bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upaya Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Pada Pembelajaran PKN Materi Tata Urutan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Di Indonesia Melalui Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri 006 Kabun Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017
Authors: Sugito Sugito 
Published: July 2021

Di SDN 006 Kabun khususnya pembelajaran PKn dalam penyampaian materi yang dilakukan guru dengan konvensional yang membuat siswa kurang aktif dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar. Dengan demikian perlu dilakukan pembelajaran yang dapat meningkat kan aktivitas maupun hasil belajar siswa dengan menerapkan pembelajaran kooperatif model jigsaw. Pelaksanaan penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus dan pada masing-masing siklus terdiri dari 2 kali pertemuan. Subjek pelaksanaan perbaikan pembelajaran melalui penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah siswa kelas kelas V SDN006 Kabun Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017 dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 14 siswa. Validasi data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik triangulasi data Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan lembar observasi, teknik tes dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif Jigsaw terbukti dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa. Hal ini buktikan dari hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan peningkatan aktivitas belajar pada setiap siklusnya, dimana pada kondisi awal hanya ada 3 siswa atau 21,43% meningkat menjadi 8 siswa atau 57,14% dan 14 siswa atau 100% pada siklus terakhir. Penjelasan peningkatan hasil dan ketuntasan belajar juga meningkat pada setiap siklusnya dari 56,43 menjadi 65,00 dan 76,43 pada siklus kedua. Hal tersebut juga dibuktikan dengan peningkatan ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal dimana pada kondisi awal hanya terdapat 2 siswa atau 14,29% meningkat menjadi 50,00% atau 7 siswa dan 13 siswa atau 92,86% pada siklus kedua. Dari penjelasan di atas maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe jigsaw dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa kelas V SDN006 Kabun Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017 .
Penerapan Model Cooperative Learning Tipe STAD untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar PKN Siswa Kelas VI SD Negeri 016 Kunto Darussalam Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2017/ 2018
Authors: Sumarno Sumarno 
Published: July 2021

Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan di kelas VI SDN 016 Kunto Darussalamdiketahui aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa masih rendah khususnya pada pelajaran PKn. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa kelas VI DN 016 Kunto Darussalam rmelalui penerapan model CooperativeLearningtipeStudent Teams Achievement Division (STAD). Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang memiliki tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi, dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus, setiap siklus dilakukan dalam dua pertemuan. Subjek penelitian dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VI DN 016 Kunto Darussalam dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 16 siswa terdiri dari siswa laki-laki dan perempuan. Data yang diperlukan diperoleh melalui observasi, dokumentasu dan tes menggunakan soal-soal tes. Validitas data dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan teknik analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran PKn dengan menggunakan model Cooperative Learning tipe Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD), dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa. Adapun hasil rata-rata tes formatif secara individu adalah sebagai berikut : kondisi awal sebesar 65,50, siklus I adalah 74,56, siklus II adalah 83,00 dengan ketuntasan belajar dari 2 siswa atau 12,50% menjadi 62,50%, atau 10 siswa dan 93,75% atau 15 siswa pada siklus terakhir serta penilaian hasil observasi aktivitas belajar yang juga meningkat di mana pada kondisi awal sebesar 18,75% atau 3 siswa, siklus I sebesar 62,50% atau 10 siswa, meningkat menjadi 100% atau 16 siswa. Kesimpulannya adalah penerapan penerapan model cooperative learning tipe STAD dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran PKn di Kelas VI DN 016 Kunto Darussalam
Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Bermain Tipe Permainan Panah Soal untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Fisika Siswa Kelas VII Di SMP Negeri 1 Kepenuhan
Authors: Syahropi Hamid 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dan mengetahui pengaruh metode pembelajaran bermain tipe permainan panah soal untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar fisika siswa kelas di SMP Negeri 1 Kepenuhan. Penelitian ini merupakan pre-eksperimen dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain one-group pretest-postest design. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Kepenuhan sebanyak 54 siswa yang terdiri dari dua kelas. sampel yang ditetapkan adalah kelas VII B sebanyak 28 siswa yang diambil secara simple random sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa angket motivasi belajar. Hal ini ditunjukan hasil yang diperoleh dari rata-rata persentase angket awal siswa 70,75% dan pada angket akhir menjadi 75,29%. berdasarkan hasil perhitungan korelasi yang telah diperoleh bahwa nilai rhitung= 0,998 sedangkan nilai rtabel sebesar 0,374. Dengan demikian rhitung lebih besar dari pada rtabel (rhitung > rtabel). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh motivasi belajar fisika siswa setelah menggunakan metode pembelajaran bermain.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif dengan Menggunakan Handout untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Terpadu Siswa Kelas VII B SMP Negeri I Tandun Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019
Authors: SURIANI SURIANI 
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA Terpadu siswa kelas VII B SMP Negeri 1 Tandun Tahun Pembelajaran 2018/2019 dengan menggunakan Handout. Penelitian ini merupakan peneliti tindakan kelas (PTK) dengan analisis deskriptif. Pengambilan data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus 2018 sampai Oktober 2018. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII B SMP Negeri 1 Tandun yang berjumlah 32 orang siswa. Hasil analisa data yang diperoleh dari pencapaian hasil belajar kognitif siswa yang dilakukan sebanyak II siklus yang terdiri dari 3 kali pertemuan. Diperoleh data hasil belajar kognitif sebelum PTK adalah 59,69%, sesudah PTK pada siklus I 66,09% dan pada siklus II hasil 73,13% . Dari data tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa Penerapan Pembelajaran Dengan Menggunakan Handout dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.
Мyasthenia gravis complicated by comorbid pathology
Authors: Marchuk M. S. 
Published: July 2021

Acquired myasthenia gravis is a rare pathology of the spectrum of neuromuscular disorders and is characterized by the production of autoantibodies to various components of the neuromuscular synapse. The clinical picture is based on typical symptoms: dynamic ptosis, oculomotor dysfunction, diplopia, masticatory muscle weakness, pathological muscle fatigue, in case of dominance of oropharyngeal muscle weakness, patients complain of dysphagia, dysarthria, dyspnea resulting from insolvency.. This variant of the disease is the most dangerous, as it is characterized by a high risk of myasthenic crisis. In addition, the course of myasthenia gravis may be complicated by the development of comorbid pathology, which can be classified into four main groups. These include causal conditions in the development of diseases with a single mechanism of development for myasthenia gravis, such as cross‑autoimmune damage to the heart muscle. The group of complications of myasthenia includes myasthenic, cholinergic and mixed crises. Unrelated diseases are competitive, so in the elderly, myasthenia gravis is accompanied by a wide range of chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes and others. The last group that should be targeted is intercurrent diseases — acute pathologies that develop against the background of myasthenia. Infectious diseases involving the most vulnerable respiratory system are potentially dangerous in the latter group. Knowledge of these potential factors of decompensation of myasthenia gravis will predict the development and timely diagnose the pathology. Timely treatment in a life‑threatening condition can be critical, since myasthenia gravis differs significantly from other diseases of the neuromuscular system in the rate of critical decompensation and the difficulty of normalizing the patient’s severe condition.
El viaje de la vecería. Efectos transgeneracionales en la progenie de Pinus pinaster
Authors: Mallo Nevado Nerea , Zas Rafael , Rodriguez Asier 
Published: July 2021

La vecería es el fenómeno por el cual ciertas especies de árboles alternan años de fuerte producción de flores, frutos o semillas con años de poca o ninguna. Un aspecto principal es que se trata de un fenómeno poblacional causado por la floración y fructificación sincronizadas de todos o la mayor parte de los individuos de una masa forestal. La alternancia entre cosechas abundantes y otras que no tiene una gran repercusión ecológica y económica tanto en el ámbito de la agricultura como en el forestal. Desde el punto de vista ecológico, la vecería repercute de forma directa en toda la comunidad de animales que dependen directa o indirectamente de las semillas o frutos, así como en la propia dinámica reproductiva de las masas arbóreas, cuya regeneración dependerá del banco de semillas disponibles en cada momento. La transmisión de caracteres a la progenie no sólo depende de la componente genética y ambiental sino también de la componente ambiental del entorno materno (plasticidad transgeneracional). Podemos entender la vecería como un fenómeno adaptativo poblacional que afecta a las propiedades de las semillas a través de mecanismos no ligados a conflictos por los recursos.

Palabras clave: vecería, sincronismo, dinámica reproductiva, efectos maternos, plasticidad transgeneracional.

Resumo

A vecería é o fenómeno polo cal certas especies de árbores alternan anos de forte produción de flores, froitos ou sementes con anos de pouca ou ningunha. Un aspecto principal é que se trata dun fenómeno poboacional causado pola floración e frutificación sincronizadas de todos ou a maior parte dos individuos dunha masa forestal. A alternancia entre colleitas abundantes e outras que non ten unha gran repercusión ecolóxica e económica tanto no ámbito da agricultura como no forestal. Desde o punto de vista ecolóxico, a vecería repercute de forma directa en toda a comunidade de animais que dependen directa ou indirectamente das sementes ou froitos, así como na propia dinámica reprodutiva das masas arbóreas, cuxa rexeneración dependerá do banco de sementes dispoñibles en cada momento. A transmisión de caracteres á proxenie non só depende da compoñente xenética e ambiental senón tamén da compoñente ambiental da contorna materna (plasticidade transxeneracional). Podemos entender a vecería como un fenómeno adaptativo poboacional que afecta as propiedades das sementes a través de mecanismos non ligados a conflitos polos recursos.
Effect of the FDA Safety and Innovation Act on racial and gender diversity in neurosurgical device trials
Authors: Siddiqui Neha , Chiu Ryan G. , Nunna Ravi S. , Glastris Georgia , Mehta Ankit I. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
The US FDA uses evidence from clinical trials in its determination of safety and utility. However, these trials have often suffered from limited external validity and generalizability due to unrepresentative study populations with respect to clinical patient demographics. Section 907 of the FDA Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA) of 2012 attempted to address this issue by mandating the reporting of certain study demographics in new device applications. However, no study has been performed on its effectiveness in the participant diversity of neurosurgical device trials.

METHODS
The FDA premarket approval (PMA) online database was queried for all original neurosurgical device submissions from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2019. Endpoints of the study included racial and gender demographics of reported effectiveness trials, which were summated for each submission. Chi-square tests were performed on both endpoints for before and after years of FDASIA passage and implementation.

RESULTS
A total of 33 device approvals were analyzed, with 14 occurring before SIA implementation and 19 after. Most trials (96.97%) reported gender to the FDA, while 66.67% reported race and 63.64% reported ethnicity. Gender breakdown did not change significantly post-SIA (53.30% female, p = 0.884). Racial breakdown was significantly different from the 2010 US Census for all races (p < 0.001) both pre- and post-SIA. Only Native American race was significantly different in terms of representation post-SIA, increasing from 0% to 0.63% (p = 0.0187). There was no significant change in ethnicity.

CONCLUSIONS
The FDASIA, as currently written, does not appear to have had a significant impact on the racial or gender diversity of neurosurgical device clinical trial populations. This may be due to the noncompulsory nature of its guidance, or a lack of more stringent regulation on the composition of clinical trials themselves.
Should L3 be selected as the lowest instrumented vertebra in patients with Lenke type 5C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis whose lowest end vertebra is L4?
Authors: Banno Tomohiro , Yamato Yu , Oba Hiroki , Ohba Tetsuro , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Yoshida Go , Arima Hideyuki , Oe Shin , Mihara Yuki , Ushirozako Hiroki , Takahashi Jun , Haro Hirotaka , Matsuyama Yukihiro 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
L3 is most often selected as the lowest instrumented vertebra (LIV) to conserve mobile segments in fusion surgery; however, in cases with the lowest end vertebra (LEV) at L4, LIV selection as L3 could have a potential risk of correction loss and coronal decompensation. This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes depending on the LEV in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients with Lenke type 5C curves.

METHODS
Data from 49 AIS patients with Lenke type 5C curves who underwent selective thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) fusion to L3 as the LIV were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were classified according to their LEVs into L3 and L4 groups. In the L4 group, subanalysis was performed according to the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) level toward the upper end vertebra (UEV and 1 level above the UEV [UEV+1] subgroups). Radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes were compared between these groups.

RESULTS
Among 49 patients, 32 and 17 were in the L3 and L4 groups, respectively. The L4 group showed a lower TL/L curve correction rate and a higher subjacent disc angle postoperatively than the L3 group. Although no intergroup difference was observed in coronal balance (CB), the L4 group showed a significantly higher main thoracic (MT) and TL/L curve progression during the postoperative follow-up period than the L3 group. In the L4 group, the UEV+1 subgroup showed a higher absolute value of CB at 2 years than the UEV subgroup.

CONCLUSIONS
In Lenke type 5C AIS patients with posterior selective TL/L fusion to L3 as the LIV, patients with their LEVs at L4 showed postoperative MT and TL/L curve progression; however, no significant differences were observed in global alignment and clinical outcome.
Removal of instrumentation for postoperative spine infection: systematic review
Authors: Hersh Andrew , Young Robert , Pennington Zach , Ehresman Jeff , Ding Andy , Kopparapu Srujan , Cottrill Ethan , Sciubba Daniel M. , Theodore Nicholas 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
Currently, no consensus exists as to whether patients who develop infection of the surgical site after undergoing instrumented fusion should have their implants removed at the time of wound debridement. Instrumentation removal may eliminate a potential infection nidus, but removal may also destabilize the patient’s spine. The authors sought to summarize the existing evidence by systematically reviewing published studies that compare outcomes between patients undergoing wound washout and instrumentation removal with outcomes of patients undergoing wound washout alone. The primary objectives were to determine 1) whether instrumentation removal from an infected wound facilitates infection clearance and lowers morbidity, and 2) whether the chronicity of the underlying infection affects the decision to remove instrumentation.

METHODS
PRISMA guidelines were used to review the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases to identify studies that compared patients with implants removed and patients with implants retained. Outcomes of interest included mortality, rate of repeat wound washout, and loss of correction.

RESULTS
Fifteen articles were included. Of 878 patients examined in these studies, 292 (33%) had instrumentation removed. Patient populations were highly heterogeneous, and outcome data were limited. Available data suggested that rates of reoperation, pseudarthrosis, and death were higher in patients who underwent instrumentation removal at the time of initial washout. Three studies recommended that instrumentation be uniformly removed at the time of wound washout. Five studies favored retaining the original instrumentation. Six studies favored retention in early infections but removal in late infections.

CONCLUSIONS
The data on this topic remain heterogeneous and low in quality. Retention may be preferred in the setting of early infection, when the risk of underlying spine instability is still high and the risk of mature biofilm formation on the implants is low. However, late infections likely favor instrumentation removal. Higher-quality evidence from large, multicenter, prospective studies is needed to reach generalizable conclusions capable of guiding clinical practice.
Current applications and safety profile of laser interstitial thermal therapy in the pediatric population: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Zeller Sabrina , Kaye Joel , Jumah Fareed , Mantri Shilpa S. , Mir Jamshaid , Raju Bharath , Danish Shabbar F. 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) provides a minimally invasive alternative to open brain surgery, making it a powerful neurosurgical tool especially in pediatric patients. This systematic review aimed to highlight the indications and complications of LITT in the pediatric population.

METHODS
In line with the PRISMA guidelines, the authors conducted a systematic review to summarize the current applications and safety profiles of LITT in pediatrics. PubMed and Embase were searched for studies that reported the outcomes of LITT in patients < 21 years of age. Retrospective studies, case series, and case reports were included. Two authors independently screened the articles by title and abstract followed by full text. Relevant variables were extracted from studies that met final eligibility, and results were pooled using descriptive statistics.

RESULTS
The selection process captured 303 pediatric LITT procedures across 35 studies. Males comprised approximately 60% of the aggregate sample, with a mean age of 10.5 years (range 0.5–21 years). The LITT technologies used included Visualase (89%), NeuroBlate (9%), and Multilase 2100 (2%). The most common indication was treatment of seizures (86%), followed by brain tumors (16%). The mean follow-up duration was 15.6 months (range 1.3–48 months). The overall complication rate was 15.8%, which comprised transient neurological deficits, cognitive and electrolyte disturbances, hemorrhage, edema, and hydrocephalus. No deaths were reported.

CONCLUSIONS
As of now, LITT’s most common applications in pediatrics are focused on treating medically refractory epilepsy and brain tumors that can be difficult to resect. The safety of LITT can provide an attractive alternative to open brain surgery in the pediatric population.
Surgical outcomes in children with bottom-of-sulcus dysplasia and drug-resistant epilepsy: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Jain Puneet , Ochi Ayako , McInnis Carter , Otsubo Hiroshi , Snead O. Carter , Ibrahim George M. , Donner Elizabeth , Widjaja Elysa 
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE
Bottom-of-sulcus dysplasia (BOSD) is challenging to identify radiologically. The aim of this study was to explore seizure outcomes after resective surgery or MR-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) in children with BOSD.

METHODS
Children with radiologically defined BOSD who underwent resective surgery or MRgLITT, with at least 1 year of follow-up were included. Clinical, radiological, neurophysiological, and histological data were extracted from medical records. Invasive video EEG (IVEEG) was used to evaluate the ictal onset zone or motor/language mapping, wherever appropriate. Histology of MRI-visible BOSD, including the overlying and adjacent cortex, was also evaluated.

RESULTS
Forty-one children with BOSD underwent surgical treatment. The lesion was initially overlooked on MRI in 20 patients (48.8%). Of 34 patients who underwent IVEEG and who had available ictal data, the ictal onset zone extended beyond the MRI-visible BOSD in 23 patients (67.6%). Surgical treatment included lesionectomy (24 patients), extended lesionectomy (12 patients), lobectomy (1 patient), and ablation of BOSD (4 patients). The pathology in 37 patients who underwent resection showed focal cortical dysplasia type IIB and type IIA in 21 (53.8%) and 16 patients (41%), respectively. Seizure freedom was achieved in 32 patients (78.1%) after a mean follow-up of 4.3 years.

CONCLUSIONS
Seizure outcomes after resective surgery or MRgLITT in children with BOSD were generally favorable. The authors found that the neurophysiological abnormality and pathology often extended beyond the MRI-visible BOSD.
Master’s Art Photo Project “Ukrainian Renaissance”. Part 2: “Mavka Ofeliia”
Authors: Kotliar Svitlana , Zaspa Iryna 
Published: July 2021

The author’s message for this Master’s photo art project consisted of creating a photographic work inspired by the Renaissance and Ukrainian traditions, folklore. A harmonious combination of the Renaissance heritage with the Ukrainian historical and cultural heritage, the disclosure of the concept of “renaissance” in two contexts. The Renaissance heritage is studied as world history and art era. The Ukrainian historical and cultural heritage analysis aims at reviving Ukrainian authenticity and its learning and implementation in a modern interpretation. Since the project’s author is fond of modelling and has participated in the organisation of different shootings for more than five years, and is also the Bachelor of Fine Arts in Art and Visual Culture, it was decided to create a photo art project, where she would be a model and ideological organiser and draw parallels with the help of Fine Art. In this project, the Renaissance features are reflected through associative connections with famous paintings of artists in a new Ukrainian interpretation. The second concept of “renaissance” has the meaning of reviving Ukrainian values, customs, traditions through the symbolic image of a Ukrainian girl who appears in the photos of a photo art project in various roles.
The series of works consists of portrait images of a girl following the theme of the project. In total, there are five series in the project.