bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying Patients With Delirium Based on Unstructured Clinical Notes: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Ge Wendong , Alabsi Haitham , Jain Aayushee , Ye Elissa , Sun Haoqi , Fernandes Marta , Magdamo Colin , Tesh Ryan A , Collens Sarah I , Newhouse Amy , MVR Moura Lidia , Zafar Sahar , Hsu John , Akeju Oluwaseun , Robbins Gregory K , Mukerji Shibani S , Das Sudeshna , Westover M Brandon 
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND

Delirium in hospitalized patients is a syndrome of acute brain dysfunction. Diagnostic (International Classification of Diseases [ICD]) codes are often used in studies using electronic health records (EHRs), but they are inaccurate.

OBJECTIVE

We sought to develop a more accurate method using natural language processing (NLP) to detect delirium episodes on the basis of unstructured clinical notes.

METHODS

We collected 1.5 million notes from &gt;10,000 patients from among 9 hospitals. Seven experts iteratively labeled 200,471 sentences. Using these, we trained three NLP classifiers: Support Vector Machine, Recurrent Neural Networks, and Transformer. Testing was performed using an external data set. We also evaluated associations with delirium billing (ICD) codes, medications, orders for restraints and sitters, direct assessments (Confusion Assessment Method [CAM] scores), and in-hospital mortality. F1 scores, confusion matrices, and areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUCs) were used to compare NLP models. We used the φ coefficient to measure associations with other delirium indicators.

RESULTS

The transformer NLP performed best on the following parameters: micro F1=0.978, macro F1=0.918, positive AUC=0.984, and negative AUC=0.992. NLP detections exhibited higher correlations (φ) than ICD codes with deliriogenic medications (0.194 vs 0.073 for ICD codes), restraints and sitter orders (0.358 vs 0.177), mortality (0.216 vs 0.000), and CAM scores (0.256 vs –0.028).

CONCLUSIONS

Clinical notes are an attractive alternative to ICD codes for EHR delirium studies but require automated methods. Our NLP model detects delirium with high accuracy, similar to manual chart review. Our NLP approach can provide more accurate determination of delirium for large-scale EHR-based studies regarding delirium, quality improvement, and clinical trails.
The Pilot Model for Teaching Written Presentation: Writing of the Imaginary Text as a Sample
Authors: Jaber Baransi Dr. Rima Abu 
Published: September 2021

Arabic is considered one of the most important components that constitute the national, cultural, individual, and collective identity of the Arab pupil. On the one hand, it has a fundamental role in the pupil’s life because through it, he expresses his thoughts, his feelings, and his needs. On the other hand, through it, he acquires and creates knowledge. However, this language is facing a lot of challenges that make the mission of teaching Arabic a complex one due to the phenomenon of diglossia, of colloquial Arabic ('Ammiyya/Darija) and Standard Arabic (Fusha). People throughout the Arab world communicate in their local dialects of colloquial Arabic while standard (fusha) Arabic is used only on formal occasions, in official correspondence, and at governmental offices. The challenges of the era and the development of technology and sciences, and people’s resort to teaching courses of distant learning, especially during the recent period of the Corona pandemic, created a need to develop new teaching methods that help the pupils master all the aspects and the four language skills: reading, listening, speaking and writing. Since writing is the ultimate result that the pupil has to acquire and control perfectly, he also has to acquire a lot of skills and make a lot of follow-up. Due to this new development, I chose to focus in this research on a pilot model in teaching written presentation, which I have developed in response to the new circumstances and the need to provide Arabic teachers with new, systematic, gradual methods of teaching the writing skills that are based on the pupils’ needs, on the one hand, and the needs of the environment and the modern era, on the other. This study is an article in a series of forthcoming articles that will deal with teaching various literary genres through a pilot model of teaching written presentation. I chose to start here with the genre of imaginary fictional writing that is based on the existence of events of fantasy weaving, which cannot take place in reality due to the challenges and aesthetics that exists in this kind of fictional art.
Lecture 4: Aristotle on Rhetorica
Authors: McCarron Gary 
Published: September 2021

After a short biographical summary of Aristotle’s life, this lecture turns to the different ways in which Aristotle and Plato practiced philosophy, identifiable in the different ways they presented their ideas. Through this lecture’s lens we view these philosophers’ texts, Aristotle’s logic, syllogism, Aristotle’s rhetorica, and the distinction he drew between ethos, pathos, and logos, referring to the speaker, the audience, and the discourse.
Suivant un bref sommaire biographique de la vie d’Aristote, ce cours se penche sur les différentes manières dont Aristote et Platon pratiquaient la philosophie, identifiables par les façons divergentes dont ils présentaient leurs idées. Dans ce cours, on passe en revue les textes de ces philosophes, la logique d’Aristote, le syllogisme, la Rhétorique d’Aristote, et la distinction que celui-ci a faite entre ethos, pathos et logos, c’est-à-dire l’orateur, l’auditoire et le discours.
Evaluation of Drug Release from Carboxymethyl Starch-Xanthan Gum-HPMC Matrix
Authors: Verma Amit Kumar , Kumar Arun , Ramasamy Subbiah , Yadav Ajit Kumar , Bijauliya Rohit Kumar 
Published: September 2021

The use of hydrophilic polymers from natural origin. Especially the polysaccharides have been the focus of current research activity in the design of matrix device due to their non toxic, biocompatible, biodegradable nature and broad regulatory acceptance. A large number of polysaccharides such as Carboxymethyl starch, Xanthan gum, Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), Sodium Alginate etc, have been used as hydrophilic matrices to investigate release behavior of drug. In order to enrich the resources, there is a quest for new polysaccharide owing to their diverse chemical composition and functional groups are amenable to chemical modification and thus tailor made polymeric matrices are obtained which which can be used to modulate oral drug release. The objective of the study is to characterize Verapamil hydrochloride loaded matrix dosage form using hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), xanthan gum, corn starch as rate retarding polymer. Dosage forms were prepared using different polymers along with drug Verapamil hydrochloride. Carboxymethylation was performed. Drug release was evaluated in simulated gastric media. Addition of xanthan gum significantly retarded the burse release of drug. The retardation of drug release was found to be dependent upon the concentration. The formulation composed of HPMC K4M and CS (ARI-ARI3) followed super case transport is swelling controlled, purely relaxation controlled drug delivery.
Keywords: Verapamil HCl, Natural gums, xanthan gum, HPMC, sustained release
Experiencial Learning; Learning Abilities That Enhance Problem Solving Ability
Authors: Bwegyeme Jacinta , Munene John C. 
Published: September 2021

Problem solving is one of the most critical aspects of an organization and a well thought out approach to problem solving has a direct correlation to an organization performance. The study sought to establish the effect of the four Kolb learning abilities (Concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation) on problem solving ability of the administrators in a university setting in the academic registrar’s department. A cross sectional survey design was employed. The population consisted of all administrators in the Academic Registrar’s department registrar’s department in four Universities in Uganda. Using Kreicjie and Morgan Sample size determination table, out of the population of 191 administrators, a sample of 123 was drawn and 103 responded. Simple random sampling was employed to give equal chance to every administrator in the department .The findings indicate a significant association between all the Kolb learning abilities and problem solving while abstract conceptualization and active experimentation are predictors of problem solving. It is recommended that administrators in universities and similar organisations should be trained in abstract conceptualization and active conceptualization skills to enhance their problem solving ability. It is also recommended that further research be conducted in a larger sample of administrators.
ICT-Based Learning Media in the Form of Powerpoint for Grade IV Elementary School Students
Authors: Marfiana Reza , Ramadan Zaka Hadikusuma 
Published: September 2021

The learning process was still not carried out effectively due to the lack of learning facilities. In addition, teachers only use lecture methods in providing materials. This causes students to get tired of learning. This research aimed to develop ICT-based learning media for grade IV elementary school students. This type of research was research development using ADDIE procedure. Product trial subjects numbered six experts. The methods used in collecting data were interviews, documentation and questionnaires. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The data analysis techniques in this study were qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative descriptive analysis methods. The results of the study, namely learning media 3 in validation phase 1, obtained an average score of 83% and in the validation of stage 2 obtained results of 89%. This can be said in the learning media for learning three increased by 6%. Furthermore, in learning media 3 for the validation phase, 1 obtained an average score of 84% and in validation stage 2 got 92%. This can be said in the learning media for learning 4 increased by 8%. Then, for learning media 5 in validation phase 1, an average score of 83% and in the validation phase 2 obtained 92%. This can be said that the learning media for learning 5 had also increased by 9%. This shows ICT-based learning media in the form of powerpoints worthy of being applied to the learning process. This research implied that teachers could use the media developed by PowerPoint to help students with learning difficulties.
How to Create Islamic Branding on La Tansa Gontor Department Store
Authors: Anggara Fajar Surya Ari , Ulumuddin Achmad Ihya 
Published: September 2021

The brand's Islamic values can be determined in a variety of ways, including: based on factors of compliance, based on its origin, and based on the customer. Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor's La Tansa Gontor Department Store is one of the commercial units operated by Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor, an Islamic boarding school that places a strong emphasis on Islamic values. The goal of this study is to determine how LaTansa Gontor Department Store may adopt Islamic brand points while also identifying a good approach. This study employed a qualitative approach based on grounded theory. The information was gathered through observation, interviews, and documentation. Purposive sampling was utilized to determine the sample used by the researcher, and Miles and Hubberman's data analysis method use. According to the findings of this study, LaTansa Gontor Department Store has succeeded in instilling its brand image in customer perception.
Keywords: Islamic Brand, Strategy, Department Store
Abstrak
Nilai-nilai Islam merek dapat ditentukan dalam berbagai cara, termasuk: berdasarkan faktor kepatuhan, berdasarkan asal-usulnya, dan berdasarkan pelanggan. La Tansa Gontor Department Store milik Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor merupakan salah satu unit komersial yang dioperasikan oleh Pondok Modern Darussalam Gontor, sebuah pesantren yang menempatkan penekanan kuat pada nilai-nilai Islam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan bagaimana LaTansa Gontor Department Store dapat mengadopsi poin merek Islam sambil juga mengidentifikasi pendekatan yang baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berdasarkan teori grounded. Informasi tersebut dihimpun melalui pengamatan, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Pengambilan sampel purposive digunakan untuk menentukan sampel yang digunakan oleh peneliti, dan penggunaan metode analisis data Miles dan Hubberman. Menurut temuan penelitian ini, LaTansa Gontor Department Store telah berhasil menanamkan citra mereknya dalam persepsi pelanggan.
Kata kunci: Merk Islami, Strategi, Toko Serba Ada
Factors affecting boxwood blight spread under landscape conditions
Authors: LaMondia J. A. , Allan-Perkins E. , Kodati S. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We investigated the spread of boxwood blight in a simulated landscape under conducive natural conditions from 2017 to 2019. We used strict sanitation to greatly reduce or eliminate spread by contact. Movement of the pathogen from an infected source plant was limited to one plant, likely spread by means of water splash. Plants were mulched with composted hardwood chips and mulching likely was primarily responsible for limiting spread to only the adjacent plant. Boxwood (Buxus spp.) cultivar susceptibility and fungicide spray programs influenced the incidence of spread and severity of disease; in 2018 and 2019 the more susceptible cultivar had higher disease incidence and severity, respectively, than less susceptible cultivars. Fungicide application only caused a small reduction in disease incidence in 2018. We also demonstrated that spores in clumps could survive extended dry conditions, indicating the importance of sanitation procedures on reducing spread. This experiment demonstrates that boxwood blight can be controlled in a landscape by following best management practices including cultural, sanitation, host susceptibility and fungicide application tactics.
Index words: epidemiology, fungicide management, Buxus, chemical disease management, mulch, resistance.
Chemicals used in this study: chlorothalonil (Daconil WeatherStik 54.0% F), fludioxonil plus cyprodinil (Palladium 25% and 37.5% WDG), mancozeb (Manzate 80% WP), metconazole (Tourney 50% WDG), propiconazole (ProCon-Z 14.3 L), pyraclostrobin (Insignia 20 WG), pyraclostrobin plus fluxapyroxad (Orkestra Intrinsic 21.26 SC), tebuconazole (Torque 38.7 SC), thiophanate-methyl (Spectro90 50% WP).
Species used in this study: boxwood (Buxus L.), boxwood blight (Calonectria pseudonaviculata (Crous, J.Z. Groenew. & C.F. Hill) L. Lombard, M. J. Wingf. & Crous.
Use of Routine Leaching Fraction Testing to Guide Irrigation at a Container Nursery
Authors: Million Jeff B. , Yeager Thomas H. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Efficient irrigation during container plant production is difficult to achieve as irrigation is scheduled daily or multiple times per day to maintain an adequate supply of water in the limited substrate volume. Leaching fraction (container drainage/water applied) testing is one strategy to monitor and adjust irrigation to limit excessive container drainage. We compared an automated irrigation schedule based on routine leaching fraction testing and weather (LFI) with a nursery's traditional irrigation practice (TIP). Compared to TIP, LFI reduced water applied in four of five sprinkler-irrigated trials without a notable growth affect; LFI increased water applied in a fifth trial but plant growth was also increased. Compared to TIP, LFI reduced water applied in all three micro-irrigated trials but also reduced growth in one of the trials. LFI reduced water applied by an average of 21% [57.8 vs. 73.1 kL·ha−1· d−1 (15,300 gal/acre/day) or $3,000 ha−1yr−1 ($1,200/acre/year) at a pumping cost of $0.53/kL ($0.20/1000 gal). We concluded that the greater economic benefit of water savings was to provide increased capacity for additional production under consumptive water use limitations rather than to reduce the unit cost of production.
Index words: automation, evapotranspiration, sprinkler, micro-irrigation, weather.
Species used in this study: Leyland cypress, Cupressus × leylandii A.B. Jacks. and Dallim., Parson juniper, Juniperus squamata Gordon ‘Expansa Parsonii', crape myrtle, Lagerstroemia indica L. × fauriei Koehne ‘Natchez', Indian hawthorn, Raphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl., sweet viburnum, Viburnum odoratissimum Ker Gawl.
Indications for percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion in hospitalized patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Vrana Eleni , Kartas Anastasios , Samaras Athanasios , Vasdeki Dimitra , Forozidou Evropi , Liampas Evangelos , Karvounis Haralambos , Giannakoulas George , Tzikas Apostolos 
Published: September 2021

Aims
Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) is an alternative nonpharmacological therapeutic option for stroke prevention in patients with NVAF. However, no data exist on potential LAAO candidates’ prevalence among ‘real-world’ NVAF patients. This study aimed to investigate the indications for LAAO in hospitalized patients with comorbid nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).

Methods
This is a post-hoc analysis of the MISOAC-AF (Motivational Interviewing to Support OAC-AF, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02941978), randomized controlled trial, which enrolled NVAF patients hospitalized for any reason in a tertiary cardiology department. In this analysis, patients with a history of major bleeding or stroke under OAC therapy were considered to have a strong indication for LAAO.

Results
A total of 980 patients with NVAF were studied (mean age 73.9 ± 10.9 years, 54.7% men). Prior major bleeding occurred in 134 (13.7%) patients (intracranial bleeding in 1%, upper and lower gastrointestinal bleeding in 6.4 and 8.9%, respectively). A total of 58 (5.9%) patients experienced an embolic stroke while being treated using OAC. Overall, either of these events was prevalent in 173 (17.7%) patients, denoting a strong indication for LAAO.

Conclusion
Almost one out of six patients hospitalized with comorbid NVAF may be considered eligible for percutaneous LAAO for stroke prevention.
Trial Identification: NCT02941978, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02941978.
Value-at-Risk Estimation of Equity Market Risk in India
Authors: Jitender  
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The value-at-risk (Va) method in market risk management is becoming a benchmark for measuring “market risk” for any financial instrument. The present study aims at examining which VaR model best describes the risk arising out of the Indian equity market (Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) Sensex). Using data from 2006 to 2015, the VaR figures associated with parametric (variance–covariance, Exponentially Weighted Moving Average, Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity) and non-parametric (historical simulation and Monte Carlo simulation) methods have been calculated. The study concludes that VaR models based on the assumption of normality underestimate the risk when returns are non-normally distributed. Models that capture fat-tailed behaviour of financial returns (historical simulation) are better able to capture the risk arising out of the financial instrument.
The Asymmetric Impact of Oil Price and Electricity Consumption on Economic Growth: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Longe Adedayo Emmanuel , Adekoya Taiwo Matthew , Soyemi Caleb Olugbenga , Agbanuji David Adeiza , Adekomi Idowu Jacob 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The study examines the asymmetric impact of oil price and electricity consumption on economic growth in Nigeria between 1981 and 2018 using the Non-Linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model. Results reveal that falling and increasing oil prices as well as gross capital formation affect economic growth in Nigeria negatively and significantly in the short-run, while electricity consumption affects economic growth positively and significantly in the short-run. In the long-run, the impact on economic growth of negative changes in oil price is negative and insignificant, while positive changes in oil price have a positive but insignificant impact on economic growth. The impact on the economic growth of electricity consumption remains positive but insignificant while that of gross capital formation is positive and significant. The results suggest that both in the short and the long run positive changes in oil price have greater impact on the economic growth than negative oil price changes. Capital formation is a significant determinant of Nigerian economic growth both in the short and the long run.
Does Stock Market Respond to Disease Pandemic? A Case of COVID-19 in Nigeria
Authors: Kumeka Terver Theophilus , Falayi Olabusuyi Rufus , Adedokun Adeniyi Jimmy 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper investigates whether stock markets respond to disease pandemic referencing the case of COVID-19 in Nigeria. The paper employs three cointegrating regression models: Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares, Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares, and Canonical Cointegrating Regression to analyse the effect of growth in total COVID-19 confirmed cases and related deaths in Nigeria and across the globe from 27 February 2020 to 4 September 2020 on the stock market performance. Key findings support the presence of long-run association between stock market returns and COVID-19 in Nigeria. The stock market is found to respond negatively to both domestic and global growths in total confirmed cases and deaths of COVID-19. Consequently, affected businesses in Nigeria should be assisted and bailed out by the government through practices such as tax filing, subsidies, targeted spending, and credit.
Environmental Responsiveness and Firm Value: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Soyemi Kenny Adedapo , Okewale Joel Adeniyi , Olaniyan Joshua Damilare 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the effects of environmental responsiveness on firm value in Nigeria and provides an insight into the feasibility of corporate entities engaging with the United Nations’ sustainable development agenda, without compromising their wealth creation agenda. Secondary data were gathered from annual reports and audited accounts of 83 quoted non-financial firms for three years covering the period of 2016–2018. Thereafter, a regression analysis using the Ohlson value relevant model for price valuation was done. Results of the empirical analysis confirm the positive influence of value relevance of book values, earnings per share, alongside environmental responsiveness and firm size on the firm value of Nigerian firms, while leverage is inversely related. Remarkably too, firms with higher values tend towards being environmentally responsive. Impliedly, there is an empirical evidence of reverse causality between firm value and environmental responsiveness.
Upward Transition of Indian Entrepreneurs: from Simple Working to Ethnic Entrepreneurship. A Case Study in an Italian Region
Authors: Mohammed Rahmat Alì , De Rosa Marcello , Perito Maria Angela 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the role of entrepreneurial orientation in addressing upward mechanisms of Indian immigrant workers in rural areas. To achieve this purpose, an empirical analysis was carried out to investigate how entrepreneurial orientation may affect mechanisms of professional transition. Precisely, we managed direct interviews among Indian workers (through the support of cultural mediators), local actors (like public and private advisors) and Italian entrepreneurs. Our funding suggests the presence of three Indian workers in Italy (simple workers, intrapreneurs, entrepreneurs), characterised by different entrepreneurial profile acting as engine or barrier to what we have labelled as “upward transition”. Immigrant entrepreneurs play a relevant role in Italy and in our point of view, it is of paramount importance to allow them to access to rural development policies, knowledge, training and education upgrading.