bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Lexicon of Self-Driving Vehicles and the Fuliginous Obscurity of ‘Autonomous’ Vehicles
Authors: Marson James , Ferris Katy 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Self-driving cars, also referred to as connected and autonomous vehicles, are not only in vogue among technology and car enthusiasts (among others) but they have been broadly considered to form a new and disruptive means of transport. The benefits of self-driving cars are replete with stories of inclusivity, safety, environmental benefits, and social connectivity. However, the reality of the words ‘self-driving’ and ‘autonomous’ in the designation of this form of transport are not only inadequately defined, they appear to be actively misleading individuals as to the capabilities of the vehicle and the responsibility that they as driver or person behind the wheel have when in use. Tesla is at the forefront of this debate given that it not only sells an option for its vehicles of full self-driving capability, but it also uses terms such as autopilot which, we argue, lead to misunderstandings by the public and may have resulted, directly or indirectly, to fatal car crashes. We conclude this paper with a recommendation that legislative change is enacted through use of an existing international Standard which will provide the definition and guidance that is necessary for the benefit of all stakeholders.
Mutagenicity and genotoxicity of water boiled in aluminum pots of different duration of use using SOS chromotest and Ames fluctuation test
Authors: Alabi Okunola A , Adeoluwa Yetunde M 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBoiling water before drinking or using it for cooking is a general practice especially in areas where portable water is not readily available. However, boiling water in an aluminum pot could be a route of entry of heavy metals into humans. This study assessed the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of boiled water samples from aluminum pots of different duration of use using the SOS chromotest on Escherichia coli PQ37 and the Ames fluctuation test on Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, respectively. Three aluminum pots from the same manufacturer but of different years of use (6-year-old, 3-year-old, and new aluminum pots) were used for the experiment. Six selected heavy metals (Cadmium, Copper, Arsenic, Nickel, Lead, and Aluminum) were also analyzed in the samples using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS Buck, Scientific model 210 VGP). Cadmium, Copper, Arsenic, Nickel, Lead, and Aluminum were present in all the test water samples at concentrations that were higher than the maximum limit allowable by standard regulatory organizations. The concentrations of these metals in the samples also increased as the duration of use of the aluminum pots increased. The results further showed that the water boiled in the three aluminum pots is mutagenic and genotoxic in both Ames fluctuation and SOS chromotests. The 6-year-old aluminum pot induced the highest mutagenicity and genotoxicity followed by the 3-year-old aluminum pot. The metals in the tested samples were believed to be responsible for the observed mutagenicity and genotoxicity in the microbial assays. The findings of this study revealed that cooking with Aluminum pots could lead to the leaching of heavy metals into food, and pose mutagenic and genotoxic risks to consumers.
Knowledge and Practices for Central Line Infection Prevention Among Brazilian Nurses
Authors: Manzo Bruna Figueiredo , Dittz Duarte Elysângela , Joice de Abreu Felizardo Melissa , Lopes Vimieiro Viviane , Fidelis Vieira Sá Nathalia , Felix Campos Sá Rafaela , Parker Leslie A. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The risk of central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) increases when preventive guidelines are not adhered to. However, studies have generally been quantitative and aimed at determining the effectiveness of CLABSI prevention bundles. Few studies have used a mixed-methods approach to investigate nursing professionals' knowledge and practices regarding CLABSI prevention.

Purpose:
To determine nursing professionals' knowledge and practices regarding CLABSI prevention and identify facilitators and barriers to adherence to CLABSI prevention strategies in a Brazilian neonatal intensive care unit.

Methods:
A mixed-methods approach was used. Nursing professionals answered questionnaires regarding knowledge and practices surrounding CLABSI prevention. Semistructured interviews explored barriers nursing professionals face that hinder adherence to CLABSI preventive practices.

Findings:
Nursing professionals had moderate knowledge regarding CLABSI prevention practices. Daily assessment of the continued need for central venous lines (CVLs), hub disinfection before and after handling, and hand hygiene before handling CVLs were practices less adhered to. Interviews revealed barriers to adherence to preventive practices included lack of adequate equipment, resources for hand hygiene, and inadequate physical structure. Increased education and awareness of safe CVL practices and accountability of the entire healthcare team may improve adherence to CLABSI prevention practices. Results of this study reinforce the importance of considering current nursing practices when developing strategies to increase adherence to CLABSI prevention guidelines.

Implications for Practice:
Providing continuing education may increase adherence to CLABSI prevention strategies.

Implications for Research:
Research is needed to develop strategies aimed at increasing nursing adherence to CLABSI prevention strategies.
What Can We Learn From COVID-19 Protocols With Regard to Management of Nonoperative Pediatric Orthopaedic Injuries?
Authors: Hancock Graeme E. , Baxter Ian , Balachandar Vivek , Flowers Mark J. , Evans Owain G. 
Published: June 2021

Introduction:
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant changes to normal practice in pediatric outpatient orthopaedics, with the instigation of telephone fracture clinic appointments, and the use of self-removable casting. We aim to determine any beneficial or detrimental short-term effects of these changes.

Methods:
All patients referred to fracture clinic from the emergency department during the period March 24, 2020 to May 10, 2020 (national lockdown) were assessed for number of face to face and telephone appointments, number of radiographs performed, time to discharge, use of a removable cast, any cast complications, other complications, reattendance or re-referral after discharge. They were compared with patients referred in the same period in 2019. Follow-up was to 6 months for every patient.

Results:
In 2019, 240 patients were reviewed and 110 in 2020. Changes in practice resulted in significant differences in the number of face to face appointments per patient [2 (1 to 6) 2019 vs. 1 (0 to 5) 2020 (P<0.00001)] and increase in telephone appointments [0 (0 to 1) 2019 vs. 1 (0 to 2) 2020]. Number of radiographs per patient [1 (1 to 7) 2019 vs. 1 (1 to ) 2020 (P=0.0178)] and time to discharge [29 d (0 to 483) 2019 vs. 16 d (0 to 216) 2020 (P<0.00001)] also reduced significantly. Use of a self-removable casting technique increased significantly (2.4% of casts in 2019 vs. 91.8% in 2020 (P<0.00001). There were no significant differences in complications related to cast or otherwise, unplanned attendance or reattendance after discharge. Use of self-removable casts for supracondylar fractures and for simple injuries (including distal radius, forearm, Toddler’s, and ankle fractures) also demonstrated no change in complication rate. Significant potential cost savings of >£185 000 per annum could be demonstrated through clinic appointment and cast removal reductions.

Discussion:
Changes to the normal management of pediatric orthopaedic trauma brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic have been demonstrated to be safe in the short term with no increase in complications demonstrated. Potential cost savings are possible both to the health care provider and also to the patient because of reduced hospital attendance. It is feasible to continue these practices for the potential benefits as they appear safe in the short term.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—therapeutic study—retrospective comparative study.
Correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3 primer untranslated region of PTX3 and the risk of essential hypertension
Authors: Chen Wanwan , Liu Yanmei , Pan Hongyi , Jiang Jie , Xiang Huaqing , Peng Linlin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 3 primer of untranslated region (3’UTR) of the Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) gene and the risk of essential hypertension (EHT).

PTX3 genotypes, rs2614, rs111451363, and rs73158510 locus, were found in 260 patients with EHT and 260 healthy controls. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect plasma hsa-miR-4766-5p levels. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect plasma PTX3 levels. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the binding site of hsa-miR-4766-5p to the PTX3.

PTX3 rs2614 locus T allele was a high risk factor for EHT (odds ratio [OR] = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.86–4.09, P < .01). Sex and diabetes history affected the correlation between PTX3 gene rs2614 locus SNP and EHT risk. The CCG haplotype was a protective factor for EHT (OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.28–0.57, P < .01), whereas the TCG haplotype was a risk factor for EHT (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.51–3.66, P < .01). The plasma PTX3 level of patients with EHT was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .01). The area under the curve for EHT diagnosis in plasma PTX3 levels was 0.62 (95% CI: 0.57–0.66, P < .01). The plasma hsa-miR-4766-5p level in patients with EHT was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < .01). The area under the curve for the diagnosis of EHT according to the plasma hsa-miR-4766-5p level was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85–0.91, P < .01). Plasma PTX3 levels were significantly negatively correlated with hsa-miR-4766-5p levels in patients with EHT and the control group (r = −0.87, −0.85, P < .01, P < .01). The PTX3 gene rs2614 locus C allele was the target gene of hsa-miR-4766-5p.
The PTX3 rs2614 locus SNP is significantly associated with EHT risk.
Immediate breast reconstruction using latissimus dorsi muscular flap
Authors: Liu Qiuming , Li Weifeng , Wu Xiaobo , Xu Liang , Hu Pinghua , Cao Yali 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Reconstruction of breast defects of patients who underwent mastectomy can be challenging. This study was designed to review a series of 43 breast cancer patients who underwent immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) using the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap with/without implants. The demographic characteristics, clinical application feasibility, and the satisfaction rates of the patients were retrospectively collected and evaluated.
A total of 43 breast cancer patients who underwent mastectomy between August 2015 and February 2020 were included in the retrospective study. The included patients were subjected to IBR using latissimus dorsi muscular flap (LDMF) with/without implants. The clinical application feasibility and the satisfaction rates of the patients were evaluated.
Among these patients, 35 patients underwent nipple-sparing mastectomy and 8 patients underwent skin-sparing mastectomy. Twenty-nine patients underwent IBR using LDMF with implants, and 14 patients underwent IBR using LDMF without implants. Among these patients, 2 patients had partial LDMF necrosis and atrophy, and showed significant shrink of the reconstructed breast. One patient developed seromas, and seromas were improved by active dressing change and sucking out the fluid via the skin using a syringe. Two patients had local skin flap necrosis on the chest, 1 patient had preserved areola and local necrosis of the nipple, and this was healed after dressing change. Based on the Harris method, 27, 9, 5, and 2 cases were evaluated as “excellent,” “good,” “fair,” and “poor,” respectively.
In the present study, the reconstructed breast has natural shape, good symmetry, and hidden postoperative scars. The aesthetic effect is relatively good, and the use of LDMF may represent an acceptable and valid option for IBR. The success of this procedure depends on the design of the incision, the skill and proficiency of the operation, as well as the correct treatment after surgery.
Long noncoding RNA taurine-up regulated gene 1 for the prognosis of osteosarcoma
Authors: Ren Zheng , Li Chenyang , Gan Yuling , Liu Xiuxin , Liang Fudong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
In recent years, a variety of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been confirmed to be involved in the initiation and progression of osteosarcoma. Taurine-up regulated gene 1 (TUG1) plays an important role in the formation, invasion, and metastasis of osteosarcoma. Therefore, perhaps TUG1 is a potential biomarker for the prognosis of patients suffering from osteosarcoma. In this study, meta-analysis and bioinformatics were adopted to further explore the effects of TUG1 on the prognosis of patients with osteosarcoma and its potential molecular mechanism.

Methods:
Embase, PubMed, Sinomed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and Vip Journal Integration Platform were searched from inception to May 2021. The relationship between TUG1 expression and survival outcome was estimated by hazard ratio (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CIs). Meta-analysis was conducted on the Stata 16.0. The differential expression of TUG1 in osteosarcoma was analyzed by using UALCAN database, and the survival of TUG1 was analyzed as well. The target genes of TUG1 were predicted by RegRNA2.0 biology software, HMDD, targetscan and microTCDS, and TUG1-micoRNAs-mRNAs regulatory network was constructed. The predicted target genes obtained GeneOntology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) signal transduction pathway enrichment analysis using FunRich platform.

Results:
The results of this meta-analysis would be submitted to peer-reviewed journals for publication.

Conclusion:
This study will provide evidence-based medical evidence for the relationship between TUG1 and the prognosis of osteosarcoma. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis will provide ideas for the exploration on osteosarcoma mechanism.

Ethics and dissemination:
The private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also should not damage participants’ rights. Ethical approval is not available. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal or disseminated in relevant conferences.

OSF registration number:
DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/CW4BF.
A comparative study of the efficiency and safety of chemotherapy as a therapeutic method for recurrent or resistant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia
Authors: Jiang Tian-Yue , Ren Jia-Jie , Zhang Yang , Zhao Yan , Feng Xiao-Ling 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background:
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is an infrequent spectrum of placental malignant cases. Generally, single-agent or multiple-agent chemotherapy is used to treat the condition. The condition has a significant impact on women in the childbearing age, which makes post-chemo fertility and obstetrical results a significant contemplation. Nearly 25% of GTN tumors are recurrent, or have a likelihood of relapsing after, the first round of chemotherapy. Therefore, these resistive and recurring lesions require salvage chemotherapy with or without surgical treatment. Therefore, the current meta-analysis and systematic review will assess the effectiveness and level of safety when using chemotherapy to treat women with resistive or recurring GTN.

Methods:
The current study will perform a comprehensive systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that have assessed the efficacy and safeness of chemo as a line of treatment for women with resistive or recurring GTN. To this end, a search will be conducted on the following electronic databases: Web of Science, MEDLINE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), EMBASE, WanFang database, and the Cochrane Library. The search will cover the period from the inception of databases to May 2021. In order to identify additional related studies, we will manually search the reference lists of suitable research articles and related systematic reviews. A pair of independent authors will review the titles/abstracts of the studies to check if the studies are eligible, which is proceeded by screening the full texts. This study will employ a uniform data extraction table for data extraction. Moreover, based on the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, this protocol review also assesses the bias risk in the studies involved.

Results:
A comprehensive synthesis of existing indication on chemo treatment for women with resistive or recurring GTN.

Conclusion:
The results offer fresh references for evaluating the effectiveness and safeness of chemo-based treatment for women with resistive or recurring GTN.

Ethics and dissemination:
An ethical approval is not needed as all data are published.

Review registration number:
May 17, 2021.osf.io/uwky7. (https://osf.io/uwky7/).
The effect of the degree of dual-task interference on gait, dual-task cost, cognitive ability, balance, and fall efficacy in people with stroke
Authors: Baek Chang Yoon , Yoon Hyun Sik , Kim Hyeong Dong , Kang Kyoung Yee 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the degree of dual-task (DT) interference on gait, dual-task cost (DTC), cognitive ability, balance, and fall efficacy in people with stroke.
In this cross-sectional study, people with chronic stroke (N = 36) performed a DT gait assessment (gait and cognitive task). During the evaluation, DT interference in motor and cognition was evaluated simultaneously. Thus, the group with severe interference in both tasks (mutual interference) was compared with the group with mild interference in either.
The main effects for the degree of motor interference were observed on gait performance, DTC in motor, time up and go, and trail-making test B. In the cognitive interference, the main effects were observed on correct response rate, DTC in cognition, time up and go, and trail-making test B. An interaction effect was observed in the trail-making test B.
The degree of motor interference affected gait, balance ability, and executive function (EF), and the degree of cognitive interference influenced the correct response rate in the DT condition, balance ability, and EF. Furthermore, mutual interference led to a significant reduction in EF in people with stroke.
Association of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 with prevalent rheumatoid arthritis among atomic bomb survivors
Authors: Hida Ayumi , Imaizumi Misa , French Benjamin , Ohishi Waka , Haruta Daisuke , Eguchi Katsumi , Nakamura Hideki , Kawakami Atsushi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) might act as a pathogen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but epidemiological evidence of an association is scarce. We measured anti-HTLV-1 antibodies among Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors to determine whether HTLV-1 is related to RA and whether radiation exposure is associated with HTLV-1 and RA prevalence.
This is a cross-sectional study among atomic bomb survivors who participated in biennial health examinations from 2006 to 2010. Serum levels of anti-HTLV-1 antibodies were measured using a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay and confirmed by Western blotting. Association between HTLV-1 and RA was analyzed by a logistic regression model.
Of 2091 participants (women 61.5%; median age, 73 years), 215 (10.3%) had anti-HTLV-1 antibodies. HTLV-1 prevalence was higher among women (13.1% vs 5.8%; P < .001). Twenty-two participants (1.1%) were diagnosed with RA. HTLV-1 prevalence among RA participants was significantly higher than that among non-RA participants (27.3% vs 10.1%; P = .020). After adjustment for age, sex, and hepatitis C virus infection, HTLV-1 was significantly associated with prevalent RA (odds ratio, 2.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.06, 7.03). There was no association between radiation dose and either the prevalence of HTLV-1 or RA.
This study, among a well-defined group of atomic bomb survivors, suggests that HTLV-1 is associated with RA.
Development of a preoperative prediction model for new-onset diabetes mellitus after partial pancreatectomy
Authors: Yamamoto-Kataoka Sachiko , Shimizu Sayaka , Yamazaki Hajime , Murakami Katsuhiro , Nishizaki Daisuke , Fukuhara Shunichi , Inagaki Nobuya , Yamamoto Yosuke 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Pancreatectomy is an invasive surgery that is sometimes associated with complications. New-onset diabetes mellitus sometimes develops after partial pancreatectomy and severely affects the patient's quality of life. This study aimed to develop a preoperative prediction model of new-onset diabetes mellitus after partial pancreatectomy, which will help patients and surgeons to achieve more easily better common decisions on regarding whether to perform partial pancreatectomy. This retrospective cohort study analyzed medical records of patients who underwent partial pancreatectomy (total pancreatectomy excluded) from April 1, 2008, to February 28, 2016, which were available in the database provided by Medical Data Vision Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). The predictors were preoperative age, body mass index, hemoglobin A1c level, blood glucose level, and indication for partial pancreatectomy. The outcome was the development of new-onset diabetes mellitus at 1 to 12 months after partial pancreatectomy. We used a logistic regression model and calculated the scores of each predictor. To determine test performance, we assessed discrimination ability using the receiver operating characteristic curve and calibration with a calibration plot and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test. We also performed internal validation using the bootstrap method. Of 681 patients, 125 (18.4%) had new-onset diabetes mellitus after partial pancreatectomy. The developed prediction model had a possible range of 0 to 46 points. The median score was 13, and the interquartile range was 9 to 22. The C-statistics of the receiver operating characteristic curve on the score to predict the outcome was .70 (95% confidence interval [CI], .65–.75). Regarding the test performance, the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was not significant (P = .17), and calibration was good. In the bootstrapped cohorts, the C-statistics was .69 (95% CI, .62–.76). We developed a preoperative prediction model for new-onset diabetes mellitus after partial pancreatectomy. This would provide important information for surgeons and patients when deciding whether to perform partial pancreatectomy.