bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model based simulation of a CVT variator to analyse the slip characteristics of the CVT belt
Authors: Nishanth A , Nanthakumar P , Lakshmikanthan C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With the increase in utilization of Continuously Variable Transmission, more research has been done in areas pertaining to improving the efficiency of the Continuously Variable Transmission. While it provides a continuous gear ratio for the vehicle to work in, the overall efficiency is lesser than in a Manual or Automatic Transmission. The decrease in the efficiency is mainly due to the variator and the hydraulic losses. While hydraulic losses can be reduced by using electro-hydraulic control systems, the variator losses are primarily caused by the high camping forces required for the transfer of the engine torque. Controlling the clamping forces can improve the efficiency of the Continuously Variable Transmission and reduce the slip experienced by the system. Analysis of control strategies to reduce the clamping forces and improve the slip characteristics are the primary objectives of this paper. The study looks into the change in the transmission efficiency with respect to the change in slip percentage experienced by the belt. A mathematical model is designed in SIMULINK based on the equations governing the functioning of a Continuously Variable Transmission. The results of the theoretical belt slip and the belt slip due to change in dynamics is compared and the effects of the change in torque and clamping forces are also discussed. Using this, a control strategy is developed to improve the power transmission efficiency of the model.
Optimal Recharging of EVs for Peak Power Shaving and Valley Filling using EV-Aggregator model in a Micro-grid
Authors: Padhi Chinmaya Kumar , Panda Sweta , Biswal Gyan Ranjan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This work presents an optimal recharging strategy for Electric vehicles (EVs) using Quadratic Programming (QP) to flatten the peak power demand on the utility. The increase in penetration of EVs in distribution systems causes a significant increase in peak power demand due to synchronization between the peak load hours and EV charging period. The optimization technique aims to assess the effects of optimal scheduling considering the initial State-of-charge (SOC) level, Demand Side Management (DSM) functionalities that meet both the grid and EV owners’ requirements. The feasibility of the scheme is verified with two case studies using different aggregator units and the effect on the system is analyzed by determining the load demands from local utilities and EVs. The aggregator units collect data from EV users with common interests such as EV battery specification, Battery SOC, recharging period and mediate with utility operators such as Transmission system operator (TSO), Distribution system operator (DSO). Further, other parameters such as peak power reduction, peak-to-average ratio (PAR), standard deviation, and peak-to-valley differences are also compared to test the effectiveness of the implemented optimization technique. The outcomes of the study show that using load demand profile and optimal rescheduling using aggregated EVs can flatten the load curve for the utility and lower the demand charges for the end-users.
Breaking the walls of classroom through Micro learning : Short burst of learning
Authors: Dixit R K , Yalagi P S , Nirgude M A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To avoid spread of novel corona virus, in the second week of March, state government advised to close schools & colleges till further announcement. There was no certainty about reopening. This was a decisive time for the education sector to switch from physical classroom teaching to online classroom teaching. The primary objective of our institute was continuous learning and facilitates teaching-learning process through online teaching. It is an observation that few courses are found to be difficult for students even in physical classrooms and teacher need to employ different active learning strategies to make class active & engaged. Thus same issue was found in online teaching. Therefore we employed micro learning strategy for the course Theory of computation at S.Y. B.Tech.(Computer Science & Engineering). “Micro learning is a holistic approach for skill based learning and education which deals with relatively small learning units.[1]” In this approach, micro level activities were designed, each activity containing a series of short videos, quiz & assignments. Thus we have designed 25 micro level activities for 2 units covering 25% curriculum. Flipped classroom is used as instructional strategy while implementing micro learning. These activities helped to engage students and keep active even in online environment. Tests conducted at the end of topic and perception survey showed that students enjoyed while learning.
Performance evaluation of tracking NavIC L5 signals under scintillation conditions
Authors: Manjula T R , Raju G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ionosphere scintillation causes rapid and abrupt fluctuations in the intensity and phase of the signal due to the ionosphere irregularities. It is proved to be detrimental to the effective functioning of navigation systems. The reliability and integrity of GNSS system is dependent on the performance of signal tracking loops of the GNSS receivers which are adversely affected during scintillation. The study presents the analysis of the impact of scintillation on the receiver performance particularly carrier tracking loops which may provide cues of handling scintillation signals and overcome its drastic influence on the receiver functioning. The performance of the carrier tracking loop under scintillation is analysed and evaluated in terms of signal locking ability, correlator power, carrier to noise ratio and tracking error. The methodology involves generating simulated scintillation signals based on statistical model and modulating the real NavIC L5 signals with simulated scintillations to generate scintillated signal to test the performance of the software implemented carrier tracking loop. The study concludes with possible strategies such as adaptable loop bandwidth and extending integration time to subdue scintillation effects on receiver performance.
Design of C band antenna downlink system for monitoring Sentinel 1A signals on ground surface
Authors: Manjula T R , Asha K S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The C band microwave signals are widely used for Earth observation in the field of remote sensing by using synthetic aperture radar sensor. The coverage of Indian regions by Sentinel 1A SAR sensor in interoferometric wide swath mode, provide an opportunity to research and conduct studies in remote sensing areas from urban planning to disaster management applications. The sensor acquired images undergo calibration test to confirm the quality requirements. The foremost significant step to ensure the availability of the signal of Sentinel 1A on the ground surface is by designing a antenna system which tracks and monitor the signal strength. In this context, the following stages are significant in signal monitoring system: satellite downlink budget calculation to ensure minimum signal strength, designing and configuring antenna system to receive the signals and measurement system such as spectrum analyser to monitor the signal strength. The paper presents the mathematical analysis of designing a down link for receiving Sentinel-1A SAR signals. An antenna subsystem is implemented which includes the design of the parabola antenna with horn feed and the simulation of the same using Matlab platform to confirm antenna parameters such as gain, directivity, VSWR and beam-width which meets the practical requirements
Vibration Characteristics of Graphene nano resonator as mass sensor
Authors: Desai S H , Pandya A A , Panchal M B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The decrease in the physical dimensions of the devices have sought the attention of research community due to quick response, high sensitivity and sturdiness of the devices. These devices in the form of nano resonators have been extensively used as sensors to detect the entity at submicron level as well as to identify the properties of matter at submicron level. With the process like chemical vapour deposition, lithography technique as well as mechanical exfoliation techniques, it has become possible to produce materials which are 2D in nature. The excellent mechanical and electrical properties of graphene as well as its complete plain geometry advocate it as an ideal material for the development of sensors used for identifying the object at nano level. Here an attempt is made to analyse the vibration characterization of graphene resonator in the form of membrane to understand the shift in the frequency by adsorbing the mass and change in the temperature. The tobacco mosaic virus is considered as a mass adsorbed onto the graphene nano ribbon based membrane. Along with the adsorption of the mass, the effect of variation in temperature is also introduced to observe the shift in the natural frequency of the graphene membrane based resonator.
Predictors of Whole-Body Vibration Exposure among Indian Bus and Truck Drivers
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Sharma Rohit , Kumar Vikas , Khan Abid Ali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Heavy vehicle drivers in the Indian road transport industry are generally exposed to whole-body vibration (WBV) and shock loading resulting in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in their different body parts. Not much work has been done in identifying the contribution of driver’s personal and vehicle/road-related factors in the enhancement of vibration and shock exposure. This study has been conducted on 10 bus and 10 truck drivers from Northern India to investigate the role of these factors. Based on previous studies, the factors or predictor variables included were driver’s age, body mass index (BMI), driving experience, age of vehicle, mileage, age of tyres, and seat pad thickness. 8-hours vector sum acceleration, i.e., (A(8)s) and vibration dose value, i.e., ( VDV(8)s) of 25% of the drivers were found to be more than upper limit values of ISO 2631-1. The WBV exposure magnitudes of acceleration and vibration dose value were much higher along the vertical z-axis than along the longitudinal x-axis and lateral y-axis. The results of univariate linear regression analysis found both vibrations and shocks to be related to the driver’s age, body mass index (BMI), driving experience, vehicle speed, and road roughness. Similar types of results were observed from multiple regression analyses with the only exception that no association was found between BMI and WBV exposure in this case. The results of the study may help the authorities in minimising the risks associated with the driver’s profession.
Design and Operation of Fuzzy Logic Based MPPT Controller under Uncertain Condition
Authors: Narwat Lalit Kumar , Dhillon Javed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Maximum power point tracking System (MPPT) is so important in PV systems to increase the efficiency of solar cells. So many methods are proposed to generate the maximum voltage from PV modules under different weather conditions. This paper proposed an intelligent method for maximum power point tracking using the P & O algorithm. The model contains a PV module connected to DC to DC boost converter. The PV System is tested under disturbance in the solar irradiation and temperature level. The simulation results show the maximum power tracker could track the maximum power accurately and successfully in all conditions tested. Comparison of various working parameters such as: tracking efficiency and response time of the system shows that the proposed method gives higher efficiency and better performance than the conventional perturbation and observation method. The voltage, current, and power of the Module can be measured through the P&O Method. The Fuzzy logic based Mppt controller is proposed in this method to increase the voltage Pv module. The proposed method used the fuzzy logic-based controlled (FLC) to initiate the control command to the output buck-boost converter as there is a change in the voltage and current across the PV panel. The modeling of the FLC-based MPPT controller is done for the PV module with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK.
PyPSA: Open Source Python Tool for Load Flow Study
Authors: Sharma Rishav , Dhillon Javed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
PyPSA is a Python-based open-source tool used for load flow analysis in the power system. PyPSA (Python for load flow analysis) is a leading tool, which is convenient for simulation and optimization of the power system network. It is a free software which regulates parametric valuation along with multi-temporal analysis in the power system. The Modern power system is the integration of various devices like Generators, Transformers, Bus bar, lines Protecting devices and load connected through it. Load flow analysis is used to determine the different types of parameters in the power system i.e. Voltage Magnitude, Phase angle, Power injected, power output and losses through the power system etc. Various kind of devices is utilised in modern power system analysis. Conventionally many techniques are adopted for power System analysis i.e. Mathematical modelling of the system and then calculation. These techniques consume very much time for the calculation. But, due to the advantage of Science and Technology, different types of new methods are developed. PyPSA is one of them. These methods are accurate, fast and reliable for power system analysis. In this study, PyPSA tool is used to analyse the IEEE 12 bus system for determining the voltage magnitude across each bus.
Exergy and energy analysis of 4-stroke single cylinder CI engine using Pongamia-ethanol-butanol fuel blends
Authors: Verma Shubha , Vashishth Swati , Chauhan Sanya , Richa  , Chauhan Nathi Ram , Saraswat Manish 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Depleting sources of fossil fuels and environmental issues like air pollution and harmful toxic emissions from the combustion of these fossil fuels have made the search for their potential substitutes essential. Biodiesel is found to be one such widely accepted viable option as seen from literature. In this work, Pongamia oil biodiesel, Bioethanol and Biobutanol have been selected for blending with diesel. The analysis of exergy and energy of varying proportions of Pongamia-Ethanol-Butanol blends and diesel as fuels for a 4-stroke, single-cylinder CI engine has been carried out. Further, based on the formed equations, a computer program has been written to obtain the final output characteristics. Four blends namely, D100 (neat diesel), P50E50 (50:50 Pongamia-Ethanol blend), P45E45Bu10 (45:45:10 Pongamia–Ethanol-Butanol blend), P40E40Bu20 (40:40:20 Pongamia-Ethanol-Butanol blend) have been considered for the analysis. P50E50 blend shows a significant decrease in heat loss due to exhaust gases, net energy loss, destructive availability, and increase in energy efficiency, exhaust availability, and available efficiency output characteristics as compared to neat diesel. Hence, it is concluded to be the best potential replacement for diesel fuel from all the considered blends.
Prevalent Exact String-Matching Algorithms in Natural Language Processing: A Review
Authors: Pandey R K , Taruna S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
String matching and searching problems are one of the classical hitches to the domain of computer engineering. There exist numerous variants of such algorithms, which can be categorized into dual classes; i.e. an approximate match and exact match algorithms. This paper engrossed on comparing prevalent algorithms of exact matching category in terms of their functionality and complexity along with critical opinions for a better understanding of the differences among them. The application of string matching is used in various fields like for intrusion detection in the networks, DNA matching in the field of bioinformatics, plagiarism checking for fraud detection, in the field of information security, pattern recognition, text mining, web searching, recommendation system, the document comprising, authentication system and web scraping. The uses are not only restricted to the fields termed above but also the notion has copious advantages for ongoing and forthcoming research work.
A Comparative Analysis of Various Local Feature Descriptors in Content-Based Image Retrieval System
Authors: Tyagi Lalit Kumar , Kant Rama , Gupta Anish 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Image acquisitions are increasing day by day due to progress in social networking and digital technologies. Nowadays, with the evolution of various image capturing devices, an enormous quantity of complex images is being produced.content-primarily based image Retrieval (CBIR) is the answer to access images without difficulty wherein proper indexing and association are required. It makes CBIR a distinguished field in computer vision research. There are several uses of CBIR systems in day to day life for example medical, internet, scientific research and various other communication media. In the CBIR system, the user gives a query to obtain images from large datasets having a large number of images. In information transfer via electronic media using particular formats of data, images play an essential role. The extraction of information from communicated images is necessary with extra processing. In this paper, a comparative survey has been carried out on different content-based image retrieval implementation. These methods are determined by several authors for the feature extraction process of images and classification. This will help to plan the strategy for optimizing the CBIR system.
Speech Recognition with Deep Learning
Authors: Khurana Lokesh , Chauhan Arun , Naved Mohd , Singh Prabhishek 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The human voices are very flexible and contains a mess of sentiments or emotions. Feeling or emotions in speech incorporates extra vision about human activities. Recognition of various emotions from the human speech signal is very stretching ingredient in human computer interaction. Through in addition analysis, we can higher recognize the rationale of human beings or people, whether they are not happy with the service clients, happy customers, encouraging folks or inspiring fans. Deep Learning strategies have been as of lately proposed as an option in contrast to conventional techniques in Speech Emotion Recognition (SER). The Emotion of a speaker can be easily govern by the humans because it the human nature to understand the complexion of a person by just guessing the flow of speech, but the domain of emotion or sentiment recognition in the course of machine learning is an open circle of research. In this intended project, we perform speech information evaluation on speaker discriminated speech signals to hitupon the warmth of the person speakers involved inside the verbal exchange. we’re analyzing exceptional techniques to perform speaker discrimination and speech evaluation to locate efficient algorithms to carry out this task.
Image Captioning using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Singh Yajush Pratap , Ezaz Ahmed Sayed Abu Lais , Singh Prabhishek , Kumar Neeraj , Diwakar Manoj 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In modern science there is a rapid development of artificial intelligence, image processing has gradually fascinated and inspired the attention of many researchers in the field of artificial intelligence and has become an interesting and demanding task. The main idea of Image caption is to automatically generate natural language descriptions according to the information observed in an image, this is an important portion of scene understanding, which combines all the knowledge and information available of computer vision and natural language processing. The use of image caption is broad and noteworthy, for example, the understanding of human-computer collaboration. This paper reviews the related methods and focuses on the attention mechanism, which plays a vital role in computer vision and is broadly used in image caption generation tasks. Furthermore, the advantages and the shortcomings of these methods are discussed, providing the commonly used datasets and evaluation criteria in this field. Finally, this paper proposes some open challenges in the image caption task.
Modification of the interaction of an electron with its own radiation field in photonic crystals with high-refractive layers
Authors: Garifullin A I , Khamadeev M A , Sarafannikova A V , Salakhov M Kh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The self-energy interaction of atoms placed in air voids of one-dimensional photonic crystals with high-refractive layers is considered. Modification of the interaction of an electron with its own radiation field in the photonic crystal medium gives rise to a correction to its mass and kinetic energy. We demonstrate the photonic density of states of the periodic structure and the dependence of the mass correction of the valence electron of hydrogen atom and the alkali metals on the refractive index of the one-dimensional photonic crystal based on alternating amorphous hydrogenated layers of silicon nitride a-SiN
x
: H and vacuum, and layers of the high refractive index metamaterial consisting of Au nanoparticles with a dielectric matrix based on HfO2 and vacuum. The tunability of these materials gives rise to the tunability of the mass correction over a wide range. It is shown that the effect under study leads to significant shifts in the energy levels of atoms which is important for controlling physical and chemical processes, creating new linear light sources, and He-Ne-like lasers.
Pulse interactions in weakly nonlinear coherent optical communication links
Authors: Gibney J , Kuk I A , Gabitov I R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The intrachannel interaction of pulses in weakly nonlinear coherent optical fiber lines is theoretically investigated. It is shown that the main contribution to the perturbation of the optical field comes from resonant interactions of ordered triplets of pulses. The structure of triplets is determined. The weight contributions of such interactions are calculated. A classification of interactions using Löschian numbers is proposed. Using computer simulation, the dependence of the average energy of the optical field perturbations on the distance is shown. Based on the performed analysis, an effective algorithm is proposed for assessing the perturbations resulting from intrachannel interaction.
Nonlinear properties of upconversion YVO4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanoparticles
Authors: Nikiforov V G 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nonlinear character of upconversion processes can be revealed via a measurement of power dependent steady-state emission intensity depicted in the ln-ln plot, where a slope indicates the degree of nonlinearity. As a rule observed values of the slope for YVO4 : Yb, Er nanoparticles are less than 2 that interprets as a saturation effect due to high pump laser intensity. Here we based on a numerical analysis show that a life time of the Er3+ ion metastable state 4I11/2 is also responsible for deviation of the slope from 2 even in the case when Yb3+-Er3+ upconversion system is far away from saturation mode.
Dielectric function of six elemental metals
Authors: Pogodaeva Maria K , Levchenko Sergey V , Drachev Vladimir P , Gabitov Ildar R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We present an accurate first-principles study of the electronic structure and absorption spectrum of six elemental metals (aluminium, gold, silver, copper, palladium, platinum) using density functional theory in an all-electron full-potential framework. We calculate dielectric function spectra and plasma frequency, and compare with experimental data obtained from photo-emission, absorption, and electron energy loss spectra.
Two-Color Localized Optical Vortices in a Nonlinear Waveguide with Zero Dispersion of the Group Velocity at the Second Harmonics
Authors: Sazonov S V 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Using the method of averaged Lagrangian and diffraction approximation, an approximate analytical solution is obtained and analyzed, which describes the propagation of two-color vortex light bullets in a quadratic-nonlinear graded-index waveguide.