bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Literature Review: Elements and Criteria Methodology of Enterprise Architecture for E-Government
Authors: Puspitaningrum Ari Cahaya 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnterprise Architecture (EA) has become a major requirement for organizations to addresses business, data, infrastructure, and information systems. EA Implementation in the government is considered very important to improve the efficiency of electronic-based services. The documentation process is challenging and is often seen as very time consuming, error-prone, and requires the collection of quality data. To create a successful, it requires to emphasize the aspects of EA development properly to prevent failure of the documentation. So, this study aims to identify the aspects of how to develop EA for e-government. The method of this study was literature review of 30 previous studies that related with the topic. Thus, this study analyzed and synthesized the studies and it can be mapped into 2 categories. The mapping consists of 1) elements and 2) criteria methodology of EA development for e-government. The findings are 23 and 11 criteria methodology of development for e-government. This study also provides some reference for further research and also provides insight into EA development for e-government that will be used by practitioners.Keywords: enterprise architecture, e-Government, e-Government EA, EA methodology AbstrakArsitektur perusahaan telah menjadi kebutuhan utama bagi organisasi untuk mengembangkan bisnis, data, infrastruktur, dan sistem informasi. Penerapan arsitektur perusahaan di pemerintahan dinilai sangat penting untuk meningkatkan efisiensi layanan berbasis elektronik. Proses dokumentasi cukup menantang dan sering kali dianggap sangat memakan waktu, rawan kesalahan, dan memerlukan pengumpulan data yang berkualitas. Untuk menciptakan kesuksesan, perlu adanya penekanan pada aspek pengembangan arsitektur perusahaan dengan baik untuk mencegah kegagalan pendokumentasian. Jadi, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi aspek bagaimana mengembangkan arsitektur perusahaan untuk e-government. Metode penelitian ini adalah studi pustaka dari 30 penelitian sebelumnya yang berhubungan dengan topik. Dengan demikian, studi ini menganalisis dan mensintesis studi tersebut dan dapat dipetakan menjadi 2 kategori. Pemetaan terdiri dari 1) elemen dan 2) metodologi kriteria pengembangan arsitektur perusahaan untuk e-government. Temuan tersebut adalah 23 dan 11 kriteria metodologi pengembangan e-government. Studi ini juga memberikan beberapa referensi untuk penelitian selanjutnya dan juga memberikan wawasan tentang pengembangan arsitektur perusahaan untuk e-government yang akan digunakan oleh para praktisi.Kata Kunci: arsitektur perusahaan, arsitektur perusahaan e-Government, e-Government, metodologi arsitektur perusahaan
BLENDED LEARNING ENGAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: A DIFFERENTIAL ITEM FUNCTIONING ANALYSIS OF STUDENTSâ€™ BACKGROUNDS
Authors: Adams Donnie , Tan Mabel Hwee Joo , Sumintono Bambang , Oh Siew Pei 
Published: February 2021

Purpose â€“ Digital technology has transformed teaching and learning in such a way that it seems imperative lecturers and institutions need to adapt and adopt a blended learning model of instruction across disciplines. However, there is a scarcity of studies to determine the degree of studentsâ€™ engagement on blended or online university courses. The purpose of the study is to investigate studentsâ€™ cognitive engagement, emotional engagement, and behavioural engagement in a blended learning model of instruction as well as specifically assess their engagement based on demographic factors such as age, gender, field of study, ethnicity, and type of institution in leading Malaysian public and private higher education institutions. Methodology â€“ A non-experimental quantitative research design was employed in this study. 462 undergraduate and postgraduate students were sampled using the Blended Learning Readiness Engagement QuestionnaireÂ©. Subsequently, WINSTEPS Rasch model measurement software was used to determine the reliability and validity of the research instrument. Descriptive statistics and differential item functioning (DIF) were conducted to assess studentsâ€™ engagement in a blended learning model of instruction with the latter analysing specifically on studentâ€™s demographic factors such as age, gender, field of study, ethnicity, and type of institution. Findings â€“ Findings show high levels of engagement in blended learning activities among students in both public and private higher education institutions based on their cognitive, emotional, and behavioural engagement processes. Findings also indicates differences in studentsâ€™ engagement based on demographic factors such as age, gender, field of study, ethnicity, and type of institution. Significance â€“The findings of this study will help lecturers reflect on their own teaching practices in this era of technology advancement where a blended learning model of instruction are given increased prioritisation and proliferation. Implications and recommendations for future research in blended learning practices are presented.
Geological Structure of the Sylmar Basin: Implications for Slip Distribution Along the Santa Susana/Hospital and Mission Hills Fault System in the San Fernando Valley, CA, U.S.A.
Authors: Levy Yuval , Rockwell Thomas , Minas Shant , Hughes Alex , Rood Dylan 
Published: February 2021

We developed a forward model using the Trishear module in MOVE to better understand the structure of the northwestern San Fernando Valley and the relationship among the Santa Susana, Hospital, Mission Hills and Northridge Hills faults. This study was motivated by the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and previous work that inferred a high slip rate on the Santa Susana fault, which is in apparent contrast to the lack of significant geomorphic expression of the fault in the Sylmar Basin region. We trenched the Mission Hills anticline from the crest to the base of slope and demonstrate that the Mission Hills anticline is an actively growing fault propagation fold. The associated thrust tip is either deeper than 15 m or sufficiently far to the south that the fault was not encountered in large diameter borings, but the minimum structural relief across the Mission Hills fault since the late Pleistocene is on the order of 37 m, suggesting a minimum uplift rate of 0.5 mm/yr. Our work presents a structural analysis that demonstrates how the Santa Susana fault system evolved in time, with the frontal thrust progressively migrating southward to the Mission Hills fault, and farther south to the Northridge Hills blind thrust. The progression of faulting towards the direction of vergence is compatible with the observed thrust front migration in the western Transverse Ranges of California, and other trust belts around the world.
A Sensitive Plasma Insulin Immunoassay to Establish the Diagnosis of Congenital Hyperinsulinism
Authors: Siersbæk Julie , Larsen Annette Rønholt , Nybo Mads , Christesen Henrik Thybo 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe diagnosis of congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) may be hampered by a plasma (p-) insulin detection limit of 12–18 pmol/L (2–3 mU/L).ObjectiveTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of a sensitive insulin immunoassay and to find the optimal p-insulin cut-off for the diagnosis of CHI.MethodsDiagnostic fasting tests, performed without medication or i.v.-glucose, were investigated in children with a clinical diagnosis of CHI, or idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia (IKH). The CHI diagnosis was either clinical or by the alternative, p-insulin-free criteria; hypoglycemia plus disease-causing genetic mutations and/or CHI-compatible pancreatic histopathology. We included diagnostic p-insulin samples with simultaneous p-glucose &lt;3.2 mmol/L and used a sensitive insulin assay (Cobas e411 immunoassay analyzer; lower detection limit 1.2 pmol/L; normal range 15.1–147.1 pmol/L). Receiver operating characteristics area under the curve (ROC AUC) values and optimal cut-offs were analyzed for the performance of p-insulin to diagnose CHI.ResultsIn 61 CHI patients, the median (range) p-insulin was 76.5 (17–644) pmol/L compared to 1.5 (1.5–7.7) pmol/L in IKH patients (n=15). The ROC AUC was 1.0 for the diagnosis of CHI defined both by the clinical diagnosis (n=61) and by alternative criteria (n=57). The optimal p-insulin cut-offs were 12.3 pmol/L, and 10.6 pmol/L, at p-glucose &lt;3.2 mmol/L (n=61), and &lt;3.0 mmol/L (n=49), respectively.ConclusionsThe sensitive insulin assay performed excellent in diagnosing CHI with optimal p-insulin cut-offs at 12.3 pmol/L (2.0 mU/L), and 10.6 pmol/L (1.8 mU/L), at p-glucose &lt;3.2 mmol/L, and &lt;3.0 mmol/L, respectively. A sensitive insulin assay may serve to simplify the diagnosis of CHI.
Clinical Heterogeneity of Acquired Idiopathic Isolated Adrenocorticotropic Hormone Deficiency
Authors: Fujita Yasunori , Bando Hironori , Iguchi Genzo , Iida Keiji , Nishizawa Hitoshi , Kanie Keitaro , Yoshida Kenichi , Matsumoto Ryusaku , Suda Kentaro , Fukuoka Hidenori , Ogawa Wataru , Takahashi Yutaka 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveHeterogeneous clinical characteristics are observed in acquired isolated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency (IAD); however, its classification remains to be established because of its largely unknown pathophysiology. In IAD, anti-pituitary antibodies have been detected in some patients, although their significance remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to classify patients with IAD and to clarify the significance of anti-pituitary antibodies.Design and MethodsWe analyzed 46 consecutive patients with IAD. Serum anti-pituitary antibodies were analyzed via immunofluorescence staining using a mouse pituitary tissue. Principal component and cluster analyses were performed to classify IAD patients based on clinical characteristics and autoantibodies.ResultsImmunofluorescence analysis using the sera revealed that 58% of patients showed anti-corticotroph antibodies and 6% of patients showed anti-follicular stellate cell (FSC) antibodies. Principal component analysis demonstrated that three parameters could explain 70% of the patients. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed three clusters: Groups A and B comprised patients who were positive for anti-corticotroph antibodies, and plasma ACTH levels were extremely low. Groups A and B comprised middle-aged or elderly men and middle-aged women, respectively. Group C comprised patients who were positive for the anti-FSC antibody and elderly men; plasma ACTH levels were relatively high.ConclusionsPatients with IAD were classified into three groups based on clinical characteristics and autoantibodies. The presence of anti-corticotroph antibody suggested severe injury to corticotrophs. This new classification clearly demonstrated the heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of IAD.
STAT3 Silencing and TLR7/8 Pathway Activation Repolarize and Suppress Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells From Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Safarzadeh Elham , Mohammadi Ali , Mansoori Behzad , Duijf Pascal H. G. , Hashemzadeh Shahryar , Khaze Vahid , Kazemi Tohid , Derakhshani Afshin , Silvestris Nicola , Baradaran Behzad 
Published: February 2021

Cancer cells escape immune destruction. From this perspective, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), which are immunosuppressive in various cancers including breast cancer (BC), are significant. However, the precise mechanisms are unknown. We isolated HLA-DR-CD33+ MDSCs and CD3+ T cells from BC patients’ peripheral blood and healthy donors through MACS and immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. Transfection of short-interfering RNAs and treatment with a TLR7/8 agonist altered pathway activities in vitro. Gene expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Our findings showed an association between the progression of BC and increased levels of circulating HLA-DR-CD33+ MDSCs. These cells strongly suppress both autologous and analogous CD3+ T cell proliferation and enter the tumor microenvironment. We also identified increased STAT3 signaling and increased IDO and IL-10 expression in BC-derived MDSCs as immunosuppression mechanisms. Further, STAT3 inhibition and TLR7/8 pathway stimulation reduce the immunosuppressive activity of patient-derived MDSCs on T cells by inducing MDSC repolarization and differentiation into mature myeloid cells. This also alters the expression of critical cytokines and transcription factors in CD3+ T cells and, importantly, reduces breast cancer cells’ proliferation. Finally, while chemotherapy is able to significantly reduce circulating MDSCs’ level in patients with breast cancer, these MDSCs remained highly T cell-suppressive. We identified a novel molecular mechanism of MDSC-mediated immunosuppression. STAT3 inhibition and TLR7/8 pathway stimulation in MDSCs repolarize and suppress MDSCs from breast cancer patients. This offers new opportunities for BC immunotherapy.
Correlation Between Immune Lymphoid Cells and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Human Colon Cancer
Authors: Wu Jing , Cheng Hang , Wang Helei , Zang Guoxia , Qi Lingli , Lv Xinping , Liu Chunyan , Zhu Shan , Zhang Mingyou , Cui Jiuwei , Ueno Hideki , Liu Yong-Jun , Suo Jian , Chen Jingtao 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundInnate lymphoid cells (ILCs), so far studied mostly in mouse models, are important tissue-resident innate immune cells that play important roles in the colorectal cancer microenvironment and maintain mucosal tissue homeostasis. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) present complexity in various tumor types and are correlated with poor prognosis. pDCs can promote HIV-1–induced group 3 ILC (ILC3) depletion through the CD95 pathway. However, the role of ILC3s in human colon cancer and their correlation with other immune cells, especially pDCs, remain unclear.MethodsWe characterized ILCs and pDCs in the tumor microenvironment of 58 colon cancer patients by flow cytometry and selected three patients for RNA sequencing.ResultsILC3s were negatively correlated, and pDCs were positively correlated, with cancer pathological stage. There was a negative correlation between the numbers of ILC3s and pDCs in tumor tissues. RNA sequencing confirmed the correlations between ILC3s and pDCs and highlighted the potential function of many ILC- and pDC-associated differentially expressed genes in the regulation of tumor immunity. pDCs can induce apoptosis of ILC3s through the CD95 pathway in the tumor-like microenvironment.ConclusionsOne of the interactions between ILC3s and pDCs is via the CD95 pathway, which may help explain the role of ILC3s in colon cancer.
Initial Method for Characterization of Tympanic Membrane Drug Permeability in Human Temporal Bones In Situ
Authors: Early Samuel , Yang Rong , Li Xiyu , Zhang Zipei , van der Valk Jens C. , Ma Xiaojie , Kohane Daniel S. , Stankovic Konstantina M. 
Published: February 2021

Background and Introduction: Acute otitis media is the most common reason for a visit to the pediatrician, often requiring systemic administration of oral antibiotics. Local drug therapy applied to the middle ear could avoid side effects associated with systemic antibiotic administration, however in the majority of patients this would require drugs to diffuse across an intact tympanic membrane. Experimental methods for testing trans-tympanic drug flux in human tissues in situ would be highly valuable to guide drug therapy development for local drug delivery to the middle ear.Materials and Methods: A total of 30 cadaveric human temporal bones were characterized by trans-tympanic impedance testing to determine how steps in tissue processing and storage might impact intactness of the tympanic membrane and thus suitability for use in studies of trans-tympanic drug flux. Ciprofloxacin drug solutions of varying concentrations were then applied to the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane in eight samples, and middle ear aspirate was collected over the following 48 h to evaluate trans-tympanic flux to the middle ear.Results: Tissue processing steps that involved extensive tissue manipulation were consistently associated with evidence of microperforations in the tympanic membrane tissue. Maintaining the tympanic membrane in situ within the temporal bone, while using an otologic drill to obtain transmastoid access to the middle ear, was demonstrated as a reliable, non-damaging technique for accessing both lateral and medial surfaces for trans-tympanic flux testing. Results in these bones demonstrated trans-tympanic flux of ciprofloxacin when administered at sufficiently high concentration.Discussion and Conclusion: The study describes key techniques and best practices, as well as pitfalls to avoid, in the development of a model for studying trans-tympanic drug flux in human temporal bones in situ. This model can be a valuable research tool in advancing progress toward eventual clinical studies for trans-tympanic drug delivery to the middle ear.
Incidental Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings and the Cognitive and Motor Performance in the Elderly: The Shanghai Changfeng Study
Authors: Wang Liangqi , Lin Huandong , Peng Yifeng , Zhao Zehua , Chen Lingyan , Wu Li , Liu Ting , Li Jing , Liu Anna , Lo Chun-Yi Zac , Gao Xin 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundThe frequently discovered incidental findings (IFs) from imaging observations are increasing. The IFs show the potential clues of structural abnormalities underlying cognitive decline in elders. Detecting brain IFs and their relationship with cognitive and behavioral functions helps provide the information for clinical strategies.MethodsFive hundred and seventy-nine participants were recruited in the Shanghai Changfeng Study. All participants performed the demographic, biochemical, and cognitive functions and gait speed assessment and underwent the high-resolution multimodal magnetic resonance imaging scans. We calculated the detection rate of brain IFs. The association between cardiovascular risk factors and IFs and the associations between IFs and cognitive and motor functions were assessed using regression models. The relationships among gray matter volume, cognitive function, and gait speed were assessed with/without adjusting the IFs to evaluate the effects of potential IFs confounders.ResultsIFs were found in a total of 578 subjects with a detection rate of 99.8%. Age and blood pressure were the most significant cardiovascular risk factors correlated with IFs. IFs were found to be negatively associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Mini-Mental State Examination, and gait speed. The gray matter volume was found to be positively correlated with the cognitive function without adjusting the white matter hyperintensity but not if adjusted.ConclusionIFs are commonly found in the elderly population and related to brain functions. The adequate intervention of IFs related cardiovascular risk factors that may slow down the progression of brain function decline. We also suggest that IFs should be considered as confounding factors that may affect cognitive issues on the structural neuroimaging researches in aging or diseases.
Concordance of PD-L1 Status Between Image-Guided Percutaneous Biopsies and Matched Surgical Specimen in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhao Liang , Chen Peiqiong , Fu Kaili , Li Jinluan , Dai Yaqing , Wang Yuhuan , Zhuang Yanzhen , Sun Long , Chen Haojun , Lin Qin 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveProgrammed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression status is a crucial index for identifying patients who will benefit from anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the concordance of Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) between biopsies and matched surgical specimens remains controversial. This study aims to evaluate the concordance of PD-L1 expression between image-guided percutaneous biopsies and matched surgical specimens.MethodWe evaluated 157 patients diagnosed with operable NSCLC on both surgical tissue sections and matched lung biopsies retrospectively. The patients underwent either regular computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy (n = 82) or positron emission tomography (PET)/CT-guided biopsy (n = 75). The concordance between surgical specimens and lung biopsies for PD-L1 TPS was evaluated using Cohen’s kappa (κ) coefficient.ResultsImmunohistochemical expression of PD-L1 was evaluated in both surgical resected specimens and matched biopsies in the eligible 138 patients. The concordance rate of PD-L1 expression between surgical tissue sections and matched biopsies was fairly high at 84.1% (116/138), and the κ value was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.63–0.83, P &lt; 0.001). The concordance rate was higher for tissue sections from PET/CT-guided biopsy than for tissue sections from CT-guided biopsy [88.6% (62/70, κ value: 0.81) vs 79.4% (54/68, κ value: 0.66)].ConclusionPD-L1 TPS was strongly concordant between surgical specimens and matched lung biopsies. Thus, the routine evaluation of PD-L1 expression in diagnostic percutaneous biopsies could be reliable for identifying patients who will benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.
Does Homeostatic Sleep Pressure Buildup Explain Objective Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Adults With ADHD? An Exploratory Study
Authors: Bioulac Stéphanie , Sagaspe Patricia , Tron Eléonore , Benard Antoine , Berthomier Christian , Brandewinder Marie , Philip Pierre , Taillard Jacques 
Published: February 2021

Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is central in Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) but its causes remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore objective EDS and homeostatic sleep pressure buildup, evaluated by power theta–alpha frequency (PTAF), in drug-free sleepy adults with ADHD and controls.Methods: Participants were placed during a 36-h period of extended wakefulness under constant routine protocol to strictly control sleep time, sleep duration, and circadian zeitgebers.Results: Eight drug-free sleepy patients with ADHD and 7 matched controls were included. The ADHD group had significantly shorter sleep latency on the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT) throughout extended wakefulness than the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups in PTAF evolution during extended wakefulness and in kinetic sleep pressure buildup, evaluated by the time constant of saturating exponential function.Limitations: The sample was small, so the findings cannot be generalized. Moreover, psychiatric comorbidities and circadian regulation should be taken into account in future studies.Conclusion: In very controlled conditions, mean sleep latency on the MWT during the whole extended wakefulness was significantly shorter in sleepy patients with ADHD than in control subjects. However, the difficulty to remain awake during soporific circumstances observed in these patients with ADHD cannot be explained by changes in the kinetic of sleep pressure buildup.Clinical Trials Registration:www.clinicaltrials.gov/, Identifier: NCT02217371.