bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triglyceride‐glucose index trajectories predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes in elderly heart failure patients with Diabetes: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Hong , Wang Jian , Luo Zhi , Jia Ding , Feng Shixing , Yang Zhufang , Wang Zeyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveEvaluating the change trajectories of triglyceride‐glucose (TyG) index calculated after multiple tests in elderly heart failure (HF) patients may have clinical implications for predicting long‐term adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs).MethodsThis retrospective study included 1184 elderly HF (LVEF ≥50%) patients with diabetes admitted to our center between January 2015 and January 2020. Based on the multiple TyG levels detected during the exposure period with annual measurements, three distinct TyG trajectories were determined using latent mixture modeling: low‐stable group (TyG index <8.26, n = 367), medium‐stable group (TyG index 8.26–9.06, n = 613), and high‐increasing group (TyG index >9.06, n = 204). The primary endpoint was the composite outcome of MACEs.ResultsThere were significant increases in the prevalence of several cardiovascular risk factors and conditions, such as male gender, BMI, current smoker, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, old myocardial infarction, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and uric acid levels, from the Low‐Stable Group to the High‐Increasing Group (all P < 0.05). During a median follow‐up of 29 months (range, 18–46 months), 181 MACEs occurred. Kaplan–Meier analyses curve showed a significantly increased risk of MACEs in the medium‐stable and high‐increasing groups compared to the low‐stable group (HR = 2.528, 95%CI: 1.665–3.838; HR = 2.706, 95%CI: 1.722–4.255, respectively). Furthermore, the rates of heart failure‐related hospitalizations, nonfatal myocardial infarctions and non‐fatal stroke were significantly increased in the medium‐stable and high‐increasing groups. Multivariable Cox regression analyses revealed that age (HR = 1.728), current smoker (HR = 1.385), old myocardial infarction (HR = 1.593), chronic renal disease (HR = 1.682), HbA1c (HR = 1.816), NT‐proBNP (HR = 2.471), TyG trajectory (HR = 2.112) and SGLT2 inhibitors (HR = 0.841) were independently associated with the occurrence of MACEs during follow‐up (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe TyG trajectory is strongly associated with the risk of MACEs during follow‐up in elderly patients with T2DM, suggesting that TyG trajectories may further optimize risk stratification model of cardiovascular events.
Biological brain age and resilience in cognitively unimpaired 70‐year‐old individuals
Authors: Marseglia Anna , Dartora Caroline , Samuelsson Jessica , Poulakis Konstantinos , Mohanty Rosaleena , Shams Sara , Lindberg Olof , Rydén Lina , Sterner Therese Rydberg , Skoog Johan , Zettergren Anna , Kern Silke , Skoog Ingmar , Westman Eric 
Published: December 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThis study investigated the associations of brain age gap (BAG)—a biological marker of brain resilience—with life exposures, neuroimaging measures, biological processes, and cognitive function.METHODSWe derived BAG by subtracting predicted brain age from chronological age in 739 septuagenarians without dementia or neurological disorders. Robust linear regression models assessed BAG associations with life exposures, plasma inflammatory and metabolic biomarkers, magnetic resonance imaging, and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration and vascular brain injury, and cognitive performance.RESULTSGreater BAG (older‐looking brains) was associated with physical inactivity, diabetes, and stroke, while prediabetes was related to lower BAG, that is, younger‐looking brains. Physical activity mitigated the link between obesity and BAG. Greater BAG was associated with greater small vessel disease burden, white‐matter alterations, inflammation, high glucose, poorer vascular‐related cognitive domains. Sex‐specific associations were identified.DISCUSSIONVascular‐related lifestyles and health shape brain appearance. Inflammation and insulin‐related processes may be keys to understanding vascular cognitive disorders.Highlights
BAG, reflecting deviations from CA, can indicate resilience.
Diabetes, stroke, and low physical activity link to “older” brains (greater BAG).
Physical activity yielded to “younger” brains in septuagenarians with obesity.
High cerebrovascular burden, inflammation, and glucose associate with “older” brains.
Sex differences were detected in all BAG‐associated factors.
Fluorination from Surface to Bulk Stabilizing High Nickel Cathode Materials with Outstanding Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Yang Jieyu , Mao Guihong , Yao Tengyu , Shen Laifa , Yu Yan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHigh nickel layered oxides provide high energy densities as cathodes for next‐generation batteries. However, critical issues such as capacity fading and voltage decay, which derive from labile surface reactivity and phase transition, especially under high‐rate high‐voltage conditions, prevent their commercialization. Here we propose a fluorination strategy to simultaneously introduce F atoms into oxygen layer and create a F aggregated interface. Substitution F for O stabilizes the layered ionic framework as the F ions can anchor the internal transition metal ions through strong TM−F bonding interaction, alleviating anisotropic lattice strain accumulation and release during the cycle, and promoting the Li+ dynamics diffusion. Meanwhile, the fluorinated interface induces the formation of a thin and stable CEI, ameliorating the detrimental issues like oxygen vacancy formation, the HF attacks and metal dissolution. The resultant fluorinated cathode delivers a high reversible capacity of 192.9 mAh g−1 at 10 C within the voltage range of 2.7–4.5 V. This fluorination strategy approach provides design concepts for the advanced cathodes that can meet the demands of high‐rate and high‐voltage applications in next‐generation batteries.
Ball‐Milled BN Nanodisks Loaded With LDH Nanosheets: Facilely Assembled Nanostructure Aiming for Suppression on Heat and Toxicant Emissions
Authors: Huang Yajun , Xu Weifeng , Miao Yanli , Wang Junling , Lu Yawei , Wang Zhirong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe practical usage of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) has been significantly hindered by its well‐known tendency to pose a high fire hazard due to the release of substantial heat and toxic volatiles. Here, a binary nanostructure of B‐LDH‐C based on boron nitride (BN) nanosheets and layered double hydroxide (LDH) was fabricated as a flame‐retarded filler for TPU. Specifically, the addition of 3.0 wt% B‐LDH‐C, results in significant reductions of 44.7% in peak heat release rate, 14.6% in total heat release, and 56.5% in peak smoke production rate. In addition, the peak CO yield is reduced by 38.4%. These results indicate reduced fire toxicity. Moreover, the TG‐IR test points out the marked hindrances in combustible (hydrocarbons, esters, etc) and toxic gases (aromatic compounds, HCN). The results collectively demonstrate the high effectiveness of B‐LDH‐C in improving the fire safety of TPU, which is pertaining to the dual roles of B‐LDH‐C. The research could inspire the facile fabrication of binary structures, enhancing their potential in polymer‐matrix composites and other applications.
MD and DFT Calculations to Analyze Raman and SERS Spectra of Paraquat—From Computer Aided Spectra Interpretation to Pesticide Identification
Authors: Hermsen Andrea , Hertel Florian , Wilbert Dominik , Mayer Christian , Jaeger Martin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe use of pesticides is an important practice in today's agricultural and nutritional supply chain worldwide. Their potentially harmful effects require rapid and reliable monitoring. As an emerging technology, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is paving its way through established methodologies. The Raman enhancing effect is based on the interaction of the analyte and nanoparticles prepared from noble metals. To better support and exploit analytical applications, the interaction between gold nanoparticles and the pesticide paraquat were studied. To this purpose, molecular dynamic calculations were performed with paraquat on single‐crystal structures of gold at a distance of 3.4 Å and an intramolecular dihedral angle of 18.8° between the two paraquat ring systems. The molecular dynamic calculations showed that the two noble metal surface models exhibited only slight differences in their effects on paraquat. Experimental SERS spectra with gold nanoparticles were recorded and compared to the experimental Raman spectrum. The observed differences were further investigated using density functional theory calculations and reducing the gold cell to a gold cluster of 20 atoms. A co‐planar orientation of paraquat to the gold cluster surface was thereby deduced. Based on an optimized paraquat geometry including a dihedral angle of 36.77° at a distance of 3.85 Å to the gold cluster, an excellent agreement between computed and experimental spectra was obtained. A head‐on geometry was discarded due to spectral mismatch. This computational approach may help to analyze SERS spectra and make SERS further suitable for pesticide analysis.
Unfoldings of Environmental Racism: Are They Reaching Rhodolith Beds and Related Sociobiodiversities?
Authors: Horta Paulo , Koerich Gabrielle , Sissini Marina , Rodrigues Moreira Bruna , Rörig Leonardo Rubi , Bonomi‐Barufi José , Oliveira Carlos Yure B. 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEnvironmental racism may be among the explanations for why we are facing the worst socioenvironmental crisis in the history of humanity, led by a state of climate emergency that could result in an ecocidal genocide of planetary dimensions. Unfoldings of environmental racism even reach towards nature when it is considered subject of rights. Among the marine ecosystems less considered in these discussions are rhodolith beds—reef habitats of red coralline algae, also called maerl beds. When dealing with the feasibility of oil exploration in the Amazon mouth region, an area dominated by extensive rhodolith beds, the Brazilian Association of Petroleum Geologists broadcast live a geologist quoted as saying (transcript follows) ‘… what there is (at the mouth of the Amazon) are coralline algae called rhodoliths, which are common, anywhere in Brazil, and are things, errrrr (with hand gestures and facial expression with negative or pejorative sense), ugly like that, they're not nice at all, (…) and even the rhodolith reefs are dead reefs, dead’. As a result, now, the region is facing the real possibility of extensive oil exploitation. This opinion of a limited aesthetical perspective of which nature is important demands urgent public recognition. Policies that foster rhodolith bed conservation needs, explaining their wealth of valuable contributions to society, must be introduced in formal education, dialoguing with children, young people and adults. Multilateral United Nation forums, during the Ocean Decade, can provide ways to speed up this process, combating different forms of environmental racism and speciesism, buying some time and creating opportunities to establish rhodolith bed conservation as a natural world heritage.
Does bladder outflow obstruction obfuscate the traditional clinical factors that are used to assess the risk of prostate cancer at rapid‐access diagnostic clinics?
Authors: Cahill Thomas Philip , Withey Samuel Joseph , Hazell Steve , Cahill Declan , Kinsella Netty 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo understand whether bladder outflow obstruction influences the association between traditional clinical predictive factors, particularly prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) density and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). This will help facilitate effective and evidence‐based triaging of patients in rapid‐access clinics.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analysed prospectively collected data from 307 suspected prostate cancer patients who underwent diagnostic biopsy from 2019 to 2023 at a single, high‐volume, specialist cancer centre. Uroflowmetry testing generated two cohorts: patients with bladder outflow obstruction and non‐obstructed patients. The cohort characteristics between the groups were compared and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess associations between clinical predictive factors (age, PSA density, ethnicity, family history, digital rectal examination, urinary symptom severity and magnetic resonance imaging using the PI‐RADS scoring system) and clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) on biopsy (defined as International Society of Urological Pathology grade of greater than or equal to two).ResultsThe obstructed group (n = 80) had significantly larger prostates and worse symptom severity (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the other predictive factors or csPCa compared to the non‐obstructed (n = 227) cohort. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed age, PSA density, an abnormal digital rectal examination and scoring PI‐RADS 4–5 on magnetic resonance imaging were all significantly associated with csPCa in the non‐obstructed cohort (p < 0.05). Contrastingly, only symptom severity and scoring PI‐RADS 5 were significantly associated with csPCa for the obstructed patients (p < 0.05).ConclusionIn the presence of bladder outflow obstruction, traditional predictive variables such as age, PSA density, digital rectal examination and scoring PI‐RADS 4 are not associated with csPCa. This study suggests that using these predictive variables to triage patients in rapid‐access clinics with a patient who has bladder outflow obstruction could lead to the overuse of invasive biopsy.
Luminescent ZnSe/ZnO Heterostructures for Photocatalytic Degradation of Azophloxine Dye and Bioimaging Applications
Authors: Natarajan Radhika , I Sharmila Lydia , Sengan Megarajan , Campos Cristian H. , J. Princy Merlin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTHerein, we demonstrate a simple hydrothermal route to synthesizing ZnSe/ZnO type II heterostructure using L‐cysteine as a capping agent. The use of nanomaterials in bioimaging and photocatalysis towards the degradation of Azophloxine dye is of potential interest. The synthesized ZnSe/ZnO nanomaterials were characterized by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It exhibits a strong sharp emission at 465 nm in fluorescence spectroscopy. The synthesized nanomaterials were used as an excellent fluorescence probe for imaging live‐cell bacteria such as E. coli and S. aureus compared with the commercial staining dye PI (propidium iodide). The synthesized ZnSe/ZnO possess more photo‐stability and showed excellent photocatalytic activity for the degradation of azophloxine dye under sunlight.
Comprehensive analysis of the value of angiogenesis and stemness‐related genes in the prognosis and immunotherapy of ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhou Linsen , Min Yu , Cao Qiqi , Tan Xun , Cui Yongfen , Wang Jiawei 
Published: December 2024

AbstractTumor angiogenesis and the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) are critical characteristics of tumors. Previous research has demonstrated that cancer stem cells promote tumor angiogenesis, while increased vascularity, in turn, fosters the growth of cancer stem cells. This creates a detrimental cycle that contributes to tumor progression. However, studies investigating the angiogenesis and stemness characteristics in ovarian cancer (OV) are limited. In this study, we employed cluster analysis and LASSO methods to assess the significance of angiogenesis‐ and stemness‐related genes in the efficacy of OV immunotherapy. Through multivariate Cox regression analysis and Friends analysis, we identified TNFSF11 as the most significant prognostic gene associated with angiogenesis and stemness. Additionally, molecular docking results confirmed that TNFSF11 exhibits a high affinity for sorafenib and sunitinib. In summary, for the first time, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the roles of angiogenesis and stemness‐related genes in the prognosis and immunotherapy of OV patients, revealing TNFSF11 as a novel therapeutic target.
Vibrational relaxation and energy distribution in adenosine monophosphate
Authors: Ree Jongbaik , Ko Kyoung Chul , Shin Hyung Kyu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVibrational relaxation in a hydrogen‐bonded adenosine monophosphate has been studied in classical dynamics procedures. The initial excitation stored in the phosphate OH vibration is shown to mainly redistribute in the ribose moiety through efficient energy pumping by the phosphoester bond. The efficiency is due to the phosphoester bond couples with neighboring bonds and transports the initial excitation to the ribose in a series of small steps. In the ribose unit, energy travels the carbon–carbon pathway and distributes mainly in the C–O–H side chains. Energy distribution in the phosphate unit is minor, but the extent is significantly higher than the amount distributed in the adenine moiety, which shares only about 10% of the initial excitation due to the inefficient energy pumping of the ribose‐to‐adenine bond. The numerical procedures are repeated to prevent the leakage of zero‐point energies by modifying the kinetic energy for each bond.
Corporate “Greening” and Innovation: A Reinterpretation Based on Historical Immortals
Authors: Chen Yang , Jiang Shang , Lim King Yoong , Morris Diego 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTWe distinguish and explore how two distinct types of green externalities—the Porter hypothesis (PH) effect and the greenwashing effect—would interact with corruption‐induced rent‐seeking effect to shape corporate innovation, based on negative binomial models fitted on 22,589 observations. Having first established a positive contemporaneous association between greenwashing and innovation, we invoke path dependence by instrumenting corporate greenwashing with geographical proximity measures derived from the cultural origins of 321 historical “nature‐integrated” immortals. Likewise, we use historical cronyism networks to instrument corporate rent seeking. We identify a novel positive greenwashing externality, alongside the conventional PH effect and the rent‐seeking effect. This suggests that perceived “greenwashing” may actually reflect corporate green championing behaviors in China, significantly influenced by local sociocultural factors. However, the interaction between the two green externalities and the rent‐seeking effect is negative, indicating that high rent‐seeking intensity may dampen the positive induced innovation effects.
Automated One‐Pot Library Synthesis with Aldehydes as Radical Precursors
Authors: Ruiz Adrián Luguera , Pijper Brenda , Linares Maria Lourdes , Cañellas Santiago , Protti Stefano , Fagnoni Maurizio , Alcázar Jesús 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe increased demand for the synthesis of Csp3 enriched motifs and the urgency of discovering new drugs requires the development of more efficient technologies and synthetic tools to accelerate drug discovery processes. Herein, we report a fully automated strategy for the addition of Csp3 enriched building blocks onto olefins via Giese addition to forge Csp3−Csp3 bonds. The developed fully automated protocol allowed the in‐situ conversion of aldehydes (non‐redox‐active species) to electroactive imidazolidines and their use as precursors of C‐centered radicals under photoredox catalyzed conditions for the synthesis of building blocks and bioactive compound libraries by synthesizing sp3‐enriched compounds.
Spatial differences in predicted Phalaris arundinacea (reed canarygrass) occurrence in floodplain forest understories
Authors: Delaney John T. , Van Appledorn M. , De Jager N. R. , Bouska K. L. , Rohweder J. J. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractReed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) is one of the most common invaders of floodplains and wetlands in North America. In the Upper Mississippi River floodplain, invasion by reed canarygrass in forest understories can inhibit forest regeneration when gaps form in the overstory. Understanding the distribution of reed canarygrass in forest understories is essential for effective management and control. We used an ensemble of species distribution models including Bayesian additive regression trees, boosted trees, and random forest algorithms to predict habitat suitability for reed canarygrass in forest understories across the Upper Mississippi River floodplain (~41,000 ha). Data from forest inventory study plots with reed canarygrass presence and absence were combined with 10 hypothesized environmental predictors of reed canarygrass invasion. We applied three approaches to better understand and incorporate the influence of spatial autocorrelation among our predictor variables, including random cross‐validation, spatial cross‐validation, and spatial cross‐validation with Euclidean distance fields. Flood frequency, distance to contiguous floodplain, distance to forest edge, and distance to invaded wet meadow were among the most important environmental predictors across the three algorithms. Generally, the mean probability of reed canarygrass presence decreased with increasing flood depth, distance to contiguous floodplain, distance to invaded wet meadow, forest cover, and forest height, while relationships with other predictors were more variable. The ensemble of the three models (i.e., the average prediction) was used to map and summarize potential reed canary grass habitat suitability across the landscape. The maps generated quantified the habitat suitability for reed canarygrass and areas of agreement among the models in forest understories across the floodplain. This information can be used to better understand the extent of invasion, prioritize restoration efforts, and develop further research.
The Efficiency of Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Secretion by mRNA‐Electroporated Regulatory T Cells Is Highly Impacted by Their Activation Status
Authors: Van den Bos Jasper , Janssens Ibo , Vermeulen Morgane , Dams Amber , De Reu Hans , Peeters Stefanie , Faghel Carole , Ouaamari Yousra El , Wens Inez , Cools Nathalie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTGenetic engineering of regulatory T cells (Tregs) presents a promising avenue for advancing immunotherapeutic strategies, particularly in autoimmune diseases and transplantation. This study explores the modification of Tregs via mRNA electroporation, investigating the influence of T‐cell activation status on transfection efficiency, phenotype, and functionality. For this CD45RA+ Tregs were isolated, expanded, and modified to overexpress brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Kinetics of BDNF expression and secretion were explored. Treg activation state was assessed by checking the expression of activation markers CD69, CD71, and CD137. Our findings show that only activated Tregs secrete BDNF post‐genetic engineering, even though both activated and resting Tregs express BDNF intracellularly. Notably, the mTOR pathway and CD137 are implicated in the regulation of protein secretion in activated Tregs, indicating a complex interplay of signalling pathways. This study contributes to understanding the mechanisms governing protein expression and secretion in engineered Tregs, offering insights for optimizing cell‐based therapies and advancing immune regulation strategies.