bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of introduction of the anti-female genital mutilation law on the practice of female genital mutilation in Garissa County, Kenya
Authors: Derowa Yasmin H. , Gitonga Eliphas , Otieno George , Yoos Alison , Jisuvei Clayton S. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Female genital mutilation (FGM), is a social traditional practice performed by cutting parts of the external female genitalia. Garissa county in north eastern Kenya has the highest prevalence of FGM in Kenya at 94%. This practise was illegalised in Kenya in 2011. The aim of the study was to assess the successes of anti-FGM programs in Garissa County.Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 108 participants of both genders and different age groups. Questionnaires were used in data collection. Obtained data was analyzed using SPSS version 25. Chi square was used to compare characteristics between female participants who had undergone FGM and participants not circumcised. Results: Of the 108 participants, 53.7% were females. The median age of participants was 23 years [Interquartile range (IQR])15-40]. The prevalence of FGM was 62% with the mean age at circumcision being 8.34 years (SD=2.69 years). Being of Muslim faith was associated with practice of FGM (p<0.001). There was high level of awareness of the anti-FGM law among youths at 84%. Two thirds of participants did not support FGM. Excision was the main type of FGM practiced. Among those circumcised, 14.7% were circumcised by trained nurses.Conclusions: Introduction of the anti-FGM law, and its advocacy by NGOs has led to a reduction in the practice of FGM in Garissa county. There is an increase in the medicalization of FGM in Garissa with evidence of the practice going underground. This study recommends NGOs to have a clearer focus on the method chosen for use in advocating for the abandonment of FGM.
A novel approach to assess the effectiveness of medical technological intervention in the management of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Doddaiah Sunil Kumar , Shwetha G. , Gopi Arun , Murthy M. R. Narayana , S. Bilimale Anil 
Published: September 2021

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading diseases in the current scenario due to lifestyle changes it causes premature illness and death across the world. Hence, the current study aimed at studying the effectiveness of medical technological education intervention in the management of diabetes mellitus.Methods: A quasi-experimental study of 138 diabetes mellitus patients at an urban health Centre, Mysuru was conducted from 1st November 2019 to 31st May 2020, information regarding socio-demographic characteristics was collected in a pre-tested proforma by interview technique and HbA1C levels was collected after taking consent from the study participants. The assessment of the effectiveness of medical technological education intervention was done by considering the improvement in mean HbA1C levels.Results: The comparison of HbA1C of group A, B and C before and after the educational intervention showed a reduction of mean HbA1C from 7.60% to 6.84% in group A which was significant statistically and in group B it has reduced from 7.30% to 7.14%, however in group C it has increased from 7.71% to 8.50%.Conclusions: The medical technological education intervention using the smartphone application is effective when compared to traditional methods. It plays an important role in the management of diabetes mellitus.
Ten years risk assessment of cardiovascular events among adult population visiting urban health and training centre of a tertiary care institution, Farrukhabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Alam M. N. , Khatoon Shagufta 
Published: September 2021

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the number one cause of death globally, four out of five CVDs deaths are due to heart attacks and strokes, and one third of these deaths occur prematurely in people under 70 years of age. In view of above background study conducted with the aim and objective to determine Ten years risk assessment of cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction or stroke) among adult population visiting UHTC of a tertiary care Institution, Farrukhabad, UP, India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using World Health organisation (WHO)/International Society of Hypertension (ISH) tool at urban health and training centre (UHTC) of a tertiary care institution at Farrukhabad, UP from August 2017 to January 2018. Sample size was 400 (n=4pq/l2). Ethical clearance was obtained from institutional ethical committee and written informed consent obtained from the participants. Data analysed using SPSS Software. Chi-square test used to observe level of significance at p<0.05.Results: Majority (69.5%) have less than 10% risk for CVD whereas 10.5% have 10-20% risk, 8% people have 20-30% risk, 6.25% have 30-40% risk and 5.75% people have ≥ 40% risk. Majority (58.75%) belong to young adult. About 7.75% people were diabetic and 11.25% were smoker. Concerning serum cholesterol, 49% had 5 mmol/l, 42% had 4 mmol/l, 0.75% had ≥8 mmol/l. Statistically significant association observed between socio-economic status (SES) and cardiovascular event when chi-square is 95.344, and p<0.00001.Conclusions: About 1/3 population have risk above 10%. Mostly middle-income group are on risk.
Impact of adenoidectomy on middle ear function in children between 5-12 years of age with chronic adenoiditis
Authors: Agaman G. , Poduval Jayita D. 
Published: September 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Otitis media with effusion (OME) is an inflammatory disorder of the middle ear that is characterised by the presence of endotympanic fluid without any sign or symptom of acute ear infection, which may lead to hearing loss or long-term sequelae and have a negative impact on speech development and behaviour. Aim of the study was to determine the influence of adenoidectomy on middle ear function in children with chronic adenoiditis and to correlate degree of adenoid hypertrophy with middle ear function.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study comprised 50 cases, who were 5-12 years of either sex presenting to ear, nose and throat outpatient department (ENT OPD) with grade 3, 4 adenoid hypertrophy. After detailed history and clinical examination, investigations such as pure tone audiogram, impedance audiometry, X-ray nasopharynx and diagnostic nasal endoscopy were carried out to confirm the diagnosis. All patients were posted for adenoidectomy by curettage. They were followed up at 1st, 3rd and 6th month for pure tone audiometry and impedance was done at 6th month of surgery. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In this study, maximum number (82%) of cases belonged to more than 7 years age group. On otoscopy, dull, amber coloured tympanic membranes ™ was the most common finding in 78% of cases. 66% had adenoid hypertrophy grade three and 34% had adenoid hypertrophy grade four. Mean audiometry findings at preoperative, and one month and 3 months post-op intervals are 24.2, 13.28 and 12.2, and the p value is less than 0.0001, which is statistically significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It may be concluded, that adenoidectomy completely eliminates the effusion in the middle ear cavity and exhibits significant postoperative hearing improvement.</p>
Multidetector computed tomography imaging of squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa
Authors: Sankhe Ashwini , Rahatekar Neha , Mankar Diksha 
Published: September 2021

<p>This study aims at describing the role of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and CT imaging findings in evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa and its staging. Retrospective study of 40 patients who underwent MDCT and were histopathogically proven case of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of buccal mucosa patients were included in the study. Plain, arterial, venous phase and puff cheek CT cuts were taken from base of skull till clavicle. The imaging findings in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity allow the radiologist to accurately determine the extent and staging of disease thereby help clinicians plan appropriate treatment. 40 such patients were done in which majority of them are male patients-27 as compared to female patients-13. Among these 40 patients, 20 patients had stage IVB cancer, 13 patients had stage IVA, 5 patients had stage II and 2 patients had stage I cancer. No patient included in our study had stage III. Patients’ recovery will depend on how early the cancer is found and staging gives an idea of patients’ possible outcomes. MDCT is non-invasive and cost-effective investigation which helps in evaluating squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa and determines its stage of buccal cancer and guide the therapy accordingly.</p>
Comparison of dental caries and periodontal disease with dermatoglyphic patterns and salivary p
Authors: Aruna D. , Prasanth T. 
Published: September 2021

Dermatoglyphic patterns are dermal ridge configurations present on the fingers, palm, toes and soles of human which are valuable in the diagnosis of many diseases associated with genetic disorders. Although the aetiology of dental caries and periodontal diseases is multi-factorial, we hypothesize that they may have genetic predisposition. We also evaluated its association with environmental factors like salivary pto assess any possible correlation. This study aims to Compare Dental caries (DC) and chronic generalized periodontitis (CGP) with Dermatoglyphic patterns and salivary p. One hundred patients were divided into group I (40 DC patients), group II (40 CGP patients) and group III includes 20 healthy controls. DMFT (decayed missing filled teeth) index (&#62; 5) from group I, Russell’s periodontal index (2-5) from group II patients were taken. Finger print patterns by ink method and salivary p by p strips were recorded from all the groups and analysed with descriptive analysis. Group I showed more incidence of whorl patterns at lower salivary p than Group II and III which was statistically significant (p&#60;0.05). Group II showed more incidence of ulnar loop patterns at slightly lower p than Group I & III which was statistically significant (p&#60;0.05).The present study showed DC seen in people with more number of whorl patterns and periodontal disease with more ulnar loop patterns at lower salivary P. Larger scale studies are warranted to confirm our findings before applying dermatoglyphics to predict an individual prone to develop DC and periodontal disease in clinical practice.
An autopsy study of suicidal hanging
Authors: Rao Dinesh 
Published: September 2021

Hanging is the most preferred method of Suicide. Individuals are known to use different Ligature material and suspend completely or partially. hence, it is important to understand the Parameters involved in it. Large number of Suicidal death are reported. To Understand Suicidal Hanging by studying different parameters involved in it like Ligature Material, Type of Knot. Sex and Age Group, involved, kind of Suspension and Position of knot. A total of 634 cases were studied . Crime scene examination was done only in those cases where their were Suspicion on the Suspension Deaths. Rest of the cases the crime scene photographs and investigating officer records were the inputs. Only Suicidal Hanging were Considered for the Study. Suicidal Hanging contributed to 6.5% of the Total Cases. The Ropes[27%%] and Stole [36%]Contributed to the Most Preferred Ligature Material and Shoe Lace contribute[0.5%] to the least preferred Material for Self Suspension. Complete Suspension was observed in 62% of cases. The Majority of the Victims were Females contributing to 62% of the Deaths. The Major Age Group[50.76%] Involved was between 21-30years and the Uneffected Age group were those in the Extremes of Life i.e 1-10 and 61-70years. A Slip Knot was used on 97.73% of suspensions. In 78% of Suspension the Position of the Knot was situated over the [Typical Hanging]Nape of Neck. Married Victims Contributed to 37.45% of cases. The different Parameters of Suicidal Hanging are necessary to understand the Suicidal Nature of Hanging.
​Effect of Prebiotics on Physico-chemical and Sensory Properties of Synbiotic Shrikhand Blended with Papaya Pulp
Authors: Suryawanshi N.A. , Patil Y.N. , Ramod S.S. , Terde S.H. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Shrikhand is a semi solid, sweetish-sour, whole milk product, prepared from lactic fermented curd. The curd (dahi) is partially strained through a muslin cloth to remove the whey to yield Chakka. Sugar, flavour, colour and dry fruits/condiments are mixed into chakka to form a soft homogenous mass known as Shrikhand. It is a nutritionally dense fermented milk product. Its nutritional and therapeutic value can further be enhanced by incorporating fruit pulp or probiotics. Method: The present study was undertaken for combination of different levels of dextrin as prebiotics (1.5, 2.0 and 2.5%), @ 1.5% probiotic culture i.e., Lactobacillus casei and 60% sugar, blended with different levels of papaya pulp (10, 20 and 30%) respectively for preparation of synbiotic shrikhand. Result: The most acceptable quality of synbiotic shrikhand can be manufactured by using 2.0 per cent dextrine and 20 per cent papaya pulp which contained on an average 52.848, 8.3, 6.118, 38.492, 1.34 and 1.339 per cent total solids, fat, protein, total sugar, ash and titratable acidity, respectively and also observed significant effect in all the treatments were found subject to chemical analysis. Sensory attributes viz., colour and appearance, Flavour, body and texture and over all acceptability were judged by using 9-point hedonic scale of semi trained panelist and observed that the treatment (D2P2) with 2.0 per cent prebiotic and 20 per cent papaya pulp found highest sensory score.
OS DESAFIOS PARA A IMPLANTAÇÃO DE UM ÓRGÃO AMBIENTAL MUNICIPAL: RESULTADOS DA GESTÃO DA AMAPA 2017- 2019
Authors: De Sousa Brito Jefferson , Cavalcante Pinheiro Francisco Márcio , Da Silva Sobrinho Marilangela , Costa Filho Edilson Holanda 
Published: September 2021

Com a criação da Resolução COEMA Nº 07/2019 foi possível os municípios cearenses, caso desejassem, exercerem a gestão ambiental local. O presente artigo, portanto, traz a cronologia de estruturação da Autarquia de Meio Ambientede Pacatuba (AMAPA) e, através dessa experiência, objetiva apresentar os desafios para implantação de um órgão ambiental municipal. A partir das experiências dos servidores da AMAPA, de análise de documentos e dos relatórios de produtividade da autarquia entre os anos de 2017 e 2019, foi possível observar que o principal entrave para a criação do órgão foi o político. O comprometimento do poder executivo local foi necessário para que todas as outras variáveis (legislativa, técnica, estrutural e financeira) pudessem se alinhar e fazer existir um órgão ambiental de fato. Quanto a produtividade, no período considerado, observou-se um crescimento do número de licenças emitidas, com destaque para a tipologia Autorização Ambiental. Quanto ao monitoramento, o município utiliza o RAMA, um relatório entregue, anualmente, pelo empreendimento licenciado, com informações que subsidiam a análise da regularidade da instalação e operação. Em relação a fiscalização, a principal infração observada foi ausência de licença. Quanto a arrecadação, os valores foram R$ 300.571,45, com licenciamento, R$ 69.030,04, com fiscalização, R$ 37.887,08, com monitoramento e R$ 54.928,94, com compensação ambiental. Concluiu-se ser benéfico para os municípios a gestão ambiental municipal, principalmente por conta da autonomia em relação ao Estado e maior atenção aos interesses locais. A capacitação e a valorização dos servidores aparecem como fundamental para sustentabilidade do órgão.
ESTUDO PARA REAPROVEITAMENTO DE RESIDUO DE CORTE DE GRANITO EM BLOCOS DE CONCRETO
Authors: Santos Karolyne Vieira , Caldas Leonardo Santos , Santos Rhayra Guadalupe Melo , Almeida Vanessa Gentil de Oliveira , Melo Fernanda Martins de Cavalcante de , Oliveira Herbet Alves de 
Published: September 2021

Resíduos de corte de granito estão presentes em todas as marmorias do Brasil decorrente do processo de beneficiamento de rochas de mármore e granito. Na maioria delas esse resíduo é descartado em aterros provocando grande impacto ambiental. Na região de Estancia (SE) região sul de Sergipe, existem várias fábricas que produzem blocos de concreto que demandam areia, cimento para a produção, e que poderia aproveitar esse tipo de resíduo. Nesse trabalho foram elaboradas formulaçoes em que se incorporou o resíduo em substituição ao cimento. Os blocos foram produzidos em forma manual e após cura de 28 dias foram submetidos aos ensaios tecnologicos de: resistência mecânica a compressão, absorção de água e massa especifica aparente. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o resíduo pode ser uma fonte de matéria prima, além de reduzir custo de processo e evitar o descarte do resíduo no meio ambiente.
Assessment of relationship between management policies and transfer of skills
Authors: Mburu Frasiah Wangari , W. Kamau Alice , M. Macharia Stephen 
Published: September 2021

Despite heavy investments in training and development, low-quality education standards and challenges in management practices have been a sticky problem in the Kenyan education sector. Organization Theory guided the main aim of this study in establishing the relationship between management policies and transfer of skills for public secondary school headteachers in schools management. The study adopted a descriptive research design. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The study population comprised 226 headteachers. A mixture of stratified random sampling and census study was adopted in sampling 69 respondents. The results established that management policies explained a 23.4% variation in the transfer of skills for school heads. ?1 = 0.536 and p-value = 0.000 (p<0.05) indicated that management policies had positive and significant effects on transfer of skills. The study established that unsupportive policies like the Students Council, two centers of power, strict policies, and lack of inclusivity in policy formulation adversely affected school heads in implementing learned skills. The study recommends fair representation of all categories of education stakeholders in policies review and formulation to alleviate challenges associated with management policies to enhance the transfer of skills. The Government should address the issue of two centers of power in the public basic education sector. The paper sought to call the attention of the professional development trainers to exercise follow-ups to assess post-training behavioral outcomes in the context of organizational climate.
Identificación de los militares en activo que participaron en los Juegos Olímpicos de 1920 en Amberes = Identification of the active Spanish military who participated in the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp
Authors: García García José Miguel 
Published: September 2021

El objetivo de este estudio es identificar a los militares españoles en activo, pertenecientes a las Fuerzas Armadas, que participaron en los Juegos Olímpicos de 1920 en Amberes. Las fuentes sobre los miembros que allí participaron son muy escasas y confusas. Empleando la técnica de la observación documental se han seleccionado, revisado y analizado tres bases de datos con datos olímpicos, 20 monografías, dos artículos, dos boletines oficiales y nueve medios de comunicación escritos. Los resultados nominalmente de todos los deportistas españoles que participaron en los Juegos Olímpicos de Amberes en 1920 los hemos cruzado con los archivos militares que custodian los expedientes personales, obteniendo catorce nombres de posibles participantes militares. Analizados estos catorce expedientes militares se descartan a cuatro personas, uno por estar de baja y tres por no estar en activo. Las conclusiones muestran que los militares españoles en activo, pertenecientes a las Fuerzas Armadas, que participaron en los Juegos Olímpicos de 1920 en Amberes son, José Bento López, Antonio Bonilla San Martín, Luis Calvet Sandoz, Jaime Camps Gordon, Ignacio Estévez Estévez, José de Figueroa y Alonso-Martínez, Antonio Moreira Montero, Ángel Pradel Cid, Domingo Rodríguez Somoza y León Villarín Cano. AbstractThe purpose of this study is to identify the Spanish militaries in active belonging to the Armed Forces who participated in the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp. The sources about the members who participated are very few and confusing. Employing the technique of documentary observation have been selected, reviewed and analyzed three databases with olympic data, 20 monographs, two articles, two official bulletins and nine written media. The results nominally of all Spanish sportsmen who participated in the Olympic Games in Antwerp in 1920 have crossed with the military archives that guard the personal dossiers, obtaining fourteen names of possible militaries participants. After analyzing these fourteen military files, four people were discarded, one for being on leave and three for not being in active. The conclusions show that Spanish military on active belonging to the Armed Forces, who participated in the 1920 Olympic Games in Antwerp are, José Bento López, Antonio Bonilla San Martín, Luis Calvet Sandoz, Jaime Camps Gordon, Ignacio Estévez Estévez, José de Figueroa y Alonso-Martínez, Antonio Moreira Montero, Ángel Pradel Cid, Domingo Rodríguez Somoza y León Villarín Cano.
Vision restoration in photoreceptor-degenerated mice and macaque monkeys using nanowires
Authors: Zhang Jiayi , Yang Ruyi , Zhao Peng , Feng Chenli , Wang Liyang , Wang Zhexuan , Zhang Yingying , Chen Peng , Shen Mingqian , Shi Kaiwen , Weng Shijun , Huang Yanwen , Dong Chunqiong , Zeng Fu , Fu Luoyin , Ma Ruoxi , Wang Fei , Jiang Su , Xu Wendong , Wang Gang , Zheng Gengfeng , Chen Aihua , Yuan Fei , Yuan Yuanzhi , Yan Biao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Photoreceptor degeneration diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration, are major causes of blindness. Here we evaluate the performance of Au nanoparticle-coated titania (TiO2-x) nanowire (NW) arrays as artificial photoreceptors to restore image-forming vision in blind mice and non-human primates with photoreceptor degeneration. We first demonstrated that blind mice with the subretinal implant of NW arrays were capable of detecting static, moving and flashing objects, with a visual acuity of 0.3 cpd, measured up to 9 months after the implant surgery. Using chronic in vivo calcium imaging, we continuously monitored light-induced responses of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) in NW-implanted blind mice for over 14 weeks. Light responses of V1 neurons first appeared at 2 days after the surgery and the number of light-responsive V1 neurons peaked 1 week after the implant surgery, and the latency of these responses decreased over time. These results collectively suggested the plasticity and improvement in the encoding of visual information in V1 after NW implant surgery. We then implanted NW arrays subretinally in macaque monkeys, showing that the NW arrays did not cause adverse responses 8 weeks post surgery. Finally, visually-guided saccades were restored in macaque monkeys with the subretinal implant of NW arrays. Our findings demonstrated the possibility to utilize nanomaterials as artificial photoreceptors to ameliorate visual deficits of patients with photoreceptor degeneration.