bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposed Research on the Relationships Between Innovation Competitiveness and Export Competitiveness in Central and Eastern European Countries
Authors: Salamaga Marcin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Research background: In the contemporary world, innovations are the driving force of economic development and new products, designs, trademarks and creative projects are of key importance to everyday economic decisions. Both economic theories and empirical research concern relations between innovations and foreign trade. This article belongs to this research trend and is devoted to an analysis of relations between innovations and export competitiveness in selected Central and Eastern European countries.

Purpose: The paper is aimed at assessing the impact of innovation competitiveness on export competitiveness in selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe.

Research methodology: The paper contains an analysis with the use of standardised innovation competitiveness and export competitiveness indices. Countries and industry sectors are analysed in terms of the frequency of occurrence of these indices with various combinations of their signs. The impact of innovation competitiveness on export competitiveness has been tested using dynamic models of panel data.

Results: The conducted research indicates that technological advantage usually has a considerable positive impact on the trade competitiveness of Central and Eastern European countries but the strength of the impact depends on the branch of industry. Generally, the influence of technological competitiveness on trade competitiveness is stronger in highly and moderately technologically advanced industries than in industries characterised by low technological advancement.

Novelty: The evaluation of the influence of innovation competitiveness on export competitiveness in Central and Eastern European countries using standardised competitiveness indices and a dynamic model of panel data is an added value in the paper.
Partial Correctness of a Fibonacci Algorithm
Authors: Korniłowicz Artur 
Published: April 2021

Summary
In this paper we introduce some notions to facilitate formulating and proving properties of iterative algorithms encoded in nominative data language [19] in the Mizar system [3], [1]. It is tested on verification of the partial correctness of an algorithm computing n-th Fibonacci number:

i := 0

s := 0

b := 1

c := 0

while (i <> n)

c := s

s := b

b := c + s

i := i + 1

return s

This paper continues verification of algorithms [10], [13], [12] written in terms of simple-named complex-valued nominative data [6], [8], [17], [11], [14], [15]. The validity of the algorithm is presented in terms of semantic Floyd-Hoare triples over such data [9]. Proofs of the correctness are based on an inference system for an extended Floyd-Hoare logic [2], [4] with partial pre- and post-conditions [16], [18], [7], [5].
Grothendieck Universes
Authors: Pąk Karol 
Published: April 2021

Summary
The foundation of the Mizar Mathematical Library [2], is first-order Tarski-Grothendieck set theory. However, the foundation explicitly refers only to Tarski’s Axiom A, which states that for every set X there is a Tarski universe U such that X ∈ U. In this article, we prove, using the Mizar [3] formalism, that the Grothendieck name is justified. We show the relationship between Tarski and Grothendieck universe.
First we prove in Theorem (17) that every Grothendieck universe satisfies Tarski’s Axiom A. Then in Theorem (18) we prove that every Grothendieck universe that contains a given set X, even the least (with respect to inclusion) denoted by GrothendieckUniverseX, has as a subset the least (with respect to inclusion) Tarski universe that contains X, denoted by the Tarski-ClassX. Since Tarski universes, as opposed to Grothendieck universes [5], might not be transitive (called epsilon-transitive in the Mizar Mathematical Library [1]) we focused our attention to demonstrate that Tarski-Class X ⊊ GrothendieckUniverse X for some X.
Then we show in Theorem (19) that Tarski-ClassX where X is the singleton of any infinite set is a proper subset of GrothendieckUniverseX. Finally we show that Tarski-Class X = GrothendieckUniverse X holds under the assumption that X is a transitive set.
The formalisation is an extension of the formalisation used in [4].
Comparing methods for assessing the health of regeneration in Scots pine culture
Authors: Sierota Zbigniew , Małecka Monika , Damszel Marta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study’s aim was to describe the health condition of Scots pine cultures of up to 10 years old using and comparing various field assessment methods. Since forest districts report on the health of stands annually, we assumed that for a proper health analysis it is necessary to develop a simple and yet reliable assessment method that allows for determining the share of fungal pathogen infection in the stand (both foliar and root pathogens) and their differentiation from symptoms of abiotic factors such as drought. Six different methods of health assessment were tested in selected Forest Districts across Poland. We found that the most reliable assessment of the health condition of young stands is obtained with the surface method ‘MF’ (phytopathological monitoring method) and the linear ‘Z’ method, which uses transects of 30 meters in three rows in the shape of the letter Z.
Multiplex detection ofPhytophthoraspp. using the Fluidigm platform
Authors: Sikora Katarzyna , Oszako Tomasz , Kubiak Katarzyna , Nowakowska Justyna Anna , Malewski Tadeusz 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe genusPhytophthoraplays an important role not only in agriculture but also in forest ecosystems. As the number of knownPhytophthoraspecies continues to grow, identifying new isolates in this genus has become increasingly challenging even by DNA sequencing. Therefore, the development of proper techniques for detection and identification is crucial for monitoring and control of these pathogens in the forestry sector. In recent years, new molecular methods using innovative approaches have indeed been developed. However, the majority of these methods was designed to detect singlePhytophthoraspecies. Techniques that are able to target multiple species would offer advantages, especially for the assessment of Phytophthora diversity in the environment. This paper describes a multiplex assay for the identification of eightPhytophthoraisolates, down to the species level, based on a Fluidigm platform employing pyrosequencing. The obtained results showed that for an accurate determination of the species, it is sufficient to know the sequence of two markers, ITS and COX1. The sensitivity of this test is sufficient to identifyPhytophthorain a pure culture. Unfortunately, analysis based on a pyrosequencing platform does not provide enough data to simultaneous identify multiplePhytophthoraspecies in samples collected in the field. This problem could be resolved in the future by sequencing using more efficient platforms like Illumina or IonTorrent.
Unexpected action and insecurity: some structural characteristics of postmodernity
Authors: Cocozza Antonio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This essay presents an analysis of the structural and cultural characteristics of postmodern society’s new capitalism, underscoring the fact that uncertainty, flexibility, mobility and risk are the latest categories of contemporary life, with which we need to interact and communicate constantly.
It is necessary to aim at governing uncertainty by activating a new logic of the diffused empowerment of people aimed at promoting value for all the stakeholders by sharing objectives, development plans and the joint redesign of technologies, structures and processes. This is a perspective which places the person at the centre of strategic action, relaunches a New Humanism, invests in the cultural dimension, enhances that of value with a view to surpassing theutilitarian and technocentric paradigm while asserting a new anthropocentric
Impact of Rest-Redistribution on Fatigue During Maximal Eccentric Knee Extensions
Authors: Merrigan Justin J. , Jones Margaret T. , Padecky Jan , Malecek Jan , Omcirk Dan , Scott Brendan R. , Tufano James J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Redistributing long inter-set rest intervals into shorter but more frequent rest intervals generally maintains concentric performance, possibly due to improved energy store maintenance. However, eccentric actions require less energy than concentric actions, meaning that shorter but more frequent sets may not affect eccentric actions to the same degree as concentric actions. Considering the increased popularity of eccentric exercise, the current study evaluated the effects of redistributing long inter-set rest periods into shorter but more frequent rest periods during eccentric only knee extensions. Eleven resistance-trained men performed 40 isokinetic unilateral knee extensions at 60°·s−1 with 285 s of total rest using traditional sets (TS; 4 sets of 10 with 95 s inter-set rest) and rest-redistribution (RR; 20 sets of 2 with 15 s inter-set rest). Before and during exercise, muscle oxygenation was measured via near-infrared spectroscopy, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded after every 10th repetition. There were no differences between protocols for peak torque (RR, 241.58±47.20 N; TS, 231.64±48.87 N; p=0.396) or total work (RR, 215.26±41.47 J; TS, 209.71±36.02 J; p=0.601), but moderate to large effect sizes existed in later repetitions (6,8,10) with greater peak torque during RR (d=0.66-1.19). For the entire session, RR had moderate effects on RPE (RR, 5.73±1.42; TS, 6.09±1.30; p=0.307; d=0.53) and large effects on oxygen saturation (RR, 5857.4±310.0; TS, 6495.8±273.8; p=0.002, d=2.13). Therefore, RR may maintain peak torque or total work during eccentric exercise, improve oxygen utilization at the muscle, and reduce the perceived effort.
The Effects of a 9-Week Hip Focused Weight Training Program on Hip And Knee Kinematics and Kinetics in Experienced Female Dancers
Authors: Rajic Sandro , Legg Hayley S. , Maurus Philipp , Nigg Sandro R. , Cleather Daniel J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIncreased involvement of the hip musculature during some movements is associated with enhanced performance and reduced injury risk. However, the impact of hip dominant weight training methods on movement strategy has seen limited attention within the literature. The aim of this study was to evaluate if a 9-week hip dominant weight training intervention promotes a more hip dominant movement strategy leading to an improvement in countermovement jump performance. Twenty-two experienced female dancers were recruited and separated into an intervention (age 24.4 ± 6.3 years, body height 165.5 ± 5.8 cm, body mass 65.9 ± 5.6 kg) and a control (age 22.9 ± 5.6 years, body height 163.3 ± 5.4 cm, body mass 57.4 ± 6.8 kg) group. The intervention group participated in a 9-week hip dominant training intervention, which consisted of a wide stance back squat, Romanian deadlift, hip thrusters, and a bent over row. Hip and knee kinematics and kinetics, and countermovement jump performance were assessed pre and post training. Significant interaction effects were found for peak hip joint moment (p = 0.030, η2 = 0.214) and countermovement jump performance (p = 0.003, η2 = 0.356), indicating an increase in peak hip joint moment and countermovement jump performance for the intervention group. Specifically, the intervention group showed a mean increase in jump height of 11.5%. The data show that the use of a hip dominant weight training strategy can improve hip contribution in the propulsion phase of the countermovement jump. Strength and conditioning specialists should incorporate hip dominant weight training exercises to increase hip strength and improve performance.
Statistical Comparison of Singles Badminton Matches at the London 2012 and Rio De Janeiro 2016 Olympic Games
Authors: Torres-Luque Gema , Carlos Blanca-Torres Juan , Cabello-Manrique David , Kondric Miran 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse statistical differences in men’s and women’s singles badminton competitions at the London and Rio Olympic Games. Forty-five matches (128 sets in total) played at the 2012 and 2016 Olympics in badminton were analysed. Variables related to the match (6) and each set (13) were determined. The results show the longest rally in sets 1 and 3, the biggest come back to win the game in set 2, and that the duration of set 3 for men was longer in Rio than in London. All of the women’s sets had longer duration, and the rally length and the number of strokes per rally was also longer in Rio versus London. In conclusion, the timing factors of badminton singles were dissimilar in London 2012 and Rio 2016 for both men and women. This information may help players and coaches manage different workout types or, more specifically, competition schedules that are adapted to suit modern badminton’s characteristics.
Match and Training High Intensity Activity-Demands Profile during a Competitive Mesocycle in Youth Elite Soccer Players
Authors: Oliva-Lozano José María , Gómez-Carmona Carlos David , Pino-Ortega José , Moreno-Pérez Víctor , Rodríguez-Pérez Manuel Antonio 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The monitoring of the high intensity activity-demands profile during official matches (OMs) and training sessions (TSs) provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between training and competition loads as well as players’ fitness characteristics. The aims of this study were to: 1) describe the training and match high intensity activity-demands profile in U-19 soccer players; 2) compare the profile depending on the type of session (OM or TS) throughout match-weeks; and 3) differentiate between profiles depending on the match location (home or away). Twenty-five U-19 Spanish soccer players were monitored during TSs and OMs for a one-month competitive period using a WIMU PROTM wearable inertial device. The variables of the study were: high speed running distance (HSRD), total sprints (SPs), maximum speed (MS) and player load (PL). OMs required higher demands than TSs in HSRD (460.99 ± 206.18 vs. 315.45 ± 180.12 m; p < 0.01; d = 0.75), SPs (10.86 ± 6.64 vs. 7.23 ± 4.82; p < 0.01; d = 0.69), MS (29.99 ± 2.54 vs. 28.50 ± 2.4 km/h; p < 0.01; d = 0.59) and PL (103.08 ± 24.15 vs. 83.18 ± 17.96 a.u.; p < 0.01; d = 0.94). The interaction between the type of session and mean week’s demands presented differences with medium effect size in MS (p < 0.01; ωp
2 = 0.06) and small effect size in HSRD (p = 0.04; ωp
2 = 0.03), and SP (p = 0.05; ωp
2 = 0.03), but there were no differences in PL (p = 0.18; ωp
2 = 0). Finally, no differences were found in the match location comparison (p > 0.33; d = 0.22–0.33). Therefore, the profiles presented could be useful for future scientific purposes and serve as valid information for coaches trying to optimize performance.
The Slovak v the Danish Labor Law Approach to COVID 19 Pandemic
Authors: Hamuľák Juraj , Nevická Denisa 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe corona virus pandemic affects the functioning of all states. It intervenes in various areas of life, and it is employment relations that we can consider to be the area with the most negative impact. The Slovak Republic is dealing with pandemic in terms of labor law with partial amendments to the Labor Code and a hybrid form of short time working (kurzarbeit). We therefore decided to point out the shortcomings of the legislation in the Slovak Republic as well as to propose solutions that would help alleviate rising unemployment but also adjust the labor market to the demand for modern and flexible forms of work. We also analyzed measures that were chosen by the Kingdom of Denmark to suppress the consequences of the pandemic and, in our opinion, were of a sustainable nature and met the requirements of the labor market subjects.
The Extension of the Jurisdiction of Constitutional Court in Assessing the Constitutional Amendments – the Case of Slovakia and Kosovo
Authors: Balaj Luz , Muçaj Florent 
Published: April 2021

Summary
This paper examines the jurisprudence of the constitutional courts of Slovakia and Kosovo regarding their assessment of the constitutionality of constitutional amendments. The rationale for the selected countries stands behind the practices of their Constitutional Courts of, in terms of the jurisdiction expansion in assessing constitutional amendments. Considering the fact that these courts have been recently established, the Slovak Constitutional Court with the Constitution of 1992 and the Constitutional Court of Kosovo with the Constitution of 2008, it is the purpose of this paper to further analyze their initial work in assessing the constitutionality of constitutional amendments in the light of the impact of the German jurisprudence. Regardless the lack of experience in this regard, these courts have shown an interesting correlation between scientific doctrines and jurisprudences, which have served the judges to justify their decisions. In this direction, this paper frames its discussion in two key segments. Firstly, is the manner in which these courts have expanded their jurisdiction, an expansion that provided an assess to the constitutionality of constitutional amendments that goes beyond confronting the amendment with the explicit nature of the unamendability of the constitution. Secondly, on the impact of the German jurisprudence, especially in the case of the Slovak Constitutional court.
VIDÍŠ TÝM LEPŠIE, ČÍM BLIŽŠIE SA POZERÁŠSLOVAK COMPARATIVE CORRELATIVE CC' CONSTRUCTIONS FROM A CONSTRUCTION GRAMMAR PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Horsch Jakob 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Slovak Comparative Correlative (CC) construction has received little attention, although it is interesting regarding both its semantics and its form: As discussed in Horsch (2019), CCs are characterized by their complex symmetric (parallel change over time) and asymmetric (cause-effect) semantics, which are encoded in a biclausal structure in which each clause consists of a combination of fixed material and obligatory/optional slots. Typically, the first clause (C1) encodes a cause/protasis, and precedes the second clause (C2), which encodes an effect/apodosis: [čím bližšie sa pozeráš,]C1[tým lepšie vidíš.]C2‘the closer you look, the better you see.’ However, there are also structures that retain the same meaning but in which C2 precedes C1 (often referred to as CC’): [Tým lepšie vidíš]C2[čím bližšie sa pozeráš.]C1. ‘You see the better, the closer you look.’ Additionally, there is a variant in Slovak where the clause precedes the clause-initial element and comparative element: [Vidíš tým lepšie,]C2[čím bližšie sa pozeráš.]C1.Embedded in a Usage-based Construction Grammar approach, this is the first large-scale corpus study to investigate the C2C1 order in Slovak, and how semantics influences its formal properties. It is argued that both the significantly higher amount of C1C2 order in the corpus data and the significantly higher amount of C2C1 structures in which the clause precedes the comparative element in C2 can be explained with the principle of iconicity (linguistic form is influenced by the semantics of a construction), which makes certain strings easier to process and thus leads to performance preference. From a cross-linguistic perspective, the present investigation provides evidence in support of Goldberg’s Tenet #5 (2003, p. 219), which posits that cross-linguistic generalizations can be accounted for with general cognitive constraints.
The Neuropeptide Kyotorphin as a Possible Biomarker and Neuroprotective Agent in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Angelova Hristina Tz. , Pechlivanova Daniela M. , Landzhov Boycho V. , Dzhambazova Elena B. 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder clinically characterized by memory impairment, disorientation, cognitive deficits, and behavioral disturbances. The neuropathological features are amyloid plaques containing aggregated amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, neurofibrillary tangles composed of the hyperphosphorylated form of the microtubule protein tau (HP-tau), and loss of neurons and synapses in the brain.
There are no effective strategies for the prevention or treatment of the disease, leading to an increased need for AD biomarkers to improve early detection, accurate diagnosis, and accelerate drug development in this field. Recently, increasing attention has been dedicated to neuropeptides in searching for new drug targets in the treatment of nervous system disorders. Available data suggest that many neuropeptides may be associated with the pathophysiology and potential therapy of AD because of their wide distribution in brain areas responsible for learning and memory processes and their predominately neuroprotective actions. This short review aimed to briefly describe the neuropathology of AD and summarize the data related to one of its recently proposed biomarker - kyotorphin (KTP) neuropeptide. Our previous experiments showed moderate and selective protective effects of KTP against the late consequences of the intracerebroventricular streptozotocin-induced AD model.
The Different Faces of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia -Two Clinical Cases
Authors: Popova Vanya S. , Ignatova Kalina K. , Nguen Dobromir D. , Tonchev Pencho T. , Todorieva Doroteya K. , Bogdanov Lachezar H. , Hristov Ivailo G. , Tzvetkov Nikolai Tz. 
Published: April 2021

Summary
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is one of the most common types of leukemia affecting adults over 65 years of age [1]. The disease is a part of the so-called indolent lymphomas and has a variable clinical course, defined by many factors. In recent years, knowing better the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease, significant advances in the treatment have been made [2]. Monoclonal antibodies, immunomodulators, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein inhibitors have been approved for clinical practice. Nevertheless, the development of tumor resistance and recurrence of the disease remains a challenge for hematologists, biologists, and pharmacists. We present two clinical cases of patients of both age groups (young adults and adults), in whom treatment was started with a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, after inadequate response to immunochemotherapy (CIT).