bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevent Failures and Extend Asset Life: A Reliable Onsite Corrosion Inhibitor Residuals Method Using SERS
Authors: Jin Peng , Murugesan Sankaran , Liu Zhengwei , Fang Haitao , Gao Shujun , Huang Lei , Guerrero Gilberto , Jackson Tracey , Ramachandran Sunder , Brooks Johnathon 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Asset integrity for oil and gas operations requires reliable chemical information to troubleshoot factors affecting chemical deliverability and performance. Accurate and precise measurement of corrosion inhibitor (CI) concentration in oilfield brine is significant to asset management. However, historically CI residual measurements are extremely problematic due to the surface-active nature of the chemicals which interact with a host of factors that parasitically deplete the CI solution concentration. It is typical to see &gt;100% error on traditional residual measurements especially where dye transfer techniques are concerned. Current methods and sample handling for measuring residuals involves sending samples to a local laboratory for analysis. This time delay can add to the measurement error due to loss of inhibitor species to the sample container or solids that may form in transport. This paper describes the use of a simple, portable, handheld, onsite, nanotechnology-based, residual method to measure CI concentrations in oilfield brines. With more frequent and highly accurate CI residual feedback operators can react to system conditions that threaten to impact asset integrity. Using the CI residual data provided by a rapid, accurate analytical method, operators could extend asset life and prevent failures long before they become critical.
Comprehensive Casing Corrosion Inspection Using Multi-Frequency Array EM Technology
Authors: Larbi Zeghlache Mohamed , Bazaid Abdulaziz , Hill Freeman , Guergueb Nacer 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Historically, only total metal thickness measurement was possible using frequency domain electromagnetic (EM) logging tools. With advances in technology, it is critical to develop a frequency domain alternative answer using a multi-frequency array EM pipe inspection tool to accurately estimate the individual wall thicknesses of as many as five concentric pipes. Results from yard testing in a special design mockup, as well as field logs, are demonstrated as part of the technology assessment process.
The new multi-frequency array EM tool uses the eddy current principle and includes two transmitters and eight receivers. It operates in continuous wave mode at multiple frequencies. Optimized transmitter-receiver spacing configurations and multi-frequency operation provide sufficiently diverse information to help assess the metal loss in each individual pipe for a wide range of configurations. The tool uses a sophisticated workflow of data processing and inversion algorithms to decouple individual thickness information from the measured data.
The capabilities of the tool are demonstrated using two 400-ft long pipe mockups, each having 18 different combinations of overlapping and non-overlapping defects in five-, four-, and three-pipe sections. The configurations of the pipes used in the mockups were chosen to cover typical well completions commonly used in the Middle East. Data from the mockups are validated using synthetic data generated using two-dimensional (2D) computer models. The tool has delivered unprecedented accurate assessments of the fourth and fifth pipes, as well as an accurate assessment of the commonly evaluated first, second, and third pipes. The sensitivity of the inversion to model mismatches, such as those introduced by decentralized pipes, is studied by deliberately decentralizing one of the mockup pipes over a length of the log. An algorithm designed to correct for pipe eccentricity is also demonstrated. The results from the surface testing are discussed along with the performance of the tool in a test well with pipe configurations similar to the mockups. In the studied test well, the tool was able to identify defects in the outermost strings.
This solution utilizes a novel inversion algorithm of big data from multi-frequency array sensors to derive individual pipes corrosion. This technology can significantly improve proactive decision making for mature well operations, especially in areas with high corrosion rates and shallow outer casing corrosion.
Failure Investigation of a Corrosion Leak in a C77 Block and Tubing Bonnet in a Chemical Injection System – A Case History
Authors: De Souza Valdir , Marinou Eugenia , Legge Andrew , Nwafor Vicky 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a case history outlining the investigation performed to evaluate the causes of failure between a C77 block and tubing bonnet line, used for delivering scale inhibitor to a production well. The data review indicated that the failure occurred as a result of synergistic corrosion effects, including incompatibility between the scale inhibitor chemical and the metallurgies of the block (13Cr SS) and tubing (carbon steel). The analysis showed that while each of the relevant corrosion mechanisms (oxygen corrosion, galvanic and localised corrosion) may not be the root cause for the failure individually, in combination they proved detrimental to system integrity. The study also highlighted that while chemical inhibitor compatibility testing with appropriate flow-wetted metallurgies is common practice, the environment and configuration used for testing is not always representative of the field conditions or specific process operations (e.g., oxygen ingress due to unblanketed tanks, presence of dissimilar materials). In the present case, for example, the most significant oxygen sources were found to be the dissolved oxygen in the tap water used to mix the scale inhibitor to make up the final formulation; and the glycol blended into the product to give it ‘winterised’ properties. Lastly, the paper summarises the recommendations that were put forth to address the issue, such as evaluation of different metallurgies, a more suitable scale inhibitor and implementation of process monitoring, especially of oxygen levels.
Necessity of structured exercise training program and its feasibility on physical capacity and health status with post COVID-19 syndrome patients
Authors: kumbhare Ruhi , VARDHAN VISHNU 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is widespread and has become a global public health emergency. The disease's outbreak was recently announced by the World Health Organization. Pulmonary Rehabilitation has been shown to improve patients' quality of life, function, and well-being with Chronic Respiratory Diseases Recently there have been various guidelines and consensus available for Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Post - COVID patients who have been discharged from other respiratory conditions. There is a limited number of literatures on the effect of exercise program on physical fitness and health status of patients with Post COVID 19 syndrome. The current study therefore uses the available evidence in COVID 19 patients to modify an exercise program and apply it to patients with COVID syndrome. The Central Trial Registry of India (CTRI) registration number for this trial is REF/2021/06/044205.
High fructose and streptozotocin induced diabetic impairments are mitigated by Indirubin-3-hydrazone via downregulation of PKR pathway in Wistar rats
Authors: Udumula Mary , Mangali Sureshbabu , Kalra Jaspreet , Dasari Deepika , Goyal Srashti , Krishna Vandana , Bollareddy Srivarsha Reddy , Sri Dharamrajan , Dhar Arti , Bhat Audesh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Metabolic disorders are becoming more common in young population due to increased consumption of carbohydrate rich diet, lack of physical activity and stress. Fructose is used as a sweetener in many carbonated beverages and is a known inducer of oxidative stress and hypertension. Up-regulation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) causes impairment in insulin signaling pathway and metabolic dysfunctions in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the present study we investigated the role of PKR and associated pathways in high fructose (HF) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes and whether indirubin-3-hydrazone (IHZ), a novel PKR inhibitor can reverse the HF and STZ induced diabetic impairments in Wistar rats.Methods: Diabetes was induced by feeding rats 20% high fructose in drinking water for 6 weeks and by giving a single dose of STZ (35mg/kg., i.p) at the end of week 5. Glucose and lipid levels were measured by using assay kits. Expression of PKR and its downstream genes were determined by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and western blotting techniques. Histo-pathological studies were performed using H&E staining. Fibrosis was detected in insulin sensitive tissues and organs using Sirius red and Masson’s trichrome staining and apoptosis by TUNEL assay. Results and Conclusion: HF and STZ induced hyperglycemia, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are mediated via PKR pathway and its downstream effectors, and these effects were attenuated by PKR inhibitor IHZ. Thus, inhibition of PKR can protect insulin sensitive organs and tissues from HF induced diabetic impairments via the inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway.
Reduced-order disturbance observer based adaptive reaching law control for discretized MIMO systems with unmatched uncertainties
Authors: Wang Cong , Xia Hongwei , Wang Yanmin , Ren Shunqing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, an adaptive discrete-time sliding mode control based on reduced-order disturbance observer is proposed for discretized multi-input multi-output systems subjected to unmatching condition. By using the designed discrete reduced-order disturbance observer, a new sliding surface is constructed to counteract the unmatched uncertainties. Then, to guarantee a smaller width of the quasi sliding mode domain, an adaptive reaching law is developed, whose switching gain is adaptively tuned to prevent overestimation of disturbance on the premise of ensuring the reaching condition of sliding surface; meanwhile, the ranges of the quasi sliding mode band and attractiveness region are deduced. The proposed control algorithm has low computational complexity and needs no information about the upper bound of unmatched disturbance. The simulations on the control of a bank-to-turn missile demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively reject unmatched disturbance, and provide higher accuracy in comparison with traditional methods.
Erdheim-Chester Disease with a Posterior Fossa Tumour Mimicking Neurosarcoidosis: A Case Report.
Authors: Parrado-Sánchez Laura , Alzate-Carvajal Verónica , Florez Luis Alberto Escobar , Granados-Sánchez Ana María , Lobato-Polo Javier 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans'cell histiocytosisdescribed in 1930 by Jakob Erdheim and William Chester, it can present as a multisystemic entity that forms xanthogranulomas which are foamy histiocytes surrounded by fibrotic tissue. Lesions are commonly located in long bones, central nervous system (CNS), cardiovascular system, lungs, kidneys and skin. The CNS is involved in approximately 50% of cases and can compromise both extra or intra-axial structures and therefore can mimic schwannomas or meningiomas, amongst other mass lesions [2, 9]. Clinical presentation will differ from patient to patient thus diagnosis depends greatly in imaging, immunohistochemistry and genetic findings within the pathology analysis [4]. The pathogenesis of this disease remains unknown. It is most commonly found in the middle-aged male population [1, 8]. Here, we present a case of a middle-aged woman with an extra-axial lesion that was initially considered to be neurosarcoidosis proving the diagnostic challenge this entity implies.
BRCA 1/2 Mutation Spectrum Analysis in South Asia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kharel Sanjeev , Shrestha Suraj , Yadav Siddhartha , Shakya Prafulla , Hirachan Suzita , Baidya Sujita 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common form of all cancers among Asian females. Mutations in BRCA1/BRCA2 gene are observed in BC cases and also largely increases the lifetime risk of having BC. Because of the paucity of high-quality data on the molecular spectrum of BRCA mutations in South Asian populations, we aimed to explore the spectrum of BRCA gene mutation among the South Asian Population.Methods: A systematic literature search of electronic databases like PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar on BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutation spectrum was carried out for peer-reviewed articles providing information on the spectrum of either BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation on South Asian women with any form of breast cancer.Results: Twenty studies were selected for review from four South Asian countries showing similar BRCA1/2 gene mutation patterns. 185delAG mutation in exon 2 in BRCA1 was the most common recurrent mutation and founder mutation found. Various intronic variants, variants of unknown significance, large genomic rearrangements (LGRs) and polymorphisms are also described in some studies. Conclusions: The prevalence of BRCA1 mutations is higher than BRCA2 mutations in the South Asian population with a wide variation among different countries and ethnicities. The knowledge of various population-specific mutations in these cancer susceptibility genes can help provide efficient strategies for genetic testing.
The Cognitive Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) for Individuals of Methamphetamine Dependent: A Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Shen Menglu , Yang Suyong , Lu Songting , Zhu Dong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
IntroductionCognitive deficit is a common syndrome of methamphetamine (MA) dependence, it relates to decision-making, control ability, and social functioning. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a training technique that requests people to work out at full intensity during a short period. A number of studies have already shown the potential effects of HIIT on cognitive roles. A number of studies have already shown the potential effects of HIIT on cognitive function. The purpose of this trial is to evaluate the cognitive effects of HIIT on the individuals of MA dependent. Methods and analysis240 individuals of MA dependent are randomly assigned to High-intensity Interval Training group (HIIT), Moderate-intensity Continuous Training group (MICT) and Control group (CON) respectively. HIIT consists of a 24-minute exercise of high-intensity interval training on a treadmill. MICT consists of a 1-hour body-mind exercise. CON remains their traditional intervention. The experimental period will be 12 months, with 3 interventions weekly for the first 6 months and follow-up for the next 6 months. All subjects will be given both physical and cognitive tests at baseline, after intervention and follow-up. The cognitive performances will be compared by a mixed-model analysis for repeated-measures.DiscussionHIIT training may reduce illicit drug cravings among individuals of MA dependent, it indicates that HIIT has better effect on cognitive functions such as memory and executive function for individuals of MA dependent.Trial Registration﻿ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000032492, Registered on Aril 30, 2020, Prospective registration, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=52127&htm=4.
ECG with Prior Myocardial Infarction Pattern or acute ST-T Pathology is Associated with Death in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Rosen Jacob , Noreland Maria , Stattin Karl , Lipcsey Miklós , Frithiof Robert , Malinovschi Andrei , Hultström Michael 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: We investigated the prevalence of ECG abnormalities and their association with mortality, organ dysfunction and cardiac biomarkers in a cohort of COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: This cohort study included patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU of a tertiary hospital in Sweden. ECG, clinical data and laboratory findings during ICU stay were extracted from medical records and ECGs obtained near ICU admission were reviewed by two independent physicians. Results: Eighty patients had an acceptable ECG near ICU-admission. In the entire cohort 30-day mortality was 28%. Compared to patients with normal ECG, among whom 30-day mortality was 16%, patients with ECG fulfilling criteria for prior myocardial infarction had higher mortality, 63%, odds ratio (OR) 9.61 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.02-55.6) adjusted for Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3 and patients with ST-T abnormalities had 50% mortality and OR 6.05 (95% CI 1.82-21.3) in univariate analysis. Both prior myocardial infarction pattern and ST-T pathology were associated with need for vasoactive treatment and higher peak plasma levels of troponin-I, NT-pro-BNP (N-terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide), and lactate during ICU stay compared to patients with normal ECG. Conclusion: ECG with prior myocardial infarction pattern or acute ST-T pathology at ICU admission is associated with death, need for vasoactive treatment and higher levels of biomarkers of cardiac damage and strain in severely ill COVID-19 patients, and should alert clinicians to a poor prognosis.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials ID: NCT04316884. Registered 20 March 2020, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04316884.
Temporal Dynamic Analysis of Land-use Change and its Economic Evaluation During a 21-year Period in a Diverse Land-use Configuration
Authors: Khiavi Hossein Talebi , Namini Seyyede Khamsa Asbaghian , Asaadi Mohammad Ali , Mostafazadeh Raoof 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Investigating the rate and the process of land-use change and its economic effects during the last years are among the main bases of land management in the future. East Meshgin region in Ardabil province is one of the agricultural production centers, where the construction of the Sabalan dam developed the agricultural activities. In this research, the six land uses, including rangeland, orchard, agriculture, bare land, outcrop, and water bodies during the years of 1998–1999, were classified using Landsat imagery. Also, the single and comprehensive dynamic land-use change indices were employed to compute the rate and process of land-use change. The land-use change matrix is developed in three time periods (1998–2003, 2003–2008, and 2013–2019). The economic evaluation of land use has been conducted during this period. The results showed that the highest rate of land-use change was converting the rangeland to bare lands. While in the period of 2008–2013, the highest rate of land-use change was rangeland conversion to agriculture lands that has caused increased net income by 4027,258 $. The collected data relates to the total period also confirms the change of rangeland use to bare lands. Also, the results of the single dynamic land-use change model show that in each period, the most change was related to water body land use. Among other land-uses, the highest rate of change was related to agricultural land use between 2013–2019 in the period of Sabalan dam operation. This study is performed to facilitate policymakers, planners, and other development stakeholders in this sector to adopt the best option for land-use management and sustainable land development.
Does the Diabetes Health Plan Have a Differential Impact on Medication Adherence Among Beneficiaries with Fewer Financial Resources?
Authors: Huang  , Turk MS Norman , Ettner Susan L. , Mangione  , Moin  , O'Shea  , Luchs MS Robert , Chan MS Charles , Duru  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The Diabetes Health Plan (DHP), a value-based insurance plan that reduces cost sharing, was previously shown to modestly increase employer-level medication adherence. However, it is unclear whether the DHP has a larger impact on individual-level medication adherence among lower- or higher-income beneficiaries. Methods: An employer-level propensity score match was done to identify suitable control employers, followed by individual-level propensity score weighting. These weights were applied to difference-in-difference (DID) models examining 1) the effect of the DHP and 2) the effect of income on changes in adherence to metformin, statins, and ACE/ARBs. The weights were then applied to a differences-in-differences-in-differences (DDD) model to estimate the differential impact of DHP status on changes in adherence by income group. This is a retrospective, quasi-experimental study.Results: There were no significant differences in changes to adherence for any medications between beneficiaries enrolled in the DHP versus standard plans. However, changes in adherence were higher for all medications among those in the highest income strata (>$75,000) versus those in the lowest income strata (<$50,000; p < 0.01). Finally, the DDD term examining the impact of income on the DHP effect was not significant for any comparisons. Conclusion: We did not find significant associations between the DHP and changes in individual-level medication adherence, even for low-income beneficiaries. New strategies to improve consumer engagement may be needed in order to translate value-based insurance designs into changes in patient behavior.
Contribution of Metasilicates Containing TENORM to Radon Activity Concentration in Building Materials
Authors: Nicolino Antonella , Ligato Mattia Rocco , Ferraro Mario , Procopio Salvatore 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Radon exhalation from soil and ores is among the most dangerous risks for the public health care. The impact becomes even more powerful when technological enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) are used for public and private building. Here, we report the realization of a down-scaled model of a building, whose construction materials contain TENORM harvested in a site in Crotone (Italy). We observe an increase of the radon activity in the model when TENORM residues are employed. These results have then been compared to a real use case. The correspondence found between the values of radon activity concentration in the model and in the use case suggests that estimating the radon concentration is an useful method to target TENORM presence inside buildings.
Housing Situation, Residential Relationship And The Prevention Of Chronic Diseases Of The Elderly
Authors: Duan Yajun , Luo Juan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background:To understand the impact of housing and living-related factors on the chronic diseases of the elderly floating population, and to provide preventive measures for reducing the risk of chronic diseases among the elderly floating population in my country.Methods: In this paper, we used the data from the 2017 National Floating Population Health and Family Planning Dynamic Detection Survey, selected housing and housing-related factors as explanatory variables, and adopted a binary logistic regression analysis method.Result: People living in free housing are more mobile and more susceptible to chronic diseases; most people in self-owned housing need to repay their mortgages in their daily lives, and there is a certain life pressure that affects them to enjoy a high-quality life; elderly floating population who migrate with spouses or children Life pressure is heavier, and there is a greater probability of chronic disease risk.Conclusion: This article proposes that all localities should strictly control housing prices, increase housing supply for the floating population, improve the service level of the elderly floating population, improve the social security system and mechanisms, and effectively improve the happiness of the elderly floating population.