bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CO2‐Strengthened Double‐Cross‐Linked Polymer Gels from Frustrated Lewis Pair Networks
Authors: Liu Renjie , Wang Yixin , Yan Qiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConventional thermosets consisting of polymer networks with robust and irreversible chemical linkages are incapable of reshaping or reprocessing once formed. In contrast, reversible non‐covalent crosslinks can impart structurally flexible and reconfigurable feature to the networks, but at the expense of certain mechanical strength. The integration of fixed covalent bonds and noncovalent bonds into these materials can usually attain enhanced mechanical properties and meanwhile provide dynamic and adaptable functions, such as responsive and healing ability to external stimuli. Here a double‐cross‐linked frustrated Lewis pair network (FLPN) is developed through a specific three‐component reaction among triarylborane, triarylphosphine, and CO2, which is composed of permanent chemical crosslinks and dynamic CO2 gas‐bridged connections. The amount of CO2 added can regulate the density of supramolecular node in such FLPN, so as to control the strength and toughness of the gel material. Moreover, the broken gel can be rapidly healed by CO2 stimulus through the reconstruction of dynamic covalent network. This study will inspire a new way to create gas‐based smart materials by incorporating frustrated Lewis pair chemistry into traditional gel system.
Considerations of expanded carrier screening: Lessons learned from combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria
Authors: Gabriel Marie Cosette , Rice Stephanie M. , Sloan Jennifer L. , Mossayebi Matthew H. , Venditti Charles P. , Al‐Kouatly Huda B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundExpanded carrier screening (ECS) utilizes high‐throughput next‐generation sequencing to evaluate an individual's carrier status for multiple conditions. Combined malonic and methylmalonic aciduria (CMAMMA) due to ACSF3 deficiency is a rare inherited disease included in such screening panels. Some cases have been reported with metabolic symptoms in childhood yet other cases describe a benign clinical course, suggesting the clinical phenotype is not well defined.Methods/Case ReportClinical and laboratory findings during the prenatal period were obtained retrospectively from medical records.ResultsA 37‐year‐old nulliparous woman and her partner were each identified as carriers of ACSF3 variants and presented at 9 weeks gestation for prenatal genetic consultation. The couple received extensive genetic counseling and proceeded with chorionic villus sampling at 11 weeks gestation. Subsequent analysis confirmed that the fetus inherited both parental ACSF variants. The couple was devastated by the results and after reviewing options of pregnancy continuation and termination, they decided to terminate the pregnancy. Following this decision, the patient was diagnosed with acute stress disorder.ConclusionThis case highlights how expanded carrier screening adds complexity to reproductive decision‐making. Stronger guidelines and additional research are needed to direct and evaluate the timing, composition, and implementation of ECS panels.
Three salvage strategies in microvascular fibula osteocutaneous flap for mandible reconstruction with vascular compromise and establishment of an algorithm
Authors: Aksoyler Dicle , Losco Luigi , Bolletta Alberto , Ercan Alp , Chen Shih‐Heng , Velazquez‐Mujica Jonathan , Tang Yueh‐Bih , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundFibula osteocutaneous flap is associated with a higher rate of reexploration in mandible reconstruction due to limited space for the fixation of various tissue components on multiple segments of the fibula flap. To maintain optimal circulation to the flap and to prevent negative outcomes because of partial or total flap loss, we shared our experiences on salvaging the free fibula flap with vascular compromise in the first reexploration and we developed an algorithm.MethodsFrom 1992 to 2018, 12 patients between the ages of 48 to 63 (mean: 52.5) who had presented with oral squamous cell carcinoma (n = 10) followed by osteoradionecrosis of the mandible (n = 2) were explored. The operative findings were; (1) occlusions of vein (3 cases); (2) occlusions of artery (4 cases); and (3) occlusions of both artery and vein (5 cases). After correcting the kinking or evacuating the hematoma, the arterial inflow was initially reestablished by anterograde flow. If this was nonfunctional, retrograde flow from the distal end of the peroneal artery was provided. For the vein, anterograde venous drainage was reestablished. If the thrombus extended deep into the peroneal vein, regular venous return was blocked on the anterograde side, and the flap remained congested therefore retrograde venous drainage was performed regardless of the valves in the vein. However, the two ends of the peroneal artery were anastomosed to prevent thrombosis of the artery.ResultsThe success rate of revised cases was 75% (9/12). All failed cases had presented with both artery and vein occlusion (three cases). Pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap and anterolateral thigh flap were needed for the external surface in two cases. Skin graft was required for seven cases to restore intraoral lining. Six patients underwent dental rehabilitation with prosthetic implants.ConclusionImmediate reexploration is mandatory to salvage the flap.
On the use of radio‐frequency offsets for improving double‐quantum homonuclear dipolar recoupling of half‐integer‐spin quadrupolar nuclei
Authors: Duong Nghia Tuan , Lee Daniel , Mentink‐Vigier Frédéric , Lafon Olivier , De Paëpe Gaël 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDetecting proximities between nuclei is crucial for atomic‐scale structure determination with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Different from spin‐1/2 nuclei, the methodology for quadrupolar nuclei is limited for solids due to the complex spin dynamics under simultaneous magic‐angle spinning (MAS) and radio‐frequency irradiation. Herein, the performances of several homonuclear rotary recoupling (HORROR)‐based homonuclear dipolar recoupling sequences are evaluated for 27Al (spin‐5/2). It is shown numerically and experimentally on mesoporous alumina that
outperforms the supercycled S3 sequence and its pure double‐quantum (DQ) (bracketed) version, [S3], both in terms of DQ transfer efficiency and bandwidth. This result is surprising since the S3 sequence is among the best low‐power recoupling schemes for spin‐1/2. The superiority of
is thoroughly explained, and the crucial role of radio‐frequency offsets during its spin dynamics is highlighted. The analytical approximation of
, derived in an offset‐toggling frame, clarifies the interplay between offset and DQ efficiency, namely, the benefits of off‐resonance irradiation and the trough in DQ efficiency for
when the irradiation is central between two resonances, both for spin‐1/2 and half‐integer‐spin quadrupolar nuclei. Additionally, density matrix propagations show that the
sequence, applied to quadrupolar nuclei subject to quadrupolar interaction much larger than radio‐frequency frequency field, can create single‐ and multiple‐quantum coherences for near on‐resonance irradiation. This significantly perturbs the creation of DQ coherences between central transitions of neighboring quadrupolar nuclei. This effect explains the DQ efficiency trough for near on‐resonance irradiation, in the case of both cross‐correlation and autocorrelation peaks. Overall, this work aids experimental acquisition of homonuclear dipolar correlation spectra of half‐integer‐spin quadrupolar nuclei and provides theoretical insights towards improving recoupling schemes at high magnetic field and fast MAS.
Suggestions on cleavage embryo and blastocyst vitrification/transfer based on expression profile of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in current COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Cheng Gui‐ping , Guo Shi‐meng , Zhou Li‐quan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is leading to an unprecedented worldwide health crisis. SARS‐CoV‐2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Our objectives are to analysis the expression profile of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in human spermatogenic cells, follicle cells, and preimplantation embryos, thereby providing mechanistic insights into viral entry and viral impact on reproduction. We found that ACE2 is mainly expressed during gametogenesis in spermatogonia and oocytes of antral follicles, granulosa cells of antral follicles and pre‐ovulatory follicles, while TMPRSS2 almost has no expression in spermatogenic cells, oocytes or granulosa cells. In preimplantation embryos, ACE2 is expressed in early embryos before eight‐cell stage, and trophectoderm of late blastocysts, while TMPRSS2 initiates its robust expression in late blastocyst stage. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 only show significant co‐expression in trophectoderm of late blastocysts in all above cell types. We speculate that trophectoderm of late blastocysts is susceptible to SARS‐CoV‐2, and that the chance of SARS‐CoV‐2 being passed on to offspring through gametes is very low. Therefore, we propose that fertility preservation for COVID‐19 patients is relatively safe and rational. We also recommend embryo cryopreservation and embryo transfer into healthy recipient mother at cleavage stage instead of blastocyst stage. Moreover, we unexpectedly found that co‐expression pattern of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in oocytes and preimplantation embryos in human, rhesus monkey and mouse are totally different, so animal models have significant limitations for evaluating transmission risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 in reproduction.
A mathematical formulation and an LP‐based neighborhood search matheuristic solution method for the integrated train blocking and shipment path problem
Authors: Yaghini Masoud , Mirghavami Mahsasadat , Zare Andaryan Abdollah 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article addresses the integrated train blocking and shipment path (TBSP) problem. The problem aims to route and classify railcar flows while satisfying railway line and station capacity constraints. At the same time, the problem tries to minimize the total operational costs. In this article, a new linear arc‐node mathematical model is developed for the TBSP problem. In order to solve the model, a novel matheuristic solution method is proposed, which includes the hybridization of tabu search (TS) metaheuristic as well as mathematical programming techniques. The solution method reduces the search space of the problem by iteratively solving an LP relaxation form of the original model. At each iteration, inspired by the TS, a penalization procedure is applied to the coefficients of the LP objective function according to the solutions. Finally, a restricted MIP model is generated based on the LP solutions. For solving all the LP and the MIP models, a black‐box MIP solver is employed. Experimental results confirm that the solution method can solve the problem in a reasonable time and achieve a solution of high quality in terms of the total incurred cost.
Ultraprocessed Food Consumption is Strongly and Dose‐Dependently Associated with Excess Body Weight in Swiss Women
Authors: Pestoni Giulia , Habib Linda , Reber Emilie , Rohrmann Sabine , Staub Kaspar , Stanga Zeno , Faeh David 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThis study investigated the association between ultraprocessed food consumption and excess body weight in a Swiss nationally representative study.MethodsData stem from the cross‐sectional Swiss National Nutrition Survey menuCH (n = 2,057). Dietary information was collected with 24‐hour dietary recalls, and food items were categorized into non‐ultraprocessed or ultraprocessed using the NOVA food classification system. The following three excess body weight indicators were considered: BMI, waist circumference (WC), and a BMI‐WC composite outcome. Multinomial logistic regression models stratified by sex were fitted.ResultsWomen in the highest quintile of ultraprocessed food weight proportion had significantly higher odds of having obesity (odds ratio [OR] 3.01, 95% CI: 1.48‐6.11), having abdominal obesity (OR 2.69, 95% CI: 1.43‐5.05), and being in the highest category of the BMI‐WC composite outcome (OR 3.28, 95% CI: 1.59‐6.77). No relevant associations were observed in men.ConclusionsUltraprocessed food weight proportion was strongly and dose‐dependently associated with excess body weight in women but not in men. Further studies are required to elucidate potential mechanisms behind this association. Increasing evidence of the detrimental effect of ultraprocessed food consumption on health stresses the need to consider these products in future public health strategies.
A co‐infection model for oncogenic human papillomavirus and tuberculosis with optimal control and Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Omame Andrew , Okuonghae Daniel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA co‐infection model for oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) and tuberculosis (TB), with optimal control and cost‐effectiveness analysis is studied and analyzed to assess the impact of controls against incident infection and against infection with HPV by TB‐infected individuals as well as optimal TB treatment in reducing the burden of the co‐infection of the two diseases in a population. The co‐infection model exhibits backward bifurcation when the associated reproduction number is less than unity. Furthermore, it is shown that TB and HPV re‐infection parameters (ϕp ≠ 0 and ) as well as TB exogenous re‐infection term (ε1 ≠ 0) induced the phenomenon of backward bifurcation in the oncogenic HPV‐TB co‐infection model. The global asymptotic stability of the disease‐free equilibrium of the co‐infection model is shown not to exist, when the associated reproduction number is below unity. The necessary conditions for the existence of optimal control and the optimality system for the co‐infection model is established using the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. Numerical simulations of the optimal control model reveal that the intervention strategy which combines and implements control against HPV infection by TB infected individuals as well as TB treatment control for dually infected individuals is the most cost‐effective of all the control strategies for the control and management of the burden of oncogenic HPV and TB co‐infection.
The incidence and risk factors for venous thromboembolism in adolescent and young adult oncology patients
Authors: Hsiao Wendy , Krava Emily , Wee Choo Phei , Chau Edward , Jaffray Julie 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a known complication among pediatric and adult cancer patients. Adolescent and young adult oncology (AYAO) patients have unique biological and physiological characteristics that make them distinct from other populations. Our objective was to study the VTE incidence, risk factors, and outcomes, which have been understudied in this population.ProcedureA retrospective case–control study was conducted on AYAO participants with new or relapsed cancer and an imaging confirmed VTE from January 2011 to November 2016 at our institution. Eligible AYAO participants without a history of VTE were designated as controls and were randomly selected from our institution's tumor registry. Demographics, medical history, surgeries, central venous catheter (CVC) data, VTE diagnosis and treatment, relapses, and deaths were abstracted.ResultsThirty‐five VTE cases and 70 controls were included in this analysis. Eighty percent of cases had leukemia or lymphoma (vs. a solid tumor) compared to 58% of controls. The majority of VTEs (57%) were CVC associated, and more than 70% of cases had more than one CVC placed during their cancer treatment versus 34% of controls. Infection was associated with increased VTE risk (OR = 6.35, 95% CI = 2.30, 17.55, p < .0001). VTE cases had increased cancer relapse (23% vs. 10%) and mortality rates (29% vs. 16%) than controls.ConclusionAYAO participants with a VTE were more likely to have leukemia or lymphoma, more than one CVC or infection. Further studies are needed to identify patients who would benefit from modifiable prevention measures, such as limiting to one CVC, preventing infections, or considering prophylactic anticoagulation for those with a liquid tumor.
A new generation of Bt maize for control of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda)
Authors: Horikoshi Renato J , Vertuan Hallison , de Castro Ancidériton A , Morrell Kimberly , Griffith Cara , Evans Adam , Tan Jianguo , Asiimwe Peter , Anderson Heather , José Márcia O M A , Dourado Patrick M , Berger Geraldo , Martinelli Samuel , Head Graham 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe pyramided genetically modified maize (Zea mays [L.]) event MON 95379, expressing the Cry1B.868 and Cry1Da_7 proteins, was designed to protect against larval feeding damage by the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (FAW). Here, we conducted laboratory, greenhouse, and field studies to assess the dose and field efficacy of MON 95379 against FAW and inform the development of insect resistance management plans.RESULTSThe Cry1B.868 and Cry1Da_7 proteins were active against susceptible FAW neonates in diet‐incorporation bioassays: median lethal concentration [LC50] (95% CI) = 62.8 (42.6–87.6) μg/ml diet for Cry1B.868 and 9.4 (5.3–18.6) μg/ml diet for Cry1Da_7. In laboratory leaf disc bioassays, MON 95379 maize and experimental maize lines expressing the individual components were effective in controlling susceptible FAW. In whole‐plant assays, MON 95379 controlled FAW resistant to the Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 proteins. Likewise, under field conditions, MON 95379 maize expressing Cry1B.868 and Cry1Da_7 was highly effective at protecting plants against the larval feeding of FAW.CONCLUSIONSThe expression of Cry1B.868 and Cry1Da_7 in MON 95379 consistently protected maize plants against larval feeding by FAW and represents an alternative to manage trait resistance issues in South America. © 2021 Bayer Crop Science‐US. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Selenium mediated host plant–mite conflict: defense and adaptation
Authors: Xu Zhifeng , Qi CuiCui , Zhang Mengyu , Zhu Jiayan , Hu Jia , Feng Kaiyang , Sun Jingyu , Wei Peng , Shen Guangmao , Zhang Ping , He Lin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSelenium has shown effectiveness in protecting plants from herbivores. However, some insects have evolved adaptability to selenium.RESULTSSelenium accumulation in host plants protected them against spider mite feeding. Selenium showed toxic effects on spider mites by reducing growth and interfering with reproduction. After 40 generations on selenium‐rich plants, a Tetranychus cinnabarinus strain (Tc‐Se) developed adaptability to selenium, with an increased rate of population growth and enhanced ability for selenium metabolism. The high expression of two genes (GSTd07 and SPS1) in the selenium metabolism pathway might be involved in selenium metabolism in spider mites. After GSTd07 and SPS1 were silenced, the selenium adaptability decreased. Recombinant GSTd07 protein promoted the reaction between sodium selenite and glutathione (GSH) and increased the production of sodium selenite metabolites. The results indicated that GSTd07 was involved in the first step of selenium metabolism.CONCLUSIONPlants can resist spider mite feeding by accumulating selenium. Spider mites subjected to long‐term selenium exposure can adapt to selenium by increasing the expression of key genes involved in selenium metabolism. These results elucidate the mechanism of the interaction between mites and host plants mediated by selenium. This study of the interaction between selenium‐mediated host plants and spider mites may lead to the development of new and less toxic methods for the prevention and control of spider mites.© 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Principal stratum strategy: Potential role in drug development
Authors: Bornkamp Björn , Rufibach Kaspar , Lin Jianchang , Liu Yi , Mehrotra Devan V. , Roychoudhury Satrajit , Schmidli Heinz , Shentu Yue , Wolbers Marcel 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA randomized trial allows estimation of the causal effect of an intervention compared to a control in the overall population and in subpopulations defined by baseline characteristics. Often, however, clinical questions also arise regarding the treatment effect in subpopulations of patients, which would experience clinical or disease related events post‐randomization. Events that occur after treatment initiation and potentially affect the interpretation or the existence of the measurements are called intercurrent events in the ICH E9(R1) guideline. If the intercurrent event is a consequence of treatment, randomization alone is no longer sufficient to meaningfully estimate the treatment effect. Analyses comparing the subgroups of patients without the intercurrent events for intervention and control will not estimate a causal effect. This is well known, but post‐hoc analyses of this kind are commonly performed in drug development. An alternative approach is the principal stratum strategy, which classifies subjects according to their potential occurrence of an intercurrent event on both study arms. We illustrate with examples that questions formulated through principal strata occur naturally in drug development and argue that approaching these questions with the ICH E9(R1) estimand framework has the potential to lead to more transparent assumptions as well as more adequate analyses and conclusions. In addition, we provide an overview of assumptions required for estimation of effects in principal strata. Most of these assumptions are unverifiable and should hence be based on solid scientific understanding. Sensitivity analyses are needed to assess robustness of conclusions.
Consumer acceptance of product–service systems as alternative satisfiers of consumer needs for sustainable development
Authors: Kim Kee Ok , Hwang Hyesun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAs an alternative method of production and consumption in the pursuit of a sustainable society, product–service system (PSS) involves consumers in the process of value creation. This study uses an online survey comprising three questionnaires to investigate consumer acceptance of PSSs based on their expectations of the benefits of three types of PSS: product‐, use‐, and result‐oriented. The results indicate that consumers have higher expectations of the process benefits of result‐oriented PSSs and outcome benefits of product‐oriented PSSs. Furthermore, the results of general linear models indicate that consumers' intentions to purchase PSSs are influenced by expected benefits and consumer innovativeness. High levels of innovativeness among consumers moderate the effects of consumer expectations of outcome benefits on purchase intentions. This result implies that consumers who have lower levels of innovativeness exhibit reluctance to adopt PSSs, although they realize the benefits.