bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Development State to Corporate Leviathan: Historicizing the Infrastructural Performativity of Digital Platforms within Kenyan Agriculture
Authors: Mann Laura , Iazzolino Gianluca 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTWhile there is growing literature on the role of platforms in concentrating market power, this article centres on their role in ‘performing’ economic theory. As infrastructures that measure, monitor and ultimately compel human behaviour, the authors argue that digital platforms should be understood as ‘performative infrastructures’ that seek to incorporate informal populations by compelling behaviour in line with certain theoretical and commercial models. The article draws on secondary historical literature and primary research with Kenyan and international agritech developers, farmers, and representatives from international organizations, regulators and farmer organizations, to historicize contemporary ‘platformization’ within a longer history of infrastructural performativity in rural Kenya, in order to tease out both continuities and departures from the past. While contemporary technologists evoke similar justifications for top‐down control over markets as did their analogue predecessors, they nonetheless seek to vest such power within the private sector and to use it to perform neoclassical theory. The authors argue that this particular orientation is not an intrinsic feature of the technology itself but is rather shaped by a longer history of shifting policy paradigms.
Why corporate board insiders still matter: Evidence using aggregate earnings shocks
Authors: Mukherjee Shibashish , Bonestroo H. Jelle M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCorporate governance research lacks clarity on why, when, and what types of firms appoint non‐CEO board insiders because of the primary academic focus on board independence. While executive monitoring is relevant, it is equally salient to understand why firms appoint non‐CEO insiders to the boards. This concern is especially relevant when firms face financial difficulties during periods of macro hardship. Using the corporate socialization theory, we suggest that board insiders likely generate firm‐specific private information by utilizing their long‐tenured firm‐focused corporate experience. It would result in a unique form of non‐fungible expertise that firms would find valuable during macro hardships. Employing a difference‐in‐difference research design, consistent with our theory, we document that when firms experience a cross‐country macro hardship such as an aggregate earnings shock, they appoint long‐tenured and firm‐focused non‐CEO board insiders. We further show that financially distressed firms have a higher demand for such directors.
Revision of the Japanese species of Metanipponaphis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its allied genera
Authors: Aoki Shigeyuki , Kurosu Utako , Fukatsu Takema , Yeh Hsin‐Ting , Kutsukake Mayako 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSpecies of the aphid genus Metanipponaphis (Hormaphidinae: Nipponaphidini) form galls on Distylium racemosum and migrate to Castanopsis trees. Japanese species of Metanipponaphis and its allied genera were revised based on molecular phylogenetic analyses. The genera Monzenia and Lithoaphis were united with Metanipponaphis, and Metanipponaphis was adopted as the valid name for the genus. Neonipponaphis shiiae was found belonging to another clade containing Nipponaphis species. The gall or primary‐host generation of M. shiicola was recorded for the first time. Little difference was found in their nucleotide sequences between M. cuspidatae, a host‐alternating species, and M. ihai, a monoecious species on D. racemosum. The molecular phylogenetic analyses also showed that the monoecious M. globuli is a sister species of the host‐alternating M. shiicola. The taxonomy and biology of six Metanipponaphis species and N. shiiae were reviewed, with keys to the species based on the apterous adults and first‐instar nymphs on Castanopsis spp.
Making the digital economy “fit for Europe”
Authors: Renda Andrea 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOver the past three decades, cyberspace has gradually become an engine of unsustainable outcomes from an economic, social and environmental perspective. The European Commission has launched several new initiatives, in the attempt to restore public control over cyberspace, remedy the distributional imbalances generated by the rise of large‐scale digital platforms, and promote Europe's digital sovereignty. The paper argues that only by embedding rules and values in “code” and preserving openness towards the rest of the world will the EU manage to achieve its desired goals. Current initiatives such as the data strategy, the AI regulation, the Digital Services Act and the European Cloud Federation appear still too sparse and uncoordinated to really deliver on Europe's ambition to lead the world in the sustainable use of technology.
Long‐term increases in pathogen seroprevalence in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) influenced by climate change
Authors: Pilfold Nicholas W. , Richardson Evan S. , Ellis John , Jenkins Emily , Scandrett W. Brad , Hernández‐Ortiz Adrián , Buhler Kayla , McGeachy David , Al‐Adhami Batol , Konecsni Kelly , Lobanov Vladislav A. , Owen Megan A. , Rideout Bruce , Lunn Nicholas J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe influence of climate change on wildlife disease dynamics is a burgeoning conservation and human health issue, but few long‐term studies empirically link climate to pathogen prevalence. Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are vulnerable to the negative impacts of sea ice loss as a result of accelerated Arctic warming. While studies have associated changes in polar bear body condition, reproductive output, survival, and abundance to reductions in sea ice, no long‐term studies have documented the impact of climate change on pathogen exposure. We examined 425 serum samples from 381 adult polar bears, collected in western Hudson Bay (WH), Canada, for antibodies to selected pathogens across three time periods: 1986–1989 (n = 157), 1995–1998 (n = 159) and 2015–2017 (n = 109). We ran serological assays for antibodies to seven pathogens:Toxoplasma gondii,Neospora caninum,Trichinellaspp.,Francisella tularensis,Bordetella bronchiseptica, canine morbillivirus (CDV) and canine parvovirus (CPV). Seroprevalence of zoonotic parasites (T. gondii,Trichinellaspp.) and bacterial pathogens (F. tularensis,B. bronchiseptica) increased significantly between 1986–1989 and 1995–1998, ranging from +6.2% to +20.8%, withT. gondiicontinuing to increase into 2015–2017 (+25.8% overall). Seroprevalence of viral pathogens (CDV, CPV) andN. caninumdid not change with time.Toxoplasma gondiiseroprevalence was higher following wetter summers, while seroprevalences ofTrichinellaspp. andB. bronchisepticawere positively correlated with hotter summers. Seroprevalence of antibodies toF. tularensisincreased following years polar bears spent more days on land, and polar bears previously captured in human settlements were more likely to be seropositive forTrichinellaspp. As the Arctic has warmed due to climate change, zoonotic pathogen exposure in WH polar bears has increased, driven by numerous altered ecosystem pathways.
Clinicopathological findings in patients with COVID‐19‐associated ischaemic enterocolitis
Authors: Zhang M Lisa , Jacobsen Frank , Pepe‐Mooney Brian J , Mino‐Kenudson Mari , Deshpande Vikram , Shih Angela R , Mattia Anthony R , Goessling Wolfram , Hwabejire John O , Velmahos George C , Misdraji Joseph 
Published: July 2021

AimsCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been recognised as a predominantly respiratory tract infection, but some patients manifest severe systemic symptoms/coagulation abnormalities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of severe COVID‐19 infection on the gastrointestinal tract.Methods and resultsWe examined clinicopathological findings in 28 resected ischaemic bowels from 22 patients with severe COVID‐19. Most patients required intubation preoperatively and presented with acute decompensation shortly before surgery. D‐dimer levels were markedly elevated in all measured cases (mean, 5394 ng/ml). Histologically, 25 cases (19 patients) showed evidence of acute ischaemia with necrosis. In this group, the most characteristic finding was the presence of small vessel fibrin thrombi (24 of 25 cases, 96%), which were numerous in 64% of cases. Patients with COVID‐19 were significantly more likely than a control cohort of 35 non‐COVID‐19‐associated acute ischaemic bowels to show isolated small intestine involvement (32% versus 6%, P < 0.001), small vessel fibrin thrombi (100% versus 43%, P < 0.001), submucosal vessels with fibrinous degeneration and perivascular neutrophils (90% versus 54%, P < 0.001), fibrin strands within submucosal vessels (58% versus 20%, P = 0.007), and histological evidence of pneumatosis (74% versus 34%, P = 0.010). Three cases in this cohort had histopathological findings normally seen in the setting of chronic ischaemia, notably prominent fibroblastic proliferation affecting the outer layer of the muscularis propria.ConclusionsHerein, we describe the histopathological findings in COVID‐19‐associated ischaemic bowels and postulate a relationship with the hypercoagulable state seen in patients with severe COVID‐19 infection. Additional experience with these cases may further elucidate specific features or mechanisms of COVID‐19‐associated ischaemic enterocolitis.
Intratumoral budding is associated with poor clinical outcome in early‐stage clear cell carcinoma of ovary*
Authors: Lin Lawrence Hsu , Zamuco Ronaldo DeLeon , Shukla Pratibha Sharma 
Published: July 2021

AimsClear cell carcinoma of ovary (CCC) is considered a high‐grade malignancy by default and the role of histological grading for assessing clinical outcome is not established. We aimed to evaluate histopathological features associated with clinical outcome in CCC patients.Methods and resultsSeventy‐six cases of CCC with available clinical follow‐up information were studied. Histopathological features, including tumour size, architectural patterns, nuclear atypia, mitotic activity, intratumoral and peritumoral inflammation, presence of endometriosis, peritumoral and intratumoral budding, were evaluated. Multivariate analysis was performed with logistic regression and Kaplan–Meier survival curves with the log‐rank test were used for survival analysis. Forty cases (53%) presented at stage I. Complete response to treatment was achieved in 65%, while 35% of patients had tumour recurrence or progression of disease despite treatment. At last follow‐up, 13% had died of disease, 20% were alive with disease and 67% had no evidence of disease. Higher stage (P = 0.0016) and presence of intratumoral budding (P = 0.0454) were independently associated with recurrence/disease progression. Advanced stage (P = 0.0011), presence of lymph node involvement (P = 0.0003), intratumoral budding (P = 0.0023) and peritumoral budding (P = 0.0334) were significantly associated with shorter survival. Intratumoral budding was significantly associated with recurrent/progressive disease (P = 0.0195) and also shorter survival (P = 0.0277) within the cohort of low‐stage (I/II) patients as well.ConclusionWe have shown that besides the classic prognostic factors of stage and lymph node status, the presence of tumour budding is associated with poorer outcome in patients with CCC. Specifically, evaluation of intratumoral budding may help to more clearly predict prognosis in patients with early‐stage disease.
Some pleomorphic adenomas of the breast share PLAG1 rearrangements with the analogous tumour of the salivary glands
Authors: Ma Shirong , Zhao Danhui , Liu Yixiong , Rohr Joseph , Zhang Fan , Ma Ying , Gong Li , Shi Huijuan , Wang Yingmei , Fan Linni , Qin Junhui , Wang Zhe , Guo Shuangping 
Published: July 2021

AimsPleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the breast, and especially its malignant transformation, is extremely rare and represents a diagnostic pitfall. Molecular alterations in this entity have not been investigated. We aimed to examine the clinicopathological features of our breast PAs and perform molecular analysis.Methods and resultsSeven cases of breast PA, including two cases of carcinoma ex PA, were analysed. PLAG1 and HMGA2 gene rearrangements were assayed by fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) and RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq), respectively. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and Sanger sequencing were used to verify RNA sequencing results. All seven cases of breast PA occurred in women. The histological features were similar to the analogous tumour in salivary glands, including a dual epithelial–myoepithelial component and negativity of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) by immunohistochemistry. Of the two cases with carcinoma ex PA, one demonstrated minimal invasion and one was extensively invasive. PLAG1 rearrangements were identified in two cases (28.6%), but no rearrangements of HMG2A were found. A novel fusion product in PAs, TRPS1–PLAG1, was identified in one case. No patients had recurrence or metastasis with a follow‐up period of 6–158 months.ConclusionsBreast PA is rare, but it is an important differential diagnosis of breast pathology with the potential to develop carcinoma ex PA. We report a novel TRPS1–PLAG1 fusion gene in breast PA.
Interrogating the impact of combination antiretroviral therapies on HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders
Authors: Sharma Ishta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesAlthough the advent of Combination Antiretroviral Therapy (cART) has greatly reduced the prevalence of HIV‐Associated Dementia, the most severe form of HIV‐Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND), the incidence of the milder forms of HAND have risen. The explanations proposed include persistent central nervous system (CNS) viraemia and the neurotoxicity of chronic cART regimens. Nonetheless, controversies in HAND prevalence estimates, alongside a lack of consensus on the significance of CNS Penetration Effectiveness (CPE) have added to the complexity of elucidating the role of cART in HAND. The present review will evaluate the evidence underlying these explanations, as well as highlighting the need for improved trial designs and the incorporation of emerging biomarkers and neuroimaging tools.MethodsA review of the current literature investigating cART neurotoxicity, controversies in HAND prevalence estimates, CNS Penetration Effectiveness, and neuroprotective adjuvant therapies.ConclusionsUltimately, the inadequacy of cART in achieving complete preservation of the CNS underscores the imminent need for neuroprotective adjuvant therapies, where the efficacy of combining multiple adjuvant classes presents a potential therapeutic frontier which must be interrogated.
HPV 16 and 18 contribute to development of anal dysplasia in HIV infection irrespective of gender and sexual orientation
Authors: Squillace Nicola , Bernasconi Davide Paolo , Lapadula Giuseppe , Soria Alessandro , Sabbatini Francesca , Colella Elisa , Rossi Marianna , Tamburini Andrea Marco , Leone Biagio Eugenio , Brenna Ambrogio , Malandrin Sergio , Cavallero Annalisa , Di Lucia Adriana , Braga Marco , Bonfanti Paolo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the present study was too investigate prevalence and persistence of human papilloma virus (HPV) and cytological abnormalities (CAs) in the anal swabs of people living with HIV (PLWH): men who have sex with men (MSM), men who have sex with women (MSW) and women (W).MethodsBetween March 2010 and January 2019, an anal swab for cytological and HPV genotyping tests was offered to all PLWH attending our clinic. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of infection.ResultsIn all, 354 PLWH were screened: 174 MSM, 90 MSW and 61 W. Prevalence of at least one high‐risk (HR) HPV was higher in MSM (91%) and W (85%) than in MSW (77%) (P < 0.05). Cytological abnormalities were found in 21.1% of the entire population. At multivariable regression analysis a lower risk for HPV infection was found for W than for MSM [odds ratio = 0.24 (95% confidence interval: 0.115–0.513)] and for MSW than for MSM [0.37 (0.180–0.773)] and there was a significantly higher risk of CAs in PLWH with HPV 16 and 18 [3.3 (1.04–10.49)]. A total of 175 PLWH (103 MSM, 33 MSW and 26 W) had at least one follow‐up visit (T1) after a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 3.6 (2.1–5.7) years. The acquisition rate of HR‐HPV was high, with 66.7% of PLWH negative for HR‐HPV at T0 who became positive at T1 (P < 0.001). The prevalence of CAs was stable (20.6%). A significant association between CAs at T1 and persistence of HPV‐16 and/or 18 was found (P < 0.05).ConclusionsHPV 16 and 18 are associated with the presence and development of CAs irrespective of sexual orientation.
What level of native beetle diversity can be supported by forestry plantations? A global synthesis
Authors: López‐Bedoya Pablo A. , Magura Tibor , Edwards Felicity A. , Edwards David P. , Rey‐Benayas José M. , Lövei Gábor L. , Noriega Jorge Ari 
Published: July 2021

AbstractForestry plantations have been established globally to meet timber demands, often leading to the conversion of natural to artificial forests. Forestry plantations may support natural elements of forest biodiversity, but understanding their role in the maintenance of biodiversity is a crucial question.We performed a meta‐analysis of 48 studies to determine how forestry plantations relative to natural forests influence the species richness and abundance of three important coleopteran groups (i.e., ground beetles, rove beetles, and dung beetles), given their essential role in ecosystem functioning.We assessed whether beetle responses depended on taxonomic group, geographical location, native or exotic character of the planted tree species, and associated management characteristics (i.e., composition, size, age, and connectivity of the plantations).We found that forestry plantations negatively affected coleopteran species richness and abundance compared to natural forests. The negative impact was most severe in plantations with exotic tree species and located in tropical biomes.Species richness and abundance of beetles significantly increased with plantation age in native plantations but decreased in exotic ones. Also, small plantations close to native forest had higher beetle species richness and abundance than ones located far away from native forest.Stopping the conversion of natural forests to plantations, promoting the use of native tree species, and lengthening rotations are critical for allowing biodiversity recovery in forestry plantations, combined with a robust conservation strategy to protect threatened biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.
Differences between perceived age and chronological age in women: A multi‐ethnic and multi‐centre study
Authors: Voegeli Rainer , Schoop Rotraut , Prestat‐Marquis Elodie , Rawlings Anthony V. , Shackelford Todd K. , Fink Bernhard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveAccuracy in assessing age from facial cues is important in social perception given reports of strong negative correlations between perceived age and assessments of health and attractiveness. In a multi‐ethnic and multi‐centre study, we previously documented similar patterns of female facial age assessments across ethnicities, influenced by gender and ethnicity of assessors.MethodsHere we extend these findings by examining differences between estimated age from digital portraits and chronological age (Δ age) for 180 women from three age groups (20–34, 35–49, 50–66 years) and five ethnicities (36 images of each ethnicity, assessed for age on a continuous scale by 120 female and male raters of each ethnicity).ResultsAcross ethnicities, Δ age was smallest in French assessors and largest in South African assessors. Numerically, French women were judged oldest and Chinese women youngest relative to chronological age. In younger women, Δ age was larger than in middle‐aged and older women. This effect was particularly evident when considering the interaction of women's age with assessor gender and ethnicity, independently and together, on Δ age.ConclusionCollectively, our findings suggest that accuracy in assessments of female age from digital portraits depends on the chronological age and ethnicity of the photographed women and the ethnicity and gender of the assessor. We discuss the findings concerning ethnic variation in skin pigmentation and visible signs of ageing and comment on implications for cosmetic science.
Identification of key enzymes involved in the accumulation of carotenoids during fruit ripening of Lycium barbarum L. by a proteomic approach
Authors: Zhao Xiaolu , Zhang Xikang , Liu Jun , Li Dongdong , Tao Yingmei , Tian Yutan , Li Peipei , Sun Shaoyi , Liu Dunhua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)‐based proteomic approach was used to identify the key enzymes involved in the carotenoids accumulation from flowering to maturity stage of Lycium barbarum L. A total of 1,799 differentially expressed proteins were identified, and 190 were related to carotenoids metabolism. Six enzymes, including phytoene synthase, phytoene desaturase, zeta‐carotene desaturase, P450 carotenoid beta‐ring hydroxylase (LUT5), neoflavin synthase and nine‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase were found to be associated with the carotenoid accumulation during L. barbarum ripening by the proteomic analysis and qRT‐PCR. The changes in the chromaticity and carotenoid contents during fruit ripening were also studied. The contents of carotenoid, except violaxanthin were strongly correlated with the expression levels of the key enzymes, and the colours were strongly correlated with the contents of carotenoid. This study may contribute to further investigations of the accumulation mechanism of carotenoids in L. barbarum.
Cultural issues on accessing mental health services in Nepali and Iranian migrants communities in the UK
Authors: Simkhada Bibha , Vahdaninia Mariam , van Teijlingen Edwin , Blunt Hannah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMental health in Black Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities is a rising public health concern in the UK, with key challenges around accessing mental health services. Our understanding of mental health issues in the growing Nepali and Iranian communities in the UK is very limited. Therefore, this study aims to explore the major factors affecting access to, and engagement with NHS mental health services. This study used a qualitative approach comprising in‐depth interviews with seven Nepali, eight Iranians and six community mental health workers in the south of England. The data were analysed using a thematic approach. Six themes were identified: (1) stigma and fear; (2) gender; (3) language; (4) tradition and culture; (5) family involvement; and (6) lack of cultural awareness in health workers, all appearing to be major issues. This study contributes to a shared understanding of mental illness within two given cultural contexts to promote early interventions in UK mental health services. Developing cross‐cultural perspectives in health care should be a priority in practice.