bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On heat transfer and flow characteristics of jets impinging onto concave surface with varying bleeding arrangements
Authors: Qiu Dandan , Luo Lei , Zhao Zhiqi , Wang Songtao , Wang Zhongqi , Sunden Bengt Ake 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of film holes’ arrangements and jet Reynolds number on flow structure and heat transfer characteristics of jet impingement conjugated with film cooling in a semicylinder double wall channel.

Design/methodology/approach
Numerical simulations are used in this research. Streamlines on different sections, skin-friction lines, velocity, wall shear stress and turbulent kinetic energy contours near the concave target wall and vortices in the double channel are presented. Local Nusselt number contours and surface averaged Nusselt numbers are also obtained. Topology analysis is applied to further understand the fluid flow and is used in analyzing the heat transfer characteristics.

Findings
It is found that the arrangement of side films positioned far from the center jets helps to enhance the flow disturbance and heat transfer behind the film holes. The heat transfer uniformity for the case of 55° films arrangement angle is most improved and the thermal performance is the highest in this study.

Originality/value
The film holes’ arrangements effects on fluid flow and heat transfer in an impingement cooled concave channel are conducted. The flow structures in the channel and flow characteristics near target by topology pictures are first obtained for the confined film cooled impingement cases. The heat transfer distributions are analyzed with the flow characteristics. The highest heat transfer uniformity and thermal performance situation is obtained in present work.
“We have tiny purses in our vaginas!!! #thanksforthat”: absurdity as a feminist method of intervention
Authors: Sundén Jenny , Paasonen Susanna 
Published: March 2021

PurposeAccording to thesaurus definitions, the absurd translates as “ridiculously unreasonable, unsound, or incongruous”; “extremely silly; not logical and sensible”. As further indicated in the Latin root absurdus, “out of tune, uncouth, inappropriate, ridiculous,” humor in absurd registers plays with that which is out of harmony with both reason and decency. In this article, the authors make an argument for the absurd as a feminist method for tackling heterosexism.Design/methodology/approachBy focusing on the Twitter account “Men Write Women” (est. 2019), the rationale of which is to share literary excerpts from male authors describing women's experiences, thoughts and appearances, and which regularly broadens into social theater in the user reactions, the study explores the critical value of absurdity in feminist social media tactics.FindingsThe study proposes the absurd as a means of not merely turning things around, or inside out, but disrupting and eschewing the hegemonic logic on offer. While both absurd humor and feminist activism may begin from a site of reactivity and negative evaluation, it need not remain confined to it. Rather, by turning things preposterous, ludicrous and inappropriate, absurd laughter ends up somewhere different. The feminist value of absurd humor has to do with both its critical edge and with the affective lifts and spaces of ambiguity that it allows for.Originality/valueResearch on digital feminist activism has largely focused on the affective dynamics of anger. As there are multiple affective responses to sexism, our article foregrounds laughter and ambivalence as a means of claiming space differently in online cultures rife with hate, sexism and misogyny.
The social welfare impact of double tax treaties in Sub Saharan Africa
Authors: Soondram Hema , Samy Martin , Jugurnath Bhavish 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis study aims to analyze tax revenue in the presence of double tax treaties affecting social welfare of the inhabitants in the Sub-Saharan African (SSA) developing economies, whose fiscal regimes are being branded as responsible for exacerbating poverty for the inhabitants. This paper seeks to determine if double tax treaties are negatively impacting on human development of the host countries.Design/methodology/approachThis study analyses 21 SSA countries from 1996 to 2016 using panel models and bootstrapped quantile regression. It uses a devised mathematical model which introduces the interaction between tax revenue and double tax treaties and measures the social welfare impact using the human development index (HDI).FindingsThe findings have broadly shown that (i) the net effect from the complementarity between tax revenue and double tax treaty (DTTs) in influencing the human development is for the most part negative (ii) the impact of tax revenue from international trade has the most positive net effect as compared to other tax revenues when interacted with the DTT and (iii) the DTT complements the tax revenue from income, profits and capital gains to progressively increase human development in the upper quartiles of HDI.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has examined how the presence of double tax treaties has impacted the effect of tax revenue on human development in 21 SSA countries for the period 1996–2016. A mathematical model was devised and bootstrapped quantile regression was used owing to the specificities of the sample. In accordance with recent literature on net effects, the results were interpreted.Practical implicationsIt is evident that further research is required on whether double tax treaties are indirectly responsible for poverty on the rise in SSA countries or on the contrary, they bring FDI alongside with other positive spillovers which in the end contribute to a rise in the human development aspect of societies in developing host economies.Social implicationsThe HDI is an important measure used nowadays for human development as a proxy for social welfare. This research will use an HDI mathematical model devised by Sinha and Sengupta (2019) and adapt it to the context to testing econometrically whether double tax treaties have an impact on welfare or poverty reduction. The empirical results will help determine whether tax treaties are impacting the social welfare positively or negatively.Originality/valueThis result is the first research attempt to consider both the impact of tax revenue (which is expected to have a positive impact on social welfare of the people of the host developing countries) and the impact of double tax treaties simultaneously. It is the first empirical study focusing on the impact of tax revenue on human development in the presence of double tax treaties. Its methodology is original and adds to the current literature to benefit policymakers and academia.
Teledermatology in times of COVID‐19
Authors: Stadler Pia‐Charlotte , Senner Sonja , Frey Surina , Clanner‐Engelshofen Benjamin M. , H. Frommherz Leonie , French Lars E. , Reinholz Markus 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRemote consultations are likely to grow in importance in the following years, especially if the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic continues. Patients’ opinions on teledermatology have already been analyzed, but a current analysis during the COVID‐19 pandemic is lacking. The purpose of this survey was to investigate the satisfaction of patients who had received dermatological advice via telephone during the COVID‐19 pandemic and to analyze their general opinion about eHealth as well as possible limitations for a broad implementation. Ninety‐one patients managed in the dermatology department using telephone consultation during the COVID‐19 pandemic were interviewed. An anonymous questionnaire, including the established quality of life questionnaire (Dermatology Life Quality Index [DLQI]), was used. It was found that men were more satisfied with telephone consultations than women (p = 0.029), educational level and age did not correlate with satisfaction (p = 0.186 and 388, respectively), and the longer the waiting time for a telephone consultation, the lower the satisfaction (p = 0.001). Grouped analysis of all participants showed that the majority (54.0% n = 38/71) were “very happy” with the telephone consultation. Higher disease burden (DLQI) was associated with lower satisfaction (p = 0.042). The main stated reasons for using telemedicine were shorter waiting times (51.6% n = 47/91) and no travel requirement (57.1% n = 47/91). Almost one‐quarter (23.1% n = 21/89) of patients would use teledermatology in the future, 17.6% (n = 16/89) would not, and 57.1% (n = 51/89) would only use it in addition to a traditional consultation with personal contact. In conclusion, most patients in the study group still preferred traditional face‐to‐face medical consultations to telephone consultations, but also desired an add‐on telemedical tool. Dermatological care using more modern telemedicine technologies than telephone conferencing is needed to better address patients’ desires, especially in times of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Characteristics, treatments, and prognosis of a critical illness polyneuromyopathy patient with positive anti‐GM1 after severe traumatic brain injury: A case report
Authors: Luo Jiemin , Xia Zhiyuan , Che Yanjun , Zhou Ke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTo investigate the clinical features, treatment and prognosis of critical illness polyneuromyopathy (CIPNM) in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) who had positive anti‐ganglioside GM1 (anti‐GM1) antibody IgG. A case of CIPNM with positive anti‐GM1 antibody IgG was retrospectively analysed and followed‐up for 30 months. After 1 week of treatment with large dose of short‐term glucocorticoid and human immunoglobulin, the muscle strength of both lower extremities was restored to grade 1. Three months later, the muscle strength and muscle tension of the patient’s limbs returned to normal except for grade 3 of bilateral dorsal extensor muscle strength. In addition, the patient can walk alone with a waddling gait. After 30 months, there was no recurrence. The application of large dose of short‐term glucocorticoid and human immunoglobulin to CIPNM that are positive for anti‐GM1 antibodies may be an effective treatment.
Manipulation of host ecdysteroid hormone levels facilitates infection by the fungal insect pathogen,Metarhizium rileyi
Authors: Zhu Shengan , Feng Xueyao , Keyhani Nemat O. , Liu Yu , Jin Dan , Tong Sheng , Pei Yan , Fan Yanhua 
Published: March 2021

SummaryEntomopathogenic fungi such asMetarhizium rileyiandBeauveria bassianaare widely used insect biological control agents. Little, however, is known concerning genetic or enzymatic factors that differentiate the mechanisms employed by these two fungal pathogens to infect target hosts. Infection by either of these organisms is known to increase levels of the growth and molting hormone, ecdysone, which also regulates the expression of a number of innate immune pathways.M. rileyi, but notB.bassiana, has apparently evolved an ecdysteroid‐22‐oxidase (MrE22O) that inactivate ecdysone. We show that deletion ofMrE22Oimpaired virulence compared with the wild‐type strain, with an increase in ecdysone titer seen in hosts that was coupled to an increase in the expression of antimicrobial genes. AnM.rileyistrain engineered to overexpressMrE22O(MrE22OOE), as well as trans‐expression inB.bassiana(Bb::MrE220OE) resulted, in strains displaying enhanced virulence and dampening of host immune responses compared with their respective wild‐type parental strains. These results indicate that ecdysone plays an important role in mediating responses to fungal infection and that some insect pathogenic fungi have evolved mechanisms for targeting this hormone as a means for facilitating infection.
Foraging behavior of an invasive alien hornet (Vespa velutina) at Apis mellifera hives in Korea: Foraging duration and success rate
Authors: Choi Moon Bo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe introduction of an invasive alien hornet (Vespa velutina) to Korea in 2003 has caused severe economic impacts on the beekeeping industry. We observed this hornet attacking honeybees at hives and need to develop control and management approaches for the hornet. We recorded the duration of foraging attacks and the success rate of V. velutina at beehives from July to October. The foraging duration was 40–50 s from July to early August but fell to ~20 s from the end of August, and 10 s was recorded in September. Twenty seconds was recorded at the beginning of October and foraging duration increased to 80 s at the end of October. This seems to be because the number of experienced, mature workers within the V. velutina nest is high from August. The foraging success was 80.63% overall but exceeded 96% in September. This is much higher than the success rate in the native region, which means that the local honeybees have not yet developed adequate defense mechanisms against predation by this new, invasive species.
Integrated molecular network and HPLC‐UV‐FLD analysis to explore antioxidant ingredients in camellia nitidissima Chi
Authors: Cheng Chuan‐jing , Hou Xiao‐tao , Hao Er‐wei , Palachai Nut , Wattanathorn Jintanaporn , Bai Gang , Hou Yuan‐yuan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAt present, screening of active ingredients from natural products for pharmacological and clinical research is mostly time‐consuming and costly. In this study, a molecular network (MN) guided high performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet‐fluorescence detector (HPLC‐UV‐FLD) method was carried out to profile the global antioxidant activity compounds, including the trace amount ingredients in Camellia nitidissima Chi (CNC). Firstly, HPLC‐UV‐FLD postcolumn derivatization system was utilized to screen the antioxidants. Then the MN of CNC was established via mass spectrometry (MS) data for getting the connection between ingredient structures. As a result, HPLC‐UV‐FLD indicated three antioxidant ingredients: gallic acid (126.3 mg/g), catechin (564.8 mg/g), and salicylic acid (24.3 mg/g). Combined with the MN, the actives' precise location and connection relationship were clarified based on the structural similarities. A new antioxidant ingredient, okicamelliaside, was suggested and evaluated at free radical scavenging and enzymatic protection. The novel method of activity and structural correlation analysis based on MN could provide a useful guide for screening trace active ingredients in natural products.Practical ApplicationThree main ingredients were screened out from Camellia nitidissima Chi by HPLC‐UV‐FLD postcolumn derivatization system. Integrated molecular network and HPLC‐UV‐FLD analysis, a new type of antioxidant okicamelliaside was selected. The novel method of activity and structural correlation analysis based on molecular network could provide a useful guide for screening trace active ingredients in natural products.
Fatalism Knowledge and Inquiry in African American Family Stories of Death Premonition
Authors: Fraser Gertrude Jacinta 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT In stories of unexpected death, rural African Americans investigate signs of premonition and personal destiny in the predeath behavior, biographical attributes, and conversations of deceased relatives. Premonition is clouded in misdirection; stories explore the conundrum that the future is known and actively communicated by those who will die, but the information only becomes accessible to the living after the person's death. Latent predictive powers exist in the universe, but they must be discovered and ratified. Drawing on epistemologies of surprise and the exotic, I argue that premonition is an individual and communal knowledge inquiry process through which the living test fate's edges, respond to its possibilities, and seek to predict its influence. I challenge scholarly interpretations of fatalism as a passive, ultimately defeatist worldview. [death communication, premonition knowledge, family stories, fatalism, surprise and intentionality, African American]
Children hospitalised with four common viral diseases showed epidemiological differences but few socio‐economic variations
Authors: Widgren Katarina , Eriksson Margareta , Bennet Rutger , Giesecke Johan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimThis study explored the differences in demographic and socio‐economic factors between children hospitalised due to four common viral infections.MethodsDemographic data were obtained from Statistics Sweden on >3000 children admitted to Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital in 2009–2014 with rotavirus, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or chickenpox. We compared demographic and socio‐economic factors between case groups using logistic regression with rotavirus cases as reference.ResultsThere were differences in the median age at admission; RSV cases were younger (0.4 years), influenza (2.4 years) and chickenpox cases (2.7 years) older than rotavirus cases (1.2 years). RSV, influenza and chickenpox cases lived in families with more children than rotavirus cases. RSV and influenza cases were more likely to have underlying chronic conditions. Mothers of RSV cases were more likely to be born in Sweden. Further socio‐economic differences were not robustly confirmed in sensitivity analyses.ConclusionWe found a few differences in demographic factors between children hospitalised with the four common infections, which were mainly explained by the epidemiology and transmission patterns of these infections.
Food constituent– and herb–drug interactions in oncology: Influence of quantitative modelling on Drug labelling
Authors: Pilla Reddy Venkatesh , Jo Heeseung , Neuhoff Sibylle 
Published: March 2021

AimsHerbal products, spices and/or fruits are perceived as inherently healthy; for instance, St. John's wort (SJW) is marketed as a natural antidepressant and patients often self‐administer it concomitantly with oncology medications. However, food constituents/herbs can interfere with drug pharmacokinetics, with risk of altering pharmacodynamics and efficacy. The objective of this work was to develop a strategy to prioritize herb– or food constituent–drug interactions (FC‐DIs) to better assess oncology drug clinical risk.MethodsPhysiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were developed by integrating in vitro parameters with the clinical pharmacokinetics of food constituents in grapefruit juice (bergamottin), turmeric (curcumin) or SJW (hyperforin). Perpetrator files were linked to verified victim PBPK models through appropriate interaction mechanisms (cytochrome P450 3A, breast cancer resistance protein, P‐glycoprotein) and applied in prospective PBPK simulations to inform the likelihood and magnitude of changes in exposure to osimertinib, olaparib or acalabrutinib.ResultsReported FC‐DIs with oncology drugs were well recovered, with absolute average fold error values of 1.10 (bergamottin), 1.05 (curcumin) and 1.01 (hyperforin). Prospective simulations with grapefruit juice and turmeric showed clinically minor to insignificant changes in exposure (<1.50‐fold) to acalabrutinib, osimertinib and olaparib, but predicted 1.57‐fold FC‐DI risk between acalabrutinib and curcumin. Moderate DDI risk was expected when acalabrutinib, osimertinib or olaparib were dosed with SJW.ConclusionsA model‐informed decision tree based on mechanistic understanding of transporter and/or enzyme‐mediated FC‐DI is proposed based on bergamottin, curcumin and hyperforin FC‐DI clinical data. Adopting this quantitative modelling approach should streamline herbal product safety assessments, assist in FC‐DI management, and ultimately promote safe clinical use of oncology drugs.
Review: The mental health implications for children and adolescents impacted by infectious outbreaks – a systematic review
Authors: Berger Emily , Jamshidi Negar , Reupert Andrea , Jobson Laura , Miko Amy 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThis systematic review synthesized available research on the psychological implications for children and adolescents who either were directly or indirectly exposed to an infectious outbreak. On this basis, the current paper aims to provide recommendations for future research, practice and policy regarding children during pandemics.MethodA total of 2195 records were retrieved from the PsycINFO, SCOPUS and MEDLINE databases, and three from Google Scholar.ResultsIncluding only those papers that focused on children or adolescent’s mental health in association with respiratory infectious outbreaks, 11 articles were identified. The majority of research utilized qualitative or retrospective hospital record data. Children and adolescents reported fear and anxiety, as well as disruptions to their day to day routines as a result of outbreaks. However, children were also able to demonstrate resilience during outbreaks with the right support.ConclusionsChildren’s psychological response to the outbreak appeared to be largely attributed to how their parents, healthcare providers and the media communicated the event. Recommendations for policy, practitioners and researchers concerning the current COVID‐19 outbreak concludes the paper.
Representational commissions and policy‐making on Indigenous and women’s issues: A case‐study of the Liberal Party and the New Democratic Party of Canada
Authors: Allsop Corinne , Richez Emmanuelle 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe New Democratic Party of Canada and the Liberal Party of Canada have put in place representational commissions to encourage politically underrepresented groups, such as women and Indigenous Peoples, to be active party members and to contribute to policy development. Whether they influence policy on Indigenous and women’s issues is unclear. This article analyzes political conventions’ policy resolutions, electoral platforms, and governmental actions. Can representational commissions influence policy on Indigenous and women’s issues?
Delayed symptoms and orthostatic intolerance following peanut challenge
Authors: Turner Paul J. , Ruiz‐Garcia Monica , Patel Nandinee , Abrantes Gonçalo , Burrell Sarah , Vazquez‐Ortiz Marta , Skypala Isabel , Durham Stephen R. , Boyle Robert J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundClinical reactions to Oral Food Challenge (OFC) in peanut‐allergic individuals have been well‐characterised, but rates and phenotypes of symptom recurrence beyond the first hour after objective symptoms are less well‐characterised.ObjectiveTo evaluate the rate of new‐onset symptoms occurring at least 1 h after stopping OFC in peanut‐allergic children and adults undergoing peanut‐OFC.MethodsWe prospectively collected data relating to adverse events following positive reactions at double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenges (DBPCFC) to peanut in children and adults evaluated for eligibility to participate in two clinical trials (NCT02149719, NCT02665793). The trials included people aged 8 to 45 with primary, IgE‐mediated peanut allergy at DBPCFC. The challenge protocol included consumption of a light meal 1 h after reaction.ResultsA total of 121 participants (64 children, 57 adults) had immediate, objective symptoms at DBPCFC, 25 (17 children, 8 adults) with anaphylaxis. Thirty‐three (27%) had progression or recurrence of symptoms ≥ 1 h after objective clinical reaction, of whom 8 developed anaphylaxis. In 23 cases, the onset of new symptoms was associated with consumption of a light meal. In eight cases, symptoms were limited to a symptomatic postural fall in blood pressure noted in preparation for discharge, without any other new features of an allergic reaction.Conclusions & Clinical RelevanceProgressive or new‐onset symptoms ≥1 h following initial allergic reaction at OFC are common and can include orthostatic hypotension. Recurrent symptoms may be temporally associated with food consumption.