bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polytypism in semi-disordered lizardite and amesite by low-dose HAADF-STEM
Authors: Zhang Hui , Zarzycki Piotr , Gilbert Benjamin , Banfield Jillian F. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractSerpentine minerals exert important controls on the physical properties of ultramafic rocks and have the potential to influence deformation phenomena in fault zones and to control the release of water in subducted slabs. Sheet serpentine generally, and lizardite and amesite specifically, can adopt alternative crystallographic stacking arrangements called polytypes. Polytypism has been extensively studied in fully ordered crystals, but it remains largely enigmatic in the more common semi-disordered crystals that in long-range analyses such as X-ray diffraction only exhibit random combinations of 0b and ±1/3b interlayer shifts. To date, atomic-resolution imaging to identify locally ordered polytypes has been precluded by the beam-sensitive nature of this hydrous magnesium silicate mineral. Here, we employed low-dose high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) to study the polytypic structure of semi-disordered lizardite and amesite. Because the electron dose was as low as ~6000 e–/Å2, it was possible to directly resolve oxygen atomic columns and all the cations with a resolution of ~1 Å and reveal the short-range order. For lizardite, we identified long-period non-standard polytypes, including examples with 3, 4, 8, and 9 layers stemming from the ordering of the octahedral tilt along the a-axis. For amesite, we found short-range ordered polytypes with periodicities of up to 42 Å stemming from the ordering of interlayer shifts along the b-axis. The resolution was sufficient to determine the relative abundance of 6R2, 6R1, 2H1, and 2H2 polytypes in amesite to be 46.1, 29.6, 7.7, and 1.9%, respectively. This is contrary to the expectation that the most common form of amesite is the 2H2 polytype, which may be more likely to form macroscopic crystals suitable for conventional X-ray diffraction-based studies. We conclude that HAADF-STEM methods open the way for the characterization of beam-sensitive minerals and to resolve the structural details of less well-ordered (but possibly more abundant) minerals at a unit-cell scale.
Simple enumeration of Escherichia coli concentrations in river water samples by measuring β-d-glucuronidase activities in a microplate reader
Authors: Satoh Hisashi , Katayose Yutaka , Hirano Reiko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Monitoring of Escherichia coli concentrations in river water (RW) is essential to identify fecal pollution of the river. The objective of this study was to assess the suitability of a novel, simple and high throughput method developed in our laboratory to enumerate E. coli concentrations in RW samples. The method is based on the use of the synthetic substrate specific for the β-d-glucuronidase (GUS) produced by E. coli. GUS activities and E. coli concentrations were monitored at eight selected sites in rivers running through Sapporo, Japan. Because the fluorescence intensities of the synthetic substrate in the RW samples increased linearly over a 4-h incubation period, we could estimate the GUS activities of the RW samples. The GUS activities were highly correlated with E. coli concentrations at &gt;100 most probable numbers 100 mL−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.87. The GUS activities of the RW samples collected from all sampling sites fitted well to a single correlation equation, which indicates that it was applicable to the estimation of E. coli concentrations regardless of the sampling sites. This method is simple, rapid, reliable, inexpensive, and high throughput, and is therefore useful for monitoring E. coli in RW.
The Life Cycle and in silico Elucidation of Non-structural Replicating
Proteins of HCV Through a Pharmacoinformatics Approach
Authors: Tahir Rana Adnan , Mughal Sumera , Nazir Amina , Noureen Asma , Jawad Ayesha , Waqas Muhammad , Sehgal Sheikh Arslan 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an enveloped and positive-stranded RNA virus that is a major causative agent of chronic liver diseases worldwide. HCV has become the main cause of liver transplantations and there is no effective drug for all hepatitis genotypes. Elucidation of life cycle and nonstructural proteins of HCV involved in viral replication are the attractive targets for the development of antiviral drugs.

Methods:
In this work, pharmacoinformatics approaches coupled with docking analyses were applied on HCV nonstructural proteins to identify the novel potential hits and HCV drugs. Molecular docking analyses were carried out on HCV approved drugs followed by the ligand-based pharmacophore generation to screen the antiviral libraries for novel potential hits.

Results:
Virtual screening technique has made known the top-ranked five novel compounds (ZINC00607900, ZINC03635748, ZINC03875543, ZINC04097464, and ZINC12503102) along with the least binding energy (-8.0 kcal/mol, -6.1 kcal/mol, -7.5 kcal/mol, -7.4 kcal/mol, and -7.3 kcal/mol respectively) and stability with non-structural proteins target.

Conclusion:
These promising hits exhibited better absorption and ADMET properties as compared to the selected drug molecules. These potential compounds extracted from in silico approach may be significant in drug design and development against Hepatitis and other liver diseases.
Effect of Sleep and Biobehavioral Patterns on Multidimensional Cognitive Performance: Longitudinal, In-the-Wild Study
Authors: Kalanadhabhatta Manasa , Rahman Tauhidur , Ganesan Deepak 
Published: February 2021

Background
With nearly 20% of the US adult population using fitness trackers, there is an increasing focus on how physiological data from these devices can provide actionable insights about workplace performance. However, in-the-wild studies that understand how these metrics correlate with cognitive performance measures across a diverse population are lacking, and claims made by device manufacturers are vague. While there has been extensive research leading to a variety of theories on how physiological measures affect cognitive performance, virtually all such studies have been conducted in highly controlled settings and their validity in the real world is poorly understood.

Objective
We seek to bridge this gap by evaluating prevailing theories on the effects of a variety of sleep, activity, and heart rate parameters on cognitive performance against data collected in real-world settings.

Methods
We used a Fitbit Charge 3 and a smartphone app to collect different physiological and neurobehavioral task data, respectively, as part of our 6-week-long in-the-wild study. We collected data from 24 participants across multiple population groups (shift workers, regular workers, and graduate students) on different performance measures (vigilant attention and cognitive throughput). Simultaneously, we used a fitness tracker to unobtrusively obtain physiological measures that could influence these performance measures, including over 900 nights of sleep and over 1 million minutes of heart rate and physical activity metrics. We performed a repeated measures correlation (rrm) analysis to investigate which sleep and physiological markers show association with each performance measure. We also report how our findings relate to existing theories and previous observations from controlled studies.

Results
Daytime alertness was found to be significantly correlated with total sleep duration on the previous night (rrm=0.17, P<.001) as well as the duration of rapid eye movement (rrm=0.12, P<.001) and light sleep (rrm=0.15, P<.001). Cognitive throughput, by contrast, was not found to be significantly correlated with sleep duration but with sleep timing—a circadian phase shift toward a later sleep time corresponded with lower cognitive throughput on the following day (rrm=–0.13, P<.001). Both measures show circadian variations, but only alertness showed a decline (rrm=–0.1, P<.001) as a result of homeostatic pressure. Both heart rate and physical activity correlate positively with alertness as well as cognitive throughput.

Conclusions
Our findings reveal that there are significant differences in terms of which sleep-related physiological metrics influence each of the 2 performance measures. This makes the case for more targeted in-the-wild studies investigating how physiological measures from self-tracking data influence, or can be used to predict, specific aspects of cognitive performance.
THEORETICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE MECHANISM PATTERNS OF THE MANMADE BASE “STRUCTURAL GEOTECHNICAL SOLID”
Authors: Travush Vladimir , Fedorov Viktor , Makovetskiy Oleg 
Published: February 2021

When building on weak water-saturated soils, manmade base in the form of a "structural geotechnical solid" are increasingly used. The article provides a theoretical substantiation for the use of a model of a transversally isotropic material with the given deformation characteristics for the design of such structures. The problem of determining the radius of a rigid cylindrical element during its formation in an elastic-plastic porous medium under normal pressure of jet-grouting of soil is considered. A method is proposed for determining the effective modulus of deformation of a "structural geotechnical solid" with the allocation of a representative volume - a periodicity cell, within which the geometric averaging of deformation characteristics is performed depending on the volume contribution of its components. Analysis of the results of modeling the joint operation of the base-building system using the proposed base model showed the effectiveness of its application.
The Importance of Partner Narcissism to Audit Quality: Evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Chou Ting-Kai , Pittman Jeffrey A. , Zhuang Zili 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Relying on the size of partner signatures in audit reports in Taiwan to measure their narcissism, we find that audit quality rises with partner narcissism. Our analysis also implies that changes in audit quality are positively associated with changes in partner narcissism stemming from mandatory partner rotation. We also find that the impact of partner narcissism on audit quality only manifests when auditor independence is more likely to be compromised, although it does not vary with engagement complexity. These results suggest that partner narcissism improves audit quality mainly through increased auditor independence, rather than auditor competence. Additionally, we document that although partner narcissism has no perceptible impact on the incidence of Type I going concern reporting errors, it is negatively associated with the probability of making a Type II error, implying that more narcissistic partners are less likely to succumb to client pressure to issue opportunistic reports.
Data Availability: Data are available from public sources as identified in the text.
JEL Classifications: M40; M42.
Tax Loss Carrybacks as Firm Fiscal Stimulus: A Tale of Two Recessions
Authors: Dobridge Christine L. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper studies effects of the five-year net operating loss carryback enacted near the ends of the 2001 and 2007–2009 U.S. recessions—a policy that gave firms larger U.S. federal tax refunds as a fiscal stimulus measure. Following the end of the 2001 recession, I find that the policy had little effect on firm financial conditions, and I find that firms allocated $0.40 of every refund dollar to investment in that period. In contrast, the policy improved firm financial conditions following the 2007–2009 recession, reducing bankruptcy risk and the probability of future credit-rating downgrades. In this period, I find that firms initially used the refunds to increase cash holdings before paying down debt in the following year. These results highlight the importance of considering macroeconomic conditions when studying firm uses of tax-related cash flow and the related effects on firm financial health.
JEL Classifications: G31; H25; H32.
The Usefulness of Financial Accounting Information: Evidence from the Field
Authors: Cascino Stefano , Clatworthy Mark A. , García Osma Beatriz , Gassen Joachim , Imam Shahed 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
We examine how investment professionals assess the usefulness of financial accounting information depending on their information acquisition objectives and preparers' earnings management incentives. We conduct a survey experiment based on face-to-face interviews with investment professionals and document two main results. First, we find that, compared with investment professionals assigned a firm valuation objective, those assigned a managerial performance evaluation objective assess accounting information as significantly less useful. Second, we find no systematic evidence that preparers' earnings management incentives negatively affect investment professionals' assessments of accounting information usefulness. To elucidate this second finding, we conduct a large-scale follow-up online experiment. Our results continue to offer no support for the effect of earnings management incentives on investment professionals' assessments of accounting information usefulness, irrespective of preparers' corporate governance quality. Instead, we find that poor corporate governance, by itself, reduces the usefulness of accounting information to investment professionals.
JEL Classifications: G15; G18; G38; M41; M48.
Pengaruh Auditor Internal, Auditor Eksternal Dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah Terhadap Good Governance (Survei pada Kabupaten/Kota di Wilayah II Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Authors: Astriani Devi , Lasmini Lilis , Marliani Sari 
Published: February 2021

This study aims to examine: the effect of Internal Auditors, External Auditors and Regional House of Representatives on Good Governance in Regencies / Cities in Region II of West Java Province. Based on its purpose, this research is a verification study, namely research that seeks to test the answer to a temporary problem (hypothesis) based on a particular theory. The research method used was an explanatory survey, namely research using populations to explain the relationship between variables in the population. This study is intended to look for facts and factual information collected from respondents using a questionnaire given to the Inspectorate as an Internal Auditor, the Supreme Audit Board (BPK) as an External Auditor and Members of the Regional People's Representative Council in Regencies / Cities in Region II of Java Province West. Based on the results of the study it was found that the Internal Auditor, External Auditor and Regional House of Representatives had a positive effect on Good governance, simultaneously and partially.
ANALISIS FRAMING PEMBERITAAN GENERASI MILENIAL TERKAIT PROMOSI PARIWISATA SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA MEDIA ONLINE
Authors: Prayoga I Made Surya 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pemberitaan media online mengenai peran generasi milenial terkait promosi pariwisata selama pandemi covid-19. Genarasi milenial merupakan generasi yang sangat potensial karena kemampuanya dalam mengadopsi teknologi yang diharapkan dapat membantu memulihkan kondisi industri pariwisata yang tengah terpuruk akibat wabah covid-19 melalui promosi pariwisata yang berbasis teknologi atau digital marketing. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis framing Robert N. Entman dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Empat tahap Framing Entmant mencakup: define problem, diagnose cause, make moral judgment dan treatment recommendation. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukan beberapa hal penting diantaranya adalah define problem yaitu belum optimalnya peran generasi milenial sebagai ujung tombak dalam promosi pariwisata di Indonesia. Diagnose cause yaitu belum optimalnya peran generasi milenial akan menyebabkan industri pariwisata kian lesu dan tidak dapat bangkit dari keterpurukaan keadaan saat pandemi covid-19. Make moral judgment dimana pihak pemerintah berusaha memberikan pelatihan-pelatihan serta penguatan guna mempertegas peran dan fungsi generasi milenial sebagai ujung tombak di dalam promosi pariwisata di Indonesia. Treatment recommendations yaitu penting bagi semua pihak untuk mendukung penuh generasi milenial dalam mempromosikan pariwisata, kemampuan dari karakteristik generasi milenial yang sangat mudah mengadopsi teknologi baru, diharapakan dapat mempermudah generasi milenial dalam memaksimalkan setiap peluang guna mempromosikan wisata Indonesia ke seluruh pelosok dunia di era new normal. Melalui temuan penelitian ini diharapkan media online mampu membantu pemerintah menyampaikan pesan dan pemberitaan positif sehingga mampu tetap menumbuhkan optimisme di tengah masyarkat.
MEMBANGUN KESADARAN DAN PERILAKU HIDUP SEHAT MAHASISWI GUNA MENCEGAH KANKER PAYUDARA
Authors: Kebayantini Ni Luh Nyoman , Punia I Nengah , Zuryani Nazrina , Nugroho Wahyu Budi , Kamajaya Gede , Mahadewi Ni Made Anggita Sastri 
Published: February 2021

Breast cancer is the second highest prevalence after cervical cancer. In recent years cases of breast tumors that are at risk of becoming cancer are found in women aged 25 years and under. This risk will increase in adolescent girls who have a history of tumors, so there is a 4.37 times more risk of developing breast cancer. Similarly, young women who experience menarche (first menstruation) at the age of <12 years are more likely to develop breast cancer than those who experience menarche aged> 12 years. Busyness undergoing daily routine is also one of the causes of teenagers / young women paying less attention to the health of their breasts. Based on this there have been many campaigns and movements to foster women's awareness of breast cancer such as the BSE movement (Breast Self-Check) and SADANIS (aware of clinical examination). It is unfortunate that this campaign has not been able to touch all circles, especially among students who are very busy with campus life and do not have the awareness to take care of their health. This dedication activity is carried out to increase the awareness of students / young women to maintain breast health.
Keywords: breast cancer, health, increase student awareness.
Start młodzieży na rynku pracy
Authors: Nowak Kazimierz 
Published: February 2021

Poland belongs to the group of the poorest countries in European Union (country’s gross growth per capita according to the purchasing power constitutes about 45% of the union’s average). The development policy of our country should be based on the young and better educated people, on good perspectives for the development of enterprise, on scientific and cultural potential highly valued by the whole world and a continuously developing market. The fields in which the graduates of the universities may find good jobs in the future include: computer science, biotechnology, electrical engineering, English philology. National economic policy, stimulating the investments with good external effects and supporting the expansion of the knowledge based economy, contributes to the reduction of inequalities and the increase of social wealth. The inequalities lead to social losses and lower growth of the country’s profit. A mitigating the inequalities releases social energy used to fight against poverty and make people focus on the productive activities and initiatives. Young people should have better access to the job market. It is possible thanks to the creation a proper financial stimuli and a relevant system of adaptation to the market requirements.
Kształtowanie społeczeństwa informacyjnego przez edukowanie w zakresie przedsiębiorczości
Authors: Sawczuk-Gołaszewska Barbara 
Published: February 2021

In the information society the knowledge becomes a commodity treated as a good – equal ormore valuable than material possessions. Knowledge delivered to society thanks to technologicalprogress – for example the Internet – makes it possible to execute a strategy for developmentservice of storing, transmitting and processing information. In Poland developmentaldisproportions result from the cultural heritage of socialism which directly inﬂuences the rateof economic and social changes. Catch up on developmental backlogs it beneﬁt from buildinginformative society on the basis of others' experience. The development of informative and telecommunications technology accelerates the labor market transformations and creates newform of employment. In Poland labor structure is still behind the modern structures in high-developed countriesthat is why we hope that integration of European Union with Poland forces the necessity ofbuilding new informative systems which aid the development of economy and arrangingefﬁcient administration by using informative technology. As a priority it is decided to createconditions where everyone has access to information, shaping society's consciousness and development of intellectual and economic potential.
Przedsiębiorczość w regionie a środki pomocowe Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Murzyn Dorota 
Published: February 2021

The aim of the article is to answer the following questions:- How the European Union funds help promote entrepreneurship in the region?- What is the role of public administration in fostering entrepreneurship?- Can the region be a subject of entrepreneurship?The article approaches different aspects of entrepreneurship from a regional perspective particularly in the context of European integration and access to EU funds.Supporting the creation and growth of businesses, in particular small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs); attracting investors and enhancing the productive capacity of regions are key ways by which public policy helps boost regional economies. This is also one of the priorities of EU regional policy and European funds. The main beneficiary of those funds in Poland are the local government units, which makes the role of public policies in fostering entrepreneurship even greater. As regions are competing for EU funds, the activity and creativity of local government units and other local actors is increasing, we can recognize a region itself as a subject of entrepreneurship.
Badanie jakości globalizacji 2009 – ekonomiczne i zarządcze problemy a agroturystyka
Authors: Feczko Janusz 
Published: February 2021

Socio­economic managment describes research on quality as its factor and its outcome. The quality of globalization is analyzed as a set of differences between expectations coucerning globalization expressed by needs, attitudes and preferences. This is very important in agritourism farms activity and the development, to come.The research of economic, management aspects of świętokrzyski region is the base for the agritourism growth.
Zarządzanie innowacjami w małych i średnich przedsiębiorstwach w warunkach globalizacji
Authors: Kochmańska Magdalena 
Published: February 2021

The essence of the process of globalization is using the market mechanism to enhance productivity of the global economy and not only of particular countries or regions. Globalization compels companies to develop and increase their potential. In the worldwide global conditions the more innovation the companies have the more valuable they are for their shareholders. The author of the article presents the strategies of introducing such types of innovation.