bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Longest Persistence of Viable SARS-CoV-2 With Recurrence of Viremia and Relapsing Symptomatic COVID-19 in an Immunocompromised Patient—A Case Study
Authors: Sepulcri Chiara , Dentone Chiara , Mikulska Malgorzata , Bruzzone Bianca , Lai Alessia , Fenoglio Daniela , Bozzano Federica , Bergna Annalisa , Parodi Alessia , Altosole Tiziana , Delfino Emanuele , Bartalucci Giulia , Orsi Andrea , Di Biagio Antonio , Zehender Gianguglielmo , Ballerini Filippo , Bonora Stefano , Sette Alessandro , De Palma Raffaele , Silvestri Guido , De Maria Andrea , Bassetti Matteo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Immunocompromised patients show prolonged shedding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in nasopharyngeal swabs. We report a case of prolonged persistence of viable SARS-CoV-2 associated with clinical relapses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a patient with mantle cell lymphoma who underwent treatment with rituximab, bendamustine, cytarabine with consequent lymphopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia.

Methods
Nasopharyngeal swabs and blood samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). On 5 positive nasopharyngeal swabs, we performed viral culture and next-generation sequencing. We analyzed the patient’s adaptive and innate immunity to characterize T- and NK-cell subsets.

Results
SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs samples remained positive for 268 days. All 5 performed viral cultures were positive, and genomic analysis confirmed a persistent infection with the same strain. Viremia resulted positive in 3 out of 4 COVID-19 clinical relapses and cleared each time after remdesivir treatment. The T- and NK-cell dynamic was different in aviremic and viremic samples, and no SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies were detected throughout the disease course.

Conclusions
In our patient, SARS-CoV-2 persisted with proven infectivity for &gt;8 months. Viremia was associated with COVID-19 relapses, and remdesivir treatment was effective in viremia clearance and symptom remission, although it was unable to clear the virus from the upper respiratory airways. During the viremic phase, we observed a low frequency of terminal effector CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood; these are probably recruited in inflammatory tissue for viral eradication. In addition, we found a high level of NK-cell repertoire perturbation with relevant involvement during SARS-CoV-2 viremia.
Dupilumab: a new contestant to corticosteroid in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Green O’Neil 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a disease characterized by severe disability with recurrent wheezing and shortness of breath. The current recommended therapy is daily oral corticosteroids +/− oral antifungal therapy. Despite this, many patients continue to have severe symptoms, and others require fairly high daily oral corticosteroid dosing to achieve control, which in turn may induce the well-known effects of long term steroid use. The anti-interleukin drugs have been reported to help improve daily symptoms and reduce steroid requirements. Much of the literature highlights the benefit of omalizumab. We present a case of dupilumab as add-on therapy in a patient with ABPA, which allowed us to reduce daily steroid dosage.
Morphology, vocalizations, and mitochondrial DNA suggest that the Graceful Prinia is two species
Authors: Alström Per , Rasmussen Pamela C , Xia Canwei , Zhang Lijun , Liu Chengyi , Magnusson Jesper , Shafaeipour Arya , Olsson Urban 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Prinias (Cisticolidae: Prinia) are resident warblers of open areas across Africa and Asia and include many polytypic species whose species limits have not been seriously reevaluated recently. Based on an integrative taxonomic analysis of morphology, song, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), we suggest that 2 species should be recognized in the Graceful Prinia (Prinia gracilis) complex. In addition, our morphological analyses show the existence of a well-marked undescribed form in southeastern Somalia, which we name herein as a new subspecies. Prinia gracilis is a small, drab, long-tailed species with streaking above and plain pale underparts that has been suggested to fall into 2 groups: the southwestern nominate group (from Egypt to Oman) and the northeastern lepida group (from Turkey through India). However, the characters presented to justify this grouping are variable and show a mosaic pattern, and whether genetic and vocal differences exist is unknown. We found consistent between-group song differences, with the nominate group giving consistently longer inter-phrase intervals, whereas the members of the lepida group sing an essentially continuous reel. An mtDNA tree suggests a deep split between the nominate and lepida groups, with a coalescence time between these clades of ~ 2.2 million years ago. Vocal and mtDNA analyses provided evidence that the northeastern Arabian Peninsula taxon carpenteri belongs to the lepida group. We found that, of all the morphological characters proposed, only proportions and tail barring and spotting relatively consistently distinguish the 2 groups. However, these characters strongly suggest that the eastern Arabian Peninsula is populated by taxa of both the gracilis and lepida groups, in different areas, but we lack genetic and bioacoustic data to corroborate this. Although further study is needed in potential contact zones, we suggest that 2 species should be recognized in the P. gracilis complex, and we propose the retention of the English name Graceful Prinia for P. gracilis sensu stricto, while we suggest that P. lepida be known as Delicate Prinia.
A machine-learning method to derive the parameters of contact binaries
Authors: Ding Xu , Ji Kai-Fan , Li Xu-Zhi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Contact binary stars are important research objects in astrophysics. The calculation speed of deriving the parameters of contact binaries with the Wilson–Devinney program and the Phoebe with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) program is relatively slow. It is unrealistic to derive the parameters in batches with the program for sky survey data. We obtain a neural network model of supervised learning with the training of synthetic light curves with Phoebe. We calculate the parameters of eight special targets from the simulated data and the Kepler data. Then, we generate the new light curve to fit the light curve of the special target base on these parameters. The correlation index R2 of the fitting result is more than 0.98. The method can be used to fit the target which has orbital inclinations greater than 50°. By fitting the Kepler data and the observed data on the ground, the method has a good generalization ability to these targets, which have some noise and some starspots. The calculation speed of one light curve with this method is less than seconds. We can derive the parameters quickly in batches to undertake some statistical work for sky survey data with the method.
L’évaluation et la prise en charge des allergies alimentaires non induites par les IgE
Authors: Abrams Elissa M , Hildebrand Kyla J , Chan Edmond S 
Published: April 2021

Résumé
Le syndrome d’entérocolite induite par les protéines alimentaires et la proctocolite allergique induite par les protéines alimentaires sont les principaux types d’allergies alimentaires non induites par les immunoglobines E. Le syndrome d’entérocolite induit par les protéines alimentaires se manifeste par des vomissements réfractaires tardifs, tandis que la proctocolite allergique induite par les protéines alimentaires se révèle par une hématochézie chez des nourrissons autrement en santé. La prise en charge immédiate du syndrome d’entérocolite induite par les protéines alimentaires inclut la réhydratation, l’ondansétron ou ces deux traitements, mais est inutile pour soigner la proctocolite allergique induite par les protéines alimentaires. À long terme, il faut éviter l’aliment déclencheur pour prendre en charge ces deux affections, dont le pronostic est un fort taux de résolution au bout de quelques années.
Lisez, parlez, chantez : la promotion de l’alphabétisation précoce dans le milieu de la santé
Authors: Shaw Alyson 
Published: April 2021

Résumé
Le présent document de principes aidera les dispensateurs de soins à évaluer l’alphabétisation précoce dans les familles et à leur donner des conseils, et ce, dans presque tous les contextes d’exercice. On y définit les habiletés d’alphabétisation émergente, y compris l’apprentissage précoce du langage et des récits oraux, et on y explore les bienfaits de la lecture, de la parole et de la chanson auprès des nourrissons et des tout-petits, tant pour eux que pour les adultes qui en sont responsables. La lecture partagée au coucher et d’autres habitudes liées au langage ont un effet positif sur la santé familiale, relationnelle et socioaffective. L’exposition précoce à la langue parlée à la maison peut contribuer à l’alphabétisation dans les autres langues auxquelles l’enfant pourrait être exposé. On y trouve enfin des recommandations particulières pour les cliniciens qui conseillent les familles en matière d’alphabétisation précoce.
Poisson–Lie T-plurality for WZW backgrounds
Authors: Sakatani Yuho 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Poisson–Lie $T$-plurality constructs a chain of supergravity solutions from a Poisson–Lie symmetric solution. We study the Poisson–Lie $T$-plurality for supergravity solutions with $H$-flux, which are not Poisson–Lie symmetric but admit non-Abelian isometries, £$_{v_a}g_{mn}=0$ and £$_{v_a}H_3=0$ with £$_{v_a}B_2\neq 0$. After introducing the general procedure, we study the Poisson–Lie $T$-plurality for two Wess–Zumino–Witten backgrounds, AdS$_3$ with $H$-flux and the Nappi–Witten background.
Voting Right? Analyzing Electoral Homonationalism of LGBTIQ* Voters in Austria and Germany
Authors: Hunklinger Michael , Ajanović Edma 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Gender and sexuality have become increasingly relevant issues for right-wing populist parties. This article analyzes political attitudes of lesbian, gay, bi, trans*, inter, and queer (LGBTIQ*) voters of right-wing populist parties in local elections in Vienna (Austria) and Berlin (Germany). Right-wing LGBTIQ* voters display similar negative attitudes toward migrants, women, and other sexual minorities as the right-wing parties Alternative für Deutschland and Freiheitliche Partei Österreich they vote for. We argue that this “electoral homonationalism” is a bridge from the nationalist discourse of parties and political groups to the voting behavior of the electorate.
Drug induced oral erythema multiforme
Authors: Asif Shaik Mohamed , Shamsudeen Shaik Mohamed , Assiri Khalil Ibrahim , Muburak Hussain Mohammed Al , Kaleem Sultan Mohammed , Khan Abdul Ahad , Shariff Mansoor 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Introduction:
Drug induced oral erythema multiforme a rare clinical entity which involves only the lips and oral mucosa without skin involvement. These lesions are difficult in diagnosing with other oral ulcerative lesions with similar clinical manifestations.

Patient concerns:
This article presents 2 case reports of Oral erythema multiforme in which drugs were the precipitating factor. Its etiopathogenesis, differential diagnosis and treatment modalities of the disease is discussed.

Diagnosis:
Based on patient's complaints, drug history and clinical appearance, provisional diagnosis of drug induced erythema multiforme was considered.

Intervention:
For case 1, patient was instructed to discontinue usage of drug and prescribed systemic steroid (Prednisolone 10 mg/d) for a week along with germicidal drugs to prevent secondary infection. Medication was tapered to 5 mg/d after first week.
For case 2, patient was instructed to discontinue the drug and systemic steroid prednisolone 20 mg /d for 1 week with tapering dose of 10 mg/d for the second week was administered.

Outcome:
For case 1 and case 2 healing of the lesions were evident on third week of follow up.

Conclusion:
Medications should be taken under medical supervision. Over the counter drugs might lead to allergic reactions like drug induced oral erythema multiforme, which is a rare variant and needs to be differentiate from other oral ulcerative lesion for prompt management and follow-up.
Serum midkine is a more sensitive predictor for hepatocellular carcinoma than Dickkopf-1 and alpha-L-fucosidase in cirrhotic HCV patients
Authors: El-Shayeb Ayman F. , El-Habachi Nihal M. , Mansour Amal R. , Zaghloul Mariam S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level is the gold standard diagnostic tool for detection and monitoring hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but with low sensitivity. Thus, the identification of alternative or combined serum markers of HCC is highly needed. Therefore, the aim of this work was to verify the value of serum midkine (MDK), Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1), and alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU) in detection of HCC.
We recruited 244 subjects to the present study; 89 with liver cirrhosis, 86 cirrhotic hepatitis C virus (HCV) induced HCC, and 69 apparently healthy volunteers as controls. Serum AFP, MDK, DKK1, and AFU were measured by ELISA.
Patients with HCC showed significantly higher serum MDK, DKK1, and AFU levels compared with those patients with liver cirrhosis and healthy controls (X
2 = 179.56, 153.94, and 90.07 respectively) (P < .001 in all). In HCC cases, neither of MDK, DKK1, or AFU was correlated with tumor number. On the other hand, only serum DKK1 was significantly higher in lesions >5 cm, those with portal vein thrombosis and advanced HCC stage. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that serum MDK levels discriminated between cirrhosis and HCC at a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 90% at cut-off value of >5.1 ng/mL.
Although our results showed that serum MDK, DKK-1, and AFU are increased in HCC cases only MDK may be considered as the most promising serological marker for the prediction of the development of HCC in cirrhotic HCV patients.
Current smoking predicts inadequate response to methotrexate monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients naïve to DMARDs
Authors: Floris Alberto , Perra Daniela , Cangemi Ignazio , Congia Mattia , Chessa Elisabetta , Angioni Maria Maddalena , Mangoni Arduino Aleksander , Erre Gian Luca , Mathieu Alessandro , Piga Matteo , Cauli Alberto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Identifying predictors of inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is key to move from a “trial and error” to a “personalized medicine” treatment approach where patients less likely to adequately respond to MTX monotherapy could start combination therapy at an earlier stage. This study aimed to identify potential predictors of inadequate response to MTX in RA patients naïve to disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.
Data from a real-life cohort of newly diagnosed RA patients starting MTX (baseline, T0) as first-line therapy were analyzed. Outcomes, assessed after 6 months (T1), were defined as failure to achieve a disease activity score 28 (DAS28) low disease activity (LDA) or a good/moderate response to MTX, according to the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response criteria. Logistic regression was used to assess the associations between baseline variables and the study outcomes.
Overall, 294 patients (60.5% females, median age 54.5 years) with a median disease duration of 7.9 months were recruited. At T1, 47.3% of subjects failed to achieve LDA, and 29.3% did not have any EULAR-response. In multivariate analysis, significant associations were observed between no LDA and current smoking (adjusted odds ratio [adjOR] 1.79, P = .037), female gender (adjOR 1.68, P = .048), and higher DAS28 (adjOR 1.31, P = .013); and between no EULAR-response and current smoking (adjOR: 2.04, P = .019), age (adjOR: 0.72 per 10-years increases, P = .001), and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (adjOR: 0.49; P = .020). By contrast, there were no associations between past smoker status and study outcomes.
In summary, in our real-life cohort of disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug naïve RA patients, current smoking habit independently predicts inadequate response to MTX. This, together with other independent predictors of response to treatment identified in our study, might assist with personalized monitoring in RA patients. Further studies are required to investigate whether smoking quitting strategies enhance the therapeutic response to MTX.
A randomized phase II trial comparing capecitabine with oxaliplatin or docetaxel as first-line treatment in advanced gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas
Authors: Ni Lu , Zhang Weihan , Chen Ye , Leng Weibing , Gou Hongfeng , Hu Jiankun , Qiu Meng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
A combination of fluoropyrimidines and platinum is widely accepted as the standard first-line treatment for advanced gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas. However, the benefit compared with platinum-free chemotherapeutic regimens remains controversial. We compared the efficacy and safety of capecitabine with oxaliplatin or docetaxel, as first-line therapy in advanced gastric cancer.

Methods:
Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive either capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) (capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2; twice daily for 14 days with oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1, every 21 days), or DX (capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2; twice daily for 14 days with docetaxel 75 mg/m2 on day 1, every 21 days). The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included the disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival, overall survival, and prespecified safety endpoints.

Results:
Ninety patients were enrolled in the West China Hospital from April 2012 to August 2016; a total of 83 and 66 patients were eligible for safety and efficacy analyses, respectively. Between the XELOX and DX groups, ORR (24.2% vs 24.2%, p = 1.000), DCR (90.9% vs 75.8%, p = 0.099), progression-free survival (6.1m vs 4.1m, p = 0.346), and overall survival (8.8m vs 9.0m, p = 0.973) were similar. There was no significant difference in toxicity between the two regimens. The frequent grade 3 or higher toxicities in the XELOX and DX groups were peripheral neuropathy and hematological toxicity, respectively. Toxicity was tolerable; no treatment-related deaths occurred in either group.

Conclusions:
The DX regimen was not superior to XELOX, but instead, similar. The platinum-containing regimen remains the preferred first-line option for advanced gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas, and DX might be considered as an alternative for patients unsuitable for platinum-containing chemotherapy.
Human immunodeficiency virus case detection and antiretroviral therapy enrollment among children below and above 18 months old
Authors: Yumo Habakkuk A. , Ndenkeh Jackson N. , Sieleunou Isidore , Nsame Denis N. , Kuwoh Pius B. , Beissner Marcus , Loscher Thomas , Kuaban Christopher 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
While pediatric human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing has been more focused on children below 18 months through prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT), the yield of this approach remains unclear comparatively to testing children above 18 months through routine provider-initiated testing and counselling (PITC). This study aimed at assessing and comparing the HIV case detection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) enrolment among children below and above 18 months of age in Cameroon. This information is required to guide the investments in HIV testing among children and adolescents.
We conducted a cross-sectional study where we invited parents visiting or receiving HIV care in 3 hospitals to have their children tested for HIV. HIV testing was done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and antibody rapid tests for children <18 months and those ≥18 months, respectively. We compared HIV case detection and ART initiation between the 2 subgroups of children and this using Chi-square test at 5% significant level.
A total of 4079 children aged 6 weeks to 15 years were included in the analysis. Compared with children <18 months, children group ≥18 months was 4-fold higher among those who enrolled in the study (80.3% vs 19.7%, P < .001); 3.5-fold higher among those who tested for HIV (77.6% vs 22.4%, P < .001); 6-fold higher among those who tested HIV+ (85.7% vs 14.3%, P = .24), and 11-fold higher among those who enrolled on ART (91.7% vs 8.3%, P = .02).
Our results show that 4 out of 5 children who tested HIV+ and over 90% of ART enrolled cases were children ≥18 months. Thus, while rolling out PCR HIV testing technology for neonates and infants, committing adequate and proportionate resources in antibody rapid testing for older children is a sine quo none condition to achieve an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-free generation.
Intensive pulmonary rehabilitation in a pediatric lung transplantation patient
Authors: Choi Eun Jung , Kim Won , Jeon Jae Yong , Ko Eun Jae , Yu Jinho , Choi Se Hoon , Lee Seung Hak , Sung In Young 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background:
The pediatric lung transplant is a very important treatment for patients with end-stage lung diseae, and pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is also an important factor in determining the prognosis. However, there is no much literature available on pulmonary rehabilitation in pediatric patients’ post lung transplant. Through this case report, we would like to present our intensive PR program for pediatric patients’ post-lung transplant.

Patient concerns:
The 10-year-old boy's breathing before receiving a lung transplant continued to deteriorate and he eventually became dependent on a wheelchair.

Diagnosis:
He was diagnosed with infantile acute lymphoblastic leukemia at 6 months of age. At the age of one year, he underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, but was diagnosed with post-transplantation bronchiolitis obliterans (PTBO) two months later. He had a lung transplant at the age of 10.

Interventions:
He was hospitalized and received an initial assessment. This assessment included functional, cognitive, and psychological evaluations. He additionally completed PR exercises twice daily for two weeks. After discharge, he continued to participate in an outpatient-based PR program for three months. During the outpatient phase, PR exercises were performed once weekly, in addition to home-based cognitive training.

Outcomes:
Our intensive post-lung PR program improved our patient's exercise capacity, lung function, and quality of life. As a comprehensive rehabilitation service, our program also included a cognitive training component.

Conclusion:
We describe an intensive PR program tailored to pediatric patients’ post-lung transplant. The program was feasible and resulted in improvements in functional exercise capacity, lung function, and quality of life. Future research into our method is necessary for continued improvement of this novel program.