bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Membrane-Associated Progesterone Receptor Component-2 (MAPRC2) from Trichinella spiralis and Its Interaction with Progesterone and Mifepristone
Authors: Aleem Muhammad Tahir , Shi Jiawen , Yu Zhengqing , Wen Zhaohai , Zhang Yang , Liang Meng , Lakho Shakeel Ahmed , Haseeb Muhammad , Ali Haider , Hassan Muhammad Waqas , Song Xiaokai , Li Xiangrui , Xu Lixin , Yan Ruofeng 
Published: August 2021

Trichinellosis is a foodborne zoonotic disease caused by Trichinella spp., including Trichinella spiralis. In the present study, T. spiralis membrane-associated progesterone receptor component-2 (Ts-MAPRC2) gene was cloned and characterized using protein sequencing analysis. Furthermore, the expression, purification, immunoblot assay, binding ability with progesterone antibody, and immunofluorescence assay were performed. A direct effect of progesterone (P4) and mifepristone (RU486) on the Ts-MAPRC2 gene was determined using in vitro cell culture that showed different expression levels at all developmental stages (muscle larvae (ML), female adult worm (F-AL), male adult worm (M-AL), and newborn larvae (NBL)). Subsequently, the in vitro phenotypic effects of P4, RU486, and rTs-MAPRC2-Ab on F-AL and ML stages were measured. Later, the in vivo phenotypic effect and relative mRNA expression of mifepristone on the F-AL stage were studied. Our results revealed that the Ts-MAPRC2 gene is critical to maintaining pregnancy in the female adult worm (F-AL) of T. spiralis. The 300 ng/mL of P4 and 100 ng/mL of RU486 showed downregulation of the Ts-MAPRC2 gene in F-AL (p ≤ 0.05). This plays an important role in abortion and possibly decreases the worm burden of T. spiralis in the host. Only 30 ng/mL P4 showed significant upregulation in F-AL (p ≤ 0.05). The current study provides new insights regarding the antihormone (P4 and RU486) drug design and vaccine therapy of recombinant (rTs-MAPRC2) protein as well as their combined effects to control T. spiralis infection.
Possible risk of fetal development of autism in pregnant women infected by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Oliveira Sayd Douglas Rolim Carneiro , Honório Júnior José Eduardo Ribeiro , Aragao Gislei 
Published: August 2021

Introduction. In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the emergence of a global pandemic, COVID-19. A disease triggered by the new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2). More recent findings indicate that the gestational period makes the mother and her offspring more susceptible to the new coronavirus and the rapid progression to the critical stage of the disease. The maternal organism presents a certain degree of immunological and cardiorespiratory deficiency due to physiological adaptations to the gestational period and, consequently, if affected by prenatal infections caused by viruses, they lead to an exacerbated Maternal Immune Activation (MIA), thus contributing to alterations in maternal-fetal neurogenesis, fetal myelinization, and is directly involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring, especially autism. Objective. This study hypothesizes that maternal COVID-19 infections during pregnancy are a potential risk for the offspring to develop Autism Spectrum Disorder. Conclusion. The exposure to viral infectious agents during the gestational period leads to exacerbated maternal immune activation. It contributes to alterations in maternal-fetal neurogenesis and is directly involved in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders, being correlated to the predisposition to affective and psychiatric disorders in the offspring. Therefore, greater attention should be given to the offspring of pregnant women infected by COVID-19, since prenatal infectious processes have a strong correlation with the prevalence of Autistic Spectrum Disorder in the offspring.
KEHENDAK TUHAN DALAM MANIFESTASI ‘AZAB PERSPEKTIF AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Fadil Marjan , Putra Pristian Hadi 
Published: August 2021

Tuhan memiliki kehendak mutlak dalam menghidupkan, mengatur, menjaga, memelihara hingga mematikan umat manusia. Salah satu kehendak Tuhan terbukti dalam bentuk ‘Azab yang bisa menimpa siapapun yang ia kehendaki. Jika Tuhan telah berkehendak, maka tidak ada apapun atau seorangpun yang mampu mencegahnya. Manifestasi kehendak Tuhan ini digambarkan dalam dalil-dalil Al-Qur’an sebagai bentuk kemaha kuasaan-Nya. Oleh sebab itu perlu diketahui bentuk, tujuan serta sasaran ‘Azab yang dimaksud dari Tuhan agar manusia mampu menjalani perintah dan menjauhi larangan-Nya. Kata ‘Azab sendiri terulang di dalam Al-Qur’an 329 kali yang mengacu pada tindakan pengusiran, ketakutan di dalam hati, hukuman dunia serta bencana alam. Penelitian ini menganalisis tindakan dalam kehendak Tuhan yang termanifestasi dalam tema ‘Azab yang terdapat di dalam Al-Qur’an dengan metode tematik.
Kata Kunci: Kehendak Tuhan, ‘Azab, Al-Qur’an
Le champ des possibles face au changement climatique (Colloque de l'Académie des sciences)
Authors: Planton Serge , Le Treut Hervé 
Published: August 2021

Le colloque qui s'est tenu à l'Académie des sciences en janvier 2020 « Face au changement climatique, le champ des possibles » a permis de faire un tour d'horizon de solutions à mettre en oeuvre pour faire face au défi du changement climatique sous l'éclairage de la recherche scientifique. Nous revenons ici sur l'une des sessions de ce colloque au cours de laquelle un débat a été ouvert entre les intervenants et une vingtaine de jeunes étudiants, post-doctorants ou jeunes actifs invités à cette occasion. Ces échanges ont permis de revenir sur les questions du rôle social et politique des scientifiques, sur la place des sciences humaines sur les thèmes du colloque, sur les solutions à mettre en oeuvre dans le domaine social et l'interrogation sur certaines solutions technologiques, ainsi que sur les questions d'éducation et de formation.
The colloquium held at the Académie des sciences in January 2020 'Face au changement climatique, le champ des possibles' provided an overview of the solutions to be implemented to address the challenge of climate change in the light of scientific research. We return here to one of the sessions of this colloquium during which a debate was opened between the speakers and some twenty young students, post-doctorates, or young professionals invited on this occasion. These exchanges made it possible to return to the questions of the social and political role of scientists, to the place of the human sciences on the topics of the colloquium, to the solutions to be implemented in the social field and to the questioning on certain technological solutions, as well as on education and training issues.
ASASSN-14ms: The Most Energetic Known Explosion of a Type Ibn Supernova and Its Physical Origin
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Lin Weili , Zhang Jujia , Zhang Tianmeng , Cai Yongzhi , Zhang Kaicheng , Filippenko Alexei V. , Graham Melissa , Maeda Keiichi , Mo Jun , Xiang Danfeng , Xi Gaobo , Yan Shengyu , Wang Lifan , Wang Lingjun , Kawabata Koji , Zhai Qian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
ASASSN-14ms may represent the most luminous Type Ibn supernova (SN Ibn) ever detected, with an absolute U-band magnitude brighter than −22.0 mag and a total bolometric luminosity >1.0 × 1044 erg s−1 near maximum light. The early-time spectra of this SN are characterized by a blue continuum on which are superimposed narrow P Cygni profile lines of He i, suggesting the presence of slowly moving (∼1000 km s−1), He-rich circumstellar material (CSM). At 1–2 months after maximum brightness, the He i line profiles become only slightly broader, with blueshifted velocities of 2000–3000 km s−1, consistent with the CSM shell being continuously accelerated by the SN light and ejecta. Like most SNe Ibn, the light curves of ASASSN-14ms show rapid post-peak evolution, dropping by ∼7 mag in the V band over three months. Such a rapid post-peak decline and high luminosity can be explained by interaction between SN ejecta and helium-rich CSM of 0.9 M
⊙ at a distance of ∼1015 cm. The CSM around ASASSN-14ms is estimated to originate from a pre-explosion event with a mass-loss rate of 6.7 M
⊙ yr−1 (assuming a velocity of ∼1000 km s−1), which is consistent with abundant He-rich material violently ejected during the late Wolf–Rayet (WN9-11 or Opfe) stage. After examining the light curves for a sample of SNe Ibn, we find that the more luminous ones tend to have slower post-peak decline rates, reflecting that the observed differences may arise primarily from discrepancies in the CSM distribution around the massive progenitors.
A Short Mean Free Path at z = 6 Favors Late and Rapid Reionization by Faint Galaxies
Authors: Cain Christopher , D’Aloisio Anson , Gangolli Nakul , Becker George D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Recent measurements of the ionizing photon mean free path (

λ

912

mfp

) at 5 < z < 6 suggest that the IGM was rapidly evolving at those times. We use radiative transfer simulations to explore the implications for reionization, with a focus on the short value of

λ

912

mfp

=

3.57

−
2.14

+
3.09

cMpc h
−1 at z = 6. We introduce a model for subresolution ionizing photon sinks based on radiative hydrodynamics simulations of small-scale IGM clumping. We argue that the rapid evolution in

λ

912

mfp

at z = 5 − 6, together with constraints on the metagalactic ionizing background, favors a late reionization process in which the neutral fraction evolved rapidly in the latter half. We also argue that the short

λ

912

mfp

(
z
=
6
)

points to faint galaxies as the primary drivers of reionizaton. Our preferred model, with

λ

912

mfp

(
z
=
6
)
=
6.5

Mpc h
−1, has a midpoint of z = 7.1 and ends at z = 5.1. It requires three ionizing photons per H atom to complete reionization and a LyC photon production efficiency of

log
(

f

esc

eff

ξ

ion

/

[

erg

−
1

Hz
]
)
=
24.8

at z > 6. Recovering

λ

912

mfp

(
z
=
6
)

as low as the measured central value may require an increase in IGM clumpiness beyond predictions from simulations, with a commensurate increase in the photon budget.
The Orbit and Density of the Jupiter Trojan Satellite System Eurybates–Queta
Authors: Brown Michael E. , Levison Harold F. , Noll Keith S. , Binzel Richard , Buie Marc W. , Grundy Will , Marchi Simone , Olkin Catherine B. , Spencer John , Statler Thomas S. , Weaver Harold 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report observations of the Jupiter Trojan asteroid (3548) Eurybates and its satellite Queta with the Hubble Space Telescope and use these observations to perform an orbital fit to the system. Queta orbits Eurybates with a semimajor axis of 2350 ± 11 km at a period of 82.46 ± 0.06 days and an eccentricity of 0.125 ± 0.009. From this orbit we derive a mass of Eurybates of 1.51 ± 0.03 × 1017 kg, corresponding to an estimated density of 1.1 ± 0.3 g cm−3, broadly consistent with densities measured for other Trojans, C-type asteroids in the outer main asteroid belt, and small icy objects from the Kuiper Belt. Eurybates is the parent body of the only major collisional family among the Jupiter Trojans; its low density suggests that it is a typical member of the Trojan population. Detailed study of this system in 2027 with the Lucy spacecraft flyby should allow significant insight into collisional processes among what appear to be the icy bodies of the Trojan belt.
The Effect of Soy Milk on Mounting Latency, Mounting Frequency, and Reproductive Development in Male Wistar Rats (Rattus Norvegicus)
Authors: Nurdiana Nurdiana , Chania Pradnyawati , Nurvitasari Rifzi , Nisa Azmiatun , Diana Styan Wahyu , Rochmah Evalina Izzatur , Mayangsari Elly , Rahardjo Bambang , Indrawan Wayan , Khotimah Husnul , Mintaroem Karyono , Irnandi Dicky Faizal 
Published: August 2021

AIM: This research aims to examine the effects of soy milk on mounting latency (ML), mounting frequency (MF), estrogen levels, androgen-binding protein (ABP) expression, and spermatogenesis in male rats (Rattus norvegicus). METHODS: Twenty-four male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) aged 4 weeks were divided into four groups. Control group (given a normal diet), P1; P2; P3 (given the normal diet and soy milk powder at doses of 7.1; 14.2; 21.3 g/KgBW/day, respectively) for 6 weeks. Observation of ML and MF were performed at 9 weeks 5 days of age, and rat surgery was performed at 10 weeks of age. Analysis of estrogen hormone levels was conducted by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), ABP staining was using immunohistochemistry method, testicular spermatogenesis was observed using histopathological methods, and observation of spermatozoa was performed under the microscope. RESULTS: The results showed no significant reduction of ML and MF, estrogen levels, and ABP expression (p ≤ 0.256; 0.865; 0.959, respectively) in male rat, but there was a significant decrease in the number, morphology, motility of spermatozoa, and testicular histophatology, (p ≤ 0.000, 0.003, 0.008, 0.000, respectively). CONCLUSION: The administrassion of soy milk in various doses (7.1;14.2;21.3 g/KgBW/day) in male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) had showed significantly difference on histopathological evaluation using Johnson’s scoring system, sperm quantity and quality, while on mounting latency and frequency, estrogen levels, and ABP expressions did not show significantly difference between groups. That describe of isoflavone in soy milk can affect several aspects related to male endocrine and reproductive development.
Économie des honneurs techniques et production de la qualité sous la Troisième République
Authors: Lembré Stéphane 
Published: August 2021

Face au déclin réel ou présumé des industries d’art françaises, la Société d’encouragement à l’art et à l’industrie est fondée à la suite de l’Exposition universelle de 1889, à Paris. Sous l’impulsion des principaux responsables de l’éphémère ministère des Arts du gouvernement Gambetta, elle s’engage dans la promotion de la formation technique, dont la nécessité est reconnue : la mise en place d’un concours de composition décorative et de bourses d’apprentissage, puis la participation active aux expositions d’art industriel dans les années 1920, constituent ses principaux moyens d’action. Ils témoignent d’une pédagogie de la qualité. En encourageant, en récompensant et en participant à la définition de la qualité, la Société contribue à la définition d’une économie des honneurs de type méritocratique et assigne à la formation technique une fonction essentielle pour en conforter la légitimité.
Appréhender les outils simples en contexte préhistorique
Authors: A. de Beaune Sophie 
Published: August 2021

L’auteur discute ici de la notion d’« outil simple » en contexte préhistorique : outils sans aménagement, utilisés bruts, ou bien outils « expédients », n’ayant servi que brièvement pour répondre à un besoin immédiat. Ces outils simples, qui ne sont pas nécessairement anciens, peuvent pourtant faire partie intégrante d’une chaîne opératoire complexe. L’auteur pose d’autres questions à leur sujet : sont-ils propres à l’homme ? Comment peut-on les reconnaître en contexte archéologique ? Leurs utilisateurs ont-ils un statut particulier ?
Pour l’art et pour la technique. Former à la céramique (France, 1840-1940)
Authors: Le Bot Florent 
Published: August 2021

L’évolution de la formation aux métiers de la céramique, de 1840 à 1940, accompagne l’industrialisation et l’extension des débouchés, la nationalisation de l’enseignement technique, le développement de réseaux d’institutions par les acteurs publics et privés. Ces dynamiques sont observées depuis Limoges, avec son école de beaux-arts appliqués à l’industrie, depuis l’ENP de Vierzon et sa section céramique, et, enfin, à travers la création de l’Institut de la céramique française, en relation avec la manufacture nationale de céramique de Sèvres.
Des outils simples en émeri dans le monde égéen
Authors: Boleti Athina 
Published: August 2021

Cet article se propose de contribuer à la discussion concernant la notion de « simplicité » des outils à travers une étude diachronique des outils en émeri dans le monde égéen. Des données ethnoarchéologiques, littéraires et géologiques mettent en évidence le caractère complexe des processus liés à ces outils qui peuvent être qualifiés de simples et viennent ainsi soutenir la thèse que l’absence de technicité au niveau de la mise en forme n’est pas nécessairement équivalente d’une simplicité au niveau de la conception, la matérialisation et l’utilisation de ces outils.
Lung ultrasound: a narrative review and proposed protocol for patients admitted to Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit
Authors: Bertolone Dario Tino , De Colle Cristina , Rozza Francesco , Fucile Ilaria , Santoro Ciro , Conte Maurizio , De Luca Nicola , Mancusi Costantino 
Published: August 2021

Lung ultrasonography (LUS) has become in the last 10 years a technique that has reduced the need of second level diagnostic methods such as chest X-ray (CXR) and computerize tomography (CT) for the diagnostic imaging of lung and pleural space, throughout its diagnostic accuracy, radiation free, low cost, real time and bedside approach. The common use of LUS has been recently extend to cardiac and pulmonary disease even in context of Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit and it could be an additional tool for physiotherapist for the management of patients during Rehabilitation course. The authors performed a literature review in PubMed and suggested a new standardize protocol for LUS, based on guidelines and expert consensus document, for patients admitted to Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit. In this protocol, LUS should be performed in six scan each hemithorax, covering twelve imagine regions. For each scan will be noted a specific physiologic or pathological patterns. Furthermore, we suggest for each patient, the use of the Lung Ultrasound Score (LUS score) to obtain a global view of lung aeration and to monitor any changes during the hospitalization. An increase in score range indicates a more severe condition. This Lung Ultrasonography Protocol should be performed in all patients at the time of admission to Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit to monitoring the aeration of the lungs and the possible lung and/or pleura complications after a cardiac disease avoiding the use of second level surveys.
Learning approaches adopted by Indian medical students during distance learning
Authors: Bhuria Mukul , Mangalesh Sridhar , Dudani Sharmila , Malik Ajay 
Published: August 2021

CONTEXT:
Student approaches to learning are a significant determinant of success in the medical profession.

AIM:
This study assesses the study processes utilized by undergraduates in a medical college in North India.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN:
Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study.

METHODOLOGY:
The study process questionnaire by Biggs et al. was adapted to Google forms and administered to 313 medical students. Individual domain scores assessing deep-motive, deep-strategy, surface-motive, and surface-strategy approaches were obtained. Other variables measured included gender, year of training, whether the student found online distance learning useful, and students' perceptions of their academic performance compared to their peers.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:
The association between the categorical variables was assessed using a Chi-square test. The continuous measures were compared using a t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test was applied for multiple groups.

RESULTS:
Deep approach to learning was the most popular overall (66.1%). Females significantly favored deep approaches compared to males. There was no association between the year of training and the study process. The deep approach was associated with better academic performance. Online learning was significantly favored by females, students with a deep learning approach, and better academic performance.

CONCLUSIONS:
Gender and academic performance are associated with the study process adopted by medical students. An understanding of the learning methods used by students is helpful in training well-rounded health-care professionals.
Red blood cell distribution width - A novel marker of inflammation and predictor of complications and outcomes among surgically managed patients
Authors: Khedar Mukesh , Sharma Dharamanjai Kumar , Ola Vijay 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is considered a marker of chronic inflammation and a predictor of poor outcome in seriously ill patients. This study is aimed to recognize RDW as a marker of inflammatory pathology and as a predictor of various postoperative complications and outcomes in terms of mortality.

Materials and Methods:
This was a retrospective study of all surgical patients retrieved from our prospectively collected database. RDW was studied as a marker of inflammatory pathology and as a predictor of various postoperative complications and outcomes in terms of mortality.

Results:
We analyzed 146 (99 males and 47 females) patients who were managed surgically for their presenting diseases. The mean age of presentation was 42.7 + 17.9 years. RDW was considered high when it was above 16%. RDW was observed to be high in 57 of 146 patients (39%). A significant correlation was found between elevated RDW and underlying inflammatory pathology (P < 0.001), development of postoperative complications (P < 0.001), and 30-days mortality (P = 0.0023, Negative Predictive Value = 93.3%). High RDW and preexisting inflammatory pathology were found in strong association with postoperative complications.

Conclusion:
RDW was analyzed as a marker of inflammation and for its predictive accuracy of postoperative complications and mortality. We found statistically significant correlation between elevated RDW (>16%) and postoperative complications and 30-day mortality. Strong correlation was also found between increased RDW and existing inflammatory pathology. RDW could be a useful indicator of chronic health state and practical addition to existing risk stratification strategy and decision-making process.
Clinical outcome and multifidus muscle changes of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion
Authors: Chen Kuan-Yu , Tseng Kuan-Yin , Hueng Dueng-Yuan , Chang Ti-Sheng , Pang Cheng-Yoong 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) has shown to have smaller skin incision, decreased muscular dissection, and less retraction of the thecal sac, compared to conventional open approach. However, its effects on long term functional outcome and degenerative changes of paraspinal muscles are still obscure.

Materials and Methods:
We studied 81 patients treated by one team of surgeons at a single institution. In the two level spinal fusion, 18 patients underwent conventional TLIF (C TLIF) and 20 patients underwent MIS TLIF. In three level spinal fusion, 23 patients were treated with C TLIF and 20 patients were treated with MIS TLIF. Clinical outcomes included mean operative times, volume of blood loss, percentage of early ambulation, visual analog scale (VAS), and oswestry disability index (ODI) were analyzed. The change of multifidus muscle was calculated from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) taken before and 6-month after the operation.

Results:
Lesser blood loss was noted in the MIS TLIF group compared to the conventional group in two- or three-level circumferential spinal fusion. Early ambulation (within 3 days after operation) was found in the MIS TLIF groups. Analysis of VAS scores at leg area showed no significant differences in improvement between each group at 18 month follow up. The postoperative ODI score was significantly less in the MIS TLIF groups than in the C TLIF groups after 6 month follow up. In three segment spinal fusion, MIS TLIF minimized multifidus muscle atrophy, when compared with C TLIF.

Conclusion:
MIS TLIF in three level lumbar fusion not only has a better functional recovery but also ameliorates the degenerative change of multifidus muscle.