bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hygiene im Rettungsdienst: Wird die Wischdesinfektion der kontaminationsgefährdeten Flächen im Rettungswagen bedarfsgerecht durchgeführt?
Authors: Karl Claudia , Hüfner Andreas , Pemmerl Sylvia 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungKontaminationen durch Schmierinfektionen stellen im Rettungsdienst sowohl eine Gefahr für die Patienten als auch für das Rettungsfachpersonal dar. Im Rahmen des vom Bundesministerium für
Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) finanzierten Projekts „HyFi-RTW“ (Nachhaltige Hygiene-Funktionen im Rettungswagen/-dienst) sollte hier zunächst untersucht werden, welche Oberflächen im
Rettungswagen (RTW) besonders häufig berührt werden und damit kontaminationsanfällig sind. Zudem sollte auch gezielt das Rettungsfachpersonal von RTWs dazu befragt werden, welche Areale bei
zeitkritischen Aufbereitungen vorrangig desinfiziert werden. Ziel war es, aus dem Vergleich beider Analysen eine Einschätzung zu gewinnen, welche Oberflächen im RTW ein besonderes
Kontaminationsrisiko tragen. Im Juli und August 2020 wurde an der Malteser Rettungswache Regensburg eine Fragebogenerhebung beim dort tätigen Rettungsfachpersonal durchgeführt und hier
sowohl nach häufig berührten als auch priorisiert wischdesinfizierten Oberflächen im RTW gefragt. Parallel erfolgte eine Bewertung der häufig berührten Flächen durch begleitende Beobachtung
während der Einsätze. Es zeigte sich eine Diskrepanz zwischen den objektiv und subjektiv ermittelten häufigsten Kontaktflächen im RTW und der Häufigkeit der tatsächlich im Alltag durch das
Rettungsfachpersonal wischdesinfizierten Flächen. Die daraus resultierende Gefahr, Schmierinfektionen an Patienten oder auch an das Rettungsfachpersonal weiterzugeben, muss im Rahmen von
Folgeprojekten, z. B. in einer Einsatzerprobung von antimikrobiellen und antiviralen Oberflächenbeschichtungen im RTW, weiter untersucht werden, um mittelfristig Lösungen hierfür zu
finden.
Cyanogenesis in Aralia spinosa (Araliaceae)
Authors: Lechtenberg Matthias , Sendker Jandirk , Kastner Lisa , Hensel Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA systematic survey of Aralia spinosa (Araliaceae), covering an entire growing season and including aboveground organs at various developmental stages, revealed that only about half of all samples collected showed cyanogenesis. Cyanogenesis was detected in inflorescences and leaves but is apparently restricted to certain harvest times or developmental stages. The structurally unusual triglochinin, characterized by a hex-2-enedioic acid partial structure, was the only cyanogenic glycoside detected. This is the first description of triglochinin in this species and in the family of Araliaceae. Triglochinin is biogenetically derived from tyrosine, which is in good agreement with the few cyanogenic glycosides previously detected in members of the Araliaceae family. Triglochinin was identified, characterized, and quantified by modern chromatographic methods, and the amount of enzymatically releasable hydrocyanic acid was determined qualitatively and quantitatively. Two
isomers of triglochinin were detected chromatographically at minor levels. The isomeric pattern agreed well with literature data from other triglochinin-containing plants. This was confirmed in the two species, Triglochin maritima and Thalictrum aquilegiifolium, which were comparatively studied. In the case of A. spinosa, inflorescence buds harvested in July showed the highest content of triglochinin, just under 0.2% on a dry weight basis. The detection of triglochinin adds to the knowledge of toxicological properties and the dereplication of U(H)PLC/MS² data provides a comprehensive phytochemical profile of A. spinosa.
Investigating the Relationship between Childbirth Type and Breastfeeding Pattern Based on the LATCH Scoring System in Breastfeeding Mothers
Authors: Mokhtari Sorkhani Tayebeh , Namazian Elahe , Komsari Samaneh , Arab Shima 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective The role of breast milk in the physical and mental health of infants and in the prevention of infant death is widely known. The benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and infants have been proven, but several factors can affect breastfeeding. Childbirth is one of the most influential factors. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the type of delivery (natural childbirth and cesarean section) on breastfeeding based on the latch, audible swallowing, type of nipple, comfort, hold (LATCH) scoring system.
Methods The present cross-sectional observational study was performed using the census method among women who referred to Afzalipour Hospital for delivery in May 2020; the breastfeeding pattern was completed by observation and the in-case information, by LATCH checklist. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) software, version 19.0, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the Chi-squared statistical test.
Results Out of a total of 254 deliveries (127 natural childbirths and 127 cesarean deliveries), there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 study groups in terms of age, maternal employment status, and infant weight, but there was a statistically significant relationship between the type of delivery, the maternal level of schooling, and the appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration (Apgar) score in the first minute. The mean score of breastfeeding patterns among the natural childbirth group (9.33) was higher than that of the cesarean section group (7.21).
Conclusion The type of delivery affects the mother's performance during breastfeeding, and mothers submitted to cesarean sections need more support and help in breastfeeding.
Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women and Perinatal Outcomes in North Macedonia
Authors: Avramovska Maja , Kostova Neda Milevska , Karanfilski Borislav , Hunziker Sandra , Vaskova Olivija , Dimitrov Goran , Dzikova Elena , Markova Ana Daneva , Lega Marija Hadzi , Tofoski Gligor , Sikole Aleksandar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective Thyroid diseases are the second most common endocrine disorders in the reproductive period of women. They can be associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm delivery, low Apgar score, low birthweight (LBW) or fetal death. The aim of the present study is to explore thyroid dysfunction and its relationship with some poor perinatal outcomes (Apgar Score, low birthweight, and preterm delivery).
Methods Dried blood spot samples from 358 healthy pregnant women were analyzed for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4), and thyroglobulin (Tg). Neonatal data were collected upon delivery. Four groups were formed based on thyroid function tests (TFTs).
Results Of the 358 tested women, 218 (60.72%) were euthyroid. Isolated hypothyroxinemia was present in 132 women (36.76%), subclinical hyperthyroidism in 7 women (1.94%), and overt hypothyroidism in 1 (0.28%). The perinatal outcomes IUGR (p = 0.028) and Apgar score 1 minute (p = 0.015) were significantly different between thyroid function test [TFT]-distinct groups. In the multiple regression analysis, TT4 showed a statistically significant inverse predictive impact on LBW (p < 0.0001), but a positive impact of Tg on LBW (p = 0.0351).
Conclusion Thyroid hormones alone do not have a direct impact on neonatal outcomes, but the percentage of their participation in the total process cannot be neglected. Based on the regression analysis, we can conclude that TT4 and Tg can be used as predictors of neonatal outcome, expressed through birthweight and Apgar score. The present study aims to contribute to determine whether a test for thyroid status should become routine screening during pregnancy.
Intraoperative Assessment of Endogenous Microbiota in the Breast
Authors: Stachon Henrique , Amoroso Vanessa , Urban Cicero , Bioni Pamela , Spautz Cleverton , Lima Rubens Silveira de , Anselmi Karina , Kuroda Flávia , Rabinovich Iris , Alvarez Thabata , Monteiro Juliane 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective: Breast surgery is considered a clean surgery; however, the rates of infection range between 3 and 15%. The objective of the present study was to intraoperatively investigate the presence of autochthonous microbiota in the breast.
Methods: Pieces of breast tissue collected from 49 patients who underwent elective breast surgery (reconstructive, diagnostic, or oncologic) were cultured. The pieces of breast tissue were approximately 1 cm in diameter and were removed from the retroareolar area, medial quadrant, and lateral quadrant. Each piece of tissue was incubated in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth for 7 days at 37°C, and in cases in which the medium became turbid due to microorganism growth, the samples were placed in Petri dishes for culturing and isolating strains and for identifying species using an automated counter.
Results: Microorganism growth was observed in the samples of 10 of the 49 patients (20.4%) and in 11 of the 218 pieces of tissue (5%). The detected species were Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Sphingomonas paucimobilis, and Aeromonas salmonicida. No patient with positive samples had clinical infection postoperatively.
Conclusion: The presence of these bacteria in breast tissue in approximately 20% of the patients in this series suggests that breast surgery should be considered a potential source of contamination that may have implications for adverse reactions to breast implants and should be studied in the near future for their oncological implications in breast implant-associated large-cell lymphoma etiology.
Perceived Stress and Resilience among Nurses Working in a Selected Hospital at Mangalore
Authors: Kannappan Sujatha R. , Veigas Jacintha 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective A minimum amount of stress is essential for a successful life. When it goes beyond the limit, it affects overall well-being. There is a need to modify the environment, feelings, and physical factors of an individual to promote resilience. This study aimed to assess and find the relationship between perceived stress and resilience among nurses working in a selected hospital.
Materials and Methods The investigators used the descriptive correlation design and, through the nonprobability sampling method, selected 65 nurses. Data was collected using the demographic variables, perceived stress scale, and the Connor–Davidson resilience scale.
Results and Discussion The investigators found a moderate level of stress (61.5%) with intermediate resilience (73.8%) among the nurses and noted a weak correlation between perceived stress and resilience (calculated value is 0.226 and the p-value is 0.071). There was an association found between the frequency of night duty, education level, and perceived stress.
Conclusion Our study showed that most of the nurses had a moderate level of stress with intermediate resilience. The unmarried nurses were more resilient, with a moderate level of stress than the married.
Reverse Perilunate Injuries—The “Extended Scaphoid” Sign
Authors: Herzberg Guillaume , Burnier Marion , Druel Thibault 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Reverse perilunate injuries (REPLI) are rare variants of the classic radial-sided perilunate injuries (PLI) whose mechanism was described by Mayfield in 1980. Classic radial-sided nontranscaphoid dorsal PLI invariably display a flexed, foreshortened position of the scaphoid on their initial posteroanterior (PA) and lateral radiographs. We observed that some dorsal perilunate dislocations displayed an extended position of the scaphoid on their initial radiographs. Our hypothesis is that this extended position of the scaphoid was associated with a REPLI pattern.
Methods The PA and lateral initial emergency radiographs of our specialized wrist surgery series of 114 dorsal pure ligamentous PLI (within a 186 cases series of PLI treated between 2004 and 2020) were reviewed as well as the available figures of the current REPLI literature.
Results A total of seven cases of cases within our dorsal PLI series displayed an extended position of the scaphoid on their initial PA and lateral radiographs, while 107 cases displayed a flexed, foreshortened position. The PA and lateral radiographs available in the REPLI literature displayed an extended position of the scaphoid, a lunotriquetral dissociation, and a dorsal dislocation of the capitate with respect to the lunate.
Discussion This study confirms our hypothesis. By contrast to the dorsal classic radial-sided pure ligamentous PLI pattern of scaphoid displacement (scaphoid flexed and foreshortened with scapholunate gap), the dorsal REPLI pattern displays an extended position of the scaphoid with scapholunate step-off and overlap rather than a gap. The combination of a lunotriquetral dissociation with a dorsal dislocation of the capitate from the lunate yet an extended position of the scaphoid with almost normal radioscaphoid relationships should raise a high suspicion for REPLI.
Group B Streptococcus Rectovaginal Colonization and Resistance Patterns in HIV-Positive Compared to HIV-Negative Pregnant Patients
Authors: Morgan John A. , Hankins Miriam E. , Callais Nicholas A. , Albritton Charles W. , Vanchiere John A. , Betcher Raymond E. , Lewis David F. 
Published: November 2021

Objective The objective of our study is to determine if human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive pregnant patients have a higher rate of group B streptococcus (GBS) rectovaginal colonization compared with HIV-negative pregnant patients.
Study Design Our study is a multi-site retrospective study performed at Ochsner Louisiana State University-Health Shreveport and Monroe campuses including patients who delivered between December 2011and June 2019. Rates of GBS rectovaginal colonization between HIV-positive pregnant patients were compared with a control group of HIV-negative patients. The control group was age and race matched in a 2:1 fashion. The primary outcome was to investigate rates of GBS rectovaginal colonization. Secondary outcomes included GBS culture antibiotic sensitivities, presence of GBS urinary tract infection, GBS positivity based on HIV viral load, and GBS positivity based on new vs established diagnosis of HIV. Continuous data were analyzed using an unpaired t-test, and categorical data were analyzed using a Chi-squared test. The probability level of <0.05 was set as statistically significant.
Results A total of 225 patients were included in the final analysis, 75 HIV-positive and 150 HIV-negative controls. Demographic differences were noted. HIV-positive patients were more likely to deliver preterm and were more likely to deliver via cesarean section. Our primary outcome showed no significant differences in incidence of GBS colonization between HIV-positive patients and control group (n = 31, 41.3% vs n = 46, 30.6%, p = 0.136). Antibiotic resistance patterns showed no significant difference between the two groups. There were no significant differences in GBS positivity based on HIV viral load.
Conclusion Our study does not show a statistically significant difference in the incidence of GBS colonization between HIV-positive patients and HIV-negative controls.
Key Points
Standardized Cesarean Risk Counseling with Induction: Impact on Racial Disparities in Birth Satisfaction
Authors: Hamm Rebecca F. , Srinivas Sindhu K. , Mccoy Jennifer , Morales Knashawn H. , Levine Lisa D. 
Published: November 2021

Objective Our prior work demonstrated decreased birth satisfaction for Black women undergoing labor induction. We aimed to determine if implementation of standardized counseling around calculated cesarean risk during labor induction could reduce racial disparities in birth satisfaction.
Study Design We implemented use of a validated calculator that provides an individual cesarean risk score for women undergoing induction into routine care. This prospective cohort study compared satisfaction surveys for 6 months prior to implementation (preperiod: January 2018–June 2018) to 1 year after (postperiod: July 2018–June 2019). Women with full-term (≥37 weeks) singleton gestations with intact membranes and an unfavorable cervix undergoing induction were included. In the postperiod, providers counseled patients on individual cesarean risk at the beginning of induction using standardized scripts. This information was incorporated into care at patient–provider discretion. The validated 10-question Birth Satisfaction Scale-Revised (BSS-R) subdivided into three domains was administered throughout the study. Patients were determined to be “satisfied” or “unsatisfied” if total BSS-R score was above or below the median, respectively. In multivariable analysis, interaction terms evaluated the differential impact of the calculator on birth satisfaction by race (Black vs. non-Black women).
Results A total of 1,008 of 1,236 (81.6%) eligible women completed the BSS-R (preperiod: 330 [79.7%] versus postperiod: 678 [82.5%], p = 0.23), 63.8% of whom self-identified as Black. In the preperiod, Black women were 50% less likely to be satisfied than non-Black women, even when controlling for differences in parity (Black: 39.0% satisfied vs. non-Black: 53.9%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.49, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30–0.79). In the postperiod, there was no difference in satisfaction by race (Black: 43.7% satisfied vs. non-Black: 44.0%, aOR = 0.97. 95% CI: 0.71–1.33). Therefore, disparities in birth satisfaction were no longer present at postimplementation (interaction p = 0.03).
Conclusion Implementation of standardized counseling with a validated calculator to predict cesarean risk after labor induction is associated with a decrease in racial disparities in birth satisfaction.
Key Points
Defining a Strategy for Laboratory Evaluation with Expectant Management of Preeclampsia
Authors: Cozzi Gabriella D. , Blanchard Christina T. , Sanjanwala Aalok R. , Page Margaret R. , Kim Dhong-Jin , Tita Alan T. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Subramaniam Akila 
Published: November 2021

Objective The objective of this study was to compare the frequency and timing of laboratory abnormalities and evaluate optimal laboratory testing strategies in women with preeclampsia (PE) undergoing expectant management.
Study Design Retrospective cohort study of women with inpatient expectant management of PE at ≥23 weeks at a tertiary center from 2015 to 2018 was conducted. Women ineligible for expectant management or with less than two laboratory sets (platelets, aspartate aminotransferase, and serum creatinine) before the decision to deliver were excluded. Women were categorized as per the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' definitions by initial diagnosis: PE without severe features, superimposed preeclampsia (SiPE) without severe features, and their forms with severe features. The frequency and timing of laboratory abnormalities were compared across the four PE categories. Kaplan–Meier curves modeled time to a laboratory abnormality (event) with censoring for delivery and were compared using log-rank tests. Logistic regression analysis modeled the development of a laboratory abnormality as a function of testing time intervals (days) for each PE type. Receiver operating characteristic curves and areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated; optimal cut points were determined using the Liu method.
Results Among 636 women who met inclusion criteria, laboratory abnormalities were uncommon (6.3%). The median time to a laboratory abnormality among all women was ≤10 days, time being shortest in women with PE with severe features. Time to laboratory abnormality development did not differ significantly between the four PE groups (p = 0.36). Laboratory assessment intervals were most predictive for PE and SiPE with severe features (AUC = 0.87, AUC = 0.72). Optimal cutoffs were every 4 days for PE without severe features, 2 days for PE with severe features, 8 days for SiPE without severe features, and 3 days for SiPE with severe features.
Conclusion Most laboratory abnormalities in PE occur earlier and more frequently in those with severe features. Individual phenotypes should undergo serial evaluation based on this risk stratification.
Key Points
Global diffusion of three road safety policies, 1964–2015
Authors: Nazif-Munoz José Ignacio , Quesnel-Vallée Amélie , van den Berg Axel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGlobal convergence of public policies has been regarded as a defining feature of the late twentieth century. This study explores the generalizability of this thesis for three road safety measures: (i) road safety agencies; (ii) child restraint laws; and (iii) mandatory use of daytime running lights. This study analyzes cross-national longitudinal data using survival analysis for the years 1964–2015 in 181 countries. The first main finding is that only child restraint laws have globally converged; in contrast, the other two policies exhibit a fractured global convergence process, likely as the result of competing international and national forces. This finding may reflect the lack of necessary conditions, at the regional and national levels, required to accelerate the spread of policies globally, adding further nuance to the global convergence thesis. A second finding is that mechanisms of policy adoption, such as imitation/learning and competition, rather than coercion, explain more consistently global and regional convergence outcomes in the road safety realm. This finding reinforces the idea of specific elective affinities, when explaining why the diffusion of policies may or not result in convergence. Lastly, by recognizing fractured convergence processes, these results call for revisiting the global convergence thesis and reintegrating more consistently regional analyses into policy diffusion and convergence studies.
Perceptions, experiences and opportunities for occupational safety and health professionals arising out of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Gold David , Hughes Stuart , Thomas David 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study explored perceptions, experiences and opportunities for the occupational safety and health professional (OSHP) as a result of COVID-19. Using qualitative methods, interviews took place with OSHPs in two organisations to understand how their role developed during the pandemic. Additionally, seven focus groups were organised and met virtually, using the Zoom platform, each addressing a different topic identified by the researchers. Participants (n = 45) from 10 different countries were distributed among the focus groups. Topics were separated into four themes: impact on the workplace; the psychosocial dynamic; medical and health issues and occupational safety and health (OSH) issues. Results were subsequently divided into seven action categories and compared with the findings from the organisational interviews. Comparison pointed to an expanded role for the OSHP including business continuity, resilience and wellbeing in addition to assessing and controlling risks emerging during the pandemic. There is also the need for a means to adequately disseminate trustworthy information. Results indicated that there was no single ‘average’ role of the OSHP, demonstrating essential contributions as a member of the management team. Results also stressed that the pandemic carried three health-related co-morbidities, stress, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and burnout. Directions for future research included: the education of the OSHP to support a move away from compliance towards risk management; determining how mental health issues in organisations should be managed; expanded roles for OSHPs within business; and implications for professional bodies, membership institutions and academia in supporting the above-mentioned emerging roles.