bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A blinded randomized study comparing intubating conditions after either rocuronium 0.6 mg·kg−1 or remifentanil 2 µg·kg−1 in elderly patients
Authors: Vested Matias , Sørensen Anne Marie , Bjerring Cecilie , Christensen Rasmus E. , Dinesen Felicia , Vang Malene , Gilvanoff Alexander , Hansen Thea Ellehammer , Nielsen Tatiana , Rasmussen Lars S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo facilitate tracheal intubation, either a neuromuscular blocking agent or a bolus dose of remifentanil can be administered. We hypothesized that rocuronium 0.6 mg·kg−1 provided a larger proportion of excellent intubating conditions compared to remifentanil 2 µg·kg−1 in patients above 80 years.MethodsA total of 78 patients were randomized to either rocuronium 0.6 mg·kg−1 or remifentanil 2 µg·kg−1. General anaesthesia was initiated with fentanyl and propofol. Two minutes after the administration of either rocuronium or remifentanil, tracheal intubating conditions were evaluated using the Fuchs‐Buder scale by a blinded investigator, and our primary outcome was the proportion of patients presenting intubating conditions deemed as excellent. Further outcomes included the Intubating Difficulty Scale (IDS), hoarseness or sore throat 24 h postoperatively, and intervention against hypotension.ResultsNo difference in the occurrence of excellent intubating conditions was found comparing the rocuronium group with the remifentanil group; 10 (28%) versus 15 (39%) (p = .29), respectively, relative risk = 0.72. Interventions against hypotension were used in 24 (67%) versus 28 (74%) (p = .51), respectively. Hoarseness and sore throat 24 h postoperatively were found in 37% versus 35% p = .86, and 14% versus 5% p = .20, respectively. The IDS score was 2 versus 2 p = .48.ConclusionNo difference in intubating conditions was found 2 min after the administration of either rocuronium 0.6 mg·kg−1 or remifentanil 2 µg·kg−1 in patients aged above 80 years. Intubation conditions were less than optimal in a large proportion of this patient population.Clinical trials registrationNCT04287426.
Cerebrovascular disease hospitalizations following emergency department headache visits: A nested case–control study
Authors: Liberman Ava L. , Hassoon Ahmed , Fanai Mehdi , Badihian Shervin , Rupani Hetal , Peterson Susan M. , Sebestyen Krisztian , Wang Zheyu , Zhu Yuxin , Lipton Richard B. , Newman‐Toker David E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundDelayed diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) among patients can result in substantial harm. If diagnostic process failures can be identified at emergency department (ED) visits that precede CVD hospitalization, interventions to improve diagnostic accuracy can be developed.MethodsWe conducted a nested case–control study using a cohort of adult ED patients discharged from a single medical center with a benign headache diagnosis from October 1, 2015 to March 31, 2018. Hospitalizations for CVD within 1 year of index ED visit were identified using a regional health information exchange. Patients with subsequent CVD hospitalization (cases) were individually matched to patients without subsequent hospitalization (controls) using patient age and visit date. Demographic, clinical, and ED process characteristics were assessed via detailed chart review. McNemar's test for categorical and paired t‐test for continuous variables were used with statistical significance set at ≤0.05.ResultsOf the 9157 patients with ED headache visits, 57 (0.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5–0.8) had a subsequent CVD hospitalization. Median time from ED visit to hospitalization was 107 days. In 25 patients (43.9%, 25/57) the CVD hospitalization and the index ED visit were at different hospitals. Fifty‐three cases and 53 matched controls were included in the final study analysis. Cases and controls had similar baseline demographic and headache characteristics. Cases more often had a history of stroke (32.1% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.02) and neurosurgery (13.2% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.03) prior to the index ED visit. Cases more often had less than two components of the neurologic examination documented (30.2% vs. 11.3%, p = 0.03).ConclusionWe found that 0.6% of patients with an ED headache visit had subsequent CVD hospitalization, often at another medical center. ED visits for headache complaints among patients with prior stroke or neurosurgical procedures may be important opportunities for CVD prevention. Documented neurologic examinations were poorer among cases, which may represent an opportunity for ED process improvement.
Newly defined allergens in the WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Database during 01/2019‐03/2021
Authors: Sudharson Srinidhi , Kalic Tanja , Hafner Christine , Breiteneder Heimo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe WHO/IUIS Allergen Nomenclature Database (http://allergen.org) provides up‐to‐date expert‐reviewed data on newly discovered allergens and their unambiguous nomenclature to allergen researchers worldwide. This review discusses the 106 allergens that were accepted by the Allergen Nomenclature Sub‐Committee between 01/2019 and 03/2021. Information about protein family membership, patient cohorts, and assays used for allergen characterization is summarized. A first allergenic fungal triosephosphate isomerase, Asp t 36, was discovered in Aspergillus terreus. Plant allergens contained 1 contact, 38 respiratory, and 16 food allergens. Can s 4 from Indian hemp was identified as the first allergenic oxygen‐evolving enhancer protein 2 and Cic a 1 from chickpeas as the first allergenic group 4 late embryogenesis abundant protein. Among the animal allergens were 19 respiratory, 28 food, and 3 venom allergens. Important discoveries include Rap v 2, an allergenic paramyosin in molluscs, and Sal s 4 and Pan h 4, allergenic fish tropomyosins. Paramyosins and tropomyosins were previously known mainly as arthropod allergens. Collagens from barramundi, Lat c 6, and salmon, Sal s 6, were the first members from the collagen superfamily added to the database. In summary, the addition of 106 new allergens to the previously listed 930 allergens reflects the continuous linear growth of the allergen database. In addition, 17 newly described allergen sources were included.
A comparative study of strabismus surgery with retained or removed scleral explant after retinal detachment surgery
Authors: Christakopoulos Christos E. , Larson Scott A. , Vinding Troels , Buch Hesgaard Helena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeTo compare, in a larger study population, the outcomes of strabismus surgery in patients who either had the scleral explant (EX) retained or removed after surgery for retinal detachment.MethodsA comparative retrospective study includes data from 2 centres. Surgical outcome, motor success, sensory success, the number of secondary operations for strabismus and complications were compared between the two groups. Motor success was defined as horizontal deviation of ≤6 prism diopters (PD) and vertical deviation of ≤6PD. Sensory success was defined as no diplopia without use of prism.ResultsForty‐seven patients were included in the study; 70% had retained the EX and 74% had vertical strabismus. Horizontally, the final alignment was equal between the 2 groups, 4 PD vs.5 PD in the EX removed group. The patients with retained EX were referred with a significant lower mean vertical deviation and had a significant lower post‐operative mean vertical deviation of 2 PD vs. 3 PD in the EX‐removed group. The rates of motor success (76% vs. 71%) and sensory success (79% vs. 93%) did not differ significantly between the EX‐retained and EX‐removed groups. No patients underwent more than 2 operations. Two complications occurred in the EX‐retained group: a subconjunctival cyst and an exposed EX. In the EX‐removed group, 2 patients with retinal re‐detachment were found in the follow‐up period.ConclusionGood surgical outcomes including high motor and sensory success were obtained regardless of the presence of the EX. Retinal re‐detachment was observed in two patients with previously removed EX.
Psoriasis-related treatment exposure and hospitalization or in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19 during the first and second wave of the pandemic: cohort study of 1 326 312 patients in France
Authors: Penso L. , Dray-Spira R. , Weill A. , Zureik M. , Sbidian E. 
Published: July 2021

Summary
Background
Data on treatment exposures for psoriasis and poor COVID-19 outcomes are limited.
Objectives
To assess the risk of hospitalization or in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19 by treatment exposure in patients with psoriasis.
Methods
All adults with psoriasis registered in the French national health-insurance (Système National des Données de Santé, SNDS) database between 2008 and 2019 were eligible. Two study periods were considered: 15 February to 30 June 2020 and 1 October 2020 to 31 January 2021, the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in France, respectively. Patients were classified according to their baseline treatment: biologics, nonbiologics, topicals or no treatment. The primary endpoint was hospitalization for COVID-19 using Cox models with inverse probability of treatment weighting. The secondary endpoint was in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19.
Results
We identified 1 326 312 patients with psoriasis (mean age 59 years; males, 48%). During the first study period, 3871 patients were hospitalized for COVID-19 and 759 (20%) died; during the second period 3603 were hospitalized for COVID-19 and 686 (19%) died. In the propensity score-weighted Cox models, risk of hospitalization for COVID-19 was associated with exposure to topicals or nonbiologics [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1·11 (1·04–1·20) and 1·27 (1·09–1·48), respectively] during the first period, and with all exposure types, during the second period. None of the exposure types was associated with in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19.
Conclusions
Systemic treatments for psoriasis (including biologics) were not associated with increased risk of in-hospital mortality due to COVID-19. These results support maintaining systemic treatment for psoriasis during the pandemic.
Inorganic nitrate attenuates cardiac dysfunction: roles for xanthine oxidoreductase and nitric oxide
Authors: Gee Lorna C. , Massimo Gianmichele , Lau Clement , Primus Christopher , Fernandes Daniel , Chen Jianmin , Rathod Krishnaraj S. , Hamers Alexander J. P. , Filomena Federica , Nuredini Gani , Ibrahim Abdiwahab Shidane , Khambata Rayomand S. , Gupta Ajay K. , Moon James C. , Kapil Vikas , Ahluwalia Amrita 
Published: July 2021

Background and purposeNO is a vasodilator and independent modulator of cardiac remodelling. Commonly, in cardiac disease (e.g., heart failure), endothelial dysfunction (synonymous with NO deficiency) has been implicated in increased BP, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Currently, no effective therapies replacing NO have succeeded in the clinic. Inorganic nitrate (NO3−), through chemical reduction to nitrite and then to NO, exerts potent BP lowering, but whether it might be useful in treating undesirable cardiac remodelling is not known.Experimental approachWe analysed demographics in a nested age‐ and sex‐matched case–control study of hypertensive patients with or without left ventricular hypertrophy (NCT03088514) and assessed the effects of dietary nitrate in mouse models of cardiac dysfunction.Key resultsLower plasma nitrite concentrations and vascular dysfunction accompanied cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in patients. In mouse models of cardiac remodelling, restoration of circulating nitrite levels using dietary nitrate improved endothelial dysfunction through targeting the xanthine oxidoreductase‐driven increase in levels of H2O2 and superoxide, and decreased cardiac fibrosis through NO‐mediated block of SMAD phosphorylation leading to improvements in cardiac structure and function.Conclusions and implicationsDietary nitrate offers easily translatable therapeutic options for delivery of NO and thereby treatment of cardiac dysfunction.
Lobbying “from within”: A new perspective on the revolving door and regulatory capture
Authors: Yates Stéphanie , Cardin‐Trudeau Étienne 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study explores the revolving door phenomenon–when public office holders move back and forth from the public to the private sector, often becoming lobbyists–and its implications on regulatory capture. It draws on the literature on regulatory capture theory and 46 interviews conducted in Quebec with public officers (ministers, chiefs of staff, deputy ministers, and heads of governmental organizations) whose career path includes a revolving door scenario, as well as observers of the phenomenon. New light is shed on capture theory by using a broad definition of the revolving door that focuses on the entry stage. A key finding is that “cultural capture” can occur when new public officers come from the same private sector now within their purview. Based on public officers’ allegiance to their former industry, lobbying is de facto exerted, “from within.” Despite clear irregularities and conflicts of interest, most of those interviewed do not believe in tightening rules and prefer continuing with vigilance from public office holders, journalists, and other observers.
Impact of hypoxia on the pathogenesis and therapy resistance in multiple myeloma
Authors: Ikeda Sho , Tagawa Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultiple myeloma (MM) is a refractory plasma cell tumor. In myeloma cells, the transcription factor IRF4, the master regulator of plasma cells, is aberrantly upregulated and plays an essential role in oncogenesis. IRF4 forms a positive feedback loop with MYC, leading to additional tumorigenic properties. In recent years, molecular targeted therapies have contributed to a significant improvement in the prognosis of MM. Nevertheless, almost all patients experience disease progression, which is thought to be a result of treatment resistance induced by various elements of the bone marrow microenvironment. Among these, the hypoxic response, one of the key processes for cellular homeostasis, induces hypoxia‐adapted traits such as undifferentiation, altered metabolism, and dissemination, leading to drug resistance. These inductions are caused by ectopic gene expression changes mediated by the activation of hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs). By contrast, the expression levels of IRF4 and MYC are markedly reduced by hypoxic stress. Notably, an anti‐apoptotic capability is usually acquired under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, but the mechanism is distinct. This fact strongly suggests that myeloma cells may survive by switching their dependent regulatory factors from IRF4 and MYC (normoxic bone marrow region) to HIF (hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment). Therefore, to achieve deep remission, combination therapeutic agents, which are complementarily effective against both IRF4‐MYC‐dominant and HIF‐dominated fractions, may become an important therapeutic strategy for MM.
The effectiveness of mitomycin C in Otolaryngology procedures: A systematic review
Authors: Luu Kimberly , Tellez Paula A. , Chadha Neil K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveMany studies have evaluated the effectiveness of topical intraoperative mitomycin (MCC) usage in a wide range of otolaryngologic procedures with variable conclusions on effectiveness. This systematic review aims to provide a qualitative estimation of mitomycin C’s treatment effectiveness in maintaining or preventing stenosis after surgical interventions.Design and SettingFollowing the PRISMA guideline, a comprehensive systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases was performed including hand‐searching and cross‐reference checking.ParticipantsThe search was limited to humans, sample size greater than two and study designs including a comparative arm.Main Outcome MeasuresOutcome measures varied but included rates of restenosis, number of procedures, and post‐surgical patency.ResultsA total of 571 unique abstracts and 109 full articles were reviewed. Seventy‐seven studies were included in the final analysis. The available evidence ranged from case series to randomized control studies. Meta‐analysis was deemed inappropriate due to heterogeneity of study design. Thirty‐eight studies assessed the effective of MCC in dacryocystorhinostomy, which is reported in a separate meta‐analysis. All other studies were categorized into otolaryngologic site and pathology including choanal atresia (n = 5), endoscopic sinus surgery (n = 12), airway procedures (n = 9), esophageal procedures (n = 8) and other (n = 2).ConclusionsThe published literature on the effectiveness of MMC was mixed, but suggested topical MMC improved surgical outcomes in many otolaryngologic procedures compared to controls. This was the first review to assemble literature on MMC usage for different surgical procedures. Comprehensive interpretation of the data was limited due to heterogeneity in primary outcome, procedure type and study quality. High‐quality prospective and randomized controlled studies are required to further confirm the positive effect of MMC use on surgical outcomes.
Broad‐scale patterns of geographic avoidance between species emerge in the absence of fine‐scale mechanisms of coexistence
Authors: Novella‐Fernandez Roberto , Juste Javier , Ibáñez Carlos , Rebelo Hugo , Russo Danilo , Alberdi Antton , Kiefer Andreas , Graham Laura , Paul Hynek , Doncaster Charles Patrick , Razgour Orly 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimThe need to forecast range shifts under future climate change has motivated an increasing interest in better understanding the role of biotic interactions in driving diversity patterns. The contribution of biotic interactions to shaping broad‐scale species distributions is, however, still debated, partly due to the difficulty of detecting their effects. We aim to test whether spatial exclusion between potentially competing species can be detected at the species range scale, and whether this pattern relates to fine‐scale mechanisms of coexistence.LocationWestern Palearctic.MethodsWe develop and evaluate a measure of geographic avoidance that uses outputs of species distribution models to quantify geographic exclusion patterns expected if interspecific competition affects broad‐scale distributions. We apply the measure to 10 Palearctic bat species belonging to four morphologically similar cryptic groups in which competition is likely to occur. We compare outputs to null models based on pairs of virtual species and to expectations based on ecological similarity and fine‐scale coexistence mechanisms. We project changes in range suitability under climate change taking into account effects of geographic avoidance.ResultsValues of geographic avoidance were above null expectations for two cryptic species pairs, suggesting that interspecific competition could have contributed to shaping their broad‐scale distributions. These two pairs showed highest levels of ecological similarity and no trophic or habitat partitioning. Considering the role of competition modified predictions of future range suitability.Main conclusionsOur results support the role of interspecific competition in limiting the geographic ranges of morphologically similar species in the absence of fine‐scale mechanisms of coexistence. This study highlights the importance of incorporating biotic interactions into predictive models of range shifts under climate change, and the need for further integration of community ecology with species distribution models to understand the role of competition in ecology and biogeography.
Body size and digestive system shape resource selection by ungulates: A cross‐taxa test of the forage maturation hypothesis
Authors: Esmaeili Saeideh , Jesmer Brett R. , Albeke Shannon E. , Aikens Ellen O. , Schoenecker Kathryn A. , King Sarah R. B. , Abrahms Briana , Buuveibaatar Bayarbaatar , Beck Jeffrey L. , Boone Randall B. , Cagnacci Francesca , Chamaillé‐Jammes Simon , Chimeddorj Buyanaa , Cross Paul C. , Dejid Nandintsetseg , Enkhbyar Jagdag , Fischhoff Ilya R. , Ford Adam T. , Jenks Kate , Hemami Mahmoud‐Reza , Hennig Jacob D. , Ito Takehiko Y. , Kaczensky Petra , Kauffman Matthew J. , Linnell John D. C. , Lkhagvasuren Badamjav , McEvoy John F. , Melzheimer Joerg , Merkle Jerod A. , Mueller Thomas , Muntifering Jeff , Mysterud Atle , Olson Kirk A. , Panzacchi Manuela , Payne John C. , Pedrotti Luca , Rauset Geir R. , Rubenstein Daniel I. , Sawyer Hall , Scasta John. D. , Signer Johannes , Songer Melissa , Stabach Jared A. , Stapleton Seth , Strand Olav , Sundaresan Siva R. , Usukhjargal Dorj , Uuganbayar Ganbold , Fryxell John M. , Goheen Jacob R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe forage maturation hypothesis (FMH) states that energy intake for ungulates is maximised when forage biomass is at intermediate levels. Nevertheless, metabolic allometry and different digestive systems suggest that resource selection should vary across ungulate species. By combining GPS relocations with remotely sensed data on forage characteristics and surface water, we quantified the effect of body size and digestive system in determining movements of 30 populations of hindgut fermenters (equids) and ruminants across biomes. Selection for intermediate forage biomass was negatively related to body size, regardless of digestive system. Selection for proximity to surface water was stronger for equids relative to ruminants, regardless of body size. To be more generalisable, we suggest that the FMH explicitly incorporate contingencies in body size and digestive system, with small‐bodied ruminants selecting more strongly for potential energy intake, and hindgut fermenters selecting more strongly for surface water.
Whole‐genome sequencing reveals the artificial selection and local environmental adaptability of pigeons (Columba livia)
Authors: Hou Haobin , Wang Xiaoliang , Ding Weixing , Xiao Changfeng , Cai Xia , Lv Wenwei , Tu Yingying , Zhao Weimin , Yao Junfeng , Yang Changsuo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo meet human needs, domestic pigeons (Columba livia) with various phenotypes have been bred to provide genetic material for our research on artificial selection and local environmental adaptation. Seven pigeon breeds were resequenced and can be divided into commercial varieties (Euro‐pigeon, Shiqi, Shen King, Taishen, and Silver King), ornamental varieties (High Fliers), and local varieties (Tarim pigeon). Phylogenetic analysis based on population resequencing showed that one group contained local breeds and ornamental pigeons from China, whereas all commercial varieties were clustered together. It is revealed that the traditional Chinese ornamental pigeon is a branch of Tarim pigeon. Runs of homozygosity (ROH) and linkage disequilibrium (LD) analyses revealed significant differences in the genetic diversity of the three types of pigeons. Genome sweep analysis revealed that the selected genes of commercial breeds were related to body size, reproduction, and plumage color. The genomic imprinting genes left by the ornamental pigeon breeds were mostly related to special human facial features and muscular dystrophy. The Tarim pigeon has evolved genes related to chemical ion transport, photoreceptors, oxidative stress, organ development, and olfaction in order to adapt to local environmental stress. This research provides a molecular basis for pigeon genetic resource evaluation and genetic improvement and suggests that the understanding of adaptive evolution should integrate the effects of various natural environmental characteristics.