bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomaly detection in autonomous electric vehicles using AI techniques: A comprehensive survey
Authors: Dixit Palak , Bhattacharya Pronaya , Tanwar Sudeep , Gupta Rajesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe next wave in smart transportation is directed towards the design of renewable energy sources that can fuel automobile sector to shift towards the autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs). AEVs are sensor‐driven and driverless that uses artificial intelligence (AI)‐based interactions in Internet‐of‐vehicles (IoV) ecosystems. AEVs can reduce carbon footprints and trade energy with peer AEVs, smart grids (SG), and roadside units (RSUs). It supports green transportation vision. However, the sensor information, energy units, and user data are exchanged through open channels, and thus, are susceptible to various security and privacy attacks. Thus, AEVs can be remotely operated and directed by malicious entities that can propagate false updates to the peer nodes in IoV environment. This can cause the failure of components, congestion, as well as the entire disruption of IoV network. Globally researchers and security analysts have addressed solutions that pertain to specific security requirements, but still, the detection and classification of malicious AEVs is a widely studied topic. Malicious AEVs exhibit an anomaly behavior that differentiates them from normal AEVs, and thereby, the detection of anomalous AEVs and classification of anomaly type is required. Motivated from the aforementioned facts, the survey presents a systematic outlook of AI techniques in anomaly detection of AEVs. A solution taxonomy is proposed based on research gaps in the existing surveys, and the evaluation metrics for AI‐based anomaly detection are discussed. The open challenges and issues in AI deployments are discussed and a case study is presented on anomaly classification through a weighted ensemble technique. Thus, the proposed survey is designed to guide the manufacturing industry, AI practitioners, and researchers worldwide to formulate and design accurate and precise mechanisms to detect anomalies.
Intelligent “Internet Plus” services in the first case of home hemodialysis in mainland China
Authors: Ni Zhaohui , Zhou Yijun , Lu Renhua , Shen Jianxiao , Zhao Li , Jin Haijiao , Zhang Haifen , Zhang Bin , Li Zhenyuan , Fang Yan , Fang Wei , Wang Qin , Gu Leyi , Zhang Weiming , Zhang Jidong , Mou Shan , Li Weiping 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany studies have shown that compared with those who use other dialysis modalities, patients using home hemodialysis (HHD) have an increased rate of survival and better quality of life. It was noted in 2006 that there was opportunity for significant expansion of the use of HHD in many countries. China covers a vast area and has a large amount of end‐stage renal failure patients. But in mainland China, all dialysis treatments are in‐center, and the number of HHD patients is zero. In 2018, our hospital received the permission of the Shanghai government to carry out HHD.Case presentationWe initiated four incident hemodialysis patients on an HHD regimen, one patient has been dialyzed in the home safely for 8 months. The biochemical parameters of the first patient remained stable on the regimen and he achieved standard Kt/V urea targets. Treatment‐related adverse events were not reported during the follow‐up. We combined HHD with intelligent “Internet Plus” real‐time remote monitoring and introduced the Internet, especially visualization software, to replace traditional telephone and home visit methods. It is more intuitive and quicker to assist patients in performing home hemodialysis and improve the safety of treatment.ConclusionsHHD can be performed by selected trained patients in mainland China. Combined with the internet, visualization software, and traditional telephone and home visits, it is intuitive and quick to assist patients in carrying out HHD and improve the safety of treatment. HHD broadens the choices for uremia patients in China.
Comparison of the plaque regrowth inhibition effects of oil pulling therapy with sesame oil or coconut oil using 4‐day plaque regrowth study model: A randomized crossover clinical trial
Authors: Sezgin Yasemin , Memis Ozgul Betul , Maraş Muhammed Enes , Alptekin Nilgun Ozlem 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the plaque‐inhibiting effects of oil pulling therapy with sesame oil or coconut oil using 4‐day plaque regrowth study model.MethodsThis clinical observer‐masked, randomized, crossover designed study involved 24 participants. The participants received professional prophylaxis in the preparatory period and after that subjects started to use the allocated mouthrinse (coconut oil or sesame oil). On day 5, periodontal clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), stain index (SI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Subjects underwent a 14‐day wash out period and then used the other mouthrinse for 4 days.ResultsOil pulling therapy with coconut oil or sesame oil exhibited similar plaque regrowth inhibition (PI = 1.60 ± 0.28 and 1.49 ± 0.22, for oil pulling with coconut oil and sesame oil, respectively) and tooth staining (SI = 0.20 ± 0.11 and 0.21 ± 0.09, for oil pulling with coconut oil and sesame oil, respectively.) In addition, GI and BOP were similar in both groups (GI = 0.61 ± 0.19 and 0.69 ± 0.16; BOP = 0.09 ± 0.24 and 0.03 ± 0.03 for oil pulling with coconut oil and sesame oil, respectively).ConclusionsOil pulling therapy with coconut or sesame oil showed similar results in terms of plaque regrowth inhibition and tooth staining. According to the present results, both coconut oil and sesame oil can be used for oil pulling therapy with the aim of plaque regrowth inhibition.
Erythropoiesis changes with increasing age in the elderly Chinese
Authors: Chen Si , Liu Yuan , Cai Lili , Ren Chunyun , Xiong Tie , Jin Ling , Nong Shaoyun , Chen Qian , Li Yao , Cong Yulong , Jiang Hong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroductionErythropoiesis slowly decreases with increasing age, which may be reflected in red blood cell (RBC) parameters. This multicentre collaborative study aimed to investigate the changes in erythropoiesis with increasing age in a healthy Chinese population.MethodsA total of 14,591 healthy individuals (6,713 aged at least 60 y and 7,878 aged below 60 y) from seven cities across China were enrolled. K2‐EDTA anticoagulant blood samples were analysed. The results are presented as median and 2.5‐97.5th percentile.ResultsRBC parameters showed some differences between the two groups divided by the age of 60 in the Chinese population. The median, 2.5th and 97.5th percentile values of RBC, haemoglobin (HGB) and haematocrit (HCT) in patients aged ≥ 60 y were significantly lower than in those ˂ 60 y. The values of mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell haemoglobin (MCH) and red cell distribution width (RDW) were higher in the group aged ≥ 60 y. Men had significantly higher RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH and RDW indices than women. The prevalence of anaemia gradually increased with age in men and was higher than that in women after 50. The median haemoglobin and MCV in Nanning and Guangzhou were lower than those in other regions.ConclusionRBC parameters varied with increasing age and differed between males and females, indicating that erythropoiesis decreases in the elderly Chinese population. Subsequent studies should be conducted for age‐ and sex‐specific reference intervals in healthy elderly Chinese populations.
Pension coverage in Latin America: Trends and inequalities
Authors: Mesa‐Lago Carmelo , Cruz Saco María Amparo , Gil Mirian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUsing household surveys from 17 Latin American countries over 2009–2018, we analyze contributory pension coverage for the economically active population (EAP) and contributory/non‐contributory pension coverage for older persons. Nine countries have “private” and eight have “public” pension systems. Inequalities in gender, income, education, location and firm size affect both coverage of the EAP and the elderly. Rather than being affected by the type of pension system – private or public –, coverage depends on structural features of the labour market and public policy interventions. Our findings confirm current understanding that level of development is directly related with coverage whereas inequality and informality are inversely related with coverage. Based on these results, we recomend policy interventions.
Effects of interventions on rumination among individuals with cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Öcalan Sinem , Üzar‐Özçetin Yeter Sinem 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThis study aimed to examine the effects of interventions on rumination among individuals with cancer.DesignA systematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesSix databases (Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PsyArticles, CINAHL, PubMed and Web of Science) were searched for relevant articles published between January 2000 and April 2020.Review methodsThe findings of experimental studies (including both experimental and control groups) related to interventions to effect rumination of individuals with cancer were included. Comprehensive meta‐analysis was used to analyse the data. Hedges’ g and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to estimate the effect. Additionally, funnel plots were created and heterogeneity was analysed using the I2 test. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) was used.ResultsEight studies, which included a total sample of 856 individuals with cancer, were included. Half of the studies (n = 4) were randomised controlled trials, and six of them had conducted mindfulness‐based interventions. The interventions had significant effects on rumination among individuals with cancer (z = −2.356, Q = 167.663, p < 0.001, I2 = 95.825%). The effect size was −0.894 (95% CI = [−1.638, −0.150]) and statistically significant (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe interventions had reduced rumination among individuals with cancer. These effects should be interpreted with caution because there was a high level of heterogeneity. However, only a few studies were included, and the findings underscore the need for further research.ImpactMany individuals are likely to benefit from rumination‐focused interventions, especially mindfulness‐based interventions. Nurses should utilise available opportunities to facilitate the optimal management of cancer‐related rumination.
A Criminal Law for Semicitizens
Authors: Coca‐Vila Ivó , Irarrázaval Cristián 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTA significant number of influential philosophical theorists of punishment argue that only those who enjoy the status of citizenship in a political community can legitimately be punished by that polity. Yet, the strength of this approach wanes when these scholars treat individuals who clearly do not respond to their idealised conception of citizenship (such as asylum seekers, disenfranchised offenders, and tourists) as if they were fully fledged citizens. This article argues that ‘citizen criminal law’ can only be theoretically feasible in today's world if it abandons the binary position between ‘full citizens’ and ‘noncitizens’ and recognises the everlasting presence of certain types of ‘semicitizens’. Thus, citizenship should be conceived as a scalar phenomenon. Based on a typological approach to the different forms of semicitizenship, we argue that the strength of the political bond between offenders and the political community must be considered when gauging punishment severity. The weaker the bond, the more lenient the punishment should be.
Dissection, in vivo imaging and analysis of the mouse epitrochleoanconeus muscle
Authors: Villarroel‐Campos David , Schiavo Giampietro , Sleigh James N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnalysis of rodent muscles affords an opportunity to glean key insights into neuromuscular development and the detrimental impact of disease‐causing genetic mutations. Muscles of the distal leg, for instance the gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior, are commonly used in such studies with mice and rats. However, thin and flat muscles, which can be dissected, processed and imaged without major disruption to muscle fibres and nerve‐muscle contacts, are more suitable for accurate and detailed analyses of the peripheral motor nervous system. One such wholemount muscle is the predominantly fast twitch epitrochleoanconeus (ETA), which is located in the upper forelimb, innervated by the radial nerve, and contains relatively large and uniformly flat neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). To facilitate incorporation of the ETA into the experimental toolkit of the neuromuscular disease field, here, we describe a simple method for its rapid isolation (<5 min), supported by high‐resolution videos and step‐by‐step images. Furthermore, we outline how the ETA can be imaged in live, anaesthetised mice, to enable examination of dynamic cellular processes occurring at the NMJ and within intramuscular axons, including transport of organelles, such as mitochondria and signalling endosomes. Finally, we present reference data on wild‐type ETA fibre‐type composition in young adult, male C57BL6/J mice. Comparative neuroanatomical studies of different muscles in rodent models of disease can generate critical insights into pathogenesis and pathology; dissection of the wholemount ETA provides the possibility to diversify the repertoire of muscles analysed for this endeavour.
The effect of cold application on episiotomy pain: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Şolt Kırca Ayça , Korkut Öksüz Sevda , Murat Naci 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of cold application methods in reducing postpartum episiotomy pain.BackgroundMany women suffer from pain after giving birth due to an episiotomy. This prolonged pain affects their daily lives as they recover. Various methods can help alleviate this pain; however, the effects of cold application specifically are still under discussion.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis were used.MethodsIn this review, we investigated studies from the CINAHL, PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases that met PICOS inclusion criteria. We also assessed the studies' methodological quality with the JADAD and JBI checklists. This study was performed based on the Guidelines of Systematic Reporting of Examination presented in the PRISMA checklist (Appendix S1). The search protocol has been registered at the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews.ResultsA total of seven published studies including 700 total participants were included in this review. Various cold application methods (cold gel pack/pad, crushed ice gel pad, ice pack) significantly reduced the pain after an episiotomy. Ice packs in particular did not significantly differ from lavender oil and acupressure in reducing pain after an episiotomy.ConclusionsCold application methods can be an effective, non‐pharmacological midwifery and nursing intervention to reduce pain after an episiotomy.Relevance to clinical practiceThe use of cold application methods to reduce pain after episiotomy may reduce the need for pharmacological medication in women due to the reduction in pain in the perineum.
Prognostic value of tertiary lymphoid structures in early clinical stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Cheng , Huang Zhengxian , Zhang Ming , Xiong Gan , Chen Xiaohua , Xie Nan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTertiary lymphoid structures have been observed in several solid tumors and suggested to be a favorable prognostic factor. However, the prognostic value of tertiary lymphoid structures for early clinical stage (cT1/2N0) oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of tertiary lymphoid structures in cT1/2N0 stage OTSCC.MethodsNinety‐seven patients with cT1/2N0 stage OTSCC were enrolled in this study. Tertiary lymphoid structures were assessed in paraffin sections with H.E and immunohistochemistry staining. Overall and disease‐free survivals were evaluated by the Kaplan‐Meier method. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess their prognostic value.ResultsTertiary lymphoid structures can be readily identified in cT1/2N0 stage OTSCC, including early tertiary lymphoid structures, primary follicle‐like tertiary lymphoid structures, and secondary follicle‐like tertiary lymphoid structures. Its frequency in OTSCC was 76.3% in the cohort. The presence of tertiary lymphoid structures was associated with favorable overall survival (p = 0.0176) and disease‐free survival (p = 0.0183) in early clinical stage OTSCC. Cox regression models showed that tertiary lymphoid structures can serve as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (HR = 0.434, 95% CI = 0.212–0.886, p = 0.022) and disease‐free survival (HR = 0.459, 95% CI = 0.235–0.897, p = 0.023) in early clinical stage OTSCC. The group of low maturity of TLS combined with pN positive had the lowest overall survival (p = 0.0094) and disease‐free survival (p = 0.0028).ConclusionsTertiary lymphoid structures are frequently observed in OTSCC. It is associated with a favorable prognosis for patients with cT1/2N0 stage OTSCC and may be used to predict immunotherapy sensitivity.
Short‐term stress responses and recovery of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera, Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) juvenile sporophytes to a simulated marine heatwave and nitrate scarcity1
Authors: Umanzor Schery , Sandoval‐Gil José , Sánchez‐Barredo Mariana , Ladah Lydia B. , Ramírez‐García Mary‐Mar , Zertuche‐González José Antonio 
Published: June 2021

The frequency of marine heatwaves (MHWs) is increasing due to climate change. Although seaweeds are resilient to environmental changes, an increasing body of evidence shows that rising sea surface temperatures have deleterious effects on temperate kelp species. However, information on the vulnerability of juvenile kelp to these stressors and their population stability is limited. This study summarizes findings on the ability of juvenile sporophytes of Macrocystis pyrifera to survive and recover from simulated MHW conditions (22°C, 5 d) in combination with nitrate limitation (<1 µM) by evaluating photosynthetic capacity, nitrate uptake, tissue composition, bio‐optical properties, and oxidative stress of single‐blade juvenile sporophytes (<20 cm). Temperature, nitrate availability, and their interaction had significant effects on the physiological status of juvenile sporophytes after the exposure and recovery periods. Overall, as expected, the photosynthetic capacity of juvenile sporophytes decreased with increased temperature and lower nitrate availability. Short‐term exposure to simulated MHWs resulted in oxidative damage and reduced growth. The termination of the experimental warming allowed partial recovery to control values, indicating high physiological resilience. However, the interaction of both high temperature and nitrate scarcity induced irreversible damage to their photosynthetic capacity, with an increase in compensation irradiance, highlighting potential limitations in the carbon balance of juvenile sporophytes.
Going to sleep and going to school: Linking bedtime to student absenteeism
Authors: Gottfried Michael A. , Kirksey J. Jacob 
Published: June 2021

SummaryEducators continuously regard health as being a major driver of school attendance. While physical health factors have been explored in regards to reducing student absenteeism, no attention has been given to the role of bedtime. The present study explored associations between having a regular bedtime, the hour of going to sleep, and school start time to student attendance. Our findings indicate that a regular bedtime reduces kindergartners’ absences and decreases their likelihood of being chronically absent. However, the time of bed was not associated with absenteeism, nor was the start time of kindergarten each morning. Potential mechanisms involve school‐going routines and practices, and therefore we discuss how schools and communities can play an influential role in helping to address student absenteeism.
Direct and indirect effects of global change on mycorrhizal associations of savanna plant communities
Authors: Pérez‐Ramos Ignacio M. , Álvarez‐Méndez Andrea , Wald Katharina , Matías Luis , Hidalgo‐Galvez María D. , Navarro‐Fernández Carmen M. 
Published: June 2021

Mycorrhizal fungi are key components of whole‐plant adaptive strategies to cope with different abiotic and biotic constraints. Although they are particularly sensitive to different global change drivers, there are still many gaps on the mechanisms underpinning shifts in mycorrhizal associations under different climatic and management scenarios.We carried out a field manipulative experiment of rainfall exclusion and increased temperature aimed to evaluate the impact of forecasted warming and drying on mycorrhizal associations of savanna plant communities subjected to different grazing history. Additionally, we compiled detailed information on the abiotic and biotic environment with the final aim of disentangling the direct and indirect effects of climate change on this widespread mycorrhizal symbiosis.Our results suggest that climate change could induce relevant changes in mycorrhizal associations, primarily promoted by warming, which decreased the abundance of mycorrhizae but induced higher activity of nutrient exchange between the host–plant and the mycosymbiont. Temperature did not only affect this symbiosis in a direct way, but also exerted relevant indirect effects via changes in soil functioning and other root‐colonizing microorganisms such as dark septate endophytes. Grazing history influenced the allocation of fungal structures inside the host‐root, but its effect differed as a function of the climatic treatment.Results from this study suggest that mycorrhizal fungi might become less prevalent in plant communities inhabiting savanna ecosystems under future scenarios of increasing aridity. In agreement with this finding, higher temperatures also promoted the predominance of plants with root traits that favour efficient resource acquisition by themselves without the help of a mycorrhizal partner. Our results provide new insights into the interactive effects of the two main threats facing Mediterranean savanna ecosystems, as well as potentially useful information to be applied in ecologically‐based management strategies aimed at attenuating the potential impact of global change on mycorrhizal fungi.
Photodynamic Therapy of Inorganic Complexes for the Treatment of Cancer†
Authors: Smith Chloe B. , Days Lindsay C. , Alajroush Duaa R. , Faye Khadija , Khodour Yara , Beebe Stephen J. , Holder Alvin A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a medicinal tool that uses a photosensitizer and a light source to treat several conditions, including cancer. PDT uses reactive oxygen species such as cytotoxic singlet oxygen (1O2) to induce cell death in cancer cells. Chemotherapy has historically utilized the cytotoxic effects of many metals, especially transition metal complexes. However, chemotherapy is a systemic treatment so all cells in a patient’s body are exposed to the same cytotoxic effects. Transition metal complexes have also shown high cytotoxicity as PDT agents. PDT is a potential localized method for treating several cancer types by using inorganic complexes as photosensitizing agents. This review covers several in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials that reported on the anticancer properties of inorganic pharmaceuticals used in PDT against different types of cancer.