bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: Results of the Prospective Controlled Multinational GI-COVID-19 Study
Authors: Marasco Giovanni , Cremon Cesare , Barbaro Maria Raffaella , Salvi Daniele , Cacciari Giulia , Kagramanova Anna , Bordin Dmitry , Drug Vasile , Miftode Edgidia , Fusaroli Pietro , Mohamed Salem Youssef , Ricci Chiara , Bellini Massimo , Rahman M. Masudur , Melcarne Luigi , Santos Javier , Lobo Beatriz , Bor Serhat , Yapali Suna , Akyol Deniz , Sapmaz Ferdane Pirincci , Urun Yonca Yilmaz , Eskazan Tugce , Celebi Altay , Kacmaz Huseyin , Ebik Berat , Binicier Hatice Cilem , Bugdayci Mehmet Sait , Yağcı Munkhtsetseg Banzragch , Pullukcu Husnu , Kaya Berrin Yalınbas , Tureyen Ali , Hatemi İbrahim , Koc Elif Sitre , Sirin Goktug , Calıskan Ali Riza , Bengi Goksel , Alıs Esra Ergun , Lukic Snezana , Trajkovska Meri , Hod Keren , Dumitrascu Dan , Pietrangelo Antonello , Corradini Elena , Simren Magnus , Sjolund Jessica , Tornkvist Navkiran , Ghoshal Uday C. , Kolokolnikova Olga , Colecchia Antonio , Serra Jordi , Maconi Giovanni , De Giorgio Roberto , Danese Silvio , Portincasa Pietro , Di Stefano Michele , Maggio Marcello , Philippou Elena , Lee Yeong Yeh , Venturi Alessandro , Borghi Claudio , Zoli Marco , Gionchetti Paolo , Viale Pierluigi , Stanghellini Vincenzo , Barbara Giovanni ,   and the GI-COVID19 Study Group
Published: November 2021

INTRODUCTION:
Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) have been reported with great variability and without standardization. In hospitalized patients, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of GI symptoms, factors associated with their occurrence, and variation at 1 month.

METHODS:
The GI-COVID-19 is a prospective, multicenter, controlled study. Patients with and without COVID-19 diagnosis were recruited at hospital admission and asked for GI symptoms at admission and after 1 month, using the validated Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale questionnaire.

RESULTS:
The study included 2036 hospitalized patients. A total of 871 patients (575 COVID+ and 296 COVID−) were included for the primary analysis. GI symptoms occurred more frequently in patients with COVID-19 (59.7%; 343/575 patients) than in the control group (43.2%; 128/296 patients) (P < 0.001). Patients with COVID-19 complained of higher presence or intensity of nausea, diarrhea, loose stools, and urgency as compared with controls. At a 1-month follow-up, a reduction in the presence or intensity of GI symptoms was found in COVID-19 patients with GI symptoms at hospital admission. Nausea remained increased over controls. Factors significantly associated with nausea persistence in COVID-19 were female sex, high body mass index, the presence of dyspnea, and increased C-reactive protein levels.

DISCUSSION:
The prevalence of GI symptoms in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is higher than previously reported. Systemic and respiratory symptoms are often associated with GI complaints. Nausea may persist after the resolution of COVID-19 infection.
Inadequate design of mutation detection panels prevents interpretation of variants of concern: results of an external quality assessment for SARS-CoV-2 variant detection
Authors: Buchta Christoph , Camp Jeremy V. , Jovanovic Jovana , Radler Ulla , Benka Bernhard , Puchhammer-Stöckl Elisabeth , Müller Mathias M. , Griesmacher Andrea , Aberle Stephan W. , Görzer Irene 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Mutation-specific PCR assays have quickly found their way into laboratory diagnostics due to their capacity to be a fast, easy to implement and high-throughput method for the detection of known SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs). However, little is known about the performance of such assays in routine laboratory analysis.

Methods
The results reported in a recent round of an external quality assessment (EQA) scheme for SARS-CoV-2 mutation-specific PCR were retrospectively analyzed. For the determination of individual variant-specific sequences as well as for the interpretation results for certain virus variants, correct, incorrect, and unreported results were evaluated, and their possible causes were investigated.

Results
A total of 34 laboratories participated in this study. For five samples containing the VoC Alpha + E484K, Beta, Gamma, Delta, or B.1.1.318 (as a variant of interest), 848 results for SARS-2-CoV mutation detection were reported, 824 (97.2%, range per sample 88–100%) of which were correct. Melting curve assays gave 99% correct results, real-time RT-qPCR 94%, microarray-based assays 100%, and MALDI-TOF MS 96%. A total of 122/167 (73%) reported results for SARS-CoV-2 variant determination were correct. Of the 45 inconclusive or incorrect results, 33 (73%) were due to inadequate selection of targets that did not allow identification of contemporary VoC, 11 (24%) were due to incorrect results, and one (3%) was due to correct results of mutation-specific PCR.

Conclusions
Careful and up-to-date selection of the targets used in mutation-specific PCR is essential for successful detection of current SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Potency and selectivity indices of Myristica fragrans Houtt. mace chloroform extract against non-clinical and clinical human pathogens
Authors: Abutaha Nael , Al-Keridis Lamya Ahmed , Mohamed Rania Ali El Hadi , AL-mekhlafi Fahd A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study assessed the antimicrobial, toxicity, and phytochemical profiles of Myristica fragrans extracts. Different solvent extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against clinical and reference microbial strains, using disc and well diffusion assays and microdilution techniques. Antioxidant potential was investigated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. Cytotoxicity assay was conducted against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Acute toxicity was assessed in laboratory Swiss albino mice at a single dose of 2,000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. To assess the phytochemical constituents, spectrophotometric and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods were used. The chloroform extract revealed antimicrobial potencies against the Gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans with minimum inhibitory concentrations. In the DPPH assay, the IC50 value of the chloroform extract was determined to be 1.49 mg/mL. The phenolic and flavonoid contents were 26.64 ±  0.1 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g and 8.28  ± 0.1 mg quercetin equivalents/g, respectively. The IC50 value was determined to be 49 µg/mL against the HUVEC line. No mortality or morbidity was observed. GC-MS analysis indicated the presence of 2-cyclopenten-1-one (44.72%) as a major compound. The current results provide scientific support for the use of M. fragrans in folk medicine.
What determines governments’ response time to COVID-19? A cross-country inquiry on the measure restricting internal movements
Authors: De Simone Elina , Mourao Paulo Reis 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
After the appearance of the first COVID-19 cases and deaths, countries’ responses were enacted at different points in time. This paper explores the factors behind the timeliness of travel restriction policies at the onset of the pandemic. Using instrumental variable techniques on a sample of 149 countries, our empirical exercise shows that while urban population and political stability are conducive to a prompt activation of a government’s lockdown policy after initial cases, a country’s wealth and the rule of law may produce an opposite effect. When the time from first deaths is considered, the presence of a female leader, net migration levels, voice and accountability, and political stability are associated with a quicker launch of a domestic travel restriction policy, while democracy and a country’s wealth may represent an obstacle to an immediate policy activation.
Preparation, optical properties, and thermal stability of polyvinyl butyral composite films containing core (lanthanum hexaboride)–shell (titanium dioxide)-structured nanoparticles
Authors: Tang Hongbo , Zhou Jian , Zhong Shengkui , Su Yuchang , Shu Qunwei , Xiao Lihua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Nano-sized lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6)@ titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles with a core–shell structure has been successfully synthesized via a simple sol–gel method. LaB6@TiO2 particles were used as filler in polyvinyl butyral (PVB) matrix and performance of the TiO2 shell was evaluated. The core–shell nanoparticles were characterized for morphology and structure properties. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope testing results confirm the formation of LaB6–TiO2 core–shell structure. In composite film, LaB6 improved the thermo-decomposing temperature of PVB matrix from 369.2 to 372.8°C, while the same amount of LaB6@TiO2 further increased the temperature to 381.0°C. In addition, TiO2 shell redshifted the maximum transmittance of the film from 605 to 669 nm in the visible region. In the near infrared region, its absorption peak shifted from 1,466 to 1,476 nm. This result will be helpful for the development of transparent and thermal insulating materials.
Enjeux autour de la pratique enseignante en contexte d’enseignement distancié
Authors: Carpentier Geneviève , Sauvageau Claudine , Roy Normand 
Published: November 2021

Au primaire, le retour en classe à l’automne 2020, marqué par une distanciation physique entre les élèves et les enseignants.es, pose certains enjeux. Cet enseignement distancié influence notamment la pratique enseignante par l’ajustement des gestes professionnels au regard des diverses préoccupations éducatives, soit le pilotage, l’atmosphère, le tissage, l’étayage et les savoirs visés. Cet article présente les résultats issus d’une recherche descriptive, dont la collecte de données a permis d’interroger dix enseignantes du primaire à propos de l’ajustement de leurs pratiques en contexte d’enseignement distancié. Les résultats révèlent des adaptations prédominantes des pratiques relativement à l’atmosphère et aux savoirs visés.
A Mixed Study on the Effectiveness of Verbal Praise in Primary School Class
Authors: Zhang Shiyuan , Du Xinrong , Deng Jie 
Published: November 2021

Verbal praise is frequently used as motivation by teachers in class and truly effective verbal praise plays an important role in maintaining classroom order and stimulating positive student behavior. In this study, students from three classes of X Primary School of Jiangxi Province were interviewed and 328 verbal praise expressions collected. The subsequent empirical study on the effectiveness of verbal praise in four dimensions, namely content, spatiality, subjectivity and time, found that verbal praise generates both shallow and deep effects. The shallow effects act as a foundation for deep effects but do not necessarily result in deep effects. Other conditions are required to actualize a deep effect.
MiR-224 ameliorates inflammation and symptoms in mouse model of allergic rhinitis by targeting CDK9
Authors: Wang Sang , Wang Lei , Hu Hua , Dong Pin 
Published: November 2021

Objectives To explore the regulatory effects of microRNA (miRNA)-224 and its potential target gene, cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9), in the pathological process of allergic rhinitis (AR).
Methods To investigate the role of miR-224 and CDK9, it was screened by bioinformatics prediction software and verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay. The mouse model of AR was established by ovalbumin (OVA).The animal models were intervened with miR-224 agomir, negative control agomir, and saline respectively. The symptoms of sneezing and nasal rubbing were recorded. The expressions of miR224, CDK9, and cytokines in the nasal mucosa of different groups were analyzed by rt-PCR or western blotting. Enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the levels of IgE and Histamine (HA) in the serum. The infiltration of inflammatory cells in the nasal mucosa was studied by immunohistochemistry. The expression and distribution of CDK9 in the nasal mucosa of mice were revealed by immunofluorescence.
Results In the nasal mucosa of the animal models, the level of miR-224 was downregulated, while that of CDK9 was upregulated. The upregulation of miR-224 by miR-224 agomir reduced the frequencies of nasal rubbing and sneezing, the expression of CDK9, the levels of cytokines, and the concentrations of IgE and HA. Moreover, miR-224 appeared to attenuate the infiltration of inflammatory cells and hypersecretion of glands in the nasal mucosa. The expression of CDK9, which was distributed under the mucosa, especially in the submucosa interstitial tissue, was significantly reduced.
Conclusion MiR-224 affected the pathogenesis of AR by targeting CDK9. It proves that miR-224 could be a novel potential therapeutic target for AR.
Bruceine D ameliorates the balance of Th1/Th2 in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma via inhibiting the NOTCH pathway
Authors: Nie Ying , Yang Bangkun , Hu Junfeng , Zhang Lingling , Ma Zhimin 
Published: November 2021

Allergic asthma is a heterogeneous inflammatory disorder triggered by inhaled allergens, leading to airflow obstruction, bronchial inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). T helper (Th) 2 cell-mediated immune response and airway inflammation are the key features of allergic asthma. Bruceine D (BD) is a bioactive compound extracted from the seeds of Brucea javanica. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of increased doses of BD on AHR, secretion of Th1-/Th2-associated cytokines, and inflammatory cell infiltration in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma mice. The results showed that BD reduced OVA-induced inflammatory cell infiltration and bronchial hyperresponsiveness into the peribronchial tissues and perivascular areas. Mice treated with BD also showed significantly decreased expressions of Th2-associated cytokines (i.e., interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and elevated production of Th1-associated cytokines (i.e., interferon gamma and IL-2) following OVA stimulation. BD treatment dose-dependently inhibited OVA-induced accumulation of inflammatory cells in asthmatic mice. Further analysis revealed that OVA exposure upregulated pulmonary expressions of NOTCH signaling receptors, a group of transmembrane proteins that communicate signals upon binding to transmembrane ligands expressed on adjacent cells, while BD treatment significantly abolished OVA-induced activation of the NOTCH pathway. In conclusion, BD protected mice against OVA-induced allergic asthma by reducing AHR and restoring the Th1/Th2 balance through the NOTCH signaling pathway. Our findings highlighted the potential of BD as a therapeutic agent for allergic asthma.
Devising a method to control the operational quality and reliability of fiber-optical communication lines
Authors: Kiforuk Sergii 
Published: November 2021

The lack of recommendations in the normative and technical documentation related to fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL) for assessing their technical condition necessitated devising a method to control the lines' quality and reliability of operation.
The method creates the basis for calculating the quality and reliability indicators of FOCL operation and suggests measures to improve them. It determines the methods of control, as well as the acquisition, accounting, and analysis of damage statistics with and without interruption of communication.
The graphic sequence of implementation of the stages of the method demonstrates that resolving the task to control these indicators should involve:
– managing the acquisition and actual acquisition of operational data on damages (the causes, nature, quantity, the duration of communication breakdown and complete elimination of damage);
– determining the quality and reliability indicators of FOCL operation annually;
– analysis of the obtained results and the development (correction) of measures to comply with the norms of these indicators;
– the implementation of measures to comply with the norms of quality and reliability of FOCL operation (if necessary).
Based on the operational data from a line operator acquired over three years in the specified climatic zone (a cable of the type OKLBg-3 DA12-3×4E-0.4F3.5/0.22N18-12/0), the methodical component of the method was examined.
The obtained results on the operational quality (damage density, average damage duration, break (downtime) of communication) and reliability indicators (FOCL readiness factor) of a subscriber access network without reservation showed that the line had low efficiency. The communication breakdown over three years amounted to K=12,569.8 stream∙hours. The downtime at this volume of digital stream∙hours has led to significant economic losses.
Line operators have been given recommendations for the proper FOCL operation and ensuring a normalized value of the line readiness coefficient. To this end, it is necessary to reduce the time to re-link and prolong the line's failure-free operation
Limiting COVID-19 infection by automatic remote face mask monitoring and detection using deep learning with IoT
Authors: Alsaydia Omar Mowaffak , Saadallah Noor Raad , Malallah Fahad Layth , AL-Adwany Maan A. S. 
Published: November 2021

During the current outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, controlling and decreasing the possibilities of infections are massively required. One of the most important solutions is to use Artificial Intelligence (AI), which combines both fields of deep learning (DL) and the Internet of Things (IoT). The former one is responsible for detecting any face, which is not wearing a mask. Whereas, the latter is exploited to manage the control for the entire building or a public area such as bus, train station, or airport by connecting a Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) camera to the room of management. The work is implemented using a Core-i5 CPU workstation attached with a Webcam. Then, MATLAB software is programmed to instruct both Arduino and NodeMCU (Micro-Controller Unit) for remote control as IoT. In terms of deep learning, a 15-layer convolutional neural network is exploited to train 1,376 image samples to generate a reference model to use for comparison. Before deep learning, preprocessing operations for both image enhancement and scaling are applied to each image sample. For the training and testing of the proposed system, the Simulated Masked Face Recognition Dataset ( SMFRD) has been exploited. This dataset is published online. Then, the proposed deep learning system has an average accuracy of up to 98.98 %, where 80 % of the dataset was used for training and 20 % of the samples are dedicated to testing the proposed intelligent system.
The IoT system is implemented using Arduino and NodeMCU_TX (for transmitter) and RX (for receiver) for the signal transferring through long distances. Several experiments have been conducted and showed that the results are reasonable and thus the model can be commercially applied
Grammatical categories determination for Turkish and Kazakh languages based on machine learning algorithms and fulfilling dictionaries of link grammar parser
Authors: Yerimbetova Aigerim , Tussupova Madina , Sambetbayeva Madina , Turdalyuly Mussa , Sakenov Bakzhan 
Published: November 2021

This research is aimed at identifying the parts of speech for the Kazakh and Turkish languages in an information retrieval system. The proposed algorithms are based on machine learning techniques. In this paper, we consider the binary classification of words according to parts of speech. We decided to take the most popular machine learning algorithms. In this paper, the following approaches and well-known machine learning algorithms are studied and considered. We defined 7 dictionaries and tagged 135 million words in Kazakh and 9 dictionaries and 50 million words in the Turkish language.
The main problem considered in the paper is to create algorithms for the execution of dictionaries of the so-called Link Grammar Parser (LGP) system, in particular for the Kazakh and Turkish languages, using machine learning techniques.
The focus of the research is on the review and comparison of machine learning algorithms and methods that have accomplished results on various natural language processing tasks such as grammatical categories determination.
For the operation of the LGP system, a dictionary is created in which a connector for each word is indicated – the type of connection that can be created using this word. The authors considered methods of filling in LGP dictionaries using machine learning.
The complexities of natural language processing, however, do not exclude the possibility of identifying narrower tasks that can already be solved algorithmically: for example, determining parts of speech or splitting texts into logical groups. However, some features of natural languages significantly reduce the effectiveness of these solutions. Thus, taking into account all word forms for each word in the Kazakh and Turkish languages increases the complexity of text processing by an order of magnitude
Determining an additional diagnostic parameter for improving the accuracy of assessment of the condition of stator windings in an induction motor
Authors: Gubarevych Oleg , Goolak Sergey , Daki Olena , Yakusevych Yuriy 
Published: November 2021

This paper has proposed and substantiated the application of an additional diagnostic parameter for assessing the state of stator windings of induction motors during operation. The dependences of the values of phase shifts between phase currents and phase voltages have been obtained. These dependences showed that when an inter-turn short circuit occurs in the stator windings, the phase shifts are the same for all phases of the motor. That has made it possible to obtain the dependence of the change in phase shift on the change in the engine shaft rotation frequency.
This study's result has established the dependence of the rates of change of the phase angle on the engine shaft rotation frequency for both one and two damaged phases with varying degrees of damage. When analyzing these dependences, it was found that with an increase in the number of damaged phases of the electric motor, the linear section of the dependences decreases. In addition, with an increase in the degree of phase damage, the angle of inclination of the linear sections of the characteristics decreases. That has made it possible to determine an additional parameter for diagnosing the place and degree of an inter-turn short circuit of the windings in an induction motor with a squirrel-cage rotor. The values of the additional parameter, termed by this paper's authors as a "phase criterion" can be used to assess the condition and degree of damage to the stator winding of induction motors. The values of the phase criteria for various types of damage were: when phase A is damaged by 90 %, ξ=0.634, (deg)2/(rpm)2; when phase A is damaged by 80 %, ξ=0.393, (deg)2/(rpm)2; when phase A is damaged by 80 % and phase B is damaged by 90 %, ξ=0.25, (deg)2/(rpm)2; when phase A is damaged by 80 % and phase B is damaged by 90 %, ξ=0.173, (deg)2/(rpm)2.
The results of this research could be used to select an effective method for diagnosing an inter-turn short circuit in the stator winding when building a diagnostic system for induction motors as part of drives of transport equipment