bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caregiving quality modulates neuroendocrine and immunological markers in young children in foster care who have experienced early adversity
Authors: Reindl Vanessa , Schippers Anastasia , Tenbrock Klaus , Job Ann‐Katrin , Gerloff Christian , Lohaus Arnold , Heinrichs Nina , Konrad Kerstin 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundEarly adversity is believed to alter the body’s stress‐response systems, putting children at increased risk for somatic and mental health problems. However, it remains unclear whether such alterations normalize under improved caregiving experiences. Thus, the goal of the present study was to investigate (a) whether children in foster care show endocrine and immunological alterations relative to children living with their biological families, (b) whether these alterations change over time spent with the foster family, and (c) whether the alterations are modulated by current caregiving experiences.MethodsA total of 94 children in foster care and 157 biological children, aged two to seven years, took part in a longitudinal study with three assessments conducted over a 12‐month study period. At the initial assessment, children lived for an average of 18 months with their current foster families. Children’s cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and progesterone concentrations and cortisol/DHEA ratios were measured in scalp hair and children’s secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels in saliva. Caregiving quality was assessed based on caregiver‐reports and observational measures of caregiver–child interactions.ResultsChildren in foster care had lower cortisol/DHEA ratios and higher progesterone concentrations than biological children, while no group differences were found for cortisol, DHEA or sIgA. Time spent with the current foster family did not significantly influence the child’s endocrine or immunological markers. Importantly, caregiving quality modulated cortisol/DHEA ratios and sIgA concentrations: children in foster care of lower caregiving quality had lower cortisol/DHEA ratios than children in foster care of higher caregiving quality and showed decreasing, rather than increasing, sIgA concentrations across the study period.ConclusionsOur results indicate that caregiving quality in the foster family may have an important modulating effect on selected indicators of the child’s stress response and could thereby mitigate the possible consequences of early childhood adversity.
Examining changes in parent‐reported child and adolescent mental health throughout the UK's first COVID‐19 national lockdown
Authors: Raw Jasmine A. L. , Waite Polly , Pearcey Samantha , Shum Adrienne , Patalay Praveetha , Creswell Cathy 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has significantly changed the lives of children and adolescents, forcing them into periods of prolonged social isolation and time away from school. Understanding the psychological consequences of the UK’s lockdown for children and adolescents, the associated risk factors, and how trajectories may vary for children and adolescents in different circumstances is essential so that the most vulnerable children and adolescents can be identified, and appropriate support can be implemented.MethodsParticipants were a convenience sample of parents and carers (n = 2,988) in the UK with children and adolescents aged between 4 and 16 years who completed an online survey about their child’s mental health. Growth curve analysis was used to examine the changes in conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, and emotional symptoms between the end of March/beginning of April and July using data from monthly assessments over four months. Additionally, growth mixture modelling identified mental health trajectories for conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, and emotional symptoms separately, and subsequent regression models were used to estimate predictors of mental health trajectory membership.ResultsOverall levels of hyperactivity and conduct problems increased over time, whereas emotional symptoms remained relatively stable, though declined somewhat between June and July. Change over time varied according to child age, the presence of siblings, and with Special Educational Needs (SEN)/Neurodevelopmental Disorders (ND). Subsequent growth mixture modelling identified three, four, and five trajectories for hyperactivity/inattention, conduct problems, and emotional symptoms, respectively. Though many children maintained ‘stable low’ symptoms, others experienced elevated symptoms by July. These children were more likely to have a parent/carer with higher levels of psychological distress, to have SEN/ND, or to be younger in age.ConclusionsThe findings support previous literature and highlight that certain risk factors were associated with poorer mental health trajectories for children and adolescents during the pandemic.
Family stress and coping in the experience of employment precarity: A theoretical framework
Authors: Goldberg Renada M. , Solheim Catherine A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEmployment stability has been the experience for many wage‐labor participants in the United States, characterized by wage adequacy, scheduling certainty, and work autonomy. However, employment contracts increasingly include precarious work factors such as short‐term work arrangements, nonstandard hours, and decreased access to healthcare and family supportive benefits. Prior family stress research theorized economic hardship as an emergent crisis or a one‐time event that affects dyadic relationships between parents and children or intimate partners. In this paper, we define employment precarity as a chronic condition caused by multiple precarious work factors shaped by social stratification in the labor market. We propose a new theoretical model, the employment precarity family stress model, to understand how diverse families experience precarious work factors, use resources to cope, make meaning of their work situations, and practice resilience amid cyclical or chronic economic hardships.
Loss of innovative traits underlies multiple origins of Aquilegia ecalcarata
Authors: Geng Fang‐Dong , Xie Jing‐He , Xue Cheng , Sun Li , Li Jiao‐Jie , Niu Chen‐Yu , Huang Lei , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Kang Ju‐Qing , Kong Hong‐Zhi , Ren Yi , Zhang Jian‐Qiang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTraits are basic attributes of organisms that form the basis for speciation and diversity. The floral nectar spur is a classic example of a key innovative trait. Differences in nectar spur morphology can lead to pollinator specialization and thereby promote reproductive isolation between species. Despite its importance, the nectar spur has been lost in some members of the columbine genus (Aquilegia), resulting in a new spurless trait, and the evolutionary influence of this trait has become a topic of scientific interest. Aquilegia ecalcarata is an important representative columbine species that lacks spurs. Here, we resequenced the genomes of 324 individuals from A. ecalcarata and four related species. We found that A. ecalcarata was divided into three groups based on the phylogenetic relationships and population genetic structures. Topology weighting analysis revealed that A. ecalcarata has multiple origins, and Patterson′s D statistic showed that the spurless trait may have one origin. Floral morphological analysis revealed significant differences between A. ecalcarata and its spurred sister groups, and the floral phenotypes of the three A. ecalcarata groups have identical or similar floral phenotypes. Our results confirmed that the spurless trait not only produced the phenotype of A. ecalcarata but also contributed to the emergence of the A. rockii phenotype. Moreover, the spurless trait promoted the divergence between A. ecalcarata and its close, spurred relatives. Our research shows that the loss of key innovative traits can play a very important role in speciation and species diversity.
Self‐rated sleep quality predicts incident suicide ideation in US military veterans: Results from a 7‐year, nationally representative, prospective cohort study
Authors: McCarthy Elissa , DeViva Jason C. , Southwick Steven M. , Pietrzak Robert H. 
Published: July 2021

SummarySleep disturbance is a risk factor for future suicidal behaviours (e.g. suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, death by suicide), and military veterans are at increased risk for both poor sleep and death by suicide relative to civilians. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether self‐reported sleep quality was associated with risk of new‐onset suicidal ideation in a 7‐year prospective nationally representative cohort study of US military veterans. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the relation between self‐rated sleep quality and incident suicidal ideation in 2,059 veterans without current suicidal ideation or lifetime suicide attempt history at baseline. Relative importance analyses were then conducted to identify the relative variance explained by sleep quality and other significant determinants of incident suicidal ideation. A total of 169 (weighted 8.9%, 95% confidence interval =7.7%–10.3%) veterans developed suicidal ideation over the 7‐year study period. Poor self‐rated sleep quality was associated with a more than 60% greater likelihood of developing suicidal ideation (relative risk ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval = 1.11–2.36), even after adjustment for well‐known suicide risk factors such as major depressive disorder. Relative importance analysis revealed that poor self‐rated sleep quality accounted for 44.0% of the explained variance in predicting incident suicidal ideation. These results underscore the importance of assessing, monitoring and treating sleep difficulties as part of suicide prevention efforts in military veterans.
New‐onset and exacerbated insomnia symptoms during the COVID‐19 pandemic in US military veterans: A nationally representative, prospective cohort study
Authors: McCarthy Elissa , DeViva Jason C. , Na Peter J. , Pietrzak Robert H. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a negative impact on physical and mental health worldwide. While pandemic‐related stress has also been linked to increased insomnia, scarce research has examined this association in nationally representative samples of high‐risk populations, such as military veterans. We evaluated pre‐ and pandemic‐related factors associated with new‐onset and exacerbated insomnia symptoms in a nationally representative sample of 3,078 US military veterans who participated in the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Veterans were surveyed in the USA in 11/2019 (pre‐pandemic) and again in 11/2020 (peri‐pandemic). The Insomnia Severity Index was used to assess severity of insomnia symptoms at the pre‐ and peri‐pandemic assessments. Among veterans without clinical or subthreshold insomnia symptoms pre‐pandemic (n = 2,548), 11.5% developed subthreshold (10.9%) or clinical insomnia symptoms (0.6%) during the pandemic; among those with subthreshold insomnia symptoms pre‐pandemic (n = 1,058; 26.0%), 8.0% developed clinical insomnia symptoms. Pre‐pandemic social support (21.9% relative variance explained), pandemic‐related stress related to changes in family relationships (20.5% relative variance explained), pre‐pandemic chest pain (18.5% relative variance explained) and weakness (11.1% relative variance explained), and posttraumatic stress disorder (8.2% relative variance explained) explained the majority of the variance in new‐onset subthreshold or clinical insomnia symptoms during the pandemic. Among veterans with pre‐pandemic subthreshold insomnia, pandemic‐related home isolation restrictions (59.1% relative variance explained) and financial difficulties (25.1% relative variance explained) explained the majority of variance in incident clinical insomnia symptoms. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that nearly one in five US veterans developed new‐onset or exacerbated insomnia symptoms during the pandemic, and identify potential targets for prevention and treatment efforts.
Procedural convergence
Authors: Pappas Brian A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUniversities face a dilemma in determining how to create fair, consistent, and reliable processes that respect the rights of both alleged perpetrators and victims and encourage people to bring complaints forward. Using the literature on non-law forms of ordering and neo-institutional theory, this article examines university Ombuds and Title IX Coordinators and their handling of sexual misconduct disputes. Primary data collection included a review of 1200 documents and interviews with 14 Ombuds and 13 Title IX Coordinators from 22 large institutions of higher education between 2011 and 2014. This study concludes that Ombuds and Title IX Coordinators, despite being designed in sharply contrasting ways, converge (but not fully) toward a hybrid of formality and informality. This paper examines Title IX to understand what drives convergence behavior and to analyze how the recent changes in the law may alter the process of convergence. As Title IX law continues to develop, the theory of procedural convergence has important implications for the creation of non-law dispute mechanisms and the balance between individual rights and the organizational development of legal norms.
Nuclear exportin 1 facilitates turnip mosaic virus infection by exporting the sumoylated viral replicase and by repressing plant immunity
Authors: Zhang Mingzhen , Gong Pan , Ge Linhao , Chang Zhaoyang , Cheng Xiaofei , Zhou Xueping , Wang Aiming , Li Fangfang 
Published: July 2021

Summary

Exportin 1/XPO1 is an important nuclear export receptor that binds directly to cargo proteins and translocates the cargo proteins to the cytoplasm. To understand XPO1 protein functions during potyvirus infections, we investigated the nuclear export of the NIb protein encoding the RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV).

Previously, we found that NIb is transported to the nucleus after translation and sumoylated by the sumoylation (small ubiquitin‐like modifier) pathway to support viral infection. Here, we report that XPO1 interacts with NIb to facilitate translocation from the nucleus to the viral replication complexes (VRCs) that accumulate in the perinuclear regions of TuMV‐infected cells. XPO1 contains two NIb‐binding domains that recognize and interact with NIb in the nucleus and in the perinuclear regions, respectively, which facilitates TuMV replication.

Moreover, XPO1 is involved in nuclear export of the sumoylated NIb and host factors tagged with SUMO3 that is essential for suppression of plant immunity in the nucleus. Deficiencies of XPO1 in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana plants inhibit TuMV replication and infection.

These data demonstrate that XPO1 functions as a host factor in TuMV infection by regulating NIb nucleocytoplasmic transport and plant immunity.
Dose‐response association of early‐life antibiotic exposure and subsequent overweight or obesity in children: A meta‐analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Meng Xin , Zhu Yi , Di Hongkun , Zhang Mingye , Feng Jing , Xu Minzhi , Xia Wenqi , Tian Qingfeng , He Yan , Gan Yong , Lu Zuxun 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe objective of this study is to investigate the dose‐response relationship between antibiotic exposure in early life and the risk of subsequent overweight or obesity. Electronic databases were searched from inception to December 2020. Prospective studies that reported the odds ratios (ORs) of childhood overweight or obesity for three or more quantitative categories of antibiotic exposure were identified. A random‐effect model was used to pool the ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Generalized least squares and restricted cubic splines were used to explore the dose‐response association. A total of 12 sets of results from 10 articles involving 427,453 participants were included in this meta‐analysis. The pooled OR for increased risk of overweight or obesity was 1.30 in high‐level antibiotic exposure (95% CI: 1.20 to 1.41) and 1.06 in low‐level antibiotic exposure (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.10), as compared with children who never exposed to antibiotics. There was a logarithmic‐curve relationship between early‐life antibiotic exposure and the risk of subsequent overweight or obesity. The OR was 1.08 (95% CI: 1.06 to 1.11) for one prescription, 1.16 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.21) for two prescriptions, 1.24 (95% CI: 1.16 to 1.32) for three prescriptions, 1.30 (95% CI: 1.20 to 1.41) for four prescriptions, and less than a 5% increase for more prescriptions. Early‐life antibiotic exposure is associated with the risk of childhood overweight or obesity in a dose‐response manner. Further studies are needed to confirm our results.
Teledentistry in the management of a non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma manifesting as a gingival swelling: A case report
Authors: Zhou Miao Xian , Johnson Emma F. , Arce Kevin , Gruwell Scott F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOral cavity lymphomas constitute only 3% of all lymphomas in the general population but are the third most common oral malignancy. A 67‐year‐old female with a history of osteoporosis, Graves’ disease and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was referred to the Department of Dental Specialties with a chief complaint of persistent soft tissue swelling facial to the maxillary incisors of possible non‐odontogenic origin. To expedite care, the patient was first seen via teledentistry and subsequently appointed for an in‐person evaluation and treatment. Examination revealed 1–3 mm probing depths and a firm, non‐tender, non‐fluctuant mass in the facial soft tissues approximating teeth nos. 7–10. Biopsy of the affected area was performed. A diagnosis of recurrent follicle center cell lymphoma, a form of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, was rendered. The patient was subsequently referred to the Oncology and Hematology team, followed for 6 weeks and remained symptom‐free. This case underlies the importance of teledentistry to expedite care and manage patient expectations. Additionally, it also underscores the importance of microscopic examination of tissue samples from oral lesions that appear non‐odontogenic in nature and reinforces the role of dentistry in uncovering the oral‐systemic link.
Educational intervention against biological racism
Authors: Degife Ellelan , Ijeli Chinye , Muhammad Muzzammil Imran , Nobles Autumn , Reisman Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionBiological race, the fallacy that racial health disparities reflect differences in human biology, exerts undue influence on medicine. Interventions that teach against this myth are largely absent from required medical curricula. Here, we describe and present student and facilitator evaluations of an educational intervention, organised around Dorothy Roberts' book Fatal Invention: How Science, Politics, and Big Business Re‐Create Race in the Twenty‐First Century that included a discussion of preselected chapters from Fatal Invention, case studies illustrating strategies to prevent the misuse of race in medicine and a question‐and‐answer session with Dorothy Roberts.MethodsOnline feedback surveys were distributed to students and facilitators to capture their general perceptions of the session, how well it satisfied its objectives and the pre‐session training materials provided to facilitators. Quantitative measures were analysed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative responses were evaluated using thematic analysis.ResultsStudent and facilitator surveys garnered response rates of 59.8% (61/102) and 75% (30/40), respectively, and most expressed satisfaction with the session. Students felt more prepared to address the misuse of race in clinical contexts than in pre‐clinical contexts (90.16% vs. 77.05%) and among peers than among superiors (95.08% vs. 72.13%) (p < 0.05). Some students (31.15%) felt that their small group facilitators were unprepared to address microaggressions.DiscussionOur survey responses suggest that this intervention was effective in teaching against biological racism and equipped students with tools to address the misuse of race, particularly in clinical contexts. Future iterations should highlight strategies to confront biological racism in pre‐clinical contexts and among superiors.
An unmet need for paediatric LGBTQ training
Authors: Roth Lauren T. , Garcia Marco , Soren Karen , Catallozzi Marina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning (LGBTQ) youth have increased health risks, exacerbated by discrimination and lack of provider training. Currently, no graduate medical education requirements address the need for LGBTQ health training, particularly for paediatric providers. We aimed to perform a needs assessment of provider knowledge, comfort and awareness of community resources regarding LGBTQ youth.MethodsWe administered two anonymous surveys from May to October 2017. The first survey of 73 residents assessed awareness of community resources and comfort providing referrals. A second survey of 110 trainees and faculty assessed comfort and knowledge regarding paediatric LGBTQ health.ResultsIn the first survey of residents regarding community resources (n = 30, 41% response rate), most did not know where to refer LGBTQ patients for mental health care (67%), transgender care (73%), support groups (87%), emergency shelters (86%) or family resources (87%). Ninety‐seven per cent would refer to the social worker. In the second survey of trainees and faculty (n = 78, 71% response rate), most had little or no knowledge regarding pre‐exposure prophylaxis (60%), post‐exposure prophylaxis (54%), strategies for coming out (68%), homelessness/environmental risks (59%), gender dysphoria (63%), puberty blockade (77%), hormonal (78%) and surgical (81%) transitioning, domestic violence (58%), EMR logistics (89%) and community resources (80%). Only 33% felt very comfortable eliciting a history about sexual orientation, 13% about gender identity and 14% about sexual practices.ConclusionThere is a clear need and desire for dedicated paediatric LGBTQ health training in graduate medical education. Residents and faculty need resources and training to better care for LGBTQ youth.
A cross‐linguistic study of spatial location descriptions in New Zealand English and Brazilian Portuguese natural language
Authors: Marchi Fagundes Cristiane Kutianski , Stock Kristin , Delazari Luciene Stamato 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHumans use spatial language on a daily basis, to describe locations, give directions, and ask for information about places. Better understanding of spatial language can assist in developing natural language interfaces and querying tools for GIS and web mapping. However, most previous studies focus on artificial, indoor situations. We conduct cross‐linguistic experiments to compare natural language relative location descriptions (e.g.,the house beside the river) in New Zealand English (NZE) and Brazilian Portuguese (BP) using eight real outdoor locations to discover the differences that occur when people describe the same location in the two languages. Our results show that NZE uses a wider range of spatial relation terms (e.g.,beside) and reference objects (e.g.,river) than BP, that BP uses more projective spatial relation terms than NZE, which prefers directional terms, and that translation between spatial relation terms is context‐dependent.