bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Factors in De Novo Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Report From the Latin American Renal Cancer Group
Authors: Abreu Diego , Carvalhal Gustavo , Gueglio Guillermo , Tobia Ignacio , Garcia Patricio , Zuñiga Alvaro , Meza Luis , Bengió Rubén , Scorticati Carlos , Castillejos Ricardo , Rodriguez Francisco , Autran Ana María , Gonzales Carmen , Gadu Jose , Nolazco Alejandro , Ameri Carlos , Zampolli Hamilton , Langenhin Raúl , Muguruza Diego , Machado Marcos Tobías , Mingote Pablo , Yandian Juan , Clavijo Jorge , Nogueira Lucas , Clark Omar , Secin Fernando , Rovegno Agustín , Vilas Ana , Barrios Enrique , Decia Ricardo , Guimarães Gustavo , Glina Sidney , Pal Sumanta K. , Rodriguez Oscar , Palou Joan , Spiess Philippe , Lara Primo N. , Linehan W. Marston , Pastore Antonio Luigi , Zequi Stenio C. 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE To assess the effect of clinical and pathological variables on cancer-specific and overall survival (OS) in de novo metastatic patients from a collaborative of primarily Latin American countries. PATIENTS AND METHODS Of 4,060 patients with renal cell carcinoma diagnosed between 1990 and 2015, a total of 530 (14.5%) had metastasis at clinical presentation. Relationships between clinical and pathological parameters and treatment-related outcomes were analyzed by Cox regression and the log-rank method. RESULTS Of 530 patients, 184 (90.6%) had died of renal cell carcinoma. The median OS of the entire cohort was 24 months. American Society of Anesthesiology classification 3-4 (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.64), perirenal fat invasion (HR: 2.02), and ≥ 2 metastatic organ sites (HR: 2.19) were independent prognostic factors for 5-year OS in multivariable analyses. We created a risk group stratification with these variables: no adverse risk factors (favorable group), median OS not reached; one adverse factor (intermediate group), median OS 33 months (HR: 2.04); and two or three adverse factors (poor risk group), median OS 14 months (HR: 3.58). CONCLUSION Our study defines novel prognostic factors that are relevant to a Latin American cohort. With external validation, these easily discerned clinical variables can be used to offer prognostic information across low- and middle-income countries.
Increasing Incidence of Primary Aldosteronism in Western Sweden During 3 Decades – Yet An Underdiagnosed Disorder
Authors: Gkaniatsa Eleftheria , Ekerstad Eva , Gavric Manuela , Muth Andreas , Trimpou Penelope , Olsson Daniel S , Johannsson Gudmundur , Ragnarsson Oskar 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Context
Primary aldosteronism (PA) is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. Yet, the incidence of PA in the general population has not been studied.

Objective
To estimate the incidence of PA in the general population.

Design and methods
Patients who had received a diagnostic code for PA between 1987 and 2016 were identified in the Swedish National Patient Registry. Assessment of clinical and biochemical data was used to validate the diagnosis. The annual incidence of PA was calculated by using the number of inhabitants in the Västra Götaland County as a reference.

Results
Of 570 identified patients, 473 (83%) had confirmed PA. Eligible for the incidence analysis were 416 patients, 248 (60%) men and 168 (40%) women, diagnosed with PA between 1987 and 2016. The mean (± standard deviation) age at diagnosis was 56 ± 12 years. The median (interquartile range) annual incidence was 2 (1-2) cases per million between 1987 and 1996, 6 (4-9) cases per million between 1997 and 2006 and 17 (12-24) cases per million between 2007 and 2016. At the end of the study (December 31, 2016), 386 patients with confirmed PA were alive and living in the Västra Götaland County, giving a prevalence of 231 cases per million (0.022%).

Conclusions
Despite increasing incidence, the proportion of patients identified with PA is lower than expected. Given the serious consequences of untreated PA, the noticeably low prevalence at the end of the study stresses the need to increase the awareness of PA among health care providers.
Hemodynamic Changes via the Lung Recruitment Maneuver Can Predict Fluid Responsiveness in Stroke Volume and Arterial Pressure During One-Lung Ventilation
Authors: Kimura Aya , Suehiro Koichi , Juri Takashi , Fujimoto Yohei , Yoshida Hisako , Tanaka Katsuaki , Mori Takashi , Nishikawa Kiyonobu 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:
We aimed to evaluate the ability of lung recruitment maneuver–induced hemodynamic changes to predict fluid responsiveness in patients undergoing lung-protective ventilation during one-lung ventilation (OLV).

METHODS:
Thirty patients undergoing thoracic surgery with OLV (tidal volume: 6 mL/kg of ideal body weight and positive end-expiratory pressure: 5 cm H2O) were enrolled. The study protocol began 30 minutes after starting OLV. Simultaneous recordings were performed for hemodynamic variables of heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), stroke volume (SV), pulse pressure variation (PPV), and stroke volume variation (SVV) were recorded at 4 time points: before recruitment maneuver (continuous airway pressure: 30 cm H2O for 30 seconds), at the end of recruitment maneuver, and before and after volume loading (250 mL over 10 minutes). Patients were recognized as fluid responders if the increase in SV or MAP was >10%. Receiver operating characteristic curves for percent decrease in SV and MAP by recruitment maneuver (ΔSVRM and ΔMAPRM, respectively) were generated to evaluate the ability to discriminate fluid responders from nonresponders. The gray-zone approach was applied for ΔSVRM and ΔMAPRM.

RESULTS:
Of 30 patients, there were 17 SV-responders (57%) and 12 blood pressure (BP)-responders (40%). Area under the curve (AUC) for ΔSVRM to discriminate SV-responders from nonresponders was 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-0.95; P < .001). The best threshold for ΔSVRM to discriminate the SV-responders was –23.7% (95% CI, –41.2 to –17.8; sensitivity, 76.5% [95% CI, 50.1-93.2]; specificity, 84.6% [95% CI, 54.6-98.1]). For BP-responders, AUC for ΔMAPRM was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.61-0.92, P < .001). The best threshold for ΔMAPRM was –17.3% (95% CI, –23.9 to –5.1; sensitivity, 75.0% [95% CI, 42.8-94.5]; specificity, 77.8% [95% CI, 52.4-93.6]). With the gray-zone approach, the inconclusive range of ΔSVRM for SV-responders was –40.1% to –13.8% including 13 (43%) patients, and that of ΔMAPRM was –23.9% to –5.1%, which included 16 (53%) patients.

CONCLUSIONS:
ΔSVRM and ΔMAPRM could predict hemodynamic responses after volume expansion during OLV.
Critical Reading in a Screen Paradigm
Authors: Downs Doug 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn important step in teaching critical reading for online civic reasoning is building teachers’ own acceptance of and comfort with screen literacies, understanding them not as alternative to gold-standard book literacies but as normative. To do so, teachers must better understand how web-based texts, and the reading of them, differ from the “classical” critical reading most teachers are used to. This article examines the “quantum” nature of web-based texts—their fundamental instability, their reader constructedness, and their nature as processes rather than objects—and relates these features to hyper-reading and other reading strategies that research shows allow engaged readers to screen-read critically.
Critical Thinking, Identity, and Performance
Authors: Clark Irene L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReferencing current research in neuroscience, this article argues that although knowledge about logic and evidence are important for helping students become critical thinkers, teachers should devote attention to the nonrational biases currently being evoked for persuasion, plan additional class time for students to reflect on their own emotional biases, and encourage students to self-identify as critical thinkers, so that they will continue to think critically in other courses and contexts. To attain this goal, approaches involving performance and reflection should be given further attention to help students develop the habit of questioning the credibility of information.
Assessing the Impact on Critical Reading and Critical Thinking
Authors: Johnson Anna Maria , Jahan Nusrat 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough much has been written about the history of commonplacing, there is a lack of evidence-based research to show the extent to which this historical practice may still be valuable today as a pedagogy that educates citizens in critical reading for democracy. This article describes an institutional-review-board-approved, experimental study to answer this question. Three sections of the same first-year reading and writing course were compared: one section did not use commonplace books, a second section used commonplace books that included quotations only, and a third section used commonplace books with reflective writing. We expected to find that students who used commonplace books would perform better in end-of-study assessments than those who did not. Instead, we were surprised to find that many of the students who were not required to use commonplace books created their own note-taking methods that performed a similar function. In essence, they developed their own commonplace book culture and methodology using Google Docs and other social reading practices. Their performance was as strong as the students who used commonplace books.
“Writing Back to the News”
Authors: King-O'Brien Kelly 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
As online content has rapidly proliferated in recent years, college teachers may find teaching students how to navigate their way to reputable sources both more challenging and more crucial. When we integrate reading the news into our curricula, we can engage our students, cultivate their critical reading and writing skills, harness digital tools and sources, and teach students how to transfer those skills to academic writing and other endeavors. To fight fake news, students must learn to interrogate sources and writing in the news, thereby empowering them to read, discuss, and engage with contemporary and real-world problems with compassion, complexity, and nuance.
Alligators employ intermetatarsal reconfiguration to modulate plantigrade ground contact
Authors: Turner Morgan L. , Gatesy Stephen M. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTFeet must mediate substrate interactions across an animal's entire range of limb poses used in life. Metatarsals, the ‘bones of the sole’, are the dominant pedal skeletal elements for most tetrapods. In plantigrade species that walk on the entirety of their sole, such as living crocodylians, intermetatarsal mobility offers the potential for a continuum of reconfiguration within the foot itself. Alligator hindlimbs are capable of postural extremes from a belly sprawl to a high walk to sharp turns – how does the foot morphology dynamically accommodate these diverse demands? We implemented a hybrid combination of marker-based and markerless X-ray reconstruction of moving morphology (XROMM) to measure 3D metatarsal kinematics in three juvenile American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) across their locomotor and maneuvering repertoire on a motorized treadmill and flat-surfaced arena. We found that alligators adaptively conformed their metatarsals to the ground, maintaining plantigrade contact throughout a spectrum of limb placements with non-planar feet. Deformation of the metatarsus as a whole occurred through variable abduction (twofold range of spread) and differential metatarsal pitching (45 deg arc of skew). Internally, metatarsals also underwent up to 65 deg of long-axis rotation. Such reorientation, which correlated with skew, was constrained by the overlapping arrangement of the obliquely expanded metatarsal bases. Such a proximally overlapping metatarsal morphology is shared by fossil archosaurs and archosaur relatives. In these extinct taxa, we suggest that intermetatarsal mobility likely played a significant role in maintaining ground contact across plantigrade postural extremes.
Oralność czy mówioność? O śladach mowy w tekstach staropolskich
Authors: Deskur Aleksandra 
Published: May 2021

Orality or Spoken Language? Traces of Speech in Old Polish Texts
The article is dedicated to traces of speech in old Polish texts. The main aim of the article is to show how the scope of reference of key terms and the formulation of research assumptions influence the interpretation of particular phenomena as spoken or oral. The article consists of two parts. The first part is meta-scientific, and it is dedicated to the research on spoken language and the research on orality in old texts. The author analyses terms used by researchers, and the scope of reference of those terms. Also, the author suggests a distinction between the terms orality and spoken language. In the second part, the Old Polish linguistic material is analysed according to the previously formulated research assumptions.
O pewnej osobliwości w wydaniu kaliskich rot sądowych, która może stać się przestrogą dla badaczy oraz edytorów tekstów dawnych
Authors: Kuźmicki Marcin 
Published: May 2021

On a Peculiarity in Judicial Oaths of Kalisz, which May Become a Warning for Researchers and Editors of Old Texts
The main purpose of the article is to show the problems that editors of Old Polish texts have to face. The pretext for showing these problems was a court note (card 67 recto), which was mistakenly published twice in the same edition (WRS – H. Kowalewicz and W. Kuraszkiewicz). Moreover, it was elaborated in two different ways (the same manuscript fragment is interpreted as the work of two different writers; the boundaries of the judicial record are indicated differently; the transcriptions of both versions also differ). Almost half a century later, all these errors were reproduced in the Electronic Repository of Greater Poland Oaths, although a dozen or so years earlier an edition by T. Jurek was published, in which the errors from the WRS edition were corrected. Unfortunately, the edition by T. Jurek also contains some solutions that make it impossible to use it in an entirely scientific manner (excessive modernization of the spelling).
Surpassing soliton compression limits in anomalous dispersion high-power erbium fiber comb
Authors: Lee Kevin F. , Zhou Gengji , Yun Yu , Jiang Jie , Winful Herbert G. , Fermann Martin E. 
Published: May 2021

Femtosecond power scaling in anomalous dispersion waveguides like telecom fiber is limited by runaway pulse collapse. We achieve an order of magnitude increase over previous femtosecond erbium fiber lasers by using phase-only pulse shaping in a stretcher fiber Bragg grating and identify a truncated Jacobi elliptic function pulse shape with better nonlinear compression characteristics than standard pulses. We generate 1560 nm, 340 nJ, 63 fs, 2.4 MW peak power pulses at 25 MHz repetition rate with standard single-mode fiber and a chirped mirror pair rather than bulk gratings. At a higher 100 MHz repetition rate, we verify frequency comb stability with 110 nJ, 62 fs pulses at 11 W average power. This record output can combine comb precision with strong field physics, and the method broadly applies to improving ultrafast laser sources.
Idiopathic and secondary restless legs syndrome during pregnancy in Japan: Prevalence, clinical features and delivery-related outcomes
Authors: Yoshimura Chikara , Arima Hisatomi , Amagase Hironobu , Takewaka Mizuko , Nakashima Kazuko , Imaoka Chikako , Miyanaga Nanami , Obama Hirotsugu , Fujita Masaki , Ando Shin-ichi 
Published: May 2021

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence of idiopathic and secondary restless legs syndrome (RLS) according to pregnancy trimester, and its effects on delivery-related outcomes among pregnant women in Japan.

Methods
This was a single-center, prospective observational study. One hundred eighty-two consecutive pregnant women participated in the study from June 2014 to March 2016. Participants were interviewed and examined in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and 1 month after delivery. At each term, RLS was identified by a research assistant and then specialist in sleep medicine based on the diagnostic criteria of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group. Delivery-related data was collected from medical charts. RLS was classified as idiopathic RLS, which originally existed before the index pregnancy, or secondary RLS, which newly appeared during the index pregnancy.

Results
The prevalence of RLS was 4.9% (idiopathic 3.3%, secondary 1.6%) in the second trimester, 5.0% (idiopathic 0.0%, secondary 5.0%) in the third trimester, and 0.6% (idiopathic 0.0%, secondary 0.6%) after delivery. Prolonged labor, emergency Cesarean section, and arrest of labor tended to be more frequent in idiopathic and/or second RLS (all p<0.05).

Conclusions
The prevalence of RLS during pregnancy was 4–5% and decreases after delivery in current Japan. The presence of RLS was associated with an increase in some delivery-related outcomes. Early detection and treatment of RLS during pregnancy may be beneficial to safe delivery for pregnant women.
Characteristics and limitations of national antimicrobial surveillance according to sales and claims data
Authors: Kusama Yoshiki , Muraki Yuichi , Tanaka Chika , Koizumi Ryuji , Ishikane Masahiro , Yamasaki Daisuke , Tanabe Masaki , Ohmagari Norio 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
Antimicrobial use (AMU) is estimated at the national level by using sales data (S-AMU) or insurance claims data (C-AMU). However, these data might be biased by generic drugs that are not sold through wholesalers (direct sales) and therefore not recorded in sales databases, or by claims that are not submitted electronically and therefore not stored in claims databases. We evaluated these effects by comparing S-AMU and C-AMU to ascertain the characteristics and limitations of each kind of data. We also evaluated the interchangeability of these data by assessing their relationship.

Methods
We calculated monthly defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DID) using sales and claims data from 2013 to 2017. To assess the effects of non-electronic claim submissions on C-AMU, we evaluated trends in the S-AMU/C-AMU ratio (SCR). To assess the effects of direct sales of S-AMU, we divided AMU into generic and branded drugs and evaluated each SCR in terms of oral versus parenteral drugs. To assess the relationship between S-AMU and C-AMU, we created a linear regression and evaluated its coefficient.

Results
Median annual SCRs from 2013 to 2017 were 1.046, 0.993, 0.980, 0.987, and 0.967, respectively. SCRs dropped from 2013 to 2015, and then stabilized. Differences in SCRs between branded and generic drugs were significant for oral drugs (0.820 vs 1.079) but not parenteral drugs (1.200 vs 1.165), suggesting that direct sales of oral generic drugs were omitted in S-AMU. Coefficients of DID between S-AMU and C-AMU were high (generic, 0.90; branded, 0.84) in oral drugs but relatively low (generic, 0.32; branded, 0.52) in parenteral drugs.

Conclusions
The omission of direct sales information and non-electronically submitted claims have influenced S-AMU and C-AMU information, respectively. However, these data were well-correlated, and it is considered that both kinds of data are useful depending on the situation.
Inappropriate antibiotic use in the COVID-19 era: Factors associated with inappropriate prescribing and secondary complications. Analysis of the registry SEMI-COVID
Authors: Calderón-Parra Jorge , Muiño-Miguez Antonio , Bendala-Estrada Alejandro D. , Ramos-Martínez Antonio , Muñez-Rubio Elena , Fernández Carracedo Eduardo , Tejada Montes Javier , Rubio-Rivas Manuel , Arnalich-Fernandez Francisco , Beato Pérez Jose Luis , García Bruñén Jose Miguel , del Corral Beamonte Esther , Pesqueira Fontan Paula Maria , Carmona Maria del Mar , Fernández-Madera Martínez Rosa , González García Andrés , Salazar Mosteiro Cristina , Tuñón de Almeida Carlota , González Moraleja Julio , Deodati Francesco , Martín Escalante María Dolores , Asensio Tomás María Luisa , Gómez Huelgas Ricardo , Casas Rojo José Manuel , Millán Núñez-Cortés Jesús ,   for the SEMI-COVID-19 Network
Published: May 2021

Background
Most patients with COVID-19 receive antibiotics despite the fact that bacterial co-infections are rare. This can lead to increased complications, including antibacterial resistance. We aim to analyze risk factors for inappropriate antibiotic prescription in these patients and describe possible complications arising from their use.

Methods
The SEMI-COVID-19 Registry is a multicenter, retrospective patient cohort. Patients with antibiotic were divided into two groups according to appropriate or inappropriate prescription, depending on whether the patient fulfill any criteria for its use. Comparison was made by means of multilevel logistic regression analysis. Possible complications of antibiotic use were also identified.

Results
Out of 13,932 patients, 3047 (21.6%) were prescribed no antibiotics, 6116 (43.9%) were appropriately prescribed antibiotics, and 4769 (34.2%) were inappropriately prescribed antibiotics. The following were independent factors of inappropriate prescription: February-March 2020 admission (OR 1.54, 95%CI 1.18–2.00), age (OR 0.98, 95%CI 0.97–0.99), absence of comorbidity (OR 1.43, 95%CI 1.05–1.94), dry cough (OR 2.51, 95%CI 1.94–3.26), fever (OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.13–1.56), dyspnea (OR 1.31, 95%CI 1.04–1.69), flu-like symptoms (OR 2.70, 95%CI 1.75–4.17), and elevated C-reactive protein levels (OR 1.01 for each mg/L increase, 95% CI 1.00–1.01). Adverse drug reactions were more frequent in patients who received ANTIBIOTIC (4.9% vs 2.7%, p < .001).

Conclusion
The inappropriate use of antibiotics was very frequent in COVID-19 patients and entailed an increased risk of adverse reactions. It is crucial to define criteria for their use in these patients. Knowledge of the factors associated with inappropriate prescribing can be helpful.