bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Ventilation and Weaning Practices for Adults with Spinal Cord Injury - An International Survey
Authors: Korupolu Radha , Stampas Argyrios , Jimenez Isaac Hernandez , Cruz Darby , Di Giusto Melina Longoni , Verduzco-Gutierrez Monica , Davis Matthew E. 
Published: June 2021

Objective:
There is heterogeneity in the management of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV). This survey's objective was to study the current practices of ventilator management and weaning in adults with SCI.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional, self-administered global electronic survey of providers caring for adults with SCI on MV. Recruitment was accomplished through direct E-mailing, social media posting and sharing amongst qualifying providers. Respondents were divided into acute care (AC) and rehabilitation (rehab) groups based on their work setting and specialty.

Results:
Overall, 137 respondents with a majority from North America (50%) were included. Assist Control mode was the most frequently reported mode (33%) in AC and the rehabilitation setting (RS). Most (72%) in AC use predicted body weight (PBW) to determine the tidal volume (VT); it varies widely in the RS. The highest VT (median [interquartile range]) reported by AC was 10 (8–10) cc/kg pbw compared to 13 (10–15) cc/kg pbw (P = 0.001) in the RS. Application of positive end-expiratory pressure and keeping the tracheostomy cuff inflated are commonly reported practices in AC, whereas there is inconsistency with these practices in the RS. Regarding factors to initiate weaning, physicians in the AC mostly relied on arterial blood gas (70%) findings, whereas in the RS, physicians relied on vital capacity (73%).

Conclusion:
We found significant differences in practices between “AC and RS” and “within RS,” which warrants further investigation of optimal ventilator settings and weaning practices for people with SCI.
Epidemiological Determinants of Children's Orthopedic Care in Rural Central India
Authors: James Deeptiman , Gajendran Manjulata , Paraseth Tapan Kumar 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Musculoskeletal disorders of children in rural India are often highlighted through anecdotal reports of delayed presentations. This study was conducted to identify prevalence and factors that influenced children's orthopedic care in a secondary hospital in rural Central India.

Methodology:
A retrospective survey was conducted to identify the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and delayed presentation among children at our institution from July 2011 to June 2016. Actionable epidemiological determinants were identified with the Delphi method and a prospective cohort was analyzed for delayed presentation.

Results:
Among 2281 children 71% presented with trauma. The incidence of delayed presentation among the trauma cases was 28%. Remaining had neuromuscular (17%), infectious (3.75%), metabolic (1.5%), congenital (3.25%), and miscellaneous (3.5%) disorders. Delayed presentation in 19 children from a prospective cohort of 100 patients showed significant association with distance traveled to reach the clinic and poor transport infrastructure in rural areas (P = 0.025) but did not differ by socioeconomic scale (SES) (P = 0.085), lack of health insurance coverage (P = 0.348) or primary indigenous treatment (P = 0.535). In this cohort, 84% belonged to middle and low-SES families, 33% had insurance coverage, 79% received primary traditional remedies and 68% traveled from distant rural locations.

Conclusions:
Trauma care and neuromuscular diseases constituted the bulk of musculoskeletal disorders in children in this survey from rural India. Poor transport infrastructure led to delayed presentation in the prospective cohort but lower SES, lack of health insurance, and rampant primary indigenous treatment in rural areas are likely contributory factors.
Is Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome Influenced by Pelvic Anatomy? A Radiological Review
Authors: Kattimani Raviprasad , Bayley Morgan 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is one of the common causes of hip pain, which can be difficult to treat. The incidence of GTPS is highest in the middle aged and the elderly. The iliotibial band (ITB) acts as a tension band over the concave lateral surface of the femur. We postulate that those with wider pelvic morphology have higher tension though the ITB which predisposes to developing GTPS.

Aim of the Study:
The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between pelvic anatomy and GTPS.

Methodology:
A total of 89 patients underwent steroid injection in a district general hospital for the clinical diagnosis of GTPS between February 2013 and December 2014. We performed a retrospective radiological analysis of their pelvic morphology. We measured intertrochanteric distance and the bispinal distance between both anterosuperior iliac spines on anteroposterior pelvis radiographs. A ratio of intertrochanteric to bispinal distance was calculated. Femoral neck angle and offset were also recorded. Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis.

Results:
The average intertrochanteric distance and bispinal distance of patients with GTPS and control group were 362 mm and 341 mm, respectively. Intertrochanteric to bi spinal average ratio of 1.06 was found in GTPS group compared to 1.04 in the control group. Patients with GTPS had more varus femoral necks and a larger femoral offset. Intertrochanteric distance, neck-shaft angle, and offset were also statistically significant.

Conclusion:
We postulate that risk factors for GTPS include female sex, increasing age, and a wider pelvis. To allow for magnification of radiographs, we would suggest the use of the intertrochanteric to bispinal ratio in assessing patients with suspected trochanteric bursitis. We believe a figure of >1.06 would be supportive of the condition.
Comparisons of Health-Related Quality of Life of Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis Undergoing Anterior Spinal Fusion with Extrapleural and Posterior Lumbar Spinal Fusion with Transpleural Treatments using Scoliosis Research Society-22 Questionnaire
Authors: Ng Bobby Kin-Wah , Chau Wai-Wang , Hui Anna C. N. , Wong C. Y. , Shit Francis K. Y. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Conventional posterior lumbar spinal fusion (PLSF) surgical treatment in severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients involved transpleural technique. AIS patients undergoing anterior spinal fusion (ASF) together with extrapleural treatments in the treatment of thoracolumbar scoliosis are well known for its effect in curve correction. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients after ASF and PLSF has yet to be explored.

Subjects and Methods:
Severe AIS patients underwent ASF with extrapleural or PLSF with transpleural treatments filled out Scoliosis Research Society-22 (SRS-22) questionnaire before and after surgery. HRQOL before and after surgery was compared. HRQOL between ASF and PLSF was also compared.

Results:
Twenty-eight patients (10 ASF extrapleural and 18 PLSF transpleural) filled out the SRS-22 questionnaire before and after surgery. No significant difference in function, pain, self-image, mental, satisfaction, and mean scores between ASF and PLSF. All mentioned domains and mean scores were significantly improved after surgery in both ASF and PLSF.

Conclusions:
Significant improvements in all HRQOL domains after either treatment after surgery were observed, while there was no difference when compared with each other postoperatively. ASF with extrapleural treatment provided same HRQOL as of PLSF.
Colorimetric Reverse Transcription–Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Lai Meng Yee , Tang Soo Nee , Lau Yee Ling 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been spreading rapidly all over the world. In the absence of effective treatments or a vaccine, there is an urgent need to develop a more rapid and simple detection technology of COVID-19. We describe a WarmStart colorimetric reverse transcription–loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The detection limit for this assay was 1 copy/µL SARS-CoV-2. To test the clinical sensitivity and specificity of the assay, 37 positive and 20 negative samples were used. The WarmStart colorimetric RT-LAMP had 100% sensitivity and specificity. End products were detected by direct observation, thereby eliminating the need for post-amplification processing steps. WarmStart colorimetric RT-LAMP provides an opportunity to facilitate virus detection in resource-limited settings without a sophisticated diagnostic infrastructure.
Neotectonics of Graciosa island (Azores): a contribution to seismic hazard assessment of a volcanic area in a complex geodynamic setting
Authors: Ana Hipólito  , José Madeira  , Rita Carmo  , João Luís Gaspar  
Published: June 2021

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">Graciosa is a mid-Pleistocene to Holocene volcanic island that lies in a complex plate boundary between the North American, Eurasian, and Nubian plates. Large fault scarps displace the oldest (Middle Pleistocene) volcanic units, but in the younger areas recent volcanism (Holocene to Upper Pleistocene) conceals the surface expression of faulting, limiting neotectonic observations. The large displacement accumulated by the older volcanic units when compared with the younger formations suggests a variability of deformation rates and the possibility of alternating periods of higher and lower tectonic deformation rates; this would increase the recurrence interval of surface rupturing earthquakes. Nevertheless, in historical times a few destructive earthquakes affected the island attesting for its seismic hazard. Regarding the structural data, two main fault systems, incompatible with a single stress field, were identified at Graciosa Island. Thus, it is proposed that the region is affected by two alternating stress fields. The stress field #1 corresponds to the regional stress regime proposed by several authors for the interplate shear zone that constitutes the Azorean segment of the Eurasia-Nubia plate boundary. It is suggested that the stress field #2 will act when the area under the influence of the regional stress field #1 narrows as a result of variations in the differential spreading rates north and south of Azores. The islands closer to the edge of the sheared region will temporarily come under the influence of a different (external) stress field (stress field #2). Such data support the concept that, in the Azores, the Eurasia-Nubia boundary corresponds to a complex and wide deformation zone, variable in time.</p>
Electromagnetic background noise at L’Aquila Geomagnetic Observatory
Authors: Lucia Santarelli  , Paolo Palangio  , Marcello De Lauretis  
Published: June 2021

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"> </p><p>In this paper we analyze the electromagnetic background noise at L’Aquila Geomagnetic Observatory during 2006 and 2007 in the frequency band 1-100 mHz. In this band a pronounced daily variation is observed both in the natural signals as well as in the artificial ones, giving rise to the problem of separating different contributions of very similar morphology. We analyzed periods when the local K index was approximately zero, in correspondence with minimum of the magnetospheric and ionospheric activity. We found that in our area the main source of artificial noise is constituted by the DC electrified railways.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 200%; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"><br /></span></p>
ACE-FTS version 3.0 data set: validation and data processing update
Authors: Claire Waymark  , Kaley Walker  , Chris D. Boone  , Peter F. Bernath  
Published: June 2021

On 12 August 2003, the Canadian-led Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) was launched into a 74° inclination orbit at 650 km with the mission objective to measure atmospheric composition using infrared and UV-visible spectroscopy (Bernath et al. 2005). The ACE mission consists of two main instruments, ACE-FTS and MAESTRO (McElroy et al. 2007), which are being used to investigate the chemistry and dynamics of the Earth’s atmosphere. Here, we focus on the high resolution (0.02 cm-1) infrared Fourier Transform Spectrometer, ACE-FTS, that measures in the 750-4400 cm-1 (2.2 to 13.3 µm) spectral region. This instrument has been making regular solar occultation observations for more than nine years. The current ACE-FTS data version (version 3.0) provides profiles of temperature and volume mixing ratios (VMRs) of more than 30 atmospheric trace gas species, as well as 20 subsidiary isotopologues of the most abundant trace atmospheric constituents over a latitude range of ~85°N to ~85°S. This letter describes the current data version and recent validation comparisons and provides a description of our planned updates for the ACE-FTS data set. [...]
Integration of historical, archaeoseismic and paleoseismological data for the reconstruction of the early seismic history in Messina Strait (south Italy): the 1st and 4th centuries AD earthquakes
Authors: Maria Serafina Barbano  , Viviana Castelli  , Daniela Pantosti  , Claudia Pirrotta  
Published: June 2021

<p>Historical accounts, archaeoseismic and paleoseismological evidence allowed us to reappraise two earthquakes affecting northeastern Sicily and southern Calabria in the 1st (probably between 14 and 37) and 4th (likely between 361 and 363) centuries AD, to obtain a better reconstruction of their effects and to reconsider their sources.The 1st century event damaged the area from Oppido (Calabria) to Tindari (Sicily), roughly that of the February 6, 1783 Calabria earthquake. The similitude of these earthquakes is further stressed by the fact that they generated tsunamis, as recorded by historical data and by the tsunami deposits found at Capo Peloro, the oldest dated 0-125 AD, the youngest linked to the 1783 event. These earthquakes could be related to the same Calabria seismic source: the Scilla fault. Northeastern Sicily and southern Calabria were also damaged by one or more earthquakes in the 4th century AD and several towns were rebuilt/restored at that time. The hit area roughly coincides with that of the Messina 1908 earthquake suggesting similar seismic sources for the events. However, because close in time, historical descriptions of the 4th century Sicilian earthquake were mixed with those of the 365 Crete earthquake that generated a basin-wide tsunami most likely reaching also the Sicilian coasts. Reevaluating location, size, damage area and tsunamigenic potential of these two earthquakes of the 1st and 4th centuries AD is relevant for reassessing the seismogenic and tsunamigenic potential of the faults around the Messina Strait and the seismic hazard of the affected areas.</p>
Relations between source parameters for large Persian earthquakes
Authors: Majid Nemati  , Mohammad Tatar  
Published: June 2021

<p>Empirical relationships for magnitude scales and fault parameters were produced using 436 Iranian intraplate earthquakes of recently regional databases since the continental events represent a large portion of total seismicity of Iran. The relations between different source parameters of the earthquakes were derived using input information which has usefully been provided from the databases after 1900. Suggested equations for magnitude scales relate the body-wave, surface-wave as well as local magnitude scales to scalar moment of the earthquakes. Also, dependence of source parameters as surface and subsurface rupture length and maximum surface displacement on the moment magnitude for some well documented earthquakes was investigated. For meeting this aim, ordinary linear regression procedures were employed for all relations. Our evaluations reveal a fair agreement between obtained relations and equations described in other worldwide and regional works in literature. The <em>M</em><span><em><sub>0</sub></em></span><em>-m</em><span><em><sub>b </sub></em></span>and<em> M</em><span><em><sub>0</sub></em></span><em>-M</em><span><em><sub>S</sub> </em></span>equations are correlated well to the worldwide relations. Also, both<em> M</em><span><em><sub>0</sub></em></span><em>-M</em><span><em><sub>S </sub></em></span>and<em> M</em><span><em><sub>0</sub></em></span><em>-M</em><span><em><sub>L </sub></em></span>relations have a good agreement with regional studies in Taiwan. The equations derived from this study mainly confirm the results of the global investigations about rupture length of historical and instrumental events. However, some relations like<em> M</em><span><em><sub>W</sub></em></span><em>-M</em><span><em><sub>N</sub> </em></span>and<em> M</em><span><em><sub>N</sub></em></span><em>-M</em><span><em><sub>L</sub> </em></span>which are remarkably unlike to available regional works (e.g., American and Canadian) were also found.</p>
On the inclusion of data from solar cycle 19 to estimate F2 layer characteristic long term trends
Authors: Blas F. de Haro Barbas  , Ana G. Elias  
Published: June 2021

<p>The effect of including solar cycle 19 (1954-1964) in ionospheric trend estimation is assessed using experimental foF2 values. The dominant influence on the F2 layer is solar EUV radiation. In fact, around 90% of inter-annual variance of ionospheric parameters, such as foF2, is explained by solar EUV proxies such as the sunspot number, Rz, and solar radio flux at 10.7 cm, F10.7. This makes necessary to filter out solar activity effects prior to long term trends estimation, which is reduced at most to the remaining 10% variance. In general solar activity is filtered assessing the residuals of a linear regression between foF2 and Rz, or between foF2 and F10.7. Solar cycle 19 is a strong cycle during which Rz and F10.7 exceeded the values beyond which the ionosphere does not respond linearly to a further increase in EUV radiation. This effect, called saturation, implies a break down of the linearity between foF2 and EUV, and results in persistent negative residuals during this period. Since solar cycle 19 is at the beginning of the time series, trends result to be positive, or less negative, than trends without considering this period. In this case the filtering process is generating a “spurious” trend in the filtered data series which may lead to erroneous conclusions. hmF2 that do not present a saturation effect is also analyzed.</p><div> </div>
Profiles of relative permittivity and electrical conductivity from unsaturated soil water content models
Authors: Roberta Porretta  , Fabio Bianchi  
Published: June 2021

<p>A mathematical model of water diffusion in the vadose zone has been implemented for different types of soil textures in order to determine the soil water content (SWC) profiles in dependence of depth and time. From these profiles, obtained for different soils, we derived the characteristic electrical parameters, such as relative permittivity (<span class="gt-card-ttl-txt">epsilon</span><span><sub>r</sub></span>) and electrical conductivity (<span>sigma</span>), and their variation in time, employing empirical relations available in the scientific literature. The simulation through mathematical models has been performed taking into account different types of soils characterized by the percentage composition of sand, clay and silt in the textural triangle, which provides some physical and chemical properties that affect the water retention in the soil. The resulting simulated profiles of SWC and consequently permittivity and conductivity profiles, span over a certain range of values suggesting the best techniques and the limits in geophysical investigation. Moreover this a-prior knowledge helps in the elaboration and interpretation of permittivity and conductivity data obtained by the measurements. Permittivity and conductivity profiles are particularly useful in some environmental applications when the soil textures are (or supposed to be) known as in the typical case of landfill leachate dispersion. Since the soil textures beneath or nearby a disposal waste are characterized by a SWC, the values of (<span class="gt-card-ttl-txt">epsilon</span><sub>r</sub>) and (sigma) at various depth can be directly inferred.</p>
The INGV real time strong motion data sharing during the 2016 Amatrice (central Italy) seismic sequence
Authors: Marco Massa  , Ezio D'Alema  , Chiara Mascandola  , Sara Lovati  , Davide Scafidi  , Gianlorenzo Franceschina  , Antonio Gomez  , Simona Carannante  , Davide Piccaredda  , Santi Mirenna  , Paolo Augliera  
Published: June 2021

<p><em>ISMD is the real time INGV Strong Motion database. During the recent August-September 2016 Amatrice, Mw 6.0, seismic sequence, ISMD represented the main tool for the INGV real time strong motion data sharing. Starting from August 24<sup>th</sup>, the main task of the web portal was to archive, process and distribute the strong-motion waveforms recorded by the permanent and temporary INGV accelerometric stations, in the case of earthquakes with magnitude </em><em>≥</em><em> 3.0, occurring in the Amatrice area and surroundings. At present (i.e. September 30<sup>th</sup>, 2016), ISMD provides more than 21.000 strong motion waveforms freely available to all users. In particular, about 2.200 strong motion waveforms were recorded by the temporary network installed for emergency in the epicentral area by SISMIKO and EMERSITO working groups. Moreover, for each permanent and temporary recording site, the web portal provide a complete description of the necessary information to properly use the strong motion data.</em></p>
Adaptive control systems for solar collectors
Authors: Flor Unda Omar 
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo se presentan las estrategias de control del flujo de aceite mediante la técnica de Control Predictivo basado en Modelo, para el mecanismo de control del campo de colectores solares cilindros parabólicos. Se analiza el comportamiento dinámico del sistema con el uso del modelo matemático, una técnicade control self-tunning y controlador predictivo basado en modelo para el control de plantas tipo ACUREX.
Keywords: Automation, Modernization, ControlLogix, Supervisory System, Mimic Panel.
References
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