bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteoblasts Regulate the Expression of ADAMTS and MMPs in Chondrocytes through ERK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ding Xiao , Xiang Wei , Meng Defeng , Chao Wang , Fei Han , Wang Weishan 
Published: September 2021

Objective Degradative enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and disintegrin metalloproteinase with platelet thrombin-sensitive protein-like motifs (ADAMTS) play a key role
in the development of osteoarthritis (OA). We aimed to investigate the effects of OA subchondral osteoblasts on the expression of ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 in chondrocytes
and the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.
Methods A rat knee OA model was constructed by cutting the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joints, and normal rat articular cartilage chondrocytes (N-ACC), OA rat articular
cartilage chondrocytes (O-ACC), normal subchondral bone osteoblasts (N-SBO), and OA subchondral bone osteoblasts (O-SBO) were isolated and extracted. The expressions of O-ACC and O-SBO
COL1 and COL2 were detected respectively. Chondrocytes were identified by immunofluorescence of COL2 and toluidine blue staining, and osteoblasts were identified by COL1
immunofluorescence, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Alizarin Red staining. Gene expression of COL1, COL2, and aggrecan in normal chondrocytes and OA chondrocytes, and gene expression of
osteoblast ALP and osteocalcin (OCN) were detected by RT-PCR to identify the two chondrocytes and the two osteoblast phenotypes. The constructing N-ACC group, O-ACC group, N-ACC + N-SBO
group, N-ACC + O-SBO group, O-ACC + N-SBO group, O-ACC + O-SBO group, I + N-ACC + O-SBO group, and I + O-ACC + O-SBO group cell cultures, and the expression of ERK, ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5,
MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 genes in chondrocytes cultured for 0, 24, 48, and 72 h were detected by RT-PCR. The protein expressions of pERK, ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13 were
detected by Western blot.
Results

Conclusions
Wie sinnvoll ist die Zweipunktdiskrimination als diagnostisches Mittel bei der Epicondylopathia humeri radialis?
Authors: Börms Kirsten , Richter Michael 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungDie diagnostische Aussagekraft der Zweipunktdiskrimination (ZPD) als Indikator für chronische Krankheitsprozesse (z. B. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Chronic Low Back Pain) ist mehrfach untersucht und gilt als belegt. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die ZPD als diagnostisches Mittel in der Ellenbogenregion zu untersuchen.Mithilfe eines Ästhesiometers (Schieblehre) wurde die ZPD im Bereich des lateralen Ellenbogens bei einer Patientengruppe (N = 21) mit der Diagnose Epicondylopathia humeri radialis sowie einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe (N = 40) mit folgender primärer Fragestellung untersucht: Kann die ZPD am Ellenbogen gesunde Proband(inn)en von Proband(inn)en mit Epicondylopathia humeri radialis unterscheiden? Als Basis wurden ZPD-Normwerte anhand der Kontrollgruppe am lateralen Ellenbogen erstellt. In einer vertiefenden Datenanalyse der Patientenpopulation wurden die Daten der Patient(inn)en mit einem akuten (N = 13) mit den Daten der Patient(inn)en mit einem chronischen (N = 8) Zustand verglichen.Im Ergebnis scheint die ZPD kein geeignetes Diagnostikinstrument zur Differenzierung der Fall- von der Kontrollgruppe sowie von akuten und chronischen Verläufen in der lateralen Ellenbogenregion zu sein.
1,3-Dipolar [3+3] Cycloaddition of 1,4-Benzodiazepinone-Based Nitrones with α-Halohydroxamates for Diastereoselective Synthesis of Novel d-Edge Heterocycle-Fused 1,4-Benzodiazepinones
Authors: Zhao Hong-Wu , Zhang Heng , Cai Lu-Yu , Tang Zhe , Fan Xiao-Zu , Wu Hui-Hui , Bi Xiao-Fan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPromoted by K2CO3 (2.0 equiv), the 1,3-dipolar [3+3] cy­cloaddition between 1, 4-benzodiazepinone-based nitrones and α-halohydroxamates processed smoothly under the mild reaction conditions and delivered structurally novel and complex cis- or trans-configured d-edge heterocycle-fused 1,4-benzodiazepinones in up to >99% isolated yield with >20:1 dr. The relative configuration of the title chemical entities was clearly identified with the use of single-crystal X-ray structure analysis. The reaction mechanism was assumed to interpret the diastereoselective production of the obtained cis- or trans-configured d-edge heterocycle-fused 1,4-benzodiazepinones.
A Baby at All Costs? Exploring the Use and Provision of Unproven Adjuvant Treatments in the Context of IVF
Authors: Jones Georgina L. , Lang Victoria , Hudson Nicky 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe year 2018 marked 40 years since the birth of Louise Brown, the first baby born as a result of pioneering in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Since then, advances have seen a wide range of reproductive technologies emerge into clinical practice, including adjuvant treatments often referred to as IVF “add-ons.” However, these “optional extras” have faced growing criticism, especially when they have often come at additional financial cost to the patient and have little evidence supporting their efficacy to improve pregnancy or birth rates. Despite this, according to the latest national patient survey by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, three quarters of patients who had fertility treatment in the United Kingdom in the past two years had at least one type of treatment add-on highlighting the growing demand for these interventions. This article uses a psychosocial perspective to consider the motivations behind patient and clinician behavior along with the wider societal and economic factors that may be impacting upon the increase in the use of adjuvant treatments in fertility clinics more widely. It suggests the reasons fertility patients use unproven “optional extras” are complex, with interpersonal, psychological, and social factors intertwining to generate an increase in the use of IVF add-ons.
Least energy sign-changing solutions for a class of fractional Kirchhoff–Poisson system
Authors: Meng Yuxi , Zhang Xingrui , He Xiaoming 
Published: September 2021

Using the constraint variational method and a quantitative deformation lemma, we establish the existence of the least energy sign-changing solutions for the fractional Kirchhoff–Poisson system, a+b∫R3|(−Δ)s2u|2dx(−Δ)su+V(x)u+ϕ(x)u=f(x,u),(−Δ)tϕ=u2,x∈R3, where a &gt; 0 is a constant, b∈R+ is a parameter, s, t ∈ (0, 1) and 4s + 2t &gt; 3, (−Δ)s stands for the fractional Laplacian, V is a continuous, positive function, and f is nonlinear function satisfying suitable growth assumptions. Moreover, for any b &gt; 0, we prove that the energy of the least energy sign-changing solution is strictly larger than twice the ground state energy. Furthermore, we show a convergence property of the least energy sign-changing solutions as the parameter b goes to zero. Our results complement an in-depth study of Wang, Radulescu, and Zhang [J. Math. Phys. 60, 011506 (2019)] in the sense that we are concerned with the nodal characteristics of the ground states.
Low barrier height in a ZnO nanorods/NbSe2 heterostructure prepared by van der Waals epitaxy
Authors: Kim Yeonhoo , Tutchton Roxanne , Liu Ren , Krylyuk Sergiy , Zhu Jian-Xin , Davydov Albert V. , Hong Young Joon , Yoo Jinkyoung 
Published: September 2021

Two-dimensional (2D) materials as contacts for semiconductor devices have attracted much attention due to minimizing Fermi level pinning. Schottky–Mott physics has been widely employed to design 2D material-based electrodes and to elucidate their contact behavior. In this study, we revealed that charge transfer across a 2D/semiconductor heterointerface and materials characteristics besides work function should be accounted for in fabrication of electrodes based on 2D materials. Our density functional theory (DFT) calculations predicted that charge transfer between ZnO and NbSe2 lowers the barrier height at the heterojunction and that conductive surface states of ZnO provide an additional conduction channel in the ZnO/NbSe2 heterostructures. Crystalline ZnO/NbSe2 heterostructures were prepared by the hydrothermal method. Electrical characterizations of the ZnO/NbSe2 heterostructures showed Ohmic-like behavior as predicted by the DFT calculations, opposed to the prediction based on the Schottky–Mott model.
Transfer matrix modeling on a longitudinal-bending coupled piezoelectric transducer with single-phase excitation: Analysis and verification
Authors: Wang Liang , Wang Xin , Jin Jiamei , Yu Pengpeng , Luo Gang 
Published: September 2021

Surface-bonded type piezoelectric transducers have the advantages of simple structure, easy miniaturization, and flexible design and have been widely employed as the stator of ultrasonic motors. In order to simplify the control system, a surface-bonded type single-phase excited piezoelectric transducer operating in the longitudinal-bending coupling vibration is proposed, modeled, and validated in this study. Using the asymmetrical excitation effect, the longitudinal-bending coupled vibration is generated in the proposed piezoelectric transducer only applied with a single-phase electrical signal, leading to the production of the elliptical motion at its driving tip. The proposed transducer holds the advantages of compact structure, simple control system, and low manufacturing costs. The transfer matrix method, which is an efficient and fast semi-analytic computation solution, is employed to develop a dynamic model for the proposed transducer in this study in order to provide a general modeling method for surface-bonded type piezoelectric transducers operating with the longitudinal-bending coupled vibration. A novel longitudinal-bending coupled vibration transfer matrix is created first for surface-bonded type piezoelectric composite element. Then, a general semi-analytical electromechanical coupling model is developed to analyze dynamic behaviors of the proposed piezoelectric transducer. Finally, experimental validation is carried out on the prototype of the proposed piezoelectric transducer and compared with the calculation results using the developed transfer matrix model. Experimental results matched well with the calculation results, which confirmed the correctness of the transducer design and verified the feasibility of the developed transfer matrix model. The proposed piezoelectric transducer presents the potential application for linear ultrasonic motors.
A liquid surface height controller for surface spectroscopy
Authors: Pickering James D. , Chatterley Adam S. , Bregnhøj Mikkel , Weidner Tobias 
Published: September 2021

We present a simple and inexpensive liquid surface height controller that can monitor and maintain the height of a liquid surface in a surface-sensitive experiment. The system is based on a commercial laser pointer, universal serial bus webcam, syringe pump, and homemade control software. The system can sense changes in the height of the surface of ±1 µm, and the maximum range of the device without readjustment is around 2.5 mm. The intended use of the device is to maintain the height of a sample at the air–water interface in a sum-frequency generation spectroscopy measurement, which constantly changes due to water evaporation. A demonstration of the system maintaining the height of a water surface to a tolerance of ±5 µm over a period of 8 h is shown to illustrate the stability of a system controlled by this device.
A new remote monitor and control system based on SigFox IoT network
Authors: Livi Lorenzo Francesco , Catani Jacopo 
Published: September 2021

We describe a new, low-cost system designed to provide multi-sensor remote condition monitoring of modern scientific laboratories and to allow users to perform actions from remote locations in the case of detection of specified events. The system is battery operated and does not require the presence of a local area network or WiFi (which are typically not available in the case of, e.g., power losses), as it exploits the growing infrastructure of Internet of Things low-power wide area networks. In particular, our system exploits the new SigFox ultra-narrow-bandwidth infrastructure and provides a bidirectional link between the instrumentation and the remote user even in the case of power line outages, which are among the most critical situations that a scientific laboratory can withstand. The system can detect the occurrence of predefined events in very short times and autonomously react with a series of predefined actions, also allowing a remote user to timely perform additional actions on the system through a user-friendly smartphone application or via a browser interface. The system also embeds a novel power loss detection architecture, which detects power line failures in less than 2 ms. We provide a full characterization of the prototype, including reaction times, connection latencies, sensor sensitivity, and power consumption.
Selection of Plants for Constructed Wetlands Based on Climate and Area in the Interest of Processing Pollutant Parameters on Leachate: A Review
Authors: Arliyani I , Tangahu B V , Mangkoedihardjo S 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The process of waste decomposition in landfills is a process that converts waste into organic fertilizer due to percolating rainwater from biochemical waste processes and wastewater content. range of pollutants may affect public health and the ecosystem around the landfill loca This process also dissolves heavy metals in the form of a leachate byproduct. The high tion. Therefore, it is crucial to treat leachate before discharge to water bodies. Landfill leachate processing can be carried out through 3 processes, consisted of physicochemical, biological, and the combination of physicochemical and biological. Currently, constructed wetlands as natural treatment are considered environmentally friendly to deal with water pollution. This writing aimed to determine the differences in the leachate landfill characteristics, drainage system, and plant species used in the constructed wetland. This writing is based on a literature review of experimental research on water treatment carried out with the same parameters as leachate and leachate treatment. The literature review results show that leachate landfill processing depends on leachate characteristics and is influenced by age, type of waste, region, and climate.
Separation of Cathode Material from Aluminum Plate by Ultrasonic Action using Fenton’s Reagent
Authors: Huang Hongjun , Liu Fangfang , Zhang Qunying 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has been used as a binder in lithium-ion batteries due to its high viscosity, which makes it difficult to separate the cathode material from the aluminum plate when recycling waste lithium-ion batteries. In this study, the peeling effect and mechanism of Fenton’s reagent on the cathode material and aluminum plate of spent lithium-ion batteries under the action of ultrasound has been researched. The results showed that when the ratio of Fe2+/H2O2 was 1:40, temperature was 45 °C, time was 35 min, and liquid-solid ratio was 50:1, the removal rate of cathode material was 98.52%. The combined action of Fenton’s reagent and ultrasonic cavitation oxidized or promoted PVDF to combine with lithium cobalt oxide to form COF3, thereby separating the cathode material from the aluminum foil without changing the structure of lithium cobalt oxide cathode material. Nevertheless, this study may provide a processing method to separate the cathode material from the aluminum plate effectively.
Research on Energy Consumption Test Methods of Light-Duty Pure Electric Vehicles Based on China Automobile Test Driving Cycle
Authors: Xing Jieqin , Liu Dongwei , Jiang Shan , Yu Hanzhengnan , Liu Yu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Referring to GB/T 18386-2017, the impact of NEDC, WLTC and CLTC on the energy consumption of pure electric vehicle is simulated and analysed. Combined with the characteristic parameters of the driving cycles, from the perspective of energy flow loss of each system of the vehicle, the influences of driving cycles on the energy consumption of each part of the vehicle and the working efficiency of the power components are analyzed in detail, and the internal mechanism of the influence rule of driving cycles on energy consumption is revealed. Based on the CLTC, the effects of load mass, ambient temperature and air conditioning on the energy consumption of the electric vehicle are explored. The research results show that the electric vehicle has the longest driving range and the lowest energy consumption under CLTC; as the loading quality increases, the driving range decreases, and the energy consumption per 100 kilometers increases; test temperature and the air conditioner have a great influence on the driving range, especially in the low temperature environment.
Axiomatic Design applied to CRUD matrix in Information Systems
Authors: Cavique Luís , Cavique Miguel 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In Information Systems (IS), the search for a good design is still a relevant issue. In IS, two sub-systems coexist, applications and data. To articulate these sub-systems, some authors opt for the CRUD matrix. Similarly, Axiomatic Design (AD) theory studies how functional requirements are related to design parameters using a design matrix. In this paper, the application sub-system corresponds to the functional requirements, the data sub-system to the design parameters, and the CRUD matrix to the design matrix. The goal of the CRUD matrix is to maintain the independence of its items to minimize the information content of the design. Similarly, AD uses the design matrix to define a good design. This work aims to develop a theory to create object-oriented elements based on the CRUD matrix aligned with the business strategy.
Increasing the performance of a Salt Washing Machine through Axiomatic Design
Authors: Gabriel-Santos António , Fradinho João , Mourão António , Martinho Alberto , Cavique Miguel , Vieira Gonçalo , Gonçalves-Coelho António 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Systems with fewer design parameters (DPs) than functional requirements (FRs) are coupled or cannot achieve all their FRs simultaneously, as per Axiomatic Design's theorem 1. In that case, production processes have lower productivity and production rate than uncoupled or decoupled designs. This paper reports the upgrading of a salt washing machine concerning its performance, not only on separation of salt from saltwater but also on washed salt production. The machine analysis showed it is a coupled design, with one more functional requirement than the design parameters. A viable enhancement was the addition of one design parameter, which made it possible to control separation and washing independently. This redesign enforced functional independence and allowed increasing the production rate between 20% and 30%. Furthermore, one could perceive increased productivity, quality of the final product, and reduced water and energy consumption.
Axiomatic Software Engineering
Authors: Foley J T , Kyas M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Axiomatic Design and Complexity Theory have primarily focused on refining the process of an abstracted need into a physical solution even under challenging conditions. The concepts have high applicability as guidelines for non-physical design, such as those found in programming and its applied field of software engineering. Software engineering came out of the software crisis of the 1960s: its goal is to deliver safe and secure software that meets its specifications on time and within its budget. The product of software engineering is a program. The program is written in a programming language that looked suitable for the problem at hand. For some time, object-oriented technology (OOT) looked popular, because it promised to address information hiding, composability, and extensibility of programs. In hindsight, OOT failed to deliver on its promises. We analyze how Axiomatic Design leads to solutions that are proposed by current programming technologies. The authors believe that different paradigms such as cohesion also need to be included.
Collaborative Engineering: A Review of Organisational Forms for Implementation and Operation
Authors: Putnik Goran D. , Putnik Zlata , Shah Vaibhav , Varela Leonilde , Ferreira Luis , Castro Helio , Catia Alves , Pinheiro Pedro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A review of organisational forms for implementation and operation of Collaborative Engineering following the Collaborative Engineering organizational and management models based on complexity and semiotics frameworks, is presented. These forms are mainly the forms of communities, which are intentionally created for the purpose of Collaborative engineering. The paper presents basic definitions of three types of communities: learning community, community of practice and open design as the organizational environments for Collaborative Engineering. These communities usually take forms of complex networks of independent designers, and usually uses advanced internet based environments and platforms for communication, sharing, dialog, learning and operation in general. In the second part, some examples of the internet based platforms for supporting the Collaborative engineering communities are presented.
Corrigendum: Microstructure and magnetic properties of textured barium W-type hexaferrite with Rare-earth La3+ substitution (2020 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater Sci Eng. 782 022038)
Authors: Liu Qian , Wu Chongsheng , Wang Yu , Liu Yingli , Zhang Huaiwu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Please see Article PDF for corrigendum text.
Effect of final cooling temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength anti-seismic rebar
Authors: Zeng Zeyun , Li Changrong , Li Zhiying , Zhai Yongqiang , Wang Jie , Liu Zhanlin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Rebar is an important material in the major structural engineering, and its fine structure has a very important effect on the performance of the rebar. In this work, the Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator was used to simulate and control the final cooling temperature process to explore the effect of the precipitation behavior of the microalloying elements on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the rebar. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (TEM), and universal tensile testing machine were used to characterize the microstructural transformation and mechanical properties of high-strength anti-seismic rebar. The results shows that under the conditions of different final cooling temperatures, the microstructure of the rebar were mainly composed of ferrite and pearlite. When the final cooling temperature decreased from 750 °C to 650 °C, the ferrite grain size decreased from 0.01237 mm to 0.00678 mm and the pearlite lamellar spacing decreased from 0.226 μm to 0.114 μm. The EBSD results found that the most of ferrite grains with larger misorientation angle (20° ∼ 60°) formed by the different austenite grains. The TEM results found that the main precipitates were (Nb, Ti, V) C, which precipitated on the ferrite matrix, and the shapes were oval, and the average particle sizes were about 20 ∼ 30 nm. When the final cooling temperature was 650 °C, the tensile strength and yield strength of the rebar reached 712.94 MPa and 562.97 MPa, respectively, and strength yield ratio was 1.27. With the decreases in the final cooling temperature, the tensile strength and yield strength of the rebar gradually increased.