bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variations of Source Composition and Melting Degrees of Olivine-Phyric Rocks from Kamchatsky Mys: Results of Geochemical Modeling of Trace Element Contents in Melts
Authors: Nekrylov N. , Korneeva A. A. , Savelyev D. P. , Antsiferova T. N. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We conducted the geochemical modeling of trace element contents for primary melts of olivine-phyric rocks from Kamchatsky Mys. This modeling reveals substantial chemical heterogeneity of their source while the average source composition is close to the enriched DMM (E-DMM). The average estimation of the melting degree is in the range from 9.1 ± 3.8% for the model of modal batch melting to 15.4 ± 5.2% for the model of accumulated fractional melting, which is slightly higher than the estimation for primitive mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) glasses (7.4 ± 2.2% and 12.5 ± 3.8% respectively). It is in a good agreement with high melting degrees estimated earlier for other rocks of the Kamchatsky Mys ophiolites. Low pressure of mantle melting caused by the elevated speed of decompression relative to the average MORB could explain elevated melting degrees estimated for Kamhcatsky Mys ophiolites as well as their characteristic Sr-anomalies and sulfide saturation on the earliest stages of magmatic evolution.
Interacting generalized anisotropic scalar field models
Authors: Javed Wajiha , Nawazish Iqra , Irshad Nimra 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper is devoted to investigate the interacting generalized ghost pilgrim dark energy model in the background of anisotropic universe in general relativity. We analyze the two parameters i.e., hubble parameter and equation of state parameter to explore the cosmological evolution of the Bianchi type universe. We study scalar field dark energy models i.e., quintessence, dilaton, K-essence and tachyon to check the consistency of the current universe with their scalar field and corresponding potentials. Further, we check the compatibility of fractional density of matter and dark energy with recent observations of Plank along with their graphical analysis. It is remarkable to conclude that that both fractional densities admits consistency with Plank data 2018 in all cases of Bainchi type universe.
Sterile neutrinos, black hole vacuum and holographic principle
Authors: Barenboim Gabriela , Hill Christopher T. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe construct an effective field theory (EFT) model that describes matter field interactions with Schwarzschild mini-black-holes (SBH’s), treated as a scalar field, $$B_0(x)$$

B
0

(
x
)

. Fermion interactions with SBH’s require a complex spurion field, $$\theta _{ij}$$

θ

ij

, which we interpret as the EFT description of “holographic information,” which is correlated with the SBH as a composite system. We consider Hawking’s virtual black hole vacuum (VBH) as a Higgs phase, $$\langle B_0 \rangle =V$$

⟨

B
0

⟩
=
V

. Integrating sterile neutrino loops, the information field $$\theta _{ij}$$

θ

ij

is promoted to a dynamical field, necessarily developing a tachyonic instability and acquiring a VEV of order the Planck scale. For N sterile neutrinos this breaks the vacuum to $$SU(N)\times U(1)/SO(N)$$

S
U
(
N
)
×
U
(
1
)
/
S
O
(
N
)

with N degenerate Majorana masses, and $$\frac{1}{2}N(N+1)$$

1
2

N

(
N
+
1
)

Nambu-Goldstone neutrino-Majorons. The model suggests many scalars fields, corresponding to all fermion bilinears, may exist bound nonperturbatively by gravity.
Emphasizing Fish, Fisher, and Sea for the Mission of Christian Churches in the Context of the Marine Ecological Crisis: A Response to the Ten Commandments of Food
Authors: Maggang Elia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article offers a theological response to the Ten Commandments of Food (TCF) in the context of the marine ecological crisis. The TCF is a unique and effective campaign for food security which advocates for sustainable living through the mission of Christian churches. As the campaign includes farmers, it reframes food security and sustainability as a part of ecclesial life. However, the neglect of fish, fisher, and sea in the TCF has negative consequences for marine ecosystem. This exclusion endangers the sustainability of marine life and all those who depend on the sea for livelihood and sustenance. Therefore, this article suggests that it is essential to include fish, fisher, and sea in the TCF – noting that they have a crucial place in Christianity as depicted particularly in the ministry of Jesus and his disciples. This will make the TCF a more comprehensive campaign with positive contributions for marine life.
‘Throwing a Baby with Bathwater,’ Restoration of the Tanzanian Indigenous Justice System: The Case of Sukuma, Kinga and Iraqwi Ethnic Groups
Authors: Gabagambi Julena Jumbe 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The indigenous justice systems were modes of resolving conflicts in Tanzanian communities for millenia before the introduction of the common law system as it was applied in England. The introduced mode, despite its success, is encumbered with a number of challenges. Apart from the challenges, the restoration of one’s customs and traditions is what makes one a human. The conventional justice system being ‘water’ to clean off dirt, the ‘baby’ is celebrated for what it has so far achieved; thus, the washed baby should not have been thrown into the water because in Africa, and Tanzania in particular, no one denies how valuable a baby is to parent and the community at large. Despite Tanzania’s efforts in capturing the bits of indigenous justice systems, the laws in place to a great extent roll on the bits of the conventional justice system. Protecting and preserving one’s customs has caught the interest of the international and regional community. That should awaken Tanzanians to look for the baby (indigenous justice systems) and appreciate its beauty. Ratification of the convention on tribal and indigenous people is optional; its negation devalues one’s customs and traditions. This paper comes with a reformatory agenda. The pumpkin in the homestead cannot be uprooted i.e. indigenous traditions must be preserved.
Development of Unconstitutional Change of Government under the Malabo Protocol – From Prohibition to Over-Criminalisation?
Authors: Sanghvi Niriksha 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Post-colonial Africa has been caught in military coups and civil wars. Incumbent leaders have refused to step down and hand over power post-elections or amended the constitution to not get voted out of power. In this context, three main challenges to democracy in Africa are military coups, lack of free and fair elections and illegal constitutional amendments to entrench de facto monarchy. To combat this, the Malabo Protocol, which introduces criminal jurisdiction of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights, criminalises unconstitutional change of government (‘UCG’). The article outlines the progression of UCG from a violation of the democracy and rule of law principles under the African Charter to a prosecutable crime under the Malabo Protocol and analyses the difficulties an actual prosecution will face on account of vague definition, lack of international recognition and the major roadblock due to Heads of State immunity under the Protocol.
Towards A Model of How Populist Leaders Disappear from the Media
Authors: Mjelde Hilmar 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Research shows that the media have been one decisive factor in the rise of the most high-profile populist leaders across Western democracies, but also that media attention can begin to dip when populists become established actors. However, the circumstances under which a populist leader can experience loss of media interest in him or her have not been theorized. Therefore, this article makes a contribution towards filling this gap. I offer an explorative and reflective analysis of the diverging political trajectories of Sarah Palin and Donald Trump as a means of suggesting circumstances under which a populist leader is likely to be upstaged by another populist leader taking over the public spotlight. However, this first cut at identifying relevant variables in such a scenario highlights serious conceptual, methodological, and theoretical considerations that must be confronted in future research taking on this research question, and that I deliberately sidestep in this analysis.
Adverse childhood experiences are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women with middle to high socioeconomic status: findings from the All Our Families Cohort
Authors: Currie Cheryl L. , Tough Suzanne C. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with illicit drug use among pregnant women who are socioeconomically vulnerable. While it is assumed that the impact of ACEs on illicit drug use in pregnancy is reduced among women with higher socioeconomic status (SES), this assumption is not well tested in the literature. The objective of this study was to examine the impact of maternal ACEs on illicit drug use in a community-based sample of pregnant women with middle to high SES.

Methods
This study is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study that collected data from 1660 women during and after pregnancy in Calgary, Canada between 2008 and 2011 using mailed surveys. Illicit drug use in pregnancy was self-reported by women at 34–36 weeks gestation. An established scale examined maternal ACEs before 18 years. Logistic regression models and 95% confidence intervals tested associations between maternal ACE scores and illicit drug use in pregnancy.

Results
Overall, 3.1% of women in this predominantly married, well-educated, middle and upper middle income sample reported illicit drug use in pregnancy. Women with 2–3 ACEs had more than a two-fold increase, and women with 4 or more ACEs had almost a four-fold increase in illicit drug use in pregnancy, relative to women with 0–1 ACEs after adjustment for confounders. Exposure to child abuse was more consistently associated with illicit drug use in pregnancy than exposure to household dysfunction in childhood.

Conclusions
Maternal ACEs were common and associated with a moderate increase in the odds of illicit drug use in pregnancy among Canadian women with middle to high SES.
Associations between treatment goals, patient characteristics, and outcome measures for patients with musculoskeletal disorders in physiotherapy practice
Authors: Amundsen Olav , Vøllestad Nina Køpke , Meisingset Ingebrigt , Robinson Hilde Stendal 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Goal setting is linked to person-centred care and is a core component in physiotherapy, but the associations between goal classes, patient characteristics and outcome measures for musculoskeletal disorders has not been investigated. The study’s purpose was to examine 1) how goals used in clinical practice for patients with musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are distributed in classes based on ICF, 2) if goal classes were associated with patient characteristics and 3) whether goal classes were associated with treatment outcome.

Methods
Data analysis from a longitudinal observational study (N = 2591). Goals were classified in symptom, function/structure, activity/participation and non-classifiable. Associations between patient characteristics and goal classes were examined using x2 and one-way ANOVA. Association between goal classes and outcomes were examined using multiple logistic and linear regression models. Outcomes are reported at 3 months or end of treatment if prior to 3 months.

Results
There was a high variability in goals used for patients with MSD. 17% had symptom goals, 32.3% function/structure, 43.4% activity/participation and 7.4% non-classifiable goals. We found significant associations between goal classes and age, gender, severity, region of pain/diagnosis and emotional distress (all p < .001). Activity/participation goals were associated with better outcomes on GPE (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.23–2.66). Non-classifiable goal was associated with poorer outcomes on pain intensity (B .87, 95% CI .32–1.43).

Conclusion
There is an association between goal classes and patient characteristics. Including activity/participation in the main goal was associated with better outcomes for GPE and having a non-classifiable goal was associated with poorer outcomes for pain intensity.

Trial registration
The project is approved by the Regional committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics in Norway (REC no. 2013/2030). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03626389.
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2-induced euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis unmasks latent autoimmune diabetes in a patient misdiagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case report
Authors: Vadasz Brian , Arazi Mattan , Shukha Yousef , Koren Ofir , Taher Riad 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background
Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis is an uncommon but life-threatening complication associated with the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors that causes lower than expected blood glucose levels typically seen in diabetic ketoacidosis.

Case presentation
We present a case of 64-year-old Caucasian male patient previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes treated with a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor who developed severe ketoacidosis. Serum glucose levels on initial presentation were slightly above normal baseline level. The patient was revealed to have latent autoimmune diabetes in adults.

Conclusion
This case highlights the importance of prescribing sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors to the correct patient population and the significance of accurately differentiating between various types of diabetes.
Stress-sensitive permeability of matrix cores and artificially fractured cores with nonproppant-filled fractures under high-pressure conditions
Authors: Nie Ren-Shi , Wang Zheng , Chen Zhangxin , Wang An-Cheng , Zhou Chang-Hong , Lei Jian-Yong , Pan Yi 
Published: February 2021

Stress-sensitive permeability (SSP) influences gas well productivity and is a crucial element influencing gas reservoir development. SSP for high-pressure fractured gas reservoirs with an initial reservoir pressure of more than 20 MPa has never been comprehensively evaluated to the best of our knowledge. SSP experiments with special procedures were designed by adopting the variable confining pressure (VCP) and variable internal pressure (VIP) methods. VCP is a test method in which the confining pressure is altered and a constant internal pressure is maintained for the experimental core holder. VIP is a test method in which the internal pressure is changed and a constant confining pressure is maintained. A four-stage curve analysis method was developed to perform regressions on semilogarithmic curves and exponential curves of experimental data. A method to evaluate the SSP was developed using stress sensitivity coefficients obtained via regressions. A calculation approach for determining the degrees of permeability damage and permeability recovery also was evaluated. In total, six matrix cores and six cores with artificial fractures from a high-pressure fractured sandstone gas reservoir were tested using the two methods. The SSP curves for high-pressure reservoirs were characterized by four-stage variation trends, which show differentiation with low-pressure reservoirs with an initial reservoir pressure less than 20 MPa. The stress sensitivity of the VCP method was stronger than that of the VIP method. The core samples mainly showed a “medium”/“medium-strong” stress sensitivity under low/high effective stress conditions. Compared with matrix cores, fractured cores showed stronger stress sensitivity owing to strong plasticity and weak elasticity. The maximum permeability damage degree reached 99.67%, and the minimum permeability recovery was only 6.9%. Our method of experimental design, four-stage curve analysis, stress sensitivity evaluation, and our overall findings can provide references for future studies on SSP in high-pressure fractured sandstone gas reservoirs.
Integration of gravity, magnetic, and seismic data for subsalt modeling in the Northern Red Sea
Authors: Le Magoarou Camille , Hirsch Katja , Fleury Clement , Martin Remy , Ramirez-Bernal Johana , Ball Philip 
Published: February 2021

Rifts and rifted passive margins are often associated with thick evaporite layers, which challenge seismic reflection imaging in the subsalt domain. This makes understanding the basin evolution and crustal architecture difficult. An integrative, multidisciplinary workflow has been developed using the exploration well, gravity and magnetics data, together with seismic reflection and refraction data sets to build a comprehensive 3D subsurface model of the Egyptian Red Sea. Using a 2D iterative workflow first, we have constructed cross sections using the available well penetrations and seismic refraction data as preliminary constraints. The 2D forward model uses regional gravity and magnetic data to investigate the regional crustal structure. The final models are refined using enhanced gravity and magnetic data and geologic interpretations. This process reduces uncertainties in basement interpretation and magmatic body identification. Euler depth estimates are used to point out the edges of high-susceptibility bodies. We achieved further refinement by initiating a 3D gravity inversion. The resultant 3D gravity model increases precision in crustal geometries and lateral density variations within the crust and the presalt sediments. Along the Egyptian margin, where data inputs are more robust, basement lows are observed and interpreted as basins. Basement lows correspond with thin crust ([Formula: see text]), indicating that the evolution of these basins is closely related to the thinning or necking process. In fact, the Egyptian Northern Red Sea is typified by dramatic crustal thinning or necking that is occurring over very short distances of approximately 30 km, very proximal to the present-day coastline. The integrated 2D and 3D modeling reveals the presence of high-density magnetic bodies that are located along the margin. The location of the present-day Zabargad transform fault zone is very well delineated in the computed crustal thickness maps, suggesting that it is associated with thin crust and shallow mantle.
Spatial delineation of rock types in the Meramec Formation by integrating core and seismic measurements, Loyal area, Kingfisher County, Anadarko Basin
Authors: Patel Swetal , Gupta Ishank , Fu Jing , Tinni Ali , Marfurt Kurt J. , Sondergeld Carl , Rai Chandra 
Published: February 2021

The Mississippian-age Sooner Trend Anadarko Canadian Kingfisher (STACK) area of Oklahoma is one of the more important new resource plays in North America. It consists of multilevel drilling targets, including mudrock, siltstone, and carbonate reservoirs, some of which are self-sourced and all of which require hydraulic fracturing to produce commercial quantities of oil. The efficacy of the fracturing relies on whether the created fracture network drains from producible rock types. We have integrated data at core and seismic resolution scales to map the rock types’ spatially exhaustive lateral and vertical variation for this new play. We measured porosity, permeability, saturated compressional wave (P-wave) and shear wave (S-wave) velocity, and density in the laboratory at 2 ft intervals on the cores. We defined rock types corresponding to engineering flow units based on porosity and permeability measurements. We mapped these rock types against alternative elastic property crossplots, including P-impedance, S-impedance, Poisson’s ratio, lambda-rho, and mu-rho. P- and S- impedance are the only two independent elastic properties measured on the core samples, and other elastic properties are calculated from these. Hence, the rock types showed equal sensitivity to all of the elastic property pairs. We observe a 30% difference between the core and seismic elastic values, attributed to dispersion and effective media effects. We managed this discrepancy between the core and surface seismic elastic values by simple linear scaling. We found that the P-impedance and Poisson’s ratio core measurements were easier to scale linearly to the corresponding seismic frequency measurements. Once scaled, we used Bayesian classification to map the P-impedance and Poisson’s ratio rock type template defined by the core measurements to the same elastic parameters measured by prestack seismic inversion. As we move away from the six cored wells deeper into the basin and more distal from the shelf, we encounter P-impedance/Poisson’s ratio pairs not seen in the core, resulting in areas where the rock type is “unknown.” The seismically predicted rock types show an excellent correlation at the well locations and provided stratigraphically reasonable images away from the wells, suggesting that as more wells are cored, these unknown rock types can be classified.
Relationship between Serum Nutritional Factors and Bone Mineral Density: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Qu Zihao , Yang Fangkun , Yan Yishang , Hong Jianqiao , Wang Wei , Li Sihao , Jiang Guangyao , Yan Shigui 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Multiple risk factors have been implicated in the development of osteoporosis. This study examined potential associations between serum nutritional factors and bone mineral density (BMD).

Methods
Six nutritional factors were selected as exposures. Outcomes included total body BMD (n = 66 945); BMD at the forearm (FA), femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) (n = 8143, n = 32 735, and n = 28 498, respectively); estimated heel BMD (HL eBMD) (n = 394 929); and HL eBMD stratified by sex (n = 206 496). A 2-sample Mendelian randomization approach was adopted to estimate the association between serum nutritional factors and BMD. The threshold for adjusted P value was 1.39 × 10−3.

Results
Serum calcium levels were inversely associated with LS BMD (effect = −0.55; 95% CI, −0.86 to −0.24; P = 0.001), whereas serum selenium levels were positively correlated with HL eBMD (effect = 0.22; 95% CI, 0.10 to 0.33; P = 1.70 × 10−4). Regarding nominal significance, there was a positive association between serum selenium levels and FA BMD. Nominally significant results were also obtained for serum retinol as well as vitamin E levels and HL eBMD. Moreover, sex-specific effects of serum retinol and vitamin E levels on BMD were observed in men.

Conclusion
Serum calcium and selenium levels influence BMD at specific skeletal sites. This implies that these nutritional factors play crucial roles in bone metabolism.