bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated expression of endogenous glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor impairs spatial memory performance and raises inhibitory tone in the hippocampus
Authors: Marshall Pepin , Garton Daniel R. , Taira Tomi , Võikar Vootele , Vilenius Carolina , Kulesskaya Natalia , Rivera Claudio , Andressoo Jaan‐Olle 
Published: January 2021

AbstractParvalbumin‐positive interneurons (PV+) are a key component of inhibitory networks in the brain and are known to modulate memory and learning by shaping network activity. The mechanisms of PV+ neuron generation and maintenance are not fully understood, yet current evidence suggests that signalling via the glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor GFRα1 positively modulates the migration and differentiation of PV+ interneurons in the cortex. Whether GDNF also regulates PV+ cells in the hippocampus is currently unknown. In this study, we utilized a Gdnf “hypermorph” mouse model where GDNF is overexpressed from the native gene locus, providing greatly increased spatial and temporal specificity of protein expression over established models of ectopic expression. Gdnfwt/hyper mice demonstrated impairments in long‐term memory performance in the Morris water maze test and an increase in inhibitory tone in the hippocampus measured electrophysiologically in acute brain slice preparations. Increased PV+ cell number was confirmed immunohistochemically in the hippocampus and in discrete cortical areas and an increase in epileptic seizure threshold was observed in vivo. The data consolidate prior evidence for the actions of GDNF as a regulator of PV+ cell development in the cortex and demonstrate functional effects upon network excitability via modulation of functional GABAergic signalling and under epileptic challenge.
Osteosarcoma in the femur of a horse
Authors: Pfeifle R. L. , Beasley E. M. , Crabtree N. E. , Fraser C. , Elbert J. A. , Ducker E. , Nagata K. , Garner B. C. , Sakamoto K. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryA 27‐year‐old Arabian pony gelding presented for evaluation of weight loss, intermittent sheath oedema, persistent neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, and acute left hindlimb swelling and gait abnormality. Clinical findings included swelling, heat and sensitivity localised over the left greater trochanter, mild to moderate ventral and sheath oedema, a left hindlimb post‐legged gait, and off‐loading of weight from the left hindlimb at rest. Initially, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were confirmed on bloodwork, but neutrophilia and thrombocytopenia persisted as the case progressed. Diagnostic imaging (radiography and percutaneous ultrasonography) of the left hindquarters revealed an aggressive, mixed proliferative and lytic bony lesion of the proximal left femur as well as associated muscle fibre disruption and a soft tissue mass. A percutaneous core biopsy of the lesion led to the diagnosis of osteoblastic osteosarcoma on histopathology. Pain and inflammation associated with the lesion was medically managed in the hospital with mild improvement. Additionally, palliative radiation was performed under general anaesthesia. Unfortunately, before a response to palliative radiation could be assessed, the patient was subjected to euthanasia due to development of acute neurological signs.
A multi‐label cascaded neural network classification algorithm for automatic training and evolution of deep cascaded architecture
Authors: Pakrashi Arjun , Mac Namee Brian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMulti‐label classification algorithms deal with classification problems where a single datapoint can be classified (or labelled) with more than one class (or label) at the same time. Early multi‐label approaches like binary relevance consider each label individually and train individual binary classifier models for each label. State‐of‐the‐art algorithms like RAkEL, classifier chains, calibrated label ranking, IBLR‐ML+, and BPMLL also consider the associations between labels for improved performance. Like most machine learning algorithms, however, these approaches require careful hyper‐parameter tuning, a computationally expensive optimisation problem. There is a scarcity of multi‐label classification algorithms that require minimal hyper‐parameter tuning. This paper addresses this gap in the literature by proposing CascadeML, a multi‐label classification method based on the existing cascaded neural network architecture, which also takes label associations into consideration. CascadeML grows a neural network architecture incrementally (deep as well as wide) in a two‐phase process as it learns network weights using an adaptive first‐order gradient descent algorithm. This omits the requirement of preselecting the number of hidden layers, nodes, activation functions, and learning rate. The performance of the CascadeML algorithm was evaluated using 13 multi‐label datasets and compared with nine existing multi‐label algorithms. The results show that CascadeML achieved the best average rank over the datasets, performed better than BPMLL (one of the earliest well known multi‐label specific neural network algorithms), and was similar to the state‐of‐the‐art classifier chains and RAkEL algorithms.
The contributions of metabolomics in the discovery of new therapeutic targets in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Altiné‐Samey Rayhanatou , Antier Daniel , Mavel Sylvie , Dufour‐Rainfray Diane , Balageas Anna‐Chloé , Beaufils Emilie , Emond Patrick , Foucault‐Fruchard Laura , Chalon Sylvie 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) leads to the progressive loss of memory and other cognitive functions. It is the most common form of dementia in the elderly and has become a major public health problem due to the increase in life expectancy. Although the detection of AD is based on several neuropsychological tests, imaging, and biological analyses, none of these biomarkers allows a clear understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the disease, and no efficient treatment is currently available. Metabolomics, which allows the study of biochemical alterations underlying pathological processes, could help to identify these mechanisms, to discover new therapeutic targets, and to monitor the therapeutic response and disease progression. In this review, we have summarized and analyzed the results from a number of studies on metabolomics analyses performed in biological samples originated from the central nervous system, in AD subjects, and in animal models of this disease. This synthesis revealed modified expression of specific metabolites in pathological conditions which allowed the identification of significantly impacted metabolic pathways both in animals and humans, such as the arginine biosynthesis and the alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. We discuss the potential biochemical mechanisms involved, the extent to which they could impact the specific hallmarks of AD, and the therapeutic approaches which could be proposed as a result.
The relationship between China's income inequality and transport infrastructure, economic growth, and carbon emissions
Authors: Zhang Jiekuan , Zhang Yan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSince the beginning of the 21st century, accompanied by the tremendous achievements of China's economic growth is an increasingly severe income gap between the rich and the poor. Based on panel data from 2000 to 2018, this study systematically examined the relationship among transport infrastructure, economic growth, carbon emissions, and income inequality in China, using the panel vector autoregressive model estimated by the generalized method of moments. We further divided China into three regions to investigate the regional heterogeneity of these relationships. The results show a long‐run equilibrium relationship between transport infrastructure, economic growth, carbon emissions, and income inequality. Income inequality in the previous year significantly affects that in the current year positively. Whether at the national or regional level, economic growth affects income inequality negatively. For the national sample, the highway reduces income inequality, while the railway increases income inequality. For both the subsamples and the national sample, carbon emissions significantly increase income inequality and are the Granger test cause for income inequality. Furthermore, we discuss some of the possible mechanisms of these results. Our findings generate policy implications for reducing income inequality in regard to economic growth, transport infrastructure, and carbon emissions.
Homogeneity of melt‐rocked Ge–Se glasses and the effect of impurities
Authors: Lucas Pierre , Cui Shuo , Bayko Dmitriy P. , Gulbiten Ozgur , Coleman Garrett J. , Troles Johann 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe impact of glass synthesis methods on the properties of Ge–Se glasses is investigated. The homogeneity of a GeSe4 glass produced by mechanical convection in a rocking oven for 12 h at 950°C is characterized by Raman spectroscopy and Electron Microprobe analysis. It is found that the melt‐rocked glass is chemically and structurally homogeneous at all length scales investigated. In order to compare the effect of synthesis methods, another glass is produced following a static synthesis for 192 h. Their physical, structural, and dynamic properties are then characterized for comparative analysis. The molar volume and structure of both glasses are found to be identical when subjected to the same thermal history. The structural dynamics of GeSe4 investigated by heat capacity spectroscopy is identical for the static and rocked glass and also compared with that of GeSe9 and GeSe3. Overall, the two synthesis methods do not lead to any difference in measured properties. Finally, the effect of impurities is investigated in three glasses. The presence of water and oxygen impurities up to 30 ppm levels is shown to have no significant effect on physical and structural properties. Hence, the presence of water impurities cannot be attributed to mismatch in physical properties.
Biofilm formation of Pectobacteriumcarotovorum subsp. carotovorum on polypropylene surface during multiple cycles of vacuum cooling
Authors: Pu Hongbin , Xu Yiwen , Lin Lian , Sun Da‐Wen 
Published: January 2021

SummaryDuring vacuum cooling, polypropylene turnover boxes are repeatedly used for containing vegetables for cooling, while Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovora (Pcc) can form a biofilm on polypropylene adhesion surface. This study evaluated the effects of multiple cycles of vacuum cooling on the morphology and composition of Pcc biofilm formed on polypropylene turnover boxes. Results showed that Pcc biofilm in different growth stages including adhesion, development and mature phases displayed different responses to vacuum cooling. Pcc biofilm in adhesion stage decreased from 106 to 105 CFU cm−2, indicating the positive interference of vacuum cooling on biofilm formation in the initial developmental stage. However, with the increasing of the number of vacuum cooling cycles from 0 to 3, the biomass of Pcc biofilm in the development stage increased from 107 to 108 CFU cm−2 and the polysaccharide secretion increased from 7.96 to 16.7 mg cm−2, showing the promotion of biofilm formation and the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances. Therefore, regular cleansing and sterilisation of turnover boxes are necessary to prevent cross‐contamination during vacuum cooling.
Major triterpenes, cycloeucalenone and 31‐norcyclolaudenone as inhibitors against both α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase in banana peel
Authors: Shang Chaojie , Gu Yipeng , Koyama Tomoyuki 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe inhibitory activities of banana peel extract against carbohydrate digestive enzymes were investigated. Cycloeucalenone and 31‐norcyclolaudenone were obtained by bioassay‐guided fractionation as effective inhibitors of α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase. The structure–activity relationships of four triterpenes isolated from banana peel, cycloeucalenone, 31‐norcyclolaudenone and cycloeucalenol and its isomer were investigated. The IC50 values of cycloeucalenone and 31‐norcyclolaudenone against α‐glucosidase were 31.83 ± 2.46 μm and 38.85 ± 1.54 μm, respectively, and their IC50 values against α‐amylase were 20.33 ± 0.59 μm and 27.63 ± 0.83 μm, respectively. In contrast, cycloeucalenol and its isomer had insufficient inhibitory activity against either enzyme. The primary active sites of cycloeucalenone and 31‐norcyclolaudenone are the carbonyl group at C‐3 and the double bond in the side chain. Cycloeucalenone induced a parabolic mixed‐type inhibition with a Ki value of 73.86 μm in the α‐glucosidase inhibitory assay. This study provides new evidence for the potential use of banana peel triterpenes as antidiabetic agents.
Oyster hydrolysate ameliorates ethanol diet‐induced alcoholic fatty liver by regulating lipid metabolism in rats
Authors: Byun Jae‐Hyuk , Shin Ji Eun , Choi Yeung‐Joon , Choung Se‐Young 
Published: January 2021

SummaryWe evaluated the effect of oyster hydrolysate, which was prepared using transglutaminase, protamex and neutrase (TGPN), on alcoholic fatty liver. Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a diet containing 5% (v/v) ethanol or an isocaloric amount of dextrin–maltose for 6 weeks and orally administered TGPN or silymarin for another 4 weeks. TGPN significantly decreased the liver index (liver weight/body weight), serum and hepatic lipid levels and increased the serum adiponectin level. Based on histological analysis, TGPN reduced the number of lipid droplets and lipid accumulation in liver tissue. TGPN enhanced the expression of AMP‐activated protein kinase and activated its downstream pathway which controls lipid metabolism. Additionally, TGPN decreased the levels of liver function markers (aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase) and tumour necrosis factor alpha. Consequently, TGPN ameliorated alcoholic fatty liver by inhibiting fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, promoting fatty acid oxidation and decreasing liver cell damage.
Fisher's g Revisited
Authors: Quinn Barry G. 
Published: January 2021

SummaryIn 1929, Fisher proposed a test for periodicity based on the largest periodogram ordinate. If the true frequency lies between two consecutive Fourier frequencies and the signal to noise ratio is low, the test may conclude that there is no periodicity. This loss of power was noted by Whittle in 1952, as well as the necessary assumption that the noise be white. Whittle and subsequent authors suggested remedies for the white noise assumption. This paper proposes simple tests, based on the Fourier coefficients, that is, the Fourier transforms at the Fourier frequencies, that have good power properties at all frequencies.
Correlation between small and dense low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular events in Beijing community population
Authors: Wang Xiaona , Wang Liang , Cao Ruihua , Yang Xu , Xiao Wenkai , Zhang Yun , Ye Ping 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe relationship between small dense low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL‐C) and different cardiovascular events has been observed in several large community studies, and the results have been controversial. However, there is currently no cross‐sectional or longitudinal follow‐up study on sdLDL‐C in the Chinese hypertension population. We analyzed the association of plasma sdLDL‐C levels with major adverse cardiovascular events in 1325 subjects from a longitudinal follow‐up community‐based population in Beijing, China. During the follow‐up period, a total of 191 subjects had MACEs. Cox regression analysis showed that sdLDL‐C is a major risk factor for MACEs independent of sex, age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, SBP, DBP, FBG, eGFR in the general community population (1.013 (1.001 −1.025, P < .05)), but the correlation disappeared after adjusting for TC and HDL‐C in Model 3. Cox analysis showed that hypertension combined with high level of sdLDL‐C was still the risk factor for MACEs ((2.079 (1.039‐4.148)). Our findings in the Chinese cohort support that sdLDL‐C is a risk factor for major adverse cardiovascular events in hypertension subjects.
Comparison of the effects of weekly and biweekly intravenous CERA administration on erythropoiesis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kawai Yuki , Toya Yoshiyuki , Wakui Hiromichi , Fujikawa Tetsuya , Ueda Eiko , Azushima Kengo , Mitsuhashi Hiroshi , Kawano Tomoyuki , Kuji Tadashi , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Ohnishi Toshimasa , Tamura Kouichi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAlthough continuous erythropoietin receptor activators (CERAs) are widely used erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents for correcting renal anemia in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD), few reports have examined weekly CERA administration. In this randomized controlled trial, we compared the efficacy and changes in the parameters of iron metabolism and erythropoiesis between weekly and biweekly CERA administration. In total, 120 patients undergoing maintenance HD were randomized to the weekly or biweekly group. The primary end point was the total CERA dose needed to maintain the target hemoglobin (Hb) levels during a 12‐week evaluation period. There was no significant difference in the total dose between the weekly and biweekly groups (median 175.0 [interquartile range (IQR) 93.8–337.5] µg/12 weeks vs. 300.0 [IQR 125.0–375.0] µg/12 weeks, P = .18). The mean Hb levels during the evaluation period were 10.9 ± 0.8 g/dL in the weekly group and 10.7 ± 0.8 g/dL in the biweekly group (P = .25). Weekly CERA administration was well tolerated. Weekly CERA administration similarly managed anemia as biweekly administration in patients undergoing HD.
Digital therapeutics for essential hypertension using a smartphone application: A randomized, open‐label, multicenter pilot study
Authors: Kario Kazuomi , Nomura Akihiro , Kato Ayaka , Harada Noriko , Tanigawa Tomoyuki , So Ryuhei , Suzuki Shin , Hida Eisuke , Satake Kohta 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHypertension is the most considerable but treatable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although physicians prescribe multiple antihypertensive drugs and promote lifestyle modifications, the real‐world blood pressure (BP) control rate remains poor. To improve BP target achievement, we developed a novel digital therapeutic—the HERB software system —to manage hypertension. Here, we performed a randomized pilot study to assess the safety and efficacy of the HERB system for hypertension. We recruited 146 patients with essential hypertension from March 2018 to March 2019. We allocated eligible patients to the intervention group (HERB system + standard lifestyle modification) or control group (standard lifestyle modification alone). The primary outcome was the mean change from baseline to 24 weeks in 24‐hour systolic BP (SBP) measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). The baseline characteristics in each group were well balanced; the mean age was approx. 57 years, and 67% were male. In the primary end point at 24 weeks, HERB intervention did not lower the mean change of 24‐hour SBP by ABPM compared with the controls (adjusted difference: −0.66 mmHg; p = .78). In an exploratory analysis focusing on antihypertensive drug‐naïve patients aged <65, the effects of the HERB intervention were significantly greater than the control for reducing 24‐hour SBP by ABPM at 16 weeks (adjusted difference: −7.6 mmHg; p = .013; and morning home SBP at 24 weeks (adjusted difference − 6.0 mmHg; p = .012). Thus, the HERB intervention did not achieve a primary efficacy end point. However, we observed that antihypertensive drug‐naïve adult hypertensive patients aged <65 years could be a potential HERB system‐effective target for further investigations of the efficacy of the system.
Assessing DNA for fish identifications from reference collections: the good, bad and ugly shed light on formalin fixation and sequencing approaches
Authors: Appleyard Sharon A. , Maher Safia , Pogonoski John J. , Bent Stephen J. , Chua Xin‐Yi , McGrath Annette 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNatural history collections are repositories of biodiversity and are potentially used by molecular ecologists for comparative taxonomic, phylogenetic, biogeographic and forensic purposes. Specimens in fish collections are preserved using a combination of methods with many fixed in formalin and then preserved in ethanol for long‐term storage. Formalin fixation damages DNA, thereby limiting genetic analyses. In this study, the authors compared the DNA barcoding and identification success for frozen and formalin‐fixed tissues obtained from specimens in the CSIRO Australian National Fish Collection. They studied 230 samples from fishes (consisting of >160 fish species). An optimized formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded DNA extraction method resulted in usable DNA from degraded tissues. Four mini barcoding assays of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were characterized with Sanger and Illumina amplicon sequencing. In the good quality DNA (without exposure to formalin), up to 88% of the specimens were correctly matched at the species level using the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) mini barcodes, whereas up to 58% of the specimens exposed to formalin for less than 8 weeks were correctly identified to species. In contrast, 16S primers provided higher amplification success with formalin‐exposed tissues, although the COI gene was more successful for identification. Importantly, the authors found that DNA of a certain size and quality can be amplified and sequenced despite exposure to formalin, and Illumina sequencing provided them with greater power of resolution for taxa identification even when there was little DNA present. Overall, within parameter constraints, this study highlights the possibilities of recovering DNA barcodes for identification from formalin‐fixed fish specimens, and the authors provide guidelines for when successful identification could be expected.
Mothers' Employment Participation: The Role of Partner Involvement and Selection Processes
Authors: Ingenfeld Julia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis paper examines how a couple's division of housework and child care affects mothers' postnatal work hours, taking into account selection processes.BackgroundPast research on mothers' employment suggests that male partners' involvement in domestic work is positively associated with mothers' employment participation. However, it is unknown to what extent this association is driven by selection processes, rather than partner behavior. This paper examines whether selection processes may jointly determine a couple's division of domestic work and a mother's postnatal work hours, and therefore account for the relationship between partner involvement in domestic work and a mother's work hours.MethodUsing data from the 1991 to 2008 waves of the British Household Panel, this study employs structural equation modeling and fixed effects regression. The analyses account for multiple characteristics that may determine women's selection into egalitarian work–family arrangements.ResultsThe findings show that selection effects do indeed play a role: The male partner's involvement in housework and child care does not significantly affect most mothers' postnatal work hours when selection effects are taken into account. Only mothers who are highly disadvantaged on the labor market—those with low income and educational attainment—benefit from the partner's involvement in child care, but not housework, in terms of their postnatal employment.ConclusionMothers who are strongly disadvantaged on the labor market benefit most from family policies that encourage their partner's involvement in child care.