bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hirudotherapy (medicinal leeches) for treatment of upper airway obstruction in a dog
Authors: Trenholme H. Nicole , Masseau Isabelle , Reinero Carol R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe upper airway obstruction (UAO) in a dog treated with medicinal leeches (hirudotherapy) as an ancillary therapy to hasten recovery.Case SummaryA 10‐month‐old neutered female Mastiff presented for acute respiratory distress. On admission, the dog was tachycardic, cyanotic, and orthopneic; stridor was audible. A 10‐cm soft tissue swelling in the right ventral cervical region and bruising around the rostral mandible were noted. At the time of endotracheal intubation, the trachea was deviated to the right as a consequence of severe soft tissue swelling that was contiguous with the sublingual hematoma and cervical region, causing loss of visualization of the arytenoids. A computed tomography with contrast scan of the head, neck, and thorax was performed, showing severe soft tissue swelling of the tongue, obliteration of the common pharyngeal/laryngeal regions from suspected hemorrhage, and rightward displacement of pharynx, larynx, and proximal trachea. Marked diffuse bronchial/bronchiolar thickening associated with bronchiolectasis and diffuse opacification of the pulmonary parenchyma with regions of consolidation were noted. The dog was minimally hypercoagulable on thromboelastography. The imaging results together with results of bronchoalveolar lavage cytology supported a comorbidity of eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy. Intubation was maintained with infusions of propofol and fentanyl, with minimal changes in oropharyngeal swelling within the first 18 hours of treatment. Medicinal leeches were then applied to the sublingual and cervical regions. There was continued slow bleeding from the sites of leech detachment, and the dog was able to be extubated at 44 hours, followed by hospital discharge.New/Unique Information ProvidedLeeches are utilized in human medicine for treatment of UAO. Although UAO from hemorrhage has been described in dogs, this is the first report of medicinal leeches (Hirudo verbana) as complementary treatment for sublingual hematoma that contributed to UAO.
Soft Computing—A Way Ahead to Recover Heat Flux for Short Duration Experiments
Authors: Rout Anil Kumar , Nanda Soumya Ranjan , Sahoo Niranjan , Kalita Pankaj , Kulkarni Vinayak 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The present investigations provide a pathway for implementation of soft computing-based Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) technique for prediction of surface heat flux from short duration temperature measurement in shock tubes or shock tunnels. Computational modeling of a coaxial thermal probe (CTP) is carried out to get the necessary temperature-time histories for different temporal variations of applied heat loads. Different possible inputs are assessed while defining the most suitable ANFIS structure for the recovery of step or ramp heat loads. This proposition is then tested for recovery of heat flux in a given range or of given time history. In each case, the uncertainty band is found to be in the acceptable range. The final assessment of this novel methodology is performed for recovery of heat flux signal from temperature measurement in a shock tube-based experiment. An in-house fabricated fast response CTP, prepared from chromel (3.25 mm diameter and 10 mm length) and constantan (0.91 mm diameter and 15 mm length) is used for these experiments. The surface heat flux recovered from the experimental signal using ANFIS is seen to have excellent agreement with the conventional analytical method in terms of both trend and magnitude, within an uncertainty band of ± 2%. Therefore, present investigations advocate the use of soft computing technique for heat flux recovery in a short duration temperature measurement due to its accuracy of prediction, lesser complexities in mathematical modeling, and being less computationally intensive.
Experimental Study on Temperature Change by Cavitation Accompanying Self-Pressurization of Propellant for Small Rocket Engines
Authors: Yasuda Kazuki , Nakata Daisuke , Uchiumi Masaharu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As a propellant for hybrid rocket engines using liquid oxidizer and solid fuel and for liquid rocket engines, the use of self-pressurized fluids such as nitrous oxide has become widespread. Since these fluids can be self-pressurized by their high saturated vapor pressure, the propulsion system becomes smaller and simpler. However, this self-pressurization generally forms a gas–liquid two-phase flow by flashing or cavitation. This flow is considered highly unsteady because the temperature and pressure greatly change with the discharge process. In this study, unsteady flow characteristics due to self-pressurization were experimentally obtained by conducting many cold flow tests with carbon dioxide as self-pressurizing fluids. As a result, it was clarified that the fluid temperature dropped about 10–15 K with the pressure drop due to feedline pressure loss during the discharge process. From these experimental results, we estimated the bubble growth and void fraction change that would satisfy the temperature drop. In this paper, the obtained test results and estimated temperature drop are reported.
Micro Encapsulated Phase Change Material for the Application in Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Sulzgruber Verena , Unterlass Miriam , Cavalli Tobia , Walter Heimo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The pursuit of CO2 reduction targets has increased the need of storage capacities for renewable energy or thermal energy to enhance the efficiency of industrial processes. To combine the benefits of latent and sensible thermal energy storage systems, the concept of micro encapsulated phase change material is presented. The microparticles are designed to work in a high-temperature thermal energy storage system considering economic and technical points of view. Therefore, particles of sodium nitrate are physio-mechanical coated with polyimide by using spray-drying in a fluidized bed reactor. To evaluate the influence of the process conditions, several coating experiments with different process settings are performed. Afterward, the samples are analyzed to determine their properties. Besides a microscopic and a sieving analysis, they are tested in the laboratory to define their mechanical and thermal limits. Finally, a rough layout of a thermal energy storage system using the produced particles is presented and compared to a common sensible thermal energy storage.
A Numerical Approach to Investigate the Impact of Acid-Asphaltene Sludge Formation on Wormholing During Carbonate Acidizing
Authors: Khurshid Ilyas , Al-Shalabi Emad W. , Afgan Imran , Al-Attar Hazim 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCarbonate acidization is the process of creating wormholes by injecting acid to increase reservoir permeability and oil production. Nevertheless, some reservoir oils are problematic with low asphaltene stability, which affects the wormholing process. The interactions between acid, rock, and asphaltene lead to acid-asphaltene sludge formation, which reduces oil productivity and acid injectivity. Neglecting this sludge formation leads to over predicting the depth of the wormhole penetration. Therefore, a numerical model was developed in this study to provide a better understanding of acid-asphaltene sludge formation effect on wormhole creation and propagation in carbonates. A one-dimensional radial model was developed by coupling fluid flow equations in porous media with asphaltene deposition and acid-asphaltene reactions. Then, the developed model was validated and utilized to investigate the effects of different parameters on wormholing including asphaltene presence, acid injection volume and concentration, formation temperature and porosity, and asphaltene concentration. Results showed that acid injection in carbonates with asphaltenic oils reduce wormhole penetration from 40% to total pore blockage as opposed to reservoirs without asphaltene deposition. The findings also highlighted that shallow wormhole penetration is more pronounced with a high volume of acid injection, high porous formations, less diluted acid, and a high concentration of asphaltene. In addition, there is an optimum acid injection volume at which wormhole penetration is high and its infiltration is deep into the formation. This is the first work to discuss modeling of acid-asphaltene sludge formation and subsequent wormhole development in carbonates, which is particularly important for problematic crude oils.
Pressure Transient Analysis for Fracture-Cavity Carbonate Reservoirs With Large-Scale Fractures–Caves in Series Connection
Authors: Xing Cuiqiao , Yin Hongjun , Yuan Hongfei , Fu Jing , Xu Guohan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs are noncontinuous and highly heterogeneous with the present of large-scale fractures, cavities, and erosion pores. The multiscale and diversity of medium in reservoirs have a noticeable influence on the transient pressure analysis. In the typical curve matching, the connection between large-scale fractures and cavities must be considered. Unfortunately, the current well-testing model cannot be used to analyze the date of fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs. The aim of this study is to develop an efficient well-testing model to obtain parameters and number of large-scale fractures and cavities. To solve the aforementioned problem, a pressure-transient analysis model for fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir with radial composite reservoir, multiscale fractures–caves in series connection, and dual-porosity medium (fracture and erosion pore) is established in this study. Laplace transformation is used to solve the mathematical model. The linear flow in the main fractures and the radial flow of caves drainage area are solved by coupling. The pressure-transient curves of the bottom hole have been obtained with the numerical inversion algorithms. The typical curves for the well-testing model are drawn. Nine flow stages and variation characteristics of typical curves are analyzed. The sensitivity analyses for different parameters are carried out. From the calculations, with the increasing in the length of large-scale fractures, the duration of linear flow is increased. While the radius of cave is the bigger, the convex and concave are the larger. Therefore, the location and the size of caves and large-scale fractures can be analyzed. As a field example, actual test data are analyzed by the established model. An efficient well-testing model is developed, and it can be used to interpret the actual pressure data for fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs.
The Influence of Pressure on Flame-Flow Characteristics of a Reacting Jet in Crossflow
Authors: Otero Michelle , Genova Tommy , Stiehl Bernhard , Morales Anthony J. , Martin Scott , Ahmed Kareem A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This work experimentally investigates the effects of elevated combustor pressures on the characteristics of a lean premixed reacting methane/air jet injected into a lean vitiated crossflow using a 12.7 mm axial jet. Experiments were conducted in an axially staged combustor, which implements a reacting jet in crossflow (RJIC) configuration and operates over a pressure range of 1−5 atmospheres. Simultaneous CH* chemiluminescence and particle image velocimetry (PIV) are used to study the flow field and flame behavior. The results show that the reacting jet trajectory exhibits greater penetration with elevated pressure, which is a novel finding compared to available data in the literature. However, the flame liftoff point and ignition delay time both decreased with elevated pressure, which was attributed to decreased vorticity along the flame boundary which corresponds to increased Damköhler numbers (Da). Emissions measurements confirm the NOx increase with pressure as reported in the literature for single-stage gas turbine combustors. Concurrently, emission measurements for the staged configuration show the strong NOx benefit of the RJIC system: the data prove a reduction of global outlet emission levels at elevated pressure with the axially staged configuration. The axial emission reduction was attributed to the decreasing liftoff at elevated pressure levels. Hence, the research emphasizes that the flame and emission characteristics are coupled; they are not only dependent on the geometric parameters and momentum flux ratios but are also a function of pressure.
Tectonic pressure gradients during viscous creep drive fluid flow and brittle failure at the base of the seismogenic zone
Authors: Menegon Luca , Fagereng Åke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFluid-pressure cycles are commonly invoked to explain alternating frictional and viscous deformation at the base of the seismogenic crust. However, the stress conditions and geological environment of fluid-pressure cycling are unclear. We address this problem by detailed structural investigation of a vein-bearing shear zone at Sagelvvatn, northern Norwegian Caledonides. In this dominantly viscous shear zone, synkinematic quartz veins locally crosscut mylonitic fabric at a high angle and are rotated and folded with the same sense of shear as the mylonite. Chlorite thermometry indicates that both veining and mylonitization occurred at ∼315–400 °C. The vein-filled fractures are interpreted as episodically triggered by viscous creep in the mylonite, where quartz piezometry and brittle failure modes are consistent with low (18–44 MPa) differential stress. The Sagelvvatn shear zone is a stretching shear zone, where elevated pressure drives a hydraulic gradient that expels fluids from the shear zone to the host rocks. In low-permeability shear zones, this hydraulic gradient facilitates build-up of pore-fluid pressure until the hydrofracture criterion is reached and tensile fractures open. We propose that hydraulic gradients established by local and cyclic pressure variations during viscous creep can drive episodic fluid escape and result in brittle-viscous fault slip at the base of the seismogenic crust.
Decision aids for female BRCA mutation carriers: a scoping review protocol
Authors: McGarrigle Sarah A , Prizeman Geraldine , Spillane Carol , Byrne Niamh , Drury Amanda , Mockler David , Connolly Elizabeth M , Brady Anne-Marie , Hanhauser Yvonne P 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionWomen who inherit a pathogenic mutation in Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes 1 or 2 (BRCA1 or BRCA2) are at substantially higher risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer than the average woman. Several cancer risk management strategies exist to address this increased risk. Decisions about which risk management strategies to choose are complex, personal and multifactorial for these women. This scoping review will map evidence relevant to cancer risk management decision making in BRCA mutation carriers without a personal history of cancer. The objective is to identify and describe the features of patient decision aids that have been developed for BRCA mutation carriers. This information may be beneficial for designing new decision aids or adapting existing decision aids to support decision making in this population.Methods and analysisThis scoping review will be conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute’s scoping review methodological framework. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist will be used for guidance. Studies on decision aids for women with a BRCA mutation who are unaffected by breast or ovarian cancer will be considered for inclusion. Five electronic databases will be searched (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Web of Science) with no restrictions applied for language or publication date. Studies for inclusion will be selected independently by two review authors. Data will be extracted using a predefined data extraction form. Findings will be presented in tabular form. A narrative description of the evidence will complement the tabulated results.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for conducting this scoping review is not required as this study will involve secondary analysis of existing literature. Findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.
Study protocol for endoscopic ultrasonography-guided ethanol injection therapy for patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm: a multicentre prospective study
Authors: Matsumoto Kazuyuki , Kato Hironari , Kitano Masayuki , Hara Kazuo , Kuwatani Masaki , Ashida Reiko , Takenaka Mamoru , Yamazaki Tatsuhiro , Sakurai Jun , Yoshida Michihiro , Okada Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionThe management of small pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) remains controversial. The standard treatment for PNENs is surgical resection; however, invasiveness of surgical procedure remains higher and the incidence of postoperative adverse events is still high. Recently, the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided ethanol injection for small PNENs has been preliminarily demonstrated. Thus, a multicentre prospective study is being conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of EUS-guided ethanol injection therapy for small PNENs.Methods and analysisThe major eligibility criteria are the presence of pathologically diagnosed grade (G) 1 tumour, a tumour size of ≤15 mm and non-functional PNEN or insulinoma. For treatment, we will use a 25-gauge needle and pure ethanol. Contrast-enhanced CT (CE-CT) will be performed on postoperative day 3–5, and if enhanced areas of the tumour are still apparent, an additional session is scheduled during the same hospitalisation period. We set the total amount of ethanol per session to 2 mL. To evaluate the efficacy and safety, CE-CT will be performed at 1 and 6 months after treatment. The primary endpoint is the percentage of subjects who achieved all of the following evaluated points. Efficacy will be evaluated based on the achievement of complete ablation (defined as no enhanced area within the tumour on CE-CT) at 1 and 6 months. Safety will be evaluated based on the avoidance of severe adverse events within 1 month after treatment, continuing severe pancreatic fistula at 1 month after treatment and the incidence and/or exacerbation of diabetes mellitus at 6 months after treatment.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol has been approved by Okayama University Certified Review Board (approval number. CRB19-007). The results will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at international conferences.Trial registration numberjRCTs061200016.
Effects of integrated economic and health interventions with women’s groups on health-related knowledge, behaviours and outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Desai Sapna , Mehta Kala M , Singh Roopal Jyoti , Westley Allie K , Dirisu Osasuyi , Wong Connie , De Hoop Thomas , Darmstadt Gary L 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionEconomic groups, such as microfinance or self-help groups are widely implemented in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Women’s groups are voluntary groups, which aim to improve the well-being of members through activities, such as joint savings, credit, livelihoods development and/or health activities. Health interventions are increasingly added on to existing women’s economic groups as a public health intervention for women and their families. Here, we present the protocol for a mixed-methods systematic review we will conduct of the evidence on integrated economic and health interventions on women’s groups to assess whether and how they improve health-related knowledge, behaviour and outcomes in LMICs.Methods and analysisWe will search seven electronic databases for published literature, along with manual searches and consultation. The review will include (1) randomised trials and non-randomised quasiexperimental studies of intervention effects of integrated economic and health interventions delivered through women’s groups in LMICs, and (2) sibling studies that examine factors related to intervention content, context, implementation processes and costs. We will appraise risk of bias and study quality using standard tools. High and moderate quality studies will be grouped by health domain and synthesised without meta-analysis. Qualitative evidence will be thematically synthesised and integrated into the quantitative synthesis using a matrix approach.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was reviewed and deemed exempt by the institutional review board at the American Institutes for Research. Findings will be shared through peer-reviewed publication and disseminated with programme implementers and policymakers engaged with women’s groups.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020199998.
Understanding factors critical to the implementation of ehealth in chronic disease management: a realist review protocol
Authors: Shahid Nida , Rac Valeria E , Bielecki Joanna , Berta Whitney 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionCanadians are living longer, many with multiple chronic conditions. This population of older, frail Canadians continues to grow in size as do concurrent demands for community-based, outpatient and ambulatory models of care. Ideally, a multifaceted, proactive, planned and integrated care model includes ehealth. Although several factors are known to facilitate the implementation of ehealth in chronic disease management (CDM), for example, adequate support, usability, alignment of programme objectives, there is a growing body of inconclusive evidence on what is critical for implementation. We aim to achieve a fulsome understanding of factors critical to implementation by conducting a realist review—an approach suitable for understanding complex interventions. Our proposed review will identify factors critical to the implementation of ehealth in CDM (heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease and/or diabetes (type 1 or 2)) without limitations to care setting, language, publication year or geography. Findings will be presented in configurations of contexts, mechanisms and outcomes (CMOs).Methods and analysisA search strategy will be iteratively developed based on the concepts of ‘implementation’ and ‘adoption’ of ‘ehealth’ interventions used within ‘CDM’ to identify the peer-reviewed and grey literature published before 31 March 2021 from five databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL and PsychInfo) on ehealth interventions actively involving a healthcare provider for CDM among adults. Data extraction and synthesis will be guided by Realist and Meta-review Evidence Synthesis: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) guidelines informing core concepts of CMOs, and a study output will include a middle-range-theory describing the implementation of ehealth in CDM.Ethics and disseminationFindings will be published in an open-access peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences. A multistakeholder (patients, caregivers, healthcare providers and practitioners, decision-makers and policy-makers) perspective will be used in our dissemination approach. No formal ethics approval is required for this review.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020208275.