bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stage‐specific regulation of purine metabolism during infectious growth and sexual reproduction in Fusarium graminearum
Authors: Sun Manli , Bian Zhuyun , Luan Qiaoqiao , Chen Yitong , Wang Wei , Dong Yongrong , Chen Lingfeng , Hao Chaofeng , Xu Jin‐Rong , Liu Huiquan 
Published: January 2021

Summary

Ascospores generated during sexual reproduction are the primary inoculum for the wheat scab fungus Fusarium graminearum. Purine metabolism is known to play important roles in fungal pathogens but its lifecycle stage‐specific regulation is unclear.

By characterizing the genes involved in purine de novo and salvage biosynthesis pathways, we showed that de novo syntheses of inosine, adenosine and guanosine monophosphates (IMP, AMP and GMP) are important for vegetative growth, sexual/asexual reproduction, and infectious growth, whereas purine salvage synthesis is dispensable for these stages in F. graminearum.

Addition of GMP rescued the defects of the Fgimd1 mutant in vegetative growth and conidiation but not sexual reproduction, whereas addition of AMP rescued all of these defects of the Fgade12 mutant, suggesting that the function of de novo synthesis of GMP rather than AMP is distinct in sexual stages. Moreover, Acd1, an ortholog of AMP deaminase, is dispensable for growth but essential for ascosporogenesis and pathogenesis, suggesting that AMP catabolism has stage‐specific functions during sexual reproduction and infectious growth. The expression of almost all the genes involved in de novo purine synthesis is downregulated during sexual reproduction and infectious growth relative to vegetative growth.

This study revealed that F. graminearum has stage‐specific regulation of purine metabolism during infectious growth and sexual reproduction.
Eating disorder risk in adolescents with obesity
Authors: Jebeile Hiba , Lister Natalie B. , Baur Louise A. , Garnett Sarah P. , Paxton Susan J. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe intersection between adolescent obesity and eating disorder risk is one that requires urgent attention. This review aimed to synthesize the literature on the risk of clinical eating disorders in adolescents with obesity, discuss challenges with assessing risk, and examine implications for clinical practice and future research. Obesity and eating disorders can coexist resulting in exacerbated physical and psychological health issues. Recognized eating disorder risk factors, including body dissatisfaction, poor self‐esteem, depression, and engaging in dieting behaviors, are elevated and frequently reported in adolescents with obesity, highlighting a vulnerability to the development of eating disorders. Unsupervised dieting to manage weight may exacerbate eating disorder risk, while structured and supervised weight management is likely to reduce eating disorder risk for most adolescents. However, some adolescents may present to an obesity service with an undiagnosed eating disorder or may develop an eating disorder during or following treatment. We conclude that a risk management approach, with screening or monitoring for eating disorder‐related risk factors and behaviors, should be utilized to identify those at risk. Future research to identify eating disorder risk factors specific to adolescents with obesity is required to inform screening and monitoring protocols, patient care, and address current knowledge gaps.
Delayed Presentation of Thoracic Aortic Pseudoaneurysm Following Pedicle Screw Implantation: A Case Report
Authors: Liu Li‐di , Hong Xin , Li Jiang‐bi , Zhang Shao‐kun 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundPedicle screw insertion has been known to have several complications even in the most skilled surgical hands. However, injury to the thoracic aorta during pedicle screw insertion is rare, delayed presentation secondary to pseudoaneurysm is even rarer, the pseudoaneurysm formation caused by a series of malpositioned pedicle screws has perhaps not been reported so far.Case presentationIn this paper, we report here a case in which inadvertent injury to the thoracic aorta resulted in pseudoaneurysm, its manifestation was initially vague, resulting in a delayed diagnosis. Delayed aortic pseudoaneurysm or injury can be asymptomatic for a long time. Patients with renewed or continued back pain should alert orthopaedic surgeons regarding the possibility of pseudoaneurysms, regardless of the period that has elapsed after pedicle screw implantation.
Stretching Force of Incision Affects Early Clinical Results After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Xiang‐sheng Tang , Hu Zhang , Lei Chen , Huan‐juan Qian , Ping Yi 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of different skin incisions on recovery from total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsThis is a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary hospital. A total of 1210 patients accepted primary and unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) at the authors' affiliated institutions between January 2015 and January 2019. Patients who accepted primary and unilateral TKA due to OA under epidural anesthesia were included. Excluded cases included patients who had no completed follow‐up; preoperative flexion contracture greater than 15° and preoperative flexion less than 90°; paresthesia in lower limb; scar within the knee area; patella alta or baja. We recorded and analyzed the following data, including each patient's characteristics, incision stretching index (IS index), perioperative information, and follow‐up assessments. Patients were grouped by trisecting the range of IS index we observed in the present study. The primary outcome measure was the visual analog scale (VAS) pain score rated on a scale of 0–10 from no pain to severe pain. Secondary outcome measures include knee girth reflecting postoperative swelling, knee range of motion (ROM), sensory testing, and the strength of quadriceps. These measures were completed 2 weeks postoperatively.ResultsA total of 1089 patients undergoing primary and unilateral TKA in our two institutions were screened for final analysis, and 121 ones were excluded. The patients were followed up for an average of 13.3 months postoperatively. The mean length of FL was 28.3 cm (range: 21.0–38.8 cm). The mean IS index was 2.7 cm (range: 0.4–5.1 cm). We found no significant difference in those data among groups (P > 0.05). VAS pain scores among group IS A, IS B, and IS C were significantly different (2.3 ± 0.6 vs 3.4 ± 1.6 vs 3.9 ± 1.5, P = 0.0001). Similar situations were seen in knee circumference, ROM, area of abnormal sensation, and quadriceps strength among groups (all P < 0.05). With the increase in the IS index, VAS pain score, knee circumference, area of abnormal sensation, and incision problems were significantly increased (P < 0.05). At the same time, ROM and the strength of quadriceps decreased (P < 0.05). With the increase in the IS index, the number of patients with incision problems was increased significantly (P < 0.05). Besides, no significant difference in PJI and DVT among groups was observed (P > 0.05).ConclusionsProper incision stretching can improve postoperative pain relief, surgical swelling, ROM, sensory disturbance of the knee, and the strength of quadriceps with reduced risk of incision complications.
Chronic urticaria in children under 15 years of age: Clinical experience beyond the clinical trials
Authors: Corral‐Magaña Oriol , Gil‐Sánchez José Antonio , Bover‐Bauzá Catalina , Martinez‐Cepas Patricia , Montis‐Palos María Concepción , Martín‐Santiago Ana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to describe the clinical characteristics, management, and outcome of a series of children with chronic urticaria (CU).MethodsWe retrospectively studied children aged <15 years diagnosed with CU in a tertiary teaching hospital in Palma de Mallorca, Spain, between January 2014 and March 2019. CU was defined as persistence of symptoms of wheals, with or without angioedema, for >6 weeks.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients (17 girls, mean age 8 years) were included. Family history of atopy was found in 31% of the cases. In 41.3% of patients, episodes of CU were associated with angioedema. Physical triggers were found in 34.5% of the cases. Most episodes of CU were successfully managed with the recommended (60.7%) or double the recommended dose (17.2%) of H1‐antihistamines. Quadruple the recommended dose of H1 antihistamines was used in six patients, five of whom were finally treated with off‐label omalizumab. Treatment with anti‐leukotrienes was needed in one patient. Associated thyroiditis was diagnosed in one patient, which was controlled with levothyroxine.ConclusionsPediatric CU showed features similar to CU in adulthood, including a greater predominance in females and frequent association with personal or family history of atopy. Adult guidelines for the treatment of CU are currently extrapolated to the pediatric population. Specific tools for the assessment of disease activity and impairment of quality of life in pediatric CU are needed for use in prospective studies aimed to define treatment strategies for children with CU.
Use of trajectory models to track air pollution from source to exposure: A methodological approach for identifying communities at risk
Authors: Doede Aubrey L. , Davis Robert , DeGuzman Pamela B. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveOngoing environmental changes increasingly require public health nurses to understand how environmental factors impact the health of populations. One approach to researching these impacts is incorporating environmental research methods to determine associations between harmful exposures and health. We use the Salton Sea in Southern California as a demonstration of how environmental exposure can be examined using air parcel trajectory analysis.DesignWe demonstrate a methodology for public health nurses to better understand and apply data from the Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory meteorological model to estimate the effect of airborne particulate matter from a single source.MeasurementsWe explain a method for tracking air parcel trajectories to populations: selection of meterological data to identify air parcels, geographic identification of population centers, generation of trajectories, classification of trajectory dispersions, adjusting for atmospheric stability, and merging environmental variables with health data.ConclusionsClimate change‐related environmental events are expected to become more commonplace and disproportionately affect those populations impacted by health disparities. Public health nurses can identify communities at risk so that public health nursing researchers can use these techniques in collaboration with environmental science to robustly examine health effects of proximal air pollution sources for communities at risk.
Ultrasound appearances and histological correlation of native arteriovenous fistula stenoses – A retrospective case series
Authors: Steiner Kate , Ramanarayanan Sivaramakrishnan , Metcalfe Matthew , Jeevaratnum Praveen , Selvakumar Sadasivam , Narula Ashish 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe pathophysiology of haemodialysis arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) stenoses is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to perform histology assessment of stenoses in native AVF and compare and correlate the findings between ultrasound and histology. Intimal medial thickness (IMT) was measured on ultrasound where there was measurable neointimal hyperplasia at the site of stenosis and percentage intimal thickening calculated. Ultrasound findings were then compared with histology analysis of AVF stenoses in nine patients. In this small sample, different sonographic appearances and histology were demonstrated. Ultrasound demonstrated stenoses with neointimal hyperplasia and those with no measurable neointimal hyperplasia. Percentage intimal thickening was between 0% and 100%. The histology of the de novo stenoses (where no previous radiological or surgical procedure was performed) demonstrated stenoses with neointimal hyperplasia, no neointimal hyperplasia and neointimal hyperplasia and fibrosis. The histology findings after percutaneous angioplasty (PTA) demonstrated stenoses with neointimal hyperplasia and fibrosis and a stenosis with an acute inflammatory reaction. The findings in this small sample demonstrated that AVF stenoses are not a uniform group as demonstrated by different sonographic and corresponding appearances at histology. Ultrasound appearances of neointimal hyperplasia appear to correlate with neointimal hyperplasia on histology. These findings warrant further investigation and may have implications for treatment strategies.
Polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene dimethyl ether (EPDME) random copolymer improves lipid structural ordering in stratum corneum of an epidermal‐equivalent model as seen by two‐photon microscopy
Authors: Umino Yuki , Ipponjima Sari , Denda Mitsuhiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground/PurposeTopical application of polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene dimethyl ether (EPDME) random copolymer improves the barrier function of skin, whereas polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) are ineffective. The aim of this work was to examine the interaction between these polymers and lipid molecules in the stratum corneum in order to establish whether EPDME‐specific changes in the structural ordering of lipids might account for the improvement of barrier function.MethodsWe used two‐photon microscopy to evaluate the effects of EPDME, PEG, and PPG on the structural ordering of lipids in an epidermal‐equivalent model in terms of the fluorescence changes of Laurdan, a fluorescent dye that responds to changes of membrane fluidity. The generalized polarization (GP) value, a parameter that reflects lipid ordering, was measured at various depths from the surface of the stratum corneum.ResultsEPDME increased the GP value to a depth of about 3 µm from the surface, indicating that lipid ordering was increased in this region, while PEG and PPG of the same molecular weight had no effect. Diffusion of Lucifer yellow into the epidermis was reduced after application of EPDME, indicating that the barrier function was improved.ConclusionThese results support the view that EPDME improves barrier function by increasing the ordering of lipid structures in the stratum corneum. The methodology described here could be useful for screening new compounds that would improve the structural ordering of lipids.
Filmic encounters: Multispecies care and sacrifice on island Timor
Authors: Palmer Lisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis is a story about the ‘arts of noticing’ more‐than‐human noticing. In it I reflect on the ways in which my own practice of ethnographic filmmaking is itself an agent of multisensory participation. As artifice and artificial eye, there is something both liberating and sensuous about filmmaking practice. It heightens the performativity of participants and their embodied rituals and allows me to enter intimate spaces I would otherwise not encounter. In these encounters a deep multispecies noticing takes place, although in the first instance this is usually only by the camera. The intimacy enabled in these artificial but sensorial encounters can be both revealing and confronting, especially in cases of animal sacrifice. Re‐encountering footage filmed across years of research‐led endeavour, in this paper I explore the power of film to convey these multisensory and multispecies stories, as well as to evoke understanding and engage the multisensory memory of the filmmaker.
Labour demand in global value chains: Is there a bias against unskilled work?
Authors: Reijnders Laurie S. M. , Timmer Marcel P. , Ye Xianjia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRodrik (2018) hypothesises that technology used in global value chains (GVCs) is biased against the use of unskilled workers. To test this hypothesis, we introduce a GVC production function in which final output is produced by means of factor inputs from all countries that participate in the GVC. In contrast, previous studies only consider one stage of production using inputs from a single country. We derive substitution elasticities and labour demand bias in a system of translog GVC cost equations. We find that technical change in GVCs was strongly biased against the use of low‐educated workers, neutral for middle‐educated workers and in favour of high‐educated workers. We show that the biases moderate the potential of GVCs to increase demand for low‐educated workers in low‐income countries.
Cling together, swing together: The contagious effects of COVID‐19 on developing countries through global value chains
Authors: Pahl Stefan , Brandi Clara , Schwab Jakob , Stender Frederik 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper aims at estimating the economic vulnerability of developing countries to disruptions in global value chains (GVCs) due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. It uses trade in value‐added data for a sample of 12 developing countries in sub‐Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America to assess their dependence on demand and supply from the three main hubs China, Europe and North America. Using first estimates on COVID‐19‐induced changes in final demand and production, we obtain an early projection of the GDP effect during the lockdowns that runs through trade in GVCs. Our estimates reveal that adverse demand‐side effects reduce GDP up to 5.4 per cent, and that collapsing foreign supply puts an even larger share of countries' GDP at risk. Overall, we confirm conjecture that the countries most affected are those highly integrated in GVCs (South‐East Asian countries). We argue, however, that these countries also benefit from a well‐diversified portfolio of foreign suppliers and demand destinations, possibly leading to a cushioning of economic downswing because COVID‐19 stroke major hubs at different times.
Electroretinography (ERG) in the wild giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)
Authors: Tu Shaotong , Jin Yipeng , Wei Jiaqi , Pan Shiyue , Xiao Xingping , Lin Jiahao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeUsing a quick electroretinography (ERG) protocol for rapid assessment of the retinal function of wild giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) performed in field conditions to demonstrate the range of ERG recordings in giant pandas of unknown retinal status.Animals studiedNine free range giant pandas.ProcedureAll the giant pandas were anesthetized using an intramuscular dexMTZ injection, which is a combination of dexmedetomidine and tiletamine‐zolazepam. After 20 mins of dark adaptation, scotopic ERGs were obtained by using three flash intensities: −25 dB (0.0087 cd·s/m2), 0 dB (2.75 cd·s/m2), and +5 dB (8.7 cd·s/m2). Next, photopic ERGs were acquired using a single flash protocol with a flash intensity of 3.0 cd·s/m2after 10 minutes of light adaptation.ResultsIn scotopic ERG at 0.0087 cd·s/m2, mean b‐wave amplitude and peak time were 82.26 µV (SD ± 16.65 and 95% CI 68.33‐96.18) and 66.97 ms (SD ± 10.86 and 95% CI 57.90‐76.05), respectively. This flash intensity was below a‐wave threshold and resulted in b waves with greater peak times compared to those with higher intensities. At 2.75 cd·s/m2, the mean a‐wave amplitude and peak time were 53.95 µV (SD ± 11.63 and 95% CI 44.23‐63.67) and 16.13 ms (SD ± 2.62 and 95% CI 13.94‐18.31), and mean b‐wave amplitude and peak time were 119.57 µV (SD ± 15.54 and 95% CI 106.57‐132.56) and 32.00 ms (SD ± 6.47 and 95% CI 26.59‐37.41). At 8.7 cd·s/m2, the mean a‐wave amplitude and peak time were 58.85 µV (SD ± 14.90 and 95% CI 46.39‐71.31) and 15.59 ms (SD ± 2.63 and 95% CI 13.40‐17.79), and the mean b‐wave amplitude and peak time were 132.97 µV (SD ± 22.11 and 95% CI 114.48‐151.46) and 32.66 ms (SD ± 6.87 and 95% CI 26.91‐38.40).In photopic ERG at 2.75 cd·s/m2, the mean a‐wave amplitude and peak time were 62.08 µV (SD ± 16.61 and 95% CI 48.19‐75.97) and 16.28 ms (SD ± 0.90 and 95% CI 15.53‐17.03), and the mean b‐wave amplitude and peak time were 214.93 µV (SD ± 70.41 and 95% CI 156.07‐273.80) and 33.09 ms (SD ± 1.27 and 95% CI 32.03‐34.15).ConclusionUsing a portable ERG system with a brief ERG protocol to perform electroretinographies in wild giant pandas is a practical, useful, and reliable method for the rapid assessment of their retinal function.
Structured Methodology for Clustering Gas Turbine Transients by Means of Multivariate Time Series
Authors: Losi Enzo , Venturini Mauro , Manservigi Lucrezia , Ceschini Giuseppe Fabio , Bechini Giovanni , Cota Giuseppe , Riguzzi Fabrizio 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
At present, the challenges related to energy market force gas turbine owners to improve the reliability and availability of gas turbine engines, especially in the ever competitive Oil and Gas sector. Gas turbine trip leads to business interruption and also reduces equipment remaining useful life. Thus, the identification of symptoms of trips allows the prediction of their occurrence and avoids further damages and costs. Gas turbine transients are tracked by gas turbine operators while they occur, but a database including the complete details of past events for many fleets of engines is not always available. Therefore, a methodology aimed at classifying transients into clusters that identify the type of event (e.g., normal shutdown or trip) is required. Clustering is a data mining technique that addresses the scope of partitioning multivariate time series (MTS) into a given number of homogeneous and separated groups. Thus, the multivariate time series belonging to the same cluster are expected to be very similar to each other. This paper presents a structured methodology composed of a subsequent matching algorithm, a featured-based clustering approach exploiting the unsupervised fuzzy C-means algorithm and a procedure that assigns a label to each cluster for classification purposes. The methodology is applied to a real-word case-study that includes transients acquired from a fleet of Siemens gas turbines in operation during 3 years. The results obtained by using heterogeneous datasets including six measured variables allowed values of Precision, Recall and Accuracy higher than 90% in almost all cases.
The Data-Driven Surrogate Model-Based Dynamic Design of Aeroengine Fan Systems
Authors: Zhu Yun-Peng , Yuan Jie , Lang Z. Q. , Schwingshackl C. W. , Salles Loic , Kadirkamanathan V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
High-cycle fatigue failures of fan blade systems due to vibrational loads are of great concern in the design of aeroengines, where energy dissipation by the relative frictional motion in the dovetail joints provides the main damping to mitigate the vibrations. The performance of such a frictional damping can be enhanced by suitable coatings. However, the analysis and design of coated joint roots of gas turbine fan blades are computationally expensive due to strong contact friction nonlinearities and also complex physics involved in the dovetail. In this study, a data-driven surrogate model, known as the Nonlinear in Parameter AutoRegressive with eXegenous input (NP-ARX) model, is introduced to circumvent the difficulties in the analysis and design of fan systems. The NP-ARX model is a linear input–output model, where the model coefficients are nonlinear functions of the design parameters of interest, such that the Frequency Response Function (FRF) can be directly obtained and used in the system analysis and design. A simplified fan-bladed disc system is considered as the test case. The results show that using the data-driven surrogate model, an efficient and accurate design of aeroengine fan systems can be achieved. The approach is expected to be extended to solve the analysis and design problems of many other complex systems.