bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Organic Biopolymer as Green Inhibitor for Silica Treatment in Geothermal Field
Authors: Putera Utama Andhika , Widiantara IGN. , Haris Abdul , Setiawan Fernando , Arbimsah RM. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper explores the challenges posed by silica scale, a solid deposit that forms in geothermal water due to temperature, pressure, or pH changes. The silica scale formation can lead to pipe blockages, reduced flow rates, and increased operational costs. The research focuses on biopolymer’s potential as a solution to prevent silica scale in geothermal energy systems. Biopolymers, which are natural polymers derived from sources like plants, animals, or microorganisms, present several advantages over synthetic polymers. These include biodegradability, biocompatibility, and renewability, making them eco-friendly and cost-effective inhibitors for silica scale prevention. The current investigation entailed a meticulous evaluation of supplementary inhibitor compounds sourced from bio-oil and phytochemicals. This assessment was conducted within a controlled laboratory setting, utilizing a pressure reactor and a brine sample. These new formulation organic inhibitors demonstrated considerable potential in mitigating scale deposition. It also alters the morphology and size of silica particles, reducing their ability to precipitate and form scale. Lastly, the paper outlines various methods to assess the effectiveness of a silica antiscalant agent, taking into account the type of agent, system conditions, and the desired outcome. This comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the use of biopolymers as a potential solution for silica scale prevention in geothermal energy systems.
Advances in biofabrication and simulation strategies for gut-on-a-chip
Authors: Wang Ke , Wang Yushen , Han Junlei , Liang Zhixiang , Zhang Wenhong , Li Xinyu , Chen Jun , Wang Li 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Biomimetic gut models show promise for enhancing our understanding of intestinal disorder pathogenesis and accelerating therapeutic strategy development. Current in vitro models predominantly comprise traditional static cell culture and animal models. Static cell culture lacks the precise control of the complex microenvironment governing human intestinal function. Animal models provide greater microenvironment complexity but fail to accurately replicate human physiological conditions due to interspecies differences. As the available models do not accurately reflect the microphysiological environment and functions of the human intestine, their applications are limited. An optimal approach to intestinal modelling is yet to be developed, but the field will probably benefit from advances in biofabrication techniques. This review highlights biofabrication strategies for constructing biomimetic intestinal models and research approaches for simulating key intestinal physiological features. We also discuss potential biomedical applications of these models and provide an outlook on multi-scale intestinal modeling.
Experimental study on the surface morphology of single-point diamond turning of tungsten alloy
Authors: Chen Zhuang , Hu Gaofeng , Lv Yingxin , Wei Hong , Huang Jiashuai , Chen Guangjun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tungsten alloys have been widely used in aerospace, military, and other fields because of their excellent properties, such as high strength, high hardness, high melting point, and other properties. However, tungsten alloy is a typical difficult-to-machine material. Especially in the process of single point diamond turning (SPDT) machining, the influence of its process parameters on the machined surface morphology of the workpiece is still to be studied deeply. Therefore, this paper uses a one-factor approach to single-point diamond turning (SPDT) experiments on W93NiFe alloy. This study investigated the effect of different cutting parameters on the surface morphology of W93NiFe alloy. The experimental results indicated that the values of arithmetic mean deviation and surface steepness gradually increased with the increase of the feed rate; The surface defects have increased significantly; As the cutting speed increased, the values of arithmetic mean deviation and surface steepness decreased gradually; The surface defects are significantly reduced. The value of the surface support index increased gradually. In addition, as the depth of cutting increased, the values of arithmetic mean deviation and surface steepness gradually increased; The result is a gradual deterioration of the surface topography; The surface support index value decreased gradually.&#xD;
Introduction
Authors: Pasternak Avia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This introductory chapter presents the research framework of the book. It defines the core phenomena we are concerned with here—violent protesting. It then turns to explore insights from existing philosophical debates, including literature on civil and uncivil disobedience, Africana political philosophy, and philosophical explorations of terrorism and other forms of violent political resistance. I demonstrate that none of these accounts provides a systematic normative examination of violent protests. I then present the framework I will use to assess the permissibility of violent protesting—the conditions of necessity, proportionality, and effectiveness. Finally, I provide an overview of the core arguments of the book and the chapter plan.
Justifying Protective Harm
Authors: Pasternak Avia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter presents the theoretical framework used in the book to assess the permissibility of violent protests. It identifies the nature of the harms that participants inflict in violent protest—what the author calls “protective harm” and “symbolic harm” and it distinguishes them from the more familiar concept of “defensive harm.” The chapter then turns to discuss the three core criteria for the permissibility of protective harm: that the resort to violence is necessary, that it is proportionate, and that it is sufficiently effective. Using Seth Lazar’s deontological decision theory, the chapter explores how the three criteria are to be applied to the case of violent protests.
Harm to Fellow Citizens
Authors: Pasternak Avia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter continues the assessment of the moral seriousness of protective harm, focusing on damage to the property and financial interests of private individuals. It examines various potential sources to citizens’ liability to such harm and identifies three sources that ground a duty to incur protective harm on many ordinary citizens. The first concerns citizens’ participation in the state. The second argument concerns citizens’ political associative obligations to promote justice in their state. The third concerns citizens’ duties of assistance, which can translate into the duty to incur protective harm.
Assessing Violent Protests
Authors: Pasternak Avia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter sums up the discussion of previous chapters and identifies the circumstances under which the resort to some violence in protests is permissible. It examines the moral seriousness of the various harms that violent protestors are likely to inflict, taking into account the liabilities and duties of their targets. The author considers whether protestors have a duty to collectivize in order to reduce the level of harm they inflict and whether the prospects of a brutal police response should be taken into account in the consideration of the overall harm of the protest. Next, the chapter considers the weight of the potential benefits of the protests to the protestors and the wider community. Here, the author considers the epistemic challenges faced when we attempt to weigh against each other very different types of benefits and harms. A specific concern here is that prevalent epistemic biases might lead more privileged agents to underappreciate the moral seriousness of harms and benefits that are targeting oppressed agents. This challenge calls for a careful assessment informed by views of agents with the relevant expertise.
Responding to Violent Protestors
Authors: Pasternak Avia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter examines some of the implications of the analysis and of the claim that violent protests can be morally permissible for the criminal justice system. It first examines whether there should be a legal defense of permissible violent protesting and concludes that while, as a matter of principle, permissible violent protesting should not be punished, it is extremely unlikely that existing political and legal systems would accept this conclusion. More realistic implications that are explored in the chapter are, first, the permissibility of evasion of punishment by protestors; second, the duty for judges to set more lenient sentencing on protestors who acted permissibly; and third, the resort to restorative justice as a more appropriate setting for holding violent protestors legally liable.
Gesture and cognition
Authors: Gawne Lauren 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter looks at both neurological and cognitive research to explore where gesture resides in the physical brain and how it contributes to the processes of the mind. In relation to neurological research, gesture is part of the sensorimotor system. Gesture is also closely linked with language in the brain, activating many of the same regions, including Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas. Gesture use varies with neurotype and is shown to suffer similar impairment to language for people with acquired brain injuries. Cognitive models allow us to consider the evidence from language and gesture production to build an understanding of the sequence of steps required to move from the abstract processes of thought to the concrete production of speech and gesture. This chapter summarizes key models of language and gesture production, models for understanding the relationship between gesture, movement, and thought, and models of gesture perception and processing.
Conclusion
Authors: Gawne Lauren 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter provides a brief conclusion to the book. In drawing together the threads from across the chapters, we can see how there are still many big, open questions in the field of Gesture Studies. Expanding the range of languages and contexts in which gesture is studied will help answer these questions. The interdisciplinary nature of Gesture Studies means that the field is well-placed to grow in exciting new directions as new scholars contribute new ideas. I hope that you will be able to use the insights from the work of Gesture Studies scholars, and now see the richness of multimodal human communication.
Primary Aldosteronism in a Hispanic Cohort: Responses to Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism and Remission in a Case
Authors: Tapia-Castillo Alejandra , Vecchiola Andrea , Quiñones Paola , Baudrand René , Uslar Thomas , Delgado José , Carvajal Cristian A , Fardella Carlos E 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the main cause of secondary arterial hypertension. In this study, we present the medical treatment of Hispanic patients with PA followed for up to 5 years, highlighting the complete cure with pharmacological treatment in one of our patients.

Methods
We studied 32 PA patients, followed every 6 months after starting MRA. A clinical response was the normalization of blood pressure (BP) in the absence of other antihypertensive drugs. The biochemical response was considered with normalization of potassium and renin. Responses to treatment were compared using the defined daily dose (DDD). The effect of MRA was evaluated in vitro. The HAC15 cells were cultured and stimulated with aldosterone and spironolactone for 24-72h, and the apoptotic cell death was measured.

Results
At 12 months posttreatment with MRA, 68% of the patients had a total clinical response, and 67% had a total biochemical response. Response to MRA treatment reduced DDD by an average of 74%. Additionally, we observed one PA patients treated with spironolactone after three years, he presented a pharmacological cure with normalization of aldosterone and renin without treatment with spironolactone. The in vitro study shows that spironolactone increased early apoptosis in a 60% and late apoptosis in a 50%.

Conclusion
These results suggest the importance of timely diagnosis of PA and specific treatment with MRA, especially in patients with a poor response to treatment. Moreover, remission of PA may occur in some patients after spironolactone treatment due to its suggestive role as an apoptotic agent.
Approvers, disapprovers and strugglers: A q-methodology study of rectal cancer magnetic resonance imaging proforma use
Authors: Alderson Sarah , Muthoo Chand , Rossington Hannah , Quirke Phil , Tolan Damian ,   YCR BCIP Study Group
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Rectal cancer Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rcMRI) allows accurate staging and informs treatment decisions in rectal cancer. There is variability in reporting completeness, however template proforma reports can significantly increase the inclusion of key tumour descriptors. We aimed to identify socially shared viewpoints of radiologists relating to barriers to implementing proforma reporting. Measuring the subjectivity of opinions relative to other radiologists will allow identification of common patterns preventing implementation.

Methods
Specialist gastrointestinal radiologists from 16 hospital trusts were invited to a q-methodology study. Participants ranked 56 statements on barriers to using proforma reports (the q-set) in a normal distribution (q-grid). Factor analyses were undertaken to identify independent accounts, and additional survey data were used to support interpretation.

Results
Twenty-seven radiologists participated; 11 (41%) had more than 10 years reporting rcMRIs. Three distinct accounts of radiologist attitudes to proforma-use were identified: Approvers, Disprovers and Struggling champions. The highest ranked barriers related to proforma format, individual radiologists’ preferences and beliefs about efficacy and factors relating to wider multidisciplinary teams and health system-level implementation.

Conclusions
Radiologists that disapprove of proformas are unlikely to use them unless external influences are applied, such as a requirement by treating clinicians. Increased internal and organisational support would also increase use. Targeted implementation strategies focusing on these barriers has the potential to increase uptake of similar interventions.

Advances in knowledge
Specialist Radiologists require a multi-level adaptive implementation strategy, tailored to proforma characteristics as well as individual and organisational barriers to increase proforma reporting for rectal cancer MRI to support accurate treatment decision making.
TAOK1 suppression improves doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by preventing cardiomyocyte death and dysfunction
Authors: Suga Takaomi , Kitani Tomoya , Kogure Masaya , Oishi Masatsugu , Ito Fumiaki , Hoshino Atsushi , Ogata Takehiro , Ikeda Koji , Matoba Satoaki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aims
Doxorubicin (DOX) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents for various types of cancers. However, DOX often causes cardiotoxicity, which is referred to as DOX-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC). Despite extensive research, only a limited number of effective treatments are currently available. In this study, we aimed to identify a potential therapeutic target for DIC by preventing DOX-induced cell injury in cardiomyocytes.

Methods and results
We performed a kinome-wide CRISPR gene knockout screen in human cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-CMs) and identified a member of the STE20 kinase family, thousand and one amino acid protein kinase 1 (TAOK1) as a potential regulator of DOX-induced cardiomyocyte death. Using CRISPR-mediated gene knockout and siRNA-mediated gene knockdown, we demonstrated that TAOK1 suppression improved DOX-induced cardiomyocyte death and dysfunction, including sarcomere disarray, contractile dysfunction, DNA damage, and mitochondrial dysfunction in hPSC-CMs. Transcriptome analysis using RNA-Seq also showed that DOX-induced mitochondrial dysfunction was attenuated by TAOK1 suppression. In contrast to the protective role of TAOK1 against DOX toxicity in cardiomyocytes, TAOK1 suppression did not induce DOX resistance in human cancer cell lines. DOX-induced activation of p38 MAPK was markedly attenuated in TAOK1-knockout hPSC-CMs. Furthermore, DOX-induced cardiomyocyte death and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential were augmented by TAOK1 overexpression, which was partially attenuated by an inhibitor or knockdown of p38 MAPK or an apoptosis inhibitor. Finally, we demonstrated that TAOK1 suppression using AAV-mediated gene silencing attenuated DOX-induced myocardial damage, including myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis, and cardiomyocyte atrophy, resulting in improved cardiac function in a mouse model of DIC.

Conclusion
Our results indicate that TAOK1 suppression is a promising therapeutic approach for treating DIC in patients with cancer and highlight the advantages of hPSC-CMs as a platform to study drug-induced cardiotoxicity.
Genome size evolution and phenotypic correlates in the poison frog family Dendrobatidae
Authors: Douglas Tyler E , Márquez Roberto , Holmes V Renee , Johnston J Spencer , Tarvin Rebecca D 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Adaptive and neutral processes have produced a spectrum of genome sizes across organisms. Amphibians in particular possess a wide range in C-values, from &lt;1 to over 125 pg. However, the genome size of most amphibians is unknown, and no single family has been comprehensively assessed. We provide new estimates for 32 poison frog species representing the major lineages within Dendrobatidae using Feulgen staining of museum specimens and flow cytometry of fresh tissue. We show that genome size in Dendrobatidae has likely evolved gradually, with potential evolutionary rate shifts in the genera Phyllobates and Hyloxalus, which respectively possess species with the largest (13.0 pg) and second smallest (2.6 pg) genomes in the family. Phylogenetically controlled regression analyses indicate that genome size is positively correlated with snout-vent-length, oocyte number, and clutch size, but negatively correlated with active metabolic rate and metabolic scope. While body size and metabolic rate are also correlates of toxicity, we found no relationship between genome size and evolution of chemical defense within Dendrobatidae. Genome size evolution in Dendrobatidae provides insight into the processes shaping genome size evolution over short timescales and establishes a novel system in which to study the mechanistic links between genome size and organismal physiology.
A Fully Validated LC-QTOF-MS Screening Workflow for the Analysis of Drugs in Oral Fluid
Authors: Coulter Cynthia , Gonzales Jonah , Coulter Campbell A , Wagner Jarrad , Moore Christine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A simple liquid-liquid extraction procedure (LLE) followed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) analysis for drugs in oral fluid collected with the Quantisal™ device has been developed. The decision point cut-off concentrations were at or below those recommended by the National Safety Council’s Alcohol, Drugs, and Impairment Division (NSC-ADID) for toxicological investigation of driving under the influence of drugs cases (DUID). Currently ANSI/ASB standard 120 does not cover the analysis of oral fluid collected in impaired driving investigations, instead guidance from the NSC-ADID was used. The supporting mass spectral based screening library was adapted from commercially available databases and included Tier 1 and Tier 2 recommended compounds. Further, the additional inclusion of novel psychoactive substances and synthetic cannabinoids was based on the Center for Forensic Science Research and Education’s (CFSRE) quarterly publications of 2023. Metabolites from those publications were not included in this method since, with some exceptions, parent drugs are the dominant compounds in oral fluid. Briefly, Quantisal™ (1mL) was mixed with organic solvents, centrifuged, and decanted; followed by a second liquid-liquid process which extracted all the drugs in a single aliquot. A gradient liquid chromatography program using 0.1% formic acid in water and 0.1% formic acid in methanol was used and the runtime was 10 minutes. LC-QTOF-MS settings were optimized to promote greater sensitivity for a wide range of drug classes. The method was fully validated using ANSI/ASB 036 Standard Practices for Method Validation in Forensic Toxicology as guidance. Interference studies, limit of detection, precision at and around the decision points, ionization suppression/enhancement, and processed sample stability up to 96 hours were completed for each drug in the library database. While ion suppression or enhancement of the analytes varied greatly, the decision point was not significantly affected and internal standards that mimicked similar responses were chosen for each analyte. The method was applied to proficiency program samples, routine samples received into the laboratory, and blind samples screened against the search engine. The optimization of specific tune characteristics and instrument settings allowed the user to meet or exceed recommended screening limits for drugs in Quantisal™ collected oral fluid samples without the need for immunoassay testing.
Latitudinal gradient patterns and driving factors of the fruit types of woody plants based on multiple forest dynamic monitoring plots
Authors: Liu Wenjun , Shao Yizhen , Guo Shengqian , Liu Fengqin , Tian Xiangyu , Chen Yun , Yuan Zhiliang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Fruit type influences seed dispersal mode and its effectiveness, reflecting plant adaptability to their environments. However, the large-scale patterns of fruit type distribution in forest communities and differences in the drivers of various fruit types remain unclear. We present a large-scale biogeographic model of woody plant fruit types along a latitudinal gradient through the data analysis of 30 forest dynamic plots. Results showed the following. (1) Fleshy and dry fruits exhibited distinct distribution patterns in large-scale space. The distribution of fleshy fruits was greater in tropical and subtropical zones, while dry fruits were more common in temperate zones. (2) Climatic factors primarily drove the geographical distribution of the fruit types of woody plants. Climatic and spatial factors exerted greater effects on the species richness of dry fruits compared with that of fleshy fruits. Our results demonstrated the difference in the latitudinal gradient patterns of fleshy and dry fruits and identified the major abiotic environmental factors that drove their distribution in large-scale spaces, demonstrating the biogeography of the fruit types of woody plants.