bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of NRAS Mutation With Clinical Outcomes of Anti-PD-1 Monotherapy in Advanced Melanoma: A Pooled Analysis of Four Asian Clinical Trials
Authors: Zhou Li , Wang Xuan , Chi Zhihong , Sheng Xinan , Kong Yan , Mao Lili , Lian Bin , Tang Bixia , Yan Xieqiao , Bai Xue , Li Siming , Guo Jun , Cui Chuanliang , Si Lu 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAnti-PD-1 monotherapy is the standard therapy for advanced melanoma patients, including those with NRAS mutations. The influence of NRAS mutation on immunotherapy, especially in noncutaneous melanoma, is largely uncharacterized.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed clinical data of four clinical trials for advanced melanoma patients treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy between 2016 and 2019. The impact of NRAS mutation on efficacy and outcome of immunotherapy were analyzed in cutaneous and noncutaneous groups separately.ResultsA total of 206 patients were assessed, including 92 cutaneous melanoma patients with 12 NRAS mutations and 114 noncutaneous melanoma patients with 21 NRAS mutations. In cutaneous melanoma, the response rates of NRAS mutant patients were lower than patients without NRAS mutations (9.5% vs. 23.9%), the median progression-free survival (PFS) and median overall survival (OS) were shorter for patients with NRAS mutations, although without significant difference for OS (P=0.081). In noncutaneous melanoma, the response rates were 0 and 13.7% for NRAS mutant and wild-type patients, the median PFS were 3.6 months (95% CI: 0.9-6.3) and 4.3 months (95%CI: 2.9-5.7) (P=0.015), and the median OS were 10.8 months (95% CI: 1.5-20.1) and 15.3 months (95% CI: 13.2-17.4) (P=0.025), respectively. In multivariate analysis, NRAS mutation, along with ECOG performance score and LDH level, was negatively associated with both PFS (HR 1.912, P=0.044) and OS (HR 2.210, P=0.025) in noncutaneous melanoma.ConclusionIn advanced Asian melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 monotherapy, NRAS mutant patients had lower response rates and poorer prognoses compared to wild-type patients, especially in noncutaneous subtypes.
Heart Rate Variability Changes in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder: Related to Confounding Factors, Not to Symptom Severity?
Authors: Sarlon Jan , Staniloiu Angelica , Kordon Andreas 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the electrophysiological and other influencing factors correlating with symptom severity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) under three different conditions: baseline, stress exposure, and relaxation following stress exposure.MethodsSymptom severity was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) in 89 inpatients (37 women; mean age 51 years) with MDD. Resting heart rate (RHR), heart rate variability (HRV), respiration rate (RR), skin conductance (SC), and skin temperature (ST) were recorded at baseline for 300 s, under stress exposure for 60 s, and under self-induced relaxation for 300 s. Age, nicotine consumption, body mass index, and blood pressure were evaluated as influencing factors.ResultsThe BDI-II mean score was 29.7 points. Disease severity correlated positively with SC elevation under stress exposure and with a higher RR in the relaxed state, but no association was found between HRV and symptom severity. Age and higher blood pressure were both associated with lower HRV and higher RHR.ConclusionThe results indicate that, in patients with MDD, changes in the autonomic nervous system (ANS) are complex; and the assessment of ANS reactivity to stressors is useful. Elevated blood pressure might be underdiagnosed, although it is already relevant in patients with MDD in their early 50s.
Collision Carcinoma Involving Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Ureter: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Xu Sheng , Xu Lei , Cao Peng , Yao Shiyun , Wu Tingming , Hu Xinming , Chen Hualei , Gu Jun , Che Xianping 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundSmall cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) of the ureter is a rare tumour, accounting for less than 0.5% of all ureteral tumours. SCNEC tumours are highly aggressive and patients have a poor prognosis. Ureteral SCNEC colliding with other pathological types of tumours is extremely rare. In this paper, we present the case of a patient with ureteral small cell carcinoma colliding with squamous cell carcinoma and review the literature regarding the clinicopathological features, treatment and prognosis of thus tumour. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second identified case of ureteral SCNEC colliding with SCC.Case PresentationA 64-year-old male patient presented with a history of 1 month of gross haematuria and 3 months of left flank pain. CT urography revealed a soft tissue mass in the upper ureter, which was slightly enhanced on contrast-enhanced CT. Nephroureterectomy was performed after the patient was diagnosed with a tumour in the left ureter. Microscopy and immunohistochemical examination confirmed the mass to be a SCNEC collision with SCC. Two months after the surgery, the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy (cisplatin/etoposide). After 14 months of follow-up, no local recurrence or distant metastasis was found.ConclusionUreteral collision carcinoma with SCNEC predominantly occurs in Asian individuals, is difficult to diagnose preoperatively and is highly invasive. The current management of ureteral collision carcinoma is a comprehensive treatment based on surgery.
Weight Status and Body Composition Dynamics in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Azoulay Erez , Yackobovitch-Gavan Michal , Yaacov Hadar , Gilboa Inbar , Lopez Adar , Sheppes Tamar , Waksman Yarden , Lebenthal Yael , Brener Avivit 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The preventive measures taken in attempt to prevent COVID-19 spread lead to closure of schools and leisure time activities. The impact of the pandemic on pediatric weight status is unclear, reports from around the world predict grave consequences with increasing obesity. We aimed to examine the change in body composition parameters of children and adolescents during the pandemic.Materials and Methods: An observational study of 220 pediatric subjects (109 boys; mean current age 11.8 ± 3.3 years; 37 with underweight, 123 with normal weight, and 60 with overweight/obesity) who underwent height and body composition measurements by bioelectrical impedance analysis, Tanita MC-780MA, GMON Professional Software before and during the pandemic. Height, body mass index (BMI) and muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) z-scores were calculated. Data collected from the participants' medical files included home address for socioeconomic position calculation, pubertal stage, and self-reported sleep duration and physical activity performance.Results: The vast majority of the cohort (81.8%) had stable or improved MFR z-scores during the pandemic. MFR z-scores significantly increased in subjects with underweight (p = 0.05) and normal weight (p = 0.008), but not in subjects with overweight/obesity (p = 0.169). There were significant associations in BMI z-scores (r = 0.961, p &lt; 0.001) and MFR z-scores (r = 0.854, p &lt; 0.001) before and during the pandemic. A multivariate linear regression model identified socioeconomic position, pre-pandemic BMI z-scores, pre-pandemic MFR z-scores, and physical activity levels during the pandemic as predictors for delta MFR z-scores (F = 12.267, p &lt; 0.001). Age, sex, pre-pandemic physical activity, and the time that had elapsed between initiation of the first nationwide lockdown and the BIA assessment during the pandemic did not emerge as predictors for delta MFR z-score.Conclusions: Our encouraging findings demonstrate improvement in body composition parameters of subjects with underweight and normal weight and stability in subjects with overweight/obesity. Engagement in physical activity during the pandemic predicted improvement, while lower socioeconomic position predicted deterioration.
Geometric Features of the Pial Arteriolar Networks in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats: A Crucial Aspect Underlying the Blood Flow Regulation
Authors: Lapi Dominga , Di Maro Martina , Serao Nicola , Chiurazzi Martina , Varanini Maurizio , Sabatino Lina , Scuri Rossana , Colantuoni Antonio , Guida Bruna 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundSeveral studies indicate that hypertension causes major changes in the structure of the vessel wall by affecting the regulation of blood supply to the tissues. Recently, it has been observed that capillary blood flow is also considerably influenced by the structural arrangement of the microvascular networks that undergo rarefaction (reduction of the perfused vessel number). Therefore, this study aimed to assess the geometric arrangements of the pial arteriolar networks and the arteriolar rhythmic diameter changes in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).MethodsFluorescence microscopy was utilized to observe in vivo the pial microcirculation through a closed cranial window. Pial arterioles were classified according to Strahler’s method. The arteriolar rhythmic diameter changes were evaluated by a generalization short-time Fourier transform.ResultYoung SHRs showed four orders of vessels while the adult ones only three orders. The diameter, length, and branching number obeyed Horton’s law; therefore, the vessels were distributed in a fractal manner. Larger arterioles showed more asymmetrical branches than did the smaller ones in young SHRs, while in adult SHRs smaller vessels presented asymmetrical branchings. In adult SHRs, there was a significant reduction in the cross-sectional area compared with the young SHRs: this implies an increase in peripheral resistance. Young and adult age-matched normotensive rats did not show significant alterations in the geometric arteriolar arrangement with advancing age, both had four orders of arteriolar vessels, and the peripheral resistance did not change significantly. Conversely, the frequency components evaluated in arteriolar rhythmic diameter changes of young and adult SHRs showed significant differences because of a reduction in the frequency components related to endothelial activity detected in adult SHRs.ConclusionIn conclusion, hypertension progressively causes changes in the microarchitecture of the arteriolar networks with a smaller number of vessels and consequent reduced conductivity, characteristic of rarefaction. This was accompanied by a reduction in the formation and release of independent and dependent – endothelial nitric oxide components regulating arterial vasomotion.
The New Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Outbreak May Mean That Existing Commercial Vaccines Are Not Enough to Fully Protect Against the Epidemic Strains
Authors: Gao Qi , Zheng Zezhong , Wang Heng , Yi Songqiang , Zhang Guihong , Gong Lang 
Published: July 2021

Background: On October 30, 2020, piglets and sows in the farrowing house of a pig farm in Jiangxi showed clinical symptoms such as anorexia, watery diarrhea, and vomiting. Epidemiological test, clinical necropsy, and RT-PCR test were carried out on the pig farm for diagnosis. After comprehensive considerations, the disease was judged as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection.Results: Thereafter, a series of comprehensive prevention and control measures such as emergency vaccination with autogenous vaccines were adopted. Half a month after inoculation with autogenous vaccines for the farm, the mortality rate of newborn piglets in the farrowing house began to decline, and production gradually returned to being stable. The second-generation sequencing analysis and phylogenetic analysis showed that the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) sequence obtained from the stool and small intestine samples of the diseased pigs on the farm was 97.8% homologous to the vaccine strain. At the same time, antibody testing found that the vaccinated pigs on the pig farm had satisfactory immune response.Conclusion: This case indicated that the PEDV outbreak on the pig farm might aggravate owing to the strain being mutated and could escape the immune protection of the existing vaccine. This case has accumulated technical data for the clinical prevention and control of porcine epidemic diarrhea.
FORMULASI DAN PENGUJIAN STABILITAS FISIK GEL ANTIJERAWAT LIOFILISAT LIMBAH KOKON ASAL KABUPATEN SOPPENG
Authors: Dambur An Maria Redi , Malluka Rifka , Anton Nurafiat , Kursia Sukriani 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Lyophilisate of cocoon silkworm (Bombyx mori L.) possess antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and S. aureus which belong to the group of bacteria that cause acne. Therefore, this research was carried out to make a formula for anti-acne gel based on Carbopol 940®. The gel dosage form was chosen because it is easier to clean from the surface of the skin after use and contains no oil which can increase the severity of acne. The formulation was tested on the physical stability of the preparations in the form of organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, dispersibility, adhesion and viscosity tests. The results of the study showed that the anti-acne gel formulat had a good preparation quality and anti-acne activity. Keywords : Cocoon, gel, anti-acne, Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus ABSTRAK Liofilisat kokon ulat sutera (Bombyx mori L.) memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus epidermidis, dan S. aureus yang merupakan bakteri penyebab jerawat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuat formula sediaan gel antijerawat dengan basis gel Carbopol 940®. Bentuk sediaan gel dipilih karena lebih mudah dibersihkan dari permukaan kulit setelah pemakaian dan tidak mengandung minyak yang dapat meningkatkan keparahan jerawat. Hasil formulasi dilakukan uji stabilitas fisik sediaan berupa uji organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, daya sebar, daya lekat dan viskositas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formulagel antijerawat liofilisat kokon memiliki kualitas sediaan yang baik. Kata kunci: Kokon, gel, antijerawat, Propionibacterium acne, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus
UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT INFUSA BUAH MENGKUDU (Morinda citrifolia L.) PADA Artemia salina MENGGUNAKAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST (BSLT)
Authors: Mutammimah Nuri , Santoso Bilal S A 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Mengkudu fruit (Morinda citifolia L.) is one of plants which has been known and used by indonesian society as traditional medicine. This plant contains alkaloid, phenol, steroid, and flavonoid which can cause toxicity. The aim of this study was to know about acute toxicity of mengkudu fruit infusions using brine shrimp lethality test method which will be indicated by LC50 value. This research was experimental research using post test only control group design that used negative control and 5 concentrations of infusion those are 1000 mg/L, 500 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L, and 10 mg/L. Death of larvae observed 24 hours after giving the infusiona. LC50 of mengkudu fruit infusion is 62,3 mg/L. The result of this study showed that mengkudu fruit infusions cause toxic effect. Keywords : Noni Fruit, Toxycity, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test, LC50 ABSTRAK Buah mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang banyak dikenal dan digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai obat tradisional. Tanaman ini mengandung senyawa alkaloid, fenol, steroid, dan flavonoid yang dapat menyebabkan tosiksitas dalam jumlah pemakaian tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui toksisitas akut infusa buah mengkudu dengan menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test yang akan ditunjukkan oleh nilai LC50. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian ekperimental dengan post test only control group design. Uji ini menggunakan kontrol negatif dan 5 konsentrasi infusa yaitu 1000 mg/L, 500 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 10 mg/L. Kematian larva diamati 24 jam setelah pemberian infusa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai LC50 infusa buah mengkudu sebesar 62,3 mg/L. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah infus buah mengkudu bersifat toksik. Kata kunci: Toksisitas, Mengkudu, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test, LC50
POTENSI ANTIMIKROBA CENGKEH : REVIEW LITERATUR
Authors: Kalalo Marko Jeremia , Gratia Berta , Bidulang Crunny Bidhya , Djafar Fadillah , Edy Hosea Jaya 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Popularity of bioactive compounds from plants as a treatment for microbial infections have increased. The content of chemical compounds in cloves can produce various biological activities. The chemical compounds contained in cloves are phenol, flavonoid, hydroxybenzoate, and hydrokinetic acid, with the main chemical compound being eugenol. This review was prepared using secondary data from the scientific literature databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, and CORE. This review aims to collect, compile, study, and highlight the potential of cloves as an antimicrobial agent from existing literature and databases. The effectiveness of cloves in treating microorganisms has a broad spectrum, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. The antimicrobial activity of ethanol, methanol, acetone extract, and clove essential oil provided antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Cloves show bacteriostatic and bacteriocidic activity with mechanism of action in disrupting or damaging cell wall. Keywords : antimicrobial, clove. ABSTRAKPopularitas senyawa bioaktif tanaman sebagai penanganan infeksi mikroba kian meningkat. Kandungan senyawa kimia cengkeh dapat menghasilkan berbagai aktivitas biologi. Senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam cengkeh adalah fenol, flavonoid, hidroksi benzoat, dan asam hidrokinetik, dengan kandungan senyawa kimia utama eugenol. Review ini dibuat menggunakan data sekunder dari database literatur ilmiah Google Scholar, PubMed, dan CORE. Review ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan, menyusun, mengkaji, dan menyorot potensi cengkeh sebagai agen antimikroba dari literatur dan database yang ada. Efektivitas cengkeh dalam menghabat mikroorganisme memiliki spektrum yang luas mencakup bakteri, jamur, protozoa, dan virus. Aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak etanol, metanol, aseton, minyak atsiri cengkeh memberikan aktivitas antimikroba pada bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif. Cengkeh menunjukkan aktivitas bakteriostatik dan bakteriosidik dengan mekanisme merusak dinding sel. Kata kunci : antimikroba, cengkeh
Analisis Promosi Dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Di DD Kuliner
Authors: Andriani Feni , Emawati Sri 
Published: July 2021

Tingkat persaingan yang ketat antara perusahaan menyebabkan perusahaan harus benar-benar memikirkan strategi yang tepat dalam menghadapi persaingan guna mendapatkan hati konsumennya, sehingga konsumen akan memutuskan membeli produk yang dijual di tempat tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh promosi dan harga terhadap keputusan pembelian di DD kuliner Kota Bima. Penelitian ini berjenis asosiatif, dengan populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh konsumen yang pernah membeli produk di DD Kuliner Kota Bima yang jumlahnya tidak diketahui secara pasti. Jumlah sample dalam penelitian alternatif berjumlah 50 orang responden. Teknik pengambilan Sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data adalah kuesioner dengan skala likert yang diberi skor 1 sampai 5.
penelitian ini berjenis asosiatif dengan jenis data kuantitatif dari sumber data primer. Teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi, korelasi, uji determinasi dan uji t. Hasil penelitian uji t dan uji f menunjukan bahwa keputusan pembelian produk di DD Kuliner Kota Bima dapat dipengaruhi oleh promosi yang dilakukan serta harga yang ditetapkan oleh pihak DD Kuliner Kota Bima.
The Hypocrisy in Anthon Chekov's The Bear
Authors: Sumarsono Irwan , Masofa Ima 
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted to analyze the hypocrisy of Popova’s and Smirnov’s in Anthon Chekov’s The Bear. It is a qualitative research with psychological approach. Data were collected from the main source and the other sources before they were analyzed using the descriptive analytic techniques The Bear was the main source of this study, and the other sources derived from books, journals and from the internet. The study focused on the factors behind the reasons why Popova and Smirnov became hypocrites, how they changed their mind and personality so suddently. Anthon Chekov;s The Bear was a criticism to its society where people wanted to get good moral value, but they were not consistence with what they said. Popova and Smirnov have shown us how hypocrisy they were. They wanted to be considered as good members of society, but what they did was different from what they said.
Analisis Respon Mahasiswa dalam Pembelajaran Online Berbasis Aktifitas di Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Setiono Setiono 
Published: July 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian deskriptif ini adalah untuk melakukan analisis terhadap respon mahasiswa selama pembelajaran daring pada mata kuliah Pengelolaan Pendidikan dengan menggunakan E-learning berupa LMS yang disediakan oleh pihak kampus. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan kuantitaif. Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Universitas Muhammadiyah sukabumi yang mengambil mata kuliah pengelolaan pendidikan (n= 78) yang merupakan mahasiswa Pendidikan Biologi, Pendidikan Matematika dan Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket respon mahasiswa selama pembelajaran daring dilaksanakan. Berdasarkan pengolahan dan analisis data bahwa pembelajaran daring yang dilaksanakan oleh dosen pada mata kuliah Pengelolaan Pendidikan sudah efektif, efisien, bervariasi, membantu mahasiswa memahami materi, membentuk kemandirian belajar, serta meningkatkan partisipasi aktif mahasiswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Pada penelitian ini juga diperoleh informasi berupa saran konstruktif dari mahasiswa terkait dengan pembelajaran daring yang harus dilakukan oleh dosen.selain itu mahasiswa juga menemukan sejumlah kedala terkait dengan pembelajaran daring mengunakan LMS, salah satu kendala yang paling umum adalah aksesibilitas mahasiswa dalam mengakses LMS serta beberapa fitur dalam LMS yang kurang praktis sehingga menghambat proses pembelajaran dalam LMS.