bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triage practice in emergency departments in tertiary hospitals across China: A multicenter national descriptive survey
Authors: Peng Lingli , Luo Zhen , Wu Lixiang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTriage procedure remains at a developing stage in mainland China, and few studies have reported the current status. This study aimed to explore the triage practices presently implemented in emergency departments in mainland China. A descriptive online national survey was administered to nurses with experience in emergency department triage who worked in 64 hospitals in 2019. A total of 361 participants completed the survey. Only 210 nurses (58.2%) used triage systems. Approximately 5% of the participants reported that no nurse was allocated to triage during the evening and night shifts in their emergency departments. Most participants had fewer than 5 years of nursing experience (47%) and emergency nursing experience (58.2%) before fulfilling the triage role. This study shows the variability in triage guidelines as well as the inconsistency between different hospitals in nurses' entry qualifications to triage, in hospital workforce arrangements, and in triage training. These problems underscore the need to unify triage guidelines and to establish reasonable entry qualifications and appropriate workforce arrangements for triage nurses that ensure high triage quality and high levels of patient safety.
Medicago truncatula Yellow Stripe‐Like7 encodes a peptide transporter participating in symbiotic nitrogen fixation
Authors: Castro‐Rodríguez Rosario , Escudero Viviana , Reguera María , Gil‐Díez Patricia , Quintana Julia , Prieto Rosa Isabel , Kumar Rakesh K. , Brear Ella , Grillet Louis , Wen Jiangqi , Mysore Kirankumar S. , Walker Elsbeth L. , Smith Penelope M. C. , Imperial Juan , González‐Guerrero Manuel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractYellow Stripe‐Like (YSL) proteins are a family of plant transporters that are typically involved in transition metal homeostasis. Three of the four YSL clades (I, II and IV) transport metals complexed with the non‐proteinogenic amino acid nicotianamine or its derivatives. No such capability has been shown for any member of clade III, but the link between these YSLs and metal homeostasis could be masked by functional redundancy. We studied the role of the clade III YSL protein MtSYL7 in Medicago truncatula nodules. MtYSL7, which encodes a plasma membrane‐bound protein, is mainly expressed in the pericycle and cortex cells of the root nodules. Yeast complementation assays revealed that MtSYL7 can transport short peptides. M. truncatula transposon insertion mutants with decreased expression of MtYSL7 had lower nitrogen fixation rates and showed reduced plant growth whether grown in symbiosis with rhizobia or not. YSL7 mutants accumulated more copper and iron in the nodules, which is likely to result from the increased expression of iron uptake and delivery genes in roots. Taken together, these data suggest that MtYSL7 plays an important role in the transition metal homeostasis of nodules and symbiotic nitrogen fixation.
‘The Rose and Lily Queen’: Henrietta Maria’s fair face and the power of beauty at the Stuart court
Authors: Griffey Erin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe marriage of Henrietta Maria (1609–69) and Charles I (1600–49) was presented in literature and prints as the joining of the ‘lily’ (France, the queen) and the ‘rose’ (England, the king). Harnessing these floral analogies, this article examines how Henrietta Maria’s fair face was invested with social, political and medical import, and as such was widely cultivated and enhanced through physic, sartorial choices and painted representations. Her skin texture and colouring were considered a mirror of her dynastic pedigree, marital status and good health. The white and red palette of the lily and the rose were intrinsic to longstanding ideals of facial colouring, and to youthful bloom and fertility. This colouring was marshalled by painters such as Anthony van Dyck in her portraits, and strategically deployed through her clothing. Her physician, Theodore de Mayerne, also provided her with prescriptions to clean, smooth and restore her face. As such, the queen’s facial skin functioned as a mirror of her quality, a paradigm of health and a canvas for artists, wardrobe specialists and physicians to cultivate and highlight her natural beauty. The analysis is built on a range of primary sources including treatises, wardrobe accounts, herbals and cosmetic recipes.
Signature of modern glacial lake outburst floods in fjord sediments (Baker River, southern Chile)
Authors: Vandekerkhove Elke , Bertrand Sebastien , Torrejón Fernando , Kylander Malin E. , Reid Brian , Saunders Krystyna M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) constitute a major hazard in glacierized regions. They are particularly pronounced in the Baker River watershed (Chilean Patagonia, 48°S), where 23 events occurred between 2008 and 2020. Although GLOF deposits have previously been studied in lake settings, how modern GLOFs are recorded in fjord sediments remains mostly unknown. To address this issue, ten sediment cores collected in the fjord immediately downstream of the Baker River (Martínez Channel) were investigated and compared to the recent GLOF history of the river. Results show that sediments accumulate at 2.0 to 3.4 cm year−1 and that GLOF deposits can be distinguished from background sediments by their finer grain size (5.98 ± 0.82 μm) and lower organic carbon content (0.31 ± 0.06%), reflecting the release and transport in suspension of high amounts of glacial rock flour during GLOFs. Although 21 GLOFs from Cachet 2 Lake occurred between 2008 and 2017, the first events left a stronger imprint in the sediment, suggesting that more sediment of glacial origin was released during those initial events, possibly due to lake‐bed erosion. An older GLOF deposit was tentatively linked to the outburst of Las Lengas Lake in 1988. The sediment cores also contain fine‐grained turbidites, especially in the prodelta area. These turbidites confirm recent channel activity, but most of them seem to have been triggered by processes other than GLOFs. Overall, the results of this study suggest that GLOF deposits are distinct from typical flood turbidites. They are best identified by their low grain size and total organic carbon content, and best archived on the delta slope, away from any submarine channel influence. Finally, these results highlight the potential of fjord sediment archives to establish pre‐historical GLOF records and ultimately improve GLOF hazard assessments.
Facies characteristics and stratigraphy of an Upper Cretaceous mud‐dominated subaqueous delta: Medicine Hat Member (Niobrara Formation), Alberta, Canada
Authors: La Croix Andrew D. , Gingras Murray K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Medicine Hat Member in Alberta, Canada, is a muddy interval with thin sandstones. However, the sedimentology and stratigraphy are poorly understood – a reflection of the limited knowledge of mud‐dominated successions. Here facies analysis and stratigraphy from core and wireline logs were used to construct a depositional framework for the interval in a stratigraphical context. Sedimentological and ichnological results show that the Medicine Hat Member was deposited in shallow water within a mud‐dominated subaqueous delta system under the combined influence of river flow, waves, storms and longshore currents. Four facies are recognized, which are interpreted as distal delta front, proximal prodelta, distal prodelta and interdistributary bay deposits. The distal delta front is dominated by sandy storm deposits and thin storm‐flood hyperpycnites. The prodelta, on the other hand, is characterized by muddy storm deposits and wave‐enhanced sediment gravity flow deposits, with only subordinate hyperpycnites. Ichnological assemblages in both the delta front and prodelta are impoverished, indicating persistent physico‐chemical environmental stresses. Interdistributary bay deposits are uncommon and are differentiated based on more robust ichnological assemblages and higher bioturbation intensities. Subsurface correlations reveal shallowing‐upward parasequences that have aggradational and progradational stacking patterns and a very low depositional gradient (ca 0.03° to 0.1°). The stratigraphy reflects rapid progradation with fixed accommodation in a low‐gradient setting; coeval flexural subsidence in the foredeep was dampened by underlying basement structures. Furthermore, previous suggestions that the Bow Island Arch impacted sediment distributions are not substantiated by the low angle geometry of clinoforms. Data from this study supports the interpretation that Medicine Hat deltas were fed by rivers flowing north through Montana because parasequences are sandier towards the south. This study fills a crucial gap in the literature by providing a rock record example of a mud‐dominated subaqueous delta system and serves as a basis for comparison in core studies of similar units globally.
Toward a political sociology of privatized punishment: Contestation, state structures, and stratification
Authors: Burkhardt Brett C. , Connor Brian T. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrivatized punishment—in which nonstate actors carry out state‐mandated criminal punishments—has developed into a common practice since its rise in the 1980s. Many disciplines, including criminology, political science, public administration, and economics, have examined its use over the past four decades. However, privatized punishment has not garnered much attention in sociology. This is surprising, as privatized punishment touches on the key themes in sociology, and in the political sociology in particular. In this paper, we attempt to insert privatized punishment into classic and contemporary discussions in political sociology. Below, we offer an overview of privatized punishment and provide a high‐level review of how other social scientific disciplines have studied the phenomenon. Then we argue that political sociology provides a useful, if underutilized, lens for studying privatized punishment. In particular, we highlight three political sociological themes—contestation,state structures, andstratification—that can be fruitfully applied to the study of privatized punishment, and we sketch multiple lines of future research informed by these themes.
Examining knowledge translation in blood donor research: A review of vasovagal reaction literature
Authors: Thijsen Amanda , Masser Barbara , Davison Tanya E. , Kruse Sarah P. , Williamson Anna 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge translation focuses on the transfer of research findings into policy and practice. To provide insight into the state of knowledge translation in blood donor research, we undertook a rapid review of a key research area in the field with high potential for translation, vasovagal reactions (VVRs). We examined the number and nature of VVR‐related studies to determine the availability of research evidence, and mapped the included articles along the research‐to‐practice trajectory using the Knowledge to Action framework.Study Design and MethodsPubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE were searched for peer‐reviewed journal articles from inception to October 2019 using the terms blood don* AND vasovagal OR faint* OR syncope.ResultsA total of 176 articles met our inclusion criteria. Studies relating to VVRs increased substantially from 1942 to 2019, with 84% published in the last 20 years. Articles were predominately observation (non‐intervention) studies (117; 66%), followed by intervention (knowledge inquiry) studies (31; 18%) and review (knowledge synthesis) studies (20; 11%). The evidence from intervention research was limited, with 14 strategies tested in 31 studies and often by the same research groups. Only 5 (3%) implementation and evaluation studies were found; all focused on evaluating the effects of a newly introduced intervention on VVR rates through uncontrolled or cross‐sectional study designs.DiscussionVVR research is in the early stages of knowledge translation. More intervention research is needed to provide a robust evidence base as well as more published implementation research to share knowledge of translating research into policy and practice.
The impact of a surgical checklist on surgical outcomes in an academic institution
Authors: Thieman Mankin Kelley M. , Jeffery Nicholas D. , Kerwin Sharon C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of a surgical checklist (SC) on morbidities and compliance with safety measures.Study DesignBefore‐and‐after‐intervention study.Sample PopulationThree thousand two hundred eighty‐six dogs: 1375 dogs pre‐SC and 1911 post‐SC.MethodsCompletion of safety measures and occurrence of morbidity and/or mortality during hospitalization and up to death or 30‐days postoperatively were recorded.ResultsSafety measures were more frequently completed post‐SC, including oral confirmation of patient identity (467/1177 [40%] vs. 1911/1911 [100%]) and oral confirmation of surgical site (568/1175 [48%] vs. 1911/1911 [100%]). In addition, duration of anesthesia decreased from 241 to 232 min (t= 2.824;p= .005); a greater proportion of animals that were intended to receive antibiotics did so prior to incision (1142/1316 [86.8%] vs. 1656/1845 [89.8%] [χ2= 6.70,p= .01]); and fewer dogs had unplanned return to the OR (32/1065 [3.0%], vs. 21/1472 [1.4%]) (χ2= 7.52,p= .006). No difference in surgical site infection (adjusted odds ratio 1.02 [95%CI: 0.63–1.66]); morbidity, (adjusted odds ratio 1.00 [95%CI: 0.77–1.29]); or death within 30 days (adjusted odds ratio 1.15 [95%CI: 0.72–1.83]) was detected on multivariable logistic regression analysis. The checklist prevented one wrong‐site surgery.ConclusionImplementation of the checklist at our institution led to a decrease in anesthesia duration, increased administration of planned perioperative antibiotics before incision, increased completion of safety measures, and decreased unexpected return to the OR.ImpactDespite the lack of effect on morbidities, the use of SC is recommended to improve compliance with safety measures and potentially prevent rare catastrophic events.
Treatment of a mining water effluent for the sorption of heavy metal ions using polymer composite beads in a continuous column
Authors: Arenas‐Flores Edgar R. , Almeida‐Escalante Omayra , Conejo‐Flores Ricardo , García‐González Juan M. , Rojas‐Amaro Antonio , Terres‐Rojas Eduardo , Guzmán‐Pantoja Javier 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe performance of novel chitosan‐poly(vinyl alcohol) gel beads was evaluated removing lead, cadmium and chromium from mining‐influenced groundwater (MIGW) under hydrodynamic conditions employing column sorption experiments. To elicit the efficiency of the synthesized materials, the sorbent bed height within the packed column and volumetric flow were varied; the column configuration was changed using packed and fluidized arrangements. The fluidized bed configuration presented higher sorption efficiency for Pb, Cd and Cr ions than the fixed bed configuration: 78%, 52% and 62% against 60%, 35% and 37%. The packed bed data were processed using the Clark, Dose–Response, Yoon‐Nelson and Woldborska models. The best fitting was obtained with the Dose–Response model. The experimental output confirmed the effective reduction of the harmful metals in MIGW at a very short breakthrough time from 3 to 15 min, which is strategic due to the global effects on both human health and environment.
Numerical Investigation on Bubble Growth and Merger in Microchannel Flow Boiling With Self-Rewetting Fluid
Authors: Li Wei , Lin Yuhao , Luo Yang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
There exist some problems such as flow instability and critical heat flux (CHF) caused by the local dryout phenomenon, which is an obstacle to the application of microchannel flow boiling heat sink. Utilizing self-rewetting fluid is one of the promising ways to minimize the dryout area, thus increasing the heat transfer coefficient and CHF. To investigate the heat transfer performance of self-rewetting fluid in microchannel flow boiling, a numerical investigation is carried out in this study using the volume of fluid (VOF) method, phase-change model, and continuum surface force model with surface tension versus temperature. A three-dimensional numerical investigation of bubble growth and merger is carried out with water and 0.2 wt % heptanol solution. The single bubble growing cases, two x-direction/y-direction bubbles' merging cases, and three bubbles' merging cases are conducted. Since the bubbles never detach the heated walls, the dryout area and regions nearby the contact line with thin liquid film dominated the heat transfer process during the bubbles' growth and merger. The self-rewetting fluid can minimize the local dryout area and achieve larger thin liquid film area around the contact line due to the Marangoni effect and thermocapillary force, thus resulting in higher wall heat flux. The two x-direction bubbles' merging case performed best for heat transfer in the microchannel, in which self-rewetting fluid achieves heat transfer enhancement for over 50%.
Water Hammer Simulation in a Steel Pipeline System With a Sudden Cross Section Change
Authors: Malesińska A. , Kubrak M. , Rogulski M. , Puntorieri P. , Fiamma V. , Barbaro G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Contractions and expansions are common features in various types of pipeline systems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of a sudden cross section change on transient pressure waves. The paper presents laboratory data and numerical calculations of pressure oscillations during the valve-induced water hammer in serially connected steel pipes. Five different variants of experiments were conducted which included recording pressure changes at the downstream end of the pipeline system. The more sections with different diameters there are connected in series, the more complex the transient wave recorded is. Laboratory data indicate a significant influence of individual pipeline sections on the final course of pressure oscillations. Transient equations were solved using the explicit MacCormack scheme. In order to numerically simulate water hammers in pipe series, the improved junction boundary condition was established. It involves assigning two sets of values, which describe flow parameters, to the connection node thus causing it to act as two separate nodes. The numerical model was calibrated with the unsteady friction factor. The derivation of equations that take into account a sudden change in diameter in the connected pipes allowed the reproduction of the wave nature of the water hammer phenomenon, results were satisfactory as compared to experimental data. The numerical model correctly reproduced pressure wave interactions and pressure amplitudes.
Direct Position Analysis of a Particular Translational 3-URU Manipulator
Authors: Di Gregorio Raffaele 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Direct position analysis (DPA) of parallel manipulators (PMs) is in general difficult to solve. Over on PMs’ topology, DPA complexity depends on the choice of the actuated joints. From an analytic point of view, the system of algebraic equations that one must solve to implement PMs’ DPA is usually expressible in an apparently simple form, but such a form does not allow an analytic solution and even the problem formalization is relevant in PMs’ DPAs. The ample literature on the DPA of Stewart platforms well documents this point. This paper addresses the DPA of a particular translational PM of 3-URU type, which has the actuators on the frame while the actuated joints are not adjacent to the frame. The problem formulation brings to a closure-equation system consisting of three irrational equations in three unknowns. Such a system is transformed into an algebraic system of four quadratic equations in four unknowns that yields a univariate irrational equation in one of the four unknowns and three explicit expressions of the remaining three unknowns. Then, an algorithm is proposed which is able to find only the real solutions of the DPA. The proposed solution technique can be applied to other DPAs reducible to a similar system of irrational equations and, as far as this author is aware, is novel.
A Comparative Numerical Study of the Combustion Performance of the Syngas-Fueled HCCI Engine Using a Toroidal Piston, Square Bowl Piston, and Flat Piston Shape at Different Loads
Authors: Ali Kabbir , Kim Changup , Lee Yonggyu , Oh Seungmook , Kim Kiseong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study analyzes the combustion performance of a syngas-fueled homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine using a toroidal piston (baseline piston), square bowl, and flat piston shape, at low, medium, and high loads, with a constant compression ratio of 17.1. In this study, the square bowl shape is optimized by reducing the piston bowl depth and squish area ratio (squish area/cylinder cross-sectional area) from 34 to 20, 10, and 2.5% and compared with the flat piston shape and toroidal piston shape. This HCCI engine operates under an overly lean air–fuel mixture condition for power plant usage. ansys forte cfd package with GRI Mech3.0 chemical kinetics is used for combustion analysis, and the calculated results are validated by the experimental results. All simulations are accomplished at maximum brake torque (MBT) by altering the air–fuel mixture temperature at intake valve closing (IVC) (TIVC) with a constant equivalence ratio of 0.27. This study reveals that the main factors that affect the start of combustion (SOC), maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR), combustion efficiency, and thermal efficiency by changing the piston shape are the squish flow and reverse squish flow effects. Therefore, the square bowl piston D is the optimized piston shape that offers low MPRR and high combustion performance for the syngas-fueled HCCI engine, due to the weak squish flow and low heat loss rate through the combustion chamber wall, respectively, when compared with the other piston shapes of square bowl piston A, B, and C, flat piston, and toroidal (baseline) piston shape.
COVID-19 and the Global Shift Progress to Clean Energy
Authors: Hoang Anh Tuan , Nguyen Xuan Phuong , Le Anh Tuan , Huynh Thanh Tung , Pham Van Viet 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has presented us with an unprecedented global emergency that severely threatens the lives of millions of people around the world. In response to this existential crisis, state governments have taken drastic containment measures to limit the spread of the coronavirus. The consequential lockdowns have disrupted production and economic activity and had profound impacts on major industries. The heightened financial risk has significantly slowed down new investments while stoking fears of a looming economic recession. Indeed, the pandemic-induced strong reduction in global demand has resulted in sharp falls in energy prices leading to a temporary market distortion that may impede progress in the deployment of new renewable energy projects. Besides, some countries could be at risk of falling short of their 2020 national binding targets given the lack of effective policies required to facilitate new renewable energy investments. Considering the present impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global energy market, there are opportunities to highlight the important role of renewables while making the case for clean energy investments, especially in the electricity sector. This review aims to provide important insights by analyzing the significant impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global energy market. On the other hand, sustainable energy strategies are also discussed in detail. Finally, lessons learned amidst the costly battle against this invisible enemy could help policymakers and government leaders in identifying the appropriate renewable energy paths for their countries in a post-pandemic future.