bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal analysis of the transmission torque in a slotted axial eddy-current magnetic coupling
Authors: Kenne Telezing Boris Joel , Jinxing Liu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of heat on torque transmission in a slotted eddy-current axial magnetic coupling and to enhance its efficiency. A magnetic equivalent circuit model (MEC) is introduced to formulate the theoretical equations for magnetic flux and electromagnetic torque of a slotted eddy current coupling (SEC) via two-dimensional (2D) finite element analysis. To improve the precision of the analytical model based on the MEC, the reluctance of both the primary and secondary back irons has been considered. Establishing a calculating method for the copper slotted conductor disc enables the derivation of equations for the magnetic field, eddy currents, torque transfer, and heat dissipation. A practical and efficient system for thermal calculations is employed to ascertain the temperature increase, considering various modes of heat transmission. The magnetic equivalent circuit model incorporates the induced flux, which is a leaking flux branch, produced by the induced current. To study its functionality, we built a three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) of SEC and run simulations. We considered the effects of temperature on many critical parameters in order to accurately regulate the torque transmission. The findings obtained with the suggested model in low slip speeds and tiny air gaps are in good agreement with the experimental results under normal operation.&#xD;
Energy distribution and collective behaviour in neurons and regular lattice neural networks
Authors: Qin Huixin , Liu Biao , Song Xinlin , Xu Ying 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The influence of external stimulus currents on the propagation of neural energy is a significant domain in neuroscience research. Appropriate external stimulus currents can activate neurons and trigger action potentials. Within neural networks, these currents can either facilitate or inhibit the synchronization between neurons. Elucidating these effects is crucial for understanding brain function and for the design of neural network models. This study, which is based on the Hindmarsh–Rose (HR) model, investigates the impact of external stimulus currents and noise on the variation in the neural energy distribution. First, energy changes in a single neuron under different external stimulus currents were observed, and the results indicated that the average energy of the neuron gradually decreased as the stimulus current increased. Additionally, suitable noise can promote the progress of the adaptive parameter towards the stable state. Furthermore, the study analysed the relationship between the external stimulus current, noise, and the firing behaviour of regular neural networks, and the results revealed that as the external stimulus current increases, the network state transitions from a resting state with noise disturbance to the target wave. However, when the external stimulus current becomes too large, the network state reverts to a disordered state. Moreover, high noise can suppress the generation of the target wave, and the energy distribution of the network is also discussed. This transition is highly important for comprehending how the brain switches between different activity states.
Nonlinear evolution of a one dimensional cold non-relativistic electron-ion plasma with an arbitrary initial density profile: a phase mixing perspective
Authors: Bag Subhasish , Saxena Vikrant 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Using a perturbative approach, an evolution equation for the space charge density, correct up to the third order in density perturbation, is deduced for arbitrary initial density profiles of the electron and ion fluids in a cold, nonrelativistic plasma. The one dimensional evolution equation is solved to reproduce known results pertaining to the phase mixing time in the immobile ion limit as well as in the case of mobile ions, for a homogeneous plasma as well as for a plasma with a periodic inhomogeneity. The case of non-periodic plasma inhomogeneity, as in a finite-size plasma, is also discussed, and some insights are given which are well supported by fluid simulation observations.
ITk pixel system test of the ATLAS experiment
Authors: Chubinidze Zaza ,   the ATLAS collaboration
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The ATLAS experiment is preparing for the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) upgrade, which will require the substitution of the current Inner Detector (ID) with a new all-silicon Inner Tracker (ITk). This work presents the results of the ITk Pixel system test, focusing on module performance, power consumption, data transmission and cooling efficiency, during detector integration. The results validate the system's readiness for the extreme conditions expected at the HL-LHC.
Deadlier natural disasters – a warning from Brazil’s 2024 floods
Authors: Trancoso Ralph , Flores Bernardo Monteiro , Chapman Sarah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Global warming, landscape alterations and population growth have dramatically altered the three pillars of natural disasters – hazard, vulnerability and exposure, increasing the risk of destructive and deadly natural disasters. In this perspective we breakdown how these factors played out to shape the Brazil’s 2024 floods, one of the most destructive natural hazards in recent history, resulting in over 180 deaths. This short essay explores a newly proposed evidence-based conceptual model supported by data analysis expanding the IPCC climate risk framework. It examines the extreme precipitation and the compounded climate extreme event, including its association with heatwave, atmospheric rivers from the Amazon and El Niño and assesses changes in land cover, population and the death toll of the event. We discuss how this flood event is a heads up to global decision-makers that increases in hazard, vulnerability and exposure are changing the nature of natural disasters, making these destructive events the new norm.
Geometric approach for the identification of Hamiltonian systems of quasi-Painlevé type
Authors: Dell’Atti Marta , Kecker Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Some new Hamiltonian systems of quasi-Painlevé type are presented and the analogue of Okamoto’s space of initial conditions computed. Using the geometric approach that was introduced originally for the identification problem of Painlevé equations, comparing the irreducible components of the inaccessible divisors arising in the blow-up process, we find bi-rational coordinate changes between some of these systems that give rise to the same global Hamiltonian structure. This scheme thus gives a method for identifying Hamiltonian systems up to bi-rational maps, which is performed in this article for systems of quasi-Painlevé type having singularities that are either square-root type algebraic poles or ordinary poles.
The Transformation and Associated Ecological Problems of the East Kolkata Wetlands, West Bengal, India: Observations between 1989-2024
Authors: Das Sayantan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Situated on the eastern outskirts of Kolkata, the East Kolkata Wetlands (EKW) is a designated Ramsar site in West Bengal, India. Spanning nearly 12,500 hectares, this wetland system exemplifies the integration of human activity with natural ecological processes. EKW is not only a critical habitat for wildlife, but also acts as a natural sewage treatment system for Kolkata by treating the sewage and wastewater of the city through natural processes, providing livelihoods for thousands of people engaged in fishing and agriculture.
Over the years, the EKW has been facing numerous challenges that threaten the ecological integrity of the region. Urban encroachment, pollution, habitat degradation, and loss of biodiversity are among the key issues plaguing this unique ecosystem. Urbanization has led to a significant reduction in the area of the EKW over the past few decades. Satellite imagery analysis revealed that about 34% decline in wetland area has occurred in the last 35 years, primarily due to land and waterbody conversion for urban development and infrastructure projects.
The EKW face a substantial threat to their ecological health and water quality due to pollution. An overwhelming amount of untreated sewage surpasses the wetlands’ natural filtration capacity, leading to high levels of organic waste, nutrients, and heavy metals. Alarming amounts of plastic debris, heavy metals, and other pollutants degrade habitat quality and pose significant risks to wildlife. Human activities, pollution, and habitat destruction have resulted in a loss of biodiversity within the EKW. This study highlights the extensive human impact in the area, especially along the outskirts of Kolkata, where regions experiencing ‘Extremely high human impact’ have disrupted natural water flow and hydrological processes. Moderate to high impacts are observed in more resource-intensive zones.
The EKW are extremely crucial to both the ecology and economy of West Bengal state, but face severe threats from urbanization, pollution, and habitat degradation. Effective collaboration among stakeholders and enhanced policies are vital for sustainable management and raising awareness about the importance of these wetlands.
Cooling timescale and process of welded facies of Youngest Toba Tuff, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Shibata Shohei , Naen Gabriela Nogo Retnaningtyas Bunga , Kaneda Yasuaki , Suhendro Indranova , Kusu Chie , Hasegawa Takeshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The 74 ka Youngest Toba Tuff (YTT) super-eruption is one of the largest caldera-forming eruptions on Earth. Thick welded facies (~100 m) of the YTT are exposed 30 km northwest of the source caldera. In this outcrop, an entablature of columnar joints, consisting of multiple domains can be well observed. The domain is cracked by a vertical master joint (cooling plane), from which a chilled margin and many columnar joints developed laterally. In this study, the paleomagnetic method was applied to evaluate the cooling history and genetic processes of the YTT welded facies. Oriented samples were collected from both the cooling plane (CP) and the interior part of the domain (ID), and all samples were subjected to a thermal demagnetization experiment. Samples from CP and ID show slightly different directions that can be confirmed by the significance test. Compared to CP, the characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) mean direction of ID shows shallower inclination and northern declination (Dm=357.5°, Im=2.2°, α95=2.5°) that is consistent with previous data of YTT. The mean angular difference of CP and ID is calculated to be 3.2° ± 2.1°. To generate such an angular difference would take 22.8 ± 15.2 years, assuming the fastest changing rate of geomagnetic secular variation (0.14°/year). This suggests that there exists a time lag of tens of years for acquiring thermal magnetization between CP and ID. Temperature profiles of YTT calculated using the conductive cooling model support the result that the interior part of the ignimbrite remained hot at ~ 600 °C for 30 years after deposition. Based on these findings, we conclude that the slight difference in paleomagnetic directions indicates heterogeneity in cooling timescale between quenched (CP) and slowly cooled (ID) portions within thick the welded YTT.
Stability Analysis at Inlet Slope of Matenggeng Dam Diversion Tunnel with Limit Equilibrium Method
Authors: Bastarie Guge Faizal Rahman , Indrawan I Gde Budi , Setianto Agung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Slope stability must be analyzed to prevent potential slope collapse by considering the safety factor in the design. In this research, the inlet of the Matenggeng Dam diversion tunnel was analyzed under static load and seismic load using Morgenstern-Price and Spencer’s Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM). The analysis used parameter data obtained from surface geological mapping, evaluation of underground core samples, evaluation of rock quality using the GSI system, and laboratory tests on rock samples such as the Uniaxial Compressive Strength test and Index Properties test. The intake slope consists of andesite, conglomeratic sandstone, and conglomerate rock material with fair to good rock quality. The results of the slope stability analysis are safe as the safety factor value meets the specifications of the Indonesian National Standard SNI 8460: 2017.
Defining Urban Growth Boundary in Semarang City: Integrating Spatial Planning and Predictive Modeling Techniques
Authors: Hakim A M Y , Santosa B H , Purwana R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding the maximum percentage of urban area within an administrative region, such as Semarang City, necessitates an examination of spatial planning schemes, development regulations, and local government policies. Concurrently, cellular automata and Markov chain approaches can be used to predict how cities will grow in the future accurately. This study aims to define the urban growth boundary in Semarang City by integrating spatial planning approaches with predictive modeling techniques. The Cellular automata-Markov chain (CA-MC) method predicts future urban growth developments based on current land use patterns. This study seeks to delineate areas suitable for urban development using spatial data analysis and modeling while preserving critical ecological and agricultural zones. The findings of this research contribute to formulating informed policies aimed at achieving balanced urban expansion and environmental conservation in Semarang, thus fostering resilient and inclusive urban landscapes in the city.
Determination of Groundwater Recharge Area Based on Isotope Data in Makassar Coastal Area, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Ardhi Nugroho Sunu , Taufiq Ahmad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The development efforts of the Indonesian government towards the Makassar metropolitan area in South Sulawesi are intended to support its position as a key food supplier for the new capital city of Nusantara (IKN) in East Kalimantan. These developments are expected to lead to population growth and an increase in the demand for freshwater resources. Groundwater remains the primary source of water for residents in this area, specifically Makassar, the main and core city. The availability of groundwater is closely related to water infiltration and the level of extraction. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the groundwater recharge area of the Makassar coastal area using isotope methods, to ensure sustainability of the resources. A total of 19 water samples, including rainwater, groundwater, river, and seawater samples, were collected and analyzed. TDS and Cl- concentrations were also measured alongside groundwater isotope analysis to identify groundwater potential contamination in the area. The results showed that groundwater in the Makassar coastal area had a common origin, primarily derived from rainwater, based on an isotope comparison diagram between δ18O and δD. However, some samples were affected by saltwater intrusion, as indicated by groundwater isotope results approaching the isotopic composition of seawater, confirm by high TDS and Cl- values. The groundwater recharge area, specifically for unconfined aquifer was identified at an altitude ranging from 4.88 to 49.92 masl. In comparison, the recharge area for semi-unconfined aquifer was located at an altitude between 20.75 to 37.92 meters above sea level (masl).
The Cold Springs of the Dieng Plateau
Authors: Rotua Valentina Lubis Jessica , Prakasa Eka Putra Doni , Abdurrachman Fikri 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Traditionally, spring water has been an important resource for providing clean water and irrigation. The Dieng Plateau in Central Java is designated as a National Tourism Strategic Area (KSPN). Located within three groundwater basins – Wonosobo, Karangkobar, and Subah – the Dieng Plateau faces challenges in meeting its clean water needs. With the growth of tourism in Dieng, ensuring adequate quality and quantity of clean water is essential. Many cold springs in the area have not been fully utilized. Therefore, conducting a thorough inventory of these springs is crucial to meet the community’s future demand for clean water, both in terms of quality and quantity. This study gathered data on the presence of springs, along with measurements of groundwater’s physical-chemical properties and spring discharge rates. Mapping results identified 16 springs in the study area, with a total discharge of 251 liters per second, and a maximum discharge of 133.2 liters per second in the Karangkobar Groundwater Basin. The springs on the Dieng Plateau meet drinking water standards based on current regulations and guidelines for physical-chemical parameters. This is evidenced by an average pH value of 7.07, an average TDS of 206.1 mg/L, an average EC of 412.1 μS/cm, and an average temperature of 18.2°C. The springs in the Dieng area are classified as cold/normal springs based on groundwater temperature and have significant potential as a source of raw water.
The Hydrogeological Conceptual Model of Makassar Coastal Area, South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Ardhi Nugroho Sunu , Taufiq Ahmad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The rapid industrial growth and urban development of Makassar City, located on the edge of the Makassar Strait, have led to a significant reliance on groundwater pumping. Understanding the hydrogeological conceptual model is crucial due to the consequences of groundwater exploitation. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the hydrogeological conceptual model of Makassar coastal area. The methods involved gathering both primary and secondary data to define study area boundaries and determine hydrostratigraphic systems, aquifer characteristics, and hydrological conditions. The result showed 3 types of boundary conditions, namely river (Tallo, Jeneberang, and Salo Sinrijala Rivers), constant head (Makassar Straits), and no-flow boundaries (lithological contact between coastal alluvium, the Camba Formation, and the Baturape Cindako Volcanics). The hydrostratigraphic system includes an unconfined aquifer, an aquitard, a semi-unconfined aquifer, and an aquiclude layer. The study area’s hydrological conditions included an annual precipitation of 3,145 mm, evapotranspiration of 1,762 mm, runoff of 532 mm, and groundwater recharge or infiltration of 851 mm. This hydrogeological conceptual model is crucial for future groundwater modeling in the Makassar coastal area.
Carbonate Rocks Grouping Using Critical Porosity Approach in Miocene Rocks, Banggai Basin
Authors: Rahmawan S , Irham S , Nugrahanti A , Herdiansyah F , Samsol  , Prakoso S , Burhannudinnur M , Wibowo D A , Oetomo H K , Irano T , Marinada T R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Reservoir is the trapped location of hydrocarbons with diverse physical rock properties or high heterogeneity. The characteristics of rock heterogeneity significantly influence the rock’s ability to flow fluids, especially hydrocarbons contained within the reservoir rock. Several methods have been developed to classify the heterogeneity of reservoir rocks, such as the Amaful, Wibowo and Permadi methods, among others. These methods are developed based on experiments using sandstone rocks, although in some studies, they are also frequently employed in categorizing carbonate reservoir rocks. However, these commonly used methods still face challenges in rock classification when actual rock samples are unavailable. In this study, the classification of carbonate reservoir rocks is conducted using a critical porosity approach compared to the classification using the Wibowo and Permadi methods, as well as the hydraulic flow unit method employed in previous research. The data utilized in this study consists of experimental 43 rock samples from the Miocene era of the Banggai Basin. The analysis results reveal that using the Wibowo and Permadi method, 10 rock classifications are obtained, whereas employing the critical porosity approach results in 6 rock groups. Both methods demonstrate a correlation between rock pore structure and rock geometry, where rocks categorized under RT-10 in the Wibowo and Permadi method and RT-6 in the critical porosity method exhibit the smallest pore geometry values compared to other rock groups. Each rock classification signifies the rock’s fluid flow capability, with rocks categorized under RT-1 indicating better fluid flow capability as they possess finer geometries.
Preliminary Hydrogeology Conceptual Model of the East Banyuwangi Coastal Plain Area, East Java Province
Authors: Neysa Putritansy , Hendrayana Heru , Arya Pranantya Pulung 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Banyuwangi Regency is located in East Java Province. A rising population and an escalating demand for water have parallelled the rapid growth of tourism in East Java’s coastal regions. This study focuses on ensuring the sustainability of water resources. To accomplish this, it employs hydrogeological principles to evaluate and estimate the potential of water resources, aiming to preserve both their quality and quantity. The research methodology encompasses geological mapping, hydrometeorological analysis, rock resistivity measurements, and water quality testing. The research defines rivers as hydrological boundaries: the Tekik River is the northern boundary, while the Sobo River is the southern boundary. The lithology of the study area includes alluvium in the coastal regions, while the western part features conglomerate rock and breccia. The aquifer system in the research area includes an intergranular space aquifer with a continuous distribution in the coastal area and a fissure and intergranular aquifer system with a low to medium level of continuity in the western area. The hydrological conditions of the research area are characterized by parameters such as an average rainfall of 1496 mm/year, an evapotranspiration rate of 1210 mm/year, a groundwater recharge rate of 74 mm/year, and a runoff rate of 212 mm/year.
New Unified Classification for Fine Grained Sedimentary Siliciclastic Material Based on Atterberg Limits
Authors: Erlangga Bernado Sakti Hakim , Bahagiarti Kusumayudha Sari , Nurcholis M. , Soesilo Joko , Bachtiar Andang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Fine-grained (argillaceous) sedimentary material comprising unconsolidated (i.e., argillaceous sediment and soil) and consolidated (argillaceous rock) is the most abundant sedimentary material. Argillaceous rock is further divided into argillaceous stone and shale based on structure, and into siltrock and clayrock based on grain size. However, the nomenclature of these materials is frequently inconsistent, and there is no unified classification system for these materials. This is due to the difficulty and expense of particle size analysis (PSA), particularly in silt and clay fractions. AIPEA and CMS have proposed using plasticity parameters, i.e., plasticity index (PI) and liquid limits (LL), to differentiate between silt and clay. In engineering geology, a quantitative limitation on unconsolidated and consolidated argillaceous materials is necessary. This is defined as the slake durability index after two cycles (Id2) value, which is argillaceous rock with a Id2 ≥ 2%. Argillaceous stone and shale can be distinguished based on the ease with which a fissility plane structure can be formed with a maximum thickness of 1 cm. The term shale is defined as a fine-grained sedimentary rock that is easily fissile, whereas argillaceous stone is defined as a rock that is not fissile (massive). This article presents a new unified classification for fine-grained sedimentary materials, including loose sediments, soils, and sedimentary rocks. This new unified classification is expected to facilitate the nomenclature of argillaceous sedimentary materials and the prediction of clay and silt fractions based on their plasticity, as an alternative to using PSA. To illustrate the utilisation of the novel unified classification, a series of samples of unconsolidated sediments, soils, and sedimentary rocks were employed, sourced from Lower Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan, Indonesia.