bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change‐driven disease in sympatric hosts: Temporal dynamics of parasite burden and proliferative kidney disease in wild brown trout and Atlantic salmon
Authors: Lauringson Magnus , Nousiainen Ilkka , Kahar Siim , Burimski Oksana , Gross Riho , Kaart Tanel , Vasemägi Anti 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGlobal climate change is altering the abundance and spread of various parasites, which has important consequences not only for host–parasite interactions but also for the relationships between different host species. Here, we focus on the myxozoan endoparasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae that causes temperature‐dependent proliferative kidney disease (PKD) in salmonids. We characterized the temporal changes in the parasite load and the severity of PKD signs (renal hyperplasia, haematocrit) in two sympatric populations of wild brown trout (Salmo trutta) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We found that both the parasite load and disease signs vary considerably between individuals, species, rivers and sampling periods. We showed that Atlantic salmon was able to slow down the initial parasite proliferation rate and subsequently tolerate high parasite burden without obvious disease signs. In contrast, the initial parasite proliferation rate was much higher in brown trout, which was followed by the development of severe PKD signs. Thus, the speed of parasite proliferation, rather than the absolute number of the parasites in the host kidney, may play an important role in interspecific variation in PKD susceptibility. To conclude, this study illustrates the usefulness of temporal perspective for understanding host defence mechanisms and climate change‐mediated impacts in the wild.
Artificial intelligence in pancreaticobiliary endoscopy
Authors: Akshintala Venkata S , Khashab Mouen A 
Published: January 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) applications in health care have exponentially increased in recent years, and a few of these are related to pancreatobiliary disorders. AI‐based methods were applied to extract information, in prognostication, to guide clinical treatment decisions and in pancreatobiliary endoscopy to characterize lesions. AI applications in endoscopy are expected to reduce inter‐operator variability, improve the accuracy of diagnosis, and assist in therapeutic decision‐making in real time. AI‐based literature must however be interpreted with caution given the limited external validation. A multidisciplinary approach combining clinical and imaging or endoscopy data will better utilize AI‐based technologies to further improve patient care.
Novel mouse model for cholestasis‐induced liver fibrosis resolution by cholecystojejunostomy
Authors: Yoshino Kenji , Taura Kojiro , Iwaisako Keiko , Masano Yuki , Uemoto Yusuke , Kimura Yusuke , Nam Nguyen Hai , Nishino Hiroto , Ikeno Yoshinobu , Okuda Yukihiro , Nishio Takahiro , Yamamoto Gen , Seo Satoru , Uemoto Shinji 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground and AimStudies on the resolution of liver fibrosis are becoming more important in this era of etiologic eradication. In contrast to the extensive research on the recovery of liver fibrosis induced by hepatotoxic injuries, regression of cholestatic liver fibrosis has been insufficiently examined owing to the limited availability of animal models.MethodsWe examined our novel recanalization mice model of biliary obstruction, involving anastomosis between the gallbladder and jejunum (G–J anastomosis) by invagination. Transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under the collagen 1(α)1 promoter underwent G–J anastomosis 14 days after bile duct ligation (BDL) and were sacrificed 14 days later.ResultsTransaminase and total bilirubin levels decreased to almost normal values on day 14 after G–J anastomosis. G–J anastomosis resulted in dramatic reversal of liver fibrosis induced by BDL. Activated portal fibroblasts (PFs) double‐positive for GFP and Thy‐1 on immunofluorescence in the liver of BDL‐injured mice became less noticeable following G–J anastomosis. Messenger RNA expression of markers for activated PFs in the liver was downregulated after anastomosis. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) were induced by BDL. After anastomosis, expressions of MMP‐3, 8 as well as hepatocyte growth factor were further upregulated, whereas those of TIMP‐1 and TIMP‐3 were markedly downregulated.ConclusionsOur established G–J anastomosis model is associated with fibrosis resolution and reduced PF activation through reopening of bile duct obstruction and will be valuable for studying the recovery process of cholestatic liver fibrosis.
Antidopaminergic‐Antiparkinsonian Medication Prescribing Cascade in Persons with Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Singh Sonal , Cocoros Noelle M. , Haynes Kevin , Nair Vinit P. , Harkins Thomas P. , Rochon Paula A. , Platt Richard , Dashevsky Inna , Reynolds Juliane , Mazor Kathleen M. , Bloomstone Sarah , Anzuoni Kathryn , Crawford Sybil L. , Gurwitz Jerry H. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectivesPersons living with Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be at increased risk for prescribing cascades due to greater multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and the need for more complex care. Our objective was to assess the proportion of the antidopaminergic‐antiparkinsonian medication prescribing cascades among persons living with Alzheimer's disease.SettingTwo large administrative claims databases in the United States.ParticipantsWe identified patients aged ≥50 on January 1, 2017, who were dispensed a drug used to treat Alzheimer's disease for at least 1 day in the 365 days prior to or on cohort entry date and who had medical and pharmacy coverage in the 365 days prior to the cohort entry date. We excluded individuals with a recent institutional stay. We identified incident antidopaminergic (antipsychotic/metoclopramide) use in the 183 days following cohort entry and identified subsequent incident antiparkinsonian drug use within 8 to 365 days.ResultsThere were 121,538 patients with Alzheimer's disease eligible for inclusion. Approximately 62% were women with a mean age of 79.5 (SD ± 8.6). The mean number of drugs dispensed was 9.2 (SD ± 4.9). There were 36 incident antiparkinsonian users among 4,534 incident antipsychotic/metoclopramide users (0.8%).ConclusionWe determined that the proportion of antidopaminergic‐antiparkinsonian medication prescribing cascades, widely considered as high‐priority, was low. Our approach can be used to assess the proportion of prescribing cascades in populations considered to be at high risk and to prioritize system‐level interventional efforts to improve medication safety in these patients.
Comprehensive identification of lysine 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylated proteins in Ustilaginoidea virens reveals the involvement of lysine 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation in fungal virulence
Authors: Chen Xiaoyang , Li Xiabing , Li Pingping , Chen Xiaolin , Liu Hao , Huang Junbin , Luo Chaoxi , Hsiang Tom , Zheng Lu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLysine 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) is a newly identified post‐translational modification (PTM) that plays important roles in transcription and cell proliferation in eukaryotes. However, its function remains unknown in phytopathogenic fungi. Here, we performed a comprehensive assessment of Khib in the rice false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens, using Tandem Mass Tag (TMT)‐based quantitative proteomics approach. A total of 3 426 Khib sites were identified in 977 proteins, suggesting that Khib is a common and complex PTM in U. virens. Our data demonstrated that the 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylated proteins are involved in diverse biological processes. Network analysis of the modified proteins revealed a highly interconnected protein network that included many well‐studied virulence factors. We confirmed that the Zn‐binding reduced potassium dependency3‐type histone deacetylase (UvRpd3) is a major enzyme that removes 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation and acetylation in U. virens. Notably, mutations of Khib sites in the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) UvSlt2 significantly reduced fungal virulence and decreased the enzymatic activity of UvSlt2. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that 2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation in UvSlt2 increased the hydrophobic solvent‐accessible surface area and thereby affected binding between the UvSlt2 enzyme and its substrates. Our findings thus establish Khib as a major post‐translational modification in U. virens and point to an important role for Khib in the virulence of this phytopathogenic fungus.
Medical conditions of children and young people with Down syndrome
Authors: Valentini D. , Di Camillo C. , Mirante N. , Vallogini G. , Olivini N. , Baban A. , Buzzonetti L. , Galeotti A. , Raponi M. , Villani A. 
Published: January 2021

AbtractBackgroundThe life expectancy of people with Down syndrome (DS) has significantly increased in the last decades. We describe the congenital malformations and main comorbidities of a cohort of children and young people with DS and analyse their differences according to age and gender groups.MethodsThis retrospective cross‐sectional study was conducted at DS centre of Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital in Rome (Italy). The period for reviewing all electronic health records ran from July 2016 to September 2017. We collected data on clinical conditions and compared them with the general paediatric population. Moreover, we compared the main comorbidities, dental diseases and body mass index data between age groups.ResultsSeven hundred sixty‐three children and young people with DS included in this study were aged 7.45 ± 5.49 years. Gender distribution included 58.19% male patients. The majority of our population (71.04%) came from central regions of Italy. Respiratory diseases (19%), congenital heart defects (72.23%), malocclusions (58.62%), astigmatism (20.31%), farsightedness (16.51%), near‐sightedness (12.19%) and autoimmune hypothyroidism (3.28%) were more frequent in our population compared with the typical paediatric population. Upper respiratory tract infections and underweight were significantly more frequent in the youngest children, whereas dental diseases, refractive errors, obesity and autoimmune hypothyroidism increased over age.ConclusionsChildren and young people with DS present a high prevalence of potentially treatable medical conditions making multidisciplinary teams a mandatory need for this population.
An exploratory study of self‐reported complicated grief symptoms in parentally bereaved adults with intellectual disability
Authors: Dodd P. , McEvoy J. , Lockhart K. , Burke T. , O'Keeffe L. , Guerin S. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundComplicated grief involves the experience of grief‐related symptoms at a time, and severity, beyond which could be considered adaptive, while persistent complex bereavement disorder (PCBD) has been identified as a condition that requires further study in the typical population. The aims of this study are to (1) explore the symptoms of complicated grief associated with parental bereavement as self‐reported by adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs) who have experienced a parental bereavement and (2) conduct an initial examination of how the existing criteria for PCBD apply to this group.MethodsThis study uses a comparative group design, assessing self and staff (proxy) reports for a group of parentally bereaved individuals and a matched group of non‐bereaved individuals using the Complicated Grief Questionnaire – ID Self‐Report. Participants were 46 individuals with ID, 30 (65%) of whom who had experienced a parental bereavement within the previous 2 years. The age range was 23–67 years (mean = 43.8; SD = 10.3).ResultsThe results highlight the presence of a range of symptoms of complicated grief in individuals' self‐reports, although there was some evidence that separation distress‐related symptoms were more apparent. An analysis of individual symptoms showed patterns of higher reports among the bereaved group as would be expected. Comparing staff and self‐reports, key criteria showed higher levels in self‐reports among the bereaved group.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated the capacity of people with ID to self‐report personal experience of symptoms of complicated grief, when appropriate and accessible assessment tools are used. Some symptoms were more evident among bereaved individuals (compared with non‐bereaved participants), and they tended to be from separation distress criteria. This may indicate the relevance of these symptoms for people with ID and question the existing criteria for PCBD in this population, which may have clinical implications for supporting people with ID experiencing a more complicated bereavement response.
Comparison of energy intake assessed by image‐assisted food records to doubly labelled water in adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a feasibility study
Authors: Ptomey L. T. , Willis E. A. , Reitmeier K. , Dreyer Gillette M. L. , Sherman J. R. , Sullivan D. K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are currently no validated methods for energy intake assessment in adolescents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of collecting 3‐day image‐assisted food records (IARs) and doubly labelled water (TDEEDLW) data in adolescents with IDD and to obtain preliminary estimates of validity and reliability for energy intake estimated by IAR.MethodsAdolescents with IDD completed a 14‐day assessment of mean daily energy expenditure using doubly labelled water. Participants were asked to complete 3‐day IARs twice during the 14‐day period. To complete the IAR, participants were asked to fill out a hard copy food record over three consecutive days (two weekdays/one weekend day) and to take before and after digital images of all foods and beverages consumed using an iPad tablet provided by the study. Energy intake from the IAR was calculated using Nutrition Data System for Research. Mean differences, intraclass correlations and Bland–Altman limits of agreement were performed.ResultsNineteen adolescents with IDD, mean age 15.1 years, n = 6 (31.6%) female and n = 6 (31.6%) ethnic/racial minorities, enrolled in the trial. Participants successfully completed their 3‐day food records and self‐collected doubly labelled water urine samples for 100% of required days. Images were captured for 67.4 ± 30.1% of all meals recorded at assessment 1 and 72.3 ± 29.5% at assessment 2. The energy intake measured by IAR demonstrated acceptable test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation = 0.70). On average, IAR underestimated total energy intake by −299 ± 633 kcal/day (mean per cent error = −9.6 ± 22.2%); however, there was a large amount of individual variability in differences between the IAR and TDEEDLW (range = −1703 to 430).ConclusionsThe collection of IAR and TDEEDLW is feasible in adolescents with IDD. While future validation studies are needed, the preliminary estimates obtained by this study suggest that in adolescents with IDD, the IAR method has acceptable reliability and may underestimate energy intake by ~9%.
Relational teletherapy experiences of couple and family therapy trainees: “Reading the room,” exhaustion, and the comforts of home
Authors: Heiden‐Rootes Katie , Ferber Megan , Meyer Dixie , Zubatsky Max , Wittenborn Andrea 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCouple and family therapists are increasingly using telehealth platforms to deliver services. Unfortunately, the literature on relational teletherapy is not well developed. This study sought to understand experiences of teletherapy with couples and families as it contrasts with individual clients and in‐person therapy. We utilized a hermeneutic phenomenological approach to qualitative inquiry from data collected through open‐ended questions on a web‐based survey of graduate student trainees (n = 66) in COAMFTE‐accredited couple and family therapy programs. Thematic analysis identified the body‐of‐the‐therapist and client as they exist (and are obstructed) due to technology for creating barriers and opportunities in translating CFT intervention to telehealth platforms. Relational teletherapy cultivated therapist creativity and exhaustion. It also made plain the need for systemic interventions with children and adolescents that engages their parents and home environments. Implications for CFT practice, training, and intervention research are outlined.
Lay rater evaluation of naturalness and first impression following treatment of lower face wrinkles with hyaluronic acid fillers
Authors: Dayan Steven , Fabi Sabrina , Nogueira Alessandra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers formulated with XpresHAn TechnologyTM were subjectively assessed by investigators and subjects.AimsTo test whether treatment with HA dermal fillers (HARR and HARD) deemed natural by injectors and subjects are considered natural by the public and receive positive first impressions.MethodsVideos of open‐smile expressions of subjects at baseline to Day 42 were assessed by “lay raters” (n = 3004) who indicated agreement with “Face looks natural” and first impressions using Likert‐type scales.ResultsNaturalness of facial appearance was noninferior at Day 42 compared with baseline. Assessments of first impression demonstrated statistically significant changes from baseline in overall first impression, social skills, dating success, attractiveness, and athletic success. Rater gender and age did not affect scores. Subgroup analysis found three groups had significant positive changes: those aged ≤ 55 years, subjects with natural outcome, and those that received more than 4 mL of filler. Subjects without a natural outcome had a significant negative change.ConclusionsTreatment with HA facial fillers, HARR and HARD, produces outcomes deemed natural by injectors, subjects, and the public. While subjective, this study demonstrates that clinicians should aim for a “natural outcome” that receives optimal first impressions from the public.
Clinical debriefing: A concept analysis
Authors: Toews Andrea J. , Martin Donna E. , Chernomas Wanda M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesThe purpose of this paper is to enhance nursing and collaborative practice by presenting a concept analysis of clinical debriefing and introducing an operational definition.BackgroundDebriefing has taken many forms, using a variety of approaches. Variations and inconsistencies in clinical debriefing, and its related terms, still exist in the clinical setting.DesignConcept analysis.MethodsWalker and Avant's eight‐step approach to concept analysis.ResultsThe defining attributes of clinical debriefing identified in this analysis are described as the five E’s: educated/experienced facilitator, environment, education, evaluation and emotions. Antecedents identified in this analysis include the critical event, the desire or need to review such an event and the organizational awareness to execute clinical debriefs. The consequences of clinical debriefings are primarily advantageous and positively impact involved nurses, healthcare teams, patients and organizations. Empirical referents of clinical debriefing are complex and multifactorial. The productivity of a clinical debrief can be enhanced through a series of proposed questions. Together, the defining attributes, antecedents and consequences shape a proposed operational definition of clinical debriefing.ConclusionClinical debriefing is a valuable tool within healthcare organizations. Debriefing can be a holistic, interprofessional, collaborative experience when all five defining attributes are present. Further investigation is required to standardise debriefing practices in clinical settings.Relevance to clinical practiceA concept analysis on clinical debriefing promotes uniformity of debriefing practices, reflective practice among nurses and healthcare teams, and contributes to nursing science by creating a platform for the development of practice standards, research and theory development.
Hospice palliative care nurses’ perceptions of spiritual care and their spiritual care competence: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Kang Kyung‐Ah , Chun Jiyoung , Kim Hyun Yong , Kim Hyeon‐Young 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo understand hospice palliative care nurses’ (HPCNs) perceptions towards spiritual care and their competence to provide spiritual care.BackgroundPrevious research has shown that many nurses lack a clear understanding of the concept of spirituality and feel inadequately prepared to assess patients’ spiritual needs. Studies on competence in spiritual care are mostly descriptive, and the evidence for improving it is limited.DesignA mixed‐methods research design was used.MethodsQuantitative data were collected from 282 nurses in forty hospice palliative care (HPC) institutions in South Korea and analysed using descriptive statistics, independent t‐test, one‐way ANOVA with Bonferroni test and multiple regression. Qualitative data collection involved two stages: first, an open‐ended question posed to 282 nurses, and second, focus group interviews conducted with six HPC experts. Both qualitative data sets were analysed separately using content analysis. This study followed the GRAMMS guidelines.ResultsOf the six dimensions of spiritual care competence (SCC), the mean scores were highest in ‘attitude towards the patient's spirituality’ and ‘communication’, whereas the ‘assessment and implementation of spiritual care’ and ‘professionalisation and improving the quality of spiritual care’ had the lowest mean scores. Through content analysis, 4 themes regarding the meaning of spiritual care, 3 themes regarding requirements for spiritual care and 2 themes regarding preparedness for spiritual care were revealed. They perceived the needs of the understanding of spiritual care based on the attributes of spirituality, the education in systematic assessments and implementation for spiritual care with standardised terminology, and the opportunity to reflect on nurses’ own spirituality.ConclusionsPractical SCC training for HPCNs and the subsequent development of clinical practice guidelines are of vital importance.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results of this study provide a useful resource to develop educational programmes for strengthening the SCC of nurses and the entire HPC team.