bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appropriateness of the post-operative rehabilitation of low energy hip fractures in elderly in comparison with the AAOS appropriate use criteria at a level one trauma center
Authors: Adam Mohammed , Alkaramany Eslam , Alhamoud Abduljabbar , Derbas Jawad , Murshid Abdullah , Alhaneedi Ghalib Ahmed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to assess the appropriateness of the post-operative rehabilitation of low energy hip fractures in the elderly by comparing between the rehabilitations actually provided at level one trauma center and the AAOS Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) recommendations.

Methods
A retrospective review of the medical charts of all patients who underwent surgery for hip fractures followed by post-operative rehabilitation between October 2016 and May 2018. The age, gender, fracture types, four AUC variables including; the surgical approach, pre-operative mobility/functional status, cognitive impairment, and post-operative delirium, and types of post-operative rehabilitation received were collected.
The four patient variables were entered into the AUC application to generate the recommended rehabilitation procedures. Afterward, the rate of appropriateness of the treatments and the agreement between the rehabilitations actually provided and the AUC recommendation were measured.

Results
Over the study period, a consecutive series of 101 patients were included. The mean age was 75 years. Most of the patients were males (51.5%). Seventeen scenarios were observed in our patients. The most common scenario were patients with low functional/physical demands (48%), intact cognitive function (91%), non-arthroplasty approach (76%), and no post-operative delirium(97%).
The overall appropriateness rate of the provided rehabilitation treatments for our patients in comparison with AUC recommendation was appropriate in 356 (48.7%) (P = .001), maybe appropriate in 19 (3%) (P < .001), rarely appropriate in 61 (8.3%) (P = .59), and 40% of rehabilitation procedures were not provided (P < .001).
The actual treatment was appropriate and in agreement with the AUC recommendations in (100%) of three procedures (Deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis, pain management, and Inpatient Rehabilitation Facility or Skilled Nursing Facility), in (72.2%) of osteoporosis assessment/management, in (63.8%) of outpatient occupational/physical therapy, in (10.2%) of delirium prevention, in (33.3%) of delirium management and in (25%) of home care therapy.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that there is a remarkable variation in the appropriateness of the various post-operative rehabilitation procedures for elderly hip fracture. Additionally, the AUC application was easy to use and simple for identifying post-operative rehabilitation protocols for elderly hip fractures, hence, we recommend to use it in the trauma clinical practice.
Level of evidence: IV
Integration of electromagnetic finite element models in a multibody simulation to evaluate vibrations in direct-drive generators
Authors: Duda Tobias , Mülder Christoph , Jacobs Georg , Hameyer Kay , Bosse Dennis , Cardaun Martin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel electromechanical model for calculating electromagnetic excited structural vibrations and structure borne acoustics for gearless wind turbines. Therefore, the wind turbine model structure is explained and a drivetrain model is derived to investigate the drivetrain decoupled from the aerodynamic excitations. The drivetrain model is fed with results from an electromagnetic finite element model of the generator considering air gap width changes and the wind turbine torque and speed characteristics. Furthermore, an exemplary ramp-up of the drivetrain is simulated. It can be seen, that generator structure oscillations are excited during certain rotational speeds, which may be relevant for the acoustic behavior of the turbine.
How to decrease pharmaceuticals in the environment? A review
Authors: Caban Magda , Stepnowski Piotr 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe global problem of the presence of human and veterinary pharmaceuticals in the environment is under investigation. Despite the increase in the knowledge of its sources, fates and impacts, the assessment of risks and the derived prevention actions are limited to single cases. The predicted increasing trend in the usage of pharmaceuticals forces the various parties involved to think about comprehensive mitigation actions. There are many areas of daily human life and industrial operations where such actions should take place. Thereby, in the presented review, such actions were summarized and divided into the following groups: A. design, synthesis and production of pharmaceuticals, B. prescription, sales and waste handling, C. control of the sources with advanced technologies. As the total amount of proposed actions was found to be quite high, a ranking according to the term of effects was proposed using the pyramid of needs. The advantages of actions taken in the first steps of the pharmaceutical life cycle (acting on the upstream) over end-of-pipe actions and the application of advanced technologies (the downstream option) were discussed, with reference to expert opinions.
Rising inequality and trends in leisure
Authors: Boppart Timo , Ngai L. Rachel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper develops a model that generates rising average leisure time and increasing leisure inequality along a path of balanced growth. Households derive utility from three sources: market goods, home goods and leisure. Home production and leisure are both activities that require time and capital. Households allocate time and capital to these non-market activities and supply labor. The dynamics are driven by activity-specific TFP growth and a spread in the distribution of household-specific labor market efficiencies. When the spread is set to replicate the increase in wage inequality across education groups, the model can account for the observed average time series and cross-sectional dynamics of leisure time in the U.S. over the last five decades.
Probabilistic truthlikeness, content elements, and meta-inductive probability optimization
Authors: Schurz Gerhard 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe paper starts with the distinction between conjunction-of-parts accounts and disjunction-of-possibilities accounts to truthlikeness (Sects. 1, 2). In Sect. 3, three distinctions between kinds of truthlikeness measures (t-measures) are introduced: (i) comparative versus numeric t-measures, (ii) t-measures for qualitative versus quantitative theories, and (iii) t-measures for deterministic versus probabilistic truth. These three kinds of truthlikeness are explicated and developed within a version of conjunctive part accounts based on content elements (Sects. 4, 5). The focus lies on measures of probabilistic truthlikeness, that are divided into t-measures for statistical probabilities and single case probabilities (Sect. 4). The logical notion of probabilistic truthlikeness (evaluated relative to true probabilistic laws) can be treated as a subcase of deterministic truthlikeness for quantitative theories (Sects. 4–6). In contrast, the epistemic notion of probabilistic truthlikeness (evaluated relative to given empirical evidence) creates genuinely new problems, especially for hypotheses about single case probabilities that are evaluated not by comparison to observed frequencies (as statistical probabilities), but by comparison to the truth values of single event statements (Sect. 6). By the method of meta-induction, competing theories about single case probabilities can be aggregated into a combined theory with optimal predictive success and epistemic truthlikeness (Sect. 7).
National Bariatric Surgery Registries: an International Comparison
Authors: Akpinar Erman O. , Marang- van de Mheen Perla J. , Nienhuijs Simon W. , Greve Jan Willem M. , Liem Ronald S. L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Pooling population-based data from all national bariatric registries may provide international real-world evidence for outcomes that will help establish a universal standard of care, provided that the same variables and definitions are used. Therefore, this study aims to assess the concordance of variables across national registries to identify which outcomes can be used for international collaborations.

Methods
All 18 countries with a national bariatric registry who contributed to The International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) Global Registry report 2019 were requested to share their data dictionary by email. The primary outcome was the percentage of perfect agreement for variables by domain: patient, prior bariatric history, screening, operation, complication, and follow-up. Perfect agreement was defined as 100% concordance, meaning that the variable was registered with the same definition across all registries. Secondary outcomes were defined as variables having “substantial agreement” (75–99.9%) and “moderate agreement” (50–74.9%) across registries.

Results
Eleven registries responded and had a total of 2585 recorded variables that were grouped into 250 variables measuring the same concept. A total of 25 (10%) variables have a perfect agreement across all domains: 3 (18.75%) for the patient domain, 0 (0.0%) for prior bariatric history, 5 (8.2%) for screening, 6 (11.8%) for operation, 5 (8.8%) for complications, and 6 (11.8%) for follow-up. Furthermore, 28 (11.2%) variables have substantial agreement and 59 (23.6%) variables have moderate agreement across registries.

Conclusion
There is limited uniform agreement in variables across national bariatric registries. Further alignment and uniformity in collected variables are required to enable future international collaborations and comparison.

Graphical abstract
Local events-based fast RTM surface-offset gathers via dip-guided interpolation
Authors: Zhao Yang , Niu Feng-Lin , Fu Lei , Cheng Cheng , Chen Jin-Hong , Huo Shou-Dong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractReverse Time Migration (RTM) Surface Offset Gathers (SOGs) are demonstrated to deliver more superior residual dip information than ray-based approaches. It appears more powerful in complex geological settings, such as salt areas. Still, the computational cost of constructing RTM SOGs is a big challenge in applying it to 3D field data. To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel method using dips of local events as a guide for RTM gather interpolation. The residual-dip information of the SOGs is created by connecting local events from depth-domain to time-domain via ray tracing. The proposed method is validated by a synthetic experiment and a field example. It mitigates the computational cost by an order of magnitude while producing comparable results as fully computed RTM SOGs.
Being a young radiation oncologist in Poland: results of a multi-institutional survey
Authors: Pawlowska Ewa , Tomasik Bartłomiej , Spałek Mateusz , Chyrek Artur J. , Napieralska Aleksandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn 2018, Polish Society of Radiation Oncology formed a young section (yPTRO), dedicated to radiation oncologists under the age of 40. To evaluate their current situation, an anonymous, nationwide, online survey was carried out. Thirty-two-item-based questionnaire investigated young radiation oncologists’ perception of employment, workload, education, malpractice lawsuits, scientific research, and board exam. A total of 44 physicians responded to the questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 25%. Results of the survey identified the main problematic areas. In general, young radiation oncologists in Poland are overloaded with bureaucracy. They complain on spending too much time at work and lack work-life balance. The risk of being sued for medical error is threatening two-thirds of responders in everyday work. Compensation is not satisfying for nearly half of the survey participants. Nearly all young radiation oncologists continue education and participate in national and international educational events. Forty-eight percent of responders do scientific research alongside clinical work. However, the perception of young radiation oncologists on the board exam is alarming and requires further discussion. Fifty-five percent of the survey participants think that current form of the exam is not appropriate. Hopefully, 75% of physicians feel fairly evaluated. The presented report is the first of its kind in Poland. Issues mentioned in our questionnaire will help newly formed yPTRO to develop strategic priorities for the upcoming years.
Codimension bounds for the Noether–Lefschetz components for toric varieties
Authors: Bruzzo Ugo , Montoya William D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor a quasi-smooth hypersurface X in a projective simplicial toric variety $$\mathbb {P}_{\Sigma }$$

P
Σ

, the morphism $$i^*:H^p(\mathbb {P}_{\Sigma })\rightarrow H^p(X)$$

i
∗

:

H
p

(

P
Σ

)

→

H
p

(
X
)

induced by the inclusion is injective for $$p=\dim X$$

p
=
dim
X

and an isomorphism for $$p<\dim X-1$$

p
<
dim
X
-
1

. This allows one to define the Noether–Lefschetz locus $$\mathrm{NL}_{\beta }$$

NL
β

as the locus of quasi-smooth hypersurfaces of degree $$\beta $$
β
such that $$i^*$$

i
∗

acting on the middle algebraic cohomology is not an isomorphism. We prove that, under some assumptions, if $$\dim \mathbb {P}_{\Sigma }=2k+1$$

dim

P
Σ

=
2
k
+
1

and $$k\beta -\beta _0=n\eta $$

k
β
-

β
0

=
n
η

, $$n\in \mathbb {N}$$

n
∈
N

, where $$\eta $$
η
is the class of a 0-regular ample divisor, and $$\beta _0$$

β
0

is the anticanonical class, every irreducible component V of the Noether–Lefschetz locus quasi-smooth hypersurfaces of degree $$\beta $$
β
satisfies the bounds $$n+1\leqslant \mathrm{codim}\,Z \leqslant h^{k-1,\,k+1}(X)$$

n
+
1
⩽
codim

Z
⩽

h

k
-
1
,

k
+
1

(
X
)

.
Investigating Decadal Changes of Multiple Hydrological Products and Land-Cover Changes in the Mediterranean Region for 2009–2018
Authors: Li Wenzhao , Perera Sachi , Linstead Erik , Thomas Rejoice , El-Askary Hesham , Piechota Thomas , Struppa Daniele 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLand-cover change is a critical concern due to its climatic, ecological, and socioeconomic consequences. In this study, we used multiple variables including precipitation, vegetation index, surface soil moisture, and evapotranspiration obtained from different satellite sources to study their association with land-cover changes in the Mediterranean region. Both observational and modeling data were used for climatology and correlation analysis. Famine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET) Land Data Assimilation System (FLDAS) and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) were used to extract surface soil moisture and evapotranspiration data. Intercomparing the results of FLDAS and GLDAS suggested that FLDAS data had better accuracy compared to GLDAS for its better coherence with observational data. Climate Hazards Group Infra-Red Precipitation with Station Data (version 2.0 final) (CHIRPS Pentad) were used to extract precipitation data while Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products were used to extract the vegetation indices used in this study. The land-cover change detection was demonstrated during the 2009–2018 period using MODIS Land-Cover data. Some of the barren and crop lands in Euphrates-Tigris and Algeria have converted to low-vegetated shrublands over the time, while shrublands and barren areas in Egypt’s southwestern Delta region became grasslands. These observations were well explained by changing trends of hydrological variables which showed that precipitation and soil moisture had higher values in the countries located to the east of the Mediterranean region compared to the ones on the west. For evapotranspiration, the countries in the north had lower values except for countries in Europe such as Bosnia, Romania, Slovenia, and countries in Africa such as Egypt and Libya. The enhanced vegetation index appeared to be decreasing from north to south, with countries in the north such as Germany, Romania, and Czechia having higher values, while countries in the south such as Libya, Egypt, and Iraq having lower trends. Time series analysis for selected countries was also done to understand the change in hydrological parameters, including Enhanced Vegetation Index, evapotranspiration, and soil moisture, which showed alternating drop and rise as well as stagnant values for different parameters in each country.
Identifying Novel Drug Targets by iDTPnd: A Case Study of Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Naveed Hammad , Reglin Corinna , Schubert Thomas , Gao Xin , Arold Stefan T. , Maitland Michael L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Current FDA-approved kinase inhibitors cause diverse adverse effects, some of which are due to the mechanism-independent effects of these drugs. Identifying these mechanism-independent interactions could improve drug safety and support drug repurposing. Here, we develop iDTPnd (integrated Drug Target Predictor with negative dataset), a computational approach for large-scale discovery of novel targets for known drugs. For a given drug, we construct a positive structural signature as well as a negative structural signature that captures the weakly conserved structural features of drug-binding sites. To facilitate assessment of unintended targets, iDTPnd also provides a docking-based interaction score and its statistical significance. We confirm the interactions of sorafenib, imatinib, dasatinib, sunitinib, and pazopanib with their known targets at a sensitivity of 52% and a specificity of 55%. We also validate 10 predicted novel targets by using in vitro experiments. Our results suggest that proteins other than kinases, such as nuclear receptors, cytochrome P450, and MHC class I molecules, can also be physiologically relevant targets of kinase inhibitors. Our method is general and broadly applicable for the identification of protein–small molecule interactions, when sufficient drug–target 3D data are available. The code for constructing the structural signatures is available at https://sfb.kaust.edu.sa/Documents/iDTP.zip.
Managing the risks and benefits of clinical research in response to a pandemic
Authors: Flume Patrick A. , Berbari Elie F. , Viera Laura , Hess Rachel , Higgins Janine , Armstrong Jennifer , Rice Linda , True Laura , Shaker Reza , Buse John B. , Panettieri Reynold A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) created major disruptions at academic centers and healthcare systems globally. Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) fund hubs supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences provideinfrastructure and leadership for clinical and translational research at manysuch institutions.

Methods:
We surveyed CTSA hubs and received responses from 94% of them regarding the impact of the pandemic and the processes employed for the protection of research personnel and participants with respect to the conduct of research, specifically for studies unrelated to COVID-19.

Results:
In this report, we describe the results of the survey findings in the context of the current understanding of disease transmission and mitigation techniques.

Conclusions:
We reflect on common practices and provide recommendations regarding lessons learned that will be relevant to future pandemics, particularly with regards to staging the cessation and resumption of research activities with an aim to keep the workforce, research participants, and our communities safe in future pandemics.
Creating a pediatric advisory board for engaging youth in pediatric health research: A case study
Authors: Orellana Minerva , Valdez-Soto Miguel , Brockman Tabetha A. , Balls-Berry Joyce E. , Zavala Rocha Maria Guadalupe , Allyse Megan A. , DSouza Karen N. , Riggan Kirsten A. , Juhn Young , Patten Christi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Youth are an understudied population requiring additional safeguards when participating in research. Their input is necessary to facilitate participation and interest in studies. To address this, Mayo Clinic established one of the first pediatric advisory boards (PAB) comprised of 18 diverse youth aged 11–17. The PAB members participated in quarterly meetings (in person and then by video conference with the advent of COVID-19) where they provided feedback to researchers on recruitment strategies, study materials, and procedures. The PAB meetings fostered bidirectional conversations with researchers on several health research topics, including mental health. Youth advisory boards can promote engagement in pediatric research.
21614 Use of an Outcomes Continuum to Describe Disparities in CVOID-19: Data from the OneFlorida Research Consortium
Authors: Dasa Osama , Cohen Scott , Sajdeya Ruba , Zheng Yi , Taha Mohamad B. , Pearson Thomas A. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Identifying differential COVID-19 progression across the disease continuum may help policymakers and service providers better identify or predict gaps in services and resources and develop precision strategies to support COVID-19 patients where the need is mostly needed. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Single institution studies have documented COVID-19 disproportionally affected US racial and ethnic minority groups compared to Whites. However, few population-wide data studied severity and death in multiracial populations. We aim to examine the current disparity in the COVID-19 continuum, including hospitalizations, severity, and death. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Data on 67,094 laboratory documented COVID-19 cases nested from the state-wide ‘OneFlorida’ research consortium through August 3, 2020, were assessed to decide differences and disparities in COVID-19 outcomes. A COVID-19 outcome continuum outlining the proportions of cases transitioning from diagnosis to death was constructed (Figure 1). OneFlorida partners provide health care to more than 40% of Floridians in the nation’s third-largest and very diverse state. OneFlorida partners encompass hospitals, practice/clinic settings, and physicians, which provide care for 15 million patients across all of Florida’s 67 counties. It is part of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Among cases, 25,443 (37.9%) were non-Hispanic Whites, 11,709 (17.5%) were non-Hispanic Blacks, and 16,119 (24.0%) were Hispanics. Among COVID-19 patients, Blacks and Hispanics had a higher frequency of emergency department (ED) visits (45.7% and 46.0%, respectively), whereas admission rates were higher in Blacks (15.6%) and Whites (15.9%) than in Hispanics (11.5%). Blacks had the highest rates of intubation (3.6%) and in-hospital deaths (2.7%) compared to Whites (2.5% and 2.3%, respectively) and Hispanics (1.3% and 1.4%, respectively), Figure 1. When rates were indexed to the state census data, Blacks had the worst rates across the disease continuum (infection to death). In comparison, Hispanics had higher rates of ED visits but lower rates of intubation and death, Table 1. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Outcomes continuum is a useful tool at an individual-level to assess care outcomes and at population-level as a framework to analyze the proportion of population with COVID-19 that progress to each successive disease stage. This will help policymakers to better identify gaps in services and develop precision strategies to support COVID-19 patients.