bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daily Terra–Aqua MODIS cloud-free snow and Randolph Glacier Inventory 6.0 combined product (M*D10A1GL06) for high-mountain Asia between 2002 and 2019
Authors: Muhammad Sher , Thapa Amrit 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Snow is a dominant water resource in high-mountain Asia (HMA) and
crucial for mountain communities and downstream populations. Snow cover
monitoring is significant to understand regional climate change, managing
meltwater, and associated hazards/disasters. The uncertainties in passive
optical remote-sensing snow products, mainly underestimation caused by
cloud cover and overestimation associated with sensors' limitations, hamper the understanding of snow dynamics. We reduced the biases in Moderate Resolution
Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra and Aqua daily snow data and
generated a combined daily snow product for high-mountain Asia between 2002
and 2019. An improved MODIS 8 d composite MOYDGL06* product was used as a
training data for reducing the underestimation and overestimation of snow in
daily products. The daily MODIS Terra and Aqua images were improved by
implementing cloud removal algorithms followed by gap filling and reduction
in overestimated snow beyond the respective 8 d composite snow extent of
the MOYDGL06* product. The daily Terra and Aqua snow products were combined and
merged with the Randolph Glacier Inventory version 6.0 (RGI 6.0) described as
M*D10A1GL06 to make a more complete cryosphere product with 500 m spatial
resolution. The pixel values in the daily combined product are preserved and
reversible to the individual Terra and Aqua improved products. We suggest a
weight of 0.5 and 1 to snow pixels in either or both Terra and Aqua
products, respectively, for deriving snow cover statistics from our final
snow product. The values 200, 242, and 252 indicate snow pixels in both
Terra and Aqua and have a weight of 1, whereas pixels with snow in one of the
Terra or Aqua products have a weight of 0.5. On average, the M*D10A1GL06
product reduces 39.1 % of uncertainty compared to the MOYDGL06* product. The
uncertainties due to cloud cover (underestimation) and sensor limitations,
mainly larger solar zenith angle (SZA) (overestimation) reduced in this
product, are approximately 32.9 % and 6.2 %, respectively. The data in
this paper are mainly useful for observation and simulation of climate,
hydro-glaciological forcings, calibration, validation, and other
water-related studies. The data are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918198 (Muhammad, 2020) and the algorithm
source code at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3862058 (Thapa,
2020).
E quando as bichas, sapatão, travas e trans caminham pelas ruas? Os emblemas sociais da caminhabilidade no Brasil
Authors: Gomes Filho Antoniel Dos Santos , Lima Antônio Ailton de Sousa , Da Silva Antônio Micael Pontes da Silva Micael Pontes , Nunes Larissa Ferreira , De Lavor Filho Tadeu Lucas 
Published: March 2021

As práticas de violência contra as populações dissidentes de gênero e sexualidade são uma realidade cotidiana em todo o território brasileiro, marcada pela apreensão, sofrimento, insegurança e medo. Tal realidade social se expressa por estatísticas através dos relatórios que dizem respeito a práticas de violência voltadas ao público LGBTs. A questão da violência suscita uma interlocução com outros temas, tais como da mobilidade urbana que envolve o caminhar, explorando territórios, experiências e vivências. Nesse percurso, o estudo objetiva realizar uma reflexão sobre a caminhabilidade de pessoas dissidentes de gênero e sexualidade, com foco no público LGBTs, em seu entrelaçamento com a violência. Metodologicamente busca-se uma ampliação e maiores discussões a partir do campo socioantropológico da Teoria da Caminhabilidade, e assim, caracteriza-se por uma revisão de literatura em torno de uma hermenêutica problematizadora na qual faremos a confluência em teorias e conceitos. Com isso esperamos estabelecer maiores compreensões sobre os/as dissidentes sexuais e de gênero e as situações de vulnerabilidades em suas caminhadas nas cidades.
Influence of Surface Characteristics of Different Implant Abutment Materials on Growth of Porphyromonas Gingivalis
Authors: MAMINSKAS Julius , ZALECKYTE Monika , PILIPAVICIUS Jurgis , VENSKUTONIS Tadas , CICCIU Marco , JUODZBALYS Gintaras 
Published: March 2021

The purpose of the present study was to determine the surface physicochemical properties of polished implant abutment materials and to investigate their relationship with the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. Four groups of the most popular prosthetic materials were used in this study: titanium alloy (Ti), yttria-stabilized zirconium oxide (3Y-TZP), polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composite, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The plate shape specimens (10 × 10 × 0.5 mm) were polished by applying sequential mechanical polishing. Measurements of water contact angle (WCA), surface free energy (SFE) and roughness were performed. Also, the growth of P.gingivalis was measured via counting colony-forming units to milliliter (CFUs/mL). The WCA means were significantly different among all groups, and the highest hydrophilicity was observed on the PEEK, whereas the lowest on PMMA surface. All measured surfaces had similarly low SFE values, but Ti, 3Y-TZP, and PEEK demonstrated more expressed polar parts. All means of roughness were beyond the micro-level and were lower than 0.2 µm. The highest CFUs/mL was assessed on the PMMA and it was significantly different from others, whereas the lowest was on 3Y-TZP. The surface roughness had a significant impact on CFUs/mL growth.
To move or not to move? Skull and lower jaw morphology of the blindsnake Afrotyphlops punctatus (Leach, 1819) (Serpentes, Typhlopoidea, Typhlopidae) with comments on its previously advocated cranial kinesis
Authors: Deolindo Vitoria , Koch Claudia , Joshi Mitali , Martins Angele 
Published: March 2021

Abstract“Scolecophidians” are traditionally known for their several skull and lower jaw autapomorphies, being conspicuously different from alethinophidian snakes in terms of skull shape and function. Although typically known for the absence of any kinetic joint in the skull dermatocranium and neurocranium—mostly due to an adaptation to fossorial habit, literature data have previously suggested a possible cranial kinesis for individuals of Afrotyphlops punctatus based on observations of live and preserved individuals. Given such observations, herein we aim to describe in detail the skull of A. punctatus based on CT‐scan images of five specimens, evaluating the skull morphology and inferred function, and also providing valuable discussion on the skull osteology of the genus. Our results suggest that the skull of A. punctatus is similar to other blindsnakes in lacking any trace of snout, or even a frontal–parietal articulation. We also discuss possible osteological data that might be systematically relevant for Typhlopidae both interspecifically and intergenerically.
Using High‐Risk Pipe Clusters to Guide Capital Planning
Authors: Chen Thomas Ying‐Jeh , Daly Craig Michael 
Published: March 2021

Key TakeawaysWater utilities typically replace aggregated clusters of pipelines rather than individual pipes to minimize repeated disruption and mobilization cost.Risk assessments that report high‐risk pipes at the resolution of individual segments fall short of the clustering approach.A postprocessing method improves risk assessment efficacy by scaling risk calculations from individual pipe segments to a more meaningful and actionable cluster resolution.
Immobilized penicillin G acylase with enhanced activity and stability using glutaraldehyde‐modified polydopamine‐coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Boyuan , Zhou Yongshan , Liu Chunli , Abdelrahman Mohammed Monier Alhadi , Chen Zhangjun , Chen Zhenbin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this work, Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were coated with polydopamine (PDA) to structure Fe3O4@PDA NPs by the spontaneous oxygen‐mediated self‐polymerization of dopamine (DA) in an aqueous solution of pH = 8.5. The fabricated Fe3O4@PDA NPs were grafted by glutaraldehyde to realize the immobilization of penicillin G acylase (PGA) under mild conditions. The carriers of each stage were characterized and investigated by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and vibrating sample magnetometry. To improve the catalytic activity and stability of immobilized PGA, the immobilization conditions were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal immobilization conditions, the enzyme loading capacity, enzyme activity, and enzyme activity recovery of immobilized PGA were 114 mg/g, 26,308 U/g, and 78.5%, respectively. In addition, the immobilized PGA presented better temperature and pH stability compared with free PGA. The reusability study ensured that the immobilized PGA showed an excellent repeating application performance. In particular, the recovery rate of immobilized PGA could reach 94.8% and immobilized PGA could retain 73.0% of its original activity after 12 cycles, indicating that the immobilized PGA exhibited a high operation stability and broad application potential in the biocatalysis field.
Impact of reproductive factors on breast cancer incidence: Pooled analysis of nine cohort studies in Japan
Authors: Takeuchi Taro , Kitamura Yuri , Sobue Tomotaka , Utada Mai , Ozasa Kotaro , Sugawara Yumi , Tsuji Ichiro , Hori Miyuki , Sawada Norie , Tsugane Shoichiro , Koyanagi Yuriko N. , Ito Hidemi , Wang Chaochen , Tamakoshi Akiko , Wada Keiko , Nagata Chisato , Shimazu Taichi , Mizoue Tetsuya , Matsuo Keitaro , Naito Mariko , Tanaka Keitaro , Inoue Manami ,   for the Research Group for the Development, Evaluation of Cancer Prevention Strategies in Japan
Published: March 2021

AbstractPrior studies reported the association of reproductive factors with breast cancer (BC), but the evidence is inconsistent. We conducted a pooled analysis of nine cohort studies in Japan to evaluate the impact of six reproductive factors (age at menarche/age at first birth/number of births/age at menopause/use of female hormones/breastfeeding) on BC incidence. We conducted analyses according to menopausal status at the baseline or at the diagnosis. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by applying Cox proportional‐hazards model in each study. These hazard ratios were integrated using a random‐effects model. Among 187,999 women (premenopausal: 61,113, postmenopausal: 126,886), we observed 873 premenopausal and 1,456 postmenopausal cases. Among premenopausal women, use of female hormones significantly increased BC incidence (HR: 1.53 [1.04–2.25]). Although P value for trend was not significant for age at first birth and number of births (P for trend: 0.15 and 0.30, respectively), women giving first birth at ages ≥36 experienced significantly higher BC incidence than at ages 21–25 years, and women who had ≥2 births experienced significantly lower BC incidence than nulliparous women. Among postmenopausal women, more births significantly decreased BC incidence (P for trend: 0.03). Although P value for trend was not significant for age at first birth and age at menopause (P for trend: 0.30 and 0.37, respectively), women giving first birth at ages 26–35 years experienced significantly higher BC incidence than at ages 21–25 years, and women with age at menopause: ≥50 years experienced significantly higher BC incidence than age at menopause: ≤44 years. BC incidence was similar according to age at menarche or breastfeeding history among both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. In conclusion, among Japanese women, use of female hormones increased BC incidence in premenopausal women, and more births decreased BC incidence in postmenopausal women.
Abnormal dynamic functional connectivity is linked to recovery after acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Bonkhoff Anna K. , Schirmer Markus D. , Bretzner Martin , Etherton Mark , Donahue Kathleen , Tuozzo Carissa , Nardin Marco , Giese Anne‐Katrin , Wu Ona , D. Calhoun Vince , Grefkes Christian , Rost Natalia S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to explore the whole‐brain dynamic functional connectivity patterns in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients and their relation to short and long‐term stroke severity. We investigated resting‐state functional MRI‐based dynamic functional connectivity of 41 AIS patients two to five days after symptom onset. Re‐occurring dynamic connectivity configurations were obtained using a sliding window approach and k‐means clustering. We evaluated differences in dynamic patterns between three NIHSS‐stroke severity defined groups (mildly, moderately, and severely affected patients). Furthermore, we built Bayesian hierarchical models to evaluate the predictive capacity of dynamic connectivity and examine the interrelation with clinical measures, such as white matter hyperintensity lesions. Finally, we established correlation analyses between dynamic connectivity and AIS severity as well as 90‐day neurological recovery (ΔNIHSS). We identified three distinct dynamic connectivity configurations acutely post‐stroke. More severely affected patients spent significantly more time in a configuration that was characterized by particularly strong connectivity and isolated processing of functional brain domains (three‐level ANOVA: p < .05, post hoc t tests: p < .05, FDR‐corrected). Configuration‐specific time estimates possessed predictive capacity of stroke severity in addition to the one of clinical measures. Recovery, as indexed by the realized change of the NIHSS over time, was significantly linked to the dynamic connectivity between bilateral intraparietal lobule and left angular gyrus (Pearson's r = −.68, p = .003, FDR‐corrected). Our findings demonstrate transiently increased isolated information processing in multiple functional domains in case of severe AIS. Dynamic connectivity involving default mode network components significantly correlated with recovery in the first 3 months poststroke.
Convolutional capsule network for COVID‐19 detection using radiography images
Authors: Tiwari Shamik , Jain Anurag 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNovel corona virus COVID‐19 has spread rapidly all over the world. Due to increasing COVID‐19 cases, there is a dearth of testing kits. Therefore, there is a severe need for an automatic recognition system as a solution to reduce the spreading of the COVID‐19 virus. This work offers a decision support system based on the X‐ray image to diagnose the presence of the COVID‐19 virus. A deep learning‐based computer‐aided decision support system will be capable to differentiate between COVID‐19 and pneumonia. Recently, convolutional neural network (CNN) is designed for the diagnosis of COVID‐19 patients through chest radiography (or chest X‐ray, CXR) images. However, due to the usage of CNN, there are some limitations with these decision support systems. These systems suffer with the problem of view‐invariance and loss of information due to down‐sampling. In this paper, the capsule network (CapsNet)‐based system named visual geometry group capsule network (VGG‐CapsNet) for the diagnosis of COVID‐19 is proposed. Due to the usage of capsule network (CapsNet), the authors have succeeded in removing the drawbacks found in the CNN‐based decision support system for the detection of COVID‐19. Through simulation results, it is found that VGG‐CapsNet has performed better than the CNN‐CapsNet model for the diagnosis of COVID‐19. The proposed VGG‐CapsNet‐based system has shown 97% accuracy for COVID‐19 versus non‐COVID‐19 classification, and 92% accuracy for COVID‐19 versus normal versus viral pneumonia classification. Proposed VGG‐CapsNet‐based system available at https://github.com/shamiktiwari/COVID19_Xray can be used to detect the existence of COVID‐19 virus in the human body through chest radiographic images.
Advances in the biological fixation of carbon dioxide by microalgae
Authors: Zhang Shuping , Liu Zhenrong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlobal warming caused by carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions is one of the most important topics of concern in the fields of science, environment and global economy. Carbon dioxide emissions have increased dramatically in recent years, and this trend is likely to continue with a projected increase of both global energy consumption and CO2 emissions by 51% in 2050 compared with 2005. To mitigate the negative impacts arising, a potential strategy to convert CO2 into renewable fuels or valuable chemicals can be applied. Bio‐CO2 emission reduction is receiving more and more attention as an environmentally friendly method. Microalgae are attracting worldwide attention in this regard owing to their exceptional speed of growth, resistance to harsh environments and low production costs. In this review, the biochemical principles of microalgae‐CO2 fixation and the research progress of microalgae strains used for CO2 fixation are reviewed and discussed. The latest progress in the co‐development of a microalgae carbon sequestration industry and other industries are provided, along with a survey of the progress in methods to improve microalgae‐CO2 fixation. Finally, the problems to be solved in the industry and its future directions of development are clarified. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Optimization of an ultrasound‐assisted alcohol‐based deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction for separation and preconcentration of quercetin in wine and food samples with response surface methodology
Authors: Altunay Nail , Elik Adil , Unal Yener , Kaya Savaş 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe optimized ultrasound‐assisted alcohol‐based deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid‐phase microextraction for separation and preconcentration of quercetin in wine and food samples by experimental design based on central composite design. Five different alcohol‐based deep eutectic solvents were prepared and tested for quercetin extraction. The effect of important parameters and matrix components were optimized. After optimization, the determination of quercetin was performed at 385 nm using spectrophotometry. Analytical data such as detection limit, working range and preconcentration factor were found as 6.1 μg/L, 20–850 μg/L, and 120, respectively. The selectivity of the optimized extraction conditions for quercetin was investigated in the presence of different matrices. The validation of the method was investigated by reproducibility, repeatability and recovery studies, as well as by comparing the analytical results obtained from real samples with the reference method. Lastly, the recommended procedure was successfully applied for the extraction and quantification of quercetin in wine and food samples.
Expiratory Muscle Strength Training for Therapy of Pharyngeal Dysphagia in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Claus Inga , Muhle Paul , Czechowski Judith , Ahring Sigrid , Labeit Bendix , Suntrup‐Krueger Sonja , Wiendl Heinz , Dziewas Rainer , Warnecke Tobias 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundPharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and clinically relevant symptom associated with poor nutrition intake, reduced quality of life, and aspiration pneumonia. Despite this, effective behavioral treatment approaches are rare.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to verify if 4 week of expiratory muscle strength training can improve pharyngeal dysphagia in the short and long term and is able to induce neuroplastic changes in cortical swallowing processing.MethodsIn this double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial, 50 patients with hypokinetic pharyngeal dysphagia, as confirmed by flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, performed a 4‐week expiratory muscle strength training. Twenty‐five participants used a calibrated (“active”) device, 25 used a sham handheld device. Swallowing function was evaluated directly before and after the training period, as well as after a period of 3 month using flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. Swallowing‐related cortical activation was measured in 22 participants (active:sham; 11:11) using whole‐head magnetencephalography.ResultsThe active group showed significant improvement in the flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing–based dysphagia score after 4 weeks and after 3 months, whereas in the sham group no significant changes from baseline were observed. Especially, clear reduction in pharyngeal residues was found. Regarding the cortical swallowing network before and after training, no statistically significant differences were found by magnetencephalography examination.ConclusionsFour‐week expiratory muscle strength training significantly reduces overall dysphagia severity in PD patients, with a sustained effect after 3 months compared with sham training. This was mainly achieved by improving swallowing efficiency. The treatment effect is probably caused by peripheral mechanisms, as no changes in the cortical swallowing network were identified. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Individual residential mobility, immobility, and political attitudes: The case of Brexit voting intentions in the 2016 UK EU Referendum
Authors: Shuttleworth Ian , Finell Eerika , Bjarnason Thoroddur , Stevenson Clifford 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne explanation of the results of the UK EU Referendum and the US Presidential Election in 2016 has been as a triumph of citizens of ‘somewhere’—localised and rooted—over the cosmopolitan and spatially mobile citizens of ‘anywhere’, placing residential mobility and its effects on political attitudes at the heart of debates about the causes of populist voting. This paper contributes to these debates by using Understanding Society1 to examine how residential mobility shaped Referendum voting intentions with a particular focus on the differential impacts of short‐ and long‐distance moves. It also explores how the effects of migration vary by age. It finds that for an all‐age sample, those respondents who made at least one address change of 50 km or more were less likely plan to vote ‘Leave’ relative to those who did not move at all. Restricting the analysis to those aged 25 or older, residential mobility became statistically insignificant; Brexit voting could be explained without reference to residential mobility. However, analysing only 16–24 year olds, long‐distance residential mobility was again statistically significant even in the fully specified model. It is concluded that residential mobility is most important and formative for the attitudes of younger people but has little or no impact on older sections of the population.