bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing lower urinary tract symptoms in primary care: qualitative study of GPs’ and patients’ experiences
Authors: Milosevic Sarah , Joseph-Williams Natalie , Pell Bethan , Cain Elizabeth , Hackett Robyn , Murdoch Ffion , Ahmed Haroon , Allen A Joy , Bray Alison , Thomas-Jones Emma , Harding Chris , Edwards Adrian 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common in males aged ≥40 years and have a considerable impact on quality of life. Management can be complex, and although most LUTS could be treated effectively in primary care, referrals to urology outpatients are increasing.AimTo explore GPs’ experiences of managing LUTS together with patients’ experiences of and preferences for treatment in primary care.Design and settingTelephone interviews were conducted with GPs and male patients presenting to primary care with bothersome LUTS.MethodEleven GPs and 25 male patients were purposively sampled from 20 GP practices in three UK regions: Newcastle upon Tyne, Bristol, and South Wales. Interviews were conducted between May 2018 and January 2019, and were analysed using a framework approach.ResultsDifficulty establishing causes and differentiating between prostate and bladder symptoms were key challenges to the diagnosis of LUTS in primary care, often making treatment a process of trial and error. Pharmacological treatments were commonly ineffective and often caused side effects. Despite this, patients were generally satisfied with GP consultations and expressed a preference for treatment in primary care.ConclusionManaging LUTS in primary care is a more accessible option for patients. Given the challenges of LUTS diagnosis, an effective diagnostic tool for use by GPs would be beneficial. Ensuring bothersome LUTS are not dismissed as a normal part of ageing is essential in improving patients’ quality of life. Greater exploration of the role of non-pharmacological treatments is needed.
Non-specific symptoms-based pathways for diagnosing less common cancers in primary care: a service evaluation
Authors: Chapman Dave , Poirier Veronique , Fitzgerald Karen , Nicholson Brian D , Hamilton Willie 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundAlthough less common cancers account for almost half of all cancer diagnoses in England, their relative scarcity and complex presentation, often with non-specific symptoms, means that patients often experience multiple primary care consultations, long times to diagnosis, and poor clinical outcomes. An urgent referral pathway for non-specific symptoms, the Multidisciplinary Diagnostic Centre (MDC), may address this problem.AimTo examine the less common cancers identified during the MDC pilots and consider whether such an approach improves the diagnosis of these cancers.Design and settingA service evaluation of five MDC pilot projects in England from December 2016 to March 2019.MethodData items were collected by pilot sites in near-real time, based mainly on the English cancer outcomes and services dataset, with additional project-specific items. Simple descriptive and comparative statistics were used, including χ2 tests for proportions and t-tests for means where appropriate.ResultsFrom 5134 referrals, 378 cancers were diagnosed, of which 218 (58%) were less common. More than 30 different less common tumour types were diagnosed in this cohort. Of the MDC patients with less common cancers, 23% (n = 50) had ≥3 GP consultations before referral and, at programme level, a median time of 57 days was recorded from GP urgent referral to treatment for these tumour types.ConclusionA non-specific symptomatic referral route diagnoses a broad range of less common cancers, and can support primary care case management for patients with symptoms of possible cancer that do not qualify for a site-specific urgent referral.
COVID-19 Pandemic and Higher Education: Leveraging on Digital Technologies and Mobile Applications for Online Learning in Ghana
Authors: Demuyakor John 
Published: June 2021

Since mid-March 2020, educational systems worldwide and particularly Ghana were under increasing pressure to use the new Digital Technologies (DTs) and mobile applications (apps) to assist teachers in guiding students to continue with online learning activities due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study is aimed at assessing the utilization of DTs and apps tools by students during the COVID-19 pandemic and how those technologies have affected online learning in institutions of higher education in Ghana. The researcher adopted an online survey and exploratory-based design that utilized quantitative and qualitative approaches to purposively collect data from N=784 students from three major public universities in Ghana. Also, the study applied Uses and Gratification as the theoretical basis in understanding the utilization of DTs and their possible limitations for remote learning during the peak of COVID-19 in Ghana. This study reported that the specific DMTs and mobile apps used by students in higher education for online learning are smarts phones and apps such as Class In, Zoom, Skype, and Instagram live stream. This study also revealed that Personal Learning Network (PLN) such as WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter were also actively used by students for remote online learning. Again, the study shows that 77.1% of students in the sampled three universities were fully aware of the DTs and apps utilized for online learning during COVID-19. Also, the findings from this study report that students in higher institutions identified unstable electricity for continuous online learning, especially for those students in rural areas, unreliable internet service, poor WiFi connections, expensive smartphones / laptops, and high cost of inter bundle as key challenges of using DMTs and mobile apps for online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, on the perceived usefulness of DTs and mobile apps among students for online learning in higher educational institutions, the findings from this study suggest that DMT’s and apps were of great benefit to students for remote online learning.
Enhancing English Communication Skills of Thai University Students through Google Apps for Education (GAFE) in a Digital Era during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Chiablaem Parichat 
Published: June 2021

During the covid-19 dilemma, all educators worldwide have been alerted by the alarm clock of urgent online teaching and learning. This leads to a curiosity of which online tools are suitable for the online learning contexts, especially for English classrooms where there are more than just lecturing, but also practicing English skills. Google Applications for Education (GAFE) is one of the teaching alternatives to create collaborative learning and being used as major media in online teaching. Therefore, the aim of this quantitative study is to explore the opinions of Thai university students regarding the use of G Suite Applications namely Google Classroom, Google Meet, Google Docs, and Google Forms, in an English online course during the Covid-19 situation and to indicate how the applications can be integrated with online tasks that promote English skills. The participants of the study were students who enrolled in a fundamental English course which was conducted online at the time of the Covid-19 crisis by the researcher. The data were gathered from an online questionnaire consists of statements that represent key indicators of efficiency and validity of Integrated Technology and the information is interpreted by 5-point Likert Scale (Strongly agree, agree, disagree, and strongly disagree). The results show that the students have a positive experience using the applications in their online learnings. They agreed that the combinations of this application based on the functions enable them to enhance all English skills and grammatical and lexical knowledge. There is also a guideline that suggests how to apply these applications to create learning activities and tasks in an online setting. All in all, it is believed that this research will be a starting point for English teachers to use Web 2.0 tools, particularly G Suite, to serve the needs of the learners in the future online during this covid-19 crisis.
Cognitive Flexibility of Students with Learning Disabilities in English Language and its Relationship to some Variables
Authors: Saleem Khasawneh Mohamad Ahmad 
Published: June 2021

This study aimed at exploring the level of cognitive flexibility of students with learning disabilities in the English language in Irbid Governorate and its relationship with the variables of gender and school grade. The study sample consisted of (380) male and female students in the elementary stage. The study used the descriptive approach and developed the cognitive flexibility scale as an instrument to collect data. The content validity and reliability of the instrument were ensured using the Cronbach Alpha and repetition methods. The results revealed statistically significant differences in the level of cognitive flexibility among those with learning disabilities due to the gender variable in favor of males and to the school grade variable in favor of the second primary grade.
Diseases Transmission Via Semen: Importance and Control Strategies
Authors: KAYA Cumali , AKAR Melih , YALÇIN Burcu 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Disease transmission via semen is an extremely adversarial situation in terms of animal husbandry and reproductive productivity. Artificial insemination is the most widely used method in reproductive biotechnology. The main purpose of artificial insemination is to make genetic improvement. Millions of semen doses produce and distributed throughout the world. With this method, semen obtained both domestically and abroad affects animal husbandry throughout the country. Therefore, absolutely semen should be free from all kinds of disease factors. Control strategies should be determined and implemented in the entire process, from semen procurement to storage. Serious measures should be taken in semen production facilities; breeding animals should be checked regularly. Semen obtained from breeding animals in sperm stations should be investigated for various pathogens. Care should be taken to vaccinate the animals, and disease-free herds should be created. The purpose of this review is to review the importance of diseases via semen and the determination of control strategies.
Formação e atuação de professores de educação física em diferentes campos de trabalho: nexos e relações
Authors: Santana Matheus Lima de , Taffarel Celi Nelza Zulke 
Published: June 2021

INTRODUÇÃO: O texto apresenta resultados do estudo realizado na disciplina Prática de Ensino IV do Curso de Licenciatura em Educação Física da UFBA. Trata da atuação dos professores de Educação Física em diversos campos de trabalho no Calabar, em Salvador, Bahia. OBJETIVO: Identificar as regularidades e possibilidades de formação e atuação dos professores de Educação Física em diferentes campos de atuação existentes em uma comunidade. MÉTODOS: Os procedimentos foram: levantamento, sistematização e exposição de dados empíricos de experiências pedagógicas realizadas nas instituições do bairro. RESULTADOS: A regularidade no trabalho formativo refere-se ao trato com o conhecimento, a forma e os destinatários. Tríade inseparável para qualquer planejamento em qualquer espaço formativo. CONCLUSÃO: Podemos concluir que não se justifica, epistemologicamente e profissionalmente, a divisão na formação dos professores de Educação Física, vez que, o trabalho pedagógico caracteriza a atuação profissional em qualquer campo de trabalho.TITLE: Formation and performance of physical education teachers in different work fields: nexuses and relationsABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The text presents results of the study carried out in the Practical Teaching discipline IV of the Physical Education Degree Course at UFBA. It deals with the regularities in the performance of Physical Education teachers in different work fields at Calabar, in Salvador, Bahia. OBJECTIVE: To identify the regularities and possibilities of training and performance of Physical Education teachers in different fields of activity existing in a community. METHODS: The procedures were: survey, systematization and exposure of empirical data from pedagogical experiences carried out in the neighborhood institutions. RESULTS: The regularity in training work refers to dealing with knowledge, the form and the recipients. An inseparable triad for any planning in any formative space. CONCLUSION: We can conclude that the division in the formation of Physical Education teachers is not justified, epistemologically and professionally, since the pedagogical work characterizes the professional performance in any field of work.
Relato de experiência dos atendimentos de enfermagem em triagem para o diagnóstico da COVID-19 em profissionais da saúde
Authors: Tanure Bacelar Antunes Cí­ntia Maria , Da Costa Luciano Cristiana , Cândido Bahia Julyana , De Araújo Ferreira P. Bastos Rayssa Maria 
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: Descrever as dificuldades relatadas pelos profissionais de saúde perante a assistência a pacientes suspeitos ou confirmados da COVID-19, durante um atendimento em triagem para realização de exame. Método: Trata-se de um relato de experiência dos atendimentos em triagem de enfermagem í profissionais de saúde para coleta de amostras para o diagnóstico da COVID-19, entre abril a julho de 2020, em uma universidade pública da região central do Brasil. Resultados: As dificuldades reportadas foram: acesso limitado aos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual nos ambientes de trabalho; acesso restrito a testagem diagnóstica para COVID-19 e pouco conhecimento sobre a diferenciação e finalidade dos testes. Conclusão: A atuação da enfermagem aos profissionais da saúde na pandemia é de extrema importância. É relevante abordagens estratégicas de órgãos governamentais e de instituições de saúde acerca de capacitação para os profissionais da saúde e acesso aos equipamentos necessários para a saúde do trabalhador.
Elementos da masculinidade que vulnerabilizam homens í morbimortalidade pela COVID-19: revisão integrativa
Authors: De Jesus Soares Andréia , Fernandes Soares e Soares Caroline , Caetano dos Santos Silva Fernanda , Ferreira da Silva Andrey , Estrela Fernanda Matheus , Fernandes de Magalhães Júlia Renata , Arão da Silva Oliveira Milena , Moreira Lima Anderson 
Published: June 2021

Objetivou-se conhecer os elementos da masculinidade que vulnerabilizam homens a morbimortalidade pela COVID-19. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada no mês de maio de 2020, por meio das plataformas Pubcovid-19 e a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Utilizou-se as seguintes estratégias de busca "Covid" and "Men"; "Covid" and "Men" and "Health"; "Covid" and "Gender identity", apresentando 490 documentos e após os critérios de inclusão totalizaram 07 artigos. Os elementos da masculinidade que incitam a vulnerabilidade do homem í morbimortalidade pela COVID-19 dizem respeito ao provimento familiar e consequente exposição ocupacional no trabalho, estilo de vida não saudável, expressos pelo tabagismo e alcoolismo, violação das regras de distanciamento social, negligência de práticas preventivas, que reverberam no sistema imunológico masculino mais debilitado. Entretanto í literatura também desvelou que a não busca masculina pelos serviços de saúde influenciado pela convicção de invulnerabilidade e pelos discursos polí­ticos que minoram a doença também são influenciadoras na elevação da exposição e mortalidade masculina pela COVID-19. O conhecimento dos elementos que favorecem os homens ao adoecimento e consequente morte pela doença, urge que sejam pensadas estratégias de prevenção para esse público.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR MULTI-VERSION FORMATION OF FAULT-TOLERANT SOFTWARE SYSTEMS
Authors: Ковалев И.В. , Ковалев Д.И. , Брит А.А. , Сарамуд М.В. 
Published: June 2021

В статье рассматривается информационная технология для мультиверсионного формирования отказоустойчивых программных систем с динамической архитектурой среды исполнения. Предложена модификация алгоритма муравьиной колонии с новым решающим правилом и поддержкой методики множественных стартов для формирования мультиверсионной программной системы как при нисходящем, так и при восходящем методе проектирования.
The article discusses information technology for multiversion formation of fault-tolerant software systems with a dynamic architecture of the runtime environment. A modification of the ant colony algorithm with a new decision rule and support for multiple starts is proposed for the formation of a multiversion software system with both top-down and bottom-up design methods.
DEVELOPMENT OF A BLOCK DIAGRAM AND SIMULATION MODEL OF A CHARGING AND DISCHARGING DEVICE FOR HIGH-CAPACITY LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
Authors: Сушкевич Н.В. 
Published: June 2021

Зарядно-разрядное устройство (ЗРУ) используется в качестве оборудования для проведения ресурсных испытаний аккумуляторных батарей. В данной статье разработаны структурная схема и имитационная модель ЗРУ, содержащего импульсный преобразователь тока и импульсный преобразователь напряжения.
The charging and discharging device (CDD) is used as the equipment for carrying out service life tests of accumulator batteries. In this article, a block diagram and a simulation model of a CDD containing a pulse current converter and a pulse voltage converter are developed.
The exploration-exploitation trade-off in a foraging task is affected by mood-related arousal and valence
Authors: van Dooren Roel , de Kleijn Roy , Hommel Bernhard , Sjoerds Zsuzsika 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe exploration-exploitation trade-off shows conceptual, functional, and neural analogies with the persistence-flexibility trade-off. We investigated whether mood, which is known to modulate the persistence-flexibility balance, would similarly affect the exploration-exploitation trade-off in a foraging task. More specifically, we tested whether interindividual differences in foraging behavior can be predicted by mood-related arousal and valence. In 119 participants, we assessed mood-related interindividual differences in exploration-exploitation using a foraging task that included minimal task constraints to reduce paradigm-induced biases of individual control tendencies. We adopted the marginal value theorem as a model-based analysis approach, which approximates optimal foraging behavior by tackling the patch-leaving problem. To assess influences of mood on foraging, participants underwent either a positive or negative mood induction. Throughout the experiment, we assessed arousal and valence levels as predictors for explorative/exploitative behavior. Our mood manipulation affected participants' arousal and valence ratings as expected. Moreover, mood-related arousal was found to predict exploration while valence predicted exploitation, which only partly matched our expectations and thereby the proposed conceptual overlap with flexibility and persistence, respectively. The current study provides a first insight into how processes related to arousal and valence differentially modulate foraging behavior. Our results imply that the relationship between exploration-exploitation and flexibility-persistence is more complicated than the semantic overlap between these terms might suggest, thereby calling for further research on the functional, neural, and neurochemical underpinnings of both trade-offs.
How Cost Impacts Equitable Participation in Astronomy Outreach Events
Authors: Archipley Melanie , Dalgleish Hannah S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The International Astronomical Youth Camp (IAYC) is an astronomy education outreach event with more than 50 yr of history and over 1700 unique participants from 81 nationalities. The International Workshop for Astronomy e.V. is the non-profit organization behind the IAYC, established in 1979 and based in Germany. The IAYC’s unprecedented longevity in a rapidly globalizing world has meant that financial inequities decreases the reach of the camp to people from the Global South compared to Global North countries. Though nationalities represented per camp has increased steadily since its inception, the share of participants from eastern Europe and Africa has dropped, while those from western Europe and North America have increased. This note examines how camp cost, location, and leadership affects nationality diversity among participants, and how astronomy outreach events must reckon with funding for less privileged participants with limited access to resources.
Les déterminants des compétences sociales des élèves de cycle III
Authors: Fanchini Agathe 
Published: June 2021

Les différences de réussite à l’école primaire traditionnellement étudiées par les chercheurs en éducation peuvent être analysées à la lumière des compétences et plus particulièrement des compétences sociales. Champ théorique encore en construction, les compétences sociales deviennent tout de même un « incontournable » pour les acteurs du système éducatif et pour la recherche en sciences de l’éducation. Par une approche pluridisciplinaire, cet article propose d’étudier quels sont les déterminants des compétences sociales à l’aide d’indicateurs sociodémographiques et scolaires largement empruntés dans les modèles d’explication des différences de réussite, auxquels sont associées des mesures de l’image de soi, du névrosisme et du rapport à l’école. Ces dimensions participent en effet à la socialisation et au développement des compétences de l’élève. Un outil de mesure validé des compétences sociales et un échantillon de 855 élèves de cycle III permettent de comprendre par exemple la réussite des filles à l’école ou le poids de l’image de soi dans le développement des compétences sociales interindividuelles et intra-individuelles. Les résultats explicatifs des déterminants des compétences sociales (elles-mêmes explicatives de la réussite) peuvent alors ouvrir le débat sur les différences de réussite scolaire à l’école en redessinant le schéma classique du lien direct entre les caractéristiques des élèves et leur réussite, par l’effet intermédiaire des compétences sociales.
Detection ofAdelges tsugae(Hemiptera: Adelgidae) wool using Velcro-covered balls
Authors: Fidgen Jeffrey G. , Whitmore Mark C. , MacQuarrie Chris J.K. , Turgeon Jean J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAdelges tsugaeAnnand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), a nonindigenous insect pest of hemlock (Tsugaspp.) (Pinaceae) in eastern North America, spends most of its life cycle within an ovisac, which resembles a woolly white mass on twigs. We evaluated the probability of detecting adelgid wool with Velcro®-covered balls when taking an increasing number of samples per tree (field sampling) and number of trees per simulated stand. We examined the relationship between the detection of adelgid wool using this technique and the incidence ofA. tsugae-infested twigs by sampling lower-crown branch tips of the same trees. We found that the probability of detecting wool with ball sampling increased with number of ball samples per tree, with number of trees per simulated stand, and with increasing incidence of ovisacs in the lower crown. When sampling an individual tree, we found that 20 ball samples per tree achieved a targeted precision level of 0.75, but when sampling a stand, we found that 10 ball samples per tree took the least time for the range of simulatedA. tsugaeinfestations we tested. These sample sizes are recommended for detection ofA. tsugaeinfestations on an individual tree and in a hemlock stand.