bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
74325 Vast sex-specific differences in transcriptional landscapes of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Ivanov Nikolay A. , Fahey Thomas J. , Mason Christopher E. , Min Irene M. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Here, we describe extensive sex-specific differences in the transcriptomes of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). Given that the clinical course of PNETs differs by sex (female sex is associated with better survival), achieving a greater understanding of the specific molecular sexual dimorphisms is invaluable for advancing personalized treatment. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Epidemiologic studies demonstrate that pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) exhibit sexual dimorphisms with regards to prognosis, disease recurrence, and complication rates. We sought to compare the transcription and DNA methylation landscapes of PNETs by sex, to elucidate molecular differences that may underlie this sex disparity. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: RNAseq data was generated from PNETs surgically resected at our institution (9 Female; 12 Male patients). RNA was extracted with the RNeasy Mini Kit, stranded sequencing libraries were prepared with TruSeq, and paired end sequencing was done on the HiSeq 2500/4000 systems. Transcript-level quantification was performed with salmon, and DESeq2 was used for differential expression analysis. To account for significant variation due to covariates other than sex, surrogate variables were computed with the SVA package and adjusted for. The goseq package was used for gene set over representation analysis. Matched DNA methylation (DNAm) and RNAseq data was downloaded from GEO (16 F; 16 M). Raw DNAm data was processed with minfi. Differential methylation analysis was done with limma and bumphunter. Analysis was done in R. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We found that 826 autosomal genes were differentially expressed (DE) by sex in PNETs (at FDR ≤0.1). Gene set over representation analysis performed on the DE genes revealed significant enrichment for several processes, including ‘ascorbate & aldarate metabolism’ and ‘positive regulation of ERK1 & ERK2 cascade’ (all FDR ≤0.1). When we compared DNAm profiles between sexes, we found 8 CpGs which were differentially methylated by sex (at FDR ≤0.1), 7 of which were proximal to genes. Methylation of one of the sex-associated CpGs, overlapping the gene TIMM8B, was found to be negatively correlated with gene expression (rho=-0.41; p-value=0.02). Interestingly, TIMM8B deletion has been previously reported in other non-pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. There were no differentially methylated regions between sexes. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Our findings demonstrate that PNETs exhibit extensive sexual dimorphisms with regards to gene expression profiles but have largely congruent methylomes by sex. These molecular differences may contribute to the variability in clinical course between men and women, and their characterization is vital for the advancement of personalized medicine.
38351 Immune-related adverse events in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Lucas Margaret Byrnethew , Pai Lori , Breeze Janis , Parsons Susan 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT IMPACT: The existing literature describing immune-related adverse events (irAE) has predominantly focused on clinical trial populations, which may not be representative of the broader population receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), so we sought to perform a comprehensive evaluation of irAE in a real-world population of cancer patients being treated with ICI. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: With a cohort of patients with malignancy treated with ICI, we characterized incidence, severity, timecourse of ir-AE. We sought to inform providers who prescribe ICI to recognize the clinical burden of irAE in an effort to more effectively communicate the benefits and risks of ICI with patients. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: After obtaining approval from the institutional review board, we used a pharmacy database to identify adult cancer patients treated with an ICI between January 2014 and October 2018. We used electronic medical records to obtain baseline variables. Each patient was followed at each clinic visit for 12 months for development of a physician-reported irAE.For irAE, site and grade were recorded as documented by the provider. At diagnosis and each follow-up visit, we collected: 1) adjustments to ICI, immunosuppression, and hormone therapy.Continuous variables were summarized using mean and standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range (IQR). Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies and percentages. Time to development and resolution of irAE were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Among 131 patients, two-thirds were men, and 60% were Caucasian with a mean age was 65 years. Nearly 40% had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score of 2 or higher. A small proportion (3.1%) had an autoimmune disorder. Nearly half had lung cancer (49.6%), and several had received radiation (33.6%). Over 70% were former or current smokers. In total, 57 patients (43.5%) developed an irAE, resultng in a total of 95 irAE, at a median of 208 days (126 days, not reached). The most common irAE included dermatitis, thyroiditis, pneumonitis, and hepatitis. Of 95 irAE, half were grade 1, 30% were grade 2, and nearly 20% were grade 3 or higher. Median time to resolution was 85 days (56-183 days). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: This study demonstrates that irAE are clinically impactful in this relatively unfit, medically complex population, which may be a more accurate reflection of patients receiving ICI in everyday practice. This study showcases that this population is susceptible to irAE, although this needs to be examined in larger, prospective trials.
71016 Defining "rurality": Rural-urban disparities among COPD patients in national VA data
Authors: Baldomero Arianne , Kunisaki Ken M. , Hammett Patrick , Nelson David , Henning-Smith Carrie , Bangerter Ann , Wendt Chris H. , Dudley R. Adams 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT IMPACT: Our research focuses on determining rural-urban disparities in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management to improve COPD health outcomes in rural areas. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Several methods exist to distinguish rural from urban areas, but it is not clear which method relates most directly to rural-urban health care disparities. To address this, we compared different measures of rurality to measures of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) processes of care among a national sample of veterans. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Retrospective analysis of patients with COPD (2016-2019 by ICD-10 codes) using national Veterans Affairs (VA) data. We assessed rurality by: 1) patient’s residential address, 2) assigned primary care clinic address, and 3) drive time from the patient’s residence to closest primary care clinic. Rurality designations of the residential address and primary care clinic address into urban, rural, and highly rural areas are based on the Rural Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes. The dependent variables were binary outcomes of: 1) documentation of a pulmonary clinic encounter and 2) evidence of spirometry to confirm the diagnosis of COPD. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of 6,765,951 veterans, 1,157,002 (17%) had COPD (Table 1). Although approximately 40% of patients with COPD reside in addresses that are rural and highly rural, a large majority are assigned to primary care clinics in urban areas (82.8%) and reside within 30 minutes to the closest primary care clinic (76.7%) (Table 2). Compared to defining rurality based on patient’s residential address or drive time to closest primary care, defining rurality based on the assigned primary care clinic address was associated with a larger disparity in rates of pulmonary encounter. In contrast, the drive time from the patient’s residence to the closest primary care was the strongest predictor of receipt of spirometry (Figure 1 and Table 3). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Estimates of the severity of rural-urban disparities varied based on the definition of rurality used. For two process measures, definitions of rurality based on where the patient received primary care generated more evidence of disparities than definitions based solely on the patient’s residential address.
WHAT WERE LORD WESTBURY'S INTENTIONS IN PHILLIPS V PHILLIPS? BONA FIDE PURCHASE OF AN EQUITABLE INTEREST
Authors: Reilly Adam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn Phillips v Phillips, Lord Westbury stated that, against a bona fide purchaser faced with an “equity” to rescind, “the Court will not interfere”. This has been interpreted to mean that purchasers of even an equitable interest shall take free of prior equities. Yet the distinction between “equities” and equitable interests has been, and remains, uncertain; some have therefore questioned the intent behind Phillips. This paper shall elucidate Lord Westbury's intentions within their historical context and argues that Phillips offers a coherent, functional explanation of both: (1) the protection given to equity's darling; and (2) how that protection was effected.
MAKING SENSE OF MESNE PROFITS: CAUSES OF ACTION
Authors: Mitchell Charles , Rostill Luke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe article examines a series of cases spanning a 250-year period in which the courts have awarded “mesne profits” against defendants who have occupied claimants’ land. The article argues (1) that various causes of action are disclosed by the facts of cases in which such awards have been made, (2) that these causes of action have changed as the law of obligations has evolved, (3) that modern courts often do not consider what causes of action are disclosed by the facts of “mesne profits cases”, (4) that this is unfortunate because practical consequences can flow from categorising the cases in one way or another and (5) that the resolution of future “mesne profits cases” will become more just and more transparent when it is understood that their facts may variously disclose causes of action in tort, contract or unjust enrichment.
Family cohesion and the relations among peer victimization and depression: A random intercepts cross-lagged model
Authors: Fredrick Stephanie S. , Nickerson Amanda B. , Livingston Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe relation between peer victimization and depressive symptoms is complex, requiring the use of methodologically rigorous designs to examine these relations and potential mediating factors. The current study used a random intercepts cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) to investigate both between-person and within-person associations in peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and family cohesion across five waves in a sample of adolescents (N = 801, ages 13–15 years at recruitment) in the Northeast. We also investigated the moderating effects of sex and victimization status (i.e., bullying victimization vs. peer victimization). Overall, findings revealed a reciprocal relation between peer victimization and depressive symptoms for females, but no relation for males. A reciprocal relation between peer victimization and family cohesion was found for males. No significant differences were found by victimization status. Future research on peer victimization and associated outcomes and the role of family should account for both between-person and within-person variance.
Selexipag use for paediatric pulmonary hypertension: a single centre report focussed on congenital heart disease patients
Authors: Lafuente-Romero Alvaro , Rodriguez Ogando Alejandro 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPulmonary hypertension is a rare and complex disease with poor prognosis. Paediatric cases are infrequent and usually associated with congenital heart disease. Management is problematical due to the limited therapy available and poor evidence of efficacy. Recently a new medication, selexipag (UptraviR), a prostacyclin receptor agonist, has been approved for the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension in adults. We report our experience using selexipag in four paediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with congenital heart disease.
American Party Women Redux: Stability in Partisan Gender Gaps
Authors: Barnes Tiffany D. , Beall Victoria D. , Cassese Erin C. 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTRecent research in American politics demonstrates that despite gender-based partisan sorting, gender gaps in policy preferences persist within political parties—particularly among Republicans. Republican women report significantly more moderate views than their male counterparts across a range of policy areas. These gaps are largely attributable to gender differences in beliefs about the appropriate scope of government and attitudes toward gender-based inequality. Arguably, gender has become a more salient feature of American elections in recent years, and this heightened salience raises questions about whether these within-party gender gaps are stable over time or vary across campaign contexts. We use survey data from the 2012 and 2016 American National Election Study to evaluate whether gender gaps in policy preferences are stable across elections or if the 2016 election context affected the magnitude of gender differences in policy preferences. We find that gender gaps in policy preferences within political parties are fairly stable across the two electoral periods.
Effects of end-of-life care on medical health professionals: A dialectical approach
Authors: Stokar Yaffa Naomi , Pat-Horenczyk Ruth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe provision of end-of-life (EOL) care has complex effects on both the professional and personal well-being of medical health personnel (MHP). Previous studies have mostly focused on negative or positive influences as mutually exclusive effects. This study offers a new conceptualization by applying a dialectical lens, looking at secondary traumatic stress (STS) and post-traumatic growth (PTG) as dual possible coexisting phenomena. The creation of four theoretically possible profiles, based on the combinations of high or low levels in each dimension, offers a practical translation of this idea toward intervention development.MethodData were collected at a large tertiary pediatric medical center (n = 1,123) aiming at assessing all personnel. Research methods included collecting demographic data and using validated scales to assess STS, PTG, burnout, compassion satisfaction, and both personal and professional social support.ResultsWe classified four response profiles according to the STS and PTG levels: (1) Dialectical-impact, high STS/high PTG, (2) Growth-dominant, high PTG/low STS, (3) Stress-dominant, high STS/low PTG, and (4) Limited-impact, low STS/low PTG. The four profiles differed based on profession, but not other demographics. Physicians were represented significantly higher in the Stress-dominant profile; nurses were highly represented in the Dialectical-impact profile. A significant difference was found when adding reported EOL care as a distinct factor with a higher relative proportion of the “dialectical” response among those reporting providing EOL care.Significance of resultsFindings from this study point toward the recognition and understanding of the complexity resulting from the provision of EOL care. A more complex profile classification, including the dialectical profile, may reflect a broader tendency to ways that MHP are affected by their work. Introducing “dialectical thinking” can lead to more personalized and precise intervention planning for MHP. Tailored interventions promoting personal and professional well-being, based on individual profiles, can contribute to more effective interventions and better resource utilization.
The Infinity Formulation: how transdiagnostic behaviours and endeavours for behavioural change serve to maintain co-morbid mental health presentations
Authors: Bennetts Alison 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Treatment recommendations for mental health are often founded on diagnosis-specific models; however, there are high rates of co-morbidity of mental health presentations and growing recognition of the presence of ‘transdiagnostic processes’ (cognitive, emotional or behavioural features) seen across a range of mental health presentations. This model proposes a novel conceptualisation of how transdiagnostic behaviours may maintain co-morbid mental health presentations by acting as a trigger event for the cognitive biases specific to each presentation. Drawing on existing evidence, psychological theory and the author’s clinical experience, the model organises complex presentations in a theory-driven yet accessible manner for use in clinical practice. The model offers both theoretical and clinical implications for the treatment of mental health presentations using cognitive behavioural approaches, positing that transdiagnostic behaviours be the primary treatment target in co-morbid presentations.

Key learning aims

(1)
To understand the strengths and limitations of existing transdiagnostic CBT formulation models.

(2)
To learn about a novel, transdiagnostic and behaviourally focused formulation for use in clinical practice.

(3)
To understand how to use the tool in clinical practice and future research.
Capillary, Film, and Vapor Flow in Transient Bare Soil Evaporation (2): Experimental Identification of Hydraulic Conductivity in the Medium to Dry Moisture Range
Authors: Iden Sascha C. , Diamantopoulos Efstathios , Durner Wolfgang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBare‐soil evaporation involves coupled flow of liquid water, water vapor, and heat. As evaporation results in non‐isothermal conditions in the soil, the temperature dependence of transport properties and thermal fluxes of water and vapor must be accounted for. In a companion paper, we showed that the Richards equation, that is, a single‐phase flow model assuming isothermal conditions, is applicable to accurately determine soil hydraulic properties including the medium to dry range from evaporation experiments by inverse modeling. This is warranted if pressure head data across a wide moisture range, that is, from almost saturated to almost air‐dry, are used in the objective function and a suitable parameterization of the hydraulic conductivity function including vapor and non‐capillary flow is used. In this article, we confirm the theoretical results by examining real evaporation experiments, in which we measured the temporal dynamics of evaporation rate, soil temperature, and pressure head in laboratory soil columns. Pressure head was measured with mini‐tensiometers and relative humidity sensors. The measurements were evaluated by inverse modeling with the Richards equation assuming isothermal conditions and ambient temperature in the soil. Our results for a sandy and a loamy soil show that the observed transient water and vapor dynamics in the drying soil could be accurately matched, provided the hydraulic conductivity curve considered isothermal vapor diffusion and film flow. These components dominate hydraulic conductivity in the medium to dry soil moisture range and were uniquely identified in agreement with the theoretical analysis in the companion article.
First insights into the impacts of benthic cyanobacterial mats on fish herbivory functions on a nearshore coral reef
Authors: Ford Amanda K. , Visser Petra M. , van Herk Maria J. , Jongepier Evelien , Bonito Victor 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBenthic cyanobacterial mats (BCMs) are becoming increasingly common on coral reefs. In Fiji, blooms generally occur in nearshore areas during warm months but some are starting to prevail through cold months. Many fundamental knowledge gaps about BCM proliferation remain, including their composition and how they influence reef processes. This study examined a seasonal BCM bloom occurring in a 17-year-old no-take inshore reef area in Fiji. Surveys quantified the coverage of various BCM-types and estimated the biomass of key herbivorous fish functional groups. Using remote video observations, we compared fish herbivory (bite rates) on substrate covered primarily by BCMs (> 50%) to substrate lacking BCMs (< 10%) and looked for indications of fish (opportunistically) consuming BCMs. Samples of different BCM-types were analysed by microscopy and next-generation amplicon sequencing (16S rRNA). In total, BCMs covered 51 ± 4% (mean ± s.e.m) of the benthos. Herbivorous fish biomass was relatively high (212 ± 36 kg/ha) with good representation across functional groups. Bite rates were significantly reduced on BCM-dominated substratum, and no fish were unambiguously observed consuming BCMs. Seven different BCM-types were identified, with most containing a complex consortium of cyanobacteria. These results provide insight into BCM composition and impacts on inshore Pacific reefs.
An integrated analytical study of crayons from the original art materials collection of the MUNCH museum in Oslo
Authors: La Nasa Jacopo , Doherty Brenda , Rosi Francesca , Braccini Chiara , Broers Frederique T. H. , Degano Ilaria , Matinero Jordi Moles , Miliani Costanza , Modugno Francesca , Sabatini Francesca , Sandu Irina Crina Anca , Cartechini Laura 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAmong the artists’ materials of the nineteenth century, pastel crayons merit scientific interest since their early commercial formulations are mostly unknown and, until now, have been considerably less studied with respect to other contemporary painting materials. In this framework, research herein reports the results of a comprehensive multi-analytical study of 44 pastel crayons of two recognized brands (LeFranc and Dr. F. Schoenfeld) from the Munch museum collection of original materials belonging to Edvard Munch. The integrated use of complementary spectroscopic and hyphenated mass-spectrometry techniques allowed the compositional profiles of the crayons to be traced providing the identification of the inorganic and organic pigments, the fillers/extenders and the binders. All crayons resulted to be oil- based and the binder was identified to be a mixture of a drying oil (safflower or linseed oil), palm oil or Japan wax and beeswax. Among others, pigments such as ultramarine, chrome yellows, Prussian blue, manganese violet, viridian and madder lake have been identified. A significant alignment in formulations of the brands was observed with the only exception of the greens which showed distinctive pigment and filler compositions. The analytical information provided for these commercial artists’ materials will be of great interest for academia, museum and other institutions hosting art collections dating from the same period and it will be used by the Munch museum to draw proper conservation strategies of its own artwork collections.
Controllable dynamics of a dissipative two-level system
Authors: Wu Wei , Zhang Ze-Zhou 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe propose a strategy to modulate the decoherence dynamics of a two-level system, which interacts with a dissipative bosonic environment, by introducing an ancillary degree of freedom. It is revealed that the decay rate of the two-level system can be significantly suppressed under suitable steers of the assisted degree of freedom. Our result provides an alternative way to fight against decoherence and realize a controllable quantum dissipative dynamics.