bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing the origins of SARS-COV-2 in coronavirus phylogenies: a review
Authors: Sallard Erwan , Halloy José , Casane Didier , Decroly Etienne , van Helden Jacques 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSARS-CoV-2 is a new human coronavirus (CoV), which emerged in China in late 2019 and is responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic that caused more than 97 million infections and 2 million deaths in 12 months. Understanding the origin of this virus is an important issue, and it is necessary to determine the mechanisms of viral dissemination in order to contain future epidemics. Based on phylogenetic inferences, sequence analysis and structure–function relationships of coronavirus proteins, informed by the knowledge currently available on the virus, we discuss the different scenarios on the origin—natural or synthetic—of the virus. The data currently available are not sufficient to firmly assert whether SARS-CoV2 results from a zoonotic emergence or from an accidental escape of a laboratory strain. This question needs to be solved because it has important consequences on the risk/benefit balance of our interactions with ecosystems, on intensive breeding of wild and domestic animals, on some laboratory practices and on scientific policy and biosafety regulations. Regardless of COVID-19 origin, studying the evolution of the molecular mechanisms involved in the emergence of pandemic viruses is essential to develop therapeutic and vaccine strategies and to prevent future zoonoses. This article is a translation and update of a French article published in Médecine/Sciences, August/September 2020 (10.1051/medsci/2020123).
The role of traditional knowledge policies in Egypt: the case of Wadi Allaqi
Authors: Kandal Hanaa A. , Swart Jac. A. A. , Yacoub Hoda A. , Gerkema Menno P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractGlobally, traditional knowledge is at stake, notwithstanding intentions recorded in international policy conventions. Egypt has accepted and ratified several conventions on implementation of traditional knowledge in the fields of environment and sustainable development; yet this implementation is hampered by a lack of concrete plans. Focusing on the Bedouin community in the Southern Egypt protectorate of Wadi Allaqi, this paper investigates whether traditional knowledge plays a role in Egyptian policy, as reflected in policy documents and by interviews with regional stakeholders. We found that local actors of Wadi Allaqi protectorate-involved institutions appreciate the importance of traditional knowledge especially in environmental affairs. It can be concluded that a strengthened position of traditional knowledge in regulation and law should be supplemented by social measures and actions to overcome bureaucratic, geographical, and communicative barriers. Derived recommendations imply that the perspective of the Bedouin community should be taken into account.
How Quantum is Quantum Counterfactual Communication?
Authors: Hance Jonte R. , Ladyman James , Rarity John 
Published: February 2021

AbstractQuantum Counterfactual Communication is the recently-proposed idea of using quantum physics to send messages between two parties, without any matter/energy transfer associated with the bits sent. While this has excited massive interest, both for potential ‘unhackable’ communication, and insight into the foundations of quantum mechanics, it has been asked whether this process is essentially quantum, or could be performed classically. We examine counterfactual communication, both classical and quantum, and show that the protocols proposed so far for sending signals that don’t involve matter/energy transfer associated with the bits sent must be quantum, insofar as they require wave-particle duality.
The differences of damage initiation and accumulation of DP steels: a numerical and experimental analysis
Authors: Pütz Felix , Shen Fuhui , Könemann Markus , Münstermann Sebastian 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMany studies have examined the damage behaviour of dual-phase steels already. It is a topic of high interest, since understanding the mechanisms of damage during forming processes enables the production of steels with improved properties and damage tolerance. However, the focus was rarely on the comparison between representatives of this steel class, and the numerical simulation for the quantification of damage states was not thoroughly used. Therefore, this study compares the damage initiation and accumulation of two dual-phase steels (DP800 and DP1000), which are used in the automotive industry. Additionally, parameter sets of a phenomenological damage mechanics model with coupled damage evolution are calibrated for each material. The combined analysis reveals an earlier initiation of damage for the DP800, where the damage accumulation phase is prolonged. For DP1000 the damage nucleates only shortly before material failure. The material model is able to correctly predict the behaviour, while experimental analysis confirms the prediction via light optical and SEM metallography.
Mode I fatigue limit of notched structures: A deeper insight into Finite Fracture Mechanics
Authors: Sapora Alberto , Cornetti Pietro , Campagnolo Alberto , Meneghetti Giovanni 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the present contribution, the coupled stress-energy criterion of Finite Fracture Mechanics (FFM) is applied to assess the fatigue limit of structures weakened by sharp V- and U-notches and subjected to mode I loading conditions. The FFM is a critical-distance-based approach whose implementation requires the knowledge of two material properties, namely the plain material fatigue limit and the threshold value of the stress intensity factor (SIF) range for the fatigue crack growth of long cracks. However, the FFM critical distance is a structural parameter, being a function not only of the material but also of the geometry of the notched component. Experimental notch fatigue results taken from the literature and referred to a variety of materials and geometrical configurations are compared with FFM theoretical estimations, obtained through simple semi-analytical relationships. The case of semi-circular edge notches is also dealt with.
Start-ups, Innovation and Knowledge Spillovers
Authors: Audretsch David Bruce , Belitski Maksim , Caiazza Rosa 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship (KSTE) seeks to explain the mechanisms of how uncommercialized knowledge can be turned into new to market products. This paper uses a large unbalanced panel of 16,542 UK firms constructed from six consecutive waves of a community innovation survey and annual business registry survey during 2002–2014 to test the differences in the returns to knowledge spillover for innovation between start-ups and incumbent firms. The theoretical, managerial, and policy implications of the study are discussed.
Climate change, habitat connectivity, and conservation gaps: a case study of four ungulate species endemic to the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Liang Jianchao , Ding Zhifeng , Jiang Zhigang , Yang Xiaojun , Xiao Rongbo , Singh Paras Bikram , Hu Yiming , Guo Keji , Zhang Zhixiang , Hu Huijian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Context
Habitat connectivity is essential for the long-term persistence of species, but is commonly disregarded in climate change impact studies. The Tibetan Plateau contains a biome rich in endemic ungulates, which are highly sensitive to climatic variations and deserve particular attention in conservation planning against climate change.

Objectives
We evaluated the response and vulnerability of habitat connectivity to climate change for four ungulate species endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, and examined the robustness of protected areas (PAs) for the conservation of these species under climate change.

Methods
For each focal species, we developed ecological niche models to predict the spatial variations in habitat under climate change and conducted a network-theoretical analysis to estimate the consequent changes in habitat connectivity. Moreover, we used the circuit theory to characterize dispersal patterns of these species and conducted gap analyses to estimate the contribution of existing PAs to the conservation of these species.

Results
The four focal species will experience a remarkable connectivity loss that outpaced their habitat loss in response to climate change. Currently, 53.39 and 46.64% of the areas that could contribute to the habitat suitability and connectivity, respectively, of these species are unprotected. These values could further increase under future climate conditions.

Conclusions
Climate-driven habitat variations may lead to the loss of key connectivity areas between the habitats of ungulates, causing disproportionate decrease in habitat connectivity. The existing PAs on the Tibetan Plateau are not robust for the conservation of the four ungulates. Adjustment of certain key PAs may help to address the conservation gaps.
The hegemony of the practical in embodied cognitive science and the question of bodily vulnerability
Authors: Bonnemann Jens 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhen perception is made the subject of philosophy, it is primarily understood as pre-theoretical sensual knowledge, and the question of its truth content becomes the focus of attention. In contrast, approaches that fall within the philosophy of embodiment quite rightly point out that perception is bodily anchored and closely linked to interests in action. The primacy of knowledge is therefore substituted by a primacy of praxis. This article aims to point out the blind spots that such a hegemony of the practical entails. In a phenomenological way, it is to be shown that beside the aspect of instrumentality, perceptive situations are also experienced as pleasant or unpleasant as such. This points to the importance of the pathical character of perception. However, it is not a call to enthrone the primacy of affect instead of the primacy of practice. The paper concludes with a thought on the philosophy of pedagogy and education. Proceeding from that perceptive position, it is argued that film in particular offers a chance to apply the phenomenology of pathical perception to the field of intersubjectivity.
Human behavioral pattern analysis-based anomaly detection system in residential space
Authors: Choi Seunghyun , Kim Changgyun , Kang Yong-Shin , Youm Sekyoung 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIncreasingly, research has analyzed human behavior in various fields. The fourth industrial revolution technology is very useful for analyzing human behavior. From the viewpoint of the residential space monitoring system, the life patterns in human living spaces vary widely, and it is very difficult to find abnormal situations. Therefore, this study proposes a living space-based monitoring system. The system includes the behavioral analysis of monitored subjects using a deep learning methodology, behavioral pattern derivation using the PrefixSpan algorithm, and the anomaly detection technique using sequence alignment. Objectivity was obtained through behavioral recognition using deep learning rather than subjective behavioral recording, and the time to derive a pattern was shortened using the PrefixSpan algorithm among sequential pattern algorithms. The proposed system provides personalized monitoring services by applying the methodology of other fields to human behavior. Thus, the system can be extended using another methodology or fourth industrial revolution technology.
Epistemic and poietic intentional processes
Authors: Lubacz Józef 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe examine the intentional processes that correspond to conceptualizations of activities performed by subjects with the intention of achieving an objective. Taking as its basis a general framework of intentional processes, two types of such process are considered: epistemic ones, aimed at acquiring knowledge about something, and poietic ones, aimed at bringing about something. The “something” is understood as anything that the processes can pertain to: a physical, mental or abstract object, a phenomenon, a state of affairs, etc. The generic features of such processes are discussed, with focus on: (1) features that are common for epistemic and poietic intentional processes as well as on features that differentiate them, (2) the dynamic and static features of the processes, and on (3) issues involved in controlling the progression of the processes towards intended objectives. The latter issue is the essential part of our considerations, the two former establish the necessary conceptual framework. The presented analysis aims at shedding light on these aspects of human intentional activities which can be considered virtually independent of any specific area of human intentional activity, be it natural sciences, humanities or technology.
Die psychische Gesundheit von Geflüchteten in Deutschland
Authors: Keller Alex Maximilian , Hajji Rahim 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Erfahrung von (Bürger‑)Krieg, von politischen, wirtschaftlichen sowie sozialen Krisen im Herkunftsland, das Erleben von Bedrohung, Ausbeutung auf der Flucht und die Wahrnehmung von Abwertung und Ablehnung im Aufnahmeland stellen Belastungserlebnisse dar, die die psychische Gesundheit von Geflüchteten beeinträchtigen können.

Fragestellung
Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung steht die Frage, ob das Gefühl „willkommen zu sein“ im Aufnahmeland Deutschland im direkten oder indirekten Zusammenhang mit der psychischen Gesundheit der Geflüchteten steht und inwieweit die Lebenszufriedenheit als Mediator den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Gefühl „willkommen zu sein“ und der psychischen Gesundheit der Geflüchteten erklären kann.

Methodik
Die Studie basiert auf der IAB-BAMF-SOEP-Befragung. Die Daten von 4321 Geflüchteten aus dem Erhebungsjahr 2018, welche in Deutschland zwischen Januar 2013 und Dezember 2016 einen Asylantrag gestellt haben, sind ausgewertet worden. Zur Beantwortung der Fragestellung ist eine Mediationsanalyse durchgeführt worden.

Ergebnisse
Das Gefühl „willkommen zu sein“ wirkt sich indirekt über die Lebenszufriedenheit als Mediator auf die psychische Gesundheit der Geflüchteten aus.

Schlussfolgerungen
Deutschland kann durch die Entwicklung der Willkommenskultur Einfluss auf das Gefühl „willkommen zu sein“ nehmen und damit die Lebenszufriedenheit der Geflüchteten fördern und in der Folge ihre psychische Gesundheit stärken.
Accumulated effects of chronic, acute and man-induced erosion in Nørlev strand on the Danish west coast
Authors: Rivero Ofelia Yocasta , Margheritini Lucia , Frigaard Peter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper provides an in-depth analysis of the erosion at Nørlev Strand located on the Danish west coast. This location suffers from severe erosion; the result of a combined chronic, acute and, at least partially, man-induced erosion. The analysis is done by studying the average climatic conditions in the vicinity, and the effects of storms. Analysis shows an increase in the measured moderate to large wave events and consequent connection of the erosion problem to climate change. Other effects of climate change such as increase in rainfall were also considered and a surprisingly good correlation was found between coastal erosion in Nørlev and national storm records. Furthermore, a shift in mean wave direction has also been noted in the case of waves coming from the north. The significance that these changes can have in the sediment is assessed quantitatively through numerical modelling.
Chronic hypoparathyroidism and treatment with teriparatide
Authors: Marcucci Gemma , Masi Laura , Cianferotti Luisella , Giusti Francesca , Fossi Caterina , Parri Simone , Gronchi Giorgio , Brandi Maria Luisa 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Chronic hypoparathyroidism is usually treated with calcium and active vitamin D metabolites or analogs, despite the fact that their chronic use can lead to long-term complications. The use of hormone replacement therapy with PTH peptides [teriparatide and rhPTH (1–84)] has therefore been proposed. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of teriparatide dose at 20 µg once or twice daily, in order to maintain normocalcemia reducing standard treatment, in adult patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism not well controlled with conventional treatment.

Methods
The study was a Phase III, open-label, non-comparative, clinical investigation (study period: 3 months), at a tertiary care clinical research center. Thirty patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism were screened, and 12 started teriparatide. After the optimization phase (0–4 weeks), calcium and calcitriol supplements were progressively reduced, while teriparatide 20 µg once daily was administered (5–7 weeks), and then could be titrated up to 20 µg twice daily (7–17 weeks). The main outcome measures included serum and urinary biochemical exams and Rand 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.

Results
This study showed that teriparatide 20 µg once daily was insufficient to discontinue calcium and calcitriol supplements to maintain normal serum calcium concentrations. Conversely, for more than half of patients treated with teriparatide 20 µg twice daily, calcium and calcitriol administration was avoidable, but in some cases at the expense of serum calcium and phosphate oscillations.

Conclusions
Since intervention trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of teriparatide in hypoparathyroid patients are not yet available, the routine use of this molecule poses some doubts.
Water shutoff and conformance improvement: an introduction
Authors: Seright Randy , Brattekas Bergit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper provides an introduction to the topic of water shutoff and conformance improvement. After indicating the volumes of water produced during oilfield operations, a strategy is provided for attacking excess water production problems. Problem types are categorized, typical methods of problem diagnosis are mentioned, and the range of solutions is introduced for each problem type. In the third section of the paper, the concept of disproportionate permeability reduction is introduced—where polymers and gels may reduce permeability to water more than to oil or gas. When and where this property is of value is discussed. The fourth section describes the properties of formed gels as they extrude through fractures and how those properties can be of value when treating conformance problems caused by fractures. Section 5 covers the efficiency with which gels block fractures after gel placement—especially, the impact of fluids injected subsequent to the gel treatment.
Biochar from lab-scale pyrolysis: influence of feedstock and operational temperature
Authors: Ferraro Giovanni , Pecori Giuditta , Rosi Luca , Bettucci Lorenzo , Fratini Emiliano , Casini David , Rizzo Andrea Maria , Chiaramonti David 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBiochar properties are highly dependent on the feedstock type and operational conditions during thermochemical processing, in particular slow pyrolysis. To clarify this aspect, nine biochars were produced by pyrolyzing in a macro TGA at 400, 550, and 650 °C three different decorticated and chopped biomasses. The studied biomasses are representative of conifer (black pine) and deciduous (poplar and willow) woods. Biochar surface area, size, and shape of pores were investigated by means of nitrogen adsorption isotherm, Hg porosimetry, and electron microscopy. The results indicate that biochars with high surface area can be obtained at high temperature, especially starting from pine feedstock. Regarding porosity, micro-pores (1–10 nm) are not remarkably affected by the starting feedstocks, while macro-pores (> 10 nm) are strictly connected with the morphology of the starting wood. More than the surface area, we found a strong correlation between the chemical composition (elemental composition and FTIR) of the biochars and their retention and release capacity of ions (cation exchange capacity, CEC). The trend in the CEC, determined via coupled approach by spectrophotometric and ion chromatography, reveals that the increase in the processing temperature has the effect of reducing the number of functional groups able of exchanging the cations with the equilibrium solution. This work represents a step forward in the characterization of the char produced by pyrolysis of biomass thanks to the development of a multi-technique approach allowing to obtain a structure-property correlation of the biochars. Our results and experimental approach can help in the optimization of the parameters used in the preparation of these materials.
Graphical abstract
The nature buffer: the missing link in climate change and mental health research
Authors: Dillman-Hasso Naseem 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe connections between climate change and mental health are well known (Berry et al., Int J Publ Health 55(2):123–132, 2010; Clayton and Manning 2018; Kim et al., J Environ Sci Health C 32(3):299–318, 2014). Research also points to the positive impacts of nature on mental health, well-being, and attention (Capaldi et al., Int J Wellbeing 5(4):1–16, 2015; Kaplan and Kaplan 1989; Tillmann et al., J Epidemiol Community Health 72(10):958–966, 2018). However, no empirical research has examined how degradation of nature as a result of climate change can impact the mental health benefits that nature provides. This paper first reviews the existing research on the negative mental health consequences of climate change and the benefits of nature exposure for stress, mental health, and well-being. The connection between these two lines of research is examined in order to fully understand the impacts of climate change on mental health. Suggestions for future research are included.
Effect of Posterior Tracheopexy on Risk of Recurrence in Children after Recurrent Tracheo-Esophageal Fistula Repair
Authors: Kamran Ali , Zendejas Benjamin , Meisner Jay , Choi Sukgi S. , Munoz-San Julian Carlos , Ngo Peter , Manfredi Michael , Yasuda Jessica L. , Smithers Jason C , Hamilton Thomas E. , Jennings Russell W. 
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:
A recurrent tracheo-esophageal fistula can complicate esophageal atresia and tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF) repair in children. Therapeutic approaches and the rate of recurrence vary widely. Most reports are limited by small cohorts and short-term follow-up, and rates of re-recurrence are substantial, making it difficult to select the treatment of choice. We aimed to review our experience with the treatment of recurrent TEF using posterior tracheopexy, focusing on operative risks and long-term outcomes.

STUDY DESIGN:
We conducted a retrospective review of patients with esophageal atresia TEF with recurrent TEF treated at 2 institutions from 2011 to 2020. We approach recurrent TEFs surgically. Once the TEF is divided and repaired, the membranous trachea is sutured to the anterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (posterior tracheopexy) and the esophagus is rotated into the right chest (rotational esophagoplasty), separating the suture lines widely. To detect re-recurrence, patients undergo endoscopic surveillance during follow-up.

RESULTS:
Sixty-two patients with a recurrent TEF were surgically treated (posterior tracheopexy/rotational esophagoplasty) at a median age of 14 months. All had significant respiratory symptoms. On referral, 24 had earlier failed endoscopic and/or surgical attempts at repair. Twenty-nine required a concomitant esophageal anastomotic stricturoplasty or stricture resection. Postoperative morbidity included 3 esophageal leaks, and 1 transient vocal cord dysfunction. We have identified no recurrences, with a median follow-up of 2.5 years, and all symptoms have resolved.

CONCLUSIONS:
The surgical treatment of recurrent TEFs that incorporates a posterior tracheopexy and rotational esophagoplasty is highly effective for preventing re-recurrence with low perioperative morbidity.