bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In silico Analysis and Structural Prediction of a Hypothetical Protein from Leishmania Major
Authors: Saikia Achisha , Palherkar Duhita Akhil , Hiremath Lingayya 
Published: September 2021

Introduction:

Leishmania major causes mucocutaneous leishmaniasis which is characterized by chronic skin sores. In L. major, some proteins are classified as hypothetical proteins (HPs). These proteins are chains of amino acids whose existence is predicted by sequencing organisms, but their functions remain unknown. They could further be analyzed, functionally annotated, and structurally predicted to open the doors to various applications.

Methods:
In this study, the HP AKK31191.1 from L. major was selected from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Various tools were used for one-dimensional (1D), 2D structural prediction followed by predicting the 3D protein structure via ab initio and homology modeling. The structure was analyzed and validated using various in silico tools.

Results:
A detailed information on the physicochemical analysis of the protein was achieved. It was found that this particular HP could be located in the cytoplasm. 2D structural analysis showed that the protein consisted of random coils at a higher amount succeeded by extended strands and alpha-helix. These data were validated through a Ramachandran plot. Subsequently, the 3D structure of the protein was visualized in UCSF Chimera which portrayed the random coils, extended strands, and the alpha-helix in different colors.

Conclusions:
This study focused on finding the characteristic features of the HP, predicting the 3D structure, functionally annotating the protein, and finding another similarity sequence. Through structural prediction, disease-associated mutations can be identified, and other functionally significant sites can be facilitated by determining the spatial positions of active sites and other critical residues.
Antibiotic Resistance, Phylogenetic Group, and Genotyping Investigation in Escherichia coli Strains of Gut Flora in Patients with Colorectal Cancer in Iranian Population
Authors: Mirzarazi Mahsa , Bandehpour Mojgan , Hashemi Ali , Vahidi Mahmoud , Taghavi Afsoon , Bashiri Soroor , Kazemi Bahram 
Published: September 2021

Background:
According to the World Health Organization, the prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most common cancer in Iran. The population of Escherichia coli strains of the B2 phylogenetic group as one of the components of gut microbiota is increased in the gut of people with CRC and can also play a role in the process of cancerous intestinal cells or malignancy. The most common concern about treating infections and their association with cancer is multidrug resistance (MDR).

Methods:
In this study, stool samples of 20 patients with CRC were examined for sensitivity to 9 antibiotics and their genotypes were determined.

Results:
More than 90% of the isolates were MDR. Although among 20 isolates of E. coli gut flora in CRC patients, 11 (55%), 7 (35%), 0 (0%), and 2 (10%) strains belonged to phylogenetic groups B2, D, B1, and A, respectively.

Conclusions:
There was no significant relationship between the B2 phylogenetic group and MDR. Furthermore, the closeness of the species based on >90% similarity, seven clusters were observed that among five clusters, similarities were observed in terms of the phylogenetic group.
Platelets Prohibition with Clopidogrel Alone versus with Proton-Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Rada Feryal Hashim 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Clopidogrel and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) are inert drugs that need cytochrome P450 enzymes to switch chemically to their active forms. The aim of this research is to evaluate the influences of three different types of PPIs on platelet restraining effect of clopidogrel.

Methods:
This study consecutively enlisted 100 patients (30 females and 70 males), ranging from 45 to 60 years with coronary artery disease from Ibn Al-Nafees Hospital. The patients randomly divided into four groups and each group consists of 25 patients. One of them treated with clopidogrel tablet (75 mg daily) alone. Others treated with clopidogrel (75 mg daily) and pantoprazole (20 mg daily), or esomeprazole (20 mg daily), or rabeprazole (20 mg daily) for a period of 10 days. Light transmission aggregometry instrument was used for the estimation of maximal platelet aggregation percent (MPA%).

Results:
The statistical outcomes after 10 days of treatments demonstrated that high inhibition of platelet aggregation was achieved in patients on clopidogrel alone 52.5% and low inhibition of platelet aggregation was confirmed in patients on clopidogrel and rabeprazole 43.3%.

Conclusions:
Even each drug of PPIs that used in this study changed the MPA% as compared to clopidogrel alone, but rabeprazole had an appreciable impact on MPA% and thereby on clinical adequacy of clopidogrel as platelets aggregation preventer drug.
Inflammatory Response, Plasma Albumin, Creatinine, Alanine Aminotransferase, and Packed Cell Volume in Relationship with the Degree of Anemia and Gestational Age in HbAA Anemic Pregnant Women
Authors: Olaniyan Mathew Folaranmi , Muhibi Musa Abidemi , Babatunde Kehinde Abiola 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Anemia in pregnancy which may be mild, moderate, or severe is a common physiological disorder that can lead to poor pregnancy outcome which may be primary or secondary to problems associated with hepatic, renal, and immune system which may be indicated by alterations in packed cell volume (PCV), alanine transaminase, albumin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and creatinine. This work is, therefore, designed to determine inflammatory response, plasma albumin, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and PCV in relationship with the degree of anemia and gestational age in anemic pregnant women.

Methods:
Two hundred (200) HbAA anemic pregnant women and 100 nonanemic pregnant women were recruited as test and control subjects, respectively. All subjects were negative to HIV-Ag-Ab, acid-fast bacillus (AFB)-Ziehl–Neelsen, Plasmodium, anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) tests. HIV-Ag-Ab, TNF-α, anti-HCV, and HBeAg were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; AFB by Ziehl–Neelsen staining; Plasmodium by thick-film Giemsa staining; hemoglobin types by hemoglobin electrophoresis; albumin, creatinine, and ALT by auto-chemistry analysis using COBAS C11; and PCV by microhematocrit tube method.

Results:
Eighteen percent (36) of the anemic pregnant women had severe anemia whereas 82% (164) had moderate anemia. The results obtained showed a significant increase in the plasma value of TNF-α and a decrease in the PCV in anemic pregnant women compared with the results obtained in the nonanemic pregnant women (P < 0.05). There was a significant increase in plasma TNF-α in severe anemia compared with the anemic pregnant women with moderate anemia (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
This work revealed a significant increase in plasma TNF-α and a decrease in PCV in anemic pregnant women which was more intense in anemic pregnant women with severe anemia while the pattern of anemia showed that 18% (36) of the anemic pregnant women had severe anemia whereas 82% (164) had moderate anemia.
Water immersion sigmoidoscopy versus standard insufflation for colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Calcara Calcedonio , Aseni Paolo , Siau Keith , Gambitta Pietro , Cadoni Sergio 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Although the efficacy of water-assisted colonoscopy is well established, the role of water immersion sigmoidoscopy (WIS) remains unclear. We compared WIS with carbon dioxide insufflation sigmoidoscopy (CO2S) on patient outcomes.

Methods:
We conducted an analysis of prospectively collected data from a single-center quality improvement program about patients undergoing unsedated screening sigmoidoscopy (WIS and CO2S) between May 2019 and January 2020. Outcomes studied included the following: Rates of severe pain <17% (score of ≥7 on a numeric rating scale of 0–10, and on a Likert scale), willingness to repeat the procedure without sedation, adequate bowel cleanliness >75% (proportion of Boston Bowel Preparation Scale score: 2–3) and adenoma detection rate (ADR).

Results:
In total, 234 patients (111 WIS; 123 CO2S) were included. All patients were aged 58 years and 58.9% were female; baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. There were no significant differences in rates of severe pain (WIS: 16.5%, CO2S: 13.8%; P = 0.586), willingness to repeat the unsedated procedure (WIS: 82.3%, CO2S: 84.5%; P = 0.713), adequate bowel cleanliness (WIS: 78.4%, CO2S: 78%, P = 0.999) or ADR (WIS: 25.2%, CO2S: 16.3%; P = 0.106) between groups. However, average procedure times were longer with WIS (9.06 min) compared to CO2S (6.45 min; P < 0.001). Overall, 29.6% of women reported that they would repeat sigmoidoscopy only if sedated.

Conclusions:
WIS does not ameliorate tolerance to and quality of sigmoidoscopy screening measured by several scores. When offered a choice, the women's willingness to repeat WIS or CO2S without sedation was poor and raises concern on the opportunity of screening sigmoidoscopy without sedation in these subjects.
Incidental lung findings in a COVID-19 patient on 18F-FDG PET/CT done for preoperative evaluation of Marjolin's ulcer-first report from Chhattisgarh
Authors: Ravina Mudalsha , Baruah Tridip Dutta , Lukose Tinu , Ganga Ranganath T. , Moideen Amal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this case is to illustrate the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography findings of a patient who was admitted in AIIMS, Raipur, for the preoperative evaluation of Marjolin ulcer and was later diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. Apart from the primary lesion in the right foot and pelvic lymph nodes, the scan revealed mild FDG-avid basal ground-glass opacities in bilateral lung fields with mediastinal and hilar lymph nodal involvement, in an otherwise asymptomatic patient.
Adopción de estrategias en plataformas digitales y los cambios en el modelo de negocios del sector comercial de electrodomésticos de Guayaquil
Authors: Estrada Kelly Johanna 
Published: September 2021

Resumen
El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar las estrategias y acciones adoptadas en plataformas digitales y los cambios que han generado en el modelo de negocios del sector comercial de electrodomésticos de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Para este análisis se abordaron teorías relacionadas con el enfoque de las plataformas digitales en los negocios, los modelos de negocios existentes y el modelo de negocios CANVAS. Este último modelo se tomó como referencia para la elaboración de una guía de observación, la misma que fue aplicada a un total de 10 empresas dedicadas a la comercialización de electrodomésticos en la ciudad de Guayaquil. Esta guía de observación estuvo compuesta por un total de 49 ítems agrupadas en las 9 dimensiones del modelo CANVAS, a fin de realizar un estudio cualitativo que profundice más el cambio que las plataformas digitales han generado en la estrategia de comercial de este grupo de establecimientos. Los resultados más relevantes determinan que la mayoría de negocios ha optado por utilizar a las redes sociales como medios publicitarios que motiven a la compra de los diferentes productos, ya sea en el establecimiento físico o en el canal e-commerce que varios negocios implementaron a partir de la pandemia del Covid-19.
Combinación de entrenamiento de fuerza y aeróbico en adultos mayores: efectos en rendimiento funcional, fuerza, masa grasa y dolor (Combined resistance and aerobic training in Elderly: effects on functional performance, strength, fat mass and pain percep
Authors: Fernández Martínez Nicolás , Pozo-Bohórquez Carlos , Sánchez-Canales Vanesa 
Published: September 2021

Introducción: La sociedad está envejeciendo, y se estima que este segmento seguirá aumentando en los próximos años. Objetivo: Examinar los efectos que producen 5 semanas de entrenamiento en el rendimiento funcional, fuerza de agarre, perímetro de cintura, masa grasa y percepción de dolor general. Método: 28 sujetos (edad ≥ 55 años), sedentarios, participaron en un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza y entrenamiento aeróbico, de 5 semanas, 5 sesiones semanales de 50-60 minutos de duración. Resultados: Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores previos y posteriores al programa. La magnitud de estas diferencias puede considerarse grande en el Timed Up and Go Test (-27.3%, p=0.000, d=3.01), 30-Second Chair Stand Test (+42%, p=0.000, d=1.77) y percepción de dolor día (-54.7%, p=0.000, d=1.27) y noche (-58.2%, p=0.000, d=1.02). Conclusión: Tras la aplicación del programa de entrenamiento concurrente descrito, todas las variables analizadas han evolucionado favorablemente. Dichas variables están directamente relacionadas con la composición corporal, calidad de vida, reducción del dolor, así como mejora de fuerza para las actividades cotidianas de las personas mayores.
Abstract. Introduction: Society is aging, and it is estimated that this segment will continue to grow in the coming years. Objectives: To examine the effects of 5 weeks of training on functional performance, grip strength, waist circumference, fat mass and general pain perception.Methods: 28 subjects (age ≥ 55 years), sedentary, participated in a 5-week strength and aerobic training program, 5 weekly sessions of 50-60 minutes duration. Results: There are statistically significant differences between pre and post program values. The magnitude of these differences can be considered large in the Timed Up and Go Test (-27.3%, p=0.000, d=3.01), 30-Second Chair Stand Test (+42%, p=0.000, d=1.77) and pain perception day (-54.7%, p=0.000, d=1.27) and night (-58.2%, p=0.000, d=1.02).Conclusion: After the application of described concurrent training program, all analyzed variables have evolved favorably. Such variables are directly related to body composition, quality of life, pain reduction, as well as to improvement of strenght for the elderly’s daily activities.
Conjunctival biomicroscopy in the diagnosis of microcirculatory disorders in systemic sclerosis: A new look at the “old” method
Authors: Korneeva N. V. , Otteva E. N. , Zhmerenetsky K. V. , Kovaleva M. A. , Panevin T. S. 
Published: September 2021

Microcirculatory (MC) disorders in systemic sclerosis (SS) are an important part of pathogenesis, morphogenesis, determine the clinical picture of the disease, the severity of the patient’s condition and prognosis. The authors draw attention to a direct method for studying microcirculatory disorders – conjunctival biomicroscopy (CBM). The use of improved equipment for conducting CBM and the survey algorithm allows at the present stage to improve the quality of the data obtained, to simplify and standardize the CBM procedure, to record and analyze new MC predictors.The study of the correlations between MC changes identified in CBM in patients with SS, with the data of the clinical picture, will make it possible to determine a limited set of the most significant MC parameters, simplify the analysis of primary CBM data and take a fresh look at the CBM method, rethinking its diagnostic capabilities SS, which determined the aim of this study.Materials and methods. In 48 patients suffering from SS (mean age 51±1.7 years), MC was studied by the direct method – conjunctival biomicroscopy. Quantitative parameters of MC are compared with the clinical manifestations of SS by the methods of linear Pearson correlation and Spearman non-linear correlation. The critical value of the level of statistical significance in testing null hypotheses was taken to be 0.05.Results. The main clinical manifestations of SS: the duration of the disease (months), skin count (points), the activity of the disease (points), the duration of skin syndrome (months) and the duration of vascular syndrome (months) showed statistically significant linear and non-linear correlation with seven MC parameters: the value of the arteriolo- to-venule ratio (AVR), five parameters characterizing the density of capillaries on the bulbar conjunctiva and the average diameter of capillaries.Conclusion. A limited set of the most informative MC signs in the form of AVR and the number of capillaries in various areas of the temporal section of the bulbar conjunctiva greatly simplify the interpretation of CBM data and allow a new look at the diagnostic capabilities of the “old” method in SS. A promising direction, in our opinion, is the further study of the indicated MC parameters and the identification of possible correlations with the data of laboratory, instrumental methods of research and assessment of the dynamics of the indicated MC parameters in case of SS.
Cellular composition of the minor salivary gland inflammatory infiltrates as an additional diagnostic criterion for primary Sjogren’s syndrome
Authors: Kuvardin E. S. , Grigor’yeva I. N. , Bekhtereva I. A. , Maslyansky A. L. , Krivolapov Yu. A. , Belyakova E. A. 
Published: September 2021

Primary Sjogren’s syndrome (pSS) is one of the most frequent among the connective tissue diseases. Histological examination of the minor salivary gland (MSG) is important diagnostic method. The currently established histological criteria for pSS do not have absolute sensitivity and specificity, which makes the search for additional morphological hallmark relevant.Aim – to study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of cellular populations inflammatory infiltrates in MSG pSS patient with the assessment of additional diagnostic criteria for disease based on the data obtained.Subjects and methods. The study included 55 patients with a diagnosis of pSS according to the criteria of ACR/ EULAR 2016. The control group consisted of 18 healthy volunteers. A MSG biopsy was performed all subjects for histological and immunohistochemical studies with a quantitative assessment of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, CD21+, CD68+, CD138+ cells. Statistical data analysis was performed using the Statistica 10.0 for Windows (StatSoft Inc., USA). For comparison of quantitative traits, the Mann – Whitney U-test was used. To determine the diagnostic threshold of the number of a ROC analysis was performed. An operating characteristic curve was plotted. The area under the curve (AUC), diagnostic specificity, diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic accuracy, likelihood ratio of the positive and negative results of the test were calculated. The construction of classification models, including the number of different cell types, was carried out using linear discriminant analysis.Results and discussion. The number of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, CD138+ cells in 4 mm2 (area of section) was significantly higher in the pSS group. The largest AUC were observed for the quantitative evaluation of CD3+ cells – 0.88 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80–0.96] and CD8+ cells – 0.87 [95% CI: 0.79–0.95], which at the specified diagnostic thresholds corresponded to the sensitivity of 70.9% [95% CI: 57.86–81.23] and 65.45% [95% CI: 52.25–76.64], specificity of 94.4% [95% CI: 74.24–99.72] and 100% [95% CI: 82.41–100], respectively. The CD21+ follicular dendritic cells were detected only in MSG of pSS group. AUC for quantitative assessment of these cells was 0.65 [95% CI: 0.52–0.78], sensitivity 29.1% [95% CI: 18.77–42.14] and specificity 100% [95% CI: 82.41–100]. Using the method of discriminant analysis, we designed classification models that included various combinations of the studied markers. The highest AUC among all possible combinations was observed for the decimal logarithms of the number of CD3+ and CD68+ cells – 0.92 [95% CI: 0.85–0.98], which for a given diagnostic threshold corresponded sensitivity – 81.82% [95% CI: 69.67–89.81], specificity – 94.4% [95% CI: 74.24–99.72].
Complex approach to the conservative treatment of hallux rigidus
Authors: Ilchenko D. V. , Ilyin D. O. , Kardanov A. A. , Achkasov E. E. , Korolev A. V. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Hallux rigidus (HR) is a common source of forefoot pain, which leads to progressive loss of range of motion in the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP1) joint and pathologically affects biomechanics of the whole lower limb. HR is characterized by degeneration of the articular surfaces of MTP1 joint with the formation of bone growths, cysts and erosions, osteochondral defects and loose bodies. The frequency of occurrence of HR is 1 in 40 adults older than 50 years, and this localization of osteoarthritis is the most common among all joints of the foot. The aim of this article is to improve the results of conservative treatment of HR through the use of physical rehabilitation methods, such as manual therapy, therapeutic exercises and foot orthotics.Materials and methods. This study included retrospective cases of 24 patients (28 feet), who underwent a single course of conservative treatment of HR at the European Clinic for Sports Traumatology and Orthopedics (ECSTO) of the European Medical Center (EMC) since January 2014 to December 2018. The patients’ mean age was 51 years (range, 41 to 69 years). Median time between the beginning of treatment and final examination was 26 months (interquartile range from 17 to 36 months). Patient satisfaction, VAS pain scale, AOFAS and FAAM questionnaires and MTP1 dorsiflexion were evaluated in this study.Results. According to AOFAS scale, we obtained 18% (5/28) of excellent, 78% (22/28) of good, 4% (1/28) of fair and no poor results. Median AOFAS score significantly increased from 58.5 points before treatment to 87.0 points on the final examination (p<0.05). Median FAAM daily activity subscale showed 98% of functional outcome with median subjective score of 95%, median FAAM sports score was 97% and median subjective sports score rate was 90%. Patient’s satisfaction at the final examination was “excellent” in 57% (16/28), “good” in 39% (11/28), “fair” in 4% (1/28) of cases and no poor results were obtained. Median VAS pain scale decreased from 5 points before treatment to 1 point at the final examination (p<0.05). Median angle of the MTP1 dorsiflexion significantly increased from 23° before treatment to 30° on the final examination (p<0.05).Conclusion. Described approach of the conservative treatment of HR is an effective method of treatment of early stages of the disease with high patient satisfaction rate and functional outcome.
Analytical review of judicial cases involving antitrust body
Authors: Vovkivskaya L. V. , Savostina E. V. 
Published: September 2021

Analysis of the arbitration court’s legal positions in cases of violation of antimonopoly legislation on the following issues: limitation period for the institution of administrative proceedings for merger deals, determining the dominant position of an economic entity, court actions against, Antimonopoly service warnings, administrative fines reductions, ways of proving anti-competitive agreements. Purpose: the formation of uniform approaches in law enforcement practice in cases of violation of antitrust laws.
Legal Aspects of Defining Market’ Boundaries where Digital Platforms’ Owners Participate: Amex Case
Authors: Maslov A. O. 
Published: September 2021

Year by year, digital platforms are becoming more popular in doing business. At the same time antitrust regulators around all the world face with challenges in analyzing the market boundaries where digital platforms’ owners participate.The article examines legal aspects of determining product and geographical boundariesof markets where digital platforms’ owners operate.The article deals with Amex case in which The US Supreme Court held that boundaries of the market where two-sided transactional digital platforms’ owners operate should be determined by the transaction. No doubt, this approach is debatable and the fact that the Court issued 5—4 decision proves that.The article also deals with approaches in competition law doctrine to defining the boundaries of product markets in which the owners of digital platforms are involved.