bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of acquired ventricular septal defect after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: A large single center experience
Authors: Nona Paul , Mahmood Shazil , Lemor Alejandro , Qintar Mohammed , O'Neill Brian , Lee James , Frisoli Tiberio , Wang Dee Dee , Eng Marvin , O'Neill William W. , Villablanca Pedro A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the rate and clinical outcomes of post‐TAVR VSD.BackgroundTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a safe and established procedure for patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is a rare complication of TAVR. The rate of post‐TAVR VSD and patient outcomes are not well known.MethodsA retrospective record review of VSD cases occurring after all TAVRs performed between January 2012 and September 2020 at one urban US tertiary hospital. VSD rate and early‐ and long‐term outcomes were analyzed. Computed tomography images taken before TAVR and transthoracic echocardiograms done before and after each procedure were analyzed.ResultsOf the 1908 patients who underwent TAVR in the study period, 7 patients (0.37%) had post‐procedure VSD. The average patient age was 77 ± 11 years with average society of thoracic surgeons short‐term risk score of 6%. All 7 implanted valves were balloon‐expandable. Of the 7 TAVR procedures, 5 were performed on a native tricuspid valve, 1 was performed on a native bicuspid valve, and 1 was done as a “valve‐in‐valve” procedure on a prior surgical bioprosthetic valve. All VSDs were small and restrictive in nature. Right heart failure in a patient with preexisting right ventricular dysfunction occurred in 1 (13%) patient who died. The remaining 6 patients (86%) were discharged. All 6 patients (86%) were alive and stable at 1 year follow‐up, reporting improvement in symptoms (NYHA class I‐II), with no evidence of right ventricular dysfunction.ConclusionVSD is a rare complication of TAVR. Hemodynamic and clinical sequelae in majority of the patients in this study did not result in mortality. Proper imaging techniques and appropriate pre‐procedure planning are needed to decrease the incidence of VSD formation post‐TAVR.
Catalytic Formation of Cyclic Carbonates using Gallium Aminotrisphenolate Compounds and Comparison to their Aluminium Congeners: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study
Authors: Álvarez‐Miguel Lucía , Burgoa Jesús Damián , Mosquera Marta E. G. , Hamilton Alex , Whiteoak Christopher J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis work reports on the use of gallium aminotrisphenolate compounds as catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2. The results show that they are highly active, and more so than the corresponding aluminium congeners. The catalyst system is applicable at low and elevated temperatures across a wide substrate scope including terminal, internal, multiple and fully deuterated epoxides. Applying low catalyst loadings has allowed for a TON of 344,000 to be obtained, highlighting their stability. A DFT investigation has confirmed that the gallium catalysts have lower energetic profiles compared to the aluminium congeners. Measurement of the Lewis acidity of both the gallium and aluminium aminotrisphenolate compounds using the Gutmann‐Beckett method provides the experimental proof that the gallium compounds are more Lewis acidic than their aluminium congeners. Finally, Ab‐Initio Molecular Dynamic (AIMD) simulations have investigated and quantified the dynamic behaviour of the catalytic systems, highlighting an important increase in fluxionality in some cases which helps to explain the increase in catalytic activity.
Mechanisms of Si Nanoparticle Formation by Molten Salt Magnesiothermic Reduction of Silica for Lithium‐ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Ansari Hamedani Ali , Ow‐Yang Cleva W. , Hayat Soytas Serap 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMolten salt methods enable the synthesis of Si nanostructures by moderating the thermal energy evolved in highly exothermic magnesiothermic reduction reactions (MRR) of silica. Due to their cost‐effectiveness and scalability, these techniques are well suited for producing nanoscale Si for a number of applications, including energy storage. To control the microstructure morphology and particle size, it is necessary to understand the formation mechanism of the Si produced. By evaluating the time‐resolved phase evolution, when NaCl moderates the thermal energy generated by MRR of SiO2, we elucidate 3 parallel interfacial reaction mechanisms yielding Si nanoparticles – via Mg vapor, Mg‐rich eutectic liquid, and Mg ions dissolved in molten NaCl. These individual Si nanoparticles offer a striking contrast to the typical by‐product of MRR of SiO2 with and without NaCl, which yields a 3‐dimensional (3‐D) porous network of sintered Si nanoparticles. Lithium‐ion battery half‐cells with electrodes composed of individual Si nanoparticles showed a greater first‐cycle irreversible discharge capacity and faster capacity loss over the first 5 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g−1 compared to half‐cells with electrodes of a porous 3‐D Si network–indicative due to thicker solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation on individual particles. At a higher current rate of 400 mA g−1, once SEI formation and activation of Si are established, both cells exhibit a similar capacity retention rate over 100 cycles.
Illuminating Protein Phase Separation: Reviewing Aggregation‐Induced Emission, Fluorescent Molecular Rotor and Solvatochromic Fluorophore Based Probes
Authors: Bai Yulong , Liu Yu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProtein phase separation process involving protein unfolding, misfolding, condensation and aggregation etc. has been associated with numerous human degenerative diseases. The complexity in protein conformational transitions results in multi‐step and multi‐species biochemical pathways upon protein phase separation. Recent progresses in designing novel fluorescent probes have unraveled the enriched details of phase separated proteins and provided mechanistic insights towards disease pathology. In this review, we summarized the design and characterizations of fluorescent probes that selectively illuminated proteins at different phase separated states with a focus on aggregation‐induced emission probes, fluorescent molecular rotors, and solvatochromic fluorophores. Inspired by these pioneering works, a design blueprint was proposed to further develop fluorescent probes that can potentially shed light on the unresolved protein phase separated states in the future.
Cu Decorated Rh/TiO2 Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of Phenylacetylene to Styrene
Authors: Liu Yang , Zhao Yong , Zhao Yulong , Jiang Peng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPhenylacetylene as an impurity in styrene is poisonous to catalysts for styrene polymerization in the production of polystyrene plastics. The selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene to styrene is an industrially promising route to overcome this challenge yet lacks cost‐effective catalysts to prevent the overhydrogenation of styrene to ethylbenzene. In this work, we report an efficient and robust copper‐decorated Rh/TiO2 catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene to styrene. By optimizing the copper coverage on TiO2 supported Rh nanoparticles, we achieved a selectivity of 83% towards styrene formation at a phenylacetylene conversion of 93%. The appropriate Cu coverage is found to modulate the electronic states of surface Rh atoms and changes the Rh exposed active sites, weakening the binding strength of alkene and hydrogen intermediates on Rh and thus mitigating the overhydrogenation and enhancing the selectivity for styrene generation. This work offers insights on the rational design of efficient Rh‐based bimetallic catalysts for selective hydrogenation of phenylacetylene to styrene.
Vacancy Engineering in Transition Metal Sulfide and Oxide Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin‐Derived Oxygenates
Authors: Jiang Sinan , Ji Na , Diao Xinyong , Li Hanyang , Rong Yue , Lei Yaxuan , Yu Zhihao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin has long been a hot research topic and vacancy engineering is a new means to develop more efficient catalysts for this process. Oxygen vacancies and sulfur vacancies are both widely used in HDO. Based on the current research status of vacancies in the field of lignin‐derived oxygenates, this Minireview discusses in detail design methods for vacancy engineering, including surface activation, synergistic modification, and morphology control. Moreover, it is clarified that in the HDO reaction, vacancies can act as acidic sites, promote substrate adsorption, and regulate product distribution, whereas for the catalysts, vacancies can enhance stability and reducibility, improve metal dispersion, and improve redox capacity. Finally, the characterization of vacancies is summarized and strategies are proposed to address the current deficiencies in this field.
Pyroptosis, metabolism, and tumor immune microenvironment
Authors: Du Tiantian , Gao Jie , Li Peilong , Wang Yunshan , Qi Qiuchen , Liu Xiaoyan , Li Juan , Wang Chuanxin , Du Lutao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn response to a wide range of stimulations, host cells activate pyroptosis, a kind of inflammatory cell death which is provoked by the cytosolic sensing of danger signals and pathogen infection. In manipulating the cleavage of gasdermins (GSDMs), researchers have found that GSDM proteins serve as the real executors and the deterministic players in fate decisions of pyroptotic cells. Whether inflammatory characteristics induced by pyroptosis could cause damage the host or improve immune activity is largely dependent on the context, timing, and response degree. Here, we systematically review current points involved in regulatory mechanisms and the multidimensional roles of pyroptosis in several metabolic diseases and the tumor microenvironment. Targeting pyroptosis may reveal potential therapeutic avenues.
Multiplexed detection of agents affecting erythropoiesis (AAEs) and overall strategy for optimizing initial testing procedure
Authors: Martin Laurent , Ericsson Magnus , Marchand Alexandre 
Published: August 2021

AbstractErythropoietin receptor agonists (ERAs) are drugs acting on the early erythropoietic stages developed to treat anemia and other erythropoiesis disease and are prohibited by the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). As an alternative to ERAs, a new drug, belonging to the transforming growth factor‐b inhibitors family, was recently developed to treat diseases linked to ineffective erythropoiesis. This drug, named as Luspatercept (Reblozyl®), is acting on the later stages of erythropoiesis to promote erythrocytes. This drug might be used by cheating athletes either independently or in combination with ERAs. Indeed, it was shown that Luspatercept and recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) can act synergistically to increase red blood cells production, potentially allowing the use of lower doses for an efficient effect. Our aim was to find a way to combine the detection of ERAs and Luspatercept without impacting the sensitivity and specificity of ERAs detection from the current techniques implemented in antidoping laboratories and to reduce the time of analysis and total sample volume needed. Magnetic beads coated with antibodies were preferred for IP of samples for its potential multiplexing. Then, the following steps of the method were selected considering that SAR/SDS‐PAGE are the electrophoretic methods authorized for initial testing procedure by WADA and that biotinylated primary antibodies used for the immunodetection results in the best sensitivity and specificity and is time saving. The method developed in this work for the combined detection of agents affecting erythropoiesis (AAEs) showed specificity, sensitivity, and robustness and is easily and quickly implementable to all antidoping laboratories.
Optimizing the discovery and assessment of therapeutic targets in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Fusco‐Allison Gabrielle , Li Desmond K. , Hunter Benjamin , Jackson Dan , Bannon Paul G. , Lal Sean , O'Sullivan John F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is an urgent need for models that faithfully replicate heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), now recognized as the most common form of heart failure in the world. In vitro approaches have several shortcomings, most notably the immature nature of stem cell‐derived human cardiomyocytes [induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC)] and the relatively short lifespan of primary cardiomyocytes. Three‐dimensional ‘organoids’ incorporating mature iPSCs with other cell types such as endothelial cells and fibroblasts are a significant advance, but lack the complexity of true myocardium. Animal models can replicate many features of human HFpEF, and rodent models are the most common, and recent attempts to incorporate haemodynamic, metabolic, and ageing contributions are encouraging. Differences relating to species, physiology, heart rate, and heart size are major limitations for rodent models. Porcine models mitigate many of these shortcomings and approximate human physiology more closely, but cost and time considerations limit their potential for widespread use. Ex vivo analysis of failing hearts from animal models offer intriguing possibilities regarding cardiac substrate utilisation, but are ultimately subject to the same constrains as the animal models from which the hearts are obtained. Ex vivo approaches using human myocardial biopsies can uncover new insights into pathobiology leveraging myocardial energetics, substrate turnover, molecular changes, and systolic/diastolic function. In collaboration with a skilled cardiothoracic surgeon, left ventricular endomyocardial biopsies can be obtained at the time of valvular surgery in HFpEF patients. Critically, these tissues maintain their disease phenotype, preserving inter‐relationship of myocardial cells and extracellular matrix. This review highlights a novel approach, where ultra‐thin myocardial tissue slices from human HFpEF hearts can be used to assess changes in myocardial structure and function. We discuss current approaches to modelling HFpEF, describe in detail the novel tissue slice model, expand on exciting opportunities this model provides, and outline ways to improve this model further.
Enhanced Performance of All‐Solution Processed Multilayer OLEDs by Photoluminescence Lifetime Reduction of Cu(I) Complex Emitters Containing Chalcogenolate‐Diimine Ligands
Authors: Salla Cristian A. M. , Farias Giliandro , Pereira Alessandra , Cremona Marco , Quirino Welber G. , Legnani Cristiano , de Souza Bernardo , Bechtold Ivan H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLuminescent and solution‐processable copper(I) complexes offer the perspective of obtaining devices that combine efficiency and stability at low production costs. Here, we investigate Cu(I) complexes with phosphine and 1,10‐phenanthroline‐derived ligands, which show thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and phosphorescence applied to all‐solution processed multilayer OLEDs. Unsubstituted, thiadiazole‐substituted and selenodiazole‐substituted phenanthroline ligands were compared to evaluate the potential of the incorporation of sulfur and selenium atoms to enhance the device performance. A shortening of the photoluminescence lifetime of the selenium‐containing emitter was found to compensate this emitter's lower emission yield, leading to devices of comparable performance to devices based on the more efficiently emitting unsubstituted phenanthroline complex. The results indicate that the emission lifetime reduction is a promising approach to improve OLEDs based on solution‐processable Cu(I) complexes.
Toxicity Identification Evaluation of Sediments from the Xihe River
Authors: Ke Xin , Feng Shuna , Luan Jingde , Zhang Feijie , Zhou Yan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the present study, chinonomus riparius larvae were selected as a model organism, and 11 sediment samples from the Xihe River in Shenyang underwent toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) to identify sediment toxic pollutants. Heavy metals and organic pollutants were the main toxic pollutants through toxicity screening and characterization. The results of toxicity identification showed that the pollution level from Cd was most serious and that phenol and P-methyl phenol were the major organic pollutants. Moreover, a spiking test of Cd was conducted, which indicated that Cd was the main toxic pollutant of sediments at sites 4, 6, 7, 8, and 10. We confirm that TIE is the most effective method to determine the relationship between toxic effects and toxic pollutants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:3103–3110. © 2021 SETAC
Evaluation of a personalized functional nearinfra‐redoptical tomography workflow using maximum entropy on the mean
Authors: Cai Zhengchen , Uji Makoto , Aydin Ümit , Pellegrino Giovanni , Spilkin Amanda , Delaire Édouard , Abdallah Chifaou , Lina Jean‐Marc , Grova Christophe 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the present study, we proposed and evaluated a workflow of personalized near infra‐red optical tomography (NIROT) using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for spatiotemporal imaging of cortical hemodynamic fluctuations. The proposed workflow from fNIRS data acquisition to local 3D reconstruction consists of: (a) the personalized optimal montage maximizing fNIRS channel sensitivity to a predefined targeted brain region; (b) the optimized fNIRS data acquisition involving installation of optodes and digitalization of their positions using a neuronavigation system; and (c) the 3D local reconstruction using maximum entropy on the mean (MEM) to accurately estimate the location and spatial extent of fNIRS hemodynamic fluctuations along the cortical surface. The workflow was evaluated on finger‐tapping fNIRS data acquired from 10 healthy subjects for whom we estimated the reconstructed NIROT spatiotemporal images and compared with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) results from the same individuals. Using the fMRI activation maps as our reference, we quantitatively compared the performance of two NIROT approaches, the MEM framework and the conventional minimum norm estimation (MNE) method. Quantitative comparisons were performed at both single subject and group‐level. Overall, our results suggested that MEM provided better spatial accuracy than MNE, while both methods offered similar temporal accuracy when reconstructing oxygenated (HbO) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) concentration changes evoked by finger‐tapping. Our proposed complete workflow was made available in the brainstorm fNIRS processing plugin—NIRSTORM, thus providing the opportunity for other researchers to further apply it to other tasks and on larger populations.
Outcome of treatment with carfilzomib before and after treatment with daratumumab in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Højholt Karen Louise , Gregersen Henrik , Szabo Agoston Gyula , Klausen Tobias Wirenfeldt , Levring Mette Bøegh , Preiss Birgitte , Helleberg Carsten , Breinholt Marie Fredslund , Hermansen Emil , Rahbek Gjerdrum Lise Mette , Bønløkke Søren Thorgaard , Nielsen Katrine , Kjeldsen Eigil , Iversen Katrine Fladeland , Teodorescu Elena Manuela , Kurt Eva , Strandholdt Casper , Andersen Mette Klarskov , Vangsted Annette Juul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReal world evidence is important since most patients cannot be included in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). In a nationwide, cohort of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients treated with daratumumab (N = 635), we retrospective studied patients treated with carfilzomib (N = 251). Data were collected by audit of medical records. We compared characteristics of patients treated with carfilzomib before daratumumab (Car‐Da; N = 150) and after daratumumab (Da‐Car; N = 101) with those not treated with carfilzomib (N = 384). Furthermore, we examined effectiveness and safety of carfilzomib. The group of patients treated with carfilzomib differed from patients not treated with carfilzomib in the following parameters: They were younger, more were treated up‐front with high dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation (HDM‐ASCT)and had relapse within 18 months thereafter, and more had high‐risk cytogenetic abnormalities (CA) and amplification 1q (amp1q). In patients treated with Car‐Da, 30.3% had high‐risk CA and 30.1% had amp1q and in Da‐Car it was 43.3% and 41%, respectively. In the Car‐Da cohort, 34.4% experienced early relapse after HDM‐ASCT versus 47.4% in the Da‐Car cohort. The percentage of patients with very good partial remission was higher in patients treated with Car‐Da compared to Da‐Car (31.7% vs. 17.4%). The median duration of treatment and time to next treatment (TNT) of Car‐Da/Da‐Car were 4.6/4.3 months and 7.1/4.3 months and only a trend toward superior TNT for Car‐Da was found (p = 0.06). Toxicity of carfilzomib was the same as reported in RCT. A similar poor TNT of daratumumab was found when used before (5.6 months) or after carfilzomib (4.9 months). In this cohort of patients with sequential treatment with carfilzomib and daratumumab or vice versa, a high percentage of patients were high‐risk by CA, amp1q, and early relapse after HDM‐ASCT. Outcome of Car‐DA and outcome of Da‐Car were equally poor. These patients should be considered for new promising treatment strategies.
Energy transference in time‐dependent Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion of second‐grade fluid with variable thermal conductivity
Authors: Haider Ali , Ayub Assad , Madassar Naeem , Ali Rao K. , Sabir Zulqurnain , Shah Syed Z. H. , Kazmi Syed H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe current investigation communicates the characteristics of upper‐convected second grade nanofluid thin film flow over a time‐dependent stretching sheet with variable thermal conductivity and Cattaneo–Christov double diffusion theory. The mathematical model generates a system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) for heat, momentum, and mass transfer phenomena. Similarity variables converted the PDEs into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Furthermore, received ODEs are numerically rescued with the built‐in program Bvp4c in MATLAB. The impact of physical parameters like second‐grade fluid , unsteadiness parameter , Prandtl number , Schmidt number , variable thermal conductivity , variable diffusivity , the square of dimensionless film thickness , relaxation time , and retardation time are scrutinized. Tables revealed numerical exposure and graphs depict the geometrical aspect of the current study. The velocity field is improved by heightening the λ, magnification in temperature is found for greater conductivity parameter Greater in the temperature profile goes smaller. The rate of mass transfer diminishes by uplifting the estimations in relaxation time parameter