bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PROMOTING THE EXPORT OF HIGH TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS BY THE US PROCESSING INDUSTRY
Authors: Minat V. N. 
Published: June 2021

The trade policy pursued by the US government certainly provides as one of the most important measures to stimulate the export of those commodity groups that determine the development of the country's economy, shape its innovative nature and the possibilities for the expansionist promotion of American capital in the global, global geo-economic space. Such goods include high tech products of the American manufacturing industry, the forms, means, tools and methods of export promotion of which are the subject of this study. Having studied the evolutionary dynamics of the volume and structure of the stimulating elements of export regulation of American high-tech products for the period 1946–2019, we identified long-term trends characterizing the effective combination of assistance, encouragement, assistance and support to national exporters of the relevant commodity groups in the foreign trade activities of the United States. Based on the results of the study, conclusions are drawn about the unconditional priority of stimulating the export of high-tech products of the US manufacturing industry during the entire period under consideration, characterized by a flexible combination of the use of appropriate forms, means, tools and methods of this stimulation. The author emphasizes the primacy of expediency and efficiency in the choice of directions for the expansionary promotion of high-tech products of the American economy to the foreign market, which, of course, is of practical interest for Russian use.
The Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane Model: A Research
Approach for Ex Vivo and In Vivo Experiments
Authors: Fraguas-Sánchez Ana Isabel , Martín-Sabroso Cristina , Torres-Suárez Ana Isabel 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model has attracted
a great deal of interest in pharmaceutical and biological research as an alternative or complimentary
in vivo assay to animal models. Traditionally, CAM assay has been widely
used to perform some toxicological studies, specifically to evaluate the skin, ocular and
embryo toxicity of new drugs and formulations, and to perform angiogenesis studies. Due
to the possibility to generate the tumors onto the CAM, this model has also become an
excellent strategy to evaluate the metastatic potential of different tumours and to test the
efficacy of novel anticancer therapies in vivo. Moreover, in the recent years, its use has
considerably grown in other research areas, including the evaluation of new anti-infective
agents, the development of biodistribution studies and in tissue engineering research.

Objectives:
This manuscript provides a critical overview of the use of CAM model in
pharmaceutical and biological research, especially to test the toxicity of new drugs and
formulations and the biodistribution and the efficacy of novel anticancer and antiinfective
therapies, analyzing its advantages and disadvantages in comparison to animal
models.

Conclusion:
The chick chorioallantoic membrane model shows a great utility in several
research areas, such as cancer, toxicology, biodistribution studies and anti-infective therapies.
In fact, it has become an intermediate stage between in vitro experiments and animal
studies, and, in the case of toxicological studies (skin and ocular toxicity), it has even replaced
the animal models.
SPECTRAL EVALUATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SYNTHESIZED 4H-1,4-BENZOTHIAZINES
Authors: GOYAL ARUN 
Published: June 2021

Objective: 4H-1,4-Benzothiazines constitute an important class of heterocycles containing 1,4-thiazine ring fused to benzene ring. They are extensively used as tranquilizer, antispasmodic, central nervous system depressant, antiulcer, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer agents, fungicides, etc. Therefore, these observations prompted us to synthesize substituted 4H-1,4-benzothiazines and investigate their antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial and fungal strains.
Methods: In the present research work, 2-Amino-3,5,6-trichlorobenzenethiol condensed with β-diketones/β-ketoesters in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide followed by oxidative cyclisation leading to the formation of 4H-1,4-benzothiazines. The spectral investigation confirmed the synthesis of these bioactive compounds. All synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity (antibacterial and antifungal) using agar well diffusion method.
Results: The minimum inhibitory concentration values of synthesized compounds gave excellent results against bacterial as well as fungal strains (Escherichia coli [Gram negative] MTCC 2939, 58–158 μg/mL, Bacillus subtilis [Gram positive] MTCC 441, 41–124 μg/mL, Streptomyces griseus [Gram negative] MTCC 1998, 85–128 μg/mL, Fusarium oxysporum MTCC 1755, 142–151 μg/mL, Aspergillus niger MTCC 281, 59–78 μg/mL, and Rhizopus stolonifer MTCC 2591, 85–118 μg/mL).
Conclusion: Synthesized substituted benzothiazines have potential to be used as a new class of antibacterial and antifungal drugs. Further biomedical research is required to make 4H-1,4-benzothiazines related compounds as potential antibacterial and antifungal drugs.
Replacement of Sedentary Behavior by Various Daily-Life Physical Activities and Structured Exercises: Genetic Risk and Incident Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Li Xiang , Zhou Tao , Ma Hao , Liang Zhaoxia , Fonseca Vivian A. , Qi Lu 
Published: June 2021

OBJECTIVE
To prospectively analyze the association of sedentary behavior time with type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk and perform the isotemporal substitution analyses to estimate the effect of substitution of sedentary behaviors by equal time of different types of daily-life physical activities and structured exercise. We also examined modifications by the genetic predisposition to T2D.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We included 475,502 participants free of T2D in the UK Biobank. Sedentary time was quantified by summing up the time spent on television watching, computer use, and driving.

RESULTS
During a median follow-up of 11 years, we documented 18,169 incident T2D cases. In comparison of the extreme categories (≥6 vs. &lt;2 h/day), the hazard ratio for T2D was 1.58 (95% CI 1.47, 1.71) after adjustment for age, race, sex, lifestyle factors, and other covariates. Replacing 30 min of sedentary behavior per day with an equal amount of time of different types of daily-life activities and structured exercise was significantly associated with a 6–31% risk reduction of T2D, with strenuous sports showing the strongest (31%, 95% CI 24, 37) benefit. Moreover, we found a significant interaction between sedentary behavior and genetic predisposition for the risk of T2D (Pinteraction = 0.0008). The association was more profound among participants with a lower genetic risk of T2D.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study indicates that sedentary behavior time is associated with an increased risk of T2D; replacing sedentary behavior with a short duration (30 min/day) of daily-life physical activities or structured exercise is related to a significant reduction in T2D risk. Furthermore, such association was stronger among those with a lower genetic risk of T2D.
RENDRE PUBLIC OU TWEETER SUR LA PIERRE
Authors: OUVRARD-SERVANTON Marie 
Published: June 2021

To make public or twitting in stone. The aim of this article is to study three ways to make a message public: tweets, videos of discourses posted on Daily Motion and the publication of a book at the beginning of the twentieth century where sentences were drawn as tweets with a pencil on stone by a shepherd. Through the anthropological analysis of signs production and diffusion, we observe the permeability between the private and the public field, the influence of the writing and the oral activity as well as the distinctions between the published, the public, and the popularity of these three mentioned forms.
REZUMAT. A face public sau tweets de piatră. Scopul acestui articol este de a studia trei modalități de a face un mesaj public: postările pe Twitter, videourile discursurilor postate pe Daily Motion și publicarea, la începutul secolului al XX-lea, a unei cărți în care propozițiile sunt desenate cu creionul, ca tweets, de către un cioban. Prin analiza antropologică a producerii și difuzării semnelor, observăm permeabilitatea dintre domeniul privat și public, influența scrisului și a activității orale, precum și distincțiile dintre ceea ce este publicat, publicul și popularitatea celor trei forme menționate mai sus.
Cuvinte-cheie: tweet, video, producția de semne, antropologie, urme comunicaționale
STATE OF THE ART CROWFUNDING DALAM KONTEKS KEUANGAN ENTREPRENEURIAL (Studi Pemetaan Sistematis dan Analisis Co-Authorship Pada Basis Data Scopus)
Authors: Purnomo Margo , Maulana Yogi Sugiarto , - Sugiartana , Tjahjono Endro 
Published: June 2021

This article aims to examine the state-of-the-art or the latest developments and achievements in the field of crowdfunding in the context of entrepreneurial finance (CF-EF). For this reason, systematic mapping studies (SMS) and bibliometric studies in the Scopus database are used. The SMS output shows that 69 documents met the inclusion criteria, the start of publication recorded in 2013 and the dominant author from Europe in the Q1 journal. Articles focusing on equity-based crowdfunding (CF) studies as well as articles in the category evaluation paper dominate the document. Furthermore, the bibliometric study output with co-authorship analysis on VOSviewer application shows that the cohesiveness of the authors in publishing CF-EF was reached starting in 2018 and 8 groups of authors' collaboration were identified. Author's collaboration until early 2020 generally exploits equity-based CFs. While donation-based CF, credit-based CF and dedicated-based CF need further exploration. Although relying on one database, this study has revealed a CF-EF map that can be an initial reference for further research to advance CF-EF. Artikel ini bertujuan mengkaji state-of-the-art atau perkembangan dan pencapaian terkini di bidang crowdfunding dalam konteks entrepreneurial finance (CF-EF). Untuk itu, systematic mapping study (SMS) dan bibliometric study pada basis data Scopus digunakan. Output SMS menunjukkan bahwa 69 dokumen memenuhi kriteria inklusi, awal publikasi terdata pada tahun 2013 dan penulis dominan dari Eropa pada jurnal Q1. Artikel dengan fokus kajian equity-based crowdfunding (CF) serta artikel berkategori evaluation paper mendominasi dokumen. Selanjutnya, output bibliometric study dengan analisis co-authorship pada aplikasi VOSviewer menunjukkan bahwa kohesivitas penulis dalam memublikasikan CF-EF tercapai mulai tahun 2018 dan teridentifikasi 8 kelompok kolaborasi penulis. Kolaborasi penulis sampai awal 2020 umumnya mengeksploitasi tentang equity-based CF. Sementara donation-based CF, credit-based CF dan dedicated-based CF perlu eksplorasi lebih lanjut. Walaupun mengandalkan satu basis data, penelitian ini telah mengungkap peta CF-EF yang dapat menjadi rujukan awal penelitian selanjutnya untuk memajukan CF-EF.
ANALISIS KEBERADAAN PASAR MODERN DI DAERAH DESTINASI WISATA (Studi di Kabupaten Pangandaran, Jawa Barat)
Authors: Hermanto Bambang , - Suryanto , Dai Ratna Meisa 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze the existence of modern markets in terms of geographical, demographic, spatial planning, tourism potential, and rules of its founding. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of exploratory research. This research was conducted in the tourist area of Pangandaran Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. Primary data sources were obtained from observations, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions, while secondary data were obtained from scientific articles and other related documents. The results showed that in Pangandaran Regency, the number of modern markets in operation included: Indomaret 58%, Alfamart 34%, Yomart 4%, Kuckmart, and Srikaton respectively 2%. When viewed from the geographical, demographic, spatial and regional planning, tourism potential, and the rules for establishing a modern market, the existence of a modern market is still needed with a few notes. First, the location distribution has not been evenly distributed to all tourist distillation areas. Second, there are some rules that are violated both in the rules of the establishment and operating hours. The impact of these problems will affect micro and small businesses And services to tourist visitors. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keberadaan pasar modern ditinjau dari aspek geografis, demografis, rencana tata ruang, potensi wisata, dan aturan pendirianya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian eksploratif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di daerah wisata Kabupaten Pangandaran, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Sumber data primer diperoleh dari observasi, wawancara mendalam dan focus group discussion, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari artikel ilmiah dan dokumen terkait lainnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Kabupaten Pangandaran jumlah pasar modern yang beroperasi, antara lain : Indomaret 58%, Alfamart 34%, Yomart 4%, Kuckmart, dan Srikaton masing-masing 2%. Apabila ditinjau dari aspek geografis, demografis, rencana tata ruang dan wilayah, potensi wisata, serta aturan pendirian pasar modern, maka keberadaan pasar modern masih dibutuhkan dengan beberapa catatan. Pertama, distribusi lokasi belum merata ke seluruh wilayah distinasi wisata. Kedua, ada beberapa peraturan yang dilanggar baik dalam aturan pendirian maupun jam operasional. Dampak dari masalah tersebut berakibat kepada para pelaku usaha mikro dan kecil dan pelayanan kepada pengunjung wisata.
ACTIVITY BASED COSTING: METODE AKURAT MENENTUKAN BIAYA SEWA KAMAR HOTEL
Authors: - Suryanto , Rasmini Mas , Lidwina Thealice 
Published: June 2021

Every company has an interest in calculating the cost of production. Cost of production is a way to calculate the costs used in producing a product. This study aims to analyze the calculation of the cost of the production method used by the hotel and determine the cost of production calculated by the method of activity-based costing (ABC). The method used in this research is a quantitative method. Data collected through observation, unstructured interviews, and literature study. The results of this study indicate that the calculation of the cost of production of hotel rooms conducted by the company occurred under costing for standard, superior, and superior plus types of rooms. As for the type of family room, family plus, and family-standard over costing occurs. The difference in the calculation results occurs because the calculation method by the company has not been done in detail as in the ABC method.Setiap perusahaan berkepentingan terhadap perhitungan harga pokok produksi. Harga pokok produksi adalah cara untuk menghitung biaya yang digunakan dalam menghasilkan suatu produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perhitungan metode harga pokok produksi yang digunakan pihak hotel dan mengetahui harga pokok produksi yang dihitung dengan metode Activity Based Costing (ABC). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara tidak terstruktur, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perhitungan harga pokok produksi kamar hotel yang dilakukan oleh pihak perusahaan terjadi undercosting untuk jenis kamar standard, superior, dan superior plus. Sedangkan untuk jenis kamar family, family plus, dan family standard terjadi overcosting. Perbedaan hasil perhitungan tersebut terjadi karena dalam metode perhitungan yang dilakukan perusahaan belum dilakukan secara detail sebagaimana dalam metode ABC.
PENGARUH GAMIFICATION VERSI “SHOPEE TANAM” TERHADAP CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT APLIKASI MOBILE SHOPEE INDONESIA (SURVEI PADA PENGGUNA FITUR SHOPEE IN APP GAMES DI KOTA BANDUNG)
Authors: Taruli Apriana Elizabeth , Chan Arianis , Tresna Pratami Wulan 
Published: June 2021

The phenomenon of e-commerce that is increasingly numerous in Indonesia, has caused many e-commerce companies compete to increase engagement with their consumers, one of them is by using a gamification strategy. This study aims to determine the effect of gamification on customer engagement in Shopee Indonesia mobile application. The research method used in this research is descriptive analysis verification with survey design. The results showed that the gamification strategy applied by Shopee Indonesia through the Shopee Tanam has been implemented properly through six elements, namely social interaction, sense of control, goals, progress tracking, rewards, and prompts.The calculation results also explain that gamification has a significant positive effect on customer engagement on the Shopee Indonesia mobile application. A well-implemented gamification strategy has implications for changing consumer behavior, such as extending time spent and engagement one-commerce applications to achieve meaningful long-term goals for the company. Fenomena semakin berkembangnya industri e-commerce di Indonesia menyebabkan banyak perusahaan e-commerce berlomba-lomba untuk meningkatkan engagement dengan para konsumennya, salah satunya dengan menggunakan strategi gamification Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gamification terhadap customer engagement pada aplikasi mobile Shopee Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif verifikatif dengan desain survei.Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa strategi gamification yang diterapkan oleh Shopee Indonesia melalui permainan Shopee Tanam telah diimplementasikan dengan baik melalui enam elemen, yaitu social interaction, sense of control, goals, progress tracking, rewards, dan prompts. Hasil perhitungan menjelaskan bahwa gamification memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap customer engagement pada aplikasi mobile Shopee Indonesia. Strategi gamification yang diterapkan dengan baik memberikan implikasi terhadap perubahan pola perilaku tertentu yang dilakukan oleh konsumen yaitu memperpanjang time spent dan engagement pada aplikasi e-commerce untuk mencapai tujuan jangka panjang yang bermakna bagi perusahaan.
MANAJEMEN KREDIT PEMILIKAN RUMAH UNTUK MEMINIMALISIR KREDIT MACET PADA PT BANK TABUNGAN NEGARA (PERSERO) TBK.
Authors: Simatupang Apriani , Yanti Etyca Rizky , Mardila Nuke 
Published: June 2021

This study aims to determine the management of housings loans to minimize nonperforming loans at PT Bank Tabungan Negara Tbk (Case Study of the DKI Jakarta). The research method used in this research is descriptive analysis method with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using interview and observation. After the data is collected, then systematically arrange, it is type of debitor, type of credit, credit term, requairement of credit, credit management in this case control using the 5C principle (Character, Capacity, Capital, Collateral, Condition), credit decisions and credit agreements. After the data is compiled systematically then concluded. The results of the study are that there are 2 (two) types of Bank BTN Debitors are regular BTN and priority BTN. In 2019, control credit management BTN DKI Jakarta branch is non effective, this is seen from the result of NPL increased to 4,83% while in 2018 only 2,56%. The NPL increased was dominated because debitors experienced disasters such as floods. Nevertheless, the risk base BTN rating is still at a good, and including a healthy bank, in accordance with Bank Indonesia nomore than 5%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manajemen kredit pemilikan rumah untuk meminimalisir kredit macet pada PT Bank Tabungan Negara Tbk (Studi Kasus Cabang DKI Jakarta). Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara dan observasi. Setelah data dikumpulkan kemudian disusun secara sistematis yakni: jenis debitur, jeniskredit, jangka waktu kredit, persyaratan umum kredit, manajemen kredit dalam hal ini pengendalian kredit menggunakan prinsip 5C (Character, Capacity, Capital, Collateral, Condition), Keputusan Kredit dan Akad Kredit. Setelah data disusun secara sistematis lalu ditarik kesimpulan. Hasil Penelitian yang diperoleh yakni Tipe Debitur pada Bank BTN terdiri dari 2(dua) yakni BTN Reguler dan BTN prioritas. Manajemen kredit tahun 2019 pada Bank Tabungan Negara cabang DKI Jakarta dalam hal pengendalian kredit masih kurang efektif dilihat dari hasil pengukuran NPL tahun 2019 mengalami peningkatan menjadi 4,83% dibandinkan pada tahun 2018 sebesar 2,56%. Peningkatan NPL tersebut didominasi karena debitur mengalami bencana seperti banjir. Meskipun demikian, tingkat kesehatan Bank Tabungan Negara Cabang DKI Jakarta masih pada ambang batas termasuk bank yang sehat, sesuai ketetapan Bank Indonesia tidak lebih dari 5%.
THE CONTINUUM OF TERENGGANU DIALECT ALONG THE EAST COAST MALAYSIA: A GEOLINGUISTIC STUDY
Authors: Jalaluddin Nor Hashimah , Wan Halim Wan Athirah Adilah , Saari Khairul Ashraaf 
Published: June 2021

Background and Purpose: One of the eminent Malay dialects on the east coast is the Terengganu dialect which is argued to have some linguistic peculiarities. The prominent characteristics are nasal modification, nasal deletion, fricative modification, liquid deletion and monophthongization. These dialectal features are very much different from the standard Malay.

Methodology: This research involved a fieldwork at 52 village points with the participation of 500 informants. They were interviewed and requested to fill in the questionnaires.

Findings: The findings prove that the Terengganu dialectal features are widely used and progressed to southward. Hence the distribution overtly formed a continuum of Terengganu dialect. Non-linguistic factors such as history, socioeconomics and topography also play essential roles in regulating the distribution of this dialect. Historically, Terengganu was regarded as the centre of civilization with the discovery of the inscription stone as early as 1303AD. Its sea served as the silk road for the Chinese merchants. In addition, Terengganu people were expert in making vessels and they are skillful sailors as well. Furthermore, the flatlands along the coast amplifies the movement and dissemination of this dialect.

Contributions: A geolinguistic study presented in this article provides some novel insights into how the Terengganu dialect dispersed, and the dialect continuum was formed using GIS technology.

Keywords: Dialect continuum, east-coast, geolinguistics, Terengganu dialect, topography.

Cite as: Jalaluddin, N. H., Wan Halim, W. A. A., & Saari, K. A. (2021). The continuum of Terengganu dialect along the east coast Malaysia: A geolinguistic study. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 176-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp176-198