bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Plasmonic Photocatalysis Based on TiO2 and Noble Metal Nanoparticles for Energy Conversion, Environmental Remediation, and Organic Synthesis
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Choudhary Priyanka , Kumar Ashish , Camargo Pedro H. C. , Krishnan Venkata 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPlasmonic photocatalysis has emerged as a prominent and growing field. It enables the efficient use of sunlight as an abundant and renewable energy source to drive a myriad of chemical reactions. For instance, plasmonic photocatalysis in materials comprising TiO2 and plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) enables effective charge carrier separation and the tuning of optical response to longer wavelength regions (visible and near infrared). In fact, TiO2‐based materials and plasmonic effects are at the forefront of heterogeneous photocatalysis, having applications in energy conversion, production of liquid fuels, wastewater treatment, nitrogen fixation, and organic synthesis. This review aims to comprehensively summarize the fundamentals and to provide the guidelines for future work in the field of TiO2‐based plasmonic photocatalysis comprising the above‐mentioned applications. The concepts and state‐of‐the‐art description of important parameters including the formation of Schottky junctions, hot electron generation and transfer, near field electromagnetic enhancement, plasmon resonance energy transfer, scattering, and photothermal heating effects have been covered in this review. Synthetic approaches and the effect of various physicochemical parameters in plasmon‐mediated TiO2‐based materials on performances are discussed. It is envisioned that this review may inspire and provide insights into the rational development of the next generation of TiO2‐based plasmonic photocatalysts with target performances and enhanced selectivities.
Advances and Prospects in Metal–Organic Frameworks as Key Nexus for Chemocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhang Lina , Zhang Ke , Wang Chengming , Liu Yanyan , Wu Xianli , Peng Zhikun , Cao Huaqiang , Li Baojun , Jiang Jianchun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHydrogen is a clean and sustainable energy carrier, which is considered a promising alternative for fossil fuels to solve the global energy crisis and respond to climate change. Social concerns on its safe storage promote continuous exploration of alternatives to traditional storage methods. In this case, chemical hydrogen storage materials initiate plentiful research with special attention to the design of heterogeneous catalysts that can enhance efficient and highly selective hydrogen production. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a kind of unique crystalline porous materials featuring highly ordered porosities and tailorable structures, can provide various active sites (i.e., metal nodes, functional linkers, and defects) for heterogeneous catalysis. Furthermore, the easy construction of active sites in highly ordered MOFs, which can work as plate for the delicate active site engineering, make them ideal candidates for a variety of heterogeneous catalysts including chemocatalytic hydrogen production. This review concentrates on the application of MOFs as heterogeneous catalysts or catalyst supports in chemocatalytic hydrogen production. Recent progresses of MOFs as catalysts for chemocatalytic hydrogen production are comprehensively summarized. The research methods, mechanism analyses, and prospects of MOFs in this field are discussed. The challenges in future industrial applications of MOFs as catalysts for hydrogen production are proposed.
Photodepositing CdS on the Active Cyano Groups Decorated g‐C3N4 in Z‐Scheme Manner Promotes Visible‐Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wang Zhipeng , Wang Zilin , Zhu Xiaodi , Ai Changzhi , Zeng Yamei , Shi Wenyan , Zhang Xidong , Zhang Haoran , Si Hewei , Li Jin , Wang Cai‐Zhuang , Lin Shiwei 
Published: August 2021

Abstractg‐C3N4/CdS heterojunctions are potential photocatalysts for hydrogen production but their traditional type‐II configuration generally leads to weak oxidative and reductive activity. How to construct the novel Z‐scheme g‐C3N4/CdS counterparts to address this issue remains a great challenge in this field. In this work, a new direct Z‐scheme heterojunction of defective g‐C3N4/CdS is designed by introducing cyano groups (NC‐) as the active bridge sites. Experimental observations in combination with density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the unique electron‐withdrawing feature of cyano groups in the defective g‐C3N4/CdS heterostructure can endow this photocatalyst with numerous advantageous properties including high light absorption ability, strong redox performance, satisfactory charge separation efficiency, and long lifetime of charge carriers. Consequently, the resultant photocatalytic system exhibits more active performance than CdS and g‐C3N4 under visible light and reaches an excellent hydrogen evolution rate of 1809.07 µmol h−1 g−1, which is 6.09 times higher than pristine g‐C3N4. Moreover, the defective g‐C3N4/CdS photocatalyst maintains good stability after 40 h continuous test. This work provides new insights into design and construction of Z‐scheme heterojunctions for regulating the visible‐light‐induced photocatalytic activity for H2 evolution.
Recent Advances of Furan and Its Derivatives Based Semiconductor Materials for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Zheng Bing , Huo Lijun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe state‐of‐the‐art bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ)‐type organic solar cells (OSCs) have exhibited power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of exceeding 18%. Thereinto, thiophene and its fused‐ring derivatives play significant roles in facilitating the development of OSCs due to their excellent semiconducting natures. Furan as thiophene analogue, is a ubiquitous motif in naturally occurring organic compounds. Driven by the advantages of furan, such as less steric hindrance, good solubility, excellent stacking, strong rigidity and fluorescence, biomass derived fractions, more and more research groups focus on the furan‐based materials for using in OSCs in the past decade. To systematically understand the developments of furan‐based photovoltaic materials, the relationships between the molecular structures, optoelectronic properties, and photovoltaic performances for the furan‐based semiconductor materials including single furan, benzofuran, benzodifuran (BDF) (containing thienobenzofuran (TBF)), naphthodifurans (NDF), and polycyclic furan are summarized. Finally, the empirical regularities and perspectives of the development of this kind of new organic semiconductor materials are extracted.
Boosting the Electrochemical Performance of V2O3 by Anchoring on Carbon Nanotube Microspheres with Macrovoids for Ultrafast and Long‐Life Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Park Jin‐Sung , Yang Sungjin , Kang Yun Chan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractZinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are next‐generation energy storage systems with high safety and environmental friendliness because they can be operated in aqueous systems. However, the search for electrode materials with ideal nanostructures and compositions for aqueous ZIBs is in progress. Herein, the synthesis of porous microspheres, consisting of V2O3 anchored on entangled carbon nanotubes (p‐V2O3‐CNT) and their application as cathode for ZIBs is reported. From various analyses, it is revealed that V2O3 phase disappears after the initial charge process, and Zn3+x(OH)2+3xV2−xO7−3x∙2H2O and zinc vanadate (ZnyVOz) phases undergo zinc‐ion intercalation/deintercalation processes from the second cycle. Additionally, the electrochemical performances of p‐V2O3‐CNT, V2O3‐CNT (without macrovoids), and porous V2O3 (without CNTs) microspheres are compared to determine the effects of nanostructures and conductive carbonaceous matrix on the zinc‐ion storage performance. p‐V2O3‐CNT exhibits a high reversible capacity of 237 mA h g−1 after 5000 cycles at 10 A g−1. Furthermore, a reversible capacity of 211 mA h g−1 is obtained at an extremely high current density of 50 A g−1. The macrovoids in V2O3 nanostructure effectively alleviate the volume changes during cycling, and the entangled CNTs with high electrical conductivity assist in achieving fast electrochemical kinetics.
Anion‐Doped Cobalt Selenide with Porous Architecture for High‐Rate and Flexible Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Feng Tao , Zhao Teng , Zhu Shuangfei , Zhang Nanxiang , Wei Zhuangzhuang , Wang Ke , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEmerging catalytic host for sulfur is an effective approach to breaking the limits of lithium–sulfur batteries for practical applications. Herein, the hydrangea‐shaped Co0.85Se electrocatalyst with macroporous architecture is synthesized. Besides, to improve the electronic conductivity of Co0.85Se, some defects (S‐doped) are introduced into the structure of crystals. The S‐doped Co0.85Se exhibited an outstanding electrocatalytic effect on lithium polysulfides conversion and can induce and regulate uniform growth of insoluble Li2S on its surface due to the synergistic adsorption by Se and S. As a result, the S/C cathode achieved a high initial capacity of 1340.6 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C and a stable cycling capacity of 666.6 mAh g−1 at 1 C after 500 cycles by 5 wt% Co0.85SeS additions. Moreover, high S loading cathodes are designed through in situ synthesis of Co0.85SeS on flexible carbon cloth (Co0.85SeS@CC). The porous and open framework of Co0.85SeS@CC facilitated electrolyte infiltration and accommodated the volume change of sulfur during the charge/discharge process. Taking by these advantages, a high areal capacity of 9.663 mAh cm−2 is achieved at a high sulfur loading of 9.98 mg cm−2. Even at a high current density of 15 mA cm−2, a reversible capacity of 603.7 mAh g−1 is maintained at a sulfur loading of 6.52 mg cm−2. This proposed work provides a feasible approach to high‐rate and flexible Li–S batteries.
Highly sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry assay for the determination of azathioprine in presence of mercaptopurine and its application to a human pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Valluri Venkat Rao , Katari Naresh Kumar , Khatri Chirag , Vyas Govind , Polagani Srinivasa Rao , Ponnam Vijetha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA highly sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to estimate azathioprine in presence of its active metabolite mercaptopurine in human plasma. The analyte and isotope‐labeled internal standards were extracted from 300 μL human plasma by a solid‐phase extraction technique. The method was revealed good linearity over a concentration range of 0.151 to 49.500 ng/mL for azathioprine, containing 50.000 ng/mL of mercaptopurine in all the quality control samples. The detection was established using multiple reaction monitoring method. The method validation was carried out as per the present guidelines on bioanalytical method validation of European medicines agency and United States Food and Drug Administration. The current method was successfully applied to study the pharmacokinetics of azathioprine 50 mg tablets on healthy human volunteers. The results of pharmacokinetic parameters have demonstrated that, estimation of azathioprine in presence of mercaptopurine has no impact on azathioprine results.
Characterization of enzymatic activity of lysozyme in lysozyme–ovotransferrin complex before and after treatment with trypsin
Authors: Shimazaki Youji , Yabu Shunta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe native complex of lysozyme and ovotransferrin was isolated after the separation of egg white proteins using non‐denaturing isoelectric focusing, and mobilization toward the cathode by replacement of the cathodic sodium hydroxide solution with a phosphoric acid solution. The treatment of the lysozyme–ovotransferrin complex with trypsin significantly increased the enzymatic activity of lysozyme. Likewise, an increase in the enzymatic activity of lysozyme was also obtained when a mixture of the purified lysozyme and ovotransferrin was treated with trypsin. The increase in lysozyme enzymatic activity after tryptic treatment of the lysozyme–ovotransferrin complex resulted from the liberation of lysozyme from this complex. This was a consequence of the resistance of lysozyme to tryptic digestion and the digestion of ovotransferrin by trypsin into peptide fragments, which do not bind the lysozyme. The developed methodology could be used for the separation and isolation of other protein complexes and for testing their enzymatic and other activities.
Invasive Lake Trout Reproduction in Yellowstone Lake under an Active Suppression Program
Authors: Heredia Nicholas A. , Gresswell Robert E. , Webb Molly A. H. , Brenden Travis O. , Sandstrom Philip T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn Yellowstone Lake, predation by invasive Lake TroutSalvelinus namaycushhas caused significant abundance declines in native Yellowstone Cutthroat TroutOncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri. Lake Trout suppression has been ongoing since 1995; assessment and simulation modeling are used to measure suppression effectiveness and guide efforts. Lake Trout reproduction demographics are linked to these modeling efforts via quantification of the population stock–recruitment relationship. To improve estimation of this relationship for Lake Trout in Yellowstone Lake, we assessed reproduction demographics by quantifying spawning periodicity, size at maturity, and female fecundity. Histological assessment suggested that females with a gonadosomatic index (GSI) >3.0 and males with a GSI >1.0 were capable of spawning. Approximately 65% of mature females appeared to have spawned on an annual cycle. In 2015, the mean absolute and relative fecundities were 4,612 eggs and 1,535 eggs/kg, respectively; temporal differences in relative fecundity (1996, 2006, 2007, and 2015) were not statistically significant. Lake Trout population fecundity has declined from a peak in 2010 due to reduction in abundance of spawners. The estimated population fecundity of approximately 4.7 million eggs in 2020 represents an 81% decline from the mean estimate of previous samples and an 87% reduction from peak population fecundity. Despite declines in population fecundity, age‐2 recruitment has increased in recent years; our results suggest these increases are not related to changes in reproductive demographics, but rather are related to increased prerecruitment survival. Our results provide information for understanding temporal variation in spawning stock biomass of Lake Trout in Yellowstone Lake and the capacity of the population to respond to suppression. When responding to an invasive species, fishery managers should recognize that population characteristics (e.g., reproduction demographics, population dynamics) in invaded systems may differ from those in the species’ native range; such differences can influence the effectiveness of management actions and policies.
Amelioratory effect of neoandrographolide on myocardial ischemic‐reperfusion injury by its anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic activities
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Yun , Zhang Hong‐Li , Yu Fen‐Fang , Yin Xiao‐Rui , Zhao Yan‐Fang , Ye Fei , Wu Xiang‐Qi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the present study, we aimed to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of neoandrographolide (Neo) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R) models and explore its possible mechanism. We randomly and equally divided male mice into sham‐operation, I/R, and I/R + Neo groups. H9C2 cell line and primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were induced into the simulated I/R's status and used to further validate the Neo's role in vitro. Heart systolic function, indexes of myocardial injury (IMI), infarct size, pathological change, cell apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines, and indexes related to apoptotic and NF‐κB signaling pathways were analyzed in vivo or in vitro after the Neo treatment. Compared to the I/R group, Neo significantly suppressed IMI, infarct size, inflammatory cell infiltration, cell apoptosis, inflammatory cytokines, bax, cleaved caspase‐3, P‐IKBa, and P‐NF‐κB protein expressions, and the translocation of NF‐kB subunit p65 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in vivo or in vitro. Still, ejected fraction, fractional shortening, and the bcl‐2 protein expression were notably increased after the Neo treatment. Neo could be developed into a new drug for treating myocardial I/R by inhibiting myocardial inflammation and apoptosis, which was closely related to suppressing the activation of bax/bcl‐2 and NF‐κB signaling pathways.
LeptospiraHardjo introduction in certified‐free dairy herds in the Netherlands
Authors: Aalberts Marian , van den Brink Katrien , van den Heuvel Kristel , van Wuijckhuise Linda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe DutchLeptospiraHardjo control programme was established to prevent human and veterinary cases of leptospirosis. All dairy farms and 33% of non‐dairy farms participate in the programme. It is based on antibody testing of bulk milk and serum. In 2013, the herd prevalence in non‐dairy herds was very low, at 0.8%, while all dairy herds were free. If an infection is suspected, farms lose their free status, which impedes the trading of animals. Therefore, national trade is considered to be a limited risk for the spread ofL. Hardjo. In 2019, the numbers of imported cattle, and also ofL. Hardjo seropositive imported cattle, increased. This case study describes the spread of leptospirosis in dairy herds after the importation ofL. Hardjo seropositive cattle and measures that were undertaken to stop the spread of infections and to monitor infected farms to prevent further spread.
Convection‐permitting modeling with regional climate models: Latest developments and next steps
Authors: Lucas‐Picher Philippe , Argüeso Daniel , Brisson Erwan , Tramblay Yves , Berg Peter , Lemonsu Aude , Kotlarski Sven , Caillaud Cécile 
Published: August 2021

AbstractApproximately 10 years ago, convection‐permitting regional climate models (CPRCMs) emerged as a promising computationally affordable tool to produce fine resolution (1–4 km) decadal‐long climate simulations with explicitly resolved deep convection. This explicit representation is expected to reduce climate projection uncertainty related to deep convection parameterizations found in most climate models. A recent surge in CPRCM decadal simulations over larger domains, sometimes covering continents, has led to important insights into CPRCM advantages and limitations. Furthermore, new observational gridded datasets with fine spatial and temporal (~1 km; ~1 h) resolutions have leveraged additional knowledge through evaluations of the added value of CPRCMs. With an improved coordination in the frame of ongoing international initiatives, the production of ensembles of CPRCM simulations is expected to provide more robust climate projections and a better identification of their associated uncertainties. This review paper presents an overview of the methodology to produce CPRCM simulations and the latest research on the related added value in current and future climates. Impact studies that are already taking advantage of these new CPRCM simulations are highlighted. This review paper ends by proposing next steps that could be accomplished to continue exploiting the full potential of CPRCMs.This article is categorized under:Climate Models and Modeling > Earth System Models
A Combined Theoretical and Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study of Al3Hn− (n=1–9) clusters
Authors: Xu Jing , Zhang Xinxing , Wang Haopeng , Fu Lijuan , Li Xiang , Grubisic Andrej , Harris Rachel M. , Eichhorn Bryan , Gantefoer Gerd , Ding Yihong , Kiran Boggavarapu , Kandalam Anil K. , Bowen Kit H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCombined photoelectron spectroscopic experiments and computational studies have been performed on Al3Hn− (n=1–9) clusters. Three modes of hydrogen bonding to the Al3 moiety have been observed: terminal, bridging, and capping. Among various hydrides, Al3H5− and Al3H8− clusters have highest HOMO‐LUMO gap and largest electron affinity, respectively. Our studies indicate that as the number of hydrogen atoms increase the presence of AlH2 groups, representing the tetrahedral coordination of the Al atom, which in turn led to the stoichiometric ring structure.
Structure and Reactivity of Alkaline Metal Bis(amido)diazadiarsetidinides
Authors: Ritter Christian , Bergunde Jakob , Weigend Florian , von Hänisch Carsten 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA series of alkaline metal functionalised tert‐butyl substituted bis(amido)diazadiarsetidinides [(μ‐N(tBu)As)2(N(tBu)M)2] (M=K (1), Rb (2), Cs (3), Na⋅thf (4), Na (5)) were prepared and their solid state structures investigated in detail. Further substitution reactions with tert‐butyl substituted element chlorides of P, As, Sb and Bi were performed. The conversion of two equivalents tBu2AsCl (II) with 1–3 unexpectedly leads to the introduction of only one arsine moiety ([(μ‐N(tBu)As)2(N(tBu)H)(N(tBu)AstBu2] (6)) while the other nitrogen atom gets protonated by ether cleavage. The reaction of one equivalent tBuECl2 (E=As (III), Sb (IV)) with 1, 2 or 3 yielded the intended cage compounds [(μ‐N(tBu)As)2(NtBu)2EtBu] (E=As (7), Sb (8)) in high yields. Reaction of 1–3 with two equivalents of tBu2E'Cl (E’=Sb (V), Bi (VI)) yields the twofold substituted bis(amido)diazadiarsetidines [(μ‐N(tBu)As)2(N(tBu)E’tBu2)2] (E’=Sb (9), Bi (10)), which show weak intramolecular E’–E’ interactions.
Spin chains with boundary inhomogeneities
Authors: Nepomechie Rafael I. , Retore Ana L. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We investigate the effect of introducing a boundary inhomogeneity in the transfer matrix of an integrable open quantum spin chain. We find that it is possible to construct a local Hamiltonian, and to have quantum group symmetry. The boundary inhomogeneity has a profound effect on the Bethe ansatz solution.
Tensionless tales: vacua and critical dimensions
Authors: Bagchi Arjun , Mandlik Mangesh , Sharma Punit 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Recently, a careful canonical quantisation of the theory of closed bosonic tensionless strings has resulted in the discovery of three separate vacua and hence three different quantum theories that emerge from this single classical tensionless theory. In this note, we perform lightcone quantisation with the aim of determination of the critical dimension of these three inequivalent quantum theories. The satisfying conclusion of a rather long and tedious calculation is that one of vacua does not lead to any constraint on the number of dimensions, while the other two give D = 26. This implies that all three quantum tensionless theories can be thought of as consistent sub-sectors of quantum tensile bosonic closed string theory.
Tackling the SDC in AdS with CFTs
Authors: Baume Florent , Infante José Calderón 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We study the Swampland Distance Conjecture for supersymmetric theories with AdS5 backgrounds and fixed radius through their $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SCFT holographic duals. By the Maldacena-Zhiboedov theorem, around a large class of infinite-distance points there must exist a tower of exponentially massless higher-spin fields in the bulk, for which we find bounds on the decay rate in terms of the conformal data. We discuss the origin of this tower in the gravity side for type IIB compactification on S5 and its orbifolds, and comment about more general cases.