bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA methylome signatures as epigenetic biomarkers of hexanal associated with lung toxicity
Authors: Cho Yoon , Song Mi-Kyung , Ryu Jae-Chun 
Published: February 2021

Background
Numerous studies have investigated the relationship of environmental exposure, epigenetic effects, and human diseases. These linkages may contribute to the potential toxicity mechanisms of environmental chemicals. Here, we investigated the epigenetic pulmonary response of hexanal, a major indoor irritant, following inhalation exposure in F-344 rats.

Methods
Based on DNA methylation profiling in gene promoter regions, we identified hexanal-characterized methylated sites and target genes using an unpaired t-test with a fold-change cutoff of ≥ 3.0 and a p-value < 0.05. We also conducted an integrated analysis of DNA methylation and mRNA expression data to identify core anti-correlated target genes of hexanal exposure. To further investigate the potential key biological processes and pathways of core DNA methylated target genes, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis were performed.

Results
Thirty-six dose-dependent methylated genes and anti-correlated target genes of DNA methylation and mRNA in lung tissue of hexanal exposed F-344 rats were identified. These genes were involved in diverse biological processes such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, protein kinase cascade, and intracellular signaling cascade associated with pulmonary toxicity. These results suggest that novel DNA methylation-based epigenetic biomarkers of exposure to hexanal and elucidate the potential pulmonary toxicological mechanisms of action of hexanal.
The recognition of gaming disorder in China: a case series of 223 patients
Authors: Shao Tianli , Chen Xinxin , Huang Shucai , Liao Zhenjiang , Lin Shuhong , Qi Jing , Cai Yi , Huang Qiuping , Shen Hongxian 
Published: February 2021

Background
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) was listed in the appendix of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) as a condition requiring further study in 2013, and gaming disorder (GD) was considered a mental disorder and listed in the 11th International Classification of Diseases Manual (ICD-11) in 2018. The study aims to obtain preliminary knowledge of the recognition of GD in China.

Methods
A total of 223 Chinese patients who met both the ICD-11 and DSM-5 criteria for GD participated in the study, and a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect demographic information, gaming use characteristics, and previous diagnoses.

Results
The average age of patients with GD was 20.5 years, and 71.3% were male. Most patients were diagnosed with emotion-related disorders at their first psychiatric visit: mood disorders (59.2%), bipolar affective disorder (18.4%), depressive episode (12.6%), and anxiety disorder (4.9%). Among the adolescent patients with a first diagnosis of mood disorders, 71.2% and 33.3% were diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder and personality disorders, respectively, at subsequent visits. Overall, after the first visit, the most common diagnosis was bipolar affective disorder (61.0%), followed by personality disorders (34.1%), mood disorders (17.0%), depressive episode (17.0%), and other disorders. Only three patients had Internet overuse.

Conclusion
The identification rate of GD is extremely low in routine psychiatric clinical practice in China. Most patients with GD were previously misdiagnosed with emotion-related disorders. Psychiatrists should be trained to improve their ability to recognize and manage GD.
Diagnosis of appendicitis by transvaginal ultrasound examination
Authors: Tahapary Malou , Cornelis Ann , Peersman Benjamin , Van den Bosch Thierry 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundAppendicitis is a frequent cause of abdominal pain. Symptoms may be atypical, and the appendix may not be visualised through abdominal ultrasonography. This case report illustrates the important role transvaginal ultrasound examination may have in the diagnostic workup of abdominal pain.MethodsA case report focussing on imaging through transvaginal ultrasonography and comparing the ultrasonographic findings with CT‐scan, as well as macroscopic examination and microscopy.ResultsA 33‐year‐old woman presenting at the emergency department with lower abdominal pain since 1 week. Transvaginal ultrasound shows a typical ‘target sign’ together with a blind‐ending fluid‐filled structure posterolateral right of the uterus, suggestive of appendicitis. These findings are confirmed on CT‐scan, and a laparoscopic appendectomy is performed. We present the typical ultrasound imaging alongside the correlates on CT‐scan as well as on macroscopy and on microscopic examination.ConclusionAs gynaecologists, we must maintain a high degree of suspicion for non‐gynaecological findings. This case report illustrates the value of transvaginal ultrasound in diagnosing appendicitis.
Lower Lymphocyte Count is Associated With Increased Risk of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Jensen Melanie P. , Jacobs Benjamin Meir , Dobson Ruth , Bandres‐Ciga Sara , Blauwendraat Cornelis , Schrag Anette , Noyce Alastair J. ,   The International Parkinson's Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC)
Published: February 2021

ObjectivesPatients with established Parkinson's disease (PD) display differences in peripheral blood markers of immune function, including leukocyte differential counts, compared with controls. These differences may be useful biomarkers to predict PD and may shed light on pathogenesis. We sought to identify whether peripheral immune dysregulation was associated with increased risk of subsequent PD diagnosis.MethodsWe examined the relationship between incident PD, baseline differential leukocyte count and other blood markers of acute inflammation in UK Biobank (UKB), a longitudinal cohort with ~500,000 participants. We used a range of sensitivity analyses and Mendelian randomization (MR) to further explore the nature of associations.ResultsAfter excluding individuals with comorbidities which could influence biomarkers of inflammation, 465 incident PD cases and 312,125 controls remained. Lower lymphocyte count was associated with increased risk of subsequent PD diagnosis (per 1‐SD decrease in lymphocyte count odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07–1.32, padjusted = 0.01). There was some evidence that reductions in eosinophil counts, monocyte counts and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were associated with increased PD risk, and that higher neutrophil count was also associated. Only the association between lower lymphocyte count and increased PD risk remained robust to sensitivity analyses. MR suggested that the effect of lower lymphocyte count on PD risk may be causal (per 1‐SD decrease in lymphocyte count; ORMR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.01–1.18, p = 0.02).InterpretationWe provide converging evidence from observational analyses in UKB and MR that lower lymphocyte count is associated with an increased risk of subsequent PD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:803–812
Decomposition of Carbonate‐Based Electrolytes: Differences and Peculiarities for Liquids vs. Polymers Observed Using Operando Gas Analysis
Authors: Sångeland Christofer , Sun Bing , Brandell Daniel , Berg Erik J. , Mindemark Jonas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDirect tracking of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) decomposition in comparison to a liquid analogue was accomplished by monitoring the evolution of volatile species using online electrochemical mass spectrometry (OEMS). Reduction of a poly(trimethylene carbonate)‐based SPE was dominated by CO2 formation. Detection of CO2 and an absence of CO confirms a preferred reduction degradation pathway involving C−O bond cleavage at the carbonyl carbon, in correlation with earlier suggestions. In contrast, the alkyl carbonate‐based liquid electrolyte exhibited extensive ethylene formation. Trace quantities of H2 evolution ascribed to water impurities were also observed in both systems. During oxidation, the SPE and liquid electrolyte exhibited CO2, CO and SO2 evolution synonymous with electrolyte solvent and salt degradation, albeit at different potentials. Overall, gas evolution rates and redox currents were lower in the SPE system. OEMS revealed significant gas formation independent of current response, as such highlighting the limitations of the voltammetry technique commonly used today to assess electrochemical stability.
Task scheduling on heterogeneous multiprocessor systems through coherent data allocation
Authors: Deng Zexi , Shen Hong , Cao Dunqian , Yan Zihan , Huang Huimin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEnergy consumption has become one of the main bottlenecks that limit the performance improvement of heterogeneous multiprocessor systems. In a heterogeneous distributed shared‐memory multiprocessor system (HDSMS), each processor can access all the memories, and each data can be stored in different memories. This article aims at addressing the problem of task scheduling and data allocation (TSDA) on HDSMS. To minimize the total energy consumption under a time constraint for TSDA, we propose two algorithms: the extended tree assignment for task scheduling incorporating data allocation (ETATS‐DA) and critical path task scheduling and data allocation (CPTSDA). The ETATS‐DA algorithm first utilizes the extended tree assignment to search the near optimal solution for task assignment, and then allocates data to memory based on the result of assignment. The CPTSDA algorithm considers TSDA jointly on a critical path simultaneously. Our proposed algorithms perform coherent data allocation under the consideration of best task scheduling by running two different heuristic strategies, respectively, and taking the best result as the final result. We conduct a large number of simulation experiments to test the performance of our algorithms, and the results validate the higher performance of our methods compared with the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.
Are paedomorphs actual larvae?
Authors: Tribondeau Alicia , Sachs Laurent M. , Buisine Nicolas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAmphibians display very diverse life cycles and development can be direct, where it occurs in ovo and a juvenile hatches directly, or biphasic, where an aquatic larva hatches and later undergoes metamorphosis followed by sexual maturation. In both cases, metamorphosis, corresponds to the post embryonic transition (PETr). A third strategy, only found in Urodeles, is more complex as larvae reach sexual maturity before metamorphosis, which can become accessory. The resulting paedomorphs retain their larval characters and keep their aquatic habitat. Does it mean that paedomorphs do not undergo PETr? Recent work using high throughput technologies coupled to system biology and developmental endocrinology revisited this question and provided novel datasets indicating that a paedomorph's “larval” tissue undergoes a proper developmental transition. Together with historical data, we propose that this transition is a marker of the PETr, which would be distinct from metamorphosis. This implies that (a) complex life cycles would result from the uncoupling of PETr and metamorphosis, and (b) biphasic life cycles would be a special cases where they occur simultaneously.
To what extent are conspiracy theorists concerned for self versus others? A COVID‐19 test case
Authors: Hornsey Matthew J. , Chapman Cassandra M. , Alvarez Belen , Bentley Sarah , Salvador Casara Bruno Gabriel , Crimston Charlie R. , Ionescu Octavia , Krug Henning , Preya Selvanathan Hema , Steffens Niklas K. , Jetten Jolanda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe examined whether people who are prone to believe COVID‐19 conspiracy theories are characterised by an especially strong concern for others or an especially strong concern for the self, and whether these orientations are associated with willingness to take a COVID‐19 vaccine. We surveyed 4,245 participants from eight nations; three months later we re‐contacted 1,262 participants from three nations. Belief in COVID‐19 conspiracy theories was related to greater concerns about one's own safety, and lower concerns about the safety of close others. Furthermore, conspiracist ideation at Wave 1 predicted reluctance to take a COVID‐19 vaccine at Wave 2, mediated through relative concern for self versus others. In sum, people who are high in conspiracy beliefs have relatively higher concern for the self relative to others, with troubling implications for public health.
Chemoradiation therapy changes oral microbiome and metabolomic profiles in patients with oral cavity cancer and oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Lim Yenkai , Tang Kai Dun , Karpe Avinash V. , Beale David J. , Totsika Makrina , Kenny Liz , Morrison Mark , Punyadeera Chamindie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with oral cavity cancer (OCC) and oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) are often seen with locoregionally advanced disease requiring complex multimodality treatments. These treatments may have detrimental effects on the oral microbiome, which is critical to maintaining physiological balance and health.MethodsThe effects of different OCC and OPC treatment types on the oral microbiome and metabolomic profiles for 24‐month post‐treatment in patients with OCC and OPC were investigated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon next‐generation sequencing and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), respectively.ResultsChemoradiation resulted in oral dysbiosis with specific depletion of genera which regulate the enterosalivary nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide pathway. These data also correlate with the oral metabolomic profiles with nitric oxide‐related precursor, modulator, or catalyst significantly downregulated in saliva samples from patients' postchemoradiation.ConclusionsTogether, we have shown that oral dysbiosis due to the effects of chemoradiation could potentially have an impact on OCC and OPC patient's quality of life post‐treatment.
New carboline‐based donors for green exciplex‐forming systems
Authors: Chen Chia‐Hsun , Cheng Ju‐Ting , Ding Wen‐Cheng , Lin Zong‐Liang , Chen Yi‐Sheng , Chiu Tien‐Lung , Lo Yuan‐Chih , Lee Jiun‐Haw , Wong Ken‐Tsung 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe carbazole of a model compound CPTBF was replaced by α‐ and β‐carboline to give donors α‐CPTBF and β‐CPTBF, respectively. The introduction of carboline leads the new donors to have deeper highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels. Different electron acceptors were tested, among them, a new acceptor, 3,4‐CN, was found to give exciplexes with efficient green emissions that are blue‐shifted as compared to that of model CPTBF:3,4‐CN system. The exciplex formations of α‐CPTBF:3,4‐CN and β‐CPTBF:3,4‐CN blends were verified with the significantly red‐shifted emissions different from those of constituent donor and acceptor together with the delayed fluorescent observed by time‐resolved PL decay experiments. The organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices with α‐CPTBF:3,4‐CN and β‐CPTBF:3,4‐CN blends as the emitting layer showed a maximum external quantum (EQE) of 7.57 and 7.34%, respectively, which is higher as compared to that (EQE = 6.87%) of the model device employing CPTBF:3,4‐CN. These results were attributed to the higher exciplex photoluminescence quantum yields due to the higher delay fluorescence components, deeper HOMO, and higher triplet energy of the carboline donors. In addition, the β‐CPTBF:3,4‐CN exciplex‐based OLED exhibited better efficiency roll‐off at higher luminesce due to more charge balance with less polaron formation, which was analyzed with time‐resolved EL.
Arhgef6 (alpha-PIX) cytoskeletal regulator signals to GTPases and Cofilin to couple T cell migration speed and persistence
Authors: Mamula Dejan , Korthals Mark , Hradsky Johannes , Gottfried Anna , Fischer Klaus-Dieter , Tedford Kerry 
Published: February 2021

AbstractImmunity is governed by successful T cell migration, optimized to enable a T cell to fully scan its environment without wasted movement by balancing speed and turning. Here we report that the Arhgef6 RhoGEF (aka alpha-PIX; αPIX; Cool-2), an activator of small GTPases, is required to restrain cell migration speed and cell turning during spontaneous migration on 2D surfaces. In Arhgef6−/− T cells, expression of Arhgef7 (beta-PIX; βPIX; Cool-1), a homolog of Arhgef6, was increased and correlated with defective activation and localization of Rac1 and CDC42 GTPases, respectively. Downstream of Arhgef6, PAK2 (p21-activated kinase 2) and LIMK1 phosphorylation was reduced, leading to increased activation of Cofilin, the actin-severing factor. Consistent with defects in these signaling pathways, Arhgef6−/− T cells displayed abnormal bilobed lamellipodia and migrated faster, turned more, and arrested less than wild-type (WT) T cells. Using pharmacologic inhibition of LIMK1 (LIM domain kinase 1) to induce Cofilin activation in WT T cells, we observed increased migration speed but not increased cell turning. In contrast, inhibition of Cdc42 increased cell turning but not speed. These results suggested that the increased speed of the Arhgef6−/− T cells is due to hyperactive Cofilin while the increased turning may be due to abnormal GTPase activation and recruitment. Together, these findings reveal that Arhgef6 acts as a repressor of T cell speed and turning by limiting actin polymerization and lamellipodia formation.
SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific humoral and cellular immunity in two renal transplants and two hemodialysis patients treated with convalescent plasma
Authors: Lindemann Monika , Krawczyk Adalbert , Dolff Sebastian , Konik Margarethe , Rohn Hana , Platte Maximillian , Thümmler Laura , Schwarzkopf Sina , Schipper Leonie , Bormann Maren , van de Sand Lukas , Breyer Marianne , Klump Hannes , Knop Dietmar , Lenz Veronika , Temme Christian , Dittmer Ulf , Horn Peter A. , Witzke Oliver 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhen patients with chronic kidney disease are infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) they can face two specific problems: virus‐specific immune responses may be impaired and remdesivir, an antiviral drug described to shorten recovery, is contraindicated. Antiviral treatment with convalescent plasma (CP) could be an alternative treatment option. In this case report, we present two kidney transplant recipients and two hemodialysis patients who were infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 and received CP. Antibodies against the receptor‐binding domain in the S1 subunit of the SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein were determined sequentially by immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neutralization assay and specific cellular responses by interferon‐gamma ELISpot. Before treatment, in both kidney transplant recipients and one hemodialysis patient antibodies were undetectable by ELISA (ratio < 1.1), corresponding to low neutralizing antibody titers (≤1:40). ELISpot responses in the four patients were either weak or absent. After CP treatment, we observed an increase of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific antibodies (IgG ratio and neutralization titer) and of specific cellular responses. After intermittent clinical improvement, one kidney transplant recipient again developed typical symptoms on Day 12 after treatment and received a second cycle of CP treatment. Altogether, three patients clinically improved and could be discharged from the hospital. However, one 83‐year‐old multimorbid patient deceased. Our data suggest that the success of CP therapy may only be temporary in patients with chronic kidney disease; which requires close monitoring of viral load and antiviral immunity and possibly an adaptation of the treatment regimen.
Lack of clinical significance for molecular detection of respiratory viruses in bronchoalveolar lavage samples
Authors: Recio Raúl , Lalueza Antonio , Moral Noelia , Pascual Consuelo , Muñoz Marina , Camacho Javier , Caso José María , Folgueira Lola 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe clinical significance of molecular detection of respiratory viruses in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples is poorly defined. We performed an observational retrospective study including all patients who underwent a BAL procedure in our institution, regardless of the reason for bronchoscopy, from January 2015 to December 2018. Respiratory viruses were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction with a commercial multiplex panel, and a cell culture was performed to detect cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus. Positive results were correlated with clinical symptoms and patients' characteristics. Of 540 BAL samples analyzed, 113 (20.9%) were positive for any respiratory virus. Viral detection was significantly associated with respiratory symptoms (83.2% vs. 68.9%, p = .004) and radiological infiltrates (67.3% vs. 52.2%, p = .006). The most frequent viruses detected were rhinovirus (42/113, 37.2%), influenza virus (20/113, 17.7%), and parainfluenza virus (PIV) (16/113, 14.2%). Respiratory pathogens codetections were found in 51/113 (45.1%) BAL samples, including more than one virus (16/51, 31.4%), fungi (8/51, 15.7%), and bacteria (9/51, 17.6%). Viral detection was significantly higher in immunocompromised patients (26.5% vs. 16.9%; p = .022). PIV and human metapneumovirus were mostly observed in lung (50.0%, 8/16) and hemopoietic transplant recipients (25%, 2/8), respectively, with clinical repercussions. Our data underline that molecular diagnosis allows identification of viral agents as the etiology of respiratory infections; however, the high frequency of codetections hinders identification of the agent responsible for the current respiratory symptomatology. Immunocompromised patients are the target population in whom to investigate the presence of respiratory viruses in their BAL samples.
Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes for organ development and cell‐free therapy
Authors: Shi Xin , Jiang Nan , Mao Jing , Luo Dan , Liu Yan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExosomes are nanosized membrane‐bound extracellular vesicles with the capacity to modify functions and behaviors of recipient cells via transferring unique biological information. Mounting evidence suggests that under developmental conditions, mesenchymal cell‐derived exosomes are capable of mediating intercellular communication between epithelium and mesenchyme during organogenesis of salivary gland, tooth, hair follicle, and kidney, shedding light on potential therapeutic benefits elicited by mesenchymal exosomes in nanomedicine. Representing the most extensively investigated multipotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been identified and extracted from a wide variety of tissues. Accordingly, exosomes derived from MSCs (MSC‐Exos) can be easily accessed and manipulated as nanoparticles, giving rise to an entirely new therapeutic agents for nanomedicine. MSC‐Exos have presently emerged as efficacious alternatives to MSCs for cell‐free therapeutic strategies in disease contexts of ischemic heart disease, cutaneous wound healing and coronavirus disease 2019. In this review, we first present a critical analysis of research state of exosomes in terms of their biogenesis, molecular composition, isolation and characterization, then summarize current understanding of developmental regulation mediated by mesenchymal cell‐derived exosomes and reparative potential conferred by MSC‐Exos, along with particular emphasis on the underlying mechanisms of action and commentary on the major outstanding issues faced with MSC‐Exos.