bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a primary care research network focused on chronic disease: a feasibility study for both practices and research networks
Authors: O'Connor Raymond , Murphy Patrick J. , O'Callaghan Michael E. , Smith Susan M. , Glynn Liam , Collins Claire , O'Driscoll Rory , Murphy Andrew W. 
Published: August 2021

Background: High quality data should be a key resource for research and planning of healthcare, but low quality general practice data has been documented internationally. This study assessed the feasibility of collecting reliable chronic disease data in Irish general practice, using a program of training and feedback to improve the quality of coding for chronic conditions in practice information systems. Methods: Training in chronic disease coding and reporting was provided to a purposive sample of general practices in Ireland. From July to December 2020, practices reported the number of patients receiving free medical care, and the number of patients coded with each of eight chronic conditions: type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), ischaemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (ATF), transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and cerebrovascular accident/stroke (CVA). Calculated prevalences were compared with national and international estimates. Results: We recruited and trained 16 practices with 65.5 full-time equivalent GPs and a study-eligible patient population of 36,327. There was a large degree of variation across practices for all conditions. For example, in July, reported prevalence of IHD ranged from 0.3% to 10.2% (a 34-fold difference), and reported prevalence of HF ranged from 0.2% to 4.0% (a 20-fold difference). No single practice had high or low prevalences across all conditions. Changes over time across all practices were minimal, averaging between 0.1% and 0.3% for all conditions. By December, a large degree of variation across practices remained. Across all conditions, average prevalences were higher than previously published estimates. Conclusions: Although hampered by the COVID-19 pandemic, it was feasible to implement this programme of training and feedback to report on chronic disease data recorded in general practice. Coding quality in Irish general practice is highly varied, and improvement would require a greater degree of intervention, including audit.
Targets of Hate, Shame or Exploitation?: The (Violent) Conundrum of Sex Work in Democratic South Africa
Authors: Richter Marlise , Wasserman Zia , Lakhani Ishtar 
Published: August 2021

Whorephobia is the fear or hatred of sex workers. Whorephobia manifests in various ways in official legislation, popular consciousness, the medical literature, law enforcement and public responses to sex work. All aspects of sex work are fully criminalised following its origins in archaic colonial law. International and local literature has documented how the criminal law on adult, consensual sex work renders sex workers vulnerable to murder, rape, exploitation and other forms of violence, while increasing their risk of HIV and other forms of ill health. This vulnerability impacts directly on public health, while making society less safe. Deeply worryingly, recent recommendations from the South African Law Reform Commission (2017) urged the Department of Justice to maintain this status quo.
This article explores whorephobia in the South African context through two case studies of violence in Cape Town in 2013: the high-profile criminal case of the artist Zwelethu Mthethwa who kicked sex worker Nokuphila Kumalo to death, and Tim Osrin's assault of domestic worker Cynthia Joni. The analysis provides a critique of the power structures created by the criminal law and draws on the theoretical framework of stigma-mitigating strategies within sex work developed by Weitzer. We conclude by arguing that the criminal law supports the radical dehumanisation of sex workers which contributes to manifestations of extreme hatred in the form of hate crimes and torture.
Mode-evolution-based ultra-broadband polarization beam splitter using adiabatically tapered extreme skin-depth waveguide
Authors: Mia Md Borhan , Ahmed Syed Z. , Jaidye Nafiz , Ahmed Ishtiaque , Kim Sangsik 
Published: August 2021

We present an ultra-broadband silicon photonic polarization beam splitter (PBS) using adiabatically tapered extreme skin-depth (eskid) waveguides. Highly anisotropic metamaterial claddings of the eskid waveguides suppress the crosstalk of transverse-electric (TE) mode, while the large birefringence of the eskid waveguide efficiently cross-couples the transverse-magnetic (TM) mode. Two eskid waveguides are adiabatically tapered to smoothly translate TM mode to the coupled port via mode evolution while keeping the TE mode in the through port. The tapered cross-section of the eskid PBS was designed numerically, achieving a large bandwidth at 1400–1650 nm with extinction ratios

>

20

d
B

. We experimentally demonstrated the tapered-eskid PBS and confirmed its broad bandwidth at 1490–1640 nm, limited by laser bandwidth. With its mode evolution, the tapered-eskid PBS is tolerant to fabrication imperfections and should be crucial for controlling polarizations in photonic circuits.
Patterns of prescription dispensation and over-the-counter medication sales in Sweden during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Karlsson Pär , Nakitanda Aya Olivia , Löfling Lukas , Cesta Carolyn E. 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
On February 26th 2020, a high alert was issued in Sweden in response to the diagnosis of the first few coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in the country. Subsequently, a decreased supply of essential goods, including medical products, was anticipated. We aimed to explore the weekly patterns of prescription dispensing and over-the-counter (OTC) medication sales in Sweden in 2020 compared with previous years, to assess the influence of the government restrictions on medication sales, and to assess whether there is evidence of medication stockpiling in the population.

Methods
Aggregated data on the weekly volume of defined daily doses (DDDs) of prescription medication dispensed and OTC sales from 2015 to 2020 were examined. From 2015–2019 data, the predicted weekly volume of DDDs for 2020 was estimated and compared to the observed volume for each ATC anatomical main group and therapeutic subgroup.

Results
From mid-February to mid-March 2020, there were increases in the weekly volumes of dispensed medication, peaking in the second week of March with a 46% increase in the observed versus predicted number of DDDs dispensed (16,440 vs 11,260 DDDs per 1000 inhabitants). A similar pattern was found in all age groups, in both sexes, and across metropolitan and non-metropolitan regions. In the same week in March, there was a 96% increase in the volume of OTC sold (2,504 vs 1,277 DDDs per 1000 inhabitants), specifically in ATC therapeutic subgroups including vitamins, antipyretics, painkillers, and nasal, throat, cough and cold preparations.

Conclusion
Beginning in mid-February 2020, there were significant changes in the volume of prescription medication dispensed and OTC drugs sold. The weekly volume of DDDs quickly decreased following recommendations from public authorities. Overall, our findings suggest stockpiling behavior over a surge in new users of medication.
Identifying Bleeding Etiologies by Endoscopy Affected Outcomes in 10,342 Cases With Hematochezia: CODE BLUE-J Study
Authors: Nagata Naoyoshi , Kobayashi Katsumasa , Yamauchi Atsushi , Yamada Atsuo , Omori Jun , Ikeya Takashi , Aoyama Taiki , Tominaga Naoyuki , Sato Yoshinori , Kishino Takaaki , Ishii Naoki , Sawada Tsunaki , Murata Masaki , Takao Akinari , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Kinjo Ken , Fujimori Shunji , Uotani Takahiro , Fujita Minoru , Sato Hiroki , Suzuki Sho , Narasaka Toshiaki , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Funabiki Tomohiro , Kinjo Yuzuru , Mizuki Akira , Kiyotoki Shu , Mikami Tatsuya , Gushima Ryosuke , Fujii Hiroyuki , Fuyuno Yuta , Gunji Naohiko , Toya Yosuke , Narimatsu Kazuyuki , Manabe Noriaki , Nagaike Koji , Kinjo Tetsu , Sumida Yorinobu , Funakoshi Sadahiro , Kawagishi Kana , Matsuhashi Tamotsu , Komaki Yuga , Miki Kuniko , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Fukuzawa Masakatsu , Itoi Takao , Uemura Naomi , Kawai Takashi , Kaise Mitsuru 
Published: August 2021

INTRODUCTION:
The bleeding source of hematochezia is unknown without performing colonoscopy. We sought to identify whether colonoscopy is a risk-stratifying tool to identify etiology and predict outcomes and whether presenting symptoms can differentiate the etiologies in patients with hematochezia.

METHODS:
This multicenter retrospective cohort study conducted at 49 hospitals across Japan analyzed 10,342 patients admitted for outpatient-onset acute hematochezia.

RESULTS:
Patients were mostly elderly population, and 29.5% had hemodynamic instability. Computed tomography was performed in 69.1% and colonoscopy in 87.7%. Diagnostic yield of colonoscopy reached 94.9%, most frequently diverticular bleeding. Thirty-day rebleeding rates were significantly higher with diverticulosis and small bowel bleeding than with other etiologies. In-hospital mortality was significantly higher with angioectasia, malignancy, rectal ulcer, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Colonoscopic treatment rates were significantly higher with diverticulosis, radiation colitis, angioectasia, rectal ulcer, and postendoscopy bleeding. More interventional radiology procedures were needed for diverticulosis and small bowel bleeding. Etiologies with favorable outcomes and low procedure rates were ischemic colitis and infectious colitis. Higher rates of painless hematochezia at presentation were significantly associated with multiple diseases, such as rectal ulcer, hemorrhoids, angioectasia, radiation colitis, and diverticulosis. The same was true in cases of hematochezia with diarrhea, fever, and hemodynamic instability.

DISCUSSION:
This nationwide data set of acute hematochezia highlights the importance of colonoscopy in accurately detecting bleeding etiologies that stratify patients at high or low risk of adverse outcomes and those who will likely require more procedures. Predicting different bleeding etiologies based on initial presentation would be challenging.
What Can We Learn About Therapeutic Change From Case History Data? The Research Jury Method with the Couple Case of "Carl" and "Sandra"
Authors: Bohart Arthur C. , Shenefiel Lindsey , Alejandro Marco 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore the usefulness of using case history data to assess change in psychotherapy. This was a follow up to previous investigations utilizing a "research jury method" to evaluate psychotherapy outcome. Three judges studied the critical first five sessions of a ten session video of emotionally focused therapy with a couple, Carl and Sandra. They took intensive notes and then functioned as a "jury"” to evaluate the evidence. They concluded that the evidence from within the case history is strong that the couple changed for the better. The evidence also supported the conclusion that therapy contributed to the change, although, by their judgment, at the "preponderance of evidence" level. Finally, the evidence was used to evaluate how therapy contributed to change. It was concluded that the most likely factors contributed by the therapist were her helping the couple see that each other’s underlying intentions were positive, and by fostering their hope. Evidence also supported the contributions the clients themselves made through their taking responsibility for themselves, through their exploring their past experiences, and through their creativity. Limitations are discussed and conclusions for the evaluation of psychotherapy are drawn.
Modeling the spatiotemporal intracellular calcium dynamics in nerve cell with strong memory effects
Authors: Joshi Hardik , Jha Brajesh Kumar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Calcium signaling in nerve cells is a crucial activity for the human brain to execute a diversity of its functions. An alteration in the signaling process leads to cell death. To date, several attempts registered to study the calcium distribution in nerve cells like neurons, astrocytes, etc. in the form of the integer-order model. In this paper, a fractional-order mathematical model to study the spatiotemporal profile of calcium in nerve cells is assembled and analyzed. The proposed model is solved by the finite element method for space derivative and finite difference method for time derivative. The classical case of the calcium dynamics model is recovered by setting the fractional parameter and that validates the model for classical sense. The numerical computations have systematically presented the impact of a fractional parameter on nerve cells. It is observed that calbindin-D28k provides a significant effect on the spatiotemporal variation of calcium profile due to the amalgamation of the memory of nerve cells. The presence of excess amounts of calbindin-D28k controls the intracellular calcium level and prevents the nerve cell from toxicity.
Smart NIR-light and pH responsive doxorubicin-loaded GNRs@SBA-15-SH nanocomposite for chemo-photothermal therapy of cancer
Authors: Deinavizadeh Maryam , Kiasat Alireza , Hooshmand Nasrin , Shafiei Mohammad , Sabaeian Mohammad , Mirzajani Roya , Zahraei Seyed Mohammadsaleh , Labouta Hagar I. , El-Sayed Mostafa A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We designed novel biocompatible nanocomposite composed of gold nanorods coated with rod-like mesoporous silica SBA-15-SH particles, (GNRs@SBA-15-SH) as a new synergistic therapeutic device to deliver heat and drug to cancer cells for tumor eradication. For this purpose, doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into GNRs@SBA-15-SH nanocomposites and studied their photothermal therapy, chemotherapy and the combined effect on the ablation of A549 cells in vitro using human lung cancer cells, A549. The results demonstrate the high photothermal efficacy of gold nanorods loaded into the nanocomposite, the thermo-responsive properties of GNRs@SBA-15-SH, the high loading capacity of DOX into the GNRs@SBA-15-SH and its biocompatibility. Synergistic chemo-photothermal of the GNRs@SBA-15-SH/DOX nanocomposite in the eradication of cancer cells under laser irradiation (808 nm), demonstrates the high potential of therapeutic efficacy of this combined therapy over monotherapies.
Leitmerkmale und Vorgehen einer Implementierung von Exoskeletten
Authors: Hoffmann Niclas , Ralfs Lennart , Weidner Robert 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Physische Unterstützungssysteme wie Exoskelette gewinnen zunehmend an Bedeutung für Industriearbeitsplätze. Dieser Beitrag stellt diesbezüglich eine Vorgehensweise für AnwenderInnen vor, der eine Verwendung von Leitmerkmalen für Unterstützungssituationen zur Ermittlung der Eignung von Exoskeletten nutzt. Beschrieben wird eine nutzerzentrierte Herangehensweise für den Implementierungsprozess von Exoskeletten, welche eine kritische Reflexion über die Eignung eines Exoskeletts auf Basis von Leitmerkmalen fördern soll.
Not Without Their Hijab: Being a Muslim Female Student at A Mid-Southern University
Authors: Mrayan Suhair A , Saleh Amany I 
Published: August 2021

Scholars might agree or disagree on the best definition of Islamophobia, but no one can deny Islamophobia is a very real and dangerous phenomenon in American society. This research examined veiled Muslim students’ experiences and perceptions of a typical American university campus in the aftermath of the most recent terrorist attacks. The findings demonstrated that students perceived the campus community to be tolerant and welcoming. On the other hand, students reported off-campus incidents that speak of ignorance and intolerance of Muslim students. The study provides higher education institutions with insights on how to increase cultural awareness on-and-off campus to correct stereotypes and make Muslim students feel welcomed in their communities. The authors hope to create awareness among students and community members; thereby helping to debunk the stereotypes, and creating a safe and diverse campus for all students. Educators and college leaders can use this knowledge to combat stereotypes and biases; thus making campus a safer and more welcoming environment for all students.
Face Images Classification using VGG-CNN
Authors: Astawa I Nyoman Gede Arya , Radhitya Made Leo , Ardana I Wayan Raka , Dwiyanto Felix Andika 
Published: August 2021

Image classification is a fundamental problem in computer vision. In facial recognition, image classification can speed up the training process and also significantly improve accuracy. The use of deep learning methods in facial recognition has been commonly used. One of them is the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method which has high accuracy. Furthermore, this study aims to combine CNN for facial recognition and VGG for the classification process. The process begins by input the face image. Then, the preprocessor feature extractor method is used for transfer learning. This study uses a VGG-face model as an optimization model of transfer learning with a pre-trained model architecture. Specifically, the features extracted from an image can be numeric vectors. The model will use this vector to describe specific features in an image. The face image is divided into two, 17% of data test and 83% of data train. The result shows that the value of accuracy validation (val_accuracy), loss, and loss validation (val_loss) are excellent. However, the best training results are images produced from digital cameras with modified classifications. Val_accuracy's result of val_accuracy is very high (99.84%), not too far from the accuracy value (94.69%). Those slight differences indicate an excellent model, since if the difference is too much will causes underfit. Other than that, if the accuracy value is higher than the accuracy validation value, then it will cause an overfit. Likewise, in the loss and val_loss, the two values are val_loss (0.69%) and loss value (10.41%).
EDITORIAL
Authors: Vargas Sandra Milena Zambrano 
Published: August 2021

La Revista Inquietud Empresarial es un espacio de divulgación semestralperteneciente a la escuela de Administración de Empresas de la UniversidadPedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, sede Tunja, cuyo contenido va dirigido a la comunidad científica y académica nacional e internacional de las áreas administrativas, económicas y contables.
El Administrador de Empresas y la Responsabilidad Tributaria para el Año 2012
Authors: Galán Milton Orlando Burbano 
Published: August 2021

El presente artículo obedece a las obligaciones tributarias como aportantes en Colombia, puesto que es deber de los ciudadanos contribuir con los ingresos, lo consagra la constitución política de Colombia como fuente formal de los tributos. En momentos como el actual que no solo el Estado busca tener mayores fuentes a través de los impuestos, las personas naturales o jurídicas se ven en la necesidadde ser más productivos, competitivos y permanecer en sus actividades precisamente para poder desarrollarse, crecer, generar empleo y crecimiento económico. Es precisamente por estos motivos que los profesionales de la Administración no deben dejar de lado el conocimiento en la parte tributaria y cómo se obliga a estar actualizado permanentemente en temas tan importantes como es la parte fiscal. Por lo tanto en el proceso de formación como Administradores de Empresas es importante no olvidar, que no solo en las aulas, debemos responsabilizarnos de este tema sino que a través de la vida laboral como dependiente o independiente siempre habrá un hecho generador de la obligación.PALABRAS CLAVE: Obligación tributaria, hecho generador, contribuyente, impuestos, control fiscal, requerimientos.ABSTRACTThis article reflects the tax obligations as contributors in Colombia since it is the duty of citizens to contribute to income, enshrined in the constitution of Colombia as a formal source of taxes. In times like this that not only the State seeks to have greater sources through taxes, natural or legal persons are in the need to be more productive, competitive and remain in their activities precisely to develop,grow, create jobs and economic growth. It is precisely for these reasons that the Administration professionals should not ignore the knowledge and how the tax part agrees to be permanently updated is as important as the fiscal side issues. So in the process of training as business administrators is important to remember that not only in the classroom, must take responsibility for this issue but through working life as a dependent or independent generator will always be a fact of the obligation. KEY WORDSTax liability, the operative event, taxpayer, tax, fiscal control requirements.
Editorial
Authors: Pinéda Marlén Suárez 
Published: August 2021

El compromiso de la universidad con la sociedad es creciente en relación con la apropiación social del conocimiento, ampliando las dinámicas de producción del mismo, más allá de las sinergias entre el Estado, el sector productivo y la academia, para involucrar a la sociedad civil que debe empoderarse y legitimar las innovaciones que se derivan.
La Universidad Guadalajara y la igualdad de género. Propuesta
Authors: Torres Berta Ermila Madrigal , Torres Rosalba Madrigal , Espinosa Elia Marún 
Published: August 2021

Ante el reto que establece la visión de sustentabilidad de La Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura (UNESCO) y la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) es elemental que cada miembro de la sociedad respete a los demás, el rol de la universidad es importante en la formación y transmisión del conocimiento con una filosofía de equidad de género. Este trabajotrata sobre el papel que desempeñan las universidades ante el compromiso de la sociedad de conformar una cultura de equidad de género. A partir de la publicación de la Ley general para la igualdad entre mujeres y hombres, en diferentes países, nos hemos planteado las preguntas de investigación ¿Qué ha pasado desde la aprobación de la mencionada Ley?, ¿qué políticas han implementado lasUniversidades?, ¿cuál es el compromiso de la Universidad? Los hallazgos, se realizó una investigación documental de lo que están haciendo algunas universidades en España, Latinoamérica y México. Desde hace más de dos décadas de las políticas internacionales en pro de la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres, no se ha logrado instaurar una política de equidad de género en las estructuras organizacionalesuniversitarias.PALABRAS CLAVEIgualdad de género, equidad de género, universidad, propuesta ABTRACTFaced with the challenge of establishing sustainability vision of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) is elementary that every member of society respects others, the role of the university is important in the formation and transmission of knowledge with a philosophy of gender equity. This paper deals with the role of universities to society is commitment to shape a culture of gender equality. Since the publication of the General Act on equality between women and men, in different countries, we have considered the research questions What happened since the adoption of the Law?, ¿what universities have implemented policies?, ¿what is the commitment of the University? The findings, documentary research was carried what they are doing someuniversities in Spain, Latin America and Mexico. For more than two decades of international policies towards equality between men and women, has not succeeded in establishing a policy of gender equity in university organizational structures.KEY WORDSGender equality, gender equity, university, proposed