ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ СИСТЕМЫ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГОПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ И ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯВ РОССИИ И ЗА РУБЕЖОМ
Authors: Холодова М.А. 
Published: February 2025

В статье рассмотрены особенности зарождения и развития системы государственного экономического планирования и прогнозирования. Представлен зарубежный опыт планирования и прогнозирования экономики с древнейших времён до наших дней, а также сравнительная характеристика современных моделей государственного макроэкономического планирования. Изучен уникальный опыт государственного планирования России: от абсолютного подчинения ему всей национальной экономики до необоснованного отказа в период перехода к рынку. Освещены особенности становления отечественной системы стратегического планирования в современный период.
Introduction. In the context of globalization, planning and forecasting hold key positions in the system of public administration of the economy. However, the market structural transformations of recent decades in Russia have not always allowed successful attempts to state regulation of the economy within the framework of the system of indicative plans. The vagueness of state priorities, low level of elaboration and consistency of planning and forecast documents due to the lack of their scientifically sound methodological support, and weak control over the implementation of planned decisions are the key problems of the domestic modern system of state macroeconomic planning. The goal of this article is to study the unique experience of the development of the system of state planning and forecasting in Russia and abroad, to identify the main stages of evolution of the system, and to determine the feasibility of using and adapting its tools in the modern period. The task is to identify the peculiarities and signs of the system of planning and forecasting in international practice of public administration of the economy; to analyse a wealth of experience and the main stages of evolution of the national system of state planning and forecasting; to assess modern attempts at combining the interests of business, society, and the state in the framework of strategic indicative planning of Russia based on principles of program-target approach. Results. The characteristics and specificity of national scientific schools of public administration of the economy in the framework of the system of planning and forecasting, among which are Marxist-Leninist philosophy, scientific management school, school of scientific forecasting, school of centralized directive management, school of decentralized management based on the principles of "laissez-faire" (non-interference of the state in economic life), school of strategic indicative planning, are defined and grounded. Particular attention is paid to the domestic experience of state planning at the beginning of the second decade of ХХI century which is manifested in the system of strategic indicative planning based on the principles of program-target approach, and which determines the formation of a qualitatively new Russian model of macroeconomic planning. The practical significance of the article is due to the fact that the need and expediency in using the system of macroeconomic planning and forecasting as a key function of public administration of socio-economic development of the country are grounded.