bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of yeast culture feed supply on growth, ruminal pH, and digestibility of fattening calves
Authors: Maamouri Omar , Ben Salem Mondher 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study was carried out to predict the effects of yeast culture on growth, intake, and digestibility in vitro of calves for fattening. The trial involved 16 fattening calves divided into two homogeneous groups (n = 8), based on the initial body weight (414 ± 25.1 kg and 416 ± 24.4 kg) (p = .96) for the control group (C) and the experimental group (Y). The ration is wheat straw and concentrate. Group Y additionally receives a quantity of 10 g/calf/day of yeast culture. The quantity of feed was 5 kg DM/calf/day of wheat straw and 8kg DM/calf/day of concentrate. This trial lasted 112 days. We measure the weights every two weeks with a cattle scale and also the rejected quantities of wheat straw at each measure. A significant increase (p < .01) in total average daily gain (adgT) during the trial was observed at 200g/calf. In addition, an increase (p < .01) in the final weight gain (FWG) was observed at 19 kg/calf for group Y compared with group C. Intake does not vary with the yeast culture. The feed conversion rate (FCR) was lower for group Y compared with group C (7.8 ± 0.2 versus 9.6 ± 0.5, p < .01). We observed a notable increase in ruminal pH for group Y compared with group C.
Civic Learning When the Facts Are Politicized: How Values Shape Facts, and What to Do about It
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSocial debates about highly technical topics are often driven by values yet dwell on facts. The debate about whether genetically modified organisms are acceptable in food, for example, focuses on causal claims about consumers’ health or the environment, but the language and imagery surrounding it often point to underlying misgivings about the human relationship to nature or the use of science. In such cases, it is not always possible to resolve the factual disputes simply by articulating the facts better. Because of various features of human reasoning—cognitive biases and heuristics, the very nature of facts, and the central role of social trust in how people learn—facts cannot be fully disentangled from values. Three lessons can then be drawn. First, values sometimes need to be discussed at the outset of debate, before or while addressing facts. Second, factual issues can and should sometimes be framed in less politicized ways. Third, factual claims that have a limited evidentiary basis may nonetheless need to be aired and discussed.
DFT Simulations as Valuable Tool to Support NMR Characterization of Halide Perovskites: the Case of Pure and Mixed Halide Perovskites
Authors: Quarti Claudio , Furet Eric , Katan Claudine 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSolid state NMR spectroscopy is swiftly emerging as useful tool to characterize the structure, composition and dynamic properties of lead halide perovskites. On the other hand, interpretation of solid state NMR signatures is often challenging, because of the potential presence of many overlapping signals in small range of chemical shifts, hence complicating the extraction of detailed structural features. Here, we demonstrate the reliability of periodic Density Functional Theory in providing theoretical support for the NMR characterization of halide perovskite compounds, considering nuclei with spin I=1/2. For light 1H and 13C nuclei, we predict NMR chemical shifts in good agreement with experiment, further highlighting the effects of motional narrowing. Accurate prediction of the NMR response of 207Pb nuclei is comparably more challenging, but we successfully reproduce the downshift in frequency when changing the halide composition from pure iodine to pure bromine. Furthermore, we confirm NMR as ideal tool to study mixed halide perovskite compounds, currently at the limelight for tandem solar cells and color‐tunable light emission.
Barriers and motivators for preschoolers playing and walking with their dog: Results from qualitative research
Authors: Coci Melissa , Saunders Julie , Christian Hayley 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIssues AddressedA large proportion of preschoolers do not meet the recommended three hours of daily physical activity. A potential source of daily physical activity could be that provided via the family dog.This qualitative study aimed to explore the barriers and motivators to preschoolers playing with their dog and participating in family dog walks.MethodsTwelve in‐depth interviews were conducted with parents of preschoolers who owned a dog. A semistructured interview guide was used, and transcripts were analysed thematically.ResultsFactors influencing preschoolers playing with their dog and participating in family dog walks included parents' level of attachment to their dog, parental history of dog ownership, parent modelling of safe dog play, type of play the family dog enjoys and proximity to dog‐ and child‐friendly destinations. Other factors such as the size, level of socialisation and perceived exercise requirements of the dog, physical environment factors such as backyard size and individual factors such as time and existing commitments were also reported.ConclusionsA number of dog, individual and physical environment specific factors should be considered when promoting preschooler physical activity through dog walking and play.So what?A large proportion of preschoolers do not meet the recommended three hours of daily physical activity. In Australia, 43% of Australian households with children aged four to five own a dog. Dog‐facilitated physical activity through family dog walks and active play could be an effective strategy for increasing preschooler physical activity.
Daphnetin exerts an anticancer effect by attenuating the pro‐inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Pei Qiang , Hu Peng , Zhang Haixi , Li Huiyuan , Yang Tonghua , Liu Rui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLeukemia is a malignant tissue‐forming disease, which induces the overproduction of large numbers of immature blood cells entering the peripheral blood. It is well documented that inflammation plays a crucial role in the expansion of leukemia. Daphnetin has confirmed anti‐inflammatory effects against various diseases. In this experimental study, we evaluated the anti‐leukemia and anti‐inflammatory effect of daphnetin against benzene‐induced leukemia in rats and explored the underlying mechanism. Benzene was used for inducing leukemia in experimental rats. The rats were divided into different groups and the body weight, hematological parameters, bone marrow cells, cytokines, and inflammatory mediators were estimated. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was used for estimating the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor‐1. Daphnetin‐treated rats showed upregulation of body weight compared to other groups. Moreover, Daphnetin reduced blasts in leukemic rats. It also altered hematological parameters such as red blood cells, white blood cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, monocytes, and basophils, respectively. Daphnetin‐treated rats showed a reduction of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐2, IL‐6, and inflammatory mediators including nuclear factor‐κB. RT‐PCR showed upregulated mRNA expression of sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor‐1 of daphnetin‐treated group rats compared to other groups. The current study showed that the anti‐inflammatory effect of daphnetin against the benzene‐induced leukemia via alteration of cytokines.
Drupin, a thrombin‐like protease prompts platelet activation and aggregation through protease‐activated receptors
Authors: Manjuprasanna Vaddarahally N. , Urs Amog P. , Rudresha Gotravalli V. , Milan Gowda Mallanayakanakatte D. , Jayachandra Krishnegowda , Hiremath Vilas , Rajaiah Rajesh , Vishwanath Bannikuppe S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHemostasis is a proteolytically regulated process that requires activation of platelets and the blood coagulation cascade upon vascular injury. Activated platelets create a thrombogenic environment and amplify the coagulation process. Plant latex proteases (PLPs) have been used as therapeutic components to treat various ailments by folk healers. One of the main applications of plant latices is to stop bleeding from minor injuries and to enhance wound healing activity. Although many studies have reported the pro‐coagulant activities of PLPs, an in‐depth investigation is required to understand the mechanism of action of PLPs on platelets. Here, the effect of PLPs on platelet aggregation was studied systematically to validate the observed pharmacological effect by folk healers. Among 29 latices from the Ficus genus tested, Ficus drupacea exhibited potent pro‐coagulant and thrombin‐like activity. Drupin, a thrombin‐like cysteine protease responsible for platelet aggregation was purified from F. drupacea latex. Drupin exhibits pro‐coagulant activity and reduces the bleeding time in mice tail. It induces platelet aggregation by activating mitogen‐activated protein kinases and the nuclear factor‐κB and PI3K/Akt signalling cascade, which, in turn, phosphorylats, cytosolic phospholipase A2 leading to the release of thromboxane A2 from the granules to activate the nearby platelets to aggregate. Furthermore, we investigated the involvement of protease‐activated receptors in drupin‐induced platelet aggregation using specific protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1) and PAR4 receptor antagonists. The results confirmed that the drupin‐induced platelet aggregation was mediated by both PAR1 and PAR4, synergistically. Overall, drupin reduces the bleeding time by exerting pro‐coagulant activity and induces platelet aggregation by activating the intracellular signalling cascade.
Social networks and subjective wellbeing of adults in a Housing First program
Authors: Addo Reuben , Yuma Paula , Barrera Irán , Layton Danielle 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study explored the social network properties and the correlates between social networks and subjective wellbeing of adults (N = 80) in a Housing First (HF) program. Using structured interviews, participants’ social network properties were assessed. Bivariate correlations and backward multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the association between social networks and subjective wellbeing. Findings indicate a combination of years of homelessness, years in housing, frequency of contact, intimate relationship, and perceived social support significantly predicted subjective wellbeing (F (5, 74) = 2.74, p = 0.025). While perceived social support was positively associated with subjective wellbeing, frequency of contact was negatively associated with subjective wellbeing. It is recommended that service providers develop strengths‐focused perspectives of the social networks of HF residents as potential contributors to subjective wellbeing. Service providers may need to pay more attention to HF residents with frequent contacts with network members, as they may have more distress.
Reference Values for Ventricular Volumes and Pulmonary Artery Dimensions in Pediatric Patients with Transposition of the Great Arteries After Arterial Switch Operation
Authors: Voges Inga , Boll Christien , Caliebe Amke , Gabbert Dominik , Uebing Anselm , Krupickova Sylvia 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundPulmonary artery (PA) anatomy in patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) after arterial switch operation (ASO) with Lecompte manoeuvre is different compared to healthy subjects, and stenoses of the PA are common. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an excellent imaging modality to assess PA anatomy in TGA patients. However, disease‐specific reference values for PA size are scarce.PurposeTo establish disease‐specific reference ranges for PA dimensions and for biventricular volumes and mass.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsA total of 69 pediatric patients with TGA after ASO (median age 12.6 years; range 5–17.8 years; 13 females and 56 males).Field Strength/Sequence3.0 T, steady‐state free precession (SSFP) and gradient echo cine sequences and four‐dimensional time‐resolved magnetic resonance angiography with keyhole.AssessmentRight and left PA (RPA, LPA) were each measured at three locations during its course around the aorta. Ventricular volumes, mass, and ejection fraction were measured from a stack of short axis cine images.Statistical TestsThe lambda‐mu‐sigma (LMS) method of Cole and Green, univariate and multivariate linear models, and t‐test.ResultsCentile graphs and tables for PA dimensions, biventricular volumes, mass, and ejection fraction were created. Univariate linear analysis showed significant associations (P < 0.05) between body surface area (BSA), height, and weight with systolic MPA and RPA diameter. In multivariate linear analysis, only BSA remained a strong predictor for main PA and RPA diameters. For biventricular volumes, the univariate linear model revealed a strong influence of BSA, height, weight, and age (all P < 0.05). On multivariate linear analysis, only body height remained associated.Data ConclusionUni‐ and multivariate linear analyses showed a strong association between BSA and PA diameters, as well as between height and biventricular volumes, and therefore, centile tables and graphs are presented accordingly. Our data may improve MR image interpretation and may serve as a reference in future studies.Level of Evidence4Technical Efficacy Stage2
How much change in pelvic sagittal tilt can result in hip dislocation due to prosthetic impingement? A computer simulation study
Authors: Pour Aidin Eslam , Schwarzkopf Ran , Patel Kunj Paresh Kumar , Anjaria Manan P. , Lazennec Jean Yves , Dorr Lawrence D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDeveloping spinal pathologies and spinal fusion after total hip arthroplasty (THA) can result in increased pelvic retroversion (e.g., flat back deformity) or increased anterior pelvic tilt (caused by spinal stenosis, spinal fusion or other pathologies) while bending forward. This change in sagittal pelvic tilt (SPT) can result in prosthetic impingement and dislocation. Our aim was to determine the magnitude of SPT change that could lead to prosthetic impingement. We hypothesized that the magnitude of SPT change that could lead to THA dislocation is less than 10° and it varies for different hip motions. Hip motion was simulated in standing, sitting, sit‐to‐stand, bending forward, squatting and pivoting in Matlab software. The implant orientations and SPT angle were modified by 1° increments. The risk of prosthetic impingement in pivoting caused by increased pelvic retroversion (reciever operating characteristic [ROC] threshold as low as 1–3°) is higher than the risk of prosthetic impingement with increased pelvic anteversion (ROC threshold as low as 16–18°). Larger femoral heads decrease the risk of prosthetic impingement (odds ratio {OR}: 0.08 [932 mm head]; OR: 0.01 [36 mm head]; OR: 0.002 [40 mm head]). Femoral stems with a higher neck‐shaft angle decrease the prosthetic impingement due to SPT change in motions requiring hip flexion (OR: 1.16 [132° stem]; OR: 4.94 [135° stem]). Our results show that overall, the risk of prosthetic impingement due to SPT change is low. In particular, this risk is very low when a larger diameter head is used and femoral offset and length are recreated to prevent bone on bone impingement.
Impaired regenerative capacity and senescence‐associated secretory phenotype in mesenchymal stromal cells from samples of patients with aseptic joint arthroplasty loosening
Authors: Ebert Regina , Weissenberger Manuel , Braun Clemens , Wagenbrenner Mike , Herrmann Marietta , Müller‐Deubert Sigrid , Krug Melanie , Jakob Franz , Rudert Maximilian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAseptic loosening of total hip and knee joint replacements is the most common indication for revision surgery after primary hip and knee arthroplasty. Research suggests that exposure and uptake of wear by mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and macrophages results in the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and local osteolysis, but also impaired cell viability and regenerative capacity of MSC. Therefore, this in vitro study compared the regenerative and differentiation capacity of MSC derived from patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (MSCprim) to MSC derived from patients undergoing revision surgery after aseptic loosening of total hip and knee joint implants (MSCrev). Regenerative capacity was examined by measuring the cumulative population doubling (CPD) in addition to the number of passages until cells stopped proliferating. Osteogenesis and adipogenesis in monolayer cultures were assessed using histological stainings. Furthermore, RT‐PCR was performed to evaluate the relative expression of osteogenic and adipogenic marker genes as well as the expression of markers for a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP). MSCrev possessed a limited regenerative capacity in comparison to MSCprim. Interestingly, MSCrev also showed an impaired osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation capacity compared to MSCprim and displayed a SASP early after isolation. Whether this is the cause or the consequence of the aseptic loosening of total joint implants remains unclear. Future research should focus on the identification of specific cell markers on MSCprim, which may influence complication rates such as aseptic loosening of total joint arthroplasty to further individualize and optimize total joint arthroplasty.
Sustained reduction in discharge opioid volumes through provider education: Results of 1168 cancer surgery patients over 2 years
Authors: Kim Bradford J. , Newhook Timothy E. , Blumenthaler Alisa , Chiang Yi‐Ju , Aloia Thomas A. , Roland Christina L. , Katz Matthew H. G. , Vauthey Jean‐Nicolas , Lee Jeffrey E. , Tzeng Ching‐Wei D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundAn opioid reduction education program to decrease discharge opioid prescriptions was initiated in our Department of Surgical Oncology. The study's aim was to measure the results and sustainability of these interventions 1 year later.MethodsThis prospective quality improvement project identified patients undergoing resection in five index tumor sites (peritoneal surface, sarcoma, stomach, pancreas, liver) at a high‐volume cancer center. Patients were grouped into pre‐education (PRE: July 2017–July 2018) and posteducation (POST: September 2018–July 2019) periods, before and after departmental education talks and videos in August 2018. Opioids were converted to oral morphine equivalents (OME) to compare the groups.ResultsOf 1168 evaluable patients (PRE 646, 55%; POST 522, 45%), the median last‐24‐h inpatient OME was 15 mg in PRE patients and 10 mg in POST patients (p < .001). Median discharge OME decreased from 200 mg in PRE to 100 mg in POST patients (p < .001). The frequency of patients with zero discharge opioids increased from 11% to 19% (p < .001). This discharge OME reduction amounted to 52,200 mg OME saved, or the equivalent of 6960 5‐mg oxycodone pills not disseminated.ConclusionsA perioperative opioid reduction education program targeted to providers halved discharge OME, with sustained reductions 1 year later.
Saving money or losing face? An international study on social stigmatization in discount stores
Authors: Homburg Christian , Ukrainets Kateryna 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSocial stigmatization is detrimental to its victims, leaving them devalued and discriminated against by society. Can social stigmatization of marginalized low‐income social groups also influence non‐stigmatized high‐status consumers? If so, does the individual's cultural value of power distance (PD) moderate this relationship? Previous consumer research on social stigmatization has neglected these questions. In a discount‐store context, we analyze the moderating effect of an individual's cultural value of PD on the link between the social stigmatization of low‐income customers and the customer loyalty of higher‐income customers. In an international scenario‐based experimental study, we collected data in the United Kingdom, Germany, China, and Russia, resulting in a sample size of 1675 consumers. The empirical findings, which are based on structural equation modeling with latent variables, show the positive direct and negative indirect relationship between the social stigmatization of low‐income customers and the customer loyalty of higher‐income customers. The results of a multi‐group causal analysis indicate that an individual's cultural value of PD strongly influences the strength of this relationship. These findings demonstrate that social stigmatization has stronger effects on individuals with a high level of PD.
Dispersion of mean consecutive differences in single‐fiber electromyography increases diagnostic sensitivity for myasthenia gravis
Authors: Kojima Yuta , Shibuya Kazumoto , Uzawa Akiyuki , Kano Hiroki , Nakamura Keigo , Yasuda Manato , Suzuki Yo‐ichi , Tsuneyama Atsuko , Suichi Tomoki , Ozawa Yukiko , Misawa Sonoko , Noto Yu‐ichi , Mizuno Toshiki , Kuwabara Satoshi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionIn this study we aimed to investigate the dispersion of mean consecutive difference (MCD) of concentric needle jitter studies of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and its effect on diagnostic sensitivity for MG.MethodsOne hundred fifty‐three patients, including 76 patients with MG and 77 controls with possible MG who later received another diagnosis, underwent stimulated concentric needle jitter studies of the frontalis muscle. MCD mean, standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses.ResultsMG patients showed a significantly greater MCD mean (MG: control, 26.3 μs; 13.5 μs [median]; P < .0001), MCD SD (MG: control, 12.8 μs; 5.1 μs [median]; P < .0001), and MCD CV (MG: control, 46.1; 37.5 [median]; P < .001) than those without MG. An ROC curve of SD showed a large area under the curve (0.88), and a cut‐off value of 7.2 μs, which was calculated by maximum Youden index, exhibited high diagnostic sensitivity (86%) for MG. Combined MCD mean, outliers, and SD criteria showed higher sensitivity (88%) than conventional criteria alone (82%), at the expense of lower specificity. Five MG patients with normal MCD mean and abnormal MCD SD had only ocular symptoms.DiscussionThe dispersion of MCD as measured by MCD SD greater than 7.2 μs is significantly increased in patients with MG and may be a useful measure of abnormal jitter in the diagnosis of MG, especially for identifying patients with mild disease.
Fabrication and performance evaluation of waste cotton and polyester fiber‐reinforced green composites for building and construction applications
Authors: Kamble Zunjarrao , Behera Bijoya Kumar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis research reports thermoset composites reinforced with cotton and polyester fibers (recovered from pre‐consumer textile waste). The carded web of cotton and polyester fibers and epoxy resin were used to develop the composites using the compression molding technique. The polyester/epoxy composites show average tensile and impact strength higher than cotton/epoxy composites. However, cotton/epoxy composites show average flexural strength higher than polyester/epoxy composites. The bearing strength in a pinned joint for polyester/epoxy composites is higher than cotton/epoxy composites. The equilibrium water content of polyester/epoxy composites was found much less than the corresponding cotton/epoxy composite. The cotton/epoxy and polyester/epoxy composites are thermally stable enough.