bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interfacial characteristics and in vitro digestion of emulsion coated by single or mixed natural emulsifiers: lecithin and/or rice glutelin hydrolysates
Authors: Yan Jiakai , Yang Zhenyu , Qiao Xin , Kong Zhihao , Dai Lei , Wu Jianyong , Xu Xingfeng , McClements David Julian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe interfacial characteristics and in vitro digestion of emulsion were related to emulsifier type. The mean droplet diameter, ζ‐potential, microstructure, interfacial tension, Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D) and in vitro gastrointestinal fate of emulsions stabilized by soybean lecithin, hydrolyzed rice glutelin (HRG) and their mixture were researched.RESULTSThe value of interfacial tension was much more dramatically declined for the sample containing 20 g kg−1 of HRG. For QCM‐D, a rigid layer was formed for all the samples after rinsing. The layer thickness was 0.87 ± 0.20, 2.11 ± 0.31 and 2.63 ± 0.22 nm, and adsorbed mass was 87.17 ± 10.31, 210.56 ± 20.12 and 263.09 ± 23.23 ng cm−2, for HRG, lecithin and HRG/lecithin, respectively, indicating both HRG and lecithin were adsorbed at the oil–water interface. Structural rearrangements at the interface occurred for HRG/lecithin. The kinetics and final amount of lipid digestion depended on emulsifier type: lecithin > HRG/lecithin > HRG. These differences in digestion rate were primarily due to differences in the aggregation state of the emulsifiers.CONCLUSIONThe incorporation of lecithin into HRG emulsions had better interfacial properties comparing with HRG emulsion and facilitated lipid digestibility. These results provide important information for the rational design of plant‐based functional food. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Rapid and non‐destructive freshness evaluation of squid by FTIR coupled with chemometric techniques
Authors: Xu Zheng , Zhu Shichen , Wang Wenjie , Liu Shulai , Zhou Xuxia , Dai Wangli , Ding Yuting 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDFreshness is an important quality of squid with respect to determining the market price. The methods of evaluation of freshness fail to be widely used as a result of the lack of rapidity and quantitation. In the present study, a rapid and non‐destructive quantification of squid freshness by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra combined with chemometric techniques was performed.RESULTSThe relatively linear content change of trimethylamine (TMA‐N) and dimethylamine (DMA‐N) of squid during storage at 4 °C indicated their feasibility as a freshness indicator, as also confirmed by sensory evaluation. The spectral changes were mainly caused by the degradation of proteins and the production of amines by two‐dimensional infrared correlation spectroscopy, among which TMA‐N, DMA‐N and putrescine were the main amines. The successive projections algorithm (SPA) was employed to select the sensitive wavenumbers to freshness for modeling prediction including partial least‐squares regression, support vector regression (SVR) and back‐propagation artificial neural network. Generally, the SPA‐SVR model of the selected characteristic wavenumber showed a higher prediction accuracy for DMA‐N (R2P = 0.951; RMSEP = 0.218), whereas both SPA‐SVR (R2P = 0.929; RMSEP = 2.602) and Full‐SVR (R2P = 0.941; RMSEP = 2.492) models had a higher predictive ability of TMA‐N.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study demonstrate that FTIR spectroscopy coupled with multivariate calibration shows significant potential for the prediction of freshness in squid. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
Understanding the flavor signature of the rice grown in different regions of China via metabolite profiling
Authors: Zhou Yiming , Chen Xiangyu , Zhu Siyi , Sun Min , Zhou Xiaoli 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDRice is the staple food of most people in China. The fragrance of rice varies from region to region, and high‐quality rice always has a pleasant aroma. To protect consumers from misleading information and fraud, and to serve the interests of high‐quality rice producers, and to develop a rice regional protection system in China, the phenotype of rice grown in different Chinese regions needs to be known. Thus the flavor phenotype of the rice cultivated in China is studied.RESULTSThe volatile organic compounds of rice samples in China have good classification potential and the 37 rice products investigated herein may be divided into three main categories: north‐eastern rice, central and southern rice, and Shanghai rice. Orthogonal projection to latent structure‐discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA) model exhibited a good discrimination for rice samples in China. Based on selected distinctive biomarker compounds, data‐driven soft independent modeling of class analogy was successfully applied to identifying the origin of samples. Moreover, the differential volatile compounds identified in this study endow the rice samples with distinctive flavor characteristics.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study are valuable in understanding the difference of flavor characteristics of rice grown in different regions of China, and in the identification of geographical origins to develop China's geographic protection product industry. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A digital driving method using pulse‐density modulation with a random dither matrix for higher motion image quality
Authors: Usui Takenobu , Nakajima Yoshiki , Shiga Tomokazu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe propose a new digital driving technique using pulse‐density modulation (PDM) with a random dither matrix for evenness of luminance uniformity and higher motion image quality. As a digital driving technique, pulse‐width modulation (PWM) is conventionally used for active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) displays in order to improve luminance uniformity. However, in PWM driving, it is difficult to realize high‐frame‐rate driving for improving motion image quality. On the other hand, it is considered that PDM driving method is effective to obtain high motion image quality because of non‐frame‐refreshing property. In the present paper, we proposed a PDM driving technique using a random dither matrix and evaluated the relationship between the display image quality and the driving frequency in the proposed method through simulations. As a result, it is confirmed that good image quality can be obtained by using a blue‐noise mask as a random dither matrix at a practical driving frequency. Moreover, we demonstrated the proposed technique using an actual AMOLED panel.
Factors Influencing a Clinician‐Scientist Career Path in Otolaryngology
Authors: Harris Jeffrey P. , Edstrom Olivia E. 
Published: November 2021

Objectives/HypothesisTo better understand the obstacles facing residents and K‐awardee faculty in choosing a clinician‐scientist career in otolaryngology.Study DesignAnonymous survey.MethodsAn anonymous, online Qualtrics survey was sent to residents participating in T32 training grants and K‐awardee junior faculty. The survey was sent to the residents with the permission of their program chair. The results of this survey were compiled and analyzed. A separate survey was sent to current K‐awardees in U.S. academic programs. Both surveys were then compared to a survey published in 2008 to determine if the concerns and obstacles faced by aspiring clinician‐scientists are still present.ResultsResidents felt that combining a research and clinical career presented many obstacles, including a lower salary, competition with PhDs for grant funding, and the lack of departmental support. Prolonging their training to include a fellowship was not a deterrent. Family/spousal issues which ranked as the primary concern previously were no longer given the same level of importance. The major concerns of K‐awardees were the economic disparity of clinician‐scientists with their clinical counterparts, the lack of mentors, and department support. Forty percent received their K‐award after first try, 100% after two revisions, and one has received an R grant funding.ConclusionsThe obstacles facing clinician‐scientists in otolaryngology are highlighted by this survey and require attention by our academic programs, National Institutes of Health, and specialty societies.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 132:1555–1560, 2022
Swidden agriculture in transition and its roles in tropical forest loss and industrial plantation expansion
Authors: Li Peng , Xiao Chiwei , Feng Zhiming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTropical forest and swidden agriculture are declining, while industrial tree plantations are continuously expanding due to a robust global demand for timber and pulp. However, little is known about the processes, trends and mechanisms of the tropical forest‐swidden‐plantation (TFSP) nexus. Global ongoing initiatives including the United Nations Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UN‐REDD Programme), not only have repeatedly emphasized the significance of conserving forests, reforestation and afforestation, but also pushed swidden agriculture to the forefront of a long‐standing international debate of climate change and biodiversity. Many facets limit our understanding of swidden agriculture and its roles in forest loss and plantations expansion. The lack of geographic and demographic data and their dynamics across the tropics undoubtedly further aggravates this situation since the first appeals for eradication of shifting cultivation by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in the late 1950s. Although recent studies have significantly enriched our knowledge of forest loss and plantation expansion, previous research has proceeded separately and has yet to be integrated under the umbrella of 'sustainable development of swidden agriculture'. Efforts are needed to investigate the dynamics of the TFSP nexus for the sake of a synergetic goal of climate mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and poverty alleviation.
A sprinkling of gold dust: Pine pollen as a carbon source in Baltic Sea coastal food webs
Authors: Liénart Camilla , Cirtwill Alyssa R. , Hedgespeth Melanie L. , Bradshaw Clare 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAllochthonous subsidies to marine ecosystems have mainly focused on biogeochemical cycles, but there has also been recent interest in how terrestrial carbon (C) influences marine food webs. In the Baltic Sea, pine (Pinus sylvestris) pollen is found in large amounts in shallow bays in early summer. Pollen is a significant C‐source in freshwater ecosystems and may also be important in coastal food webs. We examined the consumption of pollen and autochthonous resources by benthic invertebrates in shallow bays of the Baltic Sea. We used stable isotopes to estimate diets and reconstructed consumer‐resource networks (food webs) for grazers and particulate organic matter (POM)‐feeders to compare how these different guilds used pollen. We found thatP. sylvestrispollen was consumed in small amounts by a variety of animals and in some cases made up a sizeable proportion of invertebrates' diets. However, invertebrates generally depended less on pollen than other resources. The degree of pollen consumption was related to feeding traits, with generalist invertebrate grazers consuming more pollen (> 10% of diet) than the more specialist POM‐feeders (< 5% of diet contributed by pollen). POM‐feeders may consume additional microbially‐degraded pollen which was not identifiable in our model. We suggest that pollen is a small but substantial allochthonous C‐source in shallow bay food webs of the Baltic Sea, with the potential to affect the dynamics of these ecosystems.
Laser Writing of Color Centers
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Jie , Fang Hong‐Hua , Sun Fang‐Wen , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractColor centers, optically active defects within solids, are vital for leading quantum information technologies such as quantum computing and quantum sensing. An essential prerequisite for realizing scalable quantum architectures is the ability to create quantum emitters deterministically. In the last decades, significant efforts have been devoted to selectively generating color centers. One of the most used methods is high‐energy ion implantation. However, this method usually causes extended lattice damage along the entire trajectory because of ions bombardment. Moreover, the position depth of color centers is also limited by the ions penetrate length in crystals. The direct laser‐writing (DLW) technique has recently emerged as a powerful tool to create color centers in solid‐state materials. It can define color centers at arbitrary depths inside the substrate and operate at the ambient environment, therefore, providing a feasible 3D fabrication method for integrated quantum photonics. Here, recent advancements of laser writing of color centers in solid‐state materials are reviewed, from bulk crystals, such as diamond and silicon carbide, to nanostructures, involving single‐walled carbon nanotubes, 2D layered materials, and quantum dots.
Highly Photoluminescent Monolayer MoS2 and WS2 Achieved via Superacid Assisted Vacancy Reparation and Doping Strategy
Authors: Feng Qiushi , Sun Ying , Li Yuanzheng , Yan Jiaxu , Zhong Weiheng , Yang Guochun , Liu Weizhen , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChemical treatment of transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) by organic superacid bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonamide TFSI, has been proved as an effective route to reduce the density of sulfur vacancies and improve photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) of monolayer TMDs (1L‐TMDs). However, such kind of functional organic superacid is only limited to the TFSI so far, and the underlying mechanism of PL enhancement remains elusive. Here, a novel organic superacid trifluoromethanesulfonic (TFMS), which can significantly increase the PL QYs of 1L‐MoS2 and 1L‐WS2 to 14.1% and 56.7% respectively, the relatively higher PL QY values for chemical vapor deposition grown 1L‐TMDs is explored. Through in‐depth study and analysis with scanning transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory calculation, PL enhancement mechanism is attributed to a synergistic effect of TFMS‐induced p‐type doping and sulfur vacancy reparation. Especially, the respective function of [CF3SO3]− and H+ of TFMS played in superacid‐induced PL enhancement is clearly identified. The results not only enrich the functional superacid family that can remarkably improve the luminescence performance of TMDs, but also clearly reveal the PL enhancement mechanism of superacid‐treated TMDs.
Interpolarization Forward Stimulated Brillouin Scattering in Standard Single‐Mode Fibers
Authors: Diamandi Hilel Hagai , Bashan Gil , London Yosef , Sharma Kavita , Shemer Keren , Zadok Avi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractForward stimulated Brillouin scattering in standard single‐mode fibers draws increasing interest toward sensing and signal processing applications. The process takes place through two classes of guided acoustic modes: purely radial ones and torsional‐radial modes with twofold azimuthal symmetry. The latter case cannot be described in terms of scalar models alone. In this work, the polarization attributes of forward stimulated Brillouin scattering in single‐mode fibers are investigated in analysis and experiment. Torsional‐radial acoustic modes are stimulated by orthogonally polarized pump tones, a first such report in standard single‐mode fibers. The scattering of optical probe waves by torsional‐radial modes may take up the form of phase modulation, cross‐polarization coupling, or a combination of both, depending on polarization. Lastly, this analysis predicts that circular and orthogonal pump tones may stimulate acoustic vortex beams: torsional‐radial modes that are rotating. The rotation represents the transfer of angular momentum between the polarization degree of freedom of the light field and the acoustic wave.
NaAlSiO4: Eu2+ Glass Ceramics: Self‐Reduced In Situ Growth and High‐Power LED/LD Lighting
Authors: Li Xinyue , Yang Changbin , Qiu Liting , Wang Shaoxiong , Chen Yonghu , Yin Min , Chen Daqin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCurrently, exploiting luminescent materials with super thermal stability and high luminous efficiency are highly urgent to meet the needs of fast developing high‐power solid‐state lighting (SSL). Glass ceramic (GC) bulk material is an optimal medium with rigid glass network structure and controllable glass crystallization. Herein, an in situ glass crystallization strategy combined with self‐reduced Eu2+ is developed to fabricate Eu2+ doped NaAlSiO4 (NASO) GC composites in air. Structural and spectroscopic characterizations verify that the in situ precipitated NASO nanocrystals with high crystallization density can accommodate Eu2+ emitting centers in the same glass region, which facilitates the separation of Eu2+ dopants from glass into crystalline lattice without the requirement of long‐distance ionic diffusion and provides strong crystal‐field environment for Eu2+ 5d‐4f transition. Particularly, the present composites can produce intense greenish‐yellow emission with apparent photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of ≈70%, intrinsic PLQY of ≈100%, superior thermal stability with 90% PL remained at 150 °C and excellent water‐resistance. Employing NSAO: Eu2+ GC as a color converter, the performance of constructed light‐emitting diode (LED)/laser diode (LD) lighting devices is extraordinary and stable during long‐term working. These findings would expand the application of GC composites and open up new avenues for exploration of novel GC materials and glass crystallization strategies.
Molecularly Imprinted Hydrogels Selective to Ribavirin as New Drug Delivery Systems to Improve Efficiency of Antiviral Nucleoside Analogue: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study with Influenza A Virus
Authors: Ayari Mohamed G. , Favetta Patrick , Warszycki Dawid , Vasseur Virginie , Hervé Virginie , Degardin Pierre , Carbonnier Benjamin , Si‐Tahar Mustapha , Agrofoglio Luigi A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study describes the synthesis and evaluation of different imprinted hydrogels using ribavirin as template molecule. Ribavirin serves as a model molecule because it possesses a broad‐spectrum antiviral effect against RNA viruses, which are expected as emerging viruses. The choice of monomers enables to stabilize the pre‐polymerization complex and to synthesize biocompatible polymers. Predictive studies as well as experimental works conclude similar results on best ribavirin:monomers ratios. Thus, materials exhibit high selective cavities toward ribavirin. These affinities allow to show release profiles drastically different from the non‐imprinted ones at two temperatures. The imprinted materials show a sustained profile able to release antiviral for more than 24 h. The hydrogels obtained are biocompatible with model cells retained, human lung epithelial BEAS‐2B cells. Cell viability is excellent and pro‐inflammatory response is insignificant when imprinted polymers are incubated with cells. Finally, viral tests carried out on Influenza A infected lung cells show that imprinted delivery systems delivering 1 to 3 µg of antiviral have the same efficiency as a medium containing 30 µg mL−1 of active agent. As a very interesting result, the molecularly imprinted polymers as drug delivery systems allow to increase the local concentration of antiviral, to improve their delivery when its bioavailability is low.
Electrostatic Adsorption and Cytotoxity of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Loading Trace Metal Elements
Authors: Xie Li , Zhang Yue , Huang Ao , Zhou Ji , Lin Ning , Lu Xiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is the rod‐like nano‐object derived from natural cellulose with the features of low toxicity and good biocompatibility, widely used as the functional additive and nanomaterial in the biomedicine. Two negatively charged cellulose nanocrystals, CNC and TO‐CNC (surface oxidized CNC), are prepared by the sulfuric acid hydrolysis and further surface oxidization. Based on electrostatic adsorption, five trace metal elements (TMEs) including cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), lead (Pb), and cadmium (Cd) are loaded on the surface of two nanocrystals as the biocompatible nanocarriers. The adsorbed contents of TMEs on two nanocrystals are affected by their surface charge densities and the complexes can keep stability under three varied pH conditions. Two cell lines, viz. human nasopharyngeal cancer cell and normal human bronchial epithelial cell, are selected for the investigation of cytotoxity of these TME‐loaded nanocrystals at the concentration range of 0.1–500 µg mL−1. The high concentrations of TME‐loaded nanocrystals will induce the inhibition of cells activity and proliferation, particularly for Pb2+‐ and Cd2+‐loaded nanocrystals. The cancer cell generally exhibits more sensitivity of cytotoxity to these metal elements than the normal cell, which may be potentially used as the activity inhibitor for specific cells in the future study.
Fear of missing out in the digital age: The role of social media satisfaction and advertising engagement
Authors: Bui My (Myla) , Krishen Anjala S. , Anlamlier Eda , Berezan Orie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe explore the benefits and costs of social networking usage and examine the roles of need to belong and autonomy to contextualize the fear of missing out (FoMO) socio‐cultural phenomenon in the digital age. We utilize a self‐determination theory‐based framework for understanding how the FoMO phenomenon influences positive (negative) mood, information overload, social media satisfaction, and engagement with social media advertising. Study 1 explores how FoMO relates to positive mood through the need to belong. Study 2 demonstrates how FoMO impacts information overload through the mediation of social media interactivity. Furthermore, Study 2 shows how FoMO alters social media satisfaction, and this relationship is mediated by information overload and moderated by autonomy. Study 3 shows that negative emotions serve to mediate the effect of information overload on engagement with social media advertising. Finally, we discuss implications of this study to provide insight into how brand marketers can offer FoMO‐reducing mechanisms to consumers to ensure a high level of advertising engagement, how health advocates can leverage social media to promote meaningful engagement with consumers, and how industry practitioners may want to consider aspirational virtual events to create buzz while also satisfying consumers' need to belong to social groups.
Polymer Electrolytes as Energy‐Harvesting Materials to Capture Electrical Energy from Dynamic Mechanical Deformations
Authors: Cao Jinwei , Piedrahita Camilo Rendon , Kyu Thein 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIonic electroactive polymers (iEAPs) can generate electrical energy under bending deformations exhibiting great potential for fabricating energy harvesters from dynamic vibrating environments. According to a previous study, this flexoelectric energy‐harvesting potential is explored in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) assemblies subjected to intermittent square wave bending modes. The above study reveals that the mechanoelectrical transduction is likely to be the consequence of ion polarization under a pressure gradient across the PEM thickness. To further evaluate the applicability of the PEM assemblies for harvesting energy from dynamic environments, oscillatory bending deformation is applied in the present study, whereby the complex flexoelectric coefficient corresponding to dynamic capacitance exhibits strong frequency dependence. At very high oscillatory bending frequencies, the ionic clouds inside the PEM assemblies cannot be fully polarized, and thus the corresponding energy output tends to become smaller. However, the PEM assemblies having higher ionic conductivities can enhance energy output at high frequencies. Of particular interest is that the incorporated ionic liquid (IL) is not only capable of effectively plasticizing the polymer network, but also expediting the ionic conductivity, thereby enhancing the electrical energy output, which in turn provides important design guidance for efficient polymer energy harvesters.