bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strong-Motion Accelerograms of the Oroville, California, aftershocks: Data processing and the aftershock of 0350 August 6, 1975
Authors: Fletcher Jon B. , Brady A. Gerald , Hanks Thomas C. 
Published: June 2021

abstractThe Oroville aftershock accelerograms are characterized by short durations (≲2 sec) of strong ground motion, small S-wave minus trigger times (≲2 sec), and an enrichment in frequencies above 1 Hz, as might be expected for 3 ≲ M ≲5 earthquakes recorded at close distances (R ≲ 15 km). These characteristics introduce significant error into the velocity and displacement traces calculated according to the routine procedures used in the series “Strong Motion Earthquake Accelerograms.” These errors are markedly reduced by removing all decimation in the processing scheme and by constructing a smoother response for the Ormsby high-pass filter. The result is an accurate set of velocity and displacement traces that can be used in a wide variety of source-mechanism and ground-motion studies. These revised processing procedures are applied to the ten strong-motion accelerograms of one of the largest aftershocks (0350 August 6, 1975; ML = 4.7) to illustrate the quality of data available for 12 such well-recorded aftershocks and to estimate the source properties of this particular earthquake. All of the accelerographs triggered on the P wave, allowing the recovery of the complete S wave on ten accelerograms. Offsets in displacement across the S wave and a ramp-like signature leading up to the S wave identified on the displacement traces are apparently near-field source effects. The seismic moment and stress drop determined for this normal faulting event are 4.0 × 1023 dyne-cm, and 410 bars, respectively. The seismic moment and stress drop are determined by averaging individual measurements at 9 and 8 stations, respectively, and are well-constrained with standard deviations that are about 25 per cent of the mean.
S-wave residuals in Canada
Authors: Wickens A. J. , Buchbinder G. G. R. 
Published: June 2021

abstractRelative S-wave station residuals have been determined over the Canadian long-period seismograph network and have been augmented by S residuals to the south into the United States taken from Poupinet (1977). The thick craton of the Canadian Shield is outlined by the S-residual contours with an inferred rapid thinning of the craton to the south except for a narrow central extension into Kentucky and Missouri. A comparison of these S residuals with P-wave residuals of Buchbinder and Poupinet (1977) reveals a low-velocity region in the west, a high-velocity zone centrally, and an area in the east where the S arrivals are late while the P arrivals are early.
Estimating the probability of occurrences of surface faulting earthquakes on the Wasatch fault zone, Utah
Authors: Cluff Lloyd S. , Patwardhan Ashok S. , Coppersmith Kevin J. 
Published: June 2021

abstract
Although geological and geomorphic evidence strongly suggests that the Wasatch fault zone has generated large-magnitude earthquakes in late Quaternary time, the fault zone has not been associated with earthquakes greater than magnitude 512 in the past 133 yr. Therefore, realistic estimates of the likelihood of future damaging earthquakes must be based on more than historical seismicity data. The data base can be expanded by collecting site-specific geological information on earthquake recurrence and fault slip rates and by using this information in a model of the earthquake generation process. Uncertainties in both the physical basis for the model and in the geological parameters dictate a probabilistic approach. A semi-Markov model provides real-time probabilities of occurrence of at least one moderate to large (magnitude 612 or larger) earthquake at either of two sites for given elapsed times. Probabilities derived for the entire Wasatch fault zone are based on earthquake recurrence data on individual fault segments and are especially sensitive to elapsed times on individual segments.
An earthquake sequence in the Sierra Nevada-Great Basin boundary zone: Diamond valley
Authors: Somerville Malcolm R. , Peppin William A. , VanWormer J. D. 
Published: June 2021

abstractThe Diamond Valley, California, earthquakes of September 1978 occurred near the southern termination of the north-striking, east-dipping Genoa Fault, a major normal fault exhibiting cumulative Holocene offsets of up to 10 meters along the eastern margin of the Carson Range. Master-event location of the 14 largest events (ML ≧ 3.0), using two close-in temporary stations for control, revealed a tight cluster 2 km in extent. P-wave first motions for the main shock (ML = 5.0) resolve a strike-slip mechanism with an east-west axis of minimum compressive stress. Faulting (right-lateral) was assigned to the southeast-striking plane on the basis of aftershock migration in that direction. This style of faulting partially accommodates the regional stress field in zones separating left-stepping normal faults of the Sierra Nevada-Great Basin boundary zone. Seismic moments, Wood-Anderson magnitudes, and stress drops were computed for aftershocks using close-in digital seismograms; stress drops were higher than those found by Douglas and Ryall (1972) for aftershocks of the 1954 Fairview Peak earthquake some 130 km to the east. One identifiable characteristic of this sequence is that the ratio of P-to S-wave spectral corner frequencies is considerably greater (2.5) than unity.
Sierra Nevada-Great Basin boundary zone: Earthquake hazard related to structure, active tectonic processes, and anomalous patterns of earthquake occurrence
Authors: VanWormer J. D. , Ryall Alan S. 
Published: June 2021

abstractPrecise epicentral determinations based on local network recordings are compared with mapped faults and volcanic features in the western Great Basin. This region is structurally and seismically complex, and seismogenic processes vary within it. In the area north of the rupture zone of the 1872 Owens Valley earthquake, dispersed clusters of epicenters agree with a shatter zone of faults that extend the 1872 breaks to the north and northwest. An area of frequent earthquake swarms east of Mono Lake is characterized by northeast-striking faults and a crustal low-velocity zone; seismicity in this area appears to be related to volcanic processes that produced thick Pliocene basalt flows in the Adobe Hills and minor historic activity in Mono Lake. In the Garfield Hills between Walker Lake and the Excelsior Mountains, there is some clustering of epicenters along a north-trending zone that does not correlate with major Cenozoic structures. In an area west of Walker Lake, low seismicity supports a previous suggestion by Gilbert and Reynolds (1973) that deformation in that area has been primarily by folding and not by faulting. To the north, clusters of earthquakes are observed at both ends of a 70-km-long fault zone that forms the eastern boundary of the Sierra Nevada from Markleeville to Reno. Clusters of events also appear at both ends of the Dog Valley Fault in the Sierra west of Reno, and at Virginia City to the east.Fault-plane solutions for the belt in which major earthquakes have occurred in Nevada during the historic period (from Pleasant Valley in the north to the Excelsior Mountains on the California-Nevada Border) correspond to normaloblique slip and are similar to that found by Romney (1957) for the 1954 Fairview Peak shock. However, mechanisms of recent moderate earthquakes within the SNGBZ are related to right- or left-lateral slip, respectively, on nearly vertical, northwest-, or northeast-striking planes. These mechanisms are explained by a block faulting model of the SNGBZ in which the main fault segments trend north, have normal-oblique slip, and are offset or terminated by northwest-trending strike-slip faults. This is supported by the observation that seismicity during the period of observation has been concentrated at places where major faults terminate or intersect.Anomalous temporal variations, consisting of a general decrease in seismicity in the southern part of the SNGBZ from October 1977 to September 1978, followed by a burst of moderate earthquakes that has continued for more than 18 months, is suggestive of a pattern that several authors have identified as precursory to large earthquakes. The 1977 to 1979 variations are particularly noteworthy because they occurred over the entire SNGBZ, indicating a regional rather than local cause for the observed changes.
St. Elias, Alaska, earthquake of February 28, 1979: Tectonic setting and precursory seismic pattern
Authors: Perez Omar J. , Jacob Klaus H. 
Published: June 2021

abstractThe St. Elias earthquake of February 28, 1979 and two earlier earthquakes in the St. Elias Range, Alaska, are shown to have involved thrust motion on gently NNW-dipping faults associated with subduction of the Pacific beneath the North American Plate. The space-time patterns of the seismicity located within and in the immediate vicinity of the rupture zone of the St. Elias event in the 16-yr period prior to it, indicate approximately 6.3 yr of relative quiescence before the main shock, interrupted by a burst of seismic activity about 3 yr prior to the event. This observed seismic pattern resembles those reported for other large earthquakes, and therefore, we suggest that the preceding burst of activity may have been a precursor.
Tiltmeter observations at Cape Yakataga, Alaska, preceding the St. Elias earthquake,M= 7.8, of February 28, 1979
Authors: Myren G. D. , Mortensen C. E. , Murray T. L. , Iwatsubo E. Y. 
Published: June 2021

abstractOn February 28, 1979 at 2127 UTC, a magnitude of 7.7 earthquake occurred near Mt. St. Elias in southeastern Alaska. The U.S. Geological Survey has been operating a shallow borehole tiltmeter at Cape Yakataga, Alaska, 80 km southeast of the epicenter since March 1977. This instrument has been telemetering data to Menlo Park, California, via Landsat satellite with an onsite strip chart recorder as backup.The strip chart record shows fluctuations due to meteorological effects. However, for 2 months preceding the earthquake, the east-west trace is steady at the 2-μrad level. Instrumental response at the time of the earthquake shows an offset of 4.5 μrad with an exponential decay over several hours to a new level. Five days after the earthquake, both north-south and east-west components returned to pre-earthquake levels. This postseismic tilting may be complicated by meteorological effects.
Traumatic Cuboid Dislocation. The Potential Role of Plantar Ligaments Integrity in Facilitating Reduction
Authors: Mazzotti Antonio , Bonelli Simone , Zielli Simone , Arceri Alberto , Viglione Valentina , Faldini Cesare 
Published: June 2021

Case:
A 56-year-old male patient sustained a traumatic cuboid medioplantar dislocation associated with a lateral cuneiform fracture. The patient was treated with open reduction and fixation using 2 temporary Kirschner wires. During surgery, the plantar ligament apparatus was found to be almost intact and the reduction was easily performed. At the last follow-up visit, the patient's functional outcomes were excellent.

Conclusions:
Traumatic cuboid medioplantar dislocation associated with lateral cuneiform fracture usually requires surgical treatment. The authors conclude the integrity of the plantar ligament apparatus may play a role in facilitating the reduction.
Complicated Traumatic Nerve Injury Treated with Tendon Transfers in a Patient with Myotonic Dystrophy
Authors: García-Gutiérrez Alex S. , Pérez-Padilla Adriana E. , Leon-Rojas Jose E. , Ramos-Gonzales Edison , Ramírez Iván , Trujillo María B. 
Published: June 2021

Case:
We report a right-handed 37-year-old woman, with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (MD1), presenting with a posterior interosseus nerve injury because of a penetrating trauma in the right forearm. The tendon transfer technique was chosen based on tendon response and functionality of the arms during the surgery. The patient has been able return to her daily life activities with proper fine and gross motor control.

Conclusion:
Despite tendon transfer surgery being a common technique for radial nerve palsy reconstruction, its use has not been extensively described in the literature in patients with muscular dystrophies such as MD1.
Performance Analysis of Crosstalk Subcarrier Multiplexing and Wave Division Multiplexing in Optical Communication System
Authors: Elsayed Ebrahim E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In traditional optical communication, duplexity is achieved by using two fibers, each having a transmitter and a receiver. Economically, bidirectional wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission systems utilizing a single fiber will be more attractive not only reducing the use of the fiber by a factor of two, but also the number of components. Duplex transmissions over a single fiber can double the capacity of an installed unidirectional link. The idea of this paper is to study another approach using the subcarrier multiplexing (SCM)-based optical network and evaluate the physical transmission quality of analog and digital signal using SCM approach and the characteristic of fiber nonlinear crosstalk such as stimulated Raman scattering, Cross phase modulation and four-wave mixing in the SCM externally modulation optical link. A suitable bandwidth of 890 – 950 MHz is selected for subcarriers and channel bandwidth of 200 KHz and carrier. By measuring the optical bit interference (OBI) performance limitations of the subcarrier multiplexing WDM optical transmission system is investigated. The OBI for 10 channels for input power 1 dB is -40 dB whereas for 110 channels the OBI is -20 dB separation of 250 KHz are considered.
Pneumothorax in Tertiary Intensive Care With COVID-19 is Associated With Increased Mortality
Authors: bektaş serife gökbulut , Bölükbaşı Demet , Konak Baha Burak , Akdağ Ahmet Gökhan , Çalışkan Aydan , İzdeş Seval 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: To examine the laboratory findings with clinical characteristics and treatments of patients who were hospitalized in a tertiary intensive care unit with the diagnosis of COVID-19 and developed pneumothorax and to determine epidemiology and risks of pneumothorax.Methods: The study was conducted by retrospectively examining the electronic records of 681 COVID-19 patients who were followed up between 1 April 2020 and 1 January 2021 in 3 tertiary care units (each was 24 beds). Patients demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, mechanical ventilator parameters and chest imaging were collected retrospectively,.Results: Pneumothorax in 22 (3.2%) of 681 with COVID-19 patients were detected and ARDS in 481 (70.6). All the study patients met ARDS diagnostic criterias. Mortality rates were 43.4% (296/681) in all patients, 52.8% (254/481) in patients with ARDS, and 86.3% (19/22) in patients with pneumothorax. Pneumothorax occurred in the patients within a mean of 17.4 ± 4.8 days. The computed tomographies of patients were observed common ground-glass opacities, heterogenic distribution with patch infiltrates, alveolar exudates, interstitial thickening in the 1st week of their follow-up. Conclusion: We observed that pneumothorax significantly increased mortality in COVID-19 patients with ARDS. We believe that understanding and preventing the characteristics of pneumothorax will make an important contribution to mortality reduction.
Enhancement of Soil Phosphorus Bioavailability by Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Earthworms Through Regulating Soil Bacterial Community and Plant Nutrient Balance Under Salt Stress
Authors: Zhang Wenwen , Wang Chong , Li Nan , Xu Zhongnan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Aims

Soil salinization is an important factor limiting plant phosphorus (P) uptake and crop production. This study aimed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) and earthworms in enhancing soil P bioavailability by regulating soil salt ions and altering the soil bacterial community under salt stress.
Methods

Treatments with or without earthworms and with or without AMFs in a high-salinity soil were applied.
Results

The results showed that the maize biomass and plant P, Ca and Mg contents were significantly increased by earthworms and AMF inoculation, and the highest plant P, Ca and Mg contents were observed with earthworm application alone. Earthworms and AMFs significantly decreased the soil stable inorganic P (hydroxyapatite) proportion and increased the soil available dicalcium phosphate proportion. AMFs significantly increased soil phosphatase activity and inorganic P fraction contents. Earthworms and AMFs significantly increased soil bacterial Chao1 and phylogenetic diversity. Structural equation model analysis showed that the most important driver of soil P mineralization was soil bacterial diversity, followed by soil Ca2+ and total salt concentration. Network analysis suggested that the response of bacteria to soil Ca2+ but not salt concentration positively correlated with soil P availability. Earthworms and AMFs could stimulate certain bacteria harbouring the phoX alkaline phosphatase gene to increase soil phosphatase activity and soil P availability.
Conclusions

In conclusion, earthworms and AMFs could enhance soil P bioavailability by stimulating soil P-cycling bacteria to activate soil stable inorganic P and by improving the plant cation nutrient balance under salt stress.
Genomics and Simulated Laboratory Studies Reveal Thermococcus sp. 101C5 as A Novel Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Possessing Specialized Metabolic Arsenal for Enhanced Oil Recovery from High-Temperature Oil Reservoirs (101 °C)
Authors: Kapse Neelam G. , Paliwal Vasundhara , Dagar Sumit Singh , Rana Dolly Pal , Dhakephalkar Prashant K 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Laboratory evaluation of hyperthermophiles with the potential for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) is often hampered by the difficulties in replicating the in situ growth conditions in the lab. In the present investigation, genome analysis was used to gain insights into the metabolic potential of a hyperthermophile to mobilize the residual oil from depleting high-temperature oil reservoir. Here, we report the 1.9 Mb draft genome sequence of hyperthermophilic anaerobic archaeon, Thermococcus sp. 101C5 with a GC content of 44%, isolated from a high temperature oil reservoir of Gujarat, India. 101C5 possessed the genetic arsenal required for adaptation to harsh oil reservoir conditions, such as various heat shock proteins for thermo-adaptation, Trk potassium uptake system proteins for osmo-adaptation, and superoxide reductases against oxidative stress. MEOR potential of the strain was established by the presence of genes encoding enzymes involved in desired metabolite production like hydrogen, acetate, exopolysaccharide, bio-emulsifier, etc., which was further experimentally confirmed and validated. Also, the presence of crude oil degradative genes highlighted the ability of the strain to mobilize heavy residual oil, which was confirmed under simulated conditions in sand-pack studies. The obtained results demonstrated additional oil recoveries of 42.1% and 56.5% at 96°C and 101°C, respectively, by strain 101C5, illustrating its potential for application in high-temperature oil reservoirs. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of genome analysis of any microbe assessed for its suitability for MEOR from the high-temperature oil reservoir.
Strategy to calculate magnesium sulfate dose in obese patients: A randomized blind trial
Authors: Filho Sebastião E. Silva , Klinsky Omar S. , Vieira Joaquim E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUNDMagnesium sulfate has analgesic properties in the postoperative period. Among obese patients, there is a gap in the knowledge of its pharmacology related to the use of real, ideal, or corrected ideal body weight in calculating its dose. This trial compared postoperative analgesia using actual and corrected ideal body weight.METHODSSeventy-five obese patients scheduled to undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia were randomly assigned to three groups. Patients in the control group received no magnesium sulfate; patients in the other two groups received magnesium sulfate 40 mg·kg− 1 of actual body weight or corrected ideal body weight. A ten nonobese patients group helped us as a model of the expected blood magnesium concentration after magnesium sulfate administration in general population.RESULTSPatients from the groups receiving magnesium sulfate showed significant reduction in morphine consumption (p ≤ 0.001) and pain scores (p = 0.006) in the postoperative period compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in the consumption of morphine (p = 0.323) or pain scores (p = 0.082) between these groups. There was no difference in the total duration of neuromuscular block induced by cisatracurium among the three groups (p = 0.181) or in the blood magnesium concentrations throughout the study.CONCLUSIONSMagnesium sulfate decreased postoperative pain and morphine consumption without affecting cisatracurium recovery time in obese patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Analgesic profile was similar in groups receiving magnesium sulfate calculated through real or corrected ideal body weight.TRIAL REGISTRATIONclinicaltrials.gov NCT04003688. (Date of registration: June 24, 2019)
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) And The Risk of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Baracy Michael , Afzal Fareeza , Szpunar Susanna , Tremp MaKenzie , Grace Karlee , Liovas Marina , Aslam Muhammad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the association of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy with SARs-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women.Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all pregnant patients with positive SARs-CoV-2 molecular test at four participating hospitals located in a large metropolitan city and who delivered between February 1st and November 24th, 2020. Patients who tested positive during their pregnancy and delivered (index cases) were compared to the three subsequent deliveries of patients who tested negative (controls) at the same institution. We evaluated the impact of COVID-19 on the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Results: A total of 280 patients were included in the study: 70 patients who tested positive for Coronavirus Disease-2019 and 210 matched controls. Compared with pregnancies negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 was associated with an increased risk of developing a hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (OR 3.68, 95% CI 1.67 -8.10). Overall rates of preeclampsia with severe features were significantly higher in patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis (18.6% vs 7.1%, p=0.006). Of COVID-19 positive patients, an early SARS-CoV-2 infection (prior to 32 week’s gestation) conferred a higher risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (OR=6.29, CI 1.64-24.07; p=0.007). There was no difference in route of delivery, preterm birth, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal demise, or pregnancy and fetal outcomes.Conclusion: COVID-19 is a risk factor for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.Tweetable AbstractPatients who test positive for COVID-19 during their pregnancy are at increased risk of developing a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy compared to pregnant patients who test negative for COVID-19. Earlier SARs-CoV-2 infection results in increased risk of developing a hypertensive disorder. Furthermore, even patients who are asymptomatic but positive for SARs-CoV-2 during their pregnancy have a higher risk of developing a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy.