bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of two personalized dietary strategies during a 2‐year intervention in subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized trial
Authors: Marin‐Alejandre Bertha A. , Cantero Irene , Perez‐Diaz‐del‐Campo Nuria , Monreal Jose I. , Elorz Mariana , Herrero Jose I. , Benito‐Boillos Alberto , Quiroga Jorge , Martinez‐Echeverria Ana , Uriz‐Otano Juan I. , Huarte‐Muniesa Maria P. , Tur Josep A. , Martinez Jose A. , Abete Itziar , Zulet Maria A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) management is focused on lifestyle modifications, but long‐term maintenance is a challenge for many individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the long‐term effects of two personalized energy‐restricted dietary strategies on weight loss, metabolic and hepatic outcomes in overweight/obese subjects with NAFLD.MethodsNinety‐eight subjects from the Fatty Liver in Obesity (FLiO) study (NCT03183193) were randomly assigned to the American Heart Association (AHA) or the FLiO dietary group in a 2‐year controlled trial. Anthropometry, body composition (DXA), biochemical parameters and hepatic status (ultrasonography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and elastography) were assessed at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months.ResultsBoth the AHA and FLiO diets significantly reduced body weight at 6 (−9.7% vs −10.1%), 12 (−6.7% vs −9.6%), and 24 months (−4.8% vs −7.6%) with significant improvements in body composition, biochemical and liver determinations throughout the intervention. At the end of the follow‐up, the FLiO group showed a greater decrease in ALT, liver stiffness and Fatty Liver Index, among others, compared to AHA group, although these differences were attenuated when the analyses were adjusted by weight loss percentage. The FLiO group also showed a greater increase in adiponectin compared to AHA group.ConclusionsThe AHA and FLiO diets were able to improve body weight and body composition, as well as metabolic and hepatic status of participants with overweight/obesity and NAFLD within a 2‐year follow‐up. These findings show that both strategies are suitable alternatives for NAFLD management. However, the FLiO strategy may provide more persistent benefits in metabolic and hepatic parameters.
Asset pricing with general transaction costs: Theory and numerics
Authors: Gonon Lukas , Muhle‐Karbe Johannes , Shi Xiaofei 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study risk‐sharing equilibria with general convex costs on the agents' trading rates. For an infinite‐horizon model with linear state dynamics and exogenous volatilities, we prove that the equilibrium returns mean‐revert around their frictionless counterparts—the deviation has Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck dynamics for quadratic costs whereas it follows a doubly‐reflected Brownian motion if costs are proportional. More general models with arbitrary state dynamics and endogenous volatilities lead to multidimensional systems of nonlinear, fully‐coupled forward‐backward SDEs. These fall outside the scope of known well‐posedness results, but can be solved numerically using the simulation‐based deep‐learning approach of Han, Jentzen, and E (2018). In a calibration to time series of prices and trading volume, realistic liquidity premia are accompanied by a moderate increase in volatility. The effects of different cost specifications are rather similar, justifying the use of quadratic costs as a proxy for other less tractable specifications.
The quality of maternal nutrition and infant feeding counselling during antenatal care in South Asia
Authors: Torlesse Harriet , Benedict Rukundo K. , Craig Hope C. , Stoltzfus Rebecca J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAntenatal care (ANC) provides a platform to counsel pregnant women on maternal nutrition and to prepare the mother to breastfeed. Recent reviews suggest that gaps in the coverage and quality of counselling during pregnancy may partly explain why services do not consistently translate to improved behavioural outcomes in South Asia. This scoping literature review collates evidence on the coverage and quality of counselling on maternal nutrition and infant feeding during ANC in five South Asian countries and the effectiveness of approaches to improve the quality of counselling. Coverage data were extracted from the most recent national surveys, and a scoping review of peer‐reviewed and grey literature (1990–2019) was conducted. Only Afghanistan and Pakistan have survey data on the coverage of counselling on both maternal nutrition and breastfeeding, nine studies described the quality of counselling and three studies assessed the effectiveness of interventions to improve the quality of services. This limited body of evidence suggests that inequalities in access to services, gaps in capacity building opportunities for frontline workers and the short duration and frequency of counselling contracts constrain quality, while the format, duration, frequency and content of health worker training, together with supportive supervision, are probable approaches to improve quality. Greater attention is needed to integrate indicators into monitoring and supervision mechanisms, periodic surveys and programme evaluations to assess the status of and track progress in improving quality and to build accountability for quality counselling, while research is needed to understand how best to assess and strengthen quality in specific settings.
Impact of COVID‐19 lockdown on symptoms in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders: Relationship with anxiety and perceived stress
Authors: Oliviero Giovanni , Ruggiero Luigi , D’Antonio Elvira , Gagliardi Mario , Nunziata Rubino , Di Sarno Alessandro , Abbatiello Carmelina , Di Feo Elvira , De Vivo Simona , Santonicola Antonella , Iovino Paola 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundPsychological stress and anxiety, such those generated by forced quarantine, affect gastrointestinal symptoms course in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, our aim was to assess, in a cohort of patients regularly followed up in a devoted outpatient clinic of Southern Italy, the association between their gastrointestinal symptoms changes, stress, and anxiety reported during the Italian lockdown.MethodsWe recruited patients from the outpatient clinic of the University of Salerno, devoted to functional gastrointestinal disorders, selecting only patients for whom an evaluation was available in the last 6 months before the lockdown. Gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated at each visit through standardized questionnaire and pooled in a database. On 45th days from the beginning of the lockdown, patients were re‐assessed by phone with the same questionnaire. Anxiety and stress levels were assessed through a self‐administered online questionnaire based on Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 test and Perceived Stress Scale 10 test.Key ResultsThe intensity‐frequency scores of several upper gastrointestinal symptoms improved (Wilcoxon test <0.05). Higher anxiety levels had a higher risk of worsening chest pain (OR 1.3 [1.1–1.7]), waterbrash (OR 1.3 [1.0–1.7]), epigastric burning (OR 1.3 [1.0–1.6]), and abdominal pain (OR 1.6 [1.0–2.3]). When compared to the interval preceding the outbreak, half of the patients declared their symptoms remained unchanged, 13.6% worsened, and 36.4% improved.Conclusions and InferencesDuring the COVID‐19 quarantine, there was an improvement of the majority of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in our patients, and anxiety seems an important risk of worsening few of them.
Geographical‐based variations in white truffle Tuber magnatum aroma is explained by quantitative differences in key volatile compounds
Authors: Niimi Jun , Deveau Aurélie , Splivallo Richard 
Published: February 2021

Summary

The factors that vary the aroma of Tuber magnatum fruiting bodies are poorly understood. The study determined the headspace aroma composition, sensory aroma profiles, maturity and bacterial communities from T. magnatum originating from Italy, Croatia, Hungary, and Serbia, and tested if truffle aroma is dependent on provenance and if fruiting body volatiles are explained by maturity and/or bacterial communities.

Headspace volatile profiles were determined using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–olfactometry (GC‐MS‐O) and aroma of fruiting body extracts were sensorially assessed. Fruiting body maturity was estimated through spore melanisation. Bacterial community was determined using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing.

Main odour active compounds were present in all truffles but varied in concentration. Aroma of truffle extracts were sensorially discriminated by sites. However, volatile profiles of individual fruiting bodies varied more within sites than across geographic area, while maturity level did not play a role. Bacterial communities varied highly and were partially explained by provenance. A few rare bacterial operational taxonomical units associated with a select few nonodour active volatile compounds.

Specificities of the aroma of T. magnatum truffles are more likely to be linked to individual properties than provenance. Some constituents of bacteria may provide biomarkers of provenance and be linked to nonodour active volatiles.
Associations between private vaccine and antimicrobial consumption across Indian states, 2009–2017
Authors: Schueller Emily , Nandi Arindam , Joshi Jyoti , Laxminarayan Ramanan , Klein Eili Y. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVaccines can reduce antibiotic use and, consequently, antimicrobial resistance by averting vaccine‐preventable and secondary infections. We estimated the associations between private vaccine and antibiotic consumption across Indian states during 2009–2017 using monthly and annual consumption data from IQVIA and employed fixed‐effects regression and the Arellano–Bond Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model for panel data regression, which controlled for income and public sector vaccine use indicators obtained from other sources. In the annual data fixed‐effects model, a 1% increase in private vaccine consumption per 1000 under‐5 children was associated with a 0.22% increase in antibiotic consumption per 1000 people (P < 0.001). In the annual data GMM model, a 1% increase in private vaccine consumption per 1000 under‐5 children was associated with a 0.2% increase in private antibiotic consumption (P < 0.001). In the monthly data GMM model, private vaccine consumption was negatively associated with antibiotic consumption when 32, 34, 35, and 44–47 months had elapsed after vaccine consumption, with a positive association with lags of fewer than 18 months. These results indicate vaccine‐induced longer‐term reductions in antibiotic use in India, similar to findings of studies from other low‐ and middle‐income countries.
A Preoperative Predictive Model of Lower Lumbar Spine Instability Based on Three‐Dimensional Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Case–Control Pilot Study
Authors: Kao Yanbing , Liu Zijing , Leng Jiali , Qu Zhigang , Song QingXu , Liu Yi , Wang Zhenyu 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThis study aimed to build a predictive model of lower lumbar instability.MethodsThis retrospective study included 199 patients. Patients were divided into the lower lumbar instability group (LLIG) (n = 98) and lower lumbar stability group (LLSG) (n = 101). All participants of LLIG were recruited over a 2‐year period (2015–2017) from the patients who accept lumbar surgery at the First Hospital of Jilin University. The LLSG was selected from outpatients who had underwent lumbar spine computed tomography (CT) and Flexion and extension radiographs (FER) at the First Hospital of Jilin University from 2015 to 2017. Several lower lumbar parameters were measured, including Lordosis angle (LA), intervertebral height (IH), ratio of anterior height to posterior height (APR), angle between endplate and anterior edge of vertebral body (AEPVa), sagittal slip ratio (SSR), and angle between the upper endplate and z‐axis on sagittal plane (AUEZS). These parameters were keyed into the SPSS software to create a predictive model for classification. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive accuracy, and Kappa value were used to evaluate the predictive model.ResultsCompared with LLSG, the LA of LLIG decreased by 3.49° (126.54° vs 130.3°). Similarly, the IH of LLIG decreased by 1.23°mm, 1.66°mm, and 0.71°mm at L3‐4, L4‐5, and L5‐S1. Compared with LLSG, the SSR of LLIG is higher at L3‐4, L4‐5, and L5‐S1 (0.54 vs 0.51, 0.57 vs 0.46, and 0.59 vs 0. 47). Moreover, the APR of LLIG is higher than those of LLSG at L3‐4, L4‐5, and L5‐S1 (1.97 vs 1.81, 2.40 vs 1.97, and 2.69 vs 2.26). The LLIG has bigger AEPVa than LLIG at L3‐4, L4‐5, and L5‐S1. Compared with LLSG, the AUEZS of LLIG is bigger at L3‐4 (91.75° vs 90.81°) and smaller at L4‐5 and L5‐S1(84.63° vs 85.85° and 73.27° vs 75.01°). The SSR (L4) show highest predictive accuracy (83%) when every parameter was fed to LDA classifier to generate a univariate model. All parameters represent a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between LLSG and LLIG. The model including LA, APR (L5‐S1), IH (L4‐5), SSR (L5), AUEZS (L5) has highest predictive accuracy of 88.2%. The sensitivity, specificity, and Kappa value are 88.7%, 93.1%, and 0.77.ConclusionThe predictive model has good classification performance and can be an auxiliary tool for clinicians to evaluate lumbar instability in preoperative patients with severe pain aggravated by lumbar movement.
Development of a measure of decision quality for implantable defibrillators
Authors: Knoepke Christopher E. , Allen Larry A. , Sepucha Karen , Masoudi Frederick A. , Kutner Jean , Varosy Paul , Magid David , Matlock Daniel D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundCMS reimbursement guidelines for implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) include mandated shared decision making (SDM), but without any manner of assessing the quality of decisions made. We developed and tested a scale meant to assess patients’ knowledge of and preferences specific to ICDs. Such a tool would assess these constructs in the clinical environment, targeting resources and support for patients considering a primary prevention ICD.MethodsDevelopment of the ICD decision quality (ICD‐DQ) scale included (1) item creation, (2) content validation using surveys of patients (n = 23) and clinicians (n = 31), and (3) examination of validity and reliability using a survey of patients who previously received an ICD (n = 295, response rate = 72%).ResultsThe final scale consists of 12 knowledge and 8 preference items. With respect to content validity, clinician and patient respondents agreed on the importance of 19 of 24 candidate knowledge items (79%), and 9 of 11 treatment preference items (81%). Knowledge items exhibited moderate internal validity (α = 0.62, 1 factor), strong test‐retest reliability (mean % correct at first administration = 59%, 62% at follow‐up, P > .1) and discriminant validity (59% correct for patients, 93% among cardiologists). Short versions of the ICD‐DQ were developed for clinical settings, the scores from both of which correlated with the long version in this cohort (11‐item (r = 0.90) and a 5‐item (r = 0.75)).Conclusions: The ICD‐DQ fills a critical gap in measuring the quality of patients’ ICD decisions. They may be used to evaluate the effectiveness of patient decision aids or the quality of SDM in clinical practice.
Volatile compounds from beneficial rhizobacteria Bacillus spp. promote periodic lateral root development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Li Yucong , Shao Jiahui , Xie Yuanming , Jia Letian , Fu Yansong , Xu Zhihui , Zhang Nan , Feng Haichao , Xun Weibing , Liu Yunpeng , Shen Qirong , Xuan Wei , Zhang Ruifu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractLateral root formation is coordinated by both endogenous and external factors. As biotic factors, plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria can affect lateral root formation, while the regulation mechanism is unclear. In this study, by applying various marker lines, we found that volatile compounds (VCs) from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 induced higher frequency of DR5 oscillation and prebranch site formation, accelerated the development and emergence of the lateral root primordia and thus promoted lateral root development in Arabidopsis. We demonstrated a critical role of auxin on B. amyloliquefaciens VCs‐induced lateral root formation via respective mutants and pharmacological experiments. Our results showed that auxin biosynthesis, polar transport and signalling pathway are involved in B. amyloliquefaciens VCs‐induced lateral roots formation. We further showed that acetoin, a major component of B. amyloliquefaciens VCs, is less active in promoting root development compared to VC blends from B. amyloliquefaciens, indicating the presence of yet uncharacterized/unknown VCs might contribute to B. amyloliquefaciens effect on lateral root formation. In summary, our study revealed an auxin‐dependent mechanism of B. amyloliquefaciens VCs in regulating lateral root branching in a non‐contact manner, and further efforts will explore useful VCs to promote plant root development.
TuMV triggers stomatal closure but reduces drought tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Manacorda Carlos Augusto , Gudesblat Gustavo , Sutka Moira , Alemano Sergio , Peluso Franco , Oricchio Patricio , Baroli Irene , Asurmendi Sebastián 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCompatible plant viral infections are a common cause of agricultural losses worldwide. Characterization of the physiological responses controlling plant water management under combined stresses is of great interest in the current climate change scenario. We studied the outcome of TuMV infection on stomatal closure and water balance, hormonal balance and drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. TuMV infection reduced stomatal aperture concomitantly with diminished gas exchange rate, daily water consumption and rosette initial dehydration rate. Infected plants overaccumulated salicylic acid and abscisic acid and showed altered expression levels of key ABA homeostasis genes including biosynthesis and catabolism. Also the expression of ABA signalling gene ABI2 was induced and ABCG40 (which imports ABA into guard cells) was highly induced upon infection. Hypermorfic abi2‐1 mutant plants, but no other ABA or SA biosynthetic, signalling or degradation mutants tested abolished both stomatal closure and low stomatal conductance phenotypes caused by TuMV. Notwithstanding lower relative water loss during infection, plants simultaneously subjected to drought and viral stresses showed higher mortality rates than mock‐inoculated drought stressed controls, alongside downregulation of drought‐responsive gene RD29A. Our findings indicate that despite stomatal closure triggered by TuMV, additional phenomena diminish drought tolerance upon infection.
The roles of photorespiration and alternative electron acceptors in the responses of photosynthesis to elevated temperatures in cowpea
Authors: Osei‐Bonsu Isaac , McClain Alan M. , Walker Berkley J. , Sharkey Thomas D. , Kramer David M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe explored the effects, on photosynthesis in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seedlings, of high temperature and light—environmental stresses that often co‐occur under field conditions and can have greater impact on photosynthesis than either by itself. We observed contrasting responses in the light and carbon assimilatory reactions, whereby in high temperature, the light reactions were stimulated while CO2 assimilation was substantially reduced. There were two striking observations. Firstly, the primary quinone acceptor (QA), a measure of the regulatory balance of the light reactions, became more oxidized with increasing temperature, suggesting increased electron sink capacity, despite the reduced CO2 fixation. Secondly, a strong, O2‐dependent inactivation of assimilation capacity, consistent with down‐regulation of rubisco under these conditions. The dependence of these effects on CO2, O2 and light led us to conclude that both photorespiration and an alternative electron acceptor supported increased electron flow, and thus provided photoprotection under these conditions. Further experiments showed that the increased electron flow was maintained by rapid rates of PSII repair, particularly at combined high light and temperature. Overall, the results suggest that photodamage to the light reactions can be avoided under high light and temperatures by increasing electron sink strength, even when assimilation is strongly suppressed.
Incidence of thyroid dysfunction in children after HSCT with reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) or myeloablative conditioning (MAC)
Authors: Wang YunZu M. , Howell Jonathan C. , Grimley Michael S. , Lane Adam , Davies Stella M. , Myers Kasiani C. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated a 11% incidence of post‐transplant de novo thyroid disease, even with a radiation‐free RIC regimen. Following the enactment of a universal late effects screening program at our institution, we compared the outcomes of 108 pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients after a RIC regimen (n = 33) to those after a MAC regimen (n = 75) during the same time period. Overall, 10% of subjects developed thyroid dysfunction after HSCT, with a median follow‐up of 669 days. Seven subjects had primary hypothyroidism prior to HSCT. Of the thirty‐one subjects who received RIC, one (3.2%) developed a new thyroid disorder, compared to the nine of sixty‐nine (13.0%) subjects who received MAC (p = .167). No significant associations were seen with donor type, graft‐vs.‐host disease, or total body irradiation. Nine of the 10 subjects who developed thyroid disease after transplant were asymptomatic. Continued follow‐up of this contemporary cohort will further delineate risk factors for post‐transplant‐associated thyroid dysfunction and better inform discussions of transplant‐associated sequelae.
World aquaculture diversity: origins and perspectives
Authors: Sicuro Benedetto 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAquaculture diversity is universally considered one of the main aspects that make aquaculture different from land animal farming. A retrospective analysis on 68 years of FAO data on world aquaculture production shows that this aquaculture diversity study is the most powerful and exhaustive theoretical tool to investigate aquaculture origin, evolution and connections with the surrounding world. Aquaculture diversity investigated with Shannon index and Pareto principle shows its thermodynamic nature and reveals an unexpectable regularity that sheds new light on aquaculture, thus putting aquaculture in a perfect theoretical context together with fisheries. Species dominance, vicariance and redundancy must be considered for a functional description of aquaculture diversity. Aquaculture diversity is not biological diversity as an aquaculture species is not necessarily a biological species. Aquaculture diversity shows that aquaculture is a modern colonization of aquatic domain and it has recently reached its maximum value that is 428 ± 11 species, of which 29 ± 1 will produce 80% of global annual production. A temporal and geographical analysis of global aquaculture diversity reveals an original and hopefully enlightening vision of modern aquaculture and its perspectives.