bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical comparison of pumping methods for high-power Er/Yb-codoped fiber lasers
Authors: Dan Wang , Han Qun , Jia Qing , Ren Kun , Liu Tiegen 
Published: February 2021

The amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in the Yb band and thermal damage are the main
obstacles to the power scaling of high-power Er/Yb-codoped fiber
lasers (EYDFLs) and amplifiers. In this paper, three popular pumping
methods, i.e., off-peak pumping, core pumping with ytterbium-doped
fiber laser, and cascade co-pumping, the conquering of these obstacles
is investigated and compared based on numerical simulation. The
influence of the pump wavelength is systematically analyzed.
Performances, including thermal effects, optimal fiber length, and
maximum applicable pump power and expectable output power are compared
for EYDFLs with these pumping methods. The results show that off-peak
pumping and core pumping can alleviate the Yb ASE problem and increase
the achievable output power to some extent. We believe this
improvement fundamentally originated from the lower absorption
coefficient that alleviates the bottlenecking effect. The Yb ASE
problem is still inevitable for these two methods, whereas the cascade
co-pumping method can completely extricate a EYDFL from the restrict
of this problem and push the power to the thermal damaged
limitation.
On the evolution and development of morphological complexity: A view from gene regulatory networks
Authors: Hagolani Pascal F. , Zimm Roland , Vroomans Renske , Salazar-Ciudad Isaac 
Published: February 2021

How does morphological complexity evolve? This study suggests that the likelihood of mutations increasing phenotypic complexity becomes smaller when the phenotype itself is complex. In addition, the complexity of the genotype-phenotype map (GPM) also increases with the phenotypic complexity. We show that complex GPMs and the above mutational asymmetry are inevitable consequences of how genes need to be wired in order to build complex and robust phenotypes during development.We randomly wired genes and cell behaviors into networks in EmbryoMaker. EmbryoMaker is a mathematical model of development that can simulate any gene network, all animal cell behaviors (division, adhesion, apoptosis, etc.), cell signaling, cell and tissues biophysics, and the regulation of those behaviors by gene products. Through EmbryoMaker we simulated how each random network regulates development and the resulting morphology (i.e. a specific distribution of cells and gene expression in 3D). This way we obtained a zoo of possible 3D morphologies. Real gene networks are not random, but a random search allows a relatively unbiased exploration of what is needed to develop complex robust morphologies. Compared to the networks leading to simple morphologies, the networks leading to complex morphologies have the following in common: 1) They are rarer; 2) They need to be finely tuned; 3) Mutations in them tend to decrease morphological complexity; 4) They are less robust to noise; and 5) They have more complex GPMs. These results imply that, when complexity evolves, it does so at a progressively decreasing rate over generations. This is because as morphological complexity increases, the likelihood of mutations increasing complexity decreases, morphologies become less robust to noise, and the GPM becomes more complex. We find some properties in common, but also some important differences, with non-developmental GPM models (e.g. RNA, protein and gene networks in single cells).
Intraoperative blood loss may be associated with myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery
Authors: Park Jungchan , Kwon Ji-hye , Lee Seung-Hwa , Lee Jong Hwan , Min Jeong Jin , Kim Jihoon , Oh Ah Ran , Seo Wonho , Hyeon Cheol Won , Yang Kwangmo , Choi Jin-ho , Lee Sang-Chol , Kim Kyunga , Ahn Joonghyun , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol 
Published: February 2021

Background
This study aimed to evaluate the association between intraoperative blood loss and myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS), which is a severe and common postoperative complication.

Methods
We compared the incidence of MINS based on significant intraoperative bleeding, defined as an absolute hemoglobin level < 7 g/dL, a relative hemoglobin level less than 50% of the preoperative measurement, or need for packed red cell transfusion. We also estimated a threshold for intraoperative hemoglobin level associated with MINS.

Results
We stratified a total of 15,926 non-cardiac surgical patients with intraoperative hemoglobin and postoperative cardiac troponin (cTn) measurements according to the occurrence of significant intraoperative bleeding; 13,416 (84.2%) had no significant bleeding while 2,510 (15.8%) did have significant bleeding. After an adjustment with inverse probability weighting, the incidence of MINS was higher in the significant bleeding group (35.2% vs. 16.4%; odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.43–1.75; p < 0.001). The threshold of intraoperative hemoglobin associated with MINS was estimated to be 9.9 g/dL with an area under the curve of 0.643.

Conclusion
Intraoperative blood loss appeared to be associated with MINS. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Clinical registration
The cohort was registered before patient enrollment at https://cris.nih.go.kr (KCT0004244).
Renal function impairment in cervical cancer patients treated with cisplatin-based chemoradiation: A review of medical records in a Zimbabwean outpatient department
Authors: Manyau Pinky M. C. , Mabeka Mensil , Mudzviti Tinashe , Kadzatsa Webster , Nyamhunga Albert 
Published: February 2021

Background
There is a potential increase in risk of renal function impairment among patients with invasive cervical cancer (ICC) who are HIV-positive and treated with cisplatin-based concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT). This concern is due to overlapping nephrotoxicity of the drugs, and nephropathy from the diseases themselves. There is limited literature available for the short-term renal outcomes for HIV-positive patients with ICC during routine clinical management. This study aimed to assess if HIV-infection increased the risk of renal impairment in ICC patients treated with CCRT, and explore the respective risk factors.

Materials and methods
This was a retrospective review of records of ICC patients treated with at least one cycle of weekly cisplatin during CCRT at the Parirenyatwa Radiotherapy Center from January 2017-December 2018. The RIFLE criteria were used to classify renal impairment. Analyses were performed with Fisher’s Exact tests, Wilcoxon rank sum tests. Odds ratios (OR) were generated using logistic regression. All statistical tests were 2-sided at a 5% level of significance.

Results
Seventy-two eligible patients were identified, 32 (44.44%) were HIV-positive. HIV-positive patients were younger (p = 0.002), had lower albumin levels (p = 0.014) and received lower cisplatin doses (p = 0.044). The mean percent reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline was -19% (95% CI: -25.9% to -13.2%) for all patients. Thirty-one (43.1%) patients experienced renal impairment, 50% and 37.5% of HIV-positive and -negative patients respectively (p = 0.287). HIV-infection was associated with an adjusted OR of 1.16 (95% CI 0.35–3.43, p = 0.769). Baseline eGFR< 60ml/min was the only independent predictor of renal impairment, OR 0.25 (95% CI: 0.07–0.85). Baseline eGFR<60ml/min was also associated with receipt of lower cisplatin doses (p = 0.044).

Conclusion
HIV-infection was not associated with elevated risk of renal impairment. Patients with an eGFR<60ml/min appear to be managed more cautiously reducing their risk for renal impairment during cisplatin therapy. The high prevalence of renal impairment in this population suggests the need for optimization of pre-treatment protocols.
Risk, Participation, and Performance Practice: Critical Vulnerabilities in a Precarious World, Alice O’Grady (ed.) (2017)
Authors: White Gareth 
Published: February 2021

Review of: Risk, Participation, and Performance Practice: Critical Vulnerabilities in a Precarious World, Alice O’Grady (ed.) (2017)
London: Palgrave Macmillan, 264 pp.,
ISBN 978-3-31963-242-1, e-book, €93.59
ISBN 978-3-31963-241-4, h/bk, €93.59
ISBN 978-3-31987-506-4, p/bk, €74.89
Prison Cultures: Performance, Resistance, Desire, Aylwyn Walsh (2019)
Authors: McAvinchey Caoimhe 
Published: February 2021

Review of: Prison Cultures: Performance, Resistance, Desire, Aylwyn Walsh (2019)
Bristol and Chicago, IL: Intellect, 274 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78938-106-1, e-PUB, £85.00
ISBN 978-1-78938-107-8, e-PDF, £68.00
ISBN 978-1-78938-105-4, h/bk, £68.00
Moment Work: Tectonic Theater Project’s Method of Creating Drama, Moisés Kaufman and Barbara Pitts McAdams (2018)
Authors: Cole Jonathan 
Published: February 2021

Review of: Moment Work: Tectonic Theater Project’s Method of Creating Drama, Moisés Kaufman and Barbara Pitts McAdams (2018)
New York: Vintage Books and Random House, 224 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-10197-178-9, e-book, $12.99
ISBN 978-1-10197-177-2, p/bk, $18.95
Homozygous NF-kB1 mutation causing combined immunodeficiency: a histopathological analysis
Authors: Garkaby Jenny , Ngan Bo 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: The nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) signaling pathway plays a major role in mediating multiple cellular processes, including immune and inflammatory responses. Aims: We describe the histopathological findings of lymph nodes from a patient with a homozygous NF-kB subunit 1 (NF-kB1) mutation causing a combined immunodeficiency phenotype. Results: A nodal biopsy was performed for lymphadenopathy evaluation, in the context of development of persistent EBV infection. Our findings show that this patient has normal lymph node tissue present, however, abnormal histopathology features were observed, including atrophic germinal centers. B cell subset components within the B cell domain were also analyzed. The development of the B cell response during EBV infection was found to be significantly impaired. Conclusion: Aberrant signaling due to NF-kB1 deficiency has a significant impact on the development of B cell immunoproliferative responses. Statement of novelty: We report on the abnormal histopathology findings of lymph node biopsy from a patient with homozygous NF-kB1 mutation.
The The Isokinetic Rugby Union Physical Work Evaluation (RUPWE) protocol: Can Rugby Union Players meet the physical work demands of the game?
Authors: Naidoo Rowena , Doran Jean 
Published: February 2021

Background: To protect the lumbar spine from excessive forces, rugby union players need to demonstrate the work ability of the trunk extensors and flexors to meet the physical demands.
Aim: To measure and evaluate whether rugby union players were able to meet the imposed physical work demand, considering limitations, tolerances and resistance to fatigue, using isokinetic dynamometry for trunk extensors (TE) and trunk flexors (TF).
Methods: Fifty-five male players, between the ages of 18 and 23 years, participated in the study. All participants completed a PAR-Q (pre-activity risk) questionnaire before the isokinetic testing. Their height was between 1.80 ± 0.67 m and body mass was 86.0 ± 17.5 kg. Participants were subjected to a newly designed protocol using the Biodex Isokinetic System 3 Dynamometer, called the Rugby Union Physical Work Evaluation (RUPWE).
Results: There was a significant difference between the forwards’ trunk extensor peak torque to body weight 488% ± 119% and the trunk flexor peak torque to body weight 289% ± 73%. Furthermore, there was a large effect size between trunk extensor and trunk flexor muscle performance for the forwards (d =2.0) and backs (d =1.9) for peak torque to body weight. Spearman’s rank-order correlations (rs) showed a moderate negative correlation for the forwards between trunk extensor peak torque to body weight and time to peak torque, (rs = -0.4; p=0.018). There is a strong negative correlation for the backs between trunk extensor peak torque to body weight and time to peak torque, (rs = -0.6; p=0.003).
Conclusion: The physical work evaluation protocol can be used as a screening tool for rugby players as it measures the extensive mechanical load placed on the lumbar region. This has the potential to evaluate their athletic performance for the demands of tackling and scrumming.
The SWATH-D Seismological Network in the Eastern Alps
Authors: Heit Benjamin , Cristiano Luigia , Haberland Christian , Tilmann Frederik , Pesaresi Damiano , Jia Yan , Hausmann Helmut , Hemmleb Susanne , Haxter Martin , Zieke Thomas , Jaeckl Karl-Heinz , Schloemer Antje , Weber Michael 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The SWATH-D experiment involved the deployment of a dense temporary broadband seismic network in the Eastern Alps. Its primary purpose was enhanced seismic imaging of the crust and crust–mantle transition, as well as improved constraints on local event locations and focal mechanisms in a complex part of the Alpine orogen. The study region is a key area of the Alps, where European crust in the north is juxtaposed and partially interwoven with Adriatic crust in the south, and a significant jump in the Moho depth was observed by the 2002 TRANSALP north–south profile. Here, a flip in subduction polarity has been suggested to occur. This dense network encompasses 163 stations and complements the larger-scale sparser AlpArray seismic network. The nominal station spacing in SWATH-D is 15 km in a high alpine, yet densely populated and industrialized region. We present here the challenges resulting from operating a large broadband network under these conditions and summarize how we addressed them, including the way we planned, deployed, maintained, and operated the stations in the field. Finally, we present some recommendations based on our experiences.
Analysis of Seismic Signals Generated by Vehicle Traffic with Application to Derivation of Subsurface Q-Values
Authors: Meng Haoran , Ben-Zion Yehuda , Johnson Christopher W. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCorrect identification and modeling of anthropogenic sources of ground motion are of considerable importance for many studies, including detection of small earthquakes and imaging seismic properties below the surface. To understand signals generated by common vehicle traffic, we use seismic data recorded by closely spaced geophones normal to roads at two sites on San Jacinto fault zone. To quantify the spatiotemporal and frequency variations of the recorded ground motions, we develop a simple analytical solution accounting for propagation and attenuation of surface waves. The model reproduces well-observed bell-shaped spectrograms of car signals recorded by geophones close to roads, and it can be used to estimate frequency-dependent Q-values of the subsurface materials. The data analysis indicates Q-values of 3–40, for frequencies up to 150 Hz for road-receiver paths at the two examined sites. The derived Q-values are consistent with attenuation factors of surface waves previously obtained with other methods. The analytical results and analysis procedure provide a highly efficient method for deriving Q-values of shallow subsurface materials.
Clinical and radiological outcomes of arthroscopic subcoracoid decompression for idiopathic coracoid impingement, a stepped approach
Authors: Fadel Mohei M. , Gawish Hesham M. , Elsheikh Mohamed A. 
Published: February 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Idiopathic subcoracoid impingement is considered now as a well-established cause of anterior shoulder pain. There are multiple techniques reported for management of subcoracoid impingement. Open decompression and reattachment of conjoint tendon as well as arthroscopic resection of coracoid tip. The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of arthroscopic stepwise approach for management of idiopathic coracoid impingment.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective therapeutic case series study included 26 consecutive patients suffering from anterior shoulder pain and were diagnosed as subcoracoid impingement. All cases were evaluated preoperatively and followed up for 12 months after surgery both clinically and radiologically. Arthroscopic subcoracoid decompression, coracoplasty and arthroscopic repair of partial subscapularis tear if present were done for all cases.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age at the time of surgery was 45.3±5.4years. At the final follow up, the mean VAS score improved significantly to 0.8±0.8points postoperatively (p&lt;0.01). The mean Constant score improved significantly to 87.8±7.8 at the final follow-up (p&lt;0.001). The mean UCLA score improved significantly to 32.1±2.4 at the end of follow-up (P&lt;0.001)</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Coracoid impingement should be in mind when evaluating any patient with anterior shoulder pain. The arthroscopic management in form of bone, bursal and tendon procedures (triple attack) is a good treatment to relieve clinical symptoms with excellent patient reported outcomes.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Outcome of trapeziectomy with ligament reconstruction tendon interposition for the treatment of advanced thumb carpometacarpal arthritis: a prospective study
Authors: Kaur Eknoor , Saini Narender , Sharma Shashank , Meena Devi Sahai 
Published: February 2021

<p><strong>Background</strong>: The purpose of this study is to assess the functional outcome of the cases with advanced thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis treated with trapeziectomy and ligament reconstruction tendon interposition (LRTI) in terms of visual analogue scale (VAS), disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score, Kapandji score, range of motion (ROM) of radial and volar abduction of the thumb, grip power, key pinch and the height of the trapezial space.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: In a prospective before and after interventional study of 30 patients with the advanced thumb CMC joint arthritis underwent the procedure. An average follows up period was 17.9 months.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The mean VAS decreased from 8.17 to 2.70. The mean Kapandji score and DASH score improved from 3.47 and 71.62 preoperative to 8.23 and 14.46 postoperative. Mean ROM for radial and volar abduction increased from 42.57° and 48° to 61°and 64.73° respectively. Mean key pinch power and grip power increased from 2.80 kg and 3.47 kg to 4.70 kg and 9.01 kg respectively. There was a significant decrease in height of the trapezial space. Three patient complaint of the persistent pain at the surgical site and not much improvement in the DASH score.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Trapeziectomy with LRTI using flexor carpi radialis (FCR) transfer is an effective treatment for the advanced thumb CMC arthritis. This procedure stabilizes thumb metacarpal and provide enough support which prevents the collapse of metacarpal into dead space.</p>
Study on functional outcome of intra articular fractures of distal humerus managed by locking compression plate
Authors: Bhat Adarsh Krishna , Jacob Tigy Thomas , Sameul Shajimon 
Published: February 2021

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The primary goal in management of intra articular fractures of distal humerus is to achieve stable and mobile elbow. Type C fracture of distal humerus is a relatively uncommon fracture. Internal fixation is difficult but anatomical reduction is needed to prevent poor functional outcome and degenerative changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Functional outcome of patients who underwent open reduction internal fixation with locking compression plates for intra articular fractures of distal humerus at the department of orthopedics, Government medical college Kottayam, from December 2017 to July 2019, were assessed using Mayo elbow performance index. A total of 30 patients were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Excellent and good results were found in 25 cases, 3 patients had fair outcome and 2 patients had poor result. Complications encountered in our study were, infection (superficial treated with antibiotics-3 cases), heterotopic ossification (3 cases), hard ware prominence (2 cases) and non-union (1 case).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Complications were minimal and outcomes were good in patients with type C distal humerus fractures who underwent bicolumn locking compression plates fixation by posterior approach.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Anatomical plating versus titanium elastic nailing for displaced midshaft clavicle fractures: a prospective comparative study
Authors: Philip Ashish , Suranigi Shishir Murugharaj , . Lingaraj , Rengasamy Kanagasabai , Najimudeen Syed 
Published: February 2021

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Plate fixation has become the standard operative method for fixing displaced midshaft clavicle fractures. Over the years, TENS has also gained lot of attention due to its minimal invasive nature, smaller scar and reduced operative time. The purpose of this study was to compare the functional outcome of middle third displaced clavicle fractures treated either by plate or intra medullary TENS fixation using Constant Murley score and disability of the arm, shoulder and hand score.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective randomised study was conducted from January 2010 to September 2016 at our institute on patients with displaced midshaft clavicle fractures.<strong> </strong>A total of 56 patients (TENS; n=25, plating; n=31), classified according to orthopaedic trauma association classification underwent midshaft clavicle fixation. They were followed-up for a minimum period of 1 year.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Length of the scar in the TENS group was significantly smaller when compared to the incision in the plating group (1.86±1.23 and 11.01±3.29 cms respectively, p&lt;0.001). The Constant shoulder score measured at the end of 1 year was 90.77±9.01 for the TENS group and 92.63±6.04 for the plating group, not significant statistically (p=0.269). The mean DASH score was also not significantly different (p=0.552) between the TENS group and the plating group, at 6.01±11.09 and 6.32±10.33 respectively.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In comparison with plate fixation, the nailing procedure is less invasive, requires smaller incisions and has a shorter duration of hospital stay with no statistically significant difference in terms of functional outcome. Hence, TENS technique is recommended for the fixation of displaced mid-shaft non-/minimal comminuted clavicular fractures, especially for young individuals and can be used as an alternative to plate fixation.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Role of volar plating in unstable distal radial fractures in elderly patients in tertiary teaching hospital
Authors: S. Santhosh Kumar , Surat Amarnath , M. Rami Reddy , Kumar K. Satya 
Published: February 2021

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of volar locking plate fixation for unstable distal radical fractures DRFs in the elderly population (60 years old and older).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An ethical committee approved the study protocol for research studies at NRI medical college<strong>.</strong> We included only unstable distal radial fractures in elderly patients between 60 to 70 years, and patients who consent to the study. We excluded patients with comorbid conditions and below 60 years and patients with vascular injuries. Results were evaluated by the DASH questionnaire and Gartland and Werley scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to Gartland and Werley score, 30 patients (85.7%) had excellent and good results. According to the DASH score, 31 patients (88.5%) had excellent and good results, and four patients (11.4%) had fair results. The most commonly noted complications in our study were arthritis (2 cases 5.7%), extensor pollicis longus tendon irritation (1 case 2.9%), and Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (1 case 2.9 %).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Locked compression plate in unstable distal radius fractures provides excellent results with an effective correction of distal radius anatomy. Early range of movements of joints leads to a good outcome and return to regular activity.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>