bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image‐based monitoring of bolt loosening through deep‐learning‐based integrated detection and tracking
Authors: Pan Xiao , Yang T. Y. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractStructural bolts are critical components used in different structural elements, such as beam‐column connections and friction damping devices. The clamping force in structural bolts is highly influenced by the bolt rotation. Much of the existing vision‐based research about bolt rotation estimation relies on traditional computer vision algorithms such as Hough transform to assess static images of bolts. This requires careful image preprocessing, and it may not perform well in the situation of complicated bolt assemblies, or in the presence of surrounding objects and background noise, thus hindering their real‐world applications. In this study, an integrated real‐time detect‐track method, namely, RTDT‐bolt, is proposed to monitor the bolt rotation angle. First, a real‐time convolutional‐neural‐networks‐based object detector, named YOLOv3‐tiny, is established and trained to localize structural bolts. Then, the target‐free object tracking algorithm based on optical flow is implemented to continuously monitor and quantify the rotation of structural bolts. In order to enhance the tracking performance against background noise and potential illumination changes during tracking, the YOLOv3‐tiny is integrated with the optical flow tracking algorithm to re‐detect the bolts when the tracking gets lost. Extensive parameter studies were conducted to identify optimal tracking performance and examine the potential limitations. The results indicate that the RTDT‐bolt method can greatly enhance the tracking performance of bolt rotation, which can achieve over 90% accuracy using the recommended range for the parameters.
The desmin mutation R349P increases contractility and fragility of stem cell‐generated muscle micro‐tissues
Authors: Spörrer Marina , Kah Delf , Gerum Richard C. , Reischl Barbara , Huraskin Danyil , Dessalles Claire A. , Schneider Werner , Goldmann Wolfgang H. , Herrmann Harald , Thievessen Ingo , Clemen Christoph S. , Friedrich Oliver , Hashemolhosseini Said , Schröder Rolf , Fabry Ben 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsDesminopathies comprise hereditary myopathies and cardiomyopathies caused by mutations in the intermediate filament protein desmin that lead to severe and often lethal degeneration of striated muscle tissue. Animal and single cell studies hinted that this degeneration process is associated with massive ultrastructural defects correlating with increased susceptibility of the muscle to acute mechanical stress. The underlying mechanism of mechanical susceptibility, and how muscle degeneration develops over time, however, has remained elusive.MethodsHere, we investigated the effect of a desmin mutation on the formation, differentiation, and contractile function of in vitro‐engineered three‐dimensional micro‐tissues grown from muscle stem cells (satellite cells) isolated from heterozygous R349P desmin knock‐in mice.ResultsMicro‐tissues grown from desmin‐mutated cells exhibited spontaneous unsynchronised contractions, higher contractile forces in response to electrical stimulation, and faster force recovery compared with tissues grown from wild‐type cells. Within 1 week of culture, the majority of R349P desmin‐mutated tissues disintegrated, whereas wild‐type tissues remained intact over at least three weeks. Moreover, under tetanic stimulation lasting less than 5 s, desmin‐mutated tissues partially or completely ruptured, whereas wild‐type tissues did not display signs of damage.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that the progressive degeneration of desmin‐mutated micro‐tissues is closely linked to extracellular matrix fibre breakage associated with increased contractile forces and unevenly distributed tensile stress. This suggests that the age‐related degeneration of skeletal and cardiac muscle in patients suffering from desminopathies may be similarly exacerbated by mechanical damage from high‐intensity muscle contractions. We conclude that micro‐tissues may provide a valuable tool for studying the organization of myocytes and the pathogenic mechanisms of myopathies.
Association of Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus and lipocalin with periodontitis in type 2 diabetic subjects
Authors: Mahendra Jaideep , Mahendra Little , divya Dhana , Ilango Paavai , Devarajan Nalini , Thanigaimalai Abirami 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe current study aims to evaluate and compare the lipocalin, adiponectin and periodontal viruses in the generalized periodontitis patients with and without diabetes mellitus.Materials and methodsSeventy subjects were grouped into 35 systemically healthy (GP) and 35 patients with diabetes mellitus (GP+DM). The periodontal parameters, demographic and diabetic variables were evaluated in both the groups. The subgingival tissue samples were procured from the diseased sites and were analysed for the detection of EBV, CMV, HSV and protein markers by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and lipocalin and adiponectin were identified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThe demographic variables such as age and BMI did not differ between the groups. PI and CAL were found to be significantly higher in GP+DM (p < 0.05). EBV (82.9%), CMV (71.4%) and protein marker: lipocalin were also found to be statistically highly significant in GP+DM and adiponectin was found to be higher in GP group and reduced in GP+DM group (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe increased prevalence of EBV and CMV and lipocalin with reduced levels of adiponectin in patients with diabetes and periodontitis which may show aggravation of the diabetic status of the periodontitis patients thereby reinforcing a strong Periodontitis‐DM continuum.
Trends and Patterns of Global Refugee Migration
Authors: Fransen Sonja , de Haas Hein 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper studies long‐term trends and patterns in global refugee migration. We explore the intensity, spread, and distance of refugee migration at a global, regional, and country level between 1951 and 2018. The analysis did not detect a long‐term increase in the global intensity of refugee migration. Primarily depending on levels of conflict, refugee numbers have fluctuated at levels of between 0.1 and 0.3 percent of the world population. Apparent increases in numbers of the globally displaced are driven by the inclusion of populations and countries that were previously excluded from the data. While refugee populations continue to be concentrated in countries with low‐to‐medium income levels, the analysis reveals several geographic shifts in refugee migration. Refugees tend to come from a shrinking number of origin countries and move to an increasing variety of destination countries. This trend seems to reflect a concentration of recurrent conflict cycles in a relatively small number of countries and a parallel increase in the number of safe destinations. Although the vast majority of refugees remain near to origin countries, the average distance between origin and destination countries has increased over time, presumably linked to the greater ease of travel and migration‐facilitating networks.
Symphyseal fracture in a three-month-old infant
Authors: Labib Amir , Elbarbary Amir Samir 
Published: December 2021

Mandibular fractures are rare in infants, and diagnosis can be easily missed due to the difficulty in obtaining an adequate history and the subtle signs. A high index of suspicion and detailed history taking from the caregiver are mandatory to pick up these cases.There are a plethora of management options that have been reported in dealing with such fractures. They range from conservative management to internal fixation by absorbable plates. While conservative management does not interfere with mandibular growth and teeth development, any surgical intervention can carry this risk. Nevertheless, a severely displaced fracture may need anatomical reduction and fixation to allow early nutrition.This study reports a 3-month-old male infant with a fracture in the mandibular symphysis who underwent reduction of the fracture and circummandibular fixation using immobilisation by an acrylic splint for 4 weeks. His long-term follow-up after 20 months showed adequate dentition with proper healing of the fracture site.
Universe as Klein–Gordon eigenstates
Authors: Matone Marco 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe formulate Friedmann’s equations as second-order linear differential equations. This is done using techniques related to the Schwarzian derivative that selects the$$\beta $$
β
-times $$t_\beta :=\int ^t a^{-2\beta }$$

t
β

:
=

∫
t

a

-
2
β

, where a is the scale factor. In particular, it turns out that Friedmann’s equations are equivalent to the eigenvalue problems $$\begin{aligned} O_{1/2} \Psi =\frac{\Lambda }{12}\Psi , \quad O_1 a =-\frac{\Lambda }{3} a , \end{aligned}$$

O

1
/
2

Ψ
=

Λ
12

Ψ
,

O
1

a
=
-

Λ
3

a
,

which is suggestive of a measurement problem. $$O_{\beta }(\rho ,p)$$

O
β

(
ρ
,
p
)

are space-independent Klein–Gordon operators, depending only on energy density and pressure, and related to the Klein–Gordon Hamilton–Jacobi equations. The $$O_\beta $$

O
β

’s are also independent of the spatial curvature, labeled by k, and absorbed in $$\begin{aligned} \Psi =\sqrt{a} e^{\frac{i}{2}\sqrt{k}\eta } . \end{aligned}$$

Ψ
=

a

e

i
2

k

η

.

The above pair of equations is the unique possible linear form of Friedmann’s equations unless $$k=0$$

k
=
0

, in which case there are infinitely many pairs of linear equations. Such a uniqueness just selects the conformal time $$\eta \equiv t_{1/2}$$

η
≡

t

1
/
2

among the $$t_\beta $$

t
β

’s, which is the key to absorb the curvature term. An immediate consequence of the linear form is that it reveals a new symmetry of Friedmann’s equations in flat space.
The NUMEN Technical Design Report
Authors: Cappuzzello Francesco , Agodi Clementina , Calabretta Luciano , Calvo Daniela , Carbone Diana , Cavallaro Manuela , Colonna Maria , Finocchiaro Paolo , Iazzi Felice , Linares Roberto , Oliveira José R. B. , Pandola Luciano , Santopinto Elena , Torresi Domenico , Tudisco Salvatore , Acosta Luis , Altana Carmen , Amador-Valenzuela Paulina , Avanzi Luis Humberto , Bellone Jessica , Bonanno Danilo , Boztosun Ismail , Brasolin Sandro , Brischetto Giuseppe A. , Brunasso Oscar , Calabrese Salvatore , Campajola Luigi , Capirossi Vittoria , Lomelí Efrain R. Chávez , Ciraldo Irene , de Aguiar Vitor Ângelo Paulino , Delaunay Franck , Ferraresi Carlo , Fisichella Maria , Gandolfo Elisa , Guazzelli Marcilei Aparecida , Via Francesco La , Lambarri Daniel J. Marin , Lenske Horst , Lubian Jesus , Medina Nilberto H. , Mereu Paolo , Moralles Mauricio , Muoio Annamaria , Petrascu Horia , Pinna Federico , Sartirana Diego , Sgouros Onoufrios , Solakci Selçuk O. , Soukeras Vasilis , Spatafora Alessandro , Russo Antonio D. , Yildirim Aydin 
Published: December 2021

NUMEN proposes an innovative technique to access the nuclear matrix elements entering the expression of the lifetime of the double beta decay by cross-section measurements of heavy-ion induced Double Charge Exchange (DCE) reactions. Despite the fact that the two processes, namely neutrinoless double beta decay and DCE reactions, are triggered by the weak and strong interaction respectively, important analogies are suggested. The basic point is the coincidence of the initial and final state many-body wave functions in the two types of processes and the formal similarity of the transition operators. The main experimental tools for this project are the K800 Superconducting Cyclotron and MAGNEX spectrometer at the INFN-LNS laboratory. However, the tiny values of DCE cross-sections and the resolution requirements demand beam intensities much higher than those manageable with the present facility. The on-going upgrade of the INFN-LNS facilities promoted by the POTLNS a project in this perspective is intimately connected to the NUMEN project. This paper describes the solutions proposed as a result of the R&D activity performed during the recent years. The goal is to develop suitable technologies allowing for the measurements of DCE cross-section under extremely high beam intensities. a PIR01_00005 — potenziamento dell’infrastruttura di ricerca Laboratori Nazionali del Sud per la produzione di fasci di ioni ad alta intensitá.
Mesenchymal-Type Neuroblastoma Cells Escape ALK Inhibitors
Authors: Westerhout Ellen M. , Hamdi Mohamed , Stroeken Peter , Nowakowska Natalia E. , Lakeman Arjan , van Arkel Jennemiek , Hasselt Nancy E. , Bleijlevens Boris , Akogul Nurdan , Haneveld Franciska , Chan Alvin , van Sluis Peter , Zwijnenburg Danny , Volckmann Richard , van Noesel Carel J.M. , Adameyko Igor , van Groningen Tim , Koster Jan , Valentijn Linda J. , van Nes Johan , Versteeg Rogier 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Cancer therapy frequently fails due to the emergence of resistance. Many tumors include phenotypically immature tumor cells, which have been implicated in therapy resistance. Neuroblastoma cells can adopt a lineage-committed adrenergic (ADRN) or an immature mesenchymal (MES) state. They differ in epigenetic landscape and transcription factors, and MES cells are more resistant to chemotherapy. Here we analyzed the response of MES cells to targeted drugs. Activating anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutations are frequently found in neuroblastoma and ALK inhibitors (ALKi) are in clinical trials. ALKi treatment of ADRN neuroblastoma cells with a tumor-driving ALK mutation induced cell death. Conversely, MES cells did not express either mutant or wild-type ALK and were resistant to ALKi, and MES cells formed tumors that progressed under ALKi therapy. In assessing the role of MES cells in relapse development, TRAIL was identified to specifically induce apoptosis in MES cells and to suppress MES tumor growth. Addition of TRAIL to ALKi treatment of neuroblastoma xenografts delayed relapses in a subset of the animals, suggesting a role for MES cells in relapse formation. While ADRN cells resembled normal embryonal neuroblasts, MES cells resembled immature precursor cells, which also lacked ALK expression. Resistance to targeted drugs can therefore be an intrinsic property of immature cancer cells based on their resemblance to developmental precursors.

Significance:
In neuroblastoma, mesenchymal tumor cells lack expression of the tumor-driving ALK oncogene and are resistant to ALKi, but dual treatment with ALKi and mesenchymal cell–targeting TRAIL delays tumor relapse.
Postischemic Neuroprotection Associated With Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles in Aged Mice
Authors: Wang Chen , Börger Verena , Mohamud Yusuf Ayan , Tertel Tobias , Stambouli Oumaima , Murke Florian , Freund Nico , Kleinschnitz Christoph , Herz Josephine , Gunzer Matthias , Popa-Wagner Aurel , Doeppner Thorsten R. , Giebel Bernd , Hermann Dirk M. 
Published: December 2021

Background and Purpose:
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) obtained from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were shown to induce ischemic neuroprotection in mice by modulating the brain infiltration of leukocytes and, specifically polymorphonuclear neutrophils. So far, effects of MSC-sEVs were only studied in young ischemic rodents. We herein examined the effects of MSC-sEVs in aged mice.

Methods:

Male and female C57Bl6/j mice (8–10 weeks or 15–24 months) were exposed to transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion. Vehicle or sEVs (equivalent of 2×10
6
MSCs) were intravenously administered. Neurological deficits, ischemic injury, blood-brain barrier integrity, brain leukocyte infiltration, and blood leukocyte responses were evaluated over up to 7 days.

Results:
MSC-sEV delivery reduced neurological deficits, infarct volume, brain edema, and neuronal injury in young and aged mice of both sexes, when delivered immediately postreperfusion or with 6 hours delay. MSC-sEVs decreased leukocyte and specifically polymorphonuclear neutrophil, monocyte, and macrophage infiltrates in ischemic brains of aged mice. In peripheral blood, the number of monocytes and activated T cells was significantly reduced by MSC-sEVs.

Conclusions:
MSC-sEVs induce postischemic neuroprotection and anti-inflammation in aged mice.
Long-term population dynamics of Aphelenchoides besseyi on Oryza sativa in a paddy field, and changes in the pathological and ecological traits of the two populations
Authors: Hoshino Shigeru , Togashi Katsumi 
Published: December 2021

Summary
An Oryza sativa cultivar inoculated with the white tip nematode, Aphelenchoides besseyi, was cultivated over 18 years to investigate the population dynamics of the nematode and the change in the virulence of nematodes and tolerance/resistance of plants. The mean number of living nematodes per seed (S) showed two peaks, each of which was followed by a 3-year decrease in the S value, during the initial 10 years. The annual reproduction curve between in year and in year t had a peak in a range of of <1.1. The incidence of white tip disease increased with increasing mean number of living nematodes seed−1 in the previous year, whereas the proportion of seeds with living nematodes increased with increasing mean number of living nematodes seed−1 in the current year. Inoculation tests of the nematode cohorts on the seedling cohorts derived from seeds harvested in the same or different years indicated that the initial 6-year interaction between the rice and nematode populations caused the nematodes to increase the incidence of white tip disease and to decrease the degree of seed swelling and the proportion of heavy seeds. On the other hand, the interaction caused the rice plants to prevent the incidence of disease from increasing and the degree of seed swelling and the proportion of heavy seeds from decreasing.
Evoke
Authors: Stolk Sander 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article provides an introduction to the web application Evoke. This application offers functionality to navigate, view, extend, and analyse thesaurus content. The thesauri that can be navigated in Evoke are expressed in Linguistic Linked Data, an interoperable data form that enables the extension of thesaurus content with custom labels and allows for the linking of thesaurus content to other digital resources. As such, Evoke is a powerful research tool that facilitates its users to perform novel cultural linguistic analyses over multiple sources. This article further demonstrates the potential of Evoke by discussing how A Thesaurus of Old English was made available in the application and how this has already been adopted in the field of Old English studies. Lastly, the author situates Evoke within a number of recent developments in the field of Digital Humanities and its applications for onomasiological research.
Linking the Dictionary of Old Dutch to A Thesaurus of Old English
Authors: Depuydt Katrien , de Does Jesse 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
At the Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal (Dutch Language Institute), DiaMaNT, a diachronic semantic computational lexicon of Dutch, is being developed, based on the scholarly historical dictionaries of Dutch. The main purpose of this lexicon is to enhance text accessibility and foster research in the development of concepts. This article explores the feasibility of enriching DiaMaNT with an existing semantic classification by linking a subset of the vocabulary of the Dictionary of Old Dutch to A Thesaurus of Old English.
Evoke and A Thesaurus of Old English in the Old English Classroom
Authors: Dekker Kees 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The use of Evoke and the Thesaurus of Old English (TOE) in the classroom at beginners’ level is not self-evident, since both are electronic tools designed to facilitate lexicological research for more advanced users. Nonetheless, there is an advantage in acquainting students with modern electronic tools allowing relevant, piecemeal investigations into the lexicon. This contribution focuses on the usage of Evoke in the classroom, suggesting the types of assignments that may be designed for this purpose and exploring further possibilities.
Export Performance of MSMEs in India: Is Credit Constraint an Invisible Gorilla?
Authors: Hiremath Gourishankar S. , Deb Supratik 
Published: December 2021

We examine the effects of foreign currency borrowings (FCBs) and domestic market constraints on the performance of the export of the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) during the period 1988–2019. Our results show that access to the FCBs improved the performance of the MSME exports, indicating the importance of credit accessibility. MSMEs effectively utilise the grants when accompanied by credit facilities such as FCBs. We find that the high cost of debt and lack of financial development adversely affect the exports, as MSMEs are unable to borrow. The rupee depreciation alone does not help the MSMEs reap such depreciation benefits due to the lack of domestic credit. The recent policy stance of emphasis on MSMEs is expected to improve export performance. This study calls for the specialised window for the MSMEs to meet low cost and easy credit. The findings suggest stepping up grants to the MSMEs to improve the export performance. JEL Codes: F14, F34, F2, F31
Nomogram prediction of caries risk among schoolchildren age 7 years based on a cohort study in Shanghai
Authors: Luo Yuan , Zhang Hao , Zeng Xiaoli , Xu Wei , Wang Xun , Zhang Ying , Wang Yan 
Published: December 2021

Objective Caries risk assessment tools are essential for identifying and providing treatment for individuals at high risk of developing caries. We aimed to develop a nomogram for the assessment and evaluation of caries risk among Chinese children. Methods We enrolled schoolchildren age 7 years from a primary school in Shanghai. Baseline information of participants was collected using a questionnaire completed by children’s caregivers. A nomogram of a novel prediction scoring model was established based on predictors detected in univariate and multivariate analyses. Predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were calculated using the concordance index (C index). The bootstrap method (1000 samples) was used to decrease overfitting. The net benefit of the model was validated using decision curve analysis. Results Overall, 406 children with complete information and two completed dental examinations were included in the final analysis. The nomogram based on logistic regression model coefficients demonstrated a C index of 0.766 (95% confidence interval: 0.761–0.771) for caries risk. The net benefit of the decision curve analysis was 38.6% at 55% threshold probability. Conclusion This nomogram model, derived using dietary habits, oral hygiene status, and caries experience, showed promising predictive ability to assess the caries risk among Chinese children.