bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemic Surveillance Models for Containing the Spread of SARS-CoV-2 Variants: Taiwan Experience
Authors: Yen Amy Ming-Fang , Chen Tony Hsiu-Hsi , Chang Wei-Jung , Lin Ting-Yu , Jen Grace Hsiao-Hsuan , Hsu Chen-Yang , Wang Sen-Te , Dang Huong , Chen Sam Li-Sheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesTwo kinds of epidemic surveillance models are presented for containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants so as to avert and stamp out a community-acquired outbreak (CAO) with non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), tests, and vaccination.DesignThe surveillance of domestic cluster infections transmitted from imported cases with one-week time lag assessed by the Poisson model and the surveillance of whether, how and when NPIs and test contained the CAO with the SEIR model.SettingsBorder and Community of Taiwan.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe expected number and the upper bound of the 95% credible interval (CrI) of weekly covid-19 cases compared with the observed number for assessing the threshold of a CAO; effective reproductive number (Rt) and the effectiveness of NPIs for containing a CAO.ResultsFor the period of January-September 2020 when the wild type and the D614G period were prevailing, an increase in one imported case prior to one week would lead to 9.54% (95% CrI 6.44% to 12.59%) higher risk of domestic cluster infection that provides a one-week prior alert signal for more stringent NPIs and active testing locally. Accordingly, there was an absence of CAO until the Alpha VOC period of February 2021. However, given level one of NPI alert the risk of domestic cluster infections was gradually elevated to 14.14% (95% CrI 5.41% to 25.10%), leading to the Alpha VOC CAOs of six hotspots around mid-May 2021. It took two-and-half months for containing this CAO mainly with level three of NPI alert and rapid test and partially by the rolling out of vaccination. By applying the SEIR model, the Rt decreased from 4.0 at beginning to 0.7 on 31 July 2021 in parallel with the escalating NPIs from 30% to 90%. Containing a small outbreak of Delta VOC during this CAO period was also evaluated and demonstrated. After controlling the CAO, it again returned to imported-domestic transmission for Delta VOC from July until September 2021, giving an estimate of 10.16% (95% CrI: 7.01% to 13.59%) for the risk of several small cluster infections. However, there was an absence of CAO that resulted from the effectiveness of NPIs and tests, and the rapid expansion of vaccination.ConclusionsAverting and containing CAOs of SARS-CoV-2 variants are demonstrated by two kinds of epidemic surveillance models that have been applied to Taiwan scenario. These two models can be accommodated to monitor the epidemic of forthcoming emerging SARS-CoV-2 VOCs with various circumstances of vaccine coverage, NPIs, and tests in countries worldwide.
A poxvirus decapping enzyme localizes to mitochondria to regulate RNA metabolism and translation, and promote viral replication
Authors: Cao Shuai , Molina Joshua A , Cantu Fernando , Hernandez Candy , Yang Zhilong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDecapping enzymes remove the 5’-cap of eukaryotic mRNA, leading to accelerated RNA decay. They are critical in regulating RNA homeostasis and play essential roles in many cellular and life processes. They are encoded in many organisms and viruses, including vaccinia virus, which was used as the vaccine to eradicate smallpox. Vaccinia virus encodes two decapping enzymes, D9 and D10, that are necessary for efficient viral replication and pathogenesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism regulating vaccinia decapping enzymes’ function is still largely elusive. Here we demonstrated that vaccinia D10 localized almost exclusively to mitochondria that are highly mobile cellular organelles, providing an innovative mechanism to concentrate D10 locally and mobilize it to efficiently decap mRNAs. As mitochondria were barely present in “viral factories,” where viral transcripts are produced, suggesting that mitochondrial localization provides a spatial mechanism to preferentially decap cellular mRNAs over viral mRNAs. We identified three amino acids responsible for D10’s mitochondrial localization. Loss of mitochondrial localization significantly impaired viral replication, reduced D10’s ability to resolve RNA 5’-cap aggregation during infection, diminished D10’s gene expression shutoff and mRNA translation promotion abilities.ImportanceDecapping enzymes comprise many members from various organisms ranging from plants, animals, and viruses. The mechanisms regulating their functions vary and are still largely unknown. Our study provides the first mitochondria-localized decapping enzyme, D10, encoded by vaccinia virus that was used as the vaccine to eradicate smallpox. Loss of mitochondrial localization significantly impaired viral replication and D10’s gene expression shutoff and mRNA translation promotion ability. Mitochondrial localization is a spatial mechanism to concentrate D10 locally and mobilize it to efficiently and preferentially target cellular mRNAs for decapping and promote viral mRNA translation. Our results have broad impacts on understanding the functions and mechanisms of decapping enzymes.
Stagnation point flow of a micropolar fluid filled with hybrid nanoparticles by considering various base fluids and nanoparticle shape factors
Authors: Khan Umair , Zaib Aurang , Pop Ioan , Abu Bakar Sakhinah , Ishak Anuar 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The boundary-layer analysis is required to reveal the fluid flow behavior in several industrial processes and enhance the products’ effectiveness. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the buoyancy or mixed convective stagnation-point flow (SPF) and heat transfer of a micropolar fluid filled with hybrid nanoparticles over a vertical plate. The nanoparticles silver (Ag) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) are scattered into various base fluids to form a new-fangled class of (Ag-TiO2/various base fluid) hybrid nanofluid along with different shape factors.

Design/methodology/approach
The self-similarity transformations are used to reformulate the leading requisite partial differential equations into renovated non-linear dimensionless ordinary differential equations. The numerical dual solutions are gained for the transmuted requisite equations with the help of the bvp4c built-in package in MATLAB software. The results are validated by comparing them with previously available published data for a particular case of the present study.

Findings
The impact of various pertaining parameters such as nanoparticle volume fraction, material parameter, shape factor and mixed convective on temperature, heat transfer, fluid motion, micro-rotation and drag force are visualized and scrutinized through tables and graphs. It is observed that dual or non-uniqueness outcomes are found for the case of buoyancy assisting flow, whereas the solution is unique in the buoyancy opposing flow case. Additionally, the fluid motion and micro-rotation profiles decelerate in the presence of nanoparticle volume fraction, while the temperature augments.

Originality/value
The mixed convective stagnation point flow conveying TiO2/Ag hybrid nanofluid with micropolar fluid with various shape factors is the significant originality of the current investigation where multiple outcomes are obtained for the assisting flow. The various base fluids such as glycerin, water and water–ethylene glycol (50%:50%) are considered in the present problem. The bifurcation values of the considered problem do not exist, probably because of various base fluids. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is new and original which were not previously reported.
Examining knowledge transfer and networks: an overview of the last twenty years
Authors: Ferrer-Serrano Marta , Fuentelsaz Lucio , Latorre-Martinez Maria Pilar 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
Knowledge transfer (KT) has been attracting significant attention from the scientific community. The need to establish collaborative network relationships to achieve effective KT has led to a large volume of studies that attempt to identify how collaborative networks influence KT processes. However, papers, which link KT and networks have not been systematised. This study aims to provide an overview of this academic field and sets an agenda for future research.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors followed the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses method to conduct a systematic review of the literature published in 2000–2020. The authors sourced the sample from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The authors screened the references under the management and business categories that were published in the first two quartiles of the Journal Citation Report. This search returned 190 impactful papers across the 53 journals that were analysed.

Findings
The authors present the main results in two sections. First, this paper elaborates a conceptual model of the field; second, the authors review KT between firms and other agents, which allows us to identify KT flows within and between companies, universities and public institutions.

Originality/value
This paper provides the first systematic review of collaborative networks and KT. Five areas of action are identified for future research and are specified in several research questions. The authors also provide several practical implications. In a world in which more and more dynamic agents coexist, it is important to be aware of the needs of organisations that create and disseminate specific knowledge.
Learning from supply disruptions caused by SARS-CoV-2: use of additive manufacturing as a resilient response for public procurement
Authors: Meyer Matthias M. , Glas Andreas H. , Eßig Michael 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had severe effects on economies worldwide and, in particular, on public institutions that must keep their operations running while supply chains are interrupted. The purpose of this study is to examine how public institutions act during a pandemic to ensure the security of supply.

Design/methodology/approach
The distinct focus is if, why and how public institutions have adopted additive manufacturing (AM) – a production technology colloquially known as three-dimensional printing in which a product is created by joining raw material layer by layer based on a digital model (computer-aided design [CAD] file) of the product – in reaction to supply disruptions caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. For this purpose, four cases within the context of the pandemic supply disruption are used as the units of analysis.

Findings
The findings are twofold: public institutions reacted, on the one hand, with a behavioral solution approach, trying to solve the supply disruption with new or changed forms of cooperation and collaboration. On the other hand, public institutions used a technical solution approach (TSA) as a supply disruption response and intensified their use of AM.

Research limitations/implications
This research derives an implications model that focuses on the TSA. Considering the ex ante and ex post phases of the disruption, several effects of AM on resilience are identified. The most relevant is the long-term learning effect (i.e. AM data created during this disruption might also help in a new disruption).

Practical implications
Practitioners who act under extreme pressure and uncertainty are informed by cases that have managed to close bottleneck situations with either a behavioral or TSA. Specific strategies are given for how public buyers could use AM within a pandemic situation to mitigate supply bottlenecks, such as increasing their robustness by localizing sourcing and increasing agility by combining traditional and additive supply sources. Additionally, insights are provided into how public organizations can increase their level of preparedness by including disruption paragraphs, establishing CAD databases, in contract clauses and keeping reserve contracts with AM service providers.

Originality/value
This research contrasts behavioral and technical solution concepts for a pandemic in the public sector. Thus, it provides insights into the relative benefits of AM and causes and effect with regard to how AM affects supply robustness and agility.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among hospitalised pregnant women and impact of different viral strains on COVID‐19 severity in Italy: a national prospective population‐based cohort study
Authors: Donati S , Corsi E , Maraschini A , Salvatore MA ,   the ItOSS‐COVID‐19 Working Group
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveThe primary aim of this article was to describe SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among pregnant women during the wild‐type and Alpha‐variant periods in Italy. The secondary aim was to compare the impact of the virus variants on the severity of maternal and perinatal outcomes.DesignNational population‐based prospective cohort study.SettingA total of 315 Italian maternity hospitals.SampleA cohort of 3306 women with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection confirmed within 7 days of hospital admission.MethodsCases were prospectively reported by trained clinicians for each participating maternity unit. Data were described by univariate and multivariate analyses.Main outcome measuresCOVID‐19 pneumonia, ventilatory support, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mode of delivery, preterm birth, stillbirth, and maternal and neonatal mortality.ResultsWe found that 64.3% of the cohort was asymptomatic, 12.8% developed COVID‐19 pneumonia and 3.3% required ventilatory support and/or ICU admission. Maternal age of 30–34 years (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.09–1.87) and ≥35 years (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.23–2.13), citizenship of countries with high migration pressure (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.36–2.25), previous comorbidities (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.13–1.98) and obesity (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.29–2.27) were all associated with a higher occurrence of pneumonia. The preterm birth rate was 11.1%. In comparison with the pre‐pandemic period, stillbirths and maternal and neonatal deaths remained stable. The need for ventilatory support and/or ICU admission among women with pneumonia increased during the Alpha‐variant period compared with the wild‐type period (OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.99–5.28).ConclusionsOur results are consistent with a low risk of severe COVID‐19 disease among pregnant women and with rare adverse perinatal outcomes. During the Alpha‐variant period there was a significant increase of severe COVID‐19 illness. Further research is needed to describe the impact of different SARS‐CoV‐2 viral strains on maternal and perinatal outcomes.
Cryptocurrencies and CBDC: The Route Ahead
Authors: Laboure Marion , H.‐P. Müller Markus , Heinz Gerit , Singh Sagar , Köhling Stefan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to provide an outline of the dynamic landscape of cryptocurrencies and central bank digital currencies (CBDC) so as to comment about the role and prospect of both in the future. We highlight the main drivers of the ongoing digital currency wave from a socio‐economic as well as historical perspective. From an investment standpoint, we evaluate the merits of placing a cryptocurrency within a diversified portfolio and analyse other factors to be taken into account when it comes to asset allocation considerations. We also explore environmental, social, and governance (ESG) implications of the introduction of such digital currencies. Finally, we comment on the current status of national CBDC projects and what it would mean for the digital currency universe when the official CBDC roll‐outs begin in a few years.
Ultrasonography of the spinal cord and the collection of cerebrospinal fluid from the Atlanto‐occipital space in goat
Authors: Shahid Muhammad , Khan Yasir Razzaq , Naseer Omer , Ali Ahmad , Rabbani Ameer Hamza , Ahmad Abdullah Saghir , Slunsky Pavel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractUltrasonography, a non‐invasive and useful technique, is used for the examination of Atlanto‐occipital space structural visualization. The collection of cerebrospinal fluid is more accurate and easier under ultrasound‐guided procedure. In this study, longitudinal and transverse views of the Atlanto‐occipital space were scanned and their different structural dimensions were measured in sixty healthy Beetal goats. In longitudinal plane, gap between skin and arachnoidea ranged from 8.71 to 10.21 mm (mean ± SD, 9.76 ± 0.44 mm). Depth of the subarachnoid gap dorsal and ventral to the spinal cord ranged from 2.14 to 3.23 mm (mean ± SD, 2.81 ± 0.33mm) and from 6.09 to 7.68 (mean ± SD, 7.02 ± 0.45 mm) respectively. Spinal cord diameter varied from 3.76 to 5.26 mm (mean ± SD, 4.57 ± 0.44 mm) and entire dural sac diameter varied from 12.59 to 15.69 mm (mean ± SD, 14.37 ± 0.74 mm). The spinal cord can be seen only in longitudinal plane over a distance of 1.81 to 2.93 mm (mean ± SD, 2.46 ± 0.35 mm). While in the transverse plane, gap between the skin and arachnoidea ranged from 11.01 to 13.11 mm (mean ± SD, 12.39 ± 0.54 mm). Depth of the subarachnoid space dorsal and ventral to spinal cord varied from 5.05 to 6.13 mm (mean ± SD, 5.59 ± 0.34 mm) and 4.12 to 5.25 (mean ± SD, 4.65 ± 0.29 mm) respectively. Spinal cord diameter ranged from 4.45 to 5.90 mm (mean ± SD, 5.24 ± 0.44 mm) and entire dural sac diameter varied from 14.68 to 16.96 mm (mean ± SD, 15.58 ± 0.57 mm). These standard measurements will be the reference values in healthy Beetal goats. Cerebrospinal fluid was colourless with the quantity of 2–4 ml (mean ± SD, 3 ± 0.89 ml). It was neither turbid nor coagulate. The white blood cell count was 10/µl and red blood cells were not present. Furthermore, total protein and glucose were also measured, which ranged from 23.5 to 28 mg/dl (mean ± SD, 25.78 ± 2.32 mg/dl) and 38–50 mg/dl (mean ± SD, 43.33 ± 4.60 mg/dl) respectively. Ziehl–Neelsen Staining and gram staining were negative.
Glucose/insulin metabolism and vitamin D in women with recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: D'Ippolito Silvia , Capozzi Anna , Scambia Giovanni , Sorge Roberto , Lello Stefano , Simone Nicoletta Di 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveGlucose/insulin metabolism has been related to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) through mechanisms not really clarified. Also, vitamin D deficiency seems to be associated to RPL. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the correlation between glucose/insulin metabolism parameters and vitamin D levels in women with history of RPL.Study designObservational retrospective study on RPL women. The correlation among vitamin D levels and fasting glucose (FG), fasting insulin (FI), Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) index, area under glucose curve (AUC‐Glyc) and area under insulin curve (AUC‐Ins), was evaluated.ResultsOne‐hundred and twenty‐seven RPL women were classified into three subgroups (0‐1‐2) according to the levels of FI. We found a statistically significant linear Pearson correlation between FI and HOMA‐IR (r = .840; P = .001). An, inverse, but non‐significant correlation both between vitamin D and FI (R = ‐.202, ns) and vitamin D levels and AUC‐Ins (R = ‐.288, ns) was observed. The variables vitamin D, HOMA‐IR and AUC‐Ins were statistically significant in the considered subgroups (Vitamin D: ANOVA + Bonferroni test: 0 vs. 1; P = .001; 0 vs. 2; P = .010; 1 vs. 2; P = .657; HOMA‐IR: ANOVA + Bonferroni test: 0 vs. 1; P = .014; 0 vs. 2; P = .001; 1 vs. 2; P = .001; AUC‐Ins: ANOVA + Bonferroni test: 0 vs. 1; P = .010; 0 vs. 2; P = .206; 1 vs. 2; P = .980).ConclusionsVitamin D might play additional roles in the pathogenesis of RPL, beyond its well known immunomodulatory role.
Barriers and enablers faced by regional and rural schools in supporting student mental health: A mixed‐methods systematic review
Authors: Perkins Alexandra , Clarke Jessica , Smith Ashlee , Oberklaid Frank , Darling Simone 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAustralian policy reports recommended schools to be leveraged to better support student mental health, with a focus on regional and rural areas where students have poorer mental health outcomes. In designing solutions to address this systemic gap, decision‐makers require an understanding of the barriers and facilitators experienced by regional and rural schools. However, current literature has focused on metropolitan schools and neglected to explore facilitators.ObjectiveTo review the evidence on barriers and facilitators in delivering student mental health support experienced by regional and rural schools in Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development nations.DesignA mixed‐methods systematic review of peer‐reviewed and grey literature.FindingsThe search identified 4819 studies. A full‐text review by 2 reviewers resulted in 5 papers, which met the inclusion criteria and were assessed using methodological appraisal. One study used qualitative data, 2 studies used quantitative data, and 2 studies were a mixed‐methods design.DiscussionWhile there was a paucity of studies, this review draws together the most up‐to‐date research. The barriers and facilitators were categorised into 3 themes: access to services and resources; mental health literacy of staff and parents; and communication and collaboration between stakeholders.ConclusionThis review presents a comprehensive synthesis of the literature and highlights opportunities to leverage rural and regional schools to support student mental health, focusing on the quality of communication and collaboration, and increasing access to services and resources, and mental health literacy. Research should explore the unique advantages of rural and regional areas to inform policy, including a focus on strengths.
Too drained to obey! A daily study on how workplace envy fosters employee deviance and the buffering role of ethical leadership
Authors: Mao Jih‐Yu , Quan Jing , Liu Xin , Zheng Xiaoming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, we adopt the experience sampling method to investigate the within‐person consequences of workplace envy. Specifically, we investigate the influences of daily workplace envy on employees' daily self‐regulatory resource depletion and subsequent organizational deviance. Drawing on self‐regulatory resource theory, we argue that daily workplace envy diminishes employees' daily self‐regulatory resources, driving them to behave in ways that deviate from organizational norms on the same day. In addition, we propose that ethical leadership prevents daily depleted employees from engaging in daily organizational deviance. The results of a two‐week daily study support the hypotheses. Insights into literature, practice, and future research are discussed.