bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term outcomes of pulmonary metastasectomy: a multicentre analysis
Authors: Yaftian Nima , Dunne Benjamin , Antippa Phillip N. , Cheung Francis P. , Wright Gavin M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany extrapulmonary neoplasms metastasize to the lungs. We conducted a retrospective review of all patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy for oligometastatic disease at two centres in order to determine long‐term outcomes.MethodsThe study institutions' thoracic surgery databases were searched for all patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy from 2000 to 2017.ResultsThere were a total of 476 patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy. Mean age at time of surgery was 57.2 ± 15.9 years. Mean number of pulmonary lesions was 1.9 ± 1.6. Mean disease‐free interval (DFI) was 3.6 ± 4.3 years. The most common primary neoplasms were colorectal cancer (CRC) in 35.1% (167/476), sarcoma in 23.9% (114/476), melanoma in 16.2% (77/478), renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in 7.3% (35/476) and germ cell tumour (GCT) in 4.4% (21/476). Hospital mortality was 0.4% (2/476). Mean follow‐up time was 3.8 ± 2.9 years. Survival was 88.9% (95% confidence interval 85.77–91.5) at 1 year and 49.6% (95% confidence interval 44.4–54.6) at 5 years. On multivariate Cox‐regression analysis GCT (P = 0.004), CRC (P = 0.03), DFI of 36+ months (P = 0.007), R0 resection (P = 0.002) and non‐anatomical, sub‐lobar (wedge) resection (P = 0.002) were protective against mortality.ConclusionPulmonary metastasectomy is associated with survival of 50% at 5‐year follow‐up. DFI of over 36 months, R0 resections, lesions resectable by wedge resection rather than anatomic resection and GCT and CRC primary cancers were associated with improved survival.
Impact of changing gloves during cesarean section on postoperative infective complications: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Narice Brenda F , Almeida Joana R , Farrell Tom , Madhuvrata Priya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe cesarean section rate around the world, currently estimated at 21.1%, continues to increase. Women who undergo a cesarean section sustain a seven‐ to ten‐fold greater risk of infective morbidity compared with those who deliver vaginally.Material and methodsWe aimed to assess the impact of changing gloves intraoperatively on post‐cesarean section infective morbidity (PROSPERO CRD42018110529). MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, WHO Global Index Medicus, and Cochrane Central were searched for randomized controlled trials until June 2020. Published randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of glove changing during cesarean section on infective complications were considered eligible for the review. Two reviewers independently selected studies, assessed the risk of bias, and extracted data about interventions and adverse maternal outcomes. Dichotomous variables were presented and included in the meta‐analyses as risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The quality of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach in alignment with the recommendations from the Cochrane Review Group.ResultsWe identified seven randomized controlled trials reporting data over 1948 women. Changing gloves during a cesarean section was associated with a statistically significantly lower incidence of wound infective complications (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.26–0.65, p < 0.0001; GRADE moderate quality evidence). This intervention seemed to be effective only if performed after delivery of the placenta. No significant difference was seen in the incidence of endometritis (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.78–1.20, p = 0.74; GRADE moderate quality evidence) and/or febrile morbidity (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.30–1.81, p = 0.50; GRADE moderate quality evidence), regardless of the timing of the intervention.ConclusionsChanging gloves after delivery of the placenta during a cesarean section is associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of post‐surgical wound complications compared with keeping the same gloves throughout the whole surgery. However, an adequately powered study to assess the limitations and cost‐effectiveness of the intervention is needed before this recommendation can be translated into current clinical practice.
Pharmacovigilance‐based drug repurposing: The search for inverse signals via OpenVigil identifies putative drugs against viral respiratory infections
Authors: Böhm Ruwen , Bulin Claudia , Waetzig Vicki , Cascorbi Ingolf , Klein Hans‐Joachim , Herdegen Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AimsPharmacovigilance data are primarily used to identify adverse drug reactions by screening for disproportionate reporting, i.e. more reports of certain combinations of adverse events and drugs than expected. However, scanning for associations of drugs and adverse events that occur less frequently than expected provides hypotheses for drug repurposing, i.e. a known drug could be therapeutically beneficial for a new indication such as the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19). As coronavirus‐related adverse events are scarce in pharmacovigilance data prior to 2020, we searched for drugs suitable against similar viral diseases.MethodsIn this observational, retrospective, pharmacovigilance study, drugs associated with viral respiratory tract infections and/or diseases caused by RNA‐viruses, which are phylogenetically similar to SARS‐CoV‐2, were extracted from the US FAERS pharmacovigilance data 2004Q1 to 2020Q2 using OpenVigil 2.1‐MedDRA17, filtered for significant inverse associations (reporting odds ratio <1 and adjusted P < .05), checked for implausibility (e.g. only topically) or clinical infeasibility (e.g. strong cytotoxic effects), and categorised by their World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification code.ResultsA total of 126 drugs were identified. Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical clustering of the manually curated list of 112 candidate drugs revealed female sex hormones, antidiabetics, neuropharmacological sigma‐receptor modulators, peptidase inhibitors, antiviral drugs, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists and tyrosine kinase inhibitors as putatively antiviral.ConclusionScanning for inverse signals in pharmacovigilance data provides new hypotheses for drug repurposing, theoretically for all indications. Concerning the treatment of viral respiratory infections, there are affirmative data for some candidate drugs; the remaining proposed candidate drugs without already known antiviral mechanism of action should stimulate further exploration.
Semiparametric estimation of structural nested mean models with irregularly spaced longitudinal observations
Authors: Yang Shu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStructural nested mean models (SNMMs) are useful for causal inference of treatment effects in longitudinal observational studies. Most existing works assume that the data are collected at prefixed time points for all subjects, which, however, may be restrictive in practice. To deal with irregularly spaced observations, we assume a class of continuous‐time SNMMs and a martingale condition of no unmeasured confounding (NUC) to identify the causal parameters. We develop the semiparametric efficiency theory and locally efficient estimators for continuous‐time SNMMs. This task is nontrivial due to the restrictions from the NUC assumption imposed on the SNMM parameter. In the presence of ignorable censoring, we show that the complete‐case estimator is optimal among a class of weighting estimators including the inverse probability of censoring weighting estimator, and it achieves a double robustness feature in that it is consistent if at least one of the models for the potential outcome mean function and the treatment process is correctly specified. The new framework allows us to conduct causal analysis respecting the underlying continuous‐time nature of data processes. The simulation study shows that the proposed estimator outperforms existing approaches. We estimate the effect of time to initiate highly active antiretroviral therapy on the CD4 count at year 2 from the observational Acute Infection and Early Disease Research Program database.
Developing an early childhood oral health impact–specific health‐state classification system for a new preference‐based instrument, the ECOHIS‐4D
Authors: Kularatna Sanjeewa , Amilani Uttara , Senanayake Sameera , Tonmukayakul Utsana , Jamieson Lisa , Arrow Peter 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesMost of the paediatric quality‐of‐life instruments in oral health research are not preference‐based measures, thus cannot be used in economic evaluations. The Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) is one such instrument which assesses oral health impact on children's quality of life among three‐ to five‐year‐olds. With increasing demands for more resource allocation in oral health care, there is a need for an outcome metric which can be used as the outcome in economic evaluations. The aim of this study was to develop a preference‐based, health‐state classification system from the existing ECOHIS instrument.MethodsThe 13‐item ECOHIS instrument was applied to the carers of 280 preschoolers who participated in a clinical trial in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to assess the dimensionality of the ECOHIS. Rasch analysis was used to eliminate and select items per determined dimensions and to reduce the number of response options for each item, because six levels were not amenable to valuation. The final classification system was determined through a combination of psychometric and expert advice.ResultsItems loaded on to four dimensions with the factor analysis. Using Rasch analysis, three items were selected from the first dimension (child functional and psychological impact) and one item from the second dimension (child social interaction impact). None were selected from the third dimension (parental distress and family function impact) as it is not an appropriate proxy method of measuring the level of impact on a child. The final classification system has four dimensions with three levels in each, and so it has been named the ECOHIS‐4D.ConclusionsThe ECOHIS‐4D classification system is a new preference‐based instrument derived from the existing ECOHIS instrument. Future valuation studies will develop a utility value set for the health states defined by this classification system, and this will guide economic evaluations related to oral health interventions.
Fear of nature, fear of self, fear of society: Psychic defense mechanisms in Adorno's theory of culture and experience
Authors: Hedrick Todd 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper argues that the diagnostic import of Adorno's culture industry writings lie in their psychoanalytically rooted claim that contemporary culture is losing its ability to negate and reconfigure experience, due to the modern subject's instrumentalized relationship to culture. Adorno uses psychoanalytic ideas—namely, modified and historicized versions of Freud's theory of the instincts, ego formation, the reality principle, and the superego—to show that changes in the social organization of the psyche, which track the transition from myth to enlightenment, put the ego in a precarious position, torn between a primal fear of nature that drives it to submit to society, and internalized fear of its own internal nature, as well as of losing itself in society. This explains how culture becomes a resource capable of being mobilized by the ego's defense mechanisms of identification and introjection to shore up its own sense of solidity, thereby negating culture's potential for transcendence or transformation. This paper concludes with a coda that suggests that, while rejecting Adorno's metacritique of the reason is not sufficient grounds for rejecting the culture industry, critical theorists like Habermas and Honneth may have other tools at their disposal for contesting its conclusions.
Evaluation of the use of an endotracheal tube as a novel method of short‐term haemostasis in post‐operative paranasal sinus surgery in three horses
Authors: Melly V. , Baia P. 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThis case series describes placement of an endotracheal tube (ETT) with an air‐inflated cuff within surgically created sinonasal windows as a technique of post‐operative haemostasis. A frontonasal bone flap and a sinonasal window were performed routinely in three standing horses with paranasal sinus disease. In Case 1, the fistula was initially gauze packed, which controlled haemorrhage until concerns of gauze dislodgement necessitated removal 8 h post‐operatively. Severe haemorrhage ensued, requiring emergency passage of an ETT and cuff inflation for control. In Cases 2 and 3, the ETT was placed electively intraoperatively for post‐operative haemostasis. The ETT was easy to use in the standing horse and no discomfort or complications were recorded. It adequately controlled haemorrhage post‐operatively by application of controlled pressure to the nasal and sinus vasculature. ETT cuff placement and inflation over surgically created sinonasal windows has the potential to provide simple and reliable haemostasis following standing sinus‐flap surgery without the reported complications of conventionally used methods.
Microbial helpers allow cyanobacteria to thrive in ferruginous waters
Authors: Szeinbaum Nadia , Toporek Yael J. , Reinhard Christopher T. , Glass Jennifer B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Great Oxidation Event (GOE) was a rapid accumulation of oxygen in the atmosphere as a result of the photosynthetic activity of cyanobacteria. This accumulation reflected the pervasiveness of O2 on the planet's surface, indicating that cyanobacteria had become ecologically successful in Archean oceans. Micromolar concentrations of Fe2+ in Archean oceans would have reacted with hydrogen peroxide, a byproduct of oxygenic photosynthesis, to produce hydroxyl radicals, which cause cellular damage. Yet, cyanobacteria colonized Archean oceans extensively enough to oxygenate the atmosphere, which likely required protection mechanisms against the negative impacts of hydroxyl radical production in Fe2+‐rich seas. We identify several factors that could have acted to protect early cyanobacteria from the impacts of hydroxyl radical production and hypothesize that microbial cooperation may have played an important role in protecting cyanobacteria from Fe2+ toxicity before the GOE. We found that several strains of facultative anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria (Shewanella) with ROS defence mechanisms increase the fitness of cyanobacteria (Synechococcus) in ferruginous waters. Shewanella species with manganese transporters provided the most protection. Our results suggest that a tightly regulated response to prevent Fe2+ toxicity could have been important for the colonization of ancient ferruginous oceans, particularly in the presence of high manganese concentrations and may expand the upper bound for tolerable Fe2+ concentrations for cyanobacteria.
Pridopidine reduces mutant huntingtin‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress by modulation of the Sigma‐1 receptor
Authors: Shenkman Marina , Geva Michal , Gershoni‐Emek Noga , Hayden Michael R. , Lederkremer Gerardo Z. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐localized Sigma‐1 receptor (S1R) is neuroprotective in models of neurodegenerative diseases, among them Huntington disease (HD). Recent clinical trials in HD patients and preclinical studies in cellular and mouse HD models suggest a therapeutic potential for the high‐affinity S1R agonist pridopidine. However, the molecular mechanisms of the cytoprotective effect are unclear. We have previously reported strong induction of ER stress by toxic mutant huntingtin (mHtt) oligomers, which is reduced upon sequestration of these mHtt oligomers into large aggregates. Here, we show that pridopidine significantly ameliorates mHtt‐induced ER stress in cellular HD models, starting at low nanomolar concentrations. Pridopidine reduced the levels of markers of the three branches of the unfolded protein response (UPR), showing the strongest effects on the PKR‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) branch. The effect is S1R‐dependent, as it is abolished in cells expressing mHtt in which the S1R was deleted using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. mHtt increased the level of the detergent‐insoluble fraction of S1R, suggesting a compensatory cellular mechanism that responds to increased ER stress. Pridopidine further enhanced the levels of insoluble S1R, suggesting the stabilization of activated S1R oligomers. These S1R oligomeric species appeared in ER‐localized patches, and not in the mitochondria‐associated membranes nor the ER‐derived quality control compartment. The colocalization of S1R with the chaperone BiP was significantly reduced by mHtt, and pridopidine restored this colocalization to normal, unstressed levels. Pridopidine increased toxic oligomeric mHtt recruitment into less toxic large sodium dodecyl sulfate‐insoluble aggregates, suggesting that this in turn reduces ER stress and cytotoxicity.
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Exploring the Impact of Shame on Health‐Related Quality of Life in Older Individuals
Authors: Mantzoukas Stefanos , Kotrotsiou Stiliani , Mentis Manolis , Paschou Athina , Diamantopoulos Epaminondas , Kotrotsiou Evangelia , Gouva Mary 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeTo explore the relationship between shame, ageing, physical disease, and quality of life in Greek older people.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional design using a stratified random cluster sample of older adults from Open Care Centers for the Elderly in the region of Epirus, Greece. Data were collected using (a) the Short Form‐36 Health Survey, (b) the Other As Shamer Scale, and (c) the Experience of Shame Scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.ResultsInternal shame was positively correlated with external shame (Pearson's r(177) =, p < .01), with negative effect on the mental component in both men and women (effect on women bW = ‐0.173, pW = .004, effect on men bM = ‐0.138, p​M = .047), b = path analysis beta coefficient and with a significant negative effect on the physical health component for men. External shame was found to have a significant negative effect on women's mental health (b = ‐0.266, p = .002) and a nonsignificant effect on the physical health component. Age was negatively related with the physical health component in both groups (bW = ‐0.392, pW = .002 and bM = ‐0.384, pM = .003), while the presence of a bodily disease corresponded with a lower physical health component score for men (b = ‐4.267, p = .033).ConclusionShame in older individuals is present in both sexes. Older males suffering from a physical disease displayed a greater decline of the health‐related quality of life on physical health components, leading to greater internal shame. Older females suffering from a physical disease displayed a greater decline of health‐related quality of life on mental health components, leading to greater external shame.Clinical RelevanceThese results indicate the need for developing assessment and care plans for older individuals that incorporate in them the concept of shame as a factor in dealing with and adapting to physical disease.
Supportive encounters during pregnancy and the postnatal period: An ethnographic study of care experiences of parents in a vulnerable position
Authors: Frederiksen Marianne Stistrup , Schmied Virginia , Overgaard Charlotte 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPregnant women and partners with psychological and/or social challenges are exposed to adverse health outcomes. It is therefore recommended that they receive targeted maternity care services. The relationship between parents and professionals is key to help parents engage with services and experience them as supportive. However, more knowledge is needed on parents’ care experiences during encounters with professionals to further understand when and how these are experienced as supportive.ObjectivesThis study aimed at identifying the key elements of supportive care practices by exploring how parents in vulnerable positions experience their relationship and encounters with the professionals involved in their pregnancy and postnatal care.DesignEthnographic fieldwork was conducted in a Danish municipality, including 50 semi‐structured interviews with parents and 51 field visits during parent‐professional encounters, including informal interviews and participant observation. Using a purposive recruitment strategy, 26 women and 13 men were recruited, who varied in age, socioeconomic background and vulnerability factors. COREQ reporting guidelines were used.ResultsThe analysis identified five themes: (a) Having a voice: Feeling listened to, (b) Being met with empathy: Feeling understood, (c) Worthy of attention: Feeling taken seriously, (d) On equal terms: Feeling like a normal family and (e) Moving in the right direction: Feeling reassured.ConclusionPositive care experiences facilitate engagement with services and professionals as this contribute to parents feeling included, respected and safe. Conversely, negative care experiences leave parents feeling excluded, judged and anxious, potentially reinforcing and adding to existing feelings of anxiety and stigma. This requires that professionals have good communication skills and are able to approach parents in an open and non‐judgmental way.Relevance to clinical practiceUnderstanding the significance of supportive care practices is paramount for health visitors, midwives and other professionals involved in providing for parents in vulnerable positions during pregnancy and the postnatal period.
Workaholism, presenteeism, work–family conflicts and personal and work outcomes: Testing a moderated mediation model
Authors: Gillet Nicolas , Austin Stéphanie , Fernet Claude , Sandrin Emilie , Lorho Fanny , Brault Stéphanie , Becker Margaux , Aubouin Bonnaventure Julia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesWhile research suggests that nurses who experience work–family conflicts (WFC) are less satisfied and perform less well, these negative outcomes may be more important for some nurses. This study proposes a mediated moderation model wherein the interaction between two individual characteristics, workaholism and presenteeism, relates to family life satisfaction and work performance with WFC mediating these relationships.BackgroundBecause a limited number of nursing studies have examined the potential outcomes of workaholism and presenteeism, we extend past research to address the question of how workaholism and presenteeism affect nurses’ functioning.DesignWe used a cross‐sectional questionnaire survey design to test our hypotheses. STROBE guidelines for cross‐sectional research were followed in designing and reporting this study.MethodsA total of 419 nurses completed measures of workaholism, presenteeism, WFC, family life satisfaction and work performance.ResultsResults revealed that the relationships between workaholism and outcomes (family life satisfaction and work performance) through WFC were stronger among nurses characterised by high levels of presenteeism.ConclusionsThese results revealed that high presenteeism may exacerbate the negative relationships of workaholism to family life satisfaction and work performance through WFC.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare organisations and managers should consider addressing work environment factors in their efforts to reduce the negative outcomes (e.g., low family satisfaction and work performance) of nurses’ workaholism, presenteeism and WFC.