bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Portfolios in medical education: A tool for learning and assessment of medical students
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh , Shrivastava Prateek 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe period of medical training is a long one and it is quite crucial for a medical student to document their learning, substantiate the same with evidence, and record personal reflections to make it a long-term learning. Portfolios have been identified as a tool for learning as it envisages the value of student-centered learning, gives importance to what a learner can accomplish, and can be used as a tool for both learning and assessment. As the primary objective of the portfolio is a reflection on learning, it plays a significant role to ensure professional growth and development. In conclusion, advocating the use of a portfolio among medical students is the foundation stone for lifelong learning and ensures continuous professional development. It is the need of the hour that all the medical colleges should implement the maintenance of the portfolio within their settings based on a framework that clearly defines the purpose for the same and its periodical assessment.
The Prevalence and Distribution of the Variants of Pectoralis Minor in Cadaveric Studies
Authors: Asghar Adil , Naaz Shagufta , Naya Sunita 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Pectoralis minor (PMi) is used as a vascularized and innervated free-muscle graft in the reconstructive surgical procedure. The present review aims to provide insights to the surgeons regarding the variants of PMi in terms of costal attachment, insertion, nerve supply and arterial supply.

Methodology:
Three major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar) were thoroughly searched along with the full text of journals.

Results:
Seven studies (n = 1787) were analysed for the evaluation of costal attachment. PMi arise from 3rd to 5th rib in 33% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30–37%), but the most common variants II-5 ribs was observed in 36%, which was higher than normal. Eighteen studies (n = 2424) reported details of insertion. The variant insertion of PMi was observed in 21% (15–28; 95% CI). Seven studies reported nerve supply. Both medial pectoral nerve (MPN) and lateral pectoral nerve (LPN) innervates PMi in 93% and MPN absent in 7%. Only two studies reported arterial supply. The PMi was vascularized by single dominant artery in 77% (68–85; 95% CI) or two arteries in 19% (13–29; 95% CI) or three arteries 2% (2–8; 95% CI) or even four arteries in 1% (0–7; 95% CI).

Conclusion:
PMi has a constant costal attachment to the 3rd and 4th ribs. Origin of PMi from 5th rib is reported with a pooled prevalence of 73.3% and from 2nd rib is reported in 61.5%. PMi inserts to the superomedial boundary of the coracoid process in 79% only.
The use of preoperative neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio and lymphocyte–monocyte ratio in predicting survival and groin node involvement of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of penis
Authors: Jindal Tarun , Pawar Pravin , Agarwal Sanjit , Jain Prateek , Meena Monika , Sarwal Ankush , Dhanalakshmi M. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
The association between inflammation and malignancies is being recognized. In this study, we assessed the use of preoperative neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and lymphocyte–monocyte ratio (LMR) in predicting cancer-specific survival (CSS) and inguinal node involvement in patients with carcinoma penis.

Methods:
Sixty-nine patients operated for squamous cell carcinoma penis with inguinal node dissection between 2012 and 2020 were identified. We recorded the type of surgery (partial/total penectomy), T stage, grade, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), pathological status of inguinal nodes and nodal stage (pN1–3), extranodal extension (ENE), and CSS. The hemogram performed within 2 weeks of surgery was used for calculating NLR and LMR.

Results:
Partial penectomy was the most common surgery (65.22%) and pT2 was the most common stage (53.62%). Grade 2 was seen in 66.67%, LVI in 34.78%, PNI in 37.68%, 52.17% had inguinal node involvement with pN3 being the most common (36.23%), and 36.23% had ENE. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that NLR of >3 and the LMR ≤3 indicated an inferior CSS (P = 0.05 and 0.04, respectively). T stage, inguinal node involvement, LVI, pN stage, and ENE were also associated with inferior CSS (P < 0.05). On multivariate analysis, T stage was significantly associated with CSS (P = 0.02). The NLR >3 and LMR ≤3 were also significantly associated with the presence of pathological inguinal node involvement (P = 0.001 and 0.026).

Conclusion:
NLR and LMR may help in predicting CSS and inguinal node involvement in patients of carcinoma penis.
Pediatric urology surgical practice in the time of COVID-19
Authors: Raheem Ali Abdel , Banihani Omaya , Abasher Abdelazim , Alotay Abdulhakim , Alyami Fahad A. , Alsaad Tamer A. , Alqarni Naif , Alsowayan Ossamah , Jamalalali Yasser A. , Alhuwaiti Mohammad , Al-Madi Maha , Rubeea Subbhy Abo , Aljallad Hossam , Elhelaly Ahmed , Alroumaih Abdullah , Almutairi Faisal , Alhams Abdulwahab E. , Alayad Abdullrhman , Alshammari Ahmad 
Published: June 2021

Purpose:
Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on pediatric urology practice in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Methods:
Data of 10 tertiary hospitals in KSA were retrospectively analyzed. Data of outpatient department (OPD) visits and pediatric urology surgical procedures from January 1, 2019, to April 30, 2019, and from January 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020, were extracted. The primary outcome was to compare OPD visits and pediatric urology workload in the first third of 2020 versus 2019, where there was no curfew. The secondary outcome was to compare the same variables during the full curfew time, i.e., April 2020 versus April 2019.

Results:
The number of OPD visits was lower in the first third of 2020 (7390 vs. 10,379 in 2019 P < 0.001). OPD visits in April 2020 were 78.6% lower than in April 2019, and teleclinics represented 850 (94.3%). Elective procedures in the first third of 2020 were 688, with a reduction rate of 34.3% compared to the same period of 2019 (P < 0.001). In April 2020, there were 18 elective surgeries, with a 91.4% decrease than in April 2019. Ureteric reimplantation, hypospadias, cryptorchidism, and circumcision stopped, while pyeloplasty (n = 14) and urolithiasis (n = 4) procedures had declined by 50% and 76.5%, respectively. Most of the procedures (71.8%) were day surgery. Emergency procedures were similar in the first third of 2020 (65 vs. 64 in 2019, P = 0.994) and declined in April 2020 by 6.7% versus April 2019. During the full curfew, the most common emergency intervention were cases with obstructive uropathy (42.8%), followed by torsion testis (28.6%), posterior urethral valve (14.3%), and urological trauma (14.3%).

Conclusions:
In KSA, the number of elective pediatric surgical procedures were reduced by >90%, while the number of emergency pediatric surgical procdures were similar during COVID-19 pandemic compared with non-COVID-19 time. Ureteric reimplantation, hypospadias repair, cryptorchidism, and circumcision procedures were postponed. Pyeloplasty and urolithiasis-related procedures were performed to prevent irreversible disease progression or organ damage. There was an increase in rate of teleclinic and day surgery to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection.
Empirical therapy for male factor infertility
Authors: Al Khayal Abdullah M. , Balaraj Faisal K. , Alferayan Turki A. , Al Sait Mutaz A. , Abumelha Saad M. , Alrabeeah Khalid A. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Empirical therapy is sometimes used by urologists who desire to improve the outcomes for infertility patients. However, the literature on empirical therapies is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to assess the clinical practice of urologists regarding the use of empirical therapy in the treatment of infertility patients.

Methodology:
An online survey using Google Forms was used to collect data during the Saudi Urological Association Annual Meeting, February 2019. Additional data were gathered electronically in March and April 2019 and sent to respondents. The study was closed in May 2019. No incentives were provided to the respondents.

Results:
A total of 96 (80%) urologists participated in the survey, of whom 69.8% were consultants, and 20.8% were andrology-trained urologists. Empirical therapy was used by 86.5% of urologists for patients with idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. The most commonly used empirical therapies were zinc, L-canitine, clomiphene citrate, and L-arginine. The main factors that influenced the selection of empirical therapy were follicle-stimulating hormone, total testosterone, and luteinizing hormone levels.

Conclusion:
Empirical therapy was used by more than three-quarters of the participants for idiopathic male infertility. There were no clear guidelines for the ideal therapy to be considered for individual patients while treating empirically. Our concern is that urologists use a wide variety of medications without significant data to support these medications.
Safe transition from open to pure laparoscopic donor nephrectomy
Authors: Saifee Yusuf , Chamania C. S. , Bhatia Sushil , Salgia Pradeep , Kriplani Jai , Sepaha Achal 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy (LLDN) offers many advantages compared to open living donor nephrectomy. However, the perceived difficulty in learning LLDN has slowed its wider implementation. Herein, we describe the evolution of LLDN at a single center, emphasizing the approach and technical modifications and its impact on outcome.

Methods:
The series included a 2½-year period and three different surgeons. We started with two-stage plan for establishing LLDN at the institute (introduction and consolidation). Data of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy performed at the institution were prospectively evaluated regarding donor and recipient outcome.

Results:
From December 2016 to April 2019, 221 donors underwent LLDN. Three donors required conversion to open surgery. The mean operation time was 96.4 (62–158) min and the mean warm ischemia time was 186 (149–423) s. The complications were observed in 11.6% of donors from LLDN group and all complications were Class I and Class II only (Clavien–Dindo classification). No Class III and Class IV complications occurred. In the present study, there was some learning curve effect observed only in operative time (OT) with longer OT in initial cases. However, the overall operative complications were minimal, showing that this learning curve had no deleterious effects on donor safety.

Conclusion:
The present study demonstrates that with proper planning, team approach, and a few technical modifications, the transition from open to LLDN could be safe and effective.
SDFS: A Standardization Technique for Nonparametric Analysis
Authors: Vatsa Avimanyou K. 
Published: June 2021

Due to availability of computational tools for data acquisition, it is very easy to collect many dimensions from an object. Nevertheless, data acquisition from an object in an experiment may have a low number of dimensions. The analysis of low dimensional data has break-through role. But raw and sparse nature of dataset imposes new challenges and requirements for data analysis due to their special and unique characteristics. In the process of overall characterization of low-dimensional data, the data pre-processing plays crucial role. One of the first processes is normalization and standardization process. Therefore, in this paper, I would like to propose novel standardization technique called SDFS (Standardization for Distribution Free Statistics) for nonparametric data analysis. This technique is robust for small sample size with missing values of data points, which commonly exist in real time experiments lead to sparse low-dimensional data. The comprehensive experimental evaluation shows that SDFS standardization is significantly outperforms on existing standardization methods.
Positioning control of square arrangements of solar panels by solar tracing using fuzzy logic
Authors: Mejía Diego Armando , Chávez Ivaldo Torres , Mejía Abelardo 
Published: June 2021

In this project a fuzzy control system is developed to follow the sun with its respective dynamics. The positioning of the panel must take into account changes in the weather, the disturbances that may occur, the area in which the tracker is located and so on. To do this, the maximum capture point positioning control system is studied using fuzzy logic. Prior to design and implementation, corresponding design criteria were established in instrumentation, mechanical structure, control, communication, and processing for prototype development. By means of the above, the photovoltaic array positioning system is designed, to then carry out the efficient implementation thanks to the calculations and adjustments made. After having the physical structure, we start to develop the positioning control of quadruple arrangements of solar panels with two degrees of freedom per maximum point of capture of solar radiation using fuzzy control, taking into account that the radiation sensors give a reference point. for the setpoint in the control loop and after this, control signals are sent to the selected actuators. Finally, the control system is validated for the positioning of the tracker with the fuzzy control loop implemented; In addition, the system is compared with the strategy implemented before a static system in order to analyze its efficiency.
In order for the solar tracking system to show greater efficiency compared to the static system, radiation sensors are implemented that compensate for the influence of climatic disturbances that any solar panel tends to suffer.
Impacto de la comunicación educativa a través de la tecnología de la información y comunicación en el contexto universitario ecuatoriano
Authors: Cedeño María Eugenia Intriago , Vélez Maritza Elizabeth Vélez , Zambrano Nexar Lenin Zambrano , Sardi Gustavo Adolfo Santana 
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo pretende abordar el impacto de la comunicación educativa que por efecto se le asocian a las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación donde para ello se hace referencia de una forma general a las teorías de la comunicación, teorías que nos pueden aportar claves interesantes en el estudio de los procesos de interacción didácticos, considerados éstos como procesos comunicacionales. Las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC) siguen ocupando un lugar destacado entre las temáticas de la formación que se ofertan y se demandan entre el colectivo docente, es importante destacar que en el Ecuador el impacto de las TIC en la educación superior también es un tema de estudio y por lo mismo se busca brindar información a través de un estudio bibliográfico con una técnica documental para explicar todas aquellas inquietudes o aportaciones de las partes involucradas como son los docentes y alumnos.
HEMŞİRELERDE NOMOFOBİNİN VARLIĞI VE İŞ TATMİNİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: KORKMAZ ASLAN Tuba , ÜNAL ASLAN Kevser Sevgi 
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışma, çalışan hemşirelerde nomofobinin varlığı ve iş tatmini üzerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte yapılan bu araştırma da bir ilçe hastanesinde görev yapan ve akıllı telefon kullanıcısı olan 74 hemşire çalışmaya alınmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Nomofobi Ölçeği (NMP-Q) ve Minnesota İş Tatmini Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde, yüzdelik, Independent Sample-t, Mann Whitney U ve ANOVA testleri kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmada hemşirelerin, genel doyum ortalamaları (3.03±0.64) ve içsel doyumlarının (3.11±0.70) biraz yüksek, dışsal doyumlarının ise (2.92±0.77) düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hemşirelerin Nomofobi ölçeğine göre iletişim kuramama alt boyutunda hafif düzeyde (22.07±10.10) nomofobi olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışma sonucuna göre, Nomofobi ile Minnesota İş Tatmini puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir (p>0.05).
Sonuç ve Önerileri: Çalışan hemşirelerde internet bağımlılık düzeyinin hafif olduğu; iş tatmininden dışsal doyumun da bazı demografik değişkenler (yaş ve mesleki deneyim) açısından düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışan hemşirelerde nomofobinin iş tatminini etkileyen öncelikli bir durum olmadığı, bu durumda cep telefonundan uzak kalmanın/kalmamanın bu değişken için yordayıcı bir etken olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ortaya çıkmasında birden çok faktörün etkisi olduğu için, çalışma yapacak araştırmacılar, nomofobinin daha farklı ve aracılık rolü olabilecek değişkenlerle ilişkisini ele alan araştırmalar yapılabilir.
Analysis of the Effect of Operating Cash Flow, Leverage, and Firm Size on Earnings Persistence
Authors: Sabila Rezika Farah , Evana Einde , Septiyanti Ratna 
Published: June 2021

This research aims to provide empirical evidence in the effect of operating cash flow, leverage, and firm size on earnings persistence. The data used on this research is historical secondary data. The data used in this research were taken from website www.idx.co.id. A population in this research were companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) sector food & beverage for the period 2015-2019. Sampling method used is purposive sampling method with a sample of 33 companies. The outcome of this research indicate that operating cash flow & firm size have a positive effect on earning persistence. Meanwhile, leverage does not affect earning persistence.
Kwaliteitscriteria in kwalitatief onderzoek: welke termen hanteer je als kwalitatief onderzoeker?
Authors: Bakker Minne , de Boer Fijgje 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Quality criteria for qualitative research: which terms do you use as a qualitative researcher?

About 35 years ago, Lincoln and Guba developed four quality criteria for qualitative research – credibility, transferability, dependability and confirmability – as a counterpart for the criteria that were developed within the positivist research paradigm. Qualitative researchers differ in their use of quality criteria. The authors argue that qualitative researchers should preferably use quality criteria that have been developed within the interpretivist research paradigm. They also mention that it is difficult to find an adequate Dutch translation for the concepts of dependability and confirmability. These concepts are currently translated in different ways. The authors end the article with a proposal for the translation of these four quality criteria into Dutch.
TEDARİKÇİ İLİŞKİLERİNİN TEDARİK ZİNCİRİ RİSKLERİNE ETKİSİ: TRC1 BÖLGESİ’NDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: OZGUNER Mert , AYTEKİN Mehmet 
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Yoğun risk altındaki tedarik zincirlerinde etkin bir işleyişin sağlanabilmesi ve risklerin olumsuz etkilerinin en aza indirilmesi adına zincirin en önemli unsurlarından biri olan ve ham madde, yarı mamul gibi üretime esas unsurların hızlı bir şekilde üretim noktalarına ulaşmasında önemli rol oynayan tedarikçi ilişkilerinin irdelenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle, tedarikçi ilişkilerinin tedarik zinciri riskleri üzerindeki etkisi belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır.Yöntem: TRC1 Bölgesi’nde bulunan Adıyaman, Kilis ve Gaziantep illerindeki Organize Sanayi Bölgelerinde üretim faaliyetlerini sürdürmekte olan işletmelerden toplanan veriler kullanılarak tedarikçi ilişkilerinin tedarik zinciri riskleri üzerindeki etkisi Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli (YEM) ile test edilmiştir.Bulgular: Elde edilen bulgular yüksek düzeyde tedarikçi ilişkilerinin tedarik zinciri riskleri üzerinde negatif yönlü ve anlamlı etkilerinin olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.Özgünlük: Çalışma, tedarik zinciri risklerinin işletmeler üzerinde oluşturacağı olumsuz etkilerin en aza indirilmesi noktasında, diğer çalışmalardan farklı olarak tedarikçi ilişkilerini bir çözüm yolu olarak işletmelere sunması ve konu ile ilgili mevcut literatüre yeni bir perspektif kazandırması açısından önem taşımaktadır.
FİNANSAL GELİŞME, TASARRUF VE KÜRESELLEŞME İLE SERMAYE OLUŞUMU ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN SAKLI EŞBÜTÜNLEŞME VE ASİMETRİK NEDENSELLİK TESTLERİ İLE ANALİZ EDİLMESİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ERDAŞ Mehmet Levent , GÖÇMEN YAĞCILAR Gamze 
Published: June 2021

Amaç: Son yıllarda sermaye oluşumu ile makroekonomik ve finansal faktörler arasındaki ilişki araştırmacılar tarafından araştırılan ve tartışılan konulardan biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de finansal gelişmişliğin, küreselleşmenin ve tasarrufların sermaye oluşumu üzerinde etkisinin olup olmadığını araştırmaktır.Yöntem: Saklı eşbütünleşme ilişkisinin incelendiği Hatemi-J ve Irandoust (2012) eşbütünleşme testi ile asimetrik nedensellik ilişkisinin incelendiği Hatemi J (2012) nedensellik testi kullanılarak değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler analiz edilmiştir.Bulgular: Hatemi-J (2012) test sonuçları finansal sistem mevduatları hariç finansal gelişmişlik göstergeleri, küreselleşme ve tasarruflar ile sermaye oluşumu arasında asimetrik nedensellik ilişkisinin var olduğunu ve bu ilişkinin değişkenler arasında farklılaştığını göstermiştir. Ayrıca finansal gelişmişlikten sermayeoluşumuna doğru nedensellik ilişkileri hep pozitif iken sermaye oluşumundan finansal gelişmişliğe doğru etkinin yönü ise hep negatif olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Sonuç olarak sermaye birikimi, finansal gelişmişlikten, küreselleşmeden ve tasarruflardan pozitif yönde etkilenmektedir.Özgünlük: Bu çalışma Türkiye ekonomisi için finansal gelişmişlik, tasarruf ve küreselleşme ile sermaye oluşumu arasındaki asimetrik ilişkiyi ekonometrik yöntemlerle araştıran ilk çalışmadır.
Deep desiccation of soils observed by long-term high-resolution measurements on a large inclined lysimeter
Authors: Merk Markus , Goeppert Nadine , Goldscheider Nico 
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Availability of long-term and high-resolution measurements of soil
moisture is crucial when it comes to understanding all sorts of changes
to past soil moisture variations and the prediction of future dynamics.
This is particularly true in a world struggling against climate change
and its impacts on ecology and the economy. Feedback mechanisms between soil moisture dynamics and meteorological influences are key factors
when it comes to understanding the occurrence of drought events. We
used long-term high-resolution measurements of soil moisture on a
large inclined lysimeter at a test site near Karlsruhe, Germany. The
measurements indicate (i) a seasonal evaporation depth of over 2 m. Statistical analysis and linear regressions indicate (ii) a significant decrease in soil moisture levels over the past 2 decades.
This decrease is most pronounced at the start and the end of the vegetation
period. Furthermore, Bayesian change-point detection revealed (iii) that this decrease is not uniformly distributed over the complete
observation period. The largest changes occur at tipping points during years of extreme drought, with significant changes to the subsequent
soil moisture levels. This change affects not only the overall trend
in soil moisture, but also the seasonal dynamics. A comparison to
modeled data showed (iv) that the occurrence of deep desiccation is
not merely dependent on the properties of the soil but is spatially
heterogeneous. The study highlights the importance of soil moisture
measurements for the understanding of moisture fluxes in the vadose
zone.