bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ehrenamtliche Arbeit in politischer Mission oder Engagement für „gestrauchelte Menschen“?
Authors: Düring Diana , Bütow Birgit , Arp Agnès 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Zentrum des Beitrages steht die Auseinandersetzung mit ehrenamtlicher Arbeit in der DDR-Jugendhilfe. Ein Großteil der Jugendhilfe ist in der DDR von Ehrenamtlichen geleistet worden. Auch waren diese in Entscheidungen bzw. die Vorbereitung von Entscheidungen der Jugendhilfe involviert. Dennoch steht die systematische Auseinandersetzung hiermit noch aus, da die bisherige Aufarbeitung vor allem die DDR-Heimerziehung fokussiert. Konkret geht es im Beitrag um das Wirken von sog. Jugendhelfer*innen, die sich – neben ihrer Berufstätigkeit – in Jugendhilfekommissionen ehrenamtlich für die Jugendhilfe vor Ort auf kommunaler Ebene und vor allem im Vorfeld bzw. zur Verhinderung von Heimerziehung engagierten. Der Artikel präsentiert u. a. Ergebnisse einer Vorstudie der Autorinnen, die sich mit den Motivationen von Jugendhelfer*innen sowie den gesetzlichen und ideologischen Rahmungen ihrer Arbeit auseinandergesetzt haben. Empirische Basis sind narrative Interviews mit ehemaligen Jugendhelfer*innen. Anhand eines „Eckfalls“ werden exemplarisch die handlungsleitenden Normative und Machtpotenziale im Zusammenspiel mit biographischen Themen herausgearbeitet, die die Tätigkeit von Jugendhelfer*innen (mit) strukturierten.
Prekäre Wohnverhältnisse, Verdrängungsdruck und die Entstehung politischer Kollektivität in Frankfurt Westhausen
Authors: Künstler Falk , Schipper Sebastian 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungAuf Basis ethnographischer Feldforschung untersucht der Beitrag den Zusammenhang zwischen prekären Wohnverhältnissen und der Entstehung politischer Kollektivität unter Mieter*innen. Theoretisch-konzeptionell knüpft er dabei an Debatten der kritischen Stadtforschung zu Verdrängungsprozessen, Forschungsarbeiten zu Prekarisierung sowie poststrukturalistisch inspirierte Perspektiven der sozialen Bewegungsforschung an. Empirisch ist der Blick gerichtet auf die Lebensrealitäten von Bewohner*innen einer Frankfurter Vonovia-Wohnsiedlung. Gefragt wird danach, wie Mieter*innen ihre Wohnsituation in Anbetracht drohender Mieterhöhungen infolge von Modernisierungsarbeiten wahrnehmen, welche Bedeutung sie der Wohnungsfrage zuschreiben und welche sozialräumlichen Bedingungen, Handlungspraktiken und diskursiven Deutungsmuster die Entwicklung einer kollektiven politischen Handlungsfähigkeit erschweren.
Western Skeptic vs Indian Realist. Cross-Cultural Differences in Zebra Case Intuitions
Authors: Sękowski Krzysztof , Ziółkowski Adrian , Tarnowski Maciej 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe cross-cultural differences in epistemic intuitions reported by Weinberg, Nichols and Stich (2001; hereafter: WNS) laid the ground for the negative program of experimental philosophy. However, most of WNS’s findings were not corroborated in further studies. The exception here is the study concerning purported differences between Westerners and Indians in knowledge ascriptions concerning the Zebra Case, which was never properly replicated. Our study replicates the above-mentioned experiment on a considerably larger sample of Westerners (n = 211) and Indians (n = 204). The analysis found a significant difference between the ethnic groups in question in the predicted direction: Indians were more likely to attribute knowledge in the Zebra Case than Westerners. In this paper, we offer an explanation of our result that takes into account the fact that replications of WNS’s other experiments did not find any cross-cultural differences. We argue that the Zebra Case is unique among the vignettes tested by WNS since it should not be regarded as a Gettier case but rather as a scenario exhibiting skeptical pressure concerning the reliability of sense-perception. We argue that skepticism towards perception as a means of gaining knowledge is a trope that is deeply rooted in Western epistemology but is very much absent from Classical Indian philosophical inquiry. This line of reasoning is based on a thorough examination of the skeptical scenarios discussed by philosophers of the IndianNyayatradition and their adversaries.
Dynamic production characteristics and effect analysis of combined gas production well of coalbed methane and tight gas
Authors: Leli Cheng , Shaoze Zhao , Senlin Yin , Gongyang Chen , Ling Chen , Ting Xiong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor gas reservoirs with poor physical properties, the implementation of a single well with multi-layer combined production is an effective means to achieve efficient development. However, because of the differences in the geological conditions of the vast majority of multi-layer gas reservoirs, the dynamic characteristics of the gas wells will be complex under the multi-layer combined mining mode, and the inevitable interlayer interference in the production process will affect the development effect. In this paper, the coal seam and the dense layer are opened for production at the same time. The two kinds of different types of production are not only restricted by the heterogeneity of each layer, but also the special development mode of the coal seam. Through analyzing and summarizing the productivity equation of two kinds of production layers and the characteristics of the change of production pressure, the coupling calculation is carried out by the iterative programming of node analysis method in the wellbore, which can dynamically predict the dynamic gas production. In comparison with the dynamic gas production dynamics of combined production and the overlay production of each production layer, it is found that the amount of accumulated gas production of multiple production layers in the forecast period is only 2.56% lower than that of the single production of the multi-production layer, but the investment cost of the single well multi-layer production is far lower than that of the single production, and the stable production time of the combined production is longer, indicating that the stable production time is longer.
Religion and Americans’ Fear of Crime in the 21st Century
Authors: Schwadel Philip , Anderson Amy L. 
Published: November 2021

Background Fear of crime is not only a reflection of the prevalence of crime and victimization but also varies by individual and social characteristics such as gender and social integration. Religion is another attribute that influences worldviews and structures social interactions, and thus may affect fear of crime. Purpose Given the importance of religion in American life and the micro and macro costs associated with fear of crime, we examine the associations between various aspects of religion (i.e. religious tradition, service attendance, prayer, biblical literalism, born-again identity, and changes in religious affiliation) and Americans’ fear of crime. Methods We use nationally representative survey data collected between 2004 and 2018 and binary logistic regression models with relevant controls. Results Partial models each with a single measure of religion and control variables show that service attendance, prayer, biblical literalism, born-again identity, and transitioning from no religious affiliation to having a religious affiliation are all positively associated with fear of crime while mainline Protestant affiliation is negatively associated with fear of crime. In full models that include all the religion variables, however, born-again identification is the only religion measure with a robust association with fear of crime, though this association appears to decline in magnitude over time. Changes in religious affiliation and prayer have more moderate, positive associations with fear of crime in the full models. Conclusions and Implications Religion appears to influence fear of crime through worldviews and both static and dynamic identities, particularly the born-again Christian identity. With the born-again label becoming more prevalent, and the nation becoming more polarized, fear of crime may remain high, regardless of the level of crime and victimization; and heightened fear of crime can have negative consequences for individuals and communities, such as the potential negative repercussions for born-again Christians’ mental health.
Perspectives and challenges for lead-free energy-storage multilayer ceramic capacitors
Authors: Zhao Peiyao , Cai Ziming , Wu Longwen , Zhu Chaoqiong , Li Longtu , Wang Xiaohui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe growing demand for high-power-density electric and electronic systems has encouraged the development of energy-storage capacitors with attributes such as high energy density, high capacitance density, high voltage and frequency, low weight, high-temperature operability, and environmental friendliness. Compared with their electrolytic and film counterparts, energy-storage multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) stand out for their extremely low equivalent series resistance
and equivalent series inductance, high current handling capability, and high-temperature stability. These characteristics are important for applications including fast-switching third-generation wide-bandgap semiconductors in electric vehicles, 5G base stations, clean energy generation, and smart grids. There have been numerous reports on state-of-the-art MLCC energy-storage solutions. However, lead-free capacitors generally have a low-energy density, and high-energy density
capacitors frequently contain lead, which is a key issue that hinders their broad application. In this review, we present perspectives and challenges for lead-free energy-storage MLCCs. Initially, the energy-storage mechanism and device characterization are introduced; then, dielectric ceramics for energy-storage applications with aspects of composition and structural optimization are summarized. Progress on state-of-the-art energy-storage MLCCs is discussed after elaboration of the fabrication process and structural design of the electrode. Emerging applications of energy-storage MLCCs are then discussed in terms of advanced pulsed power sources and high-density power converters from a theoretical and technological point of view. Finally, the challenges and future prospects for industrialization of lab-scale lead-free energy-storage MLCCs are discussed.
A Sandbox Approach to Regulating High-Risk Artificial Intelligence Applications
Authors: Truby Jon , Brown Rafael Dean , Ibrahim Imad Antoine , Parellada Oriol Caudevilla 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper argues for a sandbox approach to regulating artificial intelligence (AI) to complement a strict liability regime. The authors argue that sandbox regulation is an appropriate complement to a strict liability approach, given the need to maintain a balance between a regulatory approach that aims to protect people and society on the one hand and to foster innovation due to the constant and rapid developments in the AI field on the other. The authors analyse the benefits of sandbox regulation when used as a supplement to a strict liability regime, which by itself creates a chilling effect on AI innovation, especially for small and medium-sized enterprises. The authors propose a regulatory safe space in the AI sector through sandbox regulation, an idea already embraced by European Union regulators and where AI products and services can be tested within safeguards.
Limit theorems for numbers of multiple returns in non-conventional arrays
Authors: KIFER YURI 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFor a
$\psi $
-mixing process

$\xi _0,\xi _1,\xi _2,\ldots $
we consider the number

${\mathcal N}_N$
of multiple returns

$\{\xi _{q_{i,N}(n)}\in {\Gamma }_N,\, i=1,\ldots ,\ell \}$
to a set

${\Gamma }_N$
for n until either a fixed number N or until the moment

$\tau _N$
when another multiple return

$\{\xi _{q_{i,N}(n)}\in {\Delta }_N,\, i=1,\ldots ,\ell \}$
, takes place for the first time where

${\Gamma }_N\cap {\Delta }_N=\emptyset $
and

$q_{i,N}$
,

$i=1,\ldots ,\ell $
are certain functions of n taking on non-negative integer values when n runs from 0 to N. The dependence of

$q_{i,N}(n)$
on both n and N is the main novelty of the paper. Under some restrictions on the functions

$q_{i,N}$
we obtain Poisson distributions limits of

${\mathcal N}_N$
when counting is until N as

$N\to \infty $
and geometric distributions limits when counting is until

$\tau _N$
as

$N\to \infty $
. We obtain also similar results in the dynamical systems setup considering a

$\psi $
-mixing shift T on a sequence space

${\Omega }$
and studying the number of multiple returns

$\{ T^{q_{i,N}(n)}{\omega }\in A^a_n,\, i=1,\ldots ,\ell \}$
until the first occurrence of another multiple return

$\{ T^{q_{i,N}(n)}{\omega }\in A^b_m,\, i=1,\ldots ,\ell \}$
where

$A^a_n,\, A_m^b$
are cylinder sets of length n and m constructed by sequences

$a,b\in {\Omega }$
, respectively, and chosen so that their probabilities have the same order.
Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet on clinical, quality of life and mental health outcomes in women with migraine: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Arab Arman , Khorvash Fariborz , Kazemi Maryam , Heidari Zahra , Askari Gholamreza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe relationship between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and clinical, quality of life and mental health outcomes in migraine is unknown. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a parallel-group, randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of the DASH diet on these health outcomes in women with migraine. Of 102 eligible women (20–50 years), fifty one randomised to the DASH and fifty one to the usual dietary advice (control) groups completed a 12-week intervention. The DASH diet was designed using a 7-d menu cycle to provide 15–20 % of total daily energy requirements from proteins, 25–30 % from fats and 55–60 % from carbohydrates. Dietary records and serum vitamin C levels were used to assess women’s compliance with the DASH diet. The clinical symptoms of migraine (i.e., frequency, duration and severity) and quality of life and mental health (i.e., depression, anxiety and stress) outcomes were assessed in groups pre-and post-intervention. We observed greater decreases in the frequency (–3·00 v. −1·40, P = 0·025) and severity (–1·76 v. −0·59, P < 0·001) of migraine in the DASH v. control group post-intervention. Similarly, the DASH group exhibited a tendency towards greater decreases in migraine duration (–0·58 v. −0·33 d, P = 0·053) and had lower scores of depression (–4·50 v. −2·73, P = 0·019) and stress (–5·84 v. −2·98, P = 0·011) v. controls. However, the quality of life and anxiety outcomes remained comparable in groups post-intervention. Together, evidence supports the benefits of the DASH diet on improving migraine health outcomes in reproductive-aged women. Further research is needed to confirm our findings.
Maternal energy-adjusted fatty acid intake during pregnancy and the development of cows’ milk allergy in the offspring
Authors: Lamminsalo Anni , Metsälä Johanna , Takkinen Hanna-Mari , Tapanainen Heli , Åkerlund Mari , Niinistö Sari , Toppari Jorma , Ilonen Jorma , Veijola Riitta , Knip Mikael , Kaila Minna , Virtanen Suvi M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCows’ milk allergy (CMA) is one of the earliest manifestations of allergic diseases. Early dietary factors, like maternal diet during pregnancy, may play a role in the development of allergic diseases in the offspring. We aimed to investigate the association between maternal intake of fatty acids during pregnancy and the risk of CMA in the offspring. Our study was conducted in a population-based cohort, the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention study. We collected the maternal dietary data by a validated FFQ. We obtained the information on CMA in the study participants (n 448) from registers and from the parents. Dietary data and information on CMA were available for 4921 children. We used logistic regression in the analyses, and fatty acid intakes were energy adjusted. The maternal intake of SFA, MUFA, PUFA, n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA, trans fatty acids, ratio of n-3 PUFA to n-6 PUFA or ratio of linoleic acid to α-linolenic acid was not associated with the risk of CMA in the offspring when adjusted for perinatal factors, background factors, parental history of asthma or allergic rhinitis and infant animal contacts. The intake of α-linolenic acid was associated with a decreased risk (OR 0·72; 95 % CI 0·56, 0·93) of CMA in the offspring of mothers without a history of allergic rhinitis or asthma. In conclusion, the maternal intake of fatty acids during pregnancy is not associated with the risk of CMA in the offspring.
Social housing policy in the metropolitan area of Athens during the period 1922–2012
Authors: Myofa Nikolina 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe aim of this survey is to present the Greek social housing model as a part of the southern European model through an Athenian case-study. Several characteristics of the Greek housing model are unique, and the analysis of the Athenian case provides an example that emphasizes those characteristics. Moreover, this survey intends to contribute to filling the gap in the relevant urban history and geography bibliography and, more specifically, to describe the Greek social housing model and the role of the city of Athens in the planning and distribution of social housing. This survey is based mainly on secondary data (literature review) but also on primary sources.
Characteristics of coronary flow velocity reserve on transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in patients with a history of Kawasaki disease
Authors: Tsuda Etsuko , Hashimoto Shuji 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhether the acute inflammation caused by Kawasaki disease will have an effect on the endothelial function of coronary arteries in the future is unknown.Methods:The coronary flow velocity reserve of the left anterior descending artery was examined by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography in 189 patients (male 125, female 64) with a history of Kawasaki disease and 10 volunteers (control). Their ages ranged from 6 to 40 years (median 22 years). The patients were divided into nine groups based on the left anterior descending artery lesions. The coronary flow velocity reserve was measured by intravenous administration of adenosine triphosphate (0.15 mg/kg/minute) while fasting. The coronary flow velocity reserve was calculated as the ratio of hyperaemic to basal mean diastolic flow velocities. The respective groups were as follows: control, no coronary artery lesions (n = 39), no coronary artery lesions in the right coronary artery (n = 29), regression (n = 11), aneurysm at the bifurcation of the left coronary artery (n = 26), aneurysm of the left anterior descending artery (n = 15), localised stenosis <75% (n = 12), localised stenosis ≥75% (n = 17), segmental stenosis (n = 5) and coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 36). One-factor ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test was used to compare the coronary flow velocity reserve among the groups.Results:The coronary flow velocity reserve was significantly lower in the localised stenosis ≥75%, segmental stenosis and coronary artery grafting groups than in the other groups (p < 0.05).Conclusions:The endothelial function in the epicoronary artery was preserved in patients with a history of Kawasaki disease and dilated coronary artery lesions.
Upper Troposphere Smoke Injection From Large Areal Fires
Authors: Redfern Stephanie , Lundquist Julie K. , Toon Owen B. , Muñoz‐Esparza Domingo , Bardeen Charles G. , Kosović Branko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLarge areal fires, such as those ignited following a nuclear detonation, can inject smoke into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Detailed fire simulations allow for assessment of how local weather interacts with these fires and affects smoke lofting. In this study, we employ the fire simulation package in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF‐Fire) model, Version 4.0.1, to explore how smoke lofting from a fire burning a homogeneous fuel bed changes with varying local winds, relative humidity, and atmospheric boundary‐layer stability for two different‐sized areal fires. The presence of moisture has the greatest influence on the results by raising the altitude of lofting, while faster wind speeds dampen lofting and lower the injection height. Stably stratified conditions inhibit plume propagation compared with neutrally stratified conditions, although the impact of stability is not as strong as that of moisture and winds. These findings highlight the importance of using an appropriate atmospheric profile when simulating large fires, as the local weather can have a meaningful influence on smoke lofting.
Assessing Net Growth of Phytoplankton Biomass on Hourly to Annual Time Scales Using the Geostationary Ocean Color Instrument
Authors: Salisbury Joseph E. , Jönsson Bror F. , Mannino Antonio , Kim Wonkook , Goes Joaquim I. , Choi Jin‐Yong , Concha Javier A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractQuestions of whether diurnal changes in carbon fixation affect the global carbon budget cannot be answered using the present generation of polar orbiting ocean color sensors that can only retrieve one image daily. Here, we present novel satellite‐derived indices of chlorophyll‐based production based on the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), whose hourly imaging capability offer the potential for direct estimates of net phytoplankton growth over hourly to seasonal time scales. Our results reveal large variations in net chlorophyll growth in the GOCI study region, both over the day and between seasons. Hourly changes in chlorophyll concentration are highest during spring while growth rates show maxima during the winter. We show seasonal relationships between growth and photon flux. Our study suggests that Geostationary Ocean Color data can be used to constrain phytoplankton productivity on diurnal time scales and be an essential tool to better understand diurnal growth patterns over large spatial regions.
Understanding the Impact of Soil Moisture on Precipitation Under Different Climate and Meteorological Conditions: A Numerical Sensitivity Study Over the CONUS
Authors: Koukoula M. , Schwartz C. S. , Nikolopoulos E. I. , Anagnostou E. N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAccurate quantitative precipitation forecasts are essential for water resources management, agriculture, and other applications. Soil moisture is among the most important boundary conditions affecting the overlying atmosphere. It can affect precipitation either directly via evapotranspiration, affecting the moisture supply to the atmosphere, or indirectly, changing sensible heat fluxes, which can affect the structure of storms and their associated distributions of precipitation. In this study we investigate the impact of soil moisture uncertainty on simulated precipitation over the conterminous United States (CONUS) with the Weather Research and Forecasting model. We selected two 30‐day periods to conduct simulation scenarios with 3‐km horizontal grid spacing over the CONUS, where the different simulations were identical except for their initial soil moisture and temperature states which were derived from three different products: Global Forecast System analyses, the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) continuously cycling ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation system, and the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS‐2). Results indicate different characteristics of the soil moisture–precipitation relationship during the cold and warm periods and under different climate and meteorological conditions. Better representation of initial soil moisture does not consistently provide an improvement in the simulation of precipitation. Our results suggest that soil moisture affects both the magnitude and spatial distribution of precipitation. The impact of soil moisture on precipitation is more pronounced under drier soil and strong thermal and weak synoptic forcing, while in areas with complex terrain the soil moisture‐precipitation coupling becomes weaker.