bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of organic substrates in urban rooftop agriculture, towards improving crop production resilience to temporary drought in Mediterranean cities
Authors: Parada Felipe , Ercilla‐Montserrat Mireia , Arcas‐Pilz Verónica , Lopez‐Capel Elisa , Carazo Núria , Montero Juan I , Gabarrell Xavier , Villalba Gara , Rieradevall Joan , Muñoz Pere 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDUrban agriculture contributes to meeting the growing food production demand in cities. In the context of low water availability, it is important to consider alternatives that are able to maintain production. Through a circular economy vision, this study aimed to assess the use of substrates made from local materials as an alternative for urban agriculture in periods of low water availability, due to water supply cuts. The substrates used were coir commercial organic substrate, vegetable compost from urban organic waste and perlite commercial standard substrate; a mixture of the urban compost and perlite (1:1) was used for three consecutive crop cycles of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa). The crop cycles were performed in the spring and summer periods of 2018 to observe the performance during warmer periods of the year in an integrated rooftop greenhouse near Barcelona. Each substrate was assessed under conventional irrigation (0–5 kPa) and temporary water restricted conditions (irrigation stopped until the water tension reached −20 kPa perlite).RESULTSIn terms of yield, our results show that the compost and mixture were similar to those obtained from perlite (11.5% and 3.7% more production under restricted water conditions). Organic substrates increased the crop's resilience to water restriction, in contrast to the perlite. In particular, water loss took longer in coir (one‐ and two‐crop cycle); however, when dryness began, it occurred quickly.CONCLUSIONThe vegetable compost and the substrate mixture presented tolerance to temporary water restriction when water restriction reached −20 kPa. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
The Case for Studying Highly Modified Agricultural Streams: Farming for Biogeochemical Insights
Authors: Tank Jennifer L. , Speir Shannon L. , Sethna Lienne R. , Royer Todd V. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA significant fraction of Earth's land surface is used for agriculture, which has led to extensive modification and degradation of streams and rivers. Although highly modified, agricultural streams offer important opportunities for advancing our understanding of agroecosystems and applying the principles of translational ecology. Using examples from the upper midwestern U.S., we discuss how highly modified agricultural streams can be used to gain insights into ecological and biogeochemical processes, though often this involves adjusting the paradigms and approaches used to study streams in less disturbed landscapes. We argue that highly modified agricultural streams could serve as a model for how less disturbed systems might respond to ongoing and future environmental change. Last, these streams often are targets for restoration, which opens the door to engaging with diverse stakeholders, including policymakers and nontraditional funding sources such as philanthropic foundations and industry groups.
Translating Evidence to Advanced Parkinson's Disease Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Nijhuis Frouke A.P. , Esselink Rianne , de Bie Rob M.A. , Groenewoud Hans , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Post Bart , Meinders Marjan J. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTIn the advanced stages of Parkinson's disease (PD), patients frequently experience disabling motor complications. Treatment options include deep brain stimulation (DBS), levodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG), and continuous subcutaneous apomorphine infusion (CSAI). Choosing among these treatments is influenced by scientific evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences. To foster patient engagement in decision‐making among the options, scientific evidence should be adjusted to their information needs. We conducted a systematic review from the patient perspective. First, patients selected outcomes for a treatment choice: quality of life, activities of daily living, ON and OFF time, and adverse events. Second, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis for each treatment versus best medical treatment using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). Finally, the evidence was transformed into comprehensible and comparable information. We converted the meta‐analysis results into the number of patients (per 100) who benefit clinically from an advanced treatment per outcome, based on the minimal clinically important difference and the cumulative distribution function. Although this approach allows for a comparison of outcomes across the three device‐aided therapies, they have never been compared directly. The interpretation is hindered by the relatively short follow‐up time in the included studies, usually less than 12 months. These limitations should be clarified to patients during the decision‐making process. This review can help patients integrate the evidence with their own preferences, and with their clinician's expertise, to reach an informed decision. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Expanding the phenotype of CACNA1C mutation disorders
Authors: Gakenheimer‐Smith Lindsey , Meyers Lindsay , Lundahl Derek , Menon Shaji C. , Bunch T. Jared , Sawyer Briana L. , Tristani‐Firouzi Martin , Etheridge Susan P. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPathogenic variants in the L‐type Ca2+ channel gene CACNA1C cause a multi‐system disorder that includes severe long QT syndrome (LQTS), congenital heart disease, dysmorphic facial features, syndactyly, abnormal immune function, and neuropsychiatric disorders, collectively known as Timothy syndrome. In 2015, a variant in CACNA1C (p.R518C) was reported to cause cardiac‐only Timothy syndrome, a genetic disorder with a mixed phenotype of congenital heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and LQTS that lacked extra‐cardiac features. We have identified a family harboring the p.R518C pathogenic variant with a wider spectrum of clinical manifestations.MethodsA four‐generation family harboring the p.R518C pathogenic variant was reviewed in detail. The proband and his paternal great‐uncle underwent comprehensive cardiac gene panel testing, and his remaining family members underwent cascade testing for the p.R518C pathogenic variant.ResultsIn addition to displaying cardinal features of CACNA1C disorders including LQTS, congenital heart disease, HCM, and sudden cardiac death, family members manifested atrial fibrillation and sick sinus syndrome.ConclusionOur report expands the cardiac phenotype of CACNA1C variants and reflects the variable expressivity of mutations in the L‐type Ca2+ channel.
Gas‐Phase Polyethylene Reactors—A Critical Review of Modeling Approaches
Authors: Alves Rita Ferreira , Casalini Tommaso , Storti Giuseppe , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDifferent approaches to modeling the gas phase polymerization of ethylene that have been considered in the literature are reviewed. It is shown that while simple, well‐mixed models can give an adequate representation of the average performance of a given polymerization reactor, they do not allow one to analyze certain modeling problems such as the existence of temperature gradients or particle segregation, nor can they be used to treat operational modes such as condensed cooling where there can be up to three different phases in different parts of the reactor. For this, more complex models are required. These can take the form of compartmentalized models or even models based on computation fluid dynamics. However, long computational times can be required to fully exploit these models. Furthermore, significant progress needs to be made if one needs to address important phenomena such as agglomeration or particle attrition during polymerization.
Attenuation of motion artifacts in fMRI using discrete reconstruction of irregular fMRI trajectories (DRIFT)
Authors: Parker David B. , Spincemaille Pascal , Razlighi Qolamreza R. 
Published: April 2021

PurposeNumerous studies report motion as the most detrimental source of noise and artifacts in fMRI. Current motion correction methods fail to completely address the motion problem. Retrospective techniques such as spatial realignment can correct for between‐volume misalignment but fail to address within volume contamination and spin‐history artifacts. Prospective motion correction can prevent spin‐history artifacts but currently cannot update the gradients fast enough to remove k‐space filling artifacts, calling for a hybrid approach to fully address these problems.Theory and methodsMotion can be mathematically formulated into the MR signal equation to describe the motion artifacts at their origin in k‐space. From these equations, it is demonstrated that different motions have different effects on the signal. A novel motion correction algorithm is designed from these equations to remove motion‐induced artifacts directly in k‐space, discrete reconstruction of irregular fMRI trajectory (DRIFT). This method is evaluated rigorously using fMRI simulations and data from a rotating phantom inside the scanner.ResultsThe results indicate that although some motion types have negligible effects on the MR signal, others produce catastrophic and lasting artifacts even after motion cessation. In simulation, DRIFT is able to remove motion artifacts in the absence of spin history. In a phantom scan, DRIFT significantly attenuates the motion artifacts in the fMRI data.ConclusionNeither prospective nor retrospective motion correction methods could completely remove the motion artifacts from the fMRI data. However, DRIFT, as a retrospective technique, when combined with prospective motion correction, can eliminate a significant portion of motion artifacts.
Pole‐zero assignment in model predictive control, using analytical tuning approach
Authors: Bagheri Peyman 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a new analytical tuning strategy for Model Predictive Control (MPC). In the proposed approach, MPC tuning problem is restated as a pole‐zero placement problem. New analytically tuning equations are given and a deep study on the places of poles and zeros of the closed‐loop system is performed. It is known that, appropriate zero placement can improve the robust stability of the closed‐loop system, so the proposed tuning strategy can be applicable. In MPC tuning strategies, analytical equations are very interesting and useful. To achieve analytical equations, First Order plus Dead Time models are used in this work. These models with adequate accuracy can describe many industrial processes. With simulation studies, the effectiveness of the proposed pole‐zero assignment strategy is indicated.
Neoadjuvant Everolimus for Adult Giant Mesenteric Cystic Lymphangioma with mTOR Pathway Activation
Authors: El Zein Sophie , Gruel Nadège , Bonvalot Sylvie , Mir Olivier , Watson Sarah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Cystic lymphangioma are rare benign vascular or lymphatic tumors, diagnosed mostly in newborns or children, that may become life-threatening because of local invasiveness. Surgical “en-bloc” resection with negative margins is the only curative treatment, but some patients are diagnosed with unresectable tumors. We describe the case of a young adult with giant unresectable mesenteric lymphangioma. Extensive pathological characterization as well as whole exome and transcriptome sequencing enabled us to identify mTOR pathway activation within endothelial tumor cells. The patient was treated with everolimus and experienced major partial response, leading to the surgical resection of the residual lesions. This case highlights the importance of molecular characterization of adult cystic lymphangioma for mTOR pathway activation because multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches, including neoadjuvant everolimus and secondary surgery, can lead to complete cure of this rare condition.

Key Points
Longitudinal patterns of food insecurity, the home food environment, and parent feeding practices during COVID‐19
Authors: Adams Elizabeth L. , Caccavale Laura J. , Smith Danyel , Bean Melanie K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe economic impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) have drastically increased food insecurity in the United States. Initial data, collected a few months into the pandemic, showed that families, particularly those experiencing food insecurity, reported detrimental changes to their home food environment and parent feeding practices, compared to before COVID‐19.ObjectiveThis follow‐up study obtained longitudinal data from a sample of parents in the United States to quantify changes in food security status, the home food environment, and parent feeding practices, from before to across COVID‐19 as the pandemic continued to persist.MethodsParents (N = 433) completed online surveys May (T1) and September (T2) 2020 during COVID‐19. Food security, home food environment, and parent feeding practices were reported at each timepoint. At T1, parents also retrospectively reported on these factors pertaining to before COVID‐19. Chi square analyses and repeated measure mixed models examined associations among study variables.ResultsLow or very low food security increased from before COVID‐19 (37%) to T1 (54%) and decreased by T2 (45%). About 30% of families who became food insecure, and 44% who stayed food insecure from T1 to T2, reported a decrease in total food in their home; only 3%–6% who became/stayed food secure reported this decrease. Parents' concern for child overweight and use of monitoring increased from before COVID‐19 to T1, and decreased by T2, but remained elevated above pre–COVID‐19 values.ConclusionRates of food insecurity remain high as this pandemic persists. Continued assessment of nutrition‐related factors and increased economic supports are critical for families to endure COVID‐19 and prevent long‐term obesity and health risks.
Beekeeping in, of or for the city? A socioecological perspective on urban apiculture
Authors: Sponsler Douglas B. , Bratman Eve Z. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe term ‘urban beekeeping’ connotes a host of meanings—sociopolitical, commercial, ecological and personal—beyond the mere description of where bees and beekeepers happen to coincide. Yet, these meanings are seldom articulated explicitly or brought into critical engagement with the relevant fields of urban ecology and political ecology.Beginning with a brief account of the history of urban beekeeping in the United States, we draw upon urban ecological theory to construct a conceptual model of urban beekeeping that distinguishes beekeepingin,ofandforthe city. In our model, beekeepinginthe city describes the mere importation of the traditionally rural practice of beekeeping into urban spaces for the private reasons of the individual beekeeper, whereas beekeepingofthe city describes beekeeping that is consciously tailored to the urban context, often accompanied by (semi)professionalization of beekeepers and the formation of local expert communities (i.e. beekeeping associations). Beekeepingforthe city describes a shift in mindset in which beekeeping is directed to civic ends beyond the boundaries of the beekeeping community per se.Using this framework, we identify and discuss specific socioecological assets and liabilities of urban beekeeping, and how these relate to beekeepingin,ofandforthe city. We then formulate actionable guidelines for maturing the practice of urban beekeeping into a beneficent and self‐critical form of urban ecological citizenship; these include fostering self‐regulation within the beekeeping community, harnessing beekeeping as a ‘gateway’ experience for a broader rapprochement between urban residents and nature, and recognizing the political‐ecological context of beekeeping with respect to matters of socioecological justice.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Fast prepare exfoliated montmorillonite water suspension with assistance of melamine cyanurate and the superlattice obtained by self‐assembly
Authors: Qin Peifan , Yi Deqi , Hao Jianwei , Zhao Min 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTo explore the exfoliation mechanism of montmorillonite (MMT) layers assisted by melamine cyanurate (MCA), the MCA crystal structures based on the concentration of raw materials and the preparation of MMT‐MCA superlattice are investigated. Here, the correlation between MCA crystal growth and concentration of cyanuric acid (CA) and melamine (MA) water solutions on glass substrate are analyzed using XRD and SEM. With the increasing of concentration of CA and MA water solutions, the stacking of MCA layers along [202] axis is enhanced gradually compared with the growth of single MCA layer along (202) plane, resulting in the transform of MCA morphology from sheet to column. The exfoliated MMT monolayers with sizes of hundreds on nanometer can be obtained and well dispersed in the supernatant of MMT‐MCA superlattice. After removing the solvent of the supernatant, the formed coating show that the MCA crystal with columnar structure is well inserted into MMT galleries, which is the main driving force that increases basal spacing (d‐space) of MMT layers. And, the sandwich‐like superlattice is formed by the restacking of MMT and MCA in the coating of MMT‐MCA suspension, where the MMT is single or few layers, and the d‐space of MMT can even be increased to micron‐scale.
A COVID‐19‐ready public health surveillance system: The Food and Drug Administration's Sentinel System
Authors: Cocoros Noelle M. , Fuller Candace C. , Adimadhyam Sruthi , Ball Robert , Brown Jeffrey S. , Dal Pan Gerald J. , Kluberg Sheryl A. , Lo Re Vincent , Maro Judith C. , Nguyen Michael , Orr Robert , Paraoan Dianne , Perlin Jonathan , Poland Russell E. , Driscoll Meighan Rogers , Sands Kenneth , Toh Sengwee , Yih W. Katherine , Platt Richard ,   And the FDA‐Sentinel COVID‐19 Working Group
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe US Food and Drug Administration's Sentinel System was established in 2009 to use routinely collected electronic health data for improving the national capability to assess post‐market medical product safety. Over more than a decade, Sentinel has become an integral part of FDA's surveillance capabilities and has been used to conduct analyses that have contributed to regulatory decisions. FDA's role in the COVID‐19 pandemic response has necessitated an expansion and enhancement of Sentinel. Here we describe how the Sentinel System has supported FDA's response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. We highlight new capabilities developed, key data generated to date, and lessons learned, particularly with respect to working with inpatient electronic health record data.Early in the pandemic, Sentinel developed a multi‐pronged approach to support FDA's anticipated data and analytic needs. It incorporated new data sources, created a rapidly refreshed database, developed protocols to assess the natural history of COVID‐19, validated a diagnosis‐code based algorithm for identifying patients with COVID‐19 in administrative claims data, and coordinated with other national and international initiatives.Sentinel is poised to answer important questions about the natural history of COVID‐19 and is positioned to use this information to study the use, safety, and potentially the effectiveness of medical products used for COVID‐19 prevention and treatment.
Mechanical evolutionary behavior of steam‐cured concrete under the coupling effect of flexural fatigue and minus temperature
Authors: Wang Xu , Xie Youjun , Long Guangcheng , Ma Kunlin , Zeng Xiaohui , Pan ZiLi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSteam‐cured concrete products have been widely employed in building slab ballastless track for China High‐Speed Railway lines, such as track sleeper and track slab. These components are usually subjected to long‐term fatigue load due to the wheel‐rail interactions by high‐speed trains. Especially in Northeast China where the winter temperature keeps subzero for months, the concrete elements are exposed to the coupling effects of fatigue load and minus temperature environment. Therefore, this paper investigated the mechanical damage evolutionary behavior of steam‐cured concrete under coupling effects of flexural fatigue loading and minus temperature. Additionally, the mechanism behind it was discussed. The results showed that the mechanical damage of steam‐cured concrete subjected to fatigue loading under minus temperature was more significant than that under room temperature. The influences of ice content on the degradation in mechanical properties of steam‐cured concrete are illustrated by the phenomenological model. A two‐stage statistical damage variable can well reveal the impact of fatigue cycles and temperature on fatigue damage and total damage concrete. Steam‐cured concrete based on PC‐FA‐GGBS binder system exhibits better resistance to the flexural fatigue loading and minus temperature coupling effects due to its better pore structure and less ice content.
Outcome‐based comparison of SMFM and ISUOG definitions of fetal growth restriction
Authors: Roeckner J. T. , Pressman K. , Odibo L. , Duncan J. R. , Odibo A. O. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe recent international guidelines by the Society for Maternal–Fetal Medicine (SMFM) and the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology (ISUOG) differ in their definitions of fetal growth restriction (FGR). Our aim was to compare the performance of the two definitions in predicting neonatal small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) and composite adverse neonatal outcome (ANO).MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of data from a prospective study of women referred for fetal growth ultrasound examination between 26 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks' gestation. The SMFM and ISUOG guidelines were used to define pregnancies with FGR. The SMFM definition of FGR is estimated fetal weight (EFW) or abdominal circumference (AC) < 10th percentile. The ISUOG‐FGR definition follows the Delphi consensus criteria and includes either EFW or AC < 3rd percentile or EFW or AC < 10th percentile combined with abnormal Doppler findings or a decrease in growth centiles. The primary outcome was the prediction of neonatal SGA, defined as birth weight < 10th percentile, and a composite of ANO, which was defined as one or more of: Grade‐III or ‐IV intraventricular hemorrhage, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal death, cord blood pH < 7.1, seizures and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Test characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value and positive (LR+) and negative likelihood ratios) and area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curve were determined. The association between FGR detected by each definition and selected adverse outcomes was assessed using logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf the 1054 pregnancies that met the inclusion criteria, 137 (13.0%) and 55 (5.2%) were defined as having FGR by the SMFM and ISUOG definitions, respectively. Composite ANO and SGA neonate each occurred in 139 (13.2%) pregnancies. For the prediction of neonatal SGA, the SMFM‐FGR definition had a higher sensitivity (54.7%) than did the ISUOG definition (28.8%). The ISUOG‐FGR definition had higher specificity (98.4% vs 93.3%), LR+ (18.0 vs 8.2) and PPV (72.7% vs 55.5%) than did the SMFM definition for the prediction of a SGA neonate. The SMFM‐ and ISUOG‐FGR definitions had similarly poor performance in predicting composite ANO, with sensitivities of 15.1% and 10.1%, respectively.ConclusionsThe SMFM definition of FGR is associated with a higher detection rate for SGA neonates but at the cost of some reduction in specificity. The ISUOG‐FGR definition has a higher specificity, LR+ and PPV for the prediction of neonatal SGA. Both definitions of FGR performed poorly in predicting a composite ANO. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.