bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gut microbiome is associated with the clinical response to anti-PD-1 based immunotherapy in hepatobiliary cancers
Authors: Mao Jinzhu , Wang Dongxu , Long Junyu , Yang Xu , Lin Jianzhen , Song Yiwei , Xie Fucun , Xun Ziyu , Wang Yanyu , Wang Yunchao , Li Yiran , Sun Huishan , Xue Jingnan , Song Yang , Zuo Bangyou , Zhang Junwei , Bian Jin , Zhang Ting , Yang Xiaobo , Zhang Lei , Sang Xinting , Zhao Haitao 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundThe gut microbiome is associated with the response to immunotherapy for different cancers. However, the impact of the gut microbiome on hepatobiliary cancers receiving immunotherapy remains unknown. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the gut microbiome and the clinical response to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy in patients with advanced hepatobiliary cancers.MethodsPatients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma or advanced biliary tract cancers who have progressed from first-line chemotherapy (gemcitabine plus cisplatin) were enrolled. Fresh stool samples were collected before and during anti-PD-1 treatment and analyzed with metagenomic sequencing. Significantly differentially enriched taxa and prognosis associated taxa were identified. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database and MetaCyc database were further applied to annotate the differentially enriched taxa to explore the potential mechanism of the gut microbiome influencing cancer immunotherapy.ResultsIn total, 65 patients with advanced hepatobiliary cancers receiving anti-PD-1 treatment were included in this study. Seventy-four taxa were significantly enriched in the clinical benefit response (CBR) group and 40 taxa were significantly enriched in the non-clinical benefit (NCB) group. Among these taxa, patients with higher abundance of Lachnospiraceae bacterium-GAM79 and Alistipes sp Marseille-P5997, which were significantly enriched in the CBR group, achieved longer progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) than patients with lower abundance. Higher abundance of Ruminococcus calidus and Erysipelotichaceae bacterium-GAM147 enriched in the CBR group was also observed in patients with better PFS. In contrast, worse PFS and OS were found in patients with higher abundance of Veillonellaceae, which was significantly enriched in the NCB group. Functional annotation indicated that the taxa enriched in the CBR group were associated with energy metabolism while the taxa enriched in the NCB group were associated with amino acid metabolism, which may modulate the clinical response to immunotherapy in hepatobiliary cancers. In addition, immunotherapy-related adverse events were affected by the gut microbiome diversity and relative abundance.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that the gut microbiome is associated with the clinical response to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with hepatobiliary cancers. Taxonomic signatures enriched in responders are effective biomarkers to predict the clinical response and survival benefit of immunotherapy, which might provide a new therapeutic target to modulate the response to cancer immunotherapy.
Radiographic clearance of chronic subdural hematomas after middle meningeal artery embolization
Authors: Catapano Joshua S , Ducruet Andrew F , Srinivasan Visish M , Rumalla Kavelin , Nguyen Candice L , Rutledge Caleb , Cole Tyler S , Baranoski Jacob F , Lawton Michael T , Jadhav Ashutosh P , Albuquerque Felipe C 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundFew reports discuss variables associated with improved outcomes after middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization for chronic subdural hematomas (cSDHs). We analyzed radiographic evidence of cSDH clearance after MMA embolization to elucidate optimal techniques, hematoma clearance rates, and suitable length of follow-up.MethodsPatients who underwent MMA embolization for cSDH from January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2020 were analyzed. Patient characteristics, demographics, and technical procedural details were examined. Outcomes for cSDHs analyzed included complete or near-complete resolution at 30, 90, and 180 days following embolization. A multivariable logistic regression analysis identified variables predictive of rapid clearance and resolution of hematomas at 90 days.ResultsThe study cohort comprised 66 patients with 84 treated cSDHs. The mean (SD) cSDH size differed significantly at 30-day (8.8 (4.3) mm), 90-day (3.4 (3.0) mm), and 180-day (1.0 (1.7) mm) follow-up (p<0.001). More cSDHs had complete or near-complete resolution at 180 days (92%, 67/73) than at 90 (63%, 45/72) and 30 days (18%, 15/84) post-embolization (p<0.001). Only distal embolysate penetration was independently associated with rapid clearance (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.4 to 11.1; p=0.01) and resolution of cSDHs at 90 days (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.7 to 14.6; p=0.003).ConclusionAlthough 63% of cSDHs with MMA embolization had complete or near-complete resolution by 90 days post-procedure, 92% reached this stage by 180 days. Therefore, 90-day follow-up may be insufficient to determine the effectiveness of MMA embolization for cSDHs, particularly compared with surgical evacuation alone. Also, distal MMA penetration may be associated with more rapid hematoma clearance.
Activation of PPCI team in the octogenarian and nonagenarians population: real-world single-centre experience
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , O’Connor Cormac , Kumar Jathinder , Kerr Brain , Malik Ihtisham , Homer Ciarrai , Abbas Syed , Arnous Samer , Ullah Ihsan , Kiernan Thomas John 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveAdvancement in healthcare provision has led to increasing octogenarian ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) presentation to hospital for early revascularisation therapies. Limited literature to date exists to suggest octogenarian STEMI population; with majority of trials excluding these age group patients. Due to an ageing population, we expect increasing rates of STEMI in the octogenarian and nonagenarian population in the future. This study seeks to identify the outcomes of patients over the age of 80 presenting with STEMI and determine the factors associated with better or worse outcome.Patients and methodsThis study is a single-centre retrospective observational study involving patients’ age 80 or older presenting with STEMI between January 2014 and December 2019. Patient data were collected by chart review and analysis of the local STEMI database. Standard Bayesian statistics were employed for analysis.Results1301 patients presented with STEMI during this period. 159/1301 (12.2%) were 80 years or older that fulfilled STEMI criteria, 35/159 (22.1%) were medically managed. 107/124 (86.29%) had angiographic evidence of acute total or partial thrombotic occlusion, and 97/107 were treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). The activation ECG most commonly exhibited an anterior STEMI, while inferior STEMI ECGs had the strongest positive predictive value. PPCI group had a 30-day mortality rate of 20% (p=0.07) and 1-year mortality was 22.4%. Highest mortality was observed with cardiogenic shock, low ejection fraction, higher high sensitivity cardiac troponin T and creatinine at presentation. Conservatively managed patients had significant higher mortality rate (48% vs 22.4%, p=0.005) at 1 year.ConclusionPatients over the age of 80 who present with STEMI and undergo PPCI have a significantly lower mortality rate at 1 year. These patients have a 77.6% survival at 1 year, with 92.4% likelihood of discharge to home (without need for long-term nursing home care). Cardiogenic shock in this group was associated with a 1-year mortality of 87.5%. Despite the advanced age, we suggest favourable outcomes described in the absence of patients presenting with cardiogenic shock.
Climate change and human influences on sediment fluxes and the sediment budget of an urban delta: the example of the lower Rhine—Meuse delta distributary network
Authors: Cox J. R. , Dunn F. E. , Nienhuis J. H. , van der Perk M. , Kleinhans M. G. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Deltas require sufficient sediment to maintain their land area and elevation in the face of relative sea-level rise. Understanding sediment budgets can help in managing and assessing delta resilience under future conditions. Here, we make a sediment budget for the distributary channel network of the Rhine—Meuse delta (RMD), the Netherlands, home to the Port of Rotterdam. We predict the future budget and distribution of suspended sediment to indicate the possible future state of the delta in 2050 and 2085. The influence of climate and anthropogenic effects on the fluvial and coastal boundaries was calculated for climate change scenarios, and the effects of future dredging on the budget were related to port development and accommodation of larger ships in inland ports. Suspended sediment rating curves and a 1D flow model were used to estimate the distribution of suspended sediment and projected erosion and sedimentation trends for branches. We forecast a negative sediment budget (net annual loss of sediment) for the delta as a whole, varying from −8 to −16 Mt/year in 2050 and −11 to −25 Mt/year by 2085, depending on the climate scenario and accumulated error. This sediment is unfavourably distributed: most will accrete in the northern part of the system and must consequently be removed by dredging for navigation. Meanwhile, vulnerable intertidal ecosystems will receive insufficient sediment to keep up with sea-level rise, and some channels will erode, endangering bank protection. Despite increased coastal import of sediment by estuarine processes and increased river sediment supply, extensive dredging for port development will cause a sediment deficit in the future.
Hadronic currents and form factors in three-body semileptonic $$\tau $$ decays
Authors: Krinner Fabian , Paul Stephan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThree-body semileptonic $$\tau $$
τ
-decays offer a path to understand the properties of light hadronic systems and CP symmetry violations through searches for electric dipole moments. In studies of electro-weak physics, the hadronic part of the final states has traditionally been described using the language of form factors. Spectroscopic information, resolved in terms of orbital angular momentum quantum-numbers, is best being derived from an explicit decomposition of the hadronic current in the orbital angular momentum basis. Motivated by the upcoming large data samples from $$\mathrm {B}$$
B
factories, we present the full description of the hadronic currents decomposed into quantum numbers of the hadronic final state using the isobar picture. We present formulas for orbital angular momenta up to three and apply the rules derived from hadron spectroscopy to formulate the decay chain of hadronic three-body systems of arbitrary mass. We also translate this formalism to the language of form factors and thereby correct insufficiencies found in previous analyses of three-body hadronic final states.
Joint Program and Layout Transformations to Enable Convolutional Operators on Specialized Hardware Based on Constraint Programming
Authors: Rieber Dennis , Acosta Axel , Fröning Holger 
Published: December 2021

The success of Deep Artificial Neural Networks (DNNs) in many domains created a rich body of research concerned with hardware accelerators for compute-intensive DNN operators. However, implementing such operators efficiently with complex hardware intrinsics such as matrix multiply is a task not yet automated gracefully. Solving this task often requires joint program and data layout transformations. First solutions to this problem have been proposed, such as TVM, UNIT, or ISAMIR, which work on a loop-level representation of operators and specify data layout and possible program transformations before the embedding into the operator is performed. This top-down approach creates a tension between exploration range and search space complexity, especially when also exploring data layout transformations such as im2col, channel packing, or padding.
In this work, we propose a new approach to this problem. We created a bottom-up method that allows the joint transformation of both computation and data layout based on the found embedding. By formulating the embedding as a constraint satisfaction problem over the scalar dataflow, every possible embedding solution is contained in the search space. Adding additional constraints and optimization targets to the solver generates the subset of preferable solutions.
An evaluation using the VTA hardware accelerator with the Baidu DeepBench inference benchmark shows that our approach can automatically generate code competitive to reference implementations. Further, we show that dynamically determining the data layout based on intrinsic and workload is beneficial for hardware utilization and performance. In cases where the reference implementation has low hardware utilization due to its fixed deployment strategy, we achieve a geomean speedup of up to × 2.813, while individual operators can improve as much as × 170.
Systematic Review of Tongxinluo Capsule on the Therapeutic Effect and Hemorheology of Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack
Authors: Yang Peng , Liu Peng , Yang Ruijin 
Published: December 2021

Objectives. This study aims to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of Tongxinluo capsule in the treatment of transient ischemic attack (TIA) and its effect on hemorheology, thereby providing scientific basis for clinical decision making. Methods. A comprehensive and systematic literature retrieval was conducted in the CNKI, Wanfang database, SinoMed, EMbase, and PubMed to screen the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Tongxinluo capsule in the treatment of TIA. The retrieval time was from the inception of each database to September 10, 2020. Endnote X9 was used to screen the literature. Cochrane Collaboration tool for assessing risk of bias was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Stata16.0 statistical software was used for meta-analysis. Results. A total of 12 RCTs were included, involving 946 subjects. (1) The clinical efficacy of the Tongxinluo group was better than that of the control group (RR = 1.19, 95% CI (1.09, 1.30),

P

≤ 0.001). (2) The hemorheological characteristics of the Tongxinluo group were significantly improved compared with those of the control group (whole blood high shear viscosity: SMD = −1.61, 95% CI (−1.89, −1.34);

P

≤ 0.001, whole blood low shear viscosity: SMD = −1.06, 95% CI (−1.31, −0.80),

P

≤ 0.001, fibrinogen: SMD = −1.12, 95% CI (−1.94, −0.29),

P

= 0.008, plasma specific viscosity: SMD = −1.00, 95% CI (−1.69, −0.31),

P

= 0.004, and hematocrit: SMD = −1.47, 95% CI (−2.16, −0.77),

P

≤ 0.001). (3) There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the Tongxinluo group and control group (RR = 7.76, 95% CI (0.98, 61.28),

P

= 0.052). Conclusion. Tongxinluo capsule is superior to conventional treatment in improving clinical overall response rate and hemorheological indexes and is relatively safe. Due to the deficiencies of the existing studies, more high-quality studies with rigorous design are required for further verification.
FGF21 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 21) Defines a Potential Cardiohepatic Signaling Circuit in End-Stage Heart Failure
Authors: Sommakia Salah , Almaw Naredos H. , Lee Sandra H. , Ramadurai Dinesh K.A. , Taleb Iosif , Kyriakopoulos Christos P. , Stubben Chris J. , Ling Jing , Campbell Robert A. , Alharethi Rami A. , Caine William T. , Navankasattusas Sutip , Hoareau Guillaume L. , Abraham Anu E. , Fang James C. , Selzman Craig H. , Drakos Stavros G. , Chaudhuri Dipayan 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Extrinsic control of cardiomyocyte metabolism is poorly understood in heart failure (HF). FGF21 (Fibroblast growth factor 21), a hormonal regulator of metabolism produced mainly in the liver and adipose tissue, is a prime candidate for such signaling.

Methods:
To investigate this further, we examined blood and tissue obtained from human subjects with end-stage HF with reduced ejection fraction at the time of left ventricular assist device implantation and correlated serum FGF21 levels with cardiac gene expression, immunohistochemistry, and clinical parameters.

Results:

Circulating FGF21 levels were substantially elevated in HF with reduced ejection fraction, compared with healthy subjects (HF with reduced ejection fraction: 834.4 [95% CI, 628.4–1040.3] pg/mL, n=40; controls: 146.0 [86.3–205.7] pg/mL, n=20,
P
=1.9×10
−5
). There was clear FGF21 staining in diseased cardiomyocytes, and circulating FGF21 levels negatively correlated with the expression of cardiac genes involved in ketone metabolism, consistent with cardiac FGF21 signaling. FGF21 gene expression was very low in failing and nonfailing hearts, suggesting extracardiac production of the circulating hormone. Circulating FGF21 levels were correlated with BNP (B-type natriuretic peptide) and total bilirubin, markers of chronic cardiac and hepatic congestion.

Conclusions:
Circulating FGF21 levels are elevated in HF with reduced ejection fraction and appear to bind to the heart. The liver is likely the main extracardiac source. This supports a model of hepatic FGF21 communication to diseased cardiomyocytes, defining a potential cardiohepatic signaling circuit in human HF.
Acetazolamide-Challenged Arterial Spin Labeling Detects Augmented Cerebrovascular Reserve After Surgery for Moyamoya
Authors: Rao Vaishnavi L. , Prolo Laura M. , Santoro Jonathan D. , Zhang Michael , Quon Jennifer L. , Jin Michael , Iyer Aditya , Yedavalli Vivek , Lober Robert M. , Steinberg Gary K. , Yeom Kristen W. , Grant Gerald A. 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) inversely correlates with stroke risk in children with Moyamoya disease and may be improved by revascularization surgery. We hypothesized that acetazolamide-challenged arterial spin labeling MR perfusion quantifies augmentation of CVR achieved by revascularization and correlates with currently accepted angiographic scoring criteria.

Methods:
We retrospectively identified pediatric patients with Moyamoya disease or syndrome who received cerebral revascularization at ≤18 years of age between 2012 and 2019 at our institution. Using acetazolamide-challenged arterial spin labeling, we compared postoperative CVR to corresponding preoperative values and to postoperative perfusion outcomes classified by Matsushima grading.

Results:

In this cohort, 32 patients (17 males) with Moyamoya underwent 29 direct and 16 indirect extracranial-intracranial bypasses at a median 9.7 years of age (interquartile range, 7.6–15.7). Following revascularization, median CVR increased within the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery territory (6.9 mL/100 g per minute preoperatively versus 16.5 mL/100 g per minute postoperatively,
P
<0.01). No differences were observed in the ipsilateral anterior cerebral artery (
P
=0.13) and posterior cerebral artery (
P
=0.48) territories. Postoperative CVR was higher in the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery territories of patients who achieved Matsushima grade A perfusion, in comparison to those with grades B or C (25.8 versus 17.5 mL,
P
=0.02). The method of bypass (direct or indirect) did not alter relative increases in CVR (8 versus 3.8 mL/100 g per minute,
P
=0.7).

Conclusions:
Acetazolamide-challenged arterial spin labeling noninvasively quantifies augmentation of CVR following surgery for Moyamoya disease and syndrome.
Impact of Cloud-Base Turbulence on CCN Activation: Single-Size CCN
Authors: Grabowski Wojciech W. , Thomas Lois , Kumar Bipin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of cloud-base turbulence on activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). Following our previous studies, we contrast activation within a nonturbulent adiabatic parcel and an adiabatic parcel filled with turbulence. The latter is simulated by applying a forced implicit large-eddy simulation within a triply periodic computational domain of 643 m3. We consider two monodisperse CCN. Small CCN have a dry radius of 0.01 μm and a corresponding activation (critical) radius and critical supersaturation of 0.6 μm and 1.3%, respectively. Large CCN have a dry radius of 0.2 μm and feature activation radius of 5.4 μm and critical supersaturation 0.15%. CCN are assumed in 200-cm−3 concentration in all cases. Mean cloud-base updraft velocities of 0.33, 1, and 3 m s−1 are considered. In the nonturbulent parcel, all CCN are activated and lead to a monodisperse droplet size distribution above the cloud base, with practically the same droplet size in all simulations. In contrast, turbulence can lead to activation of only a fraction of all CCN with a nonzero spectral width above the cloud base, of the order of 1 μm, especially in the case of small CCN and weak mean cloud-base ascent. We compare our results to studies of the turbulent single-size CCN activation in the Pi chamber. Sensitivity simulations that apply a smaller turbulence intensity, smaller computational domain, and modified initial conditions document the impact of specific modeling assumptions. The simulations call for a more realistic high-resolution modeling of turbulent cloud-base activation.
The Orinoco Low-Level Jet and Its Association with the Hydroclimatology of Northern South America
Authors: Builes-Jaramillo Alejandro , Yepes Johanna , Salas Hernán D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe investigated the relationship between the frequency of occurrence of the Orinoco low-level jet (OLLJ) and hydroclimatic variables over northern South America. We use data from the ERA5 atmospheric reanalysis to characterize the spatial and temporal variability of the OLLJ in light of the low-level jet (LLJ) classification criteria available in the literature. An index for the frequency of occurrence of an LLJ was used, based on the hourly maxima of wind speed. The linkages among the OLLJ, water vapor flux, and precipitation were analyzed using a composite analysis. Our results show that during December–February (DJF), the OLLJ exhibits its maximum wind speed, with values around 8–10 m s−1. During DJF, the analysis shows how the OLLJ transports atmospheric moisture from the tropical North Atlantic Ocean. During this season, the predominant pathway of the OLLJ is associated with an area of moisture flux divergence located over northeastern South America. During June–August (JJA), an area of moisture flux convergence associated with the northernmost location of the ITCZ inhibits the entrance of moisture from northerlies. We also show that the occurrence of the OLLJ is associated with the so-called cross-equatorial flow. During DJF, the period of strongest activity of the OLLJ is associated with the northerly cross-equatorial flow and dry season, whereas during JJA the southerly cross-equatorial flow from the Amazon River basin predominates and contributes to the rainy season over the Orinoco region.