bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Postoperative CRP Levels in Patients With Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Slavin Moran , Goldstein Avygial , Raguan Barak , Rudnicki Yaron , Avital Shmuel , White Ian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: In colorectal cancer, CRP levels on postoperative days 3-4 have a strong negative predictive value for an anastomotic leak, with threshold values of ~15 on POD 3 and ~13 on POD 4. In Crohn’s disease, CRP levels are perceived as unreliable in the postoperative period because of the underlying inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of postoperative CRP levels in patients with Crohn’s Disease and set threshold values for this population. Methods: This is a retrospective study of the medical records of adult patients with Crohn’s Disease who underwent bowel anastomoses, at a single, high volume center. The operations were performed by a single colorectal consultant who is an inflammatory bowel disease specialist, between 1/2012 and 12/2017. Results: 92 operations were performed. Mean CRP levels and CRP threshold values were higher in the study’s population compared with studies on colorectal cancer patients. A CRP level of 19.56 mg\dL on postoperative day 3 had an area under the curve of 0.865 (sensitivity 88%, specificity 73%) and a NPV of 98% for an anastomotic leak. Patients with an anastomotic leak showed a trend towards decreased postoperative albumin levels (p=0.06). Conclusions: Postoperative CRP values are higher in Crohn’s Disease compared with colorectal cancer. Postoperative CRP levels may rule out anastomotic leaks in patients with Crohn’s Disease with threshold values of 20.3 mg/dL in POD 3, 19.5 mg/dL in POD 4 and 16.7 mg\dL in POD 5.
In-Vivo Comparative Virulence of Different White Spot Syndrome Virus Isolates In Penaeus Vannamei And Whole Genome Comparison Analysis
Authors: Hernández-Montiel Álvaro Hernán , Weidmann Manfred , Bekaert Michael , Ulrich Kristina , Benkaroun Jessica , Giffard-Mena Ivone 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) infects several economically important aquacultural species, causing significant losses to the industry. This virus belongs to the Nimaviridae family, and has a dsDNA genome ranging from 257 to 309 kb (more than 20 isolate genomes fully sequenced and published to date). Multiple routes of infection could be the cause of the high virulence and mortality rates detected in shrimp species. In particular, Penaeus vannamei, differences in isolate virulence have been observed, along with controversy over whether deletions or insertions are associated with gain or loss of virulence.The pathogenicity of three isolates from three locations in Mexico (two from Sinaloa: 'CIAD', and 'Angostura', and one from Sonora: 'Sonora') was evaluated in vivo in white shrimp (P. vannamei) infection assays. Differences were observed in the mortality rate of shrimp among the three isolates, with the Sonora isolate being the most virulent. Subsequently, the complete WSSV genomes were sequenced in depth from the tissues of infected shrimp, and assembled in reference to the genome of isolate CN01 (KT995472), identifying genome sizes for Angostura and Sonora of 289,350 bp and 288,995 bp, respectively. Where three deletion zones were identified compared to CN01 comprising 15 genes, including three envelope proteins VP41A, VP52A and VP41B, one non-structural protein ICP35 and 11 others encoding proteins whose function is currently unknown. In addition, five genes (wsv129, wsv178, wsv204, wsv249 and wsv497) show a modified number of repeat motifs. The main implications and possible effects on viral infection of these modifications are discussed.
The Apoptosis-inducing Antiproliferative Activity and Quantitative Phytochemical Profiling of Polyphenol-rich Part of Leea Aequata L. Leaves
Authors: Mostofa Md. Golam , Reza A. S.M. Ali , Khan Zidan , Tsukahara Toshifumi , Alam AHM Khurshid , Sadik Md Golam 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aim/Objectives: Oxidative stress (OS) caused by the accumulation of free radicals in the body triggers many life-threatening diseases, including cancer. Plants are the rich source of safe and effective medicinal compounds like antioxidants that can prevent OS by scavenging free radicals. The aim of this study was to explore the chemical compositions of the methanolic extract of Leea aequata L. leaves possessed the highest antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.Methods and Materials: The Leea aequata leaves (LAL) was extracted with 80% methanol and the crude methanolic extract of LAL (CME) was successively fractionated with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and finally with water to get petroleum ether (PEF), chloroform (CHF), ethyl acetate (EAF) and aqueous (AQF) fraction, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by the in vitro standard spectrophotometric methods. The MTT colorimetric method was used to measure cytotoxic activity. Apoptosis was measured using fluorescein annexin V-FITC/PI staining method. GC-MS was used to investigate phytochemical compositions.Results: Among the fractions, the highest phenolic and flavonoid-rich fraction was EAF, which contained 267.05± 8.53 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and 152.98±1.96 mg of catechin equivalent (CAE)/gm of dried extract, respectively. The EAF was found to be the highest antioxidant and reducing power activities. Also, EAF had the strongest free radical scavenging activity with IC50 values of 5.11, 36.54 and 38.96 µg/mL for DPPH, hydroxyl and lipid peroxide free radicals, respectively. Moreover, EAF significantly reduced the HeLa cell proliferation and it was due to the induction of apoptosis of HeLa cells. Furthermore, GC-MS data revealed that EAF contained 17 compounds. Methyl esters of long chain fatty acid were the major chemical constituents. Interestingly, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester; 9-octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester; 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester (Z, Z) and phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) are known to be antioxidant and cytotoxic. Antioxidant and anti-cancer activity were significantly correlated with the total content of phenolics and flavonoids, suggest that the fractions could be the good source of antioxidant and anti-cancer agents.Conclusion: The EAF of Leea aequata has strong polyphenolic content compared to the other fractions. The cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of Leea aequata were due to the presence of different bioactive compounds.
Long Non-coding RNA SNHG25 Promotes the Malignancy of Endometrial Cancer by Sponging microRNA-497-5p and Thereby Increasing FASN Expression
Authors: He Yuhua , Xu Shuifang , Qi Yi , Tian Jinfang , Xu Fengying 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSmall nucleolar RNA host gene 25 (SNHG25), a long-noncoding RNA, has been well studied in epithelial ovarian cancer. Yet, the specific functions of SNHG25 in endometrial cancer (EC) have not been researched. In this study, we proposed to expose the clinic significance of SNHG25 in EC, and then unravel the regulatory activity of SNHG25 on the tumor-associated phenotype of EC. More interestingly, the possible molecular events occurred when SNHG25 executives its function in EC were explored thoroughly. MethodsWe measured genes expression applying quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The detailed functions of SNHG25 in EC were examined employing loss-of-function experiments. What’s more, we unveiled the regulatory mechanisms among SNHG25, microRNA-497-5p and fatty acid synthase (FASN) with the application of luciferase reporter assay and RNA Immunoprecipitation. ResultsWe verified a high level of SNHG25 in EC through TCGA dataset and our own cohort. Patients with a high SNHG25 level featured shorter overall survival in contrast to patients with a low SNHG25 level. SNHG25 deficient caused tumor-repressing actions in EC cells by decreasing cell proliferation, migration and invasion and promoting cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we certified the function of SNHG25 depletion in impairing tumor growth in vivo. With respect to the mechanisms, SNHG25 sequestered miR-497-5p as a competing endogenous RNA in EC and consequently positively regulated FASN expression. Striking, the decrease of miR-497-5p or increase of FASN could neutralize the modulatory actions of SNHG25 knockdown in EC cells. Conclusions﻿Depleted SNHG25 hampered the oncogenicity of EC by targeting miR-497-5p/FASN axis. The newly certified SNHG25/miR-497-5p/FASN pathway may potentially have usefulness as a promising target for molecular targeted management.
Fractional-order LCL filters: principle, frequency characteristics, and their analysis
Authors: Xu Junhua , Li Xiaocong , Luo Xueli , Hou Liliang , Qin Jianbo , Meng Xuanren 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a fractional-order LCL (FOLCL) filter is constructed by introducing fractional-order inductors (FOIs) and fractional-order capacitors (FOCs) to replace the inductors and capacitors in a traditional integer-order LCL (IOLCL) filter, respectively. The principle and frequency characteristics of an FOLCL filter are systematically studied, and five important properties are derived and demonstrated in-depth. One of the most important achievements is that we discover the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of resonance for an FOLCL filter, that is, the sum of the order of the FOIs and the FOC is equal to 2, which provides a theoretical basis for avoiding the resonance of an FOLCL filter effectively in design. The correctness of the theoretical derivation and analysis are verified by digital simulation. Compared with an IOLCL filter, an FOLCL filter presents more flexible and diverse operating characteristics and has a broader application prospect.
Ethnobotanical Survey of Flora Used in Maasai Food System and Traditional Medicine against Gout-related and Other Human Ailments in Monduli, Arusha, Tanzania
Authors: Clement Richard Paul , Raymond Jofrey , Chacha Musa N 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Flora used by Maasai practitioners (MSPs) in traditional medicine (TM) and food system (FS) were investigated in Monduli District, Arusha, Tanzania. The objective of this study was to document the knowledge on flora used by MSPs in their FS and TM against gout-related and other ailments.Methods: Ethnobotanical knowledge held by 21 MSPs was investigated following standard approaches. Guided field walk, free listing, rigorous individual-interviews and local market surveys were employed to obtain information. Use value (UV) index, relative frequency of citation (RFC), specific RFC (RFCs), fidelity level (FL) and informant consensus factors (ICF) matrices were involved to determine the knowledge on flora used in Maasai FS and TM against gout-related and other ailments.Results: A total of 101 plant species in 83 genera and 47 families, used in Maasai FS and TM were recorded. Food, food processing or storage, and medicinal plant (MPs) flora accounted 29, 32 and 80 species respectively. MPs treated more than 38 ailments. A high proportion of plants recovered, was trees 45.19%; while 88.79% were retrieved from the wild habitat. Roots were mostly used part (30.73%); preparations were made from fresh or dry material and 44-species involved decoction in meat broth or stock. The frequently route of delivery was oral, 85.19%. About 37.5% of the MPs were used to treat joints’ pain or inflammation (ICF = 0.52) whereas, mostly used was Rapanea melanophloeos (FL = 1.00; RFCs = 0.29) followed by Withania somnifera (FL = 0.5; RFCs = 0.24). Withania somnifera frequently used against other gout-related ailments. Vangueria infausta and Olea europaea subsp. Africana uses in FS ranked the highest.Conclusion: The study area is very rich in flora biodiversity, and the flora is an integral part of the indigenous foods’ and health care systems. The flora is exposed to various destructive anthropogenic activities; thus, integrated conservation measures are required. The rich ethnobotanical knowledge held by MSPs, requires an in-depth study and documentation. Investigations of flora used in the FS, and TM, with high FL, and RFCs could contribute to future nutraceuticals and drug discovery against gout and other ailments.
MiR-154-5p Inhibits Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis by Inactivating PI3K/AKT Signaling
Authors: Ren Dong , Yuan Xiangwei , Cao Jiazheng , Wang Bin , Li Ruixiao , Zhang Rui , Liu Baoyi , Wu Meimei , Ren Liangliang , Meng Zijie , Wu Wanting , Chai Xingxing , Li Lili , Li Ronggang , Huang Xiufang , Wu Jinhua , Zheng Yan , Zeng Jincheng , Zhang Xin , Huang Junjiu , Xue Zhonglin , Li Yuming 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Generally, both strands of a single pre-miRNA have been demonstrated to play a similar role in the same tumor type. However, there are no available literatures yet so far clarifying the opposite roles of both strands froma single miRNAin one tumor type. The purpose of this study is to investigate the functional role of both strands of miR-154 in bone metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: miR-154-5p expression was examinedin 285 clinicalPCa tissuesby in situ hybridization. The clinical correlation ofmiR-154-5p expression with clinicopathological features,and overall and bone metastasis-free survival inPCa patients was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier survival and statisticalanalysis. The biological roles of miR-154-3p and miR-154-5p in the bone metastasis of PCa were investigated both in vitroand in vivo.Bioinformatics analysis, western blot and luciferase reporter analysis were used to determinethe potential targets of miR-154-5p.Luciferase assay and Western blotting were performed to clarify the underlying pathway implicated in the role of miR-154-5p in bone metastasis of PCa.Results: Contrary to the well established pro-bone metastatic role of miR-154-3p in PCa, we found that miR-154-5p expression was reduced in PCa tissues with bone metastasis andbone metastatic PCa cell lines. Downexpression of miR-154-5p was positively associated with bone metastasis status, and predicted poorer bone metastasis-free survival in PCa patients. Gain of function experiments showed that upregulating miR-154-5p repressed, while silencing miR-154-5p promoted invasion, migration and proliferation capacities of PCa cells in vitro. Conversely, miR-154-3p yielded an opposite effect oninvasion and migration capacities of PCa cells. Importantly, administration of agomir-154-5p effectivelyinhibited bone metastasis of PCa cellsin vivo. Mechanistic dissection further demonstrated miR-154-5p inhibited invasion, migration and proliferation by targeting EGFR and FGFR1, leading to inactivation of PI3K/AKT signaling. However, the autocrine levels of corresponding ligands in the supernantant of PCa cells were not affected by the changed expression of miR-154-5p.Conclusion: Our results for the first time reveal the different role of both strands froma single miRNA in bone metastasis of PCa, which will facilitate the development of anti-bone metastatic therapeutic strategy in PCa.
Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) Expression May Predict Survival Outcomes of Patients With Advanced Squamous Cell Cervical Carcinoma
Authors: Fachini Ana Maria Dias , Sarian Luís Otávio , Talarico Maria Cecília Ramiro , Nunes Rafaella Almeida Lima , Costa Larissa Bastos Eloy , Zuliani Antonio Carlos , Termini Lara , Rabelo-Santos Silvia Helena , Zeferino Luiz Carlos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Because of its role in preserving DNA/RNA stability, there is an increasing number of studies addressing the relationship between Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) expression and cancer. However, the disparity in FUS/FUS oncogenic vs. tumor-suppressive roles may be attributed to the complex molecular pathways associated with FUS regulation in different cancer types, and its role in cervical carcinogenesis remains largely unexplored. Methods: We determined FUS protein expression in specimens of 61 patients with advanced cervical cancer. Long-term (> 10 years) clinical follow-up data for these patients were available, and we determined disease-free, cancer-related and overall survival as related to FUS expression. Results: There were no significant associations between FUS expression and patients’ age, tumor grade, and acute/late toxicity events related to treatment (either radiation alone or chemoradiation). However, multivariate Cox regression analysis for disease-free survival (recurrence), overall survival (death) and cancer-related survival showed that patients with high average FUS expression fared significantly better than their counterparts with low average FUS expression, both in terms of disease-free survival (HR = 0.31; 95%CI 0.12 to 0.77; p = 0.01) and cancer-related survival (HR = 0.41; 95%CI 0.17 to 0.98; p = 0.04). Conclusions: Our study shows that high FUS protein expression in advanced cervical cancer specimens is a potent harbinger of better prognosis, and can as such be used in clinical practice to help characterize patients and, possibly, plan treatment and follow-up strategies.
Tumor Microenvironment-responsive Nanodrug for Clear-cell Renal Cell Carcinoma Therapy via Triggering Waterfall-like Cascade Ferroptosis
Authors: Ni Wenjun , Li Yongxiang , Liang Lingxia , Lu Cuixia , Zhan Meixiao , Lu Ligong , Xie Qun , Wen Liewei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe most common type of kidney tumor, clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) with relatively insidious development and easily metastatic characteristics is generally insensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Advanced ccRCC lacks effective treatment and has a poor prognosis. Fortunately, ccRCC with the hallmark of abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) content is regarded as intrinsically vulnerable to ferroptosis-based therapeutic strategies. Nonetheless, the classic ferroptosis agonist (RSL3) with low specificity for tumors, short half-life in the blood, poor water solubility and deficient accumulation at the tumor site prevents its reliable application in vivo. ResultsIn this study, iron-based metal-organic framework nanoparticles (MIL-101(Fe) NPs) delivered RSL3 to ccRCC tumors, and then released the iron ions and RSL3 accompanied by the degradation of MIL-101(Fe) NPs in the acidic tumor microenvironment. The MIL-101(Fe)@RSL3 as a pH-responsive nanodrug causes cellular iron overload and promotes the hydroxyl radical (•OH) generation by Fenton reaction to attack PUFAs, leading to the aberrant accumulation of lipid peroxides (L-OOH). Additionally, RSL3 directly inhibits glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) to detoxify L-OOH, and ferrous ions further catalyze the irreversible conversion of highly reactive lipid alkoxyl radicals (L-O•) from L-OOH to triggering waterfall-like cascade ferroptosis. In contrast to the limited antitumor efficiency of free RSL3, MIL-101(Fe)@RSL3 with high encapsulation efficiency (88.7%) shows a significant ccRCC-specific antitumor effect and negligible side effects.ConclusionMIL-101(Fe)@RSL3 could aggravate ferroptosis and be expected to be a promising nanodrug for ccRCC systemic therapy due to the targeted delivery and responsive release of RSL3 and iron ions.
Down-Regulated MAC30 Suppresses Lung Cancer Invasion and EMT by Inhibiting Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: zhou jingzhu , ji xiuhai , chen ruhua , fen yan , ding Hui 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds：Over-expressed meningioma-associated protein (MAC30) was proved to be a biomarker for worse prognosis in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the regulated mechanism of MAC30 in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lung cancer invasion is unknown. Methods：Transformed growth factor (TGF-β) was used to induce EMT in A549 cells in vitro. MAC30 siRNA was transfected into cells to silence the gene expression. Real-Time PCR was prepared to assess the levels of MAC30 mRNA. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and Transwell invasion assays were performed to study the proliferation and invasion of A549 cells. Expression of MAC30, EMT-related proteins, Wnt/β-catenin signal and its downstream factors were explored by ELISA. Results: We found enhanced MAC30 expression in A549 cells. MAC30 Knockdown inhibited TGF-β-induced lung cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, elevated levels of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, vimentin) and decreased levels of epithelial markers E-cadherin in A549 cells with TGF-β incubation were reversed by MAC30 siRNA. Finally, MAC30 knockdown significantly suppressed TGF-β-upregulated protein levels of Wnt/ β-catenin signaling and its downstream genes (surviving, c-myc and cyclin D1). Conclusions: We firstly confirm that MAC30 knockdown limits lung cancer growth and EMT through inhibiting the activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Promiscuity Mapping of the S100 Protein Family Using a High-Throughput Local Surface Mimetic Holdup Assay
Authors: Simon Márton A. , Bartus Éva , Mag Beáta , Boros Eszter , Roszjár Lea , Gógl Gergő , Travé Gilles , Martinek Tamás A. , Nyitray László 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
S100 proteins are small, typically homodimeric, vertebrate-specific EF-hand proteins that establish Ca2+-dependent protein-protein interactions in the intra- and extracellular environment and are overexpressed in various pathologies. There are about 20 distinct human S100 proteins with numerous potential partner proteins. Here, we used a quantitative holdup assay to measure affinity profiles of most members of the S100 protein family against a library of chemically synthetized foldamers. The profiles allowed us to quantitatively map the binding promiscuity of each member towards the foldamer library. Since the library was designed to systematically contain most binary natural amino acid side chain combinations, the data also provide insight into the promiscuity of each S100 protein towards all potential naturally occurring S100 partners in the human proteome. Such information will be precious for future drug design to interfere with S100 related pathologies.
Entropic Associative Memory for Manuscript Symbols
Authors: Morales Rafael , Hernández Nóe , Cruz Ricardo , Cruz Victor D. , Pineda Luis A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Manuscript symbols can be stored, recognized and retrieved from an entropic digital memory that is associative and distributed but yet declarative; memory retrieval is a constructive operation; symbols not contained in the memory are rejected directly without search; and memory operations can be performed through parallel computations. Manuscript symbols, both letters and numerals, are stored in Associative Memory Registers that have an associated entropy. The memory recognition operation obeys an entropy trade-off between precision and recall, and the entropy level impacts on the quality of the objects recovered through the memory retrieval operation. We discuss the operational characteristics of the system for retrieving objects with both complete and incomplete information, such as severe occlusions. The experiments reported in this paper add evidence that supports the scalability of the framework and its potential for developing practical applications. We also compare the present entropic associative memories to Hopfield’s paradigm and discuss its potential for the study of natural memory.