bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy of prehospital ultrasound in detecting lung injury in patients with trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sen James Paul Benjamin , Emerson Jonathan , Franklin John 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundUltrasound is now readily available in the prehospital setting and its use has been highlighted as one of the top research priorities in prehospital care. Clinical examination remains the standard care for diagnosing lung injury in the prehospital setting, yet this can be challenging and has poor diagnostic accuracy. This review evaluates the accuracy of prehospital ultrasound for the diagnoses of pneumothorax, haemothorax and pulmonary contusions in patients with trauma.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and the Cochrane Library were searched. Only papers reporting on the diagnostic accuracy of lung ultrasound for traumatic pneumothorax, haemothorax or pulmonary contusions; in a prehospital or helicopter emergency medical service setting; and with CT or operative findings as a reference standard, were included. Non-English studies or articles that reported on animal studies were excluded. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies.ResultsSix observational studies, four with low risk of bias and two with some concerns, reporting on 1908 thoracic ultrasound examinations in patients with trauma, were included. For pneumothorax, meta-analysis yielded pooled sensitivity of 29% (95% CI 22% to 37%, I2=0%) and pooled specificity of 98% (95% CI 97% to 99%, I2=0%). Insufficient data were reported for a reliable meta-analysis on the presence of haemothorax. Only one study reported on the presence of pulmonary contusions and therefore no analysis was conducted.ConclusionPrehospital ultrasound is highly specific but has a lower sensitivity for the presence of pneumothorax when compared with hospital studies. Further research is required, alongside education and training of prehospital providers, to further explore the factors that account for the differences observed in this review.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023365034.
Aspirin is associated with lower risk of pancreatic cancer and cancer-related mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tan Jing Tong , Mao Xianhua , Cheng Ho-Ming , Seto Wai-Kay , Leung Wai-K , Cheung Ka-Shing 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundPatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have higher pancreatic cancer (PC) risk. While aspirin has chemopreventive effects on digestive cancers, its effect on PC among patients with T2DM is unclear.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study identified newly diagnosed adult patients with T2DM in Hong Kong between 2001 and 2015 from a territory-wide healthcare registry. Exclusion criteria were history of PC, pancreatic cyst, IgG4 disease, or pancreatectomy. To address reverse causality between PC and T2DM, we excluded patients with PC diagnosed within 1 year of T2DM. We also excluded patients with less than 1 year of observation. Primary outcome was PC, and secondary outcomes were PC-related and all-cause mortality. Aspirin use was treated as time-varying variable (≥180 day-use/year) to address immortal-time bias, and multivariable Cox regression model was employed to derive adjusted HR (aHR). Propensity-score (PS) matching was used as secondary analysis.ResultsAmong 343 966 newly diagnosed patients with T2DM (median follow-up: 10.5 years; IQR: 7.7–14.5 years), 1224 (0.36%) developed PC. There were 51 151 (14.9%) deaths from any cause, and 787 (0.2%) died from PC. Aspirin use was associated with lower PC risk in both time-dependent (aHR: 0.58; 95% CI 0.49 to 0.69) and PS matching analysis (aHR: 0.61; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.77). An inverse relationship was observed with increasing dose and duration of aspirin use (Ptrend<0.001). Aspirin was also associated with a lower risk of PC-related mortality (aHR: 0.43; 95% CI 0.34 to 0.53) and all-cause mortality (aHR: 0.78; 95% CI 0.76 to 0.80).ConclusionAspirin use may be an oncopreventive strategy to reduce PC risk in patients with T2DM. Further studies are warranted to validate the study findings.
Prevalence of indications of alcohol and drug use among patients treated for injurious falls by Emergency Medical Services in the USA
Authors: Itzkowitz Nicole G , Burford Kathryn G , Crowe Remle P , Wang Henry E , Lo Alexander X , Rundle Andrew G 
Published: January 2025

ObjectiveThe association between alcohol consumption and increased injuries from falls is well established, but there is a lack of data on the prevalence of substance use by fall type. This study aims to describe the distribution of alcohol and drug involvement in injurious falls.MethodsUsing the 2019 National Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Information System data set, we identified 1 854 909 patients injured from falls requiring an EMS response and determined the fall location (eg, indoors or on street/sidewalk). We analysed data on the EMS clinician’s notation of alcohol or drug involvement and Glasgow Coma Scale.ResultsOverall, for 7.4% of injurious falls, there was a notation of substance use: 6.5% for alcohol alone, 0.6% for drugs and 0.3% for alcohol and drugs. 21.2% of falls that occurred on a street or sidewalk had a notation of substance use. Substance use prevalence was highest, at 30.3%, in the age group 21–64 years, for falls occurring on streets and sidewalks, without syncope or heat illness as contributing factors. Reported substance use involvement was more frequent for men compared with women for each location type. Glasgow Coma Scale scores indicative of moderate or severe trauma were more prevalent among falls involving alcohol and/or drugs.ConclusionsOverall, one in five injurious falls on streets and sidewalks and requiring EMS attention involved substance use, and these numbers likely underestimate the true burden. As cities seek to expand nightlife districts, design strategies to protect pedestrians from falls should be enacted.
Sexual dimorphism inSMAD3pathogenic variant-harbouring individuals
Authors: Richer Julie , Velchev Joe Davis , Goobie Sharan , Boswell-Patterson Christie A , van de Laar Ingrid M B H , Verhagen Judith M A , Wessels Marja W , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W , Luyckx Ilse , Al-Amodi Hussein , Chu Michael W A , Laberge Anne-Marie , Sadikovic Bekim , Balci Tugce , Verstraeten Aline , Loeys Bart 
Published: January 2025

BackgroundIndividuals harbouringSMAD3pathogenic variants are at risk for aneurysms/dissections throughout the arterial tree. Based on prior reports of sex differences in thoracic aortic aneurysm/dissection, we investigated the sexual dimorphism for vascular events inSMAD3-variant-harbouring patients.MethodsWe analysed two large pedigrees comprising 84 individuals segregating pathogenic missense variants affecting the same p.Arg287 residue inSMAD3. We excluded individuals<40 years without vascular involvement, as they were too young to be classified. Individuals were subcategorised according to sex, the presence or absence and localisation (aneurysm/dissection with or without involvement of the aortic root/ascending aorta) of vascular lesions. We complemented our familial patient cohort with 178SMAD3patients reported in the literature between 2011 and 2023.ResultsIn our two pedigrees, 11/30 (37%) variant-harbouring females had no vascular involvement, whereas none of the variant-harboring males (n=23) had no vascular involvement (p=0.001). While the two groups did not differ by age, males were at higher risk of vascular complications (p=0.037), there was no age difference between sexes. Of the 19 females with vascular involvement, six (32%) had vascular involvment sparing the aortic root/ascending aorta, whereas of the 23 males with vascular invovlement, only one (4%) had vascular involvement sparing the aortic root/ascending aorta (p=0.034). In the literature, we identified 116 male and 62 female additional patients. In the combined cohort of 220 patients, we demonstrated an over-representation of males (p<0.001) and non-penetrance in females for vascular pathology involving the aortic root/ascending aorta (p=0.028).ConclusionsNon-penetrance is more common in women, and normal echocardiography in at-risk females is not as reassuring for risk of vasculopathy in other locations. The higher non-penetrance in women creates an ascertainment bias and results in an over-representation of male patients in the literature.
The Use of MiniMed780G System Is Associated With Stable Glycemic Control in People With Type 1 Diabetes Before, During, and After Ramadan: An Observational Study
Authors: Alguwaihes Abdullah M. , Alotaibi Najla , Alotaibi Metib , Masry Naglaa , Safarini Saher 
Published: January 2025

Aims: The study was aimed at assessing the role of the MiniMed780G system of glycemic control before, during, and after Ramadan among people with Type 1 diabetes (PwT1D).Methods: This is a single‐center retrospective analysis of MiniMed780G system users aged 14 years and above whose glycemic profiles were collected from February 21 to May 20, 2023, which corresponds to the Hijri months of Sha’ban, Ramadan, and Shawwal 1444/1445. Data was collected, processed, and analyzed in the framework of the Medtronic Galaxy service of the One Hospital Clinical Service (OHCS) program in Dallah Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data from 43 PwT1D (24 females, mean age 30 ± 11 years with 14 ± 8 years from diabetes onset) using the MiniMed780G system were collected.Results: Overall, the 3‐month (Sha’ban, Ramadan, and Shawwal) mean sensor glucose (SG), time in range (TIR) (70–180 mg/dL), time below range (TBR) (54–69 mg/dL and < 54 mg/dL), time above range (TAR) (180–250 mg/dL and > 250 mg/dL), and glucose management indicator (GMI) showed no statistical differences within the three periods. No differences in insulin total daily dose have been detected, and no diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or severe hypoglycemia events occurred.Conclusion: The use of the MiniMed780G system is safe with favorable glycemic outcomes across nonfasting and fasting months.
Facts and Hopes in Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Combinations in Resectable Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Schuler Martin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Antibodies targeting immune checkpoints, such as PD-1, PD-L1, or CTLA-4, have transformed the treatment of patients with lung cancers. Unprecedented rates of durable responses are achieved in an imperfectly characterized population of patients with metastatic disease. More recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors have been explored in patients with resectable non–small cell lung cancers. Following a traditional paradigm, antibody therapies were first studied in the adjuvant setting, after surgery and chemotherapy. Pivotal trials supported global approvals of the PD-L1/-1 antibodies atezolizumab and pembrolizumab in this setting. Exciting observations were made when checkpoint inhibitors were moved to the preoperative window. Several signal-finding studies explored a limited number of cycles prior to surgery and reproducibly reported complete or major histopathologic responses. So far, six published phase III trials have demonstrated the superiority of combining the PD-1/-L1 antibodies nivolumab, pembrolizumab, durvalumab, tislelizumab, or toripalimab with 3 to 4 courses of preoperative platinum-based chemotherapy over preoperative chemotherapy alone in terms of response rates and survival endpoints. Those patients achieving complete or major histopathologic responses experienced particularly favorable long-term outcomes. It is yet unclear whether there is true synergism between immunotherapy and chemotherapy and whether outcomes are further improved by adding postoperative checkpoint inhibition. Although these pivotal trials qualify neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy as another option in curative lung cancer treatment, there is hope that the chemotherapy backbone will be ultimately replaced by rationally selected and targeted combination partners. In this work, the current status and future avenues of neoadjuvant combination immunotherapies in patients with non–small cell lung cancer are reviewed.
Spatial Organization of Macrophages in CTL-Rich Hepatocellular Carcinoma Influences CTL Antitumor Activity
Authors: Weng Yulan , Wang Lu , Wang Yuting , Xu Junyu , Fan Xiaoli , Luo Shufeng , Hua Qiaomin , Xu Jing , Liu Gaoteng , Zhao Kai-Bo , Zhao Chang-An , Kuang Dong-Ming , Wu Chong , Zheng Limin 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Despite the pivotal role of CTLs in antitumor immunity, a substantial proportion of CTL-rich patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) experience early relapse or immunotherapy resistance. However, spatial immune variations impacting the heterogeneous clinical outcomes of CTL-rich HCCs remain poorly understood. In this study, we compared the single-cell and spatial landscapes of 20 CTL-rich HCCs with distinct prognoses using multiplexed in situ staining and validated the prognostic value of myeloid spatial patterns in a cohort of 386 patients. Random forest and Cox regression models identified macrophage aggregation as a distinctive spatial pattern characterizing a subset of CTL-rich HCCs with an immunosuppressive microenvironment and poor prognosis. Integrated analysis of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, combined with in situ staining validation, revealed that spatial aggregation enhanced protumoral macrophage reprogramming in HCCs, marked by lipid metabolism orientation, M2-like polarization, and increased adjacent CTL exhaustion. This spatial effect on macrophage reprogramming was replicated in HCC-conditioned human macrophage cultures, which showed an enhanced capability to suppress CTLs. Notably, increased macrophage aggregation was associated with higher response rates to anti–PD-1 immunotherapy. These findings suggest that the spatial distribution of macrophages is a biomarker of their functional diversities and microenvironment status, which holds prognostic and therapeutic implications.
Predicting task-related brain activity from resting-state brain dynamics with fMRI Transformer
Authors: Kwon Junbeom , Seo Jungwoo , Wang Heehwan , Moon Taesup , Yoo Shinjae , Cha Jiook 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Accurate prediction of the brain’s task reactivity from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data remains a significant challenge in neuroscience. Traditional statistical approaches often fail to capture the complex, nonlinear spatiotemporal patterns of brain function. This study introduces SwiFUN (Swin fMRI UNet Transformer), a novel deep learning framework designed to predict 3D task activation maps directly from resting-state fMRI scans. SwiFUN leverages advanced techniques such as shifted window-based self-attention, which helps to understand complex patterns by focusing on varying parts of the data sequentially, and a contrastive learning strategy to better capture individual differences among subjects. When applied to predicting emotion-related task activation in adults (UK Biobank, n = 7,038) and children (ABCD, n = 4,944), SwiFUN consistently achieved higher overall prediction accuracy than existing methods across all contrasts; it demonstrated an improvement of up to 27% for the FACES-PLACES contrast in ABCD data. The resulting task activation maps revealed individual differences across cortical regions associated with sex, age, and depressive symptoms. This scalable, transformer-based approach potentially reduces the need for task-based fMRI in clinical settings, marking a promising direction for future neuroscience and clinical research that enhances our ability to understand and predict brain function.
A long and winding road: Research impact evaluation over public policies
Authors: Cristofoletti Evandro Coggo , Salles-Filho Sergio , Juk Yohanna , Cabral Bernardo , Pinto Karen Esteves Fernandes , Hollanda Sandra , Graziani Carlos , Pereira César Antonio 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
This study evaluates the extent to which the impacts of scientific publications funded by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) on public policies can be assessed using the Overton database. Utilizing the Overton database, the research integrates DOI data with bibliometric analyses to track how FAPESP’s funding influences policymaking in Brazil and worldwide. Results show significant citations across diverse fields, notably in health, environmental sustainability, and food security, reflecting the global relevance of FAPESP-funded research. Analyses reveal the geographical and thematic influence on policy documents, even considering potential biases due to the Overton database’s limitations. In this direction, the study highlights some limitations of this database, pointing out methodological challenges that need to be addressed for measuring the impact of scientific publications on policy documents to become more comprehensive and in-depth. Overcoming these challenges is essential for effectively understanding the impacts of research on policy and for enabling better communication about the impact of science on society.
Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature, Version 6 (ERSSTv6). Part I: An Artificial Neural Network Approach
Authors: Huang Boyin , Yin Xungang , Boyer Tim , Liu Chunying , Menne Matthew , Rao Yuhan Douglas , Smith Thomas , Vose Russell , Zhang Huai-Min 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
NOAA’s Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature (ERSST) is an operational global SST product based on in situ observations, which has been widely used in monitoring and assessing global ocean climate particularly El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. ERSSTv5 and its predecessors, however, encountered two shortcomings: 1) low SST spatial variabilities in the data-sparse regions before the 1950s and 2) low-performance scores against in situ observations after the 1970s. The first problem has been mitigated in this Part I study of ERSSTv6 by removing a 3-month running average and applying an interpolation method using an artificial neural network (ANN). The improvements of the ANN method over an empirical orthogonal teleconnection (EOT) method used in previous versions were assessed against validation, testing, and observation datasets. In comparison with ERSSTv5, the spatial correlation coefficient (SCC) with reference to observations increases by 5%, and root-mean-square difference (RMSD) with reference to observations decreases by 0.03°C in ERSSTv6. The improvements of SCC and RMSD are more pronounced in the tropical Pacific and the Southern Hemisphere oceans between 60° and 30°S. The second problem has been addressed separately in our Part II study.

Significance Statement
ERSSTv6 has been upgraded from ERSSTv5 by implementing an interpolation method using an artificial neural network (ANN). In comparison with ERSSTv5, ERSSTv6 has higher spatial coherence and lower root-mean-square error in the global oceans from 1850 to 2021.
Large-Scale Drivers of Widespread Extreme Precipitation in Europe: Insights from High-Resolution Regional Climate Model Simulations
Authors: Shahi Namendra Kumar , Zolina Olga , Gulev Sergey K. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Although regional climate models (RCMs) have made significant advancements in simulating the spatiotemporal characteristics of precipitation and understanding mechanisms of precipitation changes over recent decades, concerns persist regarding their ability to accurately represent the large-scale atmospheric conditions associated with climate extremes. In light of this, the present study evaluates the performance of high-resolution RCM simulations in representing the characteristics of widespread extreme precipitation events and their associated large-scale synoptic systems across different complex orographic precipitation regimes in the Mediterranean and the European North Atlantic regions during 1980–2010. The RCM simulations are performed in the framework of the European-Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (EURO-CORDEX) at a horizontal resolution of approximately 12 km (0.11° × 0.11°) and constitute so-called evaluation experiments, i.e., simulations forced by large-scale information from a reanalysis. A set of high-resolution quality-controlled observational precipitation datasets compiled from higher density rain gauge station networks, along with E-OBS data, is used to evaluate the precipitation simulated by the RCMs. We found that the RCMs reproduced the observed total number and intensity of widespread extreme precipitation events to a great extent; however, there is variation or spread in the results among different RCMs. The study also emphasized the critical importance of systematically addressing model-specific discrepancies, as these variations can amplify intermodel spread and potentially lead to misleading conclusions. The general synoptic patterns that characterize widespread extreme precipitation include trough–ridge patterns with cyclonic features, advection of warm and moist air promoting rising motion, and enhanced moisture transport into the regions. Also, atmospheric river–like patterns of moisture transport originating from the Atlantic Ocean are identified, particularly in the European North Atlantic regions, and with contributions from the Mediterranean Sea in the Mediterranean regions. While RCMs reproduced the large-scale synoptic spatial patterns observed in ERA5 to a great extent, intermodel differences are evident in the spatial patterns and their magnitudes. We concluded that when driven by the same forcing, the RCMs, despite their many mutual differences, are, on the whole, capable in providing a robust and converging result when it comes to widespread extreme precipitation events.