bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coflowering invasive plants and a congener have neutral effects on fitness components of a rare endemic plant
Authors: Larson Diane L. , Larson Jennifer L. , Symstad Amy J. , Buhl Deborah A. , Portman Zachary M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNetwork analyses rarely include fitness components, such as germination, to tie invasive plants to population‐level effects on the natives. We address this limitation in a previously studied network of flower visitors around a suite of native and invasive plants that includes an endemic plant at Badlands National Park, South Dakota, USA. Eriogonum visheri coflowers with two abundant invasive plants, Salsola tragus and Melilotus officinalis, as well as a common congener, E. pauciflorum. Network analyses had suggested strong linkages between E. visheri and S. tragus and E. pauciflorum, with a weaker link to M. officinalis. We measured visitation, pollen deposited on stigmas, achene weight and germination over three field seasons (two for germination) in four populations (two in the final season) of E. visheri and applied in situ pollen treatments to E. visheri, adding pollen from other flowers on the same plant; flowers on other E. visheri plants; S. tragus, M. officinalis, or E. pauciflorum; open pollination; or excluding pollinators. Insect visitation to E. visheri was not affected by floral abundance of any of the focal species. Most visitors were halictid bees; one of these (Lasioglossum packeri) was the only identified species to visit E. visheri all three years. Ninety‐seven percent of pollen on collected E. visheri stigmas was conspecific, but 22% of flowers had >1 grain of E. pauciflorum pollen on stigmas and 7% had >1 grain of S. tragus pollen; <1% of flowers had M. officinalis pollen on stigmas. None of the pollen treatments produced significant differences in weight or germination of E. visheri achenes. We conclude that, in contrast to the results of the network analysis, neither of the invasive species poses a threat, via heterospecific pollen deposition, to pollination of the endemic E. visheri, and that its congener provides alternative pollen resources to its pollinators.
Molecular evolution and SSRs analysis based on the chloroplast genome ofCallitropsis funebris
Authors: Ping Jingyao , Feng Peipei , Li Jinye , Zhang Rongjing , Su Yingjuan , Wang Ting 
Published: March 2021

AbstractChloroplast genome sequences have been used to understand evolutionary events and to infer efficiently phylogenetic relationships.Callitropsis funebris(Cupressaceae) is an endemic species in China. Its phylogenetic position is controversial due to morphological characters similar to those ofCupressus,Callitropsis,andChamaecyparis. This study used next‐generation sequencing technology to sequence the complete chloroplast genome ofCa. funebrisand then constructed the phylogenetic relationship betweenCa. funebrisand its related species based on a variety of data sets and methods. Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and adaptive evolution analysis were also conducted. Our results showed that the monophyletic branch consisting ofCa. funebrisandCupressus tonkinensisis a sister toCupressus,whileCallitropsisis not monophyletic;Ca. nootkatensisandCa. vietnamensisare nested in turn at the base of the monophyletic groupHesperocyparis. The statistical results of SSRs supported the closest relationship betweenCa. funebrisandCupressus. By performing adaptive evolution analysis under the phylogenetic background of Cupressales, the Branch model detected three genes and the Site model detected 10 genes under positive selection; and the Branch‐Site model uncovered thatrpoA has experienced positive selection in theCa. funebriesbranch. Molecular analysis from the chloroplast genome highly supported thatCa. funebrisis at the base ofCupressus. Of note, SSR features were found to be able to shed some light on phylogenetic relationships. In short, this chloroplast genomic study has provided new insights into the phylogeny ofCa. funebrisand revealed multiple chloroplast genes possibly undergoing adaptive evolution.
How complementarity and selection affect the relationship between ecosystem functioning and stability
Authors: Wang Shaopeng , Isbell Forest , Deng Wanlu , Hong Pubin , Dee Laura E. , Thompson Patrick , Loreau Michel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe biotic mechanisms underlying ecosystem functioning and stability have been extensively—but separately—explored in the literature, making it difficult to understand the relationship between functioning and stability. In this study, we used community models to examine how complementarity and selection, the two major biodiversity mechanisms known to enhance ecosystem biomass production, affect ecosystem stability. Our analytic and simulation results show that although complementarity promotes stability, selection impairs it. The negative effects of selection on stability operate through weakening portfolio effects and selecting species that have high productivity but low tolerance to perturbations (“risk‐prone” species). In contrast, complementarity enhances stability by increasing portfolio effects and reducing the relative abundance of risk‐prone species. Consequently, ecosystem functioning and stability exhibit either a synergy, if complementarity effects prevail, or trade‐off, if selection effects prevail. Across species richness levels, ecosystem functioning and stability tend to be positively related, but negative relationships can occur when selection co‐varies with richness. Our findings provide novel insights for understanding the functioning‐stability relationship, with potential implications for both ecological research and ecosystem management.
Increasing immunoglobulin G adsorption in dextran‐grafted protein A gels
Authors: Huan Liming , Shi Qing‐Hong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe formation of a stable spatial arrangement of protein A ligands is a great challenge for the development of high‐capacity polymer‐grafted protein A adsorbents due to the complexity in interplay between coupled ligands and polymer chain. In this work, carboxymethyl dextrans (CMDs) with different molecular weight were introduced to provide stable spatial ligand arrangement in CMD‐grafted protein A gels to improve IgG adsorption. The result showed that coupling of protein A ligand in CMD‐grafted layer had no marked influence on pore size and dextran layers coupled with the ligands were stable in experimental range of salt concentrations. The result of IgG adsorption revealed that carboxymethyl dextran T10, a short CMD, was more suitable as a scaffold for the synthesis of high‐capacity protein A gels. Moreover, the maximal adsorption capacity for IgG was obtained to be 96.4 mg/g gel at ionic capacities of 300–350 mmol/L and a ligand density of 15.2 mg/g gel. Dynamic binding capacity for IgG exhibited a higher capacity utilization in CMD‐grafted protein A gels than non‐grafted protein A gel. The research presented a tactics to establish a stable dextran layer coupled with protein A ligands and demonstrated its importance to improve binding capacity for IgG.
Extrapolating Acute Contact Bee Sensitivity to Insecticides Based on Body Weight Using a Phylogenetically Informed Interspecies Scaling Framework
Authors: Pamminger Tobias 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Plant protection products, including insecticides, are important for global food production but can have adverse effects on nontarget organisms including bees. Historically, research investigating such effects has focused mainly on the honeybee (Apis mellifera), whereas less information is available for non-Apis bees. Consequently, a comprehensive hazard (sensitivity) assessment for the majority of bees is lacking, which in turn hinders accurate risk characterization and consequently bee protection. Interspecies sensitivity extrapolation based on body weight might be a way to improve the situation, but in the past such approaches often ignored the phylogenetic background of the species used, which in turn potentially reduces the robustness of such results. Published acute contact sensitivity data (median lethal dose per bee) of bees to insecticides, their body weight, and their phylogenetic background were used to build interspecies scaling models to predict bee sensitivity based on their weight. The results indicate that 1) bee body weight is a predictor of acute contact bee sensitivity to a range of insecticides, and 2) phylogeny (nonindependence of data points) needs to be considered in cross-species analysis, although it does not always confound the observed effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2042–2050. © 2021 SETAC
Increased Adipose Tissue Fibrogenesis, Not Impaired Expandability, Is Associated With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Beals Joseph W. , Smith Gordon I. , Shankaran Mahalakshmi , Fuchs Anja , Schweitzer George G. , Yoshino Jun , Field Tyler , Matthews Marcy , Nyangau Edna , Morozov Darya , Mittendorfer Bettina , Hellerstein Marc K. , Klein Samuel 
Published: March 2021

Background and Aims
It is proposed that impaired expansion of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and an increase in adipose tissue (AT) fibrosis causes ectopic lipid accumulation, insulin resistance (IR), and metabolically unhealthy obesity. We therefore evaluated whether a decrease in SAT expandability, assessed by measuring SAT lipogenesis (triglyceride [TG] production), and an increase in SAT fibrogenesis (collagen production) are associated with NAFLD and IR in persons with obesity.

Approach and Results

In vivo abdominal SAT lipogenesis and fibrogenesis, expression of SAT genes involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) formation, and insulin sensitivity were assessed in three groups of participants stratified by adiposity and intrahepatic TG (IHTG) content: (1) healthy lean with normal IHTG content (Lean‐NL; n = 12); (2) obese with normal IHTG content and normal glucose tolerance (Ob‐NL; n = 25); and (3) obese with NAFLD and abnormal glucose metabolism (Ob‐NAFLD; n = 25). Abdominal SAT TG synthesis rates were greater (P < 0.05) in both the Ob‐NL (65.9 ± 4.6 g/wk) and Ob‐NAFLD groups (71.1 ± 6.7 g/wk) than the Lean‐NL group (16.2 ± 2.8 g/wk) without a difference between the Ob‐NL and Ob‐NAFLD groups. Abdominal SAT collagen synthesis rate and the composite expression of genes encoding collagens progressively increased from the Lean‐NL to the Ob‐NL to the Ob‐NAFLD groups and were greater in the Ob‐NAFLD than the Ob‐NL group (P < 0.05). Composite expression of collagen genes was inversely correlated with both hepatic and whole‐body insulin sensitivity (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
AT expandability is not impaired in persons with obesity and NAFLD. However, SAT fibrogenesis is greater in persons with obesity and NAFLD than in those with obesity and normal IHTG content, and is inversely correlated with both hepatic and whole‐body insulin sensitivity.
It takes a community to save a life in cardiac arrest: Heart safe community pilots, Australia
Authors: Naccarella Lucio , Saxton Danielle , Lugg Eugene , Marley Joel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIssue AddressedIn Australia only 1 in 12 people will survive an out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Heart Safe Community (HSC) is a public health initiative being implemented by the Heart Foundation, Victoria in partnership with Ambulance Victoria. It aims to improve survival from OHCA by improving public access to 24 hours Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs) and by building local community skills and confidence in basic resuscitation. Over the period 2017‐20, the University of Melbourne was commissioned to evaluate the implementation, effectiveness, and sustainability of three HSC pilots in Victoria, Australia.MethodsMixed methods were used including eight focus group discussions with 64 local HSC community stakeholders and local HSC pilot site evaluation data.ResultsThe local HSC pilot community presentation surveys revealed that the HSC pilots delivered hundreds of presentations on bystander resuscitation, with 2772 local community members being exposed to the call to action: ‘Call, Push Shock’ and ‘anyone can save a life’. Focus group discussions revealed that the HSC pilots built local community capacity to respond to OHCA as demonstrated by increased knowledge, confidence and skills to call Emergency Medical Services, attempt chest compression, acquire and use an AED. Community leadership to advocate for improved access to AEDs and to propagate HSC initiatives amongst community settings and cohorts has occurred. HSC implementation enablers and challenges exist. Community capacity‐building frameworks can explain what makes the HSC pilot work.ConclusionHSC can build local community capacity to respond to OHCA. Eight principles are suggested to support the building, implementation and sustainability of future HSC efforts.So what?The HSC experience reveals that community members across the lifespan and multiple settings embrace opportunities to improve the safety and response in their community to a cardiac arrest when the action is simplified and community ownership cultivated.
The Robinson Forest environmental monitoring network: Long‐term evaluation of streamflow and precipitation quantity and stream‐water and bulk deposition chemistry in eastern Kentucky watersheds
Authors: Sena Kenton L. , Williamson Tanja N. , Barton Christopher D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe University of Kentucky (U KY) has owned Robinson Forest (37.460723° N, 83.158598° W) since 1923, conducting experiments crucial to understanding the environmental effects of land management in the region. Part of the management of Robinson Forest has been collection of environmental data, including precipitation quantity, bulk‐deposition chemistry, streamflow, stream‐water chemistry, and air and stream temperature. Over the years, these data have been collected and archived using various technologies and have been mostly inaccessible for research use – unedited and uncompiled, scattered across several spreadsheets and paper records. Through a partnership between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and U KY, daily precipitation data for six stations and stream data from four watersheds in Robinson Forest have been compiled for 1971–2018, checked for transcription errors, and annotated for changes in methodologies. These data are available as a USGS data release at https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FPLG1O. Improved accessibility of this data set provides an important research resource for understanding water quality in minimally effected forests in the region. Preliminary results indicate that these data present a valuable opportunity to evaluate linkages among atmospheric deposition and stream chemistry, the effects of environmental policy, such as the Clean Air Act, and effects from nearby land disturbance in the form of surface mining. Furthermore, these data fill a geographic and physiographic gap in what is available to examine deposition and streamflow patterns over the last 45 years, supplementing those long‐term records of research sites in northern (e.g., Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest), central (e.g., Fernow Experimental Forest) and southern Appalachia (e.g., Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory). As an oasis in the midst of significant surface mining activity, Robinson Forest presents a unique opportunity to understand environmental conditions characteristic of minimally disturbed forests similar to pre‐mining conditions in the Central Appalachian region.
Records of hydrological change and environmental disasters in sediments from deep Lake Issyk‐Kul
Authors: Wang Jingzhong , Wu Jinglu , Zhan Shuie , Zhou Jianchao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the context of global warming, the mountainous areas of Central Asia are sensitive to climate and environmental changes and are highly vulnerable to natural disasters. Here, we use high‐resolution lacustrine grain‐size and geochemical records from Lake Issyk‐Kul to infer hydrological changes, environmental events, and their driving factors in the western Tianshan Mountains of Central Asia over the last 350 years. The regional hydrological and environmental changes can be divided into three phases. In stage I (1674–1860 AD), the values of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and magnetic susceptibility (MS) were high, and the element contents changed indistinctively, suggesting that lake water levels were relatively stable. In Stage II (1860–2000 AD), the TOC and TN contents increased, the MS values decreased, and the grain size changed markedly, suggesting that water levels fluctuated dramatically. In Stage III (2000–2013 AD), the coarse particle and migratory element contents increased dramatically, indicating that regional rainfall and runoff increased and that the water level rose. Studies have also shown that the synchronous increases in sedimentary coarse particles, TOC and migratory elements indicate multiple flood events. Extreme floods have been frequent and intense in recent years, which indicates that the climate is generally warming, which is in good agreement with tree ring data, ice core records and other sediment records in alpine regions. Additionally, the lake sediments recorded a seismic event in approximately 1910 AD, which was consistent with historical documentation. Comparative analysis of records suggests that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation is one of the dominant factors driving climate and hydrological changes in the study area. Climate change, combined with natural disasters (e.g., earthquakes) and anthropogenic activities, is generating extreme floods and variations in hydrological patterns in the mountain basin. These findings can provide crucial information about sedimentary physicochemical clues for tracking past hydrological and environmental conditions and contribute to a better understanding of hydrological processes and driving factors in the mountainous areas of Central Asia.
La‐H‐zeolites: efficient catalysts for acetic acid ketonic decarboxylation and esterification
Authors: Mitran Gheorghiţa , Chen Shaojiang , Huang Wenyu , Seo Dong‐Kyun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDCyclohexyl acetate and acetone are used as environmentally friendly solvents, while isobutene acts as an intermediate in the production of methacrolein, ethers, plastics and pharmaceuticals. Two La‐zeolite catalysts have been studied for converting acetic acid to cyclohexyl acetate, acetone and isobutene.RESULTSLa‐based zeolites were synthesized from Na‐nFAU zeolites by ammonium ion exchange, followed by lanthanum ion exchange. The influence of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites on the activity in acetic acid esterification with cyclohexanol and in ketonic decarboxylation of acetic acid was studied. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of pyridine adsorption has been used for acid site evaluation. The presence of Brønsted acid sites on the surface leads to an increase in cyclohexyl acetate and acetone selectivity, while the presence of Lewis acidity favors further transformation of acetone in isobutene.CONCLUSIONThe sample with the highest Brønsted acidity and the highest content in both La and Al, namely La‐H‐13X, showed the highest activity for both acetic acid esterification and ketonic decarboxylation – an indication that Brønsted acidity is very important for the studied reactions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
One size does not fit all: Toward regional conservation practice guidance to reduce phosphorus loss risk in the Lake Erie watershed
Authors: Macrae Merrin , Jarvie Helen , Brouwer Roy , Gunn Grant , Reid Keith , Joosse Pam , King Kevin , Kleinman Peter , Smith Doug , Williams Mark , Zwonitzer Martha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAgricultural phosphorus (P) losses to surface water bodies remain a global eutrophication concern, despite the application of conservation practices on farm fields. Although it is generally agreed upon that the use of multiple conservation practices (“stacking”) will lead to greater improvements to water quality, this may not be cost effective to farmers, reducing the likelihood of adoption. At present, wholesale recommendations of conservation practices are given; however, the application of specific conservation practices in certain environments (e.g., no‐till with surface application, cover crops) may not be effective and can even lead to unintended consequences. In this paper, we present the Lake Erie watershed as a case study. The Lake Erie watershed contains regions with unique physical geographies that include differences in climate, soil, topography, and land use, which have implications for both P transport from agricultural fields and the efficacy of conservation practices in mitigating P losses. We define major regions within the Lake Erie watershed where common strategies for conservation practice implementation are appropriate, and we propose a five‐step plan for bringing regionally tailored, adaptive, and cost‐conscious conservation practice into watershed planning. Although this paper is specific to the Lake Erie watershed, our framework can be transferred across broader geographic regions to provide guidance for watershed planning.
Long‐term effect of poultry litter application on phosphorus balances and runoff losses
Authors: Bos Janae , Williams Mark , Smith Douglas , Armstrong Shalamar , Harmel Daren 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAssessment of annual and cumulative impacts of phosphorus (P) management strategies at field and watershed scales is needed to improve crop use efficiency and minimize environmental impacts. The objectives of this study were (a) to assess relationships among P balance, soil test P (STP) concentration, and runoff dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentration from fields receiving different poultry litter application rates (0.0–13.4 Mg ha–1) and (b) to determine the effect of long‐term poultry litter application to fields on watershed DRP loss. Nutrient management practices, crop yield, STP, and runoff losses were assessed from nine fields and two watersheds located near Riesel, TX, from 2000 to 2015. Field‐scale P balances were largely controlled by P application rate and exhibited a positive relationship with STP and runoff DRP flow‐weighted mean concentration. Using a before‐after control‐impact experimental design that included monitoring at both field and watershed scales showed the influence of field P management on watershed DRP loss varied according to both source (i.e., P application rate, impacted area) and transport (i.e., hydrological connectivity) factors. Increased risk of watershed DRP loss was observed during wet years and years with two poultry litter applications to fields within the watershed. The percentage of the total watershed area receiving high rates of poultry litter also played a critical role in determining the risk of DRP loss. Findings highlight the impact of long‐term P management strategies on DRP loss at both field and watershed scales and show the importance of incorporating hydrologic connectivity when assessing conservation effects on water quality.