bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing Fairness Principles for Public Environmental Infrastructure Decisions
Authors: Schmid Sara , Vetschera Rudolf , Lienert Judit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPublic infrastructure decisions affect many stakeholders with various benefits and costs. For public decisions, it is crucial that decision-making processes and outcomes are fair. Fairness concepts have rarely been explored in public infrastructure planning. We close this gap for a global issue of growing importance: replacing sewer-based, centralized by decentralized wastewater systems. We empirically study fairness principles in this policy-relevant context, and identify possible influencing factors in a representative online survey of 472 Swiss German residents. In a transition phase, innovative, decentralized pilot wastewater systems are installed in households. We designed two vignettes for this context to test the adhesion to principles of distributive justice—equality, equity, and need—at individual and community levels. A third vignette tests procedural justice with increasing fulfilment of fair process criteria. The results confirm our hypotheses: equity is perceived as fairer than equality at individual and collective levels. Contrary to expectations and literature, need is perceived as even fairer than equity. Procedural justice results confirm literature, e.g., the majority (92%) of respondents deems a policy fair that includes them in decision-making. Only few demographic and explanatory factors are significantly correlated with respondents’ fairness perceptions. Although unexpected, this is positive, implying that introducing decentralized wastewater technology can be designed for the entire population independent of characteristics of individuals. Generally, our results confirm literature: fairness perceptions depend on the circumstances. Hence, they should be elicited in the exact application context to be able to enter negotiation processes and provide concrete advice to decision makers.
Fast track to the labour market? Experiences of learning in an active labour market policy measure for migrant teachers in Sweden
Authors: Ennerberg Elin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article analyses the case of a Swedish so-called “fast-track” programme for newly arrived migrant teachers with the use of a conceptual model of lifelong learning dimensions (Boyadjieva & Ilieva-Trichkova, 2016). The material is based on individual and focus group interviews with individual participants, public employment officers and university teachers. While some aspects of the course can be seen as transformative and allowing for intrinsic learning, the participants’ need for work often overshadowed more ambitious course goals. Nevertheless, the course provides participants with the opportunity to reflect on new aspects of teaching and broader societal values.
Naturalizing the contributory
Authors: Fox Philip 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper has two aims. First, I critically discuss Daniel Whiting’s (Philos Stud 195(9):2191–2208, 2018) recent proposal that a reason to ϕ is evidence of a respect in which it is right to ϕ. I raise two objections against this view: (i) it is subject to a modified version of Eva Schmidt’s (Ethics 127(3):708–718, 2018) counterexample against the influential account of reasons in terms of evidence and ‘ought’, and—setting aside judgments about specific cases—, (ii) it is also in an important senseuninformative. Interestingly, it turns out that this last objection cannot be helpfully understood in terms of circularity. This leads to a more general question about the criteria of adequacy for reductive accounts of reasons: In what sense, if any, should such accounts be informative? The second aim of this paper is to clarify one such sense, which is suggested by reflection on Whiting’s proposal. In particular, I argue that successful reductive accountsnaturalize the contributory—by which I mean, roughly, that they explain the specifically contributory nature of reasons in fully non-normative terms. Moreover, I explain how views that fail this criterion are unable to meet certain key explanatory desiderata for reductive accounts of reasons. After broaching some of the wider implications for the project of understanding the notion of a reason in other terms, I conclude that the notion of naturalizing the contributory is a helpful notion for structuring the debate over reductive accounts of reasons.
Reconstructing the Intrinsic Statistical Properties of Intermittent Locomotion Through Corrections for Boundary Effects
Authors: Cocconi Luca , Kuhn-Régnier Alexander , Neuss Malte , Sendova-Franks Ana B. , Christensen Kim 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLocomotion characteristics are often recorded within bounded spaces, a constraint which introduces geometry-specific biases and potentially complicates the inference of behavioural features from empirical observations. We describe how statistical properties of an uncorrelated random walk, namely the steady-state stopping location probability density and the empirical step probability density, are affected by enclosure in a bounded space. The random walk here is considered as a null model for an organism moving intermittently in such a space, that is, the points represent stopping locations and the step is the displacement between them. Closed-form expressions are derived for motion in one dimension and simple two-dimensional geometries, in addition to an implicit expression for arbitrary (convex) geometries. For the particular choice of no-go boundary conditions, we demonstrate that the empirical step distribution is related to the intrinsic step distribution, i.e. the one we would observe in unbounded space, via a multiplicative transformation dependent solely on the boundary geometry. This conclusion allows in practice for the compensation of boundary effects and the reconstruction of the intrinsic step distribution from empirical observations.
Stichwort: Digitalisierung in der kulturell-ästhetischen Bildung – eine konfigurierende Forschungssynthese
Authors: Kröner Stephan , Christ Alexander , Penthin Marcus 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDigitalisierung verändert zunehmend die kulturelle Bildung. Im Zuge des technologischen Fortschritts werden auch soziale Interaktionen, ästhetische Erfahrungen und Ausdrucksformen transformiert. In diesem Beitrag wird über eine konfigurierende Forschungssynthese zur Kartierung des sich entwickelnden Forschungsfeldes zur Digitalisierung in der kulturellen Bildung berichtet. Dazu wurden im Fachportal Pädagogik und in Scopus empirisch ausgerichtete Originalarbeiten mit explizitem Bezug zu Digitalisierung in der kulturellen Bildung identifiziert und nach formalen sowie inhaltlichen Kriterien kategorisiert. Inhaltlich wird ein Schwerpunkt in den bildenden Künsten deutlich. Arbeiten zu aktuellen Entwicklungen wie Digital Making und Virtual Reality sind jedoch selten. Ein Großteil der vorliegenden Arbeiten fokussiert auf formale Bildungsprozesse. Im Zentrum steht oft die Frage nach Determinanten von Kompetenzerwerb, Interesse und Motivation. Resultierende Evidenz wird jedoch häufig begrenzt durch schwache Designs, naive Vergleiche analog/digital und unterausgewertete Datensätze. Diskutiert wird, wie diese Desiderate in künftiger quantitativer wie qualitativer Forschung adressiert werden können.
Gemeinsam lernen, miteinander teilen – Zusammenhänge zwischen dem Besuch eines inklusiven Bildungsettings und dem sozialen Verhalten von SchülerInnen ohne sonderpädagogischen Förderbedarf
Authors: Labsch Amelie , Nusser Lena , Schmitt Monja , Schüpbach Marianne 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungKinder erlernen soziales Verhalten u. a. im schulischen Kontext indem sie mit anderen SchülerInnen interagieren. Insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der Ratifizierung der UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention stellt sich die Frage, ob sich SchülerInnen ohne sonderpädagogischen Förderbedarf (SPF) innerhalb inklusiver Klassen sozial anders verhalten als innerhalb von Klassen ohne SchülerInnen mit SPF. Mit Daten des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS) zeigt sich in mehrebenanalytischer Betrachtung, dass SchülerInnen ohne SPF in inklusiven Klassen nicht von höherem prosozialem Verhalten berichten, aber von höherem Problemverhalten im Umgang mit Gleichaltrigen als ihre Peers in nicht-inklusiven Klassen. Darüber hinaus fällt ihr Problemverhalten im Umgang mit Gleichaltrigen umso höher aus, je inklusiver die Klassenkomposition gestaltet ist. Dies lässt sich über die sozioökonomische Klassenkomposition erklären, indem in inklusiven Klassen ein bedeutsam höherer Anteil an SchülerInnen mit niedrigem sozioökonomischen Status zu finden ist als in nicht-inklusiven Klassen. Die ethnische Klassenkomposition kann dagegen nicht als Erklärung herangezogen werden.
Sleep apps for children—a critical view
Authors: Schlarb Angelika A. , Kater Maren-Jo , Werner Anika , Hertel Daniela , Lollies Friederike , Landwehr Janna , Kolip Petra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
During the last few years, technology support for various health-related areas is becoming increasingly common. Not only are nutrition apps or sports apps available, but apps regarding sleep are also available. As the prevalence of sleep disturbances in infancy and childhood is quite high, supportive strategies are necessary to help families to sleep healthy. Thus, this study addresses the topic of sleep apps for babies and children.

Methods
Sleep apps were searched using different strings. Age-oriented apps were scored using different criteria which were theoretically based (e.g., description, costs, downloads).

Results
We found 573 sleep apps using the Apple App Store and Google Play Store with the search strings “sleep” and “app” and “baby” or “children”. Of these, 15.4% were not declared for children or babies. Content of most apps was lullabies or music and songs. Sleep-related aspects as sleep information or sleep education was very rare.

Conclusions
There is a new field of sleep help—with sleep apps used by families. Because of the high prevalence concerning sleep problems, the market concerning sleep helping apps is well used. However, most of the sleep apps did not have declarations concerning age and other factors. Parents should be careful using sleep apps for their offspring.
Interpolation in wavelet spaces and the HRT-conjecture
Authors: Berge Eirik 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe investigate the wavelet spaces $$\mathcal {W}_{g}(\mathcal {H}_{\pi })\subset L^{2}(G)$$

W
g

(

H
π

)

⊂

L
2

(
G
)

arising from square integrable representations $$\pi :G \rightarrow \mathcal {U}(\mathcal {H}_{\pi })$$

π
:
G
→
U
(

H
π

)

of a locally compact group G. We show that the wavelet spaces are rigid in the sense that non-trivial intersection between them imposes strong restrictions. Moreover, we use this to derive consequences for wavelet transforms related to convexity and functions of positive type. Motivated by the reproducing kernel Hilbert space structure of wavelet spaces we examine an interpolation problem. In the setting of time–frequency analysis, this problem turns out to be equivalent to the HRT-conjecture. Finally, we consider the problem of whether all the wavelet spaces $$\mathcal {W}_{g}(\mathcal {H}_{\pi })$$

W
g

(

H
π

)

of a locally compact group G collectively exhaust the ambient space $$L^{2}(G)$$

L
2

(
G
)

. We show that the answer is affirmative for compact groups, while negative for the reduced Heisenberg group.
Applications of Lipidomics to Age-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Mo Chenglin , Du Yating , O’Connell Thomas M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The goal of this review is to highlight the need for new biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, especially osteoporosis and sarcopenia. These conditions are characterized by loss of bone and muscle mass, respectively, leading to functional deterioration and the development of disabilities. Advances in high-resolution lipidomics platforms are being used to help identify new lipid biomarkers for these diseases.

Recent Findings
It is now well established that bone and muscle have important endocrine functions, including the release of bioactive factors in response to mechanical and biochemical stimuli. Bioactive lipids are a prominent set of these factors and some of these lipids are directly related to the mass and function of bone and muscle. Recent lipidomics studies have shown significant dysregulation of lipids in aged muscle and bone, including alterations in diacylglycerols and ceramides. Studies have shown that alterations in some types of plasma lipids are associated with aging including reduced bone mineral density and the occurrence of osteoporosis.

Summary
Musculoskeletal disorders are a major burden in our society, especially for older adults. The development and application of new lipidomics methods is making significant advances in identifying new biomarkers for these diseases. These studies will not only lead to improved detection, but new mechanistic insights that could lead to new therapeutic targets and interventions.
Longitudinal Changes in Sleep: Associations with Shifts in Circulating Cytokines and Emotional Distress in a Cancer Survivor Population
Authors: Tucker Jo A. , Osann Kathryn , Hsieh Susie , Wahi Aditi , Monk Bradley J. , Wenzel Lari , Nelson Edward L. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Background
Sleep disturbances are associated with numerous mood disorders. Similarly, anxiety and depression are associated with modulation of the psychoneuroimmune (PNI) axis. This study hypothesized that changes in both monitored and self-reported measures of sleep would relate to changes in circulating cytokine levels in an emotionally distressed population of cervical cancer survivors.

Methods
Biospecimens, patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures, and actigraphy were collected from cervical cancer survivors enrolled in a biobehavioral clinical trial. Longitudinal changes over a 4-month period were examined. Sleep time measured by actigraphy and PRO were analyzed for correlative changes with emotional distress and serum cytokines (n = 71).

Results
Longitudinal change in the actigraph measure of sleep time was inversely associated with changes in depression and anxiety (test for linear trend, p = 0.02 and p = 0.05 respectively), as well as acute-phase response/pro-inflammatory cytokines (test for linear trend, p = 0.003, interleukin (IL)-2; 0.022, IL-1β; 0.0002, IL-6; and 0.049, tumor necrosis factor α). Conversely, changes in self-reported sleep problems were related to an increase in depression and anxiety (p = 0.001 and p = 0.01 respectively), the T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine IL-5 (p = 0.027), and the counter-regulatory cytokine IL-10 (0.016).

Conclusion
This study showed that an increase in sleep time or decrease in sleep problems corresponded with a reduction in self-reported emotional distress and attenuation of pro-inflammatory, Th2, and counter-regulatory cytokines. Our results support sleep measurement as a meaningful biobehavioral variable in cancer survivorship. This study also indicates that sleep investigators should be aware that choice of methodology might influence concordance with different classes of immune parameters.
Der Viererbobstart
Authors: Elm Annika , Gugutzer Robert 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Bobsport herrscht Konsens, dass die Startphase von zentraler Bedeutung für eine gute Endzeit ist. Dennoch hat sich die Sportwissenschaft mit der Frage, wie der Bobstart gelingt, bis dato kaum auseinandergesetzt. Der Beitrag holt dies in Form einer leibphänomenologischen Analyse der Startphase im Viererbob nach, indem er sein Augenmerk sowohl auf die leibliche Kommunikation der Athleten untereinander als auch zwischen ihnen und ihrem Sportgerät richtet. Theoretisches Fundament hierfür ist die Leibphänomenologie von Hermann Schmitz, empirische Grundlage sind problemzentrierte Interviews mit acht Kaderathleten des Bob- und Schlittenverbands für Deutschland (BSD). Zentrales Ergebnis der Untersuchung ist erstens, dass für das Gelingen des Viererbobstarts vor allem die antagonistisch-einseitige Einleibung der Athleten untereinander wie auch der Athleten mit dem Bob bedeutsam ist. Zweitens erweist sich die solidarische Einleibung der Athleten als wichtige Bedingung und gleichermaßen spürbarer Ausdruck eines gelungenen Viererbobstarts. Der Text präsentiert damit einen vollkommen neuen Blick auf den Bobsport. Mit seinem theoretisch-konzeptionellen Fokus auf leibliche Kommunikation im Sport liefert er darüber hinausgehend einen innovativen Beitrag zur phänomenologischen Sportforschung, wie er generell die fruchtbare Verbindung von Philosophie und empirischer Sportwissenschaft belegt.
Judgment Post-stratified Assessment Combining Ranking Information from Multiple Sources, with a Field Phenotyping Example
Authors: Ozturk Omer , Kravchuk Olena 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper presents novel estimators for a judgment post-stratified (JPS) sample, which combine the ranking information from different methods or rankers. A JPS sample divides the units in the original simple random sample (SRS) into several ranking groups based on the relative positions (ranks) of the units in their individual small comparison sets. Ranks in the comparison sets may be assigned with several different ranking procedures. When considered separately, each ranking method leads to a different JPS sample estimator of the population mean or total. Here we introduce equally or unequally weighted estimators, which combine the ranking information from multiple sources. The unequal weights utilize the standard errors of the individual ranking methods estimators. The weighted estimators provide a substantial improvement over an SRS estimator and a JPS estimator based on a single ranking method. The new estimators are applied to crop establishment phenotypic data from an agricultural field experiment.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
COVID-19: From health crises to food security anxiety and policy implications
Authors: Chiwona-Karltun Linley , Amuakwa-Mensah Franklin , Wamala-Larsson Caroline , Amuakwa-Mensah Salome , Abu Hatab Assem , Made Nolwandle , Taremwa Nathan Kanuma , Melyoki Lemayon , Rutashobya Lettice Kinunda , Madonsela Thulisile , Lourens Marna , Stone Wendy , Bizoza Alfred R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLike the rest of the world, African countries are reeling from the health, economic and social effects of COVID-19. The continent’s governments have responded by imposing rigorous lockdowns to limit the spread of the virus. The various lockdown measures are undermining food security, because stay at home orders have among others, threatened food production for a continent that relies heavily on agriculture as the bedrock of the economy. This article draws on quantitative data collected by the GeoPoll, and, from these data, assesses the effect of concern about the local spread and economic impact of COVID-19 on food worries. Qualitative data comprising 12 countries south of the Sahara reveal that lockdowns have created anxiety over food security as a health, economic and human rights/well-being issue. By applying a probit model, we find that concern about the local spread of COVID-19 and economic impact of the virus increases the probability of food worries. Governments have responded with various efforts to support the neediest. By evaluating the various policies rolled out we advocate for a feminist economics approach that necessitates greater use of data analytics to predict the likely impacts of intended regulatory relief responses during the recovery process and post-COVID-19.
A review of public acceptance of nature-based solutions: The ‘why’, ‘when’, and ‘how’ of success for disaster risk reduction measures
Authors: Anderson Carl C. , Renaud Fabrice G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNature-based solutions (NbS) are increasingly recognized as sustainable approaches to address societal challenges. Disaster risk reduction (DRR) has benefited by moving away from purely ‘grey’ infrastructure measures towards NbS. However, this shift also furthers an increasing trend of reliance on public acceptance to plan, implement and manage DRR measures. In this review, we examine how unique NbS characteristics relate to public acceptance through a comparison with grey measures, and we identify influential acceptance factors related to individuals, society, and DRR measures. Based on the review, we introduce the PA-NbS model that highlights the role of risk perception, trust, competing societal interests, and ecosystem services. Efforts to increase acceptance should focus on providing and promoting awareness of benefits combined with effective communication and collaboration. Further research is required to understand interconnections among identified factors and how they can be leveraged for the success and further uptake of NbS.
FR-type algorithm for finding approximate solutions to nonlinear monotone operator equations
Authors: Abubakar Auwal Bala , Muangchoo Kanikar , Ibrahim Abdulkarim Hassan , Abubakar Jamilu , Rano Sadiya Ali 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on the problem of convex constraint nonlinear equations involving monotone operators in Euclidean space. A Fletcher and Reeves type derivative-free conjugate gradient method is proposed. The proposed method is designed to ensure the descent property of the search direction at each iteration. Furthermore, the convergence of the proposed method is proved under the assumption that the underlying operator is monotone and Lipschitz continuous. The numerical results show that the method is efficient for the given test problems.
Cognitive, physical and disability trajectories in community-dwelling elderly people
Authors: Ferraro Ottavia Eleonora , Guaita Antonio , Villani Simona 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds and aims
Health trajectories in aging, rather than single time-point assessments, could be early indicators of the onset of conditions such as dementia. The aim of this study was to identify different aging trajectories and to investigate their influence on the cumulative incidence of dementia.

Methods
We evaluated data referring to 993 elders from the InveCe.Ab study cohort. All subjects were free from dementia at baseline and re-assessed on at least one other occasion thereafter. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), physical function using the Walking Speed Test (WST), and disability on the basis of the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score. To describe the different courses of the three outcomes combined, the Group-Based Trajectory Model (GBTM) method was applied. We looked for differences in age, gender, education, ApoE-e4 carrier status and obesity, and then investigated the influence of the observed trajectories on the incidence of dementia.

Results
Three trajectories were identified: a “good” scenario was observed in 703 (70.2%) individuals, who showed substantially stable cognitive and physical function and no disability; an “intermediate” scenario in 248 subjects (25.5%), who recorded a longer walking time, lower MMSE score, and a one-point higher ADL score; and a “severe” scenario in 42 elders (4.3%), who recorded declines in all the outcomes. Female gender, obesity and low education were most represented in the “severe” group. ApoE-e4 carrier status showed no difference between groups. The estimated cumulative incidence of dementia was higher in the “severe” (37%) than in the “intermediate” (7%) and “good” (< 1%) scenarios.

Conclusions
Using simple measurements, we built different aging trajectories, and observed that the worst performers had the highest incidence of dementia. Better knowledge of trajectories of aging would be useful for preventive interventions aimed at promoting healthier aging.