bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fusion of apoptosis‐related protein Cytochrome c with anti‐HER‐2 single‐chain antibody targets the suppression of HER‐2+ breast cancer
Authors: Lu DanDan , Guo YiChen , Hu YunFeng , Wang Min , Li Chen , Gangrade Abhishek , Chen JiaHui , Zheng ZiHui , Guo Jun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCancer treatment has gradually developed from toxic chemotherapy to targeted therapy with fewer side effects. Approximately 30% of breast cancer patients overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‐2). Previous studies have successfully produced single‐chain antibodies (scFv) targeting HER‐2+ breast cancer; however, scFv have poor stability, easy aggregation and a shorter half‐life, which have no significant effect on targeting therapy. Moreover, scFv has been considered as a drug delivery platform that can kill target cells by effector molecules. However, the functional killing domains of immunotoxins are mainly derived from plant or bacterial toxins, which have a large molecular weight, low tissue permeability and severe side effects. To address these concerns, we designed several apoptotic immune molecules to replace exogenous toxins using endogenous apoptosis‐related protein DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40) and tandem‐repeat Cytochrome c base on caspase‐3 responsive peptide (DEVD). Our results suggest that DFF40 or Cytc fusion scFv specifically targets HER‐2 overexpressing breast cancer cells (SK‐BR‐3 and BT‐474) rather than HER‐2 negative cells (MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7). Following cellular internalization, apoptosis‐related proteins inhibited tumour activity by initiating endogenous apoptosis pathways, which significantly reduced immunogenicity and toxic side effects. Therefore, we suggest that immunoapoptotic molecules may become potential drugs for targeted immunotherapy of breast cancer.
Effects of ultrasonic and ozone pretreatment on the structural and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber from lemon peel
Authors: Zhang Dali , Jiang Bing , Luo Yaohua , Fu Xincheng , Kong Hui , Shan Yang , Ding Shenghua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, the effects of ultrasonic (US), ozone (O3), or ozone‐ultrasonic (O3‐US) pretreatments on the structural and functional properties of soluble dietary fibers (SDFs) obtained from lemon peel were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that, US‐SDF, O3‐SDF, and O3‐US‐SDF showed more looser surface and porous characterization, compared to the lemon peel SDF without treatment (untreated‐SDF). Pretreatment led to a significant increases of SDFs yield, which increased by 16.70%, 85.44%, and 92.36% for US‐SDF, O3‐SDF, and O3‐US‐SDF, compared to untreated group, respectively. X‐ray diffraction results showed that the crystal structure of the pretreated‐SDFs was disrupted and possessed lower crystallinity. TGA analysis showed that pretreated‐SDFs exhibited lower thermal stability. All three pretreatments led to a redistribution of monosaccharides in SDFs. In addition, functional properties, including water swelling capacity (WSC), water‐holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), and binding capacity of SDF for heavy metals ions (Pb, Cd, and Cu), were enhanced by the three different pretreatment methods. Especially, O3‐SDF showed the highest hydration ability. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that untreated‐SDF and pretreated‐SDFs were effectively distinguished. In summary, our study suggested that the O3 pretreatment could be used as the ideal pretreatment method for lemon peel SDF, and O3‐SDF has the greatest potential to be applied as functional ingredients in food products.Practical ApplicationsUltrasonic (US) treatment is one of the green nonthermal technologies, it has been widely used to assist in the extraction of dietary fiber. Ozone (O3) is commonly used in agricultural waste disposal, while O3 treatment is still in the blank stage in the field of assisting the extraction of dietary fiber, and has great potential for development. In this experiment, the effects of US and O3 pretreatment on the structural and functional properties of SDFs from lemon peel were studied. The results showed that pretreated‐SDFs existed different structural and functional properties compare with the untreated‐SDF. And O3 pretreatment could be used as the ideal pretreatment method for lemon peel SDF.
Effect of age on treatment outcomes in benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: A systematic review
Authors: Laurent Gwen , Vereeck Luc , Verbecque Evi , Herssens Nolan , Casters Laura , Spildooren Joke 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundBenign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) can lead to an increased fall risk in older adults. Therefore, we examined the influence of age on the effectiveness of canalith‐repositioning procedures (CRPs) for the treatment of BPPV.MethodsPubmed, Web of Science, and the bibliographies of selected articles were searched for studies conducted before September 2020 that examined the effectiveness of treatments for BPPV in various age groups. Meta‐analyses were performed to compare treatment effectiveness and recurrence rates for younger and older adults. Odds ratios were calculated in a random‐effects model. Mean differences were calculated using a fixed‐effects model. A significance level of p < 0.05 (95% confidence interval) was set. The risk of bias and the methodological quality of all included articles were examined.ResultsForty‐five studies were retrieved after full‐text screening, of which 29 studies were included for a qualitative review. The remaining 16 studies were eligible for inclusion in the meta‐analysis (3267 participants with BPPV). The success rate of a single CRP was higher in the younger group (72.5% vs. 67%, p < 0.001). An average of 1.4 and 1.5 CRPs was needed for complete recovery in the younger and older groups, respectively (p = 0.02). However, global treatment success did not differ between these groups (97.5% vs. 94.6%, p = 0.41). The recurrence rate was higher in the older population (23.2% vs. 18.6%, p = 0.007).ConclusionsAlthough more CRPs are needed, the rate of complete recovery in older adults is similar to that observed in younger adults.
Using systemic interventions to reduce intimate partner violence or child maltreatment: A systematic review of publications between 2010 and 2019
Authors: Stith Sandra M. , Topham Glade L. , Spencer Chelsea , Jones Benjamin , Coburn Katelyn , Kelly Lorin , Langston Zachary 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis systematic review seeks to understand the effectiveness of systemic interventions to reduce Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) or child maltreatment published between January 2010 and December 2019. We found nine studies reviewing systemic interventions for IPV and 12 studies reviewing systemic interventions for child maltreatment. In our discussion, we added relevant articles published before 2010 to determine the overall state of the evidence for these interventions. We determined that parent training programs with in vivo coaching components for child maltreatment meet the criteria for well‐established interventions. Relationship education approaches are probably efficacious. Parent education and family therapy programs to reduce child maltreatment, and cognitive behavioral couples treatment to reduce IPV are possibly efficacious interventions. Programs based on “naturalistic” couples therapy for IPV are experimental interventions. This review also highlights limitations in this research in addressing the needs of marginalized couples and families.
The anatomy and variation of the coracoid attachment of the subclavius muscle in humans
Authors: Crepaz‐Eger Ulrich , Lambert Simon , Hörmann Romed , Knierzinger Dominik , Brenner Erich , Hengg Clemens 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe functions of the subclavius muscle (SM) are described as stabilization of the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) and resisting elevation of the lateral end of the clavicle. During systematic cadaveric dissections, we observed additional fibrous structures, previously described as variants of the anatomy, extending from the SM and inserting into the coracoid process (CP). Due to the high incidence of these structures in our dissections, we hypothesized that the attachment at the CP is more common than appreciated and that, as a corollary, the function of the SM was (or has been) more complex than simply depressing the clavicle and generating stability at the SCJ. For our investigation, fifty‐two upper extremities of 26 human cadavers were dissected. The SM was demonstrated from costal to clavicular attachment. We documented additional fibrous structures apparently derived from the SM inserting into the CP. Measurements of the length of the SM, the length of its attachment, and the length of the clavicle were taken in situ, with the specimens supine and the upper extremity in the anatomical position. Variations in the anatomy of the SM and its coracoidal attachment were recorded, and potential correlations were investigated. For documentation purposes photographs and video sequences of passive motion of the shoulder girdle of the specimens were taken. In 49 of the 52 specimens we found additional fibrous structures passing from the SM to the CP. We differentiated three types: (1) a strong cord‐like structure; (2) a small or thin cord‐like structure or structures; and (3) a planar twisted sheet‐like structure. The SM and its extension to the CP appears to contribute to a ‘functional scapular suspension system’ together with the other muscles enveloped by the clavipectoral fascia (pectoralis minor, coracobrachialis and the short head of the biceps brachii). This system assists in the control of the position of the scapula in relation to the thorax, particularly in elevated positions of the upper extremity. We speculate that the differentiation of the fibrous structure depends on the functional demands of the individual.Level of Evidence: Basic science study.
The coronavirus pandemic: A window of opportunity for sustainable consumption or a time of turning away?
Authors: Hüttel Alexandra , Balderjahn Ingo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs a means to preserve present and future generations' living conditions, sustainable consumption presents a route to the enhanced well‐being of individuals. However, the occurrence of the COVID‐19 pandemic raises the question of whether society is going to continue down a path of increased awareness of sustainable consumption or whether the pandemic will move people to focus more on themselves. Based on data gathered before and near the end of the first pandemic lockdown in Germany in spring 2020, this research demonstrates that ecological, social, and voluntary simplicity consciousness deteriorated in the minds of sustainability‐conscious consumers, with notable impacts on their willingness to spend sustainably and their shopping affinity. Furthermore, we identify segments that show particular vulnerability to the lockdown by reacting with a decrease in their ecological consumption consciousness. This study concludes with a discussion of the pandemic's implications for the spread of sustainable consumption styles and human well‐being.
Efficacy and Safety of tranexamic acid versus vitamin c after microneedling in treatment of melasma: Clinical and Dermoscopic study
Authors: El Attar Yasmina , Doghaim Noha , El Far Nashwa , El hedody Samar , Hawwam Soha Abdalla 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMelasma is a common acquired symmetrically distributed hyperpigmented macules of sun‐exposed skin. Skin microneedling acts as a transdermal delivery system that facilitates the penetration of lightening agents to deeper layers of skin.ObjectiveClinical and dermoscopic evaluation of the efficacy and safety of topical tranexamic acid versus topical vitamin C after microneedling for melasma treatment.Patients and MethodsTwenty patients with facial melasma were enrolled in a split‐face prospective, randomized uncontrolled study. The right side of the face was treated with topical tranexamic acid after dermapen microneedling, while the left side of the face was treated with topical vitamin C after dermapen microneedling. Sessions were done every 2 weeks for 6 sessions. The Hemi‐MASI score and dermoscopic examination before and after treatment were done.ResultsHemi‐MASI score was reduced after treatment on both sides of the face, besides improvement of the pigmented lesions showed by dermoscopy on both sides and improvement of the vascular component on the tranexamic acid treated side.ConclusionTopical tranexamic acid or vitamin C application after dermapen microneedling was an effective and safe technique in melasma treatment with minimal side effects, and vascular component improvement by tranexamic acid.
Utility of indocyanine green as a single tracer for sentinel node biopsy in endometrial cancer
Authors: Cabezas Palacios María Nieves , García Pineda Virginia , Gracia Segovia Myriam , Diestro Tejeda María Dolores , Hernández Gutiérrez Alicia , Zapardiel Gutiérrez Ignacio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimOur study aims to investigate the safety and effectiveness of sentinel lymph node biopsy using indocyanine green (ICG) for the surgical staging of early‐stage endometrial cancer in comparison to technetium‐99 m use.MethodsWe conducted an observational retrospective study with patients diagnosed of endometrial cancer and FIGO stages I‐II. All participants were injected technetium‐99m the day prior to the surgery and underwent lymphoscintigraphy along with single‐photon emission computed tomography. In addition, all patients were administered intraoperatively ICG injection to detect sentinel lymph node biopsy. The surgical staging was then completed according to the European Society for Medical Oncology preoperative risk category. Data obtained from the analysis of technetium‐99m detection was compared to ICG detection.ResultsA total of 53 women with endometrial cancer were included in the study, 49 (92.5%) of them showed drainage preoperatively in the single‐photon emission computed tomography and/or lymphoscintigraphy. The intraoperative bilateral detection rate for technetium‐99 m was 26 (49.1%) patients compared to 40 (75.5%) patients with ICG (p = 0.013). We observed a 42.5% increase in the mean number of lymph nodes retrieved by ICG compared to technetium‐99m (2.85 vs 2,0 nodes; p = 0.002). We intraoperatively identified 164 lymph nodes, 104 (63.4%) located in both obturator areas and external iliac vessels.ConclusionThe use of ICG for the performance of sentinel node biopsy in patients with endometrial cancer seems safe and could be superior to technetium‐99 m, since it offers a higher bilateral detection rate and nodal retrieval, resulting in the possibility to perform safely less full staging lymphadenectomies.
Fusarium temperatum shows a hemibiotrophic infection process and differential pathogenicity over different maize breeds from Mexico
Authors: Robles‐Barrios Fabiola , Ramírez‐Granillo Adrián , Medina‐Canales María Gabriela , Gómez‐Lim Miguel , Loske Achaim M. , Rodríguez‐Tovar Aída V. , Pérez Néstor Octavio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe genus Fusarium contains several species that cause diseases, such as drowning and wilting, in cultivable plants. Fusarium temperatum has been included in the Giberella fujikuroi complex and has been reported as a devastating pathogen for maize in Asia, Europe and South America. In Mexico, maize is one of the most important crops, so we consider it of great importance to describe the infection process of F. temperatum on maize plantlets and the susceptibility of several breeds of maize. We use in vivo assays to determine the infectivity of 6 maize breeds from Mexico. The most resistant breed was Pepitilla with less than 10 percent of damage, while Harinoso de 8, Tuxpeño and Tepecintle showed moderate resistance, while Reventador and Zapata 2 showed the most extensive damage. Because of its susceptibility, Zapata 2 was used to follow the infection process of F. temperatum. To follow the fungus in the infected roots we use a transformed strain that expresses GFPs. We found that the fungus directly penetrates the root tissue without forming an appressorium. We were able to establish a hemibiotrophic infection pattern for F. temperatum (biotrophic stage: 5–10 dpi; transition stage: 15 dpi; necrotrophic stage: 20 dpi). Our results described that F. temperatum presents a hemibiotropic infection pattern and suggests the presence of maize breeds in Mexico that have natural resistance to F. temperatum.
Whole‐Class Co‐Construction in a High School Spanish Classroom: A Conversation Analytic Perspective
Authors: Wagner Santoi , Park Innhwa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study demonstrates how conversation analysis can illuminate the interactional practices through which the Present‐Attention‐Co‐construction‐Extension (PACE) approach to grammar instruction, which involves a guided, inductive co‐construction of grammar rules with learners, is realized in the classroom. The data consist of three whole‐class Co‐construction discussions that occurred in three high school Spanish lessons on the pronoun se in non‐agentive constructions. We trace how the discussion unfolded and find that the key locus for the Co‐construction process was the work done by the teacher in the third turns of IRE sequences, and in particular, the withholding of explicit teacher assessment. We examine how the students treated and responded to such teacher third turns and how these sequences exhibited various interactional outcomes, such as a cyclical pattern of discourse, and misalignment of teacher and student focus. We consider the implications for a guided induction approach.
Whole‐genome resequencing confirms reproductive isolation between sympatric demes of brown trout (Salmo trutta) detected with allozymes
Authors: Saha Atal , Andersson Anastasia , Kurland Sara , Keehnen Naomi L. P. , Kutschera Verena E. , Hössjer Ola , Ekman Diana , Karlsson Sten , Kardos Marty , Ståhl Gunnar , Allendorf Fred W. , Ryman Nils , Laikre Linda 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe sympatric existence of genetically distinguishable populations of the same species remains a puzzle in ecology. Coexisting salmonid fish populations are known from over 100 freshwater lakes. Most studies of sympatric populations have used limited numbers of genetic markers making it unclear if genetic divergence involves certain parts of the genome. We returned to the first reported case of salmonid sympatry, initially detected through contrasting homozygosity at a single allozyme locus (coding for lactate dehydrogenase A) in brown trout in the small Lakes Bunnersjöarna, Sweden. First, we verified the existence of the two coexisting demes using a 96‐SNP fluidigm array. We then applied whole‐genome resequencing of pooled DNA to explore genome‐wide diversity within and between these demes; nucleotide diversity was higher in deme I than in deme II. Strong genetic divergence is observed with genome‐wide FST ≈ 0.2. Compared with data from populations of similar small lakes, this divergence is of similar magnitude as that between reproductively isolated populations. Individual whole‐genome resequencing of two individuals per deme suggests higher inbreeding in deme II versus deme I, indicating different degree of isolation. We located two gene‐copies for LDH‐A and found divergence between demes in a regulatory section of one of these genes. However, we did not find a perfect fit between the sequence data and previous allozyme results, and this will require further research. Our data demonstrates genome‐wide divergence governed mostly by genetic drift but also by diversifying selection in coexisting populations. This type of hidden biodiversity needs consideration in conservation management.
A deterministic algorithm for nonlinear, fatigue‐based structural health monitoring
Authors: Pavlou Dimitrios 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe irregularity of peak and valley stress values of loading histories is the main impediment for accurate fatigue‐based structural health monitoring. Since the available fatigue material data (e.g., S‐N curves) have been derived by cyclic loading tests, and the existing damage accumulation models can be implemented on structures under cyclic loading, cycle‐counting algorithms for the transformation of a spectrum loading into an equivalent cyclic one are necessary for deterministic fatigue damage estimation and life prediction. The existing four cycle‐counting algorithms have an inherent disadvantage; the sequence of the derived cycles is unknown, and the loading sequence effect on the fatigue damage estimation and life prediction cannot be accounted for (linear damage summation). The present work proposes a new damage estimation algorithm containing two modules: a new cycle‐counting algorithm and a new damage summation algorithm. Unlike the existing methods, the proposed algorithm takes into account the loading sequence effect and has a solid physical base because it simulates the nonlinear damage accumulation with a multi‐linear damage summation procedure. With the aid of a new concept of inserting fictitious loading cycles in the irregular spectrum, the proposed cycle counting module counts loading cycles that correspond to loading loops with an algorithm that is easily applicable in engineering practice. According to the author's knowledge, nonlinear damage accumulation estimation in structures under an irregular loading spectrum is carried out for the first time. The effect of the loading sequence to high‐low two‐stage random loading, low‐high two‐stage random loading, decreasing amplitude multi‐stage random loading, increasing amplitude multi‐stage random loading, and alternating amplitude random loading is examined and discussed.
Frege's Critical Arguments for Axioms
Authors: Hutchinson Jim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhy does Frege claim that logical axioms are ‘self‐evident,’ to be recognized as true ‘independently of other truths,’ and then offer arguments for those axioms? I argue that he thinks the arguments provide us with the justification that we need for accepting the axioms and that this is compatible with his remarks about self‐evidence. This compatibility depends on philosophical considerations connected with the ‘critical method’: an interesting approach to the justification of axioms endorsed by leading philosophers at the time.
Identification of quality indicators of public health nursing practice: “modified Delphi” approach
Authors: Giltenane Martina , Sheridan Ann , Kroll Thilo , Frazer Kate 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveIdentify process indicators to measure public health nursing practice during first postnatal visits in Ireland.DesignUsing a RAND/UCLA appropriateness‐ “modified Delphi” method, a two‐round rating and ranking process was completed in 2016. Fifty‐nine statements were reviewed for consensus and priority ranking.SampleThe sample comprised a panel of 21 national and international experts.ResultsFifty‐nine indicators were identified and subsequently reduced across two rounds of consensus testing. Fifty‐six indicators achieved consensus and priority ranking identified 13 indicators to measure care for mothers and 15 indicators to measure care for newborns resulting in 28 process indicators to enable Public Health Nurses (PHNs) to measure care during the first postnatal visit.ConclusionsMeasurement of care using quality indicators plays an integral role in quality improvement. Developing quality indicators is important in improving care outcomes. This two round “modified Delphi” study combined with literature and previous qualitative findings identified process indicators to measure public health nursing practice at first postnatal visits and enables benchmarking. Developing quality indicators for public health nursing practice using a “modified Delphi” technique has enabled a platform to provide consensus amongst a panel of experts and identified key processes of care by PHNs and mothers.