bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversifying the health workforce: a mixed methods analysis of an employment integration strategy
Authors: Baumann Andrea , Crea-Arsenio Mary , Ross Dana , Blythe Jennifer 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Historically, immigration has been a significant population driver in Canada. In October 2020, immigration targets were raised to an unprecedented level to support economic recovery in response to COVID-19. In addition to the economic impact on Canada, the pandemic has created extraordinary challenges for the health sector and heightened the demand for healthcare professionals. It is therefore imperative to accelerate commensurate employment of internationally educated nurses (IENs) to strengthen and sustain the health workforce and provide care for an increasingly diverse population. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a project to help job-ready IENs in Ontario, Canada, overcome the hurdle of employment by matching them with healthcare employers that had available nursing positions.

Methods
A mixed methods design was used. Interviews were held with IENs seeking employment in the health sector. Secondary analysis was conducted of a job bank database between September 1 and November 30, 2019 to identify healthcare employers with the highest number of postings. Data obtained from the 2016 Canadian Census were used to create demographic profiles mapping the number and proportion of immigrants living in the communities served by these employers. The project team met with senior executives responsible for hiring and managing nurses for these employers. The executives were given the appropriate community immigrant demographic profile, a manual of strategic practices for hiring and integrating IENs, and the résumés and bios of IENs whose skills and experience matched the jobs posted.

Results
In total, 112 IENs were assessed for eligibility and 95 met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-one healthcare employers were identified, and the project team met with 54 senior executives representing these employers. Ninety-five IENs were subsequently matched with an employer.

Conclusions
The project was successful in matching job-ready IENs with healthcare employers and increasing employer awareness of IENs' abilities and competencies, changing demographics, and the benefits of workforce diversity. The targeted activities implemented to support the project goal are applicable to sectors beyond healthcare. Future research should explore the long-term impact of accelerated employment integration of internationally educated professionals and approaches used by other countries.
The Herbst appliance and its modifications - prevalence and individuality
Authors: Karbach Mareike , Zöller Claudia , Zöller Georg , Wehrbein Heinrich , Erbe Christina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze the use of modified, cast splint Herbst appliances for the treatment of skeletal class II as an alternative to surgical bite correction over a period of five years.Materials and methodsThe patient cases all originate from the patients of the Department of Orthodontics at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany and the orthodontic practice Dres. Zöller, Kaiserslautern, Germany. Inclusion criteria were orthodontic treatment with the Herbst appliance and its modifications. The type of modification, number and frequency of the different modifications were determined on the basis of patient files, X-ray documents, photos and models.ResultsOf a total of 2881 new admissions over a period of five years, 1751 patients came from the Department of Orthodontics at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz and 1130 from the orthodontic practice in Kaiserslautern. A total of 336 patients were treated with a Herbst appliance during the period mentioned. 14 (13%) of the cases from the Herbst patient collective of the University Medical Center and 45 (19%) of the cases from the orthodontic practice were classified as modifications. The following modifications could be determined in descending order: University Medical Center Mainz: Herbst for anchorage during space closure (65%) > distalization (14%) ≥ bar construction as a space maintainer (14%) > Herbst applicance for anchoring for the adjustment of impacted teeth (7%); orthodontic practice Kaiserslautern: Herbst appliance with quadhelix in the maxilla (42%) > distalization (27%) > space closure (15%) > bar construction as a space maintainer (9%) > adjustment of impacted teeth (7%), multiple modifications occurred at 11%. The combination of quadhelix and Herbst appliance as well as multiple modifications have not yet been used in the University Medical Center Mainz. As an alternative to dysgnathia surgery, 23 adult patients (> 18 years) from the University Medical Center and 22 from the orthodontic practice were treated with a Herbst appliance.ConclusionNearly 12% of Herbst appliances are used in everyday orthodontic practice and almost 18% of these are used with modification(s). The high anchoring quality and force-effect geometry of the Herbst appliance is suitable for combining and treating various other treatment tasks in addition to the classical treatment task of class II therapy.
The effects of different repair methods for a posterior root tear of the lateral meniscus on the biomechanics of the knee: a finite element analysis
Authors: Wang Jian-Yu , Qi Yan-Song , Bao Hu-Ri-Cha , Xu Yong-Sheng , Wei Bao-Gang , Wang Yong-Xiang , Ma Bing-Xian , Zhou Hui-Wen , Lv Fei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo explore the impact of different repair methods for a lateral meniscus posterior root tear on the biomechanics of the knee joint using finite element analysis.MethodsFinite element models of a healthy knee were established on the basis of MRI data from a volunteer using Mimics software, and the validity of the models was tested. The changes in the contact mechanics and kinematics of these finite element models under different repair approaches were then analyzed and compared.ResultsThe normal meniscus had the maximum joint contact area, the minimum contact pressure, and the minimum contact stress. When total meniscectomy of the lateral meniscus was performed, the lateral compartment had the minimum joint contact area, the maximum contact pressure and the maximum contact stress. When complete avulsions of the posterior root of the lateral meniscus occurred, the maximum values of contact pressure and contact stress were between those of an intact meniscus and those of a meniscus treated with total meniscectomy. Lateral meniscal root attachment reconstruction by the single-stitch and double-stitch techniques resulted in a significant decrease in joint contact pressure and contact stress, leading to values comparable to those of a normal knee joint, and the double-stitch technique performed better than the single-stitch technique.ConclusionsRepair surgery for lateral meniscal posterior root avulsions can effectively restore the contact mechanics and kinematics of the knee joint, and the double-stitch technique can result in better clinical outcomes than the single-stitch technique.
Angiotensin II upregulates RANKL/NFATC1 expression in synovial cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis through the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways
Authors: Zhao Zhiping , Zhang Yongtao , Wang Changyao , Wang Xiangyu , Wang Yingzhen , Zhang Haining 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development. The present study investigated the impact of Ang II on the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), as well as of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATC1) in RA synovial cells, and explored the underlying mechanism.

Methods
The expression levels of RANKL, NFATC1, and Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) were analyzed by RT PCR, western-blot, and/or immunohistochemistry. Western blot was also used to analyze the p38MAPK, JNK, and ERK1/2 pathways.

Results
The expressions of RANKL and NFATC1 increased in synovial tissues of RA compared to osteoarthritis (OA) synovial tissues. The expression of RANKL was upregulated by Ang II, and this effect was mitigated by an AT1R blocker but not by an AT2R blocker. Furthermore, Ang II activated the ERK1/2, JNK, and p38MAPK pathways, and this effect was blocked by the AT1R blocker. However, ERK1/2 and JNK inhibitors, but not a p38MAPK inhibitor, blocked Ang II-induced RANKL expression. Ang II also increased the level of NFATC1, and this upregulation was attenuated by AT1R blockade, ERK1/2 and JNK inhibition, and siRNA-mediated RANKL silencing, but not by AT2R blockade or p38MAPK inhibition.

Conclusion
Our results indicated that Ang II activated the ERK1/2 and JNK pathways via AT1R, thus upregulating RANKL and NFATC1 expressions in RA synovial cells.
Tree diversity and carbon stocks in agroforestry systems in northern Ethiopia
Authors: Manaye Ashenafi , Tesfamariam Berihu , Tesfaye Musse , Worku Adefires , Gufi Yirga 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Agroforestry (AF) is an ancient tradition in Ethiopian dryland farming system. Several studies have examined system design, soil fertility management and system interactions, but the biodiversity and mitigation aspects of climate change have received less focus. We assessed the diversity of woody species, biomass carbon (C), and soil organic carbon (SOC) stock associated with indigenous dryland AF practices. A total of 197 smallholder farmers representing four AF practices (home garden, parkland, boundary plantation, and woodlot) from lowland, midland, and highland areas were systematically selected. The inventory of woody species was carried out on each farm's randomly formed plot.

Results
We identified a total of 59 woody species representing 48 genera and 32 families. Shannon diversity index (H') was highest in home garden and parkland AF, while woodlots had the highest mean total stock of biomass C (31 Mg C ha−1). C stocks for smallholding systems (total biomass C and SOC 0–60 cm) ranged from 77–135 Mg ha−1. Total biomass C stocks were significantly correlated with abundance (Spearman r = 0.333; p = 0.002) but biomass components were not significantly correlated with H'. SOC soil depth stock (0–60 cm) was positively and significantly associated with H' (Spearman r = 0.291 & 0.351; p < 0.01).

Conclusions
We report greater species richness in home garden and parkland AF systems than in woodlots. While parkland AF produce lower biomass and SOC stock relative to other AF systems. The strategic use of home gardens and boundary planting can improve tree diversity and carbon storage in Ethiopian dryland ecosystems.
Risk factors for transient and permanent congenital hypothyroidism: a population-based case-control study
Authors: Abbasi Fariba , Janani Leila , Talebi Malihe , Azizi Hosein , Hagiri Lotfali , Rimaz Shahnaz 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundCongenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most important cause of mental and physical retardation in newborns. The prevalence of CH has been reported high in East Azerbaijan province of Iran. However, the risk factors for CH are poorly understood. This study aimed to determine and compare risk factors for permanent and transient CH in East Azerbaijan, Iran.MethodsA case-control study was conducted in the Iranian national screening program for CH. This study included 680 neonates: 340 neonates with confirmed CH and 340 matched healthy controls born at the same period and from the same residential area as the cases. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between different risk factors and transient and permanent CH.ResultsOut of the 680 participants, 364 (53.53%) were male. Family history of CH (OR = 5.09, 95% CI: 1.66–15.63), neonatal jaundice (OR = 3.89, 95% CI: 2.36–6.43) and parental consanguineous relation (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.51–3.17) were associated with an increased risk of permanent CH. Likewise, the use of Betadine in pregnancy (OR = 4.87, 95% CI: 1.45–16.28), family history of CH (OR = 5.98, 95% CI: 2.04–17.48), neonatal jaundice (OR = 2.81, 95% CI: 1.75–4.52), parental consanguineous relation (OR = 3.86, 95% CI: 1.92–5.74), and gestational age at birth (OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 1.90–5.41) were identified as risk factors for transient CH.ConclusionFamily history, neonatal jaundice, gestational age at birth, and Betadine usage in pregnancy are associated with CH.
Intergenic RNA mainly derives from nascent transcripts of known genes
Authors: Agostini Federico , Zagalak Julian , Attig Jan , Ule Jernej , Luscombe Nicholas M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Eukaryotic genomes undergo pervasive transcription, leading to the production of many types of stable and unstable RNAs. Transcription is not restricted to regions with annotated gene features but includes almost any genomic context. Currently, the source and function of most RNAs originating from intergenic regions in the human genome remain unclear.

Results
We hypothesize that many intergenic RNAs can be ascribed to the presence of as-yet unannotated genes or the “fuzzy” transcription of known genes that extends beyond the annotated boundaries. To elucidate the contributions of these two sources, we assemble a dataset of more than 2.5 billion publicly available RNA-seq reads across 5 human cell lines and multiple cellular compartments to annotate transcriptional units in the human genome. About 80% of transcripts from unannotated intergenic regions can be attributed to the fuzzy transcription of existing genes; the remaining transcripts originate mainly from putative long non-coding RNA loci that are rarely spliced. We validate the transcriptional activity of these intergenic RNAs using independent measurements, including transcriptional start sites, chromatin signatures, and genomic occupancies of RNA polymerase II in various phosphorylation states. We also analyze the nuclear localization and sensitivities of intergenic transcripts to nucleases to illustrate that they tend to be rapidly degraded either on-chromatin by XRN2 or off-chromatin by the exosome.

Conclusions
We provide a curated atlas of intergenic RNAs that distinguishes between alternative processing of well-annotated genes from independent transcriptional units based on the combined analysis of chromatin signatures, nuclear RNA localization, and degradation pathways.
geneshot: gene-level metagenomics identifies genome islands associated with immunotherapy response
Authors: Minot Samuel S. , Barry Kevin C. , Kasman Caroline , Golob Jonathan L. , Willis Amy D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearchers must be able to generate experimentally testable hypotheses from sequencing-based observational microbiome experiments to discover the mechanisms underlying the influence of gut microbes on human health. We describe geneshot, a novel bioinformatics tool for identifying testable hypotheses based on gene-level metagenomic analysis of WGS microbiome data. By applying geneshot to two independent previously published cohorts, we identify microbial genomic islands consistently associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based cancer treatment in culturable type strains. The identified genomic islands are within operons involved in type II secretion, TonB-dependent transport, and bacteriophage growth.
SANCDB: an update on South African natural compounds and their readily available analogs
Authors: Diallo Bakary N’tji , Glenister Michael , Musyoka Thommas M. , Lobb Kevin , Tastan Bishop Özlem 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
South African Natural Compounds Database (SANCDB; https://sancdb.rubi.ru.ac.za/) is the sole and a fully referenced database of natural chemical compounds of South African biodiversity. It is freely available, and since its inception in 2015, the database has become an important resource to several studies. Its content has been: used as training data for machine learning models; incorporated to larger databases; and utilized in drug discovery studies for hit identifications.

Description
Here, we report the updated version of SANCDB. The new version includes 412 additional compounds that have been reported since 2015, giving a total of 1012 compounds in the database. Further, although natural products (NPs) are an important source of unique scaffolds, they have a major drawback due to their complex structure resulting in low synthetic feasibility in the laboratory. With this in mind, SANCDB is, now, updated to provide direct links to commercially available analogs from two major chemical databases namely Mcule and MolPort. To our knowledge, this feature is not available in other NP databases. Additionally, for easier access to information by users, the database and website interface were updated. The compounds are now downloadable in many different chemical formats.

Conclusions
The drug discovery process relies heavily on NPs due to their unique chemical organization. This has inspired the establishment of numerous NP chemical databases. With the emergence of newer chemoinformatic technologies, existing chemical databases require constant updates to facilitate information accessibility and integration by users. Besides increasing the NPs compound content, the updated SANCDB allows users to access the individual compounds (if available) or their analogs from commercial databases seamlessly.

Graphic abstract
In vitro and pilot in vivo imaging of 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) in inflammatory vascular disease
Authors: Schollhammer Romain , Lepreux Sébastien , Barthe Nicole , Vimont Delphine , Rullier Anne , Sibon Igor , Berard Xavier , Zhang Andrea , Kimura Yasuyuki , Fujita Masahiro , Innis Robert B. , Zanotti-Fregonara Paolo , Morgat Clément 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Inflammatory vascular disease of the arteries, such as inflamed atheromatous plaques or arteritis, may cause aneurysms or ischemic strokes. In this context, using positron emission tomography (PET) to image inflammation may help select patients who would benefit from appropriate therapeutic interventions. This study sought to assess the usefulness of the 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO) tracers [11C]-PBR28 and [18F]-PBR06 for imaging inflammatory vascular disease in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemistry for macrophage infiltration as well as autoradiography with [18F]-PBR06 were performed on eight paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed atherosclerosis plaques prospectively collected after carotid endarterectomy of eight patients affected by ischemic stroke. Six different patients, one of whom was also included in the in vitro study, underwent PET imaging. Two patients with carotid stenosis associated with ischemic stroke were imaged with [18F]-PBR06 PET/CT, and four other patients (three with large vessel vasculitis and one with bilateral carotid stenosis but without stroke) were imaged with [11C]-PBR28.

Results
All in vitro sections showed specific binding of [18F]-PBR06, which co-localized with immunohistochemistry markers for inflammation. However, in vivo TSPO imaging with either [11C]-PBR28 or [18F]-PBR06 was negative in all participants.

Conclusion
Despite good uptake on surgical samples in vitro, [11C]-PBR28 and [18F]-PBR06 are not viable clinical tools for imaging inflammatory vascular disease.
Trial registration: NCT02513589, registered 31 July 2015 and NCT00547976, registered 23 October 2007. https://clinicaltrials.gov.
Factors influencing the implementation of mental health recovery into services: a systematic mixed studies review
Authors: Piat Myra , Wainwright Megan , Sofouli Eleni , Vachon Brigitte , Deslauriers Tania , Préfontaine Cassandra , Frati Francesca 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Countries around the world have committed in policy to transforming their mental health services towards a recovery orientation. How has mental health recovery been implemented into services for adults, and what factors influence the implementation of recovery-oriented services?

Methods
This systematic mixed studies review followed a convergent qualitative synthesis design and used the best-fit framework synthesis method. Librarians ran searches in Ovid- MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, Ovid-PsycInfo, EBSCO-CINAHL Plus with Full Text, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion or exclusion using DistillerSR. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods peer-reviewed studies published since 1998 were included if they reported a new effort to transform adult mental health services towards a recovery orientation, and reported findings related to implementation experience, process, or factors. Data was extracted in NVivo12 to the 38 constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The synthesis included a within-case and a cross-case thematic analysis of data coded to each CFIR construct. Cases were types of recovery-oriented innovations.

Results
Seventy studies met our inclusion criteria. These were grouped into seven types of recovery-oriented innovations (cases) for within-case and cross-case synthesis. Themes illustrating common implementation factors across innovations are presented by CFIR domain: Intervention Characteristics (flexibility, relationship building, lived experience); Inner Setting (traditional biomedical vs. recovery-oriented approach, the importance of organizational and policy commitment to recovery-transformation, staff turnover, lack of resources to support personal recovery goals, information gaps about new roles and procedures, interpersonal relationships), Characteristics of Individuals (variability in knowledge about recovery, characteristics of recovery-oriented service providers); Process (the importance of planning, early and continuous engagement with stakeholders). Very little data from included studies was extracted to the outer setting domain, and therefore, we present only some initial observations and note that further research on outer setting implementation factors is needed.

Conclusion
The CFIR required some adaptation for use as an implementation framework in this review. The common implementation factors presented are an important starting point for stakeholders to consider when implementing recovery-oriented services.