bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges and Solutions for Plastic Packaging in a Circular Economy
Authors: Schmidt Jannick , Auer Maximilian , Moesslein Jochen , Wendler Pascal , Wiethoff Stefan , Lang‐Koetz Claus , Woidasky Jörg 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNew regulations require improvement of plastic packaging waste management to meet higher recycling rates. One solution for today's multilayers and other sorting challenges is tracer‐based‐sorting (TBS). TBS uses fluorescent tracers to provide sorting information on packagings. Industrial printing tests with tracer materials showed good printing quality. For TBS waste management feasibility studies, extensive packaging sorting plant input analyses were carried out, focusing on materials, color, label type, and label whereabouts. Sorting tests on a TBS‐modified NIR‐sorter resulted in excellent detection rates. LCA showed the reduced climate impact of TBS compared to conventional sorting technology. Implementation and transfer of TBS to other industries show high potential.
Computer simulation of tumour resection‐induced brain deformation by a meshless approach
Authors: Yu Yue , Bourantas George , Zwick Benjamin , Joldes Grand , Kapur Tina , Frisken Sarah , Kikinis Ron , Nabavi Arya , Golby Alexandra , Wittek Adam , Miller Karol 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTumour resection requires precise planning and navigation to maximise tumour removal while simultaneously protecting nearby healthy tissues. Neurosurgeons need to know the location of the remaining tumour after partial tumour removal before continuing with the resection. Our approach to the problem uses biomechanical modelling and computer simulation to compute the brain deformations after the tumour is resected. In this study, we use meshless Total Lagrangian explicit dynamics as the solver. The problem geometry is extracted from the patient‐specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and includes the parenchyma, tumour, cerebrospinal fluid and skull. The appropriate non‐linear material formulation is used. Loading is performed by imposing intra‐operative conditions of gravity and reaction forces between the tumour and surrounding healthy parenchyma tissues. A finite frictionless sliding contact is enforced between the skull (rigid) and parenchyma. The meshless simulation results are compared to intra‐operative MRI sections. We also calculate Hausdorff distances between the computed deformed surfaces (ventricles and tumour cavities) and surfaces observed intra‐operatively. Over 80% of points on the ventricle surface and 95% of points on the tumour cavity surface were successfully registered (results within the limits of two times the original in‐plane resolution of the intra‐operative image). Computed results demonstrate the potential for our method in estimating the tissue deformation and tumour boundary during the resection.
The RNA‐binding protein La/SSB associates with radiation‐induced DNA double‐strand breaks in lung cancer cell lines
Authors: Staudacher Alexander H. , Li Yanrui , Liapis Vasilios , Brown Michael P. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlatinum‐based chemotherapy and radiotherapy are standard treatments for non‐small cell lung cancer, which is the commonest, most lethal cancer worldwide. As a marker of treatment‐induced cancer cell death, we have developed a radiodiagnostic imaging antibody, which binds to La/SSB. La/SSB is an essential, ubiquitous ribonuclear protein, which is over expressed in cancer and plays a role in resistance to cancer therapies.AimIn this study, we examined radiation‐induced DNA double strand breaks (DSB) in lung cancer cell lines and examined whether La/SSB associated with these DSB.MethodThree lung cancer lines (A549, H460 and LL2) were irradiated with different X‐ray doses or X‐radiated with a 5 Gy dose and examined at different time‐points post‐irradiation for DNA DSB in the form of γ‐H2AX and Rad51 foci. Using fluorescence microscopy, we examined whether La/SSB and γ‐H2AX co‐localise and performed proximity ligation assay (PLA) and co‐immunoprecipitation to confirm the interaction of these proteins.ResultsWe found that the radio‐resistant A549 cell line compared to the radio‐sensitive H460 cell line showed faster resolution of radiation‐induced γ‐H2AX foci over time. Conversely, we found more co‐localised γ‐H2AX and La/SSB foci by PLA in irradiated A549 cells.ConclusionThe co‐localisation of La/SSB with radiation‐induced DNA breaks suggests a role of La/SSB in DNA repair, however further experimentation is required to validate this.
A blockchain‐based mobile crowdsensing scheme with enhanced privacy
Authors: Peng Tao , Guan Kejian , Liu Jierong , Chen Jianer , Wang Guojun , Zhu Jiawei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWith the popularity and development of sensors‐containing intelligent terminals, mobile crowdsensing system (MCS) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) has become a new paradigm of application. By the MCS, the pervasive smart device users are enabled to collect large‐scale data cost‐effectively, for crowd intelligent extraction and human‐centric service delivery. However, most of the existing MCSs are based on a centralized structure vulnerable to attacks and intrusions. Moreover, the data collected through crowdsensing are diverse and difficult to guarantee user privacy, especially during the payment and data upload stages. In this article, we propose a blockchain‐based privacy‐preserving crowdsensing (BPPC) scheme based on the distributed structure, to protect user privacy. First, we combine the multiblockchain technology and K‐anonymity to construct anonymity groups for the confusion. Second, we present the random algorithm HashProof to select candidates from the anonymity groups to avoid deployment of Trusted Third Party (TTP) or agent server. Ultimately, we design encryption‐based algorithms building trust and authentication mechanisms in the system to guarantee the confidentiality of user data and achieve the accurate distribution of rewards. To verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the BPPC scheme, extensive experiments were conducted.
“Walking the nitrogen around the ring”: Chemical synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of novel 4‐, 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐azaindazole analogs of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist MDMB‐PINACA
Authors: Alam Ryan M. , Keating John J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOver the past decade, synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) have rapidly evolved to encompass a wide range of structurally diverse new psychoactive substances (NPS), including derivatives that incorporate indole, indazole, 7‐azaindole, γ‐carbolinone, or carbazole heterocyclic scaffolds. The introduction of legislative measures seeking to control the availability of NPS on the recreational drug scene has likely contributed to the continued emergence of novel SCRA analogs, which often evade regulatory control. However, the detection and/or identification of azaindazole‐type SCRAs in seized material has not yet been reported (September, 2021). It is plausible that SCRAs bearing a 1,3‐disubstituted azaindazole scaffold may possess cannabimimetic activity, given their structural similarity with known indole, indazole, and azaindole SCRAs. In view of these antecedents, a set of four novel isomeric 4‐, 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐azaindazole analogs of the known potent indazole SCRA, MDMB‐PINACA, were synthesized using a Pd‐catalyzed aminocarbonylation strategy. The complementary use of ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), 1D‐ and 2D‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has permitted the spectroscopic differentiation, unambiguous structural assignment, and rapid separation of novel isomeric 4‐, 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐azaindazole analogs of the indazole SCRA, MDMB‐PINACA.
Effects of 12‐week, non‐energy‐restricted dietary intervention with conventional yogurt οn appetite hormone responses of type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Yanni Amalia E. , Konstantopoulos Panagiotis , Kartsioti Kleio , Binou Panagiota , Karathanos Vaios Τ. , Chatzigeorgiou Artemis , Kokkinos Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHunger‐reducing effects and beneficial changes in gastrointestinal hormones have been reported, in overweight/obese individuals consuming dairy while yogurt takes pride of place due to its unique structure and composition. Although the contribution of yogurt to metabolic regulation has received growing attention, the research studies which examine its role on appetite are limited, especially regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of non‐fat, conventional yogurt consumption on appetite hormone responses of T2DM patients following a non‐energy‐restricted diet. Overweight subjects participated in a 12‐week dietary intervention including 2 meals/day (2 × 200 g) of yogurt. At the beginning and the end of the intervention, a mixed meal tolerance test assessing the postprandial response of glucose, insulin, ghrelin, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1), and peptide‐YY (PYY) was performed. Subjective appetite ratings were also evaluated. Area under the curve for glucose, insulin, ghrelin, GLP‐1, and PYY responses did not differ after the 12‐week intervention with yogurt (p > .05) as well as for subjective appetite ratings (p > .05). No significant differences were indicated at specific time points in any of the examined parameters. Regular consumption of non‐fat, conventional yogurt for 12‐week duration does not affect appetite hormone responses in overweight patients with T2DM following a non‐energy‐restricted diet.
Immunomodulation of endothelial cells induced by macrolide therapy in a model of septic stimulation
Authors: Pons Stéphanie , Arrii Eden , Arnaud Marine , Loiselle Maud , Ferry Juliette , Nouacer Manel , Lion Julien , Cohen Shannon , Mooney Nuala , Zafrani Lara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesSepsis is defined as the host's inflammatory response to a life‐threatening infection. The endothelium is implicated in immunoregulation during sepsis. Macrolides have been proposed to display immunomodulatory properties. The goal of this study was to analyze whether macrolides can exert immunomodulation of endothelial cells (ECs) in an experimental model of sepsis.MethodsHuman ECs were stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide before exposure to macrolides. ECs phenotypes were analyzed by flow cytometry. Cocultures of ECs and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were performed to study the ECs ability to alter T‐cell viability and differentiation in the presence of macrolides. Soluble factor production was assessed.ResultsECs act as non‐professional antigen presenting cells and expressed human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigens, the adhesion molecules CD54, CD106, and the coinhibitory molecule CD274 after septic stimulation. Incubation with macrolides induced a significant decrease of HLA class I and HLA class II HLA‐DR on septic‐stimulated ECs, but did not alter either CD54, CD106, nor CD274 expression. Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and IL‐8 production by stimulated ECs were unaltered by incubation with macrolides, whereas Clarithromycin exposure significantly decreased IL‐6 gene expression. In cocultures of septic ECs with PBMCs, neither the proportion of CD4 + , CD8 + T nor their viability was altered by macrolides. T‐helper lymphocyte subsets Th1, Th17, and Treg polarization by stimulated ECs were unaltered by macrolides.ConclusionThis study reports phenotypic and gene expression changes in septic‐stimulated ECs exposed to macrolides, without resulting in altered immunogenicity of ECs in co‐cultures with PBMCs. In vivo studies may help to further understand the impact of macrolide therapy on ECs immune homeostasis during sepsis.
Quantitative Analysis of Charge Dissociation by Selectively Characterizing Exciton Splitting Efficiencies in Single Component Materials
Authors: He Yakun , Hanisch Benedict , Osvet Andres , Lüer Larry , Aubele Anna , Bäuerle Peter , Li Weiwei , Li Ning , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractExciton dissociation between donor and acceptor is the decisive process to determine the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). The rather fast dynamics of photo‐induced charge generation in well‐optimized bulk heterojunction (BHJ) composites complicate the quantitative analysis of the charge generation efficiency for donor and acceptor units. Herein, we report time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) investigations and demonstrate their potential as a quantitative and contactless characterization technique allowing to separately determine the exciton splitting efficiency of donor and acceptor moieties in selected single component materials. We demonstrate that the exciton splitting efficiency for donor or acceptor moieties can be separately adjusted in these materials by post‐treatment, while the corresponding BHJ composites undergo excessive phase separation upon external stress. By relating the separate exciton splitting efficiencies to their photovoltaic performance, the limiting factor in corresponding OSCs, either charge generation or recombination, is identified.
Hepatotoxicity of systemic therapies for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Celsa Ciro , Giuffrida Paolo , Giacchetto Carmelo Marco , Stornello Caterina , Rancatore Gabriele , Grova Mauro , Ricciardi Maria Rita , Rizzo Sergio , Cammà Calogero , Cabibbo Giuseppe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe number of effective systemic therapies for the treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) is rapidly increasing and the advent of immunotherapy changed the treatment paradigm for these patients, leading to a significant improvement in survival outcomes. While sorafenib, a tyrosine‐kinase inhibitor monotherapy, remained the only effective treatment for almost a decade, the combination of atezolizumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) targeting programmed death‐ligand 1, plus bevacizumab, an antiangiogenic agent targeting vascular endothelial growth factor, now represents the new standard of care for patients with uHCC. Moreover, several further clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate novel combinations between ICIs with other drugs, belonging to the same class or to other classes. As HCC occurs in most cases in the setting of cirrhosis, the evaluation of the risk/benefit ratio of systemic treatments represents a critical point. The underlying liver disease significantly influences the safety and the effectiveness of current and future systemic treatments for uHCC. For this reason, the hepatotoxicity profile and impact on liver function of these molecules should be carefully assessed in both clinical trials and in the real‐world setting. Here, we review hepatotoxicity data on systemic treatments for uHCC and offer suggestions on monitoring and managing liver‐related adverse events occurring during the treatment.
Efficient Frequency Doubling with Active Stabilization on Chip
Authors: Chen Jia‐Yang , Tang Chao , Jin Mingwei , Li Zhan , Ma Zhaohui , Fan Heng , Kumar Santosh , Sua Yong Meng , Huang Yu‐Ping 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThin‐film lithium niobate (TFLN) is superior for integrated nanophotonics due to its outstanding properties in nearly all aspects: strong second‐order nonlinearity, fast and efficient electro‐optic effects, wide transparency window, and little two photon absorption and free carrier scattering. Together, they permit highly integrated nanophotonic circuits capable of complex photonic processing by incorporating disparate elements on the same chip. Yet, there has to be a demonstration that synergizes those superior properties for system advantage. Here, such a chip that capitalizes on TFLN's favorable ferroelectricity, high second‐order nonlinearity, and strong electro‐optic effects is demonstrated. It consists of a monolithic circuit integrating a Z‐cut, quasi‐phase matched microring with high quality factor and a phase modulator used in active feedback control. By Pound–Drever–Hall locking, it realizes stable frequency doubling at about 50% conversion with only milliwatt pump power. This demonstration addresses a long‐outstanding challenge facing cavity‐based optical processing, including frequency conversion, frequency comb generation, and all‐optical switching, whose stable performance is hindered by photorefractive or thermal effects. These results further establish TFLN as an excellent material capable of optical multitasking, as desirable to build multi‐functional chip devices.
Narrow Bandwidth Luminescence in Sr2Li(Al,Ga)O4:Eu2+ by Selective Site Occupancy Engineering for High Definition Displays
Authors: Qiao Jianwei , Zhou Yayun , Molokeev Maxim S. , Zhang Qinyuan , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIt remains a critical challenge to develop narrow‐band emitters for wide color gamut displays. Herein, it is designed by the selective site occupancy engineering and an unprecedented narrow‐band green‐emitting phosphor is prepared through chemical substitution. By introducing Ga3+ ions into Sr2LiAlO4:Eu2+ phosphor, the distribution of Eu2+ ions in Sr1 and Sr2 sites is effectively controlled, and only one type of luminescent centers Eu2+(Sr1) is remained in Sr2LiAl0.6Ga0.4O4:Eu2+ due to the compression effect of Sr2O8 polyhedra. Sr2LiAl0.6Ga0.4O4:Eu2+ phosphor presents an extremely narrow‐band green emission centered at 512 nm with a full‐width at half‐maximum of only 40 nm. The wide color gamut (107% National Television System Committee) of the as‐fabricated white liquid crystal displays and the vivid figures captured from the projector demonstrate the potential application of narrow‐band emitter for wide‐color gamut displays. This work provides the design principles of realizing narrow‐band emission by selective site occupancy engineering and can set the stage for the exploring of Eu2+‐activated phosphor for high definition displays.
Assessing cognitive toxicity in early phase trials ‐ What are we missing?
Authors: Stapleton Sarah E. , Darlington Anne‐Sophie , Minchom Anna , Pal Abhijit , Raynaud Florence , Wiseman Theresa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesNovel therapies, such as, small protein molecule inhibitors and immunotherapies are first tested clinically in Phase I trials. Moving on to later phase trials and ultimately standard practice. A key aim of these early clinical trials is to define a toxicity profile; however, the emphasis is often on safety. The concern is cognitive toxicity is poorly studied in this context and may be under‐reported. The aim of this review is to map evidence of cognitive assessment, toxicity, and confounding factors within reports from Phase I trials and consider putative mechanisms of impairment aligned with mechanisms of novel therapies.MethodsA scoping review methodology was applied to the search of databases, including Embase, MEDLINE, Clinicaltrials.gov. A [keyword search was conducted, results screened for duplication then inclusion/exclusion criteria applied. Articles were further screened for relevance; data organised into categories and charted in a tabular format]. Evidence was collated and summarised into a narrative synthesis.ResultsDespite the availability of robust ways to assess cognitive function, these are not routinely included in the conduct of early clinical trials. Reports of cognitive toxicity in early Phase I trials are limited and available evidence on this shows that a proportion of patients experience impaired cognitive function over the course of participating in a Phase I trial. Links are identified between the targeted action of some novel therapies and putative mechanisms of cognitive impairment.ConclusionThe review provides rationale for research investigating cognitive function in this context. A study exploring the cognitive function of patients on Phase I trials and the feasibility of formally assessing this within early clinical trials is currently underway at the Royal Marsden.
Characteristics of convective precipitation over tropical Africa in storm‐resolving global simulations
Authors: Becker Tobias , Bechtold Peter , Sandu Irina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe analyse how the representation of deep convection affects the characteristics of convective precipitation over tropical Africa in global storm‐resolving simulations with the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS). The simulations consist in 48 hr forecasts initiated daily at 0000 UTC for a 40‐day period in August and September 2016, at 9 and 4 km resolution. We find that results agree best with the satellite retrieval Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multi‐satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) when a term for the integrated and scaled total advective moisture tendency is added to the convective instability closure. This allows for a better coupling of the convective parametrization to the mesoscale dynamics and improves precipitation intensity (increased), precipitating area fraction (decreased), the size of individual deep convective systems (decreased) and their propagation (westward), even though the duration of rain events remains underestimated. With explicit deep convection, the duration of rain events is more realistic, but precipitation intensity is significantly overestimated, and extreme rain events (>400 mmday) are three times more likely than in GPM IMERG, causing biases in the organization of deep convection. In particular, individual convective systems are too small, hindering the formation of mesoscale convective systems. These findings are also valid for two other regions: the Maritime Continent and the contiguous United States. Our results suggest that deep convection is not completely resolved at a resolution of 9 or even 4 km, and that some scale‐aware parametrization is still needed for global numerical weather prediction.
A case of pulmonary foreign body granuloma formation after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Murata Saori , Nakamura Morio , Sasada Shinji , Kirita Keisuke , Ishioka Kota , Takahashi Saeko , Usui Yusuke , Tsuchiya Yumi , Seki Reishi 
Published: October 2021

Key messageWe experienced a case of pulmonary foreign body granuloma diagnosed by bronchoscopy in a patient with multiple lung lesions after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma. We speculate that the lesions may be caused by transarterial migration of the materials used for TACE.
Observer‐based optimal adaptive control for multimotor driving servo systems
Authors: Hu Shuangyi , Ren Xuemei , Wang Minlin , Zheng Dongdong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn adaptive control strategy based on the optimal sliding surface is designed for multimotor driving servo systems in this article. By dividing the system into load subsystem and motor subsystem and decomposing the tracking performance index, the optimal control problem of a high‐order systems is simplified into a second‐order system optimal control problem. Then based on the decomposed performance indexes, the optimal sliding surfaces are determined by solving two algebraic Riccati equations. Combined with an adaptive gain, an optimal adaptive tracking controller is designed, which can reduce the settling time and the energy consumption with a small overshoot. In addition, to obtain the unmeasurable angular velocities of motors and the load, an leaky echo state network‐based observer is applied that ensures fast and accurate estimation. Furthermore, to solve the synchronization problem of the multimotor driving servo systems, the mean relative coupling synchronization controller is designed. The simulation and experimental results have demonstrated that the presented control scheme is effective.