bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender Differences in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients with Advanced Hip Involvement: Results from A Matched Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Liang‐liang , Fu Jun , Xu Chi , Ni Ming , Chai Wei , Hao Li‐bo , Zhou Yong‐gang , Chen Ji‐ying 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the gender differences in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients with advanced hip involvement.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the 373 consecutive AS patients with advanced hip involvement from 2012 to 2017 and divided them into two groups by sex with 340 men and 33 women. Research data on hip involvement in the patients were obtained from medical records and radiographs. The severity of radiographic hip involvement was evaluated by the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Hip Index (BASRI‐hip) scoring system. The data on clinical characteristics, radiographic hip involvement, and laboratory values were compared between the two groups. The comparison was performed again between the two groups after adjusting for the onset age and disease duration by propensity score matching (PSM).ResultsMen underwent total hip arthroplasty earlier than women in the patients, with a median age of 31 years (range, 19–67 years) vs 36 years (range, 23–67 years), respectively (P < 0.05). Hip involvement was found to be younger in men than that in women, with a median age of 18 years (range, 7–56 years) vs 23 years (range, 5–55 years) (P < 0.05), and men with bilateral onset in hips had a higher frequency than women with that (66.2% vs 39.4%) (P < 0.05). There was no gender difference in the proportion of bilateral advanced hip involvement (85.3% vs 72.7%) (P > 0.05). The proportion of the patients who had spinal involvement (89.1% vs 69.7%), flexion contracture in the hip (43.8% vs 24.2%), hip range of motion =0° (53.5% vs 30.3%), and an elevated level of C‐reactive protein (CRP) (69.1% vs 51.5%) was significantly higher in men than that in women (P < 0.05). After adjusting for the onset age and disease duration by PSM (1:1), men with bilateral onset in hips still had a higher frequency than women with that (76.7% vs 40.0%), and the proportion of the patients who had spinal involvement (90.0% vs 66.7%) and an elevated level of CRP (80.0% vs 53.3%) was significantly higher in men than that in women (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe disease pattern of hip involvement in AS has gender differences, with bilateral onset being the dominant pattern in men and unilateral onset being more common in women. However, the frequency of bilateral advanced hip involvement has no gender difference eventually. The higher prevalence of spinal involvement in men with AS may be responsible for the more severe functional impairment compared with women.
Diffusion of Complex Governance Arrangements: State Approaches to Addressing Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Fay Daniel L. , Polischuk Luciana 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn the 1970s, many viewed domestic violence as a private concern. Since then, every state has adopted a domestic violence coalition to address intimate partner violence (IPV) through government intervention. States vary, however, in the structure of the coalitions, participation in federal programs, and the comprehensiveness of IPV services offered. Using the theoretical lenses of policy diffusion and policy drift, this study assesses the development of IPV coalitions from 1976 to 2018, paying particular attention to institutional structures, intergovernmental resources, and strategic service priorities. We find evidence of policy drift and multidirectional policy diffusion in state IPV institutional structures, service delivery, federal program participation, and strategic priorities of these activities. Federal grant programs increase the likelihood of program emulation among states and may encourage innovation within existing institutional and policy structures for the development of comprehensive services and a preventive approach to IPV that best serve vulnerable groups.
Fear, changes in routine and dental care for children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder in the COVID‐19 pandemic: A survey with Brazilian parents
Authors: Azevedo Machado Bárbara , Silva Moro Juliana , Massignam Carla , Cardoso Mariane , Bolan Michele 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to report the perception of parents of children/adolescents with autism regarding the parents’ fear of the pandemic by COVID‐19. Also, to report children's fear about the use of individual protective equipment (IPE) in dental appointments, and the impact on the daily routine during the pandemic.Methods and ResultsA cross‐sectional study through an open online survey was addressed to parents of children/adolescents autistic, aged between 3 and 18 years. The questionnaire had questions regarding the parents’ fear of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the parents’ perception about the children/adolescents’ fear of the use of IPEs at dental care, and the impact of the daily routine during the pandemic and social impact after the pandemic. Parents' reports on the degree of ASD (mild, moderate, and severe) of the child/adolescent. A total of 1001 responses were obtained. 50.35% of parents had high fear of the pandemic by COVID‐19, 59.34% believe that children/teenagers will be afraid of the dentist's IPE and 61.64% responded that the COVID‐19 pandemic had a high impact on the daily routine of children/adolescents with ASD.ConclusionsMost parents reported fear of the pandemic by COVID‐19, that children/adolescents with autism may be afraid of IPE and had a high impact on their daily routine during the pandemic.
Multi‐year field evaluation of nicotianamine biofortified bread wheat
Authors: Beasley Jesse T. , Bonneau Julien P. , Moreno‐Moyano Laura T. , Callahan Damien L. , Howell Kate S. , Tako Elad , Taylor Julian , Glahn Raymond P. , Appels Rudi , Johnson Alexander A. T. 
Published: December 2021

SUMMARYConventional breeding efforts for iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) biofortification of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been hindered by a lack of genetic variation for these traits and a negative correlation between grain Fe and Zn concentrations and yield. We have employed genetic engineering to constitutively express (CE) the rice (Oryza sativa) nicotianamine synthase 2 (OsNAS2) gene and upregulate biosynthesis of two metal chelators – nicotianamine (NA) and 2′‐deoxymugineic acid (DMA) – in bread wheat, resulting in increased Fe and Zn concentrations in wholemeal and white flour. Here we describe multi‐location confined field trial (CFT) evaluation of a low‐copy transgenic CE‐OsNAS2 wheat event (CE‐1) over 3 years and demonstrate higher concentrations of NA, DMA, Fe, and Zn in CE‐1 wholemeal flour, white flour, and white bread and higher Fe bioavailability in CE‐1 white flour relative to a null segregant (NS) control. Multi‐environment models of agronomic and grain nutrition traits revealed a negative correlation between grain yield and grain Fe, Zn, and total protein concentrations, yet no correlation between grain yield and grain NA and DMA concentrations. White flour Fe bioavailability was positively correlated with white flour NA concentration, suggesting that NA‐chelated Fe should be targeted in wheat Fe biofortification efforts.
Use of subdermal hyaluronic acid injections and a free labial mucocutaneous graft for the repair of feline eyelid agenesis
Authors: Caruso Kelly A , Reynolds Benjamin D , Whittaker Cameron J , Smith Jeffrey S , Irving William M , McCarthy Paul G , Hamzianpour Negar , Boo Gladys 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a technique to repair feline eyelid agenesis using a hyaluronic acid (HA) subdermal filler injection to allow for acute soft tissue expansion, followed by a free labial mucocutaneous graft.Materials and methodsThirty‐nine colobomatous eyelids in 24 feline patients with secondary keratitis were recruited to the study group.ResultsKeratitis and trichiasis were markedly resolved in 27/39 (69.2%) eyelids after a single procedure. Post‐operative HA subdermal filler injections were required to resolve 5/39 (12.8%) eyelids that had mild post‐operative trichiasis, and 1/39 (2.5%) eyelids that had post‐operative lateral canthal collapse. Complications occurred in 6/39 (15.4%) cases, consisting of distal graft necrosis (n = 2 eyes), suture rubbing the cornea (n = 2 eyes), moderate trichiasis (n = 1 eye) and graft adherence to the episclera (n = 1 eye).ConclusionThe technique was successful in enhancing corneal protection, cosmesis and eyelid function and should be considered as a surgical option for any degree of eyelid agenesis in feline patients.
COVID‐19 convalescent plasma: Evolving strategies for serological screening in France
Authors: Gallian Pierre , Le Cam Sophie , Brisbarre Nadège , Pastorino Boris , Amroun Abdennour , Malard Lucile , de Lamballerie Xavier , Bliem Cathy , Richard Pascale , Morel Pascal , Tiberghien Pierre 
Published: December 2021

AbstractQuantitation of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) is a key parameter in determining the effective dose for treatment with COVID‐19 convalescent plasma (CCP). Interpretation of results from clinical trials conducted worldwide requires comparison of Nabs titres obtained from different methods. As virus neutralization tests (VNTs) are not standardized scalable or commercially available, strategies based on intensity of ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) or chemiluminescent binding serological tests were implemented to allow comparisons and establish criteria for determining ‘high‐titres’ of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies (Abs). To this end, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has proposed criteria to define high‐titre plasmas using different serological assays, including the one used in France for the CCP SARS‐CoV‐2 Abs screening (Euroimmun anti‐S1 IgG). A retrospective study revealed that when using the FDA criteria (ELISA signal‐to‐cut‐off [S/C ratio] ≥3.5), 91% of CCP had Nabs titres ≥40 as assessed with an in‐house VNT. French strategy to ensure sufficient stocks of CCP of increasing titre has evolved over time. Recently, we improved our strategy by collecting only plasma from vaccinated convalescent donors as we confirmed that the mean IgG antibody level (ELISA S/C ratio) was significantly higher in plasma from vaccinated convalescent donors compared to donations from unvaccinated convalescent donors: 9.31 (CI 95%: 8.46–10.16) versus 3.22 (CI 95%: 3.05–3.39) (p < 0.001).
Refraction of Flexural Waves by Ultra-Broadband Achromatic Meta-Slab With Wavelength-Dependent Phase Shifts
Authors: Liu Feng , Yang Zhichun , Shi Pengtao , Shen Yizhou , Cao Liyun , Xu Yanlong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Great progress has been made in modulating flexural waves by elastic metasurfaces. Most of the proposed elastic metasurfaces suffer from chromatic aberration, limited in a narrow bandwidth around the designed frequency. In this paper, overcoming the chromatic aberration, an ultra-broadband achromatic meta-slab (UAM) with subunits of gradient thickness is proposed to realize the refraction angle unchanged with the incident frequency. Based on the phase compensation principle, wavelength-dependent phase shifts for the UAM that realize achromaticity are obtained. In order to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical design, the transmitted wavefields are solved according to the phased array theory, and the results correspond with those obtained by the finite element (FE) simulations and experiments, which show that the refraction angle is unchanged for incident frequencies from 2 kHz to 8 kHz. Besides, the UAM is extended into a periodic meta-slab, and multifrequency achromaticity is realized. Our designed meta-slabs overcome the chromatic aberration by simple configurations, which have significance in the applications of vibration control, vibrational energy harvesting, and health monitoring.
HyBoDT: Hybrid Bounded Distance Transforms of Trimmed NURBS Models
Authors: Balu Aditya , Ghadai Sambit , Rauf Bingol Onur , Krishnamurthy Adarsh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Distance field representation of objects in 3D space has several applications such as shape manipulation, graphics rendering, path planning, etc. Distance transforms (DTs) are discrete representations of distance fields in a regular voxel grid. The two main limitations of using distance transforms are that they are compute-intensive, and there are errors introduced while representing the object using DTs. In this work, we develop a hybrid graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated marching wavefront method for computing DTs of models composed of trimmed non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) surfaces with theoretical bounds. Our hybrid marching approach eliminates the error due to calculating approximate distances by marching. We also calculate the bounds on the error introduced due to the tessellation of the trimmed NURBS surfaces and calculate the propagation of these bounds in computing the DT. Finally, we present computation times for both 2D and 3D GPU DTs of test objects. We show that our GPU-accelerated approach is significantly faster than existing CPU-based methods.
Penetration of Energized Metal Fragments to Porcine Thoracic Tissues
Authors: Nguyen Thuy-Tien N. , Breeze John , Masouros Spyros D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEnergized fragments from explosive devices have been the most common mechanism of injury to both military personnel and civilians in recent conflicts and terrorist attacks. Fragments that penetrate into the thoracic cavity are strongly associated with death due to the inherent vulnerability of the underlying structures. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of fragment-simulating projectiles (FSPs) to tissues of the thorax in order to identify the thresholds of impact velocity for perforation through these tissues and the resultant residual velocity of the FSPs. A gas-gun system was used to launch 0.78-g cylindrical and 1.13-g spherical FSPs at intact porcine thoracic tissues from different impact locations. The sternum and rib bones were the most resistant to perforation, followed by the scapula and intercostal muscle. For both FSPs, residual velocity following perforation was linearly proportional to impact velocity. These findings can be used in the development of numerical tools for predicting the medical outcome of explosive events, which in turn can inform the design of public infrastructure, of personal protection, and of medical emergency response.
Development of Glycerin/Chitosan-Based Fluids for Stationary and Mobile Hydraulic Drives
Authors: Otten Malte , Bulutcu Deniz , Frerichs Ludger 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A hydraulic fluid based on water, glycerol and the thickener chitosan was developed in preliminary tests at Technische Universität Braunschweig. In terms of fluid properties, the fluid is comparable to those of conventional fluids. Due to the promising properties of the fluid, further development of the fluid is now being worked on. The focus is on further development for practical use in mobile hydraulic systems, e.g. in agricultural and forestry machinery. The aim here is to optimize various fluid variants for different applications and to define the possible range of uses in general. This paper presents interim results from the development of the fluids and the investigations of the fluids in a wide range of laboratory tests and endurance tests in a hydraulic test bench.
Leveraging Flow Regeneration in Individual Energy-Efficient Hydraulic Drives
Authors: Padovani Damiano 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The current demand for energy efficiency in hydraulics directs towards the replacement of centralized, valve-controlled actuators with individual, throttleless drives. The resulting solutions often require an undesirable sizing of the key components to expand the system’s operating region. Using flow regeneration (i.e., shortcutting the actuator’s chambers) mitigates this issue. Such an option, already stated for individual drives, lacks an in-depth analysis from the control perspective since the dynamic properties are changed (e.g., the natural frequency is decreased to about 60% of the original value). Therefore, this research paper studies a representative single-pump architecture arranged in a closed-circuit configuration. Linear control techniques are used to understand the system dynamics and design a PI-control algorithm that also adds active damping. The outcomes are validated via high-fidelity simulations referring to a single-boom crane as the study case. The results encompassing diverse scenarios indicate that flow regeneration is only interesting in those applications where the dynamic response is not demanding. In fact, the lower natural frequency reduces the system’s bandwidth to about 69% of the original value and affects the closed-loop position tracking drastically. This poor performance becomes evident when medium-to-high actuation velocity is commanded with respect to the maximum value.
Prediction of Flow Path Pressure Drops in Curved Galleries for Additively Manufactured Hydraulic Manifolds
Authors: Peiris L. D. Hashan , Plummer Andrew , Roesner Jens , Dhokia Vimal , Essink Wesley 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hydraulic manifolds are traditionally manufactured using externally drilled intersecting galleries. This results in undesirable artefacts in the flow path such as sharp corners, and dead oil volumes, and requires additional plugs to blank redundant holes. These artefacts affect flow separation, aggravate pressure-drop and reduce hydraulic stiffness. Recent advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) technology have enabled the development of additively manufactured components which provide greater freedom in channel design and routing. Galleries can provide flow paths which are smoothly curved in 3 dimensions. AM manifold geometry can be optimized to reduce size and weight. In this research, analytical expressions are sought to approximate pressure drops in complex curved flow paths, which can subsequently be used for manifold optimization. The curved flow paths are defined by polynomial splines which are then fragmented into a series of segments each defined by a bend angle and bend radius. This paper uses approximations to Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) results to form pressure-drop models over a range of segment bend radii and angles. These models are then used to predict the pressure drops for curved galleries used in AM manifolds. The method is applied to four example curved galleries, and provides a reasonably accurate pressure-drop prediction in each case.
Model Updating of a Hydraulic Chain Oscillator
Authors: Treml Paul , Mikota Gudrun , Manhartsgruber Bernhard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A hydraulic system in form of a chain oscillator has been set up, measured and described by a mathematical model in the frequency domain. By analysing the hydraulic circuit, it is possible to derive a suitable mathematical model, with the focus on keeping it as simple as possible, but still representing all the important properties. Unknown system parameters are identified with the help of a two-step procedure using a non-linear optimization task. Excited hydraulically, by adjusting the flow rate, the pressures in this setup are measured. From this data, frequency responses between flow rate and the pressures can be calculated, which are used to validate the mathematical model and the identification strategy. Different system configurations were investigated to further confirm the validity of the model and the identification methodology.
Meaningful and Physically Consistent Efficiency Definition for Positive Displacement Pumps - Continuation of the Critical Review of ISO 4391 and ISO 4409
Authors: Schänzle Christian , Pelz Peter F. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
ISO 4391:1984 gives the common efficiency definition for positive displacement machines. ISO 4409:2019 uses this efficiency definition to specify the procedure for efficiency measurements. If the machine conditions do not correspond with an incompressible flow due to operation at high pressure levels, the compressibility of the fluid and the dead volume of a pump must be taken into account. On this point, ISO 4391:1984 is physically inconsistent.
Achten et. al. address this issue in their paper at FPMC 2019 presenting a critical review of ISO 4409:2007. They introduce new definitions of the overall efficiency as well as the mechanical-hydraulic efficiency. At the same time, they question the validity of the volumetric efficiency definition. Li and Barkei continue on this issue in their paper at FPMC 2020 and give a new efficiency definition based on the introduction of a new quantity Φ which describes the volume specific enthalpy of the conveyed fluid.
The motivation of this paper is to contribute to the ongoing and fruitful discussion. Our approach starts with the most general efficiency definition, namely the isentropic efficiency. Subsequently, we make assumptions concerning the fluid properties with respect to the compressibility of the conveyed fluid. On the basis of the ideal cycle of a positive displacement pump and the p-v diagram, we derive physically consistent and more meaningful representations of the overall, the mechanical-hydraulic and the volumetric efficiency that address the inconsistency of ISO 4391:1984. Furthermore, we compare our findings with the existing results of Achten et. al. and Li and Barkei.
Design and Analysis of a Flow-Control Valve With Controllable Pressure Compensation Capability for Mobile Machinery
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Yunwei , Quan Long , Xia Lianpeng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There are the problems in the traditional pressure-compensation flow-control valve, such as low flow control accuracy, small flow control difficulty, and limited flow range. For this, a method of continuous control pressure drop Δprated (i.e. the pressure drop across the main throttling orifice) to control flow-control valve flow is proposed. The precise control of small flow is realized by reducing the pressure drop Δprated and the flow range is amplified by increasing pressure drop Δprated. At the same time, it can also compensate the flow force to improve the flow control accuracy by regulating the pressure drop Δprated. In the research, the flow-control valve with controllable pressure compensation capability (FVCP) was designed firstly and theoretically analyzed. Then the sub-model model of PPRV and the joint simulation model of the FVCP were established and verified through experiments. Finally, the continuous control characteristics of pressure drop Δprated, the flow characteristics, and flow force compensation were studied. The research results demonstrate that, compared with the traditional flow-control valve, the designed FVCP can adjust the compensation pressure difference in the range of 0∼3.4 MPa in real-time. And the flow rate can be altered within the range of 44%∼136% of the rated flow. By adjusting the compensation pressure difference to compensate the flow force, the flow control accuracy of the multi-way valve is improved, and the flow force compensation effect is obvious.