bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection DETEKSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI KAPANG PADA PROSES BIODETERIORASI ARSIP FOTO MEMORY OF THE WORLD (MOW) RESTORASI CANDI BOROBUDUR
Authors: Riadi Imam 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
This study aims to identify the genus of mold in the biodeterioration process of the photo archive of Memory of the World (MoW) restoration of Borobudur Temple and the potential for the enzymatic activity of these molds. The type of research method chosen is descriptive qualitative. Starting with survey sampling and sampling. Inoculation of fungi using the streak method on PDA medium. Mold identification based on macroscopic and microscopic observations of fungi. The results of characterization were then identified using the matching profile method using the mold identification reference book. The identification results resulted in six genera of contaminant molds in the biodeterioration of the MoW photo archive of the Borobudur Temple restoration. The genera identified included: Acremonium (69.66 %%), Penicillium (14.59%), Aspergillus (3.36%), Culvularia (2.24%) Fusarium (1.12%), and Pleurostomophora (1.12%) and some sterile mycelia. The types of biodeterioration in the photo collection include mold growth, discolored spots, peeling off layers, and damage to the substrate in the photo. Based on literature search, all mold genera found as the cause of biodeterioration has the potential to have proteinase, gelatinase, and cellulase enzymes.
Keywords: Biodeterioration; Mold; Photograph; Memory of the World; Borobudur Temple
Morfologi dan Citra Kota Kawasan Kauman, Kecamatan Juwana, Kabupaten Pati
Authors: Adiguna Wildansyah Firdaus , Triyanti Marisa 
Published: July 2021

ENGLISHPhysical elements to form city image that can be perceived through the function, location, and character of a certain urban area, are the keys to obtain the image of city. Kauman is a developing urban area in Juwana Sub-district, Pati Regency. This research aims to identify the elements of urban morphology and the forming elements of the city image in Kauman through the mental map method, based on the perceptions, experiences, memories, and feelings of its community. This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach. This study used Trancik’s theory to investigate urban morphology and used Lynch's theory to identify the forming elements of the city image. The urban morphology of Kauman was arranged as follows: solid elements were found in figure-ground, 1 point single block, and 2 groups at Jalan W.R. Supratman as multiple blocks. Meanwhile, void elements found 2 points. Linkage elements found a point. There are 3 styles of architecture still founded in Kauman, including Colonial, Javanese traditional, and Chinese style. Based on the analysis of the physical elements forming the Kauman Juwana image, it is arranged through 13 objects, there are 2 path elements, 4 edge elements, 3 district elements, 1 node element, and 3 landmark elements. INDONESIAElemen fisik pembentuk citra kota yang dapat dirasakan melalui fungsi, lokasi, dan karakter merupakan kunci untuk mengetahui gambaran citra kota tersebut. Kauman merupakan kawasan perkotaan di Kecamatan Juwana, Kabupaten Pati yang terus mengalami perkembangan berikut citranya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi elemen morfologi kota dan elemen pembentuk citra kota di Kauman melalui metode peta mental berdasarkan persepsi, pengalaman, ingatan, dan perasaan masyarakat Kauman. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan analisis deskriptif. Penelitian ini mengkaji elemen morfologi kota berdasarkan teori Trancik dan elemen pembentuk citra kota berdasarkan teori Lynch. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa morfologi Kota Kauman disusun melalui objek sebagai berikut elemen solid ditemukan pada figure ground, blok tunggal 1 titik, dan blok ganda ditemukan 2 kelompok di koridor Jalan W. R. Supratman, sedangkan elemen void ditemukan 2 elemen; linkage ditemukan 3 elemen; dan place ditemukan 1 titik. Penampakan bangunan berkarakter kuat yang mewakili suatu langgam atau gaya bangunan tertentu yang ditemukan yaitu bangunan bergaya Kolonial, Tradisional Jawa, dan Cina. Berdasarkan analisis, elemen fisik pembentuk citra Kauman Juwana disusun melalui 13 objek, meliputi 2 elemen jalur (path), 4 elemen batas (edge), 3 elemen kawasan (district), 1 elemen titik temu (nodes), dan 3 elemen penanda kawasan (landmark).
ANALISIS DIAMETER KAWAT SPRING DAN PANJANG LOWER MOUNTING SUSPENSI BELAKANG MOTOR MATIC
Authors: Listiyono Listiyono , Nurhadi Nurhadi - , Khambali Khambali 
Published: July 2021

The stability of the vehicle / motorbike is also determined by the suspension. Usually the suspension on the motor is installed right-left symmetrically. This is so that the vehicle load is evenly distributed if there is a shock / sudden load. But development and need negate each other.
Currently, the development of automatic motorbikes is quite rapid. This motorbike is designed to be sleek and nimble and easy to maintain. Therefore, the rear suspension of the automatic motorbike is installed on only one side. And this usually occurs during sharp turns and high speeds and if you go through uneven roads. For this reason, it is necessary to design the right suspension so that the vehicle can maintain stability even when turning or passing uneven roads. This instability is due to the large vibration of the vehicle. The objectives of this study are 1. To determine the effect of the size of the spring wire and the length of the mounting on the vibration frequency. 2. Find the diameter of the spring wire and the length of the mounting that will give a good vibration frequency. This study uses the Desaign Of Experiment method. Desaign factor 2, namely diameter of spring wire and length of muoting. Level 3 factor is 6 mm, 7 mm and 8 mm diameter. Mounting lengths of 30 mm, 35 mm and 40 mm. Data analysis using MINITAB program. From the analysis, it is found that 1. The diameter of the spring coil wire and the mounting has a significant effect on the vibration frequency of the automatic motor. 2. The best size for wire spring diameter for coil spring motor matic is 7 mm, while the thickness of the mounting is 37 mm.

Keywords: Suspension, Motorcycle, Spring Wire. Lower Mounting, vibration frequency
Tes Toleransi Glukosa Oral (TTGO) Pasca Pemberian Suspensi Kedelai Dibanding Suspensi Tempe pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus Galur Wistar) Diabetik
Authors: Masdar Huriatul , Hakiki Muhammad Radhiatul , Syahputra Muhammad Rafi , Satriasumatri Tommy , Putri Deskafiani , Bunaya Rizki , Juananda Desby 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Genistein, daidzein and glicytein are soybean’s isoflavones which have been known having anti diabetic effect. Fermentation process of soybean can lead to formation aglycan isoflavones which have higher bioavailability than unfermented-soybean. Aims: This research was aimed to evaluate the effect of soybean and tempeh (fermented-soybean) administration to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in diabetic rats. Method: Twenty male Rattus norvegicus Wistar strains were used in this experiment, divided into 4 groups: standard, negative control, soybean and tempeh group. Type 2 diabetes in rats was induced by giving streptozotocin (50 mg/kgBW) and nicotinamide (110 mg/kgBW) intraperitoneally. Blood glucose were measured by using blood glucose test meter and classified into diabetes if its level above 200 mg/dL. Soybean (200 mg/kgBW/day) and tempeh (200 mg/kgBW/day) suspension were given by using gastric tube for 30 days. Results: The results showed the means of either fasting blood glucose (FBG) or 2 hours post prandial blood glucose (2hPP) of negative control were persistent above 200 mg/dL on day 15th and 30th (p> 0,05). In soybean group there was a decrease the mean of FBG on day 15th (p<0.05) but did not reach the normal level, and on day 30th the mean of FBG was <200 mg/dL (p<0.05) however 2hPP blood glucose was still >200 mg/dL (p<0.05). Furthermore, in tempeh group, the means of either FBG or 2hPP blood glucose reached the normal level in day 15th and 30th (p <0.05). Conclusion: the provision of tempeh was better in controlling blood sugar levels than soybean.
CircSNHG5 Sponges Mir-495-3p and Modulates CITED2 to Protect Cartilage Endplate From Degradation
Authors: Zhang Jian , Hu Shen , Ding Rui , Yuan Jinghong , Jia Jingyu , Wu Tianlong , Cheng Xigao 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundIntervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a highly prevalent degenerating disease that produces tremendous amount of low back and neck pain. The cartilage endplate (CEP) is vitally important to intervertebral discs in both physiological and pathological conditions. In addition, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been shown to be involved in the regulation of various diseases, including IDD. However, the particular role of circRNAs in cervical vertebral CEP degeneration remains unclear. Here, we examined the unique role of circRNAs in CEP of patients with cervical fracture and degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM).MethodsHuman competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) microarray was performed by previous research. Western blot (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), luciferase assay, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were employed to analyze the function of circSNHG5 and its downstream effectors, miR-495-3p, and CITED2.ResultsWe demonstrated that circSNHG5 expression was substantially low in degenerative CEP tissues. Knockdown of circSNHG5 in chondrocytes resulted in a loss of cell proliferation and followed by degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM). In addition, circSNHG5 was shown to sponge miR-495-3p and modulate the expression of the downstream gene CITED2. This mechanism of action was further validated via overexpression and knockdown of CITED2.ConclusionOur findings identified a novel circSNHG5-miR-495-3p axis responsible for IDD progression. Future investigations into IDD therapy may benefit from targeting this axis.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics Among COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19 Pediatric Pneumonias: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Jia Zhongwei , Yan Xiangyu , Gao Liwei , Ding Shenggang , Bai Yan , Zheng Yuejie , Cui Yuxia , Wang Xianfeng , Li Jingfeng , Lu Gen , Xu Yi , Zhang Xiangyu , Li Junhua , Chen Ning , Shang Yunxiao , Han Mingfeng , Liu Jun , Zhou Hourong , Li Cen , Lu Wanqiu , Liu Jun , Wang Lina , Fan Qihong , Wu Jiang , Shen Hanling , Jiao Rong , Chen Chunxi , Gao Xiaoling , Tian Maoqiang , Lu Wei , Yang Yonghong , Wong Gary Wing-Kin , Wang Tianyou , Jin Runming , Shen Adong , Xu Baoping , Shen Kunling 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) brings new challenges for pediatricians, especially in the differentiation with non-COVID-19 pneumonia in the peak season of pneumonia. We aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of pediatric patients with COVID-19 and other respiratory pathogens infected pneumonias.MethodsWe conducted a multi-center, cross-sectional study of pediatric inpatients in China. Based on pathogenic test results, pediatric patients were divided into three groups, including COVID-19 pneumonia group, Non-COVID-19 viral (NCV) pneumonia group and Non-viral (NV) pneumonia group. Their clinical characteristics were compared by Kruskal-Wallis H test or chi-square test.ResultsA total of 636 pediatric pneumonia inpatients, among which 87 in COVID-19 group, 194 in NCV group, and 355 in NV group, were included in analysis. Compared with NCV and NV patients, COVID-19 patients were older (median age 6.33, IQR 2.00-12.00 years), and relatively fewer COVID-19 patients presented fever (63.2%), cough (60.9%), shortness of breath (1.1%), and abnormal pulmonary auscultation (18.4%). The results were verified by the comparison of COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza A (IFA) pneumonia patients. Approximately 42.5%, 44.8%, and 12.6% of the COVID-19 patients presented simply ground-glass opacity (GGO), simply consolidation, and the both changes on computed tomography (CT) scans, respectively; the proportions were similar as those in NCV and NV group (p&gt;0.05). Only 47.1% of COVID-19 patients had both lungs pneumonia, which was significantly lower than that proportion of nearly 80% in the other two groups. COVID-19 patients presented lower proportions of increased white blood cell count (16.5%) and abnormal procalcitonin (PCT) (10.7%), and a higher proportion of decreased lymphocyte count (44.0%) compared with the other two groups.ConclusionMajority clinical characteristics of pediatric COVID-19 pneumonia patients were milder than non-COVID-19 patients. However, lymphocytopenia remained a prominent feature of COVID-19 pediatric pneumonia.
Frequency of Bioprosthetic Valve Fracturing Utilization in an All-Comers Valve-in-Valve TAVR Cohort
Authors: Ruge Hendrik , Erlebach Magdalena , Lange Ruediger 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Valve-in-valve TAVR (ViV-TAVR) is an established treatment for failing surgical aortic valves in patient at high surgical risk. Elevated transprosthetic gradients are common after ViV-TAVR. Previously, bench tests showed feasibility of bioprosthetic valve fracturing (VF) using high-pressure balloons. Small case series show reduced transprosthetic gradients using VF. We present our clinical experience and outcome of VF.Material and Methods: Consecutive ViV-TAVR patients were identified from our institutional TAVR database and utilization of bioprosthetic valve fracturing or intraprocedural postdilatation was reviewed. Surgical valves were categorized as responsive or not responsive to VF. Transprosthetic gradients were compared in procedures with VF and procedures with or without postdilatation.Results: In 67 consecutive ViV-TAVR procedures between January 2018 and September 2020, VF was attempted in 15 cases with eight being successful. Standard postdilatation was performed in 21 patients and 31 cases were without postdilatation. Mean transprosthetic gradients (MPG) decreased from 34.2 + 12.5 to 12.7 + 7.4 mmHg (p &lt; 0.001) for all patients. MPG was 8.6 + 3.5 mmHg after VF, 12.9 + 8.5 mmHg after standard postdilatation (p = 0.18) and 13.4 + 6.8 mmHg in cases without postdilatation (p = 0.04). In small surgical valves with true inner diameter &lt;21 mm MPG was 9.1 + 3.5 mmHg after VF, 14.2 + 8.9 after standard postdilatation (p = 0.068) and 16.2 + 9.2 mmHg without postdilatation (p = 0.152). Failed attempts with BVF occurred with the Perimount standard valve.Conclusion: Bioprosthetic valve fracturing results in lower mean transprosthetic gradients after ViV-TAVR. Responsiveness of BVF in Perimount surgical valves, long-term hemodynamic outcome, and potential survival benefits need further evaluation.
The Reservoir Age Effect Varies With the Mobilization of Pre-Aged Organic Carbon in a High-Altitude Central Asian Catchment
Authors: Schroeter Natalie , Mingram Jens , Kalanke Julia , Lauterbach Stefan , Tjallingii Rik , Schwab Valérie F. , Gleixner Gerd 
Published: July 2021

Lake sediments provide excellent archives to study past environmental and hydrological changes at high temporal resolution. However, their utility is often restricted by chronological uncertainties due to the “reservoir age effect” (RAE), a phenomenon that results in anomalously old radiocarbon ages of total organic carbon (TOC) samples that is mainly attributed to the contribution of pre-aged carbon from aquatic organisms. Although the RAE is a well-known problem especially in high altitude lakes, detailed studies analyzing the temporal variations in the contribution of terrestrial and aquatic organic carbon (OC) on the RAE are scarce. This is partially due to the complexity of isolating individual compounds for subsequent compound-specific radiocarbon analysis (CSRA). We developed a rapid method for isolating individual short-chain (C16and C18) and long-chain (&gt;C24) saturated fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Our method introduces only minor contaminations (0.50 ± 0.22 µg dead carbon on average) and requires only few injections (≤10), therefore offering clear advantages over traditional preparative gas chromatography (prep-GC). Here we show that radiocarbon values (Δ14C) of long-chain FAs, which originate from terrestrial higher plant waxes, reflect carbon from a substantially pre-aged OC reservoir, whereas the Δ14C of short-chain FAs that originate from aquatic sources were generally less pre-aged.14C ages obtained from the long-chain FAs are in closer agreement with14C ages of the corresponding bulk TOC fraction, indicating a high control of pre-aged terrestrial OC input from the catchment on TOC-derived14C ages. Variations in the age offset between terrestrial and aquatic biomarkers are related to changes in bulk sediment log(Ti/K) that reflect variations in detrital input from the catchment. Our results indicate that the chronological offset between terrestrial and aquatic OC in this high-altitude catchment is mainly driven by temporal variations in the mobilization of pre-aged OC from the catchment. In conclusion, to obtain accurate and process-specific lake sediment chronologies, attention must be given to the temporal dynamics of the RAE. Variations in the apparent ages of aquatic and terrestrial contributions to the sediment and their mass balance can substantially alter the reservoir age effect.
Pharmacological Treatment in the Management of Chronic Subdural Hematoma
Authors: Wang Xing , Song Jinlei , He Qiang , You Chao 
Published: July 2021

Background: Several pharmacological treatments have been used to treat patients with chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH), although little is known about the comparative effectiveness of different classes of medication. We performed a Bayesian network meta-analysis to compare and rank the efficacy and safety of five drug regimens to determine the best treatment for this group of patients.Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Medline, clinicaltrials.gov, the Cochrane database, and Embase to identify relevant randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing drug treatments in adult patients with CSDH. A network meta-analysis was conducted using a Bayesian framework. Random- and fixed-effects models were used to pool the network results, and the preferred model was selected by comparing the deviance information criteria (DIC). Efficacy outcomes included recurrence requiring surgery, changes in hematoma volume, and a good recovery. The safety outcomes were treatment-related adverse events and all-cause mortality.Results: In this Bayesian network meta-analysis, available data were obtained from 12 eligible trials, including 2,098 patients and 5 techniques. Compared to placebo, atorvastatin (RR: 0.45, 95% CrI: 0.24–0.81) and dexamethasone (RR: 0.38, 95% CrI: 0.22–0.63) were similarly effective in reducing recurrence requiring surgery by 55% and 62%, respectively. Dexamethasone (RR: 0.46, 95% CrI: 0.23–0.91) was more effective in reducing recurrence requiring surgery than goreisan. Additionally, atorvastatin reduced the hematoma volume to a greater extent than placebo (MD: −7.44, 95% CrI: −9.49 to −5.43) or goreisan (MD: −14.09, 95% CrI: −23.35 to −4.82). Moreover, tranexamic acid (MD: −12.07, 95% CrI: −21.68 to −2.29) reduced the hematoma volume to a greater extent than goreisan. No significant differences were detected between drugs and placebo with regard to a good recovery. In terms of safety, dexamethasone (RR: 1.96, 95% CrI: 1.20–3.28) increased the risk of mortality compared to placebo.Conclusion: These findings suggest that dexamethasone is the best treatment to reduce recurrence and atorvastatin is the best treatment to reduce hematoma volume in patients with CSDH. However, clinicians should pay close attention to the elevated risk of all-cause mortality and potential adverse events caused by dexamethasone. Future well-designed RCTs with more participants are needed to verify these findings.Clinical Trial Registration:http://osf.io/u9hqp.
Abnormal Striatal-Cortical Networks Contribute to the Attention/Executive Function Deficits in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: A Resting State Functional MRI Study
Authors: Zhang Hong-Ju , Wang Sheng-Hui , Bai Ying-Ying , Zhang Jie-Wen , Chen Shuai 
Published: July 2021

IntroductionThe structural and functional damages of the striatum were evident in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). With the research on iRBD deepens, cognitive impairment in iRBD is getting increasing attention. However, the mechanism of cognitive impairment in iRBD was poorly understood.MethodsNeuropsychological assessment was carried out in 21 polysomnographies (PSGs) confirmed iRBD patients and 22 normal controls. Both regional homogeneity (ReHo) and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) rs-fMRI analyses were applied to explore the FC abnormalities and its association with cognition in iRBD patients. Positive ReHo clusters were set as seeds for further FC analysis.ResultsIdiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder patients presented cognitive deficits in attention/working memory, executive function, immediate memory, and visuo-spatial ability. ReHo analysis revealed abnormal spontaneous brain activities in the striatum (right caudate, left pallidum and bilateral putamen) in iRBD. FC analysis showed decreased striatum-related FCs in the frontal, temporal, occipital lobes, thalamus, anterior cingulate gyrus, as well as decreased intrinsic FCs between bilateral putamen and between caudate and pallidum. Deficits in attention/working memory, executive function, and immediate memory were associated with abnormal striatal-cortical FCs including frontal, temporal, and anterior cingulate cortices.ConclusionFunctional changes of striatum and cognitive impairment in iRBD were reconfirmed in the present study. Abnormal striatal-cortical networks, especially the striatal-frontal network, contribute to the working memory/executive function deficits in iRBDs. These findings supported the role of striatum not only in motor but also in cognition impairment in iRBD.
Predictors of Early and Late Infarct Growth in DEFUSE 3
Authors: Tate William J. , Polding Laura C. , Christensen Søren , Mlynash Michael , Kemp Stephanie , Heit Jeremy J. , Marks Michael P. , Albers Gregory W. , Lansberg Maarten G. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The goal of this study is to explore the impact of reperfusion and collateral status on infarct growth in the early and late time windows.Materials and Methods: Seventy patients from the DEFUSE 3 trial (Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke) with baseline, 24-h, and late follow-up scans were evaluated. Scans were taken with DWI or CTP at time of enrollment (Baseline), with DWI or CT 24-h after enrollment (24-h), and with DWI or CT 5 days after enrollment (Late). Early infarct growth (between baseline and 24-h scans) and late infarct growth (between 24-h and late scans) was assessed for each patient. The impact of collateral and reperfusion status on infarct growth was assessed in univariate and multivariate regression.Results: The median early infarct growth was 30.3 ml (IQR 16.4–74.5) and the median late infarct growth was 6.7 ml (IQR −3.5–21.6) in the overall sample. Patients with poor collaterals showed greater early infarct growth (Median 58.5 ml; IQR 18.6–125.6) compared to patients with good collaterals (Median 28.4 ml; IQR 15.8–49.3, unadjusted p = 0.04, adjusted p = 0.06) but showed no difference in late infarct growth. In contrast, patients who reperfused showed no reduction in early infarct growth but showed reduced late infarct growth (Median 1.9 ml; IQR −6.1–8.5) compared to patients without reperfusion (Median 11.2 ml; IQR −1.1–27.2, unadjusted p &lt; 0.01, adjusted p = 0.04).Discussion: In the DEFUSE 3 population, poor collaterals predict early infarct growth and absence of reperfusion predicts late infarct growth. These results highlight the need for timely reperfusion therapy, particularly in patients with poor collaterals and indicate that the 24-h timepoint is too early to assess the full impact of reperfusion therapy on infarct growth.Clinical Trial Registration:http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, Unique identifier [NCT02586415].