bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An experimental test of the impact of avian diversity on attentional benefits and enjoyment of people experiencing urban green‐space
Authors: Douglas Joseph W. A. , Evans Karl L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Biodiversity may play a key role in generating the well‐being benefits of visiting green‐spaces.

The ability of people to accurately perceive variation in biodiversity is, however, unclear and evidence supporting links between biodiversity exposure and well‐being outcomes remains equivocal. In part, this is due to the paucity of controlled experimental studies that deal adequately with confounding factors that covary with biodiversity.

Attention restoration theory (ART) proposes that natural environments contain many softly fascinating stimuli that provide visitors with a sense of separation from their normal settings and routines, switching off direct attention and allowing recovery from attention fatigue. Increased biodiversity could increase these stimuli, and ART therefore potentially provides a mediating effect linking biodiversity to well‐being.

Here, we conduct a controlled experiment in which participants virtually experience urban green‐space containing high and low levels of avian biodiversity (altered by manipulating bird song).

Respondents accurately identified the contrast in biodiversity and reported greater enjoyment of the high biodiversity treatment than the low diversity control. Higher biodiversity did not, however, elicit greater self‐reported stimulation or restoration, and did not increase perceived restorativeness scores or attentional capacity (quantified using the Digit Span Backwards attention test).

Respondents that were more connected to nature, however, had greater attentional capacity following exposure to green‐space.

Our study provides rare experimental evidence that people can accurately detect variation in biodiversity, that high avian diversity boosts visitor perceptions of urban green‐space quality, and that people with increased nature connectedness show enhanced attentional capacity following an exposure to green‐space.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Fabrication of superhydrophobic natural rubber film via grafting of methyltrichlorosilane
Authors: Ngamdee Patchararujee , Yimmut Kotchamon , Hinchiranan Napida 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNowadays, natural rubber (NR) is extensively applied in medical‐healthcare devices. A clogging or bacterial attachment onto product's surface can be avoided by creating the non‐fouling surface for extending the NR utilization. Herein, a superhydrophobic NR film was prepared using two‐step surface modification involving sulfuric acid (H2SO4)‐catalyzed hydration to form hydroxyl (OH) functional groups on the rubber surface followed by grafting with methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS). From X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, the immersion of a vulcanized NR film (VNR) in 75 wt% H2SO4 solution for 1 h showed the highest area portion of OH groups on the VNR surface (50.9%), which were expected to act as the active sites for grafting with MTCS via hydrolysis and polycondenzation to obtain a VNR‐OH‐MTCS film. As a measure of the hydrophobicity, the water contact angle (WCA) of the VNR‐OH‐MTCS film prepared by using 2 wt% MTCS concentration was greatest at 155° with a high roughness of 1790 nm. The glass transition temperature and antimicrobial activity of the VNR film were not affected by these surface modifications. This indicated that the superhydrophobic VNR‐OH‐MTCS film maintained the flexibility with ability to inhibit the formation of a bacterial biofilm. Not only superhydrophobicity, the VNR‐OH‐MTCS film also had oleophilicity (oil absorption capacity [k] of 1.13) suggesting that it could be applied for oil/water separation with high separation efficiency of 98.6%. Moreover, the VNR‐OH‐MTCS film still had high hydrophobicity with WCA of 138°–142° after 20 abrasion cycles using a sandpaper under the weighting load not over than 50 g.
Phenomic selection is competitive with genomic selection for breeding of complex traits
Authors: Zhu Xintian , Leiser Willmar L. , Hahn Volker , Würschum Tobias 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe efficiency of breeding programs depends on the ability to screen large numbers of individuals. For complex traits like yield, this can be assisted by genomic selection, which is based on estimating breeding values with genome‐wide marker data. Here, we evaluate phenomic prediction, which, similar to its genomic counterpart, aims to predict the performance of untested individuals but using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) data. In a large panel of 944 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] recombinant inbred lines phenotyped for seed yield, thousand‐seed weight, and plant height at three locations, we demonstrate that the phenomic predictive abilities are high and comparable with those obtained by genomic prediction. We found that ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction performs well for phenomic prediction and that the number of wavelengths can be reduced without a decrease in predictive ability. For prediction at different locations, NIRS data from a single location can be used. However, NIRS data from different environments, like years, should be connected by common genotypes in training and prediction sets. Phenomic prediction appears to be less susceptible to relatedness between individuals in training and prediction sets than genomic prediction, as generally half‐sib but also unrelated families achieved high predictive abilities. Moreover, for the same training set sizes phenomic prediction resulted in higher predictive abilities compared to genomic prediction. Phenomic prediction can be applied at different stages in a breeding program, and collectively our results highlight the potential of this approach to increase genetic gain in plant breeding.
Preparation and Performance Characterization of High‐Quality HNIW
Authors: Xu Wenzheng , Yan Tianlun , Xu Yang , Deng Jie , Li Hao , Li Yuexin , Guo Fengwei , Wang Jingyu , Gao Feng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this study, high‐quality HNIW was prepared by solvent‐antisolvent recrystallization method and mechanical ball‐milling method. The particle morphology, particle size, crystal form, and thermal stability of HNIW samples were characterized by SEM, DSC, and XRD. The purity of HNIW samples was characterized by the HPLC. The HGZ‐1 impact sensitivity meter and WM‐1 friction sensitivity meter were used to evaluate the impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity respectively. The detonation voltage of the samples was tested by the EFI system. Compared with the micron‐level HNIW obtained by four times of recrystallizations, the particle size grading mechanical ball milling method of grinding balls minimizes the particle size of the HNIW. The prepared nano‐level HNIW has an average particle size of about 200 nm and has the advantages of narrow distribution, low mechanical sensitivity, and good detonation performance. Therefore, the solvent‐antisolvent recrystallization method and mechanical ball‐milling method can be used to obtain nano‐HNIW with a narrow particle size distribution, high purity, and good performance.
Design of Smart Size‐, Surface‐, and Shape‐Switching Nanoparticles to Improve Therapeutic Efficacy
Authors: Li Xiaoyun , Montague E. Coulter , Pollinzi Angela , Lofts Andrew , Hoare Todd 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMultiple biological barriers must be considered in the design of nanomedicines, including prolonged blood circulation, efficient accumulation at the target site, effective penetration into the target tissue, selective uptake of the nanoparticles into target cells, and successful endosomal escape. However, different particle sizes, surface chemistries, and sometimes shapes are required to achieve the desired transport properties at each step of the delivery process. In response, this review highlights recent developments in the design of switchable nanoparticles whose size, surface chemistry, shape, or a combination thereof can be altered as a function of time, a disease‐specific microenvironment, and/or via an externally applied stimulus to enable improved optimization of nanoparticle properties in each step of the delivery process. The practical use of such nanoparticles in chemotherapy, bioimaging, photothermal therapy, and other applications is also discussed.
Tuning Phase Structure of Nickel–Ruthenium Alloys via MOFs In Situ Hydrolysis toward Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution Performance in Alkaline
Authors: Meng Tian , Chen Yuting , Xing Zhicai , Yang Xiurong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMetal organic frameworks (MOFs) and corresponding derivatives have attracted wide attention. As electrocatalysts, these derivatives (metal, metal compound, and associated composites) have a wide range of application in water‐splitting devices, fuel cells, and other hydrogen‐related technologies. However, with the exception of pyrolysis, limited studies have documented generated metal nanoparticles from MOFs hydrolysis reactions. Herein, NiRu dual‐phase alloy nanoparticles are synthesized via in situ MOFs hydrolysis mediating solvothermal reduction reaction. The hcp‐phase NiRu alloys can be rationally tuned by modulating experimental parameters of feeding metal ratio and reaction time. The volcanic link between hydrogen evolution reaction activity and the descriptor of d band center is investigated using experimentally determined valence bands. Furthermore, compared with fcc‐phase NiRu alloys, it is theoretically revealed that hcp‐phase NiRu alloys optimize d band structure and have a lower energy barrier. This finding broadens the range of application for MOFs hydrolysis reactions and highlights advantages of metal alloys manufactured from MOFs hydrolysis reactions.
Effect of non‐solvent on the synthesis of polyvinylidene fluoride membranes for vacuum membrane distillation desalination
Authors: Sachett Felipe Henrique , Duarte Jocelei , Zeni Mara , Costamilan Leonardo , Poletto Matheus , Baldasso Camila 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe need for freshwater boosted the research for alternative technologies with a cleaner and more efficient approach. Membrane distillation (MD) stands out due to its efficiency in purifying aqueous solutions and easy operation. Thus, this work aims at developing and characterizing polyvinylidene fluoride membranes using the non‐solvent phase inversion (NIPS) methodology for the MD process. Distilled water and ethanol (at different proportions) were tested as non‐solvent and N'N'‐dimethylformamide as solvent. The morphology, crystallinity, and porosity of each sample were determined. The utilization of ethanol as non‐solvent produced more hydrophobic membranes with higher liquid entry pressure. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that different proportions of water and ethanol changes the morphology of the resulting membrane, with clear influence on the formation of macrovoids. The samples crystallinity was over 54% and the porosity, over 55%. The sample with best results in the vacuum MD process prpesented an average of over 98% of salt retention during a period of 6 h. This work shows the beneficial influence ethanol as non‐solvents for the preparation of PVDF membranes for the process of hydrophobic vacuum MD.
The fate and removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products within wastewater treatment facilities discharging to the Great Bay Estuary
Authors: Hidrovo Alexandria , Luek Jenna L. , Antonellis Carmela , Malley James P. , Mouser Paula J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are contaminants of emerging concern that derive primarily in the water environment from combined sewer overflows and discharges from industrial and municipal wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs). Due to incomplete removal during wastewater treatment, PPCP impacts to aquatic ecosystems are a major concern. The Great Bay Estuary (New Hampshire, USA) is an important ecological, commercial, and recreational resource where upstream WWTFs have recently been under pressure to reduce nitrogen loading to the estuary and consequently upgrade treatment systems. Therefore, we investigated the distribution and abundance of 18 PPCPs and three flame retardants within the Great Bay Estuary and WWTFs discharging to the estuary to examine how WWTF type influenced PPCP removal. All 21 analytes were frequently detected at μg/L to ng/L concentrations in influent and effluent and ng/kg in sludge. WWTFs with enhanced nutrient removal and longer solids retention times correlated to higher PPCP removal, indicating facility upgrades may have benefits related to PPCP removal. Understanding PPCP fate during treatment and in downstream waters informs our ability to assess the environmental and ecological impacts of PPCPs on estuarine resources and develop mitigation strategies to better protect marine ecosystems from emerging contaminant exposure.Practitioner Points

PPCP removal positively correlated with solids retention time and varied by treatment facility and compound.
Upgrade of WWTFs for biological nitrogen removal may also increase PPCP removal.
Surface water fluoxetine concentrations may present an ecological risk to the Great Bay Estuary.
NHC‐Stabilized Parent Phosphinidene Adducts of Metal(II) Hexamethyldisilazanides of Manganese – Cobalt and Their Lability in Solution
Authors: Weller Ruth , Gonzalez Andres , Gottschling Hannah , von Hänisch Carsten , Werncke C. Gunnar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe behavior of the N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) stabilized ‘parent’ phosphinidene [(sIDipp)PH] (Dipp=2,6‐di‐isopropylphenyl) towards 3d‐metal(II) hexamethyldisilazanides is described. This leads to formation of the three‐coordinated phosphinidene adducts [M{PH(sIDipp)}{N(SiMe3)2}2] (M=Mn−Co), as evidenced by X‐Ray diffraction analysis. In solution, all compounds exhibit strong paramagnetism that limited NMR spectroscopic examinations to cobalt. Here it shows that the system is coordinatively highly fluxional, which is mitigtated upon cooling. At low temperatures, small amounts of free phosphinidene becomes further evident by 31P NMR spectroscopy that implicates in part ligand coordination competes with [M{N(SiMe3)2}2] dimerisation and an overall weak binding of the phosphinidene ligand. The rapid chemical exchange is evidenced in the presence of an excess of phosphinidene or a phosphine (PCy3), whereas diethyl ether proved as a stronger donor ligand.
Holomorphic modular bootstrap revisited
Authors: Kaidi Justin , Lin Ying-Hsuan , Parra-Martinez Julio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work we revisit the “holomorphic modular bootstrap”, i.e. the classification of rational conformal field theories via an analysis of the modular differential equations satisfied by their characters. By making use of the representation theory of PSL(2, ℤn), we describe a method to classify allowed central charges and weights (c, hi) for theories with any number of characters d. This allows us to avoid various bottlenecks encountered previously in the literature, and leads to a classification of consistent characters up to d = 5 whose modular differential equations are uniquely fixed in terms of (c, hi). In the process, we identify the full set of constraints on the allowed values of the Wronskian index for fixed d ≤ 5.
Contingent intramuscular boosting of P2XR7 axis improves motor function in transgenic ALS mice
Authors: Fabbrizio Paola , D’Agostino Jessica , Margotta Cassandra , Mella Giulia , Panini Nicolò , Pasetto Laura , Sammali Eliana , Raggi Flavia , Sorarù Gianni , Bonetto Valentina , Bendotti Caterina , Nardo Giovanni 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder that leads to progressive degeneration of motor neurons and severe muscle atrophy without effective treatment. Most research on the disease has been focused on studying motor neurons and supporting cells of the central nervous system. Strikingly, the recent observations have suggested that morpho-functional alterations in skeletal muscle precede motor neuron degeneration, bolstering the interest in studying muscle tissue as a potential target for the delivery of therapies. We previously showed that the systemic administration of the P2XR7 agonist, 2′(3′)-O‐(4-benzoylbenzoyl) adenosine 5-triphosphate (BzATP), enhanced the metabolism and promoted the myogenesis of new fibres in the skeletal muscles of SOD1G93A mice. Here we further corroborated this evidence showing that intramuscular administration of BzATP improved the motor performance of ALS mice by enhancing satellite cells and the muscle pro-regenerative activity of infiltrating macrophages. The preservation of the skeletal muscle retrogradely propagated along with the motor unit, suggesting that backward signalling from the muscle could impinge on motor neuron death. In addition to providing the basis for a suitable adjunct multisystem therapeutic approach in ALS, these data point out that the muscle should be at the centre of ALS research as a target tissue to address novel therapies in combination with those oriented to the CNS.
INTERNAL NATURAL TRANSFORMATIONS AND FROBENIUS ALGEBRAS IN THE DRINFELD CENTER
Authors: FUCHS JÜRGEN , SCHWEIGERT CHRISTOPH 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor ℳ and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
finite module categories over a finite tensor category $$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
, the category $$ \mathrm{\mathcal{R}}{ex}_{\mathcal{C}} $$
ℛ

ex
C

(ℳ, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
) of right exact module functors is a finite module category over the Drinfeld center $$ \mathcal{Z} $$
Z
($$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
). We study the internal Homs of this module category, which we call internal natural transformations. With the help of certain integration functors that map $$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
-$$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
-bimodule functors to objects of $$ \mathcal{Z} $$
Z
($$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
), we express them as ends over internal Homs and define horizontal and vertical compositions. We show that if ℳ and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
are exact $$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
-modules and $$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
is pivotal, then the $$ \mathcal{Z} $$
Z
($$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
)-module $$ \mathrm{\mathcal{R}}{ex}_{\mathcal{C}} $$
ℛ

ex
C

(ℳ, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
) is exact. We compute its relative Serre functor and show that if ℳ and $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
are even pivotal module categories, then $$ \mathrm{\mathcal{R}}{ex}_{\mathcal{C}} $$
ℛ

ex
C

(ℳ, $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
) is pivotal as well. Its internal Ends are then a rich source for Frobenius algebras in $$ \mathcal{Z} $$
Z
($$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
).
Ultrasound-guided bilateral erector spinae plane block in laparoscopic colon cancer surgery
Authors: Li Qijin , Li Quanchu , Peng Weiping , Liu Zhenzhen , Mai Yaohai , Shi Congying , Mo Ping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
The efficacy of erector spinae plane block (ESPB) for pain control in other surgeries remains an interesting topic of discussion. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy and quality of recovery of ultrasound-guided bilateral ESPB in laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer.

Material and methods
In this study 50 patients were included and randomly divided into the intervention group (E group, n = 25) and the control group (C group, n = 25). Patients in the E group received general anesthesia with preoperative bilateral ultrasound-guided ESPB, whereas patients in the C group received general anesthesia with saline injection in the erector spinae plane preoperatively. Data on intraoperative and postoperative anesthetic effects and the effect on enhanced recovery after surgery were recorded and analyzed.

Results
Rocuronium consumption in the intervention group was 82.80 ± 21.70 mg, which was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Visual analog scale scores at 2, 6, and 24 h after surgery in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group (Fbetween = 34.034, P = 0.000). The time to ambulation, consumption of ketorolac tromethamine, time to oral intake and hospital stay after operation in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The block area at the different baselines was significant (Fbetween = 3.211, P = 0.009). The association between baseline and time was significant (Fbaseline * time = 3.268, P = 0.001).

Conclusion
This study confirmed that ultrasound-guided ESPB technology is safe and beneficial for patients with colon cancer undergoing laparoscopic colon surgery.
Effects of leachates from UV-weathered microplastic on the microalgae Scenedesmus vacuolatus
Authors: Rummel Christoph D. , Schäfer Hannah , Jahnke Annika , Arp Hans Peter H. , Schmitt-Jansen Mechthild 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPlastics undergo successive fragmentation and chemical leaching steps in the environment due to weathering processes such as photo-oxidation. Here, we report the effects of leachates from UV-irradiated microplastics towards the chlorophyte Scenedesmus vacuolatus. The microplastics tested were derived from an additive-containing electronic waste (EW) and a computer keyboard (KB) as well as commercial virgin polymers with low additive content, including polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS). Whereas leachates from additive-containing EW and KB induced severe effects, the leachates from virgin PET, PP, and PS did not show substantial adverse effects in our autotrophic test system. Leachates from PE reduced algae biomass, cell growth, and photosynthetic activity. Experimental data were consistent with predicted effect concentrations based on the ionization-corrected liposome/water distribution ratios (Dlip/w) of polymer degradation products of PE (mono- and dicarboxylic acids), indicating that leachates from weathering PE were mainly baseline toxic. This study provides insight into algae toxicity elicited by leachates from UV-weathered microplastics of different origin, complementing the current particle- vs. chemical-focused research towards the toxicity of plastics and their leachates.
Graphical abstract
The role of artificial intelligence in paediatric cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Taylor Andrew M. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers the potential to change many aspects of paediatric cardiac imaging. At present, there are only a few clinically validated examples of AI applications in this field. This review focuses on the use of AI in paediatric cardiovascular MRI, using examples from paediatric cardiovascular MRI, adult cardiovascular MRI and other radiologic experience.