bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Young adults’ perceptions of living with atopic dermatitis in relation to the concept of self-management: a qualitative study
Authors: Lundin Susanne , Jonsson Marina , Wahlgren Carl-Fredrik , Johansson Emma , Bergstrom Anna , Kull Inger 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivesLearning to take control of one’s health is an important part of the transition from adolescence to adulthood. This study aimed to explore young adults’ perceptions of living with atopic dermatitis (AD) in relation to the concept of self-management.DesignA qualitative study with an inductive approach was performed through semistructured interviews (n=15). The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed with systematic text condensation.ParticipantsYoung adults (mean age 23,4 years) with persistent AD in a longitudinal population-based birth cohort. To capture experience of living with persistent AD (preschool/school-age onset) of different severity (mild to severe/very severe), a purposive selection was performed. In total, 15 young adults were included. Persistent AD (preschool/school-age onset) was defined as dry skin in combination with itchy rash of typical localisation in the 12 months preceding the 16-year and the 24-year follow-ups. Severity was self-assessed using the Patient Oriented Eczema Measure.ResultsDespite having experience of AD since childhood, the respondents expressed uncertainty about treatment and how it affected their bodies. Their uncertainties and feelings affected how they used topical corticosteroids. The respondents emphasised that they perceived availability of healthcare and knowledge about treatment of AD among healthcare providers to be limited. The participants did not state any experiences of support to self-management from healthcare, which affect young adults’ possibilities to take full control of their AD care.ConclusionsYoung adults with preschool/school-age onset of AD are unsure how to treat and manage the disease. One explanation may be insufficient transition process.
Cohort profile: follow-up of a Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II) subsample as part of the GendAge study
Authors: Demuth Ilja , Banszerus Verena , Drewelies Johanna , Düzel Sandra , Seeland Ute , Spira Dominik , Tse Esther , Braun Julian , Steinhagen-Thiessen Elisabeth , Bertram Lars , Thiel Andreas , Lindenberger Ulman , Regitz-Zagrosek Vera , Gerstorf Denis 
Published: June 2021

PurposeThe study ‘Sex- and gender-sensitive prevention of cardiovascular and metabolic disease in older adults in Germany’, the GendAge study, focuses on major risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and on the development of major outcomes from intermediate phenotypes in the context of sex and gender differences. It is based on a follow-up examination of a subsample (older group) of the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II).ParticipantsThe GendAge study assessments took place between 22 June 2018 and 10 March 2020. A total of 1100 participants (older BASE-II subsample, aged ≥65 years) with baseline data assessed at least by one of the BASE-II partner sites were investigated in the follow-up. These participants had a mean age of 75.6 years (SD ±3.8), with a mean follow-up at 7.4 years (SD ±1.5).Findings to dateData from different domains such as internal medicine, geriatrics, immunology and psychology were collected, with a focus on cardiometabolic diseases and in the context of sex and gender differences. Diabetes mellitus type 2 was reported by 15.6% and 8.6% of men and women, respectively. In contrast, this disease was diagnosed in 20.7% of men and 13.3% of women, indicating that a substantial proportion of almost 30% was unaware of the disease. Echocardiography revealed that left ventricular ejection fraction was higher in women than in men, in agreement with previous reports.Future plansA gender questionnaire assessing sociocultural aspects implemented as part of the follow-up described here will allow to calculate a gender score and its evaluation based on the newly collected data. At the same time, the other BASE-II research foci established over the past 10 years will be continued and strengthened by the BASE-II transition into a longitudinal study with follow-up data on the older subsample.Trial registration numberDRKS00016157.
Impact of a 12-week open-label placebo treatment on headache days in episodic and chronic migraine: a study protocol for a parallel-group, multicentre, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Schmidt Katharina , Kleine-Borgmann Julian , Holle-Lee Dagny , Gaul Charly , Bingel Ulrike 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionMigraine is the most common neurological disorder and one of the major causes of years lived with disability. Its treatment (especially of chronic forms) is often challenging and accompanied with adverse effects. Although new therapeutic approaches have recently emerged (eg, calcitonin gene-related peptide antibodies), these are linked to strict prescribing guidelines and therefore limited to only a minority of patients. Recently, randomised controlled trials have demonstrated that open-label placebo treatments can lead to significant and clinically relevant improvements of chronic pain conditions.Methods and analysisThis multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trial following a parallel group between-subject design aims to systematically investigate the impact of a 12-week open-label placebo treatment on moderate to severe headache days (primary outcome) in patients with episodic and chronic migraine in addition to treatment as usual. Secondary outcomes comprise the number of migraine days, pain intensity, intake of acute medication, quality of life, disability, global impression of change, tolerability and a responder rate. To systematically address potential predictors of placebo responses in patients with migraine, this study assesses potential psychometric predictors, salivary cortisol and alpha-amylase awakening responses, catechol-o-methyltransferase Val158Met polymorphisms, as well as functional and structural brain connectivity (ie, resting state functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging). The data analysis will be performed on basis of the general linear model considering repeated measures (mixed model).Ethics and disseminationThis protocol and all corresponding documents were approved with regard to their content and compliance with ethical regulations by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University Duisburg-Essen, Germany and the Ethics Committee of the Landesärztekammer Hessen. The results from this study will be actively disseminated through manuscript publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberGerman Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00021259).
Adapting to, integrating and self-managing HIV as a chronic illness: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Sematlane Neo Phyllis , Knight Lucia , Masquillier Caroline , Wouters Edwin 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThe process of adapting to a life with a chronic illness, is a well-researched phenomenon for a number of common chronic illnesses. The construct, adaptation, embeds the notions of integration of the chronic illness into identity and self-management. Integration precedes self-management and is key to living positively with a chronic illness. Adaptation is an important concept in understanding trajectory and outcomes of living with a chronic illness. Applicability of these concepts to HIV as a chronic illness; when suppressive adherence has been achieved, however, is unknown. Specifically, the adaptation process to living with HIV as a chronic illness, the integration of HIV into identity and the resulting self-management behaviours by adults living with HIV are relatively unexplored. We describe a protocol for a scoping review of adaptation to living with HIV, we structure the enquiry around integration of HIV into identity and self-management and interrogate theories, models and frameworks that have been proposed and studied and we evaluate them for relevance and usefulness in the care and management of HIV.Methods and analysisMethods proposed by the Johanna Briggs Institute will be followed. The protocol was drafted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis extension for Scoping Reviews and was registered with the Open Science Framework. MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, CINHAL and SocINDEX databases will be searched. A search in Social Science Research Network eLibrary and Open Access Theses and Dissertations will gather grey literature and reference lists of included sources will be screened. Study selection process will involve a title and abstract review and full text review, guided by clearly defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required because this is a proposed review and collection of data on publicly available materials. The results will be published in a topic relevant journal and presented at related scientific events.
Risk factors, symptom reporting, healthcare-seeking behaviour and adherence to public health guidance: protocol for Virus Watch, a prospective community cohort study
Authors: Hayward Andrew , Fragaszy Ellen , Kovar Jana , Nguyen Vincent , Beale Sarah , Byrne Thomas , Aryee Anna , Hardelid Pia , Wijlaars Linda , Fong Wing Lam Erica , Geismar Cyril , Patel Parth , Shrotri Madhumita , Navaratnam Annalan M D , Nastouli Eleni , Spyer Moira , Killingley Ben , Cox Ingemar , Lampos Vasileios , McKendry Rachel A , Liu Yunzhe , Cheng Tao , Johnson Anne M , Michie Susan , Gibbs Jo , Gilson Richard , Rodger Alison , Aldridge Robert W 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThe coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has caused significant global mortality and impacted lives around the world. Virus Watch aims to provide evidence on which public health approaches are most likely to be effective in reducing transmission and impact of the virus, and will investigate community incidence, symptom profiles and transmission of COVID-19 in relation to population movement and behaviours.Methods and analysisVirus Watch is a household community cohort study of acute respiratory infections in England and Wales and will run from June 2020 to August 2021. The study aims to recruit 50 000 people, including 12 500 from minority ethnic backgrounds, for an online survey cohort and monthly antibody testing using home fingerprick test kits. Nested within this larger study will be a subcohort of 10 000 individuals, including 3000 people from minority ethnic backgrounds. This cohort of 10 000 people will have full blood serology taken between October 2020 and January 2021 and repeat serology between May 2021 and August 2021. Participants will also post self-administered nasal swabs for PCR assays of SARS-CoV-2 and will follow one of three different PCR testing schedules based on symptoms.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Hampstead National Health Service (NHS) Health Research Authority Ethics Committee (ethics approval number 20/HRA/2320). We are monitoring participant queries and using these to refine methodology where necessary, and are providing summaries and policy briefings of our preliminary findings to inform public health action by working through our partnerships with our study advisory group, Public Health England, NHS and government scientific advisory panels.
Impact of Florida’s prescription drug monitoring program on drug- related fatal vehicle crashes: a difference-in-differences approach
Authors: Tatar Moosa , Jalali Mohammad S. , Tak Hyo Jung , Chen Li-Wu , Araz Ozgur M. , Wilson Fernando A. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundPrescription drug use has soared in the USA within the last two decades. Prescription drugs can impair motor skills essential for the safe operation of a motor vehicle, and therefore can affect traffic safety. As one of the epicentres of the opioid epidemic, Florida has been struck by high opioid misuse and overdose rates, and has concurrently suffered major threats to traffic disruptions safety caused by driving under the influence of drugs. To prevent prescription opioid misuse in Florida, Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) were implemented in September 2011.ObjectiveTo examine the impact of Florida’s implementation of a mandatory PDMP on drug-related MVCs occurring on public roads.MethodsWe employed a difference-in-differences approach to estimate the difference in prescription drug-related fatal crashes in Florida associated with its 2011 PDMP implementation relative to those in Georgia, which did not use PDMPs during the same period (2009–2013). The analyses were conducted in 2020.ResultsIn Florida, there was a significant decline in drug-related vehicle crashes during the 22 months post-PDMP. PDMP implementation was associated with approximately two (−2.21; 95% CI −4.04 to –0.37; p<0.05) fewer prescribed opioid-related fatal crashes every month, indicating 25% reduction in the number of monthly crashes. We conducted sensitivity analyses to investigate the impact of PDMP implementation on central nervous system depressants and stimulants as well as cocaine and marijuana-related fatal crashes but found no robust significant reductions.ConclusionsThe implementation of PDMPs in Florida provided important benefits for traffic safety, reducing the rates of prescription opioid-related vehicle crashes.
Metabolic features of cancer cells impact immunosurveillance
Authors: Joseph Adrien , Juncheng Pan , Mondini Michele , Labaied Nizar , Loi Mauro , Adam Julien , Lafarge Antoine , Astesana Valentina , Obrist Florine , Klein Christophe , Bloy Norma , Stoll Gautier , Signolle Nicolas , Genestie Catherine , Damotte Diane , Alifano Marco , Leary Alexandra , Pautier Patricia , Morice Philippe , Gouy Sebastien , Deutsch Eric , Chargari Cyrus , Dieu-Nosjean Marie-Caroline , Cremer Isabelle , Michels Judith , Kroemer Guido , Castedo Maria 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundTumors rewire their metabolism to achieve robust anabolism and resistance against therapeutic interventions like cisplatin treatment. For example, a prolonged exposure to cisplatin causes downregulation of pyridoxal kinase (PDXK), the enzyme that generates the active vitamin B6, and upregulation of poly ADP-ribose (PAR) polymerase-1 (PARP1) activity that requires a supply of nicotinamide (vitamin B3) adenine dinucleotide. We investigated the impact of the levels of PDXK and PAR on the local immunosurveillance (ie, density of the antigen presenting cells and adaptive immune response by CD8 T lymphocytes) in two different tumor types.MethodsTumors from patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma (LACC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were stained for PAR, PDXK, dendritic cell lysosomal associated membrane glycoprotein (DC-LAMP) and CD8 T cell infiltration. Their correlations and prognostic impact were assessed. Cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cell clones isolated from Lewis-lung cancer (LLC) cells were evaluated for PAR levels by immunoblot. Parental (PARlow) and cisplatin-resistant (PARhigh) clones were subcutaneously injected into the flank of C57BL/6 mice. Tumors were harvested to evaluate their immune infiltration by flow cytometry.ResultsThe infiltration of tumors by CD8 T and DC-LAMP+ cells was associated with a favorable overall survival in patients with LACC (p=0.006 and p=0.008, respectively) and NSCLC (p<0.001 for both CD8 T and DC-LAMP cells). We observed a positive correlation between PDXK expression and the infiltration by DC-LAMP (R=0.44, p=0.02 in LACC, R=0.14, p=0.057 in NSCLC), and a negative correlation between PAR levels and CD8 T lymphocytes (R=−0.39, p=0.034 in LACC, R=−0.18, p=0.017 in NSCLC). PARP1 is constitutively hyperactivated in cisplatin-resistant LLC cells manifesting elevated intracellular levels of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated proteins (PARhigh). Tumors formed by such cancer cells injected into immunocompetent mice were scarcely infiltrated by CD8 T (p=0.028) and antigen presenting cells (p=0.086).ConclusionsOncometabolic features can impact local immunosurveillance, providing new functional links between cisplatin resistance and therapeutic failure.
Comparison of Survival among Colon Cancer Patients in the U.S. Military Health System and Patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program
Authors: Lin Jie , McGlynn Katherine A. , Shriver Craig D. , Zhu Kangmin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
Access to health care is associated with cancer survival. The U.S. military health system (MHS) provides universal health care to beneficiaries, reducing barriers to medical care access. However, it is unknown whether the universal care has translated into improved survival among patients with colon cancer. We compared survival of patients with colon cancer in the MHS to that in the U.S. general population and assessed whether stage at diagnosis differed between the two populations and thus could contribute to survival difference.

Methods:
The data were from Department of Defense's (DoD) Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR) and the NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program, respectively. The ACTUR (N = 11,907) and SEER patients (N = 23,814) were matched to demographics and diagnosis year with a matching ratio of 1:2. Multivariable Cox regression model was used to estimate all-cause mortality for ACTUR compared with SEER.

Results:
ACTUR patients exhibited better survival than their SEER counterparts (HR, 0.82; 95% confidence interval, 0.79–0.87) overall and in most subgroups by age, in both men and women, and in whites and blacks. The better survival remained when the comparison was stratified by tumor stage.

Conclusions:
Patients with colon cancer in a universal health care system had better survival than patients in the general population.

Impact:
Universal care access is important to improve survival of patients with colon cancer.
The Inverse Association of Body Mass Index with Lung Cancer: Exploring Residual Confounding, Metabolic Aberrations and Within-Person Variability in Smoking
Authors: Wood Angela M. , Jonsson Håkan , Nagel Gabriele , Häggström Christel , Manjer Jonas , Ulmer Hanno , Engeland Anders , Zitt Emanuel , Jochems Sylvia H.J. , Ghaderi Sara , Stattin Pär , Bjørge Tone , Stocks Tanja 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
The inverse observational association between body mass index (BMI) and lung cancer risk remains unclear. We assessed whether the association is explained by metabolic aberrations, residual confounding, and within-person variability in smoking, and compared against other smoking-related cancers.

Methods:
We investigated the association between BMI, and its combination with a metabolic score (MS) of mid-blood pressure, glucose, and triglycerides, with lung cancer and other smoking-related cancers in 778,828 individuals. We used Cox regression, adjusted and corrected for within-person variability in smoking (status/pack-years), calculated from 600,201 measurements in 221,958 participants.

Results:
Over a median follow-up of 20 years, 20,242 smoking-related cancers (6,735 lung cancers) were recorded. Despite adjustment and correction for substantial within-person variability in smoking, BMI remained inversely associated with lung cancer [HR per standard deviation increase, 0.87 (95% confidence interval 0.85–0.89)]. Individuals with BMI less than 25 kg/m2 and high MS had the highest risk [HR 1.52 (1.44–1.60) vs. BMI ≥25 with low MS]. These associations were weaker and nonsignificant among nonsmokers. Similar associations were observed for head and neck cancers and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, whereas for other smoking-related cancers, we generally observed positive associations with BMI.

Conclusions:
The increased lung cancer risk with low BMI and high MS is unlikely due to residual confounding and within-person variability in smoking. However, similar results for other cancers strongly related to smoking suggest a remaining, unknown, effect of smoking.

Impact:
Extensive smoking-adjustments may not capture all the effects of smoking on the relationship between obesity-related factors and risk of smoking-related cancers.
Gendered Memory and Miniaturization in Graphic Design:
Representations of Women on Israeli Postage Stamps
Authors: Gitler Inbal Ben-Asher , Lachover Einat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This research investigates postage stamps as a communication design medium that has a key role in the construction of national gendered commemoration. By examining the commemorative depiction of women on Israeli postage stamps, we analyze approaches to miniaturization and discuss graphic design's implications for the visual articulation of gender within national culture. We further discuss the impact of technological transformations and digitization processes on postage stamp design. We apply social semiotic methodologies, archival research, and interviews with the designers, presenting new findings pertaining to research for design. As such, the present research expands our understanding of small-scale communication design for smartphones, icons, and logos.
The Poetics of Service: Making in the Age of
Experience
Authors: Lee Youngsoo , Kim Miso 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article proposes a framework for service storytelling by analyzing its key elements with Aristotle's Poetics and synthesizing them using the temporal structure of Joseph Campbell's Hero's Journey. Poetics refer to the art of making that is concerned with the general pattern of human experience. We use this framework to study the four causes of storytelling: material cause, efficient cause, formal cause, and end cause. The Hero's Journey is a cyclical model that encompasses both an ordinary and a special world. We utilize this model to synthesize the four causes into a phasic flow, including deficiency, growth, personalization, and transformation.
A Critical and Analytical Assessment of the 2019 Reformation of the Foreign Investment Regulatory Framework of Oman
Authors: Azmy Hussein M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article examines the recent reformation of the foreign investment regulatory environment that was introduced by the Foreign Capital Investment Law of Oman (Royal Decree No. 51/2019) and its Executive Regulation (Ministerial Decision No. 72/2020) with the aim of boosting foreign direct investment (FDI) in Oman. This examination focuses on the texts of the current Foreign Capital Investment Law and its Executive Regulation and analyses the provisions that, in the author’s view, will have a direct impact on the foreign investment sector in Oman. Furthermore, these provisions are contrasted with their counterparts in the former Foreign Capital Investment Law (Royal Decree No. 102/1994) to highlight their strengths and weaknesses. Based on this analysis, the article proposes a set of recommendations to address a number of issues with the current foreign investment regulatory framework with the aim of achieving regulatory clarity and enhancement concerning the framework’s scope of application.
Beneficence, Numbers, and the Procreation Asymmetry
Authors: Hanna Jason 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
According to the Weak Procreation Asymmetry, there are weighty reasons not to create miserable people and only weaker reasons to create happy people. This view has several advantages over the Strong Procreation Asymmetry, which holds that there are no reasons to create happy people. Nonetheless, it faces a serious problem: according to some critics, it suggests that our reasons to create lives are as strong as our reasons to save lives. In response, this essay draws on the intuition that we have reason to maximize the number of lives saved, even when doing so would not secure a greater benefit. Numbers are not comparably relevant, however, to choices involving the creation of people. Taken together, these judgments show that there is typically an “extra” consideration that favors saving lives over creating lives. They thereby help to defuse a common objection to the Weak Procreation Asymmetry.