bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endophytes shape the legacy left by the above‐ and below‐ground litter of the host affecting the establishment of a legume
Authors: Minás Alexia , García‐Parisi Pablo A. , Chludil Hugo , Omacini Marina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Plant litter is a key component of plant–soil feedback (PSF), given its strong potential impacts on plant establishment and growth, through chemical and physical pathways. Although PSF of the layer of dead plant material on the soil surface (above‐ground litter) has been widely studied, little is known about the role of dead roots (below‐ground litter) and the impact of plant symbionts on host litter legacy.

Here, we examined whether the fungal endophyte Epichloë occultans changed the effects of above‐ and below‐ground litter of Lolium multiflorum plants on the establishment of Trifolium repens. We hypothesized that both types of litter deposited by the grass‐endophyte symbiosis reduce the establishment of the legume due to the release of allelopathic compounds during the decomposition and leaching processes.

To test this, we performed two experiments with different quantities of litter produced by plants of the same grass population, with high and low levels of endophyte infection (E+ and E−). Seeds of T. repens were exposed to the above‐ground litter with or without the addition of below‐ground litter, or to their leachates, to separate the physical and chemical pathways.

We found that the treatments with the combination of the above‐ and below‐ground litter produced by E+ plants increased the germination speed and seedling emergence of T. repens by 56% compared with both types of litter produced by E− plants. A similar effect was also observed with only the above‐ground litter. However, the below‐ground litter of E+ plants reduced the germination speed, seedling emergence by 76% and establishment of T. repens by 73% compared with the below‐ground litter of E− plants. Besides, the below‐ground litter had positive effects on the root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and reduced the root nodulation of T. repens. The quantity of litter did not affect any of these responses.

Our results suggest that these litter legacy effects could be due to the release of endophyte‐induced secondary metabolites, such as phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Changes in host plant litter inputs may have consequences for the prevalence of legume plants in grasslands and pastures, affecting their quality and dynamics.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Lung squamous cell carcinoma with hemoptysis after vaccination with tozinameran (BNT162b2, Pfizer‐BioNTech)
Authors: Sumi Toshiyuki , Nagahisa Yuta , Matsuura Keigo , Sekikawa Motoki , Yamada Yuichi , Nakata Hisashi , Chiba Hirofumi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA 66‐year‐old man with squamous cell carcinoma had been receiving chemoradiation therapy after stereotactic radiotherapy for brain metastases. Atezolizumab was initiated as second‐line therapy, after which the patient became progression‐ and recurrence‐free. Four days after his second dose of tozinameran (BNT162b2, Pfizer‐BioNTech), the patient developed persistent hemoptysis. The patient had no thrombocytopenia or coagulation abnormalities. Bronchoscopy revealed active bleeding from the left lingual tracheal branch. The patient was intubated and admitted to the intensive care unit because of increased bleeding. Subsequently, left bronchial artery embolization was performed using a Serescue. Hemostasis was achieved after the procedure, and the patient was discharged 7 days after the onset of hemoptysis. Vaccination against coronavirus disease has been reported to be associated with thrombosis and cerebral hemorrhage, and the hemoptysis in this case was suspected to be induced by vaccination. In summary, the benefits of vaccination exceeded the risks of adverse events in a patient with cancer. However, in conditions such as after chemoradiation, especially in patients with radiation pneumonitis wherein the vasculature is vulnerable, patients should be carefully monitored for hemorrhagic events after vaccination.
Dramatic, significant metabolic response to a one‐time pembrolizumab treatment following a relapse of pre‐existing organizing pneumonia in a patient with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer: A case report
Authors: Kato Motoyasu , Mori Mikiko , Miura Keita , Asao Tetsuhiko , Motomura Hiroaki , Nishino Koichi , Ko Ryo , Koyama Ryo , Hayashi Takuo , Takahashi Kazuhisa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors can often trigger immune‐related adverse events (irAEs), such as relapse of pre‐existing interstitial pneumonia. Here, we report the case of an 88‐year‐Japanese man diagnosed with advanced lung adenocarcinoma with a high tumor proportion score of programmed death‐ligand 1. Six years earlier, he had developed organizing pneumonia (OP), a subtype of interstitial pneumonia, that was treated with steroid pulse therapy maintained with prolonged prednisolone administration. We initiated pembrolizumab as the first‐line treatment. One month after the first pembrolizumab administration, high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest demonstrated ground‐glass opacities and consolidations. We suspected pembrolizumab‐induced OP relapse, an irAE. His oxygenation was normal; therefore, we discontinued pembrolizumab without additional treatment for OP relapse. Four months after OP relapse, HRCT showed no new findings. After significant amelioration of OP, although the size of the tumor shadow remained the same on HRCT, positron emission tomography‐computed tomography demonstrated the disappearance of the standardized uptake value of the primary tumor, mediastinal lymph nodes, and pleural nodules. In conclusion, this is the first report of a dramatic, significant metabolic response after a single pembrolizumab treatment despite the relapse of pre‐existing OP in a patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.
Aging impairs human bone marrow function and cardiac repair following myocardial infarction in a humanized chimeric mouse
Authors: Marvasti Tina B. , Alibhai Faisal J. , Wlodarek Lukasz , Fu Anne , Li Shu‐Hong , Wu Jun , Weisel Richard D. , Cusimano Robert J. , Ouzounian Maral , Yau Terrence , Li Ren‐Ke 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVentricular remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of heart failure, a condition prevalent in older individuals. Following MI, immune cells are mobilized to the myocardium from peripheral lymphoid organs and play an active role in orchestrating repair. While the effect of aging on mouse bone marrow (BM) has been studied, less is known about how aging affects human BM cells and their ability to regulate repair processes. In this study, we investigate the effect aging has on human BM cell responses post‐MI using a humanized chimeric mouse model. BM samples were collected from middle aged (mean age 56.4 ± 0.97) and old (mean age 72.7 ± 0.59) patients undergoing cardiac surgery, CD34+/− cells were isolated, and NOD‐scid‐IL2rγnull (NSG) mice were reconstituted. Three months following reconstitution, the animals were examined at baseline or subjected to coronary artery ligation (MI). Younger patient cells exhibited greater repopulation capacity in the BM, blood, and spleen as well as greater lymphoid cell production. Following MI, CD34+ cell age impacted donor and host cellular responses. Mice reconstituted with younger CD34+ cells exhibited greater human CD45+ recruitment to the heart compared to mice reconstituted with old cells. Increased cellular responses were primarily driven by T‐cell recruitment, and these changes corresponded with greater human IFNy levels and reduced mouse IL‐1β in the heart. Age‐dependent changes in BM function led to significantly lower survival, increased infarct expansion, impaired host cell responses, and reduced function by 4w post‐MI. In contrast, younger CD34+ cells helped to limit remodeling and preserve function post‐MI.
An empirical study of Chinese listed firms’ herd behaviour in cross‐border mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Liu HaiYue , Liu ShiYi , Li JiaTian , Wu Peng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBased on the sample of Chinese listed firms from 2003 to 2019, this paper investigated the herd behaviour in cross‐border mergers and acquisition (CB M&A) decisions using ordinary least‐squares (OLS) and feasible generalised least squares (FGLS) models. It was found that the Chinese listed firm CB M&A location decisions were similar to the choices made by other firms in the same industry in the previous year, with the bellwether firms in high industry market positions being the key reference objects. The herd behaviour was found to be more pronounced when the firms were younger and smaller, there was strong internal industry competition, estranged bilateral political distances, and poor host country governance. The quantification of the economic consequences of the herd behaviour revealed a negative effect on the short‐term performances after the CB M&As but improved firm performances over the long term, with these improvements being more significant when the herd behaviour was led by bellwether firms.
Palatogingival grooves associated with periodontal bone Loss of maxillary incisors in a Chinese population
Authors: Zhang Rui , Xiong Jie , Haapasalo Markus , Shen Ya , Meng Liuyan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of palatogingival grooves (PGGs) in a Chinese population and the relationship between different types of PGGs and periodontal bone loss. CBCT images of 1715 patients were included in the study. The prevalence of PGGs of the maxillary incisors by sex and tooth type was analysed. The severity of alveolar bone loss in different types of PGGs was assessed. The reasons for taking the CBCT from patients with PGGs were collected. The frequency of PGGs in males (10.16%) was higher than that in females (7.05%) (P < 0.05). PGGs were present more often in maxillary lateral incisors (4.5%) than in maxillary central incisors (0.29%). Compared with other types of PGGs, the type I PGGs were the most prevalent configuration and accompanied with less severity of alveolar bone loss (P < 0.05). Less than half of PGGs cases (47.9%) were prescribed CBCT examination because of the PGGs observed or suspected clinically. The prevalence of PGGs in a Chinese population was higher in males than in females. The different types of PGGs might lead to different severity of periodontal bone destruction. Clinicians should be aware of the presence of PGGs in maxillary incisors, particularly maxillary lateral incisors.
Retinal haemorrhage in infants investigated for suspected maltreatment is strongly correlated with intracranial pathology
Authors: Thiblin Ingemar , Andersson Jacob , Wester Knut , Högberg Göran , Högberg Ulf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo test the two prevailing hypotheses regarding the aetiology of infant retinal haemorrhage: (a) traction forces exerted by the lens and/or corpus vitreum on the retina during infant shaking or (b) retinal vessel leakage secondary to intracranial pathology and raised intracranial pressure.MethodsComparison of medical findings and reported type of trauma in infants investigated for suspected physical abuse with presence (n = 29) or non‐presence of retinal haemorrhage (RH) (n = 119).ResultsIntracranial pathology was recorded in 15 (13%) of the non‐RH cases and in 27 (97%) of the RH cases (p < 0.0001). All 18 infants with bilateral RH had intracranial pathology. Of 27 infants subjected to witnessed or admitted shaking, two were in the group with RH. One had a single unilateral RH and no intracranial pathology. The other had bilateral RH and intracranial pathology with non‐specific white matter changes, acute subdural and subarachnoid haemorrhages, and suspected cortical venous thrombosis. In 15 RH cases, there was no trauma reported and no findings other than RH and intracranial pathology. Accidental blunt head trauma was reported in 7 RH cases.ConclusionThe present study indicates that RH in infants is secondary to intracranial pathology of non‐specific aetiology.
Grief, trauma and mistaken identity: Ethically deceiving people living with dementia in complex cases
Authors: Carter Matilda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAcross care settings, the practice of lying to or withholding the truth from people living with dementia is common, yet it is objected to by many. Contrary to this common discomfort, I have argued in previous work that respecting members of this group as moral equals sometimes requires deceiving them. In this paper, I test my proposed practice against complex, controversial cases, demonstrating both its theoretical strength and its practical value for those working in social care.
Validation of the Child version of the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire of repetitive negative thinking in young people with diagnosed depressive and anxiety disorders
Authors: Hitchcock Caitlin , Brown Renee L. , Cobham Vanessa E. 
Published: October 2021

This paper sought to provide the first validation of a transdiagnostic measure of repetitive negative thinking – the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire‐Child version (PTQ‐C) – in young people diagnosed with anxiety and depressive disorders. Participants (N = 114) were 11‐ to 17‐year‐olds with complex and comorbid presentations seeking treatment through Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services. Confirmatory factor analyses best supported a three‐factor model for the PTQ‐C; however, hypotheses of both perfect and close fit were rejected, and a subsequent bifactor model suggested minimal unique variance for each subscale. Results demonstrated good internal consistency, convergent validity and divergent validity for the total score and three PTQ‐S subscales: core characteristics, perceived unproductiveness, and consumed mental capacity of negative repetitive thinking. PTQ‐C scores did not account for additional variance in anxiety symptoms once worry was considered, indicating that retention of a content‐specific measure may be warranted in clinical samples. Findings emphasize the importance of validating clinically relevant measures which were developed with subclinical populations in samples with diagnosed mental health disorders.Practitioner points

Validates Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire in anxious and depressed youth.

Support for convergent and divergent validity, and internal consistency.

Results suggest measure is appropriate for complex and comorbid presentations.
Religiosity as a moderator of the links between parental psychological control and children's prosociality
Authors: Davidov Maayan , Oren‐Gabai Maya , Abu‐Asaad Islam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThree studies examined the links between psychological control and prosociality in middle childhood, and the role of religiosity as a moderator. Study 1 (101 Israeli Jewish families, ages 6–9, 50% girls) found a significant interaction, with a negative association between maternal psychological control and children's prosociality in secular but not in religious families. Study 2 (161 Israeli Jewish families, ages 6–12, 48% girls) replicated this interaction for mothers using a continuous religiosity measure. Study 3 (64 Arab Muslim Israeli families, ages 6–8.5, 50% girls) also found a significant interaction, with a positive link between psychological control and prosociality seen at higher, but not at lower, religiosity levels. The findings suggest that religiosity may alter the meaning and consequences of parenting practices.
Investigating the causal relationship between allergic disease and mental health
Authors: Budu‐Aggrey Ashley , Joyce Sally , Davies Neil M. , Paternoster Lavinia , Munafò Marcus R. , Brown Sara J. , Evans Jonathan , Sallis Hannah M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies have reported an association between allergic disease and mental health, but a causal relationship has not been established. Here, we use Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate a possible causal relationship between atopic disease and mental health phenotypes.MethodsThe observational relationship between allergic disease and mental health was investigated in UK Biobank. The direction of causality was investigated with bidirectional two‐sample MR using summary‐level data from published genome‐wide association studies. A genetic instrument was derived from associated variants for a broad allergic disease phenotype to test for causal relationships with various mental health outcomes. We also investigated whether these relationships were specific to atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma or hayfever. Given the multiple testing burden, we applied a Bonferroni correction to use an individual test p‐value threshold of .0016 (32 tests).ResultsWe found strong evidence of an observational association between the broad allergic disease phenotype and depression (ORself‐report=1.45, 95% CI: 1.41–1.50, p = 3.6 × 10−130), anxiety (OR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.18–1.33, p = 6.5 × 10−13), bipolar disorder (ORself‐report=1.29, 95% CI: 1.12–1.47, p = 2.8 × 10−4) and neuroticism (β = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.36–0.41, p = 6.8 × 10−166). Similar associations were found between asthma, AD, hayfever individually with the mental health phenotypes, although the associations between AD and hayfever with bipolar disorder were weaker. There was little evidence of causality in either direction (all p‐values>.02).ConclusionUsing MR, we were unable to replicate most of the phenotypic associations between allergic disease and mental health. Any causal effects we detected were considerably attenuated compared with the phenotypic association. This suggests that most comorbidity observed clinically is unlikely to be causal.
Biallelic TMEM260 variants cause truncus arteriosus, with or without renal defects
Authors: Pagnamenta Alistair T. , Jackson Adam , Perveen Rahat , Beaman Glenda , Petts Gemma , Gupta Asheeta , Hyder Zerin , Chung Brian Hon‐Yin , Kan Anita Sik‐Yau , Cheung Ka Wang , Kerstjens‐Frederikse Wilhelmina S. , Abbott Kristin M. ,   Genomics England Research Consortium, Elpeleg Orly , Taylor Jenny C. , Banka Siddharth , Ta‐Shma Asaf 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOnly two families have been reported with biallelic TMEM260 variants segregating with structural heart defects and renal anomalies syndrome (SHDRA). With a combination of genome, exome sequencing and RNA studies, we identified eight individuals from five families with biallelic TMEM260 variants. Variants included one multi‐exon deletion, four nonsense/frameshifts, two splicing changes and one missense change. Together with the published cases, analysis of clinical data revealed ventricular septal defects (12/12), mostly secondary to truncus arteriosus (10/12), elevated creatinine levels (6/12), horse‐shoe kidneys (1/12) and renal cysts (1/12) in patients. Three pregnancies were terminated on detection of severe congenital anomalies. Six patients died between the ages of 6 weeks and 5 years. Using a range of stringencies, carrier frequency for SHDRA was estimated at 0.0007–0.007 across ancestries. In conclusion, this study confirms the genetic basis of SHDRA, expands its known mutational spectrum and clarifies its clinical features. We demonstrate that SHDRA is a severe condition associated with substantial mortality in early childhood and characterised by congenital cardiac malformations with a variable renal phenotype.
Embedding QR Code onto Triangulated Meshes using Horizon Based Ambient Occlusion
Authors: Papp György , Hoffmann Miklós , Papp Ildikó 
Published: October 2021

AbstractQR code is a widely used format to encode information through images that can be easily decoded using a smartphone. These devices play a significant role in most people's everyday lives, making the encoded information widely accessible. However, decoding the QR code becomes challenging when significant deformations occur in the label. An easy and quick solution to keep the deformation on a minimum level is to affix the label that contains the QR code onto a developable surface patch of a 3D model. The perspective distortion that can appear is efficiently dealt with during the decoding process. In recent years an alternative method has emerged. In the work of Kikuchi et al., the QR code is embedded onto B‐spline surfaces of CAD models to give more freedom in providing additional information. This method was further improved and extended by Peng et al. embed QR codes onto the surface of general meshes. This paper introduces a solution to embed QR codes onto the surface of general meshes without densely triangulating the selected area of the QR code. It uses the deferred shading technique to extract the surface normals and the depth values around the QR code's user‐given centre. We propose two methods for automatically finding the projection direction even when highly curved areas are selected based on the retrieved information while rendering the model. Besides, we introduce two methods needing a projection direction and a QR code centre to determine a size for automatically embedding the QR code. We propose patterns for decreasing the carving depth of the embedded QR codes, and we use the Horizon‐Based Ambient Occlusion to speed up the engraving process. We validate our method by comparing our results to the outcomes of Peng et al.
Testing the short‐term effectiveness of primary care referral to online weight loss programmes: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Noreik Michaela , Madigan Claire D. , Astbury Nerys M. , Edwards Rhiannon M. , Galal Ushma , Mollison Jill , Ghebretinsea Fitsum , Jebb Susan A. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryGuidelines ask health professionals to offer brief advice to encourage weight loss for people living with obesity. We tested whether referral to one of three online programmes could lead to successful weight loss. A total of 528 participants aged ≥18 years with a body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2 were invited via a letter from their GP. Participants were randomised to one of three online weight loss programmes (NHS Weight Loss Plan, Rosemary Online or Slimming World Online) or to a control group receiving no intervention. Participants self‐reported weight at baseline and 8 weeks. The primary outcome was weight change in each of the active intervention groups compared with control. We also compared the proportion of participants losing ≥5% or ≥10% of body weight. For Rosemary, Online mean weight loss was modestly greater than control (−1.5 kg [95% confidence interval (CI) −2.3 to −0.6]) and more than three times as many participants in this group lost ≥5% (relative risk [RR] = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.63–8.1). For Slimming World, mean weight loss was not significantly different from control (−0.8 kg [95%CI −1.7 to 0.1]), twice as many participants lost ≥5% (RR = 2.70, 1.17–6.23). There was no significant difference in weight loss for participants using the NHS Weight Loss Plan (−0.4 kg, [95% CI −1.3 to 0.5]), or the proportion losing ≥5% (RR = 2.09, 0.87–5.01). Only one of three online weight loss programmes was superior to no intervention and the effect size modest among participants living with obesity.