bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The psychosocial response to a terrorist attack at Manchester Arena, 2017: a process evaluation
Authors: Hind Daniel , Allsopp Kate , Chitsabesan Prathiba , French Paul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
A 2017 terrorist attack in Manchester, UK, affected large numbers of adults and young people. During the response phase (first seven weeks), a multi-sector collaborative co-ordinated a decentralised response. In the subsequent recovery phase they implemented a centralised assertive outreach programme, ‘The Resilience Hub’, to screen and refer those affected. We present a process evaluation conducted after 1 year.

Methods
Case study, involving a logic modelling approach, aggregate routine data, and semi-structured interviews topic guides based on the Inter-Agency Collaboration Framework and May’s Normalisation Process Theory. Leaders from health, education and voluntary sectors (n = 21) and frontline Resilience Hub workers (n = 6) were sampled for maximum variation or theoretically, then consented and interviewed. Framework analysis of transcripts was undertaken by two researchers.

Results
Devolved government, a collaborative culture, and existing clinical networks meant that, in the response phase, a collaboration was quickly established between health and education. All but one leader evaluated the response positively, although they were not involved in pre-disaster statutory planning. However, despite overwhelming positive feedback there were clear difficulties. (1) Some voluntary sector colleagues felt that it took some time for them to be involved. (2) Other VCSE organisations were accused of inappropriate, harmful use of early intervention. (3) The health sector were accused of overlooking those below the threshold for clinical treatment. (4) There was a perception that there were barriers to information sharing across organisations, which was particularly evident in relation to attempts to outreach to first responders and other professionals who may have been affected by the incident. (5) Hub workers encountered barriers to referring people who live outside of Greater Manchester. After 1 year of the recovery phase, 877 children and young people and 2375 adults had completed screening via the Resilience Hub, 79% of whom lived outside Greater Manchester.

Conclusions
The psychosocial response to terrorist attacks and other contingencies should be planned and practiced before the event, including reviews of communications, protocols, data sharing procedures and workforce capacity. Further research is needed to understand how the health and voluntary sectors can best collaborate in the wake of future incidents.
Robustness of magnetic resonance radiomic features to pixel size resampling and interpolation in patients with cervical cancer
Authors: Park Shin-Hyung , Lim Hyejin , Bae Bong Kyung , Hahm Myong Hun , Chong Gun Oh , Jeong Shin Young , Kim Jae-Chul 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Radiomics is a promising field in oncology imaging. However, the implementation of radiomics clinically has been limited because its robustness remains unclear. Previous CT and PET studies suggested that radiomic features were sensitive to variations in pixel size and slice thickness of the images. The purpose of this study was to assess robustness of magnetic resonance (MR) radiomic features to pixel size resampling and interpolation in patients with cervical cancer.

Methods
This retrospective study included 254 patients with a pathological diagnosis of cervical cancer stages IB to IVA who received definitive chemoradiation at our institution between January 2006 and June 2020. Pretreatment MR scans were analyzed. Each region of cervical cancer was segmented on the axial gadolinium-enhanced T1- and T2-weighted images; 107 radiomic features were extracted. MR scans were interpolated and resampled using various slice thicknesses and pixel spaces. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated between the original images and images that underwent pixel size resampling (OP), interpolation (OI), or pixel size resampling and interpolation (OP+I) as well as among processed image sets with various pixel spaces (P), various slice thicknesses (I), and both (P + I).

Results
After feature standardization, ≥86.0% of features showed good robustness when compared between the original and processed images (OP, OI, and OP+I) and ≥ 88.8% of features showed good robustness when processed images were compared (P, I, and P + I). Although most first-order, shape, and texture features showed good robustness, GLSZM small-area emphasis-related features and NGTDM strength were sensitive to variations in pixel size and slice thickness.

Conclusion
Most MR radiomic features in patients with cervical cancer were robust after pixel size resampling and interpolation following the feature standardization process. The understanding regarding the robustness of individual features after pixel size resampling and interpolation could help future radiomics research.
Evaluating variability in coseismic slips of paleoearthquakes from an incomplete slip history: an example from displaced terrace flights across the Kamishiro fault, central Japan
Authors: Takahashi Naoya , Toda Shinji 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExamining the regularity in slip over seismic cycles leads to an understanding of earthquake recurrence and provides the basis for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. Systematic analysis of three-dimensional paleoseismic trenches and analysis of offset markers along faults reveal slip history. Flights of displaced terraces have also been used to study slips of paleoearthquakes when the number of earthquakes contributing to the observed displacement of a terrace is known. This study presents a Monte Carlo-based approach to estimating slip variability using displaced terraces when a detailed paleoseismic record is not available. First, we mapped fluvial terraces across the Kamishiro fault, which is an intra-plate reverse fault in central Japan, and systematically measured the cumulative dip slip of the mapped terraces. By combining these measurements with the age of the paleoearthquakes, we estimated the amount of dip slip for the penultimate event (PE) and antepenultimate event (APE) to be 1.6 and 3.4 m, respectively. The APE slip was nearly three times larger than the most recent event of 2014 (Mw 6.2): 1.2 m. This suggests that the rupture length of the APE was much longer than that of the 2014 event and the entire Kamishiro fault ruptured with adjacent faults during the APE. Thereafter, we performed the Monte Carlo simulations to explore the possible range of the coefficient of variation for slip per event (COVs). The simulation considered all the possible rupture histories in terms of the number of events and their slip amounts. The resulting COVs typically ranged between 0.3 and 0.54, indicating a large variation in the slip per event of the Kamishiro fault during the last few thousand years. To test the accuracy of our approach, we performed the same simulation to a fault whose slip per event was well constrained. The result showed that the error in the COVs estimate was less than 0.15 in 86% of realizations, which was comparable to the uncertainty in COVs derived from a paleoseismic trenching. Based on the accuracy test, we conclude that the Monte Carlo-based approach should help assess the regularity of earthquakes using an incomplete paleoseismic record.
Lack of correlation of Brucella antibody titers with clinical outcomes and culture positivity of brucellosis
Authors: Alsubaie Shahad A. , Turkistani Shouq A. , Zeaiter Alanoud A. , Thabit Abrar K. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella spp., namely B. melitensis and B. abortus in humans. Culturing is the gold standard method for diagnosis; however, because Brucella is a slow-growing bacterium, which may delay diagnosis, other faster methods, such as serology, are used. Studies on the correlation between Brucella antibody titers and clinical outcomes are limited. Therefore, this study assessed such correlation and evaluated the correlation between baseline serological results with culture positivity and clinical picture.

Methods
Patients tested positive for Brucella antibodies at baseline and diagnosed with brucellosis between January 2008 and December 2018 were included. Collected data included clinical outcomes, baseline culture positivity (growth in culture), arthralgia, baseline and end of therapy (EOT) temperature, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein level, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Results
Of 695 patients tested for Brucella antibodies, only 94 had positive baseline serology and diagnosed with acute brucellosis, among whom 63 had EOT serology. No significant correlations were found between EOT antibody titers of both Brucella spp. and clinical cure, mortality, length of stay, and duration of therapy. Additionally, no correlations were found between baseline serology and culture positivity, arthralgia, temperature, and other lab values.

Conclusion
Brucella serology does not correlate with clinical outcomes at EOT nor with culture positivity at baseline. Therefore, healthcare providers are advised to consider the whole clinical picture of a brucellosis patient without relying solely on serological results during follow up and not replace culturing with serology testing alone at the time of diagnosis.
Efficacy, safety and phytochemistry of medicinal plants used for the management of diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia: a systematic review
Authors: Deyno Serawit , Eneyew Kassahun , Seyfe Sisay , Wondim Elias 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Despite tremendous developments in synthetic medicine, medicinal plants are still commonly used for the management of diabetes mellitus. This study synthesized scientific evidence on commonly used medicinal plants for the management of diabetes mellitus (DM) in Ethiopia.

Methods
Databases (PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL and Google Scholar) have been thoroughly sought and evidence was synthesized.

Results
Thirty studies conducted anti-diabetic activities studies on 19 medicinal plants in Ethiopia. Most of the studies were in vivo studies (25). Others include; clinical study (1), in vitro studies (2), and both in vivo and in vitro study (2). Trigonella foenum-graecum L., clinical study, showed an improved lipid profile in type II diabetic patients. Comparable blood sugar level (BSL) lowering effect to glibenclimide was observed with Persea Americana and Moringa stenopetala. Noteworthy in vitro half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50) of Aloe megalacantha B and Aloe monticola R were observed. Animal model studies demonstrated the relative safety of the plants extract and phytochemistry studies showed various components.

Conclusion
Medicinal plants used for management of diabetes mellitus in Ethiopia are worthy for further study for pharmacologically active ingredients and clinical evaluation.
Prevalence of substance use disorders in an urban and a rural area in Suriname
Authors: Jadnanansing Raj , Blankers Matthijs , Dwarkasing Rudi , Etwaroo Kajal , Lumsden Vincent , Dekker Jack , Bipat Robbert 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Alcohol use disorders (AUD) have the worst impact in low-middle-income countries (LMICs), where the disease burden per liter of alcohol consumed is higher than in wealthy populations. Furthermore, the median treatment gap for AUDs in LMICs is 78.1%. The highest prevalence of AUDs worldwide in 2004 was found in the western Pacific region, Southeast Asia, and the Americas. The main aim of this study was to estimate and compare the prevalence of risky alcohol use and the extent of the treatment gap in a rural (Nickerie) and in an urban (Paramaribo) area in Suriname, a LMICs country with a wide variety of ethnic groups.

Methods
The respondents were randomly recruited using a specific sampling method of the National Census Bureau. The final samples were 1837 households for Paramaribo and 1026 for Nickerie, reflecting the populations in both regions. The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) were used to assess the likelihood of the presence of alcohol use disorder. A score of > 7 for the AUDIT implies risky alcohol use.

Results
The results indicated that 2% of the women and 15% of the men in the rural area scored 8 or higher on the AUDIT. In the urban area, these numbers were 3% and 17%, respectively. In both samples, the men had the highest addiction risk at about 16% compared with 2% for females. Married persons are significantly less likely to become alcoholic than singles and other groups in Paramaribo. In both areas, higher education was associated with a lower probability of alcohol abuse and dependence, while handymen showed a higher odd. A treatment gap of 50% was found for alcohol use disorders in the rural area. The corresponding gap in the urban area was 64%.

Conclusions
Surinamese men show a high prevalence of the likelihood of AUD. In addition, the treatment gap for these possible patients is large. It is therefore of paramount importance to develop therapeutic strategies with the aim of tackling this physically and mentally disabling disorder. Tailored E-health programs may be of benefit.
Development of a recombinase polymerase amplification combined with lateral flow dipstick assay for rapid and sensitive detection of bean common mosaic virus
Authors: Qin Jiachao , Yin Zhe , Shen Danyu , Chen Huatao , Chen Xin , Cui Xiaoyan , Chen Xuehao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBean common mosaic virus (BCMV) is one of the most widespread and damaging viruses of cultivated legumes in the world. In addition to serious yield reduction and germplasm decline, BCMV infection also makes legumes more vulnerable to other pathogens. Early diagnosis of the virus is particularly important in limiting its spread. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) is a novel isothermic amplification technology. The whole reaction can be done outside the laboratory environment after the nucleic acid sample is obtained. In this study, we established a rapid and sensitive RPA combined with the lateral flow dipstick (LFD) assay for detection of BCMV, based on the conserved BCMV coat protein (CP) gene sequence. Specific primers and a probe were designed, which amplify ~ 150 bp CP fragments from BCMV-infected samples under a constant temperature of 37 °C for 20 min. The end-labeled amplification products were detected by high-affinity LFD within 5 min. Sensitivity of this RPA-LFD assay was 1000 times greater than that of the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Furthermore, when the primers/probe were used against related potyviruses including soybean mosaic virus (SMV), bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), and turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), the three potyviruses were not detected, indicating that the assay was BCMV species-specific. The RPA-LFD assay was also successfully applied for the detection of seed-borne BCMV in beans. The RPA-LFD assay has great potential application in the rapid diagnosis of BCMV in the field.
Duodenal angiodysplasia: a case report
Authors: Ali Tamer A. , Ibrahim Wael , Tawab Mohamed A. , ElHariri Mona Abdel Ghaffar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Angiodysplasia (AD) is an abnormal, ectatic dilated, tortuous blood vessel that is found in the mucosa and the submucosa of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). While colonic angiodysplasia is a recognized finding of the lower intestinal tract in the elderly, small intestinal angiodysplasia is rare. However, it is an important reason of GIT bleeding so its detection and proper management can be a challenge. It should be considered among the differential diagnosis in the scenario of mild or intermittent GIT bleedings of obscure cause.

Case presentation
A 71-year-old woman was presented to our emergency department with hypovolemic shock due to lower GIT bleeding, and she was suffering of melena and severe anemia. The revision of past medical history revealed a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic renal disease. After stabilization, she underwent abdominal computed tomography (CT) which revealed a small abnormal vascular lesion along the anterior and posterior wall of the 2nd part of the duodenum. It appeared as blush of contrast in the arterial phase (representing dilated mucosal capillaries draining into tortuous submucosal vein) suggestive of vascular lesion (duodenal angiodysplasia). The patient was transferred to undergo an angiogram which confirmed the diagnosis of duodenal angiodysplasia. Super selective cannulation of the feeding artery was performed followed by post coiling angiogram which revealed successful embolization. No acute complications were encountered during or immediately after procedure.

Conclusion
AD is a rare but important cause that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of GIT bleeding especially in the older patients. It should be looked for in CT angiography done in such a clinical situation. Superselective coil embolization is a safe and effective technique to manage bowel AD.
Impact of Organ Function–Based Clinical Trial Eligibility Criteria in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Who Gets Left Behind?
Authors: Khurana Arushi , Mwangi Raphael , Nowakowski Grzegorz S. , Habermann Thomas M. , Ansell Stephen M. , LaPlant Betsy R. , Link Brian K. , Cerhan James R. , Maurer Matthew J. , Witzig Thomas E. 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE Exclusion of patients needing urgent treatment or requiring novel biomarkers before enrollment has impacted the ability to enroll real-world patients in frontline trials of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The impact of baseline organ function–based eligibility criteria on this effect and clinical trial exclusion is less well-understood. METHODS Consecutive patients with newly diagnosed lymphoma were enrolled from 2002 to 2015 into the Molecular Epidemiology Resource (MER) of the University of Iowa and Mayo Clinic Lymphoma Specialized Program of Research Excellence. The current analysis includes 1,265 patients with DLBCL receiving standard immunochemotherapy. Organ function parameters were identified from criteria for hemoglobin, absolute neutrophil count, platelet count, creatinine clearance, and bilirubin, as reported in frontline DLBCL trials. Abstracted laboratory values from MER were used to determine the percent (%) of patients excluded. Outcomes and cause-of-death analyses comparing ineligible and eligible groups in MER were conducted. An interactive online tool was developed to estimate exclusions based on organ function for future trial design. RESULTS Between 9% and 24% of MER patients with DLBCL receiving standard immunochemotherapy were excluded on the basis of baseline organ function alone. Ineligible patients based on organ function had significantly inferior event-free survival (hazard ratios, 1.67-2.16), overall survival (hazard ratios, 1.87-2.56), and event-free survival at 24 months (odds ratio, 1.71-2.16). Ineligible patients were more likely to die from lymphoma progression than increased therapy-related complications. CONCLUSION Current national and international trials exclude up to 24% of patients from participation on the basis of organ function alone. A significant difference in the outcomes, notably lymphoma-related death, suggests issues with generalization and potential exclusion of high-risk patients. These data will help future clinical trial development and meet US Food and Drug Administration and ASCO recommendations to increase trial accrual.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic Surge on Radiation Treatment: Report From a Multicenter New York Area Institution
Authors: Teckie Sewit , Andrews Janna Zeola , Chen William Chun-Ying , Goenka Anuj , Koffler Daniel , Adair Nilda , Potters Louis 
Published: February 2021

PURPOSE: During the COVID-19 surge months of March and April 2020, our New York multicenter health system experienced an influx of cases with COVID-19. We sought to study the impact of the surge period on patients with cancer prescribed radiation treatment (RT). METHODS: We reviewed our secure departmental quality assurance database for all patients who underwent RT planning simulations from March 6, 2020, through April 30, 2020. A priority level between 1 and 3 was prospectively assigned to each case based on faculty consensus to determine which patients required immediate RT. In May 2020, each faculty physician again retrospectively reviewed their patients from the database and provided additional commentary on how the COVID-19 pandemic had affected each patient's care. All statistics are descriptive. RESULTS: A total of 412 RT courses in 406 unique patients were simulated for linear accelerator–based external beam RT. The median age was 66 years. Treatment intent was curative in 70.6% and palliative in 29.4%. Of the 412 cases, 66.7% were priority 1, 25% priority 2, and 7.8% priority 3. Two hundred thirty-nine cases (58%) underwent standard-of-care diagnosis, workup, and treatment plan. Seventeen patients (4.1%) electively canceled their RT, and 17 others (4.1%) electively delayed RT start. Thirty-four (8.3%) were prescribed hypofractionation to shorten their RT course, and 22 (5.3%) had a change in modality. Incomplete or delayed workup was identified in 19 cases (4.6%). CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic surge resulted in 42% of our patients having a non–standard-of-care pathway. This outcome demonstrates a significant impact of the COVID-19 crisis on routine cancer care.