bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New cytometry tools for immune monitoring during cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Sanjabi Shomyseh , Lear Sean 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe success of cancer immunotherapy (CIT) in the past decade has brought renewed excitement and the need to better understand how the human immune system functions during health and disease. Advances in single cell technologies have also inspired the creation of a Human Cell Atlas to identify and describe every cell in the human body with the intention of elucidating how to “fix” the ones that fail normal function. For example, treatment of cancer patients with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibodies can reinvigorate their T cells and produce durable clinical benefit in a subset of patients, but a number of resistance mechanisms exist that prohibit full benefit to all treated patients. Early detection of biomarkers of response and mechanisms of resistance are needed to identify the patients who can benefit most from ICB. A noninvasive approach to predict treatment outcomes early after immunotherapies is a longitudinal analysis of peripheral blood immune cells using flow cytometry. Here we review some of the advances in our understanding of how ICB antibodies can re‐invigorate tumor‐specific T cells and also highlight the recent advances in high complexity flow cytometry, including spectral cytometers, that allow longitudinal sampling and deep immune phenotyping in clinical settings. We encourage the scientific community to utilize advanced cytometry platforms and analyses for immune monitoring in order to optimize CIT treatments for maximum clinical benefit.
A flow cytometric assay for HLA‐DR expression on monocytes validated as a biomarker for enrollment in sepsis clinical trials
Authors: Quadrini Karen J. , Patti‐Diaz Lisa , Maghsoudlou Jasmin , Cuomo Joanne , Hedrick Michael Nathan , McCloskey Thomas W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeDecreased expression of HLA‐DR on monocytes (mHLA‐DR) is a reliable indicator of immunosuppression in patients with sepsis and is correlated with increased risk of secondary infection and mortality. A flow cytometry‐based laboratory developed test for the measurement of mHLA‐DR in whole blood was validated for clinical trial enrollment, which is considered medical decision‐making, for patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.MethodsThe BD Quantibrite™ anti‐HLA‐DR/anti‐monocyte reagent measures antibodies bound per cell of HLA‐DR on CD14+ monocytes. The mHLA‐DR assay was planned to support inclusion/exclusion of patients for a clinical trial and was validated according to New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) requirements for a new non‐malignant leukocyte immunophenotyping assay.ResultsNormal, healthy donor and sepsis patient samples were stable up to 72 h post‐collection in Cyto‐Chex BCT phlebotomy tubes. Pre‐determined acceptance criteria were met for precision parameters (average %CV ≤ 20%) and global laboratory‐to‐laboratory comparisons (average %Δ ≤ 20%). The approaches taken to evaluate and report accuracy, analytical specificity and sensitivity, reportable range, reference interval, and the proposed multi‐level quality control were accepted by NYSDOH.ConclusionsIn this study, the validation strategy necessary when the intended use of assay results changes from exploratory to medical decision making (patient enrollment), which successfully resulted in regulatory approval, is described.
Full‐scene network security protection system based on ubiquitous power Internet of things
Authors: Wang Jiao 
Published: January 2021

SummaryPower Internet of things network technology has a “double‐edged sword” effect; on one hand, let us feel fast and convenient, but on the other hand, we are wandering in the network security. At the same time of paying more attention to the quality of human life, it is also necessary to take into account the network security issues related to the power Internet of things. Therefore, this paper aims to study the full‐scene network security protection system based on ubiquitous power Internet of things, which is an important topic at present. This research investigates the effectiveness of the Internet of Things in the network security protection system in general scenarios by investigating the traditional network security risk index and analyzing the excellent performance of the Internet of Things, aiming at the security risks of traditional network servers. In actual application scenarios, the Internet of Things can protect the entire network system in an all‐round way anytime and anywhere. This powerful defense performance is unmatched by traditional networks. Big data intelligent monitoring system is used to monitor the actual operation of all‐weather and all‐scene network protection system. Experimental data show that in the ubiquitous power Internet of things environment, although there are still some risks in the operation of grid companies and other intelligent terminals, the number of security risks is significantly lower than that of the traditional Internet of things. The significance of “ubiquitous” power Internet of things is the all‐scene network security protection system that works all day and all the time. Integrated servers can better protect against security risks than single servers. Experimental data shows that the full‐scenario network security protection system in the Internet of Things effectively integrates the facility resources in the power system and the communication system, and it improves the company’s perception of the entire actual scene during the operation. At the same time, it also promotes the integration of corporate information and provides intelligent support for corporate decision‐making.
Reconfigurable broadband printed monopole antenna for portable smart IoT applications
Authors: Al‐Janabi Mustafa Adnan , Kayhan Sema K. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe proposed work presents a design of a smart printed monopole antenna separated from a Hexagonal Matching Load (HML) with an air gap. The patch is fed by a coplanar waveguide, while the HML is connected to the ground plane through two pin diodes to realize antenna reconfiguration through controlling the surface current motion. The antenna structure is mounted on FR‐4 epoxy substrate with size of 23 mm × 30 mm to fit the portable devices. After running four different switching scenarios, an observable change in the antenna performance is demonstrated. The proposed antenna provides a gain of 3.1 dBi at 2.45 GHz when the two diodes are switched ON. However, the antenna gain is changed to 1.6 dBi when the two diodes are set OFF. It is demonstrated that the proposed technique shows an effective approach to control the antenna performance without the need for DC blocking capacitor for RF choke. Nevertheless, the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) effects are evaluated with respect to the human head tissues for all considered scenarios. Finally, the antenna radiation leakages to the human body are also tested numerically and experimentally for validation.
Efficacy of a combination approach using subcision, fillers, and fractional carbon dioxide laser for the treatment of facial acne scars in Fitzpatrick skin types IV–VI
Authors: Kapoor Rinky , Vadera Sapna , Shome Debraj 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionAcne is one of the most common skin diseases, causing scars as a common and persistent complication. A single modality of treatment is not completely effective, and hence a combination of therapeutic modalities is required for the treatment. As the condition is very distressing in nature and leaves an impact at a psychological level, the patient often seeks quick results.AimsEfficacy of combined approach using subcision and fillers followed by fractional carbon dioxide laser for the treatment of facial acne scars in Fitzpatrick IV–VI skin types.MethodsOne hundred sixty‐five patients with Fitzpatrick IV–VI skin types and Grades 2–4 acne scars, as per Goodman and Baron Acne Grading Scale, were enrolled. Subcision followed by hyaluronic acid filler was performed initially, followed by fractional carbon dioxide laser 2 weeks later. Standardized digital global photographs were obtained before treatment, before every laser session, and 6 months after the last laser session.ResultsUsing Goodman and Baron's Global Acne Scarring System, the patients showed significant improvement of both clinician and subjective scores in all grades of acne scars. No significant adverse events were noted.ConclusionTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to date which involves the combined approach of subcision and fillers, followed by fractional carbon dioxide laser sessions for the treatment of acne scars. The results show significant and persistent improvement, without considerable complications, in Fitzpatrick's skin types IV–VI. This protocol should thus be considered for the management of acne scars of the face.
Doping detection in animals: A review of analytical methodologies published from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Moreira Fernando , Carmo Helena , Guedes de Pinho Paula , Bastos Maria de Lourdes 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDespite the impressive innate physical abilities of horses, camels, greyhounds, or pigeons, doping agents might be administered to these animals to improve their performance. To control these illegal practices, anti‐doping analytical methodologies have been developed. This review compiles the analytical methods that have been published for the detection of prohibited substances administered to animals involved in sports over 30 years. Relevant papers meeting the search criteria that discussed analytical methods aiming to detect and/or quantify doping substances in animal biological matrices published from 1990 to 2019 were considered. A total of 317 studies were included, of which 298 were related to horses, demonstrating significant advances toward the development of doping detection methods for equine sports. However, analytical methods for the detection of doping agents in sports involving other species are lacking. Due to enhanced accuracy and specificity, chromatographic analysis coupled to mass spectrometry detection is preferred over immunoassays. Regarding biological matrices, blood and urine remain the first choice, although alternative biological matrices, such as hair and feces, have been considered. With the increasing number and type of drugs used as doping agents, the analytes addressed in the published papers are diverse. It is very important to continue to detect and quantify these drugs, recognizing those that are most frequently used, in order to punish the abusers, protect animals' health, and ensure a healthier and genuine competition.
Validating the visceral sensitivity index in an eating disorder sample
Authors: Brown Tiffany A. , Reilly Erin E. , Murray Helen Burton , Perry Taylor R. , Kaye Walter H. , Wierenga Christina E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with eating disorders (EDs) often have difficulty tolerating uncomfortable body sensations. As such, anxiety sensitivity specific to gastrointestinal (GI) sensations, has relevance for EDs. However, to date, no validated measures of this construct exist in EDs. Thus, the present study sought to validate the visceral sensitivity index (VSI), a 15‐item measure originally validated in an irritable bowel syndrome sample, in an ED sample and explore associations with ED symptoms.MethodTwo hundred and sixty‐six adolescents (n = 116) and adults (n = 150) in an ED partial hospital program completed the VSI and related measures at admission. Confirmatory factor analysis examined the factor structure of the VSI and hierarchical regression analyses explored associations between the VSI and ED symptoms.ResultsThe original version of the VSI had adequate model fit. An alternative 13‐item model removing specific items with poor fit and less theoretical relevance to EDs also demonstrated good fit. The 15‐item and 13‐item VSI had strong internal consistency (α = .93–.94), and correlation results supported the convergent and divergent validity of both versions. Higher visceral sensitivity was associated with elevated body dissatisfaction, cognitive restraint, purging, restricting, and excessive exercise (p‐values <.05), beyond length of illness, body mass index, and trait anxiety.DiscussionResults support the relevance of GI‐specific anxiety in EDs and suggest that the original 15‐item VSI and modified 13‐item VSI have strong psychometric properties in an ED sample. Given comparable model fit and psychometric properties, both versions of the VSI may be used for future ED research.
Transgenerational effect alters the interspecific competition between two dominant species in a temperate steppe
Authors: Li Yang , Hou Longyu , Yang Liuyi , Yue Ming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOne of the key aims of global change studies is to predict more accurately how plant community composition responds to future environmental changes. Although interspecific relationship is one of the most important forces structuring plant communities, it remains a challenge to integrate long‐term consequences at the plant community level. As an increasing number of studies have shown that maternal environment affects offspring phenotypic plasticity as a response to global environment change through transgenerational effects, we speculated that the transgenerational effect would influence offspring competitive relationships. We conducted a 10‐year field experiment and a greenhouse experiment in a temperate grassland in an Inner Mongolian grassland to examine the effects of maternal and immediate nitrogen addition (N) and increased precipitation (Pr) on offspring growth and the interspecific relationship between the two dominant species, Stipa krylovii and Artemisia frigida. According to our results, Stipa kryloii suppressed A. frigida growth and population development when they grew in mixture, although immediate N and Pr stimulated S. kryloii and A. frigida growth simultaneously. Maternal N and Pr declined S. krylovii dominance and decreased A. frigida competitive suppression to some extent. The transgenerational effect should further facilitate the coexistence of the two species under scenarios of increased nitrogen input and precipitation. If we predicted these species' interspecific relationships based only on immediate environmental effects, we would overestimate S. krylovii's competitive advantage and population development, and underestimate competitive outcome and population development of A. frigida. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the transgenerational effect of maternal environment on offspring interspecific competition must be considered when evaluating population dynamics and community composition under the global change scenario.
Geometric analysis of regime shifts in coral reef communities
Authors: Tekwa Edward W. , McManus Lisa C. , Greiner Ariel , Colton Madhavi A. , Webster Michael M. , Pinsky Malin L. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCoral reefs are among the many communities believed to exhibit regime shifts between alternative stable states, single‐species dominance, and coexistence. Proposed drivers of regime shifts include changes in grazing, spatial clustering, and ocean temperature. Here, we distill the dynamic regimes of coral–macroalgal interaction into a three‐dimensional geometry based on stability, akin to thermodynamic phase diagrams of state transitions, to facilitate analysis. Specific regime‐shifting forces can be understood as trajectories through the cubic regime geometry. This geometric perspective allows us to understand multiple forces simultaneously in terms of the stability and persistence of interacting species. For example, in a coral–macroalgal community, grazing on macroalgae leads to alternative stable states when there is no spatial clustering (e.g., high habitat connectivity), while warming decreases coexistence. However, with spatial clustering, grazing promotes coexistence because of elevated local intraspecific competition. The geometry of regime shifts provides a general framework to analyze two‐species communities and can help conservation efforts navigate complexity and abrupt environmental changes.
Relationship between body mass index, cardiovascular biomarkers and incident heart failure
Authors: Suthahar Navin , Meems Laura M.G. , Groothof Dion , Bakker Stephan J.L. , Gansevoort Ron T. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , de Boer Rudolf A. 
Published: January 2021

AimsThere are limited data examining whether body mass index (BMI) influences the association between cardiovascular biomarkers and incident heart failure (HF).Methods and resultsThirteen biomarkers representing key HF domains were measured: N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), mid‐regional pro‐A‐type natriuretic peptide (MR‐proANP), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), C‐reactive protein, procalcitonin, galectin‐3, C‐terminal pro‐endothelin‐1 (CT‐proET‐1), mid‐regional pro‐adrenomedullin, plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1, copeptin, renin, aldosterone, and cystatin‐C. Associations of biomarkers with BMI were examined using linear regression models, and with incident HF using Cox regression models. We selected biomarkers significantly associated with incident HF, and evaluated whether BMI modified these associations. Among 8202 individuals, 41% were overweight (BMI 25–30 kg/m2), and 16% were obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). Mean age of the cohort was 49 years (range 28–75), and 50% were women. All biomarkers except renin were associated with BMI: inverse associations were observed with NT‐proBNP, MR‐proANP, CT‐proET‐1 and aldosterone whereas positive associations were observed with the remaining biomarkers (all P ≤ 0.001). During 11.3 ± 3.1 years of follow‐up, 357 HF events were recorded. Only NT‐proBNP, MR‐proANP and cTnT remained associated with incident HF (P < 0.001), and a significant biomarker*BMI interaction was not observed (interaction P > 0.1). Combined NT‐proBNP and cTnT measurements modestly improved performance metrics of the clinical HF model in overweight (ΔC‐statistic = 0.024; likelihood ratio χ2 = 38; P < 0.001) and obese (ΔC‐statistic = 0.020; likelihood ratio χ2 = 32; P < 0.001) individuals.ConclusionsPlasma concentrations of several cardiovascular biomarkers are influenced by obesity. Only NT‐proBNP, MR‐proANP and cTnT were associated with incident HF, and BMI did not modify these associations. A combination of NT‐proBNP and cTnT improves HF risk prediction in overweight and obese individuals.
Photoinduced Transformation of Uranyl Nitrate Crown Ether Compounds
Authors: Blanes Díaz Anamar , Kravchuk Dmytro V. , Peroutka Allison A. , Cole Erica , Basile Madeline C. , Forbes Tori Z. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe uranyl cation, (U(VI)O2)2+, has previously demonstrated photocatalytic reactivity in organic solutions, which results in the formation of uranyl peroxide species. Past studies indicated that the phototransformation process typically ends with the formation of uranyl peroxide solid phases. In the current study, we explore the transformation of uranyl nitrate crown ether complexes, (18‐crown‐6)[UO2(NO3)2(H2O)2] ⋅ 2 H2O (1 a), (18‐crown‐6)[UO2(NO3)2(H2O)2] (1 b), and (18‐crown‐6) [K(18‐crown‐6)] [(UO2)2(OH)2(NO3)4(H2O)4] (2) in the presence of ethanol to create a uranyl peroxide intermediate phase, (18‐crown‐6)[(UO2)2(O2)(NO3)2(H2O)4] (3), followed by a second alteration to a black solid (4). These compounds were structurally evaluated using both single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction and then further characterized using Raman, NMR, and XPS spectroscopy. The initial transformation from the yellow uranyl nitrate phase (1 a, 1 b, and 2) to the uranyl peroxide (3) follow previously reported mechanisms. The second transformation to the black phase (4) is likely due to additional degradation of the 18‐crown‐6 molecule as a result of hydrogen abstraction and ring‐opening. In addition, we discuss the nature of confinement effects to impact the hydrogen abstraction process and the possibility that nitrate anions in the system may synergistically enhance the degradation process and lead to the formation of 4.
A Facially Coordinating Tris‐Benzimidazole Ligand for Nonheme Iron Enzyme Models
Authors: Gunasekera Parami S. , Abhyankar Preshit C. , MacMillan Samantha N. , Lacy David C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHerein, we report a new tripodal tris‐benzimidazole ligand (Tbim) that structurally mimics the 3‐His coordination environment of certain nonheme mononuclear iron oxygenases. The coordination chemistry of Tbim was explored with iron(II) revealing a diverse set of coordination modes. The aerobic oxidation of biomimetic model substrate diethyl‐2‐phenylmalonate was studied using the Tbim−Fe and Fe(OTf)2.
Highly Reusable and Active Nanometal−Silicon‐Nanowire Array Hybrid Catalysts for Hydrogenation
Authors: Baek Heeyoel , Sato Takuma , Uozumi Yasuhiro , Yamada Yoichi M. A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHighly reusable and active silicon‐nanowire‐array‐stabilized metal‐nanoparticle (SiNA‐MNP) catalysts are prepared for effective hydrogenation under mild conditions. Monometallic Pd (SiNA‐Pd), platinum (SiNA‐Pt), and rhodium (SiNA‐Rh) nanoparticles are prepared on silicon nanowire arrays by the silver‐nanoparticle‐assisted chemical etching of silicon wafers with a variety of metal precursors. Moreover, bimetallic Pd−Rh (SiNA‐PdRh) and Pd−Pt (SiNA‐PdPt) nanoalloy catalysts are also synthesized in one‐pot processes in mixed‐metal solutions without any reducing agent, such as NaBH4 or H2 gas, and other external factors. The SiNA‐MNP catalysts were characterized by SEM/EDX, TEM, XAFS, XRD, and ICP‐MS. Each catalyst was used to hydrogenate trans‐stilbene in a 0.1 MPa hydrogen atmosphere to assess catalytic activity. Moreover, the SiNA‐PdPt and SiNA‐PdRh alloy catalysts are also robust and stable, with high reusability numbers for hydrogenation.
Multiple‐Oxidation‐State Tungsten‐Oxide Clusters on a Carbon Surface as an Intersection between Molecular and Bulk Oxides
Authors: Wakizaka Masanori , Chun Wang‐Jae , Imaoka Takane , Yamamoto Kimihisa 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBulk tungsten oxides exhibit a wide range of oxidation states, whereas the oxidation states available in molecular oxides such as polyoxometalates (POMs) is limited. In this paper, tungsten oxide clusters with diameters of 1.2±0.4 (W60Ox/C), 1.1±0.4 (W28Ox/C), and 0.9±0.3 nm (W12Ox/C) were produced in a size‐selective manner on graphitic carbon by using a phenyl‐azomethine‐type dendrimer as a template and applying hydrogen reduction after fixing the dendrimers on a support. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the W atoms in the clusters exhibited multiple oxidation states, i. e., Wδ+, W4+, W5+, and W6+. Moreover, X‐ray absorption fine structure measurements indicated the W−W bond length of 2.84–2.85±0.01 Å in these clusters. Auto‐oxidation with adventitious oxygen after hydrogen reduction is proposed as a reasonable mechanism for the formation of these clusters on the carbon surface.
Phosphoric Acid Mediated Light‐Induced Minisci C−H Alkylation of N‐Heteroarenes
Authors: Jin Songyang , Geng Xinxin , Li Yujun , Zheng Ke 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHerein, we report an environmentally‐friendly light‐induced Minisci alkylation of N‐heteroarenes with a broad substrate scope using diphenyl phosphate as catalyst under metal‐ and photocatalyst‐free conditions. The radical precursor redox‐active esters (RAEs) were introduced as alkylating reagents for the functionalization of N‐heteroarene derivatives including pyridine, quinoline, and isoquinoline. Mechanistic studies suggested that diphenyl phosphate played a key role via hydrogen bonding in the catalytic cycle.