bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jet fans as Stratified Tunnel Fire Suppressants
Authors: Chawla Shriya Kaur , Malhotra Vinayak 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The very first tunnel was developed about 4000 years ago and since then the art of tunnelling has evolved to a great extent. With advancement in the field of science and technology tunnels have grown from a mere defence strategy to something that can carve its way to places that were once unapproachable. However, there are various problems associated with tunnels that are yet to be addressed, fires being one of the major ones. Astonishingly, 70% of deaths during a fire are caused by smoke inhalation and only 30% of deaths are the result of the fire. Every year an enormous amount of money, effort and time is put into research to prevent such fires and minimize the damage it causes and yet no significant result has been obtained till now. This is primarily because of the diversified nature of fires which results in heterogeneous heat and mass transfer. A jet fan is mechanism that can extract smoke quickly, safely, and efficiently. The present work focuses on testing the effectiveness of Jet fans to suppress these fires and minimize the accumulation of smoke, thereby bringing down the number of deaths to a significant amount. In this paper, a numerical study is carried out using FDS SMV. Multiple parameters such as HRRPUA, volume flow rate, etc. are varied and the corresponding change in the temperature, velocity, the heat generated, etc. is observed. The key controlling parameters are taken and varied proportionally to see how each one affects the performance of the jet fans. Consequently, a conceptual design has been proposed specifically for tunnel fires. This study aims to understand the potency of jet fans with changes in various parameters and to utilize them effectively to suppress not just tunnel fires but also building fires, fires in aviation etc.
Modelling, dynamic simulation and parametric studies of double pass solar air heater for solar drying application
Authors: Vishnu N , John Milan K , Rohinikumar B , Muraleedharan C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Solar air heater (SAH) is an integral component of many solar energy systems which converts the incident solar irradiation into thermal energy by air flowing through it. The present study addresses the modelling and simulation of dynamic performance of a double-pass SAH and predicts the effect of different geometric and operating parameters on the performance of air heater. Mathematical models are developed from the first principles to simulate the dynamic performance of the air heater. The number of glazings, nature of absorber plate and aperture height are the different geometric parameters and mass flow rate is the operating parameter considered to conduct the parametric study in the present work. Simulation predictions infer that the optimum performance of the air heater is obtained for double glazing V-corrugated absorber geometry when aperture height and mass flow rate are 0.05m and 0.025kg/s, respectively. The peak plate temperature, exit temperature and efficiency of the heater are predicted for optimum condition as 353.47 K, 346.23 K and 85.50%, respectively. Further, the performance of the heater for different mass flow rates is simulated.
Computation of three - dimensional transonic flow fields over a three - body launch vehicle configuration for low angle of attack conditions
Authors: Siva Krishna Reddy D , Shah Pradip 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The present work aims at the prediction of shock wave position on the heat shield region of a three body launch vehicle in transonic region. The launch vehicle consists of a cylindrical core body and two boosters. The core body is made of a spherical nose, followed by a cone and heat shield region which is a flat surface. The heat shield is followed by a boat tail. Simulations are performed with commercial CFD package, ANSYS –FLUENT. Reynolds stresses are computed using the k-ω SST turbulence model. Explicit time integration is used to obtain steady-state solutions. A structured grid over the vehicle is generated using ICEMCFD software. In the near-wall region of the launch vehicle fine mesh is employed to capture the boundary layer. Simulations are performed for angle of attacks (AOA) 0° and 4° for Mach number 0.95. The computed nose stagnation pressure compared with the isentropic relations and deviation found to be .067%. A standing normal shock wave is observed for AOA 0 whereas an oblique shock wave is observed for angle of attack 4°. The predicted flow structure in terms of density distribution is compared with experimental schlieren images. The predictions captured essential flow features such as expansion around the conical part, boundary layer over the heat shield, shock wave on the heat shield, and flow separation in the boat tail region. The predicted flow structure and shock wave position for AOA O matched well with the experiments. However, for AOA 4°, the deviation between flow structure and shock position is noticed. Possible reasons for the deviation are explained.
Performance analysis of pine oil with benzyl as additives in direct compression ignition engine
Authors: Sharath Shree Vathsan M K , Dinesh J , Karthikeyan S , Srimas Rovan , Arul Kumar S , Mathanraj V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fossil fuels supply 84% of world’s energy. Almost of the world’s population are persuaded in using of fossil fuels as a primary fuel where mostly Petroleum and Diesel are used as a major requirement in automobiles. Diesel engine are mostly preferred for heavy transportation and agriculture sectors for carrying enormous loads because of high work efficiency and low cost-setup. The properties of Diesel helps us physically with its Density, low viscosity, low flash point (>52*C), increased evaporation time and compression ratio of 14:1 to 25:1. With increasing usage of natural resources which are non-renewable shortage occurs with increase in Demand and pricing fluctuation in the fuel market. With all the problems faced researchers are working in finding an alternate fuel with same properties of fossil fuels. Some basic properties are Brake thermal value, viscosity of the fuel, density, specific gravity of fuel, flash point, self-ignition temperature, vapour pressure, compression ratio and more. Introducing Benzyl alcohol blending with pine oil and Diesel acting as base fuel with mixture in quantities starting with Diesel, B40, B60, B80, B40+5%, B60+5%, B80+5%, B40+10%, B60+10%, B80+10% total of 10 different values and calculating the outputs of BTE and BSFC.With loads 1.14, 2.28, 3.42, 4.56 applied on the engine. This paper concludes the work of Benzyl alcohol as fuel blends with Diesel and Pine oil which helps in increase in performance of BTE and BSFC with direct injection of the blends and their corresponding properties are studied at different loads in a Single Intake Direct Compression Ignition Engine (C224).
Experimental investigation on effects of gasoline premixed - Al2O3 additive blended fish oil biodiesel fuelled HCCI-DI engine
Authors: Lionus Leo G M , Thodda Gavaskar , Murugapoopathi S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A HCCI-DI engine is examined using fish oil bio-fuel at various proportions with neat diesel in DI fuels and petrol as the pilot energy. 20% of petrol is admitted as premixed fuel and the 80% of the charge is injected straight away to chamber at 23°bTDC. The effect of Al2O3 nano additive on DI engine is also investigated. An investigational observation is analysed with DI engine. First, HCCI-DI engine firing is compared at premature stage of combustion. Upto 1.84% improvements in the brake thermal efficiency is witnessed at petrol mixed HCCI-DI engine compared as DI combustion. The blending of Al2O3 nano additive showed 5.88% increase in the performance of the engine. Significant reduction in NOx is observed from the HCCI-DI ignition matched via DI combustion. Fish oil biodiesel fuelled combustion showed decrease in the HC besides CO issues
Effect of camphor oil on a plastic pyrolysis oil fueled DI diesel engine
Authors: Kasiraman G , Manoharan Ankit , Chethan Sai M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Plastics, as we know have become almost impossible to dispose in today’s times and their use is consistently on the rise. Because of its high heating value and availability, plastic waste can be used as a source of energy. Pyrolysis process will turn this plastic into oil, which can then be employed as fuel in IC engines to generate heat and power. The use of neat plastic pyrolysis oil in a DI engine will result in low BTE and more incomplete combustion. This is due to its high viscosity. This issue can be solved by blending the PPO with camphor oil. The properties of the plastic pyrolysis oil (PPO) were examined and it was found to be similar to diesel. The two fuels were run separately on a 4 stroke, direct injection, single cylinder, diesel engine with a rated power of 5.2 kW at 1500 rpm and a CR of 17.5. The PPO was then blended with camphor oil at 5%, 10%, and 15% by volume and the combustion, emission and performance characteristics studied. It was found that the PPO85C15 blend had the highest brake thermal efficiency and the lowest HC emissions.
Experimental investigation of hot water assisted solar air collector
Authors: Dwivedi Shubham , Baghel Ayush Singh , Sudhakar P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A solar flat plate collector is a device that converts the solar radiation energy from the sun into heat energy. A solar flat plate collector was designed and fabricated. The solar air collector has an absorbing plate of 1m × 0.06m area made up of galvanized iron. Outer frame of collector is fabricated with plywood. It is painted black using metal paint in order to increase its heat absorbing capacity. In order to increase the heating efficiency of the collector a serpentine coil of copper pipe is welded to the bottom of the absorber plate through which hot water is passed. Efficiency of solar flat plate collector was increased by 15.58% using this method.
Freezing characteristics in finned LDPE spherical capsule
Authors: Premnath D , Vamsi V B , Tomar Manu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe current research examines the findings of the freezing features of PCM in an LDPE spherical capsule fitted with and without fins. De-ionized water is used as phase change material to store energy in form of latent heat. Four fins of length 14mm are inserted in LDPE spherical capsule of same dimension. The effect of fins on the freezing time has been analyzed at various heat transfer fluid temperatures. The experimental results indicated that 50% of the mass of PCM has frozen in 21% and 16% of freezing time with the help of fins when compared to LDPE capsule without fins at -6°C and -9°C bath temperatures. There is not a significant reduction in total freezing time for LDPE spherical capsule with inclusion of fins at all the bath temperatures. A marginal increase in surface heat flux value is observed in case of LDPE finned spherical capsule. Along with heat transfer enhancers, the container material’s thermal conductivity is critical in increasing the freezing rate of PCM.
Experimental analysis of agricultural solar dryer
Authors: Ravikumar Solomon G , Ilayaperumal K , Balaji R , Chellappa B 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe drying process is simply the moisture extraction process of a product. It can be achieved with different approaches. In these processes, thermal drying is most widely used for drying agricultural products. This drying systems are normally divided into low and high temperature dryers according to their working temperature levels. In low temperature drying systems, natural-circulation greenhouse model dryers seem the most desirable method for use in remote regions. There are operationally and competitive economically to natural open sun drying. Here solar collector of dimensions (1.25m×1m×0.2m) with area of 1.25m2has been painted black to absorb solar radiation and the solar drying cabinet that is divided into 3 number divisions separated by four removable shelves. Each shelf is 0.3m wide and 0.5m in length and is composed of a wooden boundary framed nylon wire mesh. For loading and unloading purposes, both sides of the drying chamber walls are sealed with wood and a shutter on the back. During this research, grapes were dried. In the four days after drying, the grapes’ moisture content was decreased from 81.7% to 36.7%. The drying air flows naturally through the commodity. The operating modes are discussed in this research. The results were discussed for designed solar agricultural dryer. Also it involves with the design and fabrication of agriculture solar dryer that can be manufactured in rural areas in an economic way.
Effect of pitch angle in the performance of wind turbine using numerical techniques
Authors: Sathiyamoorthy K , Naveen Kumar G , Allenki Rohith 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The study of performance on the Darrieus turbine is an emerging topic using many techniques to make it improve the performance up to the industrial standard. The angle of air received at the leading edge of the aerodynamic wind blade influencing the performance of the turbine. Every instant of the angle of air varying each blade due to the rotating motion of the turbine. The objective of this paper is to determine the optimum pitch angle using the Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation technique in Ansys 18.1, where the sliding mesh technique is used. The geometry of the blade is taken from the previous literature which is used to verify the results. The various pitch angles are chosen from -6° to +6°. The coefficient of the moment is calculated using K-epsilon SST 2 equation model. The graph is plotted between TSR and the coefficient of performance of various pitch angle for optimization purpose.
Experimental investigations on the performance and emission characteristics of a biodiesel fuelled engine using nanoparticles
Authors: Rajasekar V , Pattnaik P K , Sarkar P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Experiment was conducted to identify the performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel with Graphene Oxide (GO) nanoparticle as an additive. The performance and emission characteristics of Rice Bran oil biodiesel (B100) with addition of graphene nanoparticle was studied and compared with diesel values by using “Enginesoft” software. Experiment was conducted in four phases by using DI engine. The engine was tested with four types of fuels i.e., Diesel, Rice Bran Oil Biodiesel (B100), Rice Bran Oil with Graphene Nanoparticle 50ppm (B100G50), Rice Bran Oil with Graphene Nanoparticle 100ppm (B100G100). The emission characteristics of the experiment resulted in decrease in NOx emissions by 7.5 %, HC Hexane emission by around 15 % and increase of CO emissions by 2.3 %. After successful validation of numerical study of the emission characteristics of the experiment, the combustion characteristics using the same fuels were verified. In the numerical study of performance characteristics, it is found that, BSFC (Brake specific fuel combustion) increases by almost 56.32% and BTE (Brake thermal efficiency) decreased by 11.78 % when pure Biodiesel (B100) was used. The combustion characteristics showed an increase in increase in peak cylinder pressure with a decrease in ignition delay period when pure RBO biodiesel (B100) and its nanoparticle blends were used (B100G50 and B100G100).
A study of the manufacture of fiber aluminum laminates reinforced with glass and the effect of interfacial adhesive bonding on the impact’s behavior
Authors: Sankaramoorthy T , Sivakrishna M , Sridhar K P , Sridhar U , Sri Keshaav J S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fibre metal laminates (FMLs) are worthy competitors for forefront flying essential because of their high express mechanical properties. They are suitable for a variety of applications, especially the exhaustion check. The concrete holding between the aluminium and FRP layers is the most critical factor in collecting these covers. This research looked at, two glass-fibre-reinforced aluminium (GLARE) overlays with different holding bonds were created. The effects of interfacial concrete hanging on the sway lead of these covers were then analyzed using drop weight sway based on tests the D7136 ASTM standard. It was discovered that the amount of damage is more critical in covers with poor interfacial performance grasp than in covers with a strong bond between the aluminium and glass layers. Similarly, FMLs with excellent grasp holding exhibit better resistance to low-speed sway, and their contrasting contact powers are approximately 25% higher than those of models with poor grasp holding. Similarly, most significant central redirections in covers with a strong grasp are approximately 30% lower than in FMLs with a weak grasp.
Investigation on design, analysis and topological optimization of hydraulic scissor lift
Authors: Arunkumar G , Kartheeshwaran R , J Siva 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A pressure driven scissor lift is a mechanical gadget utilized for different purposes for hoisting of the heaps to a tallness or certain level. In this scissor lift there is a table that is used to mound, hoist, pass on and additionally move material in the middle at least two heights. The fundamental goal of the gadgets utilized for hoisting settle is to make the table movable to an ideal stature. In this venture we advanced the heaviness of the base and top of the scissor lift by utilizing I-outline structure and utilized regenerative technique to lessen weight in pole. Scissor lift gives most financial trustworthy and adaptable techniques for lifting loads. The edge is durable and sufficient with expansion in underlying respectability. A different stature scissor lift is comprised of at least two leg sets. It is dissected and advanced utilizing Autodesk Fusion 360° and FE investigation.
Experimental investigation on performance of a light weight solar receiver of a parabolic dish concentrator
Authors: Thirunavukkarasu V , Issa Obada Omar , Sai Pulivarthi Venkata , Vishnu Karthik Tadikalapudi Sri 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The need to extract maximum energy from renewable resources has become quite significant in day-to-day life. Solar energy is an essential source to meet the ever-increasing demand for energy today and the potential ways are to use efficient solar dish concentrators. In the present work, an external type solar receiver in the form of spiral tube is developed with mild steel material and tested with Scheffler type parabolic dish concentrator. The experimental performance analysis is performed in the real atmospheric conditions and the energy efficiency of the receiver in open loop circulation mode is studied for a whole day. Water is used as the heat transferring fluid with 2 LPM as the flow rate. The receiver showed an average thermal energy efficiency of 43.7% with a peak value of 47% during a sunny day with average beam radiation of 743 W/m2 for a HTF flow rate of 2 LPM. The result shows that this receiver has potential to be used in the solar powered process heating application in the temperature range 30°C to 100°C.
Influence of loading cycle time on the performance of hydraulic excavator in a construction site
Authors: Balaraaman Pradeep , Chandrasekaran P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study presents the effect of hydraulic excavator model, loading operation location, loading cycle time, loading cycle fuel consumption and productivity in a construction site. The loading cycle time was used to assess the loading system performance which is one of the key components of the total cycle time for soil transportation in a construction site. Loading is among the mechanisms of cycle time during which material is being controlled. The data investigated from GEC expresses that 108,000 cubic meter loading can be executed per month involving shifts for 3 excavators. An excavator alone can load up to 216,000 cubic meter, it is evaluated using loading cycle time data for a period of 4 months, between December to March. By soil exploration it is identified that Alluvium and marl limestone exist on the top and nodular limestone at the bottom of the mountain. It was seen that stacking process duration relies upon backhoe size and model, area and truck being stacked. Normal stacking process duration arrangement were utilized to distinguish contrasts in execution under various circumstances. It very well may be inferred that shift accessibility for earthmovers, stacking area and backhoe model blends unequivocally influence the efficiency during the stacking interaction in a building site. And there are few methods to lower fuel consumption by leading a comprehensive analysis of the components involving a hydraulic excavator during loading cycle.
Development of diagnosis model based on intersecting fuzzy sets method
Authors: Korovin E N , Nazarenko E A , Novikova E I , Sergeeva M A , Kondaurova E V 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article discusses one of the approaches to the analysis and decision-making on the patients with thyroid diseases diagnosis, based on a multi-criteria method - the method of fuzzy alternatives sets. The paper provides a theoretical analysis of the situation in the world in the field of endocrine diseases and the rationale for the method choice. The advantage of using the fuzzy sets intersection method in the field of medicine is shown. A visual calculation of the case with the input data of the patient was carried out and the diagnosis was derived. Calculations were carried out in the same way with a test sample of patients. Based on the results, high predictive abilities were obtained for using the model. Mathematical models were derived, which can later be implemented in information and software that increases the efficiency of the myocardial infarction complications predicting process. The implementation of the developed system will allow medical organizations to increase the efficiency and accuracy of patients’ preliminary diagnostics.
Computational method for increasing the accuracy of determining coordinates
Authors: Levchenko V A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The article discusses a computing system for determining the location of an object by using satellite monitoring in real time with high accuracy. The computing system proposed by the authors is based on the determination of triple phase differences. High coordinate accuracy is ensured by entering additional data, such as tropospheric and ionospheric models. The resulting system is currently being tested.
Two-stage incidents prediction in heat supply systems using gradient boosting
Authors: Akhvaev A A , Shurshev V F , Nosikovsky N A 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Information technologies usage in heat supply sphere has an important role to solve accidents problems in heat networks. Heat networks are accidents (incidents) sources. Accident situation predicting in heat supply systems will make it possible to rationally finance incidents prevention funds. AI is the tool for predicting accidents. Modern AI methods and algorithms allow to solve many technical systems problems. Research area has a data bank that allows to forecast heat networks accidents. Gradient boosting and production rules were chosen as basic methods.
Fuzzy Extension of Simplified variant of AHP
Authors: Noghin V D 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A class of methods for ranking a finite set of objects based on a multiplicative matrix of pairwise comparisons, when the comparison results are expressed by fuzzy values, is considered. A fuzzy extension of the simplified version of the AHP, which was introduced by the author earlier, is proposed. In this extension, the elements of the matrix of pairwise comparisons can be type 1 or type 2 fuzzy numbers.