bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triptolide Alleviates Murine Arthritis by Inhibiting Osteoclast Differentiation via TRAF6/MAPKs/NFATc1&nbsp;Signaling Pathway
Authors: Jiang Baoping , Liu Tianyang , Han Jing , Shen Meiyu , Zhou Xueping , Zhou Lingling 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Bone erosion is an important problem in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The role of osteoclast in bone resorption is critical in RA, and intervention of osteoclast differentiation can improve bone destruction. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TW) can improve the symptoms of RA. The effect of triptolide (TP), which is a purified component of TW, on bone destruction in RA and its mechanism remain unclear. Methods: We investigated the effect of TP on osteoclast differentiation using a co-culture system of synovial fibroblasts and monocytes from adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. We also investigated the effect of TP on murine collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).Results: The results showed that a certain dose of TP inhibited the differentiation of osteoclast, and reduced the levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-34, macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), receptor activator for nuclear factor-κ B Ligand (RANKL), and osteopontin (OPN) in the co-culture supernatant of synovial fibroblasts and monocytes. Furthermore, a certain dose of TP reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) in osteoclast. Meanwhile, TP reduced the symptoms of arthritis and bone destruction in CIA. Conclusion: Our results suggest that TP can improve the bone destruction of murine arthritis, and the mechanism is related to the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation via TRAF6/MAPKs/NFATc1 signaling pathway.
Oxidative Stress Reducing Osteogenesis Reversed by Curcumin via NF-κB&nbsp;Signaling and Had a Role in Anti-Osteoporosis
Authors: JiaQiang Xu , Gao Ran , Liang Wen , Wu ChangJian , Li FangLing , Huang Sheng , Zhang Bing , Qi QiHua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: Curcumin has good anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, and whether it can resist osteoporosis through oxidative stress pathway in a dose-dependent manner.Method: we used an oxidative stress cell model by culture cells with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), cells were osteogenic differentiation after treated with H2O2，different concentration curcumin were added during differentiation, then measured the early and late osteogenic index, and detected the potential signaling pathway involved. In addition, we employed rat OVX model treated with curcumin to confirm the protection of the anti-oxidant.Result: Low concentrations of curcumin (1-10μM) promoted the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, improved alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, elevated calcium content against oxidative stress induced by H2O2, but high concentration (20 μM) failed, moreover, curcumin diminished supernatant receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and IL-6 expression, inhibited the intracellular ROS triggered by H2O2, Notably, curcumin exerted protection by blocking the NF-κB signaling pathway. The curcumin administered for 12 weeks partially reversed the raito of blood malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) activity in ovariectomized (OVX) rat in vivo. It also increased the bone mineral density (BMD) and improved the micro-architecture of trabecular bones. Conclusion: curcumin exerted protection on osteoporosis, the effect linked to a reduction of oxidative stress and bone resorbing cytokine, This study suggests that curcumin might be a candidate for osteoporosis prevention and the low concentration exerted obviously protection.
A Prothrombotic Thrombocytopenic Disorder Resembling Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Following Coronavirus-19 Vaccination
Authors: Greinacher Andreas , Thiele Thomas , Warkentin Theodore E. , Weisser Karin , Kyrle Paul , Eichinger Sabine 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background. Vaccines are important for managing the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. However, following widespread vaccination using a recombinant adenoviral vector encoding the spike protein antigen of SARS-CoV-2 (AZD1222, AstraZeneca), reports have emerged of some vaccine recipients developing unusual thrombotic events and thrombocytopenia. We investigated whether such patients could have a prothrombotic disorder caused by platelet-activating antibodies directed against platelet factor 4 (PF4), as is known to be caused by heparin and sometimes other environmental triggers.Methods. We summarized the clinical and laboratory features of 9 patients in Germany and Austria who developed thrombosis and thrombocytopenia events following AZD1222 vaccination. Serum from four patients was used to test for anti-PF4/heparin antibodies, both by immunoassay and by platelet activation assays performed in the presence of heparin, PF4, or both.Results. The 9 patients (8 female; median age, 36 [range, 22—49) presented with thrombosis beginning 4 to 16 days post-vaccination: 7 patients had cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), 1 had pulmonary embolism, and 1 had splanchnic vein thrombosis and CVT; 4 patients died. None had received heparin prior to symptom onset. All four patients tested strongly positive for anti-PF4/heparin antibodies by immunoassay; all 4 patients tested strongly positive in the platelet activation assay in the presence of PF4 independently of heparin. Platelet activation was inhibited by high concentrations of heparin, Fc receptor-blocking monoclonal antibody, and intravenous immunoglobulin.Conclusions. The AZD1222 vaccine is associated with development of a prothrombotic disorder that clinically resembles heparin-induced thrombocytopenia but which shows a different serological profile.
Lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic. A collective autoethnography of bioethics education
Authors: Dercon Katrien , Domaradzki1 Mateusz , Elisenberg Herman Trondal , Głos Aleksandra , Handeland Ragnhild , Popowicz Agnieszka , Piasecki Jan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic disrupted academic life worldwide, for both students and teachers." Then the next sentence stating the purpose of study is highlighting that its specifically internal medical students and bioethics teachers. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the collective adversity experienced by international medical students and bioethics teachers amidst the Covid-19 pandemic in relation to both personal and academic life. The authors wrote subjective memoirs that were analyzed using a collective autoethnography method to find similarities and inconsistencies between their experiences. The results consist of three different sections; falling apart, bouncing back and bioethics. ‘Falling apart’ explores the breakdown of daily lives during the initial stages of the pandemic, shown through subjective quotes contextualized through the authors commentary. The consensus is that the journey home and the move to remote education, were the two main perpetrators for the breakdown ‘Bounce back’ focuses on the authors’ rebirth after the initial breakdown, by acquiring new information about the virus, discovering substitute hobbies, like home workout or dancing, and the students learning to adjust their exam expectations. 'Bioethics’ is about how it was to learn and teach this subject during the pandemic, and how you can apply bioethical knowledge to better understand and cope with some of the pandemic’s moral dilemmas. The study presents how important bioethics is during a global pandemic, as well as the struggles of remote learning, from both the students’ and the professors’ point of view.
Efficacy and safety of ICIs/ICIs combined with chemotherapy vs chemotherapy in advanced gastrointestinal tract cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fan Xiuqi , Gao Qilong , Guo Lanwei , Chen Yulong , Han Yicun , Meng Wei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: To systematically access the efficacy and safety of ICIs monotherapy or ICIs combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy in advanced gastrointestinal cancers. Methods: Retrieved the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ICIs or ICIs combined with chemotherapy and chemotherapy in advanced gastrointestinal tumors included in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of sciences. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 software. The primary outcomes are overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary outcomes include objective response rate (ORR) and adverse events (AEs).Results: A total of 13 RCTs including 5166 patients with advanced gastrointestinal tumors were included in this meta-analyses. ICIs or ICIs combined with chemotherapy exhibited superior OS (HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.76-0.94, P=0.001) compared with chemotherapy. Subgroup analysis shows that the use of anti-PD-1 antibodies significantly benefits OS (HR:0.80, 95%CI:0.70-0.91, P=0.0009). The second-line application of ICIs or ICIs combined with chemotherapy will have more significant OS benefits than chemotherapy ( HR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.79-0.97, P=0.01). No significant difference was observed in PFS and ORR. The PFS of squamous cell carcinoma seemed to be better (HR:0.72, 95%CI:0.60-0.87, P=0.0005). No significant difference in AEs and grade≥3 AEs. But the incidence of AEs decreased when ICIs monotherapy (RR:0.81, 95%CI:0.66-0.99, P=0.04).Conclusion: For gastrointestinal malignant tumors, patients who received ICIs or ICIs combined with chemotherapy had a superior OS compared with chemotherapy, not at the cost of increased AEs, the proportion of AEs is reduced than chemotherapy while ICIs monotherapy. PFS and ORR are not significantly improved.
Estimating the ashfall distribution for a small eruption using ellipse-approximated isopach analysis: How many seeking points are required to determine a suitable axis?
Authors: Tajima Yasuhisa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A volcanic ash eruption began on March 3, 2018, and a lava flow was observed on March 6 at Shinmoedake volcano in the Kirishima Volcano Group. The small ash eruptions continued until June 27, 2018. The amounts of volcanic ashfall around Shinmoedake volcano from these eruptions were observed, and the volcanic ashfall volumes for each eruption were analyzed. However, many cases of small eruptions were insufficient observation points to determine the ashfall volumes. Therefore, the ellipse-approximated isopach (EAI) method was used. However, the EAI method requires verification seeking points to determine the angle of the calculation axis including two calculation points to perform the analysis. In this study, the ashfall amount values at some locations from one eruption on June 27, 2018 were observed, and the EAI analysis was conducted to determine the ashfall distribution using one to four seeking points. It is considered that a suitable axis requires three seeking points to determine the EAI distribution.
Effect of Pulsed Ultrasound on Plasma Morphology and Its Changing Mechanism
Authors: Zhang Huijing , Qing-Kai Fan , Fan Chenglei , Chao Chen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Arc plasma shape under pulsed and continuous ultrasound field were studied in this research using self-developed welding device which combines arc and ultrasound field coaxially. The results show that, compared with the arc of conventional tungsten inert gas welding, the shape of arc under pulsed ultrasound field relate to the pulse frequency. From 1 Hz to 20 Hz, the arc plasma expands and contracts periodically in one pulse. When more than 20 Hz, the arc plasma contracts as the pulse frequency increases. During high pulse frequency, the arc shape become steady and similar to those in continuous ultrasound field. When in 500 Hz, the contraction ratio of arc projected area under pulsed ultrasound field reaches 38 %, comparing with 30 % of the same power continuous ultrasound field, i.e., in high frequency, low power pulsed ultrasound can obtain arc control effect similar to high power continuous ultrasound, raising ultrasound energy efficiency. The mechanism of ultrasonic influence on arc is analyzed based on sound pressure and acoustic streaming.
A nomogram for clinical estimation of acute biliary pancreatitis risk among patients with gallstones
Authors: Guo Xiaoyu , Li Yilong , Lin Hui , Li Jie , Cheng Long , Huang Zijian , Lin Zhitao , Mao Ning , Wu Linfeng , Sun Bei , Wu Weidong , Wang Gang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Currently, there are no effective tools to accurately assess acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) risk in patients with gallstones. This study aimed to develop an ABP risk nomogram in patients with gallstones.Methods Data on 2102 patients with gallstones admitted to the Department of General Surgery of The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between January 6, 2009 and January 22, 2018 were retrospectively collected. Some patients were randomly divided into the training cohort (n=1470) for nomogram development; the others formed the validation cohort (n=632) to confirm the model’s performance. The chi-square test was used to optimize feature selection, and logistic regression analysis was applied to build a prediction model incorporating the selected features. The area under the curve (AUC), Hosmer-Lemeshow test, calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA) and internal validation were used to validate the model’s accuracy, calibration and clinical effectiveness.Results Predictors included sex (male), diabetes, gallbladder wall thickness ≤3 mm, gallbladder stone diameter <3 mm, coexisting CBD stone, CBD diameter ≤10 mm, AST≥53.6 U/L, GGT≥150 U/L, DBIL≥1.0 mg/dL, WBC≥10Í109, and GRAN%≥80%. The model displayed good predictive power with AUCs of 0.850 (95% CI: 0.825~0.875) and 0.844 (95% CI: 0.825~0.875) in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The DCA showed a 10-100% risk threshold. The Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curve demonstrated the accuracy and effectiveness of this model, which could be applied in clinical practice.Conclusions The ABP risk nomogram incorporating 11 features is useful to predict ABP risk in gallstone patients.
Plasmodium Falciparum Phenotypic and Genotypic Resistance Profile During the Emergence of Piperaquine Resistance From Royal Thai Army and Civilian patients in Northeastern Thailand
Authors: Boonyalai Nonlawat , Thamnurak Chatchadaporn , Sai-ngam Piyaporn , Ta-aksorn Winita , Arsanok Montri , Uthaimongkol Nichapat , Sundrakes Siratchana , Chattrakarn Sorayut , Chaisatit Chaiyaporn , Praditpol Chantida , Fagnark Watcharintorn , Kirativanich Kirakarn , Chaorattanakawee Suwanna , Vanachayangkul Pattaraporn , Lertsethtakarn Paphavee , Gosi Panita , Utainnam Darunee , Rodkvamtook Wuttikon , Kuntawunginn Worachet , Vesely Brian A. , Spring Michele D. , Fukuda Mark M. , Lanteri Charlotte , Walsh Douglas , Saunders David L. , Smith Philip L. , Wojnarski Mariusz , Sirisopana Narongrid , Waters Norman C. , Jongsakul Krisada , Gaywee Jariyanart 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Malaria remains a public health problem in Thailand, especially along its borders where highly mobile populations can contribute to persistent transmission. This study aimed to determine resistant genotypes and phenotypes of 112 Plasmodium falciparum isolates from patients along the Thai-Cambodia border during 2013-2015. The majority of parasites harbored pfmdr1-Y184F mutation. A single pfmdr1 copy number, had CVIET haplotype of amino acids 72-76 of pfcrt and no pfcytb mutations. All isolates had a pfk13 point mutation (R539T, R539I, and C580Y), and increased ring-stage survival assay (except R539I). Multiple copies of pfpm2 and pfcrt-F145I were first detected in 2014 (12.8%) and increased to 30.4% in 2015. Parasites containing either multiple pfpm2 copies with and without pfcrt-F145I or a single pfpm2 copy with pfcrt-F145I exhibited the elevated IC90 values of piperaquine. Antimalarials were detected in 21 samples (18.8%) by mass spectrometer, and 12 samples (10.7%) by bioassay. Collectively, the emergence of these resistance patterns mirrored the reports of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine treatment failures in the adjacent province of Cambodia, Oddar Meanchey, suggesting a migration of parasites across the border. As malaria elimination efforts ramp up in Southeast Asia, host nations militaries and other groups in border regions must be a focus for interventions
Dynamic spine hyperflexion is related to vertebral compression fractures in postmenopausal women
Authors: Zheng ZhiRong , Tian Tian , Liu WeiBo , Wang XiangYu , Gao Meng , You YongGang , Hu WenHao , Zhang XueSong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies on osteoporotic vertebral fractures are usually based on the neutral posture of the spine; however, the fractures are usually associated with the curvature of the spine. Therefore, we aimed to ascertain the relationship between vertebral compression fractures and thoracolumbar hyperflexion Cobb angles (TLHCobb) and determine the clinical cut-off of the TLHCobb angle.Methods: In this retrospective case-control study, TLHCobbs were collected from 154 postmenopausal women with thoracolumbar fractures (study group) and 310 postmenopausal women with lumbar instability or spondylolisthesis (control group). Demographic data, clinical data, and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) findings were compared between the groups. Chi-squared tests and unpaired t-tests were used to assess the group characteristics and proportions. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between vertebral compression fractures and TLHCobb.Results: Fracture prevalence was higher in the higher TLHCobb study group than that in the control group [OR = 2.81 (2.15–3.67)] after adjusting for age, BMI, and QCT findings. TLHCobbs at and > 20.05° were associated with an increased fracture prevalence and ORs of 2.79 (1.82–4.27) and 4.83 (3.24–7.20), respectively. TLHCobb and QCT values differed between the study and control groups (p < 0.001 for both). There were no significant differences in body mass index (BMI), disk height, or coronal TLCobb between the two groups.Conclusion: There was an association between the prevalence of vertebral compression fractures and TLHCobbs in postmenopausal women, and a TLHCobb > 20.05° can be an indicator of vertebral fracture.
Neuroprotective poly(propylene imine) dendrimers with histidine- maltose shell reduce early amyloid aggregates and fibrils in Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice
Authors: Benseny-Cases Núria , Álvarez-Marimon Elena , Aso Ester , Carmona Margarita , Klementieva Oxana , Appelhans Dietmar , Ferrer Isidre , Cladera Josep 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Amyloid plaques composed of Aβ amyloid peptides and neurofibrillary tangles are a pathological hallmark of Alzheimer Disease. In situ identification of early-stage amyloid aggregates in Alzheimer’s disease is relevant for their importance as potential targets for effective drugs. Synchrotron-based infrared imaging is here used to identify early-stage oligomeric/granular aggregated amyloid species in situ in the brain of APP/PS1 transgenic mice for the first time. Also, APP/PS1 mice show fibrillary aggregates at 6 and 12 months. A significant decreased burden of early-stage aggregates and fibrillary aggregates is obtained following treatment with poly(propylene imine) dendrimers with histidine-maltose shell (a neurodegenerative protector) in 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice, thus demonstrating their putative therapeutic properties of in AD models. Identification, localization, and characterization using infrared imaging of these non-fibrillary species in the cerebral cortex at early stages of AD progression in transgenic mice point to their relevance as putative pharmacological targets. No less important, early detection of these structures may be useful in the search for markers for non-invasive diagnostic techniques.
Experimental Study of the Effects of Hypoxia Simulator on Osteointegration of Titanium Prosthesis in Osteoporotic Rats
Authors: Liu Jiangfeng , Kang Huijun , Lu Jiangfeng , Dai Yike , Wang Fei 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Poor osseointegration is the key reason for implant failure after arthroplasty, whether in osteoporotic or normal bone conditions. To date, osseointegration remains a major challenge. Recent studies have shown that deferoxamine(DFO) can accelerate osteogenesis by activation of the hypoxia signal pathway. The purpose of this study is to test the following hypothesis: after knee replacement, intra-articular injection of DFO will promote osteogenesis and osseointegration with titanium prosthesis in the bones of osteoporotic rats.Materials and Methods: 90 female sprague-dawley rats were used for the experiment. Ovariectomy and knee arthroplasty were performed. Then, the rats were randomly divided into DFO and control group(n=40 per group). The two groups were treated by intraarticular injection of DFO and saline respectively. After 2 weeks, polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the levels of HIF-1a, VEGF and CD31. After 12 weeks, the specimens were examined by micro CT, biomechanics and histopathology to evaluate osteogenesis and osseointegration.Results: The results of PCR showed mRNA levels of VEGF and CD31 in DFO group were significantly higher than those in control group. The immunohistochemistry results indicated positive cell expressions of HIF-1a, VEGF and CD31 in DFO group were also higher. Compared to control group, the microCT parameters of BMD, BV/TV, TB.N, TB.Th were significantly higher. The maximal pull-out force and the bone-to-implant contact (BIC) value were also higher . Conclusions: The local administration of DFO which is used to activate HIF-1a signaling pathway can promote osteogenesis and osseointegration with the prosthesis in osteoporotic bone.
Estimation of the Absolute Defects in the Visual Field using OCT in Glaucoma Patients who Cannot Perform a Reliable Test.
Authors: Baybora Hakan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: To find a method to predict the visual field (VF) of glaucoma patients who cannot perform a reliable test by using RNFL thickness and VF of other glaucoma patients. Methods: Seventy eight primary open angle and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma follow-up patients were included in the study. Optic disc OCT measurements and VF analysis were obtained in the same day. Garway-Heats maps made, RNFL sectors matched with pattern deviation 24-2 VF sectors and absolute defects were counted. Regression analysis were made. Equations generated between RNFL thickness and absolute defect number. Correlation analysis were performed for the numbers of absolute defects and the findings.Results: The regression analysis was significantly linear for defect number and RNFL thickness in sectors 3, 4, and 6 (t values were 0.047, 0.04, and 0.001, respectively, p < 0.05). The analysis was nonlinear in other sectors (t values were 1.66, 0.37, 0.14, 0.88, and 0.36, respectively, for sectors 1, 2, 5, 7, and 8, p > 0.05). The linear and nonlinear equations were generated for these sectors. The correlation between the number of absolute defects of the patient and the number we found by using our formulas in VF Sectors of 1,3,4 and 8 there was a strong correlation (r=0.68, r=0.57, r=0.82 and r=0.58 respectively). In VF sectors 3,5,6 and 7 there was a weak correlation (r= 0.22, r= 0.47, r=0.32 and r=0.48 respectively).Conclusion: We think the method that we found is practical to predict the VF of a patient who can not perform it.
Manganese Sulphide Nano Rods grown inside Acacia Senegal Gum Hydrogels; A Biocompatible Nanofabrication for Enhanced Biological activities
Authors: Ullah Hidayat , Farooq Muhammad , Ihsan Junaid , Khan Muhammad Aslam , Ghani Marvi , Siddiq Mohammad , Khan Gul Shahzada 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.