bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A different perspective on the vev insertion approximation for electroweak baryogenesis
Authors: Postma Marieke 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the vev insertion approximation (VIA) the spacetime dependent part of the mass matrix is treated as a perturbation. We calculate the source terms for baryogenesis expanding both the self-energy and propagator to first order in mass insertions, which gives the same results as the usual approach of calculating the self-energy at second order and using zeroth order propagators. This procedure shows explicitly the equivalence between including the mass in the free or in the interaction Lagrangian. The VIA source then originates from the same term in the kinetic equation as the semi-classical source, but at leading order in the derivative expansion (the expansion in diamond operators). On top, another type of derivative expansion is done, which we estimate to be valid for a bubble width larger than the inverse thermal width. This cuts off the divergence in the VIA source in the limit that the thermal width vanishes.
Kritische Auseinandersetzung mit neuen Daten zur Prävalenz von Opioidgebrauchsstörungen bei Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen in Deutschland
Authors: Just Johannes , Petzke F. , Scherbaum N. , Radbruch L. , Weckbecker K. , Häuser W. 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Es gibt keine Opioidkrise in Deutschland. Neue Studien mit Nichttumorpatienten mit chronischen Schmerzen (CNTS) in Deutschland zeigen jedoch eine unerwartet hohe Prävalenz von Opioidgebrauchsstörungen nach Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Psychiatric Diseases 5 (DSM-5).

Ziel der Arbeit
Kritische Diskussion neuer Studienergebnisse zur Prävalenz von Opioidgebrauchsstörungen bei Schmerzpatienten in Deutschland.

Material und Methoden
Selektive Literaturrecherche und multiprofessionelle Einordnung der Ergebnisse durch Expertenrunde (Schmerztherapie, Neurologie, Psychiatrie, Palliativmedizin, Allgemeinmedizin und Suchttherapie).

Ergebnisse
Die Kriterien für die Diagnose „Opioidgebrauchsstörung“ des DSM‑5 sind auf Patienten mit CNTS nur eingeschränkt anwendbar, können aber für problematisches Verhalten sensibilisieren. Hierbei ist die Diagnose Opioidgebrauchsstörung nicht mit der Diagnose einer Substanzabhängigkeit nach ICD-10 gleichzusetzen, da die Diagnose nach DSM‑5 ein deutlich breiteres Spektrum abdeckt (mild, moderat, schwer). Risikofaktoren für eine Opioidgebrauchsstörung sind jüngeres Alter, depressive Störungen, somatoforme Störungen und hohe Opioidtagesdosen. Die interdisziplinäre Leitlinie zur Langzeitanwendung von Opioiden bei chronischen nichttumorbedingten Schmerzen (LONTS) enthält Empfehlungen, welche das Risiko für eine Opioidgebrauchsstörung reduzieren sollen.

Diskussion
Eine Anpassung der DSM-5-Diagnosekriterien der Opioidgebrauchsstörung an die besondere Situation von Patienten mit CNTS und eine Validierung dieser Kriterien könnte helfen, in der Zukunft genauere Daten zu Opioidgebrauchsstörungen von Patienten mit chronischen Schmerzen in Deutschland zu erheben. Verordner sollten für diese Problematik sensibilisiert werden, ohne die Patienten zu pathologisieren oder gar zu stigmatisieren. Weitere Forschung zur Einordnung dieses bisher unterschätzten Phänomens ist notwendig.
Robust Group Synchronization via Cycle-Edge Message Passing
Authors: Lerman Gilad , Shi Yunpeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe propose a general framework for solving the group synchronization problem, where we focus on the setting of adversarial or uniform corruption and sufficiently small noise. Specifically, we apply a novel message passing procedure that uses cycle consistency information in order to estimate the corruption levels of group ratios and consequently solve the synchronization problem in our setting. We first explain why the group cycle consistency information is essential for effectively solving group synchronization problems. We then establish exact recovery and linear convergence guarantees for the proposed message passing procedure under a deterministic setting with adversarial corruption. These guarantees hold as long as the ratio of corrupted cycles per edge is bounded by a reasonable constant. We also establish the stability of the proposed procedure to sub-Gaussian noise. We further establish exact recovery with high probability under a common uniform corruption model.
Modelling the effect of partial resistance on epidemics of downy mildew of grapevine
Authors: Bove Federica , Savary Serge , Willocquet Laetitia , Rossi Vittorio 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe cultivation of grape varieties with partial resistance to disease may become an important component for disease management in the future. The impact of partial resistance on downy mildew epidemics according to its components have not been explored so far. This work aims to model, understand, and quantitatively analyse the effect of partial resistance against dual disease epidemics (foliage and clusters) caused by Plasmopara viticola, and rank the efficiency of different resistance components in disease suppression. We use an epidemiological simulation model to integrate the effect of four components of partial resistance, expressed as relative resistance parameters, i.e. infection efficiency (RRIE), latency period (RRLP), sporulation (RRSP), and infectious period (RRIP). Both the individual and combined effect of these components of resistance on downy mildew epidemics are evaluated through a sensitivity analysis. A comparison of simulation runs in different scenarios of disease conduciveness using experimental measurements of components of partial resistance for 16 different grapevine varieties is also performed. Increasing values of RR parameters led to a suppression of disease progress on foliage. The strongest reduction of epidemics on foliage is generated by increases in RRIE, followed by RRSP, RRIP, and last by RRLP. The effect of partial resistance on epidemics is more conspicuous in a scenario of limited disease conduciveness. The strongest suppressive effect of simulated epidemics on clusters is associated with RRIE, and the lowest effect with RRLP, with similar effects of increasing values of RRIP and RRSP. The use of experimentally measured relative resistance parameters to run simulated epidemics shows a reduction of the area under the disease progress curve from 4 × 105 (on a susceptible reference grapevine variety) to 4 × 102 (on cv. Bronner), i.e. a reduction of disease by 1000. The simulation of the varietal effect in intermediate and less favourable scenarios of disease conduciveness strongly suppresses the epidemic on foliage and limits disease on clusters to very low levels. Deploying partial host plant resistance in environments that are not strongly conducive to downy mildew epidemics could represent an effective use of partial resistance.
Single-state state machines in model-driven software engineering: an exploratory study
Authors: Yang Nan , Cuijpers Pieter , Schiffelers Ramon , Lukkien Johan , Serebrenik Alexander 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Context
Models, as the main artifact in model-driven engineering, have been extensively used in the area of embedded systems for code generation and verification. One of the most popular behavioral modeling techniques is the state machine. Many state machine modeling guidelines recommend that a state machine should have more than one state in order to be meaningful. However, single-state state machines (SSSMs) violating this recommendation have been used in modeling cases reported in the literature.

Objective
We aim for understanding the phenomenon of using SSSMs in practice as understanding why developers violate the modeling guidelines is the first step towards improvement of modeling tools and practice.

Method
To study the phenomenon, we conducted an exploratory study which consists of two complementary studies. The first study investigated the prevalence and role of SSSMs in the domain of embedded systems, as well as the reasons why developers use them and their perceived advantages and disadvantages. We employed the sequential explanatory strategy, including repository mining and interview, to study 1500 state machines from 26 components at ASML, a leading company in manufacturing lithography machines from the semiconductor industry. In the second study, we investigated the evolutionary aspects of SSSMs, exploring when SSSMs are introduced to the systems and how developers modify them by mining the largest state-machine-based component from the company.

Results
We observe that 25 out of 26 components contain SSSMs. Our interviews suggest that SSSMs are used to interface with the existing code, to deal with tool limitations, to facilitate maintenance and to ease verification. Our study on the evolutionary aspects of SSSMs reveals that the need for SSSMs to deal with tool limitations grew continuously over the years. Moreover, only a minority of SSSMs have been changed between SSSM and multiple-state state machine (MSSM) during their evolution. The most frequent modifications developers made to SSSMs is inserting events with constraints on the execution of the events.

Conclusions
Based on our results, we provide implications for developers and tool builders. Furthermore, we formulate hypotheses about the effectiveness of SSSMs, the impacts of SSSMs on development, maintenance and verification as well as the evolution of SSSMs.
Digital Navigator on the Seas of the Selden Map of China: Sequential Least-Cost Path Analysis Using Dynamic Wind Data
Authors: Perttola Wesa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDuring the age of sail-powered ships, the maritime trade networks of Southeast Asia were highly cyclical in nature due to the biannually switching wind directions of the East Asian Monsoon. The Selden Map of China provides us with a glimpse of these connections in the early seventeenth century, and it is drawn in a unique way that allows the sailing durations between ports to be measured. In this paper, a novel method of simulating directed sail-powered voyages is developed. The method utilizes ArcGIS Pro’s functionality through Python macros, and unlike the previous least-cost path (LCP) sailing models, it is based on sequential LCP analysis using dynamic real-time series wind data. The optimized routes and sailing durations generated by the macros are then compared against the Selden map. In general, the model performs reasonably well in favourable winds, but is unable to simulate tacking properly in adverse conditions. The results allow the visualization of wind patterns in terms of time spent at sea and demonstrate the inherent natural rhythm of maritime movement and trade in the South China Sea region. The macros are freely available and can be modified to simulate directed sailing in other time periods, localities, and environmental settings.
Altitude and early child growth in 47 countries
Authors: Shively Gerald , Schmiess Jacob 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe relationship between altitude of residence and child linear growth is studied using data for 630,499 children below age 5 years born between 1992 and 2016, as recorded in 47 countries at elevations ranging from − 377 to 4498 m above sea level. Regressions are used to measure the role of household, community, and environmental factors in explaining an observed altitude effect on linear growth. Controlling for birth year and country effects, and a range of factors correlated with altitude and associated with nutrition outcomes, for each 1000 m gain in elevation, height for age z score (HAZ) declines by 0.195 points on average. Country-specific estimates of the association vary and include positive associations. Results highlight the potential links between developmental risks for children and features of their physical environment.
The role of individual audit partners for narrative disclosures
Authors: Mauritz Christoph , Nienhaus Martin , Oehler Christopher 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe analyze the extent to which individual audit partners influence the audited narrative disclosures in their clients’ financial reports. Using a sample of 3,281,423 private and public client firm-pairs, we find that the similarity among audited narrative disclosures is higher when two client firms share the same audit partner. Specifically, we find that the wording similarity of management reports (notes) increases by 30 (48) percent, the content similarity by 29 (49) percent, and the structure similarity by 48 (121) percent. Moreover, we find that audit partners in particular are relevant for their clients’ narrative disclosures because the increase in narrative disclosure similarity when sharing the same audit partner is nine (four) times greater than when sharing the same audit firm (audit office). We show that this influence of audit partners goes beyond adding boilerplate statements and, using novel field evidence, we shed light on the underlying mechanisms. Our findings are economically relevant because a stronger involvement of audit partners with their clients’ narratives is associated with a higher quality of narrative disclosures, which helps users better predict the future profitability of client firms.
Effects of Government Contracting of Services on NGOs in China: Convergence and Divergence with International Experience
Authors: Enjuto Martinez Regina , Qu Yuanyuan , Howell Jude 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe government of the Communist Party of China (CPC) rolled out a national policy to contract out social and welfare services to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in 2013. This study explores how government contracting of services affects NGOs. We examine three areas: marketization, financial dependency, and autonomy. We find significant convergence of the effects of contracting on NGOs in China with NGOs’ experiences in liberal democratic countries, despite divergent political regimes. Found effects are explained by the combination of the authoritarian government of the CPC with the neoliberal governance structures introduced by contracting. Convergence with international experience despite divergent political regimes is attributed to the neoliberal essence of the policy of contracting of services.
First Inventory of Access and Quality of Metabolic Surgery Across Europe
Authors: Sinclair Piriyah , Vijgen Guy H. E. J. , Aarts Edo O. , Van Nieuwenhove Yves , Maleckas Almantas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Europe consists of 51 independent countries. Variation in healthcare regulations results in differing challenges faced by patients and professionals. This study aimed to gain more insight into the accessibility, patient pathway and quality indicators of metabolic and body contouring surgery.

Methods and Materials
Expert representatives in the metabolic field from all 51 countries were sent an electronic self-administered online questionnaire on their data and experiences from the previous year exploring accessibility to and quality indicators for metabolic surgery and plastic surgery after weight loss.

Results
Forty-five responses were collected. Sixty-eight percent of countries had eligibility criteria for metabolic surgery; 59% adhered to the guidelines. Forty-six percent had reimbursement criteria for metabolic surgery. Forty-one percent had eligibility criteria for plastic surgery and 31% reimbursement criteria. Average tariffs for a metabolic procedure varied € 800 to 16,000. MDTs were mandated in 78%, with team members varying significantly. Referral practices differed. In 45%, metabolic surgery is performed by pure metabolic surgeons, whilst re-operations were performed by a metabolic surgeon in 28%. A metabolic training programme was available in 23%. Access to metabolic surgery was rated poor to very poor in 33%. Thirty-five percent had a bariatric registry. Procedure numbers and numbers of hospitals performing metabolic surgery varied significantly. Twenty-four percent of countries required a minimum procedure number for metabolic centres, which varied from 25 to 200 procedures.

Conclusion
There are myriad differences between European countries in terms of accessibility to and quality indicators of metabolic surgery. Lack of funding, education and structure fuels this disparity. Criteria should be standardised across Europe with clear guidelines.

Graphical abstract
Meta-analysis of Long-Term Relapse Rate of Type 2 Diabetes Following Initial Remission After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Yu Zhiqing , Li Peiwu , Li Peirong , Zhang Haidan , Zhang Youcheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aims to determine the long-term relapse rate of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) following initial remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. We searched studies in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. A total of 17 eligible studies were included for analysis. Meta-analysis suggested a pooled long-term relapse rate of 0.30 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26–0.34) and a remission rate of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.55–0.72) after RYGB and a hazard ratio of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.66–0.81) for comparison of RYGB and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Subgroup analyses established pooled results. This study suggested RYGB may be a preferred regime for obese patients with T2DM because it is associated with lower long-term relapse and relatively higher initial remission and was also superior to SG due to lower risk of recurrence.
Graphical Abstract
Psychological Distress in Erectile Dysfunction: The Moderating Role of Attachment
Authors: Maestre-Lorén Francesc , Castillo-Garayoa José A. , López-i-Martín Xavier , Sarquella-Geli Joaquim , Andrés Ana , Cifre Ignacio 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Introduction
In clinical consultations, men with erectile dysfunction do not always express personal, sexual, and interpersonal concerns.

Aim
We explore whether the attenuated impact of erectile dysfunction may be explained by a regulation of negative affect that causes activation of the attachment system.

Methods
The study sample consisted of 69 men diagnosed with erectile dysfunction, mean (SD) age 56 (10.83) years. Participants completed self-reported questionnaires to assess erectile dysfunction severity, attachment style, sexual satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, and psychological symptoms.

Main Outcome Measure
The moderating role of attachment between erectile dysfunction and sexual satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, and psychological distress was evaluated using multiple linear regression and moderation analysis.

Results
All men in the sample had high attachment avoidance, distributed between the dismissive-avoidant (69.6%) and fearful-avoidant (30.4%) substyles, but low levels of psychological symptoms. Despite their erectile dysfunction, 27 patients (39.1%) rated their sexual life as satisfactory, and 46 (66.7%) rated their relationship with their partner as satisfactory. Men with fearful-avoidant attachment reported feeling more sexual desire and less sexual satisfaction than men with dismissive-avoidant attachment. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that sexual satisfaction variance was explained by erectile dysfunction severity, attachment anxiety, and relationship satisfaction scores. Moderation analysis showed that attachment anxiety, but not relationship satisfaction, moderated the impact of erectile dysfunction on sexual satisfaction.

Conclusion
The avoidance dimension of attachment, which tends to be high in patients with erectile dysfunction, involves deactivation of the sexual system in an effort to minimize the emotional distress associated with erectile dysfunction, which damages sexual and relationship intimacy and delays the decision to obtain professional help. The presence of high attachment avoidance and the moderating value of attachment anxiety allow us to propose specific treatments for these men.
Maestre-Lorén F, Castillo-Garayoa JA, López-i-Martín X, et al. Psychological Distress in Erectile Dysfunction: The Moderating Role of Attachment. Sex Med 2021;9:100436.
DORSAL Plication Technique for the Treatment of Congenital Ventral Penile Curvature: Long-Term Outcomes of 72 Cases
Authors: Akdemir Fatih , Kayıgil Önder , Okulu Emrah 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundA total of 78 patients aged 11 to 17 years were diagnosed with congenital ventral penile curvature and underwent surgery with the dorsal plication technique between 2005 and 2014.AimTo investigate the long-term outcomes of 72 patients who underwent dorsal penile plication for the treatment of congenital ventral penile curvature without hypospadias.MethodsIn all cases, the intervascular space between the deep dorsal vein and dorsal artery was dissected, and tunical plication was carried out with non-absorbable 3-0 polyamide sutures and the complication and satisfaction rates of the patients were determined in the postoperative seventh year.OutcomesAt the final postoperative follow-up, the patients’ satisfaction with the operation was found to be 95.8%.RESULTSShortening of the penis (0.5-1 cm) in five cases, recurrence with less than a 20-degree curvature in two cases, palpable sutures in two cases was observed and no patients reported erectile dysfunction.Strengths & LimitationsThe limitations of our study can be considered as the absence of pharmacological erection in the preoperative evaluation, failure to evaluate penile length at the last postoperative follow-up due to the continued development of the penis, inability to evaluate erectile function at the beginning, postoperative erectile capacity being assessed in only some of the operated cases, all operations being performed by a single surgeon in the same center, and the absence of standardized questionnaires for postoperative satisfaction or adverse events.CONCLUSIONAccording to the results of this study, dorsal plication is a relatively simple method with a low risk and high success rate for the treatment of congenital ventral penile curvatures.
Association between different types of plant-based diet and dyslipidaemia in Korean adults
Authors: Shin Nara , Kim Jihye 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the association between the different types of plant-based diets and dyslipidaemia in Korean adults using data from the nationally representative sample. Using the 2012–2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey data, a total of 14 167 adults (≥19 years old) participated in this study. Dietary intake was assessed by a semi-quantitative FFQ. Three different plant-based diet indices (overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI)), were calculated. Dyslipidaemia and its components (hypertriacylglycerolaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, low HDL-cholesterol, high LDL-cholesterol, use of anti-hyperlipidaemia agent) were measured. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between plant-based diet and dyslipidaemia and individual lipid disorders. Totally, 47% of overall population had dyslipidaemia. Individual in the highest quintile of uPDI had 22% greater odds of dyslipidaemia (95 % CI 1·05, 1·41) and 48 % higher odds of hypertriacylglycerolaemia (95 % CI 1·21, 1·81) and 16% higher odds of low HDL-cholesterol (OR: 1·16, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·35) than those in the lowest quintile of uPDI. PDI was associated with 16 % higher odds of low HDL-cholesterol, and hPDI was associated with 25% lower odds of high LDL-cholesterol. However, neither PDI nor hPDI was significantly associated with the prevalence of dyslipidaemia. Greater adherence to unhealthful plant-based diets was associated with greater odds of the dyslipidaemia and its components suggesting the importance of the quality of plant-based diet in South Korean adults for dyslipidaemia prevention.