bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eligibility for mechanical circulatory support devices based on current and past randomised cardiogenic shock trials
Authors: Schrage Benedikt , Beer Benedikt N. , Savarese Gianluigi , Dabboura Salim , Yan Isabell , Sundermeyer Jonas , Becher Peter M. , Grahn Hanno , Seiffert Moritz , Bernhardt Alexander , Thiele Holger , Møller Jacob E. , Kluge Stefan , Reichenspurner Hermann , Kirchhof Paulus , Blankenberg Stefan , Westermann Dirk 
Published: June 2021

AimsMechanical circulatory support devices (MCS) are potentially effective treatments for cardiogenic shock (CS) and are thus evaluated in several randomised controlled trials (RCTs). However, it is not clear how enrolment criteria of these RCTs apply to a real‐world CS population. This study aimed to shed light on eligibility to these trials.Methods and resultsPragmatic enrolment criteria for the IABP‐SHOCK II, the DanGer‐SHOCK, the ECLS‐SHOCK and the EURO‐SHOCK trials were retrospectively applied to 1305 CS patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital between 2009 and 2019. Based on this, major enrolment criteria were identified and outcome between eligible and ineligible patients was assessed. In this study, 415 (31.8%) patients were eligible for any study. Lowest eligibility was observed for DanGer‐SHOCK (11.9%) and the highest for IABP‐SHOCK II (26.9%). Over all trials, inclusion criteria were more restrictive than exclusion criteria and absence of CS caused by acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was the primary reason for non‐eligibility. However, even in CS caused by AMI, enrolment criteria were only met in 65.4% of patients. Importantly, 30‐day mortality was high across all patients/trials, irrespective of eligibility or non‐eligibility.ConclusionThe present study highlights that current and past RCTs only reflect about a third of the overall CS population. While enrolment criteria are a necessary aspect of RCTs, their application limits generalisability of the trials' findings. More trials on CS sub‐populations not represented by current or past trials, e.g. CS not caused by AMI, are needed, especially as mortality is high irrespective of eligibility status.
Aspirin and left ventricular assist devices: rationale and design for the international randomized, placebo‐controlled, non‐inferiority ARIES HM3 trial
Authors: Mehra Mandeep R. , Crandall Daniel L. , Gustafsson Finn , Jorde Ulrich P. , Katz Jason N. , Netuka Ivan , Uriel Nir , Connors Jean M. , Sood Poornima , Heatley Gerald , Pagani Francis D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsOver decades, left ventricular assist device (LVAD) technology has transitioned from less durable bulky pumps to smaller continuous‐flow pumps which have substantially improved long‐term outcomes and quality of life. Contemporary LVAD therapy is beleaguered by haemocompatibility‐related adverse events including thrombosis, stroke and bleeding. A fully magnetically levitated pump, the HeartMate 3 (HM3, Abbott, USA) LVAD, has been shown to be superior to the older HeartMate II (HMII, Abbott, USA) pump by improving haemocompatibility. Experience with the HM3 LVAD suggests near elimination of de‐novo pump thrombosis, a marked reduction in stroke rates, and only a modest decrease in bleeding complications. Since the advent of continuous‐flow LVAD therapy, patients have been prescribed a combination of aspirin and anticoagulation therapy on the presumption that platelet activation and perturbations to the haemostatic axis determine their necessity. Observational studies in patients implanted with the HM3 LVAD who suffer bleeding have suggested a signal of reduced subsequent bleeding events with withdrawal of aspirin. The notion of whether antiplatelet therapy can be avoided in an effort to reduce bleeding complications has now been advanced.MethodsTo evaluate this hypothesis and its clinical benefits, the Antiplatelet Removal and Hemocompatibility Events with the HeartMate 3 Pump (ARIES HM3) has been introduced as the first‐ever international prospective, randomized, double‐blind and placebo‐controlled, non‐inferiority trial in a patient population implanted with a LVAD.ConclusionThis paper reviews the biological and clinical role of aspirin (100 mg) with LVADs and discusses the rationale and design of the ARIES HM3 trial.
Natural killer cell engagers in cancer immunotherapy: Next generation of immuno‐oncology treatments
Authors: Demaria Olivier , Gauthier Laurent , Debroas Guilhaume , Vivier Eric 
Published: June 2021

AbstractImmuno‐oncology is revolutionizing the treatment of cancers, by inducing the recognition and elimination of tumor cells by the immune system. Recent advances have focused on generating or unleashing tumor antigen‐specific T‐cell responses, leading to alternative treatment paradigms for many cancers. Despite these successes, the clinical benefit has been limited to a subset of patients and certain tumor types, highlighting the need for alternative strategies. One innovative approach is to broaden and amplify antitumoral immune responses by targeting innate immunity. Particularly, the aim has been to develop new antibody formats capable of stimulating the antitumor activity of innate immune cells, boosting not only their direct role in tumor elimination, but also their function in eliciting multicellular immune responses ultimately resulting in long‐lasting tumor control by adaptive immunity. This review covers the development of a new class of synthetic molecules, natural killer cell engagers (NKCEs), which are built from fragments of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and are designed to harness the immune functions of NK cells in cancer. As currently shown in preclinical studies and clinical trials, NKCEs are promising candidates for the next generation of tumor immunotherapies.
Team resilience emergence: Perspectives and experiences of military personnel selected for elite military training
Authors: Chapman Michael T. , Temby Philip , Crane Monique , Ntoumanis Nikos , Quested Eleanor , Thøgersen‐Ntoumani Cecilie , Parker Sharon K. , Ducker Kagan J. , Peeling Peter , Gucciardi Daniel F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe conducted a longitudinal (3‐month) qualitative study to examine elite military personnel's (N = 32) experiences and perspectives of team resilience emergence following two team‐oriented training courses within an 18‐month high‐stakes training programme where personnel are required to operate in newly formed tactical teams for extended periods. Our thematically informed interpretations of the participants’ subjective experiences of reality were constructed according to five key themes: (i) adversity is an enduring, shared experience of an event; (ii) individuals recognise adversity through physiological and/or behavioural states; (iii) social resources bind together individual self‐regulatory capacities when confronted with adversity to support team functioning; (iv) shared experiences of adversity and collective structures strengthen social bonds and mental models needed for resilience emergence; and (v) behavioural processes and shared states are how collectives turn individual and team capacities into performance under adversity. These findings provide novel insights that supplement our current understanding of team resilience emergence, including the varying means by which adversity may be collectively experienced, synergies between specific forms of adversity and resilience processes or protective factors, and the unique influence of performance context (e.g., task type).
Application of the novel pH‐catalytic‐magnetic tri‐functionalities augmented bead for removal of organic dye pollutants
Authors: Yee Li Ying , Ng Qi Hwa , Shuit Siew Hoong , Enche Ab Rahim Siti Kartini , Mohammad Nawi Dalila , Low Siew Chun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA tri‐functionality magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are crucial for environmental remediation. This research focused on the synthesis of pH‐catalytic‐magnetic polymer beads for dye removal by using phase inversion technique. In 15 wt% of polyethersulfone (PES) polymer possessed the highest porosity (80%) was used in the synthesis of MNPs‐PES beads. The methylene blue (MB) removal efficiency of MNPs‐PES beads and PES beads was 72.94% and 62.67%, respectively. Similarly, the removal efficiency of methyl orange (MO) dye is higher for MNPs‐PES beads (38.56%) compared to PES beads (34.16%). Besides, the removal efficiency for MB dye by MNPs‐PES beads increased from 77.59% to 96.90% when solution pH increased from 3 to 9 while removal of MO dye increased from 61.14% to 74.35% when solution pH decreased from 9 to 3. Moreover, the removal efficiency for MB dye increased from 72.94% to 93.43% when H2O2 is added. Additionally, MNPs‐PES beads were recollected successfully using external magnet. These indirectly proved that the MNPs‐PES beads were responsive towards the tri‐functionalities of pH‐catalytic‐magnetic. Lastly, the adsorption of MB dye onto MNPs‐PES beads were fitted well to Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo‐second‐order model with both correlations R2 of more than 0.98.
Hybrid geotechnical and structural seismic isolation: Shake table tests
Authors: Yuan Kang , Gan Dan , Guo Junlin , Xu Wenjie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a hybrid seismic isolation system composed of geotechnical (a layer of sand or gravel as foundation soil) and structural isolation (a low‐friction foundation sliding layer), aiming to effectively improve the seismic performance of rural buildings with an economical solution. The isolation system is most suitable for low‐rise buildings in high‐seismic areas. It is also effective in colder climates as replacing sand or gravel as the foundation soil eliminates frost heave. Shake table testing of three 1/4 scale models of two‐story masonry buildings was carried out: an unreinforced brick masonry structure (model MA, without isolation), an identical structure with geotechnical isolation (model MS, with a layer of gravel as the foundation soil), and an identical structure with hybrid geotechnical and structural isolation (model MC). The dynamic characteristics and responses of the three structures were assessed and compared. Test results showed that shear failure of brick walls of model MA occurred at the first story when the input peak ground acceleration reached 0.44g. For model MS, a similar shear failure mode occurred when the acceleration reached 1.02g. Model MC relied on the layer of gravel for isolation before 0.44g, and then several cracks occurred at the foundation sliding layer, which was a sign of sliding. The plastic damage was mainly concentrated in the second story, and model MC showed bending‐dominated deformation when the acceleration increased to 1.24g. This study clearly demonstrates the improved seismic performance and technical feasibility of the cost‐effective hybrid isolation system.
Increased Temperature Influenced Growth and Development of Lithobates pipiens Tadpoles Exposed to Leachates of the Invasive Plant European Buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) and a Triclopyr Herbicide
Authors: Curtis Amanda N. , Bidart Maria Gabriela 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Multiple factors including habitat loss, pollutants, invasive species, and disease have contributed to the global decline of amphibians, and further declines can be expected as a result of climate change. Warming temperatures may allow for range expansion of invasive plants, and because herbicides are the primary method to control invasive plants, chemical use may increase. A laboratory experiment was performed to examine the individual and combined effects of leachates from the invasive plant European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica, L.) and a triclopyr herbicide (Renovate® 3; 0.21 mg/L), which is commonly used to manage R. cathartica, on northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens, Schreber) tadpoles at 2 temperature regimes (20 and 25 °C). We measured tadpole growth weekly and body and intestine morphology at the conclusion of the experiment after 8 wk. In the presence of R. cathartica leachates, tadpole growth increased at 25 °C, but only during the first 3 to 4 wk of the experiment. From week 5 until the end of the experiment, tadpoles were significantly smaller at 25 °C compared with 20 °C, but had more developed limb buds at the end of the experiment (except in the triclopyr treatment). Triclopyr had minimal effects on tadpole growth at the low dose used in this study. These results encourage further examination of potential effects of global climate changes in combination with other environmental factors that may impact amphibian populations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2547–2558. © 2021 SETAC
A survey on the blockchain techniques for the Internet of Vehicles security
Authors: Kumar Sathish , Velliangiri Sarveshwaran , Karthikeyan Periyasami , Kumari Saru , Kumar Sachin , Khan Muhammad Khurram 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRecently, The Internet of Vehicles (IoV) concept is becoming very popular due to sharing of the data between vehicles and the infrastructure. The sharing of data is very important for enhancing vehicular services, but at the same time makes IoV vulnerable for security and privacy issues. The smart and interconnected vehicles produce sophisticated services for transport authorities, car manufacturers, vehicle owners, and other service providers. IoV are very vulnerable to malicious attacks due to its self‐organizing nature and the open source nature of its implementations. This exposes the smart and interconnected vehicles to a variety of privacy and security threats, such as a remote hijacking or location tracking of vehicles. Thus, the security for IoV environment is critical. Blockchain technology has been recently used for cybersecurity due to the robustness and integrity preserving nature of its design. This review article provides a detailed survey of existing work in the literature to secure IoV through blockchain techniques such as security, privacy, reputation, distributed, decentralized, data sharing, authentication, and trust‐based approaches. The paper presents the detailed discussion and analysis of these blockchain techniques to secure IoV. In addition, we present the gaps and research challenges identified from the existing research works. This provides work directions for future research in blockchain techniques to secure IoV.
Antidiabetic effects of the ethanolic extract of Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch on streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in a mice model
Authors: Fazelipour Simin , Hadipour Jahromy Mahsa , Tootian Zahra , Goodarzi Nader 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMedicinal plants can protect different organs against diabetes‐induced oxidative stress due to their antioxidant compounds. The present study was designed to investigate the potential of Allium saralicum R.M. Fritsch (A. saralicum) ethanolic extract to alleviate the adverse effects of streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetes in male BALB/c mice. Seventy male mice were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 10). Diabetes was experimentally induced by STZ (60 mg/kg bw). A. saralicum ethanolic extract with doses 5, 20, 80, and 320 mg/kg was administrated for 20 consecutive days in diabetic animals. Based on the obtained results, the untreated diabetic mice showed high blood glucose level, cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL), white blood cells count (WBC), and platelets, as well as liver enzymes, urea, and creatinine. Administration of different doses of A. saralicum extract significantly reduced blood glucose level similar to glibenclamide. Also, the levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes restored toward normal level. All hepatic and renal function parameters as well as hematological parameters were improved following treatment with A. saralicum extract particularly at high doses. Histopathological studies showed a decrease in hepatic, renal, and pancreatic damage after treatment with A. saralicum extract. The results of the present work indicate that A. saralicum ethanolic extract can attenuate diabetic hepato‐renal, pancreatic, and hematological damages.
Unraveling the metabolic network of organic acids in solid‐state fermentation of Chinese cereal vinegar
Authors: Wu Yanfang , Xia Menglei , Zhang Xiaofeng , Li Xiaowei , Zhang Rongzhan , Yan Yufeng , Lang Fanfan , Zheng Yu , Wang Min 
Published: June 2021

AbstractShanxi aged vinegar (SAV) is fermented by multispecies microorganism with solid‐state fermentation (SSF) technology, which contains a variety of organic acids. However, the metabolic network of them in SSF is still unclear. In this study, metagenomics technology was used to reveal the microbial community and functional genes in SAV fermentation. The metabolic network of key organic acids with taste active value higher than 1 was reconstructed for the first time, including acetate, lactate, malate, citrate, succinate, and tartrate. The results show pyruvate is the core compound in the metabolic network of organic acids. Metabolic pathway of acetate plays a pivotal role in this network, and acetate has regulatory function on metabolism of other organic acids. Acetobacter and Lactobacillus are the predominant genera for organic acid metabolism in SSF of SAV. This is also the first report on metabolic network of organic acids in cereal vinegar, adding new knowledge on the flavor substance metabolism during multispecies fermentation of traditional fermented food.
The asymmetric experience of gains and losses in job security on health
Authors: Lepinteur Anthony 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIs workers' health more sensitive to losses than gains in job security? I address this question using the 1999 rise in the French Delalande tax as a quasi‐natural experiment. The tax design allows to separately identify the causal impact of exogenous gains and losses in job security on workers' health. Difference‐in‐differences estimation results show that a greater job insecurity reduces significantly self‐reported health. At the same time, more job security does not translate into a higher level of self‐reported health.
Machine learning model for predicting excessive muscle loss during neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in oesophageal cancer
Authors: Yoon Han Gyul , Oh Dongryul , Noh Jae Myoung , Cho Won Kyung , Sun Jong‐Mu , Kim Hong Kwan , Zo Jae Ill , Shim Young Mog , Kim Kyunga 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundExcessive skeletal muscle loss during neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) is significantly related to survival outcomes of oesophageal cancer. However, the conventional method for measuring skeletal muscle mass requires computed tomography (CT) images, and the calculation process is labour‐intensive. In this study, we built machine‐learning models to predict excessive skeletal muscle loss, using only body mass index data and blood laboratory test results.MethodsWe randomly split the data of 232 male patients treated with NACRT for oesophageal cancer into the training (70%) and test (30%) sets for 1000 iterations. The naive random over sampling method was applied to each training set to adjust for class imbalance, and we used seven different machine‐learning algorithms to predict excessive skeletal muscle loss. We used five input variables, namely, relative change percentage in body mass index, albumin, prognostic nutritional index, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio over 50 days. According to our previous study results, which used the maximal χ2 method, 10.0% decrease of skeletal muscle index over 50 days was determined as the cut‐off value to define the excessive skeletal muscle loss.ResultsThe five input variables were significantly different between the excessive and the non‐excessive muscle loss group (all P < 0.001). None of the clinicopathologic variables differed significantly between the two groups. The ensemble model of logistic regression and support vector classifier showed the highest area under the curve value among all the other models [area under the curve = 0.808, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.708–0.894]. The sensitivity and specificity of the ensemble model were 73.7% (95% CI: 52.6%–89.5%) and 74.5% (95% CI: 62.7%–86.3%), respectively.ConclusionsMachine learning model using the ensemble of logistic regression and support vector classifier most effectively predicted the excessive muscle loss following NACRT in patients with oesophageal cancer. This model can easily screen the patients with excessive muscle loss who need an active intervention or timely care following NACRT.
Explanatory models for the cause of Fragile X Syndrome in rural Cameroon
Authors: Kengne Kamga Karen , De Vries Jantina , Nguefack Séraphin , Munung Nchangwi Syntia , Wonkam Ambroise 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAmong the myriad causes of intellectual disability (ID), Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is the leading genetic cause. Yet, little is known of how people affected by this condition make sense of it. The present study aimed to investigate the explanatory models for the causes of FXS in an extended family mainly affected by this condition and members of the village from which they originated in Cameroon. Using an ethnographic approach, 92 participants were interviewed (59 females and 33 males) through 10 focus group discussions and 23 in‐depth interviews between April 2018 and February 2020. Data analysis revealed four explanatory models regarding the etiologies of FXS in the community. Firstly, the curse model described a curse from the chief because of the belief that his wives did not mourn his intellectually disabled servant. Secondly, the spiritual model relates FXS to a punishment from God. Thirdly, the socioeconomic model attributes FXS to events in the prenatal and perinatal periods. Finally, the genetic model describes the pattern of inheritance of the disease in the family. This paper helps to understand the explanatory disease models that exist for FXS in rural Cameroon and could inform genetic counseling practices, community genetic education, and policymakers when drafting protocols for public engagement activities.
Diversity of Balbiani body formation in internally and externally fertilizing representatives of Osteoglossiformes (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha)
Authors: Dymek Anna M. , Pecio Anna , Piprek Rafal P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDuring the early stages of oogenesis, the Balbiani body is formed in the primary oocytes. It consists of the Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and numerous mitochondria aggregated with germ plasm, but its form may differ among animals. Hypothetically, during oogenesis oocytes become adapted to future development in two different environments depending on internal or external fertilization. We aimed to investigate, using light and transmission electron microscopy, the development of the Balbiani body during oogenesis in representatives of Osteoglossiformes, one of the most basal Teleostei groups. We analyzed the structure of oogonia and primary oocytes in the internally fertilizing butterflyfish Pantodon buchholzi and the externally fertilizing Osteoglossum bicirrhosum and Arapaima gigas to compare formation of the Balbiani body in relation to modes of fertilization. We demonstrated that the presence of the germ plasm as well as the fusion and fission of mitochondria are the conserved features of the Bb. However, each species exhibited also some peculiar features, including the presence of three types of ooplasm with different electron density and mitochondria‐associated membranes in P. buchholzi; annulate lamellae, complexes of the Golgi apparatus, ER network, and lysosome‐like bodies in O. bicirrhosum; as well as karmellae and whorls formed by the lamellae of the ER in A. gigas. Moreover, the form of the germ plasm observed in close contact with mitochondria differed between osteoglossiforms, with a “net‐like” structure in P. buchholzi, the presence of numerous strings in O. bicirrhosum, and irregular accumulations in A. gigas. These unique features indicate that the extreme diversity of gamete structure observed so far only in the spermatozoa of osteoglossiforms is also characteristic for oocyte development in these basal teleosts. Possible reason of this variability is a period of about 150 million years of independent evolution of the lineages.