bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Impacts on Families of Color and Families of Children With Asthma
Authors: Clawson Ashley H , Nwankwo Cara N , Blair Alexandra L , Pepper-Davis Morgan , Ruppe Nicole M , Cole Ashley B 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
This cross-sectional study quantified differences in (a) social determinants of health (SDOH) and perceived changes in SDOH during the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and (b) COVID-19 psychosocial impacts across four groups: (a) non-Hispanic White (NHW) parents of children with asthma, (b) Black, Indigenous, or other People of Color (BIPOC) parents of healthy children, (c) BIPOC parents of children with asthma, and (d) NHW parents of healthy children (referent). The NIMHD Framework was used to identify SDOHs that may change for families during COVID-19.

Methods
Parents were recruited via Prolific (N = 321) and completed questions about COVID-19 family impacts on employment, income, access to food and healthcare, and psychosocial functioning, including discrimination. It was hypothesized that NHW families of children with asthma and BIPOC families would endorse greater negative outcomes relative to NHW parents of healthy children.

Results
BIPOC families experienced greater food insecurity and discrimination relative to NHW parents of healthy children. When compared with the NHW healthy group, COVID-19 resulted in greater parent-reported resource losses for both BIPOC groups and greater reductions in healthcare access for both asthma groups. Children with asthma and BIPOC children had greater distress surrounding COVID-19. BIPOC and NHW parents of children with asthma reported greater worries about resource losses due to COVID-19.

Conclusions
The pandemic is widening inequities for BIPOC families, especially for families of children with asthma. These results highlight the need for interventions that address the needs of underserved communities, providing the infrastructure, policies, and supports needed to reduce health inequities during and after COVID-19.
MiniCAFE, a CRISPR/Cas9-based compact and potent transcriptional activator, elicits gene expression in vivo
Authors: Zhang Xin , Lv Sihan , Luo Zhenhuan , Hu Yongfei , Peng Xin , Lv Jie , Zhao Shanshan , Feng Jianqi , Huang Guanjie , Wan Qin-Li , Liu Jun , Huang Hongxin , Luan Bing , Wang Dong , Zhao Xiaoyang , Lin Ying , Zhou Qinghua , Zhang Zhen-Ning , Rong Zhili 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
CRISPR-mediated gene activation (CRISPRa) is a promising therapeutic gene editing strategy without inducing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, in vivo implementation of these CRISPRa systems remains a challenge. Here, we report a compact and robust miniCas9 activator (termed miniCAFE) for in vivo activation of endogenous target genes. The system relies on recruitment of an engineered minimal nuclease-null Cas9 from Campylobacter jejuni and potent transcriptional activators to a target locus by a single guide RNA. It enables robust gene activation in human cells even with a single DNA copy and is able to promote lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans through activation of longevity-regulating genes. As proof-of-concept, delivered within an all-in-one adeno-associated virus (AAV), miniCAFE can activate Fgf21 expression in the liver and regulate energy metabolism in adult mice. Thus, miniCAFE holds great therapeutic potential against human diseases.
Four Characteristics of Policing as a Practice
Authors: McGregor Rafe 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this article is three-fold: (1) to provide an analysis of autoethnography as a method in policing research; (2) to distinguish between policing as a practice and policing as an institution; and (3) to outline the characteristics of policing as a practice. I deploy an autoethnographic method to identify the characteristics of the practice of city policing in democracies. These characteristics—heroic struggle, edgework, absolute sacrifice, and worldmaking—draw attention to a crucial mismatch between policing as a practice and policing as an institution. I conclude by suggesting ways in which the characteristics of the practice can provide a firm foundation for further research into the contemporary problems of policing as an institution.
Efficacy and safety of a selective URAT1 inhibitor SHR4640 in Chinese subjects with hyperuricaemia: a randomized controlled phase II study
Authors: Lin Yanwei , Chen Xiaoxiang , Ding Huihua , Ye Ping , Gu Jieruo , Wang Xiaoxia , Jiang Zhenyu , Li Detian , Wang Zhongming , Long Wubin , Li Zhijun , Jiang Gengru , Li Xiaomei , Bi Liqi , Jiang Lindi , Wu Jian , Guo Lian , Cai Xiaoyan , Lu Xin , Chen Qinkai , Chen Hong , Peng Ai , Zuo Xiaoxia , Ning Rui , Zhang Zhe , Tai Yanfei , Zhang Tao , Bao Chunde 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SHR4640, a highly selective urate transporter 1 inhibitor, in Chinese subjects with hyperuricaemia.

Methods
This was a randomized double-blind dose-ranging phase II study. Subjects whose serum uric acid (sUA) levels were ≥480 µmol/l with gout, ≥480 µmol/l without gout but with comorbidities, or ≥540 µmol/l were enrolled. Subjects were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1:1) to receive once daily 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg of SHR4640, 50 mg of benzbromarone or placebo, respectively. The primary end point was the proportion of subjects who achieved target sUA level of ≤360 µmol/l at week 5.

Results
99.5% of subjects (n = 197) were male and 95.9% of subjects had gout history. The proportions of subjects who achieved target sUA at week 5 were 32.5%, 72.5% and 61.5% in the 5 mg, 10 mg SHR4640 and benzbromarone groups, respectively, significantly higher than the placebo group (0%; P &lt; 0.05 for 5 mg and 10 mg SHR4640 group). The sUA was reduced by 32.7%, 46.8% and 41.8% at week 5 with 5 mg, 10 mg SHR4640 and benzbromarone, respectively, vs placebo (5.9%; P &lt; 0.001 for each comparison). The incidences of gout flares requiring intervention were similar among all groups. Occurrences of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were comparable across all groups, and serious TEAEs were not reported.

Conclusions
The present study indicated a superior sUA-lowering effect and well tolerated safety profile after 5-week treatment with once-daily 5 mg/10 mg of SHR4640 as compared with placebo in Chinese subjects with hyperuricaemia.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03185793
Evaluation of a Novel Ostomy Barrier Ring with Assisted Flow for Individuals with an Ileostomy
Authors: Quigley Mary , Hannigan Ailish , Dowling Catherine , Stuart AnneMarie , McGovern Siobhan , Untoy Larry , Joyce Myles , Larkin John , Kavanagh Dara 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To determine the performance and user experience of a novel ostomy barrier ring over a 4-week period.

METHODS
This single-arm investigation conducted across three clinical sites included 25 adult participants with an ileostomy for 3 months or longer. The participants used their standard ostomy pouching appliance along with a novel barrier ring for a period of 4 weeks. Skin condition was assessed using the Ostomy Skin Tool. Change in skin condition over the study period was recorded for each participant. The participants’ experience in using the novel barrier ring was measured using a five-point Likert-type scale.

RESULTS
Twenty of the 25 participants (80%) completed the trial. Of those participants, the median Ostomy Skin Tool score at both the beginning (range, 0–8) and end was 0 (range, 0–6). In terms of skin condition, 7 participants experienced an improvement in skin condition, 11 experienced no change, and 2 got worse. A median score of 5 out of 5 was recorded for all questions relating to user experience.

CONCLUSIONS
Although not statistically significant, there was a clear trend toward improvements in peristomal skin condition using the novel barrier ring, even for participants who were already using a barrier ring. User feedback was positive with respect to comfort, device handling, and the perception of the device’s ability to protect the skin. Further, most participants who already used a barrier ring indicated that the novel barrier ring would result in a longer wear time.
Nursing Students’ Attitudes Toward Older Adults After Their First Intentional Encounter: A Cross-Sectional, Correlational Study
Authors: Hovey Susan , Shropshire Michele 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

AIM
This study examined how intentional first encounters as a nursing student, as well as prior relationships with older adults, influenced baccalaureate prelicensure nursing students’ attitudes toward this population.

BACKGROUND
There is a growing demand for knowledgeable and skilled nurses to provide person-centered care to an aging population. An ongoing challenge is lack of interest in practicing within gerontological settings following graduation.

METHOD
A cross-sectional, correlational, comparison research design was used. Ninety-nine nursing students in five groups were recruited from six baccalaureate prelicensure nursing schools.

RESULTS
A one-way analysis of variance revealed a significant difference among groups, F(4, 94) = 4.873, p = .001. Students completing clinical in half-semester acute care and long-term care (M = 64.03, SD = 16.9) had better attitudes than students in other clinical experiences.

CONCLUSION
Addressing the development of positive attitudes in nursing students remains imperative to promote person-centered care to the aging population.
Nutrition-Associated Processes Govern Fungal Pathogenicity
Authors: Gao Xindi , Fu Yi , Ding Chen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Fungal pathogens present a major common threat across human communities: they cause disease and death in humans, animals, and global food crops. The development of anti-fungal therapies is hampered primarily by the lack of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of fungal pathogenicity at the host-pathogen axis. Many studies have shown that nutrition-associated processes such as autophagy and metal homeostasis play essential roles in fungal virulence during systemic infection. During infection, the host immune system often employs nutrition restriction mechanisms to limit microbial proliferation and facilitate the killing and elimination of invading pathogens. Therefore, fast sensing and adaptation to the levels of environmental nutrients are critical if the fungal pathogen is to survive, replicate, and colonize in the host. Fungal cells have evolved numerous precise mechanisms to respond to various levels of nutrient availability. Studies show that fungal cells manipulate the expression of genes involved in nutrient acquisition, autophagosome formation, toxic nutrient detoxification, or cell morphological transition to counter the anti-fungal strategies of the host. This review of the most recent studies of nutrition-related pathways focuses primarily on autophagy, metal homeostasis, and the nutrition-driven morphological switches found in two major human fungal pathogens, Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. It is a systematic comparison of the functional divergence of nutrition-related genes in the fungal pathogenicity of these evolutionarily distinct but related fungal species.
How common is primary aldosteronism?
Authors: Hundemer Gregory L. , Kline Gregory A. , Leung Alexander A. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review
Primary aldosteronism, characterized by renin-independent aldosterone secretion from one or both adrenal glands, is the most common and modifiable form of secondary hypertension. The prevalence of primary aldosteronism is increasingly recognized to be much higher than previously thought with many cases still undetected.

Recent findings
Prior prevalence studies on primary aldosteronism have reported a wide range of estimates due to heterogeneity of both disease definitions and study populations such that it is difficult to claim a single point estimate. More recent evidence demonstrates that primary aldosteronism, as defined by conventional biochemical diagnostic criteria, is highly prevalent within populations where it is not typically considered such as mild-to-moderate hypertension, prehypertension, and even normotension. Yet, our current screening approach fails to capture many cases. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence that renin-independent aldosteronism exists as a continuum of disease that extends below the current biochemical diagnostic thresholds used to define primary aldosteronsim and has clinically relevant treatment and outcome implications for a much broader patient population. Indeed, much of what we current label as ‘essential hypertension’ is, in fact, renin-independent aldosterone-mediated hypertension.

Summary
Primary aldosteronism and milder forms of renin-independent aldosteronism are highly prevalent, yet vastly under-recognized, in the general population.
IKZF1 Rs4132601 Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Children: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Xue , Liu Mengyi , Wang Qin 
Published: March 2021

Background:
Many studies have shown that IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1) rs4132601 polymorphism is strongly linked to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children, but their conclusions have been inconsistent.

Objective:
This meta-analysis is set out to investigate the association between IKZF1 rs4132601 polymorphism and its susceptibility to childhood ALL.

Data and Methods:
On the basis of inclusion criteria, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, China Wanfang, VIP, and other databases were searched from the time of the establishment of the library database to December 2019 for all case-control studies. Stata 15.0 was applied for meta-analysis to calculate the combined odds ratio (OR) value and 95% confidence interval (CI) of each genotype at IKZF1 rs4132601. Subgroup analysis done by ethnicity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias assessment was further performed.

Results:
Nine pieces of literature was included in this meta-analysis, including 2281 children with ALL and 2923 controls. There were significant differences in the allelic model (T vs. G: combined OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.68-0.82, P<0.05) in both Asian and Caucasian children. In addition to this, there were statistically significant differences in the dominant, homozygous and heterozygous genetic model in both Asian and Caucasian children. The difference was significant in the recessive genetic model (TT vs. TG+GG: combined OR=0.75, 95% CI: 0.67-0.84) in Caucasian children, but not in Asian children (combined OR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.70-1.04, P>0.05).

Conclusion:
There is a strong correlation between IKZF1 rs4132601 polymorphism and ALL in children. Compared with the G allele, T alleles can lower the risk of childhood ALL, and TT, TT+TG and TG genotypes can also reduce the risk of ALL in children.
Comparing Results of Syndactyly Operated Children Younger and Older Than 1 Year
Authors: Kurebayashi Leonardo , Nakamoto Hugo Alberto , Nogueira Lucas Franco , Faccioni Ana Lúcia Campos , Goldenberg Dov Charles , Gemperli Rolf 
Published: March 2021

Introduction
Syndactyly has a cosmetic, functional, and psychosocial impact, and surgical treatment is indicated in most cases. This study aimed to retrospectively identify whether patients undergoing surgical release of syndactyly younger than 1 year presented different results compared with those operated older than 1 year.

Methods
Patients were assessed through photographic records by 3 independent specialist surgeons for the quality of scar, presence of web creep, rotational, flexion-extension, and lateral flexion deformities using the Withey score.

Results
Thirty-four patients were included in the study, totaling 51 commissures operated. The score was higher in the group operated younger than 1 year (5.83 ± 2.39) compared with the group older than 1 year (3.94 ± 1.93), being statistically significant, with a P value of 0.011.

Conclusions
Children with syndactyly operated younger than 1 year have worse postoperative outcomes measured by the Withey score than those operated older than 1 year.
Comparison of Different Techniques in Latissimus Dorsi Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Palve Johanna , Luukkaala Tiina , Kääriäinen Minna 
Published: March 2021

Background
The latissimus dorsi (LD) flap is still a popular choice for breast reconstruction. Plain LD provides a good option for women with small breasts, but with bigger breasts, the problem is insufficient volume. Traditionally, implants have been inserted to improve the volume, but because of problems associated with them, the use of fat grafting has gained popularity. Increased numbers of reports considering also immediate lipofilling have been published. This study aimed to evaluate and compare different techniques in LD reconstruction in association with complications, number of further operations, and duration of reconstructive process.

Methods
A retrospective review of patients who had undergone LD reconstruction between 2008 and 2019 was performed. Demographic and operative features, complications, and the duration of reconstruction process were analyzed.

Results
A total of 291 LD flaps were performed in 283 women, including 161 (55%) implant enhanced, 73 (25%) immediate lipofilled, and 57 (20%) plain flaps. Of these, 84% were delayed reconstructions. The median volume of immediately injected fat was 155 mL (range, 50–296 mL) and inserted implant 185 mL (range, 80–420 mL). Of plain LDs, 75% did not need further operations compared with 63% of implant and 49% of lipofilling groups (P < 0.001). The median duration of reconstructive process was 10 months (range, 4–86 months) in plain, 13 months (range, 5–58 months) in implant, and 18 months (range, 5–80 months) in lipofilling group (P < 0.002). No significant differences were observed in overall complication rates between groups (P = 0.228). Most of the complications were minor, seroma being the most common. Of major complications, plain flaps were most commonly associated with donor site problems, lipofilling group with partial flap necrosis, and implant enhanced with deep infections in the breast. Shoulder problem was observed in 21 patients (7%) with no significant difference between groups (P = 0.395).

Conclusions
Latissimus dorsi flap is a versatile and safe breast reconstruction method, because it is associated most commonly only with minor complications. Careful patient selection is important when choosing between different techniques. This can have an impact on the number of further operations needed and the duration of reconstruction process. Immediate lipofilling is a safe technique to avoid the use of implant and allow fully autologous reconstruction.
Boycotting and buycotting food: new forms of political activism in Spain
Authors: Novo Vázquez Amparo , García-Espejo Isabel 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe actions of the political consumer of food may be manifested either through boycotting or through deliberate purchase of certain products based on ethical, environmental or political values (buycotting). This article has several objectives: to analyse which factors predict the behaviour of political consumers of food; to examine how they perceive that their actions can contribute to social or political change and that the political system will respond to their interests and to people's needs and to discover whether, for the political consumer of food, good citizen behaviour comes closer to the norms of the socially “engaged” or “dutiful”.Design/methodology/approachA national survey of 1,000 people was conducted in Spain. For the analysis of the data, logistic regression models were developed to determine the factors that most influenced the boycott or deliberate purchase. To address the relationship between food consumption in the political arena and political effectiveness and citizenship standards, the authors have conducted factor analyses of the main components.FindingsThe main results show political food consumers to be people who are interested in politics, distrust government and big business, are confident in their ability to influence these groups to change practices that are not in line with their values and have a high degree of social engagement.Social implicationsConsumers are demanding a fairer and more supportive agri-food production system, a healthier and more environmentally friendly diet and accountability from both the private sector and policymakers.Originality/valueThese data represent progress in the study of this form of political action in Spain as there are no precedents.
A stock price prediction method based on deep learning technology
Authors: Ji Xuan , Wang Jiachen , Yan Zhijun 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Stock price prediction is a hot topic and traditional prediction methods are usually based on statistical and econometric models. However, these models are difficult to deal with nonstationary time series data. With the rapid development of the internet and the increasing popularity of social media, online news and comments often reflect investors’ emotions and attitudes toward stocks, which contains a lot of important information for predicting stock price. This paper aims to develop a stock price prediction method by taking full advantage of social media data.

Design/methodology/approach
This study proposes a new prediction method based on deep learning technology, which integrates traditional stock financial index variables and social media text features as inputs of the prediction model. This study uses Doc2Vec to build long text feature vectors from social media and then reduce the dimensions of the text feature vectors by stacked auto-encoder to balance the dimensions between text feature variables and stock financial index variables. Meanwhile, based on wavelet transform, the time series data of stock price is decomposed to eliminate the random noise caused by stock market fluctuation. Finally, this study uses long short-term memory model to predict the stock price.

Findings
The experiment results show that the method performs better than all three benchmark models in all kinds of evaluation indicators and can effectively predict stock price.

Originality/value
In this paper, this study proposes a new stock price prediction model that incorporates traditional financial features and social media text features which are derived from social media based on deep learning technology.
Cultural determinants affecting pedagogical decisions in content design: a case study
Authors: Pazinas Michael 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
Commercially produced educational materials often reflect the pedagogical beliefs and culture(s) of the content developers. While many teachers involved in teaching English as a foreign language have relied on commercially published content in the past, the advent of ubiquitous technology has afforded them the ability to create content that is contextualised and to share it with other educators across the globe. The purpose of this study is to investigate cultural determinants which affect the pedagogical decisions of teachers when designing content.

Design/methodology/approach
This case study, conducted at a higher educational institution in the Gulf, addresses the issues that arise when cultures or ideologies of educators as material developers are different to that of the target audience. Three semi-structured interviews with teachers were conducted in an effort to understand cultural determinants that influence decision-making about pedagogy when creating in-house content to motivate undergraduate students on an English language program in the United Arab Emirates.

Findings
The results of this study indicated that the participants maintained mainly essentialist perspectives of local cultures and sub-cultures and their thinking in content creation was not all that different to that of commercial publishers.

Practical implications
This study holds implications for awareness-raising and pedagogical training for educators involved in in-house content development.

Originality/value
This case study addresses an area that has been under-researched in the Gulf region.