bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making the most of the old age: Autumn breeding as an extra reproductive investment in older seabirds
Authors: Ramírez Francisco , Chiaradia Andre , O'Leary Danielle A. , Reina Richard D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe extrinsic and intrinsic factors affecting differing reproductive strategies among populations are central to understanding population and evolutionary ecology. To evaluate whether individual reproductive strategies responded to annual patterns in marine productivity and age‐related processes in a seabird we used a long term (2003–2013), a continuous dataset on nest occupancy and attendance at the colony by little penguins (Eudyptula minor) at Phillip Island (Victoria, Australia). We found that concurrent with a secondary annual peak of marine productivity, a secondary peak in colony attendance and nest occupancy was observed in Autumn (out of the regular breeding season in spring/summer) with individuals showing mating‐like behavior. Individuals attending this autumn peak averaged 2.5 years older than those individuals that exclusively bred during spring/summer. Rather than being a naïve response by younger and inexperienced birds misreading environmental cues, our data indicate that the autumn peak attendance is an earlier attempt to breed by older and more experienced penguins. Therefore, we provide strong support for the fundamental prediction of the life‐history theory of increasing investment in reproduction with age to maximize lifetime fitness as future survival prospects diminish and experience increases.
Evolution of adult male horn developmental phenotypes and character displacement in Xylotrupes beetles (Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Huang Jen‐Pan , Morgan Brett 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCharacter displacement that leads to divergent phenotypes between sympatric species has been hypothesized to facilitate coexistence and promote the accumulation of biodiversity. However, there are alternative evolutionary mechanisms that may also lead to the evolution of phenotypic divergence between sympatric species; one of the mechanisms is evolutionary contingency. We studied the evolution of the presence and absence of a major male horn phenotype, which may have ecological implications for promoting coexistence between sympatric beetles, across geographic populations from different Xylotrupes beetles. By using a previously published phylogeny with 80 Xylotrupes taxa, we estimated the transition rates between the two phenotypic states (i.e., presence vs. absence of a major male phenotype). Based on the estimated transition rates, we then simulated possible phenotypic outcomes between sympatric species. We found that sympatric species were equally likely to evolve the same versus distinct phenotypic states based on the estimated transition rates given the phylogeny. The empirically observed number of sympatric species showing different phenotypic states can be explained by evolutionary contingency alone. We discussed the importance of applying phylogenetic comparative methods when studying phenotypic evolution and more generally to investigate the effect of stochastic processes before making deterministic inferences.
Predicting the potential distribution and forest impact of the invasive species Cydalima perspectalis in Europe
Authors: Canelles Quim , Bassols Emili , Vayreda Jordi , Brotons Lluís 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInvasive species have considerably increased in recent decades due to direct and indirect effects of ever‐increasing international trade rates and new climate conditions derived from global change. We need to better understand how the dynamics of early species invasions develop and how these result in impacts on the invaded ecosystems. Here we studied the distribution and severe defoliation processes of the box tree moth (Cydalima perspectalis W.), a tree defoliator insect native to Asia and invasive in Europe since 2007, through the combination of species distribution models based on climate and landscape composition information. The results showed that the combination of data from the native and the invaded areas was the most effective methodology for the appropriate invasive species modeling. The species was not influenced by overall landscape factors, but only by the presence of its host plant, dispersal capacity, and climate suitability. Such climate suitability was described by low precipitation seasonality and minimum annual temperatures around 0°C, defining a continentality effect throughout the territory. We emphasize the need of studying distribution and severe defoliation processes separately because we identified that climate suitability was slightly involved in limiting species spread processes but strongly constrained ecosystem impact in terms of defoliation before the species reaches equilibrium with the new environment. New studies on habitat recovery after disturbance, ecological consequences of such impact, and community dynamics in a context of climate change are required for a better understanding of this invasive species.
Effects of different exercise modalities on cardiac dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Bode David , Rolim Natale P.L. , Guthof Tim , Hegemann Niklas , Wakula Paulina , Primessnig Uwe , Berre Anne Marie Ormbostad , Adams Volker , Wisløff Ulrik , Pieske Burkert M. , Heinzel Frank R. , Hohendanner Felix ,   OptimEx Study Group
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is an increasingly prevalent disease. Physical exercise has been shown to alter disease progression in HFpEF. We examined cardiomyocyte Ca2+ homeostasis and left ventricular function in a metabolic HFpEF model in sedentary and trained rats following 8 weeks of moderate‐intensity continuous training (MICT) or high‐intensity interval training (HIIT).Methods and resultsLeft ventricular in vivo function (echocardiography) and cardiomyocyte Ca2+ transients (CaTs) (Fluo‐4, confocal) were compared in ZSF‐1 obese (metabolic syndrome, HFpEF) and ZSF‐1 lean (control) 21‐ and 28‐week‐old rats. At 21 weeks, cardiomyocytes from HFpEF rats showed prolonged Ca2+ reuptake in cytosolic and nuclear CaTs and impaired Ca2+ release kinetics in nuclear CaTs. At 28 weeks, HFpEF cardiomyocytes had depressed CaT amplitudes, decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content, increased SR Ca2+ leak, and elevated diastolic [Ca2+] following increased pacing rate (5 Hz). In trained HFpEF rats (HIIT or MICT), cardiomyocyte SR Ca2+ leak was significantly reduced. While HIIT had no effects on the CaTs (1–5 Hz), MICT accelerated early Ca2+ release, reduced the amplitude, and prolonged the CaT without increasing diastolic [Ca2+] or cytosolic Ca2+ load at basal or increased pacing rate (1–5 Hz). MICT lowered pro‐arrhythmogenic Ca2+ sparks and attenuated Ca2+‐wave propagation in cardiomyocytes. MICT was associated with increased stroke volume in HFpEF.ConclusionsIn this metabolic rat model of HFpEF at an advanced stage, Ca2+ release was impaired under baseline conditions. HIIT and MICT differentially affected Ca2+ homeostasis with positive effects of MICT on stroke volume, end‐diastolic volume, and cellular arrhythmogenicity.
Layered Arrangement of 1D Wavy Chains in the Lead‐Free Hybrid Perovskite (PyrCO2H)2BiI5: Structural Investigations and Properties
Authors: Skorokhod Alla , Hleli Feten , Hajlaoui Fadhel , Karoui Karim , Allain Magali , Zouari Nabil , Mercier Nicolas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLead free organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted increasing attention because of their variety of applications such as photovoltaics or lighting. Here, we reported a new iodobismuthate organic‐inorganic perovskite (PyrCO2H)2BiI5 where PyrCO2H+ is the 4‐carboxy‐1‐methylpyridinium. In the room temperature orthorhombic phase, the one‐dimensional (1D) inorganic framework which consists of cis‐connected corner‐sharing BiI6 octahedra, exhibits a sinusoidal deformation along the chain axis, while a regular chain leading to a sub‐cell is found in the high temperature phase (T>390 K). An original structural feature is the relative position of consecutive 1D chains in planes leading to a layered character of this organic‐inorganic compound. The electrical properties as function frequencies and temperatures have been studied in particular allowing the extraction of Rg and further the calculation of σg=f(T). Interestingly, a change of activation energy is detected at the phase transition temperature (390 K). The higher value of activation energy above 390 K can be attributed to change of the conduction mechanism involving ionic conduction.
Syntheses, Molecular Structures, and Countercation‐Induced Structural Transformation of Monomeric α‐Keggin‐Type Polyoxotungstate‐Coordinated Mono‐ and Dipalladium(II) Complexes
Authors: Kato Chika Nozaki , Nakahira Ippo , Kasai Ryota , Mori Shigeki 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMonomeric α‐Keggin‐type polyoxotungstate‐coordinated mono‐ and di‐palladium(II) complexes, i. e., Cs5[α‐PW11O39{PdII(Me2ppz)}] ⋅ 5H2O (Cs‐1) (Me2ppz=N,N’‐dimethylpiperazine), [(CH3)4N]4H[α‐PW11O39{PdII(Me2ppz)}] ⋅ 8H2O (TMA‐1), and Cs2.5H0.5[α‐PW11O39{PdII(en)}2] ⋅ 7H2O (en=ethylenediamine) (Cs‐2), were synthesized by 1 : 1 or 1 : 2 stoichiometric reactions of mono‐lacunary α‐Keggin polyoxotungstate [α‐PW11O39]7− with PdCl2(Me2ppz) and PdCl2(en) in aqueous solution. Subsequent purification from water afforded these compounds as analytically pure homogeneous yellow precipitates. Single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis of Cs‐1 revealed that a palladium(II) moiety, i. e., [Pd(Me2ppz)]2+, was coordinated to two oxygen atoms in the mono‐vacant site of [PW11O39]7− with an asymmetric configuration, resulting in an overall C1 symmetry. With regard to the crystal structure of Cs‐2, two palladium species of the [Pd(en)]2+ type were coordinated to two oxygen atoms in the mono‐vacant site with symmetric configuration, resulting in an overall Cs symmetry. A unique structural transformation of the mono‐lacunary α‐Keggin structure of Cs‐1 to the di‐lacunary γ‐Keggin polyoxotungstate Cs7[γ‐PW10O36] was observed upon the addition of cesium chloride.
The Reactivity of Multidentate Schiff Base Ligands Derived from Bi‐ and Terphenyl Polyamines towards M(II) (M=Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd) and M(III) (M=Co, Y, Lu)
Authors: Hylland Knut Tormodssønn , Gerz Isabelle , Wragg David S. , Øien‐Ødegaard Sigurd , Tilset Mats 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMultidentate Schiff base ligands derived from a selection of biphenyl‐ and terphenyl polyamines were synthesized, and their reactivity towards divalent (Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd) and trivalent (Co, Y, Lu) metals was studied by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and UV/Vis spectroscopy for the Cu(II) complexes. Large variations in the resulting complexes were observed based on the relative position of the amine substituents in the parent triamines, as well as the electronic properties of the Schiff base ligand itself. Most notably, Schiff base ligands derived from a m‐terphenyl‐2,2’,2’’‐triamine were found to coordinate in a tetradentate, pentadentate or hexadentate fashion, depending on the size and the valency of the corresponding metal center.
The relationship between economic growth, renewable and nonrenewable energy use and CO2 emissions: empirical evidences for Brazil
Authors: Amarante José Carlos Araújo , Besarria Cássio da Nóbrega , Souza Helson Gomes de , dos Anjos Junior Otoniel Rodrigues 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article examined the causal relationship between economic growth, carbon dioxide (), and renewable and nonrenewable energy use for the 27 Brazilian states from 1997 to 2016. In order to achieve this objective, the system‐generalized method of moment was applied together with the autoregressive vector model for panel data. Estimates of the multivariate model established important relationships to promote public policies. Empirical results show that there is a two‐way relationship between economic growth and emissions. While growth negatively causes emissions, the impact of emissions on economic growth is positive. Additionally, the degree of using nonrenewable energy has a positive effect on economic growth and emissions. On the other hand, renewable energy use positively affects economic growth and negatively affects emissions. Also, economic growth positively causes the use of energies derived from renewable and nonrenewable sources. Finally, as expected, emissions do not affect energy use. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of CO2 capture technologies for CO2 utilization in enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Ogidiama Oghare Victor , Shamim Tariq 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCO2 capture is considered to be a viable means of reducing the harmful environmental impacts of the fossil fuel usage. The net cost of CO2 capture can be reduced and, consequently, the adoption of CO2 capture methods can be enhanced by developing revenue streams for the captured CO2. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR), which is the process of withdrawing crude from oil reservoirs after primary and secondary withdrawal, is viewed as an attractive means of CO2 utilization. The EOR process has the capacity to take large volumes of CO2 captured from power plants and use them for the production of incremental oil. The process which is known as CO2‐EOR has synergistic benefits for the oil and gas and power generation industries. Different CO2 capture technologies are currently being used and their suitability of supplying captured CO2 for utilization in EOR may not be similar. This study analyzes the ease of utilization of CO2 captured from power plants in EOR applications. The analysis is done by comparing different capture technologies in terms of cost and purity of CO2 captured and their suitability of integration with the EOR. The results determine that the post‐combustion CO2 capture is the most EOR friendly technique in terms of CO2 stream purity, while the chemical looping combustion (CLC) is the most EOR amenable in terms of the capture cost. The results show that the CO2 capture efforts from power plants using CLC can be fully covered by additional oil revenue at oil prices above $27.9 per barrel ($175.5/m3). © 2021 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitrogen source impacts Rhizoctonia leaf and sheath spot severity in ultradwarf bermudagrass
Authors: Dant L. A. , Martin S. B. , Kerns J. P. , McCarty L. B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe disease Rhizoctonia leaf and sheath spot (RLSS), caused by Rhizoctonia zeae Voorhees, is problematic in ultradwarf bermudagrass (UDBG) [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis (Burtt‐Davy)] putting greens. Typically, RLSS symptoms are most severe in late summer and appear as frog‐eye patches 10 to 40 cm in diameter. In UDBG, RLSS is often called “mini‐ring” because of the small brown rings that are produced when symptoms are prominent. The effect of N source and N rate on RLSS severity was investigated in 2016 and 2017. Nitrogen sources, ammonium sulfate (AMS) [(NH4)2SO4] and urea (CH4N2O) were applied weekly during the growing season at rates of 4.9, 9.8, and 14.7 kg N ha−1. The study was conducted on ‘P18’ (MiniVerde) and ‘TifEagle’ UDBG cultivars maintained as research putting greens at the Clemson University Pee Dee Research and Education Center in Florence, SC. For both cultivars and in both years, urea decreased RLSS severity when compared to AMS. In November of 2016, RLSS severity increased with increasing rates of AMS; however, a rate response was not evident in 2017. In November of 2016 and 2017, RLSS severity was 25 and 30% when AMS was applied at 14.7 kg N ha−1 wk−1 verses 3 and 1% for UDBG receiving applications of urea at that same rate. These studies demonstrate that utilizing urea as an N source, rather than AMS, is an effective strategy to manage RLSS in UDBG.
Phylogenetic evaluation of Bipolaris and Curvularia species collected from turfgrasses
Authors: Connally Andrea , Smith Damon , Marek Stephen , Wu Yanqi , Walker Nathan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe dothideomycete genera Bipolaris and Curvularia are important pathogens of grasses (Poaceae) and can associate with host tissues without disease symptoms. Species of both genera are responsible for leaf spot epidemics that commonly occur on turfgrass throughout the United States transition zone and southern regions. Recent species typifications with DNA sequences have made a broad examination of Bipolaris and Curvularia species obtained from turfgrass possible. Isolates for analysis were obtained from culture collections or isolated from symptomatic turfgrass samples. Phylogenies based on ITS, GPD, and TEF gene sequences were constructed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses and used to determine intraspecific and intrageneric relationships among Bipolaris and Curvularia species isolated from turfgrasses. Similar to previous studies, Bipolaris and Curvularia species formed separate, well‐supported clades. Morphological identifications of genera and species based on published host‐based keys often disagreed with molecular groupings. For example, C. hawaiiensis (= B. hawaiiensis) could not be differentiated from B. cynodontis while C. australiensis (= B. australiensis) could not be differentiated from C. spicifera (= B. spicifera). Additionally, phylogenies suggest B. coffeana and B. cynodontis are synonymous. However, the number of pseudosepta per conidium was the only consistent morphological character. The delineation of species causing leaf spot diseases of warm‐season turfgrasses should improve disease management decisions and help identify potential pathogens in asymptomatic tissues.
Persistence and performance of spring‐flowering bulbs in warm‐ and cool‐season turfgrasses in a subtropical climate
Authors: Pennisi Svoboda V. , Waltz Freddie C. , Miller William B. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPerformance of eight spring‐flowering bulbs, Chionodoxa sp. ‘Blue Giant’ (glory‐of‐the‐snow), Crocus tommasinianus ‘Ruby Giant’ (crocus), Crocus vernus ‘Remembrance’ (crocus), Narcissus ‘Ice Follies’, N. ‘Tete‐a‐Tete’, N. ‘Thalia’ (daffodil), Muscari sp. ‘Blue Magic’ (grape hyacinth), and Scilla sybirica (Siberian squill), was evaluated after planting into cool season tall fescue lawn [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh. (syn. Festuca arundinacea Schreb.)] ‘Lexington’ and warm‐season hybrid bermudagrass lawn [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy] ‘Tift 94’ (TifSport®) and subjected to various mowing regimes. In the first year after planting, bulbs flowered over a three week period, with peak bloom from the last week of February until mid‐March. However, only daffodil Tete‐a‐Tete and crocus Ruby Giant exhibited satisfactory persistence (defined as >40% bulbs with flowers after two growing seasons), although daffodil Thalia showed satisfactory persistence in a hybrid bermudagrass lawn. Mowing treatment did not significantly affect total bloom count in the second year after planting. Based on our results, daffodil Ice Follies, Siberian squill, grape hyacinth, and glory‐of‐the‐snow were non‐persistent (defined as <10% bulbs with flowers after two growing seasons). The specially designed bulb planter used in this study did not appear to negatively impact turf health. This study demonstrated that warm‐season and cool‐season lawns could be successfully interplanted with spring‐flowering geophytes in a subtropical climate; however, species and cultivars selection is essential to ensure long‐term persistence and maximum aesthetic appearance.
Estimated energy use and greenhouse gas emissions associated with golf course turfgrass maintenance in the Northern USA
Authors: Bekken Michael A. H. , Soldat Douglas J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCarbon sequestration in golf course soils has received some attention, but energy use and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from golf course turfgrass maintenance are poorly quantified. This study developed a model to estimate energy consumption and GHG emissions from golf turf maintenance and applied the model to 14 golf courses located in the northern USA over a 3‐yr period. Energy use and GHG emissions that result from golf course maintenance operations were divided into three scopes. Scope 1 consisted of onsite emissions (n = 14), Scope 2 consisted of offsite emissions (n = 7), and Scope 3 consisted of supply chain (upstream) emissions (n = 7). Scope 1 emissions primarily result from onsite fuel use, Scope 2 emissions primarily result from offsite electricity generation, and Scope 3 emissions primarily result from the production and transport of goods and materials (e.g., machines, fertilizers, pesticides) to the golf course. All scopes were combined to calculate total energy use and emissions (n = 4). Mean area‐normalized Scope 1 energy use was 24 GJ ha–1 yr–1, mean Scope 2 energy use was 7 GJ ha–1 yr–1, mean Scope 3 energy use was 40 GJ ha–1 yr–1 and the mean of all scopes was 72 GJ ha–1 yr–1. Mean area‐normalized Scope 1 emissions were 1,599 kg CO2e ha–1 yr–1, mean Scope 2 emissions were 1,012 kg CO2e ha–1 yr–1, mean Scope 3 emissions were 1,847 kg CO2e ha–1 yr–1 and the mean of all scopes was 4,277 kg CO2e ha–1 yr–1. Fuel and electricity use accounted for 63% of all GHG emissions. Electrifying golf course maintenance equipment and sourcing electricity generated from renewable sources are likely the most effective ways for golf course turfgrass maintenance emissions to be reduced.
Photoacoustic imaging of in vivo hemodynamic responses to sodium nitroprusside
Authors: Zhang Dong , Li Ran , Chen Maomao , Vu Tri , Sheng Huaxin , Yang Wei , Hoffmann Ulrike , Luo Jianwen , Yao Junjie 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe in vivo hemodynamic impact of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a widely used antihypertensive agent, has not been well studied. Here, we applied functional optical‐resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR‐PAM) to study the hemodynamic responses to SNP in mice in vivo. As expected, after the application of SNP, the systemic blood pressure (BP) was reduced by 53%. The OR‐PAM results show that SNP induced an arterial vasodilation of 24% and 23% in the brain and skin, respectively. A weaker venous vasodilation of 9% and 5% was also observed in the brain and skin, respectively. The results show two different types of blood oxygenation response. In mice with decreased blood oxygenation, the arterial and venous oxygenation was respectively reduced by 6% and 13% in the brain, as well as by 7% and 18% in the skin. In mice with increased blood oxygenation, arterial and venous oxygenation was raised by 4% and 22% in the brain, as well as by 1% and 9% in the skin. We observed venous change clearly lagged the arterial change in the skin, but not in the brain. Our results collectively show a correlation among SNP induced changes in systemic BP, vessel size and blood oxygenation.