bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Driving Pressure–Guided Individualized Positive End-Expiratory Pressure in Abdominal Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Chengmi , Xu Fengying , Li Weiwei , Tong Xingyu , Xia Ran , Wang Wei , Du Jianer , Shi Xueyin 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND:
The optimal positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to prevent postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) remains unclear. Recent evidence showed that driving pressure was closely related to PPCs. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that an individualized PEEP guided by minimum driving pressure during abdominal surgery would reduce the incidence of PPCs.

METHODS:
This single-centered, randomized controlled trial included a total of 148 patients scheduled for open upper abdominal surgery. Patients were randomly assigned to receive an individualized PEEP guided by minimum driving pressure or an empiric fixed PEEP of 6 cm H2O. The primary outcome was the incidence of clinically significant PPCs within the first 7 days after surgery, using a χ2 test. Secondary outcomes were the severity of PPCs, the area of atelectasis, and pleural effusion. Other outcomes, such as the incidence of different types of PPCs (including hypoxemia, atelectasis, pleural effusion, dyspnea, pneumonia, pneumothorax, and acute respiratory distress syndrome), intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate, length of hospital stay, and 30-day mortality were also explored.

RESULTS:
The median value of PEEP in the individualized group was 10 cm H2O. The incidence of clinically significant PPCs was significantly lower in the individualized PEEP group compared with that in the fixed PEEP group (26 of 67 [38.8%] vs 42 of 67 [62.7%], relative risk = 0.619, 95% confidence intervals, 0.435–0.881; P = .006). The overall severity of PPCs and the area of atelectasis were also significantly diminished in the individualized PEEP group. Higher respiratory compliance during surgery and improved intra- and postoperative oxygenation was observed in the individualized group. No significant differences were found in other outcomes between the 2 groups, such as ICU admission rate or 30-day mortality.

CONCLUSIONS:
The application of individualized PEEP based on minimum driving pressure may effectively decrease the severity of atelectasis, improve oxygenation, and reduce the incidence of clinically significant PPCs after open upper abdominal surgery.
Development, validation and reliability of a questionnaire for assessment of physician's knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPs) regarding foodborne diseases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: AL-Mohaithef Mohammed 
Published: June 2021

Background: The burden of foodborne illness is considered to be high across the world. Based on the Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) model, physician’s awareness is essential for conducting individualized treatments, thus reducing the burden of foodborne illness. However, there have been no validated questionnaires specific to the awareness of physicians with foodborne diseases. This study aims to develop and validate a KAP questionnaire for physicians to assess their awareness about the diagnosis and management of foodborne illness. Methods The questionnaire was developed in three phases: a comprehensive literature review, face and content validity, followed by a reliability test by internal consistency. A cross-sectional study was designed in Abha, Saudi Arabia. Physicians (n=125) were opportunistically recruited from both public and private primary healthcare centers. The questionnaire’s content and validity were confirmed by experts in their corresponding fields. After signing the informed consent, the study participants received the questionnaire to evaluate their KAPs on foodborne diseases. Results: A total of 160 physicians from both public and private primary health care centers were approached to enrol 125 study participants into the survey (response rate 78.13%). Of the 31 items designed for assessing the KAP of physicians on foodborne illnesses, three items were excluded after Cronbach’s α analysis. In total, 29 items were included in the final set of the questionnaire. Results of different validity and reliability analyses suggest the questionnaire has a high face and content validity as well as good reliability in internal consistency and stability. Conclusions: This study introduces a newly developed questionnaire with good reliability and validity values that can assess physician’s awareness of foodborne disease. The awareness questionnaire, as a study instrument, had a favourable acceptance among physicians. It is a sound method for evaluating and measuring levels of foodborne disease-related awareness among physicians in Abha, Saudi Arabia.
Shifting dynamics: Changes in the relationship between total fertility rate and contraceptive prevalence rate in Jordan between 2012 and 2017
Authors: Bietsch Kristin , Arbaji Ali , Mason Jennifer , Rosenberg Rebecca , Al Ouri Malak 
Published: June 2021

Background: Between the two most recent Population and Family Health Surveys, Jordan saw a dramatic decline in the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) from 3.5 to 2.7 in 5.5 years. Over the same period, modern contraceptive use also declined, from 61.2% to 51.8% among married women. This decrease in both TFR and the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) diverges from the typical relationship seen between these two factors whereby historically as CPR increases, TFR decreases. This paper explores this unique pattern using multiple methodologies. Methods: First, we validate the survey data using nationally collected data on fertility and contraceptive distribution. Second, we look to changes that have historically influenced changes in CPR and TFR, including changes in ideal family size and wanted fertility rates. Third, we explore proximate determinants and other influences on fertility and changes in contraception, examining the changes in the method mix and unmet need; marriage patterns, including the demographics of the married population, spousal separation, and time since last sex; postpartum insusceptibility; infecundity, both primary and secondary; and abortion, to see if any have shifted significantly enough to allow for fertility to decline with less contraceptive use. Results: We find that the decline in fertility in Jordan was driven by a reduction in mistimed or unwanted pregnancies and there was a significant increase in the share of reproductive aged women who are infecund. We also concluded that the changes in fertility and contraceptive use are driven by changes in Jordanian nationals, not by the growing Syrian refugee population. Conclusions: Jordan is not the only country to be experiencing a shift in the typical relationship between CPR and TFR. Results can inform both future approaches for family planning programs and our expectations regarding what kind of change our family planning investments might buy.
Optimising the Timing of whooping cough Immunisation in MUMs: a randomised controlled trial investigating the timing of pertussis vaccination in pregnancy (OpTIMUM): a protocol paper
Authors: Calvert Anna , Karampatsas Konstantinos , Andrews Nick , England Anna , Hallis Bassam , Jones Christine E. , Khalil Asma , Le Doare Kirsty , Matheson Mary , Snape Matthew D. , Heath Paul T. ,   OpTIMUM Study Group
Published: June 2021

Background: Pertussis is a highly infectious respiratory illness caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis. A resurgence of pertussis, even in countries with good vaccine coverage, has led to an increase in infant deaths. In response to this, many countries have introduced pertussis vaccination in pregnancy. This strategy is effective at preventing infant disease, but there remains uncertainty about what gestational timing is best to ensure maximal protection of the infant. These uncertainties are the rationale for this randomised controlled trial and a sub-study investigating pertussis-specific antibody in breastmilk. Protocol: We will recruit 354 pregnant women and will randomise them to receive their pertussis vaccination in one of three gestational age windows: ≤23+6, 24-27+6 and 28-31+6 weeks of gestation. Vaccination will be with Boostrix-IPV® and participants will be asked to complete a symptom diary for seven days following vaccination. Blood sampling will be performed prior to vaccination, two weeks following vaccination and at the time of delivery. A cord blood sample will be collected at delivery and a blood sample collected from the infant 4-10 weeks after completion of the primary immunisations. Individuals participating in the breastmilk sub-study will provide a sample of colostrum within 48 hours of delivery and samples of breastmilk at two weeks and around five-six months. Blood samples will be analysed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques for pertussis toxin, filamentous haemagglutinin and pertactin. A subset of serum samples will also be analysed using a functional assay. Colostrum and breastmilk samples will be analysed using functional assays. Discussion: Although pertussis vaccination has been shown to be safe and effective in pregnancy there remains debate about the optimal timing for the administration during pregnancy. This study will investigate antibody responses in serum and breastmilk when vaccination is performed in three different time periods. Clinicaltrials.gov registration: NCT03908164 (09/04/2019)
Human movement patterns of farmers and forest workers from the Thailand-Myanmar border
Authors: Tun Sai Thein Than , Min Myo Chit , Aguas Ricardo , Fornace Kimberly , Htoo Gay Nay , White Lisa J. , Parker Daniel M. 
Published: June 2021

Background: Human travel patterns play an important role in infectious disease epidemiology and ecology. Movement into geographic spaces with high transmission can lead to increased risk of acquiring infections. Pathogens can also be distributed across the landscape via human travel. Most fine scale studies of human travel patterns have been done in urban settings in wealthy nations. Research into human travel patterns in rural areas of low- and middle-income nations are useful for understanding the human components of epidemiological systems for malaria or other diseases of the rural poor. The goal of this research was to assess the feasibility of using GPS loggers to empirically measure human travel patterns in this setting, as well as to quantify differing travel patterns by age, gender, and seasonality. Methods: In this pilot study we recruited 50 rural villagers from along the Myanmar-Thailand border to carry GPS loggers for the duration of a year. The GPS loggers were programmed to take a time-stamped reading every 30 minutes. We calculated daily movement ranges and multi-day trips by age and gender. We incorporated remote sensing data to assess patterns of days and nights spent in forested or farm areas, also by age and gender. Results: Our study showed that it is feasible to use GPS devices to measure travel patterns, though we had difficulty recruiting women and management of the project was relatively intensive. We found that older adults traveled farther distances than younger adults and adult males spent more nights in farms or forests. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that further work along these lines would be feasible in this region. Furthermore, the results from this study are useful for individual-based models of disease transmission and land use.
Short Communication: The resistance of Styrax sumatrana wood of varying growth sites and stem axial positions to subterranean termite (Coptotermes curvignathus) attack
Authors: Iswanto Apri Heri , Tambunan Joel , Susilowati Arida , Hartono Rudi , Darwis Atmawi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Iswanto AH, Tambunan J, Susilowati A, Hartono R, Darwis A. 2021. Short Communication: The resistance of Styrax sumatrana wood of varying growth sites and stem axial positions to subterranean termite (Coptotermes curvignathus) attack. Biodiversitas 22: 3192-3198. As mega-biodiversity country, Indonesia consists of a large number of flora and fauna, including wood-destroying organisms such as termites. One of the native trees known as a resin producer is Tobanese incense (Styrax sumatrana). The existence of this species has been studied for several wood properties such as physical, mechanical, and chemical properties, while its natural durability against termite attack has not been studied. As a country known as a haven for termites, the study on incense wood durability is very important for further utilization. The objective of this research was to analyze the natural durability of S. sumatrana wood from two growing locations and different stem positions using a graveyard test. The Graveyard test method was used to investigate the mass loss and percentage of damage of the sampled woods. The test sample used is 2x2x20 cm3 in size. The sample is buried as deep as 15 cm and leaving 5 cm of the part that is above the soil surface. The distance between the samples is 60 cm. The results obtained from this study indicated that the incense wood originating from Pakpak Bharat and North Tapanuli districts can be classified as durable class V (Vulnerable category) and severely damaged (E category) with the respective mass loss percentages ranging from 22.03-31.70% and 18.46-20.79% and damage percentages ranging from 86.55-96.27% and 78.02-86.32%. In conclusion, the positions of the stem and the sites where it grows caused a difference in the natural durability value of Styrax sumatrana wood. The incense wood originating from North Tapanuli District had slightly better durability against subterranean termite attacks than that from Pakpak Bharat District, although overall the samples from these two sites fell into the same durability class.
Genetic diversity of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. strains in Java based on random amplified polymorphic DNA markers
Authors: EKOWATI NURAENI , MUMPUNI ARIS , MULJOWATI JUNI SAFITRI , RATNANINGTYAS NUNIEK INA , MAHARNING ARDHINI RIN 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Ekowati N, Mumpuni A, Muljowati JS, Ratnaningtyas NI, Maharning AR. 2021. Genetic diversity of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm. strains in Java based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers. Biodiversitas 22: 3488-3493. Genetic variation in a fungal population can occur due to mutation and recombination, resulting in changes in the nucleotides that encode specific DNA sequences. Strains with a high genetic distance and good production capabilities can be used to develop genetic breeding. This study aimed to investigate genetic relationship among Pleurotus ostreatus strains cultivated in Java (Bogor, Cianjur, Tasikmalaya, Purwokerto, Yogyakarta, Tawangmangu, Malang, and Madiun) based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The research method consisted of DNA isolation and DNA amplification using six primers, i.e. OPA2, OPA3, OPA4, OPA7, OPA9, and OPA10. DNA band data were analyzed using NTSYSpc21 software to determine the level of genetic similarity, based on the Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Average Algorithm (UPGMA). In all, 101 amplified DNA bands were obtained, with sizes ranging from 136 to 2320 bp and 96.0% of the bands were polymorphic. Based on cluster analysis, it shows that three clusters were formed. There were genetic variations and relationships among eight P. ostreatus strains in Java with a genetic similarity varying from 37-98%.
Seeking celestial positronium with an OH-suppressed diffraction-limited spectrograph
Authors: Robertson Gordon , Ellis Simon , Yu Qingshan , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Betters Christopher , Roth Martin , Leon-Saval Sergio 
Published: June 2021

Celestially, positronium (Ps) has been observed only through gamma-ray emission produced by its annihilation. However, in its triplet state, a Ps atom has a mean lifetime long enough for electronic transitions to occur between quantum states. This produces a recombination spectrum observable in principle at near IR wavelengths, where angular resolution greatly exceeding that of the gamma-ray observations is possible. However, the background in the near IR is dominated by extremely bright atmospheric hydroxyl (OH) emission lines. In this paper, we present the design of a diffraction-limited spectroscopic system using novel photonic components—a photonic lantern, OH fiber Bragg grating filters, and a photonic TIGER 2D pseudo-slit—to observe the Ps Balmer alpha line at 1.3122 µm for the first time, to our knowledge.
Temperature-compensated optical fiber sensor for volatile organic compound gas detection based on cholesteric liquid crystal
Authors: Hu Jianyang , Chen Yuzhou , Ma Zhenyu , Zeng Li , Zhou Dong , Peng Zenghui , Sun Weimin , Liu Yongjun 
Published: June 2021

External temperature variations inevitably affect the accuracy of a liquid crystal sensor. Therefore, we propose a novel temperature-compensated fiber volatile organic compound (VOC, using acetone as a model compound) gas sensor. The proposed sensor consists of a short segment of hollow-core fiber (HCF), which is spliced on a multimode fiber. Cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) is sealed into HCF to sense the temperature, and another type of CLC is coated on the end face of HCF for VOC gas detection. The VOC gas concentration and ambient temperature can be simultaneously measured by monitoring the wavelength shifts of two Bragg reflection peaks caused by two types of CLCs. The effects of the CLC thickness on the sensitivities of temperature and acetone concentration are investigated, and optimal parameters are chosen. An optimal sensor can reach a temperature sensitivity of 2.53 nm/°C and acetone concentration sensitivity of 48.46 nm·L/mmol at 8–44°C. In addition, temperature compensation capability, repeatability, response time, and stability are also researched. The experimental results prove this sensor has great application potential in high-precision real-time VOC gas monitoring and detection.
Nonlinear fiber system for shot-noise limited intensity noise suppression and amplification
Authors: Edelmann Marvin , Hua Yi , Şafak Kemal , Kärtner Franz X. 
Published: June 2021

We propose a nonlinear fiber system for shot-noise limited, all-optical intensity noise reduction and signal amplification. The mechanism is based on the accumulation of different nonlinear phase shifts between orthogonal polarization modes in a polarization-maintaining fiber amplifier in combination with an implemented sinusoidal transmission function. The resulting correlation between the input intensity fluctuations and the system transmission enables tunable intensity noise reduction of the input pulse train. In the experiment, the noise spectral density of a mode-locked oscillator is suppressed by up to 20 dB to the theoretical shot-noise limit of the measurement at

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with simultaneous pulse amplification of 13.5 dB.
Cambios generados por la COVID-19 en la práctica formativa e investigativa en Trabajo Social: oportunidades, dilemas y retos para la investigación social
Authors: Mejía Ospina Paola Ximena , Velásquez López Paula Andrea 
Published: June 2021

Introducción. Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación que tuvo como objetivo analizar las condiciones que docentes y estudiantes de Trabajo Social tuvieron para realizar investigaciones científicas o trabajos de fin de carrera durante la crisis de la COVID-19. Se asumió la perspectiva comprensivista de las ciencias sociales, desde autores que debaten la racionalidad técnico-instrumental y que plantean, en contraposición, la necesidad de una racionalidad práctico-reflexiva tanto en la práctica profesional como en la formación en Trabajo Social. Los autores llamados a dialogar proceden de la Filosofía, la Sociología y el Trabajo Social, con posturas frente los conceptos de “saber práctico”, “proceso reflexivo”, “reflexividad” y “conocimiento en la acción”. Metodología. El diseño metodológico se sustentó en una lectura emic de la realidad. Se utilizó una muestra aleatoria simple por conveniencia, a partir de criterios muestrales como: ubicación geográfica, cargo ocupado en las universidades y experiencia en investigación. Como técnicas se utilizaron la revisión documental, para el análisis de 42 proyectos de tesis, y la entrevista semiestructurada a siete (7) académicos-investigadores —de cuatro (4) países de América Latina— y a once (11) estudiantes que cumplían con: encontrarse en el semestre de fin de carrera, pertenecer a una universidad de la ciudad de Guayaquil y estar investigando temas relacionados con la pandemia. Resultados. Teniendo en cuenta cuatro dimensiones: el contexto, la práctica investigativa y la producción científica de docentes, la tutoría de la producción académica de los estudiantes de fin de carrera y la formación investigativa en Trabajo Social, se hicieron evidentes las alteraciones en las voces de lo que implicó la pandemia en la cotidianidad para quienes estaban realizando algún proyecto de investigación o formando nuevos investigadores. Las dinámicas personales producto del virus han redireccionado y, sobre todo, producido aprendizajes que nutren la posibilidad de describir, explicar y comprender nuevas dinámicas para formar y producir conocimiento. Discusión y conclusiones. Se plantean nuevos retos o dilemas para la investigación en Trabajo Social, en tanto que la pandemia —como hecho sociohistórico y bio-psico-social— evidenció que las desigualdades y las vulnerabilidades sociales no necesariamente están solo en el plano de la materialidad física o de tener los recursos tecnológicos a disposición (un computador, un celular, internet, servicio de energía); esto, si acaso, modificará los presupuestos en las investigaciones para dotar de estas materialidades a las personas vinculadas. Además, existen en otro plano: el subjetivo, en el cual la cultura, el territorio, la clase o el género, entre otros, determinan vulneraciones más complejas que en el mundo simbólico al que pertenecen y no es posible resolverlas con una simple inversión material o tecnológica.
Ni–Ru-containing mixed oxide-based composites as precursors for ethanol steam reforming catalysts: Effect of the synthesis methods on the structural and catalytic properties
Authors: Naurzkulova Symbat Muratbekovna , Arapova Marina Vasilievna , Ishchenko Arcady Vladimirovich , Krieger Tamara Andreevna , Saraev Andrei Aleksandrovich , Kaichev Vasilii Vasilievich , Rogov Vladimir Alekseevich , Krasnov Aleksei Vyacheslavovich , Massalimova Bakytgul Kabykenovna , Sadykov Vladislav Aleksandrovich 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ethanol steam reforming catalyst’s precursors, i.e., nanocomposites of complex oxides with the general formula [Pr0.15Sm0.15Ce0.35Zr0.35O2 + LaMn0.45Ni0.45Ru0.1O3] (1:1 by mass), were synthesized by three different methods. It was shown that two synthesis methods – ultrasonic dispersion and sequential polymeric method, lead to the formation of the nanocomposite perovskite–fluorite system with the specific surface area up to 50 m2/g. Reduction of samples at 400–500°C lead to the formation of Ni–Ru alloy nanoparticles strongly bound with the surface of oxide nanocomposite. Catalytic tests in ethanol steam reforming reaction at 500–600°C showed the highest specific activity of the sample prepared by the sequential polymeric method due to the location of Ni- and Ru-containing perovskite mainly on the surface of the composite providing a high concentration of active metal centers. At higher temperatures for all samples, ethanol conversion approached 100% with hydrogen yield varying in the range of 65–75%. A study of spent catalysts confirmed the absence of carbon deposits after long-term catalytic tests at 650°C.