bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Air Pollution on Metabolism-Associated Fatty Liver Disease: A Hospital-Based Study
Authors: Wang Ming-wei , Wen Wen , Zhou Meng-yun , Wang Nan , Wang Chun-yi , Ni Jie , Jiang Jing-jie , Zhang Xing-wei , Feng Zhan-Hui , Cheng Yong-Ran 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Many studies have shown that the fine particulate matter in air is related to the incidence rate of chronic diseases. However, research on air pollution and metabolism-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is limited. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the incidence rate of MAFLD and air pollutants.Methods using a quasi-Poisson regression generalized additive model. Stratified analyses by season and age were also performed. Results A 10 µg/m3 increase of PM10, PM2.5, and NO2 concentrations corresponded to 0.82 (95%Cl: 0.49, 1.15), 0.57(95%Cl: 0.18,0.98), and 0.86(95%Cl: 0.59,1.13) elevation in MAFLD. In terms of season, the impact estimates of NO2 and PM2.5 were 3.55 (95% CI, 1.23-5.87) and 1.12 (95% CI, 0.78-1.46) in the hot season and transition season, respectively. Compared with warm season, the impact estimates of PM10 were more significant in the cool season: 2.88 (95% CI, 0.66-5.10). NO2 has the highest effect in the transition season, while PM10 has the highest effect in the cool and hot seasons. In the two age groups with 45 years as the dividing line, PM2.5 has the highest impact estimate: 2.69 (95% CI, 0.77-5.61) and 2.88 (95% CI, 0.37-6.40). The impact values of PM2.5 in male and Female were 3.60 (95% CI, 0.63-6.57) and 1.65 (95% CI, 1.05-2.25), respectively. The most important link is in different lag models, there is a significant correlation.Conclusion: This study shows that the air pollutants are related to the incidence rate of MAFLD. The effects of different air pollutants on MAFLD incidence rate were different in different seasons, ages, and gender. It is found that air pollution has a lag effect on MAFLD.
Validation of the Nutrient-Rich Foods Index Estimated by 24-hour Dietary Recall Method in Chinese Mid-Eastern Adults
Authors: Zhai Junya , Ma Baihui , LYU Quanjun , Guo Lijun , Khatun Pipasha , Cong Minghua , Kong Yongxia , Liang Rui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
ObjectivesThe Nutrient-Rich Foods (NRF) Index is an important nutrient profiling model. Nutrition quality indices need to be tested and validated against the quality of the total diet and against health outcomes. A family of NRF indices was validated against the mean adequacy ratio (MAR), an overall measure of the nutrient adequacy. Besides, we examined the associations between the NRF index and obesity indicators. MethodsA total of 656 persons aged 18-75 years from Henan province of China since 2020 were studied. All foods consumed by participants were scored using NRFn.2 (where n= 6–11) indices based on unweighted sums, means, and ratios of percent Chinese Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for beneficial nutrients (n) and nutrients to limit (2). NRF index scores in this study were calculated on 100 g, 100 kcal basis. The measure of index performance was the percentage of adjusted variation in MAR (R2). Multi-factor logistic regression models were used to examine the association between the NRF index scores and obesity indicators.ResultsThe NRF9.2 index, based on 9 beneficial nutrients and 2 nutrients to limit, using the algorithm based on sums and 100 kcal, was the best predicted model, with an adjusted R2 of 0.23 by multiple adjustments. The odds ratio (OR) for overweight (defined by BMI) in the 4th quartile (Q4) versus the 1st quartile (Q1) of the NRF9.2 index was 0.61 (95% CI=0.37, 0.98) after multiple adjustments. However, the NRF9.2 index score was not related to central obesity.Conclusion﻿NRF9.2 index, using the algorithm based on sums and 100 kcal, was the best predicted model. NRF9.2 index scores were associated with BMI. These results revealed that the NRF9.2 index can be used as a validated tool to assess the overall diet quality among mid-eastern Chinese adults.
ECG with Prior Myocardial Infarction Pattern or acute ST-T Pathology is Associated with Death in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Rosen Jacob , Noreland Maria , Stattin Karl , Lipcsey Miklós , Frithiof Robert , Malinovschi Andrei , Hultström Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Electrocardiographic (ECG) pathology in critically ill Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has not previously been characterized. We investigated the prevalence of ECG abnormalities and their association with mortality, organ dysfunction and cardiac biomarkers in a cohort of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: This cohort study included patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU of a tertiary hospital in Sweden. ECG, clinical data and laboratory findings during ICU stay were extracted from medical records and ECGs obtained near ICU admission were reviewed by two independent physicians. Results: Eighty patients had an acceptable ECG near ICU-admission. In the entire cohort 30-day mortality was 28%. Compared to patients with normal ECG, among whom 30-day mortality was 16%, patients with ECG fulfilling criteria for prior myocardial infarction had higher mortality, 63%, odds ratio (OR) 9.61 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.02-55.6) adjusted for Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 and patients with ST-T abnormalities had 50% mortality and OR 6.05 (95% CI 1.82-21.3) in univariate analysis. Both prior myocardial infarction pattern and ST-T pathology were associated with need for vasoactive treatment and higher peak plasma levels of troponin-I, NT-pro-BNP (N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide), and lactate during ICU stay compared to patients with normal ECG. Conclusion: ECG with prior myocardial infarction pattern or acute ST-T pathology at ICU admission is associated with death, need for vasoactive treatment and higher levels of biomarkers of cardiac damage and strain in severely ill COVID-19 patients, and should alert clinicians to a poor prognosis.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials ID: NCT04316884. Registered 20 March 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04316884.
A Comparative Study of Multiple Neural Network for Detection of Covid 19 on Chest X-Ray
Authors: Shazia Anis , Xuan Tan Zi , Chuah Joon Huang , Usman Juliana , Qian Pengjiang , Lai Khin Wee 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Coronavirus disease of 2019 or Covid-19 is a rapidly spreading viral infection that has affected millions all over the world. With its rapid spread and increasing numbers it is becoming over-whelming for the healthcare workers ta rapidly diagnose the condition and contain it from spreading. Hence it has become a necessity to automate the diagnostic procedure. This will improve the work efficiency as well as keep the healthcare workers safe from getting exposed to the virus. Medical image analysis is one of the rising research areas that can tackle this issue with higher accuracy. This paper conducts a comparative study of the use of the recent deep learning models (VGG16, VGG19, DenseNet121, Inception-ResNet-V2, InceptionV3, Resnet50, and Xception) to deal with detection and classification of coronavirus pneumonia from other pneumonia cases. This study uses 7,165 chest X-ray images of Covid-19 (1536) and Pneumonia (5629) patients. Confusion metrics and performance metrics were used to analyze each model. Results show DenseNet121 (99.48% of accuracy) showed better performance when compared with the other models in this study.
CCR2 and PTPRC are regulators of Tumor Microenvironment and potential prognostic biomarkers of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Chengbang , Wei Jie , Fang DaLang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an essential role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) development and metastasis. With the development of TME research, it has been proved that differences in tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and gene expression profile are related to the prognosis of cancer. Our study aimed to identify key genes affecting immune state in TME of LUAD. We downloaded the RNA-seq data of LUAD cases from the TCGA database. ImmuneScore, StromalScore and ESTIMATEScore of each LUAD sample were calculated using ESTIMATE algorithm. Based on the median of different scores, LUAD samples were divided into high and low score groups. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between groups were obtained, and univariate Cox regression analysis and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were used to screen shared DEGs generating in the intersection analysis. CIBORSORT algorithm was performed to calculate the relative contents of TICs for each LUAD sample, and correlation analysis between TICs and key genes was used to determine the influence of key genes to the TME. Finally, CCR2 and PTPRC, affecting the immune status of TME and the prognosis of LUAD, were acquired. Analysis based on the CIBERSORT algorithm suggested that CCR2 and PTPRC were correlated with a variety of TICs, and closely related to the clinical characteristics of the LUAD patients. Our research showed that CCR2 and PTPRC may be potential prognostic markers in LUAD, which may affect function of γδT cells and other immune cells by participating in the regulation of TME immune state.
EGFR TKI Combined with PD1 Inhibitor for EGFR Mutated Lung Cancer with Breast Metastasis
Authors: Gu Xuyu , Gao Chanchan , Wang Longfei , Zheng Shiya 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma with breast metastasis is rare. In the present study, a case of an advanced patient with breast metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma with EGFR 21 exon p.L858R mutation who underwent EGFR TKI combined with PD1 inhibitor is reported.Case presentation: A 62-year-old female patient diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma who had undergone six times disease progress and breast metastasis in fifth-time disease progress.The patient underwent left breast puncture and axillary lymph node in ultrasound-guided and the postoperative pathological diagnosis of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma was confirmed. And then gene detection showed EGFR 21 exon p.L858R mutation. Breast metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma was diagnosed and the patient is being treated with Almonertinib combined with PD1 inhibitor.Conclusion: Breast metastasis is rare and lung adenocarcinoma might be the primary disease. Gene indection is important. And for lung cancer patients with recurrent pleural effusion, visit of the breast should be included in the follow-up process. In addition, the treatment model of interspersed immunotherapy after EGFR resistance has brought new ideas for the treatment of lung cancer with breast metastasis.
Analysis of Microbial Diversity and Variation Law During Xiaoqu Baijiu Fermentation using High-throughput Sequencing Technology
Authors: Wang Qing , Xiang Xiaoqing , Wu PengFei , Han Guoqiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) was used to compare and analyze the microbial diversity and variation law during the brewing process of xiaoqu Baijiu. The results showed that 34 phyla, 378 genera of bacteria and 4 phyla, 32 genera of fungi were detected. At the phylum level, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Ascomycota and Bacteroidetes were the dominant groups. During the brewing process of xiaoqu Baijiu, the dominant bacteria were Weissella and unidentified Rickettsiales 2 days before brewing and Lactobacillus 3 days after brewing until the end of brewing. The dominant fungi were Rhizopus, Saccharomyces and Issatchenkia. The relative abundance of Rhizopus decreased with the extension of brewing time, while the relative abundance of Saccharomyces increased and became the dominant bacteria after the second day of brewing. This study revealed the diversity and variation of microbial community in the brewing process of xiaoqu Baijiu, and provide theoretical support and lay the foundation for future study on the contribution of microbial metabolism during brewing of xiaoqu Baijiu, thereby promote the development of xiaoqu baijiu industry.
Donath-Landsteiner test
Authors: Kilty M. , Ipe T.S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Donath-Landsteiner (DL) test is a serologic test used to detect the presence of a biphasic hemolysin. This autoantibody is seen in patients with paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria. The test relies on the characteristic cold binding of an IgG autoantibody with specificity to the P blood group antigen. This autoantibody causes complement-mediated red blood cell (RBC) lysis when warmed to body temperature. In this review, we describe the various methods for performing the DL test—namely a direct test, an indirect test, an indirect test with modifications such as the use of enzyme-treated RBCs and two stages, and an indirect antiglobulin DL test—and highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each. Our focus is on the indirect testing method as it is most commonly used in blood bank laboratories.
An update on the CD59 blood group system
Authors: Weinstock C. , Anliker M. , von Zabern I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This update of the CD59 blood group system (Weinstock C, Anliker M, von Zabern I. CD59: a long-known complement inhibitor has advanced to a blood group system. Immunohematology 2015;31:145–51) increases the number of reported patients with CD59 deficiency from 10 to 14. All of these 14 patients suffered from severe illness. Recently, a new variant allele was found in heterozygosity. Flow cytometry data suggest that this variant was expressed on the red blood cells of the propositus. Although additional alleles have been found, the CD59 system (International Society of Blood Transfusion system 35) continues to have one antigen.
Geroprotective potential of in vitro bioactive compounds isolated from yarrow (Achilleae millefolii L.) cell cultures
Authors: Asyakina Lyudmila , Fotina Natal’ya , Izgarysheva Natalia , Slavyanskiy Anatoliy , Neverova Olga 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. There is an urgent need for geroprotectors that prevent premature aging, especially antioxidants of plant origin. Due to the shortage of medicinal plant materials, scientists look for alternative sources of bioactive compounds of phenolic nature, for example, cell cultures and organs of higher plants. This paper describes a study of the geroprotective potential of in vitro bioactive compounds isolated from yarrow (Achilleae millefolii L.) cell cultures.
Study objects and methods. Callus, suspension and hairy root cultures of A. millefolii were obtained by in vitro cultivation on modified nutrient media. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to analyze the composition of the cell cultures and ethanol extracts. The extracts’ antimicrobial activity was studied by the disk diffusion method and their antioxidant activity was measured based on titration of a potassium permanganate solution.
Results and discussion. The biomass of all yarrow cell cultures contained essential oils, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic acids, carotenoids, as well as vitamins C and E. The suspension culture had a higher content of essential oils, flavonoids and glycosides than the callus and hairy root cultures. The extracts of the A. millefolii suspension culture also contained geroprotectors – phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and simple phenols, with a prevalence of caffeic acid, cynaroside, 4,5-dicofeylquinic acid, apigenin, and luteolin. In addition, HPLC revealed the presence of cumic aldehyde, umbelliferone, 3-caffeylquinic acid, and caffeic acid – the bioactive compounds previously not reported in yarrow. In vitro experiments with the extracts proved their antimicrobial and antioxidant activity.
Conclusion. The complex of bioactive compounds isolated from the biomass of yarrow suspension culture provides this plant with potential geroprotective properties. Thus, yarrow can be used to create nutraceuticals that prevent premature aging.
An evaluation of CMIP5 precipitation simulations using ground observations over ten river basins in China
Authors: Yang Xiuqin , Yong Bin , Yu Zhiguo , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Using the precipitation measurements obtained from 2,419 ground meteorological stations over China from 1960 to 2005 as benchmark, the performance of 21 single-mode precipitation data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) were evaluated using Taylor diagrams and several statistical metrics. Based on statistical metrics, the models were ranked in terms of their ability to reproduce similar patterns in precipitation relative to the observations. Except in Southeast and Pearl river basins, research results show that all model ensemble means overestimate in the rest of the river basins, especially in Southwest and Northwest. The performance of CMIP5 models is quite different among each river basin; most models show significant overestimation in Northwest and Yellow and significant underestimations in Southeast and Pearl. The simulations are more reliable in Songhua, Liao, Yangtze, and Pearl than in other river basins according to spatial distribution and interannual variability. No individual model performs well in all the river basins both spatially and temporally. In Songhua, Liao, Yangtze, and Pearl, precipitation indices are more consistent with observations, and the spread among models is smaller. The multimodel ensemble selected from the most reasonable models indicates improved performance relative to all model ensembles.
The study on the time lag of water level in the Three Gorges Reservoir under the regulation processes
Authors: He Kunlong , Shi Hongwei , Chen Chenchen , Cheng Yao , Liu Jiao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The identification of the water level time lag (WLTL) under the regulation processes is of great significance for environmental impact, flood control, and sediment transport of huge reservoirs. The traditional hydrodynamic method can calculate the flood inflow process and the water level change process along the river channel, but it is difficult to estimate the time difference of the reservoir water level fluctuation to the dispatching process. To quantitatively evaluate the reservoir regulation effect on the WLTL in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), the daily water level data from 2011 to 2017 of five stations in the TGR are analyzed in this paper. The results revealed that there is a significant water level difference along the reservoir from April 1 to October 31. The gap between the end of the reservoir and the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) is the largest, reaching 23.67 m on July 2. The longer the distance from the TGD, the longer the time lag. Furthermore, the WLTL is also different at the four different operating periods of the reservoir in a year. During the low water level operation period and high water level operation period, the time lag is 3 days which is the greatest, while in the water level decline period and water level rise period, the time lag is within 2 days.
Treatment of drinking water for rural households using Moringa seed and solar disinfection
Authors: Marobhe Nancy Jotham , Sabai Shadrack Mwita 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rural populations in Tanzania use unsafe drinking water from unimproved water sources which are inadequately treated using plant seed powder. The effectiveness of defatted crude seed extract (dCSE) of Moringa oleifera along with water filtration and solar disinfection (SODIS) for rural household water treatment was investigated. The performance of dCSE in turbidity and bacteria reduction was evaluated in 20 L buckets using river water with varied turbidities. Coagulation–flocculation processes were conducted using different dosages of 5% (Weight/Volume) dCSE. Optimum dosage for maximum turbid removal was established after 2–6 h of settling time. Optimum dosages of dCSE were 20, 30 and 80 mL/20 L for water with a turbidity of 150, 450 and 1,000 NTU with turbidity removal efficiencies of 98, 99 and 99%, respectively. The filtration process was able to remove about 66% of suspended solids from pretreated water by dCSE after coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation. SODIS of pretreated water in black painted and unpainted bottles removed 99 and 97.6%; 99.9 and 98.6% of total and fecal coliforms after 6 h of sunlight exposure, respectively. The pH and color of treated water were within Tanzania Standards. This study recommends dCSE, filtration and SODIS for use at household level for water treatment and storage using pots.
Nitrogen removal by different riparian vegetation buffer strips with different stand densities and widths
Authors: Lv Jian , Wu Yongbo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe migration of nitrogen (N) from farmland to lake aggravates eutrophication. Riparian buffer strips (RBSs) are crucial in alleviating nitrogen into water bodies. This study examined the impacts of different RBS patterns on nitrogen removal. The effects of different RBSs of various widths (5, 15, 30, and 40 m), with different vegetation types (Taxodium hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan’, poplar (Nanlin-95), and a mixed forest of T. hybrid ‘Zhongshanshan’ and poplar) and at different densities (400, 1,000, and 1,600 plants·hm−2) on the TN, NH4+-N and NO3−-N removal rates in different depths of runoff water were studied. The results showed that the 15 m-wide RBS removed nitrogen the most effectively, with average removal rates of NH4+-N, NO3−-N and TN reaching 67.79%, 65.93% and 65.08%, respectively. Among the RBSs with different vegetation types, the poplar forest RBS removed the most NH4+-N (74.28%) and NO3−-N (61.71%). The mixed-forest RBS removed the most TN (65.57%). The RBS with 1,000 plants·hm−2 was more suitable in terms of the removal of NH4+-N (74.25%), NO3−-N (71.08%) and TN (62.67%). The conclusion can provide the basis of vegetation and width optimization for the design and construction of an RBS for maximum eutrophication nutrient removal.
Investigation of sesame processing wastewater treatment with combined electrochemical and membrane processes
Authors: Isik Zelal , Bouchareb Raouf , Saleh Mohammed , Dizge Nadir 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the treatability of the wastewater generated from the sesame seeds dehulling process by a combination of electrochemical techniques with a membrane filtration system. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and phenol removal performances were studied for four different cathodes material (iron (Fe), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), and boron-doped diamond (BDD)) at different current densities in the electrochemical treatment stage. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained when the BDD electrodes were used. The optimum conditions were 100 A/m2 of current density and 120 min of electrolysis period, where 40% and 85% of COD and phenol removals subsequently were achieved. The generated water from the first stage was passed through two different membrane systems. The membrane systems were microfiltration and ultrafiltration. The uptake performance for microfiltration was 22% and 17% for COD and phenol reduction subsequently. The ultrafiltration performed well and has given an additional removal of 27% and 20% of both COD and phenol reduction, respectively. The final results showed the importance of the studied combined systems and the additional value to the final obtained water quality.