bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Corrosion Propagation Stage of Stainless Steel Reinforced Concrete: A Review
Authors: Saire-Yanez Julio , Alexander Christopher L. , Sagüés Alberto A. 
Published: May 2021

Stainless steel (SS) reinforcement is increasingly used to control corrosion of reinforced concrete in aggressive marine and deicing salt service. It is well established that the chloride threshold of SS is greater than that of plain steel (PS) rebar, yielding substantially increased duration of the corrosion initiation stage (ti). Much less known, however, is if there is a similar benefit to the duration of the corrosion propagation stage (tP). Thus, credit for increased tP in durability forecasts for SS use tends to be conservatively limited. To reduce that uncertainty, the literature was gleaned for the few instances where SS reinforcement had reached, and preferably completed, the corrosion propagation stage. Particular attention was given to actual structural service experience, outdoor tests, and realistic laboratory conditions. Only a single case of actual service in a structure was found for which tP could be estimated, albeit indirectly. The result suggests a tP of several decades for the case of austenitic Cr-Ni rebar in marine service. Outdoor tests without unnatural acceleration showed a few cases where tP was reached, but only for straight Cr ferritic alloys, which showed some limited improvement over tP for PS. With the additional insight from laboratory tests, it was concluded that SS rebar made with high pitting-resistant grades, and thoroughly descaled, had a positive outlook for propagation stage durations that substantially exceed those of PS rebar. Quantification of that improvement is much in need of further field and laboratory assessment.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar pada Materi Offering Help Menggunakan Model Snowball Throwing
Authors: Sugiharyanti Endang 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini dalam wujud Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), sebab terdapat permasalahan yang ditemukan penulis dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris, yaitu persentase siswa yang mendapatkan nilai kurang dari Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimun (KKM) yang ditetapkan 75. Sehingga penulis dengan melaksanakan PTK ini diharapkan dapat tingkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik yang diberi pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris pada materi Offering Help dengan menggunakan model Snowball Throwing. PTK dilakukan di kelas XII TKR A SMK Negeri 1 Ponjong. Peneliti melakukan kegiatan penelitian dengan 2 siklus, diawali dari perencanaan, penerapan, pengamatan, refleksi, serta perbaikan. Dalam kegiatan setiap siklus peneliti melakukannya 2 kali pertemuan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan model Snowball Throwing berjalan lebih baik. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan persentase nilai ketuntasan peserta didik mengalami kenaikan 22% ditunjukkan pada siklus I rata-rata 71 dan pada siklus II rata-rata 78 sementara persentase peserta didik yang mendapat nilai belum tuntas mengalami penurunan. Di akhir penelitian tingkat ketuntasan peserta didik secara klasikal meningkat dari dari 68% menjadi 90%.
Peningkatan Self Leadership dalam Merencanakan Karir melalui Layanan Informasi Daring Model Cooperative Learning
Authors: Yulianti Malthelda 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian tindakan kelas bimbingan konseling ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan self leadership dalam merencanakan karir melalui layanan informasi daring model cooperative learning. Subyek penelitian adalah peserta didik kelas XII MIPA-1SMA Negeri 2 Yogyakarta. Metode penelitian adalah observasi menggunakan instrumen yang disusun peneliti dengan mengacu pada kajian teori yang digunakan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif, yakni mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan layanan informasi daring model cooperative learning dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan tindakan, observasi dan refleksi pada setiap siklus. Data yang terkumpul dari instrumen penelitian pada siklus pertama, selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan data pada siklus kedua. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada peningkatan kemampuan self leadership peserta didik, pada kategori aspek self awareness dari 75.88% menjadi 84.38% meningkat sebesar 7.50%. Pada aspek self direct dari 78.12% menjadi 88.27% meningkat sebesar 10.60%. Selanjutnya pada aspek self manage dari 76.56% menjadi 85.93% meningkat sebesar 9.37%. Sedangkan pada aspek self accomplishment dari 78.11% menjadi 82.83% meningkat sebesar 4.72%. Dari hasil penelitian tindakan kelas bimbingan konseling ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa layanan informasi daring model cooperative learning dapat meningkatkan self leadership dalam merencakanan karir peserta didik kelas XII MIPA_1 SMA Negeri 2 Yogyakarta.
Peningkatan Keaktifan dan Hasil Belajar Materi Logika Matematika melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Team Game Tournament
Authors: Sularti Sularti 
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif TGT (Team Game Tournament) dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas XI TKJ A SMKN 1 Pleret. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Penelitian ini dilakukan bersama kolaborator yang merupakan teman sejawat. Siswa kelas XI TKJ A sebagai subyek penelitian berjumlah 34 orang. Penelitian ini dilakukan sebanyak 2 siklus, siklus pertama dengan materi pernyataan majemuk yaitu konjungsi, disjungsi, implikasi dan biimplikasi. Sedangkan siklus kedua dengan materi invers, konvers, dan kontraposisi. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi lembar observasi dan lembar tes. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, dokumentasi, catatan lapangan dan tes. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data kuantitatif diskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran kooperatif TGT yang terdiri dari 5 tahapan yang diterapkan pada mata pelajaran matematika dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar matematika siswa. Persentase keaktifan siswa sebelum diberikan tindakan hanya 50%, pada siklus I terjadi peningkatan menjadi 70,59% dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 83,95%. Dari tes hasil belajar diperoleh jumlah siswa yang tuntas sebelum diberikan tindakan hanya 17,65% pada siklus I terjadi peningkatan menjadi 29,41% dan meningkat menjadi 50% pada siklus II.
Penerapan Mind Mapping untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar pada Topik Kegiatan Ekonomi
Authors: Wardayadi Wardayadi 
Published: May 2021

Riset ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan model pembelajaran mind mapping dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar topik kegiatan ekonomi siswa kelas X IPS 1 di SMAN 1 Bambanglipuro tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang menerapkan model mind mapping dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar topik kegiatan ekonomi. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan teknik Penelitian Tindakan Kelas. Model Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini memakai model Kemmis McTaggart dan dijalankan dalam 2 siklus. Prinsip utama model ini adalah memberikan tindakan dalam siklus bertahap, di mana terdapat empat tahapan utama kegiatan, yaitu: perencanaan, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Alat pengumpul data yang dipakai adalah observasi kelas, tes prestasi belajar, dan studi dokumentasi. Observasi dilaksanakan langsung pada proses tindakan. Analisis data menggunakan analisis secara diskriptif analitik dengan penyajian tabel-tabel dan persentase. Penyajian data bentuk persentase selanjutnya didskripsikan dan diambil kesimpulan. Hasil riset ini menujukan penerapan model pembelajaran mind mapping dapat menaikkan prestasi belajar siswa. Peningkatan prestasi terlihat pada siklus I ada 14 siswa (51,58%) yang nilainya atau nilainya sudah KKM dan pada siklus II ada 24 siswa (88,89%) yang nilainya atau nilainya sudah KKM maka peningkatan ketuntasan belajar sebesar 37,04% dan peningkatan rerata prestasi belajar siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 14,81 yaitu dari nilai rerata 62,04 pada siklus I menjadi nilai rerata 76,85 pada siklus II. Hasil Afektif siswa juga naik yakni siklus I hanya kategori cukup dan pada siklus II menjadi sangat baik.
Sex, Drugs and Rock 'n' Roll in the Dutch Golden Age
Authors: Roberts Benjamin 
Published: May 2021

Binge drinking and illicit sex were just as common in the Dutch Golden Age as they are today, if not more so. Sex, Drugs and Rock 'n' Roll in the Dutch Golden Age is a compelling narrative about the generation of young men that came of age in the Dutch Republic during the economic boom of the early seventeenth century. Contrary to their parents' wishes, the younger generation grew up in luxury and wore extravagant clothing, grew their hair long, and squandered their time drinking and smoking. They created a new youth culture with many excesses; one that we today associate with the counterculture generation of the 1960s.
With his engaging storytelling style and humorous anecdotes, Roberts convincingly reveals that deviant male youth behavior is common to all times, especially periods when youngsters have too much money and too much free time on their hands.
Banking for a Better World
Authors: Kleiterp Nanno 
Published: May 2021

When we look at all the challenges facing the world, including inequality, population migration, and climate change, we can see a role for development banking in nearly all of them. But will that role be played for good or ill? This book brings together two people who collectively draw on their forty-five years of experience in that world to argue that development banking can-and must-play a constructive role.
We only need to read the news to find public outrage at tales of short-sighted greed in the financial world. But what happens when banks invest in long-term sustainability? Readers will find a fascinating example in the journey of the Dutch development bank FMO. At times global in perspective, at other moments intimately personal, Banking for a Better World interweaves candid anecdotes with development history, as well as banking lessons with client interviews, to deliver a powerful argument for a business model that generates profit through impact, and impact through profit.
This is an important and accessible must-read for anyone involved in banking, business, policy making, and civil society as a whole. Banking for a Better World challenges us to start finding overlaps between our own lives and global issues and to bridge the distance between our personal needs and those of our planet.
The ABC of Modern Biography
Authors: Hamilton Nigel , Renders Hans 
Published: May 2021

In this book - an ABC of the genre, with 26 entries - two renowned biographers and teachers take us on a tour, from A for Authorization to Z for Zigzagging to the End. In trenchant, witty entries they explore the good, the bad and the plain ugly in modern 'life writing' and the portrayal of real lives today - and how, across history and continents, we got here.
This book will fascinate general readers interested in how real lives are approached by biographers today in a multitude of media. It will make a much-needed contribution in academia, as well as providing an important text for students of history, language and literature, the arts, science and media. And, not least, for biographers trying to avoid the pitfalls of ignorance or ineptitude.
The Adornes Domain and the Jerusalem Chapel in Bruges
Authors: Lambert Véronique ,   Adornes vzw, Connerty Ian 
Published: May 2021

Bruges, middle of the 15th century. Anselm Adornes, scion of a rich patrician family, creates a magnificent domain in the heart of the city : an elegant mansion, beautiful gardens, several charitable almshouses and the spectacular Chapel of Jerusalem. It is a place that every right-minded resident of Bruges and every tourist must see.
The history of the Adornes domain is truly remarkable, remaining in the unbroken possession of the same family for six centuries. It has survived storms and setbacks, the secularism of the French Revolution, the fury of two world wars and inevitable periods of disinterest.
'In this book Véronique Lambert allows us to share in the hopes and fears, joys and sorrows, trials and tribulations that mark the milestones in the Adornes family saga. Within the boundaries of historical interpretation and based on extensive research, she unfolds a fascinating tale of ambitious adventurers, charismatic personalities, flamboyant lords and ordinary mortals, but each imbued with the family's traditional willpower and energy'.
Let yourself be enchanted by this fascinating piece of our cultural heritage, which deserves to be more widely known.
CORRELATION OF TRISOMY 12 WITH CLINICAL FEATURES AND OTHER LABORTARY PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA
Authors: Ahmed Ali , Hussain Ch Altaf , Malik Hamid Saeed , Naeem M Abdul , Mehmood Rafia , . Khadija 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of trisomy 12 in B-Cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), to correlate its association with clinico-pathologic features and to determine the role of this cytogenetic defect to the prognosis.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Haematology department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, from May 2017 to Aug 2018.
Methodology: A total of 56 newly diagnosed patients of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia were included in the study. Patients were diagnosed on the basis of National Cancer Institute Working Group guidelines. A detailed history and thorough clinical examination were performed and complete blood counts, biochemical profile, bone marrow examination, immunophenotyping on bone marrow/peripheral blood samples were done for the diagnosis of Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Interphase FISH studies were performed on blood/bone marrow aspiration for detection of Trisomy 12 were performed.
Results: Out of 56 patients, trisomy was detected in 12 (10.7%) patients. Out of 7 patients with trisomy 12, five patients presented in late stages (Binet stage B and C), however this association of Trisomy 12 with Binet stage was also statistically insignificant (p=0.474). About six with trisomy 12 were positive for CD 38, however this association was also not statistically significant (p=0.124). Results revealed that patients having trisomy 12 underwent chemotherapy at diagnosis and during follow ups as compared to patients having other cytogenic abnormalities. Moreover, patient with trisomy 12 develop progression in disease during course of illness, however association was statistically insignificant (p>0.05)............
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SEROMA FORMATION IN HARMONIC SCALPEL VERSUS ELECTROCAUTERY IN POST MODIFIED RADICAL MASTECTOMY
Authors: Shahid Muhammad Farooq , Ibrahim Taseer , Muazzam Muhammad Ali , Chaudhry Hummaira , Bukhari Usman Shah , Ahmed Ghufran 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To compare the frequency of seroma formation in harmonic scalpel vsunipolar electrocautery in post modified radical mastectomy (MRM).
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: General Surgery Department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jul to Dec 2017.
Methodology: Eighty women with breast carcinoma planned for modified radical mastectomy were included in the study with inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided in equal group A (Harmonic) and group B (Unipolar cautery). Randomization was performed by lottery method for both groups. A standard level III clearance was performed. All patients were followed up on weekly basis and seroma formation was evaluated in both groups.
Results: Mean age in group A and B was 51.36 ± 11.04 years vs 52 ± 11.19 years (p>0.05). Mean duration of complain in group A and B was 1.675 ± 0.47 months vs 1.775 ± 0.42 (p>0.05). Mean time of procedure in group A and B was 110.00 ± 4.71 mins vs 100.875 ± 5.14 (p>0.05). Mean body mass index in group A and B was 30.217 ± 4.99 kg/m2 vs 30.210 ± 5.31 kg/m2 (p>0.05). Seroma formation in group A and group B patients were found to be 5 (12.5%) vs 10 (25%) with (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Frequency of seroma formation in harmonic scalpel is lower than electrocautery in post modified radical mastectomy, so it can be safely performed along with harmonic scalpel with reduced duration of drainage and seroma formation.
DEMOGRAPHICS AND CORRELATION OF RISK FACTORS FOR HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN PATIENTS PRESENTING TO A TERTIARY CARE FACILITY IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Rashid Hafsa , Alam Laima , Farooq Muhammad Asif , Ali Muhammad Zafar 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Demographics of HCC in Pakistan. Correlation of HCC with its possible etiology. Correlation of tumoraggressiveness with PCR status and anti-viral treatment.
Study Design: Cross sectional study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi from Jul 2017 to Jun 2018.
Methodology: Patients with age >18 years presenting with space occupying lesion(s) of liver were confirmed to be HCC according to standard guidelines. The variables such as age, gender, presence of cirrhosis, etiology of cirrhosis, tumor staging, viral status through PCR study and the treatment offered were documented. Baseline descriptive data was reported as mean with SD for continuous variables. Chi square test was used to compare qualitative data.
Results: A total of 195 patients were enrolled for one year. Male population with HCC was in predominance (75.9%). Sixty one percent of the afflicted population was having liver cirrhosis, 34.9% had decompensated cirrhosis and 3.8% had no cirrhosis. HCV accounted for the bulk of patients with cirrhosis (82%) followed by HBV (9.2%), HBV and HCV co-infection (3.1%), NASH and cryptogenic cirrhosis (1.5% each). Majority got diagnosed with triphasic CECT scan Abdomen, only 3.6% needed liver biopsy for diagnosis. Majority (43.6%) belonged to BCLC B. Viral PCR was positive for 58.5% and 73.8% of the patients were treatment naïve.
Conclusion: HCC shows highest rates seen in male patients presenting in old age. Gender, classes of cirrhosis, number of lesions, portal vein thrombosis and extrahepatic metastasis correlated with possible risk factors of HCC. Tumor aggressiveness correlated with PCR status..............
IMPACT OF PHYSICIAN LED LIFE STYLE MODIFICATIONS (DIET AND DAILY STEP COUNT BY USING PEDOMETER) ON GLYCEMIC CONTROL OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETIC
Authors: Azhar Rimsha , Uttra Khurshid , Khan Andaleeb , Awan Marriam Hussain , Anwer Ayesha , Lodhi Muhammad Wajahat Alam , Qureshi Muhammad Waleed Hassan 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the impact of physician led life style modifications (diet and daily step count by using pedometer) on glycemic control of type II diabetic patients
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, Aug 2018 to Feb 2019.
Methodology: The sample population comprised of 200 diabetic patients reporting for the routine follow-up at a tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi. Patients were divided into two groups by random method. Group A had the patients with continuation of the routine anti-diabetic medication while group received the physician led life style modifications in addition to the routine anti diabetic medication. Values of HBA1c among the groups were compared three months after the start of study.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 42.19 ± 6.175 years. Mean duration of DM in the study participants was 4.52 ± 4.166 years. Out of 115 patients were male while 85 were female. HBA1c in the intervention group was 7.96% ± 0.39 while in the control group was 7.04% ± 0.81. Difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p-value<0.01).
Conclusion: This study showed a significant difference in glycemic control of patients who received physician led life style modification in addition to conventional biological treatment than those who only received the routine anti-diabetic medication. Physicians should be trained to impart this sort of education to the diabetic patients in routine diabetic clinics.
VARIOUS FACTORS INVOLVED DURING SAFE LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY IN CASES OF EMPYEMA GALL BLADDER
Authors: Ismail Muhammad , Watto Nasir Mehmood , Butt Muhammad Qasim , Naz Fareeha 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To evaluate the various factors involved during the safe cholecystectomy performed by laparoscopic method in cases of empyema of gall bladder operated at Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi.
Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from Nov 2017 to Mar 2019.
Methodology: This study was performed on 70 patients undergoing cholecystectomy by laparoscopic method for empyema gall bladder during the study period. Adverse effects after the procedure were assessed in detail at 48 hours, at time of discharge and two weeks after the procedure on all the participants. Demographic profile and other factors were compared in the groups with and without the complications by using the chi-square test and binary logistic regression.
Results: Out of 70 patients included in the final analysis 24 (34.3%) were male and 46 (65.7%) were female. Mean age of patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for empyema gall bladder in our study was 42.43 ± 3.161 years. Bile duct perforation and leakage 6 (8.5%) was the commonest complication among the patients included in our study followed by surgical site infection 5 (7.1%). With binary logistic regression we found that presence of co-morbids and high preoperative C reactive protein had a strong association with presence of complications among the patients undergoing cholecystectomy in our study while age, gender, transfusion during surgery were not linked with the complications during or after the study.
Conclusion: Limited number of patients faced the complications during or after the surgery. Patients with co-morbid.............
PRESCRIPTION AUDIT IN OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENTS OF TERTIARY CARE HOSPITALS; FACTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Authors: Khan Muhammad Wasiullah , Khurshied Saleh , Khurshid Nawal , Iqbal Rafay , Khizer M Azeem , Ahmed Hammad 
Published: May 2021

Objective: To evaluate written prescriptions according to a checklist based on WHO guidelines (prescription audit). To compare prescriptions of senior and junior physicians and to provide data and recommendations.
Study Design: Cross-sectional, analytic study.
Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital, and Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from March to Aug 2018.
Methodology: A total of 205 prescriptions using convenient sampling technique were analyzed according to a checklist based on WHO guidelines for standard prescription writing. Data was analyzed using SPSS-22.
Results: Out of total 205 prescriptions, 83 (40%) prescriptions belong to senior and 122 (60%) to junior physicians. Fifty (25%) prescriptions lacked patient name, 49 (24%) lacked age. Gender was mentioned in only 117 (57%) prescriptions. Date, diagnosis and dosage of drug were written in 170 (83%), 172 (84%) and 177 (86%) respectively while dosage form and route of administration were mentioned in 144 (70%) and 102 (50%) respectively. Generic name was written in only 75 (37%) prescriptions. Name and stamp of the doctor were available on 135 (66%) and 125 (61%) prescriptions respectively. A statistically significant association was observed between senior and junior physicians in terms of error in name of patient and dosage form (p=0.002& 0.005 respectively).
Conclusions: Prescriptions were mainly deficient in the generic names of drugs. Route of administration was missing in half of the prescriptions. None of the parameters was totally accurate. Prescriptions from junior physicians had more errors.