bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MEAN SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS IN TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN PAKISTANI POPULATION
Authors: Ali Kamran , Raza Qasim , Maka Tarique Ahmed 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To evaluate the mean serum ferritin in type-2 diabetic patients.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar, from Sep 2014 to Feb 2015.
Methodology: A total of one hundred patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus fulfilling inclusion criteria were selected. Blood sample was collected from all patients by the clean-catch technique after they received standardized verbal instructions. Blood samples were seen by classified pathologist in the laboratory.
Results: Mean age of patients was 55.51 ± 5.40 years with 60% male gender predominating the overall sample of diabetics. Mean serum ferritin was 219 ± 70.67 ng/ml and mean HbA1c was 7.24 ± 0.61%. Stratification with regard to age and gender was also carried out.
Conclusion: Serum ferritin levels were observed raised in type-2 diabetics, suggestive of possible role in the pathogenesis of type-2 diabetes mellitus. We recommend further research work over its pathogenesis so that the guidelines for its control may be formulated.
SHORT AND LONG TERM FOLLOW UP RESULTS OF (THE VERSATILE) GASTROCNEMIUS MUSCLE FLAP
Authors: Ali Ghazanfar , Hameed Shahid , Majid Abdul , Ahmad Rao Saud , Butt Ahsan Masood , Javed Rana Hassan 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To see the long and short term outcome of the Gastrocnemius muscle flap for coverage of soft tissue defects of knee and proximal Tibia.
Study Design: Case series.
Place and Duration of Study: Surgery Department of Combined Military Hospital Bahawalpur, from Dec 2014 to Oct 2017.
Methodology: A total of 33 patients were enrolled for the study through consecutive sampling. Data was processed using SPSS-17. All patients were followed up at first and second week (early morbidity), and then at 06 months (late morbidity) from operation. During early follow up, they were examined for Hematoma at donor site, wound Infection, sural nerve injury, partial skin graft loss and Partial Flap Necrosis. In late follow up patients were examined for reduced Knee mobility and Gastrocnemius muscle contractions.
Results: The studied 33 patients consisted of 30 (90.90%) men and 3 (9.09%) women. The mean age was 35 years (range: 16 to 64) years. Hematoma was commonest complication. It occurred in 6.06%. Wound infection, partial loss of flap, partial loss of skin graft and wound infection occurred in 3.03% patients. Late follow up revealed reduced knee mobility in 9.09% patients (n=3) and bothersome contraction of gastrocnemius muscle in same number of patients.
Conclusion: The gastrocnemius flap is reliable, versatile, and very useful for provision of supple soft tissue coverage for defects around the knee and the upper leg.
OPTIMIZING CLINICAL APPROACH TO THE FORM OF DELIVERY DURING PREGNANCY IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC DISEASE; A REVIEW OF THE EFFECTS OF PRACTICE CHANGE BY CONCURRING TO INTERNATIONAL GUIDELINES
Authors: Khalil Adiba Akhtar , Akhtar Khurram 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To assess if adherence to international guidelines for pregnant cardiac patients’ mode of delivery is achievable with available local resources.
Study Design: Prospective quasi experimental descriptive study.
Place and Duration of Study: All Pregnant patients with cardiac disease reporting to Armed Forces Institute of Cardiac Disease/National Institute of Heart Disease (AFIC/NIHD) who were admitted for and were delivered from Oct 2009 to Sep 2011 were included in the study.
Methodology: International guidelines and recommendations for mode of delivery for cardiac patients with pregnancy were followed for patients. Caesarean sections were reserved only for obstetrical reasons and absolute cardiac indications. The patients with first trimester miscarriage were not included. Data was collected on a personal computer Microsoft excel sheet. Frequency was calculated from the data entered. The reduction in caesarean section rate and increase in vaginal delivery rate as per guidelines without an increase in maternal mortality, was the main outcome.
Results: Total of 221 patients were delivered in the 2 year period between October 2009 to September 2011 at AFIC/NIHD. The caesarean section rate the year before 2008-2009 had been 48.6%. After the change in practice by concurring to international guidelines, the caesarean section rate for the 2 year period dropped to 26.7%. The hospital maternal deaths were 5. This was slightly better to the year 2008-2009 which had 3 maternal deaths.
Conclusion: It’s possible to adhere to international recommendations and protocols for pregnant cardiac patients and achieve internationally comparable outcome in terms of mode of delivery without increasing current institutional maternal mortality rate with local hospital resources.
EFFECT OF PREANALYTICAL VARIABLES ON SERUM THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE ANALYSIS BY CHEMILUMINESCENCE METHOD
Authors: Rehman Ambreen , Asif Naveed , Malik Saima Shakeel , Sheikh Waqas , . Quratulain , Khadim Muhammad Tahir 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To identify effect of pre-analytical variables on serum thyroid stimulating hormone.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) Rawalpindi, Department of Chemical Pathology & Endocrinology, from Mar 2018 to Aug 2018.
Methodology: Hundred subjects with ages ranging from 18 to 34 years, irrespective of gender, were randomly selected for this study. Five milliliters venous blood sample was collected from each subject in a serum separator and divided into two aliquots. First aliquot was centrifuged and analyzed immediately for TSH, while second aliquot was stored for 24 hours and was then analyzed. TSH was measured by third generation assay usingchemiluminescence technique on ADVIA Centaur® XP. Serum TSH levels were also analyzed twice daily; in the morning (0800 to 0900 hours) and afternoon (1400 to 1600 hours). Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Frequency and percentages were calculated for qualitative variables like gender and pre-analytical variables. Test of significance Mann-Whitney U-test was applied and p-value <0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: Mean age of subjects was 23 ± 3.4 years. Change in circadian rhythm was observed in 17 (28%) males and 14 (36%) females. Statistically significant association was found between morning and evening TSH levels, while no change was observed in TSH level by early and late centrifugation of samples.
Conclusion: TSH levels vary significantly between blood samples collected at different timings of the day from the same person. TSH is resistant to degradation, immunologically stable, and reasonably insensitive to potential problems associated with routine specimen handling, when measured by immunoassay technique. Therefore, it is helpful in large epidemiological studies and small size laboratory, which require long transportation time and storage.
Cevdet Bey ve Oğulları’nda Sosyopolitik Değişim ve Türkiye
Authors: TURNA Murat 
Published: January 2021

Orhan Pamuk’un ilk romanı olan Cevdet Bey ve Oğulları, sanatçının eserlerindeki temel izleği verir. Kimlik meselesi, sosyal değişim, politik çalkantılar ve Türkiye’nin panoraması Pamuk’un, ilk romanından itibaren hemen her romanında işlenir. Cevdet Bey ve Oğulları ise panoramik özelliğe sahiptir ve bir aile, nesiller romanıdır.
Bu kitabı roman kahramanlarının hayatı algılayış biçimleri, anlam arayışları, yaşam biçimlerinin farklılaşması ve toplum düzenindeki değişim yanları ile ele almak; Türk toplumunun ve Türkiye’nin, Türk romanına nasıl yansıdığını belirlemeye katkı sağlar. Pamuk’un roman kronolojisinin başlangıcında yer alan bu esere dair yapılacak tespitler, sanatçının sonraki romanlarında, bu hususları ne şekilde işlediğini yorumlamaya da yardımcı olur. Benzer temaları işlemiş yazarlarla kıyaslanması hâlinde, Pamuk’un kurgusal bir dünya inşa ederken sergilediği özel tavrın anlaşılması kolaylaşır. Nihayetinde eser, sanatçının ilgileri, beğeni ve tercihleri ile şekillenen bir yapıdır. Makalenin amacı da hem sosyopolitik değişimlerin Türk romanında nasıl tezahür ettiğini göstermek hem de Pamuk’un yazarlık serüvenin ve şahsi perspektifinin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlamaktır.
Arşiv Belgeleri Işığında Rodoscuk’ta Demografik Yapı (1785-1839)
Authors: DOĞANAY Pınar 
Published: January 2021

Rodoscuk’un demografik yapısında meydana gelen değişimin tarihsel süreç içerisinde ele alındığı bu çalışmada; Rodoscuk’un tarihi ve genel yapısı üzerine bilgi verildikten sonra şehirdeki mevcut demografik yapıya odaklanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda ilk olarak tahrir, avârız, nüzul hane ve nüfus sayım kayıtları tespit edilmiş ardından bu kayıtlardan elde edilen veriler sayısallaştırılarak yüzyıllara göre ayrı ayrı tablolaştırılmıştır. Bu veriler neticesinde; başlangıçta sadece Rumlara ait bir yerleşim yeri olan Rodoscuk’un zamanla bu kimliğinden sıyrılarak Türkler, Rumlar, Ermeniler ve Yahudilerin yaşadığı kozmopolit bir yapıya dönüştüğü tespit edilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Rodoscuk, Nüfus, Türk, Rum, Ermeni.
Poetics in the Time of Pandemic. There is Always Going to be a Before and an After
Authors: Correa Liliana Edith 
Published: January 2021

Poetics in times of pandemic: There is always going to be a ‘before’ and ‘after’

This paper briefly explores a number of different themes affecting us as creatives living in lockdown in Sydney. Sharing our personal story of how we imagined our lives would be before COVID 19 and the changes we observed after entering in Pandemic mode. Intertwining images taken with a mobile phone and text, we offer our observations on the evolving new language that appears around us, in supermarkets, on walls and on the footpath. Signs determining social interactions and affecting behaviour day by day. We also touch on the idea of how writing can bring us home and make us feel closer to our languages and countries of origin. We mention the importance of the survival of theatre to tell stories from the time of the pandemic. Governments have been found wanting, due to lack of care of the most vulnerable people, in particular First Nations. We reflect on the need for reinvention accepting change and reassessing our human values bringing awareness about our links to the natural world. As the pandemic takes us from one stage to the next, for us there is one possible space of relief and hope. This is within the space of creativity, from here we can make sense of our new reality while contributing to a collective sense of humanity.
PENGARUH WAKTU PERENDAMAN AIR LAUT TERHADAP MUTU PERKERASAN HOT ROLLED SHEET A (HRS A)
Authors: Jusmidah Jusmidah 
Published: January 2021

Musuh utama jalan raya dengan perkerasan aspal adalah air. Untuk mendapatkan taksiran yang lebih teliti dari permasalahan tersebut perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan uji laboratorium tentang, pengaruh genangan / rendaman air (khususnya yang bersifat asin) serta lama waktu rendaman terhadap kualitas campuran beraspal panas. Desain campuran yang dipakai adalah desain untuk jenis campuran HRS A (Hot Rolled Sheet A). Dalam Penelitian ini sampel air laut yang digunakan sebagai air perendaman berasal dari lokasi Teluk Bone yang berhubungan langsung dengan daerah Jalan Lingkar Timur Kota Palopo.Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dan analisa data karakteristik Marshall yang diakibatkan oleh pengaruh rendaman air laut terhadap mutu perkerasan HRS A, diperoleh hasil bahwa mutu perkerasan HRS A hanya dapat bertahan selama 4 jam akibat rendaman air laut. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa rendaman atau genangan air laut dapat merusak keawetan mutu perkerasan. Setelah melakukan uji perendaman menggunakan air laut diperoleh Indeks Stabilitas Sisa (IRS) pada rentang waktu perendaman 24 jam yaitu sebesar 32,92%. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh pengaruh air laut yang merusak lapisan aspal yang menyelimuti perkerasan sehingga perekatan antar agregat semakin berkurang. Ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai VIM (Void in Mix) untuk rentang waktu 24 jam mencapai 7,99%.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN KUAT TEKAN MORTAR DARI MATERIAL PASIR PUTIH DAN PASIR BIASA SUNGAI MASAMBA
Authors: Sulaiman Lusman , Nurhidayah Nurhidayah 
Published: January 2021

Sumber utama pasir berasal dari sungai atau daerah pantai yang memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda-beda, baik kekuatan tekan maupun tampak warna fisiknya. Perlu diketahui perbandingan sifat kekuatan material mortar dengan menggunakan campuran pasir putih (CPP) dan biasa (CPB) sungai masamba dan korelasi keduanya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen laboratorium pada 72 benda uji berbentuk kubus dengan ukuran 15 x 10 x 15 cm yang dibentuk secara manual sesuai proses pembuatannya di lapangan. Benda uji diletakkan di area terbuka untuk proses pengeringan selama variasi waktu 7, 14, 21, 28 hari. Tiga kategori campuran benda uji dibuat yaitu 1PC : 3PS (A), 1PC: 4PS (B), dan 1PC : 5PS (C) pasir untuk dua jenis pasir dengan Faktor Air Semen (FAS) 0.45. Nilai rata-rata hasil pengujian terdiri dari 3 buah sampel uji dari pengujian menggunakan mesin uji kuat tekan. Mutu rencana penelitian ini merujuk pada SNI 03-0349-1989 tentang kategori bata beton untuk pasangan dinding. Hasil pengujian kuat tekan memperlihatkan bahwa kuat tekan bata beton untuk material CPP mencapai maksimum 28 hari pada campuran A dengan nilai sebesar 151.77 kg/cm² sedangkan material CPB pada campuran A dengan nilai 161.10 kg/cm². Korelasi kedua material CPP dan CPB menggambarkan relasi tinggi sebesar R²=0.9738 pada campuran A
ALTERNATIF STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN PAI DI TENGAH WABAH COVID-19
Authors: Iqbal M. , Siahaan Abdurrahman , Mustafa Ahmad , Ramadhan Bertha Zulmiadi 
Published: January 2021

In a pandemic like today, alternative strategies in learning are needed by utilizing technology which for now can be said to be advanced and sophisticated, but we cannot rule out the possibility of learning that is carried out online which causes pros and cons both from teachers, students and parents of students, especially those who have a poor economy, innovation and creativity of teachers as educators are needed, at least with the innovation in learning strategies during Covid-19 this can make it easier for students to understand and get education even though they cannot learn face-to-face with teachers or educators. So the teachers, especially the PAI teachers at Mts. N simuelue Aceh, has tried to make several innovations in learning strategies during the Covid-19 period. If before the Covid-19 pandemic the learning strategy carried out at Mts. N 02 simuelue, is a deductive and inductive strategy. A deductive learning strategy is a strategy that is carried out by studying the concepts first, then looking for conclusions and illustrations from the material learned from abstract things then going to concrete things and commonly called general to specific learning strategies. In contrast, the inductive learning strategy is learning done from understanding concrete things and then being exposed to complex and difficult material and is commonly called a special to general learning strategy. However, after the Covid-19 pandemic the teachers pursued innovation and adopted alternative strategies, namely by applying the cooperative e-learning method, carrying out learning by prioritizing student activity and cooperation with one another to keep students enthusiastic and to maintain solidarity and feeling. mutual respect even when learning is done online.
This study aims to make us understand the extent of innovation of the Pai teachers at Mts. N 02 Simuelue on creativity in learning amid the covid-19 outbreak.
OPTIMASI PERTUMBUHAN ISOLAT FUNGI INDIGEN Penicillium sp. LBKURCC153 PENDEGRADASI NAFTALENA MENGGUNAKAN GLUKOSA SEBAGAI KOSUBSTRAT PADA MINIMAL MEDIUM
Authors: Fitrida Aisyah , Novianty Riryn , Saryono Saryono , Awaluddin Amir , Pratiwi Nova Wahyu 
Published: January 2021

Naftalena merupakan salah satu polutan yang sulit untuk didegradasi karena termasuk kedalam kelompok PAH dan bersifat karsinogenik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efektifitas isolat fungi indigen dari Provinsi Riau untuk mendegradasi senyawa toksik naftalena dengan penambahan glukosa sebagai kosubstrat pertumbuhan. Degradasi naftalena oleh isolat fungi dipengaruhi oleh beberapa parameter, diantaranya biomassa, pH dan persentase degradasi yang diukur pada 0, 4, 8, 12 dan 16 hari inkubasi. Berdasarkan dari parameter biomassa isolat fungi Penicillium sp. LBKURCC153 mengalami fase eksponensial sampai hari ke-16. Pada fase eksponensial terjadi pertambahan jumlah sel secara maksimum yang menunjukkan respon positif terhadap penggunaan glukosa dan naftalena sebagai sumber karbon dan energi. Isolat mengalami penurunan pH dari 7 sampai 3,8 yang artinya ada aktivitas pertumbuhan yang menghasilkan asam-asam organik dari proses degradasi naftalena. Isolat juga mampu mendegradasi naftalena sebesar 27,5% oleh Penicillium sp. LBKURCC153 pada media dengan penambahan glukosa pada waktu optimum selama 4 hari inkubasi. Kesimpulannya, penambahan kosubstrat glukosa dapat meningkatkan persentase degradasi naftalena oleh Penicillium sp. LBKURCC153
PERBEDAAN PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA SISWA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN THINK TALK WRITE DENGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN TIME TOKEN
Authors: Harefa Darmawan 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode quasi eksperimen.Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Fanayama. Sampel penelitian ini adalah kelas VII-A dengan jumlah siswa 22 orang dan kelas VII-B dengan jumlah siswa 24 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah, tes hasil belajar yang terbagi atas dua yaitu tes awal dan tes akhir. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data yang telah dilaksanakan dan perhitungan uji hipotesis diperoleh nilai thitung = 2,898 ttabel = 1,68, maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa menggunakan model pembelajaran Think Talk Write dengan model pembelajaran Time Token maka hasil dari itu model pembelajaran Think Talk Write lebih diunggulkan karena model pembelajaran ini dapat mendorong siswa dalam menumbuh kembangkan kemampuan untuk memahami materi fisika yang diajarkan dan kemudian menuliskan inti-inti dari materi tersebut sehingga siswa dapat merumuskan pengetahuan yang didapat dalam bahasa nya sendiri dibanding dengan model pembelajaran Time Token
PENGARUH TEKNIK PENILAIAN dan METODE BELAJAR TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN METAKOGNISI BIOLOGI (Eksperimen pada SMA Negeri di Kota Bekasi)
Authors: Fauzan Ahmad 
Published: January 2021

Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menguji kebenaran hipotesis mengenai pengaruh teknik penilaian dan metode belajar terhadap pemahaman metakognisi biologi. Hipotesis penelitian yang diuji meliputi: 1)Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan metode pembelajaran terhadap kemampuan metakognisi biologi. 2)Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan teknik penilaian terhadap kemampuan metakognisi biologi. 3)Terdapat pengaruh interaksi yang signifikan antara teknik penilaian dan metode pembelajaran terhadap kemampuan metakognisi biologi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode eksperimen. Populasi adalah siswa kelas X SMA Negeri di Kota Bekasi dengan besar sampel sebanyak 80 siswa, dengan teknik sampling yang digunakan yaitu simple random sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu tes pemahaman metakognisi bentuk essay sebanyak 10 soal yang telah diuji homogenitasnya dengan besar χ2hitung<χtabel (4,46 < 7,81). Analisis data menggunakan analysis of varians (ANOVA) dua jalur atau arah. Hasil pengujian hipotesis diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut: 1) Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan metode pembelajaran terhadap kemampuan metakognisi biologi hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan Sig. 0,000 < 0,05 dan Fh 27,715. 2)Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan teknik penilaian terhadap kemampuan metakognisi biologi hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan Sig. 0,000 < 0,05 dan Fh 17,478. 3) Terdapat pengaruh interaksi yang signifikan antara teknik penilaian dan metode pembelajaran terhadap kemampuan metakognisi biologi hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan Sig. 0,048 < 0,05 dan Fh 4,052. Hasil penelitian ini berguna untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran dan penilaian sehingga mampu untuk mengoptimalisasi pemahaman metakognisi biologi di tingkat SMA.

Kata kunci: metakognisi, protista, teknik penilaian, metode belajar.
Last interglacial (MIS 5e) sea-level proxies in southeastern South America
Authors: Gowan Evan J. , Rovere Alessio , Ryan Deirdre D. , Richiano Sebastian , Montes Alejandro , Pappalardo Marta , Aguirre Marina L. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Coastal southeast South America is one of the classic locations where there are robust, spatially extensive records of past high sea level. Sea-level proxies interpreted as last interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage 5e, MIS 5e) exist along the length of the Uruguayan and Argentinian coast with exceptional preservation especially in Patagonia. Many coastal deposits are correlated to MIS 5e solely because they form the next-highest terrace level above the Holocene highstand; however, dating control exists for some landforms from amino acid racemization, U∕Th (on molluscs), electron spin resonance (ESR), optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL), and radiocarbon dating (which provides minimum ages). As part of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS) database, we have compiled a total of 60 MIS 5 proxies attributed, with various degrees of precision, to MIS 5e. Of these, 48 are sea-level indicators, 11 are marine-limiting indicators (sea level above the elevation of the indicator), and 1 is terrestrial limiting (sea level below the elevation of the indicator). Limitations on the precision and accuracy of chronological controls and elevation measurements mean that most of these indicators are considered to be low quality. The database is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3991596 (Gowan et al., 2020).
Observing traveling waves in glaciers with remote sensing: new flexible time series methods and application to Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ), Greenland
Authors: Riel Bryan , Minchew Brent , Joughin Ian 
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The recent influx of remote sensing data provides new opportunities for quantifying spatiotemporal variations in glacier surface velocity and elevation fields. Here, we introduce a flexible time series reconstruction and decomposition technique for forming continuous, time-dependent surface velocity and elevation fields from discontinuous data and partitioning these time series into short- and long-term variations. The time series reconstruction consists of a sparsity-regularized least-squares regression for modeling time series as a linear combination of generic basis functions of multiple temporal scales, allowing us to capture complex variations in the data using simple functions. We apply this method to the multitemporal evolution of Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ), Greenland. Using 555 ice velocity maps generated by the Greenland Ice Mapping Project and covering the period 2009–2019, we show that the amplification in seasonal velocity variations in 2012–2016 was coincident with a longer-term speedup initiating in 2012. Similarly, the reduction in post-2017 seasonal velocity variations was coincident with a longer-term slowdown initiating around 2017. To understand how these perturbations propagate through the glacier, we introduce an approach for quantifying the spatially varying and frequency-dependent phase velocities and attenuation length scales of the resulting traveling waves. We hypothesize that these traveling waves are predominantly kinematic waves based on their long periods, coincident changes in surface velocity and elevation, and connection with variations in the terminus position. This ability to quantify wave propagation enables an entirely new framework for studying glacier dynamics using remote sensing data.