bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting extremal couplings in AdS/CFT
Authors: Castro Alejandra , Martinez Pedro J. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
We consider an effective theory of massive scalar fields on a fixed AdSd+1 background with a cubic extremal interaction among them. A bulk coupling is called extremal whenever the corresponding conformal dimension of any of the dual CFTd operators matches the sum of all the others. For cubic bulk couplings, this is ∆i + ∆j = ∆k. These bulk interactions are often disregarded in the literature since they do not appear in traditional models of AdS/CFT. Turning them on yields a divergent vertex in the dual CFT, and here we show that these divergences can be regulated. Once renormalized, we demonstrate that this coupling introduces non-trivial mixing between single- and double-trace operators, and we compute the anomalous dimensions of the corrected operators to leading order in perturbation theory.
Solving $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM BCFT matrix models at large N
Authors: He Dongming , Uhlemann Christoph F. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Many observables in 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM with Gaiotto-Witten boundary conditions can be described exactly by matrix models via supersymmetric localization. The boundaries typically introduce new degrees of freedom, through a reduction of the gauge symmetry on the boundary or as explicit boundary degrees of freedom, leading to non-trivial matrix models. We derive the saddle points dominating these matrix models at large N, expressed in terms of generalized Lambert W-functions. In string theory the BCFTs are realized by D3-branes ending on D5 and NS5 branes. We independently derive the saddle points from the holographic duals with AdS4×S2×S2×Σ geometry and provide precision tests of the dualities.
Fermion masses, neutrino mixing and Higgs-mediated flavor violation in 3HDM with S3 permutation symmetry
Authors: Babu K. S. , Wu Yongcheng , Xu Shiyuan 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The Yukawa and scalar sectors of a general S3-symmetric three-Higgs doublet model (3HDM) are investigated. The Yukawa interactions are constructed in an S3-invariant way, while the scalar potential contains S3 soft-breaking terms. Global fits to the quark/lepton masses and CKM/PMNS matrices are performed. Excellent fits to all fermion mass and mixing parameters are obtained. Both normal ordering and inverted ordering of neutrino masses are found to be admissible within the framework, with a prediction for the CP-violation phase, δCP ≃ 120°. The fit results in the Yukawa sector are further investigated, together with the scalar sector, imposing constraints from Higgs-mediated neutral meson mixing and neutron electric dipole moment (EDM). We explore the lowest allowed mass of the heavy Higgs bosons, consistent with these constraints, and find it to be about 17 TeV. The corresponding neutron EDM is around 1.7 × 10−27 e-cm, which is within reach of proposed experiments. It is found that the constraints from the K-meson system dominate, while those from the D meson system are marginal.
Modular anomaly of BPS back holes
Authors: Alexandrov Sergei , Bendriss Khalil 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Generating functions of BPS indices, counting states of D4-D2-D0 black holes in Calabi-Yau compactifications of type IIA string theory and identified with rank 0 Donaldson-Thomas invariants, are examples of mock modular forms. They have a quite complicated modular anomaly expressed as a sum over three different types of trees weighted by generalized error functions and their derivatives. We show that this anomaly can be significantly simplified, which in turn simplfies finding the corresponding mock modular generating functions.
Leading-colour-based unweighted event generation for multi-parton tree-level processes
Authors: Frederix Rikkert , Vitos Timea 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
In this work, we revisit unweighted event generation for multi-parton tree-level processes in massless QCD. We introduce a two-step approach, in which initially unweighted events are generated at leading-colour (LC) accuracy, followed by a reweighting of these events to full-colour (FC) accuracy and applying an additional unweighting cycle. This method leverages the simple structure of LC integrands, enabling optimized phase-space parameterisations and resulting in high primary unweighting efficiencies, ranging from the percent level for 2 → 4 processes to the per-mille level for 2 → 7 processes. Given that the LC-accurate matrix elements closely approximate the FC-accurate ones, the secondary unweighting efficiencies exceed 50%. Our results suggest that this two-step approach offers an efficient alternative to direct event generation at FC accuracy.
Death and Dichotomy: Exploring Varied Human and Animal Depositional Practices in the Iron Age at Battlesbury Bowl, UK, through Histotaphonomy
Authors: Bricking A. , Revell B. , Madgwick R. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractTaphonomic analysis of bone microstructure, commonly known as histotaphonomy, has been used as a proxy for interpreting early post-mortem treatments in archaeological contexts with increasing frequency. This method is especially useful when evidence for varied pre-depositional practices such as disarticulation and taphonomic markers (e.g. fracturing, gnawing, cut marks, weathering) is present in the assemblage, but is rarely used on faunal remains. Iron Age Britain provides the ideal context for comparative study due to the wide range of depositional practices employed for both humans and animals. While human and faunal remains from single sites in Britain have been studied before, such as at Cladh Hallan and Danebury hillfort, they were usually examined separately without substantial synthesis of the data. Thus, this study represents the first single-site comparative histotaphonomic analysis of archaeological human and animal remains from Britain. To this end, this research assesses archaeological human and faunal bone from Battlesbury Bowl, an Iron Age site in Wiltshire England, with 70 samples (46 faunal and 24 human) taken from a range of contexts, and from both articulated and disarticulated deposits. It explores evidence for the mortuary practices afforded to human remains and how they compare to the treatment of fauna from the site. Macroscopic analysis was undertaken prior to thin section microscopy using the Oxford Histological Index (OHI) and the Birefringence Index (BI). Results showed that the faunal samples from Battlesbury Bowl have more varied microstructural preservation with some species treated similarly to humans post-mortem, while others (especially caprines) are generally better preserved. This suggests that humans and animals at Battlesbury Bowl were subject to different early post-mortem processes, thus shedding light on mortuary practices and the complexity of human-animal relations in life and death.
Diagnosis and treatment recommendations for glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome
Authors: Zhang Mei-Jiao , Wu De , Yu Li-Fei , Li Hua , Sun Dan , Liang Jian-Min , Lu Xiao-Peng , Luo Rong , Guo Qing-Hui , Jin Rui-Feng , Zhang Hong-Wei , Lei Ge-Fei , Sun Ruo-Peng , Wang Man , Zhou You-Feng , Wang Ying-Yan , Tang Ji-Hong , Hua Ying , Shi Xu-Lai , Liu Xiao-Ming , Shi Xiu-Yu , Yang Guang , Wang Hua , Gao Feng , Jia Tian-Ming , Wang Ji-Wen , Liao Jian-Xiang , Bao Xin-Hua 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (Glut1DS) was initially reported by De Vivo and colleagues in 1991. This disease arises from mutations in the SLC2A1 and presents with a broad clinical spectrum. It is a treatable neuro-metabolic condition, where prompt diagnosis and initiation of ketogenic dietary therapy can markedly enhance the prognosis. However, due to its rarity, Glut1DS is susceptible to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis, which can lead to delayed treatment and irreversible dysfunction of the central nervous system. To promote diagnostic awareness and effective treatments, the recommendations for diagnosis and treatment have been developed.

Methods
The panel on Glut1DS included 28 participants from the members of the Ketogenic Diet Professional Committee of the Chinese Epilepsy Association and Chinese experts with extensive experience in managing Glut1DS. All authors extensively reviewed the literature, and the survey results were discussed in detail over several online meetings. Following multiple deliberative sessions, all participants approved the final manuscript for submission.

Results
Early diagnosis and timely treatment of Glut1DS are crucial for improving prognosis. Physicians should be alert to suspiction of this disease if the following clinical manifestations appear: seizures, episodic or persistent movement disorders (often triggered by fasting, fatigue, or exercise), delayed motor and cognitive development. Characteristic clinical presentations may include seizures combined with movement disorders, episodic eye-head movements, and paroxysmal exercise-induced dyskinesia (PED). In these cases, genetic testing should be promptly completed, and a lumbar puncture should be performed if necessary. The ketogenic diet is internationally recognized as the first-line treatment; the earlier it is started, the better the prognosis. It can effectively control seizures and improve motor disorders. Antiepileptic drug treatment is generally ineffective or provides limited symptom improvement before starting the ketogenic diet.

Conclusion
The recommendations provide clinicians with a relatively systematic guide for the rapid identification, diagnosis, and timely treatment of Glut1DS.
Review of modified biochar for removing humic acid from water: analysis of structure-activity relationship
Authors: Li Yiting , Zhu Ying , Liu Jianguo , Fan Wenhong , Cao Yingnan , Huo Yaoqiang , Wei Jingting 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Humic acid (HA), as an important part of natural organic matter (NOM), is a precursor of disinfection byproducts. HA affects the migration and transformation of inorganic substances such as metal ions, causing direct harm to the ecological environment and human health. Therefore, HA removal is an important aspect of geochemical research. In this review, research on the application of biochar and modified biochar, which exhibit excellent removal capability, in the treatment of HA-like NOM in water is summarized. The different mechanisms of HA removal via biochar are discussed by analyzing the structure-activity relationship of biochar in the removal of NOM in water under various influencing conditions. The performance and mechanism of adsorption, Fenton, photocatalysis, and electrochemical oxidation methods are analyzed, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared. Finally, the application potential and development direction of multifunctional biochar materials for the removal of NOM, including HA, from water are reviewed. This review provides theoretical and technical support for the removal of HA-like NOM in water using biochar materials and provides a novel direction for its application in actual water bodies.

Graphical Abstract
Impact of biochar amendment on soil microbial biomass carbon enhancement under field experiments: a meta-analysis
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Ren Wei , Tao Haiying , Tao Bo , Lindsey Laura E. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Biochar is well-accepted as a viable climate mitigation strategy to promote agricultural and environmental benefits such as soil carbon sequestration and crop productivity while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, its effects on soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) in field experiments have not yet been thoroughly explored. In this study, we collected 539 paired globally published observations to study the impacts of biochar on SMBC under field experiments. Our results suggested an overall positive impact of biochar (21.31%) on SMBC, varying widely with different climate conditions, soil types, biochar properties, and management practices. Biochar application exhibits significant impacts under climates with mean annual temperature (MAT) < 15 °C and mean annual precipitation (MAP) between 500 and 1000 mm. Soils of coarse and fine texture, alkaline pH (SPH), soil total organic carbon (STC) content up to 10 g/kg, soil total nitrogen (STN) content up to 1.5 g/kg, and low soil cation exchange capacity (SCEC) content of < 5 cmol/kg received higher positive effects of biochar application on SMBC. Biochar produced from crop residue, specifically from cotton and maize residue, at pyrolysis temperature (BTM) of < 400 °C, with a pH (BPH) between 8 and 9, low application rate (BAP) of < 10 t/ha, and high ash content (BASH) > 400 g/kg resulted in an increase in SMBC. Low biochar total carbon (BTC) and high total nitrogen (BTN) positively affect the SMBC. Repeated application significantly increased the SMBC by 50.11%, and fresh biochar in the soil (≤ 6 months) enhanced SMBC compared to the single application and aged biochar. Biochar applied with nitrogen fertilizer (up to 300 kg/ha) and manure/compost showed significant improvements in SMBC, but co-application with straw resulted in a slight negative impact on the SMBC. The best-fit gradient boosting machines model, which had the lowest root mean square error, demonstrated the relative importance of various factors on biochar effectiveness: biochar, soil, climate, and nitrogen applications at 46.2%, 38.1%, 8.3%, and 7.4%, respectively. Soil clay proportion, BAP, nitrogen application, and MAT were the most critical variables for biochar impacts on SMBC. The results showed that biochar efficiency varies significantly in different climatic conditions, soil environments, field management practices, biochar properties, and feedstock types. Our meta-analysis of field experiments provides the first quantitative review of biochar impacts on SMBC, demonstrating its potential for rehabilitating nutrient-deprived soils and promoting sustainable land management. To improve the efficiency of biochar amendment, we call for long-term field experiments to measure SMBC across diverse agroecosystems.

Graphical Abstract
Silicon-modified Solidago canadensis L. biochar suppresses soilborne disease and improves soil quality
Authors: Wang Sheng , Hafeez Abdul , Zhang Tiantian , Rao Muhammad Junaid , Li Sicong , Cai Kunzheng 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Nowadays, biochar is well recognized for its multiple promising effects on the soil quality and plant health. However, there are limited studies on the utilization of invasive plants for biochar production. In the present study, silicon (Si)-modified biochar was synthesized from Solidago canadensis L., an invasive alien plant in southern China, at different pyrolysis temperatures (450, 550, and 650 ℃). The role of biochar in controlling bacterial wilt, improving soil quality and plant health was assessed. The results revealed that Si-modified biochar had higher wilt suppressive effects than unmodified biochar. Si-modified biochar synthesized at 450 ℃ was found to be the most effective in reducing the abundance of R. solanacearum in soil (66.0%) and the incidence rate of bacterial wilt (59.1%). The Si-modified biochar increased soil available Si (58.2%–147.8%), C/N ratio (85.8–105.0%), and cation exchange capacity (19.7–54.5%). Additionally, it also enhanced the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the soil, such as Bacillus (341.7%), Streptomyces (222.0%), Gaiellales (255.4%), and Gaiella (133.3%). These findings suggest that Si-modified biochar derived from the invasive plant Solidago canadensis L. holds promise as a soil additive for disease control.

Graphical Abstract
Growing concerns over ingested microplastics in humans
Authors: Zhao Shaoyan , Yao Lifen , Zhu Long , Dong Jiao , LeBlanc Gerald A. , An Lihui 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMicroplastics have been identified in various human tissues. While laboratory studies have shown that microplastics can cause damage and adversely affect physical functions at multiple levels, significant knowledge gaps persist. These include uncertainties regarding the dose-response relationship, specific target organs, and the underlying toxicological mechanisms. Future research is critical to address public concerns, encompassing the accurate quantification of microplastics through advanced technologies and a thorough risk assessment grounded in an evidence-based framework.
Graphical Abstract
Economics without Preferences
Authors: Mandler Michael 
Published: January 2025

Economics without Preferences lays out a new microeconomics - a theory of choice behavior, markets, and welfare - for agents who lack the preferences and marginal judgments that economics normally relies on. Agents without preferences defy the rules of the traditional model of rational choice but they can still systematically pursue their interests. The theory that results resolves several puzzles in economics. Status quo bias and other anomalies of behavioral economics shield agents from harm; they are expressions rather than violations of rationality. Parts of economic orthodoxy go out the window. Agents will fail to make the fine-grained trade-offs ingrained in conventional economics, leading market prices to be volatile and cost-benefit analysis to break down. This book provides policy alternatives to fill this void. Governments can spur innovation, the main benefit markets can deliver, while sheltering agents from the upheavals that accompany economic change.
Environmental and bioclimatic data for epidemiological analysis over French Mediterranean areas
Authors: Portes Camille , Ienco Dino , Verdin Eric , Gabriel Edith 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Risk-based surveillance is now a well-established paradigm in epidemiology, involving the distribution of sampling efforts differentially in time, space, and within populations, based on multiple risk factors. To assess and map the risk of the presence of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, we have compiled a dataset that includes factors influencing plant development and thus the spread of such harmful organism. To this end, we have collected, preprocessed, and gathered information and data related to land types, soil compositions, and climatic conditions to predict and assess the probability of risk associated with X. fastidiosa in relation to environmental features. This resource can be of interest to researchers conducting analyses on X. fastidiosa and, more generally, to researchers working on geospatial modeling of risk related to plant infectious diseases.
The Ghost of Article 12 in the Indian Constitution: the Verticality v. Horizontality Conundrum
Authors: Sharma Nidhi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThe chapter on fundamental rights in the Constitution of India, under article 12, identifies the “state” as the actor against whom fundamental rights can be enforced. Decades-long jurisprudence invoking article 12 has established the vertical enforcement of fundamental rights against state actors. However, a constitutional bench judgment in Kaushal Kishor (2023) alters this position, wherein the Supreme Court of India expanded the scope of fundamental rights against both state and non-state actors. This article analyzes the dictum in Kishor to argue that even when fundamental rights have been sporadically enforced against non-state actors, it has been by obligating the state to mitigate fundamental rights transgressions by non-state actors (doctrine of indirect horizontal application). The article raises constitutional concerns about the Court's reasoning in Kishor, positing that it ignores the constitutional mandate of article 12, disregards the judicial precedents supporting the vertical application of fundamental rights, and grants an unbounded sanction to enforce fundamental rights against virtually “anyone.”
Restitution of Conjugal Rights v. Individual Autonomy: Looking Through the Constitutional Lens in India
Authors: Sarker Shuvro Prosun , Biswas Mitu 
Published: January 2025

AbstractMarriage is an institution that varies from religion to religion. For Hindus, it is an indissoluble union; for Muslims, a civil contract; and for Christians, a holy union. However, individual autonomy has entered the forefront through the Indian Constitution and the revolution in Indian family law.The Constitution of India specifies that the people can decide who they should marry, who they should not, and with whom they want and don't want to continue their marital bond. The remedy of the restitution of conjugal rights (RCR), available under personal law, applies to those who are legally married but withdraw from marital ties without a reasonable excuse.This study found that RCR is one-sided and used against the other spouse's will. However, the Supreme Court of India has decided that individual autonomy is needed to protect individual liberty and promote national interest, but it has also upheld the validity of RCR, creating a genuine controversy. The object of this paper is twofold—to analyze the individual autonomy enshrined under article 21 of the Indian Constitution, which is contrary to the right to RCR, and to explore this topic through a comparative law technique.
Liberty or life: the Aotearoa New Zealand perspective
Authors: Barry-Walsh Justin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
A description is provided of the current situation in Aotearoa New Zealand with regard to compulsory treatment of people with schizophrenia. This is placed within the context of homelessness in New Zealand and the provision of services to the incarcerated mentally ill. There are high rates of homelessness and incarceration and services are struggling to meet their needs. This is particularly a problem for the indigenous population. The current Mental Health Act allows for compulsory treatment of people who as a result of schizophrenia are seriously impaired in their capacity to care for themselves, and this will include people where there is a nexus between homelessness and their illness. The Mental Health Act is being reformed, with a new act likely to emphasize autonomy and capacity to a greater degree. Finally, the author considers the learnings from 5 years working within the Fixated Threat Assessment Centre, which provides a unique perspective on these issues.
Exploring sleep value: Distinct profiles and individual differences
Authors: Sherriff Dustin , Solomon Samantha , Ward Levi , Nielson Spencer A. , Yang Chongming , Duraccio Kara M. , Kay Daniel B. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Sleep value is the relative worth individuals assign to sleep. We previously found that individual differences in several sleep value subfactors relate to demographic, health and sleep variables. Given the pivotal role values play in health behavior and the positive association between sleep value and sleep disturbance, individual differences in sleep value may influence vulnerability/resilience to sleep and circadian disturbance. This survey study (N = 455) aimed to establish the latent factor structure of sleep value and identify whether sleep value profiles relate to demographic and sleep characteristics. Factor analysis on the Sleep Valuation Item Bank 2.0 identified five factors (wanting, prioritizing, devaluing, appreciating and preferring). Latent profile analyses revealed five distinct sleep value profiles (unconcerned, appreciative, devalue, ambivalent priority and concerned). Depression, sleep disturbance and sleep-related impairment were highest among those who highly value sleep (concerned profile) and lowest among those who neither value nor devalue sleep (unconcerned profile). Findings suggest sleep value is a complex aspect of sleep health rather than a “more is better” construct and highlight that individual differences in sleep value profiles may be associated with vulnerability/resilience to sleep disturbance.