bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum (Fusarium wilt).
Authors: Isakeit Thomas 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

F. oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum causes significant crop losses in several of the main cotton-producing countries. The disease is widespread in the USA, the former Soviet Union (Menlikiev, 1962) and China. In Africa, Tanzania is the worst affected country (Hillocks, 1981). Although losses nationally may not be great, estimated for instance at 0.2% for the whole of the USA in 1989 (Blasingame, 1990), losses are much greater in localized areas and for individual farmers in areas where the disease is endemic. The presence of a pathogen in a field can exclude the planting of a variety with desirable agronomic characteristics (.e.g. yield) if it is susceptible to the pathogen.
Recovery during and after a simulated multi‐day tennis tournament: Combining active recovery, stretching, cold‐water immersion, and massage interventions
Authors: Wiewelhove Thimo , Szwajca Sebastian , Busch Maximilian , Döweling Alexander , Volk Nicola Reiner , Schneider Christoph , Meyer Tim , Kellmann Michael , Pfeiffer Mark , Ferrauti Alexander 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a mixed‐method recovery intervention (MMR) consisting of active recovery, stretching, cold‐water immersion, and massage on physical, technical, physiological, and perceptual recovery during and after a five‐day simulated tennis tournament. Nine competitive male tennis players (age, 24.6±4.2 years) with national ranking positions (German Tennis Federation) and Universal Tennis Ratings between approximately 11–13 participated in two singles tennis tournaments, which were separated by a three‐month washout period. During the tournaments, participants played five two‐and‐a‐half‐hour competitive singles tennis match on five consecutive days. For the assignment to one of two groups, athletes were matched into homogeneous pairs according to their ranking. Then, within each pair, the players were randomly assigned to one of two groups. The first group performed MMR during the first tournament, whereas the other group used passive recovery (PAS). During the second tournament, recovery conditions were interchanged. Measures of physical and technical performance as well as physiological and perceptual responses (heart rate, blood lactate concentration, perceived exertion) were recorded during match‐play sessions. Furthermore, muscle soreness, perceived recovery state, blood markers, countermovement jump height (CMJ), and repeated sprint ability (RSA) were determined before, during, and after the five‐day tournament periods. Results showed significant changes over time (P < 0.05) in muscle soreness, perceived recovery state, creatine kinase, c‐reactive protein, insulin‐like growth factor 1, and countermovement jump height. However, no significant differences or recovery strategy x time interactions were noted either for tennis‐specific performance (e.g. number of total points won) or any other of the measured parameters between MMR and PAS (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the repeated use of MMR during and after a five‐day tennis tournament did not affect match performance, match load, or recovery from repeated days of tennis match play.
Fabrication of 15NV− centers in diamond using a deterministic single ion implanter
Authors: Groot-Berning Karin , Jacob Georg , Osterkamp Christian , Jelezko Fedor , Schmidt-Kaler Ferdinand 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are a platform for several important quantum technologies, including sensing, communication and elementary quantum processors. In this letter we demonstrate the creation of NV centers by implantation using a deterministic single ion source. For this we sympathetically laser-cool single

N

2

+

15

molecular ions in a Paul trap and extract them at an energy of 5.9 keV. Subsequently the ions are focused with a lateral resolution of 121(35) nm and are implanted into a diamond substrate without any spatial filtering by apertures or masks. After high-temperature annealing, we detect the NV centers in a confocal microscope and determine a conversion efficiency of about 0.6%. The 15NV centers are characterized by optically detected magnetic resonance on the hyperfine transition and coherence time.
Roadmap on bio-nano-photonics
Authors: Herkert Ediz , Slesiona Nicole , Recchia Martina Elisena , Deckert Thomas , Garcia-Parajo Maria F , Fantuzzi Eric Michele , Pruccoli Andrea , Ragupathy Imaiyan Chitra , Gudavičius Dominykas , Rigneault Hervé , Majer Jan , Zumbusch Andreas , Munger Eleanor , Brasselet Sophie , Jones Arwyn T , Watson Peter , Boppart Stephen A , Singh Vikramdeep , Borkar Saurabh , Quintela Rodriguez Frank E , Langbein Wolfgang , Petropoulos Vasilis , van Hulst Niek F , Maiuri Margherita , Cerullo Giulio , Brida Daniele , Troiani Filippo , Rozzi Carlo Andrea , Molinari Elisa , Vengris Mikas , Borri Paola 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the quest to decipher the chain of life from molecules to cells, the biological and biophysical questions being asked increasingly demand techniques that are capable of identifying specific biomolecules in their native environment, and can measure biomolecular interactions quantitatively, at the smallest possible scale in space and time, without perturbing the system under observation. The interaction of light with biomolecules offers a wealth of phenomena and tools that can be exploited to drive this progress. This Roadmap is written collectively by prominent researchers and encompasses selected aspects of bio-nano-photonics, spanning from the development of optical micro/nano-spectroscopy technologies for quantitative bioimaging and biosensing to the fundamental understanding of light–matter interaction phenomena with biomolecules at the nanoscale. It will be of interest to a wide cross-disciplinary audience in the physical sciences and life sciences.
The effect of FSP conditions towards microstructure and mechanical properties of the AA6082/AA8011 TIG-welded joint
Authors: Mabuwa Sipokazi , Msomi Velaphi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The friction stir processing (FSP) technique was employed on the AA6082-AA8011 TIG-welded joints to investigate the contribution of the processing conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the processed joints. The TIG-welded joints were subjected to the FSP technique under normal and submerged conditions. The tests conducted included microstructural analysis, tensile, Vickers hardness and fracture surface analysis. The microstructural analysis of the normal FSP joints showed the minimum average grain size of 7.83 μm and maximum average of 9.25 μm, while the submerged FSP joints had a range of 6.33 μm to 4.86 μm. All the FSPed joints showed a great grain size refinement compared to the TIG-welded joints which had an average grain size range of 25.71 μm to 21.99 μm. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the joints processed under normal conditions ranged between 87.14 MPa and 88.33 MPa while that of the submerged conditions ranged between 88.79 MPa and 91.56 MPa. The elongation range of the normal FSP joints was 22.71% to 24.28% while 24.08% to 28.81% was obtained from the submerged FSP joints. The TIG-welded joints had a UTS range of 80.27 MPa to 85.36 MPa with an elongation of 21.82% to 23.58% respectively. FSP improved both the tensile strength and the ductility of the joints with the submerged conditions giving best improved results. The fracture surface morphology revealed a ductile failure mode for all the specimens. The TIG-welded joints had a maximum hardness range of 56 HV to 60 HV, while that of the normal and submerged FSP joints ranged between 54 HV and 57 HV, and between 60 HV and 65 HV, respectively. The application of Normal FSP on the TIG welded joints slightly compromised the hardness of the joints under normal conditions but improved under SFSP due to rapid cooling.
Pressure induced mechanical, opto-electronics, and transport properties of ZnHfO3 oxide for solar cell and energy harvesting devices
Authors: Mahmood Asif , Ramay Shahid M , Al-Masry Waheed , Al-Zahrani Ateyah A , Shaikh H M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Based on the density functional theory, we systematically investigate the effect of pressure on the mechanical, optoelectronic, and transport properties of ZnHfO3. The pressure has been employed up to 30 GPa in a step-size of 10 GPa. A slight variation in the lattice constant and Bulk modulus have been observed at the applied pressure steps. The electronic properties are significantly tuned by applying pressure. The calculated bandgap values slightly increase with increasing the pressure and its values start to decrease after the critical pressure of 20 GPa. More interestingly, a transition from indirect to direct band has been observed at the critical pressure. This transition of the bandgap is also justified by studying the optical properties like dielectric constant, refraction, and absorption at different pressure. Furthermore, we studied the electronic transport properties in terms of electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, See-beck coefficient, and power factor at temperature (300–800 K). The calculated lattice thermal conductivities are low while the electrical conductivities and Seebeck coefficients are high at all pressure. Thus, the properties of the ZnHfO3 show high potential for thermoelectric applications.
Age and clinical outcomes after hip fracture surgery: do octogenarian, nonagenarian and centenarian classifications matter?
Authors: Ogawa Takahisa , Schermann Haggai , Kobayashi Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Okawa Atsushi , Jinno Tetsuya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
older patients with hip fractures are arbitrarily classified as octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians. We have designed this study to quantify in-hospital mortality and complications among each of these groups. We hypothesised that the associations between age and in-hospital mortality and complications are continuously increasing, and that these risks increase rapidly when patients reach a certain age.

Methods
this research is a retrospective cohort study using nationwide database between 2010 and 2018. Patients undergoing hip fracture surgery, and aged 60 or older, were included. The associations between patient age, in-hospital mortality and complications were visualised using the restricted cubic spline models, and were analysed employing multivariable regression models. Then, octogenarians, nonagenarians and centenarians were compared.

Results
among a total of 565,950 patients, 48.7% (n = 275,775) were octogenarians, 23.0% (n = 129,937) were nonagenarians and 0.7% (n = 4,093) were centenarians. The models presented three types of association between age, in-hospital mortality and complications: (i) a continuous increase (mortality and respiratory complications); (ii) a mild increase followed by a steep rise (intensive care unit admission, heart failure, renal failure and surgical site hematoma) and (iii) a steep increase followed by a limited change (coronary heart disease, stroke and pulmonary embolisms).

Conclusion
we identified three types of association between age and clinical outcomes. Patients aged 85–90 may constitute the upper threshold for age categorisations, because the risk of in-hospital complications changed dramatically at that stage. This information can improve clinical awareness of various complications and support collective decision-making.
Functional traits predict resident plant response to Reynoutria japonica invasion in riparian and fallow communities in southern Poland
Authors: Woch Marcin W , Kapusta Paweł , Stanek Małgorzata , Zubek Szymon , Stefanowicz Anna M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Reynoutria japonica is one of the most harmful invasive species in the world, dramatically reducing the diversity of resident vegetation. To mitigate the impact of R. japonica on ecosystems and properly manage affected areas, understanding the mechanisms behind this plant’s invasive success is imperative. This study aimed to comprehensively analyse plant communities invaded by R. japonica, taking into account species traits, habitat conditions and seasonal variability, and to determine the ecological profile of species that withstand the invader’s pressure. The study was performed in fallow and riparian areas in southern Poland. Pairs of adjacent plots were established at 25 sites with no obvious signs of recent human disturbance. One plot contained R. japonica, and the other contained only resident vegetation. For each plot, botanical data were collected and soil physicochemical properties were determined. Twelve sites were surveyed four times, in two springs and two summers, to capture seasonal variability. The presence of R. japonica was strongly associated with reduced resident plant species diversity and/or abundance. In addition to the ability to quickly grow and form a dense canopy that shades the ground, the success of the invader likely resulted from the production of large amounts of hard-to-decompose litter. The indirect impact of R. japonica by controlling the availability of nutrients in the soil might also play a role. A few species coexisted with R. japonica. They can be classified into three groups: (i) spring ephemerals – geophytic forbs with a mixed life history strategy, (ii) lianas with a competitive strategy and (iii) hemicryptophytic forbs with a competitive strategy. Species from the first two groups likely avoided competition for light by temporal or spatial niche separation (they grew earlier than or above the invasive plant), whereas the high competitive abilities of species from the third group likely enabled them to survive in R. japonica patches.
Polymorphic SERPINA3-R124C reduces pathogenesis of its wild type by shortening the lifetime of oligomeric Aβ
Authors: Akbor Maruf Mohammad , Kurosawa Nobuyuki , Tanaka Masashi , Isobe Masaharu 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Amyloid beta (Aβ) 42 peptide accumulated in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients’ brain, often colocalized with serine protease inhibitor family A member 3 (SERPINA3). Being a chaperon, SERPINA3 accelerated Aβ42 fibrillization. While analyzing chaperon activity of human SERPINA3 polymorphisms, we found SERPINA3-R124C played a role in protecting cells from Aβ42 cytotoxicity. SH-SY5Y cells exposed to Aβ42 preincubated with wild-type SERPINA3 (SERPINA3-WT) resulted in extended toxicity leading cell death whereas Aβ42 with SERPINA3-R124C resulted in less cytotoxicity. Transmission electron microscope and thioflavin T assay revealed that SERPINA3-R124C shortened lifetime of small soluble oligomer and maintained β-sheet rich protofibril-like aggregates for longer time compared to that of with SERPINA3-WT. Western blot assay confirmed that SERPINA3-R124C converted Aβ42 mostly into high molecular aggregates. Here, we demonstrate first time that polymorphic SERPINA3 acts as a benign chaperon by modulating the transition states of Aβ42, which may contribute to the reduction of AD risk.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Quinacrine Monotherapy and Albendazole Plus Chloroquine Combination Therapy in Nitroimidazole-Refractory Giardiasis: A TropNet Study
Authors: Neumayr Andreas , Schunk Mirjam , Theunissen Caroline , Van Esbroeck Marjan , Mechain Matthieu , Hatz Christoph , Mørch Kristine , Soriano Pérez Manuel Jesús , Sydow Véronique , Sothmann Peter , Kuenzli Esther , Rothe Camilla , Bottieau Emmanuel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Giardiasis failing nitroimidazole first-line treatment is an emerging problem in returning European travelers. We present data on the efficacy and tolerability of 2 second-line treatment regimens.

Methods
This prospective, open-label, multicenter study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of quinacrine monotherapy (100 mg 3 times per day for 5 days) and albendazole plus chloroquine combination therapy (400 mg twice daily plus 155 mg twice daily for 5 days) in nitroimidazole-refractory giardiasis. The defined end points were the clinical outcome, assessed at week 5 after treatment and the parasitological outcome, assessed using microscopy of 2 stool samples, ≥2 to ≤5 weeks after treatment.

Results
A total of 106 patients were included in the study. Quinacrine achieved clinical and parasitological cure in 81% (59/73) and 100% (56/56), respectively. Albendazole plus chloroquine achieved clinical and parasitological cure in 36% (12/33) and 48% (12/25), respectively. All patients (9/9) who clinically and parasitologically failed albendazole plus chloroquine treatment and opted for retreatment with quinacrine achieved clinical cure. Mild to moderate treatment-related adverse events were reported by 45% and 30% of patients treated with quinacrine and albendazole plus chloroquine, respectively. One patient treated with quinacrine developed severe neuropsychiatric side effects. The majority of nitroimidazole-refractory Giardia infections (57%) were acquired in India.

Conclusions
Quinacrine was a highly effective treatment in nitroimidazole-refractory giardiasis, but patients should be cautioned on the low risk of severe neuropsychiatric adverse event. Albendazole plus chloroquine had a low cure rate in nitroimidazole-refractory giardiasis. Nitroimidazole-refractory giardiasis was primarily seen in travelers returning from India.
Deaf Residents With Intellectual Disabilities During the First Covid-19 Associated Lockdown
Authors: Salzner Julia , Dall Magdalena , Weber Christoph , Holzinger Daniel , Fellinger Johannes 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Two indicators for stress (mood and aggressive behavior) were evaluated in order to investigate the effect of the restrictions taken against the spread of the coronavirus on people who are deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) and have intellectual disabilities (ID). In three therapeutic living communities, specifically designed for the visual communication needs of people who are DHH and have ID, the mood of the residents is routinely assessed by staff members and every aggressive incident is recorded with the Staff Observation of Aggressions Scale-Revised (SOAS-R). For the 38 residents who were present 8 weeks before the first lockdown (t1) and the following 8 weeks (t2), mood ratings and ratings of aggressive behavior were compared between the two time periods. In contrast to our hypothesis the mood ratings of the residents had a slight significant improvement, whereas the incidents and severity of aggressive behavior did not change significantly.
These results suggest that with proper communicative support, individuals who are DHH and have ID can cope effectively with significant restrictions imposed by a pandemic-caused lockdown.
Emotional labour and professional development in ELT
Authors: Song Juyoung 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Building upon the concept of emotional labour, this study explores one pre-service teacher’s emotional responses to her internship teaching experiences. Interviews, observations, and self-reflection statements revealed that her emotional struggles and tensions were generated, in part, from dissatisfaction with what she experienced as a gap between her theoretical understanding and the reality of ELT and with the perceived unfair practices and negative attitudes towards English learners. The student teacher’s efforts to manage her emotions in and out of the classroom became her emotional labour, and her emotional awareness of and resistance to what she perceived as negative attitudes towards her students evoked a deeper emotional reflexivity, which led to her emotional and professional growth. The results suggest that a student teacher’s understanding of her own emotions in relation to teaching may serve as a catalyst for problematizing practices and construct/transform teacher identity, leading to important implications for teacher education.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in humans and mice: embracing clinical complexity in mouse models
Authors: Withaar Coenraad , Lam Carolyn S P , Schiattarella Gabriele G , de Boer Rudolf A , Meems Laura M G 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a multifactorial disease accounting for a large and increasing proportion of all clinical HF presentations. As a clinical syndrome, HFpEF is characterized by typical signs and symptoms of HF, a distinct cardiac phenotype and raised natriuretic peptides. Non-cardiac comorbidities frequently co-exist and contribute to the pathophysiology of HFpEF. To date, no therapy has proven to improve outcomes in HFpEF, with drug development hampered, at least partly, by lack of consensus on appropriate standards for pre-clinical HFpEF models. Recently, two clinical algorithms (HFA-PEFF and H2FPEF scores) have been developed to improve and standardize the diagnosis of HFpEF. In this review, we evaluate the translational utility of HFpEF mouse models in the context of these HFpEF scores. We systematically recorded evidence of symptoms and signs of HF or clinical HFpEF features and included several cardiac and extra-cardiac parameters as well as age and sex for each HFpEF mouse model. We found that most of the pre-clinical HFpEF models do not meet the HFpEF clinical criteria, although some multifactorial models resemble human HFpEF to a reasonable extent. We therefore conclude that to optimize the translational value of mouse models to human HFpEF, a novel approach for the development of pre-clinical HFpEF models is needed, taking into account the complex HFpEF pathophysiology in humans.
Design of an autochthonous starter culture using strains isolated from traditional Matsoni
Authors: Kakabadze Elene , Zago Miriam , Rossetti Lia , Grdzelishvili Nino , Bonvini Barbara , Janashia Irakli , Tidona Flavio , Carminati Domenico , Giraffa Giorgio , Chanishvili Nina 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTArtisanal products support the conservation of the indigenous biodiversity of food microbiomes, although they do not always comply to quality and hygienic requirements for the dairy industry. This study describes the development of an autochthonous starter culture to produce Matsoni, a traditional Georgian fermented milk. To this end, strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from artisanal Matsoni samples were used to design a starter formulation reproducing the dominant microbial diversity, also preserving quality characteristics and ensuring the safety of the product. As a result, strains that represent the acidifying portion of the starter (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis, L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) were combined in different ratios and strain combinations, together with cultures of Lactobacillus rhamnosus that were chosen for their potential beneficial traits. The strain association acting better in milk cultures at laboratory scale was selected as starter culture for the production of Matsoni in pilot-scale industrial trials.