bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative ultrastructure of trichomes on various organs of Rosa roxburghii
Authors: Wang Dao‐Jing , Lu Min , Ludlow Richard A. , Zeng Jing‐Wen , Ma Wen‐Tao , An Hua‐Ming 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChestnut rose, R. roxburghii Tratt. (Rosaceae) (RR) is an important crop in China due to its nutritional and medicinal values. RR frequently produces trichomes on the surfaces of a diverse range of organs, however a genetic component exists to the control of trichome development, with some cultivars having significantly fewer trichomes to others. Certain varieties have fruits that are thickly covered with macroscopic trichomes, which is an undesirable trait for fruit processing and consumption. However, smooth‐fruit cultivars exist, such as R. roxburghii Tratt. f. esetosa Ku (RRE). Despite their economic importance, the anatomical features of trichomes have not been explored in detail for these two chestnut rose germplasms. Here, we investigate the ultrastructure of trichomes distributed on the stem, sepal, and fruit of RR and RRE using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The internal structure of stem prickle trichomes in RR and RRE was oval in shape and did not contain nucleoli or other organelles. The cell walls of stem prickles in RR are thick and the intercellular spaces occupied with liquid, whereas the cells wall of stem prickles in RRE are thin and have air‐filled intercellular spaces. The cells of sepal acicular trichomes in RR and glandular trichomes (GTs) of sepals in RRE had similar vacuole sizes, cytoplasm content, intercellular spaces, and arrangement of plastids within cells. However, there were osmiophilic granules present in the GTs of RRE. The flagelliform trichomes in the sepals of the two germplasms are composed of oval or rod‐shaped cells. Although the flagelliform trichomes in the sepals of the two germplasms had a similar internal structure, and both contained starch grains and plastids with visible thylakoid membranes, the flagelliform trichomes in the sepals of RR had a thinner cell wall and a higher proportion of cytoplasm which was more evenly distributed across the cell. There were granules that stained heavily with osmium tetroxide which occurred infrequently in the flagelliform trichomes of sepals in RRE but were not observed in RR. On the acicular trichomes of fruit in RR, the flagelliform trichomes and the GTs of fruit in RRE shared similar cell morphology, arrangement and vacuole size as well as intercellular space. Both the fruit flagelliform trichomes and GTs in RRE contain granules which stain heavily with osmium tetroxide, and the GTs contain plastids and starch grains. These differences in trichome cell ultrastructure may be related to developmental processes or biological functions of the trichomes. These results also suggest that the two chestnut rose germplasms are good candidates for further study of trichome ontogeny in the genus and subsequent breeding of the smooth organ trait in this species.
Assessing sensitivity to change of the genomics outcome scale (GOS)
Authors: Ting Michael Sing Onn , Clarke Angus , McAllister Marion 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Genetic Counseling Outcome Scale (GCOS‐24) is a 24‐item patient‐reported outcome measure (PROM) that was developed to evaluate genetic counseling and testing services by measuring the construct of empowerment. The Genomics Outcome Scale (GOS) is a 6‐item version of GCOS‐24 that was designed to provide a PROM for use both within and outside clinical genetics services and reduce respondent burden. However, unlike GCOS‐24, the sensitivity to change of the GOS has not yet been assessed in appropriate clinical settings. We carried out pre‐ and post‐clinic surveys using the GOS to assess sensitivity to change of the GOS and produce before‐and‐after GOS data as part of a service evaluation. The survey was sent to patients attending the genetic counseling clinic for a first appointment at the All Wales Medical Genetic Service from 8 April 2019 to 18 September 2019. Patients attending disease management clinics, where genetic issues were not the primary concern, were excluded from this study. A total of 138 respondents were included in the final analysis. The result shows that empowerment scores, measured using the GOS, were significantly higher (p<0.05) after clinic attendance. The GOS shows good sensitivity to change, with a medium‐to‐large effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.73). The result also shows that the service is delivering measurable benefits for its service users.
No effect of resveratrol in patients with mitochondrial myopathy: A cross‐over randomized controlled trial
Authors: Løkken Nicoline , Khawajazada Tahmina , Storgaard Jesper Helbo , Raaschou‐Pedersen Daniel , Christensen Maja Elling , Hornsyld Tessa Munkeboe , Krag Thomas , Ørngreen Mette C. , Vissing John 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMitochondrial myopathies (MM) are caused by mutations that typically affect genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Main symptoms are exercise intolerance and fatigue. Currently, there is no specific treatment for MM. Resveratrol (RSV) is a nutritional supplement that in preclinical studies has been shown to stimulate mitochondrial function. We hypothesized that RSV could improve exercise capacity in patients with MM. The study design was randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over and placebo‐controlled. Eleven patients with genetically verified MM were randomized to receive either 1000 mg/day RSV or placebo (P) for 8 weeks followed by a 4‐week washout and then the opposite treatment. Primary outcomes were changes in heart rate (HR) during submaximal cycling exercise and peak oxygen utilization (VO2max) during maximal exercise. Secondary outcomes included reduction in perceived exertion, changes in lactate concentrations, self‐rated function (SF‐36) and fatigue scores (FSS), activities of electron transport chain complexes I and IV in mononuclear cells and mitochondrial biomarkers in muscle tissue among others. There were no significant differences in primary and secondary outcomes between treatments. Mean HR changes were −0.3 ± 4.3 (RSV) vs 1.8 ± 5.0 bpm (P), P = .241. Mean VO2max changes were 0.7 ± 1.4 (RSV) vs −0.2 ± 2.3 mL/min/kg (P), P = .203. The study provides evidence that 1000 mg RSV daily is ineffective in improving exercise capacity in adults with MM. These findings indicate that previous in vitro studies suggesting a therapeutic potential for RSV in MM, do not translate into clinically meaningful effects in vivo.
Clinical impact of magnetic resonance imaging distortions on gamma knife radiosurgery
Authors: Jacobson Sinead , Jones Catherine , Lusk Ryan , Jenkins Mike , Chamunyonga Crispen , Pinkham Mark B , Brown Elizabeth 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred imaging modality for Leksell Gamma Knife® (LGK) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatment planning (TP) due to superior soft tissue definition compared to computed tomography (CT). However, inherent distortions in MRI can affect treatment accuracy. The aim of this study was to develop a model to visualise the effect of MRI distortion on LGK SRS target coverage.MethodsA model was developed using MR images of a QUASARTM GRID3D QA phantom. One hundred and twenty‐five points were compared against known phantom geometry. Using linear interpolation, the model was applied retrospectively to 10 brain metastases patient data sets treated with LGK. The model estimated the corrected shot position accounting for distortion. A total of 44 metastases were investigated regarding the effects of MRI distortion on target coverage.ResultsThe model indicated significantly reduced mean error by 0.30 mm and variance by 0.09 mm (P = 0.008). After model application, 23 (53%) metastases showed reduced coverage. Six of the 23 metastases were deemed to be potentially clinically significant changes. Results indicated MRI distortion had a greater effect on smaller targets (mean 0.06cc) located further away from the image isocentre (mean 64.88 mm).ConclusionThis study developed a model to visualise the effect of MRI distortion on LGK SRS target coverage. Results suggest that MRI distortion can affect target coverage and the developed model may be one method to assess its impact. These results indicate that MRI distortion may have a greater effect on smaller targets located at the image periphery.
Betacoronaviruses genome analysis reveals evolution toward specific codons usage: Implications for SARS‐CoV‐2 mitigation strategies
Authors: Lopes Elisson N. , Fonseca Vagner , Frias Diego , Tosta Stephane , Salgado Álvaro , Assunção Vialle Ricardo , Paulo Eduardo Toscano S. , Barreto Fernanda K. , Ariston de Azevedo Vasco , Guarino Michele , Angeletti Silvia , Ciccozzi Massimo , Junior Alcantara Luiz C. , Giovanetti Marta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has rapidly widespread worldwide becoming one of the major global public health issues of the last centuries. Currently, COVID‐19 vaccine rollouts are finally upon us carrying the hope of herd immunity once a sufficient proportion of the population has been vaccinated or infected, as a new horizon. However, the emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants brought concerns since, as the virus is exposed to environmental selection pressures, it can mutate and evolve, generating variants that may possess enhanced virulence. Codon usage analysis is a strategy to elucidate the evolutionary pressure of the viral genome suffered by different hosts, as possible cause of the emergence of new variants. Therefore, to get a better picture of the SARS‐CoV‐2 codon bias, we first identified the relative codon usage rate of all Betacoronaviruses lineages. Subsequently, we correlated putative cognate transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNAs) to reveal how those viruses adapt to hosts in relation to their preferred codon usage. Our analysis revealed seven preferred codons located in three different open reading frame which appear preferentially used by SARS‐CoV‐2. In addition, the tRNA adaptation analysis indicates a wide strategy of competition between the virus and mammalian as principal hosts highlighting the importance to reinforce the genomic monitoring to prompt identify any potential adaptation of the virus into new potential hosts which appear to be crucial to prevent and mitigate the pandemic.
IoT based energy management in smart energy system: A hybrid SO2SA technique
Authors: Muthubalaji Sankaramoorthy , Srinivasan Sundararajan , Lakshmanan Muthuramalingam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this manuscript, an energy management system (EMS) is proposed to the distribution system (DS) using Internet of Things (IoT) framework with a hybrid system. The proposed hybrid method is the combination of the Seagull Optimization Algorithm (SOA) and Owl Search Algorithm (OSA), hence it is called SO2SA technique. The principle objective of the SO2SA technique is to optimize managing distribution system power and resources through continuous monitoring of the data from a communication framework based on IoT. In SO2SA technique, every home device is connected to the module of data acquisition, which indicates an IoT object along with a unique IP address as a result of huge mesh wireless network devices. The sending data are processed through SO2SA technique. Similarly, the IoT architecture of the distribution system enhances the flexibility of these networks and gives optimal utilization of obtainable resources. In addition, the SO2SA technique is responsible for meeting the overall power and supply requirements. The proposed method is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink site and the efficiency is likened to the other different methods. In 50 trail numbers, the RMSE, MAPE, and MBE range of SO2SA technique represents 5.63, 0.90, and 1.035. Thus, the proposed technique is highly competent over all the existing approaches.
Sedimentology of a Late Quaternary lacustrine record from the south‐eastern Carpathian Basin
Authors: Zeeden Christian , Hambach Ulrich , Klasen Nicole , Fischer Peter , Schulte Philipp , Nett Janina J. , Veres Daniel , Obreht Igor , Chu Wei , Papadopoulou Maria , Viehberg Finn , SchÄBitz Frank , Gavrilov Milivoj B. , MarkoviĆ Slobodan B. , VÖTT Andreas , Lehmkuhl Frank 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThe Upper Pleistocene geoarchives in the south‐eastern Carpathian Basin are represented predominantly by loess–palaeosol records. In 2015, a 10 m sediment core composed of clay‐rich lacustrine sediments was recovered by vibracoring a dry lake basin located between the Vršac Mountains (Serbia) and the Banat Sands in the south‐eastern Carpathian Basin; a location relevant for placing regional archaeological results in a palaeoenvironmental context. Here, we present results from geoelectrical prospection and a lithostratigraphic interpretation of this sequence supported by a detailed granulometric study supplemented by ostracod analysis. An age model based on luminescence dating is discussed against sedimentological proxy data and its implication for palaeoenvironmental change. The cores show a stratigraphy of lighter ochre‐coloured and darker greyish sediment, related to the deposition of clay and silt trapped in an aquatic environment. Geophysical measurements show ~20 m thick lacustrine sediments. The grain‐size distributions including the variability in fine clay are indicative of a lacustrine environment. Fine particles were brought into the depositional environments by aquatic input and settled from suspension; also, direct dust input is constrained by grain‐size results. Riverine input and aeolian dust input interplayed at the locality.
Impacts of Camellia sinensis fermentation end‐product (black tea) on retinal microvasculature: an updated OCTA analysis
Authors: Doğan Mustafa , Akdoğan Müberra , Alizada Anar , Eroğul Özgür , Sabaner Mehmet Cem , Gobeka Hamidu Hamisi , Gülyeşil Furkan Fatih , Seylan Mehmet Akif 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDTea, second only to water, is one of the most regularly consumed drinks in the world. Its potentially beneficial effects on general health may be enormously important. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) now allows clinicians to examine the acute retinal morphological changes caused by black tea consumption. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute impacts of a Camellia sinensis fermentation end‐product (black tea) on retinal microvasculature in healthy individuals using OCTA.RESULTSIn this study, 60 healthy people were divided into two groups: group 1 (n = 30) received black tea (2 mg/250 mL of water) and group 2 (n = 30) received only 250 mL of water. Following consumption, AngioVue Analytics software automatically analyzed the foveal, parafoveal, perifoveal macular superficial and deep vascular plexus densities, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ perimeter and foveal vessel density in a 300 μm wide region around the FAZ (FD‐300). Male‐to‐female ratios were 19:11 and 15:15 in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.217). Mean age was 33.27 ± 7.92 years in group 1 and 31.00 ± 7.30 years in group 2 (P = 0.254). Changes in foveal, perifoveal and parafoveal macular vessel density between groups 1 and 2 were not statistically significant. In addition, no significant differences regarding FAZ, FAZ perimeter and FD‐300 were observed.CONCLUSIONThere were no acute effects of black tea on macular microcirculation in healthy individuals. The authors, however, believe that this study could serve as a model for future research on the relationship between regular tea consumption and general ocular physiology. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Hybridization of Step‐/Chain‐Growth and Radical/Cationic Polymerizations Using Thioacetals as Key Components for Triblock, Periodic and Random Multiblock Copolymers with Thermoresponsiveness
Authors: Uchiyama Mineto , Osumi Masahiro , Satoh Kotaro , Kamigaito Masami 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA novel strategy for synthesizing a series of multiblock copolymers is developed by combining radical/cationic step‐growth polymerizations of dithiols and divinyl ethers and chain‐growth cationic degenerative chain‐transfer (DT) polymerizations of vinyl ethers using thioacetals as key components. The combination of radical step‐growth polymerization and a cationic thiol‐ene reaction or cationic step‐growth polymerization enables the synthesis of a series of macro chain‐transfer agents (CTAs) composed of poly(thioether) and thioacetal groups at different positions. The resulting products are 1) bifunctional macro CTAs with thioacetal groups at both chain ends, 2) periodic macro CTAs periodically having thioacetal groups in the main chain, and 3) random macro CTAs randomly having thioacetal groups in the main chain. Subsequently, the obtained macro CTAs are used for chain‐growth cationic DT polymerization of methoxyethyl vinyl ether (MOVE) to result in 1) triblock, 2) periodic, and 3) random multiblock copolymers consisting of poly(thioether) and poly(MOVE) segments. All these triblock and multiblock copolymers composed of hydrophobic poly(thioether) and hydrophilic poly(MOVE) segments show an amphiphilic tendency to form characteristic micelles in aqueous solutions. In addition, due to the thermoresponsive poly(MOVE) segments, the obtained copolymers exhibit lower critical solution temperatures that depend on the segment sequences and lengths.
An Update on the Phenotype, Genotype and Neurobiology of ADCY5‐Related Disease
Authors: Ferrini Arianna , Steel Dora , Barwick Katy , Kurian Manju A. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTAdenylyl cyclase 5 (ADCY5)‐related phenotypes comprise an expanding disease continuum, but much remains to be understood about the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. ADCY5‐related disease comprises a spectrum of hyperkinetic disorders involving chorea, myoclonus, and/or dystonia, often with paroxysmal exacerbations. Hypotonia, developmental delay, and intellectual disability may be present. The causative gene encodes adenylyl cyclase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic adenosine‐3′,5′‐monophosphate (cAMP). cAMP is a second messenger that exerts a wide variety of effects via several intracellular signaling pathways. ADCY5 is the most commonly expressed isoform of adenylyl cyclase in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) of the striatum, and it integrates and controls dopaminergic signaling. Through cAMP pathway, ADCY5 is a key regulator of the cortical and thalamic signaling that control initiation of voluntary movements and prevention of involuntary movements. Gain‐of‐function mutations in ADCY5 have been recently linked to a rare genetic disorder called ADCY5‐related dyskinesia, where dysregulation of the cAMP pathway leads to reduced inhibitory activity and involuntary hyperkinetic movements. Here, we present an update on the neurobiology of ADCY5, together with a detailed overview of the reported clinical phenotypes and genotypes. Although a range of therapeutic approaches has been trialed, there are currently no disease‐modifying treatments. Improved in vitro and in vivo laboratory models will no doubt increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of this rare genetic movement disorder, which will improve diagnosis, and also facilitate the development of precision medicine approaches for this, and other forms of hyperkinesia. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Quantitative assessment of ensemble coherency in contrast‐free ultrasound microvasculature imaging
Authors: Nayak Rohit , MacNeill Justin , Flores Cecilia , Webb Jeremy , Fatemi Mostafa , Alizad Azra 
Published: May 2021

PurposeContrast‐free visualization of microvascular blood flow (MBF) using ultrasound can play a valuable role in diagnosis and detection of diseases. In this study, we demonstrate the importance of quantifying ensemble coherence for robust MBF imaging. We propose a novel approach to quantify ensemble coherence by estimating the local spatiotemporal correlation (LSTC) image, and evaluate its efficacy through simulation and in vivo studies.MethodsThe in vivo patient studies included three volunteers with a suspicious breast tumor, 15 volunteers with a suspicious thyroid tumor, and two healthy volunteers for renal MBF imaging. The breast data displayed negligible prior motion and were used for simulation analysis involving synthetically induced motion, to assess its impact on ensemble coherency and motion artifacts in MBF images. The in vivo thyroid data involved complex physiological motion due to its proximity to the pulsating carotid artery, which was used to assess the in vivo efficacy of the proposed technique. Further, in vivo renal MBF images demonstrated the feasibility of using the proposed ensemble coherence metric for curved array‐based MBF imaging involving phase conversion. All ultrasound data were acquired at high imaging frame rates and the tissue signal was suppressed using spatiotemporal clutter filtering. Thyroid tissue motion was estimated using two‐dimensional normalized cross correlation‐based speckle tracking, which was subsequently used for ensemble motion correction. The coherence of the MBF image was quantified based on Casorati correlation of the Doppler ensemble.ResultsThe simulation results demonstrated that an increase in ensemble motion corresponded with a decrease in ensemble coherency, which reciprocally degraded the MBF images. Further the data acquired from breast tumors demonstrated higher ensemble coherency than that from thyroid tumors. Motion correction improved the coherence of the thyroid MBF images, which substantially improved its visualization. The proposed coherence metrics were also useful in assessing the ensemble coherence for renal MBF imaging. The results also demonstrated that the proposed coherence metric can be reliably estimated from downsampled ensembles (by up to 90), thus allowing improved computational efficiency for potential applications in real‐time MBF imaging.ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrates the importance of assessing ensemble coherency in contrast‐free MBF imaging. The proposed LSTC image quantified coherence of the Doppler ensemble for robust MBF imaging. The results obtained from this pilot study are promising, and warrant further development and in vivo validation.