bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary intake of Indigenous Australian infants and young children in the Gomeroi gaaynggal cohort
Authors: Onifade Oyepeju M. , Pringle Kirsty G. , Rollo Megan E. , Collins Clare E. , Schumacher Tracy , Rae Kym M. ,   The Gomeroi Gaaynggal Advisory Committee
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimThe nutritional quality of foods consumed by infants and young children to complement breastfeeding or formula feeding influences growth and development. The aim of this study was to identify the dietary intake of Indigenous infants and young children in the Gomeroi gaaynggal cohort, and evaluate the nutritional adequacy of their intake compared with Australian recommendations.MethodsDietary intake was assessed using diet recalls at approximately 9‐, 12‐ and 24‐month visits. Nutrient values of foods were obtained from AUSNUT 2011‐13 and nutrient intake compared to the Australian Nutrient Reference Values. Foods were categorised into food groups and intakes compared to the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating.ResultsA total of 206 infants and young children were included in the study. Of these, 95 individual children had dietary data collected between 7.6 and 24.7 months. Infant formula and breastfeeding rates were highest among infants (70% and 20%, respectively). Cow's milk intake was highest among young children (75%).Infants and young children in the cohort met most macro‐ and micronutrient intake recommendations. Few young children met recommendation for iron (42%), no infant met recommendation for omega‐3 fatty acids and almost all exceeded recommendation for sodium. Most young children met daily dairy and fruit recommendations although intake of discretionary foods was high.ConclusionsThis study found that diets of Indigenous infants and young children met most key nutrient reference targets. Potential target areas that require dietary optimisation have been identified and will be the focus of community‐led strategies in adequate infant nutrition promotion.
Synergistic effects of ultrasound and β‐d‐glucosidase in aroma of orange juice
Authors: Sun Yujing , Xu Qingqing , Peng Wei , Xue Yuanzhong , Sun Peilong 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe synergistic effects of ultrasound and β‐d‐glucosidase in aroma of orange juice were investigated. β‐d‐Glucosidase significantly increased the content of ester, aldehyde, alcohol, terpene, acid, and phenol, and insignificantly increased the ketone content in orange juice. Enzyme‐treated orange juice, compared with fresh untreated orange juice, was found to contain 15 novel aroma compounds, whereas three aroma compounds disappeared. Ultrasound improved the enzymatic action and the retention of more active flavors in juice than treatment with enzyme alone. However, simultaneous ultrasound and enzyme treatment decreased aroma quality. Therefore, the choice of the mode of ultrasound treatment is highly important. The present investigation will provide a reference for aroma‐enhancing application of ultrasound combined with β‐D‐glucosidase.Practical ApplicationThe study supplies a reference method for the aromatization of fruit juice.
Local forest proportion and proximity to large forest patches are important for native mammal conservation in Dry Chaco agroecosystems
Authors: Nanni A. S. , Giordano A. J. , Nielsen C. K. , Lucherini M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHabitat loss is a significant threat to biodiversity worldwide, and the Argentine Dry Chaco is one of the most active global deforestation hotspots. Medium‐large mammals are especially vulnerable to land‐cover change, and in the Dry Chaco, they are subjected to the combined effect of habitat loss and hunting. In agroecosystems, blocks of natural habitat can contribute to maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem functionality, and it is necessary to identify human‐modified landscape configurations that are compatible with wildlife conservation. Through camera‐trapping in five agroecosystems of the Argentine Dry Chaco, we assessed the role of local‐scale forest proportion and distance to large forest patches on medium‐large mammal richness and frequency of records. Forest proportion positively influenced medium‐large mammal estimated richness, and large‐bodied mammals were more frequent in stations near large forest blocks and in stations with higher forest proportion when larger forest blocks were distant. Small‐medium sized generalist carnivores were more frequent in stations with lower forest proportion. Forest remnants and the presence of large forest patches are thus important for medium‐large mammals in the region and more specifically for the conservation of larger‐bodied species. Forest loss may also facilitate the increase of mesopredator populations, with potential consequences on the dynamics of ecosystems and human‐wildlife interactions. For agroecosystems to contribute to the conservation of mammals in the Dry Chaco, the preservation or restoration of forest remnants and of large extensions of forests should be incorporated in regional and local land‐use planning.
Validating the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) in obstetric and gynaecologic resuscitation teams
Authors: Carpini Joseph A. , Calvert Katrina , Carter Sean , Epee‐Bekima Mathias , Leung Yee 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundSimulation‐based training is an effective method of enhancing the knowledge, skill, and technical abilities of individuals and teams encountering obstetric and gynaecologic emergencies. Simulation may also enhance the non‐technical performance of teams resulting in improved patient outcomes. Although simulation‐based training is widely recognised as an effective educational approach, issues around feasibility – the lack of simulation experts and malleable outcome measures of team performance – remain critical barriers to their implementation.AimTo evaluate the psychometric properties of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) when used by medical professionals in simulated obstetric and gynaecological emergencies.MethodsThere were 151 participants (63% female; 60% consultants; 69% no previous simulation‐based training) who observed three live high‐fidelity obstetric and gynaecological resuscitation simulations and completed the TEAM.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis evaluated the construct validity of the TEAM, yielding a second‐order structure identified by ‘leadership’, ‘teamwork’, and ‘team management’. Convergent validity was supported by the average item‐to‐scale total correlation which was 0.75, P < 0.001 and the average analysis of variance extracted (AVE) 0.88. The individual factors also yielded high factor‐to‐scale total correlations (mean [M] = 0.87), and AVE (M = 0.89). The internal reliability was high for the whole scale (average alpha = 0.92) and across the sub‐factors (average alpha = 0.80). The inter‐rater reliability was excellent (inter‐class correlation coefficient 1 = 0.98). Participants with differing levels of simulation training experience did not significantly differ.ConclusionThe TEAM is a viable instrument for the assessment of non‐technical performance during simulated obstetric and gynaecologic emergencies, thus enhancing the feasibility of simulation‐based training.
Culture of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on polyurethane/pyrrole surface promoted differentiation into endothelial lineage
Authors: Hassanpour Mehdi , Fathi Karkan Sonia , Rahbarghazi Reza , Nouri Mohammad , Amini Hassan , Saghati Sepideh , Baradar Khoshfetrat Ali 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDue to the electrical conductivity, pyrrole‐based scaffolds are one of the attractive biomaterials in the regeneration of electrically active tissues like the heart and brain. Here, we investigated the impact of polyurethane/pyrrole scaffold on the angiogenesis differentiation of rabbit mesenchymal stem cells toward endothelial lineage in vitro. Nanoelectrospun polyurethane/pyrrole fibers were synthesized and characterized using attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectrum analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging. Mechanical properties, electroconductivity, and hydrophobicity were also measured. The viability of cells was monitored 72 hours after being plated on the polyurethane/pyrrole surface. The endothelial differentiation of stem cells was explored using western blotting. ATR‐FTIR revealed that the pyrrole was successfully polymerized to polypyrrole and blend with polyurethane fibers. The addition of pyrrole to polyurethane increased the tensile strength compared to the polyurethane group. These features coincided with the reduction of the hydrophilic properties of polyurethane. Based on our data, the electro‐conductivity of polyurethane/pyrrole was superior compared to the polyurethane group. SEM imaging showed an appropriate cell attachment to the surface of polyurethane/pyrrole and polyurethane groups synthesized membranes. MTT assay revealed a significantly increased survival rate in the polyurethane/pyrrole group compared to the polyurethane group (P < .05). We noted a statistically significant increase of endothelial‐associated proteins, CD31, von Willebrand factor, and CD34, in cells expanded on polyurethane/pyrrole compared to the polyurethane group (P < .05). As a more general note, it could be hypothesized that the polyurethane/pyrrole blend could improve the angiogenesis potency of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for regenerative purposes.
Modeling semi‐competing risks data as a longitudinal bivariate process
Authors: Nevo Daniel , Blacker Deborah , Larson Eric B. , Haneuse Sebastien 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs individuals age, death is a competing risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) but the reverse is not the case. As such, studies of AD can be placed within the semi‐competing risks framework. Central to semi‐competing risks, and in contrast to standard competing risks , is that one can learn about the dependence structure between the two events. To‐date, however, most methods for semi‐competing risks treat dependence as a nuisance and not a potential source of new clinical knowledge. We propose a novel regression‐based framework that views the two time‐to‐event outcomes through the lens of a longitudinal bivariate process on a partition of the time scales of the two events. A key innovation of the framework is that dependence is represented in two distinct forms, local and global dependence, both of which have intuitive clinical interpretations. Estimation and inference are performed via penalized maximum likelihood, and can accommodate right censoring, left truncation, and time‐varying covariates. An important consequence of the partitioning of the time scale is that an ambiguity regarding the specific form of the likelihood contribution may arise; a strategy for sensitivity analyses regarding this issue is described. The framework is then used to investigate the role of gender and having ≥1 apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele on the joint risk of AD and death using data from the Adult Changes in Thought study.
Obstetric factors associated with postpartum post‐traumatic stress disorder after spontaneous vaginal birth
Authors: Martinez‐Vázquez Sergio , Rodríguez‐Almagro Julián , Hernández‐Martínez Antonio , Delgado‐Rodríguez Miguel , Martínez‐Galiano Juan Miguel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine whether there is an association between clinical practices carried out during spontaneous vaginal birth (SVB), or clinical situations that arise during vaginal birth, and the incidence of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).MethodsA cross‐sectional study with 839 puerperal women in Spain was conducted. The Perinatal Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder Questionnaire (PPQ) was administered online. The relationship between the risk of postpartum PTSD and various intrapartum complications was studied in addition to practices or procedures performed during the intrapartum period.ResultsPTSD (PPQ scores ≥19) was identified in 8.1% (68) of the women who participated. Among the risk factors for PTSD was a concerning intrapartum FHR tracing (adjusted OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.07‐4.66). Other intrapartum practices also put women at risk of PTSD, including the administration of an enema (aOR: 7.01, 95% CI: 2.14‐23.01), being required to stay lying down throughout the labor and birth (aOR: 5.75, 95% CI: 3.25‐10.19), artificial amniorrhexis without consent (aOR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.31‐3.97), administration of synthetic oxytocin without consent (aOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.26‐3.77), fundal pressure during pushing (aOR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.72‐5.73), repeated vaginal examinations performed by different people (aOR: 4.84, 95% CI: 2.77‐8.47), and manual removal of the placenta without anesthesia (aOR: 3.45, 95% CI: 1.81‐6.58).ConclusionsVarious intrapartum clinical practices, all related to dehumanized treatment, and intrapartum complications, were associated with an increased risk of PTSD. There is a need to eradicate obstetric mistreatment and to increase access to evidence‐informed, respectful care in Spain. Care practitioners need to better appreciate their roles in preventing PTSD.
The case for alternative endpoints in computing education
Authors: Tissenbaum Mike , Weintrop David , Holbert Nathan , Clegg Tamara 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper argues for a re‐examination of the nature and goals of broad computing education initiatives. Instead of starting with specific values or goals, we instead begin by considering various desired endpoints of computing instruction and then work backward to reason about what form learning activities might take and what are the underlying values and principles that support learners in reaching these endpoints. The result of this exercise is a push for rethinking the form of contemporary computing education with an eye toward more diverse, equitable and meaningful endpoints. With a focus on the role that constructionist‐focused pedagogies and designs can play in supporting these endpoints, we examine four distinct cases and the endpoints they support. This paper is not intended to encompass all the possible alternate endpoints for computer science education; rather, this work seeks to start a conversation around the nature of and need for alternate endpoints, as a means to re‐evaluate the current tools and curricula to prepare learners for a future of active and empowered computing‐literate citizens.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

There is a growing call for computing education to be a core educational component.
Computing education traditionally has a narrow goal of training people for programming jobs.
Computing education fails to connect with students underrepresented in STEM.
What this paper adds

An argument for why we need more and diverse endpoints to computing education.
That many possible endpoints for computing education can be more inclusive, just and equitable than software engineering.
Constructionism is a particularly useful paradigm for approaching and supporting alternate endpoints.
Implications for practice and policy

Helps reframe the goals of computing education, to truly be “for all.”
Provides a set of cases for how this reframing can be achieved.
Gives policy new lenses for understanding, evaluating and implementing computing education.
Inquiring tweets want to know: #Edchat supports for #RemoteTeaching during COVID‐19
Authors: Greenhow Christine , Staudt Willet K. Bret , Galvin Sarah 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSocial media use has spiked around the world during the COVID‐19 global pandemic as people reach out for news, information, social connections, and support in their daily lives. Past work on professional learning networks (PLNs) has shown that teachers also use social media to find supports for their teaching and ongoing professional development. This paper offers quantitative analysis of over a half million Twitter #Edchat tweets as well as qualitative content analysis of teachers’ question tweets (n = 1054) and teacher interviews (n = 4). These data and analyses provide evidence of the kinds of supports that teachers in the United States and Canada sought on social media during the rapid transition to emergency remote teaching in Spring 2020 and how these supports informed teaching practices. These results provide insights into PLN theory and teachers’ social media use during times of disruption and crisis.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Prior to the spring 2020 pandemic, teachers turned to social media to find supports for teaching and just‐in‐time professional development (PD).
#Edchat, one of the oldest and most used educational hashtags on Twitter, supports education‐related conversations, frequently self‐promotional rather than collaborative.
The COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted educational systems globally and created new demands on teacher PD during transitions to emergency remote teaching and learning.
What this paper adds

Teachers’ professional learning networks (PLN) on social media can be flexible around contextual circumstances and users’ needs.
#Edchat discourse can move beyond self‐promotion to inquiry with benefits for professional learning.
Education‐related response networks on social media are useful to teachers in emergency situations (and beyond them) where just‐in‐time professional learning needs and questions surpass local PD capacity.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Teachers should increase capacities inquiring discourses on Twitter.
Education stakeholders should increase support for teachers’ agency and advocate for broader conceptions and approaches to PD that incorporate PLNs spanning social media.
Spatial structure of rainforest termites: Two matched pioneering cross‐continental case studies
Authors: Scholtz Olivia , Knight Mairi E. , Eggleton Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTermites are vital parts of the soil biota in tropical regions, but their spatial ecology is barely studied. Here, termites were surveyed in two one‐hectare plots, to investigate spatial patterns of soil‐dwelling termites in old growth rainforest. Ecological interactions tested were as follows: (1) environmental relationships; (2) termite feeding groups; and (3) termites and predatory ants. The studies were in Africa (Gabon, Ivindo) and in Asia (Malaysia, Sabah, Danum Valley). In both locations, the wood‐feeding termites had an aggregated spatial structure at fine scales, while the humus‐feeding termites had a continuous distribution. Environmental variables were similar, but only two associations were consistent across sites. Termite feeding groups along the humification gradient were consistently disassociated. Significant associations were detected between predatory ants and termites in both sites: however, their scale and direction differed. This shows that the termite‐mediated ecosystem processes associated with wood‐ and humus‐feeding termite were provided at similar spatial scales, but that for humus‐feeding termites the intensity varied due to differences between the two plots. Competition at the functional level may be an important interaction, the nature of which is affected by resource availability, which is more limiting for wood‐feeding termites. We hypothesize that predation by ants may be important, but the structure of these relationships varies between the two study plots. All of these preliminary patterns need to be tested in fully replicated studies, but future studies may be constrained due to the sampling effort being so great for even a single survey.Abstract in French is available with online material.
Risk management in Canada's agricultural sector in light of COVID‐19: Considerations one year later
Authors: Ker Alan P. , Biden Scott 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe unexpected introduction and spread of coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) has presented significant risks for every aspect of Canadian society, including the food and agricultural sector. The suite of Business Risk Management (BRM) programs, developed decades ago and without any thought to the possibility of a global pandemic, are meant to assist farmers in managing risks. This article discusses to what extent these BRM programs, and more broadly government programs, assisted farmers in managing risks brought on by the pandemic. Despite calls by industry for significant additional public funds, we find that COVID‐19 exposed no significant gaps in BRM programming and therefore we see no reason for more funding to be funneled to the farm sector through BRM programming.
Retail inventory shrinkage, sensing weak security breach signals, and organizational structure
Authors: Su Hung‐Chung , Rungtusanatham M. Johnny , Linderman Kevin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRetail inventory shrinkage, resulting primarily from employee theft and shoplifting, costs retailers nearly $70 billion annually. With brick‐and‐mortar retailers today confronting increased competition and low future growth expectations, reducing inventory shrinkage is becoming even more critical to becoming profitable. This paper analyzes a unique dataset that combines both primary survey and objective archival data from a Fortune 500 retailer to test a theoretical model associating retail inventory shrinkage, the capacity of a retail store to sense weak security breach signals, centralization of decision making, and formalization of security breach management. The analysis builds on insights from high reliability organization theory and the literature on organizational structure. Results reveal that as a retail store increases its capacity to sense weak security breach signals, it observes decreases in store‐level inventory shrinkage, with this negative association amplified (dampened) when the retail store has formalized procedures and protocols for managing security breaches (has centralized decision making within the retail store). Moreover, while the establishment of formalized procedures and protocols for managing security breaches bolsters the capacity of a retail store to sense weak security breach signals, centralizing decision making has the opposite effect. Our findings contribute to the retail operations literature by introducing a new store‐level organizational capability to guard against theft‐based retail inventory shrinkage and by offering novel insights into how and why organizational structure at the level of a retail store deters or facilitates the capacity to sense weak security breach signals. From a practical perspective, these findings advise retailers to develop the capability to become aware of and to mitigate security breaches. Further, to support this capacity, retailers are urged to decentralize decision making to retail store personnel and to invest in formalizing procedures and protocols for managing security breaches in order to deter retail thefts that shrink retail store inventory.