bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insider trading in the European Union and in Brazil: a comparison of the essential elements of its definition
Authors: Blachnio-Parzych Anna , de Castro Alexander 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study is a comparison of anti-insider trading regulations in the European Union (EU) and in Brazil.Design/methodology/approachThe subject of the comparison are three key elements that define the shape of the protection against insider trading, namely, the definition of inside information, the definition of insiders and the kinds of behaviours that are forbidden.FindingsThere are both differences and similarities between EU and Brazilian legislations on insider trading. The main discrepancies found in the three foci of the analysis seem to relate strongly to the different rationales for the prohibition of insider trading adopted in the two legal systems. In the EU, market egalitarianism and thus the parity of information, are the central concepts, whereas fiduciary duties originally constituted the point of reference in Brazil, although it has been losing importance over time owing to subsequent changes in the legislation. In sum, while anti-insider trading regulations in the EU have a well-defined identity, in Brazil their policy basis seems to be in the process of redefinition.Originality/valueAs of the time of submission of this study no published academic works dedicated substantially to a comparison of the anti-insider trading legislation of the EU and Brazil could be found.
University libraries provide intellectual property information service in China: theoretical framework and system development
Authors: Ran Congjing , Song Kai , Yang Le 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThere is no proposed solution to address the unresolved issues of constructing the Chinese university intellectual property information service system (IPISS) to promote the whole process service efficiency of IP creation, utilization, protection and management. The purpose of this paper is to propose a complete system, including theoretical framework and system development which addresses the existing difficulties to IP create, protect and transfer for researchers in universities. The paper shares the practice of utilizing the system developed by Wuhan University IP research team known as Wuhan University Intellectual Property Information Service System (WHU-IPISS).Design/methodology/approachFirst, the IPISS of 23 universities in China was investigated on the internet. Aiming at the deficiencies of the system, such as single service type, lack of patent display window, low management efficiency. This paper constructs the theoretical framework, proposes the IP ecological chain model, divides it into four sub-chains and carries on the functional design. Further, under the theoretical framework, the IPISS was developed, including the resource supply management system, user demand matching system, resource assessment system and expert support system. Finally, the system was applied to Wuhan University to provide IP services in the whole process for university researchers.FindingsWHU-IPISS realizes the functions of IP resource supply, demand matching, value evaluation and expert support. It solves the IP needs of university researchers and provides a guarantee for their technology research, patent portfolio, patent transfer and patent rights protection. It also improves the efficiency of IP service and can construct the IP ecosphere in universities.Originality/valueThe WHU-IPISS solution resolves issues of “How to develop the university IP whole process service model, fulfilling the IP service needs for universities' researchers”. The software will be released as open-source for other universities' use. The publishing model is also useful for those universities that intend to implement the IPISS.
Fundraising activities and digitalization: defining risk indicators for evaluating equity crowdfunding campaigns
Authors: Ndou Valentina , Scorrano Paola , Mele Gioconda , Stefanizzi Pasquale 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The wide development of digital platforms permitted the birth of new financing modalities, namely, crowdfunding, where the crowd of individuals and investors can supply the necessary financial resources for venture creation and growth. While the extant literature has focused on analyzing the dynamics and features of crowdfunding campaigns, few studies have focused on understanding how crowd investors decide which ventures to invest in and which factors influence their decision-making process. Due to this gap, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors influencing the choice to invest in an equity crowdfunding campaign, by defining a set of indicators useful to evaluate the risk of the campaign.

Design/methodology/approach
An empirical research study of Italian equity crowdfunding campaigns has been conducted to identify quantitative indicators useful for evaluating the risk in a crowdfunding campaign.

Findings
Findings demonstrate that the risk indicators proposed to represent important gauges that investors can usefully consider ex ante to assess the degree of riskiness of the investment in the equity crowdfunding campaign.

Research limitations/implications
The limitations of the study regarding the size of the sample that is small due to the necessity to extract enough information in pre and post-equity campaigns. Also, the lack of historical data is another limitation.

Originality/value
The originality of the studies relies on the proposal of quantitative indicators for the evaluation of the risk in equity crowdfunding campaigns for “crowd” investors to reduce information asymmetries.
Subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction and creativity among R&D employees: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Wang Zhenyuan , Du Jianghong , Tse Herman H.M. , Gu Jun , Meng Hui , Zhao Qiuwen 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis study aims to explore the relative importance of the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction in predicting research and development (R&D) employee creativity. In addition, the study examines the indirect effects of the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction on creativity via work engagement and the moderating role of challenge-related work stress in the first stage.Design/methodology/approachA two-wave design was used, in which total rewards satisfaction and challenge-related work stress were measured in the first wave. Work engagement and creativity were measured in the second wave. Dominance analysis and the latent moderated mediation model were used for the data analyses.FindingsThe analyses show that nonfinancial rewards satisfaction completely dominates indirect and direct financial rewards satisfaction when predicting creativity. Indirect financial rewards satisfaction completely dominates direct financial rewards satisfaction when predicting creativity. Work engagement mediates the relationships between the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction and creativity. Challenge-related work stress moderates the relationships between the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction and work engagement and the indirect effects of the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction on creativity via work engagement.Practical implicationsThe results imply that managers should set challenge demands for R&D employees and try to improve their total rewards satisfaction, especially their nonfinancial and indirect financial rewards satisfaction, for them to be more creative.Originality/valueThis empirical study contributes to the literature by comparing the relative importance of the different dimensions of total rewards satisfaction in predicting creativity. The study also clarifies how (through work engagement) and when (based on challenge-related work stress) the subdimensions of total rewards satisfaction are positively related to R&D employees' creativity.
The effect of supply chain agility and lean practices on operational performance: a resource-based view and dynamic capabilities perspective
Authors: Manzoor Umair , Baig Sajjad Ahmad , Hashim Muhammad , Sami Abdul , Rehman Hakeem-Ur , Sajjad Ifrah 
Published: September 2021

PurposeIn today's global economy, developing supply chain agility (SCA) and lean practices (LP) as resource-based view and dynamic capabilities are essential for firms to sustain their competitive advantage (CA) and enhance their operational performance (OP). The purpose of this paper is to develop and empirically test a framework to investigate how CA is achieved through SCA and LP and how these, in turn, can enhance a firm's OP.Design/methodology/approachFor data collection, the authors adopted the survey method using self-administered questionnaires. Two-source survey data were collected in two rounds (separated by a two-month lag time) from supply chain managers, operational managers and general managers. The purpose of collecting data in two rounds was to reduce common-method bias. Likert scale (1–5) was used in the questionnaire. Smart PLS 3 and SPSS 23 were used for the data analysis purpose.FindingsSCA was found to directly and positively affect OP. LP also positively affected OP. In addition, CA fully mediated the relationship between SCA, LP and OP.Practical implicationsThis study encourages the managers of manufacturing firms to adapt LP and their supply chains (SCs) to become agile and leverage the advantages of their implementation to improve their OP and succeed in the market.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to investigate the effect of SCA and LP on OP. Furthermore, the first study examines CA's mediating impact on the relationship between SCA, LP and OP.
Active representative bureaucracy, homogeneous organizational context, and deviation from official policy among street‐level bureaucrats
Authors: Diab Hadeel , Cohen Nissim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStudies of representative bureaucracy have shown how minority groups are often underrepresented in public agencies. They also indicate that the match between the backgrounds of the bureaucrats and their clients has a strong effect on minority groups. Less attention has been devoted to the question of what happens when street‐level bureaucrats (SLBs) from a minority group serve clients in organizations all of whose clients belong to the same minority group as the SLBs. How do they behave when the policies they must implement are inconsistent with their collective moral values? What dilemmas do they experience, and how do they address them? We explore these questions using the case of Arab civics teachers in Arab schools in Israel, organizations with a homogeneous work environment of minorities. Our findings contribute to the existing literature by emphasizing the importance of the organizational context. In a homogeneous work environment, it is easier for SLBs to deviate from formal policy. While they must still consider “disobeying costs” imposed by the state, the organizational mixture strengthens the legitimacy among clients, colleagues, and direct managers to deviate from official public policy.
Co‐generated knowledge as a path for establishing research impact
Authors: Gardner Karen , Blackman Deborah , Buick Fiona 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper draws on systems thinking and selected case studies to explore how ‘prac‐ademic’ partnerships can create impact in real‐world settings. The paper argues that knowledge co‐generation partnerships are sub‐systems of the complex systems in which research is being undertaken and that governance arrangements are central to enabling partners to work together more effectively to achieve research impact. Reflecting on two successful knowledge co‐generation case examples, three distinct areas are identified that need to be understood from a systems perspective to enable future success. These are the importance of (1) developing a clear framing and shared purpose; (2) developing flexibility in contracting that enables new deliverables to emerge; and (3) the project team comprising bilingual team members who understand the contextual demands of both academia and practice. These elements will facilitate the co‐generation of knowledge through prac‐ademic partnerships and become a path to creating research impact.
Risk indicators of dental caries among refugee patients attending a public dental service in Victoria
Authors: Marwaha P , Ghanim A , Shankumar R 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the relationship between dental caries prevalence and the social risk factors of asylum seekers and refugees in Australia.MethodsAn oral health interview and a clinical oral examination were carried out on 201 asylum seekers and refugees patients, aged 18–68, attending Monash Health Dental Services, Melbourne, Victoria.ResultsData illustrated that 82% of participants had at least one tooth with untreated decay. Tooth level analysis revealed that white spot lesions were most prevalent in age groups 18–29 and 30–39, with respective mean values of 4.45 ± 4.95 and 3.49 ± 4.74. Binary logistic regression models identified multiple social factors as a barrier to receiving dental care. These included, but were not limited to; medication intake, consumption of soft drinks and long waiting lists. These social factors in addition to oral health factors, such as white spot and hypomineralization lesions, were significant predisposing factors to the presence of cavitated carious lesions.ConclusionsMultiple social and oral health risk factors were identified and significantly associated with dental caries among refugee and asylum seeker patients. Addressing these underlying risks is an integral component to reducing the prevalence of dental caries among this population group and improving their overall general and oral health.
Clinical outcomes and the impact of prior oral anticoagulant use in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to hospitals in the UK — a multicentre observational study
Authors: Arachchillage Deepa J. , Rajakaruna Indika , Odho Zain , Crossette‐Thambiah Christina , Nicolson Phillip L. R. , Roberts Lara N. , Allan Caroline , Lewis Sarah , Riat Renu , Mounter Philip , Lynch Ceri , Langridge Alexander , Oakes Roderick , Aung Nini , Drebes Anja , Dutt Tina , Raheja Priyanka , Delaney Alison , Essex Sarah , Lowe Gillian , Sutton David , Lentaigne Claire , Sayar Zara , Kilner Mari , Everington Tamara , Shapiro Susie , Alikhan Raza , Szydlo Richard , Makris Michael , Laffan Michael 
Published: September 2021

SummaryCoagulation dysfunction and thrombosis are major complications in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). Patients on oral anticoagulants (OAC) prior to diagnosis of COVID‐19 may therefore have better outcomes. In this multicentre observational study of 5 883 patients (≥18 years) admitted to 26 UK hospitals between 1 April 2020 and 31 July 2020, overall mortality was 29·2%. Incidences of thrombosis, major bleeding (MB) and multiorgan failure (MOF) were 5·4%, 1·7% and 3·3% respectively. The presence of thrombosis, MB, or MOF was associated with a 1·8, 4·5 or 5·9‐fold increased risk of dying, respectively. Of the 5 883 patients studied, 83·6% (n = 4 920) were not on OAC and 16·4% (n = 963) were taking OAC at the time of admission. There was no difference in mortality between patients on OAC vs no OAC prior to admission when compared in an adjusted multivariate analysis [hazard ratio (HR) 1·05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·93–1·19; P = 0·15] or in an adjusted propensity score analysis (HR 0·92 95% CI 0·58–1·450; P = 0·18). In multivariate and adjusted propensity score analyses, the only significant association of no anticoagulation prior to diagnosis of COVID‐19 was admission to the Intensive‐Care Unit (ICU) (HR 1·98, 95% CI 1·37–2·85). Thrombosis, MB, and MOF were associated with higher mortality. Our results indicate that patients may have benefit from prior OAC use, especially reduced admission to ICU, without any increase in bleeding.
Role of regulatory C‐terminal motifs in synaptic confinement of LRRTM2
Authors: Liouta Konstantina , Chabbert Julia , Benquet Sebastien , Tessier Béatrice , Studer Vincent , Sainlos Matthieu , De Wit Joris , Thoumine Olivier , Chamma Ingrid 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLeucine Rich Repeat Transmembrane proteins (LRRTMs) are neuronal cell adhesion molecules involved in synapse development and plasticity. LRRTM2 is the most synaptogenic isoform of the family, and its expression is strongly restricted to excitatory synapses in mature neurons. However, the mechanisms by which LRRTM2 is trafficked and stabilized at synapses remain unknown. Here, we examine the role of LRRTM2 intracellular domain on its membrane expression and stabilization at excitatory synapses, using a knock‐down strategy combined to single molecule tracking and super‐resolution dSTORM microscopy. We show that LRRTM2 operates an important shift in mobility after synaptogenesis in hippocampal neurons. Knock‐down of LRRTM2 during synapse formation reduced excitatory synapse density in mature neurons. Deletion of LRRTM2 C‐terminal domain abolished the compartmentalization of LRRTM2 in dendrites and disrupted its synaptic enrichment. Furtheremore, we show that LRRTM2 diffusion is increased in the absence of its intracellular domain, and that the protein is more dispersed at synapses. Surprisingly, LRRTM2 confinement at synapses was strongly dependent on a YxxC motif in the C‐terminal domain, but was independent of the PDZ‐like binding motif ECEV. Finally, the nanoscale organization of LRRTM2 at excitatory synapses depended on its C‐terminal domain, with involvement of both the PDZ‐binding and YxxC motifs. Altogether, these results demonstrate that LRRTM2 trafficking and enrichment at excitatory synapses are dependent on its intracellular domain.
Brain areas affected by intranasal oxytocin show higher oxytocin receptor expression
Authors: Habets Philippe C. , Mclain Christabel , Meijer Onno C. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNeuroimaging studies suggest that intranasal oxytocin (IN‐OXT) may modulate emotional and social processes by altering neural activity patterns. The extent of brain penetration after IN‐OXT is unclear, and it is currently unknown whether IN‐OXT can directly bind central oxytocin receptors (OXTRs). We investigated oxytocin pathway gene expression in regions affected by IN‐OXT on task‐based fMRI. We found that OXTR is more highly expressed in affected than unaffected subcortical regions; this effect did not vary by task type or sex. Cortical results revealed higher OXTR expression in regions affected by IN‐OXT in emotional processing tasks and in male‐only data. No significant differences were found in expression of the closely related vasopressin receptors. Our findings suggest that the mechanism by which IN‐OXT may alter brain functionality involves direct activation of central OXTRs.
A sparse coded composite descriptor for human activity recognition
Authors: Singh Kuldeep , Dhiman Chhavi , Vishwakarma Dinesh Kumar , Makhija Himanshu , Walia Gurjit S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel algorithm for computing discriminative descriptors named as a sparse coded composite descriptor (SCCD) for robust human activity recognition. The proposed method blends the state‐of‐the‐art handcrafted features and the discriminative nature of the sparse representation of visual information. The human activity is firstly modelled using any handcrafted feature, and then the sparse codes computed on a discriminative sparse dictionary of these features are embedded to provide discrimination in the feature set. Finally, a support vector machine (SVM) is trained using the proposed SCCDs to perform classification of different human activities. A new feature named as differential motion descriptor (DMD) is also proposed to extract the motion as well as spatial information from an activity video. The simulation results reveal that in comparison with the handcrafted feature, the corresponding SCCD improves the recognition accuracy significantly. The proposed method is compared with state‐of‐the‐art methods on KTH, Ballet, UCF50, and HMDB51 datasets and the proposed methodology of composite features outperforms these methods in terms of recognition accuracy.
Recent advances in the epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in children
Authors: Shapiro Warren L. , Noon Sheila L. , Schwimmer Jeffrey B. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryChildren with obesity are at risk for numerous health problems, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This review focuses on progress made in the epidemiology of NAFLD in children for the years 2015–2020. The estimated prevalence of NAFLD in children with obesity is 26%. The incidence of NAFLD in children has risen rapidly over the past decade. An understanding of the reasons for this rise is incomplete, but over the past 5 years, many studies have provided additional insight into the complexity of risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and associated comorbidities. Risk factors for NAFLD are wide‐ranging, including perinatal factors involving both the mother and newborn, as well as environmental toxin exposure. Progress made in the noninvasive assessment will be critical to improving issues related to variability in approach to screening and diagnosis of NAFLD in children. The list of serious comorbidities observed in children with NAFLD continues to grow. Notably, for many of these conditions, such as diabetes and depression, the rates observed have exceeded the rates reported in children with obesity without NAFLD. Recent advancements reviewed show an increased awareness of this problem, while also calling attention to the need for additional research to guide successful efforts at prevention and treatment.
Bank risk‐taking in a mixed duopoly: The role of the state‐owned bank
Authors: Tseng Ping‐Lun , Guo Wen‐Chung 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe analyze the role of a state‐owned bank, whose objective is to maximize social welfare, in a credit market with a mixed duopoly. The equilibrium reveals that the state‐owned bank is exposed to lower credit risk than the private bank. Furthermore, when the deposit rate is raised by the monetary authority, both banks exert socially beneficial higher monitoring efforts. In modified models, we explore the effects of the cost‐inefficiency and the political view of the state‐owned bank. Extensions on partial nationalization, mixed oligopoly with multiple private banks, and the case of loan differentiation with price competition are also discussed.