bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent Polyimide Films Produced With Diatomite and Mesoporous Silica as Promising High-Tech Material
Authors: Carlini Riccardo , Khalid Mohamed Ali , Yang Yuxiang , Zhao Yue , Liu Xiangnong , Garrone Eufrosina , Dai Anbang , Diao Guangxiang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Due to their excellent properties, polymides (PIs) result promising as high-performance materials in different technological fields. In this research, both micron-sized tubular mesoporous silica (mSiO2) and double-tube tubular diatomite particles with cadmium sulfide quantum dots are prepared by chemical deposition method. A cluster of type fluorescent particles is prepared by self-assembling carbon quantum dots (CDs) on the inner surface of the above materials. Then, a fluorescent polyimide film is prepared by uniform dispersion of fluorescent particles. The study of different properties of the film becomes then mandatory to evaluate possible application perspectives. Therefore, after synthesizes, all samples were investigated in term of chemical structure, microstructure and fluorescence properties by infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry. Fluorescence performance of diatomite-based fluorescent particles (diatomite@CdS@CDs) results not as good as the mSiO2-based fluorescent particles (mSiO2@CdS@CDs) ones; the mechanical properties of the composite film deteriorate as the content of the inorganic component increases. The performance of PI/mSiO2@CdS@CDs is 7.6 times the PI/diatomite@CdS@CDs ones.
Hypoxia-related Genes as Prognostic Signature to Predict Prognosis and Immune Microenvironment of Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Qiu Yuqin , Qi Xuewei , Liu Zeyu , Xu Jingnan , Wang Xiaogang , Huang Jinchang , Jiang Xin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypoxia is widespread in solid tumors and is directly associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) aggressiveness, poor prognosis, and immunotherapy resistance. In this study, we aimed at developing a hypoxia-related marker to improve the prognosis prediction in CRC.Methods: We used gene expression data of CRC samples from the Cancer Genome Atlas Database and the hypoxia gene set to obtain a hypoxia gene expression matrice of 479 CRC patients. The prognostic model was constructed by screening hypoxia risk genes that were significantly associated with prognosis by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The predictive performance of the prognostic model was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyses and ROC curve analysis and validated in the GSE17536 dataset of Gene Expression Omnibus database. Finally, we analyzed the immune cell infiltration and expression of immunosuppressive genes in CRC patients at high and low risk of hypoxia.Results: We constructed a hypoxia risk prognostic model composed of two hypoxia-related genes (SLC2A3 and ENO3), which was proved to have better sensitivity and specificity after a series of validation. Independent prognostic analysis revealed that the risk score can serve as an independent prognostic factor for CRC. The infiltration of natural killer resting cells, activated master cells and T-cell regulatory cells were significantly increased in the hypoxia high-risk group, and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis showed that gene sets involved in tumor proliferation and differentiation, immune tolerance as well as hypoxia were also significantly enriched in this group. Negatively regulated genes in the Cancer Immunity Cycle, as well as immune checkpoints, were upregulated in the high hypoxia risk group, forming an immunosuppressive microenvironment, and mediating the immune escape. Conclusions: In summary, we constructed and validated a reliable hypoxia risk model that can independently predict the prognosis of CRC patients and reflect the status of the immune microenvironment, which is beneficial for screening CRC prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Opportunities for teaching ABCDE-based patient examination in health education
Authors: Pandur Attila , Molnar Ferenc Jozsef , Ferkai Luca Anna , Furedi Gabor , Betlehem Jozsef , Rendeki Szilard , Radnai Balazs , Deutsch Krisztina 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Abstract:
Background: The ABCDE-based Patient Examination is a systematic patient examination aimed at early detection of a critical condition and prevention of life-threatening condition. Its education in the field of emergency patient care is most frequently provided in theoretical and / or practical education, in the form of frontal work, with indirect and direct illustration, as well as simulation and situational practice. The aim of our research is to assess which educational environment and method best support the acquisition of practical knowledge, to examine students' physiological reactions to different situations, to assess how the personal presence of the instructor influences the student’s performance, and compare frontal education to the situation-simulation exercises.
Methods: The research was carried out by non - random sampling by an expert using a cross - sectional study. The study included 3rd and 4th year paramedics (N = 47 persons) who at the time of the research were studying at the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Pécs and participated in the previous semester online ABCDE patient examination education. Students who did not show up at the time of the study or those who work in ambulance or hospital emergency patient care were excluded. Three sub-samples were formed: in the first the instructor was present during the education (n = 11 persons), in the second the instructor was not present during the education (n = 8 persons), and in the third a realistic simulator was used without the presence of their instructors. (n = 28 persons). A descriptive analysis of the sample statistics and Kruskall-Wallis test was used for data analysis and SPSS 24.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.4 were used for evaluation.
Results: The results of the theoretical and practical tests did not correlate with each other (p = 0,14). During the practical test, the group using the realistic simulator achieved the worst result and the personal presence of the instructor did not improve the achieved result (p <0,001). When monitoring students’ heart rate, there was no significant difference between each group (p = 0,79; p = 0,48; p = 0,48).
Conclusions: The presence of the instructor during the practical simulation did not affect the result, so in the current epidemiological situation, the practical simulation can be safely and efficiently taught from the camera room. Based on our results, the efficiency of realistic simulators in this situation is questionable. We did not find a clear relationship between theoretical knowledge and practical implementation, but it would be worthwhile to repeat the study with more and various equipments and a larger number of participants.
Keywords: Education, Evaluation intervention, Evidence-Based Medicine, Complex intervention.
Human survival after age 100: Good luck or good health?
Authors: Alvarez Jesús-Adrián , Medford Anthony , Strozza Cosmo , Thinggaard Mikael , Christensen Kaare 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe existence of a super-select group of centenarians that demonstrates increased survivorship has been hypothesized. However, it is unknown if this super-select group possesses similar characteristics apart from extreme longevity. MethodsIn this study, we analyse high-quality health and survival data of Danish centenarians born in 1895, 1905 and 1910. We use Latent Class Analysis to identify unobserved health classes and to test whether these super-select lives share similar health characteristics. ResultsWe find that, even after age 100, a clear and distinct gradient in health exists and that this gradient is remarkably similar across different birth cohorts of centenarians. Based on the level of health, we identify three clusters of centenarians - robust, frail and intermediate - and show that these groups have different survival prospects. The most distinctive characteristic of the robust centenarians is the outperformance in different health dimensions (physical, functional and cognitive). Finally, we show that our health class categorizations are good predictors of the survival prospects of centenarians. ConclusionsThere is a clear stratification in health and functioning among those over 100 years of age and these differences are associated with survival beyond age 100.
Outcomes reported in clinical studies of stable angina pectoris on traditional Chinese medicine: a systematic review towards a core outcome set
Authors: Zhang Mingyan , Chua Hui Zi , Niu Bohan , Zheng Wenke , Yang Fengwen , Jin Xinyao , Zhang Lishuang , Zhao Hongjie , Feng Rui , Ji Zhaochen , Hu Haiyin , Li Kai , Zhang Junhua , Zhang Boli 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in contributing to the public health in China. However, non-standardized outcomes in TCM related studies posed great difficulty in data synthesis for healthcare decisions. An agreed set of standardized outcomes, or termed as a core outcome set (COS), can solve this existing problem of outcome heterogeneity. This review aimed to analyze outcome heterogeneity, assess the quality of outcome reporting and providing a list of potential outcomes for COS development of SAP using TCM.
Methods
8 literature databases were searched to identify clinical studies about TCM for SAP (SAP-TCM) of yearly samples of 2005, 2010, 2015, 2016, 2018 and 2019. 2 clinical registry databases were searched from inception to October 2020. Outcomes definition, measurement methods and time-point were extracted and categorized into 7 themes which include clinical symptoms and signs, physical and chemical examination, TCM-related outcomes, adverse events, quality of life, long-term prognosis and economic evaluation. Timing and quality assessment of the outcomes reported were analyzed and evaluated.
Results
A total of 1166 studies were included from 12962 potential studies, involving 111426 patients. 231 outcomes were identified and a total of 89 outcomes reported at least twice in the studies. The most commonly reported theme was clinical symptoms and signs. The most frequently reported outcomes were total rate of ECG efficiency and angina attack in clinical studies of published literature and clinical registries databases respectively. Outcomes reported in a single study ranged from 1 to 15, and 5 outcomes on average per study. 80% of the studies lack reporting of primary outcomes. A wide variation of measurement instruments or methods was used. A range of 1–17 measurement time-points were recorded. Quality assessment of outcome reporting was generally low, with 65.6% of the studies scoring 3 to 4 points.
Conclusion
Outcomes reported in studies on SAP-TCM are heterogeneous. A lack of standardization complicates comparisons of outcomes across studies. Developing a COS for SAP-TCM could contribute to the standardization of outcome reporting and offer a stronger evidence for health decision-making.
Finite Element Investigation of Cutting Performance of Cr/W-DLC/DLC Composite Coated Cutting Tool
Authors: Hao Tianmei , Du Jin , Zhang Xue , Su Guosheng , Zhang Peirong , Sun Yujing , Zhang Jingjie , Xu Chonghai 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Coupled with a thermo-mechanical metal cutting process, rapid tool wear, higher surface roughness and mass heat are caused by the rapid plastic deformation of the workpiece and by the friction along the tool-chip interface. This phenomenon is more predominant in the machining of difficult-to-cut materials. DLC film has been applied as coating material in the machining of difficult-to-cut materials, and shows a good cutting performance. In this study, Cr/W-DLC/DLC coated tools were compared with other three coated tools (i.e., TiC-, TiAlN-, Al 2 O 3 -) to investigate the cutting performance in the machining of Al-Si alloy (AC9B). In addition, the influence of Cr/W-DLC/DLC coated tools on the cutting performance under different cutting speeds was studied. Cutting force, cutting temperature, heat transfer coefficient of the rake face of the tool, cutting deformation rate, plastic deformation of machined surface, the interface temperature and stress were investigated numerically based on Finite Element Method (FEM). Actual cutting experiments were carried out to the verification of the FEM models by means of the cutting force and cutting temperature measurement. The investigation results showed that Cr/W-DLC/DLC coated tools has the lowest cutting force and cutting temperature, good cutting deformation characteristics and lower coating-substrate interface temperature and stress, however appears the maximum value of heat partition coefficient into the cutting tool. With the increasing of cutting speeds, cutting force and cutting temperature showed an increase trend, while the plastic deformation depth of machined surface and heat partition into cutting tool all showed a decrease trend. This investigation can provide the theory basis or technical guidance for the cutting practice of Cr/W-DLC/DLC coated tools.
Acute Arthritis of the&nbsp;Temporomandibular&nbsp;Joint due to Lyme&nbsp;Disease:&nbsp;A Case Report and&nbsp;Literature&nbsp;Review
Authors: Weise Christina , Schulz Matthias C. , Frank Karin , Cetindis Marcel , Koos Bernd , Weise Hannes 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Lyme disease is the most frequent tick-borne infectious disease in Europe. It often presents with a wide variety of symptoms. For this reason, affection of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) caused by Lyme disease (LD) can be misdiagnosed as a common temporomandibular disorder (TMD). The purpose of this case report of a 25-year old woman presenting to the Departments of Orthodontics and Maxillofacial Surgery with extensive symptoms of Temporomandibular Disorder is to illustrate the delayed diagnosis of Lyme disease, which was only made after extensive therapy of the temporomandibular joint. The specialist literature only reports a few cases of patients suffering from Lyme disease with TMJ manifestations. This case report and the relevant literature review aim to emphasize the importance of accurate request of medical history and differential diagnosis of acute TMJ arthritis and arthralgia. Early interdisciplinary diagnosis of Lyme disease and early antibiotic therapy are essential to avoid misdiagnosis and unnecessary, sometimes invasive, therapies.
Oncogenic BRAF V600E induces glial proliferation through ERK and neuronal death through JNK
Authors: Ye Qing , Al-Kuwari Nasser , Srivast Pranay , Chen Xiqun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

Activating V600E in BRAF is a common driver mutation in cancers of multiple tissue origins, including melanoma and glioma. BRAFV600E has also been implicated in neurodegeneration. The present study aims to characterize BRAFV600E on cell death and survival in three major cell types of the CNS: neurons, astrocytes, and microglia.
Methods

Multiple primary cultures and cell lines of glial cells and neurons were employed. BRAFV600E as well as BRAFWT expression was mediated by lentivirus or retrovirus. Blockage of downstream effectors were achieved by siRNA. Gene expression data from patients with Parkinson’s disease was analyzed.
Results

In astrocytes and microglia, BRAFV600E induces cell proliferation, and the proliferative effect in microglia is mediated by activated ERK but not JNK. Conditioned medium from BRAFV600E-expressing microglia induced neuronal cell death. In neuronal cells, BRAFV600E directly induces cell death, through JNK but not ERK. We further show that BRAF-related genes are enriched in pathways in patients with Parkinson’s disease.
Conclusions

Our study identifies distinct consequences mediated by distinct downstream effectors in dividing glial cells and in neurons following the same BRAF mutational activation and a causal link between BRAF-activated microglia and neuronal cell death that does not require physical proximity. It provides insight into a possibly important role of BRAF in neurodegeneration as a result of either dysregulated BRAF in neurons or its impact on glial cells.
Coronavirus and Its Impacts on Health Workers Retention: A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Jamebozorgi Azam Heidari , Agoush Leila , NooriHekmat Somayeh , Shokri Azad , Sadatmoosavi Ali , Shirvani Mohammadmahdi , Hasanikaboutarkhani Mohammad , zare zahra 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: The present study aimed to determine the prerequisites and requirements for retention of human resources during the Covid-19 disaster. It was tried in this study to systematically review the challenges and prerequisites, strategies, and measures related to the retention of health workers during the disaster.Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-synthesis of all the articles related to the factors affecting the retention of human resources during the Covid-19 disaster. The articles were searched using the keywords Retention, Human resource, and COVID-19 in the following databases without a time limit: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of science. To select the studies, the titles, abstracts, and full texts that complied with the inclusion criteria of the present systematic review were examined, and the 226 preliminary results and abstract were screened. Finally, 23 full texts were obtained, and regarding the type and nature of the materials extracted from the studies, a meta-synthesis was used to analyze and aggregate the results of the systematic review.Results: The 23 articles included in the systematic review and meta-synthesis were reviewed, and the effects of the Covid-19 disaster on the healthcare staff and the retention strategies were considered as the main themes of the study. In this regard, stigma and violence against the staff, burnout and stress, increased staff workload, acquisition of communication skills, employees' mental and physical health, employee safety during disaster, staff mobilization to assist the current forces, expansion of cyberspace infrastructures, and motivational-health incentives were selected as codes.Conclusion: Retention or non-retention of the personnel during or after a disaster can be caused by the multifaceted effects of the crisis on people. Thus, a combination of several appropriate strategies should be used to respond to it in order to reduce the adverse effects of the disaster. Also, aligning the personnel can help using their synergistic power to face and respond to the challenges ahead.
Assessing the Calibration in Toxicological in Vitro Models with Conformal Prediction
Authors: Morger Andrea , Svensson Fredrik , McShane Staffan Arvidsson , Gauraha Niharika , Norinder Ulf , Spjuth Ola , Volkamer Andrea 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Machine learning methods are widely used in drug discovery and toxicity prediction. While showing overall good performance in cross-validation studies, their predictive power (often) drops in cases where the query samples have drifted from the training data’s descriptor space. Thus, the assumption for applying machine learning algorithms, that training and test data stem from the same distribution, might not always be fulfilled. In this work, conformal prediction is used to assess the calibration of the models. Deviations from the expected error may indicate that training and test data originate from different distributions. Exemplified on the Tox21 datasets, composed of chronologically released Tox21Train, Tox21Test and Tox21Score subsets, we observed that while internally valid models could be trained using cross-validation on Tox21Train, predictions on the external Tox21Score data resulted in higher error rates than expected. To improve the prediction on the external sets, a strategy exchanging the calibration set with more recent data, such as Tox21Test, has successfully been introduced. We conclude that conformal prediction can be used to diagnose data drifts and other issues relating to model calibration. The proposed improvement strategy — exchanging the calibration data only — is convenient as it does not require retraining of the underlying model.
Perceptions of facilitators and barriers to mental health treatment engagement among decision-making competent adolescents in Greece
Authors: Tsamadou E. , Voultsos Polychronis , Emmanouilidis A. , Ampatzoglou G. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background

A subset of adolescents with mental disorders are likely to be (share) decision making competent and hence can make their treatment engagement more effective. Treatment engagement is decisive in achieving successful outcomes. However, there are high rates of drop-out in mental health settings.
Aim

This study aims at identifying barriers to or facilitators of mental health care engagement among adolescents with decision-making competence in Greece.
Methods

Participants were adolescents in therapy for mental disorders recruited from an outpatient tertiary hospital setting. First, potential participants with decision making competence were identified. Second, 50 participants were interviewed about their perceptions of treatment. The interviews were auto-recorded. A transcription verbatim and data analysis were conducted. All the requirements of a qualitative research and ethical considerations were observed.
Results

All the participants highlighted their experience with facilitators rather than barriers to their treatment engagement. Facilitators included: a) positive treatment outcomes and adolescent's perceived usefulness of treatment, b) a meaningful adolescent-therapist relationship, c) family’s supportive role, d) symptoms and negative self-image, and e) developing social relationships and acceptance by peers. The participants equally highlighted the importance of getting rid of their symptoms and improve their socialization skills. Other facilitators included: achieving professional and personal goals in life, enhancing their independence and self-esteem / self-image, or even just confessing to another trustworthy person. Friends were reported as having a neutral or mild supportive role. The barriers included ineffective and unhelpful treatment, negative experiences with their therapist, relief from symptoms and mental health therapy-related stigma.
Conclusion

For the most part, the findings enhance prior studies. Participants highlighted facilitators rather than barriers to treatment engagement. For the most part, the findings enhance prior studies. However, we identified some nuances which might be used by therapists to enhance the adolescents’ treatment engagement. For instance, bearing in their mind that by the subsiding of symptoms adolescents are most likely to terminate the treatment prematurely and highlighting the achievement of adolescents’ future goals as well as the potential family’s enhanced well-being because of the improvement of adolescents’ mental health may contribute to reducing the attrition rate.