bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Intermittent Preventive Therapy in Pregnancy using Sulphadoxine/ Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) Program in Chiredzi District, Zimbabwe, 2021
Authors: Thakataka Amanda Sarah , Mberikunashe Joseph , Mungati More , Juru Tsitsi Patience , Chadambuka Addmore , Gombe Notion Tafara , Tshimanga Mufuta 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background Intermittent Preventive Treatment in Pregnancy (IPTp) with Sulphadoxine/ Pyrimethamine (SP) is used for the prevention of malaria among pregnant women in Zimbabwe. The program is integrated into routine Antenatal care (ANC) where a minimum of three doses is recommended during each pregnancy. The third dose coverage for Chiredzi District has consistently been below the 80% target coverage. We evaluated IPTp implementation in Chiredzi to understand the reasons for underperformance. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using a Process-Outcome evaluation with the Logical Framework Approach. We interviewed 50 women in postnatal care and determined ANC services accessed using their ANC booklets. Health workers were interviewed for knowledge of the program. Stock availability and drug delivery records were reviewed using checklists at five high-volume sites. Epi Info 7.2.4.0™ was used for data capturing and analysis. The software was used to calculate frequencies, medians, proportions, odds ratios and p-values at a 95% confidence interval. The outcome variable was receiving ≥3 doses of SP which was computed against the independent variables such as client-related characteristics to determine which factors were contributory using univariate and bivariate analysis. Results Only 12/50 (24%) women received ≥3 doses of SP during their pregnancy. Two (4%) women started their ANC visits in the first trimester. Thirty-three (66%) had missed at least one SP dose during their ANC visit because of medicine unavailability. Knowing the number of times SP is given (OR 11.9; 95% CI 2.54-55.8) and having attended at least 4 ANC visits (OR 13.6; 95% CI 1.59 -116.0) increased the likelihood of receiving adequate SP dosing. Conclusions The IPTp-SP program in Chiredzi District was underperforming, we attributed this largely to health system factors. Erratic supply and stock-outs of SP resulted in clients missing SP doses. Clients also missed SP doses because of late ANC booking and lack of knowledge on IPTp benefits. Improving stock management and raising community awareness on prevention of malaria among pregnant women was recommended.
Investigation on the Self-synchronization of Dual Steady States for a Vibrating System with Four Unbalanced Rotors
Authors: Chunyu Zhao , Jiang Mengchao , Zhao Chunyu , Wang Yuanhao , Duan Weihai 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the field of vibration utilization engineering, to achieve the maximum degree or the highest efficiency use of the excitation force is still a hotspot among researchers. Based on this, this paper has carried out a series of synchronous theoretical analysis on the four identical unbalanced rotors (IURs) symmetrically and circularly mounted on a rigid frame (RF) model, which is used to drive a cone crusher. The dimensionless coupling equations of the four IURs are established using the improved small parameter method. The analysis of the coupling dynamics characteristics of the system shows that the four motors of the system adjust the speed through the synchronous torque to achieve synchronization, and a parameter determination method for realizing offset self-synchronization to eccentric force was put forward under the steady state of ultra-resonance. Furthermore, the relationship between the equivalent stiffness of the crushed material and crushing force and compression coefficient is discussed, and the design method of the full-load crusher working under the steady state of sub-resonance is proposed. Finally, through a series of computer simulations, the correctness of the self-synchronization of dual steady states is verified.
Turbulent shear flow of solids
Authors: Beygelzimer Yan , Filippov Alexander , Kulagin Roman , Estrin Yuri 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The term ‘solid-state turbulence’ may sound like an oxymoron, but in fact it is not. In this article we demonstrate that solid-state turbulence may emerge owing to a defining property of the solid state: the ability of a solid to retain its shape. We consider shear flow of layers of solids with different stiffness and show that the stiffer ones may spontaneously decompose into a set of blocks. This breakdown of isometry is a key to plasticity of solids and is fundamental for the occurrence of solid-state turbulence. To visualise the piecewise isometric transformations of the blocky structure in a turbulent flow regime, we use a heuristic model based on discretisation of a continuum into interacting ‘particles’. The outcomes of the numerical experiments conducted support the occurrence of pulsations of velocity and pressure in plastically deforming solids and the emergence of vortices characteristic of classical turbulence. This phenomenon may have important practical implications for solid-state mixing as an ecologically beneficial alternative to conventional metallurgical processing routes.
Integrating Online Differential Titrimetry and Dynamic Modelling as Innovative Energy Saving Strategy in a Large Industrial WWTP
Authors: Polizzi Cecilia , Falcioni Serena , Mannucci Alberto , Mori Gualtiero , Nardi Arianna , Munz Giulio , Spennati Francesco 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are required to meet increasingly stringent effluent quality standards as well as to improve process sustainability in terms of energy efficiency, in line with the call for a paradigm shift towards the more sustainable concept of wastewater resource recorvery facility (WRRF). In this context, optimised Instrumentation, Control and Automation (ICA) systems as well as process and plant-wide modelling have become key tools for optimising economic and environmental costs. The present work reports on the succesfull integration of an innovative on-line continuous titrimeter and plant-wide modelling as a support tool for the optimisation of the nitritification unit in a large-scale industrial WWTP. The information gathered from the on-line titrimeter allowed for real-time estimation of the Ammonia Oxidation Rate of the activated sludge and, ultimately, of the nitrification residual capacity of the plant. Results on the titrimeter long-term operation and historical data modelling supported plant managing decisions, such as lowering the DO set-point of the oxidation unit, straightforwardly resulting in energy saving.
Modeling and Analysis of Multi-pass Progressive Flanging Force of Round Metal Tubes
Authors: Hou Xiaoli , Li Yan , Xiao XuDong , Qiu Xu , Yang Mingshun , Gao Xinqin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Pipe flanging is needed extensively in the industrial field, and its technological requirements are complicated and changeable. Currently the special flanging die and equipment are less flexible, while the whole set of equipment cost is high. As a result, pipe flanging technology with strong adaptability is necessary in single-piece or small-batch production. In this paper, a multi-pass progressive flanging process of round metal pipes with ball-end tool bar as forming tool is introduced, and dieless flanging of pipe can be realized by means of numerical control machine. In the dieless flanging process, the feedback and control of flanging force is a key factor for the flanging quality to meet design requirements. Therefore, this paper studies the change of flanging force in the multi-pass progressive flanging process of round metal tubes by combining theory, simulation and experiments. Based on the process of multi-pass progressive flanging of round pipes, an analytical model of the forming force of multi-pass progressive flanging of round pipes is established by taking the micro-element contacting tool bar with pipe as the research object. With the commercial ABAQUS finite element software, the multi-pass progressive flanging process of round pipes is simulated, and the evolution data of stress and strain field of the pipe during flanging process are obtained. Finally, a multi-pass progressive flanging test system is set up, and the three-dimensional forming force on the tool bar in flanging is measured. The flanging force measured by analytical calculation, finite element simulation and experiment is in good agreement. When the flanging angle is small, the radial forming force is the largest, followed by the axial forming force. As the flanging angle increases, the difference between radial forming force and axial forming force decreases gradually. When the flanging angle is greater than 30 to 40 degrees, the axial forming force becomes the largest, followed by the radial forming force.
Impact of Type, Dose and Duration of Oral Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Disease Activity in Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sigaux Johanna , Mathieu Sylvain , Nguyen Yann , Sanchez Pauline , Letarouilly Jean-Guillaume , Soubrier Martin , Czernichow Sébastien , Flipo René-Marc , Sellam Jérémie , Daïen Claire 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation has been reported to improve disease activity in inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD). However, data are often conflicting and studies insufficiently large to draw conclusions. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aimed to better estimate the effect of oral supplementation with omega (n)-3 and n-6 PUFA on IRD activity in terms of duration, dose, type and source.Methods. The literature was searched in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases up to October 2020. Studies were reviewed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The effect of PUFA supplementation on disease activity was expressed as the standardized mean difference (95% CI). Metaregression and subgroup analyses involved type of IRD, Jadad score, PUFA source (animal or vegetable) and doses. Results. We obtained 42 references; 30 randomized controlled studies were included comparing the effects of PUFA versus control on disease activity (710 IRD patients receiving PUFA supplementation and 710 controls, most with rheumatoid arthritis). We found a significant improvement in pain, swollen and tender joint count, Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, and Health Assessment Questionnaire score in IRD patients receiving PUFA supplementation as compared with controls, with a significant decrease in erythrocyte sedimentation rate but not C-reactive protein level. Although meta-regression revealed no difference by IRD type or source or dose of PUFA supplementation, subgroup analysis revealed more parameters significantly improved with animal- than vegetable-derived PUFAs and 3-to 6-month supplementation. Most studies examined high-dose supplementation (>2 g/day). Conclusion. PUFA consumption, especially omega-3 from animal source >2 g/day, may improve IRD activity and might be an adjuvant therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Trial registration. The protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021253685).
Astrocytic Nrf2 Expression Protects Spinal Cord From Oxidative Stress in a Spinal Cord Injury Animal Model
Authors: Zhao Weiyi , Gasterich Natalie , Clarner Tim , Voelz Clara , Behrens Victoria , Beyer Cordian , Fragoulis Athanassios , Zendedel Adib 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSpinal cord injury (SCI) induces a multitude of deleterious processes, including neuroinflammation and oxidative stress (OS) which contributed to neuronal damage and demyelination. Recent studies have suggested that increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the consequent OS are critical events associated with SCI. However, there is still little information regarding the impact of these events on SCI. Astrocytes are key regulators of oxidative homeostasis in the CNS and astrocytic antioxidant responses promote the clearance of oxidants produced by neurons. Therefore, dysregulation of astrocyte physiology might largely contribute to oxidative damage. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is the main transcriptional regulator of cellular anti-oxidative stress responses. MethodsIn the current study, using mice with a GFAP-specific kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-deletion, we induced a hyperactivation of Nrf2 in astrocytes and further its effects on SCI outcomes. SCI-induction was performed in mice using the Infinite Horizon Spinal Cord Impactor with a force of 60 kdyn. To assess the quantitative pattern of Nrf2/ARE-activation, we included transgenic ARE-Luc mice. Data were analyzed with GraphPad Prism 8 (GraphPad Software Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Brown-Forsythe test was performed to test for equal variances and normal distribution was tested with Shapiro-Wilk.ResultsIn ARE-Luc mice, a significant induction of luciferase-activity was observed as early as 1 day post injury, indicating a functional role of Nrf2-activity at the epicenter of SCI. Further, SCI induced loss of neurons and oligodendrocytes, demyelination and inflammation in wild type mice. The loss of myelin and oligodendrocytes was clearly reduced in Keap1 KO mice. In addition, Keap-1 KO mice showed a significantly better locomotor function and lower neuroinflammation responses compared to wild type mice. ConclusionsIn summary, our in vivo bioluminescence data showed Nrf2-ARE activation during primary phase of SCI. Further, we found that cell specific hyperactivation of Nrf2 was sufficient to protect the spinal cord against injury which indicate a promising therapeutic approach for SCI-treatment.
Efficiency of a Novel Vertebral Body Augmentation System (Tektona™) in Non-osteoporotic Spinal Fractures
Authors: Marie-Hardy Laura , Mohsinaly Yann , Pietton Raphaël , Stencel-Allemand Marion , Khalifé Marc , Bonaccorsi Raphaël , Barut Nicolas , Pascal-Moussellard Hugues 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe restauration of the local kyphosis is crucial for spinal fractures outcomes. Recently, the Tektona™, (Spine Art) system, constituted by a flexible lamella for reduction has emerged as a promising solution for osteoporotic fractures. However, no study has yet focused on its results on traumatic fractures. MethodsA retrospective longitudinal study on prospectively collected data was conducted on 53 patients. The data collected were clinical, surgical and scannographic (measurement of AVH, MVH and PVH (anterior/medium/posterior vertebral height), and RTA (regional traumatic angle) in°), preoperatively, early post-operative and at follow-up. ResultsFractures were mainly located at the upper lumbar spine and were Magerl A3.1 type for 51%. The mean RTA was 12° in pre-operative, 4° in post-operative (p=2e-9), and 8° at the last follow-up (p=0,01). The mean correction of RTA for the fixation group was -10±6° versus -7±4° for the vertebroplasty alone group (p=0,006). The mean correction for fractures located at T10-T12 was -9±3°, -9±5° for L1, -8±3° for L2 and -5±3° for L3-L5 (p=0,045). ConclusionsThe Tektona® system appears to be efficient for acute thoraco-lumbar fractures, comparable to other available systems, allowing a real intracorporeal reduction work. Its relevance, especially in the long term needs further investigation. The association of a percutaneous fixation allow to obtain a better correction of the RTA but did not seem to prevent the loss of correction at follow-up.
Effect Analysis of Iliac Bone Autografting for Hepple V Osteochondral Lesions of The Talus
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Dong , Zhang Fengqi , Jin Lin , Shi Donglin , Hou Zhiyong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThis study aimed to analyze the efficacy of iliac bone autografting for Hepple V osteochondral lesions of the talus.MethodsThis retrospective study included 32 patients surgically treated for Hepple V osteochondral lesions of the talus from January 2015 to January 2020. All patients underwent open surgery. Ipsilateral iliac bone grafts were taken and filled with talar cartilage injury area. The improvement of postoperative ankle pain was evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the improvement of ankle function was evaluated by the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS). During the postoperative follow-up, X-ray examination of the front and side of the ankle joint and CT of the ankle joint were performed to evaluate the bone cartilage healing in the graft area.ResultsThirty-two patients (32 ankles) (100%) returned for clinical and radiologic follow-up at an average of 28 (range, 24–36) months postoperatively. At 3 months postoperatively and at the last follow-up, the AOFAS scores were (80.4±3.6) and (89.2±6.4) respectively, which were significantly improved compared with the preoperative score (49.7 ± 8.1), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The VAS scores were (2.1±0.9) and (1.5±0.8) respectively, which were significantly better than the preoperative score (6.2±1.7), and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). Re-examination of the front and side of the ankle joint x-rays and CT showed that the bone bone healing at the osteotomy of medial malleolus and osteochondral transplantation area. All patients had no pain at the donor site. No complications occurred in 32 patients at the last follow-up.ConclusionsWith iliac bone autografting for Hepple V osteochondral lesions of the talus can effectively relieve ankle joint pain and significantly improved ankle function. The clinical effect is remarkable.Level of evidence：Leve III, Retrospective series.
IR783 Encapsulated in TR-conjugated Liposomes for Enhancing NIR Imaging-guided Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Lv Jiajia , Luan Tianjiao , Yang Mingyan , Wang Mengmeng , Gao Jie , Yuan Zeli 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We developed an integrin αvβ3-specific liposomes, TR-conjugated liposomes (TR-LPs), loading IR783 for NIR imaging-guided both PTT and PDT. The TR-LPs was composed of soyabeanphosphatidylcholine, cholesterol, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine- N- [methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG) and TR-functionalized DSPE-PEG. IR783, NIR PTT/PDT diagnostic agents, were encapsulated in the hydrophilic core of the TR-LPs. DSPE-PEG had ability of reducing the absorption of TR-LPs by the reticuloendothelial system and increase the cycle time in body. RGD fragment on the TR peptide (TR = c(RGD)-AGYLLGHINLHHLAHL(Aib)HHIL-cys) enhanced the tumor selectivity of liposomes by specifically targeting integrin αvβ3-overexpressing cancer cells. Simultaneously, the rest of fragment on the TR peptide can be changed to the positive charge in the tumor microenvironment (pH 6.5), improving cellular uptake of photoagents at tumor site. We executed a set of in vitro and in vivo experiments to verify if, by functionalizing liposomes with an integrin αvβ3-specific and pH responding peptide, it is possible to achieve NIR imaging guided PTT/PDT for tumor treatment. TR-conjugated liposomes exhibited favorable physical and chemical stability, loading capacity, biocompatibility and tumor targeting. TR-LPs can safely and efficiently delivery IR783 to tumor sites to achieve their therapeutic function. IR783-TR-LPs is promising as a potentially safe and effective phototherapeutic agents for NIR fluorescence-guided tumor therapy applications.
A Survey of Methylobacterium Species and Strains Reveals Widespread Production and Varying Profiles of Cytokinin Phytohormones
Authors: Palberg Daniel , Kisiała Anna , Jorge Gabriel Lemes , Emery R. J. Neil 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSymbiotic Methylobacterium strains comprise a significant part of plant microbiomes. Their presence enhances plant productivity and stress resistance, prompting classification of these strains as plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Methylobacteria can synthesize unusually high levels of plant hormones, called cytokinins (CKs), including the most active form, trans-Zeatin (tZ). ResultsThis study provides a comprehensive inventory of 46 representatives of Methylobacterium genus with respect to phytohormone production in vitro, including 16 CK forms, abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). High performance-liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analyses revealed varying abilities of Methylobacterium strains to secrete phytohormones that ranged from 5.09 to 191.47 pmol mL-1 for total CKs, and 0.46 to 82.16 pmol mL-1 for tZ. Results indicate that reduced methanol availability, the sole carbon source for bacteria in the medium, stimulates CK secretion by Methylobacterium. Additionally, select strains were able to transform L-tryptophan into IAA while no ABA production was detected.ConclusionsTo better understand features of CKs in plants, this study uncovers CK profiles of Methylobacterium that are instrumental in microbe selection for effective biofertilizer formulations.
Construction and Properties of Ag-I Polymeric Clusters Attach With Nitrogen Heterocyclic Transition Metal Moiety
Authors: Liu Min , Xin Yu , Xing Yong Heng , Bai Fengying , Shi Zhan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Two silver cluster compounds {[Co(1,10′-phen)3]2‧[Ag8I12]} (1) and {[Co(2, 2′-bipy)3]‧[Ag10I11]‧(OH)‧3DMF‧2H2O} (2) (1,10′-phen=1,10′-phenanthroline, 2, 2′-bipy=2,2′-bipyridine) were designed and synthesized by solvent evaporation method. The two silver cluster compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray powder diffraction. The crystal structures of compounds 1 and 2 were determined by X-ray crystallography diffraction. Through the electrostatic interaction between the metallic Ag cluster moiety and the metallic Co cluster moiety, form stable interlaced layered super molecular structures. In order to explore functional properties, the catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol and electrochemical behavior of compounds 1 and 2 were explored. The results show that compounds 1 and 2 can efficiently catalyze the reduction of p-nitrophenol in the aqueous solution, and the reduction and removal rate can reach more than 90%.
Challenges and Solutions for The Promotion of Medical Sciences Faculty Members in Iran: A Systematic Review
Authors: Salajegheh Mahla , Hekmat Somayeh Noori , Macky Maryam 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Faculty members play an important role in achieving the goals of higher education and take the responsibility of educating and disciplining students. This research aimed to investigate the challenges and concerns facing faculty member promotion regulations and provide appropriate solutions.Method: This study was a systematic review conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, Eric, Web of Science, Cochrane, SID, Magiran, and Irandoc journals and databases with Persian and English keywords in the period from 2015 to 2020. Titles, abstracts, and full texts were screened and the data were extracted over two authors. Results: Thirteen articles were included. Challenges to promotion of faculty members were reviewed and grouped into five main categories: 1) the general regulations for the promotion of faculty members, 2) cultural, disciplinary, and social activities, 3) educational activities, 4) research-technology activities, and 5) scientific-executive activities. Conclusion: Despite several amendments to regulations for the promotion of faculty members, this process always encounters challenges due to the complex nature of its related tasks. This article provides tips to policymakers on regulations of promotion for educational activities.