bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
सती प्रथाको प्रादूर्भाव
Authors: उपाध्याय Upadhyaya ज्योति Jyoti 
Published: February 2025

नेपाल, भारतलगायत केही देशहरुमा सती प्रथाको प्रचलन प्राचीन कालदेखि नै विद्यमान रहँदै आएको थियो । प्राचीन कालदेखि सती प्रथा चल्दै आएको भए तापनि पतिको मृत्युसँगै पत्नी चितामा जलेर देहत्याग गर्ने जस्तो यो प्रथा एक अमानवीय कार्य थियो । यस्तो कुप्रथा कहाँबाट कहिलेदेखि सुरु भएको थियो भन्ने कुरामा एकमत पाइँदैन । सती प्रथाको उत्पत्तिको आधार हिन्दू धार्मिक ग्रन्थहरु नै हुन् भन्ने तर्कका पनि कुनै भरपर्दा आधारहरू पाइँदैनन् । हिन्दू धर्मका महत्वपूर्ण ग्रन्थहरु ऋग्वेद, यजुर्वेद, सामवेद र अथर्व वेदमा नारीहरू सती जाने कुराको उल्लेख गरिएको पाइँदैन । यी वेदहरूको निर्माण गरिनु भन्दा अगाडि नै सती प्रथा प्रचलनमा आइसकेको मानिन्छ । वैदिककालका मानिसहरु सती प्रथाको बारेमा जानकार थिए । तर उनीहरूले त्यो प्रथा व्यवहारमा अपनाएका थिएनन् । वेदको रचना पछिका विभिन्न पुरोहितहरूले पुराणहरूको रचना गरे । त्यसमा पितृसत्ताको आधिपत्य स्थापना गर्नका लागि पुरोहितहरूले स्त्री धर्मको निर्माण गरे । त्यसमा नारीको दायित्व, कर्तव्य, नैतिक जिम्मेवारीका कुराहरू उल्लेख गरी नारीहरूलाई सती पठाउने गरेको देखिन्छ । तिनमा पनि धर्म र पापसँग स्त्रीहरूलाई जोडेर, पुरुषप्रति नारीहरू उदार रहनु पर्ने सबैको मालिक भगवान् पुरुष जसलाई नारीहरूले जीवन छउन्जेल र मृत्यु पर्यन्त पनि सन्तुष्ट राख्दै सात जन्मसम्म सँगै बस्न पाइने बहानामा सती पठाइएको अध्ययनबाट थाहा पाइन्छ । यसका साथै पुरुषहरूले आर्थिक र राजनीतिक उपलब्धि हासिल गर्न सती पठाउने प्रचलन चलाएको देखिन्छ । केही स्थानमा धर्मको नाममा अन्धविश्वासले र केहीमा अरूको दबाबमा सती गएको पाइन्छ । सतीको अर्थ सत्यमाथि विश्वास गर्ने स्त्रीसँग सम्बन्धित छ । यसमा पति पत्नीको सम्बन्ध एकदमै अटुट भएको कुरा व्यक्त गरिन्छ । सती प्रथाको उदय मानव सभ्यताको उदयसँगै महापाषाण् युगमा मृतकको साथमा उसले उपभोग गर्ने वस्तुहरूसँगै जलाउने गाड्ने प्रचलन थियो । यही विश्वासले यो प्रथाले अनुकूलता पायो र पत्नीलाई पनि वस्तु सरह जलाउन थालेको अनुमान लगाउन सकिन्छ । यो प्रथाको सुरुआत कहिलेदेख सुरु भयो भन्न सकिँदैन । सती प्रथाको प्रचलन नेपाल भारतमा मात्र नभएर अन्य देशमा पनि पाइएको छ । सती प्रथाको पहिलो प्रमाण ४६३ इशापूर्वमा नेपालमा र त्यसपछि ५१० कमन इरा BC.E. मा भारतमा पाइएको थियो । पन्ध्रौँ शताब्दीदेखि अठारौँ शताब्दीमा सती प्रथाको चरम विकास र अभ्यास भएको थियो । सती प्रथा विशेष गरी राजपुतहरूमा त्यसपछि अन्य जातमा पनि अभ्यास गर्न थालिएको उल्लेख पाइन्छ ।
लिच्छविकालिन विद्वत परम्परा
Authors: रिजाल Rijal रवीन्द्र Rabindra 
Published: February 2025

विद्वानहरूले आपूसित भएको विद्वत् भाव वा विशेष ज्ञानलाई प्रदर्शन गर्ने रीतिलाई विद्वत् परम्परा भनिन्छ । लिच्छविकालिन सौन्दर्यताले विद्वत् परम्परा बुझ्न र वर्तमानलाई अभ्यस्त गराउन गुण धर्मको काम गर्दछ । सत्य प्राप्त गर्नु ज्ञानको मूल ध्येय हो । ज्ञान प्रशारण, समाजिक सेवा, मानवकल्याण, गुठी व्यवस्था, कर प्रणाली , इश्वरीय शक्ति, स्वशासन, तहगत राज्य संरचना, नारी स्वतन्त्रता आदि लिच्छविकालिन समाजको प्रमुख दार्शनिक एवं सैद्धान्तिक पक्ष हुन् । लिच्छविकालिन विद्वत् परम्परा यिनै दर्शन र सिद्धान्त वरपर घुमेको छ । लिच्छविकालिन समाजको संरचनात्मक रुप अर्थात तत्कालीन समाजले सृजना गरेको सामाजिक मान्यता, चलित मूल्य, ब्यवहार, नियम, धारणबाट लिच्छवि समाज निर्माणको मापन गर्न सकिन्छ । यो नै लिच्छविकालिन विद्वत् परम्पराको तत्वमिमांस हो । लिच्छविकालिन सामाजिक संरचनाले विकास गरेको ज्ञान, बुझाई वर्णन गर्न वा तत्कालीन समाज दर्शाउने भएकोले यस लेखमा ब्याख्यात्मक दृष्टिकोणबाट दर्शनलाई प्रयोग गरिएको छ । विद्वत्, विद्या, ज्ञानको वास्तविकता, विद्वता प्रभाव, विद्वताको श्रोत, विद्वताको सामाजिकीकरणको श्रृखलाहरू माथि ऐतिहासिक पद्धति र दृष्टिकोणको आधारमा तत्कालीन समाजलाई हेरि ज्ञान प्रशाारणको भाव बुझाउने जमर्को गरिएको छ । यो नै लिच्छविकालिन विद्वत् परम्पराको ज्ञानमिमांस हो । गुरुकुल, सम्मेलन, परिषद्, सभा, विश्वविद्यालय, विहार, गुम्वा, घ्याङ् विद्वताको माध्यम वा श्रोत हुन् । विद्वता र वौद्धिकताको आलोकमा लिच्छविकालिन ज्ञान विज्ञानको वास्तविकता भेट्न विद्वत् परम्पराको बोध हुनु उत्तिकै आवश्यक छ । लिच्छविकालिन विद्वत् परम्पराको छत्रछाँयामा ज्ञान तत्कालीन समाजमा प्रशारण भएको भेटिन्छ, वास्तुकला, शिलालेख लेखन यसको उदाहरण हो । विद्वानहरूले गरेको अति उत्कृष्ट कार्यको नमूनाको रुपमा विद्वत् परम्परालाई लिन सकिन्छ । यो नै लिच्छविकालिन विद्वत् परम्पराको मूल्यमिमांस हो । तर वर्तमान समाजले यो पक्षमाथि दृष्टिगोचर गरिएको पाइदैन । विश्वका विविध ज्ञान परम्पराहरू जस्तै नेपाली ज्ञान परम्पराको ऐतिहासिक विरासत जीवन्त पार्न प्रमाणित इतिहासको थालनीको अवधि भएकाले लिच्छविकालिन विद्वत् परम्पराको अनुशीलन जरुरी छ । तसर्थ प्रस्तुत अध्ययनको उद्देश्य लिच्छविकालिन विद्वत् परम्पराको खोज र अध्ययन गर्नु रहेको छ ।
Eagle syndrome with repeated transient disturbances of consciousness diagnosed using digital subtraction angiography with head rotation: illustrative case
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroki , Kotani Yoshinori , Ogiso Mamoru , Egashira Yusuke , Noda Shinji 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Eagle syndrome with repeated transient disturbances of consciousness is uncommon, with only a few reported cases. Here, the authors report a rare case of Eagle syndrome with repeated transient disturbances of consciousness in a specific head position, diagnosed using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) with head rotation.

OBSERVATIONS
A 74-year-old man experienced several episodes of transient disturbance of consciousness. When he stared downward toward the left, he experienced transient tremors in the right upper and lower limbs and a transient loss of consciousness. Magnetic resonance imaging failed to identify the cause. DSA performed with external head rotation and leftward flexion revealed a delay of blood flow distal to the cervical portion of the left internal carotid artery caused by compression from the left styloid process. A superficial temporal artery–middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass was required in the right cerebral hemisphere. The styloid process was removed first, as the head needed leftward rotation during surgery. Transient disturbance of consciousness did not recur after surgery. Four months later, a right STA-MCA bypass was performed.

LESSONS
This case highlights Eagle syndrome as a potential cause of repeated transient disturbances of consciousness. DSA with head rotation proved useful for the diagnosis.
https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24744
Kenaikan Tarif Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN) Dikaitkan Dengan Kemanfaatan Hukum
Authors: Gabriella  , Yuniawaty Yenny 
Published: February 2025

Pajak adalah kewajiban pembayaran kepada negara yang dikenakan secara memaksa berdasarkan undang-undang. Pengenaan pajak terhadap objek pajak adalah berdasarkan tarif pajak. Pajak Pertambahan Nilai (PPN), sebagai sumber utama pendapatan negara di Indonesia, telah naik dari 10% menjadi 11% sejak 1 April 2022 dengan rencana meningkat menjadi 12% pada 1 Januari 2025. Kenaikan ini bertujuan untuk mengurangi defisit APBN dan meningkatkan penerimaan negara, terutama pasca COVID-19. Dampak dari kenaikan PPN meliputi pemungutan pajak atas barang mewah. Hal ini menimbulkan perdebatan mengenai dampaknya terhadap masyarakat, serta implikasinya dari perspektif kemanfaatan hukum dan teori utilitarianisme Jeremy Bentham. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis kenaikan pajak pertambahan nilai dikaitkan dengan teori kemanfaatan hukum Jeremy Bentham. Peneliti menggunakan metode yuridis normatif, sifat penelitian menggunakan dekriptif analitis dengan mengkaji, menguraikan, dan menjelaskan permasalahan atau isu hukum tentang kenaikan pajak pertambahan nilai ditinjau dari kemanfaatan hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan pajak pertambahan nilai sejalan dengan kemanfaatan hukum karena kelompok masyarakat yang akan menerima manfaat dari kenaikan pajak atas barang mewah jauh lebih banyak dari presentase masyarakat yang mengalami kenaikan pajak tersebut, sehingga teori kemanfaatan hukum Jeremy Bentham dengan prinsip "the greatest happiness for the greatest number" (kebahagiaan terbesar bagi jumlah orang terbanyak) telah terpenuhi.
Database of Patterns PROF_PAT for Detecting Local	Similarities
Authors: Nizolenko Lily P. , Bachinsky Alexander G. , Naumochkin Andrey N. , Yarigin Andrey A. , Grigorovich Dmitry A. 
Published: February 2025

We have developed PROF_PAT, a database of patterns, constructed for groups of related proteins and designed to maximize representation of amino acid sequences from the SWISS-PROT database. The purpose of the current study was to demonstrate that PROT_PAT is not only as good as known analogs but surpasses them in some features. 10938 new amino acid sequences from the SWISS-PROT bank were compared with patterns constructed for protein families in the PROF_PAT 1.10 bank. The aim of the comparisons was to estimate some threshold values of "Score" parameter to distinguish random similarities from significant ones. From the 10938 new sequences, 638 did not reveal any similarities with PROF_PAT patterns. Cases of found similarities were divided into three sets: 'positive', 'putative' (or 'unknown', and 'false positive', containing 7719, 2297 and 284 sequences respectively. Using 20 amino acid sequences from the TrEMBL bank that have no descriptions, PROF_PAT demonstrated specificity at a level that was as good as for the best-known "secondary" banks. At the same time, its pattern content and variety of included proteins was significantly richer, and its search speed was 3–10 times higher than those of any other protein family bank used for comparison.
THE INFLUENCE OF COMMUNITIES ON THE FORMATION OF THE TRANSPORT MODEL OF THE CITY (US THE EXAMPLE OF UZHGOROD)
Authors: Kablak Nataliya , Kutsyna Irina , Bespalov Dmitry 
Published: February 2025

The impact of communities on the development of the city's transport infrastructure, the organization of transit traffic, as well as the distribution of active public transport zones, taking into account historical and architectural features, the prerequisites for the formation and implementation of the concept of the transport development of the city of Uzhhorod and its surroundings were analyzed. The Transcarpathian region is located in the extreme western part of Ukraine on the border with Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and Romania and is considered the geographical center of Europe. Because of this, the Transcarpathian region and the Uzhhorod district in particular are an important transport hub, because they connect many logistical and passenger routes on the routes between the EU and Ukraine (and earlier also other eastern countries).
Despite this, among the cross-border association of the above-mentioned countries, it is believed that this region needs more attention to the development of its own transport infrastructure and socio-economic potential. It has the lowest density of roads (partially due to the geographical features of the location in the foothills), the state of existing connections does not always satisfy the transport needs of users. The region has a large tourist and production potential for foreign investment and foreign tourism, but the development of the production potential of the regions is hindered by the insufficient level of mass connections to key destinations, and tourist locations lack reliable intercity connections and developed bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure. A separate issue is the problem of approaches to border connections and the temporal unpredictability of their crossing. All these problems together lead to the fact that vehicles are actively used in the area for connections, which leads to a high level of harmful emissions and noise pollution.
Some of these connectivity problems are solved at the local level of territorial communities, but the asymmetry of activity and initial conditions leads to inequality in the opportunities and economic status of city residents and territorial communities of the district. Such issues require complex solutions at the level of city and district administrations, and in order to verify these solutions, it is necessary to understand the needs for movement and the current practices of using the transport system by the residents of Uzhhorod and nearby communities. Also, given the fact that part of the population works and studies in neighboring countries, and therefore regularly travels across the border, it is important to understand this kind of people's needs and develop optimization of cross-border regular connections.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE RESIDENTIAL BLOCK-SECTION IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF UKRAINE IN 1950s AND ITS USAGE IN THE BUILDING PROCESS OF ZAPORIZHZHIA
Authors: Bulanov Denys 
Published: February 2025

Mass housing construction was actively developing in the USSR in 1950s. In this period was typical the development and implementation of the first series of multi-apartment residential buildings’ typical projects. The goal was to solve the living problem in the Ukrainian Republic cities and demonstrate the state's concern for its citizens. The construction of residential districts carried out comprehensively. It included landscaping, engineering development of the territory and an engineering networks installation. The cost-effectiveness was the main solution for the typical space organization at the urban planning level & the architectural and planning structure - at the object level. The mail points of the article - to analyze the volume-spatial and architectural-planning solutions for residential block-sections of the first mass series (series “11”, “A” and “B”), which were used in the residential buildings’ design in the USSR cities in 1950s.; to make a comparative analysis of the planning structure in the context of economy and social perspective of settlement; to demonstrate the typical projects’ usage in the development of Zaporizhzhia. The Academy of Architecture and other design institutes carried out the theoretical justification of new approaches to the typological structure formation of the new residential construction and the approval of the solutions.
EXPERIENCE OF PRACTICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ELECTRONIC CABINET ON THE GEOPORTAL OF THE CITY PLANNING CADASTRE OF LVIV CITY COUNCIL
Authors: Hurianov Vladyslav 
Published: February 2025

The article presents the experience of the practical implementation of the surveyor's electronic cabinet as part of the geoinformation system of the urban planning cadastre of the Lviv City Council, designed to ensure the management of the urban planning cadastre at the local level. A significant place in this geoinformation system is given to the subsystem of topographic and geodetic support for the management of the urban cadastre and the surveyor's electronic cabinet - this is a modern tool and service developed on the basis of the geoinformation system, which allows geodesists and land management organizations to work with the topographic basis and other data contained in geoinformation system and provides a full-fledged work process for receiving large-scale topographic surveys online: from receiving initial data to transmitting updated survey results to update the topographic base. The functionality of the surveyor's electronic cabinet provides a quick update of data, the possibility of monitoring the status of the application, checking and making changes to the submitted materials. The use of the service once again proves that the use of modern geo-information technologies, in particular the tool of the Surveyor's Electronic Cabinet, allows to significantly simplify the work of not only surveyors and other interested persons, but also employees in the form of responsible employees of the urban planning cadastre department of the Lviv City Council. The purpose of the article is to acquaint the geoinformation community with work experience in the practical implementation and use of electronic cabinets using the example of a surveyor's cabinet, which is implemented as part of the geoportal of the urban cadastre. The article describes the method of implementing the surveyor's electronic cabinet and its implementation on the example of the geoinformation system of the urban planning cadastre of the Lviv City Council.
Pengaruh Online Customer Review, Rating, dan Kepercayaan Konsumen Terhadap Minat Beli Produk The Originote di Shopee Pada Mahasiswa Prodi Manajemen Unimed
Authors: Sitorus Kesya Meyrli Namora , Siregar Zulkairnain 
Published: February 2025

Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh online customer review, rating, dan kepercayaan konsumen terhadap minat pembelian produk The Originote di Shopee pada Mahasiswa Prodi Manajemen Unimed.
Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 150 responden dengan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui kuesioner. Analisis ini menggunakan Partial Least Square (PLS) dengan software SmartPLS 4.0
Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ulasan dan rating pelanggan online tidak berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap minat beli, kepercayaan konsumen berpengaruh langsung terhadap minat beli, ulasan dan rating pelanggan online berpengaruh terhadap minat beli yang dimediasi oleh kepercayaan konsumen.
Implikasi. Penelitian ini dapat membantu pengelola produk The Originote di Shopee meningkatkan ulasan, rating, dan kepercayaan konsumen untuk mempengaruhi minat beli, serta memberi ide bagi Shopee untuk memperbaiki sistem ulasan dan rating. Penelitian ini juga mendorong pelaku bisnis meningkatkan kualitas layanan dan produk. Dalam Pendidikan.
Bagaimana Peran Kepuasan Keuangan Terhadap Kesiapan Pensiun?
Authors: Neo Yusfina Oviana , Perseveranda M. E. , Lejap Hedwigh Hendrikus Temai 
Published: February 2025

Tujuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh dari kepuasan keuangan, pengelolaan keuangan dan perilaku menabung terhadap kesiapan pensiun pada masyarakat di Kota Ende, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur.
Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah masyarakat di Kota Ende Non-PNS yang masih aktif bekerja di kota Ende, dengan sampel berjumlah 210 responden. Data yang dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang dibagikan melalui Google Forms. Data yang dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Smart-PLS3.
Hasil. Analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa variabel kepuasan keuangan, pengelolaan keuangan, perilaku menabung, & kesiapan pensiun berada pada level sangat tinggi. Hasil pengujian hipotesis secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan keuangan, pengelolaan keuangan, & perilaku menabung berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan pensiun.
Implikasi. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan keuangan, pengelolaan keuangan, dan perilaku menabung berkontribusi dalam membentuk kesiapan pensiun. Oleh karena itu penting untuk meningkatkan kepuasan keuangan, pengelolaan, dan perilaku menabung, melalui peningkatan edukasi keuangan baik secara formal maupun non formal. Edukasi keuangan ini dapat dilakukan oleh pemerintah melalui sosialisasi, maupun melalui pembelajaran di sekolah dan perguruan tinggi.
Insight into the physiological and molecular response of low light stress tolerance in rice
Authors: Haque M A , Sen A , Akter S E , Khan N A , Rahman M A , Tuhin K B M O F 
Published: February 2025

Rice is a sensitive crop, and its growth is highly affected by abiotic stresses. Among the abiotic stresses, low light intensity is one of the most critical environmental elements influencing plant growth and development. It regulates plants development and production by determining photosynthetic rate and accumulative assimilation. Plants, on the other hand, are often exposed to excessive or insufficient light intensities, and such variations, commonly referred to as light stress, have an impact on their agronomic traits by restricting physiological metabolic processes such as photosynthesis, antioxidant machinery, and their ability to fix atmospheric carbon and nitrogen. Photosystem II (PSII) and its reaction centres are particularly vulnerable to these disturbances and have thus been identified as main targets of light stress at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. This paper reviews the response of low light levels on rice productivity and quality from morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular perspectives. We have attempted to present the advancements of molecular studies in this crucial field of low-light stress tolerance in rice. We also summarised the need for future research, emphasising the need for techniques that can effectively increase rice grain yield and quality in low-light conditions.
Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric, 38(2): 49-63, 2024
Comparisons of the effects of psychologically-informed and usual physiotherapy on pain sensitivity in chronic low back pain: an exploratory randomized controlled trial
Authors: Massé-Alarie Hugo , Desgagnés Amélie , Côté-Picard Claudia , Liberty Olivier , Langevin Pierre , Piché Mathieu , Tousignant-Laflamme Yannick 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The presence of altered central pain processing and modulation, as well as negative psychological factors, have been suggested to impede recovery in chronic low back pain (CLBP). Psychologically-informed physiotherapy (PiP) aims to specifically address the latter factors—in addition to physical factors—to improve treatment effects. This study aims to determine if the effect of PiP is superior to usual physiotherapy (UP) on pain sensitivity and modulation in participants with CLBP and if changes in these variables were associated with changes in clinical outcomes.
Methods: Forty participants with CLBP were randomly allocated to PiP or UP. Seven physiotherapy sessions over 6 weeks plus a booster session at an 11-week follow-up were delivered. Pressure pain threshold (PPT), temporal summation of pain (TSP), and exercise-induced hypoalgesia were assessed on lumbar, upper, and lower limb sites at baseline and after 6 weeks. Linear mixed models tested if PiP was superior to UP on pain sensitivity/modulation. Linear regressions tested if pain sensitivity/modulation changes were associated with changes in clinical outcomes (pain intensity, physical functioning, symptoms of central sensitization).
Results: PiP was not superior to UP to modulate pain sensitivity/modulation variables. All PPTs increased after 6 weeks regardless of the approach. Lumbar PPT and lumbar and lower limb TSP changes were associated with physical functioning changes.
Conclusion: Although our study suggests that neither approach has a superiority to impact on pain sensitivity, both approaches elicited widespread hypoalgesia. Future powered trials should verify if pain sensitivity can be a mediator of physical functioning improvement, as suggested by our results.
An integrated transcriptomic analysis unveils the regulatory roles of RNA binding proteins during human spermatogenesis
Authors: Xu Ning , Qin Yixian , Liu Yu , Guan Yudong , Xin Hang , Ou Junwen , Wang Yiqiao 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundRNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have emerged as key regulators in testis development and spermatogenesis, yet a comprehensive understanding of their expression dynamics has been lacking.MethodsThis study leverages published single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data to elucidate the complex expression patterns of RBP genes during postnatal testis development and spermatogenesis. Additionally, it uses bulk RNA-seq data to explore the regulatory impact of RBPs on alternative splicing (AS) in non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA).ResultsWe have identified cell-specific RNA-binding protein (RBP) genes in various cell types throughout testis development. Notably, distinct RBP gene clusters exhibit significant differential expression, particularly in Sertoli cells as they mature from neonatal to adult stages. Our analysis has revealed temporally-regulated RBP clusters that correlate with the developmental progression of Sertoli cells and the advancement of spermatogenesis. Moreover, we have established links between specific RBPs and the pathogenesis of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) through the regulation of alternative splicing (AS) events. Additionally, RPL10, RPL39, and SETX have been identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers for NOA.ConclusionThis research provided an in-depth look at RBP expression patterns during human testis development and spermatogenesis. It not only deepens our basic comprehension of male fertility and infertility but also indicates promising directions for the creation of innovative diagnostic and treatment methods for NOA.