bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Becoming Through Contiguity and Lines of Flight: The Four Faces of Celebrity-Proximate Assemblages
Authors: Carrington Michal J , Ozanne Julie L 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrior consumer studies examined consumers in extraordinary contexts role playing and transforming using magical thinking. This study investigates consumers becoming in everyday life using celebrities and explores the dynamic relations between consumers and social media. Individual and group interviews and mobile digital data were collected. Drawing on Deleuze and Guattari’s (1987) theory of becoming, four faces of celebrity-proximate assemblages were inductively derived to explore the range of dynamic states that can emerge at any moment. The celebrity-proximate assemblage includes the body without organization that is virtual and contiguous with diverting assemblages and forms fluid lines of flight with the possibility of disruption. The developing body is both virtual and actual and is contiguous with overlapping assemblages and actualizes tentative lines of flight for capacities to experiment in the real world. The enhanced and regimented body are also both virtual and actual. The enhanced body comingles with other assemblages and actualizes fewer expansive lines that map new capacities. The regimented body, however, is captivated by other assemblages and actualizes the fewest and most restrictive lines, which are often life diminishing. Implications for consumer research are explored for this model of becoming and the use of mobile digital data collection methods.
Transgastric repair of transfixing gastroesophageal junction gunshot wound: video case report
Authors: Vela Javier , Contreras Caterina , Varas Julián , Ottolino Pablo , Ramos Juan Pablo , Escalona Gabriel , Diaz Alfonso , Achurra Pablo , Ceroni Marco 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Managing traumatic injuries of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) is infrequent due to associated lesions of adjacent highly vascularized organs. Its anatomical localization in the upper abdomen makes the repair challenging to perform. A stable 23-year-old male was presented at the emergency department with two thorax gunshot wounds. Computed tomography revealed air in the periesophageal space and right hemopneumothorax with no injury of the major vessels. A chest tube was placed and the patient was transferred hemodynamically stable to the operating. Abdominal exploration identified injuries to the left diaphragm; liver lateral segment; 1-cm transfixing perforation of the GEJ and right diaphragmatic pillar. Primary repair of the GEJ was performed and patched with a partial fundoplication. The diaphragm was repaired and the liver bleeding controlled. Finally, drains and a feeding jejunostomy were placed. The patient had an uneventful early postoperative course and was discharged home on the 12th postoperative day.
Diverse Molecular Mechanisms Contribute to Differential Expression of Human Duplicated Genes
Authors: Shew Colin J , Carmona-Mora Paulina , Soto Daniela C , Mastoras Mira , Roberts Elizabeth , Rosas Joseph , Jagannathan Dhriti , Kaya Gulhan , O’Geen Henriette , Dennis Megan Y 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Emerging evidence links genes within human-specific segmental duplications (HSDs) to traits and diseases unique to our species. Strikingly, despite being nearly identical by sequence (&gt;98.5%), paralogous HSD genes are differentially expressed across human cell and tissue types, though the underlying mechanisms have not been examined. We compared cross-tissue mRNA levels of 75 HSD genes from 30 families between humans and chimpanzees and found expression patterns consistent with relaxed selection on or neofunctionalization of derived paralogs. In general, ancestral paralogs exhibited greatest expression conservation with chimpanzee orthologs, though exceptions suggest certain derived paralogs may retain or supplant ancestral functions. Concordantly, analysis of long-read isoform sequencing data sets from diverse human tissues and cell lines found that about half of derived paralogs exhibited globally lower expression. To understand mechanisms underlying these differences, we leveraged data from human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) and found no relationship between paralogous expression divergence and post-transcriptional regulation, sequence divergence, or copy-number variation. Considering cis-regulation, we reanalyzed ENCODE data and recovered hundreds of previously unidentified candidate CREs in HSDs. We also generated large-insert ChIP-sequencing data for active chromatin features in an LCL to better distinguish paralogous regions. Some duplicated CREs were sufficient to drive differential reporter activity, suggesting they may contribute to divergent cis-regulation of paralogous genes. This work provides evidence that cis-regulatory divergence contributes to novel expression patterns of recent gene duplicates in humans.
Electoral Revolutions: Towards a General Theory of Rapid Changes in Voter Turnout
Authors: Lioy Alberto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This article offers a novel theorisation of voter turnout by looking at electoral revolutions, i.e. large rapid changes in electoral participation. Since voting is conceptualised as a habit, turnout is generally seen as static, with its small and large variations dismissed as context-dependent. Instead, this work’s main hypothesis is that dramatic voter turnout variations follow rapid transformations in the credibility and competition of national politics. These transformations are reconstructed by following the national political process in the years preceding the electoral revolutions that took place in France (1967), Britain (2001), Honduras (2013) and Costa Rica (1998). Moving from a capacious framework, this article’s parsimonious theory shows how electoral revolutions follow the strengthening/weakening of oppositions, increasing/decreasing institutional credibility and growing/waning party system differentiation.
Exploring the Substantive Representation of Non-Humans in UK Parliamentary Business: A Legislative Functions Perspective of Animal Welfare Petitions, 2010–2019
Authors: Chaney Paul , Rees Jones Ian , Fevre Ralph 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study is concerned with the substantive representation of non-human species in parliamentary business. It applies Leston-Bandeira’s legislative functions perspective (LFP) to a data set of 2500 public petitions on animal welfare, submitted over three terms of the UK parliament. The wider significance of this work lies in: (i) underlining the utility of the LFP to petitions analysis; (ii) showing that, while few directly secure policy change, e-petitions perform valuable legislative functions including campaigning, scrutiny and policy-influencing roles, foremost of which is linkage and fostering citizen engagement in parliamentary business. And (iii) Showing how, over the past decade, public petitions have significantly contributed to the increasing salience of animal welfare in UK politics.
EyeHealer: A large-scale anterior eye segment dataset with eye structure and lesion annotations
Authors: Cai Wenjia , Xu Jie , Wang Ke , Liu Xiaohong , Xu Wenqin , Cai Huimin , Gao Yuanxu , Su Yuandong , Zhang Meixia , Zhu Jie , Zhang Charlotte L , Zhang Edward E , Wang Fangfei , Yin Yun , Lai Iat Fan , Wang Guangyu , Zhang Kang , Zheng Yingfeng 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Anterior segment eye diseases account for a significant proportion of presentations to eye clinics worldwide, including diseases associated with corneal pathologies, anterior chamber abnormalities (e.g. blood or inflammation), and lens diseases. The construction of an automatic tool for segmentation of anterior segment eye lesions would greatly improve the efficiency of clinical care. With research on artificial intelligence progressing in recent years, deep learning models have shown their superiority in image classification and segmentation. The training and evaluation of deep learning models should be based on a large amount of data annotated with expertise; however, such data are relatively scarce in the domain of medicine. Herein, the authors developed a new medical image annotation system, called EyeHealer. It is a large-scale anterior eye segment dataset with both eye structures and lesions annotated at the pixel level. Comprehensive experiments were conducted to verify its performance in disease classification and eye lesion segmentation. The results showed that semantic segmentation models outperformed medical segmentation models. This paper describes the establishment of the system for automated classification and segmentation tasks. The dataset will be made publicly available to encourage future research in this area.
Effects of Sling Exercise for Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Lin Kuan-Yin , Tsai Yi-Ju , Hsu Po-Yao , Tsai Cheng-Shin , Kuo Yi-Liang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effects of sling exercise on pain intensity, disability, and health-related quality of life in adults with neck pain.

Methods
The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), and 6 other databases were searched from inception to July 2020. The reference lists of relevant articles to identify additional trials were also screened. Randomized controlled trials were included if they investigated the effects of sling suspension therapy in patients with neck pain, including mechanical neck disorders, cervicogenic headache, and neck disorders with radicular findings. Studies were required to be published in English or Chinese. The methodological quality and levels of evidence of studies were assessed using the PEDro scale and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach, respectively. The random-effects model was used to perform meta-analyses.

Results
Eleven randomized controlled trials were included (n = 595). The mean total PEDro score was 4.64 (SD = 1.21) of 10, which indicated a fair methodological quality. The intervention groups showed significant improvements in pain intensity (SMD = −1.23; 95% CI = −1.88 to −0.58) immediately postintervention compared with the control groups. No significant effects were found for disability, cervical range of motion, and health-related quality of life. However, sensitivity analyses revealed significant short-term improvements in pain intensity, disability, and cervical range of motion and sustained effects on disability at intermediate-term follow-up.

Conclusion
Sling exercise appears to be beneficial for improvements in pain intensity (moderate- to low-level evidence) among patients with neck pain. However, no definitive conclusion could be made regarding the effect of sling exercise for neck pain due to methodological limitations and high heterogeneity in the included studies.

Impact
This review provides overall moderate- to very low-level evidence for health care professionals who may consider including sling exercise in the intervention program for patients with neck pain.
Redrawing the Map of Global Capital Flows: The Role of Cross-Border Financing and Tax Havens
Authors: Coppola Antonio , Maggiori Matteo , Neiman Brent , Schreger Jesse 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGlobal firms finance themselves through foreign subsidiaries, often shell companies in tax havens, which obscures their true economic location in official statistics. We associate the universe of traded securities issued by firms in tax havens with their issuer's ultimate parent and restate bilateral investment positions to better reflect the financial linkages connecting countries around the world. Bilateral portfolio investment from developed countries to firms in large emerging markets is dramatically larger than previously thought. The national accounts of the United States, for example, understate the U.S. position in Chinese firms by nearly $600 billion. Further, we demonstrate how offshore issuance in tax havens affects our understanding of the currency composition of external portfolio liabilities and the nature of foreign direct investment. Finally, we provide additional restatements of bilateral investment positions, including one based on the geographic distribution of sales.
Effects of Brexpiprazole Across Symptom Domains in Patients With Schizophrenia: Post Hoc Analysis of Short- and Long-Term Studies
Authors: Marder Stephen R , Meehan Stine R , Weiss Catherine , Chen Dalei , Hobart Mary , Hefting Nanco 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The successful treatment of schizophrenia entails improvement across a spectrum of symptoms. The aim of this post hoc analysis was to characterize the short- and long-term effects of brexpiprazole on Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) ‘Marder factors.’ Data were included from three 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies; a 52-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled maintenance treatment study; and two 52-week open-label extension (OLEx) studies—all in schizophrenia (DSM-IV-TR criteria). Patients receiving oral brexpiprazole were dosed at 2–4 mg/day (short-term studies) or 1–4 mg/day (long-term studies). At Week 6, least squares mean differences (LSMDs, with 95% confidence limits [CLs]) for brexpiprazole (n = 868) vs placebo (n = 517) were: Positive symptoms: −1.55 (−2.30, −0.80), P &lt; .0001, Cohen’s d effect size (ES) = 0.27; Negative symptoms: −1.12 (−1.63, −0.61), P &lt; .0001, ES = 0.29; Disorganized thought: −1.26 (−1.78, −0.74), P &lt; .0001, ES = 0.32; Uncontrolled hostility/excitement: −0.76 (−1.15, −0.37), P = .0002, ES = 0.26; Anxiety/ depression: −0.56 (−0.91, −0.22), P = .0014, ES = 0.22. At last visit of the maintenance study, LSMDs (95% CLs) for brexpiprazole (n = 96) vs placebo (n = 104) were: Positive symptoms: −3.44 (−4.99, −1.89), P &lt; .0001, ES = 0.62; Negative symptoms: −1.23 (−2.52, 0.07), P = .063, ES = 0.27; Disorganized thought: −1.69 (−2.81, −0.56), P = .0035, ES = 0.42; Uncontrolled hostility/excitement: −1.26 (−2.12, −0.39), P = .0046, ES = 0.41; Anxiety/depression: −0.72 (−1.47, 0.03), P = .061, ES = 0.27. In the OLEx studies, improvements were maintained over 58 (6 + 52) weeks of brexpiprazole treatment. In conclusion, these data suggest that brexpiprazole treats the continuum of schizophrenia symptoms, in the short- and long-term. Trial Registration: Data used in this post hoc analysis came from ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT01396421, NCT01393613, NCT01810380, NCT01668797, NCT01397786, NCT01810783.
Differential disease severity and whole-genome sequence analysis for human influenza A/H1N1pdm virus in 2015–2016 influenza season
Authors: Liu Hsuan , Gong Yu-Nong , Shaw-Saliba Kathryn , Mehoke Thomas , Evans Jared , Liu Zhen-Ying , Lewis Mitra , Sauer Lauren , Thielen Peter , Rothman Richard , Chen Kuan-Fu , Pekosz Andrew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
During the 2015–16 winter, the US experienced a relatively mild influenza season compared to Taiwan, which had a higher number of total and severe cases. While H1N1pdm viruses dominated global surveillance efforts that season, the global distribution of genetic variants and their contributions to disease severity have not been investigated. Samples collected from influenza A-positive patients by the Johns Hopkins Center of Excellence for Influenza Research and Surveillance active surveillance in the emergency rooms in Baltimore, Maryland, USA, and northern Taiwan between November 2015 and April 2016, were processed for influenza A virus whole-genome sequencing. In Baltimore, the majority of the viruses were the H1N1pdm clade 6B.1 and no H1N1pdm clade 6B.2 viruses were detected. In northern Taiwan, more than half of the H1N1pdm viruses were clade 6B.1 and 38% were clade 6B.2, consistent with the global observation that most 6B.2 viruses circulated in Asia and not North America. Whole virus genome sequence analysis identified two genetic subgroups present in each of the 6B.1 and 6B.2 clades and one 6B.1 interclade reassortant virus. Clinical data showed 6B.2 patients had more disease symptoms including higher crude and inverse probability weighted odds of pneumonia than 6B.1 patients, suggesting 6B.2 circulation may be one of the reasons for the severe flu season in Taiwan. Local surveillance efforts linking H1N1pdm virus sequences to patient clinical and demographic data improve our understanding of influenza circulation and disease potential.
Exploring residents' perceptions of PA and NP roles and barriers to collaboration
Authors: Polansky Maura N. , Herrmann Debra , Dolmans D.H.J.M. , Govaerts Marjan , Koch Ulrich , Berger Jeffrey , Stalmeijer R.E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Developing competencies for interprofessional collaboration, including understanding other professionals' roles on interprofessional teams, is an essential component of medical education. This study explored resident physicians' perceptions of the clinical roles and responsibilities of physician assistants (PAs) and NPs in the clinical learning environment.

Methods:
Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, semistructured interviews were conducted with 15 residents in one academic setting. Transcripts were analyzed using an iterative approach to inductive coding.

Results:
Participants typically perceived PAs' and NPs' roles as being “like a resident,” less commonly as independent clinicians, and rarely as collaborators. Barriers to understanding PA and NP roles and perceiving them as collaborators included the lack of preparatory instruction about PAs and NPs, the hierarchical structure of medical education, and inadequate role modeling of interprofessional collaboration.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that barriers in the clinical learning environment and the structure of medical education itself may impede residents' learning about PAs and NPs and how to collaborate with them.
The Significance of Audiometric Notching in Individuals With a History of Noise Exposure: A Systematic Review
Authors: Meghji Sheneen , Phillips John 
Published: April 2021

Objectives:
The diagnosis of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is reliant on the appraisal of audiometric data. A notch, dip or bulge, centered at the 4-kHz frequency is considered to be pathognomonic. However, guidelines applied to assist the diagnosis of NIHL often allow for a notch centered between the 3- and 6-kHz frequencies. The primary outcome of this review is to document the relationship between audiometric notching at particular frequencies and the populations in which they have been identified.

Design:
We included all population-based studies, cohort, cross-sectional, case-control, case-series, and case reports of adults and children, with exposure to noise and with a notch, dip or bulge. The review has been registered with Prospero (Registration: CRD42017079901) and prepared in line with the PRISMA guidelines.

Results:
We included 84 articles in the final systematic review. There were a total of 1,438,987 individuals, aged 7 to 80 years old. The studies were conducted in 26 different countries. Fourteen studies identified notching at 3 kHz, 63 studies identified notching at 4 kHz, and 47 studies identified notching at 6 kHz. The Newcastle-Ottawa risk assessment tool was performed on 82 of the studies emphasizing the high risk of bias in observational studies.

Conclusions:
The overwhelming outcome of this systematic review demonstrates that the relationship between noise exposure and a 3- to 6-kHz audiometric notch is not straight-forward. A handful of articles have displayed a clear association between an individual’s noise exposure and an audiometric notch. Unilateral notches, notches observed at 3 kHz and notches in the absence of continued high-intensity noise exposure must be scrutinized thoroughly. The ambiguous nature of NIHL directs its continued interest.
Interactive Effects of Neighborhood Safety and Screen Time on Adolescent Internalizing Symptoms
Authors: Gresham Bria , McManus Benjamin , Stavrinos Despina 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Perceptions of less neighborhood safety and higher levels of screen time are independently linked to adolescent anxiety and depression. Furthermore, residing in a neighborhood perceived as less safe is associated with engaging in higher levels of screen time. Screen time may act as a potential mechanism by which the effects of neighborhood safety on internalizing symptoms differ. Yet, research has not investigated whether the relationship between neighborhood safety and psychosocial adjustment varies at high and low levels of screen time. Therefore, this study examined the interaction between perceived neighborhood safety and screen time on adolescent internalizing symptoms (i.e., anxiety and depressive symptoms).

Method:
A total of 184 adolescents (53% female; mean age = 17.09, SD = 1.07) were recruited from an ongoing longitudinal study of adolescent drivers. Participants reported their perceptions of neighborhood safety, screen use, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and demographic characteristics. The independent and interactive contributions of neighborhood safety and screen time predicting anxiety and depressive symptoms in adolescents were tested with hierarchical linear regressions.

Results:
Perceptions of less neighborhood safety and higher levels of screen time each uniquely predicted adolescent anxiety and depressive symptoms. The relationship between living in a neighborhood perceived as less safe and anxiety symptoms was stronger for youth with high levels of screen time.

Conclusion:
The findings suggest that youth residing in less safe neighborhoods may have higher levels of anxiety symptoms, and this anxiety symptomology is higher at high levels of screen time.
Early Parenting Stress Links Obstetric Complications and Child Psychopathology in Middle Childhood in an At-Risk Sample
Authors: Fuchs Anna , Resch Franz , Kaess Michael , Moehler Eva 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Obstetric complications (OCs) are adverse events during pregnancy, birth, or immediately after birth. Evidence on cumulative OC and longitudinal associations with child psychopathology is sparse. Prospective studies testing mediating pathways such as parenting stress are needed. This study aimed to investigate the impact of OC on child psychopathology in middle childhood and to highlight whether and which type of parenting stress specifically mediates this association.

Methods:
We investigated n = 54 mother-child dyads from 5 months to 8 years of age. Child psychopathology at 8 years and parenting stress at 12 months were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Parenting Stress Index. OCs were evaluated by the Steinhausen Questionnaire and through access to official pregnancy records at the 5-month visit. Half of the mothers had experienced early-life maltreatment (ELM), assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.

Results:
There was a significant indirect effect of maternal parenting stress at 12 months mediating the association between OC and child psychopathology at 8 years (β = 0.26; p < 0.01; 95% [0.35–1.83]). A significant proportion of 35% of CBCL-variance was explained. The significant effect remained even when maternal ELM and maternal psychological distress were controlled for. On the subscale level, only the “Difficult Child” subscale was a significant mediator.

Conclusion:
Our findings suggest that parenting stress should be targeted to prevent adverse effects of OC on child psychopathology. More research focusing on families subjected to OC is needed to highlight how maternal parenting stress and child regulatory functioning interact to affect child development longitudinally.