bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State of the Evidence for Emergency Medical Services Care of Adult Patients with Sepsis: An Analysis of Research from the Prehospital Evidence-Based Practice Program
Authors: Greene Jennifer , Goldstein Judah , Lane Daniel , Jensen Jan , Leroux Yves , Swain Janel , Fidgen Dana , Brown Ryan , Simpson Matthew , Carter Alix 
Published: January 2021

Introduction The Prehospital Evidence-Based Practice (PEP) program is an online, freely accessible, continuously updated emergency medical services evidence repository. This PEP summary describes the research evidence for the identification and management of adult patients with sepsis or septic shock. Methods A systematic search of the literature on sepsis or septic shock was conducted. Studies were scored by trained appraisers on a three-point level of evidence scale (based on study design and quality) and a three-point direction of evidence scale (supportive, neutral or opposing findings based on the studies’ primary outcome for each intervention). Results One hundred forty-three studies (80 existing and 63 new) were included for 16 interventions listed in PEP for adult patients with sepsis. The evidence matrix rank for supported interventions (n=16) were supportive-high quality (n=2, 12.5%) for crystalloid infusion and vasopressors, supportive-moderate quality (n=8, 50%) for identification tools, pre-notification, point-of-care lactate, titrated oxygen, temperature monitoring and balanced crystalloids. The benefit of pre-hospital antibiotics, colloids, Trendelenburg position and early goal-directed therapy remain inconclusive with a neutral direction of evidence. There is moderate level evidence opposing the use of high flow oxygen. Conclusion Several standard treatments are well supported by the evidence including fluid resuscitation, using balanced crystalloids, vasopressors and titrating oxygen. Tools for identifying and guiding treatment are also supported (eg. pre-notification, temperature monitoring and lactate). The evidence for antibiotic use is inconclusive. This PEP state of the evidence analysis can be used to guide selection of appropriate pre-hospital therapies during the development of pre-hospital protocols or clinical practice guidelines.
Diagnostic Validity of Serum Cystatin C for Detection of Acute Kidney Injury in Children
Authors: Luna Sharmin Akter , Sultana Jakia , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Uddin Golam Muin , Rahman Md Habibur , Roy Ranjit Ranjan 
Published: January 2021

Background: Detection of acute kidney injury is very essential among the children.
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to validate the serum cystatin C for the detection of acute kidney injury in children.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric Nephrology with the collaboration of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Paediatric Neurology, Paediatric Neonatology and Microbiology and Immunology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from May 2018 to July 2019 for a period of one year. Patients with the age group of 1 month to 17 years, who were at risk of AKI, and admitted in the inpatient department of Pediatrics and allied at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during this study period in both sexes were selected as study population. To detect AKI, serum creatinine was measured at 0 h (baseline), 48 h and 5th day respectively. Serum cystatin C were measured at 0 (baseline) and 48 h respectively for all patients.
Result: A total number of 52 patients were enrolled in this study. Here the AUC was 0.93 with 95% CI (0.864 - 0.995). Serum cystatin C had sensitivity of 95% (95% CI 77.9%-099.7%) with specificity 84% (95% CI 73.7%-87.3%), PPV 79% (95% CI 64.9%-83.1%), NPV 96% (95% CI 84.2%-99.8%), accuracy 88.7% (95% CI 75.3%-92.1%), positive likelihood ratio 6.08 and negative likelihood ratio 0.06 (95% CI 2.96-7.87 and 0.003-0.300 respectively).
Conclusion: In conclusion the diagnostic validity of serum cystatin C for the detection of AKI is very high among the children.
Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2020;7(2):44-48
Vitamin B6 and Magnesium on Neurobehavioral Status of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Study
Authors: Khan Farhana , Rahman Md Sayedur , Akhter Shaheen , Momen Abdul Basit Ibne , Raihan Sheikh Golam 
Published: January 2021

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurobehavioral disorder for which till date, no pharmacological treatment has been proven effective. Some studies on complementary alternative medicines have shown neurobehavioral improvements among children diagnosed with ASD, notably with the administration of a combination of Vitamin B6 and Magnesium.
Methods: This trial was designed to observe the effectiveness of a combination of Vitamin B6 and Magnesium in children with ASD with hyperactivity. One of the primary aim was to investigate any improvement among the six domains of ASD: general observation, cognition, emotion, social behavior, communication, and sensory deficits. Patients attending the outpatient department of the Institute of Pediatric Neurodisorder and Autism (IPNA), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, diagnosed as ASD, were selected for this trial on meeting the selection criteria diagnosed by DSM 5 (Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental disorders) and ADCL (Autism Diagnostic CheckList). Then the patients were randomly assigned into intervention group (Vitamin B6 and Magnesium) or placebo group. The intervention group received tablets of Vitamin B6 and Magnesium daily, for 3 months, where the dosage was pre-determined by age of the subjects. Patients aged 2-3 years received 50mg Magnesium and 25mg Vitamin B6 daily, aged 4-8 years received 100mg Magnesium and 50mg Vitamin B6 daily, and patients aged 9-12 years were given 200mg Magnesium and 100mg Vitamin B6 daily. The placebo group received similar looking oral placebo tablets for the duration as the intervention group. After 3 months, each patient was assessed once again using ADCL tool by a psychologist.
Results: Seventy (70) patients were enrolled for this study over a period of seven months. Among them fifty (50) met all criteria to be eligible for analysis. Therefore, intention to treat (ITT) was seventy (70) and per protocol treatment was fifty (50). Of these patients, twenty-seven (27) received Vitamin B6 and Magnesium and twenty-three (23) received placebo. The improvement observed in the proportion of patients in the intervention group (81%) was significantly (pd”0.05) higher compared to placebo (47%) group. This study revealed an overall improvement in the symptoms of autism along with improvements in specific domains e.g., Emotion (pd”0.01) and Cognition (pd” 0.05).
Conclusion: Despite the small population size, this study demonstrated neurobehavioural improvement among children with ASD with hyperactivity and irritability. Consequently, this can be expected that future studies conducted on a larger scale might help to establish the beneficial role of Vitamin B6 and Magnesium as a complementary treatment for autism with hyperactivity and irritability.
Bangladesh J Medicine January 2021; 32(1) : 12-18
Clean and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and Healthy Housing Influenced the Incident of Acute Respiratory Infection in Childhood
Authors: Kautsar Muhammad El , Anggraeni Nilam , Sari Vivi Permata , A Mboe Ribka B , Widyasari Anindya , Azwan Zahwa Afdhilani , Amatillah Athiyah , Jie Priscillia Ivana 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Based on preliminary surveys in this study, it was found 86.7% of respondents suffered from accute respiratory infection experienced 4 times reinfection within 3 months and 50% of respondents rarely consumed balanced nutritious food.
Aims: to find the correlation between clean and healthy lifestyle behaviours, healthy housing and the frequency of accute respiratory infection in children under the age of 1-4 years.
Method: a cross-sectional study was used by involving mothers or caregivers with infants aged 1-4 years in Malang Regency. A questionnaire was applied as research instrument.
Result: Statistical analysis shows that there is a significant correlation between family members who smoke (p-value=0.021) and the level of home density (p-value=0.03) with the frequency of acute respiratory tract infections in toddlers. While the relationship of other variables such as the sex of children under five (p-value=0.799), clean and healthy lifestyle behaviour: delivery at primary health care (p-value=0.084), exclusive breastfeeding(p-value=0.940), routinely visiting Integrated Healthcare Center (p-value=0.396), hand washing behaviour (p-value=0.523), consuming healthy food (pvalue= 0.247), and infant’s activity(p-value=0.096), healthy housing: ventilation (p-value=0.396) and lighting (p-value=0.767) have no a significant correlation with incident of accute respiratory infection in infants .
Conclusion: There is a correlation between family members who smoke and the level of home density with the frequency of accute respiratory infection in children under the age of 1-4 years
Bangladesh J Medicine January 2021; 32(1) : 19-24
Demographic and Clinical profile of COVID- 19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Private Hospital of Dhaka, Bangladesh: An Observational Study
Authors: Mamun SM Abdullah Al , Noor Mahboob , Jahan Rowshnee , Khan Shahjalal 
Published: January 2021

COVID-19 caused by SARS COV-2 is a major threat to man kinds. Rapid identification of cases and isolation are vital for containments of rapidly spreading disease.Clinical data on COVID 19 in Bangladesh is lessThe objectives of the study were to evaluate the Demographic profile of Corvid 19 positive Bangladeshi patients and also to see their clinical outcome within defined period. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study on epidemiological & clinical profile along with short term treatment outcomes of 729 COVID 19 patients from COVID dedicated unit including Ward/Cabin, HDU & ICU of Evercare Hospitals Dhaka during the period of 1st May June to 31st October 2020 (6 months) Total 729 COVID-19 cases were enrolled after getting the result positive for RT-PCR. After collection, data were analyzed to show demographic profile of patients and their outcome after treatment.Among 729 cases, 453 (62%) were male and 276 (38%) were female. The most prevalent affected age groups were 50-64 (32%) . Patients in 15-29 years age group, 52 (10%) in 30- 49 years, 218 (29%). in 50- 64 years of age 247(32%) and in 65 above of age 212(29% Mean age is 52.2±2. Among the total admitted cases in different facilities only 79 patient expired .among them 48 patients was male and 31 was female of different age group.
Bangladesh J Medicine January 2021; 32(1) : 25-30
Evaluation of Vitamin D Status among the Doctors of Bangladesh – A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Islam Quazi Tarikul , Reza Md Alimur , Rahman Md Khalilur , Islam AFM Nazmul , Rahman Saiyeedur , Sutradhar Satya Ranjan , Sarkar Devendra Nath , Hossain Md Zakir , Dutta Ashok Kumar , Kamal SM , Motaleb Riyadh 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to a whole spectrum of diseases including osteoporosis, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and immune disorders. Though Bangladesh is low latitude country, vitamin D Deficiency is serious and wide spread problem in Bangladesh. Physicians of Bangladesh are more vulnerable to low vitamin D status due to long indoor work hours and lack of sunlight exposure in both government & private institute. So, the aim of this study to evaluate vitamin D status among the physicians working around the Bangladesh.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study where we enrolled 1112 doctors from 9 different areas of Bangladesh from May 2018 to June 2019. A Blood sample was collected from all participants to measure Serum 25(OH)D and various patient data such as age, gender, BMI, physical activity level during leisure time, use of vitamins and medications, sunlight exposure time, tea/coffee drinking, smoking, H/O comorbidities etc. was collected.
Results: Of the 1112 doctors assessed in the study,794 (71.4%) was male and 318 (28.6%) was female. Mean age of the participants was 45.5±11.1 Years. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was found in 734 (65.8%) and 105 (9.4%) participants respectively. Mean vitamin D level was 18.9 ng/ml (±8.6 ng/ml). Less than 5% of participants of Rajshahi, Rangpur, Dhaka, Bogura and Sylhet had sufficient vitamin D level. Vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with age, obesity, sunlight exposure, physical inactivity, hypertension and vitamin D supplementation.
Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency is very common among physicians of all over Bangladesh. The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the present study points towards urgent need of an integrated approach to detect vitamin D deficiency among health care professionals and treat appropriately.
Bangladesh J Medicine January 2021; 32(1) : 31-38
Unusual Suicide Case: Survived After Long Suffering
Authors: Rahman Arfa , Tahseen Homayra , Islam Quazi Tarikul , Ahasan HAM Nazmul 
Published: January 2021

Hanging is one of the common forms of violent mechanical asphyxial death. When compared to other forms of unnatural death all over the world this method stands on top as death is instantaneous.Hanging is always suicidal unless otherwise proved. The aim of this study is to gain new knowledge that would enable the design of effective of measures that would help to prevent suicide by hanging. In this case report, we will discuss the unusual presentation of a young lady who attempts suicide frequently did not result in death. We present data indicating that victims can be resuscitated even after prolonged period of suspension & unconsciousness & some of the reasons why asphyxiation by hanging may be delayed when there is no damage to the spinal cord. The logical, thoughtful management options that we chose at various stages of her disease in general ward with the use of colistin which eventually led to her cure are also discussed here. Emphasis is given on how these tricky cases can be deal with prognostically good results could be achieved, if such victims are vigorously & promptly resuscitated, irrespective of her initial presentation.
Bangladesh J Medicine January 2021; 32(1) : 53-57
Ekstrakurikuler Baca Tulis Al-Qur’an Pada Siswa Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus
Authors: Sari Nisa Maya , Mahfudh Mahfudh 
Published: January 2021

Inclusive school is a school that combines children with special needs with other normal children in one class and this school was implemented in Kediri two years ago SMPN 05 Kediri. In order to make it easier for children with special needs to understand the teachings of Islam at school, the school organizes extracurricular writing the Qur'an every Thursday. This study uses qualitative research methods with a case study approach because researchers want to see and understand directly how the extracurricular process is carried out. Data collection techniques, researchers used interviews, observation and documentation. With this extracurricular, children with special needs little by little can already recognize the Hijaiyah letters and read the book Iqra.

Sekolah inklusi merupakan sekolahan yang menggabungkan anak berkebutuhan khusus dengan anak normal lainnya dalam satu kelas dan sekolahan ini sudah terlaksana di Kediri dua tahun yang lalu SMPN 05 Kediri,. Agar anak berkebutuhan khusus lebih mudah memahami pelajaran agama Islam di sekolah, pihak sekolah mengadakan ekstrakurikuler bca tulis Al-Qur’an setiap hari kamis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, karena peneliti ingin melihat dan memahami secara langsung bagaimana proses ekstrakurikuler tersebut terlaksana. Teknik pengumpulan data, peneliti menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Dengan adanya ekstrakurikuler ini, anak berkebutuhan khusus sedikit demi sedikit sudah bisa mengenal huruf Hijaiyah dan membaca buku Iqra
Upaya Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran Aqidah Akhlak Melalui Pendekatan Contextual Teaching And Learning
Authors: Istiqomah Hascita 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to improve student achievement in Aqeedah Akhlak through the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach. This research is a class action research carried out in two cycles in the first cycle conducted 2 meetings while in the second cycle conducted 1 meeting. Each cycle consists of planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. Data on student learning pest obtained through student test results at the end of cycle I and cycle II, the results of learning activities are seen by racing on the guidelines for student activity observation sheets and teacher activities. The indicator of the success of this study is to improve student learning achievement in the subject of aqidah moral through the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach. Seen at an average value of 86.31 with a classical completeness percentage of 89.43%. The application of the Contextual Teaching and Learning approach can improve student achievement in class III MI Assa'adah Labuapi District, West Lombok Regency Academic Year 2017/2018.

[Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkann prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Aqidah Akhlak melalui pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning(CTL). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang di laksanakan dalam dua siklus pada siklus I dilakukan 2 pertemuan sedangkan pada siklus II dilakukan 1 pertemuan. Masing-masing siklus terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Data pestasi belajar siswa di peroleh melalui hasil tes siswa pada akhir siklus I dan siklus II, hasil aktivitas kegiatan pembelajaran dilihat dengan berpacu pada pedoman lembar observasi aktivitas siswa dan aktivitas guru. Indikator keberhasilan penelitian ini yaitu meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran aqidah akhlak melalui pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL). Dilihat pada nilai rata-rata 86,31 dengan presentase ketuntasan klasikal yaitu 89,43%.Penerapan pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa kelas III MI Assa’adah Kecamatan Labuapi Kabupaten Lombok Barat Tahun Ajaran 2017/2018]
Program Kemandirian Guru Dalam Meningkatkan Kepercayaan Masyarakat
Authors: Muslimin Muslimin , Ubaidila Syafik 
Published: January 2021

This type of research is descriptive qualitative. According to Kirt and Miller in his book Lexy J. Moleong, "Qualitative research is that researchers have studied the phenomena studied by natural settings. Therefore, the data raised in the form of description with words, both oral and written language. While the data collection method uses observation, interviews / interviews and documentation. Then analyzed using descriptive / data exposure. From the results of data exposure, research findings and discussion can be seen that: {1} the increase in teacher independence in MI Al Munir Gadungan Village is seen in several activities, namely [a] through preparation of learning by preparing RPP in accordance with applicable SK and KD, [b] increase teacher creativity in developing learning strategies. [c] teacher creativity in choosing and using learning methods ,. [d] The creativity of the teacher in selecting and using learning media is very important to do, [e] the creativity of the teacher in class management. Classroom management with preventive and curative techniques, [f] teacher creativity in assessment; and [g] teacher creativity in improvement and enrichment programs. {2} The factors that support and hinder the teacher's personality improvement program.

[Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif diskriptif. Menurut Kirt dan Miller dalam bukunya Lexy J. Moleong, “penelitian kualitiatif adalah udaha peneliti mendalami fenomena yang diteliti dengan seting natural. Karena itu, data yang dimunculkan berupa diskripsi dengan kata, bahasa baik lisan maupun tulisan. Sedangkan metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara/ interview dan dokumentasi. Kemudian dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif / paparan data. Dari hasil paparan data, temuan penelitian dan pembahasan dapat diketahui bahwa: {1} peningkatan kemandirian guru di MI Al Munir Desa Gadungan terlihat dalam beberapa kegaitan yaitu [a] melalui persiapan permbelajaran dengan penyusunan RPP sesuai dengan SK dan KD yang berlaku, [b] meningkatkan kreativitas guru dalam mengembangkan strategi pembelajaran. [c] kreativitas guru dalam memilih dan menggunakan metode pembelajaran,. [d] Kreativitas guru dalam memilih dan menggunakan media pembelajaran sangat penting untuk dilakukan, [e] kreativitas guru dalam pengelolaan kelas. Pengelolaan kelas dengan teknik preventif dan kuratif, [f] kreativitas guru dalam penilaian; dan [g] kreatifitas guru dalam program perbaikan dan pengayaan. {2} Faktor yang mendukung dan menghambat program peningkatan kepribadian guru]
Pendidikan Spiritual Dalam Tradisi Istighosah Santri Pondok Pesantren Al Mahrusiyah III Ngampel
Authors: Hasim Fuad , Nurfalah Yasin 
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pendidikan spiritual dalam tradisi istighotsah santri Pondok Pesantren HM Al-Mahrusiyah III Ngampel. Pendidikan spiritual merupakan pendidikan yang menanamkan rasa cinta kepada Alloh di dalam hati seseorang yang menjadikannya mengharap ridho Alloh, baik di setiap ucapan, perbuatan, sikap dan tingkah laku. Itighotsah merupakan pengharapan adanya pertolongan dari Alloh, karena Alloh lah yang maha penolong segalanya dan hanya Alloh yang maha mengabulkan atas segala macam kebutuhan manusia yang menjadi keinginan serta kebutuhannya. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif diskriptif yang beranjak ari dua pertanyaan, yaitu ; 1) Bagaimana Proses Kegiatan Istighotsah 2) Bagaimana Perubahan Spiritual yang Dirasakan Setelah Mengikuti Istighotsah. Dengan adanya pertanyaan yang menjadi rumusan masalah tersebut, peneliti memperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: 1) Tahap pra istighotsah, dilakukan pengoprakan. Tahap istighotsah, ada tiga bagian didalamnya, pertama Muqodimah, yaitu sholat sunat Tasbih, Witir dan Hajat. Kedua Isi, yaitu tawashul, tahlil dan membaca dzikir. Ketiga Penutup, membaca Hisbus Salamah, Hisbun Nasar dan do’a istighotsah. Tahapan pasca istighotsah. Melaksanakan sholat subuh berjama’ah. 2) menenangkan jiwa, karena di dalamnya terdapat hal-hal yang mendatangkan ketenangan, seperti sholat sunat, dzikrullah dalam pembacaan tahlil, tahmit, tasbih, takbir dan sholawat.