bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sacral nerve stimulation in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis
Authors: Seifarth C. , Slavova N. , Degro C. , Lehmann K. S. , Kreis M. E. , Weixler B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Functional results after proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) are generally good. However, some patients suffer from high stool frequency or fecal incontinence. Sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) may represent a therapeutic alternative in these patients, but little is known about indication and results. The aim of this study was to evaluate incontinence after IPAA and demonstrate SNS feasibility in these patients.

Methods
This retrospective study includes patients who received a SNS between 1993 and 2020 for increased stool frequency or fecal incontinence after proctocolectomy with IPAA for ulcerative colitis. Proctocolectomy was performed in a two- or three-step approach with ileostomy closure as the last step. Demographic, follow-up data and functional results were obtained from the hospital database.

Results
SNS was performed in 23 patients. Median follow-up time after SNS was 6.5 years (min. 4.2–max. 8.8). Two patients were lost to follow-up. The median time from ileostomy closure to SNS implantation was 6 years (min. 0.5–max. 14.5). Continence after SNS improved in 16 patients (69%) with a median St. Marks score for anal incontinence of 19 (min. 4–max. 22) before SNS compared to 4 (0–10) after SNS placement (p = 0.012). In seven patients, SNS therapy was not successful.

Conclusion
SNS implantation improves symptoms in over two-thirds of patients suffering from high stool frequency or fecal incontinence after proctocolectomy with IPAA. Awareness of the beneficial effects of SNS should be increased in physicians involved in the management of these patients.
Appreciation and job control predict depressive symptoms: results from the Study on Mental Health at Work
Authors: Pohrt Anne , Fodor Daniel , Burr Hermann , Kendel Friederike 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
Depressive symptoms are a leading cause of disability retirement and sick leave. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of depressive symptoms in German employees and its associations with factors from both the occupational and the non-occupational domain and gender.

Methods
In the second wave of the German Study of Mental Health at Work (SMGA), a representative sample of 2640 German employees (52% women) was studied. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the PHQ-9 questionnaire. Psychosocial occupational and non-occupational conditions were assessed with quantitative interviews. In this cross-sectional sample, the association of these factors with depressive symptoms was examined using logistic regression models.

Results
Factors from both the occupational and the non-occupational domain were associated with risk of depressive symptoms. Low appreciation from superior (ORmen 2.1 (95% CI 1.2–3.7); ORwomen 3.2 (95% CI 2.1–4.8)), low job control (ORmen 2.9 (95% CI 1.6–5.4); ORwomen 1.6 (95% CI 1.0–2.5)), and critical life events (ORmen 3.0 (95% CI 1.6–5.4); ORwomen 2.3 (95% CI 1.5–3.7)) had the strongest association with risk of depressive symptoms. The association with quantitative demands was stronger in caregivers than in non-caregivers. The results indicated possible differences in the associations of working conditions between men and women, and between family caregivers and non-caregivers.

Conclusion
Factors from both work and private life are associated with depressive symptoms, especially appreciation, job control, and critical life events. Gender differences, with respect to appreciation and influence at work, suggest a more gender sensitive approach to psychosocial occupational health research and interventions.
A systematic review of the perforated duodenal diverticula: lessons learned from the last decade
Authors: Kapp Joshua R. , Müller Philip C. , Gertsch Philippe , Gubler Christoph , Clavien Pierre-Alain , Lehmann Kuno 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The perforated duodenal diverticulum remains a rare clinical entity, the optimal management of which has not been well established. Historically, primary surgery has been the preferred treatment modality. This was called into question during the last decade, with the successful application of non-operative therapy in selected patients. The aim of this systematic review is to identify cases of perforated duodenal diverticula published over the past decade and to assess any subsequent evolution in treatment.

Methods
A systematic review of English and non-English articles reporting on perforated duodenal diverticula using MEDLINE (2008–2020) was performed. Only cases of perforated duodenal diverticula in adults (> 18 years) that reported on diagnosis and treatment were included.

Results
Some 328 studies were identified, of which 31 articles met the inclusion criteria. These studies included a total of 47 patients with perforated duodenal diverticula. This series suggests a trend towards conservative management with 34% (16/47) of patients managed non-operatively. In 31% (5/16) patients initially managed conservatively, a step-up approach to surgical intervention was required.

Conclusion
Conservative treatment of perforated duodenal diverticula appears to be an acceptable and safe treatment strategy in stable patients without signs of peritonitis under careful observation. For patients who fail to respond to conservative treatment, a step-up approach to percutaneous drainage or surgery can be applied. If surgery is required, competence in techniques ranging from simple diverticulectomy to Roux-en-Y gastric diversion or even Whipple’s procedure may be required depending on tissue friability and diverticular collar size.
Introgression of the sesquiterpene biosynthesis from Solanum habrochaites to cultivated tomato offers insights into trichome morphology and arthropod resistance
Authors: Therezan Rodrigo , Kortbeek Ruy , Vendemiatti Eloisa , Legarrea Saioa , de Alencar Severino M. , Schuurink Robert C. , Bleeker Petra , Peres Lázaro E. P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Main conclusion
Cultivated tomatoes harboring the plastid-derived sesquiterpenes from S. habrochaites have altered type-VI trichome morphology and unveil additional genetic components necessary for piercing-sucking pest resistance.

Abstract
Arthropod resistance in the tomato wild relative Solanum habrochaites LA1777 is linked to specific sesquiterpene biosynthesis. The Sesquiterpene synthase 2 (SsT2) gene cluster on LA1777 chromosome 8 controls plastid-derived sesquiterpene synthesis. The main genes at SsT2 are Z-prenyltransferase (zFPS) and Santalene and Bergamotene Synthase (SBS), which produce α-santalene, β-bergamotene, and α-bergamotene in LA1777 round-shaped type-VI glandular trichomes. Cultivated tomatoes have mushroom-shaped type-VI trichomes with much smaller glands that contain low levels of monoterpenes and cytosolic-derived sesquiterpenes, not presenting the same pest resistance as in LA1777. We successfully transferred zFPS and SBS from LA1777 to cultivated tomato (cv. Micro-Tom, MT) by a backcrossing approach. The trichomes of the MT-Sst2 introgressed line produced high levels of the plastid-derived sesquiterpenes. The type-VI trichome internal storage-cavity size increased in MT-Sst2, probably as an effect of the increased amount of sesquiterpenes, although it was not enough to mimic the round-shaped LA1777 trichomes. The presence of high amounts of plastid-derived sesquiterpenes was also not sufficient to confer resistance to various tomato piercing-sucking pests, indicating that the effect of the sesquiterpenes found in the wild S. habrochaites can be insect specific. Our results provide for a better understanding of the morphology of S. habrochaites type-VI trichomes and paves the way to obtain insect-resistant tomatoes.
Renal post-mortem findings in myeloproliferative and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Person Fermin , Meyer Sara C. , Hopfer Helmut , Menter Thomas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are a heterogeneous group of hematological disorders presenting with an increased proliferation in one or several hematological cell lines. Renal manifestations of MPN have not been fully characterized so far. To morphologically assess the potential renal involvement in MPN patients, we analyzed histomorphological findings of a post-mortem cohort (n = 57) with a disease history of Philadelphia-negative MPN including polycythaemia vera, primary myelofibrosis, essential thrombocythemia, or chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Seven (12.2%) patients presented with a pattern of diffuse glomerulosclerosis not attributable to diabetic or hypertensive nephropathy. Weak C4d staining suggestive for chronic thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) was observed in 4/7 cases. Glomerulonephritis was excluded by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Patients with a pattern of diffuse glomerulosclerosis did not differ from the rest of the cohort regarding MPN subtype, disease duration, age, or sex. No significant proteinuria had been observed before death. Further findings attributed to MPNs were extramedullary hematopoiesis (n = 5; 8.8%) and tumor involvement in advanced disease (n = 4; 7.0%). Other common findings included arteriolosclerosis (n = 18; 31.6%) and signs of shock (n = 8; 14.0%). To our knowledge, this study is so far the largest investigating renal findings in MPN patients. There may be a causal relationship between idiopathic diffuse glomerular sclerosis and MPN, although its clinical significance and pathophysiology remain uncertain with TMA probably being relevant in a subgroup of cases. Our findings demonstrate the spectrum of renal findings in MPN from early to terminal disease of which hematologists should be aware of in daily clinical practice.
Fire-mediated germination syndromes in Leucadendron (Proteaceae) and their functional correlates
Authors: Newton Rosemary J. , Mackenzie Berin D. E. , Lamont Byron B. , Gomez-Barreiro Pablo , Cowling Richard M. , He Tianhua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA mechanistic understanding of fire-driven seedling recruitment is essential for effective conservation management of fire-prone vegetation, such as South African fynbos, especially with rare and threatened taxa. The genusLeucadendron(Proteaceae) is an ideal candidate for comparative germination studies, comprising 85 species with a mixture of contrasting life-history traits (killed by fire vs able to resprout; serotinous vs geosporous) and seed morphologies (nutlets vs winged achenes). Individual and combined effects of heat and smoke on seed germination of 40 species were quantified in the laboratory, and Bayesian inference applied to distinguish biologically meaningful treatment effects from non-zero, but biologically trivial, effects. Three germination syndromes were identified based on whether germination was dependent on, enhanced by, or independent of direct fire cues (heat and smoke). Seed storage location was the most reliable predictor of germination syndromes, with soil-stored seeds c. 80% more likely to respond to direct fire cues (primarily smoke) than canopy-stored seeds. Notable exceptions wereL. linifolium, with an absolute requirement for smoke to germinate (the third serotinous species so reported), and two other serotinous species with smoke-enhanced germination. Nutlet-bearing species, whether serotinous or geosporous, were c. 70% more likely to respond to fire cues than winged seeds, but there was no evidence for an effect of phylogeny or persistence strategy on germination. This comprehensive account of seed germination characteristics and identification of germination syndromes and their predictors, supports propagation, conservation and restoration initiatives in this iconic fynbos genus and other fire-prone shrubs with canopy or soil-stored seeds.
Rapid and sensitive mycoplasma detection system using image-based deep learning
Authors: Iseoka Hiroko , Sasai Masao , Miyagawa Shigeru , Takekita Kazuhiro , Date Satoshi , Ayame Hirohito , Nishida Azusa , Sanami Sho , Hayakawa Takao , Sawa Yoshiki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA major concern in the clinical application of cell therapy is the manufacturing cost of cell products, which mainly depends on quality control. The mycoplasma test, an important biological test in cell therapy, takes several weeks to detect a microorganism and is extremely expensive. Furthermore, the manual detection of mycoplasma from images requires high-level expertise. We hypothesized that a mycoplasma identification program using a convolutional neural network could reduce the test time and improve sensitivity. To this end, we developed a program comprising three parts (mycoplasma detection, prediction, and cell counting) that allows users to evaluate the sample and verify infected/non-infected cells identified by the program. In experiments conducted, stained DNA images of positive and negative control using mycoplasma-infected and non-infected Vero cells, respectively, were used as training data, and the program results were compared with those of conventional methods, such as manual counting based on visual observation. The minimum detectable mycoplasma contaminations for manual counting and the proposed program were 10 and 5 CFU (colony-forming unit), respectively, and the test time for manual counting was 20 times that for the proposed program. These results suggest that the proposed system can realize a low-cost and streamlined manufacturing process for cellular products in cell-based research and clinical applications.
Business cycle and mortality in Spain
Authors: Cervini-Plá María , Vall-Castelló Judit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the last couple of decades, there has been a lot of interest on the impact of macroeconomic fluctuations on health and mortality rates. Many studies, for different countries, find that mortality is procyclical. However, studies examining the effects of more recent recessions are less conclusive, finding mortality to be less procyclical, or even countercyclical. In this paper, using data of Spanish provinces from 1999 to 2016, we investigate how this relationship works in the context of a country that is subject to extreme business cycle fluctuations. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of unemployment for different mortality causes and we explore differences by sex, age group and level of education. In general terms, we find mortality to be procyclical so that when the economy is in a recession, mortality falls. When exploring mortality causes, we show that deaths from cardiovascular disease, cancer, senility, transport accidents and homicides are procyclical. By sex, we find procyclicality for both men and women. By age, mortality is procyclical for all age groups; however, the causes of death that result in this procyclical behavior are specific to each age group. By educational level, suicide appears as a countercyclical cause for individuals with intermediate levels of education.
Modification of Airflow Structure Due to Wave Breaking on a Submerged Topography
Authors: Vollestad Petter , Jensen Atle 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExperimental results from a combined wind–wave tank are presented. Wind profiles and resulting wind–wave spectra are described, and an investigation of the airflow above breaking waves is presented. Monochromatic waves created by the wave maker are directed towards a submerged topography. This causes the waves to break at a predictable location, facilitating particle-image-velocimetry measurements of the airflow above steep breaking and non-breaking waves. We analyze how the breaking state modifies the airflow structure, and in particular the extent of the sheltered area on the leeward side of the waves. Results illustrate that while the geometrical properties of the waves greatly influence the airflow structure on the leeward side of the waves, the state of breaking (i.e., whether the waves are currently in a state of active breaking) is not observed to have a clear effect on the extent of the separated flow region, or on the velocity distribution within the sheltered region.
Quantification of myocardial ischemia and subtended myocardial mass at adenosine stress cardiac computed tomography: a feasibility study
Authors: van Driest F. Y. , van der Geest R. J. , Broersen A. , Dijkstra J. , el Mahdiui M. , Jukema J. W. , Scholte A. J. H. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCombination of coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and adenosine stress CT myocardial perfusion (CTP) allows for coronary artery lesion assessment as well as myocardial ischemia. However, myocardial ischemia on CTP is nowadays assessed semi-quantitatively by visual analysis. The aim of this study was to fully quantify myocardial ischemia and the subtended myocardial mass on CTP. We included 33 patients referred for a combined CCTA and adenosine stress CTP protocol, with good or excellent imaging quality on CTP. The coronary artery tree was automatically extracted from the CCTA and the relevant coronary artery lesions with a significant stenosis (≥ 50%) were manually defined using dedicated software. Secondly, epicardial and endocardial contours along with CT perfusion deficits were semi-automatically defined in short-axis reformatted images using MASS software. A Voronoi-based segmentation algorithm was used to quantify the subtended myocardial mass, distal from each relevant coronary artery lesion. Perfusion defect and subtended myocardial mass were spatially registered to the CTA. Finally, the subtended myocardial mass per lesion, total subtended myocardial mass and perfusion defect mass (per lesion) were measured. Voronoi-based segmentation was successful in all cases. We assessed a total of 64 relevant coronary artery lesions. Average values for left ventricular mass, total subtended mass and perfusion defect mass were 118, 69 and 7 g respectively. In 19/33 patients (58%) the total perfusion defect mass could be distributed over the relevant coronary artery lesion(s). Quantification of myocardial ischemia and subtended myocardial mass seem feasible at adenosine stress CTP and allows to quantitatively correlate coronary artery lesions to corresponding areas of myocardial hypoperfusion at CCTA and adenosine stress CTP.
Center-Based Child Care and Differential Improvements in the Child Development Outcomes of Disadvantaged Children
Authors: Reynolds Sarah Anne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Research finds center-based child care typically benefits children of low socio-economic status (SES) but few studies have examined if it also reduces inequalities in developmental disadvantage.

Objective
I test if the length of time in center-based care between ages one and three years associates with child development scores at age three years, focusing on the impact for groups of children in the lower tercile of child development scores and in the lower SES tercile.

Method
Using data from 1,606 children collected in a nationally representative Chilean survey, I apply a value-added approach to measure gains in child development scores between age one and three years that are associated with length of time in center-based child care.

Results
Disadvantages at age one year were associated with lower child development scores at age three years. No benefits of additional time in center-based care were found for the non-disadvantaged group, but positive associations were found between more time in center-based care and child development outcomes for children with the SES disadvantage only. Center-based care was not associated with child development trajectories of children with lower child development scores at age one year, no matter their SES status.

Conclusions
There is evidence that Chilean center-based child care reduces SES inequality in child development scores between ages one and three years, but only if children already were not low-scorers at age one year.
Actions in Slow Motion: Theoretical and Methodological Reflections on Temporality in Actions and Intersubjective Understanding
Authors: Schmidl Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examines the connection between actions, temporality, and media-based observation. Slow motion technology is currently being used especially in sports to examine and evaluate athletes’ actions more precisely in order to identify potential infringements of rules. Starting with a phenomenological perspective, this article engages in a critical assessment of the degree to which the intentions underlying athletes’ actions become clearer if their actions are slowed down using slow motion. It transpires that a more in-depth understanding is not possible because the process of time-stretching using media technology tends to obscure intersubjective understanding. Nevertheless, the use of different playback speeds does increase observers’ sensitivity to the temporality of action and observation. This is particularly the case when greater emphasis is placed on the body and its role in the formation and carrying out of intentions. With the phenomenological view and in special consideration of the body and the subjective intentionality, the paper contributes to a discussion about the connection of time and (inter-)action already led in ethnomethodology and conversation analysis. These findings mark a contribution to empirical social research as well, which is increasingly using video material in action analysis and should take slow motion as a possible augmented but also manipulated access to actions into account adequately. To this end, this article suggests a method for identifying the merits and demerits of using slow motion to analyse actions, and discusses the methodological implications of temporality in observation.
Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Norovirus-Induced Intestinal Failure in X-linked Agammaglobulinemia
Authors: Shillitoe Ben M. J. , Ponsford Mark , Slatter Mary A. , Evans Jennifer , Struik Siske , Cosgrove Mike , Doull Iolo , Jolles Stephen , Gennery Andrew R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSince the first clinical description in 1952, immunoglobulin replacement therapy remains the mainstay of treatment of patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). However, this therapy only replaces IgG isotype and does not compensate for the loss of Bruton tyrosine kinase in non-B-lymphocytes. Patients may still therefore develop complications despite current standard of care. Here, we describe an XLA patient with persistent chronic norovirus infection, refractory to treatment and causing intestinal failure. The patient underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, curing XLA and allowed clearance of norovirus prior to humoral immunoreconstitution, suggesting non-humoral immunodeficiency in these patients.