bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpretation of Baladeva and Yamunā at Harivaṃśa 83
Authors: Brodbeck Simon 
Published: January 2021

AbstractInHarivaṃśachapter 83, Kṛṣṇa’s brother Baladeva changes the course of the river Yamunā, using his plough. This article reviews previous interpretations of Baladeva’s deed by André Couture and Lavanya Vemsani and develops in detail an interpretation briefly proposed by A. Whitney Sanford, whereby the deed is viewed, among many superimposed views, as at some level a sexual assault. This angle is explored in the article in various ways, with close reference to the Sanskrit text. The article includes discussion of the dialogue between Baladeva and the personified Yamunā, Baladeva’s connection to plough agriculture, the dynamic between Baladeva and Kṛṣṇa, and Vaiśaṃpāyana’s commentary on the events.
Berufliche Belastungen, psychische Beanspruchung und Gesundheitskompetenz bei Pflegekräften in der ambulanten Altenpflege: Eine quantitative Online-Befragung in ausgewählten bayerischen Großstädten
Authors: Janson Patrick , Rathmann Katharina 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In ihrer täglichen Arbeit sind Altenpflegekräfte einer Vielzahl von Belastungsfaktoren ausgesetzt. Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) kann hierbei als protektiver Faktor aufgefasst werden.

Ziel der Arbeit
Ziele der Befragung sind berufliche Belastungen, psychische Beanspruchung und GK von ambulanten Pflegekräften zu erfassen. Darüber hinaus werden die Zusammenhänge zwischen beruflichen Belastungen und häufigen Gedanken an einen Berufswechsel sowie zwischen der GK und häufigen Gedanken an einen Berufswechsel analysiert.

Material und Methode
Berufliche Belastungen und psychische Beanspruchung wurden mit dem Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) und die GK mit der Kurzform des European Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q16) im Rahmen einer Online-Befragung in sieben bayerischen Großstädten erfasst. Neben uni- und bivariaten Auswertungen wurden auch multivariate statistische Analysen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse
Von den 261 befragten Pflegekräften werden innerhalb der beruflichen Belastungen v. a. Work-Privacy-Konflikte (87,4 %) genannt, bei den psychischen Beanspruchungen sind es mit 58,5 % häufige Gedanken an einen Berufswechsel. Ein Großteil der Befragten (51,0 %) berichtet über Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit gesundheitsbezogenen Informationen. Befragte, die über hohe physische Anforderungen (Odds Ratio [OR]: 6,89; p < 0,001; 95 %-Konfidenzintervall [KI]: 2,75–17,23) und Work-Privacy-Konflikte (OR: 4,45; p < 0,01; 95 %-KI: 1,61–12,26) berichten, sowie Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit gesundheitsbezogenen Informationen (OR: 13,48; p < 0,001; 95 %-KI: 6,55–27,76) besitzen, weisen ein erhöhtes Risiko auf häufige Gedanken an einen Berufswechsel zu verspüren.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Reduktion von beruflichen Belastungen und die Förderung der GK kann eine wirksame Maßnahme darstellen, um Gedanken an einen Berufswechsel zu reduzieren.
Agiles Sprintlernen wirkt – aber warum? Theoriegeleitete Analyse der Wirkprinzipien eines Gestaltungsansatzes für arbeitsbezogene Kompetenzentwicklung
Authors: Jungclaus Joana , Schaper Niclas 
Published: January 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) stellt eine theoriegeleitete Analyse der Wirkprinzipien des Agilen Sprintlernens vor. Agiles Sprintlernen ist ein neuartiger Gestaltungsansatz für arbeitsbezogene Kompetenzentwicklung. Die bisherige Forschung zeigt positive Ergebnisse hinsichtlich des erfolgreichen Kompetenzerwerbs, der Zufriedenheit mit dem Lernerfolg sowie der Bewertung und Akzeptanz der Lernform. Bislang wurde jedoch nicht durchgängig untersucht, wie und warum das agile Sprintlernen wirksam ist. Dem methodischen Ansatz der Programmevaluation folgend, wird analysiert, welche lerntheoretischen Konstrukte den Gestaltungsansatz im Besonderen kennzeichnen und inwieweit diese die Wirkweise des agilen Sprintlernens erklären können.Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das agile Sprintlernen durch neun zentrale Gestaltungs- und Wirkungselemente gekennzeichnet ist: Zielorientierung und Zielverfolgung, Transparenz und Klarheit, Planung des Lernens, Eigenaktivität und Eigenverantwortung, Feedback, Selbstreflexion, Autonomie, Kompetenzerleben und soziale Eingebundenheit. Zur theoretischen Fundierung und Herleitung potenzieller Wirkmechanismen im agilen Sprintlernen werden mehrere lerntheoretische Bezugspunkte herangezogen – u. a. die Zielsetzungstheorie und die Theorie der sozialen Interdependenz. Die Ergebnisse werden abschließend diskutiert.
Shared Makeup Cosmetics as a Route of Demodex folliculorum Infections
Authors: Sędzikowska Aleksandra , Bartosik Katarzyna , Przydatek-Tyrajska Renata , Dybicz Monika 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the study was to examine Demodex survival in makeup cosmetics, i.e., powder cream, mascara, and lipstick, and to determine whether cosmetics shared with others can be a source of D. folliculorum infection.

Methods
Live D. folliculorum adults were placed in cosmetic samples and their motility was observed under a microscope. The mites were fully or partially immersed in the powder cream and lipstick, and only partially immersed in the mascara. Partial immersion means that only the opisthosoma was covered by the cosmetic, whereas the gnathosoma and podosoma had no contact with the cosmetic. Cessation of motility was regarded as a sign of death.

Results
In the control (mites placed on a microscope slide with no cosmetics), the survival time was 41.2 h. D. folliculorum that were immersed fully or partially in the lipstick substrate were viable for 38.5 h and 148 h, respectively. The survival time of the mites at full and partial immersion in the powder cream was 0.78 h and 2.16 h, respectively. The average survival time in the mascara was 21 h.

Conclusions
Makeup cosmetics used by different individuals at short intervals (from several hours to several days) can be a source of transmission of Demodex sp. mites.
Quality of life among female childhood cancer survivors with and without premature ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Ida Hjelmér , Alicia Gustafsson Kylberg , Anna Fridenborg , Irene Leijonhufvud , Anna Nyström , Helena Mörse , Maria Elfving , Emir Henic , Hannah Nenonen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Due to an increase in survival, a growing population of childhood cancer survivors (CCS) is present. However, female CCS are at risk of developing premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) after cancer treatment. POI involves a decreased chance of conceiving and the increased infertility state has a large impact on affected individuals’ health and mental life. The objective of this study was to investigate health state and well-being among female CCS with and without POI and healthy controls (HC).

Methods
Female CCS treated in southern Sweden between 1964 and 2008 were included. Each patient was matched with a HC. The final study population included 167 female CCS and 164 HC that were examined between October 2010 and January 2015 at the Reproductive Medicine Centre at Skåne University Hospital in Malmö, Sweden. All participants, except for two HCs, answered an EQ-5D-3L questionnaire for measuring health state including a visual analogue scale (VAS) for estimating well-being.

Results
There were 22 CCS with POI, none of the HC had POI. The mean health state differed among groups (unadjusted: P = 0.002; adjusted: P = 0.007). A difference in mean experienced well-being among groups was noted (unadjusted: P = 0.003; adjusted: P = 0.012). Lowest well-being was found in the CCS group with POI (P = 0.024).

Conclusions
Female CCS have a significantly decreased health state and well-being. Female CCS with POI additionally have the lowest self-estimated well-being.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
Female CCS with POI should be identified early in order to give them adequate information and support.
Influence of the Maximum Blur Radius on Depth Sensor Based on Liquid Crystal Lens
Authors: Zheng Liming , Chen Xiaoxi , Zhang Yalei , Ye Mao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis paper describes how the maximum blur radius affects the depth results by depth from the defocus (DFD) method based on liquid crystal (LC) lens. Boundary frequency is determined by the maximum blur radius. It is found that if the maximum blur radius used in the calculation is larger than the real value, the depth resolution obtained is reduced; on the other hand, if one smaller than the real value is used, the depth resolution in the middle range of the scene is increased, but errors occur in the near and far planes. Using the maximum blur radius close to the real one results in the best depth results.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Agnathia/Otocephaly: Associations and Outcomes-Large Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Sabu Brinda , Raja Vijayalakshmi , Srinivasan Lata , Suresh Indrani , Seshadri Suresh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAgnathia/Otocephaly is a rare lethal syndrome characterised by mandibular hypoplasia/aplasia, ventromedial malposition or fusion of ears, microstomia and microglossia/aglossia. We present 26 cases of prenatally diagnosed agnathia/otocephaly, the largest published series so far, with a broad review of available literature and updated concepts on the etiopathogenesis. This is a retrospective case series identified between May 2000 and April 2018 in a tertiary fetal medicine centre in South India where we evaluated the ultrasound features of agnathia/ otocephaly and assessed the associated anomalies and syndromes. Out of 26 cases identified, 42% were isolated and 58% were associated with other anomalies. The most common associations were skeletal (7) followed by central nervous system anomalies (4) and genitourinary anomalies (2). Syndromes identified were Nager acrofacial dysostoses, Treacher Collins, Al Awadi Raas Rothschild and Femoral Facies syndrome. A simple method of observing the mandibular dot in-line with the maxilla in the sagittal view and the absence of the same would help to raise the suspicion of agnathia/severe micrognathia. The difference between these two and syndromic associations may not be brought out in ultrasound. Postnatal clinical assessment or pathologic diagnosis is mandatory as it helps in the counselling process and in the guidance of subsequent pregnancies.
Identification of effective spreaders in contact networks using dynamical influence
Authors: Clark Ruaridh A. , Macdonald Malcolm 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContact networks provide insights on disease spread due to the duration of close proximity interactions. For systems governed by consensus dynamics, network structure is key to optimising the spread of information. For disease spread over contact networks, the structure would be expected to be similarly influential. However, metrics that are essentially agnostic to the network’s structure, such as weighted degree (strength) centrality and its variants, perform near-optimally in selecting effective spreaders. These degree-based metrics outperform eigenvector centrality, despite disease spread over a network being a random walk process. This paper improves eigenvector-based spreader selection by introducing the non-linear relationship between contact time and the probability of disease transmission into the assessment of network dynamics. This approximation of disease spread dynamics is achieved by altering the Laplacian matrix, which in turn highlights why nodes with a high degree are such influential disease spreaders. From this approach, a trichotomy emerges on the definition of an effective spreader where, for susceptible-infected simulations, eigenvector-based selections can either optimise the initial rate of infection, the average rate of infection, or produce the fastest time to full infection of the network. Simulated and real-world human contact networks are examined, with insights also drawn on the effective adaptation of ant colony contact networks to reduce pathogen spread and protect the queen ant.
Performance issues in wireless body area networks for the healthcare application: a survey and future prospects
Authors: Liu Qingling , Mkongwa Kefa G. , Zhang Chaozhu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study presents a survey of the current issues, application areas, findings, and performance challenges in wireless body area networks (WBAN). The survey discusses selected areas in WBAN signal processing, network reliability, spectrum management, security, and WBAN integration with other technologies for highly efficient future healthcare applications. The foundation of the study bases on the recent growing advances in microelectronic technology and commercialization, which ease device availability, miniaturization, and communication. The survey considers a systemic review conducted using reports, standard documents, and peer-reviewed articles. Based on the comprehensive review, we find WBANs faces several operational, standardization, and security issues, affecting performance and maintenance of user safety and privacy. We envision the increasing dependency of future healthcare on WBAN for medical and non-medical applications due to internet connectivity advances. In this view, despite the WBAN advantages in remote health monitoring, further studies need to be conducted for performance optimization. Therefore we finalize our study by proposing various current and future research directions and open issues in WBAN’s performance enhancement.
Active prevention of snow accumulation on cameras of autonomous vehicles
Authors: Mohammadian Behrouz , Sarayloo Mehdi , Heil Jamie , Hong Haiping , Patil Sunil , Robertson Michael , Tran Tommy , Krishnan Venkatesh , Sojoudi Hossein 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Accumulation of atmospheric icing, particularly wet snow, on the visual sensors/navigators of autonomous vehicles (AVs) increases the possibility of accidents by obstructing the lenses of the sensors. Here, two navigator designs were suggested that use airflow across the lens surfaces of the AVs to prevent snow accumulation on them. The impact of airflow intensity across the lens, wind velocity (relative velocity of wind with respect to vehicle), and liquid water content of snow on prevention of snow accumulation on the lenses of the AVs was explored experimentally. Here, artificial snow grains were formed using a novel snow gun and their average sizes at low liquid water content (LWC of ≈ 8%) and high liquid water content (LWC of ≈ 28%) were measured to study the impact of grain sizes on snow accumulation on camera lenses. The effects of wind velocity, snow density, and diameter of the snow grains on their trajectory in the testing section were also studied numerically. The results indicated that the snow grains with higher velocity, density, or diameter possessed higher inertia forces and were more prone to collide with the navigator, increasing collision efficiency of snow grains. We realized that the airflow across the lens effectively prevented snow accumulation on the lens at vehicle/wind velocities of up to 20 mph. The proposed designs actively reduced the snow accumulation on the camera lens, promising to be applied in future AVs.

Graphic abstract
Post-fire serviceability and residual strength of composite post-tensioned concrete T-beams
Authors: Izzet Amer F. , Oukaili Nazar , Harbi Nibras A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, the response of ten composite post-tensioned concrete beams topped by a reinforced concrete deck with adequate reinforcing shear connectors is investigated. Depending on the concrete compressive strength of the deck slab (20, 30, and 40 MPa), beams are grouped into three categories. Seven of these beams are exposed to a fire attack of 700 and 800 °C temperature simultaneously with or without the presence of a uniformly distributed sustained static loading. After cooling back to ambient temperature, these composite beams are loaded up to failure, using a force control module, by monotonic static loading in a four-point-bending setup with two symmetrical concentrated loads applied in the middle third of the effective span. The objectives of this study include investigating the behavior of the composite prestressed concrete beams under and after the exposure to a direct fire flame, as well as finding their residual load-carrying capacity. Tests demonstrate significant deteriorations caused by exposure to high temperatures associated with the increase of the member’s camber. The increase of the midspan camber after heating exposure reached approximately 200%. On the other hand, the 1-h steady-state exposure of test specimens to temperatures of 700 and 800 °C led to reduce the load-carrying capacity of the heat-deteriorated beams up to 45% and 54%, respectively.
Exposure levels of radiofrequency magnetic fields and static magnetic fields in 1.5 and 3.0 T MRI units
Authors: Rathebe P. , Weyers C. , Raphela F. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) staff is exposed to a complex mixture of electromagnetic fields from MRI units. Exposure to these fields results in the development of transient exposure-related symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the exposure levels of radiofrequency (RF) magnetic fields and static magnetic fields (SMFs) from 1.5 and 3.0 T MRI scanners in two public hospitals in the Mangaung Metropolitan region, South Africa. The exposure levels of SMFs and RF magnetic fields were measured using the THM1176 3-Axis hall magnetometer and TM-196 3 Axis RF field strength meter, respectively. Measurements were collected at a distance of 1 m (m) and 2 m from the gantry for SMFs when the brain, cervical spine and extremities were scanned. Measurements for RF magnetic fields were collected at a distance of 1 m with an average scan duration of six minutes. Friedman’s test was used to compared exposure mean values from two 1.5 T scanners, and Wilcoxon test with Bonferroni adjustment was used to identify where the difference between exist. The Shapiro–Wilk test was also used to test for normality between exposure levels in 1.5 and 3.0 T scanners. The measured peak values for SMFs from the 3.0 T scanner at hospital A were 1300 milliTesla (mT) and 726 mT from 1.5 T scanner in hospital B. The difference in terms of SMFs exposure levels was observed between two 1.5 T scanners at a distance of 2 m. The difference between 1.5 T scanners at 1 m was also observed during repeated measurements when brain, cervical spine and extremities scans were performed. Scanners’ configurations, magnet type, clinical setting and location were identified as factors that could influence different propagation of SMFs between scanners of the same nominal B0. The RF pulse design, sequence setting flip-angle and scans performed influenced the measured RF magnetic fields. Three scanners were complaint with occupational exposure guidelines stipulated by the ICNIRP; however, peak levels that exist at 1 m could be managed through adoption of occupational health and safety programs.
Assessment of prophylactic Antibiotic Prescription Pattern in elective surgery patients in accordance with national and international guidelines
Authors: Pak Haleh , Maghsoudi Leila Haji , Ahmadinejad Mojtaba , Kabir Kourosh , Soltanian Ali , Vasi Mohammad 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Prophylactic antibiotics are administered preoperatively to reduce the incidence of surgical site infection. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of administration of prophylactic antibiotic among elective surgery patients in accordance with national and international guidelines.

Method:
This retrospective descriptive was conducted on the patients who underwent elective surgery at (XXX) Educational and Medical Center. Patients’ file was used to obtain the following data: demographic information including patients' age and gender, prescribing prophylactic antibiotics, type, dose and time of administration with the indications mentioned in the guidelines for prevention of SSI of the World Health Organization (2017) and the instructions of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran compared. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical program.

Result:
The time, type, dose, duration and intervals of prophylactic antibiotic administration in the present study were 64.8%, 42.5%, 36%, 52.8% and 32%, respectively, according to national guidelines and were 58.8%, 40%, 31.5%, 45.5% and 28%, respectively, according to international guidelines. Administration of prophylactics in terms of time dose, duration and intervals in accordance with national and international guidelines were not associated with the type of surgery, p < 0.05.

Conclusions:
The results of the present study showed that the type, duration and intervals of prophylactic antibiotic administration varies in accordance national and international guidelines. Further studies are required to determine the effects of these parameters under national and international guideline on postoperative outcomes like surgical site infection.

Highlights
ARt Image Exploration Space (ARIES): A response to the image needs of art library patrons
Authors: Deutch Samantha 
Published: January 2021

AbstractARt Image Exploration Space (ARIES) is a free, cloud-based dynamic environment offering art historians and others an extensive array of practical tools for analysing images. It is the product of a successful collaboration between art historians, librarians, computer scientists, and engineers from the Frick Art Reference Library, New York University's Tandon School of Engineering, and Brazil's Universidade Federal Fluminense. ARIES is a powerful tool for art historians, both replicating and augmenting traditional methods they have long-used to study images.1 With the advent of the prevalent use of digital photos, art historians lacked the technology capable of replacing what they had previously been able to accomplish in the analogue world. Wood Ruby and Deutch realized that art historians needed an out-of-the-box solution that didn't require extensive knowledge of other disciplines (computer science and engineering). The result of successful collaborations and a generous donation, ARIES is now available in BETA form at www.artimageexplorationspace.com.
Human security as biosecurity
Authors: Albert Craig , Baez Amado , Rutland Joshua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractResearch within security studies has struggled to determine whether infectious disease (ID) represents an existential threat to national and international security. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), it is imperative to reexamine the relationship between ID and global security. This article addresses the specific threat to security from COVID-19, asking, “Is COVID-19 a threat to national and international security?” To investigate this question, this article uses two theoretical approaches: human security and biosecurity. It argues that COVID-19 is a threat to global security by the ontological crisis posed to individuals through human security theory and through high politics, as evidenced by biosecurity. By viewing security threats through the lens of the individual and the state, it becomes clear that ID should be considered an international security threat. This article examines the relevant literature and applies the theoretical framework to a case study analysis focused on the United States.