bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing structural changes in energy materials: A novel multi sample capillary setup for in house powder X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Stüble Pirmin , Binder Joachim R. , Geßwein Holger 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLithium ion batteries (LIBs) are currently a major subject of applied electrochemical research as there is a fast growing demand of electrochemical energy storage, driven by the transformation of the automotive sector and the expansion of renewable energies. One of the key strategies to improve LIBs is the optimization of the cathode active materials (CAMs). Therefore, in order to find structure property relations, both crystallographic and electrochemical properties need to be investigated and well understood. However, standard laboratory powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) possibly comes to its limit when minor structural variations such as atomic defects, cation order, or minor impurity phases are addressed. In order to focus on such minor structural changes and to find decisive differences in crystalline properties of battery materials, a multi‐sample capillary setup for a multipurpose in‐house PXRD setup was developed. The latter is made up from a six‐circle diffractometer, a microfocus molybdenum rotating anode, and a 2D area detector. The capillary spinner itself is made from commercial components and simple custom‐made adapters. A goniometer head is installed on a rotary module and sample spinning is enabled by a 12 V gear motor. Mounted on a xyz‐stage of the diffractometer, the position of the rotating capillary exposed to the primary beam can be varied while remaining perfectly aligned in the center of the diffractometer. Hence, by packing up to 10 different powder samples separated from each other into a single glass capillary, subsequent measurements of all samples can be carried out without remounting or readjustment. Within a series of samples, the setup is extremely reliable, precise, and accurate, while errors originating from sample displacement, misalignment, or calibration are minimized.
University shares strategies for fall 2021 enrollment success
Authors: Pavlik Amelia 
Published: November 2021

A 21% increase — that's how much Eastern Michigan University's freshmen enrollment went up from fall 2020 to fall 2021 (from 1,863 to 2,255). “We're in the midst of what will ultimately be a 20% decline in graduating high school seniors in Michigan,” said Kevin Kucera, Vice President of Enrollment Management at EMU. “And regional public universities like ours are feeling the pressure that comes with this decline. So over the last few years, we've really zeroed in on things we can do to address our numbers. Not only have we increased our enrollment, but we also welcomed our most academically prepared class this year with an average of 3.43 GPA. And 44% of incoming students self‐reported a diverse background for ethnicity, which was up 12% from the previous year.”
Study on annular pressure buildup phenomenon in subsea wells considering the effect of cement
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhang Hui , Li Jun , Sun Tengfei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn marine fossil energy production, annular pressure buildup (APB) caused by temperature increase is a widely concerned problem and needs to be solved urgently in subsea wells. To study and predict APB and avoid consequent safety accidents and economic losses, a novel model is proposed to predict APB considering the effect of cement. The model has a wider application range by considering the dynamic change of thermal properties and mass change of the annular fluid. Laboratory experiments were conducted to verify the accuracy of the proposed model. Then a case study and mitigation evaluation were conducted to make the further analysis. Research results show that cement has a significant effect on APB, ignoring the cement may bring potential danger. The height of cement affects APB differently when the top of cement (TOC) is above and below the previous casing shoes. Making the TOC below the previous casing shoe could provide a leakage surface for annular fluid. It is an effective method for APB mitigation but a balance needs to be struck between wellbore integrity and mitigation effect. Gas or foam injection is another effective method to mitigate APB. The necessary gas volume varies with the annular pressure and initial gas pressure and needs to be determined according to the actual condition, especially in deepwater wells.
Removal of sugar sweetened beverages from sale in a hospital setting—Consumer opinion and influence on purchasing behavior
Authors: Tinney Melissa , Rittinger Rowena , Tomlinson Kate , Borg Dan , Warzel Aleksandra , O’Sullivan Mairead , Nyanhanda Tafadzwa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIssue addressedThis study investigated the impact of removing sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) from sale in a regional health service. Drink purchasing patterns were measured by product ordering data. Consumer opinion regarding the intervention, self‐reported packaged drink purchase and consumption were also explored.MethodsPackaged drinks were classified into two categories, SSB or non‐SSB and drink types. Drink sales were determined by the collection of product ordering data for all packaged drink types sold, six months prior to and twelve months after the removal of SSBs. A consumer survey was undertaken six months after SSB removal to assess consumer opinion regarding SSB removal, self‐reported SSB consumption and purchase. Descriptive and Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests analyses assessed differences in packaged drinks purchase, self‐reported SSB consumption and purchase. Open‐ended survey responses were thematically analysed.ResultsThe median monthly number of juices, and diet drinks ordered increased significantly (P = .05). 59% of the survey respondents regularly consumed SSBs and 58% agreed or strongly agreed with removing SSBs from sale. However, some consumers felt it was a removal of their freedom of choice.ConclusionsRemoving SSBs from sale can result in consumers making healthier purchases. There was support for the initiative as it is seen as the responsibility of the health service to role model healthy eating behaviours.So what?This study indicates removal of SSBs from sale is a promising health promotion intervention that can contribute to positive behaviour change, and potentially influence longer‐term health and wellbeing.
lncRNA BZRAP1‐AS1 alleviates rheumatoid arthritis by regulating miR‐1286/COL5A2 axis
Authors: Zhu Junsong , Tu Shaoheng , Qu Qunwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDysregulation of BZRAP1‐AS1 was associated with immune statuses of cancer or Alzheimer's disease patients, yet little is known about its role in rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsRT‐qPCR and western blot were applied to assess the expression of indicated expression. CCK‐8 and BrdU proliferation assays were used to measure the proliferation of RA‐HFLS. Apoptosis in RA‐HFLS was evidenced by the alteration of caspase‐3 activity and apoptosis‐related factors. ELISA was performed to detect IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α level. Luciferase reporter, RIP, and pull‐down assays were used to confirm the BZRAP1‐AS1/miR‐1286/COL5A2 cascade predicted by bioinformatics analysis.ResultsBZRAP1‐AS1 and COL5A2 were downregulated in RA tissues and RA‐HFLS while miR‐1286 was amplified. Overexpression of BZRAP1‐AS1 reduced the RA‐HFLS proliferation, IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α level and induced cell apoptosis while BZRAP1‐AS1 silence produced an opposite effect. Overexpression of BZRAP1‐AS1 reduced the miR‐1286 expression which in turn increased the COL5A2 expression, thereby relieving the excessive proliferation and limited apoptosis in RA‐HFLS.ConclusionOur findings suggested that BZRAP1‐AS1 sequestered miR‐1286 and reshaped the COL5A2 expression, thereby suppressed RA‐HFLS proliferation and inflammation, and triggered cell apoptosis, resulting in the attenuation of RA progression.
Mitochondrial dynamics and quantification of mitochondria‐derived vesicles in cardiomyoblasts using structured illumination microscopy
Authors: Opstad Ida S. , Godtliebsen Gustav , Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh , Myrmel Truls , Agarwal Krishna , Birgisdottir Åsa Birna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMitochondria are essential energy‐providing organelles of particular importance in energy‐demanding tissue such as the heart. The production of mitochondria‐derived vesicles (MDVs) is a cellular mechanism by which cells ensure a healthy pool of mitochondria. These vesicles are small and fast‐moving objects not easily captured by imaging. In this work, we have tested the ability of the optical super‐resolution technique 3DSIM to capture high‐resolution images of MDVs. We optimized the imaging conditions both for high‐speed video microscopy and fixed‐cell imaging and analysis. From the 3DSIM videos, we observed an abundance of MDVs and many dynamic mitochondrial tubules. The density of MDVs in cells was compared for cells under normal growth conditions and cells during metabolic perturbation. Our results indicate a higher abundance of MDVs in H9c2 cells during glucose deprivation compared with cells under normal growth conditions. Furthermore, the results reveal a large untapped potential of 3DSIM in MDV research.
The post‐processing temperature or humidity can importantly control the secondary structure and characteristics of silk fibroin films
Authors: Wang Hai‐Yan , Zhou Su‐Fang , Zhang Meng , Wang Heng‐Da , Zhang Yu‐Qing 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTemperature and humidity (TH) are highly important factors that can control the secondary structure and characterization of silk fibroin (SF) biomaterials. In this study, the water stability, secondary structure, mechanical properties, surface morphology, and degradation of silk fibroin films (SFFs) with post‐processing in different TH were investigated. Fourier transform infrared indicated that the SFF secondary structure did not change under low‐relative humidity (RH) despite temperatures up to 180°C, while it transformed at 40°C with 100% RH in 10 min. A film with a higher tensile strength (42.1 ± 8.2 MPa) could be obtained after post‐processing at 90°C/100% RH for 10 min. While a film with higher ductility (elongation at break: 198.8 ± 31.8%) was generated after post‐processing at 40°C/100% RH for 10 min. Scanning electron microscope showed that the film presented a network structure of nanoparticles in series under certain TH post‐treatment. Enzymatic hydrolysis proved that the SFFs containing a higher content of silk II structure degraded more slowly. Therefore, TH post‐treatment is a relatively mild way to change the secondary structure and properties of SFFs, which can be widely used in loading drugs and maintaining the activity of drugs in SF biomaterials.
Long noncoding RNA SNHG6 promotes oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma by downregulating the miR‐101‐3p/EZH2 pathway
Authors: Zhang Yueli , Li Ruijia , Ding Xiaoliang , He Meng , Zhang Rui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLong noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been reported to play a vital role in the development of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our previous study revealed that the significant upregulation of the LncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) in OSCC promotes OSCC tumourigenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of SNHG6 expression in OSCC have rarely been studied. In this study, we verified the tumour‐promoting effect of SNHG6 through sponging miR‐101‐3p, and their levels were negatively correlated in human samples of OSCC. In addition, miR‐101‐3p overexpression reversed the effect of SNHG6. Moreover, we confirmed that SNHG6/miR‐101‐3p affects OSCC by regulating the expression of the enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2). The effect of EZH2 silencing resembled closely that of SNHG6 knockdown. EZH2 silencing inhibited the expression of protein cyclin D1 and β‐catenin, but in contrast, it enhanced the expression of E‐cadherin. These findings demonstrated the oncogenic role of SNHG6, which promotes OSCC progression by regulating the expression of EZH2 through its interaction with miR‐101‐3p. These findings may help in improving the diagnosis and treatment methods of OSCC.
Biochemical and histological alterations of doxorubicin‐induced neurotoxicity in rats: Protective role of luteolin
Authors: Imosemi Innocent O. , Owumi Solomon E. , Arunsi Uche O. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic drug used in the treatment of various cancer types. DOX toxic side effects include neuronopathy and memory deficits. We investigated the effect of the antioxidant luteolin (LUT: 50 or 100 mg/kg; per os) on DOX (2 mg/kg; intraperitoneal)‐induced oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, and apoptosis in the brain of Wistar rats for 14 days. We observed that LUT reduced DOX‐mediated increase in OS biomarkers—catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione‐S‐transferase, and glutathione peroxidase. LUT increased glutathione and total sulphydryl levels and alleviated DOX‐induced increases in the levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, lipid peroxidation, myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β). Additionally, LUT suppressed caspase‐3 activity, increased anti‐inflammatory cytokine—IL‐10 level, and reduced pathological lesions in the examined organs of rats cotreated with LUT and DOX. Collectively, cotreatment with LUT lessened DOX‐induced neurotoxicity. Supplementation of LUT as a chemopreventive agent might be useful in patients undergoing DOX chemotherapy.
miR‐145 attenuates phenotypic transformation of aortic vascular smooth muscle cells to prevent aortic dissection
Authors: Qiu Zhi‐Huang , He Jian , Chai Tian‐ci , Zhang Yu‐ling , Zhou Hao , Zheng Hui , Chen Xiao‐song , Zhang Li , Li Yu‐mei , Chen Liang‐wan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundmiR‐145 is closely related to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) phenotype transformation; however, the regulatory mechanisms through which miR‐145 regulates the VSMC phenotype transformation under mechanical stretching are unclear. In this study, we evaluated the roles of miR‐145 in VSMCs subjected to mechanical stretching in aortic dissection (AD).MethodsThe expression of miR‐145 in the aortic vessel wall of model animals and patients with AD was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. miR‐145‐related protein‐protein interaction networks and Wikipathways were used to analyze VSMC phenotypic transformation pathways regulated by miR‐145. We used gain‐ and loss‐of‐function studies to evaluate the effects of miR‐145 on VSMC differentiation under mechanical stretch induction and assessed whether Krüppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) was regulated by miR‐145 in the aorta under mechanical stretch conditions.ResultsmiR‐145 was abundantly expressed in the walls of the normal human aorta, but was significantly downregulated in animal models and the walls of patients with dissection. We found that contractile phenotype‐related proteins were downregulated in VSMCs subjected to mechanical stretching, whereas the expression of secreted phenotype‐related proteins increased. miR‐145 overexpression also downregulated contractile phenotype‐related proteins in VSMCs and suppressed upregulation of phenotype‐related proteins. Finally, under mechanical stretching, KLF4 expression was significantly increased in VSMCs, and overexpression of miR‐145 blocked this effect.ConclusionOur results confirmed that mechanical stretch‐induced phenotypic transformation of VSMCs to promote AD via upregulation of KLF4; this mechanism was regulated by miR‐145, which directly modulated KLF4 expression and VSMC differentiation.
Micromorphological evaluation of Daphne mucronata Royle and Myrtus communis L. using scanning electron microscopic techniques
Authors: Dastagir Ghulam , Ahmad Imran , Uza Noor Ul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to establish micromorphological standards of Daphne mucronata Royle and Myrtus communis (L.). Daphne mucronata Royle is a xerophytic perennial shrub while, Myrtus communis is an evergreen shrub or small tree. Micromorphological investigation is one of the cheapest methods. It will be helpful in the accurate identification of these plants from other species. Results of macroscopic evaluation showed various organoleptic features. Anatomy of the selected plant parts was carried out. It showed a typical dicot structure as it revealed the presence of epidermal cells, crystals, trichomes, cuticle, mesophyll tissues, xylem, phloem, paracytic, and dicytic stomata. Anatomical study facilitates the detection of adulteration with inferior commercial varieties, exhausted drugs, cheaper natural substances, and chemicals. Stomatal number, types, and size of stomata, and palisade ratio of Myrtus communis were observed. These observations will be helpful in the preparation of taxonomic key for the identification of selected species. Powder drug study [scanning electron microscopy (SEM)] showed characteristics histological differentiation. The methods cited here can be measured as characteristics to identify and validate these drugs.
Shifting paths to avoidable ones
Authors: Gurvich Vladimir , Krnc Matjaž , Milanič Martin , Vyalyi Mikhail 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn extension of an induced path in a graph is an induced path such that deleting the endpoints of results in . An induced path in a graph is said to be avoidable if each of its extensions is contained in an induced cycle. In 2019, Beisegel, Chudovsky, Gurvich, Milanič, and Servatius conjectured that every graph that contains an induced ‐vertex path also contains an avoidable induced path of the same length, and proved the result for . The case was known much earlier, due to a work of Ohtsuki, Cheung, and Fujisawa in 1976. The conjecture was proved for all in 2020 by Bonamy, Defrain, Hatzel, and Thiebaut. In the present paper, using a similar approach, we strengthen their result from a reconfiguration point of view. Namely, we show that in every graph, each induced path can be transformed to an avoidable one by a sequence of shifts, where two induced ‐vertex paths are shifts of each other if their union is an induced path with vertices. We also obtain analogous results for not necessarily induced paths and for walks. In contrast, the statement cannot be extended to trails or to isometric paths.
SARS‐CoV‐2 AY.4.2 variant circulating in Italy: Genomic preliminary insight
Authors: Angeletti Silvia , Giovanetti Marta , Fogolari Marta , Cella Eleonora , De Florio Lucia , Lintas Carla , Veralli Roberta , Francesconi Maria , Caccuri Francesca , De Cesaris Marina , De Flora Cecilia , Ceccarelli Giancarlo , Spoto Silvia , Caruso Arnaldo , Pascarella Stefano , Riva Elisabetta , Ciccozzi Massimo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe appearance of emerging variants of SARS‐CoV‐2 carrying mutations into the spike protein has recently raised concern with respect to tracking their transmission and mitigating the impact in the evolving pandemic across countries. AY.4.2, a recently detected Delta variant sublineage, is considered a new variant under investigation (VUI) as it carries specific genetic signatures present in the spike protein, called Y145H and A222V. Here, using genomic epidemiology, we provide the first preliminary insight regarding the circulation of this emerging VUI in Italy.
Microstructural profiles of thalamus and thalamocortical connectivity in patients with disorder of consciousness
Authors: Yu Yamei , Zheng Weihao , Tan Xufei , Li Xiaoxia , Zhang Xiaotong , Gao Jian , Pan Gang , Wu Dan , Luo Benyan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThalamus and thalamocortical connectivity are crucial for consciousness; however, their microstructural changes in patients with a disorder of consciousness (DOC) have not yet been thoroughly characterized. In the present study, we applied the novel fixel‐based analysis to comprehensively investigate the thalamus‐related microstructural abnormalities in 10 patients with DOC using 7‐T diffusion‐weighted imaging data. We found that compared to healthy controls, patients with DOC showed reduced fiber density (FD) and fiber density and cross‐section (FDC) in the mediodorsal, anterior, and ventral anterior thalamic nuclei, while fiber‐bundle cross‐section (FC) was not significantly altered in the thalamus. Impaired thalamocortical connectivity in the DOC cohort was mainly connected to the middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and sensorimotor cortices, including the precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus, with predominant microstructural abnormalities in FD and FDC. Correlation analysis showed that FC of the right mediodorsal thalamus was negatively correlated with the level of consciousness. Our results suggest that microstructural abnormalities of thalamus and thalamocortical connectivity in DOC were mainly attributed to axonal injury. In particular, the microstructural integrity of the thalamus is a vital factor in consciousness generation.
Extraction and characterization of microalgae‐derived phenolics for pharmaceutical applications: A systematic review
Authors: Kapoor Sahil , Singh Meenakshi , Srivastava Atul , Chavali Murthy , Chandrasekhar K. , Verma Pradeep 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMicroalgae are regarded as a rich trove of diverse secondary metabolites that exert remarkable biological activities. In particular, microalgae‐derived bioactive phenolic compounds (MBPCs) are a boon to biopharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries due to their diverse bioactivities, including antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, and immunomodulatory activities. The state‐of‐the‐art green technologies for extraction and purification of MBPCs, along with the modern progress in the identification and characterization of MBPCs, have accelerated the discovery of novel active pharmaceutical compounds. However, several factors regulate the production of these bioactive phenolic compounds in microalgae. Furthermore, some microalgae species produce toxic phenolic compounds that negatively impact the aquatic ecosystem, animal, and human life. Therefore, the focus of this review paper is to bring into light the current innovations in bioprospection, extraction, purification, and characterization of MBPCs. This review is also aimed at a better understanding of the physicochemical factors regulating the production of MBPCs at an industrial scale. Finally, the present review covers the recent advances in toxicological evaluation, diverse applications, and future prospects of MBPCs in biopharmaceutical industries.