bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SERO PREVALENCE OF TRANSFUSION TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (TTI) IN VOLUNTARY BLOOD DONORS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL AT SRINAGAR
Authors: Chickan Nadia Shafi , Mir Altaf Hussain , Gani Masaratt-ul , Handoo Shazia , Ganie Farooq Ahmad 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Blood transfusion plays an vital role in patients management and is live saving in my instances. it plays a pivotal role as a specialized modality of treatment and saves millions of lives worldwide each year and reduces morbidity. Stringent screening of blood not only ensure safe supply of blood and blood products, but also gives us idea about prevalence of ttis among general population
Objective: to determine the serroperavalance of tti among blood donors in lalded hospital
Materials and methods: A retrospective study was carried out over a period of 3 years from January 2017 to December 2019.serum samples were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen ,antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus Type 1 and 2 ,hepatitis c virus and syphilis in department of transfusion medicine was carried out
Result: The result shows that 55 (3.72%) of the blood donors had TTIs. The prevalence of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Malaria, Syphilis and Human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), was found to be 31(0.21%), 23 (0.15%), 01 (0.0.006%), 01 (0.006%) and 02 (0.0.23%) respectively. None were positive for malaria.
Conclusion: Transfusion Transmittable Infections pose a threat to patients admitted in any health care facility and if not carefully screened for will cause significant morbidity. Careful screening of all donor blood units in the blood bank of a hospital is absolutely necessary to prevent any untoward incidence of TTI in patients admitted to a health care facility
Keywords: Transfusion, Sero-Prevalence, Donors, Transfusion Transmissible Infections.
A leggyakoribb hibák a légi közlekedésben
Authors: Dudás Zoltán 
Published: May 2021

Az emberi hiba kezelésének módja a biztonságkultúra jellegzetessége. A gyakori hibatípusok a repülésbiztonságot bemutató elméleti modellek (Reason; SHEL[L]; SRK) mindegyike számára értelmezhetők. A modellek azonban teljes egészében nem adnak kielégítő választ az emberi hiba természetére. A biztonságfilozófia emberi tényezőt érintő elemeinek feltárására a szerző a Transport Canada tipikus emberi hibákat felsoroló „Piszkos Tizenkettő” koncepcióját mutatja be.
Basic Risk Assessment of Nuclear Power Plants
Authors: Antal Zoltán 
Published: May 2021

Nuclear power plants are classified as highly important and dangerous facilities. Therefore, in addition to the directives for dangerous establishments, they also have to adhere to further special criteria. This article investigates those essential security factors which are designed to ensure nuclear safety. It is very important that the operation of a nuclear power plant is covered from every professional aspect for the sake of nuclear safety. To demonstrate this, various risk factors will be paired with the operational status of the facility. This relates to the fact that the operation of the Hungarian nuclear facility is primarily governed by the Nuclear Safety Manual. Current legislation contains all those important safety precautions which are in accordance with all the highly critical systems of the nuclear facilities that are in operation today. It also includes international recommendations and their relevant points.
Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Mimicking COVID-19 Pneumonia In A Patient With Newly Diagnosed Advanced HIV Disease
Authors: Muhammad Saifullah Ahmad Anwaar , Omar Mohd Rahman , Mohd Bakhit Nour Hanan Daniah , Nik Mazian Assyifaa , Samad Sarah Zulaikha , Sharil Nor Safiqah , Siow Kim Yoon 
Published: May 2021

During the pandemic, diagnosis of COVID-19 infection must be excluded in patients presenting with respiratory features, especially in the area where the incidence was high. This case report highlights a man who came with respiratory infection symptoms and the chest radiograph suspicious of COVID-19 pneumonia; however, his swab test for RT-PCR was negative for COVID-19. Later he was found to have a positive anti-HIV antibody and developed advanced HIV infection by multiple opportunistic infections. A 45-year-old man presented with chronic cough and dyspnea for three months which worsened five days before the presentation. It was associated with diarrhoea, dysphagia, weight loss, left lower limb weakness, with bowel and urinary incontinence. Chest auscultation revealed generalized crepitations. The first chest radiograph showed bilateral reticular opacities extending to the lung peripheries when the suspected diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia was made. The nasopharynx swab for RT-PCR for COVID-19 was negative, and the sputum was positive for Pneumocystis jirovecii. The contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) brain revealed changes consistent with brain abscess. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination was consistent with cryptococcal infection. He was initially treated in the Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI) ward because of the initial impression of COVID-19. He was tested positive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) rapid test and PCR, RPR and TPHA for syphilis. He was diagnosed with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, cryptococcal meningitis, brain abscess, oral and oesophageal candidiasis and syphilis. He was treated with co-trimoxazole, Amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, penicillin G and Nystatin. He initially improved upon treatment but later succumbed to his illnesses. Given the current situation of COVID-19, any patient with acute respiratory symptoms must be tested to rule out COVID-19 pneumonia. However, in a newly diagnosed advanced HIV patient presented with respiratory infection symptoms and extrapulmonary symptoms, opportunistic infections should be excluded along with COVID-19.
Eficacia de la Telepsicología en intervenciones del área clínica y de la salud: una revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Cabas-Hoyos Kattia 
Published: May 2021

La telepsicología es una herramienta de intervención prometedora que puede aumentar el acceso a los servicios psicológicos reduciendo las barreras de accesibilidad al tratamiento. De este modo, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos con el objetivo de revisar la evidencia sobre la eficacia en intervenciones de telepsicología en el área clínica y de la salud en los últimos 10 años. De un total de 86 registros identificados, 15 estudios empíricos cumplieron con los criterios de selección y fueron incluidos en la revisión, de los cuales: 6 investigaron la efectividad de la telepsicología mediante videoconferencia; 3 mediante intervención telefónica, y 6 estudios por la modalidad vía internet. Palabras clave: Telepsicología, videoconferencia, intervención vía internet, vía telefónica.
Stimulated Immune Response by TruCulture® Whole Blood Assay in Patients With European Lyme Neuroborreliosis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Ørbæk Mathilde , Gynthersen Rosa Maja Møhring , Mens Helene , Stenør Christian , Wiese Lothar , Brandt Christian , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Nielsen Susanne Dam , Lebech Anne-Mette 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionBorrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex (B. burgdorferi) can cause a variety of clinical manifestations including Lyme neuroborreliosis. Following the tick-borne transmission, B. burgdorferi initially evade immune responses, later symptomatic infection is associated with occurrence of specific antibody responses. We hypothesized that B. burgdorferi induce immune hyporesponsiveness or immune suppression and aimed to investigate patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis ability to respond to immune stimulation.MethodsAn observational cohort study investigating the stimulated immune response by standardized whole blood assay (TruCulture®) in adult patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis included at time of diagnosis from 01.09.2018-31.07.2020. Reference intervals were based on a 5-95% range of cytokine concentrations from healthy individuals (n = 32). Patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis and references were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Heatmaps of cytokine responses were generated using the webtool Clustvis.ResultsIn total, 22 patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis (19 definite, 3 probable) were included. In the unstimulated samples, the concentrations of cytokines in patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis were comparable with references, except interferon (IFN)-α, interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-1β and IL-8, which were all significantly below the references. Patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis had similar concentrations of most cytokines in all stimulations compared with references. IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-17A were lower than references in multiple stimulations.ConclusionIn this exploratory cohort study, we found lower or similar concentrations of circulating cytokines in blood from patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis at time of diagnosis compared with references. The stimulated cytokine release in blood from patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis was in general slightly lower than in the references. Specific patterns of low IL-12 and IFN-γ indicated low Th1-response and low concentrations of IL-17A did not support a strong Th17 response. Our results suggest that patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis elicit a slightly suppressed or impaired immune response for the investigated stimulations, however, whether the response normalizes remains unanswered.
Database of Active Faults in Slovenia: Compiling a New Active Fault Database at the Junction Between the Alps, the Dinarides and the Pannonian Basin Tectonic Domains
Authors: Atanackov Jure , Jamšek Rupnik Petra , Jež Jernej , Celarc Bogomir , Novak Matevž , Milanič Blaž , Markelj Anže , Bavec Miloš , Kastelic Vanja 
Published: May 2021

We present the compilation of a new database of active faults in Slovenia, aiming at introducing geological data for the first time as input for a new national seismic hazard model. The area at the junction of the Alps, the Dinarides, and the Pannonian Basin is moderately seismically active. About a dozen Mw &gt; 5.5 earthquakes have occurred across the national territory in the last millennium, four of which in the instrumental era. The relative paucity of major earthquakes and low to moderate fault slip rates necessitate the use of geologic input for a more representative assessment of seismic hazard. Active fault identification is complicated by complex regional structural setting due to overprinting of different tectonic phases. Additionally, overall high rates of erosion, denudation and slope mass movement processes with rates up to several orders of magnitude larger than fault slip rates obscure the surface definition of faults and traces of activity, making fault parametrization difficult. The presented database includes active, probably active and potentially active faults with trace lengths &gt;5 km, systematically compiled and cataloged from a vast and highly heterogeneous dataset. Input data was mined from published papers, reports, studies, maps, unpublished reports and data from the Geological Survey of Slovenia archives and dedicated studies. All faults in the database are fully parametrized with spatial, geometric, kinematic and activity data with parameter descriptors including data origin and data quality for full traceability of input data. The input dataset was compiled through an extended questionnaire and a set of criteria into a homogenous database. The final database includes 96 faults with 240 segments and is optimized for maximum compatibility with other current maps of active faults at national and EU levels. It is by far the most detailed and advanced map of active faults in Slovenia.
Effects of Educational Video on Pre-operative Anxiety in Children - A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Härter Valentina , Barkmann Claus , Wiessner Christian , Rupprecht Martin , Reinshagen Konrad , Trah Julian 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Audio-visual interventions have been used to provide relevant patient information to reduce pre-operative anxiety in children. The aim of the study was to investigate whether self-reported state anxiety in children could be reduced by presenting a child-friendly educational video on the day of surgery.Methods: A prospective, single-blinded, two-armed, randomized controlled study was designed with three measurement time points including 90 children (6–17 years) and their parents. In the intervention group (IG), the children and their parents were shown a child-friendly video explaining the perioperative procedures that would be applied during the hospital stay, in addition to receiving standard information. In the control group (CG), children and parents received standard information provided by the nursing staff. The primary outcome was any change in the children's pre-operative state anxiety levels, as measured by the State-Trait Operation Anxiety Inventory (STOA). A secondary outcome was patient satisfaction regarding the received information.Results: Anxiety was significantly reduced in both groups after receiving either the intervention plus standard information or the standard information only. No significant difference in anxiety reduction was observed between the IG and the CG. However, the children and parents in the IG reported fewer worries than those in the CG.Conclusion: A child-friendly, educational video can be an additional tool for providing patient information and reducing pre-operative anxiety in children and their parents. Further studies should focus on the timing of the intervention and on age- and developmentally appropriate information formats and contents to address children's pre-operative anxiety.Clinical Trial Registration: Patient Anxiety Reduction in Children by Using Simple Explanation Videos, ID: NCT0441377; www.clinicaltrials.gov, Data Sharing Statement: Deidentified individual participant data will not be made available.
Metabolite Profiling of the Indian Food Spice Lichen, Pseudevernia furfuracea Combined With Optimised Extraction Methodology to Obtain Bioactive Phenolic Compounds
Authors: Kalra Rishu , Conlan Xavier A. , Areche Carlos , Dilawari Rahul , Goel Mayurika 
Published: May 2021

Pseudevernia furfuracea (L.) Zopf (Parmeliaceae) is a well-known epiphytic lichen commonly used in Indian spice mixtures and food preparations such as curries. This study is an attempt to find the best extraction methodology with respect to extractive yield, total polyphenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content and antioxidant activities of lichen P. furfuracea. Two phenolic compounds, atraric acid and olivetoric acid were isolated and quantified in their respective extracts with the aid of reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The highest concentration of both the compounds, atraric acid (4.89 mg/g DW) and olivetoric acid (11.46 mg/g DW) were found in 70% methanol extract. A direct correlation was also observed between the concentrations of these compounds with the free radical scavenging potential of the extracts which might contribute towards the antioxidant potential of the extract. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy and HPLC analysis which was used to study the effect of pre-processing on extraction process highlighted the capacity of a mixer grinder technique for improved separation of surface localized metabolites and enrichment of the fraction. An investigation of the chemical profile of the bioactive extract 70% methanol extract using UHPLC-DAD-MS lead to tentative identification of forty nine compounds. This extract was also assessed towards HEK 293 T cell line for cytotoxicity analysis. Concentration range of 0.156 to 100 µg/ml of PF70M extract exhibited no significant cell death as compared to control. Further, the active extract showed protective effect against hydroxyl radical’s destructive effects on DNA when assessed using DNA nicking assay. Based upon this, it can be concluded that optimization of extraction solvent, sample pre-proceesing and extraction techniques can be useful in extraction of specific antioxidant metabolites.
Pharmacological Vitamin C Treatment Impedes the Growth of Endogenous Glutamine-Dependent Cancers by Targeting Glutamine Synthetase
Authors: Long Yali , Qiu Jia , Zhang Bing , He Peng , Shi Xinchong , He Qiao , Chen Zhifeng , Shen Wanqing , Li Zhoulei , Zhang Xiangsong 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: Glutamine synthetase (GS) is the only currently known enzyme responsible for synthesizing endogenous glutamine (Gln). GS exerts a critical role in the oncogenesis of endogenous Gln-dependent cancers, making it an attractive target for anti-tumor therapies. A mixed-function oxidation system consisting of vitamin C (VC), oxygen, and trace metals can oxidize GS and promote its degradation. The current study aims to explore the effect of pharmacological VC treatment on GS.Methods: Endogenous Gln-dependent cancer lines (breast cancer MCF7 and prostate cancer PC3) were selected to establish chronic Gln-deprived MCF7 and PC3 cell models. The expression of GS in parental and chronic Gln-deprived tumor cells exposed to VC treatment and control was determined by Western blot analysis. The anti-cancer effects of VC on parental and chronic Gln-deprived tumor cells were assessed by CCK-8 and annexin V-FITC/PI FACS assays. In addition, changes in cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione (GSH) levels and NADPH/NADP + ratio were analyzed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, BALB/c nude mice xenografting with parental and chronic Gln-deprived prostate cancer cells were constructed to evaluate the in vivo therapeutic effect of VC. Finally, tumor 13N-ammonia uptake in mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts was analyzed following treatment with VC and the expression of GS in xenografts were detected by immunohistochemistry.Results: Cells overexpressing GS were obtained by chronic Gln deprivation. We found that the cytotoxic effect of VC on cancer cells was positively correlated with the expression of GS. Additionally, VC treatment led to a significant increase in ROS production, as well as GSH depletion and NADPH/NADP + reduction. These changes could be reversed by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). Furthermore, pharmacological VC treatment exhibited a more significant therapeutic effect on xenografts of prostate cancer cells overexpressing GS, that could be well monitored by 13N-ammonia PET/CT imaging.Conclusion: Our findings indicate that VC can kill cancer cells by targeting glutamine synthetase to induce oxidative stress. VC could be used as an anti-cancer treatment for endogenous glutamine-dependent cancers.
Evaluation of VIIRS and MODIS Snow Cover Fraction in High-Mountain Asia Using Landsat 8 OLI
Authors: Rittger Karl , Bormann Kat J. , Bair Edward H. , Dozier Jeff , Painter Thomas H. 
Published: May 2021

We present the first application of the Snow Covered Area and Grain size model (SCAG) to the Visible Infrared imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and assess these retrievals with finer‐resolution fractional snow cover maps from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI). Because Landsat 8 OLI avoids saturation issues common to Landsat 1–7 in the visible wavelengths, we re-assess the accuracy of the SCAG fractional snow cover maps from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) that were previously evaluated using data from earlier Landsat sensors. Use of the fractional snow cover maps from Landsat 8 OLI shows a negative bias of −0.5% for MODSCAG and −1.3% for VIIRSCAG, whereas previous MODSCAG evaluations found a bias of −7.6% in the Himalaya. We find similar root mean squared error (RMSE) values of 0.133 and 0.125 for MODIS and VIIRS, respectively. The Recall statistic (probability of detection) for cells with more than 15% snow cover in this challenging steep topography was found to be 0.90 for both MODSCAG and VIIRSCAG, significantly higher than previous evaluations based on Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). In addition, daily retrievals from MODIS and VIIRS are consistent across gradients of elevation, slope, and aspect. Different native resolutions of the gridded products at 1 km and 500 m for VIIRS and MODIS, respectively, result in snow cover maps showing a slightly different distribution of values with VIIRS having more mixed pixels and MODIS having 7% more pure snow pixels. Despite the resolution differences, the snow maps from both sensors produce similar total snow-covered areas and snow-line elevations in this region, with R2 values of 0.98 and 0.88, respectively. We find that the SCAG algorithm performs consistently across various spatial resolutions and that fractional snow cover maps from the VIIRS instruments aboard Suomi NPP, JPPS–1, and JPPS–2 can be a suitable replacement as MODIS sensors reach their ends of life.
Design and Operation of Empirical Manganese-Removing Bioreactors and Integration into a Composite Modular System for Remediating and Recovering Metals from Acidic Mine Waters
Authors: Santos Ana Laura , Johnson D. Barrie 
Published: May 2021

Packed bed bioreactors were used to remove soluble manganese from a synthetic mine water as the final stage of an integrated bioremediation process. The synthetic mine water had undergone initial processing using a sulfidogenic bioreactor (pH 4.0–5.5) which removed all transition metals present in elevated concentrations (Cu, Ni, Zn and Co) apart from manganese. The aerobic bioreactors were packed with pebbles collected from a freshwater stream that were coated with black-colored, Mn(IV)-containing biofilms, and their capacity to remove soluble Mn (II) from the synthetic mine water was tested at varying hydraulic retention times (11–45 h) and influent liquor pH values (5.0 or 6.5). Over 99% of manganese was removed from the partly processed mine water when operated at pH 6.5 and a HRT of 45 h. Molecular techniques (clone libraries and T-RFLP analysis) were used to characterize the biofilms and identified two heterotrophic Mn-oxidizing microorganisms: the bacterium Leptothrix discophora and what appears to be a novel fungal species. The latter was isolated and characterized in vitro.