bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Responsivity of CsCu2I3 Based UV Detector with CuI Buffer‐Layer Grown by Vacuum Thermal Evaporation
Authors: Zhou Xiaoyu , Zhang Lichun , Huang Yu , Zhou Zhiying , Xing Wenqiang , Zhang Jing , Zhou Fuwang , Zhang Dengying , Zhao Fengzhou 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAll‐inorganic Cu‐based perovskite CsxCuyIx+y thin films are deposited with vacuum thermal evaporation using CuI and CsI mixed powder with different proportion as evaporation sources. With CuI film as buffer‐layer, the as grown CsxCuyIx+y perovskite films only have CsCu2I3 phase owing to the epitaxy on CuI layer. And the thin film quality and optoelectronic properties of CsCu2I3 are also improved. Then, metal–semiconductor–metal UV detectors based on CsCu2I3 films with Au interdigital electrodes are fabricated and the enhancement of photoresponse performance is investigated in detail. The peak responsivity and specific detectivity of the detector are 49.22 mA W−1 and 2.49 × 1012 cm Hz1/2 W−1, which are 74 and 138 times larger than that of the device without the CuI buffer‐layer, respectively.
Deep‐Blue Ultralong Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence from Halogen‐Free Organic Materials through Cage Effect for Various Applications
Authors: Zhou Yusheng , Ma Jing , Zhang Peng , Liu Zhen , Chi Zhenguo , Liang Guodong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOrganic room‐temperature phosphors with high performances are of great importance for broad range of potential applications. Herein, a new concept of cage effect is proposed to effectively promote room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) property of organic materials. A novel phosphor, bearing electron‐donating carbazole and electron‐accepting boronate ester moieties (CBBU) is designed and synthesized. CBBU crystals show multiple photoluminescence including concomitant fluorescence, thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), and RTP. Further doping CBBU in boronate ester crystals (DB/CBBU) boosts remarkably deep‐blue RTP emission with CIE coordinates (0.15, 0.09) and a lifetime of 3.69 s, which is longer by four orders of magnitude than that of neat CBBU crystals. To the best of knowledge, it is the longest deep‐blue organic RTP materials reported so far. To understand this phenomenon, cage effect in terms of bending, twisting, and crowding degrees, as well as interaction of chromophores with cages has been taken into consideration. The results demonstrate that the strong cage effect alleviates effectively molecular motion of chromophores and then promotes simultaneously their RTP efficiency and lifetime. Similar results have also been found in a series of boronate ester derivatives. Furthermore, applications of the efficient RTP materials for temperature measurements, thermal transition detection, and UV sensing are exploited.
Chemo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of Functionalized 1H‐imidazo[1,5‐a]indol‐3(2H)‐ones via a Redox‐Neutral Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed [4+1] Annulation between Indoles and Alkynes
Authors: Zhao Fei , Chen Jing , Qiao Jin , Lu Yangbin , Zhang Xiaoning , Mao Hui , Lu Shiyao , Gong Xin , Liu Siyu , Wu Xiaowei , Dai Long 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlkynes generally serve as C2 synthons in transition‐metal‐catalyzed C−H annulations, herein, exploiting electron‐deficient alkynes as unconventional C1 synthons, the chemo‐ and regiospecific synthesis of functionalized 1H‐imidazo[1,5‐a]indol‐3(2H)‐ones via a redox‐neutral rhodium(III)‐catalyzed [4+1] annulation of N‐carbamoyl indoles has been achieved. This process is characterized by high chemo‐ and regioselectivity, broad substrate scope, good tolerance of functional groups, moderate to high yields and mild redox‐neutral conditions, thus affording a robust approach to access valuable 1H‐imidazo[1,5‐a]indol‐3(2H)‐ones.magnified image
Transition‐Metal‐Free Visible Light‐Induced Imino‐trifluoromethylation of Unsaturated Oxime Esters: A Facile Access to CF3‐Tethered Pyrrolines
Authors: Chen Bin , He Han , Xu Jiawei , Guo Kang , Xu Ning , Chen Kang , Zhu Yingguang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA novel transition‐metal‐free iminotrifluoromethylation of unsaturated oxime esters has been achieved through Rhodamine B photoredox catalysis under mild conditions. This methodology provides facile access to various CF3‐tethered pyrroline derivatives in high efficiency. The gram‐scale reaction demonstrates the potential value of this protocol in organic synthesis.
Engineering Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase to Enable Highly Selective Decarboxylation oftransFatty Acids
Authors: Li Danyang , Han Tao , Xue Jiadan , Xu Weihua , Xu Jian , Wu Qi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDue to the high risk of heart disease caused by the intake oftransfatty acids, a method to eliminatetransfatty acids from foods has become a critical issue. Herein, we engineered fatty acid photo‐decarboxylase fromChlorella variabilis(CvFAP) to selectively catalyze the decarboxylation oftransfatty acids to yield readily‐removed hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide, whilecisfatty acids remained unchanged. An efficient protein engineering based on FRISM strategy was implemented to intensify the electronic interaction between the residues and the double bond of the substrate that stabilized the binding of elaidic acid in the channel. For the model compounds, oleic acid and elaidic acid, the best mutant, V453E, showed a one‐thousand‐fold improvement in thetrans‐over‐cis(ToC) selectivity compared with wild type (WT). As the first report of the direct biocatalytic decarboxylation resolution oftrans/cisfatty acids, this work offers a safe, facile, and eco‐friendly process to eliminatetransfatty acids from edible oils.
Proteins in dried distillers' grains with solubles: A review of animal feed value and potential non‐food uses
Authors: Zhao Jikai , Wang Donghai , Li Yonghui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) are the main byproduct from bioethanol production and are commonly used as livestock feed. This work aims to provide an overview of animal feed value (protein and amino acid profiles and protein fractionation approaches) and potential non‐food uses of DDGS proteins, particularly those from corn, sorghum, and wheat. Crude protein and amino acids (essential and nonessential) composition vary among different DDGS due to the variation in chemical composition of parent feedstock and processing condition. Extraction or fractionation approaches such as physical/mechanical (sieving and winnowing), chemical (ethanol, acid, and alkaline), and enzymatic (protease) treatments have been explored to isolate specific proteins of corn (zein), sorghum (kafirin), and wheat (gluten protein) from respective DDGS. In addition, valorization of DDGS proteins for biomaterials (biodegradable films and bioadhesives) was evaluated. Due to the heterogeneous nature of DDGS, multi‐stream processes with economic and environmental benefits should be taken into consideration before the commercialization of DDGS proteins. This review will benefit future research and development activities on value‐added and more specific utilizations of DDGS.
Improvement of polyurethane film strength by H‐bonding crosslinking with hydroxylated melamine
Authors: Liu Xing‐Ya , Xie Rui‐Yang , Chen Tao , He Lei , Wang Ting , Liao Wang , Liu Zhi‐Guo , Chen Ming‐Jun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDue to the condensation reaction of hydroxylated melamine molecules is possible to take place in the whole pH range, especially in acidic water medium or at high temperature, losing its water solubility. In this work, freeze drying perfectly removes water at pretty low temperature, avoiding condensation reaction of hydroxylated melamine. Therefore, a hydroxylated melamine in solid form (MOH‐S) was prepared. It can be not only dissolved in water after storing for 180 days but also well dispersed in waterborne polyurethane emulsion. The addition of hydroxylated melamine significantly improves the tensile strength of polyurethane films by 170%. After soaking the films in water for 24 h, the tensile strength of WPU/30%MOH‐S film lost only 6%, but 34% loss for the neat. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy peak fitting demonstrates that the H‐bonding degree of N─H in WPU/30%MOH‐S film is 20.72 that is much higher than 3.33 in neat WPU. This indicates that H‐bonding cross‐linked structure is formed between polyurethane chains and hydroxylated melamine molecules. This work provides an effective strategy for preparing stable hydroxylated melamine and enhancing the strength of polyurethane film.
Effects of thickeners on thermophysical properties of Alum as phase change material for energy storage
Authors: Mao Fa , Zhang Xuelai , Zhang Yongyichuan , Liu Biao , Zheng Lingyu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe main objective of this research is to characterize, via experimental analysis, the effects of thickeners on thermophysical properties of Alum (KAl[SO4]2·12H2O) as phase change material (PCM) for energy storage. Six thickeners, including sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC‐Na), sodium polyacrylate (PAAS), polyacrylamide (PAM), polyvinyl alcohol, xanthan gum (XG) and methylcellulose (MC), are added in Alum. Then the thermophysical properties and the cycle stability are tested and analyzed by step cooling experiment, differential scanning calorimeter, hot disk, scanning electron microscopy, high‐low temperature alternating test chamber, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT‐IR). The results showed that the adding of 2 wt% CMC‐Na, 1 wt% PAAS, 2 wt% PAM, 5 wt% XG, and 1 wt% MC to Alum can effectively reduce the subcooling of Alum while still maintaining the latent heat at a high level. After stability test with 60 melting‐solidification cycles, the results indicate that Alum with 1 wt% MC has the best thermal cycle stability and has the highest latent heat (230 J/g). The latent heat is only 8.1% lower than that of pure Alum after 1 cycle, and 11.1% higher than that of pure Alum after 60 cycles. The XRD, FT‐IR, and thermogravimetry results show that it has good chemical and thermal stability.
The role of the nasal region in craniofacial growth: An investigation using path analysis
Authors: Landi Federica , Barraclough James , Evteev Andrej , Anikin Anatoliy , Satanin Leonid , O'Higgins Paul 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study focuses on the role of the nasal region and its interactions with adjacent facial elements during early ontogeny. A series of linear measurements, areas and volumes were extracted from a collection of 227 medical CT‐scans of children from 0 to 6 years of age. These measurements describe aspects of the form of the orbit, maxilla, peri‐alveolar (subnasal) region, nasal area, eye, oral region, masseter, and temporal muscles. Hypothesized interactions were then examined using path analysis. Two paths were designed: the first to investigate potential interactions in, and relative contributions of the nasal derivatives and adjacent regions to overall facial growth and development; the second path sees the addition of facial soft tissue measurements and aims to assess their effects on skeletal components, and on overall facial growth and development. The results of the first path indicate a large contribution of the nasal and subnasal regions to facial development. This indicates that the nasal septum and the developing dentition provide an important but variable contribution to facial ontogeny during early years. This result is confirmed in the second path, where the soft tissue elements were added to the diagram. Results of the second path indicate that the soft tissues contribute only locally to the development of some skeletal elements of the face. This indicates that the contribution of skeletal components has a more direct effect on facial height than soft tissue matrices, however there are complex interactions between soft tissues and skeletal elements throughout ontogeny.
Identification of an Apis cerana zinc finger protein 41 gene and its involvement in the oxidative stress response
Authors: Guo Hui‐juan , Wang Li‐jun , Wang Chen , Guo De‐zheng , Xu Bao‐hua , Guo Xing‐qi , Li Han 
Published: July 2021

AbstractZinc finger proteins (ZFPs) are a class of transcription factors that contain zinc finger domains and play important roles in growth, aging, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. These proteins activate or inhibit gene transcription by binding to single‐stranded DNA or RNA and through RNA/DNA bidirectional binding and protein–protein interactions. However, few studies have focused on the oxidation resistance functions of ZFPs in insects, particularly Apis cerana. In the current study, we identified a ZFP41 gene from A. cerana, AcZFP41, and verified its function in oxidative stress responses. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that the transcription level of AcZFP41 was upregulated to different degrees during exposure to oxidative stress, including that induced by extreme temperature, UV radiation, or pesticides. In addition, the silencing of AcZFP41 led to changes in the expression patterns of some known antioxidant genes. Moreover, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) in AcZFP41‐silenced honeybees were higher than those in a control group. In summary, the data indicate that AcZFP41 is involved in the oxidative stress response. The results provide a theoretical basis for further studies of zinc finger proteins and improve our understanding of the antioxidant mechanisms of honeybees.
Silencing of a putative alanine aminotransferase (ALT) gene influences free amino acid composition in hemolymph and fecundity of the predatory bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter
Authors: Ahmad Sheraz , Jiang Lu , Zheng Sui , Chen Yu , Zhang Jie Y. , Stanley David , Miao Hong , Ge Lin Q. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn Asian rice systems, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter is an important predator that preys on rice planthopper eggs and young nymphs, as a primary food source. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) acts in many physiological and biochemical processes in insects. We cloned the full‐length complementary DNA of C. lividipennis ClALT. Expression analysis showed higher expression in the fat body and midgut compared to other tissues. It is expressed in all C. lividipennis developmental stages and at least four organs. Silencing of ClALT by RNA interference significantly decreased the ClALT enzyme activity and ClALT expression compared to dsGFP‐treated controls at 2 days after emergence (DAE). Silencing of ClALT influenced free hemolymph amino acid compositions, resulting in a reduction of Aspartic acid (Asp) and Alanine (Ala) proportions, and increased Cysteine (Cys) and Valine (Val) proportions in females at 2 DAE. dsClALT treatments led to decreased soluble total protein concentrations in ovary and fat body, and to lower reduced vitellogenin (Vg) expression, body weight, and the numbers of laid eggs. The double‐stranded RNA viruse treatments also led to prolonged preoviposition periods and hindered ovarian development. Western blot analysis indicated that silencing ClALT also led to reduced fat body Vg protein abundance at 2 DAE. These data support our hypothesis that ClALT influences amino acid metabolism and fecundity in C. lividipennis.
Homochiral Dysprosium Phosphonate Nanowires: Morphology Control and Magnetic Dynamics
Authors: Weng Guo‐Guo , Huang Xin‐Da , Hu Rui , Bao Song‐Song , Zou Qian , Wen Ge‐Hua , Zhang Yi‐Quan , Zheng Li‐Min 
Published: July 2021

AbstractControllable synthesis of uniformly distributed nanowires of coordination polymers with inherent physical functions is highly desirable but challenging. In particular, the combination of chirality and magnetism into nanowires has potential applications in multifunctional materials and spintronic devices. Herein, we report four pairs of enantiopure coordination polymers with formulae S‐, R‐Dy(cyampH)3 ⋅ CH3COOH ⋅ 2H2O (S‐1, R‐1), S‐, R‐Dy(cyampH)3 ⋅ 3H2O (S‐2, R‐2), S‐, R‐Dy(cyampH)2(C2H5COO) ⋅ 3H2O (S‐3, R‐3) and S‐, R‐Dy(cyampH)3 ⋅ 0.5C2H5COOH ⋅ 2H2O (S‐4, R‐4) [cyampH2=S‐, R‐(1‐cyclohexylethyl)aminomethylphosphonic acids], which were obtained depending on the pH of the reaction mixtures and the specific carboxylic acid used as pH regulator. Interestingly, compounds 3 were obtained as superlong nanowires, showing 1D neutral chain structure which contains both phosphonate and propionate anion ligands. While compounds 1, 2 and 4 appeared as block‐like crystals, superhelices and nanorods, respectively, and exhibited similar neutral chain structures containing only phosphonate ligand. Slow magnetization relaxation characteristic of single‐molecule magnet (SMM) behavior was observed for compounds S‐1 and S‐3. Theoretical calculations were performed to rationalize the magneto‐structural relationships.
Land use change: the barrier for sugarcane sustainability
Authors: Picoli Michelle C. A. , Machado Pedro G. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBioethanol production in Brazil gained momentum in the 1970s and 1980s as an energy security and energy sufficiency measure due to the well‐known world oil crisis. However, the increase in bioethanol production and consumption in the past couple of decades has been backed by the country's efforts and measures to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the transport sector. Brazil is the second largest producer of biofuels, and its production continues to increase because of the commitments made in the Paris Agreement in 2015. This study reviews several key policies designed to develop Brazilian bioethanol production and to protect the environment. It is argued that many of these policies do not consider land use change or encourage land protection to achieve sustainable land use and agricultural production. Thus, this work aims to understand the importance and impacts of public policies in expanding sugarcane in Brazil in the past 34 years, with regard to land use and native vegetation. The discussion in this paper addresses the inadequacy of current policies to avoid direct and indirect land use change caused by sugarcane expansion, despite incentives such as 17 Sustainable Development Goals from the United Nations and certification schemes. The data presented indicate an indirect effect caused by the expansion of sugarcane over pasture areas, which leads to further clearing of natural vegetation to establish new pasture areas. Ultimately, this study addresses the importance of zero deforestation in Brazil, regardless of the crop that causes the conversion. Without conjoint efforts by all sectors of the economy to curtail deforestation, the sustainability of producing biofuels is not guaranteed, as the emissions caused by deforestation will not be offset by the lower GHG emissions obtained by using ethanol as a transport fuel. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Kinetic analysis of cystine uptake and inhibition pattern of sulfasalazine in A549 cells
Authors: Okamoto Keisuke , Saito Yoshitaka , Ueda Hinata , Narumi Katsuya , Furugen Ayako , Kobayashi Masaki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCystine/glutamate transporter (xCT) is an antiporter involved in cystine uptake and glutamate efflux. However, there are very few reports regarding the kinetic analysis of xCT for cystine uptake using cancer cell lines, as well as the inhibition pattern of sulfasalazine, an inhibitor of xCT, for cystine uptake. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify the kinetics of xCT in A549 cells, human lung cancer cells, and to reveal the inhibition pattern of sulfasalazine. Cystine uptake occurred in a time‐dependent manner, with linear cystine uptake observed for 5 min. Additionally, sulfasalazine inhibited cystine uptake in a concentration‐dependent manner, presenting an IC50 value of 24.7 ± 5.6 μM. Cystine uptake was saturated with increasing concentration, demonstrating Km and Vmax values of 179.4 ± 26.7 μM and 30.4 ± 2.3 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Moreover, during cystine uptake with sulfasalazine, Km and Vmax were >300 μM and 8.0 ± 1.5 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively, suggesting that sulfasalazine might demonstrate a mixed inhibition pattern. Furthermore, xCT siRNA decreased the xCT mRNA level and reduced cystine uptake. In conclusion, xCT was involved in the cystine uptake in A549 cells and sulfasalazine showed a mixed inhibition pattern to xCT.
Parent treatment integrity across multiple components of a behavioral intervention
Authors: Nuta Raluca , Koudys Julie , O'Neill Paige 
Published: July 2021

AbstractChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often present with challenging behaviors such as aggression, tantrums, or noncompliance. Behavior analytic interventions are considered evidence‐based for decreasing challenging behaviors and may include a combination of strategies to teach replacement behaviors and prevent and respond to challenging behaviors. However, multi‐component interventions are often implemented in treatment settings by professionals and effects may not generalize to the home. Little research has explored the levels of treatment integrity with which multi‐component interventions are implemented by parents. This study evaluated the use of behavior skills training (BST) with ongoing coaching to train parents of two children with ASD to implement multi‐component behavioral interventions in the home to decrease challenging behaviors. Treatment integrity was monitored for each treatment component, and attempts were made to minimize barriers to treatment integrity. Results support the use of BST with ongoing coaching. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Alerting, orienting, and executive control in intellectually gifted children
Authors: Aubry Alexandre , Bourdin Béatrice 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionIntellectually gifted children have higher performance in many domains of attention than intellectually average children. However, these empirical findings are not consistent in the literature. Few studies investigated the characteristics of alerting, orienting, and executive control networks in intellectually gifted children. The aim of our study was to investigate their characteristics of attentional abilities compared to intellectually average children.MethodFifty‐five intellectually gifted children (age range 8–14 years old) were compared to 55 intellectually average children (age range 8–14 years old) using the Attention Network Test (ANT) to assess these three attentional constructs.ResultsIntellectually gifted children made fewer errors than intellectually average children in the processing of the ANT. In terms of attention network scores, they also outperformed intellectually average children in executive control only.ConclusionIntellectually gifted children do not differ from intellectual average children in terms of the speed of processing in a speeded task such as ANT, but they stand out in terms of accuracy of processing. Intellectually gifted children have better ability to focus volitionally in order to solve a simple perceptual conflict than intellectually average children.