bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social adjustment in survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia without cranial radiation therapy
Authors: Schulte Fiona S. M. , Merz Erin L. , Russell K. Brooke , Tromburg Courtney , Cho Sara , Tran Andrew , Reynolds Kathleen , Tomfohr‐Madsen Lianne 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate group differences in social adjustment in survivors of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) compared to survivor siblings and controls; identify disease‐related predictors of social adjustment in survivors; and explore whether executive functioning explained differences in social adjustment across groups and between disease‐related predictors.MethodsSurvivors of pediatric ALL (n = 38, average age at diagnosis = 4.27 years [SD = 1.97]; average time off treatment = 4.83 years [SD = 1.52]), one sibling (if available, n = 20), and one parent from each family were recruited from a long‐term survivor clinic. Healthy age‐ and sex‐matched controls (n = 38) and one parent from each family were recruited from the community. Parents completed the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Parent Rating Scale (BASC‐3) Social Withdrawal subscale as a measure of social adjustment, and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functions (BRIEF‐2) as a measure of executive function for each of their children. Multilevel modeling and mediation analysis were used to achieve the study aims.ResultsParents reported that survivors had significantly worse social adjustment compared to controls (b = 6.34, p = .004), but not survivor siblings. Among survivors, greater time off treatment (b = 2.06, p = .058) and poorer executive functioning (b = 0.42, p = .006) were associated with worse social adjustment. Executive function did not mediate differences in social withdrawal between survivors and controls or the relationship between time off treatment and social withdrawal among survivors.ConclusionsSurvivors of pediatric ALL presenting to follow‐up programs should be screened for difficulties with social adjustment. Future research should examine treatment‐ and nontreatment‐related factors contributing to poorer social outcomes.
Differentiation of endospheric microbiota in ancient and modern wheat cultivar roots
Authors: Mauger Solène , Ricono Claire , Mony Cendrine , Chable Vèronique , Serpolay Estelle , Biget Marine , Vandenkoornhuyse Philippe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractModern plant breeding and agrosystems artificialization could have altered plants’ ability to filter and recruit beneficial microorganisms in its microbiota. Thus, compared to modern cultivars, we hypothesized that root‐endosphere microbiota in modern wheat cultivars are less resistant to colonization by fungi and bacteria and thus more susceptible to also recruit more pathogens. We used an in‐field experimental design including six wheat varieties (three ancient vs. three modern) grown in monoculture and in mixture (three replicates each). Endospheric microbiota of wheat roots were analyzed on four individuals sampled randomly in each plot. Composition‐based clustering of sequences was then characterized from amplicon mass‐sequencing. We show that the bacterial and fungal microbiota composition in wheat roots differed between ancient and modern wheat cultivar categories. However, the responses observed varied with the group considered. Modern cultivars harbored higher richness of bacterial and fungal pathogens than ancient cultivars. Both cultivar types displayed specific indicator species. A synergistic effect was identified in mixtures of modern cultivars with a higher root endospheric mycobiota richness than expected from a null model. The present study shows the effect of plant breeding on the microbiota associated plant roots. The results call for making a diagnosis of the cultivar's endospheric‐microbiota composition. These new results also suggest the importance of a holobiont‐vision while considering plant selection in crops and call for better integration of symbiosis in the development of next‐generation agricultural practices.
An examination of management responsibility in shock events on shareholders’ wealth and reputation‐repair actions to rebound losses
Authors: Buzinkai Donald I. , El‐Gazzar Samir M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of management responsibility in corporate shock events on shareholders' wealth and the types and frequency of repair actions taken to mitigate reputational losses. Information theory and market psychology suggest that shock events resulting from management faults signal ineffective firm management that reduces market participants' trust in a firm's operations. We utilize a sample of corporate shock events with attributed‐firm responsibility ranging from weak to strong and test the above‐stated objectives. Our results show that attributed‐firm responsibility in shock events has a significant negative effect on shareholders' value. The results also highlight positive relationships between firms' levels of responsibility for events and both the number of types and repair actions that firms pursue. In addition, firms announcing reputation‐repair actions were able to rebound a significant portion (41%) of their reputational losses. These findings extend academic research into the cause and consequences of shock events and the repair actions pursued by firms. For practitioners, the results signal the significant negative consequences of shock events and suggest that management should strengthen controls to avoid shock events; but if one was to occur, management should pursue reputation‐repair actions to rebuild market participants' trust and rebound shareholders' losses.
Molecular Engineering of Laser‐Induced Graphene for Potential‐Driven Broad‐Spectrum Antimicrobial and Antiviral Applications
Authors: Gu Meijia , Huang Libei , Wang Zhaoyu , Guo Weihua , Cheng Le , Yuan Yuncong , Zhou Zhou , Hu Liu , Chen Sijie , Shen Chao , Tang Ben Zhong , Ye Ruquan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWorldwide, countless deaths have been caused by the coronavirus disease 2019. In addition to the virus variants, an increasing number of fatal fungal infections have been reported, which further exacerbates the scenario. Therefore, the development of porous surfaces with both antiviral and antimicrobial capacities is of urgent need. Here, a cost‐effective, nontoxic, and metal‐free strategy is reported for the surface engineering of laser‐induced graphene (LIG). The authors covalently engineer the surface potential of the LIG from −14 to ≈+35 mV (LIG+), enabling both high‐efficiency antimicrobial and antiviral performance under mild conditions. Specifically, several candidate microorganisms of different types, includingEscherichia coli,Streptomyces tenebrarius, andCandida albicans, are almost completely inactivated after 10‐min solar irradiation. LIG+also exhibits a strong antiviral effect against human coronaviruses: 99% HCoV‐OC43 and 100% HCoV‐229E inactivation are achieved after 20‐min treatment. Such enhancement may also be observed against other types of pathogens that are heat‐sensitive and oppositely charged. Besides, the covalent modification strategy alleviates the leaching problem, and the low cytotoxicity of LIG+makes it advantageous. This study highlights the synergy of surface potential and photothermal effect in the inactivation of pathogens and it provides a direction for designing porous materials for airborne disease removal and water disinfection.
On the (un‐)adoption of JavaScript front‐end frameworks
Authors: Ferreira Fabio , Borges Hudson Silva , Valente Marco Tulio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractJavaScript is characterized by a rich ecosystem of libraries and frameworks. A key element in this ecosystem are frameworks used for implementing the front‐end of web‐based applications, such as Vue and React. However, despite their relevance, we have few works investigating the factors that drive the adoption—and un‐adoption—of front‐end‐based JavaScript frameworks. Therefore, in this article, we first report the results of a survey with 49 developers where we asked them to describe the factors they consider when selecting a front‐end framework. In the second part of the work, we focus on projects that migrate from one framework to another since JavaScript's ecosystem is also very dynamic. Finally, we provide a quantitative characterization of the migration effort and reveal the main barriers faced by the developers during this effort. Although not completely generalizable, our central findings are as follows: (a) popularity and learnability are the key factors that motivate the choice of front‐end frameworks in JavaScript; (b) from the 49 surveyed developers, one out of four have plans to migrate to another framework in the future; (c) the time spent performing the migration is greater than or equal to the time spent using the old framework in all studied projects. We conclude with a list of implications for practitioners, framework developers, tool builders, and researchers.
Hohe Ladung trifft dünne Schicht
Authors: Wilhelm Richard A. 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungIn zweidimensionalen Materialien können hochgeladene Ionen durch Ladungsaustausch Energie deponieren und die freitragenden Schichten strukturieren. Die Grundlagen und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten des dabei eingesetzten Interatomaren Coulomb‐Zerfalls (ICD) werden beschrieben.
Draft genome and description of Waterburya agarophytonicola gen. nov. sp. nov. (Pleurocapsales, Cyanobacteria): a seaweed symbiont
Authors: Bonthond Guido , Shalygin Sergei , Bayer Till , Weinberger Florian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work introduces Waterburya agarophytonicola Bonthond and Shalygin gen. nov., sp. nov, a baeocyte producing cyanobacterium that was isolated from the rhodophyte Agarophyton vermiculophyllum (Ohmi) Gurgel et al., an invasive seaweed that has spread across the northern hemisphere. The new species genome reveals a diverse repertoire of chemotaxis and adhesion related genes, including genes coding for type IV pili assembly proteins and a high number of genes coding for filamentous hemagglutinin family (FHA) proteins. Among a genetic basis for the synthesis of siderophores, carotenoids and numerous vitamins, W. agarophytonicola is potentially capable of producing cobalamin (vitamin B12), for which A. vermiculophyllum is an auxotroph. With a taxonomic description of the genus and species and a draft genome, this study provides as a basis for future research, to uncover the nature of this geographically independent association between seaweed and cyanobiont.
A Framework for Authentic Ethical Decision Making in the Face of Grand Challenges: A Lonerganian Gradation
Authors: Larres Patricia , Kelly Martin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper contributes to the contemporary business ethics narrative by proposing an approach to corporate ethical decision making (EDM) which serves as an alternative to the imposition of codes and standards to address the ethical consequences of grand challenges, like COVID-19, which are impacting today’s society. Our alternative approach to EDM embraces the concept of reflexive thinking and ethical consciousness among the individual agents who collectively are the corporation and who make ethical decisions, often in isolation, removed from the collocated corporate setting. We draw on the teachings of the Canadian philosopher and theologian, Fr. Bernard Lonergan, to conceptualize an approach to EDM which focuses on the ethics of the corporate agent by nurturing the universal and invariant structure that is operational in all human beings. Embracing Lonergan’s dynamic cognitive structure of human knowing, and the structure of the human good, we advance a paradigm of EDM in business which emboldens authentic ethical thought, decision making, and action commensurate with virtuous living and germane to human flourishing. Lonergan’s philosophy guides us away from the imposition of over-arching corporate codes of ethics and inspires us, as individual agents, to attend to the data of our own consciousness in our ethical decision making. Such cognitional endowment leads us out of the ethics of the ‘timeless present’ (Islam and Greenwood in Journal of Business Ethics 170: 1–4, 2021) towards ethical authenticity in business, leaving us better placed to reflect upon and address the ethical issues emanating from grand challenges like COVID-19.
A Qualitative Study on How Perceptions of Environmental Changes are Linked to Migration in Morocco, Senegal, and DR Congo
Authors: Van Praag Lore , Lietaer Samuel , Michellier Caroline 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnvironmental migration is a growing concern of academics and policymakers, who foresee a rise in the number of such migrants. However, most prevailing academic and policy discourses ignore the variety of perceptions of environmental changes among people living in highly affected areas across the world. We examine the perceptions of environmental changes and how these are seen to be relevant to migration in Senegal, DR Congo, and Morocco. In total, we conducted 410 interviews with people living in two regions in each of these countries. Results indicate differences in the perception of environmental changes across regions, gender, education, and livelihoods. The economic activities of individuals determine exposure and sensitivity to environmental changes, while educational levels increase familiarity with prevailing environmental discourses and policies. Despite country-specific and regional differences across research sites, few people perceived environmental factors as directly related to their own or family members’ migration projects.
Pilot scale photobioreactor system for land-based macroalgae cultivation
Authors: Schmitz Tonia Annick , Kraft Eckhard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMarine macroalgae such as Ulva intestinalis have promising properties as feedstock for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, since the quantity and quality of naturally grown algae vary widely, their exploitability is reduced – especially for producers in high-priced markets. Moreover, the expansion of marine or shore-based cultivation systems is unlikely in Europe, since promising sites either lie in fishing zones, recreational areas, or natural reserves. The aim was therefore to develop a closed photobioreactor system enabling full control of abiotic environmental parameters and an effective reconditioning of the cultivation medium in order to produce marine macroalgae at sites distant from the shore. To assess the feasibility and functionality of the chosen technological concept, a prototypal plant has been implemented in central Germany – a site distant from the sea. Using a newly developed, submersible LED light source, cultivation experiments with Ulva intestinalis led to growth rates of 7.72 ± 0.04 % day−1 in a cultivation cycle of 28 days. Based on the space demand of the production system, this results in fresh mass productivity of 3.0 kg m−2, respectively, of 1.1 kg m−2 per year. Also considering the ratio of biomass to energy input amounting to 2.76 g kWh−1, significant future improvements of the developed photobioreactor system should include the optimization of growth parameters, and the reduction of the system’s overall energy demand.
The Role of Predictability During Negation Processing in Truth-Value Judgment Tasks
Authors: Rück Franziska , Dudschig Carolin , Mackenzie Ian G. , Vogt Anne , Leuthold Hartmut , Kaup Barbara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn experiments investigating the processing of true and false negative sentences, it is often reported that polarity interacts with truth-value, in the sense that true sentences lead to faster reaction times than false sentences in affirmative conditions whereas the same does not hold for negative sentences. Various reasons for this difference between affirmative and negative sentences have been discussed in the literature (e.g., lexical associations, predictability, ease of comparing sentence and world). In the present study, we excluded lexical associations as a potential influencing factor. Participants saw artificial visual worlds (e.g., a white square and a black circle) and corresponding sentences (i.e., “The square/circle is (not) white”). The results showed a clear effect of truth-value for affirmative sentences (true faster than false) but not for negative sentences. This result implies that the well-known truth-value-by-polarity interaction cannot solely be due to long-term lexical associations. Additional predictability manipulations allowed us to also rule out an explanatory account that attributes the missing truth-value effect for negative sentences to low predictability. We also discuss the viability of an informativeness account.
Engines of Patriarchy: Ethical Artificial Intelligence in Times of Illiberal Backlash Politics
Authors: Schopmans Hendrik , Cupać Jelena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent years, concerns over the risks posed by artificial intelligence (AI) have mounted. In response, international organizations (IOs) have begun to translate the emerging consensus on the need for ethical AI into concrete international rules and standards. While the path toward effective AI governance faces many challenges, this essay shifts attention to an obstacle that has received little attention so far: the growing illiberal backlash in IOs. Prompted by Poland's recent rejection of a European position on AI due to the document's mention of “gender equality,” we argue that Poland followed a strategy that illiberal actors now regularly employ in IOs. To combat gender norms and women's rights across issue areas, illiberal contesters first identify the progressive language in international documents and then threaten to veto those documents—unless such language is watered down or removed. This spoiling strategy, we argue, may not only lead to the compromising of fundamental human rights norms but may also prevent much needed rules for AI from being adopted altogether. Against this background, we urge scholars and practitioners concerned with AI ethics to pay closer attention to illiberal backlash politics. IOs are emerging as spaces where progressive AI rules and standards are increasingly contested—and where they need to be defended to safeguard fundamental rights in an age of rapid technological change.
Are States under a Prospective Duty to Create and Maintain Militaries?
Authors: Dobos Ned 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSuppose it is foreseeable that you will soon encounter a drowning child, whom you will only be able to rescue if you learn to swim. In this scenario we might think that you have a “prospective duty” to take swimming lessons given that this will be necessary to perform the future rescue. Cécile Fabre argues that, by parity of reasoning, states have a prospective duty to build and maintain military establishments. My argument in this essay pulls in the opposite direction. First, I emphasize that learning to swim is only a prospective duty under very specific circumstances. Normally there is no such duty; hence, we do not normally think that people deserve moral censure for choosing to forego swimming lessons. I then argue that, similarly, while a prospective duty to build a military can arise under some conceivable circumstances, these are not the circumstances that most states today find themselves in. I then suggest a more fitting domestic analogy to guide our thinking about this issue: Maintaining a standing army is less like learning to swim and more like keeping an assault weapon in the home “just in case.” This analogy supports a defeasible presumption against militarization.
War Crimes and the Asymmetry Myth
Authors: Coady C. A. J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe “asymmetry myth” is that war crimes are committed by one's enemies but never, or hardly ever, by one's own combatants. The myth involves not only a common failure to acknowledge our own actual war crimes but also inadequate reactions when we are forced to recognize them. It contributes to the high likelihood that wars, just or unjust in their causes, will have a high moral cost. This cost, moreover, is a matter needing consideration in the jus ante bellum circumstances of preparedness for war as well as of conduct within it. As part of the symposium on Ned Dobos's book, Ethics, Security, and the War-Machine, I will argue that the strength of the asymmetry myth is sustained by certain forms of romantic nationalism linked to the glamorization of military endeavor.
Justice between Wars
Authors: Rodin David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOne way to tell the story of contemporary ethics of war is as a gradual expansion of the period of time to which theorists attend in relation to war, from ad bellum and in bello to post bellum and ex bello. Ned Dobos, in his new book, Ethics, Security, and the War-Machine, invites us to expand this attention further to the period between wars, which he calls jus ante bellum. In this essay, I explore two significant implications of this shift in normative focus. First, I argue that it opens up an important and productive field of the ethics of military policy-making outside of conflict, including procurement, training, force posture, and military diplomacy. Second, I argue that attending to the relationship between ante bellum and ad bellum considerations contains the seeds of a powerful pacifist argument.
Enhanced Biodegradation of Dissolved Organic Carbon in the Western Boundary Kuroshio Current When Intruded to the Marginal South China Sea
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Wu Kai , Gu Shuai , Jiang Peng , Li Huifang , Liu Zhanfei , Dai Minhan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe advective supply of allochthonous dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from open ocean to marginal seas through western boundary current intrusion influences the regional carbon inventory and microbial activities. However, there is limited observation about this process and its biogeochemical impacts on marginal seas. In this study, we investigated the biodegradation of allochthonous DOC carried by the intrusion of the Kuroshio Current into South China Sea (SCS). Using an isopycnal mixing model, the exchange and biodegradation processes of Kuroshio‐intruded DOC were quantified. We estimated that approximately 10% of the surface DOC was remineralized due to the enhanced biodegradation in the SCS. This result was supported by the on‐deck bioassay experiments that were conducted under different environmental contexts. The results of modeling and on‐deck incubations indicate that DOC biodegradation was enhanced by the sharp gradient of environment factors, including nutrients supply, microbial species, and bio‐lability of DOC in the frontal zone during the surface water mass mixing. The amount of carbon released from the enhanced DOC degradation by Kuroshio intrusion was estimated to be approximately equal to 8.6 Tg C yr−1. Concomitantly, the amount of nitrogen released could contribute 0.19–0.70 mmol N m−2 d−1 to the surface of SCS which is comparable to the total supply from deeper water and nitrogen fixation in surface waters. This study suggests that the enhanced biodegradation of DOC during the western boundary currents intrusion could serve as an important sink of oceanic DOC, and thus provide an additional nutrient source to marginal seas.