bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Natural Gas in Mexico
Authors: Beebe B. W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The fabulous early history of the Mexican oil industry, the Tampico embayment, the Golden Lane, the huge gushers, and the emergence of Petróleos Mexicanos as the dominant factor in the Mexican petroleum industry are known to most persons in the oil and gas industry. Not so well known, however, is that Mexico has large reserves and is an important producer of natural gas, some of which is exported to the United States. Moreover, the fine record of Petróleos Mexicanos in exploration and exploitation of Mexico's petroleum resources, and the rapid increase in reserves and in the use of natural gas as an energy source in Mexico as long-distance transmission lines are built to major markets, never have been appreciated outside of Mexico.
There are four petroliferous areas along the eastern Gulf Coast of Mexico, the western end of the Gulf Coast embayment. However, only two are of major importance as gas-producing regions—the northeastern area, the Burgos basin, which is the southward extension of the Rio Grande embayment of the United States, and the Isthmus-Tabasco region in southeastern Mexico. Although several small gas discoveries have been made in the Vera Cruz embayment, results of exploration there have been disappointing. The Tampico embayment, largest oil-producing region in Mexico, contains only one important source of natural gas; Poza Rica, where there is a huge reserve of associated and dissolved gas. However, the quantity of gas available is limited by the quantity of oil produced. Furthermore, much gas produced in Poza Rica is returned to the reservoir to increase oil recovery and will not be available for many years. Also, the gas contains an average of as much as 20 per cent carbon dioxide and much hydrogen sulfide, which must be removed to meet requirements for markets. The remainder of the natural gas in the Tampico embayment is in small quantities accompanying oil and contains large but varied amounts of acid gas, often toxic. It is used in field and plant operations and for pressure maintenance.
F. Willows-Beehive Bend Gas Field
Authors: Alkire James 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Willows-Beehive Bend gas field is one of the largest California gas fields producing from strata of Cretaceous age. It is located centrally in the Sacramento Valley, 70 mi north of Sacramento. Marathon Oil Company discovered the field in 1937 by drilling No. 1 Willard, Sec. 18, T. 20 N., R. 2 W., on the crest of a seismically defined anticline. Willard No. 1 blew out of control, and Willard No. 1 A, a relief well, was the first producer. Only minor reserves were developed as a result of this new field discovery.
In 1953, additional shallow gas reserves were located by No. 1 Estes, Sec. 18, T. 19 N., R. 1 W., the discovery well in the Beehive Bend area. Sunray Mid-Continent Oil Company drilled No. 1 Estes on leases farmed out by the Marathon Oil Company. A deeper pool discovery, Richard S. Rheem No. 1-63 Zumwalt, Sec. 2, T. 19 N., R. 2 W., led to deeper drilling and the subsequent increase of the reserves to the present volume in the Willows-Beehive Bend trend.
H. Arbuckle Gas Field, Colusa County, California
Authors: Vaughan Richard H. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Arbuckle gas field is in Colusa County, California, about 50 mi northwest of Sacramento. The field is adjacent to the northern Coast Range foothills along the western edge of the Sacramento Valley and includes part of Arbuckle, a small agricultural community in an area planted with grain and orchards.
Geology of Natural Gas, Peace River Area, Canada
Authors: Clark L. M. , Cleveland C. E. , Johnson Rolfe S. , Budd Ronald C. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Peace River area comprises the part of northwestern Alberta west of 118° longitude and the adjacent part of northeastern British Columbia east of the Rocky Mountains. Within the last 15 years it has become an important gas-producing area. Gas-productive zones have been found in strata ranging in age from Middle Devonian to Late Cretaceous throughout a stratigraphic thickness of approximately 20,000 ft. Gas accumulations are in anticlinal folds and in several types of stratigraphic traps including fault traps, biohermal reefs, and others. Some of the gases are sweet and dry and others include H2S or CO2. Some contain appreciable quantities of LPG and condensate. Most of the towns of the area are served with natural gas, and an 850-mi, 30-in pipeline serves the interior cities of British Columbia and Vancouver, as well as the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The success ratio for exploratory drilling in the British Columbia part of the area has been high; approximately one wildcat out of three has been completed successfully as a gas discovery. Proved reserves in the area are approximately 9.5 trillion cu ft. The area has promise of becoming an increasingly important source of natural gas, and much exploratory drilling remains.
The Northwest Territories were to have been discussed in this paper. However, because only four widely separated gas wells have been completed in the Northwest Territories, the area is not described in detail.
Alexander Gas Field, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Jackson K. E. , Bourns G. E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Alexander gas field is in central Alberta 20 mi northwest of Edmonton. The producing beds in the Alexander field, known as the Calahoo and the Alexander Sandstones, are the uppermost sandstone units of the Ellerslie Member, Mannville Group, of Early Cretaceous age. Production is obtained at an average depth of 3,800 ft from stratigraphic traps in these sandstone beds. From its discovery in 1949 to February 5, 1966, the Alexander field had produced 102,205,476 Mcf of sweet gas. Twenty-eight wells have been drilled in the area, of which 13 presently are capable of gas production.
Fort Saskatchewan Gas Field, Alberta
Authors: White N. B. , Orr J. B. B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Fort Saskatchewan gas field, discovered in 1951 in central Alberta 15 mi northeast of Edmonton, has a total of 31 gas wells which had yielded 87,097,346 Mcf of sweet nonassociated gas as of January 1,1966.
Production is from the Viking Formation of Early Cretaceous age. A stratigraphic trap is formed by the updip pinchout of the productive sandstone; downdip the sandstone body is water-saturated, and it is terminated laterally by shale re-entrants along strike.
Natural Gas in Sweetgrass Arch Area, Northwestern Montana
Authors: Nordquist Jack W. , Leskela Willard 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Sweetgrass arch in northern Montana has yielded nearly 500 billion cu ft of natural gas since the first discovery in 1915. The 24 gas fields which have been found are mainly on the flanks of the arch. Most of the accumulations are in stratigraphic traps, but closures and faulting are controlling factors in some cases. Several fields have multiple pay zones.
The producing formations, from oldest to youngest, are the Sun River Dolomite of Late Missis- sippian age; the Sawtooth Formation of Middle Jurassic age; the Swift Formation of Late Jurassic age; and the Cut Bank Sandstone, Sunburst Sandstone, and Blackleaf Formation of Early Cretaceous age. All of the reservoir rocks are sandstone except the Sun River Dolomite. The Lower Cretaceous reservoirs are the most important gas zones in the area, having contributed more than 90 per cent of the cumulative yield. The giant Cut Bank field alone has yielded about 70 per cent of the gas obtained from the Sweetgrass arch.
All of the gas produced from the area is marketed in western Montana. The current yield of about 16 billion cu ft annually is less than one-half that needed to supply present market demand.
Occurrence of Natural Gas in Green River Basin, Wyoming
Authors: Krueger Max L. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Exploration and development in the Green River basin of southwestern Wyoming have resulted in discovery of gas reserves which total about 1.5 trillion cu ft in the western part of the basin alone. Important gas-producing units in the western area include sandstone beds in the Frontier and Mesaverde Formations of Late Cretaceous age, and lenticular sandstone bodies of early Tertiary age which appear to have developed near the western shore of an ancient lake occupying the basin.
Combinations of structural and stratigraphic factors cause the trapping of gas in most instances. The gas in both the Frontier and Tertiary beds in the Big Piney-La Barge area in the western part of the basin characteristically has a high methane content and no reported noncombustible gases or hydrogen sulfide. Geologic factors such as the basin's 30,000-ft-thick sedimentary rock section; its thrust- faulted, structurally complex borders; the presence of several regional fold trends which may have compound geological histories; and the notable facies changes, especially in the Mesozoic and Tertiary beds, all suggest that much more extensive gas reserves can be developed in the Green River basin.
Carthage Field, Panola County, Texas
Authors: Rogers Robert E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Carthage field of East Texas is one of the major gas areas of North America. The field has produced about 4 trillion cu ft of gas and 47 million bbls of oil and condensate since 1936. On January 1, 1960, the field contained 631 producing wells and 308,395 productive acres. The field is 48 mi long in a southeast-northwest direction, and has a maximum width of 24 mi.
Structurally, the field is a broad, low-relief terrace on a regional plunging anticline at the southwest end of the Sabine uplift, which separates the North Louisiana and the East Texas sedimentary basins.
The Pettet Formation accounts for 92 per cent of the production (Lower Cretaceous, Comanche Series), and the Rodessa, Travis Peak, upper Glen Rose, and Paluxy Formations (in order of present importance) account for the rest.
Accumulation in the limestones is controlled by structure and by belts of interfingering porous and permeable rocks which have a general northwest-southeast alignment. There is a direct relationship between the deposition of oolites, the distribution of the oolitic limestone, and hydrocarbon accumulation. Accumulation in the sandstones is trapped in part by lenticularity and erratic distribution of reservoir beds; however, the areal distribution of accumulation tends to conform with the elongate productive limestone trends.
This paper is based on a detailed study of all wells drilled, and on a review of additional geological and production data furnished by operators to January 1, 1960.
Smackover (Jurassic) Reservoir of New Hope Field, Franklin County, Texas
Authors: Chisholm L. R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The New Hope field is in southeastern Franklin County, 10 mi south and slightly east of Mt. Vernon, the county seat. Geologically, it is along the northern margin of the East Texas basin, 20 mi south of the Mexia-Sulphur Bluff-Talco fault zone.
Although production history of the New Hope field dates back to the early 1940's, this paper is limited to a discussion of the geology and reservoir characteristics of the Jurassic Smackover Formation.
Geology of Natural Gas—Saskatchewan Paleozoic
Authors: Beach Floyd K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Only one gas well in Saskatchewan produces nonassociated natural gas from strata of the Paleozoic Era. The well is in the Antelope pool, straddling the Saskatchewan-Alberta border, and produces at a rate of 3 million cu ft a day. In addition, approximately 17 million cu ft a day of dissolved gas is gathered in the production of oil from the Mississippian in southeast Saskatchewan.
East Durant Field, Bryan County, Oklahoma
Authors: Jones, Jr. Fred B. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The East Durant field is on a closed anticline beneath an overthrust fault sheet; the field was discovered with the use of a coordinated program of core-drill, seismic, and subsurface exploration. It is approximately 12 mi southeast of the Cumberland field, which is somewhat analogous in character.
The surface rocks are Comanchean of the Cretaceous System and lie unconformably on beds from Springer to Simpson in age. The entire geologic section from Springer to Arbuckle is represented and in some instances is duplicated where thrust faulting has occurred. Productive zones are limited to the Bromide and McLish Formations of the Simpson Group. Eight wells have been completed, of which six are dual completions and two are single-zone completions, one in the Bromide and one in the McLish. There are six gas wells and two oil wells.
Cumulative production to March 1965 was approximately 6,075,893 Mcf of gas and 105,984 bbls of oil.
Adverse childhood experiences, adult depression, and suicidal ideation in rural Uganda: A cross-sectional, population-based study
Authors: Satinsky Emily N. , Kakuhikire Bernard , Baguma Charles , Rasmussen Justin D. , Ashaba Scholastic , Cooper-Vince Christine E. , Perkins Jessica M. , Kiconco Allen , Namara Elizabeth B. , Bangsberg David R. , Tsai Alexander C. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundDepression is recognized globally as a leading cause of disability. Early-life adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to have robust associations with poor mental health during adulthood. These effects may be cumulative, whereby a greater number of ACEs are progressively associated with worse outcomes. This study aimed to estimate the associations between ACEs and adult depression and suicidal ideation in a cross-sectional, population-based study of adults in Uganda.Methods and findingsBetween 2016 and 2018, research assistants visited the homes of 1,626 adult residents of Nyakabare Parish, a rural area in southwestern Uganda. ACEs were assessed using a modified version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences-International Questionnaire, and depression symptom severity and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist for Depression (HSCL-D). We applied a validated algorithm to determine major depressive disorder diagnoses. Overall, 1,458 participants (90%) had experienced at least one ACE, 159 participants (10%) met criteria for major depressive disorder, and 28 participants (1.7%) reported suicidal ideation. We fitted regression models to estimate the associations between cumulative number of ACEs and depression symptom severity (linear regression model) and major depressive disorder and suicidal ideation (Poisson regression models). In multivariable regression models adjusted for age, sex, primary school completion, marital status, self-reported HIV status, and household asset wealth, the cumulative number of ACEs was associated with greater depression symptom severity (b = 0.050; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.039–0.061,p< 0.001) and increased risk for major depressive disorder (adjusted relative risk [ARR] = 1.190; 95% CI, 1.109–1.276;p< 0.001) and suicidal ideation (ARR = 1.146; 95% CI, 1.001–1.311;p= 0.048). We assessed the robustness of our findings by probing for nonlinearities and conducting analyses stratified by age. The limitations of the study include the reliance on retrospective self-report as well as the focus on ACEs that occurred within the household.ConclusionsIn this whole-population, cross-sectional study of adults in rural Uganda, the cumulative number of ACEs had statistically significant associations with depression symptom severity, major depressive disorder, and suicidal ideation. These findings highlight the importance of developing and implementing policies and programs that safeguard children, promote mental health, and prevent trajectories toward psychosocial disability.
‘If relevant, yes; if not, no’: General practitioner (GP) users and GP perceptions about asking ethnicity questions in Irish general practice: A qualitative analysis using Normalization Process Theory
Authors: Roura Maria , LeMaster Joseph W. , Hannigan Ailish , Papyan Anna , McCarthy Sharon , Nurse Diane , Villarroel Nazmy , MacFarlane Anne 
Published: May 2021

Context
The use of ethnic identifiers in health systems is recommended in several European countries as a means to identify and address heath inequities. There are barriers to implementation that have not been researched.

Objective
This study examines whether and how ethnicity data can be collected in Irish general practices in a meaningful and acceptable way.

Methods
Qualitative case study data generation was informed by Normalization Process Theory (NPT) constructs about ‘sense’ making and ‘engagement’. It consisted of individual interviews and focus group discussions based on visual participatory techniques. There were 70 informants, including 62 general practitioner (GP) users of diverse ethnic backgrounds recruited through community organisations and eight GPs identified through an inter-agency steering group. Data were analysed according to principles of thematic analysis using NPT.

Results
The link between ethnicity and health was often considered relevant because GP users grasped connections with genetic (skin colour, lactose intolerance), geographic (prevalence of disease, early years exposure), behavioural (culture/food) and social determinant (housing) factors. The link was less clear with religion. There was some scepticism and questions about how the collection of data would benefit GP consultations and concerns regarding confidentiality and the actual uses of these data (e.g. risk of discrimination, social control). For GPs, the main theme discussed was relevance: what added value would it bring to their consultations and was it was their role to collect these data? Their biggest concern was about data protection issues in light of the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The difficulty in explaining a complex concept such as ‘ethnicity’ in the limited time available in consultations was also worrying.

Conclusions
Implementation of an ethnicity identifier in Irish general practices will require a strong rationale that makes sense to GP users, and specific measures to ensure that its benefits outweigh any potential harm. This is in line with both our participants’ views and the EU GDPR.
The Basque Contention: Ethnicity, Politics, Violence, Ludger Mees (2019)
Authors: Calvo Mendizabal Nagore 
Published: May 2021

Review of: The Basque Contention: Ethnicity, Politics, Violence, Ludger Mees (2019)
Abingdon, Oxon and New York: Routledge, 300 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-85743-963-2, h/bk, £120.00
ISBN 978-0-42926-258-6, e-book, £36.99
New class of sixth-order nonhomogeneousp(x)-Kirchhoff problems with sign-changing weight functions
Authors: Hamdani Mohamed Karim , Chung Nguyen Thanh , Repovš Dušan D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the existence of multiple solutions for the following sixth-orderp(x)-Kirchhoff-type problem−M∫Ω1p(x)|∇Δu|p(x)dxΔp(x)3u=λf(x)|u|q(x)−2u+g(x)|u|r(x)−2u+h(x)inΩ,u=Δu=Δ2u=0,on∂Ω,$$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \begin{cases} -M\left( \int\limits_{\it\Omega} \frac{1}{p(x)}|\nabla {\it\Delta} u|^{p(x)}dx\right){\it\Delta}^3_{p(x)} u = \lambda f(x)|u|^{q(x)-2}u + g(x)|u|^{r(x)-2}u + h(x) &\mbox{in}\quad {\it\Omega}, \\[0.3em] u = {\it\Delta} u = {\it\Delta}^2 u = 0, \quad &\mbox{on}\quad \partial{\it\Omega}, \end{cases} \end{array}$$whereΩ⊂ ℝNis a smooth bounded domain,N>3,Δp(x)3u:=div⁡(Δ(|∇Δu|p(x)−2∇Δu))$\begin{array}{} N \,\,\gt\,\, 3, {\it\Delta}_{p(x)}^3u\,\, : =\,\, \operatorname{div}\Big({\it\Delta}(|\nabla {\it\Delta} u|^{p(x)-2}\nabla {\it\Delta} u)\Big) \end{array}$is thep(x)-triharmonic operator,p,q,r∈C(Ω), 1 <p(x) <N3$\begin{array}{} \displaystyle \frac N3 \end{array}$for allx∈Ω,M(s) =a−bsγ,a,b,γ> 0,λ> 0,g:Ω× ℝ → ℝ is a nonnegative continuous function whilef,h:Ω× ℝ → ℝ are sign-changing continuous functions inΩ. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is one of the first contributions to the study of the sixth-orderp(x)-Kirchhoff type problems with sign changing Kirchhoff functions.
»Ein jedes Volk hat seine Grösse«
Authors: Kruschwitz Hans 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article reconstructs the continuity of Moses Hessʼ orientation towards the ideal of the ›old, holy nation-state‹ of the Jews from the beginning of his philosophical and political writings in the 1830s to the time of his Zionist engagement in the 1860s. In particular, it presents a new reading of his writings that also traces his conflict with Marx and Engels in the years from 1845 to 1847 back to this orientation.
Early Modern Anti-Jewish Invective in Germany: The ›Judenfeind‹ (1570; 1605) of Pastor Georg Nigrinus, Roots and Reaction
Authors: McDonald William C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Der Judenfeind (1570), eine virulent antijüdische, polemische Schrift des prominenten evangelischen Theologen und Pfarrers Nigrinus (Georg Schwartz), die vorwiegend an die hessischen Landgrafen adressiert ist, gewährt uns Einblicke in die zeitgenössische Rezeption von Martin Luthers »Von den Juden und ihren Lügen.« Uns schockiert die feste Überzeugung von Nigrinus, dass seine vom tiefsten Judenhass animierte Schmähschrift eine Hommage an Luther darstellen sollte. Bei seinen Bestrebungen, deutsche Herrscher dazu anzuspornen, die Juden aus ihren Gebieten zu vertreiben, scheiterte Nigrinus. Trotzdem werden seine Hetzbefunde regelmäßig bei denjenigen Autoren zitiert, die bestrebt sind, die Juden als eine der christlichen Umwelt problematische sowie bedrohliche Präsenz zu brandmarken.
Transcriptome analysis of resistance mechanism to potato wart disease
Authors: Li Peihua , Fan Ruihong , Peng Zhengsong , Qing Yuan , Fang Zhirong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
To understand the molecular mechanism of the resistance to potato wart disease, we used the potato cultivar Qingshu 9 as the experimental material and prepared potato samples with different levels of disease through inoculation. The RNAs of the samples were extracted, and transcriptome analysis was performed on the samples not infected by the disease (control group) and also on the samples with different levels of disease, with the aid of high-throughput sequencing. Next, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the resistance to potato wart disease were identified based on the analysis results. Using bioinformatic tools, the DEGs were functionally annotated, classified, and enriched in related metabolic pathways. The main results are as follows: Compared with the control group, 4 DEGs were identified in the samples with light disease, 52 were found in the samples with medium disease, and 214 were discovered in the samples with heavy disease. Potato mainly resists the wart disease by suppressing its gene expression, and the degree of suppression depends on the level of the disease; the disease resistance might be dominated by cellular nucleic acid-binding protein, AP2-like transcription factor, and E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase. This research provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of potato resistance against wart disease.