bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Integrative Workflow to Prioritize Toxicity Initiation Events From Air-liquid-interface Exposure of Human Lung Cells to Combustion Aerosols: First Application to Emissions From a Heavy Fuel Oil or Diesel Fuel Operated Ship Engine
Authors: Gupta Suchi Smita , Orasche Jürgen , Streibel Thorsten , Passig Johannes , Czech Hendryk , Schnelle-Kreis Jürgen , Sklorz Martin , Sippula Olli , Jokiniemi Jorma , Hirvonen Maija-Riitta , Dittmar Gunnar , Kanashova Tamara , Öder Sebastian , Buters Jeroen , Stengel Benjamin , Harndorf Horst , Dilger Marco , Schlager Christoph , Hiller Karsten , Sapcariou Sean , Gupta Shailendra , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Zimmermann Ralf 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAdvancement in the instrumentation techniques made it possible to identify the compositions and concentrations of various chemicals, such as organic compounds or metals in combustion aerosols. However, the prediction of combustion aerosol-induced toxicity end points in lung epithelium cells is difficult due to the large number of non-linear chemical-biological interactions. It is evident that some chemicals present in the combustion aerosols upregulate certain genes/ proteins while other chemicals downregulate them, making the prediction of toxicity of a mixture of chemicals a challenging task. Also, the presence of large numbers of feedback and feedforward regulatory loops makes the entire prediction process highly dynamic. MethodsHere we present an integrative workflow to construct and analyze combustion aerosol-type specific chemical-gene regulatory network. For this, we develop an algorithm to estimate the combined regulatory effect of chemicals present in the combustion aerosol on each of the genes/proteins in the network. Further we rank the nodes by combining various network topological and non-topological parameters using a multi-objective optimization function. The top ranked nodes were used to identify aerosol-type specific key regulators that contributes toward the understanding of adverse outcomes due to the exposure of combustion aerosols. ResultsThe integrative workflow is evaluated using transcriptomics analysis carried out on human bronchial epithelium cell line BEAS-2B exposed at the air liquid interface (ALI) to the combustion aerosols generated by ship engine running either on distillate Diesel Fuel (DF) or on Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) along with chemometric analysis. Based on the prioritized chemicals, we prepared DF and HFO combustion aerosols-specific chemical-gene regulatory network. Our study reveals the large differences in the observed biological effects caused by operating the same ship engine on the different fuels.ConclusionThe presented workflow can be used to investigate key regulatory processes associated with the toxicity outcomes of mixture of chemicals and also for the hazard classification and assessment of various combustion aerosols.
The Pathways to Seeking Treatment, Diagnose and Follow Up of Esophageal Cancer Patients in Arsi Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia: Qualitative Phenomenological Study
Authors: Deyabsso Haji Aman , Roba Kedir Teji , Belachew Tefera 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background:- Esophageal cancer patients experience multifaceted challenges but studies often focus on the prevalence and risk factors of esophageal cancer with no documentation of the lived experiences of patients. This study aimed at exploring the lived experiences of esophageal cancer patients with the concept of uncovering pathways to seeking treatment, diagnosis, and follow-up. Methods:- A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted from September 01 to October 30, 2019. Data were collected from 25 patients (14 males and 11 females) through in-depth interviews using semi-structured interview guides and audio recordings. The data collectors’ notes and audio recordings were transcribed verbatim. The transcribed data were translated into English and coded using Atlas.ti.7.0.71 version software. Data were analyzed by the inductive thematic analysis method. Results:- The study demonstrated four main themes; experiences of symptoms of esophageal cancer, pathways to seeking treatment and diagnosis, barriers to treatment follow-up, and challenges of survival with esophageal cancer. The pathways to seeking and diagnosis were described with the concepts of self-care, visiting traditional healers, and hierarchical layers of health care delivery systems. The barriers to treatment follow-up were related to inaccessible and unaffordable health care services, and attitudes towards treatment. The challenges of survival with esophageal cancer were designated as problems with food intakes, treatment side effects, reduced quality of life, psychological and physical impairments. Conclusion:- Esophageal cancer patients in this study experienced complex pathways to treatment-seeking, multidimensional obstacles to treatment follow-up, and live with unbearable challenges.
The Sensitivity to Change of the Cluster Headache Quality of Life Scale Assessed Before and After Deep Brain Stimulation of the Ventral Tegmental Area
Authors: Cappon Davide Balos , Ryterska Agata , Akram Harith , Lagrata Susie , Cheema Sanjay , Hyam Jonathan , Zrinzo Ludvic , Matharu Manjit , Jahanshahi Marjan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Cluster headache (CH) is a trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia (TAC) characterized by a highly disabling headache that negatively impacts quality of life and causes limitations in daily functioning as well as social functioning and family life. Since specific measures to assess the quality of life (QoL) in TACs are lacking, we recently developed and validated the cluster headache quality of life scale (CH-QoL). The sensitivity of CH-QoL to change after a medical intervention has not been evaluated yet.Methods: This study aimed to test the sensitivity to change of the CH-QoL in CH. Specifically our aim was to i) assess the sensitivity of CH-QoL to change before and following deep brain stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA-DBS), ii) evaluate the relationship of changes on CH-QoL with changes in other generic measures of quality of life, as well as indices of mood and pain. Ten consecutive CH patients completed the CH-QoL and underwent neuropsychological assessment before and after VTA-DBS. The patients were evaluated on headache frequency, severity and load (HAL) as well as on tests of generic quality of life (Short Form-36 (SF-36)), mood (Beck Depression Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale), and pain (McGill Pain Questionnaire, Headache Impact Test, Pain Behaviour Checklist). Results: The CH-QoL total score was significantly reduced after compared to before VTA-DBS. Changes in the CH-QoL total score correlated significantly and negatively with changes in HAL, the SF-36, and positively and significantly with depression and the evaluative domain on the McGill Pain Questionnaire.Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that changes after VTA-DBS in CH-QoL total scores are associated with the reduction of frequency, duration, and severity of headache attacks after surgery. Moreover, post VTA-DBS improvement in CH-QoL scores are associated with an amelioration in quality of life assessed with generic measures, a reduction of depressive symptoms, and evaluative pain experience after VTA-DBS. These results support the sensitivity to change of the CH-QoL and further demonstrate the validity and applicability of CH-QoL as a disease specific measure of quality of life for CH.
Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies in the Intensive Care unit: A Single-Center Cohort Study of 233 Cases in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Chieh-Lung , Wang Sing-Ting , Cheng Wen-Chien , Chen Chih-Yu , Chen Wei-Cheng , Lin Yu-Chao , Wu Biing-Ru , Liao Wei-Chih 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPatients with a hematologic malignancies (HM) have one of the highest mortality rates among cancer patients admitted to the medical intensive care unit (ICU). The aim of this study was to identify outcomes and risk factors that predict the prognosis of critically ill patients with HM in the ICU.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary referral hospital in Taiwan over 40 months (January 1, 2017–April 30, 2020). All adult patients with HM who were admitted to medical ICU were enrolled. Clinical data upon hospital and ICU admission were collected. The predictors of ICU mortality were evaluated using a multivariate analysis.ResultsA total of 233 patients with HM met the inclusion criteria. The median age (SD) was 59.3 (15.1) years, and 76% of the HMs were classified as high-grade disease. The median (IQR) Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at ICU admission was 11 (9–15); Simpliﬁed Acute Physiology Score II, 64 (51–80); and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, 28 (23–34). The most common reasons for ICU admission were acute respiratory failure (63.1%) and septic shock (19.7%). The ICU and hospital mortality rates were 54.1% and 67.8%, respectively. A multivariate analysis revealed that the initiation of renal replacement therapy in the ICU (odds ratio [OR], 3.88; 95% CI, 1.66–9.08) and SOFA score (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.03–1.31) were independently associated with ICU mortality.ConclusionsThe ICU and hospital outcomes of critically ill patients with HM are improving. Performance status, cancer status, invasive mechanical ventilation, severe neutropenia, and transplantation status were not identified as predictive factors of ICU outcome. Initiation of renal replacement therapy in the ICU and the SOFA score upon ICU admission were independently associated with ICU mortality. We suggest early and timely ICU admission of patients at risk of multiorgan failure.
Pivot burrowing of scarab beetle (Trypoxylus dichotomus) larva
Authors: Adachi Haruhiko , Ozawa Makoto , Yagi Satoshi , Seita Makoto , Kondo Shigeru 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Scarab beetle larvae do not have appendages to shovel soil and their trunk is thick compared to their body length; hence, their movement through the soil is perplexing. Here, we found that the last larval instars of Trypoxylus dichotomus burrow in two different ways, depending on the hardness of the soil. If the soil is soft, the larvae keep their body in a straight line and use longitudinal expansion and contraction; if the soil is hard, they flex and rotate their body. It is thought that the larvae adapt to diverse soil conditions using two different excavation methods.
In vitro resorbability and granular characteristics of 3D-printed hydroxyapatite granules versus allograft, xenograft, and alloplast
Authors: Taecha-apaikun Kongkrit , Pisek Poonsak , Suwanprateeb Jintamai , Thammarakcharoen Faungchat , Arayatrakoollikit Uthaiwan , Angwarawong Thidarat , Kongsomboon Supaporn , Pisek Araya 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThree-dimensionally printed hydroxyapatite (3DP HA) was investigated in regards to its functional properties supporting bone regeneration and tooth movement. The material’s high porosity and nanocrystal structure were investigated in terms of degradability, wicking property, and granular agglomeration in order to identify its potential for use as bone graft in alveolar cleft applications. Materials and methodsCommercially available bovine xenograft (Bio-Oss), biphasic calcium phosphate alloplast (BoneCeramic), and two types of freeze-dried bone allograft granules (SureOss Plus and RegenOss) were employed as control samples for comparison. In vitro degradability was studied by submerging the samples in pH 7.4 buffered solution at 37 o C for 28 days and determining subsequent weight loss percentage. The wicking property and granular agglomeration were evaluated by putting the granules in contact with deionized water, whole blood, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).ResultSureOss Plus and RegenOss showed the greatest weight loss at 28 days (6.64 and 8.91%, respectively) followed by 3DP HA (2.82%), Bio-Oss (0.21%), and BoneCeramic (0.20%). In contrast, 3DP HA showed significantly greater wicking ability than other samples for all types of tested liquids. SureOss Plus exhibited the greatest granular agglomeration for all liquid types followed by 3DP HA and Bio-Oss, Regenoss, and BoneCeramic, respectively.Conclusion3DP HA was found to be a favorable candidate for bone grafting in alveolar cleft treatment. Its resorption ability and exceptionally high wicking ability would be beneficial in bone healing and tooth movement. In addition, its moderate granular agglomeration capacity would help in graft handling and manipulation.
Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Reduce Myogenic Contracture and Muscle Atrophy via inhibiting NF-κB/HIF-1α Signaling Pathway in Rabbit
Authors: Wang Feng , Li Wen , Zhou Yun , Huang Peng Peng 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundRecent studies have shown that radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) modulates viability and gene expression of human skeletal muscle cells in vitro. However, the underlying biological effects and mechanisms of rESWT on muscle atrophy and myogenic contracture in animal mode have not yet been investigated.ObjectiveTo investigate the underlying biological effects and mechanisms of rESWT on myogenic contracture and muscle atrophy in a rabbit model of extending knee joint contracture.MethodsForty rabbits were randomly divided into eight groups. In group Control, the left knee joint was not fixed. In group I-4w, the left knee joint was only fixed for four weeks. In groups SR-1w, SR-2w, and SR-4w, the left knee joint was fixed for four weeks before the rabbits underwent one, two, and four weeks of self-recovery, respectively. In groups rESWT-1w, rESWT-2w, and rESWT-4w, the left knee joint was fixed for four weeks before the rabbits underwent one, two, and four weeks of rESWT, respectively. The degree of myogenic contracture was measured, the cross-sectional area and key protein levels for NF-κB/HIF-1α signaling pathway and myogenic regulatory factors of the rectus femoris were evaluated.ResultsDuring the recovery period, biological findings in this study showed that the levels of myogenic contracture and muscle atrophy were milder in group rESWT by compared with group SR at the same time point. Molecular biological analysis in the present study showed that MyoD protein levels in the group rESWT was significantly higher than those in the group SR, and importantly, phospho-NF-κB p65 and HIF-1α protein levels in the group rESWT were significantly lower than those in the group SR at the same time point.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that rESWT has the potential to reduce myogenic contracture and muscle atrophy after long-term immobilization in animal model. It is a possible mechanism that changing the low oxygen environment in skeletal muscle through rESWT may inhibit activation of NF-κB/HIF-1α signaling pathway, thereby enhancing the expression of myogenic regulatory factors.
Preoperative anxiety as predictor of clinical events following carotid surgery: a prospective observational study
Authors: Aspalter Manuela , Enzmann Florian K. , Hölzenbein Thomas J. , Hitzl Wolfgang , Primavesi Florian , Algayerova Lucia , Nierlich Patrick , Kartnig Christoph , Seitelberger Reinald , Linni Klaus 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPsychological factors like anxiety and depression are recognized to play a causal role in the development of cardiovascular disease and they may also influence outcome after vascular surgery procedures. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of anxiety and depression with postoperative outcome following elective carotid surgery.MethodsSingle centre prospective observational study of patients treated for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis at an academic vascular surgery centre. Preoperative anxiety and depression were evaluated using self-reporting questionnaires: Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S/-T) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A/-D). Postoperative morbidity and mortality were assessed with the primary composite endpoint of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and death. Standard reporting guidelines for carotid disease were applied.ResultsFrom 06/2012 to 11/2015, 393 patients underwent carotid endarterectomy CEA at our institution. Out of those 109 carotid reconstructions in 98 asymptomatic patients were available for analysis (76% male; median age: 71 years). Median scores of self-reporting questionnaires did not differ from published data of the general population (STAI-T, trait component, median: 36; IQR: 31-42.25; STAI-S, state component, median: 38; IQR: 32–43; HADS-A median: 6; IQR: 3–8; HADS-D median: 4; IQR: 2–7). Cardiovascular risk factors were similar in anxious and non-anxious patients. The composite endpoint of stroke, MI and death occurred significantly more often in patients presenting with a preoperative HADS-A score higher than 6 (95% CI: 7.4–12.1; p = .018). Additionally, the secondary endpoint of cranial nerve injuries was seen significantly more frequently in patients who presented with a higher preoperative STAI-T (p = .021) and STAI-S score (p = .049).ConclusionsThe present study indicates that preoperative anxiety is associated with the occurrence of intra- and postoperative neurological events in patients undergoing CEA. Patients who had a preoperative HADS-A score of 6 or less had a very low probability of experiencing these complications.
Challenges and Opportunities of India’s Micro Small Medium Enterprises in the New Era of Post COVID
Authors: Ranjan Rahul 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This paper examines the possible changes from the new definition of Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in the Manufacturing and Services sector using NSS 73rd round data and Annual Survey of Industry (ASI). The paper further analyses the nature of registered/unregistered enterprises in MSMEs. Analysis reveals that 16.1 percent (3.2 million), 38 percent (16.6 million), and 31.2 percent (19.8 million) enterprises are registered in manufacturing, services, and whole economy respectively. It is worthy to note that share of unregistered enterprises in overall loan taken by the enterprises is only 2 percent, the remaining 98 percent of loan has been provided to registered enterprises. Registered enterprises easily access the loan from the formal channels while unregistered enterprises face problems in accessing loan from the formal channels. The regression result shows that the number of skilled workers, the firm’s registration, modernization, and environmental monitor variables have a positive impact on the MSMEs output value. The large enterprises need to make structural changes with focus on generating employment at a larger scale in order to take advantage of the recent trade war between China and other developing countries. There is a simultaneous scope to promote larger enterprises with MSMEs.
The Prevalence of Human Cytomegalovirus Infection in Children Leukemia by Chip Digital PCR
Authors: Wang Wen-Jun , Feng Miao , He Feng , Song Juan , Song Qin-Qin , Dong Xia , Shi Bing-Tian , Chen Ping , Yao Hai-Lan , Han Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

To establish a method for detecting HCMV viral load to guide clinical treatment by chip digital PCR (cdPCR).
Methods

5.67×106TCID50/ml of HCMV AD169 was serially diluted to evaluate sensitive of cdPCR, HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, EBV, HHV-6 and HHV-7 were used to evaluate the specificity of HCMV cdPCR. HCMV infection were analyzed in 110 children leukemia whole blood by RT-qPCR and cdPCR.
Results

The sensitive of HCMV cdPCR was up to 71 ± 32 copies/ml, which is higher than that of RT-qPCR. HCMV cdPCR did not cross react with other herpesviruses. The cdPCR effectively detected 7 HCMV positive samples, making the laboratory diagnosis rate of HCMV increased by 6.36% (7/110) for children leukemia patients. And the prevalence of HCMV infection increased from 28.18–34.54% in 110 children leukemia patients by cdPCR.
Conclusion

cdPCR is more sensitive to detect viral load than RT-qPCR. The cdPCR may be used to evaluate relationship between viral load and progression of HCMV infection in patients.
An innovative ovine model of severe cardiopulmonary failure supported by veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Heinsar Silver , Jung Jae-Seung , Colombo Sebastiano Maria , Rozencwajg Sacha , Wildi Karin , Sato Kei , Ainola Carmen , Wang Xiaomeng , Abbate Gabriella , Sato Noriko , Dyer Wayne Bruce , Livingstone Samantha Annie , Pimenta Leticia Pretti , Bartnikowski Nicole , Bouquet Mahe Jeannine Patricia , Passmore Margaret , Vidal Bruno , Palmieri Chiara , Reid Janice D , Haqqani Haris M , McGuire Daniel , Wood Emily Susan , Rätsep Indrek , Lorusso Roberto , Suen Jacky Y , Bassi Gianluigi Li , Fraser John F 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background

Refractory cardiogenic shock (CS), frequently complicated by pulmonary failure, often requires veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) to sustain end-organ perfusion. Currently available animal models, such as the coronary ligation model, result in highly variable injury profiles and unacceptably high levels of subsequent ventricular fibrillation, cardiac arrest, and death. As the use of ECMO increases, there is a growing need for a clinically relevant, robust, and titratable model of severe cardiopulmonary failure supported by VA-ECMO.
Methods

Six sheep (60 ± 6 kg) were anaesthetized, intubated and mechanically ventilated. VA-ECMO was initially carried out at a flow rate of 1 L/min. CS was induced through 1-mL left ventricle myocardial injections of 96% ethanol and confirmed when systolic blood pressure (SBP) was < 90 mmHg and lactate > 4 mmol/L. Then, pulmonary failure was confirmed when PaO2 was < 60 mmHg through substantial decrease in the ventilatory support. Thereafter, VA-ECMO support was increased to obtain a mean arterial pressure of 65 mmHg. Echocardiography and cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) analysis were performed at baseline, upon CS confirmation, establishment of pulmonary failure and hourly thereafter. After 5h, the animals were euthanised and the heart collected for histological and macroscopic assessment.
Results

Ethanol (58 ± 23 mL) rapidly induced CS in all animals. cTnI levels increased near 5000-fold. SBP decreased from 97 ± 18 mmHg at baseline to 67 ± 14 mmHg upon CS, and lactate from 1.4 ± 0.8 to 4.7 ± 0.9 mmol/L, respectively. Echocardiography studies demonstrated a decrease in the left ventricular fractional area change from 34 ± 9% upon baseline to 16 ± 7% after CS. Analysis of myocardial tissue samples corroborated extensive cellular necrosis and inflammatory infiltrates.
Conclusions

We present a novel titratable model of severe cardiopulmonary failure in animal on VA-ECMO, through intramyocardial ethanol injections and reduction in ventilatory support. This model could be essential to further characterize left-sided heart failure and develop future treatments.