bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ПРОБЛЕМА УКРАЇНО-ПОЛЬСЬКИХ ВІДНОСИН ЧЕРЕЗ ПРИЗМУ ПОЛІТИЧНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ГАЛИЦЬКОГО ГРЕКО-КАТОЛИЦЬКОГО ДУХОВЕНСТВА У Д/П ХІХ – ПОЧ. ХХ СТ.
Authors: Rudianyn Ivan 
Published: February 2021

Разом із проголошенням незалежності в нашій державі розпочався процес відродження національного та релігійного життя. На сьогодні церква продовжує посилювати свою роль як повноцінної інституції громадянського суспільства. Будучи за Конституцією відокремленою від держави, вона не відокремлюється від людської спільноти, а навпаки, тісно взаємодіє з нею, бажаючи надати їй духовну підтримку, покращити моральний стан, провадить активну благодійницьку, культурно-просвітницьку та соціальну роботу.
Яскравим прикладом цих відносин є партнерство та конструктивна співпраця в інтересах розвитку українського суспільства. Така ситуація зумовлена не лише утвердженням демократичних засад у житті Української держави, а й поверненням нашого народу до традиційних духовних цінностей, глибокими історичними традиціями, які сьогодні намагаються відродити громада, держава і церква.
Зважаючи на активну інтеграцію України у європейське співтовариство важливого значення набувають наукові дослідження, які висвітлюють історичний контекст участі греко-католицького духовенства у державотворчих процесах.
У даному контексті мова йде про політичну площину україно-польських взаємин другої половини ХІХ- початку ХХ ст., та участі у них галицького греко-католицького духовенства. Ретроспектива україно-польських стосунків та участь у цих процесах греко-католицької церкви сьогодні посідає важливе місце в історичні науці, адже Україна та Польща впродовж свого існування завжди були поруч не тільки як сусіди, але й як країни, які мають спільне минуле та перебувають, хоча й на різних фазах, у стадії розбудови національних держав. До того ж на сучасному етапі Польща активно та всебічно допомагає Україні боронити її територіальну цілісність.
Не зважаючи на те, в історії україно-польських стосунків присутня чимала кількість драматичних епізодів та суперечливих моментів, потреба всебічно досліджувати ці питання, за допомогою залучення нових джерел та підходів залишається актуальною. Про подібні моменти наголосив і Президент України Володимир Зеленський під час прес-конференції у Варшаві у серпні 2019 р.
«Радий, що у наших відносинах немає жодних питань, які ми не змогли б вирішити шляхом діалогу та порозуміння. Чудово усвідомлюємо, що напружені відносини України та Польщі стали б для наших недругів прекрасним подарунком, а отже – ми не повинні цього робити. Ми домовились оновити й перезавантажити двосторонню робочу групу, що працюватиме під патронатом обох президентів для того, щоб усі темні плями минулого не завадили нашими народам будувати спільне світле майбутнє», – сказав Володимир Зеленський.
Enabling demand generation for 7.1% chlorhexidine for umbilical cord care in Togo
Authors: Coffey Patricia S , Nguessan Alhi , Agossou Abram Amétépé , Coefe Nitiema Basilia 
Published: February 2021

Background A novel newborn umbilical cord care product, 7.1% chlorhexidine digluconate, which delivers 4% free chlorhexidine (CHX), is being introduced in Togo. Although the policy framework for this product introduction has been in place since 2017, product use appears to be limited. The overall aim of this mixed methods study was to understand how to generate demand for an umbilical cord care product among (i) pregnant women and/or women who recently birthed and (ii) providers in Togo. The specific study objectives were to understand current cord care practices and identify willingness and rationale to use CHX and preferred product pricing and source. Methods We collected data in December 2019 via 13 focus group discussions (FGDs) with 60 pregnant women and 38 women who recently birthed and through semi-structured interviews with 39 providers in 13 randomly selected facilities that provide essential newborn care services in all six regions of the country. Results Most of the FGD participants were unaware of this novel cord care product. FGD participants reported high hypothetical acceptability of the product due to its aesthetic presentation, ease of use, ease of storage, and provider recommendation. Actual use was contingent on positive product performance in terms of time to heal the wound, fast cord separation, and absence of pain in the infant. Almost 70% of the providers were aware of CHX and all of them were supportive of its use. Because CHX availability was very limited in-country, providers recommended alcohol or other skin disinfectants for cord cleaning. Both FGD participants and providers viewed the effect of CHX use on time to cord separation as a key determinant of product uptake. Pricing of FCFA 500–800 was considered affordable for most families. Conclusions To generate demand, providers could prescribe CHX as an essential item at the time of delivery. The CHX product should be available for sale at pharmacies and health facilities as a key component of an integrated birthing kit. A tiered pricing strategy could extend coverage to both facility-based and home-based births.
The Relationship between Public Service Efficiency of Government and Residential Political Trust in Hong Kong
Authors: Zhang Zhengliang , Wu Shijian , Liu Jia , Zhang Shujian 
Published: February 2021

Hong Kong has a long history with its high efficiency and clean and self-disciplined government. Within the past over 20 years, different social development trend has occurred in Hong Kong. The article observed the relationship between political trust from residence and public service efficiency of government in Hong Kong from 1992 to 2015 and found that the value of public service efficiency has a significant effect on political trust in Hong Kong government, the higher the efficiency of public services, the higher the political trust. The author tried to find the path for the Hong Kong government to improve its public service quality and efficiency after testifying the positive correlation between public service efficiency and residential political trust with empirical analysis.
Rice and Climate Change: It’s Significance towards Achieving Food Security in Nigeria: A Review
Authors: E. Diagi B. , O. Edokpa D. , Ajiere Suzan 
Published: February 2021

Climate change is already impacting on every aspect of man life on earth especially in the agricultural sectors of developing nations. In Nigeria, and indeed the world over, seasons are shifting, temperatures are rising, landscapes are changing and sea levels are rising. Extreme weather events like drought and flood are becoming more frequent and pronounced.[3] stressed on the fact that Agriculture will suffer from major damage caused by changes in climate especially in the African continent. Nigeria is one of the African country that is highly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, as Nigeria is still practicing rain fed agriculture [16]. The impact of climate change is experienced in form of extreme climatic events like flooding, severe heats, and droughts which has led to the degradation of soil and consequently low yield in crops. This will have consequences for rice cultivation in Nigeria, where the dominating climatic factor relied on by farmers in the choice of when to prepare the land for planting, the actual planting,the types of crop variety to plant and harvesting of crop is rainfall [23, 24].The implication of this will be interference with food security as rice is an essential food crop in Nigeria that is consumed by a large number of the population. [26] has warned that hunger in Africa will be worsen by adverse effects of climate change, as it threatens the capacity of vulnerable countries like Nigeria to guarantee food security, eradicate poverty and actualize sustainable development in agriculture. The increasing rate of inadequacy in food supply in the world leading to different form of malnutrition is worrisome and more needs to be done in the areas of agriculture so as to guarantee food security to some extent and improve on nourishment, if a world without hunger is to be achieved by 2030.
Asymmetry And Tension: A Brief History of Medical Student Involvement In the U.S. Licensure Process
Authors: Gregory S. Ryan 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTA little more than two years ago, the first nationally standardized clinical skills exam was added to the United States Medical Licensure Examination (USMLE) series. The implementation of this exam was troubled by vigorous resistance from medical students whose objections were supported by several prominent and powerful medical organizations. This article suggests that beyond obvious sources of tension inherent in the exam (chiefly, expense and inconvenience) a real and overlooked source of antagonism is the lack of direct involvement by examinees (students and residents) in the licensure process. Students and residents were able to promote a much larger (and acrimonious) debate than anticipated largely because of their recent ascendancy to positions of influence in medical schools and organizations. This article traces the evolution of student and resident involvement in medical schools and organizations and further suggests that the lack of parallel involvement by students and residents in the licensure process creates asymmetry in an otherwise balanced system of professional autonomy. Such asymmetry in a system balanced between medical schools, organizations and licensing authorities has led and can again lead to unproductive tension and undermine efforts on all parts to advance the practice of medicine and assure the best care possible to the American public. The author closes with a call to forum to discuss openly the possibility of increased student and resident participation in the licensure process; details of how, when and where this participation could occur should be the first items of discussion in such a forum.
PEMANFAATAN SAMPAH ANORGANIK UNTUK MENUNJANG MEBEL ANTI RAYAP, JAMUR, DAN BAKTERI DI DESA BLADO KULON KECAMATAN TEGAL SIWALAN KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Marzuki Imam , M Misdiyanto , H Hermanto 
Published: February 2021

Banyaknya sampah yang berserakan telah menjadi ide dasar dalam pengabdian ini. Secara terminologi sampah tersebut dibagi menjadi sampah organik maupun sampah anorganik. Sampah dapat menyebabkan berbagai macam masalah, diantaranya menyebabkan lingkungan menjadi kotor, menyebabkan bencana banjir apabila menyumbat aliran sungai, bahkan bisa mencemari lingkungan dengan bau yang ditimbulkan. Oleh karena itu, muncullah gagasan untuk mengorganisir sampah hasil pembuangan rumah tangga, toko, maupun industri. Mengorganisir sampah organik amatlah mudah karena sifatnya yang mudah terurai. Namun, hal tersebut tidak berlaku dengan sampah anorganik. Sampah anorganik tidak bisa diuraikan, oleh karena itu diperlukan teknik khusus untuk menanganinya.
Tempat tinggal mitra dalam pengabdian ini adalah di desa Blado Kulon kecamatan Tegal Siwalan kabupaten Probolinggo. Mitra sehari-hari membuka usaha mebel yang bahan dasarnya dari kayu. Namun pengusaha merasa kesulitan menemukan ciri khas dari mebel buatannya yang membedakan dari mebel-mebel lainnya. Disisi lain pengusaha juga tidak mampu memasarkan produknya secara optimal. Hal ini dikarenakan selain tidak memiliki ciri khas, koneksi dengan orang banyak juga tidak dimiliki pengusaha dalam memasarkan produknya.
Berkaca terhadap permasalahan yang dihadapi mitra dan demi menjaga lingkungan tetap bersih dari sampah khususnya sampah anorganik, maka pengabdian ini di fokuskan pada pemanfaatan sampah anorganik untuk menunjang usaha mebel anti rayap, bakteri dan jamur. Teknik yang dilakukan adalah mengumpulkan sampah anorganik, mengeringkannya dan kemudian membakarnya di tungku pembakaran yang telah disiapkan. Selanjutnya asap hasil pembakaran disimpan dengan alat penyimpan asap untuk kemudian asap di berikan kepada kayu bahan pembuat mebel. Teknik ini menurut beberapa penelitian dapat membuat mebel tahan rayap, bakteri, dan jamur. Setelah produk dihasilkan maka pengusaha dibantu dengan teknik pemasaran online (e-commerce). Hal ini bertujuan agar mempermudah pengusaha memasarkan produknya dalam jangkauan yang luas.
PENGERINGAN CABAI DENGAN SISTEM KONTROL FUZZY-EXPERT PADA ALAT BERTENAGA HIBRIDA SURYA DAN GAS MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM KONTROL FUZZY EXPERT
Authors: Azis Rosdiani , Sinadia Bayu S. 
Published: February 2021

Cabai merah secara fisologis setelah dipanen masih mengalami proses metabolisme dikarenakan adanya kandungan air yang tinggi sehingga hal ini yang memicu komoditi ini mudah mengalami kerusakan, Salah satu proses pengawetan yang sering dilakukan pada cabe adalah dengan pengeringan. Proses pengeringan adalah merupakan perlakuan untuk menghilangkan kadar air pada produk pangan, kondisi ini dapat menggunakan alat pengering ataupun dapat menggunakan pengering alami berupa sinar matahari. Hibrid energi yaitu menggunakan dua atau lebih sumber energi untuk menggerakkan sebuah mesin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan adapun hasil pengeringan cabe adalah terjadi penurunan kadar air dan karakteristik fisik pada cabai dengan menggunkan alata pengering Pada pengujian ini, pengamatan diutamakan pada penurunan kadar air yang dicapai dan penggunaan energi selama pengeringan dan penurunan kadar air dinyatakan dalam kadar air basis kering (%), penggunaan energi merupakan banyaknya gas yang terpakai selama proses pengeringan hingga bahan mencapai kadar air yang konstan dan karakteristik fisik pada cabai yang telah dikeringkan Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan adapun hasil pengeringan cabe adalah terjadi penurunan kadar air dan karakteristik fisik pada cabai dengan menggunkan alata pengering. Hasil Terjadi penurunan Kadar air awal 79% turun menjadi 10, Selama proses pengeringan penggunaan LPG saat mesin beroperasi tanpa hibrid yaitu 2,14 kg dan 1,26 kg pada kondisi hibrid. Oleh karena itu penerapan sistem kontrol fuzzy expert dengan sistem hibrid terbukti mampu menghemat penggunaan LPG selama proses pengeringan. Dan Warna cabai menjadi lebih pucat dan berat cabai mengalami penurunan
Sistem Informasi Kepegawaian Berbasis Website pada Dinas Pariwisata Dan Kebudayaan
Authors: Musa Olha 
Published: February 2021

Sistem Informasi Kepegawaian adalah sistem informasi yang dirancang untuk mempermudah dalam pengelolaan dan penyimpanan data pegawai. Berdasarkan penelitian pada Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kabupaten Tojo Una-una Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah ditemukan permasalahan data pegawai yang dihasilkan dari sistem yang sudah ada belum memenuhi kebutuhan sehingga peneliti ingin merancang Sistem Informasi Kepegawaian untuk memecahkan permasalahan yang ada di tempat penelitian tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pengujian whitebox dan blackbox. Pengujian whitebox adalah pengujian dengan teknik uji coba pada alur program, struktur logika dan prosedur program dengan cara pemetaan flowchart, kemudian menghitung besarnya jumlah edge dan node. Metode pengujian blackbox memfokuskan pada kepentingan fungsional dari software. Oleh karena itu uji coba blackbox memungkinkan pengembang software untuk membuat himpunan kondisi input yang akan melatih seluruh syarat-syarat fungsional suatu program apakah berjalan sesuai yang diharapkan atau sebaliknya. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian whitebox pada salah satu proses dalam sistem ini yaitu pada modul usulan kenaikan pangkat dengan perolehan hasil yang seimbang yaitu Cyclomatic Complexity (CC) = 4, maka sistem ini dinyatakan dapat berjalan dengan baik. Sedangkan hasil pengujian blackbox sistem dapat berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan dan efisien.
Handling Disrupted Learning During COVID-19 Pandemic: Learners’ Experience in Nigeria
Authors: Afolabi Folashade 
Published: February 2021

Corona virus has affected not only human health but also educational sector. Schools were forced to suspend face-to-face learning while online learning was introduced. How could learning be undisrupted during the lockdown period is the thrust of this paper. The paper examined the effectiveness of podcast (video recorded) lesson as a strategy in online teaching and to what extent the strategy met the needs of the learners during the challenging period of pandemic COVID-19. The study adopted mixed method research which consisted of the three main phases of design. Questionnaire which comprises of 19 items and divided into two sections was used for data collection while fifty (50) participants participated in the study. It was discovered that learners displayed positive perceptions towards the use of video recording lessons during pandemic period. Learners reported that online learning should be used to compliment face-to-face teaching even after the pandemic period.
EFFECT OF INTERNODES NUMBER AND CONCENTRATION OF ROOTONE-F PLANT GROWTH REGULATOR ON GROWTH OF PEPPER (Piper nigrum L.) CUTTINGS
Authors: Basten Van , Lagiman Lagiman , Suwardi Suwardi 
Published: February 2021

Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is one of the spice plants that have high export value and propagated by cuttings. Use of internodes number and growth regulator were needed as a way to provide a good of planting material through cuttings. This research aimed to determine the best interaction between internodes number and concentration of Rootone-F growth regulator on growth of pepper (Piper nigrum L.) by cuttings. This research was carried out in experimental garden of Agriculture Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Yogyakarta, Ngemplak, Sleman, Yogyakarta, since February – May 2019. This research used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors. The first factor was internodes number which were one, two and three internodes. The second factor was concentration of Rootone-F which were 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm. So there were 3 x 3 = 9 treatments combination. Cuttings wit seven intenodes without Rootone-F were used as control. The result showed there were no interaction from two treatments in each parameter. There were no significant difference between control and treatment of each parameter. Internodes number has significantly affected in paramater percentage of life, day of emergence shoot, shoot length, number of leaves, number of root, root volume and shoot dry weight with the best result were cutting with 3 internodes. Concentration of Rootone-F has significantly affected in parameter percentage of life and day of emergence shoot, concentration 100 ppm and 150 ppm better than 50 ppm.Keyword: Pepper plant, cuttings, internodes, Rootone-F.
THE EFFECT OF Beauveria bassiana APPLICATION TO CONTROL MAIN PESTS OF STRING BEANS (Vigna sinensis) ON PLANT DAMAGE AND YIELD
Authors: Nursahid Hanafi , Brotodjojo Rukmowati , Padmini Oktavia Sarhesti 
Published: February 2021

String beans productivity decreases every year. One of the causes is pest attacks. Pest control using Beauveria bassiana is an enviromentally friendly pest control. The aim of this study was to determine of the effect B. bassiana’s application to control string beans main pests, determine the best B. bassiana application frequency to control pest attacks and determine the correlation between main pests population and plant damage and yield of string beans. This study was conducted in Krebet, Sendangsari, Pajangan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta in Januari – April 2019. This study used a single factor experiment arranged in a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD). This study used the following treatments: once application of B. bassiana at 5 weeks after planting (wap), two times application of B. bassiana at 3 wap (week after planting) and 7 wap, three times application of B. bassiana at 3 wap, 5 wap and 7 wap, four times application of B. bassiana at 3 wap, 4 wap, 6 wap and 7 wap, five times application of B. bassiana at 3 wap, 4 wap, 5 wap, 6 wap and 7 wap, negative control (without B. bassiana application) and positive control (synthetic insectiside profenofos application). The results of the study showed that B. bassiana could control Aphis craccivora. The best B. bassiana application frequency was 5 times at 3 wap, 4 wap, 5 wap, 6 wap and 7 wap. Leaves damage increased as the population of leaf beetles increased. Yield of string beans decreased as the population of A. craccivora and leaf beetles increased as well as the leaves damage increased.Keyword: main pests, Beauveria bassiana, damage, string beans, yield
OLIGO CHITOSAN TEST IN THE INITIAL BULBIL GROWTH OF ILES-ILES (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume)
Authors: Sumarwoto Sumarwoto , Priyanto Sugeng 
Published: February 2021

Oligo chitosan is a supplement that can increase growth, accelerate flowering, and increase productivity in several types of agricultural crops, rice and horticultural commodities. The findings of this study, encourage the authors, to further test the Oligo chitosan on the initial growth of the bulbs of Iles-iles. It is known, that Iles-iles (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) or "Porang" is one type of tuber whose life cycle is quite long, has a slow-growing bulbil, especially in the dry season. This growth delay is caused in addition to genetic traits, also dry environmental conditions come into effect, so if entering the rainy season at a certain time span will soon show a good appearance of growth. Bulbil as a planting material, in order to grow immediately, it is necessary to strive to accelerate its growth, one of which is to use Oligo chitosan. In the cultivation of iles-iles the use of Oligo chitosan to accelerate bulbil growth has never been done. Technological innovations produced by BATAN, have the opportunity to be used in the development of crop cultivation made from tubers. This study aims to test Oligo chitosan to encourage the realization of early growth of bulbil, through the treatment of immersion time and the concentration of Oligo chitosan which is higher than previous experiments that the authors have done. The experiment was conducted in the rainy season of 2019/2020 in the experimental farm of the UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta Wedomartani Faculty of Agriculture under a tree stand, using a Split Plot Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. As the main plot is the soaking time of Oligo chitosan solution, consisting of three kinds, namely 2.5 hours (L1), 5 hours (L2), and 7.5 Hours (L3), and as a sub plot is the concentration of the solution consists of 3 stages, namely (5.0 ‰ (K1), 10 ‰ (K2), and 15 ‰ (K3) and one control (without Oligo chitosan). The data obtained were analyzed by Variance Analysis with 95% confidence level, and for the difference test the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was used at the 5% level and the Orthogonal Contrast Test The results showed that soaking Oligo chitosan for 2.5 hours (L1) was sufficient to provide a better initial growth effect for Ilesiles bulbil, with a fairly high concentration of 15 ‰ (K3).Keywords: Oligochitosan, Iles-iles or Porang, bulbil, soaking and concentration
Poverty and Education in Algeria
Authors: MALIKI Samir , BENHABIB Abderrezzak , BOUTELDJA Abdelnacer 
Published: February 2021

Using a multinomial logit measurement, we aim through this paper to quantify the relationship between poverty and education. A subjective measurement of poverty is used with non school factors in quantifying such relationship. For a better understanding of the linkage Poverty-Education, a Multinomial regression model is applied to a representative survey of 500 households in the region of Tlemcen. According to our results , variables such as: individual housing, household's head instruction's level ,expenditures on education , the gender (male), and the age are common variables whatever poverty status. As far as policy makers are concerned, education is seen as a vital player in economic and social development. Accordingly, the higher is the education level the more likely it contributes to household poverty alleviation. Our results are of great importance to Algerian policy makers as long as it shows some significant variables which should be taken in consideration in drawing policies.