bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical investigation and application of 3D multi-phase non-Newtonian rheology model for debris flow
Authors: Li Rui , Teng Yuliang 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
A 3D multiphase debris flow model – DebrisInterMixingFoam was studied. An improvement to include the VOF field updating in the iteration of updating the flow field variables was proposed. The improved model was first validated by a debris flow deposition on slope plane case. Then the model was applied to two benchmark debris flow cases and a real debris flow event. In all cases, the model results were favorably compared with the experimental data or field investigation data. As there were only two key parameters to be calibrated in DebrisInterMixingFoam, it was easy to be used to model debris flow. The numerical results showed that this model can achieve good accuracy for debris flow simulation after calibrations of these two key parameters.
Effectiveness of jogging, eye movement exercises, and diaphragmatic breathing in patients with migraine: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rahimi Mohammad Dawood , Alidoosti Fatemeh , Hassani Pouriya , Ghasemi Mohammad Mahdi , Fadardi Javad Salehi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The recurrent and progressive presence of maladaptive stress response-related activities or electrophysiological dysresponsiveness are apparent in a brain with migraine. Objectives: Various methods have been suggested to regulate stress response-related activities in a brain with migraine, including jogging, eye movement exercises, and diaphragmatic breathing. Methods: A three-group, double-blind, and randomized design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments was used to test the effectiveness of jogging, eye movement exercises, and diaphragmatic breathing in the treatment of patients with migraine. International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition (ICHD-3) was used to diagnose the patients with migraine, who were randomly assigned to one of the three study groups to perform either 12 consecutive weeks of (a) jogging plus eye movement exercises (n = 22) ;(b) jogging plus diaphragmatic breathing (n = 19); or (c) treatment as usual (TAU), receiving prescribed medication (n = 22) group. Results: The results of a series of MANCOVA showed that patients in the two experimental groups showed significant (p < .05) reductions in the frequency, duration, and intensity of their migraine attacks compared to the TAU group. Moreover, the frequency of menstrual cycle-dependent headache attacks and over the counter drugs use were reduced, and the quality of sleep and drinking water were improved at post-test and a 12-month follow-up. Conclusion: The results suggest that jogging plus eye movement exercises or jogging plus diaphragmatic breathing can be used as effective alternative interventions in the treatment of migraine.
The impact of COVID-19 on digital data practices in museums and art galleries in the UK and the US
Authors: Noehrer Lukas , Gilmore Abigail , Jay Caroline , Yehudi Yo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the first quarter of 2020, the doors of museums around the world shut and their operations at physical sites were reduced in line with necessary security measures. This heralded the beginning of an uncertain future for museums and galleries as the COVID-19 pandemic hit and the only means to stay ‘open’ was to turn towards the digital. In this paper, we investigate how the physical closure of museum buildings due to lockdown restrictions caused shockwaves within their digital strategies and changed their data practices potentially for good. The methodology of the research involves a review of the impact of COVID-19 on the museum sector, based on literature and desk research, with a focus on the implications for three museums and art galleries in the United Kingdom and the United States, and their mission, objectives, and digital data practices. We also present analysis of ten qualitative interviews with expert witnesses working in the sector, representing different roles and types of institutions, undertaken between April and October 2020. Our research finds that digital engagement with museum content and practices around data in institutions have changed and that digital methods for organising and accessing collections for both staff and the general public have become more important. We present evidence that strategic preparedness influenced how well institutions were able to transition during closure and that metrics data became pivotal in understanding this novel situation. Increased engagement online changed traditional audience profiles, challenging museums to find ways of accommodating new forms of engagement in order to survive and thrive in the post-pandemic environment. Our findings point to a longer term shift in the operating models for museums and the need to realise economic value and diversify income streams through digital means, which have not yet been clearly established. The research suggests that the unprecedented situation brought on by the pandemic will shape future museum audiences and their interactions with institutions virtually and physically, posing challenges to museums and their constituents that require structural changes and adaptations, but also present opportunities to successfully survive in an ever-more connected world.
Global Trends in Clinical Trials-SARSCOV-2
Authors: Ray Suman , Dubey Prashant 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
It was on March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic. According to WHO reports, there have been 156,496,592 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 3,264,143 deaths, globally, as of 8 May 2021. COVID-19 is contributing to an unconscionable loss of life. Several clinical studies involving COVID-19 are currently in human trials. This study is based on a comprehensive analysis of all clinical trials involving COVID-19 as on May 8, 2021. In total, 5619 studies were identified at “ClinicalTrials.gov” and further classified as observational or interventional study types. The results showed a total of 3156 interventional studies and 2429 observational studies. Phase wise distribution of interventional clinical trials indicate that maximum clinical trials are in phase 2 stage. Observational studies has 6 completed studies with results and interventional trial has 23 completed studies with results. Overall, the study reveals the perspective view of the global clinical translational trends involving COVID-19.
An Intrusion Detection and Prevention Protocol for Internet of Things based Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Krishnan Rajkumar , Krishnan R. Santhana , Robinson Y. Harold , Julie E. Golden , Long Hoang Viet , Sangeetha A. , Subramanian M. , Kumar Raghvendra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Because of the headway of data and correspondence advances, the utilization of Internet of Things (IoT) gadgets has expanded dramatically. In the improvement of IoT, WSN plays out a crucial part and involves easy keen gadgets for data gathering. In any case, such savvy gadgets have requirements regarding calculation, preparing, memory, and energy assets. Alongside such requirements, the major difficulties for WSN is to accomplish dependability with the security of communicated information in a weak climate alongside pernicious hubs. This paper intends to build up an Anomalous intrusion detection protocol (AIDP) and Intrusion Prevention Protocol (IPP) for interruption evasion in IoT dependent on WSN to expand the organization's time frame and information reliability. Right off the bat, the proposed convention makes dissimilar energy-efficient groups dependent on the natural characteristics of hubs. Also, in view of the (k, n) limit related Shamir mystery sharing plan, the unwavering quality also, the security of the tangible data within the base station (BS) and group head are accomplished. The proposed security conspires demonstrates a trivial answer to adapt to interruptions produced by malignant hubs. The trial results utilizing the organization test system (NS-2) show that the proposed directing convention accomplished improvement as far as organization lifetime, end to end delay as 24%, packet delay ratio as 30%, when contrasted and the current work under unique organization geographies.
Performance of Filterbeds and Macrophytes in Vertical Constructed Wetland for Treating Domestic Sewage Effluent
Authors: Thammaiah Vanitha , Hebbara Manjunatha , Virupakshappa Manjunatha Mudukapla 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An experiment with different filterbeds and macrophytes was carried-out to study their phytoremediation capacity on the efficiency of domestic wastewater treatment through constructed wetland (CW) during November to March, 2017-18 at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad campus, Karnataka, India. Twenty treatment combinations involving five types of filterbeds (FB-1: gravel, FB-2: gravel-sand-gravel, FB-3: gavel-sand-brick-gravel, FB-4: gravel-sand-charcoal-gravel and FB-5: gravel-sand-(charcoal+brick)-gravel) and four macrophytes (MP-1: Typha latifolia, MP-2: Brachiaria mutica, MP-3: Canna indica and MP-4: Phragmites sps.) were evaluated for treating domestic wastewater. After 120 days from start, across treatment combinations, water electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved and suspended solids (TDS-TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), sodium, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), bicarbonates, total nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N-P-K) and boron (B) were reduced by more than 40 per cent due to wetland treatment. The system enhanced the mineralization of organic nitrogen to ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) fractions. Among filterbeds, Type-5 caused higher reduction in pH, EC, BOD, COD and Organic-N while, Type-4 proved efficient in removing total solids and lowering pH in the sewage effluent. The Type-3 filterbed removed more suspended solids, potassium and ammoniacal nitrogen. Among the macrophytes, Brachiaria (paragrass) removed more nitrogen and potassium while, Phragmites removed more nitrogen, phosphorus and boron. The flexibility of implementation allows the CW to be adapted to different sites with different configurations, being suitable as main, secondary or tertiary treatment stage.
Isolation and Molecular identification of native As-resistant bacteria: As(III) and As(V) removal capacity and possible mechanism of detoxification
Authors: Rodriguez-Castrejón Ulises Emiliano , Serafin-Muñoz Alma Hortensia , Alvarez-Vargas Aurelio , Jimenez Gustavo Cruz , Noriega-Luna Berenice 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The study of arsenic resistant microorganisms with high arsenic removal capacity is fundamental for the development of economically sustainable technologies for the treatment of water contaminated with this metalloid. In this work, the isolation and identification of 4 native strains was carried out.: Rhodococcus gordoniae, Microbacterium hydrocarbonoxydans, Exiguobacterium indicum and Pseudomonas kribbensis . R.gordoniae was identified as the bacterium with the highest growth capacity in both As(III) and As(V). E.indicum removed about 74.8% of Arsenate, As(V), and 61.7% of Arsenite , As(III), while R.gordoniae removed about 81.6 % of As(III), and 77.2% of As(V), while that M.hydrocarbonoxydans was able to remove up to 79.9% of As(III) and 68.9% of As(V). Finally, it was observed that P. kribbensis removed about 80.2% of As(V). This study also contributes to the possible detoxification mechanisms employed by these bacteria, the knowledge of which could be crucial in the successful implementation of in situ bioremediation programs.
To a question on possibilities of high-resolution NMR spectroscopy in the Earth magnetic field
Authors: Kupriyanov Pavel , Kirilenko Vladimir , Chizhik Anna , Chizhik Vladimir 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The low signal-to-noise ratio is a characteristic feature of NMR experiments in the Earth magnetic field. The main problem of such studies is the ineffectiveness of signal accumulation due to fluctuations of the Earth magnetic field because of magnetic interferences from laboratory equipment and other magnetic field sources. Taking into account the fact that generally in the Earth magnetic field proton-containing liquids have spectra with a central strong line, a relatively simple method has been found to neutralize the Larmor frequency fluctuations. The NMR signal processing algorithm is described. The home-built NMR-equipment allows us to clearly register the splitting in proton spectra, for example, due to the J-interaction with such nuclei as 29Si or 13C at their natural abundance (4.7 and 1.1%, respectively).
A Path Analysis To Investigate The Interaction Between Serum, Urinary And Demographic Factors Influencing Urine Calcium In Kidney Stone Formers
Authors: Taheri Fatemeh , Taheri Maryam , Sanaz Tavasoli , Nasrin Borumandnia , Abbas Basiri 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Hypercalciuria is one of the most important urinary risk factors in kidney stone formers. This study aimed to delineate the interaction of some demographic, serum, and urinary risk factors influencing 24-hour urinary (24-U) calcium excretion.Methods: This study was secondary data analysis, using data from 593 kidney stone patients referred to the Labbafinejad kidney stone prevention clinic from March 2015 to May 2019. The study considered serum, urinary and demographic factors that interact to influence 24-U calcium using path analysis.Results: The results showed that age and weight had an indirect effect on 24-U calcium. Among serum variables, PTH and creatinine had a significant direct effect on 24-U calcium. In comparison, 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) and phosphorus appeared to influence 24-U calcium through serum parathormone. Regarding 24-U metabolites, 24-U sodium, 24-U Urea, and 24-U citrate had a significant direct effect on 24-U calcium. Moreover, 24-U creatinine has a significant direct and indirect effect on 24-U calcium through 24-U citrate and 24-U Urea as mediating variables. 24-U citrate had the most effect on 24-U calcium, following 24-U creatinine, 24-U Urea, 24-U sodium, serum creatinine, and weight.Conclusion: Except for serum calcium, all other predictors had direct and/or indirect effects on 24-U calcium. Serum 25(OH)D had a negligible indirect effect on 24-U calcium. Controlling dietary intake of protein and sodium and bodyweight seems very important in kidney stone formers with hypercalciuria.
SOS1, SERK1 and WEE1, Confer a Defence Response to Salt Stress with Increasing NaCl in Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) Callus
Authors: Yazıcılar Büşra , Bezirganoglu ismail 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Alfalfa is an important forage that contributes wildlife habitat and soil conservation worldwide and has a high nutritional feeding quality and N fixation potential. However, alfalfa production is seriously reduced by abiotic stress factors. In this study, SOS1 ,SERK1, WEE1 genes were expressed in alfalfa callus cells to control NaCl stress under in vitro conditions. The important callus traits in terms of NaCl resistance were found among the genotypes. Higher sugar contents were accumulated in tested genotypes than in control callus when all were exposed to NaCl stress. Based on proline assay, there were inverse relationships between NaCl acclimated-callus and tested genotypes. Na+ and K+ showed an increasing trend in response to the increasing concentration of NaCl. The results showed that callus growth increased salt stress related gene expression. SOS1, SERK1 and WEE1 gene expression levels peaked at 50 mM while highest Na+ and K+ and sugar content happened at 110 mM NaCl. As a result of flow cytometry analysis, there were often endopolyploidy in the tested genotypes. Our findings indicated that the SOS1, SERK1 and WEE1 genes was effective in promoting the alfalfa callus cells in response to salt stress induced by NaCl.
Hierarchical Structure in Activities of Daily Living and Long-Term Disability Trajectories in the Elderly Chinese Population: A 20-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Han Yaofeng , Xue Jihui , Pei Wei , Fang Ya 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: The global burden of disability is rising. Understanding the hierarchical structure of activities of daily living (ADL) and the disability trajectory of elderly people is pivotal to developing early interventions. Purpose: We aimed to determine the hierarchical structure of the ability to perform ADL and further describe the disability trajectory of the elderly before death. Methods: A longitudinal item response theory model (LIRT) was constructed from 28 345 elderly participants in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, in which ADL were measured by the Katz scale for up to 20 years from 1998 to 2018, until the participants' death. The disability values estimated from the LIRT were fitted to a mixed-effects model to examine how the disability trajectories varied with different demographic characteristics. Results: The difficulty parameters showed that ADL losses began with bathing-partial (B=-1.396, SE=0.003), then toileting-partial, bathing-total, dressing-partial, transferring-partial, dressing-total, feeding-partial, continence-partial, toileting-total, feeding-total, transferring-total, and ended with continence-total (a=3.647, SE=0.013). Disability trajectories varied with sex (β=0.041, SE=0.001), place of residence (β=0.010, SE=0.001), and marital status (β=0.144, SE=0.001). Females, people who lived in urban areas, and those who lived without a spouse had poorer disability status. Conclusion: Losses in the ability to perform ADL have a hierarchical structure. Demographic characteristics affect disability trajectories among the elderly Chinese population.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018
Authors: Liang Xiaopeng , Or Benjamin , Tsoi Man Fung , Cheung Ching Lung , Cheung BM 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors presaging the development of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. It is a risk factor for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aims to estimate the prevalence of MetS in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018.Methods: This cohort study included 22370 eligible participants aged ≥20 years from the NHANES 2011-2018. MetS was defined as the presence of at least three of these components: central obesity, reduced high-density lipoprotein, elevated triglycerides, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting blood glucose. The prevalence of MetS was estimated taking into account the complex sampling. The time trend was evaluated using logistic regression. Annual percentage changes (APC) were used to measure the trends in MetS prevalence.Results: The prevalence of MetS was 36.2% (95% CI, 32.3-40.3), 34.8% (95% CI, 32.3-37.4), 39.9% (95% CI, 36.6-43.2) and 38.3% (95% CI, 35.3-41.3) in 2011-2, 2013-4, 2015-6, 2017-8, respectively (P for trend =.08). Among the MetS components, the prevalence of elevated glucose increased from 48.7% (95% CI, 45.9-51.5) in 2011-2 to 64.3% (95% CI, 61.0-67.4) in 2017-8 [P for trend <.001; APC=11.7, (95% CI, 3.5-21.0)]. The prevalence of MetS in non-Hispanic Asian increased from 21.8% (95% CI, 16.7-28.0) in 2011-2 to 31.2% (95% CI, 27.4-35.3) in 2017-8 [P for trend <.001; APC=14.6, (95% CI, 2.5-34.8)].Conclusions: The prevalence of MetS remained stable from 2011 to 2018, but increased among non-Hispanic Asians. Lifestyle modification is needed to prevent metabolic syndrome and the associated risks of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Regulation of the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Stimulates Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Experimental Streptococcus Pneumoniae Meningitis
Authors: Zhang Dandan , Zhao Shengnan , Zhang Zhijie , Xu Danfeng , Lian Di , Wu Jing , He Dake , Sun Kun , Li Ling 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis is a destructive central nervous system (CNS) infection with acute and long-term neurological disorders. Compelling evidence provided by previous studies suggests that p75NTR signaling influences cell survival, apoptosis, and proliferation in brain-injured conditions. However, the role of p75NTR signaling in regulating pneumococcal meningitis (PM)-induced neuroinflammation and altered neurogenesis remains largely to be elucidated.Methods: p75NTR signaling activation in the pathological process of PM was assessed. During acute PM, a small-molecule p75NTR modulator LM11A-31 or vehicle was intranasally administered for 3 days prior to S.pneumoniae exposure. At 24h post-infection, clinical severity, histopathology, astrocytes/microglia activation, neuronal cell apoptosis and death, inflammation-related transcription factors and inflammatory factors were evaluated. Additionally, p75NTR was knocked down by the adenovirus-mediated short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) to ascertain the role of p75NTR in PM. During long-term PM, the intranasal administration of LM11A-31 or vehicle was continued for 7 days after successfully establishing the PM model. Hippocampal neurogenesis was evaluated by double-labeling immunofluorescence with EdU, DCX and NeuN. Results: Our results revealed that both 24h (acute) and 7,14,28day (long-term) groups of infected rats demonstrated increased p75NTR expression in the brain. During acute PM, modulation of p75NTR through pretreatment of PM model with LM11A-31 significantly alleviated S.pneumoniae-induced clinical severity, histopathological injury and the activation of astrocytes and microglia. LM11A-31 pretreatment also significantly ameliorated neuronal cell apoptosis and death. Moreover, we found that blocking p75NTR with LM11A-31 decreased the expression of inflammation-related transcription factors (NF-κBp65, C/EBPβ) and proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS) in the cortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, p75NTR knockdown induced significant changes in histopathology and inflammation-related transcription factors expression. Importantly, combined LM11A-31 adjuvant therapy significantly improved hippocampal neurogenesis.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the p75NTR signaling plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of PM. Targeting p75NTR has benefit effects on PM rats by alleviating neuroinflammation and promoting hippocampal neurogenesis. Thus, the p75NTR signaling may be a potential therapeutic target to improve the outcome of PM.