bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of using home-based dynamic intermittent pneumatic compression therapy during periods of physical activity on functional and vascular health outcomes in chronic stroke: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Faulkner James , Paine Eloise , Hudson Nick , Hannah Scott , Dennis-Jones Amy , Martinelli Louis , Hobbs Helen 
Published: February 2025

Background
Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) therapy may benefit stroke patients by eliciting more intensive training sessions that may result in better health, mobility and ultimately quality of life. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to assess the effect of using a home-based IPC device on functional outcomes and vascular health in individuals with chronic stroke.

Methods
Thirty-one stroke survivors (64.3 ± 14.3y; 4.3 ± 2.7y since stroke) completed pre- and post-intervention assessments of functional capacity (six-minute walk test [6MWT], timed-up-and-go, 10m walk test), vascular health (pulse wave analysis, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity), and physical activity. Following the pre-assessment, individuals were randomly assigned to either a daily, 12-week, home-based IPC group, or to a usual care control (CON) group. Outcomes were assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), controlling for age and any baseline differences.

Results
Following ANCOVA, a significant increase in 6MWT walking distance was observed post-assessment for the IPC (Mean ±  SD [95%CI]; 188 ±  19 m [177–199m]) but not the CON group (167 ±  19 m [157–178m]) (p <  0.05). A significant reduction in peripheral systolic blood pressure was reported at the post-assessment for the IPC group (136.2 ±  8.0 mmHg [131.9–140.4 mmHg]) but not for CON (142.2 ±  8.0 mmHg [138.1–144.6 mmHg]) (p <  0.05). Similar findings were observed for central systolic blood pressure. Physical activity levels significantly increased at the post-assessment for IPC (1857 ±  879 MET·min−1·week−1 [1390–2325 MET·min−1·week−1]) but not for the CON group (1161 ± 879 MET·min−1·week−1 [677–1645 MET·min−1·week−1]), while for time spent sitting, a significantly greater reduction was observed at the post-assessment for the IPC group (396 ±  86 mins [350–442 mins]) compared to CON (486 ± 86 mins [439–534 mins]) (both p <  0.05).

Conclusions
The observed improvements in functional mobility, cardiovascular health, increased physical activity and reduced sedentary time demonstrates important clinical implications of ‘home-based’ IPC therapy as a clinical training aid for stroke rehabilitation. Home-based IPC therapy could serve as an adjunct to conventional rehabilitation, however, further research is needed to determine whether IPC therapy can sustain or improve function over time for individuals in the chronic stage of recovery.
Intervalos de referencia de parámetros hematológicos en población chilena adulta y en la etnia mapuche
Authors: Letelier Pablo J. , Chicahual Carolina A. , Arroyo Nicolás F. , Monsalves Daniel P. , Boguen Rodrigo E. , Guzmán Neftalí H. 
Published: February 2025

Resumen

Objetivos
Los intervalos de referencia (IR) son una herramienta esencial para apoyar la toma de decisiones clínicas. Estos pueden presentar variaciones intra e interindividuales asociadas a diferencias genéticas y factores medioambientales. Dado que la población de Chile está compuesta por múltiples grupos étnicos, estas variables adquieren aún mayor relevancia. El objetivo del presente estudio es establecer IR para diferentes parámetros hematológicos en la población chilena y la etnia mapuche.

Métodos
Se seleccionó una muestra de 356 adultos (entre 18 y 65 años), de los cuales 146 pertenecían a la etnia mapuche, utilizando el método indirecto a posteriori a partir de la base de datos del laboratorio clínico UC Temuco. El análisis se realizó considerando el sexo y la etnia. Los valores atípicos se detectaron mediante la prueba de Tukey, mientras que los IR se establecieron aplicando el método no paramétrico recomendado por la IFCC.

Resultados
La mediana de edad de la muestra global de la población general fue de 35 años en mujeres y 36 años en hombres. Se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05) por sexo en los parámetros dependientes de la hemoglobina y del recuento de plaquetas. En el análisis por etnicidad, se observaron diferencias significativas en el recuento de glóbulos rojos, hemoglobina y hematocrito (p<0,0001).

Conclusiones
Este estudio demuestra que los intervalos de referencia hematológicos varían según el sexo y la etnicidad, lo cual debería ser considerado en una población multiétnica. Este hallazgo contribuye a un mejor conocimiento de las características individuales de cada persona, facilitando una interpretación clínica más precisa.
Galen’s Typology of Organs
Authors: Ezrokhi Dmitry , Lewis Orly 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper examines Galen’s insistence that the stomach and heart, despite their anatomical and physiological similarities to muscles, are not muscles. Through analyzing key passages in Galen’s works, we show that this claim is rooted in a consistent tripartite distinction between organs: Psychic Moving Organs (muscles), Natural Moving Organs (e.g. stomach, heart), and Natural Immobile Organs (e.g. liver, kidneys). We argue that this classification is grounded in anatomical differences between flesh and fiber that Galen deems salient enough to support further physiological explanations and corroborate his philosophical-psychological commitments. By tracing the empirical foundations and theoretical motivations for these distinctions, we shed light on the relationship between Galen’s anatomical practices and his physiology and psychology.
Proofs of two conjectures involving sums of normalized Narayana numbers
Authors: Goldman Ron , Simeonov Plamen , Zafiris Vasilis 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Narayana numbers are well-known and have many applications in the field of combinatorics. The Narayana numbers form a triangular array, where the sum of the nth row is the nth Catalan number. Here we normalize the Narayana numbers by dividing each entry in the nth row by the nth Catalan number. Now each row of these normalized Narayana numbers defines a discrete probability distribution. We investigate two new properties of these normalized Narayana numbers: instead of summing along the rows, we derive the limit of the sums along the columns and the limit of the sums along the short diagonals.
Navigating nephropathy and nephrotoxicity: understanding pathophysiology unveiling clinical manifestations, and exploring treatment approaches
Authors: Javed Aysha , Mahmood Tarique , Tiwari Reshu , Ahsan Farogh , Ansari Vaseem Ahamad , Bano Shahzadi , Uzzam Khan Mohd Masih , Khan Anas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nephropathy and nephrotoxicity are significant causes of renal impairment, with both conditions contributing to a substantial global healthcare burden. Nephropathy encompasses a range of kidney diseases, including glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy, and polycystic kidney disease, each with distinct pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical manifestations. Nephrotoxicity, often induced by environmental toxins or medications, can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI) or chronic kidney disease (CKD) if not properly managed. Understanding the underlying processes and risk factors for kidney damage is crucial to preventing and treating these conditions effectively. However, while considerable research exists on each of these topics, there remains a gap in integrated knowledge regarding the diverse pathophysiological pathways, the role of early detection, and the optimal management strategies for nephropathy and nephrotoxicity. While substantial research has been conducted on nephropathy and nephrotoxicity, there remains a year gap in fully understanding the diverse mechanisms of kidney damage across different etiologies and their long-term implications for renal health. This work aimed to fill this gap by synthesizing current research on the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment approaches for both nephropathy and nephrotoxicity. Major findings highlight the importance of early detection through biomarkers, the need for vigilant monitoring of renal function, and the role of avoiding nephrotoxic agents in both medical and environmental contexts. The paper also emphasizes the critical role of individualized treatment approaches, including the careful use of medications to prevent drug-induced nephropathy.
Catalytic synthesis of DHHB over home-made catalysts and its kinetic calculations
Authors: Hui-Fen Xin , Bai-Cheng Feng , Jin-Bo Wu , Ri-Hong Liu , Rong Qu , Yan Jin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
DHHB (n-hexyl 2-(4-N,N-diethylamino-2-hydroxybenzoyl) benzoate) is a recently developed UV absorber that demonstrates a high degree of safety, excellent efficiency, and favorable solubility properties. In this paper a catalyst was prepared to catalyze the esterification of DHHB with homemade sulfonic acid modified polystyrene microspheres coated with silica instead of conventional H2SO4. And the catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The effects of different conditions on the reaction rate and equilibrium conversion were also investigated using conventional H2SO4 as a benchmark. The results showed that the catalytic activity of the catalyst did not decrease significantly after 10 consecutive cycles, and the yield of DHHB could reach 90.21 % after 2 h of reaction at 150 °C. Meanwhile, The kinetic experimental data obtained were correlated using a proposed homogeneous phase model. The synthesis of DHHB is a heat-absorbing reaction with heat of reaction and activation energies of 4.6537 kJ/mol, 43.2157 kJ/mol and 37.5735 kJ/mol for the forward and reverse reactions, respectively. It was verified that the proposed homogeneous reaction kinetic model accurately described the kinetic processes of the DHHB esterification reaction.
The myth of meaning: generative AI as language-endowed machines and the machinic essence of the human being
Authors: Paolucci Claudio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article explores the intersection of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and human cognition through semiotics, proposing that generative AI offers a lens through which the essence of human being is revealed and through which semiotic enunciation and meaning can be radically reevaluated. Drawing on semiotic, philosophical, and neurodevelopmental frameworks, it argues that generative AI, as exemplified by language-endowed systems like ChatGPT and others, challenges traditional notions of meaning, subjectivity, and intelligence. By tracing the evolution of enunciation theories and their application to AI, the paper asserts that these machines reveal a machinic essence intrinsic to human beings – our reliance on external cognitive aids and hybridization with the environment that makes us “natural-born cyborgs.” Indeed AI, far from merely simulating intelligence, exposes the limits of human-centric models of meaning and the myths underlying our conceptualization of cognition and language.
Fortschritte der magnetometrischen Durchflussmessung: Grundsatznachweis der Fließgeschwindigkeitsmessung und Einfluss des Strömungsprofils auf die RF-Pulseffizienz
Authors: Schmieder Leonhard 
Published: February 2025

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit den Fortschritten in der Forschung zur magnetometrischen Durchflussmessung. In diesem neuen Messverfahren werden Methoden der Kernspinresonanz und Magnetometrie im Erd- bis Nullfeld-Regime verwendet, um die Fließgeschwindigkeit eines wasserstoffhaltigen Fluids nicht-invasiv mithilfe neuartiger Quantenmagnetometer zu bestimmen. Nach einer anfänglichen Demonstration der Durchflussmessfähigkeiten wird das Verfahren analysiert, um den Einfluss experimenteller Bedingungen auf die Radiofrequenz-Pulseffizienz in strömenden Medien zu bestimmen. Es wird festgestellt, dass das Strömungsprofil eine dominante Rolle bei der Effizienz der RF-Pulse spielt, was eine Basis für zukünftige Forschungen zur Sensitivität der magnetometrischen Durchflussmessung gegenüber Strömungsprofilen bildet.
Distinct patterns of PV and SST GABAergic neuronal activity in the basal forebrain during olfactory-guided behavior in mice
Authors: Moss Elizabeth H. , Tantry Evelyne K. , Le Elaine , Chin Pey-Shyuan , Ambrosi Priscilla , Brandel-Ankrapp Katie L. , Arenkiel Benjamin R. 
Published: February 2025

Sensory perception relies on the flexible detection and interpretation of stimuli across variable contexts, conditions, and behavioral states. The basal forebrain is a hub for behavioral state regulation, supplying dense cholinergic and GABAergic projections to various brain regions involved in sensory processing. Of GABAergic neurons in the basal forebrain, parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SST) subtypes serve opposing roles towards regulating behavioral states. To elucidate the role of basal forebrain circuits in sensory-guided behavior, we investigated GABAergic signaling dynamics during odor-guided decision-making in male and female mice. We used fiber photometry to record cell type-specific basal forebrain activity during an odor discrimination task and correlated temporal patterns of PV and SST neuronal activity with olfactory task performance. We found that while both PV-expressing and SST-expressing GABAergic neurons were excited during trial initiation, PV neurons were selectively suppressed by reward whereas SST neurons were excited. Notably, chemogenetic inhibition of BF SST neurons modestly altered decision bias to favor reward-seeking while optogenetic inhibition of BF PV neurons during odor presentations improved discrimination accuracy. Together, these results suggest that the bidirectional activity of GABAergic basal forebrain neuron subtypes distinctly influence perception and decision-making during olfactory guided behavior.Significance statementThis study reveals distinct roles for basal forebrain GABAergic neurons in odor perception and odor-guided decision-making. Fiber photometry shows that basal forebrain parvalbumin-expressing neurons are selectively suppressed by rewards, while somatostatin-expressing neurons are activated, establishing the unique recruitment of these GABAergic neurons during behavioral reinforcement. Chemogenetic and optogenetic interventions demonstrate divergent roles for these neuronal subtypes in reward-seeking behavior and odor perception. This research provides new insights into how GABAergic neurons in the basal forebrain shape sensory perception and decision-making.
Rab27b promotes lysosomal function and alpha-synuclein clearance in neurons
Authors: Scholz Kasandra , Pattanayak Rudradip , Ekkatine Roschongporn , Pair F. Sanders , Nobles Amber , Stone William J. , Yacoubian Talene A. 
Published: February 2025

Alpha-synuclein (αsyn) is the key pathogenic protein implicated in synucleinopathies including Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). In these diseases, αsyn is thought to spread between cells where it accumulates and induces pathology; however, mechanisms that drive its propagation or aggregation are poorly understood. We have previously reported that the small GTPase Rab27b is elevated in human PD and DLB and that it can mediate the autophagic clearance and toxicity of αsyn in a paracrine αsyn cell culture model. Here, we expanded our previous work and characterized a role for Rab27b in neuronal lysosomal processing and αsyn clearance. We found that Rab27b KD in this αsyn inducible neuronal model resulted in lysosomal dysfunction and increased αsyn levels in lysosomes. Similar lysosomal proteolytic defects and enzymatic dysfunction were observed in both primary neuronal cultures and brain lysates from male and female Rab27b knockout (KO) mice. αSyn aggregation was exacerbated in Rab27b KO neurons upon treatment with αsyn preformed fibrils. We found no changes in lysosomal counts or lysosomal pH in either model, but we did identify changes in acidic vesicle trafficking and in lysosomal enzyme maturation and localization, which may drive lysosomal dysfunction and promote αsyn aggregation. Rab27b OE enhanced lysosomal activity and reduced insoluble αsyn accumulation. Finally we found elevated Rab27b levels in human postmortem incidental Lewy Body Disease (iLBD) subjects relative to healthy controls. These data suggest a role for Rab27b in neuronal lysosomal activity and identify it as a potential therapeutic target in synucleinopathies.Significance statementAlpha-synuclein aggregation in Parkinson’s disease is associated with autophagic-lysosomal dysfunction, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying alpha-synuclein clearance are not well understood. We identified the small GTPase Rab27b as a novel regulator of the lysosomal clearance of alpha-synuclein. Using several alpha-synuclein models, we found that Rab27b knockdown or knockout impairs lysosomal function, increases alpha-synuclein lysosomal accumulation, and increases alpha-synuclein aggregation. Conversely, Rab27b overexpression promotes lysosomal function and reduces alpha-synuclein aggregation. We also identified defects in lysosomal enzyme maturation and localization and acidic vesicle trafficking upon Rab27b loss, which may drive lysosomal dysfunction. These findings suggest that targeting Rab27b could boost lysosomal clearance of alpha-synuclein in synucleinopathies.
В.А. СНЫТКО - ОСНОВАТЕЛЬ СИБИРСКОЙ ЛАНДШАФТНО-ГЕОХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ШКОЛЫ
Authors: СЕМЕНОВ Ю.М. , ВОРОБЬЕВА И.Б. , ВЛАСОВА Н.В. 
Published: February 2025

Рассмотрена роль Валериана Афанасьевича Снытко (1939-2021), видного специалиста в области геохимии ландшафтов и комплексной физической географии, как основателя и руководителя сибирской ландшафтно-геохимической школы. Освещены этапы ее становления и развития. В результате многолетних исследований, проведенных В.А. Снытко и его учениками, установлены закономерности миграции, трансформации и функционирования геосистем тайги, подтайги, лесостепи и степи регионов Сибири, изучено экологическое состояние геосистем побережий оз. Байкал. Подчеркивается вклад ученого в обоснование нового научного направления в комплексной физической географии - изучение динамики вещества в геосистемах.
The role of Valerian Afanasyevich Snytko (1939-2021), a prominent specialist in the field of landscape geochemistry and complex physical geography, as the founder and leader of the Siberian landscape-geochemical school is considered. The stages of its formation and development are highlighted. As a result of many years of research conducted by V.A. Snytko and his students, the regularities of migration, transformation and functioning of geosystems of taiga, subtaiga, forest-steppe and steppe regions of Siberia are established, the ecological state of geosystems of the shores of Lake Baikal is studied. The contribution of the scientist to the justification of a new scientific direction in complex physical geography - the study of the dynamics of matter in geosystems is emphasized.
ДЕНДРОИНДИКАЦИЯ ГИДРОКЛИМАТИЧЕСКОГО СИГНАЛА В ОЗЕРНЫХ КОТЛОВИНАХ БАЙКАЛЬСКОГО РИФТА
Authors: БАЛЫБИНА А.С. , ВАСИЛЕНКО О.В. 
Published: February 2025

Представлены результаты применения дендрохронологического метода индикации гелиофизического и гидроклиматического сигнала на малых временных масштабах (от десятилетий до столетий) в озерных котловинах Байкальской рифтовой зоны. Рассматривались три позиции: дендроиндикация климатических параметров в Прибайкалье; дендроиндикация динамики уровня оз. Байкал; оценка гидроклиматического сигнала в Прихубсугулье. Установлено, что значения ширины годичных колец индицируют минимумы и максимумы в величинах температуры воздуха и почвы, но при этом реконструированный ряд имеет сглаженные значения. Последний цикл повышения температуры почвы может свидетельствовать об экстремальном проявлении потепления климата, в том числе и почвы. В реконструированном ряде значений уровня оз. Байкал методом спектрального Фурье-анализа обнаружены различные циклы: от 53 до 11 лет. Следовательно, периоды с низким уровнем озера наблюдались и ранее, однако после происходит восстановление до нормальных, и даже высоких значений. В Прихубсугулье наблюдается высокий отклик в приросте лиственницы на летние температуры воздуха (июнь-август). Сопоставление индексов ширины годичных колец с колебаниями солнечной активности позволяет говорить о наличии связи между этими характеристиками.
The article presents the results of application of the dendrochronological method of indicating the heliophysical and hydroclimatic signal on small time scales (from decades to centuries) in the lake basins of the Baikal rift zone. Three items were considered: dendroindication of climatic parameters in Cisbaikalia; dendroindication of the dynamics of the Lake Baikal level; and assessment of the hydroclimatic signal in the Khubsugul region. It has been found that the values of the width of annual rings is indicative of minima and maxima in the values of air and soil temperature, but the reconstructed series gives the smoothed values. The last cycle of the soil temperature increase may be a manifestation of an extreme climate warming, including soil warming. In the reconstructed series of the Lake Baikal level values, various cycles from 53 to 11 years were detected using the spectral Fourier analysis. Consequently, formerly observed periods of a low lake level were followed by a recovery to normal and then even high values. A high response in the larch growth to summer air temperatures (June-August) is observed in the Khubsugul region. Comparison of the indices of the annual rings width with fluctuations in solar activity suggests a connection between these characteristics.
Onkohematologinėmis ligomis sergančių pacientų ligos suvokimo ir poreikių vertinimo sąsajos
Authors: Račkauskaitė Emilija , Brasaitė-Abromė Indrė 
Published: February 2025

Patients with oncohematological diseases often have problems with their physical and psychological health. Assessment of illness perception and needs is important in nursing because they are interconnected and determine the effectiveness of treatment, patient well-being and satisfaction. Nurses and other professionals have an important role to play in helping patients understand their illness and related issues, and helping them meet their needs. In order to achieve a patient’s comprehensive health, it is of importance that nurses would meet not only their most necessary physiological needs, but also their psychosocial needs. The purpose of the study is to investigate the perception of the illness and the needs of patients with oncohematological diseases. A quantitative study was carried out. The instrument used is a questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic questions created by the authors of the study, the Short Illness Perception Scale (BIPQ), and the Needs Evaluation Questionnaire (NEQ). The study was conducted in June–September 2024. The sample consisted of 266 respondents. Descriptive data analysis was performed by using the SPSS program. The results of the study showed that patients are very concerned about their disease and feel that the disease affects their lives strongly, they believe that treatment can help them, the disease will not last a long time, they feel that they cannot control their disease, but they appreciate that they understand their disease well. The patients who participated in the study expressed their most urgent needs as those related to relationships, the communication process, and to obtaining information about future forecasts. When evaluating the correlations between the perception of the disease and the needs, it was found that, as the perception of the threat of the disease increases, the sum of the number of individual types of needs increases.