bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of photoassociation with full-dimensional thermal-random-phase wavefunctions
Authors: Hu Jin-Wei , Han Yong-Chang 
Published: August 2021

By taking the femtosecond two-photon photoassociation (PA) of magnesium atoms as an example, we propose a method to calculate the thermally averaged population, which is transferred from the ground X1Σg+ state to the target (1)1Πg state, based on the solution of full-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation. In this method, named as method A, we use thermal-random-phase wavefunctions with the random phases expanded in both the vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom to model the thermal ensemble of the initial eigenstates. This method is compared with the other two methods (B and C) at different temperatures. Method B is also based on thermal-random-phase wavefunctions, except that the random-phase expansion is merely used for the vibrational degree of freedom. Method C is based on the independent propagation of every initial eigenstate, instead of the thermal-random-phase wavefunctions. Taking the (1)1Πg state as the target state, it is found that although these three methods can present the same population on the (1)1Πg state, the computation efficiency of method A increases dramatically with the increase in temperature. With this efficient method A, we find that the PA process at 1000 K can also induce rotational coherence, i.e., the molecular field-free alignment in the excited electronic states.
Code-switching
Authors: Tomić Aleksandra , Valdés Kroff Jorge R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Monolinguals use various linguistic phenomena to guide prediction while comprehending. For bilinguals, the richer linguistic landscape provides additional resources. Code-switches (CS) are a particularly salient event, which could play a role in bilingual prediction. Despite the ubiquity and diverse functions of code-switching, experimental research has focused on CS processing costs, largely in comprehension (Litcofsky & Van Hell, 2017). Despite apparent integration costs, code-switching can facilitate subsequent language processing, due to natural code-switching patterns. We illustrate this approach with two eye-tracking studies suggesting that code-switches are used as a cue that a less frequent or negative word follows. These studies underscore the need to integrate socio-pragmatic and corpus-modeling observations with experimentation to reach a comprehensive understanding of CS processing (Myers-Scotton, 2006).
Prediction and grammatical learning in second language sentence processing
Authors: Hopp Holger 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
With a focus on grammatical processing, the chapter surveys recent studies that investigate how second language (L2) learners learn to predict and whether they use prediction for learning the L2 grammar. This chapter first reviews theoretical approaches to the roles of prediction and prediction error as learning mechanisms in first language (L1) and L2 processing. Drawing on priming, (visual-world) eye-tracking and reading-time data, I then discuss how adult L2 learners may differ from monolingual speakers in learning to predict and using prediction for learning. The chapter identifies two key areas in which L2 learning from prediction may be circumscribed, namely, the role of awareness and explicit memory in prediction and the degree to which L2 learners can identify the source of their prediction errors.
The role of prediction in second language vocabulary learning
Authors: Gambi Chiara 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
While we have a good understanding of how prediction is implicated in processing utterances in a second language, the idea that prediction may also be implicated in learning a second language has so far received very little attention. I briefly review the evidence for and against prediction as a fundamental mechanism of language acquisition in childhood, focusing in particular on the links between children’s prediction skills and their vocabulary knowledge. I then illustrate how prediction, and in particular prediction errors, may drive learning of new words in adults, by supporting the encoding and consolidation of representations for these words in memory. Finally, I discuss how prediction-based mechanisms might be implicated in generating and sustaining motivation to learn a second language.
Nota sobre Hernando Cabrera, carceller de la Inquisició de València (1515–1541)
Authors: Toldrà i Vilardell Albert 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We use the case of Hernando – or Fernando – Cabrera, carceller of the secret prisons of the court of the Inquisition of Valencia between the years 1515 and 1541, to illustrate both the institutional language of the time and the current historiography on the Inquisition and its secret prisons, innovative institutions in their time and considered modern, in relation to “medieval” prisons, take us at the deception: at the reality, accessible thanks to the internal documentation of the Santo Oficio, we find a dark world where there it is widespread inefficiency and negligence at the work, corruption and economic extortion of prisoners, as well as abuses of the privileges of the staff of the Inquisition. Hernando Cabrera has been receiving continuous and useless warnings from the inquisitors since 1526, but he is incorrigible and does not change his behavior, until he is degraded by the Council of the Supreme Inquisition in 1541.
Effects of conservation agriculture on farmers' livelihoods in the face of climate change in Balaka district, Malawi.
Authors: Zimba Josephine M. , Liwenga Emma T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Conservation agriculture (CA) has been highly promoted due to its potential to ensure high crop yields even in the face of changes in climatic factors. However, the actual benefits associated with CA are not only focused on food security but are also site specific. This study sought to understand the benefits of CA in improving livelihoods in a changing climate in Hanjahanja and Sawali sections of Bazale Extension Planning Area in Balaka District. Specifically, it analysed CA's contribution to farmers' livelihoods and also the challenges and opportunities of CA in climate change adaptation. Data was collected through household surveys (n = 153), key informant interviews (n = 9), focus group discussions and field observations. The study found that due to CA adoption, the majority of the farmers in both Hanjahanja and Sawali sections had realized positive livelihood outcomes, mainly through improved food security and increased incomes. Despite the similarity, Hanjahanja farmers reported decrease in yields in seasons marred by floods. However, farmers faced several challenges due to CA adoption, which included high labour demands, rainfall variability and lack of inputs. Even so, improvement in soil moisture, soil erosion control, improved food security, presence of several institutions and enabling environment offered more opportunities of CA in adapting to climate change. CA, therefore, improves the livelihoods of the farmers except in times of floods. Hence, deliberate policies by the government to promote adoption of CA are required to take advantage of the benefits of CA. Research should also be done on how best to reduce the negative effects of CA on farmers' livelihoods.
Bilateral comparison of 1.018 V and 10 V standards between the BIM (Bulgaria) and the BIPM (BIPM.EM-K11.a and b)
Authors: Solve Stephane , Chayramy Regis , Hadzhistoykova Radoslava , Marinov Radoslav , Stock Michael 
Published: August 2021

Main text
As part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11.a and b, a comparison of the 1.018 V and 10 V voltage reference standards of the BIPM and the Bulgarian Institute of Metrology, BIM, was carried out in April 2019. The objective for BIM in participating in this comparison was to demonstrate the international equivalence of its DC voltage measurement results and to support the calibration and measurement capabilities (CMCs) published in the Key Comparison Database of the BIPM (KCDB).
Two BIPM Zener diode-based travelling standards (Fluke 732B) were shipped to Sofia in March 2019.
At the BIPM, the reference standard for DC voltage is a primary voltage standard based on the Josephson effect, developed by the BIPM. The output electromotive force (EMF) of each travelling standard was measured against the Josephson Voltage Standard (JVS) before and after the measurements at BIM. At the BIM, the reference standard is a commercial JVS.
The final result of the comparison is presented as the difference between the values assigned to DC voltage standards by BIM, at the level of 1.018 V and 10 V, at BIM, UBIM, and those assigned by the BIPM, at the BIPM, UBIM, at the reference dates of the 26th of March 2019.

UBIM - UBIM = - 0.01 µV; uc = 0.02 µV, at 1.018 V

UBIM - UBIM = + 0.30 µV; uc = 0.09 µV, at 10 V
where uc is the combined standard uncertainty associated with the measured difference.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Separability, plane wave limits and rotating black holes
Authors: Papadopoulos G 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present a systematic construction of the Penrose coordinates and plane wave limits of spacetimes for which both the null Hamilton–Jacobi and geodesic equations separate. The method is applied to Kerr-NUT-(A)dS four-dimensional black holes. The plane wave limits of the near horizon geometry of the extreme Kerr black hole are also explored. All near horizon geometries of extreme black holes with a regular Killing horizon admit Minkowski spacetime as a plane wave limit.
Layer exchange synthesis of multilayer graphene
Authors: Toko Kaoru , Murata Hiromasa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Low-temperature synthesis of multilayer graphene (MLG) on arbitrary substrates is the key to incorporating MLG-based functional thin films, including transparent electrodes, low-resistance wiring, heat spreaders, and battery anodes in advanced electronic devices. This paper reviews the synthesis of MLG via the layer exchange (LE) phenomenon between carbon and metal from its mechanism to the possibility of device applications. The mechanism of LE is completely different from that of conventional MLG precipitation methods using metals, and the resulting MLG exhibits unique features. Modulation of metal species and growth conditions enables synthesis of high-quality MLG over a wide range of growth temperatures (350 °C–1000 °C) and MLG thicknesses (5–500 nm). Device applications are discussed based on the high electrical conductivity (2700 S cm−1) of MLG and anode operation in Li-ion batteries. Finally, we discuss the future challenges of LE for MLG and its application to flexible devices.
Synthesis of silicalite-1 zeolite membranes for vapor-permeation separation of dichlorobenzene Isomers
Authors: He Qiu-Ping , Zou Yun , Wang Peng-Fei , Dou Xiao-ming 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Silicalite-1 zeolitic membranes have been successfully fabricated on the porous α-Al2O3 support by templated and template-free protocol, respectively, for vapor permeation separation of dichlorobenzene (DCB) isomers. After proving the high quality of the membranes by single gas permeation (He and SF6) performance, the vapor-permeation of DCB isomers over two types of the silicalite-1 membrane was then investigated. The separation results clearly indicated that under the lower partial pressure and higher temperature, the effect of DCB isomer adsorption on the permeance could be kept at a sufficiently low level and sharp selectivity become more important. Thus, high p-DCB selectivity could be achieved. Comparatively, the template-free silicalite-1 zeolite has a much higher p-DCB selectivity due to the relatively fewer inter-crystalline gaps. Under certain separation conditions, the highest selectivity of p-DCB for p-/m-DCB and p-/o-DCB binary systems could reach 165 and 113, respectively.
The MEMOS-U macroscopic melt dynamics code—benchmarking and applications
Authors: Ratynskaia S , Thorén E , Tolias P , Pitts R A , Krieger K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The MEMOS-U code, a significantly upgraded version of MEMOS-3D, has been developed to address macroscopic metallic melt motion in large-deformation long-displacement regimes, where melts spill onto progressively colder solid surfaces, that are ubiquitous in contemporary tokamaks and expected to be realized in ITER. The modelling of plasma effects, appearing via the free-surface boundary conditions, is discussed along with the sensitivity to external input. The crucial roles of convective and thermionic cooling are exemplified by simulations of ELM-induced tungsten leading edge melting. Key melt characteristics, revealed by previous MEMOS-U modelling of grounded sample exposures, are confirmed in new simulations of the recent floating sample exposures in ASDEX-Upgrade.
Ceramic materials with special electrical properties based on niobates of alkali and alkaline earth metals: technology, structure, macro-responses, applications
Authors: Zubarev J Y , Philippoff S E , Reznichenko L A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The article describes the electrophysical properties research results of the solid solution based on sodium and strontium niobates. The obtained data indicate the preservation of piezoelectric activity in the paraelectric range. The research results will be of interest in the development of diagnostic devices for heat-loaded structures and radio engineering.
Features of the technology for producing multicomponent ferropiezoelectric materials
Authors: Dudkina S I , Shilkina L A , Reznichenko L A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A technological method has been developed for the manufacture of multicomponent ferroelectric piezoelectric materials based on lead titanate, including those modified by oxides of rare-earth elements, of the Pb(Ti, Zr)O3 binary system, and alkali metal niobates. The method is considered step by step on the example of the composition Pb0.88Nd0.1Ti0.92Mn0.02In0.06O3 and consists in additional heat treatment of the synthesized product at a temperature corresponding to the termination of the change in the unit cell parameters. It is shown that the materials obtained by using the proposed method have improved characteristics in comparison with similar ones realized in materials manufactured by the traditional method. The developed materials are promising for the creation of high-frequency electroacoustic transducers, ultrasonic flaw detectors, and medical diagnostic devices.
Glass-ceramics based on Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 for advanced all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Pershina S V , Antonov B D 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Glass-ceramic electrolytes of the Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3-xB2O3 series (0≤x≤0.15 wt%) were obtained by glass crystallization under the same conditions of heat treatment. The influence of B2O3 addition on the phase composition and unit cell parameters of lithium-aluminium-germanium-phosphate glass-ceramics was investigated by XRD. The obtained solid electrolytes have the NASICON-type structure with space group R-3c. Glass-ceramics is single-phase at 0≤x≤0.15. Transport properties of glass-ceramics electrolytes were investigated by impedance spectroscopy. The conductivity of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 was found to be lower compared to the B2O3-added solid electrolytes. Namely, the composition with 0.05 wt% has the highest lithium-ion conductivity, which is 5.5·10−4 S/cm at 25 °C. Also the thermal compatibility of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 solid electrolyte with Li4T5O12 anode material and the influence of Li3BO3 addition on their compatibility were investigated by DSC method.
Synthesis and characterization of dense proton-conducting BaZr1-xYxO3(x=0÷0.15) ceramics
Authors: Vorotnikov V A , Novikova Yu V , Kuzmin A V 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a technique for high-density BaZr1-xYxO3-6(x=0÷0.15) ceramics producing without the use of sintering additives is discussed. The obtained perovskite-like oxides are single-phase at the yttrium concentration of x=0÷0.1. For single-phase compounds, the lattice parameter increases when the yttrium addition rises. The microstructure of the produced samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Measurements of the thermal expansion and the total conductivity of BaZr1-xYxO3-8materials at different humidity evidence about the absence of phase transitions. The values of the specific conductivity depending on the temperature, the concentration of the acceptor impurity as well as the composition of the gas phase were implemented by the DC 4-probe method. In addition, the dependences of the effective activation energies on the conditions listed above are shown.
Metal salicylates Co2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Li+ and Mg2+: properties and effect on pain sensitivity
Authors: Yu Ravaeva M , Cheretaev I V , Chuyan E N 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the results of evaluating the effect of salicylates Co2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Li+ and Mg2+ at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg on the pain sensitivity of male rats. Experiments were carried out on 119 male Wistar laboratory rats in test models of acute thermal pain (“tail-flick” and “hot plate”). It has been shown that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) reduces the pain sensitivity with the participation of spinal and supraspinal mechanisms of regulation. The introduction of complexing metals (Co2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Li+ and Mg2+) mainly leads to a decrease in the analgesic effect of ASA.
Temperature effect on nanostructured wear-resistant coating on the surface of a band-saw cutting tool
Authors: Litvinov Artem E , Buz’ko Vladimir Yu , Goryachko Alexandr I 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The article presents the results of study of temperature effect on microstructural and thermophysical properties of developed nanostructured wear-resistant coating with high strength characteristics, resistance to shock and vibration loads on the surface of metal saw band for industrial instrumental and high-speed steel treatment. Studies are shown on the example of one of the cutting on band-cutting machines, using closed band saws as cutting tools made of spring-spring steels with obtained carbide cutting edges. It is known that the operating conditions of a band saw include such characteristics as increased vibration resistance, resistance to alternating and dynamic loads, as well as increased wear resistance. This article presents the results of the thermal effect on the characteristics of the developed wear-resistant nanostructured coating on the surface of the cutting edge of a band saw tooth for metalworking.
Repair of radiator leaks by cold spraying
Authors: Latypov R A , Serov A V , Serov N V 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The possibility of sealing various parts through holes by cold spraying is considered. A method is proposed and calculation formulas are presented for determining the critical size of the hole that can be sealed in this way without the use of additional parts. The brand of the powder and the technological parameters of the process that allow the sealing of holes of the largest size are determined.
Effects of various factors on concrete strength and crack-resistance
Authors: Perfilov V A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper reviews the methods for evaluation of strength and crack-resistance from the perspective of fracture mechanics and slow expansion of the most dangerous main cracks. Complete concrete stress-deformation and destruction diagrams with the fracture work and energy evaluation have been obtained through testing as well as the force parameter such as the critical stress intensity ratio has been determined. The analysis of test results has proved that crack-resistance of concrete can change depending on the type, size and volumetric content of the aggregate and also on the water-cement ratio, age, hardening conditions and heating temperature of concrete.
Slippage during high-pressure torsion processing of Vitreloy 105 bulk metallic glass
Authors: Gunderov D V , Astanin Vas V , Sharafutdinov A V , Bhatt Jatin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Using a special technique proposed by the authors, the real deformation achieved during high pressure torsion (HPT) of Zr-based bulk metal glasses (BMG) was determined. The methodology included joint HPT of two halves of disks of the BMG. High-pressure torsion was conducted on a different number of revolutions. Actual produced strain is shown to be much smaller than the expected one. However, the structure of the amorphous phase in the Vit105 BMG changes considerably as a result of HPT processing. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data, HPT for n = 5 revolutions leads to an increase in the free volume content by about 1.3%.
Improving the technology of aluminothermic rail welding based on software simulation
Authors: Galay M S , Ilinykh A S 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
One of the modern methods of connecting railway rails when creating a continuous welded track is thermite welding. The gap between the rails, into which the metal is poured, is 25 mm. However, when repairing rails on the way, it may not be enough to eliminate the defective rail section. Therefore, an increase in the welding gap up to 50 mm is considered a promising direction in the development of thermite welding of rails. T his study presents the results of modeling the process of rail welding by the thermite method using the NovaFlow& Solid CV software package. The purpose of the study was to assess the change in the length of the weld zone and heat-affected zone with an increase in the welding gap from 25 to 50 mm. The results of the simulation are thermograms reflecting the distribution of heat from the weld zone into the rails. These thermograms were used to determine the boundaries of the welded seam and the heat-affected zone. It was found that the use of a welding gap of 50 mm, instead of 25 mm, leads to the increase in the length of the welded seam by 1.3—1.6 times.
Simulations for Pulsating Breakups of a Nano Taylor Cone
Authors: Nie Qichun , Chen Hao , Li Siqi , Gao Xianxian , An Qiaoru , Fang Haisheng 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a Taylor cone model in the nanoscale is configured using the many-body dissipative particle dynamics method. The sharpening process of the Taylor cone and the breakup process at different electric field intensities and different charge concentrations are systematically investigated. Under a strong electric field, the hemispherical droplet is sharpened over time and evolves into a conic one. Then the conic cusp emits a thin jet. Finally, the cone shrinks into a semi-sphere after jet breaking. These deformation processes occur several times until no charges are emitted from the conic cusp. It is found that the electric field force is responsible for jet emitting, while the Coulombic force causes a jet breakup. With the rising of the intensity of the electric field, the breakup times also increase. However, the breakup times decrease with the rising of the charge concentration. It indicates that a conductive liquid with low electrical conductivities and subjected to a strong electric field is more prone to undergo pulsating breakups.