bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investor relations in the era of social media: systematic literature review of social media as a strategic corporate disclosure tool
Authors: Nuseir Mohammed , Qasim Amer 
Published: May 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to systematically review how corporations are increasingly using social media to strategically disseminate information to investors, including different research tracks, then identify the gaps to propose future research opportunities.Design/methodology/approachThe authors searched for relevant scholarly work on Scopus and Google Scholar databases published during the period 2000–2020 in English. Both quantitative and qualitative papers were reviewed. Articles were filtered based on their relevance to the study's goal, resulting in the selection of 84 articles. A total of 16 articles were selected for inclusion in the systematic review.FindingsIn light of the existing studies’ limitations, this paper derives and summarizes 16 leading future research tracks. Results indicated that corporations could use social media to reduce information asymmetry between managers and investors. Nevertheless, social media for information disclosure purposes is used in a strategic way, whereby only positive news and voluntary information are disseminated.Research limitations/implicationsThe implications for investors are that they can make better decisions by engaging in the process of “the wisdom of crowd,” which is facilitated by reciprocal communication. The implications for corporations are that sharing earning information through social networking platforms presents them with an opportunity to effectively manage their investors by reducing negative perceptions and increasing market response.Originality/valueAs far as we know, this is the first paper that uses a systematic literature review over the social media research field.
Optimization algorithms and investment portfolio analytics with machine learning techniques under time-varying liquidity constraints
Authors: Al Janabi Mazin A.M. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to examine from commodity portfolio managers’ perspective the performance of liquidity adjusted risk modeling in assessing the market risk parameters of a large commodity portfolio and in obtaining efficient and coherent portfolios under different market circumstances.

Design/methodology/approach
The implemented market risk modeling algorithm and investment portfolio analytics using reinforcement machine learning techniques can simultaneously handle risk-return characteristics of commodity investments under regular and crisis market settings besides considering the particular effects of the time-varying liquidity constraints of the multiple-asset commodity portfolios.

Findings
In particular, the paper implements a robust machine learning method to commodity optimal portfolio selection and within a liquidity-adjusted value-at-risk (LVaR) framework. In addition, the paper explains how the adapted LVaR modeling algorithms can be used by a commodity trading unit in a dynamic asset allocation framework for estimating risk exposure, assessing risk reduction alternates and creating efficient and coherent market portfolios.

Originality/value
The optimization parameters subject to meaningful operational and financial constraints, investment portfolio analytics and empirical results can have important practical uses and applications for commodity portfolio managers particularly in the wake of the 2007–2009 global financial crisis. In addition, the recommended reinforcement machine learning optimization algorithms can aid in solving some real-world dilemmas under stressed and adverse market conditions (e.g. illiquidity, switching in correlations factors signs, nonlinear and non-normal distribution of assets’ returns) and can have key applications in machine learning, expert systems, smart financial functions, internet of things (IoT) and financial technology (FinTech) in big data ecosystems.
Biological production of H2, CH4 and CO2 in the deep subsurface of the Iberian Pyrite Belt
Authors: Sanz Jose L. , Rodriguez Nuria , Escudero Cristina , Carrizo Daniel , Amils Ricardo 
Published: May 2021

SummaryMost of the terrestrial deep subsurfaces are oligotrophic environments in which some gases, mainly H2, CH4 and CO2, play an important role as energy and/or carbon sources. In this work, we assessed their biotic and abiotic origin in samples from subsurface hard‐rock cores of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) at three different depths (414, 497 and 520 m). One set of samples was sterilized (abiotic control) and all samples were incubated under anaerobic conditions. Our results showed that H2, CH4 and CO2 remained low and constant in the sterilized controls while their levels were 4, 4.1 and 2.5 times higher respectively, in the unsterilized samples compared to the abiotic controls. The δ13CCH4‐values measured in the samples (range −31.2 to −43.0 ‰) reveals carbon isotopic signatures that are within the range for biological methane production. Possible microorganisms responsible for the biotic production of the gases were assessed by CARD‐FISH. The analysis of sequenced genomes of detected microorganisms within the subsurface of the IPB allowed to identify possible metabolic activities involved in H2 (Rhodoplanes, Shewanella and Desulfosporosinus), CH4 (Methanobacteriales) and CO2 production. The obtained results suggest that part of the H2, CH4 and CO2 detected in the deep subsurface has a biological origin.
MAP kinase Hog1 mediates a cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase to promote the Sporisorium scitamineum cell survival under oxidative stress
Authors: Cai Enping , Li Lingyu , Deng Yizhen , Sun Shuquan , Jia Huan , Wu Rongrong , Zhang Lianhui , Jiang Zide , Chang Changqing 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe MAP kinase high osmolarity glycerol 1 (Hog1) plays a central role in responding to external oxidative stress in budding yeast Saccchromyces cerevisiae. However, the downstream responsive elements regulated by Hog1 remain poorly understood. In this study, we report that a Sporisorium scitamineum orthologue of Hog1, named as SsHog1, induced transcriptional expression of a putative cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase encoding gene SsCPR1, to antagonize oxidative stress. We found that upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), SsHog1 underwent strikingly phosphorylation, which was proved to be critical for transcriptional induction of SsCPR1. Loss of SsCPR1 led to hypersensitive to oxidative stress similar as the sshog1Δ mutant did, but was resistant to osmotic stress, which is different from the sshog1Δ mutant. On the other hand, overexpression of SsCPR1 in the sshog1Δ mutant could partially restore its ability of oxidative stress tolerance, which indicated that the Hog1 MAP kinase regulates the oxidative stress response specifically through cytochrome P450 (SsCpr1) pathway. Overall, our findings highlight a novel MAPK signalling pathway mediated by Hog1 in regulation of the oxidative stress response via the cytochrome P450 system, which plays an important role in host‐fungus interaction.
Cost‐effectivenessanalysis of radiobasilic and brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Sungur Mehmet Ali , Karaca Okay Güven , Ecevit Ata Niyazi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe evaluated the cost and efficacy of radiobasilic and brachiobasilic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) methods in terms of forearm autogenous arteriovenous access in hemodialysis patients. We used a decision tree to compare the cost‐effectiveness of proximal radiobasilic AVF (pRBAVF) and brachiobasilic AVF (BBAVF), considering the mean direct medical costs and patency rates. The overall mean cost of pRBAVF per patient (1767.59 Turkish lira [TL]) was lower than that of BBAVF (1877.99 TL). Also, the mean patency duration per patient was higher for pRBAVF (25.72 months) than BBAVF (20.21 months). The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) showed that pRBAVF was 20.04‐fold more effective than BBAVF. The monthly ICERs also favored pRBAVF, which was less costly and more effective. The pRBAVF provided clinical and economic benefits for hemodialysis patients requiring forearm autogenous arteriovenous access. pRBAVF was more effective in terms of patency than BBAVF, and was also less expensive.
Extreme climatic events affect populations of Asian chestnut gall wasps, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, but do not stop the spread
Authors: Lombardero Maria J. , Castedo‐Dorado Fernando , Ayres Matthew P. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Global climate change affects the frequency of extreme weather events that can influence plant–insect interactions.
We evaluated how the late‐spring frost and severe drought that occurred in Spain in 2017 affected interactions between the invasive gall insect, Dryocosmus kuriphilus, and the native tree, Castanea sativa. We assessed effects on insect survival, fertility, population growth, and effects through changes in tree palatability and in other pests and pathogens.
Late‐spring frost reduced D. kuriphilus to 25–40% of previous abundance. Wasp populations recovered rapidly (>7‐fold in 3 years), consistent with density‐dependence in population dynamics.
Larvae affected by freeze or drought were smaller. Female fecundity was affected by the freeze 1 year later.
Late‐spring frosts and severe drought affected leaf size and physiology. Water content was higher within galls, but nitrogen was higher within galls in non‐freeze plots after weather conditions improved.
Freezing also influenced the secondary chemistry of leaves. Phenol concentrations were lower, and terpenes higher, in frozen plots, while condensed tannins remained the same. Condensed tannins were reduced to half in the drought year.
Freezing had limited effects on damage from other pests and pathogens.
Our work expands understanding of how climate and weather affects forest pests.
Population pharmacokinetics of raxibacumab in healthy adult subjects
Authors: Oosterholt Sean P. , Della Pasqua Oscar 
Published: May 2021

AimsRaxibacumab is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction of Bacillus anthracis toxins, thereby protecting target cells from its effects. Raxibacumab is approved in the USA for the treatment of adults and children with inhalational anthrax in combination with antibiotics, and for prophylaxis of inhalational anthrax. The aim of this investigation was to characterise the population pharmacokinetics and assess the effect of baseline demographic covariates on the disposition of raxibacumab.MethodsThe data used for this analysis were obtained from 3 clinical trials and include 2229 blood samples from 322 healthy subjects who were randomised to receive a 40 mg/kg intravenous dose of raxibacumab over a period of 2.25 hours. Population pharmacokinetic modelling was performed using a nonlinear mixed effects approach. Secondary parameters of interest were the area under the curve, maximum concentration and the time of serum raxibacumab concentrations greater than or equimolar to the highest serum protective antigen concentrations observed for at least 28 days in any monkey challenged with B. anthracis that died.ResultsRaxibacumab exposure in healthy subjects was described by a 2‐compartment model. Interindividual variability was estimated for all model parameters, whilst residual variability was described by a proportional and additive error model. Weight was the only influential covariate with significant effect on disposition parameters.ConclusionsA dose of 40 mg/kg provided comparable exposure across the overall healthy subject population. Interindividual variability in raxibacumab vs. time profiles could partially be accounted for by differences in body weight.
Vesico‐urethral anastomosis sampling: a forgotten tool for guiding salvage radiation after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Timm Brennan , Farag Matthew , Liodakis Peter , Angus David , Lim Joon Daryl , Bolton Damien 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo review the utility of vesicourethral anastomosis (VUA)‐directed biopsy in the setting of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP) for prostate cancer (PCa) in patients who have undergone evaluation by gallium‐68 prostate‐specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography with computed tomography (68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT).MethodsWe completed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained dataset from January 2015 to August 2020. Patient demographics were recorded for those who experienced BCR, as defined by a rise in prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level to above 0.2 ng/mL, who had a 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT that did not demonstrate recurrence within the prostate bed, and who subsequently underwent a transperineal ultrasonography (TPUS)‐guided biopsy directed at the VUA. Histological reporting of the biopsies was undertaken in order to determine whether the benefits of salvage radiation therapy (SRT) could be justified by the presence of cancer cells.ResultsEighteen patients who had a 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT and underwent VUA‐directed biopsy were identified as having BCR. 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT scans demonstrated avidity at the VUA in none of the patients, although two out of 18 patients showed avidity in the seminal vesicles and two out of 18 patients showed avidity within regional lymph nodes. Histology from the TPUS‐guided, VUA‐directed biopsies demonstrated no prostatic tissue in six out of 18 and presence of prostatic tissue in 12 out of 18 of patients, respectively. In 7 out of 18 cases, there was histological evidence of recurrent PCa at the VUA in the absence of a positive 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT scan.ConclusionThis study highlights the potential value of VUA‐directed biopsy. We are reminded that a negative 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT does not exclude local recurrence and that the addition of a VUA‐directed biopsy may aid in the decision‐making process for patients with BCR following RP, especially when 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT is locally negative. When the result of both 68Ga‐PSMA PET/CT and VUA‐directed biopsy are negative, it should encourage clinicians to share decision‐making in regard to undertaking SRT vs continuing BCR surveillance. This may delay the possible side effects associated with SRT, despite its excellent PSA failure‐free survival rate.
Uncovering the signalling, structure and function of the 20‐HETE‐GPR75 pairing: Identifying the chemokine CCL5 as a negative regulator of GPR75
Authors: Pascale Jonathan V. , Park Eon Joo , Adebesin Adeniyi Michael , Falck John R. , Schwartzman Michal Laniado , Garcia Victor 
Published: May 2021

Background and PurposeThe G‐protein‐coupled receptor GPR75 (Gq) and its ligand, the cytochrome P450‐derived vasoactive eicosanoid 20‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20‐HETE), are involved in the activation of pro‐inflammatory and hypertensive signalling cascades contributing to diabetes, obesity, vascular dysfunction/remodelling, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Little is known as to how, where and with what affinity 20‐HETE interacts with GPR75.Experimental ApproachTo better understand the pairing of 20‐HETE and its receptor (GPR75), we used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to determine binding affinity/kinetics. The PRESTO‐Tango receptor‐ome methodology for GPR75 overexpression was coupled with FLIPR Calcium 6 assays, homogeneous time‐resolved fluorescence (HTRF) IP‐1 and β‐arrestin recruitment assays to determine receptor activation and downstream signalling events.Key ResultsSPR confirmed 20‐HETE binding to GPR75 with an estimated KD of 1.56 × 10−10 M. In GPR75‐transfected HTLA cells, 20‐HETE stimulated intracellular Ca2+ levels, IP‐1 accumulation and β‐arrestin recruitment, all of which were negated by known 20‐HETE functional antagonists. Computational modelling of the putative ligand‐binding pocket and mutation of Thr212 within the putative 20‐HETE binding site abolished 20‐HETE's ability to stimulate GPR75 activation. Knockdown of GPR75 in human endothelial cells nullified 20‐HETE‐stimulated intracellular Ca2+. The chemokine CCL5, a suggested GPR75 ligand, binds to GPR75 (KD of 5.85 × 10−10 M) yet fails to activate GPR75; however, it inhibited 20‐HETE's ability to activate GPR75 signalling.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe have identified 20‐HETE as a high‐affinity ligand for GPR75 and CCL5 as a low‐affinity negative regulator of GPR75, providing additional evidence for the deorphanization of GPR75 as a 20‐HETE receptor.
The better route to global tax coordination: Gradualism or multilateralism?
Authors: Konrad Kai A. , Thum Marcel 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe compare the success probability of multilateral negotiations and sequential negotiations over international tax cooperation. To make this difference relevant, we introduce incomplete information as a friction that can lead to bargaining failure. We find plausible conditions for when multilateral negotiations are more likely to achieve full global tax coordination than a gradual/sequential approach. We also compare different routes of sequential bargaining. We ask whether negotiations should start with countries that are the most unpredictable candidates or the most difficult negotiation should be preserved for the final round. We find that sequencing along this dimension matters. Under plausible conditions, full cooperation is least likely to emerge if the negotiations with the most unpredictable country take place last.
Dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons promote arousal from isoflurane anesthesia
Authors: Li Ao , Li Rui , Ouyang Pengrong , Li Huihui , Wang Sa , Zhang Xinxin , Wang Dan , Ran Mingzi , Zhao Guangchao , Yang Qianzi , Zhu Zhenghua , Dong Hailong , Zhang Haopeng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsGeneral anesthesia has been widely applied in surgical or nonsurgical medical procedures, but the mechanism behind remains elusive. Because of shared neural circuits of sleep and anesthesia, whether serotonergic system, which is highly implicated in modulation of sleep and wakefulness, regulates general anesthesia as well is worth investigating.MethodsImmunostaining and fiber photometry were used to assess the neuronal activities. Electroencephalography spectra and burst‐suppression ratio (BSR) were used to measure anesthetic depth and loss or recovery of righting reflex to indicate the induction or emergence time of general anesthesia. Regulation of serotonergic system was achieved through optogenetic, chemogenetic, or pharmacological methods.ResultsWe found that both Fos expression and calcium activity were significantly decreased during general anesthesia. Activation of 5‐HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) decreased the depth of anesthesia and facilitated the emergence from anesthesia, and inhibition deepened the anesthesia and prolonged the emergence time. Furthermore, agonism or antagonism of 5‐HT 1A or 2C receptors mimicked the effect of manipulating DRN serotonergic neurons.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that 5‐HT neurons in the DRN play a regulative role of general anesthesia, and activation of serotonergic neurons could facilitate emergence from general anesthesia partly through 5‐HT 1A and 2C receptors.
Alemtuzumab‐induced Alopecia areata – a case report and systematic literature review of adverse events associated with Alemtuzumab
Authors: Dikeoulia Elsa , Neufeld Matthias , Pawlitzki Marc , Böhm Markus 
Published: May 2021

SummaryAlemtuzumab is currently approved for the treatment of active relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Despite the efficacy of this therapy several side effects in the skin have been noted during or after infusion including vitiligo, alopecia areata, malignant skin tumors and infections. Awareness of these effects and their treatment is of essential interdisciplinary importance. This minireview provides an overview of the dermatological side effects described in the current literature. We also suggest pathomechanisms underlying these phenomena. To introduce this review, we present the case of a woman with RRMS who developed severe alopecia areata for the first time on alemtuzumab.
Inadvertent hypothermia after endovascular therapy is not associated with improved outcome in stroke due to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion
Authors: Hartmann Christian , Winzer Simon , Pallesen Lars‐Peder , Prakapenia Alexandra , Siepmann Timo , Moustafa Haidar , Theilen Hermann , Barlinn Jessica , Gerber Johannes C. , Linn Jennifer , Reichmann Heinz , Barlinn Kristian , Puetz Volker 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and purposeHypothermia may be neuroprotective in acute ischemic stroke. Patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (acLVO) are frequently hypothermic after endovascular therapy (EVT). We sought to determine whether this inadvertent hypothermia is associated with improved outcome.MethodsWe extracted data of consecutive patients (January 2016 to May 2019) who received EVT for acLVO from our prospective EVT register of all patients screened for EVT at our tertiary stroke center. We assessed functional outcome at 3 months and performed multivariate analysis to calculate adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) for favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale scores = 0–2) and mortality across patients who were hypothermic (<36°C) and patients who were normothermic (≥36°C to <37.6°C) after EVT. Moreover, we compared the frequency of complications between these groups.ResultsAmong 837 patients screened, 416 patients received EVT for acLVO and fulfilled inclusion criteria (200 [48.1%] male, mean age = 76 ± 16 years, median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score = 16, interquartile range [IQR] = 12–20). Of these, 209 patients (50.2%) were hypothermic (median temperature = 35.2°C, IQR = 34.7–35.7) and 207 patients were normothermic (median temperature = 36.4°C, IQR = 36.1–36.7) after EVT. In multivariate analysis, hypothermia was not associated with favorable outcome (aRR = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75–1.31) and mortality (aRR = 1.18, 95% CI = 0.84–1.66). More hypothermic patients suffered from pneumonia (36.4% vs. 25.6%, p = 0.02) and bradyarrhythmia (52.6% vs. 16.4%, p < 0.001), whereas thromboembolic events were distributed evenly (5.7% vs. 6.8%, not significant).ConclusionsInadvertent hypothermia after EVT for acLVO is not associated with improved functional outcome or reduced mortality but is associated with an increased rate of pneumonia and bradyarrhythmia in patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Structural transmissions among investor attention, stock market volatility and trading volumes
Authors: Herwartz Helmut , Xu Fang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe employ data‐based approaches to identify the transmissions of structural shocks among investor attention measured by Google search queries, realised volatilities and trading volumes in the United States, the United Kingdom and the German stock market. The two identification approaches adopted for the structural vector autoregressive analysis are based on independent component analysis and the informational content of disproportional variance changes. Our results show robust evidence that investors' attention affects both volatilities and trading volumes contemporaneously, whereas the latter two variables lack immediate impacts on investors' attention. Some movements in investors' attention can be traced back to market sentiment.