bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An intelligence design for detection and classification of COVID19 using fusion of classical and convolutional neural network and improved microscopic features selection approach
Authors: Amin Javaria , Anjum Muhammad Almas , Sharif Muhammad , Saba Tanzila , Tariq Usman 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCoronavirus19 is caused due to infection in the respiratory system. It is the type of RNA virus that might infect animal and human species. In the severe stage, it causes pneumonia in human beings. In this research, hand‐crafted and deep microscopic features are used to classify lung infection. The proposed work consists of two phases; in phase I, infected lung region is segmented using proposed U‐Net deep learning model. The hand‐crafted features are extracted such as histogram orientation gradient (HOG), noise to the harmonic ratio (NHr), and segmentation based fractal texture analysis (SFTA) from the segmented image, and optimum features are selected from each feature vector using entropy. In phase II, local binary patterns (LBPs), speeded up robust feature (Surf), and deep learning features are extracted using a pretrained network such as inceptionv3, ResNet101 from the input CT images, and select optimum features based on entropy. Finally, the optimum selected features using entropy are fused in two ways, (i) The hand‐crafted features (HOG, NHr, SFTA, LBP, SURF) are horizontally concatenated/fused (ii) The hand‐crafted features (HOG, NHr, SFTA, LBP, SURF) are combined/fused with deep features. The fused optimum features vector is passed to the ensemble models (Boosted tree, bagged tree, and RUSBoosted tree) in two ways for the COVID19 classification, (i) classification using fused hand‐crafted features (ii) classification using fusion of hand‐crafted features and deep features. The proposed methodology is tested /evaluated on three benchmark datasets. Two datasets employed for experiments and results show that hand‐crafted & deep microscopic feature's fusion provide better results compared to only hand‐crafted fused features.
A note on uniquely 10‐colorable graphs
Authors: Kriesell Matthias 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHadwiger conjectured that every graph of chromatic number admits a clique minor of order . Here we prove for , that every graph of chromatic number with a unique ‐coloring (up to the color names) admits a clique minor of order . The proof does not rely on the Four Color Theorem.
Bleeding is associated with intravenous immunoglobulin and therapeutic plasma exchange use in heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia: A propensity matched analysis
Authors: Soares Ferreira Júnior Alexandre , Boyle Stephen H. , Kuchibhatla Maragatha , Onwuemene Oluwatoyosi A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) are used in select cases with heparin‐induced thrombocytopenia (HIT). In a cross‐sectional analysis, a propensity matched sample was generated by IVIG or TPE treatment status to assess the primary outcome of mortality. In 500 HIT cases, IVIG or TPE was not associated with increased mortality (OR = 1.46; 95% CI: 0.81–2.63, p = 0.2052) but was associated with a higher likelihood of major bleeding (OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.03–2.96, p = 0.0376). The use of IVIG or TPE in HIT cases with bleeding contraindications to standard therapies should be further investigated.
Fiscal decentralization, democracy and government size: Disentangling the complexities
Authors: Kwabena Obeng Samuel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the mediating effect of democracy in explaining the relationship between decentralization and government size for the period 1970–2013. We proxy decentralization by fiscal decentralization, use total spending as our primary measure of government size and adopt the V‐Dem high‐level democracy indices as measures of democracy. Our main finding is that the relationship between fiscal decentralization and government spending differs under different types of democracy. From the interaction term, the negative effect of fiscal decentralization diminishes as the democracy level gets higher, particularly for participatory democracy irrespective of whether government size is measured by spending‐to‐GDP or employment.
Does Training in LI‐RADS Version 2018 Improve Readers' Agreement with the Expert Consensus and Inter‐reader Agreement in MRI Interpretation?
Authors: Zhang Nan , Xu Hui , Ren A‐Hong , Zhang Qian , Yang Da‐Wei , Ba Te , Wang Zhen‐Chang , Yang Zheng‐Han 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundThe Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI‐RADS) was established for noninvasive diagnosis for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, whether training can improve readers' agreement with the expert consensus and inter‐reader agreement for final categories is still unclear.PurposeTo explore training effectiveness on readers' agreement with the expert consensus and inter‐reader agreement.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsSeventy lesions in 61 patients at risk of HCC undergoing liver MRI; 20 visiting scholars.Field Strength/Sequence1.5 T or 3 T, Dual‐echo T1WI, Fast spin‐echo T2WI, SE‐EPI DWI, and Dynamic multiphase fast gradient‐echo T1WI.AssessmentSeventy lesions assigned LI‐RADS categories of LR1–LR5, LR‐M, and LR‐TIV by three radiologists in consensus were randomly selected, with 10 cases for each category. The consensus opinion was the standard reference. The third radiologist delivered the training. Twenty readers reviewed images independently and assigned each an LI‐RADS category both before and after the training.Statistical TestsAccuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, simple and weighted kappa statistics, and Fleiss kappa statistics.ResultsBefore and after training: readers' AUC (areas under ROC) for LR‐1–LR‐5, LR‐M, and LR‐TIV were 0.898 vs. 0.913, 0.711 vs. 0.876, 0.747 vs. 0.860, 0.724 vs. 0.815, 0.844 vs. 0.895, 0.688 vs. 0.873, and 0.720 vs. 0.948, respectively, and all improved significantly (P < 0.05), except LR‐1(P = 0.25). Inter‐reader agreement between readers for LR‐1–LR‐5, LR‐M, LR‐TIV were 0.725 vs. 0.751, 0.325 vs. 0.607, 0.330 vs. 0.559, 0.284 vs. 0.488, 0.447 vs. 0.648, 0.229 vs. 0.589, and 0.362 vs. 0.852, respectively, and all increased significantly (P < 0.05). For training effectiveness on both AUC and inter‐reader agreement, LR‐TIV, LR‐M, and LR‐2 improved most, and LR‐1 made the least.Data ConclusionThis study shows LI‐RADS training could improve reader agreement with the expert consensus and inter‐reader agreement for final categories.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2
Cytokine storm in severe COVID‐19 pneumonia
Authors: Gürsoy Bengül , Sürmeli Cemile D. , Alkan Mustafa , Satıcı Celal , Altunok Elif Sargın , Kamat Sadettin , Demirok Berna , Demirkol Mustafa A. , Börü Akaberk 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this study, laboratorial parameters of hospitalized novel coronavirus (COVID‐19) patients, who were complicated with severe pneumonia, were compared with the findings of cytokine storm developing in macrophage activation syndrome (MAS)/secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). Severe pneumonia occurred as a result of cytokine storm in some patients who needed intensive care unit (ICU), and it is aimed to determine the precursive parameters in this situation. Also in this study, the aim is to identify laboratory criteria that predict worsening disease and ICU intensification, as well as the development of cytokine storm. This article comprises a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to a single institution with COVID‐19 pneumonia. This study includes 150 confirmed COVID‐19 patients with severe pneumonia. When they were considered as severe pneumonia patients, the clinic and laboratory parameters of this group are compared with H‐score criteria. Patients are divided into two subgroups; patients with worsened symptoms who were transferred into tertiary ICU, and patients with stable symptoms followed in the clinic. For the patients with confirmed COVID‐19 infection, after they become complicated with severe pneumonia, lymphocytopenia (55.3%), anemia (12.0%), thrombocytopenia (19.3%), hyperferritinemia (72.5%), hyperfibrinogenemia (63.7%) and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (90.8%), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) (31.3%), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) (20.7%) are detected. There were no significant changes in other parameters. Blood parameters between the pre‐ICU period and the ICU period (in which their situation had been worsened and acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS] was developed) were also compared. In the latter group lymphocyte levels were found significantly reduced (p = 0.01), and LDH, highly sensitive troponin (hs‐troponin), procalcitonin, and triglyceride levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In addition, there was no change in hemoglobin, leukocyte, platelet, ferritin, and liver function test levels, including patients who developed ARDS, similar to the cytokine storm developed in MAS/sHLH. COVID‐19 pneumonia has similar findings as hyperinflammatory syndromes but does not seem to have typical features as in cytokine storm developed in MAS/sHLH. In the severe patient group who has started to develop ARDS signs, a decrease in lymphocyte level in addition to the elevated LDH, hs‐troponin, procalcitonin, and triglyceride levels can be a predictor in progression to ICU admission and could help in the planning of anti‐cytokine therapy.
RT‐PCR/MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry‐based detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in saliva specimens
Authors: Hernandez Matthew M. , Banu Radhika , Shrestha Paras , Patel Armi , Chen Feng , Cao Liyong , Fabre Shelcie , Tan Jessica , Lopez Heidi , Chiu Numthip , Shifrin Biana , Zapolskaya Inessa , Flores Vanessa , Lee Pui Yiu , Castañeda Sergio , Ramírez Juan David , Jhang Jeffrey , Osorio Giuliana , Gitman Melissa R. , Nowak Michael D. , Reich David L. , Cordon‐Cardo Carlos , Sordillo Emilia Mia , Paniz‐Mondolfi Alberto E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infections continue, there is a substantial need for cost‐effective and large‐scale testing that utilizes specimens that can be readily collected from both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in various community settings. Although multiple diagnostic methods utilize nasopharyngeal specimens, saliva specimens represent an attractive alternative as they can rapidly and safely be collected from different populations. While saliva has been described as an acceptable clinical matrix for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2, evaluations of analytic performance across platforms for this specimen type are limited. Here, we used a novel sensitive RT‐PCR/MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry‐based assay (Agena MassARRAY®) to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 in saliva specimens. The platform demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity when compared to matched patient upper respiratory specimens. We also evaluated the analytical sensitivity of the platform and determined the limit of detection of the assay to be 1562.5 copies/ml. Furthermore, across the five individual target components of this assay, there was a range in analytic sensitivities for each target with the N2 target being the most sensitive. Overall, this system also demonstrated comparable performance when compared to the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA in saliva by the cobas® 6800/8800 SARS‐CoV‐2 real‐time RT‐PCR Test (Roche). Together, we demonstrate that saliva represents an appropriate matrix for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection on the novel Agena system as well as on a conventional real‐time RT‐PCR assay. We conclude that the MassARRAY® system is a sensitive and reliable platform for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection in saliva, offering scalable throughput in a large variety of clinical laboratory settings.
The observed influence of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation in the lower equatorial stratosphere on the East Asian winter monsoon during early boreal winter
Authors: Ma Tianjiao , Chen Wen , Huangfu Jingliang , Song Lei , Cai Qingyu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) and the variability of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) winter. Here, we consider the effects of QBO winds in the lower stratosphere at 70 hPa. It is found that during the period of 1958–2019, the EAWM in the early winter months (November–December) is weaker in the easterly phase of the QBO (EQBO) than in the westerly phase of the QBO (WQBO). During EQBO, the northerly monsoon flow is weakened, and anomalous warm temperatures occur over East Asia. Moreover, components of the EAWM circulation system, including the Siberian High, Aleutian Low, East Asian trough, and East Asian jet stream, are all weakened. Our further analysis suggests that the QBO may influence the EAWM directly via a subtropical pathway. The EQBO tends to weaken the East Asian jet stream and shift it poleward, and the changes in the East Asian jet stream lead to a weakened EAWM. The activities of planetary waves are also changed in association with the QBO. Examinations of individual zonal wavenumbers (WNs) of planetary waves in the SLP field reveal that WN 1 is strengthened while WNs 2 and 3 are weakened during EQBO. Specifically, the anomalous WN 2 leads to weakening of the Siberian High, Aleutian Low, and East Asian trough, and the anomalous WN 3 reduces the pressure gradient between the East Asia landmass and the western Pacific. The changes in WNs 2 and 3 associated with the QBO play a dominant role in anomalous EAWM.
Effects of indoor, greenhouse, and field cultivation on bioactive compounds from parsley and basil
Authors: Proz Mariel de los Ángeles , da Silva Magnólia Aparecida Silva , Rodrigues Eliseu , Bender Renar João , Rios Alessandro de Oliveira 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAromatic herbs are an important source of bioactive compounds. Different cultivation systems should give each plant a specific amount of those compounds, which should be of a particular quality. In this study, the effects of three cultivation systems (indoor, greenhouse, and organic field) on the composition of bioactive compounds in parsley (Petroselinum crispum cv. ‘Flat Leaf’), green basil (Ocimum basilicum var. minimum cv. ‘Greek’), and purple basil (Ocimum basilicum cv. ‘Red Rubin’) were evaluated.RESULTSβ‐Carotene and lutein were the carotenoids with the highest concentration in the three plants in all the cultivation systems. Overall, parsley proved to be a source of flavonoids. The major phenolic compound found in basil plants was rosmarinic acid, whereas most anthocyanins were derived from cyanidin aglycone. Among the three plants studied, the highest vitamin C content was found in parsley from the field. This was 2.6 and 5.4 times higher than the indoor and greenhouse cultivation, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that different cultivation systems influence and modulate the concentration of bioactive compounds in plants differently, varying according to their class, and that, above all, an indoor system is an effective cultivation system for the production of bioactive compounds. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Assessment of Magnet status and Textbook Outcomes among medicare beneficiaries undergoing hepato‐pancreatic surgery for cancer
Authors: Mehta Rittal , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between hospital Magnet status recognition and postoperative outcomes following complex cancer surgery remains ill‐defined. We sought to characterize Textbook Outcome (TO) rates among patients undergoing (HP) surgery for cancer in Magnet versus non‐Magnet centers.MethodsMedicare beneficiaries undergoing HP surgery between 2015 and 2017 were identified. The association of postoperative TO (no complications/extended length‐of‐stay/90‐day mortality/90‐day readmission) with Magnet designation was examined after adjusting for competing risk factors.ResultsAmong 10,997 patients, 21.3% (n = 2337) patients underwent surgery at Magnet hospitals (non‐Magnet centers: 78.7%, n = 8660). On multivariable analysis, patients undergoing HP surgery had comparable odds of achieving a TO at Magnet versus non‐Magnet hospitals (hepatectomy: odds ratio [OR]: 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94–1.17; pancreatectomy—OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.74–1.06). Patients treated at hospitals with a high nurse‐to‐bed ratio had higher odds of achieving a TO irrespective of whether they received surgery at Magnet (high vs. low nurse‐to‐bed ratio; OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.01–1.89) or non‐Magnet centers (OR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.10–1.45). Similarly, hospital HP volume was strongly associated with higher odds of TO following HP surgery in both Magnet (Leapfrog compliant vs. noncompliant; OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06–1.44) and non‐Magnet centers (OR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.11–1.26).ConclusionHospital Magnet designation was not an independent factor of superior outcomes after HP surgery. Rather, hospital‐level factors such as nurse‐to‐bed ratio and HP procedural volume drove outcomes.
Metabolomics study on the periplocin‐induced cardiotoxicity and the compatibility of periplocin and Panax notoginseng saponins in reducing cardiotoxicity in rats by GC‐MS
Authors: Wang Wei , Fan Yuqi , Huang Xuhua , Li Li , Wang Songrui , Xue Zixiang , Ouyang Huizi , He Jun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPeriplocin, as one of the components of cardiac glycosides in Cortex periplocae, exhibited cardiotonic effects. Orally ingesting periplocin in high doses or over prolonged periods would cause serious adverse reactions, especially cardiotoxicity, which limits the applications of periplocin in clinical therapy. It has been reported that Panax notoginseng saponins could be used in compatibility with periplocin to reduce the cardiotoxicity of periplocin. To clarify the mechanisms of periplocin‐induced cardiotoxicity and compatibility‐pairing in reducing cardiotoxicity, the gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry method was used to detect and analyze the metabolic profiles of rat plasma and urine samples after oral administration of periplocin, Panax notoginseng saponins, and the different compatibility ratios of periplocin and Panax notoginseng saponins. The multivariate statistical analysis method was used to screen and identify the biomarkers. A total of 49 potential biomarkers (28 in plasma and 21 in urine) associated with periplocin‐induced cardiotoxicity were identified. Seven pathways were found through metabolomic pathway analysis. Moreover, the levels of 42 biomarkers (22 in plasma and 20 in urine) were close to normal after compatibility pairing. By analyzing the relative metabolic pathways, Panax notoginseng saponins could effectively reduce the cardiotoxicity of periplocin by affecting the tricarboxylic acid cycle, energy metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism.
Systematic characterization of chemical constituents in Mahuang decoction by UHPLC tandem linear ion trap‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry coupled with feature‐based molecular networking
Authors: Chen Ling , Yao Changliang , Li Jiayuan , Wang Jing , Yao Shuai , Shen Shijie , Yang Lin , Zhang Jianqing , Wei Wenlong , Bi Qirui , Guo De‐an 
Published: May 2021

AbstractComprehensive characterization of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions has long been a hurdle due to the chemical complexity and the lack of analytical tools. Mahuang decoction is a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine prescription widely used for sweating and relieving the exterior, relieving cough and asthma, but it was insufficiently chemically scrutinized. In this study, the chemical component information of Mahuang decoction was investigated by ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography tandem linear ion trap‐Orbitrap mass spectrometry. A new data processing tool, feature‐based molecular networking, was introduced for grouping and elucidating the compounds. In this way, 156 chemical components were identified or tentatively characterized, including alkaloids, triterpenoid saponins, flavanone‐O‐glycosides, flavone‐C‐glycosides, and procyanidins. Thus, this research provides a solid foundation for further development of Mahuang decoction, and the adopted method is expected to be applied to other traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions.
Examining the Interaction Between Potentially Morally Injurious Events and Religiosity in Relation to Alcohol Misuse Among Military Veterans
Authors: Thomas Emmanuel D. , Weiss Nicole H. , Forkus Shannon R. , Contractor Ateka A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGiven the disproportionate rate of alcohol misuse among veterans and related outcomes as compared to the general population, the examination of predictors of alcohol misuse in this population is imperative. Potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs), defined as severe transgressions of a moral code, have been positively associated with alcohol misuse. Exposure to PMIEs may challenge one's religious beliefs, which may, in turn, influence the strength of the association between PMIEs and alcohol misuse among military veterans. The goal of the current study was to examine the potential moderating role of religiosity in the association between PMIEs and alcohol misuse (i.e., alcohol consumption, drinking behaviors, adverse reactions to drinking, and alcohol‐related problems). Participants were 496 military veterans in the community (Mage = 37.80 years, SD = 11.42; 70.5% male). The results of moderation analyses indicated that overall religiosity, organizational religiosity, and intrinsic religiosity significantly moderated the association between PMIEs and alcohol misuse such that the positive relation between PMIEs and alcohol misuse was stronger at high versus low levels of religiosity, R2s = .01. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the role of religiosity in relation to alcohol misuse as a moral injury outcome and the potential utility of tailoring treatments for military veterans who have experienced moral injury.