bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Korean Middle School Students’ Dietary Habits and Degree of Satisfaction with School Meals
Authors: Kim YoungA , Kim Hyo Young 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the dietary habits of middle school students and the effects of school meals on their dietary habits. 422 middle school students (212 boys and 210 girls) were cross‐sectional surveyed in Incheon, one of 5 major cities in Korea, using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0 program.The average Body Mass Index (BMI) of male and female students were 19.9 kg/m2 and 19.4 kg/m2, respectively in the normal weight range. There was a significant difference in the ratio of eating breakfast every day between male (64.6%) and female (50.0%) students (p<.01). In the aggregate, 73.9% of students had unbalanced eating habits and there were significant differences according to gender and BMI (p<.05). The biggest factor to affect their dietary habits was the dietary habits of their family's (p<.01). As for the degree of satisfaction with school meals, 83.1% of students were satisfied usually, while there was a significant difference according to gender and age (p<.01). Two major reasons for dissatisfaction with school meals were ‘poor taste’ (33.8%) and ‘small quantity’ (32.4%). Students expected the menu of school meals to be more diverse, new (49.1%), and to be composed with one‐dish meal more often (24.6%). It was found that school meals had partial impacts on students to eat vegetables more often and experience various food materials. Furthermore, unbalanced eating habits were corrected by school meals for a meaningful portion of students (31.3%). Therefore school meals and nutrition education are important because it matters on students’ dietary habits and their nutritional qualities.Grant Funding Source: Inha University
Food Choices for 2–5 Year Old Children in California Childcare: Comparing 2008 and 2012
Authors: Sharma Sushma , Yoshida Sallie , Braff‐Guajardo Ellen , Ritchie Lorrene D 
Published: June 2021

Nearly two million children regularly spend time in childcare in California. However, not much was known about the nutrition environments of these settings. In 2008, we conducted a statewide study (n=429 childcare sites) to investigate food and beverages options provided. This study was used to inform the Healthy Beverage law implemented in January 2012 to regulate beverages in licensed childcare in California. In 2012, we repeated the study with an aim to compare the major food categories provided to 2–5 year old children in 435 childcare sites (serving ~32,000 children) in California between 2008 and 2012.Compared to 2008, in 2012 we found that 10% more sites reported serving whole grains servings, whereas 4% fewer sites served white grains. In 2012, 2% more sites served fresh fruits, whereas 7% fewer sites served canned fruit. Similarly, more sites served legumes (9%), vegetarian meat substitute (13%) and baked/broiled chicken/fish (15%) in 2012. However, increases (5–10%) were also observed for sugary items, fried potatoes, and potato chips.From 2008 to 2012 an increased percentage of childcare sites provided foods that tend to positively impact the diet quality of young children. More efforts are required to bring positive changes for foods that tend to negatively impact diet quality, and contribute excess calories, such as sugary and savory snacks and fried potatoes.
Korean pine nut oil attenuated hepatic TG accumulation in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Park Soyoung , Shin Sunhye , Lim Yeseo , Shin Jae Hoon , Seong Je Kyung , Han Sung Nim 
Published: June 2021

Korean pine nut oil (PNO) has been reported to have some influence on weight gain and lipid metabolism. We examined whether PNO replacement in high‐fat diet (HFD) can ameliorate HFD‐induced hepatic steatosis compared to soybean oil (SBO). Five‐wk‐old C57BL mice were fed control diets containing 10% energy fat from PNO or SBO (PC, SC) or HFD with 45% energy fat from 10% PNO or SBO and 35% lard (PHFD, SHFD) for 12 wks. Mice in PHFD group gained less body weight (10% less, P = 0.02) and had less white adipose tissue (18% less, P = 0.03) compared to those in SHFD group without significant food intake reduction. Hepatic TG levels tended to be greater in mice fed HFD (P = 0.08) than those fed the control diets. PHFD group had significantly lower hepatic TG level than SHFD group (P = 0.001). Overall, PNO upregulated hepatic Acadl mRNA expression (P = 0.05). Expression of hepatic Pparg mRNA was downregulated in PC group compared to SC group (P = 0.003). Protein expression of SIRT3 in white adipose tissue was downregulated in SHFD group (P < 0.001) and was restored in PHFD group to the level of control lean mice (P = 0.003). In conclusion, PNO consumption resulted in less body fat accumulation and attenuated hepatic steatosis in HFD‐induced obesity, which seemed to be a result of caloric restriction‐mimetic response despite no significant change in food intake.Supported by the grant from National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (Grant no. 20110027052)
Comparison of zinc protoporphyrin concentration in capillary whole blood and venous washed red blood cells among young Burkinabe children
Authors: Hess Sonja Y , Yakes Elizabeth , Abbeddou Souheila , Peerson Janet M , Some Jerome W , Ouedraogo Zinewende , Ouedraogo Jean‐Bosco , Brown Kenneth H 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundZinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) is a useful indicator of iron (Fe) status. Washing red blood cells (RBC) prior to ZPP analysis has been advised to avoid false positives in individuals with malaria, but this procedure adds complexity to sample processing.ObjectiveTo compare ZPP in capillary whole blood samples (ZPPcap) and washed RBCs from venous blood (ZPPven) among young Burkinabe children in a malaria endemic region.MethodsCapillary and venous lithium‐heparinized blood samples were collected within 0–4 d in children aged 9 mo (n=592). The RBCs of venous samples were washed twice using saline solution. ZPPcap and ZPPven concentrations were assessed by hematofluorometer (AVIV). Malaria was identified using HRP‐II rapid diagnostic test, and presence of inflammation was based on C‐reactive protein (CRP ≥5 mg/L) and/or α‐1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP ≥1 g/L).ResultsThe median (range) of ZPPcap and ZPPven were 212.3 (20.3–1526.7) and 136.5 (11.5–1455.5) μmol/mol heme, respectively. The mean ZPPcap is higher than the mean ZPPven (p<0.0001), but the log transformed ZPPcap and ZPPven concentrations are highly correlated even in the presence of malaria and inflammation (r=0.88–0.92; p<0.0001).ConclusionUnwashed whole blood can be used to determine Fe deficiency by ZPP, even in the presence of malaria or inflammation.Funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Calorie intake and blood lipidomics
Authors: Kristal Bruce , Hubbard Van S , Starke‐Reed Pamela , Bird Susan S , Marur Vasant R , Sniatynski Matt , Sheldon Diane 
Published: June 2021

Weight loss is inherently linked to the utilization of stored fats and should be detectable as changes in the blood lipidome. Such lipid changes may serve as biomarkers and may reveal protective responses, eg, in markers associated with insulin resistance or risk of type II diabetes. Conversely, fat utilization may be biased, at least initially, towards the metabolism of unsaturated fats vs saturated fats, which could have important public health consequences, as acute weight‐loss might be a period of exposure conditions that favor atherosclerosis development.Testing these issues in FBNF1 rat models of both stable and acute weight loss/caloric restriction (CR) enabled control of diet quantity/quality and minimized confounds. Rats were fed ad libitum, different periods of 40% CR (1, 2, 4, 8, or 18 weeks), or 10–40% CR for 8 weeks. Sera lipids were assessed using a high resolution mass spectrometry‐based analysis that detected >;500 intact lipids (>;300 structurally identified), spanning 6 LIPIDMAPS categories. Data supporting both issues above were observed. Data are also compared with metabolomics biomarkers for: (i) CR defined in rats that cross‐species to reflect caloric intake and future disease risk in humans, and; (ii) relative intakes and quality of dietary protein, carbohydrate, and fat. Complementary analyses are in progress in the NIA CALERIE trial of CR in humans. NIH support
Relationship between leukocyte global DNA methylation and RBC folate in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (WHI‐OS)
Authors: Bae Sajin , Caudill Marie A , Bailey Lynn B , Malysheva Olga , Miller Joshua W , Brown Elissa C , Neuhouser Marian L , Maneval David , Cheng Ting‐Yuan David , Hou Lifang , Beresford Shirley A A , Song Xiaoling , Zheng Yingye , Buck Katharina , Ulrich Cornelia M 
Published: June 2021

This study investigated the impact of folic acid (FA) fortification on global DNA methylation and its relationship with RBC folate in the WHI‐OS. We selected ~400 postmenopausal women (50–79 y) from the highest (891 ± 210 ng/mL, mean ± SD; n=206) and lowest (350 ± 79 ng/mL; n=202) tertiles of RBC folate distribution matching on age and time of blood draw: pre, peri, or post‐FA fortification. Global DNA methylation was measured in blood leukocytes collected at study baseline using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. No differences (P=0.86) in DNA methylation were detected between the pre (5.04 ± 0.4%), peri (5.05 ± 0.4%), or post (5.03 ± 0.4%) FA periods (1‐way ANOVA). However, methylation was lower (4.9 vs. 5.2%; P =0.01) in the highest (859 ± 188 ng/mL, n=53) vs. the lowest (371 ± 88 ng/mL, n=29) RBC folate tertile in the post‐FA period (t‐test). Additional analyses are underway to explore possible interactions between FA fortification and RBC folate on global DNA methylation among postmenopausal women.Funded by NIH R01 CA120523, N01WH22110, HHSN26820110
Effects of polyphenolic‐rich dark chocolate/cocoa and almonds on established and emerging cardiovascular risk factors: study design
Authors: Berryman Claire E , West Sheila G , Chen C‐Y Oliver , Blumberg Jeffrey B , Fleming Jennifer A , Preston Amy G , Miller Debra L , Kris‐Etherton Penny M 
Published: June 2021

Almonds are recognized for their cholesterol‐lowering effects and polyphenolic‐rich dark chocolate/cocoa for blood pressure and vascular health benefits. This research seeks to evaluate the individual, additive, and synergistic effects of almonds and/or dark chocolate/cocoa on CVD risk. A randomized, 4‐period, crossover controlled feeding study was designed to compare the effects of a healthy American diet (49% CHO, 17% PRO, 34% FAT, 13% SFA, 276 mg/d CHOL, no almonds, dark chocolate, or cocoa/d) to three diets incorporating almonds (49% CHO, 16% PRO, 35% FAT, 8% SFA, 153 mg/d CHOL, 1.5 oz. almonds/d, no dark chocolate or cocoa/d), dark chocolate/cocoa (53% CHO, 16% PRO, 32% FAT, 11% SFA, 157 mg/d CHOL, no almonds/d, 43g dark chocolate/d, 11g natural cocoa/d), or both (50% CHO, 16% PRO, 34% FAT, 8% SFA, 116 mg/d CHOL, 1.5 oz. almonds/d, 43g dark chocolate/d, 11g natural cocoa/d). The study population will be 40 men and women (BMI 26–35 m/kg2) with LDL‐C in the 25–95th percentile. We hypothesize that the almond, dark chocolate/cocoa, and almond + dark chocolate/cocoa diets will improve CVD risk factors compared to the control diet; however, the greatest improvements will be observed with the almond + dark chocolate/cocoa diet on the basis of lipids/lipoproteins, blood pressure, vascular function, inflammatory response, and (anti)oxidant status.Grant Funding Source: Almond Board of California and Hershey Center for Health & Nutrition
Effects of Walnuts on Vascular Function and Platelet Reactivity in Postmenopausal Women with Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Yim Sun Jung , Djurica Dragana , Holt Roberta R , Keen Carl L , Hackman Robert M 
Published: June 2021

Walnuts contain a number of phenolic acids, polyphenols and lipids that may benefit cardiovascular health. We examined the effects of acute (4 hours) and short‐term (4 weeks) walnut intake on select cardiovascular outcome measures. Thirty‐six hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to consume 5 or 40 g of walnuts daily for 4 weeks in a parallel‐arm design. Outcomes were measured after an overnight fast, and 4 hours after walnut intake on the first day of the study (V1) and after 4 weeks (V2) and included microvascular function as assessed by peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT), platelet function (PFA‐100), and serum lipids. Data are presented as mean ± SD. No significant changes in PAT were noted after 5 g of walnut intake. However, 40 g of walnut intake for 4 weeks was associated with an increased PAT response after an overnight fast (V1: 2.32 ± 0.39 vs. V2: 2.70 ± 0.31; p=0.008). An increase in PAT was also observed 4 hours after 40 g of walnut intake on V1 (2.32 ± 0.39 vs. 2.82 ± 0.39; p=0.001), but not on V2. LDL concentrations were decreased 4 weeks after 40 g/day of walnut intake (V1: 154.76 ± 16.79 mg/dL vs. V2: 146.06 ± 17.33 mg/dL). No significant changes were found in platelet function or other lipids in either group. The results suggest that the chronic consumption of 40 g of walnuts can result in positive vascular effects. This work was supported by the California Walnut Commission.Grant Funding Source: The California Walnut Commission
Amiloride Derivative Phenamil Restricts Long Bone Growth in Broilers in Conjunction with Zinc Accumulation
Authors: Price Tara , Moncada Kristin L , Park Kye Won , Tontonoz Peter , Walzem Rosemary L. 
Published: June 2021

Phenamil induces osteoblast formation and calcification in murine mesenchymal cultures. In vivo bioactivity in broiler chicks was studied during rapid bone growth 2 weeks post hatch. 26 broiler chicks were intubated daily with DMSO Vehicle (V) or 30 mg Phenamil (P)/kg BW. Body weight was measured to day 15 in ad lib fed birds. Tibia & femur fresh (f) and dry (d) weight, length, mid‐shaft width, % ash and mineral composition were measured. P‐birds weighed less than CON on days 8 through 14 (p< 0.03), but not at day 15 (p< 0.28). Tibiaf and femurf weights from P‐birds were less than CON (p< 0.005, p< 0.002), but only tibiad weight as %BW differed (p< 0.04). Femurd weights did not differ. Tibiasd from P‐birds weighed less than CON (p< 0.011), but not as a %BW. Bone ash as % of BW did not differ.Tibiasf from P birds were shorter (p<0.004) & more narrow (p< 0.012) than CON. Femur lengths and widths were similar as was dry bone, bone ash %. Bone ppm of P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn, S, and B were similar, while bone Zn increased 30% in P‐birds (p< 0.001) along with a 2.6% increase in bone Ca:P (p< 0.003). Phenamil restricted long bone growth of young broilers while enhancing relative bone Ca and absolute bone Zn deposition. Phenamil effects on normal bone growth as compared to bone repair need additional study. Supported in part by Undergraduate Research funds to KM. Animal Protocol #2012–028 IAUCC‐TAMU
Behavioral effects of quinpirole on schedule‐controlled responding in radiation sensitive and insensitive rats
Authors: Davis Catherine Marie , Hienz Robert D. 
Published: June 2021

A previous report noted that rats receiving head‐only exposure to iron ions (56Fe, a form of ionizing radiation) displayed neurobehavioral deficits on the rodent psychomotor vigilance task (rPVT), including changes in accuracy and premature responding, that were only apparent in a subset of exposed rats; i.e., radiation‐sensitive and insensitive groups emerged. Group‐specific changes in dopamine (DA) protein levels were also evident.To better understand DA system differences in radiation sensitivity, these radiation‐sensitive and insensitive groups and a sham‐irradiated control group were subsequently trained to press a lever for food pellets on a fixed‐ratio 30 schedule of reinforcement. The D2 receptor agonist quinpirole (0.01–1.0 mg/kg) dose‐dependently decreased response rates in all groups; irradiated groups were more sensitive than controls (i.e., showed greater decreases). The D2 receptor antagonist amisulpride (0.1–2.0 mg/kg) alone had no effect on performance, but did antagonize quinpirole's effects. The results show that the DA system is sensitive to radiation‐induced changes that alter behavior as exemplified by the DA system's response to drug administration, which could impact treatment of radiation‐induced cognitive deficits. This work was funded by NSBRI through NASA NCC 9–58‐PF02602 and 9–58‐NBPF02802.
BXD mouse lines as a genetic reference population for metabolic syndrome
Authors: LAMY Sebastien 
Published: June 2021

Chronic multifactorial diseases as type 2 diabetes and obesity result from interaction of genes and environmental factors. In order to better understand this interaction, a mouse genetic reference population allowing control of both conditions was used in a pipeline of standardized metabolic tests (such as exercise endurance, adaptive thermogenesis, glucose tolerance test) in a diet‐induced obesity paradigm with chow diet (CD) groups versus high‐fat diet (HFD) groups over 29 weeks. A panel of 42 BXD recombinant inbred mouse lines, descending from C57BL/6J and DBA2/J strains, was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) and gene networks that modulate metabolic activity.HFD groups showed a higher range in body weight increase than CD groups and significant differences in the BW loss after two weeks of voluntary exercise. Similarly, heterogeneity in the VO2 max, the cold resistance and the glucose tolerance is observed between strains and groups. After completion, the broad data set generated will enable QTL mapping strategies through the GeneNetwork resource.The outcome of this work will provide a better understanding of the metabolic syndrome with the identification of signaling pathways and network regulations and will initiate new strategies for diagnosis, prevention and therapy complex diseases associated with aging.
Maternal‐fetal vitamin D status and child bone health
Authors: Huh Susanna Y , Aspinwall Sarah B , Rifas‐Shiman Sheryl L , Camargo Carlos A , Gordon Catherine M , Litonjua Augusto A , Gillman Matthew W 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo examine whether maternal‐fetal vitamin D status is associated with child bone health.MethodsIn a prospective U.S. pre‐birth cohort, we studied 724 mother‐child pairs with 2nd trimester or cord 25(OH)D levels and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry skeletal measures at 6.6–10.6 years.ResultsMean (SD) 2nd trimester and cord blood 25(OH)D levels were 59 (22) and 45 (18) nmol/L, respectively. 25(OH)D levels were <50 nmol/L in 33% of 2nd trimester and 61% of cord blood samples. After covariate adjustment, neither 2nd trimester nor cord blood 25(OH)D were associated with total body bone mineral content (BMC) or areal bone mineral density (aBMD) (Table).Conclusions2nd trimester and cord blood 25(OH)D levels were not associated with child bone health.Funded by NIH R01 grants HL064925, HD034568
Vasopressin infusion increases intravesical pressure in Wistar rats.
Authors: Cafarchio Eduardo Mazuco , Silva Luiz Augusto , Colombari Eduardo , Ogihara Cristiana Akemi , Almeida Roberto Lopes , Sato Monica Akemi 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of vasopressin on intravesical pressure, renal blood flow and arterial pressure in Wistar rats.MethodsAdult female Wistar rats (~250 g) were anesthetized with 2% halothane in 100% O2 and the femoral artery and vein were cannulated for mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) recordings, and drug infusion, respectively. A miniaturized Doppler flow probe was placed around the left renal artery and the renal conductance (RC) was calculated as the ratio of Doppler shift and MAP. The urinary bladder was cannulated for measurement of the intravesical pressure (IP). Saline (vehicle) or 0.25, 0.5 and 1 ng/mL of vasopressin were infused in a ratio of 0.1 mL/min/5 min in rats with bilateral urether ligature. Data are as mean±SE and were submitted to unpaired Student t‐test. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Vasopressin increased the IP (70±30, 107±34, and 105±39% at 0.25, 0.5 and 1 ng/mL, respectively, N=6) compared to saline (1.8±0.5%, N=6). The RC was reduced (−43±18, −26±2, and − 34±12%) by 0.25, 0.5 and 1 ng/mL of vasopressin, respectively, compared to saline (−2±0.02%). No significant changes were observed in MAP (13±15, 7±16, and 6±8 mmHg) after 0.25, 0.5 and 1 ng/mL of vasopressin, respectively, or saline (2±2 mmHg). No changes were also observed on HR (9±21, 7±22, and −5±17 bpm) after 0.25, 0.5 and 1 ng/mL of vasopressin, respectively, or saline (−10±9 bpm).ConclusionsInfusions of subpressor doses of vasopressin evoked renal vasoconstriction and increased the intravesical pressure in rats with bilateral urether ligature, suggesting that vasopressin can likely increase the contractility of the detrusor muscle regardless the effects on renal blood flow.Supported by: FAPESP and PIBIC‐CNPq.
S100A4 is a key regulator of matrix metalloproteinases expression in vascular smooth muscle cells
Authors: Lemaitre Vincent , Weir Jessica‐Anne , Miura Hiroto 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are critical in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) dedifferentiation, proliferation, and migration in atherosclerosis. S100A4, a Ca2+‐ binding protein, is expressed in atheromatous and restenotic VSMCs, and regulates MMP expression in tumors. We hypothesized that S100A4 modulates MMP expression in VSMCs.MethodsVSMCs from wildtype (WT) and S100a4−/− (KO) mouse aortas were treated with platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB (20 ng/ml) and/or angiotensin II (AII; 100 nM) for 24 hours. Supernatants were used for gelatin‐zymography and total RNA for real‐time PCR analysis.ResultsCulture supernatants from KO cells exhibited lower MMP‐2 activity compared to WT cells in all groups (non‐treated, PDGF, AII, and PDGF+AII). MMP‐2 and ‐9 activities were elevated in WT cells after treatment with PDGF and AII, respectively, but were significantly lower in KO cells, which also showed decreased Mmp‐14 mRNA expression (average delta Ct, WT vs. KO: 2.6±0.3 vs. 4.2±0.2, non‐treated cells; 4.5±0.03 vs. 5.7±0.1 with PDGF; 2.9±0.1 vs. 4.1±0.2 with AII, p<0.05; n=3). Western blot showed decreased phosphorylated ERK, an activator of MMPs, in PDGF‐treated KO cells compared to WT.ConclusionS100A4 plays a key role in the regulation of MMP‐2, ‐9, and ‐14 produced in activated VSMCs.
Evidence for pleiotropic cardioprotection by the bradycardic agent ivabradine
Authors: Kleinbongard Petra , Heusch Gerd 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIn prior studies in pigs, ivabradine reduced infarct size even when given only at reperfusion and in the absence of heart rate reduction (atrial pacing).MethodsVentricular cardiomyocytes were isolated enzymatically from C57Bl/6J mouse hearts (n=15), aliquoted and incubated in Tyrode buffer ± ivabradine (3 μM) for 30 min, respectively. Simulated ischemia ± ivabradine was induced (hypoxia, pH 6.5, 310 mOsm/l, 60 min) and followed by reperfusion ± ivabradine (normoxia, pH 7.4, 250 mOsm/l, 5 min). Viability (trypan blue exclusion) was quantified in >; 200 cells/per preparation. In a subset of hearts (n=5), cardiomyocytes were loaded with CM‐H2DCFDA (5 μM) as an indicator for reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Intracellular fluorescence was detected before and after simulated ischemia ± ivabradine.ResultsViability was comparable at baseline (control, 73±4%; ivabradine, 73±2%), and it remained relatively stable with 60 min normoxia (53±2%). Simulated I/R reduced cardiomyocyte viability (9±3%), whereas it was better preserved with ivabradine (27±2%, p=0.026 versus I/R). Preliminary data indicate a reduction of ischemia‐induced ROS formation (3.1±0.4 a.u.) by ivabradine (2.0±0.4 a.u.).ConclusionIvabradine improves ventricular cardiomyocyte viability during simulated I/R, possibly by reduction of ROS formation.