bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rare case of multicentric eosinophilic granulocytic sarcoma as cause of hindlimb weakness and non‐regenerative anaemia in a minipig
Authors: Weyrich Angelika , Becker Sabrina , Vienenkötter Julia , Reiner Gerald , Herden Christiane 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA 6‐year‐old male, neutered minipig developed progressive hindlimb weakness and finally became recumbent. Clinical and laboratory examination revealed restricted hindlimb mobility and weight bearing with unimpaired reflexes and proprioception as well as marked non‐regenerative macrocytic anaemia, neutropenia and lymphocytopenia. Underlying bone marrow disease and haematopoietic neoplasia were assumed after exclusion of spinal disc herniation and infectious causes for anaemia. Despite stabilising therapy, the animal died 7 days later. Postmortem examination revealed multiple beige‐coloured nodules affecting many organs including the bone marrow and consisting of neoplastic round cells with intracytoplasmic eosinophilic granules. Using various histopathological stains and immunohistochemistry, the neoplastic cells were determined to be of eosinophil granulocyte origin. Granulocytic sarcoma is a rare form of myeloid neoplasia with only two published porcine cases. With the increasing popularity of minipigs as companion animals, extensive awareness and information concerning illnesses in these animals should be available to practitioners.
Ketofol: A ketamine‐propofol admixture for induction of anaesthesia in two foals
Authors: Sun Tsim Christopher , Bellei Maria , Robinson Alexandra , Martinez‐Taboada Fernando 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTwo foals undergoing surgery for angular limb deformities were anaesthetised using ketamine:propofol admixture (ketofol). Ketamine was used at 2 and 1 mg/kg, and propofol at 2 and 1.5 mg/kg in cases 1 and 2, respectively. Induction of general anaesthesia was smooth and occurred within 30 seconds after ketofol administration. No apnoea, nystagmus and paddling were noted. In case 1, anaesthesia was maintained with additional boluses of propofol (0.4 mg/kg) and flow‐by oxygen delivered via face mask, and in case 2 with isoflurane delivered in oxygen. The anaesthetic time was 20 and 55 minutes in cases 1 and 2, respectively. Before recovery, xylazine (0.2 mg/kg) was administered IV in case 2. Both foals stood at the first attempt approximately 10 minutes later with mild ataxia. Ketofol could be an alternative for induction of anaesthesia in foals. Further studies are warranted to understand the effects of ketofol especially in comparison to ketamine‐benzodiazepine combinations.
On 1D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 supersymmetric SYK-type models. Part I
Authors: Gates S. James , Hu Yangrui , Mak S.-N. Hazel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractProposals are made to describe 1D,$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 supersymmetrical systems that ex- tend SYK models by compactifying from 4D,$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 supersymmetric Lagrangians involving chiral, vector, and tensor supermultiplets. Quartic fermionic vertices are generated via in- tegrals over the whole superspace, while 2(q −1)-point fermionic vertices are generated via superpotentials. The coupling constants in the superfield Lagrangians are arbitrary, and can be chosen to be Gaussian random. In that case, these 1D,$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 supersymmetric SYK models would exhibit Wishart-Laguerre randomness, which share the same feature among other 1D supersymmetric SYK models in literature. One difference with 1D,$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 1 and$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 models though, is our models contain dynamical bosons, but this is consistent with other 1D,$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 4 and 2D,$$ \mathcal{N} $$N= 2 models in literature. Added conjectures on duality and possible mirror symmetry realizations in these models is noted.
Two-loop leading colour QCD helicity amplitudes for top quark pair production in the gluon fusion channel
Authors: Badger Simon , Chaubey Ekta , Hartanto Heribertus Bayu , Marzucca Robin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We present a complete set of analytic helicity amplitudes for top quark pair production via gluon fusion at two-loops in QCD. For the first time, we include corrections due to massive fermion loops which give rise to integrals over elliptic curves. We present the results of the missing master integrals needed to compute the amplitude and obtain an analytic form for the finite remainders in terms of iterated integrals using rationalised kinematics and finite field sampling. We also study the numerical evaluation of the iterated integrals.
Revisiting higher-spin gyromagnetic couplings
Authors: Marotta Raffaele , Taronna Massimo , Verma Mritunjay 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We analyze Bosonic, Heterotic, and Type II string theories compactified on a generic torus having constant moduli. By computing the hamiltonian giving the interaction between massive string excitations and U(1) gauge fields arising from the graviton and Kalb-Ramond field upon compactification, we derive a general formula for such couplings that turns out to be universal in all these theories. We also confirm our result by explicitly evaluating the relevant string three-point amplitudes. From this expression, we determine the gyromagnetic ratio g of massive string states coupled to both gauge-fields. For a generic mixed symmetry state, there is one gyromagnetic coupling associated with each row of the corresponding Young Tableau diagram. For all the states having zero Kaluza Klein or Winding charges, the value of g turns out to be 1. We also explicitly consider totally symmetric and mixed symmetry states (having two rows in the Young diagram) associated with the first Regge-trajectory and obtain their corresponding g value.
Satisfactory long-term clinical outcomes after bone marrow stimulation of osteochondral lesions of the talus
Authors: Rikken Quinten G. H. , Dahmen Jari , Stufkens Sjoerd A. S. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of arthroscopic bone marrow stimulation (BMS) for the treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) at long-term follow-up.

Methods
A literature search was conducted from the earliest record until March 2021 to identify studies published using the PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), and Cochrane Library databases. Clinical studies reporting on arthroscopic BMS for OLTs at a minimum of 8-year follow-up were included. The review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Two authors independently conducted the article selection and conducted the quality assessment using the Methodological index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS). The primary outcome was defined as clinical outcomes consisting of pain scores and patient-reported outcome measures. Secondary outcomes concerned the return to sport rate, reoperation rate, complication rate, and the rate of progression of degenerative changes within the tibiotalar joint as a measure of ankle osteoarthritis. Associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated based on the primary and secondary outcome measures.

Results
Six studies with a total of 323 ankles (310 patients) were included at a mean pooled follow-up of 13.0 (9.5–13.9) years. The mean MINORS score of the included studies was 7.7 out of 16 points (range 6–9), indicating a low to moderate quality. The mean postoperative pooled American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score was 83.8 (95% CI 83.6–84.1). 78% (95% CI 69.5–86.8) participated in sports (at any level) at final follow-up. Return to preinjury level of sports was not reported. Reoperations were performed in 6.9% (95% CI 4.1–9.7) of ankles and complications related to the BMS procedure were observed in 2% (95% CI 0.4–3.0) of ankles. Progression of degenerative changes was observed in 28% (95% CI 22.3–33.2) of ankles.

Conclusion
Long-term clinical outcomes following arthroscopic BMS can be considered satisfactory even though one in three patients show progression of degenerative changes from a radiological perspective. These findings indicate that OLTs treated with BMS may be at risk of progressing towards end-stage ankle osteoarthritis over time in light of the incremental cartilage damage cascade. The findings of this study can aid clinicians and patients with the shared decision-making process when considering the long-term outcomes of BMS.

Level of evidence
Level IV.
Calibrating receiver-type-dependent wide-lane uncalibrated phase delay biases for PPP integer ambiguity resolution
Authors: Cui Bobin , Li Pan , Wang Jungang , Ge Maorong , Schuh Harald 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWide-lane (WL) uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) is usually derived from Melbourne–Wübbena (MW) linear combination and is a prerequisite in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) precise point positioning (PPP) ambiguity resolution (AR). MW is a linear combination of pseudorange and phase, and the accuracy is limited by the larger pseudorange noise which is about one hundred times of the carrier phase noise. However, there exist inconsistent pseudorange biases which may have detrimental effect on the WL UPD estimation, and further degrade user-side ambiguity fixing. Currently, only the large part of pseudorange biases, e.g., the differential code bias (DCB), are available and corrected in PPP-AR, while the receiver-type-dependent biases have not yet been considered. Ignoring such kind of bias, which could be up to 20 cm, will cause the ambiguity fixing failure, or even worse, the incorrect ambiguity fixing. In this study, we demonstrate the receiver-type-dependent WL UPD biases and investigate their temporal and spatial stability, and further propose the method to precisely estimate these biases and apply the corrections to improve the user-side PPP-AR. Using a large data set of 1560 GNSS stations during a 30-day period, we demonstrate that the WL UPD deviations among different types of receivers can reach ± 0.3 cycles. It is also shown that such kind of deviations can be calibrated with a precision of about 0.03 cycles for all Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. On the user side, ignoring the receiver-dependent UPD deviation can cause significant positioning error up to 10 cm. By correcting the deviations, the positioning performance can be improved by up to 50%, and the fixing rate can also be improved by 10%. This study demonstrates that for the precise and reliable PPP-AR, the receiver-dependent UPD deviations cannot be ignored and have to be handled.
Quantification of bacteria by in vivo bioluminescence imaging in comparison with standard spread plate method and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR)
Authors: Briestenská Katarína , Mikušová Miriam , Tomčíková Karolína , Kostolanský František , Varečková Eva 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn vivo bioluminescence imaging (BLI) offers a unique opportunity to analyze ongoing bacterial infections qualitatively and quantitatively in intact animals over time, leading to a reduction in the number of animals needed for a study. Since accurate determination of the bacterial burden plays an essential role in microbiological research, the present study aimed to evaluate the ability to quantify bacteria by non-invasive BLI technique in comparison to standard spread plate method and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). For this purpose, BALB/c mice were intranasally infected with 1 × 105 CFU of bioluminescent Streptococcus pneumoniae A66.1. At day 1 post-infection, the presence of S. pneumoniae in lungs was demonstrated by spread plate method and RT-qPCR, but not by in vivo BLI. However, on the second day p.i., the bioluminescent signal was already detectable, and the photon flux values positively correlated with CFU counts and RT-qPCR data within days 2–6. Though in vivo BLI is valuable research tool allowing the continuous monitoring and quantification of pneumococcal infection in living mice, it should be kept in mind that early in the infection, depending on the infective dose, the bioluminescent signal may be below the detection limit.
Radiologic predictors for failure of non-operative management of complicated diverticulitis: a single-centre cohort study
Authors: Reischl Stefan , Roehl Kai Dominik , Ziegelmayer Sebastian , Friess Helmut , Makowski Marcus Richard , Wilhelm Dirk , Novotny Alexander Rudolf , Gaa Jochen , Neumann Philipp-Alexander 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeModern non-operative management of diverticulitis consists of a complex therapeutic regimen and is successful in most cases even of complicated diverticulitis. Still, a certain proportion of patients requires urgent surgery due to failure of the conservative approach. This study aims to identify predictors for failure of conservative treatment of complicated diverticulitis with the need for subsequent urgent resection during the acute episode.MethodsA single-centre retrospective cohort study was performed at our tertiary centre including cases of acute complicated diverticulitis (characterized by localized abscess formation and/or pericolic air) between 2007 and 2019 that were treated guideline-conform by multimodal conservative treatment. Radiologic characteristics of disease in CT scans upon admission were analysed by uni- and multivariable logistic regression to determine predictors for resection within 30 days after onset of the conservative therapy approach.ResultsA total of 669 cases of acute diverticulitis were identified, of which 141 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 13% (n = 19) of patients were operated within 30 days despite initial conservative management. Multivariable logistic regression identified length of inflamed bowel greater than 7 cm (p < 0.011) and abscess formations >1 cm (p < 0.001) as significant risk factors for failure of conservative treatment.ConclusionPatients with length of inflamed bowel >7 cm or abscess formation >1 cm have increased risk for failure of conservative treatment of acute episodes of diverticulitis with contained perforations with subsequent need for urgent surgery. Therefore, conservative treatment of those patients should be monitored with special caution.
Inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 and ERK1/2 impede the proliferation of receptor positive and triple-negative breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Bräutigam Karen , Kabore-Wolff Elodie , Hussain Ahmad Fawzi , Polack Stephan , Rody Achim , Hanker Lars , Köster Frank 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by an unfavorable prognosis and missing systemic therapeutic approaches beside chemotherapy. Targeting the immune checkpoint PD-1/PD-L1 showed promising results in breast cancer and especially in TNBC. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is an important driver of carcinogenesis. Here, the effect of combined PD-1/PD-L1 and ERK1/2 inhibitor treatment is investigated of cell growth and intracellular impact of breast cancer cell lines.

Methods
The IC50 values of each inhibitor and the effect of combined treatment were determined in three TNBC cell lines of different subtypes and one non-TNBC cell line. Phospho-specific antibodies were used in western blot analyses to investigate an effect on ERK1/2 activation. Expressions of immune modulatory and cell cycle-associated genes were examined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR.

Results
Both inhibitors PD-1/PD-L1 and ERK1/2 impeded the proliferation of TNBC to a higher extent than of non-TNBC. By combined treatment, cell lines were inhibited either synergistically or additively. ERK1/2 and S6 phosphorylation were reduced and expressions of c-Fos and FosL were diminished after ERK1/2 inhibitor as single and combined treatment. Between genes involved in immune modulation, IL-8 was upregulated in TNBC cells after combined treatment.

Conclusion
In conclusion, combination of PD-1/PD-L1 and ERK1/2 inhibitors showed favorable effects for a new therapy strategy, with better results in TNBC cell lines than in non-TNBC cells. The effects have to be validated in models that can reflect the interaction between immune and tumor cells like the situation in the tumor micro-environment.
Effect of Varying H2S Content on High-Temperature Corrosion of Ferritic and Austenitic Alloys in a Simulated Pyrolysis Process of Post-Consumer Plastics
Authors: Nimmervoll Manuela , Mori Gregor , Bucher Edith , Hönig Stefan , Haubner Roland 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe alloys K90941 and N08811 were tested under conditions simulating a pyrolysis process of post-consumer plastics. Impurities in the plastic feedstock like chlorine containing materials or organic components yield HCl and H2S respectively during the cracking process. The reactor material must be able to withstand these harsh corrosive conditions.In lab-scale test equipment, process conditions of the reactor zone of the pyrolysis process were simulated at temperatures of 420 °C and 580 °C for 72 h. The gas atmosphere consisted of either 200 ppm or 20000 ppm H2S and 3.8 vol% HCl, 1.9 vol% CO2, 0.3 vol% CO, 2.8 vol% H2, bal. N2. After the corrosion experiments, the samples were analyzed by metallography, SEM/EDX, and XRD. Additionally, the mass loss was evaluated. Results show that the ferritic K90941 is more aggressively attacked than the austenitic N08811 and that for both materials the mass loss rises with increasing H2S content in the gas atmosphere and increasing temperature.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting the Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundations on Rock Masses
Authors: Millán M. A. , Galindo R. , Alencar A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCalculation of the bearing capacity of shallow foundations on rock masses is usually addressed either using empirical equations, analytical solutions, or numerical models. While the empirical laws are limited to the particular conditions and local geology of the data and the application of analytical solutions is complex and limited by its simplified assumptions, numerical models offer a reliable solution for the task but require more computational effort. This research presents an artificial neural network (ANN) solution to predict the bearing capacity due to general shear failure more simply and straightforwardly, obtained from FLAC numerical calculations based on the Hoek and Brown criterion, reproducing more realistic configurations than those offered by empirical or analytical solutions. The inputs included in the proposed ANN are rock type, uniaxial compressive strength, geological strength index, foundation width, dilatancy, bidimensional or axisymmetric problem, the roughness of the foundation-rock contact, and consideration or not of the self-weight of the rock mass. The predictions from the ANN model are in very good agreement with the numerical results, proving that it can be successfully employed to provide a very accurate assessment of the bearing capacity in a simpler and more accessible way than the existing methods.
Large-scale physical modelling of static liquefaction in gentle submarine slopes
Authors: Maghsoudloo Arash , Askarinejad Amin , de Jager Richard R. , Molenkamp Frans , Hicks Michael A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPlanning a monitoring campaign for a natural submarine slope prone to static liquefaction is a challenging task due to the sudden nature of flow slides. Therefore, gaining a better insight by monitoring the changes in pore pressure and acceleration of the soil mass, prior to and at the onset of static liquefaction, of submerged model slopes in the laboratory, helps in quantifying the minimum required triggering levels and ultimately the development of effective margins of safety for this specific failure mechanism. This study presents a set of physical model tests of submarine flow slides in the large-scale GeoTank (GT) of Delft University of Technology, in which a tilting mechanism was employed to trigger static liquefaction in loosely packed sand layers. Novel sensors were developed to locally monitor the hydro-mechanical soil responses acting as precursors of the onset of instability. The measurements indicated that soil instability can initiate at overly gentle slope angles (6–10°) and generate significant excess pore water pressures that intensify the deformations to form a flow slide. Moreover, it was observed that the onset of instability and its propagation are highly dependent on the rate of shear stress change and the state of the soil. The obtained data can be used for the future validation of numerical models for submarine flow slides.
Green, blue or black, but washing–What company characteristics determine greenwashing?
Authors: Ruiz-Blanco Silvia , Romero Silvia , Fernandez-Feijoo Belen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to study what are the characteristics that make firms less or more prone to greenwashing. We collect data from sustainability disclosures of the S&P top 100 companies, to investigate the determinants of greenwashing. We use content analysis to measure the level of reporting of the companies. We define the “greenwashing” variable as the difference between what the company says it does in terms of commitment to sustainability, and what the company actually does as evaluated by external parties (Bloomberg ESG scores). Our results show that companies in environmentally sensitive industries greenwash less than their counterparts in other industries, as well as companies following the GRI guidelines. Companies that issue a sustainability report and assure it greenwash less than those that do not do it. Contrary to our intuition, companies in industries with close proximity and high visibility greenwash more than their counterparts. A limitation of the paper is the inclusion in the sample of data from one country. Our findings have implications for policy-makers, particularly in Europe, where some European states have already regulated on green issues reporting and lately on blue issues. It might be interesting to consider both the industry effect and the relevance of reporting mechanisms when developing regulation and policies in order to improve the quality of sustainability reporting. We contribute to literature by proposing a new quantitative measure to assess greenwashing practices, to better understand the effect of industry and reporting mechanisms on greenwashing.
Investigations on historical monuments’ deterioration through chemical and isotopic analyses: an Italian case study
Authors: Ricciardi Maria , Pironti Concetta , Motta Oriana , Fiorillo Rosa , Camin Federica , Faggiano Antonio , Proto Antonio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we analysed the efflorescences present in the frescos of a monumental complex named S. Pietro a Corte situated in the historic centre of Salerno (Campania, Italy). The groundwater of the historic centre is fed by two important streams (the Rafastia and the Fusandola) that can be the sources of water penetration. The aims of this work are to (i) identify the stream that reaches the ancient frigidarium of S. Pietro a Corte and (ii) characterize the efflorescences on damaged frescos in terms of chemical nature and sources. In order to accomplish the first aim, the water of the Rafastia river (7 samples) and the water of the Fusandola river (7 samples) were analysed and compared with the water of a well of the Church (7 samples). The ionic chromatography measurements on the water samples allowed us to identify the Rafastia as the river that feeds the ancient frigidarium of S. Pietro a Corte. To investigate the nature and the origin of the efflorescences (our second aim), anionic chromatography analyses, X-ray diffraction measurements, and the isotopic determination of nitrogen were performed on the efflorescences (9 samples) and the salts recovered from the well (6 samples). Results of these analyses show that efflorescences are mainly made of potassium nitrate with a δ15N value of + 9.3 ± 0.2‰. Consequently, a plausible explanation for their formation could be the permeation of sewage water on the walls of the monumental complex.