bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ปรับตัวเพื่อเปลี่ยนแปลง: วิถีชีวิตของผู้ประกอบอาชีพเกษตรกรรมที่เปลี่ยนแปลงไปในจังหวัดสมุทรสงคราม
Authors: เพ็ญแสงอ่อน เขมรินทร์ , วรรณรัตน์ ตะวัน , สุยะ พิพัฒน์ , เอนกพงศ์พันธ์ วัชรินทร์ 
Published: December 2024

วัตถุประสงค์: งานวิจัยนี้จึงมุ่งแสดงให้เห็นการเปลี่ยนแปลงวิถีชีวิตอันเนื่องมาจากปัจจัยต่าง ๆ ที่เปลี่ยนแปลงไปในจังหวัดจังหวัดสมุทรสงคราม และเพื่อแสดงให้เห็นถึงความหลากหลายในทางกิจกรรมทางเศรษฐกิจของจังหวัดสมุทรสงคราม รวมทั้งเข้าใจวิถีการดำเนินชีวิตและการทำกิจกรรมทางเศรษฐกิจที่หลากหลายของผู้คนในจังหวัดสมุทรสงคราม
วิธีการศึกษา: งานวิจัยนี้เป็นงานศึกษาเชิงคุณภาพโดยใช้วิธีการวิจัยแบบรวบรวมเอกสาร การสังเกต และการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกในระหว่างเดือนมิถุนายน พ.ศ. 2565 ถึง เดือนพฤษภาคม พ.ศ. 2566 โดยเก็บข้อมูลเบื้องต้นจากเอกสารต่าง ๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้อง และลงพื้นที่เก็บข้อมูลด้วยการสังเกตวิถีชีวิตและการประกอบอาชีพ และการสัมภาษณ์เชิงลึกรวมทั้งสิ้น 12 คน โดยผู้ให้ข้อมูลหลัก ได้แก่ สมาชิกสภาเกษตรกรจังหวัดสมุทรสงคราม เจ้าหน้าที่เกษตรอำเภออัมพวา เกษตรกรสวนส้มโอ เกษตรกรสวนมะพร้าว ผู้ประกอบการรีสอร์ท และ สมาชิกสภาองค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลในพื้นที่อำเภอเมือง อำเภออัมพวาและอำเภอบางคนที จังหวัดสมุทรสงคราม โดยจะใช้วิธีการสุ่มตัวอย่างแบบอ้างอิงต่อโดยจะไม่มีการเปิดเผยนามของผู้สัมภาษณ์จะใช้นามสมมติแทนเพื่อปกป้องข้อมูลของผู้ถูกสัมภาษณ์
ผลการศึกษา: ผลการศึกษาพบว่าในปัจจุบันชาวสวนในจังหวัดสมุทรสงครามต้องเผชิญกับการเปลี่ยนแปลงและข้อจำกัดในการทำสวนหลายประการ ซึ่งเกษตรกรชาวสวนให้ข้อมูลว่าสิ่งที่ยังคงทำให้ชาวสวนสามารถประกอบอาชีพการทำสวนต่อไปได้ได้คือ“ความรัก” และ “ความรู้” ในการทำสวน อย่างไรก็ตามเกษตรกรในพื้นที่ยังต้องการให้ภาครัฐเข้ามามีส่วนร่วมในการสนับสนุนในการประกอบอาชีพของตน แม้ว่าในพื้นที่จังหวัดสมุทรสงครามจะมีหน่วยงานภาครัฐที่มีบทบาทหน้าที่ทางด้านการเกษตรโดยตรงและโดยอ้อมอยู่หลายหน่วยงาน แต่ปัญหาที่ทั้งเกษตรกรและเจ้าหน้าที่สะท้อนให้เห็นคือการขาดการประสานร่วมมือกันของหน่วยงานต่าง ๆ ทำให้การจัดโครงการเพื่อสนับสนุนการประกอบอาชีพของเกษตรกรไม่ประสบผลสำเร็จ
การประยุกต์ใช้: ผลการศึกษานี้สามารถนำไปประยุกต์ใช้ในการวางแผนนโยบายเพื่อสนับสนุนและส่งเสริมการทำเกษตรในจังหวัดสมุทรสงครามเพื่อตอบสนองต่อการเปลี่ยนที่เกิดขึ้นภายในพื้นที่ทั้งในแง่สภาพภูมิอากาศที่เปลี่ยนแปลงไป รวมทั้งการเปลี่ยนแปลงวิถีชีวิตให้ตอบสนองต่อตลาดมากขึ้นเพื่อให้เกษตรกรสามารถปรับเปลี่ยนวิถีชีวิตและหารายได้ให้เพียงพอต่อการดำรงชีพ รวมทั้งเป็นข้อมูลที่สำคัญในการวางแผนการพัฒนาพื้นที่ไม่ให้เน้นหนักไปทางใดทางหนึ่งมากเกินไปจนละเลยต่อประชาชนส่วนอื่น ๆ และทรัพยากรส่วนอื่น ๆ ที่มีศักยภาพในการนำมาใช้ประโยชน์ในการพัฒนาพื้นที่
Construção colaborativa do conhecimento tecnológico, pedagógico e do conteúdo de professores de matemática
Authors: Powell Arthur B. 
Published: December 2024

As novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação desafiam os educadores em Educação Matemática a responder às mudanças que as mesmas estimulam em nossa sociedade. Assim, baseado em dois desafios instigados pelas novas tecnologias digitais, apresentamos12 uma proposta com o objetivo de avançar na construção colaborativa do conhecimento tecnológico, pedagógico e do conteúdo de professores de Matemática. Nossa proposta é fruto de um projeto colaborativo - eMat - entre pesquisadores de duas universidades que reúne professores de Matemática que desejam evoluir nas suas práticas, aprendendo matemática colaborativa e discursivamente com tecnologias digitais. Usamos um quadro conceitual e teórico que inclui ideias sobre o complexo de corpos de conhecimentos tecnológico, pedagógico e do conteúdo (CTPC), proposto por Mishra e Koehler (2006). Este se constitui quando um professor usa apropriadamente as tecnologias digitais para fornecer oportunidades aos seus alunos para interagirem colaborativamente para fazer Matemática (GATTEGNO, 1987). Apresentamos dados de dois momentos de um curso online que pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento profissional, ilustrando como pequenas equipes de professores constroem seu CTPC em um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem - Virtual Math Teams with GeoGebra. Assim, por meio do nosso projeto, eMat, estamos dando suporte para professores que estão dispostos a usarem novas tecnologias digitais, as quais podem ser úteis para que os seus alunos manipulem objetos matemáticos e percebam relações entre os objetos e relações de relações.
Características del sueño y salud autopercibida en profesionales residentes de formación sanitaria especializada
Authors: Amigo Rodríguez Janire , Oyarbide Saralegui Alaitz , Rodríguez Cortés Marta , Olagaray Ramirez Maria , Arrien Bilbao Anne 
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Existe una correlación positiva entre el índice de calidad de sueño, estado de salud autopercibida y adecuados hábitos de higiene de sueño. Se propuso conocer las características del sueño y la salud autopercibida de los residentes de Formación Sanitaria Especializada de Osakidetza.
Método: Estudio observacional transversal multicéntrico donde 501 residentes voluntarios constituyeron la muestra.
Se emplearon un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh, el Cuestionario de salud SF 12 y la Escala de Higiene del Sueño.
Resultados: El 81,06% (n=351) tiene mala calidad de sueño; siendo más afectados los que tienen ansiedad, los que realizan guardias de 24 horas, los que conviven con personas dependientes y los que realizan especialidades de más duración. Cuanto mejores son los hábitos de higiene de sueño, mejor es la calidad de sueño (p<0,001) así como la salud mental autopercibida (p<0.001). Ser mujer y no tener ansiedad se relaciona con unos mejores hábitos de higiene de sueño. Por el contrario, a medida que la salud mental percibida de un individuo mejora, su salud física percibida empeora, y viceversa (p<0,001).
Conclusiones: Existe relación entre la calidad del sueño y la salud autopercibida de los residentes de Formación Sanitaria Especializada de Euskadi además de con los hábitos de higiene de sueño que tienen. Es importante que salud laboral ejecute programas educativos según las necesidades detectadas.
Palabras clave en DeCS: Sleep Wake Disorders; Sleep Hygiene; Quality of Life; Internship and Residency
PROXIMALLY BASED SUPERFICIAL SURAL ARTERY FLAP UTILITY AND COMPLICATION
Authors: Ali Qazi Amjad , Khan Nasir Hayat , Hayat Waqas , Ahmad Shahzad , Khan Mansoor , Khan Zarak 
Published: December 2024

Background: Most of the patients presenting with such injuries belong to the low socio-economic class, where the whole family is dependent upon the earning of a one single person. Due to the critical role of knee in mobility, its coverage is of critical importance in order for the patient to achieve ambulation.
Objectives: To determine the uses and frequency of complications for proximally based superficial sural artery flaps in a tertiary care center.
Settings: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed at Burns & plastic surgery, Peshawar and Burns & Plastic Surgery, Peshawar from June 2020 to March 2024.
Methodology: Patients were included in the study after informed consent. After clinical history and examination, the patient was optimized for surgical procedure. Per-operatively the defect size, location and exposed structures were identified and documented. Follow-up was done for 1 month for any complications. The data was organized and analyzed with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and presented in the form of tables and figures.
Results: A total of 12 patients were included in this study. The mean age was 33.7 ± 15.2 years. Most of the patients (91.7%) were male. Most common mechanism of injury was road traffic accident (RTA) as shown in table 1. Flap delay was done in one (7.7%) patient. Two patients had partial necrosis.
Conclusion: Sural artery flap is a good reconstructive option for defects of distal thigh, knee and proximal leg. It can cover large defects and the donor site morbidity is low.
CORRELATION OF CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL FEATURES AND DISEASE PROGRESSION IN BREAST CARCINOMA PATIENTS-A MULTINOMIAL LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Authors: Sahar Sana , Gul Tamjeed , Khan Muhammad Ihtesham 
Published: December 2024

Objective: To determine the correlation between breast carcinoma progression pattern with age, tumor cell receptor status, histopathological diagnoses, and stage of disease in patients.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the surgery unit of Khyber Teaching Hospital, from January 2023 to December 2023. Patients diagnosed with breast cancer who did not receive treatment were included while those already on chemotherapy were excluded. Patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the oncology department from a consultant Oncologist. A cohort of 54 patients were followed up until completion of chemotherapy. Pre- and post-chemotherapy CT scans were done to re-stage and determine disease progression. The normality of data was recognized by Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilks test. The association between categorical variables was determined by the chi-square test of association. The Kruskall-Wallis test was used to determine the correlation between nominal and continuous variables. Multinomial logistic regression was applied between nominal variables where correlation was significant. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Mean age of 54 patients was 44.11±10.87 (range: 17-70) years. Early-stage disease was seen in 20(37%) cases, while 25(46.3%) had locally advanced breast carcinoma and 9 (16.7%) had metastatic disease. Disease progression was seen in 19 (35.2%), while 24(44.4%) showed regression and 11 (20.4%) showed no change in disease progression (p-value<0.05). A statistically significant strong association was seen between disease progression and stage (?2=14.7, p=0.004). Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that patients with early disease at diagnosis were more likely to observe disease regression (OR=24.5, p= 0.008, CI 95%=2.28-262.5).
EFFECTIVENESS OF OF ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY FOR TREATMENT OF OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE
Authors: Asghar Muhammad , Khan Jibran Umar Ayub , Hameed Khalid , Shah Azhar Zahir , Shah Syed Abdul Ahad Ali , Fayyaz Humera 
Published: December 2024

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is one of leading procedures for diagnosis and management of obstructive jaundice.
Objective: To assess the effectiveness of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for biochemical and symptomatic improvement in patients of obstructive jaundice
Results: The mean age of the patient was 51 years with a minimum of 30 and maximum of 79 years. There was equal male to female ratio.46% of patients had CBD stones ,43% had strictures in CBD,8.4% had carcinoma pancreas and 2.6% had periampullary growth .46% patients underwent sphincterotomy with balloon extraction while 54% had stent placement for stones evacuation and drainage of bile flow 74% of the patients had significant improvement of clinical symptoms in 7 days while 26% had improvement in 3 days .Post ERCP pancreatitis was 2% of cases .The mean ALT and AST before intervention were 124 and 123 units/L respectively .The mean ALP and bilirubin were 602 and 4.6 units/L respectively .The mean ALT,AST,bilirubin and ALP after the intervention were 73,74,410 and 2.6 units/L respectively. Significant improvement was seen in the liver function tests, clinical symptoms as reflected by a p value of less than 0.05
Conclusion: In conclusion ERCP is an excellent therapeutic procedure for the management of obstructive jaundice.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ МИНЕРАЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СОСТАВА ЗАБАЛАНСОВЫХ СМЕШЕННЫХ СЕРЕБРО СОДЕРЖАЩИХ РУД НА СОДЕРЖАНИЕ БЛАГОРОДНЫХ МЕТАЛЛОВ
Authors: Нурмуродов Мехриддин Нарзуллаевич , Холмуродов Ферузжон Фарходугли , Вохидов Бахриддин Рахмидинович , Савриев Элёр Эркинович 
Published: December 2024

This paper analyses the study of the mineralogy of silver-ore ores with the method of their processing based on the study of rational analysis and method of enrichment and sorption extraction of metals. The authors of the work studied the possibility of attracting these types of ores to processing with the evaluation of the study of mineralogical and rational composition of mixed-sulphide ores. The article is a detailed study of the mineralogical composition of off-balance silver-bearing ores and offers a technological scheme for their processing. The research is carried out at a high level, using modern methods of analysis and enrichment.
Perlindungan Hak Anak dalam Konflik Perceraian: Analisis Hukum Keluarga Indonesia
Authors: Kurniawan Harry 
Published: December 2024

Perceraian merupakan fenomena sosial yang berdampak luas, terutama terhadap anak-anak yang menjadi pihak paling rentan dalam konflik keluarga. Dalam konteks Indonesia, perlindungan hak anak dalam konflik perceraian telah diatur melalui berbagai regulasi, seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan, Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak, serta Konvensi Hak Anak yang diratifikasi Indonesia. Namun, implementasi prinsip kepentingan terbaik anak sering kali tidak maksimal dalam praktik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kerangka hukum dan implementasi perlindungan hak anak dalam konflik perceraian, serta mengidentifikasi tantangan yang dihadapi. Penelitian menggunakan metode pustaka (library research) dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis, mengkaji undang-undang, putusan pengadilan, dan literatur terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun regulasi telah memberikan landasan yang memadai, terdapat celah dalam pengawasan pelaksanaan hak nafkah, akses terhadap orang tua non-kustodial, dan dukungan psikologis anak. Kurangnya pemahaman tentang prinsip kepentingan terbaik anak dalam pengambilan keputusan pengadilan juga menjadi kendala utama. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan perlunya penguatan regulasi, peningkatan kapasitas lembaga terkait, serta edukasi masyarakat untuk melindungi hak anak dalam konflik perceraian. Pendekatan holistik yang melibatkan aspek hukum, sosial, dan emosional diperlukan untuk memastikan hak anak tetap terlindungi.
Effect of Genotypes, Fertilizer Application & Crop Geometry on Growth, Yield and Yield Attributes in Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)
Authors: Aswani R. C. , Gathiye G. S. , Tyagi S. K. 
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2019-20 & 2020-21 at KNK Horticulture College. Treatments comprised of three crop geometry viz., 20x10 cm (S1), 25x10 cm (S2) and 30x10cm (S3), two fertilizer levels viz., F145:35:35:20 N:P:K:S ha-1, F260:45:45:30 N:P:K:S ha-1 and three genotypes viz., Rcr 41 (V1), Ajmer Coriander ACr-2 (V2) and Pant Haritima as a check (V3). The experiment was laidout in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with factorial concept. Result revealed that application of N:P:K:S 60:45:45:30 (F2) Kg-1 ha with a row spacing of 30x10 cm (S3) significantly improved plant height, number of branches/plant, while minimum days to 50% flowering was recorded in 20x10cm (S1), whereas the highest number of umbels/plant, test weight (g), Umbellates Plant-1, seed yield (kg ha-1), straw yield (kg ha-1), biological yield (kg ha-1), harvest index (%) was recorded in 30x10 cm(S3) Highest No. of nodes (11.20, 11.08 & 11.28) at harvest in S3, F2and V2and primary branches were recorded (8.86, 8.65 & 8.58) in S3, F2 and V2 respectively for growth parameters whereas, maximum No. of umbels and No. of umbellate (39.26,38.20,42.39&139.91,134.66,140.82 )was recorded at harvest inS3,F2and V2 respectively. Maximum Seed yield (13.22, 12.62, 12.80 & 25.77, 24.57, 24.76) was recorded in S3, F2and V2 respectively (kg ha-1). Ajmer Coriander ACr-1 (V2) recorded an additional net returns of Rs. 89273 and Rs. 82510 over Pant Haritima (V3) and Rcr 41 (V1). Highest B:C ratio was obtained with Ajmer Coriander ACr-1(3.36) as compared to Pant Haritima (3.34) and Rcr 41 (2.93) respectively.
Biodegradable Polymer with Effective Near‐Infrared‐II Absorption as a Photothermal Agent for Deep Tumor Therapy
Authors: Yu Yingjie , Tang Dongsheng , Liu Chaoyong , Zhang Qi , Tang Lin , Lu Yunfeng , Xiao Haihua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhotothermal therapy holds great promise for cancer treatment due to its effective tumor ablation and minimal invasiveness. Herein a new class of biodegradable photothermal agents with effective adsorption in both near‐infrared‐I (NIR‐I) and NIR‐II windows is reported for deep tumor therapy. As demonstrated in a deep‐seated ovarian cancer model, photothermal therapy using 1064 nm irradiation effectively inhibits tumor progression and prolongs survival spans. This work provides a new design of photothermal agents toward a more effective therapy of tumors.
Steering Hole Transfer from the Light Absorber to Oxygen Evolution Sites for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Huang Shuquan , Yi Jianjian , Pan Yichen , Wang Chongtai , Jin Yangxin , Song Yanhua , Xu Yuanguo , Lam Chun Ho , Li Huaming , Xu Hui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHarvesting solar energy to realize water splitting into H2 and O2 in 2:1 stoichiometric without using any sacrificial agents and external bias confronts a big challenge. Herein, the authors demonstrate that engineering the hole transfer kinetic by embedding reduced graphene oxide (rGO) in the interface of light absorber (2D carbon nitride, 2D g‐CN) and oxygen evolution cocatalysts (MOx, M = Fe, Co, Ni) can both tune the hole extraction rate and oxygen evolution performance. As a result of breaking the rate‐determining step (i.e., oxygen evolution reaction) in overall water splitting, the optimal Pt/2D g‐CN/rGO‐FeOx photocatalyst can evolve H2 and O2 in pure water with the rates of 14.07 and 7.03 µmol h−1, respectively, showing roughly higher gas evolution rates and also excellent stability compared to the photocatalysts without hole transport engineering. This work reveals the feasibility of overall water splitting by tuning the oxygen evolution dynamic and affords a versatile strategy for designing cocatalyst/photocatalyst systems for efficient photocatalysis.
The Role of Structural Flexibility in Plasmon‐Driven Coupling Reactions: Kinetic Limitations in the Dimerization of Nitro‐Benzenes
Authors: Koopman Wouter , Titov Evgenii , Sarhan Radwan M. , Gaebel Tina , Schürmann Robin , Mostafa Amr , Kogikoski Sergio , Milosavljević Alexandar R. , Stete Felix , Liebig Ferenc , Schmitt Clemens N.Z. , Koetz Joachim , Bald Ilko , Saalfrank Peter , Bargheer Matias 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe plasmon‐driven dimerization of 4‐nitrothiophenol (4NTP) to 4‐4′‐dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB) is a testbed for understanding bimolecular photoreactions enhanced by nanoscale metals, in particular, regarding the relevance of electron transfer and heat transfer from the metal to the molecule. By adding a methylene group between the thiol bond and the nitrophenyl, structural flexibility is added to the reactant molecule. Time‐resolved surface‐enhanced Raman‐spectroscopy proves that this (4‐nitrobenzyl)mercaptan (4NBM) molecule has a larger dimerization rate and dimerization yield than 4NTP and higher selectivity toward dimerization. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations show that the electron transfer prefers activation of 4NTP over 4NBM. It is concluded that the rate limiting step of this plasmonic reaction is the dimerization step, which is dramatically enhanced by the additional flexibility of the reactant. This study may serve as an example for using nanoscale metals to simultaneously provide charge carriers for bond activation and localized heat for driving bimolecular reaction steps. The molecular structure of reactants can be tuned to control the reaction kinetics.
Big data, data privacy, and plant and animal disease research using GEMS
Authors: Senay Senait D. , Shurson Gerald C. , Cardona Carol , Silverstein Kevin A.T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOne of the major challenges in ensuring global food security is the ever‐changing biotic risk affecting the productivity and efficiency of the global food supply system. Biotic risks that threaten food security include pests and diseases that affect pre‐ and postharvest terrestrial agriculture and aquaculture. Strategies to minimize this risk depend heavily on plant and animal disease research. As data collected at high spatial and temporal resolutions become increasingly available, epidemiological models used to assess and predict biotic risks have become more accurate and, thus, more useful. However, with the advent of Big Data opportunities, a number of challenges have arisen that limit researchers’ access to complex, multi‐sourced, multi‐scaled data collected on pathogens, and their associated environments and hosts. Among these challenges, one of the most limiting factors is data privacy concerns from data owners and collectors. While solutions, such as the use of de‐identifying and anonymizing tools that protect sensitive information are recognized as effective practices for use by plant and animal disease researchers, there are comparatively few platforms that include data privacy by design that are accessible to researchers. We describe how the general thinking and design used for data sharing and analysis platforms can intrinsically address a number of these data privacy‐related challenges that are a barrier to researchers wanting to access data. We also describe how some of the data privacy concerns confronting plant and animal disease researchers are addressed by way of the GEMS informatics platform.
Directionally biased habitat shifts and biogeographically informative cytonuclear discordance in the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Compositae)
Authors: Baldwin Bruce G. , Wood Kenneth R. , Freyman William A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPremiseExpanded phylogenetic analyses of the Hawaiian silversword alliance (Argyroxiphium,Dubautia,Wilkesia; Compositae) were undertaken to assess evolutionary and biogeographic informativeness of cytonuclear discordance and any biases in evolutionary directionality of ecological transitions within this prominent example of adaptive radiation.MethodsSamples spanning the geographic and ecological distributions of all recognized taxa were included in phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) and cpDNA sequences. Bayesian model testing approaches were used to model ecological evolution and the evolution of nuclear chromosomal arrangements while accounting for phylogenetic uncertainty.ResultsCytonuclear discordance detected previously appears to reflect chloroplast capture, at least in part, with nrDNA trees being largely congruent with nuclear chromosomal structural data and fine‐scale taxonomy. Comparison of biogeographic histories estimated from the posterior distributions of nrDNA and cpDNA trees, including inferred chloroplast‐capture events, provides additional resolution of dispersal history, including a back‐dispersal to Maui Nui from Hawai‘i. A newly resolved major nrDNA clade of endemic Kaua‘i taxa that mostly were described as new‐to‐science since the 1980s strengthens the earlier hypothesis that diversification on Kaua‘i has not waned since the island began to decline in area through subsidence and erosion. Bias in habitat shifts was estimated, with transitions from dry‐to‐mesic or ‐wet and from wet‐to‐mesic or ‐bog habitats dominating diversification of the silversword alliance from a dry‐adapted tarweed ancestor.ConclusionsThe habitat‐transition biases estimated here may indicate more limited pathways of ecological evolution than proposed previously for an adaptive radiation involving such major ecological shifts.