bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the Diameter of Herschel Crater, Mimas, an Outlier? A Mathematical Framework for Analyzing Planetary Feature Size‐Frequency Distribution Anomalies
Authors: Robbins Stuart J. , Riggs Jamie D. , Parker Alex H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany features on planetary bodies follow a distinct size‐frequency distribution (SFD), and there are practically always outliers. In impact crater studies, that SFD can be approximated with a power‐law, and the nature of power‐laws is there are often lone, singular largest features. An open question is whether these largest features are truly anomalous, or whether they emerge as a statistical feature of a large number of finite samples drawn from stochastic probability distributions, with significant implications for the population that formed them. Here, this question is explored by testing Mimas' largest crater, Herschel. The framework developed answers the question with two main tests, and both show Herschel is not an outlier. This is applied to other planetary bodies, where the null hypothesis is still not rejected. The framework developed is agnostic toward the probability distribution used and can be applied to many other features in planetary science.
Four‐Dimensional Wind Fields From Geostationary Hyperspectral Infrared Sounder Radiance Measurements With High Temporal Resolution
Authors: Ma Zheng , Li Jun , Han Wei , Li Zhenglong , Zeng Qingcun , Menzel W. Paul , Schmit Timothy J. , Di Di , Liu Chian‐Yi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFour‐dimensional (4D) wind fields were derived from radiance measurements of the Geosynchronous Interferometric Infrared Sounder (GIIRS) onboard the FengYun‐4A satellite with 15‐min temporal resolution during Typhoon Maria (2018). Results are evaluated with independent ERA5 reanalysis, Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS) analysis and dropsonde wind profiles, and show a statistical root mean squared error less than 2 m/s for U and V components in troposphere against ERA5 and GDAS. The temporal variation of the wind fields from GIIRS at 15‐min intervals is consistent with that of the hourly ERA5. The added value of wind profiles over the numerical weather predictions (NWP) background field is also revealed. Further experiments confirm that higher temporal resolution from geostationary infrared (IR) sounder measurements could provide better dynamic information. 4D dynamic information can be extracted from high temporal resolution geostationary hyperspectral IR radiances in a consistent and continuous manner that can be used together with the thermodynamic information for various quantitative applications such as NWP data assimilation, near real‐time weather monitoring, situational awareness and nowcasting.
High‐Altitude and Cold Habitat for the Early Cretaceous Feathered Dinosaurs at Sihetun, Western Liaoning, China
Authors: Zhang Laiming , Yin Yitian , Wang Chengshan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDuring the Early Cretaceous, significant tectonic regime transformation occurred in East China. Meanwhile, the Jehol Biota, which contains world‐famous feathered dinosaurs, flourished. However, few studies have been conducted to investigate the influence of tectonic regime transformation on regional topography and climates and the possible climatic causes of the unique characteristics of these dinosaurs. Here, we address these issues by applying clumped isotope paleothermometry to Early Cretaceous carbonates in NE China. In the Sihetun area, the mean annual paleotemperature derived from paleosol carbonates was 5.9 ± 1.7°C, and the paleoelevation was 2.8–4.1 km during the Early Cretaceous. The topographic evolution was closely related to the subduction of the paleo‐Pacific plate beneath East Asia during this period. Our results suggest a high altitude and cold habitat with frozen winters for the Jehol Biota in the Sihetun area, which implies possible climate‐Keywords:influenced evolution of the feathered characteristic of the dinosaurs.
Tracing Water Masses and Assessing Boundary Scavenging Intensity With Beryllium Isotopes in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Kong W. Y. , Zhou L. P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe cosmogenic radionuclide 10Be and its stable isotope 9Be can be used as a tracer for water mass mixing, but such applications are rare in both open oceans and marginal seas. Here we report distributions of dissolved 9Be and 10Be concentrations of the seawater in the surface and water columns along a section from shelf to deep basin in the northern South China Sea (SCS). The concentrations of 9Be and 10Be in surface waters range between 8.8–43.6 pmol/kg and 118–576 atoms/g, respectively. The 9Be in the northern SCS is dominantly sourced from river waters, while 10Be has a prominent input from the western Pacific, resulting in the highest 10Be/9Be ratio of 10.9 × 10−8 closest to the Luzon Strait. Along the depth section, the 9Be concentrations decrease southward while 10Be concentrations increase with the maximum value of 1,237 atoms/g occurring at 2,843 m depth of Station A10. The 10Be/9Be ratios are interpreted with consideration of water mixing and boundary scavenging, which reveal evidence of a branch of the intruding Kuroshio Current (>7.7 × 10−8) in subsurface water and a deep cyclonic current (>8.9 × 10−8). A box model yields a sedimentation flux of 10Be around 1,167 atoms/m2/s, that is, 4.6 times of the atmospheric deposition flux, pointing to active boundary scavenging of 10Be. The residence time of 10Be in the deep water is estimated to be longer than 79 years in the northern SCS. The beryllium isotopes as a water mass tracer will find wide applications in basins where the endmembers are sufficiently differentiated.
Revealing the Impact of Global Heating on North Atlantic Circulation Using Transparent Machine Learning
Authors: Sonnewald Maike , Lguensat Redouane 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe North Atlantic ocean is key to climate through its role in heat transport and storage. Climate models suggest that the circulation is weakening but the physical drivers of this change are poorly constrained. Here, the root mechanisms are revealed with the explicitly transparent machine learning (ML) method Tracking global Heating with Ocean Regimes (THOR). Addressing the fundamental question of the existence of dynamical coherent regions, THOR identifies these and their link to distinct currents and mechanisms such as the formation regions of deep water masses, and the location of the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current. Beyond a black box approach, THOR is engineered to elucidate its source of predictive skill rooted in physical understanding. A labeled data set is engineered using an explicitly interpretable equation transform and k‐means application to model data, allowing theoretical inference. A multilayer perceptron is then trained, explaining its skill using a combination of layerwise relevance propagation and theory. With abrupt CO2 quadrupling, the circulation weakens due to a shift in deep water formation regions, a northward shift of the Gulf Stream and an eastward shift in the North Atlantic Current. If CO2 is increased 1% yearly, similar but weaker patterns emerge influenced by natural variability. THOR is scalable and applicable to a range of models using only the ocean depth, dynamic sea level and wind stress, and could accelerate the analysis and dissemination of climate model data. THOR constitutes a step toward trustworthy ML called for within oceanography and beyond, as its predictions are physically tractable.
A novel long non-coding RNA AC073352.1 promotes metastasis and angiogenesis via interacting with YBX1 in breast cancer
Authors: Kong Xue , Li Juan , Li Yanru , Duan Weili , Qi Qiuchen , Wang Tiantian , Yang Qifeng , Du Lutao , Mao Haiting , Wang Chuanxin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBreast cancer is the major cause of cancer death worldwide in women. Patients with metastasis have poor prognosis and the mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis are not completely understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to have crucial roles in breast cancer development and progression. However, the underlying mechanisms by which lncRNA-driven breast cancer metastasis are unknown. The main objective of this paper is to explore a functional lncRNA and its mechanisms in breast cancer. Here we identified a novel lncRNA AC073352.1 that was significantly upregulated in breast cancer tissues and was associated with advanced TNM stages and poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. In addition, AC073352.1 was found to promote the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and enhance breast cancer metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, we elucidated that AC073352.1 interacted with YBX1 and stabilized its protein expression. Knock down of YBX1 reduced breast cancer cell migration and invasion and could partially reverse the stimulative effects of AC073352.1 overexpressed on breast cancer metastasis. Moreover, AC073352.1 might be packaged into exosomes by binding to YBX1 in breast cancer cells resulting in angiogenesis. Collectively, our results demonstrated that AC073352.1 promoted breast cancer metastasis and angiogenesis via binding YBX1, and it could serve as a promising, novel biomarker for prognosis and a therapeutic target in breast cancer.
Multi‐actuator control with modal switching and different disturbance for scanning imaging motion compensation
Authors: Gao Yang , Xu Rui , Wang Yutang , Tian Dapeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractScanning imaging can be used to obtain wide field‐of‐view, high‐resolution remote‐sensing images with a telescope lens. However, the motion between the image and the sensor causes blurring during scanning, which reduces the image quality. In this paper, a motion compensation method based on multi‐actuator control with modal switching is proposed. In this method, the tracking controller realizes scanning and compensation; the cooperative controller reduces the relative motion that causes motion blur, and modal switching solves the travel limitation of the linear actuator. Further, to improve the control performance, an adaptive sliding mode controller is proposed and combined with a disturbance observer. The stability theorems for multi‐actuator and modal switching are studied. Experimental results show that the accuracy, robustness, and frame rate of the proposed method improved compared with those of traditional methods. Compared with the non‐cooperative structure using a PD controller, the root mean square error is reduced by .
Detection of material on a tray in automatic assembly line based on convolutional neural network
Authors: Hu Dunli , Zhang Yuting , Xufeng Li , Zhang Xiaoping 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the process of detecting materials inside a tray in an automated production line, it is necessary to detect not only the known materials and blank space in the designated area, but also the unknown materials misplaced inside the tray. However, the supervised detection algorithm based on deep learning can only detect the known and blank material areas. Therefore, this paper proposed a phased material detection. The first stage is to detect the tray and then identify the material area in the second stage. In order to improve the tray detection accuracy during the first stage under the condition of a high intersection ratio, an improved YOLOv5s tray detection method is proposed. The structure of YOLOv5s is improved using the SENet. This paper proposes to use the rich geometric information of the shallow network and the high‐level semantic information to integrate the bypass features. MAP@0.5:0.95 of the improved model increased from 95.7% to 96.6% and MAP@0.95 from 78.5% to 90.8%. The challenge of detecting unknown wrong materials on a tray can be resolved through the recognition of material area segmentation images processed by using the improved pre‐detection algorithm, together with the relative position reference between the material area and the tray. The experimental results showed that the improved method proposed meets the industrial detection requirements with an overall recognition accuracy of 91% within a 250 ms detection interval.
Reforming mixed operation schedule for electric buses and traditional fuel buses by an optimal framework
Authors: Duan Mengyuan , Qi Geqi , Guan Wei , Lu Chaoru , Gong Congcong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBus scheduling plays a significant role in public transportation and supports the sustainable development of transportation systems. Challenges are beginning to appear with the newly emerging electric buses (EBs), as scheduling changes due to fleet composition make traditional fixed timetables no longer able to satisfy operational needs. Moreover, the fixed‐trip time hypothesis has been inappropriate for large cities due to the variety of urban traffic statuses. This paper proposes an optimal framework for reforming the mixed operation schedule for electric buses and traditional fuel buses under stochastic trip times. Based on the primary grouping genetic algorithm (GGA), a straightforward framework with a Monte Carlo simulation is presented to optimize the scheduling scheme. Case studies based on the operating environment and service trips of real bus lines in Beijing are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model by considering both the composition of fleet types and time stochasticity. Additionally, the impacts of stochasticity, fleet composition, government subsidies and cost factors on operational costs are investigated. Considering stochastic trip times, the achieved scheduling strategies can provide the optimal proportion of electric and traditional fuel buses and make a crucial impact on operational costs.
Anthracene-Based Zwitterion with a Small HOMO–LUMO Energy Gap
Authors: Shimizu Akihiro , Shintani Ryo , Kayama Ayane 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe have designed and synthesized an anthracene-based zwitterion, 2-methyl-2-azoniaanthracene-7-olate. The zwitterion shows amphoteric redox properties and low-energy-light absorption originating from the small HOMO–LUMO energy gap of ca. 1.7 eV. DFT calculations show that the combination of replacing the C–H with N+–Me and introducing O− is necessary to alter the electronic structure and properties of anthracene significantly.
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate Utilization in Children's Hospitals
Authors: Lutmer Jeffrey E. , Mpody Christian , Sribnick Eric A. , Karube Takaharu , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractProthrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are used to manage bleeding in critically ill children. We performed a repeat cross-sectional study using the Pediatric Health Information System registry to describe PCC utilization in the U.S. children's hospitals over time and determine the relationship between PCC use and specific risk factors for bleeding. We included children < 18 years who received three-factor or four-factor PCC during hospital admission between January 2015 and December 2020 to describe the association between PCC therapy, anticoagulation therapies, and inherited or acquired bleeding diatheses. PCC use steadily increased over the 6-year study period (from 1.3 to 4.6 per 10,000 encounters). Patients exhibited a high degree of critical illness, with 85.0% requiring intensive care unit admission and a mortality rate of 25.8%. PCCs were used in a primarily emergent or urgent fashion (32.6 and 39.3%, respectively) and more frequently in surgical cases (79.0% surgical vs. 21.0% medical). Coding analysis suggested a low rate of chronic anticoagulant use which was supported by review of concomitant anticoagulant medications. PCC use is increasing in critically ill children and does not correlate with specific anticoagulant therapy use or other bleeding risk factors. These findings suggest PCC use is not limited to vitamin K antagonist reversal. Indications, efficacy, and safety of PCC therapy in children require further study.
From preference to landscape sustainability: a bibliometric review of landscape preference research from 1968 to 2019
Authors: Yang Gaoyuan , Yu Zhaowu , Zhang Jinguang , Søderkvist Kristensen Lone 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
Landscape preference (LP) studies highlight one of the most important issues of human-environment relationship, and their related publications have increased rapidly over the last two decades. However, there is no systematic review with a holistic understanding of this field. here we applied a bibliometric approach to examine the evolution of LP research and identify its status and future prospects. We obtained 7,637 LP research publications from Web of Science core collection from 1968 to 2019 and analyzed the characteristics of publication outputs as well as performances in various countries and institutions. Besides, content keywords analysis was conducted to discover the drivers, focus, motivation, and trends of LP research. We found that 1) publications, subject categories, and active journals increased rapidly since the 2000s ; 2) the USA, England, and Australia are the leading countries in LP research, while China is starting to have some influence; 3) LP research is most closely linked to ecological and environmental studies, being developed by objective drivers, i.e., interactions with landscape change, and subjective motivations ; and 4) LP research is advancing the landscape sustainability science, integrating natural and social science together through ecosystem services. By comprehensively reviewing the evolution and prospect of LP research, we provide insights for further research in this field.
Consequences of above-ground invasion by non-native plants into restored vernal pools do not prompt same changes in below-ground processes
Authors: Churchill Amber C , Faist Akasha M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Given the frequent overlap between biological plant invasion and ecological restoration efforts it is important to investigate their interactions to sustain desirable plant communities and modify long-term legacies both above- and below-ground. To address this relationship, we used natural reference, invaded and created vernal pools in the Central Valley of California to examine potential changes in direct and indirect plant effects on soils associated with biological invasion and active restoration ecosystem disturbances. Our results showed that through a shift in vegetation composition and changes in the plant community tissue chemistry, invasion by non-native plant species has the potential to transform plant inputs to soils in vernal pool systems. In particular, we found that while invasive plant litter decomposition was driven by seasonal and interannual variability, associated with changes in precipitation, the overall decomposition rates for invasive litter was drastically lower than native species. This shift has important implications for long-term alterations in plant-based inputs to soils in an amplifying feedback to nutrient cycling. Moreover, these results were independent of historic active restoration efforts. Despite the consistent shift in plant litter decomposition rates and community composition, we did not detect associated shifts in below-ground function associated with invasion by non-native plants. Instead, soil C:N ratios and microbial biomass did not differ between invaded and naturally occurring reference pools but were reduced in the manipulated created pools independent of invasion levels. Our results suggest that while there is an observed invasive amplifying feedback above-ground this trajectory is not represented below-ground, and restoration legacies dominated 10 years after practices were applied. Restoration practices that limit invasive plant feedbacks and account for soil legacy recovery, therefore offer the best solution for disturbed ephemeral ecosystems.
Quantification of fluoroscopic fundoplication anatomy: inter- and intraobserver reliability
Authors: Gan Siang Wei , Lee Natalie , Tan Siao En , Edwards Suzanne M , Kiroff George K , Myers Jennifer C 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYThe etiology of postfundoplication dysphagia remains incompletely understood. Subtle changes of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) anatomy may be contributory. Barium swallows have potential for standardization to evaluate postsurgical anatomical features. Using structured barium swallows, we aim to identify reproducible, objectively measured postfundoplication anatomical features that will permit future comparison between patients with/without dysphagia. At 6–12 months of postfundoplication, 31 patients underwent structured barium swallow with video–fluoroscopy recording: standing anteroposterior; standing oblique (×2); prone oblique (×2); and prone oblique with continuous free drinking. A primary observer recorded 11 variables of GEJ anatomy for each view, repeated 3 months later, forming two datasets to assess intraobserver consistency. Interobserver reliability was determined using a dataset each from the primary observer and two medical students (after training). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were based on two-way mixed-effects model (ICC agreement: 0.40–0.59 ‘fair’; 0.60–0.74 ‘good’; 0.75–1.00 ‘excellent’). Interobserver reliability was good–excellent for 47 of 66 measurements. Measures of maximal esophageal diameter cf. wrap opening diameter and posterior esophageal angle showed high interobserver reproducibility on all views (ICC range 0.84–0.91; 0.68–0.80, respectively). Interobserver agreement was good–excellent for 5/6 views when measuring anterior GEJ displacement and axis deviation (ICC range 0.56–0.79; 0.41–0.77, respectively). Measures of wrap length showed lower reproducibility. Prone oblique measurements showed highest reproducibility (good–excellent agreement in 19/22 measurements). Intraobserver consistency was excellent for 98% of measurements (ICC range 0.74–0.99). Objective measurements of postfundoplication GEJ anatomy using structured barium swallow are reproducible and may allow further interrogation of anatomical features contributing to postfundoplication dysphagia.
Genome-wide association study identifies 18 novel loci associated with left atrial volume and function
Authors: Ahlberg Gustav , Andreasen Laura , Ghouse Jonas , Bertelsen Litten , Bundgaard Henning , Haunsø Stig , Svendsen Jesper H , Olesen Morten S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Aims
Left atrial (LA) volume and function impose significant impact on cardiovascular pathogenesis if compromised. We aimed at investigating the genetic architecture of LA volume and function using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging data.

Methods and results
We used the UK Biobank, which is a large prospective population study with available phenotypic and genetic data. On a subset of 35 658 European individuals, we performed genome-wide association studies on five volumetric and functional LA variables, generated using a machine learning algorithm. In total, we identified 18 novel genetic loci, mapped to genes with known roles in cardiomyopathy (e.g. MYO18B, TTN, DSP, ANKRD1) and arrhythmia (e.g. TTN, CASQ2, MYO18B, C9orf3). We observed high genetic correlation between LA volume and function and stroke, which was most pronounced for LA passive emptying fraction (rg = 0.40, P = 4 × 10−6). To investigate whether the genetic risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with LA traits that precede overt AF, we produced a polygenetic risk score for AF. We found that polygenetic risk for AF is associated with increased LA volume and decreased LA function in participants without AF [LAmax 0.25 (mL/m2)/standard deviation (SD), 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.15; 0.36), P = 5.13 × 10−6; LAmin 0.21 (mL/m2)/SD, 95% CI (0.15; 0.28), P = 1.86 × 10−10; LA active emptying fraction −0.35%/SD, 95% CI (−0.43; −0.26), P = 3.14 × 10−14].

Conclusion
We report on 18 genetic loci associated with LA volume and function and show evidence for several plausible candidate genes important for LA structure.