bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Energetic Release During Tensile tests in Notched Specimens by means of Experimental and Numerical Techniques
Authors: Foti P , Risitano G , Berto F , Santonocito D 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Static Thermographic Method is a rapid test procedure able to predict the fatigue limit of the material evaluating the end of the thermoelastic phase during a static tensile test. In order to investigate the energetic release of the material, experimental tests have been carried out on double edge steel notched specimens. During the test, the surface temperature was monitored with an infrared camera and the true stress-strain curve of the material was retrieved. Numerical simulations have been carried out to predict the temperature evolution of the material under monotonic load. The relationship between the elasto-plastic behavior and the energetic release has been investigated comparing numerical and experimental data. The rise of irreversible plastic deformation severally affects the temperature trend introducing an additional heat amount that leads to a deviation from the linearity of the thermoelastic effect. The analysis of the temperature evolution during a static tensile test may be adopted as a novel approach to relate the local stress state with a macroscopic stress value that introduce in the material the first micro plasticization.
A novel method for the evaluation of driving simulator performances
Authors: Cianetti F , Cavallaro M , Palmieri M , Ambrogi F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The use of driving-simulator is increasing wide-spreading in the whole automotive sector. The adoption of driving simulator indeed allows evaluating the design choices directly during the design stage thought the man-machine interaction, where “man” means the driver while “machine” means the mathematical model of the car traduced to the driver thought a different machine: the driving simulator. In this research activity a questionnaire was developed to evaluate the performances of a driving simulator focusing on two main aspects. The first one regards the ability of the driving simulator to accurately reproduce the driving feelings without inducing motion sickness sensations. The second instead regards the ability of the driver to objectively judge the vehicle performances throughout a set of parameters. All these aspects were firstly numerically investigated implementing different models showing different dynamics characteristics and successively verified by experimental test at the driving simulator. The drivers scores, about both the accuracy of the mathematical model and the driving simulator, were analysed in order to understand if their feelings match the real behaviour imposed to the car.
Structural design of the optical bench and enclosure for MAORY, adaptive optics module for the ELT
Authors: Andolfo A , Belperio A , Cianniello V , Eredia C , De Caprio V , Armentani E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper outlines an overview of the mechanical design of the optical bench and the enclosure for MAORY (Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics RelaY) for the Extremely Large Telescope. MAORY will enable high-angular resolution observations in the near infrared by employing real-time compensation of the wave-front distortions due to atmospheric turbulence and other disturbances on the telescope. The main purpose of the optical bench is to provide support to the opto-mechanical mountings and subsystems that will be integrated on it. The design philosophy behind the proposed architecture is a truss spatial structure with the aim of optimizing the mass of the Main Structure. The enclosure has to protect the optomechanical elements and to achieve a uniform temperature distribution in its internal environment. The mechanical design of the bench and the enclosure was supported by a set of structural FE analyses, to verify the design compliance with ESO (European Southern Observatory) requirements.
Stress corrosion cracking behavior of welding joint of high strength steel
Authors: Sepe R , Bollino F , Caiazzo F , Berto F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, high-strength steel structures are increasingly being used in marine or soil environments, but low attention has been paid on the corrosion and stress corrosion cracking problem. In this paper, the susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of butt-welding joints of Strenx® 700 (S690QL high strength steel) both in marine and acid-polluted marine atmospheres was studied, by using slow strain rate tensile (SSRT) test. The seawater corrosion environment was considered and it was prepared following the ASTM D1141. To study the influence of the environment pH, NaOH 0,1M solutions and pure H2SO4 were used to adjust the pH of the simulated seawater solution to 8 and 4, respectively. The slow strain rate tensile tests (SSRT) with a crosshead speed of 0.000017 mm/s were carried out at room temperature (approximately 25 °C). After failure, the SCC susceptibility was evaluated acquiring the elongation loss rate and the reduction-in-area loss rate. The fracture surfaces were analyzed by SEM observation.
MEMS sensors for sport engineer applications
Authors: Russo C , Mocera F , Somà A 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this paper it is presented a brief introduction about the Micro ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) sensors technology and their application and use in healthcare and sport activity in the literature. In these two fields, our research group’s applications will then be analyzed with the support of a numerical tool able to replicate human body behavior performing a sport activity, in particular Nordic Walking and Alpine Skiing. The main goal was to obtain a comparison between the numerical and experimental results, in order to validate of the numerical tool and to better understand the sport gesture. The integrated monitoring systems enable a new interpretation of the sport gesture providing the athletes the maximum freedom of movement and allowing them to better perform in their natural training environment.
A crashworthiness optimisation procedure for the design of full-composite fuselage section
Authors: Manzo M , Perfetto D , Caputo F , Di Palma L , Chiariello A , Waimer M 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Crashworthiness of composites is a key-point in the design of new aeronautical structures. Special attention has been addressed in the last years to the energy absorption mechanisms of dedicated components in order to limit the structural damages and to preserve the occupants’ safety. Remarkable progress has been made in this field. Despite this, to further improve the design of crashworthy composite structures, components modification, sensitivity analysis, design of experiments and optimisation procedures are needed. In this work, crashworthiness improvements, related to a simplified finite element model of a full-composite fuselage section subjected to a vertical drop-test, have been introduced. The genesis of the model has been described together with its main features and details and a high-speed vertical fall has been simulated, paying attention to velocity and payload. In addition, sensitivity analyses of some components and a discussion on the main crashworthiness characteristics have been carried out. Finally, the parent fuselage section and its simplified model have been compared under both energy and deformation points of view, showing a good results agreement.
Design and validation of low-cost handling equipment for the use of Barkhausen Noise Testing in worm gears grinding burn detection
Authors: Citti P , Molinari P , Giorgetti A , Polidoro A , Pompei L , Arcidiacono G 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Worm gears in high-performance gearboxes are often exposed to extreme loads, which requires assuring high production quality. Therefore the most important final characteristics of the workpieces are provided by grinding. One of the most investigated issues of this machining method is grinding burns, who change locally the properties of the material. In many industrial applications, nital etching is used to detect grinding burn. Although it is considered a standard, new types of tests are of great interest in order to reduce costs and make online control possible. One of the Non-Destructive Testing methods is Barkhausen Noise Testing (BNT), which is utilized to assess changes in the surface layer of ferromagnetic materials, especially to monitor changes in their hardness and residual stresses. To obtain accurate measures using this technology the Barkhausen probe handling system is essential. Typically the sensor handling system is an Inline/robot component, an automated component, a semi-automated component, or a manual handling system. Considering this scenario, the use of a manual system could allow having important cost savings but has to be correctly developed to obtain reliable measures. The aim of this paper is to develop a handling equipment for the BNT probe able to assure an adequate level of accuracy and repeatability.
Experimental and numerical analysis of roll bending process of thick metal sheets
Authors: Mercuri A , Fanelli P , Giorgetti F , Rubino G , Stefanini C 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In metalworking, bending forming processes are used extensively for a wide range of applications referring to several industrial fields, such as oil&gas field, naval field or automotive field. In cylinders and truncated cones bending process, three-point roll forming of metal sheets represents a concrete option, which mainly consists of pyramid-type machines made of two lower rolls and a top roll. Each roll can be designed to work as a driven roll or as an idler and to move both vertically and horizontally during the rolling process, depending on the sheet and final product features (mechanical properties, thickness and final curvature mainly). Final products can be affected by defects, which represent a concrete problem for metalworking industries because of the further works to be done to meet customers needs; in three-point roll bending, warping defect and hourglass (or barrel) defect represent two of the most common problems. In this paper, an experimental and numerical analysis is proposed to detect defects on roll-bent thick cylinders referring to several companies experiences; the occurrence of thickness variability and circumferences variability along cylinder length and considerable differences between the internal and external length of cylinders themselves, referable to the so-called ”hourglass defect” represents a common problem in this industrial field and a major cost for metalworking companies. A Finite Element (FE) 3D model of both the roll-bending machine and the metal sheet is used to simulate the mechanical behaviour of the metal sheet during the forming process, checking for the influence of the spring-back effect and the bending moments from the rolls. Both the pre-bending and the roll bending phases have been simulated. Rolls are modelled as rigid. Both rolls and sheet have been modelled using solid elements and contact elements to take into account rolls/sheet friction. Obtained results are compared with experimental results to check the reliability of the FE model and the simulation. The model itself is then implemented with a central lower roll which serves as an idler and is placed half-way between the original ones. The updated model is then used to simulate the process again and test the central idler as an hourglass-defect solution.
A territorial round-robin experiment for the evaluation of mechanical properties of FDM PLA produced by distributed facilities
Authors: Vettori M , Bergonzi L 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mechanical characteristics of the produced materials through additive manufacturing (AM) are influenced by a multitude of parameters. In particular, Free Filament Fabrication (FFF) is one of the most adopted technologies due to low machine cost and its simplicity. In recent years, a lot of printer manufacturers emerged as well as many printer control software. This proliferation led to the development of non-standardized ways of printing, such as different machines architecture or software algorithms to control the printing process: in this way, the object produced with a combination of a printer and software is rarely directly comparable (in terms of mechanical characteristics) with the same object produced using a different combination. This work aims to investigate possible variations in material mechanical properties due to different combinations of printers and filament manufacturers: to do so, different makers in Parma area have been involved to produce specimens with their equipment maintaining the same geometry and identical printing settings.
Multiaxial cyclic plasticity model including elastic modulus variation
Authors: Barsanti M , Beghini M , Loffredo M , Macoretta G , Monelli B D , Bagattini A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present work a multiaxial model is proposed to describe the elastoplastic behaviour of a structural steel in the presence of loading-unloading cycles. The activity is a part of a more estensive research carried out in collaboration with Baker & Hughes aimed at developing an accurate model for accurately predicing residual stresses caused by autofrettage processes in thick cylinders and its experimental verification. It has been demostrated that in order to obtain estimates of the residual stress with errors within a few percent, the constitutive behavior of the material has to be reproduced very accurately. To this purpose, both the Bauschinger effect and the variation of the elastic modulus with the accumulated plastic deformation have to be accurately measured and properly included in the constitutive model.
Deterministic fatigue crack-growth simulations for a railway axle by Dual Boundary Element Method
Authors: Giannella V , Sepe R , De Michele G , Esposito R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The maintenance of railway axles requires an optimization of their inspection intervals in order to reduce costs. Such components can endure more than 30 years of service life and are subjected to scheduled Non Destructive Testing (NDT) inspections. It is therefore important to assess the influence of the severe in-service loads on the propagation of cracks in the axles. This manuscript reports deterministic fracture calculations, for the simulation of cracks propagating through a railway axle, by the Dual Boundary Element Method. Once Stress Intensity Factors along the crack front are obtained, the residual fatigue life estimates were calculated through a user made spreadsheet, taking into account the complex loading conditions of the axles. The presented results support the application of the crack propagation simulation for the determination of axle NDT intervals under different loading conditions.
CAD model update on as-built geometries with morphing technique: ITER winding pack
Authors: Pompa E , Porziani S , Groth C , Chiappa A , D’Amico G , Costa E , Sorrentino S , Ferrante E , Portone A , Semeraro L , Biancolini M E 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
CAD and CAE model update on manufactured shapes is a key process in the industry 4.0, where design, manufacturing and maintenance are integrated elements. Digital Twin models, together with Reverse Engineering (RE) techniques, allow tracking components performances during production and verifying the compliance with design requirements during the component lifetime. The need to have RE processes with a small impact on the production is driving the development of these models towards numerical techniques with fast computing performances. In this context, morphing techniques, largely deployed in the field of CAE models update, represent a valuable alternative to conventional RE techniques, because of their reduced computational time and capability to preserve the initial topology of the model. In the work presented in this paper, Radial Basis Function morphing technique has been used for the update of ITER Winding Pack CAD model on scan data acquired from the manufactured component.
Modeling flexible/curved PCBs using RBF mesh morphing
Authors: Biancolini M E , Medikonda S , Morgan K , Porziani S 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the recent past, flexible printed circuit board (PCB) electronics have seen a significant surge in many electronics products ranging from smartphone/watches that wrap around our wrists, displays that fold out as large television sets, reconfigurable electronics that conform to the roofs/trunks of cars or as flexible implants that can monitor and treat diseases. Whatever the need is, it is quite evident that the near future is bound to see a significant uptick in day-to-day usage of such electronic products and hence as a direct result there is a need for numerical modeling, simulation and analysis of PCB’s that conform to different shapes. However, given the complexity of PCB’s, numerical modeling of such structures remains a challenge and there is a need for a clear and simple methodology to accomplish this. In addition, the developed methodology should also be applicable to both the trace mapping and trace modeling techniques typically used while working with Electronic-CAD files. In this work, the RBF (Radial Basis Function) method has been presented as a capable technology that can morph the flat mesh electronic data to a curved space which can be further used for analysis purposes. Since the morphing is being directly implemented at the mesh level, a lot of obstacles and complexity typically encountered while generating curved PCB CAD files can be avoided. The RBF Morph ACT Extension has been the tool of choice in the current context. This extension was built on the modular architecture of the ANSYS Workbench and is hence deeply integrated into Mechanical which makes it easy to work with. While RBF Morph offers a wide range of morphing capabilities, a 2-step morph process which relies on an auxiliary body and 2D coordinate filtering technique has been identified as most reliable technique of choice for most curved geometries. The morph technique developed has been successfully applied to a wide range of curved structures which include solid PCBs as well.
The study of self-assembly behavior of phthalocyanine-before (PCB) molecules on Au(111) substrate
Authors: Guo Hailong , Ruan Zilin , Ren Xiang , Lu Jianchen , Yan Cuixia 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The PCB molecules have been self-assembled on Au(111) surface and the self-assembly behavior has been studied based on the first principle calculation. The results show that the PCB molecules are antiparallel phase between line and line observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Moreover, the lattice parameter are matched between the PCB molecules and the Au(111) substrate. Based on the first-principle calculation, it is found that the self-assembly behavior are affected by the molecule–substrate (MS) and molecule–molecule (MM) interactions (cyano coupling force), in which the molecule–substrate (MS) interactions is stronger than that of between the molecules. And the effect of MS interaction plays a dominate role during the PCB molecules self-assembly. This work is helpful to achieve rational design, accurate prediction, and controllable construction of assembled molecular nanostructures.
System size identification from sinusoidal probing in diffusive complex networks
Authors: Tyloo Melvyn , Delabays Robin 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
One of the most fundamental characteristic of a complex system is its size (or volume), which, in many modelling, is represented by the number of its individual components. Complex systems under investigation nowadays are typically large and/or time-varying, rendering their identification challenging. We propose here an accurate and efficient method to determine the size of (i.e., number of agents in) a complex, diffusively coupled dynamical system, that leverages the response of the system to an injected probing signal. For our method to be applicable, we rely on some assumptions on system’s characteristics, namely, on the spectrum of the coupling graph and on the basin stability of its steady state(s). Even though such assumptions imply that our method cannot be applied to any instance of diffusively coupled group of dynamical agents, we argue that it covers relevant and interesting examples. Furthermore, the simplicity of the approach and its low computational complexity renders it very interesting for the systems to which it applies.
Light Chain–Restricted Plasmacytoid Cells in Hyperplastic Germinal CentersA Clinicopathologic Investigation
Authors: Wang Xuan J , Moore Erika M , Swerdlow Steven H , Aggarwal Nidhi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Follicular hyperplasias (FHs) with light chain–restricted (LCR) plasmacytoid/plasma cells (PCs) within germinal centers (GCs) based on immunohistochemistry (IHC)/in situ hybridization (ISH) can potentially lead to diagnostic error. This study aims to better characterize such cases, including their clinical implications.

Methods
LC expression by IHC/ISH was quantitatively assessed in GCs of 17 FHs with LCRGCs. BCL2, CD10, BCL6, BCL2, immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chains, IgG4, and Epstein-Barr encoding region stains were performed. In total, 8 cases had polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based clonality studies.

Results
All cases showed FH, including 4 with progressively transformed GCs (PTGCs); 0.8% to 52% (median, 21%) of the GCs were LCR; 13 of 17 had both κ- and λ-LCRGCs, and 4 of 17 had only κ-LCRGCs; 7 of 16 had prominent intrafollicular IgG4-positive cells. One case demonstrated BCL2-positive cells in focal LCRGCs but lacked BCL2 rearrangement. B-cell monoclonality was demonstrated in 3 of 8 cases (only after microdissection). Seven patients had autoimmune disorders, and 1 had had a transplant. Three patients had a history of lymphoma, 1 developed lymphoma, and 1 developed lymphomatoid granulomatosis subsequently.

Conclusions
FHs with LCRGC by IHC/ISH are typically not associated with the development of lymphoma, even though they can express BCL2 and show monoclonality by PCR. They may be associated with increased intrafollicular IgG4-positive cells, PTGC, and autoimmunity.