bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
15N NMR studies provide insights into physico-chemical properties of room-temperature ionic liquids
Authors: Wiedemann Christoph , Fushman David , Bordusa Frank 
Published: May 2021

Ionic liquids (ILs) have gained a lot of attention as alternative solvents in many fields of science in the last two decades. We used direct 15N NMR measurements to characterize physico-chemical properties of room-temperature ILs.
Differentiated 4,4-dimethylsterols from vegetable oils reduce fat deposition depending on the NHR-49/SCD pathway inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Zhang Tao , Xie Liangliang , Liu Ruijie , Chang Ming , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo 
Published: May 2021

4,4-Dimethylsterols from vegetable oil can inhibit fat deposition via regulating the NHR-49/SCD pathway in C. elegans.
Measurement Properties of Social Communication Assessments for Transition-Age Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Authors: Poll Gerard H. , Maskalunas Caitlyn , Walls Lauren , Durbin Samantha , Hunken Haley , Petru Janis 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
An important role of social communication assessment is to support intervention planning as adolescents with disabilities transition to workplaces and other adult settings. Adoption of evidence-based assessment practices would align professionals with legal and ethical mandates for schools and other settings. There is, however, limited adoption of evidence-based assessment selection. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) provide a structured approach to identifying assessments with sufficient validity and reliability backed by strong evidence. The purpose of this review was to identify directly administered social communication assessments for adolescents and to apply the COSMIN framework to evaluate their measurement properties.

Method
A systematic search identified 13 assessments designed for 14- to 21-year-olds with developmental disabilities putting them at risk for social communication deficits. Measurement properties were extracted from included studies and rated for sufficiency. The quality of evidence supporting the findings was graded using COSMIN guidelines.

Results
Five social communication assessments were recommended as having sufficient evidence of content validity and internal consistency. Remaining assessments could be recommended as gaps in the evidence for their measurement properties are filled.

Conclusions
The application of the COSMIN standards has the potential to advance evidence-based assessment for social communication. There were important gaps in the independent replication of measurement properties and methodological shortcomings in the evaluation of reliability, measurement error, and structural validity.
Active galactic nuclei catalog from the AKARI NEP-Wide field
Authors: Poliszczuk Artem , Pollo Agnieszka , Małek Katarzyna , Durkalec Anna , Pearson William J. , Goto Tomotsugu , Jin Kim Seong , Malkan Matthew , Oi Nagisa , Ho Simon C.-C. , Shim Hyunjin , Pearson Chris , Seong Hwang Ho , Toba Yoshiki , Kim Eunbin 
Published: May 2021

Context.The north ecliptic pole (NEP) field provides a unique set of panchromatic data that are well suited for active galactic nuclei (AGN) studies. The selection of AGN candidates is often based on mid-infrared (MIR) measurements. Such methods, despite their effectiveness, strongly reduce the breadth of resulting catalogs due to the MIR detection condition. Modern machine learning techniques can solve this problem by finding similar selection criteria using only optical and near-infrared (NIR) data.Aims.The aim of this study is to create a reliable AGN candidates catalog from the NEP field using a combination of optical SUBARU/HSC and NIR AKARI/IRC data and, consequently, to develop an efficient alternative for the MIR-based AKARI/IRC selection technique.Methods.We tested set of supervised machine learning algorithms for the purposes of carrying out an efficient process for AGN selection. The best models were compiled into a majority voting scheme, which used the most popular classification results to produce the final AGN catalog. An additional analysis of the catalog properties was performed as a spectral energy distribution fitting via the CIGALE software.Results.The obtained catalog of 465 AGN candidates (out of 33 119 objects) is characterized by 73% purity and 64% completeness. This new classification demonstrates a suitable consistency with the MIR-based selection. Moreover, 76% of the obtained catalog can be found solely using the new method due to the lack of MIR detection for most of the new AGN candidates. The training data, codes, and final catalog are available via the github repository. The final catalog of AGN candidates is also available via the CDS service.Conclusions.The new selection methods presented in this paper are proven to be a better alternative for the MIR color AGN selection. Machine learning techniques not only show similar effectiveness, but also involve less demanding optical and NIR observations, substantially increasing the extent of available data samples.
The Oxygen Saturation in the Retinal Vessels of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus – The Search for Determinants
Authors: Stodtmeister Richard , Mielke Vivien , Sandner Dirk 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Introduction Oxygen saturation in retinal vessels can be non-invasively measured by a new method. It is known that oxygen extraction is lowered in diabetic retinopathy. In the
cross-sectional study presented here, it has been investigated whether diabetes-specific changes and typical accompanying diseases could influence the measurements in oximetry.
Methods During a time span of seven months, 237 diabetics were included who came to our clinic for an intravitreal injection, who met the inclusion criteria, who showed no exclusion
criteria and gave written consent. 203 eyes of 203 patients were evaluated. The oxygen saturation (SO2) was measured in digitally stored fundus images taken with a fundus camera
(Zeiss 450 FF). In its illumination beam, a filter was inserted with two transmission maxima at 584 nm and 610 nm (bandwidth 10 nm). With the program “Oximetry” (Imedos Systems, Jena,
Germany), the venous and the arterial SO2 were measured. The values were stored in a spreadsheet. Diabetes related data, clinical parameters and accompanying diseases were
documented in the predefined scheme.
Results In the whole patient sample, the venous oxygen saturation (vSO2) was 69 ± 12%, the arterial saturation (aSO2) 99 ± 5% and the arteriovenous difference
31 ± 9%. A statistically significant association could not be found between the measurement values of oximetry and age, duration of diabetes and HbA1c (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA:
p > 0.05). The differences in oximetry values between units of analysis (UOA) e.g. hypertension and non units of analysis (NOA) were analysed. Descriptive testing showed significant
differences in vSO2% in the following units of analysis: allergies n = 47: UOA vs. NUOA: 64 vs. 69 (t test: p < 0.02); sartan therapy n = 46: UOA vs. NUOA: 64 vs. 70
(p = 0.003); state after intravitreal injections n = 144: 68 vs. 71 (p = 0.02). Oxygen extraction from the retinal capillaries was improved in patients who had injections with VEGF
inhibitors. An improvement in oxygen extraction is also seen in patients with allergies and hypertension in comparison to those without these units of analysis.
Conclusion The clinically observed improvement in the retinal state situation after intravitreal injections with VEGF inhibitors may be seen in association with the improved oxygen
extraction. It seems reasonable to study whether a switch to sartans in the therapy of hypertension may improve retinal function.
Covid-19 und die positiven Erfahrungen mit Homöopathie
Authors: Wurster Jens 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie homöopathische und naturheilkundliche Behandlung hat sich bei Covid-19, bei den akuten Beschwerden, den Folgeschäden und auch bei Long Covid als wirksam erwiesen. Anhand von 12 dokumentierten Kasuistiken wird die homöopathische Vorgehensweise bei der Behandlung von Covid-19 beschrieben. Vitamin D und spezifische Nahrungsergänzungsmittel sind wichtig für die Prophylaxe und einen beschleunigten Heilungsverlauf.
Endoscopic-Assisted Resection of Anterior Foramen Magnum Meningiomas through a Midline Suboccipital Subtonsillar Approach
Authors: Roser Florian , Rigante Luigi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective This study was aimed to demonstrate the resection of anterior foramen magnum meningiomas through an endoscopic-assisted posterior midline suboccipital subtonsillar approach.
Design This study was designed with illustration of the surgical steps and safety of this approach.
Setting Evidence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cleft between the tumor and brainstem on MRI was studied (Fig. 1A and B). Preoperative tracheotomy was considered in cases of preoperative dysphagia to prevent any further neurological deterioration due to the bilateral access through the lower cranial nerves corridors. Semisitting position with extensive electrophysiological neuromonitoring and transesophageal echocardiogram was adopted. A standard midline incision with bilateral suboccipital craniotomy and C1-laminotomy was performed (Fig. 2A). After partial resection and elevation of the tonsils, tumor was debulked unilaterally around the lower cranial nerves and the vertebral artery, devascularized from the clival dura and then dissected from the brainstem (Fig. 2B, C). Endoscopic-assisted removal of its anterior portion followed. The same procedure was repeated from the opposite site for the contralateral portion, before approaching the purely anterior part with endoscope assistance (Fig. 2D).
Participants Four consecutive patients were included in the study.
Main Outcome Measures Grade of tumor resection and outcome (mRS) were primary measurement of this study.
Results Clinical outcome and grade of resection are comparable to other series of patient treated with other foramen magnum approaches (Fig. 1C and D).
Conclusion Anterior foramen magnum meningiomas can be safely removed through this relatively faster midline suboccipital approach with bilateral exposure of lower cranial nerves (CNs) and vertebral arteries and lower approach-related morbidity (no condyle drilling). The surgical corridor is created by the tumor during debulking reducing need for brain retraction and the removal of the anterior dural attachment coagulated under the microscope is verified and completed endoscopically with pituitary curettes (Simpson's grade II) (Fig. 1C and D).The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/9eACAJVwQBs.
The Association between Therapeutic Alliance and Parental Health Outcomes following a Child's Death in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Suttle Markita , Hall Mark W. , Pollack Murray M. , Berg Robert A. , McQuillen Patrick S. , Mourani Peter M. , Sapru Anil , Carcillo Joseph A. , Startup Emily , Holubkov Richard , Dean Jonathan Michael , Notterman Daniel A. , Meert Kathleen L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTherapeutic alliance reflects the strength and quality of the physician–patient/family relationship. We investigated the association between therapeutic alliance and bereaved parents' mental health and perceived overall health following their child's death in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Bereaved parents were surveyed 6 months after their child's death in a PICU affiliated with the Collaborative Pediatric Critical Care Research Network. Parents were evaluated for complicated grief, depression, and post-traumatic stress using the Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), and the Short Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Rating Interview (SPRINT), respectively. Overall health was evaluated using a single item. Therapeutic alliance between parents and their deceased child's PICU physicians was assessed using the Human Connection scale (HCS). Two hundred and thirty-five parents of 158 deceased children completed surveys. Mean ICG score was 34.4 ± 14.9 with 142 (60.4%) parents screening positive for complicated grief. Mean PHQ-8 score was 9.1 ± 6.2 with 102 (43.4%) screening positive for at least moderate depression. Mean SPRINT score was 14.6 ± 8.2 with 122 (51.9%) screening positive for post-traumatic stress disorder. Overall health was perceived as fair for 47 (20.0%) parents and poor for 10 (4.3%). Using multivariable modeling, higher HCS score (greater therapeutic alliance) was significantly associated with lower (better) ICG score (−0.23, 95% CI −0.42, −0.04, p = 0.018). HCS score was not significantly associated with PHQ-8, SPRINT, or overall health scores. We conclude that bereaved parents experience a high level of adverse mental health symptoms including complicated grief, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Greater therapeutic alliance with PICU physicians may lessen symptoms of complicated grief during bereavement.
Radioembolization in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Deipolyi Amy , Bryce Yolanda , Gandhi Ripal 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMetastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains the second cause of cancer death in women, despite improvements in early breast cancer detection and treatments, with a 5-year survival of only 27%. Patients with MBC involving the liver have a 5-year survival of only 3.8 to 12%. Systemic therapy is the cornerstone for the treatment of MBC according to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines. Radioembolization is not specifically prescribed by the NCCN guidelines in the treatment of MBC liver metastasis, but is an emerging therapy with some promising results. The two primary reasons to offer radioembolization would be to prolong life and to palliate and improve quality of life. We review here the indications, contraindications, technique, case examples, and unanswered questions.
Risk Factors and Reconstruction Techniques for Persistent Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Posterior Fossa
Authors: Torres-Bayona Sergio , Velasquez Nathalia , Nakassa Ana , Eguiluz-Melendez Aldo , Hernandez Vanessa , Vega Belen , Borghei-Razavi Hamid , Miranda-Acosta Yeiris , Wang Eric W. , Snyderman Carl H. , Gardner Paul A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background High-flow skull base dural defects are associated with an increased risk of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks.
Objective This study aimed to identify the risk factors for persistent postoperative CSF leak after endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) and determine the ideal reconstruction strategy after initial failed repair.
Methods Patients with CSF leak after intradural EES between October 2000 and February 2017 were identified. Cases with persistent CSF leak were compared with patients with similar pathologic diagnosis without a persistent leak to identify additional risk factors.
Results Two hundred and twenty-three out of 3,232 patients developed postoperative CSF leak. Persistent leaks requiring more than one postoperative repair occurred in 7/223 patients (3.1%). All seven had undergone intradural approach to the posterior fossa for resection of recurrent/residual clival chordomas. This group was matched with 25 patients with recurrent/residual clival chordoma who underwent EES without postoperative CSF leak (control group). Age, gender, history of diabetes, smoking, or radiotherapy were not statistically different between the groups. Obesity (body mass index > 30) was significantly more common in the group with persistent leak (86%) compared with controls (36%) (p = 0.02). All patients with a persistent CSF leak developed meningitis (p = 0.001). Five patients with persistent leak required a pericranial flap to achieve definitive repair.
Conclusion Multiple recurrent CSF leak after EES primarily occurs following resection of recurrent/residual posterior fossa chordoma. Obesity is a major risk factor and meningitis is universal with persistent leak. Flap necrosis may play a role in the development of persistent CSF leaks, and the use of secondary vascularized flaps, specifically extracranial–pericranial flaps, should be considered as an early rescue option in obese patients.
Ergonomics in Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery: A Survey of the North American Skull Base Society
Authors: Mattogno Pier Paolo , Marciano Filippo , Catalino Michael P. , Mattavelli Davide , Cocca Paola , Lopomo Nicola Francesco , Nicolai Piero , Laws Edward R. , Witterick Ian , Raza Shaan M. , Devaiah Anand K. , Lauretti Liverana , Olivi Alessandro , Fontanella Marco M. , Gentili Fred , Doglietto Francesco 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective Different surgical set-ups for endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (ETS) have been described, but studies on their ergonomics are limited. The aim of this article is to describe present trends in the ergonomics of ETS.
Design and Participants A 33-question, web-based survey was sent to North American Skull Base Society members in 2018 and 116 responded to it (16% of all members). Most respondents were from North America (76%), in academic practice (87%), and neurosurgeons (65%); they had more than 5 years of experience in ETS (73%), had received specific training (66%), and performed at least 5 procedures/mo (55%).
Results Mean reported time for standard and complex procedures were 3.7 and 6.3 hours, respectively. The patient's body is usually positioned in a straight, supine position (84%); the head is in a neutral position (46%) or rotated to the side (38%). Most surgeons perform a binostril technique, work with a partner (95%), and operate standing (94%), holding suction (89%) and dissector (83%); sometimes the endoscope is held by the primary surgeon (22–24%). The second surgeon usually holds the endoscope (72%) and irrigation (42%). During tumor removal most surgeons stand on the same side (65–66%). Many respondents report strain at the dorsolumbar (50%) or cervical (26%) level. Almost one-third of surgeons incorporate a pause during surgery to stretch, and approximately half exercise to be fit for surgery; 16% had sought medical attention for ergonomic-related symptoms.
Conclusion Most respondents value ergonomics in ETS. The variability in surgical set-ups and the relatively high report of complaints underline the need for further studies to optimize ergonomics in ETS.
Role of Extradural Clinoidectomy and Optic Unroofing in Resection of an Anterior Clinoidal Meningioma with Encasement of the Internal Carotid Artery and Its Branches
Authors: Sayyahmelli Sima , Sun Zhaoliang , Avci Emel , Başkaya Mustafa K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnterior clinoidal meningiomas (ACMs) remain a major neurosurgical challenge. The skull base techniques, including extradural clinoidectomy and optic unroofing performed at the early stage of surgery, provide advantages for improving the extent of resection, and thereby enhancing overall outcome, and particularly visual function. Additionally, when the anterior clinoidal meningiomas encase neurovascular structures, particularly the supraclinoid internal carotid artery and its branches, this further increases morbidity and decreases the extent of resection. Although it might be possible to remove the tumor from the artery wall despite complete encasement or narrowing, the decision of whether the tumor can be safely separated from the arterial wall ultimately must be made intraoperatively.The patient is a 75-year-old woman with right-sided progressive vision loss. In the neurological examination, she only had light perception in the right eye without any visual acuity or peripheral loss in the left eye. MRI showed a homogeneously enhancing right-sided anterior clinoidal mass with encasing and narrowing of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA). Computed tomography (CT) angiography showed a mild narrowing of the right supraclinoid ICA with associated a 360-degree encasement. The decision was made to proceed using a pterional approach with extradural anterior clinoidectomy and optic unroofing. The surgery and postoperative course were uneventful. MRI confirmed gross total resection (Figs. 1 and 2). The histopathology was a meningothelial meningioma, World Health Organization (WHO) grade I. The patient continues to do well without any recurrence and has shown improved vision at 15-month follow-up.This video demonstrates important steps of the microsurgical skull base techniques for resection of these challenging tumors.The link to the video can be found at https://youtu.be/vt3o1c2o8Z0
When the lens is too wide: The political consequences of the visual dehumanization of refugees
Authors: Azevedo Ruben T. , De Beukelaer Sophie , Jones Isla L. , Safra Lou , Tsakiris Manos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhotojournalistic images shape our understanding of sociopolitical events. How humans are depicted in images may have far-reaching consequences for our attitudes towards them. Social psychology has shown how the visualization of an ‘identifiable victim effect’ can elicit empathic responses. However, images of identifiable victims in the media are the exception rather than the norm. In the context of the Syrian refugee crisis, the majority of images in Western media depicted refugees as large unidentifiable groups. While the effects of the visual depiction of single individuals are well-known, the ways in which the visual framing of large groups operates, and its social and political consequences, remain unknown. We here focus on the visual depiction of refugees to understand how exposure to the dominant visual framing used in the media, depicting them in large groups of faceless individuals, affects their dehumanization and sets off political consequences. To that end we brought together insights from social psychology, social sciences and the humanities to test a range of hypotheses using methods from social and political psychology in 10 studies with the participation of 3951 European citizens. Seeing images of large groups resulted in greater implicit dehumanization compared with images depicting refugees in small groups. Images of large groups are also explicitly rated as more dehumanizing, and when coupled with meta-data such as newspaper headlines, images continue to play a significant and independent role on how (de)humanizing we perceive such news coverage to be. Moreover, after viewing images of large groups, participants showed increased preference for more dominant and less trustworthy-looking political leaders and supported fewer pro-refugee policies and more anti-refugee policies. In terms of a mechanistic understanding of these effects, the extent to which participants felt pity for refugees depicted in large groups as opposed to small groups mediated the effect of visual framing on the choice of a more authoritarian-looking leader. What we see in the media and how it is shown not only has consequences for the ways in which we relate to other human beings and our behaviour towards them but, ultimately, for the functioning of our political systems.