bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed production and grow-out of yellow catfish in China.
Authors: Wang Wei-min 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Broodstock of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) is collected from lakes or local fish farms, either in the autumn or at least 3 months before the onset of the spring spawning season, and stocked in earthen ponds. Broodstock should have a robust body, be free of wounds and diseases, and be larger than 50 g for females and 100 g for males. The number of eggs spawned varies with the health and condition of the female. Stocking rates for broodstock are 2,250-3,000 kg ha-1. Specially made fish feed for broodstock is available from many feed producers. Broodstock requires a higher quality feed than food fish, with a minimum of 36% protein. Fish are fed at 2-3% body weight daily, two to three times a day. Artificial propagation is carried out from late April to the beginning of May. One-kg fish is injected with 10 µg of LRH-A at the pectoral fin base for both females and males at a ratio of 3:1. Two injections are needed with an interval of 15 hours. The second injection is normally given in the early morning so that the fish spawn at night. Immediately after administration of the hormone, the broodstock is released into cement breeding tanks with patches of palm fronds laid on the bottom. Yellow catfish spawn after a latency period of 18-24 hours. Incubation time is generally 3-4 days at a water temperature of 24-26°C. After hatching, the larvae are kept in concrete tanks without feeding for 3-4 days before yolk sac absorption. They are kept in the same tanks for 7-10 days, during which small zooplankton are supplied as feed. After the fry reach 1 cm, they are transferred to nursing ponds for growing to fingerlings. Fry are stocked in fry nursing ponds at a density of 450,000-750,000 fry ha-1 and fed with commercial powder feed. After 6 months, the fish can reach a weight of 20 g; they are then released into grow-out ponds. The stocking density for grow-out ponds is 150,000-180,000 fish ha-1. The growth of male and female yellow catfish differs greatly. The male usually grows to 100-200 g, whereas the female can only reach 50-100 g after 1 year of culture. The market size for yellow catfish is above 50 g per fish.
Seed production of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) in Mekong Delta, Vietnam.
Authors: Tran Thi Thanh Hien 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Artificial seed reproduction of giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) has been studied in Vietnam since the early 1980s, especially since 1998. Most of this work has been done to obtain suitable broodstock sources, water sources, stocking densities, feed types and rearing scales for different rearing systems. These studies have contributed significantly to the development of prawn seed production technology for commercial practice in Vietnam, especially the Mekong Delta region, which had 91 hatcheries in 2003 compared to only 1 hatchery in 1999. The most popular production system is the modified static green water system, which is used by 88% of the hatcheries in the region. The total production of prawn seed in 2003 was 77.7 million post-larvae (PLs).
Rural finance and aquaculture.
Authors: Rahman Md. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The aquaculture sector in Bangladesh has made an enormous and often under-recognized contribution to the well being of the nation; around 2 million t of food fish are produced for local consumption and export earnings. The sector is in transition from subsistence to a commercially oriented sector. Financing of aquaculture and other aquaculture-related activities has not yet attracted enough interest from banks and other money lending institutions in Bangladesh. To ensure the necessary credit flow to the aquaculture sector for dynamic growth, an annual programme-based credit monitoring support has been necessary. The rural aquaculture financial system is fragmented and does not meet the lending and saving needs of the rural poor. Commercial banks and other financial institutions have not responded significantly to the self-employment initiatives of the rural poor and to small-scale aquaculture farmers. The large numbers of micro-credit operating NGOs have played an important role in aquaculture with remarkable success. The disbursement and recovery of micro-credit support by NGOs in the self-employment sector is about twice as large as the disbursement of aquaculture credit by banks (BB, 2003).
Pond culture of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) in China.
Authors: Cao Lin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, native to the coastal streams and rivers of China, is one of the most famous and widely cultured aquatic animals in China, well-known for its special appearance and delicious taste. Pond culture of mitten crab has a long history in China and culture systems vary from extensive, semi-intensive to intensive operations. This case study describes intensive pond culture techniques of the crab in relation to broodstock management, breeding, larval nursing, grow-out and harvest.
Overview of river prawn farming in Bangladesh.
Authors: Ahmed Nesar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

In south-west Bangladesh, thousands of farmers have converted their paddy fields into ghers to accommodate profitable river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) culture, in which prawn is cultured with fish and rice. Prawn post-larvae (PLs) are stocked in May-June and harvested from November to January. Farmers stock wild PLs rather than hatchery-produced stock as production of the latter is limited and farmers consider them to be of lower quality. The average stocking density of PLs is 20,680 ha-1. A variety of feeds is used for prawn culture but the preferred feed is the freshwater snail, Pila globosa. The production of prawn is quite variable because of the simple culture method, averaging 432 kg ha-1 year-1. The prawn is a high-value product for the international market and almost all prawns are therefore exported.
Mud crab, Scylla olivacea: fattening practices in Bangladesh.
Authors: Mia Md. Younus 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Fattening mud or mangrove crab, Scylla olivacea, has been practised in recent years in brackishwater ponds in Bangladesh. It is a relatively new practice in the country. Small- to medium-sized and even large but gonadal immature crabs that have low market value are bought from farmers, fishers, or from the market and stocked in fattening ponds. Fattening of crab is profitable because of fast turnover, low operating cost, high survival rate and good market demand. Two types of brackishwater earthen ponds are used to fatten crabs. One type is connected to the river through inlets and outlets to exchange water during high and ebb tides. Another type is not connected to the river but water is pumped into and discharged from the pond. The importance of fattening has been recognized as a source of income and employment to alleviate the poverty of coastal people. Through this technology, pond and ditches in the coastal region can be used throughout the year. On the basis of an interview with farmers, a net income of Tk 3,800 (US$ 65.50) can be achieved from a 120 m2 pond using the crab fattening technology. There is potential to expand crab fattening practices in coastal areas. However, an inadequate supply of stockable crab and feed are major constraints in this sector.
Large sustainable integrated shrimp farm in Indonesia.
Authors: Taw Nyan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

One of the largest sustainable integrated shrimp farms in Asia with over 3,600 intensively cultured ponds is operated by PT. Central Pertiwi Bahari (CPB), a member of the Charoen Pokphand Group (CP Group), in Indonesia. The project was developed in an effort to stimulate the economy in the swampy, sparsely populated north-eastern coast of Lampung province, south Sumatra. With local government support and bank loans through co-operatives, many former tree cutters and their families became gainfully employed shrimp farmers. The farmers in turn purchase shrimp fry and feed, grow the shrimp with the company's technical support to market size, and sell their harvests to the company. The CPB vertically integrated complex consists of farm, hatchery, feed mill, processing and cold storage plants, a container vessel, and support facilities such as farmer services, and construction and engineering. The CPB farm shrimp production (whole shrimp) for the year 2004 was 35,240 t (Taw, 2005).
Learning to do better - evolving monitoring and evaluation for aquaculture: recent experiences.
Authors: Haylor Graham 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A development programme or initiative needs to know what it is achieving, with whom and how it can learn to do better, incorporating new lessons into ways of working - a process of monitoring, evaluation and linking this to learning and planning. The potential benefits from such a system include simple procedures in response to donor assessment, improved scope to monitor progress and to identify and understand the outcomes and impacts from work undertaken. This case study describes a developing system for monitoring and evaluating aquatic resource management interventions by the STREAM Initiative, which focus's on activities, stakeholders and change, to capture learning and use this directly in planning.
Impact of shrimp farming on mangroves.
Authors: Monir  
Published: April 2021

Abstract

In Bangladesh, a substantial amount of silt is introduced into shrimp ghers (modified rice fields with trenches) during water exchange; this reduces water transparency and thus adversely affects the environment of the gher and overall shrimp production. The considerable amount of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and organic matter carried in the silt and deposited in ghers may, however, enhance rice production. Water management may be more difficult and sustainable production obtained from the shrimp ghers adversely affected in future. The natural mangrove ecosystem may be damaged due to human intervention and expansion of shrimp farming areas. In addition, erosion, destruction of mangrove flora and water quality deterioration can vitally affect and change the coastal river ecosystem, leading to an environment unsuitable for many aquatic biota. The availability of tiger shrimp or bagda (Penaeus monodon) fry in nature is related to time, tide and season. During collection of each tiger shrimp post-larvae (PL), about 190 larvae of other shrimps, 568 individuals of macrozooplankton and 93 finfishes are killed. A few farmers have started to farm shrimp inside the Sundarban Reserve Forest (SRF) area and some endangered trees have been used for household purposes. Therefore, necessary steps should be made immediately to stop such activities to protect and conserve the Sundarban forest.
Improved production from seasonal ponds in Northwest Bangladesh.
Authors: Morrice Christopher 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A polyculture system was developed that was affordable to poor owners of seasonal ponds with a mean annual culture period of 200 days and situated on low quality soil types. Three main species were used silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Stocked in smaller numbers wererohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus)and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Pond preparation and management were dependent on the use of lime, cow manure, triple superphosphate (TSP) and urea. Duckweed, green vegetables and rice bran were the principle supplementary feeds. This system raised production levels from 740 kg ha-1 to 2195 kg ha-1 with a cost:benefit ratio of 1:3.8.
Integrated agriculture-aquaculture production systems in southern Malawi.
Authors: Jamu Daniel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Southern Malawi is characterized by the Rift valley and the Shire Highlands, which are dominated by the Zomba and Mulanje plateaux, and the Kirk Range. These mountainous areas are a source of various rivers and streams, which support small-scale integrated agriculture-aquaculture systems (IAA). The IAA systems were introduced to Malawi in 1986 by the WorldFish Center when a range of IAA technologies were developed and disseminated to farmers. The most common IAA system consists of fishponds, vegetables, fish, rice and irrigated maize. This system is practised by over 2,000 farmers in southern Malawi. The number of farmers practising this system has grown by 25% per year over the past 5 years because of the impact that this system has on household food security, income and environmental sustainability. Farmers practising IAA achieve yields of over 1,500 kg ha-1 yr-1 extrapolated from 450 m2 ponds compared with 900 kg ha-1 yr-1 for non-integrated farms and twice as much annual household income (US$ 270) than non-IAA farms.
Intensive culture of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus in North Vietnam.
Authors: Nguyen Van Tien 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Trials carried out with farmers on intensive culture of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in monoculture in ponds in north Vietnam indicated that tilapia could reach an average weight of 500 g after 6 months, with productivity up to 20 t ha-1 per 6-month cycle. The net income per ha of pond was VND 60,000,000 (about USD 4,000). Floating extruded feed with 26-28% protein was used when fish were smaller than 300 g, and 18% protein when fish were larger than 300 g. The culture season for tilapia is 7-8 months from April to the middle of November. Overwintered fingerlings are the best seed to stock early in the season in April-May.
Green mussel (Perna viridis) culture on the central coast of Vietnam.
Authors: Ha Le Thi Loc 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Grow-out culture of green mussels is currently being developed in some estuaries and lagoons in central Vietnam such as Lang Co lagoon in Thua Thien Hue province, Nha Phu lagoon in Khanh Hoa province, O Loan lagoon in Phu Yen province, and Nai lagoon in Ninh Thuan province. Green mussels attach to substrates such as wooden stakes, cement block stakes and plates, rope strings, net bags and baskets. Mussel seed is collected from the wild or transported from different places. Culture duration ranges from 6 months to 2 years depending on seed size. The commercial size is 10-15 individuals kg-1, with a shell size of 10-12 cm. The price ranges from VND 5,000 to 15,000 kg-1 depending on the local market. Minimal labour is needed for green mussel culture, although the stakes need to be consolidated in the monsoon season, substrates need to be cleaned of barnacles, mud, rubbish and predators (crabs, swimming crabs), and security must be provided.
Farming carps in leased ponds by groups in Chandpur, Bangladesh.
Authors: Edwards Peter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

This case study was prepared as part of an Asian Development Bank (ADB) Special Evaluation Study (SES) on Small-Scale Freshwater Rural Aquaculture for Poverty Reduction. The SES used primary and secondary data and published information to document the human, social, natural, physical and financial capital available to poor people involved in the production and consumption of freshwater farmed fish and to identify channels through which the poor are affected, such as through access to livelihood assets, markets and prices, access to services and facilities, and key institutions and processes. The case study is based on a part of the small-scale fisheries development component of the ADB-financed Command Area Development Project (CADP). The project developed on-farm field irrigation channels, improved the existing water distribution and drainage systems, and provided minor flood protection in the respective command areas of Pabna Irrigation System (PIS) located in Pabna District and Meghna-Dhonagoda Irrigation System (MDIS) located in Chandpur District. This case study focuses on small-scale freshwater aquaculture development in Matlab Upazila of the MDIS command area. An Upazila is an administrative government unit consisting of unions, each of which consists of villages. Aquaculture was developed within the irrigation command areas by providing extension services, organizational and management development support, and credit inputs primarily in small ponds for the poor.
Culture of native catfish in Bangladesh.
Authors: Mollah Md. Fazlul Awal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Bangladesh is rich in freshwater fish resources, with 260 indigenous and 13 exotic species. However, fish production from natural resources has declined due to overexploitation and lack of proper management over the last few decades. As a result, many species, including catfish that were once abundantly available, are facing the threat of extinction. Catfish in Bangladesh have potential for aquaculture. There are some 46 species of catfish in Bangladesh but non-availability of stockable-size fry has been identified as a major constraint towards their farming. However, seven species of catfish have been successfully induced to breed to propagate their seed under artificial conditions.
Crab fattening in Bangladesh.
Authors: Zafar Mohammad , Kamal Dipak 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

While shrimp culture has became untenable for farmers in Bangladesh due to the outbreak of viral and other diseases, the mud crab (Scylla olivacea) has emerged as a potential aquaculture species because of its high export demand and resistance to various diseases. The coastal area of Bangladesh has a suitable environment for widespread farming of mud crab, plus availability of seed and other facilities. Bangladesh does not have a long history in crab fattening. However, mud crab fattening in earthen ponds was started in 1993 in some coastal areas of the country. Recently, the traditional method of crab fattening in earthen ponds has been improved with scientific inputs. Crab fattening in cages has recently been assessed through a research project.
Coastal shrimp culture in Thailand.
Authors: Lin Chang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Shrimp farming in Thailand has evolved from traditional extensive to modern intensive systems and the predominant species was the indigenous, black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon. With current annual production approaching 400,000 t, intensive shrimp culture has saturated the available coastal areas along the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea, including estuaries, bays, tidal creeks, open coast and mangrove swamps. At one time shrimp farming spread to inland areas in the Central Plain. Despite its success, the shrimp farming industry has encountered a host of major problems, e.g. persistent disease outbreaks, broodstock quality, deterioration of pond and natural environment, and international trade barriers. In response to disease and water quality problems, protocols for pond management have evolved from an open system with frequent water exchange to semi-closed to closed systems, with little or zero water exchange during the grow-out cycle. Facing unshakable viral diseases stemming from contaminated broodstock and wild carrier organisms, farming of the indigenous species, P. monodon, came to a halt during early 2000. It was replaced by the exotic white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, which is now the predominant species cultured in Thailand. The culture of black tiger shrimp may become history due to disease and seed quality problems; the white shrimp will become the dominant species in most parts of Asia. The Thai shrimp culture industry is advancing towards maturity and sustainability with the following measures: *advancement in production of quality seed through a few nucleus breeding centres, especially in specific pathogen free and genetic improvement technologies *better understanding and prevention of diseases through adoption of bio-security measures *adoption of better management practices, product certification and traceability.
Commercial aquaponic system prototype, University of the Virgin Islands.
Authors:   CABI
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Aquaponics is the combined culture of fish and plants in recirculating systems. Nutrients generated by the fish, either by direct excretion or the microbial breakdown of organic wastes, are absorbed by plant crops cultured hydroponically (without soil). Fish provide most of the nutrients required for plant growth. As the aquaculture effluent flows through the hydroponic component, fish waste metabolites are removed by nitrification and direct uptake by plants, thereby treating the water, which flows back to the fish-rearing component for reuse. The Aquaculture Research Program at the University of the Virgin Islands (UVI) has developed a commercial-scale aquaponic system for production of tilapia and hydroponic vegetables. The system, which occupies 0.05 ha of land, can annually produce 4.2-4.8 t of tilapia and 5 t of basil or 2.9 t of okra or 1400 cases (24-30 heads per case) of leaf lettuce. Research is being conducted on other vegetable crops.
Community-based aquaculture in northern uplands of Vietnam - emphasis on women's involvement.
Authors: Kibria Md. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

The project titled "Aquaculture Development in Northern Uplands" (VIE/98/009/01/NEX) aimed during 1999-2002 at alleviating poverty in three provinces by diversifying rural development through the promotion of sustainable aquaculture activities, building capacity of the local population and project staff to address household food security issues, and reducing malnutrition of disadvantaged ethnic minorities (Dao, Hmong, Kinh, Tay but mostly Black Thai). The project stressed strengthening an extension network and improvement of seed production and its delivery system among the target groups in remote areas. Moreover, it gave high priority to gender education and women's involvement in all activities. The project was implemented by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), provincial Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development in Hoa Binh, Lai Chau and Son La, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) in cooperation with the Vietnam Ministry of Fisheries (MOFI). It was found through a field study among project beneficiaries that women play a vital role in aquaculture activities, although they are not involved in any activity without the support of men.
Cage fish culture in lakes of Pokhara Valley, Nepal.
Authors: Shrestha Madhav 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Pokhara valley is situated at the southwestern part of Kaski district in west Nepal. Although the valley is comprised of eight large and small lakes, cage culture is predominant in Begnas, Phewa and Rupa Lakes. A vulnerable fisher community known as pode or jalari living around the lakes of Pokhara Valley is among several ethnic groups whose livelihood is entirely dependent on fishing in these water bodies. A livelihood support programme for rehabilitation through creation of employment and income generation for this deprived community through subsistence cage aquaculture was initiated in 1972 in the lakes of the valley. Since then cage aquaculture has grown at a steady rate and at present 21,650 m3 of cages exist in these water bodies which produced an estimated 88.4 t of fish in 2004 to support the livelihoods of the 109 fisher families. Floating cages using four bamboo poles in a square as a float are popular in the fishers group. Mainly two species of carp are popular for culture in cages: bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Occasionally, other species are also stocked with bighead and silver carp such as rohu (Labeo rohita) as a biological cleaning agent to reduce fouling of the cage. The grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is also cultured in Lake Phewa on a small scale and is fed with grass. Average production of cages in Begnas, Phewa and Rupa Lakes is 3, 4.2 and 3.2 kg m-3 year-1, respectively.