bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First proof-of-concept evaluation of the FUSION-X-US-II prototype for the performance of automated breast ultrasound in healthy volunteers
Authors: Schaefgen Benedikt , Juskic Marija , Hertel Madeleine , Barr Richard G. , Radicke Marcus , Stieber Anne , Hennigs André , Riedel Fabian , Sohn Christof , Heil Joerg , Golatta Michael 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The FUSION-X-US-II prototype was developed to combine 3D-automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and digital breast tomosynthesis in a single device without decompressing the breast. We evaluated the technical function, feasibility of the examination workflow, image quality, breast tissue coverage and patient comfort of the ABUS device of the new prototype.

Methods
In this prospective feasibility study, the FUSION-X-US-II prototype was used to perform ABUS in 30 healthy volunteers without history of breast cancer. The ABUS images of the prototype were interpreted by a physician with specialization in breast diagnostics. Any detected lesions were measured and classified using BI-RADS® scores. Image quality was rated subjectively by the physician and coverage of the breast was measured. Patient comfort was evaluated by a questionnaire after the examination.

Results
One hundred and six scans were performed (61 × CC, 23 × ML, 22 × MLO) in 60 breasts. Image acquisition and processing by the prototype was fast and accurate. Breast coverage by ABUS was approximately 90.8%. Sixteen breast lesions (all benign, classified as BIRADS® 2) were identified. The examination was tolerated by all patients.

Conclusion
The FUSION-X-US-II prototype allows a rapid ABUS scan with mostly high patient comfort. Technical developments resulted in an improvement of quality and coverage compared to previous prototype versions. The results are encouraging for a test of the prototype in a clinical setting in combination with tomosynthesis.
Preservation of nasal turbinates in endoscopic, anterior skull base surgery—yes, we can!
Authors: Wolf Axel , Andrianakis Alexandros , Tomazic Peter Valentin , Mokry Michael , Clarici Georg , Holl Etienne , Weiland Thomas , Kiss Peter , Vasicek Sarah , Brunner Anna , Lehner Christian , Schwarz Johannes , Gellner Verena 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
To evaluate the frequency, type and indications of nasal turbinate (NT) resection during endoscopic, anterior skull base surgery and to analyze factors that may have an impact on the need of NT removal.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, 306 subjects (150 males and 156 females, mean age 55.4 ± 15.3 years) who underwent multidisciplinary, transnasal, endoscopic tumor surgery of the anterior skull base using 4-handed techniques between 2011 and 2019 at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Graz, were included.

Results
In the majority of interventions (n = 281/306; 91.8%), all NT were preserved. Significant factors influencing the need of NT resections turned out to be type of endoscopic approach (p < 0.001; V = 0.304), sagittal (p = 0.003; d = 0.481) and transversal (p = 0.017; d = 0.533) tumor diameter, tumor type (p < 0.001; V = 0.355) and tumor location (p < 0.001; V = 0.324).

Conclusions
NT can be preserved in the majority of patients undergoing tumor resection in anterior, transnasal, skullbase surgery and routine resection of NT should be avoided. Variables that have an impact on the need of NT resections are types of endoscopic approaches, sagittal and transversal tumor extension and tumor type. These factors should be considered in planning of surgery and preoperative information of patients.
Inter-eye relationship of intraocular pressure change after unilateral trabeculectomy, filtering canaloplasty, or PreserFlo™ microshunt implantation
Authors: Aghayeva Fidan A. , Chronopoulos Panagiotis , Schuster Alexander K. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Hoffmann Esther M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
This study assesses short-term intraocular pressure (IOP) change in the fellow eye of glaucoma patients after mitomycin C–augmented trabeculectomy, filtering canaloplasty, or PreserFlo™ microshunt implantation in the treated eye.

Materials and methods
Retrospective chart review of 235 glaucoma patients (235 eyes) was performed. Patients underwent initial trabeculectomy (187 patients), filtering canaloplasty (25 patients), or PreserFlo™ microshunt implantation (23 patients) in one eye, while the fellow eye was naïve to any previous glaucoma surgery. IOP was evaluated before and on the 1st and 2nd days and at 1 week after surgery. Main outcome measure was IOP change in the fellow eye. Secondary outcomes were proportion of clinically significant IOP elevation in the fellow eye and evaluation of potential risk factors associated with postoperative IOP fluctuation.

Results
IOP in the fellow eye at 1 week after trabeculectomy was statistically significantly lower than preoperatively (p < 0.0001), while the IOP did not change significantly in the fellow eyes in filtering canaloplasty or PreserFlo groups. The higher the preoperative IOP was in the fellow eye, the larger was the intraocular pressure-lowering effect at 1 week after trabeculectomy (p < 0.0001). A clinically significant IOP elevation was noted in 14.2%, 9.5%, and 5% of fellow eyes after trabeculectomy, filtering canaloplasty, or PreserFlo™ microshunt implantation, respectively.

Conclusions
This study shows an IOP-lowering effect in the fellow eye of glaucoma patients after trabeculectomy. Significant IOP rise might occur in the fellow eye of some glaucoma patients after different types of glaucoma surgery.
Scleraxis expressing scleral cells respond to inflammatory stimulation
Authors: Atta Ghada , Schroedl Falk , Kaser-Eichberger Alexandra , Spitzer Gabriel , Traweger Andreas , Heindl Ludwig M. , Tempfer Herbert 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe sclera is an ocular tissue rich of collagenous extracellular matrix, which is built up and maintained by relatively few, still poorly characterized fibroblast-like cells. The aims of this study are to add to the characterization of scleral fibroblasts and to examine the reaction of these fibroblasts to inflammatory stimulation in an ex vivo organotypic model. Scleras of scleraxis-GFP (SCX-GFP) mice were analyzed using immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR for the expression of the tendon cell associated marker genes scleraxis (SCX), mohawk and tenomodulin. In organotypic tissue culture, explanted scleras of adult scleraxis GFP reporter mice were exposed to 10 ng/ml recombinant interleukin 1-ß (IL1-ß) and IL1-ß in combination with dexamethasone. The tissue was then analyzed by immunofluorescence staining of the inflammation- and fibrosis-associated proteins IL6, COX-2, iNOS, connective tissue growth factor, MMP2, MMP3, and MMP13 as well as for collagen fibre degradation using a Collagen Hybridizing Peptide (CHP) binding assay. The mouse sclera displayed a strong expression of scleraxis promoter-driven GFP, indicating a tendon cell-like phenotype, as well as expression of scleraxis, tenomodulin and mohawk mRNA. Upon IL1-ß stimulation, SCX-GFP+ cells significantly upregulated the expression of all proteins analysed. Moreover, IL1-ß stimulation resulted in significant collagen degradation. Adding the corticosteroid dexamethasone significantly reduced the response to IL1-ß stimulation. Collagen degradation was significantly enhanced in the IL1-ß group. Dexamethasone demonstrated a significant rescue effect. This work provides insights into the characteristics of scleral cells and establishes an ex vivo model of scleral inflammation.
Cocoa-flavanols enhance moderate-intensity pulmonary $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$ kinetics but not exercise tolerance in sedentary middle-aged adults
Authors: Sadler Daniel G. , Draijer Richard , Stewart Claire E. , Jones Helen , Marwood Simon , Thijssen Dick H. J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Cocoa flavanols (CF) may exert health benefits through their potent vasodilatory effects, which are perpetuated by elevations in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. These vasodilatory effects may contribute to improved delivery of blood and oxygen (O2) to exercising muscle.

Purpose
Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine how CF supplementation impacts pulmonary O2 uptake ($$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

) kinetics and exercise tolerance in sedentary middle-aged adults.

Methods
We employed a double-blind cross-over, placebo-controlled design whereby 17 participants (11 male, 6 female; mean ± SD, 45 ± 6 years) randomly received either 7 days of daily CF (400 mg) or placebo (PL) supplementation. On day 7, participants completed a series of ‘step’ moderate- and severe-intensity exercise tests for the determination of $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

kinetics.

Results
During moderate-intensity exercise, the time constant of the phase II $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

kinetics ($$\tau \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

τ

V
˙

O
2

) was decreased by 15% in CF as compared to PL (mean ± SD; PL 40 ± 12 s vs. CF 34 ± 9 s, P = 0.019), with no differences in the amplitude of $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

(A$$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

; PL 0.77 ± 0.32 l min−1 vs. CF 0.79 ± 0.34 l min−1, P = 0.263). However, during severe-intensity exercise, $$\tau \dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

τ

V
˙

O
2

, the amplitude of the slow component ($${\text{SC}}\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

SC

V
˙

O
2

) and exercise tolerance (PL 435 ± 58 s vs. CF 424 ± 47 s, P = 0.480) were unchanged between conditions.

Conclusion
Our data show that acute CF supplementation enhanced $$\dot{V}{\text{O}}_{2}$$

V
˙

O
2

kinetics during moderate-, but not severe-intensity exercise in middle-aged participants. These novel effects of CFs, in this demographic, may contribute to improved tolerance of moderate-activity physical activities, which appear commonly present in daily life.

Trial registration
Registered under ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier no. NCT04370353, 30/04/20 retrospectively registered
Aortic valve surgery: management and outcomes in the paediatric population
Authors: Zaidi Mariam , Premkumar Ganeshkumar , Naqvi Rimel , Khashkhusha Arwa , Aslam Zahra , Ali Adil , Tarmahomed Abdulla , Ashry Amr , Harky Amer 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCongenital anomalies of the aortic valve frequently necessitate intervention in childhood. The most common aortic valve pathologies present in childhood are aortic stenosis and insufficiency. Presentation of aortic valve disease depends on severity and presence of concomitant syndromes and valvular disorders. Treatment options are largely categorised as medical, percutaneous repair or surgical repair and replacement. Surgical techniques have been refined over the last few years making this the mainstay of treatment in paediatric cases. Whilst repair is considered in most instances before replacement, there are substantial limitations which are reflected in the frequency of reintervention and restenosis rate. Replacements are typically undertaken with tissue or mechanical prosthesis. The current gold-standard aortic valve replacement surgery is called the Ross procedure—where replacement is undertaken with a competent pulmonic valve and a simultaneous pulmonary homograft.Conclusion: In this review, we aim to outline the various surgical options and discuss efficacy and complications of various interventions.

What is Known: • Congenital aortic valve defects repair options medically and surgically

What is New: • Comparisons between surgical options for aortic valve repair including efficacy, risks and long-term outcomes.
Allelopathic and competitive interactions between native and alien plants
Authors: Yuan Ling , Li Jun-Min , Yu Fei-Hai , Oduor Ayub M. O. , van Kleunen Mark 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe novel-weapons and homeland-security hypotheses are based on the idea that aliens and natives are not adapted to each other’s allelochemicals as they did not co-evolve. However, as only a few studies have tested this, it remains unclear how important co-evolutionary history is in determining the strength of allelopathic interactions between aliens and natives. Here, we tested for potential pairwise allelopathic effects on each other of five alien and five native herbaceous species in China. We did a germination experiment and a competition experiment. In the germination experiment, we tested whether aqueous extracts of the ten study species had allelopathic effects on each other’s seed germination. In the competition experiment, we tested whether the alien and native species differed in their competitive effects and responses, and whether these were changed by the presence of activated carbon—a presumed allelopathy neutralizer– in the soil. Plant extracts had negative allelopathic effects on seed germination. This was particularly the case for extracts from the native species. Moreover, aqueous extracts had slightly stronger negative effects on germination of the aliens than on germination of the natives. In the competition experiment, on the other hand, the natives suffered more from competition than the alien species did, but we could not relate this to allelopathy. Alien plants had negative competitive and allelopathic effects on native plants, but the reverse was also true. These alien-native interactions, however, were not consistently stronger or weaker than native-native or alien-alien interactions.
Morphological and Elemental Investigations on Co–Fe–B–O Thin Films Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition for Alkaline Water Oxidation: Charge Exchange Efficiency as the Prevailing Factor in Comparison with the Adsorption Process
Authors: Popat Y. , Orlandi M. , Gupta S. , Bazzanella N. , Pillai S. , Patel M. K. , Miotello A. , Patel N. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Mixed transition-metals oxide electrocatalysts have shown huge potential for electrochemical water oxidation due to their earth abundance, low cost and excellent electrocatalytic activity. Here we present Co–Fe–B–O coatings as oxygen evolution catalyst synthesized by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) which provided flexibility to investigate the effect of morphology and structural transformation on the catalytic activity. As an unusual behaviour, nanomorphology of 3D-urchin-like particles assembled with crystallized CoFe2O4 nanowires, acquiring high surface area, displayed inferior performance as compared to core–shell particles with partially crystalline shell containing boron. The best electrochemical activity towards water oxidation in alkaline medium with an overpotential of 315 mV at 10 mA/cm2 along with a Tafel slope of 31.5 mV/dec was recorded with core–shell particle morphology. Systematic comparison with control samples highlighted the role of all the elements, with Co being the active element, boron prevents the complete oxidation of Co to form Co3+ active species (CoOOH), while Fe assists in reducing Co3+ to Co2+ so that these species are regenerated in the successive cycles. Thorough observation of results also indicates that the activity of the active sites play a dominating role in determining the performance of the electrocatalyst over the number of adsorption sites. The synthesized Co–Fe–B–O coatings displayed good stability and recyclability thereby showcasing potential for industrial applications.

Graphic Abstract
A polarized view of the hot and violent universe
Authors: Soffitta Paolo , Bucciantini Niccolo’ , Churazov Eugene , Costa Enrico , Dovciak Michal , Feng Hua , Heyl Jeremy , Ingram Adam , Jahoda Keith , Kaaret Philip , Kallman Timothy , Karas Vladimir , Khabibullin Ildar , Krawczynski Henric , Malzac Julien , Marin Frédéric , Marshall Herman , Matt Giorgio , Muleri Fabio , Mundell Carole , Pearce Mark , Petrucci Pierre-Olivier , Poutanen Juri , Romani Roger , Santangelo Andrea , Tagliaferri Gianpiero , Taverna Roberto , Turolla Roberto , Vink Jacco , Zane Silvia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractX-ray polarimetry has long been considered the ‘holy grail’ of X-ray astronomy. Fortunately, after a silence of more than 40 years, the field is now rejuvenating. In fact, an X-ray polarimeter onboard a Cube-sat nano-satellite has been recently successfully operated. IXPE, the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, will be launched in 2021 while eXTP, containing a larger version of IXPE, is expected to be launched in 2027. Although at present it is difficult to predict the discoveries that, given their exploratory nature, IXPE and eXTP will obtain, the path for a follow-up mission can already be envisaged. In this paper we describe the scientific goals of such a follow-up mission, and present a medium-size mission profile that can accomplish this task.
Academic freedom as a source of rights’ violations: a European perspective
Authors: Stachowiak-Kudła Monika 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe application of academic freedom may lead to a violation of individual rights, such as the right to respect private life or institutional rights such as university autonomy, or the right of the religious community to self-determination. These collisions between rights are resolved by constitutional courts either according to the proportionality test or by balancing the rights. This paper investigates cases from Czechia, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Spain, where academic freedom collided with other constitutional rights, in order to determine methods for resolving these types of conflicts. This analysis demonstrates the way in which proportionality allows the construction of the content of academic freedom. It also shows the reasons why academic freedom could become a weak right and why sometimes it is a strong right.
Development of an automated closed-loop β-blocker delivery system to stably reduce myocardial oxygen consumption without inducing circulatory collapse in a canine heart failure model: a proof of concept study
Authors: Nishikawa Takuya , Uemura Kazunori , Hayama Yohsuke , Kawada Toru , Saku Keita , Sugimachi Masaru 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBeta-blockers are well known to reduce myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) and improve the prognosis of heart failure (HF) patients. However, its negative chronotropic and inotropic effects limit their use in the acute phase of HF due to the risk of circulatory collapse. In this study, as a first step for a safe β-blocker administration strategy, we aimed to develop and evaluate the feasibility of an automated β-blocker administration system. We developed a system to monitor arterial pressure (AP), left atrial pressure (PLA), right atrial pressure, and cardiac output. Using negative feedback of hemodynamics, the system controls AP and PLA by administering landiolol (an ultra-short-acting β-blocker), dextran, and furosemide. We applied the system for 60 min to 6 mongrel dogs with rapid pacing-induced HF. In all dogs, the system automatically adjusted the doses of the drugs. Mean AP and mean PLA were controlled within the acceptable ranges (AP within 5 mmHg below target; PLA within 2 mmHg above target) more than 95% of the time. Median absolute performance error was small for AP [median (interquartile range), 3.1% (2.2–3.8)] and PLA [3.6% (2.2–5.7)]. The system decreased MVO2 and PLA significantly. We demonstrated the feasibility of an automated β-blocker administration system in a canine model of acute HF. The system controlled AP and PLA to avoid circulatory collapse, and reduced MVO2 significantly. As the system can help the management of patients with HF, further validations in larger samples and development for clinical applications are warranted.
Daily Stressor-Related Negative Mood and its Associations with Flourishing and Daily Curiosity
Authors: Drake Alexandra , Doré Bruce P. , Falk Emily B. , Zurn Perry , Bassett Danielle S. , Lydon-Staley David M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere are pronounced individual differences in the extent to which affective responses are associated with daily stressor exposure. These individual differences have implications for health and well-being. We use 21 days of daily diary data in 167 participants (mean age = 25.37, SD = 7.34; 81.44% women) and test (1) the moderating effect of flourishing on daily stressor-related negative mood and (2) the moderating effect of daily curiosity on daily stressor-related negative mood. Results indicate that people high in flourishing show lower stressor-related negative mood and that stressor-related negative mood is higher than usual on days of lower than usual curiosity. Together, these findings extend a large body of work indicating associations between stressor-related negative mood and both psychopathology and poor physical health to trait and state markers of well-being.
Institutional logics and organizational change: the role of place and time
Authors: Ponte Diego , Pesci Caterina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the case of a hybrid organization located in Northern Italy with the aim of providing an understanding of the role of the context, defined in terms of ‘place’ and ‘time’, in shaping organizational changes. A dynamic institutional approach focused on both ‘place’ and ‘time’ as key explanatory factors can provide a valuable framework to understand both the changing institutional demands on the firm and the rationalities behind the changes that occur at organizational, strategic and governance level. Consequently, this paper aims to contribute to the institutional logics literature by describing how these two contextual elements can be used to interpret institutional logic pressures on the organization under investigation as well as govern changes at micro level. The results indicate that the changes were produced by dynamics that are exogenous and endogenous to the organization in the case study and strongly influenced by the context in which it operates. The paper also highlights how changes in terms of service provision, accountability and organizational setting are the results of the ‘place’ and ‘time’ in which these events occur.
Normative data for pituitary size and volume in the general population between 50 and 66 years
Authors: Berntsen Erik Magnus , Haukedal Matias Daleng , Håberg Asta Kristine 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The main aim of this study was to provide normative data for pituitary height and volume in persons between 50 and 66 years in the general population. The secondary aim was to establish a convenient surrogate marker of pituitary size for use in routine radiological practice.

Methods
From a geographically defined prospective healthy study, 1006 participants between 50 and 66 years had a brain MRI, of which 988 (519 women) were included in this study. We measured the mid-sagittal height, max-sagittal height and total volume of the anterior pituitary lobe based on T1-weighted 3D MRI images.

Results
Both the mean mid-sagittal and max-sagittal pituitary height were significantly larger in women compared to men, with 4.9 ± 1.7 mm versus 4.4 ± 1.4 mm (p < .001) for the mean mid-sagittal height and 6.8 ± 1.2 mm versus 6.1 ± 1.1 mm (p < 0.001) for the mean max-sagittal height. The mean anterior pituitary lobe volume was also significantly larger in women than in men (494 ± 138 mm3 vs. 405 ± 118 mm3) (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in these pituitary sagittal heights nor volume in either sex between the age groups 50–54, 55–59 and 60–66 years. The 95th percentile for mid-sagittal height, max-sagittal height and pituitary volume was 7.7 mm, 8.6 mm and 851 mm3 for women and 6.6 mm, 7.8 mm and 610 mm3 for men.

Conclusion
This study show that women have a larger pituitary gland than men in the age group between 50 and 66 years and provides normative data for pituitary size estimates which can be used for clinical diagnostic purposes as well as future research.