bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional InISAR imaging method for noncooperative targets based on respective LvD transformation and iterative Doppler focussing
Authors: Li Yu , Zhang Yunhua , Dong Xiao 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInterferometric inverse synthetic aperture radar (InISAR) is an usually adopted approach for three‐dimensional (3D) imaging of noncooperative target with a real or equivalent turntable motion. In practice, the Doppler frequency of non‐cooperative target usually vary nonlinearly, especially when the rotational velocity of the target is fast or the imaging time is relatively long, the azimuth echoes of the target often contain quadratic phase terms. In this case, if we do not compensate the nonlinear phase terms contained in the echoes, the ISAR image will be defocused and then the 3D imaging quality will be degraded. Aiming at solving this problem, a new 3D InISAR imaging method based on respective Lv's distribution transformation and iterative Doppler focussing (RLvDT‐IDF) is proposed in this paper. The major contributions of the proposed approach are as follows: (1) the echo of a range cell which can be treated as the superposition of a series of linear frequency modulation signals (LFMs) is processed by LvDT to specify the chirp rates (CRs) of these LFMs. The CRs are used to construct phase functions so as to remove the quadratic phase term contained in the echo by the IDF method; (2) Considering that the CRs within a range cell received by different channels are relatively different, so different ISAR images are focussed by respective LvDT‐IDF (RLvDT‐IDF), so all the well‐focussed ISAR images can be obtained, which help to improve the accuracy of the image registration and scatterer extraction; (3) Considering that the phase information from the well‐focussed ISAR images may have different errors by the RLvDT‐IDF processing and the unfocused ISAR images contain the complete phase information, so they are used instead of the well‐focussed ISAR images to estimate the interferometric phases of the extracted scatterers; (4) Based on the estimated CRs and 3D coordinates, the target's 3D rotation vector is retrieved by minimising the sum of squared residuals. Both simulations and practical experiment are conducted to validate the proposed method.
Semi-automated Tracing of Hamstring Muscle Architecture for B-mode Ultrasound Images
Authors: Cronin Kevin , Delahunt Eamonn , Foley Shane , De Vito Giuseppe , McCarthy Conor , Cournane Sean 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHamstring strains are the most prevalent injury sustained by field-sport athletes. Insufficiencies in the architectural characteristics of the hamstring muscles can heighten an athlete’s risk of incurring a hamstring strain. To evaluate the influence of hamstring muscle architectural characteristics (i. e., fascicle length, pennation angle, muscle thickness) on injury risk, it is necessary to precisely evaluate these characteristics. Considering this, our aim was to develop and evaluate the precision of a novel semi-automated tracing software to measure the architectural characteristics of the biceps femoris long head (the most commonly injured hamstring muscle) in B-mode ultrasound images. We acquired static sonograms of the biceps femoris long head from ten healthy male field-sport athletes. The architectural characteristics (fascicle length, pennation angle, and muscle thickness) of participants’ biceps femoris long head were evaluated 10 times using the tracing software, with the specific purpose of determining its measurement precision. The tracing software precisely measured the architectural characteristics of the participants’ biceps femoris long head: fascicle length (% CV: 0.64–1.12), pennation angle (% CV: 2.58–10.70), muscle thickness (% CV: 0.48–2.04) Our semi-automated skeletal muscle tracing algorithm precisely measures fascicle length, pennation angles, and muscle thickness of the biceps femoris long head in static B-mode ultrasound images.
Lachesis mutus and Calendula officinalis Q in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Treatment–Two Case Reports
Authors: Muraleedharan K. C. , Prakash Pooja 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers and its complications are to be dealt cautiously in general medical practice. Most cases of diabetes mellitus have multiple comorbidities which add more difficulty in ulcer management. The chances of complete wound healing are low even after amputation, which may be required in >15% of patients with diabetic ulcer. Furthermore, it leaves behind mental, physical and financial burden to people. In this case report, two cases of diabetic foot ulcers are presented, one with bipolar affective disorder and the other one with his toes amputated, which were treated with homoeopathic medicines Lachesis mutus and Calendula officinalis Q along with standard care in an inpatient department facility. It shows the effectiveness of homoeopathy in managing such challenging cases without complication.
Perilunate Lesions – Clinical and Radiological Results with a Minimum of 2 Years of Follow-up
Authors: Ribeiro Elisabete , Oliveira Nuno , Ribeiro Juvenália , Varanda Pedro , Rodrigues Luis Filipe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPerilunate injuries are complex and rare lesions with circumferential carpal bones, ligamentous and cartilage involvement. Despite optimal surgical treatment, poor prognosis is expected and usually gets worse over time. Our aim was to address clinical and radiological outcomes after 2 years of follow-up. Seven wrists were revised with average age of 35.59 ± 14.01 (range 21–56) years old and mean follow-up of 44.10 ± 14.24 (range 25.60–68.63) months. At the latest follow-up, mean postoperative VAS score for pain was 2.71 ± 3.40 and DASH score was 10.48 ± 10.54. Patients returned to work in 5.00 ± 3.15 months. Strength and Range of Motion (ROM) parameters were ∼80% of the contralateral side, with exception for extension (61%) and radial deviation (73%). After 2 years of follow-up, radiographic arthrosis was observed in 29% of the cases. One of these patients was symptomatic and was proposed for arthrodesis. Mean carpal height was 1.51 ± 0.81 and scapholunate angle was 41.58 ± 22.82°. A correlation was observed between arthritis found at final follow-up and grip (r = −0.8660; p < 0.001) and pinch strength (r = −0.8885; p < 0.001). In conclusion, despite characteristic guarded prognosis, efforts to perform a prompt and adequate treatment are helpful. Clinical and radiological outcomes may not be related. Thus, it is of main importance to understand patients' perception of their sequelae.
Multiligamentous Knee Injuries: Current Concepts Review
Authors: Holloway Calvin , Rizzi Andrew , Dickherber Jason , Athiviraham Aravind 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultiligamentous knee injuries (MLKI) are rare but devastating injuries that have a potential to cause long-term sequelae and significant morbidity. Frequently occurring concomitantly with knee dislocations (KD), MLKI have many risk factors that influence their incidence and treatment outcomes. Proper understanding of these risk factors can assist the surgeon with evaluation, surgical planning, and managing patient expectations both pre- and postoperatively. The purpose of this review is fourfold: (1) identify the risk factors and injuries associated with MLKI, (2) describe factors implicated in the treatment of MLKI, (3) report the effect of these risk factors on outcomes of MLKI, and (4) provide a brief insight into MLKI at our tertiary referral academic care center. This was a retrospective review of literature relevant to MLKI. Studies that described injuries, risk factors, treatment techniques, or outcomes associated with MLKI were included in our review. A total of 35 studies (consisting of level 3 and 4 evidence) published between 2009 and 2020 were found and included in our analysis. In addition, 25 patients who underwent treatment for MLKI at the University of Chicago Medical Center between December 2015 and December 2019 were included in our analysis. MLKI tend to occur in the younger male population. Increasing age, body mass index, and severity of the injury have been correlated with worse functional and patient-reported outcomes. Operative treatment is indicated for MLKI; however, timing and repair versus reconstruction is still debated, and is often decided on a patient by patient basis. Retrospective cohort studies have indicated that reconstruction may be favored; however, further more rigorous studies are needed to better characterize this finding. MLKIs are devastating injuries with significant variability in presentation, treatment, and outcome. Variations in these are largely attributable to the mechanism and severity of injury, timing, and surgeon preference. A holistic approach, and understanding of the present literature, is required to best optimize patient outcome.
Thrombophilia, Inflammation, and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: A Case-Based Review
Authors: Grandone Elvira , Piazza Gregory 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is defined as the loss of two or more pregnancies and is often multifactorial with the majority of miscarriages being due to aneuploidy and anatomic or physiological abnormalities. However, inherited or acquired thrombophilias have also been associated with RPL, albeit inconsistently. While inherited thrombophilias, such as factor V Leiden and prothrombin gene mutation, are relatively prevalent in women with RPL compared with the general population, a causal link has yet to be definitively established. Recently, systemic inflammation, as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, has also been hypothesized to play a role in infertility. Based on limited prospective trial data, antithrombotic therapy and antiplatelet agents have been proposed as possible tools for the prevention of RPL. Because of the multifactorial nature of RPL and infertility, various clinicians, as obstetricians and gynecologists, endocrinologists, hematologists, or vascular medicine specialists, may be requested to counsel these women. This, together with evidence gaps, frequently leads to distinctly different diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations, especially regarding thrombophilia testing and treatment. Using four case vignettes in this review, we critically appraise the literature and highlight how two clinicians from different subspecialties approach the relationship between RPL, inflammation, and thrombophilia.
Development of audiovisual integration in children with cochlear implant within 18 months of implantation
Authors: Benny Tessa , Sasidharan Megha 
Published: July 2021

Objective
The main objective of the study was to investigate the development of audiovisual integration in children with cochlear implant (CI) within 18 months of implantation.

Method
The development of audiovisual integration was assessed in 37 cochlear implant recipients between the age of 3–7 years. They were divided into three groups based on their implant age. The groups were as follows, Group 1 consisted of 10 participants with an implant age of 0–6 months, Group 2 consisted of 15 participants with an implant age of 7–12 months and Group 3 consisted of 12 participants with an implant age of 13–18 months.

Result
The scores showed that as the implant age increases there is a gradual increase in the perception of auditory alone, audiovisual congruent and incongruent tokens. However, the participants did not have consistent fusion responses (McGurk response).

Conclusion
The findings from the study suggest that the development of bimodal fusion responses to incongruent tokens is still progressing with implant age.
Online LSSVM model to predict temperatures of furnace system in Chinese Space Station
Authors: Huang Z.Y. , Yu Q. , Li G.H. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Crystal growth furnace is the platform of material melting experiment in space station. The precision of the temperature controller of the furnace determines whether the experiment is successful or not. Generally, system identification contributes to the design of a better controller. However, many identification methods are only effective with large datasets and cannot track the changing features of the system characteristics when the environment changes. In this article, we present an online method to identify the time-varying and large time delay furnace system. Inspired by clustering theory, to track the latest characteristics of the system, the training set is dynamically updated based on sample similarities. Grid search and grey wolf optimizer are used respectively for hyperparameter optimization in a two-phase tuning process. The presented identification method is validated using Tiangong-2 furnace data set. The results show the established recursive least-squares SVMs can successfully predict the temperatures of the furnace with different experiment environment.
Structural and dielectric properties of Pb (Zr 0.52Ti 0.48)1-3x/4Fe x O3 ceramics at 0⩽x⩽0.20 prepared by sol-gel method
Authors: Malika Ahabboud , Amarass M , Ahjyaje F Z , Abdi F , Lamcharfi T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, the Pb (Zr 0.52Ti 0.48)1-3x/4Fe x O3 (x=0.0; 0.025; 0.05; 0.075; 0.10; 0.15; 0.20) ceramics were synthesized by using the sol-gel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, was used to reach the structural properties of the studied compounds. The XRD patterns registered at room temperature revealed the phase formation of the samples which was confirmed by the Rietveld refinement method which suggests the formation of mixed tetragonal and rhombohedral phases. Raman spectra show that when iron content increases, the intensity of Raman peaks of pure PZT increases. The dielectric properties of Pb (Zr 0.52Ti 0.48)1-3x/4Fe x (PZTFx) materials as a function of temperature are studied and displayed a resonance phenomenon for all samples which is moved to the higher frequencies combined with a decrease in dielectric constant when Fe concentration increase. The variation of the dielectric constant as a function of temperature at low frequencies reveals a shifting of the transition temperature to the lower temperature.
Low temperature treatment and structural characterization of Na 2M2Fe(PO4)3 (M= Mn or Ni) Alluaudite phases
Authors: Bouftila Nour El Hoda , Naji Mohamed , Ababou Yahya , Rjeb Abdelilah , Sayouri Salaheddine 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Materials for sodium intercalation were recently considered as attractive potential cathode materials for Na-ion Batteries. Amongst others, Alluaudite phases have shown interesting electrochemical properties. Thanks to their structure which consists of a three-dimensional framework of octahedra and tetrahedra sharing corners and/or edges, giving rise to two types of 1D tunnels where the Na+ ions can be intercalated. As first attempt to optimize the electrochemical performances of two alluadiates phases used as cathode materials, namely, Na2Mn2Fe(PO4)3 and Na2Ni2Fe(PO4)3, we have prepared these compounds by co-precipitation method with controlled nanometric size and low calcination temperature of 700°C and 750°C respectively. The structure of both samples obtained at different calcination temperatures were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction. The experimental results show the purity of Na2Mn2Fe(PO4)3 and Na2Ni2Fe(PO4)3 phases as well as the high crystallinity while maintaining low particle size and low calcination temperatures, namely less than 100 - 150°C difference.
Diffuse and relaxor phase transitions of Ba 0.95Bi 0.05Ti 1-xFe xO3 ceramics at x=0.00 to 1.00 of Fe content, prepared by solid state method
Authors: Najwa GOUITAA , Taj-dine LAMCHARFI , Farid ABDI , Nor-Said ECHATOUI , Mustapha AMARASS 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The dielectric properties of iron and bismuth co-substituted BaTiO3 ceramic with the formula: Ba 0.95Bi 0.05Ti 1-xFe xO3 (BBTFx) for x=0.00 to 1.00, synthesis with solid state route, were characterized. The results of dielectric permittivity dependence of temperature show three dielectric phase transitions from a rhombohedral ferroelectric to orthorhombic ferroelectric (TR-O) then to a tetragonal ferroelectric phase (at TO-T), and finally to cubic paraelectric at the Curie temperature (Tc). Calculating the relaxation parameters of ΔTrelax and the dispersion factor ΔƐ’r,max/ Ɛ’r,max, we have found that all the ceramics present a relaxation and a dispersion phenomenon. And the phase transition TO-T for x = 0.00 has the highest value of ΔTrelax while the dispersion factor has the highest value for the phase transition Tm at x = 0.60. The diffuseness parameter γ refined from Uchino law showed a diffuse phase transition for all the ceramics. While γ has a value close to 1 for TR-O at x = 0.00, which indicate a standard Curie-Weiss law. The dielectric evolution as function of frequency shows a resonance behavior for x=0.00 of Fe content while for the other ceramics we obtained a classical ferroelectric behavior.
Optical absorption study of manganese-doped Na 2O-K 2O-P 2O 5 glasses
Authors: Jerroudi M , Bih L , Haddad M , Saadoune I 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The mixed alkali phosphate glasses with the general formula 49.95[ xNa 2O-(1 -x)K 2O]- 0.1MnO 2-49.95P 2O 5 with x=0-1mol% were prepared and characterized using the optical absorption technique. The optical absorption spectrum of each glass exhibits a single band in the region around 200-400 nm. From the ultraviolet absorption edges, the optical parameters including optical band gap and the Urbach energy were evaluated. It is interesting to note that these optical parameters are composition-dependent. The optical band gap energy (E g) and the Urbach energy (ΔE) show the presence of a maximum and a minimum respectively around the intermediate composition x=0.5. The non-linearity behavior of the composition dependence of Eg and ΔE is a fingerprint of the mixed-alkali effect in the glasses under study.
Structural properties of oil/water microemulsion with surface grafted PEO polymers
Authors: Khatouri M , Ahfir R , Elkhaoui S , Lemaalem M , Talha L , Filali M 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the structural properties of oil/water microemulsions with surface grafted polymers. In particular, we determined the effect of the addition of two kinds of hydrophobically modified polymers, PEO-m with one hydrophobic end and PEO-2m with two hydrophobic extremities. We used Molecular Dynamics simulations with the appropriate interaction potential that considers the VDW interactions, the electrostatic interactions, and the interaction induced by the polymers. Our results showed that the PEO-m introduces a steric repulsive interaction between the microemulsions in the diluted and concentrated systems, respectively, Φ=2.8% and Φ=14%. Thus, PEO-m favorises the stability and dispersion of the microemulsions. Besides, the PEO-2m introduces an attractive interaction between the droplets in the diluted case. Both PEO-2m and PEO-m strengthen the repulsive potential between the microemulsions in the concentrated case.
Experimental technique of defining the elastic modulus of bulk materials in laboratory conditions
Authors: Astakhov Valentyn , Brovko Dmytro , Eremenko Oleksandr 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Defining the elastic modulus of bulk materials is an important issue in quality assurance of design and construction of motorway bases. The analysis of current regulatory framework shows that there are no applicable methods for defining the elastic modulus of loose (bulk) materials in laboratory conditions. Moreover, if new or underinvestigated materials are used for motorway bases, it is necessary either to abandon their use or define their compliance with the regulations after motorway base construction. In view of the latter, an experimental technique and a device for defining the elastic modulus of bulk materials in laboratory conditions are developed. Following this technique, the elastic modulus of 5 mm – 20 mm, 20 mm – 40 mm crushed dump blast furnace and steelmaking slags was defined. Comparison of the obtained results with the recommended design values of the elastic modulus of similar materials shows good convergence (the difference is within 8%). There is no connection between the diameter of a stamp transmitting load to a sample and the specified value of the elastic modulus. Deviations do not exceed 10% for ∅50 mm, ∅120 mm, ∅150 mm stamps.
An analytical solution to the problem of stability loss of the rod under the combined action of concentrated force and dead weight
Authors: Krutii Yu , Bekshaev S , Osadchiy V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The exact solution of the differential equation of buckling of the prismatic column under the combined action of a longitudinal concentrated end force and its own weight is constructed. Formulas are written for the state parameters of the rod, expressed in terms of the initial parameters. For six cases of ideal boundary conditions, finite analytical formulas are obtained that establish the dependence of the critical force on the weight of the rod.
Improvement of mixing technology of concrete mortar components in mixers
Authors: Erofeev M N , Kravchenko I N , Kuznetsov Yu A , Goncharenko V V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Methods of calculations and methods of modeling the mixing of components of construction mixtures are presented. Experimental studies were carried out using a prototype mixer. Compressive strength, workability, and concrete uniformity coefficient in strength were taken as the main defined characteristics of the concrete mixture. On the basis of the conducted researches the dependences for an estimation of design and layout decisions and parameters of work of mixers and technological cycles, and also their influence on quality and structural - rheological properties of ready products have been established. The obtained data confirm the hypothesis about the possibility of improving the quality of concrete mixtures by using a gravity-forced method. It has been established, that application of gravity-forced method of mixing allows to increase concrete strength by 5-10 %, and of mixture uniformity coefficient - by 1.4-2.5 %. At the same time, the duration of concrete mixtures preparation can be reduced by 1.5-2.0 times compared with the known methods.
Determination of the strength of the support sections of concrete beams with BFRP under the action of shear forces
Authors: Karpiuk I , Klymenko Ye , Karpiuk V , Posternak A , Maistrenko O , Tselikova A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In a few foreign codes (ACI, Eurocode 2, JSCE, CSA, CNR), the principles for calculating flexible concrete elements with (BFRP) are preserved the same as for calculating concrete structures with steel reinforcement. Experimental studies have not confirmed these principles, which indicates the relevance of research. Two calculation models are proposed for determining the strength near the support sections of concrete beams with BFRP. The first model considers the calculation of beams with average (a/d=2) and large (a/d=3) shear spans along the main inclined crack, taking into account the experimentally established length of its projection lcrf1, the coefficients ϕख़2, ϕख़3 and ϕख़4 the magnitude of tensile stresses in the transverse fittings. The second computational model provides for the calculation of these beams with small shear spans (a/d<1) along a compressed inclined strip using the experimentally established coefficient kf,. The use of the presented design models provides good convergence (coefficient of variation ν=8%) of the calculated and experimental values of strength near the support sections of concrete beams with BFRP.