bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2021 American College of Rheumatology/Vasculitis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Giant Cell Arteritis and Takayasu Arteritis
Authors: Maz Mehrdad , Chung Sharon A. , Abril Andy , Langford Carol A. , Gorelik Mark , Guyatt Gordon , Archer Amy M. , Conn Doyt L. , Full Kathy A. , Grayson Peter C. , Ibarra Maria F. , Imundo Lisa F. , Kim Susan , Merkel Peter A. , Rhee Rennie L. , Seo Philip , Stone John H. , Sule Sangeeta , Sundel Robert P. , Vitobaldi Omar I. , Warner Ann , Byram Kevin , Dua Anisha B. , Husainat Nedaa , James Karen E. , Kalot Mohamad A. , Lin Yih Chang , Springer Jason M. , Turgunbaev Marat , Villa‐Forte Alexandra , Turner Amy S. , Mustafa Reem A. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveTo provide evidence‐based recommendations and expert guidance for the management of giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK) as exemplars of large vessel vasculitis.MethodsClinical questions regarding diagnostic testing, treatment, and management were developed in the population, intervention, comparator, and outcome (PICO) format for GCA and TAK (27 for GCA, 27 for TAK). Systematic literature reviews were conducted for each PICO question. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology was used to rate the quality of the evidence. Recommendations were developed by the Voting Panel, comprising adult and pediatric rheumatologists and patients. Each recommendation required ≥70% consensus among the Voting Panel.ResultsWe present 22 recommendations and 2 ungraded position statements for GCA, and 20 recommendations and 1 ungraded position statement for TAK. These recommendations and statements address clinical questions relating to the use of diagnostic testing, including imaging, treatments, and surgical interventions in GCA and TAK. Recommendations for GCA include support for the use of glucocorticoid‐sparing immunosuppressive agents and the use of imaging to identify large vessel involvement. Recommendations for TAK include the use of nonglucocorticoid immunosuppressive agents with glucocorticoids as initial therapy. There were only 2 strong recommendations; the remaining recommendations were conditional due to the low quality of evidence available for most PICO questions.ConclusionThese recommendations provide guidance regarding the evaluation and management of patients with GCA and TAK, including diagnostic strategies, use of pharmacologic agents, and surgical interventions.
Earth‐abundant Metal‐catalyzed Reductive Amination: Recent Advances and Prospect for Future Catalysis
Authors: Liu Jianguo , Song Yanpei , Ma Longlong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNitrogen‐containing compounds, as an important class of chemicals, have been used widely in pharmaceuticals, materials synthesis. Transition metal‐catalyzed reductive amination of an aldehyde or a ketone with ammonia or an amine has been proved to be an efficient and practical method for the preparation of nitrogen‐containing compounds in academia and industry for a century. Given the above, several effective methods using transition metals have been developed in recent years. Noble transition metals like Pd, Pt, and Au‐based catalysts have been predominately used in reductive amination. Because of their high prices, strict official regulations of residues in pharmaceuticals, and deleterious effects on the biological system, their industrial applications are severely hampered. With the increasing sustainable and environmental problems, the Earth‐abundant transition metals including Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, and Zr have also been investigated for the reductive amination reaction and showed great potential to the advancement of sustainable and cost‐effective reductive amination processes. This critical review will mainly summarize the work using Earth‐abundant metals. The effects of different transition metals used in catalytic reduction amination were discussed and compared, and some suggestions were given. The last section highlights the catalytic activities of bi‐ and tri‐metallic catalysts. Indeed, this latter family is very promising and simultaneously benefits from increased stability, and selectivity, compared to monometallic NPs, due to synergistic substrate activation. Few comprehensive reviews focusing on Earth‐abundant transition metals catalyst has been published since 1948, although several authors reported some summaries dealing with one or the other part of this aspect. It is hoped that this critical review will inspire researchers to develop new efficient and selective earth‐abundant metal catalysts for highly, environmentally sustainable reductive amination methods, as well as improve the pharmaceutical industry and related chemical synthesis company traditional method with the utilization of the green method widely.
Event‐triggered adaptive output‐feedback control for nonlinear state‐constrained systems using tangent‐type nonlinear mapping
Authors: Wei Yan , Zhou Pingfang , Xie Weicheng , Tang Jiwei , Duan Dengping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the problem of event‐triggered adaptive output‐feedback control for multi‐input and multi‐output (MIMO) uncertain nonlinear systems with time‐varying full state constraints. A tangent‐type nonlinear mapping function is proposed to transform the state‐constrained system into a new one free of constraints, such that the time‐varying full state constraints are never violated. Radial basis function neural networks are introduced to compensate for the unknown functions. A state observer is established to estimate the unmeasured states. A suitable event‐triggering rule is presented to determine when to transmit control laws. Through Lyapunov analyses, all closed‐loop signals are proved to be semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded, and time‐varying full state constraints are never violated. Finally, simulations are presented to evaluate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Non‐fragile H∞ observer for Lipschitz conformable fractional‐order systems
Authors: Naifar Omar , Jmal Assaad , Ben Makhlouf Abdellatif 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe issue of designing simultaneously robust and non‐fragile observers for the classical integer‐order systems has been widely investigated in the literature. Yet, there are just some few works that have tackled the same problem for non‐integer‐order systems. Moreover, the conformable derivative is an interesting concept that has been introduced by some researchers in the last decade. This new derivative presents some advantageous mathematical properties, compared with older concepts. In this paper, and motivated by these facts, the authors suggest a first scheme to design observers, which are simultaneously robust and non‐fragile, for Lipschitz nonlinear conformable fractional‐order systems. The H∞ performance theory is used for that purpose. The efficiency of the developed approach is confirmed through simulations for a numerical example.
Boundary output feedback stabilization for spacial multi‐dimensional coupled fractional reaction–diffusion systems
Authors: Cai Rui‐Yang , Zhou Hua‐Cheng , Fan Xue‐Ru , Kou Chun‐Hai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the boundary feedback stabilization for spacial multi‐dimensional coupled fractional reaction–diffusion systems with non‐collocated or collocated outputs in the case that the system state is unmeasurable. By employing the backstepping method, we introduce a target system and analyze its Mittag–Leffler stability. For each pair of sides of the region boundary, assuming that system state is hinged on one side, while the controller is designed on the opposite side. These boundary controllers work together to achieve the state feedback Mittag–Leffler stabilization of the considered system. In addition, for both kinds of outputs, feedback controllers are also established to achieve the asymptotical stability of the corresponding closed‐loop system. Two numerical experiments are carried out to illustrate our results.
Immunomodulatory effects of phytosomal curcumin on related‐micro RNAs, CD200 expression and inflammatory pathways in dental pulp stem cells
Authors: Ayadilord Malaksima , Nasseri Saeed , Emadian Razavi Fariba , Saharkhiz Mansoore , Rostami Zeinab , Naseri Mohsen 
Published: July 2021

Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) have significant potential of immunomodulatory for therapeutic and regenerative biomedical applications compared to other mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Nowadays, alteration of gene expression is an important way to improve the performance of MSCs in the clinic. MicroRNAs (miRs) and CD200 are known to modulate the immune system in MSCs. Curcumin is famous for its anti‐inflammatory impacts. Phytosomal curcumin (PC) is a nanoparticle synthesized from curcumin that removes the drawbacks of curcumin. The purpose of this research was to assess the effects of PC on the expression of the CD200 and four key miRNAs in immune system. PC (30 μM) treatment of hDPSCs could ameliorate their immunoregulatory property, presented by reduced expressions of miR‐21, miR‐155 and miR‐126, as well as enhanced expressions of miR‐23 and CD200. The PC was also able to reduce PI3K\AKT1\NF‐κB expressions that were target genes for these miRs and involved in inflammatory pathways. Moreover, PC was more effective than curcumin in improving the immune modulation of hDPSCs. Evidence in this study suggested that PC mediates immunoregulatory activities in hDPSC via miRs and CD200 to regulate PI3K\AKT1\NF‐κB signalling pathways, which may provide a theoretical basis for PC in the treatment of many diseases.Significance of the studyAutoimmune diseases or tooth caries are partly attributed to global health problems and their common drug treatments have several side effects. The goal of this study is dentin regeneration and autoimmune diseases treatment via stem cell‐based approaches with phytosomal curcumin (PC), for the first time. Because dental pulp stem cells have unique advantages (including higher immunomodulatory capacity) over other mesenchymal stem cells, we considered them the best option for treating these diseases. Using PC, we try to increase the immunomodulatory properties of these cells.
Pd‐Catalysed Decarbonylation Free Approach to Carbonylative Esterification of 5‐HMF to Its Aryl Esters Synthesis Using Aryl Halides and Oxalic Acid as C1 Source
Authors: Singh Chauhan Arvind , Kumar Ajay , Kumar Sharma Ajay , Das Pralay 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA decarbonylation free, polystyrene‐supported, Pd (Pd@PS)‐catalysed carbonylative esterification of the hydroxy group of 5‐hydroxymethyl furfural (5‐HMF) to its corresponding aryl esters has been developed. The use of Pd@PS, oxalic acid as CO source, and aryl halides was first explored for the aryl ester of 5‐HMF synthesis. Here, we investigated the vital role of a polystyrene support to avoid the commonly known decarbonylation of 5‐HMF. The reaction exhibits vast substrate scope with comparably good yield and catalyst recyclability.
NIR‐Emissive Chromium(0), Molybdenum(0), and Tungsten(0) Complexes in the Solid State at Room Temperature
Authors: Boden Pit , Di Martino‐Fumo Patrick , Bens Tobias , Steiger Sophie , Albold Uta , Niedner‐Schatteburg Gereon , Gerhards Markus , Sarkar Biprajit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe development of NIR emitters based on earth‐abundant elements is an important goal in contemporary science. We present here Cr(0), Mo(0), and W(0) carbonyl complexes with a pyridyl‐mesoionic carbene (MIC) based ligand. A detailed photophysical investigation shows that all the complexes exhibit dual emissions in the VIS and in the NIR region. The emissive excited states are assigned to two distinct triplet states by time‐resolved emission and step‐scan FTIR spectroscopy at variable temperature, supported by density functional theory. In particular, the NIR emissive triplet state exhibits unprecedented lifetimes of up to 600±10 ns and quantum yields reaching 1.7 ⋅ 10−4 at room temperature. These are the first examples of Cr(0), Mo(0) and W(0) complexes that emit in the NIR II region.
A High Selective Chemiluminescent Probe Derived fromIso‐luminol Enabling High Sensitive Determination of Ferrous Ions in the Environmental Waters
Authors: Zhang Shenghai , Shi Yalin , Deng Jiawang , Zhang Jidong , Cheng Mengqi , Yu Geting 
Published: July 2021

Main observation and conclusionA new chemiluminescence (CL) reagent named 4‐amino‐5‐thiocyanato‐phthalyl‐hydrazine (iso‐luminol‐SCN) is synthesized by the bromide‐mediated substitution reaction ofiso‐luminol with sodium thiocyanate in dimethyl formamide (DMF) at room temperature. Strong CL is observed foriso‐luminol‐SCN oxidized by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of Fe2+, with the CL intensity strongly depending on the concentration of Fe2+and being hardly interferred by other common metal ions. Based on this fact, a flow injection CL method is established for the high sensitive and selective determination of Fe2+. The CL intensity was linearly correlated with the concentration of Fe2+in the range of 1.0 × 10–8mol·L–1to 1.0 × 10–5mol·L–1following the equation CLnet= 166.3c+ 57.7 (c, ×10–6mol·L–1;n= 7;R2= 0.9988). The detection limit is calculated to be 3.2 × 10–9mol·L–1Fe2+based on the 3S0/K principle. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 3.7% for 1.0 × 10–6mol·L–1Fe2+(n= 11), a support for the precision of Fe2+measurement. The recoveries of Fe2+were obtained in the range of 98.8%—101.6% in three real water samples, showing the applicability and reliability by the proposed method. The possible CL mechanism is proposed based on the kinetic characteristic of the CL reaction and the CL spectrum.
Dinitrophenol‐Hyaluronan Conjugates as Multivalent Antibody‐Recruiting Glycopolymers for Targeted Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Lin Han , Zhou Kun , Li Dan , Hong Haofei , Xie Yuntian , Gong Liang , Shen Yu , Zhou Zhifang , Shi Jie , Wu Zhimeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultivalent antibody‐recruiting glycopolymers (MARGs) composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) grafted with multiple copies of dinitrophenol (DNP) were developed for targeted cancer immunotherapy. Structure‐activity studies demonstrated that the MARGs were able to specifically recognize CD44‐positive cancer cells and displayed remarkable antibody‐recruiting capacities and tumor cell killing activities dependent on the introduced multivalent effect and the length of PEG linker. One of the MARGs, HA‐[PEG3‐DNP]8, showed the best capacity for clustering anti‐DNP antibodies onto CD44‐positive cancer cells and displayed potent in vitro anti‐cancer activity by triggering complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Moreover, we found that HA‐[PEG3‐DNP]8 significantly inhibited the xenograft tumor growth of Babl/c nude mice bearing triple negative breast cancer cells, while it did not cause detectable histological cytotoxicity. Given the easy access of this type of natural glycopolymer and the practical synthesis approach, these MARGs provide promising immunotherapeutics for cancer immunotherapy.
Associations between geographic residence and US adolescent and young adult cancer stage and survival
Authors: Johnson Kimberly J. , Wang Xiaoyan , Barnes Justin M. , Delavar Arash 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundMultiple studies have indicated that place of residence can influence cancer survival; however, few studies have specifically focused on geographic factors and outcomes in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer. The objective of this study was to evaluate evidence for geographic disparities in cancer diagnosis stage and overall survival in AYAs and to examine whether stage mediated survival associations.MethodsNational Cancer Database data on AYAs aged 15 to 39 years who were diagnosed with cancer from 2010 to 2014 were obtained. Residence in Metropolitan (metro), urban, or rural counties at the time of diagnosis was defined using Rural‐Urban Continuum Codes. Distance between the patient's residence and the reporting hospital was classified as short (≤2.5 miles), intermediate (>12.5 to <50 miles), or long (≥50 miles). Logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for analyses.ResultsThe stage and survival analyses included 146,418 and 178,688 AYAs, respectively. The odds of a late versus early stage at diagnosis (stages III and IV vs I and II) were 1.16 (95% CI, 1.05‐1.29) times greater for AYAs living in rural versus metro counties and 1.20 (95% CI, 1.16‐1.25) times greater for AYAs living at long versus short distances to the reporting hospital. The hazard of death was 1.17 (95% CI, 1.05‐1.31) and 1.30 (95% CI, 1.25‐1.36) times greater for those living in rural versus metro counties, respectively, and for long versus short distances to the reporting hospital, respectively. Disease stage mediated 54% and 31% of the associations between metro, urban, or rural residence and residential distance categories and survival.ConclusionsRural residence and living long distances from the reporting hospital were associated with later stage diagnoses and lower survival in AYAs with cancer. Further research is needed to understand mechanisms.Lay SummaryAdolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer are a vulnerable population because cancer is of low suspicion in this population and may not be diagnosed in a timely manner.The authors evaluated evidence for geographic disparities in cancer stage at diagnosis and survival in the AYA population.The findings indicate that AYAs living in rural versus metropolitan US counties and those living farther from the diagnosis reporting hospital are more likely to be diagnosed at a later cancer stage, when it is generally less treatable, and have lower survival compared with AYAs living in metropolitan counties.
Axonal injury alters the extracellular glial environment of the axon initial segment and allows substantial mitochondrial influx into axon initial segment
Authors: Tamada Hiromi , Kiryu‐Seo Sumiko , Sawada Sohgo , Kiyama Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe axon initial segment (AIS) is structurally and functionally distinct from other regions of the axon, yet alterations in the milieu of the AIS after brain injury have not been well characterized. In this study, we have examined extracellular and intracellular changes in the AIS after hypoglossal nerve injury. Microglial adhesions to the AIS were rarely observed in healthy controls, whereas microglial adhesions to the AIS became apparent in the axonal injury model. Regarding intra‐AIS morphology, we focused on mitochondria because mitochondrial flow into the injured axon appears critical for axonal regeneration. To visualize mitochondria specifically in injured axons, we used Atf3:BAC transgenic mice whose mitochondria were labeled with GFP in response to nerve injury. These mice clearly showed mitochondrial localization in the AIS after nerve injury. To precisely confirm the light microscopic observations, we performed three‐dimensional ultrastructural analysis using focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM). Although the healthy AIS was not surrounded by microglia, tight microglial adhesions with thick processes adhering to the AIS were observed after injury. FIB/SEM simultaneously allowed the observation of mitochondrial localization in the AIS. In the AIS of non‐injured neurons, few mitochondria were observed, whereas mitochondria were abundantly localized in the cell body, axon hillock, and axon. Intriguingly, in the injured AIS, numerous mitochondria were observed throughout the AIS. Taken together, axonal injury changes the extracellular glial environment surrounding the AIS and intracellular mitochondrial localization in the AIS. These changes would be crucial responses, perhaps for injured neurons to regenerate after axonal injury.
A Parallel Direct‐Vertical Map Reduce Programming model for an effective frequent pattern mining in a dispersed environment
Authors: Yamuna Devi N 
Published: July 2021

SummaryData mining methods face various problems when extracting the data analysis process. These problems are solved based on the frequent pattern mining (FPM). In the data mining area, the frequent pattern (FP) extraction is a dominant embassy while processing the databases. Despite the fact that it has proven its importance in various mining provinces, the consistent research work of researchers has provided numerous efforts in this environment through substantial innovations. Based on the expected challenges of pattern mining, the time and memory consumption while mining the hidden FP increases over time by the conventional FPM approaches. This article proposes a Parallel Direct‐Vertical Map Reduce Programming model to effectively extract the FPM in a dispersed environment and analyzed using the Sales transaction dataset as UCI Machine Learning Repository. The proposed model has two phases of working, namely, (i) mapping and (ii) reduction. Here, the proposed Parallel Direct‐Vertical method is utilized while mapping. The parallelism of the proposed model is implemented and executed based on the number of clusters of databases in architecture‐based software and its final outcome shows that the proposed model is more efficient than the existing methods.
Grief‐related beliefs in shidu parents with and without prolonged grief disorder: Psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the Typical Beliefs Questionnaire
Authors: Xu Xin , Wen Jun , Skritskaya Natalia A. , Zou Xinyan , Mauro Christine , Wang Jianping , Shear M. Katherine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe Typical Beliefs Questionnaire (TBQ) assesses common grief‐related cognitions, which demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties in a treatment‐seeking sample with prolonged grief disorder (PGD). Chinese shidu parents (bereaved parents over the age of 49 who have lost their only child) are at a high risk of PGD. The current study aimed to examine psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the TBQ (TBQ‐C) in a community sample of shidu parents with and without PGD, to compare this to the original validation clinical sample in the United States bereaved of any close relationship and to consider its use as a clinical tool. We examined the rate of positive endorsement, factor structure, internal consistency and validity of the TBQ‐C in 310 community‐based shidu parents (including 102 who met the criteria for PGD). Results showed that the rate of positive endorsement for each item ranged from 7.2% to 48.6% among non‐PGD participants and from 20.6% to 92.2% among PGD participants. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the original five‐factor structure fit both the non‐PGD and PGD shidu parents. The TBQ‐C showed acceptable internal consistency and satisfactory convergent and concurrent validity in both groups. It had good discriminant validity and can be helpful in distinguishing shidu parents with and without PGD. The TBQ‐C can be used to investigate common grief‐related beliefs that may be problematic for both shidu parents with and without PGD.