bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial/ethnic and educational inequities in restrictive abortion policy variation and adverse birth outcomes in the United States
Authors: Redd Sara K. , Rice Whitney S. , Aswani Monica S. , Blake Sarah , Julian Zoë , Sen Bisakha , Wingate Martha , Hall Kelli Stidham 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
To examine racial/ethnic and educational inequities in the relationship between state-level restrictive abortion policies and adverse birth outcomes from 2005 to 2015 in the United States.

Methods
Using a state-level abortion restrictiveness index comprised of 18 restrictive abortion policies, we conducted a retrospective longitudinal analysis examining whether race/ethnicity and education level moderated the relationship between the restrictiveness index and individual-level probabilities of preterm birth (PTB) and low birthweight (LBW). Data were obtained from the 2005–2015 National Center for Health Statistics Period Linked Live Birth-Infant Death Files and analyzed with linear probability models adjusted for individual- and state-level characteristics and state and year fixed-effects.

Results
Among 2,250,000 live births, 269,253 (12.0%) were PTBs and 182,960 (8.1%) were LBW. On average, states had approximately seven restrictive abortion policies enacted from 2005 to 2015. Black individuals experienced increased probability of PTB with additional exposure to restrictive abortion policies compared to non-Black individuals. Similarly, those with less than a college degree experienced increased probability of LBW with additional exposure to restrictive abortion policies compared to college graduates. For all analyses, inequities worsened as state environments grew increasingly restrictive.

Conclusion
Findings demonstrate that Black individuals at all educational levels and those with fewer years of education disproportionately experienced adverse birth outcomes associated with restrictive abortion policies. Restrictive abortion policies may compound existing racial/ethnic, socioeconomic, and intersecting racial/ethnic and socioeconomic perinatal and infant health inequities.
Outcomes of Combined Peritoneal and Local Treatment for Patients with Peritoneal and Limited Liver Metastases of Colorectal Origin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Polderdijk Margot C. E. , Brouwer Max , Haverkamp Leonie , Ziesemer Kirsten A. , Tenhagen Mark , Boerma Djamila , Kok Niels F. M. , Versteeg Kathelijn S. , Sommeijer Dirkje W. , Tanis Pieter J. , Tuynman Jurriaan B. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Almost half of all colorectal cancer (CRC) patients will experience metastases at some point, and in the majority of cases, multiple organs will be involved. If the peritoneum is involved in addition to the liver, the current guideline-driven treatment options are limited. The reported overall survival ranges from 6 to 13 months for the current standard of care (systemic treatment). This study aimed to evaluate morbidity and clinical long-term outcomes from a combined local treatment of hepatic metastases with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) used to treat peritoneal metastases.

Methods
A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Embase.com, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Studies evaluating the clinicopathologic data of patients who had both peritoneal and hepatic metastases treated with CRS-HIPEC were included provided sufficient data on the primary outcomes (overall and disease-free survival) were presented. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies (MINORS).

Results
Patients treated for peritoneal and liver metastases (PMLM group) had a pooled mean survival of 26.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.4–30.4 months), with a 3-year survival rate of 34% (95% CI 26.7–42.0%) and a 5-year survival rate of 25% (95% CI 17.3–33.8%). Surgical complications occurred more frequently for these patients than for those with peritoneal metastasis only (40% vs 22%; p = 0.0014), but the mortality and reoperation rates did not differ significantly.

Conclusion
This systematic review showed that CRS and HIPEC combined with local treatment of limited liver metastasis for selected patients is feasible, although with increased morbidity and an association with a long-term survival rate of 25%, which is unlikely to be achievable with systemic treatment only.
Hypoxically cultured cells of oral squamous cell carcinoma increased their glucose metabolic activity under normoxic conditions
Authors: Shinohara Yuta , Washio Jumpei , Kobayashi Yuri , Abiko Yuki , Sasaki Keiichi , Takahashi Nobuhiro 
Published: October 2021

Objective
The oxygen concentration within cancer tissue is known to be low, but is expected to increase rapidly when oxygen is supplied by angiogenesis and hematogenous metastasis, suggesting that rapid increases in oxygen levels might influence cancer cell physiology. Therefore, we investigated the effects of oxygen concentration fluctuations on the glucose metabolism of cancer cells.

Methods
The glucose metabolism of oral squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-2 and HSC-3) and normal epithelial (HaCaT) cells cultured under normoxic (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (1% oxygen) conditions was measured using a pH-stat system under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. The acidic end-products and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by glucose metabolism were also measured.

Results
Under normoxic conditions, the metabolic activity of hypoxically cultured cancer cells was significantly increased, and the production of acids other than lactate was upregulated, while the normal cells did not respond to rapid increases in oxygen levels. ROS production was higher in normoxic conditions in all cells, especially the hypoxically cultured HSC-3 cells.

Conclusions
Rapid increases in oxygen levels might enhance the glucose metabolism of hypoxically cultured cancer cells by mainly activating the TCA cycle and electron transport system, which might activate cancer cells through the ATP and ROS generation.
Extended homogeneous balance conditions in the sub-equation method
Authors: Song Chenwei , Liu Yinping 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The sub-equation method is a kind of straightforward algebraic method to construct exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations. In this paper, the sub-equation method is improved by proposing some extended homogeneous balance conditions. By applying them to several examples, it can be seen that new solutions could indeed be obtained.
Primary intradural extramedullary extraosseous Ewing’s sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PIEES/PNET) of the thoracolumbar spine: A case report and literature review
Authors: Pu Feifei , Liu Jianxiang , Zhang Zhicai , Guo Tao , Shao Zengwu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We present a rare case of a primary intradural extramedullary Ewing’s sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PIEES/PNET) in the thoracolumbar spine and review the current literature. We describe the imaging manifestations, pathological features, surgical methods, and patient survival to shed light on the clinical management of this rare tumor. A 32-year-old man experienced progressive low back pain for more than 1 month. An intradural extramedullary tumor from T12 to L2 was detected on magnetic resonance imaging. He underwent a thoracolumbar laminotomy for decompression, complete excision of the intradural extramedullary tumor, and internal fixation with pedicle screws. A histopathological examination confirmed that the tumor was a PIEES/PNET via an immunohistochemical study of the surgically resected tissues. Postoperatively, the patient received chemotherapy and radiotherapy. No recurrence, metastasis, or failure of internal fixation were noted at a 17-month post-surgery radiographic examination. PIEES/PNET of the thoracolumbar spine is extremely rare. Treatment is difficult because the current literature is sparse and cases are rare. Complete resection combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy effectively reduces recurrence and metastasis.
Hotspots for textual dynamics: cultural semiotic approach to digital archives
Authors: Ojamaa Maarja , Ibrus Indrek 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDigital cultural archives and databases are promising an era of heritage democratization and an enhancement of the role of arts in everyday cultures. It is hoped that mass digitization initiatives in many corners of the world can facilitate the secure preservation of human cultural heritage, with easy access and diverse ways for creative reuse. Understanding the dialogic processes within these increasingly vast databases necessitates a dynamic conceptualization of data they contain. The paper argues that this can be found in Juri Lotman’s cultural semiotic notion of text and text’s functions in culture. It elaborates on the three key characteristics of text – expression, boundary, and structure – as manifested within the digital semiosphere. At the same time, the textual dialogues within digital archives are increasingly conditioned by metadata, which is hereby conceptualized as metalanguage inducing a modeling effect on archived texts and defining their possible sphere of dynamics. To balance the explanations of creative operations of digital archives, the paper also demonstrates their auto-communicative mechanisms for facilitating cultural continuities and stability.
“The toxic offspring of the viper’s seed”: Augustine’s 418 Encounter with Emeritus of Caesarea Mauretaniae
Authors: Dunn Geoffrey D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In 418 Augustine encountered Emeritus, one of his Donatist adversaries, in Caesarea Mauretaniae (modern Cherchell) in Mauretania Caesariensis. In the resultant work, Gesta cum Emerito, Augustine relived some of the arguments that had earlier been employed against the Donatist in 411, particularly by having Alypius read out passages of Aurelius’ 411 letter to Marcellinus, the imperial commissioner (Epistula 128). Not only does Augustine shape our understanding of the 418 encounter but continues to take control of how the 411 confrontation was to be remembered. This paper will examine how Gesta cum Emerito saw the Donatist weakness in 411 being based upon their inconsistencies in dealing with schismatics, especially their treatment of Maximianists at the 394 synod in Bagaï, where Emeritus himself had condemned Maximian as “the toxic offspring of the viper’s seed.” The encounter gave Augustine an opportunity to highlight the Maximianists to an extent greater than the records of 411 indicate had been the case then.
Wirtschaftliche Mensch-Roboter-Arbeitssystemgestaltung
Authors: Komenda Titanilla , Spitzhirn Michael , Spinner Caroline , Schlund Sebastian 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Im Rahmen der Planung von Arbeitssystemen mit Mensch-Roboter-Zusammenarbeit können digitale Planungswerkzeuge mit ihren Funktionen zur Visualisierung und parametrischen Simulation in Kombination mit ergonomischen Bewertungen der Arbeitsprozesse einen wesentlichen Mehrwert zur wirtschaftlichen Arbeitssystemgestaltung darstellen. Im Beitrag wird anhand einer digitalen Arbeitsplanung am Beispiel eines Platinenverpackprozesses gezeigt, wie sich Gestaltungsvarianten eines Mensch-Roboter-Arbeitssystems auf Produktivität, Wirtschaftlichkeit, Sicherheit und Ergonomie auswirken.
Automatisierte Erstellung von Virtual-Reality-Schulungen
Authors: Masuhr Christian , Geiger Andreas , Konkol Kathrin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Für den effizienten Einsatz von Automatisierungstechnik ist qualifiziertes Instandhaltungspersonal notwendig, um operative Störungen schnell zu beheben. Diese Schulungen finden heutzutage entweder an realen Anlagen, oder auch bereits in eigens für bestimmte Anwendungsfälle entwickelte VR-Anwendungen statt. Zur Minimierung des Aufwands zur Erzeug von VR-Trainingssimulationen können jedoch bereits existierende Modelle und Simulationen aus dem Prozess der virtuellen Inbetriebnahme genutzt. Die Grundlage für das Training sind eine digitale Simulation und Vernetzung von realer Anlagensteuerung, Robotersteuerung und HMI-Schnittstellen. Dadurch können die Kosten reduziert und die Anzahl von unterschiedlichen Trainingsumgebungen skaliert werden. Die Trainingssimulation wird durch weitere motivierende Elemente erweitert.
Percepción del E-Commerce Mediante el Uso de Dispositivos Móviles en el Mercado Maduro en la Ciudad de Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
Authors: Castillo de la Cruz Pamela Alejandra , Mandujano Contreras Juan Carlos 
Published: October 2021

En virtud de la evolución continua, manifestada en el uso e implementación de la tecnología, el proceso de adquisición de productos se ha convertido en una labor más simple para el consumidor, permitiéndole traspasar las barreras de la venta tradicional para disfrutar de una experiencia más cómoda y segura.
OBJETIVO: Analizar la percepción de las compras en línea y la frecuencia de uso de los dispositivos móviles por parte del mercado maduro (hombres y mujeres con edades que oscilan entre los 47 y los 64 años) en Villahermosa, Tabasco.
MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se efectuó una investigación de carácter descriptivo, con un enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental y un subdiseño transversal; no probabilística por conveniencia, basado en el muestreo por cadena o por redes.
RESULTADOS: El mercado maduro afirma utilizar de manera frecuente los dispositivos móviles para la adquisición de productos y/o servicios a través del comercio electrónico, demostrando que cuentan con un perfil relevante en la era de la tecnología.
CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados arrojados por la investigación sugieren que los adultos en su etapa madura representan a un sector del público que debe ser considerado para el desarrollo del comercio electrónico a través de los dispositivos móviles. Pese a que no figuran en la adquisición de productos a través de esta modalidad con la misma frecuencia que el mercado juvenil, estos se mantienen activos e interesados en los constantes avances tecnológicos y sus beneficios.
Nefrectomía laparoscópica en un hospital general
Authors: Zegarra Montes Luis , Olivera Gonzales Raúl , Medina Ninacondor Patricia , Melgarejo Zeballos Weymar , Medina Ninacondor Raúl , Loza Munarriz César , Sánchez Chipana Roberto , Sócola Kcomt María , Palomino Mestanza Julio , Melgarejo Anamaría Claudia , Orosco Muñico Carlos , Betalleluz Laurente Stephanie , Pari Bravo Marleni 
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: Describir los resultados de la nefrectomía laparoscópica en pacientes con riñones excluidos benignos, malignos y de donantes. Material y métodos: Estudio de serie de casos, retrospectivo, realizado en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia entre agosto del 2013 y mayo del 2019. Se incluyeron pacientes con riñones no funcionantes de cualquier etiología y riñón contralateral funcionante. Se excluyendo pacientes con pionefrosis severa. Se registraron sus características clínicas, demográficas, índice de masa corporal, etiología del riñón no funcionante, tasa de conversión, lateralidad, tiempo operatorio, histopatología de los riñones intervenidos, complicaciones, necesidad de transfusión, estancia hospitalaria y evolución de los pacientes intervenidos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 70 pacientes; en 39 (55,8%) se realizó nefrectomía laparoscópica simple por patología benigna, en 23 (32,8%) nefrectomía radical laparoscópica por cáncer y en 8 (11,4%) nefrectomía laparoscópica donante vivo. En 7 pacientes se tuvo que convertir a cirugía abierta. La media del tiempo operatorio fue 188,94 ± 33,41 min. Los resultados histopatológicos fueron pielonefritis crónica y carcinoma renal. No hubo variaciones clínicamente significativas en los niveles de hemoglobina, hematocrito, urea, creatinina. Las complicaciones según clasificación de Clavien: Grado I: 21(30%), II: 9(12,8%) y V: 1(1,4%). La media del tiempo de hospitalización fue 4,66 ± 2,97 días, con buena evolución postoperatoria en el 85,7% de los pacientes. Conclusión: La nefrectomía laparoscópica para riñones excluidos de patología benigna como maligna y de donantes de riñón, es una técnica mínimamente invasiva, reproducible, segura, efectiva y una alternativa a la cirugía abierta.
Involuntary Celibacy (Incel) Phenomenon, the Latest Generation of Terrorism?
Authors: Fahd Ryan Muhammad , Arief Akbar Mohammad 
Published: October 2021

Makalah ini berupaya mengkontekstualisasikan fenomena terorisme Involuntary Celibacy (Incel) atau selibasi tak sukarela dalam evolusi aksi terorisme. Pertanyaan yang akan dijawab oleh makalah ini adalah “apakah fenomena Incel merupakan salah satu keberlanjutan dari ideologi ekstremis yang termasuk ke dalam 4th Wave of Terrorism menurut Rapoport atau merupakan suatu bentuk ideologi ekstremis jenis baru? Untuk membahasnya makalah ini menggunakan kerangka analisis Four Wave of Terrorism dari David C. Rapoport. Makalah ini mengisyaratkan bahwa fenomena Incel merupakan fenomena mutakhir karena, secara ideologis fenomena ini memuat ideologi yang berbeda dari empat gelombang terorisme sebelumnya (anarkisme, anti-kolonial, kiri, dan religius). Incel juga merupakan satu-satunya ideologi teror yang tidak memiliki tujuan untuk menjatuhkan sebuah entitas besar seperti agama dan negara sejauh ini.Kata-kata Kunci: Involuntary Celibacy, Terorisme, Wave of Terrorism.This paper attempts to contextualize the Involuntary Celibacy or Incel phenomenon on a larger terrorism phenomenon. This paper seeks to answer “Whether Incel Phenomenon is a novel form of terrorism?” To answer the above-mentioned question, this paper utilizes David C. Rapoport Wave of Terrorism concept. This paper finds that Incel Phenomenon is a novel phenomenon because, ideologically, it bears no resemblance with the older wave of terrorism –anarchist, anti-colonial, left, and religious – and moreover, this paper also finds that Incel Phenomenon is the only form of terrorism which does not antagonize the state entity.Keywords: Involuntary Celibacy, Terrorism, Wave of Terrorism.
General and COVID-19-related mortality by pre-existing chronic conditions and care setting during 2020 in Emilia-Romagna region, Italy
Authors: Caranci Nicola , Girolamo Chiara Di , Bartolini Letizia , Fortuna Daniela , Berti Elena , Sforza Stefano , Rossi Paolo Giorgi , Moro Maria Luisa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
in the 2020, the number of deaths increased substantially in Italy, mainly because of the COVID-19 pandemic; mortality was among the highest in Europe, with a clear heterogeneity among regions and socio-demographic strata. The present work aims at quantifying excess mortality variability over time and in relation to demographic and pre-existent chronic conditions and care setting in Emilia-Romagna region, Italy.
Methods
registry-based study, comparing the 2020 observed mortality with the figures of the previous 5 years by age, sex, month, place of death, and pre-existing chronic conditions and including 300 094 deaths referred to 18+ aged people resident in Emilia-Romagna region (Northern Italy).
Results
excess deaths were higher during the first pandemic wave, particularly among man in March. Age-adjusted risk was similar among both men and women (Mortality Rate Ratio 1.15; IC95% 1.14-1.16). The risk of dying was sensibly higher among females aged 75+ years, in Long-term Care Facilities and at home. Excluding COVID-19 related deaths, differences in the risk of dying estimates tended to disappear. Metabolic and neuropsychiatric diseases were more prevalent among those deceased in 2020 compared to the deaths occurred in 2015-19.
Conclusions
no particular differences of risk by sex and age were found, despite the heterogeneity of the effect in relation to the sub-periods. Metabolic and neuropsychiatric diseases have been confirmed as elements of increased frailty, such as being in Long-term Care Facilities or private home as place of death. Understanding the impact of the pandemic on overall mortality is relevant in a changing scenario.
Dimensions and Forms of Artefacts in 1.5T and 3T MRI Caused by Cochlear Implants
Authors: Gottfried Timo Maria , Dejaco Daniel , Fischer Natalie , Innerhofer Veronika , Chacko Lejo , Widmann Gerlig , Kremser Christian , Riechelmann Herbert , Schmutzhard Joachim 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Introduction:Cochlear implantation is a standard treatment option due to expanding indicationsCranial magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) has become a widespread diagnostic tool. Therefore, an increased number of cochlear implant (CI) users are undergoing cMRI scans.This study aimed to investigate the issue of the CI magnet impacting MRI quality and artifacts.Material and Methods:1.5T and 3T MRI scans with 4 defined sequences (T2-TSE, T2-TIRM, T1-3D-MPRAGE, and TDI) were performed on a phantom with a CI (Synchrony® System by MEDEL Austria®) in place. The resulting MRI artifacts were retrospectively compared to MRI artifacts observed in patients with a CI. All images were transferred to Amira® and visualized by manual segmentation.Results:Usable image quality was achieved in three sequences(T2-TSE, T2-TIRM and T1-mprage). Observed artifacts differed in shape and size depending on the sequence. Maximum diameters of fully extinguished areas ranged from 58x108x98 mm to 127x123x153 mm. Image distortions were larger.Conclusion:MRI artifacts caused by the Synchrony® system are asymmetric with varying shape, depending on the sequence. The phantom artefacts are similar to those in CI users. Considering the observed asymmetry, the hypothesis of varying implantation locations resulting in varying positions of the signal void area needs to be further investigated.
Non-Contrast Myocardial Perfusion in Rest and Exercise Stress Using Systolic Flow-Sensitive Alternating Inversion Recovery
Authors: Henningsson Markus , Carlhäll Carl-Johan , Ebbers Tino , Kihlberg Johan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate systolic flow-sensitive alternating inversion recovery (FAIR) during rest and exercise stress using 2RR (two cardiac cycles) or 1RR intervals between inversion pulse and imaging. Materials and Methods: 1RR and 2RR FAIR was implemented on a 3T scanner. Ten healthy subjects were scanned during rest and stress. Stress was performed using an in-bore ergometer. Heart rate, mean myocardial blood flow (MBF) and temporal signal-to-noise ratio (TSNR) were compared using paired t-tests. Results: Mean heart rate during stress was higher than rest for 1RR FAIR (85.8±13.7bpm vs 63.3±11.1bpm; p<0.01) and 2RR FAIR (83.8±14.2bpm vs 63.1±10.6bpm; p<0.01). Mean stress MBF was higher than rest for 1RR FAIR (2.97±0.76ml/g/min vs 1.43±0.6 ml/g/min; p<0.01) and 2RR FAIR (2.8±0.96 ml/g/min vs 1.22±0.59 ml/g/min; p<0.01). Resting mean MBF was higher for 1RR FAIR than 2RR FAIR (p<0.05), but not during stress. TSNR was lower for stress compared to rest for 1RR FAIR (4.52±2.54 vs 10.12±3.69; p<0.01) and 2RR FAIR (7.36±3.78 vs 12.41±5.12; p<0.01). 2RR FAIR TSNR was higher than 1RR FAIR for rest (p<0.05) and stress (p<0.001). Discussion: We have demonstrated feasibility of systolic FAIR in rest and exercise stress. 2RR delay systolic FAIR enables non-contrast perfusion assessment during stress with relatively high TSNR.