bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Frequency of Port-Site Infection in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies
Authors: Alam Md Rezaul , Nuruzzaman Muhammad , Begum Mahbuba , Alim Md Abdul , Rahman Md Mostafizur , Karim Md Rabiul , Alam Md Insanul 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Laparoscopic surgery was a revolution in the field of surgery. Despite many benefits, the technique is associated with certain complications including PSI. PSI, although less common is annoying both for the surgeon and the patient, and cripple the benefits of MSI. PSI not only increases the economic burden, pain and Hospital stay of patient but also harm the reputation of the attending Surgeon and hospital.
Materials and Methods: This observational study carried out by the Department of general surgery at Medical College for Women & Hospital (MCWH), Uttara, Dhaka over a period of one year (July 2017 to June 2018). The study was carried out in 108 patients who underwent LC. AIM was to study the frequency of port site infection.
Results: In the current study, 108 patients including 92 females and 16 males were operated. A total of 12 patients had PSI. Infection was seen in one male patients and 11 female patients. Age range was 20-75 years. Port –site involved was epigastric, which developed infection in 7 patients, followed by umbilical port which got infected in 5 patients. Gall bladder was extracted through epigastric port site in 29 patients and through umbilical port site in 79 patients. 7 cases are superficial infection with foreign body reaction, 2 cases are deep infection and 3 cases are mycobacterial tuberculous infection.
Conclusion: LC is associated with a low risk of port site infection which in most cases is only superficial and responds to local measures. Infection is most commonly seen at port site through which gall bladder was extracted.
Medicine Today 2021 Vol.33(1): 22-26
Atenção à saúde mental na atenção primária de saúde: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Sterling Rita Adriana Melo , Gonçalves Laura Faustino , Haas Patrícia 
Published: March 2021

Introdução: A atenção primária à saúde se apresenta como a principal porta de entrada do sistema de saúde, com isso, espera-se que as demandas de saúde mental também possam ser acolhidas, encaminhadas, acompanhadas e muitas vezes tratadas pelos profissionais que atuam nesse serviço. Objetivo: Verificar evidências científicas baseadas em evidências referentes à atenção à saúde mental na atenção primária à saúde. Metodologia: A busca por artigos científicos foi conduzida por dois pesquisadores independentes nas bases de dados Medline (Pubmed), LILACS, SciELO, Bireme, Web of Science e Scopus, sem restrição de idioma, período e localização. Foram inclusos na pesquisa estudos que obtiveram pontuação ≥ a 6 pontos segundo o protocolo para pontuação qualitativa proposto por Pithon et al. (2015). Resultados: Os estudos admitidos apontam para pacientes que obtiveram cuidados de saúde mental apenas do médico da atenção primária, bem como, avaliação de feedback consideraram os aplicativos úteis. Vinte e quatro (68,5%) dos pacientes relataram o uso de Breathe2Relax e 24 (68,5%) relataram o uso de autoajuda para Gerenciamento de Ansiedade. Conclusão: Um maior foco no cuidado centrado no paciente, requer uma maior integração entre atenção primária e o setor de saúde mental para assim, haver uma redução da fragmentação do cuidado e das disparidades nos resultados da saúde. Os aplicativos relacionados à saúde mental são aplicáveis e relevantes para os pacientes em ambientes integrados de atenção primária em sistemas de saúde de rede de segurança.
Evaluation of seed cotton yield and fiber properties portrayal of some candidate cotton varieties in national coordinated varietal trials in the Punjab province during seasons 2017 and 2018
Authors: Naimatullah Salma , Wahid Muhammad Atif , Afzal Hamza , Shahid Muhammad , Ahsan Zahir , Baksh Ali , Hasan Irum 
Published: March 2021

Thirty six candidate cotton varieties developed by different breeders of Pakistan were tested consecutively for two years (2017 and 2018) and at six locations of Province of Punjab in national coordinated varietal trials (NCVT). The trials were conducted to explore seed cotton yield potential and fiber properties against two check varieties (CIM-602 and FH-142/IUB-13). As per claim of the breeders, the samples of all varieties for both the years were sent to four designated biotechnological laboratories for conducting biochemical tests also. The results revealed highly significant differences among the varieties for both the years. During the year 2017, on an average of six location, top ten high yielding varieties recorded were MNH-1026, BH-221, BS-18, CEMB-100, MNH-1020, FH-444, CEMB-101, ICI-2121, Bahar-07 and IUB-69 which yielded 3202, 3058, 3051, 2948, 2923, 2888, 2880, 2870, 2783 and 2753 kg/ha seed cotton yield respectively. When the results of 2018 trial were looked at, averagely top ten high yielding varieties were BS-18, ICI-2121, MNH-1026, RH-Afnan, CIM-343, CIM-663, NIAB-898, FH-490, MNH-1020 and NS-191 with 2893, 2749, 2748, 2745, 2614, 2608, 2607, 2604, 2594, and 2512 kg/ha of seed cotton yield respectively. However, on an average of both the years (2017 and 2018), top ten high yielding varieties were MNH-1026, BS-18, ICI-2121, BH-221, MNH-1020, CIM-343, CIM-663, FH-490, FH-444 and NIAB-898 producing 2975, 2972, 2810, 2761, 2759, 2681, 2671, 2670, 2652 and 2629 kg/ha of seed cotton respectively. As regards fiber properties, almost half (18 candidate varieties) could qualify all fiber standards set by Punjab Seed Council including 12 varieties which were given relaxation of 1mm in staple length by the Expert Sub Committee of the Punjab Seed Corporation. The biochemical test results received from all four laboratories revealed that on an average of four laboratories and two years, the trait purity range recorded was from 42 to 96 percent, whereas, quantification of Bt toxin ranged from 0.81 to 2.62. From the present study, it was concluded that almost 15-20 candidate varieties have the potential to be included among already approved varieties for commercial cultivation in the province of the Punjab
Lessons Learned From the Clinical Presentation of Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Janssen Lisanne M. A. , van der Flier Michiel , de Vries Esther 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundDiagnostic delay in common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) is considerable. There is no generally accepted symptom-recognition framework for its early detection.ObjectiveTo systematically review all existing data on the clinical presentation of CVID.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane were searched for cohort studies, published January/1999-December/2019, detailing the clinical manifestations before, at and after the CVID-diagnosis.ResultsIn 51 studies (n=8521 patients) 134 presenting and 270 total clinical manifestations were identified. Recurrent upper and/or lower respiratory infections were present at diagnosis in 75%. Many patients had suffered severe bacterial infections (osteomyelitis 4%, meningitis 6%, septicemia 8%, mastoiditis 8%). Bronchiectasis (28%), lymphadenopathy (27%), splenomegaly (13%), inflammatory bowel disease (11%), autoimmune cytopenia (10%) and idiopathic thrombocytopenia (6%) were also frequently reported. A bimodal sex distribution was found, with male predominance in children (62%) and female predominance in adults (58%). 25% of CVID-patients developed other manifestations besides infections in childhood, this percentage was much higher in adults (62%). Immune-dysregulation features, such as granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease and inflammatory bowel disease, were more prominent in adults.ConclusionsThe shift from male predominance in childhood to female predominance in adults suggests differences in genetic and environmental etiology in CVID and has consequences for pathophysiologic studies. We confirm the high frequency of respiratory infections at presentation, but also show a high incidence of severe bacterial infections such as sepsis and meningitis, and immune dysregulation features including lymphoproliferative, gastrointestinal and autoimmune manifestations. Early detection of CVID may be improved by screening for antibody deficiency in patients with these manifestations.
Iatrogenic vs. Spontaneous Preterm Birth: A Retrospective Study of Neonatal Outcome Among Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhang Xiaoli , Li Wenhua , Li Wendong , Wang Yong , Zhang Shan , Zhu Changlian 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Preterm birth is a leading contributor to childhood morbidity and mortality, and the incidence tends to increase and is higher in developing countries. The aim of this study was to analyze the potential impact of preterm birth in different etiology groups on neonatal complications and outcomes and to gain insight into preventive strategies.Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of preterm infants less than 32 weeks' gestation in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2014 to 2019. Preterm births were categorized as spontaneous or iatrogenic, and these groups were compared for maternal and neonatal characteristics, neonatal complications, and outcomes. All infants surviving at discharge were followed up at 12 months of corrected age to compare the neurodevelopmental outcomes.Results: A total of 1,415 mothers and 1,689 neonates were included, and the preterm population consisted of 1,038 spontaneous preterm infants and 651 iatrogenic preterm infants. There was a significant difference in the incidence of small for gestational age between the two groups. Infants born following spontaneous labor presented with a higher risk of intraventricular hemorrhage, whereas iatrogenic preterm birth was associated with higher risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and coagulopathy and higher risk of pathoglycemia. There was no difference in mortality between the two groups. Follow-up data were available for 1,114 infants, and no differences in neurologic outcomes were observed between the two preterm birth subtypes.Conclusions: Preterm births with different etiologies were associated with some neonatal complications, but not with neurodevelopmental outcomes at 12 months of corrected age.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms of COVID-19 Explained by SARS-CoV-2 Proteins’ Mimicry of Human Protein Interactions
Authors: Yapici-Eser Hale , Koroglu Yunus Emre , Oztop-Cakmak Ozgur , Keskin Ozlem , Gursoy Attila , Gursoy-Ozdemir Yasemin 
Published: March 2021

The first clinical symptoms focused on the presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been respiratory failure, however, accumulating evidence also points to its presentation with neuropsychiatric symptoms, the exact mechanisms of which are not well known. By using a computational methodology, we aimed to explain the molecular paths of COVID-19 associated neuropsychiatric symptoms, based on the mimicry of the human protein interactions with SARS-CoV-2 proteins.Methods: Available 11 of the 29 SARS-CoV-2 proteins’ structures have been extracted from Protein Data Bank. HMI-PRED (Host-Microbe Interaction PREDiction), a recently developed web server for structural PREDiction of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between host and any microbial species, was used to find the “interface mimicry” through which the microbial proteins hijack host binding surfaces. Classification of the found interactions was conducted using the PANTHER Classification System.Results: Predicted Human-SARS-CoV-2 protein interactions have been extensively compared with the literature. Based on the analysis of the molecular functions, cellular localizations and pathways related to human proteins, SARS-CoV-2 proteins are found to possibly interact with human proteins linked to synaptic vesicle trafficking, endocytosis, axonal transport, neurotransmission, growth factors, mitochondrial and blood-brain barrier elements, in addition to its peripheral interactions with proteins linked to thrombosis, inflammation and metabolic control.Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2-human protein interactions may lead to the development of delirium, psychosis, seizures, encephalitis, stroke, sensory impairments, peripheral nerve diseases, and autoimmune disorders. Our findings are also supported by the previous in vivo and in vitro studies from other viruses. Further in vivo and in vitro studies using the proteins that are pointed here, could pave new targets both for avoiding and reversing neuropsychiatric presentations.
Peptidoglycan Recognition Peptide 2 Aggravates Weight Loss in a Murine Model of Chemotherapy-Induced Gastrointestinal Toxicity
Authors: Bech Ann-Sophie , Nexoe Anders Bathum , Dubik Magdalena , Moeller Jesper Bonnet , Soerensen Grith Lykke , Holmskov Uffe , Madsen Gunvor Iben , Husby Steffen , Rathe Mathias 
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity (CIGT) is a frequent, severe and dose-limiting side effect. Few treatments have proven effective for CIGT. CIGT is characterized by activation of the nuclear factor kappa B pathway which, leads to upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines. The innate immune protein peptidoglycan recognition peptide 2 (PGLYRP2) binds to and hydrolyzes microbial peptidoglycan. Expression of PGLYRP2 is upregulated in the intestine of chemotherapy-treated piglets. In this experimental study, we investigated the role of Pglyrp2 in the development and severity of murine CIGT.Methods:Pglyrp2 wildtype and Pglyrp2 knockout mice received intraperitoneal injections of chemotherapy (Doxorubicin 20 mg/kg) to induce CIGT. Weight was monitored daily, and animals were euthanized after 2 or 7 days. Expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the jejunum was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase-chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Villus height, crypt depth, and histologic inflammation were evaluated on haematoxylin and eosin stained tissue specimens.Results: Chemotherapeutic treatment induced weight loss (p &lt; 0.05), shortening of the small intestine (p &lt; 0.05), elongation of villus height (p &lt; 0.05), increased crypt depth (p &lt; 0.05), and led to elevated mRNA levels of II1β (p &lt; 0.05), II6 (p &lt; 0.05), and Tnf (p &lt; 0.001) at day 2. Protein levels of IL1β, IL6, and TNFα did not change after exposure to chemotherapy. Doxorubicin treated wildtype mice had a more pronounced weight loss compared to knockout mice from day 3 to day 7 (D3-D6: p &lt; 0.05 and D7: p &lt; 0.01). No other phenotypic differences were detected.Conclusion:Pglyrp2 aggravates chemotherapy-induced weight loss but does not induce a specific pattern of inflammation and morphological changes in the small intestine.
Real-World Verification of Artificial Intelligence Algorithm-Assisted Auscultation of Breath Sounds in Children
Authors: Zhang Jing , Wang Han-Song , Zhou Hong-Yuan , Dong Bin , Zhang Lei , Zhang Fen , Liu Shi-Jian , Wu Yu-Fen , Yuan Shu-Hua , Tang Ming-Yu , Dong Wen-Fang , Lin Jie , Chen Ming , Tong Xing , Zhao Lie-Bin , Yin Yong 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Lung auscultation plays an important role in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm for the detection of breath sounds in a real clinical environment among children with pulmonary diseases.Method: The auscultations of breath sounds were collected in the respiratory department of Shanghai Children's Medical Center (SCMC) by using an electronic stethoscope. The discrimination results for all chest locations with respect to a gold standard (GS) established by 2 experienced pediatric pulmonologists from SCMC and 6 general pediatricians were recorded. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, and F1-score of the AI algorithm and general pediatricians with respect to the GS were evaluated. Meanwhile, the performance of the AI algorithm for different patient ages and recording locations was evaluated.Result: A total of 112 hospitalized children with pulmonary diseases were recruited for the study from May to December 2019. A total of 672 breath sounds were collected, and 627 (93.3%) breath sounds, including 159 crackles (23.1%), 264 wheeze (38.4%), and 264 normal breath sounds (38.4%), were fully analyzed by the AI algorithm. The accuracy of the detection of adventitious breath sounds by the AI algorithm and general pediatricians with respect to the GS were 77.7% and 59.9% (p &lt; 0.001), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score in the detection of crackles and wheeze from the AI algorithm were higher than those from the general pediatricians (crackles 81.1 vs. 47.8%, 94.1 vs. 77.1%, and 80.9 vs. 42.74%, respectively; wheeze 86.4 vs. 82.2%, 83.0 vs. 72.1%, and 80.9 vs. 72.5%, respectively; p &lt; 0.001). Performance varied according to the age of the patient, with patients younger than 12 months yielding the highest accuracy (81.3%, p &lt; 0.001) among the age groups.Conclusion: In a real clinical environment, children's breath sounds were collected and transmitted remotely by an electronic stethoscope; these breath sounds could be recognized by both pediatricians and an AI algorithm. The ability of the AI algorithm to analyze adventitious breath sounds was better than that of the general pediatricians.
Ten-Year Trends in the Use of Oral Anticoagulants in Australian General Practice Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Bezabhe Woldesellassie M. , Bereznicki Luke R. , Radford Jan , Wimmer Barbara C. , Curtain Colin , Salahudeen Mohammed S. , Peterson Gregory M. 
Published: March 2021

Objective: Appropriate use of oral anticoagulants (OACs) reduces the risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The study characterized the prescribing of OACs in people with AF in the Australian primary care setting over 10 years.Design: Retrospective population study.Setting and Participants: We performed 10 sequential cross-sectional analyses of patients with a recorded diagnosis of AF between 2009 and 2018 using national general practice data. The proportion of patients with AF who were prescribed an OAC based on their stroke risk was examined.Primary and secondary outcomes: The primary outcome was the proportion of high stroke risk patients who were prescribed an OAC over a decade. The secondary outcome was variation in OAC prescribing among general practices.Results: The sample size of patients with AF ranged from 9,874 in 2009 to 41,751 in 2018. The proportion who were prescribed an OAC increased from 39.5% (95% CI 38.6–40.5%) in 2009 to 52.0% (95% CI 51.5–52.4%) in 2018 (p for trend &lt; 0.001). During this time, the proportion of patients with AF and high stroke risk who were prescribed an OAC rose from 41.7% (95% CI 40.7–42.8%) to 55.2% (95% CI 54.7–55.8%; p for trend &lt; 0.001) with the direct-acting oral anticoagulants accounting for over three-quarters of usage by 2018. There was substantial variation in OAC prescribing between general practices. In 2018, the proportion of moderate to high stroke risk patients who were prescribed an OAC was 38.6% (95% CI 37.2–40.1%) in the lowest practice site quintiles and 65.6% (95% CI 64.5–66.7%) in the highest practice site quintiles.Conclusions: Over the 10 years, OAC prescribing in high stroke risk patients with AF increased by one-third. There was considerable variation in OAC prescribing between general practices.
Interplay of Biochemical, Genetic, and Immunohistochemical Factors in the Etio-Pathogenesis of Gastric Ulcer in Rats: A Comparative Study of the Effect of Pomegranate Loaded Nanoparticles Versus Pomegranate Peel Extract
Authors: Abd el-Rady Nessren M. , Dahpy Marwa A. , Ahmed Amel , Elgamal Dalia A. , Hadiya Safy , Ahmed Mai A. M. , Sayed Zain El-Abdeen Ahmed , Abdeltawab Doaa , Abdelmohsen Ahmed Shawkat , Farrag Alshaimaa Abdelkhaliq Mohammad , Ashmawy Ahmed M. , Khairallah Marwa K. , Galal Heba M. 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundFew data are available about the role of herbal extract loaded nanoparticles as an alternative safe medicine for the management of a gastric ulcer.AimThis work is targeted at exploring the physiological effects of pomegranate loaded nanoparticles (PLN) against an indomethacin IND-induced gastric ulcer and comparing the results with traditional pomegranate peel extract (PPE).MethodsTwenty-four rats were equally distributed into four groups: control, IND-treated, PLN-treated, and PPE-treated groups. Gross examination of gastric mucosa, and the calculation of ulcer and inhibition indices were done. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-10, gastric homogenate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated. Mucosal endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS mRNA) expression was identified by qPCR. Histological and immuno-histochemical staining of Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and eNOS of stomach mucosa were performed.ResultsIn comparison with the control group, IND-treated rats showed visible multiple ulcers with ulcer index, serum MDA, IL-2 and IL-6 were elevated while IL-10, PGE2, NO, and eNOS mRNA expression were significantly reduced. Damaged surface epithelium with disrupted glandular architecture and heavy leucocyte infiltration of lamina propria was noticed. Immunohistochemical staining of stomach mucosa revealed marked increased TNF-α and reduced eNOS. Oral administration of PLN and PPE succeeded in improving the gross mucosal picture, and all biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical alterations.ConclusionBoth PLN and PPE potently alleviated IND-induced gastric ulceration via increasing TAC, PGE2, NO, eNOS mRNA, and protein expression. However, the healing effect of PLN was obviously greater than PPE-treated rats.
Andalucía vista desde Quebec
Authors: Arregui Natalia 
Published: March 2021

¿Qué evocan Andalucía y en concreto la bellísima Granada en el imaginario de Ultra mar? ¿Qué imágenes reverberan las retinas extranjeras? ¿Y particularmente, la de los quebequenses? En este artículo escucharemos las sensaciones y sentimientos que tienen hacia nuestro país varios autores canadienses.
L’Occident iconoclaste. Contribution à l’histoire du symbolisme
Authors: Durand Gilbert 
Published: March 2021

Reprise d’un article de G. Durand initialement paru en 1963 dans les Cahiers internationaux de symbolisme. L’auteur examine trois périodes de la culture occidentale où l’image et l’imagination ont été dévalorisées au profit de la pensée rationnelle : le conceptualisme aristotélicien déformé par l’averroïsme médiéval, le dogmatisme de l’Église chrétienne d’Occident opposé à l’iconodulie byzantine, le scientisme issu de la pensée de Descartes. L’analyse conduit à une nouvelle théorie du symbole conçu comme pouvoir heuristique des images.
Comment se métisse l’imaginaire ?
Authors: Durand Gilbert 
Published: March 2021

Reprise d’un article initialement paru dans La création sociale, no 6 de 2001, p. 121-139. Aucune « culture humaine » n’est « pure » ni « définitive » ; toute culture est métissée et sans « fin » déterminée. Pour analyser les diverses formes du métissage culturel dans plusieurs civilisations, sept concepts différents (de la pseudomorphose à la pléromorphose) sont ici présentés avec des exemples de leur application aussi bien en Orient qu’en Occident et du Moyen Âge qu’à nos jours.