bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
One-pot Synthesis of (R)- and (S)-phenylglycinol From Bio-based L-phenylalanine by an Artificial Biocatalytic Cascade
Authors: Zhang Jiandong , Qi Ning , Gao Lili , Li Jing , Zhang Chaofeng , Chang Honghong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chiral phenylglycinol is a very important chemical in the pharmaceutical manufacturing. Current methods for synthesis of chiral phenylglycinol often suffered from unsatisfied selectivity, low product yield and using the non-renewable resourced substrates, then the synthesis of chiral phenylglycinol remain a grand challenge. Design and construction of synthetic microbial consortia is a promising strategy to convert bio-based materials to high value-added chiral compounds. In this study, we reported a six-step artificial cascade biocatalysis system for conversion of biobased L-phenylalanine to yield chiral phenylglycinol. The cascade biocatalysis system was conducted by a microbial consortium composed of two engineered recombinant Escherichia coli cells modules, one recombinant E. coli cell module co-expression of six different enzymes (phenylalanine ammonia lyase/ferulic acid decarboxylase/phenylacrylic acid decarboxylase/styrene monooxygenase/epoxide hydrolase/alcohol dehydrogenase) for efficient conversion of L-phenylalanine into 2-hydroxyacetophenone. The second recombinant E. coli cell module expression of an (R)-ω-transaminase or co-expression of the (S)-ω-transaminase, alanine dehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase for conversion of 2-hydroxyacetophenone to (S)- or (R)-phenylglycinol, respectively. Combining the two engineered E. coli cell modules, after the optimization of bioconversion conditions (including pH, temperature, glucose concentration, amine donor concentration and cell ratio), L-phenylalanine could be easily converted to (R)-phenylglycinol and (S)-phenylglycinol with up to 99% conversion and >99% ee. Preparative scale biotransformation was also conducted on 100 mL scale, (S)-phenylglycinol and (R)-phenylglycinol were obtained in 71.0% and 80.5% yield, >99% ee, and 5.19 g/L.d and 4.42 g/L.d productivity, respectively. The salient features of this biocatalytic cascade system are good yields, excellent ee, mild reaction conditions and no need for additional cofactor (NADH/NAD+), provide a practical biocatalytic method for sustainable synthesis of (S)-phenylglycinol and (R)-phenylglycinol from biobased L-phenylalanine.
Synthesis, crystal structure, and quantum mechanical studies regarding a new metal–organic complex based on Cd (II)
Authors: razmara zohreh , Shiri Fereshteh , Karimi Pouya , Necas Marek 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A novel metal-organic complex formulated as [Cd (phen)(dipic) (H2O)2]. 3 H2O (phen = 1, 10-phenanthroline; dipic2−= pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate) has been hydrothermally synthesized at 150°C for 48h. The structure of Cd complex was characterized by elemental analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). The crystal system of Cd complex is monoclinic with space group C 2/c. The pentagonal bipyramid (seven coordinate) around Cd2+ center filled by two terminal water ligands, one 1,10-phenanthroline, and one pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate anion. Extensive O–H···O hydrogen bonding interactions involving all coordinated water molecules, dipicolinate oxygens, and crystallization water molecules further stabilize the complex units by linking them to form three-dimensional polymeric networks. Indeed, quantum mechanical studies were performed to understand effective factors on stability of the Cd(II) complex.
Study of Hollow ZnO Nanoparticles by Flame Spray Synthesis
Authors: Hui Li 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Hollow ZnO nanoparticles prepared by flame spray synthesis(FSP) have been reported in this letter. By the results obtained from X-Ray diffraction(XRD) pattern and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM) picture, it is concluded that the hollow ZnO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized at high temperature. The size of hollow nanoparticles distributed between 20 and 30 nm, and the formation mechanism of this hollow structure was discussed in the synthesis process. The strong ultra-visible(UV) emission was shown in photoluminescence(PL) spectra, while the mechanism had been explained in detail.
Transcriptomic comparison of ovarian granulosa cells between adult sheep and prepubertal lambs
Authors: Tian Hao , Ren Panyu , Liu Kailing , Qiu Lijuan , Fan Lihong , Li Junlong , Hou Jian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
The oocyte development ability of prepubertal animals is significantly lower than that of adult animals. Granulosa cells (GCs) have an important function on regulation of follicular and oocyte development. Therefore, analysis of GCs characteristics can be used to explore the developmental mechanism of follicles and oocytes.
Results
In order to understand the possible reasons for the differences in follicles and oocytes development between lambs and adult sheep, we utilized high-throughput sequencing technique to analyze the transcriptome of GCs from follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) superstimulated adult ewes and prepubertal lambs. Adult ewes were stimulated with FSH for 3 days (group A) and lambs were FSH-stimulated for 2 days (group B) or 3 days (group C). Transcriptome analysis of GCs showed that there were 405 and 159 differentially expressed genes from A vs. B and A vs. C, respectively. The results indicated that prolonging the FSH-stimulation of lambs made the GC state of lambs more similar to the adult sheep, but there were still a large number of differentially expressed genes between adult sheep and lambs. Further analysis showed that many differently expressed genes were implicated in cell proliferation and apoptosis, oocyte development and follicular ovulation. Cellular examination demonstrated that fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), which was highly expressed in lamb GCs, had a potential of promoting cell apoptosis. Cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (PLA2G4A), which was expressed lowly in lamb GCs, may be responsible for reduced synthesis of prostaglandins in cells and impaired follicle/oocyte development. In contrast, glutathione S-transferase β-1 (GSTT2B) and forkhead boxO6 (FOXO6) had no apparent effect on the proliferation and apoptosis of GCs.
Viral infection and transmission in a large, well-traced outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant
Authors: Lu Jing , Li Baisheng , Deng Aiping , Li Kuibiao , Hu Yao , Li Zhencui , Xiong Qianlin , Liu Zhe , Guo Qianfang , Zou Lirong , Zhang Huan , Zhang Meng , Ouyang Fangzhu , Su Juan , Su Wenzhe , Xu Jing , Lin Huifang , Sun Jing , Peng Jinju , Jiang Huimin , Zhou Ping-Ping , Zheng Huanying , Xiao Jianpeng , Liu Tao , Che Rongfei , Zeng Hanri , Zheng Zhonghua , Huang Yushi , Yu Jianxiang , Yi Lina , Wu Jie , Chen Jingdiao , Zhong Haojie , Deng Xiaoling , Kang Min , Pybus Oliver , Hall Matthew , Lythgoe Katrina , Li Yan , Yuan Jun , He Jianfeng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We report the first local transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in mainland China. All 167 infections could be traced back to the first index case. Daily sequential PCR testing of the quarantined subjects indicated that the viral loads of Delta infections, when they first become PCR+, were on average ~1000 times greater compared to A/B lineage infections during initial epidemic wave in China in early 2020, suggesting potentially faster viral replication and greater infectiousness of Delta during early infection. We performed high-quality sequencing on samples from 126 individuals. Reliable epidemiological data meant that, for 111 transmission events, the donor and recipient cases were known. The estimated transmission bottleneck size was 1-3 virions with most minor intra-host single nucleotide variants (iSNVs) failing to transmit to the recipients. However, transmission heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 was also observed. The transmission of minor iSNVs resulted in at least 4 of the 30 substitutions identified in the outbreak, highlighting the contribution of intra-host variants to population level viral diversity during rapid spread. Disease control activities, such as the frequency of population testing, quarantine during pre-symptomatic infection, and level of virus genomic surveillance should be adjusted in order to account for the increasing prevalence of the Delta variant worldwide.
Malaria Trigram: Improving the Visualisation of Recurrence Data for Malaria Elimination
Authors: de Morais Cleber Matos , Monteiro Kayo Henrique de Carvalho , Brito-Sousa Jose Diego , Monteiro Wuelton Marcelo , Sampaio Vanderson Souza , Endo Patricia Takako , Kelner Judith 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Although considerable success in reducing the incidence of malaria has been achieved in Brazil in recent years, an increase in the proportion of cases caused by the harder-to-eliminate Plasmodium vivax parasite can be noted. Recurrences in P. vivax malaria cases are due to new mosquito-bite infections, drug resistance or especially from relapses arising from hypnozoites. As such, new innovative surveillance strategies are needed. The aim of this study was to develop an infographic visualisation tool to improve individual-level malaria surveillance focused on malaria elimination in the Brazilian Amazon.Methods: Action Research methodology was employed to deal with the complex malaria surveillance problem in the Amazon region. Iterative cycles were used, totalling four cycles with a formal validation of an operational version of the Malaria Trigram tool at the end of the process. Further probabilistic data linkage was carried out so that information on the same patients could be linked, allowing for follow-up analysis since the official system was not planned in such way that includes this purpose.Results: An infographic user interface was developed for the Malaria Trigram that incorporates all the visual and descriptive power of the Trigram concept. It is a multidimensional and interactive historical representation of malaria cases historical per patient over time and provides visual input to decision-makers on recurrences of malaria.Conclusions: The Malaria Trigram is aimed to help public health professionals and policy makers to recognise and analyse different types of patterns in malaria events, including recurrences and reinfections, based on the current Brazilian health surveillance system, the SIVEP-Malária system, with no additional primary data collection or change in the current process. By using the Malaria Trigram, it is possible to plan and coordinate interventions for malaria elimination that is integrated with other parallel actions in the Brazilian Amazon region, such as vector control management, developing of an effective drugs for treatment and effective vaccine.
A Comparative Study of Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcome for Stiff Knee with or without Sequential Antirheumatic Drug Treatment
Authors: Jia Cheng-Qi , Guan Xiao-Rui , Zhao Zhi-Lai , Chen Ji-Ying , Li Xiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundTo evaluate influence of antirheumatic drug treatment on knee function of patients with stiff knee after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). MethodsTwenty-seven patients (44 knees) of active RA (rheumatoid arthritis) or AS (ankylosing spondylitis) with stiff knee were included in this study. And they were divided into two groups according to continue antirheumatic drug treatment or not after TKA: the therapeutic group (16 patients, 27 knees) and the controlled group (11 patients, 17 knees). The outcomes were assessed by Knee Society Score (KSS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), range of motion (ROM) (at week 6, month 6, year 1 and year 2), “Forgotten Joint” Scale (FJS), with or without crutch, satisfaction and revision (at year 2). The knee prosthetic loosening was evaluated by the followed X-ray at each following time. ResultsThe mean follow-up time was 51 months (34-69 months). The KSS were higher at week 6 after TKA in the therapeutic group (p < 0.05), however, the functional scores of KSS at month 6, year 1 and year 2 in the controlled group were more points improved. The therapeutic patients preferred the knee more at month 6, year 1 and year 2. The differences of KSS clinical scores (at month 6, year 1 and year 2), VAS, ROM, Crutch and FJS between the two groups were not statistically significant (p＞0.05). ConclusionFor patients with stiff knees, the sequential antirheumatic drug treatment after TKA had no effect on postoperative KSS, but can improve the satisfaction.Level of evidence﻿Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Analysis of the Function of the Loops in G-quadruplex in the Promoter of the Transcription Factor BmPOUM2 in the Silkworm, Bombyx Mori
Authors: Chen Yanfei , Niu Kangkang , Song Qisheng , Feng Qili 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Bachguound: A G4 structure in the promoter of the transcription factor BmPOUM2 was identified in Bombyx mori. This G4 structure binds with the transcription factor BmLARK and is involved in the transcription of BmPOUM2. However, the structure and functional domains of the BmPOUM2 G4 remain to be clarified.Results: In this study, the relationship between the loop structure and the function of the BmPOUM2 G4 was examined using mutation, CD analysis, EMSA, MST and luciferase assay. The results revealed that the loop mutations could not suppress the G4 structure formation, but loop C does influence the LARK binding affinity and the promoter activity.Conclusions: the results of this study are suggesting that the structure and function of BmPOUM2 G4 are mainly determined by the G-quartets, which maintain the framework of the structure and were targeted by BmLARK. Nevertheless, the loops, which are relatively variable in G4, may entitle the variability of the structure, especially the loop C, which is the one-nucleotide-loop.
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Anxiety and Depression in Breast Cancer Patients in Tunisia
Authors: KSONTINI Feryel letaief , Lajnef Ines , Zenzri Yosr , Gabsi Azza , Ayadi Mouna , Mezlini Amel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objective : The COVID-19 generated an unprecedented set of emotional challenges for cancer patients. We aimed to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients.Method: Between September and December 2020, women aged 18 years old or older with breast cancer (stage I to IV) who have started treatment before the onset of the pandemic were included. They must have an evaluation of anxiety and depression with the HAD scale before the onset of COVID-19. After inclusion, each patient was asked to complete the HAD scale to evaluate her mental health during the pandemic.Results: 100 patients were included. The mean age was 51 years. The prevalence of anxiety and depression before the COVID-19 pandemic were 63% and 43 % respectively. Under pandemic, the prevalence of anxiety was 77% : 25 women had mild anxiety, 29 moderate anxiety and 23 severe anxiety. For depression, the prevalence was 62% : 25 were experiencing mild anxiety, 20 moderate anxiety and 17 severe anxiety. The COVID 19 was significantly correlated with the increase of anxiety and depression rate ( p=0,027 and p=0,005) respectively. Other clinical factors were significantly associated with the increase of the anxiety and depression. In multivariate Analysis including the incidence of anxiety and depression during the pandemic and these factors, COVID-19 was an independent factor affecting the incidence of anxiety and depression (p<0.05, IC=95%).Conclusions: this study underlined the negative psychological impact of COVID-19 in breast cancer patient, showing the importance of the psychological support.
The effects of rapid mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and its Variants-of-Concern: Evidence from an early VoCs hotspot
Authors: paetzold joerg , Krammer Florian , von Laer Dorothee , winner Hannes , Kimpel Janine , Bates Katie , Hummer Michael 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We studied the real-life effect of an unprecedented rapid mass vaccination campaign. Following a large outbreak of B.1.351 and B.1.1.7/E484K in the district of Schwaz/Austria, 100,000 BNT162b2 doses were procured to mass vaccinate the entire adult population (16+) of the district between the 11th and 16th of March 2021. This made the district the first widely inoculated region in Europe. We examined the effect of this unique campaign on the number of infections including VoCs, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. We compared Schwaz with (i) a control group of highly similar districts, and (ii) with populations residing in municipalities along the border of Schwaz which were just excluded from the campaign. We find large and significant decreases for all outcomes after the campaign, including VoCs cases. The reduction relative to the control regions was largest for younger age cohorts, which were mostly non-vaccinated in the rest of the country due to the age-gradient in the national vaccination plan. Our results demonstrate that rapid population-wide mass vaccination can be an effective tool to curb overall infections as well as VoCs.
Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Inhibits Matastatic Potential by Down-Regulating CXCL12/CXCR4 Signaling Axis in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ma Jiachi , Liang Wanqing , Qiang Yaosheng , Li Lei , Du Jun , Pan Chengwu , Chen Bangling , Zhang Chensong , Chen Yuzhong , Wang Qingkang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the co-operative role of CXCR4/ CXCL12 axis and IL-1Ra in metastatic processes mechanism by interactions between colorectal cancer cells and stromal cells in their microenvironment. Methods: Expression of IL-1a, CXCL12 and CXCR4 mRNA and proteins were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot. The effect of secreted level of CXCL12 by IL-1Ra on fibroblasts was measured by ELISA. CXCL12 regulate metastatic potential of colorectal cancer was evaluated by proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis assays, respectively, in which invasion and angiogenesis assays used an in vitro system consisting of co-cultured colorectal cells and stromal cells. Results: IL-1a was expressed in high liver metastatic colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29 and WiDr). The colorectal cancer cell-derived IL-1a and rIL-1a significantly promoted CXCL12 expression by fibroblasts, and this enhancing effect can be significantly inhibited by IL-1Ra (P<0.01). CXCL12 not only enhanced the migration and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), but also significantly enhanced angiogenesis (P<0.01). Furthermore, the high liver-metastatic colorectal cancer cell line (HT-29), which secretes IL-1a, significantly enhanced angiogenesis compared to the low liver-metastatic cell line (CaCo-2), which does not produce IL-1a (P<0.01). On the contrary, IL-1Ra can significantly inhibit migration, proliferation and angiogenesis (P<0.01). Conclusion: Autocrine IL-1a and paracrine CXCL12 co-enhances the metastatic potential of colorectal cancer cells; IL-1Ra can inhibit the metastatic potential of colorectal cancer cells via decrease IL-1a/CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling pathways.
Diagnostic Utility of Cord Blood Serum Procalcitonin in Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis in Comparision to Sepsis Screening Parameters
Authors: MEENA CHIRANJI LAL , SHARMA RAMBABU , BAGRI DHAN RAJ , SINGH NEELAM 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Neonatal sepsis is an important cause of neonatal deaths globally. Diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is established based on microbiological tests of sepsis screen and clinical status. Mid phase markers of inflammation like CRP & Serum Procalcitonin are considered useful and sensitive for diagnosis. Most of the studies evaluating serum PCT as a diagnostic marker for neonatal septicemia have been carried out in peripheral venous blood with smaller sample sizes with inclusion of neonates without considering perinatal sepsis score. This hospital based, prospective study compares the diagnostic utility of cord blood Procalcitonin (PCT) with venous blood PCT; alone and as part of sepsis screening parameters currently in use in perinatal sepsis score positive neonates. Statistical analysis for cord blood Serum Procalcitonin (PCT) for detecting blood culture positive patients showed that PCT has a sensitivity of 44.4%, a high specificity of 86.4%, a low PPV of 33.3% and a high NPV of 91.1%. Overall diagnostic accuracy is 80.9%, indicating that cord blood PCT is a good test for identifying these patients (p < 0.05). However, venous blood PCT failed to demonstrate similar results. Conclusions- Umbilical blood sampling protects the neonates from pain of venipunctures. Cord blood PCT estimations have statistically significant correlation with blood culture and other sepsis screen parameters and better sensitivity and specificity than venous blood PCT. This early serological biomarker is valuable for the diagnostic armamentarium of neonatal septicemia for early diagnosis and management while awaiting blood culture reports and helps in reducing separation of probable sepsis neonates from mother, thus contributing in developmental supportive care.
Newly Developed Dual Topoisomerase Inhibitor P8-D6 is Highly Active in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Flörkemeier Inken , Steinhauer Tamara N. , Hedemann Nina , Ölander Magnus , Artursson Per , Clement Bernd , Bauerschlag Dirk O. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OvCa) constitutes a rare and highly aggressive malignancy and is one of the most lethal of all gynaecologic neoplasms. Due to chemotherapy resistance and treatment limitations because of side effects, OvCa is still not sufficiently treatable. Hence, new drugs for OvCa therapy such as P8-D6 with promising antitumour properties have a high clinical need. The benzo[c]phenanthridine P8-D6 is an effective inductor of apoptosis by acting as a dual topoisomerase I/II inhibitor. Methods: In the present study, the effectiveness of P8-D6 on OvCa was investigated in vitro. In various OvCa cell lines and ex vivo primary cells, the apoptosis induction compared to standard therapeutic agents was determined in 2D monolayers. Expanded by 3D and co-culture, the P8-D6 treated cells were examined for changes in cytotoxicity, apoptosis rate and membrane integrity via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Likewise, the effects of P8-D6 on non-cancer human ovarian surface epithelial cells and primary human hepatocytes were determined. Results: This study shows a significant P8-D6-induced increase in apoptosis and cytotoxicity in OvCa cells which surpasses the efficacy of standard therapeutic drugs. Non-cancer cells were affected only slightly by P8-D6. Moreover, no hepatotoxic effect in in vitro studies was detected.Conclusions: P8-D6 is a strong and rapid inductor of apoptosis and might be a novel treatment option for OvCa therapy.