bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Geriatrician Assessment Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Emergency Department Visits After Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Liimakka Adriana P. , Farid Alexander R. , Zhu Lillian , Monette Patrick J. , Varady Nathan H. , Lange Jeffrey K. , Javedan Houman , Chen Antonia F. 
Published: December 2024

Background:
Previous research has underscored the benefits of geriatrician consultation in improving outcomes for older patients undergoing hip fracture repair, highlighting enhanced functional outcomes and reduced morbidity. However, the impact of geriatrician care in outcomes for patients undergoing elective total joint arthroplasty (TJA) has yet to be described. We aimed to determine whether preoperative or postoperative geriatrician involvement was associated with differences in the length of hospital stay and emergency department (ED) visits after TJA.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study screened the medical records of patients ≥65 years of age undergoing primary elective TJA in a network of tertiary hospitals. Geriatrician consultations occurring within a period spanning 90 days before to 90 days after TJA were recorded. Bivariate analysis and multivariable regression models were used to assess the relationship between receiving these consultations and changes in the length of stay and ED visits.

Results:
A total of 16,076 patients undergoing primary TJA were included. Of these surgical procedures, 9,677 (60.2%) were total knee arthroplasties and 6,087 (37.9%) were total hip arthroplasties; 1,416 (8.8%) of cases had geriatrician visits. Patients had lower odds of requiring postoperative ED visits when they had at least 1 geriatrician appointment within the week preceding an arthroplasty (odds ratio [OR], 0.97 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.68 to 0.99]; p = 0.005). This effect was most notable for 65-year-old patients (OR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.45 to 0.98]).

Conclusion:
This study reports promising evidence supporting the benefits of perioperative geriatrician visits on TJA outcomes. Preoperative visits were shown to be associated with decreased odds of ED visits after TJA in patients for up to 90 days postoperatively. Thus, geriatrician involvement in elective TJAs has the potential to improve outcomes and reduce morbidity and costs for patients and reduce costs for surgeons and institutions.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Dynamic Behaviors of CO2 Enhanced Shale Oil Flow in Nanopores by Molecular Simulation
Authors: Tian Kangjian , Wang Tianyu , Ma Zhengchao , Weng Jintao , Zhou Xiaoxia , Dai Jiacheng , Zhang Ye , Tian Shouceng 
Published: December 2024

Summary
With the development of unconventional oil and gas, shale oil has become a significant focus for exploration and development. The mineral composition of shale is notably complex, and the mechanisms underlying carbon dioxide (CO2)-enhanced shale oil flow remain insufficiently understood. While many studies have addressed adsorption in shale oil and gas, research into the dynamic flow of CO2 and shale oil within pore spaces is limited. To investigate the mobility behavior of CO2 and shale oil in nanopores from a microscopic perspective, a dynamic flow model for CO2-enhanced shale oil flow, considering wall adsorption effects, was established by using the Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics (NEMD) method. This model simulated CO2-enhanced shale oil flow within organic nanopores under reservoir conditions and analysed the effects of pore size, temperature, and injection pressure. The results show that shale oil forms four adsorption layers in 4-nm graphene pores, with a density of 2.25 g/cm3 in the first adsorption layer and 0.63 g/cm3 in the free zone, closely aligning with the standard shale oil density of 0.66 g/cm3 at 343 K and 25 MPa, thereby validating the accuracy of the model. The peak density of the first adsorption layer is 3.55 times that of the free zone, highlighting shale oil’s strong adsorption capacity at the pore wall. The study reveals that the diffusion coefficients of CO2 within the pores are 1.05, 1.14, and 1.41 times higher than those of pentane, octane, and dodecane, respectively. Additionally, the diffusion coefficient of shale oil increased by 10.3 times when the pore size increased from 2 to 5 nm, and by 3.9 times when the temperature rose from 303 to 383 K. Injection pressure also led to a 1.5 times increase in diffusion coefficients. Thus, in shale oil development, adjusting pore size, temperature, and injection pressure can enhance production, although excessive injection pressure may result in CO2 gas channeling, negatively impacting CO2-enhanced shale oil flow. This study offers a microscopic exploration of CO2-enhanced shale oil flow mechanisms and provides a theoretical foundation for efficient shale oil development.
An applied noise model for scintillation-based CCD detectors in transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Zietlow Christian , Lindner Jörg K. N. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Measurements in general are limited in accuracy by the presence of noise. This also holds true for highly sophisticated scintillation-based CCD cameras, as they are used in medical applications, astronomy or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, signals measured with pixelated detectors are convolved with the inherent detector point spread function (PSF). The Poisson noise, arising from the quantized nature of the beam electrons, gets correlated by this convolution, which allows to reconstruct the detector PSF based on the Wiener–Khinchin theorem and the Pearson correlation coefficients under homogeneous illumination conditions. However, correlation also has a strong impact on the noise statistics of basic operations like the binning of signals, as it is usually done in electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Thus, this paper aims to give an insight into the different noise contributions occurring on such detectors, into their underlying statistics and their correlation. Detectors usually suffer from gain non-linearities and quantum efficiency deviations, which must be corrected for optimal results. All these operations influence the noise and are influenced by it, vice versa. In this work, we mathematically describe all these changes and show them experimentally. Methods on how to measure individual noise and correlation parameters are described allowing readers to implement routines for finding them. Sufficient knowledge on the noise of a measurement is not only crucial for classifying its quality and meaningfulness, but also allows for better post-processing operations like deconvolution, which is a common practice in spectroscopy to enhance signals.
Melatonin protect against pregabalin-induced gonadotoxicity via anti-oxidative, anti- inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, enzymatic and hormonal regulatory mechanisms
Authors: Ajayi Ayodeji Folorunsho , Borisade Motolani Susan , Oyedokun Precious , Akano Oyedayo Phillips , Ajayi Lydia Oluwatoyin , Adeyemi Wale Johnson 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
The therapeutic value of pregabalin in the management of different pathological states like sleep, anxiety and bipolar disorders, fibromyalgia, epilepsy, among others, cannot be overemphasized. Nevertheless, the gonadotoxicity of this drug remains a point of concern. Contrarily, melatonin, an endogenous hormone is known for its favourable effects on the reproductive tissues following different insults. Thus, this study aimed to examine the impact of melatonin on male Wistar rats exposed to pregabalin.
Methods:
A total of sixty male Wistar rats weighing between 120-140g were assigned randomly to six groups, with each group consisting of ten rats. The control group was given 0.5ml of normal saline orally, whereas melatonin alone and increasing dosages of pregabalin were delivered at 10, 150, and 300 mg/kg/BW orally, respectively. At the specified dosages, two groups were simultaneously treated with melatonin and low and high doses of pregabalin. All treatments lasted for 56 days. With the excepton of the hormones, biomarkers were assayed in the testicular and epididymal tissues.
Results:
Pregabalin resulted in notable decreases in the percentage body weight, testicular weight, relative testicular weight, FSH, LH, testosterone, 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, SOD, catalase, and GSH, as compared to the control group. However, these effects were mitigated in the groups who received melatonin in conjunction with pregabalin. Overall, the administration of melatonin had no negative impact on the levels and activities of the biomarkers. Pregabalin caused significant elevations in lactate, pyruvate, LDH, GGT, MDA, caspase, IL-1β, NFk, TNF-a, and distorted testicular histoarchitecture, but this effects was blunted in the group that were co-administered with melatonin. The impact of the two doses of pregabalin on all the biomarkers exhibited an irregular combination. The histological findings were parallel to the biochemical assays.
Conclusion:
Conclusively, melatonin has a protective effect against pregabalin-induced gonadotoxicity via anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and enzymatic and hormonal regulatory mechanisms.
Clinical trial number: not applicable
Medicine at Theatre: a tool for well-being and health-care education
Authors: Marzi Tessa , Adembri Chiara , Vignozzi Linda , Innocenti Barbara , Cruciata Maria Antonietta , Lippi Donatella 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Effective communication plays a crucial role in healthcare settings, as it enhances patient outcomes and improves the overall quality of care and well-being. The rationale for this study was to use theater as a communicative tool by playing stories related to some important healthcare issues. The specific goal was to study the effectiveness of a specially designed theater intervention in enhancing psychological well-being and awareness of some aspects such as the doctor-patient relationships, communication skills, pro-social behavior, and empathy. A pre- and post-experience questionnaire was used to track the audience's response. The results indicate that theater can efficiently promote well-being and spread crucial awareness about healthcare-related issues. Furthermore, the study underscores the varying perceptions and evaluations of health-related topics among individuals based on their age. Finally, we would like to underlie that theatre can also be a valuable tool for health communication.
Selective Aerobic Oxidation of C−H Bond over C−C Bond by Single-Atom Catalysts
Authors: Qiao Botao , Li Tianbo , Zhang Qian , Guo Yalin , Qin Mingyang , Wang Hai , Min Xiang-Ting , Cui Yitao , Lu Shijian , Wang Liang , Li Lin , Zhang Tao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aerobic oxidation of C − H bonds is a fundamental transformation in industry catalysis with broad applications. A primary challenge for C − H bond selective activation is that the desired products often exhibit greater reactivity than the starting hydrocarbons, complicating the achievement of both high conversion and selectivity. Here, we demonstrate that oxide-supported single-atom catalysts (SACs) are effective for the selective aerobic oxidation of C − H bonds with higher bond energy over C − C bond with lower bond energy, facilitating the formation of ketone products without generating any C − C breaking over-oxidation products. Comprehensive studies have revealed that SACs exhibit a unique inactivity for further oxidation of ketones due to their inability to activate the ketone via its enol form, effectively circumventing over-oxidation through C − C bond cleavage and disrupting the conventional activity-selectivity tradeoff. This finding is general and applies for a variety of SACs across variety hydrocarbon substrates, heralding a promising pathway for heterogeneous catalysis of selective C − H activation.
The impacts of red and blue font color on intertemporal choice
Authors: Zhang Kai , Geng Xiaowei 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background Intertemporal choices are the process by which people make choices about losses or gains at different points in time (near or far). To explore the relationship between font color and intertemporal choice and to examine the serial mediation of time perception and intradimensional difference comparison on the association between font color and intertemporal choice on the basis of attribute-based choice models.
Methods We randomly assigned subjects to the intertemporal choices questionnaire in a specific font color (blue vs. red) condition. The Intertemporal Choice Task, the Subjective Duration Judgment Task and the Intradimensional Difference Comparison Task were administered to a sample comprising 210 college students (103 males accounting for 49.05%). Multivariate analysis and latent variable analysis were used to explore the separate mediating roles of time perception and intradimensional difference comparison in the association between font color and intertemporal choice, and their serial mediation was also investigated. The bootstrap method was employed to test the significance of these mediating effects.
Results Compared with red font, blue font can encourage students to choose more-farsighted intertemporal choices (i.e., LL). Students who use the blue font are more likely to have shorter durations and can choose the more farsighted intertemporal choice (i.e., LL) than those who use the red font. Students using blue fonts are more likely to perceive the difference between the two options chosen across time (∆payoff A,B) to be greater than the difference between the two options in the payoff dimension (∆time A,B), leading to farsighted choices compared with those using red fonts. Serial mediation was also found.
Conclusion The findings revealed why font color influences intertemporal choice. This study revealed the mediating role that time perception and intradimensional difference comparison play in the association between font color and intertemporal choice.
Ginsenoside Rd protects against acute liver injury by regulating the autophagy-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
Authors: Zhong Xiaomei , Sun Yibin , Lin Yanxiang , Deng Shan , Wang Huan , Zhou Xian , Lu Jinjian , Zheng Yanfang , Luo Ruoyin , Huang Mingqing , Song Jianyuan 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Context: Ginsenoside Rd (Rd) is a bioactive compound predominantly found in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen ex C.H. Chow, both species belonging to genus Panax in the Araliaceae family. However, its hepatic protective effect against acute liver injury and related mechanistic action remain unexplored.
Objective: To investigate the protective effect of Rd against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced acute liver injury and assess its underlying regulatory mechanisms related to autophagy and inflammation.
Materials and methods: Forty-eight C57BL/6 mice were treated with saline (control or model group), Rd (12.5 mg/kg, 25 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg), and diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG, 30 mg/kg) for three days. Then the mice were stimulated with TAA to establish acute liver injury model, excluding the control group. HSC-T6 cells were treated with Rd at concentrations of 2.5, 5, or 10 μM, for 12 hours with or without LPS stimulation at 100 ng/mL. RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining and Western blot were employed to analyze the expressions of genes and proteins associated with inflammation and autophagy. To validate the role of Rd in regulating autophagy and inflammation, the autophagy inducers, rapamycin and GSK621, were utilised in reverse validation experiments in cells.
Results: Rd exhibited significant hepatic protective effects in mice with acute liver injury. It exhibited strong anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the gene and protein expressions of various pro-inflammatory modulators in liver tissue, and inhibited LPS-induced autophagy and inflammation in HSC-T6 cells.Rd suppressed autophagy in mice via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway. The inhibitory effects of Rd on autophagy and inflammation in HSC-T6 cells were partially blocked by rapamycin and GSK621.
Discussion and Conclusion: Rd is a promising therapeutic agent to protect liver against TAA-induced acute liver injury.
Medical tele-diagnoses in countries with limited resources: Comparison of a general generative AI system with a clinical decision support system
Authors: Fritz Peter , Kleinhans Andreas , Sediqi Atiq , Raoufi Rokai , Haroon Firooz , Alaboud Khalid , Fritz-Kuisle Christine , Dalquen Peter , Jundt Gernot , Ott German , Stauch Gerhard , Alscher Dominik 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Achieving correct clinical or morphological diagnoses in countries with limited resources is a major challenge due to the lack of methods such as immunohistochemistry, molecular biology or imaging, as well as the lack of specialists. Artificial intelligence (AI), either in the form of generative intelligence or in the form of clinical decision support systems (CDSS), is a promising method for bridging the gap between diagnosis in developed countries and countries with limited resources. For this purpose, we used the general generative AI system ChatGPT and the specialised semantic net-based AI system Memem7 as medical diagnostic support systems to improve telemedicine diagnosis in a resource-limited country.
Materials and methods: 102 randomly selected cases from 3 hospitals in northern Afghanistan were classified by up to 7 telemedicine experts. In 61 cases (59.8%), the experts provided a disease classification (target diagnosis). In the remaining 41 cases, the experts only provided a list of differential diagnoses. We investigated how often ChatGPT and Memem7 were able to predict the target diagnosis or provide a list of essential differential diagnoses (DD).
Results: In 36/61 (59.0%) and 47/61 (77.1%) cases, respectively, ChatGPT and Memem7 recognised the target diagnosis. In 88/102 (86.3%) (ChatGPT) and 93/102 (91.2%) (Memem7) cases, a helpful list of differential diagnoses was provided.
Conclusions: Both AI-based systems show promising results, either in confirming the target diagnosis or in providing a helpful list of differential diagnoses.
Supplementation of high concentrate diets with non-starch polysaccharides enzymes prevents foamy rumen bloat in goats
Authors: Tan Zehao , Wang Lizhi , Wang Zhisheng , Xue Bai , Hu Rui , Peng Quanhui , Xiao Jianxin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Ruminants fed high concentrate diets (HCD) are highly susceptible to foamy rumen bloat, but up to now the cause of rumen foam formation is unknown, making it difficult to prevent effectively. Exp. 1 of this study investigated the relationship between saccharide content in rumen fluid and foaming performance, and explored the effect of supplementing non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) enzymes to rumen fluid on foaming performance. The rumen fluid of 16 HCD-fed goats was used as experimental material to correlate rumen fluid viscosity, foaming performance, and saccharide content. Subsequently, the rumen fluid from 4 goats with severe rumen bloat was collected as experimental material, divided into 5 equal portions and randomly assigned to 5 treatment groups, namely adding 0, 100, 300, 500, and 700 mg/kg NSP enzymes to the rumen fluid. The viscosity and foaming performance of the rumen fluid, as well as the saccharide content, were determined for each treatment group. The results showed that polysaccharide was significantly and positively correlated with viscosity and foaming performance (P < 0.05). The supplementation of NSP enzymes notably decreased the polysaccharides content in rumen fluid and foaming performance (P < 0.05), with the best effect achieved by supplementing 500mg/kg NSP enzymes. Exp. 2 further investigated the feasibility of supplementing NSP enzymes to HCD to prevent rumen bloat in goats. Twelve goats with rumen fistula were selected as experimental animals and were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatment groups with 6 goats in each group, including CON (basal HCD) and E (basal HCD + 500 mg/kg NSP enzymes). The rumen contents and rumen fluid were collected daily during the sampling period to determine rumen fermentation indexes, foaming performance and microbial structure and composition; feed and feces were collected for nutrient digestibility determination. Supplementation of NSP enzymes in HCD significantly reduced foaming performance in goat rumen fluid (P < 0.05), the effects on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and microbial composition were not significant (P > 0.05). In summary, polysaccharide is an important factor affecting the foaming performance of rumen fluid, and supplementation of NSP enzymes in HCD can prevent the occurrence of rumen bloat.
The Concomitant Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Epilepsy Caused by Low-Grade Brain Tumors
Authors: Xie Sungel , Qiao Jiao , Luan Guoming , Xie Mingxiang , Xiao Shunwu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the concomitant psychiatric disorders of anxiety and depression in patients with epilepsy caused by low-grade brain tumors (LBTs).
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients who underwent preoperative neuropsychological evaluations of anxiety and depression and subsequent epilepsy surgery for LBTs. The univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to analyze the risk factors of the occurrence of anxiety and depression.
Results: Of the 107 patients included in the study, 42 patients (39.3%) were female and 28 patients (26.2%) were children. The median age at surgery was 22 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 17-27 years old), the median age of seizure onset was 12 years (IQR: 6-18 years old), and the median duration of epilepsy was 84 months (IQR: 42-180 months). In total, 21 patients (19.6%) had presence of anxiety, and 26 patients (24.3%) had presence of depression. In univariate analysis, discordant (vs. concordant) interictal electroencephalogram (EEG) findings were related to presence of anxiety (P = 0.017). Discordant (vs. concordant) ictal EEG findings (P = 0.023), larger zone of epileptic discharges that was represented by surgical resection extent (P = 0.021), temporal (vs. non-temporal) location of tumor (P = 0.009) and lower full-scale intelligence quotient (P = 0.017) were associated with presence of depression. In multivariate analysis, discordant ictal EEG findings (P = 0.015, odds ratio [OR] = 4.44) and temporal location of tumor (P = 0.015, OR = 13.52) had relevance to presence of depression.
Conclusion: Psychiatric disorders of anxiety and/or depression could frequently occur in patients with epilepsy caused by LBTs, especially in patients with discordant or wider epileptic discharges and temporal invasion of tumors.
Adaptive Alcohols-Alcohols Cross-Coupling via TFA Catalysis: Access of Unsymmetrical Ethers
Authors: Liu Chengxiu , Liang Jiaxin , Liang Yuqiu , Ouyang Lu , Li Youchun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Ethers are high value organic compounds widely applied in chemical industry, natural products, material, pharmaceuticals, argochemicals, as well as modern organic synthesis. Herein, we report an adaptive TFA-catalyzed cross-coupling of alcohols with various oxygen nucleophiles (nitro-, halogen-, sulfur-, nitrogen-, aryl-, and alkynyl-substituted aliphatic alcohols), delivering diverse unsymmetrical ethers under mild conditions and simple operation. This protocol features a broad range of substrate scope and high catalytic efficiency (52 examples, up to 99% yield). The decagram scale performance and one-step synthesis of drug molecules evidenced the potential industrial production and practicability of this protocol.