bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
350Perception of Nigerian women on violation of Traditional Gender Role-related IPV
Authors: Olabumuyi Olayide , Uchendu Obioma , Akinbobola Ebunoluwa , Awosika Olawale 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Violation of Traditional Gender Roles (TGR) by women has been perceived as a justifiable reason for perpetrating Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Although higher among males, opinions among women regarding violation of TGR as a justification for IPV vary. This study assessed the perception of Nigerian women on violation of TGR that predispose to IPV.

Methods
Secondary analysis of the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) was done. Complex sample analysis of a subset of 41,821 women of reproductive age was done using SPSS version 23. Descriptive and inferential statistics were done and multivariate logistic regression model was fitted to identify predictors of poor perception of violation of TGR

Result
Mean age of the respondents was 30.9 ± 7.9years and 10.6% had childhood experience of domestic violence. Poor perception of TGR was found among 28.9% of women with the highest proportion of women with poor perception (46.2%) coming from the north central geo-political zone. The odds of poor perception of TGR-related IPV was 1.4 times and 4.9 times higher among those with childhood experience of domestic violence [OR = 1.4; 95% CI = 1.139-1.694] and women from the North Eastern geopolitical zone [OR = 4.9; 95% CI = 3.696-6.503] respectively.

Conclusion
Predictors of poor perception of TGR violation among one-third of women of reproductive age in Nigeria are childhood experience of violence and place of residence.

Key message
IPV reduction interventions should appropriately address perception of TGR among different at risk population.
1107Dietary polyphenol intake and differentiated thyroid cancer risk: a population-based case-control study in New Caledonia
Authors: Paquet Melanie , Baron-Dubourdieu Dominique , Guénel Pascal , Truong Thérèse 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Aetiology of differentiated thyroid cancer is poorly understood. Among the risk factors strongly suspected to be involved in thyroid carcinogenesis are dietary factors. Recent evidence suggests polyphenols (i.e., natural bioactive compounds found in plant species), and their anticancer properties, may deserve closer epidemiological attention. Therefore, we examined the association between polyphenol intake levels and thyroid cancer risk in New Caledonia – a Pacific archipelago with some of the highest recorded thyroid cancer incidence rates in the world.

Methods
Food frequency questionnaire information from a population-based case-control study was used. Daily lignan and flavonoid intakes, expressed as aglycone equivalents, were estimated using Phenol-Explorer and relevant USDA databases. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were performed on data from 324 histologically confirmed cases of papillary or follicular carcinoma, diagnosed from 1993 to 1999, and 402 controls. Polyphenol intakes were analysed as both continuous and categorical variables (quartiles).

Results
Estimated median flavonoid and lignan intakes were 351.0 and 2.6 mg, respectively. When adjusting for sex, age, ethnic community, province of residence, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption and energy intake, no association with differentiated thyroid cancer risk was observed for flavonoids (OR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.70; comparing extreme quartiles), but a negative association was demonstrated for lignans (ORQ4vs.Q1=0.60, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.96; comparing extreme quartiles).

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that lignans may exert a protective effect on differentiated thyroid cancer. However, large-scale cohort studies and further analytical data on lignans are required to confirm this association.

Key messages
Lignans may play a role in thyroid carcinogenesis.
326Flavonoid intake and ischemic stroke incidence in the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Cohort
Authors: Parmenter Ben , Dalgaard Frederik , Murray Kevin , Cassidy Aedin , Bondonno Catherine P , Lewis Joshua R , Croft Kevin D , Kyrø Cecilie , Gislason Gunnar , Scalbert Augustin , Tjønneland Anne , Overvad Kim , Hodgson Jonathan M , Bondonno Nicola P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Flavonoid-rich foods may contribute to a lower risk of ischemic stroke through their anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, and anti-thrombotic properties. We aimed to examine the relationship between flavonoid intake and ischemic stroke incidence in participants from the Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health study.

Methods
In this prospective cohort study, 55,169 Danish citizens without a prior ischemic stroke (median [IQR] age at enrolment of 56 [52 – 60] years), were followed for 21 [20 – 22] years. Baseline flavonoid intake was estimated from food frequency questionnaires using the Phenol-Explorer database. Incident cases of stroke were identified from Danish nation-wide public health registries. Associations between quintiles of flavonoid intake and incident ischemic stroke were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol intake, education, and income.

Results
During follow-up, 4,317 individuals experienced an ischemic stroke. Compared to participants in quintile one and after multivariable adjustments, those in quintile five for intake of total flavonoids, flavonols and oligo+polymers had a 12% [HR (95% CI): 0.88 (0.81, 0.96)], 10% [0.90 (0.82, 0.98)], and 18% [0.82 (0.75, 0.89)], lower risk of ischemic stroke incidence, respectively. Intake of flavan-3-ol monomers, anthocyanins, flavanones and flavones were not associated with incident ischemic stroke.

Conclusions
A moderate habitual intake of flavonoids, in particular the flavonol and flavan-3-ol oligo+polymer subclasses, is associated with a lower risk of ischemic stroke.

Key messages
Flavonoid rich foods appear protective against ischemic stroke.
865The dynamics of SES-related health inequality across the lifecycle and the role of selective mortality
Authors: Petrie Dennis , Allanson Paul , Chen Linkun , Gerdtham Ulf 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The positive cross-sectional association between health and SES often strengthens at younger ages before peaking at middle ages and then weakening at older ages. Selective mortality is a possible reason for the weakening relationship at older ages but current evidence for this is limited.

Methods
This paper uncovers the changing nature of the inter-dependence between SES and health over the lifecycle by further developing and applying longitudinal inequality decomposition techniques which account for mortality. We examine changes in SES-related health inequality for rolling age cohorts by gender for Australia (using the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey) and the United Kingdom (using the Understanding Society survey).

Results
We find for young men in both countries that the simultaneous co-movement in both health and income plays the major role in increasing health inequalities. At middle ages the poor start to lose health more quickly than the rich but at older ages selective mortality plays the major role with the poor more likely to die than the rich which also has an indirect effect of making morbidity losses seem less concentrated among the poor.

Conclusions
Selective mortality plays a major role in weakening the relationship between SES and health at older ages. Past studies have missed identifying the full effect of selective mortality.

Key messages
SES-related health inequalities accumulate throughout the lifecycle, even in older ages.
1305Early chronic inflammation and behavioural problems in children at age two: a longitudinal study
Authors: Pham Cindy , Bekkering Siroon , O'Hely Martin , Thomson Sarah , Collier Fiona , Symeonides Christos , Saffery Richard , Burgner David , Ponsonby Anne-Louise 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Inflammation has been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of adult mental illness and been implicated mechanistically in childhood behavioural problems like internalising and externalising symptoms. High-sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) are biomarkers of chronic low-grade inflammation. We aimed to investigate whether hsCRP and GlycA, and environmental factors that influence these inflammatory biomarkers, were associated with internalising and externalising behaviours in early childhood.

Methods
The Barwon Infant Study is a population-derived birth cohort recruited using an unselected antenatal sampling frame in Victoria, Australia. Infant bloods collected at birth and 12-month were analysed for hsCRP by ELISA and GlycA by NMR. Environmental factors were derived from questionnaires undertaken antenatally to four years postnatally. Internalising and externalising behaviours at age two were measured by the Child Behaviour Checklist. Associations between inflammatory biomarkers and behavioural outcomes were assessed by multivariable regression analyses adjusted for relevant factors.

Results
Increased GlycA levels at birth (GlycAbirth)(β = 5.22 T-score units; 95% confidence interval (CI)(1.22, 9.21; P=0.01) and decreased GlycA levels at 12 months (GlycA12months)(β=-6.47 T-score units; 95% CI(-11.44, -1.50); P=0.01) were associated with increased internalising behaviours at age two. Association persisted for GlycAbirth, but not for GlycA12months when adjusted for GlycA at both time points within the same model. Weak associations were observed for hsCRP at both time points and externalising behaviours at age two.

Conclusions
Our findings document an association between increased GlycAbirth and greater internalising behaviours in children aged two years. Elevated early chronic inflammation may be an important pathway in adverse behavioural development in children.

Key messages
Increased GlycA levels at birth is associated with greater internalising behaviours in children at age two years.
226Health-related quality of life and all-cause mortality among older people: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Phyo Aung Zaw Zaw , Ryan Joanne , Gonzalez-Chica David , McNeil John , Woods Robyn , Nelson Mark , Murray Anne , Lockery Jessica , Gasevic Danijela , Stocks Nigel , Freak-Poli Rosanne ,   On behalf of ASPREE Investigator Group
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a measure of an individual’s self-perceived health status. Few studies have examined HRQoL as a risk factor for mortality. This study examined whether HRQoL predicts all-cause mortality in older community-dwelling individuals from Australia and the United States enrolled in the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial, and if this association varies across gender.

Methods
The 19,106 persons aged 65–98 years and free of known major life-limiting disease, who completed the 12-item short form (SF-12) HRQoL at ASPREE-baseline (2010–2014) were followed prospectively until 2017 for all-cause mortality. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to determine the association between the physical (PCS) and mental component scores (MCS) of HRQoL and all-cause mortality, adjusting for sociodemographic factors, health-related behaviours, and clinical measures.

Results
There were 1,052 deaths over a median 4.7-year of follow-up, with 11.9 events per 1,000 person-years. A 10-unit increase in PCS was associated with a 17% decrease in all-cause mortality (95%CI: 0.77, 0.89). MCS was not associated with all-cause mortality. There was no evidence these associations were different between males and females (P-values for interaction: PCS 0.13 and MCS 0.44).

Conclusions
PCS, but not MCS, was inversely associated with all-cause mortality in this large cohort of healthy older individuals.

Key messages
Our findings support the decision of the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care to incorporate the SF-12 into the routine collection of Patient Reported Outcome Measures as a policy goal for the Australian health system.
741Life expectancy among persons with a disease: the Life Years Lost method and R-package ‘lillies’
Authors: Plana-Ripoll Oleguer , McGrath John J 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Focus of Presentation
Life Years Lost represent the reduction in life expectancy for a group of persons, e.g. those with a disease. Calculation of life expectancy among those with a disease is not straightforward for diseases that are not present at birth, and previous studies considered a fixed age-of-onset, e.g. 15 years. A recently-introduced method takes into account the real age-of-onset, and allows to decompose differences according to different causes of death. The aim of this communication is to introduce the Life Years Lost method and the associated R package ‘lillies’.

Findings
The method uses age at onset for each person with a disease as its starting point and estimates the expected residual lifetime at that age using age-specific mortality rates among the diseased. The number of excess Life Years Lost is estimated by comparing the expected residual lifetime with that of the reference population of same age. A single estimate of excess Life Years Lost is estimated as the average of all the person-specific Life Years Lost, and is interpreted as the average number of Life Years Lost that patients with a given disease experience in excess to those experienced by a reference population of same age.

Conclusions/Implications
The Life Years Lost method provides accurate estimates of reduced life expectancy in persons with a disease and allows to decompose the total reduction into specific causes of death.

Key messages
The implementation of the Life Years Lost method – which can be used with individual-level data (e.g. electronic healthcare records) or summary data – overcomes past limitations in the estimation of life expectancy for time-varying conditions.
1417Geographical differentials and trends in obesity burden in Argentina: a socio-demographic approach
Authors: Aballay Laura Rosana , Baker Julia Wirtz , Haluszka Eugenia , Muñoz Fabián Leonardo , Niclis Camila , Pou Sonia Alejandra 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
In Argentina, there is evidence suggesting the obesity prevalence follows a social gradient. We analyze geographical differentials and trends in obesity burden according to socio-demographic conditions in Argentina (2005-2013).

Methods
The geographical distribution (n = 24 provinces) of the obesity burden in adult population of Argentina in 2005, 2009, and 2013 was analyzed by using mapping techniques. The National Survey of Chronic Diseases Risk Factors datasets were used to estimate and map the age-standardized prevalence of obesity (ASPO) and group-specific prevalence (% obesity) by province and year. Population groups were defined according to socio-demographic factors: age, sex, income level, education, and poverty level (by unsatisfied basic needs –UBN).

Results
Most of the provinces had an increasing ASPO between 2005 and 2013. In 2013, 75% of the provinces showed an ASPO above 20% in men, while 50% of the provinces exceed this ASPO value in women. In both sexes, the middle-aged group presented the most unfavorable situation. Overall, all the socio-demographic groups considered showed growing trends in obesity prevalence, although there were geographical disparities. Among the middle-income level population, a marked rising change was observed from 2009 to 2013. The population with incomplete primary education presented higher prevalence for all the years studied compared to the population with university education.

Conclusions
Since 2005, there was an overall increase in obesity prevalence in Argentina, with persistence of geographical disparities according to socio-demographical conditions.

Key messages
An overall rising trend in obesity prevalence was observed in Argentina.
Geographical disparities by social groups were observed.
1418Geographic disparities in temporal trends for the most prevalent cancer types in Argentina, 1996-2015
Authors: Niclis Camila , Pou Sonia Alejandra , Aballay Laura Rosana , Diaz Maria del Pilar 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
There are significant differences in cancer mortality burden along time and between regions, related to changes in individual and contextual conditions. We aimed to analyze the geographic pattern and temporal trend of cancer mortality in Argentina, simultaneously, by using mapping techniques.

Methods
Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR, direct method) and average annual percent change (APC, joinpoint regression method) in 1996-2015 were estimated for breast, lung, prostate, colon, cervix, stomach and total cancer in Argentina. Mortality maps were constructed (provincial level, n = 24) for the 2013-2015 period, overlapping temporal trend information (1996-2015), using ascending or decreasing arrows for rising (positive) or decreasing (negative) APC, respectively; the arrow size was proportional to the APC magnitude.

Results
Both sexes show a similar geographical pattern in cancer ASMR characterized by higher rates in the central and southern Argentinian provinces, and lower rates in the northern provinces. However, men present higher rates than women (ASMRs between 85-158/100,000 deaths/year, and between 67-99/100,000, respectively). Most of tumour sites presented negative APC in most provinces, with geographical disparities on their magnitude. Nevertheless, lung cancer in women (mean APC=1.4%) and colon cancer (1.5% in men and 2.1% in women) showed increasing mortality trends.

Conclusions
Overall, cancer shows favorable mortality temporal trends, with heterogeneity between provinces in the APC magnitude. Maps suggest that geographical disparities may be linked to social inequalities.

Key messages
Geographical pattern in cancer ASMR was similar by sex, although with higher rates in men. Cancer sites show decreasing mortality trends, except female lung cancer and colon cancer.
1277Reasons for quarantine and positivity rate among quarantined Health Care Workers (HCWs) in North India
Authors: Prashar Naveen , Singh Rahuldeep , Mohindra Ritin , Suri Vikas , Bhalla Ashish , Biswal Manisha , Lakshmi PVM. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
WHO has declared the COVID-19 as Pandemic on 11th March, 2020. It is important to break the chain of transmission by quarantining the persons with high-risk exposure. Understanding the reasons for quarantine will help in reducing the exposures and thus reducing the chances of quarantine.

Methods
A validated risk assessment tool based on National Centre for Disease Control guidelines was used for the risk assessment of HCWs. The forms of HCWs who underwent risk assessment between April-November, 2020 were analyzed for reasons of quarantine. The positivity rates among high-risk and low-risk groups were compared.

Results
Out of 1414 HCWs who were assessed, 345 were categorized as high-risk exposure and were quarantined. The most common reasons for quarantine were performance of aerosol generating procedure without recommended personal protection equipment (PPE) (34%), exposure to COVID-19 positive patient without mask for more than 20 minutes at the distance less than 1 m (30%) and having food/tea together (27%). The positivity rate was 8.4% among high-risk and 1.9% among low-risk exposure group (p-value: &lt;0.001). The positivity among low risk category was more in the second half (19/466; 4.1%) as compared to first half (1/603; 0.2%) of the study period. This might be due to exposure from non-hospital sources as second half coincides with first wave of the pandemic.

Conclusion
Not using recommended PPE and having tea/food breaks together were the most common reasons for quarantine.

Key messages
Strict enforcement of recommended PPE and scattered tea and food breaks can reduce high-risk exposures.
895The Incidence, Prevalence and Life expectancy for prediabetes and diabetes in Hong Kong
Authors: Quan Jianchao , Yuen Yuet Hin , Ng Carmen 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
The increasing global trend of diabetes and prediabetes necessitates timely estimation of disease burden.

Methods
We obtained patient data on demographics, laboratory readings; attendances (inpatient, outpatient and emergency care) and prescribed medications from the Hong Kong Hospital Authority. Age-standardized incidence, prevalence and mortality rates were calculated from 2007 to 2017. Rates were adjusted for age and gender using the Hong Kong 2017 mid-year population as the standard population. Abridged life tables were constructed using the Chiang II method to estimate life expectancy. We applied bootstrapping with resampling to derive confidence intervals.

Results
We identified 604,319 people with type 2 diabetes and 944,522 with prediabetes. Age-standardized incidence for diabetes exhibited an overall decreasing trend from 2007 to 2017, falling from 8.34 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 8.25 to 8.44) to 4.72 per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 4.65 to 4.78). The age-standardized mortality rate for diabetes and prediabetes decreased over the same period. Similar trends were observed for both genders, with females having lower prevalence, incidence and mortality rates compared to males for both diabetes and prediabetes. Life expectancy slightly increased from 2007 to 2017 for people with diabetes.

Conclusions
Decreases in incidence rates and mortality rates for diabetes and prediabetes were observed from 2207 to 2017. Life expectancy for people with type 2 diabetes improved from 2007 to 2017, similar to observed trends in the general population.

Key messages
Despite improvements in mortality rates for people with diabetes, the gap in life expectancy with the general population has not narrowed.
457A mixed methods approach to understanding Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in Munsieville, South Africa
Authors: Quinn Megan , Cummings Colleen , Stinson Jill 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Focus of Presentation
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been shown to increase health risk behaviors and negative health outcomes. ACE surveys have been well documented in high income countries, but have been less widely used in low and middle-income countries. The current project included three phases and used a mixed methods study design to understand ACEs in Munsieville, South Africa. The first phase included focus groups to modify the World Health Organization’s ACE International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ) for cultural competence and relevance. The second phase included a community wide survey using the adapted ACE-IQ. The third phase closed the feedback loop and disseminated the findings to the community to identify steps to build a trauma-informed community.

Findings
Focus groups identified 23 questions and four response options for modification and two questions for deletion. Survey results (N = 917) showed ACEs are common in Munsieville: 53.7% had a guardian die, 30.1% lived with someone who abused substances or alcohol, 54.7% experienced emotional abuse, 41.4% physical abuse, 11.5% reported sexual abuse. Most people did not report their abuse (74.6%). Community violence was common with 75.3% witnessing someone being beaten up and 58.7% witnessing someone being stabbed or shot.

Conclusions/Implications
The community recommended providing training on trauma, creating a center that would serve as a safe, centralized location for services, and identifying key stakeholders and partners in the community to build a trauma-informed system of care.

Key messages
The mixed methods approach proved valuable to understand and describe the prevalence of ACEs, provide feedback to the community, and determine community driven next steps.