bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty as Primary Treatment for Ocular Hypertension and Mild Open Angle Glaucoma in the Saudi Arabian Population
Authors: Almarzouki Nawaf 
Published: January 2025

Background: Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is a promising, minimally invasive, non-surgical procedure for lowering IOP in glaucoma patients. While various studies have established the efficacy of SLT in lowering IOP in glaucoma patients there are limited data on its outcomes as a primary treatment modality in the Saudi Arabian population. That’s why it is essential to understand the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions in specific populations to optimize treatment strategies.
Methods:. A retrospective cohort design was used. 54 eyes of patients with ocular hypertension (OHT) or mild primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) underwent SLT. IOP, medication use, and potential influencing factors were monitored over one year.
Results: SLT significantly reduced IOP (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). The mean IOP decreased from 20.57 mmHg at baseline to 14.72 mmHg at one month (a 28.4% reduction) and remained substantially low during the year (15.39 mmHg at six months and 15.44 mmHg at one year). After SLT, the proportion of eyes achieving well-controlled IOP (<21 mmHg) significantly increased from 51.9% at baseline to 96.3% at one year (p < 0.001). This improvement was observed across all patient subgroups, including those with OHT, mild POAG, normal-tension glaucoma, and secondary glaucomas. Before SLT, all patients were medication-free. At one year, 74.1% remained medication-free, while 25.9% required one medication (p < 0.001). Greater IOP reduction was associated with a longer time since SLT, younger age, and diagnoses of mild POAG or normal tension glaucoma (all p < 0.05).
Conclusion: SLT demonstrated significant and sustained IOP reduction in the Saudi Arabian population with OHT and mild POAG. It also led to a substantial decrease in medication use. These findings suggest SLT as a viable primary treatment option for this patient population, though further research is needed to explore long-term outcomes.
Effectiveness of Exercise Therapy for Patients with Prostate Cancer Focusing on High-intensity Interval Training: A Narrative Review
Authors: Ito Shigenori 
Published: January 2025

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men, and the population of survivors continues to increase. Although PC has a slower progression rate and a relatively favorable prognosis compared to other cancers, new strategies are needed to enhance outcomes after diagnosis and treatment. The effectiveness of exercise therapy in the prevention and treatment of PC is well documented. The significance of exercise for patients with PC includes prevention of disease progression, maintenance of physical fitness, and enhancement of muscle strength before surgery, as well as during chemotherapy and radiotherapy, all of which contribute to improving prognosis after treatment. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a well-established training protocol for long-distance runners that has also been applied to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases as a relatively novel and promising approach. HIIT, which involves high-intensity aerobic exercise, is known to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiac function, and insulin resistance to a greater extent than moderate-intensity training. Recent studies have demonstrated that HIIT effectively improves cancer cell growth inhibition and decreases prostate-specific antigen levels in both localized PC under active surveillance and metastatic castrate-resistant PC. However, the HIIT protocol should be tailored to each patient's condition and physical fitness level upon implementation. If accumulating evidence confirms the ability of HIIT to enhance physical fitness and suppress PC growth, the benefits to patients with PC would be substantial, and expected to be widespread.
Quantification of Citrullinated Histone H3 as a Marker for Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Correlated to Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Dubaj Maciej , Homa-Mlak Iwona , Majdan Aleksandra , Mlak Radosław , Majdan Maria , Małecka-Massalska Teresa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease whose pathogenesis is not fully understood to date. One of the suggested mechanisms for its development is NETosis, which involves the release of a specific network consisting of chromatin, proteins, and enzymes from neutrophils, stimulating the immune system. One of its markers is citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of H3Cit levels with the clinical characteristics of 80 SLE patients. Levels of H3Cit in the subjects' serum were quantified spectrophotometrically. Statistical analysis was performed using MedCalc 15.8 and Statistica 13.3. Significantly higher H3Cit levels were found in patients with arthralgia (medians [interquartile range] [IQR]: 1.67 [1.67–1.69] vs. 1.67 [1.62–1.68], p = 0.0150, respectively) and reduced complement component C4 levels compared to patients without these conditions (medians [IQR]: 1.68 [1.67–1.70] vs. 1.68 [1.67–1.69], p = 0.0297, respectively). A significant weak negative correlation was observed between H3Cit levels and leukocytosis (rho = −0.2602, p = 0.0309) and reduced complement component C3 levels (rho = −0.2442, p = 0.0447) and a weak positive correlation with anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody levels (rho = 0.3794, p = 0.0036). Moreover, the clinical utility of the H3Cit assay in differentiating patients with arthralgia (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.709, p = 0.0115), seizures (AUC = 0.813, p = 0.0005), hepatomegaly (AUC = 0.746, p = 0.0111), and reduced levels of complement component C4 (AUC = 0.662, p = 0.0224) and without the above conditions was noted.
Some Standard Examples of Vector Spaces
Authors: Schwarzweller Christoph , Rowińska-Schwarzweller Agnieszka 
Published: January 2025

Summary
In this article, using the Mizar system, we introduce some standard examples of vector spaces, e.g., the vector space of linear transformations between vector spaces. We formulate some conditions for the isomorphism of finite-dimensional vector spaces and prove that linear transformations are uniquely determined by their values with respect to the basis.
Corrosion resistance of PPTA Ni-based hardfacing layers
Authors: Górnik Monika , Lachowicz Marzena , Łatka Leszek 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this study, the corrosion resistance of four different hardfacing layers in a 3.5% NaCl solution was tested. Using 316L steel as a reference material, NiCrBSi, NiCrBSi + 35 wt% WC, and NiCrCuMo were deposited onto a structural steel S235JR substrate using the plasma powder transferred arc technology and prepared samples in a disc form for testing. The purpose of this investigation was to propose an alternative material to the commonly known anti-corrosion protection product of 316L steel simultaneously with better wear resistance. Its corrosion damage mechanism was assessed based on electrochemical examination and is related to changes in the microstructure of the sample surface investigated by using a potentiostat and a scanning electron microscope. Polarization tests were carried out, which confirmed that all proposed overlayers provide effective anti-corrosion protection. For all samples, the corrosion current density did not exceed 0.3 µA/cm2, and the corrosion potential was not less than −290.9 mV, which were considered positive results.
Research on Well-Being and Robotics in Education
Authors: Smyrnova-Trybulska Eugenia , Porczyńska-Ciszewska Anna , Kopczyński Tomasz , Kommers Piet 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Human mental well-being, measured by the frequency of experiencing happiness, may be one of the most important factors in supporting learning and stimulating creative thinking, so necessary during robotics and programming classes. Positive emotional states, mental well-being, and a sense of happiness are also closely related to social contacts, the development of which is undoubtedly contributed to by the participation of students in the performing of joint tasks during robotics and programming classes. The article presents the results of research on the relationship between mental well-being, the measure of which is the frequency of experiencing happiness, and the implementation of robotics and programming classes in high school. The study covered 127 high school students in southern Poland. The Happiness Experience Scale (SDS) and a questionnaire were used in the research. On the basis of the obtained research results, it can be concluded that experiencing happiness is related to the development of creativity and social competences among students participating in robotics and programming classes. The issue of robots in education as a part of STEM education was considered. Initial qualitative research was also done on the organization of robotics and programming classes.
The Turing Test and the Issue of Trust in AI Systems
Authors: Stacewicz Paweł , Sołoducha Krzysztof 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Turing test, which is a verbal test of the indistinguishability of machine and human intelligence, is a historically important idea that has set a way of thinking about the AI (artificial intelligence) project that is still relevant today. According to it, the benchmark/blueprint for AI is human intelligence, and the key skill of AI should be its communicative proficiency – which includes explaining decisions made by the machine.
Passing the original Turing test by a machine does not guarantee that the machine is, from the point of view of a human, trustworthy; on the contrary, the idea of a machine capable of “fooling” or “outsmarting” a human is inherent within the concept of the test.
We postulate, that a test that guarantees a high level of trust should be: a) non-imitative, b) non-behavioral, c) focused on the ability to explain, taking into account, however, the design and rules of operation of the machine (and not just human expectations), d) focused on the machine’s ability to learn.
The Validity of the Dialogical Paradigm in the Context of Digital Technologies
Authors: Marcinów Teresa 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The research aim of this article is to answer the question of the validity of the dialogical paradigm when confronted with the challenges posed by new digital technologies. The article is a synthetic and selective study of this issue. The research intention is realised in several points. The scope of considerations includes a brief presentation of the issue of paradigm as an important element in contemporary science, the presentation of key issues in the field of philosophy of dialogue and the significance of the dialogical approach for challenges that arise in the context of new technologies. The thesis of this article is that the way of understanding the phenomenon of encounter proposed by dialogicalists makes it possible to assess the directions of the development of new technologies in such aspects as: the experience of the subjectivity of the Other in technological mediation, personal authenticity versus mediality, the limitation of human autonomy. The next part of the article will be a discussion of selected digital technologies which, due to the effects produced on their users, pose a social challenge. In the article, I apply the critical-analytical method, there is also an attempt to reconstruct concepts and an application of own observations. The article ends with conclusions based on the analysis presented.
Philosophy in Engineering Systems of Action: Analysis and Interpretation of the Selected Ontological Aspects of Józef Konieczny’s Theory of Action
Authors: Smolnik Maksymilian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Designing and examining systems of action plays an important role in modern engineering. Such a general approach to actions is also supportive to the discussions on the development of artificial intelligence agents. As a philosophically remarkable and practically useful approach to actions the theory of action proposed by the Polish philosopher, scientist and military specialist Józef Konieczny undergoes here further considerations.
The Konieczny’s concepts have not been intensively thoroughly researched and further developed, and a deep philosophical analysis is the condition for their efficient application when solving real-life problems.
This paper presents own interpretations of Konieczny’s views on action, including own clarifications or additions to the original solutions. The main aim is to identify the essential elements of the theory of action and analyse it in the ontological context. The selected structures of action were characterised, the analysis of the fundamental concepts was conducted, the ontological characterization of the types of actions and the objects involved in action was developed, and the certain issues of realism and functionalism identified were discussed. The results obtained constitute an important testimony to the practice of philosophy in technology and are useful when aiming at further development of the approach analysed.
Chinese Chat Room: AI Hallucinations, Epistemology and Cognition
Authors: Šekrst Kristina 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to show that understanding AI hallucination requires an interdisciplinary approach that combines insights from epistemology and cognitive science to address the nature of AI-generated knowledge, with a terminological worry that concepts we often use might carry unnecessary presuppositions. Along with terminological issues, it is demonstrated that AI systems, comparable to human cognition, are susceptible to errors in judgement and reasoning, and proposes that epistemological frameworks, such as reliabilism, can be similarly applied to enhance the trustworthiness of AI outputs. This exploration seeks to deepen our understanding of the possibility of AI cognition and its implications for the broader philosophical questions of knowledge and intelligence.
Economic Rhetoric in the Thought of John Paul II
Authors: Ciborowski Robert , Kargol-Wasiluk Aneta , Zalesko Marian 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The aim of the article is to present the way of economic thinking particularly visible in the social teaching of the Church of John Paul II, through the prism of rhetoric and economic discourse. The authors use the method of analysis and synthesis, focusing on a man being at the center of economic activity. The paper shows the sensitivity of the great twentieth-century thinker to economic matters. His thought could be an inspiration for creating and implementing the concept of economic and social policy and then it would be able to constitute a huge potential of guidelines for a better understanding of the functioning of the modern world and building and implementing solutions that can have an impact on improving the human condition.
Not Yet a Duck
Authors: Daugherty Tim , Paliliunas Dana , Zimmerman David , Curry Natalie , Whipple Tanya , Echols Leslie , Deal Paul , Strength Saylor 
Published: January 2025

Online baccalaureate programs now serve a quarter of American degree-seeking students. As those programs proliferated in the past decade, host institutions tended to “unbundle” academic affairs and student affairs (often neglecting the latter in the design and delivery of online programs). And so, while online programs opened the door for students facing barriers, the programs might not be conveying the full set of social, personal, and professional benefits of a college education. Herein, we describe our initiation of a data-driven effort to enrich online degree programs.
Industrial heritage as a felicitous factor of the well-being of the population of the Urals in the 1970s and 1980s.
Authors: Lakhtionova Elizaveta Sergeevna 
Published: January 2025

The object of the study are scientists, teachers, local historians and other progressive-minded residents of the Urals. The subject of the study is their perception of the well–being of their region through the activities of various actors to preserve monuments of industrial heritage. The chronological framework – the 1970s and 1980s – was not chosen by chance. During this period, the desire of a part of the Soviet population to identify and preserve the monuments of the industrial past of their region was emerging, which was expressed not only in publishing activities, but also in extensive practical work. The author identifies a number of functions that were laid down in Soviet times in the process of preserving monuments of industrial heritage: educational, cognitive, aesthetic, image-forming. The relevance and practical significance of the study lies precisely in the fact that these functions can and should be updated at the present time in order to preserve the remaining objects of the industrial heritage of the Urals. The research used materials stored in the central and regional archives, as well as published sources. The complex of scientific methods that were used to achieve the research goal consists of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, analogy) and special historical (problem-chronological, historical-comparative). The author concludes that in the 1970s and 1980s, individual residents of the Urals (scientists, engineers, local historians, teachers) did not in vain begin to attract the attention of the general public to the need to preserve monuments of industrial heritage. They believed that these objects could be used to implement several functions: educational, cognitive, aesthetic and some others. The combination of these functions, or each one individually, can allow a person to feel happy. And this will contribute to the formation of a favorable image of the region. The author believes that the industrial heritage has a huge potential for shaping and maintaining the attractiveness of the region, and therefore the well-being of its happy residents through feelings of demand in the profession, pride in the history and achievements of previous generations. And this factor must be developed and strengthened at the present time, until the remnants of the industrial heritage of the Urals are finally lost.
Historical and legal evolution of concepts of legal harm
Authors: Koroleva Ekaterina Sergeevna 
Published: January 2025

The subject of this article is the consideration of changes in the understanding and definition of legal harm from antiquity to the present, as well as the historical and legal evolution of the concepts of legal harm and its consequences for the subject of law, the analysis of approaches in this area. The article analyzes the historical roots of the term, its development in various legal systems, the influence of philosophical, social, political and cultural aspects on the formation and development of the concept. In addition, a comparison of the legal regulation of legal harm in different countries and approaches to this concept is carried out, criteria for determining legal harm in different eras are noted, which will help to assess current trends in this area and their reflection in practice. The methodological basis of the study was the comparative historical method, which made it possible to systematize the information available in the literature on legal harm at different stages – from ancient civilizations to our time. The analysis of changing perceptions of the negative consequences of offenses allows us to better understand modern approaches to assessing and compensating for legal harm, as well as to view the relationship with other concepts of legal liability. In ancient times, the concept was based on the following: if one caused damage to another, then he should be responsible for it, thus the ideas of justice and compensation for the damage caused to the victim were the basis. The Medieval era is characterized by the close connection of the concept of good and evil with Christian ethics and morality. Then there is the need to affirm the value of the individual, to recognize the dignity of a person. And subsequently, the term "harm" becomes, first of all, a social concept, and responsibility for its infliction presupposes the operation of the law and compensation for damage to the victim.
Pedagogía con tecnologías de información y comunicación basada en competencias filosóficas
Authors: Cabezas Quispe Miguel Ángel 
Published: January 2025

El presente artículo de investigación científica, estuvo orientado a desarrollar el pensamiento crítico y reflexivo de los estudiantes de los últimos grados del nivel secundaria de una institución educativa de la ciudad de Chiclayo en Perú, El objetivo de estudio fue determinar la relaciòn que existe entre el manejo de herramientas digitales y logros de competencias filosóficas. Se consultó a cuatro artículos científicos especializados y a las bases de datos: EBSCO, SCIELO, Dialnet y SCOPUS El instrumento de medición fue un cuestionario de 16 preguntas abarcando 4 dimensiones. Los resultados demostraron que la propuesta pedagógica con TIC mejoró significativamente las competencias filosóficas, ningún estudiante permaneció en la categoría pobre y en la categoría buena aumentó del 27% en la prueba previa al 45,9% en la prueba posterior.
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF MEDICAL REPRESENTATIVES
Authors: V S Sreethy Mohan , Rani R. Shoba 
Published: January 2025

Medical Representatives are a group of highly educated, smart, well-groomed people with good personality and behavior. Their role is to influence healthcare professionals to prescribe their product brand to their customers. The role of medical representative is very challenging one as they are the backbone of pharmaceutical industry. They inform and present their brand features in front of the physician, try to influence them for prescribing their product. They also try to understand the needs of physicians and communicate the same with higher officials. Thus, their feedback is very much useful to the research and development of the company. Medical representatives work as an intermediate between the company and healthcare professionals they are so much updated regarding their competitor’s product, price and its features. They build good relationships with doctors, chemists, stockiest as well as administrators by providing information about their brand and persuade them to promote their company products by prescribing the same to the patients. They also organize conferences for physicians for informing them about their company’s new product launch, features etc. briefly they perform versatile tasks and duties as a mediator of their company.