bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disrupted circadian expression of β‐arrestin 2 affects reward‐related µ‐opioid receptor function in alcohol dependence
Authors: Meinhardt Marcus W. , Giannone Francesco , Hirth Nathalie , Bartsch Dusan , Spampinato Santi M. , Kelsch Wolfgang , Spanagel Rainer , Sommer Wolfgang H. , Hansson Anita C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThere is increasing evidence for a daily rhythm of µ‐opioid receptor (MOR) efficacy and the development of alcohol dependence. Previous studies show that β‐arrestin 2 (bArr2) has an impact on alcohol intake, at least partially mediated via modulation of MOR signaling, which in turn mediates the alcohol rewarding effects. Considering the interplay of circadian rhythms on MOR and alcohol dependence, we aimed to investigate bArr2 in alcohol dependence at different time points of the day/light cycle on the level of bArr2 mRNA (in situ hybridization), MOR availability (receptor autoradiography), and MOR signaling (Damgo‐stimulated G‐protein coupling) in the nucleus accumbens of alcohol‐dependent and non‐dependent Wistar rats. Using a microarray data set we found that bArr2, but not bArr1, shows a diurnal transcription pattern in the accumbens of naïve rats with higher expression levels during the active cycle. In 3‐week abstinent rats, bArr2 is up‐regulated in the accumbens at the beginning of the active cycle (ZT15), whereas no differences were found at the beginning of the inactive cycle (ZT3) compared with controls. This effect was accompanied by a specific down‐regulation of MOR binding in the active cycle. Additionally, we detect a higher receptor coupling during the inactive cycle compared with the active cycle in alcohol‐dependent animals. Together, we report daily rhythmicity for bArr2 expression linked to an inverse pattern of MOR, suggesting an involvement for bArr2 on circadian regulation of G‐protein coupled receptors in alcohol dependence. The presented data may have implications for the development of novel bArr2‐related treatment targets for alcoholism.
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Atlas and Talus
Authors: Jackowe David J. , Biener Michael G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article explores the history of the terms atlas and talus and discusses the unexpected implications of their use in human anatomy. Renaissance anatomists decided to call the first cervical vertebra the atlas. But the name atlas was first used by the ancient Romans for the seventh cervical vertebra. The most common explanation why the first cervical vertebra is called atlas is that the vertebra holds up the globe of the cranium the way Atlas holds up the globe of the heavens. However, an important part of the myth of Atlas is that the Titan was being punished. The seventh cervical vertebra was so named due to its suitability for supporting burdens. (Pollux, 1900) Switching the designation atlas from the seventh to the first cervical vertebra in human anatomy implies that the point of man’s burden has shifted from his shoulders to his head. What an anatomist is saying by making, or accepting, this change is that man’s true burden is not a physical load, but rather, it is his mind. We explore the implications of this switch, and how it is represented in Renaissance anatomy diagrams. Long before the first cervical vertebra was called atlas it was known as the astragalus, the same term used for the talus, or ankle bone. We examine the many different terms that were used for the ankle bone during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, as well as the connection of the term talus with Greek mythology.
Through the looking glass: Ethnic racial socialization among children and adolescents
Authors: Ruck Martin D. , Hughes Diane L. , Niwa Erika Y. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEthnicity and race are critical in how children and youth experience, negotiate, and navigate development. A robust literature has illustrated that ethnic‐racial socialization (ERS) in particular plays an important role in how children develop an understanding of ethnicity and race. The majority of research has typically focused on parents as agents of socialization and ERS during adolescence. In addition, most studies use survey approaches and focus on US‐based populations. We highlight conceptual, theoretical, and empirical work that seeks to push forward knowledge about the myriad ways in which individuals, interactions, and settings communicate messages to youth about ethnicity and race. Here we provide a brief overview of the literature on ERS, followed by a set of core commitments that guided our solicitation and selection of articles for this special issue. The articles represent a range of theoretical frameworks and methodologies; cover ERS of children across the developmental spectrum; examine children from multiple ethnic‐racial groups; elaborate issues related to intersectionality and co‐constructed identities; and consider socialization of ethnicity‐race as it occurs across multiple settings, inclusive of families. We conclude with a description of the articles included in this special issue and how they map onto our core commitments.
Plasma sodium and potassium concentrations after hypophysectomy in dogs with corticotroph adenomas
Authors: Del Magno Sara , van Rijn Sarah , Azzariti Stefano , Valtolina Chiara , l' Ami Jiske , Meij Björn P. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundElectrolyte abnormalities, especially hypernatremia, are frequent complications after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy in dogs with pituitary‐dependent hypercortisolism.ObjectivesTo describe electrolyte abnormalities after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy and to investigate possible associations between postoperative hypernatremia and clinical and surgical variables as well as with postoperative outcome.AnimalsOne hundred and twenty‐seven client‐owned dogs.MethodsDogs with pituitary corticotroph adenomas that underwent transsphenoidal hypophysectomy were retrospectively included. Plasma sodium and potassium concentrations were measured −2, +2, +8, +24, and +48 hours from hypophysectomy. Clinical (breed, age, body weight, skull type, urinary cortisol/creatinine ratio, percentage of suppression to dexamethasone) and surgical variables (duration of anesthesia and surgery, pituitary dimensions) were compared to the development of hypernatremia.ResultsPostoperative hypernatremia developed in 46.5% (57/127) of dogs and hyponatremia in 6.3% (8/127). Plasma sodium concentration increased after surgery and peaked at 8 hours after surgery, normalizing after 24 to 48 hours. Plasma potassium concentration increased without exceeding the reference limit.No significant associations were found between clinical and surgical variables and hypernatremia, or between hypernatremia and postoperative death, long‐term survival or recurrence.Surgery time was significantly longer in dogs that developed persistent diabetes insipidus (P = .02) and persistent diabetes insipidus occurred more frequently in dogs with enlarged pituitary glands (P = .01).Conclusion and Clinical ImportanceHypernatremia remains a frequent postoperative complication after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy but did not appear to have an impact on postoperative outcome. No predisposing factor to postoperative hypernatremia was identified. Variations in plasma potassium concentrations do not seem to influence postoperative outcome.
Indirect selection on cuticular hydrocarbon divergence in Drosophila melanogaster populations evolving under different operational sex ratios
Authors: Dutta R. , Chechi T. S. , Yadav A. , Prasad N. G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn experimental evolutionary studies, altering sex ratio in populations imposes sex‐biased intrasexual and intersexual interactions, which is useful to study the effect of sexual selection and sexual conflict in such populations. We studied cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) patterns of 170 generations‐old operational sex ratio‐altered Drosophila melanogaster population to investigate the evolutionary outcomes of such selection lines. Our results indicate that the competing sex in each of the selection lines has less variable CHC profile than the less abundant sex, potentially due to sexual selection. The intensity of sexual selection is possibly influenced by intense competition among the abundant sex as well as potential mate choice due to easy availability of mates for the rarer sex in the population. This result is even more striking since the male‐biased replicates were previously shown to have diverged in terms of mate preferences due to sexually antagonistic coevolution (SAC). The precopulatory isolating mechanism underlying such divergent mate preference could be sexual signals such as CHCs since they evolve rapidly and are involved in D. melanogaster mate recognition. Therefore, we also investigate whether CHC profiles diverged in male‐biased replicates in comparison to female‐biased replicates. We found no evidence that cuticular hydrocarbon profiles of male‐biased and female‐biased populations have evolved due to SAC. This study indicates that the differentiation of sexual traits may not be credited to sexual conflict despite populations isolated due to high sexual conflict evolve divergent cuticular hydrocarbon profiles.
An oomycete effector targets a plant RNA helicase involved in root development and defense
Authors: Camborde Laurent , Kiselev Andrei , Pel Michiel J. C. , Le Ru Aurélie , Jauneau Alain , Pouzet Cécile , Dumas Bernard , Gaulin Elodie 
Published: December 2021

Summary

Oomycete plant pathogens secrete effector proteins to promote disease. The damaging soilborne legume pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches harbors a specific repertoire of Small Secreted Protein effectors (AeSSPs), but their biological functions remain unknown. Here we characterize AeSSP1256.

The function of AeSSP1256 is investigated by physiological and molecular characterization of Medicago truncatula roots expressing the effector. A potential protein target of AeSSP1256 is identified by yeast‐two hybrid, co‐immunoprecipitation, and fluorescent resonance energy transfer–fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FRET–FLIM) assays, as well as promoter studies and mutant characterization.

AeSSP1256 impairs M. truncatula root development and promotes pathogen infection. The effector is localized to the nucleoli rim, triggers nucleoli enlargement and downregulates expression of M. truncatula ribosome‐related genes. AeSSP1256 interacts with a functional nucleocytoplasmic plant RNA helicase (MtRH10). AeSSP1256 relocates MtRH10 to the perinucleolar space and hinders its binding to plant RNA. MtRH10 is associated with ribosome‐related genes, root development and defense.

This work reveals that an oomycete effector targets a plant RNA helicase, possibly to trigger nucleolar stress and thereby promote pathogen infection.
A Bakhtinian reconsideration of Joachim Ringelnatz's postwar poetry: Grotesque materialism instead of disinterested unresponsiveness
Authors: Duleba Maxim 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite being a popular classic of German humorous twentieth‐century literature, Joachim Ringelnatz's work has received little scholarly attention. The following study questions the widely accepted stereotypical views that led to the scholarly marginalization of his work—namely the belief that his grotesque, humorous poetry is trivial and non‐reactive to the pressing issues of its time. By demonstrating Ringelnatz’s inclination towards the Rabelaisian chronotope as a specific literary time‐space reconstructed by Mikhail Bakhtin in Forms of Time and of the Chronotope in the Novel, this paper argues that Ringelnatz’s humorous poetry is neither historically irrelevant nor socially non‐reactive, because his adaptation of the Rabelaisian method confronts the traumatizing situatedness within the “painful time” of postwar Germany. Relating to Rabelais, Ringelnatz not only processes, but also recontextualizes the collective experience of postwar trauma, offering a “corrective” in the form of a “generative” (contra‐annihilative), “bodily‐oriented” time.
A New Simple and Practical Clinical Classification for Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumors of the Knee
Authors: Zheng Kai , Yu Xiu‐chun , Hu Yong‐cheng , Xu Ming , Zhang Jing‐yu 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo propose a simple and practical clinical classification for tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) of the knee.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted to verify the value and significance of this clinical classification. TGCT growth patterns, knee joint capsule, and bone erosion were applied to establish this novel clinical classification. Seventy‐eight patients who underwent surgery for TGCT from 2008 to 2016 were identified. This novel clinical classification was retrospectively applied to patients' existing classification, and patients with different TGCT types were statistically compared to verify the significance of the clinical classification.ResultsThe clinical classification included three types and four subtypes. Type 1: localized TGCT, Subtype 1a: localized intra‐articular TGCT, Subtype 1b: localized extra‐articular TGCT. Type 2: diffuse TGCT, Subtype 2a: diffuse intra‐articular TGCT with bone normal, Subtype 2b: diffuse intra‐articular TGCT with bone destruction. Type 3: diffuse TGCT across the knee joint capsule. The mean follow‐up time for the 78 patients was 59.6 months. Twenty‐one patients were in Subtype 1a, four were Subtype 1b, 38 were Subtype 2a, seven were Subtype 2b, and eight were Type 3. Oncological results and surgical complications differed significantly (P = 0.000, P = 0.000). The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional scores differed significantly at 27.8 for Type 1 patients, 22.9 for Type 2 patients, and 17.0 for Type 3 patients (P = 0.000).ConclusionsThis clinical classification can be easily used to evaluate TGCT of all knees prior to surgery or other treatments and can help determine surgical options.
Orthodontic treatment of an adolescent with cerebral palsy – A case report
Authors: Chhatwani Sachin , Johannsen Eva , Möhlhenrich Stephan Christian , Schulte Andreas Gerhard , Danesh Gholamreza , Schmidt Peter 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCerebral palsy is a common cause of chronic motor neuron impairment. A constant prevalence of 2 to 3/1000 births in industrialized countries has been described.This case report describes the treatment of a 9 year old boy presenting this form of motor neuron impairment and class II malocclusion with an overjet of 14 mm, hyperdivergent growth pattern and various habits.Orthodontic treatment consisted mainly of a two‐phase treatment. The first phase was treated with removable appliances and followed by a phase with fixed appliances.Treatment duration with removable appliances was 4 years and 5 months and for the fixed appliance phase, 1 year and 7 months.A class I occlusion could be achieved in this case by removable and fixed orthodontic appliances combined with adjunctive treatment for the hypotonic orofacial musculature.
Learning Communicative Acts in Children's Conversations: A Hidden Topic Markov Model Analysis of the CHILDES Corpora
Authors: Bergey Claire , Marshall Zoe , DeDeo Simon , Yurovsky Daniel 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOver their first years of life, children learn not just the words of their native languages, but how to use them to communicate. Because manual annotation of communicative intent does not scale to large corpora, our understanding of communicative act development is limited to case studies of a few children at a few time points. We present an approach to automatic identification of communicative acts using a hidden topic Markov model, applying it to the conversations of English‐learning children in the CHILDES database. We first describe qualitative changes in parent–child communication over development, and then use our method to demonstrate two large‐scale features of communicative development: (a) children develop a parent‐like repertoire of our model's communicative acts rapidly, their learning rate peaking around 14 months of age, and (b) this period of steep repertoire change coincides with the highest predictability between parents' acts and children's, suggesting that structured interactions play a role in learning to communicate.
Error Analysis on the Malaysian Students’ Writing for ESL Classroom
Authors: Wan Ibrahim Wan Khairunnisa’ , Othman Zarina 
Published: December 2021

English has been regarded as one of the core subjects in the Malaysian Certificate of Education or known as the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM). There has been a concern over the writing components in English language papers at the SPM level. Writing requires students’ competence in syntax, coherence, developing and arranging ideas, mechanics in writing and appropriate use of vocabulary. A concern over students who produce very limited number of words in their essays has resulted in the lack of content to be assessed which then led to low scores. This paper presents an error analysis focusing on the types of errors found in students’ written test scripts to identify the weaknesses of students' writing abilities. The study adopts a qualitative approach where the students’ written assessment texts were collected. A total of 18 upper secondary Year Four students (aged 16 years old) were selected as the research participants. The selection of participants was carried out in a secondary school in one of the states in Malaysia. The students’ written tests were analysed to identify the emerging categories of language use, focusing on language and grammar inaccuracies. It is found that students have the idea on how to write the answers to the task but seem to have difficulties putting the ideas in the correct structure.
A Systematic Literature Review on Key Elements of Branding Through Facebook
Authors: Abdul Malek Norazmah Suhailah , Ibrahim Noor Aireen , Hassan Hanita , Wan Adnan Wan Nur Asyura 
Published: December 2021

Branding is defined as the process of which a company, an organisation a product or a service becomes identical with a set of values, aspirations or states. It promotes ubiquity, visibility, functions and emotional bond with customers. Branding can be communicated using a variety of media. Through Facebook, branding can be communicated across its visual and textual components. This study examines how Facebook components are used to communicate branding among selected universities. Prior to analysing the components, the key elements of branding that were apt needed to be identified. To identify these, a systematic review on academic articles was conducted. This review was adapted from the Reporting Standards for Systematic Evidence Synthesis (ROSES) protocol. To conduct this review, 256 articles were collected from two databases. Two strategies which were selection and analysis were employed in choosing the most suitable articles and extracting the key elements. Selection was conducted to identify, screen and review all academic articles that were selected from Scopus and Google databases. Once selection was done, analysis was then conducted. This was done to extract key elements of branding that became the unit of analysis in examining the ways of selected universities’ Facebook postings were employed in communicating branding.
Joint Correction of Tropospheric and Orbital Errors in SAR Differential Interferograms
Authors: Hasni Kamel , Gourine Bachir , Namaoui Houaria , Larabi Mohammed El Amin , Allal Saddam Housseyn 
Published: December 2021

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite imagery is a source of data widely employed in the quantification and analysis of an earthquake coseismic displacement. However, due to the signal path along the atmosphere and to other sources, the interferometric phase becomes compromised. In this work, a methodology for the correction of tropospheric and orbital errors in the differential interferogram is presented. This methodology was applied to a couple of Sentinel-1A data. The phenomenon studied was the 11th November 2018 Zeribet el Oued earthquake, Mw. 5.2 (The state of Biskra, South East of Algeria). It was possible to correct both tropospheric and orbital errors, where the dominant one was the tropospheric delay, a displacement error of 4 cm was added to the differential interferogram by this noise source. The correction of orbital error led to a better interpretation of the coseismic displacement.
Computing Natural Frequencies and Mode Shapes of an Axially Moving Nonuniform Beam
Authors: Sinha Alok 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The partial differential equation of motion of an axially moving beam with spatially varying geometric, mass, and material properties has been derived. Using the theory of linear time-varying systems and numerical optimization, a general algorithm has been developed to compute complex eigenvalues/natural frequencies, mode shapes, and the critical speed for stability. Numerical results from the new method are presented for beams with spatially varying rectangular cross sections with sinusoidal variation in thickness and sine-squared variation in width. They are also compared to those from the Galerkin method. It has been found that critical speed of the beam can be significantly reduced by nonuniformity in a beam's cross section.
Pre-Operative Motion Planner for Steerable Needles Using Cost Map Based on Repulsive Field and Empirical Model of Needle Deflection
Authors: Jiang Shan , Jiang Bowen , Fang Peina , Yang Zhiyong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Needle insertion is a common procedure in percutaneous puncture. A motion planner for a steerable needle that considers the risk level of the path in anatomical environment and the actual deflection of clinical needle is necessary. A novel pre-operative motion planner for a steerable needle controlled by robot is proposed. Our method utilizes sampling-based planner to compute candidate path in the reachable region, and the path solutions are optimized by calculating the cost of a path based on a cost map. The cost map, which is built based on repulsive field theory from CT image, encodes the information of the obstacle locations and the criticality of the anatomical environment. The empirical formula that can predict needle trajectory is obtained by insertion experiments. Experiments show that under the guidance of our planner, the positioning error in phantom made with gelatin and three-dimensional (3D) printed models is less than 1.1 mm. Comparing with the straight-line insertion method in the same phantom, the positioning error was reduced by 80%. The results indicate that the motion planner has the potential to provide effective guidance for robot-assisted puncture surgery while enhancing the position precision and patient safety.
Tactile Texture Presentation by Vibratory Pin Arrays Based on Surface Height Maps
Authors: Ikei Yasushi , Yamada Mariko , Fukuda Shuichi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The authors introduce a method for presenting tactile textures by using vibratory pin arrays, which is based on a surface-height map. The method utilizes a histogram transformation to obtain a sensation intensity map, which produces simulated tactile stimuli of real texture sample patches on display devices. Parameters of histogram transformation were determined by an experiment in which data from six candidates were gathered and compared. Five different wallpaper patches were examined on two displays, the Texture Display and the Optacon II. In the case of the Texture Display, subjects showed small variation in parameter selection; in addition, the evaluation of display presentation in the roughness-smoothness dimension exhibited a result close to that of the direct touch of textures. In the case of the Optacon II, a sensation scaling was performed first on the basis of vibration probability control. Although the control mode possessed severe restrictions derived from the original design of the Optacon II, the sample textures were perceived properly by the same method as that employed with the Texture Display.