bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ventral–Dorsal Subregions in the Posterior Cingulate Cortex Represent Pay and Interest, Two Key Attributes of Job Value
Authors: Matsuura Shunsui , Suzuki Shinsuke , Motoki Kosuke , Yamazaki Shohei , Kawashima Ryuta , Sugiura Motoaki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Career choices affect not only our financial status but also our future well-being. When making these choices, individuals evaluate their willingness to obtain a job (i.e., job values), primarily driven by simulation of future pay and interest. Despite the importance of these decisions, their underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we examined the neural representation of pay and interest. Forty students were presented with 80 job names and asked to evaluate their job values while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Following fMRI, participants rated the jobs in terms of pay and interest. The fMRI data revealed that the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) was associated with job value representation, and the ventral and dorsal regions of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) were associated with pay and interest representations, respectively. These findings suggest that the neural computations underlying job valuation conform to a multi-attribute decision-making framework, with overall value signals represented in the vmPFC and the attribute values (i.e., pay and interest) represented in specific regions outside the vmPFC, in the PCC. Furthermore, anatomically distinct representations of pay and interest in the PCC may reflect the differing roles of the two subregions in future simulations.
You Want It Extra CRISPERY? Legal Disruption through New Plant Breeding Technologies in the EU
Authors: Purnhagen Kai P 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
I will illustrate how the ‘old’ European Union (EU) legal regime on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) is applied to regulate new plant breeding technologies (NPBT). I will discuss why and how this results in what elsewhere had been called ‘legal disruption’. Legal disruption will occur once legal rules which were initially confined to a specific identified issue start to be applied beyond their original target. Such legal disruption may be found in the example of NPBT interacting with the precautionary principle, the use of scientific evidence in preliminary ruling proceedings, and the enforcement of labelling and traceability requirements. In the case of NPBT, legal disruption took place because policy makers were unwilling to adopt legislation designed to meet the demands of the technology. Consequently, they shuffled the responsibility for regulatory decision to the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU). The CJEU, in its current design, represents an ill-suited institution to decide on such complex technology questions. I will explain why. I will end with a plea for a regulation of NPBT, which likewise enables and protects, following the eight principles developed by Michéle Finck on the example of the governance of blockchain technology.
Role of microglia and P2X4 receptors in chronic pain
Authors: Kohno Keita , Tsuda Makoto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Pain plays an indispensable role as an alarm system to protect us from dangers or injuries. However, neuropathic pain, a debilitating pain condition caused by damage to the nervous system, persists for a long period even in the absence of dangerous stimuli or after injuries have healed. In this condition, pain becomes a disease itself rather than the alarm system and is often resistant to currently available medications. A growing body of evidence indicates that microglia, a type of macrophages residing in the central nervous system, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Whenever microglia in the spinal cord detect a damaging signal within the nervous system, they become activated and cause diverse alterations that change neural excitability, leading to the development of neuropathic pain. For over a decade, several lines of molecular and cellular mechanisms that define microglial activation and subsequently altered pain transmission have been proposed. In particular, P2X4 receptors (a subtype of purinergic receptors) expressed by microglia have been investigated as an essential molecule for neuropathic pain. In this review article, we describe our understanding of the mechanisms by which activated microglia cause neuropathic pain through P2X4 receptors, their involvement in several pathological contexts, and recent efforts to develop new drugs targeting microglia and P2X4 receptors.
High levels of common cold coronavirus antibodies in convalescent plasma are associated with improved survival in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Greenbaum Uri , Klein Kimberly , Martinez Fernando , Song Juhee , Thall Peter F. , Ramdial Jeremy L. , Knape Cristina , Aung Fleur M. , Scroggins Jamie , Knopfelmacher Adriana , Mulanovich Victor , Borjan Jovan , Adachi Javier , Muthu Mayoora , Leung Cerena , Medina Mayrin Correa , Champlin Richard , Olson Amanda , Alousi Amin , Rezvani Katayoun , Shpall Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCOVID-19 Convalescent plasma (CCP) is safe and effective, particularly if given at an early stage of the disease. Our study aimed to identify an association between survival and specific antibodies found in CCP.Patients and MethodsPatients ≥18 years of age who were hospitalized with moderate to severe COVID-19 infection and received CCP at the MD Anderson Cancer Center between 4/30/2020 and 8/20/2020 were included in the study. We quantified the levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, as well as antibodies against antigens of other coronavirus strains, in the CCP units and compared antibody levels with patient outcomes. For each antibody, a Bayesian exponential survival time regression model including prognostic variables was fit, and the posterior probability of a beneficial effect (PBE) of higher antibody level on survival time was computed.ResultsCCP was administered to 44 cancer patients. The median age was 60 years (range 37-84) and 19 (43%) were female. Twelve patients (27%) died of COVID-19-related complications. Higher levels of two non-SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, anti-HCoV-OC43 spike IgG and anti-HCoV-HKU1 spike IgG, had PBE = 1.00, and 4 SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies had PBEs between 0.90 and 0.95. Other factors associated with better survival were shorter time to CCP administration, younger age, and female sex.ConclusionsCommon cold coronavirus spike IgG antibodies anti-HCoV-OC43 and anti-HCoV-HKU1 may target a common domain for SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. They provide a promising therapeutic target for monoclonal antibody production.
Factors influencing COVID rates at local authority level and contribution of variation in vaccine coverage
Authors: Cullum Rachel , Badrinath Padmanabhan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe have undertaken a piece of rapid analysis of the most recent COVID-19 weekly rates to examine commonalities across areas with rates exceeding twice the national average. Our preliminary findings point towards an association between higher case rates and deprivation with implications for health inequalities. Furthermore, we also observed an association between higher case rates and lower rates of vaccination. More analysis is needed to further explore these linkages and help fuel what should be an urgent narrative around the need to tackle health inequalities in the COVID era.
The Prognostic Value of PD-1/PD-L1 Expression on Tumor Cells and Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocol
Authors: Abedini Fateme , Salehi Saeedeh , Janani Leila , Mohsenzadegan Monireh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers in the world. However, the role of immune checkpoint molecules, especially Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and Programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), in the progression of CRC remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis will investigate the prognostic significance of PD-1/PD-L1 expression on tumor-infiltrating immune cells and tumor cells in patients with colorectal cancer.MethodsThis protocol has been prospectively registered in the PROSPERO (registration NO. CRD42020156233). A comprehensive electronic search on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), Embase and ProQuest will be conducted using a combination of MeSH terms of “programmed cell death 1”, “programmed cell death ligand 1”, “colorectal” and “cancer” between 1 January 1990 and 31 March 2021 with no language limitation. Two independent reviewers will perform study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cohort studies will be used to assess the risk of bias. In the case of sufficient data, either random or fixed-effect models, will be used for meta-analysis. Statistical heterogeneity will be evaluated by 𝒳2 test with the I2 statistic. “Funnel plot”, “Begg’s statistical test”, and “Egger’s statistical test and graph” will be used to assess publication bias. Stata V.13 software will be employed for meta-analysis.Results and conclusionAccording to the meta-analysis of the aggregated data from the relevant primary studies, the relationship between expression of PD-1/PD-L1 and prognostic parameters, including progression-free survival and overall survival, will be reported. The results of the current study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Flow cytometry allows rapid detection of protein aggregates in cell culture and zebrafish models of spinocerebellar ataxia-3
Authors: Robinson Katherine J , Tym Madelaine C. , Hogan Alison , Watchon Maxinne , Yuan Kristy C , Plenderleith Stuart K , Don Emily K , Laird Angela S 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia-3 (SCA3, also known as Machado Joseph Disease), is a neurodegenerative disease caused by inheritance of aATXN3gene containing a CAG repeat expansion, resulting in presence of a polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat expansion within the encoded human ataxin-3 protein. SCA3 is characterized by the formation of ataxin-3 protein aggregates within neurons, neurodegeneration, and impaired movement. In this study we have identified protein aggregates in both neuronal-like (SHSY5Y) cells andin vivo(transgenic zebrafish) models expressing human ataxin-3 protein containing polyQ expansion. We have adapted a flow cytometric methodology, allowing rapid quantification of detergent insoluble forms of ataxin-3 fused to a green fluorescent protein. Flow cytometric analysis revealed an increased number of detergent-insoluble ataxin-3 particles in cells and zebrafish expressing polyQ expanded ataxin-3 when compared to cells and zebrafish expressing wildtype human ataxin-3. Interestingly, a protein aggregation phenotype could be detected as early as two days of age in transgenic zebrafish, prior to the onset of a detectable movement impairment at 6 days of age, suggesting protein aggregation may be an early disease phenotype in SCA3. Further, treatment of SCA3 cells and transgenic zebrafish with compounds known to modulate the activity of the autophagy protein quality control pathway altered the number of detergent-insoluble ataxin-3 particles detected by flow cytometry. We conclude that flow cytometry is a powerful tool that can be harnessed to rapidly quantify ataxin-3 aggregates, bothin vitroandin vivo, and can be utilised to screen and compare potential protein aggregate targeting therapies.
GRAMMAR-Lambda: An Extreme Simplification for Genome-wide Mixed Model Association Analysis
Authors: Yang Runqing , Gao Jin , Song Yuxin , Hao Zhiyu , Xu Pao 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA highly efficient genome-wide association method, GRAMMAR-Lambda is proposed to make simple genomic control for the test statistics deflated by GRAMMAR, producing statistical power as high as exact mixed model association method. Using the simulated and real phenotypes, we show that at a moderate or above genomic heritability, polygenic effects can be estimated using a small number of randomly selected markers, which extremely simplify genome-wide association analysis with an approximate computational complexity to naïve method in large-scale complex population. Upon a test at once, joint association analysis offers significant increase in statistical power over existing methods.
Phylogeography, codon usages, and DNA barcoding of lesser short nosed fruit bat (Cynopterus brachyotisMuller, 1838) populations in Indonesia
Authors: Wibowo Andri 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFruit bat (Pteropodidae) is one of the mammals that is common in environments and widely distributed from subtropical to tropical Asia. Whereas the information on phylogeography of fruit batCynopterus brachyotisis still limited. From this situation, this paper aims to assess the phylogeography, codon usage, and DNA barcoding ofC. brachyotispopulations in Indonesia. Phylogeography was developed based on 657 bp of the mtDNA COI gene for all bat individuals and Bayesian inference to construct the phylogeny tree. TheC. brachyotispopulations in Indonesia are different to the populations from the Asia’s continent. The results show thatC. brachyotispopulations in Indonesia were divided into 3 distinct clades. A putative geographical barrier, recent, and rapid range expansion in the Sunda lineage associated with changes in sea levels, possibly coupled with related ecological differences, may have driven population divergence, allopatric, and sympatric speciation. Codon usage and high frequency were also contributing to the dispersal ofC. brachyotisforming a distinct population.
Hierarchical Generalized Linear Mixed Model for Genome-wide Association Analysis
Authors: Zhang Hengyu , Yang Li’ang , Xu Yanan , Zhou Xiaojing , Song Yuxin , Li Shuling , Yang Runqing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) for binary traits, we stratified the genomic generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) into two hierarchies—the GLMM regarding genomic breeding values (GBVs) and a generalized linear regression of the normally distributed GBVs to the tested marker effects. In the first hierarchy, the GBVs were predicted by solving for the genomic best linear unbiased prediction for GLMM with the estimated variance components or genomic heritability in advance, and in the second hierarchy, association tests were performed using the generalized least square (GLS) method for the GBVs. Like the Hi-LMM for regular quantitative traits, the so-called Hi-GLMM method exhibited higher statistical power to detect quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) with better genomic control for complex population structure than existing methods, especially when the GBVs were estimated precisely and using joint association analysis for QTN candidates obtained from a test at once. Application of the Hi-GLMM to re-analyze maize kernel colors and six human diseases illustrated its advantage over existing GLMM-based association methods in terms of computing efficiency and statistical power.
Beyond residence time: quantifying factors that drive the spatially explicit filtration services of a “pristine” oyster population
Authors: Gray M.W. , Pinton D. , Canestrelli A. , Dix N. , Marcum P. , Kimbro D. , Grizzle R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Guana-Tolomato-Matanzas (GTM) system is a relatively pristine and well-flushed estuary in Northeastern Florida, USA and characterized as having an extraordinarily high abundance of oysters. Historically, dense populations of oysters, such as those found in GTM, are believed to play an important role in water filtration; however, few biofiltration studies have had access to such pristine populations. To quantify the filtration service(FS)of Eastern oysters(Crassostrea virginica)in GTM at several spatial scales (i.e. reef, watershed, estuary), we implemented a model that solves for the hydrodynamics and depletion of particulate matter passing over model oyster populations, the latter of which were derived from detailed bay-wide surveys. The model results suggested that oyster reefs populating the GTM play an important role in water quality by filtering ~60% of the estuary’s volume within its residence time. Our approach teases apart the role of reef size, residence time, particle concentration, and other physical factors on the generation ofFSat different spatial scales. Downstream effects were found to be very important for estuaryFS, which depend on the spatial distribution of the reefs in the GTM and local and estuarine-scale hydrodynamics. Therefore, the difference between “realized”FSand the “potential”FSof a given reef may be substantial when considering the complex hydrodynamic and connectivity among populations at several scales. Our model results provide clear and actionable information for management of these oyster populations and conservation of their ecosystem services.
SARS-CoV-2 comprehensive receptor profiling: mechanistic insight to drive new therapeutic strategies
Authors: Brockbank Sarah MV , Soden Jo , Faba-Rodriguez Raquel , Ribeiro Lyn Rosenbrier , Geh Catherine , Thomas Helen , Delight Jenni , Coverley Lucy , Abbott W Mark , Freeth Jim 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTHere we describe a hypothesis free approach to screen for interactions of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein with human cell surface receptors. We used a library screening approach to detect binding interactions across one of the largest known panels of membrane-bound and soluble receptors, comprising 5845 targets, expressed recombinantly in human cells. We were able confirm and replicate SARS-CoV-2 binding to ACE2 and other putative coreceptors such as CD209 and CLEC4M. More significantly, we identified interactions with a number of novel SARS-CoV-2 S binding proteins. Three of these novel receptors, NID1, CNTN1 and APOA4 were specific to SARS-CoV-2, and not SARS-COV, with APOA4 binding the S-protein with equal affinity as ACE2. With this knowledge we may further understand the disease pathogenesis of COVID-19 patients and how infection by SARS-CoV-2 may lead to differences in pathology in specific organs or indeed the virulence observed in different ethnicities. Importantly we illustrate a methodology which can be used for rapid, unbiassed identification of cell surface receptors, to support drug screening and drug repurposing approaches for this and future pandemics.
Self-construal types and organizational citizenship behavior for the environment of employees in a university
Authors: Ojedokun Oluyinka 
Published: March 2021

PurposeIn researching into workplace pro-environmental behaviors, there is sparse evidence on self-construals with dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior for the environment (OCBE), particularly among university employees. To fill this gap, the purpose of the study is to investigate the associations of self-construals with eco-civic engagement, eco-helping and eco-initiatives among 256 (men = 139 and women = 117) employees of a University.Design/methodology/approachThrough the use of cross-sectional survey method, data were collected to investigate theoretically deduced hypotheses. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsResults showed that independent self-construal was positively associated with eco-civic engagement,β = 0.25,t = 2.55,p < 0.01, eco-helping, β = 0.42,t = 4.51,p < 0.01 and eco-initiatives,β = 0.36,t = 3.73,p < 0.01, whereas interdependent self-construal had significant positive relationship with eco-civic engagement only,β = 0.27,t = 2.73,p < 0.01.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research can manipulate self-construal and collect observational data on eco-civic engagement, eco-helping and eco-initiatives. The findings should be further developed using larger samples among other higher education institutions (HEIs).Practical implicationsThis study provides a basis that self-construction can influence OCBE, particularly, focusing on independence can drive eco-civic engagement, eco-helping and eco-initiatives while focusing on interdependence can motivate eco-civic engagement. The findings may guide future development of workplace environmental sustainability programs and policies to aid university managers, practitioners, organizers and promoters of environmental sustainability on the university campuses.Originality/valueThe findings contribute to environmental sustainability literature in HEIs by providing information on the usefulness of self-construal types in motivating employee participation in OCBE.
How fitness consequences of early‐life conditions vary with age in a long‐lived seabird: A Bayesian multivariate analysis of age‐specific reproductive values
Authors: Vedder Oscar , Pen Ido , Bouwhuis Sandra 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEvolutionary theory suggests that individuals can benefit from deferring the fitness cost of developing under poor conditions to later in life. Although empirical evidence for delayed fitness costs of poor developmental conditions is abundant, individuals that die prematurely have not often been incorporated when estimating fitness, such that age‐specific fitness costs, and therefore therelative importanceof delayed fitness costs are actually unknown.We developed a Bayesian statistical framework to estimate age‐specific reproductive values in relation to developmental conditions. We applied it to data obtained from a long‐term longitudinal study of common ternsSterna hirundo, using sibling rank to describe variation in developmental conditions. Common terns have a maximum of three chicks, and later hatching chicks acquire less food, grow more slowly and have a lower fledging probability than their earlier hatched siblings.We estimated fitness costs in adulthood to constitutec. 45% and 70% of the total fitness costs of hatching third and second, respectively, compared to hatching first. This was due to third‐ranked hatchlings experiencing especially high pre‐fledging mortality, while second‐ranked hatchlings had lower reproductive success in adulthood. Both groups had slightly lower adult survival. There was, however, no evidence for sibling rank‐specific rates of senescence.We additionally found years with low fledgling production to be associated with particularly strong pre‐fledging selection on sibling rank, and with increased adult survival to the next breeding season. This suggests that adults reduce parental allocation to reproduction in poor years, which disproportionately impacts low‐ranked offspring.Interpreting these results, we suggest that selection at the level of the individual offspring for delaying fitness costs is counteracted by selection for parental reduction in brood size when resources are limiting.
Future prospects of insects as a biological resource in India: Potential biological products utilizing insects with reference to the frontier countries
Authors: Ghosh Sampat , Gahukar Ruparao T. , Meyer‐Rochow Victor Benno , Jung Chuleui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe semi‐organized insect industry of India primarily includes apiculture, sericulture and lac culture. In the last two decades the production of raw silk, including mulberry and “vanya silk”, has doubled. An increasing trend for the country has also been observed with regard to honey and beeswax production. India, moreover, stands in the frontline for lac production, but there is immense scope to expand insect‐based ventures. For example, sericultural products other than silk come to mind and with regard to apiculture honey, and beeswax need not be the only bee‐based commercial items. Insects other than honey bees can be used as food and feed or in the decomposition of waste; some species can be reared and even domesticated as pollinators. In this paper we discuss these unexplored sections, which could open up promising possibilities for the insect‐based industry in India as well as other countries.