bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometric variations associated with posterior communicating artery aneurysms
Authors: Zhang Jian , Can Anil , Lai Pui Man Rosalind , Mukundan, Jr. Srinivasan , Castro Victor M , Dligach Dmitriy , Finan Sean , Gainer Vivian , Shadick Nancy , Savova Guergana , Murphy Shawn N , Cai Tianxi , Weiss Scott T , Du Rose 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundHemodynamic stress, conditioned by the morphology of the surrounding vasculature, plays an important role in aneurysm formation. Our goal was to identify image-based location-specific parameters that are associated with posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysms.MethodsThree-dimensional morphological parameters obtained from CT angiography or digital subtraction angiography from 187 patients with unilateral PCoA aneurysms, diagnosed at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital between 1990 and 2016, were evaluated. In order to control for genetic and clinical risk factors, we chose the contralateral unaffected PCoA as a control group. We examined diameters and angles of the surrounding parent and daughter vessels. Univariable and multivariable statistical analyses were performed to determine statistical significance. Sensitivity analyses with small aneurysms (≤5 mm) only and an unmatched analysis of 432 PCoA aneurysms and 197 control patients without PCoA aneurysms were also performed.ResultsIn a multivariable conditional logistic regression model we showed that smaller diameter size ratio (OR 1.45×10−5, 95% CI 1.12×10−7to 1.88×10−3) and larger daughter-daughter angle (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.07) were significantly associated with PCoA aneurysm presence after correcting for other variables. In subgroup analyses of small aneurysms (≤5 mm) and in an unmatched analysis the significance and direction of these results were preserved.ConclusionsLarger daughter-daughter angles and smaller diameter size ratio are significantly associated with the presence of PCoA aneurysms. These simple parameters can be utilized to guide the risk assessment for the formation of PCoA aneurysms in high risk patients.
Association of device type, flavours and vaping behaviour with tobacco product transitions among adult electronic cigarette users in the USA
Authors: Harlow Alyssa F , Fetterman Jessica L , Ross Craig S , Robertson Rose Marie , Bhatnagar Aruni , Benjamin Emelia J , Stokes Andrew C 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundFew studies assess whether electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) device characteristics or flavours impact longitudinal patterns of cigarette and e-cigarette use.DesignWe examined data from waves 2–4 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (2014–2018). Among adult (≥18 years) current e-cigarette users at wave 2 who were current smokers (dual users; n=1759) and former smokers (exclusive e-cigarette users; n=470), we classified participants into four use patterns at wave 3 (~12 months later) and wave 4 (~24 months later): (1) dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes; (2) exclusive cigarette smoking; (3) exclusive e-cigarette use; (4) non-use of both products. We used multinomial logistic regression to assess correlates of changing use patterns at 24 months, relative to no change, adjusting for sociodemographic factors.ResultsAt 24 months, 26.5% of baseline exclusive e-cigarette users, and 9% of baseline dual users, abstained from both vaping and smoking. Participants who vaped non-tobacco flavours (vs tobacco flavours), and used refillable tank or modifiable devices (vs disposable, cartridges and other devices) were less likely to transition to non-use of both products and to exclusive cigarette smoking. Baseline daily vaping (vs non-daily) was positively associated with exclusive e-cigarette use at 24 months for baseline daily cigarette smokers, but negatively associated with exclusive e-cigarette use and non-use of both products at 24 months for baseline non-daily smokers.ConclusionsNon-tobacco flavours, daily vaping and modifiable e-cigarette devices may help some smokers abstain from cigarette smoking via transitioning to exclusive e-cigarette use, but are also associated with ongoing exclusive e-cigarette use.
Linking demographic transitions to population dynamics in a fluctuating environment
Authors: Gatto John V. , Kline Jeffrey L. , Loftus William F. , Trexler Joel C. 
Published: January 2021

Recruitment has been linked to decreases in the ratio of age-specific mortality (M′) to mass-specific growth (G′), and year-class strength may be predicted by the age when M′/G′ = 1. Hydrological stress adversely affects these parameters for species inhabiting floodplains; however, the relationship between M′ and G′ in hydrologically variable environments is poorly understood. We evaluated age-specific mortality for six species from a 20-year time series and growth curves from otolith length-at-age data. We assessed the effect of hydrology on the transitional age (age M′/G′ = 1) at 21 sites representing a hydrological gradient. Disturbance intensity influenced age-specific mortality but had no effect on mass-specific growth. The transitional age was inversely correlated with annual density, but weakly associated with population biomass. Hydrological disturbance shifted the transitional age to older ages, reducing recruitment overall. We demonstrated that the M′/G′ transition was affected adversely by hydrological stress and can be applied to a diverse group of taxa. Growth, survivorship, and the transitional age should be evaluated to improve population modelling efforts used to predict the influence of future restoration actions.
Interior solutions of relativistic stars with anisotropic matter in scale-dependent gravity
Authors: Panotopoulos Grigoris , Rincón Ángel , Lopes Ilídio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe obtain well behaved interior solutions describing hydrostatic equilibrium of anisotropic relativistic stars in scale-dependent gravity, where Newton’s constant is allowed to vary with the radial coordinate throughout the star. Assuming (1) a linear equation-of-state in the MIT bag model for quark matter, and (2) a certain profile for the energy density, we integrate numerically the generalized structure equations, and we compute the basic properties of the strange quark stars, such as mass, radius and compactness. Finally, we demonstrate that stability criteria as well as the energy conditions are fulfilled. Our results show that a decreasing Newton’s constant throughout the objects leads to slightly more massive and more compact stars.
Wudalianchi volcanic field, NE China: tectonic setting, eruptive history, and geophysical insights
Authors: Chen Zhengquan , Zhao Yongwei , Bai Xiang , Wei Wei , Liu Yongshun , Bai Zhida 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Combined geological, geochronological and geophysical data demonstrate that the evolution of the Wudalianchi volcanic field is closely linked to the most recent tectonic movements affecting the Songliao Basin, driven by dynamics associated with the subducting slab of the Pacific Plate. Intense volcanic activity has occurred in the Wudalianchi since the middle Pleistocene, including historical eruptions in 1720, 1721 and 1776. Together with radiometric age data, variations in the geomorphology of the volcanic cones reflect the effects of multiple eruptions at the same locations but during different periods. Geophysical data – including seismic images, tomography and magneto-telluric profiles – suggest the existence of subsurface low-resistivity bodies beneath some of the volcanoes, posing the potential that these could reactivate and erupt again in the future. To better characterize and elucidate the magmatic and volcanic processes operative in the Wudalianchi volcanic field over geological time, it is essential to conduct systematic geochemical and isotopic studies of many more samples of eruptive product, especially those from the older, single volcanoes.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Heterogeneity of Vascular Cells in Early Stage Murine Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm—Brief Report
Authors: Yang Huan , Zhou Ting , Stranz Amelia , DeRoo Elise , Liu Bo 
Published: January 2021

Objective:
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening vascular disease characterized by smooth muscle cell depletion, ECM (extracellular matrix) degradation, and infiltration of immune cells. The cellular and molecular profiles that govern the heterogeneity of the AAA aorta are yet to be elucidated.

Approach and Results:

We performed single-cell RNA sequencing on mouse AAA tissues. AAA was induced in C57BL/6J mice by perivascular application of CaCl
2
. Unbiased clustering identified 12 distinct populations of 8 cell types. Percentages of each population and gene expression were compared between sham and AAA tissue. Furthermore, we characterized the transcriptional profiles and potential functional features of populations in smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages and revealed the unique regulons in each cell type.

Conclusions:
Together, these data provide high-resolution insight into the complexity and heterogeneity of mouse AAA and indicate that populations within major cell types such as smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages may contribute differently to AAA pathogenesis.

Graphic Abstract:
A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Developing and Optimizing Innovative Tools to Address Familial Hypercholesterolemia Underdiagnosis
Authors: Campbell-Salome Gemme , Jones Laney K. , Masnick Max F. , Walton Nephi A. , Ahmed Catherine D. , Buchanan Adam H. , Brangan Andrew , Esplin Edward D. , Kann David G. , Ladd Ilene G. , Kelly Melissa A. , Kindt Iris , Kirchner H. Lester , McGowan Mary P. , McMinn Megan N. , Morales Ana , Myers Kelly D. , Oetjens Matthew T. , Rahm Alanna Kulchak , Schmidlen Tara J. , Sheldon Amanda , Simmons Emilie , Snir Moran , Strande Natasha T. , Walters Nicole L. , Wilemon Katherine , Williams Marc S. , Gidding Samuel S. , Sturm Amy C. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is the most common cardiovascular genetic disorder and, if left untreated, is associated with increased risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Although FH is common, fatal, and treatable, it is underdiagnosed and undertreated due to a lack of systematic methods to identify individuals with FH and limited uptake of cascade testing.

Methods and Results:
This mixed-method, multi-stage study will optimize, test, and implement innovative approaches for both FH identification and cascade testing in 3 aims. To improve identification of individuals with FH, in Aim 1, we will compare and refine automated phenotype-based and genomic approaches to identify individuals likely to have FH. To improve cascade testing uptake for at-risk individuals, in Aim 2, we will use a patient-centered design thinking process to optimize and develop novel, active family communication methods. Using a prospective, observational pragmatic trial, we will assess uptake and effectiveness of each family communication method on cascade testing. Guided by an implementation science framework, in Aim 3, we will develop a comprehensive guide to identify individuals with FH. Using the Conceptual Model for Implementation Research, we will evaluate implementation outcomes including feasibility, acceptability, and perceived sustainability as well as health outcomes related to the optimized methods and tools developed in Aims 1 and 2.

Conclusions:
Data generated from this study will address barriers and gaps in care related to underdiagnosis of FH by developing and optimizing tools to improve FH identification and cascade testing.
Exercise Ventricular Rates, Cardiopulmonary Exercise Performance, and Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Elshazly Mohamed B. , Wilkoff Bruce L. , Tarakji Khaldoun , Wu Yuping , Donnellan Eoin , Abi Khalil Charbel , Asaad Nidal , Jaber Wael , Wazni Oussama , Cho Leslie 
Published: January 2021

Background:
In heart failure (HF) with sinus rhythm, resting and exercise heart rates correlate with exercise capacity and mortality. However, in HF with atrial fibrillation (AF), this correlation is unknown. Our aim is to investigate the association of resting and exercise ventricular rates (VRs) with exercise capacity and mortality in HF with AF.

Methods:

We identified 903 patients with HF and AF referred for cardiopulmonary stress testing. AF was defined as history of AF and AF during cardiopulmonary stress testing. We constructed multivariable models to evaluate the association of resting VR, peak exercise VR, VR reserve (peak VR−resting VR), and chronotropic index with (1) peak oxygen consumption (PVO
2
) ≤18 mL/kg per minute, (2) continuous PVO
2
, and (3) 10-year all-cause mortality.

Results:

Median (25th–75th percentile) age was 60 (52–67) years, left ventricular ejection fraction was 25 (15–50)%, and 76.1% were males. Patients with lower (quartile 1) compared with higher (quartile 4) peak VR, VR reserve, and chronotropic index were more likely to have PVO
2
≤18 mL/kg per min (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI]: 14.92 [8.07–27.58], 24.60 [12.36–48.98], and 22.31 [11.24–44.27], respectively), and higher all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 2.56 [1.62–4.04], 2.29 [1.47–3.59], and 2.30 [1.51–3.49], respectively). For every 10 beats per minute increase in VR reserve, PVO
2
increased by 1.05 mL/kg per minute (B-coefficient [95% CI]: 1.05 [0.94–1.15]) and mortality decreased by 12% (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.88 [0.83–0.94]). Resting VR was associated with PVO
2
(B-coefficient [95% CI]: −0.46 [−0.70 to −0.23]) but not mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [95% CI]: 0.97 [0.88–1.06]).

Conclusions:
In patients with HF and AF, higher resting VR and lower peak exercise VR, VR reserve, and chronotropic index were all associated with worse peak exercise capacity, but only lower exercise VR parameters were associated with higher mortality. Dedicated studies are needed to gauge whether modulating exercise VR enhances exercise performance and outcomes.
Diagnostic Performance of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Strategies and Clinical Variables in a Multisite US Cohort
Authors: Allen Brandon R. , Christenson Robert H. , Cohen Scott A. , Nowak Richard , Wilkerson R. Gentry , Mumma Bryn , Madsen Troy , McCord James , Huis in’t Veld Maite , Massoomi Michael , Stopyra Jason P. , Montero Cindy , Weaver Michael T. , Yang Kai , Mahler Simon A. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
European data support the use of low high-sensitivity troponin (hs-cTn) measurements or a 0/1-hour (0/1-h) algorithm for myocardial infarction to exclude major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) among patients in the emergency department with possible acute coronary syndrome. However, modest US data exist to validate these strategies. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of an initial hs-cTnT measure below the limit of quantification (LOQ: 6 ng/L), a 0/1-h algorithm, and their combination with history, ECG, age, risk factors, and initial troponin (HEART) scores for excluding MACE in a multisite US cohort.

Methods:
A prospective cohort study was conducted at 8 US sites, enrolling adult patients in the emergency department with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome and without ST-elevation on ECG. Baseline and 1-hour blood samples were collected, and hs-cTnT (Roche; Basel, Switzerland) was measured. Treating providers blinded to hs-cTnT results prospectively calculated HEART scores. MACE (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and coronary revascularization) at 30 days was adjudicated. The proportion of patients with initial hs-cTnT measures below the LOQ and risk according to a 0/1-h algorithm was determined. The negative predictive value (NPV) was calculated for both strategies when used alone or with a HEART score.

Results:
Among 1462 participants with initial hs-cTnT measures, 46.4% (678 of 1462) were women and 37.1% (542 of 1462) were Black with an age of 57.6±12.9 (mean±SD) years. MACEs at 30 days occurred in 14.4% (210 of 1462) of participants. Initial hs-cTnT measures below the LOQ occurred in 32.8% (479 of 1462), yielding an NPV of 98.3% (95% CI, 96.7–99.3) for 30-day MACEs. A low-risk HEART score with an initial hs-cTnT below the LOQ occurred in 20.1% (294 of 1462), yielding an NPV of 99.0% (95% CI, 97.0–99.8) for 30-day MACEs. A 0/1-h algorithm was complete in 1430 patients, ruling out 57.8% (826 of 1430) with an NPV of 97.2% (95% CI, 95.9–98.2) for 30-day MACEs. Adding a low HEART score to the 0/1-h algorithm ruled out 30.8% (441 of 1430) with an NPV of 98.4% (95% CI, 96.8–99.4) for 30-day MACEs.

Conclusions:
In a prospective multisite US cohort, an initial hs-cTnT below the LOQ combined with a low-risk HEART score has a 99% NPV for 30-day MACEs. The 0/1-h hs-cTnT algorithm did not achieve an NPV >99% for 30-day MACEs when used alone or with a HEART score.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02984436.
Maximizing Drift Is Not Optimal for Solving OneMax
Authors: Buskulic Nathan , Doerr Carola 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It seems very intuitive that for the maximization of the OneMax problem Om(x):=∑i=1nxi the best that an elitist unary unbiased search algorithm can do is to store a best so far solution, and to modify it with the operator that yields the best possible expected progress in function value. This assumption has been implicitly used in several empirical works. In Doerr et al. (2020), it was formally proven that this approach is indeed almost optimal. In this work, we prove that drift maximization is not optimal. More precisely, we show that for most fitness levels between n/2 and 2n/3 the optimal mutation strengths are larger than the drift-maximizing ones. This implies that the optimal RLS is more risk-affine than the variant maximizing the stepwise expected progress. We show similar results for the mutation rates of the classic (1+1) Evolutionary Algorithm (EA) and its resampling variant, the (1+1) EA&gt;0. As a result of independent interest we show that the optimal mutation strengths, unlike the drift-maximizing ones, can be even.
Rule Perseveration during Task-Switching in Brain Tumor: A Severe Form of Task-Setting Impairment
Authors: Arbula Sandra , Della Puppa Alessandro , De Pellegrin Serena , Denaro Luca , D'Avella Domenico , Semenza Carlo , Corbetta Maurizio , Vallesi Antonino 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
It has been proposed that at least two distinct processes are engaged during task-switching: reconfiguration of the currently relevant task-set and interference resolution arising from the competing task-set. Whereas in healthy individuals the two are difficult to disentangle, their disruption is thought to cause different impairments in brain-damaged patients. Yet, the observed deficits are inconsistent across studies and do not allow drawing conclusions regarding their independence. Forty-one brain tumor patients were tested on a task-switching paradigm. We compared their performance between switch and repeat trials (switch cost) to assess rule reconfiguration, and between trials requiring the same response (congruent) and a different response for the two tasks (incongruent) to assess interference control. In line with previous studies, we found the greatest proportion of errors on incongruent trials, suggesting an interference control impairment. However, a closer look at the distribution of errors between two task rules revealed a rule perseveration impairment: Patients with high error rate on incongruent trials often applied only one task rule throughout the task and less frequently switched to the alternative one. Multivariate lesion-symptom mapping analysis unveiled the relationship between lesions localized in left orbitofrontal and posterior subcortical regions and perseveration scores, measured as absolute difference in accuracy between two task rules. This finding points to a more severe task-setting impairment, not reflected as a mere switching deficit, but instead as a difficulty in creating multiple stable task representations, in line with recent accounts of OFC functions suggesting its critical role in representing task states.
Introduction to the Italian translation of Fredric Jameson’s Marxism and Form
Authors: Fortini Franco , Alberto Toscano 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This text is essayist, critic and poet Franco Fortini’s introduction to the Italian translation of Fredric Jameson’s Marxism and Form. Fortini frames his assessment of Jameson in terms of a contrast with the Italian reception of the dialectical criticism assayed in Marxism and Form.
Philosophy, Religion, and Heterodoxy in the Philosophy of Henry More, Ralph Cudworth, and Anne Conway
Authors: Hutton Sarah 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Philosophers who hold the compatibility of reason and faith, are vulnerable to the charge of opening the way to atheism and heterodoxy. This danger was particularly acute when, in the wake of Cartesianism, the philosophy of Spinoza and Hobbes necessitated a resetting of the relationship of philosophy with religion. My paper discusses three English philosophers who illustrate the difficulties for the philosophical defence for religion: Henry More, Ralph Cudworth, and Anne Conway, for all of whom philosophical and religious truth were deeply intertwined. But each of them also subscribed to heterodox religious beliefs. This raises questions of whether there is a direct the relationship between their philosophy and religious heterodoxy—whether they exemplify the charge that philosophy undermines religion, or indeed whether their defence of religion was a cover for heterodoxy.
Analyticity and modulation
Authors: Pistoia-Reda Salvatore , Sauerland Uli 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Acceptable analyticities, i.e. contradictions or tautologies, constitute problematic evidence for the idea that language includes a deductive system. In recent discussion, two accounts have been presented in the literature to explain the available evidence. According to one of the accounts, grammatical analyticities are accessible to the system but a pragmatic strengthening repair mechanism can apply and prevent the structures from being actually interpreted as contradictions or tautologies. The proposed data, however, leaves it open whether other versions of the meaning modulation operation are required. Novel evidence we present argues that a loosening version of the repair mechanism must be available. Our observation concerns acceptable lexical contradictions that cannot be rescued if only a strengthening version of the pragmatic strategy is available.