bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of dementia assessment services for people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Gardner Emile , Slater Sean 
Published: August 2021

Purpose
This paper aims to describe three dementia assessment services for people with intellectual disabilities to provide professionals with insight into planning this type of service.

Design/methodology/approach
Three services in England were contacted via email and telephone to collect data on their service provision. They were asked about the average age of individuals when receiving a baseline assessment, frequency of follow-up assessment, assessment instruments used and descriptive aspects of their services.

Findings
All three services offered proactive dementia assessment services to people with Down's syndrome (DS), with one service providing systematic screening via the GP. None offered proactive screening to people with intellectual disabilities who did not have a diagnosis of DS. All offered reactive assessment to this population if they experienced a decline in function. Services differed in terms of age at which baseline assessments were offered, frequency of follow-up and instruments used.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to compare dementia assessment provision between different services in England.
Long‐term empirical evidence shows post‐disturbance climate controls post‐fire regeneration
Authors: Guz Jaclyn , Gill Nathan S. , Kulakowski Dominik 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Increased wildfire activity and climate change have intensified disturbance regimes globally and have raised concern among scientists and land managers about the resilience of disturbed landscapes. Here we test the effects of climate, topographic variation and pre‐fire stand structure on regeneration in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) forests following high‐severity fire over the past seven decades.

We surveyed lodgepole pine regeneration 8–67 years after eight high‐severity fires in western Colorado and southern Wyoming. We used dendroecological methods and machine learning to (a) identify temporal trends in post‐fire regeneration and (b) examine influences of climate on post‐fire regeneration, with focus on post‐fire establishment, initial post‐fire density and radial growth.

All burned sites reached a median stocking density of ≥150 seedlings/ ha, but there was a large range of spatial heterogeneity, with regeneration being absent or scarce in many plots, implying a trend of increasing patchiness with likely cascading effects on subsequent patterns and processes. Our analysis indicated that (a) post‐fire regeneration is influenced by pre‐fire stand structure (stand age and density), elevation and post‐fire minimum temperature; (b) pre‐fire densities of >14,000 stems/ha promoted successful stocking (≥150 seedlings/ha) and reduced lag between the disturbance and initial regeneration; and (c) minimum post‐fire temperatures >−1.6°C reduced lag of initial regeneration and promoted initial radial growth.

Synthesis. Our study demonstrates that lodgepole pine in high‐elevation forests are regenerating following fires under recent climatic trends, but that regeneration is affected by post‐fire climatic conditions. Importantly, forest patchiness may be increasing in a way that affects future ecological dynamics and may compromise the resilience of these systems.
The choline dehydrogenase BetA of Acinetobacter baumannii: a flavoprotein responsible for osmotic stress protection
Authors: Breisch Jennifer , Bendel Melanie , Averhoff Beate 
Published: August 2021

SummaryAcinetobacter baumannii is outstanding for its ability to cope with low water activities which significantly contributes to its persistence in hospital environments. The vast majority of bacteria are able to prevent loss of cellular water by amassing osmoactive compatible solutes or their precursors into the cytoplasm. One such precursor of an osmoprotectant is choline that is taken up from the environment and oxidized to the compatible solute glycine betaine. Here, we report the identification of the osmotic stress operon betIBA in A. baumannii. This operon encodes the choline oxidation pathway important for the production of the solute glycine betaine. The salt‐sensitive phenotype of a betA deletion strain could not be rescued by addition of choline, which is consistent with the role of BetA in choline oxidation. We found that BetA is a choline dehydrogenase but also mediates in vitro the oxidation of glycine betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine. BetA was found to be associated with the membrane and to contain a flavin, indicative for BetA donating electrons into the respiratory chain. The choline dehydrogenase activity was not salt dependent but was stimulated by the compatible solute glutamate.
Lethal small bowel obstruction due to pica
Authors: Busch Johannes Rødbro , Löchte Lars , Lindh Anna‐Sofia , Jacobsen Christina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUp to 25% of institutionalized patients with cognitive deficiencies display pica‐like behavior, with an estimated annual incidence of small bowel obstruction of 2%. We present a case based on the forensic autopsy of a 41‐year‐old woman who died as a result of a missed diagnosis of small bowel obstruction after ingesting a foreign body. The case underlines the importance of precaution when treating patients with cognitive deficiency and/or language deficits and gastrointestinal symptoms. In such cases, it is important to employ a liberal threshold for radiological investigations and, if possible, obtain a medical history from a person close to the patient.
Artificial intelligence‐enhanced echocardiography in the emergency department
Authors: Stewart Jonathon E , Goudie Adrian , Mukherjee Ashes , Dwivedi Girish 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA focused cardiac ultrasound performed by an emergency physician is becoming part of the standard assessment of patients in a variety of clinical situations. The development of inexpensive, portable handheld devices promises to make point‐of‐care ultrasound even more accessible over the coming decades. Many of these handheld devices are beginning to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) for image analysis. The integration of AI into focused cardiac ultrasound will have a number of implications for emergency physicians. This perspective presents an overview of the current state of AI research in echocardiography relevant to the emergency physician, as well as the future possibilities, challenges and risks of this technology.
Stabilization of Lycium ruthenicum Murr. anthocyanins by natural polyphenol extracts
Authors: Luan Guangxiang , Wang Yuwei , Ouyang Jian , He Yanfeng , Zhou Wu , Dong Qi , Wang Honglun , Hu Na 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnthocyanins are a group of flavonoids widely used as natural pigments and in functional foods. However, the sensitivity of anthocyanins to environment factors limits their utilization. The present study examined the stabilizing effects of polyphenol extracts from raspberry, sea‐buckthorn, Lonicera edulis, and blackcurrant on Lycium ruthenicum Murr (LRM)‐derived anthocyanins. After light and heat exposure, contents of total anthocyanins and the monomers were detected with the pH differential method and the HPLC. Remarkably, polyphenol extracts from raspberry, Lonicera edulis and blackcurrant extended the half‐lives of anthocyanins, while the effect of the sea‐buckthorn extracts was negligible. Noticeably, petunidin‐3‐O‐[6‐O‐(4‐O‐trans‐p‐coumaroyl‐alpha‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl)‐beta‐D‐glucopyranoside]‐5‐O‐[beta‐D‐glucopyranoside], the major component of LRM‐derived anthocyanins, exhibited a dramatic increase in half‐life with the presence of polyphenol extracts from raspberry, Lonicera edulis, and blackcurrant. In summary, our findings suggest the polyphenol extracts could be developed into copigments for stabilization of anthocyanins.
Effect of cavitation jets on the physicochemical properties and structural characteristics of the okara protein
Authors: Wu Changling , He Mingyu , Zheng Li , Tian Tian , Teng Fei , Li Yang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe structural andphysicochemical properties of okara protein (OP) subjected to different cavitation jet (CJ) treatment times (0–15 min) were analyzed. In this study, the microstructure and apparent morphology of OP were analyzed by Raman spectrum, fluorescence spectrum, sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Physicochemical properties, such as emulsion ability (EA), emulsion stability index (ESI), foaming characteristics (FC), foaming stability (FS), and solubility analysis of the OPs, were characterized. Raman spectrum analysis showed that CJ treatment caused increases in the ordered structure of OPs (α‐helix, β‐sheet, and β‐turn), and the disulfide bond g‐g‐g and g‐g‐t modes, while it caused a decrease in the t‐g‐t mode. However, the tertiary structure of OP unfolded and mostly degraded into small subunits because of higher cavitation, shear and temperature effects. AFM observation indicated that CJ resulted in a more uniform distribution of OP. Moreover, changes in the structure of OP significantly affected its functional properties. The results showed that when CJ treatment time was 10 min, the solubility of OP was up to (28.72 ± 1.26)%, the soluble protein content of okara was up to (10.44 ± 0.03) g/100 g, and interface properties were better. In summary, OP has great potential for application in the food area, especially in emulsifying agent and foam system.Practical ApplicationThe cavitation jet technology improves the structure and physical and chemical properties of the protein extracted from soybean residue (okara) and provides new ideas for the further development and utilization of soybean residue protein, which may lead to the production of high‐value‐added functional ingredients from the processing of soybean byproducts.
Joint identification of sex and sex‐linked scaffolds in non‐model organisms using low depth sequencing data
Authors: Nursyifa Casia , Brüniche‐Olsen Anna , Garcia‐Erill Genis , Heller Rasmus , Albrechtsen Anders 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBeing able to assign sex to individuals and identify autosomal and sex‐linked scaffolds are essential in most population genomic analyses. Non‐model organisms often have genome assemblies at scaffold‐level and lack characterization of sex‐linked scaffolds. Previous methods to identify sex and sex‐linked scaffolds have relied on synteny between the non‐model organism and a closely related species or prior knowledge about the sex of the samples to identify sex‐linked scaffolds. In the latter case, the difference in depth of coverage between the autosomes and the sex chromosomes are used. Here, we present “sex assignment through coverage” (SATC), a method to assign sex to samples and identify sex‐linked scaffolds from next generation sequencing (NGS) data. The method works for species with a homogametic/heterogametic sex determination system and only requires a scaffold‐level reference assembly and sampling of both sexes with whole genome sequencing (WGS) data. We use the sequencing depth distribution across scaffolds to jointly identify: (i) male and female individuals, and (ii) sex‐linked scaffolds. This is achieved through projecting the scaffold depths into a low‐dimensional space using principal component analysis (PCA) and subsequent Gaussian mixture clustering. We demonstrate the applicability of our method using data from five mammal species and a bird species complex. The method is freely available at https://github.com/popgenDK/SATC as R code and a graphical user interface (GUI).
Chemogenetic inhibition of corticostriatal circuits reduces cued reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking
Authors: Kearns Angela M. , Siemsen Benjamin M. , Hopkins Jordan L. , Weber Rachel A. , Scofield Michael D. , Peters Jamie , Reichel Carmela M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMethamphetamine (meth) causes enduring changes within the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the nucleus accumbens (NA). Projections from the mPFC to the NA have a distinct dorsal‐ventral distribution, with the prelimbic (PL) mPFC projecting to the NAcore, and the infralimbic (IL) mPFC projecting to the NAshell. Inhibition of these circuits has opposing effects on cocaine relapse. Inhibition of PL‐NAcore reduces cued reinstatement of cocaine seeking and IL‐NAshell inhibition reinstates cocaine seeking. Meth, however, exhibits a different profile, as pharmacological inhibition of either the PL or IL decrease cued reinstatement of meth‐seeking. The potentially opposing roles of the PL‐NAcore and IL‐NAshell projections remain to be explored in the context of cued meth seeking. Here we used an intersectional viral vector approach that employs a retrograde delivery of Cre from the NA and Cre‐dependent expression of DREADD in the mPFC, in both male and female rats to inhibit or activate these parallel pathways. Inhibition of the PL‐NAcore circuit reduced cued reinstatement of meth seeking under short and long‐access meth self‐administration and after withdrawal with and without extinction. Inhibition of the IL‐NAshell also decreased meth cued reinstatement. Activation of the parallel circuits was without an effect. These studies show that inhibition of the PL‐NAcore or the IL‐NAshell circuits can inhibit reinstated meth seeking. Thus, the neural circuitry mediating cued reinstatement of meth seeking is similar to cocaine in the dorsal, but not ventral, mPFC‐NA circuit.
Acute kidney injury in infants with hypothermia‐treated hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy: An observational population‐based study
Authors: Robertsson Grossmann Katarina , Bárány Peter , Blennow Mats , Chromek Milan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo describe incidence and outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI) in infants with hypothermia‐treated hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE).MethodsThis observational population‐based study included all term and near‐term infants with hypothermia‐treated HIE born between 2007 and 2009 in greater Stockholm. The KDIGO definition modified for neonatal patients was used to identify infants with AKI. We analysed association between AKI and neonatal morbidity/mortality. Furthermore, we calculated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at the age of 10–12 years.ResultsOut of 83,939 live births in the Stockholm region, 66 infants underwent hypothermia treatment due to HIE. Out of 65 included infants, 45% suffered AKI. Degree of AKI correlated with HIE severity. One infant needed kidney replacement therapy; others were treated conservatively. AKI was associated with increased mortality and need for blood products (p < 0.05). eGFR at age 10–12 years was available for 72% of survivors. Nine children (21%) had subnormal eGFR, with no difference between those with and without a history of neonatal AKI.ConclusionDespite therapeutic hypothermia, AKI remains a common complication in infants with HIE and is associated with increased neonatal mortality. Twenty‐one per cent of children had subnormal eGFR at 10–12 years, highlighting the need for long‐term follow‐up of renal function.
“It was rigged”: Different types of identification predict activism and radicalism in the U.S. 2020 election
Authors: Wagoner Joseph A. , Rinella Mark J. , Barreto Nicolas B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhat motivated Trump Supporters to storm the US Capitol in protest of the US Election results? We examined how different dimensions of an identification (Trump, Republican) predicted intentions to engage in activism or radicalism in the wake of the 2020 US Presidential Election. We sampled self‐identified Republicans 3 weeks before (N = 273), and 10 days after (N = 277), the US Capitol Insurrection. We separately measured identification as a Republican and Trump Supporter before assessing people's perception that the 2020 Election was illegitimate. We then assessed two emotions (anger, contempt) and two forms of collective action intentions (activism, radicalism). Both studies showed that stronger Trump identification, but weaker Republican identification, predicted perceptions that the 2020 US Election was illegitimate. Perceptions of illegitimacy predicted feelings of anger and contempt, which differently predicted normative and nonnormative collective action. Results suggest that different dimensions of identification predispose people to different perceptions of events and, consequently, harbor different action intentions.
Para‐aminosalicylic acid significantly reduced tenofovir exposure in human subjects: Mismatched findings from in vitro to in vivo translational research
Authors: Parvez Md Masud , Kalkisim Said , Nguyen Phuong Thi Thu , Jung Jin Ah , Park Jeong‐Kon , Ghim Jong‐Lyul , Kim Eun‐Young , Cho Yong‐Soon , Babaoglu Melih O. , Shin Jae‐Gook 
Published: August 2021

AimsTenofovir and para‐aminosalicylic acid (PAS) may be coprescribed to treat patients with concomitant infections of human immunodeficiency virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. Both drugs are known to have remarkable renal uptake transporter‐mediated clearance. Owing to the lack of clinical studies on drug–drug interaction between the 2 drugs, we conducted a translational clinical study to investigate the effect of PAS on tenofovir pharmacokinetics (PK).MethodsInitially, we studied in vitro renal uptake transporter‐mediated drug–drug interactions using stably transfected cells with human organic anion transporters (OAT1 and OAT3). Later, we estimated clinical drug interactions using static and physiologically based PK modelling. Finally, we investigated the effects of PAS‐calcium formulation (PAS‐Ca) on tenofovir disoproxil fumarate PK in healthy male Korean subjects.ResultsPAS inhibited OAT1‐ and OAT3‐mediated tenofovir uptake in vitro. The physiologically based PK drug–drug interaction model suggested a 1.26‐fold increase in tenofovir peak plasma concentration when coadministered with PAS. By contrast, an open‐label, randomized, crossover clinical trial evaluating the effects of PAS‐Ca on tenofovir PK showed significantly altered geometric mean ratio (90% confidence intervals) of maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve (AUC0‐inf) by 0.33 (0.28–0.38) and 0.29 (0.26–0.33), respectively.ConclusionOur study findings suggest that the PAS‐Ca formulation significantly reduced systemic exposure to tenofovir through an unexplained mechanism, which was contrary to the initial prediction. Caution should be exercised while predicting in vivo PK profiles from in vitro data, particularly when there are potential confounders such as pharmaceutical interactions.
Contribution of dipeptidyl peptidase 10 to airway dysfunction in patients with NSAID‐exacerbated respiratory disease
Authors: Sim Soyoon , Choi Youngwoo , Lee Dong‐Hyun , Lee Hee‐Ra , Seob Shin Yoo , Park Hae‐Sim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundGenetic variants of dipeptidyl peptidase 10 (DPP10) have been suggested to contribute to the development of NSAID‐exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD). However, the mechanisms of how DPP10 contributes to NERD phenotypes remain unclear.ObjectiveTo demonstrate the exact role of DPP10 in the pathogenesis of NERD.MethodsPatients with NERD (n = 110), those with aspirin‐tolerant asthma (ATA,n = 130) and healthy control subjects (HCs,n = 80) were enrolled. Clinical characteristics were analysed according to the serum DPP10 levels in both NERD and ATA groups. The function of DPP10 in airway inflammation and remodelling was investigated within vitro,ex vivoandin vivoexperiments.ResultsNERD patients had higher levels of serum DPP10 and TGF‐β1 with lower FEV1than ATA patients or HCs (p < .05 for each). NERD patients with higher DPP10 levels had higher TGF‐β1, but lower FEV1(p < .05 for all), whilst no differences were noted in ATA patients. Moreover, the seum DPP10 levels had a positive correlation with TGF‐β1 (r = 0.384,p < .001), but a negative correlation with FEV1(r = −0.230,p = .016) in NERD patients. Inin vitrostudies, expression of DPP10 in airway epithelial cells was enhanced by TGF‐β1 treatments. Furthermore, DPP10 was found to be produced from immune cells and this molecule induced the ERK phosphorylation in airway epithelial cells, which was suppressed by anti‐DPP10 treatment. In asthmatic mouse models, increased levels of DPP10 in the serum and TGF‐β1 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were noted, which were suppressed by anti‐DPP10 treatment. Moreover, anti‐DPP10 treatment inhibited the ERK phosphorylation and extracellular matrix deposition in the lungs.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThese findings suggest that increased production of DPP10 may contribute to TGF‐β1‐mediated airway dysfunction in NERD patients, where blockade of DPP10 may have potential benefits.
GONAD: A new method for germline genome editing in mice and rats
Authors: Namba Masumi , Kobayashi Tomoe , Koyano Takayuki , Kohno Mayumi , Ohtsuka Masato , Matsuyama Makoto 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecent advances in the CRISPR/Cas9 system have demonstrated it to be an efficient gene‐editing technology for various organisms. Laboratory mice and rats are widely used as common models of human diseases; however, the current standard method to create genome‐engineered animals is laborious and involves three major steps: isolation of zygotes from females, ex vivo micromanipulation of zygotes, and implantation into pseudopregnant females. To circumvent this, we recently developed a novel method named Genome‐editing via Oviductal Nucleic Acids Delivery (GONAD). This method does not require the ex vivo handling of embryos; instead, it can execute gene editing with just one step, via the delivery of a genome‐editing mixture into embryos in the oviduct, by electroporation. Here, we present a further improvement of GONAD that is easily applicable to both mice and rats. It is a rapid, low‐cost, and ethical approach fulfilling the 3R principles of animal experimentation: Reduction, Replacement, and Refinement. This method has been reconstructed and renamed as “improved GONAD (i‐GONAD)” for mice, and “rat improved GONAD (rGONAD)” for rats.
Investigation of relapse rate and factors affecting relapse after oral isotretinoin treatment in patients with acne vulgaris
Authors: Demirci Saadet Elif 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOral isotretinoin is the most effective treatment option used in acne treatment. However, varying rates of relapse have been reported after oral isotretinoin therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors that affect relapse after oral isotretinoin treatment in patients with acne. In this cross‐sectional study, 212 patients with acne using 0.3–1 mg/kg/day oral isotretinoin for at least 4 months were analyzed retrospectively regarding relapse frequency and factors that affected relapse. In the study, the female‐to‐male ratio was 3.15, with a mean age of 23.5 ± 6.2 years. The relapse rate was found as 37.3%. The median time to relapse was 10 months. The relapse rate was higher in younger patients (age ≤ 20 years), macrocomedone‐type acne, and those with residual lesions at the end of the treatment (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). To prevent relapse in patients with acne using oral isotretinoin, it is of great importance to continue the treatment until complete clinical improvement, and extend the treatment for at least one more month regardless of the cumulative dose. Relapse may also occur with younger age and macrocomedone‐type acne.