bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaerobically fermented spent mushroom substrates improve nitrogen removal and lead (II) adsorption
Authors: Yang Yunlong , Li Ling , Sun Shuqian , Lin Ershu , Xiao Jibo 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, spent mushroom substrates (SMSs) were fermented anaerobically at room temperature to gain liquid SMSs (LSMSs) that were used to remove nitrogen from the piggery wastewater with a low C/N ratio in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and solid SMSs (SSMSs) that were utilized to adsorb Pb2+ from Pb2+-containing wastewater in a fixed-bed reactor (FBR). After LSMSs supplement, the removal efficiency of both total nitrogen (TN) and NH+4-N increased from around 50% to 60–80%. High-throughput sequencing results presented an obvious change in microbial diversity, and some functional microorganisms like Zoogloea and Hydrogenophaga predominated to promote nitrogen removal. Pb2+ did not emerge from the effluent until 240 min with the corresponding concentration being less than 3 mg/L when using 30-day SSMSs as adsorbents, and it was demonstrated to be appropriate to use the Thomas model to predict Pb2+ sorption on SSMSs. Although various functional groups played a role in binding ions, the carboxyl group was proved to contribute most to Pb2+ adsorption. These results certified that the anaerobically fermented SMSs are decidedly suitable for wastewater treatment.
Effect of pH on the performance of an acidic biotrickling filter for simultaneous removal of H2S and siloxane from biogas
Authors: Zhang Yuyao , Oshita Kazuyuki , Takaoka Masaki , Kawasaki Yu , Minami Daisuke , Inoue Go , Tanaka Toshihiro 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Acidic biotrickling filters (BTF) can be used for simultaneous removal of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and siloxane from biogas. In this study, the performance of a BTF under different acidic pH conditions was investigated. The removal profile of H2S showed that 90% of H2S removal was achieved during the first 0.4 m of BTF height with down-flow biogas. Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) removal decreased from 34.5% to 15.6% when the pH increased from 0.88 to 3.98. Furthermore, the high partition coefficient of D5 obtained in under higher pH condition was attributed to the higher total ionic strength resulting from the addition of sodium hydroxide solution and mineral medium. The linear increase in D5 removal with the mass transfer coefficient (kL) indicated that the acidic recycling liquid accelerated the mass transfer of D5 in the BTF. Therefore, the lower partition coefficient and higher kL under acidic pH conditions lead to the efficient removal of D5. However, the highly acidic pH 0.9 blocked mass transfer of H2S and O2 gases to the recycling liquid. Low sulfur oxidation activity and low Acidithiobacillus sp. content also deteriorated the biodegradation of H2S. Operating the BTF at pH 1.2 was optimal for simultaneously removing H2S and siloxane.
Decolorization of azo dyes in a heterogeneous persulfate system using FeS as the activator
Authors: Li Haijun , Tang Chong , Wang Min , Mei Changgen , Liu Na 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Textile effluents containing synthetic refractory azo dyes are one of the most important sources of water pollution. However, these kinds of refractory organic pollutants did not resist a persulfate (PS) oxidation process which was correctly activated. In this study, PS was activated by ferrous sulfide (FeS) in a heterogeneous system to break down azo dyes wastewater. The results showed that all five selected azo dyes were efficiently broken down using the PS/FeS system, except for DY 12, and more than 95% of azo dyes were decolored within 60 minutes. The decolorization efficiency of DR 81 in the PS/FeS system was comparable to PS activated with heat (60 °C) or Fe2+, and was slightly superior to Fe0 powders under the same conditions. Quenching studies indicated that both SO4−• and •OH were formed in the FeS surface and diffused into the solution to facilitate the successive transformation of DR 81, the •OH reaction with DR 81 might the crucial reaction. The coexisting chelating agents in real azo dye effluents at high concentrations had a negative influence on azo dye decolorization by PS/FeS. However, the superior factor of the PS/FeS system was the regenerability and reusability of the heterogeneous catalyst.
METAL X CONCRETO ARMADO
Authors: Rocha Germana , Ferreira Marinho Érika 
Published: February 2021

A vertente experimentalista da produção arquitetônica brasileira nas décadas de 1970 e 1980 é caracterizada por uma inventividade fundada na experimentação das qualidades plástico-expressivas dos materiais e técnicas construtivas articuladas às novas estruturas formais arquitetônicas, o que pode ser entendido como um experimentalismo tectônico, e tem, como um de seus expoentes, o arquiteto Sérgio Bernardes. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, sob a ótica da tectônica, uma das obras desse arquiteto carioca - o Espaço Cultural José Lins do Rego (1980-1982) - que expressa essa essencialidade moderna de geração do novo, de acordo com o espírito da época, revelando a persistência do caráter inventivo do moderno brasileiro fundado na lógica construtiva. A pesquisa, utilizando as estratégias do estudo de caso, fundamenta-se no conceito de tectônica na teoria contemporânea da arquitetura e utiliza os parâmetros analíticos dele decorrentes. A análise permite identificar na arquitetura do Espaço Cultural uma relação dual entre a expressividade do metal (alumínio e aço) e do concreto aparente estabelecida a partir de sistemas estruturais e construtivos diferentes, de acordo com a intenção plástica dada aos diversos volumes correspondentes às diferentes funções requeridas pelo programa. Buscando ainda uma estética moderna que nasce da probidade construtiva, apesar das possibilidades técnicas do concreto armado à vista ser bastante exploradas, pouco se recorre ao seu potencial plástico. Ele cede lugar à poética da estrutura metálica, que predomina e se impõe, principalmente, através dos detalhes tectônicos.
Complex Treatment and Prosthetic Rehabilitation of an Acquired Maxillofacial Defect with Tumor Invasion: Brief Report
Authors: Jiajing Li , Kochurova Ekaterina V. , Beeraka Narasimha M , Lapina Natalya V. , Weilong Chang , Belousov Dmitrii M. , Mikhaylenko Elizaveta V. , Nikolenko Vladimir N. , Muresanu Cristian , Somasundaram Siva G. , Kirkland Cecil E. , Avila-Rodríguez Marco , Aliev Gjumrakch 
Published: February 2021

Background:
A patient was evaluated with respect to the effects and results of a complex treatment
plan for complete dental rehabilitation. Several steps were required. Each step included immunological tests of
salivary biomarkers. Clinical and immunological assessments were evaluated on Day 3, Week 2, Month 3, and
Month 6 post-surgery. These evaluations guided the decision-making process with regard to preparation of a
permanent prosthesis.

Objective:
The aim of the study is to evaluate the response of tissues and organs of the maxillofacial region in
patients during dental rehabilitation after maxillofacial surgery.

Methods:
Complex treatment and rehabilitation involving cooperation between the specialists in maxillofacial
surgery, prosthetic dentistry, and cancer immunology.

Results:
Long-term monitoring and clinical examination showed a direct relationship between the patient’s clinical
and dental status and the changes in oral fluid biomarkers.

Conclusion:
The data revealed that the oral fluid biomarkers reflected the patient’s adaptation to prosthodontic
rehabilitation. Treatment and monitoring of a maxillofacial tumor patient could use biomarkers as a non-invasive
indicator.
Comparison of the Efficacy of HIV-1 Nef-Tat-Gp160-p24 Polyepitope
Vaccine Candidate with Nef Protein in Different Immunization Strategies
Authors: Bolhassani Azam , Namazi Fatemeh , Davoodi Saba 
Published: February 2021

Objectives:
One of the promising strategies for effective HIV-1 vaccine design involves
finding the polyepitope immunogens using T cell epitopes.

Methods:
Herein, an HIV-1 polyepitope construct (i.e., Nef-Tat-Gp160-P24) comprising of several
epitopes from Nef, Tat, Gp160, and P24 proteins was designed. To improve its immunogenicity in
BALB/c mice, cell-penetrating peptides (HR9 and MPG for DNA delivery, and LDP-NLS and Cy-
LoP-1 for protein transfer), Montanide adjuvant, and heterologous DNA prime/polypeptide boost
strategy were used. To compare the immunogenicity, Nef was utilized as a vaccine candidate. The
levels of total IgG and its subclasses, cytokines, and Granzyme B were assessed using ELISA.

Results:
Immunological studies showed that heterologous prime-boost regimens for both antigens
could considerably augment the levels of IgG2a, IgG2b, IFN-γ, and Granzyme B directed toward
Th1 and CTL immune responses in comparison with homologous prime-boost strategies. The levels
of IFN-γ, IL-10, total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2b were drastically higher in groups immunized with
Nef-Tat-Gp160-P24 in heterologous prime-boost regimens than those in groups immunized with
Nef.

Conclusions:
The use of the Nef-Tat-Gp160-P24 polyepitope immunogen in heterologous prime--
boost strategy could generate the mixture of Th1 and Th2 responses directed further toward Th1 response
as a hopeful method for improvement of HIV-1 vaccine.
Anti-Diabetic Potentials of Thiazolidinedione Analogues with Efficient Synthetic Procedures: A Review of Literature
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Salahuddin  , Kumar Rajnish , Sahu Rakesh , Mishra Shivali , Singh Chanchal , Tiglani Devleena 
Published: February 2021

Background::Diabetes mellitus refers to one of the leading cause of diseases that affect large populations of human and is characterized by a high glucose level in the blood (also known as hyperglycemia). Thiazolidinedione (TZD) is a five-member heterocyclic compound consisting of three carbons, nitrogen and sulfur. It is also known as glitazones, can be used as potent hypoglycemic agents and is also reduce many other cardiovascular risk factors including percutaneous coronary intervention, carotid and coronary atherosclerosis. As it plays a very important role in the field of medicinal chemistry or pharmaceutical sciences, novel medicine developed and many are on underdevelopment, these derivatives have thiazolidinedione as their primary nucleus.Objective::This article has discussed the different synthetic procedures of thiazolidinediones that exhibited potential antidiabetic activity by the activation of PPAR-γ, by reducing the blood glucose levels and by different metabolic process incorporation.Conclusion::Thiazolidinediones has effective profile as the future investigational drug and can be processed in drug discovery because of its efficient anti-diabetic potential.
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus in Children
Authors: Tsang Vivian , Leung Alexander K.C. , Lam Joseph M. 
Published: February 2021

Background:The skin is commonly involved in autoimmune diseases, such as lupus erythematous. The cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) can manifest with or without systemic symptoms. It is advantageous from a patient and healthcare system standpoint for early diagnosis and intervention. Prevention of complications is especially important in the pediatric population.Objective:To familiarize physicians with the clinical presentation, diagnosis, evaluation, and management of pediatric cutaneous lupus.Methods:The search term “cutaneous lupus” was entered into a Pubmed search. A narrow scope was applied to the categories of “epidemiology”, “clinical diagnosis”, “investigations”, “comorbidities”, and “treatment”. Meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, observational studies, and reviews were included. The search was restricted to English literature and children. A descriptive, narrative synthesis of the retrieved articles was provided.Results:A variety of innate and adaptive immune responses are being investigated to explain the pathogenesis of CLE. There are a number of variations of cutaneous manifestations varying from localized malar rash as in the case of ACLE lesions and papulosquamous psoriasiform lesions as in the case of SCLE to the multiple subtypes within chronic CLE. First-line pharmacological treatments include topicals, such as typical calcineurin inhibitors and corticosteroids, or oral agents, such as glucocorticoids, antimalarial drugs, and hydroxychloroquine.Conclusion:CLE is inclusive of a number of subtypes that have varying dermatological manifestations in adult and pediatric populations. The current treatment modalities will change based on the newly understood molecular targets. Ongoing research on the mechanisms underlying CLE is necessary to derive new interventions for pediatric patients.
The Pattern of Carbohydrate Intake among University Students from Eastern Indonesia Tends to be Diverse
Authors: Helmyati Siti , Amalia Anita W. , Sholihah Haifa , Kurnia Mirasari , Kiasaty Savira , Wigati Maria , Rohana A.J. , Ishak Wan R.W. , Hamid Noor A. , Malik Vasanti , Hu Frank 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Along with the shift in consumption patterns of carbohydrate staple
foods in Indonesia, many communities are abandoning local traditional foods such as tubers and
sago and turning to white rice.

Objective:
Considering the rise of modern living patterns that are loved by teenagers and young
adults, the researchers aimed to identify the basic food consumption patterns of adolescents and
young people in Indonesia and the factors that influence them.

Methods:
The subjects involved in this study were 108 Universitas Gadjah Mada students representing
various regions and tribes in Indonesia. The proportion of each part of Indonesia was
determined by the proportionate stratified random sampling technique, while the research subjects
were selected by purposive sampling. Subjects were interviewed using the semi-quantitative
food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Data on knowledge factors related to nutrition and perceptions
were obtained using a separate questionnaire.

Results:
The most consumed staple carbohydrate foods are cereals, especially white rice (82%),
tubers (10.6%), noodles, pasta and bread (12.3%) and sago (1.8%). Several factors that influence
the consumption pattern significantly (p<0.05) are sex, place of origin, and nutritional status.

Conclusions:
There is a high dependency on white rice among young adults in Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
The culture and place of origin have an important role in shaping the pattern of carbohydrate
consumption. Strategic interventions are needed to increase youth food diversification.
Comparison Between the Maximum Standard Uptake Value and the Ratio of Lymph Node to Primary Tumor Attenuation in Head and Neck Cancers: A Prospective Study
Authors: Toprak Ugur , Saylisoy Suzan , Etiz Durmus , Entok Emre , Tepe Murat , Akcay Melek Cosar , Dincer Murat 
Published: February 2021

Objective:
The study aimed to investigate the relationship between the ratio of lymph
node attenuation to primary lesion attenuation on contrast-enhanced CT and the PET/CT standard
uptake value (SUVmax) in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC).

Methods:
Volunteers with advanced-stage, histopathologically proven HNSCC, indicated to have
radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy, were evaluated for CT and PET/CT for radiotherapy planning.
The attenuation and SUVmax of the primary lesion and the largest, possibly metastatic lymph
node, and the round index and volume of the lymph node were calculated. The relationship between
lymph node/primary lesion attenuation and SUVmax ratios was investigated. The differences
in CT findings between the SUVmax < and ≥3 groups were examined.

Results:
Thirty-two cases with adequate diagnostic quality were studied. There was a very strong
positive correlation between the primary lesion and lymph node attenuation (r=0.817, p<0.001), a
strong correlation between the lymph node volume and SUVmax (r=0.681, p<0.001), and a moderate
negative correlation between lymph node/primary lesion SUVmax and attenuation (r=-0.503,
p=0.004). In patients with ≥3 SUVmax, lymph node volume and lymph node/primary lesion SUVmax
were significantly higher, and the attenuation ratio was close to 1 (PPV 94.1, 86.3%, respectively).

Conclusion:
In HNSCC, the lymph node/primary lesion attenuation ratio can be used instead of
SUVmax if supported by other conventional CT findings. Metastasis should be considered if
lymph node attenuation is similar to primary mass attenuation and excluded if higher. CT attenuation
rate can be used as a supportive finding if PET/CT cannot be performed or lymph node SUVmax
is close to the acceptable cut-off for metastasis.
COVID-19: Role of Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning During the Pandemic
Authors: Sodhi Gurpreet Kour , Kaur Simarpreet , Gaba Gurjot Singh , Kansal Lavish , Sharma Ashutosh , Dhiman Gaurav 
Published: February 2021

:
The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to a global health emergency. Emerging from China,
it has now been declared as a pandemic. Owing to the fast pace at which it spreads, its control and
prevention have now become the greatest challenge. The inner structural analysis of the virus is an
important area of research for the invention of the potential drug. The countries are following different
strategies and policies to fight against COVID-19; various schemes have also been employed to
cope up with the economic crisis. While the government is struggling to balance between the
public health sector and the economic collapse, the researchers and medicine practitioners are inclined
towards obtaining treatment and early detection of the deadly disease. Further, the impact of
COVID-19 on Dentistry is alarming and posing severe threats to the professionals as well. Now,
the technology is helping the countries fight against the disease. ML and AI based applications are
substantially aiding the process of detection and diagnosis of novel coronavirus. Science of
Robotics is another approach followed with an aim to improve patient care.
Human Saliva Metabolome for Oral Lichen Planus Biomarker Identification
Authors: Wang Xiaoshuang , Liu Liwei , Du Qiuzheng , Sun Zhi , Yue Erli , Xue Peng , Zhao Hongyu 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is one of the most common oral mucosal diseases.
However, the current diagnostic method for OLP has limitations, and sometimes it is easy to be
misdiagnosed. Salivary metabolomics may provide new ideas for the diagnosis of OLP.

Objective:
To identify the biomarkers for the early detection of OLP.

Methods:
A non-targeted metabolomic analysis method was established based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap
HRMS (Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/orbitrap high resolution mass
spectrometry) to analyze the differential metabolites in saliva samples of patients with OLP and
healthy subjects. Saliva samples were collected from 120 OLP patients and 125 healthy subjects.

Results:
A total of 19 differential metabolites were identified, including 6 amino acid metabolites,
2 carnitines, 2 lipid metabolites and 9 other metabolites. The integrated biomarkers were constructed
by 3 metabolites according to Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Meanwhile, multiple
metabolic pathways were found to be involved in the occurrence and development of OLP.

Conclusion:
Metabolomics can be used to characterize the characteristics of metabolic disorders in
patients with OLP, which is also helpful to the early diagnosis of OLP and reveal the pathological
process of OLP.
Therapeutic Benefit of Salvigenin Against Various forms of Human Disorders Including Cancerous Disorders: Medicinal Properties and Biological Application in the Modern Medicine
Authors: Patel Dinesh Kumar 
Published: February 2021

:
Natural products have always been used in medicine for the discovery of new biological
molecules against different types of human disorders. Crude drugs have been used in different systems
of medicine, including Traditional Chinese Medicine and the Ayurvedic System of Medicine.
From ancient time to this modern age, special emphasis has been given to the traditional
knowledge of plants based products for the development of newer and better modern drugs. Traditional
medicines are always better choices in the medicine and healthcare system by the people of
developing countries for the treatment of human disorders. Polyphenolic compounds have been
used in medicine due to their vast medicinal application and pharmacological activities. Flavonoidal
class chemicals are the better examples of polyphenolic compounds, which have a 15-
carbon skeleton chemical structure. Salvigenin is a pure flavonoid class phytochemical found to be
present in the Salvia lachnocalyx, Salvia hydrangea and Plectranthus amboinicus and other medicinal
plants and vegetables. Pharmacologically salvigenin has been found to have cytotoxic effects
on various forms of cancer cells, such as colon adenocarcinoma, breast adenocarcinoma and glioblastoma.
Further salvigenin has beneficial potential in the medicine for the treatment of diabetes
and protects cells against oxidative stress. In order to know the therapeutic benefit of salvigenin in
the medicine, here in the present study, all the scientific research data of salvigenin have been collected
and analyzed for their biological significance in medicine. Extensive pharmacological investigation
has been performed to know the better medicinal properties of the salvigenin in modern
medicine. Analytical techniques used in the separation, isolation and identification of salvigenin
have also been searched and presented in the present work. From the above-presented data, it was
found that salvigenin has significant biological potential in medicine and could be used for the development
of newer and better molecule or drugs against various forms of human disorders, including
cancerous disorders.
Hopping Robot: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Jiang Jingang , Zeng Yang , Yu Xiaoyang , Wu Dianhao , Guo Yafeng 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Search and rescue in high-risk situations and searches in unknown environments pose certain threats to human physical life. The development of mobile robots with exploratory capabilities that can be adapted to complex sites, with high mobility and high obstacle-crossing capabilities, is therefore a research trend. Existing wheeled and tracked mobile robots have excellent locomotion, but they are less adaptable and less efficient when faced with complex terrain or outer space environments. Therefore, how to increase the obstacle-crossing ability and improve the movement efficiency of mobile robots has become a research hotspot in the field of mobile robotics.

Objective:
To introduce the classification, characteristics and development of existing hopping robots.

Methods:
The various products and patents of hopping robots are summarized, and the structural features, differences and applications of typical hopping robots are introduced.

Results:
By analyzing a variety of hopping robots, the typical characteristics and the current problems of hopping robots are analyzed, the development trend of hopping robots is prospected, the current research status of hopping robots are discussed and the future prospects are carried out.

Conclusion:
Hopping robots can be divided into mechanical energy drive, combustion energy drive and new energy drive according to the driving method. Depending on the drive energy used, jumping robots can achieve a jump height 0.5-30 times higher than their own size, and combined with a specific mechanical structure design, they have the characteristics of high explosive, high mobility, and can solve interstellar exploration, terrain exploration and rescue problems. Compared to mechanical energy drives, combustion chemistry is two orders of magnitude more energy intensive than even the highest performing batteries. The use of recycled renewable energy solves the energy self-loading problem of chemical combustion drives and is more environmentally friendly than the two previous types of new energy drives. Therefore, such products should be invented and patented in the future.