bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Hydrophilic–Lipophilic Deviation Equations to the Formulation of a Mixed‐Surfactant Washing Agent for Crude Rice Bran Oil Removal from Spent Bleaching Earth
Authors: Panumonwatee Gitsada , Charoensaeng Ampira , Arpornpong Noulkamol 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Thailand, spent bleaching earth (SBE) (20–40 wt.% remaining oil), an industrial waste from edible oil refineries, has usually been disposed of by improper landfilling at industrial sites. This study aims to formulate microemulsion‐based washing solutions from mixed surfactants for cleaning SBE contaminated with crude rice bran oil using the hydrophilic–lipophilic deviation (HLD) concept. Binary nonionic‐anionic surfactant mixtures consisting of System A (Dehydol LS3TH‐Levenol WX), System B (Dehydol LS5TH‐Levenol WX), and System C (Dehydol LS7TH‐Levenol WX) were formulated for use as microemulsion‐based washing formulations. A HLDmixed equation extended with the excess free energy term (GEX/RT) was developed and proposed for predicting the optimum salinity. The optimum salinities obtained from the HLDmixed equation were close to those obtained from the phase behavior. In the SBE washing study, the mixed‐surfactant systems showed a washing efficiency of 90% with low surfactant adsorption capacity on bleaching earth (qmax = 0.01–0.03 mol g−1). The mixed surfactants showed improved washing performance compared to that of the single‐surfactant system. This work highlights the utility of using the HLD concept in designing microemulsion‐based washing formulations from surfactants for the removal of vegetable oil from SBE.
Maxillary Sinus Floor Infiltration: Results From a Series of 118 Maxillary Sinus Cancers
Authors: Arosio Alberto Daniele , Turri‐Zanoni Mario , Sileo Giorgio , Tirloni Michele , Volpi Luca , Lambertoni Alessia , Margherini Stefano , Mercuri Anna , Battaglia Paolo , Cherubino Mario , Castelnuovo Paolo , Bignami Maurizio 
Published: June 2021

Objectives/HypothesisMaxillary cancers are rare and aggressive tumors, which can spread beyond the sinus bony walls. Preoperative assessment of infiltration of maxillary sinus floor (MSF) is paramount for surgical planning, as palatomaxillary demolition significantly impacts patients' quality of life. This study investigates the challenges involved in the preoperative and intraoperative evaluation of MSF infiltration and analyzes its prognostic relevance.Study DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsA retrospective review of patients treated for sinonasal malignancies at a single Institution was performed. Patients receiving surgical‐based treatment with curative intent for primary maxillary sinus cancers, between January 2000 and November 2019, were included.ResultsA cohort of 118 patients was analyzed. By comparing intraoperative findings (endoscopic assessment and frozen sections) with preoperative radiological assessment, diagnostic changes with regard to MSF infiltration were found in 27.1% (32/118 cases). MSF infiltration negatively affected the prognosis in both univariate and multivariate analyses in the overall population. In the subgroup of pT1‐T3 tumors, MSF infiltration was significantly associated with reduced overall (P = .012), disease‐free (P = .011), and distant recurrence‐free (P = .002) survival rates. Conversely, pT classification was not able to stratify patients according to prognosis, mainly because early‐staged cancers (pT1‐T2) with MSF infiltration showed reduced survival rates, similar to those observed in pT3 cancers.ConclusionsPreoperative imaging should be integrated with intraoperative findings based on endoscopic inspection and frozen sections. Future studies are required to investigate the opportunity to incorporate MSF infiltration in the TNM staging system, considering its crucial role in defining the extent of surgery and its potential as prognosticator.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:26–35, 2022
Shifting baselines and cross‐scale drivers of lake water clarity: Applications for lake assessment
Authors: Deeds Jeremy , Amirbahman Aria , Norton Stephen A. , Bacon Linda C. , Hovel Rachel A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTemporal Secchi depth trends are used in lake assessment to evaluate lake condition and possible shifts in trophic state. For accurate lake assessments, it is important to differentiate regional trends from lake‐specific trends, but this can be confounded by interacting factors. We present a divergent trend analysis which uses temporal patterns of Secchi depth water clarity from 1999 to 2018 for five different types of reference lakes from minimally disturbed watersheds to create dynamic baselines against which we evaluate Secchi depth trends from nonreference lakes in Maine, USA. We used mixed‐effect generalized additive models to generate smoothed curves of the expected baseline Secchi depth for each reference lake type to account for the nonlinear dynamics of lake condition through time. The majority of nonreference lakes (74%) showed no difference between measured trend (actual Secchi depth data) and divergent trend (residual Secchi depth from baseline trends). The most common difference in lakes with inconsistent trend test results showed stability in measured trends but apparent declining trends in divergent Secchi depth clarity. We used a Dynamic Factor Analysis (DFA) model to help interpret the variation and shifts observed in baseline reference lake trends. The best DFA model identified two common trends in water clarity among lake types and precipitation during the primary stratification season as the most informative covariable. Because precipitation amount and intensity are expected to increase according to predictive climate models for the Northeast US, our results suggest that baseline lake clarity in Maine will decrease with climate change.
Technical Note: Dose prediction for radiation therapy using feature‐based losses and One Cycle Learning
Authors: Zimmermann Lukas , Faustmann Erik , Ramsl Christian , Georg Dietmar , Heilemann Gerd 
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo present the technical details of the runner‐up model in the open knowledge‐based planning (OpenKBP) challenge for the dose–volume histogram (DVH) stream. The model was designed to ensure simple and reproducible training, without the necessity of costly advanced generative adversarial network (GAN) techniques.MethodsThe model was developed based on the OpenKBP challenge dataset, consisting of 200 and 40 head‐and‐neck patients for training and validation, respectively. The final model is a U‐Net with additional ResNet blocks between up‐ and down convolutions. The results were obtained by training the model with AdamW with the One Cycle scheduler. The loss function is a combination of the L1 loss with a feature loss, which uses a pretrained video classifier as a feature extractor. The performance was evaluated on another 100 patients in the OpenKBP test dataset. The DVH metrics of the test data were evaluated, where , and were calculated for the organs at risk (OARs) and , , and were computed for the target structures. DVH metric differences between predicted and true dose are reported in percentage.ResultsThe model achieved 2nd and 4th place in the DVH and dose stream of the OpenKBP challenge, respectively. The dose and DVH score were 2.62 ± 1.10 and 1.52 ± 1.06, respectively. Mean dose differences for the different structures and DVH parameters were within ±1%.ConclusionThis straightforward approach produced excellent results. It incorporated One Cycle Learning, ResNet, and feature‐based losses, which are common computer vision techniques.
Practical considerations of developing and conducting a successful telehealth practice in response to COVID‐19
Authors: Tewksbury Colleen , Deleener Mary Elisabeth , Dumon Kristoffel R. , Williams Noel N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic posed significant challenges to clinicians practicing in outpatient settings focused on chronic disease treatment and management. Many interprofessional teams transitioned to telehealth to continue to provide care while minimizing in‐person interaction to reduce risk of transmission. Given that telehealth will likely remain as a care option even as the pandemic subsides, this review summarizes the applied recommendations on telehealth in interprofessional patient care, provides practical insights for successfully transitioning care from an academic medical center bariatric surgery program, and highlights future opportunities for research.
The Matilda Effect: Underrecognition of Women in Hematology and Oncology Awards
Authors: Patel Shruti R. , St. Pierre Frederique , Velazquez Ana I. , Ananth Snegha , Durani Urshila , Anampa-Guzmán Andrea , Castillo Katerina , Dhawan Natasha , Oxentenko Amy S. , Duma Narjust 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
The proportion of women in the field of hematology and oncology (H&O) has increased over recent decades, but the representation of women in leadership positions remains poor. In an effort to close the gender gap in academia, it is important to report on such inequities in hopes to close these gaps and improve career development.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a retrospective, observational study of published award recipients from 1994 to 2019 from the seven major H&O societies in the world. Gender was determined based on publicly available data. The χ2 and Cochran-Armitage tests were used for data analysis.

Results
Of the 1,642 awardees over the past 26 years, 915 met inclusion criteria. Award recipients were overwhelmingly men (77.9%) and non-Hispanic White (84.7%). Women awardees received 30.3% of the humanistic and education-related awards, whereas only receiving 16.0% of basic science awards (p &lt; .01). Women represent 35.6% of all hematologists and oncologists but only received 24.0% of awards given to these physicians (p = .004). Black, Hispanic, and Asian awardees represented 3.7%, 3.3%, and 6.8% of the total awardees, respectively.

Conclusion
From 1994 to 2019, women were less likely to receive recognition awards from the seven major H&O societies studied compared with men. We also observed a considerably low proportion of minority awardees across all oncology subspecialties. Further studies examining how selection criteria favor either gender would be warranted in order to achieve equal representation in academic awards.

Implications for Practice
In this study, women and minority groups were found to be underrepresented amongst award recipients. Significant disparities were seen in disciplines that have been historically male predominant, such as basic sciences. As awards on an international level enhance academic resumes and assist with career advancement, it is important that awards are being given in an equitable manner. First steps to promote diversity and inclusion in academic medicine is reporting of gender and racial disparities in various areas of academia.
Health‐related quality of life of children born to childhood cancer survivors in Germany
Authors: Balcerek Magdalena , Sommerhäuser Greta , Schilling Ralph , Hölling Heike , Klco‐Brosius Stephanie , Borgmann‐Staudt Anja 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveRising childhood cancer survival rates have increased the importance of health‐related quality of life (HRQL) assessment. While survivors show comparable HRQL to peers, concerns that cancer treatment could impact the health of prospective children were reported. No previous publications address HRQL of childhood cancer survivor offspring.MethodsWe assessed survivor offspring HRQL using the parental KINDL questionnaire. Matched‐pair analysis was conducted with data from the general population (KiGGS study) using age, gender and education (1:1, n = 1206 cases). Multivariate analyses were conducted to detect the influence of parental diagnose and treatment on offspring HRQL.ResultsOverall, within KINDL dimensions, survivors reported comparable to higher HRQL for their children than the general population. Survivor parents reported significantly (p < 0.001) higher psychological (86.7% vs. 83.0%, Cohen's d = 0.3) and self‐esteem (79.1% vs. 73.3%, Cohen's d = 0.5) well‐being scores for younger children (3–6‐year‐olds). As time since diagnosis increased, parents reported higher well‐being scores. Accordingly, recently diagnosed survivors reported significantly lower psychological well‐being scores (p = 0.28; OR = 0.457; 95% CI = 0.228–0.918) for their children. With increasing age, average HRQL scores decreased in both cohorts; yet, this drop was less pronounced for survivor offspring. The biggest difference between age groups (7–10‐ vs. 14–17‐year‐olds) was found for school‐specific well‐being (6.2‐point drop in survivor offspring vs. 18.2‐point drop in KiGGS offspring).ConclusionComparable to higher parentally assessed HRQL was reported for survivor offspring compared to peers. These findings are reassuring and consistent with self‐reported HRQL in childhood cancer survivors. Type of parental cancer diagnosis and treatment showed no negative impact on offspring HRQL.
Sexual satisfaction and sexual distress after cancer: The role of body image disruption, self‐compassion, sexual pain and relationship satisfaction
Authors: Michael Sarah , Skaczkowski Gemma , Wilson Carlene 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify variables that correlate with sexual satisfaction and sexual distress among adult cancer survivors, and how these differ, providing a basis from which approaches to intervention may be identified. This study examined four key variables: body image disruption, self‐compassion, relationship satisfaction and sexual pain, previously all linked to sexual quality of life.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted online, with participants (n = 113) recruited via cancer charities, support groups and sexual counsellors' networks. A multivariate multiple regression analysis was conducted to analyse relationships among variables.ResultsIn a regression adjusted for age, sex and time since diagnosis, higher sexual distress was significantly associated with higher body image disruption (β = 0.23; p = 0.024), lower self‐compassion (β = −0.29; p = 0.009) and higher sexual pain (β = 0.39; p < 0.001); but not relationship satisfaction (β = −0.08; p = 0.434). Higher sexual satisfaction was significantly associated with higher relationship satisfaction (β = 0.35; p = 0.002) and lower sexual pain (β = −0.29; p = 0.005), but not body image disruption (β = −0.19; p = 0.089), or self‐compassion (β = 0.06; p = 0.614). Sexual pain had a significantly stronger association with sexual distress than sexual satisfaction; F (1, 84) = 18.29, p < 0.001.ConclusionsSexual distress and sexual satisfaction are associated with different psycho‐social correlates even though both are used as indicators of sexual health. Research should seek to further understand the differences in these two critical markers of sexual health, with these differences likely to highlight the need to match interventions to the nature of the sexual difficulties experienced following cancer treatment.
What is the evidence for clinical use of advanced technology in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty?
Authors: Mittal Anurag , Meshram Prashant , Kim Tae Kyun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith an aim of improving prosthesis survivorship of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), use of computer‐assisted technologies (CATs) such as robotics, has been on the rise to reduce intraoperative errors in surgical technique. In light of recent influx of CATs in the UKA, a review of these innovations will help providers to understand their clinical utility.MethodA systematic literature search was performed following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis guidelines.ResultsAmong 19 studies comparing robot‐assisted UKA with conventional UKA, only 32% were randomized control trials, 47% reported minimum mean follow‐up of 2 years, and 21% evaluated prosthesis survival. Similar results were obtained for navigation‐assisted UKA and UKA performed with patient‐specific instrumentation.ConclusionWhile CATs seem to reduce the surgical errors in UKA, the evidence on the efficacy of any of the studied CATs to improve survivorship remains limited and there are issues related to cost‐effectiveness, learning curve, and increase in operating time.
Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: Investigation of the Key Factors
Authors: Pandya Janam K. , Zhang Zhiyun , He Lili 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCharacterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2‐NPs) is significant to ensure its quality and safety in applications and facilitate risk assessment. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a novel technique for characterization of the size of TiO2 particles. Herein, we investigated the key factors in the SERS analysis of anatase TiO2‐NPs using a variety of well‐characterized particle reference materials (8–173 nm) and gallocyanin (GLN) as a ligand for SERS. The result shows that regardless of the particle and ligand concentrations used, the R‐value obtained from the ratio of TiO2 (144 cm−1) to GLN (1639 cm−1) peak intensities was able to distinguish between the nano‐sized particles from the micro‐particles, although no significant difference was observed between 8 to 65 nm particles. This means particle size is the primary factor that affected the R. The concentration of the NPs and the ligand, respectively, could also affect the R as secondary factors and common dispersion methods such as adjusting the pH and the sonication did not affect the R. However, this method did not work in presence of a stronger binding dispersing agent such as sodium pyrophosphate (SPP). This study fulfilled the knowledge gap regarding the key factors that impacts the SERS analysis of TiO2‐NPs which will facilitate the further application of this technique in the analysis of TiO2‐NPs in food products and environmental matrices.
An Expedite Synthesis of Some Angularly Fused Novel ‘U’‐Shaped Tetracyclic Furophenanthraquinones Simulating ABCD Rings of Isotanshinone‐II
Authors: Samanta Khokan , Sarkar Aparna , Sarkar Achintya K. , Kar Gandhi K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn expedite general synthesis of three angularly fused furophenantharquinones is described from 1‐(2‐furyl)‐naphthalen‐2‐carbaldehyde derivatives. 1‐(2‐furyl)‐naphthalen‐2‐carbaldehyde derivatives on sequential functional group transformation of the −CHO group afforded 2‐[1‐(2‐furyl])‐naphthalen‐2‐acetic acid derivatives in reasonably overall good yields. Cyclization of the carboxylic acids lead to the formation of furophenanthrenol derivatives. The phenolic intermediates were oxidized with Fremy's salt to furnish the condensed furophenanthraquinone derivatives in excellent yields. The synthesized compounds simulate the ABCD core nucleus of the naturally occurring isotanshinone‐II isolated from Salvia glutinosa.
Synthesis and Biological Properties of Coumarin Derivatives. A Review
Authors: Bouhaoui Abderrazzak , Eddahmi Mohammed , Dib Mustapha , Khouili Mostafa , Aires Alfredo , Catto Marco , Bouissane Latifa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoumarin and its derivatives are widely used as scaffolds in the synthesis of new heterocyclic systems. This review focuses on current developments in the synthesis of heterocyclic coumarin compounds. Numerous approaches especially involving nanoparticle catalysts have been developed to get new bioactive coumarin derivatives endowed with pharmacological and biological activities. The present work describes the reactivity and the new strategies using various catalysts for the synthesis of coumarin and its derivatives reported in the literature and their biological properties.
Synthesis of Heteroleptic Zinc Complexes Containing Aminoalkoxide and β‐Diketonate Ligands
Authors: Kim Na Yeon , Hwang Jeong Min , Han Seong Ho , Lee Ga Yeon , Park Bo Keun , Eom Taeyong , Son Seung Uk , Chung Taek‐Mo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNew heteroleptic complexes of zinc were designed and synthesized using aminoalkoxide and β‐diketonate ligands. The complexes, [Zn(dmamp)(tmhd)]2 (1), [Zn(dmamp)(acac)]2 (2), [Zn(dmamp)(hfac)]2 (3), [Zn(dmamb)(tmhd)]2 (4), [Zn(dmamb)(acac)]2 (5), and [Zn(dmamb)(hfac)]2 (6), were synthesized by controlled acid‐base reactions between [EtZn(aminoalkoxide)]2 and β‐diketonate ligands. Single crystal x‐ray diffraction showed that complexes 1−4 and 6 exist as dimeric molecular structures with the zinc metal centers interconnected by the alkoxy oxygen atom via μ2‐O bonding and their gemetries exhibit distorted trigonal bipyrimidal. TGA curves of complexes 3 and 6 showed sharp weight losses in a single step with very low residues, which confirmed the excellent vaporization and thermal stability.
Influence of dietary fish oil supplementation on DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of nine healthy dogs
Authors: Pellegrino Francisco J. , Risso Analía , Corrada Yanina , Gambaro Rocío C. , Seoane Analía I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundFish oil (FO) supplementation as a source of omega 3 fatty acids is associated with beneficial effects on health. However, high unsaturated fatty acid content in the diet could result in increased lipid peroxidation and damage to proteins, lipids and DNA. We evaluated the effect of dietary FO supplementation on DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of dogs. Additionally, we determined the effect of FO supplementation on lipid peroxidation and lipid profile of these dogs.MethodsHealthy male dogs (n = 9) were randomly assigned to one of two diets during 90 days: control (CG, n = 4), based on a commercial food, and FO (FOG, n = 5), the same food supplemented with 1000 mg FO. Blood samples were collected on days −1, 30, 60 and 90. DNA damage was assessed with the comet assay, and the damage index was obtained. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined as an indicator of lipid peroxidation. Lipid profile determination included serum triglyceride, cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein and high‐density lipoprotein levels (HDL).ResultsDamage index values (arbitrary units) were lower in FOG on day 30 (CG, 13.7 ± 2.5; FOG, 6.5 ± 2.5), 60 (CG, 14.7 ± 2.5; FOG, 3.5 ± 2.5) and 90 (CG, 15.5 ± 2.5; FOG, 3.0 ± 2.5) compared with CG (treatment × time interaction, p < 0.01). Serum MDA and HDL concentrations were lower in FOG compared with CG on day 60 and 90 (treatment × time interaction, p < 0.05).ConclusionThese findings suggest that dietary FO supplementation did not induce DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy dogs, but rather reduced it.
Speech Recognition: A
Authors: Walrand Jean 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSpeech recognition can be formulated as the problem of guessing a sequence of words that produces a sequence of sounds. The human brain is remarkably good at solving this problem, even though the same words correspond to many different sounds, because of accents or characteristics of the voice. Moreover, the environment is always noisy, to that the listeners hear a corrupted version of the speech.Computers are getting much better at speech recognition and voice command systems are now common for smartphones (Siri), automobiles (GPS, music, and climate control), call centers, and dictation systems. In this chapter, we explain the main ideas behind the algorithms for speech recognition and for related applications.The starting point is a model of the random sequence (e.g., words) to be recognized and of how this sequence is related to the observation (e.g., voice). The main model is called a hidden Markov chain. The idea is that the successive parts of speech form a Markov chain and that each word maps randomly to some sounds. The same model is used to decode strings of symbols in communication systems.Section 11.1 is a general discussion of learning. The hidden Markov chain model used in speech recognition and in error decoding is introduced in Sect. 11.2. That section explains the Viterbi algorithm. Section 11.3 discusses expectation maximization and clustering algorithms. Section 11.4 covers learning for hidden Markov chains.