bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents Are Stressed! Patterns of Parent Stress Across COVID-19
Authors: Adams Elizabeth L. , Smith Danyel , Caccavale Laura J. , Bean Melanie K. 
Published: April 2021

Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused numerous unexpected challenges for many families, and these long-lasting demands likely contribute to higher stress for parents. The aim of this study was to describe changes in parent stress longitudinally from before (retrospective) to two timepoints during COVID-19. Stressors that influenced parenting and strategies to manage parenting difficulties at each timepoint during COVID-19 are also described.Methods: Parents (N = 433; 95% female) in the US with &gt;1 child aged 5–18 years completed an online survey in May 2020 (T1; at the peak of stay-at-home mandates) and in September 2020 (T2; children's return to school). Surveys included the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and questions on parenting-specific stress, stressors that influenced parenting, and strategies to manage parenting difficulties during COVID-19. Retrospective report of pre-COVID-19 stress was assessed at T1; current stress was assessed at T1 and T2. Repeated measures analysis of variance examined changes in stress over time.Results: Parent's stress increased from before COVID-19 to T1 (PSS score: 16.3 ± 5.7 to 22.0 ± 6.4, respectively; p &lt; 0.01), and decreased by T2 (19.2 ± 6.0), but remained elevated above pre-COVID-19 values (p &lt; 0.01). Most parents (71.1%) reported an increase parenting-specific stress from before COVID-19 to T1, which continued to increase for 55% of parents at T2. Common stressors that impacted parenting during COVID-19 were changes in children's routines, worry about COVID-19, and online schooling demands. Common strategies parents used to manage parenting difficulties included doing family activities together, keeping in touch with family/friends virtually, and keeping children on daily routines.Conclusions: Parent stress increased substantially during COVID-19 and has not returned to pre-COVID-19 levels, suggesting the need for enhanced mental health resources and supports. Public health interventions should address parenting-specific stressors and effective strategies for managing parenting difficulties to mitigate their deleterious impact.
Impact of ESG Rating of Companies on the Portfolio Performance
Authors: Samyukth Ramkumar 
Published: April 2021

Socially responsible investing is becoming more popular among people because people are becoming more concerned about the environment and society. Socially responsible investors screen the company by considering the ESG factors. The question raced is whether socially responsible investing improves the portfolio performance and how the funds perform during uncertain times like the Covid-19 pandemic. Since many critics of ESG funds say that the ESG funds’ performance highly depends on Software and Service company stocks, so the relevance of Software and Service companies in the fund has been analyzed in this research. The portfolios have been formed by using the Markowitz mean-variance portfolio model, and the performance of the minimum variance portfolio has been studied. The fund performance has been analyzed using the Sharpe ratio, and the result concludes that the ESG fund performance with minimum variance has an abnormally high Sharpe Ratio of 10.8. A similar type of performance was identified during the Covid-19 pandemic. The abnormally high Sharpe ratio will encourage investors to move towards socially responsible investing.
Pulsed sputtering growth of heavily Si-doped GaN (20

2̄

1) for tunneling junction contacts on semipolar InGaN (20

2̄

1) LEDs
Authors: Morikawa Soichiro , Ueno Kohei , Kobayashi Atsushi , Fujioka Hiroshi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report the in-plane anisotropic conductivity of heavily Si-doped GaN (20

2

̄

1) prepared by pulsed sputtering deposition and its application to tunneling junction (TJ) contacts on InGaN (20

2

̄

1) LEDs. Si-doped GaN (20

2

̄

1) yielded a high electron mobility of 109 cm2 V−1 s−1 even at an electron concentration of 1.1 × 1020 cm−3. The average difference in the in-plane electron mobility along the [

1

̄

014] and [1

2

̄

10] directions was small (approximately 9.7%) because of the low stacking fault density. The heavily Si-doped GaN (20

2

̄

1) worked as a uniform current spreading layer and hole injection layer through the TJ on InGaN (20

2

̄

1) LEDs.
Новый подход к оценке потери мощности электроэнергетической системы с применением Z-матрицы
Authors: Аракелян В. 
Published: April 2021

Вступительное слово о теме исследования: При исследовании режимов электроэнергетических систем различают параметры режима и схемы. Параметры схемы относятся к обобщенным параметрам сети. Узловая Z-матрица собственных и взаимных комплексных сопротивлений представляет собой матрицу обобщенных параметров. Параметры схемы системы делятся на активные и пассивные. Пассивные параметры - это продольные и поперечные параметры. Одним из важных технико- экономических показателей электрической системы является потери мощности. При исследовании режимов системы необходимо учитывать влияние продольных и поперечных пассивных параметров схемы на значения потерь. Цель научного исследования: Оценка потерь мощности в электроэнергетической системе с помощью Z-матрицы. Рассчитать потери, оценить изменение потерь активной и реактивной мощности обусловленный продольными и поперечными пассивными параметрами ,схемы системы. Описание научной и практической значимости работы: Научная ценность работы: Введен новый подход к оценке потерь мощности, основанный на новых формулах расчета коэффициентов потерь, применении Z-матрицы обобщенных параметров. Практическая значимость: обеспечивает универсальность для расчета, анализа и оценки потерь мощности в питающих электрических сетях. Описание методологии исследования: Учитывая разные виды моделирования линии электропередач современных электроэнергетических систем, сложность сетевых схем, теорию матриц, численные методы решения уравнений режима системы, коэффициенты потерь - B, с помощью Z-матрицы была получена новая формула для расчета, оценки и структурования потерь мощности. Основные результаты, выводы исследовательской работы: Исследование проводилось на макромодели электроэнергетической системы Армении. Анализ показывает, что предложенные формулы применимы к питающим электрическим сетям. Оцениваются изменение собственных активных и реактивных сопротивлений Z-матрицы , взаимных активных и реактивных сопротивлений Z-матрицы, изменение коэффициентов потерь мощности обусловленный поперечными пассивными параметрами схемы системы. Ценность проведенного исследования (какой вклад данной работы в соответствующую отрасль знаний): Предложенный подход расширяет область применения обобщенных параметров при расчетах и анализе потерь мощности. Практическое значение итогов работы: Полученные новые формулы потерь мощностей позволяют комплексно проанализировать структуру потерь, выявить очаги, разработать организационно-технические меры по их снижению
The outcome of postoperative paresthesia of inferior alveolar nerve after surgical removal of mandibular third molar using Orthopantomogram (OPG) versus Cone-beam CT
Authors: Sajid Ali Hassan 
Published: April 2021

Background: Periapical and Orthopantomogram (OPG) are the most commonly used radiographs for assessment of the relationship of lower 3rd molar roots with the inferior alveolar canal. Panoramic radiographs provide inadequate information of the buccolingual relationship between the roots of the 3rd molar & mandibular canal being two-dimensional (2D) in nature. To verify the relationship in three (3D) dimensions and to make a predictable treatment plan, traditional investigations may be supplemented by using CBCT. Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) is an office-based radiography technique used to assess the three-dimensional relationship of lower 3rd molar roots with inferior alveolar nerve.
Patients and methods: This comparative-cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Fatima Memorial Hospital (FMH), Lahore from 1st January 2019 till 30th June 2019. A total of 124 patients requiring removal of lower wisdom tooth were enrolled and then divided into two groups (62 in each) randomly. OPG was used for diagnosis of impacted lower 3rd molars in Group A patients while CBCT for diagnosis in Group B patients. A self-designed Performa was used to collect the data and final information was collected after 3 months of follow-up. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 20. A chi-square test was used to compare the postoperative paraesthesia between the OPG group and CBCT group patients. A p-value <0.05 was taken as significant.
Results: The occurrence of postoperative paresthesia between the two groups is significantly different; being a low percentage in the CBCT group at 2nd, 7th day and after 3 months follow-up visits with a p-value of 0.019, 0.019, and 0.005 respectively. On 3 months follow up, the distribution of paraesthesia between the two groups is significantly different; 20 patients (32.25%) in OPG group A and those of 7 (11.29%) in CBCT group B experienced paresthesia with a p-value of 0.005.
Conclusion: It is better to use CBCT to improve the postoperative paraesthesia for lower third molar surgical extraction.
Comparison of visual acuity and post-operative inflammation in phacoemulsification and removal of silicone oil with and without injection of Enoxaparin Sodium (40mg/0.04ml)
Authors: Buksh Hasnain Muhammad , Khaqan Hussain Ahmad , Imtiaz Usman , Rehman Ateeq Ur , Afzal Mehreen , Naz Raheela 
Published: April 2021

Background: Phacoemulsification and removal of silicone oil (ROSO) is a combined, frequently done procedure in retina theatre. A common problem in this procedure is the post inflammation that affects the recovery of the patients. Thus to counter this post-operative inflammation, the study has used Enoxaparin Sodium (an anti-inflammatory enoxaparin) to counter the post-operative inflammation in phacoemulsification and ROSO.
Patients and methods: Prospective interventional study done at Ophthalmology Department, Lahore General Hospital, included 60 patients which were operated and observed for results over a period of 3 months. Total 60 patients were randomly allocated in two groups, Group A and B. Both groups underwent phacoemulsification and ROSO. Group A had Enoxaparin Sodium, admixed in infusion bottles with a dosage of 40mg/0.04ml while Group B was operated without Enoxaparin Sodium. Patients were examined on slit lamp on the 1st day after the surgery then on the 7th day and every month for 3 months for post-operative inflammation and visual recovery. The effectiveness of the procedure was defined by the comparison of post-operative inflammation as well as speedy recovery of sight.
Results: Total 60 patients were randomly allocated in two groups. Group A had 30 patients, 23 males and 7 females, with mean age of 49.43 years. Group B included 30 patients, 19 males and 11 females, with mean age of 47.73 years. Post-operative BCVA in Group A was above vision 6/60 (Snellen’s Chart) in 90% of cases while it improved to vision 6/36 and better in 93% of cases at 7th day while 93% of cases crossed recovery of Vision 6/18 by 3rd Month. While in Group B, Vision 6/60 was observed in 70% of cases while it improved to vision 6/36 and better in 67% of cases at 7th day while 53% of cases crossed recovery of vision 6/18 by 3rd Month. Post-operative results for inflammation of Group B showed grade 3 reaction on first day (94%) while it reduced to grade 2 reaction on 7th day in 97% of the cases. While Group A was observed with occasional activity in 25 out of 30 cases (84%) on the first day and grade 2 reaction in 5 (16%) cases. 100% cases of Group A showed occasional activity on 7th day with better visual recovery.
Conclusion: Intraoperative use of Enoxaparin Sodium helped in reducing post-operative inflammation as well as aided in better visual acuity after phacoemulsification and ROSO thus proving to be a viable enoxaparin agent to reduce post-operative reactions in these surgeries.
Inside The Architecture of Closed Worlds, Or, What Is The Power of Shit?
Authors: Tipene Luke 
Published: April 2021

This article reviews The Architecture of Closed Worlds, Or, What is the Power of Shit? Published in 2018, Closed Worlds is an aggregation of written and visual material covering over four years of research by its author, Lydia Kallipoliti, on the subject of closed worlds. Through combining studies in the fields of spatial design, biology and technology, Kallipoliti establishes closed worlds as a new typology of interior space that internalises architecture and the environment in a technologically dependent, synthetic naturalism.
Based on an extended review of Kallipoliti’s multiple works on the subject, this essay unpacks the key contributions of Closed Worlds to our knowledge of sustainable design: from establishing the origin of closed worlds in the NASA space program of the 1960s; to demonstrating their adaptation to an idealised architecture of environmental resistance in the 1970s; to their contribution to absurd environmental policy in the 1980s. Using writing and drawings to demonstrate the flaws of closed worlds in the built environment, Kallipoliti establishes a platform for critical reflection on sustainability and rejects the idealisation of green thinking in design. By addressing the concept of loss in closed worlds, in the form of shit, Kallipoliti argues that uncertainty rather than sustainability has the phenomenal potential to instigate change.
Rather than rejecting the concept of, or the need for, environmentally conscious design, Closed Worlds problematises the field of existing ideas to assess the credibility of ethical claims. By using factual examples of real projects, Closed Worlds questions principles that have been institutionalised in an attempt to avoid the pitfalls of well-intentioned but ultimately misguided ideals. In the face of mounting environmental catastrophe, this book is poignant, as it advocates for the need to address complexity, rather than efficiency, by looking directly at the uncertainty of the natural environment and asking hard questions about real problems of survival.
Learning from Mars; Or, Facing our Shit
Authors: Kallipoliti Lydia , George Jestin 
Published: April 2021

The intent to inhabit Mars carries many self-contradicting intentions, especially given our clear plan to extract Martian resources, domesticate the planet, and transfer the ideological framework of establishing territory in a newly found space free from jurisdiction. To that end, research into sustaining human life on Mars is highly problematic. Interplanetary habitation is arguably an escape from Earth. The latent narrative is defeat; that is succumbing to the climate crisis, while making alternative plans for a selected privileged population. Nevertheless, research into life on Mars forces us to face our shit on Earth, where resources for sustaining all forms of life have been abundant. Not until recently have we been mandated to consider their finite worth or replacement, or deal with the excessive waste we generate as a by-product of our daily production processes. On Mars, where every resource for sustaining life is precious and rare within a fully enclosed life support, waste becomes integral to our survival. This view from afar, in the words of Claude Levi Strauss, changes our viewpoint on how to retain and recycle waste. Arguably, it is not only insightful for Mars-based habitats, but also for helping in altering daily patterns of dealing with waste and the climate crisis on Earth.
This article presents LIFE ON MARS, a research-design project investigating closed-loop life-support living systems for Mars as giant living machines of ingestion and excretion. It is neither a complete project, nor a ‘solution’ to extra-terrestrial inhabitation. LIFE ON MARS looks at the minimum use of in-situ resources avoiding extraction, as well as the regenerative properties of Earth-based biology and our ability to engineer and tinker with resources through the field of synthetic biology. The project also brings to light emergent forms of habitation in extreme interiorisation and the problem of sustaining life in a sealed interior when the exterior world becomes prohibitive. In this format, it is presented as an inquisitive visual narrative, which raises both existential and scientific questions for further exploration.
Significant Improvement in Planetary System Simulations from Statistical Averaging
Authors: Hernandez David M. , Agol Eric , Holman Matthew J. , Hadden Sam 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Symplectic integrators are widely used for the study of planetary dynamics and other N-body problems. In a study of the outer solar system, we demonstrate that individual symplectic integrations can yield biased errors in the semimajor axes and possibly other orbital elements. The bias is resolved by studying an ensemble of initial conditions of the outer solar system. Such statistical sampling could significantly improve measurement of planetary system properties like their secular frequencies. We also compared the distributions of action-like variables between high and low accuracy integrations; traditional statistical metrics are unable to distinguish the distribution functions.
A New Look into K-giants’ Chromospheres
Authors: Rau Gioia , Peacock Sarah , Carpenter Kenneth G. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report the preliminary modeling of archival Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA)/Visible spEctroGraph and polArimeter interferometric data of a K-giant star using the PHOENIX atmosphere code. We find that our preparatory model that includes only the chromospheric contribution closely reproduces the observed infrared Ca ii triplet line profiles of a test star: the K-giant, β Cet. This preliminary work requires the additional modeling of the wind contribution to improve the agreement with observations. We plan to perform a systematic study of K-giants chromospheric emission with multi-wavelength and multi-technique observations and modeling. Our plans include extending the modeling work to include the underlying wind component for a larger set of stars. Stellar Parameters and Images with a Cophased Array, the second-generation instrument at CHARA, will be the ideal instrument to perform such observations and reveal the chromospheric activity of K-giants.
Trends in the use of antibiotics for pharyngitis in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Olwi Rawaa Ibrahim , Olwi Duaa Ibrahim 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Pharyngitis is one of the most common diagnoses for antibiotic prescriptions worldwide. Antibiotics should be prescribed for bacterial pharyngitis to reduce its complications. The aims of this study were to assess antibiotic prescriptions for pharyngitis cases, and their relationship with physicians’ knowledge regarding its diagnosis and management.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted. First, prescriptions for pharyngitis cases using the modified Centor criteria was evaluated at primary care centers in Saudi Arabia. Second, physicians’ knowledge of the modified Centor score and the diagnosis and management of pharyngitis was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire.
Results: Out of 104 pharyngitis cases, 79% (n = 82) were prescribed antibiotics, of which 28% were evidence-based prescriptions. First-line antibiotics were prescribed in 34% of patients, and second-line (broad-spectrum) antibiotics such as amoxicillin/clavulanate were prescribed in half of the patients. The main significant predictors of antibiotic prescriptions were age < 3 years (odds ratio, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.97), tonsillar exudate (odds ratio, 21.14; 95% CI, 2.88 to 155.09), and throat erythema (odds ratio, 9.30; 95% CI, 1.18 to 73.41). Overall, physicians (n = 29) had adequate knowledge about the modified Centor score and the management of pharyngitis.
Conclusions: Most prescribed antibiotics for pharyngitis were unnecessarily prescribed; the majority being broad-spectrum antibiotics. Despite physicians’ adequate knowledge of the modified Centor score and the management of pharyngitis, their practice failed to demonstrate that. Induction of the Saudi Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in the primary care centers, accessibility to diagnostic tools, and educational programs may help in reducing unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.
COVID-19 in the MENA Region: Facts and Findings
Authors: Younis Nour K , Rahm Mira , Bitar Fadi , Arabi Mariam 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Our study aims to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It aims also to examine the various factors that have led to the unequal distribution of the confirmed cases among the different MENA countries.
Methodology: Data was retrieved from the World Health Organization situation reports issued between January 29 and June 5, 2020. It included the numbers of cumulative cases, new cases, and cumulative deaths reported by MENA countries. Similarly, we searched for relevant articles in PubMed and Medline.
Results: A total of 481,347 cases and 11,851 deaths occurred in the MENA region, accounting for 7.37% and 3.06% of the global cases and deaths respectively. Iran had the highest number of cases and deaths accounting for 34.1% and 68.1% of the MENA cases and deaths respectively. Together the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries accounted for 52.2% and 10.6% of MENA cases and deaths respectively. Egypt had the highest number of confirmed cases and deaths among the African countries of the region. Syria, Libya and Yemen (countries at war) had the lowest numbers of reported cases. The MENA region overall case fatality rate (CFR) was estimated at 2.46%. The highest CFR (22.75%) occurred in Yemen, and the lowest (0.07%) in Qatar.
Conclusions: The unequal distribution of wealth among the MENA countries, the lack of sociopolitical stability, and the high number of undetected and underreported cases in some of them have resulted in varied incidences of COVID-19 related morbidity and mortality.
A small collection of Endeis juveniles (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida: Endeidae) sorted from the fouling organisms on the R/V Dayangyihao
Authors: Wang Jianjia , Sun Dong , Tian Peng , Huang Dinyong , Niu Wentao , Zhang Feng 
Published: April 2021

Endeis straughani Clark, 1970 was originally described from Queensland, Australia. Its range was extended to Ghana, West Africa when E. picta Bamber, 1979 was synonymised with E. straughani by Staples (1982). The current paper extends this range further, to include Port Louis, Mauritius.
Five immature individuals gathered amongst hydroids during the 5th leg of the DY125-34 expedition were tentatively identified as E. straughani juveniles. Since these were collected from the fouling community on the ship’s hull, they probably originated in Port Louis (Mauritius) when the ship was docked there.