bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between grain size and electrical properties of high‐temperature lead‐free 0.70BiFeO3‐0.30BaTiO3 ceramics
Authors: Guo Jian , Cheng Hongwei , Tong Binbin , Lin Jianyin , Liu Hongbo , Cheng Jinrong , Chen Jianguo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract0.70BiFeO3‐0.30BaTiO3 (0.70BF‐0.30BT) ceramics have been widely concerned because of their potential applications for high‐temperature piezoelectric devices. In this work, a series of dense 0.70BF‐0.30BT ceramics with average grain size variation from 0.55 to 6.0 μm were prepared. XRD results indicate that 0.70BF‐0.30BT ceramics show the coexistence of rhombohedral and pseudo‐cubic phases and the volume fraction of the rhombohedral phase increase with the grain size. The dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties increase with the grain size initially from 0.55 to 5.0 μm and then decrease slightly. Values of d33, Pr, and εr, of 0.70BF‐0.30BT ceramics with the grain size of 5.0 μm are 185 pC/N, 21.2 μC/cm2, and 638, respectively, about five times higher than those ceramics with fine‐grain of 0.55 μm. Of particular importance is that 0.70BF‐0.30BT ceramics with large grain sizes possess better piezoelectric thermal stability due to the much stabler poled domain state with the rising temperature. The detailed structural studies indicate that the enhanced electric properties are owing to the significantly improved domain motion and the increased lattice distortion. This clarifying the relationship between electrical properties and grain size offers a novel way of improving the performances of piezoceramics.
Mangrove distribution and diversity during three Cenozoic thermal maxima in the Northern Hemisphere (pollen records from the Arctic–North Atlantic–Mediterranean regions)
Authors: Popescu Speranta‐Maria , Suc Jean‐Pierre , Fauquette Séverine , Bessedik Mostefa , Jiménez‐Moreno Gonzalo , Robin Cécile , Labrousse Loïc 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimPast pollen records reveal the changes in latitudinal distribution of plants in relation to climate, particularly their expansion in response to global warming. The maximum northward expansion of the mangrove genus Avicennia since the Early Eocene is known, but this information is missing for other mangrove taxa. Here, we evaluate the diversity of past mangroves with respect to latitude during three Cenozoic thermal maxima (PETM: 56 Ma; EECO: 54–49 Ma; MMCO: 17–14 Ma).LocationNorth Atlantic, Mediterranean.TaxaAvicennia, other mangrove taxa (Rhizophoraceae, Nypa, Xylocarpus, Pelliciera, etc.).MethodWe collected well‐dated marine sediments along a Northern Hemisphere latitudinal transect and we analysed their pollen content in order to compare the past distribution of mangrove taxa with the present. The analysis of 89 samples (PETM: 13; EECO: 31; MMCO: 45) was performed and interpreted using a robust botanical background for identification of pollen grains and their representativeness in marine sediments.ResultsDuring the Early Eocene, two palaeolatitudinal thresholds at 65–70°N and 35°N, respectively, delimited the Avicennia‐only mangrove from a diversified but scrawny mangrove and finally from a diversified and well‐developed mangrove. The Avicennia threshold was selective at 40°N during the Mid‐Miocene. The Avicennia range limit was up to 10–15° poleward of the limit for other mangrove taxa during the Early Eocene and the Mid‐Miocene compared with 9° at present.Main conclusionsA buffer zone characterised by a diversified but scrawny mangrove co‐occurring with a few megathermal plants occurred in the Early Eocene between 35°N and 65–70°N. This finding questions the relative influence of a more ‘equable’ climate and/or the ability of some taxa to expand towards areas with cooler conditions in the past. Mangrove provincialism, which was established progressively after the Early Eocene, was probably forced by plate tectonics. The taxonomic impoverishment of the Atlantic East Pacific province was probably caused by successive periods of global cooling. These results support the Tethyan origin of the mangroves.
Pacing site‐ and rate‐dependent shortening of retrograde conduction time over the slow pathway after atrial entrainment of fast‐slow atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia
Authors: Kaneko Yoshiaki , Nakajima Tadashi , Tamura Shuntaro , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Kobari Takashi , Ishii Hideki 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe tested our hypothesis that atrial entrainment pacing (EP) of a) the common‐type (com‐) fast‐slow (F/S‐) atypical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) using a typical slow pathway (SP), or b) the superior‐type (sup‐) F/S‐AVNRT using a superior SP, both modify the retrograde conduction time across the SP immediately after termination of EP (retro‐SP‐time).MethodsWe measured the difference in the His‐atrial interval (HA difference) immediately after cessation of EP, performed at 2 ± 2 rates from the high right atrium (HA[1]‐HRA) versus from the proximal coronary sinus (HA[1]‐CS) in 17 patients with com‐F/S‐AVNRT and 11 patients with sup‐F/S‐AVNRT. We also measured the atrial‐His and HA intervals of the first and second cycles immediately after cessation of EP and during stable tachycardia.ResultsUnequal responses, defined as a ≥ 20‐ms HA difference at ≥1 EP rates, were observed in 16 patients (57%), including 7 with com‐ and 9 with sup‐F/S‐AVNRT. Irrespective of the EP rate, all unequal responses of com‐F/S‐AVNRT were due to a shorter HA[1]‐CS than HA[1]‐HRA, with a mean 34 ± 11 ms HA difference, whereas all unequal responses of sup‐F/S‐AVNRT were due to a longer HA[1]‐CS than HA[1]‐HRA, with a mean 49 ± 25 ms HA difference. The unequal responses resolved within two cycles after the cessation of EP.ConclusionsWe have identified a little‐known pacing site‐ and pacing rate‐dependent shortening of the retro‐SP‐time.
Quantifying key parameters related to the life cycle of Caligus rogercresseyi
Authors: Jeong Jaewoon , McEwan Gregor F. , Arriagada Gabriel , Gallardo‐Escárate Cristian , Revie Crawford W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe salmon louse Caligus rogercresseyi (Boxshall and Bravo 2000) is a common ectoparasite of farmed salmonids in Chile. Sea lice can negatively impact the growth of hosts, adversely affecting aquaculture productivity. Unlike Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1838), whose life cycle parameters have been well studied due to its importance in the Northern Hemisphere, for C. rogercresseyi no single source exists that quantifies the parameters required to model this ectoparasite's life cycle. Given that different species of sea lice have substantially different biological characteristics, it is important to parameterize the life cycle of C. rogercresseyi using appropriate observational data, rather than simply trying to adapt parameters developed for L. salmonis. Using data from existing literature, we quantified the development and survival rates for each stage in the C. rogercresseyi life cycle. We illustrate how development rates are affected by water temperature and explore the important impacts of salinity on rates of survival. We present equations that can be used to model development periods and survival proportions given certain water temperature and salinity profiles. While key parameters to quantitatively model the life cycle of C. rogercresseyi are presented, further research is required to adequately model the complete population dynamics of this ectoparasite on Chilean salmon farms and consequently to support decision‐making to achieve effective control and mitigation.
Apple target recognition method in complex environment based on improved YOLOv4
Authors: Ji Wei , Gao Xiaoxiao , Xu Bo , Pan Yu , Zhang Zhuo , Zhao Dean 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn order to solve the problem of accurate recognition of apples in complex environments, this article proposes an apple recognition method based on improved YOLOv4, which can accurately locate and recognize apples in a variety of complex environments. This method uses the lightweight EfficientNet‐B0 network as the feature extraction network for apple recognition and then combines with the PANet (Path Aggregation Network) network to fuse the features in the adjacent feature layers, which improves the recognition accuracy of fruit targets. In the experiment, the apples under bagging, nonbagging and night environment are identified. The results of the experiment show that the average precision of the improved YOLOv4 method is 93.42%, the recall rate is 87.64%, and the F1 value is 0.9035, which is about 2% lower than that of the original YOLOv4. However, the storage memory required for the model trained on the improved YOLOv4 is decreased by 87.8% compared with the original YOLOv4, which is only 29.8 MB, and the recognition speed is increased by 43%, reaching 63.20 frames per second. The recognition accuracy and speed are much higher than that of the two‐stage Faster‐RCNN. The recognition accuracy is equivalent to that of Mobilenetv3‐YOLOv4, but the model of our method is smaller and the recognition speed is faster.Practical ApplicationsAchieving rapid and accurate recognition of apples in complex environments is one of the key technologies for automatic fruit picking by picking robots, and it is also an important method and means for realizing orchard yield estimation. In order to recognize apples in the orchard environment more quickly and effectively, a light‐weight YOLOv4 target recognition method based on deep learning is proposed. The method proposed in this article can significantly reduce the storage space and computing power requirements of the device. On the basis of maintaining high accuracy, it can achieve real‐time and accurate recognition of apples in complex environments, and has great application value and practical significance for picking robot.
A feature dimensionality reduction strategy coupled with an electronic nose to identify the quality of egg
Authors: Hua Zhijie , Yu Yang , Zhao Chenran , Zong Jinwei , Shi Yan , Men Hong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this study, a feature dimensionality reduction strategy is proposed to reduce the feature dimensionality of the electronic nose (e‐nose) sensor, combined with support vector machine (SVM) to distinguish the gas information of eggs produced by chickens with different breeding methods. First, to characterize the overall properties of the original detection signal, five different time domain features are extracted from each sensor. Second, max‐relevance and min‐redundancy (MRMR) is introduced to obtain a preliminary optimal feature set. Finally, kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is introduced to further eliminate the correlation between features and obtain the optimal feature set. The result shows that the optimal feature set is obtained by MRMR–KPCA, and good classification accuracy is obtained based on SVM. In conclusion, the feature dimensionality reduction strategy effectively reduces the feature dimensionality of the e‐nose sensor, eliminates the correlation between features, realizes the nondestructive detection for the quality of egg, and provides an effective technical method for the market quality supervision of egg.Practical applicationsIn different breeding conditions, the nutritional value of eggs produced by chickens is different. To get more benefit, some inferior eggs are brought into the market instead of those with a higher nutritional value. Therefore, it is very important to use the nondestructive detection technology to quickly identify the quality of egg. In this work, e‐nose is used to obtain the gas information of eggs produced by chickens with different breeding methods. A feature dimensionality reduction strategy is proposed to process the e‐nose data, which realizes the effective identification of gas information of eggs. Moreover, it provides an effective detection method for the quality monitoring of the egg market.
A systematic review of long‐term care facility characteristics associated with COVID‐19 outcomes
Authors: Konetzka R. Tamara , White Elizabeth M. , Pralea Alexander , Grabowski David C. , Mor Vincent 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has taken a disproportionate toll on long‐term care facility residents and staff. Our objective was to review the empirical evidence on facility characteristics associated with COVID‐19 cases and deaths.DesignSystematic review.SettingLong‐term care facilities (nursing homes and assisted living communities).ParticipantsThirty‐six empirical studies of factors associated with COVID‐19 cases and deaths in long‐term care facilities published between January 1, 2020 and June 15, 2021.MeasurementsOutcomes included the probability of at least one case or death (or other defined threshold); numbers of cases and deaths, measured variably.ResultsLarger, more rigorous studies were fairly consistent in their assessment of risk factors for COVID‐19 outcomes in long‐term care facilities. Larger bed size and location in an area with high COVID‐19 prevalence were the strongest and most consistent predictors of facilities having more COVID‐19 cases and deaths. Outcomes varied by facility racial composition, differences that were partially explained by facility size and community COVID‐19 prevalence. More staff members were associated with a higher probability of any outbreak; however, in facilities with known cases, higher staffing was associated with fewer deaths. Other characteristics, such as Nursing Home Compare 5‐star ratings, ownership, and prior infection control citations, did not have consistent associations with COVID‐19 outcomes.ConclusionGiven the importance of community COVID‐19 prevalence and facility size, studies that failed to control for these factors were likely confounded. Better control of community COVID‐19 spread would have been critical for mitigating much of the morbidity and mortality long‐term care residents and staff experienced during the pandemic. Traditional quality measures such as Nursing Home Compare 5‐Star ratings and past deficiencies were not consistent indicators of pandemic preparedness, likely because COVID‐19 presented a novel problem requiring extensive adaptation by both long‐term care providers and policymakers.
The impact of COVD‐19 on North American dermatology practices
Authors: Zarbafian Misha , Guo Danny , Dover Jeffrey , Humphrey Shannon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 continues to affect the delivery of healthcare services, as practices across North America gradually re‐open with new safety measures and practice guidelines. Specifically in dermatology, clinical care is delivered in close physician‐patient proximity through physical examination and the use of additional diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. We designed a 10‐question survey to better understand how COVID‐19 has impacted the delivery of care in North American dermatology practices. Survey questions explored themes including changes in patient volumes, the use of virtual visits/teledermatology, the frequency of aesthetic and surgical procedures, and other related topics. We invited 102 board‐certified dermatologists working in a variety of medical, aesthetic, surgical, and mixed practices, to participate in our survey hosted through Qualtrics XM. These dermatologists were selected based on their geographic location and our ability to access their contact information. Each dermatologist received an individualized e‐mail and survey link; however, all survey responses were anonymized. In 2.5 weeks after survey invitations were sent, the survey was viewed and completed by 71 and 54 dermatologists, respectively. The second wave of e‐mails was sent to the remaining 48 dermatologists who had not yet completed the survey, after which 15 participants both viewed and completed the survey. In total, 69 responses were recorded with an overall response rate of 67.6%. We report decreased patient volume capacity, fewer aesthetic and surgical procedures, and an increase in the use of virtual medicine among board‐certified North American dermatologists. However, this represents a reflection on perspectives at a single time point in a rapidly evolving situation. Understanding the full scope of the impact that COVID‐19 continues to have on dermatologic care is paramount to effectively serve our patients.
Regional personality assessment through social media language
Authors: Giorgi Salvatore , Nguyen Khoa Le , Eichstaedt Johannes C. , Kern Margaret L. , Yaden David. B. , Kosinski Michal , Seligman Martin E. P. , Ungar Lyle H. , Schwartz H. Andrew , Park Gregory 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveWe explore the personality of counties as assessed through linguistic patterns on social media. Such studies were previously limited by the cost and feasibility of large‐scale surveys; however, language‐based computational models applied to large social media datasets now allow for large‐scale personality assessment.MethodWe applied a language‐based assessment of the five factor model of personality to 6,064,267 U.S. Twitter users. We aggregated the Twitter‐based personality scores to 2,041 counties and compared to political, economic, social, and health outcomes measured through surveys and by government agencies.ResultsThere was significant personality variation across counties. Openness to experience was higher on the coasts, conscientiousness was uniformly spread, extraversion was higher in southern states, agreeableness was higher in western states, and emotional stability was highest in the south. Across 13 outcomes, language‐based personality estimates replicated patterns that have been observed in individual‐level and geographic studies. This includes higher Republican vote share in less agreeable counties and increased life satisfaction in more conscientious counties.ConclusionsResults suggest that regions vary in their personality and that these differences can be studied through computational linguistic analysis of social media. Furthermore, these methods may be used to explore other psychological constructs across geographies.
Textural properties and muscle activities during mastication of normal and ultrasonically softened sticky rice aimed for consumers with swallowing disorder: A pilot study
Authors: Wattanapan Pattra , Saengnil Thanathat , Niamnuy Chalida , Paphangkorakit Jarin , Devahastin Sakamon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractUltrasonication was used to develop softer sticky rice for elder adults. Textural properties of original sticky rice (oSR) and ultrasonically modified sticky rice (mSR) were determined. In addition, jaw muscle activities during mastication of both oSR and mSR were investigated. Twenty‐seven healthy elderly subjects, age 68.9 ± 7.6 years, were asked to masticate both types of sticky rice in random sequence for three times with a 5‐min rest between each test. Activities of bilateral masseter and suprahyoid muscles were recorded. Root mean square (RMS) and mastication duration were analyzed. After mastication trials, subjects were asked to rate preference and softness of the samples. mSR exhibited significantly lower hardness than oSR, while cohesiveness and adhesiveness values of the two samples were not significantly different. Interestingly, all the muscle activities were not significantly different between masticating oSR and mSR, whereas the number of chewing cycles while chewing the mSR was larger. However, 92% of the subjects preferred mSR and felt that it was softer. mSR may therefore be regarded as having potential for elder people who have difficulty masticating hard solid foods based on its lower hardness and higher level of preference compared to oSR.
The effectiveness of different model statement variants for eliciting information and cues to deceit
Authors: Leal Sharon , Vrij Aldert , Hudson Charlotte , Capuozzo Pasquale , Deeb Haneen 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundAccording to previous research, the use of a model statement results in both truth tellers and lie tellers reporting a similar amount of extra information than the instruction to be detailed. We examined (1) whether level of engagement with attending to the model statement affects the veracity findings and (2) whether valuable details is a diagnostic veracity indicator.MethodWe created four model statement variants, two had lower levels of engagement and two had higher levels of engagement with attending to the model statement content. Participants were allocated to one of these four conditions or to the no model statement control condition.ResultsParticipants in one of the higher engagement conditions recalled the model statement content significantly better than participants in one of the lower engagement conditions. The audio model statement and the face‐to‐face model statement resulted in more information than the no model statement control condition. In none of the model statement conditions did total details emerge as a veracity indicator; valuable details did not yield the expected effect either.ConclusionA model statement serves as an eliciting information tool and the amount of additional information is similar among truth tellers and lie tellers.
Low calcification rate, structural complexity, and calcium carbonate production of Pocillopora corals in a biosphere reserve of the central Mexican Pacific
Authors: González‐Pabón María A. , Tortolero‐Langarica J. J. Adolfo , Calderon‐Aguilera Luis E. , Solana‐Arellano Elena , Rodríguez‐Troncoso Alma Paola , Cupul‐Magaña Amilcar L. , Cabral‐Tena Rafael A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe capacity of coral reefs to provide ecosystem services is widely recognized, but this ability depends on continued carbonate production within the coral community. The Islas Marías archipelago (21° 29.5′ N–106° 15′ W) is subject to minimal anthropic pressures. This archipelago serves as a model to study the influence of environmental variables [e.g., sea surface temperature (SST), upwelling periods, El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, and pH] on the structure of the coral community. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth parameters, ecological volume, and CaCO3 production of Pocillopora corals, which comprise the dominant genus in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP). During an annual period (2016–2017), 10 colonies were stained with alizarin red and height, major diameter, and minor diameter measurements were recorded. Live coral cover, the annual extension rate (cm/year), skeletal density (g/cm3), the calcification rate (g/cm2 year−1), ecological volume (cm−3), and carbonate production (kg m−2 year−1) were also calculated. The average extension rate (± SD), skeletal density, and the calcification rate were 1.86 ± 0.31 cm/year, 2.28 ± 0.34 g CaCO3 cm−3, and 4.34 ± 1.28 g CaCO3 cm−2 year−1, respectively. The average live coral coverage was 3.19 ± 3.17%, and the relative cover of Pocillopora corals was 65%. Ecological volume increased 140.6 ± 84.28% with respect to the initial volume, and the average production of CaCO3 was 0.46 ± 0.41 kg CaCO3 m−2 year−1. This study shows evidence of low growth rates, low generation of three‐dimensionality, and low CaCO3 production in the study area when compared to other sites in the ETP. These results are relevant because they indicate compromised long‐term maintenance and reef development in Islas Marías, which may result in low reef functionality and compromise the stability of reef‐associated biodiversity and ecosystem services.