bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive factor of recurrence after endoscopic papillectomy for ampullary neoplasms
Authors: Takahashi Kosuke , Ozawa Eisuke , Yasuda Ichiro , Komatsu Naohiro , Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Ohnita Ken , Yamao Takuji , Oba Kazuo , Ichikawa Tatsuki , Nakao Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground/PurposeRecurrence of ampullary neoplasms after endoscopic papillectomy (EP) has not been well elucidated. This study aimed to clarify the predictive factors for recurrences after EP. We also aimed to investigate the retreatment of the recurrent lesions and their outcomes.MethodsThis multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 96 patients with ampullary neoplasms who underwent EP at four tertiary centers between January 2000 and October 2018.ResultsThe pathological diagnoses of resected specimens confirmed adenoma in 62 and adenocarcinoma in 34 patients (six Tis, 24 T1a, three T1b, one inconclusive). Complete resection was confirmed for 79 patients (82.3%). Recurrent lesions were observed in 13 patients (13.5%) during a median follow‐up of 3 months (1‐36 months) after EP. The predictive factors of recurrence were piecemeal resection, and non‐negative horizontal or vertical margin in univariate analysis. Non‐negative vertical margin was the only independent predictive factor of recurrence in the multivariate analysis. The recurrent lesions were treated endoscopically in 11 patients. Recurrence after the endoscopic retreatments was observed in one patient.ConclusionsComplete resection with negative vertical margin is an important factor in preventing the recurrence of ampullary neoplasms after EP. Endoscopic retreatments are also feasible for recurrent lesions.
Networks of linked radial muscles could influence dynamic skin patterning of squid chromatophores
Authors: Senft Stephen L. , Kuzirian Alan M. , Hanlon Roger T. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe visibility of cephalopod chromatophore organs is regulated dynamically by rosettes of obliquely striated radial muscles that dilate or relax the diameter of a central pigmented sacculus in 100–300 ms. Each of the several dozen muscles has a flared proximal end that adheres tightly to its pigmented sacculus and an extremely elongated distal end which branches into single fibrils that anchor into the dermis. This geometry provides ample opportunity for overlap of the many muscles from neighboring chromatophores. The temporal activity of these muscles has been believed to be patterned exclusively by monosynaptic projections from sets of efferent motor axons originating in the chromatophore lobes of the suboesophageal brain. Based on historical observations that distal radial muscles from some chromatophores appear to extend closely to muscles from other chromatophores, we asked whether radial muscles actually make specialized contacts. Using 3D electron microscopy of Doryteuthis pealeii mantle skin, we discovered tight putatively functional muscle‐to‐muscle contacts between radial muscles from different chromatophores, including elaborate sets of axonal processes located adjacent to those myo–myo junctions. These detailed ultrastructural findings demonstrate auxiliary anatomical routes for radial muscle activation and suggest plausible mechanisms whereby local physical synchronization and axo‐axonic processing in the periphery can contribute to chromatophore pattern dynamics such as “passing cloud.”
Producing high quality mung bean sprout using atmospheric cold plasma treatment: better physical appearance and higher γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) content
Authors: Chou Yu‐Jou , Cheng Kuan‐Chen , Hsu Fu‐Chiun , Wu James Swi‐Bea , Ting Yuwen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDGermination of mung beans increases the content of dietary fiber, vitamin C, antioxidants, and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). Atmospheric cold plasma is a recently developed technology that can rapidly modify the surface properties of an object. In this work, atmospheric cold plasma was utilized to promote higher moisture absorption of mung bean seeds and, thus, enhance the germination ratio and GABA level. The selected healthy seeds that were exposed to plasma generated at different ionizing powers.RESULTAccording to the experimental results, atmospheric cold plasma treatments on mung bean seeds could induce significantly more water absorption and lead to a higher rate of germination. The physical appearance of the sprout developed after plasma treatment was noticeably modified to a more desirable form, which has a short radicle and longer hypocotyls with a larger diameter. The content of the bioactive component GABA in plasma‐treated beans was approximately three times higher than the untreated group due to the response of seed to the environmental stress created by the plasma treatment.CONCLUSIONThe result from this work will serve as a good reference for future investigation that is searching for a solution to enhance bioactive compound production in natural products. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Post‐anthesis thermal stress induces differential accumulation of bioactive compounds in field‐grown barley
Authors: Martínez‐Subirà Mariona , Romero María‐Paz , Moralejo Marian , Macià Alba , Puig Eva , Savin Roxana , Romagosa Ignacio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDBarley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a healthy grain because of its high content of dietary fibre and phenolic compounds. It faces periods of high temperature during grain filling, frequently reducing grain weight. Heat stress may also affect some of the bioactive compounds present in the grain. To produce quality grains that provide nutritional and health benefits, it is important to understand the effect of environmental stresses on the quantity and quality of bioactive compounds.RESULTSWe have studied the effect of post‐anthesis thermal stress on barley bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity under Mediterranean field conditions during two consecutive growing seasons in four barley genotypes. Thermal stress affected grain weight and size and changed the relative composition of bioactive compounds. The relationship between heat stress and grain β‐glucans and arabinoxylans content was indirect, as the resulting increases in concentrations were due to the lower grain weight under stress. Conversely, heat stress had a significant direct impact on some phenolic compounds, increasing their concentrations differentially across genotypes, which contributed to an improvement in antioxidant capacity of up to 30%.CONCLUSIONPost‐anthesis thermal stress had a significant effect on β‐glucans, arabinoxylans, phenolic compound concentration and antioxidant capacity of barley grains. Final grain quality could, at least partially, be controlled in order to increase the bioactive concentrations in the barley grain, by cultivation in growing areas prone to heat stress. Late sowings or late flowering genotypes could also be considered, should a premium be implemented to compensate for lower yields. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Evaluation of multilayer perceptron neural networks and adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems for the mass transfer modeling of Echium amoenum Fisch. & C. A. Mey
Authors: Chasiotis Vasileios , Nadi Fatemeh , Filios Andronikos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMultilayer perceptron (MLP) feed‐forward artificial neural networks (ANN) and first‐order Takagi–Sugeno‐type adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) are utilized to model the fluidized bed‐drying process of Echium amoenum Fisch. & C. A. Mey. The moisture ratio evolution is calculated based on the drying temperature, airflow velocity and process time. Different ANN topologies are examined by evaluating the number of neurons (3 to 20), the activation functions and the addition of a second hidden layer. Different numbers (2 to 5) and shapes of membership functions are examined for the ANFIS, using the grid partitioning method. The models with the best performance in terms of prediction accuracy, as evaluated by the statistical indices, are compared with the best fit thin‐layer model and the available data from the experimental cases of 40 °C, 50 °C and 60 °C temperatures at 0.5, 0.75 and 1 ms−1 airflow velocity.RESULTSThe best performed ANFIS model, comprised by 5–2‐2 of π‐shaped andtriangular membership functions for time, temperature and airflow velocityinputs respectively, was able to describe the moisture ratio evolution of E. amoenum more precisely than the best ANN topology, achieving higher values of coefficientof determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and sum of squared errors(SSE). The best thin‐layer model involving six adjustable parameters, managedto describe experimental data most accurately with R2 = 0.9996, RMSE = 0.0057and SSE = 7.3·10−4.CONCLUSIONThe results of the comparative study indicate that empirical regression models with increased numbers of adjustable parameters, constitute a simpler and more accurate modeling approach for estimating the moisture ratio of E. amoenum Fisch. & C. A. Mey under fluidized bed drying. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Diagnostic Accuracies of Laryngeal Diseases Using a Convolutional Neural Network‐Based Image Classification System
Authors: Cho Won Ki , Lee Yeong Ju , Joo Hye Ah , Jeong In Seong , Choi Yeonjoo , Nam Soon Yuhl , Kim Sang Yoon , Choi Seung‐Ho 
Published: May 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThere may be an interobserver variation in the diagnosis of laryngeal disease based on laryngoscopic images according to clinical experience. Therefore, this study is aimed to perform computer‐assisted diagnosis for common laryngeal diseases using deep learning‐based disease classification models.Study DesignExperimental study with retrospective dataMethodsA total of 4106 images (cysts, nodules, polyps, leukoplakia, papillomas, Reinke's edema, granulomas, palsies, and normal cases) were analyzed. After equal distribution of diseases into ninefolds, stratified eightfold cross‐validation was performed for training, validation process and remaining onefold was used as a test dataset. A trained model was applied to test sets, and model performance was assessed for precision (positive predictive value), recall (sensitivity), accuracy, F1 score, precision–recall (PR) curve, and PR‐area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (PR‐AUC). Outcomes were compared to those of visual assessments by four trainees.ResultsThe trained deep neural networks (DNNs) outperformed trainees' visual assessments in discriminating cysts, granulomas, nodules, normal cases, palsies, papillomas, and polyps according to the PR‐AUC and F1 score. The lowest F1 score and PR‐AUC of DNNs were estimated for Reinke's edema (0.720, 0.800) and nodules (0.730, 0.780) but were comparable to the mean of the two trainees' F1 score with the best performances (0.765 and 0.675, respectively). In discriminating papillomas, the F1 score was much higher for DNNs (0.870) than for trainees (0.685). Overall, DNNs outperformed all trainees (micro‐average PR‐AUC = 0.95; macro‐average PR‐AUC = 0.91).ConclusionsDNN technology could be applied to laryngoscopy to supplement clinical assessment of examiners by providing additional diagnostic clues and having a role as a reference of diagnosis.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 131:2558–2566, 2021
Otolaryngology Residency Program Rankings and Social Media Usage: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Patro Ankita , Carr Shane , Stevens Madelyn N. , Landeen Kelly C. , Cass Nathan D. , Haynes David S. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveSocial media is a powerful networking tool among health care organizations. This study determines correlations between program reputation and social media activity and popularity, specifically among otolaryngology residency programs.MethodsAccredited programs, excluding military and osteopathic, in the United States were included. Activity and popularity on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram were assessed during the same 7‐month period from 2016 to 2020. Doximity Residency reputation scores (dividing programs into quartiles) and US News & World Report (comparing programs affiliated with top hospitals versus those with unranked hospitals) were utilized to compare differences based on reputation.ResultsOf 104 programs, 91 (88%) had social media accounts. Instagram and Twitter were more commonly used than Facebook, with 78 (75%), 49 (47%), and 42 (40%) accounts, respectively. The cumulative use of all three platforms grew yearly, while Twitter (R2 = 0.9863) and Instagram (R2 = 0.9955) presence increased exponentially. Doximity's top quartile programs had more Facebook (P = .020), Twitter (P < .001), and Instagram (P = .102) accounts. First‐quartile programs also adopted each platform months before fourth‐quartile programs. Stratified by US News & World Report, ranked programs had more social media accounts, with 24 (53%) on Facebook (P = .028), 32 (71%) on Twitter (P < .001), and 37 (82%) on Instagram (P = .155). Programs with higher reputations were more active and exhibited increased likes and followers over time.ConclusionSocial media use among otolaryngology programs has grown exponentially, with Instagram and Twitter becoming the dominant platforms. Higher ranked programs are more active on social media, have more followers, and adopt social media earlier.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:2455–2460, 2021
Application of OCT‐Derived Attenuation Coefficient in Acute Burn‐Damaged Skin
Authors: Lu Jie , Deegan Anthony J. , Cheng Yuxuan , Liu Teng , Zheng Yujiao , Mandell Samuel P. , Wang Ruikang K. 
Published: May 2021

Background and ObjectivesThere remains a need to objectively monitor burn wound healing within a clinical setting, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) is proving itself one of the ideal modalities for just such a use. The aim of this study is to utilize the noninvasive and multipurpose capabilities of OCT, along with its cellular‐level resolution, to demonstrate the application of optical attenuation coefficient (OAC), as derived from OCT data, to facilitate the automatic digital segmentation of the epidermis from scan images and to work as an objective indicator for burn wound healing assessment.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA simple, yet efficient, method was used to estimate OAC from OCT images taken over multiple time points following acute burn injury. This method enhanced dermal–epidermal junction (DEJ) contrast, which facilitated the automatic segmentation of the epidermis for subsequent thickness measurements. In addition, we also measured and compared the average OAC of the dermis within said burns for correlative purposes.ResultsCompared with unaltered OCT maps, enhanced DEJ contrast was shown in OAC maps, both from single A‐lines and completed B‐frames. En face epidermal thickness and dermal OAC maps both demonstrated significant changes between imaging sessions following burn injury, such as a loss of epidermal texture and decreased OAC. Quantitative analysis also showed that OAC of acute burned skin decreased below that of healthy skin following injury.ConclusionsOur study has demonstrated that the OAC estimated from OCT data can be used to enhance imaging contrast to facilitate the automatic segmentation of the epidermal layer, as well as help elucidate our understanding of the pathological changes that occur in human skin when exposed to acute burn injury, which could serve as an objective indicator of skin injury and healing.
Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser Versus Carboxytherapy in Treatment of Striae Distensae
Authors: Elmorsy Eman H. , Elgarem Yehia F. , Sallam Eman S. , Taha Alsayeda A. A. 
Published: May 2021

Background and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser versus carboxytherapy in treatment of striae distensae.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted on forty female patients with striae distensae on the abdomen. Patients were selected and divided randomly into two matched groups; group I was treated with fractional CO2 laser resurfacing and group II with carboxytherapy. Assessment and evaluation of the results were done by comparing photographs and the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS).ResultsPregnancy, obesity, and long‐term steroid use were the most common causes of striae in both groups. Both groups showed a statistically significant improvement in both the width and length of striae with no statistically significant difference between them. Patients' satisfaction was comparable in both groups. Pain and post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation were the two most common side effects in group I while bruising at the injection site was the most common in group II.ConclusionsBoth modalities could be effective in management of striae distensae. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC
A bivalent recombinant vaccine targeting the S1 protein induces neutralizing antibodies against both SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and wild‐type of the virus
Authors: He Cai , Yang Jingyun , He Xuemei , Hong Weiqi , Lei Hong , Chen Zimin , Shen Guobo , Yang Li , Li Jiong , Wang Zhenling , Song Xiangrong , Wang Wei , Lu Guangwen , Wei Xiawei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in pandemic call for the urgent development of universal corona virus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines which could be effective for both wild‐type SARS‐CoV‐2 and mutant strains. In the current study, we formulated protein subunit vaccines with AS03 adjuvant and recombinant proteins of S1 subunit of SARS‐CoV‐2 (S1‐WT) and S1 variant (K417N, E484K, N501Y, and D614G) subunit (S1‐Mut), and immunized transgenic mice that express human angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). The S1 protein‐specific antibody production and the neutralization capability for SARS‐CoV‐2 and B.1.351 variant were measured after immunization in mice. The results revealed that the S1‐Mut antigens were more effective in inhibiting the receptor‐binding domain and ACE2 binding in B.1.351 variant than in wild‐type SARS‐CoV‐2. Furthermore, the development of a bivalent vaccine exhibited the ideal neutralization properties against wild‐type and B.1.351 variant, as well as other variants. Our findings may provide a rationale for the development of a bivalent recombinant vaccine targeting the S1 protein that can induce the neutralizing antibodies against both SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and wild‐type of the virus and may be of importance to explore the potential clinical use of bivalent recombinant vaccine in the future.
Gray Matter Vulnerabilities Predict Longitudinal Development of Apathy in Huntington's Disease
Authors: De Paepe Audrey E. , Ara Alberto , Garcia‐Gorro Clara , Martinez‐Horta Saül , Perez‐Perez Jesus , Kulisevsky Jaime , Rodriguez‐Dechicha Nadia , Vaquer Irene , Subira Susana , Calopa Matilde , Muñoz Esteban , Santacruz Pilar , Ruiz‐Idiago Jesus , Mareca Celia , de Diego‐Balaguer Ruth , Camara Estela 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundApathy, a common neuropsychiatric disturbance in Huntington's disease (HD), is subserved by a complex neurobiological network. However, no study has yet employed a whole‐brain approach to examine underlying regional vulnerabilities that may precipitate apathy changes over time.ObjectivesTo identify whole‐brain gray matter volume (GMV) vulnerabilities that may predict longitudinal apathy development in HD.MethodsForty‐five HD individuals (31 female) were scanned and evaluated for apathy and other neuropsychiatric features using the short‐Problem Behavior Assessment for a maximum total of six longitudinal visits (including baseline). In order to identify regions where changes in GMV may describe changes in apathy, we performed longitudinal voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) on those 33 participants with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan on their second visit at 18 ± 6 months follow‐up (78 MRI datasets). We next employed a generalized linear mixed‐effects model (N = 45) to elucidate whether initial and specific GMV may predict apathy development over time.ResultsUtilizing longitudinal VBM, we revealed a relationship between increases in apathy and specific GMV atrophy in the right middle cingulate cortex (MCC). Furthermore, vulnerability in the right MCC volume at baseline successfully predicted the severity and progression of apathy over time.ConclusionsThis study highlights that individual differences in apathy in HD may be explained by variability in atrophy and initial vulnerabilities in the right MCC, a region implicated in action‐initiation. These findings thus serve to facilitate the prediction of an apathetic profile, permitting targeted, time‐sensitive interventions in neurodegenerative disease with potential implications in otherwise healthy populations. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Technical Note: Quantification of blood‐spinal cord barrier permeability after application of magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound in spinal cord injury
Authors: Cross Chloe G. , Payne Allison H. , Hawryluk Gregory W. , Haag‐Roeger Riley , Cheeniyil Rahul , Brady Dalton , Odéen Henrik , Minoshima Satoshi , Cross Donna J. , Anzai Yoshimi 
Published: May 2021

PurposeTo demonstrate that magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) facilitates blood‐spinal cord barrier (BSCB) permeability and develop observer‐independent MRI quantification of BSCB permeability after MRgFUS for spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsNoninjured Sprague‐Dawley rats (n = 3) underwent MRgFUS and were administered Evans blue post‐MRgFUS to confirm BSCB opening. Absorbance was measured by spectrophotometry and correlated with its corresponding image intensity. Rats (n = 21) underwent T8–T10 laminectomy and extradural compression of the spinal cord (23g weighted aneurysm‐type clip, 1 min). The intervention group (n = 11) was placed on a preclinical MRgFUS system, administered microbubbles (Optison, 0.2 mL/kg), and received 3 MRgFUS sonications (25 ms bursts, 1 Hz pulses for 3 min, 3 acoustic W, approximately 1.0–2.1 MPa peak pressure as measured via hydrophone). The sham group (n = 10) received equivalent procedures with no sonications. T1w MRI was obtained both pre‐ and post‐MRgFUS BSCB opening. Spinal cords were segmented manually or semiautomatically and a Pearson correlation with P ≤ 0.001 was used to correlate the two segmentation methods. MRgFUS sonication and control regions intensity values were evaluated with a paired t‐test with a P ≤ 0.01.ResultsSemiautomatic segmentation reduced computational time by 95% and was correlated with manual segmentation (Pearson = 0.92, P < 0.001, n = 71 regions). In the noninjured rat group, Evans blue absorbance correlated with image intensity in the MRgFUS and control regions (Pearson = 0.82, P = 0.02, n = 6). In rats that underwent the SCI procedure, an increase in signal intensity in the MRgFUS targeted region relative to control was seen in all SCI rats (10.65 ± 12.4%, range: 0.96–43.9%, n = 11, P = 0.002). SCI sham MRgFUS revealed no change (0.63 ± 0.52%, 95% CI 0.320.95, n = 10). This result was significant between both groups (P = 0.003).ConclusionThe implemented semiautomatic segmentation procedure improved data analysis efficiency. Quantitative methods using contrast‐enhanced MRI with histological validation are sensitive for detection of blood‐spinal cord barrier opening induced by magnetic resonance‐guided focused ultrasound.