bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing local daily temperatures by means of novel analog approaches: a case study based on the city of Augsburg, Germany
Authors: Merkenschlager Christian , Koller Stephanie , Beck Christoph , Hertig Elke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWithin the scope of urban climate modeling, weather analogs are used to downscale large-scale reanalysis-based information to station time series. Two novel approaches of weather analogs are introduced which allow a day-by-day comparison with observations within the validation period and which are easily adaptable to future periods for projections. Both methods affect the first level of analogy which is usually based on selection of circulation patterns. First, the time series were bias corrected and detrended before subsamples were determined for each specific day of interest. Subsequently, the normal vector of the standardized regression planes (NVEC) or the center of gravity (COG) of the normalized absolute circulation patterns was used to determine a point within an artificial coordinate system for each day. The day(s) which exhibit(s) the least absolute distance(s) between the artificial points of the day of interest and the days of the subsample is/are used as analog or subsample for the second level of analogy, respectively. Here, the second level of analogy is a second selection process based on the comparison of gridded temperature data between the analog subsample and the day of interest. After the analog selection process, the trends of the observation were added to the analog time series. With respect to air temperature and the exceedance of the 90th temperature quantile, the present study compares the performance of both analog methods with an already existing analog method and a multiple linear regression. Results show that both novel analog approaches can keep up with existing methods. One shortcoming of the methods presented here is that they are limited to local or small regional applications. In contrast, less pre-processing and the small domain size of the circulation patterns lead to low computational costs.
Orbitofrontal control of conduct problems? Evidence from healthy adolescents processing negative facial affect
Authors: Böttinger Boris William , Baumeister Sarah , Millenet Sabina , Barker Gareth J. , Bokde Arun L. W. , Büchel Christian , Quinlan Erin Burke , Desrivières Sylvane , Flor Herta , Grigis Antoine , Garavan Hugh , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Ittermann Bernd , Martinot Jean-Luc , Martinot Marie-Laure Paillère , Artiges Eric , Orfanos Dimitri Papadopoulos , Paus Tomáš , Poustka Luise , Fröhner Juliane H. , Smolka Michael N. , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Schumann Gunter , Banaschewski Tobias , Brandeis Daniel , Nees Frauke ,   IMAGEN Consortium
Published: April 2021

AbstractConduct problems (CP) in patients with disruptive behavior disorders have been linked to impaired prefrontal processing of negative facial affect compared to controls. However, it is unknown whether associations with prefrontal activity during affective face processing hold along the CP dimension in a healthy population sample, and how subcortical processing is affected. We measured functional brain responses during negative affective face processing in 1444 healthy adolescents [M = 14.39 years (SD = 0.40), 51.5% female] from the European IMAGEN multicenter study. To determine the effects of CP, we applied a two-step approach: (a) testing matched subgroups of low versus high CP, extending into the clinical range [N = 182 per group, M = 14.44 years, (SD = 0.41), 47.3% female] using analysis of variance, and (b) considering (non)linear effects along the CP dimension in the full sample and in the high CP group using multiple regression. We observed no significant cortical or subcortical effect of CP group on brain responses to negative facial affect. In the full sample, regression analyses revealed a significant linear increase of left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity with increasing CP up to the clinical range. In the high CP group, a significant inverted u-shaped effect indicated that left OFC responses decreased again in individuals with high CP. Left OFC activity during negative affective processing which is increasing with CP and decreasing in the highest CP range may reflect on the importance of frontal control mechanisms that counteract the consequences of severe CP by facilitating higher social engagement and better evaluation of social content in adolescents.
Ideal, non-extended formulations for disjunctive constraints admitting a network representation
Authors: Kis Tamás , Horváth Markó 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper we reconsider a known technique for constructing strong MIP formulations for disjunctive constraints of the form $$x \in \bigcup _{i=1}^m P_i$$

x
∈

⋃

i
=
1

m

P
i

, where the $$P_i$$

P
i

are polytopes. The formulation is based on the Cayley Embedding of the union of polytopes, namely, $$Q := \mathrm {conv}(\bigcup _{i=1}^m P_i\times \{\epsilon ^i\})$$

Q
:
=
conv
(

⋃

i
=
1

m

P
i

×

{

ϵ
i

}

)

, where $$\epsilon ^i$$

ϵ
i

is the ith unit vector in $${\mathbb {R}}^m$$

R

m

. Our main contribution is a full characterization of the facets of Q, provided it has a certain network representation. In the second half of the paper, we work-out a number of applications from the literature, e.g., special ordered sets of type 2, logical constraints, the cardinality indicating polytope, union of simplicies, etc., along with a more complex recent example. Furthermore, we describe a new formulation for piecewise linear functions defined on a grid triangulation of a rectangular region $$D \subset {\mathbb {R}}^d$$

D
⊂

R

d

using a logarithmic number of auxilirary variables in the number of gridpoints in D for any fixed d. The series of applications demonstrates the richness of the class of disjunctive constraints for which our method can be applied.
Students’ attitudes towards performance heterogeneity and their relation to contextual factors
Authors: Dotzel Stefanie , Bonefeld Meike , Karst Karina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPrevious studies examining attitudes towards performance heterogeneity have focused on attitudes among teachers. However, positive attitudes towards the school environment are also assumed to be conducive for students. The aim of this paper is to examine students’ attitudes towards performance heterogeneity with a sample of 784 5th-grade students. Based on the three-component theory of attitudes (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993), we investigated whether students’ attitudes towards performance heterogeneity are positive or negative. Furthermore, we analyzed contextual relations, focusing on whether students’ attitudes are linked to performance heterogeneity in the classroom and to a teachers’ behavior to manage performance heterogeneity. Descriptive statistics show that students’ attitudes towards performance heterogeneity are rather positive. Multi-level structural equation models reveal that contextual rather than individual characteristics relate to students’ attitudes towards performance heterogeneity. Accordingly, students in heterogeneous classes show a more positive attitude towards performance heterogeneity than students in less heterogeneous classes. In addition, a teachers’ capability of professionally managing heterogeneity is positively associated with students’ attitudes towards performance heterogeneity. Accordingly, students’ show more positive attitudes if teachers implement rules, effectively manage disruptions, orient themselves towards temporal reference norms, cultivate a positive error culture, and differentiate instruction in the classroom. We will discuss our results and consider implications for psychological aspects of education and learning.
Unravelling the process of petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation in different filter materials of constructed wetlands by stable isotope fractionation and labelling studies
Authors: Watzinger Andrea , Hager Melanie , Reichenauer Thomas , Soja Gerhard , Kinner Paul 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMaintaining and supporting complete biodegradation during remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater in constructed wetlands is vital for the final destruction and removal of contaminants. We aimed to compare and gain insight into biodegradation and explore possible limitations in different filter materials (sand, sand amended with biochar, expanded clay). These filters were collected from constructed wetlands after two years of operation and batch experiments were conducted using two stable isotope techniques; (i) carbon isotope labelling of hexadecane and (ii) hydrogen isotope fractionation of decane. Both hydrocarbon compounds hexadecane and decane were biodegraded. The mineralization rate of hexadecane was higher in the sandy filter material (3.6 µg CO2 g−1 day−1) than in the expanded clay (1.0 µg CO2 g−1 day−1). The microbial community of the constructed wetland microcosms was dominated by Gram negative bacteria and fungi and was specific for the different filter materials while hexadecane was primarily anabolized by bacteria. Adsorption / desorption of petroleum hydrocarbons in expanded clay was observed, which might not hinder but delay biodegradation. Very few cases of hydrogen isotope fractionation were recorded in expanded clay and sand & biochar filters during decane biodegradation. In sand filters, decane was biodegraded more slowly and hydrogen isotope fractionation was visible. Still, the range of observed apparent kinetic hydrogen isotope effects (AKIEH = 1.072–1.500) and apparent decane biodegradation rates (k = − 0.017 to − 0.067 day−1) of the sand filter were low. To conclude, low biodegradation rates, small hydrogen isotope fractionation, zero order mineralization kinetics and lack of microbial biomass growth indicated that mass transfer controlled biodegradation.
The effects of China’s cross-border e-commerce on its exports: a comparative analysis of goods and services trade
Authors: Yin Zi Hui , Choi Chang Hwan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study examines the effects of China’s cross-border e-commerce (CBEC) on its goods and services exports to ‘Belt and Road’ (B&R) countries for the period 2000–2018 using a gravity model. We find that CBEC has a greater positive impact on trade in services than on trade in goods, especially after the implementation of the B&R initiative. Furthermore, as the level of CBEC rises, distance tends to have a lower (higher) impact on services (goods) trade, whereas the impact on services (goods) trade increased (decreased) annually. Hence, promoting the sustainable development of CBEC can lead to increased export volumes.
Induction of Exaggerated Cytokine Production in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by a Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein S1 and Its Inhibition by Dexamethasone
Authors: Olajide Olumayokun A. , Iwuanyanwu Victoria U. , Lepiarz-Raba Izabela , Al-Hindawi Alaa A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An understanding of the pathological inflammatory mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is necessary in order to discover new molecular pharmacological targets for SARS-CoV-2 cytokine storm. In this study, the effects of a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1 was investigated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Stimulation of PBMCs with spike glycoprotein S1 (100 ng/mL) resulted in significant elevation in the production of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-8. However, pre-treatment with dexamethasone (100 nM) caused significant reduction in the release of these cytokines. Further experiments revealed that S1 stimulation of PBMCs increased phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IκBα, and IκBα degradation. DNA binding of NF-κB p65 was also significantly increased following stimulation with spike glycoprotein S1. Treatment of PBMCs with dexamethasone (100 nM) or BAY11-7082 (1 μM) resulted in inhibition of spike glycoprotein S1-induced NF-κB activation. Activation of p38 MAPK by S1 was blocked in the presence of dexamethasone and SKF 86002. CRID3, but not dexamethasone pre-treatment, produced significant inhibition of S1-induced activation of NLRP3/caspase-1. Further experiments revealed that S1-induced increase in the production of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-8 was reduced in the presence of BAY11-7082 and SKF 86002, while CRID3 pre-treatment resulted in the reduction of IL-1β production. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1 stimulated PBMCs to release pro-inflammatory cytokines through mechanisms involving activation of NF-κB, p38 MAPK and NLRP3 inflammasome. It is proposed that the clinical benefits of dexamethasone in COVID-19 are possibly due to its anti-inflammatory activity in reducing SARS-CoV-2 cytokine storm.
Dynamic spectrum access in terrestrial TV band: assessment of prospects in Kenya
Authors: Kryszkiewicz Pawel , Kokkinen Heikki , Ojaniemi Jaakko , Sonoiya Dennis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWireless connectivity has become a significant part of human life all over the world, both in developing and developed countries. In order to provide sufficient coverage without the densification of cellular networks, relatively low carrier frequencies should be used. This paper considers the reuse of the digital terrestrial television (DTT) band for cellular system operation in Kenya, while protecting incumbent TV signal reception according to the Dynamic Spectrum Alliance (DSAL) rules. A state of the art model for DTT coverage and allowed cellular system power calculation is tested using real data for Kenya. Suggestions regarding future DSAL rules amendments are provided. Moreover, the amount of spectrum resources available for cellular system operation in the DTT band in Kenya is estimated against varying system parameters.
Influencer und das Problem mit dem Sixpack
Authors: Pilgrim Katharina , Bohnet-Joschko Sabine 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Kinder und Jugendliche nutzen zum Austausch sowie zur Informationsgewinnung täglich intensiv soziale Netzwerke und lassen sich von Influencern maßgeblich beeinflussen. Dabei werden verstärkt gesundheitsrelevante Inhalte, die Ernährung und Bewegung umfassen, thematisiert.

Ziel
Die Studie soll zu einem besseren Verständnis der Merkmale gesundheitsbezogener Bildsprache von deutschen Fitnessinfluencern auf Instagram beitragen. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt auf dem dargestellten Körperbild.

Material und Methoden
In einem quantitativen Ansatz werden 1000 nicht-kampagnengesteuerte Beiträge zu Ernährung und Bewegung ausgewählter Fitnessinfluencer auf Instagram analysiert.

Ergebnisse
Zentral bei der Influencerkommunikation ist die Inszenierung der eigenen Person. Das dargestellte Körperbild spielt hier eine entscheidende Rolle. Hauptsächlich zu den Themen Ernährung und Bewegung kommunizierende (und werbende) Influencer positionieren ihren gesamten Körper in figurbetonender oder hautentblößender Form.

Schlussfolgerung
Soziale Medien sind Settings, in welchen gesundheitsrelevante Themen intensiv kommuniziert werden. Das Werben für Sportbekleidung und Nahrungsergänzungsmittel steht hier speziell auf Kanälen von deutschen Fitnessinfluencern im Fokus. Strategien zur Prävention und Förderung der Gesundheit sollten junge Menschen in dieser digitalen Lebenswelt abholen und dem durch Influencer beworbenem Körperideal entgegenwirken.
Gruppe – Eine systemtheoretische Bestimmung
Authors: Kühl Stefan 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Artikel wird eine Bestimmung von Gruppe als soziales System vorgenommen. Dabei werden die neuerdings zugänglichen frühen Überlegungen Niklas Luhmanns mit der bisherigen systemtheoretischen Diskussion über die Gruppe zusammengeführt und um eigene Vorschläge erweitert. In Gruppen kann erwartet werden, dass sich Mitglieder als Person darstellen und die Darstellung anderer als Personen unterstützen. Im Gegensatz zu Familien ist dabei die Mitgliedschaft in Gruppen in einem hohen Maße kontingent, sodass die Akzeptanz personenbezogener Kommunikation für die Mitgliedschaft maßgeblich ist. Aufgrund der personalen Orientierung als Mitgliedschaftserwartung in Gruppen lässt sich die Ausbildung und Durchsetzung der Normen und die Differenzierung in Rollen genauer spezifizieren.
On the proximal point algorithm and its Halpern-type variant for generalized monotone operators in Hilbert space
Authors: Kohlenbach Ulrich 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn a recent paper, Bauschke et al. study $$\rho $$
ρ
-comonotonicity as a generalized notion of monotonicity of set-valued operators A in Hilbert space and characterize this condition on A in terms of the averagedness of its resolvent $$J_A.$$

J
A

.

In this note we show that this result makes it possible to adapt many proofs of properties of the proximal point algorithm PPA and its strongly convergent Halpern-type variant HPPA to this more general class of operators. This also applies to quantitative results on the rates of convergence or metastability (in the sense of T. Tao). E.g. using this approach we get a simple proof for the convergence of the PPA in the boundedly compact case for $$\rho $$
ρ
-comonotone operators and obtain an effective rate of metastability. If A has a modulus of regularity w.r.t. $$zer\, A$$

z
e
r

A

we also get a rate of convergence to some zero of A even without any compactness assumption. We also study a Halpern-type variant HPPA of the PPA for $$\rho $$
ρ
-comonotone operators, prove its strong convergence (without any compactness or regularity assumption) and give a rate of metastability.
Mehrebenen-Ansätze – Komplexe Projektarchitekturen in der Organisationsentwicklung
Authors: Kunert S. , Bedenk S. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDieser Artikel widmet sich beraterischen Prinzipien für die Konstruktion von komplexen Projektarchitekturen zur Organisationsentwicklung. Anhand der Gestaltungsgebote Spezifität und Symmetrie, Oszillation, Integration, Choreographie, Phasen, Kaskadierung, Agilität und Adaptivität sowie Anschlussfähigkeit und Irritation werden systemische Grundsätze der Prozessberatung auf die Planung, Supervision und Evaluation von größeren Veränderungsvorhaben übertragen. An einer Fallstudie wird die Anwendung dieser Prinzipien exemplarisch demonstriert.
Effect of Short-Term Low-Temperature Austempering on the Microstructure and Abrasive Wear of Medium-Carbon Low-Alloy Steel
Authors: Luo Quanshun , Mei Haijuan , Kitchen Matthew , Gao Yubi , Bowen Leon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nano-bainitic steels have attracted great attention for good wear resistance. In this research, a medium-carbon low-alloyed steel was austempered at a low temperature close to its martensite-start temperature for various times to obtain mixed microstructure of nano-bainite, martensite and retained austenite. The austempered samples were characterised comprehensively by field-emission SEM and quantitative XRD. Its two-body abrasive wear property was evaluated by sliding on a SiC abrasive disc. The results revealed the formation of initial nano-width carbide-free bainitic ferrite (BF) after austempering by 10 min, whereas the BF size and amount both increased with the austempering time. The austempered samples exhibited wear coefficients lower than the quenched martensitic sample by up to 50%. SEM and TEM observations showed wear mechanisms of micro-cutting and ploughing deformation, including the formation of a nano-laminate top layer and bending deformation in the subsurface multiphase microstructure. The decreased wear loss was attributed to the role of retained austenite in the increased plasticity.

Graphic abstract
Herleitung von Grundvorstellungen als normative Leitlinien – Beschreibung eines theoriebasierten Verfahrensrahmens
Authors: Salle Alexander , Clüver Tomma 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungGrundvorstellungen stellen Richtlinien für die Gestaltung von Lernprozessen sowie für eine strukturierte Erforschung mentaler Repräsentationen bereit. Wie jedoch die Herleitung von Grundvorstellungen vorgenommen werden kann, wird in der Literatur unterschiedlich beschrieben oder nur teilweise expliziert.Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein Verfahrensrahmen für die Herleitung von Grundvorstellungen als normative Leitlinien vorgeschlagen. Dieser umfasst fünf Schritte: (1) Festlegung zentraler Konzepte, zu denen Grundvorstellungen formuliert werden sollen, sowie weiterer Richtlinien für den Herleitungsprozess, (2) sachanalytisch begründete Klassenbildung auf Basis relevanter mathematischer Definitionen, der Begriffsphänomenologie sowie empirischer Ergebnisse, (3) Formulierung konkreter Grundvorstellungen anhand der gebildeten Klassen und Analyse ihrer Beziehungen untereinander, (4) Bestimmung von Grundkenntnissen und Analyse der Beziehungen zu anderen Grundvorstellungen, (5) Klärung der didaktischen Relevanz.Die Herleitung von Grundvorstellungen mit diesem Verfahrensrahmen wird anhand des Sinus- und Bruchzahlbegriffs exemplifiziert.
A numerical study of vibration-induced instrument reading capability degradation in helicopter pilots
Authors: Tamer Aykut , Zanoni Andrea , Cocco Alessandro , Masarati Pierangelo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRotorcraft suffer from relatively high vibratory levels, due to exposure to significant vibratory load levels originating from rotors. As a result, pilots are typically exposed to vibrations, which have non-negligible consequences. Among those, one important issue is the degradation of instrument reading, which is a result of complex human-machine interaction. Both involuntary acceleration of the eyes as a result of biodynamics and vibration of the instrument panel contribute to a likely reduction in instrument reading capability, affecting flight safety. Therefore, being able to estimate the expected level of degradation in visual performance may give substantial benefits during vehicle design, allowing to make necessary adjustments while there is room for design changes or when retrofitting an existing aircraft to ensure the modifications do not adversely affect visual acuity and instrument reading ability. For this purpose, simulation is a very valuable tool as a proper model helps to understand the aircraft characteristics before conducting flight tests. This work presents the assessment of vibration-induced visual degradation of helicopter pilots under vibration exposure using a modular analysis environment. Core elements of the suggested analysis framework are an aeroelastic model of the helicopter, a model of the seat-cushion subsystem, a detailed multibody model of the human biodynamics, and a simplified model of ocular dynamics. These elements are combined into a comprehensive, fully coupled model. The contribution of each element to instrument reading degradation is examined, after defining an appropriate figure of merit that includes both eye and instrument panel vibration, in application to a numerical model representative of a medium-weight helicopter.
Solvents adjusted pure phase CoCO3 as anodes for high cycle stability
Authors: Liu Liming , Huang Xiaoxiao , Wei Zengyan , Duan Xiaoming , Zhong Bo , Xia Long , Zhang Tao , Wang Huatao , Jia Dechang , Zhou Yu , Zhang Rui 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCoCO3 with high theoretical capacity has been considered as a candidate anode for the next generation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, the electrochemical performance of CoCO3 itself, especially the cyclic stability at high current density, hinders its application. Herein, pure phase CoCO3 particles with different particle and pore sizes were prepared by adjusting the solvents (diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, and deionized water). Among them, CoCO3 synthesized with diethylene glycol (DG-CC) as the solvent shows the best electrochemical performance owing to the smaller particle size and abundant mesoporous structure to maintain robust structural stability. A high specific capacity of 690.7 mAh/g after 1000 cycles was achieved, and an excellent capacity retention was presented. The capacity was contributed by diverse electrochemical reactions and the impedance of DG-CC under different cycles was further compared. Those results provide an important reference for the structural design and stable cycle performance of pure CoCO3.