bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual Orientation and Suicide Attempt Disparities Among US Adolescents: 2009–2017
Authors: Raifman Julia , Charlton Brittany M. , Arrington-Sanders Renata , Chan Philip A. , Rusley Jack , Mayer Kenneth H. , Stein Michael D. , Austin S. Bryn , McConnell Margaret 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND
Sexual minority adolescents face mental health disparities relative to heterosexual adolescents. We evaluated temporal changes in US adolescent reported sexual orientation and suicide attempts by sexual orientation.

METHODS
We used Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance data from 6 states that collected data on sexual orientation identity and 4 states that collected data on sex of sexual contacts continuously between 2009 and 2017. We estimated odds ratios using logistic regression models to evaluate changes in reported sexual orientation identity, sex of consensual sexual contacts, and suicide attempts over time and calculated marginal effects (MEs).

RESULTS
The proportion of adolescents reporting minority sexual orientation identity nearly doubled, from 7.3% in 2009 to 14.3% in 2017 (ME: 0.8 percentage points [pp] per year; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6 to 0.9 pp). The proportion of adolescents reporting any same-sex sexual contact increased by 70%, from 7.7% in 2009 to 13.1% in 2017 (ME: 0.6 pp per year; 95% CI: 0.4 to 0.8 pp). Although suicide attempts declined among students identifying as sexual minorities (ME: –0.8 pp per year; 95% CI: –1.4 to –0.2 pp), these students remained &gt;3 times more likely to attempt suicide relative to heterosexual students in 2017. Sexual minority adolescents accounted for an increasing proportion of all adolescent suicide attempts.

CONCLUSIONS
The proportion of adolescents reporting sexual minority identity and same-sex sexual contacts increased between 2009 and 2017. Disparities in suicide attempts persist. Developing and implementing approaches to reducing sexual minority youth suicide is critically important.
Teen Pregnancy Risk Factors Among Young Women of Diverse Sexual Orientations
Authors: Charlton Brittany M. , Roberts Andrea L. , Rosario Margaret , Katz-Wise Sabra L. , Calzo Jerel P. , Spiegelman Donna , Austin S. Bryn 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES
Young women who are sexual minorities (eg, bisexual and lesbian) are approximately twice as likely as those who are heterosexual to have a teen pregnancy. Therefore, we hypothesized that risk factors for teen pregnancy would vary across sexual orientation groups and that other potential risk factors exist that are unique to sexual minorities.

METHODS
We used multivariable log-binomial models gathered from 7120 young women in the longitudinal cohort known as the Growing Up Today Study to examine the following potential teen pregnancy risk factors: childhood maltreatment, bullying victimization and perpetration, and gender nonconformity. Among sexual minorities, we also examined the following: sexual minority developmental milestones, sexual orientation–related stress, sexual minority outness, and lesbian, gay, and bisexual social activity involvement.

RESULTS
Childhood maltreatment and bullying were significant teen pregnancy risk factors among all participants. After adjusting for childhood maltreatment and bullying, the sexual orientation–related teen pregnancy disparities were attenuated; these risk factors explained 45% of the disparity. Among sexual minorities, reaching sexual minority developmental milestones earlier was also associated with an increased teen pregnancy risk.

CONCLUSIONS
The higher teen pregnancy prevalence among sexual minorities compared with heterosexuals in this cohort was partially explained by childhood maltreatment and bullying, which may, in part, stem from sexual orientation–related discrimination. Teen pregnancy prevention efforts that are focused on risk factors more common among young women who are sexual minorities (eg, childhood maltreatment, bullying) can help to reduce the existing sexual orientation–related teen pregnancy disparity.
Transgender Adolescent Suicide Behavior
Authors: Toomey Russell B. , Syvertsen Amy K. , Shramko Maura 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES
Our primary objective was to examine prevalence rates of suicide behavior across 6 gender identity groups: female; male; transgender, male to female; transgender, female to male; transgender, not exclusively male or female; and questioning. Our secondary objective was to examine variability in the associations between key sociodemographic characteristics and suicide behavior across gender identity groups.

METHODS
Data from the Profiles of Student Life: Attitudes and Behaviors survey (N = 120 617 adolescents; ages 11–19 years) were used to achieve our objectives. Data were collected over a 36-month period: June 2012 to May 2015. A dichotomized self-reported lifetime suicide attempts (never versus ever) measure was used. Prevalence statistics were compared across gender identity groups, as were the associations between sociodemographic characteristics (ie, age, parents’ highest level of education, urbanicity, sexual orientation, and race and/or ethnicity) and suicide behavior.

RESULTS
Nearly 14% of adolescents reported a previous suicide attempt; disparities by gender identity in suicide attempts were found. Female to male adolescents reported the highest rate of attempted suicide (50.8%), followed by adolescents who identified as not exclusively male or female (41.8%), male to female adolescents (29.9%), questioning adolescents (27.9%), female adolescents (17.6%), and male adolescents (9.8%). Identifying as nonheterosexual exacerbated the risk for all adolescents except for those who did not exclusively identify as male or female (ie, nonbinary). For transgender adolescents, no other sociodemographic characteristic was associated with suicide attempts.

CONCLUSIONS
Suicide prevention efforts can be enhanced by attending to variability within transgender populations, particularly the heightened risk for female to male and nonbinary transgender adolescents.
Body Dissatisfaction and Mental Health Outcomes of Youth on Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy
Authors: Kuper Laura E. , Stewart Sunita , Preston Stephanie , Lau May , Lopez Ximena 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES
Our first aim was to examine baseline differences in body dissatisfaction, depression, and anxiety symptoms by gender, age, and Tanner (ie, pubertal) stage. Our second aim was to test for changes in youth symptoms over the first year of receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy. Our third aim was to examine potential differences in change over time by demographic and treatment characteristics. Youth experiences of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) are also reported.

METHODS
Participants (n = 148; ages 9–18 years; mean age 14.9 years) were receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy at a multidisciplinary program in Dallas, Texas (n = 25 puberty suppression only; n = 123 feminizing or masculinizing hormone therapy). Participants completed surveys assessing body dissatisfaction (Body Image Scale), depression (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms), and anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders) at initial presentation to the clinic and at follow-up. Clinicians completed the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms and collected information on youth experiences of suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, and NSSI.

RESULTS
Affirmed males reported greater depression and anxiety at baseline, but these differences were small (P &lt; .01). Youth reported large improvements in body dissatisfaction (P &lt; .001), small to moderate improvements in self-report of depressive symptoms (P &lt; .001), and small improvements in total anxiety symptoms (P &lt; .01). No demographic or treatment-related characteristics were associated with change over time. Lifetime and follow-up rates were 81% and 39% for suicidal ideation, 16% and 4% for suicide attempt, and 52% and 18% for NSSI, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Results provide further evidence of the critical role of gender-affirming hormone therapy in reducing body dissatisfaction. Modest initial improvements in mental health were also evident.
Hormonal Treatment and Cardiovascular Risk Profile in Transgender Adolescents
Authors: Klaver Maartje , de Mutsert Renée , van der Loos Maria A.T.C. , Wiepjes Chantal M. , Twisk Jos W.R. , den Heijer Martin , Rotteveel Joost , Klink Daniel T. 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The effects of endocrinological treatment on cardiovascular risk profile in transgender adolescents are unknown. In this retrospective cohort study, we aim to investigate these effects and assess obesity and dyslipidemia prevalence in transgender adolescents at 22 years compared with peers.

METHODS
Changes in BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glucose, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid values during treatment, along with the prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia at 22 years, were recorded in 71 transwomen and 121 transmen who started gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists in their adolescence (15 years), with a subsequent addition of sex hormones (17 years).

RESULTS
In transwomen, changes in BMI (+3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.6 to 4.4), SBP (–2 mmHg; 95% CI –7 to 3), DBP (+10 mmHg; 95% CI 7 to 14), glucose (0.0 mmol/L; 95% CI –0.2 to 0.2), HOMA-IR (+0.6; 95% CI –0.6 to 1.9), and lipid values were similar or more favorable compared with peers. The same was true for transmen regarding changes in BMI (+2.3; 95% CI 1.7 to 2.9), SBP (+7 mmHg; 95% CI 3 to 10), DBP (+7 mmHg; 95% CI 5 to 10), glucose (+0.1 mmol/L; 95% CI –0.1 to 0.3), HOMA-IR (–0.2; 95% CI –0.8 to 0.3), and lipid values. At age 22, obesity prevalence was 9.9% in transwomen, 6.6% in transmen, 2.2% in ciswomen, and 3.0% in cismen.

CONCLUSIONS
Generally, endocrinological treatment in transgender adolescents is safe regarding cardiovascular risk. Because obesity is more prevalent in transgender adolescents compared with peers, body weight management should be important during the medical trajectory.
Mental Health and Timing of Gender-Affirming Care
Authors: Sorbara Julia C. , Chiniara Lyne N. , Thompson Shelby , Palmert Mark R. 
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND
Gender-incongruent (GI) youth have high rates of mental health problems. Although gender-affirming medical care (GAMC) provides psychological benefit, some GI youth present to care at older ages. Whether a relationship exists between age of presentation to GAMC and mental health difficulties warrants study.

METHODS
A cross-sectional chart review of patients presenting to GAMC. Subjects were classified a priori as younger presenting youth (YPY) (&lt;15 years of age at presentation) or older presenting youth (OPY) (≥15 years of age). Self-reported rates of mental health problems and medication use were compared between groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify determinants of mental health problems. Covariates included pubertal stage at presentation, social transition status, and assigned sex.

RESULTS
Of 300 youth, there were 116 YPY and 184 OPY. After presentation, more OPY than YPY reported a diagnosis of depression (46% vs 30%), had self-harmed (40% vs 28%), had considered suicide (52% vs 40%), had attempted suicide (17% vs 9%), and required psychoactive medications (36% vs 23%), with all P &lt; .05. After controlling for covariates, late puberty (Tanner stage 4 or 5) was associated with depressive disorders (odds ratio 5.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–26.32) and anxiety disorders (odds ratio 4.18 [95% CI: 1.22–14.49]), whereas older age remained associated only with psychoactive medication use (odd ratio 1.31 [95% CI: 1.05–1.63]).

CONCLUSIONS
Late pubertal stage and older age are associated with worse mental health among GI youth presenting to GAMC, suggesting that this group may be particularly vulnerable and in need of appropriate care.
The Childhood Vaccination Schedule and the Lack of Association With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Glanz Jason M. , Clarke Christina L. , Daley Matthew F. , Shoup Jo Ann , Hambidge Simon J. , Williams Joshua T.B. , Groom Holly C. , Kharbanda Elyse O. , Klein Nicola P. , Jackson Lisa A. , Lewin Bruno J. , McClure David L. , Xu Stanley , DeStefano Frank 
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES
Safety studies assessing the association between the entire recommended childhood immunization schedule and autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), are lacking. To examine the association between the recommended immunization schedule and T1DM, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of children born between 2004 and 2014 in 8 US health care organizations that participate in the Vaccine Safety Datalink.

METHODS
Three measures of the immunization schedule were assessed: average days undervaccinated (ADU), cumulative antigen exposure, and cumulative aluminum exposure. T1DM incidence was identified by International Classification of Disease codes. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze associations between the 3 exposure measures and T1DM incidence. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Models were adjusted for sex, race and ethnicity, birth year, mother’s age, birth weight, gestational age, number of well-child visits, and study site.

RESULTS
In a cohort of 584 171 children, the mean ADU was 38 days, the mean cumulative antigen exposure was 263 antigens (SD = 54), and the mean cumulative aluminum exposure was 4.11 mg (SD = 0.73). There were 1132 incident cases of T1DM. ADU (aHR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.99–1.02) and cumulative antigen exposure (aHR = 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–1.00) were not associated with T1DM. Cumulative aluminum exposure &gt;3.00 mg was inversely associated with T1DM (aHR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.60–0.99).

CONCLUSIONS
The recommended schedule is not positively associated with the incidence of T1DM in children. These results support the safety of the recommended childhood immunization schedule.
Systematic treatment of morphological fruit types in plants of the class Liliopsida of the flora of Ukraine
Authors: Odintsova A. V. , Fishchuk O. S. , Scrypec K. I. , Danylyk I. M. 
Published: November 2021

In this review, the scope of morphological diversity of fruits within the class Liliopsida belonging to the flora of Ukraine compared to the world flora diversity was analyzed. For the first time, the taxonomic diversity of monocot plants of the flora of Ukraine was analyzed, which includes 235 genera and about 1050 species, and the distribution of fruit types in the largest monocot families revealed. It was found that among monocot plants of the world flora, as also of the Ukrainian flora, more than 70% of generic and species diversity is taken up by the Orchidaceae, Poaceae, and Cyperaceae families having dry uniform fruits: inferior capsule (Orchidaceae) and one-seeded enveloped fruit (Poaceae and Cyperaceae). An annotated list of morphological fruit types was compiled for all 38 families of the natural and cultural flora of monocot plants of Ukraine. Among 12 families of the subclass Alismatidae, apocarpous polymerous or trimerous fruits, mostly with one-seeded fruitlets, occur in six families (Alismataceae, Butomaceae, Potamogetonaceae, Ruppiaceae, Scheuchzeriaceae, Zannichelliaceae). In 12 of 16 families of the subclass Liliidae, trimerous capsules are the most common (Agapanthaceae, Agavaceae, Alliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Asphodelaceae, Colchicaceae, Hemerocallidacae, Hyacinthaceae, Iridaceae, Liliасеае, Melanthiaceae, Orchidaceae), while in six families berry-like fruit occurs in all members or in the single genus (Asparagaceae, Ruscaceae, Dioscoreaceae, Melanthiaceae (Paris), Liliасеае (Streptopus), Smilacaceae). Among 10 families of the subclass Commelinidae, in four families superior dry one-seeded fruits occur (Cyperaceae, Poaceae, Sparganiaceae, Typhaceae), while another four families have trimerous capsules (Cannaceae, Commelinaceae, Juncaceae, Pontederiaceae). In general, the most typical fruit on the familial taxonomical level is the capsule (17 families), berries occur in 10 families, aggregate fruits and one-seeded fruits are represented each in seven families, while the rarest fruit type is the schizocarp (Juncaginaceae). No monomerous follicles, poricide and operculate capsules, winged fruits and loments were found. The most controversial fruit types are found in two groups of families, for both of them the problem is the gynoecium type. These are families with one-seeded fruit (Аrасеае (Lemna), Cyperaceae, Hydrocharitaceae (Najas), Poaceae, Sparganiaceae, Typhaceae, Zosteraceae) and families with initial carpel fusion (Hydrocharitaceae (Stratiotes), Juncaginaceae, Melanthiaceae (Veratrum), Scheuchzeriaceae, Tofieldiaceae). As a result of our work, the key and the most relevant areas of carpological studies in Ukraine were defined, particularly, unifying the terminology, examination of the anatomical structure of the pericarp, revealing of the evolutionary and ecological aspects of fruit morphology.
Diseño e implementación del plan de mantenimiento preventivo de los equipos de la empresa Granitos y Mármoles Acabados SAS
Authors: Mago Ramos María Gabriela , Rocha Pachón Sebastián 
Published: November 2021

Esta investigación propone el diseño y la implementación del plan de mantenimiento preventivo en pequeñas industrias que empezaron en forma de proyectos familiares o de manera artesanal, las cuales no tuvieron la posibilidad de adoptar una estrategia de mantenimiento como el Mantenimiento Centrado en Confiabilidad (RCM), que permite identificar los equipos más críticos, mediante un análisis de criticidad, para el proceso y adoptar estrategias a fin de posibilitar la eliminación de la ocurrencia de fallas. La metodología empleada en esta investigación, que fue aprendida en los cursos de Mantenimiento del Programa de Ingeniería Mecánica de la Universidad Libre, permitió generar formatos que facilitaron el manejo de los equipos y la visualización de la información, así como otros documentos para el seguimiento y control de las actividades relacionadas con cada activo. La empresa, caso de estudio, cuya razón social se denomina Granitos y Mármoles Acabados SAS es una microempresa que presta servicios de mantenimiento a todo tipo de piedra natural hace más de 20 años, sin efectuar ninguna estrategia de mantenimiento para sus equipos, por lo que, buscando optimizar métodos productivos, contempló la necesidad de implementar la misma. El estudio se complementó con un análisis financiero: cálculo de ROI y TIR, que posibilitó la evaluación de la inversión en mantenimiento, no solamente como un gasto. La aplicación de procedimientos teóricos y analíticos permitió verificar que los servicios que presta la empresa tienden a volverse más eficientes, demostrando con cifras la retribución económica que genera un plan de mantenimiento para este sector en específico. El aporte de esta investigación a las investigaciones futuras radica en la elaboración de un plan de mantenimiento en empresas PYMES que no han tenido esta cultura técnica u operacional con los equipos, y que a largo plazo les genera un menor lucro cesante y una mayor productividad cuando se invierte en mantenimiento.
Self-assessment of the digital skills of career education specialists during the provision of remote services
Authors: Margevica-Grinberga Ieva , Smitiņa Agita 
Published: November 2021

The drastic and structural changes in the labour market and organisational environment is related not only to the COVID-19 pandemic and rapid technological development but also to general globalisation trends, demographic situations, deterioration, and dynamic changes at all levels of education, which emphasise the need for quality career education and guidance in secondary schools. This study aims to explore the digital self-assessment of career guidance professionals and also, to determine carrier guidance professionals’ attitude towards digital literacy. Data was analysed using percentages for qualitative data and content analysis for qualitative research. From the results of the research, most of the career guidance specialists have been able to use digital technologies to communicate with students, parents, colleagues, and most of them currently use digital technologies in their work.

Keywords: career; career education; digital competence; digital literacy; digital tools; guidance;
Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Motivasi Belajar Santri di Pondok Pesantren Darul Ilmi
Authors: Efendi Muhammad , . Norhabibi 
Published: November 2021

Islamic boarding schools can be used as the best alternative as a place for children in studying education, both in the context of religious guidance and formal general studies. The achievement of quality educational goals and having broad values require high motivation and interest in learning, to realize this, it must be supported by the encouragement of both parents which is applied in the learning environment and family environment. This study aimed to analyze learning motivation and the factors that influence it, which was carried out at Darul Ilmi Islamic Boarding School with a quantitative descriptive approach and random sampling. Based on the data analysis obtained, there were several factors that influence the motivation of students in learning, as described below: a) 58.6% of students stated that they were motivated by choosing Islamic boarding schools as a place for learning, b) 44.2% of students were motivated to study in Islamic boarding schools because they had basic religious abilities from previous educational institutions, c) 53.9% of students felt calm and comfortable with the atmosphere of Islamic boarding schools, d) 57% of students felt comfortable in the boarding school environment. Based on the indicators, the factor that had a major influence on students' motivation to learn at the Darul Ilmi Islamic boarding school was the desire and ideals of the student to gain knowledge at the Islamic boarding school.Keywords: Motivation; Islamic Boarding Schools; LearningPondok pesantren dapat dijadikan alternatif terbaik sebagai wadah untuk menempatkan anak dalam menimba ilmu pendidikan, baik dalam konteks tuntunan agama maupun kajian umum yang bersifat formal. Ketercapaian tujuan pendidikan yang bermutu dan memiliki nilai yang luas diperlukan motivasi dan minat yang tinggi dalam belajar, untuk mewujudkan hal demikian harus didukung dengan dorongan kedua orang tua yang diterapkan di lingkungan pembelajaran maupun lingkungan keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis motivasi belajar dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya, yang dilakukan di Pondok Pesantren Darul Ilmi dengan pendekatan deskriprif kuantitatif dan pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak (random sampling). Berdasarkan analisis data yang diperoleh terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasi santri dalam belajar, sebagai mana diuraikan berikut ini: a) 58,6% santri menyatakan termotivasi dengan memilih pondok pesantren sebagai wadah untuk belajar, b) 44,2% santri termotivasi untuk belajar di pondok pesantren karena memiliki kemampuan dasar keagamaan dari lembaga pendidikan terdahulu, c) 53,9 % santri merasa tenang dan nyaman dengan suasana pondok pesantren, d) 57% santri merasa nyaman berada di lingkungan pondok pesantren. Berdasarkan indikator di atas terdapat faktor yang memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap motivasi belajar santri di pondok pesantren Darul Ilmi adalah keinginan dan cita-cita santri untuk menimba ilmu di pondok pesantren.Kata Kunci: Motivasi, Belajar, Pondok Pesantren