bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A retrospective study assessing the factors associated with visual outcome in retinal vein occlusion patients after anti-VEGF therapy
Authors: Liu Xiaoran , Xie Chi , Wang Yun , Xu Yue , Zhu Shaojin , Fang Yan 
Published: December 2021

Background
Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is one of the most frequent retinal vascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the predictive factors of visual outcome for RVO patients who underwent anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.

Methods
RVO patients who underwent anti-VEGF treatment were recruited in this study from January 2018 to June 2020. Clinical data and optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters were retrospectively reviewed. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was examined at baseline and after anti-VEGF therapy. Predictive factors associated with visual outcome were assessed by logistic regression model. Treatment-related adverse events were also recorded.

Results
The average logMAR BCVA was 0.91 at baseline and 0.70 at final examination (P = 0.003). Among 75 patients, 41 experienced visual improvement were categorized as group A, the remaining 34 patients without improved vision were categorized as group B. Patients in group A demonstrated better visual outcomes, including decreased logMAR BCVA (average logMAR BCVA: 0.53 in group A vs. 0.91 in group B, P < 0.001) and central retinal thickness (CRT) (average CRT: 230.88 µm in group A vs. 404.97 µm in group B, P < 0.001) after anti-VEGF treatment. Multivariable analysis showed that injection frequency (odds ratio [OR], 2.623; 95% confidence interval [CI], [1.282–5.366]), hypertension (odds ratio [OR], 0.189; 95% CI [0.044–0.811]), hyperlipemia (odds ratio [OR], 0.195; 95% CI [0.040–0.941]) and external limiting membrane (ELM) disruption (odds ratio [OR], 0.148; 95% CI [0.032–0.691]) were all significantly associated with the visual outcome of RVO patients who underwent anti-VEGF treatment. In general, anti-VEGF therapy was feasible for all RVO patients, though the response to anti-VEGF was suboptimal in certain patients. Prognostic factors including injection frequency, hypertension, hyperlipemia and ELM disruption may all be useful to provide predictive information of visual outcome of RVO patients in response to anti-VEGF treatment.
Status of Public Primary Schools: Safety, Health Service Provision and Environmental Health Facilities in Sokoto Metropolis, Northwestern Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Auwal Usman , Raji Ismail Abdullateef 
Published: December 2021

Background: Provision of security, health services and environmental health facilities in schools is crucial in achieving the overall goals of the School Health Programme (SHP) because of their implications in all the areas of school health and plays an important role in the safety of school community and in retention and learning outcomes of students. We aimed to determine the status of public primary schools with respect to safety, health service provision and environmental health facilities in Sokoto metropolis, Northwestern Nigeria.
Methods: We conducted a cross sectional descriptive study among 40 public primary schools by multistage sampling technique. We collected data with an observation checklist using an electronic Open Data Kit (ODK) and analysed for descriptive statistics using SPSS version 23.
Results: The majority of schools had no security fence 21 (52.5%). Security/ safety teams were present in about a third 15 (37.5%) of the schools. None of the schools had a fire alarm. However, fire extinguisher was available in only 3 (7.5%) of the schools. Health room or sick bay 16 (40.0%) and health register 14 (35.0%) were available in less than half of the schools. Health personnel 3 (7.5%) and school ambulance or school bus 3 (7.5%) were available in only a few schools. First aid box was available in most, 38 (95.0%) of the schools. However, less than half, 17 (40.0%) of the schools had Iodine in their first aid boxes. Presence of handwashing facilities with soap was observed in only 3 (7.5%) of schools. All the schools use open dumping as means of refuse disposal; however, dustbin for refuse collection in classes was observed only in about a third, 15 (37.5%) of the schools. Traditional pit latrine was the most predominant toilet type 27 (67.5%) in schools.
Conclusion: Resources concerning safety, health service provision and environmental health facilities were found to be grossly inadequate in most of the schools observed. Government agencies involved in school administration should collaborate with other stakeholder’s in ensuring the provision of adequate resources for school health program.
Sudden Cardiac Death
Authors: Elsaka Omar 
Published: December 2021

Background: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a major open clinical and public health problem, with an estimated 300,000 deaths per year in the United States. The possibility of identifying potential SCD victims is limited by the large size of the large number of SCD victims and the apparent time-dependent risk of sudden death. The latter refers to the tendency of SCDs to detect other cardiovascular events during the most dangerous period of 6–18 months following a major cardiovascular event and the risk of subsequent collapse. The combination of time and lake size provides the basis for future research to find more vulnerable people. Pathologically, SCD can be seen as an interaction between some electrophysiological events that causes abnormalities in cardiac structure, temporal dysfunction, and malignant arrhythmias. Structural deformities represent an anatomical matrix of chronic risk and include the effects of electrophysiological anatomical abnormalities such as coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, myopathic ventricles, and bypass leaflets in the myocardium.
Conclusion: Macroscopic cardiac features are common in about one-third of young SCD victims. However, in 79% of them, histological studies reveal hidden pathological features such as local myocarditis, heart disease and motor system disorders. A total of 16 (6%) victims had no evidence of systemic heart disease and the mechanism of SCD was not described.
Sarcomatoid Lesions of Head and Neck Region: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Samaddar Dipankar , Chatterjee Ananjan , Abhinandan . , Kumar Deepak , Akriti . 
Published: December 2021

One challenging feature of head and neck pathology is that a dizzying array of sarcomatoid lesions occurs here ranging all the way from reactive to malignant and very aggressive. This makes accurate diagnosis critical. These lesions are quite diverse with great clinical and biological heterogeneity. Some are malignant while many others are benign or simply reactive in nature. For example; at mucosal sites, a well known lesion is spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC), which are overtly malignant, and the differential diagnosis then includes a number of different malignant spindle cell lesions. However, there are several benign or even non-neoplastic lesions that can sometimes be difficult to discern from SpCC, e.g. Nodular fasciitis, Proliferative myositis, Cellular schwannoma, Benign fibrous histiocytoma, Carcino sarcoma, Sarcomatoid melanoma. Fracture callus, etc.
Aim of Study: There is a diagnostic challenge to the oral pathologists to differentiate dizzying array of sarcoma like lesions from other similar microscopic simulates ranging all the way from reactive to malignant and very aggressive. This article aims to review the sarcomatoid lesions of the head and neck region with emphasis on differential diagnosis histologically and immunohistochemicaly.
An Emergency Department Management on Acute Asthma Exacerbations in Children Younger than 12 Years
Authors: Latif Waqas , Zahoor Rehan , Khalid Maiera 
Published: December 2021

Objectives: The main objective of the study is to clinically audit and analyse the acute asthma exacerbations in children younger than 12 years regarding management of emergency department.
Methods: This clinical audit was done in Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur during January 2020 till June 2020. We retrospectively revised all the files of children aged 0–12 years who were visited for acute asthma in the Paediatric ED of Hospital. All the patients with a diagnosis of “acute asthma,” “wheezing bronchitis,” and “bronchospasm” were included.
Results: A total of 864 patients were seen in the Emergency Department during the study. Of these, a total of 293 patients were seen for a presentation of acute asthma. As some patients had multiple visits, the 293 records represented 278 unique patients. For assessing age and gender distribution of the patients, only data from the first visit were used. Otherwise, each record was treated independently for the purpose of analyses.
Conclusion: It is concluded that acute asthma management still remains an area of medical practice that continues to have long-standing difficulties.
3D Continuously Porous Graphene for Energy Applications
Authors: Han Jiuhui , Johnson Isaac , Chen Mingwei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConstructing bulk graphene materials with well‐reserved 2D properties is essential for device and engineering applications of atomically thick graphene. In this article, the recent progress in the fabrications and applications of sterically continuous porous graphene with designable microstructures, chemistries, and properties for energy storage and conversion are reviewed. Both template‐based and template‐free methods have been developed to synthesize the 3D continuously porous graphene, which typically has the microstructure reminiscent of pseudo‐periodic minimal surfaces. The 3D graphene can well preserve the properties of 2D graphene of being highly conductive, surface abundant, and mechanically robust, together with unique 2D electronic behaviors. Additionally, the bicontinuous porosity and large curvature offer new functionalities, such as rapid mass transport, ample open space, mechanical flexibility, and tunable electric/thermal conductivity. Particularly, the 3D curvature provides a new degree of freedom for tailoring the catalysis and transport properties of graphene. The 3D graphene with those extraordinary properties has shown great promises for a wide range of applications, especially for energy conversion and storage. This article overviews the recent advances made in addressing the challenges of developing 3D continuously porous graphene, the benefits and opportunities of the new materials for energy‐related applications, and the remaining challenges that warrant future study.
Water‐Stable Sulfide Solid Electrolyte Membranes Directly Applicable in All‐Solid‐State Batteries Enabled by Superhydrophobic Li+‐Conducting Protection Layer
Authors: Xu Jieru , Li Yongxing , Lu Pushun , Yan Wenlin , Yang Ming , Li Hong , Chen Liquan , Wu Fan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSulfide solid electrolytes (SEs) represent one most promising technical routes to realize all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) due to their high ionic conductivity and low mechanical stiffness. However, the poor air/moisture/water stability of sulfide SEs leads to completely destroyed structure/composition, reduced Li+ conductivity, and toxic H2S release, limiting their practical application in ASSBs. To solve this problem, a universal method applicable to all types of sulfide SEs is developed to realize water‐stable sulfide SE membranes, by spray coating a Li+‐conductive superhydrophobic protection layer with Li1.4Al0.4Ti1.6(PO4)3 (LATP) nanoparticles and fluorinated polysiloxane (F‐POS) via hydrolysis and condensation of tetraethyl orthosilicate and 1H,1H,2H,2H‐perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane molecules. The F‐POS@LATP coating layer exhibits excellent superhydrophobicity (water static contact angles > 160°) to resist extreme exposure (direct water jetting), because of its micro‐/nanoscale roughness and low surface energy. Moreover, ASSBs using the extreme‐condition‐exposed modified Li6PS5Cl membrane exhibit a reversible capacity of 147.3 mAh g‐1, comparable with the ASSBs using pristine sulfide membranes. The superhydrophobic Li+‐conducting layer is demonstrated to be an effective protection method for sulfide membranes so that they remain stable and functionable in extreme water exposure conditions, providing a new approach to protect all types of sulfide SEs and other air/moisture/water‐sensitive materials without sacrificing electrochemical performance.
A DNA Nanocomplex Containing Cascade DNAzymes and Promoter‐Like Zn‐Mn‐Ferrite for Combined Gene/Chemo‐dynamic Therapy
Authors: Yao Chi , Qi Hedong , Jia Xuemei , Xu Yuwei , Tong Zhaobin , Gu Zi , Yang Dayong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSequential control of exogenous chemical events inside cells is a promising way to regulate cell functions and fate. Herein we report a DNA nanocomplex containing cascade DNAzymes and promoter‐like Zn‐Mn‐Ferrite (ZMF), achieving combined gene/chemo‐dynamic therapy. The promoter‐like ZMF decomposed in response to intratumoral glutathione to release a sufficient quantity of metal ions, thus promoting cascade DNA/RNA cleavage and free radical generation. Two kinds of DNAzymes were designed for sequential cascade enzymatic reaction, in which metal ions functioned as cofactors. The primary DNAzyme self‐cleaved the DNA chain with Zn2+ as cofactor, and produced the secondary DNAzyme; the secondary DNAzyme afterwards cleaved the EGR‐1 mRNA, and thus downregulated the expression of target EGR‐1 protein, achieving DNAzyme‐based gene therapy. Meanwhile, the released Zn2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ induced Fenton/Fenton‐like reactions, during which free radicals were catalytically generated and efficient chemo‐dynamic therapy was achieved. In a breast cancer mouse model, the administration of DNA nanocomplex led to a significant therapeutic efficacy of tumor growth suppression.
Too Small to Succeed: State‐Level Consolidation of Water Systems
Authors: Norriss Jessica , Cunningham Maureen , DeRosa Anthony R. , Vedachalam Sridhar 
Published: December 2021

Key TakeawaysUS water utilities deal with significant challenges such as aging water infrastructure, climate change, staffing, and maintaining water quality.Consolidation is an option for water systems to better meet compliance requirements and manage their water supplies.A recent survey examined reasons for, barriers to, and alternatives to consolidation, as well as the nature of state involvement in the process.
High‐Performance Aqueous Rechargeable K/Zn Hybrid Batteries Based on Berlin Green Cathode Materials
Authors: Ni Gang , Hao Zhao , Zou Guo Yin , Cao Fu Hu , Qin Ling , Zhou Cheng Gang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAbstract: Aqueous rechargeable zinc‐based batteries with the advantages of sustainability, safety, and low cost, are suitable for large‐scale electrochemical energy storage applications. In this work, aqueous zinc‐based batteries with low defect Berlin green (FeHCF) cathode, a hybrid zinc triflate and potassium triflate electrolyte, and zinc anodes are developed. In the hybrid electrolyte, the K+ ions with the weak solvation effect and small electrostatic interaction are the dominant intercalation species in the FeHCF, resulting in the fast charge transfer process and rapid diffusion kinetics. The Zn2+ ions stay at the surface rather than penetrate into the bulk phase. Thus, the hybrid batteries deliver a high specific capacity of 169.2 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, excellent rate performance with 45.7 mAh g−1 at 6 A g−1, and good long‐term cyclability with a capacity retention of 57 % over 1000 cycles at 1 A g−1. The results suggest using aqueous K/Zn hybrid electrolytes can improve the electrochemical performance of FeHCF.
Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in the Mouse
Authors: Laaker Collin , Hsu Martin , Fabry Zsuzsanna , Miller Stephen D. , Karpus William J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article details the materials and methods required for both active induction and adoptive transfer of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the SJL mouse strain using intact proteins or peptides from the two major myelin proteins: proteolipid protein (PLP) and myelin basic protein (MBP). Additionally, active induction of EAE in the C57BL/6 strain using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide is also discussed. Detailed materials and methods required for the purification of both PLP and MBP are described, and a protocol for isolating CNS‐infiltrating lymphocytes in EAE mice is included. Modifications of the specified protocols may be necessary for efficient induction of active or adoptive EAE in other mouse strains. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.This article was corrected on 26 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.Basic Protocol: Active induction of EAE with PLP, MBP, and MOG protein or peptideAlternate Protocol: Adoptive induction of EAE with PLP‐, MBP‐, or MOG‐specific lymphocytesSupport Protocol 1: Purification of proteolipid proteinSupport Protocol 2: Purification of myelin basic proteinSupport Protocol 3: Isolation of CNS‐infiltrating lymphocytes
Engineering Ligand and Receptor Pairs with LIPSTIC to Track Cell‐Cell Interactions
Authors: Alberti Dafne , Guarniero Michelle , Maciola Agnieszka K. , Dotta Enrico , Pasqual Giulia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInteractions between different cell types are critical for a plethora of biological processes, such as the immune response. We recently developed a novel technology, called LIPSTIC (labeling of immune partnership by SorTagging intercellular contacts), that allows for identifying cells undergoing specific interactions thanks to an enzymatic labeling reaction. Our work demonstrated the use of this technology to monitor interactions between immune cells, both in vitro and in vivo, by the genetic engineering of CD40 and CD40L, an essential costimulatory axis between antigen‐presenting cells and T cells. Here we describe protocols to design novel LIPSTIC‐engineered ligand and receptor pairs, clone constructs into retroviral expression vector, perform their initial validation, and use them to measure interactions ex vivo. This information will be useful to investigators interested in exploiting the LIPSTIC technology to track their favorite immune interaction. © 2021 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.[Correction added on May 16, 2022, after first online publication: CRUI‐CARE funding statement has been added.]Basic Protocol 1: Design of LIPSTIC‐engineered ligand and receptor pairsBasic Protocol 2: Cloning of LIPSTIC‐engineered ligand and receptor pairsBasic Protocol 3: Validation of LIPSTIC‐engineered ligand and receptor pairs in 293T cellsBasic Protocol 4: Measuring interaction with LIPSTIC in immune cells ex vivo
Crowding, climate, and the case for social distancing among trees
Authors: Furniss Tucker J. , Das Adrian J. , van Mantgem Phillip J. , Stephenson Nathan L. , Lutz James A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn an emerging era of megadisturbance, bolstering forest resilience to wildfire, insects, and drought has become a central objective in many western forests. Climate has received considerable attention as a driver of these disturbances, but few studies have examined the complexities of climate–vegetation–disturbance interactions. Current strategies for creating resilient forests often rely on retrospective approaches, seeking to impart resilience by restoring historical conditions to contemporary landscapes, but historical conditions are becoming increasingly unattainable amidst modern bioclimatic conditions. What becomes an appropriate benchmark for resilience when we have novel forests, rapidly changing climate, and unprecedented disturbance regimes? We combined two longitudinal datasets—each representing some of the most comprehensive spatially explicit, annual tree mortality data in existence—in a post‐hoc factorial design to examine the nonlinear relationships between fire, climate, forest spatial structure, and bark beetles. We found that while prefire drought elevated mortality risk, advantageous local neighborhoods could offset these effects. Surprisingly, mortality risk (Pm) was higher in crowded local neighborhoods that burned in wet years (Pm = 42%) compared with sparse neighborhoods that burned during drought (Pm = 30%). Risk of beetle attack was also increased by drought, but lower conspecific crowding impeded the otherwise positive interaction between fire and beetle attack. Antecedent fire increased drought‐related mortality over short timespans (<7 years) but reduced mortality over longer intervals. These results clarify interacting disturbance dynamics and provide a mechanistic underpinning for forest restoration strategies. Importantly, they demonstrate the potential for managed fire and silvicultural strategies to offset climate effects and bolster resilience to fire, beetles, and drought.
Tobacco product use for weight control as an eating disorder behavior: Recommendations for future clinical and public health research
Authors: Mason Tyler B. , Tackett Alayna P. , Smith Caitlin E. , Leventhal Adam M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTobacco product use (TPU; e.g., smoking, e‐cigarettes, other emerging products) is elevated in eating disorders (EDs), yet the phenomenology of tobacco use within EDs has not received much attention. Due to the appetite suppressant effects of tobacco products as well as the array of availability of tobacco products in hedonic flavors (e.g., gummy bear, fruit), TPU may be used for weight control, such as to suppress appetite, satisfy cravings, or for meal replacement. The purpose of this article was to outline theoretical research on TPU for weight control as a mechanism in EDs as well as key areas for future research. We discuss the conceptualization and nature of TPU for weight control and how it may be related to EDs and associated behaviors, TPU patterns and smoking for weight control in EDs, and the effectiveness of current interventions and development of novel intervention protocols for individuals with EDs who use tobacco. Overall, this article outlines novel research questions on TPU in EDs and as a weight control behavior and provides recommendations to clarify the conceptualization and role of TPU within EDs.
Marine subsidy promotes spatial and dietary niche variation in an omnivore, the Keen’s mouse (Peromyscus keeni)
Authors: Davidson Katie H. , Starzomski Brian M. , El‐Sabaawi Rana , Hocking Morgan D. , Reynolds John D. , Wickham Sara B. , Darimont Chris T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMarine‐derived resource subsidies can generate intrapopulation variation in the behaviors and diets of terrestrial consumers. How omnivores respond, given their multiple trophic interactions, is not well understood. We sampled mice (Peromyscus keeni) and their food sources at five sites on three islands of the Central Coast of British Columbia, Canada, to test predictions regarding variation in the spatial behavior and consumption of marine‐subsidized foods among individuals. About 50% of detections (n = 27 recaptures) occurred at traps closest to shoreline (25 m), with capture frequencies declining significantly inland (up to 200 m). Stable isotope signatures (δ13C and δ15N), particularly δ15N, in plant foods, forest arthropod prey, and mouse feces were significantly enriched near shorelines compared with inland, while δ13C patterns were more variable. Bayesian isotope mixing models applied to isotope values in mouse hair indicated that over one‐third (35–37%) of diet was comprised of beach‐dwelling arthropods, a marine‐derived food source. Males were more abundant near the shoreline than females and consumed more marine‐derived prey, regardless of reproductive status or availability of other food sources. Our results identify how multiple pathways of marine nutrient transfer can subsidize terrestrial omnivores and how subsets of recipient populations can show variation in spatial and dietary response.