bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network Meta‐Analysis Comparing the Outcomes of Treatments for Intermittent Claudication Tested in Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Thanigaimani Shivshankar , Phie James , Sharma Chinmay , Wong Shannon , Ibrahim Muhammad , Huynh Pacific , Moxon Joseph , Jones Rhondda , Golledge Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

Background
No network meta‐analysis has considered the relative efficacy of cilostazol, home exercise therapy, supervised exercise therapy (SET), endovascular revascularization (ER), and ER plus SET (ER+SET) in improving maximum walking distance (MWD) over short‐ (<1 year), moderate‐ (1 to <2 years), and long‐term (≥2 years) follow‐up in people with intermittent claudication.

Methods and Results
A systematic literature search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials testing 1 or more of these 5 treatments according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis guidelines. The primary outcome was improvement in MWD assessed by a standardized treadmill test. Secondary outcomes were adverse events and health‐related quality of life. Network meta‐analysis was performed using the gemtc R statistical package. The Cochrane collaborative tool was used to assess risk of bias. Forty‐six trials involving 4256 patients were included. At short‐term follow‐up, home exercise therapy (mean difference [MD], 89.4 m; 95% credible interval [CrI], 20.9–157.7), SET (MD, 186.8 m; 95% CrI, 136.4–237.6), and ER+SET (MD, 326.3 m; 95% CrI, 222.6–430.6), but not ER (MD, 82.5 m; 95% CrI, −2.4 to 168.2) and cilostazol (MD, 71.1 m; 95% CrI, −24.6 to 167.9), significantly improved MWD (in meters) compared with controls. At moderate‐term follow‐up, SET (MD, 201.1; 95% CrI, 89.8–318.3) and ER+SET (MD, 368.5; 95% CrI, 195.3–546.9), but not home exercise therapy (MD, 99.4; 95% CrI, −174.0 to 374.9) or ER (MD, 84.2; 95% CrI, −35.3 to 206.4), significantly improved MWD (in meters) compared to controls. At long‐term follow‐up, none of the tested treatments significantly improved MWD compared to controls. Adverse events and quality of life were reported inconsistently and could not be meta‐analyzed. Risk of bias was low, moderate, and high in 4, 24, and 18 trials respectively.

Conclusions
This network meta‐analysis suggested that SET and ER+SET are effective at improving MWD over the moderate term (<2 year) but not beyond this. Durable treatments for intermittent claudication are needed.
Kawasaki Disease With Coronary Artery Lesions Detected at Initial Echocardiography
Authors: Ae Ryusuke , Maddox Ryan A. , Abrams Joseph Y. , Schonberger Lawrence B. , Nakamura Yosikazu , Kuwabara Masanari , Makino Nobuko , Kosami Koki , Matsubara Yuri , Matsubara Daisuke , Sasahara Teppei , Belay Ermias D. 
Published: June 2021

Background
Detection of coronary artery lesions (CALs) at initial echocardiography can aid in diagnosing Kawasaki disease (KD) and inform primary adjunctive treatments. We aimed to characterize patients with KD with CALs detected at initial echocardiography.

Methods and Results
We analyzed data from the nationwide Japanese KD survey that contained information on 103 222 population‐based patients diagnosed with KD across Japan during 2011 to 2018. Patients with CALs detected at initial echocardiography were assessed by age, day of illness, and number of principal KD signs (≥3). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors independently associated with CAL detection. Overall, 3707 (3.6%) patients had CALs detected at initial echocardiography. Patients aged <12 and ≥60 months were associated with CAL detection (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI], 1.28 [1.18‒1.39] and 1.32 [1.20‒1.45], respectively; reference, 12‒59 months). Patients with delayed hospital visits were increasingly at higher risk for CAL detection (days 7‒8, 1.84 [1.63‒2.08]; days 9–10, 4.30 [3.58–5.15]; and days ≥11, 9.12 [7.63‒10.90]; reference, days 1–4). Patients with 3 or 4 principal KD signs were independently associated with CAL detection (1.75 [1.63‒1.88]). These patients were significantly more likely to be aged <12 months but were not associated with delayed hospital visit. Younger patients visited at earlier days of illness.

Conclusions
Timely diagnosis could be beneficial for patients with KD. However, even when the hospital visit occurred early in the course of illness, patients with 3 or 4 principal KD signs, especially younger patients, were at higher risk of CAL detection at initial echocardiography.
Number and Replating Capacity of Endothelial Colony‐Forming Cells are Telomere Length Dependent: Implication for Human Atherogenesis
Authors: Toupance Simon , Simonici Stéphanie , Labat Carlos , Dumoulin Chloé , Lai Tsung‐Po , Lakomy Cécile , Regnault Véronique , Lacolley Patrick , Dignat George Françoise , Sabatier Florence , Aviv Abraham , Benetos Athanase , Gautier Sylvie , Watfa Ghassan , Louis Huguette , Folio Mélanie , Schmitt Margaux , Ayad Oualid , Didier Agnes , Vauthier Sandrine , François Nelly , Visvikis‐Siest Sophie , Stathopolou Maria G. , Kimura Masayuki , Rossi Pascal M. , Béranger Patricia , Malikov Serguei , Settembre Nicla , Hubert Jacques , Frimat Luc , Bertrand Baptiste , Boufi Mourad , Flecher Xavier , Sadoul Nicolas , Eschwege Pascal , Kessler Michèle , Tzanetakou Irene P. , Doulamis Ilias P. , Konstantopoulos Panagiotis , Tzani Aspasia , Korou Marilina , Gkogkos Anastasios , Perreas Konstantinos , Menenakos Evangelos , Samanidis Georgios , Vasiloglou‐Gkanis Michail , Kark Jeremy D. , Verhulst Simon 
Published: June 2021

Background
Short leukocyte telomere length (TL) is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Endothelial repair plays a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. The objective was to examine associations between TL and proliferative dynamics of endothelial colony‐forming cells (ECFCs), which behave as progenitor cells displaying endothelial repair activity.

Methods and Results

To isolate ECFCs, we performed a clonogenic assay on blood samples from 116 participants (aged 24–94 years) in the TELARTA (Telomere in Arterial Aging) cohort study. We detected no ECFC clones in 29 (group 1), clones with no replating capacity in other 29 (group 2), and clones with replating capacity in the additional 58 (group 3). Leukocyte TL was measured by Southern blotting and ECFCs (ECFC‐TL). Age‐ and sex‐adjusted leukocyte TL (mean±SEM) was the shortest in group 1 (6.51±0.13 kb), longer in group 2 (6.69±0.13 kb), and the longest in group 3 (6.78±0.09 kb) (
P
<0.05). In group 3, ECFC‐TL was associated with the number of detected clones (
P
<0.01). ECFC‐TL (7.98±0.13 kb) was longer than leukocyte TL (6.74±0.012 kb) (
P
<0.0001) and both parameters were strongly correlated (
r
=0.82;
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions
Individuals with longer telomeres display a higher number of self‐renewing ECFCs. Our results also indicate that leukocyte TL, as a proxy of TL dynamics in ECFCs, could be used as a surrogate marker of endothelial repair capacity in clinical and laboratory practice because of easy accessibility of leukocytes.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02176941.
Scale and Complexity in Political Economy: A Question of Liberty
Authors: Root Hilton L. , Shaheen Joseph A. E. , Tanca Dersu E. , Vizzard James W. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An analysis of network interactions in complex systems presents a more plausible explanation for the development of states and societies and the origins of liberty than does the linear approach adopted by Acemoğlu and Robinson in The Narrow Corridor, which is based on a single dichotomy—state vs. society. A methodology that responds to complexity relies on a far more comprehensive understanding of endogenous mechanisms of social change, the importance of pathways for information, the effects of system scaling, and, more generally, the dynamic relationship between a system and its constitutive parts.
Factors related to spiritual well-being in the last days of life in three East Asian countries: An international multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Hiratsuka Yusuke , Suh Sang-Yeon , Kim Sun-Hyun , Cheng Shao-Yi , Yoon Seok-Joon , Koh Su-Jin , Park Shin Ae , Seo Ji-Yeon , Kwon Jung Hye , Park Jeanno , Park Youngmin , Hwang Sun Wook , Lee Eon Sook , Ahn Hong-Yup , Hui David , Chen Ping-Jen , Yamaguchi Takashi , Morita Tatsuya , Tsuneto Satoru , Mori Masanori , Inoue Akira ,   and the EASED Investigators
Published: June 2021

Background: Some factors associated with spiritual well-being in dying patients have previously been reported. However, there has been no cross-cultural study comparing factors related to spiritual well-being. The current investigation may shed light on this under-investigated area through a comparison of diverse factors. Aim: We aimed to (1) examine factors associated with spiritual well-being in the last days and (2) compare those factors across three East Asian countries. Design: This is an international multicenter prospective cohort study. Setting/participants: Newly admitted inpatients with far advanced cancer in palliative care units in Japan, Korea and Taiwan were enrolled. Each patient was classified into one of two groups based on spiritual well-being score in the last days of life. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the factors related to better spiritual well-being score in each country. Results: A total of 1761 patients treated at 37 palliative care units from January 2017 to September 2018 were analyzed. Seven variables were significant in Japan, three in Korea, and five in Taiwan. “Good death scale [acceptance],” “fatigue” and “expressed wish for hastened death” were unique in Japan. “Visit from a pastoral care worker within 48 h of death” was unique in Korea. “Patient’s preferences for place of death,” “dyspnea” and “continuous deep sedation” were unique in Taiwan. Conclusions: This study found novel factors related to spiritual well-being in the last days of life, several of which differed according to country. Recognition of factors associated with spiritual well-being can improve the quality of palliative care.
Parenting Programs for Disruptive Child Behavior in China: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Hua Ningxuan , Leijten Patty 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To synthesize evidence of parenting program effects on disruptive child behavior in China and compare three program approaches: behavioral, relational, and cognitive. Methods: We searched five databases (four English and one Chinese) and identified 45 studies; 29 studies were included in a multilevel meta-analysis (92 effect sizes; total Ntotal = 3,892; Mchild age = 6.12 years). Results: We found large overall effects on reduced disruptive child behavior ( d = −1.28, 95% CI [−1.86, −0.70], p < .001), reduced harsh and inconsistent parenting ( d = −1.70, 95% CI [−2.91, −0.49], p <.001), and improved parental warmth and positive behavioral management ( d = 2.67, 95% CI [0.41, 4.93], p <.001). Behavioral programs were more effective than relational programs (Δ d = .89, 95% CI [−1.7, −0.13], p = .034), and cognitive programs were too rare to analyze separately. Conclusions: Parenting programs for disruptive child behavior can effectively support Chinese families, especially those adopting a behavioral approach.
Failed Latarjet procedure: a systematic review of surgery revision options
Authors: Buda Matteo , D’Ambrosi Riccardo , Bellato Enrico , Blonna Davide , Cappellari Alessandro , Delle Rose Giacomo , Merolla Giovanni ,   SICSeG (Italian Society of Shoulder, Elbow Surgery) Research Committee
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Revision surgery after the Latarjet procedure is a rare and challenging surgical problem, and various bony or capsular procedures have been proposed. This systematic review examines clinical and radiographic outcomes of different procedures for treating persistent pain or recurrent instability after a Latarjet procedure.

Methods
A systematic review of the literature was performed using the Medline, Cochrane, EMBASE, Google Scholar and Ovid databases with the combined keywords “failed”, “failure”, “revision”, “Latarjet”, “shoulder stabilization” and “shoulder instability” to identify articles published in English that deal with failed Latarjet procedures.

Results
A total of 11 studies (five retrospective and six case series investigations), all published between 2008 and 2020, fulfilled our inclusion criteria. For the study, 253 patients (254 shoulders, 79.8% male) with a mean age of 29.6 years (range: 16–54 years) were reviewed at an average follow-up of 51.5 months (range: 24–208 months).

Conclusions
Eden–Hybinette and arthroscopic capsuloplasty are the most popular and safe procedures to treat recurrent instability after a failed Latarjet procedure, and yield reasonable clinical outcomes. A bone graft procedure and capsuloplasty were proposed but there was no clear consensus on their efficacy and indication.
Level of evidence
Level IV
Trial registration PROSPERO 2020 CRD42020185090—www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/
Circular RNA mmu_circ_0005019 inhibits fibrosis of cardiac fibroblasts and reverses electrical remodeling of cardiomyocytes
Authors: Wu Na , Li Chengying , Xu Bin , Xiang Ying , Jia Xiaoyue , Yuan Zhiquan , Wu Long , Zhong Li , Li Yafei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Circular RNA (circRNA) have been reported to play important roles in cardiovascular diseases including myocardial infarction and heart failure. However, the role of circRNA in atrial fibrillation (AF) has rarely been investigated. We recently found a circRNA hsa_circ_0099734 was significantly differentially expressed in the AF patients atrial tissues compared to paired control. We aim to investigate the functional role and molecular mechanisms of mmu_circ_0005019 which is the homologous circRNA in mice of hsa_circ_0099734 in AF.

Methods
In order to investigate the effect of mmu_circ_0005019 on the proliferation, migration, differentiation into myofibroblasts and expression of collagen of cardiac fibroblasts, and the effect of mmu_circ_0005019 on the apoptosis and expression of Ito, INA and SK3 of cardiomyocytes, gain- and loss-of-function of cell models were established in mice cardiac fibroblasts and HL-1 atrial myocytes. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and RIP were performed to verify the binding effects between mmu_circ_0005019 and its target microRNA (miRNA).

Results
In cardiac fibroblasts, mmu_circ_0005019 showed inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and migration. In cardiomyocytes, overexpression of mmu_circ_0005019 promoted Kcnd1, Scn5a and Kcnn3 expression. Knockdown of mmu_circ_0005019 inhibited the expression of Kcnd1, Kcnd3, Scn5a and Kcnn3. Mechanistically, mmu_circ_0005019 exerted biological functions by acting as a miR-499-5p sponge to regulate the expression of its target gene Kcnn3.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight mmu_circ_0005019 played a protective role in AF development and might serve as an attractive candidate target for AF treatment.
Modelling hospital outcome: problems with endogeneity
Authors: Moran John L. , Santamaria John D. , Duke Graeme J. ,   The Australian & New Zealand Intensive Care Society (ANZICS) Centre for Outcomes & Resource Evaluation (CORE)
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMortality modelling in the critical care paradigm traditionally uses logistic regression, despite the availability of estimators commonly used in alternate disciplines. Little attention has been paid to covariate endogeneity and the status of non-randomized treatment assignment. Using a large registry database, various binary outcome modelling strategies and methods to account for covariate endogeneity were explored.MethodsPatient mortality data was sourced from the Australian & New Zealand Intensive Society Adult Patient Database for 2016. Hospital mortality was modelled using logistic, probit and linear probability (LPM) models with intensive care (ICU) providers as fixed (FE) and random (RE) effects. Model comparison entailed indices of discrimination and calibration, information criteria (AIC and BIC) and binned residual analysis. Suspect covariate and ventilation treatment assignment endogeneity was identified by correlation between predictor variable and hospital mortality error terms, using the Stata™ “eprobit” estimator. Marginal effects were used to demonstrate effect estimate differences between probit and “eprobit” models.ResultsThe cohort comprised 92,693 patients from 124 intensive care units (ICU) in calendar year 2016. Patients mean age was 61.8 (SD 17.5) years, 41.6% were female and APACHE III severity of illness score 54.5(25.6); 43.7% were ventilated. Of the models considered in predicting hospital mortality, logistic regression (with or without ICU FE) and RE logistic regression dominated, more so the latter using information criteria indices. The LPM suffered from many predictions outside the unit [0,1] interval and both poor discrimination and calibration. Error terms of hospital length of stay, an independent risk of death score and ventilation status were correlated with the mortality error term. Marked differences in the ventilation mortality marginal effect was demonstrated between the probit and the "eprobit" models which were scenario dependent. Endogeneity was not demonstrated for the APACHE III score.ConclusionsLogistic regression accounting for provider effects was the preferred estimator for hospital mortality modelling. Endogeneity of covariates and treatment variables may be identified using appropriate modelling, but failure to do so yields problematic effect estimates.
The minimal perceived change: a formal model of the responder definition according to the patient’s meaning of change for patient-reported outcome data analysis and interpretation
Authors: Vanier Antoine , Sébille Véronique , Blanchin Myriam , Hardouin Jean-Benoit 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) are standardized questionnaires used to measure subjective outcomes such as quality of life in healthcare. They are considered paramount to assess the results of therapeutic interventions. However, because their calibration is relative to internal standards in people’s mind, changes in PRO scores are difficult to interpret.Knowing the smallest value in the score that the patient perceives as change can help. An estimator linking the answers to a Patient Global Rating of Change (PGRC: a question measuring the overall feeling of change) with change in PRO scores is frequently used to obtain this value. In the last 30 years, a plethora of methods have been used to obtain these estimates, but there is no consensus on the appropriate method and no formal definition of this value.MethodsWe propose a model to explain changes in PRO scores and PGRC answers.ResultsA PGRC measures a construct called the Perceived Change (PC), whose determinants are elicited. Answering a PGRC requires discretizing a continuous PC into a category using threshold values that are random variables. Therefore, the populational value of the Minimal Perceived Change (MPC) is the location parameter value of the threshold on the PC continuum defining the switch from the absence of change to change.ConclusionsWe show how this model can help to hypothesize what are the appropriate methods to estimate the MPC and its potential to be a rigorous theoretical basis for future work on the interpretation of change in PRO scores.
The rising tide of dementia deaths: triangulation of data from three routine data sources using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink
Authors: Ahmad Shaleen , Carey Iain M , Harris Tess , Cook Derek G , DeWilde Stephen , Strachan David P 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Dementia is currently the leading certified underlying cause of death in England. We assess how dementia recording on Office for National Statistics death certificates (ONS) corresponded to recording in general practice records (GP) and Hospital Episode Statistics (HES).

Methods
Retrospective study of deaths (2001-15) in 153 English General Practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, with linked ONS and HES records.

Results
Of 207,068 total deaths from any cause, 19,627 mentioned dementia on the death certificate with 10,253 as underlying cause; steady increases occurred from 2001 to 2015 (any mention 5.3 to 15.4 %, underlying cause 2.7 to 10 %). Including all data sources, recording of any dementia increased from 13.2 to 28.6 %. In 2015, only 53.8 % of people dying with dementia had dementia recorded on their death certificates. Among deaths mentioning dementia on the death certificate, the recording of a prior diagnosis of dementia in GP and HES rose markedly over the same period. In 2001, only 76.3 % had a prior diagnosis in GP and/or HES records; by 2015 this had risen to 95.7 %. However, over the same period the percentage of all deaths with dementia recorded in GP or HES but not mentioned on the death certificate rose from 7.9 to 13.3 %.

Conclusions
Dementia recording in all data sources increased between 2001 and 2015. By 2015 the vast majority of deaths mentioning dementia had supporting evidence in primary and/or secondary care. However, death certificates were still providing an inadequate picture of the number of people dying with dementia.
Comparison of adaptive versions of the Hong Kong-specific criteria and 2015 Beers criteria for assessing potentially inappropriate medication use in Hong Kong older patients
Authors: ZHANG Huanyu , WONG Eliza L. Y. , WONG Samuel Y. S. , CHAU Patsy Y. K. , YIP Benjamin H. K. , CHUNG Roger Y. N. , LEE Eric K. P. , LAI Francisco T. T. , YEOH Eng-kiong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The Hong Kong-specific criteria have been established in 2019 to assess potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use in older adults and improve the local prescribing quality. The aim of this study was to compare the adaptive versions of the Hong Kong-specific criteria and 2015 Beers criteria for assessing the prevalence and correlates of PIM use in Hong Kong older patients.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was performed from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014 using the Hospital Authority (HA) database. A total of 489,301 older patients aged 65 years and older visiting general outpatient clinics (GOPCs) during the study period were included in the study. Two categories of PIM use included in the Hong Kong-specific criteria and 2015 Beers criteria, i.e. PIMs independent of diagnoses and PIMs considering specific medical conditions, were adapted to assess the prevalence of PIM use among the study sample. Characteristics of PIM users and the most frequently prescribed PIMs were investigated for each set of the criteria. Factors associated with PIM use were identified using the stepwise multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results
The adaptive Hong Kong-specific criteria could detect a higher prevalence of patients exposed to at least one PIM than that assessed by the adaptive Beers criteria (49.5% vs 47.5%). Meanwhile, the adaptive Hong Kong-specific criteria could identify a higher rate of patients exposed to PIMs independent of diagnoses (48.1% vs 46.8%) and PIMs considering specific medical conditions (7.3% vs 4.9%) compared with that of the adaptive Beers criteria. The most frequently prescribed PIMs detected by the adaptive Beers criteria were all included in the adaptive Hong Kong-specific criteria. The strongest factor associated with PIM use was number of different medications prescribed. Patients with female gender, aged 65 ~ 74 years, a larger number of GOPC visits, and more than six diagnoses were associated with greater risk of PIM use, whereas advancing age was associated with lower risk of PIM use.

Conclusions
The adaptive Hong Kong-specific criteria could detect a higher prevalence of PIM use than the adaptive Beers criteria in older adults visiting GOPCs in Hong Kong. It is necessary to update the prevalence and correlates of PIM use regularly in older adults to monitor the burden of PIM use and identify vulnerable patients who need further interventions.