bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inferring recent evolutionary changes in speech sounds
Authors: Moran Steven , Lester Nicholas A. , Grossman Eitan 
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we investigate evolutionarily recent changes in the distributions of speech sounds in the world's languages. In particular, we explore the impact of language contact in the past two millennia on today's distributions. Based on three extensive databases of phonological inventories, we analyse the discrepancies between the distribution of speech sounds of ancient and reconstructed languages, on the one hand, and those in present-day languages, on the other. Furthermore, we analyse the degree to which the diffusion of speech sounds via language contact played a role in these discrepancies. We find evidence for substantive differences between ancient and present-day distributions, as well as for the important role of language contact in shaping these distributions over time. Moreover, our findings suggest that the distributions of speech sounds across geographic macro-areas were homogenized to an observable extent in recent millennia. Our findings suggest that what we call the Implicit Uniformitarian Hypothesis, at least with respect to the composition of phonological inventories, cannot be held uncritically. Linguists who would like to draw inferences about human language based on present-day cross-linguistic distributions must consider their theories in light of even short-term language evolution.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Reconstructing prehistoric languages’.
Reduced BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine response in SARS-CoV-2-naive nursing home residents
Authors: Canaday David H. , Carias Lenore , Oyebanji Oladayo A. , Keresztesy Debbie , Wilk Dennis , Payne Michael , Aung Htin , Denis Kerri St. , Lam Evan C. , Wilson Brigid , Rowley Christopher F. , Berry Sarah D. , Cameron Cheryl M. , Cameron Mark J. , Balazs Alejandro B. , Gravenstein Stefan , King Christopher L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic impact on nursing home (NH) residents prompted their prioritization for early vaccination. To fill the data gap for vaccine immunogenicity in NH residents, we examined antibody levels after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine to spike, receptor binding domain (RBD) and for virus neutralization in 149 NH residents and 111 health care worker controls. SARS-CoV-2-naive NH residents mount antibody responses with nearly 4-fold lower median neutralization titers and half the anti-spike level compared to SARS-CoV-2-naive healthcare workers. By contrast, SARS-CoV-2-recovered vaccinated NH residents had neutralization, anti-spike and anti-RBD titers similar to SARS-CoV-2-recovered vaccinated healthcare workers. NH residents’ blunted antibody responses have important implications regarding the quality and durability of protection afforded by neoantigen vaccines. We urgently need better longitudinal evidence on vaccine effectiveness specific to NH resident populations to inform best practices for NH infection control measures, outbreak prevention and potential indication for a vaccine boost.
Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain predicts cognitive progression in prodromal and clinical dementia with Lewy Bodies
Authors: Pilotto Andrea , Imarisio Alberto , Carrarini Claudia , Russo Mirella , Masciocchi Stefano , Gipponi Stefano , Cottini Elisabetta , Aarsland Dag , Zetterberg Henrik , Ashton Nicholas J. , Hye Abdul , Bonanni Laura , Padovani Alessandro 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTPlasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a marker of neuronal damage in different neurological disorders and might predict disease progression in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). The study enrolled 45 controls and 44 DLB patients (including 17 prodromal cases) who underwent an extensive assessment at baseline and at 2 years follow-up. At baseline, plasma NfL levels were higher in both probable DLB and prodromal cases compared to controls. Plasma NfL emerged as the best predictor of cognitive decline compared to age, sex and baseline severity variables. The study supports the role of plasma NfL as a useful prognostic biomarker from the early stages of DLB.
Emotional responses toward COVID-19: A longitudinal assessment of age differences
Authors: Malesza Marta 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe current study investigates the relation between age and emotional responses and coping strategies at two moments during the spread of COVID-19 in Poland, namely the first peak (March-May 2020) and the second pick (October-December 2020). A sample of 414 individuals between the ages of 18 and 81 were asked to rate the intensity of the ‘shock’, ‘sadness’, ‘anger’, and ‘fear’ they experienced due to COVID-19 and respond to items from the Brief Cope questionnaire. The present findings demonstrate that anger was consistently less intense among older adults than younger ones. Emotion-focused coping strategies were more commonly used by younger adults than middle-aged or older ones at the first peak of the outbreak; however, this trend had reversed during the second peak of the pandemic, as the older age groups demonstrated a far greater increase in the use of this form of coping. Results indicate a greater ability to use emotional regulation among older adults than younger ones, as the former are less likely to react to a crisis through anger and more able to adapt coping mechanisms to a dynamic environment.
Meta-learning local synaptic plasticity for continual familiarity detection
Authors: Tyulmankov Danil , Yang Guangyu Robert , Abbott LF 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOver the course of a lifetime, a continual stream of information is encoded and retrieved from memory. To explore the synaptic mechanisms that enable this ongoing process, we consider a continual familiarity detection task in which a subject must report whether an image has been previously encountered. We design a class of feedforward neural network models endowed with biologically plausible synaptic plasticity dynamics, the parameters of which are meta-learned to optimize familiarity detection over long delay intervals. After training, we find that anti-Hebbian plasticity leads to better performance than Hebbian and replicates experimental results from the inferotemporal cortex, including repetition suppression. Unlike previous models, this network both operates continuously without requiring any synaptic resets and generalizes to intervals it has not been trained on. We demonstrate this not only for uncorrelated random stimuli but also for images of real-world objects. Our work suggests a biologically plausible mechanism for continual learning, and demonstrates an effective application of machine learning for neuroscience discovery.
Dihydropyrimidinase-like 2 (DPYSL2) regulates breast cancer migration via a JAK/STAT3/vimentin axis
Authors: Rmaileh Areej Abu , Solaimuthu Balakrishnan , Yosef Michal Ben , Khatib Anees , Lichtenstein Michal , Tanna Mayur , Hayashi Arata , Pillar Nir , Shaul Yoav D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe intricate neuronal wiring during development requires cytoskeletal reorganization orchestrated by signaling cues. Considering that cytoskeletal remodeling is a hallmark of cell migration, we inquired whether metastatic cancer cells exploit the axon guidance proteins to migrate. Indeed, in breast cancer patients, we found a significant correlation between the mesenchymal markers and the expression of dihydropyrimidinase-like 2 (DPYSL2), a regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics in growing axons. Strikingly, DPYSL2 knockout in mesenchymal-like cells profoundly inhibited cell migration, invasion, stemness features, tumor growth rate, and metastasis. Next, we aimed to decode the molecular mechanism underlying this phenomenon and revealed an interaction between DPYSL2 and Janus kinase 1 (JAK1). This binding is crucial for triggering signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and subsequently expressing vimentin, the pro-migratory intermediate filament. Collectively, we identified DPYSL2 as a molecular link between oncogenic signaling pathways and cytoskeletal reorganization in migrating breast cancer cells.Statement of significanceThis study shows that the axon guidance adaptor protein DPYSL2 is essential for promoting breast cancer migration. Specifically, this protein interacts with JAK1 to govern STAT3 signaling and subsequently vimentin expression.
SMARCA4 regulates spatially restricted metabolic plasticity in 3D multicellular tissue
Authors: Cermakova Katerina , Smith Eric A. , Chan Yuen San , Cabrera Mario Loeza , Chambers Courtney , Jarvis Maria I. , Simon Lukas M. , Xu Yuan , Jain Abhinav , Putluri Nagireddy , Chen Rui , Ripley R. Taylor , Veiseh Omid , Hodges H. Courtney 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSWI/SNF and related chromatin remodeling complexes act as tissue-specific tumor suppressors and are frequently inactivated in different cancers. Although many regulatory activities of SWI/SNF have been identified using 2D cell culture, the effects of SWI/SNF alterations in more complex 3D tissues have remained poorly understood. Here we employed 3D cell culture conditions that yield transcriptomic states mirroring primary lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) specimens better than 2D culture. By analyzing spatial patterns of gene expression and DNA accessibility in 3D spheroids using single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq, we find that the SWI/SNF ATPase SMARCA4 (BRG1) induces state-specific changes to DNA accessibility that influence spatially heterogeneous expression patterns and metabolism. In 3D conditions, SMARCA4 promotes accessibility for AP-1 transcription factors, including ATF3, a regulator of metabolism and repressor of NRF2 antioxidant signaling. These changes reduce expression of SLC7A11 in a distinct portion of cells, which sensitizes A549 spheroids to cell death via ferroptosis under oxidizing conditions. Consistent with these results, we find that SMARCA4 alterations are associated with derepression of NRF2 targets in human tumors independently of NRF2/KEAP1 status. Our work reveals new 3D-specific features and unanticipated spatial complexity associated with chromatin remodeling in multicellular tissues.
New Records of California Serogroup Virus inAedesMosquitoes and First Detection in Simulioidae Flies from Northern Canada and Alaska
Authors: Villeneuve Carol-Anne , Buhler Kayla J. , Iranpour Mahmood , Avard Ellen , Dibernardo Antonia , Fenton Heather , Hansen Cristina M. , Gouin Géraldine-G. , Loseto Lisa L. , Jenkins Emily , Lindsay Robbin L. , Dusfour Isabelle , Lecomte Nicolas , Leighton Patrick A. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn expected consequence of climate warming is an expansion of the geographic distribution of biting insects and associated arthropod-borne diseases (arboviruses). Emerging and reemerging arboviruses that can affect human health are likely to pose significant consequences for Northern communities where access to health resources is limited. In the North American Arctic, little is known about arboviruses. Thus, in 2019, we sampled biting insects in Nunavik (Kuujjuaq), Nunavut (Igloolik, Karrak Lake and Cambridge Bay), Northwest Territories (Igloolik and Yellowknife) and Alaska (Fairbanks). The main objective was to detect the presence of California serogroup viruses (CSGv) – a widespread group of arboviruses across North America and that is known to cause a wide range of symptoms, ranging from mild febrile illness to fatal encephalitis. Biting insects were captured twice daily for a 7-day period in mid-summer, using a standardized protocol consisting of 100 figure-eight movements of a sweep net. Captured specimens were separated by genus (mosquitoes) or by superfamily (other insects), and then grouped into pools of 75 by geographical locations. In total, 5079Aedesmosquitoes and 1014 Simulioidae flies were caught. We report the detection of CSGv RNA in mosquitoes captured in Nunavut (Karrak Lake) and Nunavik (Kuujjuaq). We also report, for the first time in North America, the presence of CSGv RNA in Simulioidae flies. These results highlight the potential of biting insects for tracking any future emergence of arboviruses in the North, thereby providing key information for public health in Northern communities.
A method for intuitively extracting macromolecular dynamics from structural disorder
Authors: Pearce Nicholas M. , Gros Piet 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTMacromolecular dynamics manifest as disorder in structure determination, which is subsequently accounted for by displacement parameters (also called temperature factors, or B-factors) or alternate conformations. Though B-factors contain detailed information about structural dynamics, they are the total of multiple sources of disorder, making them difficult to interpret and thus little-used in structural analysis. We report here an approach for decomposing molecular disorder into a parsimonious hierarchical series of contributions, providing an intuitive basis for quantitative structural-dynamics analysis. We demonstrate the decomposition of disorder on example SARS-CoV-2 and STEAP4 structures, from both crystallographic and cryo-electron microscopy data, and reveal how understanding of the macromolecular disorder leads to deeper understanding of molecular motions and flexibility, and suggests hypotheses for molecular mechanisms.
Comparative performance analysis of mulberry silkworm (Bombyx moriL.) races for integration of superior yield and maximize profit in West Bengal
Authors: Kaviraj Megha , Kumar Upendra , Chatterjee SN , Swain SL , Singh M , Nandi Kasinath 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIndia has a prosperous and glorious history in silk production and its silk trade dates back to 15thcentury. Sericulture is practiced in many regions of India, where West Bengal ranks third in mulberry silk production. About 2000 villages are engaged in mulberry cultivation with plantation area of 37,883 acres. But nowadays, farmers have lack their interest in this sector due to low cost benefit ratio, high investment cost in terms of silk worm rearing, land uses and lack of proper knowledge on different races ofBombyx mori. Therefore, the present study has been aiming to find out the comparative performance of bivoltine, multivoltine, and F1 variety ofB. moriby analysed the cocoon, post-cocoon characters, and silk related traits for identifying the best superior races ofB. mori. The results showed that feeding habits of silkworm larvae of three races had significant effect on cocoon parameters. The average weight of ten 5th instar larvae of bivoltine was higher in comparison with multivoltine and F1 variety. Similar trends were obtained in the average length of silk thread from a single cocoon in bivoltine races, higher by 30% and 77.14% from F1 and multivoltine, respectively (P<0.05). We also inquired about capital investment and profit-making of three varieties. Net profit for bivoltine was significantly increased by 15.65% and 10.21% than multivoltine and F1 varieties, respectively.The heatmap analysis revealed that the bivoltine races ofB. moriwere separately clustered based on the positive correlation of measured variables mostly length of silk thread, renditta, dry cocoon weight, the average weight of larvae, present market price, leaves for rearing, net profit and selling price of cocoon per acre farmland; whereas, the multivoltine and F1 variety clustered in a separate group. From our findings, it is clear that the culture of bivoltine is preferable for the farmers who don’t have enough landed property and also profitable in terms of cocoon, post cocoon and silk traits. Therefore, it is recommended that the farming of bivoltine silkworm is more gainfulcompared to F1 and multivoltine variety, and capable of more income generation than other traditional agricultural crops.Fig.Graphical abstract represents the comparative performance of bivoltine, multivoltine and F1 races ofB. morion the aspect of biological and economic traits in tropical climate condition.
The role of DDK and Treslin-MTBP in coordinating replication licensing and pre-Initiation Complex formation
Authors: Volpi Ilaria , Gillespie Peter J. , Chadha Gaganmeet Singh , Blow J. Julian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTreslin/Ticrr is required for the initiation of DNA replication and binds to MTBP (Mdm2 Binding Protein). Here we show that inXenopusegg extract, MTBP forms an elongated tetramer with Treslin containing two molecules of each protein. Immunodepletion and add-back experiments show that Treslin-MTBP is rate-limiting for replication initiation. It is recruited onto chromatin before S phase starts and recruitment continues during S phase. We show that DDK activity both increases and strengthens the interaction of Treslin-MTBP with licensed chromatin. We also show that DDK activity cooperates with CDK activity to drive the interaction of Treslin-MTBP with TopBP1 which is a regulated crucial step in pre-Initiation Complex formation. These results suggest how DDK works together with CDKs to regulate Treslin-MTBP and plays a crucial in selecting which origins will undergo initiation.
Dice manufacturing company: the acquisition decision
Authors: Bassiouny Aliaa , Toma Enjy , Dawood Farida , Aljammali Haneen , Seif El Nasr Salim , Mohy El Din Youssef 
Published: March 2021

Learning outcomes
The learning outcomes of this paper is as follows: understand the issues that faced private Egyptian textile producers following the January 2011 revolution and how that impacted their business model. Evaluate whether Dice’s inorganic expansion through acquiring Alex Clothing Company is a sound strategic decision given the economic uncertainty in Egypt. Analyze the acquisition decision through projection evaluation techniques, including net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and modified IRR (MIRR), to measure whether the acquisition will add value to Dice. Discuss non-financial issues post-acquisition that are not captured by traditional capital budgeting and project evaluation techniques.

Case overview/synopsis
Dice Manufacturing Company, an established and successful textile manufacturing family business, is facing an important investment decision with regard to inorganic expansion through the acquisition of Alex Clothing Company and its subsidiary United Dyers. The case is intended to be discussed in an undergraduate corporate finance class. The case setting is inside Dice Manufacturing Company, where one of the founders, Nagy Toma and his CFO Victor ElMalek are analyzing the acquisition decision in January 2015. The protagonist is Victor ElMalek, who has to recommend a course of action for the company owners. The case allows students to apply capital budgeting and project valuation methods to make a decision on whether the acquisition brings value to Dice and to analyze issues management can face post-acquisition. The case follows through the history of Dice, presenting its business model and changes that accompanied the 2011 revolution. It then moves on to outline the acquisition opportunity and provides data for students to analyze through traditional project valuation techniques, including NPV, IRR and MIRR.

Complexity academic level
Undergraduate.

Subject code
CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.
How servant leadership triggers innovative work behavior: exploring the sequential mediating role of psychological empowerment and job crafting
Authors: Khan Muhammad Mumtaz , Mubarik Muhammad Shujaat , Islam Tahir , Rehman Asif , Ahmed Syed Saad , Khan Essa , Sohail Farhan 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThe study aims to examine the mediating role of psychological empowerment and job crafting between servant leadership and innovative work behavior.Design/methodology/approachThe data were collected from 689 knowledge workers employed in Pakistan's service industry. The data collection was done through survey design. The data analysis was done through structural equation modeling using PLS-Smart.FindingsServant leadership was found to be related to psychological empowerment, job crafting and innovative work behavior of the employees. Job crafting was found to be mediating between servant leadership and innovative work behavior. Additionally, psychological empowerment and job crafting were found to be sequential mediators between servant leadership and innovative work behavior.Originality/valueThe study delineated the link mechanism between servant leadership and innovative work behavior.
How do network attributes impact information virality in social networks?
Authors: Joseph Nimish , Kar Arpan Kumar , Ilavarasan P. Vigneswara 
Published: March 2021

PurposeSocial media platforms play a key role in information propagation and there is a need to study the same. This study aims to explore the impact of the number of close communities (represented by cliques), the size of these close communities and its impact on information virality.Design/methodology/approachThis study identified 6,786 users from over 11 million tweets for analysis using sentiment mining and network science methods. Inferential analysis has also been established by introducing multiple regression analysis and path analysis.FindingsSentiments of content did not have a significant impact on the information virality. However, there exists a stagewise development relationship between communities of close friends, user reputation and information propagation through virality.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper contributes to the theory by introducing a stagewise progression model for influencers to manage and develop their social networks.Originality/valueThere is a gap in the existing literature on the role of the number and size of cliques on information propagation and virality. This study attempts to address this gap.
Advancing futures thinking in the real estate field
Authors: Toivonen Saija 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the user experiences of the futures wheel method to investigate its suitability to advance futures thinking in the real estate field.

Design/methodology/approach
The user experiences of the futures wheel method are investigated through questionnaire answers of 114 master’s level students and real estate experts taking part in future wheel workshops.

Findings
The futures wheel method could enhance future-oriented thinking and decision-making in the real estate field. The respondents see futures thinking as an important skill and recognize several advantages concerning the method.

Practical implications
The futures wheel method bears great potential to be used in the real estate sector and it could be a fruitful addition to the curriculums at different education levels in real estate studies.

Social implications
Futures thinking is essential when aiming for sustainable decisions in the real estate field which again would benefit the whole surrounding society.

Originality/value
This paper is the first published paper concentrating on the user experiences of the future wheel method in the real estate sector. The benefits and the disadvantages of the method are investigated but also the attitudes indicating the potential of the method to be successfully adopted in the field are analyzed.