bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reindeer herders from subarctic Finland exhibit high total energy expenditure and low energy intake during the autumn herd roundup
Authors: Ocobock Cara , Soppela Päivi , Turunen Minna , Stenbäck Ville , Herzig Karl‐Heinz , Rimbach Rebecca , Pontzer Herman 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveHigh levels of total energy expenditure (TEE, kcal/day) have been documented among numerous human populations such as tropical climate horticulturalists and high‐altitude agriculturalists. However, less work has been conducted among highly physically active cold climate populations.MethodsIn October 2018, TEE was measured using the doubly labeled water (TEEDLW, N = 10) and flex‐heart rate methods (TEEHR, N = 24) for 6–14 days among reindeer herders (20–62 years) in northern Finland during an especially physically demanding, but not seasonally representative, period of the year for herders—the annual reindeer herd roundup. Self‐reported dietary intake was also collected during TEE measurement periods. TEE was then compared to that of hunter gatherer, farming, and market economies.ResultsDuring the herd roundup, herders expended a mean of 4183 ± 949 kcal/day as measured by the DLW method, which was not significantly different from TEEHR. Mean caloric intake was 1718 ± 709 kcal/day, and was significantly lower than TEEDLW and TEEHR (p < .001). Herder TEEDLW was significantly higher than that of hunter gatherer (p = .0014) and market (p < .0014) economy populations; however, herder TEEDLW was not different from that of farming populations (p = .91).ConclusionHigh TEE and low caloric intake among herders reflect the extreme demands placed on herders during the annual herd round up. Although TEEDLW was similar between cold climate herders and hot climate farming populations, there are likely differences in how that TEE is comprised, reflecting the local ecologies of these populations.
Prostaglandin A2 induces apoptosis in three cell lines derived from the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Wang Yong , Goodman Cynthia L. , Ringbauer Joseph , Li Yaofa , Stanley David 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnimals maintain homeostasis of cell numbers, constantly creating new cells and eliminating others. Programmed cell death, apoptosis, is a mechanism of cell elimination and it acts in many aspects of animal biology. Drawing on the biomedical background, several signals launch the apoptosis mechanisms, including prostaglandins (PGs). Based on this information, we posed the hypothesis that PGs similarly induce apoptosis in insect cell lines. We used three Spodoptera frugiperda cell lines, including two newly established, BCIRL‐SfNS‐0518B‐YL derived from the central nervous system and BCIRL‐Sf4FB‐0614‐SGS derived from fat body, and the commercially available Sf9 cells. Using a kinetic apoptosis kit, we found treating SfNS cells for 18 h with 15 or 20 μM PGA2 led to decreases in cell numbers, coupled with increased numbers of apoptotic and dead cells. Similar exposures to 10 μM PGA2 (24 h) led to substantial increases in apoptotic cells, confirmed by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay on a flow cytometer. The influence of PGA2 treatments increased with dosage, as we recorded about 20% apoptosis at 24 h post‐PGA2 treatments (10 μM) and about 34% apoptosis at 24 h post‐30 μM treatments. PGA2 treatments led to 10‐ to 30‐fold increases in messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding apoptosis‐specific caspases‐1, −2, −3, and −5 at 12 h and 40‐ to 60‐fold increases in mRNAs encoding caspases‐1 and −2, 10‐fold increases for caspases‐3 and −5 at 24 h. These findings strongly support our hypothesis that PGs induce apoptosis in an insect cell line and confirm an additional PG action in insect biology.
Novel strategy for disease risk prediction incorporating predicted gene expression and DNA methylation data: a multi‐phased study of prostate cancer
Authors: Wu Chong , Zhu Jingjing , King Austin , Tong Xiaoran , Lu Qing , Park Jong Y. , Wang Liang , Gao Guimin , Deng Hong‐Wen , Yang Yaohua , Knudsen Karen E. , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Long Jirong , Zheng Wei , Pan Wei , Conti David V. , Haiman Christopher A , Wu Lang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundDNA methylation and gene expression are known to play important roles in the etiology of human diseases such as prostate cancer (PCa). However, it has not yet been possible to incorporate information of DNA methylation and gene expression into polygenic risk scores (PRSs). Here, we aimed to develop and validate an improved PRS for PCa risk by incorporating genetically predicted gene expression and DNA methylation, and other genomic information using an integrative method.MethodsUsing data from the PRACTICAL consortium, we derived multiple sets of genetic scores, including those based on available single‐nucleotide polymorphisms through widely used methods of pruning and thresholding, LDpred, LDpred‐funt, AnnoPred, and EBPRS, as well as PRS constructed using the genetically predicted gene expression and DNA methylation through a revised pruning and thresholding strategy. In the tuning step, using the UK Biobank data (1458 prevalent cases and 1467 controls), we selected PRSs with the best performance. Using an independent set of data from the UK Biobank, we developed an integrative PRS combining information from individual scores. Furthermore, in the testing step, we tested the performance of the integrative PRS in another independent set of UK Biobank data of incident cases and controls.ResultsOur constructed PRS had improved performance (C statistics: 76.1%) over PRSs constructed by individual benchmark methods (from 69.6% to 74.7%). Furthermore, our new PRS had much higher risk assessment power than family history. The overall net reclassification improvement was 69.0% by adding PRS to the baseline model compared with 12.5% by adding family history.ConclusionsWe developed and validated a new PRS which may improve the utility in predicting the risk of developing PCa. Our innovative method can also be applied to other human diseases to improve risk prediction across multiple outcomes.
Resist or Oxidize: Identifying Molecular Structure–Photostability Relationships for Conjugated Polymers Used in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Martynov Ilya V. , Inasaridze Liana N. , Troshin. Pavel A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough organic solar cells have started to demonstrate competitive power conversion efficiencies of >18 %, their operational lifetimes remain insufficient for wide practical use and the factors influencing the photostability of absorber materials and completed devices are still not completely understood. A systematic study of two series of structurally similar [XTBT]n and [XTTBTBTT]n polymers (16 structures in total) reveals the building blocks that enable the highest material stability towards photooxidation: fluorene, silafluorene, carbazole, diketopyrrolopyrrole, and isoindigo. Furthermore, a direct correlation is evident between the electronic properties of the conjugated polymers and their reactivity towards oxygen. The structures with the lowest highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energies show the highest electrochemical oxidation potentials and appear to be the most resistant towards chemical oxidation. These relationships set important guidelines for the further rational design of new absorber materials for efficient and stable organic photovoltaics.
Biotechnology of Plastic Waste Degradation, Recycling, and Valorization: Current Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Qin Zi‐Hao , Mou Jin‐Hua , Chao Christopher Yu Huang , Chopra Shauhrat Singh , Daoud Walid , Leu Shao‐yuan , Ning Zhi , Tso Chi Yan , Chan Chak Keung , Tang Shixing , Hathi Zubeen Jyotiwadan , Haque Md Ariful , Wang Xiang , Lin Carol Sze Ki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInvited for this month′s cover is the collaborative group of Dr. Carol Sze Ki Lin and Dr. Xiang Wang. The image illustrates the biodegradation of plastics and the potential for plastic waste recycling and valorization to address the plastic waste dilemma. The Minireview itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202100752.
Cortical thickness across the lifespan in a Colombian cohort with autosomal‐dominant Alzheimer's disease: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fox‐Fuller Joshua T. , Torrico‐Teave Heirangi , d'Oleire Uquillas Federico , Chen Kewei , Su Yi , Chen Yinghua , Brickhouse Michael , Sanchez Justin S. , Aguero Cinthya , Jacobs Heidi I.L. , Hampton Olivia , Guzmán‐Vélez Edmarie , Vila‐Castelar Clara , Aguirre‐Acevedo Daniel C. , Baena Ana , Artola Arabiye , Martinez Jairo , Pluim Celina F. , Alvarez Sergio , Ochoa‐Escudero Martin , Reiman Eric M. , Sperling Reisa A. , Lopera Francisco , Johnson Keith A. , Dickerson Bradford C. , Quiroz Yakeel T. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionCortical thinning is a marker of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the age‐related trajectory of cortical thickness across the lifespan (9‐59 years) in a Colombian kindred with autosomal dominant AD (ADAD).MethodsTwo hundred eleven participants (105 presenilin‐1 [PSEN1] E280A mutation carriers, 16 with cognitive impairment; 106 non‐carriers) underwent magnetic resonance imaging. A piecewise linear regression identified change‐points in the age‐related trajectory of cortical thickness in carriers and non‐carriers.ResultsUnimpaired carriers exhibited elevated cortical thickness compared to non‐carriers, and thickness more negatively correlated with age and cognition in carriers relative to non‐carriers. We found increased cortical thickness in child carriers, after which thickness steadied compared to non‐carriers prior to a rapid reduction in the decade leading up to the expected age at cognitive impairment in carriers.DiscussionFindings suggest that cortical thickness may fluctuate across the ADAD lifespan, from early‐life increased thickness to atrophy proximal to clinical onset.
Quantification of cognitive impairment to characterize heterogeneity of patients at risk of developing Alzheimer's disease dementia
Authors: Giraldo Diana L. , Sijbers Jan , Romero Eduardo ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionNeuropsychological test scores are limited and standard outcomes may mask the heterogeneity of cognitive impairment. This article presents the calculation and evaluation of six composite scores that quantify domain‐specific impairment.MethodsParameters for composite scores calculation were learned by performing confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. The obtained scores were evaluated with a separate sample of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in two automated tasks: unsupervised partition in different subgroups and prediction of progression to dementia for different time windows.ResultsMCI subgroups with distinctive cognitive profiles and risk of progression emerged from cluster analysis. Composite scores outperform standard neuropsychological tests when automatically predicting progression within time windows up to 5 years.ConclusionsDomain‐specific composite scores are useful to delineate profiles of impairment, stratify the MCI risk, and predict progression to dementia.
Exosomal microRNA‐19b targets FBXW7 to promote colorectal cancer stem cell stemness and induce resistance to radiotherapy
Authors: Sun Tao , Yin Yong‐Fang , Jin Hai‐Guo , Liu Hai‐Rui , Tian Wei‐Cheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be one of the most malignant cancers with a high mortality rate to date. Promoting the radio‐responsiveness of CRC is of great importance for local control and prognosis. In this study, we examined the roles of exosomal microRNA‐19b (miR‐19b) in CRC radioresistance. The regulatory role of miR‐19b in CRC stem cells and radiotherapy‐resistant cells was determined using miRNA microarray analysis, and its prognostic value was probed using the TCGA database. It was found that miR‐19b was overexpressed in CRC tissues, which indicated a poor prognosis. CRC‐derived exosomes (EXOs) enhanced the radio‐resistance and stemness properties of CRC cells via delivery of miR‐19b in vitro and in vivo. FBXW7 was identified as a putative target of miR‐19b. On the contrary, reintroduction of FBXW7 reversed the effects of miR‐19b on radioresistance and stemness properties. Furthermore, the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activity was elevated in CRC cells upon EXOs treatment, decreased after miR‐19b downregulation, and increased again after FBXW7 downregulation. These results suggest that miR‐19b inhibition could enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy while reducing the stemness properties, thus presenting a promising strategy for sensitizing CRC cells to radiotherapy.
Tandem duplicate expression patterns are conserved between maize haplotypes of the α‐zein gene family
Authors: Hurst Preston , Schnable James C. , Holding David R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTandem duplication gives rise to copy number variation and subsequent functional novelty among genes as well as diversity between individuals in a species. Functional novelty can result from either divergence in coding sequence or divergence in patterns of gene transcriptional regulation. Here, we investigate conservation and divergence of both gene sequence and gene regulation between the copies of the α‐zein gene family in maize inbreds B73 and W22. We used RNA‐seq data generated from developing, self‐pollinated kernels at three developmental stages timed to coincide with early and peak zein expression. The reference genome annotations for B73 and W22 were modified to ensure accurate inclusion of their respective α‐zein gene models to accurately assess copy‐specific expression. Expression analysis indicated that although the total expression of α‐zeins is higher in W22, the pattern of expression in both lines is conserved. Additional analysis of publicly available RNA‐seq data from a diverse population of maize inbreds also demonstrates variation in absolute expression, but conservation of expression patterns across a wide range of maize genotypes and α‐zein haplotypes.
Finite‐time adaptive tracking control for a class of nonstrict feedback nonlinear systems with full state constraints
Authors: Wang Yudi , Zong Guangdeng , Yang Dong , Shi Kaibo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article reports our investigation on the finite‐time tracking control problem for nonstrict feedback nonlinear systems subject to full state constraints. A finite‐time stability criterion is founded by employing the barrier Lyapunov function methodology. With the backstepping technique, an adaptive neural networks controller is proposed, which can pledge that the closed‐loop system signals bounded and the tracking error converges to a sufficiently modest area around the origin in finite‐time under full state constraints. Finally, an example of the electromechanical system is given to corroborate the validity of acquired methods.
A Review on the Synthesis and Modification of Functional Inorganic‐Organic‐Hybrid Materials via Microwave‐Assisted Method
Authors: Atri Shalu , Tomar Ravi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe microwave‐assisted method is an appropriate route; to overcome the energy barrier for stabilizing perovskite structured based inorganic‐organic‐hybrid materials. The motivation for using the microwave‐assisted method in material science as an effective heating technique results from improvement in the topochemical modification of layered perovskite oxides. The microwave‐assisted method causes a fall in time duration from days to hours/minutes and produces good quality products with high crystallinity. Inorganic‐organic‐hybrids can be derived easily by the stepwise modification of layered perovskites. These modification techniques involve proton exchange, grafting, intercalation, and exfoliation steps. The microwave synthesized inorganic‐organic‐hybrid materials are in high demand due to their various interesting properties, potential catalytic, optical, composite, magnetic, and electronic, making them useful for technological applications.
On Local Convergence of Stochastic Global Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Hendrix Eligius M. T. , Rocha Ana Maria A. C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn engineering optimization with continuous variables, the use of Stochastic Global Optimization (SGO) algorithms is popular due to the easy availability of codes. All algorithms have a global and local search character, where the global behaviour tries to avoid getting trapped in local optima and the local behaviour intends to reach the lowest objective function values. As the algorithm parameter set includes a final convergence criterion, the algorithm might be running for a while around a reached minimum point. Our question deals with the local search behaviour after the algorithm reached the final stage. How fast do practical SGO algorithms actually converge to the minimum point? To investigate this question, we run implementations of well known SGO algorithms in a final local phase stage.
Computing Binding Energies of Interstellar Molecules by Semiempirical Quantum Methods: Comparison Between DFT and GFN2 on Crystalline Ice
Authors: Germain Aurèle , Corno Marta , Ugliengo Piero 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInterstellar Grains (IGs) spread in the Interstellar Medium (ISM) host a multitude of chemical reactions that could lead to the production of interstellar Complex Organic Molecules (iCOMs), relevant in the context of prebiotic chemistry. These IGs are composed of a silicate-based core covered by several layers of amorphous water ice, known as a grain mantle. Molecules from the ISM gas-phase can be adsorbed at the grain surfaces, diffuse and react to give iCOMs and ultimately desorbed back to the gas phase. Thus, the study of the Binding Energy (BE) of these molecules at the water ice grain surface is important to understand the molecular composition of the ISM and its evolution in time. In this paper, we propose to use a recently developed semiempirical quantum approach, named GFN-xTB, and more precisely the GFN2 method, to compute the BE of several molecular species at the crystalline water ice slab model. This method is very cheap in term of computing power and time and was already showed in a previous work to be very accurate with small water clusters. To support our proposition, we decided to use, as a benchmark, the recent work published by some of us in which a crystalline model of proton-ordered water ice (P-ice) was adopted to predict the BEs of 21 molecules relevant in the ISM. The relatively good results obtained confirm GFN2 as the method of choice to model adsorption processes occurring at the icy grains in the ISM. The only notable exception was for the CO molecule, in which both structure and BE are badly predicted by GFN2, a real pity due to the relevance of CO in astrochemistry.
Self-care: Concept, Rationale, and Framework
Authors: Pachauri Saroj , Pachauri Ash , Mittal Komal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe role and importance of self-care in the continuum of health care are becoming important subjects of debate among social scientists and health professionals. Interest in the self-care component of health services is stimulated by the convergence of diverse pressures common to health services systems. Depersonalized medical care, rising costs of high technology, focus on curative care, growth of lay knowledge, recognition of the limits of medical care, and documentation of the impact of the individual’s health behavior on patterns of morbidity are all factors stimulating new thinking regarding the importance of individuals and families to the effective and efficient functioning of health service systems.
Female Sex Work Dynamics: Empowerment, Mobilization, Mobility
Authors: Pachauri Saroj , Pachauri Ash , Mittal Komal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUNAIDS defines sex work as selling sexual services (Ditmore in Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. UNAIDS, 2008, [1]). Sex workers involved in sexual relations with multiple partners are a key group of women who need access to comprehensive sexual health services, including HIV prevention, treatment, and care (Lafort et al. in Reproductive health services for populations at high risk of HIV: performance of a night clinic in Tete province, Mozambique. BMC Health Services Research, 2010, [2]). There are a broad range of sex workers in various locations including those who are street-based and brothel-based, those who work as escorts, and those who work from their own homes.
Sexual Behaviors of Long-Distance Truck Drivers
Authors: Pachauri Saroj , Pachauri Ash , Mittal Komal 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTruck drivers are a group of recognized marginalized people who are sexually active during their long driving hours. Their exhausting working environment causing lethargy and mental fatigue stirs them to have sex (Essuon et al. in J Health Care Poor Underserved 20:40–52, 2009, [1]). Long-distance truck drivers transport goods over hundreds and even thousands of miles. They may drive flatbed rigs, which are used for carrying steel, or tankers and tractor trailers. They usually drive at night when traffic is light (American Trucking Associations in Long-haul truck driver: definition and nature of work. American Trucking Associations, Encyclopedia, 2020, [2]). Truck drivers and interstate migrants are important bridge populations for the transmission of HIV infection (Pandey et al. in AIDS 22(5):81–90, 2008, [3]).
A risk-level assessment system based on the STRIDE/DREAD model for digital data marketplaces
Authors: Zhang Lu , Taal Arie , Cushing Reginald , de Laat Cees , Grosso Paola 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSecurity is a top concern in digital infrastructure and there is a basic need to assess the level of security ensured for any given application. To accommodate this requirement, we propose a new risk assessment system. Our system identifies threats of an application workflow, computes the severity weights with the modified Microsoft STRIDE/DREAD model and estimates the final risk exposure after applying security countermeasures in the available digital infrastructures. This allows potential customers to rank these infrastructures in terms of security for their own specific use cases. We additionally present a method to validate the stability and resolution of our ranking system with respect to subjective choices of the DREAD model threat rating parameters. Our results show that our system is stable against unavoidable subjective choices of the DREAD model parameters for a specific use case, with a rank correlation higher than 0.93 and normalised mean square error lower than 0.05.