bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Race reporting and representation in onychomycosis clinical trials: A systematic review
Authors: Chang Michelle J. , Qiu Yuqing , Lipner Shari R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundOnychomycosis is the most common nail disease seen in clinical practice. Inclusion of diverse groups in onychomycosis clinical trials subjects is necessary to generalise efficacy data.ObjectivesWe aimed to systematically review race and ethnicity reporting and representation, as well as, treatment outcomes in onychomycosis clinical trials.MethodsA PubMed search for onychomycosis clinical trials was performed in August 2020. Primary clinical trial data were included and post hoc analyses were excluded. Categorical variables were compared using chi‐squared and Fisher's exact tests. Statistical significance was set atp < .05. Photos in articles were categorised by Fitzpatrick skin type.ResultsOnly 32/182 (17.5%) trials reported on race and/or ethnicity and only one trial compared treatment efficacy in different subgroups. Darker skin colours were infrequently depicted in articles. Topical treatment, location with ≥1 US‐based site, industry funding type and publication date after 2000 were significantly associated with reporting of racial/ethnic data (p < .05 for all comparisons).LimitationsDemographics on excluded subjects and methods of recruitment were not available. Assigning Fitzpatrick skin type is inherently subjective.ConclusionsThis study highlights a need for consistent reporting of races and ethnicities of onychomycosis clinical trial participants with subgroup analyses of treatment efficacies.
Morphologic, cytochemical, and ultrastructural features of gray eosinophils in nine cats
Authors: Holmes Emma , Raskin Rose , McGill Paul , Szladovits Balázs 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundGray eosinophils, resembling those in sighthound dog breeds, have not previously been reported in cats.ObjectivesWe aimed to provide a morphologic, cytochemical, and ultrastructural description of gray eosinophils in cats.MethodsBlood films examined as part of routine hematology profiles in cats from May 2015 to July 2018 were evaluated for the presence of gray eosinophils. When identified with modified Wright stain, cells were morphologically assessed and additionally stained with Diff‐Quik, ALP, Luna, and Luxol fast blue stains and compared with feline controls. Two cases were prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and compared with a feline control.ResultsGray eosinophils were identified in 9 of 2641 cats during the study period. Compared with typical feline eosinophils, these cells contained abundant round granules instead of the characteristic rod‐shaped specific granules. These granules lacked the characteristic intense pink/red staining with Romanowsky stains and did not stain with ALP, Luna, or Luxol fast blue stains. On TEM, the classical electron‐dense core of these granules was replaced by a core with fragmented or amorphous internal material. Typical eosinophils were not identified in any cat in which gray eosinophils were identified.ConclusionsThe distinct morphologic, cytochemical, and ultrastructural changes in gray feline eosinophils might be associated with a reduction or lack of major basic protein (MBP) in specific granule cores. Similar to canine gray eosinophils, accurate recognition of these cells is essential to prevent their misclassification as toxic neutrophils.
Precursor‐targeted immune‐mediated anemia in a dog with a stage IV mast cell tumor and bone marrow infiltration
Authors: Akiyoshi Makoto , Hisasue Masaharu , Neo Sakurako , Akiyoshi Masami 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA 12‐year‐old spayed female Shiba Inu dog was referred to our hospital for a suspected mast cell tumor (MCT) of the bone marrow (BM). Laboratory abnormalities included severe nonregenerative anemia (packed cell volume or PCV: 12.5%; reference interval (RI): 37.3‐61.7%; reticulocytes: 35.1 × 103/µL; RI: 10‐110 × 103/µL), and a few mast cells were visualized in the blood smear examination. The BM was hypercellular with hematopoietic cells, a decreased myeloid:erythroid (M:E) ratio (0.77; RI, 0.9‐1.8), and no dysplastic hematopoietic cells. Mast cells accounted for 11.5% of the total nucleated BM cells. Neoplastic mast cells and histiocytes phagocytizing erythroid progenitor cells were occasionally noted. The dog was diagnosed with precursor‐targeted immune‐mediated anemia (PIMA) concurrent and a stage IV MCT infiltrating the BM. Multimodal treatment included toceranib, imatinib, vinblastine, lomustine (CCNU), prednisolone, cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and a blood transfusion. The dog died due to MCT progression lasting 139 days after the initial BM examination. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a dog presenting with PIMA and a stage IV MCT infiltrating the BM.
Treatment of murine partial thickness scald injuries with multipotent adult progenitor cells decreases inflammation and promotes angiogenesis leading to improved burn injury repair
Authors: Ahangar Parinaz , Mills Stuart J. , Smith Louise E. , Strudwick Xanthe L. , Ting Anthony E. , Vaes Bart , Cowin Allison J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractStem cells have been shown to have potential as a new therapy for burns and promote wound healing through decreasing inflammation and increasing angiogenesis. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC® cells) are a subpopulation of bone marrow‐derived stem cells with outstanding self‐renewal and differentiation capacity. MAPC cells also secrete a wide range of cytokines which can affect cellular activities. This article aimed to examine the effects of MAPC cells treatment on burn injury repair using a mouse model of partial thickness burn injury. The immunomodulatory effect of MAPC cells was investigated in vitro using a simultaneous T‐cell proliferation assay. Partial thickness burns were created on the dorsal surface of mice and MAPC cells were administered via intradermal injection to the wound margins 24 h post‐burn injury. The burn tissues were analysed macroscopically to determine wound area and histologically assessed to determine wound width and rate of re‐epithelialisation. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA were employed to assess cell proliferation, inflammation and angiogenesis and collagen deposition in the burn area. MAPC cells inhibit the proliferation of stimulated T cells in culture. Burns intradermally injected with MAPC cells showed a significant reduction in the macroscopic wound area, histologic wound width and had an increased rate of re‐epithelialisation. Immunohistochemistry and ELISA analysis of burn tissues showed dampened inflammation evidenced by a reduction in neutrophilic infiltration and modulation of inflammatory cytokines. Angiogenesis within the burn area was also improved in MAPC cell treated mice. However, no significant effect of MAPC cell treatment was observed on extracellular matrix production. Treatment of burns with MAPC cells improved burn injury repair with reduced time to healing, decreased inflammation and increased angiogenesis. These findings demonstrate the promising effects of MAPC cells on burn injury repair and suggest MAPC cells as a candidate source for clinical cell therapies.
Solution of Problems of Elasticity by the Framework Method
Authors: Hrennikoff A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Because of mathematical difficulties which make the solution of differential equations of the theory of elasticity impossible in many cases, the author has been impelled to seek some other method of approach than one of pure mathematical analysis. The method outlined in this paper is of this character and may with some qualifications be applied to problems of two-dimensional stress, bending of plates, bending of cylindrical shells, the general case of three-dimensional stress, and a great variety of others. Essentially, the method consists in replacing the continuous material of the elastic body being studied by a framework of bars arranged according to a definite pattern, the elements of which are endowed with elastic properties suitable to the type of problem. This framework is then analyzed, according to the procedure outlined in the paper for various types of elastic problems. Examples of the application of the principles involved are also given.
Steady Flow in the Transition Length of a Straight Tube
Authors: Langhaar Henry L. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
By means of a linearizing approximation, the Navier-Stokes equations are solved for the case of steady flow in the transition length of a straight tube. The family of velocity profiles is defined by Bessel functions, and the parameter of this family is tabulated against the axial co-ordinate in a dimensionless form. Hence, the length of transition is obtained. The curves give a comparison of the author’s calculations of the velocity field with those of other investigators, and with the experimental data of Nikuradse. The pressure function is derived from the computed velocity field by means of the energy equation, and the pressure drop in the transition length is defined by a dimensionless constant m, which is computed to be 2.28. A discussion of this constant is given in the conclusions.
Some Dynamic Properties of Rubber
Authors: Harris C. O. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the investigation described in this paper was to obtain information concerning the dynamic properties of rubber bonded to metal. Two properties of rubber were measured (a) the internal damping and (b) the dynamic modulus of elasticity. Two types of specimens were tested (a) rubber cylinders bonded to steel cylinders at the ends and stressed in compression and (b) specimens of rubber bonded to steel and stressed in shear. All specimens were of the same stock, 5140-V-4, manufactured by the U. S. Rubber Company. The hardness, as measured by the durometer, varied from 32 to 40. In the process of bonding to the steel, a 1/32-in. layer of 60-durometer stock was added adjacent to each piece of steel. This represents standard practice of the U. S. Rubber Company in bonding soft stock to metal. All specimens were cured for 30 min at 279 F.
Stress Distributions in Cylindrically Aeolotropic Plates
Authors: Carrier G. F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The subject of this paper is the mathematical analysis of the distribution of stress in thin plates of cylindrically aeolotropic material. The plane-stress theory leading to the general solution of this problem under arbitrary boundary conditions is developed in a manner analogous to that used in the corresponding problem involving isotropic materials. The analogy between the plane-stress and plane-strain problems is the same as in the isotropic case, and hence needs no discussion. The following problems are solved: The ring under uniform radial internal and external pressure; the extension of this problem to include the case of the complete disk; the rotating disk; the curved beam bent by end couples; the dislocation problems of the ring; the hydrostatic-stress problem; the force and the couple applied to the vertex of a wedge; and the force applied at a point in the infinite plate. Stresses and displacements are plotted for the first four of the foregoing problems, showing the effect of the degree of anisotropy.
The Free Lateral Vibrations of a Cantilever Beam With a Terminal Dashpot
Authors: McBride E. J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper first presents the results of the solution of the problem of the longitudinally vibrating beam with a terminal dashpot, some of the more interesting features of which are explained in detail. A brief statement is also given of the corresponding results in the single-degree-of-freedom system. Following this, the results for the laterally vibrating cantilever beam with a terminal dashpot are discussed; the details of this analysis are stated; and a résumé of the general results are presented.
Beta-decay studies for applied and basic nuclear physics
Authors: Algora A. , Tain J. L. , Rubio B. , Fallot M. , Gelletly W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this review we will present the results of recent $$\beta $$
β
-decay studies using the total absorption technique that cover topics of interest for applications, nuclear structure and astrophysics. The decays studied were selected primarily because they have a large impact on the prediction of (a) the decay heat in reactors, important for the safety of present and future reactors and (b) the reactor electron anti-neutrino spectrum, of interest for particle/nuclear physics and reactor monitoring. For these studies the total absorption technique was chosen, since it is the only method that allows one to obtain $$\beta $$
β
-decay probabilities free from a systematic error called the Pandemonium effect. The total absorption technique is based on the detection of the $$\gamma $$
γ
cascades that follow the initial $$\beta $$
β
decay. For this reason the technique requires the use of calorimeters with very high $$\gamma $$
γ
detection efficiency. The measurements presented and discussed here were performed mainly at the IGISOL facility of the University of Jyväskylä (Finland) using isotopically pure beams provided by the JYFLTRAP Penning trap. Examples are presented to show that the results of our measurements on selected nuclei have had a large impact on predictions of both the decay heat and the anti-neutrino spectrum from reactors. Some of the cases involve $$\beta $$
β
-delayed neutron emission thus one can study the competition between $$\gamma $$
γ
- and neutron-emission from states above the neutron separation energy. The $$\gamma $$
γ
-to-neutron emission ratios can be used to constrain neutron capture (n,$$\gamma $$
γ
) cross sections for unstable nuclei of interest in astrophysics. The information obtained from the measurements can also be used to test nuclear model predictions of half-lives and Pn values for decays of interest in astrophysical network calculations. These comparisons also provide insights into aspects of nuclear structure in particular regions of the nuclear chart.
Down type iso-singlet quarks at the HL-LHC and FCC-hh
Authors: Paul Arpon , Sekmen Sezen , Unel Gokhan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study the discovery potential of down type iso-singlet quarks, D, predicted by the $$E_6$$

E
6

GUT model in the $${pp\rightarrow D\bar{D}\rightarrow ZZd\bar{d} \rightarrow \ell ^+\ell ^-\ell ^+\ell ^- d\bar{d}}$$

p
p
→
D

D

¯

→
Z
Z
d

d

¯

→

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

ℓ
+

ℓ
-

d

d

¯

channel, at the HL-LHC and FCC-hh colliders. The analysis is performed using a high level analysis description language and its runtime interpreter. The study shows that, using solely this channel, HL-LHC can discover D quarks up to a mass of 730 GeV whereas FCC-hh up to 2980 GeV with data collected in their complete run periods.
Enhanced position resolution for ZnS:Ag/$$^6$$LiF wavelength shifting fibre thermal neutron detectors
Authors: Mauri Giacomo , Sykora G. J. , Schooneveld E. M. , Rhodes N. J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe high neutron intensity, improvements in neutron delivery and increasingly more complex experiments at neutron scattering facilities, i.e. J-PARC, SNS, ISIS, CSNS and ESS, which is presently under construction, drive the development of neutron scattering instruments and their associated detectors. High position resolution is one of the most demanding detector requirements and is particularly relevant of neutron reflectometry applications. Scintillator detectors using ZnS:Ag/$$^6$$

6

LiF coupled to wavelength shifting fibre (WLSF) are currently employed in several neutron scattering facilities, including J-PARC, SNS, ISIS and CSNS. For WLSF-based scintillation detectors, the position reconstruction is routinely achieved by determining the combination of fibres that absorb scintillation light. The use of position reconstruction algorithms, analysing light spread in the system, leads to an increase in the position resolution. The optimisation of a centre of gravity interpolation method for linear position-sensitive detectors has been developed, and a factor 2 improvement in position sensitivity has been achieved. The investigation of the light spread over the fibres and the detector performance in correlation with the reconstructed position resolution are discussed.
Dynamic magnetic hysteresis loop features of a mixed spin (1/2, 1) Ising system on a hexagonal lattice using path probability method
Authors: Gençaslan Mustafa , Keskin Mustafa 
Published: March 2021

Batı and Ertaş [Physica B 513 (2017) 40] presented a study of dynamic magnetic hysteresis loop properties (DMHLFs) of a mixed spin (1/2, 1) Ising system (IS) on a hexagonal lattice within the mean-field theory based on the Glauber dynamics approach. They observed a number of interesting DMHLFs. We extended the investigation of DMHLFs of a mixed spin (1/2, 1) IS on a hexagonal lattice using the path probability method. We also examined the influences of the rate constants on DMHLFs as well as magnetic coercive fields and remanent magnetizations. We observed that some of our results are in quantitatively good agreement with some theoretical works on various ISs and experimental reported works on some magnetic materials as well as works within the melt-spinning method. We also found that the effects of rate constants are more effective on DMHLFs of the magnetization of spin-1 particles than loops of the magnetization of spin-1/2 particles.
Bond Deterioration of Corroded-Damaged Reinforced Concrete Structures Exposed to Severe Aggressive Marine Environment
Authors: Dacuan Cecielle N. , Abellana Virgilio Y. 
Published: March 2021

Cracks lead to a reduction of the bond between concrete and reinforcing steel rebars. A considerable decrease in the bond strength is more dangerous to a structural element’s safety than the loss of the cross-sectional steel reinforcement area. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the bond strength of corroded-damaged structures exposed to severely aggressive marine environments. Eighteen (18) cube specimens with dimensions of

200

mm

x

200

mm

were cast. They were reinforced with three (3) different diameters of deformed steel and were grouped as unconfined and confined. The specimen was accelerated under a simulated corrosive environment. The experiment results reveal that the bond strength of concrete and steel reinforcement is susceptible to corrosion levels. The degree of corrosion significantly affects the bond strength of concrete and steel. The bond strength and the average crack width have a strong correlation; a minimal amount of corrosion with a minimum crack width of 0.03 mm after cracking reduces the bond strength to an unacceptable level. Stirrups confinement has a significant influence on the bond strength; it provides an excellent means to counteract bond loss. The loss of bond directly affects the serviceability and ultimate strength of reinforced concrete structures. There is an exponential relationship between cement and steel reinforcement’s bond strength with the serviceability and residual strength of reinforced concrete structures.
Neural Networks to Estimate Generalized Propensity Scores for Continuous Treatment Doses
Authors: Collier Zachary K. , Leite Walter L. , Karpyn Allison 
Published: March 2021

Background: The generalized propensity score (GPS) addresses selection bias due to observed confounding variables and provides a means to demonstrate causality of continuous treatment doses with propensity score analyses. Estimating the GPS with parametric models obliges researchers to meet improbable conditions such as correct model specification, normal distribution of variables, and large sample sizes. Objectives: The purpose of this Monte Carlo simulation study is to examine the performance of neural networks as compared to full factorial regression models to estimate GPS in the presence of Gaussian and skewed treatment doses and small to moderate sample sizes. Research design: A detailed conceptual introduction of neural networks is provided, as well as an illustration of selection of hyperparameters to estimate GPS. An example from public health and nutrition literature uses residential distance as a treatment variable to illustrate how neural networks can be used in a propensity score analysis to estimate a dose–response function of grocery spending behaviors. Results: We found substantially higher correlations and lower mean squared error values after comparing true GPS with the scores estimated by neural networks. The implication is that more selection bias was removed using GPS estimated with neural networks than using GPS estimated with classical regression. Conclusions: This study proposes a new methodological procedure, neural networks, to estimate GPS. Neural networks are not sensitive to the assumptions of linear regression and other parametric models and have been shown to be a contender against parametric approaches to estimate propensity scores for continuous treatments.
Atrial fibrillation – Can HbA1c levels really predict the risk?
Authors: Narayan Pradeep , Mandal Chandan Kumar , Das Rajlakshmi , Das Debasis , Ghorai Paramita Auddya , Chowdhury Saibal Roy , Das Mrinalendu 
Published: March 2021

Background Diabetes is associated with higher mortality and worse post-operative outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and HbA1c levels have consistently been reported to be associated with adverse post-operative outcomes. However, the role of HbA1c still remains unclear with regards to the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. Method Data for the patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting was analysed in a retrospective fashion. Patients were divided into–those with HbA1c < 6.5% and those with HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and the incidence of atrial fibrillation observed in these two groups. We also compared patient who developed atrial fibrillation in the post-operative period and compared them with those who did not. Results Of the 5259 patients included in the study HbA1c was <6.5 in 2808 (53.4%) patients and was ≥6.5 in 2451 (46.6%) patients; 623 (11.8%) patients in our study developed atrial fibrillation. Onset of atrial fibrillation in the post-operative period was seen most commonly 235 (38.3%) on between 24 and 48 h after the operation with more than half of them 338 (54.2%) occurring within the first 48 h. On multivariate analysis, HbA1c was not a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (odd’s ratio 1.144, 95% confidence interval 0.967–1.354). Only increased age (odd’s ratio 1.08; 95% confidence interval 1.069–1.091); EuroSCORE (odd’s ratio 1.073; 95% confidence interval 1.048–1.099); history of recent MI (odd’s ratio 0.768; 95% confidence interval 0.606–0.971) and peripheral vascular disease (odd’s ratio 1.667; 95% confidence interval 1.091–2.517) were found to be independently associated with increased risk of atrial fibrillation in the post-operative period. Conclusions After adjusting for confounders HbA1c levels do not independently predict risk of atrial fibrillation after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.