bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early-age creep behaviour of 3D printable mortars: Experimental characterisation and analytical modelling
Authors: Esposito Laura , Casagrande Lorenzo , Menna Costantino , Asprone Domenico , Auricchio Ferdinando 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe construction sector is experiencing significant technological innovations with digitalisation tools and automated construction techniques, such as additive manufacturing. Additive manufacturing utilising cement-based materials can potentially remove the technological/economic barriers associated with innovative architectural/structural shapes which are not suitable for conventional formworks adopted for concrete material. However, in the “free-form” digital fabrication with concrete, the mechanical properties prediction of the material in the fresh state is essential for controlling both the element deformations and overall stability during printing. In this paper, the authors explore the critical aspects related to the determination of the early-age creep properties of a 3D printable cement-based material, particularly investigating such a behaviour at different resting times. The experimental results are used to calibrate the Burgers’ analytical model to consider both the elastic and the viscous response of the 3D printable mortar investigated in the fresh state. The visco-elastic model is validated by comparing the analytical total strain vs time curve with the corresponding experimental counterpart replicating the layer-by-layer stacking process in the 3D concrete printing process. It was found that the Burgers’ model represents a valuable numerical approach to evaluate the overall accumulation of layer deformation of a 3D printed element, since it is capable of taking into account the time dependency due to the time gap and the variable material stiffness over the process time.
Ferroptosis Promotes Cyst Growth in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Mouse Models
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqin , Li Linda Xiaoyan , Ding Hao , Torres Vicente E. , Yu Chen , Li Xiaogang 
Published: October 2021

Significance Statement
This study demonstrates for the first time a role of ferroptosis in ADPKD. We show the Pkd1 mutation makes renal epithelial cells prone to ferroptosis through the dysregulation of iron and lipid metabolism. It also suggests the main form of regulated cell death in ADPKD kidneys is ferroptotic but not apoptotic, which helps clarify the controversy over the role of apoptosis in ADPKD. In addition, we found that induction of ferroptosis by erastin promotes cyst growth in Pkd1RC/RC
mice, whereas inhibition of ferroptosis by Fer-1 delays cyst growth in rapidly and slowly progressive ADPKD mouse models. These observations suggest management of ferroptosis may be a novel strategy for the treatment of this disease.

Background
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most common inherited kidney disease, is regulated by different forms of cell death, including apoptosis and autophagy. However, the role in ADPKD of ferroptosis, a recently discovered form of cell death mediated by iron and lipid metabolism, remains elusive.

Methods
To determine a pathophysiologic role of ferroptosis in ADPKD, we investigated whether the absence of Pkd1 (encoding polycystin-1) affected the expression of key factors involved in the process of ferroptosis, using Western blot and qRT-PCR analysis in Pkd1 mutant renal cells and tissues. We also examined whether treatment with erastin, a ferroptosis inducer, and ferrostain-1, a ferroptosis inhibitor, affected cyst growth in Pkd1 mutant mouse models.

Results
We found that kidney cells and tissues lacking Pkd1 exhibit extensive metabolic abnormalities, including reduced expression of the system Xc− amino acid antiporter (critical for import of cystine), of iron exporter (ferroportin), and of GPX4 (a key and negative regulator of ferroptosis). The abnormalities also include increased expression of iron importers (TfR1, DMT1) and HO-1, which in turn result in high iron levels, low GSH and GPX4 activity, increased lipid peroxidation, and propensity to ferroptosis. We further found that erastin increased, and ferrostatin-1 inhibited ferroptotic cell death and proliferation of Pkd1-deficient cells in kidneys from Pkd1 mutant mice. A lipid peroxidation product increased in Pkd1-deficient cells, 4HNE, promoted the proliferation of survived Pkd1 mutant cells via activation of Akt, S6, Stat3, and Rb during the ferroptotic process, contributing to cyst growth.

Conclusion
These findings indicate that ferroptosis contributes to ADPKD progression and management of ferroptosis may be a novel strategy for ADPKD treatment.
Diseño de un reactor de tornillos para la obtención de bioaceite a partir de pirólisis rápida de biomasa residual
Authors: Pardo Salazar Jesus , Sierra Hernández Marlon Darío , Pedraza Yepes Cristian Antonio 
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Realizar el diseño mecánico de un reactor de tornillo para la obtención de bioaceite mediante pirólisis rápida de biomasa residual.
Metodología: Se realizó una estimación del potencial energético de la biomasa residual. Se calcularon las variables térmicas y mecánicas para el dimensionamiento del reactor y la selección de sus componentes. Para seleccionar el reactor más adecuado se aplicó la metodología del Despliegue de la Función Calidad. Se realizó un análisis de esfuerzos mediante la herramienta informática Solidworks®, cuyos resultados permitieron ratificar los parámetros y dimensiones seleccionados para la construcción del reactor.
Resultados: Se seleccionó un reactor de doble tornillo con sección transversal en U con base plana. Se determinó que el calor necesario para llevar a cabo la reacción de pirólisis rápida fue 927 kJ/kg. Se seleccionó un tornillo sinfín de 1.68 m de longitud, 1.25 pulgadas de diámetro mayor y 1.5 pulgadas de paso, en acero inoxidable austenítico 316, accionado por un motorreductor de potencia 0.25 HP y torque 20 Nm. Para minimizar pérdidas de calor, se dispuso de una cinta calentadora de 0.1 W/cm2 y un elemento aislante a base de fibra de vidrio, de espesor 130 mm, ambos alrededor del barril contenedor del reactor.
Conclusiones: Se seleccionó el modelo de reactor de doble tornillo y sección transversal en forma de U con base plana por ofrecer mayor capacidad volumétrica de transporte y mayor capacidad de mezcla. Se seleccionó un diámetro de 1-1/4” para el tornillo sinfín con el fin de para evitar problemas de deflexión.
THE FRENCH FOUNDATIONS OF HUTTON’S THEORY OF THE EARTH, PART TWO: HUTTON’S DEBTS TO ROUELLE
Authors: TODD GREGORY F.W. 
Published: October 2021

This contribution, in two parts, addresses a long-standing problem in the history of geology: Was the geological theory of James Hutton derived inductively from observations and scientific knowledge, or was it derived a priori as a speculative system? Hutton’s own writings do little to clarify the question, and the conflict in interpretations has remained at an impasse. This contribution proposes to resolve that conflict by focusing on the two years Hutton spent as a young man studying chemistry in Paris. I argue that Hutton studied with one of the great chemistry teachers of the eighteenth century, Guillaume-François Rouelle, and that Rouelle’s teachings provided the foundations of Hutton’s geological theory.
Part One of this contribution reviewed evidence that Hutton was a student of Rouelle’s, and concluded with a high degree of confidence, but less than certainty, that Hutton did study with Rouelle. In this Part Two, it is argued that Hutton adopted almost all the geological ideas found in Rouelle’s lectures. This Part Two also proposes a reconstruction of the development of Hutton’s cyclical model of Earth strata, taken as the starting point of his broader theory, to show that it developed from observations and inductions, and his study with Rouelle, and was not developed as an a priori system. That conclusion will require a new interpretation of Hutton’s theory, which should now be understood as part of a continuum of geological knowledge developing during the eighteenth century.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE MUSEUM IN ANTEBELLUM U.S. WESTERN TERRITORIAL EXPLORATION: PART 2. THE ROLES OF HAYDEN AND MEEK IN A PARADIGM SHIFT IN GEOLOGIC AND PALEONTOLOGIC STUDIES
Authors: HARTMAN JOSEPH H. 
Published: October 2021

Established under the antebellum leadership of Joseph Henry and Spencer Baird, the respect given the Smithsonian Institution had far-reaching effects on budding geological careers and the conservation and curation of fossils at national and state levels. Specifically, F. V. Hayden received sufficient perceived encouragement in his geological and natural history endeavors to prevail under no less than hardship conditions. Consequently, Hayden triumphed on his return from the field in 1856, with specimens that would quickly alter his immediate destiny and that of F. B. Meek. The five documents accepted for publication in 1856 by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia produced not only a large number of new species, but Hayden’s northern Great Plains stratigraphy and a biostratigraphic/biochronologic catalog of species original to western studies. Others were now also repeatedly citing Hayden with Meek for non-molluscan specimens based on his collections, with new species named in his honor. The nature of western geological exploration changed because of Hayden’s successful employment as geologist and naturalist to the G. K. Warren and W. F. Raynolds Missouri and Yellowstone expeditions. Onsite, ‘fact-based’ mapping with fossils in stratigraphic sections were arguably now required. No more qualified or experienced individual left the western territories as the Civil War commenced.
Meek’s deathbed monograph provided a redescription and the first figures of Meek and Hayden 1856 taxa. Although there are reasons suggested herein, a conundrum exists as to why Meek replaced many 1856 ‘types’ with different specimens, sometimes from different localities. The specimens used in the 1856 Meek and Hayden papers were first unpacked for study by Meek and Hayden in Albany. Shipment of fossils from field to museum, however, was not without peril. The presumption is that the specimens accompanied Meek when he moved to Washington in 1858.
A National Museum sponsored and implemented program fostered an ever-expanding ‘duplicate’ distribution of specimens to national and international institutions. Henry and Baird were dedicated to this program. Starting in 1861, surplus fossil invertebrates were removed from National Museum holdings. Many thousands of specimens were transferred, with nearly one thousand specimens documented in a single shipment to one institution. How much of the Hayden collection was affected and how many types were redistributed is as of yet unknown. The remaining Hayden collection in the National Museum is pared-down to type and figured specimens. Hayden’s ‘buckets’ of specimens are being, in some cases, slowly virtually repatriated.
Seismic Moment Tensor Inversion of an Induced Microseismic Event, Offshore Norway: An Insight into the Possible Cause of Wellbore Liner Failure during a Drilling Operation
Authors: Zarifi Zoya , Hansteen Fredrik , Schopper Florian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A microseismic event with Mw∼0.8 was recorded at the Grane oilfield, offshore Norway, in June 2015. This event is believed to be associated with a failure of the wellbore liner in well 25/11-G-8 A. The failure mechanism has been difficult to explain from drilling parameters and operational logs alone. In this study, we analyzed the detected microseismic event to shed light on the possible cause of this event. We inverted for the seismic moment tensor, analyzed the S/P amplitude ratio and radiation pattern of seismic waves, and then correlated the microseismic data with the drilling reports. The inverted seismic moment indicates a shear-tensile (dislocation) event with a strong positive isotropic component (67% of total energy) accompanied by a positive compensated linear vector dipole (CLVD) and a reverse double-couple (DC) component. Drilling logs show a strong correlation between high pump pressure and the occurrence of several microseismic events during the drilling of the well. The strongest microseismic event (Mw∼0.8) occurred during peak pump pressure of 277 bar. The application of high pump pressure was associated with an attempt to release the liner hanger running tool (RT) in the well, which had been obstructed. Improper setting of the liner hanger could have caused the forces from the RT release to be transferred to the liner and might have resulted in ripping and parting of the pipe. The possible direct impact of the ripped liner with the formation or the likely sudden hydraulic pressure exposure to the formation caused by the liner ripping may explain the estimated isotropic component in the moment tensor inversion in the well. This impact can promote slip along the pre-existing fractures (the DC component). The presence of gas in the formation or the funneled fluid to the formation caused by the liner ripping may explain the CLVD component.
The effect of rivaroxaban low doses on the stable angina of the II–III functional class clinical manifestations and the quality of life in patients with ischemic heart disease
Authors: Nekrasov A. A. , Timoshchenko E. S. , Nekrasova T. A. , Timoshchenko M. V. , Suleimanova A. V. 
Published: October 2021

Aim To evaluate the effect of low-dose rivaroxaban on quality of life of patients and clinical manifestations of functional class (FC) II-III stable angina.Material and methods 26 patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) with FC II-III stable angina, who were newly prescribed rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice a day in combination with acetylsalicylic acid 75-100 mg, were followed for 10 weeks. During the first (before the beginning of treatment) and the last weeks of study, patients kept diaries, in which they reported angina attacks and short-acting nitrate intake, filled in an angina questionnaire (SAQ), and underwent electrocardiogram (ECG) Holter monitoring (HM).Results The treatment was associated with decreases in the frequency of angina attacks (by 19.5 %; р=0.027) and the number of taken short-acting nitrate pills (by 17.1 %; р=0.021) and an improvement of quality of life according to stability scales (р=0.042). Data from ECG HM showed decreases in the number and duration of ischemic episodes (p≤0.05).Conclusion The treatment of IHD patients with rivaroxaban 2.5 mg twice a day in combination with acetylsalicylic acid 75-100 mg for 2 mos. was associated with decreased frequency of angina attacks, reduced requirement for short-acting nitrate, and with improvement of quality of life.
The risk score for in-hospital mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Bessonov I. S. , Kuznetsov V. A. , Sapozhnikov S. S. , Gorbatenko E. A. , Shadrin A. A. 
Published: October 2021

Aim To develop a scale (score system) for predicting the individual risk of in-hospital death in patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) with an account of results of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Material and methods The analysis used data of 1 649 sequential patients with STEMI included into the hospital registry of PCI from 2006 through 2017. To test the model predictability, the original sample was divided into two groups: a training group consisting of 1150 (70 %) patients and a test group consisting of 499 (30 %) patients. The training sample was used for computing an individual score. To this purpose, β-coefficients of each variable obtained at the last stage of the multivariate logistic regression model were subjected to linear transformation. The scale was verified using the test sample.Results Seven independent predictors of in-hospital death were determined: age ≥65 years, acute heart failure (Killip class III-IV), total myocardial ischemia time ≥180 min, anterior localization of myocardial infarction, failure of PCI, SYNTAX scale score ≥16, glycemia on admission ≥7.78 mmol/l for patients without a history of diabetes mellitus and ≥14.35 mmol/l for patients with a history of diabetes mellitus. The contribution of each value to the risk of in-hospital death was ranked from 0 to 7. A threshold total score of 10 was determined; a score ≥10 corresponded to a high probability of in-hospital death (18.2 %). In the training sample, the sensitivity was 81 %, the specificity was 80.6 %, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.902. In the test sample, the sensitivity was 96.2 %, the specificity was 83.3 %, and the AUC was 0.924.Conclusion The developed scale has a good predictive accuracy in identifying patients with acute STEMI who have a high risk of fatal outcome at the hospital stage.
Mitral valve replacement and implantation of an extracardial mesh frame in patients with severe heart failure: results of a clinical study and a description of a clinical case 18 years after surgery
Authors: Belenkov Yu. N. , Koroteev A. V. , Mareev V. Yu. 
Published: October 2021

Aim Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCMP) is a major cause for severe heart failure. Development of a combination (drug and surgery) treatment of this disease is relevant. This prospective observational study was aimed at evaluating short- and long-term results of extracardiac mesh implantation in DCMP patients with heart failure resistant to the optimum drug therapy.Material and methods The extracardiac mesh ACOR-1 was implanted in 15 patients with DCMP. All meshes were produced individually for each patient and made of Gelweave (great Britain) vascular graft strips. The mesh size corresponded to the heart diastolic size, which was measured after achieving a maximum possible clinical improvement for the patient. Long-term results were followed for up to 4 years. Mean age of patients was 43.1±10.8 years (from 28 to 62 years). One patient was followed up for 18 years. Data of that patient were presented as a clinical case report.Results From October, 2003 through October, 2007, 15 DCMP patients received mesh implants. Cases of in-hospital death were absent. In 3 mos. after the surgery, left ventricular volumes decreased (end-diastolic volume decreased from 251.7±80.7 to 229.0±61.3 ml; end-systolic volume decreased from 182.3±73.6 to 167.7±46.2 ml), and the left ventricular pump function improved (ejection fraction increased from 25.2±6.0 to 27.1±5.1 %; cardiac index increased from 2.0±0.5 to 2.4±0.7 ml /min /m2). The functional state of patients improved by one NYHA class, from 3.7±0.3 to 2.8±0.6. In some cases, the left ventricular size and the systolic function completely normalized. There were no episodes of circulatory decompensation in the long term after surgery. Actuarial survival for the observation period was 100%.Conclusion Implantation of extracardiac mesh prevented progression of heart dilatation and, in combination with drug therapy, it may represent an effective method for treatment of DCMP.
Framing Issues of Ex-Prisoners, Vote Buying, and Winning Teams: Evidence from Pilkada of the Palangka Raya City
Authors: Haridison Anyualatha 
Published: October 2021

This manuscript specifically explores the dynamics of the Pilkada of Palangka Raya City in 2018. As with the simultaneous regional elections in Indonesia in general, there are still problems related to the practice of vote buying, network of winning teams and strong patronage. This is a determining factor in a candidate's victory, even though he was once labeled a prisoner. We observed a phenomenon in the Pilkada of Palangka Raya City; that having high popularity and strong political clientelism cannot help a person that is labeled an ex-prisoner to attain victory. Our study is complemented by a case study approach with a holistic analysis method. We observed and interviewed key informants in order to obtain some data related to the theme. Results show that the ability of the winning candidate’s team to frame and counter frame the candidate as an ex-prisoner who gives cash to former fellow inmates, succeeded in helping the other candidate to win the Pilkada in the Palangka Raya City. We found that the implementation of the frame and counter frame theories was successful in the Pilkada context. This method of framing and counter framing is very effective in producing regional leaders with integrity and clean records and in instilling rationality in voters to reject corrupt leaders. Empirically, the limitations in framing these issues have not completely eliminated the pattern of giving money in politics.
Design and Manufacture an Automatic Mushroom Sprinkler based Internet of Things to Increase Oyster Mushroom Productivity
Authors: Setiawan Rizal Justian , Tarnadi Adi , Surfani Ilham 
Published: October 2021

Oyster mushroom is one of the non-cholesterol food ingredients that have high nutrition and high demand by the public. In addition, oyster mushroom has a much cheaper price than chicken and beef. In the cultivation of oyster mushrooms, temperature and humidity are important factors in the success of cultivation, the optimum temperature for the growth of oyster mushrooms is 16-25°C and the ideal humidity required is 80%-90%. To maintain the temperature and humidity is to do watering or misting. Currently, there are still many farmers who use conventional watering systems that are not practical. Therefore, during the dry season, the productivity of oyster mushrooms tends to decrease due to hot weather conditions and intense watering needs to be done. Based on this, it is necessary to develop an automatic and efficient mushroom watering tool. The research method used is Research and Development (RD). The result achieved is the design of an automatic mushroom sprinkler based on temperature and humidity control. This automatic mushroom sprinkler has a blower component, piezoelectric, ATMega 16 microcontroller, DHT11 temperature sensor, and internet of things (IoT) features. The conclusion of this research is the creation of an automatic mushroom sprinkler that is efficient and easy to use. In addition, the results of the implementation of this tool in the cultivation area can increase the productivity of oyster mushrooms by 34.51%.
A study of clinical analysis and management of lnguinoscrotal swelling in paediatric age group
Authors: Suvera Mukesh , Chaudhari Pranay , Patel Shreyakumari 
Published: October 2021

Background: Inguinoscrotal swellings are one of the commonest congenital problems in infancy and childhood. Delay in diagnosis and treatment leads to loss of testis, ovaries or portion of bowel to incarceration or strangulation. This study was undertaken for clinical evaluation of age, sex, sidewise distribution management and management of complications.Methods: Retrospective observational study done from April 2011 to March 2019. Children with age from 1 month to 12 years presenting with inguinoscrotal swelling Results: In Total 174 children had inguinoscrotal swelling which include 155 (89%) male children and 19 (11%) female children. Most of the patients presented in 2 to 5 years (41%) age group out of 114 case of inguinal hernia include 63 on right,47 on left and 4 bilateral and 60 case of hydrocele 48 on right,10 on left and 2 bilateral.0ut of 174 children 16 were discharge on same day of surgery. Out of 174 children 1 patient had taken as emergency operation due to irreducible hernia. Conclusions: Inguinal hernia and hydrocele in children remain one of the most common congenital problems observed by surgeons. The childhood inguinoscrotal swellings are generally more predominant on the right side and this has been attributed to the delay in descent of the right testis. Regarding the sex prevalence, males are more commonly affected. Inguinal herniotomy in children is a safe and effective operation done as day care procedure.