bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of exercise on iron absorption and incorporation in humans
Authors: Moretti Diego , Samuel Mettler , Christophe Zeder , Dorine Swinkels , Tjalsma Harold , Carsten Lundby , Zimmermann Michael 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionIt is unclear whether regular exercise results in higher iron requirements.AimAssess the change in oral iron absorption and systemic utilization in humans induced by a training phase.Material and MethodsTwelve generally health men were recruited for the study. Exclusion criteria were: chronic medications, recent blood donation, intake of mineral and vitamin supplements, Hb < 120 g/L, exercising more than 3 times per week (4 h in total). We measured iron bioavailability and its determinants with stable iron isotopes quantified 14 days after administration in red blood cells.ResultsTen subjects completed the study. Hemoglobin mass increased by 3.3% with training (P<0.05). We found higher EPO and higher IL‐6, (both P<0.05) in a post training blood sample compared to control, which resulted in an overall effect of decreasing hepcidin with training (P<0.05). Iron absorption was 14.2% during a resting phase and 16.2% (P for difference, n.s.) during the training phase, consistent with decreased hepcidin post‐training versus control.ConclusionHepcidin concentrations decreased with training and with training‐induced erythropoietic drive despite an acute increase of inflammatory markers (IL‐6) during training, consistent with an observed (n.s.) increase in iron bioavailability. This study suggests that moderate aerobic exercise to counteract potential inflammatory detrimental effects on iron absorption. Exercise induced erythropoietic drive may decrease inflammation induced iron sequestration in exercise.
Lifestyle of Brazilian Adults: Consumers and Non consumers of Yogurt
Authors: fisberg mauro , Possa Gabriela , Fisberg Regina 
Published: June 2021

Objective:To evaluate yogurt consumers and non‐consumers lifestyle in an adult sample of the city of São Paulo.Methods:2557 subjects were divided according to yogurt weekly intake in heavy yogurt consumers (蠅4 times a week) and non/low‐consumers of yogurt (less than once a week), paired by social economic level, age and gender. Trained interviewers collected data in household interviews. After applying a questionnaire about yogurt intake frequency, demographic and socioeconomic classification, those who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated on data about demographic information (education level, marital status and job characteristics), lifestyle characteristics (alcohol intake, smoking habit and level of physical activity), habitual food intake and presence of morbidity. Anthropometric evaluation was also performed.Results:Yogurt consumers had higher educational level, higher frequency of individuals working and/or currently studying, were more physically active at leisure time, and had reduced alcohol use, lower frequency of smoking and lower frequency of sedentary lifestyle, when compared to non‐consumers (p<0.05). Furthermore, yogurt consumers showed significantly higher daily intake of vitamins and minerals when compared to non‐consumers, despite no differences in body composition (p<0.05).ConclusionYogurt consumption is associated with healthier lifestyle in Brazilian adults.
Women's Motivations for Eating
Authors: Jahns Lisa , Stote Kim , Madanat Hala , Cole Renee 
Published: June 2021

The Motivation for Eating Scale (MFES) evaluates the primary motivation for eating initiation. The objective of this study was to examine energy intake by MFES categories and subscale scores across four seasons.Fifty‐four women ages 40‐60 y completed the MFES four times in one year, once each season, and online diet recalls every 10 days. Participants were classified as physical, environmental/social, or emotional eaters. Seasonal differences in MFES subscale mean scores were tested using a mixed linear model and a multi‐level model was used to predict energy intake across the seasons.Sixty‐five percent of women were primarily categorized as physical eaters, 30% as environmental/social eaters and only 6% as emotional eaters. There was no difference in mean yearly energy intake between physical and environmental/social eaters (P = 0.21). Seasonally, only the emotional eating subscale varied significantly and was greater in summer than in the winter (P = 0.002) or spring (P = 0.007) but it was not a significant predictor of energy intake (P = 0.96); nor was the physical subscale (P = 0.30). The environmental/social subscale was positively associated with energy intake across seasons (P = 0.008).Over one‐third of participants were influenced by environmental/social or emotional reasons for eating. The lack of association between MFES categories and energy intake may be due to variability within the subscales. Examining changes in subscales, not dominant categories, may be a better indicator of seasonal differences in motivation for eating and dietary intake.Support: USDA‐ARS 3062‐51000‐051‐00D.
Seafood Intake of US Adults
Authors: Jahns Lisa , Raatz Susan , Johnson LuAnn , Kranz Sibylle , Silverstein Jeffrey , Picklo Matthew 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCurrent federal dietary guidance recommends regular consumption of seafood (fish + shellfish) for health; however, little is known about how well Americans meet guidelines, particularly population subgroups.Objectives:To describe prevalence of seafood consumption and, among consumers, amounts of any seafood, fish, and shellfish eaten by subgroups of Americans (sex, age group, income and education level, and race‐ethnicity). Seafood intake was also compared to federal guidance.Methods:Data from the WWEIA, NHANES survey years 2005‐2010 were analyzed using logistic regression to test whether consumers (%) varied within subgroups. Usual intake methodology estimated amounts consumed and differences within subgroups were tested using Z‐tests.Results:Of US adults 19+, 84% reported consuming seafood over the past 30 days, 74% reported fish, and 54% reported shellfish. Younger age and lower income and education levels were associated with lower odds of being a seafood consumer (P < 0.0001). In seafood consumers, the average amount eaten was 22.6 ± 0.8 g/d. Women and individuals of lower age and education levels consumed less. Similar patterns were seen when subgroups were stratified by sex. 78% ‐ 92% of adults did not meet federal recommendations when estimated by energy requirements.ConclusionsAmericans have sub optimal levels of seafood intake; interventions to increase frequency and amount of seafood consumption, especially in the lowest‐consuming subgroups, are critically needed.This study was funded by USDA‐ARS 3062‐51000‐051‐00D and USDA‐NIFA AFRI 2014‐67017‐21758.
Novel Natural Compounds with Potential to Prevent and Treat Skeletal Muscle Atrophy
Authors: Torrent A , Montell E. , Vergés J. , Dalmau P. , Ruhí R. , Swiderski K. , Church J.E. , Baum D.M. , Lynch G.S. 
Published: June 2021

Objective:Chronic muscle inactivity and mechanical unloading (e.g. bed rest and cast immobilization) result in skeletal wasting and weakness. Muscle weakness is also an early and frequent finding in knee Osteoarthritis (OA) and is a risk factor of OA onset. There is a profound need to develop novel therapeutic strategies because current treatments are ineffective. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of two natural substances to combat muscle atrophy: an extract from rooster comb, IB0004 that contains mainly hyaluronic acid; and BIX003, another extract from porcine cartilage, rich in bioactive substances.Methods:An assay was performed to evaluate the potential to stimulate proliferation of murine C2C12 muscle cells. In another experiment, we evaluated whether IB0004 or BIX003 could prevent muscle atrophy (i.e. myotube thickness).Results:IB0004 and BIX003 exerted little effect on cell proliferation in 10% FBS growth serum, but they significantly stimulated proliferation in low‐serum media after 48 hours treatment (131% and 48% increase, respectively). In addition, treatments with either extract were able to counteract myotube atrophy when compared with the 0% control, as evident from prevention of the 20% reduction in myotube width.ConclusionThese data indicate that BIX003 and IB0004 have potential anabolic effects on muscle that could counteract cell atrophy under adverse conditions. Both preparations may have therapeutic potential for preventing atrophy in muscle wasting conditions such as disuse atrophy, sarcopenia, and other disorders. Further studies in animal models should be performed to confirm these results.
The Effect of Bisphosphonate Use on Coenzyme Q10 Serum Levels
Authors: Hirsh Steven , Huber Luke , Schmid Kira , Woolger Judith , Strum Stephen , Joyal Steven , Cohn‐Gelwasser Elisabeth 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIt has been proposed in the literature that the nitrogen‐containing bisphosphonates bind to and inhibit the activity of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS), a key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway for cholesterol and coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) synthesis. This suggests that bisphosphonate use may decrease serum levels of CoQ10.Objective:The aim of this case report analysis is to assess the effect of a bisphosphonate, alendronate sodium, on serum CoQ10 levels.Methods:7 participants diagnosed with osteoporosis were administered a single tablet of alendronate sodium 70mg once per week for 8 weeks. Assessment of serum CoQ10 concentrations were conducted at baseline, day 14, day 30 and day 60.Results:Statistical analysis was conducted for the 6 completing participants. Compared to baseline, there was a non‐significant mean decrease of 0.1400 mcg/ml in the CoQ10 level at day 14, a non‐significant mean increase of 0.1250 mcg/ml at day 30, and a statistically significant mean increase of 0.1900 mcg/ml at day 60.ConclusionThe results indicate that there was no decrease in the CoQ10 level as a result of bisphosphonate ingestion from day 1 to day 60. These results suggest inhibition of farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase by a nitrogen containing bisphosphonate (alendronate sodium) is limited in its inhibitory effect upon the pathway that leads to the synthesis of CoQ10.
Effect of Total Protein Intake on Bone Health in Overweight and Obese Adults Following a 36‐Week Exercise and Diet Intervention
Authors: Wright Christian , Weinheimer‐Haus Eileen , Campbell Wayne 
Published: June 2021

Dietary protein is an essential macronutrient required for proper skeletal growth and adaptation. However, controversy exists concerning the effects of higher total protein intake (TPro) on bone health, which may be associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD). This study investigated the effects of TPro (dietary intake + supplementation) and change in TPro (post‐pre) on BMD and bone mineral content (BMC; total body, total femur, femoral neck, and lumbar spine) in overweight and obese adults (N=113, age 50 ± 8 y, BMI 30.1 ± 2.9 kg/m2). This secondary analysis utilized data from a 36‐week intervention where participants consumed whey protein supplements (0g, 10g, 20g, and 30g consumed twice daily with breakfast and lunch) along with their otherwise unrestricted diet and performed exercise training (resistance 2 d/wk and aerobic 1 d/wk). Anticipated differences and trends in indices of bone health (BMD and BMC) were observed including lower BMD in women versus men and decreases in BMD over time in peri‐menopausal women. Using a multiple linear regression model, TPro (g•d‐1 or g•kg‐1•d‐1) and change in TPro (g•d‐1) were not associated with changes in total or regional BMD or BMC. Employing a cluster analysis approach (< 1.0 (n=41); 1.0‐1.2 (n=28); 蠅1.2 g•kg‐1•d‐1 (n=43)), TPro was also not associated with changes in total or regional BMD or BMC over time.Dietary protein did not negatively or beneficial affect bone health in overweight and obese adults during a 9‐month exercise intervention.Funding:U.S. Whey Protein Research Consortium (WWC),NIH T32AG025671 (EMWH), NIH UL1TR001108, and USDA NIFA #2011‐38420‐20038 (WWC)
Medicinal and Nutritional Plants in Rural Panama: Artisanal Lemongrass Tea has High Community Acceptability
Authors: van der Have Thomas , Bermudez Isaias , Kearney John , Bermudez Odilia 
Published: June 2021

Objective:To develop, following traditional systems, a nutritional and medicinal herbal tea and test its consumer acceptability by community residents from a rural community in Panama.Methods:Lemongrass leaves were dried with a solar dryer aimed to reach 70% or more of moisture reduction. Dried leaves were packaged into tea bags with net weight of 5g. With the participation of 15 adults (9 men), residents of the community of El Cacao, Capira, Panama, the final product was tested and compared to a commercial lemongrass tea for its organoleptic features and acceptability. We used a standard questionnaire for this evaluation.Results:Fresh leaves were gathered, cleaned and chopped into sections of 10–15cm. Moisture reduction of 75% was achieved in only one day with the solar oven reaching temperatures of 95–122°F. The leaves were cut into shorter sections and manually packaged into tea bags of 5g. Product evaluation is performed by a testing session with recruited volunteers. Based on the assessment of the organoleptic characteristics, the final product retained higher levels of aroma and color as compared to the commercial tea. 14 out of 15 respondents preferred the artisanal tea.ConclusionsUsing solar energy, we achieved the needed moisture reduction in a much shorter time as traditionally done with open sun exposure. The development and acceptability of an artisanal tea based on a plant of high local cultural value is a contribution to the growing interest in Panama to raise awareness on the importance of use of their ethno‐botanical resources and traditions.
Delta‐6 Desaturase Substrate Competition between 16:0 and 18:2n‐6 or 18:3n‐3 May Limit the Accumulation of 16:1n‐10
Authors: Park Hui Gyu , Kothapalli Kumar , Park Woo Jung , Lawrence Peter , Liu Lei , Brenna J.Thomas 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThe FADS2 gene codes for protein that mediates fatty acid desaturation of at least nine substrates. Among these are 16:0, 18:2n‐6, and 18:3n‐3. Desaturation of 16:0 yields sapienic acid, the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid on human skin. Competition for delta‐6 desaturase (D6D) activity among these substrates is poorly understood. Our main objective was to test competition for D6D among these fatty acids using human cells expressing FADS2.Methods.MCF‐7 cells stably expressing FADS2 were created using pcDNA3.1 expression vector system. Stable FADS2 cells at confluence were treated with albumin‐bound fatty acid substrates (16:0, 18:2n‐6, 18:3n‐3), empty vector cells were used as controls. 16:0 levels were fixed at 50 uM, while 18:2n‐6 or 18:3n‐3 levels varied from low to high (0 uM, 20 uM, 50 uM and 100 uM). Cells were harvested after 24 hours, FAME prepared and analyzed by GC‐FID.Positive structural assignments were made by covalent adduct chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry (CACI‐MS/MS).Results.Increasing availability of 18:2n‐6 or 18:3n‐3 resulted in decreased bioconversion of 16:0 to 16:1n‐10, simultaneously increasing the levels of HUFA precursors (18:3n‐6 and 20:3n‐6 or 18:4n‐3 and 20:4n‐3).ConclusionOur study shows existence of competition between 16:0 and 18:2n‐6 or 18:3n‐3 for accessing D6D. Increasing EFA substrate availability may limit accumulation of 16:1n‐10 in MCF7 cells.
PDE5 Inhibition with Sildenafil Blocks Induction of Carboxylesteras3 and Reduces Cell Necrosis and Autophagy in Acute Alcohol‐Induced Injury in Heart
Authors: Samidurai Arun , Xi Lei , Das Anindita , Salloum Fadi , Omar Salma , Kukreja Rakesh 
Published: June 2021

Objective:Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE) are esterified products of alcohol that can cause severe damage to tissue organs and are mediators of ethanol‐induced cytotoxic effects. The mechanism that underlie the onset, progression and severity of alcohol toxicity are poorly understood. Carboxylesterase3 (CES3) is an enzyme responsible for esterification of fatty acids and drugs. We hypothesized that CES3 may be involved in metabolizing alcohol and lead to cell injury.Methods and Results:Rat cardiac myoblast cells (H9C2) were treated with ethanol (100mM) or ethanol with sildenafil (1 µM) for 24hrs. Adult male 12‐14 weeks old FVB mice were randomized to receive saline (0.2 ml; i.p, n =3) or Alcohol (1.5 g/ BID; i.p, n=3) or alcohol with sildenafil (0.7mg/kg/day; i.p, n=3) for 3 days.Treatment of H9C2 cells with 100mM ethanol significantly increased the necrosis of cells (41.1 % vs 3.5 % control), whereas sildenafil treatment lowered cell death (17.9 % vs 41.1 % alcohol). CES‐3 protein level was increased 2 fold both in H9c2 cells and in acute ethanol treated mice. Moreover Beclin‐1, an inducer of autophagy was also significantly up‐ regulated upon alcohol treatment in H9C2 cells. Sildenafil treatment prevented the induction of CES3 both in H9C2 cells and in mice.ConclusionTherapeutic intervention using sildenafil can prevent the formation of esters by decreasing CES3 in heart and thus can decrease necrosis and autophagy. Our data reports a novel role of CES3 and a new mechanism in which sildenafil can protect heart from acute alcohol injury. This study was supported in part by grants from National Institutes of Health (HL51045, HL79424, HL118808 to RCK).
Linking national data on food availability and child nutrition outcomes in 45 less developed countries to identify appropriate amounts of foods in national supplies
Authors: Arsenault Joanne , Hijmans Robert 
Published: June 2021

Animal‐source foods provide nutrients for growth and diet diversity of young children, but the optimal proportion of energy intake from these foods is uncertain. We calculated the percentage of energy per capita from animal‐source (%AF) and staple cereal and tuber (%CT) foods in national food supplies of 45 less developed countries (LDC) in Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America using FAO food availability data. We extracted child stunting prevalence data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) and calculated dietary diversity scores (DDS) of child diets from DHS data using 7 food groups. We examined relations between %AF (and %CT) and stunting and DDS using correlational and linear regression analysis and predicted the %AF and %CT to meet desirable nutrition outcomes (< 20% stunting prevalence and DDS 蠅 4). The mean (SD) %AF, %CT, % stunted, and DDS were 9 (6), 59 (12), 32 (12), and 3 (0.8), respectively. %AF was inversely related to stunting (r= ‐0.59, p<0.0001) and positively related to DDS (r= 0.63, p<0.0001). %CT was related positively to stunting (r=0.70, p<0.0001) and inversely to DDS (r= ‐0.58, p<0.0001). From predicted regression equations, 19 and 23 %AF corresponded to desired levels of stunting and DDS, respectively; and 43 and 32 %CT corresponded to desired levels of stunting and DDS, respectively. Although an upper limit of %AF to minimize chronic disease risk should also be identified, these analyses demonstrate that shifts in food supplies towards ~19 %AF could improve child nutrition outcomes in LDC and this information could be used to help inform national agricultural policy.Funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation grant #OPP1099842.
Maternal knowledge and attitudes in relation to complementary feeding initiation in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Owais Aatekah , Kleinbaum David , Suchdev Parminder , Faruque Abu Syed , Das Sumon , Stein Aryeh 
Published: June 2021

Inappropriate complementary feeding (CF) practices are common in Bangladesh. To identify predictors of the timing of introduction of solid/semi‐solid/soft foods (CF initiation) in rural Bangladesh, we prospectively interviewed 2073 pregnant women at 28 weeks' pregnancy and at postnatal months 3 and 9. We assessed CF knowledge and attitudes at the 3 mo visit. CF initiation was characterized as early (蠄4 mo), timely (5‐6 mo) or late (蠅7 mo), based on maternal recall at the 9 mo visit. We used polytomous logistic regression, adjusted for SES, infant gender, maternal age, literacy and parity. Timely CF initiation was referent. CF initiation was early for 7%, timely for 49%, and late for 44% of infants. Only 19% of mothers knew the recommended CF initiation age. Knowledge and attitudes tertiles were 0 – 7, 8 – 9, and 10 – 15, and 19 – 29, 30, and 31 – 39, respectively. Mothers with the lowest knowledge tertile were more likely to initiate early CF compared to those with the highest tertile (aOR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.3 – 0.9). Mothers with the highest attitudes tertile were more likely to initiate late CF compared to those with the lowest tertile (aOR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0 – 1.6). Multiparous mothers were significantly less likely to initiate timely CF compared to those with 1 child (early vs. timely aOR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.1; late vs. timely aOR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.7). SES, infant gender, maternal age and literacy were not associated with age at CF initiation. Efforts discouraging early CF initiation have been successful but late introduction of foods is still widely prevalent in Bangladesh. Interventions to improve infant nutrition need to promote timely CF initiation.
Greater Total Fluid Intake Is Associated with Better Mood in a Cross‐sectional Cohort of Healthy Adults
Authors: BOTTIN Jeanne , LEMETAIS Guillaume , PICARD Pascaline , JIMENEZ Liliana , PERRIER Erica 
Published: June 2021

ObjectivePrevious research has shown that dehydration is associated with impairment of mood. However, the effect of habitual total fluid intake (TFI) on mood in a population of adults with a wide range of TFI remains to be clarified.We evaluated the association between TFI and mood, task difficulty, concentration, thirst, and headaches in a cross‐sectional cohort of healthy adults. We hypothesized that greater TFI would be associated with better mood outcomes.MethodsSedentary free‐living healthy adults (n=82, mean age=23.6±2.9 years, mean BMI=22.2±1.5kg/m2) with a wide range of TFI (50 to 200% of EFSA recommendations) were recruited to take part in this study. Participants were asked to avoid engaging in physical activity and to maintain their normal food and fluid intake for 3 days during which food and TFI were recorded at home using an e‐diary (NutriSaas‐24WQ‐waters; MXS, France). Mean TFI ranged from 0.687 to 4.35L/day. On the third day, participants completed 6 questionnaires including the Profile of Mood State, Bond and Lader, emotional VAS, task difficulty and concentration VAS, sleep VAS, and thirst and headache VAS. Spearman or Pearson's correlations adjusted on sex between TFI and questionnaire scores were calculated.ResultsGreater TFI was significantly correlated with POMS score of vigor (r=0.334, p=0.002), anger (r=‐0.228, p=0.04) and total mood disturbance (r=‐0.284, p=0.01), with Bond and Lader scores of alertness (r=‐0.239, p=0.032) and contentedness (r=‐0.292, p=0.008), and with score of emotional VAS (r=0.310, p=0.005).ConclusionIndividuals with greater TFI felt happier, more contented and less angry, more alert and vigorous, and more generally in better mood.This study was funded by Danone Research, France.