bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of changes in pore structure on the compressive strength of sulphoaluminate cement concrete at high temperature
Authors: Tchekwagep J.J.K. , Zhao P. , Wang S. , Huang S. , Cheng X. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The internal pore structure of sulphoaluminate cement concrete (SACC) significantly affects its mechanical properties. The main purpose of this study was to establish the relationship between pore structure changes and compressive strength after exposure to elevated temperatures. SACC samples that had been cured for 12 months were dried to a constant weight and then exposed to different temperatures (100 °C, 200 °C and 300 °C), after which the compressive strength and pore structure were measured. The pore structure of SACC was quantitatively described by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and nitrogen adsorption results. The results showed that with increased temperature, the porosity of the SACC samples also increased and the pore structure was gradually destroyed. Moreover, the SACC’s compressive strength gradually decreased with increasing temperature. The relationship between compressive strength and porosity was in close agreement with the compressive strength–porosity equation proposed by Schiller. Therefore, after extensive exposure to elevated temperature, the changes in SACC’s compressive strength can be quantitatively described by the Schiller equation.
The climate change movement and political parties: Mechanisms of social media and interaction during the 2019 electoral period in Finland
Authors: Savolainen Sonja , Ylä-Anttila Tuomas 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Building on the framework of electoral contention, we investigate the interaction dynamics between social movements and political parties during elections. We argue that social media today is an important venue for these interactions, and consequently, analysing social media data is useful for understanding the shifts in the conflict and alliance structures between movements and parties. We find that Twitter discussions on the climate change movement during the 2019 electoral period in Finland reveal a process of pre-election approaching and post-election distancing between the movement and parties. The Greens and the Left formed mutually beneficial coalitions with the movement preceding the elections and took distance from one another after these parties entered the government. These findings suggest that research on movement-party interaction should pay more attention to social media and undertake comparative studies to assess whether the approaching-distancing process and its constituent mechanisms characterise movements beyond the climate strikes in Finland.
Spread of tweets in climate discussions: A case study of the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize announcement
Authors: Xia Yan , Chen Ted Hsuan Yun , Kivelä Mikko 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Characterising the spreading of ideas within echo chambers is essential for understanding polarisation. In this article, we explore the characteristics of popular and viral content in climate change discussions on Twitter around the 2019 announcement of the Nobel Peace Prize, where we find the retweet network of users to be polarised into two well-separated groups of activists and sceptics. Operationalising popularity as the number of retweets and virality as the spreading probability inferred using an independent cascade model, we find that the viral themes echo and differ from the popular themes in interesting ways. Most importantly, we find that the most viral themes in the two groups reflect different types of bonds that tie the community together, yet both function to enhance ingroup connections while repulsing outgroup engagement. With this, our study sheds light, from an information-spreading perspective, on the formation and upkeep of echo chambers in climate discussions.
Setbacks to the Implementation of the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions: Case Studies of the Namas of Ethiopia, Georgia and Indonesia
Authors: Issaka Sule Ayannor 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The lack of implementation of the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) of the non-Annexe I Parties registered in the NAMA Registry of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is a worrying situation in the sense that it is limiting the contributions these NAMA projects would have made towards mitigating global climate change. There is however little research on the reasons behind the lack of implementation of these NAMAs projects and this is the knowledge gap that this paper seeks to fill based on a critical overview of the NAMAs of Ethiopia, Indonesia and Georgia. The source of data for this paper is mainly from the focal persons for the NAMAs of the countries under study, which was obtained via telephone and Skype interviews with the respondents. Our findings show that lack of funding, complicated financial mechanisms, lack of technical expertise, fringe conditions to donor support and policy issues according to the findings of this study are the main hindrances to the implementation of NAMAs. International organisations, donor partners, developed countries and local governments alike are therefore encouraged to channel some of the funds meant for fighting global climate change into sponsoring the NAMAs of poorer countries, as this will see to the successful implementations of these NAMAs and their subsequent impacts on mitigating global climate change. The paper is also timely considering the scarcity of literature on NAMAs related issues.
A STRUCTURE BASED MOLECULAR DOCKING OF Acacia catechu AGAINSTCONTRACTILE PROTEIN Plasmodium falciparum – A MALARIAL DISEASE
Authors: BISWAL R ABHISHEK , PAZHAMALAI VIVEK 
Published: July 2021

The bioactive compounds of Acacia catechu using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy and the inhibitory activity against contractile protein Plasmodium falciparum against protozoan disease were studied. This research mainly focuses on finding of novel drug screening against malarial enzyme. The compounds of Acacia catechu are screened using Lipinski rule of five with ADMET properties in which the character as well as behaviour of the drug compound is known. The compounds were checked for its dosage level in human and rat as well as distribution properties in blood brain barrier and central neuro system. The compounds 9,12,15- Octadecatrienoic acid has higher affinity with -7.95 Kcal/mol followed by Pthalic acid, butyl 2- pentyl ester -7.35 Kcal/mol and Furo[2,3-d] Pyrimidine-4,6 [5H,7H]-dion -6.24 Kcal/mol were docked using Autodock software. the compound 9,12,15- Octadecatrienoic acid, Pthalic acid butyl 2- pentyl ester, Furo[2,3-d] Pyrimidine-4,6 [5H,7H]-dion has higher affinity such as -7.95 Kcal/mol , -7.35 Kcal/mol and -6.24 Kcal/mol respectively. Thus this research proves that the drug compounds of Acacia catechu have novel therapeutic drug activity against virulent enzymes.
Design, fabrication and evaluation of microemulsion based gel of essential oil of thymus vulgaris for superficial fungal infections
Authors: Gandhi Jeet V. , Suthar Disha J. , Patel Hetal K. , Shelat Pragna K. , Parejiya Punit J. 
Published: July 2021

Although fungus being part of the commensal skin micro-structuring, various pathogenic commensals colonizes on human skin leading to superficial fungal infections. Owing to the resistance of present therapeutic treatments available, microbial resistance and serious hypoallergic reactions have been a concern to explore the phyto-therapeutic nutrients for treatment of fungal infections. One such plant essential oil-based formulation is thyme oil derived from the leaves of thymus vulgaris. The aim of present work i.e. development of thyme oil based microemulsion for treatment of fungal infections due to candida and trichophyton species. The thyme oil loaded microemulsion based gel was constructed using D-optimal design and the optimized final formulation contains 0.82% of oil, 9.22% of Smix and 89.95% of water. The optimized microemulsions was pale yellow to amber transparent microemulsion with globule size of 14.23 ± 0.3 nm, zeta potential of -0.69 mV and PDI value 0.00143 indicating a stable microemulsion. The microemulsion based gel formed had a pH of 6.03, appreciable viscosity and rheological properties. The drug release of formulation was 100.0 ± 0.22%. The % of drug permeated in skin layers was found to be 15.53 ± 0.22%. While % drug retention on the skin surface was found to be 26.32 ± 0.26% and within skin layers was found to be 58.47 ± 0.22%. The microemulsion based MBG was found to be safe on the dermis and efficacious then the marketed product and hence, promises its utilization as a safe and efficacious formulation for treatment of dermal infections.
IN VITRO ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY BY GLUCOSE UPTAKE OF YEAST CELL ASSAY AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF ANNONA RETICULATA L. LEAF EXTRACTS
Authors: Pulivarthi Vineela , Josthna Penchalaneni , Naidu Challagundla Varadarajulu 
Published: July 2021

The undesirable adverse effects of present available synthetic drugs endorse the modern medicine to search the superior choice for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Herbal medicine turns out to be a hopeful therapy for the effective treatment of diabetes in foreseeable future. In an effort to render a scientific evidence for the antidiabetic potential of Annona reticulata L., the present research, with the objective to evaluate the ability of A. reticulata leaf extracts on antihyperglycemic property under in vitro using yeast cell model was performed. Besides, as the diabetes and its complications are highly associated with the oxidative stress, the current study was also focussed on antioxidant property of A. reticulata leaf extracts. The scavenging ability of plant extracts on free radical 2, 2 – diphenyl- 1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing power assay and total antioxidant activity were performed to establish the antioxidant potential of A. reticulata leaf extracts. The in vitro antidiabetic ability of A. reticulata leaves was evaluated by glucose uptake method using yeast cell model. Among the four chosen solvent extracts- aqueous, methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane, methanol extract (MeE) exhibited high antioxidant potential. MeE exhibited 62.28% of DPPH inhibition at 200µg/ml, with total antioxidant activity 164.72 ± 2.63µg/ml and higher absorbance in reducing power assay (1.15 ± 0.03). In vitro antidiabetic activity by glucose uptake of yeast cell assay was evaluated and observed dose dependant rise in % of glucose uptake in methanol, ethylacetate and aqueous extracts of A. reticulata. MeE showed 48.55% of glucose uptake at 500µg/ml concentration. Hence the present study could be concluded as A.reticulata leaves possess potent antioxidant activity and antidiabetic activity under in vitro conditions. With the outcome of the present initial study, research work could be extended further; thereby the exact pharmacological action of the plant compounds could be discovered.
Development and Evaluation of Novel Bionanoparticles Loaded with Nanosized Lamotrigine by Using the Novel Isolated Biopolymer from Phaseolus vulgaris Seeds
Authors: Kumar Sushant , Satheesh Madhav Nookala Venkala , Verma Anurag , Pathak Kamla 
Published: July 2021

The aim of this research was to isolate and characterize the novel biopolymer from Phaseolus vulgaris seeds and to formulate lamotrigine loaded bionanoparticles using this biomaterial. The biopolymer was isolated by simplified and economical process and analysed for different physico-chemical and spectral properties. The nanosizing of lamotrigine was done by bath sonication method and its particle size in nano-range was screened by UV method. The bionanosuspension loaded with nanosized lamotrigine was prepared by bath sonication for 15 cycles (1cycle equal to 3 minutes). The formulated bionanosuspension loaded with lamotrigine using biopolymer was compared with lamotrigine loaded bionanosuspension by using HPMC. The bionanosuspension was subjected for pH study, dispersibility study, % entrapment efficiency, nanosizing screening, particle size study and in vitro study for drug release and stability study of formulated bionanosuspension. The best formulation LPVu7 showed up to 90.36 ±0.9% drug release in 36 hours. having t 50% of 17 hours and t80% of 29 hours with r2 value of 0.9927 as compared to release from LSP5 with 92.43±0.68% having t 50% of 16 hours and t80% of 28 hours with r2 value of 0.9951 in 36 hours. The results reveal that isolated biopolymer may be used as an alternative to synthetic polymer because of its novel inbuilt bioretardant cum biostabilizing properties. The formulated bionanosuspension are feasible for delivering the nanosized lamotrigine in sustained manner for prolonged time for long term treatment of epilepsy.
Enhancement of Solubility And Dissolution Profile of Clopidogrel By Various Solid Dispersion Formulations
Authors: Khader Mohammed Abdul , Salfi Roshan 
Published: July 2021

The present research is aimed at enhancing solubility and drug dissolution of clopidogrel (CPG) used as oral antiplatelet agent by employing solid dispersion (SD) technique. Total 40 SDs formulated with drug: polymers (pluronic F127, poloxamer 407, labrafil PG, PEG 6000, gelucire 50/13), in varying ratios (1:0.5, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4) of which CPG1 to CPG20 and CPG21 to CPG40 prepared by adopting solvent evaporation method fusion (melt) method respectively. The formulation CPG40 containing pluronic F127 as polymer showed highest solubility of 6.57±0.04 mg/ml) that is 45 folds than pure drug. Similar results reflected in the dissolution studies where CPG40 containing CPG: pluronic F127 in 1:4 ratio showed maximum % drug content, % practical yield and drug dissolution of 99.14% in 60 minutes when compared with other formulations and pure drug (32.76%) obtained by fusion melt method. From FTIR studies the optimized formulation CPG40 showed the compatibility between drug and polymers. XRD and SEM studies showed CPG40 exists in amorphous form that fetched in better drug release from the SD formulation in comparison to pure drug.
A Comprehensive Review on Self-Nano Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems: Advancements and Applications
Authors: Sokkula Srikanth Reddy , Gande Suresh 
Published: July 2021

Lipid-based drug delivery systems are extensively reported in literature for enhancing the drug solubility, permeability and bioavailability. These systems include simple oil solutions, coarse, multiple and dry emulsions, complex self-emulsifying, microemulsifying or nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems. Self-emulsifying systems are further classified as self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) and self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) are most prevailing and commercially viable oil based approach for drugs that exhibit low dissolution rate and inadequate absorption. Ever since the progress of SNEDDS, they drew the interest of researchers in order to deal with the challenges of poorly water-soluble drugs. SNEDDS is a proven method for enhancing solubility and bioavailability of lipophilic compounds. Considering the ease of large-scale production and the robustness of SNEDDS, several formulations techniques are commercially available. The stability of SNEDDS can be further enhanced by solidifying liquid SNEDDS. Controlled release and supersaturated SNEDDS received patient compliance with larger drug loading. Presence of biodegradable ingredients and ‘drug-targeting opportunities’ facilitate SNEDDS a clear merit and distinction amongst available solubility enhancement techniques. In this article attempt was made to present an overview of SNEDDS, their mechanism, formulation excipients and potentials of SNEDDS, recent advancements, advantages and disadvantages of SNEDDS formulations. The article also focuses on reviewing the application of SNEDDS in enhancing bioavailability of antihypertensive drugs.
Formulation and Evaluation of Flurbiprofen Solid Dispersions Incorporated Buccal Patches
Authors: Sadik Mohammed Jaffer , Khan Abdulla 
Published: July 2021

Flurbiprofen is an anti-inflammatory drug used in treating rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. The present work is aimed at overcoming the deprived solubility of flurbiprofen by solid dispersion (SD) technique. The current paper is the continuance of the published solid dispersion by considering the best final optimized formulation containing flurbiprofen drug: AQOAT AS: SLS as drug: polymer: surfactant in 1:5:2 ratios, and incorporating it into buccal patches to overcome the gastric side effect and attaining sustained drug release. In this study 15 buccal patches were formulated by adopting solvent casting technique using polymers like polyvinyl hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), hydroxypropryl methyl cellulose E15 (HPMC E15), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), carbopol and analyzed for the drug content, drug diffusion, in-vivo dissolution and stability studies. All SD loaded patches displayed superior drug release (95% to 99.96%) over 12 h. The formulation BP14 showed excellent drug release extended over 12 h with drug release of 99.96% whereas marketed formulation which is sustained release Tablet showed 96.86% drug release within 6 h. The drug release kinetics show that the buccal patches follow zero order release kinetics with correlation coefficient (R2) ranging between 0.905-0.971 and BP14 formulation shown best R2 value. All the formulations exhibited best fit to Higuchi model with R2 ranging between 0.9911 – 0.9962 indicating drug release by diffusion process. The results conclude that buccal patches are superior alternatives for flurbiprofen that facilitates enhanced drug release for prolonged period of time in the effective management of rheumatoid arthritis.
El derecho de transformación de la obra musical
Authors: García Trelles Fernández Carmen M. 
Published: July 2021

El artículo pretende dar una visión interdisciplinar de la problemática del derecho de trasformación de la obra musical original y su posible conceptuación como obra derivada. A razón del escaso tratamiento del tema que se hace por el Texto Refundido de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual española, con frecuencia se generan conflictos cuando el autor de una composición original autoriza la incorporación de ésta en otra nueva, ostentando la facultad para que su obra se mantenga totalmente íntegra sin sufrir menoscabo o deformación, una vez que ha consentido su exhibición o explotación. Dentro del contexto jurídico y musicológico se trata de dar un enfoque transversal y establecer criterios objetivos referidos al ámbito musical que, inmersos en la legislación de propiedad intelectual, consigan dar soluciones a las dudas surgidas respecto a la coyuntura actual e intrincada de la delimitación de la transformación de las obras musicales. La hipótesis de partida es la profusión de imprecisiones, la falta de elementos que delimiten con seguridad la variedad de conceptos atribuibles a las obras musicales originales que puedan ser objeto de obra derivada; así como, la procastinación del legislador a la hora de abordar este problema. Se ponen de manifiesto las lagunas existentes y la falta de estudios al respecto en los dos ámbitos, tanto dentro de los estudios musicológicos, como en el tratamiento de la doctrina y la jurisprudencia nacionales que son escasas, también en relación con el derecho comparado.
La importancia de la ciberseguridad y los derechos humanos en el entorno virtual
Authors: Tapia Hernández Erick Francisco , Ruiz Canizales Raúl , Vega Páez Antonio 
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo enfatiza la necesidad de una cultura de la ciberseguridad de los usuarios, ante las amenazas y los riesgos a los que se exponen en el entorno virtual, derivados del desconocimiento y las afectaciones que ello ocasiona, mismas que a simple vista parecen inofensivas, pero que repercuten de forma importante en los derechos humanos de las víctimas como la vida, integridad psicológica, intimidad, privacidad o el patrimonio. Por lo anterior, se mencionan algunas de las amenazas más importantes, se destaca que existen delitos que utilizan como medio de comisión el entorno virtual y que hay delitos que surgen dentro de dicho entorno. Así mismo, se señalan algunos derechos humanos originados desde el entorno virtual, y cuyo reconocimiento por parte de los Estados es necesario para así garantizarlos.
El deber de información en un contrato de cesión de contrato
Authors: Abondano Almeida Paula Andrea 
Published: July 2021

El deber de información es derivado del principio de la buena fe, aplicable en los contratos y exigible para el contratante poseedor de la información y para el que la desconoce, quien debe evitar estado de ignorancia. Este artículo pretende responder porqué, en un evento de responsabilidad en una cesión de contrato, merece mayor reproche la conducta del cesionario negligente, quien no solicita la información pertinente respecto del contrato cedido, frente a su co-contratante poseedor de dicha información, y que no la entrega intencionalmente. Para determinar el alcance del deber de información a cargo de los contratantes, se hace una revisión de normas jurídicas, doctrina, jurisprudencia y el estudio de los deberes de información, diligencia, lealtad, prohibición de ir en contra de los actos propios, concluyendo que la negligencia y la violación del deber de auto-información no merecen protección jurídica.
Isolation and Selection of Purple Non-Sulfur Bacteria for Nutrient Rich Biomass Production from Wastes
Authors: Minh Do Binh , Hai Pham The 
Published: July 2021

Purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) are anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, which are able to photoheterotrophically grow in the presence of excessive nutrients. Hence, PNSB can convert organic components, in waste waters into nutrient rich biomass. This suggests the feasibility of converting wastes into valuable products. In this research, method for isolation of PNSB was optimized, and subsequently used for the isolation of PNSB from domestic waste and pond water samples taken in Hanoi. In addition, the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources and types of waste on biomass and nutrients (protein and carotenes) were also investigated. Four PNSB strains were isolated and based on comparative 16S rDNA analysis and their morphological characteristics, they were identified as Rhodobacter (Rb.) capsulatus, Rhodobacter (Rb.) sphaeroides, Rhodobacter (Rb.) sediminis and Rhodopseudomonas (Rp.) palustris. In terms of the effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on their biomass and nutrient production, glucose or maltose and ammonium chloride or urea were found to be more enhancive than starch and peptone, respectively. Among the studied strains, Rb. capsulatus MD1 and Rb. sphaeroides MD3 showed significantly higher biomass production (up to 0.7 g/l) when growing with various carbon and nitrogen sources, in comparison with the other strains. Moreover, MD1 and MD3 also produced at least four-fold more carotenoid and up to two-fold more protein in tofu processing wastewater compared with the other wastewater. The results suggest potential applications of the PNSB strains for efficient conversions of organic compounds in wastes into biomass of high nutritional values.
Taxillus Thibetensis (Lecomte) Danser (Loranthaceae) a New Record Species For Flora of Vietnam
Authors: Le Chi Toan , Nguyen Van Du , Pham Thu Lan , Le Thi Ngat , Liu Bing 
Published: July 2021

Taxillus thibetensis (Lecomte) Danser (Loranthaceae), a species previously known only from China, is newly recorded from Vietnam. A specimen discovered in the rainforest of Lao Cai province, Northern Vietnam was identified as Taxillus thibetensis based on both morphological and molecular data. The Vietnamese individuals of Taxillus thibetensis are closely related to T. thibetensis in China. A detailed description, illustration and data on distribution, ecology, phenology of Vietnamese Taxillus thibetensis are provided