bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The antiviral and immunomodulatory activities of propolis: An update and future perspectives for respiratory diseases
Authors: Magnavacca Andrea , Sangiovanni Enrico , Racagni Giorgio , Dell'Agli Mario 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPropolis is a complex natural product that possesses antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, and antiviral properties mainly attributed to the high content in flavonoids, phenolic acids, and their derivatives. The chemical composition of propolis is multifarious, as it depends on the botanical sources from which honeybees collect resins and exudates. Nevertheless, despite this variability propolis may have a general pharmacological value, and this review systematically compiles, for the first time, the existing preclinical and clinical evidence of propolis activities as an antiviral and immunomodulatory agent, focusing on the possible application in respiratory diseases. In vitro and in vivo assays have demonstrated propolis broad‐spectrum effects on viral infectivity and replication, as well as the modulatory actions on cytokine production and immune cell activation as part of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Clinical trials confirmed propolis undeniable potential as an effective therapeutic agent; however, the lack of rigorous randomized clinical trials in the context of respiratory diseases is tangible. Since propolis is available as a dietary supplement, possible use for the prevention of respiratory diseases and their deleterious inflammatory drawbacks on the respiratory tract in humans is considered and discussed. This review opens up new perspectives on the clinical investigation of neglected propolis biological properties which, now more than ever, are particularly relevant with respect to the recent outbreaks of pandemic respiratory infections.
Ethylene/1‐Hexene Copolymerization Kinetics and Microstructure of Copolymers Made with a Supported Metallocene Catalyst
Authors: Mehdiabadi Saeid , Lhost Olivier , Vantomme Aurelien , Soares João B.P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEthylene/1‐olefin copolymers made with supported metallocenes in slurry or gas‐phase polymerization are often less homogeneous than those made with the same unsupported metallocene in solution polymerization. In particular, their molecular weight distributions are broader, having polydispersities higher than two, and sometimes their chemical composition distributions may even be bimodal. In our previous publication, we developed a mathematical model to describe the polymerization kinetics and polymer microstructure of ethylene homopolymers made with a supported metallocene catalyst. In this article, we extended that model to also cover the copolymerization of ethylene and 1‐hexene with the same supported catalyst. The copolymerizations are performed in parallel semibatch reactors using a metallocene catalyst supported on an inorganic porous carrier. 1‐Hexene concentration and polymerization time are the factors changed to investigate this system. Modeling results show that, as for the ethylene homopolymerization case, a three‐site model is needed to describe the molecular weight distributions of the copolymers, but their chemical compositions can be described with a single set of reactivity ratios. A single set of parameters is also enough to describe the copolymerization kinetics with this supported catalyst. A new method is also developed and tested to estimate reactivity ratios under composition drift in this article.
The bare bones appearance of hyperparathyroidism: Distinguishing subperiosteal bone resorption from periosteal reaction
Authors: Rothschild Bruce M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThree types of resorption (endosteal, intracortical [Haversian], and periosteal envelope [subperiosteal]) have been observed in hyperparathyroidism. The current manuscript addresses the one manifestation that seems to have specificity, subperiosteal bone resorption, and allows us to distinguish the resultant subperiosteal resorption from the unrelated accretion phenomenon, periosteal reaction. Skeletons of 2906 individuals in the Hamann‐Todd Human Skeletal Collection were visually (macroscopically) examined to identify surface resorption and tuft alterations. Surface resorption was present bilaterally in 18 of 94 individuals with renal disease‐derived hyperparathyroidism, but absent in the other 2812 individuals examined. Manual tuft resorption was present in four individuals with hyperparathyroidism and absent in all others examined. Given its limitation to individuals with known hyperparathyroidism, the presence of subperiosteal resorption appears diagnostic. The 4% prevalence of subperiosteal reaction in the Hamman‐Todd cohort with hyperparathyroidism is indistinguishable from that reported in clinical samples. Subperiosteal resorption appears be a phenomenon in the archeological record that is pathognomonic for the diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. Such biologically remodeled bone is easily distinguished from post‐mortem damage and its position subjacent to the periosteum facilitates distinguishing it from periosteal reaction. While the presence of subperiosteal bone resorption appears to have great specificity, its sensitivity is low as it was found only in 19% of individuals examined in this study.
Sociodemographic determinants of prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain: The Mutaba'ah study
Authors: Cheng Tuck Seng , Ali Nasloon , Elbarazi Iffat , Al‐Rifai Rami H. , Al‐Maskari Fatma , Loney Tom , Ahmed Luai A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the associations of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG).MethodsIn the Mutaba'ah Study in the United Arab Emirates, repeated measurements throughout pregnancy from medical records were used to determine prepregnancy BMI and GWG. Associations of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with prepregnancy BMI and GWG (separately by normal weight, overweight, and obesity status) were tested using multivariable regression models, adjusted for maternal age at delivery.ResultsAmong 3536 pregnant participants, more than half had prepregnancy overweight (33.2%) or obesity (26.9%), and nearly three‐quarters had inadequate (34.2%) or excessive (38.2%) GWG. Higher parity (β for 1–2 to ≥5 children = 0.94 to 1.73 kg/m2), lower maternal education (β for tertiary = −1.42), infertility treatment (β = 0.69), and maternal prepregnancy active smoking (β = 1.95) were independently associated with higher prepregnancy BMI. Higher parity was associated with a lower risk for excessive GWG among women with prepregnancy normal weight (odds ratios (ORs) for 1–2 to ≥5 children = 0.61 to 0.39). Higher maternal education was negatively associated with inadequate GWG among women with normal weight and overweight (ORs for tertiary education = 0.75 and 0.69, respectively).ConclusionsSociodemographic factors, especially parity and maternal education, were differentially associated with prepregnancy BMI and GWG adequacy across weight status.
Ohne Widerstand in die Anwendung
Authors: Noe Mathias , Bauer Markus 
Published: November 2021

ZusammenfassungFür supraleitende Kabel und Leitungen gibt es eine Vielzahl potenzieller Anwendungen. Hochtemperatur‐Supraleiter sind heute als Bandleiter guter Qualität kommerziell verfügbar. Ihre durchschnittliche Stromtragfähigkeit hat sich in den letzten zehn Jahren etwa verdreifacht, weitere Steigerungen sind absehbar. Zu den Vorteilen im Vergleich zu konventionellen Lösungen zählen signifikant verringerte elektrische Verluste, hohe Übertragungsleistung bei niedrigeren Spannungen sowie eine wesentliche Reduzierung des Platzbedarfs und der elektromagnetischen wie thermischen Belastung der Umgebung. Das vereinfacht zum Beispiel die unterirdische Legung in Innenstädten erheblich. Das Kabelprojekt AmpaCity in Essen hat den dauerhaften und zuverlässigen Betrieb eines supraleitenden Kabels eindrucksvoll unter Beweis gestellt. Im Zuge der Energiewende haben sich die Rahmenbedingungen für energieeffiziente und kompakte Kabel positiv entwickelt. Der Bedarf in Erneuerung und Ausbau des Stromnetzes ist in allen Spannungsebenen stark gewachsen.
Inter‐ethnic differences in pharmacokinetics—is there more that unites than divides?
Authors: Olafuyi Olusola , Parekh Nikita , Wright Jacob , Koenig Jennifer 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInter‐ethnic variability in pharmacokinetics (PK) has been attributed to several factors ranging from genetic to environmental. It is not clear how current teaching in higher education (HE) reflects what published literature suggests on this subject. This study aims to gain insights into current knowledge about inter‐ethnic differences in PK based on reports from published literature and current teaching practices in HE. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus to identify suitable literature to be reviewed. Insights into inter‐ethnic differences in PK teaching among educators in HE and industry were determined using a questionnaire. Thirty‐one percent of the studies reviewed reported inter‐ethnic differences in PK, of these, 37% of authors suggested genetic polymorphism as possible explanation for the inter‐ethnic differences observed. Other factors authors proposed included diet and weight differences between ethnicities. Most respondents (80%) who taught inter‐ethnic difference in PK attributed inter‐ethnic differences to genetic polymorphism. While genetic polymorphism is one source of variability in PK, the teaching of genetic polymorphism is better associated with interindividual variabilities rather than inter‐ethnic differences in PK as there are no genes with PK implications specific to any one ethnic group. Nongenetic factors such as diet, weight, and environmental factors, should be highlighted as potential sources of interindividual variation in the PK of drugs.
Complex conductivity dependent surface plasmon polaritons at the interface of metal and silver silica nanocomposites
Authors: Ullah Kaleem , Bacha Bakht Amin , Wahid Umer , Ullah Arif , Irfan Muhammad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSurface plasmon polariton (SPPs) is investigated with complex conductivity at the interface of metal and silver silica nonacomposites. The amplitude and phase of complex conductivity significantly influence the SPPs propagation. The value of Re(ksp) varies with the phase and norm of complex conductivity. Similarly the wavelength, propagation length, group velocity, decay time, penetration depth and rotary Plasmon drag of SPPs are investigated. These results may have vital applications in the field of wave‐guides, Plasmonster, data storage, chemical and biosensors.
Facile and Efficient Nitration of 4‐Aryl‐1(2H)‐Phthalazinone Derivatives Using Different Catalysts
Authors: Abdullah Rokaia Safwat , El Nemr Ahmed , El‐Sakka Sahar S. A. , Soliman Mohamed H. , El‐Hashash Maher A. , Ragab Safaa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDifferent nitration methods were investigated on 4‐(4‐mthoxy‐3‐methyl phenyl)‐1(2H)‐phthalazinone and its derivatives using HNO3 as a nitrating agent with different catalysts. LC–MS/MS has been used to determine the product‘s structure. The results showed that the most suitable catalyst was P2O5 at room temperature to introduce an ortho mono‐nitrated group for the phthalazinone derivatives bearing donating groups on the phenyl ring. In contrast, 4‐halophenyl phthalazinone derivatives gave a high yield of mono‐nitrated products using H2SO4 as a catalyst. All mono‐nitrated products were separated with good to excellent yields, and their structures were confirmed by FT‐IR, NMR, LC‐MS/MS and elemental analyses.
Enhanced Stability and Luminous Performance for Structured Mn‐Doped CsPbCl3 Quantum Dots
Authors: Zhang Yang , Liang Zhenyao , Ni Liang , Huang Le , Yang Yibin , Xiao Ye 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo improve the photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY) and the environmental stability of the CsPbCl3 quantum dots (QDs), the Mn doping strategy has been applied first. The substitute of Mn2+ can reduce the toxicity of the lead element firstly, and then slightly enhance the stability of QDs. Increasing the nominal content of Mn, the longtime duration of the intrinsic excitation peak is significantly improved; and at a higher nominal content, a wide red emission by the d‐d transition of Mn2+ is introduced, the overall PL QY of CsPbCl3 QDs increases to 54.32 %. Secondly, to further prevent the penetration of oxygen and water, the Mn‐doped CsPbCl3@SiO2 nano‐composite with a physical coating shell was synthesized by the hydrolysis of aminopropyltriethoxysilane. The investigation on the PL spectrum within hours shows that the relative peak intensity maintains 74 % of the initial intensity and the shift of peak position is also inhibited. Finally, the nano‐composite materials were fabricated into white light‐emitting devices (WLED), under the illumination of a commercial GaN chip, the device shows a good Commission Internationale de lEclairage (CIE) color coordination of (0.31,0.35). As a result, the obtained Mn‐doped CsPbCl3@SiO2 QDs have excellent optical properties and good stability under aqueous and polar solvent environments. Therefore, this doping and coating method could pave the way for future applications in illumination and display fields.
Pyroelectric Synthesis of the Site‐Specific Au‐ZnO Nanorod Array
Authors: Wang Liren , Wang Han , Wang Xinyu , Tao Peng , Shang Wen , Fu Benwei , Song Chengyi , Deng Tao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper introduces an alternative approach for the synthesis of site‐specific gold‐zinc oxide (Au‐ZnO) nanorod array through the pyroelectric approach. The hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorod array on the Si substrate is served as the pyroelectric catalyst. Under rapid temperature oscillation, the gold salt precursor is reduced into gold nanoparticles around the tip of ZnO nanorods in aqueous solution. The hybrid structure shows a significant photoluminescence quenching in the visible emission spectrum of ZnO, which is due to the interaction of ZnO and gold nanoparticles. A Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation test under full spectrum sunlight illumination is conducted to demonstrate the photocatalytic performance of the Au‐ZnO nanorod array. The mechanism behind the hydrothermal growth of ZnO, pyroelectric reduction of gold nanoparticles, and photoluminescence quenching of Au‐ZnO is discussed. The findings of this work offer possible ways to the sustainable use of thermal energy, including harvesting waste heat through pyroelectric effect, and the site‐specific synthesis of various nanomaterials with enhanced photocatalytic degradation capability.
Synthesis of 3‐Aminopyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐4‐one Derivatives via Condensation of Azlactones with 1‐Alkyl‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinolines
Authors: Shuvalov Vladislav Yu. , Samsonenko Anna L. , Rozhkova Yuliya S. , Morozov Vyacheslav V. , Shklyaev Yurii V. , Fisyuk Alexander S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReactions of available 1‐alkyl‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinolines with 4‐(2,2,2‐trifluoroacetyl)‐, 4‐acetyl‐ or 4‐(ethoxy‐methylene)‐2‐aryloxazol‐5(4H)‐ones were studied. A series of new 3‐amino‐6,7‐dihydro‐4H‐pyrido[2,1‐a]isoquinolin‐4‐one derivatives was synthesized. The intermediates formed as a result of the addition of azlactone to 1‐methyl‐3,4‐dihydroisoquinoline were isolated. The effect of the nature of the substituents, as well as the reaction conditions on the yield and structure of the title products was revealed.
Preparation of Resistant Rice Starch and Processing Technology Optimization
Authors: Sun Xiaohong , Dong Zhihua , Liang Jianfen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResistant starch has been attracting increasing attention due to its health benefits. Rice, is composed of 80% starch and represents a potential resource for resistant starch production with low. Using rice starch as a raw material displayed no noticeable adverse effects on the taste and texture of applied food. This study aimed to produce an effective method for improving resistant rice starch. A commercial rice ground to prepare the rice starch, after which the protein is removed using NaOH. The autoclave‐cooling processing technology is optimized via single‐factor experiments and the Box‐Behnken response surface methodology design. The results indicated that the highest yield of resistant starch reached 9.78%, about 10 times the level in raw rice starch. The optimal conditions included a starch slurry concentration of 18%, and autoclave gelatinization at 115 °C for 80 min, followed by natural cooling to room temperature.
Degrees of Reasoning: Student Uptake of a Language‐Focused Approach to Scaffolding Patterns of Logical Reasoning in the Case Analysis Genre
Authors: Mitchell Thomas D. , Pessoa Silvia , Gómez‐Laich María Pía , Maune Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study reports on student writing outcomes from a two‐year interdisciplinary collaboration between applied linguists (the authors) and an organizational behavior (OB) professor. We used an ethnographic language‐focused approach to make explicit the linguistic features of the case analysis genre at an American university in the Middle East. We analyzed 33 student case analyses to examine how effectively students applied two heuristics from our scaffolding materials: the semantic wave heuristic for writing analytical paragraphs that move from abstract to concrete and back to abstract knowledge; and the I know, I see, I conclude heuristic for making explicit the logical connections between disciplinary knowledge and case information to produce conclusions. Students integrated the focal linguistic features with varying degrees of effectiveness. Most students met genre expectations by making abstract claims about the case at the beginning and at the end of their analysis paragraphs, integrating OB knowledge with information about the case, thus creating effective waves between disciplinary and case knowledge. However, our analysis reveals differences in the quality of students’ logical reasoning between high‐, mid‐, and low‐rated texts. We discuss how these differences can inform linguistically responsive disciplinary writing instruction.
Environmental pollutant N‐N′ethylnitrosourea‐induced leukemic NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its amelioration by Eclipta prostrata and its active compound wedelolactone
Authors: Bhattacharyya Subhashree , Law Sujata 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEnvironmental exposure of N‐nitroso compounds (NOCs) from various sources like tobacco smoke, pesticides, smoked meat, and rubber manufacturing industries has been an alarming cause of carcinogenesis. Neonatal exposure to the carcinogenic N‐N′ethylnitrosourea (ENU), a NOC has been established to cause leukemogenesis. Our world is constantly battling against cancer with consistent investigations of new anti‐cancer therapeutics. Plant derived compounds have grasped worldwide attention of researchers for their promising anti‐cancer potentials. Eclipta prostrata is one such ayurvedic herb, renowned for its anti‐inflammatory properties. Currently, it has been explored in various cancer cell lines to establish its anti‐cancer effect, but rarely in in‐vivo cancer models. Wedelolactone (WDL), the major coumestan of E. prostrata is recognized as an inhibitor of IKK, a master regulator of the NF‐kB inflammatory pathway. As persistent inflammation and activated inflammasome contribute to leukemogenesis, we tried to observe anti‐leukemogenic efficacy of E. prostrata and its active compound WDL on the marrow cells of ENU induced experimental leukemic mice. Treatment groups were administered an oral gavage at a dose of 1200 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg b.w of crude extract and WDL respectively for 4 weeks. Various parameters like hemogram, survivability, cytological and histological investigations, migration assay, cell culture, flowcytometry and confocal microscopy were taken into consideration pre‐ and post‐treatment. Interestingly, the plant concoction portrayed maximum effects in comparison to WDL alone. The study suggests E. prostrata and WDL as vital complementary adjuncts for anti‐inflammasome mechanism in ENU‐induced leukemia.
Evaluation of classic and novel ultrasound signs of placenta accreta spectrum
Authors: Skupski D. W. , Duzyj C. M. , Scholl J. , Perez‐Delboy A. , Ruhstaller K. , Plante L. A. , Hart L. A. , Palomares K. T. S. , Ajemian B. , Rosen T. , Kinzler W. L. , Ananth C. ,   for the Perinatal Research Consortium
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTObjectivesImprovement in the antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) would allow preparation for delivery in a referral center, leading to decreased maternal morbidity and mortality. Our objectives were to assess the performance of classic ultrasound signs and to determine the value of novel ultrasound signs in the detection of PAS.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of women with second‐trimester placenta previa who underwent third‐trimester transvaginal ultrasound and all women with PAS in seven medical centers. A retrospective image review for signs of PAS was conducted by three maternal–fetal medicine physicians. Classic signs of PAS were defined as placental lacunae, bladder‐wall interruption, myometrial thinning and subplacental hypervascularity. Novel signs were defined as small placental lacunae, irregular placenta–myometrium interface (PMI), vascular PMI, non‐tapered placental edge and placental bulge towards the bladder. PAS was diagnosed based on difficulty in removing the placenta or pathological examination of the placenta. Multivariate regression analysis was performed and receiver‐operating‐characteristics (ROC) curves were generated to assess the performance of combined novel signs, combined classic signs and a model combining classic and novel signs.ResultsA total of 385 cases with placenta previa were included, of which 55 had PAS (28 had placenta accreta, 11 had placenta increta and 16 had placenta percreta). The areas under the ROC curves for classic markers, novel markers and a model combining classic and novel markers for the detection of PAS were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.75–0.88), 0.84 (95% CI, 0.77–0.90) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.82–0.94), respectively. A model combining classic and novel signs performed better than did the classic or novel markers individually (P = 0.03). An increasing number of signs was associated with a greater likelihood of PAS. With the presence of 0, 1, 2 and ≥ 3 classic ultrasound signs, PAS was present in 5%, 24%, 57% and 94% of cases, respectively.ConclusionsWe have confirmed the value of classic ultrasound signs of PAS. The use of novel ultrasound signs in combination with classic signs improved the detection of PAS. These findings have clinical implications for the detection of PAS and may help guide the obstetric management of patients diagnosed with these placental disorders. © 2021 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Linking climate change, environmental degradation, and migration: An update after 10 years
Authors: Piguet Etienne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn WIREs Climate Change, Issue 1(4), 2010, I suggested a typology of the data and methods used to assess links between climate change, environmental degradation and migration (Piguet, 2010). My review of the literature included publications up to 2009. Since then, the number of empirically based scientific publications on this topic has risen substantially to average 40 articles per year and the scope of methods, stock of results and diversity of questions has widened. Based on the CLIMIG database—a systematic and analytic collection of scientific references published on migration and the environment—this new synthesis provides a methodological typology of an exceptionally large number of published case studies. This will complement existing reviews and meta‐studies and allow a global overview of the state of research by identifying consensus and disagreements, revisiting methodological challenges and mapping current and future research questions.This article is categorized under:
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Values‐Based Approach to Vulnerability and Adaptation