bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
"Shaking His Hairy Chaps": The Iconography of Bearded Snakes
Authors:   , Murdoch Jaimee 
Published: December 2021

<p>The bearded snake is an unusual motif that appears in a variety of contexts and media throughout the Classical world. It is used in Greek, Etruscan, Roman, and Egyptian art and literature. This thesis addresses the Greek use of the bearded snake. The beard of the snake, much like the beard of a human figure, varies in terms of its size, shape, and level of detailing. It may be a simple single line or a series of long, clearly defined hairs. The use of this human feature on serpents has received minimal attention. When the motif is discussed it is generally only considered in terms of its use in one context, such as on depictions of Zeus Meilichios or on the Lakonian hero reliefs. The aim of this thesis is to discuss the use of the bearded snake in the most common contexts in which it may occur in order to provide a better understanding of the meaning of this unusual motif. Such contexts include anguiform deities, pure serpents, hybrid creatures, and attributes of monsters and deities. Two of the more influential explanations of the use of the beard are those by Aelian, from the third century AD, and Jane Harrison, from 1903. These interpretations consider the bearded snake in slightly different terms. Where Aelian believes the beard to indicate a male serpent, Harrison considers the feature to be a means through which the snake is implied to be an anthropomorphic deity. Chapter One provides the background interpretations of the snake and the beard as distinct motifs. The findings from this chapter will form the basis for the interpretations given in Chapters Two and Three. Chapter Two considers the flaws of Aelian’s explanation of the beard as an indicator of gender, by looking at the use of the beard in the context of divine and monstrous women such as Medusa and Athena. Chapter Three addresses Harrison’s anthropomorphic argument, by considering both anguiform and non-anguiform figures. This will provide a wider range of contexts than either Aelian or Harrison discuss. In doing so, I intend to consider the meaning of the bearded snake using a considerably larger range of sources, in order to give the best possible explanation for this unusual motif.</p>
Elevation: Folding the Interior
Authors:   , Kilgour Kristin Grace 
Published: December 2021

<p>This research anticipates that by repurposing the interior of existing and vacant historic architecture, significant to the community it serves, the life span of buildings can be prolonged. This in turn will lead to the progress of New Zealand’s history in architecture. This research proposes to introduce a transient intervention, in which design disregards the site context and is influenced by the historic materials. The design offers new and relative functions for buildings, thereby offering a stay of demolition, for a period of time. It reasons that the process of repurposing can be done exclusively through interior development, using installation methods that will not compromise the integrity of the historic materials. This will enable the design to be removed and the architecture to be returned to the condition it was in prior to the engagement of this research design. It is assumed by research that at this time the building’s historic value will outweigh the perceived financial gains of redevelopment. Change is inevitable in society. However, architecture is not so malleable and tends to resist change. It needs help adjusting with time. When communities develop, buildings do not always meet their increasing demands. They can become too small or the programme loses relevance. According to Johannes Cramer and Stefan Breitling “architecture should outlive humans” (Cramer), however, Heritage New Zealand notes that in the last fourteen years 26 historically listed buildings have been demolished to accommodate redevelopment, in New Zealand. This research takes three sites from Lower Hutt to represent this architecture in need. Each will give new insight for physical material and intangible features which are important to retain when working to preserve historic architecture.</p>
Anti-Static: Overcoming Suburbia through Kinetic spaces
Authors:   , Rogers Thomas Hugo 
Published: December 2021

<p>Problem: Anti-Static critiques economically driven development that is exclusive of the natural environment creating uninspiring places comparable to low density urban environments. It proposes a new system of building, using motion of traditionally static elements, that encourages flexibility of space, sharing, and achieves higher densities and better connections to the natural context. Location: A strong reliance on vehicular transport and the ‘Pavlova Paradise’, or quarter-acre dream mind-set has created a sprawling built environment and inflexible building stock that threatens to engulf the landscape. Queenstown is an extreme example of this condition; intense pressure to develop is resisted by a need to protect the beautiful environment that attracts nearly two million visitors annually. Current solutions look to satellite towns, but this poses many issues regarding increased infrastructure use and environmental degradation. Aims and Objectives: This thesis applies the system to propose new standards for upwards and inwards development that focuses on sequestering integrated public open space. The theoretical component of this thesis argues for the intertwining of an objective and subjective theory: ‘Biophilia’ and ‘Picturesque Beauty’. It is argued that ‘picturesque beauty’, a visual style that appreciates natural composition, is strengthened by the contemporary theory of Biophilia, which states that people are intrinsically drawn to natural processes. The aims of this thesis are to develop a way of improving density, desirability and environmental performance of the suburban environment. It also aims to encourage an effective engagement with, integration into and connection to the natural environment. These aims are achieved by firstly establishing a case for environmental reintegration, understanding the benefits, requirements and visual theory so that it may be integrated effectively, secondly by researching and interrogating current systems from dense environments that improve efficiency through motion within buildings, establishing their context, intention and effectiveness, thirdly by designing and implementing a system that improves the spatial variety, environmental connection and efficiency through an iterative process, finally by testing the design in a comparative masterplan to an existing development and commenting on the success based on the established criteria.</p>
Governing addiction: The Alcohol and Other Drug Treatment Court in New Zealand
Authors:   , Carr Toni 
Published: December 2021

<p>The New Zealand Alcohol and other Drug Treatment Court (AODTC) is an innovative approach to addressing offending by people with an alcohol or other drug addiction. Based on the United States Drug Treatment Court model, the AODTC aims to reduce reoffending, reduce addiction and support offenders’ health and wellbeing. Most studies of DTCs are quantitative and focus on recidivism rates and cost-effectiveness. There have been relatively few in-depth studies of how DTCs operate and even fewer that focus on the offender’s experience. This thesis is a critical study of the Auckland and Waitakere AODTCs and is the first study of its kind in New Zealand. Conducted over seven months, the fieldwork involved 536 hours of observations, interviews with offenders and informal conversations with court workers, treatment providers and offenders’ families. The research also included extensive analysis of documents produced by and about the AODTC pilot and the US counterparts. The research found that the AODTC operates in a largely unregulated problem-solving court zone. The wide discretion of judges and collaboration with community treatment providers, lauded by proponents of the AODTC as key to its therapeutic effectiveness, were found to create a number of significant harms for participants. In addition, the focus on addiction as a disease and abstinence as a goal and measure of progress invites judicial subjectivity and places considerable burdens on participants. The research also found that the AODTC metes out punishment under the guise of treatment, preventing participants from accessing treatment and breach the principle of proportionality in their responses to offending and non-compliance. The competing goals of treatment and punishment also prevent participants from receiving adequate support in the AODTC programme. In particular, Māori, women, transgender, offenders with a coexisting disorder and brain injury are less likely to have access to the right treatment and proper support. These findings challenge the assumptions that the AODTC therapeutic mandate treats AOD related offending and supports offenders’ health and wellbeing. In order to protect AODTC offenders, a series of recommendations for change are made to constrain judicial involvement in treatment, to provide better options for community-based treatment and to ensure appropriate addiction treatment services. Overall, the thesis provides valuable empirical insight into how the AODTC and the criminal justice system constitute AOD offending, addiction treatment policies, and manage the addicted offender to accomplish recovery. It also adds important data to the international pool of DTC ethnographies and problem-solving court literature, providing a point of focus from which to consider broader policy and evaluative criteria of people’s experiences of treatment in the problem-solving court. It is hoped that this research is able to contribute to law reform involving specialist problem solving courts in New Zealand.</p>
Minimal mindreaders let spinning dogs lie: New evidence for the dual-process account of human mindreading
Authors:   , Edwards Katheryn 
Published: December 2021

<p>Five experiments investigated evidence for a dual-process account of mindreading (Apperly, 2010). This account is motivated by two puzzles: First, why is it that three-year-olds fail standard false-belief tests when looking patterns infer that infants are sensitive to others’ false beliefs? Secondly, why is adult mindreading sometimes slow and effortful, and at other times fast and effortless? The seemingly contradictory observations may be explained by drawing upon two relatively distinct mindreading abilities: ‘Efficient’ processing supports precocious infant performances in non-verbal tasks and fast-paced social interaction in adults, while the later developing ‘flexible’ processing permits full blown understanding of beliefs and facilitates correct verbal responding in standard false-belief tests. Evidence for this theory can be sought by exploiting the idea that there are ‘signature limits’ to the type of information that can be efficiently processed. One conjecture is that representations underpinning efficient belief-tracking relate agents to objects, leading to the prediction that efficient processing cannot handle false-beliefs involving identity. Experiments 1 and 2 used a novel action-prediction paradigm to determine if adults’ reaction-time patterns differed between two false-belief tasks, one involving a standard change-of-location scenario, and one which also incorporated an identity component. The findings revealed equivalent flexible processing across both tasks. However, there were distinct reaction-time profiles between the tasks such that efficient belief-tracking was only observed in the change-of-location task. The absence of efficient processing in the task incorporating an identity component supports the conjecture that efficient belief-tracking is limited to relational, rather than propositional attitudes. A second conjecture is that representations underpinning efficient belief-tracking either do not specify agents’ locations or do not specify objects’ orientations. This leads to the prediction that efficient belief-tracking alone will not yield expectations about agents’ perspectives. In a novel object-detection paradigm, Experiments 3 to 5 tested the extent to which adults efficiently tracked the belief of a passive bystander in two closely-matched but conceptually distinct tasks. In a task involving homogenous objects, reaction times were involuntarily influenced by the presence of the bystander. By contrast, in a second task in which the object could be differently perceived depending on where the agent was located in relation to that object, the presence of the agent did not influence adults’ response times, supporting the second conjecture.</p>
NAVIGATING THE ILLEGIBLE STATE: EVERYDAY EXPERIENCES OF STATELESSNESS AMONG SHAN YOUTH IN NORTHERN THAILAND
Authors:   , Cheva-Isarakul Janepicha 
Published: December 2021

<p>Home to more than half-a-million stateless persons, Thailand provides a unique case study for understanding modern-day statelessness. Since 2005, the country has significantly expanded the rights of non-citizen children to allow access for basic education, civil registration, universal birth registration and healthcare, but still restricts physical mobility of stateless persons to the provincial level and has made the level of education a criterion for citizenship. These new regimes of governing statelessness both marginalise and include stateless people in the formal state systems. This thesis examines the complex dynamics between exclusion and inclusion that stateless Shan youth in northern Thailand experience in their everyday lives. Based on 13-months of ethnographic fieldwork over the course of three years (2015-2018) conducted in the wake of UNHCR’s Global Campaign to End Statelessness, this thesis describes how childhood statelessness in the 21st century is interpreted, determined and governed by the Thai state, and how stateless Shan youth make sense of the label of statelessness, make decisions about their future, challenge the idea of national identity and negotiate their place within the society that simultaneously includes and excludes them. I explore how, despite the Thai state’s public commitment to resolve statelessness in the past few years, the path toward Thai citizenship for many stateless youth is still fraught with various legal obstacles that tie together remnants of the legal and social exclusion from the past with a complex politics of proof in the present. In this thesis, I use the framework of “state illegibility” to capture the Thai state’s past and present opaqueness, inscrutable, contradictory and unpredictable bureaucratic practices, and demonstrate the burdens placed on stateless youth to “read” the state and navigate its opacity in their everyday life. Having learned the roles of documents and aesthetics in mediating membership, I demonstrate how Shan youth negotiate the impact of statelessness through various strategies such as using their bodies to perform “Thainess” and assert belonging, acquiring false documents, emphasising their Shan identity to get scholarships, and secretly obtaining Myanmar citizenship as an alternative option. Through these ethnographic accounts, I not only explore the effects of new regimes of governing statelessness, but also the way such regimes are adopted, manipulated, and enacted by the stateless youth to produce liveable futures for themselves.</p>
Capital market effects of adoption of IFRS
Authors:   , Opare Solomon 
Published: December 2021

<p>This thesis examines the impact of adoption of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) on two aspects of the operation of capital markets. Firstly, the impact of adoption of IFRS on financial reporting comparability, market liquidity, and cost of capital. Secondly, the impact of adoption of IFRS on seasoned equity offering (SEO) underperformance. To examine the impact of adoption of IFRS on financial reporting comparability, market liquidity, and cost of capital, the study used meta-analysis of empirical studies published since 2000. Meta-analysis provides an objective view of the empirical results, in contrast to narrative reviews, which offer subjective conclusions. From meta-analysis of 55 empirical studies with 1,259 effect sizes, the study finds that IFRS adoption has increased financial reporting comparability, market liquidity, and reduced cost of equity. For cost of debt, a decrease is observed only for voluntary adoption. The meta-regression analysis shows how the results differ across mandatory and voluntary adoption of IFRS and that the measurement choices, type of control variables, study design, and strength of empirical results explain the variation in the observed effect of adoption of IFRS. To examine the impact of adoption of IFRS on SEO underperformance the study analyses a large sample of SEOs from 51 countries over the period 1992-2017. Given that the empirical literature on SEOs has established that information asymmetry contributes to SEO underperformance, it is important to assess whether adoption of IFRS has reduced the uncertainties surrounding SEOs and, thus, subsequent underperformance. The study employs a control sample of non-IFRS adoption countries and applies a difference-in-difference (DiD) design to test for the incremental change for IFRS adoption countries over non-IFRS adoption countries. The study finds that SEO underperformance reduces for IFRS adopters relative to non-IFRS adopters in the post-adoption period. The reduction in SEO underperformance is influenced by increased disclosure, increased comparability, and number of accounting changes. The study also finds that the impact of adoption of IFRS on SEO underperformance exists only for firms in countries with strong enforcement, and is conditional on the implementation credibility of countries. The findings are robust to the application of a different measure of SEO underperformance. Overall, the study suggests that IFRS has had a positive impact on capital markets. However, increased disclosure, comparability, and credible implementation play important roles in realising the benefits of adoption of IFRS. Thus, policymakers of weak enforcement countries are encouraged to strengthen their institutional environment in order to reap the benefits that adoption of IFRS can provide to their capital market.</p>
Indo-Fijian Fishing Communities: Relationships with Taukei in Coastal Fisheries
Authors:   , Reddy Chinnamma 
Published: December 2021

<p>In the Pacific, customary marine tenure-ship and management has been practised for centuries. Community based marine resource management (CBMRM) initiatives have seen governments, local communities and non-government organisations adopt various management tools to improve coastal fisheries. Despite these efforts, there are growing concerns over the decline of fisheries resources and the subsequent social-ecological problems that affect coastal communities. In the last three decades, Fiji, has implemented various forms of CBMRM initiatives with varying social-ecological successes. Marine management and conservation efforts across the 410 qoliqoli areas (fishing grounds) are predominantly driven by Indigenous Taukei communities and non-government conservation organisations (NGOs). Over the past two years local communities, NGOs, and government have led and supported new management efforts to improve fisheries sustainability in the country. Non-Indigenous resource users are limited by social and political policies to access and participate in coastal resource management. Fijians of Indian descent (Indo-Fijians) represent the second-largest ethnic group in Fiji and are engaged in both subsistence and artisanal fisheries. Their involvement and participation within the broader socio- economic and socio-political aspects of coastal fisheries is considerable, however, remains hidden. Using a qualitative approach, this study explores the issues, challenges, and opportunities that Indo-Fijian communities experience in the coastal fisheries sector in Ba Province, Fiji. Findings from the research illustrate the informal yet complex nature of socio-economic and socio-cultural community relationships between customary Taukei qoliqoli owners and Indo-Fijian people. The role of Indo-Fijian women within the coastal fisheries sector is notable. The success of contemporary CBRMN in Fiji is dependent upon a re- imagined, re-adapted, diverse approach. Most importantly, this research provides an opportunity to foster discussion within contemporary community based marine management and conservation efforts currently in place by customary Taukei qoliqoli owners, conservation organisations and the government.</p>
Planting Seeds: For a Food Secure Future
Authors:   , Parsot Anesha 
Published: December 2021

<p>Food insecurity affects a large number of young New Zealanders every day. It is associated with low-income families and exists when people do not have access to enough healthy food, experience hunger, consume less nutritious foods due to limited options or rely on food relief and banks (Dastgheib). In New Zealand, there is a rising concern for food insecurity among adolescents. In 2012, 11% of young people reported food insecurity often or always, with 33% reporting food insecurity concerns occasionally (this being a 3% and 5% increase from 2007) (Utter, Izumi and Denny). Other issues are the increasing rates of obesity and other health concerns. (Stevenson, Growing Healthy Communities 37). The New Zealand population has one of the highest levels of obesity in the world, and this is a reflection of food insecurity and poverty (Thomas and Hunt). When families are food insecure, they are more likely to turn to the ease and affordability of fast food and highly processed food for their meals (Utter, Izumi and Denny). However, a diet based on fast-food has a low nutritious value and may generate a vicious cycle of obesity. An unhealthy meal reduces the amount of energy and motivation someone has (Cespedes). When adolescents consume a high level of fast food, the motivation to work is decreased, leading to lower grades, suspension and unemployment later in life (Government of South Australia; Gorton 3). In addition to this, their health and wellbeing are threatened, and medical bills can rise significantly producing a cycle of poverty (Todd). This research proposal will try to break the cycle of food security and poverty by providing families with an alternative choice to fast-food and takeaways. A pavilion is designed for Otara, Auckland, which combines the programme of a church, greenhouse and a community kitchen to encourage a healthy lifestyle. It will be located near Ferguson Intermediate and provide the facilities and environment to help individuals overcome food insecurity in their households.</p>