bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of COVID‐19‐related public health measures on HCV testing in British Columbia, Canada: An interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Binka Mawuena , Bartlett Sofia , Velásquez García Héctor A. , Darvishian Maryam , Jeong Dahn , Adu Prince , Alvarez Maria , Wong Stanley , Yu Amanda , Samji Hasina , Krajden Mel , Wong Jason , Janjua Naveed Z. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground & AimsPublic health measures introduced to limit transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), also disrupted various healthcare services in many regions worldwide, including British Columbia (BC), Canada. We assessed the impact of these measures, first introduced in BC in March 2020, on hepatitis C (HCV) testing and first‐time HCV‐positive diagnoses within the province.MethodsDe‐identified HCV testing data for BC residents were obtained from the provincial Public Health Laboratory. Weekly changes in anti‐HCV, HCV RNA and genotype testing episodes and first‐time HCV‐positive (anti‐HCV/RNA/genotype) diagnoses from January 2018 to December 2020 were assessed and associations were determined using segmented regression models examining rates before vs after calendar week 12 of 2020, when measures were introduced.ResultsAverage weekly HCV testing and first‐time HCV‐positive diagnosis rates fell immediately following the imposition of public health measures by 62.3 per 100 000 population and 2.9 episodes per 1 000 000 population, respectively (P < .0001 for both), and recovered in subsequent weeks to near pre‐March 2020 levels. Average weekly anti‐HCV positivity rates decreased steadily pre‐restrictions and this trend remained unchanged afterwards.ConclusionsReductions in HCV testing and first‐time HCV‐positive diagnosis rates, key drivers of progression along the HCV care cascade, occurred following the introduction of COVID‐19‐related public health measures. Further assessment will be required to better understand the full impact of these service disruptions on the HCV care cascade and to inform strategies for the re‐engagement of people who may have been lost to care because of these measures.
Seasonal variation of carrageenan yield, gel strength and viscosity in Sarcopeltis (ex Gigartina) skottsbergii from Southern Chile
Authors: Westermeier Renato , González Carmen , Murúa Pedro , Morales Juan , Patiño David J. , Fabres Natacha , Zamorano Jaime , Müller Dieter G. 
Published: September 2021

SUMMARYChile is one of the top carrageenan producers worldwide, and Sarcopeltis (ex Gigartina) skottsbergii one of the topmost exploited carrageenophytes from the wild in the world. Total yield, gel strength and viscosity from two contrasting environments Calbuco and Ancud (Inner and Outer Sea, Chile) were estimated monthly in approximately 2 years for this species. While carrageenan yields did not show differences between localities, gametophytes in spring–summer had 15% higher, compared to tetrasporophytes. Sizes (frond surface) normally did not affect carrageenan yields. Gametophytes showed clear differences in gel strength between seasons, but not between localities, with maximum peaks during winter–spring months in Calbuco and autumn‐winter months in Ancud. Seasonal variations in viscosity were also significant. While gametophyte viscosity did not exceed 120 cPs, tetrasporophytes reached 1400 cPs in Calbuco and 1000 cPs in Ancud. More remarkably, a positive correlation between viscosity and gel strength was found in S. skottsbergii gametophytes, which is significantly different between both localities. These results suggest that selective harvesting in spring–summer should be preferred to optimize cost–benefit of harvesting activities and subsequent carrageenan productivity.
Canine anal sac gland carcinoma with regional lymph node metastases treated with sacculectomy and lymphadenectomy: Outcome and possible prognostic factors
Authors: Tanis Jean‐Benoit , Simlett‐Moss Angharad B. , Ossowksa Malgorzata , Maddox Thomas W. , Guillem James , Lopez‐Jimenez Cristobal , Polton Gerry , Burrow Rachel , Finotello Riccardo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe staging system commonly used in canine anal sac gland carcinoma (ASGC) is a revised Tumour‐Node‐Metastasis (TNM) system published in 2007. This staging system consists in four stages and, for dogs with nodal metastases, the size of the metastatic lymph node (mLN) defines the N stage. However, we hypothesise that (1) the mLN size has no prognostic significance when the mLN can be excised, (2) a high number of mLNs is associated with poorer prognosis and (3) the measurement of the mLN on imaging is not reproducible. To investigate these hypotheses, medical records and diagnostic images of dogs with ASGC and mLN, treated with sacculectomy and lymphadenectomy, with or without chemotherapy, were reviewed. Interobserver variability for mLN measurement was assessed. Prognostic factors including mLN size and number were investigated. Time to documented progression (TDP) and disease‐specific survival (DSS) were evaluated. Progression‐free interval (PFI) was analysed with interval‐censored data analysis. Fifty‐seven dogs were included. The median PFI, TDP and DSS were 110 (95%CI 61.5–185.5), 196 (95%CI 162–283) and 340 days (95%CI 321–471), respectively. For measurement of the largest mLN, interobserver agreement was excellent but limits of agreement reached 39.7%. Neither the size of the largest mLN nor the use of adjuvant chemotherapy were associated with outcome. The number of mLNs was associated with outcome and having more than four mLNs was associated with shorter PFI (p < .001), TDP (p = .004) and DSS (p < .001). While mLN size measurement was not consistently reproducible and did not influence outcome in our cohort, number of mLNs did. Further studies are required for development of a revised staging system.
Thermodynamic limits for assimilation of silicate crust in primitive magmas
Authors: Heinonen Jussi S. , Spera Frank J. , Bohrson Wendy A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Some geochemical models for basaltic and more primitive rocks suggest that their parental magmas have assimilated tens of weight percent of crustal silicate wall rock. But what are the thermodynamic limits for assimilation in primitive magmas? We pursue this question quantitatively using a freely available thermodynamic tool for phase equilibria modeling of open magmatic systems—the Magma Chamber Simulator (https://mcs.geol.ucsb.edu)—and focus on modeling assimilation of wall-rock partial melts, which is thermodynamically more efficient compared to bulk assimilation of stoped wall-rock blocks in primitive igneous systems. In the simulations, diverse komatiitic, picritic, and basaltic parental magmas assimilate progressive partial melts of preheated average lower, middle, and upper crust in amounts allowed by thermodynamics. Our results indicate that it is difficult for any subalkaline primitive magma to assimilate more than 20−30 wt% of upper or middle crust before evolving to compositions with higher SiO2 than a basaltic magma (52 wt%). On the other hand, typical komatiitic magmas have thermodynamic potential to assimilate as much as their own mass (59−102 wt%) of lower crust and retain a basaltic composition. The compositions of the parental melt and the assimilant heavily influence both how much assimilation is energetically possible in primitive magmas and the final magma composition given typical temperatures. These findings have important implications for the role of assimilation in the generation and evolution of, e.g., ultramafic to mafic trans-Moho magmatic systems, siliceous high-Mg basalts, and massif-type anorthosites.
Use of menopausal hormone therapy and risk of dementia: nested case-control studies using QResearch and CPRD databases
Authors: Vinogradova Yana , Dening Tom , Hippisley-Cox Julia , Taylor Lauren , Moore Michael , Coupland Carol 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
To assess the risks of developing dementia associated with different types and durations of menopausal hormone therapy.

Design
Two nested case-control studies.

Setting
UK general practices contributing to QResearch or the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), using all links to hospital, mortality, and social deprivation data.

Participants
118 501 women aged 55 and older with a primary diagnosis of dementia between 1998 and 2020, matched by age, general practice, and index date to 497 416 female controls.

Main outcome measures
Dementia diagnoses from general practice, mortality, and hospital records; odds ratios for menopausal hormone treatments adjusted for demographics, smoking status, alcohol consumption, comorbidities, family history, and other prescribed drugs.

Results
Overall, 16 291 (14%) women with a diagnosis of dementia and 68 726 (14%) controls had used menopausal hormone therapy more than three years before the index date. Overall, no increased risks of developing dementia associated with menopausal hormone therapy were observed. A decreased global risk of dementia was found among cases and controls younger than 80 years who had been taking oestrogen-only therapy for 10 years or more (adjusted odds ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.76 to 0.94). Increased risks of developing specifically Alzheimer’s disease were found among women who had used oestrogen-progestogen therapy for between five and nine years (1.11, 1.04 to 1.20) and for 10 years or more (1.19, 1.06 to 1.33). This was equivalent to, respectively, five and seven extra cases per 10 000 woman years. Detailed risk associations for the specific progestogens studied are also provided.

Conclusion
This study gives estimates for risks of developing dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in women exposed to different types of menopausal hormone therapy for different durations and has shown no increased risks of developing dementia overall. It has shown a slightly increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease among long term users of oestrogen-progestogen therapies.
Development of a dual-factor measure of adolescent mental health: an analysis of cross-sectional data from the 2014 Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study
Authors: King Nathan , Davison Colleen M , Pickett William 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionStudies of adolescent mental health require valid measures that are supported by evidence-based theories. An established theory is the dual-factor model, which argues that mental health status is only fully understood by incorporating information on both subjective well-being and psychopathology.ObjectivesTo develop a novel measure of adolescent mental health based on the dual-factor model and test its construct validity.DesignCross-sectional analysis of national health survey data.Setting and participantsNationally weighted sample of 21 993 grade 6–10 students; average age: 14.0 (SD 1.4) years from the 2014 Canadian Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study.MeasuresSelf-report indicators of subjective well-being (life satisfaction, positive and negative affect), and psychopathology (psychological symptoms and overt risk-taking behaviour) were incorporated into the dual-factor measure. Characteristics of adolescents families, specific mental health indicators and measures of academic and social functioning were used in the assessment of construct validity.ResultsProportions of students categorised to the four mental health groups indicated by the dual-factor measure were 67.6% ‘mentally healthy’, 17.5% ‘symptomatic yet content’, 5.5% ‘asymptomatic yet discontent’ and 9.4% ‘mentally unhealthy’. Being mentally healthy was associated with the highest functioning (greater social support and academic functioning) and being mentally unhealthy was associated with the worst. A one-unit increase (ranges=0–10) in peer support (OR 1.19; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.22), family support (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.28 to 1.36), student support (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.17 to 1.24) and average school marks (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.10 to 1.27) increased the odds of being symptomatic yet content versus mentally unhealthy. Mentally healthy youth were the most likely to live with both parents (77% vs ≤65%) and report their family as well-off (62% vs ≤53%).ConclusionsWe developed a novel, construct valid dual-factor measure of adolescent mental health. This potentially provides a nuanced and comprehensive approach to the assessment of adolescent mental health that is direly needed.
Postnatal exercise interventions: a systematic review of adherence and effect
Authors: Mullins Edward , Sharma Shalini , McGregor Alison H 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate adherence to and effect of postnatal physical activity (PA) interventions.DesignSystematic review of PA intervention randomised controlled trials in postnatal women. The initial search was carried out in September 2018, and updated in January 2021.Data sourcesEmbase, MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases, hand-searching references of included studies. The 25 identified studies included 1466 postnatal women in community and secondary care settings.Eligibility criteriaStudies were included if the PA interventions were commenced and assessed in the postnatal year.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted using a prespecified extraction template and assessed independently by two reviewers using Cochrane ROB 1 tool.Results1413 records were screened for potential study inclusion, full-text review was performed on 146 articles, 25 studies were included. The primary outcome was adherence to PA intervention. The secondary outcomes were the effect of the PA interventions on the studies’ specified primary outcome. We compared effect on primary outcome for supervised and unsupervised exercise interventions. Studies were small, median n=66 (20–130). PA interventions were highly variable, targets for PA per week ranged from 60 to 275 min per week. Loss to follow-up (LTFU) was higher (14.5% vs 10%) and adherence to intervention was lower (73.6% vs 86%) for unsupervised versus supervised studies.ConclusionsStudies of PA interventions inconsistently reported adherence and LTFU. Where multiple studies evaluated PA as an outcome, they had inconsistent effects, with generally low study quality and high risk of bias. Agreement for effect between studies was evident for PA improving physical fitness and reducing fatigue. Three studies showed no adverse effect of PA on breast feeding. High-quality research reporting adherence and LTFU is needed into how and when to deliver postnatal PA interventions to benefit postnatal physical and mental health.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019114836.
Evaluation of a knowledge translation strategy to improve policymaking and practices in health promotion and disease prevention setting in French regions: TC-REG, a realist study
Authors: Martin-Fernandez Judith , Aromatario Olivier , Prigent Ollivier , Porcherie Marion , Ridde Valéry , Cambon Linda 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveThis paper presents the results of a realist evaluation of a knowledge translation (KT) intervention implemented in the field of health promotion and disease prevention at the local level in France.DesignRealist evaluation study.SettingThe target population comprised decision-makers and field professionals working in prevention and public health services operating in regions of France (ie, ARS (Agence Régionale de Santé: regional health agency), IREPS (Instance Régionale d'Education et de Promotion de la Santé pour tous: regional organisation for health promotion and education) and their partners).ParticipantsThis evaluation was based on data collected from 2 seminars, 82 interviews, 18 observations and 4 focus groups over 18 months.InterventionThe TC-REG intervention aimed to increase the use of evidence in cancer prevention, health promotion and disease prevention across four geographical regions in France. The intervention combined various activities: Supporting access to and adaptation of usable evidence, strengthening professionals’ skills in analysing, adopting and using policy briefs, and facilitating the use of evidence in organisations and processes.ResultsThe collected data was used to define favourable/unfavourable contexts for the use of scientific data and mechanisms to be activated to encourage the use of scientific knowledge. From these raw results eight final refined middle-range theories were defined. Organised around the mechanisms to be activated, these middle-range theories illustrate how to activate knowledge and under what conditions. These analyses provided a basis for the production of seven operational and contextualised recommendations to develop KT to inform regional policymaking regarding health promotion and disease prevention.ConclusionThe results obtained from the analyses led us to formulate two perspectives of an operational nature for the benefit of those involved in prevention and health promotion.
Accidental death during pregnancy and puerperium from 2009 to 2019 in Hunan, China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kong Fanjuan , Wang Aihua , Su Jinping , He Jian , Xie Donghua , Xiong Lili , Sheng Xiaoqi , Liu Zhiyu 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveFew studies have analysed accidental maternal deaths. This study analysed the basic situation and classification of maternal accidental deaths and compared the differences between urban and rural areas.DesignA cross-sectional study on accidental deaths during pregnancy and puerperium from 2009 to 2019 in Hunan Province.SettingHunan Province, with a population of 74 million, has an area of 210 000 km2and 123 counties/districts.ParticipantsA collection of 239 cases of accidental death during pregnancy and puerperium in Hunan Province from 2009 to 2019, including 181 cases of rural pregnancy and puerperium and 58 cases of urban pregnancy and puerperium.Main outcome measureClassification of accidental mortality of pregnant women.ResultsA total of 239 accidental deaths occurred in Hunan Province, with an accidental mortality rate of 2.8 per 100 000 live births. The accidental mortality rate in rural areas (3.2 per 100 000 live births) was higher than in urban areas (2.0 per 100 000 live births). The proportion of accidental deaths among pregnancy-related deaths showed an upward trend. The main types of accidental deaths were suicide (1.0 per 100 000 live births), traffic accidents (0.8 per 100 000 live births), accidental poisoning/overdose and assault/homicide (0.2 per 100 000 live births), and other accidents (0.6 per 100 000 live births). Maternal accidental deaths were mainly concentrated in low-income families, in rural areas and in those with low level of education. 74.5% of accidental deaths occurred before childbirth. 49.2% of pregnant women gave birth by caesarean section.ConclusionIn response to the different causes of accidental maternal death, public health programmes and policy interventions should pay special attention to maternal suicide and traffic injuries.
‘We have been in lockdown since he was born’: a mixed methods exploration of the experiences of families caring for children with intellectual disability during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK
Authors: Wolstencroft Jeanne , Hull Laura , Warner Lauren , Akhtar Tooba Nadeem , Mandy William ,   IMAGINE-ID consortium, Skuse David 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the experiences of parents caring for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) during the UK national lockdown in spring 2020, resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignParticipants were identified using opportunity sampling from the IMAGINE-ID national (UK) cohort and completed an online survey followed by a semistructured interview. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.SettingInterviews were conducted over the telephone in July 2020 as the first UK lockdown was ending.Participants23 mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities aged 5–15 years were recruited.ResultsThemes reported by parents included: managing pre-existing challenges during a time of extreme change, having mixed emotions about the benefits and difficulties that arose during the lockdown and the need for appropriate, individualised support.ConclusionsOur findings confirm observations previously found in UK parents of children with IDD and provide new insights on the use of technology during the pandemic for schooling and healthcare, as well as the need for regular check-ins.
Pre-admission interventions (prehabilitation) to improve outcome after major elective surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Perry Rachel , Herbert Georgia , Atkinson Charlotte , England Clare , Northstone Kate , Baos Sarah , Brush Tim , Chong Amanda , Ness Andy , Harris Jessica , Haase Anne , Shah Sanjoy , Pufulete Maria 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the benefits and harms of pre-admission interventions (prehabilitation) on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing major elective surgery.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (published or unpublished). We searched Medline, Embase, CENTRAL, DARE, HTA and NHS EED, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsychINFO and ISI Web of Science (June 2020).SettingSecondary care.ParticipantsPatients (≥18 years) undergoing major elective surgery (curative or palliative).InterventionsAny intervention administered in the preoperative period with the aim of improving postoperative outcomes.Outcomes and measuresPrimary outcomes were 30-day mortality, hospital length of stay (LoS) and postoperative complications. Secondary outcomes included LoS in intensive care unit or high dependency unit, perioperative morbidity, hospital readmission, postoperative pain, heath-related quality of life, outcomes specific to the intervention, intervention-specific adverse events and resource use.Review methodsTwo authors independently extracted data from eligible RCTs and assessed risk of bias and the certainty of evidence using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to pool data across trials.Results178 RCTs including eight types of intervention were included. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT), immunonutrition and multimodal interventions reduced hospital LoS (mean difference vs usual care: −1.81 days, 95% CI −2.31 to −1.31; −2.11 days, 95% CI −3.07 to −1.15; −1.67 days, 95% CI −2.31 to −1.03, respectively). Immunonutrition reduced infective complications (risk ratio (RR) 0.64 95% CI 0.40 to 1.01) and IMT, and exercise reduced postoperative pulmonary complications (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.80, and RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.75, respectively). Smoking cessation interventions reduced wound infections (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.64).ConclusionsSome prehabilitation interventions may reduce postoperative LoS and complications but the quality of the evidence was low.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42015019191.