bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Biology of LRRK2 and its Interaction with Microtubules
Authors: Leschziner Andres E. , Reck‐Peterson Samara L. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTMutations in leucine rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are a major cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD) and a risk factor for its sporadic form. LRRK2 hyperactivity has also been reported in sporadic PD, making LRRK2 an appealing target for PD small‐molecule therapeutics. At a cellular level, increasing evidence suggests that LRRK2 regulates membrane trafficking. Under some conditions LRRK2 also associates with microtubules, the cellular tracks used by dynein and kinesin motors to move membranes. At a structural level, however, relatively little was known about LRRK2. An important step toward bridging this gap took place last year with the publication of structures of LRRK2's cytosolic and microtubule‐bound forms. Here, we review the main findings from these studies and discuss what we see as the major challenges going forward with a focus on areas that will require structural information. We also introduce the structural techniques—cryo‐electron microscopy and cryo‐electron tomography—that were instrumental to solving the structures of LRRK2. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Current reused CMOS RF‐DAC for IoT applications
Authors: Jeong Gwanghyeon , Hong Songcheol 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA current reused CMOS RF‐DAC with complementary current control, quadrature LO chain, and adaptive body injection mixer is presented in 0.18‐μm bulk CMOS process. The complementary current control leads to achieve good linearity by reducing the variation of output impedance. The proposed quadrature LO chain can achieve accurate signals in a wideband with constant amplitude and exact phase. The body injection mixer is implemented with simple high‐k resistor. It is measured with 5 and 5.3 GHz continuous‐wave (CW) signal, respectively. The measured constellation has 1024 points with constant current consumption of 73 mA.
Radium-223 Plus Enzalutamide Versus Enzalutamide in Metastatic Castration-Refractory Prostate Cancer: Final Safety and Efficacy Results
Authors: Maughan Benjamin L. , Kessel Adam , McFarland Taylor Ryan , Sayegh Nicolas , Nussenzveig Roberto , Hahn Andrew W. , Hoffman John M. , Morton Kathyrn , Sirohi Deepika , Kohli Manish , Swami Umang , Boucher Kenneth , Haaland Benjamin , Agarwal Neeraj 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Lessons Learned

Background
Previously, we showed the combination of radium-223 and enzalutamide to be safe and associated with improved efficacy based on a concomitant decline in serum bone metabolism markers compared with enzalutamide alone in a phase II trial of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) [1].

Methods
Secondary endpoints were not included in our initial report, and we include them herein, after a median follow-up of 22 months. These objectives included long-term safety, prostate-specific antigen (PSA)–progression-free survival (PFS), and radiographic progression-free survival; PSA-PFS2 (time from start of protocol therapy to PSA progression on subsequent therapy); time to next therapy (TTNT); and overall survival (OS). Survival analysis and log-rank tests were performed using the R statistical package v.4.0.2 (https://www.r-project.org). Statistical significance was defined as p &lt; .05.

Results
Of 47 patients (median age, 68 years), 35 received the combination and 12 enzalutamide alone. After a median follow-up of 22 months, final safety results did not show any increase in fractures or other adverse events in the combination arm. PSA-PFS2 was significantly improved, and other efficacy parameters were numerically improved in the combination over the enzalutamide arm.

Conclusion
The combination of enzalutamide and radium-223 was found to be safe and associated with promising efficacy in men with mCRPC. These hypothesis-generating results portend well for the ongoing phase III PEACE III trial in this setting.
Advanced Laser Technology for Quantum Communications (Tutorial Review)
Authors: Paraïso Taofiq K. , Woodward Robert I. , Marangon Davide G. , Lovic Victor , Yuan Zhiliang , Shields Andrew J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractQuantum communications is the art of exchanging and manipulating information beyond the capabilities of the conventional technologies using the laws of quantum mechanics. With applications ranging from quantum computing to cryptographic systems with information‐theoretic security, there is strong incentive to introduce quantum communications into many areas of the society. However, an important challenge is to develop viable technologies meeting the stringent requirements of low noise and high coherence for quantum state encoding, of high bit rate and low power for the integration with classical communication networks, and of scalable and low‐cost production for a practical wide‐deployment. This tutorial presents recent advances in laser modulation technologies that have enabled the development of efficient and versatile light sources for quantum communications, with a particular focus on quantum key distribution (QKD). Such approaches have been successfully used to demonstrate several QKD protocols with state‐of‐the‐art performance. The applications and experimental results are reviewed and interpreted in the light of a complete theoretical background, allowing the reader to model and simulate such sources.
Rare cis‐Dioxido Uranyl Framework Crystalline Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, Characterization and Properties
Authors: Qiao. Xue‐Yi , Wang. Yang , You. Zi‐Xin , Wang Chen , Xing Yong‐Heng , Bai Feng‐Ying , Xian Sun Li 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe trans‐dioxido uranyl frameworks named as [(UO2)(Aip)(DMA)] (1), H[(UO2)(Aib)3] (2) and rare cis‐dioxido [(UO2)Co(Suc)2(H2O)4] (3), and [(UO2)Ni(Suc)2(H2O)4] (4) have been synthesized, which based on 5‐aminoisophthalic acid (H2Aip), 3‐aminobenzoic acid (HAib), and succinic acid (H2Suc) as ligands. They were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectra, UV‐vis absorption spectra, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, powder X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetry analysis. It was found that uranium ion of the complex 1 is in the pentagonal bipyramidal coordination environment, while those of the complexes 2–4 are in the hexagonal bipyramidal coordination environment. Complexes 1, 3, and 4 are 3D network structures, 2 is a discrete structure. In particular, geometry of O=U=O for 1 and 2 are trans, ones for 3 and 4 are cis. The highest removal rate of methylene blue was almost to 96 % by complex 1 as an adsorbent, which illustrates that potential application on dye adsorption.
Research on Multi‐morphology Evolution of MoS2 in Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Zang Lingyu , Chen Long , Tan Dongchen , Cao Xuguang , Sun Nan , Jiang Chengming 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to the special structure and excellent performance, the two‐dimensional mono‐layer MoS2 has received extensive attention in recent years. However, due to technical limitations, the morphology of the synthesized MoS2 is unstable. In the CVD process, at least four morphologies of MoS2 are grown on a piece of SiO2/Si substrate. Here, we discuss the reasons for the formation of different MoS2 morphologies via the experiments and the M‐CV model. Then a possible morphology evolution mechanism is proposed. Research on the relationship among the flow rate, concentration and morphology shows that in the middle of the substrate, CVD is more stable and can produce high‐quality mono‐layer MoS2 films. It provides mechanism guidance for improving the stability of CVD and generating the large‐size mono‐layer MoS2 films.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Symmetrical Antioxidant Chicoric Acid in DMSO: Is this a Sequential or a Simultaneous 2ECE Mechanism?
Authors: Astudillo‐Sánchez Pablo D. , Enrique J. Soriano‐Castillo M. S. , Manzanilla Brenda , Rocha‐Ortiz Gilberto , Trujano‐Ortiz Lidia G. , Matus Myrna H. , Domínguez Zaira , Salas‐Reyes Magali 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChicoric acid (ChA) is present in various plants, and it is known to have interesting biological properties, e. g., antioxidant activity. In this work, a detailed analysis of the electrochemical oxidation mechanism ofL‐(ChA) in DMSO on glassy carbon is reported, for the first time. Since geometry optimization of ChA using Density Functional Theory, confirms aC2symmetry, three mechanistic routes involving electron transfers (E) and deprotonation reactions (C) were proposed for the simulation work: 1) EECCEECC, 2) ECECECEC, and 3) two simultaneous 2(ECE) steps. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the electrochemical and chemical steps were estimated by fitting the voltammetric simulation with the experimental voltammograms at different scan rates. Results showed that only the ECECECEC mechanism presented an adequate fitting with respect to experimental voltammograms. Homogeneous kinetic constants were close to a diffusion‐limited process (ca. 1×1010 M−1 s−1, for bimolecular reactions) and equilibrium constants, within the range of 1.5–12.0.
New Hybrid Fe‐based MOFs/Polymer Composites for the Photodegradation of Organic Dyes
Authors: Brahmi Chaima , Benltifa Mahmoud , Vaulot Cyril , Michelin Laure , Dumur Frédéric , Gkaniatsou Effrosyni , Sicard Clémence , Airoudj Aissam , Morlet‐Savary Fabrice , Bousselmi Latifa , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMetals Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are promising crystalline, embrittled materials generally produced in powdering form with varied remarkably functionalities. In contrary, polymers are flexible and processable materials. Therefore, obtaining shaped solids gathering polymer malleability and MOFs properties such as their photocatalytic activities, have attracted many researchers’ attention. This work, reports the successful fruitful incorporation of two different Fe‐based MOFs into a polymer matrix via a facile and cheap photopolymerization process upon mild visible light irradiation at 405 nm. The as‐prepared photocomposites display excellent stability and photocatalytic performance for several Acid Black degradation cycles. Hence, approximatively, 95 % of this model dye is decomposed by the two MIL‐100(Fe)/polymer and MIL‐88 A(Fe)/polymer composites under just 30 min of UV‐Visible lamp irradiation. Incorporation of the MOFs into the polymer is confirmed by several techniques including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy‐Dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X‐ Ray Diffraction analysis (DRX), Fourier‐Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, these photocatalysts exhibit a high thermal stability, excellent rigidity and low band gap energy characterized by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and UV‐Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, respectively.
A Novel Electrochemical Immunosensor For Sulfadimidine Detection Based On Staphylococcal Protein A−AuNPs/Ag−GO−Nf Modified Electrode[]**
Authors: Wang Aiping , Zhang Chenyang , You Xiaojuan , Zhou Jingming , Chen Yumei , Liang Chao , Ma Dongdong , Liu Dan , Zhang Gaiping 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSulfadimidine (SM2) is a kind of synthetic sulfadiazine antibiotics. Excessive use of SM2 in animal breeding can lead to animal‐derived food residues, which will bring potential risks to human health. Herein, a sensitive label‐free electrochemical immunosensor using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as redox probe was developed for the specific detection of SM2. Firstly, the Ag−GO nanocomposites were prepared by in‐situ reduction of AgNPs on graphene oxide (GO) surface with glucose. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were reduced on the surface of Ag−GO nanocomposites by permanent electrodeposition. Staphylococcal protein A (SPA) was dripped onto the AuNPs modified electrode to absorb antibody (anti‐SM2). Herein, GO provided a large surface area for assembling a large number of AgNPs with redox activity. AuNPs were used to immobilize SPA and amplify the electrochemical signal. In addition, SPA with antibody targeting function was introduced to improve the efficiency of immune response. Under optimal conditions, the label‐free immunosensor showed a linear range of 63 pg/mL to 20 ng/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 3 pg/mL (S/N=3). Finally, the developed method showed excellent performance in practical application, which provided a promising possibility for the detection of other veterinary drug residues in animal derived food.
Vanadium Metaphosphate V(PO3)3 Derived from V‐MOF as a Novel Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Qingmeng , Du Jiakai , Chai Jiali , Han Ning , Zhang Wei , Tang Bohejin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectrode material is a decisive component that affects the overall performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Therefore, many researchers are committed to developing electrode materials with better performance. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) can provide a metal source for phosphate synthesis due to its composition. In this work, a new conversion anode material, vanadium (III) metaphosphate V(PO3)3, is successfully prepared by adding red phosphorus into the synthesized V‐MOF and calcination. V(PO3)3 can reach a high initial discharge capacity of 1068 mA h g−1 and a high reversible capacity of 475 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Remarkably, the reversible capacity of 430 mA h g−1 was still maintained after the current density returned from 2000 to 100 mA g−1.
Interaction of Grafted Dextrin with a Hematite Surface: Effect of Functional Groups and Molecular Weight
Authors: Saha Biswajit , Patra Abhay S. , Biswas Arijit , Mukherjee Asim K. , Paul Indrajit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReactive force field (ReaxFF) based molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the interaction nature of grafted dextrin with hematite. Nature of interaction further explained by doing periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. It was observed that in presence of moisture, the polymer adsorbed on the hematite surface via hydrogen bond formation mediated by water. Upon heating, the interfacial water evaporated and boding interactions with the surface was were established. The oxygens present in the polymer backbone also took part in bonding interactions in addition to −COOH, −OH and −COOCH3 functional groups. The binding energies were estimated as −35.8 (Dextrin), −42.6 (Dextrin grafted with polyacrylic acid) and −38.0 kcal/mol (Dextrin grafted with polyacrylic acid and poly (methyl acrylate)) which indicated chemisorption and effect of molecular weight. Grafted dextrin, having higher molecular weight exhibited stronger interaction and it is anticipated that it will have better thermal stability. Binding energy estimated from DFT calculations as −34.8 kcal/mol. DFT charge density difference calculation showed that the oxygen present in the ring polymer structure also interacted with Fe d‐orbitals.
The invention performance implications of coopetition: How technological, geographical, and product market overlaps shape learning and competitive tension in R&D alliances
Authors: Runge Steffen , Schwens Christian , Schulz Matthias 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryWe examine how technological, geographical, and product market overlaps between a firm and its alliance partner influence the firm's invention performance by shaping the learning and competitive tension in an R&D alliance. Drawing on research on learning in alliances and competitive dynamics, we argue that the firm's invention performance is influenced positively by technological and geographical overlaps and negatively by product market overlap. We further argue that product market overlap negatively moderates the positive relationships between technological and geographical overlaps and the firm's invention performance. Testing our theory on a dataset of 215 R&D alliances provides support for most of our hypotheses. We discuss how our theory and findings enrich coopetition and alliance research.Managerial SummaryProminent R&D alliances, such as between BioNtech and Pfizer or Samsung and Sony, typify coopetition—the collaboration between competing firms. In this context of coopetition, we study how a firm's invention performance is influenced by the technological, geographical, and product market overlaps it has with its R&D alliance partner. Empirical results from a sample of 215 R&D alliances formed between U.S. pharmaceutical firms confirm our theory that product market overlap is distinct from the other types of overlap: it changes the thrust of the alliance from joint value creation toward private value appropriation. This way, product market overlap not only decreases a firm's invention performance, but also weakens the positive impacts of technological and geographical overlaps on a firm's invention performance.
Round robin test to compare flexural strength test methods for steel fiber‐reinforced sprayed concretes
Authors: Youn‐Čale Bou‐Young , Plückelmann Sven , Breitenbücher Rolf 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAccording to the current European standard EN 14487‐1 (residual) flexural strengths of steel fiber‐reinforced sprayed concrete are determined by performing a four‐point bending test on beams according to EN 14488‐3. Controversial to this test method, a three‐point bending test on notched square panels is recommended by EFNARC. According to EFNARC, one substantial advantage of this test method is the minor scattering of the test results. Against this background, a round robin test was performed at European level. The aim was to investigate the comparability and correlation on the one hand, on the other hand to assess the precision of both test methods. The results shall provide initial pointers for the classification of the residual strengths for steel fiber‐reinforced sprayed concrete with two different test methods. The results showed that the scattering of the residual strengths is marginally smaller with the test method on panels in comparison to the test method on beams. As a result, a slightly higher precision was achieved. Therefore, the EFNARC test shall be included as an alternative test procedure in EN 14487‐1 in future.
Pregnancy outcome after in‐vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection in women with congenital uterus didelphys
Authors: Cai P. , Ouyang Y. , Lin G. , Peng Y. , Qin J. , Li X. , Gong F. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the pregnancy and obstetric outcomes of patients with congenital uterus didelphys who achieved clinical pregnancy after in‐vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).MethodsThis was a retrospective matched‐cohort study of 83 infertile patients with uterus didelphys who underwent IVF/ICSI and achieved clinical pregnancy from January 2005 to December 2018 at our center. For each patient in the study group, three control patients with normal uterine morphology who underwent IVF/ICSI in 2018 were selected randomly. Patients in the two groups were matched for number of gestational sacs, maternal age, infertility type, cause of infertility, fertilization method, endometrial thickness 1 day before embryo transfer and number of embryos transferred. The classification of congenital uterine anomalies was based on the American Fertility Society system (1988). The pregnancy and obstetric outcomes of the didelphic and control groups were compared separately for singleton and twin pregnancies, and for all pregnancies combined.ResultsIn singleton pregnancies, women with uterus didelphys had increased risk of preterm birth (odds ratio (OR), 4.68; rate difference (RD), 0.14; P < 0.001), Cesarean section (OR, 2.80; RD, 0.17; P = 0.016) and birth weight < 2500 g (OR, 4.06; RD, 0.10; P = 0.017) compared to women with normal uterine morphology. In twin pregnancies, the presence of uterus didelphys was associated with increased risk of preterm delivery (OR, 4.79; RD, 0.37; P = 0.006), perinatal mortality (OR, 3.16; RD, 0.19; P = 0.043) and birth weight < 2500 g (OR, 9.57; RD, 0.35; P = 0.001).ConclusionsThe presence of uterus didelphys was associated with significantly increased risk of some adverse pregnancy outcomes compared to pregnancies with normal uterine morphology in women who underwent IVF/ICSI. A twin pregnancy in women with uterus didelphys was associated with worse perinatal outcome. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
HPPMS tool coatings: Chip formation and friction
Authors: Bobzin K. , Brögelmann T. , Kruppe N.C. , Carlet M. , Hoffmann D.C. , Breidenstein B. , Krödel A. , Beblein S. 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungHPPMS‐Werkzeugbeschichtungen: Spanbildung und ReibungIn der vorliegenden Studie wurden drei verschiedene mittels HPPMS abgeschiedene Verschleißschutzschichten – CrAlN+Mo:S, CrAlON und TiAlCrSiN – mit einem speziellen Hobelversuchsaufbau untersucht. Dabei wurden die Kontaktlänge zwischen Span und Spanfläche, die Spandicke und der Reibungskoeffizient beim Hobeln gleichzeitige gemessen. Anhand von Hochgeschwindigkeitsaufnahmen können die Prozesskräfte und die Spanbildung analysiert werden. Der Einfluss der Beschichtung auf Kontaktlänge, Spandicke und Reibungskoeffizienten beim Hobeln sowie der Einfluss der Schnittgeschwindigkeit wurden bestimmt. Das CrAlON‐beschichtete Werkzeug zeigte im Vergleich zu den CrAlN+Mo:S‐ und TiAlCrSiN‐beschichteten Werkzeugen bei allen untersuchten Schnittgeschwindigkeiten eine geringere Adhäsionsneigung gegenüber dem Stahlwerkstück. Dies verhindert adhäsiven Verschleiß und reduziert die Reibung, wodurch die Spandicke beim Hobeln verringert wird. Außerdem zeigte das CrAlON‐beschichtete Werkzeug eine reduzierte Kontaktlänge. Eine verringerte Reibung und eine reduzierte Kontaktlänge gehen in der Regel mit einer verringerten thermischen Werkzeugbelastung einher und verbessern somit die Schnittleistung.
Characterization of Minimizers of Aviles–Giga Functionals in Special Domains
Authors: Marconi Elio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe consider the singularly perturbed problem$$F_\varepsilon (u,\Omega ):=\int _\Omega \varepsilon |\nabla ^2u|^2 + \varepsilon ^{-1}|1-|\nabla u|^2|^2$$Fε(u,Ω):=∫Ωε|∇2u|2+ε-1|1-|∇u|2|2on bounded domains$$\Omega \subset {\mathbb {R}}^2$$Ω⊂R2. Under appropriate boundary conditions, we prove that if$$\Omega $$Ωis an ellipse, then the minimizers of$$F_\varepsilon (\cdot ,\Omega )$$Fε(·,Ω)converge to the viscosity solution of the eikonal equation$$|\nabla u|=1$$|∇u|=1as$$\varepsilon \rightarrow 0$$ε→0.