bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution computed tomography for the prediction of mortality in acute respiratory distress syndrome: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Imai Ryosuke , Nishimura Naoki , Takahashi Osamu , Tamura Tomohide 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) demonstrates several image patterns on high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between specific HRCT findings and the prognosis of ARDS.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study performed in a single hospital in Japan. We categorized HRCT findings into three distribution patterns: diffuse, subpleural sparing, and dorsal patterns. All patterns were assessed at three levels of each lung. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify parameters associated with in‐hospital mortality.ResultsA total of 144 patients with ARDS (age: 72 ± 16 years, 112 men) were included in the study. The in‐hospital mortality rate was 42% (survivors, n = 83; nonsurvivors, n = 61). Nonsurvivors were significantly older (70 ± 17 vs 76 ± 13, P = 0.01) and had lower serum albumin levels (P = 0.01), more traction bronchiectasis (P = 0.02), and more diffuse pattern (P < 0.001) than survivors. The presence of diffuse patterns was an independent adverse prognostic factor for predicting mortality (odds ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08‐1.61, P = 0.007).ConclusionsHRCT distribution patterns may predict mortality in ARDS patients.
Drexit: Understanding why junior doctors leave their training programs to train overseas: An observational study of UK physicians
Authors: Wilson Hannah C.P. , Abrams Sarah , Simpkin Begin Arabella 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntroductionDrexit (“Doctor‐Exit”) is the exponentially growing trend for junior doctors in the UK to walk away from their jobs in the National Health Service (NHS). Our objective was to identify the reasons why junior doctors in the UK leave their NHS training programs to train overseas.Materials and MethodsA simultaneous and convergent mixed‐methods study was performed to analyze both an online survey and semi‐structured interviews from junior doctors who had left the NHS. Social media, online professional media, and networks of junior doctors were used to recruit doctors. All were UK medical school graduates who had left the NHS within the last 15 years (2003‐2018).Results96.1% (149/155) of respondents reported not being offered an exit interview on leaving the NHS. 94.8% (147/155) of respondents did not regret quitting the NHS. Participants were more satisfied with their pay and work life balance in their overseas posts when compared to training in the NHS (P < 0.05). Burnout was variably defined and was prominent in doctors who left 53.8% (113/210) but was reversed when they practiced medicine overseas in 89.2% (74/83) of cases. Qualitative data identified four key themes which were categorized into push factors, which were lack of interest in retention and bleak outlook; and pull factors, which were financial vs social capital and things are different overseas.ConclusionListening to the frontline junior doctors' voices lend insights into a better understanding of the push and pull factors that appear to be exacerbating the exodus of junior doctors from the NHS. Our results indicate that exit interviews should be performed routinely. There needs to be a shift to focus on the training of doctors rather than service provision, with efforts to support, appreciate, and value junior doctors. Further exploration is needed to identify what is happening in training programs overseas to improve retention within the NHS. Furthermore, identifying issues perceived by junior doctors in the UK in the context of workforce planning may be applicable to healthcare systems across the globe.
Roughness effect on the correction factor of surface velocity for rill flows
Authors: Nicosia Alessio , Di Stefano Costanza , Palmeri Vincenzo , Pampalone Vincenzo , Ferro Vito 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFlow velocity is one of the most important hydrodynamic variables for both channelized (rill and gullies) and interrill erosive phenomena. The dye tracer technique to measure surface flow velocity Vs is based on the measurement of the travel time of a tracer needed to cover a known distance. The measured Vs must be corrected to obtain the mean flow velocity V using a factor αv = V/Vs which is generally empirically deduced. The Vs measurement can be influenced by the method applied to time the travel of the dye‐tracer and αv can vary in different flow conditions. Experiments were performed by a fixed bed small flume simulating a rill channel for two roughness conditions (sieved soil, gravel). The comparison between a chronometer‐based (CB) and video‐based (VB) technique to measure Vs was carried out. For each slope‐discharge combination, 20 measurements of Vs, characterized by a sample mean Vm, were carried out. For both techniques, the frequency distributions of Vs/Vm resulted independent of slope and discharge. For a given technique, all measurements resulted normally distributed, with a mean equal to one, and featured by a low variability. Therefore, Vm was considered representative of surface flow velocity. Regardless of roughness, the Vm values obtained by the two techniques were very close and characterized by a good measurement precision. The developed analysis on αv highlighted that it is not correlated with Reynolds number for turbulent flow regime. Moreover, αv is correlated neither with the Froude number nor with channel slope. However, the analysis of the empirical frequency distributions of the correction factor demonstrated a slope effect. For each technique (CB, VB)‐roughness (soil, gravel) combination, a constant correction factor was statistically representative even if resulted in less accurate V estimations compared to those yielded by the slope‐specific correction factor.
Rare case of retropubic parasymphyseal cyst in a male patient
Authors: Arase Shigeki , Arima Kiminobu , Kusafuka Tomoki , Kanamori Yasumitsu , Katou Hiroyuki , Imai Hiroshi , Koyama Takashi , Inoue Takahiro 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionRetropubic parasymphyseal cysta are rare, and few cases have been reported in men.Case presentationA 65‐year‐old male patient presented with a 6‐month history of pelvic and perineal pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a high‐intensity, irregular‐shaped mass extending from the pubic symphysis to the bladder. Contrast enhancement revealed no uptake in the central part of the mass, indicating a cystic component. Computed tomography showed erosion of the pubic symphysis and pubic osteophytes. Pathological findings of biopsy specimens revealed inflammatory fibrous tissue but no malignancy. The definitive diagnosis was retropubic parasymphyseal cyst associated with inflammation. The patient was treated with cefazolin from 1 day before surgery until postsurgical day 7. Oral antibiotic therapy was then prescribed for 1 month to maximize treatment. After 2 months, the patient’s symptoms resolved.ConclusionRetropubic parasymphyseal cysts with inflammation and smaller asymptomatic cysts can be managed effectively with conservative or minimally invasive treatment.
Deep learning based automated detection of intraretinal cystoid fluid
Authors: Ahmed Zeeshan , Panhwar Shahbaz Qamar , Baqai Attiya , Umrani Fahim Aziz , Ahmed Munawar , Khan Arbaaz 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe diversified ocular disorders in which cystoid macular edema (CME) occurs, are strongly associated with the vision loss. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans that allow screening of the retina, contain artifacts including blur‐edges, speckle noise, and so forth, which create difficulty in identifying retinal fluid. In this work, major image preprocessing techniques such as minimum filtering, block‐matching and 3D filtering, and Richardson–Lucy deconvolution method are applied to minimize noise and other degradation effects from OCT scans, ensured by maintaining image quality assessment scores, that is, blind‐less image spatial quality evaluator and sharpness estimation score. Furthermore, this work develops an automated method based on deep learning (DL) to detect the presence and progression of retinal fluid, that is, CME and its quantification. Specifically, U‐net model with efficient tuning of hyperparameters is proposed to obtain optimal results. The algorithm's performance is evaluated for accurate identification of fluid localization in the case of diabetic macular edema (DME), having CME regions, and compared against the manual segmentation of fluid by experts, which are highly correlated. This enhanced DL method achieves better performance than the algorithms previously reported. The proposed algorithm is evaluated on several performance metrics during training and reports the best score of 99.81, 0.50, 83.34, 86.56, 80.89, and 99.48% for model accuracy, binary cross‐entropy loss, Dice coefficient (DC), precision, recall, and area under the ROC‐curve, respectively. Additionally, fourfold cross‐validation technique is also applied and an average DC score of 84.00% is obtained. This approach can be helpful to prevent vision loss.
BookTok 101: TikTok, Digital Literacies, and Out‐of‐School Reading Practices
Authors: Jerasa Sarah , Boffone Trevor 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere has been a noticeable shift in how young readers approach reading where digital literacy communities serve as much purpose as traditional literacy communities like an ELA classroom. This article offers an introduction to TikTok and BookTok as well as several methods of integrating TikTok into classrooms. As the sub‐community for book lovers and readers, BookTok is connected to a lineage of literacy practices. Despite the newness of TikTok, these democratized spaces provide teen readers with agency, community, and digital literacies for their voices, ideas, and creativity to take shape. By including or acknowledging BookTok literacy practices in ELA classrooms, teachers have the potential to hinge on digital literacies that are ultimately shaping students and their cultural understandings.
Oral Calcitriol Use, Vertebral Fractures, and Vitamin K in Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fusaro Maria , Cianciolo Giuseppe , Tripepi Giovanni , Plebani Mario , Aghi Andrea , Politi Cristina , Zaninotto Martina , Nickolas Thomas L. , Ferrari Serge , Ketteler Markus , La Manna Gaetano , Gasperoni Lorenzo , Messa Piergiorgio , Ravera Maura , Gallieni Maurizio , Cosmai Laura , Locatelli Francesco , Iervasi Giorgio , Vettor Roberto , Mereu Maria Cristina , Sella Stefania , Arcidiacono Gaetano , Giannini Sandro 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Fractures and vascular calcifications (VCs) are common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). They are related to abnormalities in vitamin D metabolism, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)/Klotho that occur with CKD. Impaired vitamin D metabolism and abnormal levels of calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and FGF23/Klotho drive bone and vascular changes in CKD. It is unclear if oral calcitriol safely mitigates fracture risk without increasing the burden of calcifications. Therefore, we investigated whether treatment with calcitriol affected the prevalence of fractures and VC progression in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This report is a secondary analysis of the Vitamin K Italian (VIKI) study, a cross-sectional study involving 387 HD patients. We assessed vitamin 25(OH)D, alkaline phosphatase, PTH, calcium, phosphate, osteocalcin or bone Gla protein, matrix Gla protein, and vitamin K levels. Vertebral fractures (VFs) and VCs were determined by spine radiograph. A reduction of &gt;20% of vertebral body height was considered a VF. VCs were quantified by the length of calcific lesions along the arteries. The patients treated with oral calcitriol were 177 of 387 patients (45.7%). The prevalence of VF was lower in patients receiving oral calcitriol than in those untreated (48.6% versus 61.0%, p = 0.015), whereas the presence of aortic and iliac calcifications was similar (aortic: 81.9% versus 79.5%, respectively, p = 0.552; iliac: 52.0% and 59.5%, respectively, p = 0.167). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, oral calcitriol was associated with a 40.2% reduced odds of fracture (OR 0.598; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.363–0.985; p = 0.043). In conclusion, we found a significant association between oral calcitriol and lower VF in HD patients without an increase in the burden of VC. Further prospective and interventional studies are needed to confirm these findings. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Abstract
Calcitriol and vertebral fractures in hemodialysis patients.
Fabrication of a novel polyaniline/green‐synthesized, silver‐nanoparticle‐modified carbon paste electrode for electrochemical sensing of lead ions
Authors: Ganash Aisha A. , Alghamdi Reem A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGreen bioreduction silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were fabricated from dry Artemisia leaf extracts and used as a modified layer of an AgNP–polyaniline (PANI)–carbon paste electrode (CPE). PANI was synthesized using interfacial polymerization, and the fabricated PANI was mixed with a CPE. PANI was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whereas AgNPs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis, ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR), and polydispersity index (PDI) measurements. The fabricated electrode was used for the electrochemical detection of Pb2+ ions in acetate buffer solution at pH 5.5 using square‐wave voltammetry (SWV). The AgNP/PANI‐CPE electrode provided a linear response to Pb2+ ions in the concentration range of 0.1–120 μM with a detection limit of 0.04 μM. The AgNP/PANI‐CPE electrode exhibited excellent selectivity, reproducibility, and stability in addition to providing good recovery percentages in waste and tap water samples.
The value of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound for the diagnosis of metastatic cervical lymph nodes of papillary thyroid carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Qiao‐Li , Ma Ting , Wang Zi‐Jing , Huang Lei , Liu Wen , Chen Ming , Sang Tian , Ren Xue‐Gang , Tong Jin , Cao Chun‐Li , Dong Jian , Li Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo investigate the diagnostic efficiency of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the diagnosis of cervical lymph nodes metastasis (CLNM) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), eight available datasets of seven qualified articles before March 31, 2021 were included after a comprehensive search. Meta‐analysis results showed that CEUS demonstrated acceptable diagnostic performance in the diagnosis of CLNM of PTC. Furthermore, meta‐regression analysis was conducted to identify the reasons for heterogeneity and the results indicated that the criteria of CEUS for the diagnosis of CLNM in PTC need to be unified.
Cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase deficiency: Expanding the clinical phenotype and novel laboratory findings
Authors: Vieira Päivi , Nagy Irina I. , Rahikkala Elisa , Väisänen Marja‐Leena , Latva Katariina , Kaunisto Kari , Valmari Pekka , Keski‐Filppula Riikka , Haanpää Maria K. , Sidoroff Virpi , Miettinen Päivi J. , Arkkola Tuula , Ojaniemi Marja , Nuutinen Matti , Uusimaa Johanna , Myllynen Päivi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK‐C) deficiency due to the homozygous PCK1 variant has recently been associated with childhood‐onset hypoglycemia with a recognizable pattern of abnormal urine organic acids. In this study, 21 children and 3 adult patients with genetically confirmed PEPCK‐C deficiency were diagnosed during the years 2016 to 2019 and the available biochemical and clinical data were collected. All patients were ethnic Finns. Most patients (22 out of 24) had a previously published homozygous PCK1 variant c.925G>A. Two patients had a novel compound heterozygous PCK1 variant c.925G>A and c.716C>T. The laboratory results showed abnormal urine organic acid profile with increased tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and inadequate ketone body production during hypoglycemia. The hypoglycemic episodes manifested predominantly in the morning. Infections, fasting or poor food intake, heavy exercise, alcohol consumption, and breastfeeding were identified as triggering factors. Five patients presented with neonatal hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemic seizures occurred in half of the patients (12 out of 24). The first hypoglycemic episode often occurred at the age of 1‐2 years, but it sometimes presented at a later age, and could re‐occur during school age or adulthood. This study adds to the laboratory data on PEPCK‐C deficiency, confirming the recognizable urine organic acid pattern and identifying deficient ketogenesis as a novel laboratory finding. The phenotype is expanded suggesting that the risk of hypoglycemia may continue into adulthood if predisposing factors are present.
Brain MRI in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Narrative Review and Recent Advances
Authors: Rafiee Faranak , Rezvani Habibabadi Roya , Motaghi Mina , Yousem David M. , Yousem Ilyssa J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is neuropsychiatric continuum of disorders characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and restricted repetitive patterns of behavior which impede optimal functioning. Early detection and intervention in ASD children can mitigate the deficits in social interaction and result in a better outcome. Various non‐invasive imaging methods and molecular techniques have been developed for the early identification of ASD characteristics. There is no general consensus on specific neuroimaging features of autism; however, quantitative magnetic resonance techniques have provided valuable structural and functional information in understanding the neuropathophysiology of ASD and how the autistic brain changes during childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. In this review of decades of ASD neuroimaging research, we identify the structural, functional, and molecular imaging clues that most accurately point to the diagnosis of ASD vs. typically developing children. These studies highlight the 1) exaggerated synaptic pruning, 2) anomalous gyrification, 3) interhemispheric under‐ and overconnectivity, and 4) excitatory glutamate and inhibitory GABA imbalance theories of ASD. The application of these various theories to the analysis of a patient with ASD is mitigated often by superimposed comorbid neuropsychological disorders, evolving brain maturation processes, and pharmacologic and behavioral interventions that may affect the structure and function of the brain.Level of Evidence4Technical EfficacyStage 3
Zero‐fluoroscopy ablation for cardiac arrhythmias: A single‐center experience in Japan
Authors: Kawakami Tohru , Saito Naoki , Yamamoto Kei , Wada Shinya , Itakura Daisuke , Momma Itaru , Kimura Takahiro , Sasaki Hojo , Ando Tomo , Takahashi Hideo , Fukutomi Motoki , Hatori Kei , Onishi Takayuki , Fukunaga Hiroshi , Tobaru Tetsuya 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundExposure to radiation during catheter ablation procedures poses a risk to the heath of both the patient and electrophysiology laboratory staff. Recently, the feasibility and effectiveness of zero‐fluoroscopy ablation have been reported. However, studies on the outcomes of zero‐fluoroscopy ablation in Japan remain limited. This study investigated the outcomes of zero‐fluoroscopy ablation for cardiac arrhythmias at a Japanese institute.Methods and ResultsWe present a retrospective analysis of the safety, efficacy, and feasibility data from 221 consecutive patients who underwent zero‐fluoroscopy ablation. Of these patients, 181 had atrial fibrillation, 17 had paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 13 had atrial tachycardia, 6 had ventricular tachycardia, and 4 had ventricular premature contractions. We performed zero‐fluoroscopy ablation using three‐dimensional electro‐anatomical mapping systems and intracardiac echocardiography imaging. Ultrasound‐guided sheath insertion was performed on all cases. Our experience includes exclusively endocardial cardiac ablations. The mean follow‐up was 24 months. The recurrence rates were 25.4% for atrial fibrillation, 5.9% for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, 15.4% for atrial tachycardia, 33.3% for ventricular tachycardia, and 25% for ventricular premature contraction. Complications occurred in two patients (0.9%), and there was no occurrence of death. A fluoroscopic guide was used in three cases for the confirmation of vascular access (one case) and for complications (two cases).ConclusionsZero‐fluoroscopy ablation was routinely performed without compromising on safety and efficacy. This approach may eliminate the exposure to radiation for all individuals involved in this procedure.
Understanding the Perceived Benefits of Nature for Creativity
Authors: Ratcliffe Eleanor , Gatersleben Birgitta , Sowden Paul T. , Korpela Kalevi M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExperience of nature is widely linked to well‐being, including psychological restoration. Benefits to creativity have been explored in a limited number of studies which refer to theories of restorative environments as frameworks, but it is unclear which aspects of the environment and person–nature transactions are implicated in these processes. In this study, N = 20 members of the British public were interviewed regarding the relevance of natural environments for their personal and professional creative activities. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts revealed that cognitive, affective, and aesthetic appraisals were reported as directly relevant to creativity in nature, while environmental properties, sensory experiences, and the self were reported as informing these appraisals. Similarities to theories of restorative environments were observed in terms of the relevance of affect, cognition, and aesthetics. However, divergences also occurred, especially with regard to perceptions of arousal as beneficial for creativity, the importance of change in the environment, and the relevance of the self. Studies and theoretical modeling of relationships between nature and creativity should include these concepts, as well as those from theories of restorative environments.