bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El concurso como estrategia de aprendizaje: coordinación, colaboración y difusión
Authors: Fernández Villalobos Nieves , Rodríguez Fernández Carlos , Geijo Barrientos José Manuel 
Published: September 2021

Desde el 2017 al 2020, dos asignaturas del Grado en Ingeniería en Diseño Industrial y Desarrollo de Producto de la Universidad de Valladolid, impartidas por arquitectos pertenecientes a dos departamentos diferentes de las escuelas de Arquitectura e Ingeniería, se han coordinado para participar en concursos de diseño como estrategia de innovación y aprendizaje multidisciplinar, empleando como base el aprendizaje colaborativo y otras acciones complementarias. Habiendo comprobado que la difusión de sus proyectos motiva a los alumnos considerablemente, en el último curso se ha querido impulsar este aspecto a través de una exposición con catálogo. Si bien la situación provocada por el COVID-19 ha llevado a introducir algunas variaciones en el planteamiento inicial, el horizonte de participar en el concurso y en una nueva exposición, ha mantenido el interés de alumnos y profesores, y los resultados han sido realmente fructíferos a nivel didáctico.
From 2017 to 2020, two subjects of the Degree in Engineering in Industrial Design and Product Development of the University of Valladolid, taught by architects belonging to different departments of the Schools of Architecture and Engineering, have been coordinated to participate in design competitions as a strategy for innovation and multidisciplinary learning, using collaborative learning as a basis and other complementary actions. Having verified that the dissemination of their projects motivates students considerably, in the last year this issue has been promoted through an exhibition with a catalog. Although the situation caused by COVID-19 has led to the introduction of some variations in the initial approach, the horizon of participating in the contest and in a new exhibition has maintained the interest of students and teachers, and the the results have been really fruitful on a didactic level.
WhatsApp: Situaciones y Programa
Authors: Silva Raso Ernesto , Braghini Anna , Montero Parraguez Paulina 
Published: September 2021

El taller Disecciones es parte de una investigación sobre pedagogía experimental que tiene como campo de estudio la generación de proyectos de arquitectura basados en el estudio de situaciones cotidianas y banales, las que evolucionan en propuestas de diseño que exploran los límites de éstas en la generación de programas y sistemas de relaciones no clasificables como tipologías preestablecidas. Los tipos de proyecto dependen de la situación catastrada por cada estudiante, no por una tipología y programa establecidos. No se determina una escala, tampoco un área de intervención y menos un tipo de proyecto. El taller comienza con la organización de la información que se desprende del registro de una realidad existente, en sus primeras versiones desde un catastro directo de la realidad, y luego desde un registro de observaciones filtradas por aplicaciones de mensajería —como WhatsApp—, permitiendo ampliar el marco de acción de las situaciones a investigar.
The Dissections second-year core studio is part of an ongoing research on experimental pedagogies framed by the production of architecture projects based on the study of everyday and ordinary situations. These develop into design proposals by exploring their own limits, thus generating new programs and systems of relations that are not classifiable into any pre-established typologies. Each project depends entirely on the student’s specific recording of situations, as opposed to the traditional approach of a given problem. There is no predefined scale, nor is an area of intervention, and much less a “type” of project. Therefore, the students have to seek the questions rather than the answers, beginning from the organization of the collected data. Firstly, as a direct survey of the situation, and then as a record of observations filtered by messaging apps —such as WhatsApp—, that allow for the expansion of the situation’s action framework.
Empatía a través del juego: la teoría de piezas sueltas en el proceso de diseño
Authors: Cabrero Olmos Raquel 
Published: September 2021

"Los juguetes no son realmente tan inocentes como parecen. Juguetes y juegos son el preludio de ideas serias". (Charles Eames). En el campo de la arquitectura y del diseño, la empatía es la fase del proceso proyectual en la cual conectamos con el usuario de un producto o espacio arquitectónico para detectar sus necesidades y expectativas proporcionando una solución válida, integral e integrada. Hay diferentes técnicas que, a través de la etnografía, la psicología y la sociología, apoyan y dirigen este proceso de empatía. En este artículo exploramos un caso concreto de aplicación del juego con piezas sueltas, que sirve como vehículo conductor para la extracción de necesidades en la interacción empática con usuarios reales. Esta técnica se sitúa dentro de lo que se conoce como sesión generativa, que accede a un conocimiento latente, no explícito ni observable, y explora a nivel profundo lo que la gente conoce, siente y sueña.
"Toys are not really as innocent as they look. Toys and games are the preludes to serious ideas" (Charles Eames). In architecture and design, empathy is the phase of Design Thinking in which the user of a product or architectural space is taken into account to understand their needs and expectations, providing a valid, comprehensive and integrated solution. There are different techniques and tools that support and guide this process of empathy through ethnography, psychology and sociology. In this article we explore a case study in which real users are guided through playing with loose parts as a vehicle to know their needs and desires. This technique is used within a generative session context. It allows to acquire latent knowledge, neither explicit nor observable, and explores what people know, feel and dream at a deeper level.
Proyectos Arquitectónicos de programa abierto en lugares invisibles
Authors: Alonso García Eusebio , Blanco Martín Javier 
Published: September 2021

No hay aprendizaje sin preguntas. Éstas aparecen con más fluidez en situación de desconcierto. Vivimos tiempos frenéticos. La necesidad de dar respuestas rápidas nos acaba condenando a lugares comunes y formalismos rutinarios. Necesitamos estimular en el estudiante una actitud de permeabilidad reflexiva para que genere preguntas. Planteamos el curso de Proyectos de 3º de 2018-19 unos enunciados con “programas abiertos” y en “lugares invisibles” con metodologías activas. Respecto al primero, cada estudiante tiene que concretar, ampliar y escalar personalmente el programa dado y, respecto al segundo, cada estudiante irá descubriendo la historia y significación de un barrio singular en la ciudad, en paralelo al desarrollo del proyecto, y que, sin embargo, era hasta entonces inexistente para ellos. El primer descubrimiento se inició con la visita al barrio y se concluyó con diversas acciones que, aún después de acabar el curso, continúan abiertas.There's no learning without questions. These appear more fluently in a situation of bewilderment. We live in frantic times. The need to give quick answers ends up condemning us to common places and routine formalisms. We need to stimulate the student with an attitude of thoughtful permeability to generate questions. We propose the Projects course of 3rd level of 2018-19 statements with "open programs" and in "invisible places" with active methodologies. Regarding the first, each student has to personally concrete, expand and scale the given program and, with respect to the second, each student will discover the history and significance of a unique neighborhood in the city, in parallel to the development of the project, and that, however, was until then non-existent for them. The first discovery began with the visit to the place and was concluded with various actions that, even after the end of the course, remain open.
The use of Geoelectrical Methods for Delineation of Lead-Zinc Mineralization: A Case Study of Eziama Village, Abia State, South- East, Nigeria
Authors: Airen O. J. , Babaiwa D. A. 
Published: September 2021

2D Electrical Resistivity (ER) and Instantaneous Potential (IP) geophysical techniques were used at Eziama village in Abia state of Nigeria to investigate possible Pb-Zn mineralization. The dipole-dipole electrode configuration was employed for data acquisition and Earth Imager software was used for inversion of the acquired data. The analysis of the result of the study showed the presence of the Pb-Zn ore along traverses 1, 2 and 3 while traverses 4 and 5 appear barren. Along traverse 1, the mineralized zone falls within the fractured basement and is characterized by low resistivity (about 316 – 5623 ohm-m) and high chargeability (33.2 – 128 ns) at lateral distance of 73 – 103 m. On traverse two, the ore body was identified at lateral distance of about -18 to 53 m as delineated on the IP structure with resistivity and chargeability of the anomalous zone ranging from 4.6 – 677 ohm-m and 41.8 – 142 ns respectively at depth of about 21.4 m while on traverse three, two ore bodies labeled a, a’ and b, b’ on the ER and IP cross-sections were delineated at lateral distance of about -130 to -93 m and 78 to 98 m respectively with depth to the top of the suspected ore bodies ranging from about 7.1 m for body ‘a’ and about 14.3 m for ‘a’. Traverses four and five however showed no prospect for Pb-Zn mineralization.
The result of this investigation has once again demonstrated the usefulness of combined electrical resistivity and induced polarization techniques in solid mineral exploration.
Anti-Diabetic Effect of Methanolic Extract of Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth Leaf on Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Rats
Authors: Bot David Yakubu , Agbo Odachi Helen , Ajiji Abigail John , Ahmed Abraham Adoniyi , Ekwenpu Adaobi Ifeoma , Chundusu Daniel , Bot Yakubu Sunday , Igwe Obiageri Nancy , Ojo Ezekiel Oyekunle , Gambo Pam Pwajok , Kadiri Ezra , Agbo Judith Aladi 
Published: September 2021

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a debilitating metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin or inability of insulin receptors to respond positively to circulating insulin. Prevalence of the disease is on the global increase annually with tendency to rise from 380 to over 592 million by 2035 in developing countries. Toxicity of some Orthodox drugs in use has led to searches for alternative sources for treatment and management of the disease.
Aim: This work was aimed at investigating the effect of methanolic extract of Albizia lebbeck leaf on Alloxan monohydrate induced diabetic albino rats.
Materials and Methods: Qualitative Phytochemical analysis of the plant extract was carried out in Biochemistry Division of National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria. Forty female Wistar albino rats were used for the study, divided into five groups (A-E) in two replicates. Group A- negative control (non-induced, not treated) and group B- positive control (induced with Alloxan - 120mg/kg body weight (b.w), administered intra-peritoneally but not treated). Groups C- and D- induced and treated with 100 and 200mg/kg b.w extract respectively. Group E- non-induced but treated with 100mg/kg b.w of extract. Diabetes was established on day 3 after induction. Blood samples were collected through retro-orbital plexus into Fluoride oxalate bottles on days 0, 3, 5 and 9. Glucose was estimated by Glucose Oxidase method.
Results/Conclusion: Phytochemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of saponins, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenes. Glucose analysis results showed dose dependence and statistically significant reduction (p<0.05) in blood glucose from 3rd, 5th and 9th days post induction following treatment with Albizia lebbeck in group C- 14.5±3.5, 10.4±4.6 and 8.4±3.7; in group D- 14.0±4.7, 10.2±3.3 and 6.5±2.5; and in group E- 5.0±0.6, 3.7±0.5 and 3.5±0.5 respectively. We conclude that methanolic leaf extract of the plant Albezia lebbeck (L.) Benth, possesses anti-diabetic properties effective on both normal and Alloxan-induced diabetic rats.
Severe Acute Respiratory Infection: A Case Report
Authors: Vanlalsawmi Julie , Wanjari Mayur , Alwadkar Sagar , Mendhe Deeplata 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) is a disease of the respiratory system. It is a symptomatic disease with different types of causative agent, and whose definite treatment and cure depends on the type of pathogens, nature of onset, severity of symptoms and the host factors [1]. SARI is one of the major leading cause of disease among children and person with suppressed immunity. The National Health Profile 2019 recorded 41,996,260 cases and 3,740 deaths from Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) across India in 2018. In 2017, acute respiratory infections accounted for 69% of the total cases of communicable diseases and caused 23% of such death. There were as many as 40,810,524 and 3,164 deaths from such infections. Males and females are affected equally [2].
Case Presentation: A female patient of 72 years from Bodhadi, Kinwat, Nanded was admitted to Medicine Intensive Care Unit (MICU), Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital on 26th March 2021 with a chief complaint of breathlessness on exertion for 4 days high grade fever for 15 days prior to the date of admission. My patient is a known case of Hypertension and Typhoid and had undergone Left Nephrectomy.
Comparative Analysis of Eosin-based Fluorescence Microscopy of Non-neoplastic Breast Tissue and Fibroadenoma
Authors: Shafqat Hafsa , Wasim Bushra , Siddiqui Rehan Ahmed , Shah Syed Nudrat Nawaid , Baig Faraz , Rasheed Nabila , Baloch Gulraiz Karim Rind 
Published: September 2021

Background: Fibroadenoma (FA) is one of the most frequently diagnosed benign neoplasm in women. Various researches have reported increased risk of breast cancer in females with FA. It stems from the proliferation of epithelial and stromal contents of the terminal duct lobular units (TDLU`S) of breast tissue, that are the primary sites for the histopathologic assessment which is the gold standard for the diagnosis of disease. However, this method is subjective and possess interobserver variability. Therefore, new quantitative methods are required to aid in diagnosis. Hence we evaluated fluorescence light intensity and its use in histopatholgic evaluation.
Aim: The goal of this research was to compare and quantify red and green fluorescence light intensities of ductal cells and stroma of non-neoplastic breast tissue with fibroadenomatous tissue.
Method: A cross-sectional study was done in the Cell biology and histology lab of Ziauddin University. 44 slides of normal breast tissue and 44 slides of diagnosed fibroadenomatous tissue were taken from Dr Ziauddin Hospital, North Campus. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the slides were done following standard protocols. On microscopic examination, the changes in light intensities of ductal cells and stroma of normal breast tissue and fibroadenoma were quantified using dual channel fluorescence microscopy using Nikon NIS imaging software.
Results: The results demonstrated statistically significant increase (p-value <0.05) in mean red (37.22±5.9) and green (22.47±6.6) light intensity of stroma in FA when compared with red (32.71± 6.7) and green (17.01±4.3) light intensity of normal breast tissue. Whereas, R/G ratio for normal tissue was higher (1.95±0.11) than R/G for FA (1.74±0.37) with a p value of <0.05. Similarly, for ductal cells; statistically significant (p value <0.05) increase in mean red (38.86±5.4) and green (15.54±2.51) light intensity for FA was found when compared with red (29.62±1.89) and green (12.60±1.67) intensity of normal tissue. R/G ratio for FA (2.5±0.24) was compared to be higher than normal tissue (2.36±0.3) with a p value of <0.05.
Conclusion: The study suggests that fluorescence microscopy combined with quantitative assessment fluorescence light intensities may may be a helpful tool for histomorphic evaluation of the breast tissue.
Development through Industrialization: A Literature Review of Policies and Issues in Sri Lankan Industrial Sector
Authors: Wijenayake K. V. A. H. P. 
Published: September 2021

According to many real-world examples and theories, the process of industrialization has been recognized as an engine of growth. Many economies which followed the industrialization-led transition have benefitted from rapid and accelerated economic growths with the support of export promotion, high trade openness, economic liberalization, and improved business climate. The ideology has been firstly followed by the countries in the European region and showed impressive results in economic growth and development. Thus, many Asian countries have been encouraged to follow up the industrial transformation after the 1990s. As a result, Asian countries like Japan, Singapore, Korea, China, and India have shown impressive performances in economic growth and development afterward. However, in the Sri Lankan context, the industry sector has appeared in the economy nearly for a century and several important eras in industrial sector development were followed. However, it is doubtable that whether Sri Lanka has gained actual benefits through that industrial transformation or utilization of policies.
Therefore, this article mainly focuses on providing a clear outline of past industrial policies used in the Sri Lankan economy, clearly positioning the current performance of the industrial sector in Sri Lanka, and identifying the major issues in the current industry sector with the help of valid literature and secondary data. Accordingly, many previous studies have suggested that political and policy instability, lack of infrastructure, lack of credit and financial facilities, lack of labor and stagnated productivity, etc. are the key issues in the current industry sector. Several possible recommendations to overcome these issues have been through literature to curb the negative impact of those adverse components on the industry sector development like ensuring corruption-free political and social background, stabilizing macroeconomic variables, addressing skill gaps of the workforce, transparently managing tax system, etc.
ortho‐Allylation of 2‐Arylindazoles with Vinyl Cyclic Carbonate and Diallyl Carbonate via Manganese‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Activation
Authors: Kumar Ghosh Asim , Kanta Das Krishna , Hajra Alakananda 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA manganese‐catalyzed directed C−H allylation of 2‐arylindazole has been developed. Both vinyl cyclic carbonate and diallyl carbonate are effectively used for ortho‐allylation via decarboxylation. The mechanism was investigated and possibly Mn(I)‐catalyzed C−H bond activation is not involved in the rate‐determining step.magnified image
Overview of Regioselective and Stereoselective Catalytic Hydroboration of Alkynes
Authors: Rej Supriya , Das Amrita , Panda Tarun K. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHydroboration of alkynes is of special interest to researchers since it is the most straightforward process for the synthesis of highly important vinylborane synthetic intermediate compounds. It is significant in terms of both regioselectivity and stereoselectivity, since several positional isomers are formed during the process of hydroboration. Given the importance of this class of compounds, an extensive study has been carried out regarding catalytic condition development and detailed mechanistic studies for selectively obtaining a single isomer. This review comprehensively summarizes both the regioselective and stereoselective catalytic hydroboration of alkynes. It is aimed at giving readers accurate knowledge of the catalytic systems available for the hydroboration of certain alkynes. We anticipate that this inclusive review will encourage researchers to explore more new types of catalytic systems to achieve the remarkable process of hydroboration of alkynes.magnified image
Organic‐Inorganic Perovskite Films and Efficient Planar Heterojunction Solar Cells by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Gao Bo , Hu Jing , Tang Sheng , Xiao Xinyu , Chen Hunglin , Zuo Zhuang , Qi Qi , Peng Zongyang , Wen Jianchun , Zou Dechun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOrganic–inorganic halide perovskites have been widely used in photovoltaic technologies. Despite tremendous progress in their efficiency and stability, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are still facing the challenges of upscaling and stability for practical applications. As a mature film preparation technology, magnetron sputtering has been widely used to prepare metals, metallic oxides, and some semiconductor films, which has great application potential in the fabrication of PSCs. Here, a unique technology where high‐quality perovskite films are prepared via magnetron sputtering for controllable composition, solvent‐free, large‐area, and massive production, is presented. This strategy transforms the perovskite materials from powder to thin films by magnetron sputtering and post‐treatment (vapor‐assisted treatment with methanaminium iodide gas and methylamine gas treatment), which is greatly favorable to manufacture tandem solar cells. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs with perovskite films fabricated by magnetron sputtering is 6.14%. After optimization, high‐performance perovskite films with excellent electronic properties are obtained and stable PSCs with excellent reproducibility are realized, showing a PCE of up to 15.22%. The entirely novel synthetic approach opens up a new and promising way to achieve high‐throughput magnetron sputtering for large‐area production in commercial applications of planar heterojunction and tandem PSCs.
A Perspective on the Sustainability of Cathode Materials used in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Murdock Beth E. , Toghill Kathryn E. , Tapia‐Ruiz Nuria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractElectric vehicles powered by lithium‐ion batteries are viewed as a vital green technology required to meet CO2 emission targets as part of a global effort to tackle climate change. Positive electrode (cathode) materials within such batteries are rich in critical metals—particularly lithium, cobalt, and nickel. The large‐scale mining of such metals, to meet increasing battery demands, poses concerns surrounding material exhaustion in addition to further environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. In particular, unethical mining practices and political instability within the Democratic Republic of the Congo (the world's largest cobalt producer) have prompted research into cobalt‐low and cobalt‐free alternatives. This review aims to provide a holistic view of lithium‐ion cathode development and inform advancements by highlighting the interdependencies across mining, material development, and end‐of‐life management. While material sustainability is reported through supply and demand projections, the potential socioenvironmental impacts of lithium‐ion battery technology represent a hugely underresearched area among the aforementioned themes. Notably, the lack of attention paid toward future implications of increased nickel use across material management and development disciplines is also discussed.