bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tracing the influence of extra‐framework cations on N2 and O2 adsorption characteristics under plateau environment by GCMC simulations
Authors: Zhang Chenxu , Zhai Mingming , Liu Juan , Li Yuanzhe , Xie Kangning , Guo Wei , Hu Yanfei , Luo Erping , Tang Chi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPressure swing adsorption (PSA) coupling with molecular sieves, especially the Li low silica X (Li‐LSX) zeolite, adsorption technology is widely used in O2 generator instrument under plateau environment. However, the studies of N2 and O2 adsorption and separation properties on zeolite under plateau environment are still obscure to date. In this work, the influence of N2 and O2 adsorptions on the LSX zeolites in harsh plateau environment (3000 ‐ 5000 m) was investigated by Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. Three kinds of LSX zeolites including Li‐LSX, Ag‐LSX and LiCa‐LSX were taken into consideration. The simulation results indicate that the adsorption amount and affinity of both N2 and O2 elevate with the increasing altitude and following the order of Ag‐LSX > Li‐LSX > LiCa‐LSX. The N2 adsorption was dominated over all three LSX zeolites, leaving O2 much easier to permeate through the LSX zeolites. The isosteric adsorption heat and adsorption density results further proved that N2 and O2 have extremely different adsorption strategies. Moreover, the selectivity and separation coefficients based on ideal adsorption solution theory (IAST) were calculated from GCMC simulations, and the results indicate Ag‐LSX has the highest diffusion selectivity and the steadiest diffusion coefficient among the three LSX zeolites. These findings may contribute to the N2/O2 separation molecular sieves for plateau applications by tailoring the LSX zeolite with different extra‐framework cations.
Getting Unstuck with Internationalization at Home: Seizing the Post-pandemic Moment
Authors: Green Madeleine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs I write this essay in late May 2020, the higher education press is blanketed by debate about the enduring changes brought on by COVID-19. Some maintain that the pandemic has already triggered disruptive changes, such as the quick move to online learning and variations in the academic calendar. They speculate that these shifts will endure after the crisis passes. Others predict a shift in the landscape of higher education. In countries with a private higher education sector that is highly dependent on tuition revenue, a substantial number may close, and the resulting landscape will be dominated by stronger, richer institutions. One estimate is that 20% of private institutions in the United States will close (Wescott 2020).
70 Years of Internationalization in Tertiary Education: Changes, Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: de Wit Hans , Altbach Philip 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInternationalization as a concept and strategic agenda is a relatively new, broad, and varied phenomenon in tertiary education, driven by a dynamic combination of political, economic, sociocultural, and academic rationales and stakeholders. Its impact on regions, countries, and institutions varies according to their particular contexts. Mobility, also known as “internationalization abroad,” is the most referred to activity in internationalization and takes in itself a great variety of forms. Curriculum and global professional and citizenship development, also referred to as “internationalization at home,” is the other key component of internationalization. It receives increased attention, but still less than mobility.
The Evolution of Higher Education Collaboration in the Arctic Through Networking
Authors: Snellman Outi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAcademic collaboration across the Arctic region—the eight nations bordering the Arctic Circle (United States, Russia, Canada, Denmark/Greenland, Finland, Norway, Sweden and Iceland)—was extremely difficult and restricted during the Cold War years, despite efforts like the establishment of UNESCO and, indeed, the International Association of Universities. Issues and problems, however, do not respect national boundaries: for example, the emergence of massive environmental problems across borders in the region became quite clear during the 1980s. The iron curtain was successful in restricting the movement of people and ideas, but not pollutants.
Higher Education and Public Good in East and West
Authors: Marginson Simon , Yang Lili 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe 70th year of the IAU has been marked not only by the Covid-19 pandemic but by the geopolitical tension between the United States and China. After almost four decades of cooperation, which began in shared opposition to Soviet Russia and a shared interest in China’s modernisation, the leaders of each country have become strident critics of the other. The escalating war of words has led to disruptions in trade, communications and visas and now threatens the vast and fruitful cooperation between universities and researchers. Much is at stake. Many US universities are in China, such as Stanford with its state-of-the-art centre at Peking University and NYU with a branch campus in Shanghai. Chinese universities benefit from visits in both directions, from bench-marking using American partner templates and from the return of US-trained doctoral graduates. US-China links in science are focused on crucial areas like biomedicine and epidemiology, planetary science and ecology, engineering, materials, energy, cybernetics.
University Leadership: Slippage from Abiding to Peremptory Roles?
Authors: Levy Daniel C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOur university leadership strongly encourages you to attend today’s session on _____. This topic is of the utmost importance to us all.” Such urging populates the Inboxes of faculty, workers, and students at U.S. universities. They come from presidents, vice-presidents, deans, directors of diversity and inclusion offices, coordinators of training and development, and subordinates in the enlarging bureaucracy mobilized to support this leadership. Seminars train employees with “best practices” to improve their “cultural competencies” and correct their deficiencies. Meanwhile, senior administration’s moral purview extends to pronouncements on the political controversies of the day. Taken together, these internal and external roles mark huge scope for university leadership. Since when? Who signed such a contract when hired as faculty or paying tuition?
The Promise of Education: The Future
Authors: Escalante Semerena Roberto 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUniversities and higher education institutions (HEIs) have always been key actors in society. Their capacity for knowledge production, their constant enquiry into new possibilities of approaching reality and its problems, and their critical thinking have always been highly valued by society. Universities have always accompanied society in its development and will continue doing so. They are a public good and a social right. Society requires a safe space where the freedom to think and freedom of speech exist to reflect on and serve society’s needs. This is why society has granted universities the autonomy to organize and govern themselves, with the sole condition being that universities commit to giving back to society the results of the knowledge they generate.
A Personal View on Two Decades of Recent IAU History
Authors: Egron-Polak Eva 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is customary to share the successes and joys with those who are celebrating an anniversary. Looking back at my own relatively long history with the IAU, I am tempted to do the same. Yet, there were both highs and lows during these nearly two decades, and a sense of satisfaction with achievements was often coupled with frustration as well. Despite these sentiments, I, and nearly all the leaders of the IAU, continue to share an unwavering belief that if the association did not exist, it would be invented. This is so, not only because there is a real need for such an organization, but also because of what IAU has contributed to the world of higher education over the seven decades it has existed. My brief note will highlight some of these sources of satisfaction and share the obstacles and difficulties encountered along the way as well.
The Abel map for surface singularities III: Elliptic germs
Authors: Nagy János , Némethi András 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present note is part of a series of articles targeting the theory of Abel maps associated with complex normal surface singularities with rational homology sphere links (Nagy and Némethi in Math Annal 375(3):1427–1487, 2019; Nagy and Némethi in Adv Math 371:20, 2020; Nagy and Némethi in Pure Appl Math Q 16(4):1123–1146, 2020). Besides the general theory, by the study of specific families we wish to show the power of this new method. Indeed, using the general theory of Abel maps applied for elliptic singularities in this note we are able to prove several key properties for elliptic singularities (e.g. the statements of the next paragraph), which by ‘old’ techniques were not reachable. If $$({\widetilde{X}},E)\rightarrow (X,o)$$

(

X
~

,
E
)

→

(
X
,
o
)

is the resolution of a complex normal surface singularity and $$c_1:{\mathrm{Pic}}({\widetilde{X}})\rightarrow H^2({\widetilde{X}},{\mathbb {Z}})$$

c
1

:
Pic

(

X
~

)

→

H
2

(

X
~

,
Z
)

is the Chern class map, then $${\mathrm{Pic}}^{l'}({\widetilde{X}}):= c_1^{-1}(l')$$

Pic

l
′

(

X
~

)

:
=

c
1

-
1

(

l
′

)

has a (Brill–Noether type) stratification $$W_{l', k}:= \{{\mathcal {L}}\in {\mathrm{Pic}}^{l'}({\widetilde{X}})\,:\, h^1({\mathcal {L}})=k\}$$

W

l
′

,
k

:
=

{
L
∈

Pic

l
′

(

X
~

)

:

h
1

(
L
)

=
k
}

. In this note we determine it for elliptic singularities together with the stratification according to the cycle of fixed components. E.g., we show that the closure of any $$W(l',k)$$

W
(

l
′

,
k
)

is an affine subspace. For elliptic singularities we also characterize the End Curve Condition and Weak End Curve Condition in terms of the Abel map, we provide several characterization of them, and finally we show that they are equivalent.
Current and emerging artificial intelligence applications in chest imaging: a pediatric perspective
Authors: Schalekamp Steven , Klein Willemijn M. , van Leeuwen Kicky G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) applications for chest radiography and chest CT are among the most developed applications in radiology. More than 40 certified AI products are available for chest radiography or chest CT. These AI products cover a wide range of abnormalities, including pneumonia, pneumothorax and lung cancer. Most applications are aimed at detecting disease, complemented by products that characterize or quantify tissue. At present, none of the thoracic AI products is specifically designed for the pediatric population. However, some products developed to detect tuberculosis in adults are also applicable to children. Software is under development to detect early changes of cystic fibrosis on chest CT, which could be an interesting application for pediatric radiology. In this review, we give an overview of current AI products in thoracic radiology and cover recent literature about AI in chest radiography, with a focus on pediatric radiology. We also discuss possible pediatric applications.
Artificial intelligence for MRI diagnosis of joints: a scoping review of the current state-of-the-art of deep learning-based approaches
Authors: Fritz Benjamin , Fritz Jan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDeep learning-based MRI diagnosis of internal joint derangement is an emerging field of artificial intelligence, which offers many exciting possibilities for musculoskeletal radiology. A variety of investigational deep learning algorithms have been developed to detect anterior cruciate ligament tears, meniscus tears, and rotator cuff disorders. Additional deep learning-based MRI algorithms have been investigated to detect Achilles tendon tears, recurrence prediction of musculoskeletal neoplasms, and complex segmentation of nerves, bones, and muscles. Proof-of-concept studies suggest that deep learning algorithms may achieve similar diagnostic performances when compared to human readers in meta-analyses; however, musculoskeletal radiologists outperformed most deep learning algorithms in studies including a direct comparison. Earlier investigations and developments of deep learning algorithms focused on the binary classification of the presence or absence of an abnormality, whereas more advanced deep learning algorithms start to include features for characterization and severity grading. While many studies have focused on comparing deep learning algorithms against human readers, there is a paucity of data on the performance differences of radiologists interpreting musculoskeletal MRI studies without and with artificial intelligence support. Similarly, studies demonstrating the generalizability and clinical applicability of deep learning algorithms using realistic clinical settings with workflow-integrated deep learning algorithms are sparse. Contingent upon future studies showing the clinical utility of deep learning algorithms, artificial intelligence may eventually translate into clinical practice to assist detection and characterization of various conditions on musculoskeletal MRI exams.
Thyroid dysfunction in cerebral venous thrombosis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fandler-Höfler Simon , Pilz Stefan , Ertler Marion , Haidegger Melanie , Kneihsl Markus , Wünsch Gerit , Gary Thomas , Enzinger Christian , Gattringer Thomas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a multifactorial disease with a variety of related conditions and risk factors. Thyroid dysfunction—especially hyperthyroidism—has been linked to CVT, but this is mainly based on case reports ranging back to 1913, while systematic investigations addressing this issue are lacking. Therefore, we investigated the frequency and clinical characteristics of thyroid dysfunction in a large single-center cohort of CVT patients.

Methods
We retrospectively identified all consecutive patients with aseptic CVT treated at our center between 2006 and 2020. Clinical information was extracted from our electronic medical documentation system. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) had been routinely measured at admission, free thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies were analyzed whenever available.

Results
Of 120 patients with imaging-confirmed CVT, our main analysis included 107 patients (mean age 42 ± 16 years, 74% female) in whom TSH measurements were available. Nineteen patients (17.8%, 95% confidence interval 10–25%) had thyroid dysfunction. Two had newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism (1.9%, 95% confidence interval 0–4%) caused by Graves’ disease, but without typical symptoms for this condition. Seventeen patients (15.9%, 95% confidence interval 9–23%) had hypothyroidism (12 previously diagnosed with ongoing thyroid hormone replacement therapy; 5 with newly diagnosed subclinical hypothyroidism). Clinical CVT characteristics were similar comparing patients with versus without thyroid dysfunction.

Conclusion
We observed a remarkably high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in CVT patients. Whether this finding reflects a causal relationship warrants further studies. Despite that, the frequent coexistence of both diseases argues for TSH screening in CVT patients.
High rate of clinically unrecognized SARS-CoV-2 infections in pediatric palliative care patients
Authors: Bötticher Benedikt , Dinkelbach Lars , Hillebrecht Martina , Adams Ortwin , Dechert Oliver , Trocan Laura , Neubert Jennifer , Borkhardt Arndt , Janßen Gisela 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLittle is known about the frequency and clinical course of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in pediatric patients with severe comorbidities. In this prospective cross-sectional trial, the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2-IgG in patients with life-limiting conditions being treated by a large specialized pediatric palliative home-care team was determined. In order to gain insight into the infection chain, close contacts of seropositive patients were also included in the study. We analyzed the sera of 39 patients and found a 25.6% seroprevalence for SARS-CoV-2. No SARS-CoV-2 infections were known prior to the study. No significant difference was found in the symptom load between seropositive and seronegative patients during the risk period for SARS-CoV-2 infections. Of the 20 close contacts tested, only one was seropositive for SARS-CoV-2.Conclusions: Our results indicate a substantially high prevalence of silent SARS-CoV-2 infections in pediatric palliative care patients. Surprisingly, no severe outcomes were seen in this fragile patient collective with severe comorbidities. The chain of infection and thus the reason for the high frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infections in pediatric palliative care patients remain unclear.

What is Known:•Even though severe disease courses of COVID-19 have been reported in children, there are yet no established risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric patients.

What is New:•In this cross-sectional seroprevalence study of palliative pediatric patients with severe life-limiting conditions, a high rate of seropositive patients (25.6%) was found.•Surprisingly, all seropositive patients were previously unrecognized, despite the severe comorbidities of our collective.
Flowering and quality of seeds and pollen in endangered populations of Betula humilis
Authors: Bona Agnieszka , Kłosowski Stanisław , Jadwiszczak Katarzyna A. , Petrova Galya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractKey messageLowered pollen and seed quality ofB. humiliscompared to its widespread tree relatives may threaten its populations at the southwestern edge of the species range.AbstractInability to produce vital propagules is the main threat to the persistence of rare plants at the edges of species distribution. In the present investigation, factors responsible for the low germinability of shrub birch (Betula humilis) seeds in the peripheral populations were analysed. As shrub birch populations are found in phosphorus (P)-limited peatlands with high groundwater levels, the impact of groundwater PO43−ion contents and groundwater table forB. humilisflowering was also studied. Qualities of theB. humilisseeds and pollen were compared to those of tree congeners silver birch (B. pendula) and downy birch (B. pubescens), which usually represent a high reproductive performance. We revealed that the poor germination ability ofB. humilisseeds was caused by the high proportions of empty seeds (44.8%) and seeds with partially developed embryos (47.3%). The insufficient numbers of viable seeds may be a consequence of low-quality shrub birch pollen, as only 1.6% of pollen grains sprouted. The germinability of shrub birch pollen was significantly lower than that ofBetulatree pollen; thus, there is a risk of pollination ofB. humilisfemale flowers by pollen grains of tree birches. Positive relationships between the P concentrations in seeds and seed germinability were revealed in tree birches, but not inB. humilis.The availability of PO43−ions in the groundwater did not affectB. humilisflowering, but male inflorescences were more numerous in stands with higher groundwater levels. Consequently, the maintenance of peatlands is crucial for the efficient sexual reproduction of shrub birches.
Perioperative use of intra-articular steroids during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jou Eric , Zhou Andrew Kailin , Ho Jamie Sin Ying , Thahir Azeem 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
There are growing concerns with the widely used glucocorticoids during the Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic due to the associated immunosuppressive effects, which may increase the risk of COVID-19 infection and worsen COVID-19 patient outcome. Heavily affecting orthopaedics, the pandemic led to delay and cancellation of almost all surgical cases, and procedures including perioperative intra-articular corticosteroid injections (ICIs) saw similar decreases. However, the benefits of ICI treatments during the pandemic may outweigh these potential risks, and their continued use may be warranted.

Methods
A literature search was conducted, and all relevant articles including original articles and reviews were identified and considered in full for inclusion, and analysed with expert opinion. Epidemiological statistics and medical guidelines were consulted from relevant authorities.

Results
ICIs allow a targeted approach on the affected joint and are effective in reducing pain while improving functional outcome and patient quality-of-life. ICIs delay the requirement for surgery, accommodating for the increased healthcare burden during the pandemic, while reducing postoperative hospital stay, bringing significant financial benefits. However, ICIs can exert systemic effects and suppress the immune system. ICIs may increase the risk of COVID-19 infection and reduce the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccinations, leading to important public health implications.

Conclusion
Perioperative ICI treatments may bring significant, multifaceted benefits during the pandemic. However, ICIs increase the risk of infection, and perioperative COVID-19 is associated with mortality. The use of ICIs during the COVID-19 pandemic should therefore be considered carefully on an individual patient basis, weighing the associated risks and benefits.
Brain infarctions after glioma surgery: prevalence, radiological characteristics and risk factors
Authors: Strand Per S. , Berntsen Erik M. , Fyllingen Even H. , Sagberg Lisa M. , Reinertsen Ingerid , Gulati Sasha , Bouget David , Solheim Ole 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Prevalence, radiological characteristics, and risk factors for peritumoral infarctions after glioma surgery are not much studied. In this study, we assessed shape, volume, and prevalence of peritumoral infarctions and investigated possible associated factors.

Methods
In a prospective single-center cohort study, we included all adult patients operated for diffuse gliomas from January 2007 to December 2018. Postoperative infarctions were segmented using early postoperative MRI images, and volume, shape, and location of postoperative infarctions were assessed. Heatmaps of the distribution of tumors and infarctions were created.

Results
MRIs from 238 (44%) of 539 operations showed restricted diffusion in relation to the operation cavity, interpreted as postoperative infarctions. Of these, 86 (36%) were rim-shaped, 103 (43%) were sector-shaped, 40 (17%) were a combination of rim- and sector-shaped, and six (3%) were remote infarctions. Median infarction volume was 1.7 cm3 (IQR 0.7–4.3, range 0.1–67.1). Infarctions were more common if the tumor was in the temporal lobe, and the map shows more infarctions in the periventricular watershed areas. Sector-shaped infarctions were more often seen in patients with known cerebrovascular disease (47.6% vs. 25.5%, p = 0.024). There was a positive correlation between infarction volume and tumor volume (r = 0.267, p < 0.001) and infarction volume and perioperative bleeding (r = 0.176, p = 0.014). Moreover, there was a significant positive association between age and larger infarction volumes (r = 0.193, p = 0.003). Infarction rates and infarction volumes varied across individual surgeons, p = 0.037 (range 32–72%) and p = 0.026.

Conclusions
In the present study, peritumoral infarctions occurred in 44% after diffuse glioma operations. Infarctions were more common in patients operated for tumors in the temporal lobe but were not more common following recurrent surgeries. Sector-shaped infarctions were more common in patients with known cerebrovascular disease. Increasing age, larger tumors, and more perioperative bleeding were factors associated with infarction volumes. The risk of infarctions and infarction volumes may also be surgeon-dependent.