bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of incretin-based drugs and risk of cholangiocarcinoma: Scandinavian cohort study
Authors: Ueda Peter , Wintzell Viktor , Melbye Mads , Eliasson Björn , Svensson Ann-Marie , Franzén Stefan , Gudbjörnsdottir Soffia , Hveem Kristian , Jonasson Christian , Svanström Henrik , Pasternak Björn 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Concerns have been raised regarding a potential association of use of the incretin-based drugs dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-receptor agonists with risk of cholangiocarcinoma. We examined this association in nationwide data from three countries.

Methods
We used data from nationwide registers in Sweden, Denmark and Norway, 2007–2018, to conduct two cohort studies, one for DPP4 inhibitors and one for GLP-1-receptor agonists, to investigate the risk of incident cholangiocarcinoma compared with an active-comparator drug class (sulfonylureas). The cohorts included patients initiating treatment episodes with DPP4 inhibitors vs sulfonylureas, and GLP-1-receptor agonists vs sulfonylureas. We used Cox regression models, adjusted for potential confounders, to estimate hazard ratios from day 366 after treatment initiation to account for cancer latency.

Results
The main analyses of DPP4 inhibitors included 1,414,144 person-years of follow-up from 222,577 patients receiving DPP4 inhibitors (median [IQR] follow-up time, 4.5 [2.6–7.0] years) and 123,908 patients receiving sulfonylureas (median [IQR] follow-up time, 5.1 [2.9–7.8] years) during which 350 cholangiocarcinoma events occurred. Use of DPP4 inhibitors, compared with sulfonylureas, was not associated with a statistically significant increase in risk of cholangiocarcinoma (incidence rate 26 vs 23 per 100,000 person-years; adjusted HR, 1.15 [95% CI 0.90, 1.46]; absolute rate difference 3 [95% CI -3, 10] events per 100,000 person-years). The main analyses of GLP-1-receptor agonists included 1,036,587 person-years of follow-up from 96,813 patients receiving GLP-1-receptor agonists (median [IQR] follow-up time, 4.4 [2.4–6.9] years) and 142,578 patients receiving sulfonylureas (median [IQR] follow-up time, 5.5 [3.2–8.1] years) during which 249 cholangiocarcinoma events occurred. Use of GLP-1-receptor agonists was not associated with a statistically significant increase in risk of cholangiocarcinoma (incidence rate 26 vs 23 per 100,000 person-years; adjusted HR, 1.25 [95% CI 0.89, 1.76]; absolute rate difference 3 [95% CI -5, 13] events per 100,000 patient-years).

Conclusions/interpretation
In this analysis using nationwide data from three countries, use of DPP4 inhibitors and GLP-1-receptor agonists, compared with sulfonylureas, was not associated with a significantly increased risk of cholangiocarcinoma.

Graphical abstract
Good mid- to long-term results of the cemented oxford phase 3 unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in a non-designer centre
Authors: Moore D. M. , Sheridan G. A. , Welch-Phillips A. , O’Byrne J. M. , Kenny P. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) provides patients with an alternative treatment to TKA in isolated medial compartment osteoarthritis providing better functional outcomes and faster recovery in the short term. Our aim was to quantify revision rates, predictors of revision, mortality rate and functionality of the Oxford Phase 3 UKA in a non-designer institution.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of prospectively collected regional registry data. All Oxford Phase 3 UKAs performed for medial tibio-femoral osteoarthritis of the knee joint were included from a single academic institution between the period of January 1st 2006 and December 30th 2009. Kaplan-Meier survivorship curves adjusting for loss to follow-up and deceased patients were generated. Primary outcome variables included all-cause and aseptic revision. Secondary outcome variables included functional outcome scores. Patients were reviewed at 6 months, 2 years, 5 years, 10 years and 15 years.

Results
A total of 64 cemented Oxford phase 3 UKAs were performed between January 2006 and November 2009. Fifteen-year follow-up data were available for 51 patients, of these 12 required revision. Survival rates, adjusting for patients that were either lost to follow-up or deceased, were 87.5% at 5 years, 81.4% at 10 years and 76.4% at 15 years. The overall aseptic revision rate at the time of review was 18.75% (n = 12). The only significant predictor of postoperative WOMAC score at 15 years was the preoperative WOMAC score (p = 0.03).

Conclusion
The Oxford Phase 3 UKA for medial tibio-femoral arthritis has promising outcomes at 15-year follow-up with a survival rate of 76.4% in a non-designer centre.

Level of Evidence
III.
On the handling of German citizens who died abroad
Authors: Witte P. , Sperhake J.-P. , Püschel K. , Holz F. , Ondruschka B. , Schröder A. S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Decedents who are repatriated to Germany from abroad are not systematically registered nationwide. In Hamburg, in addition to an epidemic hygienic examination, registration and examination of the content of the documents accompanying the corpses of German citizens has been carried out since 2007. In this way, unclear and non-natural deaths in particular are to be followed up as necessary.

Material and methods
Protocols of external and internal autopsies of German nationals who died abroad and were repatriated to Hamburg via the port or airport between 2007 and 2018 were retrospectively evaluated with respect to numbers, completeness of the autopsy abroad and correctness of manner and cause of death.

Results
Between 2007 and 2018 a total of 703 corpses were repatriated via the port or airport of Hamburg and examined by the Port Medical Service for epidemic hygiene and for anything conspicuous in the documents accompanying the corpse. Of them, 307 corpses were examined at the Institute of Legal Medicine at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf. In total, 82.4% of the examined cases had an incorrect, unspecific or incomplete foreign death certificate. Of the deceased, 238 were subjected to a second external autopsy by a forensic pathologist and 69 deceased were autopsied again or for the first time in Hamburg. It was found that 84% of the autopsies performed abroad were not performed according to German and European standards. The most common discrepancy was incomplete preparation of the organs. In almost one quarter of the autopsies performed in Hamburg a different cause of death than abroad was determined at autopsy.

Conclusion
Since the quality of autopsies performed abroad sometimes does not meet the standards in Germany and Europe and many papers accompanying corpses are incomplete or incorrectly filled out, a systematic review procedure in the home country is recommended. Through the system established in Hamburg in 2007, at least a re-evaluation of the cases takes place.
The Multiple Paths to Multiple Life
Authors: Kempes Christopher P. , Krakauer David C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe argue for multiple forms of life realized through multiple different historical pathways. From this perspective, there have been multiple origins of life on Earth—life is not a universal homology. By broadening the class of originations, we significantly expand the data set for searching for life. Through a computational analogy, the origin of life describes both the origin of hardware (physical substrate) and software (evolved function). Like all information-processing systems, adaptive systems possess a nested hierarchy of levels, a level of function optimization (e.g., fitness maximization), a level of constraints (e.g., energy requirements), and a level of materials (e.g., DNA or RNA genome and cells). The functions essential to life are realized by different substrates with different efficiencies. The functional level allows us to identify multiple origins of life by searching for key principles of optimization in different material form, including the prebiotic origin of proto-cells, the emergence of culture, economic, and legal institutions, and the reproduction of software agents.
The Evolutionary Fate of Mitochondrial Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases in Amitochondrial Organisms
Authors: Igloi Gabor L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring the endosymbiotic evolution of mitochondria, the genes for aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases were transferred to the ancestral nucleus. A further reduction of mitochondrial function resulted in mitochondrion-related organisms (MRO) with a loss of the organelle genome. The fate of the now redundant ancestral mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase genes is uncertain. The derived protein sequence for arginyl-tRNA synthetase from thirty mitosomal organisms have been classified as originating from the ancestral nuclear or mitochondrial gene and compared to the identity element at position 20 of the cognate tRNA that distinguishes the two enzyme forms. The evolutionary choice between loss and retention of the ancestral mitochondrial gene for arginyl-tRNA synthetase reflects the coevolution of arginyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNA identity elements.
Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) identifies functional relevance of non-culprit lesions in coronary angiographies of patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Milzi Andrea , Dettori Rosalia , Marx Nikolaus , Reith Sebastian , Burgmaier Mathias 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction
In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and multivessel coronary disease, revascularization of non-culprit lesions guided by proof of ischemia usually requires staged ischemia testing. Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) has been shown to be effective in assessing the hemodynamic relevance of lesions in stable coronary disease. However, its suitability in AMI patients is unknown. In this study, we tested the diagnostic value of QFR based on acute angiograms (aQFR) during AMI to assess the hemodynamic relevance of non-culprit lesions.

Methods
We retrospectively assessed the diagnostic efficiency of aQFR in 280 vessels from 220 patients, comparing it with staged ischemia testing using elective coronary angiography with FFR (n = 47), stress cardiac MRI (n = 200) or SPECT (n = 33).

Results
aQFR showed a very good diagnostic efficiency (AUC = 0.887, 95% CI 0.832–0.943, p < 0.001) in predicting ischemia of non-culprit lesions, significantly superior to coronary lesion’s geometry as assessed by quantitative coronary angiography. The optimal cut-off for aQFR to predict ischemia was 0.80 (sensitivity = 83.7%, specificity = 86.1%). Maintaining a predefined level of 95% sensitivity and specificity, we created a decision model based on aQFR: lesions with aQFR ≤ 0.75 should be treated, lesions with aQFR ≥ 0.92 do not yield any hemodynamic relevance, and lesions in the “grey zone” (aQFR 0.75–0.92) benefit from further ischemia testings. This model would allow to reduce staged ischemia tests by 46.8% without a relevant loss in diagnostic efficiency.

Conclusion
Our data demonstrate that aQFR allows an effective assessment of hemodynamic relevance of non-culprit lesions in AMI and may guide interventions of non-culprit coronary lesions.

Graphic abstract
Rückgewinnung von Wertstoffen aus Elektrokleingeräten
Authors: Beigl P. , Salhofer S. 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDas von der Europäischen Union 2017 beschlossene Kreislaufwirtschaftspaket sieht mehrere Strategien zur besseren Nutzung von Ressourcen vor. Neben der nachhaltigen Produktgestaltung und Maßnahmen zur Verringerung des Abfallaufkommens ist eine Intensivierung der Verwertung und die Schließung von Stoffkreisläufen ein wesentlicher Ansatz. Die Erhöhung der Recyclingziele wird insbesondere in ressourcenintensiven Branchen angestrebt, neben Kunststoffen, Textilien und dem Bauwesen spielt hier die Elektronikbranche eine wichtige Rolle. Bei der Verwertung von Elektroaltgeräten stellt die Sammelkategorie der Elektrokleingeräte eine besondere Herausforderung dar, diese Sammelkategorie ist heterogen, die einzelnen Gerätearten unterscheiden sich deutlich in ihrem Aufbau und ihrem Gehalt an Wertstoffen. Zusätzlich wird diese Gerätekategorie an Bedeutung gewinnen, da es einer der am schnellsten wachsenden Abfallströme in der EU ist. Die Verwertung besteht typischerweise aus Vorbehandlung (Demontage und Schadstoffentfrachtung, Zerkleinerung und Trennen von Materialströmen), Rückgewinnung von Sekundärressourcen in Form von Materialien (Eisen und Stahl, Nichteisenmetalle wie Aluminium und Kupfer) und Energie sowie der Entsorgung nicht verwertbarer Materialien. Die Optimierung von Verfahren zur Aufbereitung erfordert umfassendere Datengrundlagen zur Charakterisierung dieses heterogenen Abfallstroms. Der Beitrag stellt eine Methode vor, wie die Materialzusammensetzung von Elektrokleingeräten nach Gerätegruppen genauer abgebildet werden kann und wie diese Daten zur Optimierung der Vorbehandlung genutzt werden können.
Investigating best available technique for CO2 chemical absorption: solvent selection based on empirical surrogate model and exergy loss
Authors: Plesu Popescu Alexandra Elena , González Àgata , Llorens Joan , Bonet Jordi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere has reached extremely high levels, generating environmental concerns. Unfortunately, despite the climate change, CO2 is not included nowadays as a key environmental issue in Best Available Technique (BAT) reference documents (BREF). Industrially, the widespread industrial technology to capture CO2 is the chemical absorption using aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) at 30%wt, which is the basis of comparison for novel alternative techniques in the literature and seems a suitable candidate to be proposed as Best Available Technique. Nevertheless, there is an intense research to find alternative solvents that decrease the energy consumption for carbon capture and many solvents are claimed in the literature to outperform MEA. A novel empirical surrogate model and exergy balances are used to confirm that MEA is still the best candidate to be proposed as Best Available Technique. The surrogate model proposed in this study properly regresses the CO2 gas liquid equilibrium data. The regressed parameters of the model are tabulated in this study for many aqueous alkanolamines and their mixtures, being the basis for computationally inexpensive chemical absorption column design. The surrogate model parameter considering the temperature is related with the chemical absorption energy and the consumed energy for solvent recovery. The obtained results show that none of the considered alkanolamine outperforms MEA in all the considered aspects, i.e. energy and solvent flowrate. MEA minimum flowrate is 15.62 mol solvent/mol gas and its heat of absorption regression parameter is − 27,745 J/mol. The proposed mathematical method is useful as a fast assessment for other novel alternatives that will be proposed in the future, providing energetically more efficient and cleaner technologies for CO2 capture.

Graphic abstract
Prognostic value of patient-reported quality of life for survival in oesophagogastric cancer: analysis from the population-based POCOP study
Authors: van Kleef J. J. , Dijksterhuis W. P. M. , van den Boorn H. G. , Prins M. , Verhoeven R. H. A. , Gisbertz S. S. , Slingerland M. , Mohammad N. Haj , Creemers G.-J. , Neelis K. J. , Heisterkamp J. , Rosman C. , Ruurda J. P. , Kouwenhoven E. A. , van de Poll-Franse L. V. , van Oijen M. G. H. , Sprangers M. A. G. , van Laarhoven H. W. M. ,   On behalf of the Dutch Upper GI Cancer Group (DUCG)
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Accumulating evidence of trials demonstrates that patient-reported health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at diagnosis is prognostic for overall survival (OS) in oesophagogastric cancer. However, real-world data are lacking. Moreover, differences in disease stages and tumour-specific symptoms are usually not taken into consideration. The aim of this population-based study was to assess the prognostic value of HRQoL, including tumour-specific scales, on OS in patients with potentially curable and advanced oesophagogastric cancer.

Methods
Data were derived from the Netherlands Cancer Registry and the patient reported outcome registry (POCOP). Patients included in POCOP between 2016 and 2018 were stratified for potentially curable (cT1-4aNallM0) or advanced (cT4b or cM1) disease. HRQoL was measured with the EORTC QLQ-C30 and the tumour-specific OG25 module. Cox proportional hazards models assessed the impact of HRQoL, sociodemographic and clinical factors (including treatment) on OS.

Results
In total, 924 patients were included. Median OS was 38.9 months in potentially curable patients (n = 795) and 10.6 months in patients with advanced disease (n = 129). Global Health Status was independently associated with OS in potentially curable patients (HR 0.89, 99%CI 0.82–0.97), together with several other HRQoL items: appetite loss, dysphagia, eating restrictions, odynophagia, and body image. In advanced disease, the Summary Score was the strongest independent prognostic factor (HR 0.75, 99%CI 0.59–0.94), followed by fatigue, pain, insomnia and role functioning.

Conclusion
In a real-world setting, HRQoL was prognostic for OS in patients with potentially curable and advanced oesophagogastric cancer. Several HRQoL domains, including the Summary Score and several OG25 items, could be used to develop or update prognostic models.
The Liability of Tribe in Corporate Political Activity: Ethical Implications for Political Contestability
Authors: Liedong Tahiru Azaaviele 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolitical contestability is an important issue in the ethical analysis of corporate political activity (hereafter CPA). Though previous studies have proposed analytical frameworks for creating contestable political systems, these studies conceive firm-level factors such as size and wealth as the main (and perhaps, only) determinants of contestability. This relegates the influences of informal managerial-level attributes such as tribalism, especially in ethnically diverse contexts where politics and tribe are inseparable. In this article, I explore the linkages between managers’ tribal identity and political contestability among firms in Ghana. I found that contestability is affected bytribal consonance(similarity) andtribal dissonance(difference) between corporate executives and policymakers. I also found that dissonance createsliability of tribe, which causes contestability problems in all four stages of the CPA process—i.e.,political planning,political access, political voice, andpolitical influence. Overall, this article extends the micro–macro link of political connections from performance to the ethics of political competition and contestability. It offers important contributions to the literature, advances insightful implications for practice, and outlines useful future research directions.
Student formation in higher education: a comparison and combination of Confucian xiushen (self-cultivation) and Bildung
Authors: Yang Lili 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHigher education has long established primary importance to the formation of students, manifest in ideas such as Confucianxiushen(self-cultivation) andBildung. However, despite the shared focus on the idea of humans becoming humans,xiushenandBildungare built on divergent philosophical traditions. The divergence has led to varied practice in individual formation. This paper conceptually explores, compares, and searches for potential combination of the ideas ofxiushenandBildungin higher education. As such, it provides new insights into student formation in higher education. Specifically, it is argued that the best situation for individual formation is when individual agency is harmonised with the external environment. This points to two essential considerations for student formation in higher education: students’ agency and the necessary support from society and higher education institutions.
A Qualitative Exploration into the Sensory Experiences of Autistic Mothers
Authors: Talcer Moyna Catherine , Duffy Orla , Pedlow Katy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch has found 96% of autistic individuals experience sensory processing difficulties, and being a parent presents many sensory demands that may be especially challenging for autistic mothers. Despite the high prevalence, no research exists exploring the sensory experiences of autistic mothers, highlighting the gap in current knowledge. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 autistic mothers, data were analysed using thematic analysis identifying 5 major themes: antenatal experiences, sensory experiences in motherhood, the impact of sensory processing difficulties, strategies and needs, diagnosis. This research provides greater insight and understanding into the sensory experiences of autistic mothers which can influence earlier diagnosis and inform appropriate support and adaptations for autistic mothers in a variety of different sectors and highlights a possible emerging role for Occupational Therapists.
Social Withdrawal and Romantic Relationships: A Longitudinal Study in Early Adulthood
Authors: Barzeva Stefania A. , Richards Jennifer S. , Meeus Wim H. J. , Oldehinkel Albertine J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInvolvement in romantic relationships is a salient developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood, and deviations from normative romantic development are linked to adverse outcomes. This study investigated to what extent social withdrawal contributed to deviations from normative romantic development, and vice versa, and the interplay between withdrawal and couples’ relationship perceptions. The sample included 1710 young adults (55–61% female) from the Tracking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey cohort and their romantic partners. Data were collected across 4 waves, covering romantic relationships from ages 17 to 29 years. The results showed that higher withdrawal predicted a higher likelihood of romantic non-involvement by adulthood, consistently being single at subsequent waves, and entering one’s first relationship when older. Withdrawal moderately decreased when youth entered their first relationship. Male’s withdrawal in particular affected romantic relationship qualities and dynamics. These results provide new insights into the developmental sequelae of withdrawn young adults’ romantic relationship development.
AI in drug development: a multidisciplinary perspective
Authors: Gallego Víctor , Naveiro Roi , Roca Carlos , Ríos Insua David , Campillo Nuria E. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The introduction of a new drug to the commercial market follows a complex and long process that typically spans over several years and entails large monetary costs due to a high attrition rate. Because of this, there is an urgent need to improve this process using innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI). Different AI tools are being applied to support all four steps of the drug development process (basic research for drug discovery; pre-clinical phase; clinical phase; and postmarketing). Some of the main tasks where AI has proven useful include identifying molecular targets, searching for hit and lead compounds, synthesising drug-like compounds and predicting ADME-Tox. This review, on the one hand, brings in a mathematical vision of some of the key AI methods used in drug development closer to medicinal chemists and, on the other hand, brings the drug development process and the use of different models closer to mathematicians. Emphasis is placed on two aspects not mentioned in similar surveys, namely, Bayesian approaches and their applications to molecular modelling and the eventual final use of the methods to actually support decisions.

Graphic abstract
Promoting a perfect synergy