bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, attitude and practice of vaccinators and vaccine handlers on vaccine cold chain management in public health facilities, Ethiopia: Cross-sectional study
Authors: Mohammed Solomon Ahmed , Workneh Birhanu Demeke , kahissay Mesfin Haile 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundEffective management of the vaccine cold chain system at all levels is one of the crucial factors for maintaining vaccine potency. Vaccines require more complex handling and storage requirements due to increased temperature sensitivity and complicated immunization schedules. This urges adequate knowledge, attitude, and practice. This study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practice of vaccinators and vaccine handlers’ in public health facilities.MethodologyAn institutional-based cross-sectional study design was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of 127 vaccinators and vaccine handlers in public health facilities of Oromia Special Zone, from September 1 to 30, 2019. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires and a structured observation checklist. Descriptive and inferential statistics were made using the statistical package for social sciences version 20. Variables with a p-value <0.05 were taken as statistically significant.ResultThe response rate was (96.94%). Sixty-eight (53.5%; 95% CI: 46.5%, 61.4%), 58 (45.7%; 95% CI: 37.8%, 53.5%) and 62 (48.8%: 95% CI; 41.7%, 56.7%) vaccinators and vaccine handlers had satisfactory knowledge, positive attitude and good practice respectively. Receiving training on cold chain management had a statistically significant association with the level of knowledge on cold chain management (AOR = 3.04, 95% CI: 1.04–8.88).ConclusionsMore than half of vaccinators and vaccine handlers had satisfactory knowledge, while below half of vaccinators and vaccine handlers had a positive attitude and good practice. The determinants of knowledge in cold chain management were receiving training on cold chain management. Providing regular technical support and on the job training on vaccine cold chain management will improve the knowledge, attitude, and practice of vaccinators and vaccine handlers.
Chronic Disease in the Community (CDCom) Program: Hypertension and non-communicable disease care by village health workers in rural Uganda
Authors: Stephens Joseph H. , Addepalli Aravind , Chaudhuri Shombit , Niyonzima Abel , Musominali Sam , Uwamungu Jean Claude , Paccione Gerald A. 
Published: February 2021

Background
Although hypertension, the largest modifiable risk factor in the global burden of disease, is prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, rates of awareness and control are low. Since 2011 village health workers (VHWs) in Kisoro district, Uganda have been providing non-communicable disease (NCD) care as part of the Chronic Disease in the Community (CDCom) Program. The VHWs screen for hypertension and other NCDs as part of a door-to-door biannual health census, and, under the supervision of health professionals from the local district hospital, also serve as the primary providers at monthly village-based NCD clinics.

Objective/Methods
We describe the operation of CDCom, a 10-year comprehensive program employing VHWs to screen and manage hypertension and other NCDs at a community level. Using program records we also report hypertension prevalence in the community, program costs, and results of a cost-saving strategy to address frequent medication stockouts.

Results/Conclusions
Of 4283 people ages 30–69 screened for hypertension, 22% had a blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 and 5% had a BP ≥ 160/100. All 163 people with SBP ≥170 during door-to-door screening were referred for evaluation in CDCom, of which 91 (59%) had repeated BP ≥170 and were enrolled in treatment. Of 761 patients enrolled in CDCom, 413 patients are being treated for hypertension and 68% of these had their most recent blood pressure below the treatment target. We find: 1) The difference in hypertension prevalence between this rural, agricultural population and national rates mirrors a rural-urban divide in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa. 2) VHWs are able to not only screen patients for hypertension, but also to manage their disease in monthly village-based clinics. 3) Mid-level providers at a local district hospital NCD clinic and faculty from an academic center provide institutional support to VHWs, stream-line referrals for complicated patients and facilitate provider education at all levels of care. 4) Selective stepdown of medication doses for patients with controlled hypertension is a safe, cost-saving strategy that partially addresses frequent stockouts of government-supplied medications and patient inability to pay. 5) CDCom, free for village members, operates at a modest cost of 0.20 USD per villager per year. We expect that our data-informed analysis of the program will benefit other groups attempting to decentralize chronic disease care in rural communities of low-income regions worldwide.
Teaching Strategies for Neurodiversity and Dyslexia in Actor Training: Sensing Shakespeare, Petronilla Whitfield (2019)
Authors: Cryer-Lennon Denis 
Published: February 2021

Review of: Teaching Strategies for Neurodiversity and Dyslexia in Actor Training: Sensing Shakespeare, Petronilla Whitfield (2019)
New York: Routledge, 218 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-42945-859-0, e-book, £31.49
Dye-Based Chromoendoscopy in Patients With Lynch Syndrome: An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Houwen Britt B. S. L. , Mostafavi Nahid , Vleugels Jasper L. A. , Hüneburg Robert , Lamberti Christof , Rivero-Sánchez Liseth , Pellisé María , Stoffel Elena M. , Syngal Sapna , Haanstra Jasmijn F. , Koornstra Jan. J. , Dekker Evelien , Hazewinkel Yark 
Published: February 2021

INTRODUCTION:
The additional diagnostic value of dye-based chromoendosocpy (CE) for surveillance of patients with Lynch syndrome is subject of debate.

METHODS:
To clarify this debate, we performed an individual patient data meta-analysis of randomized studies that compared CE with WLE for the detection of adenomas in patients with Lynch syndrome.

RESULTS:
Three randomized studies comprising 533 patients were included. The adenoma detection rate was 74/265 (28%) in patients randomized to WLE compared with 83/266 (31%) in patients randomized to CE (odds ratio 1.17; 95% confidence interval 0.81–1.70).

DISCUSSION:
Based on low-quality evidence, CE showed no apparent increase in adenoma detection compared to WLE during surveillance of patients with Lynch syndrome.
Optimal filtering and control of network information epidemics
Authors: Liu Fangzhou , Zhang Zengjie , Buss Martin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this article, we propose an optimal control scheme for information epidemics with stochastic uncertainties aiming at maximizing information diffusion and minimizing the control consumption. The information epidemic dynamics is represented by a network Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) model contaminated by both process and observation noises to describe a perturbed disease-like information diffusion process. To reconstruct the contaminated system states, we design an optimal filter which ensures minimized estimation errors in a quadratic sense. The state estimation is then utilized to develop the optimal controller, for which the optimality of the closed-loop system is guaranteed by a separation principle. The designed optimal filter and controller, together with the separation principle, form a complete solution for the optimal control of network information epidemics with stochastic perturbations. Such optimal-filtering-based control strategy is also generalizable to a wider range of networked nonlinear systems. In the numerical experiments on real network data, the effectiveness of the proposed optimal control is validated and confirmed.
Stability analysis of a flatness-based controller driving a battery emulator with constant power load
Authors: Zauner Michael , Mandl Philipp , König Oliver , Hametner Christoph , Jakubek Stefan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This contribution deals with the control of a battery emulator used in automotive testbeds for electric drivetrains. The battery emulator, which is realized as a DC-DC converter, is connected to a unit-under-test (UUT), e. g., an electric motor inverter. To accurately emulate the dynamic impedance of a battery, a highly dynamic output is required. Additionally, battery emulators should be applicable for a large variety of UUTs, hence robust performance in a large operating range is also required. This is especially challenging when the UUT behaves like a constant power load, as this can cause stability issues. To meet the requirements, a flatness-based control concept is presented that establishes feedback equivalence between a nonlinear and a linearized system representation. By examining the stability of the concept, an estimation of the region of attraction is found.
Leben und Glauben im Horizont des Endes
Authors: Frey Jörg 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Angesichts der verbreiteten theologischen Geringschätzung der Apokalyptik unternimmt der Beitrag eine theologische Sinn-Deutung apokalyptischer Zeitwahrnehmung im antiken Judentum, ausgehend von deren Ursprüngen in der Henochtradition und am Beispiel der Qumrangemeinde, um auf diesem Hintergrund am Beispiel von Paulus und dem 1. Johannesbrief die urchristliche Modifikation apokalyptischer Zeitwahrnehmung aufgrund der geglaubten Erfüllung und die situative »Verhandelbarkeit« apokalyptischer Zeitaussagen in frühchristlichen Texten zu reflektieren.
Zum Umgang mit der Zeit in Thomas Manns Josephsroman
Authors: Strobach Niko 
Published: February 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, eine Passage aus dem Abschnitt »Von langer Wartezeit« aus dem ersten Band des auf Gen 25–50 basierenden Romanwerks »Joseph und seine Brüder« von Thomas Mann (1875–1955) als argumentativ strukturierten Text zu präsentieren, der Bedenkenswertes zum Umgang mit der Zeit mitteilt.
Philosophiefeindlichkeit und konservatives Denken: Karl Wittes Dante
Authors: König-Pralong Catherine 
Published: February 2021

Riassunto
Agli antipodi della rappresentazione di Dante come precursore dell’unità nazionale, elaborata dalla filologia erudita italiana, Karl Witte, il più importante dantista di lingua tedesca del XIX secolo, costruì l’immagine di un Dante mistico e antirazionalista, cattolico e conservatore. Il presente articolo analizza, in primo luogo, il progetto intellettuale di Witte a partire dalle reti di relazioni sociali da lui intrattenute, dalle università prussiane sino alla Roma dei pittori ›nazareni‹, per giungere all’università di Halle, dove Witte occupò la cattedra di diritto romano per un periodo di quasi cinquant’anni. In un secondo momento, il contributo si sofferma sulla ricezione delle interpretazioni di Witte, e in particolare della sua lettura riduttiva del Convivio e della filosofia che in esso si esprime. L’articolo mostra come i dibattiti suscitati dai lavori di Witte abbiano infine ecceduto le aspettative del suo stesso autore per dar luogo a una vasta discussione sulla natura e sul valore della scolastica.
Die deutsche Dante-Forschung und die italienische ›historische Schule‹: ein Briefwechsel zwischen Karl Witte und Alessandro D’Ancona
Authors: Colombo Angelo 
Published: February 2021

Riassunto
L’articolo propone la discussione intrecciata da Karl Witte con Alessandro D’Ancona (1868–1877) in merito alla Vita nuova, di cui entrambi i dialoganti curarono un’edizione: il primo nel 1876, il secondo nel 1873. Ne emerge la funzione sostanziale di maestro del dantismo europeo ricoperta dal Witte nei confronti di chi, come il D’Ancona, si andava ormai affermando in Italia come capofila e animatore indiscusso della ›Scuola storica‹, che fu responsabile, nel suo insieme, di un rinnovamento profondo nei metodi di ricerca e negli indirizzi universitari degli studi nella seconda metà dell’Ottocento, in un rapporto fecondo di scambi e di assiduo confronto con l’ambiente accademico tedesco.
Paradigmatic patterns: a postscript on collocation
Authors: Stefanowitsch Anatol , Scheffler Torben 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss collocational changes for the wordsmigrantandimmigrantin the British press over the course of the “Referendum on the United Kingdom’s membership of the European Union”. We show the emergence of a completely novel collocation,skilled/unskilled migrant, and discuss how it can be analyzed as a ‘paradigmatic pattern’ that establishes a correspondence between the wordmigrantand the most strongly conventionalized collocate of adjectives likeskilledandunskilled, namely,worker. This correspondence contributes to a general mappingmigrants as workersin a discourse that frames migration mainly in terms of its economic contribution (or lack thereof).
Learning Mandarin tones through pitch-time diagrams: A computer-assisted visual approach
Authors: Xie Pengxuan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A notable feature of spoken Mandarin by many non-tonal language learners of Mandarin is incorrect or inaccurate tones. This contributes to significant impediments to effective communication by creating confusion, due to the fact that tones in Mandarin serve a lexical purpose. The problem is exacerbated by the relatively small number of Mandarin syllables. Traditionally, tones are taught by the classical aural process of “listen and repeat” in the classroom with the help of a language instructor and supplemented by out-of-classroom practice using model audio recordings. Both modes require learners to aurally detect the differences between tones and to imitate what they hear. With the wide availability of personal computers, computer-aided tone acquisition is an alternative to the “listen and repeat” method. The aim is to display and correlate the phonetic counterpart of tones, namely their pitch-time diagrams (also known as Fo diagrams). This provides visual feedback to guide learners to produce the correct tones through imitation of the correct pitch-time diagrams. While the pitch range of the Mandarin tones is well defined by Chao’s 5-level tone value scale for the four full tones, their corresponding pitch-time diagrams are not exactly the same as Chao’s tone diagrams. With disyllabic and trisyllabic Mandarin words, the pitch-time diagrams of the constituent syllables deviates even more from their tone diagram counterparts due to various coarticulation effects. This paper reports on a quantitative study of the tone values of single syllable, disyllabic and trisyllabic Mandarin words extracted from their pitch-time diagrams. The understanding of the results based on previous phonological studies is also provided. The results point to the effectiveness of pitch-time diagrams as a visual feedback tool for tone acquisition.
Differentiation of radical processing strategies in character decoding by L2 learners of Chinese according to L1-type
Authors: Williams Clay , Uchima Yuko 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This study investigates the productive use of semantic and phonetic radicals for Chinese character decoding by Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) learners at different levels of L2 proficiency, focusing on the application of radical knowledge according to the learners’ L1 language families. Using a pseudo-word test developed by Williams, Clay. 2014. The development of intra-character radical awareness in L1 Chinese children: Changing strategies. Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association 49(2). 1–26 to measure subject preference for semantic versus phonological decoding processes, subjects are asked to match a provided definition and pronunciation with a character in a multiple choice format which included two pseudo characters designed with radicals which corresponded with the provided definition or pronunciation, respectively. The results demonstrate that reliance on semantic or phonological radicals for character identification varies according to the L1 of the CFL learners; subjects whose L1 is relatively orthographically transparent predominantly make use of phonological processing strategies at all levels of proficiency, whereas those whose L1 are more orthographically opaque demonstrate more malleable processing preferences, with relatively strong semantic radical reliance in the early stage of their language learning, and considerable variability between semantic and phonological processing at intermediate and advanced proficiency levels. The findings suggest that developmental trends of using radical decoding strategies differ among CFL learner groups with varying L1 literacy strategy preferences.
Teachers’ perceptions of effective strategies for developing intercultural competence
Authors: Gao Xiaoping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHow to effectively integrate culture into second language teaching has long been of concern in foreign language education. Despite advances in theory and practice for intercultural language teaching, there has been little research to investigate factors influencing teachers’ pedagogical beliefs and perceptions. This study addresses this gap by examining teachers’ perceptions of effective strategies that foster students’ intercultural competence in the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language and factors influencing their beliefs. Twenty-nine school and university teachers in Australia completed a survey and a focus group interview. Quantitative analyses revealed that teachers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the strategies varied despite an overall positive attitude towards the teaching of culture. Their beliefs were significantly influenced by their years of teaching experience, educational setting, and native language, but not by gender, age group and educational backgrounds. Qualitative analyses attribute the inconsistency in teacher perceptions to teachers’ disparate conceptualisations of culture, teaching experiences, and educational contexts associated with different curricular and pedagogical requirements and learner characteristics. The findings reinforce the necessity for providing teachers with professional training, along with pedagogical guidance and resources in order to facilitate their intercultural language teaching practices.
Carbon dots: Discovery, structure, fluorescent properties, and applications
Authors: El-Shafey Asmaa M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNanotechnology has become one of the most important topics since the beginning of the twenty-first century in numerous fields including drug synthesis and delivery, environmental protection, electronics manufacture, and astronomy due to their nanoscale particles and their properties. The traditional semi-quantum dots are replaced by a new category of fluorescent carbon nanomaterials. Carbon dots (CDs) have been explored in the last few years for their simple synthetic accession, good bio-consonance, and several revelation applications. This review explains the fluorescent properties of CDs in brief, giving also a background on CDs discovery, structure, and composition, as well as on nanocomposites, green synthesis, and their applications. Resources conservation can be achieved by using recycled substances for sustainable development which lead to a new technology. Fluorescent CDs synthesized from food wastes like bananas, orange peel waste, sugarcane bagasse,Trapa bispinosapeels, bread, and jaggery have several applications such as sensing, drug delivery, gene transfer, biological imaging, and food safety. In this study, we concentrate on CDs greener methods to prepare effective and biocompatible CDs.
Exploring cyberbullying: a socio-semiotic perspective
Authors: Cheng Le , Hu Xitao , Matulewska Aleksandra , Wagner Anne 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith the wide application of Internet, the negative sides related to cyberspace become prominent, including cyberbullying. In such a sense, it is necessary to delimit and define cyberbullying as one important legal term for some relevant cybercrimes. Cyberbullying, in its different forms, is common among children and adolescents, and is facilitated by the increased use of technology. But there is no global legal definition and standard in this area. The authors consider it significant to take into account the international perspective of instrumentalization of law in respect of cyberbullying, which may lead to the formulation of such a definition. This article first explores the definitions, legal mechanisms and its relevant laws in the US, the EU and China to find out their similarities and differences. It is found that cyberbullying as a sign is socially-constituted, is interpreted differently in various jurisdictions, which indicates that the exploration of a sign should be located within and is intertwined with social, cultural and historical backgrounds. This research, as a case study, also provides useful implications for the understanding and interpretation of legal terms in a more general context. At the same time, cultures nowadays pervade one another, and so phenomena that were initially local may quickly and unexpectedly become global. This is the case of cyberbullying, initially associated with children and adolescents as perpetrators and victims, being now also practiced by adults who harass other adults.
Narrative Variation and the Mood of Freedom in Fear and Trembling
Authors: Jech Alexander 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Kierkegaard is famous for his use of narrative set pieces to illustrate and make vivid his ideas to his reader. Less famous is his use of narrative variation, a technique deployed twice in Fear and Trembling, in which he takes a given narrative and introduces a series of variations on the narrative to explore the possibilities of selfhood made available to the narrative’s protagonist. In this paper I explore this technique, help determine the ends it serves, and then apply this understanding to the use of the device in the text to see how it functions to advance its argument.
Double Consciousness and Despair: Exploring a Connection Between Søren Kierkegaard and W.E.B. Du Bois
Authors: Kruger Matthew 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper explores the connection between Søren Kierkegaard’s concept of despair and W.E.B. Du Bois’ concept of double consciousness. The concepts have been separately argued to share a root in Hegel’s “Unhappy Consciousness,” and further, each notion in part explains the interaction of a person with their culture. The paper seeks to highlight the importance of culture in interpreting Kierkegaard’s despair, and to do so by including a critique via Du Bois that a person’s existence in a culture of oppression potentially impacts one’s relation to oneself, whether that person is the oppressor or the oppressed.
Optimum structural design of seat frames for commercial vehicles
Authors: Işık Yahya , Göle Mücahit 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Seat frames in commercial vehicles generally consist of components such as foot brackets, seats, back, head restraints and fasteners. In addition to mechanical properties, comfort is another important parameter. This study aims to reduce the cost of a commercial vehicle by means of alternative materials and design changes in the passenger seat frame. For this purpose, three different methods were used to optimize seat back pipes: reducing the cross-section, using thinner sections in the seat frame via alternative material and making design changes in the foot brackets. In the methods applied, mitigation and cost reductions were achieved. The suitability of the design changes in the seat through geometric changes was confirmed by international ECE R14 test results and finite element method analyses.