bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artificial biocrust establishment on materials of potash tailings piles along a salinity gradient
Authors: Sommer V. , Palm A. , Schink A. , Leinweber P. , Gose N. , Karsten U. , Glaser K. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Biocrust communities provide a pallet of ecosystem services, such as soil stabilization, altering of hydrological cycles and primary production, and often are the first colonizers of unvegetated surfaces during succession. Therefore, artificially establishing biocrusts can improve soil properties, for example, by stabilizing bare soil surfaces against erosion or by accumulating nutrients. In this study, the establishment of artificial biocrusts was tested for the restoration of potash tailings piles that result from potash fertilizer production and mostly consist of NaCl. A biocrust cover as primary vegetation could decrease the saline seepage waters by trapping rainwaters, thereby reducing the environmental pollution. In a laboratory experiment, we created a salt gradient by mixing the tailings materials with non-saline dune sand. Surface material of the abandoned potash tailings pile Neuhof-Ellers (NE) and material of the Infiltration Hampering Stratum (IHS) were tested, along with a treatment with bone charplus (BCplus) and sodium alginate. A mixture of 50% (w/w) IHS and dune sand was most successful for the establishment of green biocrust microalgae, based on increased biomass and photosynthetic performance. The chlorophyll a content was negatively correlated with the electrical conductivity (EC), and was significantly increased in the BCplus and sodium alginate treatment, while biocrusts failed to establish on pure tailings piles substrates. The limit of the substrates EC for biocrust establishment was 35 mS cm−1. This limit provides a baseline for future studies that should use BCplus and sodium alginate to increase the success of biocrust establishment on potash tailings piles.
Impacts of large-scale landscape restoration on spatio-temporal dynamics of ecosystem services in the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Chen Hao , Fleskens Luuk , Schild Johanna , Moolenaar Simon , Wang Fei , Ritsema Coen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Context
From 1999 onwards, China has initiated a large-scale landscape restoration project in the Chinese Loess Plateau, which has had profound but variable impacts on the local ecosystem services supply. The dynamics of ecosystem services throughout the restoration process remain poorly understood.

Objectives
To analyze the spatial and temporal dynamics in ecosystem services before and after the implementation of the land restoration project, and to understand trade-offs and synergies between multiple ecosystem services.

Methods
We used the InVEST model and statistical yearbook data to quantify the ecosystem services over the period 1990–2018 for the Yan’an area and applied the concept of ecosystem service bundles to understand the dynamics of 11 ecosystem services over its 13 constituent counties.

Results
A significant increase of fruit production, sediment retention, habitat quality, aesthetic landscape value, and learning and inspiration value was found over time in the Yan’an area, while a decrease of timber production and water yield was also observed. The majority of the county-level ecosystem service bundles were transformed from having a focus on timber production to aesthetic landscape value. The dynamics of ecosystem services change induced by land restoration was discovered to start with increasing regulating services at the expense of provisioning services, while cultural services exceeded regulating services and occupied the main proportion subsequently.

Conclusion
Both trade-offs and synergies were found between provisioning, regulating and cultural services. Implementation of the large-scale restoration project is recognized as a key driving force inducing change of ecosystem services, starting with an improvement of regulating services followed by a gradually evolving prominence of cultural services.
Designing for robot-mediated interaction among culturally and linguistically diverse children
Authors: Kim Yanghee , Marx Sherry , Pham Hung Viet , Nguyen Tung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis qualitative study explored the design and implementation of a humanoid social robot that mediated collaborative interactions among culturally and linguistically diverse kindergarten children in a US school. The robotic mediation was designed to help children have positive interactions with one another. The study was grounded in theories of childhood development, intercultural communication, and culturally responsive pedagogy. Design research and ethnographic qualitative research methods were used to design, test, and improve the robot’s mediation skills over a ten-week period of active use in a real-world classroom setting. Findings describe the challenges we faced in designing robot-mediated interaction activities as well as the solutions we implemented through repeated ethnographic observations, summarized as (1) anticipating children’s communication styles with flexible design, (2) inviting children to participate with personalized, friend-like communication, (3) enhancing engagement with familiar contexts, and (4) embracing language diversity with a bilingual robot.
Der Unterschied zwischen Sagen und Tun beim Trainingsfleiß
Authors: Müller Gerhard , Kunst Felix , Stutzig Norman , Heinzel-Gutenbrenner Monika , Bombana Manuela , Giurgiu Marco , Bös Klaus , Jekauc Darko 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Gesundheit, Freude/Spaß, Figur und Gesellschaft sind Motive für sportliche Aktivitäten. Es ist unklar, welcher Zusammenhang zwischen ihrer Ausprägung, Alter, Geschlecht, Schmerzen und Trainingsumfang besteht.

Material und Methoden
In dieser Untersuchung wurden 792 sportlich aktive Männer und Frauen (68 % Frauen und 32 % Männer, Alter M = 53,5 Jahren, SD = 11,9, Range 24–85 Jahre) zur Ausprägung ihrer Motive für sportliche Aktivitäten, ihren Rückenschmerzen und dem Trainingsumfang ihrer sportlichen Aktivitäten befragt. Zur Überprüfung der Effekte auf den Trainingsumfang wurden Regressionsanalysen gerechnet.

Ergebnisse
Das Motiv Gesundheit war bei Männern und Frauen das stärkste Motiv für ihre sportlichen Aktivitäten, ohne einen signifikanten Effekt auf den Trainingsumfang zu haben. Bei Frauen hatten die Motive Freude (BFreude = 0,23, t = 3,6, p < 0,001, r = 0,25), Figur (BFigur = 0,127, t = 2,0, p = 0,05, r = 0,16) und Alter (BAlter = 0,03, t = 2,5, p = 0,01, r = 0,17) einen kleinen (Figur, Alter) bis mittleren Effekt (Freude) auf den Trainingsumfang. Bei Männern hatten nur Rückenschmerzen einen signifikanten positiven Effekt (BRückenschmerzen = 1,4, t = 4,2, p < 0,001, r = 0,35) auf den Trainingsumfang (starker Effekt).

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung
Bei sportlich aktiven Frauen fördert die beim Training empfundene Freude (intrinsische Motivation) und der Wunsch nach einer besseren Figur (introjizierte Regulation = externen Anforderungen entsprechen) den Trainingsumfang. Für sportlich aktive Männer steht möglicherweise die Lösung des gesundheitlichen Problems im Vordergrund: Je größer das Problem (Rückenschmerzen) desto höher ist der Trainingsumfang. Vermutlich haben sie die Erfahrung gemacht, dass körperliches Training die Rückenschmerzen reduziert.
2DPackLib: a two-dimensional cutting and packing library
Authors: Iori Manuel , de Lima Vinícius Loti , Martello Silvano , Monaci Michele 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwo-dimensional cutting and packing problems model a large number of relevant industrial applications.The literature on practical algorithms for such problems is very large. We introduce the , a library on two-dimensional orthogonal cutting and packing problems. The library makes available, in a unified format, 25 benchmarks from the literature for a total of over 3000 instances, provides direct links to surveys and typologies, and includes a list of relevant links.
Analysis of banana and cocoa export commodities in food system transformation, with special reference to certification schemes as drivers of change
Authors: Alho Carlos F. B. V. , da Silva Amanda F. , Hendriks Chantal M. J. , Stoorvogel Jetse J. , Oosterveer Peter J. M. , Smaling Eric M. A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFood systems analysis is increasingly being applied to understand relations between production, distribution, and consumption of food products, the drivers that influence the system, and the outcomes that show how well the food system performs on health and nutrition, on environmental sustainability, and on income and inclusiveness. Little attention has gone to the position of global export commodities, where production and consumption are far apart. Banana in Costa Rica and cocoa in Cote d’Ivoire were the subject of this study to find out what major drivers determine the functioning of these systems. Next to identifying drivers such as population growth and increased plant disease pressure, it was found that the typical far-away setting and different living conditions between producer and consumer countries required a special eye on governance as a tripartite arena (government, private sector, civil society) with their power relations, and on certification schemes as a driver that follows from corporate social responsibility. The certification schemes addressed cover all food system outcomes, although health and nutrition in a less conspicuous way. The descriptions of the functioning of the schemes were also linked to living wages and incomes for banana plantation workers in Costa Rica and cocoa smallholder farmers in Côte d’Ivoire. Although very meaningful, certification schemes so far do not prove to be a silver bullet, but they do have the potential, in combination with other measures, to help positive food system transformations.
Association between diabetes and acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, non-Hopkin lymphoma, and multiple myeloma
Authors: Zhao Ji Zhong , Lu Yu Cheng , Wang Yan Min , Xiao Bo Lian , Li Hong Yan , Lee Shao Chin , Wang Li Juan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
Diabetes increases the risk for cancers. However, whether it is associated with hematologic malignancies is not clear. The present study investigated the association between diabetes and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (ML), non-Hopkin lymphoma (NHL), and multiple myeloma (MM).

Methods
Newly diagnosed adult cancer patients were recruited consecutively from our clinical database. Peoples from a local enterprise were recruited to create a small-scale population-based dataset. We compared the diabetes prevalence between the cancer patients and the local people; an increase in diabetes prevalence in the cancer patients suggests an association between diabetes and the cancer(s).

Results
We found that the prevalence of diabetes was 19.7%, 21.3%, 12.5%, and 12.0% in ALL, AML, NHL, and MM, respectively, which was higher than that (9.1%) in the local people. Despite that there were more male than female cancer patients, there were more female than male diabetic patients. The increase in diabetes prevalence occurred in ALL and NHL patients aged 18 to 39 years old as well as in AML patients over 40. In MM patients, the increase in diabetes prevalence (18.6%) occurred only in females. Approximately 70% of the diabetic patients were undiagnosed before the diagnosis of the blood cancer. Approximately half of the pre-existing diabetic patients had anti-diabetic treatment, with over 70% of them still had poor glycemic control.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that diabetes is associated with ALL, AML, NHL, and MM, at least in adult patients.
Exploring Gender Roles in Highly Religious Families
Authors: Leavitt Chelom E. , Allsop David B. , Price Amber A. , Marks Loren D. , Dollahite David C. 
Published: October 2021

Background Many world religions explicitly and/or implicitly promote gender hierarchy and the patriarchal nature of gender roles is a nearly universal theme within these traditions. Notwithstanding the hierarchical patterns often apparent in religiously defined gender roles, complementarity in gender roles is also an essential characteristic of many religions. Purpose Religious teachings regarding gender roles may dualistically foster relational health or cause relational harm—depending on the particular teachings and, perhaps most saliently, depending on how religious teachings are applied and lived out within marriages and families. We aim to explore, through interviews with highly religious wives and husbands, the influences and meanings that wives’ and husbands’ religious beliefs and practices have in connection with their perspectives and lived experience of gender roles in the context of marriage and family life. Methods We conducted in-depth, qualitative interviews with 198 individuals using a racially and ethnically diverse sample consisting of Muslim, Christian, and Jewish families (N = 476 individuals). Questions regarding gender within relationships were not included on the interview questionnaire but gender-related issues spontaneously surfaced in many of the interviews. Participants’ comments involving gender were identified using NVivo 12 software and were then qualitatively analyzed using a team-based methodology (Marks in Current Psychol, 34(3): 494-505, 2015). Results Two themes addressing the nexus of gender and religion were identified: Theme 1: Sanctity and Complementary Gender Roles in Sexual Relations; Theme 2: Interpreting and Safeguarding Gender Roles. Primary data excerpts are presented to illustrate each theme and implications and applications are discussed. Conclusions and Implications Professionals and individuals may examine how religious doctrine is translated into gender attitudes and roles. As individuals understand the many ways highly religious families view gender, gender roles, and gender attitudes, they may be open to examining a wider range of gender interpretations that still remain consistent with their doctrine.
NASA concept vehicles and the engineering of advanced air mobility aircraft
Authors: Johnson W. , Silva C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNASA is conducting investigations in Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) aircraft and operations. AAM missions are characterised by ranges below 300 nm, including rural and urban operations, passenger carrying as well as cargo delivery. Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a subset of AAM and is the segment that is projected to have the most economic benefit and be the most difficult to develop. The NASA Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology project is developing UAM VTOL aircraft designs that can be used to focus and guide research activities in support of aircraft development for emerging aviation markets. These NASA concept vehicles encompass relevant UAM features and technologies, including propulsion architectures, highly efficient yet quiet rotors, and aircraft aerodynamic performance and interactions. The configurations adopted are generic, intentionally different in appearance and design detail from prominent industry arrangements. Already these UAM concept aircraft have been used in numerous engineering investigations, including work on meeting safety requirements, achieving good handling qualities, and reducing noise below helicopter certification levels. Focusing on the concept vehicles, observations are made regarding the engineering of Advanced Air Mobility aircraft.
Chaotic systems learning with hybrid echo state network/proper orthogonal decomposition based model
Authors: Lesjak Mathias , Doan Nguyen Anh Khoa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We explore the possibility of combining a knowledge-based reduced order model (ROM) with a reservoir computing approach to learn and predict the dynamics of chaotic systems. The ROM is based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) with Galerkin projection to capture the essential dynamics of the chaotic system while the reservoir computing approach used is based on echo state networks (ESNs). Two different hybrid approaches are explored: one where the ESN corrects the modal coefficients of the ROM (hybrid-ESN-A) and one where the ESN uses and corrects the ROM prediction in full state space (hybrid-ESN-B). These approaches are applied on two chaotic systems: the Charney–DeVore system and the Kuramoto–Sivashinsky equation and are compared to the ROM obtained using POD/Galerkin projection and to the data-only approach based uniquely on the ESN. The hybrid-ESN-B approach is seen to provide the best prediction accuracy, outperforming the other hybrid approach, the POD/Galerkin projection ROM, and the data-only ESN, especially when using ESNs with a small number of neurons. In addition, the influence of the accuracy of the ROM on the overall prediction accuracy of the hybrid-ESN-B is assessed rigorously by considering ROMs composed of different numbers of POD modes. Further analysis on how hybrid-ESN-B blends the prediction from the ROM and the ESN to predict the evolution of the system is also provided.
Functional outcomes of early laryngeal cancer – endoscopic laser surgery versus external beam radiotherapy: a systematic review
Authors: Boyle K , Jones S 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveCurrent evidence suggests there is no difference between endoscopic laser surgery and radiotherapy with regards to oncological outcomes of early laryngeal cancer. Patient management may therefore be directed towards voice and quality of life outcomes. This systematic review compares functional outcomes with respect to voice character, swallowing outcomes and quality of life for endoscopic laser surgery versus radiotherapy for T1 and T2 stage laryngeal carcinoma.MethodSearch terminology was designed by both authors and used in Cochrane, PubMed and Web of Science databases. Studies of adult patients treated for primary T1 and T2 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma utilising one objective (validated) measure of quality of life, swallowing or voice were included.ResultsInitial searches identified 1767 studies. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 42 studies were identified for full-text review.ConclusionThis review concluded that neither treatment is clearly advantageous. Future research should be composed of further prospective studies that use a standardised assessment regime to allow valid comparison.
Lichen algae: the photosynthetic partners in lichen symbioses
Authors: Sanders William B. , Masumoto Hiroshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA review of algal (including cyanobacterial) symbionts associated with lichen-forming fungi is presented. General aspects of their biology relevant to lichen symbioses are summarized. The genera of algae currently believed to include lichen symbionts are outlined; approximately 50 can be recognized at present. References reporting algal taxa in lichen symbiosis are tabulated, with emphasis on those published since the 1988 review by Tschermak-Woess, and particularly those providing molecular evidence for their identifications. This review is dedicated in honour of Austrian phycologist Elisabeth Tschermak-Woess (1917–2001), for her numerous and significant contributions to our knowledge of lichen algae (some published under the names Elisabeth Tschermak and Liesl Tschermak).
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in slaughtered pigs in England
Authors: Smith R. P. , Sharma M. , Gilson D. , Anjum M. , Teale C. J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the occurrence of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in batches of pigs at slaughter and at different stages along the slaughter line. Nasal and ear skin swabs were collected from 105 batches of 10 pigs at six abattoirs. Cultures (pooled or individual) were performed for MRSA using selective media; presumptive MRSA were confirmed by mecA and nuc gene detection and a selection was spa-typed. MRSA was detected in 46 batches. All spa-types detected were those associated with LA-MRSA clonal complex 398. The proportion of positive batches varied among abattoirs (0–100%). Two abattoirs were subsequently further investigated, with samples taken at post-stunning, chiller and either at lairage or post-singe. Results suggested cross-contamination occurred between the lairage and point of post-stunning, but the slaughter processes appeared effective at reducing contamination before carcases entered the chiller. One abattoir provided only negative samples in the initial study and in the subsequent study along the slaughter line (26 batches in total), suggesting differences possibly in the MRSA status of pigs on arrival from supply farms or in its abattoir practices affecting the MRSA status of pigs at the sampling points. This study highlights that in the investigated abattoirs, MRSA was detected in 43.8% of batches of pigs at slaughter using sensitive selective culture methods.
Comparative assessment of SCoT and ISSR markers for analysis of genetic diversity and population structure in some Aegilops tauschii Coss. accessions
Authors: Nouri Atefeh , Golabadi Maryam , Etminan Alireza , Rezaei Abdolmajid , Mehrabi Ali Ashraf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAegilops tauschii, the diploid progenitor of the wheat D-genome, is a valuable genetic resource for wheat breeders. In this study, we compared the efficiency of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) (as an arbitrary technique) and start codon targeted (SCoT) (as a gene-targeting technique) markers in determining the genetic diversity and population structure of 90 accessions of Ae. tauschii. SCoT markers indicated the highest values for polymorphism information content, marker index and effective multiplex ratio compared to ISSR markers. The total genetic diversity (Ht) and genetic diversity within populations (Hs) parameters were comparably modest for the two marker systems. The results of the analysis of molecular variance showed that the genetic variation within populations was significantly higher than among them (ISSR: 92 versus 8%; SCoT: 88 versus 12%). Furthermore, SCoT markers discovered a high level of genetic differentiation among populations than ISSRs (0.19 versus 0.05), while the amount of gene flow detected by ISSR was higher than SCoT (2.13 versus 8.62). Cluster analysis and population structure of SCoT and ISSR data divided all investigated accessions into two and four main clusters, respectively. Our results revealed that SCoT and ISSR fingerprinting could be used to further molecular analysis in Ae. tauschii and other wild species. The high-genetic variability found in this study also indicates the valuable genetic potential present in the investigated Ae. tauschii germplasm, which could be utilized for future genetic analysis and linkage mapping in breeding programmes.