bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical and magnetic properties of particles containing guanine in strong basic solution
Authors: Iwasaka Masakazu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGuanine based particle is one of very efficient material to control light especially near the surface of animal body. Past studies reported that platelets of anhydrous guanin crystal are utilized by living creatures, and they can change their colour and light reflection intensity when the arrangement of platelets. Guanine has relatively high reflective index and its particle can exhibit a unique optical property. Under higher pH which can be provided by a high concentration of NaOH aqueous solution, guanine molecules formed a sodium salt particle which contain guanine. Here this work presents that particles containing guanine in basic aqueous solution with NaOH exhibited very strong shining and light reflection switching by magnetic fields. In addition, adding an extracted solution of a fish iridophore enhanced the formation of intensively light reflecting guanine particles floating in a strong basic solution.
Sensitivity and resolution improvement for in-vivo magnetic resonance current density imaging (MRCDI) of the human brain
Authors: Göksu Cihan , Scheffler Klaus , Gregersen Fróði , Eroğlu Hasan H. , Heule Rahel , Siebner Hartwig R. , Hanson Lars G. , Thielscher Axel 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTPurposeMagnetic resonance current density imaging (MRCDI) combines MR brain imaging with the injection of time-varying weak currents (1-2 mA) to assess the current flow pattern in the brain. However, the utility of MRCDI is still hampered by low measurement sensitivity and poor image quality.MethodsWe recently introduced a multi-gradient-echo-based MRCDI approach that has the hitherto best documented efficiency. We now advanced our MRCDI approach in three directions and performed phantom and in-vivo human brain experiments for validation: First, we verified the importance of enhanced spoiling and optimize it for imaging of the human brain. Second, we improved the sensitivity and spatial resolution by using acquisition weighting. Third, we added navigators as a quality control measure for tracking physiological noise. Combining these advancements, we tested our optimized MRCDI method by using 1 mA transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) currents injected via two different electrode montages in five subjects.ResultsFor a session duration of 4:20 min, the new MRCDI method was able to detect magnetic field changes caused by the TES current flow at a sensitivity level of 84 pT, representing in a twofold increase relative to our original method. Comparing both methods to current flow simulations based on personalized head models demonstrated a consistent increase in the coefficient of determination of ΔR2=0.12 for the current-induced magnetic fields and ΔR2=0.22 for the current flow reconstructions. Interestingly, some of the simulations still clearly deviated from the measurements despite of the strongly improved measurement quality. This suggests that MRCDI can reveal useful information for the improvement of head models used for current flow simulations.ConclusionThe advanced method strongly improves the sensitivity and robustness of MRCDI and is an important step from proof-of-concept studies towards a broader application of MRCDI in clinical and basic neuroscience research.
Toward developing a sustainable regeneration framework for urban industrial heritage
Authors: Arbab Parsa , Alborzi Gelareh 
Published: March 2021

PurposeRegeneration of industrial heritage aims to display the patrimony assets by launching measures to convert them into cultural spaces associated with sustainable initiatives for satisfying environmental, social and economic demands in the city. The adaptive transformation and reusing process of industrial heritage constitutes a crucial cultural objective and consequently must be identified in a way that simultaneously integrates preservation with conversion and conservation with refurbishment. Hence, this paper explores to develop a framework for the sustainable regeneration of industrial heritage in cities.Design/methodology/approachBy reviewing the current literature, research and experiences on urban industrial heritage, including existing approaches, frameworks, and case studies, this study brings a theoretical and conceptual approach to sustainable regeneration of industrial heritage, which is a fundamental start point for conducting further research and performing practical projects.FindingsThree key phases of the Initiation as decision context, including understand the characteristics and assess the significance, the Planning as decision problem, including study the feasibility, develop a policy, and prepare a proposed reuse plan, and the Execution as decision output, including implement the plan, monitor the results and review the plan should be considered regarding the sustainable regeneration of urban industrial heritage.Originality/valueThe suggested framework considers sustainable regeneration of industrial heritage in cities as a decision-making process, which requires defining the decision context, analyzing the decision problem, and finally, results in the decision output. Accordingly, it seems to help bridge the gap between various discourses and planning perspectives and make all stakeholders' involvement easier, more effective and efficient regarding the sustainable regeneration of industrial heritage in cities.
Dupilumab shows slow, steady effectiveness for intractable prurigo in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Takeuchi Satoshi , Inoue Keiichi , Kuretake Keisuke , Kiyomatsu‐Oda Mari , Furue Masutaka 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrurigo lesions in atopic dermatitis are intractable. This single‐center, retrospective study examined dupilumab’s clinical effects on intractable prurigo. Twenty adult atopic dermatitis patients (12 with prurigo, eight without) were administrated dupilumab. Its effects on itching and disease severity were examined with Numerical Rating Scale–Itch (NRS‐I), Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), and Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) scores; body surface areas (BSA); and thymus‐ and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC), total immunoglobulin (Ig)E, and eosinophil levels. NRS‐I scores, EASI scores, TARC levels, and total IgE levels before dupilumab treatment were not statistically different between the prurigo and non‐prurigo groups. With dupilumab treatment, NRS‐I scores, EASI scores, IGA scores, BSA, TARC levels, and total IgE levels were significantly reduced from baseline in both groups at 1–2 months and onward, but skin symptom improvement in the prurigo group was slower than in the non‐prurigo group, as evidenced by significantly higher EASI scores, BSA, and TARC levels at several time points during the 12 months of dupilumab treatment. Prurigo patients were slower in EASI‐50 achievement and significantly lower in EASI‐90 achievement at 12 months than non‐prurigo patients. Adherence to dupilumab was not different, but total equivalent amounts of concomitant therapeutic agents (corticosteroids and tacrolimus) used during dupilumab treatment were significantly higher in the prurigo group (median, 56.2 g/week) than in the non‐prurigo group (median, 33.7 g/week). There were 2.2 adverse events per patient on average; ocular complaints were most frequent. Dupilumab was effective in treating intractable prurigo, but despite significantly greater concomitant therapeutic agent use, skin symptom improvement was slower in prurigo patients than in non‐prurigo patients.
C4‐dicarboxylates and l‐aspartate utilization by Escherichia coli K‐12 in the mouse intestine: l‐aspartate as a major substrate for fumarate respiration and as a nitrogen source
Authors: Schubert Christopher , Winter Maria , Ebert‐Jung Andrea , Kierszniowska Sylwia , Nagel‐Wolfrum Kerstin , Schramm Thorben , Link Hannes , Winter Sebastian , Unden Gottfried 
Published: March 2021

SummaryC4‐dicarboxylates, such as fumarate, l‐malate and l‐aspartate represent substrates for anaerobic growth of Escherichia coli by fumarate respiration. Here, we determined whether C4‐dicarboxylate metabolism, as well as fumarate respiration, contribute to colonization of the mammalian intestinal tract. Metabolite profiling revealed that the murine small intestine contained high and low levels of l‐aspartate and l‐malate respectively, whereas fumarate was nearly absent. Under laboratory conditions, addition of C4‐dicarboxylate at concentrations corresponding to the levels of the C4‐dicarboxylates in the small intestine (2.6 mmol kg−1 dry weight) induced the dcuBp‐lacZ reporter gene (67% of maximal) in a DcuS‐DcuR‐dependent manner. In addition to its role as a precursor for fumarate respiration, l‐aspartate was able to supply all the nitrogen required for anaerobically growing E. coli. DcuS‐DcuR‐dependent genes were transcribed in the murine intestine, and mutants with defective anaerobic C4‐dicarboxylate metabolism (dcuSR, frdA, dcuB, dcuA and aspA genes) were impaired for colonizing the murine gut. We conclude that l‐aspartate plays an important role in providing fumarate for fumarate respiration and supplying nitrogen for E. coli in the mouse intestine.
Effects of alcohol sensitivity on alcohol‐induced blackouts and passing out: An examination of the alcohol sensitivity questionnaire among underage drinkers
Authors: Davis Christal N. , Piasecki Thomas M. , Bartholow Bruce D. , Slutske Wendy S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe role of alcohol sensitivity in the experience of blacking out and passing out has not been well established. Here, we examined the relation between individual differences in alcohol sensitivity (i.e., numbers of drinks required to experience various effects of alcohol) and reports of blacking out and passing out in the past year.MethodsParticipants (925 healthy, underage college student drinkers) completed the Alcohol Sensitivity Questionnaire (ASQ) and reported on their past year blacking out and passing out experiences.ResultsThe fit of the ASQ’s 2‐factor structure was fair (CFI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.09) in this sample of underage drinkers. In unadjusted models, higher ASQ scores (i.e., requiring more drinks to experience effects, indicating lower alcohol sensitivity) were associated with experiencing more blackouts (IRR = 1.68 [1.31–2.15]) and passing out (IRR = 2.25 [1.59–3.18]) in the past year. After controlling for typical consumption, however, higher ASQ scores were associated with fewer past‐year blackouts (IRR = 0.76 [0.60–0.98]). Total ASQ scores moderated the relationship between typical alcohol consumption and blackout occurrence (interaction IRR = 0.96 [0.93–0.98]), but not passing out occurrence (interaction IRR = 0.95 [0.89–1.01]), with the quantity of alcohol consumed more strongly associated with blackout occurrence among higher‐sensitivity than lower‐sensitivity drinkers.ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with prior work suggesting that low sensitivity may act as a paradoxical risk factor for certain heavy drinking effects, contributing to higher levels of alcohol consumption and more frequent negative consequences while also conferring protection (relative to high‐sensitivity peers) at a given level of alcohol exposure.
CEO pay disparity, takeover premiums and bidder performance in Australia: efficient contracting or managerial power?
Authors: Luong Hoa , Duong Lien , Evans John 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe compare acquiring firms’ CEO pay with that of the highest‐paid non‐CEO director and investigate the influence of CEO pay disparity on takeover premiums and bidder performance. Based on a takeover sample of Australian listed targets and bidders during the 2002–2015 period, we find that takeover premiums are significantly higher if the deals are processed by acquiring firms with higher CEO pay disparity. Although these firms do not receive favourable immediate market responses to their takeover announcements, they outperform in the long run. We find no evidence that offering a large takeover premium harms shareholders’ wealth. Overall, our findings largely support efficient contracting theory in the Australian M&A context.
Revised guidelines for the endodontic education of dentistry students in Australia and New Zealand (FEBRUARY 2021)
Authors: Sadr Atieh , Rossi‐Fedele Giampiero , Love Robert M. , George Roy , Parashos Peter , Wu Morgan C‐Y , Friedlander Lara , Peters Ove , Moule Alex J. , Zimet Phillippe , Abbott Paul V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThese revised guidelines for contemporary endodontic education in Australia and New Zealand (version 2021) propose the minimum criteria for the training of dentistry students. The document contains a definition of endodontics and a description of the scope of endodontics. It proposes a general outline for education programmes in endodontics as part of general dental practice.
The ability of reciprocating glide path instruments to reach the full root canal working length
Authors: Campos Daniel Souza , Rodrigues Evaldo Almeida , Bueno Carlos Eduardo da Silveira , Fontana Carlos Eduardo , da Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal , de Lima Carolina Oliveira , De Martin Alexandre Sigrist 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study evaluated the ability of reciprocating glide path instruments to reach the full working length (RFWL). Thirty mesial roots of mandibular molars were matched into 2 groups (n = 15 teeth, 30 root canals), according to the system used for glide path: WaveOne Gold Glider (WOGG) and R‐Pilot. The samples with fractured instruments or when it was not possible to RFWL were scanned using micro‐computed tomography. Fractured instruments were also visualised through a scanning electron microscopy to verify the type of fracture. The parameters were compared statistically by Fisher's and chi‐square tests (P < 0.05). No instrument fractures were observed in the R‐pilot, while 2 fractures occurred in the WOGG group (P > 0.05). RFLW was achieved in 29 canals (96.66%) and 28 canals (93.33%) with R‐pilot and WOGG instruments, respectively (P > 0.05). The instruments are able to RFWL in mesial canals of mandibular molars. WOGG showed two fractures while no R‐Pilot instruments fractured.
Shortening the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study visual acuity test utilizing a novel computer software: reproducibility in control and patient eyes
Authors: Cohen Amir D. N. , Mimouni Michael , El‐Yaniv Ran , Blumenthal Eytan Z. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeTo describe and compare a method of computerized visual acuity (VA) testing software to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart.MethodsSetting: Single tertiary institution. Study Population: Prospective study including right eyes of volunteers (N = 109) and patients (N = 126). Intervention: Subjects were tested in a random order twice with the ETDRS chart and twice with the VA software. For ETDRS, we calculated the final VA separately for each run, using four different test termination criteria (1‐miss in a row, 2‐miss in a row, 50% miss and per‐letter). For software testing, we calculated final VA with a variety of number of letters presented. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures were reproducibility and number of letters required to exceed ETDRS reproducibility.ResultsFor ETDRS, the average number of letters presented was 55.1 ± 9, 54.3 ± 10, 53.1 ± 10 and 70 for the 1‐miss, 2‐miss, 50% termination and per‐letter criterion. The test–retest variability (TRV) of ETDRS was 0.29, 0.42, 0.17 and 0.141 for the 1‐miss in a row, 2‐miss in a row, 50% and per‐letter termination criteria. For the software VA test, TRV was 0.202, 0.138 and 0.112 after presenting 6, 11 and 20 letters. The reproducibility of the software was equal to the ETDRS at 11 letters and thereafter surpassed. Similar results were achieved in the patient group.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that by utilizing a VA testing software, based on advanced threshold testing algorithms we were able to duplicate, and surpass, the reproducibility of the ETDRS chart while presenting much fewer letters.
Rotational alignment of corneal endothelial grafts and risk of graft detachment after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty: a double‐masked pseudo‐randomized study
Authors: Fritz Marianne , Grewing Viviane , Gruber Markus , Wagner Helena , Zander Daniel , Lapp Thabo , Lang Stefan J. , Heinzelmann‐Mink Sonja , Maier Philip C. , Reinhard Thomas , Wacker Katrin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThe posterior cornea is rotationally asymmetric, and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) grafts preferentially scroll vertically. This prospective study assessed whether graft attachment after DMEK differed depending on the rotational alignment of the donor graft in the recipient eye.MethodsPseudo‐randomization and blinding of the graft orientation in the recipient’s eye were possible by procedural separation: (1) The eye bank recorded the position of an orientation marker in the donor cornea; (2) the surgeon preparing the DMEK graft recorded an upside‐down marker relative to the eye bank marker; and (3) the surgeon assessed the position of the upside‐down marker in the recipient after DMEK. Surgeons were masked towards the eye bank marker. Using mixed‐effects models, we assessed graft attachment relative to the rotational alignment of the donor graft.ResultsPostoperatively, the graft was not fully attached in 59 of 179 eyes (33%). A second air fill (rebubbling) was performed in 11%. The graft axis was in line with the recipient cornea axis in 40%, oblique in 28% and orthogonal in 32%. We did not detect an elevated risk of incomplete attachment (odds ratio [OR], 1.16; 95% CI, 0.61–2.20), risk of rebubbling (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 0.47–3.31) or larger areas of graft detachment in non‐aligned grafts compared to aligned grafts.ConclusionRotational alignment was not strongly associated with the risk of incomplete graft attachment, although modestly elevated risks cannot be ruled out. Efforts are needed to reduce the need for rebubbling after DMEK and to identify modifiable risk factors for graft detachment.
Polymicrobial gastroenteritis in children
Authors: Vergadi Eleni , Maraki Sofia , Dardamani Evangelia , Ladomenou Fani , Galanakis Emmanouil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimCo‐infections with viral and bacterial enteropathogens often augment severity of diarrhoea, however, there is limited evidence on the clinical importance of bacterial enteric co‐infections. We investigated the rate, type and impact of bacterial enteropathogens and their associations in children with gastroenteritis.MethodsRetrospective cohort study that included children 0–18 years old with acute bacterial diarrhoea during a 27‐year period (1993–2019), in Crete, Greece. Differences in clinical characteristics and pathogen associations were investigated between single and multiple infections.ResultsTwo or more bacteria were isolated in stool culture in 53 out of 1932 children (2.74%). Patients with co‐infections were younger (p 0.0001) and had higher hospitalisation rates (p 0.03). Escherichia coli (E. coli) was the most prevalent pathogen associated with co‐infections, in particular the E. coli enteropathogenic strains O127 and O111 (p 0.001), and Salmonella spp the least (p 0.001). Co‐occurrence analysis revealed two positively associated pathogen pairs, E. coli with Campylobacter spp and E. coli (p 0.001) with Salmonella spp (p 0.04).ConclusionBacterial enteropathogen co‐infection was most common with E. coli strains and related to higher hospitalisation rates and younger age.
Job stress and well‐being among internal migrant workers in China: A review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Qianfeng , Du Hongfei , Chi Peilian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis review synthesized the findings from twenty‐one studies of the associations between job stress and well‐being among migrant workers in China. We conducted a systematic review and a meta‐analysis of the correlations between two types of job stress (i.e. high job demands and lack of job resources) and two aspects of well‐being (i.e. positive aspects and negative aspects). The results revealed a modest but significant association between job stress and positive aspects of well‐being (r = −.179), and a modest but significant association between job stress and negative aspects of well‐being (r = .256). Importantly, the association between job stress and negative aspects of well‐being was larger than the association between job stress and positive aspects of well‐being. Neither association was moderated by the indicators of job stress or by a set of study characteristics and sample characteristics. The findings contribute to the literature by clarifying the inconsistent findings of occupational health psychology research regarding the effect of job stress on Chinese migrant workers’ well‐being. The findings suggest that future studies should distinguish the differential effects of job stress on positive versus negative aspects of well‐being.
Perceived organizational support and PTSD symptoms of frontline healthcare workers in the outbreak of COVID‐19 in Wuhan: The mediating effects of self‐efficacy and coping strategies
Authors: Zhou Ting , Guan Ruiyuan , Sun Liqun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine the effect of perceived organizational support on the PTSD symptoms of frontline healthcare workers, and to examine the mediating effects of coping self‐efficacy and coping strategies in this relationship. A short‐term longitudinal study design was used to conduct two waves of online surveys in March and April 2020. Participants comprised 107 medical staff in both waves of investigation. Self‐efficacy, coping strategies, and perceived organizational support were reported at Wave 1, and PTSD symptoms were reported at Wave 2. Results indicated that (1) The prevalence of probable PTSD was 9.3% and 4.7% on the Chinese version of the Impact of Events Scale‐Revised of 33 and 35, respectively. Local healthcare workers had greater risks of PTSD than the members of medical rescue teams. Doctors reported higher PTSD symptoms than nurses. (2) Perceived organizational support had a significant indirect effect on PTSD symptoms through the mediation of problem‐focused coping strategies and the sequential mediating effect of coping self‐efficacy and problem‐focused coping strategies. The findings highlight the importance of providing adequate organizational support to reduce PTSD symptoms in frontline medical staff during the COVID‐19 pandemic.