bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding patterns of food insecurity and family well‐being amid the COVID‐19 pandemic using daily surveys
Authors: Steimle Samantha , Gassman‐Pines Anna , Johnson Anna D. , Hines Caitlin T. , Ryan Rebecca M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates economic and psychological hardship during the COVID‐19 pandemic among a diverse sample (61% Latinx; 16% White; 9% Black; 14% mixed/other race) of socioeconomically disadvantaged parents (90% mothers; mean age = 35 years) and their elementary school‐aged children (ages 4–11; 49% female) in rural Pennsylvania (N = 272). Families participating in a local food assistance program reported on food insecurity (FI) and parent and child mood and behavior daily from January to May 2020. Longitudinal models revealed that FI, negative parent and child mood, and child misbehavior significantly increased when schools closed; only FI and parent depression later decreased. FI decreased most among those who received the local food assistance program; Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program receipt uniquely predicted decreases in child FI.
Short‐ and long‐term effects of body weight loss following calorie restriction and gastric bypass on CYP3A‐activity – a non‐randomized three‐armed controlled trial
Authors: Kvitne Kine Eide , Robertsen Ida , Skovlund Eva , Christensen Hege , Krogstad Veronica , Wegler Christine , Angeles Philip Carlo , Wollmann Birgit Malene , Hole Kristine , Johnson Line Kristin , Sandbu Rune , Artursson Per , Karlsson Cecilia , Andersson Shalini , Andersson Tommy B. , Hjelmesæth Jøran , Jansson‐Löfmark Rasmus , Åsberg Anders 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt remains uncertain whether pharmacokinetic changes following Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) can be attributed to surgery‐induced gastrointestinal alterations per se and/or the subsequent weight loss. The aim was to compare short‐ and long‐term effects of RYGB and calorie restriction on CYP3A‐activity, and cross‐sectionally compare CYP3A‐activity with normal weight to overweight controls using midazolam as probe drug. This three‐armed controlled trial included patients with severe obesity preparing for RYGB (n = 41) or diet‐induced (n = 41) weight‐loss, and controls (n = 18). Both weight‐loss groups underwent a 3‐week low‐energy‐diet (<1200 kcal/day) followed by a 6‐week very‐low‐energy‐diet or RYGB (both <800 kcal/day). Patients were followed for 2 years, with four pharmacokinetic investigations using semisimultaneous oral and intravenous dosing to determine changes in midazolam absolute bioavailability and clearance, within and between groups. The RYGB and diet groups showed similar weight‐loss at week 9 (13 ± 2.4% vs. 11 ± 3.6%), but differed substantially after 2 years (−30 ± 7.0% vs. −3.1 ± 6.3%). At baseline, mean absolute bioavailability and clearance of midazolam were similar in the RYGB and diet groups, but higher compared with controls. On average, absolute bioavailability was unaltered at week 9, but decreased by 40 ± 7.5% in the RYGB group and 32 ± 6.1% in the diet group at year 2 compared with baseline, with no between‐group difference. No difference in clearance was observed over time, nor between groups. In conclusion, neither RYGB per se nor weight loss impacted absolute bioavailability or clearance of midazolam short term. Long term, absolute bioavailability was similarly decreased in both groups despite different weight loss, suggesting that the recovered CYP3A‐activity is not only dependent on weight‐loss through RYGB.
Effect of non‐dipper pattern on echocardiographic myocardial work parameters in normotensive individuals
Authors: Efe Süleyman Cagan , Cicek Mahmut Buğrahan , Karagöz Ali , Doğan Cem , Bayram Zübeyde , Guvendi Busra , Akbal Ozgur Yasar , Tokgoz Hacer Ceren , Uysal Samet , Karabağ Turgut , Kaymaz Cihangir , Ozdemir Nihal 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIt is known that non‐dipper pattern (NDP) is associated with adverse outcomes in hypertensive patients. However, there is insufficient data on the outcome of NDP in normotensive individuals. Using myocardial work (MW) analysis, as a new echocardiographic examination method, this study aimed to determine the early myocardial effects of NDP in normotensive individuals.MethodsThis study included 70 normotensive individuals who were followed by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). The subjects were divided into two groups according to dipper pattern (DP) and NDP. Conventional, strain, and MW findings were compared between the groups by making echocardiographic evaluations.ResultsThe demographic characteristics, laboratory parameters, and measurements of cardiac chambers, and left ventricular (LV) walls were similar between the groups. There was no statistical difference between the groups in terms of LV 3‐2‐4 chambers strains and global longitudinal strain (GLS) values. LVMW parameters, global work index (GWI), and global constrictive work (GCW) were not statistically different between groups (2012 ± 127, 2069 ± 137, p = 0.16; 2327 ± 173, 2418 ± 296, p = 0.18, respectively). However, global waste work (GWW) and global work efficiency (GWE) parameters were different between the groups (144 ± 63.9, 104 ± 24.8, p < 0.001; 93.2 ± 3.17, 95.4 ± 1.28, p < 0.001, respectively). In regression analysis, GWW was independently associated with NDP. GWW model showed better results with higher likelihood chi‐square and R2 values than GLS model in discriminating the predictable capability for NDP status.ConclusionThe results of MW analysis in this study showed that GWW values were higher and the GWE values were lower in normotensive individuals with NDP.
On the use of different diametral compression cracked disc shape specimens for introducing mode III deformation
Authors: Mohammad Aliha Mohammad Reza , Ghesmati Kucheki Hadi , Asadi Mohammad Mahdi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to the difficulties of applying torsional loads to introduce mode III effects, there are few studies for investigating mixed mode I/III fracture in brittle materials. In this paper using three novel single or double edge‐cracked diametral compression disc shape specimens, complete ranges of mixed mode I/III are introduced. Fracture factors of the compressed disc specimens with different pre‐notch shapes are determined numerically for a wide range of notch depth and notch inclination angles. The ability of specimens was studied using mixed mode I/III fracture experiments on gypsum. Different fracture envelopes were obtained for the gypsum demonstrating the influence of disc geometry and notch type on mixed mode I/III behavior. For all samples, mode III fracture toughness (KIIIc) was approximately 1.2 to 1.8 times the corresponding value ofKIc. Depending on the crack front type, ligament shape and mode mixity, different fracture surfaces were observed. While the mode I fracture surface was smooth and flat in all samples, for mixed mode I/III and mode III, rotation and partially segmentation saw tooth shape wrinkles were observed.
Evaluating steam oxidation kinetics of environmental barrier coatings
Authors: Kane Kenneth , Garcia Eugenio , Stack Pádraigín , Lance Michael , Parker Cory , Sampath Sanjay , Pint Bruce A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnvironmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are a commercially proven means of protecting SiC‐based materials in gas turbine environments. However, there are little specific data in the literature on the impact of coatings like Yb2Si2O7 on preventing accelerated SiO2 growth in the presence of H2O. Quantification of reduced rates are necessary for evaluating and comparing EBC effectiveness and incorporation of silica growth rates into future EBC lifetime models. In this study, baseline kinetics of silica formation on bare Si and chemically vapor deposited (CVD) SiC in the 1250–1425℃ range were obtained via 100 h isothermal exposures in dry air and steam environments utilizing a SiC reaction tube to mitigate specimen volatility. An Arrhenius plot of the resulting rates was constructed, representing baseline minimum and maximum rates for Si and SiC oxidation at ambient pressure. Various EBC systems on CVD SiC substrates including air plasma sprayed (APS) EBCs with and without a Si bond coating and with surface roughening to enhance Yb2Si2O7 adhesion were subjected to 1‐h furnace cycle testing in air with 90vol%H2O at 1250–1350℃ for up to 500 cycles. After exposure, silica formation rates were measured and compared to the baseline rates to assess EBC effectiveness, where EBC effectiveness is gauged as the propensity to reduce underlying rates of silica formation. With a Si bond coating, a ~180 µm Yb2Si2O7 (YbDS) top coating reduced rates over the entire 1250°‐1350℃ range. Without a Si bond coating, ~60 µm (YbDS) coatings deposited directly onto CVD SiC exhibited poor adhesion, and had to be deposited onto substrates with enhanced roughness at 1350℃. While exhibiting good adhesion at 1350℃, overall the single layer YbDS coating exhibited a decreasing effectiveness from 1250° to 1350℃.
Advertising in an oligopoly with differentiated goods under general demand and cost functions: A differential game approach
Authors: Hattori Masahiko , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present an analysis of advertising activities in a dynamic oligopoly with differentiated goods using a differential game approach under general demand and cost functions. The main conclusion is that the memoryless closed‐loop solution and the feedback solution are equivalent when there is no spillover effect of advertising activities. We also show that the comparison of the open‐loop solution and the memoryless closed‐loop solution depends on whether the firms’ outputs are strategic substitutes or strategic complements.
Geographical parthenogenesis in the brown alga Scytosiphon lomentaria (Scytosiphonaceae): Sexuals in warm waters and parthenogens in cold waters
Authors: Hoshino Masakazu , Hiruta Shimpei F. , Croce Maria Emilia , Kamiya Mitsunobu , Jomori Takahiro , Wakimoto Toshiyuki , Kogame Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGeographical parthenogenesis, a phenomenon where parthenogens and their close sexual relatives inhabit distinct geographical areas, has been considered an interesting topic in evolutionary biology. Reports of geographical parthenogenesis from land and freshwater are numerous, but this occurrence has been rarely reported from the sea. Brown algae are mostly marine and are thought to include numerous obligate parthenogens; still, little is known about the distribution, origin and evolution of parthenogens in this group. Here we report a novel pattern of geographical parthenogenesis in the isogamous brown alga Scytosiphon lomentaria. Sex ratio investigation demonstrated that, in Japan, sexual populations grew in the coast along warm ocean currents, whereas female‐dominant parthenogenetic populations grew mainly in the coast along a cold ocean current. In the two localities where sexual and parthenogenetic populations were parapatric, parthenogens grew in more wave‐exposed areas than sexuals. Population genetic and phylogenetic analyses, including those based on genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism data, indicated that parthenogens have initially evolved at least twice and subsequent hybridizations between the parthenogens and sexuals have generated multiple new parthenogenetic lineages. The origin of the initial parthenogens is not clear, except that it would not be interspecies hybridization. Interestingly, we found that the production of sex pheromones, which attract male gametes, has been independently lost in the initial two parthenogenetic lineages. This parallel loss of the sexual trait may represent the direct origin of parthenogens, or the regressive evolution of a useless trait under asexuality.
Elucidation of factors contributing to onset of Cercospora leaf blight during later reproductive development of soybean
Authors: Zivanovic Marija , Ward Brian , Price Paul P. , Chen Zhi‐Yuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn Louisiana, Cercospora leaf blight (CLB) of soybean is primarily caused by Cercospora cf. flagellaris, which can be detected in asymptomatic leaves as early as V3 (third trifoliate) growth stage, while symptoms appear around R5 (beginning seed). The fungus produces cercosporin, an important virulence factor, the in vitro production of which is significantly reduced in the absence of simple sugars. Our objective was to investigate the role of foliar simple sugars and endophytic bacteria in CLB symptom onset. C. cf. flagellaris was cultured in filter‐sterilized, untreated extracts made from asymptomatic R2 and R5 leaves; in extracts treated with chloroform to isolate hydrophilic molecules, including simple sugars; or with antibiotics to assess the role of endophytic bacteria. Endophytic bacteria were also isolated from leaves and leaf extracts and their interaction with C. cf. flagellaris was investigated. The fungus produced more cercosporin in total R5 and simple sugar‐amended R2 leaf extracts, than in R2 leaf extracts. Furthermore, it produced more cercosporin in chloroform‐treated R5 leaf extracts, which contained significantly higher levels of simple sugars, especially fructose, than the R2. To our knowledge, this is the first reported connection between foliar sugar content and cercosporin production. Additionally, morphologically diverse bacteria were isolated from different stages of soybean development. Also, bacterial endophytes in R5 leaf extracts and Paenibacillus polymyxa, isolated from R2 leaves, significantly reduced the growth of C. cf. flagellaris. These findings implicated soybean leaf fructose in CLB development and highlighted the potential of using foliar bacterial endophytes for CLB management.
Stripping and VP Ellipsis in Reduced Temporal Adverbs
Authors: Overfelt Jason 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe first goal of this article is to argue that phrasal temporal adverbial constructions likeAl left before Patare derived via ellipsis from an underlying clausal source. The second goal is to demonstrate and account for the restricted distribution and interpretation of these reduced phrasal temporal adverbial constructions relative to their clausal counterparts and to temporal adverbial constructions targeted by VP ellipsis. The proposed analysis provides evidence for an operator–variable parallelism condition on ellipsis and supports models for an identity condition on ellipsis that allow the identification of an antecedent within the phrase‐structure representation of the utterance.
Methodological considerations for linking household and healthcare provider data for estimating effective coverage: a systematic review
Authors: Carter Emily D , Leslie Hannah H , Marchant Tanya , Amouzou Agbessi , Munos Melinda K 
Published: August 2021

ObjectiveTo assess existing knowledge related to methodological considerations for linking population-based surveys and health facility data to generate effective coverage estimates. Effective coverage estimates the proportion of individuals in need of an intervention who receive it with sufficient quality to achieve health benefit.DesignSystematic review of available literature.Data sourcesMedline, Carolina Population Health Center and Demographic and Health Survey publications and handsearch of related or referenced works of all articles included in full text review. The search included publications from 1 January 2000 to 29 March 2021.Eligibility criteriaPublications explicitly evaluating (1) the suitability of data, (2) the implications of the design of existing data sources and (3) the impact of choice of method for combining datasets to obtain linked coverage estimates.ResultsOf 3805 papers reviewed, 70 publications addressed relevant issues. Limited data suggest household surveys can be used to identify sources of care, but their validity in estimating intervention need was variable. Methods for collecting provider data and constructing quality indices were diverse and presented limitations. There was little empirical data supporting an association between structural, process and outcome quality. Few studies addressed the influence of the design of common data sources on linking analyses, including imprecise household geographical information system data, provider sampling design and estimate stability. The most consistent evidence suggested under certain conditions, combining data based on geographical proximity or administrative catchment (ecological linking) produced similar estimates to linking based on the specific provider utilised (exact match linking).ConclusionsLinking household and healthcare provider data can leverage existing data sources to generate more informative estimates of intervention coverage and care. However, existing evidence on methods for linking data for effective coverage estimation are variable and numerous methodological questions remain. There is need for additional research to develop evidence-based, standardised best practices for these analyses.
Novel 3D printable powered air purifying respirator for emergency use during PPE shortage of the COVID-19 pandemic: a study protocol and device safety analysis
Authors: Nagel Jorge , Gilbert Catherine , Duchesne Juan 
Published: August 2021

ObjectivesTo design a low-cost 3D printable powered air-purifying respirator (PAPR) that meets National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) standard for flow rate and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard for particle filtration for loose-fitting PAPRs and that can be made with a 3D printer and widely available materials.DesignDetailed description of components, assembly instructions and testing of a novel PAPR design in an academic laboratory following respective protocols. The assembled PAPR must meet NIOSH standards of flow rate, 170 L/min; OSHA fit factor for particle filtration, ≥250 and maintain positive pressure during regular and deep breathing.Main outcome measuresThe PAPR design was run through a series of tests: air flow (L/min), particle filtration (quantitative and qualitative) and positive pressure measured inside the helmet (mm Hg).ResultsFlow rate was 443.32 L/min (NIOSH standard: minimum 170 L/min) and overall fit factor for particle filtration was 1362 (OSHA pass level: ≥500), n=1. The device passed qualitative particle filtration, n=2, and measured peak pressure of 6mm Hg (>0 mm Hg indicates positive pressure) in the helmet, n=1.ConclusionsThe Hygieia PAPR is a low-cost, easily accessible, just-in-time 3D printable PAPR design that meets minimum NIOSH and OSHA standards for flow-rate and particle filtration for loose-fitting PAPR devices to be made and used when industry-made designs are unavailable.
Simultaneous measurement of centre of pressure and centre of mass in assessing postural sway in healthcare workers with non-specific back pain: protocol for a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zemková Erika , Ďurinová Eva , Džubera Andrej , Chochol Juraj , Koišová Jana , Šimonová Michaela , Zapletalová Ludmila 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionLow back pain (LBP) is widely prevalent in healthcare workers. It is associated with impaired postural and core stability. So far, centre of pressure (CoP) measures have been commonly recorded through the use of a force plate in order to assess postural stability. However, this approach provides limited information about the centre of mass (CoM) movement in the lumbar region in individuals with LBP. Recent developments in sensor technology enable measurement of the trunk motion which could provide additional information on postural sway. However, the question remains as to whether CoM measures would be more sensitive in discriminating individuals with mild and moderate back pain than traditional CoP analyses. This study aims to investigate the sensitivity of CoP and CoM measures under varied stable, metastable and unstable testing conditions in healthcare workers, and their relationship with the level of subjective reported back pain.Methods and analysisThis is a cross-sectional controlled laboratory study. A group of 90 healthcare professionals will be recruited from rehabilitation centres within local areas. Participants will complete the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. The primary outcome will be the rate of their back pain on the 0–10 Low Back Pain Scale (1–3 mild pain and 4–6 moderate pain). Secondary outcomes will include variables of postural and core stability testing during bipedal and one-legged stance on a force plate, a foam mat placed on the force plate, and a spring-supported platform with either eyes open or eyes closed. Both CoP using the posturography system based on a force plate and CoM using the inertial sensor system placed on the trunk will be simultaneously measured.Ethics and disseminationProjects were approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava (Nos. 4/2017, 1/2020). Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.
Multiyear prospective cohort study to evaluate the risk potential of MERS-CoV infection among Malaysian Hajj pilgrims (MERCURIAL): a study protocol
Authors: Johari Jefree , Hontz Robert D , Pike Brian L , Husain Tupur , Chong Chee-Kheong , Rusli Norhayati , Sulaiman Lokman-Hakim , Verasahib Khebir , Mohd Zain Rozainanee , Azman Adzzie-Shazleen , Khor Chee Sieng , Nor"e Siti-Sarah , Tiong Vunjia , Lee Hai Yen , Teoh Boon-Teong , Sam Sing Sin , Khoo Jing-Jing , Abd Jamil Juraina , Loong Shih-Keng , Yaacob Che Norainon , Mahfodz Nur-Hidayana , Azizan Noor Syahida , Che Mat Seri Nurul Asma Anati , Mohd-Rahim Nurul-Farhana , Hassan Habibi , Yahaya Hasmawati , Garcia-Rivera Jose A , AbuBakar Sazaly 
Published: August 2021

IntroductionMiddle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory infection caused by the MERS-CoV. MERS was first reported in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 2012. Every year, the Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca attracts more than two million pilgrims from 184 countries, making it one of the largest annual religious mass gatherings (MGs) worldwide. MGs in confined areas with a high number of pilgrims’ movements worldwide continues to elicit significant global public health concerns. MERCURIAL was designed by adopting a seroconversion surveillance approach to provide multiyear evidence of MG-associated MERS-CoV seroconversion among the Malaysian Hajj pilgrims.Methods and analysisMERCURIAL is an ongoing multiyear prospective cohort study. Every year, for the next 5 years, a cohort of 1000 Hajj pilgrims was enrolled beginning in the 2016 Hajj pilgrimage season. Pre-Hajj and post-Hajj serum samples were obtained and serologically analysed for evidence of MERS-CoV seroconversion. Sociodemographic data, underlying medical conditions, symptoms experienced during Hajj pilgrimage, and exposure to camel and untreated camel products were recorded using structured pre-Hajj and post-Hajj questionnaires. The possible risk factors associated with the seroconversion data were analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The primary outcome of this study is to better enhance our understanding of the potential threat of MERS-CoV spreading through MG beyond the Middle East.Ethics and disseminationThis study has obtained ethical approval from the Medical Research and Ethics Committee (MREC), Ministry of Health Malaysia. Results from the study will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals and presented in conferences and scientific meetings.Trial registration numberNMRR-15-1640-25391.