bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective determination of the incidence and severity of hyponatraemia in older hospitalised patients with acute urinary tract obstruction
Authors: Shapiro Dvorah S , Alexandrovich Irina , Sonnenblick Moshe , Shavit Linda , Munter Gabriel , Friedmann Reuven 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Introduction
acute urinary tract obstruction (aUTO) is a common finding in older hospitalised patients. Anecdotal reports described hyponatraemia in patients with aUTO, which subsides rapidly with relief of the obstruction.
The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, severity and subsequent correction of hyponatraemia in patients with aUTO.

Methods
this is a prospective, single-centre, observational study including inpatients in the internal medicine and geriatric wards. A total of 204 patients were investigated, 104 with aUTO and 100 controls. The prevalence, severity and associations of hyponatraemia between aUTO and control patients were compared.

Results
the incidence of hyponatraemia was similar in aUTO and control groups 28% versus 22%, respectively (P = 0.42). However, the incidence of severe hyponatraemia was significantly higher in the study group 7% versus 1% (P = 0.04). Mean sodium level was lower in hyponatremic patients with aUTO 127.7 ± 5.9 mEq/l versus 130.8 ± 3 mEq/l (P = 0.013). Serum sodium remained largely unchanged in the control group (∆Na 1.5 ± 2.3 mEq/l) but increased significantly within 48 hours following catheter insertion in patients with urinary retention (∆Na 5.3 ± 4.2 mEq/l overall in the aUTO group and 9.6 ± 3 mEq/l in those with urinary retention and severe hyponatraemia (P = 0.002)).
DoE Screening and Optimization of Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Nicotinic Acid and Six Statins: Application to Pharmaceutical Preparations and Counterfeit Detection
Authors: Salem Wadhah Atef , Elkady Ehab Farouk , Fouad Marwa Ahmed , Mohammad Mohammad Abdul-Azim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn isocratic reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated to simultaneously determine nicotinic acid, pravastatin sodium, rosuvastatin calcium, atorvastatin calcium, pitavastatin calcium, lovastatin sodium and simvastatin sodium in focus on counterfeit drug detection. Thin-layer chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry have been additionally performed to verify the identification of adulterants of counterfeit herbal medicines. Chromatographic separation was carried out on Inertsil® ODS-3 C18 (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) with isocratic mobile phase elution containing a mixture of acetonitrile: methanol: 25 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer, pH 2.86 adjusted with 0.1 M o-phosphoric acid (48: 30: 22, v/v/v), at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and with UV detection at 238 nm. The design of experiment methodology, Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken designs, was used to screen and optimize the mobile phase composition. The validation of the method was also carried out under the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The developed method was sensitive, accurate, simple, economical and highly robust, in addition to the comprehensiveness and novelty of this method for separating the seven drugs. The results were statistically compared with the reference methods used Student’s t-test and variance ratio F-test at P &lt; 0.05.
Convergence analysis of explicit stabilized integrators for parabolic semilinear stochastic PDEs
Authors: Abdulle Assyr , Bréhier Charles-Edouard , Vilmart Gilles 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Explicit stabilized integrators are an efficient alternative to implicit or semiimplicit methods to avoid the severe time-step restriction faced by standard explicit integrators applied to stiff diffusion problems. In this paper we provide a fully discrete strong convergence analysis of a family of explicit stabilized methods coupled with finite element methods for a class of parabolic semilinear deterministic and stochastic partial differential equations. Numerical experiments including the semilinear stochastic heat equation with space-time white noise confirm the theoretical findings.
Circ_UTRN ameliorates caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in vitro via reducing inflammation and promoting apoptosis through miR-320-3p/PTK2 axis
Authors: Sun Qiang , Liang Ran , Li Mingdong , Zhou Hua 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to play important roles in acute pancreatitis (AP). Herein, this study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of circRNAs utrophin (circ_UTRN) in AP.

Methods
In vitro cultured rat pancreatic acinar cell line AR42J was exposed to caerulein (10 nmol/L) to mimic an AP cell model. The levels of circ_UTRN and microRNA (miR)-320-3p and protein tyrosine kinase 2 (PTK2) were examined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot assays. Cell apoptosis was analysed by flow cytometry and Western blot assays. ELISA was employed to detect the levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-1β and IL-6. The binding interaction between miR-320-3p and circ_UTRN or PTK2 was verified using dual-luciferase reporter assay.

Key findings
The expression of circ_UTRN was decreased by caerulein in pancreatic acinar cells, ectopic overexpression of circ_UTRN reduced inflammation and promoted apoptosis in caerulein-mediated pancreatic acinar cells. In a mechanical study, circ_UTRN served as a sponge of miR-320-3p, and miR-320-3p directly targeted PTK2. Rescue assay suggested that the promotion of apoptosis and inhibition of inflammation induced by circ_UTRN re-expression in caerulein-mediated pancreatic acinar cells were partially abolished by miR-320-3p overexpression or PTK2 knockdown. Besides that, miR-320-3p inhibition impaired caerulein-induced cell apoptosis arrest and inflammation via targeting PTK2.

Conclusions
Up-regulation of circ_UTRN in pancreatic acinar cells attenuates caerulein-evoked cell apoptosis arrest and inflammation enhancement via miR-320-3p/PTK2, suggesting that circ_UTRN/miR-320-3p/PTK2 axis might be engaged in caerulein-induced AP.
Disability associated with sacroiliac joint diseases
Authors: Kroopf Lisa R. , Philip Kemly , Dang Michelle N. , Shipon Samara 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
There is a relatively high incidence of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain and dysfunction among patients undergoing evaluation for low back pain. Low back pain is a leading cause of disability globally. SIJ dysfunction can affect people of varying age ranges, with a higher distribution in several clusters, including pregnant women and adults who have undergone lumbar or lumbosacral fusion surgery. SIJ pain or dysfunction is estimated to account for 15% to 30% of all cases of axial low back pain and is an often underrecognized and undertreated cause of chronic low back pain. This chapter will provide information on the physiologic, psychologic, and physical effects of SIJ pain and how those factors impact the personal, societal, and global burden of disability from SIJ pain. Tools for the evaluation of disability are briefly discussed.
Patient selection and instruments used for peripheral nerve stimulation of the sacroiliac joint
Authors: Jameson Jessica 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sacroiliac joint pain is a very common cause of low back pain. Treatments such as physical therapy, medications, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and nerve blocks or injections can often improve symptoms. However, when these techniques are unsuccessful, consideration should be given to peripheral nerve stimulation as a long-term solution for chronic sacroiliac joint pain. Case reports over the previous decade have indicated that peripheral nerve stimulation can be useful in treating sacroiliac joint pain. This chapter provides an overview of this technique. The topics include the patient selection process (including the importance of obtaining a psychological evaluation), contraindications, and instruments used during the procedure.
Outcome measures and outcomes of peripheral nerve stimulation of the sacroiliac joint
Authors: Hoopes Hunter , Gupta Mayank 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the most commonly used questionnaires and pain assessment scales that are used both clinically and in the research setting, and it compares and contrasts their validity and accuracy. Reliable outcome measures are essential to translate the complex perception of pain into measurable data. Several questionnaires and grading scales have been developed, each with their own inherent advantages and disadvantages. In addition to quantitative measures of pain, this chapter explores what other qualitative measures are useful to understand a patient’s perception of pain, their functional ability, and even potential adverse outcomes. Finally, this chapter demonstrates how some of these measures have already been used in the literature specifically in the context of peripheral nerve stimulation of the sacroiliac joint.
Patient selection
Authors: Kankam Sarafina , Smith Gregory Lawson , Goree Johnathan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sacroiliac joint fusion has become a mainstay of the treatment of low back pain for both surgeons and interventionalists. This chapter discusses proper patient selection for both open and minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion techniques. Topics covered are indications and contraindications for surgery as well as imaging modalities that the provider can use to ascertain the integrity of the sacroiliac joint when fusion is being considered. It is important to assess each patient’s psychiatric history and current psychiatric symptoms, weigh the benefits and the risks of the procedure, and then use clinical judgment before proceeding with surgery. A brief overview of the two most common surgical approaches (lateral and posterior), along with survivorship data, is provided. Other patient considerations include bone density, previous lumbar spine surgery, smoking history, and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus.
Surgical instrumentation
Authors: Azeem Nomen 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the instrumentation needed to perform minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion, a novel treatment for sacroiliac joint pain or chronic sacroiliitis. As in any surgical procedure, access to the appropriate surgical instrumentation is imperative for a safe and successful outcome. Topics covered include patient positioning and preparation for sacroiliac joint fusion; sterile preparation and surgical drapes are used. Nonsurgical items needed during the procedure for planning, administration of local anesthetic, absorption of blood or fluid, infection prevention, and wound dressing are detailed. The surgical instruments used to incise, maintain hemostasis, and close the incision are described. Device manufacturers provide prepacked kits that may contain a guide pin, a series of dilators, broach, screws, implant, and implant delivery system.
Lateral fusion
Authors: Acker Gustaf Van , Belding Jonathon , Kim Chong H. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Sacroiliac joint pain and dysfunction has increasingly been identified as an important pain generator in patients with chronic back pain or failed back surgery syndrome, and it is estimated to account for 15% to 30% of low back pain cases. Historically, fusion of the joint has been performed with an open posterior or posterolateral approach. Minimally invasive surgical (MIS) approaches were introduced in 2008, and since that time MIS posterior and lateral approaches have become common. Numerous medical device companies have marketed MIS systems, and evidence of their safety and efficacy is mounting. This chapter will detail lateral MIS approaches using fluoroscopic and navigation system guidance, as well as the posterolateral open approach, also known as the modified Smith-Petersen approach. Evidence for safety and efficacy of lateral sacroiliac joint fusion will also be discussed.
Complications and their management
Authors: Kalia Hemant 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter reviews the complications that can occur after minimally invasive surgical fusion of the sacroiliac joint, focusing on infection and neurovascular injuries and their prevention and treatment. The sacroiliac joint has been identified as a potential pain generator in 15% to 30% of chronic low back pain and post-laminectomy syndrome patients. Minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion via the lateral approach is effective and better tolerated than the open surgical approach. Most of the current studies have focused on efficacy and patient satisfaction as opposed to the safety profile of the procedure. There is a dearth of literature regarding the safety of minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion. Over the past few years, a novel posterior approach to sacroiliac joint fusion has become more common that theoretically is safer and potentially as efficacious as the lateral approach.
The nose and paranasal sinuses
Authors: van Gijn Daniel R. , Dunne Jonathan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The external nose is pyramidal and consists of a bony cartilaginous framework. The root/radix is continuous with the forehead an inferiorly terminates at the nasal tip. The dorsum of the nose is formed by two lateral surfaces that converge in the midline. The cartilaginous structure of the nose is formed by paired upper (lateral) cartilages that contribute to the internal nasal valve with the nasal bones, and lower lateral cartilages, combined with additional minor nasal cartilages that surround the ala. The nasal septum relies upon anastomoses from five vessels: two from the ophthalmic, two from the maxillary and one from the facial. Collectively, they form Kieselbach’s plexus. The paranasal sinuses are the frontal, sphenoidal, ethmoidal and maxillary – located within the bones of the same name. They are paired structures lined with mucosa that is continuous with the lateral nasal side wall into which they drain, facilitating clearance of mucus by way of the mucociliary escalator.
Neurology
Authors: Hoang Mai Nguyen Thi , Warrell Mary , Newton Charles , Lockwood Diana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Impaired consciousness, Headache, Raised intracranial pressure, Acute bacterial meningitis, Epidemic meningococcal disease, Viral meningitis, Chronic meningitis, Encephalitis, Rabies, Tetanus, Stroke, Subarachnoid haemorrhage, Subdural haemorrhage, Extradural haematoma, Blackouts/syncope, Space-occupying lesions (SOL), Brain abscess, Hydrocephalus, Epilepsy, Status epilepticus, Cysticercosis, Weak legs and spinal cord disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Poliomyelitis (polio), Peripheral neuropathy, Leprosy, Dementia
Haematology
Authors: Ghorashian Sara , Ghara Niharendu 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Anaemia?, Clinical features of anaemia?, Iron-deficiency anaemia?, Anaemia of inflammation?, Macrocytic anaemias?, Haemolytic anaemias?, Red cell membranopathies?, Glucose--phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency?, Sickle cell anaemia?, Thalassaemia?, Blood transfusion?, Effects of HIV/AIDS?, Acute leukaemias?, Lymphoproliferative disorders?, Myeloproliferative disorders?, Splenomegaly?, Disorders of haemostasis?, Acquired coagulation disorders?, Laboratory issues?
Prediction of Individual Analgesic Response to Intravenous Lidocaine in Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Todorovic Marko S. , Frey Karen , Swarm Robert A. , Bottros Michael , Rao Lesley , Tallchief Danielle , Kraus Kristin , Meacham Kathleen , Bakos Kristopher , Zang Xiaowei , Lee Jong Bong , Kagan Leonid , Haroutounian Simon 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
Intravenous lidocaine can alleviate painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) in some patients. Whether quantitative sensory testing (QST) can identify treatment responders has not been prospectively tested.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled trial comparing intravenous lidocaine to normal saline (placebo) for painful DPN. Thirty-four participants with painful DPN were enrolled and administered intravenous lidocaine (5 mg/kg ideal body weight) or placebo as a 40-minute infusion, after a battery of QST parameters were tested on the dorsal foot, with a 3-week washout period between infusions.

Results:
Thirty-one participants completed both study sessions and were included in the final analysis. Lidocaine resulted in a 51% pain reduction 60 to 120 minutes after infusion initiation, as assessed on a 0 to 10 numerical rating scale, while placebo resulted in a 33.5% pain reduction (difference=17.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9%-33.3%, P=0.03). Neither mechanical pain threshold, heat pain threshold, or any of the other measured QST parameters predicted the response to treatment. Lidocaine administration reduced mean Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory paresthesia/dysesthesia scores when compared with placebo by 1.29 points (95% CI, −2.03 to −0.55, P=0.001), and paroxysmal pain scores by 0.84 points (95% CI, −1.62 to −0.56, P=0.04), without significant changes in burning, pressing or evoked pain subscores.

Discussion:
While some participants reported therapeutic benefit from lidocaine administration, QST measures alone were not predictive of response to treatment. Further studies, powered to test more complex phenotypic interactions, are required to identify reliable predictors of response to pharmacotherapy in patients with DPN.
PARACENTRAL ACUTE MIDDLE MACULOPATHY IN GIANT CELL ARTERITIS
Authors: Mairot Kevin , Sené Thomas , Lecler Augustin , Philibert Manon , Clavel Gaëlle , Hemmendinger Anaelle , Denis Danièle , Vignal-Clermont Catherine , Mauget-Faÿsse Martine , Hage Rabih 
Published: November 2021

Purpose:
To report the occurrence of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) in giant cell arteritis (GCA), describe its features and outcomes, and identify risk factors associated with PAMM in patients with GCA.

Methods:
Review of medical records of patients with GCA who were examined in the Rothschild Foundation Hospital. Patients were divided into three groups: GCA with PAMM (Group 1), GCA with ophthalmic involvement but without PAMM (Group 2), and GCA without ophthalmic involvement (Group 3). We analyzed the data for age, sex, medical history, laboratory testing, visual acuity, and posterior segment vascular involvement.

Results:
Among the 96 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 52 had ophthalmic involvement, and 16 patients were included in Group 1 (GCA with PAMM). In this subgroup, the mean age was 81.6 years and was found to be older than other groups. The visual prognosis was similar between Groups 1 and 2. Of the 20 eyes with PAMM, 35% were also associated with homolateral anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. No statistical difference was found in initial symptoms, signs, and laboratory testing.

Conclusion:
Paracentral acute middle maculopathy is frequently observed lesions in ocular GCA. Patients can present with isolated findings of PAMM as the only indication of GCA. Optical coherence tomography of the macula should be routinely performed in patients with suspected GCA, specifically if they complain of visual changes, to look for signs of ischemia in the middle layers of the retina. Isolated PAMM should raise suspicion for GCA in patients at risk.
It Takes a Village
Authors: Risbud Rashmi D. , Kim Juliah Shay , Trivedi Ranak B. 
Published: November 2021

Background
Heart failure (HF) management can be improved by involving framily (family and friends) who provide valuable support. Less is known about how dyadic interactions or interactions between dyads and their extended care networks positively impact life with HF.

Objectives
This study aimed to understand the positive behavioral, cognitive, and social factors through which patient-framily dyads manage health together.

Methods
Heart failure patient-framily dyads were recruited through Stanford heart failure clinics. Participants completed a 45-minute semistructured interview that elicited their experiences with managing HF. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed for analysis, and independently coded by 2 team members using thematic analyses.

Results
Seventeen dyads (n = 34) participated in the study; 47% of patients and 78% of framily were women. Mean (SD) age of patients was 66 (14) years, and mean (SD) age of framily caregivers was 59 (12.3) years. Three themes showcased the positive contributions of dyadic HF management: (1) management of HF was perceived as successful when individuals in a dyad both received support from a shared care network; (2) when strength of the interpersonal relationship and love were the main motivators for care, dyads reported a positive outlook on quality of life with HF; and (3) the framily caregivers' own health conditions affected the dyadic relationship and perceived success with HF management.

Conclusions
Social support by an external network and mutual support within a patient-framily dyad both create an environment of optimism and effective coping, making successful HF management possible. A dyad's success with these factors may result in better condition management and perceived quality of life.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Commonly Failed in Children With Co‐Morbidities
Authors: Kellermayer Richard , Wu Qinglong , Nagy‐Szakal Dorottya , Queliza Karen , Ihekweazu Faith D. , Bocchini Claire E. , Magee Abria R. , Oezguen Numan , Spinler Jennifer K. , Hollister Emily B. , Shulman Robert J. , Versalovic James , Luna Ruth Ann , Savidge Tor C. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTObjectives:Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is arguably the most effective treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). Clinical reports on pediatric FMT have not systematically evaluated microbiome restoration in patients with co‐morbidities. Here, we determined whether FMT recipient age and underlying co‐morbidity influenced clinical outcomes and microbiome restoration when treated from shared fecal donor sources.Methods:Eighteen rCDI patients participating in a single‐center, open‐label prospective cohort study received fecal preparation from a self‐designated (single case) or two universal donors. Twelve age‐matched healthy children and four pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) cases from an independent serial FMT trial, but with a shared fecal donor were examined as controls for microbiome restoration using 16S rRNA gene sequencing of longitudinal fecal specimens.Results:FMT was significantly more effective in rCDI recipients without underlying chronic co‐morbidities where fecal microbiome composition in post‐transplant responders was restored to levels of healthy children. Microbiome reconstitution was not associated with symptomatic resolution in some rCDI patients who had co‐morbidities. Significant elevation in Bacteroidaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae was consistently observed in pediatric rCDI responders, while Enterobacteriaceae decreased, correlating with augmented complex carbohydrate degradation capacity.Conclusion:Recipient background disease was a significant risk factor influencing FMT outcomes. Special attention should be taken when considering FMT for pediatric rCDI patients with underlying co‐morbidities.
De Novo Food Allergy in Pediatric Recipients of Liver Transplant
Authors: Mori Francesca , Giovannini Mattia , Barni Simona , Trapani Sandra , Indolfi Giuseppe 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTAllergic and atopic conditions, including food allergy, asthma, eczema and eosinophilic disease of the gastrointestinal tract after liver transplant in previously non‐allergic children have been increasingly described. After a liver transplant, children can present mild to severe reactions to food allergens (ie, from urticaria‐angioedema to life‐threatening anaphylactic reactions). De novo post‐transplant food allergy may become clinically evident in children who undergo liver transplant between a few months and a few years of transplant. The present narrative review aims to describe the spectrum of de novo post‐transplant food allergy development, the current theories of pathogenesis, risk factors and to suggest possible clinical management strategies.