bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperative verifier-based testing with CoVeriTest
Authors: Beyer Dirk , Jakobs Marie-Christine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTesting is a widely applied technique to evaluate software quality, and coverage criteria are often used to assess the adequacy of a generated test suite. However, manually constructing an adequate test suite is typically too expensive, and numerous techniques for automatic test-suite generation were proposed. All of them come with different strengths. To build stronger test-generation tools, different techniques should be combined. In this paper, we study cooperative combinations of verification approaches for test generation, which exchange high-level information. We present CoVeriTest, a hybrid technique for test-suite generation. CoVeriTest iteratively applies different conditional model checkers and allows users to adjust the level of cooperation and to configure individual time limits for each conditional model checker. In our experiments, we systematically study different CoVeriTest cooperation setups, which either use combinations of explicit-state model checking and predicate abstraction, or bounded model checking and symbolic execution. A comparison with state-of-the-art test-generation tools reveals that CoVeriTest achieves higher coverage for many programs (about 15%).
Patterns of motivating teaching behaviour and student engagement: a microanalytic approach
Authors: Cents-Boonstra Miriam , Lichtwarck-Aschoff Anna , Lara Mayra Mascareño , Denessen Eddie 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPositive student engagement is a prerequisite for students’ educational success. In this study, a microanalytic approach was used to explore patterns in teachers’ use of specific motivating teaching behaviours from the perspective of self-determination theory in relation to indicators of students’ positive engagement. The lessons of 52 teachers were observed and event-based coded. Results showed that specifically asking motivating questions and providing positive feedback and support during exercises were associated with subsequent positive student engagement. Unexpectedly, some demotivating teaching behaviours were also found to relate to positive student engagement, although to a lesser extent. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Surface contact behavior of functionally graded thermoelectric materials indented by a conducting punch
Authors: Tian Xiaojuan , Zhou Yueting , Wang Lihua , Ding Shenghu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe contact problem for thermoelectric materials with functionally graded properties is considered. The material properties, such as the electric conductivity, the thermal conductivity, the shear modulus, and the thermal expansion coefficient, vary in an exponential function. Using the Fourier transform technique, the electro-thermoelastic problems are transformed into three sets of singular integral equations which are solved numerically in terms of the unknown normal electric current density, the normal energy flux, and the contact pressure. Meanwhile, the complex homogeneous solutions of the displacement fields caused by the gradient parameters are simplified with the help of Euler’s formula. After addressing the non-linearity excited by thermoelectric effects, the particular solutions of the displacement fields can be assessed. The effects of various combinations of material gradient parameters and thermoelectric loads on the contact behaviors of thermoelectric materials are presented. The results give a deep insight into the contact damage mechanism of functionally graded thermoelectric materials (FGTEMs).
A single point mutation converts a glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase into an N-acyl-homoserine lactone acylase
Authors: Murugayah Shereen A. , Evans Gary B. , Tyndall Joel D. A. , Gerth Monica L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
To change the specificity of a glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid acylase (GCA) towards N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs; quorum sensing signalling molecules) by site-directed mutagenesis.

Results
Seven residues were identified by analysis of existing crystal structures as potential determinants of substrate specificity. Site-saturation mutagenesis libraries were created for each of the seven selected positions. High-throughput activity screening of each library identified two variants—Arg255Ala, Arg255Gly—with new activities towards N-acyl homoserine lactone substrates. Structural modelling of the Arg255Gly mutation suggests that the smaller side-chain of glycine (as compared to arginine in the wild-type enzyme) avoids a key clash with the acyl group of the N-acyl homoserine lactone substrate.

Conclusions
Mutation of a single amino acid residue successfully converted a GCA (with no detectable activity against AHLs) into an AHL acylase. This approach may be useful for further engineering of ‘quorum quenching’ enzymes.
Effects of Cognitive Reappraisal on Subjective and Neural Reactivity to Angry Faces in Children with Social Anxiety Disorder, Clinical Controls with Mixed Anxiety Disorders and Healthy Children
Authors: Keil Verena , Tuschen-Caffier Brunna , Schmitz Julian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCognitive models of social anxiety suggest that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by both enhanced emotional reactivity and deficits in emotion regulation. Emotional reactivity to socially threatening children’s faces and their modulation through reappraisal were measured via subjective ratings and electrocortical responses in children (age 10–13) with SAD (n = 28), clinical controls with mixed anxiety disorders (n = 28), and healthy controls (n = 29). Children with SAD showed higher subjective reactivity to the images of angry children’s faces while all children reported reduced reactivity in their subjective ratings following reappraisal. Reduced electrocortical reactivity after reappraisal was only evident in older children and boys and was unrelated to anxiety. The present study indicates that cognitive reappraisal may be beneficial in reducing subjective reactivity in children with anxiety disorders, while neural effects of reappraisal may emerge at older ages.
Remote learning among students with and without reading difficulties during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zawadka Joanna , Miękisz Aneta , Nowakowska Iwona , Plewko Joanna , Kochańska Magdalena , Haman Ewa 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article presents the results of a survey on yet under-researched aspects of remote learning and learning difficulties in higher education during the initial stage (March – June 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 2182 students from University of Warsaw in Poland completed a two-part questionnaire regarding academic achievements in the academic year 2019/2020, living conditions and stress related to learning and pandemic, as well as basic demographic information, andDyslexia Diagnosis Questionnaire(DDQ). The analyses were carried out in three sub-groups of students: who self-reported having a formal diagnosis of dyslexia (CDYS), self-reported reading difficulties, but had no formal diagnosis of dyslexia (SIDYS), and who reported no reading difficulties (CON). The results of the survey revealed that compared with the CON group, more students from CDYS and SIDYS groups did not pass at least one exam in the summer semester. CDYS and SIDYS groups experienced higher stress due to epidemiological restrictions, they had more difficulties than CON with the organisation of learning and obtaining credit during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results indicate a need for special consideration of additional support for students experiencing reading difficulties (whether or not they have a formal diagnosis).
The Patterns of School Improvement in Digitally Innovative Schools
Authors: Pata Kai , Tammets Kairit , Väljataga Terje , Kori Külli , Laanpere Mart , Rõbtsenkov Romil 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study explores schools’ digital maturity self-evaluation reports’ data from Estonia. Based on quantitative data (N = 499) the schools that attempt digital transformation were clustered into three successive digital improvement types. The paper describes 3 main patterns of school improvement in different phases of innovative change: classroom innovation practices’ driven schools, participatory led structural change driven schools; and inclusive and evidence based change management type of schools. The defining variables for digital transformation towards new levels of digital maturity were teachers’ role, digital competences, learning organization culture, participatory management, inclusive leadership, structural changes and network, and IT-manager involvement to structural changes.
On Śālikanātha’s Critique of Īśvara and the Notions of God
Authors: Ye Alfred X. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe arguments against the existence of Īśvara that are advanced by Śālikanātha’s Prakaraṇapañcikā are quite peculiar and cryptic, due to both the idiosyncratic nature and opaque style of Śālikanātha’s writing. This has contributed to the difficulty in identifying the actual nature of the views that Śālikanātha opposes. This article analyses the framework by which Śālikanātha interrogates the concept of Īśvara and discusses the possible sources of his arguments. It shows, contrary to the conclusions of past scholarship, that considerations of both Nyāya and Vaiśeṣika sources are certainly apparent in Śālikanātha’s formulation of his critique of Īśvara. This paper also discusses the possible sources from which Śālikanātha derives the notion of Īśvara as the creator of the Vedas. It concludes that rather than any Nyāya or Vaiśeṣika sources, it is most likely that Śālikanātha derives this notion of Īśvara from Kumārila, who potentially has Yoga opponent in mind.
Best Practices in Structural Neuroimaging of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Backhausen Lea L. , Herting Megan M. , Tamnes Christian K. , Vetter Nora C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractStructural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) offers immense potential for increasing our understanding of how anatomical brain development relates to clinical symptoms and functioning in neurodevelopmental disorders. Clinical developmental sMRI may help identify neurobiological risk factors or markers that may ultimately assist in diagnosis and treatment. However, researchers and clinicians aiming to conduct sMRI studies of neurodevelopmental disorders face several methodological challenges. This review offers hands-on guidelines for clinical developmental sMRI. First, we present brain morphometry metrics and review evidence on typical developmental trajectories throughout adolescence, together with atypical trajectories in selected neurodevelopmental disorders. Next, we discuss challenges and good scientific practices in study design, image acquisition and analysis, and recent options to implement quality control. Finally, we discuss choices related to statistical analysis and interpretation of results. We call for greater completeness and transparency in the reporting of methods to advance understanding of structural brain alterations in neurodevelopmental disorders.
Repetition Priming in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: De Wit Liselotte , Piai Vitoria , Thangwaritorn Pilar , Johnson Brynn , O’Shea Deirdre , Amofa Priscilla , Marsiske Michael , Kessels Roy P. C. , Schaefer Nancy , Smith Glenn 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe literature on repetition priming in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is inconsistent, with some findings supporting spared priming while others do not. Several factors may explain these inconsistencies, including AD severity (e.g., dementia vs. Mild Cognitive Impairment; MCI) and priming paradigm-related characteristics. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a quantitative summary of repetition priming in AD. We examined the between-group standard mean difference comparing repetition priming in AD dementia or amnestic MCI (aMCI; presumably due to AD) to controls. Thirty-two studies were selected, including 590 individuals with AD dementia, 267 individuals with amnestic MCI, and 703 controls. Our results indicated that both individuals with aMCI and AD dementia perform worse on repetition priming tasks than cognitively older adults. Paradigm-related moderators suggested that the effect size between studies comparing the combined aMCI or AD dementia group to cognitively healthy older adults was the highest for paradigms that required participants to produce, rather than identify, primes during the test phase. Our results further suggested that priming in AD is impaired for both conceptual and perceptual priming tasks. Lastly, while our results suggested that priming in AD is impaired for priming tasks that require deep processing, we were unable to draw firm conclusions about whether priming is less impaired in aMCI or AD dementia for paradigms that require shallow processing.
QEPro: An ability measure of emotional intelligence for managers in a French cultural environment
Authors: Haag Christophe , Bellinghausen Lisa , Jilinskaya-Pandey Mariya 
Published: April 2021

AbstractManagers’ interest in the concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has grown steadily due to an accumulation of published articles and books touting EI’s benefits. For over thirty years, many researchers have used or designed tools for measuring EI, most of which raise important psychometric, cultural and contextual issues. The aim of this article is to address some of the main limitations observed in previous studies of EI. By developing and validating QEPro we propose a new performance-based measure of EI based on a modified version of Mayer and Salovey’s (1997) four-branch model. QEPro is an ability EI measure specifically dedicated to managers and business executives in a French cultural environment (N = 1035 managers and executives). In order to increase both the ecological and the face validity of the test for the target population we used the Situational Judgment Tests framework and a theory-based item development and scoring approach. For all items, correct and incorrect response options were developed using established theories from the emotion and management fields. Our study showed that QEPro has good psychometric qualities such as high measurement precision and internal consistency, an appropriate level of difficulty and a clear factorial structure. The tool also correlates in meaningful and theoretically congruent ways with general intelligence, Trait EI measures, the Big Five factors of personality, and the Affect measures used in this study. For all these reasons, QEPro is a promising tool for studying the role of EI competencies in managerial outcomes.
Does deviation from a balanced time perspective meaningfully relate to alcohol use and symptoms of anxiety and depression? Comparing results using DBTP and DBTP-r
Authors: McKay Michael T. , Cole Jon C. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTime perspective research examines the way in which thoughts and/or feelings about the past, present, and future influence behavior, and deviation from a balanced time perspective (DBTP) has been suggested to be functionally disadvantageous. Recently a revised formula (DBTP-r) was suggested for the derivation of DBTP scores. The present study examined the relationship between self-reported alcohol use and both symptoms of anxiety and depression, with scores on the DBTP and the DBTP-r. Participants (N = 940, 48.09% Male) were recruited as part of a University project and completed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory. In analyses adjusted for age and sex, DBTP and DBTP-r performed similarly in relation to mental health symptomatology, while only DBTP-r was significantly related to alcohol use. In more adjusted models, more variance was explained in DBTP-r models although neither DBTP score was significantly related to either alcohol use or symptomatology scores when they were operationalised categorically. DBTP-r appears to discriminate better than DBTP, with the caveat that this is the first study to compare them.
Outcome of Radical Surgery for Simultaneous Liver and Lung Metastases Synchronous with Primary Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Singhartinger Franz Xaver , Varga Martin , Jäger Tarkan , Dinnewitzer Adam , Koch Oliver , von Rahden Burkhard H. A. , Hutter Jörg , Emmanuel Klaus 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) leads to metastatic disease in approximately 30% of patients. In patients with newly diagnosed CRC with both liver and lung metastases, curative resection is rarely possible. The aim of this study is to evaluate the overall (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) rates of these patients after resection with curative intent.

Methods
This study is a retrospective analysis of colorectal cancer patients (n=8, median age 54.3 years) with simultaneous liver and lung metastasis undergoing resection with curative intent between May 1st, 2002, to December 31st, 2016, at our institution.

Results
Colon was the primary tumour site in 2 patients and rectum in 6 patients. The median number of liver and lung metastases was 3 and 2, respectively. Patients received various treatment sequences individualized on tumour disease burden. R0 resection was achieved after all but one procedure. Two severe Clavien-Dindo grade IIIb complications were present. Median hospital stay was 9 (3–24) days per procedure. Tumour relapse was observed in all patients with median RFS of 9 (3–28) months and median OS of 40 (17–52) months. In 4 cases, where repeated resection of recurrent metastases (3 liver and 1 lung) was possible, the median OS was 43 months.

Conclusion
Our data suggests that patients seem to benefit from resection with curative intent, with tendency to prolonged OS and with acceptable complication rate. Tumour recurrence occurred in all patients. Repeated resection was beneficial and led to further prolonged OS.
On-surface activation of benzylic C-H bonds for the synthesis of pentagon-fused graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Xu Xiushang , Di Giovannantonio Marco , Urgel José I. , Pignedoli Carlo A. , Ruffieux Pascal , Müllen Klaus , Fasel Roman , Narita Akimitsu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGraphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have potential for applications in electronic devices. A key issue, thereby, is the fine-tuning of their electronic characteristics, which can be achieved through subtle structural modifications. These are not limited to the conventional armchair, zigzag, and cove edges, but also possible through incorporation of non-hexagonal rings. On-surface synthesis enables the fabrication and visualization of GNRs with atomically precise chemical structures, but strategies for the incorporation of non-hexagonal rings have been underexplored. Herein, we describe the on-surface synthesis of armchair-edged GNRs with incorporated five-membered rings through the C-H activation and cyclization of benzylic methyl groups. Ortho-Tolyl-substituted dibromobianthryl was employed as the precursor monomer, and visualization of the resulting structures after annealing at 300 °C on a gold surface by high-resolution noncontact atomic force microscopy clearly revealed the formation of methylene-bridged pentagons at the GNR edges. These persisted after annealing at 340 °C, along with a few fully conjugated pentagons having singly-hydrogenated apexes. The benzylic methyl groups could also migrate or cleave-off, resulting in defects lacking the five-membered rings. Moreover, unexpected and unique structural rearrangements, including the formation of embedded heptagons, were observed. Despite the coexistence of different reaction pathways that hamper selective synthesis of a uniform structure, our results provide novel insights into on-surface reactions en route to functional, non-benzenoid carbon nanomaterials.
Modeling directional distributions of wind data in the United Arab Emirates at different elevations
Authors: Al Yammahi Aishah , Marpu Prashanth R. , Ouarda Taha B. M. J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractModeling wind speed and direction are crucial in several applications such as the estimation of wind energy potential and the study of the long-term effects on engineering structures. While there have been several studies on modeling wind speed, studies on modeling wind direction are limited. In this work, we use a mixture of von Mises distributions to model wind direction. Finite mixtures of von Mises (FMVM) distributions are used to model wind directions at two sites in the United Arab Emirates. The parameters of the FMVM distribution are estimated using the least square method. The results of the research show that the FMVM is the best suited distribution model to fit wind direction at these two sites, compared to other distributions commonly used to model wind direction.
Sustainable Measures for Protection of Structures Against Earthquake Induced Liquefaction
Authors: Madabhushi Gopal S. P. , Garcia-Torres Samy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSoil liquefaction can cause excessive damage to structures as witnessed in many recent earthquakes. The damage to small/medium-sized buildings can lead to excessive death toll and economic losses due to the sheer number of such buildings. Economic and sustainable methods to mitigate liquefaction damage to such buildings are therefore required. In this paper, the use of rubble brick as a material to construct earthquake drains is proposed. The efficacy of these drains to mitigate liquefaction effects was investigated, for the first time to include the effects of the foundations of a structure by using dynamic centrifuge testing. It will be shown that performance of the foundation in terms of its settlement was improved by the rubble brick drains by directly comparing them to the foundation on unimproved, liquefiable ground. The dynamic response in terms of horizontal accelerations and rotations will be compared. The dynamic centrifuge tests also yielded valuable information with regard to the excess pore pressure variation below the foundations both spatially and temporally. Differences of excess pore pressures between the improved and unimproved ground will be compared. Finally, a simplified 3D finite element analysis will be introduced that will be shown to satisfactorily capture the settlement characteristics of the foundation located on liquefiable soil with earthquake drains.
On robust estimation of negative binomial INARCH models
Authors: Elsaied Hanan , Fried Roland 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe discuss robust estimation of INARCH models for count time series, where each observation conditionally on its past follows a negative binomial distribution with a constant scale parameter, and the conditional mean depends linearly on previous observations. We develop several robust estimators, some of them being computationally fast modifications of methods of moments, and some rather efficient modifications of conditional maximum likelihood. These estimators are compared to related recent proposals using simulations. The usefulness of the proposed methods is illustrated by a real data example.