bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Triphenylamine and Ferrocenyl Donor‐π‐Donor Vinyl BODIPY Derivatives as Photoacoustic Contrast Agents†
Authors: Hatamimoslehabadi Maryam , Frenette Mathieu , Bag Seema , Gilligan Gerald E. , La Jeffrey , Yelleswarapu Chandra , Rochford Jonathan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe photophysical and electrochemical properties for a series of BODIPY dyes with incremental 3‐ and 3,5‐vinyl conjugation, as well as incremental electron‐donating groups (anisole < triphenylamine < ferrocenyl), are presented. Insight into the influence of each vinyl‐conjugated electron‐donating group on both vis‐NIR absorption and fluorescence emission properties is provided. These trends are further corroborated by density functional theory computational analysis. Two of this series containing the 3,5‐bis(vinyltriphenylamine) and 3,5‐bis(vinylferrocenyl) substituents exhibit significant absorption cross sections in the biological transparency window justifying further investigation of their photoacoustic emission properties via both optical photoacoustic z‐scan and photoacoustic tomography experiments. Both the 3,5‐bis(vinyltriphenylamine) and 3,5‐bis(vinylferrocenyl) substituted BODIPY dyes exhibit quantitative photoacoustic quantum yields. Relative to the commercially available methylene blue and indocyanine green molecular photoacoustic contrast agents, the 3,5‐bis(vinyltriphenylamine)‐derived BODIPY exhibits the greatest photoacoustic emission and contrast upon excited‐state absorption at 685 nm excitation at a low power laser fluence (<20 mJ cm‐2).
Building the Momentum: Information Disclosure and Herding in Online Crowdfunding
Authors: Xiao Shengsheng , Ho Yi‐Chun (Chad) , Che Hai 
Published: April 2021

In online crowdfunding markets, backers face high uncertainty about the quality of a campaign. To mitigate such uncertainty, crowdfunding platforms often allow campaign creators to post communicative messages—that is, campaign updates and creator comments—to dynamically disclose further information about the campaigns. In addition, previous funding transactions of ongoing campaigns are made publicly available, giving rise to herding among backers. In this research, we aim to understand how communicative messages and herding interactively shape the behavior of backers contributing to crowdfunding campaigns. Our results show that the frequency of communicative messages has a positive effect on backer contributions; however, it attenuates successors' herding momentum toward predecessors, perhaps because the information disclosed in those messages lowers the informational value of previous funding transactions. To investigate the role of message contents, we extract topics addressed in update and comment messages using a Latent Dirichlet allocation model. The results reveal that distinct messages have different impacts on backers' contribution and herding behavior, and such discrepancies are found to be topic specific. This study not only contributes to operations management literature on crowdfunding but also offers implications for campaign creators and platform managers.
Suicidal behavior in individuals accused or convicted of child sex abuse or indecent image offenses: Systematic review of prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Key Rebecca , Underwood Alan , Farnham Frank , Marzano Lisa , Hawton Keith 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveAn emerging body of research indicates that child sex abuse (CSA) offenders are at high risk of suicide when their offenses come to light and that those accused of accessing indecent images of children (IIOC) are at particular risk.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and narrative synthesis on suicide rates and risk factors in this population of offenders. A keyword search of bibliographic databases (PsycINFO, Ovid, MEDLINE, Embase, PILOTS, SCIE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL] and CINAHL) was conducted.ResultsEighteen articles were included in the review, with eleven studies meeting criteria for quality assessment. The risk of suicide in perpetrators of CSA and IIOC might be over 100 times that of the general population, although estimates vary widely between studies. Several complex, interlinking factors were identified as associated with risk, including shame, unique demographic characteristics of the offenders, absence of prior criminal contact, and the impact of a criminal investigation.ConclusionsThe review identified factors that may have practical, clinical, and operational implications in the prevention of suicide in CSA and IIOC perpetrators. Exploring the impact of the investigation itself on suicide risk, including potential operational strategies and clinical input to reduce risk, should be a priority.
Psychological autopsy study comparing suicide decedents with and without a history of suicide attempts in a nationwide sample of South Korea
Authors: Yook Vidal , Kim Hyewon , Kim Eun Ji , Kim Yuwon , Lee Gusang , Choi Jin Hwa , Shin Myung‐Hee , Jeon Hong Jin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe majority of suicide decedents die on their initial attempt. To bring attention to suicide decedents without a suicide attempt history, the current study explored their demographic, clinical, and suicide‐related characteristics. The data were derived from the Korea National Investigation of Suicide Victims Study, which assessed all suicide cases from 2013 to 2017 recorded in police investigation reports. We compared suicide decedents with and without a history of nonfatal attempts using the Korea Psychological Autopsy Checklist for Police Records (K‐PAC). Out of 5228 cases included in our study, 3147 (60.2%) died on their first suicide attempt. Demographically, those who were male, older than 65, employed, and married/widowed were more likely to die on their initial attempt. Clinically, those who died on their initial attempt were more likely to have never been diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, whereas those who died on a repeated attempt were more likely to have been diagnosed with mood disorders. In terms of suicide‐related factors, experiencing relationship problems and complaining about physical discomfort were associated with dying on an initial attempt. Depressed affect, self‐harming behaviors, and talking about suicide or death were associated with repeated attempts.
A cycle of exclusion that impedes suicide research among racial and ethnic minority youth
Authors: Polanco‐Roman Lillian , Miranda Regina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the United States, suicide risk for Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) is most concentrated before age 30, which contrasts with non‐Hispanic White groups, for whom the highest risk period is during ages 50–65. The need for a better understanding of the underlying causes of suicidal behavior among BIPOC youth is critical. Cultural considerations were recommended over a decade ago to advance the study of youth suicide prevention and research. Without addressing the barriers to implementing these recommendations in limited‐resourced settings, however, the mental health needs of BIPOC youth at risk for suicide will continue to go unmet. In this commentary, we outline structural barriers in research that perpetuate a cycle of exclusion wherein an understudied, though timely, research area faces undue burdens across the research cycle, which impedes the study of suicide risk among BIPOC youth.
Crisis and public intellectuals: From the transnational intellectual field to the digital global public circuit
Authors: Joignant Alfredo , Basaure Mauro 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe examine the modes of intervention of global public intellectuals at times of crisis. In critical situations, public intellectuals take positions on matters that affect the societies they inhabit and, eventually, all humanity. To this end, they take advantage of the opportunities afforded by new communications technologies, establishing an important distinction between the “analog” intellectual (who relies on the slow time of books, opinion columns, and bookstores) and the “digital” intellectual who uses modern information and communications technologies. To study the activities of global public intellectuals and their political influence, we propose to leave aside the notion of “transnational intellectual field” in favor of an understanding of a transnational intellectual stage peopled by a certain type of intellectual agent whose symbolic and cultural production is disseminated through a digital global public circuit. To illustrate the functioning of a circuit of this type, we take the example of the Project Syndicate platform.
Candidate emergence as movement mobilization: An analysis of Women's post‐2016 electoral engagement
Authors: Gordon Katie M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolitical science scholarship argues that women's underrepresentation in American politics stems from a persistent shortage of female candidates. Women are less likely to run because they often perceive individual and structural obstacles that negatively impact their electoral interest. Such barriers remain intact, yet thousands of women have signaled their interest in running for office since the 2016 election by participating in candidate training programs (CTPs). Though running for office is not commonly defined as an activist activity, this article argues that theories of collective action and movement mobilization, rather than those focusing on the psychological aspects of candidate emergence, are better equipped to explain the recent increase of electoral interest. Using EMILY's List—an elite political entity that began as a grassroots social movement organization—as a case, this article integrates scholarship from sociology and political science to examine how feminist activist organizing can impact women's interest in running for public office. I first review the research on women's candidate emergence and CTPs before discussing the electoral movement strategies and the mobilizing impact of the media and collective action frames. The article reviews recent scholarship on the Women's March and the Resistance, then synthesizes the literature to examine EMILY's List and their electoral movement strategies leading up to the 2018 midterm elections. I conclude by suggesting avenues for future research that can bridge the relationship between movements and electoral politics and advance scholarly understanding of how, when, and why women run for office.
An ecological approach to personality: Psychological traits as drivers and consequences of active perception
Authors: Satchell Liam Paul , Kaaronen Roope Oskari , Latzman Robert D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe ecological approach to perception highlights how organisms engage in active perception and that the environment is understood relative to an individual's physical traits. Personality research draws attention to the variability in psychological traits that affect the way individuals differentially explore and anticipate the world. The current paper identifies compatibilities in these fields and suggests that personality both initiates and perpetuates the manner with which individuals engage in active perception. Personality traits both drive and limit perceptual refinement of the world and also lead to the construction of niches to suit personality. Here, we explore the benefits for considering individual differences in perception and active perception in regards to personality theory, comparative psychology, mental health, research methodology, and intervention. We conclude by encouraging both ecological and personality research to consider the benefits of understanding personality traits as mechanisms for initiating or constraining active perception.
Injured recipients of low‐titer group O whole blood have similar clinical outcomes compared to recipients of conventional component therapy: A single‐center, retrospective study
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Freeman Andrew , Harrold Ian M. , Anto Vincent , Neal Matthew D. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Sperry Jason L. , Seheult Jansen N. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionLow‐titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) is being increasingly transfused to injured patients. This study evaluated a range of clinical outcomes to determine if receipt of LTOWB predisposed recipients to worse outcomes compared to recipients of conventional component therapy (CCT).MethodsA retrospective analysis of trauma patients who received at least 3 units of LTOWB (LTOWB group) versus those that received at least 3 units of RBCs, 1 unit of plasma and 1 unit of platelets but no LTOWB (CCT group) during the first 24 h of their admission was performed. Causal treatment effects were explored using propensity score matching (PSM) and coarsened exact matching (CEM). Important clinical outcomes were evaluated.ResultsThere were 165 CCT and 155 LTOWB recipients eligible for matching. PSM and CEM reduced covariate imbalances between the CCT and LTOWB groups, with the exception that males remained over‐represented in the LTOWB group due to the hospital's former resuscitation policy of not administering RhD‐positive LTOWB to females <50. In both of the matched analyses, the LTOWB group received a median of 4 LTOWB units. There were no significant differences in 6‐, 24‐h mortality or 30‐day mortality between groups, nor were there differences in the frequency of other clinical outcomes such as acute kidney injury, sepsis, venous/arterial thromboembolism; delta MODS was lower for the LTOWB recipients in the exact match group.ConclusionIn both matched analyses, administration of a median of four LTOWB units did not result in a different frequency of major clinical outcomes including mortality.
Analysis of HOX gene expression and the effects of HOXA9 overexpression in fibroblasts derived from keloid lesions and normal skin
Authors: Hahn Jennifer M. , McFarland Kevin L. , Combs Kelly A. , Anness Meridith C. , Supp Dorothy M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractKeloids are fibroproliferative lesions resulting from an abnormal wound healing process due to pathological mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Keloids tend to occur more frequently in anterior versus posterior body regions (e.g., ears, face, upper torso); this has been attributed to higher skin tension in those areas, although this has not yet been conclusively proven. Previous studies reported reduced expression of multiple homeobox (HOX) genes in keloid versus normal fibroblasts, suggesting a role for HOX genes in keloid pathology. However, HOX genes are differentially expressed along the anterior–posterior axis. Hypothetically, differential HOX expression may be due to differences in body sites, as matched donor sites are often unavailable for keloids and normal skin. To better understand the basis for differential HOX gene expression in cells from keloids compared with normal skin, we compared HOXA7, HOXA9, HOXC8 and HOXC11 expression in keloid and normal skin‐derived fibroblasts from various body sites. When keloid (N = 20) and normal (N = 12) fibroblast cell strains were evaluated, expression of HOXA7, HOXA9 and HOXC8 was significantly lower in keloid versus normal fibroblasts. However, HOX gene expression was lower in fibroblasts from more anterior versus posterior body sites. When keloid and normal cells from similar body sites were compared, differential HOX expression was not observed. To investigate the phenotypic relevance of HOX expression, HOXA9 was overexpressed in keloid and normal fibroblasts. HOXA9 overexpression did not affect proliferation but significantly reduced fibroblast migration and altered gene expression. The results suggest that differential HOX expression may be due to differences in positional identity between keloid and normal fibroblasts. However, HOX genes can potentially regulate fibroblast phenotype, suggesting that differential HOX gene expression may play a role in keloid development in anterior body sites.
Pancreas preservation with amphotericin B deteriorates islet yield for porcine islet isolation
Authors: Sawada Sayaka , Miyagi‐Shiohira Chika , Kuwae Kazuho , Tamaki Yoshihito , Nishime Kai , Sakai‐Yonaha Mayuko , Yonaha Tasuku , Saitoh Issei , Watanabe Masami , Noguchi Hirofumi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundAmphotericin B is a crucial agent in the management of serious systemic fungal infections. It is also known to be cytotoxic. In this study, we evaluated the effect of amphotericin B added to the preservation solution on islet yield during islet isolation.MethodsPorcine pancreata were preserved in the preservation solution with or without amphotericin B (0.25 μg/mL) for approximately 18 hours at 4°C, and then islet isolation was performed. An optimized number (1750 IE) of isolated islets from each group were transplanted into streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice. The culture of isolated islets and acinar tissue with amphotericin B was also evaluated.ResultsThe islet yield before and after purification in the amphotericin B (−) group was significantly higher than that in the amphotericin B (+) group. After islet transplantation into diabetic mice, blood glucose levels reached the normoglycemic range, with 50% and 0% of that of the diabetic mice in the amphotericin B (−) and amphotericin B (+) groups, respectively. In the culture study, amphotericin B was found to be cytotoxic to porcine islets and acinar tissue.ConclusionsAmphotericin B added to the preservation solution deteriorates islet yield during porcine islet isolation. Thus, the use of amphotericin B should be considered carefully for the preservation of the pancreas for islet isolation and islet culture before islet transplantation.
Flow Through a Pipe With a Porous Wall
Authors: Olson F. C. W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The problem of the flow through a long unbranched pipe with uniformly spaced orifices presents some undesirable mathematical difficulties. These can be avoided by solving the related problem of the flow through a pipe with a porous wall. The differential equations for the pressure drop and flow are derived and the relation between them is indicated. A solution for the flow is obtained in terms of elliptic functions in such form that numerical results can be obtained readily from existing tables.
The Use of the Centrifugal Pendulum Absorber for the Reduction of Linear Vibration
Authors: Reed F. E. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A machine, consisting of rotating tuned pendulums free to oscillate in planes containing the axis of rotation, is proposed as a dynamic absorber for linear vibrations. The influences of size, exactness of tuning, and damping are investigated and curves for evaluating the effectiveness of the machine are shown.
Primary Creep in the Design of Internal-Pressure Vessels
Authors: Coffin L. F. , Shepler P. R. , Cherniak G. S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper evaluates the stresses and the permanent strains at a particular time, resulting from loading a thick-walled cylinder under constant internal pressure and elevated temperature when account is taken of the primary creep characteristics of a given material. The results are compared with permanent strains obtained by considering secondary creep as the general basis for pressure-vessel design. For a thick-walled cylinder of wall ratio of R1/R0 = 2 and of 12 per cent chromium steel, operating under 12,000 psi at 850 F, the permanent strain at the end of 25 hr by the primary-creep analysis was found to be equal to the strain at the end of 2000 hr, considering only secondary creep. The methods formulated are shown to be suitable for design of pressure vessels intended for short life.
On Vibrations of a Two-Bar Elastic System With a Small Rise
Authors: Woinowsky-Krieger S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper treats the problem of the transverse vibration of a three-hinged system of elastic bars with a small ratio of rise to span. Owing to a nonlinear relation between the acting forces and the deflection, two strictly distinct types of vibration, with an intermediate limiting case of vanishing frequency, can be stated. The problem of elastic stability of the system in the case of a load applied suddenly is also discussed. The system treated is the simplest one in a class of systems, whose elastic stability under statical loads has been investigated in some detail, but whose dynamical properties are still known only very incompletely.
A Mechanical Analyzer for Computing Transient Stresses in Airplane Structures
Authors: Bisplinghoff R. L. , Pian T. H. H. , Levy L. I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A mechanical-analogy-type analyzer is described which is used for computing the transient stresses in an undamped elastic structure. The two main functions of the analyzer are (a) to evaluate the stresses due to the deformations of an elastic structure in its various normal modes, and (b) to superpose the effects of the modes with proper regard taken of their phase relations. Function (a) is accomplished by the use of torsional-pendulum simulators, and function (b) by the proper design of the electronic pickup and recording circuit. The analyzer is particularly useful in the determination of dynamic landing stresses in airplane structures.
Long-term dietary patterns are associated with pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory features of the gut microbiome
Authors: Bolte Laura A , Vich Vila Arnau , Imhann Floris , Collij Valerie , Gacesa Ranko , Peters Vera , Wijmenga Cisca , Kurilshikov Alexander , Campmans-Kuijpers Marjo J E , Fu Jingyuan , Dijkstra Gerard , Zhernakova Alexandra , Weersma Rinse K 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveThe microbiome directly affects the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in the gut. As microbes thrive on dietary substrates, the question arises whether we can nourish an anti-inflammatory gut ecosystem. We aim to unravel interactions between diet, gut microbiota and their functional ability to induce intestinal inflammation.DesignWe investigated the relation between 173 dietary factors and the microbiome of 1425 individuals spanning four cohorts: Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome and the general population. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was performed to profile gut microbial composition and function. Dietary intake was assessed through food frequency questionnaires. We performed unsupervised clustering to identify dietary patterns and microbial clusters. Associations between diet and microbial features were explored per cohort, followed by a meta-analysis and heterogeneity estimation.ResultsWe identified 38 associations between dietary patterns and microbial clusters. Moreover, 61 individual foods and nutrients were associated with 61 species and 249 metabolic pathways in the meta-analysis across healthy individuals and patients with IBS, Crohn’s disease and UC (false discovery rate<0.05). Processed foods and animal-derived foods were consistently associated with higher abundances of Firmicutes,Ruminococcusspecies of theBlautiagenus and endotoxin synthesis pathways. The opposite was found for plant foods and fish, which were positively associated with short-chain fatty acid-producing commensals and pathways of nutrient metabolism.ConclusionWe identified dietary patterns that consistently correlate with groups of bacteria with shared functional roles in both, health and disease. Moreover, specific foods and nutrients were associated with species known to infer mucosal protection and anti-inflammatory effects. We propose microbial mechanisms through which the diet affects inflammatory responses in the gut as a rationale for future intervention studies.