bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmology practice during COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of Indian ophthalmologists
Authors: Sahay Pranita , Sharma Namrata , Sinha Rajesh , Sachdeva Mahipal S 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To assess the ophthalmic practice pattern among ophthalmologists in India amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
An online questionnaire-based analysis was performed among members of the All India Ophthalmological Society (AIOS) and results were analyzed using SPSS software version 20.

Results:
A total of 2253 responses were received. The majority of the participants (72.6%) were between 30 and 60 years of age and were into private practice (64.7%). During the lockdown, over one-third of participant ophthalmologists reported not attending any OPD patients, whereas a majority (64%) provided only emergency ophthalmic services. During the COVID-19 pandemic, <15% surgeries were performed compared to the pre-COVID-19 era by 81% of participants, whereas elective surgeries were performed by only 4.3%. The proportion of participants utilizing telemedicine in ophthalmology showed a two-fold rise from the pre-COVID-19 era (21.9%) to the COVID-19 pandemic (46%). Over half of the participants reported following the AIOS guidelines, reducing clinic hours, use of screening questionnaires, minimizing staff, and use of breath shield on a slit lamp as precautionary measures to reduce the exposure. Over 95% of ophthalmologists were satisfied (score > 5/10) by the AIOS guidelines for ophthalmic practice during COVID-19.

Conclusion:
COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the ophthalmic care services across India with telemedicine emerging as a major rescue. The majority of practicing ophthalmologists are satisfied with guidelines provided by AIOS for ophthalmic care during the COVID-19 pandemic and have implemented the same in their setup.
Year one of COVID-19 pandemic in India: Effect of lockdown and unlock on trends in keratoplasty at a tertiary eye centre
Authors: Das Anthony V , Chaurasia Sunita , Vaddavalli Pravin K , Garg Prashant 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To describe the impact of lockdown and unlock phases of the COVID-19 pandemic on keratoplasty trends at a tertiary eye care center in India.

Methods:
This cross-sectional hospital-based study included 6,277 patients presenting between March 25, 2017 and March 31, 2021. The data of the patients who underwent keratoplasty during the lockdown and unlock phases were compared with the respective periods in the previous three years before COVID-19.

Results:
During the year one of pandemic, there was a 29.46% decline in the total number of keratoplasty performed at the institute compared to previous year’s annual numbers. The patients undergoing keratoplasty decreased by 90.28% (28/288) of pre-COVID-19 volumes during the lockdown phase. This was mainly because of a 40.6% reduction in the proportion of patients requiring interstate travel. There was complete recovery in the number of patients undergoing keratoplasty to 129.27% (184/142) of pre-COVID-19 volumes by March 2021. This gradual incremental trend was seen across all types of keratoplasty in Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (135.29%), penetrating keratoplasty (117.6%), therapeutic keratoplasty (122.22%), anterior lamellar keratoplasty (150%), and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (141.18%) by March 2021 with the gradual ease of lockdown regulations. The eye bank affiliated to the institute saw a 55.44% decline in donor cornea collection and an increase in utilization rate from 58.12% in previous years to 83.78% in year one of the pandemic. The overall eye bank donor cornea collection recovered to 86.96% (627/721) and tissue utilization increased by 109.99% (455/414) by March 2021.

Conclusion:
The first year of the COVID-19 pandemic saw an overall reduction of 29.46% of the patients undergoing keratoplasty at the institute. There was a gradual and incremental increase in all types of keratoplasty in the unlock phase, which surpassed the preceding years’ monthly numbers in February and March.
Prevalence and effectiveness of innovative techniques in ophthalmic surgical training during COVID-19 pandemic in India
Authors: Kaushik Jaya , Chaitanya YVK , Kumar Ashok , Jakhar Pushpendra , Shetty Rakesh , Singhal Aanchal , Parihar JKS , Singh Ankita 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
This study aimed to determine the various innovative surgical training techniques prevalent among ophthalmology residents in India during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:
This was a prospective cross-sectional study. An online survey questionnaire was completed by ophthalmology residents from different parts of the country. The survey consisted of questions related to the impact of the pandemic on training, innovative training techniques adapted during the pandemic and their effectiveness, and COVID-19 duty-related information.

Results:
A total of 147 responses were obtained. The mean age was 29.3 years (range: 24–40 years, SD: ±3.82). Of which, 87 (59.2%) respondents were females. A total of 61 (41.5%) respondents reported practicing steps of ocular surgeries on goat eye, 69 (46.9%) on model eye/vegetables/fruits, 30 (20.4%) on surgical simulators, and 26 (17.7%) utilized 3-D virtual images and videos. In addition, 22 (15%) respondents reported never using any such techniques. Furthermore, 130 (88.4%) respondents reported practicing steps of cataract surgery, 52 (35.4%) practiced steps of open globe repair, and steps of trabeculectomy were reported by 24 (16.3%). The steps that were reported to be practiced most are incision or tunnel construction by 108 (73.5%), suturing by 92 (62.6%), capsulorrhexis by 91 (61.9%), primary wound repair by 82 (55.8%), and conjunctival peritomy by 75 (51%).

Conclusion:
The present study demonstrates that residents across the country are adapting to the present scenario by utilizing several innovative methods to sharpen their surgical acumen. The current pandemic situation can serve as an impetus to emphasize upon the institutes and medical regulatory bodies to appropriately remodel the residency curriculum.
Efficacy of topical cyclosporine 0.05% and osmoprotective lubricating eye drops in treating dry eye disease and inflammation
Authors: Mullick Ritika , Annavajjhala Sriram , Thakur Prashansa , Mohapatra Ayushi , Shetty Rohit , D’Souza Sharon 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To evaluate the effect of topical cyclosporine 0.05% and osmoprotective lubricating eye drops on patients with dry eye disease (DED) with inflammation as measured by raised tear matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-9).

Methods:
This prospective study included 106 eyes of 53 patients diagnosed with DED based on any of the following DED criteria (Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI] score >12, tear film breakup time [TBUT] <10 s, Schirmer’s I test result <10 mm/5 min, ocular surface staining). Ocular surface inflammation was assessed by assessing MMP-9 positivity from tears of the patients in the study (Inflammadry kit Quidel corporation). Patients were prescribed osmoprotective lubricating eye drops (Osmodrops, Cipla Ltd) four times a day and cyclosporine A 0.05% eye drops (Imudrops, Cipla Ltd) twice a day for 6 months. Efficacy of the formulations was evaluated by OSDI scores, Schirmer’s test, TBUT change, reduction in ocular surface staining, and reduction in MMP-9 levels after 6 months of usage. Check P value and add from results

Results:
After 6 months of topical therapy, improvement was observed in OSDI scores (mean pretreatment: 25.7 ± 12.8, and mean posttreatment: 15.2 ± 8.4), P < 0.001. There was also reduction number of patients who were MMP-9 positive. Out of 75 eyes that tested MMP-9 positive, 70.66% showed reduction in MMP-9 levels P < 0.0001). Ocular surface staining also improved.

Conclusion:
Topical osmoprotective lubricating eye drops and cyclosporine A 0.05% reduce inflammation in cases of DED, which correlates with improvement in OSDI scores, ocular surface staining, and reduction in inflammation as measured by levels of tear MMP-9.
Sequence of events leading to diagnosis of keratoconus and its impact on quality of life
Authors: Dudeja Lakshey , Chauhan Tulika , Vohra Sanchi 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
Early diagnosis of keratoconus (KCN) and corneal collagen cross-linking can ensure that best-corrected visual acuity is preserved. We report the sequence of events leading to the diagnosis of KCN, as well as its impact on quality of life.

Methods:
This survey-based study included patients diagnosed with KCN for the first time at our center. Their corneal tomography was analyzed, and they were provided with a proforma and the NEI-VFQ-25 questionnaire and were asked to answer the given set of questions.

Results:
The study included 328 eyes of 164 patients. At the time of diagnosis, 112 (68.3%) patients were not aware of a disease called “keratoconus.” VKC was present in 56 patients, and 92 patients were not aware of the need to avoid eye rubbing. In total, 101 patients gave a history of sleeping more often on the side with worse KCN. The preferred primary point of contact was an optometrist for 45.1% of patients; 51.2% of patients reported never having visited an ophthalmologist. Sixty-four (39%) patients were advised a screening test to rule out KCN before presenting to our center; 42 (71.8%) of these patients did not get it done. Vision-targeted score showed a significant negative correlation with grade of KCN (r value: −0.471) and positive correlation (r value: 0.534) with LogMAR vision.

Conclusion:
KCN is a disease of the young and severely affects the quality of life. Improving awareness of the general public, ensuring timely referral by optometrists, and keeping a high index of suspicion is emphasized.
Assessment of the lamina cribrosa in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Akkaya Serkan , Ulusoy Döndü M , Doğan Hatice , Arslan Mahmut E 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of the lamina cribrosa thickness (LCT) and lamina cribrosa depth (LCD) in adolescence with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and compare with those receiving methylphenidate (MPH) and healthy controls.

Methods:
Fifty-five children with ADHD (9.23 ± 1.92 years, mean ± standard deviation), 41 children with ADHD given MPH (9.24 ± 1.84 years), and 86 healthy controls (9.95 ± 2.16 years) were recruited for the study. All subjects were subjected to a complete eye exam and optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to assess LCT and LCD. The severity of ADHD symptoms was evaluated by using parent-report measures, including Conners’s Parent Rating Scale–Revised: Short Form (CPRS-R: S) and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: Parent Form (SDQ: P).

Results:
The study showed a significant finding between the research groups with regard to LCT. LCT was shown to be significantly increased in ADHD subjects given MPH compared with the controls. However, LCD was not significantly different between cohorts. Also, a significant inverse correlation was found between the SDQ: P–Emotional Problems Subscale and LCT (r = −0.253; P = 0.030) in ADHD patients.

Conclusion:
Changes in lamina cribrosa (LC) in ADHD children receiving MPH suggest that the mechanism of action for MPH may target developing LC structures. More studies to define the relationship between MPH medications and the LC variations are defensible.
Role of Scheimpflug imaging for assessment of posterior lens capsule in pediatric traumatic cataract
Authors: Sen Pradhnya , Kumar Naveen , Mohan Amit , Shah Chintan , Jain Elesh , Sen Alok 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To find the accuracy of Scheimpflug imaging for the evaluation of posterior lens capsule and to assess the incidence of pre-existing posterior capsular tear (PCT) in pediatric traumatic cataracts.

Methods:
It was a prospective, non-randomized, and interventional study. Scheimpflug imaging was done preoperatively to detect pre-existing PCT in pediatric traumatic cataracts after blunt trauma. All patients underwent cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. Intraoperatively, the posterior capsule status was noted and compared with the preoperative Scheimpflug images.

Results:
Forty-seven eyes of 47 children having traumatic cataracts following closed-globe injury were included. There were 32 males and 15 females with a mean age of 10.91 ± 2.75 years. The mean duration of performing the Scheimpflug imaging from injury was 41.7 ± 7.78 days. Preoperative Scheimpflug imaging showed intact posterior lens capsule in 36 eyes and PCT in 11 eyes. Intraoperative, 37 eyes had an intact posterior lens capsule and 10 eyes had PCT. The Scheimpflug imaging did not detect the PCT in three eyes (false-negative), and in four eyes, PCT was detected falsely on Scheimpflug imaging (false-positive). The sensitivity and specificity of the Scheimpflug imaging were 70 and 89.18%, respectively. The accuracy of the technique was 85.11%.

Conclusion:
Scheimpflug imaging is a useful modality for the detection of PCT preoperatively in cases with doubtful posterior lens capsule integrity.
Firework related ocular injuries in Eastern India - A clinico-epidemiological analysis
Authors: Parija Sucheta , Chakraborty Koyel , Ravikumar S R 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
Ocular trauma is one of the major preventable causes of ocular morbidity and blindness in children and young adults. Firework injuries account for 20% of ocular trauma. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical profile and assess the severity of the ocular injuries sustained from fireworks in Eastern India mainly during the festive season.

Methods:
This was a retrospective, hospital-based case study of patients with ocular injuries sustained from fireworks during the year 2017–2020. The study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Demographic details, type of injury, duration of injury, visual status, diagnostic tests, and management were recorded.

Results:
Sixty-five patients were reported to suffer from firework-related ocular injuries. The majority of cases were male (51/78.5%). The mean age was 21.78 ± 16.82 years (range: 0–90 years). Children and young adult males were mostly affected (n = 40, 61.5%). Most common offending agent was the bottle rockets (n = 23, 35.4%), followed by bomb and crackers in (n = 18, 27.7%). Majority of the injuries occurred at home environment (n = 37, 56.9%), followed by street (n = 15, 23.1%). About (n = 39, 60%) of the injuries occurred among bystanders. About 40 cases (61.5%) hailed from rural areas. The majority of the cases (n = 46, 70.8%) suffered from closed globe injuries and surgical intervention was required in (n = 40, 61.5%) of the cases. The mean length of hospital stay of fewer than 5 days was required in (n = 42, 64.6%). The final visual acuity of 6/18 or better was achieved in 41 cases (63.1%).

Conclusion:
Ocular injuries from fireworks remain a public health problem. Awareness among the masses, preventive measures, and strict implementation of government legislation may help in bringing down the incidence of firework-related ocular morbidity and blindness.
Acute work-related hazardous eye exposures in a health care environment – An observational study from a tertiary care hospital in South India
Authors: Obed Prathibha , Amritanand Anika , Antipas Obed J H , Rebekah Grace , Kirupakaran Henry , Alex Reginald , Paul Padma 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
Healthcare workers (HCW) are exposed to numerous occupation-related eye hazards. We studied the epidemiological distribution, risk factors, and severity of acute work-related hazardous exposure/infection (WRHEI) to the eyes of HCW in a tertiary healthcare institution in Southern India.

Methods:
In this prospective observational study, we included HCW who reported acute WRHEI between February 15, 2017 and August 14, 2017 from a total 11,628 HCWs (staff and students). Each HCW underwent a comprehensive eye examination. Information regarding WRHEI was collected by a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 20.0.

Results:
Cumulative incidence of acute WRHEI in 6 months was 0.8%, 95% CI (0.64–0.96). Among the 94 reporting WRHEI, 82 (87.2%) were staff and 12 (12.8%) students. Mean age was 31.53 ± 8.39 years and 65 (69%) were females. Exposures were reported more commonly among nurses (25.5%), followed by technicians (18%), and housekeeping staff (15.9%). Infectious eye hazards accounted for 50%. Noninfectious eye hazards included exposure to chemicals (28%) and blood and body fluid (8%). Among them, awareness regarding personal protective equipment (PPE) and its usage was present in 44.6 and 27.6%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that HCWs working in clinical areas (adjusted odd’s ratio (AOR): 3.23, 95% CI: 1.12–9.34) and not wearing glasses (AOR: 3.72, 95% CI: 1.33–10.34) had a significantly higher risk of acute WRHEI.

Conclusion:
Cumulative Incidence of WRHEI eye was 8 per 1000 in 6 months. Infectious conjunctivitis is half the burden followed by chemical exposures. Awareness regarding eye safety and usage of PPE was low.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients with and without Chronic Periodontitis – A Clinico-Biochemical Study
Authors: Rujuta Patil , Pradeep A. R. , Chougule Purva , Swathika S. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a multifunctional angiogenic cytokine that plays a central role in inflammation and wound healing. The role of this angiogenic factor in periodontal destruction could be significant, and VEGF could act as a potent marker of periodontal disease progression. Its role in diabetes mellitus-related complications has been evaluated, and diabetes mellitus may be a potent modulator of VEGF in periodontal disease.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to evaluate and compare gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) VEGF levels of systemically healthy, chronic periodontitis, and Type II diabetes mellitus participants with and without chronic periodontitis and to investigate the role of VEGF in periodontal disease progression.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty participants were divided into four groups based on the gingival index, plaque index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level: (Group 1) healthy, (Group 2) chronic periodontitis, (Group 3) Type II diabetes mellitus without chronic periodontitis, and (Group 4) Type II diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis. GCF samples collected from each subject were quantified for VEGF levels using an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay. Further, the correlation between VEGF levels within groups and with the clinical parameters was analyzed in all groups. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software.

Results:
The mean concentration of VEGF in GCF was the highest in Group 4 (2179.24 pg/ml) followed by Group 3 (1948.32 pg/ml), Group 2 (1776.83 pg/ml), and the least in Group 1 (1266.80 pg/ml). Further, GCF VEGF levels showed a positive correlation with all of the clinical parameters.

Conclusions:
VEGF concentrations increased from health to disease. Type II diabetes mellitus may affect VEGF concentrations in periodontal disease. These data indicate that VEGF plays a key role in periodontal disease progression and can be considered a biomarker of periodontal disease progression.
Effect of Short-term Preoperative Dutasteride and Finasteride on Bleeding after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate
Authors: Kumar Nitesh , Palve Sunil K. , Marripeddi Karthik , Thantla Sanath 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the standard surgical treatment for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Among the many complications of TURP, the most prevalent and serious complication is hemorrhage. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of short-term (2–4 weeks) pretreatment of BPH with dutasteride and finasteride on bleeding after TURP.

Methods:
A prospective randomized double-blinded study was conducted in Osmania General Hospital, a tertiary care center for a period of 2 years. Two hundred and forty patients who were planned for TURP were included and randomized into four groups; D2: 2 weeks of dutasteride, F2: 2 weeks of finasteride, P2: 2 weeks of placebo, and D4: 4 weeks of dutasteride. The primary outcome was to evaluate the volume of blood loss.

Results:
The baseline variables were comparable among the groups. Statistically significant differences were seen in total volume of blood loss (183.4 vs. 172.7 vs. 288.5 vs. 173.2 ml, P = 0.01), blood loss per minute of operating time (3.80 vs. 3.65 vs. 5.71 vs. 3.61 ml/min, P = 0.02), and blood loss per gram of resected prostatic tissue (7.61 vs. 7.43 vs. 11.57 vs. 7.21 ml/g, P = 0.008). Blood transfusion requirement was significantly more in the placebo group (11.8%) compared to other groups (P = 0.02).

Conclusion:
Short-term preoperative dutasteride and finasteride for 2 weeks are equally effective, and they significantly reduce the perioperative blood loss during TURP. Four weeks of dutasteride has no significant advantage when compared to its 2-week course.
Analisis Prediksi Kebangkrutan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Altman Z-Score, Zmijewski, Springate Dan Grover Pada PT. Smartfren Telecom Tbk
Authors: Nur Novi Trianti Sakinah  , PUJI PUJI MUNIARTY 
Published: November 2021

Kebangkrutan merupakan kondisi perusahaan yang menunjukkan ketidakmampuan perusahaan untuk beroperasi dengan baik dikarenakan kesulitan keuangan yang dialami sangat parah. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mengukur kondisi kesehatan keuangan PT. Smartfren Telecom Tbk dengan menggunakan metode Altman Z-Score, Zmijewski, Springate dan Grover. Jumlah populasi adalah 13 tahun dengan periode 2007-2019 dan sampel adalah 10 tahun dengan periode 2010-2019. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode kebangkrutan dan uji one sample t-test. Hasil dari penelitian adalah metode Altman Z-Score, Springate dan Grover memprediksi PT. Smartfren Telecom Tbk tidak berpotensi mengalami kebangkrutan sedangkan metode Zmijewski memprediksi PT. Smartfren Telecom Tbk berpotensi mengalami kebangkrutan. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan uji one sample t-test dan besarnya nilai standar deviasi diperoleh metode Zmijewski merupakan metode yang relevan dan akurat untuk memprediksi kebangkrutan pada PT. Smartfren Telecom Tbk.
Sistem Transmisi Kontrol Mobil Robot dengan Menggunakan Gestur Tangan
Authors: Jati  , Agung Samudra  , Nanndo Yannuansa  , Ahmad Fauzi  
Published: November 2021

The innovation of the robot cars today is moving very fast. The robot car is capable of being driven without using manual remote controls. One form of technological development in robot car control is by using hand gestures. The microcontrolle placed in the palm of the hand will read the direction of movement of our hands, then the instructions are transmitted to the robot car. The transmission system used in the microcontrolled circuit in the palm of the hand and the receiver circuit inside the robot car must be properly attached. This is influenced by the quality of programming language levels and the arduino mini pro and MPU-6050 circuits. Hand gesture directional readings are able to be easily readable and directly transmitted by the NRF24L01 module via radio waves. The response power of the robot car in receiving hand-move instructions can be received as far as 45 m. In addition to using a good arduino mini pro, the addition of antenna modules will also increase the quality and distance of the connection is getting farther..