bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Electrolyte Gelation to Prevent Chemical Crossover in Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Zelong , He Guang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractChemical crossover is one of the key factors affecting the stable cycling of Li metal batteries using conventional carbonate electrolyte. Solid state electrolyte can help solve this problem, but has serious electrolyte/electrode problems that may cause non‐uniform Li deposition. Herein, a simple strategy to balance the chemical crossover and interfacial problems by employing composite gel electrolyte composed of PEO‐based polymer electrolyte and liquid LiPF6 electrolyte, is reported. The high viscosity of the gel polymer can effectively prevent side reaction products and also ensures good contact between electrolyte and electrode. Meanwhile, Li+ migration number of the colloidal polymer electrolyte is as high as 0.67, allowing the cells to be operated at room temperature. The full battery assembled with commercial high‐capacity LiFePO4 (12 mg cm–2) has a specific capacity of 110 mAh g–1 after 160 cycles along with high Coulombic efficiency. Further structural analyses confirm the LiFePO4 cathodes are well maintained after long‐term cycling, indicating the simple cell engineering process is effective to prevent the shuttling of undesired ions and thus protects LiFePO4 cathode from corrosion due to chemical crossover.
Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of π‐Extended Carbazole‐Based Systems and their Application as Organic Semiconductors
Authors: Hendrich Christoph M. , Hannibal Valentin D. , Eberle Lukas , Hertwig Leif E. , Zschieschang Ute , Rominger Frank , Rudolph Matthias , Klauk Hagen , K. Hashmi A. Stephen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHerein we describe a gold‐catalyzed bidirectional synthesis of N‐heteropolycyclic compounds bearing carbazole moieties – namely π‐extended benzodicarbazoles and π‐extended indolocarbazoles. Overall, four previously unknown core structures were synthesized. This approach is convergent, modular and the gold‐catalyzed key step comprises of a cascade reaction starting from stable di‐azido compounds. The obtained molecules were fully characterized and their optical and electronic properties as well as their performance in organic thin‐film transistors generated by vacuum deposition were studied. Charge‐carrier mobilities of up to 0.3 cm2/Vs were measured.magnified image
Silica‐Microencapsulated Orange Oil for Sustainable Pest Control
Authors: Sciortino Marzia , Scurria Antonino , Lino Claudia , Pagliaro Mario , D'Agostino Fabio , Tortorici Simona , Ricupero Michele , Biondi Antonio , Zappalà Lucia , Ciriminna Rosaria 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn ultralow amount of sub‐micron spherical SiO2 particles encapsulating 7 wt% crude orange oil (SiliOrange) suspended in water shows surprisingly high insecticidal activity against the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, and significantly reduces the progeny of cotton aphid Aphis gossypii under laboratory testing conditions. Considering the ease of reproducible preparation of the material and the biocompatible nature of both silica and orange essential oil, these results may open the route to sustainable pest control using new biopesticide water‐based formulations based on sol–gel microencapsulated orange oil.
Ice Inhibition for Cryopreservation: Materials, Strategies, and Challenges
Authors: Chang Tie , Zhao Gang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCryopreservation technology has developed into a fundamental and important supporting method for biomedical applications such as cell‐based therapeutics, tissue engineering, assisted reproduction, and vaccine storage. The formation, growth, and recrystallization of ice crystals are the major limitations in cell/tissue/organ cryopreservation, and cause fatal cryoinjury to cryopreserved biological samples. Flourishing anti‐icing materials and strategies can effectively regulate and suppress ice crystals, thus reducing ice damage and promoting cryopreservation efficiency. This review first describes the basic ice cryodamage mechanisms in the cryopreservation process. The recent development of chemical ice‐inhibition molecules, including cryoprotectant, antifreeze protein, synthetic polymer, nanomaterial, and hydrogel, and their applications in cryopreservation are summarized. The advanced engineering strategies, including trehalose delivery, cell encapsulation, and bioinspired structure design for ice inhibition, are further discussed. Furthermore, external physical field technologies used for inhibiting ice crystals in both the cooling and thawing processes are systematically reviewed. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives in the field of ice inhibition for high‐efficiency cryopreservation are proposed.
Direct Proof of the Reversible Dissolution/Deposition of Mn2+/Mn4+ for Mild‐Acid Zn‐MnO2 Batteries with Porous Carbon Interlayers
Authors: Moon Hyeonseok , Ha Kwang‐Ho , Park Yuwon , Lee Jungho , Kwon Mi‐Sook , Lim Jungwoo , Lee Min‐Ho , Kim Dong‐Hyun , Choi Jin H. , Choi Jeong‐Hee , Lee Kyu Tae 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMild‐acid Zn‐MnO2 batteries have been considered a promising alternative to Li‐ion batteries for large scale energy storage systems because of their high safety. There have been remarkable improvements in the electrochemical performance of Zn‐MnO2 batteries, although the reaction mechanism of the MnO2 cathode is not fully understood and still remains controversial. Herein, the reversible dissolution/deposition (Mn2+/Mn4+) mechanism of the MnO2 cathode through a 2e− reaction is directly evidenced using solution‐based analyses, including electron spin resonance spectroscopy and the designed electrochemical experiments. Solid MnO2 (Mn4+) is reduced into Mn2+ (aq) dissolved in the electrolyte during discharge. Mn2+ ions are then deposited on the cathode surface in the form of the mixture of the poorly crystalline Zn‐containing MnO2 compounds through two‐step reactions during charge. Moreover, the failure mechanism of mild‐acid Zn‐MnO2 batteries is elucidated in terms of the loss of electrochemically active Mn2+. In this regard, a porous carbon interlayer is introduced to entrap the dissolved Mn2+ ions. The carbon interlayer suppresses the loss of Mn2+ during cycling, resulting in the excellent electrochemical performance of pouch‐type Zn‐MnO2 cells, such as negligible capacity fading over 100 cycles. These findings provide fundamental insights into strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of aqueous Zn‐MnO2 batteries.
Proportion of ripe fruit weight and volume to green coffee: Differences in 43 genotypes of Coffea canephora
Authors: Partelli Fábio Luiz , Oliosi Gleison , Dalazen Jéssica Rodrigues , da Silva Cleidson Alves , Vieira Henrique Duarte , Espindula Marcelo Curitiba 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe processing yield or performance, which includes drying and depulping of coffee fruits, can be calculated as the relationship between the volume of ripe coffee fruits and green coffee weight and is a relevant characteristic for the development of new cultivars. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the processing performance of 42 genotypes and one population of Coffea canephora. The treatments consisted of 42 C. canephora genotypes propagated by cuttings and one seed‐derived population arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The genotypes were harvested when 80% of the fruits were in the ripe stage (red berries). We evaluated the relationship of the volume to weight of ripe fruit (ripe fruit volume [RFV]/ripe fruit weight [RFW]), the percentage of seed per fruit (% of seeds), the yield (in liters of ripe coffee) required to produce a 60‐kg bag of green coffee, and the relationship between RFW and dry green bean weight (RFW/dry seed weight [DSW]). The results were subjected to ANOVA, and the means were grouped by the Scott–Knott test (p ≤ .05). The mean yield of the evaluated genotypes was 347.57 L bag–1 of green coffee (between 294.01 and 439.72 L bag–1). A lower seed per fruit percentage identifies genotypes with a lower yield and higher RFW/DSW ratio. The genotypes Z21, 700, AD1, LB1, Emcapa 143, and AP required less than 315 L of ripe coffee to produce one 60‐kg bag of green coffee beans.
Gold‐Catalyzed Carboxylative Cyclization Reactions: Recent Advances
Authors: Sayantika Bhakta Ms. , Ghosh Tapas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGold catalysis is being recognized as “Hot Topic” in synthetic organic chemistry in the 21st century. In this context, homogeneous and heterogeneous gold complexes have proved themselves as worthy catalysts toward synthesis of heterocycles which are in turn constituents of several building blocks of biologically important molecules and natural products. Carbon dioxide being green carboxylative reagent considering its non‐toxicity along with effectiveness, sustainability and abundance as carbon synthon, readily participates in carboxylative cyclization methodology for the synthesis of bio‐active heterocycles such as lactones, isocoumarins, 2‐oxazolidinones, etc. However, carboxylative cyclization methodology is still a challenging endeavor for organic chemists due to thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness of the substrates. This minireviewemphasizes on the CO2‐incorporated cyclization reactions triggered by suitable gold‐catalysts.
Genetic diversity, structure, and admixture in Mayans from Guatemala and Mexico based on 15 short tandem repeats
Authors: Aguilar‐Velázquez José Alonso , Stephenson‐Ojea Mishel Marie , García‐King Marco David , Rangel‐Villalobos Héctor 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the genetic origin, relationships, structure, and admixture in Mayan Native American groups from Guatemala and Mexico based on 15 autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) loci commonly used in human identification (HID).MethodsWe genotyped 513 unrelated Mayan samples from Guatemala based on 15 STR loci (AmpFlSTR® Identifiler kit). Moreover, we included 4408 genotypes previously reported, as following: Mayas from Guatemala and Mexico (n = 1666) and from Latin American, European, and African (n = 2742) populations. Forensic parameters, genetic distances, admixture, and population structure were assessed.ResultsForensic parameters of the 15 STRs in different Mayan groups from Guatemala were reported. Low (Fst = 0.78%; p = 0.000) and non‐significant differentiation (Fst = 1.8%; p = 0.108) were observed in Mayas from Guatemala and Mexico, respectively. The relative homogeneity observed among Mayan groups supported theories of extensive pre‐Columbian gene flow and trade throughout the Mayan Empire. The distribution of the three Native American ancestries among these Mayan groups did not support the presumable Guatemalan origin of Tojolabal and Lacandon people (South, Mexico). The nonsignificant differentiation between Ladinos and Mayas suggests a relative panmixia in Guatemala. Mestizos from southeastern Mexico and Guatemala constitute a core of Native American ancestry in Latin America related to the Mayan Empire in Central America.ConclusionsThe higher European admixture and homogeneity in Mexican Mayas of the Yucatan Peninsula suggest more intensive post‐Columbian gene flow in this region than in Guatemalan Mayas.
A numerical approach for radiative cooling in relativistic outflows
Authors: Rueda‐Becerril Jesús M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn high‐energy astrophysics scenarios such as Blazars, gamma‐ray bursts, or pulsar wind nebulae, it is highly probable that ultrarelativistic particles interact with photons in their environment through scattering. As long as the energy of the particle is greater than the energy of the interacting photon, the (classical) scattering is known to be in the Thomson regime. Otherwise, quantum effects will affect the scattering cross section, and we enter into the so‐called Klein‐Nishina regime. It is well known that radiative cooling in the Thomson regime is very efficient, leading to soft high‐energy spectra. However, observations have shown that, in many cases, the high‐energy spectrum of some objects is rather hard. This has led to the assumption that perhaps particles are not being cooled down efficiently. Asymptotic approximations of the Klein‐Nishina regime have been formulated in the last decades in order to account for these corrections in the distribution of particles responsible for the observed spectrum of high‐energy sources. In this work, we present a numerical approach of the Klein‐Nishina corrections to the radiative cooling. It has been developed to simulate the evolution of a distribution of particles interacting with photons in their surroundings via inverse Compton scattering.
Epigenomic features revealed by ATAC‐seq impact transgene expression in CHO cells
Authors: Lee Zion , Raabe Marina , Hu Wei‐Shou 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDifferent regions of a mammalian genome have different accessibilities to transcriptional machinery. The integration site of a transgene affects how actively it is transcribed. Highly accessible genomic regions called super‐enhancers have been recently described as strong regulatory elements that shape cell identity. Super‐enhancers have been identified in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells using the Assay for Transposase‐Accessible Chromatin Sequencing (ATAC‐seq). Genes near super‐enhancer regions had high transcript levels and were enriched for oncogenic signaling and proliferation functions, consistent with an immortalized phenotype. Inaccessible regions in the genome with low ATAC signal also had low transcriptional activity. Genes in inaccessible regions were enriched for remote tissue functions such as taste, smell, and neuronal activation. A lentiviral reporter integration assay showed integration into super‐enhancer regions conferred higher reporter expression than insertion into inaccessible regions. Targeted integration of an IgG vector into thePlecsuper‐enhancer region yielded clones that expressed the immunoglobulin light chain gene mostly in the top 20% of all transcripts with the majority in the top 5%. The results suggest the epigenomic landscape of CHO cells can guide the selection of integration sites in the development of cell lines for therapeutic protein production.
Bioprocess Development for 2,3‐Butanediol Production by Paenibacillus Strains
Authors: Tinôco Daniel , Pateraki Chrysanthi , Koutinas Apostolis A. , Freire Denise M. G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis review focuses on the fermentation potential of GRAS (generally recognized as safe) bacteria that belong to Paenibacillus species on the production of 2,3‐butanediol (2,3‐BDO). P. polymyxa, P. peoriae, and P. brasilensis were reported as highly efficient microbial producers of 2,3‐BDO and acetoin. The factors contributing to the fermentative production of 2,3‐BDO are addressed with particular emphasis on crucial fermentation parameters, precursors that increase fermentation efficiency, and the significance of metabolic pathways. Several carbon sources from renewable resources can be consumed by Paenibacillus strains, which favors the development of alternative biorefinery concepts including the production of 2,3‐BDO within a circular bio‐economy approach. Downstream separation and purification processes used for the recovery of bio‐based 2,3‐BDO are also discussed. The production of 2,3‐BDO isomers with high stereoisomeric purity can lead to new applications and markets. Paenibacillus strains could be a viable alternative to biosafety level 2 strains that were widely investigated for the production of 2,3‐BDO.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Silylation of Csp−H by Silacyclobutanes
Authors: He Tao , Li Bin , Liu Lichuan , Ma Wenpeng , He Wei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe signature reactivity of silacyclobutane (SCB) is their cycloaddition reactions with various π bonds. Recently, the first cases were disclosed where SCBs reacted with both Csp2−H and Csp3−H σ bonds in an intramolecular fashion. Herein, it is reported that SCB is also an efficient reagent for Csp−H bond silylation. Thus, rhodium‐catalyzed intermolecular reactions between SCBs and terminal alkynes produced a series of symmetrical and unsymmetrical tetraorganosilicons bearing a Csp−Si functionality. Preliminary studies suggested that the reaction did not involve a cycloaddition pathway, but instead a direct activation of Csp−H bonds.
Coronary arterial geometry: A comprehensive comparison of two imaging modalities
Authors: Blanco Pablo J. , Bulant Carlos A. , Bezerra Cristiano G. , Maso Talou Gonzalo D. , Pinton Fabio A. , Ziemer Paulo G. P. , Feijóo Raúl A. , García‐García Héctor M. , Lemos Pedro A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe characterization of vascular geometry is a fundamental step towards the correct interpretation of coronary artery disease. In this work, we report a comprehensive comparison of the geometry featured by coronary vessels as obtained from coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and the combination of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) with bi‐plane angiography (AX) modalities. We analyzed 34 vessels from 28 patients with coronary disease, which were deferred to CCTA and IVUS procedures. We discuss agreement and discrepancies between several geometric indexes extracted from vascular geometries. Such an analysis allows us to understand to which extent the coronary vascular geometry can be reliable in the interpretation of geometric risk factors, and as a surrogate to characterize coronary artery disease.
A novel structured sparse fully connected layer in convolutional neural networks
Authors: Matsumura Naoki , Ito Yasuaki , Nakano Koji , Kasagi Akihiko , Tabaru Tsuguchika 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConvolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are one of the factors supporting the rapid development of artificial intelligent techniques. However, as the ability of the network increases, the size of the network becomes larger. Thus far, several works related to reduction of the network size have been tackled. In many cases, these approaches produce an unstructured network which prevents efficient parallel computation. To avoid this problem, we propose a novel structured sparse fully connected layer (FCL) in the CNNs. The aim of our proposed approach is reduction of the number of network parameters in the FCLs which occupy a large part of network parameters. Unlike the general FCLs used in the popular CNNs such as VGG‐16, the proposed approach reduces the connection between the last convolutional layer and the first FCL. In addition, we show an implementation for the proposed sparse FCLs on the GPU using cuBLAS. As a result for ILSVRC‐2012 dataset, the proposed approach achieves a 21.3 times compression with 0.68% top‐1 accuracy and 0.31% top‐5 accuracy decreases for VGG‐16. The implementation of the proposed FCLs achieves speed‐up factor 14.97 and 16.67 for forward and backward propagation compared to that for the noncompressed FCLs, respectively.
Family climate in children living with parents who harmfully consume alcohol
Authors: Iacopetti Cinzia , Londi Ilaria , Patussi Valentino , Cosci Fiammetta 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe family climate has notable impact on cognitive, emotional, behavioural, social and physical development of children and adolescents and can be influenced by parents' health status. The present study aimed at evaluating whether living with a parent with alcohol use disorder negatively influences the perceived emotional family climate, parental attitudes and internal representations of family relationships. Forty‐five children living with a parent with alcohol use disorder and 45 controls, matched for sex and age, completed the Level of Expressed Emotion Scale and the Family Attitudes Questionnaire. Their significant parent completed the Parental Attitudes Scale. The results suggested that living with a parent with an alcohol use disorder increased the risk of having perceived higher levels of emotional response, attitude towards illness and expectations from their parents; it also increased the probability of being exposed to lower parental pleasure and of having represented worse family relationships. Emotion regulation interventions might be useful to protect children living with a parent with alcohol use disorder from a potential chaotic and unpredictable family environment.
Executive personality and sustainability: Do extravertedchief executive officersimprove corporate social responsibility?
Authors: Hrazdil Karel , Mahmoudian Fereshteh , Nazari Jamal A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe utilise IBM's Watson Personality Insights service to infer chief executive officers' (CEOs') Big Five personality traits and examine whether CEO extraversion, an important personality trait associated with assertive behaviour, decisive thinking, and desire for social engagement, is associated with firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices. Using a longitudinal dataset of Standard & Poor 500 firms for 2008–2016, we find that firms led by extraverted CEOs' experience higher CSR performance (both environmental and social), even after controlling for other personality traits and other CEO‐ and firm‐specific characteristics. In addition, we find that the relationship between CEO extraversion and CSR performance is more pronounced among industries with higher environmental impact. Consistent with upper echelons theory, our results suggest that firms' strategic environmental and social decisions are significantly influenced by the personal characteristics of corporate executives.
Optimal sensing energy and sensing interval in cognitive radio networks with energy harvesting
Authors: Abdelfattah Islam S. , Rabia Sherif I. , Abdelrazek Amr M. 
Published: February 2021

SummaryCognitive radio networks with energy harvesting aim to improve spectrum utilization and allow users to move freely. Cognitive radio technology enhances the utilization of the spectrum by permitting the unlicensed user (secondary user) to use the channel during the absence of the licensed user (primary user). A major issue in this approach is that the secondary user needs to sense the channel frequently, which leads to energy wasting. This problem can be dealt with using the notion of sensing interval where the channel is sensed every multiple of time slots. In this paper, we consider the problem of determining the optimal sensing energy and the optimal sensing interval that maximize the secondary user throughput and minimize both the consumed energy and the interference to the primary user. By formulating this optimization problem as a mixed observable Markov decision process, a dynamic policy for the secondary user is generated taking into account the total accumulated secondary user reward. Numerical results show that the proposed policy outperforms existing results, especially when the secondary user prefers the transmission mode to the energy‐saving mode. Additionally, the numerical results show that applying sensing interval concept for both idle and busy sensing results is better than applying it for the idle case only.