bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-economics of Artemia culture.
Authors: Nguyen Van Hoa , Nguyen Thi Hong Van , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Anh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Traditional solar salt pans have been the only production activity carried out in Bac Lieu and Vinh Chau (Soc Trang) since the 1960s (Do, 1998). However, low and unsustainable incomes from salt production made this practice unattractive to salt farmers. At the end of the 1980s, Artemia production in the area was conducted under the technical advice of the College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Cantho University. Artemia production provides not only cysts for shrimp and fish hatcheries but also improves considerably the income of salt farmers (Vu, 1997). However, over the years cyst production has been unstable and has varied from place to place and from season to season. Production has also depended on investment scale and pond management. Moreover, cyst prices usually fluctuate and are market driven. Prices also depend on the remaining cyst stock held by shrimp feed companies. Thus, it is difficult for farmers to decide if they should invest in Artemia production for the coming season or not. This paper presents the pros and cons for sustainable production of Artemia in the area.
Promotion of small-scale pond aquaculture in Chitwan valley, Nepal.
Authors: Pant Jharendu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The Chitwan valley, situated in the inner Terai, Nepal, is endowed with a favourable sub-tropical monsoonal climate, rich soil and abundant forest resources. The livelihoods of half of the population of Chitwan depend on farming. The average size of farm holdings is small (about 0.6 ha) with the agricultural system characterized by an integration of crop and livestock sub-systems. Recognizing the possible role of small-scale aquaculture in poverty alleviation in Nepal, the project "Women in Aquaculture in Nepal" is aimed at the introduction and development of backyard pond aquaculture. It has been working with small-scale farming households of the traditional fishing communities of the Darai and Tharu in the Chitwan valley. The project has successfully demonstrated the role of backyard pond aquaculture in diversifying the farming systems of traditional fishing communities in Chitwan valley. Whilst farmers operated low-input aquaculture systems, there is scope for significantly increasing fish production through intensification.
Porphyra cultivation in Maine, USA and New Brunswick, Canada.
Authors: Levine Ira 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Commercial cultivation of the red alga Porphyra (common name nori) was initiated in Cobscook Bay, Maine, USA, in 1991 by Coastal Plantations International, Inc. (CPI) (Yarish et al., 1996a,b, 1997; Levine and Crawford, 1997; Levine, 1997a,b). The company's efforts resulted in the world's first organically-certified nori. Additional efforts included the establishment of a nori-salmon integrated polyculture system. CPI attempted to cultivate nori in the waters of the Gulf of Maine after securing all local, state, national, and international permits. The development of a US-based marine agronomic effort ended in 1999 (Levine, 1998; Levine and Cheney, 1998). The farm reached a maximum of 1,000 saku with two nets per saku per season (saku is a Japanese nori-farming word for 'an area occupied by one net'). Production values were inconsistent due to vandalism, disease, farming inexperience, site selection, and drought conditions resulting in near zero dissolved nitrogen (N) concentrations. The farm developed the experience to produce and market a crop of organically-produced nori sheets, distributed to health-food stores, by direct mail order, and as a source of fluorescent labelers marketed directly to biomedical concerns.
Participatory research, market access and small-scale commercial aquaculture in central Cameroon.
Authors: Brummett Randall 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Cameroon has a good climate and adequate water, land and fish biodiversity to support aquaculture development. However, lack of market access, e.g. poor roads and high vehicle operation costs, seriously constrains purchase of inputs and sale of outputs, rendering many fish farms unprofitable. A Department for International Development (DFID; UK)-funded participatory action research project, implemented by WorldFish Center and partners, undertook to understand market constraints among small-scale commercial fish farmers in central Cameroon. Differences in the number of buyers, transaction size, market liquidity and size, livestock integration, stocking density, use of purchased feeds, and the number and mix of species cultured were compared among villages with good or poor market access. A multivariate regression model of yield compared productivity factors, yield and differences between rural and periurban sites. Villages with good market access produced significantly more fish and sold them at significantly higher prices, and with higher overall profit margins, than farms with poor market access.
Penaeid shrimp (Penaeus monodon) culture in Bangladesh.
Authors: Huq Khandaker , Shafiq-ur-Rahman  
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The shrimp (Penaeus monodon), locally known as bagda, is known as white gold for its high economic value in Bangladesh. The shrimp sector of Bangladesh is seen as having become important in economic terms, contributing significantly to foreign exchange earnings and employment generation in rural areas. P. monodon culture is practiced in the Bagerhat, Chokoria, Cox's Bazar, Khulna, Moheshkhali, Shatkhira and Teknaf regions and recently has been introduced in some coastal areas of Noakhali district. Three culture systems are found in Bangladesh, i.e. traditional, improved traditional and semi-intensive with production rates of 150-200, 250-400 and 2,000-2500 kg ha-1, respectively. Seed is collected from natural sources and is produced in hatcheries. There are 44 penaeid shrimp hatcheries in Bangladesh. The present shrimp fry production is 3.05 billion. More than 200,000 people are engaged in shrimp fry collection and marketing and more than 350,000 people are engaged in shrimp farming. Ancillary industries like shrimp hatcheries, feed industries, ice factories, processing factories, net industries and shrimp culture apparatus industries provide direct employment for 25,000-30,000 people. Adverse environmental impacts reported are reduction of grazing land and saline water intrusion due to mismanagement but these could be overcome by introducing environmentally friendly shrimp culture. As the climate of Bangladesh is favourable for P. monodon culture, it is necessary to give more attention to improve it as it will open a new horizon in the economy of the country.
Mass production of shrimp seed in Bangladesh: status and potential.
Authors: Rahman Md. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Naturally occurring shrimp fry, carried by tidal action, has been collected on the beach in estuarine areas and in some rivers in Cox's Bazar and Khulna for a long time. Many rural poor people trap the fry using 'behundi' (bag nets) and different kinds of nets and supply them to the shrimp grow-out farmers at a reasonable price. As the year-by-year demand for fry increased, and naturally occurring fry decreased as a result of overfishing, the price of shrimp seed increased. Production of shrimp seed therefore became important for shrimp farming in Bangladesh. Presently about 50 hatcheries produce shrimp seed and their hatchery capacity is not being fully utilised. Limited technical know-how and viral infected (white spot syndrome virus) seed are the major constraints for the shrimp industry in the country. Despite this, shrimp culture is increasing in popularity in Bangladesh because of the potential profitability.
Market channels for aquatic animal products in Hanoi, Vietnam.
Authors: Nguyen Thi Dieu Phuong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Hanoi is one of the two biggest cities in Vietnam and one of the most densely populated cities in the world with about 3,000 people km-2 and more than 1 million visitors annually. A large amount of aquatic animal products (AAPs) is required to feed them. These products include both marine and freshwater products. Marine products are mainly stored on ice while a small quantity is sold live or fresh. Freshwater products are sold live or fresh. The marine products come from the coastal provinces in north Vietnam. The freshwater products come from both Hanoi (10-20%) and neighbouring provinces (80-90%) such as Bac Ninh, Ha Tay, Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Nam Ha, Phu Tho and Vinh Phuc. In Hanoi, AAPs are produced mainly in Thanh Tri district. Some special AAPs may come from Ho Chi Minh City, South Vietnam.
Links between pond and dike, their potential and impacts on livelihood.
Authors: Karim Manjurul , Wahab Md. Abdul , Little David , Shamsul Md. , Marc V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Aquaculture and horticulture are interlinked and both of these agricultural components have considerable importance in the economy of Bangladesh. Most people in this country depend on fish as the principal source of animal protein. Vegetables are also considered by Bangladeshi people as important food items and as a source of micronutrients. Ponds, among various inland water bodies, are the most important water reservoir, providing access to fish, irrigation for surrounding vegetables and rice crops and water for family use, and thus are an integral part of rural and peri-urban households. Integration of crops with fish farming through pond-dike systems may be an economically viable and productive system for both richer and poorer farmers in rural and peri-urban areas in Bangladesh. High-cost inputs in fish farming are not needed in such pond-dike systems, therefore reducing the cost of inputs, provided that there is proper integration between pond and crops grown in the vicinity. A community-level assessment of the importance and role of pond-dike systems and a baseline study, carried out in villages in Mymensingh district in early 2002 by the Pondlive project funded by the European Commission, are outlined.
Kandhkelgaon story - a bold bid by women in Kandhkelgaon Village to break out of their poverty trap.
Authors: Haylor Graham 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

This case study tells the story of the village of Kandhkelgaon in Saintala Block, Bolangir district, Orissa, India, and the role that aquaculture and fisheries can play in the livelihoods of people who are poor in eastern India. It describes how women who could no longer make a living from weaving formed a self-help group (SHG) to start aquaculture activities and how success came, not just through income generation but also by reducing the cost of being poor by achieving access to more financial products such as life insurance and savings. The story highlights the influences that constrain and enhance development, including the value of social capital, the struggle for entitlements, and the sheer bravery and entrepreneurial spirit of people who are poor.
Integration of agri-aqua systems - the Israeli experience.
Authors: Kolkovski Sagiv , Hulata Gideon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Israel is located in the Middle East between Africa, Asia and Europe. Like many semi-arid countries, it faces a water shortage due to limited rainfall and freshwater sources. However, in spite of climatic constraints and overall shortage of water, both agriculture and aquaculture are highly developed. Different methods and solutions to maximize water use were developed to deal with the impediments of water and weather. Agriculture is largely intensive and dependent on irrigation from reservoirs during the dry summer. These irrigation reservoirs are also used for fish culture, in integrated farming systems. Large-scale recirculation systems are in use in which water from fish ponds, and/or tanks in greenhouses or outdoors, is passed through large sediment ponds and water treatment systems before returning to the culture systems. A combination of irrigation reservoirs and fishponds/tanks is also used. Other combinations of fishponds and agricultural crops are also trialed and in use.
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) in ponds and cages in China.
Authors: Yi Yang , Wu Zong-wen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

In China, broodstock conditioning of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is conducted in earthen ponds at a density of 2,250 - 3,000 kg ha-1 and at a male to female ratio of 1:1 or 1:1.25. Vegetation such as duckweed and rye grass and small amounts of farm-made or commercial feed are given. Nursing from fry to fingerlings (early nursing) is done in nursery ponds at a density of 1,500,000 - 2,250,000 fish ha-1 (150-225 m-2). After nursing for 20-30 days, the fish reach 3-4 cm in length and are released into fingerling nursery ponds for advanced nursing. Fingerlings are stocked in fingerling nursery ponds at a density of 3,250-4,000 fingerlings ha-1 (0.325-0.40 m-2). The main feed is pellet feed and grass. After 6 months of culture, the fish can reach 800 g. Then they are released into grow-out ponds or cages. Stocking rates for ponds are 1,650-2,000 fish ha-1 (0.165-0.20 m-2) and 50-80 fish m-2 for cages. Mixed feed is used as the main feed and grass is given as supplementary feed. The fish can reach 1.5-2.0 kg in 1 year and 3.5-5.0 kg in 2 years.
Determination of breeding performances of some commercial fishes of the Bay of Bengal.
Authors: Das Nami 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Bangladesh is blessed with a coastline of 710 km along the north and north-east part of the Bay of Bengal, having a water area of about 48,365 nmi2 (165,887 km2), as large as the country itself. In these marine and coastal waters there are about 475 species of fish, many of which play an important role in the national economy in both employment in fisheries and income generation. Identification of the breeding pattern of commercial fish is important for hatchery installation as well as coastal aquaculture. Summarized data of breeding performances such as breeding season, body length and weight, gonad weight and fecundity of 15 marine fish of the coastal and offshore waters of Bangladesh are given. The breeding pattern of the fish shows a prolonged spawning season, almost throughout the year. Variations in body length and weight, and in gonad weight and fecundity in the marine environment are also given. As these fish are marine, spawning occurs in a salinity of about 30‰ and following larval development in offshore waters, juveniles migrate towards shallow coastal waters, for shelter and feeding, where they pass their young life.
Development of technology and extension for small-scale fish farms in northeast Thailand.
Authors: Edwards Peter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

This case study was prepared as part of an Asian Development Bank (ADB) Special Evaluation Study on Small-Scale Freshwater Rural Aquaculture for Poverty Reduction. It was specifically prepared with the intention to examine the processes in developing appropriate technology options for small-scale fish farming, and to assess the relevance and role of extension for resource poor fish farmers, by drawing on non-ADB experiences of cooperative efforts to develop technology and extension for small-scale household level fish farming. The Aqua Outreach Programme (AOP) of the Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) and the Department of Fisheries (DOF) of Thailand undertook these cooperative efforts. These have taken place in northeast Thailand, the poorest region of the country, and have involved partnerships with a range of local government agencies and non-government organizations (NGOs), and farmers. Freshwater aquaculture is relatively new in northeast Thailand (Setboonsarng, 1994). Although aquaculture is increasing, most of the increase is by better-off farmers, especially in peri-urban areas, and aquaculture remains underdeveloped in most rural areas. The first major aim of the research partnership between DOF and the AOP was to develop appropriate technology for poor farmers in resource poor areas of Asia, with northeast Thailand as a pilot area, because of its marginal characteristics. The research partnership proceeded along a learning curve as it developed appropriate technology and extension for small-scale farmers in resource-poor areas. Assessment of impact of the piloted initiatives demonstrated that the technologies produced by the research had relevance for pro-poor aquaculture under social and economic conditions prevailing at the time the research was carried out. The technologies comprised nursing fish fry to large fingerlings in hapas (fine mesh net cages) in the farmer's pond, and supplementing buffalo manure with urea for pond fertilization for growout (farming of seed fish to market size) following stocking of large fingerlings in fish ponds. As the Thai economy expanded rapidly, a more productive growout technology was piloted as the opportunity cost of labour, and therefore of remaining labour on-farm, had risen. This consisted of hapa nursing followed by growout of sex-reversed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in an inorganically fertilized pond. A distance extension system was piloted because of the absence of a conventional aquaculture extension system.
Bonamiosis in Australasian aquaculture and in the New Zealand wild capture fishery.
Authors: Jones J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

In Australasia, bonamiosis (the disease caused by haplosporidian parasites of the genus Bonamia) was first reported from the New Zealand dredge fishery in the 1980s, and was subsequently reported from oyster farms in both Australia and New Zealand.In New Zealand, Foveaux Strait separates Stewart Island from the South Island. The strait was famous for the quality of the dredge oyster beds that had been fished continuously since the 1860s and were believed to have been carefully managed through a limited effort fishery and a quota.In 1985, fishers reported the occurrence of large numbers of freshly dead oysters on the western central beds. Subsequent examination by aquatic animal health specialists from the Research Division of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (now the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Ltd.) revealed that affected oysters were infected with a species of the haplosporidian parasite, Bonamia exitiosus. Monitoring of the beds in the strait over the next 8 years documented the decline in catch and eventually, in 1993, the fishery was closed. Because of the shortage of oysters and the high prices that were anticipated, a number of aquaculture ventures began in New Zealand during the 1990s, mostly using suspended tray culture. However, attempts failed due to the disease. Also in the 1990s there were attempts to farm Ostrea angasi in Australia. Outbreaks of bonamiosis occurred in oyster farms in Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. The ongoing mortalities have made farming this type of oyster uneconomic in Western Australia. However, some farming of O. angasi is undertaken in New South Wales where bonamiosis has not been reported. This is one of the few examples of a non-introduced disease agent destroying a wild fishery and aquaculture. Recent research has suggested that the impact of the fishery may have triggered the epizootic in Foveaux Strait as well as causing outbreaks in cultivated oysters. This has lessons for fisheries managers.
Aquaculture and poverty in the coastal areas of the Philippines.
Authors: Iz Xavier , Stevenson James R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The relationship between aquaculture and poverty was investigated in five coastal communities in the Philippines which practiced different forms of extensive and semi-intensive fish polyculture. The methodological approach combined the qualitative analysis of how this relationship was perceived by the surveyed households and a quantitative analysis of the levels and determinants of poverty and inequality in these communities. There is overwhelming evidence that aquaculture benefited the poor in important ways and that it was perceived positively by poor and non-poor alike. In particular, the poor derived a relatively larger share of their income from aquaculture than the rich, and a lowering of the poverty line only reinforced this result. Further, it was established that aquaculture represents an inequality-reducing source of income. The pro-poor character of aquaculture in this case study is explained by the fact that the sector provided employment to a large number of unskilled workers in communities characterised by large surpluses of labour.
Agroecological zone-specific fish culture systems in Tien Giang province, Mekong delta, Vietnam.
Authors: Griffiths Donald 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The Rural Extension for Aquaculture Development (READ) project, which operated in Cambodia and Vietnam from 1998 to 2001, confirmed that improved fish production could make significant contributions to the nutrition, well-being and cash income of poor and marginal rural households with small ponds. READ tested a sustainable approach for small-scale aquaculture extension. Farmer problems and needs were first identified for (i) flood prone, (ii) limited water exchange or saline intrusion, (iii) inland and (iv) acid sulphate agro-ecological zones. Farmer-managed on-farm trials to test technologies under appropriate social conditions, on-farm research and on-station research were then conducted, leading to the identification and development of agro-specific aquaculture technologies appropriate for poor and marginal households. Technologies were disseminated to farmers and institutions through the development of extension materials, direct training, and visit programmes for farmers and staff from other key institutions. Project impact was maximised by the use of mass media, including a series of radio programmes, the production of three television documentaries and a series of 12 extension leaflets in Vietnamese used to support training, 9 of which were reprinted with funding from the Central Extension Centre after READ ended. Significant READ successes included the breeding of several indigenous fish species; the establishment of localised fish seed distribution networks of hatcheries and nurseries; and the Vietnam Bank of Agriculture and Rural Development providing credit for fish culture for the first time on the strength of READ trial farmer results. READ moreover facilitated the establishment of a pilot aquaculture extension network at the community level; strengthened links and information flow between key stakeholders; and provided training and support to agencies and institutions (formal and informal) that influence and support the livelihoods of farmers.
Clover yellow mosaic virus.
Authors: Hammond Rosemarie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Clover yellow mosaic virus is not recommended for regulation as a quarantine pest by EPPO and is not included in the EPPO Alert List. A comprehensive pest risk analysis was performed by the UK Food and Environment Agency (FERA): https://secure.fera.defra.gov.uk/phiw/riskRegister/downloadExternalPra.cfm?id=3804.
Paspalum millegrana (yerba brava).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Paspalum millegrana is a perennial grass that forms tough clumps up to 2 m high. Within its native distribution range it is considered a weed of swampy grounds, periodically flooded sites, stream banks, lakesides, areas near mangroves and beaches, irrigation channels, and moist disturbed sites. This species spreads easily by seeds and vegetatively by stem fragments. To date, P. millegrana is only listed as invasive in Cuba.
Paspalum virgatum (sword grass).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Paspalum virgatum is a perennial grass that behaves as a weed, with densely tufted shoots that can grow up to 2 m tall. This species can be found invading swampy grounds, roadsides, pastures and disturbed sites. It spreads by seeds and vegetatively by stem fragments and stolons. Once established, it rapidly becomes the dominant species in grasslands, reducing the commercial value of pasture and displacing desirable grasses and other plant species. Currently, P. virgatum is listed as a weed in Australia and as invasive in Cuba and Taiwan.