bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different sequential chemical treatments used to obtain bleached cellulose from orange bagasse
Authors: Pereira Paulo Henrique Fernandes , Fernandes Luana , Santos Liziane , Benini Kelly , Pereira Bárbara , Ornaghi Heitor , Cioffi Maria Odila 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The development of efficient pretreatments is widely used in biobased products aiming to add value to the residue. In this study, orange bagasse is investigated for cellulose extraction under moderate chemical sequential extraction conditions. Three pretreatments are evaluated: alkaline treatment, organosolv, and residue insoluble alcohol. After, all pretreated samples are bleached. The results are analyzed by chemical composition, Fourier–transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. In general, similar results are observed for all bleaching samples, independently of the pretreatment. It is observed a similar cellulose amount among the samples. When compared only to the pretreatments, alkaline shows to be a more effective way of presenting a higher crystallinity index. Hemicellulose and lignin are mostly removed after pretreatment. FTIR and XRD indicated that the pretreatment seems to be more effective in the first step. TG curves presented a more homogeneous pattern due to cellulose removal showing three steps for pre-treatment and two steps for bleached samples. The obtained cellulose has numerous potential applications, and a suitable route can be selected according to available reagents.
Crowdsourced Manufacturing Cyber Platform and Intelligent Cognitive Assistants for Delivery of Manufacturing as a Service: Review of Fundamental Issues and Outlook
Authors: Gong Xuejian , Jiao Jianxin Roger , Jariwala Amit , Morkos Beshoy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Future cyber manufacturing is envisioned to be fulfilled in a crowdsourcing environment that will engage a large population of manufacturer crowds to collaborate with the cyber platform on a shared understanding of the tasks for delivering manufacturing as a service (MaaS). This review paper is motivated towards a symbiosis of crowdsourcing cyber platform technologies to enhance intelligent decision support to manufacturing planning for achieving MaaS operational goals. The paper reviews the fundamental issues of MaaS through crowdsourcing from a model-based systems engineering perspective that is in line with a systematic framework of platform-driven MaaS. Also discussed is the outlook of analytic and model-based approach for crowdsourced manufacturing in order to enable new cyber manufacturing capabilities that represent a significant transformation of the manufacturing sector. The vision is to facilitate transition from the current practice of focusing on automation and manufacturing informatics within individual enterprise to open manufacturing crowds throughout the cloud platform to fulfill MaaS. The cyber platform and intelligent cognitive assistants enhance MaaS fulfilment by adopting computational modeling and decision analytics to exploit the implicit design and manufacturing knowledge that is incorporated in the library of previously executed manufacturing tasks, which in turn facilitates generation of manufacturing process plans by parametric adjustment of process plans for similar tasks.
How Low Can You Go? Examining the Effects of Brief Online Training and Post-Training Consultation Dose on Implementation Mechanisms and Outcomes for Measurement-Based Care
Authors: Lyon Aaron R , Liu Freda F. , Connors Elizabeth H. , King Kevin M. , Coifman Jessica I. , Cook Heather , McRee Erin , Ludwig Kristy , Law Amy , Dorsey Shannon , McCauley Elizabeth 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Initial training and ongoing post-training consultation are among the most common implementation strategies used to change clinician practice. However, extant research has not experimentally investigated the optimal dosages of consultation necessary to produce desired outcomes. Moreover, the degree to which training and consultation engage theoretical implementation mechanisms – such as provider knowledge, skills, and attitudes – is not well understood. This study examined the effects of a brief online training and varying dosages of post-training consultation (BOLT+PTC) on implementation mechanisms and outcomes for measurement-based care (MBC) practices delivered in education sector mental health services. Methods: A national sample of 75 clinicians who provide mental health interventions to children and adolescents in schools were randomly assigned to BOLT+PTC or control (services as usual). Those in BOLT+PTC were further randomized to 2-, 4-, or 8- week consultation conditions. Self-reported MBC knowledge, skills, attitudes, and use (including standardized assessment, individualized assessment, and assessment-informed treatment modification) were collected for 32 weeks. Multilevel models were used to examine main effects of BOLT+PTC versus control on MBC use at the end of consultation and over time, as well as comparisons among PTC dosage conditions and theorized mechanisms (skills, attitudes, knowledge). Results: There was a significant linear effect of BOLT+PTC over time on standardized assessment use (b = .02, p < .01), and a significant quadratic effect of BOLT+PTC over time on individualized assessment use (b = .04, p < .001), but no significant effect on treatment modification. BOLT + any level of PTC resulted in higher MBC knowledge and larger growth in MBC skill over the intervention period as compared to control. PTC dosage levels were inconsistently predictive of outcomes, providing no clear evidence for added benefit of higher PTC dosage. Conclusions: Online training and consultation in MBC had effects on standardized and individualized assessment use among clinicians as compared to services as usual with no consistent benefit detected for increased consultation dosage. Continued research investigating optimal dosages and mechanisms of these established implementation strategies is needed to ensure training and consultation resources are deployed efficiently to impact clinician practices.Clinical Trial Registration: Not applicable.
Volumetric Study Reveals the Relationship Between Outcome and Early Radiographic Response During Bevacizumab-Containing Chemoradiotherapy for Unresectable Glioblastoma
Authors: Takigawa Kosuke , Hata Nobuhiro , Michiwaki Yuhei , Hiwatashi Akio , Yonezawa Hajime , Kuga Daisuke , Hatae Ryusuke , Sangatsuda Yuhei , Fujioka Yutaka , Funakoshi Yusuke , Otsuji Ryosuke , Sako Aki , Togao Osamu , Yoshiura Takashi , Yoshimoto Koji , Mizoguchi Masahiro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Although we have shown the clinical benefit of bevacizumab (BEV) in the treatment of unresectable newly diagnosed glioblastomas (nd-GBMs), the relationship between early radiographic response and survival outcome remains unclear. We performed a volumetric study of the early radiographic responses in nd-GBMs treated with BEV.Methods: Twenty-two patients with unresectable nd-GBM treated with BEV during concurrent temozolomide radiotherapy were analyzed. Early responses in fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) and gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images (GdT1WI) were interpreted by an experienced neuroradiologist. Volumetric changes were evaluated using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and GdT1WI according to the Response assessment in neuro-oncology (RANO) criteria. The results were categorized into improved (complete response [CR] or partial response [PR]) or non-improved (stable disease [SD] or progressive disease [PD]) groups; outcomes were compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis.Results: The volumetric GdT1WI improvement was a significant predictive factor for overall survival (OS) prolongation (p=0.0093, median OS: 24.7 vs. 13.6 months); however, FLAIR and DWI images were not predictive. The threshold for the neuroradiologist-interpretation of improvement in GdT1WI was nearly 20% of volume reduction, which was lesser than 50%, the definition of PR applied in RANO criteria; however, even less stringent neuroradiologist-interpretation could successfully predict OS prolongation (improved vs. non-improved: p=0.0067, median OS: 17.6 vs. 8.3 months). Significant impact of OS on the early response in volumetric GdT1WI was observed within the cut-off range of 20 to 50% (20%, p=0.0315; 30%, p=0.087; 40%, p=0.0456).Conclusions: Early response during BEV-containing chemoradiation can be a predictive indicator for patient outcome in unresectable nd-GBMs.
LINC 01436 is Overexpressed in Colorectal Cancer and Promotes Cancer Cell Proliferation by Suppressing the Maturation of Tumor Suppressive miR-466
Authors: Li Hong , Dong Wei , Hou Jie , He De 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
LINC 01436 (lncRNA) promotes lung and gastric two types of cancers. However, it is unclear that whether this lncRNA also participate in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study was therefore carried out to analyze the role of LINC 01436 in CRC. Expression of LINC 01436 in CRC patient tissues was analyzed by RT-qPCR and follow-up study was performed for prognostic analysis. Correlation between LINC 01436 and mature miR-466 or miR-466 precursor was analyzed by linear regression. Mature miR-466 and miR-466 precursor expression in CRC cells with the overexpression of LINC 01436 was studied by performing RT-qPCR. The proliferation of CRC cells was subjected to CCK-8 assay analysis. LINC 01436 was upregulated in CRC and predicted poor survival. LINC 01436 and mature miR-466 were inversely correlated, but LINC 01436 and miR-466 precursor were not correlated. In CRC cells, LINC 01436 mediated the downregulation of mature miR-466, but not miR-466 precursor. Cell proliferation analysis showed that LINC 01436 overexpression rescued cell proliferation reduced by miR-466. LINC 01436 is overexpressed in CRC and it may promote cancer cell proliferation by suppressing the maturation of miR-466.
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis With Alveolar Hemorrhage and Ruptured Renal Aneurysm: a Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Deng Wang , Zhou Zhi-Yu , Liu Xi , Luo Xiao-Qing , Tong Jin , Wang Dao-Xin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is characterized by necrotizing damage of small -vessel vasculitis and the main violation of the kidney or lung. Manifestation of alveolar hemorrhage and renal aneurysm is extremely rare in Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).Case presentation: A 50-year-old Chinese man was admitted due to repeated cough, expectoration, fever and shortness of breath. A chest computed tomography (CT) scan showed bilateral infiltrates in the lower lobe of the lung. GPA was considered based on the pulmonary capillaritis, alveolar hemorrhage, renal insufficiency and cANCA -PR3 positivity. Immunosuppressive therapy combined with plasma exchange (PE) was performed. The patient suffered from a rupture of renal aneurysm. Though selective renal arterial embolization was performed, the patient had a poor outcome. Conclusions: GPA could be life-threatening, especially large vessel vasculitis involved. The possibility of aneurysmal rupture should be carefully considered and checked frequently in the condition of immunosuppressive therapy.
Adaptation of the INTERGROWTH-21st Neurodevelopment Assessment (INTER-NDA) to the Context of the English-speaking Caribbean
Authors: Waechter Randall , Evans Roberta , Hanna Sean , Murray Toni , Mobley Cassandra , Holmes Stephanie , Isaac Rashida , Wolfe Rebeca , Andrew Elbernezer , Landon Barbara , Fernandes Michelle 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Adaptation of standardized early child development (ECD) assessments to low- and middle-income countries can be challenging because of culture specific factors relating to language, content, context, and tool administration, and because the reliance of these tests on specialist healthcare professionals limits their scalability in low resource settings. We report the cross-cultural adaptation of an international, standardized ECD instrument, the INTERGROWTH-21st Project Neurodevelopment Assessment (INTER-NDA), measuring cognitive, language, motor and behavioural outcomes in 2-year-olds, from a UK-based English-speaking population to the English-speaking Caribbean. Children aged 20–30 months were recruited from a pre-existing randomized controlled neurodevelopment intervention study in Grenada, West Indies. Eight of 37 INTER-NDA items (22%) were culturally and linguistically adapted for implementation in the Caribbean context. Protocol adherence across seven newly-trained non-specialist child development assessors was 89.9%; six of the seven assessors scored ≥ 80%. Agreement between the expert assessor and the non-specialist child development assessors was substantial (κ = 0.89 to 1.00 (95% CI [0.58, 1.00]). The inter-rater and test-retest reliability for non-specialist child development assessors was between κ = 0.99 -1.00 (95% CI [0.98, 0.99]) and κ = 0.76–1.00 (95% CI [0.33, 1.00]) across all INTER-NDA domains.
Implementation of Real Time Hybrid Simulation Based on GPU Computing
Authors: Tang Zhenyun , Dong Xiaohui , Li Zhenbao , Du Xiuli 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
With combination of physical experiment and numerical simulation, real-time hybrid simulation (RTHS) can enlarge the dimensions of testing specimens and improve the testing accuracy. However, due to the limitation of computing capacity, the maximum degrees of freedom for numerical substructure are less than 2000 from the reported RTHS testing. It cannot meet the testing requirements for evaluating the dynamic performance of large and complex engineering structures. Taking advantages of parallel computing toolbox (PCT) in Matlab and high-performance computing of graphics processing unit (GPU). A RTHS framework based on MATLAB and GPU was established in this work. Using this framework, a soil-structure interaction system (SSI) was tested by a shaking table based RTHS. Meanwhile, the dynamic response of this SSI system was simulated by finite element analysis. The comparison of simulation and testing results demonstrated that the proposed testing framework can implement RTHS testing successfully. Using this method, the maximum degrees of freedom for numerical substructure can reach to 27,000, which significantly enhance the testing capacity of RTHS testing for large and complex engineering structures.
Chaotic Dynamics of a Tri-Topic Food Chain Model with Beddington-DeAngelis Functional Response in Presence of Fear Effect
Authors: Debnath Surajit , Majumdar Prahlad , Sarkar Susmita , Ghosh Uttam 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The most important fact in the field of theoretical ecology and evolutionary biology is the strategy of predation for predators and the avoidance of prey from predator attack. A lot of experimental works suggest that the reduction of prey depends on both direct predation and fear of predation. We explore the impact of fear effect and mutual interference into a three-species food chain model. In this manuscript, we have considered a tri-topic food web model with Beddington-DeAngelis functional response between interacting species, incorporating the reduction of prey and intermediate predator growth because of the fear of intermediate and top predator respectively. We have provided parametric conditions on the existence of biologically feasible equilibria as well as their local and global stability also. We have established conditions of transcritical, saddle-node and Hopf bifurcation in vicinity of different equilibria. Finally, we performed some numerical investigations to justify analytical findings.Mathematics Subject Classification : 39A30, 92D25, 92D50.
Time Blast Wave Theory for the Expansion of the Universe
Authors: Jarvis G K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A new theory is presented and tested that time itself is the phenomenon that causes the expansion of the universe and that without expansion, time would simply not be. The model of the theory accurately matches observed cosmological luminosity data consequently accurately describing the observed expansion of the universe. The theory implies that the universe exploded outwards within the dimension of time with all particles expanding from this event within a time blast sphere. Each space dimension is wrapped around the time dimension and every object that is gravitationally separate within the time blast-wave will progress on their own time trajectory of time away from time zero. This has the effect that all objects will expand or move apart as the time sphere expands. We observe distant, and therefore historic, objects on a spiral timeline. We have modelled the theory and shown strong agreement with luminosity observations both at low and high redshift without the need for a cosmological constant thus indicating that the universe is not accelerating in its expansion. The model in fact predicts it is decelerating. The theory also predicts that the unperturbed speed of time expansion will impose a limit on the universe in terms of the fastest speed possible and the speed that light must always travel at. With this limit and as no object can ever be stationary in the time dimension, but that faster and heavier objects will expand less, the theory consequently leads us to explain why special and general relativity occur. Gravity can be explained by the clumping of matter into the dimension of time causing a localised slowing of expansion subsequently causing time dilation and thus resulting in an attractive force with other objects. By this theory, black holes are not singularities but are simply dimples on the time blast wave front.
Absence of Survival Improvement for Patients with Esthesioneuroblastoma Over the Past Two Decades: A Population-based Study
Authors: Vuong Huy Gia , Nguyen Duy Duc , El-Rassi Edward , Ngo Tam N. M. , Dunn Ian F. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) is a rare malignancy of the sinonasal tract and its infrequency has confounded efforts at clearly describing the survival trends associated with this neoplasm over the years. In this study, we studied survival trends in ENB and investigated the impact of treatment extent and modality on patient outcomes.Methods: We accessed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) program to identify ENB cases from 1998 to 2016. A Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical covariates whereas a t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was utilized for continuous variables. The impact of prognostic factors on survival was computed using a Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. We divided ENB patients into four periods including 1998-2002, 2003-2007, 2008-2012, and 2013-2016, and investigated survival trends using the Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test.Results: ENB patients who underwent biopsy alone were associated with older age, larger tumor diameter, increased rates of tumor extension, nodal/distant metastases, and advanced stages as compared to patients undergoing tumor resection. Our results also demonstrated that surgical resection and adjuvant radiotherapy could confer survival advantages whereas chemotherapy was associated with reduced survival in patients with ENB. Over the past two decades, surprisingly, there has been no change in survival rates for patient with ENB (p = 0.793).Conclusion: Despite advanced diagnostic studies and modernized treatment approaches, ENB survival has remained unchanged over the years, calling for improved efforts to develop appropriate individualized interventions for this rare tumor entity. Our results also confirmed that surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy is associated with improved patient survival whereas the use of chemotherapy should be considered carefully.
Psychological interventions of virtual gamification as a motivational basis: A mixed-method systematic review
Authors: Xu Joy , Lio Aaron , Dhaliwal Harshdeep , Andrei Sorina , Balakrishnan Shakthika , Nagani Uzhma , Samadder Sudipta 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDStudents constantly seek ways to improve productivity within academia. With the advancement of technology in the recent decade, virtual implementations may provide additional support for student productivity, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic with online learning. One of the virtual realms for motivation include gamification, which has potential as an effective tool to further bolster an individual’s source of intrinsic motivation.METHODUsing a convergent integrated synthesis approach, qualitative and quantitative studies were extracted from APA PsycInfo, ProQuest, and IEEE for relevance to virtual gamification and intrinsic motivation. Studies were reviewed based on a pre-determined and piloted screening tool. Included studies were published between 1990 and 2020 in English within Asia, North America, and/or Europe. Only systematic reviews, randomized control trials (RCTs), metaanalysis, and grey literature were included. Study screening, extraction, and quality appraisals using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) were performed independently among two authors. Disagreements following reconciliation between two authors were settled by a third author. Heterogeneity in study designs, outcomes, and measurements precluded meta and statistical analyses; thus, a qualitative analysis of studies was provided.RESULTSBased on the appraised articles, gamification improves intrinsic motivation through badges, social interactions, points, and leaderboards. Experimental studies also displayed a correlation between learning behaviour.CONCLUSIONThe data exhibited an increase in intrinsic motivation due to gamification features, which can be integrated within a virtual context to enhance motivation with potential for application towards online learning settings.
Mechanochemistry of Phosphate Esters Confined between Sliding Iron Surfaces
Authors: Latorre Carlos Ayestarán , Remias Joseph , Moore Joshua , Spikes Hugh , Dini Daniele , Ewen James 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Small changes to the molecular structure of lubricant additives affect their adsorption and dissociation behaviour at the nanoscale, as well as their friction and wear performance at the macroscale. Here, we show using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations with a reactive force field that secondary trialkylphosphates dissociate much faster than primary trialkylphosphates between sliding iron surfaces. For both molecules, dissociative chemisorption proceeds through cleavage of the carbon − oxygen bond. The rate increases exponentially with temperature and stress, which is indicative of a stress-augmented thermally activated process. Both molecules show similar activation energy and activation volume. The much higher reactivity of secondary trialkylphosphates is driven mostly by the pre-exponential factor, which is almost an order of magnitude larger than for primary trialkylphosphates. These observations and the associated kinetic parameters are consistent with recent macroscale tribometer experiments of the antiwear additive zinc dialkyldithiophosphate. This study represents a crucial step towards the virtual screening of lubricant additives with different substituents for optimal tribological performance.