bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The intact parasympathetic nerve promotes submandibular gland regeneration through ductal cell proliferation
Authors: Wang Xue , Li Zhilin , Shao Qi , Zhang Chunmei , Wang Jinsong , Han Zhengxue , Wang Songlin , Qin Lizheng 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesSalivary gland regeneration is closely related to the parasympathetic nerve; however, the mechanism behind this relationship is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the parasympathetic nerve and morphological differences during salivary gland regeneration.Materials and MethodsWe used a duct ligation/deligation‐induced submandibular gland regeneration model of Sprague‐Dawley (SD) rats. The regenerated submandibular gland with or without chorda lingual (CL) innervation was detected by haematoxylin–eosin staining, real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR), immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. We counted the number of Ki67‐positive cells to reveal the proliferation process that occurs during gland regeneration. Finally, we examined the expression of the following markers: aquaporin 5, cytokeratin 7, neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and polysialyltransferases.ResultsIntact parasympathetic innervation promoted submandibular gland regeneration. The process of gland regeneration was significantly repressed by cutting off the CL nerve. During gland regeneration, Ki67‐positive cells were mainly found in the ductal structures. Moreover, the expression of NCAM and polysialyltransferases‐1 (PST) expression in the innervation group was significantly increased during early regeneration and decreased in the late stages. In the denervated submandibular glands, the expression of NCAM decreased during regeneration.ConclusionsOur findings revealed that the regeneration of submandibular glands with intact parasympathetic innervation was associated with duct cell proliferation and the increased expression of PST and NCAM.
Ultra‐rapid‐acting insulins for adults with diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Avgerinos Ioannis , Papanastasiou Georgia , Karagiannis Thomas , Michailidis Theodoros , Liakos Aris , Mainou Maria , Matthews David R. , Tsapas Apostolos , Bekiari Eleni 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials to assess the efficacy and safety of the novel, ultra‐rapid‐acting insulins aspart and lispro in adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Our primary outcome was change in HbA1c from baseline. We additionally assessed eight efficacy and six safety endpoints. We calculated weighted mean differences (WMD) for continuous outcomes and odds ratios (ORs) for dichotomous outcomes, alongside 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We additionally assessed statistical heterogeneity among studies with the I2 statistic, considering values greater than 60% as indicative of substantial heterogeneity. Nine studies comprising 5931 patients were included in the systematic review; eight active‐controlled studies could be synthesized in terms of a meta‐analysis. Treatment with ultra‐rapid‐acting insulins had a similar effect on change in HbA1c compared with rapid‐acting insulins (WMD −0.02%, 95% CI −0.08 to 0.05, I2 = 61% for patients with type 1 diabetes and −0.02%, 95% CI −0.09 to 0.04, I2 = 19% for patients with type 2 diabetes). Similarly, no difference was evident in terms of change in fasting plasma glucose, self‐measured plasma glucose, body weight, basal or bolus insulin dose, incidence of serious adverse events and hypoglycaemia. Compared with rapid‐acting insulins, ultra‐rapid‐acting insulins reduced 1‐ and 2‐hour postprandial glucose (PPG) increment based on a liquid meal test, both in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (WMD −0.94 mmol/L, 95% CI −1.17 to −0.72, I2 = 0% and −0.56 mmol/L, 95% CI −0.79 to −0.32, I2 = 0%, respectively, for change in 1‐hour PPG increment). In conclusion, ultra‐rapid‐acting insulins were as efficacious and safe as rapid‐acting insulins, showing a favourable effect solely on PPG control.
Developmental programming and ageing of male reproductive function
Authors: Zambrano Elena , Nathanielsz Peter W. , Rodríguez‐González Guadalupe L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDevelopmental programming predisposes offspring to metabolic, behavioural and reproductive dysfunction in adult life. Evidence is accumulating that ageing phenotype and longevity are in part developmentally programmed in each individual. Unfortunately, there are few studies addressing the effects of developmental programming by maternal nutrition on the rate of ageing of the male reproductive system. This review will discuss effects of foetal exposure to maternal environmental challenges on male offspring fertility and normal ageing of the male reproductive system. We focus on several key factors involved in reproductive ageing such as decreased hormone production, DNA fragmentation, oxidative stress, telomere shortening, epigenetics, maternal lifestyle and nutrition. There is compelling evidence that ageing of the male reproductive system is developmentally programmed. Both maternal over‐ or undernutrition accelerate ageing of male offspring reproductive function through similar mechanisms such as decreased serum testosterone levels, increase in oxidative stress biomarkers in both the testes and sperm and changes in sperm quality. Importantly, even in adult life, exercise in male offspring of obese mothers improves adverse effects of programming on reproductive function. Maternal consumption of a low‐protein diet causes transgenerational effects in progeny via the paternal line. The seminal fluid has effects on the intrauterine environment. Programming by male factors may involve more than just the sperm. Improving knowledge on developmental programming ageing interactions will improve not only male health and life span but also the health of future generations by reducing programming via the paternal line.
A randomised, controlled trial to determine the effect of levothyroxine on Standardbred racehorses
Authors: Kritchevsky Janice , Olave Carla , Tinkler Stacy , Tropf Melissa , Ivester Kathleen , Forsythe Lauren , Couetil Laurent 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of thyroid supplement is pervasive in athletic horses although its effects on measures of performance are not known.ObjectivesOne purpose of this study was to determine whether supra‐physiologic doses of levothyroxine affect the velocities at which blood lactate was greater than 4 mmol/L (VLa4) and heart rate was over 150 (V150) and 200 (V200) beats per minute respectively. Additionally, a survey of post‐race blood samples was also conducted to determine whether high thyroxine concentrations were common in racehorses.Study designA randomised, crossover, trial was performed in six healthy Standardbred racehorses.MethodsStudy 1: T4 was determined in 50 post‐race samples from a single Standardbred meet. Study 2: Research horses were trained to fitness and then randomised to one of three treatments: carrier, 0.1 mg/kg thyroxine or 0.25 mg/kg thyroxine for 2 weeks. Horses completed a standardised exercise treadmill test (SET) to fatigue on the last day of treatment. Serum free and total thyroxine and triiodothyronine were determined on the day of SET testing. Blood lactate and ECG data were collected during the SET at 6, 8, 10, 11, and 12 m/s and during recovery. The effect of treatment and SET on heart rate and blood lactate was examined using generalised linear mixed models. Post hoc analysis was adjusted for multiple comparisons using Tukey's Test. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation andP < .05 was considered significant.ResultsStudy 1: The median T4 value in this population of horses was 2.00 µg/dL (laboratory's normal range 1.5‐4.5 µg/dL) and 3 of 50 racehorses had values above the laboratory reference range. Study 2: Levothyroxine at 0.25 mg/kg resulted in higher heart rates during SET (199 ± 30, 223 ± 17 and 239 ± 9 bpm at 6, 8 and 10 m/s respectively) and recovery (144 ± 20 and 119 ± 15 at 5 and 15 min) as compared to placebo (176 ± 18, 203 ± 10 and 219 ± 6 bpm at 6, 8, and10 m/s and 126 ± 5, 102 ± 11 at 5‐15 minutes respectively). Three of six horses developed cardiac arrhythmias including atrial fibrillation.Main limitationsA relatively small number of animals were used and a SET is not identical to actual racing conditions.ConclusionsSupra‐physiologic thyroxine supplementation caused a decreased V200during a standard exercise test and may result in cardiac arrhythmias.
General dentists’ attitudes and perceived barriers in providing domiciliary dental care to older adults in long‐term care facilities or their homes in Northern Ireland: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Kerr Emma , Watson Sinead , McMullan Julie , Srinivasan Murali , McKenna Gerald J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveMany older patients, housebound or living in long‐term care facilities (LTCFs) have limited access to dental care. This descriptive qualitative study aimed to understand general dental practitioners (GDPs) attitudes and perceived barriers to undertaking Domiciliary Dental Care (DDC) for those patients in Northern Ireland (NI).MethodsSemi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 12 GDPs in Northern Ireland. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. An iterative coding process using theme‐analytic methods was used.ResultsThe data were characterised into four major themes—risk of professional litigation, remuneration for those undertaking DDC, complexity of treatment, and the overall framework of the dental care system in NI. Two minor themes identified were practice culture and reasons for undertaking DDC. The GDPs in the study identified a number of barriers to undertaking DDC including a legal requirement to transport oxygen, lack of organisation and limited oral hygiene care provision in LTCFs, and confusion around their responsibilities for provision of DDC. Those GDPs who were providing DDC indicated that they did so out of kindness and a sense of loyalty to their long‐standing patients.ConclusionThe GDPs in this study identified a number of significant barriers to provision of DDC at organisational, structural and clinical levels. The GDPs indicated that they required clarification of their responsibilities around DDC with clear guidelines necessary given the increase in demand for this service.
Korean mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) extends the lifespan via FOXO activation induced by dSir2 in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Lee Shin‐Hae , Lee Hye‐Yeon , Min Kyung‐Jin 
Published: June 2021

AimWe examined the underlying mechanisms associated with the longevity effects of Korean mistletoe extract (KME) in Drosophila melanogaster.MethodsWe measured the lifespan of sirtuin, chico and foxo mutant flies fed KME, the expression of the forkhead box O (FOXO) target genes and insulin‐like peptide genes, and the localization of FOXO in flies fed the KME.ResultsThe longevity effect of KME was abolished in sirtuin, chico and foxo null mutant flies. In addition, the expression of FOXO target genes and the localization of FOXO into nuclei were increased in flies fed KME, but the expression of the insulin‐like peptide genes was decreased by KME supplementation.ConclusionsThe results show that KME extends the fly lifespan through sirtuin‐induced FOXO activation. We suggest that KME has potential use as a beneficial anti‐aging and longevity supplement. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 725–731.
Bleeding phenotype of patients with moderate haemophilia A and B assessed by thromboelastometry and thrombin generation
Authors: Måseide Ragnhild J. , Berntorp Erik , Nummi Vuokko , Lassila Riitta , Tjønnfjord Geir E. , Holme Pål A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionPredicting the bleeding phenotype is crucial for the management of patients with moderate haemophilia. Global coagulation assays evaluate haemostasis more comprehensively than conventional methods.AimTo explore global coagulation assays and the bleeding phenotype of patients with moderate haemophilia A (MHA) and B (MHB).MethodsThe MoHem study is a cross‐sectional, multicentre study covering Nordic patients with MHA and MHB. Thromboelastometry in whole blood and thrombin generation (TG) in platelet‐poor plasma (1, 2.5 and 5 pM tissue factor (TF)) were compared with joint health (Haemophilia Joint Health Score (HJHS)) and treatment modality.ResultsWe report on 61 patients from Oslo and Helsinki: 24 MHA and 37 MHB. By TG (2.5 pM TF), patients who had been without replacement therapy during the previous 12 months depicted higher endogenous thrombin potential (P = .03). In contrast, those who had low ETP (< median) captured higher HJHS (P = .02). Patients who had undergone orthopaedic surgery generated least thrombin (P = .02). By thromboelastometry, those without the need of factor consumption had short clotting times, and quick times to maximum velocity (< median values) (P = .03). Factor VIII/factor IX activity (FVIII/FIX:C) did not align with the bleeding phenotype, but FIX:C ≤ 3 IU/dL was associated with lower peak thrombin (P = .03).ConclusionTG differentiated patients with moderate haemophilia according to HJHS, annual factor consumption, and whether orthopaedic surgery had been performed. Thromboelastometry differentiated according to factor consumption only. Global coagulation assays may assist predicting the bleeding phenotype in moderate haemophilia.
The Third Crusade in historiographical perspective
Authors: Spencer Stephen J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Third Crusade (1187–1192) is renowned as a conflict between King Richard I of England and the Muslim Sultan Saladin—a reductionist perspective that reflects an enduring fascination with these protagonists both inside and outside academia. In fact, the expedition was significantly more diverse, with the German emperor, Frederick Barbarossa, and the king of France, Philip Augustus, leading major contingents to the East, while a number of smaller‐scale expeditions also constituted part of the overall Third Crusade. This article surveys key developments in the enterprise's historiography—focusing primarily on the crusading careers of Richard, Frederick and Philip—and introduces the main sources. It suggests that hindsight has played a surprisingly prominent role in directing scholarly interpretations and that historiography has gradually diversified during the 20th and 21st centuries, moving away from the traditional Richard versus Saladin narrative to explore understudied individuals, events and themes.
5. FAMILY LAW MATTERS
Authors: SURKIS JUDITH 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThis essay analyzes how new histories of family law help to dismantle developmentalist accounts of legal, economic, and political modernity. Far from being backwaters, they have recently emerged as sites of theoretical and practical innovation. Recombining methodologies from genealogy to social reproduction theory and psychoanalysis, they do more than denaturalize categories, destabilize familiar narratives, and demonstrate ideological contradictions (although they do that too). Motivated by a sense of what is lost theoretically and politically by the family's historical and juridical marginalization, they reinvigorate legal history by locating the problem of the family at the center of broader critical projects.
Inhibition of lipid damage in refrigerated salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) by a combined treatment of CO2 packaging and high‐pressure processing
Authors: Zhang Bin , Pérez‐Won Mario , Tabilo‐Munizaga Gipsy , Aubourg Santiago P. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe effect of a previous combined treatment (CO2‐enriched modified atmosphere packaging, MAP and high‐pressure processing, HPP, 150 MPa/5 min) on lipid stability of refrigerated (10 days/4 °C) salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was studied. The following processing conditions were compared: B‐0 (fish without MAP or HPP), B‐1 (fish packaged under MAP and without HPP), B‐2 (fish subjected to HPP without MAP) and B‐3 (fish subjected to MAP and HPP). An inhibitory effect (P < 0.05) on lipid hydrolysis and oxidation was obtained by the presence of CO2 in the packaging medium; values detected at day 10 for B‐0 and B‐1 fish were 80.72 and 49.61 (g free fatty acids, FFA, kg−1 lipids), 6.14 and 2.81 (meq active oxygen kg−1 lipids; peroxide value), 5.05 and 3.10 (mg malondialdehyde kg−1 muscle), and 5.56 and 2.70 (fluorescence ratio), respectively. Furthermore, inhibition of lipid damage was observed for HPP alone; values detected at day 10 for B‐2 fish were 76.24 (g FFA kg−1 lipids) and 5.28 (meq active oxygen kg−1 lipids). The lowest average values for lipid hydrolysis and oxidation were obtained in samples corresponding to the combined treatment (B‐3 batch), differences being significant (P < 0.05) at day 10 for FFA (41.43 g kg−1 lipids), peroxide (1.84 meq kg−1 lipids) and fluorescence (2.50) values.
Development of a continuous membrane nanobubble generation method applicable in liquid food processing
Authors: Dhungana Pramesh , Bhandari Bhesh 
Published: June 2021

SummaryA novel continuous nanobubble generation method was developed using a commercial ceramic membrane as a nanobubble generator. CO2 and air were infused externally across the ceramic membrane (pore size 50 nm) into the water flowing inside the ceramic membrane tube. Infusion of each gas was done in a single (20 s) and multiple passes (180 s) at 20–21°C. Results showed that gaseous nanobubbles could be generated even in a single pass. Low power ultrasound (200 kHz, 30W) was applied for the rapid assessment of nanobubble stability. Single‐pass ultrasound treatment of the samples was carried out at two levels: 2.6 and 5.1 J mL−1. Among the samples in which gases were infused for multiple passes, air nanobubbles were found more stable than CO2. In contrast, an opposite trend was observed in those samples in which gases were infused in the single‐pass only (20 s). This process has the potential to be applied to food processing industries, such as to enhance the products’ sensory attributes, the efficiency of membrane separation, food drying and liquid food transportation systems.
Identification of haloarchaea during fermentation of Sardinellalongiceps for being the starter culture to accelerate fish sauce production
Authors: Kamala Kannan , Sivaperumal Pitchiah , Paray Bilal Ahamad , Al‐Sadoon Mohammad K. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryThe present study was aimed to improve the value of native species Sardinella longiceps by fermentation method. Throughout the fermentation process, Halophilic archaeal diversity (103–107 log CFU/g) with their biochemical changes was observed. Overall, 67 archaeal isolates were isolated in various stages of fermentation and its belonging to sixteen genera dominated by Halobacterium (16), Natronobacterium (9), Halococcus (8), Halomicrobium (5), Halorubrum (4) and Haloalkalicoccus (4) which were identified by 16S rRNAgene analysis. During the fish sauce fermentation, Halobacterium sp. S12FS1 was predominant and it has significantly reduced (75%) the maturation time from 12 months into 4 months with an effective biochemical changes and potential protease and lipase enzyme activities. The sensory evaluation of archaeal fermented samples has received higher level (9.1 ± 0.48) of acceptability than control (7.4 ± 0.43). Hence, the implementation of present work will be successful at commercial level and will support directly to fishery products development globally.
The ABCDE bundle implementation in an intensive care unit: Facilitators and barriers perceived by nurses and doctors
Authors: Negro Alessandra , Bambi Stefano , De Vecchi Matteo , Isotti Pietro , Villa Giulia , Miconi Lucia , Dossi Mauro , Ponzetta Giuseppe , Rinaldi Luigi , Radaelli Chiara , Caballo Cristina , Leggieri Carlo , Colombo Sergio , Cabrini Luca , Manara Duilio F. , Zangrillo Alberto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo describe the facilitators and barriers perceived by healthcare teams after the implementation of the Awakening, Breathing, Coordination, Delirium monitoring/management and Early mobility bundle in an intensive care unit in Italy. This multicomponent intervention strategy has been associated with lower probabilities of delirium, improved functional outcomes and shorter duration of mechanical ventilation.MethodsA survey study conducted between June 2015 and May 2016 explored variables related to intensive care unit team members: perceptions of delirium; knowledge of the Awakening, Breathing, Coordination, Delirium monitoring/management and Early mobility bundle; teamwork perception and resource availability.ResultsMost of the participants affirmed having reasonable knowledge of delirium, outcomes of delirious episodes, Awakening, Breathing, Coordination, Delirium monitoring/management and Early mobility bundle components and their effectiveness. Low coordination between healthcare professionals was identified as a barrier. Overall, the time elapsing from the beginning of implementation of the bundle determined an increase in levels of awareness and confidence in the application of the bundle protocol and the Confusion Assessment Method Intensive Care Unit scale.ConclusionIssues with the Awakening, Breathing, Coordination, Delirium monitoring/management and Early mobility bundle relating to coordination, management and interdisciplinary ward rounds are critical and should be remedied and monitored. This study could provide the basis for improving bundle implementation strategies and surveying levels of progression in other intensive care units.
The Decent Work Questionnaire: Psychometric properties of the Italian version
Authors: Ferraro Tânia , dos Santos Nuno Rebelo , Pais Leonor , Zappalà Salvatore , Moreira João Manuel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDecent work is an integrative concept that may account for several labor‐related issues. It represents the defence and promotion of human rights at work and business and the fulfilling and productive work maintained with social dialogue. Previous studies developed the Decent Work Questionnaire (Ferraro, Pais, dos Santos, et al., 2018) based on International Labor Organization propositions and workers' perceptions. The paper reports the adaptation and validation of its Italian version in a high‐skilled workers sample (N = 1,465). Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the original version's structural dimensions and good internal consistency reliability. Convergent and discriminant validity, tested using work engagement and personal burnout scales, were supported by the data. Therefore, the DWQ Italian version appears to yield reliable and valid data as a Decent Work measure in Italian workplaces.