bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IgA dysfunction induced by the early-lifetime disruption of gut microbiota aggravates diet–induced metabolic syndrome in mice
Authors: Guo Jielong , Han Xue , You Yilin , Huang Weidong , Jicheng Zhan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundLow-dose antibiotic contamination in animal food is still a severe food safety problem worldwide. Penicillin is one of the main classes of antibiotics being detected in food. Previous studies have shown that transient exposure of low-dose penicillin (LDP) during early life resulted in metabolic syndrome (MetS) in mice. However, the underlying mechanism(s) and efficient approaches to counteracting this are largely unknown.MethodsWild-type (WT) or secretory IgA (SIgA)-deficient (Pigr-/-) C57BL/6 mice were exposed to LDP or not from several days before birth to 30 d of age. Five times of FMT or probiotics (a mixture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and L. rhamnosus GG) treatments were applied to parts of these LDP-treated mice from 12 d to 28 d of life. Bacterial composition from different regions (mucosa and lumen) of the colon and ileum were analyzed through 16S rDNA sequencing. Intestinal IgA response was analyzed. Multiple parameters related to MetS were also determined. In addition, germ-free animals and in vitro tissue culture were also used to determine the correlations between LDP, gut microbiota (GM) and intestinal IgA response.ResultsLDP disturbed the intestinal bacterial composition, especially for ileal mucosa, the main inductive and effective sites of IgA response, in 30-d-old mice. The alteration of early GM resulted in a persistent inhibition of the intestinal IgA response, leading to a constant reduction of fecal and caecal SIgA levels throughout the 25-week experiment, which is early life-dependent, as transfer of LDP-GM to 30 d germ-free mice only resulted in a transient reduction in fecal SIgA. LDP-induced reduction in SIgA led to a decrease in IgA+ bacteria and a dysbiosis in the ileal mucosal samples of 25 week wild-type but not Pigr-/- mice. Moreover, LDP also resulted in increases in ileal bacterial encroachment and adipose inflammation, along with an enhancement of diet-induced MetS in an intestinal SIgA-dependent manner. Furthermore, several times of FMT or probiotic treatments during LDP treatment are efficient to fully (for FMT) or partially (for probiotics) counteract the LDP-effect on both GM and metabolism.ConclusionsEarly-life LDP-induced enhancement of diet-induced MetS is mediated by intestinal SIgA, which could be (partially) restored by FMT or probiotics treatment.
Asymptomatic COVID-19 Adult Outpatients identified as Significant Viable SARS-CoV-2 Shedders
Authors: Glenet Marie , Lebreil Anne-Laure , Heng Laetitia , N’Guyen Yohan , Meyer Ittah , Andreoletti Laurent 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Differential kinetics of RNA loads and infectious viral levels in the upper respiratory tract between asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected adult outpatients remain unclear limiting recommendations that may guide clinical management, infection control measures and occupational health decisions. In the present investigation, 496 (2.5%) of 17,911 French adult outpatients were positive for an upper respiratory tract SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection by a quantitative RT-PCR assay, of which 180 (36.3%) were COVID-19 asymptomatic. Of these adult asymptomatic viral shedders, 84.4% had mean to high RNA viral loads (Ct values<30) which median value was significantly higher than that observed in symptomatic subjects (P=0.029), and 50.6% were positive by cell culture assays of their upper respiratory tract specimens. Our findings indicate that COVID-19 asymptomatic adult outpatients are significant viable SARS-CoV-2 shedders in their upper respiratory tract playing a major potential role as SARS-CoV-2 transmitters in various epidemiological transmission chains, promoting COVID-19 resurgence in populations.
Spectroscopic and Magnetic performance of Cobalt (Co) Incorporated NiMn0.05Fe1.95O4 Nanoferrites: A potent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (MT675916).
Authors: Thakur Sapna , Guleria Geetika , Thakur Shweta , Sharma Sushma , Kumari Poonam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We investigated the impact of cobalt (Co) incorporation on the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of ferrite Ni1 − xCoxMn0.05Fe1.95O4, also known as NCMF for x = 0, 0.02, and 0.04, which were successfully synthesized using a low-temperature sol gel combustion process with nitrates as cations and citric acid (C6H8O7) as the combustion/chelating agent. In X-ray diffraction studies, cobalt incorporation resulted in a significant increase in lattice parameter from 8.31 to 8.36, as well as a significant increase in density from 5.42 to 5.52 g/cm3; crystal size formation was observed in the range of 44.76 nm to 48.54 nm for all samples. Raman spectra analysis confirmed that single phase belongs to the Fd3m space group. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were used to identify functional clusters and residual groups in all samples. UV-visible spectroscopy showed a redshift of 0.92 eV for x = 0.04. The effect of dopants on nickel ferrites' magnetization was observed in the range 52emu/g − 59emu/g, indicating that all samples contain soft magnetic content. Antifungal activity of synthesized sample was analyzed against Aspergillus niger (MT675916) species of plant pathogenic fungi isolated from Capsicum during storage. Biological analysis designated that the sample for x = 0.04 has shown a 100% potent antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (MT675916) species. For x = 0.04 treatment completely inhibit the growth of fungus after 7 days. Therefore, NCMF NPs can be used as applicant resources for industrial, medical, and biological applications.
Examination of Acephate Absorption, Transport, Metabolism, and Accumulation in Maize After Root Irrigation for Spodoptera Frugiperda Control
Authors: Wu jiyingzi , Li xianjia , Hou ruiquan , Zhao kunyu , Wang yongqin , Huang suqing , Cheng dongmei , Zhang Zhixiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Since the invasion of the fall armyworm moth (Spodoptera frugiperda) in China in January 2019, damage to maize crops has gradually intensified, and chemical control has become the main control measure. This study aimed to examine methods of effective pest control while monitoring the environmental impact of pesticide use. The effectiveness of S. frugiperda pest control by foliar spraying and root irrigation of maize plants with acephate was determined, and the absorption, distribution, and dissipation of acephate and methamidophos by maize were studied.RESULTS: Field trials showed that acephate treatment at 6000 g.a.i ha-1 was the most effective for controlling S. frugiperda. Acephate and methamidophos were absorbed from the roots, transported upward, and concentrated in the leaves, particularly new leaves. The terminal residues of acephate and methamidophos in maize grains were below detectable levels at 60 days after treatment.CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that acephate treatment via root irrigation can more effectively control the infestation of S. frugiperda in maize than acephate treatment via foliar spraying. The translocation and distribution of acephate and methamidophos by root irrigation were more uniform, and the holding efficiency was higher than those in foliar spraying, suggesting an extended period of control efficacy. This pest control method could be utilized to reduce pesticide residues while safely and efficiently controlling S. frugiperda infestation.
Features of the Working Area Aerogasdynamics with the Direct-Flow Ventilation Scheme
Authors: Spatayev Nurbek , Sattarova Gulmira , Nurgaliyeva Assel , Balabas Lidiya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
To control rock pressure in the Karaganda coal basin, various technological schemes are used for mining and developing coal seams. At the same time, in order to form healthy and safe working conditions at workplaces in coal mines in the course of mining operations, it is necessary to ensure effective ventilation of the development and breakage faces. When solving the problem of aeration of stopes, the authors of the article propose to take into account air leaks through the collapsed coal-rock mass of the goaf when controlling gas emission of an working area. For this purpose, the gas-dynamic state of the goaf has been studied under various conditions of ventilation: when isolating the longwall face goaf, when demolishing the supported ventilation working, when the amount of air supplied to the longwall face is changed and for refreshing, as well as a combination of these options. Experimental studies have been carried out in the mines of the Karaganda coal basin. This article took into account the features of the working area aerogasdynamics with the direct-flow ventilation scheme. As a result of the study, a quasi-network model of the working area and an algorithm of calculating air leaks through the collapsed goaf massif have been developed.
Variation in Metabolic Characteristics of Chrysanthemum indicum from Different Habitats: Implications for cultivation and breeding
Authors: Zou Qingjun , Guo Qiaosheng , Wang Tao , Chen Jiamin , Yang Feng , Yang Chenlu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Chrysanthemi Indici Flos (CIF), the capitulum of Chrysanthemum indicum, is widely used as Chinese medicine, spice, and tea in many areas, its extracts are also frequently used in daily chemical products and cosmetics. Although CIF-related products are becoming more abundant because of its excellent biological activity, its metabolic characteristics and the accumulation of metabolites are still unclear. A total of 802 metabolites were identified in CIF by widely targeted metabolomics, and significant differences were found in the accumulation of metabolites of CIF from different habitats. Particularly, the differences in metabolite accumulation in CIF were significantly correlated with the geographical distribution in mountainous areas, but not with climate. Through multivariate statistical analysis, the seven samples from different habitats could be divided into four categories, and the significantly changed metabolites between different categories were mainly concentrated in the flavonoid synthesis pathway. Judging from the metabolic level, it was supported to separate the Ch. nankingense (Juhuanao) into a single species. In addition, the corresponding candidate biomarkers were screened in this study to identify the origin of CIF and distinguish the Juhuanao. It can be inferred that widely targeted metabolomics has great application potential in authenticity identification, origin tracing and quality evaluation of CIF. There were abundant metabolic differences among different populations of Ch. indicum, which provided abundant materials for the selection and breeding of fine varieties.
Mapping Surface Charge Distribution of Single-Cell via Charged Nanoparticle
Authors: Ouyang Leixin , Shaik Rubia , Xu Ruiting , Zhang Ge , Zhe Jiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background: Many bio-functions of cells can be regulated by their surface charge characteristics. Mapping surface charge density in a single cell’s surface is vital to advance the understanding of cell behaviors. Results: This article demonstrates a method of cell surface charge mapping via electrostatic cell–nanoparticle interactions. Nanoparticles with fluorescence were used as the marker to investigate single cells’ surface charge distribution. The nanoparticles with opposite charges were electrostatically bonded to the cell surface; a stack of fluorescence distribution on a cell’s surface at a series of vertical distances was imaged and analyzed. By establishing a relationship between fluorescence light intensity and surface charge density, cells’ surface charge distribution was quantified from the fluorescence distribution. Two types of cells, HUVECs and Hela cells, were tested. From the measured surface charge density of a group of single cells, the average zeta potential of the two types of cells was obtained, which is in good agreement with the standard electrophoretic light scattering measurement. Conclusions: This method can be used for rapid surface charge mapping of single particles or cells and can advance cell-surface-charge characterization applications in many biomedical fields.
Challenges and Coping Strategies Adopted by Midwives in Nursing Patients With Eclampsia in a Low Resource Setting: A Qualitative Descriptive Study
Authors: Dartey Anita Fafa , Dzansi Gladys , Obuobisa Clara Racheal , Celestine Afua Bosu Emefa , Afaya Agani 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: Eclampsia remains a public health issue, especially in low resource countries around the world, where approximately 63, 000 women die annually with young adolescence (ages 10-14) facing a higher risk of complication. Little is known about the challenges associated with the care of eclamptic clients. We sought to explore the challenges and coping strategies adopted by midwives in nursing patients with eclampsia in a low resource setting.Methods: This study employed an exploratory descriptive qualitative research design. A total of 8 midwives were purposively selected and individual interviews were conducted. Data were analysed through qualitative thematic analysis.Findings: From thematic data analysis two overarching themes emerged with six sub-themes. The two overarching themes were inadequate resources and coping strategies. The subtheme under inadequate resources includes a shortage of drugs, inadequate resuscitation equipment, and inadequate and inappropriate beds. The subtheme under coping strategies includes: coping with drug shortages, inadequate resuscitation equipment, and inadequate and inappropriate beds. Conclusion: Currently, the quest of midwives to promote and provide quality care for women with eclampsia faces some bottlenecks. These bottlenecks led to the adaptation of some coping strategies to provide care for women with eclampsia. One major coping strategy in the absence of drugs (MgSO4) was a referral to a higher health facility. They also borrowed equipment from neighbouring wards for resuscitation. Midwives improvised by admitting eclamptic women on the floor due to lack of beds. In times that they had beds without side rails patient relatives were asked to sit by the side of the bed to prevent falls in case of seizures.
MarkerCount: A stable, count-based cell type identifier for single cell RNA-Seq experiments
Authors: Kim HanByeol , Lee Joongho , Kang Keunsoo , Yoon Seokhyun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Cell type identification is a key step to downstream analysis of single cell RNA-seq experiments. Indispensible information for this is gene expression, which is used to cluster cells, train the model and set rejection thresholds. Problem is they are subject to batch effect arising from different platforms and preprocessing. We present MarkerCount, which uses the number of markers expressed regardless of their expression level to initially identify cell types and, then, reassign cell type in cluster-basis. MarkerCount works both in reference and marker-based mode, where the latter utilizes only the existing lists of markers, while the former required pre-annotated dataset to train the model. The performance was evaluated and compared with the existing identifiers, both marker and reference-based, that can be customized with publicly available datasets and marker DB. The results show that MarkerCount provides a stable performance when comparing with other reference-based and marker-based cell type identifiers.
Tissue-Specific Metabolic Response of Acanthopanax Senticosus (Rupr. Et. Maxim.) Harms Leaf To UV-B radiation
Authors: Wu Kexin , Liu Jia , Liu Yang , Shao Wenda , Tang Zhonghua , Mu Liqiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of medium and high UV-B radiation on leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et. Maxim.) Harms. Two-year-old potted A. senticosus plant samples were respectively exposed to two levels of artificial, biologically effective UV-B radiation under glasshouse-controlled conditions: 1.972KJ/m2 and 3.442KJ/m2. Ordinary sunlight treatment was included as a control group, in which major effects of UV-B were observed. It was discovered that UV-B enhanced the medicinal value (especially eleutheroside B and E) of A. senticosus but impaired its growth. The sensitivity of leaves to UV-B radiation varied across different parts of the plant, among which the upper leaves responded most strongly. Furthermore, multiple types of phenolic compounds are synergistically involved in stress resistance in different aspects, including up-regulation of UV-absorbing substances (C6C3C6-type, kaempferol and rutin) and antioxidant enzyme synergists (C6C1-type, salicylic acid) as well as down-regulation of antioxidants (C6C3-type, p-coumaric acid). Conclusion of this study may provide a new perspective to improve the exploitation of A. senticosus.
The Difference of ACE and ACE2 Gene Expression in Patients With Acute Aortic Dissection and Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Li Yang , Mao Long , Xiao Zongwei , Bhushan Sandeep 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTo explore whether there is a difference in the expression of ACE and ACE2 genes in patients with acute AD and CHD. MethodsBlood samples from 68 patients, including 34 cases of acute AD (including Stanford type A and B), 21 cases of CHD, and 13 cases of control group. 2 ml of venous blood is submitted for plasma ACE concentration. The arterial wall tissue was taken during the operation for mRNA detection. ResultsThe ACE concentration in the AD group was (17.9 ± 7. 9) U / L, in the CHD group was (33.5 ± 8.1) U / L, and the ACE concentration in the control group was (38.4) ±4.8) U/L, statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression of ACE gene in the AD group was (0.2265 ± 0.3783); the expression in the CHD group was (7.085 7 ± 7.692 9), with significant (P < 0. 05). The expression of ACE2 gene in the AD group was (0.766 2 ± 0.858 6); in the CHD group was (9.612 7 ± 11.542 6), and the difference was significant (P < 0. 05). The expression of the ratio of ACE / ACE2 in the AD group was (0.413 8 ± 0.448); the expression in the CHD group was (0.811 1 ± 0.256 3), the difference was statistically significant (P <0. 001). ConclusionPlasma ACE concentration, ACE and ACE2 gene expression are significantly reduced in acute AD. The imbalance of ACE and ACE2 expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD.
A Novel Correlation of Preoperative Gd-EOB-DTPA-contrast-enhanced MRI with FGFR4 Expression and Its Value in Targeted Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Mo Zhiqing , Long Liling , Ding Hao , Zhou Xiaojiao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To assess the relationship between preoperative gadolinium ethoxy-benzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features and fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Materials and methods: Fifty-nine HCC patients (54 males, 5 females) who underwent preoperative enhanced MRI were retrospectively enrolled in this study. Quantitative and qualitative features of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI were analyzed in these pathologically confirmed HCC patients. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed to determine the mRNA and protein levels of FGFR4 in HCC. The relationship between these image features and the level of FGFR4 gene expression in HCC was evaluated by correlation analysis.Results: The FGFR4 mRNA and protein expression has significant correlation with the change of signal intensity in the phase of hepatobiliary, IHC analysis revealed significant correlation between the protein expression of FGFR4 and the qualitative enhanced MRI feature, mainly the manifestation of the intratumoral vessels at the arterial phase. Furthermore, the presence of intratumoral vessels (P =0.034, OR=4.71) and heterogeneous 3 signal performance in the hepatobiliary phase (P =0.008, OR=4.2) were identified as independent indicators for high FGFR4 expression in HCC. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate novel correlation between enhanced MRI features and FGFR4 gene expression, suggesting the heterogeneous signal intensity at the phase of hepatobiliary and the present of intratumoral vessels in the arterial phase as indicators for high FGFR4 expression in HCC. Our study may have clinical implication that enhanced MRI holds promise as useful modality in treatment selection of targeted therapies to HCC patients.
Wave Propagation in an Optimized Tunable Multi-channel Flter based on One-dimensional Nano Superconductor Photonic Crystal
Authors: Baseri Ali , Keshavarz Alireza 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Although there has been a focus on THz lters so far, there is a signifcant defciency in advancing low-temperature THz lters. According to the needs, we proposed a tunable THz lter that selectively permits the desired incident frequencies to be propagated in relevance with our purpose. The presence of a low-temperature nano superconductor and an undoped semiconductor layers in the proposed structure resulted in a multi-channel THz lter, which could be highly tuned with several parameters such as lattice constants, applied temperature, etc. The achieved transmittance spectra revealed that the emerged transmittance couples and stacks follow exact regulations. Furthermore, the structure exhibited omnidirectional band-gaps for both TE and TM polarized waves. Moreover, the use of a central defect layer gave some transmittance defect modes in
the forbidden areas. This structure could be used in some THz devices such as switches, optimized sensors as well as in space industry and telecommunications.
Influence of Nano-Silica in Al6061 Composites on Mechanical and Material Properties prepared through Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Votarikari Naveenkumar , Nath N. Kishore , Babu Poosa Ramesh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The influence of composites preparation methods in the aerospace industry has evolved quite new challenges achieving better and desired properties. In this context, this work deals with the preparation of nano silica-based composite through the powder metallurgy technique. The composites prepared were tested for material characterization with morphological, X-Ray diffraction, and mechanical characterization with hardness, tensile strength, density, and porosity tests. The results revealed that the nano-silica has interfacial interaction with aluminum alloy. The strength of Al6061 nano-silica composite has the effect of sintering and compaction processes. Crystallization of Al6061 composite has been influenced by sintering time for nano-silica reinforcement. A compound was formed during the ball milling process during the blending of Al6061 and nano-silica powders was examined and detailed through material characterization. It revealed the structure as a mesoporous structure which created a route for better-impregnated bearing material. Al6061 nano-silica impregnated bearing with porous structure holds the lubricating fluid which is serving the purpose of self-lubrication and self-cooling by dissipating the heat generated during the running conditions. The strengthening mechanism like the Orowan effect and dislocation density strengthening enhanced the process and revealed the effect on nano-silica content. The wettability of silica was improved through binder in PM and the preheating process of powders. Hardness incremented up to 21% of base alloy through the PM technique.