bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychologische und Magnetresonanztomographie(MRT)-Diagnostik bei sekundär progredienter Multipler Sklerose
Authors: Penner I.-K. , Gass A. , Schreiber H. , Wattjes M. P. 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Multiple Sklerose ist im longitudinalen Verlauf oft ein Krankheitskontinuum mit initial schubförmig-remittierender Phase (RRMS) und späterer sekundärer Progredienz (SPMS). Die meisten bisher zugelassenen Therapien sind bei SPMS nicht ausreichend wirksam. Die frühe Erkennung der SPMS-Konversion ist daher entscheidend für die Therapiewahl. Wichtige Entscheidungshilfen können dabei die Testung kognitiver Teilleistungen und die Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) sein.

Ziel der Arbeit
Darstellung der Bedeutung kognitiver Testungen und von MRT-Untersuchungen für Prädiktion und Erfassung der SPMS-Konversion. Ausarbeitung von Strategien der Verlaufsbeobachtung und Therapiesteuerung in der Praxis, insbesondere in der ambulanten Versorgung.

Material und Methoden
Übersichtsarbeit auf Basis einer unsystematischen Literaturrecherche.

Ergebnisse
Standardisierte kognitive Testung kann für die frühe SPMS-Diagnose hilfreich sein und die Verlaufsbewertung erleichtern. Eine jährliche Anwendung sensitiver Screeningtests wie Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) und Brief Visual Memory Test-Revised (BVMT‑R) oder der Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS)-Testbatterie ist empfehlenswert. Persistierende inflammatorische Aktivität im MRT in den ersten drei Jahren der Erkrankung sowie das Vorhandensein kortikaler Läsionen sind prädiktiv für eine SPMS-Konversion. Ein standardisiertes MRT-Monitoring auf Merkmale einer progressiven MS kann den klinisch und neurokognitiv begründeten SPMS-Verdacht stützen.

Diskussion
Die interdisziplinäre Versorgung von MS-Patienten durch klinisch versierte Neurologen, unterstützt durch neuropsychologische Testung und MRT, hat einen hohen Stellenwert für die SPMS-Prädiktion und Diagnose. Letztere erlaubt eine frühe Umstellung auf geeignete Therapien, da bei SPMS andere Interventionen als für die RRMS notwendig sind. Nach erfolgter medikamentöser Umstellung erlaubt die klinische, neuropsychologische und bildgebende Vigilanz ein stringentes Monitoring auf neuroinflammatorische und -degenerative Aktivität sowie Therapiekomplikationen.
The evolution of intracranial aneurysm treatment techniques and future directions
Authors: Lee Keng Siang , Zhang John J. Y. , Nguyen Vincent , Han Julian , Johnson Jeremiah N. , Kirollos Ramez , Teo Mario 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTreatment techniques and management guidelines for intracranial aneurysms (IAs) have been continually developing and this rapid development has altered treatment decision-making for clinicians. IAs are treated in one of two ways: surgical treatments such as microsurgical clipping with or without bypass techniques, and endovascular methods such as coiling, balloon- or stent-assisted coiling, or intravascular flow diversion and intrasaccular flow disruption. In certain cases, a single approach may be inadequate in completely resolving the IA and successful treatment requires a combination of microsurgical and endovascular techniques, such as in complex aneurysms. The treatment option should be considered based on factors such as age; past medical history; comorbidities; patient preference; aneurysm characteristics such as location, morphology, and size; and finally the operator’s experience. The purpose of this review is to provide practicing neurosurgeons with a summary of the techniques available, and to aid decision-making by highlighting ideal or less ideal cases for a given technique. Next, we illustrate the evolution of techniques to overcome the shortfalls of preceding techniques. At the outset, we emphasize that this decision-making process is dynamic and will be directed by current best scientific evidence, and future technological advances.
The Application of Maultsby’s Rational Behavior Therapy in Psychosis – A Case Report
Authors: Kałwa Agnieszka , Wirga Mariusz , Wirga Aleksandra H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present the applicability of Rational Behavior Therapy (RBT) for a patient with psychosis. RBT is a form of cognitive-behavioral therapy developed by an American psychiatrist, Maxie C. Maultsby, Jr. RBT teaches rational self-counseling to achieve emotive and behavioral goals, reduce distress and the symptoms of the disease, improve functioning, improve treatment adherence, and prevent relapse. The challenges in applying cognitive behavior therapy in psychosis are described. We report the case of a 17-year-old patient who had been recently diagnosed with schizophrenia according to ICD-10 criteria, presenting with recurrent psychotic symptoms and suicidal ideation. Over 1.5 years, the patient was treated in an outpatient setting with antipsychotic medications and, intermittently, with RBT-based psychotherapy (by the first author). The therapy process was interrupted periodically due to temporary improvements in the patient’s status, non-adherence, or relapses, including one episode requiring hospitalization. Nevertheless, the treatment eventually resulted in a long-lasting remission. We present examples of the RBT techniques used in this therapeutic process and highlight this treatment modality’s unique features which support patients utilizing rational self-counseling skills to become more independent in coping with their problems. We emphasize that patients with a mental illness like schizophrenia or bipolar disorder also suffer from learned emotional disturbances that are amenable to treatment with cognitive-behavior therapies like RBT. In conclusion, we submit that with its self-counseling properties, RBT offers non-intrusive ways of helping people experiencing psychotic symptoms as part of their diagnosis and in prodromal or non-diagnostic states.
Accounting for groups: the dynamics of intragroup deliberation
Authors: Alexander J. McKenzie , Morley Julia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn a highly influential work, List and Pettit (Group Agency: The Possibility, Design, and Status of Corporate Agents, Oxford University Press, 2011) draw upon the theory of judgement aggregation to offer an argument for the existence of nonreductive group agents; they also suggest that nonreductive group agency is a widespread phenomenon. In this paper, we argue for the following two claims. First, that the axioms they consider cannot naturally be interpreted as either descriptive characterisations or normative constraints upon group judgements, in general. This makes it unclear how the List and Pettit argument is to apply to real world group behaviour. Second, by examining empirical data about how group judgements are made by a powerful international regulatory board, we show how each of the List and Pettit axioms can be violated in ways which are straightforwardly explicable at the level of the individual. This suggests that group agency may best be understood as a pluralistic phenomenon, where close inspection of the dynamics of intragroup deliberation can reveal that whatprima facieappears to be a nonreductive group agent is, in fact, reducible.
Collective Oscillations in Coupled-Cell Systems
Authors: Chen Kuan-Wei , Shih Chih-Wen 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe investigate oscillations in coupled systems. The methodology is based on the Hopf bifurcation theorem and a condition extended from the Routh–Hurwitz criterion. Such a condition leads to locating the bifurcation values of the parameters. With such an approach, we analyze a single-cell system modeling the minimal genetic negative feedback loop and the coupled-cell system composed by these single-cell systems. We study the oscillatory properties for these systems and compare these properties between the model with Hill-type repression and the one with protein-sequestration-based repression. As the parameters move from the Hopf bifurcation value for single cells to the one for coupled cells, we compute the eigenvalues of the linearized systems to obtain the magnitude of the collective frequency when the periodic solution of the coupled-cell system is generated. Extending from this information on the parameter values, we further compute and compare the collective frequency for the coupled-cell system and the average frequency of the decoupled individual cells. To compare these scenarios with other biological oscillators, we perform parallel analysis and computations on a segmentation clock model.
Obesity in Prader–Willi syndrome: physiopathological mechanisms, nutritional and pharmacological approaches
Authors: Muscogiuri G. , Barrea L. , Faggiano F. , Maiorino M. I. , Parrillo M. , Pugliese G. , Ruggeri R. M. , Scarano E. , Savastano S. , Colao A. ,   RESTARE
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder caused by the lack of expression of genes on the paternally inherited chromosome 15q11.2-q13 region. The three main genetic subtypes are represented by paternal 15q11-q13 deletion, maternal uniparental disomy 15, and imprinting defect. Clinical picture of PWS changes across life stages. The main clinical characteristics are represented by short stature, developmental delay, cognitive disability and behavioral diseases. Hypotonia and poor suck resulting in failure to thrive are typical of infancy. As the subjects with PWS age, clinical manifestations such as hyperphagia, temperature instability, high pain threshold, hypersomnia and multiple endocrine abnormalities including growth hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiencies, hypogonadism and central adrenal insufficiency due to hypothalamic dysfunction occur. Obesity and its complications are the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in PWS. Several mechanisms for the aetiology of obesity in PWS have been hypothesized, which include aberration in hypothalamic pathways of satiety control resulting in hyperphagia, disruption in hormones regulating appetite and satiety and reduced energy expenditure. However, despite the advancement in the research field of the genetic basis of obesity in PWS, there are contradictory data on the management. Although it is mandatory to adopt obesity strategy prevention from infancy, there is promising evidence regarding the management of obesity in adulthood with current obesity drugs along with lifestyle interventions, although the data are limited. Therefore, the current manuscript provides a review of the current evidence on obesity and PWS, covering physiopathological aspects, obesity-related complications and conservative management.
Experimental Investigation of the Rail Pressure Fluctuations Correlated with Fuel Properties and Injection Settings
Authors: Coratella Carlo , Parry Lewis , Li Yanfei , Xu Hongming 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInjection-induced rail pressure fluctuations are proven to cause nonuniform spray development. These fluctuations are also responsible for generating lower injection pressures, to the detriment of jet penetration length and break-up timing. Despite the vast literature dealing with such issues, several aspects of rail pressure fluctuations remain unclear. Additionally, the need for compliance with the emission legislation has shed light on the potential of alternative fuels, which represent a pathway for sustainable mobility. This scenario has motivated the present study dealing with the assessment of the time history of rail pressure correlated with fuel properties. Tests have been performed using a last-generation common rail injection equipment under various injection settings, employing diesel and 2-methylfuran-diesel blend. This paper describes the research activity and aims to provide new insights into the correlation of rail pressure fluctuations with fuel properties.
Comparison of two methods for evaluating lower urinary tract symptoms in cervical cancer patients following radical hysterectomy
Authors: An Fang , Wang Sha , Wang Zhiqi , Wu Lingying , Lv Qiubo , Lv Aiming , Wen Hongwu , Han Jinsong , Wu Yumei , Gao Yunong , Liu Qing , Wang Sumei , Li Hongxia , Wang Luwen , Wang Yanlong , Wu Ruifang , Li Huan , Sun Xiuli 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the degree of agreement and consistency of urodynamic studies (UDS) with low urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) questionnaires for evaluating LUTS in cervical cancer patients following radical hysterectomy (RH) and pelvic lymphadenectomy.MethodsFrom January 2012 to March 2015, 204 cervical cancer patients who underwent RH in 13 hospitals were evaluated using the Incontinence Questionnaire-Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (ICIQ-FLUTS) and the Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS). Urodynamic tests were also performed on these patients during the same period.ResultsStudy participants’ age ranged from 23 to 75 years, with a mean (standard deviation) of 48.0 ​± ​9.3 years. Using questionnaires, the prevalence of patients with LUTS symptoms, including storage symptoms, voiding symptoms, stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and overactive bladder (OAB) was 86.3%, 77.0%, 62.7%, 52.9% and 14.7%, respectively. For UDS, the corresponding prevalence was 89.7%, 70.1%, 66.7%, 46.6% and 13.2%, respectively. The diagnostic concordance of questionnaires and UDS for storage symptoms, voiding symptoms, SUI and OAB was 79.9%, 66.7%, 66.7%, 57.4% and 79.9%, respectively. For voiding symptoms, the correlation coefficient was 0.272, which was higher than that of storage symptoms, SUI and OAB.ConclusionsIn cervical cancer patients who have undergone RH, there was a moderate degree of agreement between UDS and symptom questionnaires in evaluating LUTS, but the consistency was poor. Medical personnel should be adequately trained in UDS to ensure LUTS are adequately diagnosed in patients.
Atmospheric Ammonia Measurements Over a Coastal Salt Marsh Ecosystem Along the Mid‐Atlantic U.S.
Authors: Lichiheb Nebila , Heuer Mark , Hicks Bruce B , Saylor Rick , Vargas Rodrigo , Vázquez‐Lule Alma , St. Laurent Kari , Myles LaToya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMeasurements of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) concentrations and fluxes are limited in coastal regions in the eastern U.S. In this study, continuous and high temporal resolution measurements (5s) of atmospheric NH3 concentrations were recorded using a cavity ring‐down spectrometer in a temperate tidal salt marsh at the St Jones Reserve (Dover, DE). Micrometeorological variables were measured using an eddy covariance system which is part of the AmeriFlux network (US‐StJ). Soil, plant, and water chemistry were also analyzed to characterize the sources and sinks of atmospheric NH3. A new analytical methodology was used to estimate the average ecosystem‐scale diurnal cycle of NH3 fluxes by replicating the characteristics of a chamber experiment. This virtual chamber approach estimates positive surface fluxes in continuing strongly stable conditions when mixing with the air above is minimal. Our findings show that tidal water level may have a significant impact on NH3 emissions from the marsh. The largest fluxes were observed at low tide when more soil was exposed. While it is expected that NH3 fluxes will peak when the air temperature maximizes, high tide occurred concurrently with midday peaks in solar irradiance led to a decrease in NH3 fluxes. Furthermore, soil, plant, and water chemistry measurements underpinning the NH3 concentrations and fluxes lead us to conclude that this coastal wetland ecosystem can act as either a sink or a source of NH3. Such measurements provide novel data on which we can base reliable parameterizations to simulate NH3 emissions from coastal salt marsh ecosystems using surface‐atmosphere transfer models.
An Improved Gridded Bathymetric Data Set and Tidal Model for the Maldives Archipelago
Authors: Rasheed Shuaib , Warder Simon C. , Plancherel Yves , Piggott Matthew D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Maldives faces a unique range of environmental challenges. While the country is almost entirely dependent upon oceanic resources with more than 99% of the area covered by ocean, the absence of a suitable bathymetric map of the seafloor of the Maldives severely limits the adoption and application of modern scientific methods for the prediction of both physical and biological oceanic processes across the country. Here, we present a new bathymetric data set for the country based upon accumulating data from various sources and demonstrate that the synthesis of these provides a far more accurate representation of the shallow water areas of the region than currently available products. We also show that the new bathymetric data set is of sufficiently high resolution to model tidal flows across the archipelago for the first time. The new bathymetric data set provides numerous opportunities to better understand oceanic flow, associated physical and biogeochemical processes, and their correlation to one another across the Maldives archipelago.
Impacts of the Assimilation of Satellite Sea Surface Temperature Data on Volume and Heat Budget Estimates for the North Sea
Authors: Chen W. , Schulz‐Stellenfleth J. , Grayek S. , Staneva J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMechanisms controlling the heat budget of the North Sea are investigated based on a combination of satellite sea surface temperature measurements and numerical model simulations. Lateral heat fluxes across the shelf edge and into the Baltic Sea as well as vertical ocean‐atmosphere heat exchange are considered. A 3‐D variational (3DVAR) data assimilation (DA) scheme is applied, which contains assumed model error correlations that depend on the mixed layer depth derived from a coupled circulation/ocean wave model. The analysis balances pressure gradients introduced by temperature modifications. Significant hydrodynamic model response to DA was found, which should be considered in the heat budget estimations. The observed change of the current velocity field decreases the lateral advective volume/heat exchanges between the North Sea and the Atlantic, yielding an increased heat flux from the Atlantic into the North Sea and more heat flux from the sea to the atmosphere. The largest DA impact on volume/heat transport is in the Norwegian Channel, where the dominant process is Eulerian transport, followed by tidal pumping and wind pumping. Further analysis reveals an acceleration of the along‐shelf current at the northern edge of the North Sea, a decrease in the horizontal pressure gradient from the Atlantic to the North Sea, and a reduction of the Eulerian transport of volume/heat outward the North Sea. Furthermore, the coupling between the circulation model and the wave model has significant impacts on lateral heat advection in the DA run, which is due to the wave impact on the mixed layer depth.
Growing Atmospheric Emissions of Sulfuryl Fluoride
Authors: Gressent A. , Rigby M. , Ganesan A. L. , Prinn R. G. , Manning A. J. , Mühle J. , Salameh P. K. , Krummel P. B. , Fraser P. J. , Steele L. P. , Mitrevski B. , Weiss R. F. , Harth C. M. , Wang R. H. , O'Doherty S. , Young D. , Park S. , Li S. , Yao B. , Reimann S. , Vollmer M. K. , Maione M. , Arduini J. , Lunder C. R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe potent greenhouse gas sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2) is increasingly used as a fumigant, replacing methyl bromide, whose structural and soil fumigation uses have been phased out under the Montreal Protocol. We use measurements on archived air samples and in situ observations from the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) and a box model of the global atmosphere to show a global increase of SO2F2 mole fraction from 0.3 ± 0.02 to 2.5 ± 0.08 ppt along with a global increase in emissions from 0.5 ± 0.4 Gg yr−1 to 2.9 ± 0.4 Gg yr−1 from 1978 to 2019. Based on a hybrid model incorporating bottom‐up industry data and a top‐down downscaling approach, we estimate the spatial distribution and trend in SO2F2 regional emissions between 2000 and 2019 and propose that the global emissions increase is driven by the growing use of SO2F2 in structural fumigation in North America and in postharvest treatment of grains and other agricultural products worldwide.
Mimicry of a Conceptual Hydrological Model (HBV): What's in a Name?
Authors: Jansen Koen F. , Teuling Adriaan J. , Craig James R. , Dal Molin Marco , Knoben Wouter J. M. , Parajka Juraj , Vis Marc , Melsen Lieke A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractModels that mimic an original model might have a different model structure than the original model, that affects model output. This study assesses model structure differences and their impact on output by comparing 7 model implementations that carry the name HBV. We explain and quantify output differences with individual model structure components at both the numerical (e.g., explicit/implicit scheme) and mathematical level (e.g., lineair/power outflow). It was found that none of the numerical and mathematical formulations of the mimicking models were (originally) the same as the benchmark, HBV‐light. This led to small but distinct output differences in simulated streamflow for different numerical implementations (KGE difference up to 0.15), and major output differences due to mathematical differences (KGE median loss of 0.27). These differences decreased after calibrating the individual models to the simulated streamflow of the benchmark model. We argue that the lack of systematic model naming has led to a diverging concept of the HBV‐model, diminishing the concept of model mimicry. Development of a systematic model naming framework, open accessible model code and more elaborate model descriptions are suggested to enhance model mimicry and model development.
Revisiting the Recent Dust Trends and Climate Drivers Using Horizontal Visibility and Present Weather Observations
Authors: Xi Xin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study revisits the use of surface weather observations from the NOAA Integrated Surface Database to examine the most recent dust trends and climate drivers in the context of multidecadal dust variability, following a critical assessment of the data completeness, temporal continuity, and cross‐variable consistency of horizontal visibility and present weather reports. The global mean dust event frequency has increased at 0.02% yr−1 from 1986 to 2019, driven by recent intensified activity resulting in a reversal of the previously reported declining dust trend over 1984–2012. Correlation analysis suggests that soil moisture has a lagged effect on the global dustiness with a maximum r = −0.3 when soil moisture leads by 14 months. North Africa experienced increased dust activity in the last decade (2010–2019), due to reduced soil moisture and enhanced wind speed following the transition of the North Atlantic Oscillation from strong negative to recurring positive phases in 2011. The Middle East had a significant decline of dust production since 2015 following the amelioration of a decade‐long drought in the Tigris‐Euphrates basin, as the climate shifts to more El Niño‐like conditions as well as positive and weak negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation phases. East Asian dust variability is primarily driven by wind, which explains the negative trend from 1986 to 1997 and the absence of significant trends during the past two decades. This study constitutes an initial effort in creating a homogenized weather station‐based data set for characterizing dust‐climate connections on local and global scales.