bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CdSNPs@NPAN‐rGO‐PAN electrospinning film with enhanced photocatalytic activity via adjusting the fiber dimension
Authors: Ou Keru , Wang Ruiyu , Xiang Haifei , Liu Yongxin , Chen Xi , Zhang Richao , Zhang Jiali 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn the paper, we report that CdSNPs@NPAN‐PAN and CdSNPs@NPAN‐rGO‐PAN composite photocatalysts were prepared by in situ growing CdS nanoparticles (CdSNPs) and N‐polyaniline (NPAN) on electrospinning films. The largest specific surface area of a fiber was made by adjusting the fiber diameter, and the photocurrent response and photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) experiments showed a more prominent current response and photocatalytic capacity for the CdSNPs@NPAN‐rGO‐PAN composite photocatalysts in contrast to the pure CdSNPs and CdSNPs@NPAN‐PAN photocatalysts. The nitrogen atoms on NPAN have hydrophilicity, and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has large specific surface and high‐speed electron conductivity characteristics, which are the main factors for improving the catalytic performance. In addition, various other characterization methods had proven that CdSNPs@NPAN‐rGO‐PAN catalyst has better photocatalytic performance, and the feasible photocatalytic mechanism and cooperative effects were further analyzed in detail.
Bringing anatomy to life: Evaluating a novel ultrasound curriculum in the anatomy laboratory
Authors: Lufler Rebecca S. , Davis Margaret L. , Afifi Linda M. , Willson Robert F. , Croft Peter E. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) invades medical specialties, more students covet earlier ultrasound (US) training programs in medical school. Determining the optimal placement and format in the curriculum remains a challenge. This study uses student perceptions and confidence in interpreting and acquiring images to evaluate the effectiveness of an US curriculum and assesses their performance on US content. A unique US curriculum was incorporated into first‐year clinical anatomy at Tufts University School of Medicine (TUSM). Students completed surveys evaluating changes in US confidence and perceptions. Mean ratings on pre‐ and post‐surveys were compared using Mann–Whitney U tests. Performance on US examination questions was evaluated. Two independent evaluators coded narrative responses and NVivo software was used to identify common themes. Two hundred eleven students completed the US curriculum. Students reported higher post‐curriculum mean confidence ratings on US comprehension, operation, image acquisition, artifact recognition, and normal image interpretation (P < 0.0001). US reinforced anatomy concepts and clinical correlates (9.56, ±0.97 SD; 9.60, ±1.05). Students disagreed with items stating learning US is too difficult (1.2, ±2.2) and that it interferes with learning anatomy (0.68, ±1.7). Students scored above passing on practical US knowledge questions, supporting survey data, and the relation to learning spatial relationships. Qualitative analysis identified seven major themes and additional subthemes. Limited integration of US breaks barriers in students' perceptions and confidence in performing POCUS. The TUSM US curriculum is a natural marriage of anatomy and POCUS applications, serving as a template for medical schools.
Aquablation therapy in large prostates (80–150 cc) for lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: WATER II 3‐year trial results
Authors: Zorn Kevin C. , Bidair Mohamed , Trainer Andrew , Arther Andrew , Kramolowsky Eugene , Desai Mihir , Doumanian Leo , Elterman Dean , Kaufman Ronald P. , Lingeman James , Krambeck Amy , Eure Gregg , Badlani Gopal , Plante Mark , Uchio Edward , Gin Greg , Goldenberg S. Larry , Paterson Ryan , So Alan , Humphreys Mitchell , Roehrborn Claus , Kaplan Steven , Motola Jay , Bhojani Naeem 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to determine if Aquablation therapy can maintain its effectiveness in treating men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with large‐volume (80–150 cc) prostates at 3 years.Subjects and MethodsOne hundred one men with moderate‐to‐severe BPH symptoms and prostate volumes between 80 and 150 cc were enrolled in a prospective, nonrandomized, multicenter, international clinical trial in late 2017. Baseline, procedural, and follow‐up parameters were recorded at baseline and scheduled postoperative visits. IPSS, Qmax, and treatment failure are reported at 3 years.ResultsThe mean prostate volume was 107 cc (range 80–150). Mean IPSS improved from 23.2 at baseline to 6.5 at 3 years (16.3‐point improvement, p < 0.0001). Mean IPSS quality of life improved from 4.6 at baseline to 1.1 at 3 years (improvement of 3.4 points, p < 0.0001). Maximum urinary flow increased from 8.7 to 18.5 cc/s. At 3 year follow‐up, 6% of treated patients needed BPH medication and an additional 3% required surgical retreatment for LUTS.ConclusionsThree‐year follow‐up demonstrates a sustained symptom reduction response along with low irreversible complications to Aquablation in men with LUTS due to BPH and prostates of 80–150 cc. Current treatment options available for men with prostates of this size have similar efficacy outcomes but are burdened with high rates of irreversible complications. There are now numerous clinical studies with Aquablation used in various prostates sizes, and it should be offered as an option to men with LUTS due to BPH.
A framework for calculating orthogonal selectivities in multimodal systems directly from cell culture fluid
Authors: Vecchiarello Nicholas , Timmick Steven M. , Cramer Steven 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a straightforward approach for measuring and quantifying orthogonality directly in complex cell culture fluids (CCFs) without the requirement for tracking the retention behaviors of large sets of proteins. Null‐producing CCFs were fractionated using linear salt gradients at constant pH on a set of multimodal resins. Fractions were then analyzed by ultraperformance‐reversed phase liquid chromatography and the resulting chromatograms provided host cell protein (HCP) “fingerprints.” Using these fingerprints, an inner product vector‐based approach was employed to quantify the degree of orthogonality between pairs of resins and operating conditions for these large HCP protein sets. To compare resin orthogonality behavior in different expression systems, the Chinese hamster ovary and Pichia pastoris null‐producing CCFs were examined. Orthogonality in multimodal systems was found to strongly depend on the expression system and the HCPs being screened. We also identified several unexpected pairs of multimodal resins within the same family that exhibited significant orthogonality. Furthermore, “self‐orthogonality” was evaluated between resins operated at different pHs, and important operating regimes were identified for maximizing orthogonal selectivities. The framework developed in this paper for calculating orthogonality without the need for labor‐intensive HCP tracking has important implications for efficient process development and resin/operating condition selection for both monoclonal antibody (mAb) polishing steps and non‐mAb processes. In addition, this study provides a tool to unlock the untapped potential of multimodal resins by aiding in their rational selection and incorporation. Finally, the orthogonality framework here can facilitate the development of sets of next‐generation multimodal resins specifically designed to provide highly orthogonal and efficient separations tailored for different expression systems.
Group radical openness: A feasibility study
Authors: Egan Rachel , Long Emer , McElvaney James , Booth Richard 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecent research has suggested that too much self‐control (overcontrol) underpins a range of mental health disorders including certain Axis I mood and eating disorders, and Axis II presentations such as obsessive compulsive personality disorder and avoidant personality disorder. A novel group therapy intervention, Group Radical Openness (GRO), is proposed as a suitable treatment for overcontrol.AimsTo explore whether appropriate participants for the intervention can be recruited; to investigate whether outcome measures are fit for purpose; to determine whether the intervention is suitable and acceptable to participants; and to determine whether GRO shows promise with the intended population.MethodA mixed‐methods design was chosen, using statistical analysis on two primary measures and three secondary measures to assess pre–post outcomes and 6‐month follow‐up. This was combined with descriptive interpretive analysis of client interviews post‐intervention. Research participants were outpatients who attended GRO. The sample (N = 14; 6 females and 8 males; mean age 44.4 years; age range 18–58) attended 26, three‐hour group sessions.ResultsQuantitative data were analysed using repeated‐measures ANOVA. Participant scores on the two primary measures, The Five‐Factor Obsessive–Compulsive Inventory—Short Form (FFOCI‐SF) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), yielded significant results that were maintained at 6‐month follow‐up. Qualitative data found that participants reported changes across the three themes that are addressed in the GRO programme.DiscussionThis feasibility study found that GRO showed promise as a suitable intervention for individuals who are overcontrolled. Further intervention effectiveness research is warranted.
Reductive Amination, Hydrogenation and Hydrodeoxygenation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural using Silica‐supported Cobalt‐ Nanoparticles
Authors: Chandrashekhar Vishwas G. , Natte Kishore , Alenad Asma M. , Alshammari Ahmad S. , Kreyenschulte Carsten , Jagadeesh Rajenahally V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEfficient and selective conversion of renewable feedstocks to essential chemicals and fuels applying green and sustainable catalytic processes is of central importance and attracts scientific interest. Among different biomass‐based feedstocks, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) represents valuable platform compound widely used for the synthesis of valuable chemicals, fuels, and polymers. Here we report cobalt nanoparticles catalyzed reductive amination, hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation of HMF to produce furan based primary, secondary and tertiary amines including N‐methylamines as well as 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)furan, (5‐methylfuran‐2‐yl)methanol and selected N‐, O‐, and S‐containing heterocycles. Key to success for this HMF valorization is the use of reusable silica supported cobalt‐based nanoparticles, which have been prepared by the immobilization and pyrolysis of Co‐terephthalic acid‐piperazine MOF template on silica.
Masked Amino Trimethyl Lock (H2N‐TML) Systems: New Molecular Entities for the Development of Turn‐On Fluorophores and Their Application in Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Imaging in Human Cells
Authors: Jimidar Claire Cheyenne , Grunenberg Jörg , Karge Bianka , Fuchs Hazel Leanne Sarah , Brönstrup Mark , Klahn Philipp 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMasked trimethyl lock (TML) systems as molecular moieties enabling the bioresponsive release of compounds or dyes in a controlled temporal and spatial manner have been widely applied for the development of drug conjugates, prodrugs or molecular imaging tools. Herein, we report the development of a novel amino trimethyl lock (H2N‐TML) system as an auto‐immolative molecular entity for the release of fluorophores. We designed Cou‐TML‐N3 and MURh‐TML‐N3, two azide‐masked turn‐on fluorophores. The latter was demonstrated to selectively release fluorescent MURh in the presence of physiological concentrations of the redox‐signaling molecule H2S in vitro and was successfully applied to image H2S in human cells
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Enantioselec	tive Ring‐Opening Reactions of Oxa‐ and Aza‐bicyclic Alkenes with Alkenylboronic Acids
Authors: Zhu Di , Zhao Yongmei , Chong Qinglei , Meng Fanke 
Published: October 2021

Comprehensive SummaryCatalytic enantioselective ring‐opening of oxa‐ and aza‐bicyclic alkenes with readily available accessible alkenylboronic acids, promoted by a chiral phosphine–Co complex, is reported. Such a process represents the unprecedented Co‐catalyzed introduction of various alkenyl groups onto the oxa‐ and aza‐bicyclic alkenes, affording a wide range of multisubstituted functionalized cyclohexenes in up to 98% yield and 99.5 : 0.5 er.
Framework of data privacy preservation and location obfuscation in vehicular cloud networks
Authors: Al‐Balasmeh Hani , Singh Maninder , Singh Raman 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe leakage of sensitive data of users and global positioning system location trajectories from different cloud computation sources have increased in daily lives. This critical problem can influence users' lives because attackers try to misuse the leaked information. In this study, we addressed the critical problem pertaining to the privacy of personal identification information (PII) and location information over vehicular cloud networks (VCNs). The problem was addressed by proposing a data and location privacy (DLP) framework that preserves data privacy in terms of the anonymity of PII and provides location privacy for users' trajectories through the obfuscation technique. The proposed DLP framework contains five stages: registration with VCN server, processing of PII/data privacy block, segregation of obfuscation data, authentication, and provision of cryptographic security. The result analysis shows that the proposed mechanism is able to generate obfuscated trajectories and successfully recomputes the original trajectories at the server side.
Identifying the contingencies of self‐worth associated with eating disorder symptoms: The use of choice‐based conjoint analysis
Authors: Rieger Elizabeth , Prasetya Kevin , Christensen Bruce K. , Shou Yiyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveSelf‐worth contingent on shape/weight is a diagnostic criterion and key maintaining factor for eating disorders. However, the role of other contingencies of self‐worth (i.e., domains in which self‐worth is invested) is largely unknown. Moreover, research has relied on self‐ratings of contingency strength, which are subject to distortion through socially desirable responding and limited self‐awareness, and may have limitations in terms of ecological validity. To overcome these limitations, the present study investigated a broad range of contingencies of self‐worth in relation to eating disorder pathology and employed a choice‐based conjoint (CBC) approach for assessing these contingencies.MethodYoung women and men from the community (N = 428) completed a CBC task to assess the domains in which self‐worth is invested, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) to assess eating disorder symptomatology, and the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding to assess socially desirable responding.ResultsBeta regression analyses showed that CBC thinness and athletic competence predicted higher scores on all EDE‐Q scales. CBC muscularity and facial attractiveness predicted higher scores, while coping ability and quality of relationships predicted lower scores, on various aspects of eating disorder symptoms. CBC social acceptance predicted lower eating disorder symptoms in males only.DiscussionThe findings suggest that a broader range of contingencies of self‐worth beyond shape/weight are relevant to eating disorder pathology and should be considered as potential underlying mechanisms and treatment targets. In addition, this first use of the CBC method in eating disorder research provides initial support for its validity and utility.
Synthesizing the effects of individual‐level variation on coexistence
Authors: Stump Simon Maccracken , Song Chuliang , Saavedra Serguei , Levine Jonathan M. , Vasseur David A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIntraspecific trait variation (ITV) is a widespread feature of life, but it is an open question how ITV affects between‐species coexistence. Recent theoretical studies have produced contradictory results, with ITV promoting coexistence in some models and undermining coexistence in others. Here we review recent work and propose a new conceptual framework to explain how ITV affects coexistence between two species. We propose that all traits belong to one of two categories: niche traits and hierarchical traits. Niche traits determine an individual's location on a niche axis or trade‐off axis, such that changing an individual's trait makes it perform better in some circumstances and worse in others. Hierarchical traits represent cases where conspecifics with different traits have the same niche, but one performs better under all circumstances, such that there are winners and losers. Our framework makes predictions for how intraspecific variation in each type of trait affects coexistence by altering stabilizing mechanisms and fitness differences. For example, ITV in niche traits generally weakens the stabilizing mechanism, except when it generates a generalist–specialist trade‐off. On the other hand, hierarchical traits tend to impact competitors differently, such that ITV in one species will strengthen the stabilizing mechanism while ITV in the other species will weaken the mechanism. We re‐examine 10 studies on ITV and coexistence, along with four novel models, and show that our framework can explain why ITV promotes coexistence in some models and undermines coexistence in others. Overall, our framework reconciles what were previously considered to be contrasting results and provides both theoretical and empirical directions to study the effect of ITV on species coexistence.
A spatial capture–recapture model for group‐living species
Authors: Emmet Robert L. , Augustine Ben C. , Abrahms Briana , Rich Lindsey N. , Gardner Beth 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGroup living in species can have complex consequences for individuals, populations, and ecosystems. Therefore, estimating group density and size is often essential for understanding population dynamics, interspecific interactions, and conservation needs of group‐living species. Spatial capture–recapture (SCR) has been used to model both individual and group density in group‐living species, but modeling either individual‐level or group‐level detection results in different biases due to common characteristics of group‐living species, such as highly cohesive movement or variation in group size. Furthermore, no SCR method currently estimates group density, individual density, and group size jointly. Using clustered point processes, we developed a cluster SCR model to estimate group density, individual density, and group size. We compared the model to standard SCR models using both a simulation study and a data set of detections of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus), a group‐living carnivore, on camera traps in northern Botswana. We then tested the model's performance under various scenarios of group movement in a separate simulation study. We found that the cluster SCR model outperformed a standard group‐level SCR model when fitted to data generated with varying group sizes, and mostly recovered previous estimates of wild dog group density, individual density, and group size. We also found that the cluster SCR model performs better as individuals' movements become more correlated with their groups' movements. The cluster SCR model offers opportunities to investigate ecological hypotheses relating group size to population dynamics while accounting for cohesive movement behaviors in group‐living species.
Left ventricular strain‐curve morphology to distinguish between constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Yang Zhiyun , Wang Hui , Chang Sanshuai , Cui Jing , Zhou Lu , Lv Qiang , He Yi , Du Xin , Dong Jianzeng , Ma Changsheng 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo distinguish between constrictive pericarditis (CP) and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) using cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking (CMR‐FT) left ventricle (LV) diastolic time–strain curve patterns and myocardial strain.Methods and ResultsA total of 32 CP patients, 27 RCM patients, and 25 control subjects were examined by CMR‐FT and analysed for global strain, segmental strain, and LV time–strain curve patterns in the longitudinal, circumferential, and radial directions. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) strain imaging was performed in some cases. The peak global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global circumferential strain (GCS) of the RCM group were lower than those of the CP group. GLS [median (interquartile range) CP vs. RCM: −11.15 (−12.85, −9.35) vs. −6.5 (−8.75, −4.85), P < 0.001] and GCS (CP vs. RCM: −16.89 ± 5.11 vs. −13.37 ± 5.79, P < 0.001). In circumferential and radial directions, the strain ratios of the LV lateral/septal wall (LW/SW) of the CP group were significantly lower than those of the RCM group at the basal and mid segments. The CS ratio of LW/SW at the basal segment [CP vs. RCM: 0.95 (0.85, 1.25) vs. 1.43 (1.18, 1.89), P < 0.001] and mid segment [CP vs. RCM: 1.05 (0.92, 1.15) vs. 1.18 (1.06, 1.49), P = 0.026]. The RS ratio of LW/SW at the basal segment [CP vs. RCM: 0.97 (0.76, 1.37) vs. 1.55 (1.08, 2.31), P = 0.006] and mid segment [CP vs. RCM: 0.95 (0.70, 1.28) vs. 1.79 (1.32, 2.92), P < 0.001]. In the longitudinal and circumferential directions, the characteristic ‘plateau’ pattern of time–strain curves could be seen in the CP but not in the RCM during the diastole. The GCS ratio of 0–50%/50–75% diastolic period of the CP was higher than that of the RCM [CP vs. RCM: 17.01 (8.67, 23.75) vs. 5.38 (1.93, 11.24), P = 0.001], while the GCS ratio of 50–75%/75–100% diastolic period was lower than that of the RCM [CP vs. RCM: 0.36 (0.15, 1.67) vs. 1.12 (0.70, 5.58), P < 0.001]. The peak GLS (sensitivity, 85%; specificity, 78%) and the GCS ratio of 0–50%/50–75% diastolic period (sensitivity, 88%; specificity, 73%) had higher differential diagnosis value.ConclusionsThe CMR‐FT could distinctly differentiate CP from RCM based on LV myocardial strain and LV time–strain curve patterns. The characteristic ‘plateau’ pattern of the time–strain curve is specific for CP and not RCM and this curve can also be duplicated by STE.
Birch Reduction of Arenes as an Easy Entry to γ‐Spirolactones
Authors: Krüger Tobias , Bramborg Andrea , Kelling Alexandra , Sperlich Eric , Linker Torsten 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA convenient method for the synthesis of γ‐spirolactones in only 2–3 steps is described. Birch reduction of inexpensive and commercially available aromatic carboxylic acids in the presence of ethylene oxide affords hydroxy acids, which undergo direct lactonization during work‐up. Suitable precursors are methyl‐substituted benzoic acids, naphthoic, and dicarboxylic acids. Subsequent hydrogenation proceeds smoothly with Pd/C as catalyst and saturated γ‐spirolactones are isolated in excellent yields and stereoselectivities. Thus, up to 3 new stereogenic centers can be constructed as sole diastereomers from achiral benzoic acids. Furthermore, it is possible to control the degree of saturation with Raney nickel or Wilkinson's catalyst to obtain products with 1 double bond. Overall, more than 30 new γ‐spirolactones have been synthesized in analytically pure form.