bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic Superior Capsular Reconstruction for Older Patients With Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: A Comparative Study With Younger Patients
Authors: Kholinne Erica , Kwak Jae-Man , Cho Chang-Ho , AlSomali Khalid , Van Nguyen Thanh , Kim Hyojune , Koh Kyoung-Hwan , Jeon In-Ho 
Published: July 2021

Background: Arthroscopic superior capsular reconstruction (ASCR) is a method for treating irreparable chronic rotator cuff tears. However, the extent to which ASCR can be performed with regard to the patient’s age has yet to be determined. Purpose: To compare the surgical outcomes of ASCR for the treatment of irreparable rotator cuff tears (IRCTs) in patients aged <65 years versus patients aged ≥65 years. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Of 105 patients with IRCTs who underwent ASCR between March 2013 and June 2020, 73 patients were enrolled in this study based on the selection criteria. Polypropylene mesh augmentation to the graft was used in 18 of 36 patients in the younger adults group (age, <65 years) and 20 of 37 patients in the older adults group (age, ≥65 years). The clinical and radiological outcomes were evaluated preoperatively and at the final clinical follow-up. The graft integrity status was evaluated using serial magnetic resonance imaging and set as the primary endpoint. Furthermore, subgroup analysis was performed based on age group and graft type. Results: The mean age of the patients was 59.2 ± 3.8 years in the younger adults group and 70.5 ± 4.1 years in the older adults group. Both groups showed improvement based on the clinical and radiological outcomes at the final follow-up. The mean American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores improved from 52.3 ± 15.4 to 77.3 ± 13.5 in the younger adults group ( P < .001) and from 45.7 ± 16.1 to 76.6 ± 11.4 in the older adults group ( P < .001). The mean visual analog scale for pain scores improved from 5.5 ± 1.2 to 2.1 ± 0.9 in the younger adults group ( P < .001) and from 5.5 ± 1.4 to 2.1 ± 1.2 in the older adults group ( P < .001). The graft healing rate was significantly higher in the younger adults group (81%) than in the older adults group (65%) ( P = .049). Subgroup analysis showed that after mesh augmentation, the healing rate in the younger adults group (84%) was similar to that in the older adults group (85%) ( P = .299). Conclusion: ASCR resulted in a favorable surgical outcome for both younger and older adult patients with IRCT. The younger patients had lower graft failure rates and superior surgical outcomes. In older patients, ASCR using polypropylene mesh augmentation may reduce graft failure and result in surgical outcomes similar to those in younger patients.
Clinical and Social Characteristics of Deliberately Intoxicated Minors Treated in Pediatric Intensive Care
Authors: Odeta Kinciniene , Auge Lesinskaite , Rokas Sambaras , Vankeviciene Ramune , Dervinyte-Bongarzoni Asta , Sigita Lesinskiene 
Published: July 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to determine and compare the clinical and social characteristics of minors using alcohol and drugs for inebriation, and the same for those using them for suicide. Methods: This study includes an analysis of case histories of adolescents hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit because of acute alcohol or/and drug intoxication in 2015 to 2017. Two groups (group I: inebriation, and group II: suicide) were compared on age, sex, severity of intoxication, used substances, presence of other self-harm evidence, and social status. Results: A total of 390 cases were registered: 78.21% in Group I and 21.79% in Group II. The Glasgow-Coma-Scale scores showed that patients from Group I were more severely intoxicated, with an average score of 11.47, whereas patients from Group II averaged 13.45 ( P < .001). Self-harm was more prominent among minors from Group II, with an incidence of up to 65.09%. The most common substance used to become inebriated was alcohol (72.79%), and for committing suicide was medication (88.24%). Patients who were living in children’s care homes composed 13.33% of all cases included into the study, despite the low frequency of these minors in Lithuania (0.8%). Conclusions: The substance used for deliberate intoxication was mostly alcohol. Minors experiencing inebriation were hospitalized in worse clinical condition in comparison to those who had attempted suicide. Other signs of self-harm were significantly more common among suicidal minors. Living in children’s care homes is a possible risk factor for deliberate intoxication among young people in Lithuania.
Language and counterfactual reasoning in Chinese, English and ChineseL1-EnglishL2 reasoners
Authors: Bassetti Bene 
Published: July 2021

Aims: No recent studies have investigated language effects on counterfactual reasoning in bilinguals. This paper investigates the impact of bilinguals’ native language and language of testing on counterfactual reasoning, addressing two questions: (1) Do older Chinese reasoners, educated before English became a school subject, draw different inferences, or use different cues to draw inferences, compared with English peers and younger ChineseL1 reasoners? Does knowing English affect their reasoning? and (2) Do Chinese reasoners draw different inferences, or use different cues, when tested in Chinese and when tested in English? Design: Experiment 1: The explanatory variables are first language (between-group: Chinese, English), age cohort (between-group: young, older), inferential chain length (within-group: short, long). Experiment 2: The explanatory variables are language of testing (between-group: Chinese, English) and inferential chain length (within-group: short, long). The outcome is the consequent probability rating. Open questions investigate cues used to draw inferences. Analysis: The sample comprised 188 participants. Generalised linear mixed-effects models were used for quantitative data, thematic analysis for qualitative data. Findings: Older Chinese speakers rate long-chain consequents as more probable than English peers. Chinese and English reasoners use different cues to make inferences, as do Chinese reasoners tested in Chinese L1 or English L2. Originality: This is the first paper to compare Chinese reasoners educated before and after English entered the school curriculum, and to investigate inferential chain length effects on Chinese counterfactual reasoning. It introduces a novel task (consequent evaluation), and adopts a mixed-method approach to investigate both the product and process of reasoning, using quantitative and qualitative data respectively. Significance: The study provides new evidence and interpretation for the old debate about language effects on counterfactual reasoning in cognitive psychology; shows that conditional reasoning is a fruitful topic for linguistic relativity and bilingual cognition research; and testifies that qualitative data allows detection of differences in thinking processes.
Smoking Cessation Mobile Interventions in Latin America: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cartujano-Barrera Francisco , Rodríguez-Bolaños Rosibel , Arana-Chicas Evelyn , Allaham Fatema , Sandoval Lizbeth , Rubado Michelle , Gallegos-Carrillo Katia , Colugnati Fernando Antonio Basile , Galil Arise G. , Mejia Raul M. , Cupertino Ana Paula 
Published: July 2021

Objective: To systematically review published articles reporting the use of smoking cessation mobile health (mHealth) interventions in Latin America. Methods: Five different databases were searched from database inception to 2020. Criteria: (1) the research was a smoking cessation randomized controlled trial (RCT), quasi-experimental research, or single-arm study; (2) the intervention used at least one type of mHealth intervention; (3) the research was conducted in Latin American; and (4) the research reported the cessation rate. Results: Of the seven selected studies, four were conducted in Brazil, two in Mexico, and one in Peru. Only one study was an adequately powered RCT. Interventions relied on text messages ( n = 3), web-based tools ( n = 2), and telephone calls ( n = 3). Some studies ( n = 4) provided pharmacotherapy support. Smoking cessation outcomes included self-reported ( n = 5) and biochemically verified ( n = 2) abstinence. Follow-ups were conducted at Month 6 ( n = 2), Week 12 ( n = 4), and Day 30 ( n = 1). Cessation rates varied from 9.4% at Week 12 to 55.5% at Day 30. Conclusion: Despite the promising cessation rates of mHealth interventions in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru, there is a need to rigorously evaluate these interventions in different Latin American countries with RCTs that are long-term, adequately powered, and use biochemical verification of cessation.
Fansidar drug induces cytotoxicity in some vital tissues in a rat model: combination defensive effect of selenium and zinc capsules
Authors: Akintunde J. K , Ajiboye J. A , Siemuri E. O , Olabisi O. O. 
Published: July 2021

Aim: Fansidar (FAN) is widely used as an antimalarial drug, but it may cause hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Hence, the study examines the cytoprotection of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) tablets against FAN induced toxicity. Method: Group I was given distilled water. Groups II, III, IV, and V received 50 mg/kg FAN by gavage. Group III was co-treated with a 50 mg/kg Se tablet. Group IV was co-treated with a 50 mg/kg Zn tablet. Group V was co-treated with a 50 mg/kg Se tablet + 50 mg/kg Zn tablet. The exposure lasted for 7 days (sub-acute exposure). Result: FAN causes cytotoxicity through significant ( p < 0.05) alteration of antioxidant molecules and hepatic enzymes. It also significantly ( p < 0.05) induces renal, hepatocyte, and purkinje cell damage, but no visible lesion on testicular cells. The FAN induced cytotoxicity was significantly ( p < 0.05) reversed on treatment with both single and combined antioxidant tablets. Conclusion: Our study supports the view that antioxidant micronutrient (Se and Zn) tablets may be a useful modulator in alleviating FAN induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in male rats. Plain language summary Combined selenium and zinc capsules: better therapy against cytotoxicity Fansidar was approved by United States’ Food and Drug Administration as an anti-malarial drug to treat acute and complicated malaria fever among patients in West Africa; however, its usage elicits toxicity to several organs of the body. It was elucidated that the combination of selenium and zinc capsules promotes organ wellness on co-treatment with Fansidar.
Arthroscopic Repair of Humeral Avulsion of Glenohumeral Ligament Lesions: Outcomes at 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Grundshtein Alon , Kazum Efi , Chechik Ofir , Dolkart Oleg , Rath Ehud , Bivas Assaf , Maman Eran 
Published: July 2021

Background: Humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament (HAGL) is an uncommon condition but a major contributor to shoulder instability and functional decline. Purpose: To describe the pre- and postoperative HAGL lesion presentations of instability, pain, and functionality and the return-to-sports activities in patients managed arthroscopically for anterior and posterior HAGL lesions. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Data on patients with HAGL lesions treated with arthroscopic repair between 2009 and 2018 were retrospectively retrieved from medical charts, and the patients were interviewed to assess their level of postoperative functionality. The Rowe; Constant; University of California, Los Angeles; Oxford; and pain visual analog scale (VAS) scores were obtained for both pre- and postoperative status. Return-to-sports activities and level of activities after surgery were compared with the preinjury state, and complications, reoperations, and recurrent instability were recorded and evaluated. Results: There were 23 study patients (12 females and 11 males; mean age, 24 years). The mean follow-up duration was 24.4 months (range, 7-99 months; median, 17 months). In 7 (30.4%) of the patients, HAGL lesions were diagnosed only intraoperatively. A significant improvement was seen in all examined postoperative functional scores and VAS. At the last follow-up visit, 2 patients (8.7%) reported residual instability with no improvement in pain levels and declined any further treatment, and 3 others (13.0%) required revision surgeries for additional shoulder pathologies (reoperations were performed 18-36 months after the index procedure). The remaining 18 patients (78.3%) were free of pain and symptoms. There was a mean of 0.65 coexisting pathologies per patient, mostly superior labral anterior-posterior, Bankart, and rotator cuff lesions. Conclusion: HAGL lesions are often missed during routine workup in patients with symptoms of instability, and a high level of suspicion is essential during history acquisition, clinical examination, magnetic resonance imaging arthrogram interpretation, and arthroscopic evaluation. Arthroscopic repair yields good pain and stability results; however, some high-level athletes may not return to their preinjury level of activity.
Comparing the Predictors of Functional Outcomes After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Modified Frailty Index, Clinical Frailty Scale, and Charlson Comorbidity Index
Authors: Moorthy Vikaesh , Lee Merrill , Ang Benjamin Fu Hong , Chen Jerry Yongqiang , Lie Denny Tjiauw Tjoen 
Published: July 2021

Background: The incidence of rotator cuff tears increases with age, and operative management is usually required in patients with persistent symptoms. Although several studies have analyzed the effect of age and comorbidities on outcomes after rotator cuff repair, no study has specifically examined the consequence of frailty. Purpose: To determine the best frailty/comorbidity index for predicting functional outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of 340 consecutive patients who underwent unilateral arthroscopic rotator cuff repair at a tertiary hospital between April 2016 and April 2018. All patients had undergone arthroscopic double-row rotator cuff repair with subacromial decompression by a single fellowship-trained shoulder surgeon. Patient frailty was measured using the Modified Frailty Index (MFI), Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), calculated through retrospective chart review based on case notes made just before surgery; patient age and sex were also noted preoperatively. Functional outcomes using the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), Constant Shoulder Score (CSS), University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Score, and visual analog scale for pain were measured preoperatively and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Results: The MFI was a consistent significant predictor in all functional outcome scores up to 24 months postoperatively ( P < .05), unlike the CFS and CCI. Sex was also a significant predictor of postoperative OSS, CSS, and UCLA Shoulder Score, with male sex being associated with better functional outcomes. Patients with higher MFI scores had slower functional improvement postoperatively, but they eventually attained functional outcome scores comparable with those of their counterparts with lower MFI scores at 24 months postoperatively. Conclusion: The MFI was found to be a better tool for predicting postoperative function than was the CFS or CCI in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. The study findings suggest that a multidimensional assessment of frailty (including both functional status and comorbidities) is important in determining functional outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.
Clinical And Plantar Fascial Morphologic Changes After Proximal Medial Gastrocnemius Release Treatment of Recalcitrant Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Ginés-Cespedosa Alberto , Ugarte Ignacio Wormull , Ares-Vidal Jesus , Solano-Lopez Alberto , Adames Daniel Bianco , Gamba Carlo 
Published: July 2021

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used as a diagnostic and prognostic instrument to evaluate the results of conservative treatment for plantar fasciitis. However, there are scarce data available relative to changes in the plantar fascia after operative treatment. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the imaging changes in patients with recalcitrant plantar fasciitis treated operatively by means of proximal medial gastrocnemius release. Methods: Thirteen patients with recalcitrant plantar fasciitis were studied with MRI preoperatively and 1 year after operative treatment. Quantitative (plantar fascia thickness) and qualitative variables (hyperintensity in the plantar fascia, insertional calcaneus bone edema, a plantar fascia tear, and the presence of perifascial collections) were assessed by 2 musculoskeletal radiologists. Clinical results were also measured with American Orthopaedic Ankle & Society (AOFAS), visual analog scale (VAS) pain, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scales. Results: The mean plantar fascia thickness was 6.59 mm preoperatively and 6.37 mm postoperatively ( P = .972). No statistically significant differences were found in any of the qualitative variables on comparing the pre- and postoperative periods. Patients reported clinical improvements in pain VAS, AOFAS measurement, and the physical subdomains of the SF-36 scale. Conclusion: Quantitative and qualitative variables assessed for the plantar fascia on MRI did not show any significant change after medial gastrocnemius release despite clear clinical improvement. Level of Evidence: Level II, perspective cohort study.
CD63 is regulated by iron via the IRE-IRP system and is important for ferritin secretion by extracellular vesicles
Authors: Yanatori Izumi , Richardson Des R. , Dhekne Herschel S. , Toyokuni Shinya , Kishi Fumio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) transfer functional molecules between cells. CD63 is a widely recognized EV marker that contributes to EV secretion from cells. However, the regulation of its expression remains largely unknown. Ferritin is a cellular iron storage protein that can also be secreted by the exosome pathway, and serum ferritin levels classically reflect body iron stores. Iron metabolism–associated proteins such as ferritin are intricately regulated by cellular iron levels via the iron responsive element-iron regulatory protein (IRE-IRP) system. Herein, we present a novel mechanism demonstrating that the expression of the EV-associated protein CD63 is under the regulation of the IRE-IRP system. We discovered a canonical IRE in the 5′ untranslated region of CD63 messenger RNA that is responsible for regulating its expression in response to increased iron. Cellular iron loading caused a marked increase in CD63 expression and the secretion of CD63+ EVs from cells, which were shown to contain ferritin-H and ferritin-L. Our results demonstrate that under iron loading, intracellular ferritin is transferred via nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) to CD63+ EVs that are then secreted. Such iron-regulated secretion of the major iron storage protein ferritin via CD63+ EVs, is significant for understanding the local cell-to-cell exchange of ferritin and iron.
Environmental risk assessment of veterinary medicinal products intended for use in aquaculture in Europe: the need for developing a harmonised approach
Authors: de la Casa-Resino Irene , Empl Michael T. , Villa Sara , Kolar Boris , Fabrega Julia , Lillicrap Adam D. , Karamanlis Xanthippos N. , Carapeto-García Ricardo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe current and future expansion of aquaculture production appears to be only manageable by using veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) to prevent and reduce disease outbreaks. However, only a very low number of VMPs are available for use in aquaculture systems. In addition, the environmental risk potentially emanating from the use of these products has gained increased attention in the last years. In this context, the present review represents an in-depth analysis of the current two-tiered (phase I and phase II) approach for the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of VMPs mandatory in the European Union and the European Economic Area (EU/EEA), and its applicability to medicinal products intended for use in aquaculture. The following conclusions are drawn: (i) the current regulatory guidance documents detailing the phase I and II ERA procedure should be updated and harmonised across Member States and simple approach(es) applicable to the assessment of the environmental exposure of VMPs intended for use in aquaculture facilities should be devised; (ii) current and future regulatory guidance documents detailing the phase II ERA procedure for VMPs intended for use in aquaculture should comprise advanced mathematical models suitable for addressing different exposure scenarios relevant across the whole EU/EEA (including scenarios addressing the exposure of VMPs to agricultural soils from fish sludge); and (iii) it is recommended that any updates of relevant ERA guidelines clearly detail the types of studies needed to determine potential adverse effects of VMPs used in aquaculture on non-target organisms. Furthermore, the application of risk mitigation measures tailored to the reduction of the environmental exposure of VMPs on an individual aquaculture farm level should be considered in any future or updated guideline. Finally, it is anticipated that the present analysis of the main drawbacks surrounding the current ERA regulatory framework will help competent authorities to harmonise and facilitate the approval process for VMPs intended for use in aquaculture.
SPLICE-q: a Python tool for genome-wide quantification of splicing efficiency
Authors: de Melo Costa Verônica R. , Pfeuffer Julianus , Louloupi Annita , Ørom Ulf A. V. , Piro Rosario M. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Introns are generally removed from primary transcripts to form mature RNA molecules in a post-transcriptional process called splicing. An efficient splicing of primary transcripts is an essential step in gene expression and its misregulation is related to numerous human diseases. Thus, to better understand the dynamics of this process and the perturbations that might be caused by aberrant transcript processing it is important to quantify splicing efficiency.

Results
Here, we introduce SPLICE-q, a fast and user-friendly Python tool for genome-wide SPLICing Efficiency quantification. It supports studies focusing on the implications of splicing efficiency in transcript processing dynamics. SPLICE-q uses aligned reads from strand-specific RNA-seq to quantify splicing efficiency for each intron individually and allows the user to select different levels of restrictiveness concerning the introns’ overlap with other genomic elements such as exons of other genes. We applied SPLICE-q to globally assess the dynamics of intron excision in yeast and human nascent RNA-seq. We also show its application using total RNA-seq from a patient-matched prostate cancer sample.

Conclusions
Our analyses illustrate that SPLICE-q is suitable to detect a progressive increase of splicing efficiency throughout a time course of nascent RNA-seq and it might be useful when it comes to understanding cancer progression beyond mere gene expression levels. SPLICE-q is available at: https://github.com/vrmelo/SPLICE-q