bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural brain abnormalities associated with cognitive impairments in bipolar disorder
Authors: Macoveanu Julian , Freeman Katherine Olivia , Kjærstad Hanne Lie , Knudsen Gitte Moos , Kessing Lars Vedel , Miskowiak Kamilla Woznica 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveCognitive impairment has been highlighted as a core feature of bipolar disorder (BD) that often persists during remission. The specific brain correlates of cognitive impairment in BD remain unclear which impedes efficient therapeutic approaches. In a large sample of remitted BD patients, we investigated whether morphological brain abnormalities within dorsal prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus were related to cognitive deficits.MethodsRemitted BD patients (n = 153) and healthy controls (n = 52) underwent neuropsychological assessment and structural MRI. Based on hierarchical cluster analysis of neuropsychological test performance, patients were classified as either cognitively impaired (n = 91) or cognitively normal (n = 62). The neurocognitive subgroups were compared amongst each other and with healthy controls in terms of dorsal PFC cortical thickness and volume, hippocampus shape and volume, and total cerebral grey and white matter volumes.ResultsCognitively impaired patients displayed greater left dorsomedial prefrontal thickness compared to cognitively normal patients and healthy controls. Hippocampal grey matter volume and shape were similar across patient subgroups and healthy controls. At a whole‐brain level, cognitively impaired patients had lower cerebral white matter volume compared to the other groups. Across all participants, lower white matter volume correlated with more impaired neuropsychological test performance.ConclusionsOur findings associate cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder with cerebral white matter deficits, factors which may relate to the observed morphological changes in dorsomedial PFC possibly due to increased neurocognitive effort to maintain symptom stability in these remitted patients.
Consumption of processed food & food away from home in big cities, small towns, and rural areas of Tanzania
Authors: Sauer Christine M. , Reardon Thomas , Tschirley David , Liverpool‐Tasie Saweda , Awokuse Titus , Alphonce Roselyne , Ndyetabula Daniel , Waized Betty 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe study household consumption of various categories of processed food, including ultra‐processed food and meals away from home in Tanzania. We compare peri‐urban versus hinterland rural areas, and large cities versus small towns. Three sets of findings stand out. (1) Contrary to the common view in Africa that processed food is mainly an urban middle‐class phenomenon, we found it has penetrated the diets of the rural areas and the rural and urban poor. In rural areas, surprisingly 60% of food consumption comes from purchases in value terms, and processed food accounts for 76% of purchases and 47% of all food consumed. For the rural poor, purchased processed food is 38% of food consumption. In urban areas processed food's share of purchases (hence consumption) is 78%, similar for the rich and poor. (2) We found that ultra‐processed food (such as sugar‐sweetened beverages and cookies) and meals‐away‐from‐home (MAFH) have emerged as important in urban as well as rural areas. As these foods tend to be high in oil, salt, and sugar, this is a health concern. The share of ultra‐processed foods and MAFH is 21% in rural areas and 36% in cities albeit twice as high in large cities compared with small towns and among richer compared to poorer consumers. (3) Our regressions show the spread of processed food consumption in rural and urban areas, among the rich and poor, is driven mainly by opportunity costs of the time of women and men, and thus the pursuit of saving home‐processing and cooking time, as well as food environment factors. As these drivers are long term trends this suggests processed food consumption will continue to grow.
Dynamic evolvement of the de Winter ECG pattern
Authors: Wang Jian , Diao ShuLing , Ma Baoxin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe de Winter electrocardiograph (ECG) pattern in patients with chest pain is associated with occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending (LAD) artery. These patterns were once considered stable conditions, without dynamic evolution of ECG. Recently, several case reports have indicated that this ECG pattern may evolve into ST‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or may follow the ECG manifestations of STEMI. However, our case report reveals a dynamic evolution from the de Winter pattern to STEMI and then to a normal ECG pattern.
The Third Figure: The Creation of Intersubjectivity in Ethnographic Drawing
Authors: Kashanipour Jasamin 
Published: July 2021

SummaryIn this article, I discuss ethnographic drawing by differentiating between the practice of drawing people and that of drawing objects. Unlike drawing architecture, landscapes, or cities, drawing people is not only a practice of seeing but also of being seen. I follow the epistemological question of what happens at the core of drawing people ethnographically by considering the perspective of the person drawn. I introduce the notion of the “third figure,” which emerges from the anthropological study of the self and the other through drawing. The third figure is a distinctive state of mutual consciousness that incorporates the material and the intersubjective and immaterial dimension of the drawing process into ethnography.
A value of soluble Toll‐like receptor 2 and 4 in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid for the prediction of histological chorioamnionitis
Authors: Balciuniene Greta , Gulbiniene Violeta , Kvederaite‐Budre Greta , Dumalakiene Irena , Viliene Rita , Pilypiene Ingrida , Drasutiene Grazina S. , Ramasauskaite Diana 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis study was conducted to evaluate soluble Toll‐like receptor 2 (sTLR‐2) and soluble Toll‐like receptor 4 (sTLR‐4) levels in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid and investigate their value in the prediction of histological chorioamnionitis (HCA).Material and methodsThis prospective case–control study included patients who had been diagnosed with preterm premature rupture of membranes before 34 weeks of gestation and were admitted to Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos. Free leaking amniotic fluid was obtained vaginally using a sterile speculum up to 48 h before delivery. Amniotic fluid levels of sTLR‐2 and sTLR‐4 were determined using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The diagnosis of chorioamnionitis was confirmed by histological examination of the placenta and membranes after delivery.ResultsThe study included 156 patients, 65 with (HCA Group) and 91 without (non‐HCA Group) HCA. No statistically significant differences were noted in the concentrations of sTLR‐2 and sTLR‐4 in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid between patients with and without HCA: the median sTLR‐2 level was 0.09 ng/mL in the HCA Group vs 0.1 ng/mL in non‐HCA Group, and the median sTLR‐4 level was 0.23 ng/mL in the HCA Group vs 0.28 ng/mL in non‐HCA Group (p > 0.05). A positive correlation between sTLR‐2 and sTLR‐4 levels was identified (ρ = 0.57, p < 0.001), but no correlation was found between these markers and gestational age.ConclusionsConcentrations of sTLR‐2 and sTLR‐4 in vaginally obtained amniotic fluid do not reflect the presence of HCA in pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes before 34 weeks of gestation.
Second trimester induced abortions due to fetal anomalies—a population‐based study of diagnoses, examinations and clinical management
Authors: Edling Agnes , Lindström Linda , Bergman Eva 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionTwo‐thirds of induced abortions after gestational week (gw) 18 are performed due to fetal anomalies. The potential of the fetus to survive outside the uterus after birth is the upper limit for induced abortions in Sweden. Due to advances in neonatal medicine, fetal viability and the upper limit of late induced abortions have been converging over the last few decades. The aim of the study was to examine clinical management of fetal anomalies, including time frames, leading to second trimester abortions.Material and methodsAll induced abortions due to fetal anomalies after gw 11+6 in Uppsala county, Sweden, from 2010 to 2017, were reviewed from electronic medical records in a retrospective descriptive study. In total, 180 women underwent 185 abortions divided into 107 (57.8%) in an early group (gw 12+0 to 18+0), and 78 (42.2%) in a late group (≥ gw 18+1). Examinations performed were genetic testing, fetal echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pediatric counseling. Time frames from suspicion of fetal anomaly to abortion were reviewed.ResultsAnomalies were subdivided into groups of diagnosis: chromosomal (n = 104), central nervous system (n = 22), heart (n = 12), urinary tract (n = 10) and others (n = 37). Chromosomal anomaly was present in 82 (76.6%) in the early group and 22 (28.2%) in the late group. In the early group, examinations performed preceding a conclusive diagnosis were mainly QF‐PCR for trisomies (n = 97), microarray (n = 13), and genetic counseling (n = 14). In the late group, trisomy test was performed in 68, microarray in 31, MRI in 24, fetal echocardiography in 28, and pediatric or genetic counseling in 43 and six cases, respectively.Mean time interval from suspicion of fetal anomaly to the woman’s decision was 5 days before gw 18+1, 7 days in gw 18, and 13 days in gw 21. More than two examinations before reaching the decision to terminate the pregnancy were needed in two abortions (25.0%) in gw 18, increasing to 16 (80.0%) in gw 21.ConclusionsIncreasing complexity and diversity in fetal diagnoses require time‐consuming examinations in late‐induced abortions compared with earlier gestational weeks. A structured expedient process is necessary to allow for decision time and minimize terminations approaching the legal limit.
Progress and prospects of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in biomedical applications: A review
Authors: Elahi Narges , Rizwan Muhammad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNanoscience has been considered as one of the most substantial research in modern science. The utilization of nanoparticle (NP) materials provides numerous advantages in biomedical applications due to their unique properties. Among various types of nanoparticles, the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) of iron oxide possess intrinsic features, which have been efficiently exploited for biomedical purposes including drug delivery, magnetic resonance imaging, Magnetic‐activated cell sorting, nanobiosensors, hyperthermia, and tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The size and shape of nanostructures are the main factors affecting the physicochemical features of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, which play an important role in the improvement of MNP properties, and can be controlled by appropriate synthesis strategies. On the other hand, the proper modification and functionalization of the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles have significant effects on the improvement of physicochemical and mechanical features, biocompatibility, stability, and surface activity of MNPs. This review focuses on popular methods of fabrication, beneficial surface coatings with regard to the main required features for their biomedical use, as well as new applications.
Parental substance and alcohol abuse: Two ethical frameworks to assess whether and how intervention is appropriate
Authors: Snoek Anke , Horstkötter Dorothee 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEthical frameworks can support professionals’ decision‐making. Here, we identify two ethical frameworks to analyse the best support for families that struggle with parental substance or alcohol abuse. The first framework, which we call ‘the framework of conflicting interests’, is most prominent in the literature. Here, the interests of parents and children are weighed against each other using the medical ethical principles of respect for autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non‐maleficence. The second framework is most prominent in a series of interviews we conducted with alcohol‐dependent parents and professionals working in addiction care and youth care. This framework aligns more with an ethics of care, and starts with the assumption that the interests of people who are close to each other are often intertwined. This framework does not so much look at conflicting interests, but at relationships and vulnerability. We label this the ethics of care framework. In this article, we show the value of both frameworks and how they can support ethical decision‐making.
Truthfulness and the person living with dementia: Embedded intentions, speech acts and conforming to the reality
Authors: Hughes Julian C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHighly reputable bodies have said that lying is to be avoided when speaking with people living with dementia, unless it cannot be. And yet, the evidence is that many professionals looking after people who live with dementia have been lying to them. I wish to consider an underlying philosophical justification for the moral position that allows lying under some circumstances whilst still condemning it generally. It can seem difficult to ignore the immorality of lying, but thinkers have developed arguments to get around the absolute prohibition. I shall argue that in concrete circumstances the object and the intended end of an action are not as clearly distinct as has been presumed. Further, looking at how language functions allows us to appeal to speech acts and to see the illocutionary force of a statement as way to broaden its purview. We need not think that the only options are between lying and not lying; there is also the possibility, in exigent circumstances, of ‘conforming to the reality’, which would allow a more nuanced account of moral acts, where the intentional nature of the act is no longer to lie. There are, thus, extreme concrete circumstances where not to speak the truth may be excusable, even if regrettable.
Decoding and comprehension skills mediate the link between a small‐group reading programme and English national literacy assessments
Authors: Vousden Janet I. , Cunningham Anna J. , Johnson Helen , Waldron Sam , Ammi Sabrina , Pillinger Claire , Savage Robert , Wood Clare 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundDespite the fact that literacy instruction is a main focus of primary education, many children struggle to meet nationally set standards.AimsWe aimed to test which components of a comprehensive reading programme (ABRACADABRA: https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1186%2FISRCTN18254678&data=04%7C01%7Cjanet.vousden%40ntu.ac.uk%7C880280e0b00749df855308d94068a0bb%7C8acbc2c5c8ed42c78169ba438a0dbe2f%7C1%7C0%7C637611640381216902%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=%2B4U9sGfofkyCPEY7lWz8n3TPoMOAeJMXyFwdhW6EpUw%3D&reserved=0) mediated the effect of the programme on nationally assessed literacy outcomes.SampleFollowing blind allocation, 516 Year 1 pupils from 40 schools were randomized to the programme group, and 908 Year 1 pupils, to a control condition.MethodsPupils in the programme completed 20 weeks of instruction in grapheme/phoneme knowledge, decoding, and comprehension. Control children received regular classroom instruction.ResultsChildren in the programme group were significantly better at these taught skills after the programme finished (effect sizes: grapheme/phoneme knowledge, β = .33, 95% CI [0.09–0.57]; decoding, β = .26, 95% CI [0.09–0.43]; and comprehension, β = .26, 95% CI [0.05–0.47]). Improvements in the programme group’s decoding and comprehension skills fully mediated the improvements in national literacy assessments serving as a delayed post‐test 12 months after the programme. Programme group pupils were 2.3 (95% CI [1.4–4.1]) times more likely to achieve/exceed the expected standard in reading, and 1.8 (95% CI [1.2–2.6]) times more likely to achieve/exceed the expected standard in writing due to an increase in the trained skills.ConclusionsThese results provide strong evidence that a programme that incorporates decoding and comprehension instruction for typically developing beginning readers improves distal educational outcomes in reading and writing through increasing proficiencies targeted by the reading programme.
“Everyone has a story to tell”: A review of life stories in learning disability research and practice
Authors: Ledger Sue , McCormack Noelle , Walmsley Jan , Tilley Elizabeth , Davies Ian 
Published: July 2021

Accessible summaryThis paper considers what we know about the life stories of people with learning disabilities.It was inspired by one of the authors sharing his own life story.It explores what a life story is.It discusses how life stories help us to understand more about people's lives and historyIt reviews what we know about how people with learning disabilities can record their stories, including people with high support needsWe know life stories can help people to get good support and person‐centred careBut we found that people's stories are often lost when there are big changes in their livesWe found that staff may not have the skills or confidence to support people to tell and record their storiesWe think it is important to find out how life stories can be used to support better care for more people.​AbstractIn this paper, the authors review life stories in learning disability research and practice since the 1960s. Although there is consistent evidence of their value in giving people a voice and an identity beyond the service label, they are not widely used in the provision of health and social care. This is despite long‐standing policy commitments to person‐centred practice. The paper explores possible barriers to the use of life story work and what further research is needed if they are to be more widely and effectively used in practice.
Sound and Vision: Reflections on running a community‐based group for men with learning disabilities online, during the pandemic
Authors: Moloney Paul , Dobel‐Ober David , Millichap Sarah 
Published: July 2021

Accessible summary

To feel safe and to keep well, all of us need to stay in touch with our friends—most of all in the pandemic, and even more if we have a disability.

In these times of COVID‐19, we have kept a community group for men with learning disabilities going online.

In the gaps between lockdowns, we have met in a mixed online and face‐to‐face group—with the face‐to‐face part happening in a library.

The men say that they have been helped by both kinds of meeting, but that they liked the mixed or “hybrid” one the best.

This article shows what we have learned from running the group in these ways, and it gives advice for anyone who might want to have a go themselves.

AbstractBackgroundSocial contact and belonging are among the most important keys to health and wellbeing, especially for the most vulnerable during the current global pandemic.MethodThis reflective paper describes the authors' efforts to sustain an online version of a well‐established community psychology‐oriented group for men with learning disabilities, in challenging times. Drawing upon the learning disability literature and upon theories from community and embodied‐dialogical psychology, it explores the most salient shared issues, our joint efforts to address them and possible implications for future clinical practice.FindingsTo take advantage of the discovered benefits of online working, we envisage that, post‐lockdown, the group will continue to meet in a “hybrid” (combined face‐to‐face and online form) as described herein: and with some pointers for anyone who might wish to create a similar group.
Spatial location of new foreign firms in Shanghai under the transformation of urban development
Authors: Li Kai , Zhang Yunzhi , Wang Wensi , Jiang Yonglei , Zhang Hexin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the continuous development of Shanghai, urban construction has changed the geographical location choices of foreign enterprises. This paper uses spatial econometric methods to analyze the preferences of foreign companies when choosing addresses by considering location factors and aggregation factors. The results show that Shanghai's newly introduced foreign‐funded enterprises are mainly concentrated in six industries, including wholesale and retail, manufacturing, leasing, and commercial services, and the geographic spatial distribution of new foreign enterprises in Shanghai shows “central concentration and peripheral dispersion.” There is an obvious inverted U‐shaped pattern in this phenomenon. Among the location factors, distance from the airport is an important factor that affects the location choice of enterprises. In addition, agglomeration factors have different effects on the location models of new enterprises in six industries.
Validation of the Chinese version of the Short‐Form Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD) scale
Authors: Liu Hong‐Zhi , Lyu Xiaokang , Liu Ying , Han Zhenming , Ye Jingjing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesAs an important part of health literacy, oral health literacy has been adapted to dental practice and research. The 14‐item short version of the Health Literacy in Dentistry (HeLD) scale demonstrated excellent reliability, validity and precision when tested among English‐speaking populations. However, an appropriate and reliable assessment of this scale in other language contexts remains lacking. The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of HeLD (HeLD‐C) for the Chinese population must therefore be examined.MethodsThe short version of HeLD was translated into Chinese, and one item was deleted because of its unsuitability for the Chinese healthcare system. The psychometric properties of HeLD‐C were evaluated in a sample of 404 Chinese participants aged from 19 to 72 years. The item selection analyses were performed by comparing the difference of each item between the high‐ and low‐score groups. The internal consistency reliability was assessed using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory structural equation modelling. For the criterion validity, correlations between the HeLD‐C and the criterion validity scales, including the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), oral hygiene maintenance habits, and oral health status were tested using Pearson's correlation.ResultsResults of item selection reveal significant differences among all items between the high‐ and low‐score groups (Ps < .001). The internal consistency reliability of HeLD‐C was measured using Cronbach's α (0.92), whereas its construct validity was measured using χ2[df] (3.30), comparative fit index (0.95), Tucker–Lewis index (0.94), root mean square error of approximation (0.08), and standardized root mean square residual (0.05). The criterion validity analyses show that HeLD‐C is correlated with the criterion validity scales, including eHEALS, oral hygiene maintenance habits and oral health status (Ps < .001).ConclusionsChinese version of HeLD is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the oral health literacy of the Chinese adult population.