bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CFD Comparative Study on Bended and 2D Airfoils on HAWT Performance
Authors: Yassin Ahmed H S , Shabaan Sameh M , Khaled Amany 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The design of a conventional horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) is based on the aerodynamic characteristics of a two-dimensional (2D) airfoil. The rotational motion and the consequent aerodynamic effects, of HAWT’s rotor, do not guarantee an optimal design point that matches the 2D airfoil characteristics. The present work studies the diversion of the flow due to the spanwise velocity component in a rotating reference frame. It suggests that a slight deviation in the flow away from the chordwise direction could alternate the characteristics of the airfoil profile. A bended profile with a circular arc was extracted from a baseline rotating blade, flattened, and modelled against the 2D S826 airfoil. The results show a substantial discrepancy in the airfoil characteristics which could influence the turbine efficiency. Therefore, it suggests using a pre-bended airfoil (3D) while modeling the blade, so the circular section will match the correct airfoil coordinates. The proposed bended-profile version was modeled against the baseline blade. This novel blade shows an augmentation in the power coefficient up to 5.4% starting from the design point to high tip speed ratios (TSR) and low wind speeds.
Novel boriding technique of low-carbon steel weldments
Authors: Eldarwesh Ahmed M. A. , Khaled Amany , Moussa Tarek M. , Atia Mostafa R. A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBoriding is considered one of the essential surface treatments for carbon steels during the last decades. The conventional methods of boriding are subjected to many limitations due to the sophisticated setup and the time-consuming treatment. Therefore, less complex methods and less time consumption are the main research objectives past couple of years. This research suggests an enhanced boriding surface treatment technique for low carbon steel. The advantages of the proposed method include the reduction of boriding process time through the development of new boron rich compounds which consequently eliminates the need of specially designed furnaces. The illustrated outputs reveal promising results without sacrificing the physical properties. The proposed technique was carried out experimentally. Depth of penetration and microhardness were measured and compared with results from previous literature. Some trials have shown 35 µm depth of penetration of boron layer at 30 min treatment time associated with micro-hardness up to 2388 HV.
Beam test results of silicon sensor module prototypes for the Phase-2 Upgrade of the CMS Outer Tracker
Authors: Koppenhöfer R. , Barvich T. , Braach J. , Dierlamm A. , Husemann U. , Maier S. , Müller Th. , Neufeld M. , Nürnberg A. , Simonis H. , Steck P. , Wittig F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The start of the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) in 2027 requires upgrades to the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. In the scope of the upgrade program the complete silicon tracking detector will be replaced. The new CMS Tracker will be equipped with silicon pixel detectors in the inner layers closest to the interaction point and silicon strip detectors in the outer layers. The new CMS Outer Tracker will consist of two different kinds of detector modules called PS and 2S modules. Each module will be made of two parallel silicon sensors (a macro-pixel sensor and a strip sensor for the PS modules and two strip sensors for the 2S modules). Combining the hit information of both sensor layers, it is possible to estimate the transverse momentum of particles in the magnetic field of 3.8 T at the full bunch-crossing rate of 40 MHz directly on the module. This information will be used as an input for the first trigger stage of CMS. It is necessary to validate the Outer Tracker module functionality before installing the modules in the CMS experiment. Besides laboratory-based tests several 2S module prototypes have been studied at test beam facilities at CERN, DESY and FNAL. This article concentrates on the beam tests at DESY during which the functionality of the module concept was investigated using the full final readout chain for the first time. Additionally the performance of a 2S module assembled with irradiated sensors was studied. By choosing an irradiation fluence expected for 2S modules at the end of HL-LHC operation, it was possible to investigate the particle detection efficiency and study the trigger capabilities of the module at the beginning and end of the runtime of the CMS experiment.
State-level response to gabapentin misuse in the United States: Implications and future direction
Authors: Karavolis Zoe A , Su Andrew B , Peckham Alyssa M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Gabapentin misuse is on the rise and has forced many US states to mobilize policies to address this public health concern. The purpose of this manuscript is to update state-level gabapentin misuse–related policies in the US through September 1, 2021, discuss the benefits and risks of current measures, and highlight gaps in national response.

Methods
Identification of state and federal district policy changes and deliberations related to gabapentin were searched via internet for all 50 states and 1 federal district (n = 51). Only results from state regulatory bodies, such as the board of pharmacy, or state legislative bodies, such as the senate, were considered for inclusion.

Results
Results showed that 22 states and federal districts (43.1%) tightened regulation, while another 2 (3.9%) are considering doing so. Of the 22 states and federal districts with policy changes, 15 (68.2%) enrolled gabapentin into their prescription drug monitoring program, while 7 (31.8%) reclassified gabapentin as a Schedule V controlled substance (C-V).

Conclusion
Absent of federal guidance surrounding gabapentin misuse, the onus has fallen on individual states; thus, approaches have ranged from no intervention to reclassification as a C-V. These measures aim to reduce medication supply but fall short of addressing patient outcomes and reducing harm. Therefore, harm reduction–informed public health policies must be implemented to positively impact patient outcomes and enhance safety.
Gypsy, Roma and Traveller Children in Child Welfare Services in England
Authors: Allen Dan , Hamnett Victoria 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOver the last five decades, there has been a growing concern that Gypsy, Roma and Traveller children are overrepresented in child welfare services (CWS) in Europe. However, statistical data used to substantiate this concern often conflates ethnicity and nationality limiting our full understanding of the reported situation. This article provides a more comprehensive illustration of overrepresentation, advancing the quantitative study of this topic in England. Using a per capita division by population method, data obtained from the Department of Education were tested for disparity ratios across four key indicators. The analyses found that the recorded number of ‘Gypsy/Roma’ and ‘Travellers of Irish Heritage’ in CWS in England has been growing at a disproportionate rate since 2011–2012 to now demonstrate overrepresentation. The findings go beyond the concerns that have been raised to highlight a more specific need for remedial and restorative action. Implications are discussed for strategic responses to drive up data quality and further explore the details of the disparities that are found.
Quantum Attacks on 1K-AES and PRINCE
Authors: Cai Bin-Bin , Wu Yusen , Dong Jing , Qin Su-Juan , Gao Fei , Wen Qiao-Yan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
By introducing the BHT algorithm into the slide attack on 1K-AES and the related-key attack on PRINCE, we present the corresponding quantum attacks in this paper. In the proposed quantum attacks, we generalize the BHT algorithm to the situation where the number of marked items is unknown ahead of time. Moreover, we give an implementation scheme of classifier oracle based on Quantum Phase Estimation algorithm in presented quantum attacks. The complexity analysis shows that the query complexity, time complexity and memory complexity of the presented quantum attacks are all $\mathcal{O}(2^{n/3})$ when the success probability is about $63\%$, where $n$ is the block size. Compared with the corresponding classical attacks, the proposed quantum attacks can achieve subquadratic speed-up under the same success probability no matter on query complexity, time complexity or memory complexity. Furthermore, the query complexity of the proposed quantum slide attack on 1K-AES is less than Grover search on 1K-AES by a factor of $2^{n/6}.$ When compared with the Grover search on PRINCE, the query complexity of the presented quantum attack on PRINCE is reduced from $\mathcal{O}(2^{n})$ to $\mathcal{O}(2^{n/2}).$ When compared with the combination of Grover and Simon’s algorithms on PRINCE, the query complexity of our quantum attack on PRINCE is reduced from $\mathcal{O}(n\cdot 2^{n/2})$ to $\mathcal{O}(2^{n/2}).$ Besides, the proposed quantum slide attack on 1K-AES indicates that the quantum slide attack could also be applied on Substitution-Permutation Network construction, apart from the iterated Even-Mansour cipher and Feistel constructions.
The cost implications of a polypill for primary prevention in the TIPS-3 trial
Authors: Lamy Andre , Tong Wesley , Joseph Philip , Gao Peggy , Pais Prem , Lopez-Jaramillo Patricio , Walli-Attaei Marjan , Dans Antonio L , Xavier Denis , Talukder Shamim , Santoso Anwar , Gamra Habib , Yusuf Salim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
The International Polycap Study 3 (TIPS-3) trial demonstrated that a polypill containing cholesterol- and multiple blood-pressure-lowering drugs reduces cardiovascular events by 20% compared with placebo in people without cardiovascular disease. The polypill plus aspirin led to a 31% relative risk reduction in cardiovascular disease events compared with double placebo. We report regional variations in costs and affordability of a polypill based on the TIPS-3 trial.

Methods and results
Countries were categorized using World Bank economic groups: lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries. Country-specific costs were obtained for hospitalization events, procedures, and non-study medications (2019 US dollars). Polypill price was based on the cheapest equivalent substitute (CES) for each component. For the polypill vs. placebo, the difference in cost over the 4.6 years of the trial was $291 [95% confidence interval (CI): $243–339] per participant in lower-middle-income countries, $1068 (95% CI: $992–1144) in upper-middle-income countries, and $48 (95% CI: −$271 to $367) in high-income countries. Results were similar for the polypill plus aspirin vs. a double placebo. In both cases, the polypill was affordable in all groups using monthly household capacity to pay or a threshold of 4% of the gross national income per capita.

Conclusion
The use of a polypill (CES) in TIPS-3 increases costs in lower-middle-income countries and upper-middle-income countries but is affordable in countries at various economic levels and is cost neutral (dominant) in high-income countries.
A Priceless Grace? The Congress of Vienna of 1815, the Ottoman Empire and Historicising the Eastern Question
Authors: Ozavci Ozan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The budding scholarship on the Congress of Vienna has devoted limited attention to the ‘Eastern Question’ in the 1810s. Even though the issue of the (non-) involvement of the Ottoman Empire in the new European state system has previously received mention, the rational and emotional factors that informed decisions taken by the Ottoman cabinet at the time have never been analysed in detail. Using previously unexplored Ottoman, Russian, British and French archival sources, this article historicises the ‘Eastern Question’ of the 1810s, when a new transimperial order was formed. It documents the attempts to ensure the security of Ottoman territories by European public law, and demonstrates that, although involving the Russo-Ottoman disputes in the Vienna negotiations was initially an Ottoman proposal, it was again the Sublime Porte that ultimately rejected it. The article discusses why this became the case, tracing the answer to diverse relational dynamics such as the conflicts in the Ottoman cabinet, the rivalries among the Great Powers, and the European endeavours to secure commercial interests in return for warranting regional stability.
Acute oesophageal safety of high-power short duration with 50 W for atrial fibrillation ablation
Authors: Müller Julian , Berkovitz Artur , Halbfass Philipp , Nentwich Karin , Ene Elena , Sonne Kai , Simu Gelu , Chakarov Ivalyo , Barth Sebastian , Waechter Christian , Behnes Michael , Akin Ibrahim , Deneke Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Aims
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) using radiofrequency (RF) ablation is an effective treatment option for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aims to investigate the safety of high-power short duration (HPSD) with emphasis on oesophageal lesions after PVI.

Methods and results
Consecutive patients undergoing AF ablation with HPSD (50 W; ablation index (AI)-guided; target AI 350 for posterior wall ablation, AI 450 for anterior wall ablation) using the ThermoCool SmartTouch SF catheter were included. Patients underwent post-ablation oesophageal endoscopy to detect and categorize thermal oesophageal injury (EDEL). Occurrence and risk factors of oesophageal lesions and perforating complications were analysed. A total of 1033 patients underwent AF ablation with HPSD. Of them, 953 patients (67.6 ± 9.6 years; 58% male; 43% paroxysmal AF; 68% first PVI) underwent post-procedural oesophageal endoscopy and were included in further analyses. Median procedure time was 82.8 ± 24.4 min with ablation times of 16.1 ± 9.2 min. Thermal oesophageal injury was detected in 58 patients (6%) (n = 29 Category 1 erosion, n = 29 Category 2 ulcerous). One patient developed oesophageal perforation (redo, 4th AF ablation). No patient died. Using multivariable regression models, increased total ablation time [odds ratio (OR) 1.029, P = 0.010] and history of stroke (OR 2.619, P = 0.033) were associated with increased incidence of EDEL after AF ablation, whereas increased body mass index was protective (OR 0.980, P = 0.022).

Conclusion
Thermal oesophageal lesions occur in 6% of HPSD AF ablations. The risk for development of perforating complications seems to be low. Incidence of atrio-oesophageal fistula (0.1%) is comparable to other reported series about RF ablation approaches.
Feasibility of the cardiac output response to stress test in suspected heart failure patients
Authors: Charman Sarah J , Okwose Nduka C , Taylor Clare J , Bailey Kristian , Fuat Ahmet , Ristic Arsen , Mant Jonathan , Deaton Christi , Seferovic Petar M , Coats Andrew J S , Hobbs F D Richard , MacGowan Guy A , Jakovljevic Djordje G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background
Diagnostic tools available to support general practitioners diagnose heart failure (HF) are limited.

Objectives
(i) Determine the feasibility of the novel cardiac output response to stress (CORS) test in suspected HF patients, and (ii) Identify differences in the CORS results between (a) confirmed HF patients from non-HF patients, and (b) HF reduced (HFrEF) vs HF preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction.

Methods
Single centre, prospective, observational, feasibility study. Consecutive patients with suspected HF (N = 105; mean age: 72 ± 10 years) were recruited from specialized HF diagnostic clinics in secondary care. The consultant cardiologist confirmed or refuted a HF diagnosis. The patient completed the CORS but the researcher administering the test was blinded from the diagnosis. The CORS assessed cardiac function (stroke volume index, SVI) noninvasively using the bioreactance technology at rest-supine, challenge-standing, and stress-step exercise phases.

Results
A total of 38 patients were newly diagnosed with HF (HFrEF, n = 21) with 79% being able to complete all phases of the CORS (91% of non-HF patients). A 17% lower SVI was found in HF compared with non-HF patients at rest-supine (43 ± 15 vs 51 ± 16 mL/beat/m2, P = 0.02) and stress-step exercise phase (49 ± 16 vs 58 ± 17 mL/beat/m2, P = 0.02). HFrEF patients demonstrated a lower SVI at rest (39 ± 15 vs 48 ± 13 mL/beat/m2, P = 0.02) and challenge-standing phase (34 ± 9 vs 42 ± 12 mL/beat/m2, P = 0.03) than HFpEF patients.

Conclusion
The CORS is feasible and patients with HF responded differently to non-HF, and HFrEF from HFpEF. These findings provide further evidence for the potential use of the CORS to improve HF diagnostic and referral accuracy in primary care.
De Novo Genome Assembly and Annotation of an Andean Caddisfly, Atopsyche davidsoni Sykora, 1991, a Model for Genome Research of High-Elevation Adaptations
Authors: Ríos-Touma Blanca , Holzenthal Ralph W , Rázuri-Gonzales Ernesto , Heckenhauer Jacqueline , Pauls Steffen U , Storer Caroline G , Frandsen Paul B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We sequence, assemble, and annotate the genome of Atopsyche davidsoni Sykora, 1991, the first whole-genome assembly for the caddisfly family Hydrobiosidae. This free-living and predatory caddisfly inhabits streams in the high-elevation Andes and is separated by more than 200 Myr of evolutionary history from the most closely related caddisfly species with genome assemblies available. We demonstrate the promise of PacBio HiFi reads by assembling the most contiguous caddisfly genome assembly to date with a contig N50 of 14 Mb, which is more than 6× more contiguous than the current most contiguous assembly for a caddisfly (Hydropsyche tenuis). We recover 98.8% of insect BUSCO genes indicating a high level of gene completeness. We also provide a genome annotation of 12,232 annotated proteins. This new genome assembly provides an important new resource for studying genomic adaptation of aquatic insects to harsh, high-altitude environments.
Three-dimensional modelling of controlled source electro-magnetic surveys using non-conforming finite element methods
Authors: Elías Matías W , Zyserman Fabio I , Rosas-Carbajal Marina , Manassero María Constanza 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARY
The controlled source electro-magnetic (CSEM) method is increasingly used for in-land and off-shore subsurface characterization. Given its complex dependence between data and the parameters of interest, there is a crucial need for performant numerical algorithms that can simulate the CSEM response of 3-D geological structures. Here, we present two finite element (FE) algorithms for simulating the CSEM response in 3-D media with isotropic conductivity. A primary/secondary field approach is used to avoid the singularity introduced by the source. The primary field is computed semi-analytically for a horizontally layered model and different sources. The secondary field is obtained by discretizing the diffusive frequency-domain Maxwell’s equations with non-conforming FE. The two numerical algorithms are specifically designed to work on distributed-memory computers: (1) an iterative procedure with domain decomposition and (2) a direct and global algorithm. We evaluate their performance by computing their speed up on parallel processors, and solving problems with realistic conductivity structures. We also compare the accuracy of the solutions with published results on canonical models. The results shown here demonstrate the functionality of the two methodologies presented for specific cases when computing 3-D CSEM solutions.
The Treatment of Academic Lexical Bundles in Online English Monolingual Learners’ Dictionaries
Authors: Chen Peng , Zhao Cuilian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in identifying dictionary-relevant lexical bundles and analysing their lexicographic treatment. However, past research has only examined bundle treatment in general bilingual dictionaries, leaving it open whether and to what extent lexical bundles are treated in other types of dictionaries. This study aims to fill this gap by focusing on the treatment of academic lexical bundles in online English monolingual learners’ dictionaries. To this end, we first derived a list of 85 target bundles from a large corpus of expert academic writing using a set of quantitative and qualitative criteria, and then examined these bundles regarding their coverage, accessibility, and macro- and microstructural presentation in selected dictionaries. The results showed a high degree of inaccessibility of lexical bundles as search strings, corroborated previous research findings regarding the subsidiary status of lexical bundles in the macrostructure, and identified variations and inadequacies in bundle presentation in the microstructure. The implications of this study for improving the identification, access and presentation of academic lexical bundles for e-lexicography are discussed.
Is There ‘No Place in the Work Context’ for Religious Proselytism?
Authors: Hambler Andrew 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The proposition that employers are right to prevent absolutely employees from proselytising their religious beliefs at work has been mooted by AG Sharpston, now retired Advocate General of the Court of Justice of the European Union, in her Opinion in Bougnaoui and Association de défense des droits de l’homme (ADDH) v Micropole SA. She argued this on three bases: that proselytism is not core to a person’s religious beliefs (and therefore not a manifestation of religion); that working time is used for the purposes of business rather than proselytism; and because proselytism creates disharmony among the workforce. It is contended in this article that such a proposition is controversial as each of these statements is deserving of challenge. Proselytism has been recognised as a bona fide manifestation of religion by the European Court of Human Rights and not only facilitates a proselytiser’s religious rights but also those of the potential proselyte (to have the opportunity to change religion). Working time is not exclusively spent in the relentless pursuit of business; there is a social dimension and an exchange of ideas would be commonplace. Disharmony, and even harassment, may result from proselytism, but this may be mitigated by moderation (on behalf of the proselytiser) and the judicious use of restriction (by the employer).
Selective suppression of IL-10 transcription by calcineurin in dendritic cells through inactivation of CREB
Authors: Lu Xiuyuan , Oh-hora Masatsugu , Takeda Kiyoshi , Yamasaki Sho 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMyeloid cells play a pivotal role in immune responses against bacterial and fungal infection. Among innate immune receptors, C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) can induce a wide spectrum of cytokines through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs)-mediated signaling pathways. Dendritic cells (DCs) produce IL-10 through CLR stimulation; however, the regulatory mechanism of IL-10 expression has not been elucidated. In the current study, we report that calcium (Ca2+) signaling-deficient DCs produced more IL-10 than wild-type DCs. Mechanistically, Ca2+-dependent phosphatase calcineurin directly inactivates cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), a transcription factor of Il10 in DCs, through dephosphorylating CREB at serine 133. In calcineurin-deficient DCs, CREB was highly phosphorylated and increased its binding to the Il10 promoter. Elimination of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling that phosphorylates CREB, deficiency of CREB, as well as deletion of a CREB-binding site in the Il10 promoter could diminish IL-10 production in DCs. Our findings identified a novel substrate of calcineurin as well as a mechanism through which Ca2+ signaling regulates IL-10 expression downstream of CLRs. As IL-10 is a crucial immunosuppressive cytokine, this mechanism may counteract the over-activated IL-10–producing signals induced by CARD9 and MAPK pathways, preventing the ineffectiveness of the immune system during bacterial and fungal infection.