bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Radiologic analysis and Clinical Outcomes of Urgent EC-IC Bypass for Hemodynamic Compromised Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Jo Hyunjun , Seo Dongwook , Kim Young-Deok , Ban Seung Pil , Kim Tackeun , Kwon Oki , Oh Chang Wan , Sunwoo Leonard , Kim Beom Joon , Han Moon-Ku , Bae Hee-Joon , Lee Si Un , Bang Jae Seung 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective

The treatment of choice for acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion is intra-arterial thrombectomy. The extracranial-to-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass was relatively devaluated; however, recent studies have shown that this surgery can be helpful when performed for a highly selective patient group.
Methods

We analyzed 41 patients who underwent urgent EC-IC bypass at the Seoul National University Bundang Hospital after being selected using strict operation criteria and retrospectively reviewed the effectiveness and safety of the surgery. In particular, quantitative data from perfusion computed tomography images were reconstructed to analyze the changes in pre- and postoperative perfusion status in terms of objective numerical values. We also clinically assessed the patients’ neurological outcome and complication rates.
Results

Immediate postoperatively, the volume of time-to-max (Tmax) > 6 second decreased significantly; it continued to improve significantly until 6 months postoperatively (preoperative, 89 ml; immediate postoperative, 21.5 ml; postoperative 6 months, 10.5 ml). Ischemic core-penumbra mismatch volumes were also significantly improved until 6 months postoperatively (preoperative, 77 ml; immediate postoperative, 21 ml; postoperative 6 months, 5.5 ml). Other perfusion parameters, such as Tmax > 10 s, Tmax > 8 s, and Tmax > 4 s also showed statistically significant improvement. In addition, the patient's neurological condition significantly improved. The surgical complication rate in this study was similar to those in previous studies. The predictors of good postoperative neurological condition were the patient's preoperative condition and perfusion status of the patient immediately postoperatively.
Conclusion

Emergent EC-IC bypass can be useful for patients with acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion ineligible for IAT if surgery is performed well after applying the strict surgical indications.
The Effect of Incubation Temperature On Semen Parameters Before Intra-Uterine Insemination
Authors: Salang Lingling , Seejorn Kanok , Pongsritasana Thanida 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objectives

To evaluate the effect of different incubation temperature between room (26–28˚c) and body (37 ˚c) temperature on percentage of progressive sperm motility and the optimal incubation period before intrauterine insemination.
Methods

Seventy-one normal semen samples under WHO 2010 criteria were recruited. All semen was prepared with Density Gradient Centrifugation technique (DGC) and divided into two groups to evaluate sperm motility at 60 min of incubation time. First group: prepared semen was incubated in room temperature (26˚-28˚c) and second group: prepared semen was incubated in body temperature (37°c). Moreover, each group is divided into 4 items for compare sperm motility between both groups in same of incubation time and evaluate the optimal incubation time between the items in the same groups.
Results

Spermatozoa incubated at body temperature had a significantly higher percentage of progressive sperm motility than those incubated at room temperature (89.62 ± 8.02 vs 85.97 ± 9.42; p < 0.01). The optimal incubation time at room temperature was 30 minutes and at body temperature was 60 minutes. These results suggest that spermatozoa incubated at 37°C for 60 minutes were more likely to have better sperm motility functions for IUI.
Conclusion

These results suggest that spermatozoa incubated at 37°C for 60 minutes were more likely to be effective for use in IUI in terms of sperm motility functions.
Production of Transgenic Allium Cepa By Nanoparticles To Resist Aspergillus Niger Infection
Authors: Hussien Eman Tawfik , Hammad Ibtisam Abd El-Ghany , Razik Ashraf Bakry Abdel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Transgenic plants are becoming a more powerful tool in modern biotechnology. Genetic engineering was used in biotech-derived products to create genetically modified (GM) plants. Plant bioreactor systems have proven to be extremely effective in the production of disease resistance plants. The onion (Allium cepa, L.) is a common, important perennial vegetable crop grown in Egypt for food and economic value. Onions are susceptible to a variety of fungal infections and diseases. Aspergillus niger is a common onion phytopathogen that causes diseases such as black mould (or black rot), which is a major issue, particularly when exporting onions. A.niger grows between the bulb's outer (dead, flaky) skin and the first fleshy scales, which become water-soaked. Thionin genes produce thionin proteins, which have antimicrobial properties against a variety of phytopathogens, including A. niger. Chitosan nanoparticles act as a carrier for the thionin gene, which allows A. cepa to resist infection by A. niger. Transgenic A. cepa has a high level of resistance to fungal infection. Transgenic A. cepa had a 27 % weight inhibition compared to non-transgenic one, which had a 69 % inhibition. The expressed thionin protein has a 52 % inhibitory effect on A. niger spore germination. All of these findings supported thionin protein's antifungal activity as an antimicrobial peptide. Furthermore, the data presented here demonstrated the efficacy of chitosan nanoparticles in gene transformation. The present study describes the benefits of producing transgenic onion resistance to black rot diseases.
Exploring the Differential Gene of CHOP-Related Factors in Hepatocellular Injury Caused by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress
Authors: Duan Leng-xin , Guo Man-lin , Ma Xiang-yu , Gong Yu-qing , Li San-qiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP/DDIT3) is a protein activated by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). However, the downstream genes of CHOP on liver damage caused by ER-stress have been unclear. Herein, we investigated the potential downstream related factors of CHOP in L-02 cells.Methods and Material: Tunicamycin (TM) was used to induce ER-stress. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to knocked down CHOP, and the functions of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from functional annotations. qRT-PCR was employed to validate the expression levels of candidate DEGs.Results: 633 genes were differentially expressed between ERS L-02 cells and normal L-02 cells，and 131 genes were differentially expressed between shRNA-CHOP and shRNA-NC in ERS L-02 cells. By analyze these results, we luckily found 8 genes including Interferon a-inducible protein 27 (IFI27), Lipocalin 2 (LCN2), Chromosome 11 Open Reading Frame 86 (C11orf86), Calmegin (CLGN), Kelch domain- containing 7B (KLHDC7B), Niban Apoptosis Regulator 1 (Niban), T-Cell Receptor Gamma- Chain Constant Region (TARP), Lysosome associated membrane protein 3 (LAMP3) were intimately related to chop. Conclusion: Our study might contribute to better understand how CHOP functions during ER-stress, and these results can expand databases of CHOP in GenBank or others.
Down-Regulating Hexokinase 2 Inhibits Proliferation of Endometrial Stromal Cells Through a Noncanonical Pathway Involving Phosphorylated-STAT1 in Endometriosis
Authors: Hou Shuhui , Lei Shating , Peng Haiyan , Weng Lichun , Lv Siji , Li Mingqing , Zhao Dong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Endometriosis is a benign gynecologic disease that causes chronic pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea and infertility and shares several characteristics with malignant tumors, afflicting women of reproductive age. Hexokinase 2 (HK2) plays a pivotal role as the first rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolic glycolysis pathway, and its abnormal elevation in tumors is associated with tumor genesis and metastasis. However, the expression and role of HK2 in endometriosis remain unclear.Methods: We sequenced the primary endometrial stromal cells from patients with endometrioma and adopted immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR and western blot to determine the expression of HK2. Then wound healing assays, cell invasion assays, cell proliferation assays were performed to explore the functions of HK2 in endometrial stromal cells. Furthermore, mice models of endometriosis were recruited to observe the effects of HK2 inhibitors in vivo. Lastly, glycolysis metabolism detection and transcriptome sequencing were carried out in HK2-knockdown endometrial stromal cells to analyze the mechanism of HK2 affecting cell function.Results: Endometriotic stromal cells displayed active glycolysis metabolism and elevated expression of HK2. Downregulating HK2 reduced the migration, invasion and proliferation capacity of endometrial stromal cells. Knockdown of HK2 induced upregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and their phosphorylation to attenuate the proliferation of endometrial stromal cells.Conclusions: HK2 was associated with the migration, invasion and proliferation of endometrial stromal cells, which might provide new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of endometriosis.
Ezidi Voices: The Communication of COVID-19 Information Amongst a Refugee Community in Rural Australia- a Participatory Study.
Authors: Healey Sunita Joann Rebecca , Ghafournia Nafiseh , Massey Peter D , Taylor Kathryn , Andrich Karinne , Harrison Joy , Bolsewicz Katarzyna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: There is growing evidence that government health information related to COVID-19 has failed to adequately reach culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations in Australia. People who were refugees are a unique sub-set of the CALD communities and are subject to numerous barriers preventing adequate health care, both pre- and post-migration. The barriers are accentuated during emergencies, such as a pandemic, as a result of an intersection of various social and economic inequalities. The recently resettled Ezidi refugee community in a regional area of Australia is an example of a community sitting at the intersection of various inequities and thus at greater risk from COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to describe the experiences of the Ezidi in a regional area with COVID-19 information and how this has been communicated to and shared within this group; what barriers the community may experience in accessing COVID-19 information; and how the government led COVID-19 information communication could be improved.Methods: This qualitative study was designed to explore the perceptions and views of the Ezidi and service providers regarding COVID-19 messaging. Working within a participatory framework the Multicultural and Refugee Health staff facilitated interviews with four local service providers and ten Ezidi community members, including seven influential leaders. Thematic analysis was employed across individual, pair and group data analysis. Similar categories were grouped into themes. Results: The main findings of the study are: the refugee experience influences the communication of COVID-19 messages; Cultural, social and gender norms influence responses to COVID-19; trusted individuals and service providers are key in community’s uptake of COVID-19 messages; currently available governmental COVID-19 information resources and sharing strategies were found unhelpful and inappropriate; COVID-19 communiqués and message delivery for this regional minority refugee community can be improved. Conclusion: The recently resettled Ezidi community, and likely other similar communities, would benefit from tailored engagement by government organisations, as well as settlement services to improve the communication of COVID-19 health information and reduce related inequities.
Radiographic evaluation of the congruency of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in hallux valgus
Authors: yan li , Tao Xu , Tang Kanglai 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

The congruency of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint was extremely important for the selection of operating methods and prognosis, while its radiographic evaluation method was relatively lacking. The purpose of this article was to explore the radiographic indicators for evaluating the congruency of the first MTP joint.
Methods

The patients who had X-ray of weightbearing in the outpatient system were selected, excluding patients with trauma, deformity, and history of operation. 183 patients with 245 feet were included. The hallux valgus angle (HVA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), metatarsophalangeal joint angle (MTPJA), congruency index (CI) and tibial sesamoid position (TSP) were measured and do statistical analysis.
Results

The higher the degree of hallux valgus, the higher the proportion of incongruency of the first MTP joint. Significant differences were found in DMAA, MTPJA and CI between the congruency and incongruency groups of patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus (P < 0.05). The area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve for MTPJA and CI was 0.906 and 0.884, the sensitivity and specificity reached 0.791 and 0.862, 0.949 and 0.644, and the critical values were 10.67 and 0.765 respectively. The correlation test indicated that in the congruency group, DMAA and HVA had positive correlation, but MTPJA, CI and HVA had low correlation coefficients. DMAA and HVA were not correlated in the incongruency group, while MTPJA and HVA were significantly positively correlated, and CI and HVA showed a negative correlation (P < 0.05).
Conclusion

MTPJA and CI are indicators that can quantitatively evaluate the congruency of the first MTP joint, taking 10° and 0.765 as the demarcation points respectively. Clinically, the congruency of MTP joint should be considered when choosing operating methods for different degrees of hallux valgus, MTPJA and CI can be used as quantitative evaluation indicators.
Based on Dll4/Notch1 Signaling Pathway to Elucidate the Therapeutic Effect and Mechanism of L-borneolum on Cerebral Ischemic Stroke Rats
Authors: Dong Taiwei , Chen Nian , Ma Rong , Xie Qian , Guo Xiaoqing , Wang Jian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: The current research progress suggests that a single therapy may not be ideal means for complex cerebral ischemic stoke (CIS). l-Borneolum is the crystallization of fresh leaves of Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC, we have found that l-borneolum plays a best anti-cerebral ischemic effect than d-borneolum or synthetic borneolum. However, the mechanism is needed to be explored in depth. Therefore, based on comprehensive approach that combines molecular docking technology and molecular biology, this stiudy aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of l-borneolum on CIS rats and provide scientific evidence for the treatment of l-borneolum in CIS.Methods: Cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS) rats with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) were applied to this study. The modified neurological severity scores (mNSS) and Longa neurological function scoring methods were used to assess the neurobehavioral scores. 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were used to evaluate pathological changes of cerebral tissue. Ultrastructure of cortical capillary and blood-brain barrier (BBB) in rats were observed by transmission electron microscopy. In addition, the protein expression of Notch1, Dll4, Hey1, Hes1, Hes5, VEGFA and p65 in the cortex of rats were determined by Western blotting (WB). The protein contents of Caspase 3 in the cortex of rats were determined by immunohistochemical method (IHC). Results: l-Borneolum could prolong the resuscitation time, reduce the abnormal increased rectal temperature, improve neurological function in a dose-dependently. Additionally, l-borneolum could significantly alleviate brainstem edema and inflammation, as well as improve the ultrastructure of capillary and BBB in cortex. Moreover, 0.2 g/kg l-borneolum could substantially decrease the protein expressions of Dll4, Notch1, Hes1, Hes5, and VEGFA in the cortex while it decreased the level of Caspase-3 in the cortex of rats. Conclusions: l-Borneolum could repair neurological function by regulating Dll4/Notch1 signaling pathway, l-borneolum might be a good complementary agent for CIS.
Dosimetric Comparison of Passive Scattering and Active Scanning Proton Therapy Techniques Using GATE Simulation
Authors: Asadi Ali , Akhavanallaf Azadeh , Hosseini Seyed Abolfazl , Vosoughi Naser , Zaidi Habib 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: In this study, two proton beam delivery designs, i.e. passive scattering proton therapy (PSPT) and pencil beam scanning (PBS), were quantitatively compared in terms of dosimetric indices. The GATE Monte Carlo (MC) particle transport code was used to simulate the proton beam system; and the developed simulation engines were benchmarked with respect to the experimental measurements.Method: A water phantom was used to simulate system energy parameters using a set of depth-dose data in the energy range of 120-235 MeV. To compare the performance of PSPT against PBS, multiple dosimetric parameters including Bragg peak width (BPW50), peak position, range, peak-to-entrance dose ratio, and dose volume histogram have been analyzed under the same conditions. Furthermore, the clinical test cases introduced by AAPM TG-119 were simulated in both beam delivery modes to compare the relevant clinical values obtained from Dose Volume Histogram (DVH) analysis. Results: The parametric comparison in the water phantom between the two techniques revealed that the value of peak-to-entrance dose ratio in PSPT is considerably higher than that from PBS by a factor of 8%. In addition, the BPW50 in PSPT was increased by a factor of 7% compared to the corresponding value obtained from PBS model. TG-119 phantom simulations showed that the difference of PTV mean dose between PBS and PSPT techniques are up to 1.8 % while the difference of max dose to organ at risks (OARs) exceeds 50%. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that the active scanning proton therapy systems was superior in adapting to the target volume, better dose painting, and lower out-of-field dose compared to passive scattering design.
Astrocyte-Derived TNF-α Activated Platelets Promote Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating RIP1/RIP3/AKT Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Wei , Liu Dengping , Xu Jiaqi , Zha Jun , Wang Chen , An Jianzhong , Xie Zhanli , Qiao Shigang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a type of clinical syndrome caused by disruption of blood flow into the cerebral tissues, and is associated with high disability and mortality rates. Studies have established a pathological role of platelets in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In the present study, we induced I/R in a mouse model via middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R), and analyzed the transcriptomic profiles of the ipsilateral and contralateral cortices by RNA-seq. We found that cerebral I/R injury induced platelet invasion and accumulation in the cerebral cortex by stimulating TNF-α secretion from the activated astrocytes in the ischemic region. TNF-α enhanced platelet reactivity through the RIP1/RIP3/AKT pathway. Furthermore, inoculation of TNF-α-stimulated platelets aggravated I/R injury in mice, whereas administration of anti-TNF-α antibodies at the onset of reperfusion alleviated ischemic damage. RNA-seq further showed that AP-1 transcriptionally activated TNF-α in the I/R-injured cortex by directly binding to the promoter region. These findings provide novel insights into the pathological role of platelets induced by reactive astrocyte-derived TNF-α in cerebral I/R injury.
Reference Gene Validation Within the Rat Brain Under Mild Intermittent Ketosis Induced by Supplementation with Medium-Chain Triglycerides
Authors: Schwarz Alexander Pavlovich , Nikitina Veronika Alexandrovna , Krytskaya Darya Uladzimirawna , Shcherbakova Ksenia Pavlovna , Trofimov Alexander Nikolaevich 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
RT-qPCR has become the gold standard in mRNA expression analysis. However, it requires an accurate choice of reference genes for adequate normalization. This work aims to validate the reference genes for qPCR experiments in the brain of rats in the model of mild ketosis established through supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and intermittent fasting. The standard chow of adult Wistar rats was supplemented with MCT oil (2 ml/kg, i.g., during 6 h of fasting) or water (equivolume) for 1 month. The mRNA expression of 9 housekeeping genes (Actb, B2m, Gapdh, Hprt1, Pgk1, Ppia, Rpl13a, Sdha, Ywhaz) in the medial prefrontal cortex, dorsal and ventral hippocampus was measured by RT-qPCR. Using the RefFinder® online tool, we have found that the reference gene stability ranking strongly depended on the analyzed brain region. The most stably expressed reference genes were found to be Ppia, Actb, and Rpl13a in the medial prefrontal cortex; Rpl13a, Ywhaz, and Pgk1 in the dorsal hippocampus; Ywhaz, Sdha, and Ppia in the ventral hippocampus. The B2m was identified as an invalid reference gene in the ventral hippocampus, while Sdha, Actb, and Gapdh were unstable in the dorsal hippocampus. The stabilities of the examined housekeeping genes were lower in the dorsal hippocampus compared to the ventral hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex. Thus, the expression stability of reference genes strongly depends on the examined brain regions. The dorsal and ventral hippocampal areas differ in reference genes stability rankings, which should be taken into account in the RT-qPCR experimental design.
Human TNF-α Affects the Egg-laying Dynamics and Glucose Metabolism of Schistosoma Mansoni Adult Worms in Vitro
Authors: Lopes-Junior Ednilson Hilário , Silveira Gilbert de Oliveira , Guedes Camila Banca , Rodrigues Gratchela Dutra , Ribeiro Viviane Sousa , Amaral Murilo Sena , Kanamura Cristina Takami , Pinto Pedro Luiz Silva , Krüger Rodrigo Ferreira , Verjovski-Almeida Sergio , Oliveira Katia C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Several studies described the effect of human TNF-α on Schistosoma mansoni. It affects the worm’s development, metabolism, egg-laying, changes in the parasite´s gene expression and protein phosphorylation. Data available concerning the influence of hTNF-α on egg-laying are controversial and understanding the mechanism of egg-laying regulation is essential in combating schistosomiasis. We characterized the effects of in vitro treatment of S. mansoni adult worms with different doses of hTNF-α (5, 20 and 40ng/mL) for five days. We explored the effects on the egg-laying rate, glucose, ATP metabolism, mRNA expression levels of lactate dehydrogenase, of glucose transporters and of SmTNFR, the parasite gene for hTNF-α receptor. hTNF-α influenced egg-laying in a time and dose dependent manner: with 40ng/mL, egg-laying increased on day 2 and decreased on days 3 and 4; 20 ng/mL dose, egg-laying decreased on day 3, while at 5ng/mL dose, egg-laying decreased on day 4. The total number of eggs produced was not affected, but the egg-laying dynamic was altered; the median egg-laying time decreased significantly due to treatment. At 5 and 20ng/mL hTNF-alpha, lactate production diminished on days 3 up to 5, while glucose uptake increased on day 5. At 40ng/mL, glucose uptake diminished on days 1 up to 3, while ATP accumulation was detected on day 5. No significant changes in the mRNA expression were detected in all treatments. Crosstalk involving the hTNF-alpha and the parasite signaling play a role in the fine regulation of the worm´s metabolism and physiology and points to new strategies for disease control.