bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rearfoot Strikes on the Hip and Knee Rotational Kinetic Chain During the Early Phase of Cutting in Female Athletes
Authors: Ogasawara Issei , Shimokochi Yohei , Konda Shoji , Mae Tatsuo , Nakata Ken 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Biomechanical factors affecting horizontal-plane hip and knee kinetic chain and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk during cutting maneuvers remain unclear. This study aimed to examine whether different foot strike patterns alter horizontal-plane hip and knee kinetics and kinematics during a cutting maneuver in female athletes and clarify the individual force contribution for producing high-risk hip and knee loadings. Twenty-five healthy female athletes performed a 60° cutting task with forefoot and rearfoot first strike conditions. Horizontal-plane hip and knee moment components, angles, and angular velocities were calculated using synchronized data of the marker positions on the body landmarks and ground reaction forces (GRFs) during the task. The one-dimensional statistical parametric mapping paired t test was used to identify the significant difference in kinetic and kinematic time-series data between foot strike conditions.

Results
In the rearfoot strike condition, large hip and knee internal rotation loadings were produced during the first 5% of stance due to the application of GRFs, causing a significantly larger hip internal rotation excursion than that of the forefoot strike condition. Dissimilarly, neither initial hip internal rotation displacement nor knee internal rotation GRF loadings were observed in the forefoot strike condition.

Conclusions
Rearfoot strike during cutting appears to increase noncontact ACL injury risk as the GRF tends to produce combined hip and knee internal rotation moments and the high-risk lower limb configuration. Conversely, forefoot strike during cutting appears to be an ACL-protective strategy that does not tend to produce the ACL-harmful joint loadings and lower extremity configurations. Thus, improving foot strike patterns during cutting should be incorporated in ACL injury prevention programs.
Effect of Whitlockite as a new bone substitute for bone formation in spinal fusion and ectopic ossification animal model
Authors: Jin Yuan-Zhe , Zheng Guang-Bin , Cho Minjoon , Lee Jae Hyup 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Bone substrates like hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate have been widely used for promoting spinal fusion and reducing the complications caused by autograft. Whitlockite has been reported to promote better bone formation in rat calvaria models compare with them, but no study investigated its effect on spinal fusion yet. Also, the higher osteoinductivity of whitlockite raised concern of ectopic ossification, which was a complication of spinal fusion surgery that should be avoided.

Methods
In this study, we compared the osteoinductivity of whitlockite, hydroxyapatite, and tricalcium phosphate porous particles with SD rat spine posterolateral fusion model and investigated whether whitlockite could induce ectopic ossification with SD rat abdominal pouch model.

Results
The micro-CT result from the posterolateral fusion model showed whitlockite had slightly but significantly higher percent bone volume than tricalcium phosphate, though none of the materials formed successful fusion with surrounding bone tissue. The histology results showed the bone formed on the cortical surface of the transverse process but did not form a bridge between the processes. The result from the abdominal pouch model showed whitlockite did not induce ectopic bone formation.

Conclusion
Whitlockite had a potential of being a better bone substrate hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate in spinal fusion with low risk of inducing ectopic ossification.
Tuberculosis amidst COVID-19 pandemic in India: unspoken challenges and the way forward
Authors: Bardhan Mainak , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Ray Ishita , Sarkar Anusua , Chahal Priyanka , Rackimuthu Sudhan , Essar Mohammad Yasir 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIndia is home to the most significant number of tuberculosis (TB) cases around the globe. The COVID-19 crisis has deeply perturbed most of the essential TB services in India. Regulating TB is difficult in a densely populated country like India due to latent TB infection in millions of Indians, which can reactivate at any point in the future. Due to the ongoing pandemic, healthcare workers have been diverted to activities implemented for effective COVID-19 management, leaving a meager workforce to help deal with TB management. Integrating TB and COVID-19 to augment India’s health outreach is the need of the hour to diminish the effect of the COVID-19 crisis on TB. Increasing overall testing capacity, active screening, implementation of strategies for easy identification of TB hotspots, and ensuring uninterrupted drug supply for treatment through heedful planning of local and regional distribution and transportation will especially help cater to the vulnerable population who are at a high risk of suffering from adverse outcomes of TB. Lessons learnt in the battle against COVID-19 can most definitely help in providing insights to fulfill the goal of eliminating TB from India.
Liquidity risk and stock returns: empirical evidence from industrial products and services sector in Bursa Malaysia
Authors: Musneh Rapheedah , Abdul Karim Mohd. Rahimie , Arokiadasan Baburaw Caroline Geetha A/P 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of liquidity risk on stock returns of 149 firms in the industrial products and services sectors of Bursa Malaysia from January 2000 to December 2018 with a monthly frequency dataset. This study employed the two-stage standard procedures in asset pricing to estimate the significant effect of liquidity risk on industrial products and services stock returns. The results show that the investors require liquidity premium for stocks whose illiquidity co-moves with market illiquidity and market return while shifting their investment to liquid stocks when the market becomes illiquid, thus positive premium for stocks whose return is higher during the illiquid market. It suggests that two liquidity risks, namely commonality in liquidity and the covariances between stock illiquidity and market returns, and aggregate liquidity risk explain the cross-sectional returns variations across stocks in the industrial products and services sector, thus partly support the LCAPM model. We provide evidence on the important role of liquidity risks on the cross-sectional industrial products and services stock returns in Bursa Malaysia in the LCAPM framework. The findings of this study may be useful for investment decision-making and portfolio allocation strategy under the liquid and illiquid securities conditions. For policymakers, understanding the impact of liquidity risks on stock returns for the industrial products and services sectors may help enhance market liquidity for economic growth. Therefore, our findings contribute to the practical and policy implications.
Chemical septoplasty using papain enzyme—a feasibility study
Authors: Patil Arun Angelo , Simmons Amelia , Nilles-Melchert Thomas , Pandey Deepak Kumar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Though surgery can correct nasal septal defects through a procedure called septoplasty, many people seek non-surgical options. Papain enzyme has been used in the past to lyse intervertebral disc and has shown to have a lytic effect on cartilage. Therefore, in this paper, the feasibility to use papain for septoplasty was studied.
First, an in vitro study on chicken cartilage was done. Cartilage pieces were emerged in papain solution (5 mg/ml of papain in normal saline) and plain normal saline solution (as control) for 2 weeks at room and refrigeration temperatures. Then, the papain solution was injected in a formalin-fixed cadaver in the submucosal space around the nasal septal cartilage. The control group was injected with normal saline.

Results
The treated group showed significant lysis with the disintegration of the cartilage, both in the in vitro and cadaver study.

Conclusion
This study shows that papain can lyse cartilage. It also shows that submucosal injection of papain around nasal cartilage will lyse the septal cartilage. Based on prior experience with papain for disc herniation and the present study, it is worthwhile to further investigate this procedure using live animals.
Secure transmission of W-band millimeter-wave based on CNN and dynamic resource allocation
Authors: Xiao Yaoqiang , Chen Yating , Wang Zhiyi 
Published: October 2021

A secure transmission scheme of a W-band millimeter-wave radio-over-fiber (RoF) system based on cellular neural network (CNN) and dynamic resource allocation is proposed, in which 7-D CNN chaotic system is composed to heighten the anti-deciphering ability of a secure system, and the spectrum resources are optimized by dynamic allocation. The analyses show that the key space of our scheme can reach approximately

10

112

. The encrypted W-band millimeter-wave signal is successfully transmitted in the filter-OFDM RoF system of 50-km SSMF and 5 m wireless channel, and the experimental results illustrate that our proposed scheme can enhance the bit error ratio performance by approximately 0.3 dB compared with the traditional one.
Efficient ∼4  µm emission from Pr3+/Yb3+ co-doped fluoroindate glass
Authors: He Huiyu , Jia Zhixu , Ohishi Yasutake , Qin Weiping , Qin Guanshi 
Published: October 2021

P
r

3
+

/

Y
b

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+

co-doped fluoroindate (

I
n
F

3

) glasses were prepared by using a traditional melt-quenching method in dry

N

2

atmosphere. Pumped by a 976 or 1570 nm laser diode, efficient emissions at

∼

4

µ

m

were obtained from the

P
r

3
+

/

Y
b

3
+

co-doped glasses, which could be ascribed to the transition

3

F

4

→

3

H

6

of

P
r

3
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ions. The relative stimulated emission cross section was calculated to be

∼

1.44

×

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−
24

m

2

at 4 µm, which was

∼

4.2

times larger than that of transition

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o

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+

:

5

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→

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I

6

(

3.4

×

10

−
25

m

2

). In addition, combined with transitions

1

G

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→

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F

3

and

1

G

4

→

3

F

4

of

P
r

3
+

ions, ultra-broadband emission ranging from 2.7 to 4.2 µm was also obtained. Our results indicate that

P
r

3
+

/

Y
b

3
+

:

I
n
F

3

glasses could be used to develop efficient

∼

4

µ

m

lasers and widely tunable mid-infrared lasers.
Structural modulation designed a thermally robust blue-cyan emitting phosphor Y2Mg0.8Sr0.2 Al4SiO12:Eu2+ for the high color rendering index white LEDs
Authors: Yang Huifang , Li Panlai , Ye Zejun , Huo Xiaoxue , Wu Qian , Wang Yu , Wang Zhijun 
Published: October 2021

In this work, the novel, to the best of our knowledge, blue-cyan

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2

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g

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A
l

4

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:

E
u

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(

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M

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0.2

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S

:

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) phosphors were synthesized by the solid-state method. At 150°C, the emission intensity of

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2

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g

0.8

S
r

0.2

A
l

4

S
i
O

12

:

0.005

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u

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can retain 96.38% of the relative intensity, which means that this phosphor shows high thermal stability. A white light-emitting diode (LED) device is fabricated by combining a 370 nm near ultraviolet LED chip and commercial phosphors (green,

(

B
a

,

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)
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=

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and superhigh color rendering index

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a

=

96.1

, which indicates the potential application in white LED fields.
Outcomes of a 12-week ecologically valid observational study of first treatment with methylphenidate in a representative clinical sample of drug naïve children with ADHD
Authors: Kaalund-Brok Kristine , Houmann Tine Bodil , Hebsgaard Marie Bang , Lauritsen Maj-Britt Glenn , Lundstrøm Louise Hyldborg , Grønning Helene , Darling Lise , Reinert-Petersen Susanna , Petersen Morten Aagaard , Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard , Pagsberg Anne Katrine , Plessen Kerstin Jessica , Rasmussen Henrik Berg , Jeppesen Pia ,   INDICES
Published: October 2021

Randomized placebo-controlled trials have reported efficacy of methylphenidate (MPH) for Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, selection biases due to strict entry criteria may limit the generalizability of the findings. Few ecologically valid studies have investigated effectiveness of MPH in representative clinical populations of children. This independently funded study aims to describe treatment responses and their predictors during the first 12 weeks of MPH treatment using repeated measurements of symptoms and adverse reactions (ARs) to treatment in 207 children recently diagnosed with ADHD. The children were consecutively included from the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services, The Capital Region of Denmark. The children (mean age, 9.6 years [range 7–12], 75.4% males) were titrated with MPH, based on weekly assessments of symptoms (18-item ADHD-rating scale scores, ADHD-RS-C) and ARs. At study-end 187 (90.8%) children reached a mean end-dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day. A normalisation/borderline normalisation on ADHD-RS-C was achieved for 168 (81.2%) children on the Inattention and/or the Hyperactivity-Impulsivity subscale in week 12, and 31 (15.0%) children were nonresponders, which was defined as absence of normalisation/borderline normalisation (n= 19) or discontinuation due to ARs (n= 12), and eight (3.8%) children dropped out from follow-up. Nonresponders were characterised by more severe symptoms of Hyperactivity-Impulsivity and global impairment before the treatment. ARs were few; the most prominent were appetite reduction and weight loss. A decrease in AR-like symptoms during the treatment period questions the validity of currently available standard instruments designed to measure ARs of MPH. This ecologically valid observational study supports prior randomized placebo-controlled trials; 81.2% of the children responded favourably in multiple domains with few harmful effects to carefully titrated MPH.Clinical trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov with registration numberNCT04366609.
Adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors in Oromia regional state of Ethiopia
Authors: Abeya Sileshi Garoma , Barkesa Sagni Bobo , Sadi Chala Gari , Gemeda Dereje Duguma , Muleta Fekadu Yadeta , Tolera Asebe Feyera , Ayana Dashe Negewo , Mohammed Seada Ahmed , Wako Endale Bacha , Hurisa Mengistu Bekele , Bayisa Dereje Abdena , Sarbesa Mirgisa Kaba , Yesuf Eliyas Yosuf , Tufa Asebe Amenu 
Published: October 2021

Background
Adherence to preventive measures of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was among the means to tackle the transmission of the virus. However, reluctance to implement the recommended preventive measures has been reported to be a major problem everywhere including Oromia Regional State.

Purpose
This research was aimed to assess the level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures and associated factors in the study area.

Participants and methods
Community based cross-sectional study was conducted. Sample of 2751 adults aged ≥ 18 years were used for the quantitative study. Also, 20 FGDs and 30 KIIs were conducted in the qualitative approach. The collected data were entered into Epi info version 7.2.0.1 and analyzed using STATA 15. The qualitative data were entered into NVivo version 12 for its organization. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between the study variables. Odds Ratio with its 95%CI was calculated and P- Value < 0.05 was used as a cut off points to declare the significance.

Results
The level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measure was 8.3. Age [AOR, 4.00; 95% CI: 1.50, 10.45], Illiterate AOR, 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.93], read and write [AOR, 0.26; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.72], attended primary [AOR, 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.70], occupation (AOR; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.96] and knowledge [AOR, 0.20; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.11] were factors associated with level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Political context, unemployment, livelihoods, and social events were mentioned as reasons for the poor adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures.

Conclusions
The overall level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures in the study area was low. Age, level of education, occupation, and knowledge were factors associated with level of adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Activities to increase the adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures should be implemented by the concerned bodies.
Accelerated fetal growth velocity across the third trimester is associated with increased shoulder dystocia risk among fetuses who are not large-for-gestational-age: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: MacDonald Teresa M. , Robinson Alice J. , Hiscock Richard J. , Hui Lisa , Dane Kirsten M. , Middleton Anna L. , Kennedy Lucy M. , Tong Stephen , Walker Susan P. 
Published: October 2021

Objective
To investigate whether fetuses with accelerated third trimester growth velocity are at increased risk of shoulder dystocia, even when they are not large-for-gestational-age (LGA; estimated fetal weight (EFW) >95th centile).

Methods
Fetal growth velocity and birth outcome data were prospectively collected from 347 nulliparous women. Each had blinded ultrasound biometry performed at 28 and 36 weeks’ gestation. Change in EFW and abdominal circumference (AC) centiles between 28–36 weeks were calculated, standardised over exactly eight weeks. We examined the odds of shoulder dystocia with increasing EFW and AC growth velocities among women with 36-week EFW ≤95th centile (non-LGA), who went on to have a vaginal birth. We then examined the relative risk (RR) of shoulder dystocia in cases of accelerated EFW and AC growth velocities (>30 centiles gained). Finally, we compared the predictive performances of accelerated fetal growth velocities to 36-week EFW >95th centile for shoulder dystocia among the cohort planned for vaginal birth.

Results
Of the 226 participants who had EFW ≤95th centile at 36-week ultrasound and birthed vaginally, six (2.7%) had shoulder dystocia. For each one centile increase in EFW between 28–36 weeks, the odds of shoulder dystocia increased by 8% (odds ratio (OR [95% Confidence Interval (CI)]) = 1.08 [1.04–1.12], p<0.001). For each one centile increase in AC between 28–36 weeks, the odds of shoulder dystocia increased by 9% (OR[95%CI] = 1.09 [1.05–1.12], p<0.001). When compared to the rest of the cohort with normal growth velocity, accelerated EFW and AC velocities were associated with increased relative risks of shoulder dystocia (RR[95%CI] = 7.3 [1.9–20.6], p = 0.03 and 4.8 [1.7–9.4], p = 0.02 respectively). Accelerated EFW or AC velocities predicted shoulder dystocia with higher sensitivity and positive predictive value than 36-week EFW >95th centile.

Conclusions
Accelerated fetal growth velocities between 28–36 weeks’ gestation are associated with increased risk of shoulder dystocia, and may predict shoulder dystocia risk better than the commonly used threshold of 36-week EFW >95th centile.
Accuracy of BIS monitoring using a novel interface device connecting conventional needle-electrodes and BIS sensors during frontal neurosurgical procedures
Authors: Harada Hideki , Muta Seiya , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Ukeda Misa , Ota So , Hirata Maiko , Fujioka Hiroshi , Nakashima Osamu , Dietel Barbara , Tauchi Miyuki 
Published: October 2021

Background
Bispectral index (BIS) monitoring is a widely used non-invasive method to monitor the depth of anesthesia. However, in the event of surgeries requiring a frontal approach, placement of the electrode may be impossible at the designated area to achieve a proper BIS measurement.

Methods
We developed an investigational interface device to connect needle-electrodes to BIS sensors. The safety and clinical performance were investigated in patients who underwent surgery. Direct BIS values from a disposable BIS electrode and indirect values via the interface device were simultaneously recorded from the same areas of electrode placement in a single patient. The agreement between the direct and indirect BIS values was statistically analyzed.

Results
The interface device with a silver electrode demonstrated sufficient electric conduction to transmit electroencephalogram signals. The overall BIS curves were similar to those of direct BIS monitoring. Direct and indirect BIS values from 18 patients were statistically analyzed using a linear mixed model and a significant concordance was confirmed (indirect BIS = 7.0405 + 0.8286 * direct BIS, p<0.0001). Most observed data (2582/2787 data points, 92.64%) had BIS unit differences of 10 or less.

Conclusions
The interface device provides an opportunity for intraoperative BIS monitoring of patients, whose clinical situation does not permit the placement of conventional adhesive sensors at the standard location.
Role of the choroidal vascularity index in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) with macular edema
Authors: Hwang Bo-Een , Kim Mirinae , Park Young-Hoon 
Published: October 2021

PurposeTo assess choroidal vasculature changes in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) and macular edema (ME) using the choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and evaluate the effectiveness of CVI as a prognostic biomarker.Methods35 patients with monocular BRVO and ME were analyzed retrospectively. Luminal and stromal areas in choroids of swept-source optical coherence tomography were calculated using the image binarization technique. The CVI was calculated as the ratio of the luminal to total choroidal area. The CVI of BRVO and ME eyes were compared with that of the unaffected fellow and post anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injected eyes. A regression analysis was performed on the choroidal parameters, logMAR visual acuity (VA) two years post disease onset and central macula thickness (CMT).ResultsThe CVI of BRVO and ME eyes was significantly lower than the fellow and post-injected eyes (p<0.05). The regression analysis showed a strong association between two years after logMAR VA and the CVI of fellow eyes (R2= 0.433, p<0.001). Remarkable correlations were observed in the CVI and subfoveal choroidal thickness of BRVO and ME eyes (R2= 0.189, 0.155, respectively, p<0.05). The CMT of diseased eyes were also significantly associated with the CVI of unaffected fellow eyes (R2= 0.113, p<0.05).ConclusionsThe alteration of CVI in BRVO and ME suggests that choroidal vasculature might be affected by extracellular fluid shift and VEGF changes. The fellow eye CVI could be a useful supplementary prognostic biomarker.