bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In-Situ High-Energy X-ray Diffraction Study of Austenite Decomposition During Rapid Cooling and Isothermal Holding in Two HSLA Steels
Authors: Lin Sen , Borggren Ulrika , Stark Andreas , Borgenstam Annika , Mu Wangzhong , Hedström Peter 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

In-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction experiments with high temporal resolution during rapid cooling (280 °C s−1) and isothermal heat treatments (at 450 °C, 500 °C, and 550 °C for 30 minutes) were performed to study austenite decomposition in two commercial high-strength low-alloy steels. The rapid phase transformations occurring in these types of steels are investigated for the first time in-situ, aiding a detailed analysis of the austenite decomposition kinetics. For the low hardenability steel with main composition Fe-0.08C-1.7Mn-0.403Si-0.303Cr in weight percent, austenite decomposition to polygonal ferrite and bainite occurs already during the initial cooling. However, for the high hardenability steel with main composition Fe-0.08C-1.79Mn-0.182Si-0.757Cr-0.094Mo in weight percent, the austenite decomposition kinetics is retarded, chiefly by the Mo addition, and therefore mainly bainitic transformation occurs during isothermal holding; the bainitic transformation rate at the isothermal holding is clearly enhanced by lowered temperature from 550 °C to 500 °C and 450 °C. During prolonged isothermal holding, carbide formation leads to decreased austenite carbon content and promotes continued bainitic ferrite formation. Moreover, at prolonged isothermal holding at higher temperatures some degenerate pearlite form.
Adipokines and Chronic Rheumatic Diseases: from Inflammation to Bone Involvement
Authors: Cici Daniela , Corrado Addolorata , Rotondo Cinzia , Colia Ripalta , Cantatore Francesco Paolo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBesides its well-known role as energy storage tissue, adipose tissue is a biologically active tissue that can also be considered as an endocrine organ, as it is able to secrete adipokines. These bioactive factors, similar in structure to cytokines, are involved in several physiological and pathological conditions, such as glucose homeostasis, angiogenesis, blood pressure regulation, control of food intake, and also inflammation and bone homeostasis via endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine mechanisms. Given their pleiotropic functions, the role of adipokines has been evaluated in chronic rheumatic osteoarticular inflammatory diseases, particularly focusing on their effects on inflammatory and immune response and on bone alterations. Indeed, these diseases are characterized by different bone complications, such as local and systemic bone loss and new bone formation. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of adipokines in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis, especially considering their role in the pathogenesis of bone complications typical of these conditions.
The linkage between inflammation and fibrosis in muscular dystrophies: The axis autotaxin–lysophosphatidic acid as a new therapeutic target?
Authors: Gallardo Felipe S. , Córdova-Casanova Adriana , Brandan Enrique 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMuscular dystrophies (MDs) are a diverse group of severe disorders characterized by increased skeletal muscle feebleness. In many cases, respiratory and cardiac muscles are also compromised. Skeletal muscle inflammation and fibrosis are hallmarks of several skeletal muscle diseases, including MDs. Until now, several keys signaling pathways and factors that regulate inflammation and fibrosis have been identified. However, no curative treatments are available. Therefore, it is necessary to find new therapeutic targets to fight these diseases and improve muscle performance. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is an active glycerophospholipid mainly synthesized by the secreted enzyme autotaxin (ATX), which activates six different G protein-coupled receptors named LPA1 to LPA6 (LPARs). In conjunction, they are part of the ATX/LPA/LPARs axis, involved in the inflammatory and fibrotic response in several organs-tissues. This review recapitulates the most relevant aspects of inflammation and fibrosis in MDs. It analyzes experimental evidence of the effects of the ATX/LPA/LPARs axis on inflammatory and fibrotic responses. Finally, we speculate about its potential role as a new therapeutic pharmacological target to treat these diseases.
Platform Patterns—Using Proven Principles to Develop Digital Platforms
Authors: Drewel Marvin , Özcan Leon , Gausemeier Jürgen , Dumitrescu Roman 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHardly any other area has as much disruptive potential as digital platforms in the course of digitalization. After serious changes have already taken place in the B2C sector with platforms such as Amazon and Airbnb, the B2B sector is on the threshold to the so-called platform economy. In mechanical engineering, pioneers like GE (PREDIX) and Claas (365FarmNet) are trying to get their hands on the act. This is hardly a promising option for small and medium-sized companies, as only a few large companies will survive. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are already facing the threat of losing direct consumer contact and becoming exchangeable executers. In order to prevent this, it is important to anticipate at an early stage which strategic options exist for the future platform economy and which adjustments to the product program should already be initiated today. Basically, medium-sized companies in particular lack a strategy for an advantageous entry into the future platform economy.The paper presents different approaches to master the challenges of participating in the platform economy by using platform patterns. Platform patterns represent proven principles of already existing platforms. We show how we derived a catalogue with 37 identified platform patterns. The catalogue has a generic design and can be customized for a specific use case. The versatility of the catalogue is underlined by three possible applications: (1) platform ideation, (2) platform development, and (3) platform characterization.
Sex and Menstrual Phase Influences on Sleep and Memory
Authors: Alonso Alejandra , Genzel Lisa , Gomez Angela 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purposes of Review
This review highlights the effect of sex differences in sleep mediated memory consolidation and cognitive performance. In addition, the role of menstrual cycle and the fluctuating level of sexual hormones (mainly oestrogen and progesterone) are stressed.

Recent Findings
The literature indicates that sex hormones mediate and orchestrate the differences observed in performance of females in comparison with males in a variety of tasks and can also be related to how sleep benefits cognition. Although the exact mechanism of such influence is not clear, it most likely involves differential activation of brain areas, sensitivity to neuromodulators (mainly oestrogen), circadian regulation of sleep and temperature, as well as modification of strategies to solve tasks across the menstrual cycle.

Summary
With the evidence presented here, we hope to encourage researchers to develop appropriate paradigms to study the complex relationship between menstrual cycle, sleep (its regulation, architecture and electrophysiological hallmarks) and performance in memory and other cognitive tasks.
Kognitiv-motivationale Schüler*innenprofile und ihre Bedeutung für die Schüler*innenwahrnehmung der Lernunterstützung durch die Lehrperson
Authors: Ruelmann Merle , Torchetti Loredana , Zulliger Sandra , Buholzer Alois , Praetorius Anna-Katharina 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungEs ist eine zentrale Aufgabe von Lehrpersonen, Lernende während des Unterrichts individuell zu unterstützen. Im Hinblick auf die Nutzung von Unterstützungsangeboten spielt es eine entscheidende Rolle, wie diese Unterstützung von Schüler*innen wahrgenommen wird. Empirische Studien zeigen, dass die Wahrnehmung des Unterrichts interindividuell stark variiert. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass diese Variabilität auf unterschiedliche kognitive und affektiv-motivationale Voraussetzungen von Schüler*innen zurückgeführt werden kann. Bisher liegen jedoch kaum differenzielle Untersuchungen zur Schüler*innenwahrnehmung der Lernunterstützung vor, die systematisch Zusammenhänge mit individuellen Voraussetzungen in den Blick nehmen. An dieser Stelle setzt die vorliegende Studie mit dem Ziel an, mittels eines personenzentrierten Ansatzes zu einem besseren Verständnis unterschiedlicher Bedürfnisse hinsichtlich der Lernunterstützung beizutragen. Mittels latenter Profilanalysen wurden die Daten von 633 Mathematikschüler*innen der vierten Jahrgangsstufe ausgewertet. Auf diese Weise konnten vier verschiedene Schüler*innenprofile identifiziert werden: (1) starkes Profil, mit hoch ausgeprägter Selbstwirksamkeit, hoch ausgeprägter intrinsischer Motivation und hoch ausgeprägtem Vorwissen in Mathematik; (2) motiviertes Profil mit hoch ausgeprägter intrinsischer Motivation, durchschnittlicher Selbstwirksamkeit und geringem Vorwissen; (3) unmotiviertes Profil mit geringer Selbstwirksamkeit, geringer intrinsischer Motivation und mittlerem Vorwissen; (4) überfordertes Profil mit niedrigen Werten aller Variablen. Lernende mit starken oder motivierten Profilen nahmen die Lernunterstützung ihrer Lehrperson positiver wahr als Schüler*innen mit überforderten und unmotivierten Profilen. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen deutliche Unterschiede in der individuellen Wahrnehmung von Lernunterstützung und weisen diesbezüglich auf weiteren Forschungsbedarf hin.
Assessment of the Preparedness and Planning of Academic Emergency Departments in India During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicentric Survey
Authors: Gopinathan Vivek , Kunju Sanjan Asanaru , Krishnan S Vimal , Sirur Freston Marc , Balakrishnan Jayaraj Mymbilly 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjective:Emergency medicine being a young specialty in India, we aimed to assess the level of disaster preparedness and planning strategies among various academic emergency departments (EDs) across India during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Methods:A cross-sectional multicentric survey was developed and disseminated online to various academic EDs in India and followed up over a period of 8 wk. All results were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results:Twenty-eight academic emergency medicine departments responded to the study. Compared with pre-COVID period, COVID-19 pandemic has led to 90% of centers developing separate triage system with dedicated care areas for COVID suspected/infected in 78.6% centers with nearly 70% using separate transportation pathways. Strategizing and executing the Institutional COVID-19 treatment protocol in 80% institutes were done by emergency physicians. Training exercises for airway management and personal protective equipment (PPE) use were seen in 93% and 80% centers, respectively. Marked variation in recommended PPE use was observed across EDs in India.Conclusions:Our study highlights the high variance in the level of preparedness response among various EDs across India during the pandemic. Preparedness for different EDs across India needs to be individually assessed and planned according to the needs and resources available.
The Cuntz semigroup and the radius of comparison of the crossed product by a finite group
Authors: ASADI-VASFI M. ALI , GOLESTANI NASSER , PHILLIPS N. CHRISTOPHER 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLetGbe a finite group, letAbe an infinite-dimensional stably finite simple unital C*-algebra, and let$\alpha \colon G \to {\operatorname {Aut}} (A)$be an action ofGonAwhich has the weak tracial Rokhlin property. Let$A^{\alpha }$be the fixed point algebra. Then the radius of comparison satisfies${\operatorname {rc}} (A^{\alpha }) \leq {\operatorname {rc}} (A)$and${\operatorname {rc}} ( C^* (G, A, \alpha ) ) \leq ({1}/{{{\operatorname{card}}} (G))} \cdot {\operatorname {rc}} (A)$. The inclusion of$A^{\alpha }$inAinduces an isomorphism from the purely positive part of the Cuntz semigroup${\operatorname {Cu}} (A^{\alpha })$to the fixed points of the purely positive part of${\operatorname {Cu}} (A)$, and the purely positive part of${\operatorname {Cu}} ( C^* (G, A, \alpha ) )$is isomorphic to this semigroup. We construct an example in which$G \,{=}\, {\mathbb {Z}} / 2 {\mathbb {Z}}$,Ais a simple unital AH algebra,$\alpha $has the Rokhlin property,${\operatorname {rc}} (A)> 0$,${\operatorname {rc}} (A^{\alpha }) = {\operatorname {rc}} (A)$, and${\operatorname {rc}} ({C^* (G, A, \alpha)} ) = ({1}/{2}) {\operatorname {rc}} (A)$.
Paleobiology of a large mammal community from the late Pleistocene of Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Short Rachel A. , Emmert Laura G. , Famoso Nicholas A. , Martin Jeff M. , Mead Jim I. , Swift Sandy L. , Baez Arturo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA paleontological deposit near San Clemente de Térapa represents one of the very few Rancholabrean North American Land Mammal Age sites within Sonora, Mexico. During that time, grasslands were common, and the climate included cooler and drier summers and wetter winters than currently experienced in northern Mexico. Here, we demonstrate restructuring in the mammalian community associated with environmental change over the past 40,000 years at Térapa. The fossil community has a similar number of carnivores and herbivores whereas the modern community consists mostly of carnivores. There was also a 97% decrease in mean body size (from 289 kg to 9 kg) because of the loss of megafauna. We further provide an updated review of ungulates and carnivores, recognizing two distinct morphotypes ofEquus, includingE.scottiand a slighter species; as well asPlatygonus compressus;Camelops hesternus;Canis dirus; andLynx rufus;and the first regional records ofPalaeolama mirifica,Procyon lotor, andSmilodoncf.S.fatalis. The Térapa mammals presented here provide a more comprehensive understanding of the faunal community restructuring that occurred in northern Mexico from the late Pleistocene to present day, indicating further potential biodiversity loss with continued warming and drying of the region.
Coffee and tea consumption and the risk of glioma: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis
Authors: Pranata Raymond , Feraldho Andrea , Lim Michael Anthonius , Henrina Joshua , Vania Rachel , Golden Nyoman , July Julius 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis, we aimed to assess whether coffee and tea consumption is related to the risk of glioma. We performed a systematic literature search using PubMed, Embase, Scopus and the EuropePMC from the inception of database up until 1 October 2020. Exposures in the present study were coffee and tea consumption, the main outcome was the incidence of glioma. The present study compares the association between the exposure of coffee and tea with the incidence of glioma, and the results are reported in relative risks (RR). There are 12 unique studies comprising of 1 960 731 participants with 2987 glioma cases. Higher coffee consumption was associated with a statistically non-significant trend towards lower risk of glioma (RR 0·77 (95 % CI 0·55, 1·03), P= 0·11; I2:75·27 %). Meta-regression showed that the association between coffee and glioma was reduced by smoking (P= 0·029). Higher tea consumption was associated with a lower risk of glioma (RR 0·84 (95 % CI 0·71, 0·98), P= 0·030; I2:16·42 %). Sensitivity analysis by removal of case–control studies showed that higher coffee consumption (RR 0·85 (95 % CI 0·72, 1·00), P= 0·046; I2:0 %) and higher tea consumption (RR 0·81 (95 % CI 0·70, 0·93), P= 0·004; I2:0 %, Pnon-linearity = 0·140) were associated with lower risk of glioma. Dose–response meta-analysis showed that every one cup of coffee per day decreases the risk of glioma by 3 % (RR 0·97 (95 % CI 0·94, 0·99), P= 0·016, Pnon-linearity = 0·054) and every one cup of tea per day decreases the risk of glioma by 3 % (RR 0·97 (95 % CI 0·94, 1·00), P= 0·048). This meta-analysis showed apparent association between coffee and tea intake and risk of glioma.
Significant association between intracranial volume and verbal intellectual abilities in patients with schizophrenia and a history of birth asphyxia
Authors: Wortinger Laura Anne , Jørgensen Kjetil Nordbø , Barth Claudia , Nerland Stener , Smelror Runar Elle , Vaskinn Anja , Ueland Torill , Andreassen Ole A. , Agartz Ingrid 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe etiology of schizophrenia (SZ) is proposed to include an interplay between a genetic risk for disease development and the biological environment of pregnancy and birth, where early adversities may contribute to the poorer developmental outcome. We investigated whether a history of birth asphyxia (ASP) moderates the relationship between intracranial volume (ICV) and intelligence in SZ, bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls (HC).MethodsTwo hundred seventy-nine adult patients (18–42 years) on the SZ and BD spectrums and 216 HC were evaluated for ASP based on information from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to estimate ICV and intelligence quotient (IQ) assessment using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI). Multiple linear regressions were used for analyses.ResultsWe found a significant three-way interaction (ICV × ASP × diagnosis) on the outcome variable, IQ, indicating that the correlation between ICV and IQ was stronger in patients with SZ who experienced ASP compared to SZ patients without ASP. This moderation by ASP was not found in BD or HC groups. In patients with SZ, the interaction between ICV and a history of the ASP was specifically related to the verbal subcomponent of IQ as measured by WASI.ConclusionsThe significant positive association between ICV and IQ in patients with SZ who had experienced ASP might indicate abnormal neurodevelopment. Our findings give support for ICV together with verbal intellectual abilities as clinically relevant markers that can be added to prediction tools to enhance evaluations of SZ risk.
THE STRONG SILENT TYPE: MASCULINITY AND WANDELWEISER MUSIC
Authors: Cooper Ed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMasculinity is not just about being the loudest; it is a contradictory network of relationships relating to power, control and work. Deploying the methodology first developed in Raewyn Connell'sMasculinities(1995), this article argues that Wandelweiser works exhibit masculine social ordering. Silence presents apparent creative agency which is ultimately governed by the composer; fragile timbres strain the bodies of both the performers and listeners and encourage constant labour; openness displaces authorship, leaving interpreters to fill a composer-shaped hole. Analysis of these facets reveals a top-down power dynamic from these composers of the quiet that is integrally related to Connell's conception of hegemonic masculinity: the composer encourages reproduction and questioning of their dominant role from interpreters, which, counterintuitively, implicates their position of power. This investigation is interwoven with diary entries exposing and critiquing my own compositional process, demonstrating how masculinity is performed throughout my creative process and its subsequent documentation. This article explores how subversive, even if invisible, elements of masculinity lie within the process and product of composing instrumental music that initially may seem to counter typical ‘masculine’ musics.
THE MUSICAL DEPICTION OF A DISTORTED PLACE, SPACE AND TIME: AN INTERPRETATION OF JOHN ZORN'SINTERZONE
Authors: Windleburn Maurice 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article interprets John Zorn's compositionInterzone(2010) by comparing it to the eponymous place that is found throughout William S. Burroughs’ early novels. This is done through linking some of the ‘sound blocks’ that make up Zorn's composition to selected passages from Burroughs’ books as well as to specific events from the lives ofInterzone's two dedicatees: Burroughs, and his associate, the writer and painter Brion Gysin. Zorn's disjointed, chaotic arrangement of sound blocks, and by extension their extra-musical associations, is then shown to emulate the dream-like structure of the phantasmatic place that is Interzone, which Burroughs created for his novels with the aid of Gysin's ‘cut-up’ method. Through these extra-musical connotations, it is demonstrated that Zorn's composition imitates Interzone's distortion of place; of internal and external space; and, most importantly, of time.
THE CONCEPT ALBUM AS CURATORIAL ‘MEDIUM’: COLIN RILEY'S IN PLACE
Authors: McKeon Ed 
Published: March 2021

AbstractColin Riley's collaborative and curated project In Place (2015–18) – with its exploration of memory, place, language and identity – becomes a stimulus for considering the intertwining relationship between the song cycle and the album form. Featuring seven commissioned poets alongside found texts, In Place simultaneously assembles fragments of contemporary Britain and its broken tongues whilst reflecting on the current possibilities for binding these through song. Riley and his collaborators construct a sense of place in the movements between idiom, psychogeography, field recordings, samples, instrumental voices, speech and song, rather than from any fixed location, reference, identity or origin. I argue that this adapts and learns from the history of the album as a form of double binding, both of a finite set of materials and, crucially, of a community or interpersonal relations. With its development in the modern era through the poetry collection, song cycle, and recording, the album provides a model for living, collective remembrance, contrasting with the archival paradigm of preserving cultural authority. Its transformation and persistence are pursued with the emergence of the concept album through to music streaming, offering an historical framework in which In Place can be appreciated as a contribution to the contemporary ‘return to memory’.
Managing the retention or divestment of material possessions in the transition to retirement: implications for sustainable consumption and for later-life wellbeing
Authors: Venn Susan , Burningham Kate 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt has been argued that lifecourse transitions are transformative moments for individuals when lifestyles, habits and behaviours are potentially open to contemplation and change. Within sustainability research such ‘moments of change’ are regarded as offering potential to encourage less environmentally damaging consumption patterns. Research on consumption indicates that orientations to material goods and their affective significance are complex. Whilst sociological work understands attachment to things as integral to maintaining kinship relations, this is hard to reconcile with long-standing moral concerns about materialism and psychological research which indicates a negative relationship between the acquisition of material objects and wellbeing, and the environmental implications of acquiring and divesting ‘stuff’. Yet there has been little engagement with how older people orient to their material possessions and divestment, the implications of this for later-life wellbeing and for environmental sustainability. In this paper, we draw these different strands of work together to understand how retirees relate to their material possessions and their divestment. Drawing on serial interviews with individuals in the United Kingdom, we explore how the transition to retirement highlights the complexity of participants’ attachment to things. While some items had profound relational significance, others were experienced as troublesome. Decisions on what to divest were shaped by pragmatic considerations and levels of attachment, whilst modes of divestment were aligned with values of thrift.