bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benzylmalonyl-Coa Dehydrogenase, An Enzyme Involved in Bacterial Auxin Degradation
Authors: Schühle Karola , Saft Martin , Vögeli Bastian , Erb Tobias J. , Heider Johann 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A novel acyl-CoA dehydrogenase involved in auxin degradation in Aromatoleum aromaticum was identified as a decarboxylating benzylmalonyl-CoA dehydrogenase (IaaF). It is encoded within the iaa operon coding for enzymes of auxin catabolism. Using enzymatically produced benzylmalonyl-CoA, the reaction was characterized as simultaneous oxidation and decarboxylation of benzylmalonyl-CoA to cinnamoyl-CoA and CO2. Oxygen served as electron acceptor and was reduced to H2O2, whereas electron transfer flavoprotein or artificial dyes serving as electron acceptors for other acyl-CoA dehydrogenases were not accepted. The enzyme is homotetrameric, contains an FAD cofactor and is enantiospecific in benzylmalonyl-CoA turnover. It shows high catalytic efficiency and strong substrate inhibition with benzylmalonyl-CoA, but otherwise accepts only a few medium-chain alkylmalonyl-CoA compounds as alternative substrates with low activities. Its reactivity of oxidizing 2-carboxyacyl-CoA with simultaneous decarboxylation is unprecedented and indicates a modified reaction mechanism for acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, where elimination of the 2-carboxy group replaces proton abstraction from C2.
Identification of the Terpenoid Compounds and Behavioral Assays of Alarm Pheromones in the Vetch Aphid Megoura Viciae
Authors: Song Xuan , Qin Yao-Guo , Yin Yue , Li Zheng-Xi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Aphids are destructive insect pests worldwide, and alarm pheromones play a key role in their chemical ecology. However, the composition and key active components of alarm pheromone differentiate among aphid species. Here we conducted a detailed analysis of the terpenoid compounds in the vetch aphid Megoura viciae and its host plant Pisum sativum by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that a variety of terpenoid compounds existed in the aphid, with four major terpene components, i.e., (-)-β-pinene (49.74%), (E)-β-farnesene (32.64%), (-)-α-pinene (9.42%) and (+)-limonene (5.24%), in addition to a trace amount of minor terpenoid components (3.14%). In contrast, the terpenoid compounds were relatively scarce in the host plant, mainly consisting of squalene (66.13%) and its analogue 2,3-epoxysqualene (31.59%) in addition to some minor components. Quantitative analysis of the dynamics of four major terpene components during different developmental stages showed that the monoterpenes increased with continuous development, while the sesquiterpene reached peak at the 3rd -instar; all terpene components remained at a high level in the 4th -instar, with (-)-β-pinene accounting for the highest proportion during all developmental stages. Behavioral assays with single components and mixtures at different concentrations were conducted in a three-compartment olfactometer, revealing that the repellent activities of single components varied in a concentration-dependent manner, but two mixtures (1:44.4:6.5:2.2 and 1:18.4:1.3:0.8) prepared according to the proportions of four major components at the 3rd - and 4th -instar stages maintained a significant repellent activity at all concentrations tested. Our results suggested that (-)-α-pinene and (-)-β-pinene were the major active components of alarm pheromone in M. viciae, but the mixtures of single components play a key role in the alarm behavior of M. viciae. Our study helps to understand the chemical ecology of insects and design alternative control strategies against aphids.
Electrolyte and Acid-base Disturbances in Emergency High-risk Abdominal Surgery, A Retrospective Study
Authors: Cihoric Mirjana , Kehlet Henrik , Lauritsen Morten Laksafoss , Højlund Jakob , Foss Nicolai Bang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDPatients undergoing emergency high-risk abdominal surgery potentially suffer from both systemic dehydration and hypovolaemia. Data on the prevalence and clinical impact of electrolyte disturbances in this patient group, specifically the potential differences in patients with intestinal obstruction (IO) versus perforated viscus (PV) is lacking. METHODSIn this retrospective single center cohort study, adult patients undergoing emergency high-risk abdominal surgery in a standardized perioperative pathway were included. Electrolyte and arterial blood gas analysis were measured prior to and just after surgery. Prevalence and clinical impact of electrolyte disturbances were assessed. RESULTSA total of 354 patients were included in the study. Acid-base and electrolyte disturbances had a high incidence in both groups with preoperative alkalemia dominating preoperatively, significantly more prevalent in IO (45 vs.32%, p<.001), and acidosis being most pronounced postoperatively in PV (49 vs. 28%, p<.0001). Preoperative hypochloraemia and hypokalemia were more prevalent in the IO group (34 vs 20 % and 37 vs 25 % respectively). Hyponatremia was highly prevalent in both IO and PV. Of the electrolyte and acid-base disturbances pre- and postoperative hypochloremia were the only ones independently associated with day-30 postoperative major complications and/or death in patients with IO, OR 2.87 (1.35, 6.23) p= 0.006 and OR 6.86 (1.71, 32.2) p= 0.009 respectively. Hypochloremic patients presented with reduced long-term survival as compared with the normo- and hyperchloremic patients, with postoperative hypochloremia having the most pronounced association (p<0.05). Neither plasma sodium nor potassium showed association with outcome.CONCLUSIONThese observations suggest that both acute high risk abdominal patient have frequent preoperative alkalosis shifting to postoperative acidosis, and that both pre- and postoperative hypochloremia are independently associated with both impaired short- and long-term outcome in patients with intestinal obstruction, which potential implications for the choice of resuscitations fluids. Research on pathophysiology and treatment strategies for electrolyte disturbances are needed in patients undergoing emergency high- risk abdominal surgery.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies reveal NF-kappa B as a strong therapeutic drug target for COVID19
Authors: Ahmad Shaban , Bhanu Piyush , Kumar Jitendra , Pathak Ravi Kant , Mallick Dharmendra , Mishra Vachaspati 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
COVID19 caused due to SARS-CoV2, is rampant world wide and human beings with previous history of other major ailments are increasingly at risk of mortality due to this disease in a predetermined manner. Countries have developed vaccines claiming to counter the SARS-CoV2 virus to a great extent. However, convincing evidences are lacking in this regard as mortality post-vaccination is not uncommon, though exact reason of the morbidity is unknown yet. Our current work primarily focuses on molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) targeting NF-kappa B (NF-κB), the well-known human transcription factor that controls innate and adaptive immunity, with an aim to understand its mechanism of action under COVID19 virus load in humans. To understand this, NF-κB was made to interact with spike protein of SARS-CoV2 in an in silico experimental design employing Molecular Dynamics Simulation (MDS) studies. Some interesting findings were made revealing the site of NF-κB at which spike protein of SARS-CoV2 interacts. We attempted to subject some known drugs to be screened based on their docking studies with nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) to MDS studies. MDS Software Schrodinger generated more than 2000 complexes from these compounds and structure exportation was hence not possible. Using the SMILE IDs of 243 ligands, we generated a total of 411 confirmers employing the ligand preparation wizard. These were docked at the active site using the Glide program. A drug named Sulindac sodium (Molecular Formula C20H16FO3S) was found having ability to target NF-κB and can be repurposed for controlling SARS-CoV2 based on the positive results obtained during MDS analysis. This drug showed potency to block the spike protein’s interaction with NF-κB by bringing about a conformational change in the latter. It is hypothesized presently that NF-κB activation that leads to migration of this molecule to nucleus for gene transcription and immunity inhibition, is triggered either directly by binding of spike protein to NF-κB or spike protein’s interaction with some pathway kinase that phosphorylates IκBs, another molecule essential to get released from the NF-κB-IκB complex, to set NF-κB free to get translocated to nucleus for action. Arguably, NF-κB inaction is desired to allow normal immunity to become functional and can possibly be retained using our repurposed drug-based interaction. This work provides a significant lead in the knowledge on drug development for tackling SARS-CoV2 and its various mutant forms by blocking the functioning of the virus in a NF-κB-dependent manner in host tissues and opens up new vistas in controlling critical state SARS-CoV2 disease.
Changes in Chinese Patients' Trust in Doctor:a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: LIU Yuting , WANG Pei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: To understand how patient’s trust has changed over time in China and explore the influencing factors of the changes.Methods: Databases were systematically searched from inception to Jan 1, 2020 for studies of patient’s trust in China investigating the change of the patient’s trust over time and the factors which influence the trust.Results: The cross-temporal meta-analysis results showed that the total trust, benevolence trust and technical competence trust of Chinese patients decreased rapidly across the year of data collection. The related meta-analysis results showed that trust and patient demographic variables have a weak but significant correlation (gender: r = 0·032; 95% CI 0·012, 0·052; p = 0·002; age: r = 0·079; 95% CI 0·047, 0·111; p < 0·001; education: r = 0·092; 95% CI 0·054, 0·131; p < 0·001). The medical policy stage and patient type had a significant influence on changes of trust.Conclusion: Patients’ trust in doctors have declined with increasing years, and farmer-friendly policy, conflicts and individuals’ characteristics influence patients’ trust.Practice implication: Chinese government should attach importance to the public welfare-oriented policies. Medical institutions need pay more attention to the diverse trust levels of different patient groups and strengthen the training of doctors’ benevolence skills.
Health promotion interventions to increase cervical cancer screening uptake in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Afaya Agani , Konlan Kennedy Diema , Mensah Eugenia , Suuk Amos Nawunimali , Kombat Damata Issahaku , Hayford Linda , Yakong Vida Nyagre 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women and approximately 500,000 new cases are diagnosed yearly. It is increasingly imperative to use effective methods of early detection and initialization of treatment for cervical cancer especially among women from vulnerable poor communities through the initiation of effective health promotion interventions. This study will coalesce the sporadic, and uncoordinated interventions that have been used by researchers to give a single unit that describes and assess the most effective means of health promotion interventions. Methods: The PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review methodology will be used to guide the reporting of this scoping review. The three-step search strategy for scoping reviews will be adopted to electronically search databases such as PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL via EBSCOhost), Web of Science, and EMBASE. After search completion, the citations of the articles will be imported to EndNote X9 (version 1.19.6) reference manager for screening, removal of duplicates, and storage. Two of the researchers (AA, KDK) will independently screen the titles and abstracts in accordance with the inclusion criteria specified in this protocol. The proposed review will consider primary published peer-review articles published articles in English language from 2010-2021. Data extracted from selected studies will include author(s), publication year, country, research design and aim, study population, interventions, outcome measure, and major findings. The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews and Research Syntheses will be used to assess the quality of the included articles.Discussion: We envisage that the findings from this review will firstly identify the various types of interventions implemented in the sub-Saharan African countries to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening. Secondly, the findings will provide an overview of the outcome measures and identify effective interventions implemented in all the studies to increase cervical cancer uptake in SSA. Finally, the review will guide future research in developing, implementing, and evaluating appropriate health promotion interventions tailored towards increasing cervical cancer screening uptake.Scoping review registration: The review has been registered in the Open Science Framework with the registration number (osf.io/yad46)
Interstitial Washdown and Vascular Albumin Refill During Fluid Infusion: Novel Kinetic Analysis From Three Clinical Trials
Authors: Hahn Robert , Dull Randal O 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims. Increased capillary filtration may paradoxically accelerate vascular refill of both fluid and albumin from the interstitial space, which are claimed to be edema-preventing. We characterized “interstitial washdown” by kinetic analyses of the hemodilution induced by intravenous infusion of crystalloid fluid during 3 distinctphysiological states.Methods. The dilution of blood hemoglobin and plasma albumin was compared by population volume kinetic analysis during and after intravenous infusion Ringer´s solution over 30 min in 24 conscious volunteers and 30 anesthetized patients. Data were also retrieved from 31 patients with ketoacidosis from hyperglycemia who received 1 L of0.9% saline. Greater plasma dilution of hemoglobin as compared to albumin indicated recruitment of albumin.Results. “Interstitial washdown” increased plasma albumin concentration by 0.6 g/L in volunteers, by 1.0 g/L during anesthesia, and by 0.3 g/L in ketoacidosis patients. The albumin concentration in extravascular fluid returning to the plasma was approximately 29, 29, and 22 g/L during the respective infusions, but decreased to an average of 50% to 75% lower during the subsequent 2-3 h. Pronounced washdown was associated with increased capillary filtration (high k12) and, in conscious subjects, with fluid retention due to restricted urine flow. During anesthesia, the main effect was an increase the nonexchangeable fluid volume (“third-spacing”).Conclusions. Fluid infusion induces interstitial washdown by accelerated lymphatic flow and an increase in plasma albumin. The mechanism becomes exhausted after 2-3 hours. Albumin refill helps retain infused volume within the vascular compartment.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Benin (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Benin, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Burkina Faso (#CCG)
Authors: Allington Lucy , Cannone Carla , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Hirmer Stephanie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Burkina Faso, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and three stylized scenarios (Fossil Future, Least Cost and Net Zero by 2050) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Burundi (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Cronin Jen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Burundi, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.
Agricultural mechanization in Ethiopia: enabling policy, suppliers and inter-regional heterogeneity
Authors: Deribe Yared , Getnet Bisrat 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Agriculture in Ethiopia heavily relies on traditional farm power sources and is characterized by the lowest access to farm machinery in contrast to other places in SSA. The study analyzed the factors and gaps in the delivery of mechanization inputs through the qualitative survey of the supply chain actors. Furthermore, the study involved the crossectional survey of the producer households in the major crop production areas of Oromia, SNNPR, Amhara, and Tigray regions. Results: The recent policy amendment resulted in a reduction in the price of farm machinery while it excludes spare parts in isolation and raw materials for manufacturing. The counter influence of the simultaneous depreciation of the exchange rate has undermined the likely impacts of the tax benefits. The major deterring issues in the machinery supply system include the high shortage of foreign currency, the upsurging price of spare parts, and shortage of trained machinery operators. A formal survey tells that a significant proportion of the areas have no access to mechanization while in some parts of the country, utilization of the combine harvester reached full coverage and a large proportion of the farmers use tractor power.Conclusions: Maintaining a healthy business competition among imports and the manufacturing sector remained an important policy gap. The mechanization hiring costs, service transactions, and coordination have shown significant variability across the crop potential production areas. Resolving of the supply side encounters, development of the hiring service market, and reduction of transaction cost are the key areas of interventions in the mechanization supply and demand systems.
Selected ‘Starter Kit’ energy system modelling data for Djibouti (#CCG)
Authors: Cannone Carla , Allington Lucy , Pappis Ioannis , Barron Karla Cervantes , Usher Will , Pye Steve , Brown Edward , Howells Mark , Walker Miriam Zachau , Ahsan Aniq , Charbonnier Flora , Halloran Claire , Hirmer Stephanie , Taliotis Constantinos , Sundin Caroline , Sridha Vignesh , Ramos Eunice , Brinkerink Maarten , Deane Paul , Gritsevskyi Andrii , Moura Gustavo , Rouget Arnaud , Wogan David , Barcelona Edito , Rogner Holger , Cronin Jen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Energy system modelling can be used to assess the implications of different scenarios and support improved policymaking. However, access to data is often a barrier to starting energy system modelling in developing countries, thereby causing delays. Therefore, this article provides data that can be used to create a simple zero order energy system model for Djibouti, which can act as a starting point for further model development and scenario analysis. The data are collected entirely from publicly available and accessible sources, including the websites and databases of international organizations, journal articles, and existing modelling studies. This means that the dataset can be easily updated based on the latest available information or more detailed and accurate local data. These data were also used to calibrate a simple energy system model using the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS) and two stylized scenarios (Fossil Future and Least Cost) for 2020–2050. The assumptions used and results of these scenarios are presented in the appendix as an illustrative example of what can be done with these data. This simple model can be adapted and further developed by in-country analysts and academics, providing a platform for future work.