bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follow‐up evaluation of a web‐based pediatric brain tumor board in Latin America
Authors: Rosabal‐Obando Mariel , Osorio Diana S. , Lassaletta Alvaro , La Madrid Andrés Morales , Bartels Ute , Finlay Jonathan L. , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Rutkowski Stefan , Mynarek Martin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince 2013, pediatric oncologists from Central and South America discuss neuro‐oncology cases with experts from North America and Europe in a web‐based “Latin American Tumor Board” (LATB). Here, we evaluate the feasibility of recommendations rendered by the Board.MethodsAn electronic questionnaire was distributed to physicians who had received recommendations between October 2017 and October 2018. Physicians were asked regarding the feasibility of each recommendation given during the LATB discussion. Baseline case characteristics of all presented cases were obtained from anonymized minutes.ResultsOf the 142 patients discussed, data on 103 patients from 15 countries were available, corresponding to 283 recommendations. Physicians followed 60% of diagnostic procedural recommendations and 69% of therapeutic recommendations. The most difficult recommendations to follow were genetic and molecular testing, pathology review, chemotherapy, surgery, and molecular targeted therapies. Histological diagnoses changed in eight of 18 cases in which a pathology review was undertaken. Fifty‐four percent of the recommendations that could not be implemented were considered not feasible in the specific context of the patient, while 31% were not implemented due to a decision of the medical staff or the parents (15% not specified). However, 96% of respondents considered the recommendations useful.ConclusionRecommendations were frequently perceived as useful, and were applicable in the participating institutions. Nevertheless, limitations in availability of diagnostic procedures and treatment modalities affected the feasibility of some recommendations. Tele‐oncology tumor boards offer physicians from low‐ and middle‐income countries access to real‐time, high‐level subspecialist expertise and provide a valuable platform for worldwide information exchange.
A density functional theory investigation on bis(diethylamino)cyclopropenylidene catalyzed synthesis of 1,4‐bifunctional compounds
Authors: Shyam Abhijit , Pradhan Amit Kumar , Mondal Paritosh 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBis(amino)cyclopropenylidenes (BACs) are the newly discovered umpolung catalysts with potential applications in the synthesis of numerous important organic moieties. A plausible mechanism for bis(diethylamino)cyclopropenylidene (Et‐BAC) catalysed synthesis of 1,4‐diketones has been investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The proposed catalytic cycle initiates with the nucleophilic interaction of in situ generated Et‐BAC with p‐methoxybenzaldehyde to form a zwitterionic intermediate, which on proton transfer reaction gives Breslow intermediate. Breslow intermediate then favours 1,4‐umpolung addition reaction with chalcone followed by another proton transfer to regenerate the Et‐BAC along with enolic form of the product. Enolic form ultimately transforms into the desired keto form, 1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,4‐diphenylbutane‐1,4‐dione via protonated and free DBU aided proton shift mechanism. DFT‐derived reactivity parameters along with frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis have been successfully utilised to reveal the umpolung efficacy of Et‐BAC. This DFT exploration is in good accordance with experimental findings and also offers a deeper insight into the Et‐BAC catalysed organic transformations.
Transparent and toughening epoxy thermosets modified by linear telechelic polymer containing rigid spiroacetal moieties: Uncovering the relationship between the heterogeneous crosslinked network and thermoset performances
Authors: Zheng Yaochen , Song Peng , Liu Shaoxiang , Wu Mengqing , Xu Hui , Qiao Chenghui , Liu Jian , Gao Zhengguo , Ban Qingfu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSpiroacetal moieties containing linear telechelic polymers (LTPs) with two terminal epoxy groups were facilely synthesized via the successive thiol‐ene and thiol‐epoxy click additions. The LTPs were incorporated into epoxy matrix to fabricate the transparent and toughening thermosets. In term of the miscibility of epoxy with the adduct of ethanedithiol and 3,9‐divinyl‐2,4,8,10‐tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane (BTU), it is proposed that the size of the formed nanostructures was small enough to allow light penetrate. Therefore, the modified thermosets were transparent, which was further confirmed by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. The LTPs with an alternating structure of rigid spiroacetal moiety and soft thioether could formed heterogeneous crosslinked networks (HCNs) and obviously toughen epoxy thermosets. Flexural strength increased from 1.06 GPa for neat epoxy to 2.09 GPa for toughening thermosets modified with 15 wt% LTPs. The stress field intensity (KIC) value reached up to 3.93 by more than 125% compared with that of the control sample (1.75). This work uncovered the role of HCNs on performance and paved a way for technological advances toward transparent and toughening materials in epoxy thermosets.
Is patient participation in multidisciplinary tumor conferences associated with their fear of progression?
Authors: Diekmann Annika , Schellenberger Barbara , Reck Sebastian , Heuser Christian , Geiser Franziska , Wirtz Markus , Ansmann Lena , Ernstmann Nicole 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposePrevious studies found that some breast cancer patients in Germany are invited to participate in a multidisciplinary tumor conference (MTC) during the discussion of their own case. MTCs are regular meetings of a treatment team in which the diagnosis and treatment plan of cancer patients are discussed. Psychological consequences concerning the patients' participation in an MTC have not been examined yet. This study examines the association between patients' participation in MTC and patients' fear of progression (FoP).MethodsThis analysis is part of a larger project named “Patient participation in multidisciplinary tumor conferences in Breast Cancer Care” (PINTU) which is a multicenter observational mixed‐methods study. The study was conducted in six breast and gynecological cancer centers in North Rhine‐Westphalia, Germany. Data were collected from 2018 to 2020 by patient survey at three time points. Patients with (n = 81) and without (n = 120) MTC participation were compared. FoP was measured with a 12‐item short form of the FoP Questionnaire (FoP‐Q‐SF) at all three measurement time points. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, a one‐way repeated variance analysis (ANOVA), and a one‐way repeated ANCOVA using the propensity score as a covariate.ResultsData of n = 201 patients were included in the analysis. In general, FoP scores decreased in both groups from T0 to T2 (F = 36.539, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.155). Non‐participating patients did not differ with regard to their FoP from patients who participated in an MTC before and after participation. The results of AN(C)OVA revealed no significant effects concerning the influence of patient participation in an MTC on FoP (F = 0.014, p = 0.907, η2 = <0.001 and (F = 0.013, p = 0.909, η2 = <0.001).ConclusionSince the FoP is not influenced by participation, the findings do not support recommendations for or against patient participation in an MTC. Further research should focus on the question of which patient groups might benefit from participation in an MTC with regard to which outcome variables.
Change in cognition before and after non‐central nervous system cancer diagnosis: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: van der Willik Kimberly D. , Jóźwiak Katarzyna , Hauptmann Michael , van de Velde Edolie E.D. , Compter Annette , Ruiter Rikje , Stricker Bruno H. , Ikram M. Arfan , Schagen Sanne B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveClinical studies showing that non‐central nervous system cancer patients can develop cognitive impairment have primarily focused on patients with specific cancer types and intensive treatments. To better understand the course of cognitive function in the general population of cancer patients, we assessed cognitive trajectories of patients before and after cancer diagnosis in a population‐based setting.MethodsBetween 1989 and 2014, 2211 participants from the population‐based Rotterdam study had been diagnosed with cancer of whom 718 (32.5%) had undergone ≥1 cognitive assessment before and after diagnosis. Cognition was measured every 3 to 6 years using a neuropsychological battery. Linear mixed models were used to compare cognitive trajectories of patients before and after diagnosis with those of age‐matched cancer‐free controls (1:3).ResultsMedian age at cancer diagnosis was 70.3 years and 47.1% were women. Most patients (68.1%) had received local treatment only. Cognitive trajectories of patients before and after cancer diagnosis were largely similar to those of controls. After diagnosis, the largest difference was found on a memory test (patients declined with 0.14 units per year on the Word Learning Test: delayed recall [95% CI = −0.35; 0.07] and controls with 0.09 units [95% CI = −0.18;‐0.00], p for difference = .59).ConclusionsIn this longitudinal cohort, cancer did not appear to alter the trajectory of change in cognitive test results over time from that seen in similar individuals without cancer, although most cancer patients did not receive systemic therapies. Future studies should focus on identifying subgroups of patients who are at high risk for developing cognitive impairment.
Identification of a five gene signature to predict time to biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Corradi John P. , Cumarasamy Christine White , Staff Ilene , Tortora Joseph , Salner Andrew , McLaughlin Tara , Wagner Joseph 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundIdentification of novel biomarkers associated with high‐risk prostate cancer or biochemical recurrence can drive improvement in detection, prognosis, and treatment. However, studies can be limited by small sample sizes and sparse clinical follow‐up data. We utilized a large sample of prostate specimens to identify a predictive model of biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy and we validated this model in two external data sets.MethodsWe analyzed prostate specimens from patients undergoing radical prostatectomy at Hartford Hospital between 2008 and 2011. RNA isolated from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded prostates was hybridized to a custom Affymetrix microarray. Regularized (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator [Lasso]) Cox regression was performed with cross‐validation to identify a model that incorporated gene expression and clinical factors to predict biochemical recurrence, defined as postoperative prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) > 0.2 ng/ml or receipt of triggered salvage treatment. Model performance was assessed using time‐dependent receiver operating curve (ROC) curves and survival plots.ResultsA total of 606 prostate specimens with gene expression and both pre‐ and postoperative PSA data were available for analysis. We identified a model that included Gleason grade and stage as well as five genes (CNRIP1, endoplasmic reticulum protein 44 [ERP44], metaxin‐2 [MTX2], Ras homolog family member U [RHOU], and OXR1). Using the Lasso method, we determined that the five gene model independently predicted biochemical recurrence better than a model that included Gleason grade and tumor stage alone. The time‐dependent ROCAUC for the five gene signature including Gleason grade and tumor stage was 0.868 compared to an AUC of 0.767 when Gleason grade and tumor stage were included alone. Low and high‐risk groups displayed significant differences in their recurrence‐free survival curves. The predictive model was subsequently validated on two independent data sets identified through the Gene Expression Omnibus. The model included genes (RHOU, MTX2, and ERP44) that have previously been implicated in prostate cancer biology.ConclusionsExpression of a small number of genes is associated with an increased risk of biochemical recurrence independent of classical pathological hallmarks.
Antipsychotic drugs elicit cytotoxicity in glioblastoma multiforme in a calcium‐dependent, non‐D2 receptor‐dependent, manner
Authors: Weissenrieder Jillian S. , Reed Jessie L. , Moldovan George‐Lucian , Johnson Martin T. , Trebak Mohamed , Neighbors Jeffrey D. , Mailman Richard B. , Hohl Raymond J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDopamine D2‐like receptor antagonists have been suggested as being potential anticancer therapeutics with specific utility for central nervous system cancers due to their ability to cross the blood‐brain barrier. Despite a plethora of data reporting anticancer effects for D2R antagonists in cell or animal studies, the ligand concentrations or doses required to achieve such effects greatly exceed the levels known to cause high degrees of occupancy of the D2 receptor. To resolve this conundrum, we interrogated a panel of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines using D2 antagonists of varying chemotype. We studied the cytotoxic effects of these compounds, and also ascertained the expression of D2 receptors (D2R) on these cells. Although several chemotypes of D2R antagonists, including phenothiazines and phenylbutylpiperidines, were effective against GBM cell line cultures, the highly selective antagonist remoxipride had no anticancer activity at biologically relevant concentrations. Moreover the D2R antagonist‐induced cytotoxicity in monolayer cultures was independent of whether the cells expressed D2R. Instead, cytotoxicity was associated with a rapid, high‐magnitude calcium flux into the cytoplasm and mitochondria, which then induced depolarization and apoptosis. Blocking this flux protected the GBM cell lines U87MG, U251MG, and A172. Together, these data suggest that the cytotoxicity of these D2R antagonists involves calcium signaling mechanisms, not D2R antagonism. Repurposing of existing drugs should focus on the former, not latter, mechanism.
Complex delayed and transgenerational effects driven by the interaction of heat and insecticide in the maternal generation of the wheat aphid, Sitobion avenae
Authors: Cao Jun‐Yu , Xing Kun , Zhao Fei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDExperience of an earlier environment plays an important role in the induction of delayed and even intergenerational phenotypes of an organism. Evidence suggests that rapid adaptation to an environmental stressor can change the performance of organisms, and even enable them to deal with other stressors. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of adult imidacloprid exposure on life‐history traits within and between generations of the cereal aphid, Sitobion avenae, under three developmental conditions: constant temperature, 22°C; a low‐intensity thermal condition, 22 + 34°C for 2 h per day; and a high‐intensity thermal condition, 22 + 38°C for 2 h per day.RESULTSEarly thermal experience not only changed the tolerance of S. avenae to the insecticide, imidacloprid, but also caused adults to incur fitness costs: the higher the heat intensity, the higher the costs. Negative transgenerational impacts of combined heat and insecticide stressors were limited to the developmental stage, whereas positive stimulation of heat intensity was observed during the adult stage. Overall, nymphal thermal experience exacerbated the detrimental effects of adult insecticidal exposure on the intrinsic rate of population increase in the maternal generation, but stimulated a net reproductive rate in the succeeding offspring generation.CONCLUSIONThese findings underpin the importance of considering the experience of the early developmental environment, but also enhance our understanding of the transgenerational effects of combined thermal and insecticide stressors on the population fate of S. avenae. They also help to assess the efficacy of chemical control in a warming world. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Change‐points‐based software scheduling
Authors: Shrivastava Avinash K. , Kapur P.K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSoftware reliability literature consists of various change‐point‐based software reliability growth models and related release time problems. The primary assumption of the existing models is the existence of change‐point before software release time only. This does not look practical as the testing team becomes more proficient in detecting the faults due to their continuous involvement in software development by the software release time. Hence the fault detection rate in the pre‐ and postrelease phase is not the same. To capture this change in fault detection rate in the pre‐ and postrelease testing phase, we propose a new software reliability modeling framework by considering two change‐points during the software lifecycle; that is, there exists a change‐point before release time and release time as a change‐point. Further, in the last one‐decade software firms have changed their strategy of stop testing the software after release and continue to test even after release to remove the number of faults to provide better user experiences. This phenomenon attracted academicians to develop theoretical as well empirical study on postrelease testing and formulation of related release time problem. In this paper, we propose a software cost model to determine optimal release and testing stop time considering under the assumption of two change‐points as mentioned above. The proposed model is validated on real‐life data set.
Variation in soil‐test‐based phosphorus and potassium rate recommendations across the southern USA
Authors: Zhang Hailin , Antonangelo Joao , Grove John , Osmond Deanna , Slaton Nathan A. , Alford Shannon , Florence Robert , Huluka Gobena , Hardy David Herring , Lessl Jason , Maguire Rory , Mylavarapu Rao , Oldham J. Larry , Pena‐Yewtukhiw Eugenia M. , Provin Tony , Sonon Leticia , Sotomayor David , Wang Jim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThirteen states associated with the Southern Extension and Research Activities Information Exchange Group‐6 (SERA‐IEG‐6) agreed to share their soil test based P and K rate recommendations for nine major crops. The objectives were to compare fertilizer P and K rate recommendations, to look for opportunities to rationalize similar recommendations across state lines, and to examine challenges to the development of a cooperative regional approach to P and K recommendations. Mehlich‐3 (eight states), Mehlich‐1 (five states), or Lancaster (one state) extractions were the basis of plant available soil P (STP) and K (STK) assessment. Fertilizer recommendation philosophies (sufficiency, build and maintain, and/or hybrid) variation among the states might be the main reason behind such discrepancies. Although a few similarities in P and K rate recommendations were found, the different philosophies, numerical presentations, and extraction procedures drove important recommendation differences. Widespread adoption of the Mehlich‐3 extraction procedure has not reduced variation in fertilizer P and K rate recommendations among the states. Instead, for states using Mehlich 3, soil test critical concentrations ranged from 30 to 75 mg P kg–1 and 60 to 175 mg K kg–1 for corn (Zea mays L.) grain and warm‐season grass hay production. The adoption of uniform soil testing terminology, sample collection guidelines, extraction methods, and interpretations across common physiographic regions, soils, and state lines remains a challenge. Differences arise because of the different soil orders and properties, climate conditions, and resulting crop responses to added P and K fertilizers. Such differences in soil‐test‐based fertilizer P and K recommendations are state specific and highlight needs to examine the soil testing and recommendation process, make soil test results end‐user friendly, and, when appropriate, standardize fundamental information used in the soil testing guidelines.
Ajalon: Simplifying the authoring of wearable cognitive assistants
Authors: Pham Truong An , Wang Junjue , Iyengar Roger , Xiao Yu , Pillai Padmanabhan , Klatzky Roberta , Satyanarayanan Mahadev 
Published: May 2021

SummaryWearable Cognitive Assistance (WCA) amplifies human cognition in real time through a wearable device and low‐latency wireless access to edge computing infrastructure. It is inspired by, and broadens, the metaphor of GPS navigation tools that provide real‐time step‐by‐step guidance, with prompt error detection and correction. WCA applications are likely to be transformative in education, health care, industrial troubleshooting, manufacturing, assisted driving, and sports training. Today, WCA application development is difficult and slow, requiring skills in areas such as machine learning and computer vision that are not widespread among software developers. This paper describesAjalon,an authoring toolchain for WCA applications that reduces the skill and effort needed at each step of the development pipeline. Our evaluation shows that Ajalon significantly reduces the effort needed to create new WCA applications.
Does synaptic hypometabolism or synaptic dysfunction, originate cognitive loss? Analysis of the evidence
Authors: Fessel Jeffrey 
Published: May 2021

AbstractElderly persons with currently normal cognition who have cerebral hypometabolism as shown by low uptake
of 18fluorine‐fluorodeoxyglucose (18F‐FDG), are at risk of future loss of cognition and, thus, of future Alzheimer's dementia (AD). Reduction of either 18F‐FDG or cognition is assumed to reflect synaptic dysfunction, since synapses account for the majority of glucose use by the brain and cognition depends upon accurate synaptic function. The chronology of the connection between reduced cerebral synaptic function and hypometabolism is, therefore, a critical question, because if synaptic dysfunction came first, then correcting the hypometabolism would likely not benefit synaptic function; but if hypometabolism came first, then correcting the hypometabolism probably would benefit synaptic function. That correction might prevent initiation of the cognitive loss that eventuates in AD and, thereby, would benefit the vast numbers of persons in their eighth to tenth decades of life who are at risk for AD. Among the many citations reviewed in this presentation, seven show hypometabolism that precedes synaptic dysfunction, and two show the reverse. Thus the preponderance of evidence, 78%, suggests that the initiating event is synaptic hypometabolism and that it is 3.5‐fold less likely that synaptic dysfunction is the initiator. In addition, it is inherently unlikely that synaptic dysfunction causes hypometabolism. This conclusion could be tested by a clinical trial whose primary objective would be to assess the benefit to cognition of improving synaptic metabolism in patients who are at risk for cognitive loss.