bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in femoral component subsidence rate after THA using an uncemented collarless femoral stem: full weight-bearing with an enhanced recovery rehabilitation versus partial weight-bearing
Authors: Leiss Franziska , Götz Julia Sabrina , Meyer Matthias , Maderbacher Günther , Reinhard Jan , Parik Lukas , Grifka Joachim , Greimel Felix 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Femoral component subsidence is a known risk factor for early failure of total hip arthroplasty (THA) using cementless stems. The aim of the study was to compare an enhanced recovery concept with early full weight-bearing rehabilitation and partial weight-bearing on stem subsidence. In addition, the influence of patient-related and anatomical risk factors on subsidence shall be assessed.

Methods
One hundred and fourteen patients underwent primary cementless THA and were retrospectively analyzed. Sixty-three patients had an enhanced recovery rehabilitation with early full weight-bearing and 51 patients had rehabilitation with partial weight-bearing (20 kg) for 6 weeks. Postoperative subsidence was analyzed on standing pelvic anterior–posterior radiographs after 4 weeks and 1 year. Subsidence was measured in mm. Anatomical and prosthetic risk factors (stem size, canal flare index, canal fill ratio as well as BMI and demographic data) were correlated.

Results
Femoral stem subsidence rate was significantly higher for the group with an enhanced recovery concept compared to the group with partial weight-bearing at the first radiological follow up after 4 weeks [2.54 mm (SD ± 1.86) vs. 1.55 mm (SD ± 1.80)] and the second radiological follow up after 1 year [3.43 mm (SD ± 2.24) vs. 1.94 (SD ± 2.16)] (p < 0.001, respectively). Stem angulation > 3° had a significant influence on subsidence. Canal flare index and canal fill ratio showed no significant correlation with subsidence as well as BMI and age.

Conclusion
In the present study, cementless stem subsidence was significantly higher in the group with enhanced recovery rehabilitation compared to partial weight-bearing. Small absolute values and differences were demonstrated and therefore possibly below clinical relevance. Anatomical radiological parameters and anthropometric data did not appear to be risk factors for stem subsidence.
Occurrence of status epilepticus in persons with epilepsy is determined by sex, epilepsy classification, and etiology: a single center cohort study
Authors: Langenbruch Lisa , Strippel Christine , Görlich Dennis , Elger Christian E. , Möddel Gabriel , Meuth Sven G. , Kellinghaus Christoph , Wiendl Heinz , Kovac Stjepana 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Status epilepticus (SE) can occur in persons with or without epilepsy and is associated with high morbidity and mortality.

Methods
This survey aimed to record self-reported frequency of SE in persons with epilepsy, its association with clinical characteristics and patient level of information on SE and rescue medication. 251 persons with epilepsy at a tertiary epilepsy center were included in the study.

Results
87 (35%) had a history of SE defined as seizure duration of more than 5 min. These patients were less likely to be seizure-free, and had a higher number of present and past anti-seizure medication. Female sex, cognitive disability, younger age at epilepsy onset, defined epilepsy etiology, and focal epilepsy were associated with a history of SE. On Cox regression analysis, female sex, defined etiology and focal classification remained significant. 67% stated that they had information about prolonged seizures, and 75% knew about rescue medication. 85% found it desirable to receive information about SE at the time of initial diagnosis of epilepsy, but only 16% had been offered such information at the time.

Conclusion
SE is frequent among persons with epilepsy and there remain unmet needs regarding patient education.
Feasibility of a community-based cancer awareness initiative: views of those delivering and managing the intervention
Authors: Mueller Julia , Parry-Harries Emily , Clough Gary , Verma Arpana 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Aim
Many people delay presenting to health services with cancer symptoms due to lack of awareness, particularly in areas of high socio-economic deprivation. A three-year community-based intervention was launched in Northwest England to improve public awareness of cancer symptoms. In this study, we aimed to evaluate this intervention by exploring the views of those involved in its management and delivery.

Methods
Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with volunteers as well as members of the project management and steering group. Interviews were analysed qualitatively using thematic analysis.

Results
Participants felt they succeeded in raising awareness, influencing behaviour, connecting with local communities and engaging with vulnerable people. Participants perceived some weaknesses in the delivery of the intervention, including limited engagement of stakeholders, particularly general practitioners (GPs), and socially excluded groups.

Conclusions
Future public health interventions should pay particular attention to engagement of socially excluded individuals who do not interact with community events or groups, and to the engagement of stakeholders in early planning stages of the intervention. This should involve a specific GP engagement plan.
Significance of flow rule for the passive earth pressure problem
Authors: Schmüdderich Christoph , Tschuchnigg Franz , Schweiger Helmut F. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDetermination of earth pressures is one of the fundamental tasks in geotechnical engineering. Although many different methods have been utilized to present passive earth pressure coefficients, the influence of non-associated plasticity on the passive earth pressure problem has not been discussed intensively. In this study, finite-element limit analysis and displacement finite-element analysis are applied for frictional materials. Results are compared with selected data from literature in terms of passive earth pressure coefficients, shape of failure mechanism and robustness of the numerical simulation. The results of this study show that passive earth pressure coefficients determined with an associated flow rule are comparable to the Sokolovski solution. However, comparison with a non-associated flow rule reveals that passive earth pressure coefficients are significantly over predicted when following an associated flow rule. Moreover, this study reveals that computational costs for determination of passive earth pressure are considerably larger following a non-associated flow rule. Additionally, the study shows that numerical instabilities arise and failure surfaces become non-unique. It is shown that this problem may be overcome by applying the approach suggested by Davis (Soil Mech 341–354, 1968).
Over 50 Years of Potato Parental Line Breeding Programme at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute in Poland
Authors: Zimnoch-Guzowska Ewa , Flis Bogdan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe paper describes the potato parental line breeding programme developed in Poland from the 1960s. The aim of the programme was to create parental forms useful for speeding up the breeding of new potato varieties and getting higher efficiency in directed selection for desired traits. The programme introduced new sources of resistance and quality traits into the Polish breeding pool by conducting research and breeding of tetraploid and diploid parental lines. The programme had significant impact on potato breeding, with 72 Polish potato varieties originating from crossings involving parental lines. These varieties show higher levels of resistance to major pathogens of potato crops, including resistance to Potato virus Y and late blight in starch group. Besides the direct impact on potato breeding, the programme was the stimulus for developing studies focused on potato genotype.
Simultaneously Efficient Solar Light Harvesting and Charge Transfer of Hollow Octahedral Cu2S/CdS p–n Heterostructures for Remarkable Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Zhang Yanting , Ran Lei , Li Zhuwei , Zhai Panlong , Zhang Bo , Fan Zhaozhong , Wang Chen , Zhang Xiaomeng , Hou Jungang , Sun Licheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSolar-driven water splitting is a promising alternative to industrial hydrogen production. This study reports an elaborate design and synthesis of the integration of cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots and cuprous sulfide (Cu2S) nanosheets as three-dimensional (3D) hollow octahedral Cu2S/CdS p–n heterostructured architectures by a versatile template and one-pot sulfidation strategy. 3D hierarchical hollow nanostructures can strengthen multiple reflections of solar light and provide a large specific surface area and abundant reaction sites for photocatalytic water splitting. Owing to the construction of the p–n heterostructure as an ideal catalytic model with highly matched band alignment at Cu2S/CdS interfaces, the emerging internal electric field can facilitate the space separation and transfer of photoexcited charges between CdS and Cu2S and also enhance charge dynamics and prolong charge lifetimes. Notably, the unique hollow Cu2S/CdS architectures deliver a largely enhanced visible-light-driven hydrogen generation rate of 4.76 mmol/(g·h), which is nearly 8.5 and 476 times larger than that of pristine CdS and Cu2S catalysts, respectively. This work not only paves the way for the rational design and fabrication of hollow photocatalysts but also clarifies the crucial role of unique heterostructure in photocatalysis for solar energy conversion.
Targeting the CCL2-CCR2 axis in depressive disorders
Authors: Curzytek Katarzyna , Leśkiewicz Monika 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSince affective disorders are considered to be underlain by the immune system malfunction, an important role in their pathophysiology is assigned to the proinflammatory mediators. Recently, chemokines, the group of chemotactic cytokines, have become a focus for basic and clinical scientists in the context of the development and treatment of brain diseases. Among them, chemokine CCL2 and its main receptor CCR2 have become candidate mediators of abnormal brain-immune system dialogue in depression. Besides the chemotactic activity, the CCL2-CCR2 axis is involved in various neurobiological processes, neurogenesis, neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, as well as neuroregeneration. Given the range of immunomodulatory possibilities that the CCL2-CCR2 pair can exert on the nervous system, its proinflammatory properties were initially thought to be a major contributor to the development of depressive disorders. However, further research suggests that the malfunctions of the nervous system are rather associated with impaired homeostatic properties manifested by the CCL2-CCR2 dyad dysfunctions. This review aims to present literature data on the action of the CCL2-CCR2 axis in the central nervous system under physiological and pathological conditions, as well as the contribution of this ligand-receptor system to the processes underlying affective disorders. Additionally, this article draws attention to the importance of the CCL2-CRR2 pathway as a potential pharmacological target with antidepressant potential.
Timing of Complication and Failure to Rescue after Hepatectomy: Single-Institution Analysis of 28 Years of Hepatic Surgery
Authors: Saadat Lily V. , Goldman Debra A. , Gonen Mithat , Soares Kevin C. , Wei Alice C. , Balachandran Vinod P. , Kingham Peter T , Drebin Jeffrey , Jarnagin William R. , D'Angelica Michael I. 
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND:
Morbidity after hepatectomy remains a significant, potentially preventable, outcome. Understanding the pattern of complications and rescue pathways is critical for the development of targeted initiatives intended to salvage patients after operative morbidity.

STUDY DESIGN:
Patients undergoing liver resection from 1991 to 2018 at a single institution were analyzed. Failure to rescue (FTR) was defined as percentage of deaths in patients with a complication within 30 days. Generalized estimating equations with log-link function assessed associations between clinical characteristics and major complications and between complications at fewer than 30 days and 30 to 90 days. Logistic regression assessed associations between complications and FTR.

RESULTS:
A total of 6,191 patients and 6,668 operations were identified, of which 55.6% were performed for management of metastatic colorectal cancer. Major complications (grade ≥3) occurred in 20.2% of operations (1,346 of 6,668). Ninety-day mortality was 2.2%. The most common complication was intra-abdominal abscess at 9.0% (95% CI, 8.3% to 9.7%). Ten percent of patients with a complication at 30 days had another complication between 30 and 90 days compared with 2% without an early complication (odds ratio [OR] 5.09; 95% CI, 3.97 to 6.54; p < 0.001). FTR for liver failure, cardiac arrest, abscess, and hemorrhage was 36%, 56%, 3%, and 6%, respectively. Risk of 90-day mortality was higher in patients with liver failure (53% vs 2%; OR 61.42; 95% CI, 37.47 to 100.67; p < 0.001), cardiac arrest (69% vs 2%; OR 96.95; 95% CI, 33.23 to 283.80; p < 0.001), hemorrhage (11% vs 2%; OR 5.51; 95% CI, 2.59 to 11.73; p < 0.001), and abscess (7% vs 2%; OR 4.05; 95% CI, 2.76 to 5.94; p < 0.001) compared with those without these complications.

CONCLUSIONS:
Morbidity after hepatectomy is frequent despite low mortality. This study identifies targets for improvement in morbidity and failure to rescue after hepatectomy. Efforts to improve recognition and intervention for infections and early complications are needed to improve outcomes.
Higher-order statistical moments to analyse Arctic sea-ice drift patterns
Authors: Kaur Satwant , Lukovich Jennifer V. , Ehn Jens K. , Barber David G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGeophysical systems are often assumed to follow Gaussian probability density functions; however, deviations from Gaussian behaviour can shed light on the underlying dynamics. For the large-scale motion of the Arctic sea ice, such deviations have been interpreted as signatures of structure in dynamic flow fields. In this study, we use higher-order moments (skewness and kurtosis) to identify spatiotemporal changes in the Beaufort Gyre (BG) and the Transpolar Drift (TPD) sea-ice drift patterns. Higher-order moments of satellite-derived ice drift speeds are examined over the winter period of 2006–2017 to describe the persistence of features like the BG and TPD, and their variation over time. Index patterns indicate that the periphery of the BG can be identified by a combination of high positive skewness and high kurtosis in the ice drift time series on an annual basis.
The Future of Tort Litigation against Transnational Corporations in the English Courts: Is Forum [Non] Conveniens Back?
Authors: ARISTOVA Ekaterina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article examines private international law issues raised by civil liability cases commenced in the courts of home states against transnational corporations concerning their alleged involvement in the overseas human rights violations. These claims have been particularly successful in the United Kingdom, where in the last several years the framework of Brussels I Regulation (recast) and English common law rules made it appropriate for the English courts to assert jurisdiction over corporate defendants without the possibility of subjecting claims against the parent companies to forum non conveniens control. In 2019, however, the Supreme Court in a high-profile case Lungowe v Vedanta Resources plc expressed doubts as to whether England should always constitute a proper forum for litigating overseas wrongs arising from the operations of British multinationals. The article aims to assess how the search of the most appropriate forum to litigate the dispute might impact victims of business-related human rights abuses in the post-Brexit environment and propose avenues for legal change.
Can alternative anatomical sites and environmental surveillance replace perianal screening for multidrug-resistant organisms in nursing homes?
Authors: Gontjes Kyle J. , Gibson Kristen E. , Lansing Bonnie , Cassone Marco , Mody Lona 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPerianal screening can be intrusive. The sensitivities of multianatomical, nonperianal surveillance were 92.3% for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 58.7% for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and 54.9% for resistant Gram-negative bacilli (R-GNB). Sensitivities improved upon adding environmental surveillance (95.5%, 82.9%, and 67.9%, respectively). Multianatomical, nonperianal screening and room environment surveillance may replace perianal screening and reduce healthy participant bias in nursing homes.
Estimating the excess bed days and economic burden of healthcare-associated infections in Singapore public acute-care hospitals
Authors: Cai Yiying , Venkatachalam Indumathi , Kwa Andrea L. , Tambyah Paul A. , Hsu Li Yang , Marimuthu Kalisvar , Graves Nicholas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe estimated the annual bed days lost and economic burden of healthcare-associated infections to Singapore hospitals using Monte Carlo simulation. The mean (standard deviation) cost of a single healthcare-associated infection was S$1,809 (S$440) [or US$1,362 (US$331)]. This translated to annual lost bed days and economic burden of 55,978 (20,506) days and S$152.0 million (S$37.1 million) [or US$114.4 million (US$27.9 million)], respectively.
Social Investment, Employment and Policy and Institutional Complementarities: A Comparative Analysis across 26 OECD Countries
Authors: BAKKER VINCENT , VAN VLIET OLAF 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRaising employment has been at the heart of EU strategies for over twenty years. Social investment, by now a widely debated topic in the comparative welfare state literature, has been suggested as a way to pursue this. However, there are only a couple of systematic comparative analyses that focus on the employment outcomes associated with social investment. Analyses of the interdependence of these policies with regard to their outcomes are even more scarce. We empirically analyse the extent to which variation in employment rates within 26 OECD countries over the period 1990-2010 can be explained by effort on five social investment policies. We additionally explore the role of policy and institutional complementarities. Using time-series cross-section analyses we find robust evidence for a positive association between effort on ALMPs and employment rates. For other policies we obtain mixed results. ALMPs are the only policies for which we observe signs of policy interdependence, which point at diminishing marginal returns. Additionally, our analysis demonstrates that the interdependence of social investment policies varies across welfare state regimes. Together, this indicates that the employment outcomes of social investment policies are also contingent on the broader framework of welfare state policies and institutions.
A Failed Experiment: Okinawan Indents and the Postwar Torres Strait Pearlshelling Industry, 1958–1963
Authors: Shnukal Anna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThroughout its European history, Australia has solved recurrent labor shortages by importing workers from overseas. Situated on shipping lanes between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the northern Australian pearlshelling industry became a significant locus of second-wave transnational labor flows (1870–1940) and by the 1880s was dependent on indentured workers from the Pacific and Southeast Asia. Exempted from the racially discriminatory Immigration Restriction Act of 1901, indentured Asian seamen, principally Japanese, maintained the industry until the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941. The Torres Strait pearlshelling industry, centered on Thursday Island in Far North Queensland, resumed in 1946 amid general agreement that the Japanese must not return. Nevertheless, in 1958, 162 Okinawan pearling indents arrived on Thursday Island in a controversial attempt to restore the industry's declining fortunes. This article is intended as a contribution to the history of transnational labor movements. It consults a range of sources to document this “Okinawan experiment,” the last large-scale importation of indentured Asian labor into Australia. It examines Australian Commonwealth-state tensions in formulating and adopting national labor policy; disputes among Queensland policy makers; the social characteristics of the Okinawan cohort; and local Indigenous reactions. Also discussed are the economics of labor in the final years of the Torres Strait pearling industry. This study thus extends our knowledge of transnational labor movements and the intersection of early postwar Australian-Asian relations with Queensland Indigenous labor policy. It also foreshadows contemporary Indigenous demands for control of local marine resources.
Tilting at windmills: Reparations and the International Criminal Court
Authors: Moffett Luke , Sandoval Clara 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMore than 20 years on from the signing of the Rome Statute, delivering victim-centred justice through reparations has been fraught with legal and practical challenges. The Court’s jurisprudence on reparations only began to emerge from 2012 and struggles to find purchase on implementation on the ground. In its first few cases of Lubanga, Katanga, and Al Mahdi the eligibility and forms of reparations have been limited to certain victims, subject to years of litigation, and faced difficulties in delivery due to ongoing insecurity. This is perhaps felt most acutely in the Bemba case, where more than 5,000 victims of murder, rape and pillage were waiting for redress, and the defendant was not indigent, but where he was later acquitted on appeal, thereby extinguishing reparation proceedings. This article critically appraises the jurisprudence and practice of the International Criminal Court (ICC) on reparations. It looks at competing principles and rationales for reparations at the Court in light of comparative practice in international human rights law and transitional justice processes to consider what is needed to ensure that the ICC is able to deliver on its reparations mandate. An underpinning argument is that reparations at the ICC cannot be seen in isolation from other reparation practices in the states where the Court operates. Reparative complementarity for victims of international crimes is essential to maximize the positive impact that the fulfilment of this right can have on victims and not to sacrifice the legitimacy of the Court, nor quixotically strive for the impossible.