bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haematology and Serum Biomakers of Broiler Birds Fed Graded Levels of Clove (Sygzium aromaticum (L.) Buds Meal in Semi Arid Nigeria
Authors: Usman H. B. , Aljameel K. M. , Mika’ilu M. M. , Maigandi S. A. , Sanusi A. Z. , Ibrahim S. 
Published: October 2021

The study investigated the effect of graded levels of cloves bud powder on broiler birds. The study was conducted using a total of 288 broiler birds in a Completely Randomized Design Four treatments; four experimental diets where formulated and designated as T1 (control), T2 (0.5kg/100kg), T3 (1Kg/100kg) and T4 (1.5kg/100Kg). At the end of the feeding trial (eighth week), fifteen birds (5 per replicate) from each treatment group were randomly selected for blood collection. About 2ml of blood were collected per bird. Birds in treatment 4 (1.5kg/100kg) had the highest (P<0.05) concentration of haemoglobin and PCV compared to treatment 1 (control) and 3 (1kg/100kg). Significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in albumin, globulin, total protein, HDL, cholesterol, urea, AST and ALT. The result shows that birds fed 1.5/100kg clove buds meal have higher albumin, globulin and total protein. The study conclude that inclusion of clove buds meal up to 1.5/100kg in diet of broiler birds without adverse effect as in indicated by haematological and serum biochemical of the birds in this study.
Freundlich and Langmuir Isotherm Studies of Phosphorus Sorption unto Soils Derived from Basement Complex Rock, Alluvium, Coastal Plain Sand and Shale Parent Materials
Authors: Emomu Adams , Ehis-Iyoha Esohe , Ochuko Ufinomue Emmanuel , Okpo Odidi Donald , Amen Ighedosa Sandra 
Published: October 2021

To provide information on best model to predict Phosphorus (P) Sorption unto Soils derived from Basement Complex Rock, Alluvium, Coastal Plain Sand and Imo Shale Parent Materials in 3 states of Nigeria. Completely randomized design was used to collect surface soil samples in 3 replications from 4 locations in Nigeria.
Samples were collected from Idanre, Koko, NIFOR and Uhonmora in Ondo, Delta and Edo states Nigeria, laboratory analysis was carried out in the Central analytical laboratory of Nigerian Institute for Oil-Palm Research (NIFOR) Benin City, Nigeria between march 2016 and September 2017.
Soil samples were equilibrated in 25 ml of 0.01 M CaCl2 containing various concentration of P as KH2PO4 to give 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 mg/L P for 24 hours (h) at room temperature 25 ± 2oC. 3 drops of CHCl3 was added to inhibit P mineralization. The suspension was shaken for 24 h on a reciprocating mechanical shaker, centrifuged at 7000 rpm After equilibration, decanted and P determined using spectrophotometer. The sorption data were fitted to linear Freundlich and Langmuir sorption isotherm.
Considering the Freundlich model, P adsorption capacity (a) and P sorption energy (n) was highest in soils B (1400 mg kg-1) and (2.806 L kg-1) respectively. The Freundlich model fitted better to the data obtained with average root mean square error (RMSE) and R2 value of 0.69 and 0.951 respectively, as against average RMSE and R2 value of 1.60 and 0.883 respectively obtained from Langmuir model.
The sorption data fitted well to Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms of which Freundlich Adsorption model was found to be better based on lowest RMSE (0.69) and highest regression (R2 = 0.951) value. Freundlich model should be adopted to determine P sorption characteristics of the soils studied. These predictors, however, need further works to validate reliability.
The Association of Initial Viral Load among COVID-19 Patients with Sociodemographic Characteristics and Travel History in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2020
Authors: Kareem Mohammed Abdul-Aziz , Ghamdi Amal Hassan Al 
Published: October 2021

Background: Since declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic; researchers are trying to find out the clues for determining spread and transmission of the disease. Although viral load had been used for assessing severity, progress and transmissibility of the disease, yet, little is known about all factors associated with its changes. This study aims to explore the association of initial viral load among COVID-19 patients with sociodemographic characteristics and travel history.
Subjects and Methods: Through a record based retrospective study, laboratory confirmed cases in the period from 7th March to 31st May 2020 were included in the study (n=381); The dependent variable was the recorded viral load measured in Ct count; while the dependent variables included socio-demographic characteristics of the patients and travel history. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social sciences (SPSS) version 21. Student t test and ANOVA test were used and P value less <0.05 was considered as a level of significance.
Results: Out of all respondents (n=381), there was dominance of male cases (74.0%) over females (26.0%). The great majority (83.5%) were primarily classified as being cases, while the rest were contacts (16.5%). Most of them were symptomatic (82.9%); mainly cough (44.4%), fever (41.2%), sore throat (22.0%) and runny nose (13.1%). Fifteen percent of the respondents reported that they had travelled abroad before coming back to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and discovered as positive for COVID-19.The mean vial load was higher in males (26.2±5.55), older cases (26.5±5.39), Saudis (26.4±5.58) and health care workers (26.9±6.32), nevertheless, these differences are not statistically significant p>0.05.There was no statistically significant difference in the viral load between symptomatic and asymptomatic cases (26.0±5.48 vs 26.6±5.63) p>0.5. Nevertheless, viral load was significantly lower among those who had fever (25.2±5.70) and dyspnea (26.4±5.46) and those who reported that they did not travel abroad (29.1±4.97) p<0.05.
Conclusion and Recommendations: The current findings add more evidence to the assumption that it is likely that asymptomatic pre-symptomatic and symptomatic transmission is occurring and there is no difference between them in viral load whether they present as cases or contacts; therefore, the repeated assessment of viral load could be more valuable and informative for assessing progress of the COVID-19 on individual level rather than comparison between positive cases. Therefore, it is highly recommended to conduct further researches based on the changes of viral load along the course of the disease and find out the role of the demographic and clinical determinants on these changes.
An Overview of Analeptic Applications of Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Authors: Kwatra Bharat , Kaur Harsimran , Majumdar Joydip , Shah Mahek , Upadhyaya Mansi , Ahlawat Riya 
Published: October 2021

This article is an examination of the Analeptic Applications of Omega-3. The scientific development and subsequent clinical applications of Omega-3 in Healthcare continue to influence researchers all over the globe today. This article examines the research done and published by researchers and scientists. Consideration of current trends and data in scientific queries and demonstrates further aspects of the applications of Omega-3 on various health backgrounds, including.
Cardiovascular Health: The study addresses the comparison of Omega-3 and Omega-6 in cardiovascular diseases. Higher intake of dietary Omega-3 helps activation, inhibition, and alteration of metabolic and signaling pathways which is associated with better cardiovascular health, while Omega-6 decreases the risk of coronary heart diseases and cardiovascular disease mortality.
Immunology: Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFAs) have been found to show an anti-inflammatory effect in the body by downregulating the activation of various immune cells. They regulate immunological functions via eicosanoids and resolvins which are anti-inflammatory. External supplementation can reduce chronic and acute inflammation as well as reduce the chances of graft rejection. The regulatory effect is shown by modifying gene expression and/or signal transduction in human cells. They are also involved in altering the membrane composition of Fatty Acids(FA) and as a result, they affect the lipid raft structure and also membrane trafficking.
Joint Health: The study shows the effects of omega-3 and other fatty acid consumption in Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA), bone marrow lesions, and knee cartilage lesions. It notes the interrelations between synovitis, plasma levels of Omega-3 and Omega-6 PUFAs in OsteoArthritis (OA) patients along with risk factors for OA, which could help consider liable treatments for improvement of OA. The study highlights the importance of the Omega-6:Omega-3 PUFA ratio and clinical and functional outcome measures which can help us in better understanding the role of PUFAs and possible treatments for people with knee osteoarthritis while showing the effect of Omega-3 fatty acids on muscle health in RA.
Skin Disorders: Fish oils rich in PUFAs are reported to improve several inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. They have also been broadly reported as a potential supplement to ameliorate the severity of some skin disorders such as photoaging, skin cancer, allergy, dermatitis, cutaneous wounds, and melanogenesis. The significance of omega-3 in skin structure was proved by describing a syndrome caused by stringent fat reduction in the diet that leads to erythema with scaling, hair loss, itching, and increased water loss.
Antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative Bacteria in Urban Flies, and the Increased Risk Posed by Open-air Markets in Mexico City
Authors: F. Amábile-Cuevas Carlos , Romero-Romero Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Aims: Flies are known to spread antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), especially from farms to cities; but they may also play a role in the intra-urban dispersion of ARB, in conjunction with poor sanitary conditions. Here, we characterized gram-negative ARB isolated from urban flies (Lucilia and Sarcophaga spp.), and the co-relation with the periodic installation of two open-air markets in Mexico City.
Methodology: Forty-two flies were individually captured, and 116 gram-negatives (68 of them Escherichia coli) were isolated from them. Resistance prevalence, and the presence of class 1 integrons was assessed.
Results: The isolates were resistant to an average of 2.26 antibiotics (2.6 for E. coli), and 33% of E. coli isolates carried the intI1 gene. Thirteen percent of E. coli isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), all of them CTX-M, alone or, mostly, along TEM enzymes. Comparing data from market-free days vs. days when open-air markets were installed, the average number of resistance phenotypes per E. coli isolate went from 2.14 to 3.09; the number of resistance phenotypes per fly from 4.62 to 8.88; the average number of resistances per isolate per fly from 1.25 to 2.43; and the ESBL-producing carriage rate per fly from 0.08 to 0.38, respectively (P <.05). Other resistance parameters, were consistently higher among flies captured on market days, but differences were not significant.
Conclusion: Urban flies in Mexico City carry a high number of gram-negative ARB; the presence of open-air markets significantly increase the risk of fly-mediated ARB spreading to the neighboring areas.
Laparoscopic Partial Cecal Resection With an Endoscopic Linear Stapler in Complicated Appendicitis: A Single Center Experiences
Authors: Rhu Jiyoung , Song Byung Joo , Sung Kiyoung , Cho Jinbeom 
Published: October 2021

Introduction
It can be challenging to perform an appendectomy laparoscopically in patients with complicated appendicitis with severe inflammation or perforation of the appendix base. This study aimed to introduce a simple alternative surgical treatment that can be used safely in difficult appendectomy cases.

Case presentation
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 14 patients who underwent laparoscopic partial resection of the cecum with a linear stapler between January 2015 and December 2016 in our hospital. Fourteen patients were included in this study, and no surgical complications were observed. Enteral feeding was resumed on the third or fourth postoperative day, and the average length of hospital stay was 7.6 days (range, 5 to 12 days).

Conclusion
The results suggest that laparoscopic partial cecal resection with an endostapler is a safe, simple surgical procedure that can be a good alternative in patients with complicated appendicitis.
Child-Turcotte-Pugh Score as a Predictive Factor for Long-Term Survival After Repeat Hepatectomy for Recurrent Liver Metastases of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Bong Jun Woo , Joo Younuk , Seo Jihyun , Kang Sang Hee , Lee Sun Il , Park Pyoung-Jae , Choi Sae-Byeol , Min Byung Wook 
Published: October 2021

Objective
We aimed to evaluate the changes in liver function after repeat hepatectomy and their relationship with survival of patient with colorectal cancer.

Summary of Background Data
Repeat hepatectomy has been accepted as an effective treatment for recurrent liver metastases; however, how repeat hepatectomy changes the liver function during the follow-up period is not well understood.

Methods
Data regarding patients underwent R0 resections at initial hepatectomy for colorectal cancer with liver metastasis from 2012 to 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into groups according to the total number of hepatectomies. Overall survival and Child-Turcotte-Pugh score after hepatectomy were analyzed.

Results
Fifty-three patients underwent single hepatectomy and 37 patients underwent repeat hepatectomy. There was no significant difference in the overall survival rates between the 2 groups. At 27 months after the initial hepatectomy, mean Child-Turcotte-Pugh scores of patients with repeat hepatectomy started to become statistically higher than those of patients with single hepatectomy. Overall survival of patients who survived after 27 months from the initial hepatectomy showed a statistical difference between the 2 groups. The total number of liver metastases ≥ 4 and Child-Turcotte-Pugh score ≥ 6 at 27 months after the initial hepatectomy were significant risk factors for overall survival of patient who survived after 27 months from the initial hepatectomy.

Conclusions
Liver function after repeat hepatectomy can be deteriorated after a long-term period. Careful approach and continuous assessment of the liver function after hepatectomy are necessary to maintain long-term survival after repeat hepatectomy.
Impact of Procedure Time of Preceding Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection on the Difficulty of Laparoscopic Rectal Surgery
Authors: Nozawa Hiroaki , Kawai Kazushige , Sasaki Kazuhito , Emoto Shigenobu , Murono Koji , Sonoda Hirofumi , Ishii Hiroaki , Ishihara Soichiro 
Published: October 2021

Objetive:
In this study, we addressed which factors, including endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)–related parameters, affect the difficulty of laparoscopic rectal surgery.

Summary of background data:
Endoscopic treatment for gastrointestinal cancer can cause inflammation, edema, and fibrosis formation in the surrounding tissue. Recently, we reported that preceding endoscopic treatment increased the volume of intraoperative blood loss and slightly prolonged the operative time of laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer.

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed 24 consecutive patients who underwent ESD followed by laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer in our hospital. Short-term surgical outcomes were evaluated by intraoperative blood loss and operative time for laparoscopic surgery. The correlations between the surgical outcomes and preoperative parameter were analyzed by multiple linear regression analyses.

Results:
The patient cohort comprised 12 men and 12 women. The median distance between primary cancer and anal verge was 7 cm. The median procedure time of ESD was 120 minutes (21 available cases). Based on multiple linear regression analyses, the ESD procedure time (P = 0.007) and tumor location from the anal verge (P = 0.046) were independently predictive of intraoperative blood loss. On the other hand, only tumor location was found to be an independent predictor of surgical time (P = 0.014).

Conclusions:
A long session of ESD for rectal cancer may make subsequent laparoscopic surgery difficult based on intraoperative blood loss.
A Novel Modification of the Endorectal Advancement Flap for Complex Anal Fistulas: Surgical Technique and Outcomes
Authors: Al-Turaihi Hassan , Blears Elizabeth Ellen , Sugumar Kavin , Deshmukh Ganesh 
Published: October 2021

Objective
A modification of the endorectal advancement flap (EAF) procedure is described with outcomes in a single-center, large retrospective cohort study.

Summary of background data
Fistula-in-ano is a common problem encountered by surgeons that can be classified as either simple or complex. Complex fistulas (CFs) cause higher morbidity and are much more challenging to treat. Although numerous treatment options are available for CF, none are proven to be 100% effective. The endorectal advancement flap (EAF) procedure was developed as an alternative to conventional surgical treatments for CF.

Methods
Charts were reviewed of patients with CF who underwent EAF between 2004 and 2019. The conventional EAF procedure was modified by performing transverse imbrication of the internal sphincter over the internal fistula opening. The incidence of new-onset fecal incontinence and recurrence were analyzed at the last available date of in-person follow-up.

Results
With a median follow-up of 6.6 months (range, 3.3–24 months), 99 patients with CFs underwent a modified EAF. Of these, 93% (92 of 99) had resolution of fistula without adverse outcomes, 7% (7 of 99) experienced recurrence, and 1% (1 of 99) experienced new-onset fecal incontinence. Systemic steroid or immunomodulatory therapy use (P = 0.001) and patients with diagnosed inflammatory bowel disease (P &lt; 0.0001) were associated with increased rate of recurrence.

Conclusions
EAF with transverse imbrication of the internal opening using interrupted, absorbable suture is an effective technique to treat complex or recurrent anal fistulas. It is associated with a low risk of recurrence (7%) and fecal incontinence (1%) and is a valid treatment option for CFs.
QUANDO EU PERDI VOCÊ, GANHEI A APOSTA: AMOR E DESEJO NA NOVELA A DÓCIL, DE DOSTOIÉVSKI
Authors: Linhares Pereira Caciana , De Souza Ricardi Camila 
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho surgiu do desejo de, através da obra de Dostoiévski (1821-1881), fazer uso do laço fundado por Freud (1856-1939) entre a Psicanálise e a Literatura, seguindo o argumento que situa a Arte como produtora de testemunhos do inconsciente. Uma obra particular, A Dócil (1876), permitiu que apreendêssemos aspectos fundamentais do modo como desejo e amor podem se articular na neurose obsessiva. A contribuição que a Psicanálise aporta sobre o tema permitiu articular o texto literário à teoria e nesse percurso algo novo se produziu. O modo como a novela apresenta o desejo e o amor permite escutar um modo próprio que Freud já havia perscrutado na neurose obsessiva, mas, o que pareceu central foi perceber que o escritor segue uma ética que nos é familiar: aponta para a face negativa do desejo e ao impossível que atravessa a experiência amorosa.Palavras-chave: Dostoiévski. Amor. Desejo. Neurose Obsessiva.
Historical approach to evaluating productive cultural landscapes: A case study of Japanese vineyard landscapes
Authors: Kikuchi Yoshito 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCultural landscapes of vineyards and wineries are often evaluated based on their relationships to natural conditions or “terroir.” However, in vernacular evaluation, their meaning may need to be interpreted in the wider context of the region beyond the terroir. This study analyzes the historical development, including the land‐use transition of Katsunuma and other popular traditional viticulture and winemaking areas of Japan; An approach for evaluating such productive landscapes as cultural landscapes is discussed. We conclude that landscape formation based on viticulture and winemaking occurred during a very short period after World War II in the study areas. Thus, an approach to interpreting landscape different from that based on its relationship to the terroir is established. Production centers of commercial crops, such as fruit trees, do not necessarily develop because of compatibility with natural conditions. Thus, we consider the evaluation of productive landscapes as cultural landscapes to be an important perspective.
Implementation and validation of a beam‐current transformer on a medical pulsed electron beam LINAC for FLASH‐RT beam monitoring
Authors: Oesterle Roxane , Gonçalves Jorge Patrik , Grilj Veljko , Bourhis Jean , Vozenin Marie‐Catherine , Germond Jean‐François , Bochud François , Bailat Claude , Moeckli Raphaël 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeTo implement and validate a beam current transformer as a passive monitoring device on a pulsed electron beam medical linear accelerator (LINAC) for ultra‐high dose rate (UHDR) irradiations in the operational range of at least 3 Gy to improve dosimetric procedures currently in use for FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH‐RT) studies.MethodsTwo beam current transformers (BCTs) were placed at the exit of a medical LINAC capable of UHDR irradiations. The BCTs were validated as monitoring devices by verifying beam parameters consistency between nominal values and measured values, determining the relationship between the charge measured and the absorbed dose, and checking the short‐ and long‐term stability of the charge‐absorbed dose ratio.ResultsThe beam parameters measured by the BCTs coincide with the nominal values. The charge‐dose relationship was found to be linear and independent of pulse width and frequency. Short‐ and long‐term stabilities were measured to be within acceptable limits.ConclusionsThe BCTs were implemented and validated on a pulsed electron beam medical LINAC, thus improving current dosimetric procedures and allowing for a more complete analysis of beam characteristics. BCTs were shown to be a valid method for beam monitoring for UHDR (and therefore FLASH) experiments.
Aramid Nanofiber Membranes for Energy Harvesting from Proton Gradients
Authors: Chen Cheng , Yang Guoliang , Liu Dan , Wang Xungai , Kotov Nicholas A. , Lei Weiwei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHarvesting osmotic energy from industrial wastewater is an often‐overlooked source of electricity that can be used as a part of the comprehensive distributed energy systems. However, this concept requires, a new generation of inexpensive ion‐selective membranes that must withstand harsh chemical conditions with both high/low pH, have high temperature resilience, display exceptional mechanical properties, and support high ionic conductance. Here, aramid nanofibers (ANFs) based membranes with high chemical/thermal stability, mechanical strength, toughness, and surface charge density make them capable of high‐performance osmotic energy harvesting from pH gradients generated upon wastewater dilution. ANF membranes produce an averaged output power density of 17.3 W m−2for more than 240 h at pH 0. Taking advantage of the high temperature resilience of aramid, the output power density is increased further to 77 W m−2at 70 °C, typical for industrial wastewater. Such output power performance is 10× better compared to the current state‐of‐the‐art membranes being augmented by Kevlar‐like environmental robustness of ANF membranes. The improved efficiency of energy harvesting is ascribed to the high proton selectivity of ANFs. Retaining high output power density for large membrane area and fluoride‐free synthesis of ANFs from recyclable material opens the door for scalable wastewater energy harvesting.