bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decision and coordination of low-carbon supply chain under the trend of new retailing
Authors: Wu Xinjian , Yu Chao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Considering the supply chains consisting of a single manufacturer, a single new retailer and a traditional retailer and assuming that demands were affected by the manufacturer’s reduction of carbon emission, the new retailer’s service and the traditional retailer’s promotion, new retailing channel preference coefficient is defined and the supply chain decision models under different contract mechanisms are developed. The inference of how the manufacturer improves reduction of carbon emission, how the new retailer improves service and how the traditional retailer improves promotion through effective coordination mechanism is analyzed. The research results show that the cost sharing will make supply chain have a Pareto improvement to a considerable degree. The greater the marginal profit of the supplier is, the worse the coordination effect of the cooperative emission reduction mode will be. The comparative advantage of the cooperative service coordination and cooperative promotion coordination depends on the influence of service and promotion on channel demand. The greater the impact of reduction of carbon emission on channel demand is, the higher its rate should be shared by the channel retailer. The profit of supply chain is positively related to a new retailing channel preference; this indicates that opening up the ‘new retailing’ is beneficial for improving supply chain profits.
Antibiotic prescribing for respiratory tract infection in patients with suspected and proven COVID-19: results from an antibiotic point prevalence survey in Scottish hospitals
Authors: Seaton R Andrew , Cooper Lesley , Gibbons Cheryl L , Malcolm William , Choo-Kang Brian , Griffith David , Dundas Stephanie , Brittain Suzanne , Hamilton Kayleigh , Jeffreys Danielle , McKinney Rachel , Guthrie Debbie , Sneddon Jacqueline 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Bacterial co-infection is infrequently observed with SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 infection outside of critical care, however, antibiotics are commonly prescribed.

Objectives
To examine factors associated with antibiotic prescribing for suspected respiratory tract infection (RTI) and evaluate the nature and dynamics of prescribing in hospitalized patients with suspected and proven COVID-19 infection.

Methods
An antibiotic point prevalence survey in hospitalized adult patients was conducted in designated COVID-19 clinical areas (including critical care) in 15 Scottish hospitals. Antibiotics prescribed for RTI and factors associated with prescribing were investigated.

Results
Of 820 surveyed patients, 272 (prevalence 33.3%) received antibiotics for suspected RTI on the survey day and 58.8% were SARS-CoV-2 positive. Antibiotics were empirical in 91.9% and amoxicillin (24.6%), doxycycline (20.5%) and co-amoxiclav (15%) were most frequently prescribed. Oral antibiotics were prescribed in 54.5% and duration was recorded in 76.7% on wards for a median of 5 days. IV to oral switch occurred after a median of 2 days. Prescribing for RTI was independently and positively associated with COPD/chronic lung disease, purulent/bloody sputum, abnormal chest X-ray, and CRP ≥ 100 mg/L. Probable and definite hospital-acquired COVID-19 and diabetes were associated with a lower odds of receiving an antibiotic for RTI.

Conclusions
Antibiotic prescribing for suspected RTI was commonly observed and predominantly empirical in suspected or proven COVID-19. Initiatives to reinforce stewardship principles including clinical review, effective use of microbiological diagnostics and better understanding of the role of biomarkers are central to further limit unnecessary antibiotic therapy in COVID-19.
Psychosocial Functioning Among Caregivers of Childhood Cancer Survivors Following Treatment Completion
Authors: Quast Lauren F , Williamson Lewis Rebecca , Lee Jennifer L , Blount Ronald L , Gilleland Marchak Jordan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
To inform efforts to better support caregivers of children with cancer during the transition from treatment to survivorship, this study sought to characterize caregiver mental health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and anxiety, and examine the influence of family psychosocial risk and caregiver problem-solving on these outcomes.

Method
Participants included 124 caregivers (child age M = 10.05 years; SD = 4.78), 12–19 months from the conclusion of cancer-directed treatment. Participants’ self-reported mental HRQOL, anxiety, and problem-solving were compared with community norms using t-tests. Correlations and hierarchical multiple regressions examined the influence of psychosocial risk and problem-solving on caregiver mental HRQOL and anxiety.

Results
Overall, caregivers reported HRQOL and anxiety within normal limits. Caregivers also reported more adaptive patterns of problem-solving than community norms. Subsets of caregivers reported clinical levels of psychosocial risk (11%) and at-risk levels of mental HRQOL (2.5%) and anxiety (5.7%). Females reported greater anxiety than males. Psychosocial risk and negative problem orientation (NPO) were both related to poorer mental HRQOL and greater anxiety (r = .40–.51, p’s &lt; .001). Positive problem orientation related to better mental HRQOL and lower anxiety (r = .18–.21, p’s &lt; .05). Impulsivity/carelessness and avoidance were associated with greater anxiety (r = .19–.25, p’s &lt; .05). Only NPO accounted for additional variance in mental HRQOL and anxiety, over and above psychosocial risk and demographic characteristics.

Conclusions
The majority of caregivers appear to be resilient and experience limited distress during the off therapy period. Targeting negative cognitive appraisals (NPO) through cognitive-behavioral therapy or problem-solving skills training may further improve caregiver psychosocial functioning.
Establishment method affects rice root plasticity in response to drought and its relationship with grain yield stability
Authors: Xie Xiaobing , Quintana Marinell R , Sandhu Nitika , Subedi Sushil R , Zou Yingbin , Rutkoski Jessica Elaine , Henry Amelia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
By responding to the variable soil environments in which they are grown, the roots of rice crops are likely to contribute to yield stability across a range of soil moistures, nutrient levels, and establishment methods. In this study, we explored different approaches to quantification of root plasticity and characterization of its relationship with yield stability. Using four different statistical approaches (plasticity index, slope, AMMI, and factor analytic) on a set of 17 genotypes including several recently-developed breeding lines targeted to dry direct-seeding, we identified only very few direct relationships between root plasticity and yield stability. However, genotypes identified as having combined yield stability and root plasticity showed higher grain yields across trials. Furthermore, root plasticity was expressed to a greater degree in puddled transplanted trials rather than under dry direct-seeding. Significant interactions between nitrogen and water resulted in contrasting relationships between nitrogen-use efficiency and biomass stability between puddled-transplanted and direct-seeded conditions. These results reflect the complex interaction between nitrogen, drought, and even different types of drought (as a result of the establishment method) on rice root growth, and suggest that although rice root plasticity may confer stable yield across a range of environments, it might be necessary to more narrowly define the targeted environments to which it will be most beneficial.
Fundamental Identifiability Limits in Molecular Epidemiology
Authors: Louca Stilianos , McLaughlin Angela , MacPherson Ailene , Joy Jeffrey B , Pennell Matthew W 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Viral phylogenies provide crucial information on the spread of infectious diseases, and many studies fit mathematical models to phylogenetic data to estimate epidemiological parameters such as the effective reproduction ratio (Re) over time. Such phylodynamic inferences often complement or even substitute for conventional surveillance data, particularly when sampling is poor or delayed. It remains generally unknown, however, how robust phylodynamic epidemiological inferences are, especially when there is uncertainty regarding pathogen prevalence and sampling intensity. Here, we use recently developed mathematical techniques to fully characterize the information that can possibly be extracted from serially collected viral phylogenetic data, in the context of the commonly used birth-death-sampling model. We show that for any candidate epidemiological scenario, there exists a myriad of alternative, markedly different, and yet plausible “congruent” scenarios that cannot be distinguished using phylogenetic data alone, no matter how large the data set. In the absence of strong constraints or rate priors across the entire study period, neither maximum-likelihood fitting nor Bayesian inference can reliably reconstruct the true epidemiological dynamics from phylogenetic data alone; rather, estimators can only converge to the “congruence class” of the true dynamics. We propose concrete and feasible strategies for making more robust epidemiological inferences from viral phylogenetic data.
Phylogenomic Subsampling and the Search for Phylogenetically Reliable Loci
Authors: Mongiardino Koch Nicolás 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhylogenomic subsampling is a procedure by which small sets of loci are selected from large genome-scale data sets and used for phylogenetic inference. This step is often motivated by either computational limitations associated with the use of complex inference methods or as a means of testing the robustness of phylogenetic results by discarding loci that are deemed potentially misleading. Although many alternative methods of phylogenomic subsampling have been proposed, little effort has gone into comparing their behavior across different data sets. Here, I calculate multiple gene properties for a range of phylogenomic data sets spanning animal, fungal, and plant clades, uncovering a remarkable predictability in their patterns of covariance. I also show how these patterns provide a means for ordering loci by both their rate of evolution and their relative phylogenetic usefulness. This method of retrieving phylogenetically useful loci is found to be among the top performing when compared with alternative subsampling protocols. Relatively common approaches such as minimizing potential sources of systematic bias or increasing the clock-likeness of the data are found to fare worse than selecting loci at random. Likewise, the general utility of rate-based subsampling is found to be limited: loci evolving at both low and high rates are among the least effective, and even those evolving at optimal rates can still widely differ in usefulness. This study shows that many common subsampling approaches introduce unintended effects in off-target gene properties and proposes an alternative multivariate method that simultaneously optimizes phylogenetic signal while controlling for known sources of bias.
pegIT - a web-based design tool for prime editing
Authors: Anderson Mads Valdemar , Haldrup Jakob , Thomsen Emil Aagaard , Wolff Jonas Holst , Mikkelsen Jacob Giehm 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Prime editing (PE) is a novel CRISPR-derived genome editing technique facilitating precision editing without double-stranded DNA breaks. PE, mediated by a Cas9-reverse transcriptase fusion protein, is based on dual-functioning prime editing guide RNAs (pegRNAs), serving both as guide molecules and as templates carrying the desired edits. Due to such diverse functions, manual pegRNA design is a subject to error and not suited for large-scale setups. Here, we present pegIT, a user-friendly web tool for rapid pegRNA design for numerous user-defined edits, including large-scale setups. pegIT is freely available at https://pegit.giehmlab.dk.
Identification of over 200-fold more hairpin ribozymes than previously known in diverse circular RNAs
Authors: Weinberg Christina E , Olzog V Janett , Eckert Iris , Weinberg Zasha 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Self-cleaving ribozymes are catalytic RNAs that cut themselves at a specific inter-nucleotide linkage. They serve as a model of RNA catalysis, and as an important tool in biotechnology. For most of the nine known structural classes of self-cleaving ribozymes, at least hundreds of examples are known, and some are present in multiple domains of life. By contrast, only four unique examples of the hairpin ribozyme class are known, despite its discovery in 1986. We bioinformatically predicted 941 unique hairpin ribozymes of a different permuted form from the four previously known hairpin ribozymes, and experimentally confirmed several diverse predictions. These results profoundly expand the number of natural hairpin ribozymes, enabling biochemical analysis based on natural sequences, and suggest that a distinct permuted form is more biologically relevant. Moreover, all novel hairpins were discovered in metatranscriptomes. They apparently reside in RNA molecules that vary both in size—from 381 to 5170 nucleotides—and in protein content. The RNA molecules likely replicate as circular single-stranded RNAs, and potentially provide a dramatic increase in diversity of such RNAs. Moreover, these organisms have eluded previous attempts to isolate RNA viruses from metatranscriptomes—suggesting a significant untapped universe of viruses or other organisms hidden within metatranscriptome sequences.
Role of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the evolution of renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Aubert Lucía , Sandino Justo , Gutiérrez-Solís Elena , García-Martín Florencio , Segura Julián , Porrini Esteban , Morales Enrique 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has influenced in an increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Little is known about the influence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on the progression of CKD. The aim of this study was to analyse the role of NAFLD and its severity in the progression of renal function in patients with T2DM.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective and observational study including patients with T2DM and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) &gt;30 mL/min/1.73 m2. NAFLD was defined as the presence of compatible ultrasonography and/or the presence of fibrosis using the NAFLD score. Patients were classified into three groups according to the NAFLD score: Group 1: &lt;−1.85; Group 2: −1.85–0.18 and Group 3: &gt;0.18.

Results
A total of 102 patients were included [67.6% males, median age 59 years [interquartile range (IQR) 53–64)], with a median time of T2DM evolution of 70 months (IQR 39–131). Group 3 had lower eGFR (84.8 ± 40.4 versus 71.4 ± 30.6 mL/min/1.73 m2; P = 0.03) and higher proteinuria at baseline (0.56 ± 0.77 versus 1.59 ± 2.70 g/24 h; P = 0.05). After a follow-up time of 75.8 ± 23.9 months, Group 3 had a significant decrease in eGFR (66.6 ± 33.3 versus 36.8 ± 23.1 mL/min/1.73 m2; P ≤ 0.01) and a higher risk of CKD progression [odds ratio 7.50 (95% confidence interval 2.76–20.35); P ≤ 0.001] defined as a decrease in eGFR of &gt;50%.

Conclusions
The presence of NAFLD with high-risk fibrosis confers higher risk of CKD progression in patients with T2DM. Therefore NAFLD should be a risk factor evaluated in these patients to optimize treatment.
A Qualitative Analysis of Ostomy-Related Patient Education Videos on YouTube
Authors: Basim Pelin , Argun Derya 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To analyze the content, reliability, and quality of the most viewed YouTube videos targeting patients with ostomies intending to learn about ostomy care (OC).

METHODS
Using the keywords “stoma care,” “colostomy care,” and “ileostomy care,” researchers assessed the publicly visible English-language ostomy patient education videos available on YouTube. A total of 84 videos were independently analyzed by two physicians experienced in OC. Data on video characteristics, source, content, reliability, and quality were collected and recorded for each video separately.

RESULTS
Of the 84 videos analyzed, 49 were classified as useful (58.33%) and 35 as misleading (41.66%). There were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of the time elapsed since upload (P < .017), reliability (P < .001), comprehensiveness (P < .001), Global Quality Scale scores (P < .001), source (P < .001), and lecturer types (P < .011). The reliability, comprehensiveness, and Global Quality Scale scores were statistically higher for videos uploaded by universities, professional healthcare communities, and nonprofit physicians (P < .001). However, the popularity of the OC videos posted on YouTube was not related to their reliability, comprehensiveness, or quality.

CONCLUSIONS
The open-access nature of the YouTube platform may impair patient education video quality and accuracy. YouTube may be an additional educational tool for OC, but clinicians need to be familiar with specific and reliable resources to guide and educate new patients with ostomies to achieve the best outcomes.
Reliability of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale in Evaluating Linear Scars after Thyroidectomy
Authors: Chung Jae-Ho , Kwon Sang-Ho , Kim Ki-Jae , Lee Jae-Min , Yoon Jeong-Min , Cheon Jeong-Hyun , Yoon Eul-Sik , Park Seung-Ha 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
To compare the reliability of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) with the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) in evaluating thyroidectomy scars.

METHODS
At 6 months after the operation, 112 patients who underwent thyroid surgery via collar neck incision were evaluated by two blinded plastic surgeons and two senior residents using the VSS and the observer component of the POSAS. In addition, the observer-reported VAS score and patient-reported Likert score were evaluated. Internal consistency, interobserver reliability, and correlations between the patient- and observer-reported outcomes were examined.

RESULTS
The observer component of POSAS scores demonstrated higher internal consistency and interobserver reliability than the VSS. However, the correlations between the observer-reported VAS score and the patient-reported Likert score (0.450) and between the total sum of patient and observer component scores (0.551) were low to moderate.

CONCLUSIONS
The POSAS is more consistent over repeated measurements; accordingly, it may be considered a more objective and reliable scar assessment tool than the VSS. However, a clinician’s perspective may not exactly match the patient’s perception of the same scar.
8. ASSOCIATION OF NOCTURNAL BLOOD PRESSURE DIPPING PATTERN WITH CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AND ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTENSION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Willim Herick Alvenus , Cipta Harie 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Hypertension remains a main contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Studies have found that ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring is superior to clinic BP in predicting prognosis in patients with hypertension. Assessment of nocturnal BP dipping pattern during ambulatory BP monitoring can provide additional prognostic significance and guide treatment decisions.

Objective:
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association of nocturnal BP dipping pattern with cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in patients with hypertension.

Methods:
Relevant literature was identified using PubMed, ProQuest, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Google Scholar. Subjects were categorized as dippers or non-dippers according to systolic dipping pattern by ambulatory BP monitoring. Dippers was defined as decreased in systolic BP from day to night of ≥10%. Non-dippers was defined as decreased in systolic BP from day to night of <10%. The outcomes were cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. Meta analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software.

Results:
Eight cohort studies involving a total of 5260 hypertensive patients were included, of which 6 studies reported data on cardiovascular events and 4 studies reported data on all-cause mortality. On pooled analysis, hypertensive patients classified as non-dippers had significant increased risk of cardiovascular events compared with dippers (risk ratio [RR] 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.55–2.14; p < 0.00001; I
2 = 50%). Similarly, non-dippers had significant increased risk of all-cause mortality compared with dippers (RR 2.49; 95% CI 1.82–3.41; p < 0.00001; I
2 = 10%).

Conclusion:
In patients with hypertension, the non-dipper pattern was significantly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.
17. THE FACTORS AFFECTING INTRADIALYTIC HYPERTENSION IN ROUTINE HEMODIALYSIS PATIENT AT BALI HUSADA CIPTA CANTI DENPASAR
Authors: Wicaksana A.A. Gede Oka Suta , Erawan I Gusti Ngurah Agung Tresna 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Intradialytic hypertension (IDH) define as a condition where an increase blood pressure (BP) in hemodialysis patient from pre- to post- hemodialysis. Fluctuations in BP are one of the most common complications among hemodialysis. IDH prevalence was variably reported from 10–15%. IDH has been recently identified as an independent mortality risk factor.

Objective:
This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factor of IDH among hemodialysis patient in Bali Husada Cipta Canti Clinic (BHCC), Denpasar.

Method:
This is an analytic cross-sectional study conducted in BHCC, Denpasar. The data collected from medical record from all dialytic patient on December 2020. Patient with inclusion criteria were collected. Patient with incomplete data was excluded. BP measurements perform before and after hemodialysis. Patient defines with IDH if the difference of systolic blood pressure before and after hemodialysis was more than 10 mmHg in 2 times hemodialysis sequentially.

Result:
Our study involved 100 patients with male patient was 60 (60%) and mean age is 53.66 years (±10.88 SD). The IDH prevalence was 51% (n = 51). We found no significant differences in ages, body mass index (BMI), oral antihypertensive usage, diabetes status, hemoglobin, erythropoietin usage, quick of blood (QB) between IDH and non-IDH group. There was significant different in ultrafiltration between IDH and non IDH group (p = 0.045; OR 0.443; IK95% 0.199–0.987).

Conclusion:
IDH in BHCC have a higher prevalence (51%) than previous studies. There was significant different in ultrafiltration between IDH and non-IDH group. Patient with higher ultrafiltration have protective risk for IDH.