bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Appropriate statistical methods for analysis of safflower genetic diversity using agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis through combination of phenotypic traits and molecular markers
Authors: Houmanat Karim , Douaik Ahmed , Charafi Jamal , Hssaini Lahcen , El Fechtali Mohamed , Nabloussi Abdelghani 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCombining phenotypic and genotypic germplasm characterization is a key to efficient and successful safflower (Carthamus tinctoriusL.) breeding program by identifying valuable and confirmed parents. This study aimed to investigate and use appropriate statistical methods for such a characterization, and to identify potential genetic pools in safflower germplasm that may be useful for breeding program implementation. The genetic diversity of 45 accessions from different countries, provided by the USDA‐ARS, was assessed during two cropping seasons, using agromorphological traits and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis (AHCA) was used with appropriate similarity distances, and Ward and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) linkages. Agreement between distance–linkage combinations was evaluated using cophenetic correlation, Mantel test, Fisher exact test, Cramer'sV, overall accuracy, and Cohen's κ. Both agromorphological phenotyping and molecular genotyping revealed significant genetic diversity. Ward linkage was better than UPGMA, using simple matching distance for molecular markers and Gower distance for phenotypic traits as well as for combined phenotypic traits and molecular markers. It delineated the studied accessions into four main clusters. Some accessions showed desirable profiles that can be used in future breeding programs. This is the first report of a series of appropriate statistical methods that can be used for assessing genetic diversity in safflower, combining phenotypic traits and molecular markers, and thus identifying relevant genetic pools for breeding program.
Solvent‐Free Mechanochemical Post‐Polymerization Modification of Ionic Polymers
Authors: Lee Joo Won , Park Jihye , Lee Joonhee , Park Sora , Kim Jeung Gon , Kim Byeong‐Su 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDespite their superior stability and facile handling, ionic polymers have limited solubility in most organic solvents, restricting the range of substrates and reaction conditions to which they can be applied. To overcome this solubility issue, the present study presents a solvent‐free mechanochemical reaction. Specifically, a post‐polymerization modification of ammonium‐functionalized polyether was demonstrated using a solvent‐free vibrational ball‐milling technique. The formation of imine bonds between the ionic polymer and an aromatic aldehyde led to the complete conversion to imine within 1 h without any bond breakage on the polymer backbone. The viability of this approach for a wide range of aldehydes was also evaluated, highlighting the potential of the mechanochemical post‐polymerization modification of polymers that are inaccessible by conventional solution approaches.
Evaluating and integrating spatial capture–recapture models with data of variable individual identifiability
Authors: Ruprecht Joel S. , Eriksson Charlotte E. , Forrester Tavis D. , Clark Darren A. , Wisdom Michael J. , Rowland Mary M. , Johnson Bruce K. , Levi Taal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpatial capture–recapture (SCR) models have become the preferred tool for estimating densities of carnivores. Within this family of models are variants requiring identification of all individuals in each encounter (SCR), a subset of individuals only (generalized spatial mark–resight, gSMR), or no individual identification (spatial count or spatial presence–absence). Although each technique has been shown through simulation to yield unbiased results, the consistency and relative precision of estimates across methods in real‐world settings are seldom considered. We tested a suite of models ranging from those only requiring detections of unmarked individuals to others that integrate remote camera, physical capture, genetic, and global positioning system (GPS) data into a hybrid model, to estimate population densities of black bears, bobcats, cougars, and coyotes. For each species, we genotyped fecal DNA collected with detection dogs during a 20‐d period. A subset of individuals from each species was affixed with GPS collars bearing unique markings and resighted by remote cameras over 140 d contemporaneous with scat collection. Camera‐based gSMR models produced density estimates that differed by <10% from genetic SCR for bears, cougars, and coyotes once important sources of variation (sex or behavioral status) were controlled for. For bobcats, SCR estimates were 33% higher than gSMR. The cause of the discrepancies in estimates was likely attributable to challenges designing a study compatible for species with disparate home range sizes and the difficulty of collecting sufficient data in a timeframe in which demographic closure could be assumed. Unmarked models estimated densities that varied greatly from SCR, but estimates became more consistent in models wherein more individuals were identifiable. Hybrid models containing all data sources exhibited the most precise estimates for all species. For studies in which only sparse data can be obtained and the strictest model assumptions are unlikely to be met, we suggest researchers use caution making inference from models lacking individual identity. For best results, we further recommend the use of methods requiring at least a subset of the population is marked and that multiple data sets are incorporated when possible.
Cattle and sheep differentially alter floral resources and the native bee communities in working landscapes
Authors: Cutter Jasmine , Geaumont Benjamin , McGranahan Devan , Harmon Jason , Limb Ryan , Schauer Chris , Hovick Torre 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWithin agricultural landscapes, native bees often rely on limited natural and seminatural lands to provide the majority of the food and nesting resources that sustain them. To understand better how management can affect pollinators in these seminatural areas, we compared how sheep or cattle herbivory influenced floral resources and bee communities in low‐diversity, former Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) pastures managed with patch‐burn grazing. We sampled bee communities and floral resources three times per season in 2017, 2018, and 2019. We used plant‐pollinator line transect sampling and collected bees and counted all flowering stems within 1 m. Across all years, we found that floral abundance, floral richness, floral diversity (Simpson’s) and bee richness and abundance were significantly higher in cattle pastures compared to sheep. In cattle pastures, 46 native bee species plus honey bees interacted with 25 of 68 available flowering forbs. In sheep pastures, we recorded 14 native bee species and honey bees interacted with 10 of 34 flowering species. Native bee abundance and native bee richness were best explained by models that included an interaction of floral richness and year. Overall, our results suggest that season‐long sheep grazing in low‐diversity grasslands greatly reduces available floral resources and correlates with much lower bee abundance and native bee diversity. Given the importance of pollinators to natural and agricultural systems, it is imperative that we take proactive actions to increase forb richness and native flower abundance in seminatural lands to maintain a more diverse and resilient bee community that can continue to support pollination services and global food security.
Disordered eating, body image concerns, and weight control behaviors in primary school aged children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of universal–selective prevention interventions
Authors: Pursey Kirrilly M. , Burrows Tracy L. , Barker Daniel , Hart Melissa , Paxton Susan J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveBody image concerns and extreme weight control behaviors frequently develop in childhood indicating an important age group for the implementation of universal–selective prevention approaches. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of universal–selective prevention interventions addressing disordered eating, body image concerns, and/or extreme weight control behaviors in children aged 6–12 years.MethodNine databases were searched up to April 2021. Studies were included if they delivered a universal–selective prevention intervention to children aged 6–12 years and reported outcomes relating to body image, disordered eating, or weight control behaviors. The review was conducted in line with the PRISMA Guidelines.ResultsA total of 42 articles describing 39 studies included in the review, with most (n = 24; 57%) classified as neutral quality. Thirty studies implemented an eating disorder specific universal–selective program and nine implemented lifestyle interventions plus content to address disordered eating risk factors. Meta‐analysis (n = 16 studies) revealed an improvement in body image‐related outcomes across all studies (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.26 [95%CI 0.01, 0.51]); with a high level of heterogeneity (Î2 = 89.9%; p < .01). Meta‐analysis according to gender revealed a general improvement in body image‐related outcomes for girls (SMD 0.40 [95%CI 0.07, 0.73]), but not boys (SMD 0.23 [95%CI −0.24, 0.70]).DiscussionBy investigating child, parental and teaching interventions and including outcomes such as weight control and disordered eating behaviors, a trend toward a reduction in eating disorder risk factors was observed, particularly body image‐related outomes in girls. Future directions include embedded disordered eating prevention materials within existing lifestyle interventions and inclusion of more diverse samples.
Feasibility of avirtually deliveredeating disorder prevention program for young females with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Wisting Line , Haugvik Severina , Wennersberg Anne Louise , Hage Trine Wiig , Stice Eric , Olmsted Marion P. , Ghaderi Ata , Brunborg Cathrine , Skrivarhaug Torild , Dahl‐Jørgensen Knut , Rø Øyvind 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to develop a virtual diabetes‐specific version of the eating disorder (ED) prevention program the Body Project, and to assess feasibility and preliminary efficacy of this program for young females with type 1 diabetes.MethodYoung females with type 1 diabetes aged 16–35 years were invited to participate in the study. A total of 35 participants were allocated to five Diabetes Body Project groups (six meetings over 6 weeks) and completed pretest assessments; 26 participants completed all sessions and posttest assessments (<7 days after last meeting). Primary measures included ED risk factors and symptoms, and secondary outcomes included diabetes‐specific constructs previously found to be associated with ED psychopathology (e.g., diabetes distress and illness perceptions).ResultsThe ease of recruitment, timely conduct of five groups, moderate drop‐out rate and appreciation of the intervention by participants indicated that the Diabetes Body Project is feasible. Meaningful reductions occurred on the primary outcomes (i.e., ED psychopathology, body dissatisfaction, and thin ideal internalization) and on internalization of appearance ideals and appearance pressures at posttest (Cohen'sdranging from .63 to .83, which are medium to large effects). Small to medium effect sizes were found for diabetes illness perceptions and distress (.41 and .48, respectively).DiscussionThe virtual Diabetes Body Project is a promising and much‐needed intervention, worthy of more rigorous evaluation. A randomized controlled trial is warranted to determine its effectiveness compared with a control condition.
Staying close to home: Ecological constraints on space use and range fidelity in a mountain ungulate
Authors: Shakeri Yasaman N. , White Kevin S. , Waite Jason N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUnderstanding patterns of animal space use and range fidelity has important implications for species and habitat conservation. For species that live in highly seasonal environments, such as mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus), spatial use patterns are expected to vary in relation to seasonal changes in environmental conditions and sex‐ or age‐specific selection pressures. To address hypotheses about sex, age, and seasonality influence on space‐use ecology, we collected GPS location data from 263 radio‐collared mountain goats (males,n = 140; females,n = 123) in coastal Alaska during 2005–2016. Location data were analyzed to derive seasonal and sex‐specific fixed‐kernel home range estimates and to quantify the degree of seasonal range and utilization distribution overlap. Overall, we determined that home range size was smallest during winter, expanded coincident with the onset of green‐up and parturition, and was largest during summer. Home range size of males and females did not differ significantly during winter, but females had larger home ranges than males during summer, a relationship that was switched during the mating season. Pairwise comparisons involving individual females across subsequent years indicated home ranges were significantly smaller during years when they gave birth to offspring. Mountain goats exhibited a strong degree of range fidelity, and 99% (n = 138) of individual animals returned to their previous year's seasonal range with an average annual Bhattacharyya's affinity utilization distribution overlap index of 68%. Similarity of seasonal home range utilization distributions varied in relation to sex and season in some respects. Home range overlap was highest during the summer vegetation growing season, particularly among females. These findings advance our understanding about how environmental variation and sex‐ and age‐related reproductive constraints influence space use and range fidelity among alpine ungulates. Documentation of the high degree of range fidelity among mountain goats has important conservation implications in landscapes increasingly altered by anthropogenic activities.
Nutrient limitation of plant reproduction in a tropical moist forest
Authors: Fortier Riley , Wright S. Joseph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNutrient addition experiments indicate that nitrogen and phosphorus limit plant processes in many tropical forests. However, the long‐term consequences for forest structure and species composition remain unexplored. We are positioned to evaluate potential long‐term consequences of nutrient addition in central Panama where we have maintained a factorial nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium fertilization experiment for 21 yr and an independent study quantified the species‐specific nutrient requirements of 550 local tree species. Here, we ask whether nutrients limit reproduction at the species and community levels. We also ask whether species‐specific reproductive responses to nutrient addition are stronger among species associated with naturally fertile soils, which could contribute to a shift in species composition. We quantified species‐level reproductive responses for 38 focal species in the 21st year of the experiment and community‐level reproductive litter production for the first 20 yr. Species‐level reproductive responses to nitrogen and potassium addition were weak, inconsistent across species, and insignificant across the 38 focal species. In contrast, species‐level responses to phosphorus addition were consistently and significantly positive across the 38 focal species but were unrelated to species‐specific phosphorus requirements documented independently for the same species. Community‐level reproductive litter production was unaffected by nutrient addition, possibly because spatial and temporal variation is large. We conclude that phosphorus limits reproduction by trees in our experiment but find no evidence that reproductive responses to phosphorus addition favor species associated with naturally phosphorus‐rich soils.
Standardized gait speed ratio in elderly patients with heart failure
Authors: Ozawa Tetsuya , Yamashita Masashi , Seino Satoshi , Kamiya Kentaro , Kagiyama Nobuyuki , Konishi Masaaki , Saito Hiroshi , Saito Kazuya , Ogasahara Yuki , Maekawa Emi , Kitai Takeshi , Iwata Kentaro , Jujo Kentaro , Wada Hiroshi , Kasai Takatoshi , Momomura Shin‐ichi , Hamazaki Nobuaki , Nozaki Kohei , Kim Hunkyung , Obuchi Shuichi , Kawai Hisashi , Kitamura Akihiko , Shinkai Shoji , Matsue Yuya 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsAlthough aging is strongly associated with both heart failure and a decline in gait speed, a definition of slowness incorporating an age‐related decline has yet to be developed. We aimed to define an event‐driven cut‐off for the relative decline in gait speed against age‐adjusted reference values derived from the general population and evaluate its prognostic implications.Methods and resultsStandardized gait speed (SGS) was defined as the median gait speed stratified by age, sex, and height in 3777 elderly (age ≥ 65 years) individuals without a history of cardiovascular diseases (Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology‐Longitudinal Interdisciplinary Study on Aging: general population cohort). The mortality event‐driven optimal cut‐off of the SGS ratio (actual gait speed divided by the respective SGS) was defined using FRAGILE‐HF cohort data and externally validated using Kitasato cohort data, comprising 1301 and 1247 hospitalized elderly patients with heart failure, respectively. Using FRAGILE‐HF data, the optimal SGS ratio cut‐off was determined as 0.527. In the Kitasato cohort, SGS ratio < 0.527 was associated with a higher 1 year [hazard ratio (HR): 1.70, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07–2.72, P = 0.024] and long‐term (HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.05–2.02, P = 0.024) mortality rate, independent of pre‐existing covariates.ConclusionsGait speed was significantly declined in patients with heart failure, even after taking age and sex‐related decline into account. A SGS ratio of 0.527 is a validated cut‐off for slowness independently associated with mortality in patients with heart failure age ≥65.
Nonlinear modeling and operation stability of variable speed pumped storage power station
Authors: Guo Wencheng , Zhu Daoyi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the nonlinear modeling and operation stability of variable speed pumped storage power station (PSPS). Firstly, basic equations of variable speed PSPS are established. Nonlinear state equation in the form of relative deviation value is derived by considering supplementary conditions. Then, Hopf bifurcation analysis of variable speed PSPS is carried out. Stable domain of variable speed PSPS is studied. Finally, influence of factors on stability is analyzed. Dynamic response of variable speed PSPS is investigated. The results indicate that variable speed PSPS is a five‐order nonlinear dynamic system. Nonlinear characteristics of variable speed PSPS reflect the nonlinear coupling effect between unit speed and rotor current. The emerged Hopf bifurcation is supercritical. Stable domain locates at the lower side of bifurcation line. Stable domain intuitively reflects and evaluates the stability of variable speed PSPS. When state point locates at stable domain, variable speed PSPS is stable and dynamic response of state variables is damped oscillation. A smaller flow inertia of penstock, a greater head loss of penstock, and a greater slip ratio are favorable for stability of variable speed PSPS. Stable domain under positive disturbance of active power is larger than that under negative disturbance of active power.
IQ imbalance estimation and compensation in space‐time block code multiple‐input/multiple‐output systems
Authors: Borakzaei Amir E. , Saeedi‐Sourck Hamid , Seydnejad Saeid R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDirect‐conversion radio frequency transceivers are well‐substantiated structures for today's wireless communication systems due to their ability in complexity reduction, cost, and power consumption. The unavoidable mismatch between the in‐phase (I) and quadrature‐phase (Q) branch of the analog front‐ends in the direct‐conversion transceiver leads to degrading the performance of communication systems. In this article, we address the estimation and compensation of the IQ imbalance (IQI) parameters for both the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX) in multiple‐input/multiple‐output systems with space‐time block code (STBC) in the digital domain. This article proposes a pre‐combiner estimation and compensation of the channel and the frequency‐independent IQI scheme based on the repetitive transmission of the pilot sequence using the least square technique. It is worth noting that the proposed method can be extended to any orthogonal STBC. Moreover, the study is applied to IQI in other scenarios including only TX and only RX. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves better performance in comparison with the existing post‐combiner technique. Furthermore, the proposed method requires lower computational complexity when the number of receive antennas is limited.
Essential oil constituents and variations in antioxidant compounds of dried summer savory (Saturejahortensis cv. Saturn) affected by storage conditions and ammonium sulfate
Authors: Mohtashami Saeideh , Babalar Mesbah , Tabrizi Leila , Ghani Askar , Rowshan Vahid , Shokrpour Majid 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConsidering the importance of spice plants and their shelf life, as affected by various factors, the current study considered Summer savory plants (Satureja hortensis cv. Saturn) for evaluation under the application of different concentrations of ammonium sulfate (0, 40, 60, 80, and 100 kg/ha) as primary treatments. Based on the plant response, the control group and 100 kg/ha ammonium sulfate were selected as suitable treatments for storage experiments (i.e., storage at ambient, refrigerator, and freezer temperatures for 8 months). Based on the results, the highest percentage and yield of S. hortensis essential oil and biomass occurred in response to 100 kg ammonium sulfate, whereas the lowest amounts were observed in the control group (i.e., in the absence of ammonium sulfate). During the storage period, the essential oil content decreased, but the carvacrol content of the essential oil increased. During the different durations and conditions of storage, the stability of secondary metabolites varied. Essential oil, rosmarinic acid, and carvacrol contents maintained greater stability in plants treated with ammonium sulfate (100 kg/ha), compared with the control group during the storage period. It can be concluded that the preharvest application of ammonium sulfate on S. hortensis improved plant growth and quality indices at preharvest time, while also maintaining the stability of its active ingredients at the postharvest stage and storage time. It also led results to recommend storing Summer savory in the freezer to better preserve its secondary metabolites.