bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The structure of alloys of boron-rich corner of Fe–В–C phase diagram
Authors: Sukhova O. V. 
Published: February 2021

The structure and microdurometric characteristics of the Fe–В–С alloys in the range of high concentration of boron (>16.0 wt. % B) and low concentration of carbon (≥ 0.1 wt. % С) were investigated in this work. The methods of quantitative metallographic, X-ray, differential thermal, fluorescent spectral and microdurometric analyses were applied. Carbon was established to dissolve completely in phase constituents of the investigated alloys, forming solid solutions based on iron borides FeB, FeB2, FeB~4 or FeB~19. It was suggested the existence of one eutectic transformation between borides FeB2 and FeB~4 as well as two peritectic transformations between borides FeB and FeB2 or FeB~4 and FeB~19 correspondingly in the studied concentration range. The formation of boride FeB~4 was explained by its stabilization in the presence of carbon in the alloys. After annealing in vacuum at 900 °C for 10 hours with following quenching, the structure became coarser, but no traces of phase decomposition were revealed in the most alloys. Microhardness of the phases observed in the structure of the investigated alloys increased in the following sequence: FeB→FeB2→FeB~4→FeB~19.
Achado arqueológico na Ponte Binacional: reflexões sobre as fragilidades da proteção do patrimônio ambiental cultural
Authors: Silva Ana Cristina Rocha , Costa Célia Souza da , Custódio Elivaldo Serrão 
Published: February 2021

<p>O presente artigo trata de reflexões referentes às fragilidades observadas no trato do patrimônio ambiental cultural em meio a grandes projetos de infraestrutura. Tais reflexões partem da paralisação das obras da Ponte Binacional, que liga o Brasil à Guiana Francesa, em agosto de 2009, em virtude da existência de um sítio arqueológico na área de afetação do empreendimento. A Constituição Federal de 1988 inovou ao incluir todos os sítios arqueológicos à lista de bens da União, estendendo a tutela legal não apenas para os sítios já registrados, como também para aqueles ainda não identificados. Por essa razão é que qualquer projeto que implicará na alteração do uso do solo deve fazer, em meios aos inúmeros estudos quem compõem o EIA/RIMA, o estudo arqueológico. Contudo, embora a proteção legal ao patrimônio cultural em questão seja prevista na legislação brasileira, ainda é possível observarmos descompassos quando a proteção desses bens ambientais culturais se depara com projetos de infraestrutura que carregam carga significativa de interesses econômicos e políticos. Defenderemos aqui a idéia de Silva (2007), quando esta afirma que a preservação patrimonial não se faz somente com aplicação de leis. As regras ligadas à preservação arqueológica se inserem num quadro muito mais amplo de políticas públicas que devem ser fundamentadas nas reivindicações da sociedade<em>. </em></p>
Religião, política e educação: Magno Malta e o Projeto de Lei Escola Sem Partido
Authors: Vinicius de Freitas Reis Marcos , Pinheiro Yuri Lima 
Published: February 2021

<p>No decorrer da história da educação brasileira, percebe-se que a mesma esteve ligada de forma significativa ao elemento religioso desde o seu princípio. Tal influência foi adquirindo diferentes formas e com predominância inicial da igreja católica, até chegarmos à segunda metade do século XX, quando o crescimento dos evangélicos mudou os rumos da sociedade e possibilitou uma ampliação do seu espectro de ação, envolvendo inclusive o campo político. Nesse sentido, o ex-senador Magno Malta surge como um importante personagem, fruto dessa maior representatividade, atuando em prol da defesa de ideias conservadoras e antidemocráticas, materializadas na criação do Projeto de Lei (PL) Escola Sem Partido. Assim, o presente artigo se baseará em uma pesquisa documental, com posterior análise de conteúdo conforme Bardin (2002) e Moraes (1999), com enfoque nos argumentos do então senador para defender o PL e seu posicionamento, tendo em vista que tal proposta de alteração nas Leis de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional desafia diretamente aspectos relacionados ao respeito à diversidade, laicidade e pluralidade e traz à tona a necessidade da luta constante por uma educação libertadora.</p><p> </p>
VATS right posterior segmentectomy with anomalous bronchi and pulmonary vessels: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhang Jianbin , Zhu Yilv , Li Hongwei , Yu Caihua , Min Weiwei 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Anatomic variation may increase the difficulty and risk of anatomic segmentectomy. The preoperative three-dimensional computed tomography bronchography and angiography (3D-CTBA) can provide a detailed model of the segmental structure, and contribute to precise and safe segmentectomy. Case presentation: This is a case of anomalous bronchi and pulmonary vessels in the right upper posterior segment (RS2). Under the guidance of 3D-CTBA, anatomic RS2 segmentectomy was performed accurately and safely. The postoperative condition was uneventful. Conclusions: This rare case highlights the importance of 3D-CTBA to guild accurate segmentectomy with anatomic variation.
Effects of supplements differing in fatty acid profile to late gestational beef cows on cow performance, calf growth performance, and mRNA expression of genes associated with myogenesis and adipogenesis
Authors: Shao Taoqi , Ireland Frank A. , McCann Joshua C. , Shike Daniel W. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Maternal nutrition during gestation affects fetal development, which has long-term programming effects on offspring postnatal growth performance. With a critical role in protein and lipid metabolism, essential fatty acids can influence the development of muscle and adipose tissue. The experiment investigated the effects of late gestation supplements (77 d prepartum), either rich in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (CON; 155 g/cow/d EnerGII) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA; 80 g/cow/d Strata and 80 g/cow/d Prequel), on cow performance and subsequent calf growth performance as well as mRNA expression in longissimus muscle (LM) and subcutaneous adipose tissue at birth and weaning.Results: There was no difference (P ≥ 0.34) in cow body weight (BW) or body condition score from pre-supplementation through weaning. Relative concentrations of C18:3n-3 and C20:4n-6 decreased (P ≤ 0.05) to a greater extent from mid-supplementation to calving for PUFA compared to CON cows. Cow plasma C20:0, C20:5n-3, and C22:6n-3 were increased (P ≤ 0.01) in PUFA during supplementation period. At birth, PUFA steers had greater (P = 0.01) plasma C20:5n-3. No differences (P ≥ 0.33) were detected in steer birth BW or dam milk production, however, CON steers tended (P = 0.06) to have greater pre-weaning average daily gain and had greater (P = 0.05) weaning BW compared to PUFA. For mRNA expression in steers: MYH7 and C/EBPβ in LM increased (P ≤ 0.04) to a greater extent from birth to weaning for PUFA compared to CON; MYF5 in LM and C/EBPβ in adipose tissue tended (P ≤ 0.08) to decrease more from birth to weaning for CON compared to PUFA; SCD in PUFA adipose tissue tended (P = 0.08) to decrease to a greater extent from birth to weaning than CON. In addition, maternal PUFA supplementation tended (P = 0.08) to decrease MYOG mRNA expression in LM and decreased (P = 0.02) ZFP423 in adipose tissue during the pre-weaning stage.Conclusions: Late gestation PUFA supplementation decreased pre-weaning growth performance of the subsequent steer progeny compared to CON supplementation, which could have been a result of downregulated mRNA expression of myogenic genes during pre-weaning period.
Abrupt remapping in human CA3/dentate gyrus signals resolution of memory interference
Authors: Guo Wanjia , Favila Serra , Kim Ghootae , Molitor Robert , Kuhl Brice 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Remapping refers to a decorrelation of hippocampal representations of similar spatial environments. While it has been speculated that remapping may contribute to the resolution of episodic memory interference in humans, direct evidence is surprisingly limited. Here, we tested this idea using high-resolution, pattern-based fMRI analyses. We show that activity patterns in human CA3/dentate gyrus exhibit an abrupt, temporally-specific decorrelation of highly similar memory representations that is precisely coupled with behavioral expressions of successful learning. Strikingly, the magnitude of this learning-related decorrelation was predicted by the amount of pattern overlap during initial stages of learning, with greater initial overlap leading to stronger decorrelation. Finally, we show that remapped activity patterns carry relatively more information about learned episodic associations compared to competing associations, further validating the learning-related significance of remapping. Collectively, these findings establish a critical link between hippocampal remapping and episodic memory interference and provide novel insight into why remapping occurs.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Compartments in Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells.&nbsp;Functional Evaluation of IL1A and IMP3
Authors: Albericio Guillermo , Aguilar Susana , Torán Jose Luis , Yañez Rosa , López Juan Antonio , Vázquez Jesús , Mora Carmen , Bernad Antonio 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Clinical trials evaluating cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) demonstrated feasibility and safety, but no clear functional benefits. Therefore a deeper understanding of CPC biology is warranted to inform strategies capable to enhance their therapeutic potential. Here we have defined, using a label-free proteomic approach, the differential cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments of human CPC (hCPC). Global analysis of cytoplasmic repertoire in hCPC suggested an important hypoxia response capacity and active collagen metabolism. In addition, comparative analysis of the nuclear protein compartment identified a significant regulation of a small number of proteins in hCPC versus human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Two proteins significantly upregulated in the hCPC nuclear compartment, IL1A and IMP3, showed also a parallel increase in mRNA expression in hCPC versus hMSC, and were studied further. IL1A, subjected to an important post-transcriptional regulation, was demonstrated to act as a dual-function cytokine with a plausible role in apoptosis regulation. The knockdown of the mRNA binding protein (IMP3) did not negatively impact hCPC viability, but reduced their proliferation and migration capacity. Analysis of a panel of putative candidate genes identified HMGA2 and PTPRF as IMP3 targets in hCPC. Therefore, they are potentially involved in hCPC proliferation/migration regulation.
Antimicrobial Dispensing Sans Legitimate Prescription from Community Pharmacies in Lahore, Pakistan: Implications for Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Hashmi Furqan K , Khadka Sitaram , Khan Mash’hood Mahmood , Khan Saif Ullah , Saeed Hamid , Islam Muhammad , Atif Naveel , Malik Usman , Rasool Muhammad Fawad , Aziz Muhammad Majid , Riboua Zineb , Mansoor Hussaam-ul-Haq 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The use of antimicrobials and their acquisition from pharmacies without prescription is on the rise in low-and middle-income countries contributing towards the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The study aims to determine factors influencing the non-prescription dispensing of antibiotics from community pharmacies and implications in AMR.Methods: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 2019 to September 2019 in Lahore city of Pakistan. The data were analyzed using a statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22. The association of the knowledge, attitude, and practice with demographic parameters were determined using correlation and chi-square test.Results: The majority of the respondents were male pharmacists (84.5%) working as staff pharmacists (45.5%). Among the respondents, 75.9% considered AMR as a global health threat, however, 52.1% facilitated antimicrobial dispensing without prescriptions. Respondents stated that non-prescription antimicrobial dispensing was to make medical consultation easy (42%) and satisfy the demand of the patients (30.1%). Yet participants recognized the value of patient education concerning drug interactions 42.6%, culture and sensitivity test 31.5%, and full course of antimicrobials 40.8%. Participants were not agreed to dispense antimicrobials in cold and flu (58.1%), influenza (57.8%), abdominal pain (50%), and fever (60.7%). They practiced dispensing in diarrhea (62.2%), urinary tract infections (68.1%), ear infection (56.9%), and sore throat (64%). For qualification with all knowledge variables, a significant association was obtained. For marital status and qualification with practice variables, P-value was found significant.Conclusion: Interventions should be done to halt these irrational practices which have a negative impact on public health. Educational interventions are required for the public. Strict enforcement of rules and regulations, Drug Sale Rules 2007, and implementation of Pakistan’s National Action Plan on AMR is required.
Soil organic carbon under lockdown: Fresh plant litter as the nucleus for persistent carbon
Authors: Witzgall Kristina , Vidal Alix , Schubert David , Höschen Carmen , Schweizer Steffen , Buegger Franz , Pouteau Valérie , Chenu Claire , Mueller Carsten 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The largest terrestrial organic carbon pool, carbon in soils, is regulated by the intricate connection between plant carbon inputs, microbial activity, and soil matrix. This is manifested by how microorganisms, the key players in transforming plant-derived carbon into soil organic carbon, are controlled by the physical arrangement of organic and inorganic soil particles. We studied the role of soil structure on the fate of litter-derived organic matter and we propose that the persistence of soil carbon pools is directly determined at plant–soil interfaces. We show that while microbial activity and fungal growth is controlled by soil structure, occlusion of organic matter into aggregates and formation of organo-mineral associations occur in concert on litter surfaces regardless of soil structure. These two mechanisms—the two most prominent processes contributing to the persistence of organic matter—occur directly at fresh litter that constitutes a key nucleus in the build-up of soil carbon persistence.
Big Social Data as a Service (BSDaaS): A Service Composition Framework For Social Media Analysis
Authors: Ali Kashif , Hamilton Margaret , Thevathayan Charles , Zhang Xiuzhen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Social media provides an infrastructure where users can share their data at an unprecedented speed without worrying about storage and processing. Social media data has grown exponentially and now there is major interest in extracting any useful information from the social media data to apply in various domains. Currently, there are various tools available to analyze the large amounts of social media data. However, these tools do not consider the diversity of the social media data, and treat social media as a uniform data source with similar features. Thus, these tools lack the flexibility to dynamically process and analyze the social media data according to its diverse features. In this paper, we develop a `Big Social Data as a Service' (BSDaaS) composition framework that extracts the data from various social media platforms, and transforms it into useful information. The framework provides a quality model to capture the dynamic features of social media data. In addition, our framework dynamically assesses the quality features of the social media data and composes appropriate services required for various information analyses. We present a social media based sentiment analysis system as a motivating scenario and conduct experiments using real-world datasets to show the efficiency of our approach.
Ruxolitinib in Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome
Authors: Mura Eleonora , Masnada Silvia , Antonello Clara , Parazzini Cecilia , Izzo Giana , Garau Jessica , Sproviero Daisy , Cereda Cristina , Orcesi Simona , Veggiotti Pierangelo , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , Dilillo Dario , Penagini Francesca , Tonduti Davide 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Aicardi Goutières Syndrome (AGS) is a monogenic leukodystrophy with pediatric onset, clinically characterized by a variable degree of neurologic impairment. It belongs to a group of condition called type I interferonopathies that are characterized by abnormal overproduction of interferon alpha, an inflammatory cytokine which action is mediated by the activation of 2 of the four human Janus Kinases. Thanks to an ever-increasing knowledge of the molecular basis and pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease, Janus Kinase inhibitors (JAKIs) have been proposed as a treatment for interferonopathies. We described the 24 months follow-up of the fifth AGS patient treated with ruxolitinib. Treatment was globally well tolerated; clinical and radiological picture demonstrated a progressively improving course. It is however to note that patients presenting mild and spontaneously improving picture have been reported. Large natural history studies on AGS spectrum are urgently needed in order to help the interpretation of the results of therapeutic trials.
Advantages of Tyrosine Kinase Anti-Angiogenic Cediranib Over Bevacizumab: Cell Cycle Abrogation and Synergy With Chemotherapy
Authors: Bi Jianling , Dixit Garima , Zhang Yuping , Devor Eric J , Losh Haley A , Newtson Andreea M , Coleman Kristen L , Santillan Donna A , Maretzky Thorsten , Thiel Kristina W , Leslie Kimberly K 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumor development and metastasis, and several clinical trials of anti-angiogenic agents have been conducted in advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer. Both bevacizumab and cediranib have demonstrated activity as single agents, though subsequent studies of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy failed to improve outcomes compared to chemotherapy alone. Our group has previously established that chemotherapy plus an angiokinase inhibitor promotes catastrophic cell death in a xenograft model of endometrial cancer. Our objective was to compare the efficacy of cediranib and bevacizumab in endometrial cancer models.Methods: The cellular effects of the bevacizumab and cediranib were examined in endometrial cancer cell lines using ERK phosphorylation, ligand shedding, cell viability and cell cycle progression as readouts. Cellular viability following exposure to bevacizumab or cediranib as single agents or in combination with chemotherapy was also tested in eight patient-derived organoid models of endometrial cancer. Finally, we performed a phosphoproteomic array of 875 phosphoproteins to define the signaling changes related to bevacizumab versus cediranib.Results: Whereas both bevacizumab and cediranib effectively blunted tyrosine kinase receptor signaling in human vascular endothelial cells, only cediranib blocked ligand-mediated ERK activation in endometrial cancer cells. In both cell lines and patient-derived organoid cultures, neither bevacizumab nor cediranib alone had a notable effect on cell viability, even at 1-10 µM concentrations. By contrast, cediranib but not bevacizumab promoted marked cell death when combined with chemotherapy. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated an accumulation in mitosis after treatment with cediranib+chemotherapy, consistent with abrogation of the G2/M checkpoint and subsequent mitotic catastrophe. Molecular analysis of key controllers of the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint confirmed its abrogation. Phosphoproteomic analysis revealed that bevacizumab and cediranib had both similar and unique effects on cell signaling that underlie their shared versus individual actions as anti-angiogenic agents. Conclusions: Based on these data, we conclude that an anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor such as cediranib has the potential to be superior to bevacizumab in combination with chemotherapy. These data set the stage for future clinical studies of the combination of standard chemotherapy with cediranib in advanced and recurrent endometrial cancer.
Miscanthus Sinensis is as Efficient as Miscanthus × Giganteus for Nitrogen Recycling in Spite of Smaller N Fluxes
Authors: Leroy Julie , Ferchaud Fabien , Giauffret Catherine , Mary Bruno , Fingar Laura , Mignot Emilie , Arnoult Stephanie , Lenoir Servan , Martin Damian , Brancourt-Hulmel Maryse , Zapater Marion 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) recycling is a key mechanism to ensure the sustainability of miscanthus production with no or small fertiliser inputs, but little is known on the subject in miscanthus species other than the most cultivated Miscanthus × giganteus. This field experiment on Miscanthus × giganteus and Miscanthus sinensis quantified plant biomass and N stock dynamics during two years. Endogenous net N fluxes, calculated by the difference in plant N content throughout time, were higher in Miscanthus × giganteus than in Miscanthus sinensis. Indeed, 79 kg N ha-1 and 105 to 197 kg N ha-1 were remobilized during spring and autumn respectively for Miscanthus × giganteus, as opposed to 13 to 25 kg N ha-1 and 46 to 128 kg N ha-1 for Miscanthus sinensis. However, their N recycling efficiency, defined as the ratio between N remobilisation fluxes and the maximum above-ground N content, did not differ significantly. It ranged from 8 to 27% for spring remobilisation and from 63 to 74% and 24 to 38% for autumn remobilization calculated on above-ground and below-ground N respectively. Exogenous N, the main source of N to constitute maximum plant N content for all genotypes, was provided by fertilisation (22 to 24%) and organic matter mineralisation or other sources (43 to 59%). During winter, 50 to 56% of plant N content was lost. Abscised leaves constituted an additional loss of 6 to 12%. Our results show that Miscanthus sinensis is as efficient as Miscanthus × giganteus and as performant as other perennial species concerning N functioning.
Differential Abatement of Inflammation And Osteoclastogenesis In Active Charcot Neuroarthropathy: Mechanistic Insights From Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Das Liza , Rastogi Ashu , Prakash Mahesh , Dutta Pinaki , Bhansali Anil 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
AimsInflammatory osteolysis is the sine-qua-non of active Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN). This study is aimed to provide mechanistic insights into pathogenesis of CN by exploring the role of methylprednisolone or zoledronate for remission of active CN. MethodsThirty-six patients with active CN (temperature difference >2°C from normal foot) were evaluated for time to remission. Patients were off-loaded with total contact cast and randomised to receive either methylprednisolone (1gm), zoledronate (5mg) or placebo (100ml normal saline) once monthly infusion for three consecutive months. Change in inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β), bone turnover markers (P1NPand CTX) and bone mineral content (BMC) was assessed. ResultsTime to remission of active CN was 19.4 ± 2.8 weeks with methylprednisolone compared to14.6 ± 4.4 and 13.5 ± 2.9 weeks (p<0.05) with zoledronate and placebo, respectively. TNF-α levels reduced by 27% (p=0.03) with methylprednisolone,18% with zoledronate and 16% with placebo (p>0.05), while IL-1β reduced by 30% (p=0.02) with methylprednisolone, 21% with zoledronate and 16% with placebo (p>0.05). P1NP decreased by 5%, 24% and 19% with methylprednisolone, zoledronate and placebo, respectively. CTX decreased by 35% and 11% with zoledronate and placebo respectively but increased with methylprednisolone (18%) (p>0.05). Conclusion Effective suppression of either inflammation with methylprednisolone or osteoclastogenesis with zoledronate do not translate into earlier remission of active CN. The role of non-cytokine and non-inflammatory pathways for the activation of osteoclastogenesis in CN is purported.