bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic Molecular Signatures Determined Characterization of Mycolicibacterium gossypii sp. nov., a Fast-Growing Mycobacterial Species Isolated From Cotton Field Soil
Authors: Huang Ruirui , Yang Shenrong , Zhen Cheng , Ge Xianfeng , Chen Xinkai , Wen Zhiqiang , Li Yanan , Liu Wenzheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A Gram-positive, acid-fast and rapidly growing rod, designated S2-37 T , that could form yellowish colonies was isolated from soil samples collected from cotton cropping field located in the Xinjiang region of China. The draft genome of strain S2-37 T was 5.1 Mb in length, with a DNA G+C content of 68.4 mol%. 16S rRNA-directed phylogenetic analysis referred that strain S2-37 T was closely related to bacterial species belonging to the genus Mycolicibacterium and Mycobacterium . Multilocus sequence analysis of three genes (16S rRNA, hsp65 and rpoB ) revealed that strain S2-37 T shared high sequence similarities with Mycolicibacterium litorale CGMCC 4.5724 T (96.5%) and Mycobacterium neglectum CECT 8778 T (95.7%). Digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and the average nucleotide identity (ANI) presented that strainS2-37 T displayed the highest values of 39.1% (35.7-42.6%) and 81.28% with M. litorale CGMCC 4.5724 T , respectively. And characterazition of conserved molecular signatures further confirmed that strain S2-37 T could be well classified into the genus Mycolicibacterium . The main fatty acids were identified as C 16:0 , C 18:0 , C 20:3 ω3 and C 22:6 ω3 . In addition, polar lipids profile was mainly composed of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. Results indicated that strain S2-37 T represented genetically and phenotypically distinct from its closest phylogenetic neighbour, M. litorale CGMCC 4.5724 T . Here, we propose a novel species of the genus Mycolicibacterium : Mycolicibacterium gossypii sp. nov. with the type strain S2-37 T (=JCM 34327T =CGMCC 1.18817T ).
Raman spectroscopy-based screening of zircon for reliable water content and oxygen isotope measurements
Authors: Yang Chuan-Mao , Xu Yi-Gang , Xia Xiao-Ping , Gao Yu-Ya , Zhang Wan-Feng , Yang Ya-Nan , Yang Qing , Zhang Le 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Water content and oxygen isotopes in zircon provide crucial constraints on magma source and process, yet they can be significantly modified by zircon metamictization, which causes secondary water absorption into the zircon crystal and the concomitant oxygen isotope changes. Therefore, it is imperative to develop a screening scheme to select the least-metamict zircons for the analyses. We propose a screening scheme based on our study on the Suzhou A-type granite (South China) through integrating Raman spectroscopy, water and trace element measurements, and oxygen isotope analysis. The results show that the primary water content is retained in zircon when the full-width at half maximum (FWHM) is &lt;8 cm−1 or the Raman shift is &gt;1007 cm−1 of ν3(SiO4) vibration band, while the primary δ18O is preserved at &lt;10 cm−1 FWHM or &gt;1005.5 cm−1 Raman shift. Changes in trace element concentrations in Suzhou zircons are different from previous observations in metamict zircons but most likely related to magma evolution, which implies that trace elements are insensitive to metamictization. Primary δ18O in Suzhou zircons (4.5–6.0‰) fall into the mantle range, indicating a dominant mantle contribution to Suzhou granites. Primary water content was estimated at ca. 650–1400 ppm, significantly higher than those of typical I-type granite (400–736 ppm) and upper mantle-derived zircons (81–177 ppm). The high primary zircon water content was not controlled by the sub-solidus process, temperature, pressure, and cation charge balance but considered to reflect the high-water content in melts. This suggests a hydrous origin for the Suzhou A-type granite, which challenges the conventional view of anhydrous petrogenesis for A-type granites.
Triazolopyrimidine Nuclei: Privileged Scaffolds for Developing Antiviral
Agents with a Proper Pharmacokinetic Profile
Authors: Felicetti Tommaso , Pismataro Maria Chiara , Cecchetti Violetta , Tabarrini Oriana , Massari Serena 
Published: May 2021

Abstract:
Viruses are a continuing threat to global health. The lack or limited therapeutic
armamentarium against some viral infections and increasing drug resistance issues make
the search for new antiviral agents urgent. In recent years, a growing literature highlighted
the use of triazolopyrimidine (TZP) heterocycles in the development of antiviral agents,
with numerous compounds that showed potent antiviral activities against different RNA
and DNA viruses. TZP core represents a privileged scaffold for achieving biologically active
molecules, thanks to: i) the synthetic feasibility that allows to variously functionalize
TZPs in the different positions of the nucleus, ii) the ability of TZP core to establish multiple
interactions with the molecular target, and iii) its favorable pharmacokinetic properties.
In the present review, after mentioning selected examples of TZP-based compounds
with varied biological activities, we will focus on those antivirals that appeared in the literature
in the last 10 years. Approaches used for their identification, the hit-to-lead studies,
and the emerged structure-activity relationship will be described. A mention of the
synthetic methodologies to prepare TZP nuclei will also be given. In addition, their mechanism
of action, the binding mode within the biological target, and pharmacokinetic properties
will be analyzed, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of compounds based on
the TZP scaffold, which is increasingly used in medicinal chemistry.
High-dose Everolimus May Induce Pro-inflammatory/Fibrotic Transcriptomic Changes in Bronchial Epithelial Cells from Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Granata Simona , Verlato Alberto , Masola Valentina , Carraro Amedeo , Santoro Gloria , Sallustio Fabio , Zaza Gianluigi 
Published: May 2021

Background:Solid-organ transplantation is an available therapeutic option for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients without lung transplantation. However, the use of immunosuppressive agents may cause severe adverse events. In particular, patients treated with mTOR-inhibitors (mTOR-I) may aggravate pulmonary complications. It has been recently described that these drugs may induce Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of the airway cells.Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of mTOR-I on primary bronchial epithelial cells carrying F508del.Materials and Methods:Human bronchial epithelial cells homozygous for F508del were treated with 5 and 100 nM EVE for 24 hours, and their RNA was extracted and hybridized to the Human HT-12 v3 Expression BeadChip (Illumina). The microarray results were validated by Real-Time PCR. The transepithelial resistance was measured by a Millicell-ERS ohmmeter.Results:High dosage EVE induced a significant up-regulation of 48 genes and a down-regulation of 14 genes. After pathway analysis by GSEA, we found that most of them were implicated in the inflammatory and pro-fibrotic pathways. Real-time PCR confirmed that 100 nM EVE was able to upregulate some identified genes (IL-1alpha, IL-8, Pim-1) as well as pro-fibrotic elements (alpha-SMA, connective tissue growth factor, and metalloproteinase-12). In addition, a high dosage of EVE was also able to reduce transepithelial resistance. In contrast, a lower level of EVE did not produce similar effects.Conclusion:Although performed in vitro, our study suggested that in solid organ transplant recipients with CF without a lung transplant, mTOR-I should be used at a low dosage to reduce its contribution to pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis.
INFORMATION, COGNITION, AND OBJECTIVITY
Authors: Fresco Nir 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe idea that the brain is an information processing system raises some challenging questions about whether information exists independently of brains. Answering these questions is relevant for clarifying the theoretical foundations of the sciences of mind and brain, but also for appropriately interpreting and evaluating the evidence about how brains—and other biological systems—work. This article claims that (1) informational descriptions in the sciences of mind and brain can be genuinely explanatory, despite assuming a mind-dependent notion of information; and (2) that either Popperian objectivity or response-dependence in normal receivers is sufficient for grounding the explanatory role that information often plays in these sciences. Hierarchical predictive processing, which has become a central theoretical framework for neurocognitive research, is used as a case study for supporting these two claims.
Replik: Militæraktivismen genbesøgt
Authors: Dreyer Jakob , Holm Minda 
Published: May 2021

Som svar på Karsten Friis’ kritik af Fokkusspalten, ”Når krig blir hverdag”, formulerer denne replik en kort begrebslig, empirisk og normativ afklaring af spaltens anvendelse af begrebet militæraktivisme. Begrebsligt påpeger replikken, at militæraktivisme allerede er hyppigt anvendt i litteraturen om skandinaviske landes øgede engagement i internationale militære operationer efter Den Kolde Krig. Empirisk set, er det korrekt, at udviklingen ikke har været lineær, og man kan argumentere for, at Danmark og Norges militæraktivisme var (endnu) større, da Afghanistankrigen var på sit højeste. Dog er begge lande fortsat engageret særligt i NATO-regi, og det er væsentligt at bemærke, at de direkte kampe på landjorden i internationale militære operationer i stigende grad udliciteres til mindre privilegerede lokale og internationale kombattanter. Replikken påpeger, at Friis’ påstand om, at militæraktivisme som begreb udgør en slet skjult kritik af Danmark og Norges militære engagement, beror på en misforståelse. Tværtimod stammer aktivisme fra den danske udenrigspolitiske debat, hvor begrebet anvendes politisk med en række positive konnotationer forbundet med at være aktiv (Pedersen & Ringsmose, 2017). I lyset af afpolitiseringen af Danmarks og Norges krigsdeltagelse velkommer vi fremadrettet yderligere forskningsmæssig og politisk diskussion af militæraktivismen.
Abstract in EnglishReply: Military Activism RevisitedIn response to Karsten Friis’ critique of the special issue When War Becomes Daily Life, this reply outlines a brief conceptual, empirical and normative clarification of the special issue’s use of the concept, military activism. Conceptually, the reply points out that military activism is already a frequently used concept in the academic literature on Scandinavian countries increased engagement in international military operations after the Cold War. Empirically, it is correct that this development has not been linear, and arguably, Denmark and Norway’s military activism was (even more) pronounced, when the war in Afghanistan was at its zenith. However, both countries continue to be engaged particularly in NATO, and significantly, direct battles on the ground are increasingly outsourced to local actors to less privileged local and international combatants. The reply points out, that Friis’s claim that military activism is a concealed critique of Denmark and Norway’s military engagement, is based on a misunderstanding. On the contrary, activism as a concept derives from the Danish foreign policy debate, where the term is used to connote a series of positive attributes associated with being active (Pedersen & Ringsmose, 2017). Considering the depoliticisation of Denmark and Norway’s military activism we welcome further academic and policy discussions about this important issue.
Adaptation of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) to formulated diets: A review
Authors: Rahmdel Kamyar Javid , Falahatkar Bahram 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.) is a valuable species that is in high demand among consumers due to its nutritional features such as delicious meat, white and soft texture and lack of intermascualr bones. The main barriers in the development of pikeperch aquaculture are the challenges of its larviculture. A major problem in the larval period is that pikeperch must feed on live food, which imposes high costs on producers. Therefore, substituting live food with formulated diets is necessary, but this process cannot be performed easily and it requires an action plan to be successful. The aim of this study was to provide a brief overview of different aspects related to pikeperch nutrition including its natural feeding habits, nutritional requirements, digestive tract ontogeny, and the most common live foods used in pikeperch first feeding. Moreover, different weaning methods in pikeperch culture are provided to introduce an appropriate strategy to assist this fish in adapting to formulated diets.
The Attitude of the United States to the Baltic Region in 1918–1922: The Example of Latvia
Authors: Jēkabsons Ēriks 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article discusses the attitude of the USA towards the newborn independent Baltic States in 1918–1922 using the most devastated of them—Latvia—as an example. Relations between Latvia and the United States in 1918–1922 reflect Latvia’s intense foreign policy efforts to ensure its political and social development through relations with one of the world’s most influential and powerful economies in spite of the United States’ reserved behavior. In addition, this unique era in Latvia and the Baltic States as a whole (influenced by the Soviet Russian and German factors, war and its aftermath, and the ethnically diverse and complicated social situation) illustrates the specifics of US policy towards Eastern Europe and Russia.
Lexical and morphological development: A case study of Malay English bilingual first language acquisition
Authors: Salleh Rabiah Tul Adawiyah Mohamed , Di Biase Bruno , Kawaguchi Satomi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMany first language acquisition (FLA) studies have found a strong correlation between lexical and grammatical development in early language acquisition. For bilingual first language acquisition (BFLA), the development of grammar is also found to be correlated with the size of the lexicon in each language. This case study investigates how a Malay-English bilingual child developed the lexicon and grammar in each of her languages and considers possible evidence of interaction between the languages during acquisition. The study also aims to show that the predominant linguistic environment to which the child was alternatively exposed might have played an important role in her lexical and grammatical development. Thus, the study presents two sets of data: (a) a 12-month longitudinal investigation when the child was 2;10 up till 3;10 in Australia and (b) a one-off elicitation session at age 4;8 when the family was in Malaysia. The findings show that not only the emergence of grammar is linked to the lexical size of the developing languages, but that other variables, mainly the linguistic environment and the bilingual language mode, also influenced the child’s language productions.
Current Account Balance in Emerging Asia
Authors: Ariç Kivanç Halil , Sek Siok Kun , de Sousa Miguel Rocha 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The current account balance is an important indicator which reveals information on a country’s economic situation such as investments, capital flows, and indebtedness. The main purpose of this study is to examine the current account balance conditions in emerging Asian countries. In this respect, the long-run and causality relationship between current account balance, economic growth, government expenditure, real interest rates, and foreign direct investment was examined. The panel data analysis was applied using the data dated 1986 to 2015. Our results revealed a causal effect from economic growth and government expenditure to current account balance mainly dependent on saving tendency.
Culture-Specific Items’ Translation Into Lithuanian: “One Hundred Years of Solitude” By Gabriel García Márquez
Authors: Leonavičiūtė Gabija , Kuzminskaitė Dovilė 
Published: May 2021

Summary
Growing interest in Spanish-speaking countries in Lithuania leads to the increased number of translations of Spanish and Latin American literature. Therefore, it is important to analyse translations from Spanish into Lithuanian and vice versa to improve the quality of translation work. One of the most difficult elements to translate are culture-specific items that reveal cultural uniqueness. The novel “One Hundred Years of Solitude” by Gabriel García Márquez contains many culture-specific items related to Colombia, that could be difficult to translate. This article aims to analyse and compare translation strategies of culture-specific items from Spanish into Lithuanian, which were used in 1972 by Elena Treinienė and in 2017 by Valdas V. Petrauskas, to translate the novel “One Hundred Years of Solitude”. Firstly, this article defines the concepts of cultural elements and culture-specific items. It also discusses the classification of culture-specific items based on the works of Eugene Nida, Peter Newmark, Sergej Vlahov, Sider Florin and Laura Santamaria Guinot. Furthermore, this article describes translation strategies of culture-specific items emphasized by Amparo Hurtado Albir, Eirlys Davies, Georges L. Bastin and Pekka Kujamäki. In this research, culture-specific items are counted and described using Santamaria Guinot’s classification, which allows to claim that there are 69 different culture-specific items in “One Hundred Years of Solitude” and they are reflected by 252 examples in the text. These culture-specific items are related with concepts of ecology, social structures, cultural institutions, social universe and material culture. The most common ones are culture-specific items from the category of ‘material culture’. The results of the research allow distinguishing six translation strategies, used in different frequency: transcription, equivalence of situations, actualisation, usage of exoticism, extension and explication, and omission. Both Lithuanian translators Treinienė and Petrauskas mainly used strategies of transcription and equivalence of situations. The analysis of the translation of culture-specific items was performed using the methods of quantitative, comparative, and descriptive translation analysis.
Możliwości wykorzystania wskaźników adaptacyjnych narracji autobiograficznych w pracy z osobami z diagnozą schizofrenii paranoidalnej
Authors: Wojtak Maria 
Published: May 2021

Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje wyniki badań z zakresu psychologii klinicznej zrealizowane z wykorzystaniem perspektywy oraz metodologii narracyjnej. Zdrowie psychiczne w ujęciu narracyjnym definiowane jest jako zdolność do tworzenia życiowej opowieści spełniającej określone kryteria formalne (Stemplewska-Żakowicz, Zalewski, 2010). Głównym celem badań było scharakteryzowanie – z perspektywy psychologii narracyjnej – autonarracji tworzonych przez osoby z diagnozą schizofrenii paranoidalnej oraz uchwycenie tzw. zdrowych/ adaptacyjnych wskaźników narracji autobiograficznych (beneficial life stories indicators). W badaniu wzięło udział 9 pacjentów z rozpoznaniem schizofrenii paranoidalnej w fazie remisji.
Narracje autobiograficzne osób badanych pozyskane zostały w odpowiedzi na bodziec narracyjny: „Proszę o opowiedzenie mi historii swojego życia”, rozpoczynający wywiadna temat historii życia (The Life Story Interview) autorstwa Dana P. McAdamsa (1985, 2006). Rekonstrukcja strategii tworzenia opowieści o własnym życiu przez osoby badane pozwoliła określić stopień przystawalności narracji autobiograficznych osób chorych na schizofrenię do kryteriów sprzyjających zdrowiu narracji. Wyniki badań ujawniły także wewnętrzne zróżnicowanie historii życia pacjentów w obrębie całej grupy.
Przytoczone w artykule kryteria oraz ich konceptualizacja w odniesieniu do opowieści o życiu konstruowanych przez pacjentów psychiatrycznych może stanowić podstawę teoretyczną dla różnicowania autonarracji charakterystycznych dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania jednostki. Wskaźniki te pełnią również potencjalnie rolę wskazówek dla klinicystów, psychiatrów oraz psychoterapeutów pracujących z pacjentami psychotycznymi. Ponadto identyfikacja zakłóceń bądź deficytów występujących na poziomie narracji autobiograficznych umożliwia wgląd w fenomenologię choroby z punktu widzenia osoby jej doświadczającej, co zaś wzbogaca psychologiczne strategie wyjaśniania zjawisk psychicznych zachodzących w osobach badanych o kategorię ich rozumienia.
Nicasius Ellebodius and the “otium litterarum” The Vicissitudes of a Flemish Humanist in Pozsony (1571–77)
Authors: Orbán Áron 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study reviews Nicasius Ellebodius’s Pozsony (today: Bratislava) period (1571–77) from a biographical and intellectual historical perspective. Ellebodius (1535–1577) was a Flemish philologist of vast erudition, one of the finest Graecists of his day. His biography and character are much less discussed in scholarship than his works, although his letters provide us with invaluable information about his life, as well as about the participation of the academic elite of 16th-century Hungary in the international res publica litteraria. The article will revisit the problem of how far he could realize the otium litterarum that he yearned for so much, and what challenges he had to face in his everyday life in Pozsony.
Menimbang Kedudukan Majelis Kehormatan Mahkamah Konstitusi Setelah Terbitnya Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2020
Authors: Firmantoro Zuhad Aji 
Published: May 2021

This research elaborates the Constitutional Court interpretation within Decision No. 49/PUU-IX/2011 on judicial review of Law No. 8 of 2011 on amendments of Law No. 24 of 2003 on the Constitutional Court which its decision has granted mostly the petitioner’s petitions to change the Honorary Council of the Constitutional Court members composition. There are at least two examined issues in this study, they are: Firstly, does the addition of elements House of Representative, Government and the Supreme Court contradict Article 1 paragraph (3) and Article 24 paragraph (1) and (2) of the 1945 Constitution? And secondly, what is the implication of the decision to repeal Article 27A paragraph (2) letters C, D, and E for check and balance between three branches of state government (executive, legislative and judicial) in Indonesia? This research is normative legal research that uses a conceptual approach, also reviewed with case studies related to material research. The results show; Firstly, based on the study to Indonesian Constitutional Court Decision No. 49/PUU-IX/2011 which accepted most of the petitioner’s petitions on judicial review of Law No. 8 of 2011, the Constitutional Court stated that the addition of elements House of Representative, Government and the Supreme Court as members in the Honorary Council of the Constitutional Court then legislators have endangered the freedom of judicial power as regulated Article 1 paragraph (3) and Article 24 paragraph (1) and (2) the 1945 Constitution. Secondly, this decision has an impact on the members of the Honorary Council of the Constitutional Court which only consists of two elements, namely the constitutional court and the judicial commission. Therefore, the Constitutional Court Decision is considered successful in keeping the principle of check and balance between three branches of state government in the Indonesian constitutional state system.