bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addressing walkability of Kochi corporation area with a focus on inland water transportation
Authors: Dona Ann J , Sujith K M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Kochi Corporation area is one of the most densely populated corporations in Kerala. The haphazard growth results in least importance on pedestrians. Walking is a healthy culture, which is inevitable in our daily lives. When we consider other modes of transportation, waterborne transportation has the least negative impacts. Here, nearly fifty percent of Kochi corporation area is surrounded by water and has the potential to develop ferry routes. Through the ferry routes we can access the major nodes of the city. However, due to lack of walking infrastructure and proper connectivity, there is a decline in the walking culture. Identifying the scope of walkability in Kochi Corporation area helps to develop a walkable city, which can be an efficient contributor to sustainability. When we blend walking and ferry routes in an urban core, it gives in a ray of hope for sustainability. This paper looks into interlinking the potentials of urban ferry stations and walkability of Kochi Corporation area; thereby aiming to improve the connectivity and built environment of streets near ferry stations. This also looks into providing a safe and healthy built environment of Kochi Corporation area thereby playing a major role in balancing sustainability.
A s tudy on new amphibious housing solution for vulnerable communities in Kuttanad
Authors: Adithya T S , Manoj K K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Face of Kerala is changing with climate making it more vulnerable to flood and flood related hazards. Flood hazard mitigation strategies requires a greater degree of adaptability, which calls for the development of new housing types that build resilience among vulnerable population. Kuttanad is a low-lying deltaic region in Kerala with highest number of flood displaced population per year. The economically weaker section of this region is striving for a flood resilient house. Huge house damage loss followed by Kerala flood 2018 paved the way to think about a construction that lives with water without making any obstruction to its flow. Amphibious housing is a sustainable flood mitigation strategy that works in synchrony with the flood vulnerable region’s natural cycle of flooding. These type of constructions are already a part of Netherlands and Rural Louisiana since 1970’s. This paper reviews the case studies of existing amphibious buildings globally and present flood resilient constructions of Kerala. It also analyses the possibility and proposed a new amphibious housing solution based on timber for the vulnerable regions in Kuttanad. The material selection was based on certain parameters which ensure the sustainability of prototype. These type of construction can act as a permanent housing solution for the flood displaced population of Kuttanad.
Appraising the need for disaster mitigation in existing planning documents of Municipal Corporations of Kerala in the event of past disasters
Authors: Arun Shankar M , Bindu C A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The state of Kerala has a long history of natural disasters, of which the most recent disasters happen to be the floods and subsequent landslides in 2018 and 2019. Comparatively, the floods of 2018 and 2019 have claimed many lives, destroyed houses and have affected the normalcy and livelihood of many people than the earlier disasters that have occurred in Kerala. Apart from the floods, disasters like cyclones, earthquakes and droughts have also affected Kerala in the past. Understanding the vulnerability of Kerala to disasters, it is a requisite to address the same in the planning documents of every each district of Kerala. In many cases of disaster, it has been observed that the predicted susceptible area has drastically differed from the actual affected area. So as to signify the need of an in-depth disaster mitigation intervention in all the districts of Kerala, this paper intends to recommend a few suggestions and modifications to the existing planning documents of Municipal Corporations of Kerala through a condensed study on the impact of various disasters on different sectors of all the six Municipal Corporations of Kerala.
Impact of Covid-19 in shaping new resilient urban planning approach
Authors: Aiswarya Raj S , Angella E J , Pooja C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With unprecedented urbanization in the 21st century, world nations have been consistently working on addressing climatic challenges and improving urban life. The Covid-19 outbreak has exposed the consequences of our negligent approach to urbanization and planning. The Covid-19 pandemic has affected each of us globally and has left us questioning the way we lead our lives. Severe repercussions of Covid-19 are felt across every aspect of the society. However, though pandemics have devastated mankind, a look into history proves that, they have been critical in modifying the condition of the built environment. This paper primarily focuses on the impact Covid-19 has on urban spatial planning, with an understanding of the relationship between pandemics and various spatial planning aspects. There is a critical assessment of the long-term impacts Covid-19 has on urban life across the world. The various challenges caused by the pandemic, with focus on urban planning context and the changes that has happened in the planning field, during the pandemic have been discussed. Covid-19 crisis could fundamentally change spatial planning and the current way of life. This necessitates the need to understand the challenges posed, the failures, the potentials hidden; and thereby facilitate building pandemic resilient cities for a better tomorrow. The current innovations and trends in urban planning as coerced by Covid-19 is researched and developed upon keeping in my mind the past lessons and issues to usher a new sustainable-resilient urban planning.
Blue Covenant: Planning strategies for water conservation
Authors: Steffy Thomas Angel , Geetha A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Safe, clean and ample freshwater is vital for the endurance of all living organism and the smooth performance of ecosystems, economies and communities. A decline in the quality and quantity of water is now a global concern as the population grows, agricultural and industrial activities expands, and climate change hovers to cause alterations to hydrological cycle. By 2050, an expected 40% of the world’s population will live in severely water-stressed conditions. Due to the increasing demand in both rural and urban areas, it has led to disputes and tension over command and sharing over water resources. Hence, water scarcity is a complex issue, which deserves an urgent global attention. In this context, this paper attempts to understand the various factors affecting the water scarcity of area and the different water conservation strategies adopted in Cape Town and Israel. The outcome of the paper focussing on what are the factors/sectors to be considered while framing the planning strategies of water conservation an area.
Design of gas cleaning unit for biomass gasifier
Authors: Rahul C G , Shaji K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Biomass is considered as renewable energy and its energy potential is promising due to the reason that biomass is a more evenly dispersed source over the earth and thus available nearly worldwide. The challenge is to remove the biomass-derived contaminants such as tar, particulates, H2S and HCl, alkali compounds from the product gas, and then use it for other applications. The objective is to design a proposed gas cleaning unit using ANSYS for the downdraft biomass gasifier and thereby remove the contaminants. From the simulation it was concluded that, the outlet temperature of the downdraft gasifier found from the simulation is 1285.7 K. From the simulation of the proposed cleaning unit, the outlet temperature of 1264.6 K is formed.
Jet mixing enhancement of a supersonic twin jet nozzle using rectangular tabs
Authors: Ambily P N , Mubarak A K , Rekha L , Abdul Samad P A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Computational study on the development of mean flow and mixing capability of a rectangular tab placed at the exit of a Mach 1.6 single and twin jet nozzles has been presented. Placing two identical conical nozzles side by side separated by a distance of 1.5 times exit diameters makes the twin jet configuration. The mitigation technique for twin jet cross coupling effects by rectangular tabs for the enhancement of aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics is validating. The results are relevant to situations wherever shock cell structures, potential core length, jet mixing related noise are of concern. Centre line pressure decay characteristics shows that there is an abrupt reduction in the core length and suppression of shock cell structure at off design conditions. The results are in good agreement with the experimental results.
The effects of winglet on hawt blade and the optimum ratio between wing and winglet dimensions
Authors: Pillai Pradeep S , Harikumar A R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Government wanted to make India a leading wind power nation. The government offers SOP to private investors to setup wind farms. But the wind flow patterns and the nature of the terrain are not always support to the installation of wind farms. Many stations have little wind to run their windmills. Even if power is generated, companies do not find it profitable to sell to the grid. Induced drag developed by tip vortices stands as a major reason for low power output. This study aims to find the changes in the power generation by wind mills after the addition of winglet to wind turbine blade and also to find an optimum ratio between the span of wing and winglet. The winglet helps to reduce the induced drag. A horizontal axis wind turbine (HWAT) with winglets is proposed. The selection of different airfoil shapes from NACA series was done and blade aerodynamics was simulated to investigate the flow structures and general aerodynamic coefficients are extracted using ANSYS software. A comparison of aerodynamic performance of different airfoil geometries is done to find a suitable airfoil shape based on L/D characteristics. 3D model analysis of blade from selected airfoil cross section, with and without winglet is carried out using ANSYS Fluent and the aerodynamic performance is compared to study the effectiveness of the winglet. It is found that the blade with winglet gives an L/D ratio of 13.8 compared to the one without winglet, 8.8, for a 3m wing span. The study then continued with the wing span of 5m and 7m. The study also extends to find an optimum ratio between wing and winglet.
Estimation of thermal stress at the interface of sliding in a pin on disc tribometer using finite element approach
Authors: Vijay Renjish , Aju Kumar V N , Sadiq A , Sandeep S B 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Finite Element Method (FEM), introduced at the end of sixties, is used for solving engineering problems by mathematical formulations. The present study estimates the thermal stresses and temperature distribution induced at the contact surface during frictional sliding. The pin on disc tribometer is modelled as per ASTM G99 in ANSYS Workbench simulation software with the help of User Defined Function (UDF). Aluminium alloy 6061 coated with Yttrium stabilized zirconia is used for the analysis where the alloy is subjected to continuous sliding motion against aluminium oxide disc material. User Defined Results are employed in this analysis for the determination of thermal stress generated at the contact surface during frictional sliding. Temperature distribution is determined and is represented in contours.
The effect of free fatty acids on the tribological properties of karanja oil
Authors: Joshy J , Naveen  , Mahipal D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Research is being carried extensively on vegetable-based lubricants to provide a suitable replacement against toxic and non-biodegradable petroleum-based lubricants. In this work, tribological properties of free fatty acids in non-edible karanja seed oil are evaluated. Free fatty acids namely palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid were added at 1%, 2%, 3%, and 5%by weight of the base oil. A four ball tribotester was utilized to study the friction and wear properties of different samples. These additives provided both anti-wear and anti-friction properties. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid reduced wear by 34.39%, 28.82%, and 13.12% respectively. Further, the coefficient of friction was reduced by 27.51%, 30.15%, and 44.97% respectively. The wear scar region was analyzed using optical microscopy. Flash temperature parameter (FTP) for different additives was calculated and found that at lower additive concentrations, stearic acid had a better FTP but at 5%wt., palmitic acid had the best FTP. Energy consumed during the test was calculated for different additive concentrations and oleic acid additive had the lowest energy consumption.
Effect of SiC nanoparticles on the tribological properties of rice bran oil-based lubricant
Authors: Thampi Ananthan D , Sneha E , Sasidharan Baiju , Rani S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The environmental impact of petroleum products has forced the industry to search for alternative bio-products. Vegetable oils can be considered as an alternative to these petroleum products due to the high viscosity index and excellent boundary lubrication properties. In this work, rice bran oil (RBO) is selected as a base-stock for developing bio-lubricants. The silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles were added to RBO in different proportions (0.01 to 0.05 wt. %). The tribological properties were evaluated for different samples using a standard four-ball tribo-tester. The weight percentage of SiC in RBO was optimised based on the tribological results. The optimum concentration of SiC nanoparticles in RBO was found to be 0.03 wt. %. The experimental study also evaluated the tribological properties of chemically modified RBO (MRBO) with 0.03% SiC nanoparticles. It was noted that the tribological properties are better for MRBO with 0.03% SiC nanoparticles.
Numerical analysis and simulation of micro-EDM plasma in de-ionised water
Authors: Varghese Leeba , Vysakh P , Manesh K K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Micro-EDM is extensively used for the manufacture of miniature components in the field of biomedical, aerospace and automobile applications, where the surface integrity of the manufactured component is a crucial factor. But it has still not replaced other manufacturing methods like Laser Beam Machining because of its low energy efficiency. In order to improve the process efficiency and make it a commercially viable, so many parametric studies have been conducted, considering the various input and output parameters involved. Very little effort is taken in the direction of studying about the plasma, which is the actual source of energy in micro-EDM. This is due to difficulty in analysing it as the plasma lasts only for a few micro seconds in micro-EDM. The existing studies about plasma formation and its role in material removal in a micro EDM process is lacking in many respects, considering the underlying mechanism of plasma formation. This simulation is an attempt to bridge that gap. A one-dimensional model, based on fluid dynamic approach, considering the chemistry involved in plasma formation is simulated. The evolution of plasma characteristics was studied for one level of electric field and gap width. The results obtained for electron density is compared with experimentally obtained results and is found to be in close agreement. The value of temperature obtained is much lower compared to that found in literature. This shows that the data imported as chemical reactions is not complete in all respects. The simulation requires further improvement.
Sustainable product development using balanced scorecard perspectives
Authors: Vijayan S C , Shalij P R , Biju P L 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The triple bottom line principle of sustainability is an important philosophy which leads to the reduction of environmental and economic impacts and risks. Its application in new product development helps to achieve an excellent brand image, thereby improving the competitive advantage in similar type of products. This paper proposes a tool that incorporates the sustainability dimensions along with the balanced scorecard perspectives for the new product development. The proposed tool, Sustainability Balanced Score card matrix is tested by applying it in a small scale industry. The successful usage of the tool in the development of a product, demonstrate its potential for the development of a customer satisfying, profitable and sustainable product.
Modelling and cost optimization of a community microgrid
Authors: Himabindu N , Mandi Rajashekar P , Santoshkumar H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
With the increasing energy demand and promotion of usage of renewable energy resources to reduce the environmental effects, hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) has become very feasible and attractive. In this paper grid-connected hybrid power system model consisting of Solar PV and Wind turbine as HRES are considered to carry out the techno-economic feasibility study. The potential of wind and solar energies are estimated by collecting the data from various resources of a community Microgrid located at the geographical location with latitude of 14.135° N, longitude of 76.239° E in Chitradurga District, south Indian state of Karnataka. HOMER Pro software is used for simulation and promising results are obtained.
A methodology to analyze undergraduate engineering student’scampus start-up activities and its scope of B2C companies
Authors: Pradeep M , Satish K P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Business is passion for the educated youth in the current global market scenario. Youth have a vision on Business-to-Consumer venture for their profit growth. This is achieved by the acceptance and utilization of technology trends and are handled by engineering students. Curriculum projects of engineering students should be converted into useful products for the society through the business model. Innovative projects are happening in the campus, but scope of these projects scaled up into prototypes and its development in to marketable products is minimal. Most of these markets are in the electronics and information sciences arena. Mechanical Engineering stream has a huge potential that is waiting to be explored. The aim of this paper is to enhance discussion on the entrepreneurial inquisitiveness of mechanical engineering students to campus start-up and its possibilities for a Business-to-Consumer model. For that, final year undergraduate mechanical engineering students across Kerala, India has been selected.SEM was applied to a sample of 392 students from the APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University, across Kerala, India. The findings highlight the participation of mechanical engineering students on campus start-ups and its support from various organizations. The scope of start-up products from business to consumer is positively accepted.
Fabrication and dry sliding wear analysis of centrifugally casted A 356-10% SiCp functionally graded metal matrix composites at different rotational speeds
Authors: Mohan Arjun , Sajikumar K S , Gopal Karun V 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are advanced composite materials characterized by their variation in the composition or microstructure in a specific direction. The composition of FGMs is continuously varying. The desired properties can be achieved in a single bulk material of FGM which makes them especially applicable for mechanical and tribological applications. Using a vertical centrifugal casting machine fabrication of aluminium A 356-SiCp functionally graded metal matrix composites (FGMMC) were done. 10% by volume of SiCp particle were taken. An average size of 34 μm is chosen for additive SiCp, so that dispersed particulate matter in matrix of A-356 will enhance mechanical and tribological properties such as wear resistance, ultimate strength and hardness. The castings were carried out at 1100 rpm, 1200 rpm, 1400 rpm, 1550 rpm, 1700 rpm and 1950 rpm of the machine. The microstructural analysis projects a good gradation at 1700 rpm. The observations are validated using hardness analysis. Dry sliding wear behaviour of FGMMCs fabricated at rotor speeds of 1550 rpm, 1700 rpm and 1950 rpm were done. Hardness improvement at outer radial position than that of inner radial position of FGMMCs are 1.19, 1.29, 1.35 and 1.54 times at speeds 1400, 1550, 1700 and 1950 rpm of the machine respectively. The casting at 1700 rpm showed a good gradation at transition region compared to others. Wear resistance at outer surfaces of FGMMCs are improved with the presence of SiCp at the expense of COF.
Finite element analysis of response of v-shaped hull plates under blast loading
Authors: Markose Agesh , Jojo Rahul , Rose Aurea , Thomas Tinto , Lakshmana Rao C 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Armoured vehicles usually employ shaped plate for protection from blast loads arising from landmines. In most of the cases the plates deflect a part of the load away from the vehicle thus protecting the crew. Important parameters which affect the design of the plates include the included angle of the V shaped plate and standoff distance between the explosive and plate. In this study Finite Element (FE) analysis is carried out to estimate energy absorbed by the plates and the impulse transmitted to the superstructure. A validated numerical procedure with ABAQUS is used to conduct the parametric studies to compare and estimate the effectiveness of two different configurations. Guidelines for selecting the required plate angle and location of the plate could be developed based on the suggestions of the numerical study.
Effect of tool axis offset and relative position of materials on the performance of dissimilar friction stir welded aluminium alloy joints–an overview
Authors: Subrahmanian K , Ramachandran K K , Vamadevan Rajeev 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
At present most of the manufacturing sectors are looking for high strength lightweight structures with high specific stiffness and good corrosion resistance. In this context, combined use of different types of aluminium alloys are required and warrants efficient joining of the dissimilar alloys. But, efficient joining of dissimilar aluminium alloys by fusion welding techniques is very difficult due to the poor weldability of dissimilar aluminium alloys. It is reported that FSW being a solid state welding technique can avoid all problems associated with fusion welding and is a potential candidate technique for joining difficult to weld materials including dissimilar aluminium alloys. With regard to FSW dissimilar aluminium alloys, the tool axis offset and relative positioning of alloys are also reported to be important. In this article, a comprehensive discussion on the influence of tool axis offset and relative positioning of the materials on the joint performance that reported in the literature is presented. The literature showed that there is uniqueness in the value and sign of the tool axis offset that can result defect free joint with good joint properties. With regard to relative positioning of the materials also, conflicting arguments are reported in the literature.