bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective nationwide multicentre cohort study of the clinical significance of autoimmune features in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias
Authors: Enomoto Noriyuki , Homma Sakae , Inase Naohiko , Kondoh Yasuhiro , Saraya Takeshi , Takizawa Hajime , Inoue Yoshikazu , Ishii Hiroshi , Taguchi Yoshio , Izumi Shinyu , Yamano Yasuhiko , Tanino Yoshinori , Nishioka Yasuhiko , Toyoshima Mikio , Yokomura Koshi , Imokawa Shiro , Koshimizu Naoki , Sano Takehisa , Akamatsu Taisuke , Mukae Hiroshi , Kato Motoyasu , Hamada Naoki , Chiba Hirofumi , Akagawa Shinobu , Muro Shigeo , Uruga Hironori , Matsuda Hiroyuki , Kaida Yusuke , Kanai Miho , Mori Kazutaka , Masuda Masafumi , Hozumi Hironao , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Nakamura Yutaro , Ogawa Noriyoshi , Suda Takafumi 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundSome patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) show autoimmune features. Interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features (IPAF) was recently proposed as a research concept in these patients. However, retrospective studies reported conflicting results of its prognosis. Therefore, this study was conducted to prospectively evaluate the clinical significance of autoimmune features in patients with IIP.MethodsThis nationwide multicentre study prospectively enrolled consecutive patients with IIP. At the diagnosis, we systematically evaluated 63 features suggestive of connective tissue diseases using a checklist including symptoms/signs and autoantibodies, which contained most items of the IPAF criteria and followed up with the patients. Clinical phenotypes were included in a cluster analysis.ResultsIn 376 patients with IIP enrolled, 70 patients (18.6%) met the IPAF criteria. The proportion of patients with IPAF was significantly lower in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) than in non-IPF (6.0% vs 24.3%, respectively). During a median observation period of 35 months, patients with IPAF more frequently developed systemic autoimmune diseases and had less frequent acute exacerbation of IIPs than patients with non-IPAF. IPAF diagnosis was significantly associated with better survival and was an independent positive prognostic factor in total and patients with non-IPF. Cluster analysis by similarity of clinical phenotypes identified a cluster in which there was a higher number of women, and patients had more autoimmune features and a better prognosis than other clusters.InterpretationThese observations suggest that some patients with IIP show autoimmune features with distinct characteristics and favourable prognosis. However, we were not able to determine the appropriate therapies for these patients.
Variations in growth and architecture in the range limit of Salix humboldtiana, the willow native to South America
Authors: Salgado Mariana , Gallo Leonardo Ariel , Torres Cristian Daniel , Stecconi Marina , Puntieri Javier Guido 
Published: July 2021

The conditions faced by edge populations of a tree species may affect the architecture of individual trees. The latitudinally broad range of Salix humboldtiana Willd. encompasses tropical to cold-temperate climatic regions, with its southernmost population in central Patagonia. We expected S. humboldtiana trees from the southern-edge population to develop smaller shoots and a lower level of axis differentiation than trees of this species from a more northern population, and we expected edge trees to outperform non-edge trees when growing in a common garden at an intermediate latitude. For juvenile individuals of S. humboldtiana from edge and non-edge natural populations, the trunk diameter, height, branching angle, as well as the length, number of nodes, diameter, leaf area, and specific leaf area of the main branch and the trunk annual shoots were measured. The size and extension rates of shoots developed by trees of both origins in a common garden were also evaluated. In natural populations, the shoot leaf area and the specific leaf area were higher for the edge population than for the non-edge population. In a common garden, the shoot extension period and the length were higher for non-edge plants than for edge plants. The growth-period differences between populations in a common garden may support the hypothesis of stress adaptation in the southernmost S. humboldtiana trees.
An anisotropic charged fluids with Chaplygin equation of state
Authors: Estevez-Delgado Joaquin , Maya Noel Enrique Rodríguez , Peña José Martínez , Cleary-Balderas Arthur , Paulin-Fuentes Jorge Mauricio 
Published: July 2021

A stellar model with an electrically charged anisotropic fluid as a source of matter is presented. The radial pressure is described by a Chaplygin state equation, [Formula: see text], while the anisotropy [Formula: see text] is annulled in the center of the star [Formula: see text] is regular and [Formula: see text], the electric field, is also annulled in the center. The density pressures and the tangential speed of sound are regular, while the radial speed of sound is monotonically increasing. The model is physically acceptable and meets the stability criteria of Harrison–Zeldovich–Novikov and in respect of the cracking concept the solution is unstable in the region of the center and potentially stable near the surface. A graphic description is presented for the case of an object with a compactness rate [Formula: see text], mass [Formula: see text] and radius [Formula: see text] km that matches the star Vela X-1. Also, the interval of the central density [Formula: see text], which is consistent with the expected magnitudes for this type of stars, which shows that the behavior is accurate for describing compact objects.
An 8-bit Hybrid TDC/Single-Slope ADC with an Improved Continuous-Time Comparator
Authors: Naghieh Pedram , Rahiminejad Ehsan 
Published: July 2021

Single-slope analog-to-digital converter (SS ADC) and time-to-digital converter (TDC) architectures in their high-speed or high-resolution status tend to either have high-power consumption or occupy large area. However, using the hybrid structure of these two, although synchronizing them might be a limiting factor, can solve the area and power consumption issues. In this paper, a 4-bit SS ADC is combined with a 4-bit TDC. Moreover, a new low-powered continuous-time comparator architecture is designed to adjust its current based on not only the inputs amplitude but also their proximity near the flip point. In addition, a novel delay correction technique is utilized to resolve its nonlinear propagation delay. The presented technique reduces 90% nonlinearity of the comparator’s propagation delay and decreases its delay variation to 450[Formula: see text]ps. Using TSMC CMOS 130[Formula: see text]nm technology with a sampling frequency of 5.88[Formula: see text]MHz, the simulation result illustrates 788[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]W power consumption with the master clock frequency of 100[Formula: see text]MHz while an integral nonlinearity (INL) of [Formula: see text]1.41–+0.76[Formula: see text]LSB and a differential nonlinearity (DNL) of [Formula: see text]1.05–+0.05[Formula: see text]LSB is achieved in 625[Formula: see text]ps resolution. Finally, figure-of-merit (FoM) depicts 31.2[Formula: see text]fJ/conv. step. The presented converter can be used in CMOS image sensors and multi-resolution applications.
On β-Plurality Points in Spatial Voting Games
Authors: Aronov Boris , De Berg Mark , Gudmundsson Joachim , Horton Michael 
Published: July 2021

Let
V
be a set of
n
points in mathcal R
d
, called
voters
. A point
p
∈ mathcal R
d
is a
plurality point
for
V
when the following holds: For every
q
∈ mathcal R
d
, the number of voters closer to
p
than to
q
is at least the number of voters closer to
q
than to
p
. Thus, in a vote where each
v
∈
V
votes for the nearest proposal (and voters for which the proposals are at equal distance abstain), proposal
p
will not lose against any alternative proposal
q
. For most voter sets, a plurality point does not exist. We therefore introduce the concept of
β-plurality points
, which are defined similarly to regular plurality points, except that the distance of each voter to
p
(but not to
q
) is scaled by a factor
β
, for some constant 0< β ⩽ 1. We investigate the existence and computation of
β
-plurality points and obtain the following results.

• Define β
*
d
:= {β : any finite multiset
V
in mathcal R
d
admits a β-plurality point. We prove that β
*
d
= √3/2, and that 1/√
d
⩽ β
*
d
⩽ √ 3/2 for all
d
⩾ 3.

• Define β (
p, V
) := sup {β :
p
is a β -plurality point for
V
}. Given a voter set
V
in mathcal R
2
, we provide an algorithm that runs in
O
(
n
log
n
) time and computes a point
p
such that β (
p
,
V
) ⩾ β
*
b
. Moreover, for
d
⩾ 2, we can compute a point
p
with β (
p
,
V
) ⩾ 1/√
d
in
O
(
n
) time.

• Define β (
V
) := sup { β :
V
admits a β -plurality point}. We present an algorithm that, given a voter set
V
in mathcal R
d
, computes an ((1-ɛ)ċ β (
V
))-plurality point in time
O
n
2
ɛ
3d-2
ċ log
n
ɛ
d-1
ċ log
2
1ɛ).
Say it well, say it often
Authors: Yaffe Philip 
Published: July 2021

Each "Communication Corner" essay is self-contained; however, they build on each other. For best results, before reading this essay and doing the exercise, go to the first essay "How an Ugly Duckling Became a Swan," then read each succeeding essay.
Two people can give a speech on exactly the same subject, using almost exactly the same information, yet one speech will be a brilliant success and the other a dismal failure. How does this happen? Many factors contribute to success or failure, but only one factor virtually guarantees that your speech will stand out like a shining light or be clothed in darkness like a burned-out bulb.
(Invited) Surface Modification of Dye-Sensitized Hydrogen-Evolving Photocatalyst for Z-Scheme Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Kobayashi Atsushi , Yoshimura Nobutaka , Yoshida Masaki , Kato Masako 
Published: July 2021

Z-scheme water splitting system composed of water reduction and oxidation photocatalysts coupled with redox-reversible electron mediator has attracted considerable attention because of the promising activity for water splitting under visible light irradiation. To improve the activity of Z-scheme water-splitting photocatalyst, how to achieve the one-way electron transfer from O2 evolution photocatalyst to H2 evolution photocatalyst through electron mediator is crucial. Dye-sensitization is one of the promising approaches not only to enhance the light absorption ability but also to improve the charge separation efficiency at the dye-semiconductor interface. We recently found that the multilayering of Ru(II) dyes on the surface of water reduction catalyst Pt-TiO2 nanoparticle (nRu@Pt-TiO2, n = number of layers of Ru(II) dyes) significantly improved the photocatalytic H2 evolution activity.[1] In this work, to enhance the electron donation from iodide, we have synthesized two different 2Ru@Pt-TiO2 nanoparticles with different surface structures: P-2Ru@Pt-TiO2 having phosphate groups on the surface and ZrP-2
Ru@Pt-TiO2 with Zr4+-phosphate groups on the surface as well as our previously reported 2Ru@Pt-TiO2 without any surface phosphonates.[2]
Figure shows the results of photocatalytic H2 evolution reactions in 0.5 M aqueous KI solutions of three kinds of dye-double-layered nanoparticle photocatalysts with different surface structures. The amount of H2 produced after 6 h of light irradiation increased in the following order: 2Ru@Pt-TiO2 < P-2Ru@Pt-TiO2 < ZrP-2Ru@Pt-TiO2
. Notably, the AQY of ZrP-2Ru@Pt-TiO2 in the first hour of reaction was approximately 1%. The Ru(III)/Ru(II) redox potential of Ru(II)dye with phosphonic acid groups was reported to be shifted positively to less than 0.1 V by immobilization to the TiO2 surface or by coordination bond formation with Zr4+ cations[3], suggesting that the binding of Zr4+ to the phosphonic acid groups of Ru(II) dye has little effect on the driving force of the electron donation reaction from the iodide. The zeta potential of ZrP-2Ru@Pt-TiO2 was estimated to be +7 mV without KI, and it negatively shifted to −6 mV in the presence of 0.5 M KI. On the other hand, the shift of P-2Ru@Pt-TiO2 was estimated to be smaller (from −7 to −12 mV). The negative shifts in the 0.5 M KI aqueous solution could be ascribed to the attraction of iodide anions to the nanoparticle surface by electrostatic interactions with the surface Zr4+ cations in the case of ZrP-2Ru@Pt-TiO2, and by hydrogen-bonding interactions with the surface phosphonic acids for P-2Ru@Pt-TiO2. These results suggest that the surface structure of Ru(II) dye-sensitized Pt-TiO2 nanoparticle photocatalyst has a great influence on the reactivity with the redox mediator. Details will be discussed.

Figure 1
Electrochemical and Spectral Properties of Highly Distorted Rhenium Phthalocyanine Complexes
Authors: WANG Mengfei , Koike Yosuke , Murata Kei , Saito Daisuke , Kato Masako , Ishii Kazuyuki 
Published: July 2021

Phthalocyanines exhibit distinct physicochemical properties by modifying the π-conjugated system which makes them as the suitable candidates for various applications. Recently, we synthesized and characterized rhenium phthalocyanine (Re1Pc, Re2Pc) and rhenium tetraazaporphyrin (Re1TAP, Re2TAP) complexes (Figure 1 (a)).1

In terms of electrochemical properties (Figure 1 (c)), compared to the corresponding Zn complexes (ZnPc, ZnTAP), both the first oxidation and the first reduction potentials of Re complexes (Re1Pc, Re2Pc, Re1TAP, Re2TAP) shift to the positive side owing to the introduction of electron-deficient [Re(CO)3]+ unit(s). On the other hand, by reducing the π-conjugated system from Pc to TAP, more positive oxidation potentials are observed in the ReTAP complexes. This trend is consistent with the changes in the calculated HOMO and LUMO energy levels (Figure 1 (b)). Notably, the positively shifted oxidation potentials of these complexes significantly improve the tolerance towards oxidation, which is essential for various applications.
In the electronic absorption spectra of these Re complexes, the unsymmetric coordination of the [Re(CO)3]+ unit(s) concomitantly produces a remarkable red shift of the Q band. Also, in ReTAP complexes, the broadening of the Q bands is uniquely observed.
DFT calculations indicate that the macrocycle skeletons in Pc and TAP are highly distorted, in contrast to the high stability towards oxidation. In the presentation, the distorted structures will be discussed in detail.
[1] K. Murata, Y. Koike, K. Ishii, Chem. Commun., 2020, 56, 13760-13763.
Figure 1. (a) Molecular structures of RePc and ReTAP complexes. (b) Energy plots of the molecular orbitals and (c) the electrochemical results of MPc and MTAP complexes.

Figure 1
(Invited) Helicate Europium Complexes for the Design of Efficient Luminescence and Electro-Luminescence Devices
Authors: Hasegawa Miki 
Published: July 2021

Molecular structure in metal complexes enhances their electronic structure and physicochemical properties such as luminescence. It is well known that the number of coordination of a lanthanide ion is various from six to twelve. Here, we will introduce a series of helicate europium (Eu) complexes which having hexadentate ligand with chelate effect to keep the coordination of its aromatic ligand as photo-antenna to induce ff emissions of Eu.[1]
The Eu complex (EuL) has a neutral ligand consisted in two bipyridine moieties bridged by ethylenediamine and two nitrate ions, and takes a cationic complex. The molecular structure succeeded to form the efficient energy donor behavior from the measurement of electro-static potential by the synchrotron single crystal X-ray analysis (SPring-8, BL01B1), because the bipyridine moiety has kept the excited state like a terpyridine moiety. The luminescence band of Eu was observed at 616 nm with relatively high luminescent quantum yields (QY) by UV excitation.
The complex is also soluble in ionic liquids (IL) when the same counter anions were used in both the complex and IL such as PF6
-.[2] Luminescence and electronic absorption bands position of EuL in IL were same. Interestingly the QY of the complex drastically increased in IL because of the high viscosity.
IL was also useful for the application for electrochemistry as a medium. Actually, there are several papers of Eu complexes were reported to explain the possibility of luminescence color change by the redox reaction of Eu ion[3]. If Eu ion takes divalent state, the luminescence color will be shifted at blue, and can be switch the color between red and blue by electrochemistry.
In the case of EuL in IL, we adopted the solution to electronic cells and found the luminescence intensity changing at around +2.0 and -1.8 V [4]. It exhibites the reversibility with keeping the possible luminescence intensity. Thus, the stable halicate structure and cationic state of EuL act as a electrochemical active behavior in IL.
Author acknowledges Professor Y. Kim, Hokkaido University for the collaboration of electrochemistry in the ionic liquids.
[1] (a)M. Hasegawa, et al., New J. Chem., 2014, 38, 1225-1234; (b) M. Hasegawa, et al., ChemPlusChem, 2020, 85, 294-300; (c) M. Hasegawa, et al., Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0pp00069h, (d) M. Hasegawa & H. Ohmagari, Chem. Lett., 2020, 49, 845-854.
[2] Y. Hasegawa, M. Hasegawa, et al., Molecules, 2018, 23, 55.
[3] (a)K. Binnemans, Chem Rev, 2007, 107(6), 2592–2614; (b) M. Mukaigawa & H. Ohno, Solid State Ionics, 1998, 113-115, 439-442.
[4] Y. Kim & M. Hasegawa, et al., 2020, DOI:10.1021/acsami.0c13765.

Figure 1
Rational Molecular Design of Nonfullerene Acceptors for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Authors: Imahori Hiroshi 
Published: July 2021

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have received considerable attention as clean energy conversion devices because of their lightweightness, cost effectiveness, flexibility, and suitability for roll-to-roll printing. In the past few decades, the active layer of OPV devices has usually consisted of conjugated polymers as donors and fullerene derivatives as acceptors, which typically form a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure.1,2 The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OPVs based on fullerene derivative acceptors has reached over 10%. However, it is difficult to further increase the PCE of fullerene-based OPVs due to their inherent limitations including arduous energy-level tunability and low absorption profile. To enhance the photovoltaic performance of OPVs, nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) with aromatic fused-ring structures have been extensively developed in recent years to fabricate high-efficiency OPVs. Compared to traditional fullerene acceptors, NFAs possess several advantages, such as facile synthesis and high absorption profile. Most high-performance NFAs possess acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) type structures, in which fused multi-ring ladder structures are used as the D unit and 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone (IC) derivatives as the A unit.
In this talk I will give an overview of our recent studies on novel nonfullerene acceptors. In paticular, several nonfullerene acceptors possessing different D units have been designed and synthesized to address the relationship between the structure and the photophysical and photovoltaic properties of the A-D-A type nonfullerene acceptors.3,4

[1] T. Umeyama and H. Imahori, J. Mater. Chem. A (Feature Article), 2, 11545-11560 (2014).
[2] T. Umeyama and H. Imahori, Acc. Chem. Res.
52, 2046-2055 (2019).
[3] T. Umeyama, K. Igarashi, D. Sasada, Y. Tamai, K. Ishida, T. Koganezawa, S. Ohtani, K. Tanaka, H. Ohkita, and H. Imahori, Chem. Sci., 11, 3250-3257 (2020).
[4] T. Umeyama, K. Igarashi, D. Sasada, K. Ishida,T. Koganezawa, S. Ohtani, K. Tanaka, and H. Imahori, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 12, 39236-39244 (2020).
Porphyrin Based Porous Materials for Catalytic Application
Authors: Lee Suk Joong 
Published: July 2021

Porous materials (PMs) such as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), porous coordination polymers (PCPs), porous organic polymers (POPs), and polymers with intrinsic microporosity (PIMs), have received much attention due to their wide range of applications including catalysis, separation, gas storage, drug delivery, biosensing, and imaging. Although they have been successfully obtained by various synthetic techniques, their preparations are still a major task because the translation of building blocks into well-defined structures is challenging. In this regard, metalloporphyrins would be good building blocks for the construction of such functional materials witnessed by a wide range of molecular architectures using porphyrin derivatives, such as molecular boxes, self-assembled arrays, CPs and MOFs with various applications. In addition, they are often used to fabricate various architectures and to mimic the extraordinary performances of enzymes. Particularly, the heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts, such as immobilization and/or site-isolation of homogeneous catalysts using supporters are widely used strategies. In this regard, I like to present the preparations and heterogeneous catalytic uses of metalloporphyrins in various porous materials.
References

D. Y. Shin, J. H. Yoon, S. H. Kim, H. Baik, S. J. Lee,* "Immobilization of Porphyrinic Mn(III) Catalyst on a New Class of Silica Support Comprising Three-Dimensionally Interconnected Network with Two Different Sizes of Pores",
Catal. Sci. Technol. 2018, 8, 6306-6310.

J. Yi, H. Y. Jeong, D. Y. Shin, C. Kim, S. J. Lee,* "Mn(III)-Porphyrin Containing Heterogeneous Catalyst based on Microporous Polymeric Constituents as a New Class of Catalyst Support",
ChemCatChem 2018, 10, 3974-3977.

J. Yi, H. M. Ahn, J. H. Yoon, C. Kim, S. J. Lee,* " Preparation of a bispyridine based porous organic polymers as a new platform for Cu(II) catalyst and its use in heterogeneous olefin epoxidation",
New J. Chem., 2018, 42, 14067-14070.