bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic, anatomical and phytochemical investigation of Iraqi Silybum marianum
Authors: Eldalawy Rasha , Al-Ani Widad M K , Abdul Kareem Wasan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAsteraceae (Compositae) famous as the aster, daisy or sunflower family is the biggest flowering family divided into thirteen subfamily that involve approximately two thousand genus, an important member of this family isSilybum marianum(Milk thistle). Management of hepatic diseases is the main use of milk thistle in traditional medicine also it has anticancer activity against different type of cancer in addition to antiviral, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anti-diabetic activity. This study was designed to investigate the pharmacognostical feature and the phytochemical ingredient of IraqiSilybum marianum. The plant were examined macroscopically to investigate the morphological characters of plant and microscopically to determine the type of stomata and trachoma then flowers, leaves, stems and seeds of the plant were extracted by ethanol in a soxhlet apparatus individually and subjected to standard methods for active constituents identification and that total flaononid, total phenolic and total tannins content were determined using aluminum chloride colorimetric, folin-ciocaltue and acidified vanillin methods respectively. The results shows thatSilybum marianumleave have a thick cell wall, anomocytic stomata, annual vessel, and unicellular unbranched trichomas. Also an important active constituents have been detected that terpenes, steroid and flavonoids were present in all plant parts, saponin appear only in the leaves and stems while alkaloids and coumarins are not detected in any part. Also the study referred to the seeds as the richest part of the plant with flavonoid and phenolic compounds followed by the flowers, leaves and stems which contain the less amount, while the higher content of tannin were observed in the leaves and stems..
Effect of Chloroquine on antioxidant enzymes and oxidative system on (Vigna radiata) plant tissues exposed to water stress
Authors: Hussain Al-Mentafji Hayder Nasser 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of (Chloroquine CQ) on the oxidative stress under water stress effect Recently, this compound is used to treat COVID-19, Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 effect and Stimulate the enzymatic system through the exposure of the plant to water stress and interaction with Chloroquine, where the stress stimulate the production of these Oxidative Factors (Hydrogen Peroxide, Malondialdehyde(MDA), Protease increase the production of these oxidative factors increase activity through the effect of Chloroquine, This process was performed in the meristematic tissues of the cells of the permanent Mung bean (Vigna radiata) plants under experimental factors (water stress factor for 10 days with control period of 5 days) (Chloroquine factors and concentrations of 125 and 250 mg.L-1 with control treatment) were designed using a Factorial Randomized Block Design (R.B.C.D) with three replicates and 18 experimental units The experimental unit area was 2 m. The results have shown the following; The water stress period of 10 days led to the production of toxic hydrogen peroxide and increased concentration by stress. The effect of water stress was Stimulate the Production of hydrogen peroxide in Meristematic tissues. The effect of Chloroquine CQ with increased concentrations had a role in inhibiting the production of enzymatic antioxidants (Superoxide dismutase(SOD) and Catalase (CAT). The interaction between water stress and increased Chloroquine CQ concentrations has been instrumental in stimulating the production of oxidative Factors.
Morphological characterization and its relation with yield traits of Oryza sativa L. genotypes in Iraq
Authors: Al-Musawi Balqees Hadi , Al-Anbari Mohammed A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the current study we reported for agronomic traits and yield of fifteen rice genotypes in season during 2018 and investigated at the field experimental of Al-Mashkab research station (AMRR), Najaf-Iraq. The experiment was conducted following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with having three replications. These data related days to 50% flowering and heading, plant height (cm), leaf area index (LAI), panicle length (cm), number of tiller per panicle, 1000 grain weight (g) and biological yield, harvest index and grain yield (kg ha-1) were evaluated. The results indicated that the rice genotypes differed in plant growth characteristics and yield and yield components. 1000 grain weight and grain yields both were highest in Gohar genotype. Shiroudi genotype required shorter days to maturity and Anber33 longest days to maturity. Some of the rice genotypes particularly (Gohar) showed high promise with grain yield. Recommended, intensification of introducing more genotypes to select the best rice genotype for Iraqi condition could maximize the benefits of genotype cultivation. Agronomic data collected in the current study would be significant to realize the suitability of an individual rice genotypes of the farmer field, also were found more appropriate of the agro climatic status of Iraq.
Use of ultraviolet-light mutagenesis to generate a mutant with elevated cadmium resistance, B. agri C15 CdR
Authors: Jebril Nadia , Boden Rich , Braungardt Charlotte 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to living organisms; however, bacteria are adaptable to severe conditions, including Cd contamination. Bacteria can develop in the natural environment, as they generate resistant strains that can be used to remove Cd, but getting such adaptive strains usually takes a long time. In this study, ultraviolet (UV) light mutagenesis was used to accelerate the strain-resistant ability of Brevibacillus agri C15 to generate CdR mutant with high resistance to Cd. Its maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) to Cd was 15.00 mM. The UV light mutagenesis process resulted in the generation of the mutant B. agri C15 CdR (MTC: 20.00 mM Cd). Morphological and biochemical tests showed that there were no major differences between B. agri C15 CdR and B. agri C15. This study provides a basis for developing microbial Cd resistance and facilitating the application of Cd remediation.
Morphological study of bronchial tree and lung in Iraqi weasel (Herpestes javanicus)
Authors: Mutlak Baydaa H. , Al-Jawadi Ahmed A. , Mnati Intidhar M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The current study aimed to identify the morphological description and branches of the bronchial tree and lung for the weasel Herpestes javanicus as one of the Iraqi mammals inhabiting the Iraqi environment. In the current study, 10 samples with an mean weight of 288-564 g were used, trachea and lung were removed from the samples and confirmed using proven solutions and laboratory tests were conducted on 5 samples of the study to identify the branches of the bronchial tree using the technique of casting resin and then exposing the samples to erosion. Weasel has a pair of bright pink sponge lungs that occupy most of the thoracic cavity. The lungs look similar to the clover leaf have a top and three surfaces represented by the costal surface that is convex, and the middle surface, characterized by a narrow and diaphragm surface and is identical to the diaphragm. The right lung is larger than the left lung and the right lung consists of four lobes: apical, middle, caudal and an accessory lobe, while the left lung consists of three lobes: apical, middle, caudal lobes the top of the right lung appeared small and semi-sharp, while the left lung is round and blind. The right primary trachea branched into two branches, the upper branch enters into the apical lobe and branches in turn into two secondary branches, while the lower branched into three branches, the first of which enters into the middle lobe and the second to the middle lobe, the third branch into two branches enter the accessory lobes, while the primary left trachea branch into three secondary or lobe branches before entering the left lung branch, where the first branch enters into apical lobe when the second enters the middle lobe while the third section enters the caudal lobe.
Laboratory evaluation of two isolates of Meterhizium anisopliae and Beauvaria bassiana to control infesting by Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) larvae
Authors: Mehdi Nawal S. , Al-Fadili Aymen W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Trogoderma granarium Everts (Khapra beetle) is a serious pest of stored barley and wheat worldwide. The current research evaluates the efficacy of local isolates of Meterhizium anisopliae and Beauvaria bassiana compared to an imported isolates when khapra larvae sprayed with concentration of later isolates under laboratory condition, mortalities were recorded for more than two weeks after treatment. Results demonstrated that the larvae were more susceptible to the local isolates of the two fungi than the imported isolates. Cumulative mortalities were 86.67 and 50 when larvae sprayed with 109 conidia/ml of local and imported isolates of M. anisopliae respectively, and 86.67 and 66.67 when larvae sprayed with 109 conidia/ml of laocal and imported isolates of B. bassiana respectively after two weeks. The findings of the current study clearly showed that the local isolates caused higher mortalities than the imported one so they may be used as a good candidates for pragmas of integrated pest management of stored grain pests.
Diversity of Mollusca in some sites of Euphrates River
Authors: Merza Feryal Ameen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This investigation of molluscs was carried out at some sites on the river of the Euphrates. Samples of molluscs were collected monthly from June 2019 to November 2019. Fourteen species were investigated which belonged to two Classes: Bivalvia (three species) and Gastropoda (eleven species). The species Corbicula fluminalis, Pisidium dubium, Melanoides tuberculata, Physa acuta, Gyraulus convexiusculus, and Gyraulus intermixtus seemed in all sites. According to the index of Shanon-Weiner, species diversity ranged from 0.5 to 2.5 bits/individual. Index of Jaccard’s similarity showed that the highest similarity was recorded between site one and site two with 60 %.
Anatomical study of the Carissa macrocarpa (Apocynaceae family) in Iraq
Authors: Khalaf Feryal K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the anatomical aspects of Carissa macrocarpa, of stem, leaf and leaf venation. The results obtaind showed that the tissue of the studied parts have important anatomical characteristics in terms of the shape of the cross-sectional of stem and vertical-sectional of leaves. The stem section appeared in circular and the midrib was crescent shape and the stomata appeared on the upper surface of the leaf only, Tetracytic in type. Druses crystals and Aleurone granules appeared on both surfaces of leaves. The venation type was Brochidodromous in which the secondary veins do not end at the edge of the leaf, and each secondary race is connected with the higher race and linked together with a series of prominent arches.
Purification and Determination of The Arginase Enzyme Activity from Kidney Patients
Authors: Al-Samarrai Nuha Ali Hadi , Salih Nadia Ahmed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The current study measuring the effectiveness and purification of the enzyme (arginase) in the serum of kidney diseases samples were collected from Samarra General Hospital from October to December 2019, 60 samples were collected from the infected and 25 samples from he healthy people control group of ages 30-55 years, the effectiveness of the control group was 6.87 ± 2.95, and the patient group was 25.71 ± 8.39., the purification process was carried out using Sephadex G-200 and EDEA cellulose - using a column of separation with dimensions (32 x 1.5nm), the molecular weight of the enzyme was 245 kDa. The study included measuring the level of urea 83.7 ± 23.4mg/dl, Creatinine 2.85 ± 1.19 mg/dl, Total protein 3.8 ± 0.6 mg/dl, Albumin 4.120 ± 0.02 mg/dl, Uric acid 5.19 ± 1.52 mg/dl and Globulin was 1.29 ± 0.01 mg/dl. at P≤0.01.
Assessment The Suitable of The Groundwater for Civil uses in Kakhirta Village, Al-Ayadiyah Subdistrict, Iraq
Authors: Al-Mashhadany Mohammed Hazim Sabry 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The current research describes the application of the water quality index (WQI) based on the collection of 50 samples of water sample for 10 wells for five months in the village of Kakhirta in Al-Ayadiyah subdistrict, northwest of Nineveh Governorate. The model was applied using 13 parameters (pH, TDS (total dissolved salts), DO (dissolved oxygen), T.A (Total Alkaline), Cl, Ca, Na, Mg, K, PO4, SO4, TPC (Total Plate Count), and F. Colif. (Faecal coliform) depending on the results obtained from the model. The groundwater quality ranged between (218 - 765), which indicates deterioration in water quality due to the high numbers of bacteria TPC and F. Colif., as well as the high total alkaline T.A and hypoxia in the water more the recommended limits for drinking water.
Biochemical Aspect, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Melaleuca and Syzygium Species (Myrtaceae) Grown in Egypt
Authors: M. Khalaf Omar , Abdel-Aziz Mohamed S. , El-Hagrassi Ali M. , Osman Abeer F. , Ghareeb Mosad A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe objective of the present work was to establish the antimicrobial activity of four species of Melaleuca (i.e. Melaleuca leucandron, Melaleuca armillaris, Melaleuca linarifolia, & Melaleuca ericifolia) methanolic extracts and five species of Syzygium (i.e., Syzygium samaragense, Syzygium jambos, Syzygium gratum, Syzygium paniculatum & Syzygium malaccense). To research the chemical composition of the most promising extracts, as well. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against four pathogenic microbial strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger, the antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), while the chemical composition was calculated by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometry method (GC/MS). For the genus of Melaleuca, S. After therapy, aureus pathogens were inhibited with their methanolic extracts with an 8.0-20.0 mm range of inhibition zones, E. Coli with a 0.0-21.0 mm inhibition zone size, C. Albicans with an inhibition zone size of 9.0-18.0 mm, and A. Niger with an inhibition zone scale of 0.0-15.0 mm. Whereas, for the genus Syzygium, S. After treatment with their methanolic extracts, aureus pathogens were inhibited with a 10.0-20.0 mm range of inhibition zones, E. Coli, with an inhibition zone size of 0.0-14.0 mm, C. Albicans with an inhibition zone size of 0.0-21.0 mm, and A. Niger with a range of inhibition zones of 0.0-9.0 mm. The IC50 values in the DPPH assay ranged from 34.60 to 60.97μg/ml for the species Melaleuca. The IC50 values for the Syzygium species ranged from 29.81 to 52.95μg/ml compared to 7.35μg/ml for the normal ascorbic acid. GC/MS research showed that Syzygium gratum’s methanolic extract consists of 39 compounds comprising 99.08 percent, with Veridiflorol (7.16 percent) and 2-methyl, 3-Hexanone being the main compounds (5.74 percent ). While Melaleuca armillaris’ methanolic extract consists of 30 compounds comprising 97.66%, with Veridiflorol (18.36%) and Globulolol compounds being the key compounds (12.57 percent ).
Evaluation of Ceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity and lipid profiles in patients with Valvular heart diseases
Authors: Sacheat H K , Husseinand S Z , Al-Mudhaffar S S 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOne of the major health problems causing defects or damage to one or more of the four heart valves [aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid] is valvular heart disease [VHD]; it occurs due to congenital abnormalities or acquired pathology. It is a defect that results in weak heart valves and is therefore unable to function as precise pathways of the blood. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the ferroxidase activity of ceruloplasmin (Cp) and the lipid profile of valvular heart disease patients in sera. Ninety subjects were included in this study and 60 patients with HDV were divided into two subgroups according to the affected valve: 33 patients with aortic valve disease (AV) and 27 patients with mitral valve disease (MV group). In addition, 30 healthy individuals were registered in all groups as control(C) group Serum copper (Cu), total protein (TP), activity and specific activity of ferroxidase Cp, and lipid profile were measured. The results showed that there was a highly significant increase in patient (AV & MV) groups compared to the C group in activity, specific Cp and Cu activity levels. In addition, compared to the C group, triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels showed a highly significant increase in the AV and MV groups. No significant differences were found between patients and control groups in TP, Total Cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) & High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Likewise, for all parameters, there were no significant differences between the AV and MV groups. In conclusion, the high serum level of Cu and the activity of Cp ferroxidase may be considered to be a risk factor for VHD.
Conductometric Study of Proline-Mn (II) Complex in Some Solvents at Various Temperatures, with Computational Factors Calculation
Authors: Al-Healy Fanar M , Abdulrahman Shayma H , Mahmoud Anfal R 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe equivalent conductivities of proline in water, methanol were studied in the temperature range of 288.15 to 313.15 K at 5 K intervals, in mixtures of methanol and water at percentages of 10 %, 20%, 30%, 40% and, 50% of methanol at 37°C. The experimental data were treated by the Lee-Wheaton conductivity equation of unsymmetrical electrolytes (1:2) (1 molecule of metal with 2 molecules of ligand) derived to calculate the conductivity parameters, equivalent conductance at infinite dilution Λₒ, ionic conductivity, association constant Ka and the main distance between ions in solution( R) at best fit values of (6Λ). Thermodynamic quantities for the ion-association reaction ΔG°, Δङ° and ΔS°) have been also measured. The results of the analysis showed that the ions of the complex can be separated by solvent molecules (SSIP). The values of Ka, Λ° and R were found to be different from one solvent to another depending on the interactions in the solution. Furthermore, the chemical structure of the Proline-Mn complex was optimized by using of Gaussian interface version 16.0 program of chem3D to optimiz the features of complex molecule. The suggested statistical model possesses only two parameters with excellent values of the square regression coefficient (r2) and cross-validation (q2) are equal to 0.999 and 0.994, respectively, which refers to the perfect relationship between Ka value and the physical properties of the solvent.
Metal Complexes of Multidentate N2S2 Heterocyclic Schiff-base Ligands;Formation, Structural Characterisation and Biological Activity
Authors: Al-Rubaye Baidaa K , Al-Jeboori Mohamad J. , Potgieter Herman 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The synthesis of ligands with N2S2 donor sets that include imine, an amide, thioether, thiolate moieties and their metal complexes were achieved. The new Schiff-base ligands; N-(2-((2,4-diphenyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)amino)ethyl)-2-((2-mercaptoethyl)thio)-acetamide (H2L1) and N-(2-((2,4-di-p-tolyl-3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-ylidene)amino)ethyl)-2-((2-mercaptoethyl)thio) acetamide (H2L2) were obtained from the reaction of amine precursors with 1,4-dithian-2-one in the presence of triethylamine as a base in the CHCl3 medium. Complexes of the general formula K2[M(Ln)Cl2], (where: M = Mn (II), Co(II) and Ni(II)) and [M(Ln)], (where: M = Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II); n =1-2, expect [Cu(HL2)Cl]) were isolated. The entity of ligands and complexes including their purity were confirmed using elemental microanalysis (C.H.N.S), atomic absorption (A.A), chloride content, conductivity measurement’s, melting point and thermal analysis technique. The molecular structures were elucidated with FT-IR, UV-Vis, magnetic susceptibility, 1H-and 13C-NMR and mass spectroscopy. The synthesised compounds were evaluated for their activity against bacterial strains (G+ and G-) and fungi species. The tested compounds indicated that; the ligands have not shown any antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. The Cd(II) complexes, for ligands H2L1 and H2L2, display the higher antimicrobial activity, compared with the other complexes. The H2L1 and H2L2 have not shown any activity against Candida albicans. All complexes for ligands (H2L1 and H2L2) exhibited less activity against Candida albicans, compared with other types of fungi.
A Parallel Adaptive Genetic Algorithm for Job Shop Scheduling Problem
Authors: Abdullah Wathiq N. , Alagha Salwa A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In order to enhance the production efficiency, scheduling problem of job-shop has used that thought of complex problem with complicated constraints and structure. This problem is characterized as NP-hard. In most cases, the excessive complexity of the problem makes it difficult to discover the best solution within affordable time. Hence, searching for estimated solutions in polynomial time rather than precise solutions at excessive cost is favored for challenging situations of the problem. In this paper, a parallel genetic algorithm with proposed adaptive genetic operators and migration operation is applied for job-shop scheduling problem. Through tests on numerous different experimental cases, the adaptive operator of genetic algorithm and the parallelism strategy are considerably improving the results effectively while decreasing the computation time. Also, the migration operation gives a greater effect on the performance of the algorithms.
Personal identification system based on multi biometric depending on cuckoo search algorithm
Authors: Younis Ansam Nazar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In modern devices, many personal identification systems are used using various biometrics to confirm the identity of an individual and identify him for several purposes. Some of these essential biometrics are used in this paper to help identify a person while attaining social distance because of the widespread epidemics. The features of the face, eyes, nose, and finally, the features of the mouth are used in this article. The work begins by detecting the parts of multibiometric from the input images using Viola-Jones face detection algorithm with a modification to it then segment them. After that, various initial treatment processes begin which helps clarify them to facilitate subsequent operations. Also, a Histogram of oriented gradient method(HOG) is used to extract the significant features of those image segments. The extracted features from these segments are entered into the developed cuckoo search algorithm(DCSA), the best image segment within the used dataset is searched for similar in terms of characteristics to the entered image segment. The work has also been developed so that the system is executed on two cores using parallel processing technology to utilize the processor as much as possible and reduce the time it takes to implement the system and identify the person concerned. A high identification rate has been reached, reaching 99.25%, and overall speed up 1.40323 sec relative to serial execution.