bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease on Treatment Have Lower Rates of Celiac Disease
Authors: Alkhayyat Motasem , Abureesh Mohammad , Almomani Ashraf , Abou Saleh Mohannad , Zmaili Mohammad , El Ouali Sara , Mansoor Emad , Rubio-Tapia Alberto , Regueiro Miguel 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
The association between celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been studied; however, the impact of IBD therapy on celiac disease is not known. Using a large database, we sought to describe the association of celiac disease and IBD and the impact of IBD treatment.

Methods
We queried a large multicenter database (Explorys Inc.), an electronic health record data aggregate from 26 American health care systems. We identified a cohort of patients with celiac disease and IBD between 1999 and 2020 and conducted a statistical analysis using a multivariate model.

Results
Of the 72,965,940 individuals in the database, 133,400 had celiac disease (0.18%), 191,570 (0.26%) had ulcerative colitis (UC), and 230,670 (0.32%) had Crohn disease (CD). Patients with IBD were more likely to have a diagnosis of celiac disease (odds ratio [OR], 13.680), with a greater association with CD. Treated patients with UC and with CD, respectively, had a lower risk association with celiac disease compared to those not undergoing IBD treatment, specifically corticosteroids (OR, 0.407 and 0.585), 5-aminosalicylates (OR, 0.124 and 0.127), immunomodulators (OR, 0.385 and 0.425), and anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs (OR, 0.215 and 0.242). There was no lower risk association in the vedolizumab group, but there was a higher risk association among the ustekinumab group.

Conclusions
In this large dataset, we showed a bidirectional association between celiac disease and IBD that was stronger with CD. Patients with IBD treated using corticosteroids, 5-aminosalicylates, immunomodulators, or anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs had a lower association with celiac disease. Additional studies are required to determine the underlying mechanisms for IBD therapy–related modification of celiac disease incidence.
The Effectiveness and Safety of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Various Phenotypes of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Systematic Review With Meta-analysis
Authors: McCurdy Jeffrey , Siw Kevin Chin Koon , Kandel Rana , Larrigan Sarah , Rosenfeld Greg , Boet Sylvain 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) may be effective for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our systematic review aimed to quantify the effectiveness and safety of HBOT in various IBD phenotypes.MethodsWe performed a proportional meta-analysis. Multiple databases were systematically searched from inception through November 2020 without language restriction. We included studies that reported effectiveness and/or safety of HBOT in IBD. Weighted summary estimates with 95% confidence intervals (Cis) were calculated for clinical outcomes for each IBD phenotype using random-effects models. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane evaluation handbook and National Institute of Health criteria.ResultsNineteen studies with 809 patients total were eligible: 3 randomized controlled trials and 16 case series. Rates of clinical remission included 87% (95% CI, 10–100) for ulcerative colitis (n = 42), 88% (95% CI, 46–98) for luminal Crohn’s disease (CD, n = 8), 60% (95% CI, 40–76) for perianal CD (n = 102), 31% (95% CI, 16–50) for pouch disorders (n = 60), 92% (95% CI, 38–100) for pyoderma gangrenosum (n = 5), and 65% (95% CI, 10–97) for perianal sinus/metastatic CD (n = 7). Of the 12 studies that reported on safety, 15% of patients (n = 30) had minor adverse events. Study quality was low in the majority of studies due to an absence of comparator arms, inadequate description of concomitant interventions, and/or lack of objective outcomes.ConclusionsLimited high-quality evidence suggests that HBOT is safe and associated with substantial rates of clinical remission for multiple IBD phenotypes. Well-designed randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm the benefit of HBOT in IBD.
Tail Control Enhances Gliding in Arboreal Lizards: An Integrative Study Using a 3D Geometric Model and Numerical Simulation
Authors: Clark Jaden , Clark Christopher , Higham Timothy E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The ability to glide through an arboreal habitat has been acquired by several mammals, amphibians, snakes, lizards, and even invertebrates. Lizards of the genus Draco possess specialized morphological structures for gliding, including a patagium, throat lappets, and modified hindlimbs. Despite being among the most specialized reptilian gliders, it is currently unknown how Draco is able to maneuver effectively during flight. Here, we present a new computational method for characterizing the role of tail control on Draco glide distance and stability. We first modeled Draco flight dynamics as a function of gravitational, lift, and drag forces. Lift and drag estimates were derived from wind tunnel experiments of 3D printed models based on photos of Draco during gliding. Initial modeling leveraged the known mass and planar surface area of the Draco to estimate lift and drag coefficients. We developed a simplified, 3D simulation for Draco gliding, calculating longitudinal and lateral position and a pitch angle of the lizard with respect to a cartesian coordinate frame. We used PID control to model the lizards’ tail adjustment to maintain an angle of attack. Our model suggests an active tail improves both glide distance and stability in Draco. These results provide insight toward the biomechanics of Draco; however, future in vivo studies are needed to provide a complete picture for gliding mechanics of this genus. Our approach enables the replication and modification of existing gliders to better understand their performance and mechanics. This can be applied to extinct species, but also as a way of exploring the biomimetic potential of different morphological features.
Knowledge, attitude and practice of Malaysian healthcare professionals toward adverse drug reaction reporting: a systematic review
Authors: Balan Shamala 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective
Healthcare professionals have an important role in ensuring that adverse drug reactions are well documented and reported. The key determinants of adverse drug reactions reporting are the knowledge, attitude and practice of healthcare professionals. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to identify, critically evaluate and summarise the findings on the knowledge, attitude and practice of Malaysian healthcare professionals towards adverse drug reaction reporting.

Methods
Literature search using electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar and National Medical Research Register was conducted. Additional articles were identified by reviewing the bibliography of the retrieved articles. The articles were searched with any of the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms in the title: adverse drug reaction, attitude, awareness, behaviour, experience, knowledge, Malaysia, perspectives, pharmacovigilance, practice and view. Studies were selected based on fulfilment of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The articles were scrutinised using thematic analysis.

Key findings
Nine studies conducted among doctors, pharmacists and nurses met the inclusion criteria. Five themes emerged which included knowledge, attitude, practice, barriers and facilitators of adverse drug reaction reporting among healthcare professionals.

Conclusion
In general, healthcare professionals in Malaysia have good knowledge on and positive attitudes towards adverse drug reaction reporting. However, the practice of adverse drug reaction reporting was found to be unsatisfactory among healthcare professional in Malaysia. The approaches taken to enhance ADR reporting among Malaysian healthcare professionals should focus on alleviating lethargy and ignorance associated with ADR reporting.
Unusually High Concentration of Fentanyl in a Driver: A Case Report
Authors: Mata Dani C , Coleman Dan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A case of driving under the influence of drugs with an extremely high blood fentanyl concentration and concomitant use of methamphetamine is presented. As the increase of the appearance of fentanyl in drug seizures continues, the likelihood of tolerant users increases as well. Data presented on fentanyl in antemortem cases over time from several regions of North America show geographic differences on whether fentanyl concentrations are increasing. This case is an example of a blood concentration that could have been assumed to be fatal if presented on its own, a reminder that concentrations, especially those of opioids, must be interpreted with care.
Long-Term Stability of 13 Fentanyl Analogs in Blood
Authors: Palmquist Kaitlyn B , Swortwood Madeleine J 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Fentanyl analogs continue to play a major role in proliferating the opioid epidemic in the USA. With high rates of overdose deaths, forensic laboratories experience backlogs, which may lead to false-negative results due to drug instability. To address this issue, a quantitative method was validated for fentanyl analogs (3-methylfentanyl, 4-anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine (4-ANPP), 4-fluoro-isobutyrylfentanyl (4-FIBF), acetylfentanyl, acrylfentanyl, butyrylfentanyl, carfentanil, cyclopropylfentanyl, fentanyl, furanylfentanyl, methoxyacetylfentanyl, p-fluorofentanyl and valerylfentanyl) in blood using liquid chromatography–quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC–QTOF-MS) and used to assess long-term stability under various temperature conditions (–20°C, 4°C, ∼25°C and 35°C) for 9 months. Authentic specimens were also analyzed 6 months apart for applicability to postmortem blood. Method validation resulted in calibration ranges of 1–100 ng/mL and limits of detection of 0.5 ng/mL. Precision and bias were acceptable (within ±7.2% coefficient of variation (CV) and ±15.2%, respectively). Matrix effects exhibited ion enhancement for all analytes, except carfentanil and 4-ANPP in low-quality control (&gt;25%). For long-term stability, fentanyl analogs (except acrylfentanyl) remained stable under room temperature and refrigerated conditions at low and high concentrations (81.3–112.5% target) for 9 months. While most fentanyl analogs remained stable frozen, degradation was observed after 2 weeks (four freeze/thaw cycles). At elevated temperatures, most analytes were stable for 1 week (74.2–112.6% target). Acrylfentanyl was unstable after 24 h under elevated (70% loss) and room temperatures (53–60% loss), 48–72 h when refrigerated (28–40% loss) and 4 weeks when frozen (22% loss). In authentic bloods (n = 7), initial furanylfentanyl (FuF) and 4-ANPP concentrations were 1.1–3.6 and 1.4–6.4 ng/mL, respectively. Percentage loss of FuF and 4-ANPP over 6 months were 16.3–37.4% and 0.2–26.8%, respectively. Samples suspected to contain fentanyl analogs are recommended to be stored refrigerated or frozen with limited freeze/thaw cycles. Due to instability, in the event of an acrylfentanyl overdose, samples should be analyzed immediately or stored frozen with analysis within 1 month.
658 Early Interventions with Autologous Skin Cell Suspension Leads to Positive Outcomes
Authors: Kopari Nicole M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Following initial stabilization, the primary goal of burn care is rapid wound closure to restore the barrier function and mechanical integrity of the skin. Time to wound closure is an important consideration when establishing the treatment plan, with a goal of re-epithelialization by 21 days to reduce the risks of hypertrophic scars (HTS), however, new research suggests that HTS can occur when healing is achieved as early as day 8. Early treatment of deep partial-thickness burns with autologous skin cell suspension (ASCS) was implemented at our burn center to achieve early wound closure and decrease hospital length of stay (LOS).

Methods
An IRB-approved, retrospective chart review of patients admitted between January 2020 to July 2020 was completed to evaluate the effectiveness of ASCS when applied as an early treatment defined as within 3 days of injury. Burn patients were excluded with delayed presentation &gt;7 days, patients who only received ASCS to donor sites, and patients who died from unrelated comorbidities. Patients were excised to viable tissue. Patients with intact dermis were treated with ASCS. Patients without intact dermis were treated with ASCS and widely meshed autograft. Non-absorbent, small pore dressings were applied to the wound then covered with bismuth-petrolatum dressing, dry gauze, and compression bandage. Patients appropriate for discharge were followed-up in clinic for the first dressing change.

Results
Twenty-three patients were treated with ASCS utilizing this early intervention approach with 16 patients meeting inclusion criteria. Patients ranged from 15 months to 73 years of age and included 6 females and 10 males. The median total body surface area (TBSA) was 7.3% (range 2-23). Patients were taken for ASCS application between post burn day 0-3 (average 1.5). Average hospital LOS was 2.4 days. Operative dressings were removed between day 7-12 and &gt;90% re-epithelization was noted between day 7-18 (mean 11). The mean LOS/%TBSA was 0.3. No patients required re-operation for closure of their wounds or reconstructive interventions for scarring.

Conclusions
Early excision of deep partial-thickness burns with application of ASCS allowed for healing to be achieved in a timely fashion. Implementation of an early operative approach to burn care allowed for a decrease in LOS and a decreased overall number of dressing changes.
Ground Cover Management in Olive Groves Reduces Populations ofPhilaenus spumarius(Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae), Vector ofXylella fastidiosa
Authors: Sanna Francesco , Mori Nicola , Santoiemma Giacomo , D’Ascenzo Domenico , Scotillo Maria Assunta , Marini Lorenzo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPhilaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae) is considered the main vector of Xylella fastidiosa (Wells Raju et al. 1986) (Xathomonadales: Xanthomonadaceae), agent of the Olive Quick Decline Syndrome in Southern Europe. To limit the spread of the disease, it is of primary importance to identify effective control measures against the vector. Besides chemical control, cultural practices could potentially help reducing vector activity and population density. Here, we tested the effectiveness of three different ground cover management practices in controlling vector populations in olive groves in the Abruzzo region (Central Italy). We compared tillage (two tillage operations in spring followed by two cuts in summer), frequent mowing (four cuts from spring to summer) and a control (two cuts in summer) by sampling vectors both in the ground vegetation and in the tree canopy. In late spring, after the peak of the population, tillage reduced P. spumarius density by 60%, while frequent mowing only reduced the density by 20% compared to control plots. The differences tended to disappear with time. The treatments had the same effect on the vector density in both the ground vegetation and tree canopy. The vectors were more concentrated in the ground cover at the beginning of the season while in summer both the canopy and ground vegetation had the same vector density. Our findings suggest that tillage is a viable option for the containment of P. spumarius, as frequent mowing did not achieve sufficient control efficacy.
The Mortality and Overall Survival Trends of Primary Liver Cancer in the United States
Authors: Lee Yi-Te , Wang Jasmine J , Luu Michael , Noureddin Mazen , Kosari Kambiz , Agopian Vatche G , Rich Nicole E , Lu Shelly C , Tseng Hsian-Rong , Nissen Nicholas N , Singal Amit G , Yang Ju Dong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Recent trends of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality and outcome remain unknown in the United States. We investigated the recent trends of primary liver cancer (excluding intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma) mortality and HCC stage, treatment, and overall survival (OS) in the United States.

Methods
The National Center for Health Statistics Database was analyzed to investigate the trend of primary liver cancer mortality. We analyzed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 18 Database to assess the temporal trend of tumor size, stage, treatment, and OS of HCC. We investigated the association between HCC diagnosis year and OS using Cox regression analysis. All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results
During 2000-2018, liver cancer mortality rates increased until 2013, plateaued during 2013-2016 (annual percent change = 0.1%/y, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −2.1%/y to 2.4%/y, P = .92), and started to decline during 2016-2018 (annual percent change = −1.5%/y, 95% CI = −3.2%/y to 0.2%/y, P = .08). However, mortality continues to increase in American Indian and Alaska Native, individuals aged 65 years or older, and in 33 states. There was a 0.61% (95% CI = 0.53% to 0.69%, P &lt; .001) increase in localized stage HCC and a 0.86-mm (95% CI = −1.10 to −0.62 mm, P &lt; .001) decrease in median tumor size per year. The 1-year OS rate increased from 36.3% (95% CI = 34.3% to 38.3%) to 58.1% (95% CI = 56.9% to 59.4%) during 2000-2015, and the 5-year OS rate almost doubled from 11.7% (95% CI = 10.4% to 13.1%) to 21.3% (95% CI = 20.2% to 22.4%) during 2000-2011. Diagnosis year (per year) (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.96 to 0.97) was independently associated with OS in multivariable analysis.

Conclusions
Primary liver cancer mortality rates have started to decline in the United States with demographic and state-level variation. With an increasing detection of localized HCC, the OS of HCC has improved over the past decades.
Isolated bladder metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Zaghbib Selim , Chakroun Marouene , Saadi Ahmed , Boussaffa Hamza , Znaidi Nadia , Rammeh Soumaya , Ayed Haroun , Chebil Mohamed 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Cancers of extra bladder origin represent between 2 and 12% of bladder neoplasms and are most often secondary to contiguous bladder invasion. Metastasis from distant organs is exceptional, especially from pulmonary adenocarcinoma with &lt;10 cases identified over the last 20 years. We report here a new case of a 55-year-old patient with a recently diagnosed pulmonary adenocarcinoma referred to the urology department for macroscopic hematuria. Computed tomography scan showed, in addition to the lung mass of the right lower lobe with a right mediastinal adenopathy, a thickening of the right lateral bladder wall. Cystoscopy showed inflammatory lesions on the bladder mucosa, which biopsy with immunohistochemical examination revealed to be tumoral proliferation in the lamina propria realizing the same immunohistochemical profile of the primary lung tumor (CK7+/TTF1+/CK20−/PSA−). The patient was treated with palliative platinum-based chemotherapy and unfortunately died 5 months after diagnosis.
Population III binary black holes: effects of convective overshooting on formation of GW190521
Authors: Tanikawa Ataru , Kinugawa Tomoya , Yoshida Takashi , Hijikawa Kotaro , Umeda Hideyuki 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
GW190521 is a merger of two black holes (BHs), wherein at least one BH lies within the pair-instability (PI) mass gap, and it is difficult to form because of the effects of PI supernovae and pulsational PI (PPI). In this study, we examined the formation of GW190521-like BH-BHs under Population (Pop) III environments by binary population synthesis calculations. We reveal that convective overshooting in stellar evolution strongly affects the formation of GW190521-like BH-BHs. A model with a small overshoot parameter (similar to GENEC) can form GW190521-like BH-BHs. The derived merger rate is 4 × 10−2 yr−1 Gpc−3 at a redshift of ∼0.82, which is comparable to the merger rate of GW190521-like BH-BHs inferred by gravitational wave (GW) observations. In this model, a ∼90 M⊙ star collapses to form a ∼90 M⊙ BH by avoiding PPI and PISN even if it is a member of a binary star. This is because it expands up to 102 R⊙, and lose only little mass through binary evolution. However, a model with a large overshoot parameter (similar to Stern) cannot form GW190521-like BH-BHs at all. Thus, we cannot conclude that a Pop III binary system is the origin of GW190521 because determination of the overshoot parameter involves highly uncertain. If a Pop III binary system is the origin of GW190521, the merger rate of BH-BHs including a 100–135 M⊙ BH is substantially smaller than that of GW190521-like BH-BHs. This will be assessed by GW observations in the near future.
Inconsistencies arising from the coupling of galaxy formation sub-grid models to pressure-smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Authors: Borrow Josh , Schaller Matthieu , Bower Richard G 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a Lagrangian method for solving the fluid equations that is commonplace in astrophysics, prized for its natural adaptivity and stability. The choice of variable to smooth in SPH has been the topic of contention, with smoothed pressure (P-SPH) being introduced to reduce errors at contact discontinuities relative to smoothed density schemes. Smoothed pressure schemes produce excellent results in isolated hydrodynamics tests; in more complex situations however, especially when coupling to the ‘sub-grid’ physics and multiple time-stepping used in many state-of-the-art astrophysics simulations, these schemes produce large force errors that can easily evade detection as they do not manifest as energy non-conservation. Here, two scenarios are evaluated: the injection of energy into the fluid (common for stellar feedback) and radiative cooling. In the former scenario, force and energy conservation errors manifest (of the same order as the injected energy), and in the latter large force errors that change rapidly over a few time-steps lead to instability in the fluid (of the same order as the energy lost to cooling). Potential ways to remedy these issues are explored with solutions generally leading to large increases in computational cost. Schemes using a density-based formulation do not create these instabilities and as such it is recommended that they are preferred over pressure-based solutions when combined with an energy diffusion term to reduce errors at contact discontinuities.