bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational Modelling of Dual-Phase Lag Bioheat Process in Cooling of Cutaneous Tissue Exposed to High Heating for Burn Injury Prediction
Authors: Oguntala George , Hu Yim Fun , Sobamowo Gbeminiyi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Heat transfer in biological systems is critical in analytic and therapeutic burn applications. Timely burn evaluation and appropriate clinical management are critical to ameliorate the treatment outcome of burn patients. To apply appropriate burn treatment, it is necessary to understand the thermal parameters of the skin. The paper aims to model the non-Fourier bioheat process in the human skin using a multi-domain trivariate spectral collocation method to determine skin burn injury with non-ideal properties of tissue, blood perfusion and metabolism. The skin tissue internal water evaporation during direct heating is considered. Parametric studies on the effects of skin tissue properties, initial temperature, blood perfusion rate and heat transfer parameters for the thermal response and exposure time of triple-layer cutaneous tissues are carried out. The study shows that the initial tissue temperature, the thermal conductivity of the epidermis and dermis, relaxation and thermalisation time and convective heat transfer coefficient are critical parameters necessary for skin burn injury baseline examination. The thermal conductivity and blood perfusion rate also exhibit negligible effects on the burn injury threshold of the cutaneous tissue. The present study is aimed to assist burn evaluation for reliable experimentation, design and optimisation of thermal therapy delivery.
Human Bone Marrow-Derived, Pooled, Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Manufactured From Multiple Donors at Different Times Show Comparable Biological Functions in Vitro, and in Vivo to Repair Limb Ischemia
Authors: Thej Charan , Balasubramanian Sudha , Rengasamy Mathiyazhagan , Walvekar Ankita , Swamynathan Priyanka , Raj Swathi Sundar , Shahani Pradnya , Siddikuzzaman  , Kolkundkar Udaykumar , Seetharam Raviraja N , Gupta Pawan Kumar , Majumdar Anish Sen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: We have previously demonstrated that a pooled population of BM-derived, allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSC), Stempeucel®-1, produced under good manufacturing practices (GMP) conditions, showed clinical efficacy and safety in patients suffering from critical limb ischemia (CLI) due to Buerger's disease. While Stempeucel®-1 is currently used for CLI and other clinical indications, we wanted to ensure that the product's continuity is addressed by developing and characterizing a second-generation of pooled product (Stempeucel®-1A), manufactured identically from a second BM aspirates of the same three donors after a two-year interval.Methods: The two versions of Stempeucel® were manufactured and subjected to gene and protein expression analysis. The nature of various growth factors/cytokines secreted, and immunomodulatory activity of these two cell populations were compared directly by various in vitro assays. The preclinical efficacy of these two cell types was compared in an experimental model of hind limb ischemia (HLI) in BALB/c nude mice. The reversal of ischemia, blood flow and muscle regeneration were determined by functional scoring, Laser Doppler Imaging and immunohistochemical analyses. Results: Qualitative and quantitative analyses of genes and proteins involved in promoting angiogenic activity and immune regulatory functions revealed high levels of correlation between Stempeucel®-1 and Stempeucel®-1A cell populations. Moreover, i.m administration of these two cell products in the ischemic limbs of BALB/c nude mice showed significant repair (>70%) of toe and foot necrosis, leading to improved ambulatory function and limb salvage. Furthermore, a biodistribution kinetics study showed that Stempeucel®-1 was mostly localized in the ischemic muscles of mice for a significantly longer time compared to normal muscles, thus playing an essential role in modulating and reversing HLI damage. Conclusions: This study shows that with a reproducible manufacturing procedure, it is possible to generate large numbers of pooled mesenchymal stromal cells from human bone marrow samples to establish product equivalence. We conclude from these results that, for the first time, two pooled, allogeneic BMMSC products can be repeatedly manufactured at different time intervals using a two-tier cell banking process with robust and comparable angiogenic properties to treat ischemic diseases.
Effects of Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound on Expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in Premature Ovarian Failure Mice Induced by 4-Vinylcyclohexene Diepoxide
Authors: Xu Haopeng , Xia Yi , Qin Juan , Xu Jie , Li Chongyan , Wang Yan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPremature ovarian failure (POF) is a common disease in the field of gynecological. This study was performed to determine the effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on granulosa cells (GCs) apoptosis and protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 in 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-induced POF mice. The aim of this research is to investigate the mechanisms of LIPUS on ovarian function and reserve capacity.MethodsThe current POF mice model was administrated with VCD (160 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection for 15 consecutive days. The mice were divided into POF group, LIPUS group and control group. In the LIPUS group, the right ovary of mice was treated by LIPUS (acoustic intensity was 200 mW/cm2, frequency was 0.3 MHz, and duty cycle was 20%) for 20 minutes, 15 consecutive days from day 16. The mice of the POF group and control group were treated without ultrasonic output. The basic observation, Hematoxylin and eosin staining (H&E staining), TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry were applied to detect the results.ResultsThe results showed that VCD can induce estrus cycle disorder, follicular atresia and GCs apoptosis in mice to establish POF model successfully. LIPUS significantly promoted follicular development, inhibited excessive follicular atresia and GCs apoptosis. The mechanism may be achieved by increasing the protein expression of Bcl-2 and decreasing the expression of Bax in ovaries.ConclusionsThese findings have the potential to provide novel methodological foundation for the future research, which help treat POF patients in the clinic.
Oocyte Survival and Development During Follicle Formation and Folliculogenesis in Mice Lacking Aromatase
Authors: Toothaker Jessica M. , Roosa Kristen , Voss Alexandra , Getman Suzanne M. , Pepling Melissa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAssembly of oocytes into primordial follicles is essential for establishing the ovarian reserve required for female fertility. In mice, this process begins during embryonic development. Primordial germ cells form cysts by incomplete mitosis until 13.5 days post coitum (dpc). These cysts break down just before birth. Some oocytes undergo apoptosis while surviving oocytes are enclosed by granulosa cells to form primordial follicles. Cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation were previously shown to be inhibited by estradiol and estrogenic compounds in vitro, suggesting that estrogen is important for regulation of this process. MethodsTo determine the role of fetal estrogen in cyst breakdown and follicle formation these processes were quantified in aromatase deficient (ArKO) mice between 17.5 dpc and postnatal day (PND) 9. Ovaries of ArKO mice were also examined at 2-week intervals to determine if folliculogenesis is affected by lack of estrogen and the age at which the typical ArKO ovarian phenotype first appears. ResultsOocyte number, follicle assembly and follicle development in ArKO mice did not differ from controls between 17.5 dpc and PND9 except for a difference in the proportion of follicles at the primordial and primary stage at PND7. At 2 weeks, ArKO heterozygous and homozygous ovaries still had oocytes in cyst while all oocytes were enclosed in follicles in wildtype ovaries. From 2 to 8 weeks oocyte numbers were similar in all genotypes though there was a trend toward fewer total oocytes in ArKO homozygous females as compared to controls at 8 weeks and a significant reduction at 10 weeks. Abnormal structures such as hemorrhagic follicles and hemosiderin deposits were also observed starting at 6 weeks. ConclusionsThese results suggest that a lack of fetal estrogen does not affect the rate of cyst breakdown or primordial follicle formation perinatally, and maternal estrogen or other signals are the chief regulators. Furthermore, the typical ArKO ovarian phenotype occurs earlier than previously reported.
Effect of Antithyroid Antibodies in the First Trimester on Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Xie Jilai , Huang Changchang , Zhao Qiaohang , Zhou Ping , Jiang Lihong , Yu Danqing , Shen Yayu , Feng Chun , Jin Min 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Some women at reproductive age have positive antithyroid antibodies (ATAs). ATA includes thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb). Women with ATAs, no matter with or without thyroid dysfunction, they have a higher risk of adverse reproductive outcomes, such as infertility, miscarriage and preterm birth.Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of ATAs on maturation of women reproductive system and pregnancy outcomes. And it’s a prospective study, performed in three independent centers from January 2019 to June 2020. Women were tested for TSH, free T3, free T4, total T3, total T4, TPOAb and/or TgAb. They were divided into four groups: TPOAb+TgAb+, TPOAb+TgAb-, TPOAb-TgAb+ and TPOAb-TgAb-. Descriptive statistics were obtained for all the parameters. Mean and standard deviation were used for all quantitative parameters. The continuous variables that were nonnormally distributed were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The χ2 test or Fisher exact test was used to compare categorical variables.Results: A total of 3457 women undergoing TPOAb and/or TgAb testing were enrolled in this study. 13.77% and 16.85% women were positive for TPOAb and TgAb, respectively. TgAb positivity had a strong correlation with TPOAb (F=1160.568, P＜0.001). ATAs had no effect on age of menarche and menstrual cycle. Some obstetric complications occurred in both positive subjects, but TPOAb, TgAb and TSH alone or in combination cannot predict the presence of complications during pregnancy. Administration of L-T4 to pregnant women with TSH 2.5-4.94mIU/ml may reduce the risk of PROM in ATA- women. Of the women with one or two ATAs, there were no significant differences between LT4 therapy group and untreated group in other pregnancy outcomes.Conclusion: TPOAb or TgAb is probably not the main reason for poor pregnancy outcomes.
Adverse Neonatal Outcomes and Its Associated Factors Among Mothers with Short and Recommended Interpregnancy Interval, in Awi Zone Public Hospitals, 2020.
Authors: Fetene Jemberu Chane , Mulat Amlaku , Wudineh kihinetu Gelaye , Wubet Tigist 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background: Short interpregnancy interval is among modifiable risk factors for maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes for planned pregnancies. It is potentially associated with adverse neonatal outcomes which are known to have considerable public health significance. In Ethiopia neonatal mortality was found to be high according to recent mini Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey Report. More importantly information about adverse neonatal outcomes in relation to interpregnancy interval is poorly described yet in Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Awi zone public hospitals. A total of 482 mothers (241 with short and 241 with recommended IPI) were selected. The data was collected by using systematic random sampling technique through pretested structured questionnaire and entered in to Epi data version 3.1 then exported to Statistical Package of Social Science version 23.0 for analysis. Chi-square and independent t-test were used to compare means. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses was employed to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio with a confidence interval of 95% and P value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant.Result: Among a total of selected mothers with short and recommended Interpregnancy interval (IPI) response rate was 237 (98.3%) and 238 (98.7%) respectively. Proportion of adverse neonatal outcomes were higher among short IPI groups (37.1%). Factors like, rural residence [AOR=6.9, 95%CI (3.32, 14.59)], and Cesarean section delivery [AOR=3.4, 95%CI (1.18, 10.09)] were significantly associated with adverse neonatal outcomes in short IPI groups. Factors like rural residence [AOR=6.1, 95%CI (2.11, 17.7)], unintended pregnancy [AOR=5.3, 95%CI (1.11, 25.00)], rupture of membrane [AOR=6.89, 95%CI (2.54, 18.65)] and induction of labor [AOR=13.4, 95%CI (3.17, 21.77)] were significantly associated in recommended IPI groups.Conclusion: Urban residency and vaginal mode of delivery were significantly associated with less risk of adverse neonatal outcomes in both IPI groups. Whereas, intended pregnancy status, spontaneous labor initiation and absence of ROM before labor were protective for adverse neonatal outcomes in recommended IPI mothers. Provision of proper health service coverage at rural area and minimizing C/S rate to reduce adverse neonatal outcome is recommended.
Hyperthyroidism as a Potential Risk Factor for Placental Abruption: A Case Control Study
Authors: Kotani Tomomi , Imai Kenji , Ushida Takafumi , Moriyama Yoshinori , Kobayashi Tomoko , Osuka Satoko , Tsuda Hiroyuki , Sumigama Seiji , Yamamoto Eiko , Hirakawa Akihiro , Iwase Akira , Kikkawa Fumitaka , Kajiyama Hiroaki 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
BackgroundOvert hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism are associated with pregnancy complications; however, most women with these conditions are diagnosed before conception and are under treatment during pregnancy, especially in the developed countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate pregnancy complications among these women.MethodsA retrospective case-control study was conducted, and data on 3824 pregnant women who gave birth at Nagoya University Hospital located in Japan from 2005 to 2014 was collected. The pregnancy outcomes were divided and compared among three groups: the control group (n = 3709), the hyperthyroidism group (n = 52) and the hypothyroidism group (n = 63). Risk factors for placental abruption were also evaluated in singleton pregnancies (n = 3588) by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Moreover, in hyperthyroidism, thyroid function was also compared between successful and failed placentation group, and the latter group included placental abruption and preeclampsia. ResultsThe incidence of placental abruption was significantly higher in hyperthyroidism than in control and hypothyroidism groups (p < 0.01). Hyperthyroidism was independently associated with an increased risk of placental abruption (adjusted odds ratio = 12.52, 95% confidence interval = 2.91–53.88). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) was significantly lower in failed placentation group than in successful placentation group (p < 0.05). ConclusionAccording to the results of our study, pregnancy outcomes in women with treated hypothyroidism were comparable with those in women without thyroid disease. Conversely, women with treated hyperthyroidism showed an independent risk of placental abruption, which might be related with lower TSH level at early gestation. However, further research is required to validate our findings.
The Prediction of Maternal Serum Alpha Fetoprotein Level and Fetal Nuchal Translucency, Forcases Involving Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Chen Yiming , Chen Yijie , Chen Lei , Ning Wenwen , Wang Xiaoying , Zhang Zhifen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether the values of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and fetal nuchal translucency (NT) during the first and second trimesters can predict preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM). Methods: This retrospective case-control study analyzed the first and second trimester screening indicators and maternal outcomes of gravidas who were divided into the Non-PPROM group (594) and the PPROM group (591). Binary logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the OR and 95% CI. ROC and AUC were used for screening performance of AFP and NT. Results: The values of NT and AFP in the PPROM group were higher than the control group and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference with respect to PAPP-A, free-β hCG, and the calculated risk of trisomy 18 (all P>0.05). Binary logistic regression showed that NT and AFP MoM were risk factors for PPROM, with ORs of 1.719 and 3.549, respectively. The AUC according to the ROC for NT, AFP MoM and maternal weight in the first trimester +NT+AFP were 0.552, 0.618 and 0.630. Conclusions: NT and AFP during the first and second trimesters were identified as risk factors for PPROM and valuable markers to predict PPROM in late pregnancy. Multi-index joint prediction was more effective.
Epidemiological Trends of Maternal Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy at the Global, Regional, and National Levels: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Wang Wei , Xie Xin , Yuan Ting , Wang Yanyan , Zhao Fei , Zhou Zhangjian , Zhang Hao 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background. To report the cause-specific prevalence and trends of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy at global, regional and national levels from 1990 to 2019 by age and sociodemographic index.Methods. For hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, point prevalence, annual incidence, and years lived with disability numbers and age standardized rates per 100,000 population were compared across regional and national levels by age and sociodemographic index using data from the global Burden of Disease 2019 Study. Estimates are reported with uncertainty intervals.Results. The incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy increased from 16.30 million to 18.08 million globally, with a total increase of 10.92% from 1990 to 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate decreased, with an estimated annual percentage change of -0.68 (95% CI -0.49 to -0.86). The number of deaths due to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy was approximately 27.83 thousand in 2019. This was a 30.05% decreased from 1990. Based on the incidence and prevalence, the number of deaths and years lived with disability were highest in the group aged 25-29 years, followed by the groups aged 30-34 and 20-24 years, while the estimated incidence rate was lowest in the group aged 25-29 years and higher in the youngest and oldest groups. Positive associations between incidence and sociodemographic index and human development index were found for all countries and regions in 2019. Age-standardized incidence rates were higher in countries/regions with lower sociodemographic indices and human development indices.Conclusion. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the global burden of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The death and incidence burdens are decreasing in most countries and all regions except low-sociodemographic and -human development index areas. This is mainly because attention to prenatal examinations and health education has increased. Further investigations should focus on forecasting the global disease burden of specific hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and modifiable risk factors.
Establishment and Evaluation of a Nomogram For Prediction of Peritoneal Metastasis in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zheng Jin , Shi Weibin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background Peritoneal metastasis is a critical way of metastasis for gastric cancer, patients with which tend to have poor prognosis. Laparoscopy or laparotomy is still major approach to diagnose peritoneal metastasis presently. This study was aimed to explore the factors affecting peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer and establish a nomogram to predict that preoperatively. Methods 1002 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery without distant organ metastasis was collected in the study. The nomogram was built with variables selected by univariate logistical regression and LASSO, and evaluated with internal and external validation ROC curve.Results Three factors including carbohydrate antigen 125, carbohydrate antigen 242 and serosal invasion or not of primary tumor were enrolled in the nomogram. The AUC value was0.922 (95%CI 0.897~0.947) in internal validation and 0.934 (95%CI 0.852~1.000) in external validation. Conclusions This study developed a nomogram with risk factors easily accessible before surgery in patients with gastric cancer, which can predict the probability of peritoneal metastasis well and would be helpful for clinicians to make appropriate therapy strategies.
Impact of Implementation of Sequential Trauma Education Programs (STEPs) Course on Missed Injuries in Emergency Polytrauma Patients, Ismailia, Egypt
Authors: Elbaih Adel Hamed , El-Setouhy Maged , Hirshon Jon Mark , El-Hariri Hazem Mohamed , El-Shinawi Mohamed 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
IntroductionTrauma deaths account for 8% of all deaths in Egypt. Patients with multiple injuries are at high risk but may be saved with a good triage system and a well-trained trauma team in dedicated institutions. The incidence of missed injuries in the Emergency Department (ED) of Suez Canal University Hospital (SCUH) was found to be 9.0% after applying Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) guidelines. However, this rate is still high compared with many trauma centers.AimImprove the quality of management of polytrauma patients by decreasing the incidence of missed injuries by implementing the Sequential Trauma Education Programs (STEPs) course in the ED at SCUH.MethodsThis interventional training study was conducted in the SCUH ED that adheres to CONSORT guidelines. The study was conducted during the 1-month precourse and for 6 months after the implementation of the STEPs course for ED physicians. Overall, 458 polytrauma patients were randomly selected, of which 45 were found to have missed injuries after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We assessed the clinical relevance of these cases for missed injuries before and after the STEPs course.ResultsOverall, 45 patients were found to have missed injuries, of which 15 (12%) were pre-STEPs and 30 (9%) were post-STEPs course. The STEPs course significantly increased adherence to vital data recording, but the reduction of missed injuries (3.0%) was not statistically significant in relation to demographic and trauma findings. However, the decrease in missed injuries in the post-STEPs course group was an essential clinically significant finding.ConclusionSTEPs course implementation decreased the incidence of missed injuries in polytrauma patients. Thus, the STEPs course can be considered at the same level of other advanced trauma courses as a training skills program or possibly better in dealing with trauma patients. Repetition of this course by physicians should be mandatory to prevent more missed injuries. Therefore, the validation of STEPs course certification should be completed at least every 2 years to help decrease the number of missed injuries, especially in low-income countries and low-resource settings.Trial RegistrationProject manager for the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (www.pactr.org) database has been accepted with the date of approval:18/11/2020. Current Controlled Trials number for the registry is PACTR202011853914203. Please note that the article state Retrospectively registered that my study adheres to CONSORT guidelines.