bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of dengue encephalitis with laboratory and clinical parameters in Tertiary Center of North India
Authors: Mehta Vinod Kumar , Verma Rajesh , Jain Ayushi , Sharma Neha , Mahdi Abbas Ali 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
With expanding clinical spectrum of dengue fever, encephalitis has been documented with increasing frequency. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, predictors and prognostic factors of dengue encephalitis (DE) in the setting of dengue viruses (DENV) infection.

Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based prospective cohort study was carried out, which included laboratory confirmed dengue positive cases. All dengue cases were categorized into nonencephalitis or encephalitis group. We estimated DE incidence and analyzed clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging data on admission, discharge and follow-up for 3 months to assess its predictors and prognostic factors.

Results:
Out of the enrolled 540 confirmed dengue cases, 27 patients had DE, representing 5% incidence. Two third of the DE patients were 20 years of age or younger, with male preponderance (81.5%). Fever, headache, and altered sensorium were present in >90% on admission. Significant predictors of encephalitis were mean body temperature during fever (P < 0.001), headache (P = 0.015), secondary dengue (P = 0.005), dengue hemorrhagic fever (P < 0.001), elevated hematocrit (P < 0.001), liver function test derangement (P < 0.05), and low platelet count (P = 0.006). Poor outcome factors for DE patients were prolonged duration of fever (P < 0.001), seizure (P = 0.002), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) DENV positivity (P = 0.049). One third patients died and the remainder of them recovered. An increasingly higher incidence rate with high mortality of DE is reported.

Conclusion:
Clinical and laboratory parameter along with DENV positivity in CSF can predict and prognosticate dengue encephalitis.
Vitamin A and its dervatives effect on bone mineral density, a systematic review
Authors: Khojah Qamar , AlRumaihi Shorowk , AlRajeh Ghadah , Aburas AlHanouf , AlOthman AlAnoud , Ferwana Mazen 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Even though vitamin A (Vit A) is one of the essential vitamins required for bone growth and development, it is still uncertain whether its effect on bone mineral density (BMD) is beneficial or harmful.

Aim:
To assess Vit A’s effect and its derivatives on BMD and the risk of developing osteoporosis.

Data sources:
PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched in February 2019 and updated in November 2020.

Methods:
Conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results:
A total of 13 studies were included in this report out of 9,124 citations. Five of them were cross-sectional studies, and nine were cohort studies. Three out of five cross-sectional studies showed an increase in BMD, while two showed a decrease in BMD. Four out of eight cohort studies found an increase in BMD; two studies found no association between vitamin A level and BMD; one showed an inverse U-shape association of vitamin A with BMD, suggesting that both the increase or decrease levels of vitamin A affect BMD, while only one study showed a decrease in BMD.

Conclusion:
Although most of the included studies showed a favorable effect of Vit A on BMD, Vit A’s role or its derivatives on BMD change remains unclear.
APRI and FIB-4 performance to assess liver fibrosis against predefined Fibroscan values in chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Rungta Sumit , Kumari Shweta , Deep Amar , Verma Kamlendra , Swaroop Suchit 
Published: December 2021

Backgrounds and Aims:
Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection can leads to chronic liver disease, fibrosis, then cirrhosis, and, finally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); moreover, it is the most common indication for liver transplantation. Liver biopsy is still the gold standard method for the staging of liver fibrosis as it is an invasive procedure with complications. There are some noninvasive methods such as fibroscan that are now the investigation of choice; FIB-4 and aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) are other noninvasive tools to assess liver fibrosis by using aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), platelet count, and age. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and performance of FIB-4 and APRI against fibroscan in patients infected with the hepatitis C virus.

Method:
It is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in a tertiary health care center in Uttar Pradesh, India, from January 2017 to January 2020. Fibroscan was done for all patients. A blood sample was used to determine AST, ALT, and platelet count. FIB-4 and APRI were calculated from laboratory data.

Result:
187 of the 487 patients in the study have F0-F1 fibrosis, 69 have F2, 53 have F3 fibrosis, and 178 have cirrhosis. Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, single optimum cut-offs for diagnosing significant fibrosis and cirrhosis were 1.2 for APRI and 2.25 for FIB-4.

Conclusions:
Compared with Fibroscan, APRI and FIB-4 showed good performance in detecting the patients without liver fibrosis as well as satisfactory performance in detecting significant fibrosis. These scores should be used in combination with other noninvasive scores for an accurate assessment of liver fibrosis.
Perceived stress and eating behavior among residents in a teaching hospital
Authors: Bin Mugren Mohammed A. , Al Turki Yousef A. 
Published: December 2021

Objectives:
This study aimed to estimate the association between perceived stress and eating behavior among residents in a tertiary teaching hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
A total of 305 residents were invited from seven major specialties in King Saud University Medical City to participate in this cross-sectional study, and among them, 214 completed the questionnaire between April 2019 and January 2020. The questionnaire evaluated stress and eating behavior using the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale and Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire, respectively. Moreover, items related to socio-demographic data, weekend coverage per month, night duties per month, fast food, snacks, and vegetables and fruits intake were included.

Results:
We found a weak positive correlation at the significance level (P < 0.05) between the level of stress and both the clearly labeled emotions (0.184) and emotional eating (0.171). Furthermore, there was a significant effect of specialty, Wilk’s Lambda =0.858, F (30, 814) =1.062, P = 0.030. Among residents who performed 4 to 6-night duties per month, a significant correlation existed between stress and abnormal eating behaviors.

Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrated a positive correlation between stress, night duties, and abnormal eating behaviors. Furthermore, the results suggested unhealthy dietary habits and food choices among residents.
Spontaneous epidural hematoma
Authors: Takroni Samaa Y. , Nasiri Abdulrahman M. , Ahmed Elguneid , Alkharras Reem A. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is defined as an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin S and is correlated with high morbidity and mortality. The clinical consequences of SCD include pain crisis, acute chest syndrome, and strokes. Spontaneous epidural hematoma is a rare manifestation in sicklers with few cases reported in the literature.[6] The pathophysiology is not completely understood. However, a few explanations have been reported over the years that include vaso-occlusion of the bone resulting in bone infarction, microfracture due to rapid expansion of hematopoiesis of the inner cortex, and sludging of the sickle cells in the diploic veins—all result in leaking of blood in the epidural or in the subgalea space.

Patient Concerns:
A 14-year-old boy known to have SCD (Hb SS) presented to the Security Forces Hospital with a history of diffuse headache associated with nausea that started 12 h prior to presentation.

Diagnosis:
Computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral frontal epidural hematoma and subgaleal space.

Intervention:
A multidisciplinary team was created (hematology, neurology, neurosurgery, and interventional radiology) and a plan was formulated as follows: Continuous monitoring of the patient’s neuro vital signs and transfuse the patient with blood and platelets in addition with Levetiracetam.

Outcomes:
The patient was discharged after 9 days of hospital admission. He has remained symptom-free post-transfusion. Post-discharge CT scan showed a reduction in the hematoma size.

Conclusion:
A high index of suspicion is needed for a prompt diagnosis and treatment of this rare complication of SCD. The management strategy of EDH depends on the level of consciousness of the patient upon presentation. Surgical approach with craniotomy and evacuation or conservative management have been used with full recovery of the patients.
Evaluation of effects of Spilanthes acmella extract on muscle mass and sexual potency in males
Authors: Pradhan Nihar Ranjan , Mishra Kumar Guru , Patnaik Nabnita , Nayak Ranjeeta 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Spilanthol, an active metabolite of the herb Spilanthes acmella, has many biological and pharmacological effects with limited studies on humans.

Objectives:
To determine the extent of increase/decrease in muscle mass and sexual frequency over a period of 3 weeks and 2 months in participants consuming SA3X capsules (containing 500 mg of Spilanthes acmella extract, standardized to 3.5% spilanthol delivering 17.5 mg spilanthol).

Materials and Methods:
The study is longitudinal in nature and is conducted among 240 male participants consuming SA3X capsules at three points – first at recruitment, second at the end of 3 weeks, and lastly at the end of 2 months in Hyderabad and Secunderabad who were assessed for muscle gain by measuring mid upper-arm circumference (MUAC), chest circumference (CC), thigh circumference (TC), and for sexual activity by a change in frequency of sexual activity and duration of penile erection. The nutrient intake was assessed by 24-h dietary recall method at each visit along with the daily activity.

Results:
A significant increase in the MUAC, (P = 0.050), frequency of sexual intercourse (P = 0.028), and duration of penile erection (P = 0.032) were observed at the end of 3 weeks; however, no changes were observed in CC and TC. At the end of 2 months, a significant increase in the parameters MUAC (P = 0.031), frequency of sexual intercourse (P < 0.001), duration of penile erection (P = 0.029) along with significant increase in CC; (P = 0.048) and TC; (P = 0.036) was observed.

Conclusion:
The study reflects the herb Spilanthes acmella to be a potent muscle gainer and aphrodisiac. However, further studies on humans need to be carried out to establish the temporality of the association of spilanthol with its claimed benefits.
Seroprevalence and attainment of herd immunity against SARS CoV-2
Authors: Paul Abhijit , Kadnur Harshith B. , Ray Animesh , Chatterjee Samrat , Wig Naveet 
Published: December 2021

Objective:
The present study aims to predict the likelihood of and likely time required to attain herd immunity against COVID-19 in New Delhi due to natural infection.

Method:
An ODE-based mathematical model was constructed by extending the classical SEIR model to predict the seroprevalence rate. We estimated the parameter values for Delhi using available data (reported cases and the seroprevalence rate) and used them for future prediction. Also, changes in the seroprevalence rate with different possibilities of reinfection were predicted.

Results:
Maximum seroprevalence rate obtained through our model is 31.65% and also a reduction in the seroprevalence rate was observed for the upcoming one month (month of January, 2021) due to the reduced transmission rate. After increasing the transmission rate to the value same as the third wave in New Delhi, we obtained a maximum value of 54.96%. This maximum value significantly decreased with the reduction in the reinfection possibilities. Also, a little impact of the duration of persistence of antibodies, 180 vs 105 days, was observed on the maximum seroprevalence.

Conclusion:
This modelling study suggests that natural infection alone, as gauged by serial sero-surveys, may not result in attainment of herd immunity in the state of Delhi.
Overweight
Authors: Rajiva Rajiva , Faujdar Dharamjeet S. , Bobdey Saurabh , Pardal Maninder P. S. 
Published: December 2021

Introduction:
Obesity may contribute to the initiation, progression, transmission, and deterioration of COVID-19. However, there was lack of such studies carried out by Indian workers.

Materials and Methods:
Data of cumulative cases of COVID-19 of various countries as on the day the peak incidence were reported in each country during the first and second waves of the pandemic was obtained from the internet. Data on prevalence of overweight were obtained by doing a thorough search of existing literature. The data so collected were tabulated and analyzed using SPSS version 20 to establish a correlation coefficient between overweight and COVID-19. Data pertaining to overweight status and age profile and COVID-19 status as on 28 Feb 2021 was collated as part of routine surveillance from the Health Department in an urban area. The total population for which the above data was obtained was 1107. The data so collected were subject to statistical analysis using SPSS version 20, to find out the odds ratio of overweight as a risk factor for COVID-19 after adjusting for age.

Results:
Correlation coefficient between overweight and COVID-19 for data pertaining to the first wave and the second wave 0.95 and 0.94, respectively. Odds ratio of overweight as a risk factor for COVID-19 after adjusting for age works out to 2.95 (95% confidence interval 2.30- 3.78). Mean age of the study subjects was 32.61 years (median 32 years, minimum 19 years, maximum 54 years, standard deviation 6.62).

Limitations:
The limitation of the present study is that the workers could only obtain retrospective data, carry out a case-control study and calculate odd ratio for overweight as a risk factor for COVID-19.
Effect of physical activity on mental wellbeing among teachers of secondary school in Almadina city, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AL-Johani Riyadh Mohammed 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Physical activity has many beneficial effects on mental health. Benefit of physical activity appears proportional to the amount of activity rather than the intensity of physical activity.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of physical activity on mental wellbeing of teachers of secondary school in Almadina city- 2019.

Subjects and Methods:
A descriptive cross sectional study was applied among a representative multi-stage random sample of secondary school teachers in Almadina. Two validated questionnaires, in addition to personal data were utilized to collect data; Short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) version 2.0 to evaluate physical activity and the Warwick-Edinburg Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) to assess mental wellbeing both in Arabic language.

Results:
The study included 230 teachers. Their age ranged between 27 and 59 years with a mean ± (SD) of 39.4 (±7.6) years. Almost half of them were males (50.4%). Most of the teachers were either overweight (30%) or obese (40.9%). Almost half of teachers (48.3%) reported moderate level of physical activity whereas only 9.1% reported high level. Low level of physical activity was mentioned by 42.6% of the respondents. There was no significant difference between male and female teachers regarding physical activity level. The association between level of physical activity and body mass index was statistically significant, P < 0.001. Majority of the teachers expressed high mental wellbeing level while only 3.5% of them had low level of mental wellbeing. High level of mental well-being was observed among 95.6% of females compared to 85.3% of males, P = 0.008. There was a statistically significant positive association between levels of physical activity and mental well-being among teachers (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
Level of practicing physical activities among secondary school teachers in Almadina is suboptimal, with no gender difference. Majority of the teachers have high mental well-being, particularly females. There is a positive association between levels of physical activity and mental wellbeing among teachers.
Assessment of awareness of pharmacy profession as a career among secondary school students in Kaduna state, Nigeria
Authors: Musa Abbas , Magaji Muhammad Garba , Bello Raliya Muhammad 
Published: December 2021

Background: Pharmacists play prominent roles in the health care system and enjoy a wide variety of inter-related careers, placing them among the high-ranking health professionals. Aim: To assess the awareness of pharmacy as a career among secondary school students in the Zaria and Giwa educational zones of Kaduna State, Nigeria. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in secondary schools located in the Zaria and Giwa educational zones in Kaduna state, Nigeria; a sample of 278 students completed a 26-item questionnaire. Results: The respondents displayed a fair knowledge of pharmacy (mean score of 9.8 out of 20), with significant differences in awareness observed between males and females (p=0.026), students from private and public schools (p<0.001), and those from schools located in urban and rural areas (p<0.001). Conclusion: The students had a fair knowledge of pharmacy careers and pharmacists' roles and characteristics.
Застосування стохастичних мереж у проєктах цифровізації державного сектору
Authors: Bushuyev S.D. , Bushuyeva V.B. , Zasukha I.P. 
Published: December 2021

Мережевий аналіз широко застосовується для планування і управління проектами. PERT і CPM, найбільш відомі методи мережевого моделювання, застосовувалися в різних проєктах для цілей планування і управління. Однак можливості PERT і CPM обмежені, що забороняє моделювання багатьох складних мережевих форм проєкту. Більш гнучким універсальним мережевим інструментом, якому останнім часом приділяється підвищена увага, є GERT (Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique), GERT включає такі функції, як імовірнісне розгалуження (стохастичні моделі), сітьова петля (петлі зворотного зв'язку), кілька вузлів − приймачі (множинні результати) і реалізація декількох вузлів (повторювані події), які недоступні в PERT / CPM. Ці функції GERT надають користувачеві можливість моделювати і аналізувати проекти і системи самого загального виду. Оскільки багато системних проблем реального світу дійсно пов'язані з імовірними подіями, помилковими запусками, повторенням дій і множинними результатами, GERT є ідеальним інструментом для моделювання і аналізу. Мета даної статті − описати методику моделювання мережі GERT і пакет імітаційного моделювання, а також продемонструвати його можливості на прикладі планування проєкту формалізованої моделі «КОНСТРУКТИВНИЙ РОЗВИТОК ПРОДУКТУ Х», як результат науково-дослідної роботи. В цей огляд GERT буде включено обговорення використання вихідних даних GERT для управлінського планування і контролю, включаючи аналіз чутливості і реалізацію.
Механізми проектно-орієнтованого управління закладами вищої освіти в рамках інноваційних програм
Authors: Piterska Varvara 
Published: December 2021

Актуальність дослідження обумовлена сучасним несприятливим інноваційним кліматом в державі, який сформований в умовах не працюючого державного регулювання інноваційної сфери, стрімкого занепаду української науки, її фактичної відірваності від підприємництва. У такій ситуації виникає нагальна необхідність розробки нових теоретичних і методологічних підходів та механізмів на основі передового досвіду розвинутих країн, які б дозволили підвищити ефективність взаємодії учасників інноваційної діяльності, а саме закладів вищої освіти, що займають найбільшу частку в сфері проведення наукової діяльності у державі. Було встановлено, що за останні десяти-річчя українська наука зазнала значних змін. Колись одна з провідних країн світу з чисельними школами, традиціями, матеріально-технічними базами, Україна перетворилась на державу, в якій всі спроби на підвищення ефективності інноваційної діяльності закінчуються занепадом. Вказано, що несприятлива ситуація у науковій та інноваційній сфері набуває катастрофічного характеру, що може викликати несприятливі тенденції у забезпеченні технологічної та економічною безпеки України. Було запропоновано вирішення зазначеної проблеми із залученням провідних експертів та владних структур всіх рівнів. Без кардинального використання у системі управління науковою діяльністю закладів вищої освіти методології проектного менеджменту досягти результатів в сфері наукових досліджень та їх впровадження у виробництво неможливо.
Аналіз флоту річкових круїзних пасажирських суден Китаю
Authors: Egorov A. 
Published: December 2021

Виконано дослідження флоту китайських річкових круїзних пасажирських суден (РКПС), визначені основні круїзні компанії: «Century Cruises», «Changjiang Cruises», «China Goddess Cruises», «President Cruises», «Victoria Cruises», «Yangtze Gold Cruises», «Sanctuary Yangzi Explorer».
На січень 2021 року в експлуатації на річці Янцзи знаходяться 29 РКПС міжнародного рівня. Ще 6 РКПС добудовуються і будуть здані в 2021-2023 роках. Середній вік працюючих РКПС 12,1 рік. Сумарна пасажиромісткість 10889 чоловік, з урахуванням суден, які будуть здані в експлуатацію найближчим часом, 14739 чоловік. Середня завантаженість РКПС в 2017 році склала 75-82%.
Нові судна для «в’їзних» туристів проектуються і будуються з зірковістю 5+*. Враховуються особливості китайського регіону: східні майстер-класи, курси каліграфії, тайцзи і традиційної китайської медицини, окремі віп ресторани і лаунж-зони, кімнати для гри в маджонг, китайське караоке KTV, лекції про історію та культуру КНР, китайські елементи в інтер'єрах. Площа стандартних кают варіюється від 15 до 31 м2 (на єдиному ультра-люксовому китайському РКПС «Yangtze Explorer»), кают класу «Люкс» – від 22 до 176 м2. Всі каюти, за винятком внутрішніх, з балконами.
Приділяється особлива увага комфортабельності на борту і екологічності суден: з метою зменшення шуму і вібрації нові РКПС будуються з гвинто-рульовими колонками на електрорусі, встановлюються системи очищення стічних вод, відходи перероблюються прямо на борту.
Role of Patrapinda Sweda and Matrabasti in management of Katishoola (Low back pain)- A case study
Authors: Mishra Rajkumar , Sengupta Sanjukta , Mund Jayshankar 
Published: December 2021

Low back pain (LBP) is the most common chronic musculoskeletal disorder. It has symptoms like pain, swelling, stiffness or limited range of motion and these symptoms lie very close to the entity Katigraha&Katishoola in Ayurveda which is coming under Vatavyadhi(diseases of Nervous system and musculoskeletal system). The Contemporary management has little effect on the disease. It is an important clinical, social, economic and public health problem affecting the population indiscriminately. It is a disorder with many possible aetiologies, occurring in many groups of the population, and with many definitions. The prevalence of LBP in Indian population has been found to vary between 6.2% (in general population) to 92% (in construction workers). This problem supposedly has a favourable natural history, although it can markedly disable, and has challenged the health care providers. Understanding the role of different medical systems in the management of backache,it is important for the cost-effective management of the disease. Ayurveda treatment modality, exercise, regimen may result in low backache recovery. Here in this article, the diagnostic and treatment aspects are discussed and applied critically using Ayurvedic therapy.