bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MYD88 L265P mutation and interleukin‐10 detection in cerebrospinal fluid are highly specific discriminating markers in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma: results from a prospective study
Authors: Ferreri Andrés J. M. , Calimeri Teresa , Lopedote Paolo , Francaviglia Ilaria , Daverio Rita , Iacona Chiara , Belloni Cristina , Steffanoni Sara , Gulino Alessandro , Anghileri Elena , Diffidenti Angelo , Finardi Annamaria , Gagliardi Filippo , Anzalone Nicoletta , Nonis Alessandro , Furlan Roberto , De Lorenzo Daniela , Terreni Maria R. , Martinelli Vittorio , Sassone Marianna , Foppoli Marco , Angelillo Piera , Guggiari Elena , Falini Andrea , Mortini Pietro , Filippi Massimo , Tarantino Vittoria , Eoli Marica , Ciceri Fabio , Doglioni Claudio , Tripodo Claudio , Locatelli Massimo , Cangi Maria Giulia , Ponzoni Maurilio 
Published: February 2021

SummaryReliable biomarkers are needed to avoid diagnostic delay and its devastating effects in patients with primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma (PCNSL). We analysed the discriminating sensitivity and specificity of myeloid differentiation primary response (88) (MYD88) L265P mutation (mut‐MYD88) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of both patients with newly diagnosed (n = 36) and relapsed (n = 27) PCNSL and 162 controls (118 CNS disorders and 44 extra‐CNS lymphomas). The concordance of MYD88 mutational status between tumour tissue and CSF sample and the source of ILs in PCNSL tissues were also investigated. Mut‐MYD88 was assessed by TaqMan‐based polymerase chain reaction. IL‐6 and IL‐10 messenger RNA (mRNA) was assessed on PCNSL biopsies using RNAscope technology. IL levels in CSF were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Mut‐MYD88 was detected in 15/17 (88%) PCNSL biopsies, with an 82% concordance in paired tissue‐CSF samples. IL‐10 mRNA was detected in lymphomatous B cells in most PCNSL; expression of IL‐6 transcripts was negligible. In CSF samples, mut‐MYD88 and high IL‐10 levels were detected, respectively, in 72% and 88% of patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL and in 1% of controls; conversely, IL‐6 showed a low discriminating sensitivity and specificity. Combined analysis of MYD88 and IL‐10 exhibits a sensitivity and specificity to distinguish PCNSL of 94% and 98% respectively. Similar figures were recorded in patients with relapsed PCNSL. In conclusion, high detection rates of mut‐MYD88 and IL‐10 in CSF reflect, respectively, the MYD88 mutational status and synthesis of this IL in PCNSL tissue. These biomarkers exhibit a very high sensitivity and specificity in detecting PCNSL both at initial diagnosis and relapse. Implications of these findings in patients with lesions unsuitable for biopsy deserve to be investigated.
Using a residency index to estimate the economic value of coastal habitat provisioning services for commercially important fish species
Authors: McCormick Hannah , Salguero‐Gómez Roberto , Mills Morena , Davis Katrina 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCoastal habitats worldwide face various threats, including sea level rise and land conversion. Coastal habitat loss has important economic consequences, as many of these habitats provide valuable ecosystem services including flood protection, carbon sequestration, and nursery areas for commercially fished species. Quantifying the economic value of these ecosystem services helps target policies for coastal habitat restoration. Here, we demonstrate how to quantify the contribution made by coastal habitats to the revenue (e.g., ex‐vessel values) of commercially fished species by estimating a residency index. This residency index weights the relative importance of a habitat along a species' lifecycle by explicitly incorporating the target species' life histories and the estimated proportion of time the species spends in that habitat at different life stages. We demonstrate how this method can be used to estimate the value of saltmarsh to UK commercial fisheries landings. This analysis suggests that UK saltmarsh contributes annually between 15% and 17.5% of total UK commercial landings for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), European plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), and Common sole (Solea solea). Our findings support an economic argument for saltmarsh protection and restoration. Furthermore, our approach provides a general framework that integrates demographic methods and economic analyses to assess the value of saltmarsh and other coastal habitats for fisheries worldwide.
Outcomes and resource use for liver transplantation in the United States: Insights from the 2009‐2017 National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Aguayo Esteban , Hadaya Joseph , Nakhla Morcos , Williamson Catherine G. , Dobaria Vishal , Mandelbaum Ava , Busuttil Ronald W. , Benharash Peyman , DiNorcia Joseph 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionLiver transplantation (LT) is a life‐saving treatment for end‐stage liver disease patients that requires significant resources. We used national data to evaluate LT outcomes and factors associated with hospital resource use.MethodsUsing the National Inpatient Sample, we identified all patients undergoing LT from 2009 to 2017 and defined high‐resource use (HRU) as having costs ≥ 90th percentile. Hierarchical regression models were used to assess factors associated with length of stay (LOS) and HRU.ResultsOver the study period, approximately 53,000 patients underwent LT, increasing from 5,582 in 2009 to 7,095 in 2017 (nptrend < 0.001). Morbidity and mortality were 42.2% and 3.9%, respectively, with a median post‐LT LOS of 10 days. Hospitalization costs increased from $106,866 to $145,868 (nptrend < 0.001). Acute kidney injury (β:4.7 days, P < .001) and end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) with dialysis (β:4.3 days, P < .001) were associated with greater LOS while the Northeast region (AOR:5.2, P < .001), ESRD with dialysis (AOR:3.4, P < .001), heart failure (AOR:2.5, P < .001), and fulminant liver disease (AOR:1.8, P = .01) were associated with HRU.ConclusionThe cost of LT has increased over time. Renal dysfunction, regional practice patterns, and patient acuity were associated with greater resource use. Transplanting patients before health deterioration may help contain costs, mitigate resource use, and improve LT outcomes.
Metabolic surgery: A clinical update
Authors: Wilson Rickesha , Aminian Ali , Tahrani Abd A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMetabolic and bariatric surgery has grown beyond ‘experimental’ weight‐loss surgery. As techniques have advanced over the last few decades, so has the growing body of research and evidence, proving that both weight‐loss and metabolic health improvement are induced. Metabolic surgery has become the more appropriate term for weight‐loss surgery because of the altered gastrointestinal anatomy and subsequent beneficial metabolic effects. Although the tool of metabolic surgery has been well refined, a large portion of the global population does not have adequate access to it. This clinical update aims to (a) inform healthcare providers from all disciplines about the myriad of benefits of metabolic surgery and (b) equip them with the necessary knowledge to bridge the gap between patients in need of metabolic treatment and the therapies in metabolic surgery available to them.
Aortic valvular stenosis: Novel therapeutic strategies
Authors: Natorska Joanna , Kopytek Magdalena , Undas Anetta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAortic stenosis (AS) prevalence is estimated to reach 4.5 million cases worldwide by the year 2030. AS is a progressive disease without a pharmacological treatment. In the current review, we aimed to investigate novel therapeutic approaches for non‐surgical AS treatment, at least in patients with mild‐to‐moderate AS.Materials and MethodsThe most recent and relevant papers concerned with novel molecular pathways that have potential as therapeutic targets in AS were selected from searches of PubMed and Web of Science up to February 2021.ResultsGrowing evidence indicates that therapies using proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, simvastatin/ezetimibe combination, cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors or antisense oligonucleotides targeting apolipoprotein(a) reduce the risk of AS progression. It has been shown that enhanced valvular lipid oxidation may drive AS development by leading to the activation of valvular interstitial cells (VICs), the most abundant valvular cells having a major contribution to valve calcification. Since VICs are able to release pro‐inflammatory cytokines, clotting factors and proteins involved in calcification, strategies targeting these cell activations seem promising as therapeutic interventions. Recently, non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have been shown to inhibit activation of VICs.ConclusionSeveral novel molecular pathways of AS development have been identified over the past few years. Therapies using PCSK9 inhibitors, simvastatin/ezetimibe combination, lipoprotein(a)‐lowering therapy are highly promising candidates as therapeutics in the prevention of mild AS progression, while preclinical studies show that NOACs may inhibit valvular inflammation and coagulation activation and slower the rate of AS progression.
Cyclic vomiting syndrome: A narrative review and guide to management
Authors: Kovacic Katja , Li B. U. K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectives/BackgroundCyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is a disabling disorder of gut–brain interaction manifested by stereotypical and severe episodes of nausea and vomiting. Prevalence data indicate that CVS affects 1–2% of children and there has been a recent dramatic rise in diagnosed adults.MethodsThis narrative review summarizes relevant literature pertaining to pediatric and adult CVS and provides a guide to management based on extensive clinical experience.ResultsMore timely diagnosis is facilitated by an expert consensus diagnostic approach and limited testing. Some diagnostic tests of exclusion remain essential. These include an upper gastrointestinal (GI) contrast study to exclude intestinal malrotation and basic laboratory screening. An abdominal ultrasound is recommended to exclude renal hydronephrosis in children and biliary disease in adults. Exclusion of metabolic/genetic conditions is warranted in those with specific warning signs, presentation in infants/toddler age, and in those with refractory disease. In the absence of chronic GI symptoms, referral to a GI specialist for upper endoscopy is generally not necessary in children but recommended in adults. A large subset termed migraine‐equivalent CVS display strong clinical and genetic features of migraine. A unifying pathophysiologic core concept involves neuronal hyperexcitability and aberrant central modulation of autonomic signals. This is coupled with multiple susceptibility factors including mitochondrial dysfunction/cellular energy deficits, a hyper‐responsive hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and many comorbidities that increase vulnerability to triggering events. CVS episodes are frequently triggered by stressors and intercurrent illnesses. Lifestyle and non‐pharmacological interventions thus play a pivotal role in successful management. Pharmacological therapies are categorized into abortive, supportive/rescue, and prophylactic treatments. The majority respond particularly well to migraine‐focused treatment strategies.ConclusionDespite improved characterization and understanding, CVS remains classified as a functional disorder of brain–gut interaction that is often disjointly managed by generalists and subspecialists. Early recognition, evaluation, and management will facilitate care and improve outcomes. Further research into its natural history with common progression to migraine headaches, neuroendocrine mechanisms, and the pathophysiologic relation to migraine diathesis is much needed.
The effect of COVID‐19 on lower urinary tract symptoms in elderly men
Authors: Can Osman , Erkoç Mustafa , Ozer Murat , Karakanli Musab Umeyir , Otunctemur Alper 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsThe COVID‐19 pandemic is the most important public health problem in 2020. Millions of people have been infected or died because of the outbreak. We know the common symptoms of the disease such as fever and cough. However, all symptoms and features of COVID‐19 are still were not known. We aimed to evaluate the change in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after COVID‐19 in men.MethodsWe prospectively assessed 94 patients with COVID‐19 during hospitalisation. The patients were divided into two groups according to age, that being over and under age 50. IPSS scores of all patients were enrolled. Additionally, we compared the scores with pre‐COVID‐19 values.ResultsLUTS scores were found to be increased in elderly patients. Additionally, the severity of the disease did not correlate with LUTS scores.ConclusionLUTS may be one of the symptoms of COVID‐19 in some patients. Elderly patients with increased LUTS should be evaluated for COVID‐19 when the reason unclear.
A meta‐analysis of infants’ word‐form recognition
Authors: Carbajal Maria Julia , Peperkamp Sharon , Tsuji Sho 
Published: February 2021

AbstractRecognizing word forms is an important step on infants’ way toward mastering their native language. The present study takes a meta‐analytic approach to assess overarching questions on the literature of early word‐form recognition. Specifically, we investigated the extent to which there is cross‐linguistic evidence for an early recognition lexicon, and how it may be influenced by infant age, language background, and familiarity of the selected stimuli (approximated by parent‐reported word knowledge). Our meta‐analysis—with open data access on metalab.stanford.edu—was based on 32 experiments in 16 different published or unpublished studies on infants 5–15 months of age. We found an overall significant effect of word‐form familiarity on infants’ responses. This effect increased with age and was higher for infants learning Romance languages than other languages. We further found that younger, but not older, infants showed higher effect sizes for more familiar word lists. These insights should help researchers plan future studies on word‐form recognition.
Adipose triglyceride lipase promotes the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells via enhancing the lipolytic pathway
Authors: Yin Haofan , Li Wentao , Mo Laiming , Deng Shaotuan , Lin Weijia , Ma Caiqi , Luo Zhaofan , Luo Chuanghua , Hong Honghai 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAbnormal lipid metabolism is the sign of tumour cells. Previous researches have revealed that the lipolytic pathway may contribute to the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) role in CRC cells remains unclear. Here, we find that elevated ATGL positively correlates with CRC clinical stages and negatively associates with overall survival. Overexpression of ATGL significantly promotes CRC cell proliferation, while knockdown of ATGL inhibits the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of CRC cells in vitro. Moreover, in vivo experiments, ATGL promotes the growth of CRC cells. Mechanistically, ATGL enhances the carcinogenic function of CRC cells via promoting sphingolipid metabolism and CoA biosynthesis pathway‐related gene levels by degrading triglycerides, which provides adequate nutrition for the progression of CRC. Our researches clarify for the first time that ATGL is a novel oncogene in CRC and may provide an important prognostic factor and therapeutic target for CRC.
KDM5A silencing transcriptionally suppresses the FXYD3‐PI3K/AKT axis to inhibit angiogenesis in hepatocellular cancer via miR‐433 up‐regulation
Authors: Ma Yu‐Shui , Wu Ting‐Miao , Qian Bin , Liu Yu‐Shan , Ding Hua , Fan Ming‐Ming , Liu Ji‐Bin , Yu Fei , Wang Hui‐Min , Shi Yi , Gu Li‐Peng , Li Liu , Tian Lin‐Lin , Wang Pei‐Yao , Wang Gao‐Ren , Wu Zhi‐Jun , Zou Qi‐Fei , Ling Chang‐Chun , Fu Da 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHepatocellular cancer (HCC) has been reported to belong to one of the highly vascularized solid tumours accompanied with angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). KDM5A, an attractive drug target, plays a critical role in diverse physiological processes. Thus, this study aims to investigate its role in angiogenesis and underlying mechanisms in HCC. ChIP‐qPCR was utilized to validate enrichment of H3K4me3 and KDM5A on the promotor region of miR‐433, while dual luciferase assay was carried out to confirm the targeting relationship between miR‐433 and FXYD3. Scratch assay, transwell assay, Edu assay, pseudo‐tube formation assay and mice with xenografted tumours were conducted to investigate the physiological function of KDM5A‐miR‐433‐FXYD3‐PI3K‐AKT axis in the progression of HCC after loss‐ and gain‐function assays. KDM5A p‐p85 and p‐AKT were highly expressed but miR‐433 was down‐regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Depletion of KDM5A led to reduced migrative, invasive and proliferative capacities in HCC cells, including growth and a lowered HUVEC angiogenic capacity in vitro. Furthermore, KDM5A suppressed the expression of miR‐433 by demethylating H3K4me3 on its promoterregion. miR‐433 negatively targeted FXYD3. Depleting miR‐433 or re‐expressing FXYD3 restores the reduced migrative, invasive and proliferative capacities, and lowers the HUVEC angiogenic capacity caused by silencing KDM5A. Therefore, KDM5A silencing significantly suppresses HCC tumorigenesis in vivo, accompanied with down‐regulated miR‐433 and up‐regulated FXYD3‐PI3K‐AKT axis in tumour tissues. Lastly, KDM5A activates the FXYD3‐PI3K‐AKT axis to enhance angiogenesis in HCC by suppressing miR‐433.
Effect of homogenization and microfluidization on physicochemical and rheological properties of mayonnaise
Authors: Kadian Drishti , Kumar Anit , Badgujar Prarabdh C. , Sehrawat Rachna 
Published: February 2021

AbstractApplication of both homogenization and microfluidization offer remarkable reformations in the structures of food. In this research, the outcome of the homogenization and microfluidization on the emulsion of mayonnaise and resultantly on the rheological and sensory attributes of the mayonnaise was evaluated and compared. Implementation of individual processes was analyzed with regard to rheological properties and physicochemical parameters by preparing samples with and without addition of stabilizers. Mayonnaise samples showed thixotropic behavior and then categorized as shear thinning (Pseudoplastic liquid) showing yield stress. Irrespective of sample testing parameters such as different temperatures and shear rates, all samples revealed shear thinning characteristics. The viscosity of microfluidized sample with or without stabilizer was significantly increased (p < .05) as judged against the homogenized sample at both temperatures (20°C and 40°C). The storage modulus of all samples was higher as compared with the loss modulus which shows elastic nature of the mayonnaise. Power law and Weltman model were studied to explain the rheological behavior of the mayonnaise and both models were found best suited. Experimental values illustrated through attempted models very well contribute to future studies on the product and process development. As per the current literature, microfluidization can be used to achieve quick mayonnaise emulsion with better rheological characteristics and hence superior sensosry attributes.Practical ApplicationsStabilizers play a critical role in the development of mayonnaise as an additive or constituent. The present study reveals that high‐pressure homogenization (microfluidization) can be exploited to enhance rheological, physical, and chemical properties of the mayonnaise by influencing interaction between fat (oil) and gums (polysaccharides), eventually increasing viscosity. The quality of mayonnaise is usually judged by its techno‐functional and sensory attributes such as spreadability, mouthfeel, appearance, and flavor. However, spreadability and mouthfeel are two predominant attributes that largely affects acceptability of mayonnaise. Microfluidization, when applied to the mayonnaise resulted in improving spreadiability as well as mouthfeel over conventional method, that is, homogenization. Despite the fact that microfluidizer is used for the emulsion formation, stabilizers are found to be inextricable in mayonnaise preparation.
Frailty and comorbidity in predicting community COVID‐19 mortality in the U.K. Biobank: The effect of sampling
Authors: Mak Jonathan K. L. , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Wang Yunzhang , Hägg Sara , Jylhävä Juulia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesFrailty has been linked to increased risk of COVID‐19 mortality, but evidence is mainly limited to hospitalized older individuals. This study aimed to assess and compare predictive abilities of different frailty and comorbidity measures for COVID‐19 mortality in a community sample and COVID‐19 inpatients.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsWe analyzed (i) the full sample of 410,199 U.K. Biobank participants in England, aged 49–86 years, and (ii) a subsample of 2812 COVID‐19 inpatients with COVID‐19 data from March 1 to November 30, 2020.MeasurementsFrailty was defined using the physical frailty phenotype (PFP), frailty index (FI), and Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS), and comorbidity using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). PFP and FI were available at baseline, whereas HFRS and CCI were assessed both at baseline and concurrently with the start of the pandemic. Inpatient COVID‐19 cases were confirmed by PCR and/or hospital records. COVID‐19 mortality was ascertained from death registers.ResultsOverall, 514 individuals died of COVID‐19. In the full sample, all frailty and comorbidity measures were associated with higher COVID‐19 mortality risk after adjusting for age and sex. However, the associations were stronger for the concurrent versus baseline HFRS and CCI, with odds ratios of 20.40 (95% confidence interval = 16.24–25.63) comparing high (>15) to low (<5) concurrent HFRS risk category and 1.53 (1.48–1.59) per point increase in concurrent CCI. Moreover, only the concurrent HFRS or CCI significantly improved predictive ability of a model including age and sex, yielding areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) >0.8. When restricting analyses to COVID‐19 inpatients, similar improvement in AUC was not observed.ConclusionHFRS and CCI constructed from medical records concurrent with the start of the pandemic can be used in COVID‐19 mortality risk stratification at the population level, but they show limited added value in COVID‐19 inpatients.
Can Optimism be a Remedy for Present Bias?
Authors: KANG MINWOOK , YE LEI SANDY 
Published: February 2021

AbstractUnder economies with hyperbolic preferences, vast research has investigated welfare‐improving tax policies to resolve capital misallocation issues. In this paper, we suggests an alternative channel to overcome a form of this issue associated with consumer's present bias—optimism, as defined by overexpectation of future productivity. We show that even though optimism negatively impacts consumers under normal circumstances, a moderate level of it can be beneficial when consumers have hyperbolic preferences. On the other hand, pessimism always negatively impacts consumer welfare. A steady‐state analysis shows that the quantitative impact of optimism on welfare can be sizable.