bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AGER gene variant as a risk factor for juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Bakutenko Ivan Yurievich , Haurylchyk Irena Dmitrievna , Sechko Elena Vladimirovna , Tchitchko Alexei Mihajlovich , Batyan Galina Mihajlovna , Sukalo Alexander Vasil'evich , Ryabokon Nadezhda Ivanovna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe AGER gene encodes a cell surface multiligand receptor of advanced glycation end‐products that is also capable of binding other molecules and is involved in numerous pathways related to inflammation, apoptosis, immunity and so on. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the AGER rs1035798 (G>A) intronic polymorphism, showing an association with multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis in adults, is related to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).MethodsCaucasian children from the Belarusian population were enrolled in the study. In total, there were 201 cases with JIA, 37 with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, 222 children with the articular syndrome of non‐autoimmune etiology (positive control for JIA) and 365 negative controls (children without any autoimmune or inflammatory diseases). Genomic DNA samples from the patients and controls were genotyped by a real‐time polymerase chain reaction.ResultsA marked association of the homozygous AA rs1035798 genotype with JIA (p = 5 × 10−4) was found. Allele A was also associated with JIA (p = 0.0058), as well as with the articular syndrome of non‐autoimmune etiology (p = 0.0264). The highest frequencies of the AA genotype were found in the subgroups of JIA patients with polyarthritis or severe oligoarthritis. The AA genotype patients also had the smallest mean age of the JIA onset.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that the AGER rs1035798 AA genotype is a risk factor for JIA in Belarusian children. They also suggest a link between the AGER AA genotype and the risk of JIA early onset and severity. However, the functional relevance of the rs1035798 polymorphism is still unclear.
Characterization of real‐world treatment practices and outcomes among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated in a Finnish tertiary center
Authors: Ranti Juha , Perkonoja Katariina , Kauko Tommi , Loponen Heidi , Joensuu Emmi I. , Järvinen Tiina M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectivesWe conducted this retrospective study to characterize the change in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treatment patterns between 2005 and 2019, to understand the treatment sequencing across the course of the disease, and to investigate how targeted agents and prognostic testing were implemented into the patient care.MethodsThis study included adult patients with CLL treated at the Hospital District of Southwest Finland during the study period. Data were collected from the Turku University Hospital data lake.ResultsIn total, 122 and 60 patients received first‐ and second‐line treatments for CLL, respectively. The shift from conventional chemoimmunotherapy to targeted treatments in recent years (2014–2019) was observed. The median overall survival times were not reached in patients treated with targeted agents compared to conventional standard treatments in first‐ and second‐line settings and improved toward the end of the study period. Prognostic testing increased during the study follow‐up and patients with unmutated immunoglobulin heavy‐chain variable showed significantly poorer overall survival and time‐to‐next‐treatment outcomes than patients with mutated immunoglobulin heavy‐chain variable.ConclusionsThis real‐world study implicated added value of targeted chemo‐free therapies as reported in randomized clinical trials, and highlighted the necessity of prognostic testing in order to improve treatment selection and patient outcomes.
Needlestick and sharps injuries among secondary and tertiary healthcare workers, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Makeen Anwar M. , Alharbi Abdullah A. , Mahfouz Mohammed S. , Alqassim Ahmad Y. , Ismail Ahmed A. , Arishi Haider M. , El‐Setouhi Maged A. , Horner Ronnie D. , Muaddi Mohammed A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimThe study aimed to assess the incidence of needlestick and sharps injuries among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia, as well as to determine whether there exists an association between hospital level and needlestick and sharps injuries rate.DesignA cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 609 randomly selected HCWs from nine general hospitals.MethodsA self‐administered questionnaire, which covered the structure and process of injection safety, was used for data collection.ResultsThe overall needlestick and sharps injuries incidence rate was 24%. The needlestick and sharps injuries rates were 30% and 14% in secondary and tertiary hospitals, respectively. HCWs working in tertiary hospitals were 61% less likely to have needlestick and sharps injuries than those employed in secondary hospitals. This was mainly the impact of better and continuous training. High safety level maintenance and health education provision are vital in such settings.
The vaginal microbiome in women of reproductive age with healthy weight versus overweight/obesity
Authors: Allen Natalie G. , Edupuganti Laahirie , Edwards David J. , Jimenez Nicole R. , Buck Gregory A. , Jefferson Kimberly K. , Strauss Jerome F. ,   Vaginal Microbiome Consortium, Wickham Edmond P. , Fettweis Jennifer M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between the vaginal microbiome of reproductive‐aged women with overweight and obesity (Ow/Ob) compared with healthy weight (HW).MethodsIn this case‐control study, a cohort of 367 nonpregnant women (18 to 40 years) with Ow/Ob (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) was case‐matched with 367 women with HW (BMI 18.0 to 24.9 kg/m2). The study was a secondary analysis of 16S rRNA vaginal microbiome surveys through the Vaginal Human Microbiome Study (VaHMP). Groups were matched on age, race/ethnicity, income, and nulliparity status.ResultsMean age and BMI of Ow/Ob and HW groups were 26.8 versus 26.7 years and 37.0 versus 22.1 kg/m2, respectively. The overall vaginal microbiome composition differed between groups (PERMANOVA,p= 0.035). Women with Ow/Ob had higher alpha diversity compared with women with HW (Wilcoxon test, Shannon indexp= 0.025; inverse Simpson indexp= 0.026).Lactobacillus dominance (≥30% proportional abundance) was observed in a greater proportion of women with HW (48.7%) compared with Ow/Ob (40.1%;p= 0.026).ConclusionsThe vaginal microbiome differs in reproductive‐aged women with Ow/Ob compared with women with HW, with increased alpha diversity and decreased predominance ofLactobacillus. Observed differences in the vaginal microbiome may partially explain differences in preterm birth and bacterial vaginosis risk between these populations.
Accumulation of somatic mutations leads to genetic mosaicism in cannabis
Authors: Adamek Kristian , Jones Andrew Maxwell Phineas , Torkamaneh Davoud 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) is typically propagated using stem cuttings taken from mother plants to produce genetically uniform propagules. However, producers anecdotally report that clonal lines deteriorate over time and eventually produce clones with less vigor and lower cannabinoid levels than the original mother plant. While the cause of this deterioration has not been investigated, one potential contributor is the accumulation of somatic mutations within the plant. To test this, we used deep sequencing of whole genomes (>50×) to compare the variability within an individual cannabis cultivar Honey Banana plant sampled at the bottom, middle, and top. We called over six million sequence variants based on a reference genome and found that the top had the most by a sizable amount. Comparing the variants among the samples uncovered that nearly 600,000 (34%) were unique to the top while the bottom only contained 148,000 (12%), and middle with 77,000 (9%) unique variants. Bioinformatics tools were used to identify mutations in critical cannabinoid–terpene biosynthesis pathways. While none were identified as high impact, four genes contained more than double the average level of nucleotide diversity (π) in or near the gene. Two genes code for essential enzymes required for the cannabinoid pathway while the other two are in the terpene pathways, demonstrating that mutations were accumulating within these pathways and could influence their function. Overall, a measurable number of intraplant genetic diversity was discovered that could impact long‐term genetic fidelity of clonal lines and potentially contribute to the observed decline in vigor and cannabinoid content.
Dobutamine infusion without pericardiocentesis as a treatment for cardiac tamponade due to left atrial rupture in a dog
Authors: Isayama Noriko , Uchimura Yusuke , Maeda Erika 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe describe the successful management of an obstructive shock case caused by cardiac tamponade following atrial rupture. The dog was an 11‐year‐old female chihuahua with a 1‐year history of mitral valve insufficiency. During a radiographic examination, the dog collapsed. We diagnosed a case of obstructive shock caused by cardiac tamponade following left atrial rupture, secondary to mitral valve regurgitation. After administration of atropine and dobutamine, the blood pressure stabilised. The dog regained consciousness and was discharged 96 hours after collapse. The use of dobutamine should be considered in selected obstructive shock cases and may reduce the high mortality rate associated with atrial rupture.
Deep learning in histopathology: A review
Authors: Banerji Sugata , Mitra Sushmita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHistopathology is diagnosis based on visual examination of tissue sections under a microscope. With the growing number of digitally scanned tissue slide images, computer‐based segmentation and classification of these images is a high‐demand area of research. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) constitute the most popular classification architecture for a variety of image classification problems. However, applying CNNs to histology slides is not a trivial task and has several challenges, ranging from variations in the colors of slides to excessive high resolution and lack of proper labeling. In this advanced review, we introduce the application of CNN‐based architectures to digital histological image analysis, discuss some problems associated with such analysis, and look at possible solutions.This article is categorized under:
Application Areas > Health Care
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data Mining
Technologies > Machine Learning
Rival records management models in an era of partial automation
Authors: Lappin James , Jackson Tom , Matthews Graham , Ravenwood Clare 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTwo rival records management models emerged during the 1990s. Duranti’s model involved moving records out of business applications into a repository which has a structure/schema optimised for recordkeeping. Bearman’s model involved intervening in business applications to ensure that their functionality and structure/schema are optimised for record keeping. In 2013 the US National Archives and Records Administration began asking Federal agencies to schedule important email accounts for permanent preservation. This approach cannot be mapped to either Duranti or Bearman’s model. A third records management model has therefore emerged, a model in which records are managed in place within business applications even where those applications have a sub-optimal structure/schema. This model can also be seen in the records retention features of the Microsoft 365 cloud suite. This paper asks whether there are any circumstances in which the in-place model could be preferable to Duranti and Bearman’s models. It explores the question by examining the evolution of archival theory on the organisation of records. The main perspectives deployed are those of realism and of records continuum theory. The paper characterises the first two decades of this century as an era of partial automation, during which organisations have had a general capability to automate the assignment of business correspondence to a sub-optimal structure/schema (that of their email system and/or other messaging system) but not to an optimal structure/schema. In such an era any insistence on optimising the structure/schema within which correspondence is managed may paradoxically result in a reduction in recordkeeping efficiency and reliability.
Patterns and Drivers of Emigration of the Turkish Second Generation in the Netherlands
Authors: de Jong Petra Wieke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUsing unique longitudinal data from the Dutch population registers, this study investigates the patterns and drivers of emigration of the Turkish second generation born in the Netherlands between 1983 and 1992. Around 13% of the Turkish second generation in the research population emigrated during early adulthood, as compared to 6% of their peers without immigrant parents. Half of the Turkish second-generation emigrants who reported their destination country moved to Turkey, while the other half moved to other destinations, especially the Dutch neighbouring countries. Among the Turkish second generation, unemployment over the previous year was found to increase the likelihood of emigration for individuals with low or middle levels of education, whereas no support was found that higher educated individuals (either employed or unemployed) are more likely to emigrate. However, if high-skilled unemployed individuals of the Turkish second generation emigrated, they appeared more likely to select Turkey as their destination as compared to other (or unknown) destinations. International migration experiences during childhood, living at the parental home, and residing in neighbourhoods with a high share of co-ethnics were also associated with a higher chance of emigration to Turkey, whereas living in the Dutch border regions was associated with a higher chance of emigration to other destinations. Together, the findings indicate that the Turkish second generation has a higher chance to emigrate than their peers without immigrant parents, and that mechanisms specific to the second generation apply to the migration behaviour of this group.
Experimentally validated geometrically exact model for extreme nonlinear motions of cantilevers
Authors: Farokhi Hamed , Xia Yiwei , Erturk Alper 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA unique feature of flexible cantilevered beams, which is used in a range of applications from energy harvesting to bio-inspired actuation, is their capability to undergo motions of extremely large amplitudes. The well-known third-order nonlinear cantilever model is not capable of capturing such a behaviour, hence requiring the application of geometrically exact models. This study, for the first time, presents a thorough experimental investigation on nonlinear dynamics of a cantilever under base excitation in order to capture extremely large oscillations to validate a geometrically exact model based on the centreline rotation. To this end, a state-of-the-art in vacuo base excitation experimental set-up is utilised to excite the cantilever in the primary resonance region and drive it to extremely large amplitudes, and a high-speed camera is used to capture the motion. A robust image processing code is developed to extract the deformed state of the cantilever at each frame as well as the tip displacements and rotation. For the theoretical part, a geometrically exact model is developed based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and inextensibility condition, while using Kelvin–Voigt material damping. To ensure accurate predictions, the equation of motion is derived for the centreline rotation and all terms are kept geometrically exact throughout the derivation and discretisation procedures. Thorough comparisons are conducted between experimental and theoretical results in the form of frequency response diagrams, time histories, motion snapshots, and motion videos. It is shown that the predictions of the geometrically exact model are in excellent agreement with the experimental results at both relatively large and extremely large oscillation amplitudes.
Prevalence, risk factors and clinical characteristics of renal dysfunction in Chinese outpatients with growth simple renal cysts
Authors: Wu Qiaoru , Ju Chunhua , Deng Miaowen , Liu Xiaolong , Jin Zhongda 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Researchers have proved that simple renal cysts (SRCs) might be correlated with renal dysfunction, but it is still controversial. Thus, we conducted clinical research study with large sample size and long-term follow-up to clarify the relationship between SRCs and renal dysfunction.

Methods
A total of 571 SRCs patients in outpatients of nephrology department were included, we investigated the clinical characteristics of growth SRCs compared with non-growth SRCs, evaluated the incidence of renal dysfunction in SRCs and explored the risk factors of renal dysfunction in growth SRCs.

Results
The mean baseline age was 51.31 ± 14.37 years in the whole cohort, ranging from 19 to 79 years, and 57.6% of them were male. The median follow-up duration was 3 years, ranging from 1 to 10 years. In addition, the final maximum diameter increased 1 mm (2.74%) per year. Patients in growth SRCs group tented to have higher percentage of hypertension, hematuria, large cyst and multiple cysts compared with non-growth SRCs group. The prevalence of renal dysfunction was 15.6% after the follow-up, and the prevalence of renal dysfunction was about 10 times higher in growth SRCs group than non-growth SRCs group (23.3% vs. 2.4%). Renal dysfunction was significantly associated with age, female, total cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, final maximum diameter and yearly change in maximum diameter in growth SRCs.

Conclusions
SRCs were closely related to the decline of renal function, we recommend close follow-up for growth SRCs.
Zur Anpassungsfähigkeit von Weiterbildungsanbietern in der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Christ Johannes , Martin Andreas , Koscheck Stefan 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Corona-Pandemie hat den Handlungskontext der Weiterbildungsanbieter in Deutschland unabhängig von deren Merkmalen und Eigenschaften kurzfristig verändert und diese zu zeitnahen Anpassungen ihres Angebotes gezwungen. Für die Wissenschaft bietet ein solcher exogener Schock die Gelegenheit zu untersuchen, inwiefern es den Weiterbildungsanbietern gelingt, sich einer grundlegend veränderten Situation anzupassen und welche Einrichtungsmerkmale dabei eine Rolle spielen. In dem Beitrag untersuchen wir die theoretisch begründeten Annahmen, dass die Ausgangslage der Weiterbildungsanbieter vor der Corona-Pandemie in Bezug auf die Nutzung digitaler Formate und Medien ein entscheidender Faktor für die kurzfristige Umstellung des Angebotes in der Pandemie war und dass sich insbesondere kommerzielle Anbieter besser an die veränderte Situation anpassen konnten. Auf der Grundlage von wbmonitor-Daten aus 2019 und 2020 testen wir die Hypothesen mit Dose-Response und Difference-in-Differences (DiD) Modellen. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf exogene Faktoren hin, die den Anpassungsleistungen Grenzen setzen.
Testing biological network motif significance with exponential random graph models
Authors: Stivala Alex , Lomi Alessandro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAnalysis of the structure of biological networks often uses statistical tests to establish the over-representation of motifs, which are thought to be important building blocks of such networks, related to their biological functions. However, there is disagreement as to the statistical significance of these motifs, and there are potential problems with standard methods for estimating this significance. Exponential random graph models (ERGMs) are a class of statistical model that can overcome some of the shortcomings of commonly used methods for testing the statistical significance of motifs. ERGMs were first introduced into the bioinformatics literature over 10 years ago but have had limited application to biological networks, possibly due to the practical difficulty of estimating model parameters. Advances in estimation algorithms now afford analysis of much larger networks in practical time. We illustrate the application of ERGM to both an undirected protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and directed gene regulatory networks. ERGM models indicate over-representation of triangles in the PPI network, and confirm results from previous research as to over-representation of transitive triangles (feed-forward loop) in anE. coliand a yeast regulatory network. We also confirm, using ERGMs, previous research showing that under-representation of the cyclic triangle (feedback loop) can be explained as a consequence of other topological features.
Methodendebatten als Fachdebatten
Authors: Geier Andrea 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungKrisendiagnosen begleiten die Fachgeschichte der Germanistik seit Langem. Während manche Klagen zu Recht ignoriert werden können, weil sie ein immer gleiches Bullshitbingo wiederholen, mit dem insbesondere geisteswissenschaftliche Fächer zu kämpfen haben, fordern andere zu einer differenzierten und dabei wesentlich selbstkritischen Betrachtung auf. Die Frage nach der Bedeutung von Hermeneutik im Rahmen einer »Krise des Textverstehens« ist ein solcher Anlass, über Methoden- als Fachdebatten nachzudenken. In welchem Kontext steht aktuell eine Debatte um Hermeneutik? Welchen Status hat Methodenpluralismus? Ein Rückblick auf die Auseinandersetzung um die kulturwissenschaftliche Orientierung der Germanistik und ein Fokus auf Relevanzfragen einer Germanistik in gesellschaftlicher Digitalität führen zu einigen grundsätzlichen offenen Fragen, die Gegenstand einer disziplinären Selbstpositionierung sein sollten.
Hermeneutik heute – über den Sinn von flachem Lesen und halbem Verstehen
Authors: Schütte Andrea 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungAngesichts der Diagnose einer Krise des Textverstehens fragt der Beitrag nach dem Sinn eines oberflächlichen Lesens und halben Verstehens. Die funktionale Analyse zeigt, dass prozedurales Wissen ökonomischer ist als der Umgang mit sinnbefrachteten Wissensfigurationen. Dennoch ist davon auszugehen, dass abstrakte Sinnkonstruktionen, die auf eine intensive Auseinandersetzung mit dem Text hindeuten, nach wie vor ihren Platz haben, in Anbetracht der Massenuniversität in der Lehre aber in den Hintergrund treten.