bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical Period for Learning and Plastic Changes at Hippocampal CA1 Synapses
Authors: Sakimoto Yuya , Mitsushima D 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Postnatal development of hippocampal function has been reported in numerous mammalian species, including humans. To obtain a synaptic evidence, we analyzed developmental changes in plasticity after an inhibitory avoidance task in rats. Learning performance was low in infants (postnatal 2 weeks) but clearly improved from the juvenile period (3–4 weeks) to adulthood (8 weeks). One hour after the training, we prepared brain slices and sequentially recorded miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) from the same hippocampal CA1 neuron. Although the training failed to affect the amplitude of either mEPSCs or mIPSCs at 2 weeks, it increased mEPSC, but not mIPSC, amplitude at 3 weeks. At 4 weeks, the training had increased the amplitude of both mEPSCs and mIPSCs, whereas mIPSC, but not mEPSC, amplitude was increased at 8 weeks. Because early-life physiological functions can affect performance, we also evaluated sensory–motor functions together with emotional state and found adequate sensory/motor functions from infancy to adulthood. Moreover, by analyzing performance of rats in multiple hippocampal-dependent tasks, we found that the developmental changes in the performance are task dependent. Taken together, these findings delineate a critical period for learning and plastic changes at hippocampal CA1 synapses.
Degradation Sulfamethoxazole by Chlorination in Water Distribution Systems: Kinetics, Toxicity, and Antibiotic Resistance Genes
Authors: Xu Luo , li cong , Wei Guozijian , Ji Jie , Lichtfouse Eric , García Andreina , Zhang Yunshu , Zhang Kai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a veterinary drugs and feed additives, which has been frequently detected in surface waters in recent years. This paper investigated the kinetics, evolution of toxicity and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of SMX in reactions with free chlorine (FC) to evaluate the fate of SMX in batch reactors and water distribution systems (WDS). In the range of investigated pH (6.3 – 9.0), the SMX degradation had the fastest rate at close to neutral pH. The chlorination of SMX could be described by the first-order kinetics, with specific second-order rate constants in batch reactors of (2.23 ± 0.07) × 102 M− s and (5.04 ± 0.30) × 101 M− s− for HClO and ClO−, respectively. And in WDS of (1.76 ± 0.07) × 102 M− s− and (4.06 ± 0.62) × 101 M− s−, respectively. The SMX degradation rate was also affected by pipe material, and the rate followed the order: stainless-steel pipe (SS) > ductile iron pipe (DI) > polyethylene pipe (PE). The flow rate from 0.7 to 1.5 m/s led to an increase of SMX degradation rate in DI, but the increase was limited. In addition, SMX could increase the toxicity of water initially, yet the toxicity reduced to the level of tap water after 2 hours chlorination. The relative abundance of ARGs (sul1 and sul2) of tap water samples was significantly increased under different conditions including only use SMX, chlorination products of SMX, or pretreatment with SMX followed by chlorination.
Runx2 and Runx3 differentially regulate articular chondrocytes during surgically induced osteoarthritis development
Authors: Nagata Kosei , Hojo Hironori , Chang Song Ho , Okada Hiroyuki , Yano Fumiko , Chijimatsu Ryota , Omata Yasunori , Mori Daisuke , Makii Yuma , Kawata Manabu , Kaneko Taizo , Iwanaga Yasuhide , Nakamoto Hideki , Maenohara Yuji , Tachibana Naohiro , Ishikura Hisatoshi , Higuchi Junya , Taniguchi Yuki , Ohba Shinsuke , Chung Ung-il , Tanaka Sakae , Saito Taku 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The Runt-related transcription factor (Runx) family plays various roles in the homeostasis of cartilage. Here, we examined the role of Runx2 and Runx3 for osteoarthritis (OA) development in vivo and in vitro. Runx3 knockout mice accelerated OA by surgical induction, accompanied with decreased expression of lubricin and aggrecan. Meanwhile, Runx2 conditional knockout mice showed biphasic phenotypes; OA was inhibited by hetero-knockout accompanied with decreased matrix metallopeptidase 13 (Mmp13) expression, but accelerated in homo-knockout of Runx2 accompanied with reduction of type II collagen (Col2a1) expression. Comprehensive transcriptional analyses revealed lubricin and aggrecan as transcriptional target genes of Runx3, and indicated that Runx2 sustained Col2a1 expression through an intron 6 enhancer when Sox9 was decreased. Intra-articular administration of Runx3 adenovirus ameliorated development of surgically induced OA. Runx3 protects adult articular cartilage through extracellular matrix protein production under the normal condition, while Runx2 exerts both catabolic and anabolic effects under the inflammatory condition.
Genotype by Environment Interaction and Grain Yield Stability of Drought Tolerant Cowpea landraces in Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Tesfaye Walle , Mekbib Firew , Amsalu Berhanu , Gedil Melaku , Labuschagne Maryke 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cowpea is one of the most important indigenous food and forage legumes in Africa. It serves as a primary source of protein for poor farmers in drought-prone areas of Ethiopia. The crop is used as a source of food, and insurance crop during the dry season. Cowpea is adaptable to a wide range of climatic conditions. Despite this, the productivity of the crop is generally low due to lack of stable and drought tolerant varieties. In this study, 25 cowpea genotypes were evaluated in five environments using a triple lattice design during the 2017 and 2018 main cropping seasons. The objectives of this study were to estimate the magnitude of genotype by environment interaction (GEI) and grain yield stability of selected drought tolerant cowpea genotypes across different environments. The additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model indicated the contribution of environment, genotype and GEI as 63.98 6%, 2.66% and 16.30% of the total variation for grain yield, respectively. The magnitudes of the GEI sum of squares were 6.12 times that of the genotypes for grain yield. The IPCA1, IPCA2 and IPCA3 were all significant and explained 45.47%, 28.05% and 16.59% of the GEI variation, respectively. The results from AMMI, cultivar superior measure (Pi), genotype plus genotype-by-environment (GGE) biplot yield stability index (YSI), and AMMI stability value (ASV) analyses identified NLLP-CPC-07-145-21, NLLP-CPC-103-B and NLLP_CPC-07-54 as stable and high yielding genotypes across environments. Thus, these genotypes should be recommended for release for production for drought prone areas. NLLP-CPC-07-143, Kanketi and CP-EXTERETIS were the least stable. The AMMI1 biplot showed that Jinka was a high potential and favorable environment while Babile was an unfavorable environment for cowpea production.
Complement Inhibition Reduces Post-Hemorrhagic Hydrocephalus in Mouse Neonatal Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage
Authors: Alshareef Mohammed , Mallah Khalil , Vasas Tyler , Alawieh Ali , Borucki Davis , Couch Christine , Cutrone Jonathan , Shope Chelsea , Eskandari Ramin , Tomlinson Stephen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
IntroductionGerminal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a devastating disease of infancy that results in intraventricular hemorrhage, post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), periventricular leukomalacia and neurocognitive deficits. There are no curative treatments and limited surgical options. We developed a novel mouse model of GMH and investigated the role of complement in PHH development.MethodsWe utilized a neonatal mouse model of GMH involving injection of collagenase into the subventricular zone of post-natal day four (P4) pups. Animals were randomized into four experimental arms: Naïve, sham injured, injured and vehicle (PBS) treated, and injured and CR2Crry-treated (a pan-complement inhibitor). Histopathologic and immunofluorescence analyses were performed at P14 with a focus on parameters of neuroinflammation and neuroprotection. Survival was monitored through day 45, prior to which cognitive and motor function was analyzed.ResultsThe complement inhibitor CR2Crry, which binds C3 complement activation products, localized specifically in the brain following systemic administration after GMH. Compared to vehicle treatment, CR2Crry treatment reduced PHH and lesion size, which was accompanied by decreased perilesional complement deposition, decreased astrocytosis and microgliosis, and the preservation of dendritic and neuronal density. Progression to PHH and neuronal loss was linked to microglial phagocytosis of complement opsonized neurons, which was reversed with CR2Crry treatment. Complement inhibition also improved survival and weight gain, and improved motor performance and cognitive outcomes measured in adolescent GMH mice. ConclusionComplement plays an important role in the pathological sequelae of GMH. Complement inhibition represents a novel therapeutic approach to reduce disease progression in neonatal GMH and PHH, for which there is currently no treatment outside of surgical intervention.
Identification of Immune Infiltration-related Gene Signature Associated with Prognosis and Immune Features in Stomach Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yang Ya , Zhang Xintan , Li Tingxuan , Zhang Yue , Zuo Xiaoxiao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Immune infiltrated genes (IIGs) have been identified to associated with the prognosis of various cancers, but their expression and prognostic significance remain largely unclear in stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD).Methods: Gene expression profiles and clinical data of STAD patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) as a training dataset (n = 375) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases as a validation dataset (n = 300). Construction of high and low immune cell infiltration groups was performed by single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and evaluated by ESTIMATE algorithm-derived immune scores. The overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in tumor vs. normal and Immunity-H vs. Immunity-L were selected as differentially expressed immune infiltrated genes (DEIIGs), which were used to construct DEIIG prognostic signature and its performance was validated using validation dataset. Moreover, the association between clinical data and immune features were explored. Furthermore, ADH4 and ANGPT2 were selected for analyzing their expression and prognostic values in STAD patients.Results: A total of 191 overlapping DEGs, including 6 lnRNAs and 185 mRNA were identified. Consecutively, 9 DEIIG prognostic signature (LINC00843, ADH4, ANGPT2, APOA1, ASLC2, GFRA1, KIAA1549L, MTTP and PROC) were identified as risk signature and Kaplan-Meier curve and ROC curve verified its performance in TCGA and GEO datasets. Total five clinical outcomes (age, pathologic T, radiotherapy, tumor recurrence and prognostic score model status) were identified to be associated with the survival prognosis of STAD patients. The TIMER algorithm revealed that B cell, T cell CD4+, neutrophil, macrophage and myeloid dendritic cell were positively correlated with STAD prognosis, while CD8+ was negatively correlated with STAD prognosis. Additionally, we validated that higher ADH4 and lower ANGPT2 predicted better survival prognosis in STAD patients.Conclusion: We constructed and verified a robust signature of nine DEIIG prognostic signature for the prediction of STAD patient survival.
Comprehensive Analysis Reveals Promising Immune Target and Prognostic Value of PLK3 in Glioma
Authors: Qian Ao , Huo Gang , Wang Xiaoshu , Mou Jiamin , Gao Dong , Chen Song 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background

PLK3, a gene played an important role in cell cycle progression and stress response, was identified in different carcinomas. However, the PLK3 expression, molecular characteristics, and prognostic value in glioma still remained unknown.
Methods

Total 2265 glioma samples from the CGGA RNA-seq, TCGA RNA-seq, CGGA microarray, GSE16011, as well as their clinical information and genomic profiles were selected in our research. Survival analysis based on Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard model methods was performed to evaluate the prognostic value.
Results

Expression of PLK3 was compared in different WHO grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) status, and molecular subtype of gliomas. We found that increased level of PLK3 was associated with malignancy and invasiveness of glioma, and high expression of PLK3 may represent malignant entities with amplification of driver oncogenes and deletion of suppressor genes. Moreover, PLK3 played a crucial role in inflammatory and immune response, and was involved in suppressive T cell anti-tumor functions. Furthermore, PLK3 was synergistic with other checkpoint members in glioma. Finally, high expression of PLK3 was associated with malignant process and reduced survival in patients with glioma.
Conclusion

PLK3 may serve as an indicator of poor prognosis in glioma and a potential target for immunotherapy of glioma. These results demonstrated that PLK3 may serve as a biomarker and a potential target of glioma.
Healthy Eating Index 2015 and Major Dietary Patterns in Relation to Incident Hypertension; A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Pasdar Yahya , Hamzeh Behrooz , Moradi Shima , Mohammadi Ehsan , Darbandi Mitra , Safari Roya , Najafi Farid 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Since hypertension (HTN) is responsible for more than half of all deaths from cardiovascular disease, it is important to know the nutritional factors that reduce its risk. Although little information is known about it in the Kurdish population. This study was aimed to evaluate healthy eating index (HEI) 2015 and major dietary patterns in relation to incident HTN. Methods: This case- cohort study was designed using data from Ravansar non- communicable diseases (RaNCD) cohort study (294 participants with incident HTN and 1295 participants as representative random sub-cohort). HEI 2015 and major dietary patterns were extracted using data from their dietary intake and three major dietary patterns were identified including plant- based, high protein, and unhealthy dietary patterns. To analysis of association between HEI 2015 and major dietary patterns with incident HTN Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied. Results: There was a positive significant correlation between HEI 2015 and plant- based diet (r=0.492). The participants in the highest quartile of HEI-2015 had a 39% lower risk of incident HTN, compared to participants in first quartile in both crude and adjusted model (HR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.46-0.82) and (HR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.51–0.97), respectively. Furthermore, participants who were the highest tertile of plant- based dietary pattern were lower risk of incident HTN in both crude and adjusted models (HR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.54–0.9) and (HR: 0.7; 95% CI: 0.53–0.94), respectively. However, other two identified dietary patterns had no significant association with incident HTN. Conclusions: We found evidence indicating higher adherence to HEI 2015 and plant- based diet had protective effects on incident HTN. The HEI 2015 emphasizes limited sodium intake and adequate intake of vegetables and fruits.
Finite Element Modeling of Melt Pool Dynamics in Laser Powder Bed Fusion of 316L Stainless Steel
Authors: Trejos-Taborda Juan , Reyes-Osorio Luis , Garza Carlos , Zambrano-Robledo Patricia del Carmen , Lopez-Botello Omar Eduardo 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF), melt pool dynamics stability determines the overall quality of a manufactured component. In this work, a numerical model of the LPBF process was developed in order to study and fully understand the behavior of the melt pool dynamics. The numerical model takes into account most of the manufacturing parameters, thermophysical properties, an enhanced thermal conductivity approach and a volumetric heat source in order to precisely mimic LPBF. This research assumes that the energy emitted by the laser interacts with the metal powder with an absorptivity gradient through the layer thickness in order to calculate the thermal history of the process and the evolution of the melt pool dimensions. The obtained results determined that melt pool dimensions follow a thermal pattern, which is caused by the laser scanning strategy of the LPBF process. A new effective width criterion was proposed in the present research in order to accurately relate both calculated and measured dimensions of the melt pool, reducing the relative error of the model and obtaining data scattering with a standard deviation of ±7.21 µm and a relative error of 2.92%.
Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Blood Pressure: Evidence from a Chinese Large Multiple Follow-Up Study
Authors: Jiangtulu Bahabaike , Lan Changxin , Chen Junxi , Wang Bin , Xue Tao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background:

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5 or FPM) may cause adverse effects on cardiovascular diseases. However, evidence that whether improved air quality can decrease blood pressure (BP) in humans is still needed from a large population study.
Methods:

Our study aimed to investigate the association of population ambient PM2.5 exposure with the blood pressure (BP) changes in China with implementing the Action Plan on Air Pollution Prevention and Control. A total of14,080 participants who had at least two valid visits were adopted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) during 2011–2015. Their long-term PM2.5 exposure was assessed at the geographical level of a regular 0.1° × 0.1° grid over China. A mixed-effects regression model was used to assess their associations. The robustness and homogeneity of the association were tested via sensitivity analyses.
Results:

The results revealed that each reduction of 10 µg/m3 in the 1 year-mean PM2.5 concentration (FPM1Y) was associated with a decrease of 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84–1.64) mmHg of systolic BP (SBP) and 0.50 (95% CI: 0.25–0.75) mmHg of diastolic BP (DBP), respectively. A robust association was observed between the long-term reduction of PM2.5 and decreased BP in the middle-aged and elderly population in China. These findings were further confirmed by a non-linear regression model.
Conclusions:

We concluded that air pollution control for PM2.5 can obviously promote vascular health. Our study provided robust scientific support for making the air pollution control policies.
Synthesis And Biological Activity of Amide Derivatives Derived From Natural Product Waltherione F
Authors: Fang Hongbin , Chen Zhanfang , Hua Xuewen , Liu Wenrui , Xue Chenmeng , Liu Yi , Zhu Xiaohe , Yuan Man , Cheng Shuang , Wang Bingxiang , Ru Jing , Bazhanau Dzmitry , Cui Yanhong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Structural optimization based on natural products has become an effective way to develop new green fungicides, which provide important guiding significance for practicing the new development concept and promoting the green development of pesticides. In this project, combined with the fungicidal amide lead compound X-I-4 discovered in our previous work and fungicidal piperazine derivatives reported in literatures, the target compounds containing 4-quinolone and piperazine substructures based on waltherione F were designed, synthesized and screened for their biological activity. The bioassay results indicated that compounds I-3, I-5, II-3, II-7, II-10, II-11 and II-13 displayed higher inhibition rates against Rhizoctonia solani than other tested compounds. The in vitro cellular cytotoxicity assay revealed the compounds II-6 and II-11 exhibited higher cytotoxicity against HepG2 than other tested compounds. The fluorescence characteristics investigation showed that the absolute fluorescence QY value of the methanol solution of the compound I-6 was higher than those of I-2, I-3, I-7 and I-8, which was further elucidated by TD-DFT.
Microfluidic Screening And Genomic Mutation Identification For Enhancing Cellulase Production in Pichia Pastoris
Authors: Yuan Huiling , Zhou Ying , Tu Ran , Lin Yuping , Guo Yufeng , Zhang Yuanyuan , Wang Qinhong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPichia pastoris is a widely used host organism for heterologous production of industrial enzymes and other proteins, such as cellulase applied in various industries. By developing rational and irrational engineering strategies, great progress has been achieved in improving protein expression in P. pastoris. However, due to unknown genomic impact factors, the potential of the P. pastoris expression system has not been fully explored. Recently, whole-cell directed evolution, employing iterative rounds of genome-wide diversity generation and high throughput screening (HTS), is considered as a promising strategy in strain improvement at the genome level.ResultsIn this study, whole-cell directed evolution of P. pastoris, employing atmospheric and room temperature plasma (ARTP) mutagenesis and droplet-based microfluidic high-throughput screening (HTS), was developed to improve heterogenous cellulase production. The droplet-based microfluidic HTS platform based on a cellulase-catalyzed reaction of releasing fluorescence was established to be suitable for methanol-grown P. pastoris. The validation experiment showed a positive sorting efficiency of 94.4% at a sorting rate of 300 drops per second. Through five rounds of iterative ARTP mutagenesis and microfluidic screening, cellulase production capacities of mutants in each round were gradually enhanced. Among them, the best mutant strain R5-2 exhibited the cellulase activity of 11,110 ± 523 U/L, an about 2-fold increase compared to the starting strain. Whole-genome resequencing analysis further uncovered three accumulated genomic alterations in coding region during iterative ARTP mutagenesis and screening. Intriguingly, the point mutation Rsc1V22G was observed in all the top-performing producers selected from each round, and gene deletion analysis confirmed that Rsc1, a component of the RSC chromatin remodeling complex, might play an important role in cellulase production. ConclusionsWe established a droplet-based microfluidic HTS system, thereby facilitating whole-cell directed evolution of P. pastoris for enhancing cellulase production, and meanwhile identified genomic alterations by whole-genome resequencing and analyzed. Our approaches and findings would provide guides to accelerate whole-cell directed evolution of host strains and enzymes of high industrial interest.
Ultrafast signatures of spin and orbital order in antiferromagnetic α-Sr2CrO4
Authors: Lee Min-Cheol , Occhialini Connor , Li Jiarui , Zhu Zhihai , Sirica Nicholas , Mix La Moyne , Yarotski Dmitry , Comin Riccardo , Prasankumar Rohit 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We used femtosecond optical spectroscopy to study ultrafast spin and orbital ordering dynamics in the antiferromagnetic Mott insulator α-Sr2CrO4. This chromate system possesses multiple spin and orbital ordered phases, and therefore could enable us to study the unique interplay between these collective phases through their non-equilibrium response to photoexcitation. Here, by varying the pump photon energy, we selectively drove inter-site spin hopping between neighboring Cr t2g orbitals and charge transfer-type transitions between oxygen 2p and Cr eg orbitals. The resulting transient reflectivity dynamics revealed temperature-dependent anomalies across the Neel temperature for spin ordering as well as the transition temperatures linked to different types of orbital order. Our results reveal distinct relaxation timescales for spin and orbital orders in α-Sr2CrO4 and provide experimental evidence for the phase transition at TO, possibly related to antiferro-type orbital ordering.