bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of risk factors for intraoperative hypothermia during pediatric burn surgery
Authors: Hu Yaoqin , Tian Yangfan , Zhang Manqing , Zhao Jialian , Shu Qiang 
Published: February 2021

BackgroundIntraoperative hypothermia (core temperature <36.0°C) is common during the perioperative period and can result in adverse consequences, especially in children. We aimed to determine the incidence of intraoperative hypothermia and its risk factors in pediatric patients during burn surgery.MethodsIn the present study we enrolled 197 pediatric patients with burn injury undergoing surgical debridement and skin grafting. Factors, such as total burn surface area (TBSA), were collected and analyzed to identify the potential risk factors for intraoperative hypothermia.ResultsThe incidence of intraoperative hypothermia among all patients was 17.8%. Compared with patients with normothermia, children with hypothermia were associated with larger TBSA (25% vs 15%, p<0.001) and with less intraoperative active warming (34.28% vs 54.93%, p<0.05). In addition, compared with patients with moderate-degree burn, patients with severe and extremely severe burn were associated with much higher risk of intraoperative hypothermia [severe: odds ratio (OR)=3.805, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.396-10.368, p=0.009; extremely severe: OR=6.933, 95% CI=2.604-18.462, p<0.001]. TBSA was the only independent risk factor that emerged as being strongly associated with intraoperative hypothermia (OR=1.068, p=0.001) and could be used to predict the occurrence of hypothermia when combined with other factors. TBSA for predicting intraoperative hypothermia by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed a good predictive ability with an area under the ROC curve of 0.758.ConclusionTBSA is an important risk factor for intraoperative hypothermia in pediatric patients with burn.
Evaluation of the MP Rapid 2019-NCOV IgM/IgG combo POCT test vs. an established platform-based method
Authors: Jassam N , Barth JH , Allgar V , Glover S , Stevenson F , Lauber N , Houghton V , Hanif Z , Child J , Clark B 
Published: February 2021

Background Accurate and rapid testing for SARS-COV-2 antibodies could improve the diagnosis and management of COVID-19. In this study, we aim to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a commercially available point-of-care lateral flow kit independently and in comparison to an established platform-based system. Method Samples from 144 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and 130 pre-pandemic negative controls were tested in parallel by MP Rapid 2019-NCOV IgM/IgG Combo test and Roche Elecsys. Comparison of results based on serum and capillary blood testing was undertaken. Results Sensitivity at day 15 onwards was 100% for both methods. Between days 1 and 7 post admission, the IgM/IgG Combo test and Roche Elecsys shown sensitivity of 74% (95% CI: 62%-85%) vs. 67% (95% CI: 55%–79%, P =  0.3947). Combo test specificities were 100% for IgG, 98.5% for IgM vs. Roche Elecsys specificity of 100%. Concordance analysis showed 98.5% agreement to the Roche Elecsys method (Cohen’s Kappa 0.96 95% CI [0.92–0.99]). Capillary blood results showed complete agreement with serum samples using the Combo test. Conclusion In comparison to Roche Elecsys, our data show that the MP Rapid 2019-NCOV IgM/IgG Combo test provides a high-confidence assay system for the detection of previous exposure to SARS-COV-2 infection with advantage of affording near-patient testing.
The Journal of Orthodontics: A cross-sectional survey of British Orthodontic Society members
Authors: Jennings Rosalind , Seehra Jadbinder , Cobourne Martyn T 
Published: February 2021

Objective: To survey the opinion of British Orthodontic Society members on the Journal of Orthodontics. Design: Data collection involved an anonymous cross-sectional online SurveyMonkey™ questionnaire. Methods: An email invitation to complete the survey was sent to the 1842 members of the British Orthodontic Society on 9 June 2020 with a follow-up reminder on 15 July 2020. The invitation contained a brief description and online link to the questionnaire, which was active between 9 June and 9 August 2020. The 15-item questionnaire covered frequency of reading, preferred format, likes and dislikes, and what changes might improve the Journal. Data were analysed for the membership as a whole using simple descriptive statistics. Results: In total, 310 individuals completed the questionnaire, representing a response rate of 17% with 74.2% (n = 230) reporting reading at least one article per issue. The most popular way of reading the Journal (77.4%, n = 240) was through the distributed print copy. Overall, 63.6% (n=197) rated the Journal as excellent and 35.2% (n = 109) as satisfactory, with only 1.3% (n = 4) responding that it was poor. The scientific and clinical articles were the most popular aspect of the Journal and 90.3% (n = 280) of respondents felt the Journal content was relevant to their current clinical practice. Respondents were also given the opportunity to make additional free-text comments; and themes that emerged included a wish for more clinical content, more online interaction with authors through webinars and continued professional development. Conclusion: The Journal of Orthodontics is perceived as being relevant to current clinical practice by members of the British Orthodontic Society and has high-level satisfaction. There is a desire for more online interaction with the membership as part of its role within the society. However, the overall response rate was low and therefore a high risk of potential bias associated with this survey.
Sting Negatively Regulates Allogeneic T-Cell Responses By Constraining Antigen-Presenting Cell Function
Authors: Wu Yongxia , Tang Chih-Hang Anthony , Mealer Corey , Bastian David , Sofi Mohammed Hanief , Tian Linlu , Schutt Steven Douglas , Choi Hee-Jin , Ticer Taylor , Zhang Mengmeng , Huang Lei , Mellor Andrew L. , Hu Chih-Chi Andrew , Yu Xue-Zhong 
Published: February 2021

The endoplasmic-reticulum-resident protein STING (Stimulator of IFN genes) is a downstream signaling effector of cytosolic DNA sensor cGAS (cyclic GMP-AMP synthase). STING-mediated innate immune activation plays a key role in tumor- and self-DNA elicited anti-tumor immunity and autoimmunity, respectively, yet the mechanism remains largely unclear. We utilized murine models of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) to study the biology of STING in antigen-presetting cells (APCs) and T cells. STING expression in donor T cells was dispensable for their ability to induce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a major complication of allo-HCT in the clinic. However, when STING-deficient mice were used as recipients, more severe disease was induced after allo-HCT. Using bone marrow (BM) chimeras where STING was absent in different compartments, we found that STING-deficiency on host hematopoietic cells (Fig. A), but not on non-hematopoietic cells, was primarily responsible for exacerbating the disease. Furthermore, STING expression on host CD11c+ cells played a dominant role in the regulation of allogeneic T-cell responses (Fig. B). Mechanistically, STING deficiency resulted in increased survival, activation and function of irradiated APCs, including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs, fig. C-D). To further determine the role of STING in APCs, we generated a STING V154M knock-in mouse model, in which V154M mutation in TMEM173 causes constitutive activation of STING. Consistently, constitutive activation of STING attenuated the survival, activation and function of APCs isolated from STING V154M knock-in mice. In addition, STING-deficient APCs augmented donor T-cell expansion, chemokine receptor expression and migration into intestinal tissues (Fig. E), resulting in accelerated/exacerbated disease. Using pharmacologic approaches, we demonstrate that systemic administration of a STING agonist (c-di-GMP) to recipient mice before transplantation significantly reduced GVHD mortality (Fig. F). In conclusion, we report an inhibitory role of STING in regulating survival and T-cell priming function of hematopoietic APCs, especially CD11c+ cells, after allo-HCT. We validate that pharmacological activation of STING may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy to constrain APCs and induce immune tolerance.
Figure

Disclosures
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Innovative seismic imaging of volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, Neves-Corvo, Portugal — Part 1: In-mine array
Authors: Brodic Bojan , Malehmir Alireza , Pacheco Nelson , Juhlin Christopher , Carvalho Joao , Dynesius Lars , van den Berg Jens , de Kunder Richard , Donoso George , Sjölund Tord , Araujo Vitor 
Published: February 2021

To evaluate and upscale the feasibility of using exploration tunnels in an operating mine for active-source seismic imaging, a seismic experiment was conducted at the Neves-Corvo mine, in southern Portugal. Four seismic profiles were deployed in exploration drifts approximately 650 m beneath the ground surface, above the world-class Lombador volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit. In addition to the tunnel profiles, two perpendicular surface seismic profiles were deployed above the exploration tunnels. The survey was possible due to a newly developed prototype global positioning system (GPS) time transmitter enabling accurate GPS synchronization of cabled and nodal seismic recorders, below and on the surface. Another innovative acquisition aspect was a 1.65 t broadband, linear synchronous motor (LSM) driven — electric seismic vibrator (e-vib) used as the seismic source along two of the exploration tunnels. We have evaluated the challenges and innovations necessary for active-source tunnel seismic acquisition, characterized by high levels of vibrational noise from the mining activities. In addition, we evaluated the LSM vibrator’s signal and overall seismic-data quality in this hard rock mining environment. Our processing results from the tunnel data and 3D reflection imaging of the Lombador deposit below the exploration tunnels were checked for consistency through constant-velocity 3D ray-tracing traveltime forward modeling. For imaging purposes, 3D Kirchhoff prestack depth and poststack time-migration algorithms were used, with both successfully imaging the targeted deposit. The results obtained show that active-source-seismic imaging using subsurface mining infrastructure of operational mines is possible. However, it requires innovative exploration strategies, a broadband seismic source, an accurate GPS-time system capable of transmitting GPS-time hundreds of meters below the surface, and careful processing. The results obtained open up possibilities for similar studies in different mining or tunneling projects.
Deiodinases and Cancer
Authors: Nappi Annarita , De Stefano Maria Angela , Dentice Monica , Salvatore Domenico 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hormones are key drivers of cancer development, and alteration of the intratumoral concentration of thyroid hormone (TH) is a common feature of many human neoplasias. Besides the systemic control of TH levels, the expression and activity of deiodinases constitute a major mechanism for the cell-autonomous, prereceptoral control of TH action. The action of deiodinases ensures tight control of TH availability at intracellular level in a time- and tissue-specific manner, and alterations in deiodinase expression are frequent in tumors. Research over the past decades has shown that in cancer cells, a complex and dynamic expression of deiodinases is orchestrated by a network of growth factors, oncogenic proteins, and miRNA. It has become increasingly evident that this fine regulation exposes cancer cells to a dynamic concentration of TH that is functional to stimulate or inhibit various cellular functions. This review summarizes recent advances in the identification of the complex interplay between deiodinases and cancer and how this family of enzymes is relevant in cancer progression. We also discuss whether deiodinase expression could represent a diagnostic tool with which to define tumor staging in cancer treatment or even a therapeutic tool against cancer.
FSTL3-Neutralizing Antibodies Enhance Glucose-Responsive Insulin Secretion in Dysfunctional Male Mouse and Human Islets
Authors: Brown Melissa L , Lopez Alexa , Meyer Nolan , Richter Alden , Thompson Thomas B 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Diabetes is caused by insufficient insulin production from pancreatic beta cells or insufficient insulin action, leading to an inability to control blood glucose. While a wide range of treatments exist to alleviate the symptoms of diabetes, therapies addressing the root cause of diabetes through replacing lost beta cells with functional cells remain an object of active pursuit. We previously demonstrated that genetic deletion of Fstl3, a critical regulator of activin activity, enhanced beta cell number and glucose-responsive insulin production. These observations suggested the hypothesis that FSTL3 neutralization could be used to therapeutically enhance beta cell number and function in humans. To pursue this possibility, we developed an FSTL3-neutralizing antibody, FP-101, and characterized its ability to prevent or disrupt FSTL3 from complexing with activin or related ligands. This antibody was selective for FSTL3 relative to the closely related follistatin, thereby reducing the chance for off-target effects. In vitro assays with FP-101 and activin revealed that FP-101-mediated neutralization of FSTL3 can enhance both insulin secretion and glucose responsiveness to nonfunctional mouse and human islets under conditions that model diabetes. Thus, FSTL3 neutralization may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for treating diabetes through repairing dysfunctional beta cells.
Osteogenic Mechanisms of Basal Ganglia Calcification and its ex vivo Model in the Hypoparathyroid Milieu
Authors: Kar Parmita , Millo Tabin , Saha Soma , Mahtab Samrina , Agarwal Shipra , Goswami Ravinder 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Context
Basal-ganglia calcification (BGC) is common (70%) in patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism. Interestingly, cortical gray matter is spared from calcification. The mechanism of BGC, role of hyperphosphatemia, and modulation of osteogenic molecules by parathyroid hormone (PTH) in its pathogenesis is not clear.

Objective
We assessed the expression of a large repertoire of molecules with proosteogenic or antiosteogenic effects, including neuroprogenitor cells in caudate, dentate, and cortical gray matter from normal autopsy tissues. The effect of high phosphate and PTH was assessed in an ex vivo model of BGC using striatum tissue culture of the Sprague-Dawley rat.

Methods
The messenger RNA and protein expression of 39 molecules involved in multiple osteogenic pathways were assessed in 25 autopsy tissues using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The striatal culture was maintained in a hypoparathyroid milieu for 24 days with and without (a) high phosphate (10-mm β-glycerophosphate) and (b) PTH(1-34) (50 ng/mL Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium–F12 media) for their effect on striatal calcification and osteogenic molecules.

Results
Procalcification molecules (osteonectin, β-catenin, klotho, FZD4, NT5E, LRP5, WNT3A, collagen-1α, and SOX2-positive neuroprogenitor stem cells) had significantly higher expression in the caudate than gray matter. Caudate nuclei also had higher expression of antiosteogenic molecules (osteopontin, carbonic anhydrase-II [CA-II], MGP, sclerostin, ISG15, ENPP1, and USP18). In an ex vivo model, striatum culture showed an increased propensity for calcified nodules with mineral deposition similar to that of bone tissue on Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, alizarin, and von Kossa stain. Mineralization in striatal culture was enhanced by high phosphate and decreased by exogenous PTH through increased expression of CA-II.

Conclusion
This study provides a conceptual advance on the molecular mechanisms of BGC and the possibility of PTH therapy to prevent this complication in a hypoparathyroid milieu.
AIRE deficiency, from preclinical models to human APECED disease
Authors: Besnard Marine , Padonou Francine , Provin Nathan , Giraud Matthieu , Guillonneau Carole 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) is a rare life-threatening autoimmune disease that attacks multiple organs and has its onset in childhood. It is an inherited condition caused by a variety of mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene that encodes a protein whose function has been uncovered by the generation and study of Aire-KO mice. These provided invaluable insights into the link between AIRE expression in medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs), and the broad spectrum of self-antigens that these cells express and present to the developing thymocytes. However, these murine models poorly recapitulate all phenotypic aspects of human APECED. Unlike Aire-KO mice, the recently generated Aire-KO rat model presents visual features, organ lymphocytic infiltrations and production of autoantibodies that resemble those observed in APECED patients, making the rat model a main research asset. In addition, ex vivo models of AIRE-dependent self-antigen expression in primary mTECs have been successfully set up. Thymus organoids based on pluripotent stem cell-derived TECs from APECED patients are also emerging, and constitute a promising tool to engineer AIRE-corrected mTECs and restore the generation of regulatory T cells. Eventually, these new models will undoubtedly lead to main advances in the identification and assessment of specific and efficient new therapeutic strategies aiming to restore immunological tolerance in APECED patients.
Mutant non-coding RNA resource in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Hansen Jens , von Melchner Harald , Wurst Wolfgang 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Gene trapping is a high-throughput approach that has been used to introduce insertional mutations into the genome of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. It is performed with generic gene trap vectors that simultaneously mutate and report the expression of the endogenous gene at the site of insertion and provide a DNA sequence tag for the rapid identification of the disrupted gene. Large-scale international efforts assembled a gene trap library of 566,554 ES cell lines with single gene trap integrations distributed throughout the genome. Here, we re-investigated this unique library and identified mutations in 2202 non-coding RNA (ncRNA) genes, in addition to mutations in 12,078 distinct protein-coding genes. Moreover, we found certain types of gene trap vectors preferentially integrating into genes expressing specific long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) biotypes. Together with all other gene-trapped ES cell lines, lncRNA gene-trapped ES cell lines are readily available for functional in vitro and in vivo studies.
Recruiting and Retaining Patients with Breast Cancer in Exercise Trials: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Hoover Jeffrey C. , Alenazi Aqeel M. , Alshehri Mohammed M. , Alqahtani Bader A. , Alothman Shaima , Sarmento Caio , Yahya Abdalghani , Rucker Jason L. , Kluding Patricia M. 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT
Studies for patients with cancer often have low, but variable, recruitment. Retention is also variable and can prove problematic for successful study completion. This review aimed to estimate recruitment rate (RR), recruitment efficiency (RE), and dropout for exercise-related studies for the breast cancer population. In addition, this review aimed to address the gap in the literature of what factors are associated with recruitment and retention for exercise-related studies for the breast cancer population. PubMed, CINAHL, and ORRCA databases were searched. Peer-reviewed studies addressing recruitment in an exercise-related intervention for human adults, where >50% of the sample were participants with breast cancer, were included. Only studies written in English were included. Studies using a cross-sectional design were excluded. All identified studies were abstract and full-text screened. The proportion of RE and dropout were meta-analyzed, and the influence of predictors on RE and dropout were analyzed using meta-regression. RR had a weighted average of 2.6 participants per week. Dropout (r = 0.64, P = 0.003) and race (r = −0.54, P = 0.024) were correlated with RR. Random-effects meta-analyses yielded pooled estimates of 0.30 and 0.16 for RE and dropout, respectively. Treatment group compensation (b = −0.07, SE = 0.03, P = 0.013) and monitoring status (b = −0.13, SE = 0.06, P = 0.023) were statistically significant predictors of RE, where increasing compensation and monitoring a study predicted lower RE. Age (b = −0.07, SE = 0.02, P = 0.003) and education (b = −0.06, SE = 0.03, P = 0.024) were statistically significant predictors of dropout, where increases in age and decreases in education predicted lower dropout. This review may help identify characteristics that improve recruitment and retention. Study characteristics (e.g., compensation and monitoring status) predicted RE, and participant characteristics (e.g., age and education) predicted dropout.
Assessing the reporting of Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika to the National Surveillance System in Colombia from 2014–2017: A Capture-recapture analysis accounting for misclassification of arboviral diagnostics
Authors: Carabali Mabel , Jaramillo-Ramirez Gloria I. , Rivera Vivian A. , Mina Possu Neila-Julieth , Restrepo Berta N. , Zinszer Kate 
Published: February 2021

Background
Chikungunya, dengue, and Zika are three different arboviruses which have similar symptoms and are a major public health issue in Colombia. Despite the mandatory reporting of these arboviruses to the National Surveillance System in Colombia (SIVIGILA), it has been reported that the system captures less than 10% of diagnosed cases in some cities.

Methodology/Principal findings
To assess the scope and degree of arboviruses reporting in Colombia between 2014–2017, we conducted an observational study of surveillance data using the capture-recapture approach in three Colombian cities. Using healthcare facility registries (capture data) and surveillance-notified cases (recapture data), we estimated the degree of reporting by clinical diagnosis. We fit robust Poisson regressions to identify predictors of reporting and estimated the predicted probability of reporting by disease and year. To account for the potential misclassification of the clinical diagnosis, we used the simulation extrapolation for misclassification (MC-SIMEX) method. A total of 266,549 registries were examined. Overall arboviruses’ reporting ranged from 5.3% to 14.7% and varied in magnitude according to age and year of diagnosis. Dengue was the most notified disease (21–70%) followed by Zika (6–45%). The highest reporting rate was seen in 2016, an epidemic year. The MC-SIMEX corrected rates indicated underestimation of the reporting due to the potential misclassification bias.

Conclusions
These findings reflect challenges on arboviruses’ reporting, and therefore, potential challenges on the estimation of arboviral burden in Colombia and other endemic settings with similar surveillance systems.