bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Knee Arthroplasty following Knee Arthroscopy in Patients over 50
Authors: Buck J. Stewart , Odum Susan M. , Salava Jonathan K. , Macknet David M. , Fehring Thomas K. , Springer Bryan D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the conversion rate of knee arthroscopy to ipsilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) within 2 years in patients aged 50 or older at the time of arthroscopy. The administrative database from a large, physician-owned orthopaedic practice (>100 surgeons) was queried to identify patients over the age of 50 who had undergone arthroscopic knee surgery between January 1, 2006 and January 2, 2015. The subset of patients who converted to TKA within 2 years after knee arthroscopy was identified and matched by age and sex to a control population that did not convert to TKA. Rates of conversion to TKA were calculated. Prearthroscopic digital radiographs were reviewed and Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grades were compared among case and control populations. Univariable analyses and multivariable regression analysis were performed. Eight hundred seven of 16,061 (5.02%) patients aged 50 or older were converted to TKA within 2 years following ipsilateral knee arthroscopy. In univariable analysis, the rate of conversion to TKA in patients aged between 50 and 54 was 2.94%, compared with 4.44% in patients aged between 55 and 64, and 8.32% in patients 65 or older (p < 0.0001). Female sex was associated with a higher rate of conversion to TKA in univariable analysis (5.93 vs. 4.02% in males, p < 0.0001). KL grades were higher among patients who converted to TKA compared with those who did not (p < 0.0001). In a multivariable regression model controlling for age, sex, and KL grade, only increased KL grade was associated with increased odds of conversion to TKA. In the appropriately selected older patient, the risk of conversion to TKA within 2 years of knee arthroscopy is low (∼5%). Patients with KL grade 2 or higher at the time of arthroscopy should be counseled on the increased odds of early conversion to TKA.
A Single-Center Retrospective Evaluation of Unplanned Pediatric Critical Care Upgrades
Authors: Yoder Lisa R. , Dillon Bridget , DeMartini Theodore K. M. , Zhou Shouhao , Thomas Neal J. , Krawiec Conrad 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background Inappropriate triage of critically ill pediatric patients can lead to poor outcomes and suboptimal resource utilization. This study aimed to determine and describe the demographic characteristics, diagnostic categories, and timing of unplanned upgrades to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) that required short (< 24 hours of care) and extended (≥ 24 hours of care) stays. In this article, we hypothesized that we will identify demographic characteristics, diagnostic categories, and frequent upgrade timing periods in both of these groups that may justify more optimal triage strategies.
Methods This was a single-institution retrospective study of unplanned PICU upgrades between 2012 and 2018. The cohort was divided into two groups (short and extended PICU stay). We reviewed the electronic health record and evaluated for: demographics, mortality scores, upgrade timing (7a-3p, 3p-11p, 11p-7a), lead-in time (time spent on clinical service before upgrade), patient origin, and diagnostic category.
Results Four hundred and ninety-eight patients' unplanned PICU upgrades were included. One hundred and nine patients (21.9%) required a short and 389 (78.1%) required an extended PICU stay. Lead-in time (mean, standard deviation) was significantly lower in the short group (0.65 ± 0.66 vs. 0.91 ± 0.82) (p = 0.0006). A higher proportion of short group patients (59, 46.1%) were upgraded during the 3p-11p shift (p = 0.0077).
Conclusion We found that approximately one-fifth of PICU upgrades required less than 24 hours of critical care services, were more likely to be transferred between 3p-11p, and had lower lead-in times. In institutions where ill pediatric patients can be admitted to either a PICU or a monitored step-down unit, this study highlights quality improvement opportunities, particularly in recognizing which pediatric patients truly need critical care.
Density dependent local structures in InTe phase-change materials
Authors: Sun Suyang , Zhang Bo , Wang Xudong , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2021

Chalcogenide phase-change materials based random access memory (PCRAM) is one of the leading candidates for the development of non-volatile memory and neuro-inspired computing technologies. Recent work shows indium to be an important alloying element for PCRAM, while a thorough understanding of the parent compound InTe, in particular, its amorphous phase, is still lacking. In this work, we carry out ab initio simulations and chemical bonding analyses on amorphous and various crystalline polymorphs of InTe. We reveal that the local geometries are highly density dependent in amorphous structures, forming In-centered tetrahedral motifs under ambient conditions but defective octahedral motifs under pressure, which stems from the bonding characters of its crystalline polymorphs. In addition, our ab initio molecular dynamics simulations predict rapid crystallization capability of InTe under pressure. Finally, we make a suggestion for better use of indium and propose an “active” device design to utilize both thermal and mechanical effects for phase-change applications.
Targeted polyelectrolyte complex micelles treat vascular complications in vivo
Authors: Zhou Zhengjie , Yeh Chih-Fan , Mellas Michael , Oh Myung-Jin , Zhu Jiayu , Li Jin , Huang Ru-Ting , Harrison Devin L. , Shentu Tzu-Pin , Wu David , Lueckheide Michael , Carver Lauryn , Chung Eun Ji , Leon Lorraine , Yang Kai-Chien , Tirrell Matthew V. , Fang Yun 
Published: December 2021

Significance
Vascular disease is a leading cause of human morbidity and mortality and current therapies mainly target systemic risk factors but not the diseased vasculature per se. We have devised a targeted nanomedicine approach engineering self-assembled polyelectrolyte complex micelles that target inflamed vascular endothelium and simultaneously encapsulate therapeutic nucleic acids. We showed that this targeted nanomedicine strategy effectively delivers therapeutic nucleotides to inflamed endothelium in vivo. The causal role of increased endothelial miR-92a in driving atherosclerosis is established by a new transgenic mouse line. We demonstrated that targeted polyelectrolyte complex micelles significantly enhance the anti–miR-92a therapy treating vascular complications in vivo.
Hobit confers tissue-dependent programs to type 1 innate lymphoid cells
Authors: Yomogida Kentaro , Bigley Tarin M. , Trsan Tihana , Gilfillan Susan , Cella Marina , Yokoyama Wayne M. , Egawa Takeshi , Colonna Marco 
Published: December 2021

SignificanceInnate responses against viral infection and other intracellular pathogens rely on immune cells that are capable of lysing infected cells and producing interferon-gamma (IFNγ). These cells encompass two major cell lineages: natural killer (NK) cells and type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s). While NK cells have been extensively characterized, identification of ILC1s and their distinction from NK cells are less clear. The transcription factor Hobit encoded byZfp683has been put forth as a prototypic feature of ILC1s. By analyzingZfp683reporter, fate-map, and -deficient mice, we demonstrate that the impact of Hobit on ILC1 identity and transcriptional and functional programs is tissue- and context-dependent. Thus, ILC1s adapt to local stimuli and tailor their responses to the tissue niche.
Distributed least squares prediction for functional linear regression*
Authors: Tong Hongzhi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
To cope with the challenges of memory bottleneck and algorithmic scalability when massive data sets are involved, we propose a distributed least squares procedure in the framework of functional linear model and reproducing kernel Hilbert space. This approach divides the big data set into multiple subsets, applies regularized least squares regression on each of them, and then averages the individual outputs as a final prediction. We establish the non-asymptotic prediction error bounds for the proposed learning strategy under some regularity conditions. When the target function only has weak regularity, we also introduce some unlabelled data to construct a semi-supervised approach to enlarge the number of the partitioned subsets. Results in present paper provide a theoretical guarantee that the distributed algorithm can achieve the optimal rate of convergence while allowing the whole data set to be partitioned into a large number of subsets for parallel processing.
Study on the high birefringence and low confinement loss terahertz fiber based on the combination of double negative curvature and nested claddings
Authors: Yuan Ziwei , Wang Yi , Yan Dexian , Cao Mingxuan , Meng Miao , Li Xiangjun , Sun Shuai 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A novel double negative curvature nested fiber structure is designed by adding extra circular cladding tubes to enhance the birefringence and reduce the confinement loss. The fiber structure is composed of eight circular cladding tubes and two semi-elliptical nested tubes. The transmission performances of terahertz fiber, including birefringence, confinement loss, dispersion and effective mode field area, are studied by changing the parameters of cladding tubes. In the frequency range of 1.75–2.6 THz, the broad bandwidth of 850 GHz with high birefringence (above 10−4) can be achieved. The confinement loss of y-polarization mode with the frequency of 2.575 THz can be as low as 0.00231 dB cm−1. The waveguide dispersion coefficient is between ±0.188 ps (THz cm)−1 in the frequency range of 2.0–2.475 THz. The maximum effective mode field area of x-polarization mode is 2.618 × 10−6 m2 at 2.6 THz.
Solution-processed whispering-gallery-mode microsphere lasers based on colloidal CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Xie Minghong , Gong Wenxiao , Kong Lei , Liu Yang , Mi Yang , Guo Heng , Luo Sheng-Nian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as attractive gain materials for solution-processed microlasers. Despite the recent surge of reports in this field, it is still challenging to develop low-cost perovskite NC-based microlasers with high performance. Herein, we demonstrate low-threshold, spectrally tunable lasing from ensembles of CsPbBr3 NCs deposited on silica microspheres. Multiple whispering-gallery-mode lasing is achieved from individual NC/microspheres with a low threshold of ∼3.1 μJ cm−2 and cavity quality factor of ∼1193. Through time-resolved photoluminescence measurements, electron–hole plasma recombination is elucidated as the lasing mechanism. By tuning the microsphere diameter, the desirable single-mode lasing is successfully achieved. Remarkably, the CsPbBr3 NCs display durable room-temperature lasing under ∼107 shots of pulsed laser excitation, substantially exceeding the stability of conventional colloidal NCs. These CsPbBr3 NC-based microlasers can be potentially useful in photonic applications.
Projection-to-image transform frame: a lightweight block reconstruction network for computed tomography
Authors: Ma Genwei , Zhao Xing , Zhu Yining , Zhang Huitao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Several reconstruction networks have been invented to solve the problem of learning-based computed tomography (CT) reconstruction. However, the application of neural networks to tomographic reconstruction remains challenging due to unacceptable memory space requirements. In this study, we present a novel lightweight block reconstruction network (LBRN), which transforms the reconstruction operator into a deep neural network by unrolling the filter back-projection (FBP) method. Specifically, the proposed network contains two main modules, which respectively correspond to the filter and back-projection of the FBP method. The first module of the LBRN decouples the relationship of the Radon transform between the reconstructed image and the projection data. Therefore, the following module, block back-projection, can use the block reconstruction strategy. Because each image block is only connected with part-filtered projection data, the network structure is greatly simplified and the parameters of the whole network are dramatically reduced. Moreover, this approach is trained end-to-end, working directly from raw projection data, and does not depend on any initial images. Five reconstruction experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed LBRN: full angle, low-dose CT, region of interest, metal artifact reduction and a real data experiment. The results of the experiments show that the LBRN can be effectively introduced into the reconstruction process and has outstanding advantages in terms of different reconstruction problems.
Linking topological features of the Hofstadter model to optical diffraction figures
Authors: Di Colandrea Francesco , D’Errico Alessio , Maffei Maria , Price Hannah M , Lewenstein Maciej , Marrucci Lorenzo , Cardano Filippo , Dauphin Alexandre , Massignan Pietro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In two, three and even four spatial dimensions, the transverse responses experienced by a charged particle on a lattice in a uniform magnetic field are fully controlled by topological invariants called Chern numbers, which characterize the energy bands of the underlying Hofstadter Hamiltonian. These remarkable features, solely arising from the magnetic translational symmetry, are captured by Diophantine equations which relate the fraction of occupied states, the magnetic flux and the Chern numbers of the system bands. Here we investigate the close analogy between the topological properties of Hofstadter Hamiltonians and the diffraction figures resulting from optical gratings. In particular, we show that there is a one-to-one relation between the above mentioned Diophantine equation and the Bragg condition determining the far-field positions of the optical diffraction peaks. As an interesting consequence of this mapping, we discuss how the robustness of diffraction figures to structural disorder in the grating is a direct analogue of the robustness of transverse conductance in the quantum Hall effect.
Inward diffusion driven by low frequency fluctuations in self-organizing magnetospheric plasma
Authors: Kenmochi N. , Yokota Y. , Nishiura M. , Saitoh H. , Sato N. , Nakamura K. , Mori T. , Ueda K. , Yoshida Z. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The new findings for dynamic process of inward diffusion in the magnetospheric plasma are reported on the Ring Trap 1 (RT-1) experiment: (i) the evolution of local density profile in the self-organized process has been analyzed by the newly developed tomographic reconstruction applying a deep learning method; (ii) the impact of neutral-gas injection excites low-frequency fluctuations, which continues until the peaked density profile recovers. The fluctuations have magnetic components (suggesting the high-beta effect) which have two different frequencies and propagation directions. The phase velocities are of the order of magnetization drifts, and both the velocities and the intensities increase in proportion to the electron density. The self-regulating mechanism of density profile works most apparently in the naturally made confinement system, magnetosphere, which teaches the basic physics of long-lived structures underlying every stationary confinement scheme.
Study of Heterogeneous Plasma Created by Magneto-Plasma Compressor and Erosive Capillary Discharge
Authors: Klimov A I , Belov N K , Brovkin V G , Pashchina A S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Magneto-plasma compressor with a pulsed capillary erosive plasma generator (MPC-EP) has been designed, manufactured and tested at the first time. This MPC-EP was used to study the physical properties of a high-energy long-lived heterogeneous plasma (ELHP) created by pulsed capillary erosive plasma generator (EP) at the wide range of pressure and temperature. The results of measurements of the parameters of the shock wave created by the MPC-EP, as well as optical spectroscopy and soft X-ray spectroscopy are presented.
Oblique shock wave reflection at plasma array presence
Authors: Elliott S , Firsov A A , Leonov S B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This work discusses the effect of a filamentary plasma array on shock wave (SW) reflection pattern and on a shock-induced separation zone geometry. It includes experimental and computational components both. The experimentation was performed in the supersonic blowdown test rig SBR-50 at the University of Notre Dame at flow Mach number M=2, stagnation pressure P0=1.7-2.7 bar and stagnation temperature T0=300 K. Oblique shock wave generator composed of a symmetric solid wedge was installed on the top wall of test section while the filamentary plasma generator was arranged on the opposite wall. Thus, the main SW originating from the wedge impinged the plasma area. As a result of the SW-plasma interaction, the flowfield was significantly modified, including a shift of the main SW upstream and redistribution of wall pressure over the test section. The computational analysis allowed a 3D reconstruction of the SW interaction with the plasma array. The physics of SW-plasma array interaction are also discussed.
Influence of mechanical action on the development of electrodynamic phenomena in ionized gas
Authors: Basargin I V , Baryshnikov A S , Saharov V A , Popov P A , Gerasimenko A B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A special feature of this work is the study of the effect of mechanical mode disturbances on the discharge and plasma flow. It is found that the mechanical impact of a shock wave in a dense gas in an electric field of high intensity almost to the ignition voltage causes an electrical “breakdown” as current peaks. The ultrasonic effect on the flow of the reacting plasma of the air as shown by the analytical study of the thin layer of the plasma flow changes the type of flow.
Flow separation control on a smooth ledge using an arc discharge in a magnetic field
Authors: Kazanskii P N , Moralev I A , Kotvitskii A Ya 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents results of experimental study for surface MHD arc actuator as vortex generator in boundary layer of smooth ledge. The study was held at flow velocities 20 to 50 m/s. The pulsed arc discharge was organized in external magnetic field. The amplitude of current was 80 A, while pulse duration was 80 μs. The flow velocity was measured by PIV method. It was founded that the location of the arc breakdown is critically impotent. The arc must be struck just above the separation point. The operation of the actuator in a pulse-periodic mode leads to a shift in the middle position of the flow separation point at frequencies up to 700 Hz and higher. A three-dimensional analysis of the separation region structure behind the MHD actuator shows that the main effect on the flow occurs in the interelectrode gap.
Influence of the Condition of the Exposed Electrode Edge in the SDBD on the Discharge Operation Mode in Argon
Authors: Selivonin I , Moralev I 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The paper is devoted to the phenomenological study of the operating modes of a surface barrier discharge in argon in the case of treated by the discharge and new aluminum and copper electrodes. It is shown that without preliminary treating of the edges of the electrodes in the case of copper and aluminum electrodes, the discharge has a different spatial structure determined by the self-organization of the DBD. After erosion cleaning of the electrode edges, the identical operating modes are established. Such effects confirm the former assumption that the key factor determining the mode of the discharge operation for various electrode materials is the surface charge built on the oxides deposited on the edge. The different dynamics of oxides in the case of copper and aluminum electrodes is determined by the resistance of the oxides of these metals to sputtering, which is indirectly confirmed by the estimation of the binding energy for these materials.
Ionization wave propagation in a long capillary tube in the presence of a low-current glow discharge in low-pressure helium
Authors: Akishev Yu S , Karalnik V B , Petryakov A V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The experimental results on the study of the positive ionization wave propagating along a long capillary tube are presented. The ionization wave was initiated by eigther high-voltage pulse of positive polarity applied over a long capillary tube with helium or high-voltage pulse applied over the same tube but in presence of low-current glow discharge. The spreading of this wave is accompanied by the surface charge deposition. The usage of the fine-sectioned outer electrode allows one to find out the features of the positive ionization wave in both cases (with or without low-current discharge).
Mismatch of frequencies of ac voltage and streamers propagation in cold atmospheric plasma jet for typical regimes of cancer cell treatment
Authors: Schweigert I , Alexandrov A , Zakrevsky D , Milakhina E , Patrakova E , Troitskaya O , Birykov M , Koval O 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) jet generated by the plasma source at 2-6 kV ac voltages with frequencies of 10-50 kHz demonstrate the different modes of operation. Depending on the voltage frequency and amplitude, some streamers in the plasma jet are short and decay before they approach the treated surface. In this case, the effect on the viability of cancer cells when exposed to CAP jet strongly depends on the mode of operation of the discharge or, in other words, on how many times the streamers hit the bio-target during the treatment. The effect on different modes on cancer cells A549 viability is reported.
Numerical Modeling of Pulse-Periodic Nanosecond Discharges
Authors: Bityurin V A , Bocharov A N , Dobrovolskaya A S , Kuznetsova T N , Popov N A , Filimonova E A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The first results of the numerical simulation of the Pulse-Periodic Nanosecond discharge in pin-to-pin configuration in 2Dt approximation of the full self-consist system of Navier-Stocks equation for real thermo-chemically non-equilibrium gases, drift-diffusion approximation of the low temperature plasma evolution in external electric and magnetic field and, alternative – arc (spark) discharge model of high-density energy input discharge. The intuitive criteria of the alternative discharge models re-switch are proposed and tested. The pin-to-pin the pulse-periodic nanosecond 5-MHz discharge has been considered for 1 microsecond interval. It was found that rather strong longitudinal non-uniformities of main physical parameters are created at the first corona stage of the interelectrode conducting channel. These nonuniformities reveal long-lived features that have define strong effect on the discharge performance
Thermal efficiency of metal foams on pool boiling
Authors: Manetti L L , Moita A S , Cardoso E M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents an experimental work on pool boiling using HFE-7100 at saturated conditions, under atmospheric pressure, and copper and nickel foams as the heating surface with four different thicknesses varying between 0.5 mm and 3 mm, followed by an analysis of the effect of foam fin-efficiency based on Ghosh model. All foams showed a better heat transfer coefficient (HTC) than the plain surface; however, as the heat flux increased, the HTC from the thicker nickel foams decreased due to the bubble vapor flow inside the foam. On the other hand, the thinner nickel foam showed better HTC at high heat fluxes with a maximum enhancement of 120%. The foam efficiency presented a similar tendency with the HTC, i.e., as the thickness decreases the efficiency increases; however, as compared with copper foams with a similar area but different porous diameter, the copper foams are 40% more efficient than the nickel ones due to the foam material, which has a thermal conductivity 4.5 times higher.