bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Thoracic Torsion in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients Within a 2-year Postoperative Period
Authors: wang yonggang , Wang Dongmin , Kang Xuewen , Ma Zhanjun , Ma Yingping , Hu Xuchang , Ma Bing , Yang Yong , He Xuegang , Wang Shixiong , Gao Bingren 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Scoliosis can cause deformities of the rib cage. The three-dimensional (3D) shape of the rib-vertebral-sternal complex matches that of the thoracic cavity and is visualized as an elastic structural model that is approximately cubic in shape. This study was performed to evaluate the changes in thoracic torsion by measuring radiological parameters.Methods: Forty-four patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with a main right thoracic curvature underwent posterior spinal fusion (PSF), and radiological parameters of the spine and thorax were evaluated. Results: The correction of preoperative, immediately postoperative, and 2-year postoperative MT-Cobb angles were 64% and 66%. The correction of T1–T12 heights were 10% and 12%. The correction of RVAD was 59% immediately postoperatively and 52% at 2 year postoperatively. The correction of RH was 59% immediately postoperatively and 52% at 2 year postoperatively. The correction of AVB-R was 23% immediately postoperatively and 25% at 2 year postoperatively. From the above results, all radiological parameters were significantly different immediately and at 2 year postoperatively compared to preoperatively (p < 0.001). There were significant correlations between MT-Cobb angle and T1–T12 height (p < 0.001), RVAD (p < 0.001), RH (p < 0.001), and AVB-R (p < 0.001).Conclusion: Most cases of mild and moderate scoliosis surgery also includes the correction of thoracic torsion. PSF appears to be effective at correcting scoliosis, and the correction of thoracic torsion also plays an important role.
Prevalence and factors associated with skin-to-skin contact (SSC) practices: findings from a population-based cross-sectional survey in 10 selected districts of Bangladesh
Authors: Ali Nazia Binte , Priyanka Sabrina Sharmin , Bhui Bal Ram , Herrera Samantha , Azad Md. Rashidul , Karim Afsana , Zubair Shams , Rahman Mohammad Mahmoodur , Rokonuzzaman SM , Meena Umme Salma Jahan , Arifeen Shams El , Billah Sk Masum 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Skin-to-skin contact (SSC) is one of the eight proven Essential Newborn Care (ENC) practices that improve newborn survival. Despite having myriads of benefits, it is one of the least used ENC interventions especially in the low and middle-income countries (1% to 74%). In Bangladesh, the prevalence of SSC practices was 26% in 2014. To advance the use of this intervention, it is important to assess its prevalence within the population and to identify factors that facilitate or inhibit SSC practices in Bangladesh. Methods: We used baseline household survey data of USAID’s MaMoni MNCSP project conducted in 10 districts of Bangladesh in 2019. Our analysis included 13,695 recently delivered women (RDW) with a live birth outcome. Our primary outcome was the mother’s reported SSC practice. We examined various antepartum, intrapartum, newborn, and sociodemographic factors associated with SSC using a multivariable generalized linear model. Our findings were reported using adjusted Prevalence Risk Ratios (aPRRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs). Results: Overall, 28% of RDW reported practicing SSC across the 10 surveyed districts. Our multivariable analysis showed that public facility delivery (aPRR 2.01; 95%CI: 1.80, 2.26), private facility delivery (aPRR 1.23; 95%CI: 1.06, 1.42) and 4 antenatal care (ANC) visits at least one from a medically trained provider (MTP) (aPRR 1.17; 95%CI: 1.03, 1.26) had a significant positive association with SSC practices. Caesarean section (aPRR 0.64; 95%CI: 0.56, 0.73) had a significant negative association with SSC practices. We also found a significant positive association of SSC practices with mothers’ who perceived the birth size of their baby to be small, mothers with a higher education level (≥10 years), and mothers from households in the highest wealth quintile. Conclusions: The prevalence of SSC is very low in the surveyed districts of Bangladesh. Considering the factors associated with SSC, relevant stakeholders need to increase their efforts on improving ANC and facility delivery coverages as well as improving SSC practices in the facilities especially after caesarean deliveries. Countries with a high burden of home deliveries also need to emphasize community-based interventions and increasing coverage of skilled birth attendance for improving this life-saving intervention.
Study of Photodegradation Performance and Ability of Lead Removal of Synthesized Maghemite Nanoparticles Using Ziziphus Jujuba Extract
Authors: Miri Abdolhossein , Sedighi Atefeh Sadat , Najafidoust Ahmad , Khatami Mehrdad , sarani Mina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Today, Water pollutants such as heavy metals and dyes are very important dangers to the nature. Metals such as lead, chromium, mercury and arsenic are examples of heavy metals which are toxic to living things, even sometime at the lowest concentrations. For resolve this challenge, Magnetic nanoparticles are attractive compound because of their advantages such as high efficiency, fast recovery capability, high surface area, easy transportation and inexpensive. We presented an easy and eco-friendly route for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using Ziziphus jujuba extract. In order to determine the physical, chemical and optical properties of the synthesized samples, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman analyses were deployed. PXRD results showed that the synthesized nanoparticles have maghemite form of (γ-Fe2O3). FESEM and TEM results demonstrated that the size of these nanoparticles was in range of 20-50 nm, and had spherical shapes. Raman spectrum confirmed the cubic structure of γ-Fe2O3 NPs. Survey of magnetic properties showed that the synthesized maghemite nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3 NPs) were superparamagnetic. The ability to remove lead from aqueous solution was investigated using these nanoparticles. The results showed that the synthesized nanoparticles were capable of removing 96% of lead at pH = 7 and 1 mg/L loading of nanoparticles. The photocatalytic activity of γ-Fe2O3 NPs was studied on methylene blue (MB) dye; as a result, MB at pH =7 and 1 gr dosage of γ-Fe2O3 had the highest removal percentage (92.8%) during 160 minute using γ-Fe2O3 which calcined at 400 ˚C. The reusability results showed that after four cycles of using the γ-Fe2O3-400, the obtained degradation of methylene blue was about 87.1%. Thus, synthesized γ-Fe2O3 NPs can be a good alternative for removing heavy metals and industrial dyes from contaminated waters.
Predicting Phenological Anomaly: a Case Study of Yucca in the Southwestern United States
Authors: Brenskelle Laura , Barve Vijay , Majure Lucas , Guralnick Rob P. , Li Daijiang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Yucca in the American desert Southwest typically flowers in early spring, but a well-documented anomalous bloom event occurred during an unusually cold and wet late fall and early winter 2018–2019. We used citizen science photographs as a means to generate flowering presence and absence data. We fit phenoclimatic models to determine which climate variables are explanatory for normal flowering, and then we tested if the same conditions that drive normal blooming also drove the anomalous blooming event. Flowering for Y. brevifolia and Y. schidigera is driven by complex, nonlinear interactions between daylength, temperature, and precipitation. To our surprise, early-season flowering odds are highest in colder and drier conditions, especially for Joshua trees, but increase with precipitation late-season. However, the models used to fit normal blooming overpredicted the number of anomalous blooms compared to what was actually observed. Thus, predicting anomalous flowering events remains a challenge for quantitative phenological models. Because our model overpredicted the number of anomalous blooms, there are likely other factors, such as biotic interactions or other seasonal factors, which may be especially important in controlling what is presumed to be rare, out-of-season flowering in desert-adapted Yucca.
Bidirectional genome-wide CRISPR screens reveal host factors regulating SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV and seasonal HCoVs
Authors: Goujon Caroline , Rebendenne Antoine , Roy Priyanka , Bonaventure Boris , Valadao Ana Chaves , Desmarets Lowiese , Rouillé Yves , Tauziet Marine , Arnaud-Arnould Mary , Giovannini Donatella , Lee Yenarae , DeWeirdt Peter , Hegde Mudra , de Gracia Francisco Garcia , McKellar Joe , Wencker Mélanie , Dubuisson Jean , Belouzard Sandrine , Moncorgé Olivier , Doench John 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Several genome-wide CRISPR knockout screens have been conducted to identify host factors regulating SARS-CoV-2 replication, but the models used have often relied on overexpression of ACE2 receptor. Additionally, such screens have yet to identify the protease TMPRSS2, known to be important for viral entry at the plasma membrane. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of these screens and showed a high level of cell-type specificity of the identified hits, arguing for the necessity of additional models to uncover the full landscape of SARS-CoV-2 host factors. We performed genome-wide knockout and activation CRISPR screens in Calu-3 lung epithelial cells, as well as knockout screens in Caco-2 intestinal cells. In addition to identifying ACE2 and TMPRSS2 as top hits, our study reveals a series of so far unidentified and critical host-dependency factors, including the Adaptins AP1G1 and AP1B1 and the flippase ATP8B1. Moreover, new anti-SARS-CoV-2 proteins with potent activity, including several membrane-associated Mucins, IL6R, and CD44 were identified. We further observed that these genes mostly acted at the critical step of viral entry, with the notable exception of ATP8B1, the knockout of which prevented late stages of viral replication. Exploring the pro- and anti-viral breadth of these genes using highly pathogenic MERS-CoV, seasonal HCoV-NL63 and -229E and influenza A orthomyxovirus, we reveal that some genes such as AP1G1 and ATP8B1 are general coronavirus cofactors. In contrast, Mucins recapitulated their known role as a general antiviral defense mechanism. These results demonstrate the value of considering multiple cell models and perturbational modalities for understanding SARS-CoV-2 replication and provide a list of potential new targets for therapeutic interventions.
Association of Val16Ala Polymorphism of Manganese Superoxide Dismutase
(MnSOD) with Food Intake and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in
the Elderly in Primary Care in Porto Alegre
Authors: Gottlieb Maria G.V. , Borges Cristiane A. , Closs Vera E. , Seibel Raquel , Schneider Rodolfo H. , Schwanke Carla H. , Gomes Irenio 
Published: May 2021

Background:
The aging process causes physiological changes on its own. The combination
of an unhealthy lifestyle with the presence of genetic polymorphisms, such as the Val16Ala of
the antioxidant enzyme manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) may contribute to a
greater occurrence of cardiometabolic risk factors.

Objective:
This study aimed to verify the association of Val16Ala-MnSOD polymorphism with
food intake, caloric expenditure, and cardiometabolic risk factors in the elderly.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study with a sample size of 270 elderly individuals assisted in primary
health care in the city of Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Val16Ala polymorphism, glucose, lipid profile,
insulin, HOMA-IR, blood pressure, waist circumference, PCR-us, IL-6, food consumption, and caloric
expenditure were evaluated.

Results:
The average age of the elderly was 68.6 ± 7.6 years. There were statistically significant
differences regarding the consumption of two or more servings of fruits and vegetables daily between
the elderly VV versus AV (P=0.017). There were also statistically significant differences regarding
the consumption of two or more daily servings of legumes and eggs between the elderly
AA versus VV (P=0.002). The median of insulin was higher in the elderly AA versus AV
(P=0.025) and the median of HOMA-IR was higher in the elderly VV versus AV (P=0.029). AA
elderly individuals had higher means of high-density lipoprotein (HDL-c), compared to AV
(P=0.029).

Conclusion:
The results suggest that Val16Ala -MnSOD polymorphism is associated with the consumption
of fruits, vegetables, legumes, and eggs, as well as with cardiometabolic risk factors in
the elderly.
Anticorrosive Properties of Theophylline on Aluminium Corrosion in 1 M HCl: Experimental, and Computational Assessment of Iodide Ions Synergistic Effect
Authors: Blanche Beda Reginald Henriette , André Tigori Mougo , Donourou Diabaté , Marius Niamien Paulin 
Published: May 2021

Aims :
The aim of this study is to show the anti-corrosive properties of 1,3-
dimethyl-7H-purine-2,6-dione on aluminium corrosion in 1 M hydrochloric acid and to
study the synergy effect between iodide ions and this molecule.

Background:
There is a need for a research on eco-friendly, low toxic, and biodegradable
corrosion inhibitors capable of protecting metals in order to support industrialists who spend
large sums of money on replacing their corroded equipment.

Objective:
The main objective is to study the anti-corrosive properties of theophylline on
aluminium corrosion in 1 M HCl.

Methods:
The anti-corrosive properties of theophylline on aluminium corrosion in 1 M HCl
were evaluated using mass loss, Density Functional Theory at B3LYP/6-31G (d), and Quantitative
Structure-Property Relationship methods.

Results:
The results obtained show that theophylline inhibition efficiency increases with
concentration but decreases with increasing temperature with a maximum value of 88% for
5.10-3M at T = 298 K. The result from absorption isotherms reveals that theophylline adsorbs
to the aluminium surface according to the modified Langmuir isotherm. Adejo
Ekwenshi's isotherm has shown that the molecule adsorption on aluminium is essentially of
a physical nature. Thermodynamic adsorption and activation parameters were calculated
and analyzed. A synergistic effect between the studied molecule and the iodide ions was
found. Furthermore, global and local reactivity were analyzed through density functional
theory calculations. The quantitative structure-property relationship model has been used to
correlate experimental and theoretical inhibition efficiencies.

Conclusion:
Theophylline is an excellent aluminum corrosion inhibitor in the current studied
solution. Theoretical results were in agreement with the experimental data.

Other:
Theophylline is an excellent aluminum corrosion inhibitor in the current studied
solution. Theoretical results were in agreement with the experimental data.
Other: Finally, the best set of parameters to model the inhibition efficiency of analogous
molecules were found.
Improved Photovoltaic Properties of Nano-Flake-Based Mesoporous Dip-
SILAR Prepared BiOI Electrochemical Cell By Tuning Post-Annealing
Treatment Time at 100°C
Authors: Rahman Md. Matiur , Kato Shinya , Soga Tetsuo 
Published: May 2021

Background:
This research article reports on the post-annealing treatment time effect on
the dip-successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) prepared nano-flake-based mesoporous
BiOI electrochemical cell's photovoltaic properties.

Objective:
Our study clarifies that the post-annealing time has a great impact on the photovoltaic
behavior and the nano-flake morphology.

Methods:
At 100°C for 90 mins of post-annealing treatment conditions, the surface morphology
converted into a connected uniform crystallized flaky structure, which improves the effective surface
area and reduces the BiOI/electrolyte charge transfer resistance confirmed via electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. Therefore, the maximum photovoltaic properties (short-circuit
current density, Jsc = 1.83mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage, Voc = 0.48V and efficiency = 0.28%)
have been observed. However, without annealing and beyond 90 mins of post-annealing time, the
film quality and crystallinity decreased as a consequence of photovoltaic properties degradation.

Results and Conclusion:
Our investigation finding is that 90 mins is the optimal post-annealing
treatment duration for the dip-SILAR prepared nano-flake-based mesoporous BiOI electrochemical
photovoltaic cell at 100°C post-annealing temperature.
UPLOADS, FAXES, AND YOU
Authors: Goldwater Jonah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCould a person or mind be uploaded—transmitted to a computer or network—and thereby survive bodily death? I argue “mind uploading” is possible only if a mind is an abstract object rather than a concrete particular. Two implications are notable. One, if someone can be uploaded someone can be multiply-instantiated, such that there could be as many instances of a person as copies of a book. Second, mind uploading’s possibility is incompatible with the leading theories of personal identity, insofar as these assume the mind is a concrete particular. Moreover, because David Chalmers (2010; 2012; 2014) defends mind uploading without construing minds as abstract, I show Chalmers’ argument to be unsound.
A Case in Relations between Great Powers and Small States—France’s Recognition of Finnish Independence, 1917–1918
Authors: Clerc Louis 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
What are the most important variables explaining the 4 January 1918 decision by the French Government to recognise Finland’s independence? This short contribution to the Special Issue aims at giving a broad overview of developments explaining this decision. It will first of all introduce general notions concerning France’s relation with “nationalities” during the First World War. It will more specifically describe the geopolitical environment of the winter 1917–1918, when France looked for ways to react to the crumbling of its Russian ally against Germany. It will also emphasise the way domestic developments and the long-term action of Finnish national networks helped in shaping up this decision. Finally, based on this example, it will consider various ways for small states to try and influence their international environment.
Community Driven Development: The Case of Fadama II Cooperatives in Alleviating Poverty in a Developing Country
Authors: Adeyemo Remi , Kehinde Ayodeji Damilola 
Published: May 2021

Summary
This study investigated the effects of Fadama II cooperatives on poverty status of farming households in Oyo State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study assessed the level of participation in Fadama II cooperatives among the participants; determined the factors influencing the level of participation in Fadama II cooperatives; examined the poverty status of the participants in Fadama II cooperatives; and determined the effects of Fadama II cooperatives on the poverty status of the participants. The study was conducted in Oyo State, south-western Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents for this study. A total number of 150 farmers were selected for the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, participation index, multinomial logit regression model, Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) index, and Probit regression model. The result showed that the respondents participated in the designated activities carried out within their respective Fadama II cooperatives, with the maximum participation in payment of counterpart fund (100%), followed by participatory rural appraisal process (86.7%). Participation index revealed that the majority (46.7%) of the respondents had their level of participation above the grand mean. Interestingly, gender, farming experience and income from Fadama II cooperative positively and significantly influenced both partial and full participation in Fadama II cooperatives. The poverty line is observed to be ₦44300 per month ($115.36 per month). The incidence, depth and severity of poverty are estimated to be 0.28, 0.067 and 0.013, respectively. Probit estimates revealed that Fadama II cooperatives had significant and positive effect on alleviating the poverty status of the participants. Following the findings of the study, government and non-governmental organizations are encouraged to ensure that more farmers participate in Fadama II cooperatives. In addition, the approach of Fadama II cooperatives should be adopted for intervention programmes in developing countries that depend on agriculture not only for feeding their population but also as a business venture.
Macierzyństwo w kontekście autyzmu. O stresogennych czynnikach na drodze życia matek dzieci z ASD
Authors: Kossewska Joanna 
Published: May 2021

Zaburzenia ze spektrum autyzmu ujawniane przez dzieci stanowią dla ich matek poważne wyzwanie. Z tego powodu matki dzieci z ASD doświadczają stresu o zdecydowanie większym nasileniu aniżeli matki dzieci z innymi rodzajami niepełnosprawności lub zaburzeń w stanie zdrowia. Stopień natężenia stresu zależy jednak od różnych czynników, które można uporządkować w obrębie trzech obszarów dotyczących: indywidualnych cech matki, indywidualnych cech dziecka oraz kontekstu sytuacyjnego.
W artykule przedstawiona została analiza wybranych stresorów, które na podstawie przeglądu literatury można uznać za istotne w obrębie wspomnianych trzech grup czynników. Jednak ze względu na złożoność problematyki stresu, przestawionej listy potencjalnych stresorów nie można uznać za zamkniętą.
Towards Green Rusunawa: Clean Water Utilization, Composting, and Urban Farming in Muara Baru Flats
Authors: Notario Dion , Suprata Ferdian , Canti Meda , Karmawan Listya Utami 
Published: May 2021

Waste disposal and clean water management are some of the common social issues arising in densely populated settlements, including Muara Baru flats, Jakarta. Some programs have been carried out to overcome these two issues in Muara Baru, such as the construction of a Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) facility and the provision of Trash Banks. Nevertheless, adequate support for the residents is still needed to boost their awareness of proper clean water management and waste disposal and to encourage the formation of urban agriculture, which is expected to elevate their living standards. Therefore, a community empowerment program in Muara Baru was developed, consisting of three sections: education on clean water management, compost making training, and urban farming. The success of this program was then measured using questionnaires and focus group discussions. A majority of residents responded positively to the program and were willing to actively participate by preparing the land, making compost, planting seeds, or caring for the harvest. There were indeed some obstacles hampering the program's success, such as lack of commitment from the local community, climate change, water availability, and arable land availability. To overcome these barriers and to promote the program’s sustainability, some suggestions are to be proposed, including proper selections of plant types and provision of support and motivation for the local community.