bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A broad spectrum of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome - a case series with clinical and paraclinical characterisation, and histopathological findings
Authors: Ismail Fatme Seval , van de Nes Johannes , Kleffner Ilka 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is clinical-neuroradiologically defined and potentially reversible, so there are limited data about histopathological findings. We aimed to describe the clinical and paraclinical features of patients with PRES with regard to its reversibility.

Methods
This retrospective case series encompasses 15 PRES cases out of 1300 evaluated patients from a single German center between January 1, 2010, and June 15, 2020. PRES was established according to the diagnostic criteria as proposed by the Berlin PRES Study 2012. One of the cases studied was subject to brain autopsy.

Results
From the 15 patients studied (median age 53 years, range 17–73; 11 female), 67 % presented with epileptic seizures, 40 % suffered from encephalopathy with reduced consciousness and 53 % developed delirium, while 47 % had headache and visual disturbances. Subcortical brain MRI abnormalities related to PRES were observed in all patients. One patient developed spinal ischemia and another Guillain-Barré syndrome in addition to PRES. Hypertensive blood pressure was the main underlying/trigger condition in all patients. Clinical symptoms and MRI changes were not reversible in 42 %, even progressive in 3 out of these 5 patients. Median time from symptom onset to diagnosis in these non-reversible cases was 7 days (range 0–13), while the median delay in diagnosis in the reversible group was 1 day (range 0–3). Cerebellar/brain stem involvement and status epilepticus were more frequently in patients with non-reversible disease course. Mortality due to PRES occurred in 13 % of these patients. Neuropathological examination of the brain of a 57-year-old female patient revealed major leukencephalopathic changes, fibrinoid necrosis of endothelial cells and fresh petechial hemorrhages in accordance with PRES.

Conclusions
Our case series demonstrates that PRES was not reversible in 42 % of the studied patients. Delay in diagnosis seems to contribute to limited reversibility and poor outcome.
Plasma concentrations of leptin at mid-pregnancy are associated with gestational weight gain among pregnant women in Tanzania: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Dongqing , Darling Anne Marie , McDonald Chloe R. , Perumal Nandita , Liu Enju , Wang Molin , Aboud Said , Urassa Willy , Conroy Andrea L. , Hayford Kyla T. , Liles W. Conrad , Kain Kevin C. , Fawzi Wafaie W. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Gestational weight gain (GWG) has critical implications for maternal and child health. Inflammation and angiogenesis are implicated in various aspects of maternal metabolism that may play a role in gestational weight gain. The associations of inflammatory, angiogenic, and metabolic pathways with GWG are yet to be elucidated. This study evaluated associations between a panel of inflammatory, angiogenic, and metabolic proteins measured in mid-pregnancy and gestational weight gain.

Methods
Pregnant women were enrolled from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, between 2001 and 2004. The participants were enrolled at mid-pregnancy (12 to 27 weeks of gestation) and followed up until delivery. This analysis focused on a cohort of 1002 women who were primigravid, had singleton live births, had longitudinal measures of gestational weight, and whose mid-pregnancy plasma samples underwent analysis for 18 proteins.

Results
Higher plasma concentrations of leptin (mean difference in GWG percent adequacy comparing highest with lowest quartiles: 10.24; 95% CI 3.31, 17.16; p-trend = 0.003) and chitinase-3-like protein-1 (CH3L1) (mean difference in GWG percent adequacy comparing highest with lowest quartiles: 7.02; 95% CI 0.31, 13.72; p-trend = 0.007) were associated with greater GWG in a dose-response pattern. Higher leptin concentrations were associated with a lower risk of inadequate GWG (risk ratio comparing highest with lowest quartiles: 0.77; 95% CI 0.65, 0.91; p-trend = 0.001) and a higher risk of excessive GWG (risk ratio comparing highest with lowest quartiles: 1.57; 95% CI 1.03, 2.39; p-trend = 0.03). Higher CH3L1 concentrations were associated with a higher risk of excessive GWG (p-trend = 0.007). The associations of leptin and CH3L1 with inadequate GWG were stronger during the second than the third trimester. The other 16 proteins examined were not significantly associated with GWG.

Conclusions
Mid-pregnancy plasma leptin concentrations may be associated with GWG and have clinical predictive utility in identifying women at a higher risk of inadequate or excessive gestational weight gain.
Effective nutrition governance is correlated with better nutrition outcomes in Nepal
Authors: Namirembe Grace , Shrestha Robin , Mezzano Julieta , Ausman Lynne M. , Davis Dale , Baral Kedar , Ghosh Shibani , Shively Gerald , Webb Patrick 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The public health burden of undernutrition remains heavy and widespread, especially in low-income countries like Nepal. While predictors of undernutrition are well documented, few studies have examined the effects of political will and quality of policy or program implementation on child growth.

Methods
Data were collected from two nationwide studies in Nepal to determine the relationship between a metric of nutrition ‘governance’ (the Nutrition Governance Index), derived from interviews with 520 government and non-government officials responsible for policy implementation and anthropometry measured for 6815 children in 5556 households. We employed Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) and multilevel regression models.

Results
A higher NGI (more effective nutrition governance) is positively associated with height-for-age as well as weight-for-height in children over 2 years of age compared to younger children (HAZ; β = 0.02, p < 0.004, WHZ; β = 0.01, p < 0.37). Results from the hierarchical model show that a one-point increase in the NGI is significantly associated with a 12% increase in HAZ and a 4% increase in WHZ in older children (> 24 months old). Mothers’ education, child’s age, BMI and no fever in the past 30 days were also protective of stunting and wasting. Seven percent and 17% of the overall variance in HAZ and WHZ, respectively, are accounted for by variations across the 21 district locations in which sampled households were located. Mean HAZ differs considerably across districts (intercept = 0.116, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
These results highlight the importance of effective management of policy-based programming and resource use to bring about nutrition gains on the ground. The NGI explained a non-negligible amount of variation in HAZ and WHZ, which underscores the fundamental role that good governance plays in promoting child nutrition and growth, and the value of seeking to measure it to assist governments in moving policies from paper to practice.
Ileal Dieulafoy lesion arose 15 years after partial small bowel resection for meconium obstruction of the neonate: a case report
Authors: Iwamoto Maho , Koshinaga Tsugumichi , Fujita Eri , Hanada Manabu , Uehara Shuichiro , Moriyama Mitsuhiko 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Anastomotic or perianastomotic ulcers present with symptoms such as chronic anaemia and occult bleeding as long-term complications of bowel resection performed in infancy.

Case presentation
Herein, we describe a 15-year-old girl with a history of surgery for meconium obstruction without mucoviscidosis in infancy who was hospitalized with chief complaints of presyncope and convulsions. Seven hours after admission, she developed melena and went into shock. An emergency laparotomy was performed, and a Dieulafoy lesion was detected near the site of ileal anastomosis from the surgery that had been performed during infancy.

Conclusions
Although overt massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding necessitating emergency care is rare in the long term after infant bowel resection, Dieulafoy lesions can cause serious bleeding, requiring rapid life-saving haemostatic procedures.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and well-being of people living with a long-term physical health condition: a qualitative study
Authors: Fisher A. , Roberts A. , McKinlay A. R. , Fancourt D. , Burton A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions caused major global disruption. Individuals with long-term physical health conditions (LTCs) are at higher risk of severe illness and often subject to the strictest pandemic guidance, so may be disproportionally affected. The aim of this study was to qualitatively explore how living with a LTC during the COVID-19 pandemic affected people’s mental health and wellbeing.

Methods
Participants were people living with LTCs who participated in telephone/video call interviews based on a semi-structured topic guide. Key themes and subthemes were determined using deductive and inductive thematic analysis.

Results
The sample included 32 participants with LTCs (most commonly cancer, respiratory conditions or cardiovascular diseases), mean age 57 (SD 13) years, 66% female and 72% white British. There were four overarching themes specific to living with a LTC. These were 1) high levels of fear and anxiety related to perceived consequences of catching COVID-19, 2) impact of shielding/isolation on mental health and wellbeing, 3) experience of healthcare during the pandemic and 4) anxiety created by uncertainty about the future. Fourteen subthemes were identified, including concerns about accessing essential supplies and the importance of social support. Individuals who lived alone and were advised to shield could be profoundly negatively affected.

Conclusions
This study found that there were a number of aspects of living with a LTC during the pandemic that had a significant impact on mental health and well-being. There should be focus on how best to provide practical and social support to people with LTCs during a pandemic, particularly if they have to shield or isolate.
Free Time For Wellness: a co-designed intervention utilizing social networks to encourage physical activity for cancer prevention among low resourced mothers
Authors: Houghton Lauren C. , Gibbons Marley P. , Shekelle Jeanette , Oakley-Girvan Ingrid , Watterson Jessica L. , Magsamen-Conrad Kate , Jones Cheryl , Gokal Kajal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Physical activity is central to chronic disease prevention. Low resource mothers face structural barriers preventing them from increasing their physical activity to reduce their chronic disease risk. We co-designed an intervention, with the ultimate goal of building social cohesion through social media to increase physical activity for low resourced mothers in urban settings.

Methods
In 2019, we interviewed 10 mothers of children (< 12 years) living in Washington Heights, Manhattan. The interviews were transcribed and coded for themes that guided the creation of a co-design workshop. Washington Heights-based mothers (n = 16) attended a co-design workshop to generate the blueprint for the Free Time for Wellness intervention.

Results
Mothers in our sample had limited time, external support and resources, which hindered them from increasing their physical activity; we learned that in addition to physical health, mental health was a concern for participants. Participants had varying degrees of self-efficacy and trust in social media. Bringing mothers and researchers together in a co-design workshop, we identified types of physical activities they would enjoy participating in, the ideal time to do so, the kind of childcare they needed, and their preferences for communication with the community champion. The interviews and workshop highlighted the need for a community space that mothers and children could co-occupy. The intervention was designed to be 3 months’ worth of sample programming with one activity per week, rotating between dance, yoga, food pantry visits and group playdates. Participants were invited to bring their children to a space with one room for the ‘participants only’ activity and a second room in which professional childcare providers supervised the children.

Conclusions
Through this two-phased co-design process, we created an intervention with mothers in an urban community with the goal of using social media to bring them together for wellness, primarily through increased physical activity. Despite the co-design of this intervention with a specific community, there are some universal applications of our findings, and of the use of co-design workshops, to other settings.
Endobronchial closure of the bronchopleural fistula with the ventricular septal defect occluder: a case series
Authors: Bai Yang , Li Yishi , Chi Jing , Guo Shuliang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The ventricular septal defect (VSD) occluder has been reported to be a novel method for the closure of bronchopleural fistula (BPF). Our study was to confirm the use of VSD occluder in treating BPF after pneumonectomy or lobectomy.

Methods

We performed a single-center, retrospective study of 10 consecutive patients (8 men and 2 women aged 29–70 years) with postoperative BPF receiving the VSD occluder treatment. We used the HeartR™ Membranous VSD occluder (Lifetech Scientific Co., Shenzhen, China) for the closure of BPF through flexible bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Demographic characteristics, BPF characteristics, and clinical outcomes were collected from patients’ files using the standardized data abstraction forms.

Results
The underlying diseases were lung cancer in 6 patients, pulmonary tuberculosis in 3, and bronchiectasis in 1. Right-sided BPFs occurred in 6 patients, and left-sided BPFs occurred in 4. Five patients were underweight with a body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2. The VSD was placed in all 10 patients with a 100% technical success rate and a 70% complete closure rate during follow-up with no complications, on a median follow-up period of 115 days (range 46–975 days). In 1 patient, the VSD occluder was reinstalled with complete closure; in 1 and 2 patients with underweight and chronic empyema, the VSD occluders partially and completely failed with good physical tolerance, respectively.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated the bronchoscopic closure of BPF after lung resection using the VSD occluder is an off-label but safe and effective method. We prefer to stabilize the BPF by eradicating the underlying diseases and providing nutritional support to those receiving VSD occluder closure treatment.
Outcomes of adjunctive surgery for nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease
Authors: Kim Joong-Yub , Park Samina , Park In Kyu , Kang Chang Hyun , Kim Young Tae , Koh Jaemoon , Yim Jae-Joon , Kwak Nakwon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Owing to the unsatisfactory results of antibiotic treatment alone, surgical resection is currently considered as adjunctive therapy in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD). However, reports regarding the outcomes of surgery vary considerably by institution. Here, we investigated the surgical outcomes and risk factors associated with unfavorable outcomes after surgery.

Methods

We analyzed patients with NTM-PD who underwent pulmonary resection at Seoul National University Hospital between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2020, and assessed the types of surgical procedures, complications, and long-term outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors associated with treatment refractoriness or recurrence after surgery.

Results
Among 67 patients who underwent surgery during the study period, the most common indication for surgery was persistent culture positivity despite rigorous medical treatment (80.6%), followed by longstanding cavitary lesions or radiographic aggravation (10.4%) and massive hemoptysis (4.5%). Among 53 patients with positive mycobacterial cultures at the time of surgery, 38 (71.7%) achieved initial negative culture conversion, 9 (17.0%) of whom experienced recurrence. Nine (13.4%) patients experienced postoperative complications, which were managed without lasting morbidity and mortality. Female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 6.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–42.4; P = .046), preoperative positive mycobacterial culture (aOR 5.87; 95 %CI 1.04–33.08; P = .045), and residual lesions (aOR 6.86; 95 %CI 1.49–31.56; P = .013) were associated with refractoriness or recurrence.

Conclusions
Pulmonary resection is a reasonable treatment modality for patients with refractory NTM-PD or major complications such as massive hemoptysis. The potential risk factors associated with unfavorable outcomes included female sex, preoperative positive mycobacterial culture, and residual lesions after surgery.
Prediction of oral squamous cell carcinoma based on machine learning of breath samples: a prospective controlled study
Authors: Mentel Sophia , Gallo Kathleen , Wagendorf Oliver , Preissner Robert , Nahles Susanne , Heiland Max , Preissner Saskia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of breath testing as a method of cancer detection in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).MethodsBreath analysis was performed in 35 OSCC patients prior to surgery. In 22 patients, a subsequent breath test was carried out after surgery. Fifty healthy subjects were evaluated in the control group. Breath sampling was standardized regarding location and patient preparation. All analyses were performed using gas chromatography coupled with ion mobility spectrometry and machine learning.ResultsDifferences in imaging as well as in pre- and postoperative findings of OSCC patients and healthy participants were observed. Specific volatile organic compound signatures were found in OSCC patients. Samples from patients and healthy individuals could be correctly assigned using machine learning with an average accuracy of 86–90%.ConclusionsBreath analysis to determine OSCC in patients is promising, and the identification of patterns and the implementation of machine learning require further assessment and optimization. Larger prospective studies are required to use the full potential of machine learning to identify disease signatures in breath volatiles.
Detection of Epstein-Barr virus encoded small RNA genes in oral squamous cell carcinoma and non-cancerous oral cavity samples
Authors: Zebardast Arghavan , Yahyapour Yousef , Majidi Maryam Seyed , Chehrazi Mohammad , Sadeghi Farzin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is a human oncogenic virus that can lead to cancer in lymphoid and epithelial cells and is one of the hypothesized causes of oral cavity lesions including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but the etiological association remains undetermined. The present investigation aimed to explore the EBV presence, viral load, and EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) sequence variation in tissue samples of patients with OSCC and other oral cavity lesions including oral lichen planus (OLP), and oral irritation fibroma (OIF).

Methods
In total, 88 oral cavity samples (23 with OSCC, 29 with OLP, and 36 with OIF diagnosis) were examined by Real-Time PCR technique and some of them were sequenced.

Results
Viral EBER sequence was detected in 6 out of the 23 OSCC (31.4%), 6 out of the 29 OLP (20.7%), and 3 out of the 36 OIF cases (8.3%). The mean EBV copy number was higher in OSCC samples (1.2 × 10−2 ± 1.3 × 10−2 copies/cell) compared to OLP (2.2 × 10−3 ± 2.6 × 10−3 copies/cell) and OIF (2.4 × 10−4 ± 2.0 × 10−4 copies/cell) samples, although this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.318). The EBER gene was amplified and sequenced in 5 OSCC, 3 OLP, and 2 OIF samples with high EBV viral load. One OSCC, two OLP, and two OIF isolates showed different nucleotide variations compared with EBV-WT and AG876 prototype sequences: C6834T, C6870T, C6981T, C7085T, C7085G, and C7094T.

Conclusion
In our study the presence of more than one genome copies per tumor cell indicates the possible role of EBV infection in oral cancers. However, more studies should be conducted to clarify the role of EBV in OSCC carcinogenesis.
Torreya nucifera seed oil improves 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation
Authors: Koh Eunbi , Kim Boram , Choi Kyungoh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAdipose tissue is a critical regulator of lipid storage and endocrine function. Impairment of the recruitment of new adipocytes in the adipose tissue is associated with ectopic fat accumulation, diabetes and insulin resistance.Torreya nucifera, an evergreen conifer that grows in warm temperate climates, has been found to exert beneficial effects against inflammation, infection and diabetes. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these effects at the cellular level remain unknown. This study aimed to investigate effects ofTorreya nuciferaseed oil (TNSO) on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and its underlying regulatory mechanism.MethodsTo investigate the effects of TNSO on adipocyte differentiation, 3T3-L1 cells were induced to differentiate for 5 days in the presence of 0.75 μL/mL TNSO. Oil Red O staining and an assay for intracellular triglyceride were performed to determine the extent of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of TNSO, adipogenic gene expression was analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR. Moreover, we monitored TNSO-derived activation of PPARγ and STAT3 with 3T3-L1 reporter cell lines engineered to secreteGaussialuciferase upon the interaction of a transcription factor to its DNA binding element.ResultsOil Red O staining revealed that TNSO improved the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. The mRNA levels of adipogenic genes, including adiponectin, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4), were upregulated and intracellular triglyceride levels increased upon TNSO treatment. We also established that adipocyte differentiation was improved by TNSO-derived activation of PPARγ and STAT3.ConclusionsOur results suggest that TNSO improves adipocyte differentiation by regulating the activation of adipogenic transcription factors, indicating that it may serve as a potential treatment strategy for adipocyte dysfunction.