bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa with tetracycline, doxycycline, or lymecycline: a prospective study
Authors: Jørgensen Astrid‐Helene Ravn , Yao Yiqiu , Thomsen Simon Francis , Ring Hans Christian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of tetracycline, doxycycline, and lymecycline in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS).MethodsA prospective study of three different treatment regimens in patients with HS; oral tetracycline 500 mg twice daily, oral doxycycline 100 mg twice daily, and oral lymecycline 300 mg twice daily were administered in patients with HS. Outcomes were change in Hidradenitis Suppurativa Score (HSS), Dermatology Life Quality Life index (DLQI), overall disease‐related distress, boil‐related pain, number of boils in the preceding month, fraction of patients with no boils in the preceding month, and Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) score at follow‐up.ResultsIn total, 108 patients, 73 (67.6%) women and 35 (32.4%) men, were included. Mean duration of treatment was 4.3 months. The mean HSS at baseline was 26.10 (SD 20.18) points, improving to 17.97 (SD 17.88) at follow‐up, difference is 8.13 (95% CI 5.21–10.93), P < 0.0001. Highest improvement in HSS was observed in the tetracycline group. After multivariate adjustment, higher reduction in HSS was significantly associated with lower BMI, Hurley stage III, higher HSS at baseline, and higher number of boils in the preceding month at baseline.ConclusionOral treatment with tetracycline, doxycycline, and lymecycline appears effective and safe in HS patients. Tetracycline provided the greatest clinical improvement measured by HSS.
Delivery by caesarean section and offspring adiposity and cardio‐metabolic health at ages 6.5, 11.5 and 16 years: results from the PROBIT cohort in Belarus
Authors: Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L , Huh Susanna Y , Martin Richard M , Kramer Michael , Patel Rita , Bogdanovich Natalia , Vilchuck Konstanin , Thompson Jennifer , Oken Emily 
Published: March 2021

SummaryBackgroundCaesarean delivery has been associated with later adiposity, perhaps via early programming or perhaps because of residual confounding by maternal or birth characteristics.ObjectivesExamine associations of caesarean delivery with adiposity and cardio‐metabolic biomarkers.MethodsObservational analysis of 15 069 children in the PROBIT cohort in Belarus. We examined measures of child anthropometry and blood pressure at 6.5, 11.5 and 16 years and fasting blood (11.5 years).ResultsCaesarean‐delivered children were slightly heavier at 6.5 (mean BMI 15.8 vs. 15.6 kg/m2), 11.5 (18.4 vs. 18.2) and 16 years (21.5 vs. 21.3). After adjustment for prenatal characteristics including maternal third trimester BMI, however, we observed no association of caesarean versus vaginal delivery with child BMI (β 0.05 kg/m2; 95%CI: −0.03, 0.14), sum of skinfolds (0.14 mm; −0.13, 0.42), waist circumference (−0.07 cm; −0.23, 0.10), obesity (OR 0.99; 0.76, 1.29), or systolic (−0.20 mmHg; −0.70, 0.30) or diastolic (−0.17 mmHg, −0.60, 0.26) blood pressure at 6.5 years; results were similar at 11.5 and 16 years. At 11.5 years, we observed a modest association of caesarean delivery with fasting insulin (0.33 mU/L; 0.00, 0.65).ConclusionsCaesarean delivery had little or no association with adiposity or related cardio‐metabolic biomarkers in childhood. Adjustment for maternal BMI attenuated all outcome effect estimates.
Susceptibility and resistance in leprosy: Studies in the mouse model
Authors: Adams Linda B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLeprosy is a chronic granulomatous infectious disease caused by the pathogen, Mycobacterium leprae, and the more recently discovered, M. lepromatosis. Described in 1873, M. leprae was among the first microorganisms to be proposed as a cause of a human infectious disease. As an obligate intracellular bacterium, it has still not thus far been reproducibly cultivated in axenic medium or cell cultures. Shepard's mouse footpad assay, therefore, was truly a breakthrough in leprosy research. The generation of immunosuppressed and genetically engineered mice, along with advances in molecular and cellular techniques, has since offered more tools for the study of the M. leprae–induced granuloma. While far from perfect, these new mouse models have provided insights into the immunoregulatory mechanisms responsible for the spectrum of this complex disease.
The use of the success‐based decision rule to support the holistic evaluation process in FITradeoff
Authors: Roselli Lucia Reis Peixoto , de Almeida Adiel Teixeira 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe flexible and interactive tradeoff (FITradeoff) method is a multi‐criteria decision‐making/aiding (MCDM/A) method in the context of the multi‐attribute value theory. The implementation of the FITradeoff method is supported by a decision support system (DSS), which includes an elicitation procedure for scaling constants with the flexibility of including a holistic evaluation. The holistic evaluation has graphics that can be used to assist decision‐makers (DMs) during the FITradeoff decision process. In this context, three neuroscience experiments have been conducted to investigate how a DM uses the graphics to evaluate an MCDM/A problem. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is to propose the success‐based decision rule. Based on this rule, recommendations are made concerning the holistic evaluation. The first is that this rule can assist the analyst to advise DMs with information on the visualization's probability of success. Second, this rule suggests improvements that can be made to the design of the FITradeoff DSS.
Phase content prediction in polymer‐derived ceramics with metal additives
Authors: Yang Ni , Lu Kathy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, silicon oxycarbide (SiOC) is selected as the base polymer to derive a SiOC ceramic (PDC) matrix, and four transition metals M (M = Ni, Mo, Co, and Zr) are individually introduced into the SiOC base to form various SiOC/M systems. SiOC‐Ni, SiOC‐MoCx, and SiOC‐CoSix are obtained by pyrolysis at 1100°C, whereas SiOC‐ZrOx forms upon pyrolysis at 1400°C. The selected SiOC/M systems encompass four different types of phase separation pathways—pure metal, metal carbide, metal silicide, and metal oxide (SiC‐SiO2‐C‐Ni, SiC‐SiO2‐C‐MoCx, SiC‐SiO2‐C‐CoSix, and SiC‐SiO2‐C‐ZrOx). The driving force for crystallization has been analyzed using a Gibbs free energy minimization method and phase fractions of these different PDC systems are calculated based on the lever rule. This work also reveals the energetics related to the quaternary systems and provides guidance to synthesizing metal‐containing PDCs with desired phase contents. In addition, we have examined the broad applicability of the phase content prediction method for a variety of other SiOC/M systems.
Effects of positive versus negative expressive writing exercises on adolescent academic achievement
Authors: Jones Brady K. , Destin Mesmin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA robust body of research has documented how expressive writing about difficult or traumatic experiences can be beneficial across a range of domains. Relatively little research, on the other hand, has documented the impact of expressive writing activities on positive events. In this randomized controlled trial, adolescents (N = 350) beginning ninth grade in three schools serving mostly low‐income students of color participated in a 45‐min writing workshop. They were prompted to write about either a negative or positive life event, then edit their writing to include themes thought to insulate them from the possible threats to identity that can come with the transition to high school. We find evidence that positive expressive writing activities are more academically beneficial than expressive writing about negative events. Compared with students who wrote about a failure and subsequent resilience, students who detailed how they attained an important success showed a more positive trajectory for absences (β = −.417; p = .008) and detentions (β = −.962; p = .034), and those who wrote about a generally happy life event showed a better trajectory for grade point average (β = .622; p = .043). Exploratory analyses also show that, regardless of condition, including themes of the “self as competent” and “savoring” good experiences was associated with improved academic outcomes. Including themes of “resilience” was not, across conditions, associated with improved outcomes unless students at the same time included “self as competent” themes.
Neuroprotective effect of ketamine against TNF‐α‐induced necroptosis in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Wang Lu , Deng Bin , Yan Panpan , Wu Huanghui , Li Chunhui , Zhu Hongrui , Du Jiwei , Hou Lichao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), a crucial cytokine, has various homeostatic and pathogenic bioactivities. The aim of this study was to assess the neuroprotective effect of ketamine against TNF‐α‐induced motor dysfunction and neuronal necroptosis in male C57BL/6J mice in vivo and HT‐22 cell lines in vitro. The behavioural testing results of the present study indicate that ketamine ameliorated TNF‐α‐induced neurological dysfunction. Moreover, immunohistochemical staining results showed that TNF‐α‐induced brain dysfunction was caused by necroptosis and microglial activation, which could be attenuated by ketamine pre‐treatment inhibiting reactive oxygen species production and mixed lineage kinase domain‐like phosphorylation in hippocampal neurons. Therefore, we concluded that ketamine may have neuroprotective effects as a potent inhibitor of necroptosis, which provides a new theoretical and experimental basis for the application of ketamine in TNF‐α‐induced necroptosis‐associated diseases.
Risk of early mortality and cardiovascular disease according to the presence of recently diagnosed diabetes and requirement for insulin treatment: A nationwide study
Authors: Lee You‐Bin , Han Kyungdo , Kim Bongsung , Choi Min Sun , Park Jiyun , Kim Minyoung , Jin Sang‐Man , Hur Kyu Yeon , Kim Gyuri , Kim Jae Hyeon 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionWe estimated the hazards of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and early all‐cause mortality in Korean adults according to the presence of recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (type 2 diabetes for <5 years) and insulin use.Materials and MethodsWe used the Korean National Health Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort database (2002–2015) for this longitudinal population‐based study. Among adults aged ≥40 years without baseline CVD, individuals without diabetes or with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes were selected (N = 363,919). The hazard ratios (HRs) for myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and all‐cause mortality during follow‐up were analyzed according to three groups categorized by the presence of type 2 diabetes and insulin use.ResultsWithin a mean 7.8 years, there were 5,275 MIs, 7,220 strokes, and 15,834 deaths. The hazards for outcomes were higher in the insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes group than in the non‐diabetes group [HR (95% CI): 2.344 (1.870–2.938) for MI, 2.420 (1.993–2.937) for stroke, and 3.037 (2.706–3.407) for death], higher in the non‐insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes group than in the non‐diabetes group [HR (95% CI): 1.284 (1.159–1.423) for MI, 1.435 (1.320–1.561) for stroke, and 1.135 (1.067–1.206) for death], and higher in the insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes group than in the non‐insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes group [HR (95% CI): 1.914 (1.502–2.441) for MI, 1.676 (1.363–2.060) for stroke, and 2.535 (2.232–2.880) for death].ConclusionsRecently diagnosed type 2 diabetes patients showed increased risks of incident CVDs and premature mortality, and insulin‐treated group demonstrated an additional increase in the risks of these outcomes in adults with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes, suggesting the need for intensified cardio‐protective interventions for adults with insulin‐treated type 2 diabetes.
Understanding the changes in particle size, structure, and functional properties of waxy maize starch after jet‐milling treatments
Authors: Wang Lidong , Li Xiaoqiang , Yu Shibo , Liu Shilin , Lang Shuangjing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWaxy maize starch was subjected to fluidized bed jet milling treatments at classifier frequencies of 2,400, 3,000, and 3,600 rpm. Changes in the structure and physicochemical properties of waxy maize starch after jet milling were investigated and compared with the untreated starch. With an increase in classifier frequency, the particle size of starch significantly (p < .05) decreased and showed bimodal distribution after jet milling. The microscopy analysis indicated that surface of starch granules became rough with irregular shapes after jet milling treatment compared to smooth and regular shape for the untreated starch. The birefringence and X‐ray diffraction analyses showed that the jet milling destroyed the crystalline areas and decreased crystallinity of the starch. The micronized starch samples showed significantly lower (p < .05) gelatinization temperature, enthalpy, and viscosity than those of the untreated starch. However, an increase in special surface area, water solubility, swelling power, and pasting stability was found after jet milling of the waxy maize starch. Additionally, light transparency of the starch increased as temperature increased but decreased with storage time. The observed results showed that modified starch can be produced by jet milling.
Patient Experience with Postpartum Pain Management in the Face of the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Leziak Karolina , Yee Lynn M. , Grobman William A. , Badreldin Nevert 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionProfessional societies have urged providers to reduce opioid use for pain management. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to assess patient experiences related to postpartum pain management in an effort to better understand potential paths to achieve such a reduction.MethodsThis is a planned secondary analysis of a prospective observational study of opioid use following birth. In the primary study, women who received opioids as inpatients were queried about their pain management, including questions about pain experience, pain satisfaction, perceived areas for practice improvement, and the opportunity to leave additional comments. Participants who were prescribed opioids upon discharge completed postdischarge surveys with a similar opportunity for qualitative input. Data were analyzed using the constant comparative method to identify themes and subthemes.ResultsOf the 493 women enrolled in the primary analysis, 125 provided qualitative data. Three overarching themes regarding pain management were identified: positive experiences (n = 22), negative experiences (n = 19), and beliefs and preferences on opioid use and pain management (n = 28). Women with positive experiences reported satisfaction with timely pain medication administration and appreciation of open dialogue with their care team. In contrast, several negative experiences centered on tardy administration of pain medications, resulting in increased pain. Patients also perceived judgment, accusation, and excessive lecturing by staff when requesting opioid medications. Finally, participants expressed the necessity for opioids for postpartum pain management, as well as their desires for limiting opioid use, improved options for multimodal pain management, and increased communication with providers about pain regimens.DiscussionUnderstanding women's perspectives and experiences regarding postpartum pain control is essential to improving care. Amid growing research on the role of maternity care providers in addressing the opioid crisis, women's voices are rarely solicited. These findings stress the importance of open and frequent dialogue between patients and providers and a need for multimodal pain management options.
Compliance with treatment and fear of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yuksel Merve , Bektas Hicran 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine the compliance with treatment and fear of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.BackgroundOne of the important problems of patients is the fear of hypoglycaemia and compliance with treatment, which impairs general health and quality of life. It is believed that nurses contribute to the improvement of compliance with treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes, a decrease in hypoglycaemia rates.DesignThis study was conducted as a descriptive study. The STROBE checklist was used.MethodsThe study was carried out with 376 patients with type 2 diabetes between January and June 2019. The Patient Information Form, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Patient Compliance Scale and Hypoglycemia Fear Survey applied and SAS 9.4 package program was used for statistical analysis. Data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, t test, chi‐square and variation analysis.ResultsIt was determined that 58.2% of the participants were female, mean age was 62.19 ± 9.60, 57.7% were primary school graduates, 50.3% were using oral antidiabetic, and 34.5% were using oral antidiabetic and insulin. Patients’ compliance with treatment was moderate (60.9%). According to the mean score of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey, the patients had a low level of fear of hypoglycaemia ( = 1.20). There was a statistically significant difference between compliance and fear of hypoglycaemia and education, economic status, self‐monitoring of blood glucose, physical activity and education about diabetes (p < .05). Patients with type 2 diabetes had decreased compliance with treatment with increased fear of hypoglycaemia (p < .05).ConclusionThe participants’ compliance with the treatment was moderate, and the fear of hypoglycaemia mean score was low. Nursing interventions should be planned to increase compliance with treatment and reduce the fear of hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes.Relevance to clinical practiceAssessing the fear of hypoglycaemia and the level of compliance with treatment by healthcare professionals, especially nurses, in patients with type 2 diabetes and providing education on this subject can be helpful in reducing the fear of hypoglycaemia, increasing treatment compliance and providing optimal glycaemic control.
Cross‐National Differences in Income Pooling among Married and Cohabiting Couples
Authors: Evans Ann , Gray Edith 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine cross‐national differences in income pooling by relationship type.BackgroundIn most countries, there is a “cohabitation gap” with cohabiting couples less likely to pool their incomes and act as a single economic unit compared to married couples. There is very little cross‐national research comparing income management patterns of married and cohabiting couples. Despite large cross‐national variation in cohabitation prevalence, the limited research on income management finds surprisingly little variation in the “cohabitation gap.” Using a larger range of countries than used in previous studies, income management of married and cohabiting couples was compared to test whether the cohabitation gap can be explained by the cohabitation prevalence in a country, the degree to which cohabitation is related to economic disadvantage or to structural factors such as taxation.MethodMultilevel multinomial regression is used to study income pooling across 32 countries from the 2012 International Social Survey Programme.ResultsThe size of the cohabitation gap does vary across countries. In some countries, cohabiting and married couples act very similarly in terms of their income organization, whereas in others there is a large difference in the behavior of couples. There is little evidence that this is related to the prevalence of cohabitation; however, economic constraints, as well as taxation systems, are associated with the cross‐national variation in the cohabitation gap.ConclusionDifferences in the cohabitation gap reflect the context and policies of the countries within which couples live rather than ideological expectations surrounding relationship choice.
Distance as Diversity: Two Sides of the Same Coin?
Authors: Doh Jonathan P. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDistance is a fundamental construct in International Business/International Management (IB/IM) research. It also has practical implications for the conduct of business across borders. In this introduction to this Point‐Counter‐Point exchange, I comment on the two perspectives on the role of diversity as a complement or substitute for the distance construct. I argue that this discussion has ramifications for not just the distance construct, but broader assumptions and tenets in the IB/IM literature.
Advancing intergroup contact theory: Comments on the issue's articles
Authors: Pettigrew Thomas F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConcerns about intergroup contact have a long and somewhat tortuous history. Shaped largely by Social Darwinism dogma, early theorizing anticipated negative effects. Following World War II, however, a more optimistic view took hold, and social psychological research began to study the phenomenon. Allport's (1954) influential book, the Nature of Prejudice, focused social psychological attention on intergroup contact and shaped research on it for the rest of the 20th century. Now the domain has developed into a complex and intricate theory, complete with multiple forms of contact and numerous moderating and mediating variables—as demonstrated in the articles throughout this JSI issue. Within this historical context of the theory's development, this article then comments on each of the previous articles and their further advances to the theory.
Rural adults’ perceived role of family members in prescription opioid misuse prevention: Implications for family‐based approaches
Authors: Robertson Mary Nelson , Downey Laura H. , Seitz Holli H. , Hardman Alisha M. , Buys David R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study explored and documented rural adults’ perceptions of family roles in prescription opioid misuse prevention and the predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors that influence family members from taking those roles.MethodsNine focus groups with rural adults (n = 55) were conducted to evoke discussion about family roles in prescription opioid misuse prevention. Transcripts were coded based on common ideas that arose during the focus groups, previous literature, and the PRECEDE‐PROCEED program planning model.FindingsFindings suggest that rural adults perceive the opioid epidemic as partially a family problem. Additionally, rural adults perceive themselves as having a critical role in preventing prescription opioid misuse among family members. Participants identified specific predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling factors that influence whether or not family members take responsibility in preventing prescription opioid misuse within their families. Rural adults also perceive that family‐based education is important in preventing prescription opioid misuse.ConclusionsThese results suggest that there is an interest in family‐based approaches that enable or foster the skills and resources necessary to engage in prescription opioid misuse prevention behaviors. Specifically, family‐based prevention programming should include efforts to shape knowledge and attitudes about prescription opioid misuse, increase resources to facilitate prevention behaviors, and build skills related to prevention.