bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceptability, Utility, and Cost of a Mobile Health Cancer Screening Education Application for Training Primary Care Physicians in India
Authors: Subramanian Sujha , Jose Regi , Lal Anoop , Augustine Paul , Jones Madeleine , Gopal Bipin K. , Swayamvaran Shinu Krishnan , Saroji Veena , Samadarsi Resmi , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Mobile health (mHealth)–based oncology education can be a powerful tool for providing cancer screening knowledge to physicians, as mobile technology is widely available and inexpensive. We developed a mobile application (M-OncoED) to educate physicians on cancer screening and tested the acceptability, utility, and cost of two different approaches to recruit physicians.

Methods
M-OncoED was designed to perform pre- and postlearning assessments through the in-built quizzes; present case studies and educational materials for cervical, breast, and oral cancer screening; collect responses to interactive queries; document module completion; send reminders and alerts; and track user metrics, including number of sessions to complete each module and time spent per session. We tested two recruitment approaches: a broad-scale recruitment group, for which we relied on e-mails, messaging apps (e.g., WhatsApp), and phone calls, and the targeted recruitment group, for which we conducted a face-to-face meeting for the initial invitation.

Results
Overall, about 35% of those invited in the targeted group completed the course compared with about 3% in the broad-based recruitment group. The targeted recruitment approach was more cost-efficient ($55.33 vs. $109.43 per person). Cervical cancer screening knowledge increased by about 30 percentage points, and breast cancer screening knowledge increased by 10 percentage points. There was no change in knowledge for oral cancer scorings.

Conclusion
This study has demonstrated the feasibility and utility of using an mHealth app to educate physicians. A more intensive hands-on recruitment approach is likely required to engage physicians to download and complete the app. Future studies should assess the impact of mHealth tools on physician behavior and patient outcomes.

Implications for Practice
Mobile health (mHealth)–based oncology education can be a powerful tool for providing cancer screening knowledge to physicians, as mobile technology is widely available and inexpensive. This study has demonstrated the feasibility and utility of using an mHealth app to educate physicians and illustrates the type of recruitment approach (face-to-face) that is likely required to incentivize physicians to download the app and complete the training.
Immunotherapy for Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Real-World Data from an Academic Central and Eastern European Center
Authors: Ivanović Marija , Knez Lea , Herzog Ana , Kovačević Mile , Cufer Tanja 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) recently became the standard treatment for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we present the first results of a real-world observational study on the effectiveness of ICI monotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC treated at a single academic center in a Central and Eastern European (CEE) country.

Materials and Methods
Overall, 66 consecutive patients with advanced NSCLC treated with ICIs in everyday clinical practice, either with first-line pembrolizumab (26 patients) or second-line atezolizumab, nivolumab, or pembrolizumab (40 patients), from August 2015 to November 2018, were included. All data were retrieved from a hospital lung cancer registry, in which the data is collected prospectively.

Results
Included patients had a median age of 64 years, most were male (55%), 6% were in performance status ≥2, and 18% had controlled central nervous system metastases at baseline. In first-line, the median progression-free survival (mPFS) was 9.3 months, while the median overall survival (mOS) was not reached. The 1-year overall survival (OS) was 62%. In second-line, the mPFS and mOS were 3.5 months and 9.9 months, respectively, with a 1-year OS of 35%. In the overall population, adverse events of any grade were recorded in 79% of patients and of severe grade (3–4) in 12% of patients.

Conclusion
The first real-world outcomes of NSCLC immunotherapy from a CEE country suggest comparable effectiveness to those observed in clinical trials and other real-world series, mainly coming from North America and Western European countries. Further data to inform on the real-world effectiveness of immunotherapy worldwide are needed.

Implications for Practice
Immunotherapy is a standard treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The real-world data on immunotherapy are still limited. This article presents the first data on the effectiveness of mono-immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with advanced NSCLC treated at a single academic center in a Central and Eastern European country. The survival rates and toxicity are comparable to those achieved in randomized clinical trials and other real-world series, coming mainly from North American and Western European countries. There is a pressing need to gather further data on the effectiveness of immunotherapy in everyday practice worldwide.
The loss of histone deacetylase 4 in macrophages exacerbates hepatic and adipose tissue inflammation in male but not in female mice with diet‐induced non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Kang Hyunju , Lee Yoojin , Kim Mi‐Bo , Hu Siqi , Jang Hyungryun , Park Young‐Ki , Lee Ji‐Young 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEpigenetic regulation in macrophages plays a crucial role in the inflammatory response of cells. We investigated the role of macrophage histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) in diet‐induced obesity and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis using macrophage‐specific Hdac4 knockout mice (Hdac4MKO). Hdac4 floxed control (Hdac4fl/fl) and Hdac4MKO mice were fed a regular chow diet or an obesogenic high‐fat/high‐sucrose/high‐cholesterol (HF/HS/HC) diet for 12 weeks. The loss of macrophage Hdac4, compared with Hdac4fl/fl control, aggravated the diet‐induced inflammation in the liver and white adipose tissue only in male mice. Splenic monocytes isolated from male mice fed the HF/HS/HC diet showed increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) sensitivity and decreased Ly6C–/Ly6C+ ratios in male Hdac4MKO mice, but not in females. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMs) from male Hdac4MKO mice had a lesser efferocytotic capacity but higher proinflammatory gene expression upon LPS stimulation than male Hdac4fl/fl mice. However, female Hdac4MKO BMMs exhibited the opposite responses. The induction of estrogen receptor α (ERα, Esr1) expression by LPS was less in male but more in female Hdac4MKO BMMs than Hdac4fl/fl BMMs. Moreover, overexpression of human HDAC4 decreased basal expression of Esr1 and abolished its induction by LPS. Inhibition of ERα increased Hdac4 with induction of inflammatory genes, whereas activation of ERα decreased Hdac4 with reduction of inflammatory genes in male and female Hdac4fl/fl BMMs treated with LPS. However, regardless of the inhibition or activation of ERα, proinflammatory genes were induced by LPS more in male Hdac4MKO BMMs than Hdac4fl/fl cells, whereas cells in females showed opposite responses. In conclusion, this study suggests that the lack of macrophage Hdac4 aggravates hepatic and white adipose inflammation in male mice with diet‐induced obesity and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis, and not in female mice. HDAC4 and ERα appear to counteract each other, but ERα may not be a major player in sex‐dependent inflammatory responses in macrophages deficient in HDAC4. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brg1 is required to maintain colorectal cancer stem cells
Authors: Yoshikawa Takaaki , Fukuda Akihisa , Omatsu Mayuki , Namikawa Mio , Sono Makoto , Fukunaga Yuichi , Masuda Tomonori , Araki Osamu , Nagao Munemasa , Ogawa Satoshi , Masuo Kenji , Goto Norihiro , Hiramatsu Yukiko , Muta Yu , Tsuda Motoyuki , Maruno Takahisa , Nakanishi Yuki , Kawada Kenji , Takaishi Shigeo , Seno Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTumor cells capable of self‐renewal and continuous production of progeny cells are called tumor stem cells (TSCs) and are considered to be potential therapeutic targets. However, the mechanisms underlying the survival and function of TSCs are not fully understood. We previously reported that chromatin remodeling regulator Brg1 is essential for intestinal stem cells in mice and Dclk1 is an intestinal TSC marker. In this study, we investigated the role of Brg1 in Dclk1+ intestinal tumor cells for the maintenance of intestinal tumors in mice. Specific ablation of Brg1 in Dclk1+ intestinal tumor cells reduced intestinal tumors in ApcMin mice, and continuous ablation of Brg1 maintained the reduction of intestinal tumors. Lineage tracing in the context of Brg1 ablation in Dclk1+ intestinal tumor cells revealed that Brg1‐null Dclk1+ intestinal tumor cells did not give rise to their descendent tumor cells, indicating that Brg1 is essential for the self‐renewal of Dclk1+ intestinal tumor cells. Five days after Brg1 ablation, we observed increased apoptosis in Dclk1+ tumor cells. Furthermore, Brg1 was crucial for the stemness of intestinal tumor cells in a spheroid culture system. BRG1 knockdown also impaired cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Microarray analysis revealed that apoptosis‐related genes were upregulated and stem cell‐related genes were downregulated in human CRC cells by BRG1 suppression. Consistently, high BRG1 expression correlated with poor disease‐specific survival in human CRC patients. These data indicate that Brg1 plays a crucial role in intestinal TSCs in mice by inhibiting apoptosis and is critical for cell survival and stem cell features in human CRC cells. Thus, BRG1 represents a new therapeutic target for human CRC. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) profiling reveals substantial metabolome diversity in seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) berries originating from different geographical regions in the Indian Himalayas
Authors: Singh Sugandh , Sharma Prakash Chand 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionSeabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is a high‐altitude plant with immense medicinal, nutritional, and therapeutic value. Earlier studies have documented the presence of various useful bioactive substances in this species; however, comprehensive metabolome profiling of seabuckthorn berries originating from different regions of the Indian Himalayas has not been undertaken.ObjectiveMetabolomic profiling of seabuckthorn berries originating from different geographical sites in the Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir regions of the Indian Himalayas was performed by using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.Materials and methodsThe GC–MS metabolome profiles of seabuckthorn berries collected from different sites (altitude 1,400–4,270 m; average temperature 8°C–27°C) were subjected to multivariate analysis following principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis.ResultsThe GC–MS results showed substantial variability for berry metabolites, including fatty acids, alkyl ethers, and alkyl esters. Fatty acids and their esters were mainly responsible for the variation in the berry metabolome. The metabolite expression profile heat map revealed two distinct groups of seabuckthorn berries originating from Himachal Pradesh (Lahaul and Spiti) and Jammu & Kashmir (Leh, Nubra, and Kargil), the former showing higher expression of metabolites. Interestingly, a strong negative association existed between altitude and the amounts of metabolites such as amides, alkyl esters, alcohols, sugars, and sugar esters. In contrast, temperature showed a strong positive association with ketone and alkyl ether levels.ConclusionGC–MS profiling provides important phytochemical indicators to distinguish between seabuckthorn berries from different geographical sites. Our metabolome profiling analysis generated valuable information that will be useful in the formulation of various seabuckthorn products, benefiting farmers and industries.
A qualitative study of mechanisms influencing social inequality in cancer communication
Authors: Dencker Annemarie , Tjørnhøj‐Thomsen Tine , Pedersen Pia Vivian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo understand and describe mechanisms influencing social inequality in cancer communication between patients, companions and healthcare professionals.MethodsThe study was based on observations of 104 encounters and 30 semi‐structured interviews with nurses and medical doctors on three Danish oncology wards. Observations, interviews and subsequent analysis were guided by the theoretical framework of cultural health capital developed by Shim to investigate mechanisms that may generate social inequality in cancer communication. The analysis addressed both interactive processes and interpretative meanings.ResultsInformation exchange was affected by (1) patient insight and preparation, (2) the presence of companions, and (3) communicating on patients' “home ground.” Patients who, on the basis of language and hygiene, were assessed to have low capacity, received less information. Lack of mutual exchange of information left healthcare professionals and patients with fewer opportunities to provide—or receive—the best treatment.ConclusionExchange of information between patients, companions and healthcare professionals is co‐constructed in a mutual dynamic. To avoid social inequality in cancer communication, it is crucial that questions and answers allow proportionate insight into disease and treatment both for patients and for healthcare professionals.
Diffusion of Anisotropic Colloidal Microparticles Fabricated Using Two‐Photon Lithography
Authors: Doan David , Kulikowski John , Gu X. Wendy 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolymeric particles with complex shapes are required for biomedical therapies, colloidal self‐assembly, and micro‐robotics. It has been challenging to synthesize particles beyond simple shapes (e.g., spheres, cubes) with high structural accuracy using existing methods. Here, a method for fabricating polymeric microparticles of complex 3D shapes is reported using two‐photon lithography, and dispersing the particles in an aqueous solution on a glass substrate. The fabrication of polyhedrons (e.g., tetrahedron, pyramid), polypods (e.g., tetrapod, hexapod), and other shapes of 5–10 µm in size is demonstrated. Confocal microscopy is used to track the motion of the sphere, tetrahedron, tetrapod, and screw‐shaped particles near the substrate, and determine their translational diffusion coefficients. HYDRO++ is used to simulate the motion of the particles far from the substrate. The influence of particle size and substrate effects on diffusion in the spherical particles is determined and finds that the non‐spherical particles have increased hindrance at the substrate compared to the spherical particles.
Laser‐Induced Graphitic Carbon with Ultrasmall Nickel Nanoparticles for Efficient Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Lam Do Van , Nguyen Van‐Toan , Roh Euijin , Ngo Quang‐Tung , Choi Wanuk , Kim Jae‐Hyun , Kim Hyunuk , Choi Ho‐Suk , Lee Seung‐Mo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMetal nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitic carbon can show high catalytic efficiency and stability, yet the production method remains improved. Herein, it is demonstrated that a Ni‐based metal–organic framework [EG‐MOF‐74(Ni)] can be rapidly transformed into ultrasmall Ni‐nanoparticles with different sizes (4–11 nm) encapsulated in graphitic carbon via the laser‐scribing method. The synthesized sample shows the best electrocatalytic performances with excellent stability in alkaline electrolyte for oxygen/hydrogen evolution reactions with overpotentials of 0.35/0.18 V at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 when the Ni particle size is ≈6 nm. This is because of its well‐developed micro/mesoporous structure, high electronic transport, and large electrochemical active surface area. An electrolyzer with Ni‐nanoparticles encapsulated in the graphitic carbon shows a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at a voltage of 1.6 V, which is comparable to the Pt/C and RuO2 counterparts. The laser‐based synthesis can serve as a powerful tool for the size‐controlled synthesis of various catalysts out of MOFs.
An overview of diagnosis and management of drug‐induced hypomagnesemia
Authors: Liamis George , Hoorn Ewout J. , Florentin Matilda , Milionis Haralampos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) is commonly addressed as the “forgotten ion” in medicine. Nonetheless, hypomagnesemia should be suspected in clinical practice in patients with relevant symptomatology and also be considered a predisposing factor for the development of other electrolyte disturbances. Furthermore, chronic hypomagnesemia has been associated with diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Hypomagnesemia as a consequence of drug therapy is relatively common, with the list of drugs inducing low serum Mg levels expanding. Culprit medications linked to hypomagnesemia include antibiotics (e.g. aminoglycosides, amphotericin B), diuretics, antineoplastic drugs (cisplatin and cetuximab), calcineurin inhibitors, and proton pump inhibitors. In recent years, the mechanisms of drug‐induced hypomagnesemia have been unraveled through the discovery of key Mg transporters in the gut and kidney. This narrative review of available literature focuses on the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying drug‐induced hypomagnesemia in order to increase the insight of clinicians toward early diagnosis and effective management.
Sensitivity of snowfall forecast over North China to ice crystal deposition/sublimation parameterizations in the WSM6 cloud microphysics scheme
Authors: Ma Zhanshan , Milbrandt Jason A. , Liu Qijun , Zhao Chuanfeng , Li Zhe , Tao Fa , Sun Jian , Shen Xueshun , Kong Qi , Zhou Feifei , Huang Liping , Dai Kan , Sun Leqiang , Chen Jiong , Jiang Qingu , Fan Hao , Yang Yikun , Hu Xiangfeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIce‐phase cloud microphysical processes are very complicated, and there are still many uncertainties in current microphysics parameterization schemes. In this study, two alternative ice crystal deposition/sublimation (ICDS) parameterizations, following the Harrington et al., Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 1995, 52, 4344–4366 and Koenig, Monthly Weather Review, 1972, 100, 417–423 methods, were implemented into the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) Single‐Moment 6‐class Microphysics (WSM6) scheme in the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES) regional operational model to investigate their impact on overestimation of snowfall over North China. The results show that the snowfall amount and cloud particle composition are very sensitive to the ICDS parameterization. Sensitivity tests with WSM6 using the Harrington and Koenig ICDSs, referred to as WSM6_H and WSM6_K, respectively, notably reduced overestimation of the snowfall amount and simulated more realistic supercooled cloud water content compared with ERA5 reanalysis data. The vertical distributions, intensities, and duration of radar echoes simulated by WSM6_H are the most consistent with millimeter‐wavelength cloud radar observations. There is competition for water vapor in WSM6 due to the sequential order in which processes are updated. This tends to weaken the deposition of snow and graupel and the condensation of cloud water when the deposition of ice crystals is too strong in a cold region. In both WSM6_H and WSM6_K, the deposition processes of ice crystals are reduced and the other microphysical transformation processes become more active compared with WSM6. Overall, the WSM6_H configuration improves the forecast performance as evaluated by Taylor diagrams for eight snowfall days over North China. The ICDS parameterizations must therefore be handled carefully due to their large uncertainties in the development of the cloud microphysics schemes.
Potency of BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273 vaccine‐induced neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome‐CoV‐2 variants of concern: A systematic review of in vitro studies
Authors: Noori Maryam , Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Arshi Shahnam , Carson‐Chahhoud Kristin , Ansarin Khalil , Kolahi Ali‐Asghar , Safiri Saeid 
Published: July 2021

SummaryBNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273 are two types of mRNA‐based vaccine platforms that have received emergency use authorization. The emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS‐CoV‐2) variants has raised concerns of reduced sensitivity to neutralization by their elicited antibodies. We aimed to systematically review the most recent in vitro studies evaluating the effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA‐1273 induced neutralizing antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern. We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in addition to bioRxiv and medRxiv with terms including ‘SARS‐CoV‐2’, ‘BNT162b2’, ‘mRNA‐1273’, and ‘neutralizing antibody’ up to June 29, 2021. A modified version of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist was used for assessing included study quality. A total 36 in vitro studies meeting the eligibility criteria were included in this systematic review. B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.351 (Beta), P.1 (Gamma), and B.1.617.2 (Delta) are four SARS‐CoV‐2 variants that have recently been identified as variants of concern. Included studies implemented different methods regarding pseudovirus or live virus neutralization assays for measuring neutralization titres against utilized viruses. After two dose vaccination by BNT162b2 or mRNA‐1273, the B.1.351 variant had the least sensitivity to neutralizing antibodies, while B.1.1.7 variant had the most sensitivity; that is, it was better neutralized relative to the comparator strain. P.1 and B.1.617.2 variants had an intermediate level of impaired naturalization activity of antibodies elicited by prior vaccination. Our review suggests that immune sera derived from vaccinated individuals might show reduced protection of individuals immunized with mRNA vaccines against more recent SARS‐CoV‐2 variants of concern.
Model estimated baseflow for streams with endangered Atlantic Salmon in Maine,USA
Authors: Lombard Pamela J. , Dudley Robert W. , Collins Mathias J. , Saunders Rory , Atkinson Ernie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a regression model for estimating mean August baseflow per square kilometer of drainage area to help resource managers assess relative amounts of baseflow in Maine streams with Atlantic Salmon habitat. The model was derived from mean August baseflows computed at 31 USGS streamflow gages in Maine. We use an ordinary least squares regression model to estimate mean August baseflow per unit drainage area from two explanatory variables: percentage of the basin underlain by sand and gravel aquifers and mean July precipitation in the basin. This model provides the ability to estimate mean August baseflow in cubic meters per second per square kilometer of basin area on user‐selected, ungaged sites throughout Maine south of 46° 21′55″ N latitude. The model has an adjusted R2of 0.78 and a mean 95% prediction interval of plus or minus 0.002 cubic meters per second per square kilometer. A map of the Narraguagus watershed in eastern coastal Maine shows reaches color coded by relative amounts of baseflow predicted by the model as an example of how this method could be applied throughout Maine. The map can be used to identify reaches with relatively higher amounts of baseflow during summer low flows for habitat conservation and restoration work. These areas have the potential to be high‐quality habitat for Atlantic salmon and other cold‐water fish because baseflows are known to moderate stream temperatures in summer low‐flow periods.