bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Split application of nutrients improve growth and yield of Huanglongbing‐affected citrus trees
Authors: Atta Alisheikh A. , Morgan Kelly T. , Mahmoud Kamal A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCitrus production in Florida declined steadily because of Huanglongbing (i.e., HLB, citrus greening) caused by the bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus. The objectives of the study were to determine whether leaf tissue nutrient concentration, tree growth, fruit yield, and juice content were improved with split applications of essential nutrients on selected rootstocks on Florida sandy soils. The treatments were arranged in a split‐split plot design where the nitrogen (N) was fertigated in 20 splits and the Ca + Mg nutrients were also split three times coinciding with the spring, summer, and late summer flush seasons on trees budded on two rootstocks of ‘Hamlin’ citrus trees [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck]. A significant difference in leaf N, calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) concentration were detected between rootstocks when trees received the highest N rate and remained within the optimum range of critical nutrition concentration even with the lowest N rate, suggesting a lower N requirement with split N applications. Yet, leaf Mg concentration remained in the minimum range implying a low soil Mg pool. For Ca, Mg, and Ca + Mg treatments, we recorded 1.41×, 1.23×, and 1.23× and 1.22×, 1.26×, and 1.30× greater tree canopy volumes (TCV) on Cleopatra and Swingle rootstocks, respectively, as compared with control trees. Significantly greater fruit yield was detected for trees budded on Cleopatra rootstocks that received either Ca or Ca + Mg treated trees with 59.7 and 63.0 kg tree–1 as compared with the control trees (36.9 kg tree–1), respectively. A magnitude of 1.14× more average fruit weight than control trees was noted for trees budded on Swingle rootstock in response to Mg nutrition. Therefore, the application of essential nutrients has a positive impact to ameliorate tree growth and nutrient deficiency associated with Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus‐induced problems, thereby improving tree growth and yield.
Evidence of Critical Tunnelling Width in Ensuring Spin Polarized Asymmetric Negative Differential Resistance Feature in Two‐Dimensional g‐C4N3‐graphene‐g‐C4N3
Authors: Bhowmick Rinki , Chattopadhyaya Mausumi , Sen Sabyasachi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe report herein existence of a critical tunnelling width beyond which graphitic tunnelling nanostructures exhibit asymmetric spin polarized negative differential resistance feature. Our theoretical foray quite clearly establishes that even with a simple two‐dimensional tunnelling nanostructure created by an assembly of ferromagnetic graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C4N3) electrodes separated by insulating graphene sheet of variable lengths, there exists a critical tunnelling width at which the system switches from symmetric to asymmetric negative differential resistance feature. Presence of robust spin filer efficiency (100 %) over a wide range of bias variation (−1.0 to +1.0 V) added with negative differential resistance action makes the device with shorter tunnelling width of 22.36 Å and 31. 96 Å potentially useful as multifunctional spintronic device. However, at the critical tunnelling width of 36.69 Å and beyond the forward bias negative differential resistance features completely switches off and same is observed only in reverse bias. This switching action certainly opens up the prospect of logic gates operation in quantum circuits. Results obtained has been explained through transmission spectra, transmission pathways and molecular projected self‐consistent Hamiltonian states analysis. Emergence of asymmetric I−V curve beyond critical tunnelling width has been explained by examining differences in spin injection coefficients.
Hydrophobized Short Peptide Amphiphile Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles as Antibacterial Biomaterials
Authors: Kesharwani Khushboo , Singh Ramesh , Khan Mohd Jahir , Vinayak Vandana , Joshi Khashti Ballabh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn search of new antibacterial agents and therapeutic strategies, during this antibiotic resistance crises, we developed a facile and effective antibacterial nanomaterial by using di‐phenylalanine based hydrophobized short peptide amphiphile (HsPA) and AuNPs. Such peptide amphiphile functionalised nanoparticles can provide a universal platform for medicinal applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties. The nanostructures of sPA and HsPA‐AuNPs hybrids were confirmed by spectroscopic and microscopy techniques. The antibacterial activity of these nanostructures were tested against clinically relevant bacteria such as Escherichia coli and found satisfactory. The HsPA acted as a model drug (Au(III) and AuNPs) delivery agent. Therefore such stimuli responsive, HsPA‐AuNPs system may open new therapeutic paradigms for emerging the theranostics.
The “butterfly effect” in strategic human capital: Mitigating the endogeneity concern about the relationship between turnover and performance
Authors: Stern Ithai , Deng Xin , Chen Guoli , Gao Huasheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryPrior literature on the relationship between the departure of strategic human capital (SHC) and firm performance is equivocal. One source of this ambiguity is the potential endogeneity: Is it the SHC departure that leads to poor firm performance, or is it poor firm performance leading to the SHC departure? We respond to repeated calls to address this issue by using the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan as an exogenous event which triggered a “butterfly effect” that influenced the departure decisions of individuals working for firms near a nuclear plant in the United States but not the firms' performance. Our results provide strong evidence that the departure of SHC undermines firm performance, and that the effect is amplified by the strength of employee–firm relationships.Managerial SummaryThis study shows that Japan's Fukushima nuclear accident prompted an increase in the departure of strategic human capital (SHC) working in firms in close proximity to nuclear plants in the United States. It provides strong empirical evidence that the departure of SHC hurts firm performance and that firms which have a strong relationship with their employees suffer more. These findings suggest a potential downside to cultivating such relationships and highlight the ripple effects of unexpected external events on firm performance.
Test Quality
Authors: Wess Raphael , Klock Heiner , Siller Hans-Stefan , Greefrath Gilbert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGeneral standards in the form of quality criteria can be used in order to assess the quality of an instrument and/or to construct a high-quality test. Three main indicators, the so-called “core quality criteria,” have emerged: objectivity, reliability and validity (e.g. Bühner, 2011; Ebel & Frisbie, 1991; Linn, 2011; Miller, Linn & Grolund, 2009; Rost, 2004). These primary and selected secondary quality criteria (fairness and usability) are examined in more detail in the following using a data set of 349 pre-service teachers for secondary education at several German universities.
Discussion
Authors: Wess Raphael , Klock Heiner , Siller Hans-Stefan , Greefrath Gilbert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe results presented in the preceding sections were primarily aimed at developing a test on professional competence of pre-service teachers specifically for teaching mathematical modelling. In a first step, the theoretical foundations were laid and, based on this, the structure of professional competence used for teaching mathematical modelling was explained. Subsequently, the relevant constructs were operationalised and empirically checked. The results of the analyses presented regarding the test quality are summarised below and are classified in the current state of research to discuss possible explanations for the observed results on this basis. In order to further define the scope of the results, key limits of the test instrument in relation to the present study will be addressed. The book concludes with an outlook, in which possible implications are derived from this study for didactic research as well as for university teacher education.
BPS Wilson loop in $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 superconformal SU(N) “orientifold” gauge theory and weak-strong coupling interpolation
Authors: Beccaria M. , Dunne G. V. , Tseytlin A. A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We consider the expectation value $$ \left\langle \mathcal{W}\right\rangle $$

W

of the circular BPS Wilson loop in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superconformal SU(N) gauge theory containing a vector multiplet coupled to two hypermultiplets in rank-2 symmetric and antisymmetric representations. This theory admits a regular large N expansion, is planar-equivalent to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theory and is expected to be dual to a certain orbifold/orientifold projection of AdS5× S5 superstring theory. On the string theory side $$ \left\langle \mathcal{W}\right\rangle $$

W

is represented by the path integral expanded near the same AdS2 minimal surface as in the maximally supersymmetric case. Following the string theory argument in [5], we suggest that as in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM case and in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 SU(N) × SU(N) superconformal quiver theory discussed in [19], the coefficient of the leading non-planar 1/N2 correction in $$ \left\langle \mathcal{W}\right\rangle $$

W

should have the universal λ3/2 scaling at large ’t Hooft coupling. We confirm this prediction by starting with the localization matrix model representation for $$ \left\langle \mathcal{W}\right\rangle $$

W

. We complement the analytic derivation of the λ3/2 scaling by a numerical high-precision resummation and extrapolation of the weak-coupling expansion using conformal mapping improved Padé analysis.
On the Problem of Choosing Subgroups of Clifford Algebras for Applications in Fundamental Physics
Authors: Wilson Robert Arnott 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClifford algebras are used for constructing spin groups, and are therefore of particular importance in the theory of quantum mechanics. An algebraist’s perspective on the many subgroups and subalgebras of Clifford algebras may suggest ways in which they might be applied more widely to describe the fundamental properties of matter. I do not claim to build a physical theory on top of the fundamental algebra, and my suggestions for possible physical interpretations are indicative only, and may not work. Nevertheless, both the existence of three generations of fermions and the symmetry-breaking of the weak interaction seem to emerge naturally from an extension of the Dirac algebra from complex numbers to quaternions.
Modified autologous fascial sling technique (‘sling on a string’) for stress incontinence
Authors: Asfour Victoria , Nikolopoulos Kostis I. , Digesu Giuseppe Alessandro , Emery Simon , Khan Zainab 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Describe the modified autologous fascial sling procedure that has been employed in the largest randomized controlled trial comparing autologous slings, mesh slings and xenografts.

Methods
The video aims to demonstrate the modified Aldridge technique. The surgical procedure is demonstrated. A 6-cm suprapubic incision is made to harvest the rectus sheath fascia. Loop-0-PDS sutures are attached on either end of the sling. A marking suture is placed in the middle of the graft to facilitate tension-free adjustment. A vaginal incision is made at the mid-urethra. Paraurethral dissection is performed to create a tunnel for the fascial graft to be passed through (in the same manner as with transvaginal mesh slings). The ends of the graft PDS sutures are passed through the paraurethral tunnel. One hand is placed abdominally below the rectus muscles to palpate the pelvic floor from above. The graft sutures are passed through the pelvic floor with control on either side. A cystoscopy is performed to check the bladder integrity. The graft placement is adjusted to be tenson-free. The incisions are closed. The short- and long-term outcomes of this technique have been investigated and published.

Results
The cure rates and complication rates were no different in the mesh and autologous slings. The xenograft had inferior outcomes.

Conclusion
Autologous fascial slings can be used in the surgical management of urodynamic stress incontinence. The technique demonstrated in this video is the technique employed in the largest randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of autologous fascial slings to xenografts and tapes.
Stenotrophomonas strain CPCC 101271, an intestinal lifespan-prolonging bacterium for Caenorhabditis elegans that assists in host resistance to “Bacillus nematocida” colonization
Authors: Han Rui , Wang Yu , Deng Yang , Zhang Yuqin , Zhang Lin , Niu Qiuhong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe soil-dwelling, opportunistic pathogenic bacterium "Bacillus nematocida" B16 exhibits strong killing activities against a variety of pathogenic nematodes via a “Trojan horse” mechanism that can kill worm species like Caenorhabditis elegans. The bacterial strain CPCC 101271 was previously isolated from the intestines of C. elegans that were recovered from natural habitats and can serve as a probiotic for C. elegans, while also assisting in resistance to infection by the pathogenic strain B16. In this study, the lifespan of C. elegans fed with strain CPCC 101271 cells was extended by approximately 40% compared with that of worms fed with Escherichia coli OP50 cells. In addition, the colonization of C. elegans by the pathogenic bacterium "B. nematocida" B16 was inhibited when pre-fed with strain CPCC 101271. Metagenomic sequence analysis of intestinal microbiota of C. elegans fed with strain CPCC 101271 and infected with B16 revealed that pre-feeding worms with CPCC 101271 improved the diversity of the intestinal bacteria. Moreover, community structure significantly varied in coordination with Stenotrophomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. abundances when competition between strains CPCC 101271 and B16 was evaluated. In conclusion, the nematode microbiota strain CPCC 101271 assisted in its host resistance to colonization by the pathogen "Bacillus nematocida" and can also promote life span-prolongation in C. elegans. These results underscore that understanding the interactions between C. elegans microbiota and pathogens can provide new insights into achieving effective biological control of agricultural pests.
Dimerization in Quantum Spin Chains with O(n) Symmetry
Authors: Björnberg Jakob E. , Mühlbacher Peter , Nachtergaele Bruno , Ueltschi Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe consider quantum spins with $$S\ge 1$$

S
≥
1

, and two-body interactions with $$O(2S+1)$$

O
(
2
S
+
1
)

symmetry. We discuss the ground state phase diagram of the one-dimensional system. We give a rigorous proof of dimerization for an open region of the phase diagram, for S sufficiently large. We also prove the existence of a gap for excitations.
Depression and Osteoporosis: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: He Bin , Lyu Qiong , Yin Lifeng , Zhang Muzi , Quan Zhengxue , Ou Yunsheng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObservational studies suggest a link between depression and osteoporosis, but these may be subject to confounding and reverse causality. In this two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, we included the large meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for depression among 807,553 individuals (246,363 cases and 561,190 controls) of European descent, the large meta-analysis to identify genetic variants associated with femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD), forearm BMD (FA-BMD) and lumbar spine BMD (LS-BMD) among 53,236 individuals of European ancestry, and the GWAS summary data of heel BMD (HE-BMD) and fracture among 426,824 individuals of European ancestry. The results revealed that genetic predisposition towards depression showed no causal effect on FA-BMD (beta-estimate: 0.091, 95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.088 to 0.269, SE:0.091, P value = 0.320), FN-BMD (beta-estimate: 0.066, 95% CI − 0.016 to 0.148, SE:0.042, P value = 0.113), LS-BMD (beta-estimate: 0.074, 95% CI − 0.029 to 0.177, SE:0.052, P value = 0.159), HE-BMD (beta-estimate: 0.009, 95% CI − 0.043 to 0.061, SE:0.027, P value = 0.727), or fracture (beta-estimate: 0.008, 95% CI − 0.071 to 0.087, SE:0.041, P value = 0.844). These results were also confirmed by multiple sensitivity analyses. Contrary to the findings of observational studies, our results do not reveal a causal role of depression in osteoporosis or fracture.
Proximal femoral reconstruction with modular megaprostheses in non-oncological patients
Authors: Döring Kevin , Vertesich Klemens , Martelanz Luca , Staats Kevin , Böhler Christoph , Hipfl Christian , Windhager Reinhard , Puchner Stephan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionMultiple revision hip arthroplasties and critical trauma might cause severe bone loss that requires proximal femoral replacement (PFR). The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse complication- and revision-free survivals of patients who received modular megaprostheses in an attempt to reconstruct massive non-neoplastic bone defects of the proximal femur.Questions/purposes(1) What were general complication rates and revision-free survivals following PFR? (2) What is the incidence of complication specific survivals? (3) What were risk factors leading to a diminished PFR survival?Materials and methodsTwenty-eight patients with sufficient follow-up after receiving a modular proximal femoral megaprosthesis were identified. The indications for PFR included prosthetic joint infection (PJI), periprosthetic fracture, aseptic loosening, non-union and critical femoral fracture. Complications were grouped according to the ISOLS-classification of segmental endoprosthetic failure by Henderson et al.ResultsOverall, the complication-free survival was 64.3% at one year, 43.2% at five years and 38.4% at ten years, with 16 patients (57%) suffering at least one complication. Complications were dislocation in eight patients (29%), PJI in 6 patients (21%), periprosthetic fracture in five patients (18%), and aseptic loosening in six patients (21%). Prosthesis stem cementation showed a lower risk for revision in a cox proportional hazard model (95% CI 0.04–0.93, HR 0.2, p = 0.04).ConclusionPFR with modular megaprostheses represents a viable last resort treatment with high complication rates for patients with severe proximal femoral bone loss due to failed arthroplasty or critical fractures. In revision arthroplasty settings, PFR cementation should be advocated in cases of impaired bone quality.
Signal intensity ratio of draining vein on silent MR angiography as an indicator of high-flow arteriovenous shunt in brain arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Wu Chun-Xue , Zang Zhen-Xiang , Hong Tao , Dong Meng-Qi , Shan Yi , Zhao Zhi-Lian , Hou Cheng-Bei , Lu Jie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate whether the signal intensity ratio (rSI) of the draining vein on silent MR angiography is correlated with arteriovenous (A–V) transit time on digital subtraction angiography (DSA), thereby identifying high-flow A–V shunt in brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM), and to analyze whether the rSI and the characteristic of draining veins on silent MRA are associated with hemorrhage presentation.

Methods
Eighty-one draining veins of 46 participants with BAVM (mean age 33.2 ± 16.9 years) who underwent silent MRA and DSA were evaluated retrospectively. The correlation between the rSI of the draining vein on silent MRA and A–V transit time on DSA was examined. The AUC-ROC was obtained to evaluate the performance of the rSI in determining the presence of high-flow A–V shunt. The characteristics of draining veins with the maximum rSI (rSImax) were further compared between the hemorrhagic and non-hemorrhagic untreated BAVM.

Results
The rSI of each draining vein on silent MRA was significantly correlated with A–V transit time from DSA (r = −0.81, p < .001). The AUC-ROC was 0.89 for using the rSI to determine the presence of high-flow A–V shunt. A cut-off rSI value of 1.09 yielded a sensitivity of 82.4% and a specificity of 82.8%. The draining vein with rSImax and no ectasia was significantly more observed in the hemorrhagic group (p = 0.045).

Conclusions
The rSI of the draining vein on silent MRA is significantly correlated with A–V transit time on DSA, and it can be used as an indicator of high-flow A–V shunt in BAVM.

Key Points
• The signal intensity ratio (rSI) of the draining vein on silent MRA significantly correlated with arteriovenous (A–V) transit time of brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) on digital subtraction angiography (DSA).
• The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.89 for using the rSI of draining veins to determine high-flow A–V shunt.
• Draining veins with maximum rSI and no ectasia were significantly more observed in the hemorrhagic group of BAVM (p = 0.045).
Metagenomics: a path to understanding the gut microbiome
Authors: Yen Sandi , Johnson Jethro S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe gut microbiome is a major determinant of host health, yet it is only in the last 2 decades that the advent of next-generation sequencing has enabled it to be studied at a genomic level. Shotgun sequencing is beginning to provide insight into the prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic and viral components of the gut community, revealing not just their taxonomy, but also the functions encoded by their collective metagenome. This revolution in understanding is being driven by continued development of sequencing technologies and in consequence necessitates reciprocal development of computational approaches that can adapt to the evolving nature of sequence datasets. In this review, we provide an overview of current bioinformatic strategies for handling metagenomic sequence data and discuss their strengths and limitations. We then go on to discuss key technological developments that have the potential to once again revolutionise the way we are able to view and hence understand the microbiome.
Hidden structural heterogeneity enhances marine hotspots’ biodiversity
Authors: Kazanidis Georgios , Henry Lea-Anne , Roberts J. Murray 
Published: July 2021

AbstractStudies in terrestrial and shallow-water ecosystems have unravelled the key role of interspecific interactions in enhancing biodiversity, but important knowledge gaps persist for the deep sea. Cold-water coral reefs are hotspots of biodiversity, but the role of interspecific interactions and “habitat cascades” (i.e. positive effects on focal organisms mediated by biogenic habitat formation) in shaping their biodiversity is unknown. Associations between macrofaunal hosts and epifauna were examined in 47 stations at the Mingulay Reef Complex (northeast Atlantic). In total, 101 (group level) and 340 (species level) unique types of facultative associations formed by 43 hosts and 39 epifaunal species were found. Molluscs and empty polychaete tubes had higher values for the type and number of host-epifaunal associations, the Shannon–Wiener (H) and Margalef (d) indices of the epifauna than the rest of the taxonomic groups (p < 0.05). Hosts’ body size, orientation, surface smoothness, and growth form explained a significant amount of variability (32.96%) in epifauna community composition. Epifaunal species richness (S), H and d were 27.4 (± 2.2%), 56.2 (± 2.8%) and 39.9 (± 2.3%) of the respective values for the total sessile communities living on coral framework. This is intriguing as coral framework is orders of magnitude larger than the size of macrofaunal hosts. It is suggested that bivalves, tunicates and empty polychaete tubes increase habitat heterogeneity and enhance biodiversity through “habitat cascades”, in a similar way that epiphytes do in tropical rainforests. Most macrofaunal habitat suppliers in the studied cold-water coral reef are calcified species and likely susceptible to ocean acidification. This indicates that the impacts of climate change on the total biodiversity, structure and health of cold-water coral reefs may potentially be more severe than previously thought.