bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality and Ideology
Authors: Osborne Danny , Satherley Nicole , Sibley Chris G. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Research since the 1990s reveals that openness to experience—a personality trait that captures interest in novelty, creativity, unconventionalism, and open-mindedness—correlates negatively with political conservatism. This chapter summarizes this vast literature by meta-analyzing 232 unique samples (N = 575,691) that examine the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and conservatism. The results reveal that the negative relationship between openness to experience and conservatism (r = −.145) is nearly twice as big as the next strongest correlation between personality and ideology (namely, conscientiousness and conservatism; r = .076). The associations between personality traits and conservatism were, however, substantively larger in Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic (WEIRD) countries than in non-WEIRD countries. The chapter concludes by reviewing recent longitudinal work demonstrating that openness to experience and conservatism are non-causally related. Collectively, the chapter shows that openness to experience is by far the strongest (negative) correlate of conservatism but that there is little evidence that this association is causal.
Gating of Ion Channels
Authors: Barro-Soria Rene 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Excitable cells, such as neurons and muscles, use ion channels to generate electrical and chemical signals that underlie their functions. Examples include the electrical signals underlying the complex neuronal circuitry in the brain, the secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters, skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction, and the signaling events that lead to fertility. Because of their pivotal role in cellular signaling and electrical excitability, a major goal in modern biology has been to determine the physical properties that control and modulate ion channel function. This chapter briefly reviews classical works about the gating of ion channels. Furthermore, it discusses some innovative approaches that when combined with biophysical and mathematical simulations have contributed to the current understanding of channel gating.
Durkheim and Economic Sociology
Authors: Steiner Philippe 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Durkheim’s doctoral dissertation on the division of labor had an economic dimension, and his study on suicide rates put a strong emphasis on the professional group for the social reform he had in mind. Durkheim never entered into the technicalities of economic theory proper and limited himself to issues related to economic policy and economic reform, before he moved to study religious issues. Durkheim produced not only a personal work but also a collective one around L’Année sociologique. So, beyond Durkheim’s own achievement, this chapter considers the work of François Simiand and Maurice Halbwachs, who were at the head of the “economic sociology” section of L’Année sociologique, and Marcel Mauss for his work on gift-giving. Finally, the strength of the Durkheimian approach to economic sociology is illustrated through some contemporary inquiries.
In Defense of Collective Consciousness
Authors: Callegaro Francesco 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Within the repertoire of concepts that Emile Durkheim has forged to introduce sociology, none has attracted as much criticism or provoked more controversy as “collective consciousness”. This key concept has been accused of being at the same time absurd, inadequate, and dangerous. Having clarified to what extent the issue at stake concerns the social philosophy underlying sociology, the article reconstructs Durkheim’s perspective, in order to assess his central thesis: that there is no collective or social life without a collective or social consciousness. First, it clarifies the meaning of the “collective”, by analyzing the criteria of “constraint”: it thus brings out Durkheim’s reference to those obligations that give access to an irreducible collective being. Second, it elucidates the nature of “collective representations”, by examining Durkheim’s criticism of “consciousness”: it thus explains how the “representations” making up the collective are embedded into the dispositional “unconscious” of acting subjects. Finally, it analyzes the nature of “reflexive consciousness”, by reference to those practical situations that trigger a dynamic process allowing the members of a group to make collective representations explicit. The paper concludes by reassessing Durkheim’s argument: the concept of collective consciousness has a definite sociological meaning insofar as it allows us to grasp those crucial effervescent social phenomena that produce a conscious collective being, made of subjects able to say “we” in knowledge of the cause.
Virtuosity, Obviously
Authors: VanderHamm David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter employs a phenomenological framework to argue that virtuosity—often understood as individual musical excellence—is an intersubjective phenomenon that centers on skill made apparent and socially meaningful. Rather than locating virtuosity solely in a performer’s body, a piece’s demands, or a listener’s opinions, the author argues that it arises within the dynamic relationships—what Maurice Merleau-Ponty would call the “intentional threads”—that connect audiences, performers, and musical sound. Drawing on Edmund Husserl’s and Merleau-Ponty’s discussions of intersubjectivity, intercorporeality, and apperception, the author utilizes Ravi Shankar’s early reception in the United States as a case study in how audiences come to experience musical performances as virtuosic, despite their lack of background knowledge or musical understanding. A phenomenological approach to virtuosity reframes the issue not as one of objective measure or subjective opinion, but of intersubjective experience and value.
The Art of Slouching: Posture in Punk
Authors: Fogarty Mary 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, the author argues that the way performers of punk music inhabit the stage, through hunched postures, gains significance when set against the backdrop of a longer history framing the meaning of posture. Punk postures often represent pain as both kinesthetic and visceral. As discourses about posture move away from questions about morality and class, attached to the upright postures of “proper” citizens, and toward scientific claims about alignment and health concerns, novel performance practices ensue, infused with new musical meanings. The author suggests that theatrical punk performers who display different body organizations demonstrate not only the pain of being asked to “align” and “fix” their bodies to fit in, but also alternative meanings of success in society that are not built on able-bodied discourses but often nevertheless attuned to the desire for power.
Decolonizing Research Ethics
Authors: Brunger Fern , Russell Todd , Wall Darlene 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Globally, there is widespread agreement that research involving indigenous peoples must be conducted with the consent, consultation, or collaboration of communities. However, there are practical challenges to implementing this ideal. This chapter critically engages with scholarship on research ethics in relation to indigenous communities, focusing on the challenges inherent in the global movement toward decolonizing methodologies and indigenous governance of research. The chapter presents recommendations for a decolonizing approach to research ethics. It emphasizes that research institutions need to take seriously that an indigenous group has the right to say “no” to research that has been deemed ethical by an institutional research ethics board. The authors argue further that this requires attention to the “politics of risk,” including the ways in which collective identity and research risks are co-constructed.
California’s Environmental Policy Leadership
Authors: Vogel David 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
California is a long-standing role leader in environmental regulation in the United States. Wilderness preservation and restrictions on coastal oil drilling began in California, as did the regulation of pollution from automobiles. More recently, California has played a prominent role in addressing the risks of global climate change through its programs promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy and its restrictions on greenhouse emissions from motor vehicles. The state has also been highly active in regulating chemicals. Many of California’s environmental regulations have been adopted by other states as well as by the federal government. However, because the United States is a federal system, its regulations have also brought the state into frequent conflict with the Trump administration.
Critical Perspectives on Representation, Equity, and Rights Developing a
Comparative Politics of Environmental Justice
Authors: Suiseeya Kimberly R. Marion 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The politics of environmental justice increasingly feature in environmental governance across multiple levels. Environmental defenders risk their lives to protect land, water, and forests. Non-human actors like rivers are gaining rights. Frontline environmental justice communities now include nation-states like Fiji that faces existential threats from climate change. Indigenous Peoples’ fights for self-determination illuminate how deeply connected and inseparable are the politics of sovereignty, representation, and environment. This chapter explores these developments to chart and examine how a politics of environmental justice can inform environmental and social policies by treating environmental justice as a driver, rather than unintended consequence, of policy and politics. Through this critical, comparative review, the chapter illuminates how and why environmental justice concerns matter for environmental governance and for the study of comparative environmental politics.
Japanese -tatiand generalized associative plurals
Authors: Tomioka Satoshi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter presents descriptive generalizations of plural marking in Japanese with the morpheme -tati and proposes an account for its distributional and interpretive properties that are puzzling in many ways. The semantic peculiarities of -tati plurals, such as their tendency to be definite and the lack of generic and kind interpretations, result from the use of -tati as an associative plural marker. When -tati attaches to an individual-denoting expression, it denotes a plurality that consists of the referent of the expression and entities associated with. It is argued that -tati maintains this associative meaning even when it combines with a common noun. The extended notion of associativity allows X-tati, where X is a common noun, to include non-Xs in its denotation as long as such entities are closely associated with X, yielding similative plurals. This potential heterogeneity can solve most, if not all, of the puzzles posed by -tati plurals.
Bare nominals and number in Brazilian Portuguese
Authors: Ferreira Marcelo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe chapter bears on the distribution and interpretation of bare nominals in Brazilian Portuguese, paying special attention to bare singulars and the number neutrality that seems to characterize them. Brazilian Portuguese displays overt plural morphology and a full range of definite and indefinite determiners, which makes the relatively free distribution of bare singulars an intriguing topic from a typological perspective. The chapter discusses some proposals and analytical tools that have been employed to account for their behaviour, as well as their theoretic implications for issues related to singular–plural, mass–count, and generic–episodic distinctions.
Nominal number in Cushitic
Authors: Mous Maarten 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCushitic languages have a number of interesting properties in the category of number. None of these are valid for all Cushitic languages. Number is not obligatorily expressed in various Cushitic languages which have a general number form that is unspecified for number. Nonetheless morphological number marking in the noun is often complex in two ways: there are many competing lexically determined morphological markers and many different constellations of derived singular and derived plurals. Number and gender show complex interactions in Cushitic. Number formatives impose gender and hence different gender values for different number forms in the same lexeme, sometimes apparent gender polarity (singular and plural having opposite values for gender). A theoretically challenging property of some languages is that that there is a third gender, here labelled ‘plural’ because it takes the agreement morphology of 3pl pronouns.
Number in Sign Languages
Authors: Pfau Roland , Steinbach Markus 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn sign languages, just as in many spoken languages, number can be marked on nouns, pronouns, and verbs, and quantifiers are used to specify quantity within noun phrases. The chapter does not address the expression of grammatical number in one specific sign language, but rather describes patterns found in various sign languages, focusing on modality-independent and modality-specific properties of number marking. As for the former, nominal and verbal plurals are commonly realized by reduplication. As for number-marking strategies specific to visual–spatial languages, it is found that sign languages employ the two hands (e.g. lexical plurality), the signing space in front of the signer's body (e.g. plural marking on predicates), and specific reduplication types that are not attested in spoken languages (e.g. sideward reduplication of certain nouns). In addition, the choice of pluralization strategy is determined by modality-specific phonological features, and we are thus dealing with phonologically conditioned allomorphy.
Number in Marori
Authors: Arka I Wayan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe number system in Marori shows a three-way distinction (singular–dual–plural) with distributed and often underspecified (plural vs nonplural, or singular vs non-singular) marking. Nominal number is expressed via marking of free pronouns and certain nouns and their associated verbal indexing, with a three-way distinction in first and second bound pronominals, and a two-way underspecified distinction elsewhere. Verbal number is expressed by suppletive verbal root alternations, typically singular vs non-singular. Dual number/duactional can be expressed by a combination of non-singular and nonplural exponents. Number agreement is semantic in nature, with mismatches possibly expressing an inclusory meaning or a small plural/paucal meaning. While radically different from English in its number system, Marori is similar to English and other European languages in terms of the distribution of plural meanings under negation and other contexts.
Number and Quantity Expressions
Authors: Doetjes Jenny 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis chapter examines the interactions between quantity expressions and number across languages. Quantity expressions may require the presence of specific number markers on the noun or noun phrase they combine with. They may also trigger a singular or plural interpretation for the noun phrase as a whole, as in one N or several N. An important criterion used to distinguish classes of quantity expressions is the way these expressions interact with countability. While some quantity expressions depend on the presence of countable units in order to be interpreted, others do not. Examples of the former type are numerals, vague cardinal quantity expressions (several), and distributive universal quantifiers (each, every), while non-cardinal quantity expressions (a lot) and non-distributive universal quantifiers (all) belong to the second category. The chapter mainly focuses on the nominal domain. The use of quantity expressions in relation to verbal plurality is considered briefly.
The Natural World and the Anthropocene
Authors: Mak Cliff 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter situates Woolf at the intersection of different ‘natural world’ discourses, including the typological ethics explored by her father Leslie Stephen and the fly-fishing writing of her brother-in-law John Waller Hills (often taken to be the real-world model for Richard Dalloway himself). Woolf’s descriptions of characters evince an epistemophilic propensity to reveal subjectivity most readily through animalistic, physiognomic imagery and thus ask to be contextualized within these other discourses and beyond modernist aesthetics alone. In her later works, moreover, Woolf recognized the problematic politics of such human–animal equivalence, especially when it was the feminist representation of the nonverbal interiority that was at stake. This chapter thus outlines Woolf’s efforts to move away from an epistemology of transparency and instinct and towards one of opacity and type, with attendant consequences for any understanding of Woolf’s post- and anti-humanist politics in the age of the Anthropocene.
Creative Non-fiction and Poetry
Authors: D’Erasmo Stacey 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter considers Woolf’s significant influence on feminist writers working in the essay, creative non-fiction, and poetry. Woolf’s radical transformation of narrative design is emphasized. Woolf developed an aesthetic of patterning, repetition, and decentralization that transformed not only fiction, but also creative non-fiction and poetry. In Woolf’s work, every life is exquisitely enclosed in an overall pattern of life and death, of colour and light and movement, over which no single consciousness is master. Woolf’s method suffuses the work of writers such as Susan Sontag, Rebecca Solnit, Leslie Jamison, and Eula Biss, among others. It revolutionizes our ideas not only about the nature of perception, but also about the construction of reality, narrative, and the self.
Introduction
Authors: Fernald Anne E. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
With thirty-nine original chapters from internationally prominent scholars, The Oxford Handbook of Virginia Woolf is designed for scholars and graduate students. Feminist to the core, each chapter examines an aspect of Woolf’s achievement and legacy. Each contribution offers an overview that is at once fresh and thoroughly grounded in prior scholarship. Virginia Woolf (1882–1941) wrote prolifically and experimentally. In all she wrote and did, she strove for the rights of women artists: she was a feminist. This volume’s six parts take her feminism and her experiments in language as foundational to her legacy: the opening Part I has a biographical focus; then the chapters in Part II examine her career, holistically and chronologically; Part III offers more detail on the extent of her experimental and aesthetic practices, taking aspects of her innovation across multiple genres, examining each along the span of her career; Part IV invites readers to consider how Woolf worked in cultural fields including and extending beyond the Hogarth Press and the TLS and Part V ‘Contexts’ moves beyond writing to depict her engagement with expectations of class and gender, the natural world, as well as the political, artistic, and popular culture of her time. Finally, ‘Afterlives’ demonstrates the many ways Woolf’s reputation continues to grow, across the globe, and across media, in ideas and in artistic expression. Chapters on Woolf’s engagement with feminism and suffrage are followed by chapters on Woolf’s posthumous influence on conversations around queer and feminist theory. Of particular note is that chapters explore three distinct Woolfian traditions in fiction: the novel of manners, magical realism, and the feminist novel.
Mature Works I (1924–1927)
Authors: McIntire Gabrielle 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Between 1924 and 1927 Woolf was at an apex of her career, publishing some of her best-known works, including Mrs Dalloway (1925), The Common Reader (1925), and To the Lighthouse (1927). She also wrote prolific letters, diary entries, short stories, and essays whose co-extensiveness with her major work remains to be fully scrutinized. This chapter considers some the connections, traces, and shared themes across these multiple genres of Woolf’s writing to argue that Woolf consistently emphasizes (1) literature as a vehicle of ethics that changes us as we read; (2) the necessity of breaking with formal literary conventions in order to render the ambivalences and uncertain ontological and psychological terrain of modernist ‘truth(s);’ (3) poetry as both the highest form of literary art and as way of being that traverses her characters; (4) a duty to render, despite her atheism, what she persistently calls ‘the soul’.
Mature Works II (1928–1932)
Authors: Högberg Elsa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter engages Woolf’s writings from the prolific years 1928–1932, with particular focus on her hybrid novels Orlando: A Biography (1928) and The Waves (1931) as well as her feminist essay A Room of One’s Own (1929) and 1927 manifesto ‘Poetry, Fiction and the Future’. Woolf’s literary journalism during this period evinces a persistent concern with the poetic and prosaic impulses of fiction, and frequently privileges poetic detachment from prosaic, socio-political causes. While recent scholarship has demonstrated how her aesthetic experiments undermine such distinctions between poetic and committed writing, we have yet to fully appreciate how the lyricism and formal-generic hybridity that lie at the heart of Woolf’s work in these years become the very site for her socio-political commitments. Taking this premise as its starting point, the present chapter illuminates connections between her fictional and non-fictional writings in this extraordinarily creative period.
Economic and Social Rights in Ireland
Authors: Murray Thomas 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the law and politics of contesting economic and social rights in Ireland. Civil society mobilizations for the constitutional recognition of socio-economic rights provoke disagreement about the feasibility, legitimacy, and effectiveness of using such rights to de-commodify labour and social reproduction. The chapter situates these debates in their socio-legal context. It examines why state actors have opposed socio-economic rights in the past, and why enhanced constitutional protection of such rights will not radically alter structural inequalities today. At best, public interest litigation may prompt the political system to address the needs of minority groups in highly specific instances. Internationally, contemporary constitution-making experiments advance alternative models of socio-economic rights enforcement more decisively premised on social solidarity. Any similar realization of economic and social rights in Ireland will likely depend on civil society capacities to foster the requisite political will for social solidarity and constitutional change.
The Political Economy of Housing in Ireland
Authors: Norris Michelle , Byrne Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This chapter examines the political economy of housing in Ireland since the turn of the nineteenth century. It identifies three phases. The early and mid-twentieth century saw enormous state intervention, with the Irish welfare state becoming property based and home ownership being socialized. The closing years of the twentieth century saw state intervention diminish, and the consequent shaping of housing dynamics by financial markets. This drove a house price and building boom, before bust in the mid-2000s. The years since the financial crisis have seen an intensification of neoliberalization and financialization, through the ever greater marketization of housing and the development of links between global capital and urban development, asset ownership, and housing. This analysis shows the central role that housing has played in the Irish political economy. It also demonstrates significant long-term continuity in housing policy, and the importance of taking into account national institutional, political, and cultural contexts.