bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Video-based long-term follow up of musician’s dystonia in pianists reveals similar improvements following different treatment strategies: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Gründahl Julius , Großbach Michael , Altenmuller Eckart 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Musician’s Dystonia (MD) is characterised by impaired or complete loss of fine motor control in extensively trained movements at the instrument. In pianists, it frequently leads to involuntary flexion or extension of one or more fingers. Treatment remains challenging, although local injections with Botulinum toxin, anticholinergic medication and pedagogical retraining seem to be helpful in individual cases. Evaluation of therapies however is frequently hampered by lack of practicability, or validity. This retrospective observational study aims to assess the long-term development of MD and efficacy of therapies in keyboard players by means of a simple video-rating procedure by informed expert raters.Methods Video rating was done by 6 carefully instructed pianists, rating a total of 266 videos from 80 patients, recorded over a period of almost 20 years. These showed the affected hand playing a C-major scale as “regularly” as possible at a moderate tempo on a grand piano. Raters assessed the acoustic irregularity of scale playing and any visible movement impairment on visual analogue scales. Influence of patient-specific factors including applied treatment was estimated in a Bayesian multilevel beta regression.Results For ratings of irregularity and impairment intra-rater reliability was strong and inter-rater concordance was moderate. The average estimated improvement across all therapies was 14% in irregularity and 15% in impairment. Highest improvement rates in ratings of irregularity were found after the combined treatment with Botulinum toxin and Trihexyphenidyl (45%) as well as in retraining (29% improvement) as single therapy. In ratings of impairment the highest improvement was shown for retraining in combination with Trihexyphenidyl (36% improvement) as well as retraining as single therapy (23%).Conclusions This study provides a new perspective on the course of MD in keyboard players in a larger cohort using methods other than self-report. Video rating of scale-playing was shown to be a reliable and useful method to evaluate MD in keyboard players. Average improvement rates were different to previous studies using patient-subjective questionnaires. Treatment options showed different effects in the two rating criteria, with retraining showing the highest improvement rates in single and combined use.
Translation of a leaderless reporter is robust during exponential growth and well sustained during stress conditions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Grabowska A. D. , Andreu N. , Cortes T. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis expresses a large number of leaderless mRNA transcripts; these lack the 5’ leader region, which usually contains the Shine-Dalgarno sequence required for translation initiation in bacteria. In M. tuberculosis, transcripts encoding proteins with secondary adaptive functions are predominantly leaderless and the overall ratio of leaderless to Shine-Dalgarno transcripts significantly increases during growth arrest, suggesting that leaderless translation might be important during persistence in the host. However, whether these two types of transcripts are translated with differing efficiencies during stress conditions that induce growth arrest and during optimal growth conditions, is unclear. Here, using bioluminescent reporter strains, we detect robust leaderless translation during exponential in vitro growth and we show that leaderless translation is more stable than Shine-Dalgarno translation during adaptation to stress conditions. Upon entrance into nutrient starvation and after nitric oxide exposure, leaderless translation is significantly less affected by the stress than Shine-Dalgarno translation. Similarly, during the early stages of infection of macrophages, the levels of leaderless translation are more stable than those of Shine-Dalgarno translation. These results suggest that leaderless translation may offer an advantage in the physiology of M. tuberculosis. Identification of the molecular mechanisms underlying this translational regulation may provide insights into persistent infection.
Knowledge levels and awareness about rational antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance before and after graduation: A cross-sectional study conducted in Malatya province, Turkey
Authors: Kose Adem , Colak Cemil 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Irrational use of antibiotics may adversely affect the treatment outcomes or even lead to increased antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to evaluate the level of theoretical knowledge of rational antibiotic use and awareness about antimicrobial resistance among the senior students at a medical school and the family physicians.Methods This study was cross-sectional research and was carried out between 01 February-30 April 2019 in Malatya province. Two-hundred twenty-five senior students in the Inonu University Medical School (Group 1) and 230 actively-working family physicians in Malatya primary healthcare services who were found eligible (Group 2). Power analysis was calculated as the minimum of 240 participants when considering a proportion difference of 0.18 between the groups, a type I error of 0.05 and a type II error of 0.20. A p<0.05 value was considered to be statistically significant.Results Researchers argued that penal sanctions can be more effective by developing strict use policies to raise awareness of resistance to antimicrobials. Group 2 had higher self-confidence, and it was also concluded that they forgot their theoretical antibiotic knowledge over time, and they could not follow the current information because of the intensity of their working life. Both groups stated that post-graduation training could be used effectively for reducing antimicrobial resistance.Conclusions This study attempted to increase awareness to determine the difference in theoretical knowledge levels and behavior models of physicians before and after graduation. Sustainable antibiotic training for doctors after graduation will contribute positive effects to antimicrobial resistance and rational use of antibiotics.
The Effect of Taxpayer Religiousity, Tax Amnesty, and Tax Sanction on Taxpayer Compliance with Medium Small Micro Business Taxes (Msmes)
Authors: Prasetia Tomy 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Taxes are one of the supports for in infrastructure development. The existence of taxpayer religiosity, tax amnesty, and ta sanction is also a consideration for taxpayer compliance. infrastructure development comes from Tax Indonesian Budget funds, 70% of which comes from taxes. this study aims to prove the effect of taxpayer religiosity, ta amnesty, and ta sanction on tax compliance of MSME business actors. the type of research used is quantitative. by using multiple linear regression analysis method with three independent variables, namely taxpayer religiosity (x1), tax amnesty (x2), and tax sanctions (x3) with the dependent variable taxpayer compliance on tax MSMEs (Y). the population in this study were micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and the sample technique used was random samling. the primary data soources used were questionnaires and secondary data sources were data froom journals, books, and the internet related to these issues. the data collection tecnique is done by using a uestionnaire, interview, and documentation. data analysis used validity and reliability tests and hypothesis testing. data analyysis used the structural equation modeling method with the help of SmartPLS softare. based on the research results it can be conclued that 1) there is a significant influence of taxpayer religiosity on taxpayer comliance of Medium Small MIcro Business Taes (MSMEs) in indonesia. 2) there is a significant influence of tax amnesty on taxpayer comliance of medium small micro business taxes (MSMEs) in Indonesia. 3) there is a significant inluence of tax sanction on taxpayer comliance of Medium Small Micro Business Taxes (MSMEs) in Indonesia
Comparison of chlorhexidine impregnated dressing and standard dressing for the prevention of central-line associated blood stream infection and colonization in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Duyu Muhterem , Karakaya Zeynep , Yazici Pinar , Yavuz Senanur , Yersel Nihal Meryem , Tascilar Melike Orkide , Firat Nazim , Bozkurt Ozlem , Mocan Yasemin Caglar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG)-impregnated dressing and standard dressing with respect to their effects on the frequency of central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), catheter related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), primary bloodstream infection (BSI) and catheter colonization in critically ill pediatric patients with short-term central venous catheter.Methods: Prospective, single-center randomized controlled trial performed in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary referral hospital. The patients were randomized with respect to the type of catheter fixation they had received, either with CHG-impregnated dressing or standard dressing.Results: A total of 307 patients (151 CHG-impregnated dressing, 156 standard dressing), with 307 catheters amounting to a collective total of 4993 catheter days, were included in the study. Use of CHG impregnated dressing did not significantly decrease the incidence of CLABSI (6.36 per 1000 catheter days vs. 7.59 per 1000 catheter days; HR: 0.93, P = 0.76), CRBSI (3.82 per 1000 catheter days vs. 4.18 per 1000 catheter days; HR: 0.98, P = 0.98), primary BSI (2.54 per 1000 catheter days vs. 3.42 catheter days; HR: 0.39, P = 0.67). CHG-impregnated dressing significantly decreased the incidence of catheter colonization (3.82 per 1000 catheter days vs. 7.59 per 1000 catheter days; HR: 0.40, P = 0.04). Longer catheter time-in-place and use of blood product transfusion were found to be independently associated with CLABSI.Conclusions: The use of CHG-impregnated dressing does not significantly decrease CLABSI incidence in critically ill pediatric patients compared to standard dressing, but it is effective in reducing catheter colonization.
Real-world Evidence for Improved Outcomes with Histamine Antagonists and Aspirin in 22,560 COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Mura Cameron , Preissner Saskia , Nahles Susanne , Heiland Max , Bourne Philip , Preissner Robert 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 has spurred much interest in the therapeutic potential of repurposed drugs, such as acid-reducing drugs that act as histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA). These compounds, exemplified by famotidine (e.g., Pepcid) and ranitidine (e.g., Zantac), bind the H2R and block the histamine-triggered stimulation of signal transduction cascades. Histamine and H2RAs, on the one hand, and downstream physiological pathways, on the other hand, form a dense web of disparate pathways and signaling networks; these networks are ultimately tied to the dysregulated inflammatory cascades (cytokine storm) that underlies the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Is famotidine beneficial in treating COVID-19? This question remains unresolved, despite much recent effort: over 10 studies have examined the potential value of famotidine in COVID-19, but have found largely contradictory results. Given the conflicting reports, we have undertaken a new analysis reported herein, drawing upon a cohort of 22,560 COVID-19 patients. Using electronic health records, we statistically analyzed outcomes for treatment with the H1RAs loratadine (e.g., Claritin) and cetirizine (e.g., Zyrtec), the H2RA famotidine, the general-purpose anti-inflammatory aspirin, and a famotidine & aspirin combination. For severe cases (requiring respiratory support), we found a significantly reduced fatality risk for famotidine treatment. Notably, famotidine combined with aspirin exhibited a significant synergistic survival benefit (odds ratio of 0.55). The relative risk for death decreased by 32.5%—an immense benefit, given the more than 2.6 million COVID-19-related deaths thus far. The large, multi-center retrospective study reported here, sampling over 250,000 COVID-19 cases internationally, hopefully helps clarify the possible value of clinically-approved histamine antagonists such as famotidine. Given these findings, alongside the cost-effectiveness and mild side-effects of common over-the-counter drugs like famotidine and aspirin, we suggest that further prospective clinical trials, perhaps utilizing the aspirin combination reported here, are advisable.
Influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the Atmospheric Levels of Benzo[a]pyrene Over Europe
Authors: Jimenez-Guerrero Pedro , Ratola Nuno 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The atmospheric concentration of persistent organic pollutants (and of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs, in particular) is closely related to climate change and climatic fluctuations, which are likely to influence contaminant transport pathways and transfer processes. Predicting how climate variability alters PAHs concentrations in the atmosphere still poses an exceptional challenge. In this sense, the main objective of this contribution is to assess the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and the mean concentration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP, the most studied PAH congener) in a domain covering Europe, with an emphasis on the effect of regional-scale processes. A numerical simulation for a present climate period of 30 years was performed using a regional chemistry transport model with a 25 km spatial resolution (horizontal), higher than those commonly applied. The results show an important seasonal behaviour, with a remarkable spatial pattern of difference between the north and the south of the domain. In winter, higher BaP ground levels are found during the NAO+ phase for the Mediterranean basin, while the spatial pattern of this feature (higher BaP levels during NAO+ phases) moves northwards in summer. These results show deviations up to and sometimes over 100% in the BaP mean concentrations, but statistically significant signals (p<0.1) of lower changes (20 to 40% variations in the signal) are found for the north of the domain in winter and for the south in summer.
Initial risk perception and feeling of preparedness of primary care physicians regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium, France and Spain in February 2020
Authors: GUERRISI Caroline , Thomas Bérenger , Diez Ana Ordax , Cauteren Dieter Van , Alonso Jose Eugenio Lozano , Moreels Sarah , Falchi Alessandra , Alonso Tomàs Vega , Bonmarin Isabelle , Raude Jocelyn , Vilcu Ana-Maria , Hanslik Thomas , Debin Marion , Rossignol Louise , Colizza Vittoria , Souty Cécile , Blanchon Thierry 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The knowledge of risk perceptions in primary care could help health authorities to manage epidemics.
Methods
A European multi-center study was conducted in France, Belgium and Spain to describe the perceptions, the level of anxiety and the feeling of preparedness of primary healthcare physicians towards the COVID-19 infection at the beginning of the pandemic. The factors associated with the feeling of preparedness were studied using multivariate logistic regressions.
Results
A total of 511 physicians participated to the study. Among them, only 16.3% (n = 82) were highly anxious about the pandemic, 50.6% (n = 254) had the feeling to have a high level of information, 80.5% (n = 409) found the measures taken by the health authorities suitable to limit the spread of COVID-19, and 45.2% (n = 229) felt prepared to face the epidemic. Factors associated with feeling prepared were: being a Spanish practitioner (adjusted OR = 4.34; 95%CI [2.47; 7.80]), being a man (aOR = 2.57, 95%CI [1.69; 3.96]), finding the measures taken by authorities appropriate (aOR = 1.72, 95%CI [1.01; 3.00]) and being highly informed (aOR = 4.82, 95%CI [2.62; 9.19]).
Conclusions
Regarding the dramatic evolution of the pandemic in Europe in the weeks following the study, it appears that information available at this time and transmitted to the physicians could have given a wrong assessment of the spread and the severity of the disease. It seems essential to better integrate the primary care physicians into the information, training and protection channels. A comparison between countries could help to select the most effective measures in terms of information and communication.
Influence of Incorporation of Gallium Oxide Nanoparticles&nbsp;on the Structural and Optical Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol Polymer
Authors: Abd-Elnaiem Alaa , Hamdalla Taymour , Seleim Seleim , Hanafy T. , Aljouhani Mushari , Rashad M. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In the present work, gallium oxide nanoparticles (nGa2O3) are synthesized via the thermal microwave combustion method, while nanocomposites of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer with various concentrations of nGa2O3 (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) are prepared by the casting technique. The structural characterization of nGa2O3, PVA, and films of PVA-Ga2O3 nanocomposites are studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The HRTEM and XRD examinations showed that the prepared nGa2O3 has an average crystallite size of ~ 5.6 nm and particle size of ~ 0.9 µm. On another side, the optical transmission spectra were performed in the spectral range 250 to 2500 nm at room temperature. The refractive index, absorption coefficient, and optical bandgap (Eg) were determined using the Wemple-DiDomenico single oscillator model. It was shown that Eg slightly reduced from 3.61 to 3.55 eV with increasing the Ga2O3 content to 3 wt%, while raised again up to 3.58 eV for 5 wt% Ga2O3. Other optical characteristics such as the optical density, extinction coefficient, refractive index, optical susceptibility, thermal emissivity, optical sheet resistance for the PVA-Ga2O3 nanocomposites are investigated. The linear and nonlinear optical parameters together with their dependencies on the doping ratio reveals the qualification of PVA-Ga2O3 nanocomposites for nonlinear optical applications.
Analysis of Risk Factors for Hepatic Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Kloehn Jaspar , Brodt Grit , Ernst Jana , Gruhn Bernd 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), which is also known as veno-occlusive disease of the liver, represents a serious complication following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Our study aimed to investigate important risk factors for SOS in a pediatric population. Methods This retrospective study analyzed 105 children who underwent allogeneic HSCT at our pediatric HSCT center in Jena. The observation period was 12 years and SOS was defined by the modified pediatric Seattle criteria up to day +30 after HSCT. Results 15 out of all 105 patients developed SOS (14.3%). The median time from HSCT to SOS diagnosis was 12 days. The mortality rate of SOS was only 20.0%. In univariate analysis, we identified the significant risk factors of a patient age < 1 year (odds ratio (OR) = 7.25, p = 0.037) and a prior treatment with gemtuzumab ozogamicin (OR = 11.00, p = 0.020). In addition, some laboratory values, which were taken before HSCT, had a significant association to SOS. Ferritin > 1500 ng/mL (OR = 4.00, p = 0.033), ferritin > 2000 ng/mL (OR = 4.69, p = 0.016), ferritin > 2400 ng/mL (OR = 5.29, p = 0.005) and the international normalized ratio (INR) ≥ 1.3 (OR = 5.91, p = 0.009) showed significant results in univariate analysis. The following risk factors could be confirmed in multivariate analysis: prior treatment with gemtuzumab ozogamicin (OR = 9.24, p = 0.048), ferritin > 2400 ng/mL (OR = 5.74, p = 0.023) and INR ≥ 1.3 (OR = 8.02, p = 0.007).Conclusion Our study confirms several risk factors for hepatic SOS following allogeneic HSCT in pediatric patients. In addition, we report for the first time a significant association between high INR before HSCT and hepatic SOS, which consequently could improve the SOS risk evaluation.
Enhancing Early Engagement (E3) in Mental Health Services Training for Children's Advocacy Center's Victim Advocates: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Taylor Erin K. , Dopp Alex R. , Lounsbury Kaitlin , Thompson Yutian , Miller Michelle , Jorgensen Ashley , Silovsky Jane F. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Child maltreatment is a major public issue in the United States, yet most children affected by abuse or neglect never engage in evidence-based practices (EBP) for child mental health. Children’s Advocacy Centers (CACs’) are uniquely situated to serve as Family Navigators who connect children impacted by maltreatment to appropriate EBPs. In fact, the CAC position of Victim Advocate mirrors the Mental Health Family Navigator national initiative.Methods: We developed, implemented, and will evaluate web-based and consultative training for Victim Advocates to enhance early engagement in services (E3 training). The interactive web-based training will embed key targets of knowledge and skills related to family engagement, trauma, and EBP services. Participating CACs will be randomized to E3 webinar-based training, E3 webinar plus consultation, or delayed training. The project will test the E3 training’s impact on key mechanisms of change (e.g., knowledge, skills) to improve rates of screening, referral, and access to EBP services. The feasibility of implementing the training program, and differential impact and costs by level of training will be examined.Discussion: The overarching goal of this project is to test a training that is readily implemented through CACs and examine the mechanisms for improving early engagement and, ultimately, child and adolescent mental health outcomes. Results and cost findings will be used to plan a large-scale comprehensive, mixed-methods Hybrid Type II effectiveness-implementation and cost-effectiveness trial of Family Navigator E3 training. If outcomes are positive, considerable infrastructure exists to support the scale-up and sustainability of E3 training nationwide, by embedding the training in national CAC training protocols.Trial registration: NCT04221633Date and version identifier: March 25 2021; Vers. 1.0 (original)