bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The posttraumatic stress interview for children (KID-PIN): development and validation of a semi-structured interview of PTSD symptoms among displaced children in the Middle East
Authors: Ibrahim Hawkar , Catani Claudia , Neuner Frank 
Published: December 2021

Background
In populations affected by mass disaster such as armed conflict and displacement, children are at risk of developing mental ill-health, in particular post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Valid and reliable screening instruments are needed to assess the severity of PTSD symptoms among children and to identify individuals in need of treatment.

Method
In the context of an ongoing war in the Middle East, we developed the KID-PIN as a semi-structured interview for PTSD symptoms that can be administered by trained paraprofessionals. To achieve a culturally and contextually appropriate instrument, the development was based on open-ended interviews with affected children and involved both local and international experts. Using the KID-PIN and instruments for constructs associated with PTSD, 332 Iraqi and Syrian displaced children were interviewed. A subset of the sample (n = 86) participated in validation interviews based on experts applying the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5—Child/Adolescent Version (CAPS-CA-5).

Results
The KID-PIN demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.94) with good convergent validity. Confirmatory factor analyses of the KID-PIN showed an acceptable fit with the DSM-5 and other common models; the best fit was reached with the Hybrid model. Receiver operating characteristic analyses indicated that the cut-off score of 28 or higher on the KID-PIN is the optimum cut-off for a probable PTSD diagnosis.

Conclusion
The utility of the newly developed KID-PIN as a screening instrument for PTSD in children is supported by the measure’s high internal consistency and good convergent and structural validity, as well as its diagnostic accuracy.
Variation in global distribution, population structures, and demographic history for fourTrichiuruscutlassfishes
Authors: Lin Hsiu-Chin , Tsai Chia-Jung , Wang Hui-Yu 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundSpecies-specific information on distribution and demographic patterns provides important implications for conservation and fisheries management. However, such information is often lacking for morphologically-similar species, which may lead to biases in the assessments of these species and even decrease effort towards sustainable management. Here, we aimed to uncover the distribution range, population structure and demographic history for four exploitedTrichiuruscutlassfishes using genetics. These cutlassfishes contribute substantial global fisheries catch, with a high proportion of catch harvested from the NW Pacific.MethodsWe chose the widely available mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S) as the genetic marker for cutlassfishes. We compiled the 16S sequence data from both the GenBank and a survey of trawler catch samples along the NW Pacific coasts 22–39°N. Genealogical relationships within each species was visualized with haplotype networks and potential population differentiations were further evaluated with AMOVA. Demographic histories were estimated using neutrality test, mismatch analysis, and the Bayesian skyline plot. The reconstructed phylogenetic trees were used to delimit and estimate the divergence time of species and included populations.ResultsIn each of two cosmopolitan species,T. lepturusandT. nanhaiensis, we observed distinct populations along the coasts of warm oceans; such population differentiation might result from historical geographic barriers in the Pleistocene. In the NW Pacific, fourTrichiurusspecies vary in their distribution habitats, which reflect differential ecological niches among these species. The small-sizedT. brevisare primarily found in nearshore habitats; the warm-affiliatedT. nanhaiensisare present along the path of the Kuroshio Current; the cold-affiliatedT. japonicusspatially diverged from the widely-distributedT. lepturus, with the latter mainly occupy in warmer regions. Despite these differences, a single well-mixing fish stock, thus one management unit, was identified in each of the four species, presumably due to expansion of their population sizes predated the Last Glacial Maximum and a lack of distribution barrier. The most dominantT. japonicus, which have at least one magnitude higher effective population size than the others, show a unique abrupt size expansion event at 75 to 50-kilo years ago when the low sea level occurred during the ice age.Main conclusionsThe demographic history revealed by our genetic analyses advances understanding of the current distribution and population structure for these congeneric species. Moreover, the uncovered population structure provides insight into the assessment and management of these species. Such information complements contemporary knowledge about these species and enables us to forecast their ability to resist future environmental and anthropogenic disturbances.
Modern Economic Realities, Coronavirus, Vaccination: Interrelation and Challenges to the Future
Authors: Medvedeva Viktoriya Andreevna , Grigoriev Alexander Vladimirovich , IldarovnaSakhbieva Amina , MakedonovnaKalyakina Inessa , Murzagalina Gulnaz Minnulovna , Nayanov Evgeny Aleksandrovich 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the work is to consider the relationship between the current economic situation and the pace of development of coronavirus infection, which has had a direct impact on various spheres of society. Doctors around the world are calling on citizens to be vaccinated, because only the formation of the so-called global immunity will allow to resist the further development of the pandemic.
The situation with the wave-like development of morbidity, which causes the announcement of more and more restrictive measures and, as a result, a decrease in the economic activity of the population, also testifies in favor of universal vaccination. The prospects for future economic development at such rates of infecting the population in various countries are rather vague, so the promotion of vaccination is gaining momentum. However, the choice of a particular vaccine often becomes a difficult issue for most citizens, since all vaccines were developed in a fairly short time, their adaptation took place at an ultra-high pace, and many citizens question the side effects of vaccines.
It seems to us that the problem can be solved by the common "elimination of illiteracy" in the field of vaccination against coronavirus and formation of a collective understanding of the need to join the vaccinated on the basis of explanatory work among potential patients of vaccination offices, based on scientific facts and submitted in a popular scientific form.
Tocotrienol-rich Fraction Modulated Genes Responsible for Inflammation in Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Hafid Sitti Rahma Abd , Aini Maliya Azilah Mohammad , Iran Nabiha , Norisam Irmaliayana , Radzun Khairul Adzfa , Radhakrishnan Ammu Kutty 
Published: December 2021

Background: Inflammation plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), the leading health issue worldwide. An earlier study reported that tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) showed better anti-inflammation effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages.
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction at the molecular level by looking at the genes that were differentially regulated and pathways affected in LPS-stimulated macrophages exposed to TRF using the microarray approach.
Methods: A microarray study was carried out in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from the RAW 264.7 cells treated with TRF (10µg/mL), alpha-tocopherol (10 µg/mL) or LPS (10 ng/mL). Untreated cells served as control. Enrichment analyses, such as Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG), were conducted for genes listed in the differentially expressed genes (DEGs).
Results: The microarray analysis showed that the expression of five genes [Hamp, Interleukin-1a (IL-1a), IL-b, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2) and colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3)] and one gene (SLC1A4), an amino acid transporter, was modulated (fold change 2, P< 0.05) in the TRF-treated cells. With a more stringent analysis (fold change 3, P < 0.05), only one gene (CSF3) was downregulated in the TRF-treated in RAW 264.7 cells. Analysis using the GO and KEGG pathways revealed interactions between pro-inflammatory agents such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-B), as well as signaling pathways of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-17.
Conclusion: TRF modulated the expression of genes responsible for acute and chronic inflammation that were part of the lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX) inflammatory pathways. Further investigation on the effects of TRF in different cell lines and in vivo studies should be conducted in the future.
The Prevalence of Dental Anxiety among Dental Patients in Qassim Region
Authors: Alharbi Faisal S. , Alhodaithy Mazen Abdurrhman , Farhan Mohammed 
Published: December 2021

Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of dental anxiety among patients visiting dental clinics in Al-Qassim region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: The 377 participants were selected from three major cities of Al-Qassim region - Buridah, Onizah, and Alrass. A self-administered questionnaire based on Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was used to gather the responses of the participants. The questionnaires were handed to respondents during their regular visits to the dental clinics.
Results: The findings of the study revealed that 18% of the sample population suffer from severe dental anxiety. The analysis showed that feelings associated with anesthetic injection are the most-anxiety provoking factor while the next day visit is the least anxiety-provoking item. The findings show that female participants (M = 3.1, p = .001) significantly manifest more dental anxiety than their male counterparts (M = 2.8, p = .001). The younger participants demonstrate higher dental anxiety than other age groups.
Conclusion: The dental anxiety exists in the sample population. Gender and age are associated with varying MDAS scores.
Long‐term analysis of irradiated skin after breast‐conserving surgery in breast cancer patients using noninvasive imaging
Authors: Mikami Kasumi , Kitajima Maiko , Noto Yuka , Itaki Chieko , Fukushi Yasuyo , Hirota Yoshiko , Mariya Yasushi , Tsushima Megumi , Kattou Keiichi , Osanai Tomohiro 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsIn patients with breast cancer, skin assessment is useful for the treatment and prevention of postoperative adverse effects of radiotherapy. This study was designed to clarify the long‐term changes in the irradiated skin of patients after breast‐conserving surgery using visual inspection and noninvasive imaging.MethodsWe compared changes in the irradiated skin over time between evaluations, based on visual inspection and noninvasive imaging in 31 patients receiving postmastectomy radiation therapy. The condition of the skin was evaluated by visual inspection of the thermogram, and analysis of skin surface temperature, intensity of erythema, intensity of melanin, and hydration level.ResultsSkin surface temperature remained higher at the irradiation site after 11 months, despite the absence of erythema per visual inspection. The intensity of erythema was higher at the irradiated site until 17–19 months after completion of irradiation. Similarly, the intensity of melanin tended to be higher at the irradiated site compared with the nonirradiated site until 17–19 months. The hydration level at the irradiated site was lower at 6 months but recovered to match the nonirradiated site at 11–13 months. Impaired skin conditions assessed by noninvasive objective procedures persist longer than the assessment made by visual inspection.ConclusionsAdverse effects should be treated or prevented in the long term in patients receiving postmastectomy radiation therapy.
Force‐Reversible and Energetic Indole‐Mg‐Indole Cation‐π Interaction for Designing Toughened and Multifunctional High‐Performance Thermosets
Authors: Yang Li , Li Yicheng , Du Mengqi , He Yiting , Lan Yang , Yin Qiang , Zhu Fanghua , Chang Guanjun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNon‐covalent crosslinking has provided versatile and affordable solutions for the design of tough soft polymer materials, but it is not applied in stiff high‐performance thermosets. Here, the authors report a supramolecular approach for the design of tough high‐performance thermosets by using noncovalent sandwich‐structural indole‐Mg‐indole complexes that act as the force‐reversible and energetic crosslinking points, evading the inherent trade‐off between mechanical strength and ductility for high‐performance thermosets. Compared to traditional epoxy polymer materials, the indole‐Mg‐indole crosslinks of the network enables synchronously enhancement of mechanical strength and ductility owing to the increased interaction‐energy and efficient dissociation and reassociation behaviors given by the dynamic indole‐Mg‐indole complexes, which is quite challenging to achieve by conventional chemical methods. In addition, local manipulation of crosslinking confers the resulting thermosets with multiple fast stimuli‐responsive functions, such as recyclability, healability, and adhesion.
Long‐Range‐Ordered Assembly of Micro‐/Nanostructures at Superwetting Interfaces
Authors: Feng Jiangang , Qiu Yuchen , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOn‐chip integration of solution‐processable materials imposes stringent and simultaneous requirements of controlled nucleation and growth, tunable geometry and dimensions, and long‐range‐ordered assembly, which is challenging in solution process far from thermodynamic equilibrium. Superwetting interfaces, underpinned by programmable surface chemistry and topography, are promising for steering transport, dewetting, and microfluid dynamics of liquids, thus opening a new paradigm for micro‐/nanostructure assembly in solution process. Herein, assembly methods on the basis of superwetting interfaces are reviewed for constructing long‐range‐ordered micro‐/nanostructures. Confined capillary liquids, including capillary bridges and capillary corner menisci realized by controlling local wettability and surface topography, are highlighted for simultaneously attained deterministic patterning and long‐range order. The versatility and robustness of confined capillary liquids are discussed with assembly of single‐crystalline micro‐/nanostructures of organic semiconductors, metal‐halide perovskites, and colloidal‐nanoparticle superlattices, which lead to enhanced device performances and exotic functionalities. Finally, a perspective for promising directions in this realm is provided.
Organic Bilayer Photovoltaics for Efficient Indoor Light Harvesting
Authors: Park Song Yi , Labanti Chiara , Luke Joel , Chin Yi‐Chun , Kim Ji‐Seon 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIndoor organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are a potential niche application for organic semiconductors due to their strong and well‐matched absorption with the emission of indoor lighting. However, due to extremely low photocurrent generation, the device parameters critical for efficient indoor OPVs differ from those under 1 Sun conditions. Herein, these critical device parameters—recombination loss and shunt resistance (Rsh)—are identified and it is demonstrated that bilayer OPVs are suitable for indoor PV applications. Compared to bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ), the open‐circuit voltage loss of bilayer devices under low light intensities is much smaller, consistent with a larger surface photovoltage response, indicating suppressed recombination losses. The bilayer devices show a higher fill factor at low light intensities, resulting from high Rsh afforded by the ideal interfacial contacts between the photoactive and the charge transport layers. The high Rsh enables bilayer devices to perform well without a light‐soaking process. Finally, the charge carriers are extracted rapidly in bilayers, which are attributed to strongly suppressed trap states possibly induced by isolated domains and non‐ideal interfacial contacts in BHJs. This study highlights the excellent suitability of bilayer OPVs for indoor applications and demonstrates the importance of device architecture and interfacial structures for efficient indoor OPVs.
In situ spatial glycomic imaging of mouse and human Alzheimer's disease brains
Authors: Hawkinson Tara R. , Clarke Harrison A. , Young Lyndsay E. A. , Conroy Lindsey R. , Markussen Kia H. , Kerch Kayla M. , Johnson Lance A. , Nelson Peter T. , Wang Chi , Allison Derek B. , Gentry Matthew S. , Sun Ramon C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractN‐linked protein glycosylation in the brain is an understudied facet of glucose utilization that impacts a myriad of cellular processes including resting membrane potential, axon firing, and synaptic vesicle trafficking. Currently, a spatial map of N‐linked glycans within the normal and Alzheimer's disease (AD) human brain does not exist. A comprehensive analysis of the spatial N‐linked glycome would improve our understanding of brain energy metabolism, linking metabolism to signaling events perturbed during AD progression, and could illuminate new therapeutic strategies. Herein we report an optimized in situ workflow for enzyme‐assisted, matrix‐assisted laser desorption and ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of brain N‐linked glycans. Using this workflow, we spatially interrogated N‐linked glycan heterogeneity in both mouse and human AD brains and their respective age‐matched controls. We identified robust regional‐specific N‐linked glycan changes associated with AD in mice and humans. These data suggest that N‐linked glycan dysregulation could be an underpinning of AD pathologies.
Atomic Bridging Structure of Nickel–Nitrogen–Carbon for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2
Authors: Cao Xueying , Zhao Lanling , Wulan Bari , Tan Dongxing , Chen Qianwu , Ma Jizhen , Zhang Jintao 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo meet strategic applications, electrochemical reduction of CO2 into value‐added chemical molecules would be improved by the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts with atomically dispersed active sites. Herein an electrospun‐pyrolysis cooperative strategy is presented to not only modulate the porous structure of the carbon support for favorable charge and mass transfer, but also adjust the bridging structure of atomically dispersed metal species. Typically, the experimental results and theoretical calculations revealed that the unique chemical structure of binuclear nickel bridging with nitrogen and carbon atoms (namely Ni2−N4−C2) tunes the electronic nature of the d‐states for the optimal adsorption of carbon dioxide and intermediates, thus inducing the substantial enhancement of CO2 reduction via the thermodynamically more favorable pathway. The identification of such a structure demonstrates the large space to modulate the atomic bridging status for optimizing electrocatalysis.
The Emergence of Aqueous Ammonium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Han Jin , Varzi Alberto , Passerini Stefano 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAqueous ammonium‐ion (NH4+) batteries (AAIB) are a recently emerging technology that utilize the abundant electrode resources and the fast diffusion kinetics of NH4+ to deliver an excellent rate performance at a low cost. Although significant progress has been made on AAIBs, the technology is still limited by various challenges. In this Minireview, the most recent advances are comprehensively summarized and discussed, including cathode and anode materials as well as the electrolytes. Finally, a perspective on possible solutions for the current limitations of AAIBs is provided.
Electromagnetic evaluation of radar absorbing materials based on conducting polypyrrole andorganic–inorganicnanocomposite of polypyrrole/kaolinite
Authors: Malere Caroline P. R. , Donati Bruno , Eras Nicholas , Silva Valdirene A. , Lona Liliane F. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a study of radar absorbing materials (RAM), based on conducting polymer polypyrrole (PPy) and organic–inorganic nanocomposite of PPy filled with lamellar structure kaolinite clay (PPy/Kao) for X‐band frequency range application. PPy was obtained via a chemical synthesis using doping agent chloride acid, lauric acid, and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The nanocomposites were produced via in situ polymerization, where the same experimental conditions were applied for PPy synthesis. The radar absorbing composite was obtained by mechanically mixing an epoxy resin matrix with the synthesized materials. The characterization was done using infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analyses, and differential scanning calorimetry thermal analysis, and electromagnetic measurements. Kao in the nanocomposite was used to promote polymer anchoring, behaving as a host agent. SEM demonstrated that the synthesized nanocomposites produced growth morphology of interconnected nanoparticles in an almost spherical shape and mostly globular in a cauliflower shape, with homogeneous sizes and packaged structure. Results showed that the RAM obtained presented a good performance as an electromagnetic wave absorber, with thermal stability above 120°C and incident wave attenuation ranging from −10 to −33 dB (90%–99.9%) in the X‐band.
The importance of home: Satisfaction with accommodation, neighborhood, and life in adults with autism
Authors: Scheeren Anke M. , Howlin Patricia , Bartels Meike , Krabbendam Lydia , Begeer Sander 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAlthough good quality housing and a socially cohesive neighborhood are associated with a higher well‐being in the general population, housing is a rarely studied topic in autism research. In the present study, we describe the housing situation of a large sample of adults with autism and mostly (above) average intellectual abilities (n = 1429; 17 to 84 years), and examine predictors of independent living, accommodation satisfaction, neighborhood satisfaction, and satisfaction with life based on an online survey. The outcomes of independently living adults were compared with those from a Dutch community sample (n = 929). Nearly 80% of the autistic adults lived independently. Older participants, women, and those with higher self‐reported IQ's were more likely to live independently. Autistic adults living independently were equally satisfied with their accommodation and neighborhood as the comparison group, but were less satisfied with their life in general. In both groups, higher satisfaction with accommodation and neighborhood was associated with higher life satisfaction. We advocate further research to better understand and anticipate the housing needs of the growing group of adults with autism.Lay SummaryThe living situation of autistic adults has rarely been studied. We found that 79% of autistic adults with mostly (above) average intellectual abilities lived independently. Women, older adults, and those with higher IQ's were more likely to live independently. They were equally pleased with their house and neighborhood as adults from a Dutch community sample, but autistic adults were less satisfied with their life in general.