bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chlorination Enabling a Low‐Cost Benzodithiophene‐Based Wide‐Bandgap Donor Polymer with an Efficiency of over 17%
Authors: Wang Hang , Lu Hao , Chen Ya‐Nan , Ran Guangliu , Zhang Andong , Li Dawei , Yu Na , Zhang Zhe , Liu Yahui , Xu Xinjun , Zhang Wenkai , Bao Qinye , Tang Zheng , Bo Zhishan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThree regioregular benzodithiophene‐based donor–donor (D–D)‐type polymers (PBDTT, PBDTT1Cl, and PBDTT2Cl) are designed, synthesized, and used as donor materials in organic solar cells (OSCs). Because of the weak intramolecular charge‐transfer effect, these polymers exhibit large optical bandgaps (>2.0 eV). Among these three polymers, PBDTT1Cl exhibits more ordered and closer molecular stacking, and its devices demonstrate higher and more balanced charge mobilities and a longer charge‐separated state lifetime. As a result of these comprehensive benefits, PBDTT1Cl‐based OSCs give a very impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.10% with a low nonradiative energy loss (0.19 eV). Moreover, PBDTT1Cl also possesses a low figure‐of‐merit value and good universality to match with different acceptors. This work provides a simply and efficient strategy to design low‐cost high‐performance polymer donor materials.
Cell Sheet‐Like Soft Nanoreactor Arrays
Authors: Shi Qianqian , Yong Zijun , Uddin Md Hemayet , Fu Runfang , Sikdar Debabrata , Yap Lim Wei , Fan Bo , Liu Yiyi , Dong Dashen , Cheng Wenlong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTissues, which consist of groups of closely packed cell arrays, are essentially sheet‐like biosynthesis plants. In tissues, individual cells are discrete microreactors working under highly viscous and confined environments. Herein, soft polystyrene‐encased nanoframe (PEN) reactor arrays, as analogous nanoscale “sheet‐like chemosynthesis plants”, for the controlled synthesis of novel nanocrystals, are reported. Although the soft polystyrene (PS) is only 3 nm thick, it is elastic, robust, and permeable to aqueous solutes, while significantly slowing down their diffusion. PEN‐associated palladium (Pd) crystallization follows a diffusion‐controlled zero‐order kinetics rather than a reaction‐controlled first‐order kinetics in bulk solution. Each individual PEN reactor has a volume in the zeptoliter range, which offers a unique confined environment, enabling a directional inward crystallization, in contrast to the conventional outward nucleation/growth that occurs in an unconfined bulk solution. This strategy makes it possible to generate a set of mono‐, bi‐, and trimetallic, and even semiconductor nanocrystals with tunable interior structures, which are difficult to achieve with normal systems based on bulk solutions.
Bioinks and Bioprinting Strategies for Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering
Authors: Samandari Mohamadmahdi , Quint Jacob , Rodríguez‐delaRosa Alejandra , Sinha Indranil , Pourquié Olivier , Tamayol Ali 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSkeletal muscles play important roles in critical body functions and their injury or disease can lead to limitation of mobility and loss of independence. Current treatments result in variable functional recovery, while reconstructive surgery, as the gold‐standard approach, is limited due to donor shortage, donor‐site morbidity, and limited functional recovery. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) has generated enthusiasm as an alternative solution for treatment of injured tissue and serves as a functional disease model. Recently, bioprinting has emerged as a promising tool for recapitulating the complex and highly organized architecture of skeletal muscles at clinically relevant sizes. Here, skeletal muscle physiology, muscle regeneration following injury, and current treatments following muscle loss are discussed, and then bioprinting strategies implemented for SMTE are critically reviewed. Subsequently, recent advancements that have led to improvement of bioprinting strategies to construct large muscle structures, boost myogenesis in vitro and in vivo, and enhance tissue integration are discussed. Bioinks for muscle bioprinting, as an essential part of any bioprinting strategy, are discussed, and their benefits, limitations, and areas to be improved are highlighted. Finally, the directions the field should expand to make bioprinting strategies more translational and overcome the clinical unmet needs are discussed.
High Miscibility Compatible with Ordered Molecular Packing Enables an Excellent Efficiency of 16.2% in All‐Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Lili , Zhu Xiangwei , Deng Dan , Wang Zhen , Zhang Ziqi , Li Yi , Zhang Jianqi , Lv Kun , Liu Lixuan , Zhang Xuning , Zhou Huiqiong , Ade Harald , Wei Zhixiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn all‐small‐molecule organic solar cells (ASM‐OSCs), a high short‐circuit current (Jsc) usually needs a small phase separation, while a high fill factor (FF) is generally realized in a highly ordered packing system. However, small domain and ordered packing always conflicted each other in ASM‐OSCs, leading to a mutually restricted Jsc and FF. In this study, alleviation of the previous dilemma by the strategy of obtaining simultaneous good miscibility and ordered packing through modulating homo‐ and heteromolecular interactions is proposed. By moving the alkyl‐thiolation side chains from the para‐ to the meta‐position in the small‐molecule donor, the surface tension and molecular planarity are synchronously enhanced, resulting in compatible properties of good miscibility with acceptor BTP‐eC9 and strong self‐assembly ability. As a result, an optimized morphology with multi‐length‐scale domains and highly ordered packing is realized. The device exhibits a long carrier lifetime (39.8 μs) and fast charge collection (15.5 ns). A record efficiency of 16.2% with a high FF of 75.6% and a Jsc of 25.4 mA cm−2 in the ASM‐OSCs is obtained. These results demonstrate that the strategy of simultaneously obtaining good miscibility with high crystallinity could be an efficient photovoltaic material design principle for high‐performance ASM‐OSCs.
Coordination Polymer‐Coated CaCO3 Reinforces Radiotherapy by Reprogramming the Immunosuppressive Metabolic Microenvironment
Authors: Wang Chunjie , Dong Ziliang , Hao Yu , Zhu Yujie , Ni Jing , Li Quguang , Liu Bo , Han Yikai , Yang Zhijuan , Wan Jianmei , Yang Kai , Liu Zhuang , Feng Liangzhu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRadiotherapy is widely exploited for the treatment of a large range of cancers in clinic, but its therapeutic effectiveness is seriously crippled by the tumor immunosuppression, mainly driven by the altered metabolism of cancer cells. Here, a pH‐responsive nanomedicine is prepared by coating calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles with 4‐phenylimidazole (4PI), an inhibitor against indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase 1 (IDO‐1), together with zinc ions via the coordination reaction, aiming at reinforcing the treatment outcome of radiotherapy. The obtained pH‐responsive nanomedicine, coined as acidity‐IDO1‐modulation nanoparticles (AIM NPs), is able to instantly neutralize protons, and release 4PI to suppress the IDO1‐mediated production of kynurenine (Kyn) upon tumor accumulation. As a result, treatment with AIM NPs can remarkably enhance the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy against both murine CT26 and 4T1 tumors by eliciting potent antitumor immunity. Furthermore, it is shown that such combination treatment can effectively suppress the growth of untreated distant tumors via the abscopal effect, and result in immune memory responses to reject rechallenged tumors. This work highlights a novel strategy of simultaneous tumor acidity neutralization and IDO1 inhibition to potentiate radiotherapy, with great promises to suppress tumor metastasis and recurrence by eliciting robust antitumor immunity.
Sodium‐Doped Titania Self‐Rectifying Memristors for Crossbar Array Neuromorphic Architectures
Authors: Kim Sung‐Eun , Lee Jin‐Gyu , Ling Leo , Liu Stephanie E. , Lim Hyung‐Kyu , Sangwan Vinod K. , Hersam Mark C. , Lee Hong‐Sub 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMemristors integrated into a crossbar‐array architecture (CAA) are promising candidates for nonvolatile memory elements in artificial neural networks. However, the relatively low reliability of memristors coupled with crosstalk and sneak currents in CAAs have limited the realization of the full potential of this technology. Here, high‐reliability Na‐doped TiO2 memristors grown in situ by atomic layer deposition (ALD) are demonstrated, where reversible Na migration underlies the resistive‐switching mechanism. By employing ALD growth with an aqueous NaOH reactant in deionized water, uniform implantation of Na dopants is achieved in the crystallized TiO2 thin films at 250 °C without post‐annealing. The resulting Na‐doped TiO2 memristors show electroforming‐free and self‐rectifying resistive‐switching behavior, and they are ideally suited for selectorless CAAs. Effective addressing of selectorless nodes is demonstrated via electrical measurement of individual memristors in a 6 × 6 crossbar using a read current of less than 1 µA with negligible sneak current at or below the noise level of ≈100 pA. Finally, the long‐term potentiation and depression synaptic behavior from these Na‐doped TiO2 memristors achieves greater than 99.1% accuracy for image‐recognition tasks using a convolutional neural network based on the selectorless of crossbar arrays.
A Flexible and Wavelength‐Designable Polymer Light‐Emitting Diode Employing Sandwich‐Encapsulation for Wearable Skin Rejuvenation Photomedicine
Authors: Kim Hyuncheol , Choi Hye‐Ryung , Park Yongjin , Jeon Yongmin , Lee Ho Seung , Jeong Eun Gyo , Park Kyoung‐Chan , Choi Kyung Cheol 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) are considered promising devices in that they are not limited to conventional display devices and can provide versatile functions in photomedicine. Many attempts to replace rigid photomedicine devices with wearable light‐emitting devices are in progress, and OLEDs have shown feasibility with respect to device conformality and photo‐medical efficiency. This paper presents a newly designed flexible optoelectronic device utilizing a wavelength‐designable PLED as an option for realizing disposable photomedicine devices. An optical design based on a multilayer electrode and an additional injection unit is proposed; it allows control of the device peak wavelength without any deterioration of charge injection. Furthermore, a sandwich structure utilizing transferable thin‐film encapsulation enables the PLED to achieve mechanical flexibility, low device heat generation, and sufficient operational lifetime (>8 h). When fibroblasts are irradiated by the wavelength‐designable PLED with a 630 nm peak, cell proliferation and production of type‐I procollagen increase by 25% and 36%, respectively. The change of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 is also evaluated, and it is found to decrease by 23%. Based on these results, the wavelength‐designable PLED induces distinct changes of biological factors.
Recent Advances in Bio‐Compatible Oxygen Singlet Generation and Its Tumor Treatment
Authors: Jin Zheng Yang , Fatima Hira , Zhang Yue , Shao Zongping , Chen Xiang Jian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLight‐dependent singlet oxygen (1O2) produced in photodynamic therapy (PDT), is a biologically compatible reactive oxygen species showing the potential to kill tumor cells with fewer side effects on nearby normal healthy cells. The development of a high 1O2 generating photosensitizer is a particularly demanding research areas. Based on Jablonski's diagram, the photophysical factors influencing the generation of 1O2 are intersystem crossing, triplet quantum yield and life, and the singlet‐triplet energy gap. Moreover, nanocarriers are also an emerging research topic with enhanced/localized delivery of photosensitizers to improve the dosage of light and enriched production of 1O2. In this review, the production principle of 1O2 in PDT and its killing mechanism with respect to tumor cells are reviewed. In addition, the progress of PDT has been supplemented in clinical applications in recent years and the emergent preclinical tactics for prospective solutions to these challenges are discussed to improve the effectiveness and usefulness of these procedures. Moreover, the remaining research gaps and future work is outlined. This review is anticipated to heighten the research for developing new strategies for modulating the photophysical properties and improved the delivery of photosensitizers.
Thiolated Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: Mimicking the Workhorses of Our Body
Authors: Hock Nathalie , Racaniello Giuseppe Francesco , Aspinall Sam , Denora Nunzio , Khutoryanskiy Vitaliy V. , Bernkop‐Schnürch Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAdvances in nanotechnology have generated a broad range of nanoparticles (NPs) for numerous biomedical applications. Among the various properties of NPs are functionalities being related to thiol substructures. Numerous biological processes that are mediated by cysteine or cystine subunits of proteins representing the workhorses of the bodies can be transferred to NPs. This review focuses on the interface between thiol chemistry and NPs. Pros and cons of different techniques for thiolation of NPs are discussed. Furthermore, the various functionalities gained by thiolation are highlighted. These include overall bio‐ and mucoadhesive, cellular uptake enhancing, and permeation enhancing properties. Drugs being either covalently attached to thiolated NPs via disulfide bonds or being entrapped in thiolated polymeric NPs that are stabilized via inter‐ and intrachain crosslinking can be released at the diseased tissue or in target cells under reducing conditions. Moreover, drugs, targeting ligands, biological analytes, and enzymes bearing thiol substructures can be immobilized on noble metal NPs and quantum dots for therapeutic, theranostic, diagnostic, biosensing, and analytical reasons. Within this review a concise summary and analysis of the current knowledge, future directions, and potential clinical use of thiolated NPs are provided.
Surface‐Structured Cocatalyst Foils Unraveling a Pathway to High‐Performance Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Butson Joshua D. , Sharma Astha , Chen Hongjun , Wang Yuan , Lee Yonghwan , Varadhan Purushothaman , Tsampas Mihalis N. , Zhao Chuan , Tricoli Antonio , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati , Karuturi Siva 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn ideal catalytic interface for photoelectrodes that enables high efficiency and long‐term stability remains one of the keys to unlocking high‐performance solar water splitting. Here, fully decoupled catalytic interfaces realized using surface‐structured cocatalyst foils are demonstrated, allowing optimized photoabsorbers to be combined with high‐performance earth‐abundant cocatalysts. Since many earth‐abundant cocatalysts are deposited via solution‐based methods, deposition on chemical‐sensitive photoabsorbers is a significant challenge. By synthesizing cocatalyst foils prior to device fabrication, photoabsorbers are completely isolated from corrosive chemical environments and are provided with outstanding protection during operation. Si and GaAs photoelectrodes prepared using Ni‐based cocatalyst foils achieve excellent half‐cell efficiencies and generate stable photocurrents for over 5 days. Furthermore, a GaAs artificial leaf achieves a solar‐to‐hydrogen efficiency of 13.6% and maintains an efficiency of over 10% for longer than nine days, an accomplishment that has not been previously reported for an immersed solar water splitting system. These results, together with theoretical calculations of other photoelectrode systems, demonstrate that cocatalyst foils offer a very attractive method for fabricating high‐performance solar water splitting systems.
Enhanced Stability of Tin Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics Using a Bathocuproine—Copper Top Electrode
Authors: Wijesekara Anjana , Walker Marc , Han Yisong , Walker David , Huband Steven , Hatton Ross A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnencapsulated organo‐tin halide perovskite photovoltaic (PV) devices exhibiting record stability (for organo‐tin perovskite PV devices) when tested under continuous one sun solar illumination in ambient air and under electrical load are reported. This exceptional stability is made possible by the use of a bathocuproine | copper cathode in an inverted device architecture. A series of experiments designed to elucidate the underlying reasons for the high stability show that, compared to conventional silver electrodes, compact copper electrodes are far more resistant to corrosion by I2 gas (evolved when organo‐tin halide decomposes) and toward adverse morphological evolution and ingress of oxygen and water molecules through the top electrode into the device. The findings of these experiments show that copper should be the metal of choice for the reflective cathode in inverted tin perovskite PVs when the material interfacing the metal interacts strongly with it, enabling compact film formation and a stable interface toward copper diffusion into the adjacent charge transport layer.
Blue Energy for Green Hydrogen Fuel: A Self‐Powered Electrochemical Conversion System Driven by Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Feng Yawei , Han Jiajia , Xu Mengjiao , Liang Xi , Jiang Tao , Li Hexing , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUtilizing hydrogen energy produced by water electrolysis is conducive to carbon neutrality from a technological point of view. However, this perspective is restrained by the high electricity cost in commercial development. Powering electrochemical reactions by renewable electricity converted from distributed mechanical energy can lead to commercial electric energy saving and cost reduction. In this work, a self‐powered electrochemical system (SPECS) is proposed for the conversion from blue energy of ocean waves to green energy via hydrogen fuel. This system consists of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) devices and an electrolyzer, where the TENG devices serve as ocean wave energy harvesters for electricity generation, while the seawater‐containing electrolyzer is employed for hydrogen generation. After power management on the output of the TENGs and electrochemical reaction optimization, the system can generate hydrogen at a rate of 814.8 µL m‐2 d‐1 and a Faraday efficiency of 69.1% under ideal operation conditions, demonstrating the practical potential of the constructed system toward carbon neutralization.
Design of the spherical agglomerate size in crystallization by developing a two‐step bridging mechanism and the model
Authors: Yu Changyou , Yao Menghui , Ma Yiming , Liu Yanbo , Guo Shilin , Xu Shijie , Rohani Sohrab , Chen Mingyang , Gong Junbo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSpherical agglomeration technology can produce high‐performance spherical particles in a single crystallization unit, although it is still challenging to control the particle size and shape. To solve this issue, a two‐step bridging (TSB) mechanism containing a preconditioning period, size period, and shape period is proposed. The dynamic balance among the forces of adhesion, dispersion, and capillary action in the multi‐liquid phases plays a key role. This is fully considered to establish the TSB‐based thermodynamic size model and particle design framework by weighting the force action regions in multi‐liquid phases with dynamic composition. The spherical agglomerates of benzoic acid, celecoxib, and salicylic acid with narrow particle size distributions and tunable particle size ranges of 2000–5000, 800–3500, and 1500–4500 μm, respectively, were designed and prepared successfully, showing good correlation with the calculation, which is superior to the reported methods and indicates that the mechanism has certain universality and guiding significance.
Ocular findings in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: A systematic literature review and results of a Dutch multicenter study
Authors: von Scheibler Emma N. M. M. , van der Valk Bouman Emy S. , Nuijts Myrthe A. , Bauer Noël J. C. , Berendschot Tos T. J. M. , Vermeltfoort Pit , Bok Levinus A. , van Eeghen Agnies M. , Houben Michiel L. , van Amelsvoort Thérèse A. M. J. , Boot Erik , van Egmond‐Ebbeling Michelle B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a multisystem disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1:3000 live births. Manifestations show a marked variability in expression and include speech‐ and language delay, intellectual disability, and neuropsychiatric disorders. We aim to provide an overview of ocular findings in 22q11.2DS in order to optimize recommendations for ophthalmic screening. We combined results from a systematic literature review with results from a multicenter cross‐sectional study of patients with 22q11.2DS who were assessed by an ophthalmologist. Our systematic literature search yielded four articles, describing 270 patients. We included 132 patients in our cross‐sectional study (median age 8.9 [range 0–56] years). Most reported ocular findings were retinal vascular tortuosity (32%–78%), posterior embryotoxon (22%–50%), eye lid hooding (20%–67%), strabismus (12%–36%), amblyopia (2%–11%), ptosis (4%–6%), and refractive errors, of which hyperopia (6%–48%) and astigmatism (3%–23%) were most common. Visual acuity was (near) normal in most patients (91%–94%). Refractive errors, strabismus, and amblyopia are treatable conditions that are frequently present in patients with 22q11.2DS and should be corrected at an early stage. Therefore, in 22q11.2DS, we recommend ophthalmic and orthoptic screening at the age of 3 years or at diagnosis, and a low‐threshold referral in adults.
Homozygous microdeletion in the 11p13 region in the patient with isolated form of aniridia: New challenges in the genetic diagnostics of aniridia
Authors: Wawrocka Anna , Walczak‐Sztulpa Joanna , Socha Magdalena , Kuszel Lukasz , Sowinska‐Seidler Anna , Budny Bartlomiej , Bukowska‐Olech Ewelina , Pilas‐Pomykalska Magdalena , Jamsheer Aleksander , Krawczynski Maciej R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAniridia is usually an autosomal dominant, rare disorder characterized by a variable degree of hypoplasia or the absence of iris tissue, with additional ocular abnormalities. Pathogenic variants in the PAX6 gene are associated with aniridia in most patients. However, in up to 30% of individuals, disease results from 11p13 chromosomal rearrangements. Here we present a patient with a clinical diagnosis of partial aniridia born to consanguineous Polish parents. The parents were asymptomatic and ophthalmologically normal. We performed PAX6 sequencing, array comparative genomic hybridization, quantitative real‐time PCR, and whole genome sequencing. aCGH revealed a homozygous deletion of the DCDC1 gene fragment in the patient. The same, but heterozygous deletion, was detected in each of the patient's asymptomatic parents and brother. In the presented family, the signs and symptoms of aniridia are observed only in the homozygous proband. Whole genome sequencing analysis was performed to determine other possible causes of the disease and did not detect any additional or alternative potentially pathogenic variant. We report a novel homozygous deletion located in the 11p13 region, which does not include the PAX6 gene or any known PAX6 enhancers. To our best knowledge, this is the first reported case of a patient presented with isolated aniridia carrying a homozygous microdeletion downstream of the PAX6 gene.