bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human oral mucosa‐derived neural crest‐like stem cells differentiate into functional osteoprogenitors that contribute to regeneration of critical size calvaria defects
Authors: Lopez‐Letayf Sonia , Arie Ina , Araidy Shareef , Abu El‐Naaj Imad , Pitaru Sandu , Arzate Higinio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveRegeneration of large bony defects is an unmet medical need. The therapeutic effect of fully developed bony constructs engineered in vitro from mineralized scaffold and adult stem cells is hampered by deficient long‐term graft integration. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the regenerative capacity of a bony primordial construct consisting of human oral mucosa stem cells (hOMSC)‐derived osteoprogenitors and absorbable Gelfoam® sponges.MethodsGingiva and alveolar mucosa‐derived hOMSC were differentiated into osteoprogenitors (Runx2 and osterix positive) and loaded into Gelfoam® sponges to generate primordial hOMSC constructs. These were implanted into critical size calvaria defects in the rat. Defects treated with human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) constructs; Gelfoam® sponges and untreated defects served as controls.ResultsAfter 120‐day post‐implantation defects treated with hOMSC constructs, HDF constructs and gelatin and untreated defects exhibited 86%, 30%, 21%, and 9% of new bone formation, respectively. Immunofluorescence analysis for human nuclear antigen (HNA), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and osteocalcin (OCN) revealed viable hOMSC‐derived osteoblasts and osteocytes that formed most of the cell population of the newly formed bone at 30 and 120 days post surgery. Few HNA‐positive HDF that were negative for BSP and OCN were identified together with inflammatory cells in the soft tissue adjacent to new bone formation only at 30 days post implantation.ConclusionCollectively, the results demonstrate that primordial in vitro engineered constructs consisting of hOMSC‐derived osteoprogenitors and absorbable gelatin almost completely regenerate critical size defects in an immunocompetent xenogeneic animal by differentiating into functional osteoblasts that retain the immunomodulatory ability of naïve hOMSC.
HCV disease burden and population segments in Switzerland
Authors: Bihl Florian , Bruggmann Philip , Castro Batänjer Erika , Dufour Jean‐Francois , Lavanchy Daniel , Müllhaupt Beat , Negro Francesco , Razavi Homie , Scheidegger Claude , Semela David , Semmo Nasser , Blach Sarah 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSwitzerland has made strides towards hepatitis C virus elimination, but as of 2019, elimination was not guaranteed. However, political interest in viral hepatitis has been increasing. We sought to develop a better understanding of Switzerland's progress towards HCV elimination and the profile of remaining HCV‐RNA‐positive patients.MethodsA previously described Markov model was updated with recent diagnosis and treatment data and run to generate new forecasts for HCV disease burden. Two scenarios were developed to evaluate HCV morbidity and mortality under the status quo and a scenario that achieves the Swiss Hepatitis Strategy Elimination targets. Next, an analysis was conducted to identify population segments bearing a high burden of disease, where future elimination efforts could be directed.ResultsAt the beginning of 2020, an estimated 32 100 viremic infections remained in Switzerland (0.37% viremic prevalence). Adult (≥18 years of age) permanent residents born abroad represented the largest subpopulation, accounting for 56% of HCV infections. Thirteen countries accounted for ≥60% of viremic infections amongst permanent residents born abroad, with most people currently residing in Zurich, Vaud, Geneva, Bern, Aargau and Ticino. Amongst Swiss‐born HCV‐RNA‐positive persons, two‐thirds had a history of IDU, corresponding to 33% of total infections.ConclusionsIn Switzerland, extra efforts for diagnosis and linkage to care are warranted in foreign‐born populations and people with a history of drug use. Population‐level measures (eg increasing the number of providers, increase screening) can identify patients who may have otherwise fallen through the gaps or avoided care because of stigma.
Novel genome characteristics contribute to the invasiveness of Phragmites australis (common reed)
Authors: Oh Dong‐Ha , Kowalski Kurt P. , Quach Quynh N. , Wijesinghege Chathura , Tanford Philippa , Dassanayake Maheshi , Clay Keith 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe rapid invasion of the non‐native Phragmites australis (Poaceae, subfamily Arundinoideae) is a major threat to native wetland ecosystems in North America and elsewhere. We describe the first reference genome for P. australis and compare invasive (ssp. australis) and native (ssp. americanus) genotypes collected from replicated populations across the Laurentian Great Lakes to deduce genomic bases driving its invasive success. Here, we report novel genomic features including a Phragmites lineage‐specific whole genome duplication, followed by gene loss and preferential retention of genes associated with transcription factors and regulatory functions in the remaining duplicates. Comparative transcriptomic analyses revealed that genes associated with biotic stress and defence responses were expressed at a higher basal level in invasive genotypes, but native genotypes showed a stronger induction of defence responses when challenged by a fungal endophyte. The reference genome and transcriptomes, combined with previous ecological and environmental data, add to our understanding of mechanisms leading to invasiveness and support the development of novel, genomics‐assisted management approaches for invasive Phragmites.
A rice gene encoding glycosyl hydrolase plays contrasting roles in immunity depending on the type of pathogens
Authors: Kim Chi‐Yeol , Park Ju‐Young , Choi Gobong , Kim Seongbeom , Vo Kieu Thi Xuan , Jeon Jong‐Seong , Kang Seogchan , Lee Yong‐Hwan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBecause pathogens use diverse infection strategies, plants cannot use one‐size‐fits‐all defence and modulate defence responses based on the nature of pathogens and pathogenicity mechanism. Here, we report that a rice glycoside hydrolase (GH) plays contrasting roles in defence depending on whether a pathogen is hemibiotrophic or necrotrophic. The Arabidopsis thaliana MORE1 (Magnaporthe oryzae resistance 1) gene, encoding a member of the GH10 family, is needed for resistance against M. oryzae and Alternaria brassicicola, a fungal pathogen infecting A. thaliana as a necrotroph. Among 13 rice genes homologous to MORE1, 11 genes were induced during the biotrophic or necrotrophic stage of infection by M. oryzae. CRISPR/Cas9‐assisted disruption of one of them (OsMORE1a) enhanced resistance against hemibiotrophic pathogens M. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae but increased susceptibility to Cochliobolus miyabeanus, a necrotrophic fungus, suggesting that OsMORE1a acts as a double‐edged sword depending on the mode of infection (hemibiotrophic vs. necrotrophic). We characterized molecular and cellular changes caused by the loss of MORE1 and OsMORE1a to understand how these genes participate in modulating defence responses. Although the underlying mechanism of action remains unknown, both genes appear to affect the expression of many defence‐related genes. Expression patterns of the GH10 family genes in A. thaliana and rice suggest that other members also participate in pathogen defence.
Ambiguities in Pope Francis's Message of Mercy
Authors: Roy Louis 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis essay purports to discuss some of Pope Francis's ambiguities. It is divided into seven sections. I present his background. I acknowledge the significance of his message of mercy and, based on Bernard Lonergan and Ladislas Örsy, I show how mercy ought to be wisely practised. I discuss Francis's Bergsonian epistemology, which I deem inadequate. I deplore his ambiguities about uncertainty. I then proceed to detail two impasses, which he has not overcome, at least until now: the possibility of ordaining women to the priesthood and the possibility of admitting Gays and Lesbians to eucharistic communion. I finally conclude with an appeal to a constructive and critical dialogue.
Light‐dependent activation of HY5 promotes mycorrhizal symbiosis in tomato by systemically regulating strigolactone biosynthesis
Authors: Ge Shibei , He Liqun , Jin Lijuan , Xia Xiaojian , Li Lan , Ahammed Golam Jalal , Qi Zhenyu , Yu Jingquan , Zhou Yanhong 
Published: November 2021

Summary

Light quality affects mutualisms between plant roots and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs), which modify nutrient acquisition in plants. However, the mechanisms by which light systemically modulates root colonization by AMFs and phosphate uptake in roots remain unclear.

We used a range of approaches, including grafting techniques, protein immunoblot analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and dual‐luciferase assays, to unveil the molecular basis of light signal transmission from shoot to root that mediates arbuscule development and phosphate uptake in tomato.

The results show that shoot phytochrome B (phyB) triggers shoot‐derived mobile ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) protein accumulation in roots, and HY5 further positively regulates transcription of strigolactone (SL) synthetic genes, thus forming a shoot phyB‐dependent systemic signaling pathway that regulates the synthesis and accumulation of SLs in roots. Further experiments with carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 7 mutants and supplementary red light confirm that SLs are indispensable in the red‐light‐regulated mycorrhizal symbiosis in roots.

Our results reveal a phyB–HY5–SLs systemic signaling cascade that facilitates mycorrhizal symbiosis and phosphate utilization in plants. The findings provide new prospects for the potential application of AMFs and light manipulation to effectively improve nutrient utilization and minimize the use of chemical fertilizers and associated pollution.
Is there a role for lung‐protective ventilation in healthy children?
Authors: Heath Chloe , Hauser Neil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLung‐protective ventilation (LPV) has been adopted in the theater environment as a strategy to reduce pulmonary complications under anesthesia. Postoperative pulmonary complications are not infrequent and may have significant implications on the postoperative length of stay as well as the morbidity and mortality of pediatric patients. There is evidence in the adult literature to suggest that intraoperative LPV strategies may reduce the risk of such complications. The utility of LPV strategies in healthy children is not well researched, and the data from critical care studies appear to be conflicting. To ascertain the value of intraoperative LPV in pediatric patients, it is important to understand the pathophysiology of pediatric ventilator‐induced lung injury and the basis of LPV strategies. The current evidence in adult and pediatric populations, including pediatric intensive care, is reviewed to gain insight into the role and value of intraoperative LPV for pediatric patients.
The Cost Burden of Safety Risk Incidents on Construction: A Probabilistic Quantification Method
Authors: Alkaissy Maryam , Arashpour Mehrdad , Wakefield Ron , Hosseini Reza , Gill Peter 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe construction sector is vulnerable to safety risk incidents due to its dynamic nature. Although numerous research efforts and technological advancements have focused on addressing workplace injuries, most of the studies perform empirical and deterministic postimpact evaluations on construction project performance. The effective modeling of the safety risk impacts on project performance provides decisionmakers with a valuable tool toward incidents prevention and proper safety risk management. Therefore, this study collected Australian incident records from the construction industry from 2016 onwards and conducted discrete event simulation to quantitatively measure the impact of safety risk incidents on project cost performance. Moreover, this study investigated the correlation between safety risk incidents and the age of injured workers. The findings show a strong correlation between the middle‐aged workforce and the severity of incidents on project cost overruns. The ex‐ante, nondeterministic analysis of safety risk impacts on project performance provides insightful results that will advance safety management theory in the direction of achieving zero harm workplace environments.
The phosphoproteomic and interactomic landscape of qGL3/OsPPKL1‐mediated brassinosteroid signaling in rice
Authors: Gao Xiuying , Zhang Jiaqi , Li Jianbo , Wang Yuji , Zhang Rong , Du Huaying , Yin Jing , Cai Guang , Wang Ruqin , Zhang Baoyi , Zhao Zhuang , Zhang Hongsheng , Huang Ji 
Published: November 2021

SUMMARYOryza sativa L. (rice) is one of the most important crops in the world, and grain size is a major component determining rice yield. Recent studies have identified a number of grain size regulators, which are involved in phytohormone signaling, G protein signaling, the mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway, the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway or transcriptional regulation. In a previous study, we cloned qGL3/OsPPKL1 encoding a rice protein phosphatase that negatively modulates brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and grain length. Here, to further explore the qGL3‐mediated BR signaling network, we performed phosphoproteomic screenings using two pairs of rice materials: the indica rice cultivar 9311 and its near‐isogenic line NILqgl3 and the japonica rice cultivar Dongjin and its qGL3 knockout mutant m‐qgl3. Together with qGL3‐interacting proteins, we constructed the qGL3‐mediated network, which reveals the relationships between BR signaling and other critical signaling pathways. Transgenic plants of these network components showed BR‐related alterations in plant architecture. From this network, we validated a qGL3‐interacting protein, O. sativa VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3‐LIKE 1 (OsVIL1), and demonstrated that qGL3 dephosphorylates OsVIL1 to modulate BR signaling. The qGL3‐dependent network uncovered in this study increases our understanding of BR signaling and provides a profound foundation for addressing how BR modulates plant architecture in rice.
Effect of prophylactic dextrose gel on the neonatal gut microbiome
Authors: St Clair Sophie L , Harding Jane E , O’Sullivan Justin M , Gamble Gregory D , Alsweiler Jane M , Vatanen Tommi 
Published: December 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of prophylactic dextrose gel on the infant gut microbiome.DesignObservational cohort study nested in a randomised trial.SettingThree maternity hospitals in New Zealand.PatientsInfants at risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia whose parents consented to participation in the hypoglycaemia Prevention in newborns with Oral Dextrose trial (hPOD). Infants were randomised to receive prophylactic dextrose gel or placebo gel, or were not randomised and received no gel (controls). Stool samples were collected on days 1, 7 and 28.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was microbiome beta-diversity at 4 weeks. Secondary outcomes were beta-diversity, alpha-diversity, bacterial DNA concentration, microbial community stability and relative abundance of individual bacterial taxa at each time point.ResultsWe analysed 434 stool samples from 165 infants using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. There were no differences between groups in beta-diversity at 4 weeks (p=0.49). There were also no differences between groups in any other microbiome measures including beta-diversity (p=0.53 at day 7), alpha-diversity (p=0.46 for day 7 and week 4), bacterial DNA concentration (p=0.91), microbial community stability (p=0.52) and microbial relative abundance at genus level. There was no evidence that exposure to any dextrose gel (prophylaxis or treatment) had any effect on the microbiome. Mode of birth, type of milk fed, hospital of birth and ethnicity were all associated with differences in the neonatal microbiome.ConclusionsClinicians and consumers can be reassured that dextrose gel used for prophylaxis or treatment of neonatal hypoglycaemia does not alter the neonatal gut microbiome.Trial registration number12614001263684.
Applying topic modelling and qualitative content analysis to identify and characterise ENDS product promotion and sales on Instagram
Authors: Shah Neal , Nali Matthew , Bardier Cortni , Li Jiawei , Maroulis James , Cuomo Raphael , Mackey Tim K 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundIncreased public health and regulatory scrutiny concerning the youth vaping epidemic has led to greater attention to promotion and sales of vaping products on social media platforms.ObjectivesWe used unsupervised machine learning to identify and characterise sale offers of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and associated products on Instagram. We examined types of sellers, geographic ENDS location and use of age verification.MethodsOur methodology was composed of three phases: data collection, topic modelling and content analysis. We used data mining approaches to query hashtags related to ENDS product use among young adults to collect Instagram posts. For topic modelling, we applied an unsupervised machine learning approach to thematically categorise and identify topic clusters associated with selling activity. Content analysis was then used to characterise offers for sale of ENDS products.ResultsFrom 70 725 posts, we identified 3331 engaged in sale of ENDS products. Posts originated from 20 different countries and were roughly split between individual (46.3%) and retail sellers (43.4%), with linked online sellers (8.8%) representing a smaller volume. ENDS products most frequently offered for sale were flavoured e-liquids (53.0%) and vaping devices (20.5%). Online sellers offering flavoured e-liquids were less likely to use age verification at point of purchase (29% vs 64%) compared with other products.ConclusionsInstagram is a global venue for unregulated ENDS sales, including flavoured products, and access to websites lacking age verification. Such posts may violate Instagram’s policies and US federal and state law, necessitating more robust review and enforcement to prevent ENDS uptake and access.
The Halalisation of Islam
Authors: Gauthier François 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article charts the history of the invention of halal and of its extension to an increasingly diverse range of goods, services and even modes of behaviour. Following the works of Bergeaud-Blackler, it argues that halal is not the industrialization of traditional practices but rather that it is ‘born industrial’ as the result of the encounter between neoliberal economic globalization and the spread of consumerism across the Muslim world. It argues that the wild development of halal and its extension well beyond the edible is part of a wider reconfiguration of Islam within a Global-Market frame, away from Nation-State bound forms. From its inception within industrial processes of meat production, halal has been extended to qualify vacation packages, refrigerators and proper sexual morality.
Kemalism and Populism
Authors: Balci Tamer 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This article examines the trajectory of populism/halkçilik, one of the least studied principles of Kemalism, from its origins in the ideas of Enlightenment to its practices in modern Turkey. Unlike its commonly perceived negative connotation that is often associated with irrational political objectives, populism is a manifestation of equality premise of Enlightenment. Populism gained popularity among the nineteenth-century American and Russian farmers as well as fin de siècle French intellectuals and politicians. Neither the Russian Narodnik movement nor the American Populist Party were as influential as the French solidarists who were backed by Vatican to carve a middle path between unrefined Capitalism and revolutionary Marxism. Inspired by its earlier counterparts in France and Russia, Kemalist principle of Populism aimed to end inherited socio-economic inequalities that had existed in the former Ottoman Empire. While modern Turkey curbed some inequalities, it has stumbled upon the same core obstacle, unequal distribution of resources. The never-ending human fight for equality will carry on whether it carries the banner of Kemalism or any other ideology.
Upper Gila, Salt, and Verde Rivers: Arid Land Rivers in a Changing Climate
Authors: Woodhouse Connie A. , Udall Bradley 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The major tributary of the lower Colorado River, the Gila River, is a critical source of water for human and natural environments in the southwestern United States. Warmer and drier than the upper Colorado River basin, with less snow and a bimodal precipitation regime, the Gila River is controlled by a set of climatic conditions that is different from the controls on upper Colorado River flow. Unlike the Colorado River at Lees Ferry in Arizona, the upper Gila River and major Gila River tributaries, the Salt and Verde Rivers, do not yet reflect significant declines in annual streamflow, despite warming trends. Annual streamflow is dominated by cool-season precipitation, but the monsoon influence is discernable as well, variable across the basin and complicated by an inverse relationship with cool-season precipitation in the Salt and Verde River basins. Major multiyear streamflow droughts in these two basins have frequently been accompanied by wet monsoons, suggesting that monsoon precipitation may partially offset the impacts of a dry cool season. While statistically significant trends in annual streamflow are not evident, decreases in autumn and spring streamflow reflect warming temperatures and some decreases in spring precipitation. Because climatic controls vary with topography and the influence of the monsoon, the impact of warming on streamflow in the three subbasins is somewhat variable. However, given relationships between climate and streamflow, current trends in hydroclimate, and projections for the future, it would be prudent to expect declines in Gila River water supplies in the coming decades.

Significance Statement
This research investigates the climatic controls on the Gila River and its major tributaries, the Verde and Salt Rivers, to gain insights on how trends in climate may impact future water supply. The Gila River is the major tributary of the lower Colorado River, but, unlike the situation for the upper Colorado River, no significant decreasing trends in annual streamflow are evident despite warming temperatures. Climate–streamflow relationships are more complex in this part of the Colorado River basin, and several factors may be buffering streamflow to the impact of warming. However, given the key climatic controls on streamflow, current and emerging trends in climate, and projections for the future, declines in streamflow should be expected in the future.