bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing stroke burden through a targeted self-management intervention for reducing stroke risk factors in high-risk Ugandans: A protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kaddumukasa Mark , Najjuma Josephine , Mbalinda Scovia Nalugo , Kaddumukasa Martin N. , Nakibuuka Jane , Burant Christopher , Moore Shirley , Blixen Carol , Katabira Elly T. , Sajatovic Martha 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Stroke burden is rapidly increasing globally. Modifiable risk factors offer an opportunity to intervene, and targeting hypertension is a key actionable target for stroke risk reduction in sub-Saharan Africa. This 3-site planned randomized controlled trial builds on promising preliminary data.

Methods
A total of 246 Ugandan adults will be recruited randomized to experimental intervention vs. enhanced treatment control. Intervention participants will receive six weekly group-format stroke risk reduction self-management training sessions, and the controls will receive information on cardiovascular risk. The primary study outcome is systolic B.P. measured at baseline, 13-week, 24 weeks (6 months). Secondary outcomes include other biological and behavioral stroke risk factors.

Discussion
The curriculum-guided self-management TargetEd MAnageMent Intervention (TEAM) program is anticipated to reduce the stroke burden in Uganda.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04685408, registered on 28 December 2020.
Development and evaluation of the digital-screen exposure questionnaire (DSEQ) for young children
Authors: Kaur Nimran , Gupta Madhu , Kiran Tanvi , Malhi Prahbhjot , Grover Sandeep 
Published: June 2021

Background
Over the last three decades, the accessibility and usage of mobile devices have increased among young children. This study’s objective was to develop a validated caregiver-reported digital-screen exposure questionnaire (DSEQ) for children aged 2–5 years.

Methods
DSEQ was developed in five phases. Phase 1, a draft questionnaire was developed by reviewing the literature on existing tools (n = 2) from 2009–2017. Phase 2, face-to-face interviews with primary caregivers (n = 30) were conducted in a tertiary-care-hospital for acculturation. Nine experts assessed the face and content validity of the draft Hindi and English questionnaire. Phase 3, a pilot study conducted among randomly selected families (n = 40) to evaluate the feasibility of DSEQ in field settings. Phase 4, test-retest reliability was done among 30 primary caregivers selected randomly in another urban cluster. Phase 5, the internal consistency of DSEQ was checked by conducting a cross-sectional study among randomly selected 400 primary caregivers in Chandigarh, North India. IBM SPSS Statistics for Macintosh, version 25.0, was for data management and analysis.

Results
A valid DSEQ with 86 items under five domains, including sociodemographic, screen-time exposure and home media environment, level of physical activity, media-related behaviors, and parental perceptions was developed. The pilot study showed that it was feasible to use the DSEQ in the field. DSEQ was reliable with kappa value ranging from 0.52 to 1.0, and intra-class coefficient of 0.62–0.99 (p<0.05). A strong internal consistency was observed for three domains including, screen-time exposure and home media environment (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.82), media-related behaviors (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.74) and physical activity (Cronbach’s alpha 0.73).

Conclusions
The developed DSEQ has good face and content validity and acceptable evidence of internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The DSEQ can be used for measuring digital screen exposure and its correlates among children aged 2 to 5 years.
The Old EnglishLife of Saint Mary of Egyptand London, British Library, Cotton Julius E.vii: A Textual Study
Authors: Magennis Hugh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article highlights the textual distinctiveness of the Old EnglishLife of Saint Mary of Egyptin its manuscript context in British Library, Cotton Julius E.vii. The Cotton Julius version of theLifeis distinctive in the sheer number of scribal errors it contains but also in the purposeful changes to the original translation evident in it. Consideration of scribal performance across the manuscript and comparison with texts ofSaint Mary of Egyptextant elsewhere lead to the conclusion that the purposeful changes in the Cotton Julius witness have probably been inherited from an exemplar, while the number of errors is likely due to the pressure under which the scribe was working in adding this text at a late stage of the manuscript’s composition. Despite its distinctive features, there is no evidence to contradict the recently argued contention that this version ofSaint Mary of Egypt, along with the second half of the immediately preceding item in the manuscript, theLegend of the Seven Sleepers, was copied by the main scribe of Cotton Julius rather than being delegated to a colleague: althoughSeven Sleepersalso seems to have been copied under pressure,Saint Mary of Egyptstands apart from it in broadly the same ways as it does from the rest of the manuscript.
Accumulating Capital: Capital and Ideology after Capital in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Pressman Steven 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Thomas Piketty’s blockbuster Capital in the Twenty-First Century was followed by the publication of Capital and Ideology in early 2020. This paper looks at the differences between the two books, and provides an analysis and a critique of the main advances in the new book. First, Piketty drops r>g as an explanation for rising inequality. Instead, inequality is generated and constrained by economic power supported by an ideology. Second, there is a focus on the political consequences of inequality, including the rise of right-wing populism and the election of people like Donald Trump. Third, there is a new policy proposal-changes in corporate governance that gives labor and government seats on the Board of Directors of public corporations.
Refining the Skill Hypothesis: Replies to Andrews/Westra, Tomasello, Sterelny, and Railton
Authors: Birch Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
I reflect on the commentaries on my ‘skill hypothesis’ from Andrews/Westra, Tomasello, Sterelny, and Railton. I discuss the difference between normative cognition and the broader category of action-guiding representation, and I reflect on the relationship between joint intentionality and normative cognition. I then consider Sterelny and Railton’s variants on the skill hypothesis, which highlight some important areas where future evidence could help us refine the account: the relative importance of on-the-fly skill execution vs. longer-term strategizing, the relative importance of toolmaking vs. collaborative foraging, and the question of whether norms are encoded in control models themselves or in the goals and ideals that our control models help us pursue.
A Study of Within-Host Dynamics of Dengue Infection incorporating both Humoral and Cellular Response with a Time Delay for Production of Antibodies
Authors: Kanumoori Deva Siva Sai Murari , Prakash D Bhanu , Vamsi D. K. K. , Sanjeevi Carani B 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

a. Background: Dengue is an acute illness caused by a virus. The complex behaviour of the virus in human body can be captured using mathematical models. These models helps us to enhance our understanding on the dynamics of the virus.

b. Objectives: We propose to study the dynamics of within-host epidemic model of dengue infection which incorporates both innate immune response and adaptive immune response (Cellular and Humoral). The proposed model also incorporates the time delay for production of antibodies from B cells. We propose to understand the dynamics of the this model using the dynamical systems approach by performing the stability and sensitivity analysis.

c. Methods used: The basic reproduction number (R0) has been computed using the next generation matrix method. The standard stability analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed on the proposed model.

d. Results: The critical level of the antibody recruitment rate(q) was found to be responsible for the existence and stability of various steady states. The stability of endemic state was found to be dependent on time delay(τ). The sensitivity analysis identified the production rate of antibodies (q) to be highly sensitive parameter.

e. Conclusions: The existence and stability conditions for the equilibrium points have been obtained. The threshold value of time delay (τ0) has been computed which is critical for change in stability of the endemic state. Sensitivity analysis was performed to identify the crucial and sensitive parameters of the model.
A class of symmetric and non-symmetric band matrices via binomial coefficients
Authors: Micheal Omojola , Kilic Emrah 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Symmetric matrix classes of bandwidth 2r + 1 was studied in 1972 through binomial coefficients. In this paper, non-symmetric matrix classes with the binomial coefficients are considered where r + s + 1 is the bandwidth, r is the lower bandwidth and s is the upper bandwidth. Main results for inverse, determinants and norm-infinity of inverse are presented. The binomial coefficients are used for the derivation of results.
Improving KKM Theory on General Metric Type Spaces
Authors: Park Sehie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAgeneralized metric type spaceis a generic name for various spaces similar to hyperconvex metric spaces or extensions of them. The purpose of this article is to introduce some KKM theoretic works on generalized metric type spaces and to show that they can be improved according to our abstract convex space theory. Most of these works are chosen on the basis that they can be improved by following our theory. Actually, we introduce abstracts of each work or some contents, and add some comments showing how to improve them.
La nueva era de la revolución organizacional análisis y propuesta para el sector eléctrico industrial
Authors: Daza Perdomo Steven , Sánchez Gutiérrez Eric David , Méndez Pinzón Manuel 
Published: June 2021

El análisis de los procesos administrativos y la estructuración de nuevos modelos en el desarrollo productivo de las organizaciones logra involucrar tanto a las áreas administrativas y de gestión como también las operativas. Por medio de estos procesos se pretende llevar a cabo una serie de mejoras a nivel interno que tienen relación directa con el contexto y necesidades del nivel externo. En este trabajo se implementó el uso de matrices administrativas que permiten estudiar las oportunidades y amenazas, generando un diagnóstico completo el cual permite validar el estado actual de la empresa. A su vez con la intención de promover la implementación de estrategias y el fin de difundir políticas administrativas responsables, se pretende compartir de manera clara y precisa los resultados de una investigación realizada a una empresa del sector eléctrico.
En desarrollo del ejercicio de diagnóstico se recopilaron previamente todos los parámetros necesarios para poder llevar a cabo esta investigación, se buscó toda la información disponible de cada departamento y se analizó el comportamiento del área administrativa, financiera y operativa. Esto permitió establecer el funcionamiento de todos los organismos a partir del diagrama a de flujo donde se estudian los factores internos y externos que intervienen en la operación.
Con el desarrollo de una nueva línea de negocio se busca implementar una herramienta que permita complementar el funcionamiento directo de las actividades primarias, en donde se encuentra la instalación de infraestructuras y redes eléctricas como también el mantenimiento de estas. Se puede establecer un incremento tanto en número de clientes como de los ingresos a partir de la implementación de un modelo sistemático que genera una eficiencia mayor en cada proceso, generando un incremento en los rendimientos financieros y un aumento de sus líneas de negocio.
How China's Response to the Suez Canal Crisis Helped Shape Sino-Egyptian Relations
Authors: Stuart Logan 
Published: June 2021

Gamal Abdel Nasser used his strong response to the 1956 Suez Canal crisis to elevate his political position within Egypt. However, Nasser and Egypt did not respond to European and Israeli aggression alone. World-wide political pressure caused the Suez Canal Crisis to serve as a turning point where French and British global dominance were surpassed by that of the United States and the Soviet Union. However, China also played a substantial role in aiding Egypt. In a recognition of Egypt’s analogical circumstances of ideological struggle versus imperial powers and out of a desire to establish stronger relations in the area, China used their state response to build stronger connections with both Nasser and Egypt. As a result of the Chinese response to the Suez Canal Crisis, the foundations were laid for more positive Chinese-Egyptian relations for the next several decades.
Evaluation of Uncertainties in Site Response Analysis of Deep Soil Profiles in South Carolina Coastal Plain
Authors: Dejphumee Siwadol , Sasanakul Inthuorn 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe South Carolina Coastal Plain consists of deep soil sediments over basement bedrock. The depth of basement bedrock varies from being present at the surface to a depth of more than 1200 m at the southern tip of the state. A large variation exists in the thickness of the sediment, which impacts the seismic site response analyses of the Coastal Plain, particularly in areas where the availability of deep shear-wave velocity profiles is limited. This study evaluates the impact of variations in the shear-wave velocity profiles for two sites in the South Carolina Coastal Plain. The shear-wave velocity profiles were measured using different geophysical methods, including a combined multichannel analysis of surface waves and microtremor array measurement (MASW-MAM) method and P–S suspension logging. The equivalent-linear site response analyses were conducted by applying a synthetic earthquake motion at the depth of the B–C boundary (a depth of competent rock in which the shear-wave velocity is 760 m/s). The results are presented in terms of the amplification factor and its standard deviation. Results show that the average shear-wave velocity at the first 30 m (VS30), the shear-wave velocity contrast at the interface of the base layer and the B–C boundary, and the depth to the B–C boundary have a significant impact on the amplification factor and its variability, particularly for the amplification factor at periods higher than 0.1 s. The MASW-MAM method provided significantly lower VS30 values than the P–S suspension logging method at one of the two sites. Consequently, an additional peak in the amplification factor was observed for the site that had a low VS30, and the corresponding period was close to the resonant period of the loose, surface deposit.
Simplified Criteria to Select Ground Response Analysis Methods for Seismic Building Design: Equivalent Linear versus Nonlinear Approaches
Authors: Aimar Mauro , Foti Sebastiano 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
The possible amplification of seismic waves in soil deposits is crucial for the seismic design of buildings and geotechnical systems. The most common approaches for the numerical simulation of seismic site response are the equivalent linear (EQL) and the nonlinear (NL). Even though their advantages and limitations have been investigated in several studies, the relative field of applicability is still under debate.
This study tested both methods over a wide population of soil models, which were subjected to a set of acceleration time histories recorded from strong earthquakes. A thorough comparison of the results of the EQL and the NL approaches was carried out, to identify the conditions in which the relative differences are significant. This assessment allowed for the definition of simplified criteria to predict when the two schemes are or are not compatible for large expected shaking levels. The proposed criteria are based on simple and intuitive parameters describing the soil deposit and the ground-motion parameters, which can be predicted straightforwardly. Therefore, this study provides a scheme for the choice between the EQL and the NL approaches that can be used even at the preliminary design stages. It appears that the EQL approach provides reliable amplification estimates in soil deposits with thickness up to 30 m, except for very deformable soils, but this depth range may be extended at long vibration periods. This result reveals a good level of reliability of the EQL approach for various soil conditions encountered in common applications, even for high-intensity shaking.
Strong Motions on Land and Ocean Bottom: Comparison of Horizontal PGA, PGV, and 5% Damped Acceleration Response Spectra in Northeast Japan and the Japan Trench Area
Authors: Dhakal Yadab P. , Kunugi Takashi , Suzuki Wataru , Kimura Takeshi , Morikawa Nobuyuki , Aoi Shin 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
A large-scale permanent ocean-bottom seismograph network, named S-net, has been established in the Japan Trench area and consists of 150 observatories equipped with seismometers and tsunamimeters. Most stations at water depths &lt;1500 m were buried to a depth of about 1 m while they were sited freely on the seafloors at greater water depths. To understand the characteristics of strong ground motions on the offshore area, we compared the horizontal vector peak ground accelerations (PGA), peak ground velocities (PGVs), and acceleration response spectra (ARS) between the land and S-net sites for nine earthquakes (5.3≤Mw≤7.1) using ground-motion prediction equations developed for Japan. We found that the observed values of PGAs and short-period (&lt;0.5 s) ARS were generally similar between the land and S-net sites, whereas the PGVs and ARS for the periods longer than 0.5 s were apparently larger at the S-net sites. These results based on data covering a wide area on the seafloors were generally similar to the previous results based on limited ocean-bottom stations. However, analysis of the residuals, within the source-to-site distance of 200 km, revealed that the residual values were smaller in the shallow water region compared to those toward the Japan Trench, which is characterized by proximity to high Qs in the Pacific plate, the presence of thick unconsolidated sediments on the upper crust, and increasing heights of water columns. The difference of station settings in the shallow and deep water regions may also have contributed to the biased distribution of residuals at the short periods. Quantifications of these results are expected to contribute to the predictions of ground motions for earthquake early warning and seismic demand analysis of offshore facilities and await further analysis of a larger data set.
Source Process-Related Delays in Earthquake Early Warning for Example Cases in Greece
Authors: Vavlas Nikolaos , A. Kiratzi Anastasia , Roumelioti Zafeiria 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTWe explore a hypothetical zero-latency earthquake early warning (EEW) system in Greece, aiming to provide alerts before warning thresholds of the intensity of ground motion are exceeded. Within the seismotectonic context of Greece, both shallow- and intermediate-depth earthquakes (along the Hellenic subduction zone) are plausible and, thus, examined. Using regionally applicable attenuation relations, we combine and adjust the methodologies of Minson et al. (2018) and Hoshiba (2020) to examine what are the minimum magnitudes required to invoke the warning thresholds at the user site. With simple modeling, we examine how fast an alert can be issued and what is the available warning time when taking into account delays due to finite-fault rupture propagation, alongside other delays. These computations are merged with delays introduced due to the present-day configuration of the Greek national monitoring network (varying spatial density of permanent monitoring stations). This approach serves as a tool to assess the feasibility of an EEW system at specific sites and to redesign the national permanent monitoring network to serve such a system more effectively (we provide results for four sites.). Warning times for on-land crustal earthquakes are found to be shorter, whereas for intermediate-depth earthquakes in Greece an EEW system is feasible (provides warning times of several tens of seconds at large cities, e.g., on Crete Island) even with the current configuration of the national monitoring network, which is quite sparse in the southern part of the country. The current network configuration also provides sufficient early warning (e.g., of the order of 10 s for a warning threshold of 0.05g) at the center of Athens from earthquakes of the eastern Gulf of Corinth—a zone posing elevated hazard in the broader area of the Greek capital. Several additional assumptions and factors affecting the operability of an EEW system in Greece (i.e., source process complexity and uncertainty in attenuation laws) are also discussed.
Confessional Polyvariance of Christian Apocalyptic: Common and Distinctive Features
Authors: Bardyn Maria 
Published: June 2021

The twentieth century was a time of active expansion of Christian culture throughout the world. The Catholic and some Protestant churches resorted to this. This culture, becoming global, accommodated, and united a large number of cultural and religious minorities. At the same time, promoting its uniqueness, it could not always confirm her identity.
One of the characteristic features of the development of the modern world is an increased scale of events, greater internationalization of social processes, and their tendency to become global. Based on all modern problems, in the sense of their understanding and solution, Christian globalism were formed as a component of the doctrine of Christian denominations, which includes a full range of different concepts and ideas that reflect the typical human problems of modern civilization.
Since Christian eschatology is confessionally multivariate, it makes sense to explore both the characteristics common to all denominations and specific to some of them, as well as to identify transformational models and forms of adaptation of eschatological ideas to today's realities.
The actualization of the problem of moral-ethical and social aspects of Catholic eschatology, Christological-apocalyptic visions of Orthodox eschatological teaching, and the apocalyptic-prophetic character of Protestant eschatology in their transformational manifestations was designed to impart on the paper both theoretical and socio-practical significance.
In Vitro Analysis of Antibacterial Activities of Curry Leaf (Murraya koenigii) Extract Towards Bacteria Edwardsiella tarda
Authors: Syaifurrisal Arif , Prajitno Arief , Fadjar Mohamad , Riyadi Farid Mukhtar , Fauziyyah Annisa Isti 
Published: June 2021

This study analyzed the antibacterial activity of curry leaf extract (Murraya koenigii) on the growth of Edwardsiella tarda bacteria. This study aims to determine the bioactivity and antibacterial effectiveness of M. koenigii leaf extract against the growth of E.tarda bacteria. Inhibition test was carried out by delusion (MIC test) and diffusion (disc test) methods. MIC test used 5 variations of concentration: 1 mg/L, 10 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 500 mg/L and 1,000 mg/L on TSB (Tryptone Soya Broth) media; it was incubated for 24 hours. While the disc test used 5 variations of concentration: 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 300 mg/L, 400 mg/L and 500 mg/L on TSA (Tryptone Soya Agar) media and incubated for 2x24 hours. Chloramphenicol (5 mg/L) was used as a positive control, and distilled water was used as a negative control. M. koenigii leaf extract contains natural bioactive; it was bacteriostatic antibacterial due to bacteria's growth after 48 hours incubation. The highest inhibition diameter of E.tarda was 7,20 mm at a concentration of 500 mg/L after 24 hours incubation. The highest inhibitory effectiveness was at a concentration of 500 mg/L with effectivity 56.3%, while it declined to 46,44% after 48 hours incubation.