bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resolving Wave Propagation in Anisotropic Poroelastic Media Using Graphical Processing Units (GPUs)
Authors: Alkhimenkov Yury , Räss Ludovic , Khakimova Lyudmila , Quintal Beatriz , Podladchikov Yury 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBiot's equations describe the physics of hydromechanically coupled systems establishing the widely recognized theory of poroelasticity. This theory has a broad range of applications in Earth and biological sciences as well as in engineering. The numerical solution of Biot's equations is challenging because wave propagation and fluid pressure diffusion processes occur simultaneously but feature very different characteristic time scales. Analogous to geophysical data acquisition, high resolution and three dimensional numerical experiments lately redefined state of the art. Tackling high spatial and temporal resolution requires a high‐performance computing approach. We developed a multi‐ graphical processing units (GPU) numerical application to resolve the anisotropic elastodynamic Biot's equations that relies on a conservative numerical scheme to simulate, in a few seconds, wave fields for spatial domains involving more than 1.5 billion grid cells. We present a comprehensive dimensional analysis reducing the number of material parameters needed for the numerical experiments from ten to four. Furthermore, the dimensional analysis emphasizes the key material parameters governing the physics of wave propagation in poroelastic media. We perform a dispersion analysis as function of dimensionless parameters leading to simple and transparent dispersion relations. We then benchmark our numerical solution against an analytical plane wave solution. Finally, we present several numerical modeling experiments, including a three‐dimensional simulation of fluid injection into a poroelastic medium. We provide the Matlab, symbolic Maple, and GPU CUDA C routines to reproduce the main presented results. The high efficiency of our numerical implementation makes it readily usable to investigate three‐dimensional and high‐resolution scenarios of practical applications.
Aerosol Climatology Over South and Southeast Asia: Aerosol Types, Vertical Profile, and Source Fields
Authors: Banerjee Tirthankar , Shitole A. S. , Mhawish Alaa , Anand A. , Ranjan R. , Khan Md F. , Srithawirat T. , Latif Mohd T. , Mall R. K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAerosol climatology during typical haze dominating period over South and Southeast Asia was explored using several Earth‐Observing A‐Train satellite products retrieved in between 2010 and 2020. Comparatively high aerosol optical depth (AOD) with dominance of fine and UV‐absorbing aerosols are noted across the Indo‐Gangetic plain, South Asia (IGP; AOD: 0.58; UVAI: 0.74) against weak UV‐absorbing fine aerosols over Southeast Asia (SEA; AOD: 0.26; UVAI: 0.07). Among inland IGP sites, decadal mean AOD resembles in Lahore (0.72 ± 0.45), Delhi (0.81 ± 0.46), Kanpur (0.84 ± 0.42), and Varanasi (0.78 ± 0.45); all exhibiting bimodal AOD distribution with a first peak in early November followed by a second in early January. In contrast, except mainland site Chiang Mai, all SEA maritime cities resemble in having typical September‐October AOD peak, with the presence of fine and UV‐neutral aerosols. Urban hotspots across IGP and SEA (except Dhaka, Chiang Mai) denote a spatially consistent minor increasing trend in AOD (0.2–1.8 × 10−2 year−1) while increase in UVAI is more prominent over upper IGP. Dust aerosols dominate only in Karachi (46%) against strong UV‐absorbing smoke aerosols over rest of the IGP (71–91%), and UV‐neutral smoke aerosols across SEA (84–92%). Vertical stratification of aerosol types is noted across IGP as in lower atmosphere (<4 km) polluted dust/urban aerosols remain abundant, with gradual decrease in dust aerosols from upper to lower IGP and consequent increase in smoke aerosols. At upper atmosphere (>4 km), however, dust aerosols clearly dominate. Over SEA, smoke are the most abundant aerosols across the atmospheric column followed by polluted dust. No evidence of intracontinental transport of aerosols from IGP to Southeast Asia or vice versa is, however, noted.
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Sea Salt Aerosol Mass Concentrations in the Marine Boundary Layer From the Arctic to the Antarctic
Authors: Jiang Bei , Xie Zhouqing , Lam Paul K. S. , He Pengzhen , Yue Fange , Wang Longquan , Huang Yikang , Kang Hui , Yu Xiawei , Wu Xudong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGlobal warming, increases in sea surface temperatures (SST), and reductions in sea ice may lead to changes in the distribution of global sea salt aerosol (SSA) concentrations, which may in turn affect the global climate. However, there are few global‐scale observations of SSA over marine environments. Here, we report SSA mass concentrations observed along the cruise tracks of the Chinese Polar Research Expedition in summer 2008–2018. We found the following: (1) There are significant differences between SSA concentrations in sea areas at different latitudes, and that of the Arctic Ocean was significantly lower than other sea areas; (2) over the last 10 years, the SSA concentrations in the Bering Sea were significantly higher in 2016 than in 2012, and trends from the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean are similar, as both showed a minimum in 2014; (3) the sea‐air temperature differences among the various marine regions studied may contribute to the different distribution of SSA concentrations; (4) sea ice fraction and SST are probably the main factors controlling the interannual changes in SSA concentrations in the Arctic Ocean and Bering Sea, respectively; and (5) The large sea‐air temperature difference in the Southern Ocean may promote the emission of SSA. Therefore, the SST parameterization of GEOS Chem model in the low SST sea area (the Southern Ocean) may have an excessively large effect on suppressing SSA emission resulting in a significant underestimation of the GEOS‐Chem model in the Southern Ocean (−62%).
Assessing the Representation of Synoptic Variability Associated With California Extreme Precipitation in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Norris Jesse , Hall Alex , Chen Di , Thackeray Chad W. , Madakumbura Gavin D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractDays of extreme precipitation over California are evaluated in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models and the ERA‐Interim reanalysis. In the current climate, the model spread in composited precipitation on extreme precipitation days is closely related to the magnitude of composited integrated vapor transport (IVT) across models, a proxy for the intensity of atmospheric rivers. Most models underestimate the magnitude of IVT associated with extreme precipitation, according to ERA‐Interim. This is due mostly to the contribution of moisture, which almost all models overestimate, while the contribution of lower‐tropospheric wind speed is generally closer to the reanalyses. Moreover, most models underestimate the variance in the latitude of maxima of numerous variables among days of extreme California precipitation. That is, in the general circulation models there is a lack of diversity in the latitude of the disturbances bringing winter precipitation to California. In the future climate, most models project a decrease in the frequency of southward‐displaced disturbances among California extreme precipitation days. Hence, the greatest increases in extreme precipitation are over northern California. However, the historical underestimate of the latitudinal variance of disturbances calls into question the reliability of these projections. This bias should be especially considered for dynamical downscaling efforts over the region.
Image restoration model using Jaya‐Bat optimization‐enabled noise prediction map
Authors: S. P Premnath , Renjit J. Arokia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImage restoration approaches are introduced to restore the latent clear images from the degraded images. However, the performance of the existing approaches remains an open problem, which may leads to the further development of advanced image restoration techniques. Therefore, an effective image restoration method is developed for restoring the input image from various noises, like impulse noise and random noise. The generation of pixel map, identification of noisy pixel, and the enhancement of pixel are the three major phases involved in the proposed method. Initially, the noisy pixel map generation is performed from the input image, and then the noisy pixels are identified based on deep convolutional neural network, which is trained by the proposed Jaya‐Bat algorithm. The Jaya‐Bat algorithm is developed by combing the Jaya optimization algorithm and Bat algorithm. Once the noisy pixels are identified, the pixel enhancement is done using the neuro fuzzy system. The experiment is carried out using Statlog (landsat satellite) dataset, and the developed method achieves the maximal peak signal to noise ratio of 51.03 dB, maximal structural similarity index of 0.848 for the image with random noise, and the maximal second derivative like measure of enhancement 62.96 dB with impulse noise, respectively.
Fusobacterium nucleatum impedes remission of colitis in a mouse model
Authors: Yamashita Taiga , Tai Shoya , Tsukahara Takamitsu , Inoue Ryo 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The role of Fusobacterium nucleatum, often associated with intestinal diseases, in the remission of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis was investigated. Female mice were divided into groups DC (DSS control) and DF (DSS + F. nucleatum). F. nucleatum (1.0 × 1010 cfu/mouse/day) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was orally given to DF, while DC had PBS only. All mice had DSS in drinking water. In Experiment 1, mice underwent 2 inflammation phases, an in-between recovery phase and had their disease activity indices (DAI) calculated. Experiment 2 was similarly conducted, except that mice were dissected 3 days postrecovery, and had blood and colonic mucosal samples collected. In Experiment 1, DF had significantly (P &lt; .05) higher DAI than DC, during the recovery and 2nd inflammation phases. In Experiment 2, genus Bacteroides was significantly (P &lt; .05) higher and family Lachnospiraceae significantly lower in cecal mucosa-associated microbiota of DF than in that of DC. We concluded that F. nucleatum can impede colitis remission.
Par3/integrin β1 regulates embryo adhesion via changing endometrial luminal epithelium polarity
Authors: Peng Jiali , Li Xiaoling , Zhang Yan , Hu Jian , Shang Yunjie , Yin Yuchen , Xiao Zhuoni 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The objective is to investigate the pathophysiological significance of Par3 and integrin β1 with regard to the functionality of the endometrial luminal epithelium (LE). Design: laboratory study; setting: university research laboratory. Analysis involved endometrial aspirates and endometrial adenocarcinoma cells (HEC-1A) and endometrial carcinoma cells (RL95-2). We first examined the expression and localization of Par3 and integrin β1 in HEC-1A cells and RL95-2 cells. Then we knocked down Par3 and integrin β1 in HEC-1A cells and RL95-2 cells, respectively, and found that Par3/integrin β1 affected embryo adhesion by regulating the intercellular tight junctions’ (TJs’) structure and thus the polarity of the endometrial LE. These findings were also confirmed in the endometrium specimens from human and mice. The main outcome measures were the expression and localization of Par3 and integrin β1 in the endometrial epithelial cell lines and endometrium specimens and the regulations of Par3 and integrin β1 on TJs, polarity, and embryo adhesion. Following the knockdown of Par3 in HEC-1A cells, there was a reduction in the complexity of the TJs and cell polarity, and the adhered blastocysts number was significantly increased. However, the reduction of integrin β1 in RL95-2 cells resulted in effects that directly opposed those following the knockdown of Par3 in HEC-1A cells. Estrogen and progesterone reduced the expression of Par3 and promoted the expression of integrin β1 in HEC-1A cells. Par3/integrin β1 regulates embryo adhesion by regulating intercellular TJs’ structure and polarity of endometrial LE under the action of ovarian hormones.
A Crimson Rosella for Josephine
Authors: Fishburn Matthew 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A hitherto unrecorded engraving, dated 1803, can now be shown to be the first depiction of an Australian Crimson Rosella (Platycercus elegans) made in France. The engraving was made by François Nicolas Martinet, the ornithological specialist famous for his work with the Comte de Buffon. Quite apart from the intrinsic interest of the image, its history sheds light on the earliest phase of the collection of Josephine Bonaparte at Malmaison, her property on the western outskirts of Paris, and the substantial work she was overseeing in the first years of the century, especially in respect of the natural history collections made during the voyage to Australia of Nicolas Baudin in 1800–04. The plate also provides the key to the story of Martinet’s final, abandoned publication, a work that was advertised in 1804 but never completed, copies of which are held in the Smithsonian Libraries and Archives and in Trinity College, Hartford, CT.
Plant functional groups mediate effects of climate and soil factors on species richness and community biomass in grasslands of Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Li Zijing , Liang Maowei , Li Zhiyong , Mariotte Pierre , Tong Xuze , Zhang Jinghui , Dong Lei , Zheng Ying , Ma Wenhong , Zhao Liqing , Wang Lixin , Wen Lu , Tuvshintogtokh Indree , Gornish Elise S , Dang Zhenhua , Liang Cunzhu , Li Frank Yonghong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims
Functional group composition of a plant community is mainly driven by environmental factors and is one of the main determinants of grassland biodiversity and productivity. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of plant functional groups (PFGs) in mediating the impact of environmental conditions on ecosystem functions and biodiversity.

Methods
We measured plant biomass and species richness (SR) of grasslands in 65 sites on the Mongolian Plateau and classified 157 perennial herbaceous plants into two main PFGs (namely grasses and forbs). Using the random forest model and ordinary least squares regression, we identified that environmental factors (i.e. aridity index, soil total nitrogen [STN] and pH) were significantly related to the SR and aboveground biomass (AGB) of PFGs. We then used structural equation modeling to explore the relationship between the identified environmental factors and community SR and biomass, and the role of PFGs in driving this relationship.

Important Findings
We found that aridity index had unimodal relationships with both AGB and SR of the PFGs and the whole community. All SR and biomass metrics were significantly related to STN and pH. The relationship between aridity index and community biomass was mediated by an increase in the AGB of grasses. The influence of STN and pH on community SR was mainly due to their regulation in the SR of forbs. Our results indicate that community composition and the identity of the PFGs play a key role in linking environmental factors to ecosystem functioning.
Bulk Composition of Fast-Spreading Oceanic Crust: Insights from the Lower Cumulates of the East Pacific Rise and from Cocos–Nazca Rift Basalts, Hess Deep
Authors: Deasy R T , Wintsch R P , Meyer R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cores recovered by International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 345 to the Hess Deep Rift (HDR) include lower crustal cumulates from the East Pacific Rise (EPR) and primitive basalts from the Cocos–Nazca Rift (CNR). This study presents major and trace element compositions of channel samples—the continuous strips of rock removed during core splitting—from this expedition. Consistently high Eu/Eu* anomalies (1·37–5·22) and strong correlations among major element oxides in samples of cumulates indicate that rock composition at the meter scale is controlled by the accumulation and segregation of plagioclase and olivine. However, constant Mg# (82·22 ± 0·66) among 13 samples through a ∼50 m interval suggests that this cumulus was host to percolating, replenishing melt(s). Modeling finds this rock composition to be in equilibrium with melts having Mg# = 58–61. This is identical to the mean value of EPR lavas (57·7 ± 6·2) and suggests that melt buffering by permeable crystal mush is a common and important process in controlling mid-ocean ridge basalt compositions at fast-spreading ocean centers. Analyses of the cumulates provide the most comprehensive composition of in situ, fast-spreading lower oceanic crust currently available. These are compiled with analyses of gabbros, dikes, and lavas from across the HDR to calculate the bulk composition of fast-spreading oceanic crust produced at the equatorial EPR. This bulk composition is strikingly similar to the composition of the primitive basalts from the CNR, and these compositions have nearly identical modeled fractional crystallization histories. Lower abundances of incompatible elements in the primitive basalt suggest that CNR magmatism is the result of the resumption of decompression melting in mantle that previously produced EPR crust. However, higher abundances of chalcophile elements in the CNR basalt point to a diversity of mantle melts that is not evident in calculations of the composition of bulk oceanic crust.
Truth Pluralism and Many-Valued Logic: Lesson from Suszko’s Thesis
Authors: Strollo Andrea 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAccording to truth pluralism, sentences from different areas of discourse can be true in different ways. This view has been challenged to make sense of logical validity, understood as necessary truth preservation, when inferences involving different areas are considered. To solve this problem, a natural temptation is that of replicating the standard practice in many-valued logic by appealing to the notion of designated values. Such a simple approach, however, is usually considered a non-starter for strong versions of truth pluralism, since designation seems to embody nothing but a notion of generic truth. In this paper, I explore the analogy with many-valued logic by comparing the problem of mixed inferences with Suszko’s thesis, and argue that the strong pluralist has room to resist the commitment to a generic property of truth by undermining the semantic significance of Suszko’s reduction.
Transition From the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit to Home
Authors: Shillington Jessica , McNeil Deborah 
Published: March 2021

Background:
A successful transition from the neonatal intensive care unit to home is fundamental for the long-term health and well-being of preterm infants; however, the process parents' experience during their transition home is poorly understood. An improved understanding of this concept will allow nurses to offer families comprehensive and collaborative discharge preparation.

Purpose:
To describe the defining attributes, antecedents, and consequences for the concept of transition in the context of the neonatal intensive care unit to home.

Methods:
Databases, MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EMBASE were searched for articles containing “transition” in combination with “neonatal intensive care unit” or variants of these terms. The Walker and Avant method was used for this concept analysis.

Results:
The defining attributes of transition in the context of the neonatal intensive care unit to home are “mix of emotions,” “uncertainty,” and “coming into parenthood.” The principal antecedent is “hospital discharge preparation” and consequences include “feeding and medical needs,” “family life changes,” and “parental confidence.”

Implications for Practice:
Gradually increasing parents' participation in their infant's care and forming a partnership and collaborative plan with families will help ease the uncertainty parents experience during their transition home.

Implications for Research:
Further investigation is needed to determine how best to provide emotional support for parents during their transition home and to explore a feasible option for neonatal nurses to follow up with parents after hospital discharge.
Medial Column Support in Pilon Fractures Using Percutaneous Intramedullary Large Fragment Fixation
Authors: Goodnough L. Henry , Tigchelaar Seth S. , Van Rysselberghe Noelle L. , DeBaun Malcolm R. , Gardner Michael J. , Hecht Garin G. , Lucas Justin F. 
Published: March 2021

Summary:
Pilon fractures are complex injuries to the tibial plafond requiring stable fixation in the setting of effective soft tissue management, particularly in high-energy injuries, open fractures, or in geriatric individuals. Medial column support of the distal tibial metaphysis is often an essential component when applying balanced fixation. However, the biologic implications of multiple surgical approaches in the setting of damaged tissue, devitalized bone, or significant bone loss may contribute to increased complications. Percutaneous intramedullary large fragment screws offer both stability and a soft tissue–friendly approach for stabilizing the medial column. Here, we present our technique and indications for medial column support in pilon fractures using percutaneous large fragment fixation, along with our early clinical experience in a case series of 7 patients. At minimum 6-month follow-up, all patients healed their injuries with maintained alignment and without complications or further reoperation. Medial column support with percutaneous large fragment fixation in pilon fractures is a viable option to provide mechanical stability while effectively managing tenuous soft tissue envelopes.
Ethics and Values Surrounding the Radiation Protection of Animals
Authors: Martinez Nicole E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Ethics and societal values form one of the three pillars supporting and informing the system of radiological protection, complementing the science and building from our individual and collective experience. Although the International Commission on Radiological Protection has recently highlighted the ethical foundations of the system of radiological protection (the System) with Publication 138, with Publication 91 outlining ethical principles of environmental radiation protection, the System has yet to specifically address the ethics associated with animals outside of the natural environment such as livestock, pets, or research animals. Therefore, in conjunction with the Commission’s recent efforts in elaborating on the application and implementation of the System in veterinary practice is the consideration of the associated ethical values and principles foundational to the practice, with special attention given to the animal exposed. This paper outlines progress made in the latter area and proposes a practical, consistent approach to the ethics and values of the radiation protection of animals. Complementary to the ethical values of the System specified in Publication 138 are the correlated ethical values of respect for life, animal welfare, sustainable development, solidarity, and autonomy that are particularly relevant in veterinary practice. In addition to the procedural and ethical values of transparency, accountability and inclusiveness, additional procedural values of empathy and stewardship are needed in the implementation of the System in veterinary practice and in its application to non-human biota in general.
Rescuing an Akreos 4-Point Haptic Intraocular Lens: A Novel Surgical Technique
Authors: Fan Kenneth C. , Smiddy William E. 
Published: March 2021

Purpose:To present a surgical technique that allows rescue (repositioning) of a dislocated Akreos AO model intraocular lens using scleral sutures.Methods:The surgical technique is described with supplemental video.Results:The technique was used in 4 eyes of 3 patients with 2 to 18 months of follow-up information. The intraocular lens was well positioned, and the visual acuity (as limited by other disease) was good, without adverse events.Conclusion:Scleral suture techniques for repositioning of the Akreos AO intraocular lens offer a suitable alternative to intraocular lens exchange.