bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeted Muscle Reinnervation in Children: A Case Report and Brief Overview of the Literature
Authors: Pires Giovanna R. , Moss Whitney D. , Ormiston Laurel D. , Baschuk Christopher M. , Mendenhall Shaun D. 
Published: December 2021

Summary:
Absence of the proximal upper limb, whether congenital or acquired, has a profound impact on quality of life. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) was originally developed to improve functional control over myoelectric prostheses; however, it has also been shown to decrease phantom limb pain and neuroma pain as well as prevent neuroma formation. In children, whose rates of prosthetic use are considerably lower than adults, the effects of amputation on limb function can be devastating. To date, there is very little literature regarding the use of TMR in children. In this case report, we review the current literature and present the case of a 9-year-old boy with a transhumeral amputation secondary to a traumatic injury who underwent acute TMR at the time of wound closure. At 22 months follow-up, the patient is doing well with minimal pain, no evidence of neuroma formation, and signs of muscle reinnervation.
Perioperative Cardiac Troponin T and Risk of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Farahani Ali Vasheghani , Omran Abbas Salehi , Abbasi Kyomars , Gholamrezaei Ali , Mansouri Pejman , Tafti Seyed Hossein Ahmadi , Jahangiri Mansour 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication after cardiac surgery. We investigated whether perioperative cardiac troponin T (cTnT) is associated with the risk of AF after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods:
Two thousand four hundred twenty-one patients with isolated CABG were studied. High sensitivity cTnT (hs-cTnT) was assessed before and then at 80 hour and 24 hour after the operation. Logistic regression models were applied to investigate the association of perioperative hs-cTnT with postoperative AF. The ROC curve analysis was applied to determine the optimal cutoff values.

Results:
Postoperative AF was occurred in 356 (14.7%) patients. Age (adjusted odds ratio [ORs] 1.087–1.090), male gender (OR 1.390), left atrium size (ORs 1.055–1.111), on-pump coronary bypass (OR 1.561), and application of intra-aortic balloon pump (ORs 2.890–2.966) were independently associated with AF. Preoperative hs-cTnT was associated with AF in patients with off-pump coronary bypass (ORs 1.997–2.375). However, the area under the curve for preoperative hs-cTnT was 0.625 in this group. On-pump coronary bypass had major influence on postoperative hs-cTnT levels regardless of the occurrence of AF.

Conclusions:
Preoperative hs-cTnT level is associated with the risk of AF after isolated CABG in patients undergoing off-pump coronary bypass, but the accuracy of this biomarker is yet inadequate. Postoperative levels of hs-cTnT have no predictive value considering large influence by the surgical technique and the cardiac surgery itself. Therefore, perioperative hs-cTnT is not a clinically useful biomarker for predicting AF following CABG.
CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION FOLLOWING BNT162B2 (PFIZER-BIONTECH) COVID-19 MESSENGER RNA VACCINE
Authors: Shah Paras P. , Gelnick Samuel , Jonisch Jonathan , Verma Rashmi 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
Coronavirus disease 2019 has had a wide-ranging public health impact, contributing to at least five million deaths globally at the time of this report. Although thromboembolic events following coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination have been an ongoing concern, only a limited number of ophthalmic manifestations have been reported to date.

Methods:
A detailed history, hypercoagulable workup, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Humphrey visual field, dilated fundus examination, and multimodal imaging including optical coherence tomography, fundus fluorescein angiography, and fundus photography were obtained.

Results:
A 27-year-old woman was diagnosed with central retinal vein occlusion a few days after her first dose of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine. Detailed elicitation of her history and a full hypercoagulable workup did not reveal any primary risk factors that could have explained her disease process. After the patient received the second dose, her symptoms deteriorated significantly and worsening peripapillary hemorrhage were seen on dilated fundus examination. The patient was treated with intravitreal injections of ranibizumab and followed closely, which showed improvement in her central retinal vein occlusion.

Conclusion:
Given the chronology of the patient's condition, it is believed that the central retinal vein occlusion that occurred as a result of the first dose was exacerbated by an intense immunological reaction after the second dose. The severity of this complication, despite its rarity, must be emphasized and weighed in but should not preclude the extensive benefits of vaccination.
Efficacy and safety of clopidogrel and/or aspirin for ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack
Authors: Yang Youwen , Huang Zongtao , Zhang Xueji 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Objective:
Patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack are commonly treated with clopidogrel and/or aspirin (mono- and dual-antiplatelet therapy) to minimize the risk for recurrent stroke. Updated data from systematic studies can be used to guide practice. The present study aimed to compare findings from systematic reviews and meta-analyses addressing the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel or aspirin – alone or in combination – in patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack.

Methods:
The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, EBSCO, and CINAHL databases were searched for relevant studies published from inception to 2020. Data from each study were extracted independently using a predefined data abstraction form. The Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews tool and A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 were used to evaluate risk of bias and the quality of the included studies.

Results:
Seven studies, published between 2010 and 2020, were eligible for analysis. The included studies evaluated a wide range of outcomes, including recurrent stroke, myocardial infarction, recurrent ischemic stroke, vascular mortality and vascular events, bleeding events, all-cause mortality, functional disability, and quality of life. The risk of bias and methodological validity of the included studies ranged from low to high according to ROBIS and AMSTAR 2 parameters. Results revealed that clopidogrel plus aspirin was more effective than aspirin alone in reducing the risk for recurrent stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic), with high-quality evidence. However, compared with aspirin, dual treatment increased major bleeding events (intracranial bleeding and extracranial bleeding), supported by high-quality evidence.

Conclusions:
High-quality evidence suggested that clopidogrel plus aspirin was more efficient than monotherapy, although the risk for hemorrhagic stroke was relatively higher in combined therapy regimens lasting >1 month.
Efficacy and safety evaluation of acupuncture in the treatment of impaired glucose regulation
Authors: Sun Jiabao , Wang Gaofeng , Zhi Xiaoyu , Zhao Xuewei , Sun Weichen , Chu Yunjie , Wu Xingquan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Impaired of glucose regulation belongs to the stage of prediabetes, which is a state of glucose metabolism between diabetes and normal blood glucose. The prevalence of prediabetes in people over 20 years old in China is significantly higher than that in diabetic patients. If no measures are taken to prevent the transition from prediabetes to diabetes, the number of diabetic patients in China will further increase. This study conducted a meta-analysis of the effectiveness of acupuncture in the treatment of impaired glucose regulation by collecting relevant literatures.

Methods:
Nine electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese Scientific and Journal Database, Wan Fang database, and 2 clinical trials register platforms: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ClinicalTrials.gov (www.ClinicalTrials.gov/) will be searched for randomized clinical trails of acupuncture for impaired glucose regulation. The screening process will be developed by 2 independent reviewers, and meta-analysis will be performed with RevMan (V5.3.5) software.

Results:
This meta-analysis further confirmed the benefits of acupuncture in the treatment of impaired of glucose regulation.

Conclusion:
This study will provide a high-quality evidence of the efficacy and safety of acupuncture on patients with impaired glucose regulation.

PROSPERO registration number:
INPLASY202170058.

Ethics and dissemination:
This systematics review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupuncture in the treatment of impaired of glucose regulation. Since all the data included were published, the systematic review did not require ethical approval.
Distribution of hepatitis B virus genotypes and subgenotypes
Authors: Liu Zhongping , Zhang Yafei , Xu Mengyuan , Li Xu , Zhang Zhenhua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and subgenotypes have distinct geographical distributions and influence a number of clinical disease features and responses to treatment. There are many reports on the distribution of HBV genotypes, but great differences are present between studies. What's more, a meta-analysis of HBV genotype- and subgenotype-distribution by country is lacking.
A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed and a systematic search of full-length HBV sequences and S gene sequences was conducted in the GenBank database. HBV genotypes were checked and subgenotypes were determined by phylogenetic comparison of full-length HBV sequences or S gene sequences. STATA 12.0 was used for the analysis for countries with multiple datasets. BEAST 2.5.2 was used for Bayesian phylogenetic analysis to infer the evolutionary time scales of HBV.
This study includes 309 datasets from 110 countries, including 188 relevant studies, 58 full-length gene datasets, and 63 S gene datasets. The meta-analysis was performed on 274 datasets from 75 countries. The distribution of genotypes is more detailed than those described by previous studies. While the overall genotype distribution is similar to that reported in previous studies, some notable aspects were different. The main genotypes present in south-eastern Africa, North Africa, and West Africa are genotypes A, D, and E, respectively. Genotypes G and H are mainly distributed in Mexico. Genotype F is mainly distributed in central and South America, but genotypes A and D are also common in Brazil, Cuba, and Haiti.
This study provides a more accurate description of the distribution of HBV genotypes and subgenotypes in different countries and suggests that the differences in genotype distribution may be related to ethnicity and human migration.
Efficacy and safety of cutting therapy in the treatment of migraine
Authors: Guo Wenping , Jin Hongguang , Wang Yiqiang , Zhu Xing , Zhang Guanwei , Wang Te , Fan Chunhui , Huang Yongsheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Migraine is a chronic paroxysmal neurovascular disease in which pain on one or both sides of the head is the main manifestation and is accompanied by other neurological manifestations. Clinical practice has shown that cutting therapy as a complementary alternative medicine can play a role in relieving migraine attacks. However, there is no consensus on the efficacy of cutting treatment in the treatment of migraine. The aim of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of cutting therapy in the treatment of migraine.

Methods:
First, databases were searched for relevant literature. The main databases we searched were PubMed, the Web of Science, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chinese Science Journal Database, Wanfang Data, and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. The keywords searched were “cutting treatment,” “ traditional Chinese medicine cutting treatment,” and “migraine.” The search was conducted from inception to November 2021. Second, 2 reviewers independently completed the process of study selection, data extraction, risk of bias assessment and data synthesis in strict accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Protocols statement guidelines. Finally, we will use Review Manager Version 5.3 software for meta-analysis.

Results:
This study will provide the most recent evidence related to the treatment of migraine by cutting therapy.

Conclusion:
The results of this systematic evaluation will provide an objective evidence-based framework for judging the effectiveness and safety of cutting therapy in the treatment of migraine.
Clinical efficacy and safety of Qingshu Yiqi decoction as a complementary and alternative therapy for COVID-19 with Delta variant
Authors: Xia Yu , Qi Weiyu , Li Xin , Yang Yuying , Cao Jianzhong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Background:
Qingshu Yiqi decoction combined with general western medicine are important and prevalent recently treatment method of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with Delta variant, but the efficacy and safety were not clear. This meta-analysis aims to clarify their clinical efficacy and safety thus to provide evidence for clinical application.

Methods:
We searched Chinese databases CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and English databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase for the current study. The retrieval time was from the establishment to November, 2021. Literature quality was evaluated according to the bias risk assessment criteria of Cochrane Collaboration network. RevMan 5.3 and Stata 12.0 were used to perform this research.

Results:
The efficacy and safety of Qingshu Yiqi decoction combined with western medicine for COVID-19 with Delta variant were evaluated in terms of total effective rate, TCM syndrome score, negative conversation rate of viral nucleic acid, disappearance rate of clinical symptoms (such as fever, cough, and fatigue), CT improvement, white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte (LYM) and adverse reaction rate.

Conclusion:
This study provides reliable evidence-based support for the clinical efficacy and safety of Qingshu Yiqi decoction as a complementary and alternative therapy for COVID-19 with Delta variant.

PROSPERO registration number:
CRD42021271606.
ANKRD1 and SPP1 as diagnostic markers and correlated with immune infiltration in biliary atresia
Authors: Kong Meng , Ma Teng , Xiang Bo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) remains a clinical challenge, reliable biomarkers that can easily distinguish BA and other forms of intrahepatic cholestasis (IC) are urgently needed.
Differentially expressed genes were identified by R software. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and support vector machine algorithms were used to filter the diagnostic biomarkers of BA. The candidate biomarkers were further validated in another independent cohort of patients with BA and IC. Then CIBERSORT was used for estimating the fractions of immune cell types in BA. Gene set enrichment analyses were conducted and the correlation between diagnostic genes and immune cells was analyzed.
A total of 419 differentially expressed genes in BA were detected and 2 genes (secreted phosphoprotein 1 [SPP1] and ankyrin repeat domain [ANKRD1]) among them were selected as diagnostic biomarkers. The SPP1 yielded an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.798 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.742–0.854) to distinguish patients with BA from those with IC, and ANKRD1 exhibited AUC values of 0.686 (95% CI: 0.616–0.754) in discriminating BA patients and those with IC. Further integrating them into one variable resulted in a higher AUC of 0.830 (95% CI: 0.777–0.879). The regulatory T cells, M2 macrophages cells, CD4 memory T cells, and dendritic cells may be involved in the BA process. The ANKRD1 and SPP1 was negatively correlated with regulatory T cells.
In conclusion, the ANKRD1 and SPP1 could potentially provide extra guidance in discriminating BA and IC. The immune cell infiltration of BA gives us new insight to explore its pathogenesis.
Role of surfactant protein C in neonatal genetic disorders of the surfactant system
Authors: Tan Ya-Xin , Li Shu-Jun , Li Hai-Tao , Yin Xiao-Juan , Cheng Bo , Guo Jing-Li , Li Na , Zheng Cheng-Zhong , Chang Hong-Yu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) refers to the symptoms of progressive dyspnea and respiratory failure in newborns shortly after birth. The clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with neonatal RDS have not been extensively reported.

Patient concerns:
A infant was in critical condition with repeated paroxysmal blood oxygen decline. Oxygen inhalation and noninvasive ventilator-assisted breathing relief were not effective. The etiology was unclear, and there was no family history of lung disease. Surface-active substance replacement therapy and positive pressure-assisted ventilation support were ineffective.

Diagnosis:
The infant was clinically diagnosed with RDS. Genetic tests revealed a heterozygous missense mutation in the c.168 surfactant protein C (SFTPC) gene.

Interventions:
Tracheal intubation was performed with invasive ventilator-assisted breathing, pulmonary surfactant was administered. Supportive treatment for liver protection and administration of a cardiotonic diuretic, vasodilator, human immunoglobulin (intravenous infusion), fresh frozen plasma, and suspended red blood cells were performed.

Outcomes:
The infant showed poor responses to respiratory and circulatory support, antibiotic treatment, and other treatment methods. The patient was discharged from hospital against the advice of us, cut off from us. The long-term prognosis of the patient after discharge remains unknown.

Lessons:
SFTPC gene mutations may be an important risk factor for the development of common lung diseases. Because of the important roles of surfactant functions and metabolism, mutations in these genes can affect the production and function of pulmonary surfactant, leading to severe lung disease in term newborns.
Recurrent thoracic duct cyst of the left supraclavicular fossa
Authors: Planchette Julie , Jaccard Clara , Nigron Audrey , Chadeyras Jean-Baptiste , Le Guenno Guillaume , Castagne Benjamin , Jamilloux Yvan , Resseguier Anne-Sophie , Sève Pascal 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The transient occlusion of the terminal thoracic duct is a rare disease responsible for renitent supraclavicular cysts. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, evolution, and treatment.
A retrospective multicenter study and literature review was carried out. The literature search (PubMed) was conducted including data up to 31 December 2020 and PRISMA guidelines were respected.
This study identified 6 observational cases between September 2010 and December 2020. The search results indicated a total of 24 articles of which 19 were excluded due to the lack of recurrent swelling or the unavailability of full texts (n = 5). Fourteen patients (8 from literature) mostly reported a noninflammatory, painless renitent mass in the supraclavicular fossa which appeared rapidly over a few hours and disappeared spontaneously over an average of 8 days (range: from about 2 hours to 10 days). Anamnesis indicated a high-fat intake during the preceding days in all cases and 7 from literature found in the Medline databases. Recurrences were noted in 10 patients. Thoracic duct imaging was performed in all cases to detect abnormalities or extrinsic compression as well as to eliminate differential diagnoses.
A painless, fluctuating, noninflammatory, and recurrent swelling of the left supraclavicular fossa in patients evoking an intermittent obstruction of the terminal portion of the thoracic duct was identified. A low-fat diet was found as safe and effective treatment.
Influence of aging on the color visual field in humans
Authors: Yada Takeshi , Tokumaru Osamu , Eshima Nobuoki , Kitano Takaaki , Yokoi Isao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Age-related narrowing of the visual field is observed in the elderly, which leads to reduced cognitive and psychomotor functions. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to determine the influence of aging on the visual field for color vision in humans, with respect to angular thresholds for object detection and color detection.
The subjects were divided into the elderly group (mean 76.1-year-old [70–89]) and the control group (25.2 [18–47]). Visual fields for different colors (blue, green, yellow, and red) were measured by manual kinetic perimetry and evaluated in terms of 2 measures of visual-field width: angular thresholds for object detection and those for color detection.
While angular thresholds for object detection were significantly wider than those for color detection in the control group (P < .001), there was no difference in the elderly group (P = .06). Moreover, angular thresholds for object detection were significantly wider in the control group than in the elderly group (P = .019), but angular thresholds for color detection were not significantly different between the 2 groups (P = .903).
The observed age-related changes in angular thresholds for object detection in color vision may reflect an age-related reduction in rod function. Stable cone function might explain the preserved angular thresholds for color detection in the elderly.