bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current and Future Cornea Chip Models for Advancing Ophthalmic Research and Therapeutics
Authors: Kim Minju , Choi Kanghoon , Lin Amy , Kim Jungkyu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCorneal blindness remains a significant global health challenge, with limited treatment options due to donor tissue scarcity outside of the United States and inadequate in vitro models. This review analyzes the current state of cornea chip technology, addressing fundamental challenges and exploring future directions. Recent advancements in biomaterials and fabrication techniques are discussed that aim to recapitulate the complex structure and function of the human cornea, including the multilayered epithelium, organized stroma, and functional endothelium. The review highlights the potential of the cornea chips to revolutionize ocular research by offering more predictive and physiologically relevant models for drug screening, disease modeling, and personalized medicine. Current designs, their applications in studying drug permeability, barrier function, and wound healing, and their limitations in replicating native corneal architecture, are examined. Key challenges include integrating corneal curvature, basement membrane formation, and innervation. Applications are explored in modeling diseases like keratitis, dry eye disease, keratoconus, and Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy. Future directions include incorporating corneal curvature using hydraulically controlled systems, using patient‐derived cells, and developing comprehensive disease models to accelerate therapy development and reduce reliance on animal testing.
Quantum‐Dot‐Electrolyte Light‐Emitting Diodes for Displays
Authors: Ren Yunfei , Liang Xiaoci , Lu Xiuyuan , Liu Baiquan , Zhang Li , Zhang Lingjiao , Huang Yi , Zheng Huajian , Jin Yizheng , Liu Chuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractElectroluminescence (EL) is essential for modern technologies, such as displays, lighting, and optical communications. To date, some kinds of artificial EL devices have been developed, including organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), quantum‐dot (QD) LEDs, and light‐emitting electrochemical cells. However, issues (e.g., inefficient charge injection, exciton quenching) limit the further EL performance. Here, another promising kind of EL device is reported, which is called QD‐electrolyte LED (QE‐LED). The key feature of QE‐LED is that an ionic liquid is doped into QDs as the electrolyte emitter of multi‐layer device architectures. Both theoretical and experimental analyses reveal that an enhanced interface electric field from the in situ formed electrical double layer is leveraged to improve the charge injection and transport. With the introduction of insulating polymers into QD‐electrolyte emitters, red QE‐LED achieves an external quantum efficiency of 20.5% and a lifetime (T95) over 3.74 × 105 h at the display‐related luminance of 100 cd m−2, indicating that the QE‐LED is among the best EL devices. Furthermore, an active‐matrix QE‐LED display is demonstrated with superior stability that overtakes the commercial benchmark. These results offer an avenue to discover unexplored EL devices and provide potential pathways to enhance charge dynamics for EL devices.
A Biocompatible Infrared Rewritable Technique Based on Flexible Conjugated Polymer PEDOT:DSS
Authors: Wei Ganghui , Li Qiong , Lan Ni , Fu Yujun , Liu Qiming , Zhao Yonggang , He Deyan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWith the rapid advancement of information technology, information security has become a major challenge in contemporary society. Optical cryptography has gained attention as a key research area in cryptography due to its unique multi‐dimensional storage and large‐capacity features. In this study, a novel infrared rewritable PEDOT:DSS film (IRR‐PDF) is introduced, that demonstrates excellent biocompatibility and flexibility. Furthermore, it can efficiently regulate thermal emission through a simple redox treatment and can be written and erased reversibly. Additionally, the operational principles of IRR‐PDF in modulating infrared thermal imaging are explored. This investigation reveals that the core mechanisms behind the phenomenon involve the modulation of polar transport properties of PEDOT molecules by redox agents and the regulation of infrared emission through changes in crystal conformation during the redox process. The discovery opens up new possibilities for practical applications in infrared direct writing and cryptographic encryption. The biocompatibility of PEDOT:DSS, which distinguishes it from other conductive polymers such as poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), allows IRR‐PDF to be widely used in smart wearables field. It also establishes a crucial technological link with the multi‐dimensional storage and high‐capacity features of optical cryptography, which provides novel insights and material foundations for future applications and advancements in information security.
Photochromic Molecules Enable Optical Control of Optomechanical Coupling in a Cavity
Authors: Cagetti Marta , Cardelli Michele , Arimondo Ennio , Lavista Lorenzo , D'Elia Francesca , Camposeo Andrea , Pisignano Dario , Ciampini Donatella 
Published: February 2025

AbstractExpanding the control of optomechanical coupling into the optical domain, namely beyond electronic and electromechanical gates, offers unequalled advantages in terms of spatial precision and remote operation. Here, a photochromic‐based system is introduced with optically tunable optomechanical coupling. The system features a multilayered membrane as one of its mirrors, as well as a polymer layer doped with a photochromic molecule and a near‐infrared absorbing dye. The interaction between mechanical modes and the electromagnetic field is harnessed to lower the effective temperature of mechanical vibrations. Laser cooling of a membrane vibrational mode is evidenced to about 115 K, and it is found that the cooling efficiency, mechanical damping, and photothermal response time can be effectively tuned by isomerization of the photochromic component. Such effect leads up to about 60% increase in cooling efficiency, related to photoinduced changes in volume and thermal properties during isomer conversion. These findings introduce new possibilities for the development of optomechanical systems with tunable properties entirely driven by light for applications in advanced sensing, nanomechanics, and optical logics.
Dual‐Emission Self‐Protective Phosphorescent Carbon Dots with Ultra‐Long Lifetime and Time‐Dependent Afterglow Colors for Tri‐Mode Encryption
Authors: Wu Yueyue , Li Zifan , Zhou Zhe , Zhang Zicheng , Zhu Duoyi , Dong Xuemei , Xiu Fei , Huang Wei , Liu Juqing 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDeveloping matrix‐free phosphorescent carbon dots (CDs) with tunable color emission and exceptionally long lifetimes is highly desirable for sophisticated information encryption. However, the majority of reported matrix‐free CDs demonstrate only single‐color emission and short lifetimes, restricting their practical applications. Herein, dual‐emission self‐protective room temperature phosphorescent CDs (DE‐CDs) with ultra‐long lifetimes and time‐dependent afterglow colors are prepared. These DE‐CDs are synthesized through a microwave heating process involving 1‐butylamine and phosphoric acid aqueous solution. By adjusting excitation wavelength, they display green and yellow phosphorescence with ultra‐long lifetimes of up to 1.25 and 1.74 s, respectively, representing the longest lifetime among matrix‐free green and yellow CDs to date. The dual emission is attributed to the coexistence of a high‐energy state within the carbon core and a low‐energy state associated with C─N/C═N bonds on DE‐CDs surface. The ultra‐long lifetimes originate from the self‐protective internal hydrogen bonds formed between P and N heteroatom‐containing functional groups on the dot surface, which stabilize the emissive species. Intriguingly, under 365 nm irradiation, the afterglow color transitions from yellow to green due to differing triplet‐state decay rates. Leveraging these time‐dependent afterglow colors, a triple‐code mode is achieved for advanced dynamic encryption.
Double Perovskite Scintillators Enabled by Co‐Doped Trap Regulation for Thermally Enhanced X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Huang Renyan , Zhang Xiong , Xu Xieming , Zheng Yi , Huang Xin , Chen Min , Wang Shuaihua , Wu Shaofan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractScintillation materials play a significant role in the exploration of extreme space environments and high‐energy physics. Nevertheless, due to the prevalence of thermal quenching, most traditional scintillators are not capable of stable X‐ray imaging at high‐temperature working mode. In this work, Ce3+ and Tb3+ ions are successfully co‐doped into Cs2NaGdCl6 double perovskites (DPs) via a solvothermal method, exhibiting unusual thermally enhanced scintillation performance. Specifically, the radioluminescence intensity of Cs2NaGdCl6:Tb3+/Ce3+ increases with temperature to achieve a large intensity ratio of 3.67 from 80 to 500 K. Interestingly, the introduction of co‐doped ions brings the dramatic increase of thermoluminescence intensity, demonstrating that an increased number of deep trap results in the suppression of the thermal quenching. At the same time, the extra occurrence of deep traps can be traced to localized octahedral distortions around the dopant ions. Moreover, a flexible DP‐based scintillation film is fabricated by a direct coating method, showing thermally enhanced X‐ray imaging. Ultra‐stable X‐ray imaging performance over 5 h is realized under a high temperature of 380 K by the scintillation film. The results provide a trap regulation strategy for exploring novel high‐performance and stable scintillators at high temperatures.
Plasma‐Engineered AlGaN/GaN Optoelectronic Synapses for Low‐Power Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Zhang Yuliang , Huang Yunwei , Huang Chenyang , Yang Yizhong , Li Zhenmin , Wang Yan , Luo Linbao , Wu Chunyan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe development of hardware‐level synaptic systems is crucial for enabling the advancement of modern humanoid robotics and artificial intelligence systems to emulate biological vision. While optoelectronic synapses offer a promising solution, current implementations often require complex multi‐material integration and floating gate configurations, hindering scalability and energy efficiency. Here, a two‐terminal optoelectronic synaptic device based on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures that integrates sensing and memory functionalities into a single device is introduced. By optimizing the device architecture through oxygen plasma treatment, UV sensitivity is significantly enhanced and carrier recombination is reduced, enabling the device to perceive weak UV light (0.15 µW cm⁻2) with ultralow energy consumption (25.3 fJ per synaptic event). This device exhibits rich synaptic behaviors, including paired‐pulse facilitation, short‐term plasticity, and long‐term plasticity, essential for emulating biological learning and memory processes. Furthermore, its potential for diverse information processing tasks such as photonic information encryption, associative learning, and forgetting is demonstrated. This work paves the way for the development of highly integrated, energy‐efficient neuromorphic systems capable of mimicking the complexity and efficiency of the human brain.
Strong Second‐Harmonic Generation Responses in Salt‐Inclusion Oxychalcogenides Enabled by the Highly Distorted Polyhedra with Mixed‐Anions
Authors: Jing Meng‐Na , Lu Si‐Fan , Li Ming‐Xin , Jiang Xiao‐Ming , Liu Bin‐Wen , Guo Guo‐Cong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNonlinear optical (NLO) crystals demonstrate notable NLO effects, which are predominantly attributed to their anionic groups. However, the role of cations has long been overlooked. For the first time, S2−, Cl−, and O2− are successfully incorporated into two new salt‐inclusion oxychalcogenides, namely, [La4Cl3S][GaGeS6O] (1) and [La4Cl2S2][Ge2S6O] (2), which are characterized by highly distorted and polarizable polycations and anionic groups. Notably, they exhibit substantial second‐harmonic generation (SHG) intensities of 2.7 and 3.8 × AgGaS2 @1700 nm, respectively. To the best of knowledge, the latter represents the highest value recorded for all oxychalcogenides constructed from tetrahedral structural units. Crystal structure analysis and theoretical calculations reveal that the distorted tetrahedral units in the host lattice and the polyhedral units in the guest lattice considerably contributed to the SHG coefficients. Furthermore, compounds 1 and 2 display favorable laser‐induced damage thresholds (4.4 and 7.2 × AgGaS2 @1064 nm) along with expanded transparency windows. This finding underscores the potential of host–guest architectures with multiple anions for markedly enhancing SHG coefficients, which paves the way for the development of new NLO materials.
Efficient UV Emission with Anti‐Thermal Quenching from Ce3+‐Activated 0D All‐Inorganic Zinc Halides
Authors: Zhu Dongyang , Chen Xu , Wang Meng , Li Gaoqiang , Pan Gencai , Jia Mochen , Han Yanbing , Liu Ying , Yang Dongwen , Xu Wen , Li Xinjian , Shan Chongxin , Shi Zhifeng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractInorganic metal halide perovskites have emerged as a prominent research focus in the field of visible‐region optoelectronic devices. However, exploring the ultraviolet (UV)‐emitting inorganic metal halide perovskites with both high efficiency and excellent thermal stability is still a large challenge. Herein, a robust anti‐thermal quenching UV‐emitting material, Ce3+ doped 0D Cs2ZnBr4 is reported, exhibiting doublet emission peaks at 342 and 367 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 97.0%. Specifically, the Ce3+ doping imparts abnormal anti‐thermal quenching from 303 to 373 K with thermally enhanced 1.8 fold luminescence. Thermoluminescence spectra and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the behavior originated from the effective compensation of the thermally activated defect levels to the Ce3+ 5d‐band. Furthermore, A bright UV light‐emitting diode based on Cs2ZnBr4:Ce3+ is fabricated, achieving an external quantum efficiency of up to 0.81% and displaying exceptional stability with a long half‐lifetime of 528 h. Thus, this work not only provides a design strategy for abnormal anti‐thermal quenching UV‐emitting phosphors with high efficiency but also paves a new way for cost‐effective, high‐power UV light‐emitting diodes.
CuF2‐Catalyzed C‐N Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Silanes: Expanding the Scope of Chan‐Lam Type Reaction
Authors: Talukdar Vishal , Paul Siddhartha , Mondal Krishanu , Das Parthasarathi 
Published: February 2025

An efficient copper‐catalyzed Chan–Lam type N‐arylation of various amides, sulfonamides, urea, azoles, and amines has been demonstrated using a CuF2/DMSO catalytic system with structurally diverse aryl(trimethoxy)silanes under base and ligand‐free conditions. This approach facilitates effective C‐N cross‐coupling with user‐friendly organosilicon reagents without requiring an external fluoride source. CuF2 serves a dual function as both a catalyst and a desilylating agent, facilitating the cleavage of the aryl‐silane	bond. The process is compatible with a broad range of substrates, ensuring high efficiency and excellent functional group compatibility. Moreover, this protocol is proven to be valuable for late‐stage modification of amide and sulfonamide‐containing drug molecules, as well as for synthesizing agrochemicals.
Exploring the Influence of Etching media on the Electrochemical Behavior of Cr2CTx MXene
Authors: Ramachandra Madhushree , Sunajadevi Kalathiparambil Rajendra Pai , Pinheiro Dephan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMXenes, a class of 2D materials, have garnered significant attention for energy applications due to their unique properties. This study investigates the influence of different etching media on the synthesis of 2D Cr2CTx MXene derived from cost‐effective Cr2AlC MAX phase. Three etching solutions‐ hydrofluoric acid (HF), HF‐forming (lithium fluoride + Hydrochloric acid, LiF+HCl), and non‐fluoride (sodium hydroxide, NaOH) have been used to treat ternary carbide Cr2AlC MAX phase under varied reaction conditions. The MXenes, Cr2CTx‐HF, Cr2CTx‐LiF/HCl, and Cr2CTx‐NaOH are structurally, and morphologically characterized using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, XPS, SEM‐EDX, and BET‐BJH analysis. The electrochemical performance of Cr2CTx MXene is assessed, focusing on its performance in water splitting and supercapacitive applications. The materials exhibit lower overpotential values for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and demonstrate improved pseudocapacitive behavior, with enhanced energy and power densities. The introduction of surface termination groups in Cr2CTx MXene (Tx = ─F, ─OH, ─O) resulted in a more open and accessible layered structure with an appreciable surface area, without any modifications. This enhanced electrochemical kinetics, improved ion transport, diffusion, and storage capacity, which are beneficial for electrochemical energy storage and production.
Cell Sizes Matter for Industrial Bioproduction, a Case of Polyhydroxybutyrate
Authors: Chen Yi‐Ling , Liu Xu , Zhang Li‐Zhan , Yang Ji‐Shuai , Guo Wei‐Ke , Zheng Shuang , Wang Jia‐Le , Wu Fu‐Qing , Yan Xu , Wu Qiong , Chen Guo‐Qiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMost bacterial cells are 1–2 microns in size, limiting intracellular products like polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) accumulation. Cell size is regulated by key genes such as mreB and minCD, which encode cellular skeleton protein and control cell fission ring location, respectively. Their expression changes significantly affect microbial growth. This study successfully redesigns the ClpXP protein degradation system by deleting the sspB gene and using mutated SsrA tags with different degradation rates to control MreB degradation. Dynamic degradation of MreB allows non‐model bacterium Halomonas bluephagenesis to grow normally and increase cell size simultaneously. Combined with overexpression of minCD, H. bluephagenesis with progressive MreB degradation increases the cell size further, albeit with a reduced growth rate. H. bluephagenesis CYL0307, with the PHB granule‐associated protein PhaP1 deleted and phaABRe
overexpressed in the MreB‐degraded strain, increases cell volume more than nine times compared to the original strain. CYL0307 produces 149 g L−1 cell dry weight containing 82% PHB after 44 h in a 5000 L bioreactor, with cells containing single large PHB granules, simplifying recovery and purification. These results provide a post‐translational gene regulation method in H. bluephagenesis and a strategy for enhancing PHB production via morphological engineering.
Parkinson's Disease Modeling Using Directly Converted 3D Induced Dopaminergic Neuron Organoids and Assembloids
Authors: Kim Hongwon , Kang Soi , Cho Byounggook , An Saemin , Kim Yunkyung , Kim Jongpil 
Published: February 2025

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of α‐synuclein aggregates, yet current models inadequately mimic the complex human brain environment. Recent advances in brain organoid models offer a more physiologically relevant platform for studying PD, however, iPSC‐derived brain organoids require long maturation times and may not accurately represent the aged brain's epigenetics and cellular contexts, limiting their applicability for modeling late‐onset diseases like PD. In this study, a novel approach for generating 3D‐induced dopaminergic (iDA) neuron organoids directly from human fibroblasts is presented. It is confirmed that these 3D iDA organoids more closely resemble the aged human brain and accurately replicate PD pathologies. Furthermore, this model is extended by incorporating astrocytes to create 3D iDA neuron‐astrocyte assembloids, recognizing the critical role of glial cells in neurodegenerative processes. It is identified that PD assembloids incorporating control astrocytes with A53T mutant iDAs demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of healthy astrocytes. In contrast, A53T mutant astrocytes progressively contributed to neuronal degeneration and synucleinopathy in 3D‐iDA assembloids. These findings suggest that directly converted 3D‐iDA organoids and assembloids provide a robust and physiologically relevant model for studying PD pathogenesis and evaluating therapeutic interventions.
Three‐Channel Wavefront Shaping Using Non‐Interleaved Spin‐Multiplexed Plasmonic Metasurfaces
Authors: Pan Xingling , Deng Yadong , Cai Ziru , Chen Zhiming , Ding Yingtao , Zheng Ziwei , Ding Fei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMetasurfaces have garnered significant attention for their ability to manipulate light waves with multifunctional capabilities. Integrating independent wavefront controls within a single metasurface is essential to meet the growing demand for high‐capacity, flat photonic devices. In this work, a versatile non‐interleaved plasmonic metasurface platform utilizing quarter‐wave plate meta‐atoms for independent and simultaneous phase modulation of both co‐ and cross‐polarized circularly polarized waves with subwavelength pixels, achieved by merging resonance and Pancharatnam‐Berry phases is presented. We propose and experimentally validate three proof‐of‐concept designs operating in the near‐infrared range: a beam deflector with three distinct reflection angles, a focusing metalens with three focal lengths, and a vortex beam generator with tunable topological charges. This plasmonic metasurface platform paves the way for customizable, multi‐channel functionalities, advancing the development of integrated photonic devices with enhanced versatility.
Reprogramming Lung Redox Homeostasis by NIR Driven Ultra‐Small Pd Loaded Covalent Organic Framework Inhibits NF‐κB Pathway for Acute Lung Injury Immunotherapy
Authors: Lei Doudou , Liao Lin , Qin Tao , Guan Xiaoxuan , Duan Kunpeng , Gao Zhiwei , Jin Weiqian , Yin Mingjing , Zhang Ke , Liu Yan , Chen Yin , Gao Huyang , Li Jiaxiao , Huang Feifei , Liu Wenjing , Xia Chengde , Wang Bailei , Huang Hualin , Lv Shengqiu , Zhi Qiang , Huang Jiahao , Gao Ming , Lu Junyu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) refers to damage to lung related cells, typically caused by an uncontrollable inflammatory response, and over‐generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). Increasing evidence suggests that reprogramming lung redox homeostasis holds significant potentials for the clinical treatment of ALI. Herein, the simple synthesis of ultra‐small Pd loaded covalent organic framework (COF) (TP@Pd) is reported, which, when combined with near infrared (NIR) irradiation, exhibits nanozyme functionalities, including multiple enzyme mimicking activities and broad spectrum ROS scavenging, thereby promoting tissue repair for ALI immunotherapy. Mechanistically, through the therapeutic strategy of TP@Pd+NIR, the damaged cells and tissues are ameliorated by decreasing intracellular ROS levels (total ROS, ·OH and ·O2−), downregulating inflammatory cytokines levels (IL‐6, TNF‐α and IL‐1β), upregulating antioxidant factor level (SOD2), inducing macrophage M2 directional polarization (downregulation of iNOS and CD86, and upregulation of IL‐10 and CD206), activating immunoregulation (CD4+/CD8+ ratio increase), promoting tissue repair factor levels (upregulation of HSP70 and CD31), and suppressing the NF‐κB signaling pathway (downregulation of phosphorylated p65 and IκBα). Furthermore, following intravenous (IV) injection in rats, TP@Pd accumulated in lung tissue for 6 h, indicating the promising therapeutic efficacy via this administration route. Notably, the TP@Pd+NIR strategy demonstrated the excellent synergistic effects in alleviating lung inflammation storms, reducing diffuse alveolar damage, and accelerating lung tissue repair. Summarily, this work has designed a novel TP@Pd+NIR strategy for the synergistic enhancement of ALI amelioration, which may serve as a promising therapeutic approach for other ROS related diseases.