bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Free Fatty Acids were Associated with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Complexity of Coronary Artery Disease in Premature Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Authors: Guan Qianglin , Ma Xiaoteng , Sun Yan , Shen Hua , Qiao Jiaming , Liu Xiaoli , Zhou Yujie 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: With the rapid change of lifestyle, the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) was gradually rising among young people, but the specific reason for it was unclear. There were many evidences suggesting free fatty acids (FFAs) were involved in progression of CAD, our study was designed to discuss the relationship between serum FFAs and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the complexity of coronary artery disease in premature coronary artery disease (pCAD) patients. Methods: 502 pCAD patients suffering from ACS confirmed by coronary angiography in Beijing Anzhen Hospital from January to December 2019 were enrolled (ACS group), and 141 patients of the same age whose coronary angiography result was negative were selected during the same period (control group). The clinical data and characteristics of CAD among two groups were gathered and compared.Results: The level of FFAs in ACS group was significantly higher than control group (P < 0.001), and the value of FFAs in AMI group was higher than UA (P < 0.05) in both genders. The concentration of FFAs in three-vessel disease group was higher than double-vessel disease group and double-vessel disease group was higher than single-vessel disease group. The linear correlation coefficient between FFAs value and SYNTAX score was 0.370, P < 0.001. The AUC of FFAs to diagnose ACS was 0.798 (0.743-0.853, P < 0.001) in males, and 0.738 (0.677-0.800, P < 0.001) in females. Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated level of FFAs [odds ratio (OR) = 7.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.40-11.33, P < 0.001] was independently associated with ACS. Conclusions: Concentration of FFAs is an independent risk factor associated with the incidence of ACS in pCAD patients and positively correlated with the complexity of CAD.
TMEM16 scramblases thin the membrane to enable lipid scrambling
Authors: Accardi Alessio , Falzone Maria , Feng Zhang , Alvarenga Omar , Pang Yangang , Lee Byoung , Cheng Xiaolu , Fortea Eva , Scheuring Simon 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
TMEM16 scramblases dissipate the plasma membrane lipid asymmetry to activate multiple eukaryotic cellular pathways. It was proposed that lipid headgroups move between leaflets through a membrane-spanning hydrophilic groove. Direct information on lipid-groove interactions is lacking. We report the 2.3 Å resolution cryoEM structure of the Ca2+-bound afTMEM16 scramblase in nanodiscs showing how rearrangement of individual lipids at the open pathway results in pronounced membrane thinning. Only the groove’s intracellular vestibule contacts lipids, and mutagenesis suggests scrambling does not entail specific protein-lipid interactions with the extracellular vestibule. Further, we find scrambling can occur outside a closed groove in thinner membranes and is inhibited in thicker membranes despite an open pathway. Our results show how afTMEM16 thins the membrane to enable scrambling and that an open hydrophilic pathway is not a structural requirement to allow rapid transbilayer movement of lipids. This mechanism could be extended to other scramblases lacking a hydrophilic groove.
Effect of Six-Week Traditional Resistance and Functional Training On Functional Performance in Female Netball Players
Authors: Kovac Dimitrije , Krkeljas Zarko , Venter Ranel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Improving quality of functional movements in athletes generally requires additional training targeting specific functional deficiencies. However, well-rounded, traditional strength and conducting program should also improve player’s movement quality. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to compare the effect of two different six-week interventions on functional score of female netball players.
Methods
In a randomized controlled study, players were divided into control and intervention group. Both groups completed identical six-week strength and conditioning program, with the intervention group also completing additional corrective exercises three sessions per week during the same period.
Results
The results indicate significant main effect in total FMS® score (f= 9.85, p = 0.004). However, the differences in total score may be attributed mainly to differences between groups in active straight leg raise (p = 0.004) and trunk stability push-up test (p = 0.02), as other individual tests demonstrated similar time and group effect.
Conclusions
These results indicate that a well-rounded strength and conditioning program should result in functional as well as physical performance improvements. However, trainers may include additional functional or corrective exercises as part of the recovery training session to correct individual athlete’s movement patterns. More sport-specific research on functional movement scoring is required to devise effective and sport-specific interventions.
In Vivo Three-dimensional Kinematics of Normal Knees During Sitting Sideways
Authors: Kono Kenichi , Yamazaki Takaharu , Konda Shoji , Inui Hiroshi , Tanaka Sakae , Sugamoto Kazuomi , Tomita Tetsuya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

The normal knee kinematics during asymmetrical kneeling such as the sitting sideways remains unknown. This study aimed to clarify in vivo kinematics during sitting sideways of normal knees.
Methods

Twelve knees from six volunteers were examined. Under fluoroscopy, each volunteer performed a sitting sideways. A two-dimensional/three-dimensional registration technique was used. The rotation angle, varus-valgus angle, anteroposterior translation of the medial and lateral sides of the femur relative to the tibia, and kinematic pathway in each flexion angle was evaluated.
Results

Bilateral knees during sitting sideways showed a femoral external rotation relative to the tibia with flexion. Whereas the ipsilateral knees showed valgus movement, and the contralateral knees showed varus movement. The medial side of the contralateral knees was more posteriorly located than that of the ipsilateral knees beyond 110° of flexion. The lateral side of the contralateral knees was more anteriorly located than that of the ipsilateral knees from 120° to 150° of flexion. In the ipsilateral knees, a medial pivot pattern followed by a bicondylar rollback was observed. In the contralateral knees, no significant movement followed by a bicondylar rollback was observed.
Conclusion

Even though the asymmetrical kneeling such as sitting sideways, the knees did not display asymmetrical movement.
The Effects of Physical Running on Dendritic Spines and Amyloid-Beta Pathology in 3xTg-AD Male Mice
Authors: Xu Benke , He Yun , Liu Lian , Ye Guosheng , Chen Lulu , Wang Qingning , Chen Michael , Chen Yuncai , Long Dahong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Memory loss is the key symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD). As successful drug treatments have not yet been identified, non-pharmaceutical intervention, such as physical exercise has been recognized as an effective strategy to improve memory function of people with dementia. Here we investigated the effect of prolonged physical running on hippocampal-dependent spatial memory and underlying mechanisms in 3xTg-AD mouse, a well-established rodent model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: 3xTg-AD transgenic mice with three AD mutations were used and compared with non-transgenic mice. Voluntary wheel running continued for 5 months (1 hour per day, 5 days per week) and was followed by spatial memory testing. At the end of behavior testing, dendritic spines, synapses, and synaptic proteins as well as amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology were analyzed in the dorsal hippocampi. Results: Running improved hippocampal-dependent spatial memory in 3xTg-AD mice. This running strategy prevented both thin and mushroom-type spines on CA1 pyramidal cells in 3xTg-AD mice, whereas the effects of running in non-transgenic mice were limited to thin spines. The enormous effects of running on spines were accompanied by increased synapses and higher expressions of synaptic proteins. Notably, running downregulated the processing of amyloid precursor protein, resulting in reduced Aβ peptides, and spatial memory performance correlated with levels of Aβ peptides Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42. Conclusion: These data suggest that prolonged running may improve memory in preclinical AD via slowing down amyloid pathology and preventing loss of synaptic contacts.
An efficient scoring model for diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion
Authors: Wu Senquan , Li Shaomei , Fang Nianxin , Mo Weiliang , Wang Huadong , Zhang Ping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Due to the low efficiency of single clinical feature or laboratory variable in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion (TBPE), The diagnosis of TBPE is still challenging. This study aimed to build an efficient scoring diagnostic model based on laboratory variables and clinical features to differentiate TBPE from non-tuberculous pleural effusion(non-TBPE). Methods: A retrospective study of 125 patients (63 with TBPE; 62 with non-TBPE) were undertaken. Univariate analysis was used to select the laboratory and clinical variables relevant to the model composition. The statistically different variables were selected to undergo binary logistic regression. Variables B coefficients were used to define a numerical score to calculate a scoring model. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to calculate the best cut-off value and evaluate the performance of the model. Results: Six variables were selected in the scoring model: Age ≤ 46 years old (4.96 point), Male (2.44 point), No cancer (3.19 point), Positive T-cell Spot (T-SPOT) results (4.69 point), Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) ≥ 24.5U/L (2.48 point), C-reactive Protein (CRP) ≥ 52.8mg/L (1.84 point). With a cut-off value of total score was 11.038 points, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the scoring model was 93.7%, 96.8% and 99.2% respectively. Conclusion: The scoring model was efficient to differentiate TBPE from non-TBPE.
Numerical Prediction of Joule Heating Effect in Electric Hot Incremental Sheet Forming
Authors: Li Zhengfang , He Songlin , Zhang Yuhang , An Zhiguo , Gao Zhengyuan , Lu Shihong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Since the deformation region involves the interaction of electric-thermal-force coupling in electric hot incremental sheet forming, the numerical simulation of the forming process is unusually difficult. Currently, the thermal-force coupling method is adopted to simulate approximately the whole forming process, and the Joule heating effect is often ignored. Therefore, the numerical simulation of Joule heating effect is especially significant for the prediction accuracy of forming process. In this paper, a novel numerical simulation method, considering electric-thermal-force parameters, was proposed to instantly update the thermal-force condition of forming region. Meanwhile, the model of contact thermal conductance was established combining geometrical and electric-thermal parameters, and then a high-precision finite element model was obtained to predict the Joule heating effect of forming region. In addition to this, the effect of thermal superposition on forming temperature was further analyzed and a modified model of contact thermal conductance was established in electric hot incremental sheet forming.
Degraded Coral Reefs are Becoming More Resistant to Hurricanes
Authors: Mudge Laura , Bruno John 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The frequency and intensity of Atlantic cyclonic storms are projected to increase as climate change warms the ocean 1,2. These changing disturbance dynamics, paired with simultaneous changes in the condition and composition of Caribbean coral reefs, could be altering reef resilience to storms in unexpected ways. For example, the observed decline of fast-growing, disturbance-sensitive species could promote resistance to and decrease recovery from storms3,4, increasingly locking reefs into a state dominated by weedy taxa. To test this hypothesis, we combined data from coral reef monitoring studies and historical hurricane records to develop a regional reef-storm interaction database. We found that as the living cover of Caribbean corals declined over the past 40 years, while resistance to storms increased, despite a concurrent increase in cyclonic storm frequency and intensity. Because storms selectively damaged branching coral species and had no measurable effect on the cover of “weedy” corals, reef composition shifted towards greater weedy dominance and reduced ecological function. Additionally, storms accelerated the loss rate of threatened acroporid corals, already in pre-storm decline, suggesting a worrisome synergism with other climate-related disturbances.
SIS-CNN: Semantic Image Segmentation Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Adeel Ahmed , Feng Xiao , Shaker Zaryab 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Semantic image segmentation is a vast area of interest for computer vision which has gained exceptional attention from the research community. It is the process of classifying each pixel in respective category. In this paper, we exploit the problem of scene understanding and perform the segmentation by combining different classification models as a feature encoder and segmentation models as a feature decoder. All of the experiments were performed on Camvid dataset. It covers a wide range of real-world applications such as autonomous driving, virtual/augmented reality, indoor navigation, etc.
Research and Implementation of Emitter Threat Assessment Based on Distributed Simulation
Authors: Feng Xiaojuan , Liang Xiangyang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The threat degree of radiation source detected by fighter in penetration operation is the main reference for fighter to make the next operation plan. The research objective of this project is to evaluate the threat of radiation sources detected by aircraft, based on distributed interactive simulation technology, the system modeling of aircraft flight detection data and ground radar detection warning in distributed system is realized by building a variety of simulation modules such as ground radar model, aircraft radar model, coordinate transformation model and threat level evaluation model, the simulation environment system of airborne emitter warning is completed. In this experimental environment, through simulation, the real-time calculation of the threat factor of the aircraft radiation source can be carried out, and then the dynamic threat assessment of the radiation source target can be realized.
A New Approach to the Development of Food Products
Authors: Kurakin Mikhail , Ozherel'eva Anastasia , Motyreva Olga , Krapiva Tatyana 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Negative trends in the service market make food companies create competitive products that meet the needs of consumers. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the need to design new formulations that meet complex requirements and use IT options. The research objective was to create a new approach to the development of products for various types of food industry enterprises.
Study objects and methods. The research featured a questionnaire, in which Kemerovo citizens were asked to establish and rank a list of consumer properties for food served at cafes, restaurants, and canteens, as well as to define the ratio of prescription components of model samples and the quality indicators of model samples. The study was based on standard survey methods, sensory and microbiological evaluation, and the Delphi 7software.
Results and discussion. The research revealed nomenclature of consumer properties (15 names) of public catering products, which were classified into seven groups of indicators. The following indicators received the highest score (86–100 points): sensory indicators, quality indicators, safety and freshness, appearance, and price. Caloric value proved to be of a relatively low significance (≤ 42 points). The research resulted in a methodology for designing competitive products based on consumer preferences and new application software.
Conclusion. Food companies should take into account the degree of significance of particular indicators to create popular and cost-friendly dishes. This research offers a new methodology for designing competitive products based on consumer preferences and the application of the developed program. The consistency and effectiveness of the proposed approach was confirmed by testing the developed dishes at cafes and school canteens.
The Impact of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Mitophagy in Disease Models
Authors: Yu Li-Ping , Shi Ting-Ting , Li Yan-Qin , Mu Jian-Kang , Yang Ya-Qin , Li Wei-Xi , Yu Jie , Yang Xing-Xin 
Published: October 2021

:
Mitophagy plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial quality and cell homeostasis
through the degradation of damaged, aged, and dysfunctional mitochondria and misfolded proteins. Many human
diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, are related to disorders of mitochondrial phagocytosis.
Exploring the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy is of great significance for revealing the molecular mechanisms
underlying the related diseases. Herein, we summarize the major mechanisms of mitophagy, the relationship
of mitophagy with human diseases, and the role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in mitophagy. These
discussions enhance our knowledge of mitophagy and its potential therapeutic targets using TCM.
Microencapsulation of Cassia fistula Flower Extract with Chitosan and its Antibacterial Studies
Authors: Suryavanshi Vandana Singh , Maharana Tungabidya , Jagtap Pratik Kumar 
Published: October 2021

Introduction:
The plant used in the present study is Cassia fistula, which belongs to the
family Leguminosae and has been used in traditional medicinal systems due to the presence of a copious
amount of Phytochemicals with various properties.

Aims:
This study is focused on the extraction of phytochemicals from the Cassia fistula flower and
its subsequent encapsulation into chitosan matrix for applications in drug delivery. Chitosan is approved
by FDA for its use in Pharmaceutical industries.

Methods:
As described by several analytical techniques such as FT-IR, NMR, Thermal analysis,
and SEM, the microsphere thus prepared by the current study is predicted to release the desired extract
with medicinal properties in a controlled manner, allowing for more convenient and desired
levels of drug administration. The swelling study and release study of the prepared microsphere
have been carried out in physiological pH 2 and 7.4. NMR study has shown that sitosterol and
friedelin have been encapsulated successfully into the chitosan matrix.

Results:
The microspheres have shown up to 80% swelling in pH 2 upto 8 days, and 60% of the in-
-vitro controlled drug release has also been found in pH 2 upto 2 days. The thermal studies using
TGA and DSC supported the thermal stabilities of CS beads, CFFE and CFFE-CS beads, Also, it
showed the dispersion of the CFFE in the cavities of the Chitosan matrix.

Conclusion:
The Biomedical application of the synthesized CFFE-CS beads has also been reported
on the basis of their antibacterial studies.
A New Approach for β-cyclodextrin Conjugated Drug Delivery System in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Kumar Palanirajan Vijayaraj , Sheng Teng Meng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract:
Natural cyclodextrins (CDs) are macrocyclic starch molecules discovered a decade ago,
in which α-, β-, and γ-CD were commonly used. They originally acted as pharmaceutical excipients
to enhance the aqueous solubility and alter the physicochemical properties of drugs that fall under
class II and IV categories according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BPS). The
industrial significance of CDs became apparent during the 1970s as scientists started to discover
more of CD’s potential in chemical modifications and the formation of inclusion complexes. CDs
can help in masking and prolonging the half-life of drugs used in cancer. Multiple optimization
techniques were discovered to prepare the derivatives of CDs and increase their complexation and
drug delivery efficiency. In recent years, due to the advancement of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical
sectors, there has been growing interest in CDs. This review mainly focuses on the formulation
of cyclodextrin conjugated nanocarriers using graphenes, carbon nanotubes, nanosponges, hydrogels,
dendrimers, and polymers to achieve drug-release characteristics specific to cells. These
approaches benefit the discovery of novel anti-cancer treatments, solubilization of new drug compounds,
and cell specific drug delivery properties. Due to these unique properties of CDs, they are
essential in achieving and enhancing tumor-specific cancer treatment.
Synthesis and Liquid Crystalline Properties of Low Molecular Weight Bis-
Chalcone Compounds
Authors: Sasidharan Anju K. , Mathew Jomon , Achalkumar Ammathnadu S. , Mathews Manoj 
Published: October 2021

Aim:
In this paper, we report on the synthesis and liquid crystalline properties of some low molecular weight bis-chalcone compounds derived from acetone, cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone mesogenic cores.

Background:
Structurally bis-chalcones belong to a broader family of chalcone compounds. Chalcone is a compound that consists of two aromatic rings linked by an unsaturated , -ketone.

Objective:
Liquid crystalline chalcones are prepared by aliphatic chain substituents on two aromatic rings. Chalcones are well studied for their mesomorphic properties. Compared to a large number of chalcone based LCs reported, only a few articles have been published on the mesomorphic properties of bis-chalcone compounds. The target compounds of the present study varied not only in their central core but also in number and position of terminal aliphatic chain substitution-a key structural unit in deciding the liquid crystalline properties of a compound.

Method:
All target compounds were synthesized in good yield by base catalyzed Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction. Molecular structures were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopic methods. Liquid crystalline property of these compounds was evaluated using polarizing optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry.

Results:
Although none of the acetone based compounds exhibited mesomorphism, cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone based compounds with octyloxy chain at para position on either side of the dibenzylidine ring stabilized liquid crystalline smectic (SmA and SmC) and nematic (N) phases. The observed structure-liquid crystalline property relationship was explained by structural analysis of molecules using DFT calculations. Considering the inherent photoluminescence nature of the chalcone moiety, a preliminary study was carried out on a selected compound to reveal its fluorescence property.

Conclusion:
Our study brings about an important structure-liquid crystalline property relationship in a relatively unexplored class of bis-chalcone liquid crystals.