bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
”Pohjoisen teksti” – kirjallisuudentutkimus kansallisen eetoksen rakentajana?
Authors: Rosenholm Arja , Trubina Elena 
Published: April 2021

Artikkeli käsittelee venäläisten kirjallisuuden- ja kulttuurintutkijoiden 2000-luvulla kehittämää ”pohjoisen tekstin” (Severnyj tekst) kulttuurista konseptia. Aineistona ovat artikkelikokoelmat (2014–2017), joissa erityisesti Arkangelin Pohjoisen (arktisen) federaatioyliopiston tutkijat esittelevät pohjoisen tekstin konseptia ja sen soveltamista kaunokirjallisuuteen. Artikkeli tarkastelee konseptia geopoetiikan ja geokulttuurin näkökulmista ja kysyy, mikä on kirjallisuudentutkimuksen rooli alueellisen identiteetin luomisessa ja kansakuntaa rakentavien ideologisten merkitysten synnyttämisessä. Kulttuurisemioottinen konsepti yhdistää kielen, kirjallisuuden, filosofian ja tilan tutkimuksen. Kyse on pohjoista kartoittavasta metatekstistä (sverhtekst), joka esittää pohjoisen alueen ”sakraalin maantieteen” mytopoeettisena tilana ja jonka retoriikka luodessaan kansallista ja etnistä yhtenäisyyttä sulauttaa toisiinsa alueellisia ja valtion rajoja.
The “Northern Text” – literary studies creating a national ethos?
Regional narratives are actively examined in area studies and Slavic studies, but it is less-known how artistic renderings of spatial belonging and regional identity become included in current state ideologies. Drawing on cultural semiotics, geopoetics and geoculture, we highlight how the concept of the Northern text is applied to the text corpus of Russian literature on the North. Having examined the collections of articles published by Russian scholars based in Arkhangelsk in Northwest Russia in 2014–2017, we show, first, that the concept of the Northern Text combines language, literature, philosophy and space-oriented research in cultural semiotics; second, that the image of the northern region has been read through “sacred geography”; and third, that the rhetoric of the concept creates national and ethnic unity in the nation by merging the borders of the region and the state.
Immune Landscape of Thyroid Cancers: New Insights
Authors: Menicali Elisa , Guzzetti Martina , Morelli Silvia , Moretti Sonia , Puxeddu Efisio 
Published: April 2021

Immune system plays a key role in cancer prevention as well as in its initiation and progression. During multistep development of tumors, cells must acquire the capability to evade immune destruction. Both in vitro and in vivo studies showed that thyroid tumor cells can avoid immune response by promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment. The recruitment of immunosuppressive cells such as TAMs (tumor-associated macrophages), TAMCs (tumor-associated mast cells), MDSC (myeloid-derived suppressor cells), TANs (tumor-associated neutrophils) and Tregs (regulatory T cells) and/or the expression of negative immune checkpoints, like PD-L1 (programmed death-ligand 1), CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4), and/or immunosuppressive enzymes, as IDO1 (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1), are just some of the mechanisms that thyroid cancer cells exploit to escape immune destruction. Some authors systematically characterized immune cell populations and soluble mediators (chemokines, cytokines, and angiogenic factors) that constitute thyroid cancer microenvironment. Their purpose was to verify immune system involvement in cancer growth and progression, highlighting the differences in immune infiltrate among tumor histotypes. More recently, some authors have provided a more comprehensive view of the relationships between tumor and immune system involved in thyroid carcinogenesis. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) delivered a large amount of data that allowed to combine information on the inflammatory microenvironment with gene expression data, genetic and clinical-pathological characteristics, and differentiation degree of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Moreover, using a new sensitive and highly multiplex analysis, the NanoString Technology, it was possible to divide thyroid tumors in two main clusters based on expression of immune-related genes. Starting from these results, the authors performed an immune phenotype analysis that allowed to classify thyroid cancers in hot, cold, or intermediate depending on immune infiltration patterns of the tumor microenvironment. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive and updated view of the knowledge on immune landscape of thyroid tumors. Understanding interactions between tumor and microenvironment is crucial to effectively direct immunotherapeutic approaches in the treatment of thyroid cancer, particularly for those not responsive to conventional therapies.
10-Year Incidence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis in Children Aged Less Than 16 Years From a Large Regional Center (Hangzhou, China)
Authors: Peng Wei , Yuan Jinna , Chiavaroli Valentina , Dong Guanping , Huang Ke , Wu Wei , Ullah Rahim , Jin Binghan , Lin Hu , Derraik José G. B. , Fu Junfen 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D), and a leading cause of death in children aged &lt;15 years with new-onset T1D.Aimsi) to assess the incidence of DKA in children and adolescents newly diagnosed with T1D over a 10-year period at a large regional center in China; and ii) to examine the clinical symptoms and demographic factors associated with DKA and its severity at diagnosis.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective audit of a regional center, encompassing all youth aged &lt;16 years diagnosed with T1D in 2009–2018 at the Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Hangzhou, China). DKA and its severity were classified according to ISPAD 2018 guidelines.Results681 children were diagnosed with T1D, 50.1% having DKA at presentation (36.0% mild, 30.0% moderate, and 33.9% severe DKA). The number of patients diagnosed with T1D progressively rose from approximately 39 cases/year in 2009–2010 to 95 cases/year in 2017–2018 (≈2.5-fold increase), rising primarily among children aged 5–9 years. DKA incidence was unchanged but variable (44.8% to 56.8%). At T1D diagnosis, 89% of patients reported polyuria and 91% polydipsia. Children presenting with DKA were more likely to report vomiting, abdominal pain, and particularly fatigue. DKA was most common among the youngest children, affecting 4 in 5 children aged &lt;2 years (81.4%), in comparison to 53.3%, 42.7%, and 49.3% of patients aged 2–4, 5–9, and ≥10 years, respectively. Children with severe DKA were more likely to report vomiting, fatigue, and abdominal pain, but less likely to report polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia than those with mild/moderate DKA. Rates of severe DKA were highest in children aged &lt;2 years (51.1%).ConclusionsThe number of children diagnosed with T1D at our regional center increased over the study period, but DKA rates were unchanged. With 9 of 10 children reporting polyuria and polydipsia prior to T1D diagnosis, increasing awareness of this condition in the community and among primary care physicians could lead to earlier diagnosis, and thus potentially reduce rates of DKA at presentation.
Screening and Identification of Key Microenvironment-Related Genes in Non-functioning Pituitary Adenoma
Authors: Guo Jing , Fang Qiuyue , Liu Yulou , Xie Weiyan , Li Chuzhong , Zhang Yazhuo 
Published: April 2021

PurposeNon-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is a very common type of intracranial tumor, which can be locally invasive and can have a high recurrence rate. The tumor microenvironment (TME) shows a high correlation with tumor pathogenesis and prognosis. The current study aimed to identify microenvironment-related genes in NFPAs and assess their prognostic value.Methods73 NFPA tumor samples were collected from Beijing Tiantan Hospital and transcriptional expression profiles were obtained through microarray analysis. The immune and stromal scores of each sample were calculated through the ESTIMATE algorithm, and the patients were divided into high and low immune/stromal score groups. Intersection differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were then obtained to construct a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network. Potential functions and pathways of intersection DEGs were then analyzed through Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The prognostic value of these genes was evaluated. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in another set of NFPA samples was used to confirm the credibility of the bioinformatics analysis.ResultsThe immune/stromal scores were significantly correlated with cavernous sinus (CS) invasion. The Kaplan–Meier curve indicated that the high immune score group was significantly related to poor recurrence-free survival. We identified 497 intersection DEGs based on the high vs. low immune/stromal score groups. Function enrichment analyses of 497 DEGs and hub genes from the PPI network showed that these genes are mainly involved in the immune/inflammatory response, T cell activation, and the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B signaling pathway. Among the intersection DEGs, 88 genes were further verified as significantly expressed between the CS invasive group and the non-invasive group, and five genes were highly associated with NFPA prognosis.ConclusionWe screened out a series of critical genes associated with the TME in NFPAs. These genes may play a fundamental role in the development and prognosis of NFPA and may yield new therapeutic targets.
Bioinformatics-Based Analysis of the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA Network and TF Regulatory Network to Explore the Regulation Mechanism in Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Wang Dan , Wang Limei , Han Jie , Zhang Zaili , Fang Bo , Chen Fengshou 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundSpinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury (SCII) is a catastrophic complication involved with cardiovascular, spine, and thoracic surgeries and can lead to paraplegia. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of SCII remain ill-defined.MethodsExpression profiling (GSE138966) data were obtained from GEO database. Then, differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and DEmRNAs were screened out withp&lt; 0.05, and | fold change| &gt; 1.5. Aberrant miRNAs expression in SCII was obtained from PubMed. Functional enrichment analysis of overlapping DEmRNAs between predicted mRNAs in miRDB database and DEmRNAs obtained from GSE138966 was performed using cluster Profiler R package. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network was established in light of ceRNA theory. The key lncRNAs in the ceRNA network were identified by topological analysis. Subsequently, key lncRNAs related ceRNA-pathway network and transcription factors (TFs)-mRNAs network were constructed. Simultaneously, the expression levels of hub genes were measured via qRT-PCR.ResultsThe results in this study indicated that 76 miRNAs, 1373 lncRNAs, and 4813 mRNAs were differentially expressed in SCII. A SCII-related ceRNA network was constructed with 154 ncRNAs, 139 mRNAs, and 51 miRNAs. According topological analysis, six lncRNAs (NONRATT019236.2, NONRATT009530.2, NONRATT026999.2, TCONS_00032391, NONRATT023112.2, and NONRATT021956.2) were selected to establish the ceRNA-pathway network, and then two candidate hub lncRNAs (NONRATT009530.2 and NONRATT026999.2) were identified. Subsequently, two lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes were identified. NONRATT026999.2 and NONRATT009530.2 might involve SCII via miR-20b-5p/Map3k8 axis based on the complex ceRNA network. SP1 and Hnf4a acting as important TFs might regulate Map3k8. Furthermore, qRT-PCR results showed that the NONRATT009530.2, NONRATT026999.2, Map3k8, Hfn4a, and SP1 were significantly upregulated in SCII of rats, while the miR-20b-5p was downregulated.ConclusionOur results offer a new insight to understand the ceRNA regulation mechanism in SCII and identify highlighted lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA axes and two key TFs as potential targets for prevention and treatment of SCII.
Prevalence of Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome Determined Through Epidemiological Data on Spontaneous Pneumothorax and Bayes Theorem
Authors: Muller Marie-Eve , Daccord Cécile , Taffé Patrick , Lazor Romain 
Published: April 2021

Background: Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by cutaneous fibrofolliculomas, multiple pulmonary cysts, recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax (SP), and renal tumors. More than 40 years after its description, the prevalence of BHD in the general population remains unknown. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of BHD by applying the Bayes theorem of conditional probability to epidemiological data on SP.Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of published data on: (1) the probability of having BHD among patients with apparent primary SP (4 studies), (2) the incidence rate of primary SP in the general population (9 studies), and (3) the probability of experiencing a SP in BHD (16 studies). Results were corrected for SP relapses, stratified by gender and year of study publication (before and after 2000), and computed with the Bayes equation.Results: The probability of having BHD among patients with apparent primary SP was 0.09 (95% confidence interval: 0.07, 0.11) or 9%. It was 0.20 (0.14, 0.27) in women and 0.05 (0.04, 0.07) in men. The incidence rate of primary SP in the general population was 8.69 (6.58, 11.46) per 100,000 person-years (p-y). It was 3.44 (2.36, 4.99) per 100,000 p-y in women and 13.96 (10.72, 18.18) per 100,000 p-y in men, and was about 2 times higher in studies published after 2000 than in those published before 2000. The probability of experiencing at least one SP among patients with BHD was 0.43 (0.31, 0.54) or 43%, without gender difference. By combining these data in the Bayes equation, we found a prevalence of BHD in the general population of 1.86 (1.16, 3.00) per million, with values of 1.86 (1.02, 3.39) per million in men, and 1.88 (0.97, 3.63) per million in women.Conclusion: The prevalence of BHD in the general population is about 2 cases per million, without difference between genders.
Case Report: CD8+ T-Lymphocyte Deficit: A Prerequisite for Pasteurella spp. Infection?
Authors: Denes Eric , Fiorenza Fabrice , Armendariz Mateo , Martin Christian 
Published: April 2021

Background: Immunity against Pasteurella spp. is not well-known for humans.Methods: We've tested T CD8+ lymphocytes in a patient with a chronic prosthetic joint infection due to Pasteurella spp. to search for a deficit which could have favored her infection. As this deficit was found, we've searched for such a deficit in other patients with Pasteurella spp. Infections, either acute or subacute.Results: Eight patients were tested and all had a persistent T CD8+ lymphocytes deficit. This is striking as these cells are involved in the response to this type of infection in animal models.Conclusion: The authors suggest that a deficit in CD8+ T lymphocytes can be one of the causes for the onset of infections with P. multocida.
Features Associated With Quality of Life Impairment in Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients
Authors: Schneider-Burrus Sylke , Tsaousi Athanasia , Barbus Sebastian , Huss-Marp Johannes , Witte Katrin , Wolk Kerstin , Fritz Björn , Sabat Robert 
Published: April 2021

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with an adverse impact on patients' quality of life (QoL).Objectives: To quantify QoL impairment in patients in Germany suffering from HS and to identify the parameters associated with QoL impairment.Methods: A non-interventional, cross-sectional, mono-centric study with 500 HS patients. QoL data (measured using the Dermatology Life Quality Index; DLQI) and demographic, anamnestic, clinical, and blood parameters were collected. All patients were examined by dermatologists that documented the skin alterations. QoL data from 462 HS patients were available and evaluated.Results: The mean (± standard deviation) DLQI score of HS patients was 13.18 ± 7.99. Approximately 40% and 20% of HS patients declared very large and extremely large QoL impairment, respectively. The degree of QoL disturbance correlated with the severity of skin alterations, blood leucocyte count and, in particular, with anogenital localization and the presence of nodules and fistulas. Furthermore, QoL impairment was associated with specific comorbidities, such as adiposity and back pain, but not with HS family history. QoL impairment was not influenced by whether or not the patients had undergone resection surgery or antibiotic treatment but was more severe in HS patients that had undergone abscess lancing compared to patients without such treatment in the past.Limitations: It was a mono-centric study and most data were obtained from self-administered patient questionnaires. The association of QoL with type of treatment was analyzed for abscess lancing, resection surgery, and antibiotic treatment. Further therapeutic modalities recommended in the guidelines were not investigated.Conclusion: A profound impairment in QoL was present in patients with HS, and this was higher than that observed in other studied dermatoses. The degree of impairment correlated with the extent of cutaneous and some extra-cutaneous alterations. Surgical and conventional medicamentous therapies of HS were not associated with long-lasting reduction of QoL impairment. Our data support the implementation of patient-reported outcome measures for the assessment of therapy responses.
Engineering Method for Tailoring Electrical Characteristics in TiN/TiOx/HfOx/Au Bi-Layer Oxide Memristive Devices
Authors: Park Seongae , Klett Stefan , Ivanov Tzvetan , Knauer Andrea , Doell Joachim , Ziegler Martin 
Published: April 2021

Memristive devices have led to an increased interest in neuromorphic systems. However, different device requirements are needed for the multitude of computation schemes used there. While linear and time-independent conductance modulation is required for machine learning, non-linear and time-dependent properties are necessary for neurobiologically realistic learning schemes. In this context, an adaptation of the resistance switching characteristic is necessary with regard to the desired application. Recently, bi-layer oxide memristive systems have proven to be a suitable device structure for this purpose, as they combine the possibility of a tailored memristive characteristic with low power consumption and uniformity of the device performance. However, this requires technological solutions that allow for precise adjustment of layer thicknesses, defect densities in the oxide layers, and suitable area sizes of the active part of the devices. For this purpose, we have investigated the bi-layer oxide system TiN/TiOx/HfOx/Au with respect to tailored I-V non-linearity, the number of resistance states, electroforming, and operating voltages. Therefore, a 4-inch full device wafer process was used. This process allows a systematic investigation, i.e., the variation of physical device parameters across the wafer as well as a statistical evaluation of the electrical properties with regard to the variability from device to device and from cycle to cycle. For the investigation, the thickness of the HfOx layer was varied between 2 and 8 nm, and the size of the active area of devices was changed between 100 and 2,500 µm2. Furthermore, the influence of the HfOx deposition condition was investigated, which influences the conduction mechanisms from a volume-based, filamentary to an interface-based resistive switching mechanism. Our experimental results are supported by numerical simulations that show the contribution of the HfOx film in the bi-layer memristive system and guide the development of a targeting device.
Tumor Volume Predicts High-Risk Patients and Guides Initial Chemoradiotherapy for Early Cervical Cancer
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Cao Dongyan , Yang Jiaxin , Shen Keng , He Yonglan , Xue Huadan 
Published: April 2021

We evaluated the relationship between the minimum tumor-free margin, tumor volume, and adverse pathological risk factors in early cervical cancer and explored the predictive value of these parameters for different types of risk patients to guide individualized therapeutic strategies. Patients who received the initial treatment of radical operation of cervical cancer and their postoperative pathological reports in our hospital from July 1, 2017, to June 30, 2019, were reviewed. Their minimum tumor-free margin and tumor volume were measured on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. Student’s t-test and the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were used for data analysis. A total of 240 patients were included. Adverse pathological risk factors were as follows: deep cervical infiltration, 95 (39.6%) cases; lymph vascular space invasion, 91 (37.9%); lymph node metastasis, 20 (8.3%); parametrial infiltration, 8 (3.3%); tumor diameter ≥4 cm, 7 (2.9%); and positive surgical margin, 1 (0.4%). According to the adverse pathological factors, there were 20 (8.3%) high-risk patients, 50 (20.8%) medium-risk patients, and 170 (70.8%) low-risk patients. The ranges of the minimum tumor-free margin and tumor volume were 0.01–13.5 mm and 105–27,990 mm3, respectively. The minimum tumor-free margin with lymph node metastasis was significantly smaller than that without (P &lt;0.05). The tumor volume with parametrial infiltration, deep cervical infiltration, or lymph vascular space invasion was significantly greater than that without (P &lt; 0.05). The tumor volume was significantly different among low-, medium-, and high-risk patients (P &lt;0.05). Tumor volume was of predictive value for high-risk patients (P &lt; 0.05). With 3,505 mm3 as the cutoff value, the sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of high-risk patients were 88.9% and 84.8%, respectively. Tumor volume can be used as a great predictor of high-risk patients (cutoff value, 3,505 mm3), which could be an indication of initial chemoradiotherapy for early cervical cancer.