bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bargaining with social construction of gender identities: transgender realities in Cumilla, Bangladesh
Authors: Nasrin Shamema 
Published: April 2021

Background: This study explored the agency of intention of transgender women within everyday forms of resistance (thought, desire, intension, and communication) against the rigorous binary biological composition and gender identities in Bangladesh's social context. Transgender women ask society to take distinct and subjective gender identities thoughtfully and uphold their right to make a transition. Transgender women go through the psychological narrative where a specific sex organ does not outline the intact gender identifications. They want to be accepted, understood and supported by establishing their inner gender identities endeavored to their agency and deconstruction of customary gender identities. Methods: The study was conducted at Kaptan Bazar, Cumilla Sadar in Cumilla, Bangladesh; twenty in-depth interviews and two focus group discussions were adopted to gather primary data. The study participants engaged with various projects and contributed health services and social counseling to other transgender and male sex workers.Results: The result considered transgender womans agency grounded in internal sharing, communication, daily activities, and viewpoints of identity position. Informal, undeclared thoughts, actions, and experiences portrayed numerous connections to their agency of intention. Encounters of participants presented a profound explanation of everyday resistance.Conclusions: The agency of intention of transgender women may create a dialogue against socio-cultural prejudice and structural injustice; simultaneously, it can intersect a better consequence in proper contexts.
Perception, practices and preparedness of the adult population in response to SARS CoV-2 pandemic in India
Authors: Jain Arpita , Toppo Manju , Gour Devendra , Verma Shipra 
Published: April 2021

Background: COVID-19 infection is a highly contagious disease and has affected a large population. As COVID-19 is a new disease and is having the most devastating effects globally, its emergence and spread, causes confusion, anxiety and fear among the general public. Objectives of the study were to know the preparedness measures adopted by the community by large in the beginning of epidemic of COVID-19 and to find out the perceptions and behavioral change of the community regarding COVID-19.Method: A cross sectional survey was conducted amongst the residents of India from 11th April 20 to 30th May 20. It was an online study. An online semi-structured questionnaire having both open and close ended questions was developed by using Google forms, with a consent form appended to it. Data was collected in Google form and was reentered in MS excel and analyzed using EPIINFO.Results: Out of 301 study participants majority i.e., 162 (53.8%) of them were male. Majority of the participants were in the age group of 21-30. Occupation status of the respondents revealed that doctor accounted for 125 (41.5%). Only, 24 (8%) had chronic illness. Awareness regarding COVID-19 was 297 (98.7%).Conclusions: Perceptions have a great role in behavioral change.
Assessment of health problems and healthcare expenditure, utilization of healthcare schemes and insurances among residents of Dhanas UT Chandigarh
Authors: Thakur Kanchan , . Raveen , . Sita , Kumar Suresh , Sharma Vineeta , Prinja Shankar , Saini Sushma Kumari 
Published: April 2021

Background: Non-communicable diseases account for high burden of morbidity and mortality all over the world. Increased burden and need of long-lasting medical care pose adverse financial implications on poor households. It becomes even more difficult in the absence of any financial risk protection (FRP). In that case the families are forced to manage health care expenditures from the money needed for their routine daily expenses thus increasing Out of pocket expenditures. Objective of the study was to assess the morbidity burden, and out of pocket (OOP) expenditure on healthcare; assess the utilization of health care insurance schemes.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among the residents of Dhanas Village Chandigarh using systematic random sampling technique. Data was collected by interviewing the participants as per interview schedule on disease patterns, OOP expenditures, and coping methods used for incurring health care expenses. From total 419 selected families, one adult member from each family was interviewed at their own house setting.Results: A low insurance coverage (20.5%) was reported and among insured 66.2% had availed benefits. The illness rate was found to be 14.2% and hospitalization rate was 3.7%. The endocrinal disorders were most prevalent among the residents. One third (36.5%) of households had faced catastrophic expenditure for outpatient and 10% for the inpatient care. The salary was leading source of expenditure.Conclusions: There is low insurance coverage and high catastrophic expenditure among the households.
A community-based study on the awareness and prevention of hypercholesterolemia in adults
Authors: Bhatia Kunalika , Patel Puja T. , Das Biplob K. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Intake of unhealthy junk food results into long standing health issues and the research in this paper is focused towards analyzing the knowledge of non-medical population about hypercholesterolemia and to upgrade their education concerned with healthy lifestyle modifications and essential safety measures identified with elevated cholesterol levels and related diseases.Methods: It was a prospective pre-and post-education interventional study carried out on 400 non-medical students at PES degree college Bangalore. A self-managed survey was conveyed to participants using a validated questionnaire during their usual college hours. The data analysis was done utilizing Microsoft excel tool.Results: Out of 400 participants in pre-education interventional study awareness about hypercholesterolemia was found excellent in 129 subjects, average in 243 subjects and poor in 28 subjects, where as in post-education interventional study awareness about hypercholesterolemia was found to be excellent in 355 subjects average in 44 subjects and poor in 1 subject.Conclusions: The significant increment was found in the degree of information among the participants. All over the study was an achievement and the objective of the examination was satisfied. Few participants showed lack of interest however spreading awareness and instructing about wellbeing viewpoints can bring the distinction just if the picked-up information is executed in everyday life.
LIMITES E POSSIBILIDADES DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL APLICADA AO DIREITO: ESTADO DA ARTE NO BRASIL
Authors: Oliveira Júnior Ezio , Leonel Vilson 
Published: April 2021

O artigo analisa o estado da arte da aplicação de soluções baseadas em Inteligência Artificial (IA) ao Direito no Brasil. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa. Em relação à coleta de dados, é estudo bibliográfico e documental, valendo-se de publicações em livros, leis, artigos científicos, teses e dissertações. Procedeu-se ainda um levantamento por meio eletrônico com operadores de direito que atuam no setor privado. A partir da análise dos dados identificou-se a existência de relevantes possibilidades de aplicação de IA ao direito nos setores público e privado, tais como a análise preditiva de decisões e a sugestão automática de minuta de sentenças, além de projetos de grande envergadura, em desenvolvimento, tudo no sentido de aumentar celeridade, a assertividade e a produtividade, na prestação jurisdicional. Mas são identificados ainda limites de caráter Ético-filosóficos, como o risco de viés de algoritmo, e outros de perfil técnico, como a dificuldade de auditoria dos sistemas, requerendo algum esforço para serem superados. Também se identificou a necessidade do estabelecimento de um marco legal em relação às aplicações de Inteligência Artificial. O meio jurídico brasileiro revela uma movimentação intensa, fruto do que traz a transformação digital, em termos de possibilidade de se proporcionar às pessoas melhores condições de acesso à justiça, através de uma prestação jurisdicional mais assertiva, rápida e barata. A superação dos limites deve ser apenas uma questão de tempo, uma vez que as condições para tal parecem estar estabelecidas
Essential extensions of filters in residuated lattices
Authors: Haveshki Masoud 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We deﬁne the essential extension of a ﬁlter in the residuated lattice A associated to an ideal of L(A) and investigate its related properties. We prove the residuated lattice A is a Boolean algebra, G(RL)-algebra or MV -algebra if and only if the essential extension of {1} associated to A \ P is a Boolean ﬁlter, G-ﬁlter or MV -ﬁlter (for all P ∈ SpecA), respectively. Also, some properties of lattice of essential extensions are studied.
Comparison of a Metronome-guided Prehospital Medication Infusion Technique with Manual Calculation: A Simulated Randomized, Controlled, Cross-over Study
Authors: Galvagno Samuel , Cloepin James , Hannas Jeannie , Rubach Kurt , Naumann Andrew , Wendell Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLimited research regarding administration of timed medication infusions in the prehospital environment has identified wide variability with accuracy, timing, and overall feasibility. This study was a pragmatic, randomized, controlled, crossover study comparing two different techniques for medication infusion administration. We hypothesized that the use of a metronome-based technique would decrease medication dosage errors and reduce time to administration for intravenous medication infusions. Methods Forty-two nationally registered paramedics were randomized to either a metronome-based technique versus a standard stopwatch-based technique. Each subject served as a control. Subjects were asked to establish an infusion of amiodarone at a dose of 150 mg administered over 10 minutes, simulating treatment of a hemodynamically stable patient with sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. Results When compared to a standard stopwatch-based technique, a metronome-based technique was associated with faster time to goal, fewer mid-infusion adjustments, and greater ease of use. Conclusions Use of a metronome technique for establishing medication infusion rates may help prehospital clinicians provide safer and more precise medication delivery.
Using qualitative methods to establish the clinically meaningful threshold for treatment success for the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score
Authors: Wyrwich Kathleen W. , Kitchen Helen , Knight Sarah , Aldhouse Natalie V.J. , Macey Jake , Mesinkovska Natasha , Ko Justin M. , King Brett A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Traditionally, appropriate anchors are used to investigate the amount of change on a clinician-reported outcome assessment that is meaningful to individual patients. However, novel qualitative methods can additionally inform the individual improvement threshold for demonstrating the clinical benefit of new treatments. This study aimed to establish a clinically meaningful threshold for treatment success for the clinician-reported Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) score for patients with alopecia areata (AA).Methods: A purposive sample of 10 dermatologists expert in the treatment of AA, and 30 adult and adolescent patients with AA and a history of ≥50% scalp hair loss were recruited. Semi-structured interview questions explored thresholds that represented treatment success to clinicians and patients with AA. Findings were analyzed using thematic methods to identify treatment success thresholds.Results: Expert clinicians considered a static threshold of 80% (n=5) or 75% (n=3) of the scalp hair as a treatment success. Patient responses ranged from 70 - 90% (median 80% of the scalp hair). Subsequently, queried patients confirmed that achieving SALT score ≤20 with treatment would be a success. Reflections on the methodology include: clinician perceptions can be informed by current clinical practice and knowledge of existing treatments and research and clinicians easily identified thresholds through qualitative discussions; patients were able to understand and identify thresholds for improvement less than complete absence of disease. Conclusions: This qualitative investigation of expert clinicians and patients with AA confirmed that achieving an amount of 80% or more scalp hair (SALT score ≤20) was an appropriate individual treatment success threshold indicating clinically meaningful improvement for patients with ≥50% scalp hair loss. A qualitative investigation of a quantifiable treatment success is possible through well-designed interview questions for the indication and patient population. Both clinician and patient input plays a critical role in understanding the clinical benefit meaningful to patients.
Expression Level of Annexin A1 Contributes to the Evaluation of the Disease Progression and Treatment Effect of Lung Adenocarcinoma: A New Perspective from Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Rong Biaoxue , Yan Hongling , Wu Ge , Li Kai , Li Min , Rong Congxue , Liu Wen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Increased Annexin A1 has been showed to be related to malignant biological characteristics of tumors; the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the expression level of Annexin A1 and the disease progression and treatment effect of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC). Methods: The expression level of Annexin A1 in LAC tissues and cells was detected by the methods of immunohistochemistry, Real time-PCR and western blotting. The relationship between the expression of Annexin A1 and the disease progression and treatment effect of LAC was evaluated by descriptive statistics, T test and Chi-square test. Results: The protein expression of Annexin A1 was higher in lung cancer tissues and cells than that in normal tissues and 16 human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells (p<0.05). The level of Annexin A1 mRNA was higher in lung cancer tissues than that in normal tissues (p<0.05). The increase of Annexin A1 protein and mRNA was associated with the lymph node metastasis, advanced clinical stage (p<0.05). However, surgical resection and chemotherapy for LAC down-regulated the serum concentration of Annexin A1 in patients (p<0.05).Conclusions: Increased Annexin A1 protein and mRNA in LAC tissues correlate with the poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis and advanced stage of LAC. Surgical resection and chemotherapy for LAC down-regulate the serum concentration of Annexin A1 in patients. The results indicate that expression level of Annexin A1 contributes to the evaluation of the disease progression and treatment effect of LAC.
Effects of Complement 3 deficiency on its receptor downstream signaling pathway-mediated inflammatory response in knockout mice
Authors: Choi Yun Ju , Kim Ji Eun , Lee Su Jin , Gong Jeong Eun , Lee Ho , Hwang Dae Youn 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The current study measured alterations in the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)‑mediated cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2) induction pathway, inflammasome pathway, NF-kB activation, and inflammatory cytokine expressions in the transverse colon of C3 knockout (KO) mice, to determine whether complement component 3 (C3) deficiency affects its receptor downstream-mediated inflammatory response. Compared to wild type (WT) mice, the expression level of C3 protein was successfully suppressed in the transverse colon of C3 KO mice. Significant enhancement was observed in expression levels of important members of the iNOS‑mediated COX‑2 induction pathway, and in the phosphorylation of mitogen‑activated protein (MAP) kinase members. Also, a similar pattern of increase was observed in the expression levels of inflammasome proteins in C3 KO mice. Moreover, compared to WT mice, C3 KO mice showed remarkably enhanced phosphorylation of NF-kB and IkB-a, which was reflected in entirety as increased expressions of TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-1a. Taken together, results of the current study indicate that C3 deficiency induces activation of the iNOS‑mediated COX‑2 induction pathway, ASC-inflammasome pathway, and NF-kB signaling pathway, resulting in the enhancement of inflammatory cytokine expressions in the transverse colon of C3 KO mice.
Predesigned rigid dysprosium(III) single-molecule magnets exhibit preserved superparamagnetism in solution
Authors: Ding Xia-Li , Luo Qian-Cheng , Zhai Yuan-Qi , Zhang Xu-Feng , Lyu Yi , Zhang Xin-Liang , Ke Chao , Zheng Yan-Zhen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Molecules with long preserved magnetic moments are perceived as the smallest units for storing bytes, which could bring a new revolution for information technology. However, the rational design of such molecules remains challenging. Here we show it is possible to predesign such molecules by studying the vibration spectra. Two adamantanol based dysprosium(III) complexes with pentagonal-bipyramidal local geometry were theoretically predicted to display enhanced single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior due to the reduced vibration modes in low energy regimes. The experimental isolation of these two complexes not only confirms this prediction, but further reveals almost unchanged large energy barriers and high blocking temperatures in solution state. This is never observed in previous studies of SMMs, indicating that the adamantanol ligand is rigid enough to make the complexes exhibiting intrinsic magnetic property in solution. As vibration spectrometer is routinely accessible in common laboratories this work provides a facile strategy to construct high-performance SMMs.
The Mechanism of Fos and Leptin Receptor in Neural Tube Development of Offspring Under The Regulation of Energy Balance
Authors: Li Ting , Huo Quan , Lu Zhi Guo , Xing Xin Ran , Ding Lu , Sun Dong Jun , Li Mei Gang , Du Yong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background The occurrence of neural tube defects is a complex process in which genes, internal and external environment and other factors jointly influence and occur interactively. In this experiment, animal models of different energy balance states are constructed. To explore the mechanism of fos and leptin-leptin receptor during neural tube development of offspring under different energy states and its effect on neural tube development of offspringMethods Using gene identification technology to obtain Mex3c+/- negative energy balance mice and high-fat diet to obtain positive energy balance mice, and obtain E10.5d, E12.5d, E14.5d embryos. We will verify the expression of fos, leptin, LEPR, nestin, PAX3, and H3K27me3 proteins in the neural tube of the offspring through relevant experimental methods.Results We have successfully constructed animal models, Control group (18.82g±1.54g), Mex3c group (18.84g±1.08g), HFD group (22.61g±1.10g). Neural tube HE staining showen that compared with the Control group, the neuronal maturity of the Mex3c group and the HFD group was reduced. Immunohistochemical staining showed that both fos and leptin were expressed on the nucleus, and LEPR was expressed on the cell membrane. Western blot experiments showed that compared with the Control group, the Mex3c group and the HFD group had low expression of fos protein (P＜0.01), the Mex3c group had high expression of LEPR protein (P＜0.01) and the HFD group had high expression of LEPR protein (P＜0.01). Immunostaining experiments showed that nestin was expressed in nerve fibers, and PAX3 and H3K27me3 were both expressed in the nucleus. Western blooting experiment showed that compared with the Control group, the Mex3c group had high expression of nestin protein (P＜0.01), PAX3 protein (P＜0.01), H3K27me3 (P＜0.01), and the HFD group had high expression of nestin protein (P＜0.01). ) And PAX3 protein (P<0.01), H3K27me3 (P<0.01).ConclusionsMex3c regulates leptin and LEPR by enhancing the expression of fos mRNA to participate in the neural tube development process of offspring. The neural tube nestin, PAX3, and H3K27me3 of the offspring of Mex3c+/- mice and high-fat diet mice continue to be highly expressed. Mex3c+/- mice express low leptin, and high-fat diet mice highly express leptin; preliminary reveals the regulation of different energy states Leptin-LEPR is involved in the process of neurodevelopment. Mex3c mutant mice and mice on a high-fat diet lead to decreased neurodevelopmental maturity.
Two novel mutations in Gli-similar 3 in patients with congenital hypothyroidism and thyroid dysgenesis
Authors: Lan Jie , Sun Chunhui , Liang Xinping , Ma Ruixin , Ji Yuhua , Li Miaomiao , Liu Shiguo , Wang Fang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Thyroid dysgenesis (TD) is the main cause of congenital hypothyroidism (CH). As variants of the transcription factor Gli-similar 3 (GLIS3) have been associated with CH and GLIS3 is one of candidate genes of TD, we screened and characterized GLIS3 mutations in Chinese patients with CH and TD.Methods: To detect mutations, we sequenced all GLIS3 exons in the peripheral blood genomic DNA isolated from 50 patients with TD and 100 healthy individuals. Wild-type and mutant expression vectors of Glis3 were constructed. Quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, and double luciferase assay were performed to investigation the effect of the mutations on GLIS3 protein function and transcriptional activation.Results: Two novel heterozygous missense mutations, c.2710G>A (p.G904R) and c.2507C>A (p.P836Q), were detected in two unrelated patients. Functional studies revealed that p.G904R expression was 59.95% lower and p.P836Q was 31.23% lower than wild-type GLIS3 mRNA expression. The p.G904R mutation also resulted in lower GLIS3 protein expression compared with that encoded by wild-type GLIS3. Additionally, the luciferase reporter assay revealed that p.G904R mediated impaired transcriptional activation compared with the wild-type protein (p < 0.05) but did not have a dominant-negative effect on the wild-type protein.Conclusions: We for the first time screened and characterized the function of GLIS3 mutations in Chinese individuals with CH and TD. Our study not only broadens the GLIS3 mutation spectrum, but also provides further evidence that GLIS3 defects cause TD.
Hypoalbuminemia as a Predictor of Adverse Outcome in Critically Ill Children: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: El-shamy Abeer Yehia , Khattab Ahmed Anwar , Adbel-Aziz Alyaa Ahdy 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

hypoalbuminemia is a common finding in critically ill patients associated with a high risk of mortality, but there is lack of data on its role in pediatric patients. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of low albumin levels in pediatric patients on poor prognosis and high risk of mortality in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).
Methods

This was a prospective cohort study conducted at the PICU at El-Bagour hospital from November 2018 to November 2020. The aim was to evaluate low albumin level as a predictor of poor prognosis and clinical outcome in 150 critically ill children aged one month up to 18 years. ROC curve was used to assess the discriminatory ability of scoring systems for patients’ mortality.
Results

148 patients were included in the final analysis where the incidence of hypoalbuminemia in the 1st 48-h postadmission was 44.6% with an overall mean serum albumin level of 3.34 ± 0.78. Hypoalbuminemia was an independent factor of mortality prediction. Moreover, we found children with hypoalbuminemia had higher mortality rate (p-value < 0.001), higher PICU stays (p-value = 0.016), lower galscow coma score (GSC) (p-value = 0.0017), and more need of mechanical ventilation (p-value < 0.001).
Conclusion

hypoalbuminemia may be used as a significant predictor of mortality and risk assessment in critically ill children.