bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Modelling of the Effect of Cooling Conditions and Mould Size during Solidification of Al-4.5%Cu Alloy in Static Casting Process
Authors: Egole C.P. , Mgbemere H.E. , Sobamowo G.M. , Lawal G.I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mathematical developments and computer simulation have greatly aided the modern day study of solidification phenomena. This work presents a numerical modelling of the effect of cooling conditions and mould size during solidification of Al-Cu eutectic binary alloy in static casting process. The numerical method adopted for the current work is the finite volume method and the mathematical problem was formulated according to the classic continuum energy conservation equation for the transient solidification problems. The latent heat evolution was accounted for using the modified source-based method. The boundary conditions included all the modes of heat transfer between the solidifying system and its surrounding. Two cases were simulated to study the effect of cooling conditions and mould size on the solidification system. In case I, a Dirichlet boundary condition with a known temperature (373 K) value was imposed on the bottom of the mould surface. An adiabatic condition was imposed on the bottom of the mould in case II. It was observed that the different boundary conditions and mould sizes have significant influence on the rate and pattern of solidification. Cooling curve results and temperature contours from these models showed reasonable deviations due to various cooling conditions and mould sizes. Larger thermal and solid fraction layers were predicted for the case II with slower cooling rate. It was also observed that temperature distribution along the horizontal distance within the casting increases monotonically as mould size was increased.
An Insight into Deployments of Green Base Stations (GBSs) for an Environmentally Sustainable World
Authors: Ehiagwina F. O. , Kehinde O. O. , Adewale A. A. , Seluwa O. E. , Anifowose J. J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Data traffic and the number of mobile subscribers have increased significantly prompting cellular network operators to install additional mobile cellular base stations (BSs) to meet the increasing demand. This proliferation of BSs has resulted in consequential increase in energy consumption and Green House Gases (GHGs) emission. Several techniques have been deployed to reduce the energy consumption of the base station in what is called a green base station. This paper presents an insight into these approaches and highlights key challenges and potential research directions. It also highlights what environmental sustainability activist, regulators and government can do to incentivize green BSs concept in Nigeria.
Non-Destructive Testing on Concrete Subjected to Chemical Condition
Authors: Olowofoyeku A , Ofuyatan O , Oluwafemi J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Regular in-situ inspection of structures is required for accessing the condition of concrete. In concrete, several unpredicted and uncontrollable factors affect the expected performance and life cycle of the structures. Non-destructive testing can be applied to both new and old structure to monitor infrastructures. This test is better known to assess and evaluate the condition of concrete. In this investigation, the non-destructive testing and destructive testing were used to estimate the strength of concrete cubes of M25 subjected to 28days of curing with acid at varying PH values (1.5, 2.5 and 3.5) and water. The test was used to determine the strength of the cubes. From the result he concluded that cubes cured with water had better strength throughout the test and gradual deterioration was observed in the cube specimen subjected to acid.
Static Analysis of the Last Stage Low Pressure Steam Turbine Blade to Improve Blade twist Angle
Authors: Omosanya Abolaji Joseph , Akinlabi Esther Titilayo , Okeniyi Joshua Olusegun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Demand for electricity is growing continuously and the production is still based on limited sources of energy, mainly the turbomachinery, which include basically the steam and gas turbines. Turbomachinery is responsible for about 80% of the electricity generated worldwide. A large variety of turbine blade geometries are in use today, however, there is no specific attempt made to compare them based on performance.
This paper presents a study on the effect of the twist angle of the steam turbine blade on different choice blade materials. For the study, the aerodynamic and static loading of the 19th stage low pressure turbine blade of Egbin thermal power station was evaluated. Static analysis based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to simulate the conditions of the turbine blade during normal operating conditions. Alternative materials (such as stainless steel 316, Titanium alloy) and varying twist angles were observed to be showing different forms of results in the simulation on ANSYS. From these, an optimized twist angle was generated using Response Surface Optimization on ANSYS RSO, and the consequent results were discussed.
Control Design of an Inverted Pendulum on a Moving Base Using State Feedback
Authors: Oguntosin Victoria , Oruma Samson Ogheneovo , Akindele Ayoola , Abdulkareem Ademola 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A fascinating and essential control problem for researchers is the inverted pendulum. It remains a generally accepted standard used in control and robotics for validation of emerging control technologies. A mathematical model of the inverted pendulum on a moving base system was derived, an expression of the linearised state space representation of the system was also presented, a controller to achieve specific criterion of the steady state error, rise and settling time, and was obtained, an implementation of this control on MATLAB was carried out together with the simulated animation of the system using Simulink and Simscape.
Effect of the Parametric Processes in Stir-Casting Technique for Aluminium Based Composite Development: A review
Authors: Fayomi J. , Popoola A.P.I. , Fayomi O.S.I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The extensive usage of aluminium based composites are seen in automobile industry, aviation, marine, and general structural engineering applications due to their distinctive features that cannot be observed in individual constituent materials. Aluminium form the continuous matrix phase and other discontinuous reinforcing materials are incorporated into the matrix to achieve a composite. There are numerous ways in which composites are developed and stir casting process has been a great technique. In stir casting process, the extent of the process parameters determines the outcome of the material properties and the microstructural evolution. Hence, this review work focus on the effect of different process parameters such as the stirrer speed, blade, stirring time, temperature, and the reinforcement weight fractions on the mechanical, corrosion, tribology, and microstructure of the developed aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs). The different parametric processes improve the properties of materials in diverse ways as discussed by several authors.
Study on adsorption mechanism of Metronadiazole activities on Aluminium in 0.5M H2SO4
Authors: Williams A.B. , Sanni O. , Fayomi O.S.I. , Popoola A.P.I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The inhibition of pure aluminium alloy at a varying concentration of Metronadiazole (MNZ) in 0.5M H2SO4 solution has been studied using electrochemical techniques. The obtained results unveil a decrease in the corrosion rate and high inhibition efficiency values with an increase in the Metronadiazole concentration in the corrosive solution. The samples inhibited exhibits higher polarization resistance value and reduced current densities compared to the uninhibited sample. A mixed inhibition mechanism was proposed for the inhibitive effect of MNZ as shown by the potentiodynamic polarization method. Maximum inhibitory efficiency of 80.53% was recorded for the 12.5 mL MNZ inhibited sample. The obtained results show that MNZ inhibited the pure aluminium corrosion in the sulphuric acid solution by adsorption onto the metal surface fitting the Freundlich adsorption isotherm with a correlation regression coefficient of 0.949.
Comparative Effect of Some Carbon Rich Materials on the Hardness Property of Carburized Low Alloy Carbon Steel
Authors: Joshua T.O. , Fayomi O. S. I. , Seriki Ege O. , Udoye N.E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work focuses on the effects of carburization process, on the hardness property of carburized low alloy carbon steel, at temperature of 890°C with varied soaking time of 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours, after which the samples were later quenched in air. The carbon rich materials used in this work include: coal dust, snail shell particulate, palm kernel shell and cow bone while 20% limestone was used as the energizer. Thirteen specimens were machined to specifications from 10mm diameter mild steel and each set of the specimens were randomly assigned to hardness test. Twelve pack boxes measuring 150mm x 75mm x 75mm was fabricated from gauge 18 mild steel. Carbon rich materials and specimens were carefully placed into the pack boxes, a specimen each was packed into the four boxes meant for coal dust, snail shell, carbonized palm kernel shell and cow bone respectively. Each box was labeled accordingly, and were loaded into heat treatment furnace and carburized at a soaking temperature of 890°C. At appropriate times, each sets of boxes were removed, open and air cool. Hardness testing of the various specimen were conducted using Vickers hardness test machine. Both coal dust, snail shell, palm kernel shell and cow bone were observed to have increase the hardness of the samples when compared with the as-received sample. As holding time of specimen increase in each carbonaceous materials, carbon diffusion and penetration increases which resulted to increase hardness values recorded in samples with 3 hours holding time.
Characteristics and utilization of Jarosite and fly ash wastes in the construction industry: an overview
Authors: Mubiayi Mukuna Patrick , Fayomi Ojo Sunday Isaac 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Worldwide, there is a daily production of wastes include fly ash and jarosite which can have a detrimental effect on the environment. Many researchers have utilized fly ash and jarosite to fabricate products include bricks, concrete which are used in the construction industry. This review paper presents the characteristics of jarosite and fly ash. Furthermore, it summarizes selected studies carried out on the successful reuse of jarosite and fly ash as a component in some construction materials. It has been reported that using certain ratios in bricks and concretes made with jarosite and fly ash as constituents can display satisfactory mechanical properties such as compressive strength. Due to the high generation of wastes around the world, more studies are needed to investigate the environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness of products made with jarosite and fly ash as a component.
Development and modelling of oil-palm-mesocarp fibre polyester resin composite for helical gears
Authors: Oghenekowho P. A. , Emagbetere E. , Aworinde A. K. , Ishola F. A. , Dirisu J. O. , Leramo R. O. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAs a result of the ever-increasing need of materials with unique properties that are ecofriendly, the possibility of using Oil-Palm-Mesocarp Fibre (OPMF)as reinforcement for polyester resin was investigated for use as material for helical gears. The OPMF collected was treated with deionized water and NaOH, and then grounded to a particle size of 354 microns. The composite was then produced by adding different quantities of the OPMF (weight % of 40—10 in steps of 10%) to unsaturated polyester resin to obtain comp. 1--comp. 4. Test specimens for the various mechanical tests were prepared for the different compositions and the tests were carried out following standard procedures. SOLIDWORKS was used to simulate the actual behavior of the helical gears. Results obtained showed that the biocomposite material for all composition can be used for designing helical gears for paper shredding machine and comp. 3 had the best properties in terms of displacement.
Effects of Alloying on Aluminium-Silicon Alloys – A Review
Authors: Joseph O.O. , Olubambi P.A. , Joseph Olakunle O. , Edun B.M. , Okeniyi J.O. , Abioye O.P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Some of the factors in which the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of aluminium alloys hinge on are composition and microstructure. The inclusion of specific alloying elements to aluminium in its pure form has been proven to considerably improve its properties and usefulness. Hence, aluminium is substituted with alloys which consist of one or more alloying elements or impurities for applications where it is demanded. Aluminium, as well as its alloys, offers an outstanding combination of properties making it stand out amongst the most adaptable, cost-effective, and appealing metallic materials for a wide scope of employments —from delicate materials like wrapping foil to the most severe engineering applications. Besides steels, aluminium based alloys are most favoured for applications as structural materials.
Optimization of Singly Reinforced Beam Design Using Simulated Annealing
Authors: Olawale S O A , Akintunde O P , Afolabi M O , Agbede O A , Ozuor O , Fayomi O S I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper investigated the optimization of a singly reinforced concrete beam using the Simulated Annealing. The code provisions usually lead to the overestimation of reinforcement and thus an expensive cost of construction. The optimized design reduces the cost significantly. There are many methods of structural optimization but Simulated Annealing has been found to very efficient for constrained optimization of reinforced concrete beam design. The variables considered are the width, depth, compression steel, tension steel, and cost while the constraints are steel ratios, ultimate moment of resistance, maximum and minimum areas of reinforcements Materials costs are considered as the objective function. It is demonstrated that using the concrete compressive strength of 25MPa, Simulated Annealing can be used to optimize the design of concrete beams effectively. The results also indicate that the complications connected to the actual and genuine evaluation of costs of structures and the connectivity with the compulsory restraints can be adequately resolved using this method.
Analysis of Flow Characteristics around an Inclined NACA 0012 Airfoil Using Various Turbulence Models
Authors: Olayemi O. A. , Ogunwoye O. V. , Olabemiwo J. T. , Jinadu A. , Odetunde C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The current paper presents a computational fluid dynamic analyses of the flow characteristics over an inclined NACA 0012 airfoil using various turbulence models at Mach number of 0.13. The primitive continuity and momentum equations were solved using Ansys-Fluent in turn along with Spalart-Allmaras, Realizable
k – ε
, and
k – M
shear stress transport. The response of pressure and velocity contours, lift coefficient (
Cl

) and drag coefficient (
Cd

) to inclination angle variation from – 14° to 20° are reported. Also, the values of
Cl

and
Cd

obtained from the current work were juxtaposed with the equivalent values of experimental data gotten from earlier work done by Abbott and Von Doenhoff and the comparison showed good agreement. Furthermore, the results revealed that stalling occurred between 14° and 16°.
Biosurfactants as facilitators in Biodegradation of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
Authors: Nnaji C. F. , Ogu E. C. , Akpor O. B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Low density polythene (LDPE) is amongst the highest produced synthetic plastic and also largely plagued with ineffective disposal management. Strategies to remedy its ineffective disposal have been underway and at the forefront is biodegradation due its positive environmental impact. This study reports on the preliminary investigation into surface chemistry using biosurfactants as facilitators for the biodegradation process of LDPE. Synthesized biosurfactants from isolated soil microbes, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used in the biodegradation study along with pure cultures of the organisms themselves. 0.84mg/ml was the highest amount of biosurfactant synthesized under static conditions at 25°C. Supplementing with biosurfactants increased the biodegradation efficiency by at least 1.2 % compared to using the microbes alone during a 30 d incubation period. Percentage weight loss of LDPE bags was used as a measure of biodegradation in this study and 3.3% weight loss was the highest observed for a single organism when augmented with biosurfactants compared to 1.9% when used alone.
Correlations for the prediction of higher heating values of liquid fuels from their densities, viscosities, and flash points values
Authors: Ayeni A. O. , Agboola O. , Daramola M. O. , Folayan J. A. , Babatunde D. E. , Dick D. T. , Adeeyo O.A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, correlations of the higher heating values (HHV) of three groups of liquid fuels, vegetable oils, alkanes, and alcohols were developed through experimentation and prediction with the aid of the statistical software package MINITAB 16 (PA, USA). The HHVs (in kJ/kg), of the samples were obtained as a function of the density, viscosity, and flash points physical tests. Reliability of models were evaluated through statistical validation and cross-validation standard error of estimate (S), coefficient of determination (R2), predicted residual error of the sum of square statistics (PRESS statistics), error estimations (average bias error, ABE, and AAE, average absolute error), and the residual versus fitted values plot. For the vegetable oils, the best correlation was HHV = -29.5 + 77.8ρ -0.0124μ + 0.00549β (R2 = 79.6%, p-value = 0.147, AAE = 0.515, ABE = 0.005). For alkanes it was: HHV = 66.0322 – 38.3421ρ + 2.9392μ (R2 = 100%, p-value = 0.002, AAE = 0.033, ABE = 7.27 × 10-5). For alcohols; HHV = -100 + 171ρ (R2 = 86.4%, p-value = 0.070, AAE = 4.193, ABE = 0.316). These correlations could be instrumental to achieving maximum productivity with minimal utilization of energy in industry and could be extended to other liquid fuels after minor modification.
Comparism Analysis of Energy Content of Biogas and Its Physiochemical Properties
Authors: Adeleke A. I. , Olatunbosun B.E. , Borokinni F.O. , Abdulkadir B. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The correlations of energy content of biogas and physicochemical properties from cow manure and co-digestible as single and double substrates were investigated in this study. The blend that gives the highest energy, effect of anaerobic digestion on fertilizer values of the input slurry and relationship between the biogas yields were investigated. The experiment was performed at a constant temperature of 400C with a retention period of 16 days. The physicochemical properties of the slurries before and after digestion showed that the percentages of potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen and crude protein contents for all the samples batches increased. The blend of cow dung and plantain wastes in the 1:3 yielded the highest energy content and volume of biogas. This ratio can be effective for biogas production, mitigate the problems of energy shortage, fertilizer and uncontrolled waste disposal.
Prospect of high entropy alloys (HETAs) for advance application
Authors: Samuel A U , Fayomi O S I , Omotosho A.O. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Presently, HETAs are of enormous research significance in material engineering and sciences. In contrast to the traditional alloys with one and occasionally two base constituents, high entropy alloys consist of many essential elements, which are considered in excessive number compared to the conventional alloys. The arrival HETAs ignites some basic questions that challenge the hypothesis, mock-up, and preparation techniques of the traditional alloys. Here, the review of the latest studies on the prospect and essential subjects related to HETAs were provided. Besides, the novelty in the characteristics of high entropy alloys were also examined, which includes: high wear and corrosion resistance, outstanding mechanical behaviour at high temperature, superb service strength, and ductility, exceptional fracture toughness at extremely low or cryogenic temperatures, super-conductivity and super-paramagnetism. As a result of their richness of design, great structural and operational potential, they are now seen as promising materials for novel and advance applications, which should be further investigated.
Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminium Alloy by Chemical Inhibitors: An Overview
Authors: Joseph Olufunmilayo O. , Joseph Olakunle O. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAluminium is a widely used metal in every sphere of human endeavour. Hence, its corrosion comes as no amazement. Globally, studies are being conducted to suppress this unwanted action of corrosion. Chemical inhibitors are the focus but besides chemical inhibitors, plant extracts could as well be used to inhibit the mechanism of corrosion. Polymeric inhibitors fall under this category. It is believed that these chemical inhibitors should be employed in industrial purposes. They will save millions and produce little to no toxic emission. From findings, the various techniques employed in investigation of corrosion inhibition are weight loss (the fundamental and most common method), electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) measurements and potentiodynamic polarization.
Evaluation of the use of Green Façade in Residential Buildings in Kubwa, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Jegede F. O. , Adewale B. A. , Ajonye G. O. , Adebajo T. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Housing development in Nigeria has constantly been carried out by the private sector as well as the government at various levels in time past. The use of sustainable elements and materials globally in recent years in meeting housing needs has indicated a progressive shift in the approach to design by architects and the built environment professionals around the world. But little has been seen in building developments in Nigeria both from the public or private sectors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of the green façade as a sustainable element in constructing residential buildings. The study used Kubwa district in FCT Abuja as the study area. Primary data was derived by the administration of structured questionnaire to residents living in Kubwa. The data was analysed using the descriptive statistical tools of frequency and percentages of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings from the research indicated that they are social and physical factors that have hindered the use of green façade in the study area. The major factors responsible for this include difficulty in getting professional help and low financial status. It is therefore recommended that both the government and the private sectors intensify efforts towards enforcing housing policies, creating incentives and delivering regular symposiums that will encourage green architectural practices such as the use of green façade in residential building and all its benefits in the built environment.