bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of baseline disease severity on achievement of treatment target with apremilast: results from a pooled analysis
Authors: Reich K. , Mrowietz U. , Menter A. , Griffiths C.E.M. , Bagel J. , Strober B. , Nunez Gomez N. , Shi R. , Guerette B. , Lebwohl M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundTreating to absolute treatment targets rather than relative measures such as Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI)‐75 is emerging as an important clinical concept included in psoriasis guidelines and clinical practice. Achieving treatment targets is associated with achievement of long‐term outcomes.ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationship between psoriasis severity, disease characteristics and achievement of PASI ≤2 with apremilast in a pooled analysis of the phase 3 ESTEEM 1 and 2 (NCT01194219 and NCT01232283), phase 3b LIBERATE (NCT01690299) and phase 4 UNVEIL (NCT02425826) clinical trials.MethodsPooled data from patients with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis randomized to apremilast 30 mg BID were analysed by baseline PASI quartiles (Q1: 2.4–13.1; Q2: 13.2–15.9; Q3: 16.0–20.0; Q4: 20.1–57.8). Assessments included PASI, Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), Scalp Physician’s Global Assessment (ScPGA; ScPGA ≥1) and target (worst) Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI; NAPSI ≥1).ResultsOf 1062 patients, 963 had ScPGA ≥1 and 643 had NAPSI ≥1; 771 patients with baseline and Week 32 PASI assessments were included in analyses of Week 32 PASI target achievement. Rates of PASI ≤2 at Week 32 were greater in lower PASI quartiles (Q1: 43.5%; Q2: 31.2%; Q3: 26.8%; Q4: 18.4%). Most patients achieving PASI ≤2 target (83.6%) achieved DLQI ≤5 at Week 32; 59.3% of patients who did not achieve PASI ≤2 target achieved DLQI ≤5. At Week 32, mean improvements in ScPGA and NAPSI were similar with more moderate vs. more severe disease (ScPGA, range: 1.1–1.4; NAPSI, range: 1.6–2.5). In a subgroup analysis, achievement of PASI ≤2 target was higher in the lowest PASI quartile and with disease duration <5 years.ConclusionsGreater achievement of PASI ≤2 was observed in patients with more moderate vs. more severe skin disease. Apremilast may be particularly beneficial in more moderate disease early in the treatment paradigm.
An improved Yolov3 based on dual path network for cherry tomatoes detection
Authors: Chen Jiqing , Wang Zhikui , Wu Jiahua , Hu Qiang , Zhao Chaoyang , Tan Chengzhi , Teng Long , Luo Tian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the development of deep learning theory, the application of Yolov3 in fruit detection has been widely studied. Aiming at the problem that Yolov3 loses information during network transmission and the semantic feature extraction of small targets is not rich, this article proposed an improved Yolov3 cherry tomato detection algorithm. Firstly, the proposed algorithm uses dual path network as a feature extraction network to extract richer small target semantic features. Second, four feature layers with different scales are established for multiscale prediction. Finally, the improved K‐means++ clustering algorithm is used to calculate the scale of anchor boxes. Experiments showed that the algorithm has a precision rate of 94.29%, a recall rate of 94.07%, and an F1 value of 94.18%. The F1 value is 1.54% higher than Faster R‐CNN and 3.45% higher than Yolov3. It takes 58 ms on average to recognize an image, which provides a theoretical basis for the fruit detection.Practical ApplicationsFruit picking is a labor‐intensive task. Traditionally, fruit picking relies on manpower. This method of harvesting has high cost and low efficiency, which seriously hinders the development of the fruit industry. This research uses deep learning algorithms to detect and recognize cherry tomatoes, guide robots in picking, and improve production efficiency. It is of great value to the recognition technology of industrial‐scale fruit picking robots.
Spinal Nrf2 translocation may inhibit neuronal NF‐κB activation and alleviate allodynia in a rat model of bone cancer pain
Authors: Fu Jie , Ni Chaobo , Ni Hua‐Dong , Xu Long‐Sheng , He Qiu‐Li , Pan Huan , Huang Dong‐Dong , Sun Yan‐Bao , Luo Ge , Liu Ming‐Juan , Yao Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBone cancer pain (BCP) is a clinical pathology that urgently needs to be solved, but research on the mechanism of BCP has so far achieved limited success. Nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NFE2)‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been shown to be involved in pain, but its involvement in BCP and the specific mechanism have yet to be examined. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that BCP induces the transfer of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and further promotes nuclear transcription to activate heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) and inhibit the activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) signalling, ultimately regulating the neuroinflammatory response. Von‐Frey was used for behavioural analysis in rats with BCP, whereas western blotting, real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐PCR) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect molecular expression changes, and immunofluorescence was used to detect cellular localization. We demonstrated that BCP induced increased Nrf2 nuclear protein expression with decreased cytoplasmic protein expression in the spinal cord. Further increases in Nrf2 nuclear protein expression can alleviate hyperalgesia and activate HO‐1 to inhibit the expression of NF‐κB nuclear protein and inflammatory factors. Strikingly, intrathecal administration of the corresponding siRNA reversed the above effects. In addition, the results of double immune labelling revealed that Nrf2 and NF‐κB were coexpressed in spinal cord neurons of rats with BCP. In summary, these findings suggest that the entry of Nrf2 into the nucleus promotes the expression of HO‐1, inhibiting activation of the NF‐κB signalling pathway, reducing neuroinflammation and ultimately exerting an anti‐nociceptive effect.
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Investigation of the association between human fascia lata thickness and its neighboring tissues' morphology and function using B‐mode ultrasonography
Authors: Otsuka Shun , Shan Xiyao , Kurumisawa Keisuke , Omura Shiho , Yamagishi Takaki , Naito Munekazu , Kawakami Yasuo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe fascia lata is a membrane tissue which envelopes all thigh muscles and connects with the subcutaneous adipose tissues through loose connective tissues. It is presumable that the morphology of the fascia lata is strongly affected by the unique properties of underlying thigh muscles and subcutaneous adipose tissues. We aimed to investigate the relationships between characteristics of the fascia lata and adjoining adipose tissues and underlying muscles. Twenty healthy people were recruited (25 ± 3 years, 167.1 ± 8.5 cm, 62.5 ± 13.2 kg). The thickness of the skeletal muscles (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus), and their overlying fascia lata and subcutaneous adipose tissues were measured by B‐mode ultrasonography. Isometric knee extension and flexion torque during maximal voluntary contraction were also tested. The fascia lata thickness demonstrated site‐dependent differences (vastus lateralis: 0.91 ± 0.20 mm > rectus femoris, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus: 0.56–0.69 mm, p < 0.01). Furthermore, there were large individual variations in the fascia lata thickness even in the same region of the thigh. The fascia lata showed positive simple correlations with height (rectus femoris: r = 0.39 p = 0.01, semitendinosus: r = 0.37 p < 0.05), body mass (rectus femoris: r = 0.59, p < 0.01, vastus lateralis: r = 0.47, p < 0.01, semitendinosus: r = 0.55, p < 0.01), corresponding muscle thickness (rectus femoris: r = 0.39, p < 0.05, semitendinosus: r = 0.74, p < 0.01) and knee extension (rectus femoris: r = 0.52, p < 0.01, vastus lateralis: r = 0.40, p < 0.01) and flexion (semitendinosus: r = 0.41, p < 0.01) torques. After adjusting for the influence of height and/or body mass, the fascia lata thickness showed a partial correlation only with the skeletal muscle thickness at the semitendinosus (r = 0.61, p < 0.01). The present study revealed that the fascia lata has site‐specific differences of the thickness, which positively correlates with the underlying muscle thickness and corresponding joint torque. Furthermore, the fascia lata over the semitendinosus is associated with the underlying muscle characteristics independent of the physical constitution. It is assumed that the fascia lata has the plasticity and changes its thickness, which likely corresponds to the morphology of the neighboring tissues and underlying muscle function.
The role and contribution of family carers accompanying community‐living older people with cognitive impairment to the emergency department: An interview study
Authors: Fry Margaret , Elliott Rosalind , Murphy Sandra , Curtis Kate 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundOlder people with cognitive impairment may have lack of understanding of their health and ability to co‐ordinate care needs. Family carers play a key role in supporting older people but the role of family carers in emergency discharge has not been explored well.ObjectiveTo explore and describe the role and contribution of family carers accompanying the older person with cognitive impairment to the emergency department.DesignA exploratory descriptive study was conducted in which telephone interviews were performed.SettingThree emergency departments located in metropolitan Sydney, Australia; two major tertiary referral centres and one district hospital. The EQUATOR research checklist (COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research) (COREQ) was used to report the qualitative study.SubjectsParticipants were family carers accompanying people aged ≥64 years with cognitive impairment; with non‐urgent triage classifications; English speaking and eligible for discharge home. Semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted 2 to 4 weeks after the older person was discharged. Data were reflexively thematically analysed in NVIVO independently by three researchers.ResultsTwenty‐eight interviews were conducted. Three key themes were evident: (1) 'communicating knowledge of the older person's health status and usual behaviour'; (2) 'providing advocacy, translation, surrogacy and care co‐ordination'; and (3) 'ensuring safe transition from the emergency department to home'.ConclusionsStudy findings detailed how family carers created an important safety net while the older person was in emergency, through advocacy and the communication of vital health information. More importantly, their knowledge influenced the healthcare management of the older person and ensured safe discharge and co‐ordination of care in the community.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study identified for older persons with cognitive impairment a safe stay in the ED and transition home from hospital was supported by family carers and assisted to ensure that discharge information was understood and adhered to optimise wellbeing and prevent adverse outcomes. The findings of this study can inform discharge processes for nurses, nurse practitioners and doctors. Additionally, processes to support family carer engagement would optimise older person compliance and better inform healthcare decision‐making and choice for older peoples, family carers. The findings of the study should inform discharge processes to minimise risk of readmission, financial burden and harm.
Information Asymmetry, Mispricing, and Security Issuance
Authors: LEE JIYOON 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTI examine the effects of information asymmetry–driven mispricing on security issuance. Using predisclosure changes in purchase obligations as a proxy for information asymmetry–driven mispricing, I find that managers avoid (prefer) issuing securities when they perceive their firms to be undervalued (overvalued). The effects of information asymmetry–driven mispricing are stronger on equity issuance than debt issuance. Consequently, undervaluation (overvaluation) causes an increase (decrease) in leverage. These effects are more pronounced for firms, periods, and securities associated with greater information asymmetry. The stock‐trading patterns that managers follow suggest that their perceived mispricing is an important factor in both private and firm‐level decisions.
Volatility, Valuation Ratios, and Bubbles: An Empirical Measure of Market Sentiment
Authors: GAO CAN , MARTIN IAN W. R. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTWe define a sentiment indicator based on option prices, valuation ratios, and interest rates. The indicator can be interpreted as a lower bound on the expected growth in fundamentals that a rational investor would have to perceive to be happy to hold the market. The bound was unusually high in the late 1990s, reflecting dividend growth expectations that in our view were unreasonably optimistic. Our approach exploits two key ingredients. First, we derive a new valuation ratio decomposition that is related to the Campbell–Shiller loglinearization but that resembles the Gordon growth model more closely and has certain other advantages. Second, we introduce a volatility index that provides a lower bound on the market's expected log return.
Capacity of Japanese institutions to manage obstetrical disseminated intravascular coagulation in 2018: A national surveillance questionnaire and retrospective cohort study
Authors: Morikawa Mamoru , Nii Masafumi , Nakabayashi Yasushi , Itakura Atsuo , Kobayashi Takao , Adachi Tomoko 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the management of obstetrical disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in Japan.MethodsWe sent a surveillance questionnaire to 2299 institutions to collect details about the deliveries they performed in 2018. We investigated differences in the management of obstetrical DIC among three types of institutions: perinatal medical centers (PMCs), general hospitals with obstetrical facilities (GHs), and maternal clinics with beds (MCs).ResultsWe received responses from 703 institutions (30.6% of the total mailed) with results of 306 799 women who gave birth in 2018. In Japan, the potential to treat postpartum hemorrhage and obstetrical DIC was high in the PMC group, moderate in the GH group, and low in the MC group. The incidence of obstetrical DIC in the PMC group (0.44%) was significantly higher than that in the GH (0.21%) and MC (0.06%) groups. The mortality of women with obstetrical DIC in PMCs (1.3%) was similar to that in GHs (0.6%) and MCs (0.0%). The percentages of PMCs that always or sometimes transfused fresh frozen plasma or fibrinogen concentrates (100% and 42.2%, respectively) were significantly higher than those in the GH (88.2% and 29.5%, respectively) and MC groups (29.4% and 5.3%, respectively). Furthermore, institutions whose internal protocols mandated that replacement therapy be always administered in women with obstetrical DIC scores of ≥8 had similar protocols to those for women with fibrinogen levels of ≤1.5 g/L.ConclusionsThe capacity to provide therapy for postpartum hemorrhage and obstetrical DIC varied widely among the three groups of institutions.
The strain rate of endometrium measured by real‐time sonoelastography as a predictive marker for pregnancy in gonadotropin stimulated intrauterine insemination cycles
Authors: Kabukçu Cihan , Çabuş Ümit , Öztekin Özer , Fenkçi Veysel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimSonoelastography is an imaging technique that measures tissue strain quantitatively. This study aims to investigate whether the strain rate of endometrium measured by elastography can predict pregnancy after intrauterine insemination (IUI).MethodsThis study examined 197 gonadotropin‐stimulated IUI cycles of 148 women diagnosed with unexplained infertility from February 2019 to November 2020. Endometrial thickness, pattern, and strain rate were measured by transvaginal ultrasonography immediately before the insemination. The endometrium and the parametrial tissue were selected for regions of interest, and the strain rate was calculated. The measurements were analyzed concerning the IUI outcome.ResultsOf the 197 IUI cycles, the pregnancy rate was 15.20% (n = 30), and ongoing pregnancy rate was 12.2% (n = 24). The mean strain rates were not different between pregnant and nonpregnant groups (2.68 ± 1.28 vs. 2.81 ± 1.32, p = 0.651). Strain rate was not predictive for pregnancy, shown by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis; the area under the curve was 0.526 (95% CI 0.413–0.639; p = 0.649). Pregnancy rates were significantly affected by the women's age and the inseminated sperm count. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the other parameters, including body mass index, anti‐Müllerian hormone, endometrial thickness, endometrial strain rate, and echogenic endometrial pattern, did not significantly change the odds ratio of pregnancy.ConclusionThe endometrial strain rate does not significantly affect the pregnancy rates in gonadotropin stimulated IUI cycles. It appears that strain rate does not predict IUI outcome. More research is needed to evaluate the usefulness of sonoelastography in infertility treatments.
A rare case of heterotopic pregnancy after a single embryo transfer: A case report and literature review
Authors: Hosoya Satoshi , Kasahara Yuta , Komazaki Hiromi , Kishi Hiroshi , Takano Hirokuni , Okamoto Aikou 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHeterotopic pregnancy (HP) is a rare but life‐threatening disease. We report a rare case of HP that occurred after single embryo transfer (SET) with spontaneous natural pregnancy possibly due to sexual intercourse (SI) during assisted reproductive technology treatment and reviewed previous reports. A 39‐year‐old woman at 7 weeks 5 days' gestation with anti‐sperm antibody who underwent a single frozen–thawed embryo transfer in her natural cycle presented with lower abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. She had several SIs before the day of SET. A viable intrauterine fetus and an extrauterine mass at the right adnexa were detected on transvaginal ultrasonography. An emergent laparoscopic surgery showed a swollen right fallopian tube, and right salpingectomy was performed. Unfortunately, intrauterine fetal death was diagnosed at 19 weeks' gestation. In conclusion, the possibility of HP should be considered in patients with SIs around the day of SET.
Racial/ethnic inequality in the association of allostatic load and dental caries in children
Authors: Park Leslie , Gomaa Noha , Quinonez Carlos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivesAllostatic load (AL), defined as the overtime “wear and tear” on biological systems due to stress, disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities and has been shown to associate with racial inequality in oral health in the adult population. This study aims to assess racial/ethnic inequality in AL and untreated dental caries (UD) in children, and to assess the association between allostatic load and UD, and whether it varies by race/ethnicity.MethodsData from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2001–2010) for 8–17‐year‐old children (n = 11,378) was used. AL scores were generated using cardiovascular, metabolic and immune biomarkers. Multivariable log binomial regression models adjusted for age, sex, poverty: income ratio (PIR), health insurance status and the frequency of healthcare visits, were used to assess the relationships of interest.ResultsRacial/ethnic inequality was evident in UD and AL, where Mexican American and black children exhibited more UD and a higher AL score than white. AL was associated with UD in fully adjusted models. This association was significant across all racial/ethnic groups, but was stronger in Mexican American and black children, compared to their white counterparts.ConclusionsSimilar racial inequality is evident in AL and UD that is not explained by poverty and/or behavioral factors. Racial/ethnic inequality is also evident in the association between AL and UD.
Relationship between periodontitis and microangiopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Xuexue , Wang Miaoran , Wang Xujie , Qu Hua , Zhang Rui , Gu Jiyu , Wu Yufei , Ni Tian , Tang Wei , Li Qiuyan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveWhether periodontitis increases the risk of diabetic microangiopathy remains controversial. The present meta‐analysis aims to investigate the relationship between periodontitis and diabetic microangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, and WanFang data were searched without language restrictions. The methodological quality of the studies included was assessed using Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale method, and meta‐analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the risk of periodontitis for diabetic microangiopathy among patients with type 2 diabetes.ResultsThirteen cross‐sectional studies, covering 10 570 participants, were included in the present meta‐analysis. The results demonstrated that periodontitis was associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetic microangiopathy (OR: 2.43, 95% CI: 1.65–3.56), diabetic retinopathy (OR: 4.33, 95% CI: 2.19–8.55), and diabetic nephropathy (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.07–2.85), while periodontitis was not associated with diabetic neuropathy (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.19–5.12). Subgroup analysis among the studies in Asian (OR: 3.06, 95% CI: 1.94–4.84) and North American (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.08–1.86) populations confirmed the existed association between periodontitis and type 2 diabetic microangiopathy. The relationship still existed in groups with sample size larger than 500 (OR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.34–2.34) and smaller than 500 (OR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.38–8.03). A sensitivity analysis confirmed the stability of the results by excluding moderate quality studies or removing articles one after the other.ConclusionCurrent evidences have proved that periodontitis is associated with increased risk of diabetic microangiopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This conclusion may provide useful evidence for correlated clinical researches.PROSPERO registration number CRD42021247773.