bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Insight to Nanostructured Lipid Carrier System
Authors: Rajalakshmi G. , Dhanapal C.K. , Sundhararajan R. 
Published: January 2021

In pharmaceutical field, many drugs are being invented to combat the existing new diseases. The winds of change in the drug scenario are blowing forcefully worldwide. The emergence of new technologies provides an unique opportunities to exploit novel approaches in drug delivery. A shift from conventional drug delivery to novel drug delivery is noticed as shift from conventional drug delivery suffers from various drawbacks, But these new mighty compounds in drug therapy solely are not sufficient to meet the today’s need. There is an urgent need for the smart technology, as the drugs available suffer from serious problems like poor solubility and poor bioavailability. Most of the drugs that are available therapeutically comes under BCS class II ie, poorly soluble and high lipophilc. To assure progress in drug therapy, the development of new drugs merely is not sufficient. Issues arising in delivery of new drugs should also be addressed. Thus there is an emergent need to improve the bioavailability of these drugs, the only remedy or boon for such drugs is the discovery of some smart technologies which can improve the bioavailability of these drugs. Nano drug delivery systems are the one such universal approach which fulfills the lacuna, which exists in conventional drug delivery systems. These Nano drug delivery systems, improves the pharmacokinetic profiles of many drugs. In 1980 K. Eric Drexler developed and popularized the concept of nanotechnology. In this review a deep insight on Nano structured lipid carriers is discussed elaborating its birth, significant qualities compared to other colloidal systems, its structure, characteristics, preparation and application are spotted.
Key words: BCS class, Lipophilic, Nano technology, Nano structured lipid carrier.
Management of Non-Infectious Aneurisms of the Sub-Kydney Abdominal Aorta at the CHU/JRA
Authors: Randrianandrianina Harijaona Fanomezantsoa , Randimbinirina ZAKARIMANANA LUCAS , Rajaobelison TSIRIMALALA , Rajaoharimalala T G , Rakotorahalahy RNAL , Rakotoarisoa AJC , Ravalisoa AML 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe the principle of the management for non-infectious aneurysm of the sub-kidney abdominal aorta at the university teaching hospital/JRA Ampefiloha.
Materials and methods: It was a retrospective, descriptive study conducted at cardiovascular surgery department of the university teaching hospital/JRA Ampefiloha, for a period of 14 years old (January 2005 to December 2019), including all patients who had an non-infectious aneurysm of the subrenal abdominal aorta at the CHU/JRA Ampefiloha operated on or not.
Results: Sixty-one cases were included, with an mean age of 61.71 years old (from 16 to 82 years old), a male predominance (sex ratio-1.34), high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, active smoking and physical inactivity were the predominant risk factors. The circumstances of discovery were often abdominal pain (52.45%) and a flapping abdominal mass (47.54%). Aortic doppler ultrasound and/or CT angiography allowed the diagnosis and describe the type of aneurysm. Most of them was fusiform in 49 cases (80.32%) and sacciform in 12 cases (19.67%), the majority of which had a diameter of between 50 and 60 mm (36.06%). Thirty-nine patients were operated on (63.93%). Conventional surgery with the flattening of the aneurysm followed by a replacement with a prosthetic graft was our reference technique. Postoperative development was favorable in 82.05% of cases. The mortality rate was 6.56%.
Conclusion: The hospital frequency of an abdominal aortic aneurysm was 1.53% at the university teaching hospital/JRA Ampefiloha. Conventional surgery was our reference technique, saving the lives of our patients.
Keywords: Aneurysm, subrenal abdominal aorta, surgery, prosthesis.
Novel Delivery System Used for Oral Bioavailability Enhancement of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs
Authors: Lakavath Sunil Kumar 
Published: January 2021

Majority of the drugs used for the treatment of various diseases are administered by oral route using conventional delivery. The major drawback of the oral administration is the poor bioavailability due to the poor water solubility, chemical stability and pre-systemic metabolism. Numerous researches are going on for the improvement of oral bioavailability of drugs using novel drug delivery systems as an alternative to conventional delivery systems. Majority of the novel delivery system includes; solid dispersion, sustained, controlled buccal, gastro retentive, nano carrier delivery systems such as lipid nanoparticles, and self-emulsifying systems. The oral bioavailability improvement by these delivery systems might be due to the increased particle size, improved dissolution and/or permeation and subsequently bioavailability of the drugs. In this review, we attempt to discuss the various novel delivery systems developed for the enhancement of oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble therapeutics.
Keywords: Oral bioavailability, poor solubility, stability, metabolism, novel delivery systems, nano carriers.
28 Days repeated oral toxicity study of Rosmarinus officinalis in Wistar Rats
Authors: Salokhe Shivani Shashikant , Kolhe S. U. , Tembhurne S. V. , Hanmghar Dipali 
Published: January 2021

Rosmarinus officinalis has long been used as a traditional oriental medicine. It is traditionally used as antioxidants as well as essential oil. Rosmarinus officinalis mainly contains the phenolic compounds which is responsible for the antioxidant property. In the present study, 28-day subacute oral dose toxicity studies of hydroalcoholic extracts of the plant of Rosmarinus officinalis were performed in Wistar rats. The repeated oral toxicity study was carried out to detect the no-observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). In this study, a total of 48 rats were classified into the control, low dose (300 mg/kg), medium dose (500 mg/kg) and high dose (1000 mg/kg) treatment groups. The extract was administered daily from day 1 until day 28. At the end of the study, the animals were humanely sacrificed and assessed for the effect extract of Rosmarinus officinalis plant on body weight and relative organ weights, biochemical, haematological and histopathological parameters. The biochemical parameters for the assessment of kidney and liver injuries were carried out. Results of haematological and biochemistry results showed no changes in the control and treated groups. In the histopathology, evaluation of kidney tissues in all treated groups showed no significant (p > 0.05) lesions. The results conclude that hydro-alcoholic extract of leaves Rosmarinus officinalis was found to be safe at highest dose level of 1000mg/kg for 28 days of oral administration.
Keywords: Repeated toxicity study, Rosmarinus officinalis, biochemical analysis, histopathological study
Clinicopathologic Characteristics and Chemotherapy Response of Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Study in Tertiary Teaching Hospital
Authors: Aryanti , , Hernowo Bethy Surjawathy , Agustina Hasrayati 
Published: January 2021

Background and Objective: Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) is known as a malignancy of the lymphatic system and 90% of the HL is Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma (CHL). Prognostic factors that identify the patient's response to therapy are useful for optimizing the therapy. This study aims to assess the clinicopathological characteristics and chemotherapy response associated with CHL patients.
Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of 40 patients diagnosed as CHL and treated with ABVD chemotherapy at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia during the period of January 2014 to December 2019. The clinicopathological characteristics data consisting of age, sex, histopathology subtype, tumor location and clinical stage were assessed. Their responses to chemotherapy were also analyzed.
Result and Discussion: A total of 40 patient data were included in this study, 21 CHL patients responded to ABVD chemotherapy (52.5%) while 19 patients not responded (47.5%). There were no significant association between age, sex, histopathological subtype, tumour location and clinical stage with chemotherapy response.
Conclusion: In this study, 47.5% of CHL patients did not respond to ABVD chemotherapy. The response of ABVD chemotherapy was not associated with age, sex, histopathological subtype, tumor location or clinical stage.
Keywords: Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma, chemotherapy response, clinicopathological characteristics.
A REVIEW: EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE TO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND HCN LEVEL IN CASSAVA (MANIHOT ESCULENTA CRANTZ) LEAVES
Authors: Abidin Zainal , Suhaenah Asriani , Sari Maya 
Published: January 2021

Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the food resources that many people consume as vegetables in some regions. People believe that it has natural antioxidant compounds such as phenolic and flavonoids. Also, it contains HCN elements known as toxic compounds. However, HCN levels can be reduced by dry heating and boiling. Phenolic and flavonoids are not resistant to heating and are easily oxidized. This article aim to assess the effect of temperature to antioxidant activity and the decrease of HCN level of cassava leaves. The pretreatment heating by oven (dry heating) and cooking (boiling heating) greatly affects to the antioxidant activity and the reduction of cyanide acid (HCN) level in cassava leaves. This article may be useful for any one or any researcher to determine pretreatment heating temperature and heating method to process prepare cassava leaves.

Peer Review History:
Received 6 November 2020; Revised 25 Decembe; Accepted 4 January, Available online 15 January 2021
UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.
Received file: Comments of reviewer(s):
Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.0/10
Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10
Reviewer(s) detail:
Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id
Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com
Prof. Dr. Ali Gamal Ahmed Al-kaf, Sana'a university, Yemen, alialkaf21@gmail.com
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Efektivitas Program Asistensi Sosial Penyandang Disabilitas Berat (ASPDB) di Kota Bandar Lampung
Authors: Fitriani Yuyun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The Social Assistance Program for Persons with Severe Disabilities (ASPDB) is a form of state responsibility in fulfilling the rights of persons with disabilities and the embodiment of government social protection for its citizens. The target group of the ASPD program are people with severe disabilities who are unable to carry out activities to fulfill their daily lives so they need help from others. Measurement of effectiveness criteria is based on three main objectives of implementing the ASPDB program, namely: First, the fulfillment of the basic needs of life and daily care for persons with severe disabilities (clothing, food, clean water, daily care) so that their welfare level can be met fairly. Second, the growing concern of families and communities in providing social care and guidance for persons with severe disabilities. Third, growing efforts to fulfill the rights of persons with severe disabilities. Broadly speaking, the effectiveness of the implementation of the ASPDB program in Bandar Lampung has been well implemented. Families of persons with disabilities, which are the main milestones for the growth and development of persons with disabilities, have skills in caring for and looking after persons with disabilities. The community in the neighborhood where persons with disabilities live also do not discriminate against the existence of persons with disabilities so that persons with disabilities can play and interact with the community. Families of persons with disabilities, which are the main milestones for the growth and development of persons with disabilities, have skills in caring for and looking after persons with disabilities. The community in the neighborhood where persons with disabilities live also do not discriminate against the existence of persons with disabilities so that persons with disabilities can play and interact with the community. Families of persons with disabilities, which are the main milestones for the growth and development of persons with disabilities, have skills in caring for and looking after persons with disabilities. The community in the neighborhood where persons with disabilities live also do not discriminate against the existence of persons with disabilities so that persons with disabilities can play and interact with the community.
Biotechnology Literacy Inventory: Development, Validity and Reliability
Authors: AÇIKGÜL FIRAT Esra , ÇAVUŞ Emine , TURAN GÜRBÜZ Gizem , ÖZTÜRK Sadık 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: In this study, it is aimed to develop a biotechnology literacy inventory that deals with the different dimensions of literacy to determine the biotechnology literacy of 8th-grade students and to make validity/reliability studies.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The participants of the study consisted of 566 8th grade students determined by convenience sampling method.
Findings: The first measurement tool is the Biotechnology Awareness Test, which consists of 24 questions, which was developed to determine the biotechnology awareness of students, and includes yes / no answers. The difficulty index of the final test was 0.66, the discrimination index was 0.43. The second measurement tool is the Biotechnology Products Preference Scale, which was developed to determine the biotechnology products that students prefer in their daily lives, and consists of 13 items and 4 sub-dimensions. According to the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, χ2 / df value was found to be 1.30, and RMSEA value was calculated as 0.035. The third measurement tool is the Biotechnology Opinion Scale, which was prepared to determine students' opinions about biotechnology on factors such as ethics, risk, and consists of 12 items and 4 sub-dimensions. According to the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, χ2 / df value was found to be 1.04, and RMSEA value was calculated as 0.012. According to the findings, it was concluded that the measurement tools in the developed inventory were valid and reliable.
Highlights: Biotechnology Literacy Inventory consisting of three measurement tools including different dimensions of literacy was developed with this study. These tools are; Biotechnology Awareness Test, The Biotechnology Products Preference Scale, and Biotechnology Opinion Scale. Besides, a scoring table is included in the study to calculate a single biotechnology literacy score according to the data obtained from this scale.
Investigating Views of Classroom Teachers and Students on the Interaction of Children with Nature
Authors: ÇAĞLIYAN Tuğçenur , ALTUN Taner 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This research aims to investigate the interaction of primary school students with nature and to evaluate these interactions in terms of classroom teachers’ views.
Methodology: Case study method within the qualitative research approach was used in the study. The study group of this research includes 10 classroom teachers and 18 primary school students on 3th grade who were selected randomly and voluntary basis. So as to get basic data, semi-structured interviews has used by asking 10 question to teachers and 5 for students. The data were analyzed through the “constant comparative analysis” method, one of the qualitative data analysis methods. Findings were presented in tables and direct quotations from teachers’ conversations were used where appropriate to support the analyzed data.
Conclusions: According to results of the study, most of the participants have a common view that a great number of students are exposed to virtualization when they are getting away from the nature and have a fear against to nature and also they do not have the chance to know the nature. When the results obtained from the students were examined, it was concluded that the students did not know the meaning of terms such as natural life and organic. It has been determined that the topics that students wonder about nature are related to the growth and nutrition of animals and plants and also the current issues.
Suggestions: At the end of the study, some suggestions were made for the practical applications that can be made in the educational environments about the internalization of the natural life by the students.
Perancangan Database dalam Sistem Pembelajaran Matematika Dasar Berbasis Konsep Guru dengan Peta Pikir
Authors: Harini Luh Putu Ida , Astawa I Gede Santi 
Published: January 2021

Konsep dasar matematika merupakan materi matematika yang sangat penting dikuasai oleh siswa. Salah satu upaya peningkatan pemahaman siswa adalah terciptanya sebuah sistem pembelajaran berbasis komputer yang mampu memberikan materi sesuai pemahaman siswa. Penelitian penggunaan peta pikir dalam pengembangan konsep pembelajaran matematika oleh guru dalam meningkatkan pemahaman siswa menjadikan latar belakang penelitian mengenai pemanfaatan peta pikir sebagai acuan pembuatan sistem pembelajaran berbasis komputer ini. Dari hasil penelitian pendahuluan yang sudah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan konsep peta pikir sebagai metode dalam membantu pembelajaran siswa sudah berjalan dengan baik sesuai dengan kebutuhan pengguna. Dan dari hasil pengujian skal kecil oleh 10 orang guru, didapatkan hasil 75% responden menilai prototype “Sangat Baik” dan 25% menilai “Baik”
Keywords: peta pikir, pembelajaran, sistem berbasis komputer
Karakteristik Komposit Bioplastik pada Variasi Perbandingan Campuran Pati Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Deenst.) dan Karagenan (Carrageenan)
Authors: Wara Fransiskus Yuven , Hartiati Amna , Harsojuwono Bambang Admadi 
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of the comparison of the mixture of yam starch (Dioscorea hypida D.) and carrageenan on the characteristics of bioplastic composites and on determining the comparison of the mixture of yam starch (Dioscorea hipida D.) and carrageenan (Carrageenan) which gives the best bioplastic composite characteristics. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with a comparative treatment of the mixture of yam starch and carrageenan as follows (70: 30), (60: 40), (50: 50), (30: 70), (40: 60), Each treatment was grouped into 3 based on the time of making process so that 15 experimental units were obtained. The variables observed in this study were tensile strength, elongation at break, elasticity, swelling thickness and biodegradation time. The results showed that the comparison of the mixture of starch and carrageenan significantly affected the tensile strength, elongation at break, elasticity and did not significantly affect the development of thickness (swelling) and biodegradation time. A ratio of yam tubers starch with carrageenan on 50:50, produces the best yam tuber bioplastics, but does not meet the Indonesian national standard (SNI) with the characteristic tensile strength of 3.60 Mpa, elongation at break of 25.373 ± 0.830%, elasticity of 14.219 ± 0.866 Mpa, swelling of 28.3 ± 1.681%, biodegradation time of 6.667 ± 0.577 days.
Keywords: yam starch, carrageenan, composites, bioplastics
Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel dan Waktu Maserasi terhadap Ekstrak Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) Kunyit (Curcuma longa L.) sebagai Pewarna Alami
Authors: Oktavian Aldi , Suhendra Lutfi , Wartini Ni Made 
Published: January 2021

Turmeric contains a carotenoid that can be used as a natural dye by extracting a carotenoid compound using VCO. This research is meant to know the effect of particle size and time of maseration to VCO turmeric extract as natural dye and to determine the impact the best particle size and time of maseration to produce VCO turmeric extract as natural dye. This experiment used a random group design with two factors. First factor is particle size which is composed of 40, 60, and 80 mesh. Second factor in time of maseration which is composed of 4, 6 dan 8 hours. Data is analyzed with variance analysis and followed by Tukey test. Research shows interactions between particle size and time of maseration have very real impact on carotenoid total, betacarotene level, and the reddish level. Interagency interaction have real impact on brightness level but have no real impact on yield and yellowish level. Best treatment to produce VCO turmeric extract as natural dye are with 40 mesh for particle size and 6 hours for time of maseration with characteristic of yield 73,26±0,15 percent, carotenoid total in the amount of 205,78±0,40 µmol/L, betacarotene level in the amount of 9,99±0,07 mg/g, brightness level 43,06±1,02, reddish level 15,31±0,95, and yellowish level 42,33±0,61.
Keywords : Turmeric, VCO, extraction, carotenoid, natural dye
Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga (Hylocereus polyrhizus) terhadap Karakteristik Krim Kunyit dan Daun Asam
Authors: Pagur Yohanes Wiliam , Mulyani Sri , Suhendra Lutfi 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dragon fruit peel extract (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on the characteristics of turmeric cream and tamarind leaves. The concentration of dragon fruit peel extract treatment consisted of 6 levels, namely 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, so that 18 experimental units were obtained. The variables observed in turmeric cream and tamarind leaves were homogeneity, viscosity, pH, dispersibility, adhesion, and separation ratio, antioxidant capacity, LAB color test. Data were observed and analyzed using a completely randomized design. The results showed that the extract of dragon fruit peel did not affect homogeneous separation ratio, viscosity, spread power, pH and antioxidant capacity, while color testing affected the brightness level of the cream and the yellowish value b. All treatments adding water extract of dragon fruit peel produce turmeric cream and tamarind leaves that are homogeneous, there is no separation, viscosity 6766-6850cP, spread ability 5.9-6.27 cm, adhesion 54.67-72.33s, pH 5.37-5.57, nalia color test values L 38.72 – 46.08, values A 27.41-34.98 values B 31.56-44.65 and antioxidant capacity 91,67-112,17.
Keywords: Dragon fruit, turmeric and tamarind leaves, cream characteristics.