bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed primary fascia closure of Björck grade 4 open abdomen with enteroatmospheric fistulas after repeated surgery for adhesive small bowel obstruction: a case report
Authors: Akashi Yoshimasa , Ogawa Koichi , Sasaki Kaoru , Kim Jaejeong , Enomoto Tsuyoshi , Hisakura Katsuji , Ohara Yusuke , Owada Yohei , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Shimomura Osamu , Hashimoto Shinji , Sekido Mitsuru , Oda Tatsuya 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
An open abdomen with frozen adherent bowels is classified as grade 4 in Björck’s open abdomen classification, and skin grafting after wound granulation is a typical closure option. We achieved delayed primary fascia closure for a patient who developed open abdomen with enteroatmospheric fistulas due to severe adherent small bowel obstruction. We present here the details of his management.

Case presentation
A 52-year-old man suffered acute abdominal pain during a flight and received an emergency laparotomy due to adhesive small bowel obstruction. Repeated laparotomies were required, and later open abdomen and proximal site jejunostomy were selected. After negative pressure wound therapy, he was transferred to our institution. Two enteroatmospheric fistulas emerged on the exposed intestine, and we diagnosed the condition as a Björck grade 4 open abdomen. After 8 months of wound care and parenteral nutrition, we decided to attempt primary wound closure because the patient required permanent oral restriction and total parenteral nutrition due to short bowel syndrome. A circular incision along the circumference of the exposed bowel allowed us to take a safe approach into the abdominal cavity. We removed the intestinal adhesions completely and resected the bowels, including the fistulas and anastomosed parts. Finally, the abdominal wall defect was reconstructed using the component separation technique, and the patient was discharged without an ostomy.

Conclusions
Primary fascia closure for grade 4 open abdomen is hard, but leaving a long interval before radical surgery and applying pertinent wound management may help solve this adverse situation.
Dietary protein sources and risk of diabetic nephropathy in women: A case-control study
Authors: Aziz Monireh , Jalilpiran Yahya , Nekouimehr Mehdi , Fattahi Shaahin , Mokhtari Pari , Jayedi Ahmad , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Mirzaei Khadijeh 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Several studies have investigated the association between dietary protein and the risk of diabetic nephropathy (DN); however, there is no agreement on the type of dietary protein sources that might increase the risk of DN. This study was conducted to investigate the associations between different protein sources and the odds of DN developing in Iranian women with existing type 2 diabetes.

Methods
In this case-control study, 105 women with DN and 105 controls, matched for age and diabetes duration, were selected from the Kowsar Diabetes Clinic in Semnan, Iran. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Dietary protein patterns were estimated using the factor analysis method. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to examine the association between protein patterns and the odds of developing DN.

Results
Two patterns were identified: the Mediterranean-based Dietary Protein Sources (MDPS) pattern which is rich in low-fat dairy, fish, poultry, soy, and legumes, and the Western-based Dietary Protein Sources (WDPS) pattern, rich in red and processed meats, eggs, and high-fat dairy. After adjusting for several confounders, greater adherence (third vs. the first tertile) to the MDPS pattern was associated with lower odds of DN (OR = 0.03; 95 % CI: 0.00, 0.10). In contrast, a strong positive association was observed between adherence to the WDPS pattern and DN (OR = 2.81; 95 % CI: 1.09–7.21).

Conclusions
Our results show that there is a potential association between the type of protein sources consumed and the odds of DN development in women with type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Provider perspectives on the provision of safe, equitable, trauma-informed care for intimate partner violence survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study
Authors: Williams Emma E. , Arant Kaetlyn R. , Leifer Valia P. , Balcom Mardi Chadwick , Levy-Carrick Nomi C. , Lewis-O’Connor Annie , Katz Jeffrey N. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Early research suggests the COVID-19 pandemic worsened intimate partner violence (IPV) in the US. In particular, stay-at-home orders and social distancing kept survivors in close proximity to their abusers and restricted access to resources and care. We aimed to understand and characterize the impact of the pandemic on delivery of IPV care in Boston.

Methods
We conducted individual interviews with providers of IPV care and support in the Greater Boston area, including healthcare workers, social workers, lawyers, advocates, and housing specialists, who continued to work during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using thematic analysis, we identified themes describing the challenges and opportunites providers faced in caring for survivors during the pandemic.

Results
Analysis of 18 interviews yielded four thematic domains, encompassing 18 themes and nine sub-themes. Thematic analysis revealed that the pandemic posed an increased threat to survivors of IPV by exacerbating external stressors and leading to heightened violence. On a system level, the pandemic led to widespread uncertainty, strained resources, amplified inequities, and loss of community. On an individual level, COVID-19 restrictions limited survivors’ abilities to access resources and to be safe, and amplified pre-existing inequities, such as limited technology access. Those who did not speak English or were immigrants experienced even more difficulty accessing resources due to language and/or cultural barriers. To address these challenges, providers utilized video and telephone interactions, and stressed the importance of creativity and cooperation across different sectors of care.

Conclusions
While virtual care was essential in allowing providers to care for survivors, and also allowed for increased flexibility, it was not a panacea. Many survivors faced additional obstacles to care, such as language barriers, unequal access to technology, lack of childcare, and economic insecurity. Providers addressed these barriers by tailoring services and care modalities to an individual’s needs and circumstances. Going forward, some innovations of the pandemic period, such as virtual interactions and cooperation across care sectors, may be utilized in ways that attend to shifting survivor needs and access, thereby improving safe, equitable, and trauma-informed IPV care.
Inequity in health care utilization for common childhood illnesses in India: measurement and decomposition analysis using the India demographic and health survey 2015–16
Authors: Maharatha Tulasi Malini , Dash Umakant 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Though child mortality has dropped remarkably, it is considerably high in South Asia. Across the globe, 5.2 million children under 5 years of age died in 2019, and India accounts for a significant portion of these deaths. Common childhood illnesses are the leading cause of these deaths. Seeking care from formal providers can reduce these avoidable deaths. Inequity is a crucial blockage in optimum utilization of medical treatment for children. Hence, the present study analyzes the inequalities and horizontal inequities in utilizing the medical treatment for diarrhea, fever, acute respiratory infection (ARI), and any of these common childhood illnesses in India and across the Indian states. The study also attempts to locate significant contributors to these inequalities.

Methods
The study used 0 to 59 months children’s data sourced from the Demographic and Health Survey, India (2015–16). Concentration Index (CI) and Erreygers Corrected Concentration Index (EI) were used to measure the inequalities. The Horizontal Inequity Index (HII) was deployed to estimate inequity. The decomposition method introduced by Erreygers was applied to determine the significant contributors of inequalities.

Results
The EI in medical treatment-seeking for common childhood illnesses was 0.16, while the HII was 0.15. The highest inequality was perceived in the utilization of medical treatment for ARI (0.17). The primary contributing factors of these inequalities were continuum of maternal care (18.7%), media exposure (12%), affordability (9.3%), place of residence (9.1%), mother’s education (8.5%), and state groups (8.8%). The North-Eastern states showed the highest level of inequality across the Indian states.

Conclusion
The study reveals that the horizontal inequity in medical treatment utilization for children in India is pro-rich. The findings of the study suggest that attuning the efforts of existing maternal and child health programs into one seamless chain of care can bring the inequalities down and improve the utilization of child health care services. The spread of health education through different media sources, reaching out to rural and remote places with adequate health personnel, and easing out the financial hardship in accessing medical treatment could be the cornerstone in accelerating the utilization level amongst the impoverished children.
Exome sequencing identifies novel and known mutations in families with intellectual disability
Authors: Rasheed Memoona , Khan Valeed , Harripaul Ricardo , Siddiqui Maimoona , Malik Madiha Amin , Ullah Zahid , Zahid Muhammad , Vincent John B. , Ansar Muhammad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntellectual disability (ID) is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous disorder.MethodsIn this study, genome wide SNP microarray and whole exome sequencing are used for the variant identification in eight Pakistani families with ID. Beside ID, most of the affected individuals had speech delay, facial dysmorphism and impaired cognitive abilities. Repetitive behavior was observed in MRID143, while seizures were reported in affected individuals belonging to MRID137 and MRID175.ResultsIn two families (MRID137b and MRID175), we identified variants in the genesCCSandELFN1, which have not previously been reported to cause ID. In four families, variants were identified inARX,C5orf42,GNEandMETTL4. A copy number variation (CNV) was identified inIL1RAPL1gene in MRID165.ConclusionThese findings expand the existing knowledge of variants and genes implicated in autosomal recessive and X linked ID.
Variability in body weight and the risk of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes: results from the Swedish National Diabetes Register
Authors: Ceriello Antonio , Lucisano Giuseppe , Prattichizzo Francesco , Eliasson Björn , Franzén Stefan , Svensson Ann-Marie , Nicolucci Antonio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is a high incidence of cardiovascular disease in diabetes. Weight variability has been reported as independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the general population and preliminarily also in people with type 2 diabetes.MethodsUsing data from the Swedish National Diabetes Register the possible link between visit-to-visit body weight variability and the risk of cardiovascular complications among people with type 2 diabetes and without prevalent cardiovascular diseases at baseline has been evaluated. Overall, 100,576 people with type 2 diabetes, with at least five measurements of body weight taken over three consecutive years, were included. Variability was expressed as quartiles of the standard deviation of the measures during the three years. The primary composite outcome included non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, and all-cause mortality and was assessed during five years following the first 3 years of exposure to weight variability.ResultsAfter adjusting for known cardiovascular risk factors, the risk of the primary composite outcome significantly increased with increasing body weight variability [upper quartile HR = 1.45; 95% confidence interval 1.39–1.52]. Furthermore, elevated body weight variability was associated with almost all the other cardiovascular complications considered (non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, all-cause mortality, peripheral arterial disease, peripheral vascular angioplasty, hospitalization for heart failure, foot ulcer, and all-cause mortality).ConclusionsHigh body weight variability predicts the development of cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes. These data suggest that any strategy to reduce the body weight in these subjects should be aimed at maintaining the reduction in the long-term, avoiding oscillations.
Multigenerational endometriosis : consequence of fetal exposure to diethylstilbestrol ?
Authors: Gaspari Laura , Soyer-Gobillard Marie-Odile , Paris Françoise , Kalfa Nicolas , Hamamah Samir , Sultan Charles 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Endometriosis, which affects 10–15 % of women of reproductive age, is an estrogen-driven condition influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Exposition to estrogen-like endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) has been reported to contribute to the fetal origin of this disease.

Case presentation
We report here an informative family in which all prenatally DES-exposed daughters and subsequent granddaughters presented endometriosis, whereas the unexposed first daughter and her progeny presented no gynecological disorders. Moreover, the only post-pubertal great-granddaughter, who presents chronic dysmenorrhea that remains resistant to conventional therapy, is at risk of developing endometriosis. The mother (I-2) was prescribed DES (30 mg/day for 3 months) to inhibit lactation after each delivery.

Conclusions
Although a direct causal link between the grandmother’s treatment with DES and the development of endometriosis in possibly three exposed generations remains speculative, this report strengthens the suspicion that fetal exposition to DES contributes to the pathogenesis of adult diseases, such as endometriosis. It also highlights a multigenerational and likely transgenerational effect of EDCs.
Life history traits and reproductive ecology of North American chorus frogs of the genus Pseudacris (Hylidae)
Authors: Ethier Jeffrey P. , Fayard Aurore , Soroye Peter , Choi Daeun , Mazerolle Marc J. , Trudeau Vance L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmphibian biodiversity is declining globally, with over 40% of species being considered threatened to become extinct. Crucial to the success of conservation initiatives are a comprehensive understanding of life history and reproductive ecology of target species. Here we provide an overview of thePseudacrisgenus, including breeding behaviour, reproduction, development, survival and longevity. We present an updated distribution map of the 18 species found throughout North America. We also summarize the conservation status at the national and subnational (state, provincial, and territorial) levels, in Canada, USA, and Mexico, to evaluate the relationship between life history traits and extinction risk. Results show a high degree of consistency in the life history traits ofPseudacrisspecies considering their relative diversity and wide distribution in North America. However, data are lacking for several species, particularly in the Fat Frog and West Coast clades, causing some uncertainties and discrepancies in the literature. We also found that the most threatened populations of chorus frog were located in the east coast of the USA, potentially as a result of increased levels of anthropogenic disturbance. We suggest that the similarities in life history traits among chorus frog species provides an opportunity for collaboration and united efforts for the conservation of the genus.
BRIE2: computational identification of splicing phenotypes from single-cell transcriptomic experiments
Authors: Huang Yuanhua , Sanguinetti Guido 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRNA splicing is an important driver of heterogeneity in single cells through the expression of alternative transcripts and as a determinant of transcriptional kinetics. However, the intrinsic coverage limitations of scRNA-seq technologies make it challenging to associate specific splicing events to cell-level phenotypes. BRIE2 is a scalable computational method that resolves these issues by regressing single-cell transcriptomic data against cell-level features. We show that BRIE2 effectively identifies differential disease-associated alternative splicing events and allows a principled selection of genes that capture heterogeneity in transcriptional kinetics and improve RNA velocity analyses, enabling the identification of splicing phenotypes associated with biological changes.
Temporal variations of magma composition, eruption style and rate at Fuji Volcano, Japan
Authors: Yamamoto Takahiro , Nakano Shun , Ishizuka Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMt. Fuji is an active basaltic volcano near the Tokyo metropolitan area; future eruptions could thus have serious nationwide impacts. To better understand recent volcanism at Fuji Volcano, we here clarify temporal variations of eruption rate and magma composition since 5.6 ka based on time-series volumetric and geochemical data of eruptive products in a new stratigraphic sequence. Volcanic activity during the studied period consisted of (i) the emission of many lava flows that formed a new volcanic edifice between 5.6 and 3.45 ka, (ii) a period dominated by explosive events both at the summit and on the flanks of the volcano between 3.45 and 2.25 ka, and (iii) a period dominated by flank fissure eruptions since 2.25 ka. The eruption rate (dense-rock equivalent, DRE) was 3.5 km3 DRE/kyr during the edifice-building period, decreased to 0.8 km3 DRE/kyr during the explosive period, and then increased to 2.0 km3 DRE/kyr since 1.5 ka. Erupted magmas were dominantly basaltic and geochemically similar through time, except for increased Sr contents and decreased Ca/Sr ratios during the explosive period. Similarly, the geochemical properties of the parental magmas did not change greatly, although the Sr contents and Ca/Sr ratios of magmas erupted during the explosive period reflect the delayed fractionation of plagioclase due to the increased water contents of the parental magmas at that time.
Lymphatic Node Metastasis Risk Scoring System: A Novel Instrument for Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis After Thymic Epithelial Tumor Resection
Authors: Cheng Xinxin , Lu Yaxin , Chen Sai , Yang Weilin , Xu Bo , Zou Jianyong , Chen Zhenguang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
The authors aimed to create a novel model to predict lymphatic metastasis in thymic epithelial tumors.

Methods
Data of 1018 patients were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2004 to 2015. To construct a nomogram, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was used to select candidate features of the training cohort from 2004 to 2013. A simple model called the Lymphatic Node Metastasis Risk Scoring System (LNMRS) was constructed to predict lymphatic metastasis. Using patients from 2014 to 2015 as the validation cohort, the predictive performance of the model was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

Results
The LASSO regression model showed that age, extension, and histology type were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, which were used to construct the nomogram. Through analysis of the area under the curve (AUC), the nomogram achieved a AUC value of 0.80 (95 % confidence interval [Cl] 0.75–0.85) in the training cohort and 0.82 (95 % Cl 0.70–0.93) in the validation cohort, and had closed calibration curves. Based on the nomogram, the authors constructed the LNMRS model, which had an AUC of 0.80 (95 % Cl 0.75–0.85) in the training cohort and 0.82 (95% Cl 0.70–0.93) in the validation cohort. The ROC curves indicated that the LNMRS had excellent predictive performance for lymph node metastasis.

Conclusion
This study established a nomogram for predicting lymph node metastasis. The LNMRS model, constructed to predict lymphatic involvement of patients, was more convenient than the nomogram.
Chemical Feedstock Recovery from Hard-to-Recycle Plastics through Pyrolysis-Based Approaches and Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography
Authors: Kumagai Shogo , Yoshioka Toshiaki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The entire world is moving toward carbon neutrality, and Japan is aiming to achieve a carbon neutral society by 2050. Generation of waste plastic is annually increasing, and the demand for waste plastic recycling is rapidly and globally growing to allow sustainable plastic use. Therefore, rapid and substantial promotion of plastic recycling technology is a global preferential task. The authors believe that pyrolysis is a promising strategy for recovering chemical feedstock from waste plastics, which improves global recycling capacity. Herein, global trends in waste plastic recycling were summarized in the first chapter, and feedstock recycling through pyrolysis-based approaches for hard-to-recycle plastic wastes such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyurethanes (PUs) were reviewed in the second chapter. Finally, the applicability of pyrolysis-gas chromatography (Py-GC) was verified by the investigation of the pyrolysis reaction mechanism, in situ pyrolyzate monitoring, and rapid screening of pyrolysis and catalytic reaction conditions.
Labor Unions and Product Quality Failures
Authors: Kini Omesh , Shen Mo , Shenoy Jaideep , Subramaniam Venkat 
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we study the impact of labor unions on product quality failures. We use a product recall as our measure of quality failure because it is an objective metric that is applicable to a broad cross-section of industries. Our analysis employs a union panel setting and close union elections in a regression discontinuity design framework to overcome identification issues. In the panel regressions, we find that firms that are unionized and those that have higher unionization rates experience a greater frequency of quality failures. The results obtain even at a more granular establishment level in a subsample in which we can identify the manufacturing establishment associated with the recalled product. When comparing firms in close elections, we find that firms with close union wins are followed by significantly worse product quality outcomes than those with close union losses. These results are amplified in non–right-to-work states, where unions have a relatively greater influence on the workforce. We find that unionization increases firms’ costs and operating leverage and, consequently, crowds out investments that potentially impact quality. We also find some suggestive evidence that unions may compromise quality by hurting employee morale and by resisting technological upgrades in the firm. Overall, our results suggest that unions have an adverse impact on product recalls, and thus, product quality is an important dimension along which unions impact businesses. This paper was accepted by Gustavo Manso, finance.