bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antiwrinkle efficacy of 1‐ethyl‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminide, an inducer of epidermal hyaluronan production
Authors: Endo Yoko , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Akazawa Yumiko , Yamazaki Kohei , Ota Yukiko , Sayo Tetsuya , Takahashi Yoshito 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHyaluronan (HA) has a unique hydration capacity that contributes to firmness and bounciness of the skin. Epidermal HA declines with skin aging, which may lead to clinical signs of aging including skin wrinkles and loss of hydration and elasticity. Recently, we developed a new cosmetic agent 1‐ethyl‐β‐N‐acetylglucosaminide (β‐NAG2), which enhances HA production in cultured human keratinocytes. The aim of this study was to explore antiaging potential of β‐NAG2 in reconstructed human epidermal models and human clinical trial.Materials and methodsThe amount of HA in β‐NAG2‐treated epidermal models by topical application was analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)‐like assay. A randomized, double‐blind and placebo‐controlled study was conducted in Japanese females (n = 33) by topically treating each side of the face with a lotion formulated with β‐NAG2 or placebo for 8 weeks.ResultsTopically applied β‐NAG2 dose dependently increased HA production in epidermal models. Treatment with β‐NAG2‐formulated lotion significantly improved skin hydration and elasticity and reduced skin wrinkling in crow's foot areas when compared to the placebo formulation.ConclusionTopically applied β‐NAG2 promoted epidermal HA production in vitro and showed antiwrinkle activity in vivo accompanying the improvement in skin hydration and elasticity. Our study provides a novel strategy for antiwrinkle care through β‐NAG2‐induced epidermal HA production.
Dynamics of Epstein–Barr virus on post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders after antithymocyte globulin‐conditioned allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant
Authors: Lindsay Julian , Othman Jad , Yong Michelle K. , Ritchie David , Chee Lynette , Tay KimHeng , Tio Shio Yen , Kerridge Ian , Fay Keith , Stevenson William , Arthur Chris , Chen Sharon C.‐A. , Kong David C. M. , Greenwood Matthew , Pergam Steven A. , Liu Catherine , Slavin Monica A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe use of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is associated with an increased risk of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) reactivation and post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). The dynamics and outcomes of EBV‐DNAemia are not well described in this population.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed the kinetics of EBV‐DNAemia after ATG conditioning of HCT recipients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess EBV‐DNAemia to predict EBV‐PTLD in this group.ResultsA total of 174/405 (43%) consecutive HCT recipients from two centers met inclusion criteria of ATG conditioned, non‐B‐cell lymphoma patients. Of these with EBV‐DNA measured using standardized IU/ml, 78.6% (92/117) developed EBV‐DNAemia: 62% spontaneously resolved; 19% cleared after preemptive rituximab, and 13% developed EBV‐PTLD. ROC curve analysis using maximum pre‐EBV‐PTLD EBV‐DNAemia, demonstrated an AUC of 0.912 with EBV‐DNAemia of 9782 IU/ml, associated with 82.6% sensitivity and 94.4% specificity for development of EBV‐PTLD. Median time for EBV‐DNAemia to increase from initial detection to >1000 IU/ml was 7 days; to >10 000 IU/ml, 12 days; and to >100 000 IU/ml, 18 days. Median EBV‐DNAemia level prior to administration of rituximab was significantly lower in patients with successful preemptive treatment, compared with those who developed EBV‐PTLD (3.41 log10 IU/ml [3.30–3.67] vs. 4.34 log10 IU/ml [3.85–5.13], p = .002; i.e., 2628 IU/ml vs. 21 965 IU/ml, respectively).ConclusionsEBV‐DNAemia >10 000 IU/ml was the strongest predictor of the development of EBV‐PTLD, and progression to this level was rapid in ATG‐conditioned HCT recipients. This information may guide EBV‐PTLD management strategies in these high‐risk patients.
Effects of radio-frequency power on structural properties and morphology of AlGaN thin film prepared by co-sputtering technique
Authors: Othman Nur Afiqah , Nayan Nafarizal , Mustafa Mohd Kamarulzaki , Azman Zulkifli , Megat Hasnan Megat Muhammad Ikhsan , Jaafar Siti Noryasmin , Bakri Anis Suhaili , Mamat Mohd Hafiz , Mohd Yusop Mohd Zamri , Abu Bakar Ahmad Shuhaimi , Ahmad Mohd Yazid 
Published: August 2021

To date, the deposition of AlGaN thin film using the co-sputtering technique at room temperature has not been reported yet. The use of AlGaN for electronic devices has been widely known because of its ultra-wide bandgap. However, to deposit the AlGaN thin film and achieved high quality of AlGaN films, higher temperature or extra time deposition are needed, which is not compatible with industrial fabrication process. Here, a co-sputtering technique between two power supplies of magnetron sputtering (which are RF and HiPIMS) is introduced to deposit the AlGaN thin films. The AlGaN thin films were deposited at various RF power to study their effect on structural properties and morphology of the thin films. AlGaN films were sputtered simultaneously on silicon (111) substrate for short time and at room temperature using GaN and Al target. Then, the films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and surface profiler to study their properties. XRD shows the GaN (101) and (013) plane for the AlGaN deposited at RF power of 30 W. Also there only GaN (101) for the AlGaN with 50 W RF power. Yet, the 70 W RF power shows the amorphous structure of AlGaN. The roughness and the grain size of AlGaN film from AFM analysis showed the trend of decreasing and increasing respectively. The roughness of the AlGaN films with 30 W power was 0.82 nm, 0.85 nm for 50 W, and 0.46 nm for 70 W RF power. The grain size of the AlGaN films was 30.06 nm, 32.10 nm, and 37.65 nm for RF power of 30 W, 50 W, and 70 W respectively. The profilometer found that the thickness of the AlGaN films was decreasing with increasing of RF power. This paper can demonstrate a successful co-sputtering technique of AlGaN. Despite AlGaN crystal structure was not able to found out in the XRD analysis, the effect of RF power has been studied to give significant effects on AlGaN thin film deposition.
Filling in the holes: The reproductive biology of the understudied Mahali mole-rat (Cryptomys hottentotus mahali)
Authors: Hart D.W. , Medger K. , van Jaarsveld B. , Bennett N.C. 
Published: August 2021

African mole-rats have provided great insight into mammalian evolution of sociality and reproductive strategy. However, some species have not received attention, and these may provide further insights into these evolutionary questions. The cooperatively breeding Mahali mole-rat (Cryptomys hottentotus mahali (Roberts, 1913)) is one such species. Body mass, reproductive-tract morphometrics, gonad histology, and plasma reproductive hormone concentrations were studied for breeding and non-breeding males and females over 1 year. This study aimed to discern if this species exhibits a seasonal or aseasonal breeding pattern and whether there is a relaxation of reproductive suppression at any point in the year in non-breeding animals. The pattern of reproductive relaxation during the wetter months is similar to other African mole-rat species. Interestingly, births and pregnant breeding females were recorded throughout the year, thus indicating an aseasonal breeding strategy, despite inhabiting a region that experiences seasonal rainfall. However, there were periods of the year favouring increased reproduction to enable an increased likelihood of offspring survival. This suggests that the Mahali mole-rat may be an opportunistic breeder possibly brought about by the benefits of living in a cooperatively breeding group and potentially moving into more arid environments that were previously unexploited by the genus Cryptomys Gray, 1864.
Global Hölder continuity of solutions to quasilinear equations with Morrey data
Authors: Byun Sun-Sig , Palagachev Dian K. , Shin Pilsoo 
Published: August 2021

We deal with general quasilinear divergence-form coercive operators whose prototype is the [Formula: see text]-Laplacean operator. The nonlinear terms are given by Carathéodory functions and satisfy controlled growth structure conditions with data belonging to suitable Morrey spaces. The fairly non-regular boundary of the underlying domain is supposed to satisfy a capacity density condition which allows domains with exterior corkscrew property. We prove global boundedness and Hölder continuity up to the boundary for the weak solutions of such equations, generalizing this way the classical [Formula: see text]-result of Ladyzhenskaya and Ural’tseva to the settings of the Morrey spaces.
Artificial Intelligence-Based Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Quantitative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Targeted Therapy for Liver Metastasis from Colon Cancer and Nursing
Authors: Zheng Yanling , Cao Yongqing , Liu Jiheng , Chen Hui , Peng Liming 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the targeted treatment and nursing effect of patients with liver metastasis of colon cancer by enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. First, Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) images were restored. 35 patients with liver metastases from colon cancer were selected as research subjects and treated by bevacizumab, and high-quality nursing methods were used to improve the psychophysiology of the patients. Enhanced CT  examination and DCE-MRI scan were performed before and after the treatment. After the image was processed by the artificial intelligence algorithm, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), measurement transmission constant (Ktrans), reflux constant (Kep), extravascular extracellular volume fraction (Ve), and other data on the image were recorded. Two months after the treatment, 35 patients were divided into effective and ineffective groups. It was found that, after treatment, the Kep value and Ktrans value of the effective group were significantly reduced, showing statistically significant differences, and the

P

value was less than 0.05, and the Kep value and Ktrans value of the ineffective group showed no significant changes. The Ve value of the two groups gradually decreased with the progress of the treatment. In the effective group, the Ve values before the treatment, on the third day after the treatment, and on the seventh day after treatment were (0.235

±

0.134), (0.338

±

0.116), and (0.457

±

0.097), respectively. Compared with the Ve values of the ineffective group, there was a statistical difference, F = 3.592,

P
=
0.0245

; the ADC value was negatively correlated with the Ktrans and Kep values, and the results were statistically significant. It was concluded that the above indicators are effective in evaluating the efficacy of the targeted therapy of liver metastasis from colon cancer, and DCE-MRI is of great significance in predicting the efficacy of targeted therapy of liver metastasis from colon cancer.
Effect of Empagliflozin on Worsening Heart Failure Events in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: EMPEROR-Preserved Trial
Authors: Packer Milton , Butler Javed , Zannad Faiez , Filippatos Gerasimos , Ferreira Joao Pedro , Pocock Stuart J. , Carson Peter , Anand Inder , Doehner Wolfram , Haass Markus , Komajda Michel , Miller Alan , Pehrson Steen , Teerlink John R. , Schnaidt Sven , Zeller Cordula , Schnee Janet M. , Anker Stefan D. ,   for the EMPEROR-Preserved Trial Study Group
Published: August 2021

Background:
Empagliflozin reduces the risk of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, but additional data are needed about its effect on inpatient and outpatient heart failure events.

Methods:
We randomly assigned 5988 patients with class II through IV heart failure with an ejection fraction of >40% to double-blind treatment with placebo or empagliflozin (10 mg once daily), in addition to usual therapy, for a median of 26 months. We prospectively collected information on inpatient and outpatient events reflecting worsening heart failure and prespecified their analysis in individual and composite end points.

Results:

Empagliflozin reduced the combined risk of cardiovascular death, hospitalization for heart failure, or an emergency or urgent heart failure visit requiring intravenous treatment (432 versus 546 patients [empagliflozin versus placebo, respectively]; hazard ratio, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.67–0.87];
P
<0.0001). This benefit reached statistical significance at 18 days after randomization. Empagliflozin reduced the total number of heart failure hospitalizations that required intensive care (hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% CI, 0.52–0.96];
P
=0.028) and the total number of all hospitalizations that required a vasopressor or positive inotropic drug (hazard ratio, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.55–0.97];
P
=0.033). Compared with patients in the placebo group, fewer patients in the empagliflozin group reported outpatient intensification of diuretics (482 versus 610; hazard ratio, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.67–0.86];
P
<0.0001), and patients assigned to empagliflozin were 20% to 50% more likely to have a better New York Heart Association functional class, with significant effects at 12 weeks that were maintained for at least 2 years. The benefit on total heart failure hospitalizations was similar in patients with an ejection fraction of >40% to <50% and 50% to <60%, but was attenuated at higher ejection fractions.

Conclusions:
In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, empagliflozin produced a meaningful, early, and sustained reduction in the risk and severity of a broad range of inpatient and outpatient worsening heart failure events.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03057977.
Spironolactone Reduces Aortic Stiffness in Patients With Resistant Hypertension Independent of Blood Pressure Change
Authors: Aryal Sudeep R. , Siddiqui Mohammed , Sharifov Oleg F. , Coffin Megan D. , Zhang Bin , Gaddam Krishna K. , Gupta Himanshu , Denney Thomas S. , Dell'Italia Louis J. , Oparil Suzanne , Calhoun David A. , Lloyd Steven G. 
Published: August 2021

Background
Aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in patients with arterial hypertension. Resistant hypertension is often linked to hyperaldosteronism and associated with adverse outcomes. Spironolactone, a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist, has been shown to reduce both the arterial blood pressure (BP) and aortic stiffness in resistant hypertension. However, the mechanism of aortic stiffness reduction by spironolactone is not well understood. We hypothesized that spironolactone reduces aortic stiffness in resistant hypertension independently of BP change.

Methods and Results

Patients with uncontrolled BP (≥140/90 mm Hg) despite use of ≥3 antihypertensive medications (including diuretics) were prospectively recruited. Participants were started on spironolactone at 25 mg/d, and increased to 50 mg/d at 4 weeks while other antihypertensive medications were withdrawn to maintain constant mean BP. Phase‐contrast cardiac magnetic resonance imaging of the ascending aorta was performed in 30 participants at baseline and after 6 months of spironolactone treatment to measure aortic pulsatility, distensibility, and pulse wave velocity. Pulse wave velocity decreased (6.3±2.3 m/s to 4.5±1.8 m/s,
P
<0.001) and pulsatility and distensibility increased (15.9%±5.3% to 22.1%±7.9%,
P
<0.001; and 0.28%±0.10%/mm Hg to 0.40%±0.14%/mm Hg,
P
<0.001, respectively) following 6 months of spironolactone.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that spironolactone improves aortic properties in resistant hypertension independently of BP, which may support the hypothesis of an effect of aldosterone on the arterial wall. A larger prospective study is needed to confirm our findings.
ATP1A3
‐Encoded Sodium‐Potassium ATPase Subunit Alpha 3 D801N Variant Is Associated With Shortened QT Interval and Predisposition to Ventricular Fibrillation Preceded by Bradycardia
Authors: Moya‐Mendez Mary E. , Ogbonna Chiagoziem , Ezekian Jordan E. , Rosamilia Michael B. , Prange Lyndsey , de la Uz Caridad , Kim Jeffrey J. , Howard Taylor , Garcia John , Nussbaum Robert , Truty Rebecca , Callis Thomas E. , Funk Emily , Heyes Matthew , Dear Guy de Lisle , Carboni Michael P. , Idriss Salim F. , Mikati Mohamad A. , Landstrom Andrew P. 
Published: August 2021

Background

Pathogenic variation in the
ATP1A3
‐encoded sodium‐potassium ATPase, ATP1A3, is responsible for alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC). Although these patients experience a high rate of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, the pathophysiologic basis for this risk remains unknown. The objective was to determine the role of
ATP1A3
genetic variants on cardiac outcomes as determined by QT and corrected QT (QTc) measurements.

Methods and Results

We analyzed 12‐lead ECG recordings from 62 patients (male subjects=31, female subjects=31) referred for AHC evaluation. Patients were grouped according to AHC presentation (typical versus atypical),
ATP1A3
variant status (positive versus negative), and
ATP1A3
variant (D801N versus other variants). Manual remeasurements of QT intervals and QTc calculations were performed by 2 pediatric electrophysiologists. QTc measurements were significantly shorter in patients with positive
ATP1A3
variant status (
P
<0.001) than in patients with genotype‐negative status, and significantly shorter in patients with the ATP1A3‐D801N variant than patients with other variants (
P
<0.001). The mean QTc for ATP1A3‐D801N was 344.9 milliseconds, which varied little with age, and remained <370 milliseconds throughout adulthood.
ATP1A3
genotype status was significantly associated with shortened QTc by multivariant regression analysis. Two patients with the ATP1A3‐D801N variant experienced ventricular fibrillation, resulting in death in 1 patient. Rare variants in
ATP1A3
were identified in a large cohort of genotype‐negative patients referred for arrhythmia and sudden unexplained death.

Conclusions

Patients with AHC who carry the ATP1A3‐D801N variant have significantly shorter QTc intervals and an increased likelihood of experiencing bradycardia associated with life‐threatening arrhythmias.
ATP1A3
variants may represent an independent cause of sudden unexplained death. Patients with AHC should be evaluated to identify risk of sudden death.
Timing of Prehospital Advanced Airway Management for Adult Patients With Out‐of‐Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Japan
Authors: Okubo Masashi , Komukai Sho , Izawa Junichi , Gibo Koichiro , Kiyohara Kosuke , Matsuyama Tasuku , Iwami Taku , Callaway Clifton W. , Kitamura Tetsuhisa 
Published: August 2021

Background
The timing of advanced airway management (AAM) on patient outcomes after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest has not been fully investigated. We evaluated the association between the timing of prehospital AAM and 1‐month survival.

Methods and Results
We conducted a secondary analysis of a prospective, nationwide, population‐based out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest registry in Japan. We included emergency medical services–treated adult (≥18 years) out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests from 2014 through 2017, stratified into initial shockable or nonshockable rhythms. Patients who received AAM at any minute after emergency medical services–initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation underwent risk‐set matching with patients who were at risk of receiving AAM within the same minute using time‐dependent propensity scores. Eleven thousand three hundred six patients with AAM in shockable and 163 796 with AAM in nonshockable cohorts, respectively, underwent risk‐set matching. For shockable rhythms, the risk ratios (95% CIs) of AAM on 1‐month survival were 1.01 (0.89–1.15) between 0 and 5 minutes, 1.06 (0.98–1.15) between 5 and 10 minutes, 0.99 (0.87–1.12) between 10 and 15 minutes, 0.74 (0.59–0.92) between 15 and 20 minutes, 0.61 (0.37–1.00) between 20 and 25 minutes, and 0.73 (0.26–2.07) between 25 and 30 minutes after emergency medical services–initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation. For nonshockable rhythms, the risk ratios of AAM were 1.12 (1.00–1.27) between 0 and 5 minutes, 1.34 (1.25–1.44) between 5 and 10 minutes, 1.39 (1.26–1.54) between 10 and 15 minutes, 1.20 (0.99–1.45) between 15 and 20 minutes, 1.18 (0.80–1.73) between 20 and 25 minutes, 0.63 (0.29–1.38) between 25 and 30 minutes, and 0.44 (0.11–1.69) after 30 minutes.

Conclusions
In this observational study, the timing of AAM was not statistically associated with improved 1‐month survival for shockable rhythms, but AAM within 15 minutes after emergency medical services–initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation was associated with improved 1‐month survival for nonshockable rhythms.
Association of Fibromuscular Dysplasia and Pulsatile Tinnitus: A Report of the US Registry for Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Authors: Dicks Andrew B. , Gornik Heather L. , Gu Xiaokui , Bacharach J. Michael , Fendrikova Mahlay Natalia , Froehlich James B. , Gupta Kamal , Gray Bruce H. , Kim Esther S. H. , Mahmood Redah , Sharma Aditya M. , Wells Bryan J. , Olin Jeffrey W. , Weinberg Ido 
Published: August 2021

Background
Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a nonatherosclerotic arterial disease that has a variable presentation including pulsatile tinnitus (PT). The frequency and characteristics of PT in FMD are not well understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of PT in FMD and compare characteristics between patients with and without PT.

Methods and Results

Data were queried from the US Registry for FMD from 2009 to 2020. The primary outcomes were frequency of PT among the FMD population and prevalence of baseline characteristics, signs/symptoms, and vascular bed involvement in patients with and without PT. Of 2613 patients with FMD who were included in the analysis, 972 (37.2%) reported PT. Univariable analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed to explore factors associated with PT. Compared with those without PT, patients with PT were more likely to have involvement of the extracranial carotid artery (90.0% versus 78.6%; odds ratio, 1.49;
P
=0.005) and to have higher prevalence of other neurovascular signs/symptoms including headache (82.5% versus 62.7%; odds ratio, 1.82;
P
<0.001), dizziness (44.9% versus 22.9%; odds ratio, 2.01;
P
<0.001), and cervical bruit (37.5% versus 15.8%; odds ratio, 2.73;
P
<0.001) compared with those without PT.

Conclusions
PT is common among patients with FMD. Patients with FMD who present with PT have higher rates of neurovascular signs/symptoms, cervical bruit, and involvement of the extracranial carotid arteries. The coexistence of the 2 conditions should be recognized, and providers who evaluate patients with PT should be aware of FMD as a potential cause.
Rethinking the Meaning of Ordinary Meaning in Light of the ICJ’s Jurisprudence
Authors: Hosseinnejad Katayoun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Article 31 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties calls for consideration of the ordinary meaning as the starting point in the process of interpretation. Although the linguistic concept of ordinary meaning is founded on the idea that the meaning of a sentence is directly imposed by the norms of language so that interpreters are provided with an objective standard which is external to their subjectivity, this article demonstrates that the interpretive jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice has departed from the imperatives of the ordinary meaning doctrine. Rather, the Court, mindful of the problem that no mere sequence of words can represent actual legal meaning, has moved towards construction of ordinary meaning.