bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA: METABOLIC, ENDOCRINE, AND ELECTRON-MICROSCOPIC INVESTIGATIONS
Authors: Sperling Mark A. , Hengstenberg Fay , Yunis Eduardo , Kenny Frederick M. , Drash Allan L. 
Published: December 2021

Two siblings presenting with short stature and severely retarded skeletal maturation were found to have steatorrhea, retinitis pigmentosa, night blindness, and loss of posterior column function. The finding of acanthocytosis in the peripheral blood smear, low levels of all serum lipid fractions, and complete absence of betalipoproteins on electrophoresis confirmed the diagnosis of abetalipoproteinemia. Vitamin A levels were low and free Vitamin E was absent in serum. Electron microscopic examination of duodenal biopsy did not clarify the site on mechanism of fat malabsorption.
Lipid studies in immediate relatives could not establish a heterozygous trait, though the majority of relatives had a prominent beta or pre-beta band on lipoprotein electrophoresis. The resemblance in physical appearance to hypopituitarism prompted an extensive endocrine evaluation. Thyroid indices and growth hormone responses to arginine and insulin stimulation were normal. Urinary 17 OHCS were in the low range of normal and the cortisol secretion rates were one and two standard deviations below the mean. These latter studies excluded endocrine abnormality as the cause of short stature which is best explained on the basis of prolonged malabsorption and malnutrition.
FACTORS INFLUENCING PREDISPOSITION TO SERIOUS ILLNESS IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS
Authors: Glass Leonard , Kolko Norma , Evans Hugh 
Published: December 2021

Serious illness requiring rehospitalization of low birth weight infants following discharge from the nursery was related to four specific sociomedical factors.
These were failure of the mother to receive prenatal care, absence of the father from the home, receipt of public assistance, and presence of other children in the home. These factors formed the basis of a weighted prognostic index, permitting prospective assignment of a score to each low birth weight infant. Those at highest risk of inadequate follow-up care and rehospitalization were identified prior to discharge from the nursery. This may permit direction of intensive medical nursing and social services toward this high risk group.
LORD CHESTERFIELD WRITES TO HIS SON ABOUT HOW ILL-BRED A THING IS LAUGHTER
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Affectations vary with the ever-changing rules for some of the petty aspects of so-called proper social comportment. Lord Chesterfield's affectation of hauteur and disdain about the indelicacy of laughter will strike those of us living in the 1970's as "laughable." In one of his many letters to his son, Chesterfield wrote:
Having mentioned laughter, I must particularly warn you against it: and I could heartily wish, that you may often be seen to smile but never heard to laugh while you live. . . . In my mind, there is nothing so illiberal, and so ill-bred, as audible laughter. . . . I am sure that since I have had the full use of my reason, nobody has ever heard me laugh.1
How dreary must have been Lord Chesterfield's son's childhood, or that of Lord Chesterfield's son's father!
Splenomegaly with Hypersplenism in Sickle Cell Anemia Treated by Radiation—Case Report
Authors: Sommer Annemarie , Kontras Stella B. 
Published: December 2021

The incidence of splenomegaly in sickle cell anemia (defined as a spleen easily palpated below the costal margin in quiet respiration) appears to be around 10% after 10 years of age. Persistent splenomegaly in older children is rare and frequently is associated with hypersplenism. Splenectomy has been the treatment of choice in several reported cases based on red cell survival studies before and after splenectomy.1-3 Removal of the spleen has been found to be associated with marked improvement of previously very shortened red cell survival.
We want to report the case of a 12-year-old boy with sickle cell anemia, splenomegaly, and sickle cell heart disease who was treated by radiation therapy for his enlarged spleen because of hypersplenism.
PHYSIOLOGY FOR PEDIATRICIANS ASSESSMENT OF HYPOXIA IN THE NEWBORN SUGGESTIONS FOR A PRACTICAL APPROACH
Authors: Duc G. 
Published: December 2021

Routine measurements of arterial Po2, Pco2, oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, P50, hemoglobin content allow a more accurate approach in the treatment of hypoxia in the neonate. Based upon these routinely available determinations and upon the clinical evaluation of the peripheral circulation, four types of hypoxia can be distinguished:
(1) Hypoxia with hypoxemia due to a decrease in arterial Po2.
(2) Hypoxia with hypoxemia due to a decrease in blood oxygen content without decrease in arterial Po2.
(3) Hypoxia with normoxemia due to a decrease in peripheral blood flow.
(4) Hypoxia with normoxemia due to an increase in the hemoglobin-oxygen affinity.
Hyaline membrane disease represents a possible combination of these four different mechanisms.
RETROLENTAL FIBROPLASIA: THE PEDIATRICIAN'S DILEMMA
Authors: Patz A. , Kinsey V. Everett 
Published: December 2021

Retrolental fibroplasia (RLF), which was unknown prior to the early 1940's, was first identified in premature infants by Terry in 1942.1 Within the short span of approximately 10 years, RLF had become one of the major causes of blindness in children throughout the world. The incrimination of oxygen in the early 1950's was demonstrated conclusively in a cooperative study performed in the United States in 1953-54 and published in 1956.2 The results of this study led to the general restriction of oxygen therapy, and the incidence of RLF subsequently decreased dramatically.
Avery and Oppenheimer3 in 1960 first reported that the mortality from hyaline membrane disease had increased in their nursery during the period of rigid curtailment of oxygen to prevent RLF.
HUMAN PLACENTAL TRANSFER OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE-I125
Authors: King Katherine C. , Adam Peter A. J. , Schwartz Robert , Teramo Kari 
Published: December 2021

At term, human growth hormone (HGH) does not cross the human placenta: therefore, the source of HGH in the fetal plasma is the fetal pituitary. In order to determine whether the fetal pituitary is also the only source of HGH secretion early in gestation, the maternofetal transfer of HGH-I125 was evaluated in four pregnant women receiving legal therapeutic abortions by abdominal hysterotomy. The plasma concentration of HGH-I125 was maintained until fetal delivery by a continuous infusion of the labeled hormone at 20 µc/hr for 170 to 225 minutes; and the plasma HGH-I125 concentration was determined by a specific immunoprecipitation. Even with maternal plasma levels of radioactive HGH between 875 and 1287 cpm/ml, no HGH-I125 was detected in either umbilical venous or arterial plasma, or in the amniotic fluid.
As at term, no human placental transfer of HGH-I125 occurs early in gestation. Since the fetal hypophysis synthesizes, secretes, and stores HGH as early as 9 weeks in gestation, the fetal anterior pituitary apparently is the only source of HGH available to the human fetus.
THE ART OF TORMENTING CHILDREN ACCORDING TO MISS JANE COLLIER WRITING IN 1804
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Few women in English literature have distinguished themselves as satirists. But Miss Jane Collier, who is little known even to authorities on the history of English satire, could at times rise to Swiftian irony. An example of how to torment children from her little-known book entitled "An Essay on the Art of Ingeniously Tormenting" follows:
. . . That you pursue the method called INDULGENCE, which I have already marked out. This will infallibly make them miserable while infants; as common experience must shew (sic) you, that no children are so fretful, peevish, and uneasy, as those who are so indulged. And although you may, by this means, breed up a parcel of head-strong, hard-hearted cubs, who, when old enough, will defy your power; yet you may, in the mean time, amuse yourself with your servants, your acquaintance, and your friends, who may chance to be more fitted by nature, or education, for your purpose. You may go out of the world, also, with the pleasing reflection, that you have left behind you a set of wolves, cats, and foxes, of your own educating; who will help to plague and torment all the rest of mankind.
IgA: PRESENCE IN MECONIUM OBTAINED FROM PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: Rule Allyn H. , Lawrence David , Hager Hans J. , Hyslop Newton , Shwachman Harry 
Published: December 2021

Meconiums obtained from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) have been found to contain secretory and/or serum IgA.
Since IgA is believed to be synthesized after birth, its presence in the prenatal gut of patients with a hereditary disease involving dysfunction of the exocrine glands may be related to the basic disease lesion.
THE TREATMENT OF ACNE WITH ANTIBIOTICS
Authors: Yaffe Sumner J. , Bierman Charles W. , Cann Howard M. , Gold Arnold P. , Kenny Frederic M. , Riley Harris D. , Schafer Irwin , Stern Leo , Weiss Charles F. , Shirkey Harry C. , Hayes Thomas H. , Bishop Jeffrey , Farchione Louis A. , Lockhart Jean D. , Sawchuk Steven 
Published: December 2021

When broad-spectrum antibiotics were first introduced two decades ago for the treatment of acne, justification for such therapy seemed reasonably straightforward, e.g., the suppression of the suppurative inflammatory lesions commonly encountered in acne. As time went on, however, certain observations raised questions concerning the rationale for this form of treatment. First, it became apparent with cumulative clinical experience that the disease could ordinarily be controlled by doses of antibiotics lower than those required to treat bacterial infections. Second, bacteriologic studies disclosed that the only bacteria regularly recoverable from acne lesions were the anaerobic diphtheroid Corynebacterium acnes and aerobic coagulase-negative cocci, predominantly staphylococcus type II; both of these bacteria are known to be normal resident skin organisms.1 Thus, as no reports of controlled studies were then available for assessing the true efficacy of antibiotics used in the treatment of acne, the uneasy suspicion arose that such therapy might be inducing a primarily placebo response.
In 1965, Freinkel and her collaborators2 demonstrated that the oral administration of tetracycline, even in doses as small as 250 mg daily, resulted in a significant reduction of the free fatty acid concentration of the lipid (sebum) secreted to the skin surface by the sebaceous glands. This effect could be observed in normal subjects as well as in patients with acne and was entirely reversible on discontinuance of drug. The inflammatory lesions of acne are known to result from disorganization of the follicular epithelium, with consequent liberation of the intrafollicular contents, containing sebum, into the dermis.3
Tocopherol Therapy in Acanthocytosis
Authors: Wallis Kurt , Gross Meir , Zaidman Jacob L. , Julsary Angela , Szeinberg Aryeh , Kook Abraham I. 
Published: December 2021

Acanthocytosis or a-beta-lipoproteinemia is a rare inborn error of metabolism known also as the "Bassen Kornzweig syndrome."1 We had
See Images in the PDF File
the opportunity to examine a Jewish girl, H.F., 11 years old, with a-beta-lipoproteinemia. The girl has healthy parents of Turkish origin who are first cousins, and a healthy brother and sister. At the age of 33½ months she was admitted to this hospital with a picture of malabsorption and from then on she was under our permanent observation.
Safety Measures and Accidental Poisoning
Authors: Sobel Raymond 
Published: December 2021

The battle ground of accidental poisoning seems to be constantly active, at least in these columns,1 and I should like to add a note to the controversy between Dr. Scherz and Dr. Margolis about the relationship of environmental hazard to the incidence of accidental poisoning.
Dr. Scherz states that there are no published studies supporting the thesis that environmental hazard is not a significant variable. I wish to correct Dr. Scherz. In 19692 I published a paper in this Journal in which I demonstrated that home safety and the frequency of poisoning were unrelated in 397 children whose families were studied in depth.
Neonatal Enteric Infections Caused by Escherichia Coli (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 176), edited by Bud Tennant, D.V.M. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1971, 405 pp., $28.00
Authors: Nelson John D. 
Published: December 2021

In May 1970 a conference was held which brought together investigators from varied fields to exchange ideas about pathogenetic mechanisms involved in neonatal enteric infections with Escherichia coli. This volume is a collection of the papers presented and the discussions. Appropriately, veterinarians were strongly represented since it has been largely through their research efforts in recent years that we have a somewhat better, though still woefully incomplete, understanding of the problem.
As is generally true of such conferences, the majority of papers were a re-hash of previously published work, but this volume does serve the useful purpose of collecting most of the relevant, investigational material into a convenient reference source.
RELATING MUCUS, CALCIUM, AND SWEAT IN A NEW CONCEPT OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: Gibson Lewis E. , Matthews Wallace J. , Minihan Patrick T. , Patti John A. 
Published: December 2021

Six experiments are described. A mucus-containing secretion from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients is shown to be hyperpermeable in vitro. Hyperpermeability is demonstrated in vivo after either mucus removal or the addition of CF serum. Calcitim is shown to elevate sweat chloride, and to cause hvperpermeability both in vitro and in vivo.
The implications of these experiments are discussed. The investigations of other workers are reviewed, and a unified theory concerning CF is presented. In this theory it is suggested that mucus has a biological function of inhibiting the passive flow of water and small ions, that CF is a disease in which mucus is hyperpermeable and fails to perform this function adequately, and that this failure is caused by an excess secretion of calcium from exocrine glands.
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPREHENSIVE AND CONTINUOUS PEDIATRIC CARE
Authors: Gordis Leon , H. P. , Markowitz Milton 
Published: December 2021

Two controlled studies were undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of comprehensive and continuous pediatric care. In the first study, 220 infants of primiparous adolescents were randomly allocated to either a comprehensive care (CC) or traditional care (TC) group. CC infants received all medical care, preventive and therapeutic, in a hospital-based program staffed by a pediatrician, public health nurse, and social worker. Mothers of TC infants were left to obtain care from emergency rooms, well-baby and outpatient clinics. One year after delivery, each mother was interviewed and her infant's medical records abstracted. No differences were found between CC and TC infants in completeness of immunization, utilization of medical resources, morbidity, or mortality.
In a second study, it was hypothesized that patient compliance with physicians' recommendations would be favorably influenced by continuous care. Seventy-seven children on daily oral penicillin prophylaxis for history of rheumatic fever (RF) were studied. For one year, compliance was determined by periodic urine tests for penicillin. Patients were then stratified for age, sex, and compliance and randomly allocated to continuous care (CC) or traditional care (TC) groups. CC patients received all medical care, even for problems unrelated to RF, from the same two physicians for 15 months. TC patients continued to receive specialty clinic care, were seen at the RF clinic by different physicians and referred elsewhere for all problems unrelated to RF.
Urine specimens were tested periodically for penicillin. After 15 months, no differences were observed between CC and TC groups in proportion of noncompliers or in internal shifts in compliance which had occurred during the study. Thus, neither of these studies was able to demonstrate that comprehensive and continuous care was more effective than conventional ambulatory care for children.
PROGNOSIS WITH VESICOURETERAL REFLUX
Authors: Blank Eugene , Girdany Bertram R. 
Published: December 2021

One hundred and fifteen children with vesicoureteral reflux have been followed for 5 or more years. In 86 children the findings on excretory urography have remained normal. In one girl the findings became abnormal. In 11 with abnormal findings on excretory urography, the abnormalities were present at the time of the first examination, and they did not change. In 17 children the findings on follow-up excretory urography were inconclusive because the renal margins or the calices were not satisfactorily defined, or slight dilatation of a calix due to normal variation in caliber could not be differentiated from pathological dilatation.
The clinical course of these children has been different from that of a separate group of 16 children with the microscopic diagnosis of chronic pyelonephritis.
The Combined Effect of Phototherapy and Phenobarbital on Serum Bilirubin Levels of Premature Infants
Authors: Blackburn Michael G. , Orzalesi Marcello M. , Pigram Penelope 
Published: December 2021

The effectiveness of phototherapy in the prevention and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is well established. There is also sufficient evidence to indicate that phenobarbital is effective in decreasing serum bilirubin levels in newborn infants. Since light is thought to break down bilirubin in the skin by photo-oxidation, and phenobarbital is known to induce bilirubin conjugating activity in the liver, the possibility of an additive effect in combined therapy was investigated in the present study.
Materials and Methods
Six sets of premature identical (monochorionic) twins (33 to 35 weeks' gestation) were studied after obtaining parental permission. Each set of twins was admitted to the study at 12 hours of life if both infants were considered normal with the exception of prematurity.
The Effectiveness of Health Screening in a School Program for Migrant Children
Authors: Eisner Victor , Cobb Otis , Tortosa Richard 
Published: December 2021

This program shows again the price paid for fragmented health services. The provision of screening teams outside of normal channels of health care resulted in the discovery of many health defects, but in the treatment of less than half of them. Several ways might be found to improve the program.
At the present time we believe that an effective school health assessment can be made without physical examinations. Instead, if it is felt that heart disease should be detected in school, heart-sound screening could be added to the test battery. Teacher observation should be utilized by emphasizing the teacher-nurse conferences. This would result in referral not only of physical abnormalities, but of children with behavioral symptoms, and children with such conditions as hyperactivity and dyslexia. Such a procedure has been advocated for nearly 30 years. It would leave unsuspected hernias, which are rare, and inapparent otitis without pain, fever, or hearing loss which is probably of little significance, as the major abnormalities liable to be overlooked in health assessment. The program described here would have been far more effective had nursing time been used in the follow-up of health defects rather than in physical examinations. For instance, two of the four nurses on the screening teams might have worked with community nurses and school personnel to reach the parents.
In our opinion, abandoning physical examinations and redirecting nursing time into coordination and follow-up would result in better health care for the children in the program.
Fetal Effects of Lead Exposure
Authors: Scanlon John 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Chisolm's commentary on increased lead absorption in September's Pediatrics was thoughtful and timely. One part of the lead picture which needs a great deal of further study is the fetal effects of exposure to increasing amounts of lead from the environment.
It has been demonstrated recently that concentrations of lead found in the "average" child (20 to 40 µg/100 gm whole blood) can inhibit Δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) dehydratase activity. This same article points out that in suckling rats these "usual" lead levels inhibit ALA dehydratase activity in both blood and brain.
Measles, Morbilli, Rubeola, Rubella
Authors: O'Connor James A. 
Published: December 2021

After reading the letters of Dr. Lewak and Dr. Ebbin one must conclude that there is something seriously wrong with a so-called scientific nomenclature that can confuse even the elite for whose sole benefit it was in the first place devised. What sort of scientific terminology is this that obviously confounds rather than clarifies?
May I suggest that we already have to hand a system of nomenclature that will keep these two distinct diseases very certainly apart?
Elements of Pediatric Anesthesia, ed. 2, by C. R. Stephen, B.Sc., M.D.C.M., F.F.A.R.C.S., E. Warner Ahlgren, M.D., Edward J. Bennett, M.B., B.S., F.F.A.R.C.S. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas 1970, 202 pp., $8.00
Authors: Smith Robert M. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Stephen, now assisted by two colleagues, Drs. Ahlgren and Bennett, has again presented us with a concise and practical outline of pediatric anesthesia in its most recent phase. Stephen has always stressed safety and simplicity, and in the current craze for complexity and confusion his return to basic fundamentals is most welcome.
The presentation is straightforward and easy to read; the book's format, in keeping with the text, is well organized and edited. Although the authors naturally prefer their own methods, other approaches are described.
LONG-TERM SEQUELAE OF HEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE MENINGITIS
Authors: Sell Sarah H. W. , Merrill Robert E. , Doyne Emanuel O. , Zimsky Edmond P. 
Published: December 2021

The long-term effects of H. influenzae meningitis were studied in 86 patients who were treated with acceptable antibiotic therapy during acute episode in 1950 to 1964 in Nashville, Tennessee. Follow-up revealed that 11 were dead (eight died within first 24 hours of hospitalization).
Fifty-six of them returned to Vanderbilt Medical Center for the following appraisals: history, general physical and neurological examinations; pure tone audiometry evaluation; and psychological testing by Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Nineteen others sent information by questionnaire.
Results indicated that 26 (29%) survivors had severe or significant handicaps; 12 (14%) had possible residuals; and 37 (43%) were free of detectable deficits.
It was concluded that prevention of this disease should now be a prime goal.
Follow-Up of Low Birth Weight Infants—The Predictive Value of Maternal Visiting Patterns
Authors: Fanaroff Avroy A. , Kennell John H. , Klaus Marshall H. 
Published: December 2021

Present hospital regulations and the facilities for the care of high-risk infants often result in prolonged mother-infant separation, with restricted visiting and minimal physical contact. Reports of cases of child abuse and of infants who fail to thrive in the absence of organic disease reveal a disproportionately high incidence of prematurity. In the failure-to-thrive syndrome, 25 to 41% of the reported infants have been premature. Prematurity or serious illness in the newborn period resulting in maternal-infant separation was a feature in 23 to 31% of the battered infants. With such a high incidence of "mothering disorders" it is important to evaluate the mothers of high-risk infants carefully before discharge.
See table in the PDF file