bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Status epilepticus in the Canadian Arctic: A public health imperative hidden in plain sight
Authors: Ng Marcus C. , Pavlova Milena 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe World Health Organization, International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE), and International Bureau for Epilepsy have called epilepsy a public health imperative, with appropriate emphasis on low‐to‐middle‐income countries (LMIC). Although Canada is a high‐income country (HIC), income is not distributed uniformly. Furthermore, epilepsy data from the national statistical agency explicitly overlook the Arctic by excluding these territories. A common neurologic emergency, status epilepticus (SE) is a life‐threatening manifestation of epilepsy that demands prompt treatment to avoid death and long‐term sequelae. Therefore, we examined the rate of SE in a well‐defined Canadian Arctic region.MethodsThis study takes epidemiologic advantage of the Kivalliq Region's geographical isolation, which is accessible only by air. All SE patients requiring emergency care are consistently flown 1200‐1900 kilometers to a single designated hospital in a distinct southern part of Canada for further management and electroencephalography (EEG). We conducted a retrospective database and chart review at this “bottleneck” hospital to identify patients with seizure(s) severe enough to justify emergency airborne medical evacuation over a 11.25‐year period from 2009 to 2020.ResultsWe screened 40 392 EEGs to yield 117 distinct medical evacuations for “operational SE” from 99 patients to derive estimated SE incidences of 99.9 evacuations per 100 000/year and 84.5 patients per 100 000/year. The average time from seizure onset to EEG was 3.2 days. Only 16.2% of SE patients had known epilepsy. For “confirmed SE” cases meeting ILAE criteria, or cases with persistently epileptiform EEG despite days of empiric treatment, estimated incidence was 77.7 evacuations per 100 000/year and 64.9 patients per 100 000/year.SignificanceHigh SE and epilepsy rates in the Canadian Arctic are consistent with LMIC rather than HIC. Our findings demonstrate the paradox of LMIC‐equivalent epilepsy populations camouflaged within HIC. Our findings also highlight the long‐standing plight of these under‐served and overlooked populations hidden in plain sight.
Feeling imperfect and imperfectly feeling: A network analysis on perfectionism, interoceptive sensibility, and eating symptomatology in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Martini Matteo , Marzola Enrica , Brustolin Annalisa , Abbate‐Daga Giovanni 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveIn recent years, the network analysis (NA) methodology has been applied to identify the central features of the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa (AN) and specific connections to previously recognized vulnerabilities. However, an NA investigating both multidimensional perfectionism and interoceptive sensibility in connection to eating symptomatology is currently missing.MethodA total of 260 individuals (139 patients with AN, 121 healthy control individuals) completed the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness and the Eating Disorders Inventory‐2. Using state‐of‐the‐art techniques, we estimated a main network with data from all participants and then compared the two separated networks. We checked the variables for empirical overlap through goldbricker, combined as suggested and implemented the empirical measure of the bridge nodes.ResultsIneffectiveness and need for control over self and body (resulting from combining Asceticism and Drive for Thinness) were the most central nodes, whereas perfectionistic evaluative concerns (resulting from combining Doubts about Actions and Concern over Mistakes) and mistrust in body sensations were the bridge nodes. No significant differences between the patient and control networks emerged.ConclusionsPerfectionistic evaluative concerns and mistrust in body sensations could be key components in the relationships among perfectionism, interoceptive sensibility and eating symptomatology.
Synthesis of a dual‐functionalized carbon‐based material as catalyst and supercapacitor for efficient hydrogen production and energy storage: Pd‐supported pomegranate peel
Authors: Akdemir Murat , Karakaş Duygu Elma , Kaya Mustafa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the current study, firstly, pomegranate peel (PP) was treated with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and palladium chloride (PdCl2) solution. So, the PP‐supported Pd (PP‐H3PO4‐Pd) catalyst was synthesized for hydrogen production by the methanolysis reaction. In this context, different burning temperatures (300°C, 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C), and burning times (30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes) were examined to test the activity of the PP‐H3PO4‐Pd catalyst by the methanolysis reactions. As a result of studies, the most active catalyst was obtained by burning 45 minutes at 300°C (2 mL PdCl2solution 2% w/w). The maximum hydrogen production rate (HPR) obtained at 60°C by the methanolysis reaction was found as 37 240.4 mL min−1 g cat−1and the activation energy was calculated to be 26.83 kJ mol−1. Within the scope of this study, secondly, this PP‐H3PO4‐Pd catalyst was used as a supercapacitor active material for the first time to store electricity. Electrochemical characterization results were substantially similar to supercapacitor curves in the literature. At the current density of 1 A/g, the gravimetric capacitance of the prepared electrode was calculated as 84 F/g. Considering factors such as capacity, cost, and efficiency; the capacitance values of the produced ultracapacitor have a significant level.
Numerical prediction of breakup mode of contracting gas filament in liquid
Authors: Ma Yang , Cheng Yongpan , Zhang Dongjie , Zhang Ke , Wang Fan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe breaking up of gas filament in liquid is important in many industrial and scientific applications. In this study, a transient axisymmetric model with the level set method is built up to examine the dynamics of a contracting gas filament, and to determine the effects of the aspect ratio, Ohnesorge (Oh) number, and viscosity ratio on its breakup mode. The filament undergoes no break, middle break, or end‐pinching modes with increasing aspect ratio at either a low or a high Oh number, and one critical initial aspect ratio is observed for each Oh number. The fate of the filament is determined by the interaction of capillary waves on its surface, and can be predicted accurately by using the one‐dimensional wave superposition method. The decreasing viscosity ratio of liquid over gas reduces the critical initial aspect ratio for the fate transition between the no break and breakup modes, and this effect is reduced at a low viscosity ratio. These findings may be helpful in fabricating gas bubbles and their breakup suppression.
Effects of total mixed ration with various silage on growth performance, serum parameters, ruminal fermentation, and bacteria community profile in beef cattle
Authors: Zhang Xia , Wang Hucheng , Guo Xusheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe possibilities of using high‐quality forages in incorporation with total mixed ration (TMR) during the fattening period of beef cattle have been investigated. A total of 30 Simmental bulls (438.94 ± 11.45 kg) were selected and randomly divided into two groups, TMR with single corn silage (SS) and TMR with various silage (MS). The whole experiment consisted of 15 days preparation period and 69 days experimental period. Rumen fluid and blood samples were taken from six beef cattle per treatment at the end of the experiment. The results showed that the average daily gain of the MS group (1.56 kg/day) was higher than (p < .05) the SS group (1.30 kg/day), and a decrease of feed conversion ratio in the MS (10.83) group was observed compared with SS group (12.36) (p < .05). The concentration of total volatile fatty acids for MS group was greater than (p < .05) the SS group. The activities of total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase from MS group were also higher than the SS group, but lower urea nitrogen was found in the MS group from serum (p < .05). In addition, the abundances of the Prevotella‐1 and Verrucomicrobia were higher in the MS group than the SS group (p < .05). An increase in the flavonoid biosynthesis was detected in the MS group compared with the SS group by Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. The present findings suggest that it is economical and healthy to substitute high‐quality forage +low level of concentrate for a relatively low proportion forage +high level of concentrate in a finishing diet of beef cattle, which was a feasible and healthy strategy in the intensive feeding system.
Utilizing Zirconium MOF‐functionalized Fiber Substrates Prepared by Molecular Layer Deposition for Toxic Gas Capture and Chemical Warfare Agent Degradation
Authors: Gorzkowska‐Sobas Agnieszka , Lausund Kristian Blindheim , de Koning Martijn C. , Petrovic Veljko , Chavan Sachin M. , Smith Martin W. , Nilsen Ola 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of porous organic‐inorganic solids extensively explored for numerous applications owing to their catalytic activity and high surface area. In this work MOF thin films deposited in a one‐step, molecular layer deposition (MLD), an all‐gas‐phase process, on glass wool fibers are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and their capabilities towards toxic industrial chemical (TIC) capture and chemical warfare agents (CWA) degradation are investigated. It is shown that despite low volume of the active material used, MOFs thin films are capable of removal of harmful gaseous chemicals from air stream and CWA from neutral aqueous environment. The results confirm that the MLD‐deposited MOF thin films, amorphous and crystalline, are suitable materials for use in air filtration, decontamination, and physical protection against CWA and TIC.
Highly Efficient Multiscale Fog Collector Inspired by Sarracenia Trichome Hierarchical Structure
Authors: Chen Huawei , Ran Tong , Zhang Kaiteng , Chen Dengke , Gan Yang , Wang Zelinlan , Jiang Lei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFog harvesting through bionic strategies to solve water shortage has drawn considerable attention. Recently, an ultrafast fog harvesting and transport mode was identified in Sarracenia trichome, which is mainly attributed to its superslippery capillary force induced by its unique hierarchical microchannel. However, the underlying effect of hierarchical microchannel‐induced ultrafast transport on fog harvesting and the multiscale structural coupling effect on highly efficient fog harvesting are still great challenges. Herein, a bionic Sarracenia trichome (BST) with an on‐demand regular hierarchical microchannel is designed using a one‐step thermoplastic stretching approach on a glass fiber bundle. The BST is engineered to harbor major channels confined by an inner gear pattern along with junior microchannels that are automatically assembled by the glass fiber monofilaments. The BST shows enhanced capillary condensation and fog harvesting performance, in part due to its coupling effect with a Janus membrane (JM). Hence, a highly efficient multiscale fog collector is developed, in which a gradient high‐pressure field is purposely formed to improve by threefold fog harvesting performance compared with a single‐scale structure. This easy manufacturing and low‐cost fog collector may represent a useful tool for harvesting fog water for production and living and pave the way for further investigations.
Validating dynamicity in resting state fMRI with activation‐informed temporal segmentation
Authors: Duda Marlena , Koutra Danai , Sripada Chandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConfirming the presence (or absence) of dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) states during rest is an important open question in the field of cognitive neuroscience. The prevailing dFC framework aims to identify dynamics directly from connectivity estimates with a sliding window approach, however this method suffers from several drawbacks including sensitivity to window size and poor test–retest reliability. We hypothesize that time‐varying changes in functional connectivity are mirrored by significant temporal changes in functional activation, and that this coupling can be leveraged to study dFC without the need for a predefined sliding window. Here, we introduce a data‐driven dFC framework, which involves informed segmentation of fMRI time series at candidate FC state transition points estimated from changes in whole‐brain functional activation, rather than a fixed‐length sliding window. We show our approach reliably identifies true cognitive state change points when applied on block‐design working memory task data and outperforms the standard sliding window approach in both accuracy and computational efficiency in this context. When applied to data from four resting state fMRI scanning sessions, our method consistently recovers five reliable FC states, and subject‐specific features derived from these states show significant correlation with behavioral phenotypes of interest (cognitive ability, personality). Overall, these results suggest abrupt whole‐brain changes in activation can be used as a marker for changes in connectivity states and provides new evidence for the existence of time‐varying FC in rest.
The impact of dopaminergic treatment over cognitive networks in Parkinson's disease: Stemming the tide?
Authors: Aracil‐Bolaños Ignacio , Sampedro Frederic , Pujol Jesus , Soriano‐Mas Carles , Gónzalez‐de‐Echávarri José María , Kulisevsky Jaime , Pagonabarraga Javier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDopamine‐replacing therapies are an effective treatment for the motor aspects of Parkinson's disease. However, its precise effect over the cognitive resting‐state networks is not clear; whether dopaminergic treatment normalizes their functional connectivity‐as in other networks‐ and the links with cognitive decline are presently unknown. We recruited 35 nondemented PD patients and 16 age‐matched controls. Clinical and neuropsychological assessments were performed at baseline, and conversion to dementia was assessed in a 10 year follow‐up. Structural and functional brain imaging were acquired in both the ON and practical OFF conditions. We assessed functional connectivity in both medication states compared to healthy controls, connectivity differences within participants related to the ON/OFF condition, and baseline connectivity of PD participants that converted to dementia compared to those who did not convert. PD participants showed and increased frontoparietal connectivity compared to controls: a pattern of higher connectivity between salience (SN) and default‐mode (DMN) networks both in the ON and OFF states. Within PD patients, this higher SN‐DMN connectivity characterized the participants in the ON state, while within‐DMN connectivity prevailed in the OFF state. Interestingly, participants who converted to dementia also showed higher SN‐DMN connectivity in their baseline ON scans compared to nonconverters. To conclude, PD patients showed higher frontoparietal connectivity in cognitive networks compared to healthy controls, irrespective of medication status, but dopaminergic treatment specifically promoted SN‐DM hyperconnectivity.
Terminology framing global learning and internationalization discussions
Authors: Longerbeam Susan , Cuyjet Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article clarifies language in internationalization literature and its uses by collegiate faculty. Terms such as internationalization often have widely varied interpretations by people who use them worldwide. We explore the more common meanings and uses for terms used in this volume. To avoid cultural hegemony, we attempted to be as unambiguous as possible when applying the terms across various cultures. We engage here in a brief analysis of such terms as cultural strengths, cultural humility, cultural competence, cultural sensitivity, cultural intelligence, and cultural agility and how those concepts are manifested in the faculty and student populations involved in global learning programs and activities.
Academic capitalism and the conflicting ideologies of higher education as a public good and commodity
Authors: Fredricks‐Lowman Imani , Smith‐Isabell Natesha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, we provide an overview of the rise of academic capitalism based on the ongoing commodification and entrepreneurial trends in higher education. We begin by outlining the historical mission of higher education institutions (HEIs) and shift to discussing the current higher education landscape. In particular, we discuss how strategies regarding the financial security of the HEI benefit from the diversification of their revenue streams between education, industry, and research. We conclude with a discussion of how internationalization strategies have been impacted by the emergence of academic capitalism.
Internationalization at home strategies examined through the intersections of racism, linguicism, and ableism
Authors: Kim Hyejung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInternationalization at home (IaH) strategies target the majority of non‐mobile students to improve global competencies within their home institution. However, visible differences in social identities including race/ethnicity, language, dis/ability can create invisible social boundaries between students, further impeding the achievement of international and intercultural competencies. This article utilizes the intersections of racism, linguicism, and ableism as a proxy of diversity to discuss the implementation of IaH for diverse learners in postsecondary institutions in the global society. The first part of this article delineates each site of minoritization followed by the intersectionality in the educational experiences of diverse learners with multiple vulnerabilities. Finally, inclusive IaH strategies are suggested to embrace the diversity that fosters intercultural and international competencies in students’ home institutions.
Pollution at schools and children's aerobic capacity
Authors: Marcus Michelle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPoor respiratory health is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and children are especially vulnerable. Existing research in economics has documented the effect of pollution on severe health outcomes, such as hospitalizations for asthma and infant death. However, evidence on the effect of air pollution on less extreme measures of respiratory health is limited, because these effects are difficult to measure. Using a more sensitive measure, aerobic capacity (), I study the impact of air pollution on respiratory performance of children. I combine school‐grade level data from the California Physical Fitness Test from 2009 to 2017 with local air pollution and weather data to estimate the impact on student aerobic capacity of fluctuations in air pollution levels on testing days. Ozone affects child aerobic capacity at levels even below the Environmental Protection Agency thresholds.
Health care use in response to health shocks: Does socio‐economic status matter?
Authors: Fiebig Denzil G. , van Gool Kees , Hall Jane , Mu Chunzhou 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe investigate how utilization of primary care, specialist care, and emergency department (ED) care (and the mix across the three) changes in response to a change in health need. We determine whether any changes in utilization are impacted by socio‐economic status. The use of a unique Australian data set that consists of a large survey linked to multiple years of detailed administrative records enables us to better control for individual heterogeneity and allows us to exploit changes in health that are related to the onset of two health shocks: a new diagnosis of diabetes and heart disease. We extend the analysis by also examining changes to patient out‐of‐pocket costs. We find significant differences in the mix between primary and specialist care use according to income and type of health shock but no evidence of using ED as a substitute for other care. Our results indicate that low‐ and high‐income patients navigate very different pathways for their care following the onset of diabetes and to a lesser extent heart disease. These pathways appear to be chosen on the basis of ability to pay, rather than the most effective or efficient bundle of care delivered through a combination of GP and specialist care.
Outcomes of salvage treatment in patients with recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Tseng‐Cheng , Lo Ta‐Hsuan , Huang Huai‐Cheng , Wang Chun‐Wei , Yang Tsung‐Lin , Lou Pei‐Jen , Ko Jenq‐Yuh , Wang Cheng‐Ping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe survival outcomes of different salvage treatments for patients with recurrent oral cancer remain unclear.MethodsA total of 556 patients with recurrent oral cancer between 2010 and 2015 were reviewed. Clinical/pathological risk factors and different salvage treatments were analyzed.ResultsThe 2‐year disease‐free survival rates after recurrence in patients not receiving salvage operation (305 patients), receiving salvage operation with (121 patients), and without (130 patients) major pathological risk factors (margin or extranodal extension) were 5.3%, 32.4%, and 77.2%, respectively (p < 0.001). The 2‐year overall survival rates were 20.3%, 58.4%, and 89.2%, respectively (p < 0.001). A late‐onset recurrence, salvage radiation, and salvage operation were independent factors for good disease‐free and overall survival. Salvage radiation showed survival benefits among patients not indicated for salvage operations.ConclusionsSalvage operation was the first choice for recurrent oral cancer. Patients who received the salvage operation without major risk factors had the best survival.
Therapeutic targeting of hepatic ACSL4 ameliorates NASH in mice
Authors: Duan Jingjing , Wang Zhuo , Duan Ran , Yang Chenxinhui , Zhao Ruolin , Feng Qi , Qin Yuanyuan , Jiang Jingwei , Gu Shouyong , Lv Kaiyan , Zhang Libo , He Bixia , Birnbaumer Lutz , Yang Song , Chen Zhen , Yang Yong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Globally, NAFLD is one of the most common liver disorders, with an estimated prevalence rate of more than 30% in men and 15% in women and an even higher prevalence in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Optimal pharmacologic therapeutic approaches for NAFLD are an urgent necessity.

Approach and Results
In this study, we showed that compared with healthy controls, hepatic ACSL4 levels in patients with NAFLD were found to be elevated. Suppression of ACSL4 expression promoted mitochondrial respiration, thereby enhancing the capacity of hepatocytes to mediate β‐oxidation of fatty acids and to minimize lipid accumulation by up‐regulating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor coactivator‐1 alpha. Moreover, we found that abemaciclib is a potent and selective ACSL4 inhibitor, and low dose of abemaciclib significantly ameliorated most of the NAFLD symptoms in multiple NAFLD mice models.

Conclusions
Therefore, inhibition of ACSL4 is a potential alternative therapeutic approach for NAFLD.