bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude, and practices towards COVID-19: a cross-sectional study among nursing and midwifery students in Jalingo, Nigeria
Authors: Inegbenosun Hope , Azodo Clement Chinedu , Anionye John Chukudi , Inegbenosun Collins Usunobun , Njoku Obinna Chukwunwike 
Published: February 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection rate and mortality among Nigerian health care workers appear to be on the increase. Aside from health workers, it has caused millions of infections and deaths worldwide. This study determined the level of knowledge, attitude, and practices of nursing and midwifery students towards COVID-19 in a North-Eastern Nigerian state.Methods: A total of 156 respondents were involved in this institutional-based cross-sectional study, conducted after the lockdown period. A total of 17 questions were used to assess the KAP with knowledge appraised with 12 questions, attitudes with 2 questions, and practices with 3 questions.Results: The majority of the students (53.80%) possessed a good level of knowledge regarding COVID-19, while 40.4% had fair knowledge regarding COVID-19 with only 5.80% having poor knowledge of COVID-19. The mean knowledge of COVID-19 in this study was 9.40±1.353 with an overall 78% correct answer rate. A vast majority of the respondent (82.7% and 98.1%) had strong confidence in Nigeria and believed that the pandemic will soon be over, respectively. Only a few avoided large gatherings of people (30.8%) with the vast majority reporting to have worn a mask when going out (84.6%) and washing their hands with running water and soap frequently as recommended (73.1%). In multiple logistic regression analyses, the COVID-19 knowledge score (OR: 0.39-0.40, 95%CI: 0.26 – 0.62, P<0.05) was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of negative preventive practices towards COVID-19.Conclusions: The participants in this study showed good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices toward COVID-19. There is still a need to strategize and implement periodic educational interventions and training on infection control practices among healthcare workers including students.
Exploring knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 amongst the residents in South Africa: a quick online survey
Authors: Wadhwani Gyandas G. , Scott Leanne , Nienhuis Chantelle , Chella Laura , Chadha Aditi , Ferrucci Loretta 
Published: February 2021

Background: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has spread rapidly inviting unprecedented measures globally. Citizen’s adherence to jurisdiction is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards the disease.Methods: A cross-sectional survey study among a convenient sample of the general public aged 18 years or more and resident in South Africa was conducted through a self-designed online KAP survey questionnaire during the first few weeks of the South African lockdown to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices about COVID-19. A p value of <0.05 (two tailed) was taken to be statistically significant.Results: A total of 885 respondents completed the survey, majority of which were females who identified COVID-19 as a challenge to health and society and agreed with the strategy of lockdown for initial control of the spreading epidemic. In spite of the high knowledge scores of the population 31% of the respondents did not choose to wear a mask while leaving home. Also, a large number of respondents believed that early symptomatic treatment can prove useful to manage the infection. A statistically significant p value (<0.05) was obtained for the study variables in the statistical analysis, which showed that high knowledge scores were found to be associated with gender, categories of annual income and ethnicity.Conclusions: This survey shows that South African residents of a relatively high level of socioeconomic status, in particular women, have substantial knowledge, positive attitudes, but need to improve practices towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise phase of the COVID-19 outbreak.
Comparative study of fluticasone propionate combined with azelastine versus fluticasone propionate alone as nasal spray in allergic rhinitis
Authors: C. Dhanush H. , Malashetti Santosh , H. Chandrashekharayya S. , Khavasi Prabhu 
Published: February 2021

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a symptomatic disorder of the nose induced after allergen exposure due to an IgE-mediated inflammation of membranes lining the nose. Allergic rhinitis is subdivided into intermittent (IAR) or persistent (PER) disease and the severity into mild or moderate/severe. The most widely used and effective medications to treat allergic rhinitis are oral or topical antihistamines and topical nasal steroids.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective case series study included 80 patients of PER divided randomly in to 2 groups of 40 each with group 1 receiving fluticasone propionate and azelastine and group 2 receiving fluticasone propionate alone. Individual symptom scores and total symptom score (TSS) were recorded before treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><strong> </strong>The difference in mean TSS before and after 4 weeks study period were statistically significant in both groups (p&lt;0.01 in both). Group 1 had TSS of 1.525±1.06 and group 2 had TSS of 3.275±1.75 after 4 weeks of treatment and the difference between them was statistically significant (p&lt;0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In allergic rhinitis, both fluticasone propionate + azelastine nasal spray and fluticasone propionate nasal spray are effective in relieving symptoms. But, fluticasone propionate and azelastine has significant reduction of symptoms when compared with fluticasone propionate alone.</p>
Reflection on the Short Video’s Algorithm-based Communication in the Age of Post-truth
Authors: Zhao Boyu 
Published: February 2021

<p>Combining the characteristics of post-truth era <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">with</span> short video’s form, this article has made a new understanding of Walter Lippmann’s “pseudo-environment”. This author reconsiders the short video based on algorithm communication. In order to reduce the political risk of the algorithm, it is necessary to give full play to the advantages of the algorithm, improve the recommendation mechanism of the recommendation algorithm and take the algorithm as the fourth gatekeeper to check the information, according to the operation mechanism from the platform’<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">s</span> point of view.</p>
Industrial education competencies: Valuing students stakeholder’s role in the academe
Authors: Celarta Cristina B. , Esponilla II Francisco D. 
Published: February 2021

Over the years, the Technological University of the Philippines sustains the rank as a highly performing State University in the Philippines in terms of the employability of the graduate students. This qualitative research aimed to explore the relevance of competencies of the graduates of Industrial Education from the school year 2013 to 2017. Convenience sampling techniques were employed in the selection of the respondents. A validated survey questionnaire was utilised to investigate the necessary educational competencies and their relevance to the current labour market. The gathered data were treated statistically using frequency counts, percentage, mean and ranking. Results revealed the relevance of the educational competencies to the current industrial curricula and the importance of academic–industry stakeholders. Hence, the results of the study can be utilised as a basis for the enhancement of collaboration among the academic-industry stakeholders and curriculum development in the aspect of the knowledge-based and competency-based academic performance for productivity.

Keywords: Academic–industry stakeholders, collaboration, curriculum development, educational competency, industry competency.
Intergenerational service-learning, sustainability, and university social responsibility: A pilot study
Authors: Arcos - Alonso Asier , Elías - Ortega Ángel , Arcos - Alonso Ander 
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a study of university social responsibility (USR), carried out through an innovative educational action. The students of the studied classrooms in the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) collaborated with a social entity Emmaus Social Foundation dedicated to environmental sustainability, social justice and the social and solidarity economy to provide community services through a service-learning methodology. Using a mixed method approach, we combined the practical experience of the social entity with an active student-centred teaching methodology in order to foster the acquisition of general and specific competencies related to sustainability and social justice. The aim was to create learning connections between members of the university community and links with the environmental and social reality of the Basque Country. This pilot study was carried out in the first term of the 2018–2019 academic year. This work allowed (a) critical knowledge to be generated by incorporating and hybridising discussion elements of social justice, such as sustainability; (b) intergenerational participation processes to be generated between elders, university students and social organisations in order to acquire general and specific learning competencies and (c) social and environmental needs to be addressed through community services.

Keywords: Higher education, intergenerational learning, service-learning, teaching innovation, university social responsibility.
Career decision-making amongst high school learners: A descriptive-exploratory study from South Africa
Authors: Chinyamurindi Willie Tafadzwa , Hlatywayo Clifford Kendrick , Mhlanga Tatenda Shaleen , Marange Chioneso Show , Chikungwa-Everson Tarisai 
Published: February 2021

The study examined factors influencing career decisions using a sample of high school learners in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. A mixed-method approach was utilised. In the quantitative phase of the study, a sample of 536 high school learners in South Africa filled out the Career Interest Inventory (Fisher & Stafford, 1999) in understanding factors that influence career decisions. Phase two sought to understand qualitatively how the identified factors from phase one influence the enactment of career decisions using focus groups with 60 learners drawn from the sample in phase one. Results from phase one showed that learners' career decisions were highly influenced by academic experiences and self-efficacy, parents, teachers, and peers, respectively. Learners perceived ethnic-gender expectations and negative social events as having low levels of influence when making career decisions. Female learners are significantly more highly influenced by parents, teachers, academic experiences, and self-efficacy than their male counterparts. Findings also reveal not only the complexity but also the sense-making that occurs when making career decisions. Implications are made based on these findings.

Keywords: Career counselling, career decisions, career development, high school learners;
Problem-based learning and other active methodologies as support for distance teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Alonso Asier Arcos , Arcos - Alonso Ander 
Published: February 2021

This manuscript presents an innovative experience in the teaching–learning process with three objectives. The first is to incorporate the principles and values of social justice, reciprocity and solidarity in the subject ‘Statistics Applied to Business’ in the bachelor’s degree in Business Administration and Management at the University of the Basque Country. The second objective addresses how to apply active methodologies in the teaching of economics and business from a competency-based approach in order to investigate its impact. The third one, on the other hand, tries to explore how to provide students with active distance learning tools to improve and guarantee the quality of the teaching–learning process. The results of the experience demonstrate the potential of technical subjects for the development of transversal competencies and the capacity of students to design and solve complex problems with creativity and knowledge of social and labour realities. Likewise, greater motivation, better knowledge acquisition and appropriation of the work by the students are also detected. Finally, this article shows the potential of methodologies that involve the combined responsibility of students and teachers in the generation of knowledge that favours a professional development that is permeable and sensitive to the changes occurring in the social and labour world.

Keywords: Problem-based learning, distance teaching, pandemic, teaching innovation
Peculiarities of distance learning in higher education: The teacher’s functions as a chat communication organizer
Authors: Maleko Elena V. , Kiva-Khamzina Yuliya L. , Rubanova Natal'ya A. , Каrpova Elena V. , Plugina Natalya A. , Trutnev Alexey Yu. 
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this article is to define the functions of the teacher as the organizer of chat communication, which has become one of the foundations of Internet communication. The leading method for the study of this problem is the method of situational modeling, which allows considering chat-communication as a process of new social interaction, requiring the leading role of the teacher-organizer, ensuring the maximum involvement of all participants-communicators in this process in order to assimilate new knowledge by the perceiver (learners). This article presents new methodological methods of teacher's work within the framework of chat-communication, defines the important functions of a teacher, who communicates knowledge in the changed socio-cultural environment. The presented methodological material is designed to help teachers of higher education to use chat-communication as a new channel of knowledge transfer from a teacher to a student to adapt to the new communicative realities, to give awareness of the continuity of the educational process, even in a situation of significant changes in conditions of its implementation.

Keywords: distance learning, higher education, internet communication, chatting, teacher functions
Promoting Evidence-based Veterinary Medicine through the online resource ‘EBVM Learning’: User feedback
Authors: Sellers Ellie , Baillie Sarah , Dean Rachel , Warman Sheena , Janicke Heidi , Arlt Sebastian P , Boulton Clare , Brennan Marnie , Brodbelt David , Brown Fiona , Buckley Louise , Du Myai , Gallop Emma , Goran George , Grindlay Douglas JC , Haddock Laura , Ireland Joanne , McGowan Catherine , Moberly Heather K , Place Emma , Rahman Md Mizanur , Rees Gwen , Reyher Kristen , Sanchez Javier , Schoeman Johan P , Urdes Laura , VanLeeuwen John , Verheyen Kristien 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
‘EBVM Learning’ is a freely available resource created in 2015 by an international team with the support of RCVS Knowledge. The resource comprises a series of online modules teaching the fundamental concepts of evidence-based veterinary medicine (EBVM) (Ask, Acquire, Appraise, Apply & Assess) supported by case studies, exercises, worked examples and quizzes. The aim of the current study (undertaken in 2019) was to review ‘EBVM Learning’ to ensure its ongoing relevance and usefulness to the range of learners engaged in EBVM. Feedback was gathered from stakeholder groups using website statistics and feedback forms, a survey and semi-structured interviews to provide a combination of quantitative and qualitative data.
Website statistics revealed an international audience and a steady increase in visitors exceeding 1,000 per month in August 2020. Feedback via the online form (n=35) and survey (n=71) indicated that the resource was well structured, with an appropriate level and amount of content, useful examples and quizzes and the majority of respondents would use it again. Semi-structured interviews of educators (n=5) and veterinarians (n=8) identified three themes: features of the ‘EBVM Learning’ resource (strengths, suggestions for improvement), embedding the resource in education (undergraduate, postgraduate) and promoting EBVM (challenges, motivation for engagement). At a project team workshop the results were used to plan updates to the existing content and to identify new ways to promote learning and engagement. An updated version of ‘EBVM Learning’ was developed.
‘EBVM Learning’ is helping to produce the next generation of evidence-based practitioners and enabling to engage in the concepts of EBVM as part of their clinical practice.
Different Types of Theories by Level of Abstraction in Nursing: A Discussion Paper
Authors: Im Eun-Ok 
Published: February 2021

Background and PurposeDespite different labels used to refer to different types of nursing theories by different authors, agreements were made on three major types of theories by level of abstraction. The purpose of this analysis was to discuss the characteristics of the three major types of nursing theories by level of abstraction that were published in refereed journals and to propose directions for future theoretical development in nursing.MethodsAn integrated literature review was conducted using PUBMED, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. A total of 116 articles were included in this analysis. The retrieved articles were sorted by the type of theories (by level of abstraction), and analyzed in terms of scope, theorizing process, specificity and abstraction, contextual understanding, links to research and practice, and diversity and generalizability. Finally, themes reflecting the characteristics of the three major types of nursing theories were extracted and discussed.ResultsA total of 17 themes were found. Although most of the themes reflected what were known about these theories, there were three new findings. First, all the grand theories that were reviewed tended to have more specific foci rather than explaining general nature, mission, or goals of nursing. Second, middle-range theories were developed based on various types/levels of theories using various sources for theorizing. Third, situation-specific theories began to be used to generate propositions and tested through statistical and qualitative analyses.Implications for PracticeThe efforts to try to link nursing theories to nursing practice need to be continued through further development and evaluation of the theories regardless of the types of theories.
Osteoporosis
Authors: Anderson Paul A. , Freedman Brett A. , Brox W. Timothy , Shaffer William O. 
Published: February 2021

➤ Osteoporosis is common in orthopaedic patients, not only in those sustaining fragility fractures but also in patients ≥50 years old who are having elective orthopaedic surgery.➤ The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) has developed consensus-based recommendations for secondary fracture prevention for all patients who are ≥65 years old with a hip or spine fracture.➤ The ASBMR encourages orthopaedic surgeons to “Own the Bone,” by beginning prevention of a secondary fracture during hospitalization for a fragility fracture, if practicable, and arranging follow-up for continued bone health care after discharge.➤ The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) recognized that many poor outcomes and complications of elective orthopaedic surgery are related to osteoporosis.➤ The ISCD used an evidence-based approach to create official positions to identify which patients ≥50 years old who are having elective orthopaedic surgery should undergo assessment of bone health and how this should be performed.
Determination of Sulfacetamide Sodium in Pure and Their Pharmaceutical Formulations by Using Cloud Point Extraction Method
Authors: Alaallah Nisreen jassam , Dhahir Saadiyah Ahmad , Ali Hameed Hussein 
Published: February 2021

In this study, simple, low cost, precise and speed spectrophotometric methods development for evaluation of sulfacetamide sodium are described. The primary approach contains conversion of sulfacetamide sodium to diazonium salt followed by a reaction with p-cresol as a reagent in the alkaline media. The colored product has an orange colour with absorbance at λmax 450 nm. At the concentration range of (5.0-100 µg.mL-1), the Beer̆ s Low is obeyed with correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9996), limit of detection as 0.2142 µg.mL-1, limit of quantification as 0.707 µg.mL-1 and molar absorptivity as 1488.249 L.mol-1.cm-1. The other approach, cloud point extraction was utilized to an estimation of a trace amount of the colored product in the previous procedure followed by a measuring process with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The linearity of the calibration graph was above the range of (1.0-60 µg.mL-1), the correlation coefficient (R2= 0.9991) and molar absorptivity was 7417.622 L.mol-1.cm-1. The detection limit(LOD) and quantification limit(LOQ) were based to be 0.070 and 0.231 µg.mL-1 , respectively. This approach was successfully employed for sulfacetamide sodium detection within the pure and pharmaceutical formulation.
An Efficient Image Encryption Using a Dynamic, Nonlinear and Secret Diffusion Scheme
Authors: RIMANI Rachid , SAID Naima HADJ , PACHA Adda ALI , RAMOS Juan Antonio López 
Published: February 2021

The growing use of tele
This paper presents a new secret diffusion scheme called Round Key Permutation (RKP) based on the nonlinear, dynamic and pseudorandom permutation for encrypting images by block, since images are considered particular data because of their size and their information, which are two-dimensional nature and characterized by high redundancy and strong correlation. Firstly, the permutation table is calculated according to the master key and sub-keys. Secondly, scrambling pixels for each block to be encrypted will be done according the permutation table. Thereafter the AES encryption algorithm is used in the proposed cryptosystem by replacing the linear permutation of ShiftRows step with the nonlinear and secret permutation of RKP scheme; this change makes the encryption system depend on the secret key and allows both to respect the second Shannon’s theory and the Kerckhoff principle. Security analysis of cryptosystem demonstrates that the proposed diffusion scheme of RKP enhances the fortress of encryption algorithm, as can be observed in the entropy and other obtained values.
communications implementing electronic transfers of personal data, require reliable techniques and secure. In fact, the use of a communication network exposes exchanges to certain risks, which require the existence of adequate security measures. The data encryption is often the only effective way to meet these requirements. This paper present a cryptosystem by block for encrypting images, as images are considered particular data because of their size and their information, which are two dimensional nature and characterized by high redundancy and strong correlation. In this cryptosystem, we used a new dynamic diffusion technique called round key permutation, which consists to permute pixels of each bloc in a manner nonlinear, dynamic and random using permutation table calculated according to the master key and sub-keys. We use thereafter the AES encryption algorithm in our cryptosystem by replacing the linear permutation of ShiftRows with round key permutation technique; this changing makes the encryption scheme depend on encryption key. Security analysis of cryptosystem demonstrate that the modification made on using the proposed technique of Round Key Permutation enhances the fortress of encryption algorithm, as can be observed in the entropy and other obtained values.