Débarquement Syndrome
Authors: Cha Yoon-Hee , Riley Jeff , Gleghorn Diamond , Doudican Benjamin 
Published: December 2021

Objective: To determine whether remotely-monitored transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) may be a viable and safe treatment option for Mal de Débarquement Syndrome (MdDS).Background: Mal de Débarquement Syndrome is a neurotological disorder characterized by persistent oscillating vertigo that is triggered by entrainment to passive oscillatory motion such as occurs during water-based travel. Treatment options for MdDS are limited, variably effective, and can be undone by further travel.Design and Methods: This was a remotely-monitored open-label optional extension phase of a double-blind randomized onsite study of tACS for medically refractory MdDS. The primary goal was to determine safety, feasibility, and blinded participant feedback. The secondary goal was to determine efficacy. Thirteen participants (all women), aged 22–67 years, experiencing a duration of illness of 11–72 months, were a subset of 24 individuals who participated in an on-site study of tACS. They had either not responded to the on-site protocol or had relapsed after travel home. Treatment accessories and a tablet controlled tACS stimulator (Pulvinar XCSITE-100) were mailed to participants. Three teaching sessions were performed via webcam followed by on-going remote monitoring of treatment logs and participants' reports through a daily on-line diary and weekly questionnaires. Treatment continued until an effective protocol was administered for 4 weeks and then tapered over 4 weeks. Participants completed a blinded feedback survey and a debriefing interview at the completion of the entire study.Results: Treatment duration ranged from 4 to 31 weeks followed by a 4-week taper accounting for 578 verified sessions. Of the 13 total participants, seven agreed or agreed strongly in the blinded survey that tACS treatment was beneficial; 2) Twelve were comfortable utilizing tACS on their own; 3) Eleven preferred stimulation above their individual alpha frequency; 4) Side effects were generally mild and typical of tACS. In the debriefing interview completed 2–9 months after the last stimulation, five participants reported doing “great,” with no to minimal symptoms, four reported doing “good,” with moderate symptoms, and four reported no change compared to pre-study baseline.Conclusion: Remotely-monitored tACS may be a safe treatment option for MdDS with the potential for lasting outcomes, increased accessibility, and reduction in travel-related treatment reversal.
Association Between Z Drugs Use and Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged and Older Patients With Chronic Insomnia
Authors: Guo Fang , Yi Li , Zhang Wei , Bian Zhi-Jie , Zhang Yong-Bo 
Published: December 2021

Background: Benzodiazepines (BZDs) and Non-BZDs (NBZDs) have been widely used for patients with chronic insomnia. Long-term uses of BZDs may cause cognitive impairment and increase the risk for dementia in older patients. NBZD as an agonist of the GABAA receptor complex includes eszopiclone, zopiclone, zolpidem, and zaleplon, also collectively known as Z drugs. However, evaluations for an association between cognitive impairment and Z drug use have been limitedly performed. This study aimed to investigate the association between the risk of cognitive decline and exposure to Z drugs in middle-aged and older patients with chronic insomnia.Methods: Investigations were performed on patients with chronic insomnia who visited the outpatient Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, and were assessed for the global cognitive function (MoCA) and memory (AVLT), executive function (TMT-B), visuospatial ability (CDT), verbal function (BNT-30), and attention (DST). Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent factors of cognition and evaluated the effect of Z drug use (zolpidem and zopiclone) on cognition.Results: A total of 120 subjects were identified. In our analysis, BZD exposure density (P = 0.025, OR = 1.43, 95% CI, 1.25–1.86) was an independent risk factor of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older patients with chronic insomnia. Neither Z drug use (P = 0.103) nor Z drug exposure density (P = 0.765) correlated with global cognitive function. Moreover, there was a positive association between Z drug use and attention [(P = 0.002, OR = 0.42, 95% CI, 0.24–0.73)]. Additionally, income level (P = 0.001, OR = 0.23, 95% CI, 0.10–0.53), severity of insomnia (P = 0.019, OR = 1.20, 95% CI, 1.03–1.40) and age (P = 0.044, OR = 1.07, 95% CI, 1.00–1.14) were also independent factors of global cognitive function.Conclusion: BZD exposure density was an independent risk factor of cognitive impairment in middle-aged and older patients with chronic insomnia, but no correlation was found between Z drug use and cognitive impairment. Moreover, the use of Z drugs seemed to be associated with protection for attention. The use for prescription of BZDs, in this case, should be avoided or limited to low doses. Due to the addiction and tolerance, Z drugs should also be prescribed with great caution in middle-aged and elderly patients.
Risk Factor for Retreatment Episode on Admission Among TB Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Wang Hai-Rong , Han Chao , Wang Jun-Li , Zhang Yan-An , Wang Mao-Shui 
Published: December 2021

Background: The clinical characteristics of patients with tuberculosis (TB) and schizophrenia remain largely unknown. Furthermore, TB retreatment is associated with a poor outcome. Hence, we aimed to address the risk factors of TB retreatment in schizophrenia patients in this retrospective cohort.Methods: Between March 2005 and August 2020, patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and TB were included in the study. Patient characteristics, such as demographics, medical history, underlying diseases, symptoms, outcome, and lab examinations, were collected from medical records using a structured questionnaire. TB retreatment was defined as treatment failures and relapses. Subsequently, multivariate logistic regression was performed using variables selected based on prior findings as well as factors found to be associated with a retreatment episode in univariate analyses (p &lt; 0.1).Results: A total of 113 TB patients with schizophrenia were included. Of them, 94 (83.2%) patients were classified as initial treatment group, and 19 (16.8%) were classified as retreatment group. The mean age was 53.0 ± 23.2 years, and males accounted for 61.9% of all cases. Multivariate analysis revealed that continuous antipsychotics treatment (OR = 0.226, 95% CI: 0.074, 0.693; p = 0.009) and extra-pulmonary TB (OR = 0.249, 95% CI: 0.080, 0.783; p = 0.017) were associated with the retreatment in TB patients with schizophrenia.Conclusion: Retreatment is a significant concern for TB patients with schizophrenia. To improve the current dilemma, continuous antipsychotics treatment is required, and increasing awareness of schizophrenia would reduce the disease burden.
Influence of Biopsy Gleason Score on the Risk of Lymph Node Invasion in Patients With Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy
Authors: Wenzel Mike , Preisser Felix , Hoeh Benedikt , Welte Maria N. , Humke Clara , Wittler Clarissa , Würnschimmel Christoph , Becker Andreas , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Chun Felix K. H. , Mandel Philipp , Kluth Luis A. 
Published: December 2021

Objective: To analyze the influence of biopsy Gleason score on the risk for lymph node invasion (LNI) during pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) for intermediate-risk prostate cancer (PCa).Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 684 patients, who underwent RP between 2014 and June 2020 due to PCa. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression, as well as binary regression tree models were used to assess the risk of positive LNI and evaluate the need of PLND in men with intermediate-risk PCa.Results: Of the 672 eligible patients with RP, 80 (11.9%) men harbored low-risk, 32 (4.8%) intermediate-risk with international society of urologic pathologists grade (ISUP) 1 (IR-ISUP1), 215 (32.0%) intermediate-risk with ISUP 2 (IR-ISUP2), 99 (14.7%) intermediate-risk with ISUP 3 (IR-ISUP3), and 246 (36.6%) high-risk PCa. Proportions of LNI were 0, 3.1, 3.7, 5.1, and 24.0% for low-risk, IR-ISUP1, IR-ISUP 2, IR-ISUP-3, and high-risk PCa, respectively (p &lt; 0.001). In multivariable analyses, after adjustment for patient and surgical characteristics, IR-ISUP1 [hazard ratio (HR) 0.10, p = 0.03], IR-ISUP2 (HR 0.09, p &lt; 0.001), and IR-ISUP3 (HR 0.18, p &lt; 0.001) were independent predictors for lower risk of LNI, compared with men with high-risk PCa disease.Conclusions: The international society of urologic pathologists grade significantly influence the risk of LNI in patients with intermediate- risk PCa. The risk of LNI only exceeds 5% in men with IR-ISUP3 PCa. In consequence, the need for PLND in selected patients with IR-ISUP 1 or IR-ISUP2 PCa should be critically discussed.
Comportamiento del saltahojas del frijol (Empoasca kraemeri) en el municipio Manatí, Las Tunas, Cuba
Authors: Pupo Feria Carlos , González Ramírez Gladia , Carmenate Figueredo Oscar , Toranzo Benavides Alfredo 
Published: December 2021

Beetle leafhopper behavior (Empoasca kraemeri) in Manatí municipality, Las Tunas, Cuba
Resumen
La investigación se desarrolló en áreas de la cooperativa “Valle de Dumañuecos”, en el municipio de Manatí, provincia de Las Tunas, entre los meses de octubre de 2015 y enero de 2016 con el objetivo de evaluar la dinámica poblacional y los daños del saltahojas (Empoasca kraemeri) en cinco cultivares de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.). La presencia de E. kraemeri fue mayor cuando las plantas estaban entre el llenado de las vainas y la total maduración. Los mayores niveles poblacionales de ninfas de E. kraemeri se encontraron en los muestreos realizados entre los 42 y los 49 días después de la germinación. Todos los cultivares utilizados presentaron daños por la incidencia de E. kraemeri. La línea # 38 fue la que presentó porcentajes superiores por lo que demostró ser la de mayor preferencia por parte de la plaga.
Palabras clave: frijol común, daños, Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Abstract
The investigation was carried out in areas of the "Valle de Dumañuecos" cooperative, in the municipality of Manatí, province of Las Tunas, between October 2015 and January 2016, with the objective of evaluating the population dynamics and damages of the saltahojas (Empoasca kraemeri) in five bean cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris, L.). The presence of E. kraemeri was greater when the plants were between pod filling and full ripening. The highest population levels of E. kraemeri nymphs were found in the samplings between 42 and 49 days after germination. All the cultivars used were damaged by the incidence of E. kraemeri. Line # 38 was the one that presented higher percentages for what it proved to be the one of greater preference on the part of the pest.
Keywords: common bean, damages, Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Contribución del Centro Universitario Municipal Jesús Menéndez al fortalecimiento del enfoque de cadenas en la producción agropecuaria
Authors: Rivas Diéguez Aramís , Méndez Bordón Aliek , Hernández Labrada Lorenza De las Mercedes 
Published: December 2021

Contribution of Jesús Menéndez Municipal University Center to the strengthening of the chain approach in agricultural production
Resumen
El análisis y el desarrollo de cadenas de valor (CdV) pueden aportar mejoras en las condiciones de vida de la población rural y contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria de una región. En tal sentido elementos claves para ello son: el conocimiento de un subsector que emerge con potencialidad, la mayor entre algunos actores y la dinámica que se deriva de ello. El empleo de métodos científicos tales como: análisis de documentos, análisis-síntesis inducción–deducción e histórico–lógico, permitieron documentar el papel que ha desempeñado el Centro Universitario Municipal (CUM) Jesús Menéndez en el fortalecimiento del enfoque de CdV en la producción agropecuaria del territorio. Ello permitió identificar al menos cinco procesos agro-productivos a escala municipal que han sido beneficiados con este acompañamiento lográndose sistematizar además varios beneficios en lo económico, productivo, ambiental y social que se deriva de ello a escala local.
Palabras clave: enfoque de cadena de valor; producción agropecuaria; Centro Universitario Municipal.
Abstract
The analysis and development of value chains (CdV) can provide improvements in the living conditions of the rural population and contribute to the food security of a region. In this sense key elements for this are: the knowledge of a subsector that emerges with potentiality, the greater among some actors and the dynamics that’s results from it. The use of scientific methods such as: document analysis, induction-deduction and historical-logical analysis-synthesis, allowed to document the role played by the Municipal University Center (MUC) Jesús Menéndez in the strengthening of the CV approach in agricultural production of the territory. This allowed the identification of at least five agro-productive processes at the municipal level that have benefited from this accompaniment, and it has been possible to systematize several economic, productive, environmental and social benefits derived from this at the local level.
Keywords: value chain approach; agricultural production; Municipal University Center.
Efectos de la ganadería sobre algunos componentes del agroecosistema en la granja Maniabo
Authors: Chávez Suárez Abel 
Published: December 2021

Effects of livestock production on some components of the agro-ecosystem in the Maniabo far
Resumen
Para la granja estudiada se obtuvo la información del quinquenio 2011 al 2015, aplicando métodos empíricos, histórico lógicos, heurísticos, entrevistas y encuestas, se evaluaron algunos componentes del agro ecosistema como la diversidad de los cultivos de interés para la alimentación animal y los cultivos forestales, se obtuvo el balance de los resultados para la producción de leche, se calculó el efecto que la producción ganadera en la emisión de los principales gases con efecto invernadero que genera la ganadería, para lo cual se aplicó la herramienta GLEAM (Modelo de Evaluación ambiental para la ganadería mundial) propuesta por la FAO (Febrero, 2016) Los resultados demuestran que la actividad ganadera representan un costo elevado para la sostenibilidad del agro-ecosistema, ya que las actividades desarrolladas para garantizar la producción afectan la biodiversidad de los cultivos, ejerce influencia negativa sobre los suelos y definitivamente afecta de manera importante el agro-ecosistema.
Palabras clave: biodiversidad; dióxido de carbono; efecto invernadero; estiércol; ganado vacuno; metabolism; pasto.
Abstract
For the farm studied the information from the five-year period 2011 to 2015 was obtained, applying empirical methods, historical logics, heuristics, interviews and surveys, evaluated some components of the agro ecosystem as the diversity of crops of interest for animal feed and forest crops , the balance of the results for the milk production was obtained, the effect that livestock production was calculated on the emission of the main greenhouse gases generated by livestock, for which the GLEAM (Environmental Assessment Model (February, 2016) The results show that livestock farming represents a high cost for the sustainability of the agro-ecosystem, since the activities developed to guarantee production affect the biodiversity of crops, exercise negative influence on soils and definitely affects so important the agro-ecosystem.
Keywords: biodiversity; carbon dioxide; greenhouse effect; manure; cattle; metabolism; grass.