bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Komunikacja językowa w osiemnastowiecznych francuskich wyprawach naukowych do Laponii, Peru i Afryki Południowej
Authors: Chrobak Marzena 
Published: December 2021

Interlingual Communication during French Scientific Expeditions to Lappland, Peru and South Africa in the 18th Century
In this paper, I try to outline the image of the interlingual communication during scientific expeditions by detecting and analysing remarks about such instances in the narratives by the expeditions’ commanders. I analyse a narrative of Maupertuis on his geodesic mission to Lappland (1734- 1735), two narratives of La Condamine on his geodesic mission to Peru (1735-1743), and two narratives of Le Vaillant on his travels across South Africa (1781-1784). During his short stay in Lappland, Maupertuis was assisted by a Swedish astronomer and by a Laponian, both speaking French and Finnish. La Condamine and Le Vaillant learned local languages (Spanish, Quechua; Hottentot, Namaqua) in order to eliminate the intermediation of an interpreter. In linguistically fragmented areas, they worked with random natural interpreters. French scientists also made use of the native inhabitants’ familiarity with European languages: official languages of the colonies (Spanish in Peru, Dutch in South Africa) and French, the language of social, cultural and scientific discourse in the 18th century, which they acquired for pleasure.
Adverse events following the first dose of Covishield (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccination among health workers in selected districts of central and western Nepal: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Subedi Prativa , Yadav Gopal Kumar , Paudel Binod , Regmi Anu , Pyakurel Prajjwal 
Published: December 2021

Introduction
The study aimed at exploring the adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and their incidences among health workers in three different districts of central and western Nepal following the first dose of Covishield vaccine,. It also aimed at studying the association of AEFI with demographic and clinical characteristics of vaccinees, pre-vaccination anxiety level and prior history of COVID-19 infection (RT- PCR confirmed) status.

Materials and methods
This was a cross-sectional study carried out via face-to-face or telephonic interview among 1006 health workers one week after receiving their first dose of the Covishield vaccine. Incidence of adverse events was calculated in percentage while Chi-square Test was used to check the association of AEFI with independent variables. Logistic regression was used to find out the adjusted odd’s ratio at 95% CI.

Results
Incidence of AEFI was 79.8% with local and systemic AEFI being 68.0% and 59.7% respectively. Injection site tenderness was the commonest manifestation. Local and systemic symptoms resolved in less than one week among 96.8% and 98.7% vaccinees respectively. Females were more likely to develop AEFI than males (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.2–2.4). Vaccinees aged 45–59 years were 50% less likely to develop AEFI as compared to those aged less than 30 years (AOR 0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–0.8). Most of the vaccinees had not undergone RT-PCR testing for COVID-19 (59.8%). Those who were not tested for COVID-19 prior were 1.5 odds more likely to develop AEFI compared to those who were negative (AOR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–2.1).

Conclusion
More than two-third of the vaccinees developed one or more forms of adverse events, but most events were self-limiting. Females and young adults were more prone to develop AEFI.
Time trends, factors associated with, and reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A massive online survey of US adults from January-May 2021
Authors: King Wendy C. , Rubinstein Max , Reinhart Alex , Mejia Robin 
Published: December 2021

Importance
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy has become a leading barrier to increasing the US vaccination rate.

Objective
To evaluate time trends in COVID-19 vaccine intent during the US vaccine rollout, and identify key factors related to and self-reported reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in May 2021.

Design, participants and setting
A COVID-19 survey was offered to US adult Facebook users in several languages yielding 5,088,772 qualifying responses from January 6 to May 31, 2021. Data was aggregated by month. Survey weights matched the sample to the age, gender, and state profile of the US population.

Exposure
Demographics, geographic factors, political/COVID-19 environment, health status, beliefs, and behaviors.

Main outcome measures
“If a vaccine to prevent COVID-19 were offered to you today, would you choose to get vaccinated.” Hesitant was defined as responding probably or definitely would not choose to get vaccinated (versus probably or definitely would, or already vaccinated).

Results
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy decreased by one-third from 25.4% (95%CI, 25.3, 25.5) in January to 16.6% (95% CI, 16.4, 16.7) in May, with relatively large decreases among participants with Black, Pacific Islander or Hispanic race/ethnicity and ≤high school education. Independent risk factors for vaccine hesitancy in May (N = 525,644) included younger age, non-Asian race, < 4 year college degree, living in a more rural county, living in a county with higher Trump vote share in the 2020 election, lack of worry about COVID-19, working outside the home, never intentionally avoiding contact with others, and no past-year flu vaccine. Differences in hesitancy by race/ethnicity varied by age (e.g., Black adults more hesitant than White adults <35 years old, but less hesitant among adults ≥45 years old). Differences in hesitancy by age varied by race/ethnicity. Almost half of vaccine hesitant respondents reported fear of side effects (49.2% [95%CI, 48.7, 49.7]) and not trusting the COVID-19 vaccine (48.4% [95%CI, 48.0, 48.9]); over one-third reported not trusting the government, not needing the vaccine, and waiting to see if safe. Reasons differed by degree of vaccine intent and by race/ethnicity.

Conclusion
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy varied by demographics, geography, beliefs, and behaviors, indicating a need for a range of messaging and policy options to target high-hesitancy groups.
Abdominal pain and cirrhosis at diagnosis of hemochromatosis: Analysis of 219 referred probands with HFE p.C282Y homozygosity and a literature review
Authors: Barton James C. , Barton J. Clayborn , Patel Neha , McLaren Gordon D. 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundIn hemochromatosis, causes of abdominal pain and its associations with cirrhosis are poorly understood.MethodsWe retrospectively compared characteristics of referred hemochromatosis probands withHFEp.C282Y homozygosity with/without biopsy-proven cirrhosis: sex, age, diabetes, heavy alcohol consumption, abdominal pain/tenderness, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic viral hepatitis, ascites, transferrin saturation (TS), serum ferritin (SF), and iron removed by phlebotomy (QFe). We performed logistic regression on cirrhosis using characteristics identified in univariate comparisons. We performed computerized and manual searches to identify hemochromatosis case series and compiled prevalence data on cirrhosis and abdominal pain and causes of abdominal pain.ResultsOf 219 probands, 57.1% were men. Mean age was 48±13 y. In 22 probands with cirrhosis, proportions of men, mean age, prevalences of heavy alcohol consumption, abdominal pain, abdominal tenderness, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and chronic viral hepatitis, and median TS, SF, and QFe were significantly greater than in probands without cirrhosis. Regression analysis revealed three associations with cirrhosis: abdominal pain (p = 0.0292; odds ratio 9.8 (95% CI: 1.2, 76.9)); chronic viral hepatitis (p = 0.0153; 11.5 (95% CI: 1.6, 83.3)); and QFe (p = 0.0009; 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1, 1.3)). Of eight probands with abdominal pain, five had cirrhosis and four had diabetes. One proband each with abdominal pain had heavy alcohol consumption, chronic viral hepatitis B, hepatic sarcoidosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, and sigmoid diverticulitis. Abdominal pain was alleviated after phlebotomy alone in four probands. In 12 previous reports (1935–2011), there was a negative correlation of cirrhosis prevalence and publication year (p = 0.0033). In 11 previous reports (1935–1996), a positive association of abdominal pain prevalence and publication year was not significant (p = 0.0802).ConclusionsAbdominal pain, chronic viral hepatitis, and QFe are significantly associated with cirrhosis in referred hemochromatosis probands withHFEp.C282Y homozygosity. Iron-related and non-iron-related factors contribute to the occurrence of abdominal pain.
Statistical estimates of multiple transcription factors binding in the model plant genomes based on ChIP-seq data
Authors: Dergilev Arthur I. , Orlova Nina G. , Dobrovolskaya Oxana B. , Orlov Yuriy L. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The development of high-throughput genomic sequencing coupled with chromatin immunoprecipitation technologies allows studying the binding sites of the protein transcription factors (TF) in the genome scale. The growth of data volume on the experimentally determined binding sites raises qualitatively new problems for the analysis of gene expression regulation, prediction of transcription factors target genes, and regulatory gene networks reconstruction. Genome regulation remains an insufficiently studied though plants have complex molecular regulatory mechanisms of gene expression and response to environmental stresses. It is important to develop new software tools for the analysis of the TF binding sites location and their clustering in the plant genomes, visualization, and the following statistical estimates. This study presents application of the analysis of multiple TF binding profiles in three evolutionarily distant model plant organisms. The construction and analysis of non-random ChIP-seq binding clusters of the different TFs in mammalian embryonic stem cells were discussed earlier using similar bioinformatics approaches. Such clusters of TF binding sites may indicate the gene regulatory regions, enhancers and gene transcription regulatory hubs. It can be used for analysis of the gene promoters as well as a background for transcription networks reconstruction. We discuss the statistical estimates of the TF binding sites clusters in the model plant genomes. The distributions of the number of different TFs per binding cluster follow same power law distribution for all the genomes studied. The binding clusters in Arabidopsis thaliana genome were discussed here in detail.
The effects of bending on plasmonic modes in nanowires and planar structures
Authors: Bellido Edson P. , Bicket Isobel C. , Botton Gianluigi A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this work, we investigate the effects of bends on the surface plasmon resonances in nanowires (NWs) and isolated edges of planar structures using electron energy loss spectroscopy experiments and theoretical calculations. Previous work showed that the sharp bends in NWs do not affect their resonant modes. Here, we study previously overlooked effects and analyze systematically the evolution of resonant modes for several bending angles from 30° to 180°, showing that bending can have a significant effect on the plasmonic response of a nanostructure. In NWs, the modes can experience significant energy shifts that depend on the aspect ratio of the NW and can cause mode intersection and antinode bunching. We establish the relation between NW modes and edge modes and show that bending can even induce antinode splitting in edge modes. This work demonstrates that bends in plasmonic planar nanostructures can have a profound effect on their optical response and this must be accounted for in the design of optical devices.
Biosynthesis and characterization of Saudi propolis-mediated silver nanoparticles and their biological properties
Authors: Al-Fakeh Maged S. , Osman Samir , Gassoumi Malek , Rabhi Mokded , Omer Mohamed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to synthesize propolis-mediated silver nanoparticles (Pro-AgNPs) and to test their biological activities in comparison with the raw materials (Saudi propolis). The chemical–physical characterization of the product showed that Pro-AgNPs were well synthesized. For the study of biological properties, aqueous and methanolic extracts were prepared from both propolis and Pro-AgNPs. Total polyphenol contents (TPCs) and antiradical activities showed their highest values in methanolic extracts, in particular in propolis extract. But, a higher TPC was found in Pro-AgNP aqueous extract as compared to propolis aqueous extract. It seems that Pro-AgNP synthesis helped extract more phenolic compounds with water. These compounds did not enhance antiradical activity in Pro-AgNP aqueous extract but increased its antibacterial activity.
Effects of different exercise loads on serum betatrophin (ANGPTL-8/lipasin) and cartonectin (CTRP-3) levels in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Karaman Muhammed Emre , Arslan Cengiz , Gürsu Mehmet Ferit 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The number of studies examining the circulating level change of betatrophin and cartonectin in metabolic syndrome applying different loads of exercise is limited. The purpose of the present study was to investigate how different loads of exercises regulate the betatrophin and cartonectin levels in metabolic syndrome induced rats.

Methods
A total of 24 Wistar-Albino male rats were used in the study. Rats were divided into four groups as follows; G1: control group (fed with standard diet and tap water), G2: metabolic syndrome group (without exercise application), G3: metabolic syndrome + aerobic exercise group (aerobic exercise applied), G4: metabolic syndrome + anaerobic exercise group (anaerobic exercise applied). Betatrophin and Cartonectin levels were determined by ELISA method in serum samples.

Results
There was a statistically significant difference in betatrophin levels between the groups and this differentiation was caused by G2 (p <0.05). Cartonectin levels were not significantly different between groups (p> 0.05).

Conclusions
It can be concluded that anaerobic exercises have more positive effects on glucose balance in metabolic syndrome than aerobic exercises, and by regulating betatrophin levels, anaerobic exercises indicate this effect.
Task Modulation of Single-Neuron Activity in the Human Amygdala and Hippocampus
Authors: Cao Runnan , Todorov Alexander , Brandmeir Nicholas J. , Wang Shuo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe human amygdala and hippocampus are critically involved in various processes in face perception. However, it remains unclear how task demands or evaluative contexts modulate processes underlying face perception. In this study, we employed two task instructions when participants viewed the same faces and recorded single-neuron activity from the human amygdala and hippocampus. We comprehensively analyzed task modulation for three key aspects of face processing and we found that neurons in the amygdala and hippocampus (1) encoded high-level social traits such as perceived facial trustworthiness and dominance and this response was modulated by task instructions; (2) encoded low-level facial features and demonstrated region-based feature coding, which was not modulated by task instructions; and (3) encoded fixations on salient face parts such as the eyes and mouth, which was not modulated by task instructions. Together, our results provide a comprehensive survey of task modulation of neural processes underlying face perception at the single-neuron level in the human amygdala and hippocampus.
Knowledge and Attitudes about Nutrition related to Snacking Practices in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Students
Authors: Lestari Puji , Octavia Zana Fitriana 
Published: December 2021

Background: Snacks in students' social life are a means of socializing students with their friends. Students tend to consume less nutritious food. The practice of this student snack begins with the attitude of the students, which begins with the students' knowledge of nutrition. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge and attitudes about nutrition on students' snacking practice. Methods: This study is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional research design. The research sample consisted of 133 students, who were students in grades 8 & 9 Mts Darul Ulum. Results: The results of the Spearman rho test, the relationship between nutritional knowledge and snacking practice (p = 0.084), the relationship between nutritional attitudes towards snacking practice (p = 0.013). Conclusion: Nutritional knowledge is not related to nutritional attitudes. Nutritional attitudes are related to snacking practices.
KEYWORDS: Nutrition Knowledge; Snack Attitude; Snack Practices
LA ACADEMIA OLÍMPICA COLOMBIANA: GÉNESIS Y EVOLUCIÓN 1992 – 2018
Authors: Contecha Carrillo Luis Felipe 
Published: December 2021

El escrito es la posibilidad de rendir un homenaje a sus fundadores y a la vez acopiar todas las acciones, procesos y programas en un documento que dé cuenta de la génesis y perpetúe la memoria de la Academia Olímpica Colombiana (AOC).
El documento, inicialmente da cuenta de la creación del Comité Olímpico Colombiano; posteriormente acomete una síntesis de la Academia Olímpica Internacional, posteriormente aborda los hechos y procesos que dieron vida a la Academia Olímpica Colombiana (AOC), desde sus dirigentes, sus acciones y programas. Posteriormente propende aunar todas las temáticas, lugares y fechas de realización de las sesiones, cátedras y tertulias olímpicas organizadas por la AOC.
Las fuentes para este trabajo fueron: periódicos nacionales, documentación de la biblioteca del Comité Olímpico Colombiano (COC), testimonios procedentes de entrevistas personales e información recogida en diálogos bajo entornos virtuales.
Digestive involvement in Long- COVID syndrome
Authors: Bogariu Alina M. , Dumitrascu Dan L. 
Published: December 2021

Background and aim. The SARS-CoV-2 infection which caused a worldwide epidemic was considered first a lung disease. Later on, it was found that the disease caused by this virus, SARS-CoV-2, can affect most organs, including the digestive system. The long-term effects of this infection are now progressively detected and called Long-COVID. This review aims is to present the updated knowledge of the digestive sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Methods. A search was performed in the main medical literature databases. The following search terms were used: long-covid, gastrointestinal or gastric sequelae SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Data on gastrointestinal symptoms after 12 weeks were collected and presented. Observational studies were included. Studies that focus only on acute COVID-19 infection (<4 weeks) were excluded.
Results. The main symptoms that can occur in the long term are: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, along with increased liver enzymes. Patients with chronic diseases have a higher risk of developing long-term sequelae, but it is not documented that digestive sequelae are influenced by the presence of chronic diseases.
Conclusions. The SARS-CoV-2 virus can affect any part of the digestive system not only in the acute infection phase but also for longer time, leaving long-term sequelae.
“This Is Our Bank”: Agricultural Associations and Their Role in Two Swabian Villages in Satu Mare From the Regime Change to the Present
Authors: Szilágyi Levente 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The study examines the impact of the agricultural associations of two Swabian settlements – Mezőfény (Foieni) and Mezőpetri (Petrești) – on the local economy and society. Agricultural associations played an important role at the beginning of the process of agrarian transformation after the regime change in Romania. The successor organisations of the socialist agricultural associations, now established on a voluntary basis, were able to counteract the impoverishment caused by the reparcelling or forced reparcelling of land during the long transitional period, while at the same time exploiting their monopoly position to prevent the emergence of individual and family farmers. The risk-averse, self-reliant economic model of the associations is reminiscent of the peasant, self-sufficient farm organisation. The associations can thus be seen as a very specific form of post-socialist post-peasant production systems.
Assessment of cold stress tolerance in maize through quantitative trait locus, genome-wide association study and transcriptome analysis
Authors: GILLANI Syed F.A. , RASHEED Adnan , YUHONG Gai , JIAN Wei , XIA Wang Y. , TARIQ Huma , ILYAS Muhammad , YUNLING Peng 
Published: December 2021

Genome-wide association study (GWAS) has become a widely accepted strategy for decoding genotype phenotype associations in many species thanks to advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. Maize is an ideal crop for GWAS and significant progress has been made in the last decade. This review summarizes current GWAS efforts in maize functional genomics research and discusses future prospects in the omics era. The general goal of GWAS is to link genotypic variations to corresponding differences in phenotype using the most appropriate statistical model in a given population. The current review also presents perspectives for optimizing GWAS design and analysis. GWAS analysis of data from RNA, protein, and metabolite-based omics studies is discussed, along with new models and new population designs that will identify causes of phenotypic variation that have been hidden to date. The detailed that low temperature in maize seedlings altogether restricts germination and seedlings' development and destabilizes the cancer prevention agent safeguard component. Cold pressure adversely influences root morphology, photosystem II (PS II) effectiveness, chlorophyll substance, and leaf region. A short scene of low temperature stress (for example, under 10 °C for 7 days) during the V6–V9 maize development stages can fundamentally defer the anthesis commencement. Among the morphological reactions by focused on maize plants, low temperature stress causes strange tuft development in maize, along these lines influencing the fertilization and grain filling measures. Hence, problematic temperatures can cause a genuine yield decrease if happening at basic conceptive stages, as plants allocate over half of their photosynthesis to foster grains during this stage until physiological development. Low temperature stress fundamentally diminishes the plant stature and absolute yield biomass of maize. Leaf improvement turns out to be delayed in chilly focused on plants because of a drawn-out cell cycle and diminished pace of mitosis. The joint and continuous efforts of the whole community will enhance our understanding of maize quantitative traits and boost crop molecular breeding designs.
The Use of Ateji as Figurative Speech in Japanese Song Lyrics
Authors: Ardisa Faustina , Novella Utari 
Published: December 2021

This study aims to analyze the types of ateji used in Japanese song lyrics, and to analyze ateji as a form of figurative speech by the semantic-semiotic connection between the words used in ateji’s writing and reading. Analysis is done qualitatively based on Shirose’s theory of ateji classification and Japan’s hiyu hyougen (figurative speech) theory. This research resulted in the finding of 4 ateji types in Japanese song lyrics, which are ateji for foreign words pronunciation, ateji for pronouns, ateji for replacing words, and ateji for words used in specific titles/works. The use of metaphor (in’yu), metonymy (kan’yu), and synecdoche (teiyu) are also found between the uses of ateji, based on the relation of the words in said ateji. The words can be linked through contextual relation, conceptual relation, or semantical relation. The connection of the words can also result in similar uses as other figurative speeches not included in Japanese’s hiyu hyougen, which indicated that ateji can be handled and understood as a general form of figurative speech in written Japanese language.