bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computerized morphometry analysis of epithelial fimbriae nuclear symmetry in BRCA carriers may identify patients at risk for developing ovarian cancer
Authors: Amit Amnon , Sabo Edmond , Petruseva Anna , Stroller Leah , Reiss Ari , Klorin Geula 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSerous ovarian tumors may originate in epithelial cells of the fallopian tubes. Computerized morphometry was able to find significant alterations in the fallopian tube epithelium of healthy BRCA carriers. The purpose of this study was to identify a subgroup of BRCA carriers that may be at risk of developing serous ovarian cancer by evaluation of the epithelial nuclear symmetry in the fallopian tubes. Four groups of patients were analyzed; healthy patients, ovarian cancer patients, BRCA carriers, and BRCA noncarriers. All fallopian tubes appeared normal by H&E examination. The ImageProPlus software was used to assess the nuclear symmetry of 65 fimbriae epithelium cells and an artificial neural network algorithm aided in detecting a subpopulation among fimbriae of healthy BRCA carriers at risk for ovarian cancer. Significant differences were found between healthy patients and ovarian cancer patients, and between BRCA carriers and noncarriers. The algorithm was able to accurately predict BRCA carriers with associated ovarian cancer based on fallopian tube nuclear symmetry characteristics. These results reinforce the hypothesis that fimbriae epithelial cells of BRCA carriers may undergo early‐stage changes that could predict the risk of progression toward malignancy.
A retrospective study of eating and psychosocial problems in patients with hepatic glycogen storage diseases and idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia: Towards a standard set of patient‐reported outcome measures
Authors: Venema Annieke , Peeks Fabian , de Bruijn‐van der Veen Marlies , de Boer Foekje , Fokkert‐Wilts Marieke J. , Lubout Charlotte M. A. , Huskens Bibi , Dumont Eric , Mulkens Sandra , Derks Terry G. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is a paucity in literature on eating and psychosocial problems in patients with hepatic glycogen storage disease (GSD) and idiopathic ketotic hypoglycemia (IKH), problems that can greatly affect quality of life. This is a monocentre, retrospective, observational mixed method study of patients with hepatic GSD or IKH treated at the Beatrix Children's Hospital Groningen, who had been referred to SeysCentra, a specialist centre for the treatment of eating problems. Additionally, a systematic literature review has been performed to identify instruments to quantify patient‐reported outcome measures of psychosocial problems in hepatic GSD patients. Sixteen patients from 12 families were included with ages ranging between 3 and 24 years. Five out of sixteen patients were diagnosed with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder and six patients showed characteristics of this disorder. Fourteen patients experienced sleeping problems, and 11 out of 12 parent couples experienced stress about the illness of their child. We subsequently identified 26 instruments to quantify patient‐reported outcome measures for GSD patients. This study demonstrates that GSD patients can develop Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder influencing quality of life at multiple domains. The identification of instruments to assess psychosocial wellbeing is an important step towards a standard set of patient‐reported outcome measures.
Transplacental transfer of RSV antibody in Australian First Nations infants
Authors: Homaira Nusrat , Binks Michael , Walker Gregory , Larter Natasha , Clark Katrina , Campbell Megan , McHugh Lisa , Briggs Nancy , Nyiro Joyce , Stelzer‐Braid Sacha , Hu Nan , Macartney Kristine , Snelling Tom , Omer Saad B. , Rawlinson William , Andrews Ross , Jaffe Adam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory infection hospitalisations in Aboriginal infants specifically those aged <6 months. Maternally derived RSV antibody (Ab) can protect against severe RSV disease in infancy. However, the efficiency of transplacental transfer of maternal anti‐RSV Ab remains unknown in Aboriginal infants. We characterised RSV Ab in Australian First Nations mother‐infant pairs (n = 78). We investigated impact of covariates including low birthweight, gestational age (GA), sex of the baby, maternal age and multiparity of the mother on cord to maternal anti‐RSV Ab titre ratio (CMTR) using multivariable logistic regression model. All (n = 78) but one infant was born full term (median GA: 39 weeks, interquartile range: 38–40 weeks) and 56% were males. The mean log2 RSV Ab titre was 10.7 (SD± 1.3) in maternal serum and 11.0 (SD ± 1.3) in cord serum at birth; a ratio of 1.02 (SD ± 0.06). One‐third of the pairs had a CMTR of <1 indicating impaired transfer. Almost 9% (7/78) of the term infants had cord RSV Ab levels below <log2 9. Covariates showed no effect on CMTR. Further mechanistic research is needed to determine the significance of these findings on RSV disease in First Nations children.
Outcomes of Covid 19 patients—Are Hispanics at greater risk?
Authors: Nanchal Rahul , Patel Dhaval , Guddati Achuta Kumar , Sakhuja Ankit , Meersman Mark , Dalton Drew , Kumar Gagan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDisparities in outcomes exist in outcomes of coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19). Little is known about other ethnic minorities in United States. We included all COVID‐19 positive adult patients (≥18 years) hospitalized between March 1, 2020 and February 5th 2021. We compared in hospital mortality, use of intensive care unit services and inflammatory markers between non‐Hispanic whites with non‐White/Black Hispanic. Multivariable Cox proportional Hazard models were used to adjust for differences between the two groups. There were 4059 hospital admissions with COVID‐19 in the study period. Of the 3288 White, 789 (24%) required intensive care unit (ICU) admission in comparison to 187 (24.3%) of the 770 Hispanics. Unadjusted mortality was higher in Whites than Hispanics (17.1% vs. 10.7%; p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounding variables, in‐hospital mortality was not statistically different for Whites in comparison to Hispanics (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76–1.21, p = 0.73). The adjusted rates of ICU transfers were significantly higher in Hispanics (HR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.11–1.61, p = 0.002). Hispanics had significantly higher C‐reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and fibrinogen when compared to Whites. Hispanics as compared to Whites with COVID‐19 require higher rates of ICU admission but have a similar mortality. Hispanics as compared to Whites with COVID‐19 require higher rates of ICU admission but have a similar mortality.
Thiocyanate increases the nitrous oxide formation process through modifying the soil bacterial community
Authors: Gao Jian , Li Meng M , Zhao Guangyong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDNitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas depleting the stratospheric ozone. Previous studies reported that the thiocyanate (TC) excretion in the urine of cattle fed rapeseed meals containing glucosinolates was positively correlated with the N2O‐nitrogen (N) emissions. The objectives of the experiment were to verify the effects and the mechanism of TC on the N2O‐N emissions from the soil applied with artificial urine using static incubation technique. Four levels of TC, that is 0.00, 0.26, 0.78 and 2.33 mmol L−1 were composited in artificial urine as experimental treatments. Soil inorganic N and bacterial community were analyzed to elucidate the effects of TC on the N2O‐N emissions of artificial urine.RESULTSAdding TC increased the N2O‐N fluxes, the N2O‐N to N application ratio, and the estimated N2O‐N emissions from the soil applied with artificial urine both linearly and quadratically. The estimated N2O‐N emission (Y, in μmol) was increased with the TC adding level (X, in μmol) in a quadratic manner: (R 2 = 0.70). Adding TC did not affect the soil bacterial diversity and richness, but increased the relative abundances of Nitrosomonas (both for nitrification and denitrification) and Hyphomicrobium, Lysobacter and Terrimonas (for denitrification), and tended to increase the relative abundances of denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium.CONCLUSIONTC increased the N2O‐N emissions of the soil applied with artificial urine possibly through enhancing the denitrification of nitrifiers in the soil. Field experiments are necessary to verify the laboratory results. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Conservation tillage improves the yield of summer maize by regulating soil water, photosynthesis and inferior kernel grain filling on the semiarid Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Wang Zhen , Sun Jun , Du Yadan , Niu Wenquan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDPoor inferior kernel grain filling is a challenge that limits summer maize yield. The effect and mechanism of conservation tillage on improving grain filling of inferior kernel in semi‐arid rained areas remain uncertain and there has been little research on tillage management integrated with straw mulching to improve soil water content and photosynthesis in the Loess Plateau region. A 2 year (2019–2020) field experiment was established to study the impact of tillage practices on soil water content and summer maize root system morphology, photosynthetic capacity, inferior kernel grain filling, and grain yield. Treatments included reduced tillage (RT), no tillage (NT), and conventional tillage (CT).RESULTSUnder RT and NT, the final 100‐kernel weight and maximum and mean grain filling rates were higher than CT. Reduced tillage and NT increased soil water content at the jointing stage, silking stage and grain filling stage in comparison with CT. They increased root system morphology and dry matter accumulation, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration efficiency, and stomatal conductance in comparison with CT, and they also decreased intercellular CO2 concentration, and they increased chlorophyll content and above‐ground dry matter accumulation in comparison with CT. Reduced tillage and NT increased evapotranspiration of maize, and ultimately, increased grain yield by 17% and 14%, respectively, in comparison with CT.CONCLUSIONConservation tillage could promote summer maize photosynthetic capacity and grain filling of inferior kernels by regulating soil water content and root system morphology. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Phenolic profiles, antioxidant activity and inhibition of digestive enzymes of water caltrop pericarps
Authors: Lü Han , Zuo Yuanyuan , Meng Xiuhua , Ding Xiaoqin , Jian Tunyu , Liu Yan , Ren Bingru , Chen Jian , Li Weilin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDWater caltrop (Trapa natans L.) is widely cultivated as a popular vegetable or fruit in Asian countries. In China, water caltrop pericarp is also used as a functional food to treat metabolic syndrome. However, the profiling of bioactive substances and their pharmacological activities in different water caltrop varieties remains to be investigated. In the present study, three varieties of water caltrop pericarps collected from 13 origins in China were analyzed for their phenolic substances. To investigate the pharmacological activities, samples were tested for their free radical scavenging capacity and inhibitory potency against α‐glucosidase and pancreatic lipase.RESULTSIn total, 46 phenolic compounds were identified in the ethanol extract of water caltrop pericarp using a liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time of flight‐tandem mass spectrometry method, most of which were hydrolyzable tannins. Two cultivated varieties samples exhibited a relatively higher phenolic content and stronger antioxidant and inhibitory activities against α‐glucosidase and pancreatic lipase compared to those from the wild variety. Correlation analysis between phenolic contents and biological activities suggested that phenolic compounds exhibited potential free radical scavenging capacity, α‐glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities.CONCLUSIONIt is concluded that the phenolic compounds of water caltrop pericarp are promising sources of natural antioxidants, α‐glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibitors. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ring‐Expansion Polymerization of ε‐Caprolactone, Glycolide, and l‐lactide with a Spirocyclic Tin(IV) Catalyst Derived from or 2,2′‐Dihydroxy‐1,1′‐Binaphthyl – New Results and a Revision
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Weidner Steffen M. , Scheliga Felix 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn contrast to other cyclic tin bisphenoxides, polymerizations of glycolide and l‐lactide with the spirocyclic tin(IV) bis‐1,1′‐bisnapthoxide yield linear chains having a 1,1′‐bisnapthol end group and no cycles. In the case of l‐lactide, LA/Cat ratio and temperature are varied and at 160 °C or below, all polylactides mainly consist of even‐numbered chains. A total predominance of even‐numbered chains is also found for homopolymerization of glycolide, or the copolymerization of glycolide and l‐lactide, when conducted <120 °C. Linear chains having a bisnaphthol end group are again the main reaction products of ring‐expansion polymerizations (REP) of ε‐caprolactone, but above 150 °C cycles are also formed.
Chromatic Pupillometry in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: La Morgia Chiara , Romagnoli Martina , Pizza Fabio , Biscarini Francesco , Filardi Marco , Donadio Vincenzo , Carbonelli Michele , Amore Giulia , Park Jason C. , Tinazzi Michele , Carelli Valerio , Liguori Rocco , Plazzi Giuseppe , Antelmi Elena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMelanopsin retinal ganglion cell (mRGC)‐mediated pupillary light reflex (PLR) abnormalities have been documented in several neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease. Overall, isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) represents the strongest prodromal risk factor for impending α‐synucleinopathies.ObjectivesTo quantitatively compare PLR and mRGC‐mediated contribution to PLR in 16 iRBD patients and 16 healthy controls.MethodsiRBD and controls underwent extensive neuro‐ophthalmological evaluation and chromatic pupillometry. In iRBD, PLR metrics were correlated with clinical variables and with additional biomarkers including REM atonia index (RAI), DaTscan, and presence of phosphorylated‐α‐synuclein (p‐α‐syn) deposition in skin biopsy.ResultsWe documented higher baseline pupil diameter and decreased rod‐transient PLR amplitude in iRBD patients compared to controls. PLR rod‐contribution correlated with RAI. Moreover, only iRBD patients with evidence of p‐α‐syn deposition at skin biopsy showed reduced PLR amplitude compared to controls.ConclusionThe observed PLR abnormalities in iRBD might be considered as potential biomarkers for the risk stratification of phenoconversion of the disease. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Dietary Piperine is Transferred into the Milk of Nursing Mothers
Authors: N´Diaye Katharina , Debong Marcel , Behr Jürgen , Dirndorfer Sebastian , Duggan Tara , Beusch Anja , Schlagbauer Verena , Dawid Corinna , Loos Helene M. , Buettner Andrea , Lang Roman , Hofmann Thomas 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionThe diet of breastfeeding mothers could bring nurslings into contact with flavor compounds putatively contributing to early sensory programming of the infant. The study investigates whether tastants from a customary curry dish consumed by mothers are detectable in their milk afterwards and can be perceived by the infant.Methods and ResultsSensory evaluation identifies pungency as the dominating taste impression of the curry dish. Its ingredients of chili, pepper, and ginger suggest the flavor compounds capsaicin, piperine, and 6‐gingerol as analytical targets. Breastfeeding mothers are recruited for an intervention trial involving the consumption of the curry dish and subsequent collection of milk samples for flavor compound analysis. Targeted and untargeted mass spectrometric (MS)‐ investigations identify exclusively piperine as an intervention‐derived compound in human milk. However, concentrations are below the human taste threshold.ConclusionPiperine from pepper‐containing foods transfers into the mother's milk within 1 h and is delivered to the nursling. Concentrations of 50 and 200 nM of piperine are 70–350 times below the human taste threshold, but TRPV1 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid‐1 ion channel) desensitization through frequent exposure to sub‐taste‐threshold concentrations could contribute to an increased tolerance at a later age.
Differentiation among dairy products by combination of fast field cycling NMR relaxometry data and chemometrics
Authors: Piacenza Elena , Chillura Martino Delia Francesca , Cinquanta Luciano , Conte Pellegrino , Lo Meo Paolo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA set of commercial milk and Sicilian cheeses was analysed by a combination of fast field cycling (FFC) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxometry and chemometrics. The NMR dispersion (NMRD) curves were successfully analysed with a mathematical model applied on Parmigiano–Reggiano (PR) cheese. Regression parameters were led back to the molecular components of cheeses (water trapped in casein micelles, proteins and fats) and milk samples (water belonging to hydration shells around dispersed colloidal particles of different sizes and bulk water). The application of chemometric analysis on relaxometric data enabled differentiating milk from cheeses and revealing differences within the two sample groups of either cheeses or milk samples. Marked differences among cheeses were evidenced by statistical analysis of the sole quadrupolar peaks parameters, suggesting that these contain information on the nature of the milk used during cheese production. Hence, combination of FFC NMR and chemometrics represents a powerful tool to investigate alterations in dairy products.
Patch‐smoother and multigrid for the dual formulation for linear elasticity
Authors: Rovi Gabriele , Krause Rolf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe dual formulation for linear elasticity, in contrast to the primal formulation, is not affected by locking, as it is based on the stresses as main unknowns. Thus it is quite attractive for nearly incompressible and incompressible materials. Discretization with mixed finite elements will lead to—possibly large—linear saddle point systems. Whereas efficient multigrid methods exist for solving problems in mixed plane elasticity for nearly incompressible materials, we propose a multigrid method that is also stable in the incompressible limit. There are two main challenges in constructing a multigrid method for the dual formulation for linear elasticity. First, in the incompressible limit, the matrix block related to the stress is positive semidefinite. Second, the stress belongs to and standard smoothers, working for regular problems, cannot be applied. We present a novel patch‐based smoother for the dual formulation for linear elasticity. We discuss different types of local boundary conditions for the patch subproblems. Based on our patch‐smoother, we build a multigrid method for the solution of the resulting saddle point problem and investigate its efficiency and robustness. Numerical experiments show that Dirichlet and Robin conditions work best and eventually lead to textbook multigrid performance.
Unsymmetric extensions of Wilson's incompatible four‐node quadrilateral and eight‐node hexahedral elements
Authors: Huang Ying‐Qing , Yang Yuan‐Fan , Wang Ji‐Zhen , Liu Xiao‐Chuan , Chen Hai‐Bo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe unsymmetric finite element is based on the virtual work principle with different sets of test and trial functions. In this article, the incompatible four‐node quadrilateral element and eight‐node hexahedral element originated by Wilson et al. are extended to their unsymmetric forms. The isoparametric shape functions together with Wilson's incompatible functions are chosen as the test functions, while internal nodes at the middle of element sides/edges are added to generate the trial functions with quadratic completeness in the Cartesian coordinate system. A local area/volume coordinate frame is established so that the trial shape functions can be explicitly obtained. The key idea which avoids the matrix inversion is that the trial nodal shape functions are constructed by standard quadratic triangular/tetrahedral elements and then transformed in consistent with the quadrilateral/hexahedral elements. Numerical examples show that the present elements keep the merits of both incompatible and unsymmetric elements, that is, high numerical accuracy, insensitivity to mesh distortion, free of trapezoidal and volumetric locking, and easy implementation.
Applications of Hilbert transform and Newton's root finding algorithm in delineating buried fracture from magnetic anomaly data
Authors: Roy Indrajit G. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTI propose a simple and sufficiently robust data‐based semi‐automated interpretation of a total magnetic intensity profile to delineate an isolated fracture or a fractured zone embedded within a homogeneous host medium. The interpretation technique, which is based on the premise of induced magnetization, uses a model of a thin, two‐dimensional dipping sheet embedded in a homogeneous half‐space. The proposed quantitative interpretation uses a set of closed form formulae in delineating model parameters; in those the Hilbert transform, the first‐ and second‐order derivatives of the local amplitude of the zero‐order analytical signal are the essential components. The locations of zero crossings of the first‐ and second‐order derivatives of analytical signal and the Hilbert transform remain the essential keys in estimating structural parameters of the model. The magnetic susceptibility contrast is delineated from the peak amplitude of the analytical signal. An appropriately designed Savitzky–Golay derivative filter and Hilbert–Noda transformation matrix are used as robust and efficient data‐processing tools. An additional tool, Newton's root finding algorithm, is proposed for locating the zero crossings. The reconstructed data fit is validated using a statistical appraisal, and the estimated model parameters are defined with an uncertainty measure using the confidence limit. The proposed technique has been applied to synthetic data generated from a model depicting a realistic example, and also on field data from two examples, one of which closely resembles the example of synthetic data and the other as a benchmark example. Numerical experiments validate the applicability of the method.