bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advances in Single-Cell Profiling and Multispecific Therapeutics: Paving the Way for a New Era of Precision Medicine Targeting Cardiac Fibroblasts
Authors: Shi Sally Yu , Luo Xin , Yamawaki Tracy M. , Li Chi-Ming , Ason Brandon , Furtado Milena B. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Cardiac fibroblast activation contributes to fibrosis, maladaptive remodeling and heart failure progression. This review summarizes the latest findings on cardiac fibroblast activation dynamics derived from single-cell transcriptomic analyses and discusses how this information may aid the development of new multispecific medicines.

Recent Findings
Advances in single-cell gene expression technologies have led to the discovery of distinct fibroblast subsets, some of which are more prevalent in diseased tissue and exhibit temporal changes in response to injury. In parallel to the rapid development of single-cell platforms, the advent of multispecific therapeutics is beginning to transform the biopharmaceutical landscape, paving the way for the selective targeting of diseased fibroblast subpopulations.

Summary
Insights gained from single-cell technologies reveal critical cardiac fibroblast subsets that play a pathogenic role in the progression of heart failure. Combined with the development of multispecific therapeutic agents that have enabled access to previously “undruggable” targets, we are entering a new era of precision medicine.
Characteristics of hospitalized patients with depression and their relationship with the surrounding environment: A study in a class 3A hospital in Shanghai
Authors: Tao Tianhui , Shi Yishao , Yang Qianqian , Li Shanzhu , Guo Xiatong , Pei Xiaowen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe World Health Organization predicted that depression will become the second greatest disease burden after coronary heart disease by 2020. However, there are few quantitative studies on the spatial relationship between environmental factors and characteristics of patients with depression. In this paper, mathematical statistics, geographical information system and regression methods were used to conduct a quantitative analysis of the individual attributes of hospitalized patients with depression in a Class 3A hospital in Shanghai from 2013 to 2019 and to explore the relationship between individual attributes and circumjacent environmental factors. The results show that (1) the total number of patients with depression has increased in recent years, and the proportion of women was increased 2.5-fold compared with that of men. The risk was significantly increased in middle-aged and young adults aged 45–69 years compared with other age groups. The average hospitalization time was 20–30 days. The lower the level of education, the greater the risk of depression. (2) Within a certain spatial range, the closer to city parks and coffee shops, the lower the distribution density of depressed patients. (3) Medical insurance for patients with depression needs to implement a “people-oriented” differentiation policy. (4) Expanding urban public space, improving urban leisure and entertainment infrastructure, and introducing coffee shops into large-scale residential communities are three important strategies to prevent and treat depression.
Morphology, geometric morphometrics, and taxonomy in relict deciduous oaks woods in northern Italy
Authors: Proietti Elisa , Filesi Leonardo , Di Marzio Piera , Di Pietro Romeo , Masin Rizzieri , Conte Antonio Luca , Fortini Paola 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Euganean Hills are a well-known refugee site for thermophilous woody flora in northern Italy. Among the species recorded here, there is Quercus dalechampii. The Euganean Hills are the only northern Italy site where the occurrence of this oak species is considered. The aim of this paper was to verify the presence of Q. dalechampii in the study area and to select possible diagnostic morphological traits that are usable to distinguish it from Q. petraea and Q. pubescens. Forest stands dominated by Q. petraea, Q. pubescens, and the presumed Q. dalechampii were sampled using the phytosociological approach to highlight their ecological features. Leaf and fruit material from 104 oak individuals was analysed from a macro-morphological and micro-morphological point of view. Leaf shape was also analysed using the geometric morphometric approach. All multivariate analysis procedures applied on the matrices of leaf and fruit traits highlighted two main clusters of morphological diversity. One was restricted to Q. pubescens individuals, and the other one was a mix of Q. petraea and presumed Q. dalechampii individuals. According to the twig and leaf trichome traits, all presumed Q. dalechampii individuals were classified as belonging to the Q. petraea collective group. Morphological differences between Q. petraea and presumed Q. dalechampii were considered not significant. In conclusion, the occurrence of a third oak species, in addition to Q. petraea and Q. pubescens, was not confirmed for the study area by the results of this paper.

Graphic abstract
The role of ethics in science: a systematic literature review from the first wave of COVID-19
Authors: Maccaro Alessia , Piaggio Davide , Pagliara Silvio , Pecchia Leandro 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a systematic literature review on ethics and CoviD-19, aiming to understand the impact and the perception of the pandemic during the first wave (January-June 2020) and the consequences one year later.
PubMed was systematically searched up May 2020 to identify studies that took into consideration various ethical issues that have been arising from the Covid-19 outbreak. The eligibility of the papers was determined by two authors, who screened the results mediated by a third author. In order to facilitate the screening, the titles were divided into five sub-thematic macro-areas, namely allocation, policy, specialist, clinical trials, and technology and, when possible, per geographical area. Specifically, a posteriori, we decided to focus on the papers referring to policies and technology, as they highlighted ethical issues that are not overused and worthy of particular attention.
Thus, 38 studies out of 233 met our inclusion criteria and were fully analysed. Accordingly, this review touches on themes such as fairness, equity, transparency of information, the duty of care, racial disparities, the marginalisation of the poor, and privacy and ethical concerns.
Overall, it was found that despite the increased awareness of interdisciplinarity and the essential reference to ethics, many scientific articles use it with little competence, considering it only a "humanitarian" enrichment. In fact, as we understand, reflecting a year after the outbreak of the pandemic, although Covid-19 is leading scientists to increasingly recognise the importance of ethical issues, there is still a lot of confusion that could be helped by establishing international guidelines to act as a moral compass in times of crisis.
A theory of scaling for community-based fisheries management
Authors: Steenbergen Dirk J. , Song Andrew M. , Andrew Neil 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCommunity-based approaches to fisheries management has emerged as a mainstream strategy to govern dispersed, diverse and dynamic small scale fisheries. However, amplifying local community led sustainability outcomes remains an enduring challenge. We seek to fill a theoretical gap in the conceptualization of ‘scaling up community-based fisheries management’. We draw on literature of agriculture innovations to provide a framework that takes into account process-driven and structural change occurring across multiple levels of governance, as well as different phases of scaling. We hypothesize that successful scaling requires engagement with all aspects of a governing regime, coalescing a range of actors, and therefore, is an enterprise that is larger than its parts. To demonstrate where the framework offers value, we illustrate the development of community-based fisheries management in Vanuatu according to the framework’s main scaling dimensions.
Application of Pulsed Rhythmic Drug Administration to Ovulation Induction Therapy in PCOS Patients with Clomiphene-Resistance: a Retrospective Research
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Zheng Aiyan , Yang Jihong , Feng Ting , Zhang Yan , Hao Yingying , Li Suying , Qian Yun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThere is currently a dispute over the choice of ovulation induction treatment for infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The objective of this study is to compare the therapeutic effect of pulsed rhythmic administration protocol (PRAP) with conventional letrozole + human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) in patients with clomiphene-resistance polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A retrospective analysis of 821 intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles between January 2015 and January 2020 was performed. Of these, 483 cycles were treated with a pulsed rhythmic administration protocol (PRAP), and 338 cycles were treated with conventional letrozole + HMG protocol (LHP). The therapeutic effect of the two protocols has been compared. The pregnancy rate was 18.07% in the LHP and 27.07% in the PRAP. The ongoing pregnancy rate in LHP was 14.46% and in PRAP was 22.73%. The research suggests that PRAP is more effective than LHP and could be an adequate ovulation induction strategy for the IUI cycle of patients with clomiphene-resistance PCOS.
Wine Ratings: Seeking a Consensus among Tasters via Normalization, Approval, and Aggregation
Authors: Gergaud Olivier , Ginsburgh Victor , Moreno-Ternero Juan D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe modern era of wine journalism has provided abundant information about wines and widespread use of numerical rating systems. A tiny difference, especially at the top of the distribution of ratings, may have striking consequences on wine sales and investment returns. This article provides a general framework to obtain a consensus among tasters’ opinions (reflected as numerical wine ratings) via three subsequent stages: normalization, approval, and aggregation. It is inspired by contributions in political science, social choice, game theory, and operations research. We apply it to the Judgment of Paris as well as to rank 2018 en-primeur Bordeaux wines, rated by five international experts. (JEL Classifications: C18, L15, L66)
COMMUTATOR EQUATIONS IN FINITE GROUPS
Authors: IRIMOTO KANTO , TORRES-GIESE ENRIQUE 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe problem of finding the number of ordered commuting tuples of elements in a finite group is equivalent to finding the size of the solution set of the system of equations determined by the commutator relations that impose commutativity among any pair of elements from an ordered tuple. We consider this type of systems for the case of ordered triples and express the size of the solution set in terms of the irreducible characters of the group. The obtained formulas are natural extensions of Frobenius’ character formula that calculates the number of ways a group element is a commutator of an ordered pair of elements in a finite group. We discuss how our formulas can be used to study the probability distributions afforded by these systems of equations, and we show explicit calculations for dihedral groups.
Preferences, vote choice, and the politics of social investment: Addressing the puzzle of unequal benefits of childcare provision
Authors: NEIMANNS ERIK 
Published: June 2021

AbstractResearch on the politics of social investment finds public opinion to be highly supportive of expansive reforms and expects this support to matter for the politics of expanding social investment. Expanding social investment, it is argued, should be particularly attractive to left-wing voters and parties because of the egalitarian potential of such policies. However, few studies have examined to what extent individual preferences concerning social investment really matter politically. In this paper, I address this research gap for the crucial policy field of childcare by examining how individual-level preferences for expanding childcare provision translate into voting behavior. Based on original survey data from eight European countries, I find that preferences to expand public childcare spending indeed translate into electoral support for the left. However, this link from preferences to votes turns out to be socially biased. Childcare preferences are much more decisive for voting the further up individuals are in the income distribution. This imperfect transmission from preferences to voting behavior implies that political parties could have incentives to target the benefits of childcare reforms to their more affluent voters. My findings help to explain why governments frequently fail to reduce social inequality of access to seemingly egalitarian childcare provision.
Forts, Vici and Related Extramural Activity in Wales and the Marches: Recent Discoveries at the Roman Fort of Pen y Gaer (Powys) and their Wider Implications
Authors: Burnham Barry C. , Davies Jeffrey L. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTRecent aerial photographs of Pen y Gaer have revealed significant new details about the fort and its extramural adjuncts. These provide a springboard for examining the wider implications for extramural activity outside other forts across Wales and the Marches, and for exploring the function and chronology of potentially official buildings within the wider landscape of communications and control. Such an approach invites comparison with other frontier regions.
Association between Mode of Transportation and Survival in Adult Trauma Patients with Blunt Injuries: Matched Cohort Study between Police and Ground Ambulance Transport
Authors: Sakr Fouad A. , Bachir Rana H. , El Sayed Mazen J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroduction:Early police transport (PT) of penetrating trauma patients has the potential to improve survival rates for trauma patients. There are no well-established guidelines for the transport of blunt trauma patients by PT currently.Study Objective:This study examines the association between the survival rate of blunt trauma patients and the transport modality (police versus ground ambulance).Methods:A retrospective, matched cohort study was conducted using the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB). All blunt trauma patients transported by police to trauma centers were identified and matched (one-to-four) to patients transported by ground Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for analysis. Descriptive analysis was carried out. This was followed by comparing all patients’ characteristics and their survival rates in terms of the mode of transportation.Results:Out of the 2,469 patients with blunt injuries, EMS transported 1,846 patients and police transported 623 patients. Most patients were 16-64 years of age (86.2%) with a male predominance (82.5%). Fall (38.4%) was the most common mechanism of injury with majority of injuries involving the head and neck body part (64.8%). Fractures were the most common nature of injury (62.1%). The overall survival rate of adult blunt trauma patients was similar for both methods of transportation (99.2%; P = 1.000).Conclusion:In this study, adult blunt trauma patients transported by police had similar outcomes to those transported by EMS. As such, PT in trauma should be encouraged and protocolized to improve resource utilization and outcomes further.
Beyond adoption: the interaction between organic and inorganic fertilizer application, and vegetable productivity in Ghana
Authors: Amfo Bismark , Baba Ali Ernest 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study explores the causal association between organic and inorganic fertilizer application and vegetable productivity in Ghana. Primary data were obtained from 300 pepper, cabbage and lettuce producers. To correct for self-selection bias and endogeneity, Heckman selection and three-stage least-squares models were estimated. More producers used inorganic fertilizers for pepper, cabbage and lettuce production than those who used organic fertilizers. Vegetable producers applied higher quantities of organic fertilizers (2830 kg) per acre than inorganic fertilizers (880 kg). Organic cabbage and lettuce producers recorded higher productivity than inorganic producers, but inorganic pepper producers had higher productivity than organic producers. However, vegetable producers who applied either organic or inorganic fertilizers, or both, recorded higher productivity than those who did not apply fertilizer. Factors that enhance the application of organic and inorganic fertilizers and vegetable productivity are education, farm size and production for export, land ownership, farmer association membership and perception about fertilizer price. Organic and inorganic fertilizer application improves vegetable productivity, and productivity promotes fertilizer application. Private agencies and government should subsidize fertilizers, improve producers' access to agricultural information, and train producers on productivity-enhancing agronomic practices.
What is a firm? A reply to Jean-Philippe Robé
Authors: Deakin Simon , Gindis David , Hodgson Geoffrey M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn his recent book onProperty, Power and Politics, Jean-Philippe Robé makes a strong case for the need to understand the legal foundations of modern capitalism. He also insists that it is important to distinguish between firms and corporations. We agree. But Robé criticizes our definition of firms in terms of legally recognized capacities on the grounds that it does not take the distinction seriously enough. He argues that firms are not legally recognized as such, as the law only knows corporations. This argument, which is capable of different interpretations, leads to the bizarre result that corporations are not firms. Using etymological and other evidence, we show that firms are treated as legally constituted business entities in both common parlance and legal discourse. The way the law defines firms and corporations, while the product of a discourse which is in many ways distinct from everyday language, has such profound implications for the way firms operate in practice that no institutional theory of the firm worthy of the name can afford to ignore it.
Magma Decompression Rate Calculations With EMBER: A User‐Friendly Software to Model Diffusion of H2O, CO2, and S in Melt Embayments
Authors: Georgeais Guillaume , Koga Kenneth T. , Moussallam Yves , Rose‐Koga Estelle F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMagma decompression rate is one of the most important parameters in controlling eruption dynamics. One way to determine decompression rate is by fitting a volatile elements diffusion profile to a concentration gradient in crystal‐hosted embayments. Previous studies have used a variety of diffusion models, limiting the possibility for inter‐study comparison. Here, we introduce EMBayment‐Estimated Rates (EMBER), a standalone versatile tool that models diffusion of volatile elements along melt embayments. Our model relies on the pdepe function of MATLAB to calculate diffusion profiles of H2O, CO2, and S through the finite difference method. EMBER uses a grid search seeking out the best fits for decompression rates, initial dissolved concentration of each studied volatile and initial exsolved gas content, while setting three constants: temperature along the ascent and pressure at the beginning and end of the ascent. Our model can compute the rate for basaltic, intermediate, and rhyolitic compositions. We applied EMBER to previous studies to evaluate and validate our model. We then reprocessed “homogeneously” the raw data from the literature for a comparison. In other words, the same protocol was used for each diffusion profiles removing the literature‐specific strategies used to constrain unknown parameters. With this comparison, we found a statistically significant positive correlation between maximum magma decompression rates and explosivity of the related eruption. EMBER is expected to help increase the number of volatile diffusion in embayments studies aiming at constraining magma decompression and ascent rates and to facilitate inter‐study comparisons.
A New Reference Model for the Evolution of Oceanic Lithosphere in a Cooling Earth
Authors: Korenaga Tomoko , Korenaga Jun , Kawakatsu Hitoshi , Yamano Makoto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a new reference model for the evolution of oceanic lithosphere, which incorporates the effects of incomplete viscous relaxation, radiogenic heating, and secular cooling. The new reference model is based solely on thermal conduction, that is, without involving the occurrence of small‐scale convection, and unlike the plate model, it does not contain unphysical boundary conditions. Yet, our model can explain both bathymetry and the heat flow data on the normal seafloor. The success of the new model owes to the use of realistic material properties in conduction modeling as well as the consideration of all of major processes that take place ubiquitously beneath seafloor. The effect of secular cooling on the bathymetry of old seafloor is particularly notable. Whereas secular cooling brings only weak temperature variations with an amplitude of ∼20 K, it can nonetheless affect global bathymetry substantially owing to the deep sensitivity of long‐wavelength topography kernels. We suggest that the well‐known fact that Earth has been cooling, which was not considered in any of previous reference models, may be the key to the long‐standing puzzle of seafloor flattening. The new reference model is expected to be useful to better quantify the impact of the emplacement of hotspot islands and oceanic plateaus, the effect of small‐scale convection, and the regional history of secular cooling in the convecting mantle.
Robust Asymmetry of the Future Arctic Polar Vortex Is Driven by Tropical Pacific Warming
Authors: Matsumura Shinji , Yamazaki Koji , Horinouchi Takeshi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe future stratosphere is globally dominated by a strong radiative cooling due to the increase in greenhouse gases. However, we find that over North America, the Arctic stratospheric cooling is suppressed or rather warming occurs, whereas over Eurasia stratospheric cooling is most pronounced, leading to an asymmetric polar vortex, based on 21st century climate model simulations. There are many causes that drive polar vortex variability, which make future projections highly uncertain. Our model simulations demonstrate that tropical warming induces the asymmetric polar vortex. The eastern equatorial Pacific warming causes eastward‐shifted teleconnection with a deepened Aleutian low, which strengthens the polar vortex over Eurasia and weakens over North America by enhancing the vertical wave propagation into the stratosphere. The asymmetric polar vortex is projected to markedly develop in the 2030s, and so could affect winter surface climate over mid‐ to high‐latitudes of Eurasia in the near future.