bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiscale Simulation of Precipitation Over East Asia by Variable Resolution CAM‐MPAS
Authors: Liang Yuan , Yang Ben , Wang Minghuai , Tang Jianping , Sakaguchi Koichi , Leung L. Ruby , Xu Xin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study evaluates the precipitation over East Asia simulated by the variable resolution CAM‐MPAS featuring the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) atmospheric dynamical core coupled with the physics parameterizations of the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) version 5.4. Two CAM‐MPAS experiments, one with a global quasi‐uniform resolution mesh of 120 km (MPAS‐UR) and the other with a variable resolution mesh of 30–120 km refined over East Asia (MPAS‐VR), are conducted from 1989 to 2005 following the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project protocol. Two regional climate model simulations at ∼25 km resolution from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment East Asia second plan are also analyzed for comparison. Results show that CAM‐MPAS performs better than the selected regional models in simulating the precipitation climatology over East Asia. Compared with MPAS‐UR, MPAS‐VR with refinement over East Asia better simulates the precipitation over and around the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the upper‐level circulation, the precipitation frequency and intensity in various regions of China, and the interannual precipitation pattern associated with the East Asian summer monsoon. Both decreased grid spacing and the use of finer‐scale terrain information contribute to the improvements in MPAS‐VR relative to MPAS‐UR. However, decreased grid spacing is more essential for simulating the precipitation magnitude over TP and the location of peak precipitation south of TP, likely due to the better resolved physical and dynamical processes associated with orographic precipitation. The 30–120 km CAM‐MPAS model is shown to be a promising tool for precipitation simulation over East Asia.
An automated retrospective VAE-surveillance tool for future quality improvement studies
Authors: Wolffers Oliver , Faltys Martin , Thomann Janos , Jakob Stephan M. , Marschall Jonas , Merz Tobias M. , Sommerstein Rami 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a frequent complication of mechanical ventilation and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Accurate diagnosis of VAP relies in part on subjective diagnostic criteria. Surveillance according to ventilator-associated event (VAE) criteria may allow quick and objective benchmarking. Our objective was to create an automated surveillance tool for VAE tiers I and II on a large data collection, evaluate its diagnostic accuracy and retrospectively determine the yearly baseline VAE incidence. We included all consecutive intensive care unit admissions of patients with mechanical ventilation at Bern University Hospital, a tertiary referral center, from January 2008 to July 2016. Data was automatically extracted from the patient data management system and automatically processed. We created and implemented an application able to automatically analyze respiratory and relevant medication data according to the Centers for Disease Control protocol for VAE-surveillance. In a subset of patients, we compared the accuracy of automated VAE surveillance according to CDC criteria to a gold standard (a composite of automated and manual evaluation with mediation for discrepancies) and evaluated the evolution of the baseline incidence. The study included 22′442 ventilated admissions with a total of 37′221 ventilator days. 592 ventilator-associated events (tier I) occurred; of these 194 (34%) were of potentially infectious origin (tier II). In our validation sample, automated surveillance had a sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 100% in detecting VAE compared to the gold standard. The yearly VAE incidence rate ranged from 10.1–22.1 per 1000 device days and trend showed a decrease in the yearly incidence rate ratio of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93–1.00, p = 0.03). This study demonstrated that automated VAE detection is feasible, accurate and reliable and may be applied on a large, retrospective sample and provided insight into long-term institutional VAE incidences. The surveillance tool can be extended to other centres and provides VAE incidences for performing quality control and intervention studies.
An optimized 3D-printed perfusion bioreactor for homogeneous cell seeding in bone substitute scaffolds for future chairside applications
Authors: Engel Nadja , Fechner Carsten , Voges Annika , Ott Robert , Stenzel Jan , Siewert Stefan , Bergner Carina , Khaimov Valeria , Liese Jan , Schmitz Klaus-Peter , Krause Bernd Joachim , Frerich Bernhard 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA clinical implementation of cell-based bone regeneration in combination with scaffold materials requires the development of efficient, controlled and reproducible seeding procedures and a tailor-made bioreactor design. A perfusion system for efficient, homogeneous, and rapid seeding with human adipogenic stem cells in bone substitute scaffolds was designed. Variants concerning medium inlet and outlet port geometry, i.e. cylindrical or conical diffuser, cell concentration, perfusion mode and perfusion rates were simulated in silico. Cell distribution during perfusion was monitored by dynamic [18F]FDG micro-PET/CT and validated by laser scanning microscopy with three-dimensional image reconstruction. By iterative feedback of the in silico and in vitro experiments, the homogeneity of cell distribution throughout the scaffold was optimized with adjustment of flow rates, cell density and perfusion properties. Finally, a bioreactor with a conical diffusor geometry was developed, that allows a homogeneous cell seeding (hoover coefficient: 0.24) in less than 60 min with an oscillating perfusion mode. During this short period of time, the cells initially adhere within the entire scaffold and stay viable. After two weeks, the formation of several cell layers was observed, which was associated with an osteogenic differentiation process. This newly designed bioreactor may be considered as a prototype for chairside application.
A case report describing the immune response of an infant with congenital heart disease and severe COVID-19
Authors: Wurzel Danielle , Neeland Melanie R. , Anderson Jeremy , Abo Yara-Natalie , Do Lien Anh Ha , Donato Celeste M. , Bines Julie E. , Toh Zheng Quan , Higgins Rachel A. , Jalali Sedi , Cole Theresa , Subbarao Kanta , McMinn Alissa , Dohle Kate , Haeusler Gabrielle M. , McNab Sarah , Alafaci Annette , Overmars Isabella , Clifford Vanessa , Lee Lai-yang , Daley Andrew J. , Buttery Jim , Bryant Penelope A. , Burgner David , Steer Andrew , Tosif Shidan , Konstantinov Igor E. , Duke Trevor , Licciardi Paul V. , Pellicci Daniel G. , Crawford Nigel W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Children with SARS-CoV-2 infection generally present with milder symptoms or are asymptomatic in comparison with adults, however severe disease occurs in a subset of children. To date, the immune correlates of severe COVID-19 in young children have been poorly characterised.

Methods
We report the kinetics of immune responses in relation to clinical and virological features in an infant with acute severe COVID-19 using high-dimensional flow cytometry and multiplex cytokine analysis.

Results
Systemic cellular and cytokine profiling show an initial increase in neutrophils and monocytes with depletion of lymphoid cell populations (particularly CD8 + T and NK cells) and elevated inflammatory cytokines. Expansion of memory CD4 + T (but not CD8 + T) cells occurred over time, with a predominant Th2 bias. Marked activation of T cell populations observed during the acute infection gradually resolved as the child recovered. Substantial in vitro activation of T-cell populations and robust cytokine production, in response to inactivated SARS-CoV-2 stimulation, was observed 3 months after infection indicating durable, long-lived cellular immune memory.

Conclusions
These findings provide important insights into the immune response of a young infant with severe COVID-19 and will help to inform future research into therapeutic targets for high-risk groups.
Aggregating buildings as a virtual power plant: Architectural design, supporting technologies, and case studies
Authors: Luo Fengji , Dorri Ali , Ranzi Gianluca , Zhao Junbo , Jurdak Raja 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrevalence of distributed generation drives the emergence of the ‘Virtual Power Plant (VPP)’ paradigm. A VPP aggregates distributed energy resource and can operate as a conventional power plant. In recent years, a large portion of renewable energy sources are installed in the commercial/industrial/residential building side, and their potentials and flexibilities can be aggregated in the VPP context. Nevertheless, building‐side energy resources are usually managed by building energy management systems (BEMSs) with autonomous objectives and policies, making them hardly to be directly controlled by the VPP energy management system as the state‐of‐the‐art VPP. This study systematically presents a building VPP (BVPP) architecture that aggregates building‐side energy resources through the communication between the VPP energy management system and autonomous BEMSs. The implementation technologies, key components, and operation modes of BVPPs are discussed. Case studies are reported to demonstrate the effectiveness of BVPP in different operational conditions.
Ultra-deep 31.0–50.3 GHz spectral survey of IRC+10216
Authors: Pardo J. R. , Cernicharo J. , Tercero B. , Cabezas C. , Bermúdez C. , Agúndez M. , Gallego J. D. , Tercero F. , Gómez-Garrido M. , de Vicente P. , López-Pérez J. A. 
Published: November 2021

Context. The carbon-rich envelope of the asymptotic giant branch star CW Leo, IRC+10216, is one of the richest molecular sources in the sky. Available spectral surveys below 51 GHz are more than 25 years old, and new work is needed.
Aims. Characterizing the rich molecular content of this source, specially for heavy species, requires carrying out very sensitive spectral surveys at low frequencies. In particular, we have achieved an rms in the range 0.2−0.6 mK per MHz.
Methods. Long Q band (31.0−50.3 GHz) single-dish integrations were carried out with the Yebes-40m telescope using specifically built receivers. The most recent line catalogs were used to identify the lines.
Results. The data contain 652 spectral features, corresponding to 713 transitions from 81 species (we count the isomers, isotopologs, and ortho/para species separately). Only 57 unidentified lines remain with signal-to-noise ratios ≥3. Some new species and/or vibrational modes have been discovered for the first time with this survey.
Conclusions. This IRC+10216 spectral survey is by far the most sensitive survey carried out to date in the Q band. It therefore provides the most complete view of IRC+10216 from 31.0 to 50.3 GHz, giving unique information about its molecular content, especially for heavy species. Rotational diagrams built from the data provide valuable information about the physical conditions and chemical content of this circumstellar envelope.
Of Open Pits and Valleys: Endoscopic Optical Diagnosis Juxtaposition of Pathologically Distinct Rectal Polyp Lesions
Authors: Zimmer Vincent , Bier Bert 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOptical diagnosis during colorectal cancer screening is instrumental in deciding whether or not to resect colorectal lesions, choose the appropriate technique and to properly communicate with the pathologist. The latter is even more important when it comes to serrated lesions with the latest WHO classification justifying a pathology diagnosis of a serrated lesion with a minimum criterion of characteristic findings in just one crypt, which may only be detectable when adequate sectioning and scrutinization is performed. Here, we present a unique case of comparatively small rectal lesions with typical endoscopic findings warranting a diagnosis of a serrated lesion (open pit pattern) and adenoma (valley sign).
Newly Designed Laser-Cut Metal Stent with an Anchoring Hook and Thin Delivery System for Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Hepaticogastrostomy: Is It a Dream Stent?
Authors: Rana Surinder S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEndoscopic ultrasound–guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) involves creation of an anastomosis between two intra-abdominal mobile organs, namely, liver and the stomach, with no intervening stricture. Therefore, the risk of stent migration in EUS-HGS is very high and the stent migration can lead on to severe life-threatening complications like biliary peritonitis. During last few years, there have been increased efforts to design a safe and effective stent for EUS-HGS that obviates the risk of stent migration and can also be inserted quickly, preferably, in a single-step procedure. In this news and views, we discuss an experimental study from Japan that has evaluated a new partially covered self-expandable laser cut metal stent with a thin delivery system (7.2 F) and antimigration anchoring hooks for single-step EUS-HGS in phantom and animal models.
Changes in crassulacean acid metabolism expression, chloroplast ultrastructure, photochemical and antioxidant activity in the
Authors: Habibi Ghader 
Published: November 2021

We determined time course changes of photochemical and antioxidant activity during the induction of strong crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in Aloe vera L. plants grown under salt and drought stress. We found that the strong CAM was induced during 25–30 days of drought alone treatment. After 25–30 days, we showed the withdrawal of strong CAM back to constitutive CAM background under the combination of simultaneous drought and salt stress, which coincided with the accumulation of malondialdehyde, and the decrease in the contents of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) and non-enzymatic antioxidants. At the same time, the chloroplast ultrastructure was damaged with a parallel accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and the whole photosynthetic electron transport flux was impaired by combined stress treatment. In conclusion, the changes in CAM expression parameters was attended by a similar pattern of antioxidant and photochemical change in Aloe plants subjected to only drought or combined stress.
Observation of others’ actions during limb immobilization prevents the subsequent decay of motor performance
Authors: De Marco Doriana , Scalona Emilia , Bazzini Maria Chiara , Nuara Arturo , Taglione Elisa , Lopomo Nicola Francesco , Rizzolatti Giacomo , Fabbri-Destro Maddalena , Avanzini Pietro 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceIn several clinical conditions, especially those related to orthopedic trauma or specific injuries of the peripheral nervous system, patients may experience a period of limb nonuse that has detrimental cascade effects on corticomotor organization and ultimately, on motor performance. During limb nonuse, treatments based on action observation may be suitable for stimulating the motor system via the mirror mechanism. Using short-term immobilization in healthy volunteers, our study showed that administering action observation during immobilization limits the movement alterations induced by limb nonuse. Given action observation’s protective role against the decline of motor performance, it represents a valid tool for early interventions during limb nonuse, thus reducing the burden of further motor rehabilitation.
The earliest adobe monumental architecture in the Americas
Authors: Mauricio Ana Cecilia , Grieseler Rolf , Heller Andrew R. , Kelley Alice R. , Rumiche Francisco , Sandweiss Daniel H. , Viveen Willem 
Published: November 2021

SignificanceThis study documents the previously unrecognized technological evolution of pre-Hispanic Andean adobe bricks, the central component of this region’s millennia-long earthen architectural tradition. Multidisciplinary geoarchaeological research in northern Peru shows that the earliest known standing adobe brick architecture in the Andes dates before 5,100 calendar years B.P., using adobes cut from natural clay deposits created by El Niño flooding. Other than the deliberate shaping of the material, they were unmodified but were used like later adobe bricks. Later pre-Hispanic adobe bricks were made more durable by mixing clay with temper and water. The beginning of adobe architecture in the Andes is associated with the construction of early monumental structures for communal ceremonies and the rise of social complexity.
Extreme mechanical anisotropy in diamond with preferentially oriented nanotwin bundles
Authors: Pan Yilong , Ying Pan , Gao Yufei , Liu Peng , Tong Ke , Yu Dongli , Jiang Kaili , Hu Wentao , Li Baozhong , Liu Bing , Zhao Zhisheng , He Julong , Xu Bo , Liu Zhongyuan , Tian Yongjun 
Published: November 2021

Significance
Diamond is an essential material for industrial and scientific applications due to its exceptional properties. The regulation of diamond performance through microstructural design is a challenging and hot topic. Here, we report the synthesis of diamond with preferentially oriented nanotwin bundles via direct phase transformation of superaligned multiwalled carbon nanotube films under high temperature and pressure. The preferentially oriented nanotwin bundles endow diamond with the highest hardness anisotropy ever recorded and a record hardness value in the direction perpendicular to the oriented nanotwin bundles. Current findings provide valuable insights on the microstructural design and modification of diamond and related materials, contributing to the further tuning of properties in the future.
Lactate transporters in the rat barrel cortex sustain whisker-dependent BOLD fMRI signal and behavioral performance
Authors: Roumes Hélène , Jollé Charlotte , Blanc Jordy , Benkhaled Imad , Chatain Carolina Piletti , Massot Philippe , Raffard Gérard , Bouchaud Véronique , Biran Marc , Pythoud Catherine , Déglon Nicole , Zimmer Eduardo R. , Pellerin Luc , Bouzier-Sore Anne-Karine 
Published: November 2021

Significance
For decades, it was claimed that glucose was the sole and sufficient energy substrate to sustain neuronal activity and brain function. Our results challenge this view by demonstrating that despite glucose availability, lactate shuttling from astrocytes to neurons via monocarboxylate transporters is necessary to give rise to the blood oxygen level-dependent signal (used as a surrogate marker for activation) in the rat cerebral cortex following whisker stimulation. Moreover, lactate shuttling turned out to be also essential for sustaining behavioral performance associated with activation of the rat barrel cortex. These findings call for a reappraisal of neuroenergetics and the role of astrocytes in determining brain activation and function.
A corpus-based study of directives in Taiwanese Southern Min
Authors: Chang Miao-Hsia , Iûnn Ún-giân 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aims to examine the subtypes of directives and their realization patterns in Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM). The data were drawn from a play script corpus published in the 20th century. Nine directive subtypes were identified: advice, begging, invitation, order, offer, request, suggestion, urge, and warning. The realization patterns were analyzed in terms of the main components in the directives: alerter, discourse marker, politeness marker, subject, modal expression, verb phrase, and utterance final particle. The analysis reveals a number of features: (1) Alerters mainly take the form of an address term; (2) Utterance-initial discourse markers are mainly realized by tan
‘now’; (3) The subject is either hearer-dominated or speaker- and hearer-dominated, with the latter expressing solidarity in casual situations; (4) the politeness marker chhiáⁿ tends to take an overt subject; (5) The modal verb tio̍h accounts for the majority of subtypes; (6) The dominant verb types include dynamic, stative, uttering, and ingesting verbs; (7) Complex verb constructions mainly include directional verbs, disposal markers, and benefactive verbs; (8) Directional verbs are pervasive across all directives. A metaphorical transfer is operative in the use of directional verbs. Those marking an action toward the speaker (e.g., lâi ‘come’) are strongly associated with a positive attitude, while those expressing movement away from the speaker (e.g., khì ‘go’) are highly connected to an adversative mood. The omnipresence of [lâi V] suggests that it has been conventionalized as a default bundle to express politeness.
The correlation between ectoparasite infestation and total Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Super Intensive Ponds
Authors: Amalisa  , Mahasri Gunanti , Kismiyati  
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to determine the type, intensity, degree of ectoparasite infestation and its correlation to the total V. parahaemolyticus bacteria in super-intensive pacific white shrimp culture. In this study, sampling was carried out in 3 super-intensive pacific white shrimp pond areas spread out in East Java, namely Bangil, Tuban, and Lamongan with 50 shrimps (PL30-PL 40). The obtained data underwent regression and correlation analysis. Based on the results, there were three types of ectoparasites, namely Zoothamnium sp., Epistylis sp. and Vorticella sp. High ectoparasite intensity was found in pacific white shrimp from Lamongan and Tuban ponds, namely 76 and 55 individuals/shrimp, respectively, showing the heavy infestation. High total V. parahaemolyticus bacteria was found in Tuban (1.16 × 105 CFU/gr) and Lamongan (1.16 × 105 CFU / gr) ponds. Based on the results, the coefficient value was R = 0.807 showing positive correlation of V. parahaemolyticus with the increasing parasite intensity and low oxygen levels.
The effectiveness of prostaglandin nanoparticles in corpus luteum regression
Authors: Kusumaningrum D A , Sianturi R S , Pamungkas F A , Wina E 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Research examined the formation of prostaglandin nanoparticles and their effect on corpus luteum (CL) regression carried out at IRIAP. The nanoparticles formation was carried out using the ionic gelation method. The nanoparticles have a particle size of 316.80±0.14 nm, polydispersion index of 0,453±0,001, zeta potential of +17,40±0,85 mV with 69,69±8.81% hormone entrapment. The effectiveness of nanoparticle in CL regression was observed (prostaglandin vs prostaglandin nanoparticles) using ultrasound observation, hormone profile and estrus response. Further, the size of the ovulating follicle, the time of ovulation, the size of the CL and the onset of estrus after the administration of the prostaglandins were observed. The observation showed that the intramuscular administration of prostaglandin and prostaglandin nanoparticles did not significantly differ on the onset of estrus, time of ovulation, the ovulating follicle size, size of CL and progesterone concentration. The onset of estrus occurred on 2.50 ± 0.58 and 2.33 ± 0.52 days, the ovulation time after hormone administration was on days 3.50 ± 0.55 and 2.83 ± 0.75 with the ovulation follicle size of 16, 62 ± 0.96 and 17.03 ± 1.13 mm, while the CL measures at H-3 were 13.56 ± 2.28 and 10.45 ± 0.88, the progesterone H-2 concentrations were 0.299 and 0.395, respectively for prostaglandin and prostaglandin nanoparticles. It can be concluded that the formation of nanoparticles did not impair the effectiveness of hormones in CL regression so that it can be used to increase the effectiveness of estrus synchronization