bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urban regeneration of ghost cities
Authors: Devan Keerthana S , Bindu CA 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGhost cities are abandoned urban area, town, or city, usually one that contains substantial visible remains. Cities are socio-technical systems, precariously integral, capable of growing as well as becoming smaller and fragmented but still functioning. Even though they have a resilient inherent quality, many cities around the world are witnessing slow death. The reasons could be ecological and social debasement, diminishing opportunities for the young population, moving of financial focuses, poor administration, loss of character and so. Thus, a ghost city is reflected in everything from that point, in its type of capacity and in particular the functionaries – the city dwellers. Ghost cities are relinquished urban zone, town, or city, normally one that contains as yet existing noticeable remains. The greater part of the cities is confronting decline of social, economic, physical and environmental issues. Urban regeneration the practice to overcome the decline of the vitality and viability of town centres across several cities world over. Project handles the issues of decline and urban decay, have structured complex processes of urban regeneration. The regeneration strategies are mainly based on Enhancing & Protecting Social values, Development of Economic values, Improvement of Physical & environmental values. Urban regeneration is interlinked missions creating clean, sanitized, healthy, liveable, economically vibrant and responsive cities propagate ‘Planning’ as a fundamental tool for sustainable development. Urban regeneration processes focusing on all elements of an area that help contribute to the creation of a more sustainable city and environment.
Understanding the need of satellite towns in India
Authors: Ananda Krishnan S , Sujith K M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Satellite cities are planned cities, adjacent to a prime city. Such cities manage and contain the increasing urban sprawl. They are designed for a major city to extend in all possible ways. They are to house and utilize a mushrooming population; the individuals might fabricate an interest for development of the current settlement in a metropolitan city. Satellite cities are entirely standalone cities, planned, and developed outside metros. They are self-containing, independent cities. Here this paper aims to study the importance of satellite cities, its connection with parent city and how it is perceived in city planning. The paper also try to evolve a set of strategies that to be incorporated while planning so that a satellite town will become a feasible option for solving the issues of metropolitan cities. Satellite town is one of the main options that can be adopted in our current scenario. The government of India also encourages the development of satellite towns as one of the solutions to solve the issues of congested cities.
Urban liquid waste management: bane to boon-a study of Palakkad town in Kerala
Authors: Aneesa S , Arathi N , Geetha A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A clean and healthy environment is part and parcel of the wealth and the quality of life that desire for ourselves now and for children in the future. The mismanagement of wastewater in urban areas possesses a major challenge. Together, the waste water discharge and waste disposal had brought about degenerative effects on human well-being and environment which made uneasiness on urban day to day life. Thus, there is an immense need of an effective liquid waste management for a sustainable healthy environment. Since Palakkad municipal area which is chosen for the study lacks a well-defined sewerage network within the city which possesses immense health and environmental risks owing to chaotic urban life. Thus, there is a need for an integrated liquid waste management plan for the region for a booming and healthy urban life. This research explores the effective management of liquid wastes generated within the study domain as part of urban life and how it could be carried out in an effective manner minimizing environmental and health risks. Also, suggesting reuse alternatives from the processed wastes to restore the 3Rs to bring back sustainability. An effective liquid waste management is an essential service core of an urban area and a most important sector for a planned development which cannot be secluded and have to be given equal priority as that of other sectors. Thus, adopting some effective practices would minimize the issues spawned due to the haphazard management of liquid wastes, enabling a clean and healthy city.
Power spectral estimation of engine block vibrations to classify and predict the occurrence of knock
Authors: Antonio Joseph V K , Kumaran Thampi Gireesh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The study focuses on developing a sophisticated technology for determining the occurrence of knocking in SI engines. Fast Fourier Transform is performed on the engine block vibration signal to obtain the power spectral estimation. Window size of the signal is varied to extract the signals produced during the combustion inside each cylinder alone. The results obtained show that there is a clear demarcation between the power spectrum obtained during the occurrence of knock and normal combustion. Also, knock can be classified based on the intensity as strong, moderate or weak by analysing the vibration signals alone. This technique makes it suitable to be used in SI engine to investigate the combustion process in all the cylinders individually using an accelerometer mounted on the engine block.
Modelling and simulation of semi-automatic glass window cleaning machine
Authors: Abhijith Kumar A , Akhil R K , Ajnas A A , Abdul Vasih E V , Jithu J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The proposed design of the glass cleaning robot has two columns, each of whose ends are connected to four vacuum suction cups. Vacuum ducts connect the suction cups to the vacuum pump. Solenoid valves are used for controlling the suction in the suction cups so that the effective movement of the legs can be achieved. The vacuum supply to the two suction cups at the end of one column is cut off for moving the robot. Now, the pneumatic piston is used to move that column while keeping the other column fixed. This helps in the vertical motion of the robot. Similarly, another set of columns connected to a pneumatic piston is fixed perpendicular to the vertical column, which enables the robot to move in a horizontal direction. A cleaning unit is attached to the robot for the desired cleaning purpose. It consists of a microfiber brush, which continually cleans the surface as the robot moves with the help of a DC motor. A CAD model was designed and a static stress analysis while the robot is fixed on the surface was done using Autodesk® Fusion™ 360. The movement of the robot on vertical as well as on inclined surface is simulated. The results of the analysis show that the robot can successfully hold on to the wall with four suction cups and is able to climb vertical surfaces with more ease than inclined surfaces.
High specific strength steel as an alternative material for heavy vehicle chassis – an explicit analysis
Authors: Aathira K U , Keerthi V C , Arjun S , Kiran S J , Ramesh S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The chassis frame forms the backbone of a heavy vehicle which carries the load for all designed operating conditions. An important consideration in chassis design is adequate bending stiffness along with strength for better handling characteristics. Maximum shear stress and deflection are the important criteria in chassis design. The present paper is on the design of heavy vehicle chassis and its strength and rigidity analysis. In the analysis under identical load conditions, currently used chassis materials like low and medium carbon steels and cast iron are compared with high specific strength steel which can be an effective substitute material for the chassis. High specific strength steel has low density and possesses high strength properties. The dimensions of an existing vehicle chassis of AMW 2523 TP truck is taken for analysis. Rectangular Box type cross section is considered as it is observed to undergo least deflection. For validation the design is done by applying the vertical loads acting on different horizontal cross sections. The modelling and analysis are performed using SOLIDWORKS 2016 and ANSYS16.0. The results show that HSSS has the least deformation and stress induced and the proposed material provides enough strength and rigidity to the chassis.
Mechanical, thermal and morphological characterization of PP/PS/HDPE ternary immiscible polymer blend for light weight automotive applications
Authors: Surej Rajan C , Alen Varghese Lity , Joseph Shiny , George Soney C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Thermoplastic polymer blends investigation is significant because of the broad applications in automotive, aerospace, electrical appliances, etc. In this study ternary polymer blends of polypropylene (PP)/polystyrene (PS)/high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were prepared which bear superior properties appropriate for light weight automobile applications. The mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of these mixes were analyzed which promotes the application areas to which it is suitable for. PP can enhance the properties when used as a blend with other thermoplastics namely polystyrene and high-density polyethylene. The dispersed phase of minor components strengthens continuous phase by energy barring properties within the limitations. The mechanical and thermal properties of ternary blend is found to be higher than that of binary blends. The maximum value obtained for tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength are 39.72 MPa, 49.47 MPa, 28.80 kJ/m2 which are higher than binary blend and raw polymer. The results exhibit a stronger prospect for these blends even without the addition of compatibilizer.
Bioengineered in vitro 3D model of myotonic dystrophy type 1 human skeletal muscle
Authors: Fernández-Garibay Xiomara , Ortega María A , Cerro-Herreros Estefanía , Comelles Jordi , Martínez Elena , Artero Rubén , Fernández-Costa Juan M , Ramón-Azcón Javier 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common hereditary myopathy in the adult population. The disease is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle degeneration that produces severe disability. At present, there is still no effective treatment for DM1 patients, but the breakthroughs in understanding the molecular pathogenic mechanisms in DM1 have allowed the testing of new therapeutic strategies. Animal models and in vitro two-dimensional cell cultures have been essential for these advances. However, serious concerns exist regarding how faithfully these models reproduce the biological complexity of the disease. Biofabrication tools can be applied to engineer human three-dimensional (3D) culture systems that complement current preclinical research models. Here, we describe the development of the first in vitro 3D model of DM1 human skeletal muscle. Transdifferentiated myoblasts from patient-derived fibroblasts were encapsulated in micromolded gelatin methacryloyl-carboxymethyl cellulose methacrylate hydrogels through photomold patterning on functionalized glass coverslips. These hydrogels present a microstructured topography that promotes myoblasts alignment and differentiation resulting in highly aligned myotubes from both healthy and DM1 cells in a long-lasting cell culture. The DM1 3D microtissues recapitulate the molecular alterations detected in patient biopsies. Importantly, fusion index analyses demonstrate that 3D micropatterning significantly improved DM1 cell differentiation into multinucleated myotubes compared to standard cell cultures. Moreover, the characterization of the 3D cultures of DM1 myotubes detects phenotypes as the reduced thickness of myotubes that can be used for drug testing. Finally, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of antagomiR-23b administration on bioengineered DM1 skeletal muscle microtissues. AntagomiR-23b treatment rescues both molecular DM1 hallmarks and structural phenotype, restoring myotube diameter to healthy control sizes. Overall, these new microtissues represent an improvement over conventional cell culture models and can be used as biomimetic platforms to establish preclinical studies for myotonic dystrophy.
Consider This Before Using the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Pandemic as an Instrumental Variable in an Epidemiologic Study
Authors: Dimitris Michelle C , Platt Robert W 
Published: April 2021

AbstractEpidemiologists sometimes use external sources of variation to explore highly confounded exposure-outcome relationships or exposures that cannot be randomized. These exogenous sources of variation, or natural experiments, are sometimes proposed as instrumental variables to examine the effects of given exposures on given outcomes. Previous epidemiologic studies have applied this technique using famines, earthquakes, weather events, and previous pandemics as exogenous sources of variation for other exposures; interest in applying this technique using the current severe acute respiratory system coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is already documented. Yet large-scale events like these likely have broad and complicated impacts on human health, which almost certainly violates the exclusion restriction assumption of instrumental variable analyses. We review the assumptions of instrumental variable analyses, highlight previous applications of this method with respect to natural experiments with broad impacts or “shocks,” and discuss how these relate to our current observations of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. While we encourage thorough investigation of the broad impacts of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on human health, we caution against its widespread use as an instrumental variable to study other exposures of interest.
Knightian uncertainty: through a Jamesian window
Authors: Rizzo Mario J , Dold Malte 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Frank Knight is famous for the distinction between risk and uncertainty. In this paper, we argue that Knight’s distinction is different from the one made by those who seek to interpret it within a neoclassical framework. Knight does not reduce ‘true uncertainty’ to the application of (axiomatic) subjective probability. Instead, Knight highlights the power of intuitive judgement in situations of uncertainty. Moreover, Knight conceptualises uncertainty along a continuum which means that many of our real-world problems must be seen as mixed cases of risk and uncertainty. This paper illustrates that Knight’s arguments can be more fully understood through the lens of William James’s psychology, which deeply influenced Knight’s way of thinking. Finally, this paper links Knight’s argument to a growing body of recent empirical literature that shows how effective judgemental–intuitive modes of reasoning are in cases of environmental instability. In doing so, this paper begins to fill out the uncertainty framework, which Knight has sketched in Risk, Uncertainty and Profit (1921).
A Survey on Recommender Systems for Internet of Things: Techniques, Applications and Future Directions
Authors: Altulyan May , Yao Lina , Wang Xianzhi , Huang Chaoran , Kanhere Salil S , Sheng Quan Z 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recommendation is a critical tool for developing and promoting the benefits of the Internet of Things (IoT). In recent years, recommender systems have attracted considerable attention in many IoT-related fields such as smart health, smart home, smart tourism and smart marketing. However, traditional recommender system approaches fail to exploit ever-growing, dynamic and heterogeneous IoT data in building recommender systems for the IoT (RSIoT). This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art RSIoT, including the related techniques, applications and a discussion on the limitations of applying recommendation systems to IoT. Finally, we propose a reference framework for comparing existing studies to guide future research and practices.
Culture and Contracts: The Historical Legacy of Forced Labour
Authors: Blouin Arthur 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCan divide-and-rule colonial policy be responsible for contemporary ethnic tension? This paper empirically investigates the role of a divisive and extractive colonial policy on Hutu–Tutsi discord in Rwanda and Burundi. It shows that Hutu with a family history of subjugation to forced labour by Tutsi chiefs are less trusting of Tutsi today and less willing to partner with Tutsi for a cooperative task. This may have implications for agriculture insurance agreements because Hutu are more agrarian and Tutsi are more pastoral. Indeed, Hutu with a forced labour family history make fewer inter-household insurance agreements and are more likely to experience default.
In-house 3D-printed aligners: effect ofin vivoageing on mechanical properties
Authors: Can Esad , Panayi Nearchos , Polychronis Georgios , Papageorgiou Spyridon N , Zinelis Spiros , Eliades George , Eliades Theodore 
Published: April 2021

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate alterations in the mechanical properties of in-house three-dimensional (3D) printed orthodontic aligners after intraoral ageing.Materials and methodsSixteen 3D-printed aligners (TC-85DAC resin, Graphy, Seoul, Korea) were used for the purpose of the study, which were divided into 10 control (not used) aligners and 6 materials retrieved from 4 patients after 1-week service (retrieved group). Samples from the control group were analysed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Samples from control/retrieved groups were embedded resin and subjected to instrumented indentation testing (IIT) to record force–indentation depth curves, calculating the following (as per ISO 14577-1, 2002 standard): Martens hardness (HM), indentation modulus (EIT), and elastic index (ηIT), and the indentation relaxation index (RIT). Differences between control and retrieved 3D-printed aligners were checked with Mann–Whitney/t-tests at an alpha = 5%.ResultsATR-FTIR analysis showed that aligners were made of a vinyl ester–urethane material. The results of the IIT testing were: HM (control: median 91.5 N/mm2, interquartile range [IQR] 88.0–93.0/as-retrieved: median 90.5 N/mm2, IQR 89.0–93.0); EIT (control, mean 2616.3 MPa, standard deviation [SD] 107.0 MPa/retrieved, mean 2673.2 MPa, SD 149.4 MPa); ηIT (control: median 28.6%, IQR 28.2–30.9%/as-retrieved: median 29.0%, IQR 28.7–29.2%); and RIT (control: median 45.5%, IQR 43.0–47.0%/as-retrieved: median 45.1%, IQR 45.0–45.3%). No differences between as-retrieved and control aligners were found for any of the mechanical properties tested (P &gt; 0.05 in all instances).ConclusionThe mechanical properties of the in-house 3D-printed aligners tested were not affected after 1 week in service period.
Complications of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator treatment in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Christensen Alex Hørby , Platonov Pyotr G , Svensson Anneli , Jensen Henrik K , Rootwelt-Norberg Christine , Dahlberg Pia , Madsen Trine , Frederiksen Tanja Charlotte , Heliö Tiina , Haugaa Kristina H , Bundgaard Henning , Svendsen Jesper H 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsTreatment with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD) is a cornerstone for prevention of sudden cardiac death in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). We aimed at describing the complications associated with ICD treatment in a multinational cohort with long-term follow-up.Methods and resultsThe Nordic ARVC registry was established in 2010 and encompasses a large multinational cohort of ARVC patients, including their clinical characteristics, treatment, and events during follow-up. We included 299 patients (66% males, median age 41 years). During a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 124 (41%) patients experienced appropriate ICD shock therapy, 28 (9%) experienced inappropriate shocks, 82 (27%) had a complication requiring surgery (mainly lead-related, n = 75), and 99 (33%) patients experienced the combined endpoint of either an inappropriate shock or a surgical complication. The crude rate of first inappropriate shock was 3.4% during the first year after implantation but decreased after the first year and plateaued over time. Contrary, the risk of a complication requiring surgery was 5.5% the first year and remained high throughout the study period. The combined risk of any complication was 7.9% the first year. In multivariate cox regression, presence of atrial fibrillation/flutter was a risk factor for inappropriate shock (P &lt; 0.05), whereas sex, age at implant, and device type were not (all P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionForty-one percent of ARVC patients treated with ICD experienced potentially life-saving ICD therapy during long-term follow-up. A third of the patients experienced a complication during follow-up with lead-related complications constituting the vast majority.
Factors associated with changes in consumption among smokers and alcohol drinkers during the COVID-19 ‘lockdown’ period
Authors: Reynolds Ciara M E , Purdy Joanna , Rodriguez Lauren , McAvoy Helen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
The impact of the COVID-19 public health social measures (PHSM) on health behaviours is poorly understood. We aimed to identify factors associated with changes in alcohol and tobacco consumption during the strictest period of PHSM ‘lockdown’.

Methods
Logistic regression analysis was conducted using secondary data from the Central Statistics Office Social Impact Survey collected during the first lockdown in Ireland (23 April– 1 May 2020).

Results
Of the 1362 (33.8%) individuals that responded to the survey, 80.6% were current drinkers and 26.0% were smokers. The majority of smokers (60.9%) and drinkers (60.6%) reported no change in consumption. However, 30.5% of smokers and 22.2% of drinkers reported increased consumption. Being concerned about household stress from confinement [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3–2.9, P = 0.002], working from home (aOR 2.1, 95 CI 1.4–3.3, P &lt; 0.001) and urban living (aOR 2.0, 95 CI 1.5–2.9, P &lt; 0.001) were associated with increases in alcohol consumption. Feeling very nervous (aOR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.0, P = 0.009), feeling downhearted/depressed (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3–4.4, P = 0.004), being concerned about someone else’s health (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.9, P = 0.031), working from home (aOR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0–5.3, P = 0.046) and increases in alcohol consumption (aOR 3.6, 95% CI 1.7–7.7, P = 0.023) were associated with increases in tobacco consumption.

Conclusion
A mixed picture was evident in terms of changes in consumption among current smokers and drinkers. Increased consumption was more commonly reported than reductions. Increased consumption was associated with psychological distress and socio-economic factors. Policies and services should consider a response to widening inequalities in harmful consumption.