bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets, and aluminum trihydride on the thermal stability of epoxy composites
Authors: B. M. Madhu , Rashmi  , R. R. N. Sailaja , J Sundara Rajan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlass fiber reinforced epoxy matrix is modified with a hybrid combination of fillers, and composites were fabricated using the advanced pultrusion technique. The focus of the investigation was to comprehensively understand the synergy between the carbon nanofillers and the role of aluminum trihydride on the thermal characteristics. A ratio of 2 wt% of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and 3 wt% of graphene is established by prior optimization technique for improved thermal properties. Using X‐ray diffraction analysis, the presence of the two carbon fillers was confirmed. Aluminum trihydrate was incorporated in the epoxy matrix with the objective of improving the thermal properties. By thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, assessment of the thermal properties of the composites has been undertaken. The use of the two carbon fillers leads to enhancement of the thermal properties and contrary to expectations, the composites with hybrid fillers undergo minimal degradation due to pyrolysis. Uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles and good interfacial bonding of fillers with the epoxy are observed to be critical for the enhancement of thermal properties. The ratio of the two carbon fillers used helps in their preferential alignment and hence significant improvements in thermal properties are observed. Glass transition temperature reveals a 13°C increase increases due to the inclusion of carbon nanofillers and aluminum trihydride.
Understanding the intergroup relations of migrants in China
Authors: Xu Mengran , Wu Fulong , Li Zhigang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe existing integration literature in the Chinese context has mostly focused on migrants' relations with receiving contexts, such as place attachment and settlement intention. Few attempts have been made to investigate migrants' relations with local residents, a better indicator of migrants' integration. Based on the 2014 China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this study scrutinises how environmental factors and individual factors affect migrants' intergroup relations in China. The analysis shows that migrants who live in more migrant‐concentrated neighbourhoods and who stay in more developed cities with a higher presence of migrants tend to suffer from worse intergroup relations. This implies that no matter at which level the migrant concentration exists, it can hinder migrants' intergroup relations. Moreover, both higher socioeconomic status and acculturation can significantly improve migrants' intergroup relations, indicating that acculturation also plays an important role in the relatively homogeneous society.
Determinants and health implications of individuals' activity space experiences
Authors: Lei Lei , Yang Tse‐Chuan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrevious research on the health impact of activity space assumed that individuals conduct daily activities outside residential neighborhoods. Little is known about whether and for whom this assumption holds, let alone whether neighborhood effects vary by individual activity space experiences. Using data in the Philadelphia metropolitan area, we identify four types of activity space experiences—individuals with extended activity space, confined activity space, no activity space, and unidentified activity space—and analyze the determinants of them. We then investigate how activity space experiences alter the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and self‐rated health. The findings suggest that (1) approximately 15% of respondents do not have activity space, (2) individual characteristics, such as gender, age, race, and poverty status, are associated with activity space experiences, and (3) for middle‐aged (35–64) and older adults (65+), neighborhood social capital matters less for the health of people with no activity space than for those with extended activity space.
Time, temporality, and (im)mobility: Unpacking the temporal experiences among Chinese international students during the COVID‐19
Authors: Wang Bingyu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFrom the perspective of migrant times/temporalities, this paper focuses on the temporal experiences among Chinese international students (CIS) who planned to enrol overseas in 2020 but instead chose to stay in China due to the COVID‐19. Specifically, it adopts 'sticky and suspended times' and 'asynchronous and precarious times' to investigate how they encounter a set of temporal disruptions at both everyday and life course levels while staying put in China. Particularly, the paper asks how CIS exercises agency to navigate through temporal dissonances and enhance their immobile state and capital accumulation. Critically, the paper develops a temporally sensitive framework to unpack the multiple kinds of temporalities CIS confront during the pandemic, further advancing studies on 'international student mobility' and 'time in migration'. Additionally, existing studies have largely focused on how time shapes people's mobility and this paper provides an empirical case on the potential of the temporal approach to understanding immobilities.
Pulmonary hypertension is associated with an increased incidence of cancer diagnoses
Authors: Roderburg Christoph , Loosen Sven H. , Hippe Hans‐Joerg , Luedde Tom , Kostev Karel , Luedde Mark 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex disease with increasing global incidence that eventually leads to right ventricular failure and is associated with a poor prognosis. The importance of noncardiac comorbidities in disease progression and prognosis has gained increasing recognition in recent years. In the present study, we investigated a potential association between PH and cancer in an outpatient cohort in Germany. Using the IQVIA Disease Analyzer database, we identified a total of 11,109 patients with PH and a propensity score matched cohort of equal size without PH who received medical treatment between 2005 and 2019. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the potential association between PH and cancer. Within the 10‐year observation period, the incidence of cancer was significantly higher in PH patients than non‐PH patients (23.2% vs. 8.5%, log‐rank p < 0.001). Importantly, this association was observed for both male (HR = 1.24, p = 0.002) and female (HR = 1.37, p < 0.001) patients, and was most pronounced in patients >80 years (HR = 1.50, p <  0.001). In terms of a specific tumor site, we found a significant association for respiratory organ cancer (HR = 1.60, p = 0.007) and skin cancer (HR = 1.48, p < 0.001). Our study provides strong evidence that PH is associated with an increased incidence of cancer. This finding should help raise awareness of this important comorbidity and could trigger specific screening programs in patients with PH.
Fecal matter transplant from Ace2 overexpressing mice counteracts chronic hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Oliveira Aline C. , Yang Tao , Li Jing , Sharma Ravindra K. , Karas Marianthi K. , Bryant Andrew J. , de Kloet Annette D. , Krause Eric G. , Joe Bina , Richards Elaine M. , Raizada Mohan K. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent evidence suggests pulmonary hypertension (PH), a disease of the pulmonary vasculature actually has multiorgan pathophysiology and perhaps etiology. Herein, we demonstrated that fecal matter transplantation from angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 overexpressing mice counteracted the effects of chronic hypoxia to prevent pulmonary hypertension, neuroinflammation, and gut dysbiosis in wild type recipients.
Real‐world dosing characteristics and utilization of parenteral treprostinil in the outpatient setting
Authors: Balasubramanian Vijay P. , Safdar Zeenat , Sketch Margaret R. , Broderick Meredith , Nelsen Andrew C. , Lee Dasom , Melendres‐Groves Lana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReal‐world dosing and titration of parenteral (subcutaneous, SC; intravenous, IV) prostacyclin, a mainstay of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) treatment, is not always consistent with prescribing information or randomized trials and has yet to be adequately characterized. The current study describes real‐world outpatient dosing and titration patterns over time, in PAH patients initiated on SC or IV treprostinil. A longitudinal, cross‐sectional analysis of medication shipment records from US specialty pharmacy services between 2009 and 2018 was conducted to determine dosing and titration patterns of SC or IV treprostinil in the outpatient setting beginning with the patient's first shipment. The sample for analysis included shipment records for 2647 patients (IV = 1040, SC = 1607). Although more patients were started on SC treprostinil than IV, median initial outpatient IV treprostinil dose (11 ng/kg/min at month on therapy one [MOT1]) was consistently and statistically significantly higher than initial outpatient SC dose (7.5 ng/kg/min at MOT1; p < 0.01). However, the SC treprostinil dose acceleration rate (DAR) was more aggressive from MOT1 to MOT6, MOT12, and MOT24, leading to a higher dose achieved at later timepoints. All between‐group DAR differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). This study provides evidence that real‐world prescribing patterns of parenteral treprostinil in the outpatient setting differs from dosing described in pivotal trials, with important differences between SC and IV administration. Although initial outpatient IV treprostinil dosing was higher, SC titration was accelerated more aggressively and a higher dose was achieved by MOT3 suggesting that factors specific to SC administration (e.g., site pain) may not limit dosing and titration as previously thought.
Elective lower limb orthopedic arthroplasty surgery in patients with pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Wardle Mikaela , Nair Amanda , Saunders Sarah , Armstrong Iain , Charalampopoulos Athanasios , Elliot Charlie , Hameed Abdul , Hamilton Neil , Harrington John , Keen Carol , Lewis Robert , Sabroe Ian , Thompson A. A. Roger , Kerry Robert M. , Condliffe Robin , Kiely David G. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPatients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (PH) are at increased risk when undergoing anesthesia and major surgery. Data on outcomes for elective orthopedic surgery in patients with PH are limited. A patient pathway was established to provide access to elective lower limb arthroplasty. This included assessment of orthopedic needs, fitness for anesthesia, preoperative optimization, and intra‐ and postoperative management. Patient data were retrospectively retrieved using patient's hospital records. Between 2012 and 2020, 29 operations (21 total hip replacements [THRs], 7 total knee replacements [TKRs], 1 total hip revision) were performed in 25 patients (mean age: 67 years). Perioperatively, 72% were treated with low‐dose intravenous prostanoid. All had arterial lines, and central access and perioperative lithium dilution cardiac output monitoring was used in 86% of cases. Four patients underwent GA, 21 spinal anesthesia, and 4 CSE anesthesia. Supplemental nerve blocks were performed in all patients undergoing general, and 12 of 21 undergoing spinal anesthesia. All were managed in high dependency postoperatively. Hospital length of stay and complication rates were higher than reported in non‐PH patients. Perioperative complications included hypotension requiring vasopressors (n = 10), blood transfusion (n = 7), nonorthopedic infection (n = 4), and decompensated right heart failure (n = 1). There was no associated mortality. All implants were functioning well at 6 weeks and subsequent follow‐up. EmPHasis‐10 quality of score decreased by 5.5 (±2.1) (p = 0.04). A dedicated multiprofessional pathway can be used to safely select and manage patients with PH through elective lower limb arthroplasty.
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on improvement of degraded landscape soil in an ionized rare earth mining area, subtropical China
Authors: Li Jinmiao , Wang Qiong , Wang Yu , Zhang Qin , Luo Jie , Jiang Xueru , Liu Wei , Zhao Xiaomin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe disordered mining of ion‐type rare soil has caused significant ecological and environmental problems. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote soil quality, providing new ideas about the ecological restoration of degraded soil. In this study, the degraded ion‐type rare earth tailing soils in Xinfeng County, southern Jiangxi Province, was used as a research object. The soil was subjected to different restoration methods (biochar + fly ash + surface vegetation planting) for 2 yr. A total of six treatments were set up in this experiment, and the phospholipid fatty acid method was used to determine the microbial community structure and biomass of the rhizosphere soil of navel oranges [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] treated with different amounts of biochar (0, 1, and 5%) plus surface mulching (Trifolium repens L.) or soil without plants. Additionally, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of single and double inoculation of AMF (Septoglomus viscosum and Claroideoglomus claroideum) on plant growth and soil improvement under various P levels (0 and 50 mg kg–1) in ion‐type rare soil. The results showed that the microbial biomass (fungi, Gram‐positive bacteria, Gram‐negative bacteria, actinomycetes, AMF, and protozoa) when T. repens was present was noticeably higher than that when T. repens was not present. In particular, the biomass of the AMF under the T. repens treatment with 5% biochar (1.28 nmol g–1) was 34.38% higher than that under the 5% biochar treatment without plants (p < .05). Furthermore, the pot experiments showed that AMF inoculation significantly increased the plant biomass, single AMF inoculation significantly increased soil P in the absence of basal P, and double inoculation significantly increased the glomalin (a component of soil organic matter) content. Our findings indicated that the soil microbial biomass was greatly affected by planting T. repens and adding biological modifiers. These composite remediation methods could provide an increasing number of C sources for the soil microbial community and could effectively improve soil quality and plant growth.
Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Amino Acids Bearing a 3‐Alkyloxindole Structural Motif
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Ping , Liu Yong‐Liang , Wei Jie , Chen Ling‐Yan , Li Ya 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe report a diastereoselective Mannich‐type reaction of 3‐alkyloxindole with N‐tert‐butanesulfinyl imino ester. This method provides a concise route to α‐amino acid derivatives bearing a 3‐alkyloxindole structural motif. This protocol has the advantage of using readily accessible starting materials and is operationally simple. A plausible transition‐state mode for the observed stereoselectivity is presented.
Preparation and Properties of Ambidextrous Gelators Having Ethanolamine Moiety
Authors: Tsuge Akihiko , Koretsune Yoshihide , Araki Koji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough tremendous research investigations on organogelators and hydrogelators have been conducted, the reports about the ambidextrous gelators capable of gelating both organic solvents, especially, apolar solvents and water are very limited. In order to create efficient ambidextrous gelators it should be necessary to take a bottom‐up approach. Thus, according to molecular design the amphiphilic compounds consisting of glutamate‐based structure having two long alkyl chains and the ethanolamine moiety have been prepared. The compounds having C6 and C7 alkyl chains have been found out to work as an excellent ambidextrous capability because they can only gelate water and apolar solvents. Although the compounds having C9 and C10 alkyl chain showed no gelation in water, by introduction of an ammonium cation into these compounds ambidextrous properties were gained. Ambidextrous ability can be imparted to the compound having no ambidextrous properties by mixing with a small amount of an authentic ambidextrous gelator.
Unidirectional Diffusion Interface for Controllable Synthesis of Soluble Conjugated Copolymers without Solubilizing Alkyl Substituents
Authors: Gao Shuxi , Zhao Yifang , Pang Hao , Wu Lian , Wen Mingtong , Liao Bing 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA novel water/oil interface unidirectional diffusion system, which employed a silsesquioxane‐derived star‐shaped precursor to guide the growth of conjugated chain segments and realize the single‐phase separation of the products, was studied for the synthesis of the soluble conjugated polymers without any solubilizing alkyl substituents. In the reaction system, the precursors are arranged orderly at the interface of water/n‐butanol and provide thiophene end groups for oxidation polymerization. The polymer layer can effectively inhibit the direct contact between the reaction monomer and oxidant, thus preventing uncontrollable homopolymerization. The results show that increasing the length of flexible chain in the precursor helps to increase the reaction time and thus the length of conjugated chain segment in product. The reaction rate and unidirectional diffusion rate of the product affect the rate of material exchange between precursors and products at the interface, which are exchanged in the form of micelles.
Oxygen‐Deficient BiOCl Combined with L‐Buthionine‐Sulfoximine Synergistically Suppresses Tumor Growth through Enhanced Singlet Oxygen Generation under Ultrasound Irradiation
Authors: Wang Hui , Yang Weitao , Bian Kexin , Zeng Weiwei , Jin Xiao , Ouyang Ruizhuo , Xu Yan , Dai Chenyu , Zhou Shuang , Zhang Bingbo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExcess generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) based on sensitizers under ultrasound (US) excitation can cause the death of tumor cells via oxidative damage, but sonosensitizers are largely unexplored. Herein, oxygen‐deficient black BiOCl (B‐BiOCl) nanoplates (NPs) are reported, with post‐treatment on conventional BiOCl by simple UV excitation, showing stronger singlet oxygen (1O2) generation than commercial TiO2 nanoparticles and their derivatives under US irradiation. Moreover, L‐buthionine‐sulfoximine (BSO), a GSH biosynthesis inhibitor, is incorporated into B‐BiOCl NPs. The authors find that BSO can be released owing to the degradation of B‐BiOCl NPs in the presence of acid and GSH, which are overexpressed in tumors. The results show that BSO/B‐BiOCl‐PEG NPs have a multifunctional synergistic effect on improving ROS production. In particular, BiOCl has remarkable near‐infrared light absorption after UV treatment and is good for photoacoustic imaging that can guide subsequent sonodynamic therapy. This work shows that just with a simple oxygen deficiency treatment, strong 1O2 generation can be provided to a conventional material under US irradiation and, interestingly, this effect can be amplified by using a small inhibitor BSO, and this is clearly demonstrated in cell and mice experiments.
Engineering Bacteria and Bionic Bacterial Derivatives with Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Yin Ting , Diao Zhenying , Blum Nicholas Thomas , Qiu Long , Ma Aiqing , Huang Peng 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNatural bacteria are interesting subjects for cancer treatments owing to their unique autonomy‐driven and hypoxic target properties. Genetically modified bacteria (such as bacteria with msbB gene and aroA gene modifications) can effectively cross sophisticated physiological barriers and transport antitumor agents into deep tumor tissues, and they have good biosafety. Additionally, bacteria can secrete cytokines (such as interleukin‐224, interferon‐gamma [IFN‐γ], and interleukin‐1β) and activate antitumor immune responses in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in tumor inhibition. All of these characteristics can be easily utilized to develop synergistic antitumor strategies by combining bacteria‐based agents with other therapeutic approaches. Herein, representative studies of bacteria‐instructed multimodal synergistic cancer therapy are introduced (e.g., photothermal therapy, chemoimmunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and photocontrolled bacterial metabolite therapy), and their key advantages are systematically expounded. The current challenges and future prospects in advancing the development of bacteria‐based micro/nanomedicines in the field of synthetic biology research are also emphasized, which will hopefully promote the development of related bacteria‐based cancer therapies.
Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 from humans to a 16‐year‐old domestic cat with comorbidities in Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Tewari Deepanker , Boger Lore , Brady Steven , Livengood Julia , Killian Mary Lea , Nair Meera Surendran , Thirumalapura Nagaraja , Kuchipudi Suresh V. , Zellers Corey , Schroder Betsy , Torchetti Mia , Carpenter Ann , Kunkel Amber , Brightbill Kevin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), besides causing human infection, has been shown to naturally infect several susceptible animal species including large cats (tigers, lions, pumas, spotted leopards), dogs, cats, ferrets, gorillas and minks. Cats and minks are continuing to be the most reported species with SARS‐CoV‐2 infections among animals but it needs to be investigated further.Methods and ResultsWe report the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 from a domestic cat that exhibited respiratory disease after being exposed to SARS‐CoV‐2 virus from humans in the same household. SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was detected in two oropharyngeal swabs collected at two time points, 11 days apart; the first, when the cat was reported to be sick and the second, before euthanasia due to poor prognosis. The viral nucleic acid detected at two time points showed no genomic variation and resembled the clade GH circulating in humans in the United States. Clinical and pathological findings noted in this 16‐year‐old cat were consistent with respiratory and cardiac insufficiency.ConclusionsSARS‐CoV‐2 viral infection was likely an incidental clinical finding, as the virus was not detected in fixed lungs, heart, or kidney tissues. Only fresh lung tissue collected at necropsy showed the presence of viral nucleic acid, albeit at a very low level. Further research is needed to clarify the clinical course of SARS‐CoV‐2 in companion animals of advanced age and underlying cardiac disease.