bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gestational Exposure to Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Childhood
Authors: Tain You-Lin , Li Lung-Chih , Kuo Hsiao-Ching , Chen Chiu-Ju , Hsu Chien-Ning 
Published: December 2024

ImportanceGestational exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may increase the risk of adverse fetal kidney outcomes. However, details regarding timing, specific NSAIDs, and long-term childhood kidney outcomes are limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between gestational exposure to NSAIDs and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis national cohort study assessed 1 025 255 children born alive in Taiwan from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2017, with follow-up until December 31, 2021. Children without valid maternal-child linkage and with incomplete birth information were excluded. Data analysis was performed from November 30, 2023, to April 30, 2024.ExposureMaternal prescriptions for NSAIDs from the last menstrual period to birth.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcome was childhood CKD, including congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and other kidney diseases. Cox proportional hazards regression models with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (weighted hazard ratio [wHR]) and a robust sandwich estimator were used to estimate the relative risk of NSAID exposure in pregnancy, adjusted for newborn characteristics.ResultsThis study included 163 516 singleton-born children (24.0%) whose mothers (mean [SD] age at birth of child, 31.25 [4.92] years) used at least 1 dispensing of an NSAID during pregnancy. Gestational NSAID exposure was significantly associated with a higher risk of childhood CKD (wHR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.15). No association was observed between NSAID use and fetal nephrotoxicity in sibling comparisons. Elevated risks were revealed for exposure during the second trimester (wHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.11-1.28) and the third trimester (wHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03-1.22) in singleton-born children. Specific NSAID exposures associated with higher CKD risk included indomethacin (wHR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.10-2.60) and ketorolac (wHR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.01-1.62) in the first trimester, diclofenac (wHR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13-1.42) and mefenamic acid (wHR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.15-1.46) in the second trimester, and ibuprofen (wHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07-1.68) in the third trimester.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, gestational exposure to NSAIDs was not associated with a substantial increase in the risk of childhood CKD when comparing between siblings. However, the findings underscore the need for caution when prescribing NSAIDs during pregnancy, particularly indomethacin and ketorolac in the first trimester, mefenamic acid and diclofenac in the second trimester, and ibuprofen in the third trimester, to ensure the safety of the offspring’s kidneys.
Effect of Density and Thickness of Steel–Steel Composite Metal Foam on Its Full‐Scale Torch Fire Response
Authors: Amoafo‐Yeboah Nigel , Rabiei Afsaneh 
Published: December 2024

Tank cars carrying hazardous materials require fire and thermal protection to prevent disasters in case of accidents. A material with a combination of improved insulating thermal properties and impact resistance within the tank car skin can mitigate the repercussions of such accidents. Steel–steel composite metal foam (S–S CMF) is a novel material with properties that is being investigated for such applications. It is made up of metallic hollow spheres closely packed together within a metallic matrix. To corroborate the effectiveness of this material for the abovementioned application, a full‐scale torch fire test based on the 49 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 179, Appendix B must be conducted on 4 × 4 ft (1219.2 × 1219.2 mm) samples, where they are required to withstand a 30 min high velocity jet fire at 1204 ± 55.6 °C, by not recording a temperature higher than 427 °C on the unexposed side of the samples within 30 min. It is necessary to determine the critical thickness of CMF for which the test would pass; however it would be costly to do this experimentally and thus, a numerical simulation must be conducted to predict the optimum parameters that can address the torch fire requirements. This study outlines the procedure adhered to in modeling the torch fire test and investigates the effect of thickness and density on the thermal response of the S–S CMF. Fire Dynamics Simulator and COMSOL Multiphysics are utilized to compare the one dimesional and three dimensional modeling of S–S CMF response to a full‐scale torch fire test. Investigation shows that the thickness and density of the material play a significant role in how it responds under torch fire conditions.
Lasing in Crystals Based on 7‐Azaindole‐Phenylhydrazone Organoboron Compounds
Authors: Álvarez‐Conde Javier , Fernández‐Liencres M. Paz , Jiménez‐Pulido Sonia B. , Martín Cristina , Navarro Amparo , Cabanillas‐González Juan , García‐Frutos Eva M. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe development of efficient organic solid‐state lasers requires an in‐depth understanding between chemical structure, intermolecular interactions in the crystal phase, and optical and electronic properties. This study highlights these closed dependencies in novel 7‐azaindole phenylhydrazone derivatives and their corresponding boron complexes, by deploying a combined approach of experimental techniques and theoretical calculations (Density Functional Theory and Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory) in the solvated and solid‐state phase. Notably, it is found that when these compounds, which are weakly emissive in solution, are processed into crystalline microfibers, they experience a sharp emission enhancement and exhibit laser action at low pump fluence thresholds. This is achieved by partially inhibiting structural relaxation, which drives non‐radiative decay, a critical factor for effective lasing, highlighting the potential of these materials for future optoelectronic applications.
Black Hole Quenchers for SERRS Imaging of CXCR4 Expression at Single‐Cell Level During Treatment
Authors: Zhu Congzheng , Li Jin , Chen Xinru , Fu Longwen , Zhang Zhiyang , Wang Yunqing , Wang Xiaoyan , Chen Lingxin 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is recently regarded as a valuable biomarker for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis but lacks available imaging reagents. Surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) with resonant dyes has emerged as a powerful tool for single‐cell imaging because of the electronically enhanced vibrational fingerprint signals. However, resonant Raman signals are often overwhelmed by accompanying fluorescence backgrounds. To address this, two black hole quenchers (BHQs) are designed as visible resonance Raman reporters with absolutely nonfluorescent readouts. Ultrafast spectroscopy elucidates that the nonfluorescent mechanism of the reporters originates from the ultrafast internal conversion at the subpicosecond scale that quenches the excited states of fluorescence. SERRS nanoprobes (NPs) decorated with such reporters exhibit strong Raman enhancement (5.82 × 106), the femtomolar‐level limit of detection as well as unrivaled photostability (τs = 26516 s), outperforming that of crystal violet‐decorated counterparts. When conjugation of a CXCR4 antagonist, these fluorescence‐free SERRS NPs allow for photostable imaging of CXCR4 on TNBC cells at the single‐cell level, and for monitoring the expression variation during combined drug treatment. To the best of the available knowledge, this is the first example of absolutely nonfluorescent Raman reporters for single‐cell SERRS imaging.
Multiscale Structural Strong yet Tough Triboelectric Materials Enabled by In Situ Microphase Separation
Authors: Lu Peng , Yang Yang , Luo Bin , Cai Chenchen , Liu Tao , Zhang Song , Chi Mingchao , Zhao Tong , Wang Jinlong , Meng Xiangjiang , Bai Yayu , Shao Yuzheng , Du Guoli , Wang Shuangfei , Nie Shuangxi 
Published: December 2024

AbstractLightweight green polymer materials with exceptional toughness, high strength, and excellent ductility represent ideal candidates for enabling next‐generation sustainable flexible electronics. However, the conflicting properties of material strength and toughness present a significant challenge in achieving an optimal combination of both attributes. In this study, a strong yet tough polymeric triboelectric material is prepared by constructing a multiscale reinforced network based on a nonsolvent‐induced microphase separation strategy. The synergistic enhancement of strength and toughness is achieved by reinforcing non‐covalent interactions within the polymer and constructing nanofibrous networks. The resulting triboelectric materials exhibited remarkable fracture toughness (78.6 MJ m−3), high tensile strength (42.5 MPa), an improvement in triboelectric output (71%), and promising recyclability. The integrated triboelectric wearable sensor maintained robust output signals. This study provides a novel solution for coordinating the conflicts between strength and toughness in heterogeneous polymer materials, showing significant potential in expanding their applications in flexible electronics and self‐powered sensing technologies.
High‐Performance Multifunctional Nanopapers with Superior Mechanical Strength, Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, and Thermal Management for Next‐Generation Electronics
Authors: Hu Fugang , Li Mengheng , Li Pengfei , Zeng Jinsong , Wang Tianguang , Li Jinpeng , Wang Bin , Wu Chen , Chen Kefu 
Published: December 2024

AbstractDeveloping high‐performance multifunctional materials is critical for advancing integrated electronics and telecommunication systems. This study presents super‐strong, ultra‐flexible, conductive nanopapers featuring layered architectures, achieved by incorporating cellulose nanofibril‐modified MXene (CM9) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into an aramid nanofiber (ANF) network and silver nanowire (AgNW) framework through a multi‐stage vacuum filtration. The resulting nanopapers achieve remarkable tensile strength (701.82 MPa), outstanding toughness (101.86 MJ m−3), and a specific tensile strength of 486.67 MPa·g−1·cm3, notably outperforming that of titanium alloys (257 MPa·g−1·cm3). In addition to their mechanical properties, the nanopapers exhibit high electrical conductivity (1139.48 S cm−1), resulting in superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 62.28 dB with an ultra‐thin profile of 22.38 µm. The nanopapers also demonstrate excellent durability, maintaining an EMI SE of 60.16 dB after 20% stretching and 57.15 dB after 20 000 folding cycles, along with a tensile strength of 685.59 MPa. Additionally, they exhibit efficient photothermal conversion and electrothermal deicing capabilities, reaching a maximum temperature of 242.78 °C under applied voltage. With their unique combination of mechanical robustness, conductivity, and thermal performance, these nanopapers show great potential for next‐generation electronics, flexible displays, and high‐performance thermal management systems.
High‐Performance Bimodal Temperature/Pressure Tactile Sensor Based on Lamellar CNT/MXene/Cellulose Nanofibers Aerogel with Enhanced Multifunctionality
Authors: Tian Lin , Gao Fu‐Lin , Li Yu‐Xiao , Yang Zhi‐Yue , Xu Xinghe , Yu Zhong‐Zhen , Shang Jie , Li Run‐Wei , Li Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe rapid development of thermoelectric‐piezoresistive dual‐mode sensors has opened new avenues for enhancing the functionality, miniaturization, and integration of flexible tactile sensors. However, existing research primarily focuses on decoupling temperature and pressure responses, which leaves a significant gap in optimizing sensor performance and exploring multifunctional applications. To address this limitation, a composite aerogel with a layered porous structure is developed, integrating carbon nanotubes and MXene as conductive materials and reinforced with cellulose nanofibers. The innovative design, characterized by ultra‐low thermal conductivity along with superior electrical and thermoelectric properties, allows the resulting sensor to monitor temperature and pressure stimuli without interference through thermoelectric and piezoresistive mechanisms. Demonstrated results reveal exceptional sensing capabilities, including a minimum detectable temperature variation of 0.03 K and a pressure detection limit of 0.3 Pa. The sensor exhibits high sensitivities of 33.5 µV K−1 and −45.2% kPa−1, along with stability across both temperature and pressure stimuli. Furthermore, the unique multi‐modal sensing mechanism supports various applications, such as thermoelectric energy harvesting, material recognition, complex information transmission, smart wearable devices, electronic skin, and human‐computer interaction interfaces. This research presents a robust solution for designing high‐performance dual‐modal tactile sensors and significantly advances their practical applications across multiple domains.
High‐Accuracy Recognition Triboelectric Nanogenerator System for Shooting Report and Ballistic Analysis
Authors: Sun Yanshuo , Li Chengyu , Xu Zijie , Sheng Hengrui , Wang Yusheng , Su Erming , Wang Zhong Lin , Cao Leo N.Y. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe accuracy and efficiency of shooting reports constitute indispensable cornerstones in modern military training and shooting fields. However, traditional shooting report systems struggle to offer precise and sensitive instant feedback, especially in rare scenarios, such as multiple piercing and shots on the ring boundaries. Simultaneously, ballistic analysis as a pivotal approach in criminal investigations, confronts similar challenges including high costs, complex data processing, and strong professional dependency. Thus, a flexible, high‐temperature resistant, and high‐accuracy recognition intelligent target reporting and ballistic analysis (ITBA) system is designed based on the mechanism of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which recognizes multiple bullet piercings and delivers bullet velocity through a time‐difference algorithm combined with shooting angle to accurately determine the shooting position. Thanks to the novel structural design and preparation method, the ITBA system achieves remarkable integration, lightweight, and industrialization, ensuring exceptional stability even in harsh environments. Furthermore, the ITBA system integrates machine learning techniques to achieve 100% accuracy in bullet material recognition and 97% accuracy in determining shooting angles, providing a solid foundation for enhancing the precision of military training and the scientific rigor of forensic investigations.
Design of High‐Tc Quaternary Hydrides Under Moderate Pressures Through Substitutional Doping
Authors: Wei Xudong , Hao Xiaokuan , Song Xiaoxu , Niu Jingyu , Gao Guoying , Tian Yongjun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been considerable interest in exploring high‐temperature superconductors in hydrides at low‐pressure conditions. A series of quaternary XAZ2H16 compounds (X, A = La, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ac, Ce, Th, Na or K; Z = Be, B, Si or P) are constructed based on ternary Fm‐3m LaB/BeH8‐type structure. Eight hydrides are found to be thermodynamically stable, with LaThBe2H16 and AcBaSi2H16 exhibiting lower pressures of 92 and 81 GPa, respectively. All investigated hydrides display dynamical stability at pressures below one million atmospheres, with LaThBe2H16 remaining stable even as low as 8 GPa. Moreover, LaSrB2H16, AcBaSi2H16, AcSrSi2H16, and Ba2SiPH16 exhibit clear covalent bonding characteristics between Z and H atoms, while Be atoms tend to form ionic bonds with H atoms. Electron‐phonon coupling calculations indicate that all of these quaternary hydrides have potential as superconductors. LaThBe2H16, AcBaSi2H16, AcSrSi2H16 and YCeBe2H16 exhibit superconducting transition temperatures (Tcs) of 126, 137, 123, and 104 K at 10, 30, 30, and 45 GPa, respectively, while LaYBe2H16 exhibits the highest Tc of 221 K at 75 GPa. These findings provide valuable insights for the search for high‐Tc superconductors under lower pressure conditions and encourage further exploration of polynary superconducting hydrides.
Hierarchical Tough Hydrogel with Enhanced Rigidity and Extensibility for Strain Sensing, Posture Guide, and Injury‐Prevention
Authors: Park Nuri , Fan Ziwen , Kim Jaeyun 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHydrogels, as valuable biomaterials, have limited applications owing to their mechanical fragility. This study presents a structural modification approach to strengthen hydrogels mechanically. First, the precursor hydrogel undergoes deformation through stretching and twisting, resulting in a helical polymer structure and a deformation gradient. This deformed structure is then stabilized by densification and additional crosslinking. The twisted hydrogel shows improved extensibility and toughness owing to enhanced stress transfer in its unique structure. Additionally, multiple hydrogel strands are assembled hierarchically into ropes and cables, exhibiting advantageous mechanical properties such as high energy dissipation and durability. These reinforced mechanical features lead to considerable performance improvements in applications such as strain sensing and impact absorption. Furthermore, practical utility is demonstrated in areas including posture correction and injury prevention. The hydrogel reinforced by this method has the potential to be used in various fields where both mechanical properties and biocompatibility are crucial.
Recent Advances in Highly Luminescent Carbon Dots
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Huang Zhujun , Wang Xuanye , Hao Yiming , Yang Junxiang , Wang Hui , Qu Songnan 
Published: December 2024

AbstractHighly luminescent carbon dots (CDs) have garnered significant attention and are increasingly utilized in various fields. Despite its importance, there has been a lack of comprehensive reviews focusing specifically on highly luminescent CDs. It is aimed here to fill that gap by exploring CDs with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), starting with an examination of the luminescent mechanisms underlying highly luminescent CDs. The selection of synthetic raw materials and preparation methods along with the research progress are reviewed and the information on highly luminescent CDs across various luminescent bands is then statistically summarized in several tables. Subsequently, the structural features, synthesis methods, and purification strategies that lead to high PLQY in CDs are summarized based on analyzing collected examples of highly luminescent CDs. Furthermore, the highly luminescent‐based multifunctional applications of CDs in bioimaging, light‐emitting diodes, luminescent solar concentrators, and lasers are introduced. Finally, the current research landscape is evaluated, existing challenges are identified, and feasible directions are proposed for future development.
PEGylated Nanoliposomal Doxorubicin Conjugated with Specific TREM2 Peptides for Glioma‐Targeting Therapy
Authors: Li Hongyan , Xu Duling , Cai Weihua , Liu Jiadi , Bing Zhitong , Zhang Qiyue 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPEGylated liposomes can deliver anti‐cancer drugs to brain tumors, and achieve enhanced permeability and retention effects. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an excellent biomarker for precise therapy of glioma. The present study is aimed at designing PEGylated nanoliposomal doxorubicin (PLD) conjugated with peptides targeting TREM2 for glioma‐targeting therapy. The specific peptides are designed with the Rosetta Peptiderive Protocol. Schrodinger's peptide‐specific version of Glide is used for molecular docking. PLD modified with peptides (peptide‐PLD) are engineered and prepared. Cell cycle, apoptosis, cell invasion and migration, cell viability, and colony‐formation assays are performed to analyze glioma cell functions. The anti‐tumor effects of peptide‐PLD are validated in an intracranial U87‐MG cells orthotopic glioma model. The targeting peptides HLRKLRKR and LRKLRLRL showed specific affinity for TREM2 and better cellular uptake in U87‐MG cells. PLD with peptide modification demonstrated stable doxorubicin loading, small sizes (<60 nm), and enrichment in the mouse brain. Peptide‐PLD treatment inhibited the Akt/GSK3β/β‐catenin pathway, thereby inhibiting cell invasion and migration, and colony‐forming ability in U87‐MG cells. The peptide modification of PLD achieved better suppression of glioma development than PLD. Overall, TREM2‐targeting peptides are successfully designed, and peptide‐PLD served as a potent drug delivery carrier for glioma‐targeting therapy.
Stabilizing Electron Transport of 2D Materials
Authors: He Jinbo , Wang Wenting , Yan Jinjian , Han Cheng , Zheng Yue , Xue Tao , Qi Jiannan , Hu Yongxu , Chen Xiaosong , Huang Yinan , Yuan Liqian , Wang Zhongwu , Li Liqiang , Hu Wenping 
Published: December 2024

Abstract2D materials are promising candidates for beyond‐Si electronic devices. However, their stability is a key bottleneck in their industrial applications. The instability of 2D materials is mainly attributed to their intrinsic susceptibility to O2 and H2O—particularly to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have strong oxidizing properties. Inspired by the antioxidant effect of vitamin C (VC) in organisms, a strategy based on the use of VC to stabilize electron transport in 2D materials is developed, which significantly improves the performance and stability of these materials and devices. The mobility is increased by more than an order of magnitude, and excellent performance of the device is maintained in air for >327 days, which is the best reported stability for MoS2 field‐effect transistors to date. VC scavenges existing ROS via oxidation reactions and inhibits the generation of ROS by shielding excitons from oxygen quenching, which provides 2D materials lasting protection from electron trapping and oxidative damage, stabilizing electron transport. This approach, which is based on the simple utilization of readily available VC, has considerable potential for large‐scale applications in the 2D material electronics industry.
Highly Oriented WS2 Monolayers for High‐Performance Electronics
Authors: Zhan Li , Pei Xudong , Tang Jiachen , Li Shuaixing , Li Shuo , Li Yuan , Li Lintao , Wan Changjin , Deng Yu , Shi Yi , Hao Yufeng , Li Songlin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract2D transition‐metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors represent the most promising channel materials for post‐silicon microelectronics due to their unique structure and electronic properties. However, it remains challenging to synthesize wide‐bandgap TMDCs monolayers featuring large areas and high performance simultaneously. Herein, highly oriented WS2 monolayers are reproducibly synthesized through a templated growth strategy on vicinal C/A‐plane sapphire wafers. Various spectroscopic characterizations confirm the high crystallographic orientation and uniformity across the entire wafers. Electronic measurements for samples transferred onto SiO2/Si substrates reveal high average field‐effect mobilities of 62 and 180 cm2V−1s−1 at room temperature and 8 K, respectively. On hexagonal boron nitride substrates, these mobilities increase to 94 and 473 cm2V−1s−1, respectively. A record high saturation current density of 675 µA µm−1 is observed, outperforming the index required for high‐density integration circuits in IRDS 2025. This work paves the way for the application of wide‐bandgap TMDC monolayers in post‐silicon electronics.