bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increases of phospho-Tau (Ser202/Thr205) in the olfactory regions are associated with impaired EEG and olfactory behavior in traumatic brain injury mice
Authors: Yoon Younghyun , Seol YunHee , Im Hyoenjoo , Han Hio-Been , Choi Jee Hyun , Ryu Hoon 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to long-term cognitive impairments with an increased risk for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Among these various impairments, olfactory dysfunction is one of the most common symptoms in TBI patients. However, there are very few studies that show the association between olfactory dysfunction and repetitive TBI, which accounts for the majority of all head injuries. In this present study, we investigated the effects of repetitive TBI on olfactory functioning and the related pathological neuronal injuries in mice. Through pathological examination, we found a significant increase in p-Tau (S202/T205) in olfactory bulb-associated areas such as the Anterior Olfactory Nucleus (AON), Pyriform Cortex (PC), Tenia Tecta (TT), and Olfactory Tubercle (OT). Neuronal atrophy in the Lateral Anterior Olfactory Nucleus (AOL), Granule Layer Olfactory Bulb (GrO), and Dorsal Tenia Tecta (DTT) was also found to be correlated with p-Tau levels. Furthermore, electroencephalography (EEG) of repetitive TBI mouse models showed impaired spontaneous delta oscillation, as well as altered cross-frequency coupling between delta phase and amplitudes of the fast oscillations in the resting-state olfactory bulb. Also, abnormal alterations in EEG band powers were observed during the olfactory oddball paradigm test. This study provides evidence of pathological and physiological alterations in the mouse olfactory system caused by repetitive TBI. Together, p-Tau alterations and EEG impairments may serve as important biomarkers of olfactory track-associated dysfunctions and behavioral impairments commonly observed in repetitive TBI patients.
Longitudinal Variability in Mortality Predicts Covid-19 Deaths
Authors: Lundberg Jon O. , Zeberg Hugo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Within Europe, death rates due to covid-19 vary greatly, with some countries being hardly hit while others to date are almost unaffected. This has created a very heated debate in particular regarding how effective the different measures applied by the governments are in limiting the spread of the disease and ultimately deaths. It would be of considerable interest to pinpoint the factors that determine a country’s susceptibility to a pandemic such as covid-19. Here we present data demonstrating that mortality due to covid-19 in a given country could have been predicted even before the pandemic hit Europe, simply by looking at longitudinal variability of death rates in the years preceding the current outbreak. The variability in death rates during the winter influenza seasons of 2015-2019 correlate strongly to excess mortality caused by covid-19 in 2020 (R2=0.48, p<0,0001). In contrast, there was no correlation with age, population density, latitude, GNP, governmental health spending, degree of urbanization, or rates of influenza vaccination. These data suggest an intrinsic susceptibility in certain countries to excess mortality associated with viral respiratory diseases including covid-19.
Efficient and Compact SR-flip Flop Optical Memory Based Photonic Crystals Platform
Authors: Hassan Amr , Areed Nihal F. F. , Obayya Salah S. A. , Mikati Hamdi El 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The paper presents a different type of designing methods and operational improvements of the optical logic memory SR-flip flop (SR-FF). The proposed optical memory SR-FF is based on two optical NOR logic gates which use two-dimension (2D) photonic crystal (PhC) with a square lattice of silicon (Si) dielectric rods. The structure has a switching time in only a few Picoseconds with little power input and very little power loss. The proposed optical memory SR-FF has a small dimension 38x22 μm2 which makes it one of the best optimized and most practical structures to be used in all photonic integrated circuits (PICs). The ultra-compact size enables the possibility of multiple devices to be embedded in a single PIC chip.
A Novel Stability Evaluation Technique for Clustering Algorithms in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Talib Mohammed Saad , Hassan Aslinda , Abas Zuraida Abal , Mohammed Ali A , Razzaq Arif , Ali Mohanad Faeq 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The development of the technology and connected devices such as internet of things (IoT), internet of vehicles (IoV), and 5G motivate the researchers to give more attention in the field. Clustering is a key factor in vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) where a number of vehicles join to form a group based on common characteristics. Vehicles are distinguished by their high mobility in ad hoc vehicle networks. Changes frequently occur in the topology of VANET, causing continuous failures in network communication. In such a dynamic environment, the creation and maintenance of a stable cluster are significant challenges. The evaluation of stability in VANET clustering is an important part to evaluate the clustering approaches. In this paper, a mathematical technique (based on the birth-death process) is created to evaluate the clusters stability based on the number of leaving and joining vehicles to each cluster after its creation. The stability of the created clusters is tested by checking the number of vehicles in each cluster at different successive times. These tests indicate the joining and leaving vehicles to each cluster and their effects on the cluster stability. When the results of the technique show that the standard deviation is small for each cluster, it can be concluded that the proposed clustering algorithm is able to achieve stability in cluster maintaining phase.
Laparoscopic Examination and Transabdominal Preperitoneal (TAPP) Approach with Biologic Mesh for Strangulated Direct Inguinal Hernia Accompanied by Small Intestinal Perforation
Authors: Xie Tianhao , Cheng Shujie , Fu Yan , Sun Xinli , Ren Xiangxiang , Zhang Jing , Ren Xiaojie , Jin Xiaoshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background A direct inguinal hernia is caused by a weakness or defect in the floor of the Hesselbach triangle. It is believed that direct hernias are less likely to strangulate than indirect hernias, because the neck of the direct hernia is wide enough to avoid strangulation. Approximately 8.6% of all incarcerated inguinal hernia contents can be returned to the abdominal cavity spontaneously after general anesthesia, and intestinal ischemia or necrosis was detected by laparoscopic examination in approximately 40.9% of cases. However, which surgical approach or mesh for an acutely incarcerated and strangulated groin hernia is still no consensus. We retrospectively enrolled 12 patients with incarcerated inguinal hernias accompanied by small intestinal perforation who underwent laparoscopic examination when the hernia content spontaneously returned into the abdominal cavity after induction of general anesthesia in our institution.Results 1 of the 12 patients had developed temporary seroma; the other 2 had early postoperative pain. No evidence of hernia recurrence, chronic pain, infection, scrotal swelling, paralyticileus, persistent seroma, mortality, or any other complications were found during the follow-up. At 1 year and most recent follow-up, all patients were satisfied with the treatment outcome.Conclusions It is a necessary to detect abdominal viscera when incarcerated inguinal hernia contents return to the abdominal cavity spontaneously after general anesthesia, and laparoscopic examination is an efficient method. Laparoscopic TAPP technique with biologic meshes is a feasible method to treat strangulated inguinal hernias accompanied by small intestinal perforation. To better understand whether TAPP or biologic mesh apply to strangulated inguinal hernia (especially enterectomy) and evaluate its wider application, this treatment will need to be tested in larger clinical trials.
Colonization with Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii and Prognosis in Critically Ill Patients: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Zheng Yue , Xu Nana , Pang Jiaojiao , Han Hui , Yang Hongna , Qin Weidong , Zhang Hui , Li Wei , Wang Hao , Chen Yuguo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most often isolated opportunistic pathogens in intensive care units (ICUs). Extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii (XDR-AB) strains lack susceptibility to almost all antibiotics and pose a heavy burden on healthcare institutions. In this study, we evaluated the impact of XDR-AB colonization on both the short-term and long-term survival of critically ill patients.Methods: We prospectively enrolled patients from two adult ICUs in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University from April 2018 through December 2018. Using nasopharyngeal and perirectal swabs, we evaluated the presence of XDR-AB colonization. Participants were followed up for six months. Primary endpoints were 28-day and six-month mortality after ICU admission. For survival analysis, we used the Kaplan-Meier curve. We identified risk factors associated with 28-day and six-month mortality using the logistic regression model and Cox proportional-hazards survival regression model, respectively. Results: Out of 431 patients, 77 were colonized with XDR-AB. Based on the Kaplan-Meier curve results, the survival before 28 days did not differ by colonization status; however, a significant lower survival rate was obtained at six months in colonized patients. Univariate and multivariate results confirmed that XDR-AB colonization was not associated with 28-day mortality, but was an independent risk factor of lower survival days at six months, resulting in a 1.97 times higher risk of death at six months.Conclusions: XDR-AB colonization has no effect on short-term mortality but is associated with lower long-term survival in critically ill patients.
High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Lipocalin-2 and Omentin-1 Levels in Men with Obesity
Authors: Atashak Sirvan , Stannard Stephen R. , Daraei Ali , Soltani Mohammad , Saeidi Ayoub , Moradi Fatah , Laher Ismail , Hackney Anthony C. , Zouhal Hassane 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Objectives: We investigated the effects of 12 weeks of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on selected circulating adipokines and other cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risks factors in males with obesity. Methods: Thirty males with obesity were randomly assigned to HIIT and control groups. The HIIT group participated in a prescribed exercise program for 12 weeks, three times per week. Blood lipids, insulin resistance, and select serum adipokines were assessed before and after 12 weeks of the intervention period. Results: HIIT improved body composition and lipid profiles (p<0.05) as well as decreased fasting insulin levels (p=0.001) and HOMA-IR (p=0.002) levels. Furthermore, HIIT increased levels of lipocalin-2 (lcn2) (p=0.002) while decreasing omentin-1 levels (p=0.001) in males with obesity. Changes in lcn2 and omentin-1 concentrations correlated with the changes in risk factors in the HIIT group (p<0.05). Conclusions: The results indicate that 12 weeks of supervised HIIT exercise significantly improves both circulating concentrations of lcn2 and omentin-1, two recently described adipokines, and markers of CVD risk in males with obesity. Further research is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms involved with these changes.
Pharmacological Activation of RXR-α Promotes Hematoma Absorption in a PPAR-γ-Dependent Pathway After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Xu Chaoran , Chen Huaijun , Zhou Shengjun , Sun Chenjun , Xia Xiaolong , Peng Yucong , Zhuang Jianfeng , Fu Xiongjie , Zeng Hanhai , Zhou Hang , Cao Yang , Yu Qian , Li Yin , Hu Libin , Zhou Guoyang , Yan Feng , Chen Gao , Li Jianru 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Endogenously eliminating the hematoma is a favorable strategy in addressing intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). This study sought to determine the role of retinoid X receptor-α (RXR-α) in the context of hematoma absorption after ICH. Our results show pharmacologically activating RXR-α with bexarotene significantly accelerated hematoma clearance and alleviated neurological dysfunction after ICH. RXR-α was expressed in the microglia/macrophages, neurons, and astrocytes. Mechanistically, bexarotene promoted the nuclear translocation of RXR-α and PPAR-γ, alongside reducing neuroinflammation by modulating microglia/macrophages reprograming into the M2 phenotype from the M1 phenotype. However, all the beneficial effects of RXR-α in ICH were reversed by the PPAR-γ inhibitor GW9662. In conclusion, the pharmacological activation of RXR-α conferred robust neuroprotection against ICH by accelerating hematoma clearance and repolarizing microglia/macrophages towards the M2 phenotype through PPAR-γ-related mechanisms. Our data support the notion that RXR-α might be a promising therapeutic target for ICH.
Endereçados, com fogo, do fim do mundo
Authors: Negretti Natalia 
Published: February 2021

Este ensaio visual, ao tomar certos muros como anúncios de evocações, se propõe como diálogo entre índices de memória argentina. Atenta-se a um conjunto de manifestações artísticas e culturais (DIOGENES, 2020) como parte de um campo de linguagem e visibilidade relacionados a apropriação de espaço público (CAMPOS, 2012). Transcorreu de um processo de pesquisa que se emaranhou a um índice de significação comum (BOSI, 2012) com o próprio percurso deste ensaio: aproximar-se de lugares e de uma discussão sobre memória.
Therapeutic Potential of Essential Oil-based Microemulsions: Reviewing State-of-the-art
Authors: Thakur Divya , Kaur Gurpreet , Puri Ashana , Nanda Rajat 
Published: February 2021

:
A pre-eminent emulsion-based micellar drug delivery system, “microemulsion”, comprising
drug in oil or water phase, stabilized by surfactants and co-surfactants, has been evidenced
to have a phenomenal role in a number of applications. Oils play an important role in the formation
of ME and increase the drug absorption at the site of action. Oils employed in microemulsion formulation
solubilize lipophilic drug. As the concept of “natural” therapies is recently gaining importance
amongst researchers all over the world, scientists are employing essential oil as an organic
component in this system. The active components of essential oils include flavonoids, phenylpropanoids,
monoterpenes and polyunsaturated mega-6-fatty acids. These oils are enriched with characteristic
intrinsic properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, etc., bestowing enhanced
supremacy to the whole microemulsion system. This mini-review is the first to document
various types of essential oils employed in microemulsion systems and highlight their therapeutic
potential and applications as drug delivery vehicles. Key inferences from this study suggest: 1)
Clove oil is the most explored oil for incorporation into a microemulsion based system, followed
by peppermint and Tea Tree Oil (TTO). 2) Penetration enhancing effects of these oils are due to
the presence of terpenic constituents. 3) Essential oil based microemulsions protect volatility of
ethereal oils and protect them from degradation in the presence of light, air, temperature. 4) These
systems may also be explored for their applications in different industries like aromatherapy, food,
drink, fragrance, flavour, cosmeceutical, soap, petroleum and pharmaceutical industry.
A Survey on Machine Learning Based Medical Assistive Systems in Current
Oncological Sciences
Authors: Goyal Bhawna , Kaur Bobbinpreet , Daniel Ebenezer 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Cancer is one of the life threatening disease which is affecting a large number of population worldwide. The cancer cells multiply inside the body without showing much symptoms on the surface of the skin thereby making it difficult to predict and detect at the onset of disease. Many organizations are working towards automating the process of cancer detection with minimal false detection rates.

Introduction:
The machine learning algorithms serve to be a promising alternative to support health care practitioners to rule out the disease and predict the growth with various imaging and statistical analysis tools. The medical practitioners are utilizing the output of these algorithms to diagnose and design the course of treatment. These algorithms are capable of finding out the risk level of the patient and can reduce the mortality rate concerning to cancer disease.

Method:
This article presents the existing state of art techniques for identifying cancer affecting human organs based on machine learning models. The supported set of imaging operations are also elaborated for each type of Cancer.

Conclusion:
The CAD tools are the aid for the diagnostic radiologists for preliminary investigations and detecting the nature of tumor cells.
Going Remote—Demonstration and Evaluation of Remote Technology Delivery and Usability Assessment With Older Adults: Survey Study
Authors: Hill Jordan R , Harrington Addison B , Adeoye Philip , Campbell Noll L , Holden Richard J 
Published: February 2021

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated “going remote” with the delivery, support, and assessment of a study intervention targeting older adults enrolled in a clinical trial. While remotely delivering and assessing technology is not new, there are few methods available in the literature that are proven to be effective with diverse populations, and none for older adults specifically. Older adults comprise a diverse population, including in terms of their experience with and access to technology, making this a challenging endeavor.

Objective
Our objective was to remotely deliver and conduct usability testing for a mobile health (mHealth) technology intervention for older adult participants enrolled in a clinical trial of the technology. This paper describes the methodology used, its successes, and its limitations.

Methods
We developed a conceptual model for remote operations, called the Framework for Agile and Remote Operations (FAR Ops), that combined the general requirements for spaceflight operations with Agile project management processes to quickly respond to this challenge. Using this framework, we iteratively created care packages that differed in their contents based on participant needs and were sent to study participants to deliver the study intervention—a medication management app—and assess its usability. Usability data were collected using the System Usability Scale (SUS) and a novel usability questionnaire developed to collect more in-depth data.

Results
In the first 6 months of the project, we successfully delivered 21 care packages. We successfully designed and deployed a minimum viable product in less than 6 weeks, generally maintained a 2-week sprint cycle, and achieved a 40% to 50% return rate for both usability assessment instruments. We hypothesize that lack of engagement due to the pandemic and our use of asynchronous communication channels contributed to the return rate of usability assessments being lower than desired. We also provide general recommendations for performing remote usability testing with diverse populations based on the results of our work, including implementing screen sharing capabilities when possible, and determining participant preference for phone or email communications.

Conclusions
The FAR Ops model allowed our team to adopt remote operations for our mHealth trial in response to interruptions from the COVID-19 pandemic. This approach can be useful for other research or practice-based projects under similar circumstances or to improve efficiency, cost, effectiveness, and participant diversity in general. In addition to offering a replicable approach, this paper tells the often-untold story of practical challenges faced by mHealth projects and practical strategies used to address them.

Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04121858; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04121858
TREATMENT FOR CONJUNCTIVOCHALASIS: A COMBINED APPROACH UTILIZING RADIOFREQUENCY CAUTERIZATION AND THERMALIDTM PROCEDURE
Authors: Nguyen Liem , Jaccoma Edward 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundDry Eye Disease (DED) and related ocular surface diseases have multiple etiologies, but two of the most prevalent are Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) and Conjunctivochalasis (CCH). This study examines a customizable two-step approach utilizing radiofrequency to treat these two commonly coexisting condi-tions and provide patients with relief from DED signs and symptoms.
Study DesignAn IRB approved retrospective chart review of 25 consecutively treated patients was conducted. Patients were included if they presented with DED symptoms and were treated with a combination treatment approach to improve both MGD and CCH, with pre- and post-treatment dry eye metrics outlined below. Follow-up visit information was compared to pre-treatment baseline to evaluate the efficacy and safety of treatment.
ResultsStatistically significant results were observed in a decrease in symptoms as evaluated by the primary endpoints of the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire and an increase in the number of Meibomian Glands Yielding Liquid Secretion (MGYLS). Tear Meniscus Height also saw statistically significant improvement while Non-invasive Tear Break-Up Time (NTBUT) and Schirmer’s saw minor progress. Clinical evaluation and ocular surface photographs showed marked improvement in CCH with minimal observed side effects during post-operative follow-up visits.
ConclusionA two-step approach utilizing a radiofrequency device to treat dry eye symptoms provides significant clinical improvement and symptomatic relief for a broad spectrum of patients who had received a variety of prior treatments for DED.
THE EFFECT OF LIQUIDITY, COMPANY SIZE, AND INDEPENDENT COMMISSIONER ON TAX AGGRESSIVENESS
Authors: Athifah Lydia Nur , Mahpudin Endang 
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of liquidity, company size, and independent commissioners on tax aggressiveness. This research was conducted at the food and beverage sub-sector consumer goods companies in the period 2014-2018. The data analysis technique used is the linear regression test. Based on the research results, it is known that partially liquidity does not significantly influence tax aggressiveness, company size significantly influences tax aggressiveness, and independent commissioners do not significantly influence tax aggressiveness, and simultaneously independent variables such as liquidity, company size, and commissioners The independent variables jointly influence the dependent variable, namely tax aggressiveness.
Keywords : Liquidity; Company Size; and Independent Commissioner