bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between the withdrawal of the digital economy's innovators, government interventions, the marketization level and market size based on big data
Authors: Zhao Yang , Chen Xiaohui 
Published: June 2021

PurposeDigital economic innovation is associated with risks. The lack of a platform's profitability weakens the operation's ability to sustain innovators and increases the possibility of the business' termination. Relevant data demonstrate a significant upward trend in the exit of Chinese innovators of the digital economy. The study aims to clarify the role of an effective government and effective market in the prevention and control of the withdrawal of innovators.Design/methodology/approachBased on balanced panel data of 31 provinces and cities from 2010 to 2018, this study uses the individual fixed effect model to study the impact of the marketization level, the market's scale and government interventions on the withdrawal of innovators. Simultaneously, based on the spatial econometric model, this study examines the spatial spillover effect of the withdrawal of innovators.FindingsResults indicate that government interventions have an inhibiting effect on the withdrawal of innovators. Moreover, there was a positive “U”-shaped nonlinear relationship between the marketization level and the withdrawal of innovators, and an inverse “U”-shaped nonlinear relationship between the market size and the withdrawal of innovators.Originality/valueThe paper first studies the relationship between the exit of innovators and government intervention, marketization level and field scale; takes the lead in the research on the role of the government and effective market in the prevention and control of the exit of innovators from the perspective of the exit of innovators and puts forward policy suggestions to promote the sustainable and healthy development of fintech innovation in China from the market scale and other aspects.
Identification of systemically important banks in India using SRISK
Authors: Gupta Juhi , Kashiramka Smita 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
Systemic risk has been a cause of concern for the bank regulatory authorities worldwide since the global financial crisis. This study aims to identify systemically important banks (SIBs) in India by using SRISK to measure the expected capital shortfall of banks in a systemic event. The sample size comprises a balanced data set of 31 listed Indian commercial banks from 2006 to 2019.

Design/methodology/approach
In this study, the authors have used SRISK to identify banks that have a maximum contribution to the systemic risk of the Indian banking sector. Leverage, size and long-run marginal expected shortfall (LRMES) are used to compute SRISK. Forward-looking LRMES is computed using the GJR-GARCH-dynamic conditional correlation methodology for early prediction of a bank’s contribution to systemic risk.

Findings
This study finds that public sector banks are more vulnerable to macroeconomic shocks owing to their capital inadequacy vis-à-vis the private sector banks. This study also emphasizes that size should not be used as a standalone factor to assess the systemic importance of a bank.

Originality/value
Systemic risk has attracted a lot of research interest; however, it is largely limited to the developed nations. This paper fills an important research gap in banking literature about the identification of SIBs in an emerging economy, India. As SRISK uses both balance sheet and market-based information, it can be used to complement the existing methodology used by the Reserve Bank of India to identify SIBs.
Men with intellectual disabilities and sexual offending histories: an exploration of their experiences of living within a secure hospital setting
Authors: Heppell Stacey , Rose John 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThere is a national drive to transform services for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID), to provide care within the community rather than hospital settings. However, there are limited community provisions for those with more complex care needs such as sexual offending. There has been limited research focussing on this client group’s experiences of inpatient services and the treatment they have received from their own perspective. This study aims to explore their experiences of living in a secure service focussing on treatment for sex offences.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 10 men with ID and sexual offending histories took part in an interview designed to explore their experiences of living within a secure hospital setting. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.FindingsThree key themes relating to the participants’ experiences within the hospital were identified. These were, namely, “hospital environment”, “personal journey through secure services” and “closeness to home”.Practical implicationsMen’s experiences at a secure hospital were generally positive in terms of a supportive staff approach. Difficulties existed around the hospital organisation affecting the support they received.Originality/valueSome participants experienced a struggle to become more independent and move to less restrictive environments due to their perceived risk levels. Some participants found being away from home to be hard and longed to be closer to their families. Around half of the participants did not want to live near their hometown due to family difficulties, negative peer influences or fears of consequences for their sexual offending. Implications for community service planning are considered.
Comparative study of multifunctional properties of synthesised ZnO and MgO NPs for textiles applications
Authors: Faisal Saira , Naqvi Shenela , Ali Muhammad , Lin Long 
Published: June 2021

PurposeAmong various metal oxide nano particles, MgO NPs and ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) in particular are gaining increasing attention due to their multifunctional characteristics, low cost and compatibility with textile materials. Each type of nanoparticle excels over others in certain properties. As such, it is often crucial to carry out comparative studies of NPs to identify the one showing higher efficiency/output for particular applications of textile products.Design/methodology/approachIn the investigation reported in this paper, ZnO NPs and MgO NPs were synthesised via sol-gel technique and characterised. For comparative analysis, the synthesised NPs were evaluated for multiple properties using standard procedures before and after being applied on cotton fabrics by a dip-pad-dry-cure method.FindingsXRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of ZnO and MgO NPs. Homogeneous formation of desired NPs and their dense and uniform deposition on the cotton fibre surface were observed using SEM. ZnO NPs and MgO NPs coatings on cotton were observed to significantly enhance self-cleaning/stain removal properties achieving Grade 5 and Grade 4 categories, respectively. In terms of ultraviolet (UV) protection, ZnO or MgO NP coated fabrics showed UPF values of greater than 50, i.e. excellent in blocking UV rays. MgO NPs exhibited 20% cleaning efficiency in treating reactive dye wastewater against ZnO NPs which were 4% efficient in the same treatment, so MgO was more suitable for such type of treatments at low cost. Both NPs were able to impart multifunctionality to cotton fabrics as per requirement of the end products. However, ZnO NPs were better for stain removal from the fabrics while MgO NPs were appropriate for UV blocking.Originality/valueIt was therefore clear that multifunctional textile products could be developed by employing a single type of cost effective and efficient nano particles.
Effect of structural deformations and bend angle on the collapse load of pipe bends subjected to in-plane closing bending moment
Authors: R. Silambarasan , A.R. Veerappan , S. Shanmugam 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of structural deformations and bend angle on plastic collapse load of pipe bends under an in-plane closing bending moment (IPCM). A large strain formulation of three-dimensional non-linear finite element analysis was performed using an elastic perfectly plastic material. A unified mathematical solution was proposed to estimate the collapse load of pipe bends subjected to IPCM for the considered range of bend characteristics.Design/methodology/approachABAQUS was used to create one half of the pipe bend model due to its symmetry on the longitudinal axis. Structural deformations, i.e. ovality (Co) and thinning (Ct) varied from 0% to 20% in 5% steps while the bend angle (ø) varied from 30° to 180° in steps of 30°.FindingsThe plastic collapse load decreases as the bend angle increase for all pipe bend models. A remarkable effect on the collapse load was observed for bend angles between 30° and 120° beyond which a decline was noticed. Ovality had a significant effect on the collapse load with this effect decreasing as the bend angle increased. The combined effect of thinning and bend angle was minimal for the considered models and the maximum per cent variation in collapse load was 5.76% for small bend angles and bend radius pipe bends and less than 2% for other cases.Originality/valueThe effect of structural deformations and bend angle on collapse load of pipe bends exposed to IPCM has been not studied in the existing literature.
Challenges of rural start-ups in Karnataka, India
Authors: Kulkarni Praveen , Mutkekar Rohit , Chiniwar Shashidhar , Ingalagi Sanjeev 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide the insights on the challenges influencing rural start-ups. It provides insights with regards to managerial, operational, marketing and finance-related challenges influencing the rural start-ups in the study. The study aims to expand the domain of start-ups by including a broader range of challenges and related aspects found in the start-up literature.Design/methodology/approachThe paper opted for an exploratory study using the open-ended approach of grounded theory, including 61 rural start-ups operating in Karnataka, India. The data were analysed through non-parametric test to understand the comparison between different sectors of rural start-ups.FindingsIt suggests that marketing techniques and infrastructure challenges influences the rural start-ups. Therefore, success of start-ups is influenced by these related variables.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of the chosen research approach, the research results may lack generalizability. Researchers are therefore encouraged to test the proposed propositions further in the area of challenges and growth in the domain of managerial, infrastructure, marketing, finance, human resource and logistics in rural start-ups. The study is restricted to rural start-ups located in districts of Karnataka, India.Practical implicationsThe paper includes implications for managing the challenges for enhancing the growth of start-ups. The paper provides insights on the significant challenges witnessed by the start-ups and provides directions for the growth of start-ups.Social implicationsThis paper fulfils an identified need of the start-ups in rural sector and contribute to the growth of start-ups in rural sector of India.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils an identified need to study how rural start-ups operate and create a niece in the growth of Indian economy.
Contemporary evaluation of adverse outcome risks associated with ‘did not wait’ emergency department presentations
Authors: Bin Mohamed Ebrahim Mohamed Eftal , Tang Matthew , Vukasovic Matthew , Coggins Andrew 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveDid not wait (DNW) is a frequently cited ED key performance indicator. We conducted a network‐based observational study of consecutive DNW presentations.MethodsProspective cohort study of Western Sydney Local Health District with a primary outcome measure of reported 30‐day all‐cause mortality and secondary outcomes of demographic characteristics and representation risk. For re‐presenting patients who were subsequently admitted, a manual review of electronic records and incident report systems based on a priori plan assessed each case for the length of stay and adverse outcomes.ResultsDuring the study window, there were 1114 DNW presentations with 172 (15.4%) re‐presentation within 72 h. The analysis of re‐presented patients did not reveal adverse outcomes or prolonged length of stay. A review of available outcomes data revealed one DNW patient died within 30 days but had a previous palliative plan for terminal illness.ConclusionWhile a proportion of DNW patients re‐presented within 72 h, an excess prevalence of poor outcomes were not observed.
NF‐κB/IKK activation by small extracellular vesicles within the SASP
Authors: Fafián‐Labora Juan Antonio , O’Loghlen Ana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCellular senescence plays an important role in different biological and pathological conditions. Senescent cells communicate with their microenvironment through a plethora of soluble factors, metalloproteases and extracellular vesicles (EV). Although much is known about the role that soluble factors play in senescence, the downstream signalling pathways activated by EV in senescence is unknown. To address this, we performed a small molecule inhibitor screen and have identified the IκB kinases IKKε, IKKα and IKKβ as essential for senescence mediated by EV (evSASP). By using pharmacological inhibitors of IKKε, IKKα and IKKβ, in addition to CRISPR/Cas9 targeting their respective genes, we find these pathways are important in mediating senescence. In addition, we find that senescence activation is dependent on canonical NF‐κB transcription factors where siRNA targeting p65 prevent senescence. Importantly, these IKK pathways are also relevant to ageing as knockout of IKKA, IKKB and IKKE avoid the activation of senescence. Altogether, these findings open a new potential line of investigation in the field of senescence by targeting the negative effects of the evSASP independent of particular EV contents.
Markers with low GenTrain scores can generate spurious signals in genome‐wide scans for transmission ratio distortion
Authors: Luigi‐Sierra María Gracia , Casellas Joaquim , Martínez Amparo , Vicente Delgado Juan , Fernández Álvarez Javier , Such Francesc Xavier , Jordana Jordi , Amills Marcel 
Published: June 2021

SummaryTransmission ratio distortion (TRD) is the preferential transmission of one specific allele to offspring at the expense of the other. The existence of TRD is mostly explained by the segregation of genetic variants with deleterious effects on the developmental processes that go from the formation of gametes to fecundation and birth. A few years ago, a statistical methodology was implemented in order to detect TRD signals on a genome‐wide scale as a first step toward uncovering the biological basis of TRD and reproductive success in domestic species. In the current work, we have analyzed the impact of SNP calling quality on the detection of TRD signals in a population of Murciano–Granadina goats. Seventeen bucks and their offspring (N = 288) were typed with the Goat SNP50 BeadChip, whereas the genotypes of the dams were lacking. Performance of a genome‐wide scan revealed the existence of 36 SNPs showing significant evidence of TRD. When we calculated GenTrain scores for each of the SNPs, we observed that 25 SNPs showed scores below 0.8. The allele frequencies of these SNPs in the offspring were not correlated with the allele frequencies estimated in the dams with statistical methods, providing evidence that flawed SNP calling quality might lead to the detection of spurious TRD signals. We conclude that, when performing TRD scans, the GenTrain scores of markers should be taken into account to discriminate SNPs that are truly under TRD from those yielding spurious signals owing to technical problems.
A population physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic model to characterize antibody disposition in pediatrics and evaluation of the model using infliximab
Authors: Chang Hsuan Ping , Shakhnovich Valentina , Frymoyer Adam , Funk Ryan Sol , Becker Mara L. , Park K. T. , Shah Dhaval K. 
Published: June 2021

AimsIn order to better predict the pharmacokinetics (PK) of antibodies in children, and to facilitate dose optimization of antibodies in paediatric patients, there is a need to develop systems PK models that integrate ontogeny‐related changes in human physiological parameters.MethodsA population‐based physiological‐based PK (PBPK) model to characterize antibody PK in paediatrics has been developed, by incorporating age‐related changes in body weight, organ weight, organ blood flow rate and interstitial volumes in a previously published platform model. The model was further used to perform Monte Carlo simulations to investigate clearance vs. age and dose–exposure relationships for infliximab.ResultsBy estimating only one parameter and associated interindividual variability, the model was able to characterize clinical PK of infliximab from two paediatric cohorts (n = 141, 4–19 years) reasonably well. Model simulations demonstrated that only 50% of children reached desired trough concentrations when receiving FDA‐labelled dosing regimen for infliximab, suggesting that higher doses and/or more frequent dosing are needed to achieve target trough concentrations of this antibody.ConclusionThe paediatric PBPK model presented here can serve as a framework to characterize the PK of antibodies in paediatric patients. The model can also be applied to other protein therapeutics to advance precision medicine paradigm and optimize antibody dosing regimens in children.
Mean macular intercapillary area in eyes with diabetic macular oedema after anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor therapy and its association with treatment response
Authors: Sorour Osama A. , Elsheikh Mohamed , Chen Siyu , Elnahry Ayman G. , Baumal Caroline R. , Pramil Varsha , Abdelhalim Tamer I. , Nassar Elsayed , Moult Eric M. , Witkin Andre J. , Duker Jay S. , Waheed Nadia K. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the changes in the mean macular intercapillary area (ICA) from sequential enface optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images following intravitreal anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in initially treatment‐naïve eyes with diabetic macular oedema (DME).MethodsIn this multicentre retrospective study, 6 × 6 and 3 × 3 mm customised, total retinal projection enface OCTA images were collected and processed for quantitative assessment of ICA by a customised MATLAB software. Measurements were done in concentric regions centred on the fovea—with the exclusion of foveal avascular zone (FAZ)—in 0.5 mm diameter increments as well as within the intervening rings.ResultsIn this study, 6 × 6 mm OCTA images from 46 eyes of 29 patients, and 3 × 3 mm OCTA images from 23 eyes of 15 patients were included. There was no significant change in mean ICA after treatment in either scan size or in any measurement regions (all p > 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that baseline BCVA was significantly correlated with the visual outcome (p = 0.039). Additionally, after correction for age, baseline central retinal thickness (CRT), baseline BCVA, and retinopathy severity, mean ICA in the 1.5 mm circle was found to be a significant predictor of post treatment CRT, (p = 0.006).ConclusionsAbsence of significant change in mean ICA after a minimum of three intravitreal anti‐VEGF injections, may indicate that, in the short term, anti‐VEGF injections neither impair nor improve macular perfusion in DME. Baseline BCVA was found to be a robust predictor of functional outcome, while inner mean ICA was a significant predictor for macular thickness outcomes.
Effects of ozone treatment on denim garment properties
Authors: Ben Fraj Abir , Jaouachi Boubaker 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe conventional denim washing process is considered to be the most polluting in the textile industry. This sector uses huge amounts of water, energy and chemicals, and generates a lot of wastewater with a high pollution load. For this reason, other types of washing treatment have been discovered. Among these treatments, we can specify the ozone treatment, which is sustainable and economical. In this study, ozone treatment was applied to denim fabric samples to improve the effect of the washing conditions on the appearance and physical characteristics of the fabrics. Bagging resistance, force at break, shrinkage, spectroscopy testing, rubbing fastness evaluation and Fourier Transform–infrared analysis of the treated and untreated denim fabrics (which did not undergo desizing treatment) were analysed and investigated. To study the individual and main effects and significance of input parameters, the Taguchi design was used. Based on the obtained results, ozone treatment increased the whiteness value of treated fabrics. Moreover, it induced certain changes to the physical, mechanical and bagging properties of denim fabrics. The loss of force at break and the percentage of shrinkage reached 30.11% and 15.15%, respectively. The bagging resistance indicated a significant decrease of up to 40.17% after ozone treatment.
Introducing new methods based on the standard ISO/IEC 24790 to evaluate graininess for coloured printed images
Authors: Panahi Bita , Gorji Kandi Saeideh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrinting quality control has been one of the challenges in the printing industry. Therefore, it is indispensable to find evaluation methods with high correlations with the human visual system to assess the quality of the printed images. Standard ISO/IEC 24790 is one of the recommended standards to achieve this goal. An evaluation procedure for graininess, a common defect in printing, has been presented in this standard; however, this procedure is suggested only for monochrome printed images. Hence, in this research, the graininess of coloured samples is evaluated based on the proposed method in this standard with considering the effect of the paper. For this purpose, fictitious graininess defects are designed and applied on coloured samples and are printed on different papers. A visual assessment is performed to examine the effect of colour and paper differences on graininess. Six different methods, including the method suggested in the standard and the proposed modified procedures, are used to evaluate graininess, and their results are compared to subjective results. Moreover, three other wavelets are studied besides the suggested one in the standard. To eliminate the effect of paper texture, a Gaussian filter is utilised. The results show that applying the Gaussian filter to images increases the correlation between computational procedure results and visual assessment results. Also, the results indicate that utilising haar wavelet slightly increases the correlation. The results demonstrate that besides assessing graininess in greyscale mode, evaluating graininess in RGB (red, green, blue) colour space results in a high correlation with the visual assessment results.
Talimogene laherparepvec pseudolymphomatous reaction mimicking metastatic melanoma
Authors: Henning Ania , Agnese Doreen , Chung Catherine G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTalimogene laherparepvec (TVEC) is a genetically modified herpes simplex virus‐1 approved as an intralesional oncolytic immunotherapy for the treatment of advanced melanoma. Cutaneous reactions at the site of injection may mimic recurrent or progressive melanoma; histopathological findings have included chronic granulomatous dermatitis, neutrophilic dermatitis, lymphocytic dermatitis, and pigment incontinence. We report a 39‐year‐old male with metastatic stage IIIc melanoma treated with TVEC with clinical regression of melanoma lesions that later developed pink nodules at sites of prior injection. Histopathology demonstrated a nodular mononuclear infiltrate that stained strongly and diffusely with CD45 and CD20 with a surrounding rim of CD3‐positive T‐cells. Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement was negative for a clonal B‐cell population. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pseudolymphomatous reaction mimicking recurrent melanoma after TVEC therapy.