bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microvascular differences in amblyopic subgroups: An observational case–control study
Authors: Karabulut Müjdat , Karabulut Sinem , Sül Sabahattin , Karalezli Aylin 
Published: December 2021

Purpose To determine retinal microvascular differences among amblyopic subgroups and compare them with control eyes. Study Design This study was designed as an observational case–control study. Methods Twenty-three strabismic, 23 anisometropic, 22 meridional, 22 ametropic amblyopic eyes, and 24 healthy control eyes were included. The mean vessel densities in the deep and superficial capillary plexus, the foveal avascular zone area, the choriocapillaris flow area, and the foveal thickness were compared. Results Vessel density was markedly lower in all sectors of the amblyopic subgroups in the deep capillary plexus than in control eyes. Density was significantly lower in the superficial capillary plexus only in ametropic and meridional amblyopic eyes. Among these groups, the meridional amblyopic eyes had the largest choriocapillaris flow area ( p = 0.013) and the lowest vessel density in all sectors ( p < 0.001). The foveal avascular zone area was similar in all groups ( p = 0.561). The fovea was significantly thicker only in the anisometropic and meridional subgroups than control eyes ( p = 0.011, p = 0.001, respectively). The foveal avascular zone area was inversely related to the foveal thickness in all groups. Conclusion Retinal structural and microvascular differences were found among amblyopic subgroups. Optical coherence tomography angiography can noninvasively detect these variations, which may be related to the etiologic factors.
The effectiveness of telehealth versus face-to face interventions for anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Krzyzaniak Natalia , Greenwood Hannah , Scott Anna M , Peiris Ruwani , Cardona Magnolia , Clark Justin , Glasziou Paul 
Published: December 2021

Introduction Worldwide, it is estimated that 264 million people meet the diagnostic criteria for anxiety conditions. Effective treatment regimens consist of cognitive and behavioural therapies. During the COVID-19 pandemic, treatment delivery relied heavily on telemedicine technologies which enabled remote consultation with patients via phone or video platforms. We aim to identify, appraise and synthesise randomised controlled trials comparing telehealth to face-to-face delivery of care to individuals of any age or gender, diagnosed with anxiety disorders, and disorders with anxiety features. Methods To conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched three electronic databases, clinical trial registries and citing-cited references of included studies. Results A total of five small randomised controlled trials were includable; telehealth was conducted by video in three studies, and by telephone in two. The risk of bias for the 5 studies was low to moderate for most domains. Outcomes related to anxiety, depression symptom severity, obsessive-compulsive disorder, function, working alliance, and satisfaction were comparable between the two modes of delivery at each follow-up time point (immediately post-intervention, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months), with no significant differences reported ( p > 0.05). None of the trials reported on the costs of telehealth compared to face-to-face care. Discussion For effectively treating anxiety and related conditions, interventions delivered by telehealth appear to be as effective as the same therapy delivered in-person. However, further high-quality trials are warranted to determine the effectiveness, acceptability, feasibility, and cost-effectiveness of telehealth interventions for the management of a wider range of anxiety disorders and treatments.
Predictors of success of trial of labor after cesarean section: A nested case–control study at public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia
Authors: Tefera Maleda , Assefa Nega , Teji Roba Kedir , Gedefa Letta 
Published: December 2021

Background: One of the primary reasons for an increase in cesarean sections is obstetricians’ uncertainty about labor trial safety following a previous cesarean section. The success rate of vaginal birth after cesarean section with a single cesarean scar is greater than 50%. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is a scarcity of information on the determinants of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery in the study area. As a result, the purpose of this study was to identify predictors of successful vaginal birth after cesarean delivery in public hospitals in Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A nested case–control study design was used within a prospective follow-up study conducted from June to October 2020. A total of 220 women who tried vaginal birth after cesarean delivery was included, 110 cases and 110 controls. Cases were women with one previous cesarean section scar and successfully proceed with vaginal delivery. The controls were those with an earlier cesarean section scar and delivered by emergency cesarean section after trial of labor. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to gather the information. Multiple logistic regression is used to identify the determinants for the success of vaginal birth after cesarean section; odds ratio with its 95% CI are used to report the findings. Results: We found that living in rural areas (AOR = 2.28; 95% CI (1.85, 12.41)), having a current antenatal care follow-up (AOR = 3.20; 95% CI (1.15, 8.87)) and partograph monitoring of labor (AOR = 4.26; 95% CI (1.90, 9.57)) had a positive association with successful vaginal birth after cesarean section. In contrast, the presence of meconium-stained amniotic liquor (AOR = 0.10; 95% CI (0.01, 0.75)) and history of stillbirth (AOR = 0.07; 95% CI (0.02, 0.53)) reducing the chance of success of the trial. Conclusion: Past obstetric history, such as stillbirth, history of labor trial after primary cesarean section, and prior vaginal birth, were significant predictors for achieving vaginal birth after cesarean section. Antenatal care visit, and partograph follow-up were the current obstetric characteristics positively associated with the trial of labor.
Can an App-Based Maxillofacial Trauma Score Predict the Operative Time, ICU Need and Length of Stay?
Authors: Singh Ashutosh Kumar , Dhungel Safal , Ahmad Zeeshan , Holmes Simon 
Published: December 2021

Study Design Retrospective chart review Objective Injury and trauma scores are the mainstay of predicting outcomes of trauma patients. ZS (Zeeshan and Simon) maxillofacial trauma score is based on 4 previous facial trauma scores and is user friendly, app-based visually coded facial trauma scoring system. Our study was designed to seek the application of an app-based ZS maxillofacial trauma score to predict the operative time, intensive care unit (ICU) need and length of stay. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of patients who presented to a university medical college teaching hospital with maxillofacial fractures from October 2018 until October 2019. ZS maxillofacial trauma scoring app was used to calculate the ZS maxillofacial trauma severity score, which was our primary predictor variable. Our primary outcome of interest was operative time. Our secondary outcome of interest was ICU need and length of stay. Correlation analysis, linear regression and logistic regression were performed for statistical analysis. A statistical P-value of .05 was considered significant at a 95% confidence interval. Results There were 95 male and 5 female patients included in the study. The age ranged from 3 to 84 years with a mean of 30.76 (SD = 14.04). A statistically significant correlation between the ZS score and operative time ( r = 0.67, P < .001) was observed. ZS score predicted operative time ( b 1 = 7.67, P < .001) in our study sample . Increasing ZS trauma score was also significantly associated with ICU requirement ( X 2(3) = 13.682, P = .003), but the length of stay could not be predicted based on ZS score. Conclusions: ZS maxillofacial trauma score can predict the operative time, and an association was seen with the need for ICU with increasing ZS score, but could not predict the length of stay or the ICU need. It has potential for future integration with electronic health record systems.
Muscle volume evaluation using 3DCT for congenital clubfoot
Authors: Kakihana Masataka , Tochigi Yuki , Ozeki Satoru , Jinno Tetsuya 
Published: December 2021

Background In congenital clubfoot, the lower leg is very thin and the calf muscles are hypoplasic. However, there are few studies reporting real muscle volume. Purpose The purpose of this study is to assay the muscle volume in congenital clubfoot using 3DCT and to quantify the degree of the hypoplasia. Material and methods From January 2015 to December 2016, nine consecutive patients, seven male and two female, with unilateral congenital clubfeet were recruited for CT scans. Axial transverse sectional CT scans were acquired from the delineation of the fibular head to the tibial plafond. From the data, we rendered the entire muscle in 3D for muscle volume assay, and further segmented the posterior musculature for comparison between the normal and affected sides. Results The whole muscle volume on the normal side was 291.23 cm3 (181.23–593.49) and that on the affected side was 225.08 cm3 (120.71–429.08), for an affected side to normal side ratio of 0.79 (0.72–0.9), which was significantly smaller ( p < .01). Posterior muscle volume on the normal side was 175.81 cm3 (103.72–376.32) and that on the affected side was 106.52 cm3 (58.3–188.39). The ratio of posterior muscle to whole muscle on the normal side was 0.62 (0.46–0.75), and that on the affected side was 0.48 (0.4–0.55), such that the affected side was significantly smaller ( p < .01) Conclusion This study contributes quantitative data supporting the longstanding observations that the posterior calf muscles are significantly smaller on the affected side compared to the normal side in congenital clubfoot, and further underscores the importance of the extending the excursion of these muscles.
Associations between the quality of street space and the attributes of the built environment using large volumes of street view pictures
Authors: LI Shuangjin , Ma Shuang , Tong De , Jia Zimu , Li Pai , Long Ying 
Published: December 2021

In this study, we focus on the quality of street space which has attracted high attentions. We discover associations between the quality of street space and built environment attributes through an ordered logistic model using massive street view pictures (SVPs) and data on street location, form, function and attributes. Before ascertain which built environment factors influence the quality of street space, we checked the concordance of the experts’ scores, as well as correlations between different dimensions through Kappa analysis and drew the distribution map of street space quality. We found that the value of intersection over union is 85.61% for scoring the street space quality by different people. The spatial quality of more than 75% streets are in the middle level with no obvious polarisation observed in the central area of Qingdao. In addition, for street quality index, all variables are statistically significant. The sequence is as follows: near-line rate > D/H ratio > slope > length of street > distance to administrative center > POIs diversity. The D/H ratio, near-line rate, slope length of street, distance to administrative center and POIs diversity have various associations on every dimension of street quality. They can prove useful for drafting more appropriate policy measures aimed at improving street quality.
Hydroplumboelsmoreite, (Pb1□1)Σ2(W1.33Fe3+0.67)Σ2O6(H2O), a redefined mineral species of the elsmoreite group from China
Authors: Yuan Xue , Ningyue Sun , Guowu Li , Guangming Yang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHydroplumboelsmoreite (IMA21-C), (Pb,□)2(W,Fe3+)2O6(H2O), is a redefined elsmoreite-group mineral in the pyrochlore supergroup. It was found in a ‘jixianite’ cotype specimen provided by Mr. Liu Jianchang, who first found ‘jixianite’ in 1979 in the Jizhou District, Tianjin City, China. The mineral occurs as yellow to reddish brown aggregates, together with raspite and another elsmoreite-group mineral under study. Hydroplumboelsmoreite occurs in cryptocrystalline form and occasionally in octahedral microcrystalline form (under 20 μm in size). The crystals are colourless and translucent with a white streak, and the lustre is adamantine to greasy. Hydroplumboelsmoreite is isotropic, with a calculated refractive index of 2.29, a Mohs hardness of ~4½–5, and a calculated density of 7.47 g⋅cm−3. The strongest five powder X-ray diffraction lines [d in Å(I)(hkl)] are 6.070(28)(111), 3.012(100)(222), 2.603(32)(004), 1.836(35)(044) and 1.568(30)(226). The crystal structure was refined to R1 = 0.0459 using 80 unique reflections collected with MoKα radiation, and the results show that the mineral is cubic, space group Fd$\bar{3}$m, with a = 10.3377(5) Å, V = 1104.77(16) Å3 and Z = 8. Electron microprobe analyses and crystal structure refinement were used to determine the empirical formula: (Pb1.05Sr0.05Ce3+0.07Na0.01□0.82)Σ2.00(W1.32Fe3+0.67Zr0.01)Σ2.00O6[(H2O)0.43O0.19□0.38]Σ1.00. The mineral was named hydroplumboelsmoreite based on the predominance of Pb, W, and molecular H2O in the A, B and Y sites, respectively.
Altered fibrin clot structure and dysregulated fibrinolysis contribute to thrombosis risk in severe COVID-19
Authors: Wygrecka Malgorzata , Birnhuber Anna , Seeliger Benjamin , Michalick Laura , Pak Oleg , Schultz Astrid-Solveig , Schramm Fabian , Zacharias Martin , Gorkiewicz Gregor , David Sascha , Welte Tobias , Schmidt Julius J. , Weissmann Norbert , Schermuly Ralph T. , Barreto Guillermo , Schaefer Liliana , Markart Philipp , Brack Markus C. , Hippenstiel Stefan , Kurth Florian , Sander Leif E. , Witzenrath Martin , Kuebler Wolfgang M. , Kwapiszewska Grazyna , Preissner Klaus T. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe high incidence of thrombotic events suggests a possible role of the contact system pathway in COVID-19 pathology. In this study, we determined the altered levels of factor XII (FXII) and its activation products in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in comparison with patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome related to the influenza virus (acute respiratory distress syndrome [ARDS]-influenza). Compatible with those data, we found rapid consumption of FXII in COVID-19 but not in ARDS-influenza plasma. Interestingly, the lag phase in fibrin formation, triggered by the FXII activator kaolin, was not prolonged in COVID-19, as opposed to that in ARDS-influenza. Confocal and electron microscopy showed that increased FXII activation rate, in conjunction with elevated fibrinogen levels, triggered formation of fibrinolysis-resistant, compact clots with thin fibers and small pores in COVID-19. Accordingly, clot lysis was markedly impaired in COVID-19 as opposed to that in ARDS-influenza. Dysregulated fibrinolytic system, as evidenced by elevated levels of thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor, tissue-plasminogen activator, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in COVID-19 potentiated this effect. Analysis of lung tissue sections revealed widespread extra- and intravascular compact fibrin deposits in patients with COVID-19. A compact fibrin network structure and dysregulated fibrinolysis may collectively contribute to a high incidence of thrombotic events in COVID-19.
A validated analysis pipeline for mass spectrometry-based vitreous proteomics: new insights into proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Weber Sarah R. , Zhao Yuanjun , Ma Jingqun , Gates Christopher , da Veiga Leprevost Felipe , Basrur Venkatesha , Nesvizhskii Alexey I. , Gardner Thomas W. , Sundstrom Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundVitreous is an accessible, information-rich biofluid that has recently been studied as a source of retinal disease-related proteins and pathways. However, the number of samples required to confidently identify perturbed pathways remains unknown. In order to confidently identify these pathways, power analysis must be performed to determine the number of samples required, and sample preparation and analysis must be rigorously defined.MethodsControl (n = 27) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (n = 23) vitreous samples were treated as biologically distinct individuals or pooled together and aliquoted into technical replicates. Quantitative mass spectrometry with tandem mass tag labeling was used to identify proteins in individual or pooled control samples to determine technical and biological variability. To determine effect size and perform power analysis, control and proliferative diabetic retinopathy samples were analyzed across four 10-plexes. Pooled samples were used to normalize the data across plexes and generate a single data matrix for downstream analysis.ResultsThe total number of unique proteins identified was 1152 in experiment 1, 989 of which were measured in all samples. In experiment 2, 1191 proteins were identified, 727 of which were measured across all samples in all plexes. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD025986. Spearman correlations of protein abundance estimations revealed minimal technical (0.99–1.00) and biological (0.94–0.98) variability. Each plex contained two unique pooled samples: one for normalizing across each 10-plex, and one to internally validate the normalization algorithm. Spearman correlation of the validation pool following normalization was 0.86–0.90. Principal component analysis revealed stratification of samples by disease and not by plex. Subsequent differential expression and pathway analyses demonstrated significant activation of metabolic pathways and inhibition of neuroprotective pathways in proliferative diabetic retinopathy samples relative to controls.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a feasible, rigorous, and scalable method that can be applied to future proteomic studies of vitreous and identifies previously unrecognized metabolic pathways that advance understanding of diabetic retinopathy.
The burden and predictors of latent tuberculosis infection among immigrants in South Korea: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Yu Sarah , Jeong Dawoon , Choi Hongjo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Approximately one-fourth of the global population is latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. An understanding of the burden of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among immigrants compared with the general Korean population should be the first step in identifying priority groups for LTBI diagnosis and treatment. The study aimed to compute the age-standardized LTBI prevalence and predictors among immigrants with LTBI in South Korea.

Methods
In 2018, the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency implemented a pilot LTBI screening project for immigrants using a chest radiography and the QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube assay. A standardized prevalence ratio (SPR) was computed to compare the LTBI burden in immigrants and the general Korean population.

Results
During the duration of the project, a total of 8108 immigrants (5134 males and 2974 females) underwent LTBI screening. The SPR of 1.547 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.468–1.629) in males and 1.261 (95% CI 1.177–1.349) in females were both higher than the Korean reference population. Furthermore, among the immigrants, those aged < 40 years and Korean diaspora visa holders had a higher SPR.

Conclusion
This study found a higher LTBI prevalence among immigrant population in South Korea compared to that in the general Korean population, and the SPR was higher among those aged < 40 years and the Korean diaspora. The findings can be used as baseline evidence for including immigrants in South Korea in the at-risk group with a priority need for LTBI screening and treatment.
Truncating mutation in TANC2 in a Chinese boy associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome: a case report
Authors: Tian Yang , Shi Zhen , Hou Chi , Li Wenjuan , Wang Xiuying , Zhu Haixia , Li Xiaojing , Chen Wen-Xiong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe epileptic encephalopathy that can be caused by brain malformations or genetic mutations. Recently, genome-wide association studies have led to the identification of novel mutations associated with LGS. The TANC2 gene, encodes a synaptic scaffolding protein that interacts with other proteins at the postsynaptic density to regulate dendritic spines and excitatory synapse formation. The TANC2 gene mutations were reported in neurodevelopmental disorders and epilepsy but not in LGS ever.

Case presentation
Here we describe the case of a boy with LGS who presented with multiple seizure patterns, such as myoclonic, atonic, atypical absence, generalized tonic-clonic, focal seizures, and notable cognitive and motor regression. The seizures were refractory to many antiepileptic drugs. He got seizure-free with ketogenic diet combined with antiepileptic drugs. A de novo nonsense mutation c.4321C > T(p.Gln1441Ter) in TANC2 gene was identified by the whole-exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing.

Conclusion
We described the first Chinese case with LGS associated to a de novo nonsense mutation c.4321C > T(p.Gln1441Ter) in TANC2 gene, which would expand the clinical spectrum related to TANC2 mutations and contribute to better understanding of genotype-phenotype relationship to guide precision medicine.
Association between impulsivity and orthorexia nervosa / healthy orthorexia: any mediating effect of depression, anxiety, and stress?
Authors: Awad Emmanuelle , Salameh Pascale , Sacre Hala , Malaeb Diana , Hallit Souheil , Obeid Sahar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
There is a lack of studies investigating the possible mediating role of psychological factors, such as depression, anxiety and stress on orthorexic eating behaviors. Given that personality attributes might affect the manifestation of psychological disorders, it was hypothesized that depression, anxiety and stress mediate the relationship between impulsivity-related traits and orthorexic eating, noting that previous research had evaluated the role of depression as a mediator between impulsivity and other pathological eating behaviors. The study objectives were to explore the mediating effect of depression, anxiety, and stress, on impulsivity and orthorexia nervosa, and healthy orthorexia.

Methods
This cross-sectional study conducted between July and December 2019 recruited 519 Lebanese adults from seven community pharmacies randomly selected from a list provided by the Lebanese Order of Pharmacists.

Results
Our results showed that depression and anxiety were positively correlated with ON. We also found a notable gender difference in findings: higher anxiety and female gender were significantly associated with higher TOS healthy orthorexia, while higher stress was associated with lower TOS healthy orthorexia. Finally, higher urgency was associated with lower TOS healthy orthorexia, while higher perseverance was significantly associated with higher TOS healthy orthorexia. Depression and anxiety partially mediated the association between perseverance and ON while anxiety and stress partially mediated the association between urgency and healthy orthorexia.

Conclusion
Our study suggests that depression, anxiety and stress play a mediating role between impulsivity and orthorexia nervosa/healthy orthorexia. Our findings provide a ground for future investigations of impulsive behaviors, psychopathology, and orthorexia in different populations.