bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Atrial Fibrillation on Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation in Patients With HeartMate 3
Authors: Hayashi Hideyuki , Naka Yoshifumi , Sanchez Joseph , Takayama Hiroo , Kurlansky Paul , Ning Yuming , Topkara Veli K. , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Colombo Paolo C. , Sayer Gabriel T. , Uriel Nir , Takeda Koji 
Published: January 2021

Background
Functional tricuspid regurgitation (TR) can occur secondary to atrial fibrillation (AF). The impact of AF on functional TR and cardiovascular events is uncertain in patients with left ventricular assist devices. This study aimed to investigate the effect of AF on functional TR and cardiovascular events in patients with a HeartMate 3 left ventricular assist device.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively reviewed 133 patients who underwent HeartMate 3 implantation at our center between November 2014 and November 2018. We excluded patients who had undergone previous or concomitant tricuspid valve procedures and those whose echocardiographic images were of insufficient quality. The primary end point was death and the presence of a cardiovascular event at 1 year. We defined cardiovascular event as a composite of death, stroke, and hospital readmission due to recurrent heart failure and significant residual TR as vena contracta width ≥3 mm. In total, 110 patients were included in this analysis. Patients were divided into 3 groups: no AF (n=51), paroxysmal AF (n=40), and persistent AF (PeAF) (n=19). Kaplan‐Meier analysis showed that patients with PeAF had the worst survival (no AF 98%, paroxysmal AF 98%, PeAF 84%, log‐rank
P
=0.038) and event‐free rate (no AF 93%, paroxysmal AF 89%, PeAF 72%, log‐rank
P
=0.048) at 1 year. Thirty‐one (28%) patients had residual TR 1 month after left ventricular assist device implantation. Patients with residual TR had a significantly poor prognosis compared with those without residual TR (log‐rank
P
=0.014).

Conclusions
PeAF was associated with increased mortality, cardiovascular events, and residual TR compared with no AF and paroxysmal AF.
Systematic Theology and Biblical Theology—Part Two
Authors: Allen Michael 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In many times and various ways, some significant Reformed theologians have claimed that biblical theology must be coordinated with or contribute to the task of systematic theology. In these last days, they have even suggested that biblical theology should fill the place of systematic theology. Part One described the way in which Geerhardus Vos, John Murray, and Richard Gaffin have addressed the role of biblical theology in relation to systematic theology and analyzed their arguments. This essay will offer counterproposals regarding the origin, mainstreaming, and end of biblical theology (and theological interpretation of scripture) as exegetical therapies meant to serve the functioning of dogmatics and exegesis.
Eschatology and the Munus Triplex
Authors: Liston Gregory John 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The traditional Reformed understanding of Jesus Christ as prophet, priest, and king, and of Christian participation in this munus triplex, can be refined, complemented, and extended through viewing this theologumenon eschatologically. Applying the methodology of Third Article Theology to the doctrine of eschatology enables the full breadth of Christ’s pneumatological interaction with humanity to be explored. Recent attempts to partially employ the munus triplex in the service of eschatology reveal considerable advances with regards to Christ’s prophetic and priestly offices. These efforts are categorized and then extended with a constructive discussion of Christ’s kingly eschatological office, which reveals how through the Spirit the kingdom realities that define our future are drawn back to become (in part) characteristics of our present ecclesial existence.
The Role of International Tribunals in the Development of Historical Narratives
Authors: Hirsch Moshe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCollective memories are significant for both individuals and societies, as they play an important role in the construction of collective identities. This article focuses on the role of non-criminal international tribunals in the development of collective memories, asking whether it is desirable for such international tribunals to be involved in the construction of historical narratives. International tribunals have not adopted a consistent approach concerning the presentation of a case’s historical background in their judgments. The question of whether it is desirable for non-criminal tribunals to assume an active role in this sphere is analysed using three major sociological perspectives: the structural-functional approach, the symbolic-interactionist perspective, and the social conflict approach. The discussion regarding each theoretical approach is accompanied by illustrative examples from the case law of international tribunals. The conclusions drawn from this analysis integrate certain elements from each theoretical approach; but primarily draw on recommendations associated with the symbolic-interactionist perspective, and to a lesser extent on some recommendations associated with the social-conflict approach.
The Political Economy of Guanxi Networking in Thai-Chinese Enterprises: An Empirical Research
Authors: Tai Wan-Ping 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The value attached to the concept of guanxi (關係) by Chinese enterprises in Southeast Asia can be observed in their business culture. Previous scholars have attributed the success of Chinese enterprises in Southeast Asia to “guanxi networks.” The author’s observations on Thai enterprises made over a 5-year period are here used to validate their research findings. In conclusion, the author classifies Thailand as a market economy where business activities are conducted based on the value of guanxi and economic strategies.
On the Role of the Antarctic Slope Front on the Occurrence of the Weddell Sea Polynya under Climate Change
Authors: Lockwood Joseph W. , Dufour Carolina O. , Griffies Stephen M. , Winton Michael 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the occurrence of the Weddell Sea polynya under an idealized climate change scenario by evaluating simulations from climate models of different ocean resolutions. The GFDL-CM2.6 climate model, with roughly 3.8-km horizontal ocean grid spacing in the high latitudes, forms a Weddell Sea polynya at similar time and duration under idealized climate change forcing as under preindustrial forcing. In contrast, all convective models forming phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) show either a cessation or a slowdown of Weddell Sea polynya events under climate warming. The representation of the Antarctic Slope Current and related Antarctic Slope Front is found to be key in explaining the differences between the two categories of models, with these features being more realistic in CM2.6 than in CMIP5. In CM2.6, the freshwater input driven by sea ice melt and enhanced runoff found under climate warming largely remains on the shelf region since the slope front restricts the lateral spread of the freshwater. In contrast, for most CMIP5 models, open-ocean stratification is enhanced by freshening since the absence of a slope front allows coastal freshwater anomalies to spread into the open ocean. This enhanced freshening contributes to the slowdown the occurrence of Weddell Sea polynyas. Hence, an improved representation of Weddell Sea shelf processes in current climate models is desirable to increase our ability to predict the fate of the Weddell Sea polynyas under climate change.
Improving Australian Rainfall Prediction Using Sea Surface Salinity
Authors: Rathore Saurabh , Bindoff Nathaniel L. , Ummenhofer Caroline C. , Phillips Helen E. , Feng Ming , Mishra Mayank 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study uses sea surface salinity (SSS) as an additional precursor for improving the prediction of summer [December–February (DJF)] rainfall over northeastern Australia. From a singular value decomposition between SSS of prior seasons and DJF rainfall, we note that SSS of the Indo-Pacific warm pool region [SSSP (150°E–165°W and 10°S–10°N) and SSSI (50°–95°E and 10°S–10°N)] covaries with Australian rainfall, particularly in the northeast region. Composite analysis that is based on high or low SSS events in the SSSP and SSSI regions is performed to understand the physical links between the SSS and the atmospheric moisture originating from the regions of anomalously high or low, respectively, SSS and precipitation over Australia. The composites show the signature of co-occurring La Niña and negative Indian Ocean dipole with anomalously wet conditions over Australia and conversely show the signature of co-occurring El Niño and positive Indian Ocean dipole with anomalously dry conditions there. During the high SSS events of the SSSP and SSSI regions, the convergence of incoming moisture flux results in anomalously wet conditions over Australia with a positive soil moisture anomaly. Conversely, during the low SSS events of the SSSP and SSSI regions, the divergence of incoming moisture flux results in anomalously dry conditions over Australia with a negative soil moisture anomaly. We show from the random-forest regression analysis that the local soil moisture, El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and SSSP are the most important precursors for the northeast Australian rainfall whereas for the Brisbane region ENSO, SSSP, and the Indian Ocean dipole are the most important. The prediction of Australian rainfall using random-forest regression shows an improvement by including SSS from the prior season. This evidence suggests that sustained observations of SSS can improve the monitoring of the Australian regional hydrological cycle.
Home spirometry in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: data from the INMARK trial
Authors: Noth Imre , Cottin Vincent , Chaudhuri Nazia , Corte Tamera J. , Johannson Kerri A. , Wijsenbeek Marlies , Jouneau Stephane , Michael Andreas , Quaresma Manuel , Rohr Klaus B. , Russell Anne-Marie , Stowasser Susanne , Maher Toby M. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundData from the INMARK trial were used to investigate the feasibility and validity of home spirometry as a measure of lung function decline in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).MethodsSubjects with IPF and preserved forced vital capacity (FVC) were randomised to receive nintedanib or placebo for 12 weeks followed by open-label nintedanib for 40 weeks. Clinic spirometry was conducted at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36 and 52. Subjects were asked to perform home spirometry at least once a week and ideally daily. Correlations between home- and clinic-measured FVC and rates of change in FVC were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients.ResultsIn total, 346 subjects were treated. Mean adherence to weekly home spirometry decreased over time but remained above 75% in every 4-week period. Over 52 weeks, mean adherence was 86%. Variability in change from baseline in FVC was greater when measured by home rather than clinic spirometry. Strong correlations were observed between home- and clinic-measured FVC at all time-points (r=0.72–0.84), but correlations between home- and clinic-measured rates of change in FVC were weak (r=0.26 for rate of decline in FVC over 52 weeks).ConclusionHome spirometry was a feasible and valid measure of lung function in patients with IPF and preserved FVC, but estimates of the rate of FVC decline obtained using home spirometry were poorly correlated with those based on clinic spirometry.
A real-life comparative effectiveness study into the addition of antibiotics to the management of asthma exacerbations in primary care
Authors: Murray Clare S. , Lucas Sarah J. , Blakey John , Kaplan Alan , Papi Alberto , Paton James , Phipatanakul Wanda , Price David , Teoh Oon Hoe , Thomas Mike , Turner Steve , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundAsthma exacerbations are major contributors to asthma morbidity and mortality. They are usually managed with bronchodilators and oral corticosteroids (OCS), but clinical trial evidence suggests that antibiotics could be beneficial. We aimed to assess whether treatment of asthma exacerbations with antibiotics in addition to OCS improved outcomes in larger, more representative routine-care populations.MethodA retrospective comparative effectiveness study into managing asthma exacerbations with OCS aloneversusOCS plus antibiotics was conducted using the Optimum Patient Care Research Database. The dataset included 28 637 patients; following propensity score matching 20 024 adults and 4184 children were analysed.ResultsAntibiotics in addition to OCS were prescribed for the treatment of asthma exacerbations in 45% of adults and 32% of children. Compared to OCS alone, OCS plus antibiotics was associated with reduced risk of having an asthma/wheeze consultation in the following 2 weeks (children hazard ratio (HR) 0.84 (95% CI 0.73–0.96), p=0.012; adults HR 0.86 (95% CI 0.81–0.91), p<0.001), but an increase in risk of a further OCS prescription for a new/ongoing exacerbation within 6 weeks in adults (HR 1.11 (95% CI 1.01–1.21), p=0.030), but not children. Penicillins, but not macrolides, were associated with a reduction in the odds of a subsequent asthma/wheeze consultation compared to OCS alone, in both adults and children.ConclusionAntibiotics were frequently prescribed in relation to asthma exacerbations, contrary to guideline recommendations. Overall, the routine addition of antibiotics to OCS in the management of asthma exacerbations appeared to confer little clinical benefit, especially when considering the risks of antibiotic overuse.
Modeling of vehicle CO2 emissions and signal timing analysis at a signalized intersection considering fuel vehicles and electric vehicles
Authors: Zhao Hong-Xing , He Rui-Chun , Yin Na 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
An intersection is an area with more energy consumption and emissions by motor vehicles, and the energy consumption and emissionsof vehicles at intersections should be reduced in road planning and traffic control to improve the urban traffic environment.

Objectives
In order to analyze the influence of signal timing on CO2 emission of traffic flow under the mixed traffic environment of fuel vehicles and electric vehicles.

Methods
A set of CO2 incremental emission models is established to estimate the CO2 emissions of fuel vehicles and electric vehicles at signalized intersections. Then, a signal timing model with minimum CO2 emissions is established, and the influence of signal timing with minimum CO2 emissions on vehicle control delay and stop rates under different traffic conditions is analyzed.

Conclusions
The case study shows that optimizing of the timing parameters of intersections from the perspective of vehicle CO2 emissions is different from the perspective of control delay or stop rate; the model’s timing optimization will effectively balance the CO2 emissions generated by vehicles during the acceleration, deceleration and idling stages, essentially achieving a comprehensive consideration of vehicle control delay and stop rates. When the road section speed and the mixed proportion of electric vehicles are low, the timing results tend to reduce the vehicle delay at intersections, but when the road section speed and the mixed proportion of electric vehicles are high, the timing results tend to reduce the vehicle stop rate.
Hearing and vision care provided to older people residing in care homes: a cross-sectional survey of care home staff
Authors: Andrusjak Wendy , Barbosa Ana , Mountain Gail 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Hearing and vision loss in older people has been proven to affect physical and mental health and increase the speed of cognitive decline. Studies have demonstrated that certain practices and improved staff knowledge increase the effective care of residents’ ears and eyes, yet it is not known which practices are being implemented in care homes. This study aimed to identify the gaps in staff knowledge regarding hearing and vision difficulties in older residents, and which practices known to improve ear and eye care in older care home residents are not commonly implemented in care homes in England.

Methods
This study used a cross-sectional survey design. Survey questions were informed by the existing literature and were focused on practices, staff knowledge, and other aspects that have shown to affect residents’ hearing and vision care. A convenience sample of care home staff were recruited from care homes across England between November 2018 and February 2019 via email and in paper format. Descriptive statistics and Chi-Square analysis were applied to identify the factors influencing the care being provided to care home residents.

Results
A total of 400 care home staff responded from 74 care homes. The results revealed that less than half of staff respondents reported to use screening tools to identify hearing (46%) and vision impairments (43.8%); that care homes rarely have access to other assistive devices for hearing (16%) and vision loss (23.8%), and that audiology services do not regularly assess care home residents (46.8%). A majority of staff who responded were not confident in ear and eye care. Responses were found to be influenced by the respondents’ job role, length of time working in care homes and also the care home type. Findings confirmed a lack of standardised practice and the importance of shared communication for promulgation of best practice.

Conclusion
This study has identified that some practices known to facilitate ear and eye care are not commonly applied in a sample of English care homes. It has also shown that care home staff knowledge of ear and eye care is inconsistent. The information derived from this survey can be used to inform guidelines for best practice and inform needs for future research.
Urine albumin dipstick independently predicts cardiovascular and renal outcomes among rural Thai population: a 14-year retrospective cohort study
Authors: Aiumtrakul Noppawit , Phichedwanichskul Kitinan , Saravutthikul Surapong , Ottasat Kamonwan , Visuthitepkul Kesinee , Jaruthiti Thitinat , Jinawong Sarita , Chanthowong Kwanchanok , Pengsritong Varot , Horadee Nattawinee , Jitudomtham Chotip , Pruekprasert Torpathom , Tawatkiratipol Thakorn , Chokjutha Tunjira , Pongpripoom Panuwat , Wiwatwarapon Chirayu , Sriyarun Pirawich , Homrossukhon Natcha , Kittithaworn Annop , Kaewput Wisit , Rangsin Ram , Satirapoj Bancha 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Albuminuria is an established risk marker for both cardiovascular and renal outcomes. In this study, we expected to use portable and inexpensive test strips to detect urine albumin level for risk stratification in cardiovascular and renal outcomes among rural Thai community.

Objective
To evaluate the relationship between urine albumin dipstick and cardiovascular and renal complications in rural Thai population.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study in 635 rural Thai adults who tested urine albuminuria by using commercial urine albumin dipstick and the Micral-albumin test II strips at baseline. The subjects were divided into normoalbuminuria (albumin < 20 mg/L), microalbuminuria (albumin 20–200 mg/L), or macroalbuminuria (Urine dipstick at least 1+ or albumin > 200 mg/L). We collected data on the incidences of primary composite outcomes including cardiovascular or renal morbidity and mortality. Incident density and cox regression were analyzed to evaluate the association between albuminuria status and primary composite outcome.

Results
During an average 14-year follow-up, 102 primary composite events occurred including 59 (13.1%), 32 (20.6%) and 11 (39.3%) among 452, 155, and 28 subjects with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria, respectively. Incident densities of primary composite outcome were elevated continually according to the degree of albuminuria (9.36, 17.11 and 38.12 per 1000 person-years). Compared with the subjects without albuminuria, subjects with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria at baseline had higher risk for primary composite outcome in univariate model. After multivariate analysis was performed, the effect of macroalbuminuria was only persisted with 3.13-fold risk (adjusted HR 3.13; 95% CI 1.40–6.96, P= 0.005).

Conclusion
Albuminuria from semi-quantitative methods is an important factor predicting cardiovascular and renal risk among subjects in Thai rural population. Our findings support to also incorporating urine albumin dipstick into assessments of cardiovascular risk in the general population.
Validation of the Chinese version of the low physical activity questionnaire (LoPAQ) with ActiGraph accelerometer in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Huang Rui , Zhang Haifen , Yang Yan , Fang Nina , Liu Qian , Ma Jun , Wang Min , Shi Ling , Tao Xingjuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Valid instruments for measuring physical activity at the low end of the physical activity range and producing quantitative results are required among dialysis patients who are extremely inactive. This study aimed to translate and adapt a Chinese version of the low physical activity questionnaire (LoPAQ) and to examine its reliability and validity among hemodialysis patients.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study. The LoPAQ was translated into Chinese and culturally adapted following the standardized questionnaire adaptation process. Participants wore an ActiGraph for seven consecutive days and were asked to complete the Chinese version of the LoPAQ (C-LoPAQ) following the ActiGraph monitoring period. The criterion validity of the C-LoPAQ was examined with accelerometers using Spearman’s correlation coefficients. Bland-Altman plots were adopted to determine the absolute agreement between methods. The test-retest reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).

Results
Eighty-five hemodialysis patients had valid accelerometers and C-LoPAQ data. The total walking time reported on LoPAQ was correlated with step counts by ActiGraph (rho = 0.47, p < 0.01). A moderate correlation was also observed between the C-LoPAQ and the ActiGraph-measured physical activity for total calories (rho = 0.44, p < 0.01). There was a fair correlation between ActiGraph-measured sedentary time and C-LoPAQ-measured inactive time (rho = 0.22, p < 0.05). The test-retest reliability coefficients of C-LoPAQ ranged from 0.30 to 0.66.

Conclusions
The C-LoPAQ demonstrated moderate validity for measuring low levels of physical activity, especially walking, and total kilocalories of physical activity among hemodialysis patients in China.