bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educación y Estado en la historia de Colombia
Authors: González Fernán 
Published: October 2021

El presente estudio busca mostrar el contexto social y político de la educación a través del desarrollo de nuestra historia, poniendo en relación las políticas y concepciones educativas con el desarrollo de las ideas políticas, con los momentos cumbres de nuestra historia social y económica, con el desarrollo de la lucha entre los partidos políticos y, de manera especial, con los enfrentamientos entre la Iglesia y el Estado.Se aclara así el sentido del desarrollo de la educación privada en relación con la lucha por el poder y el sentido de la intervención estatal en el campo educativo, desde la Colonia hasta nuestros días. Tradicionalmente, la educación privada fue el refugio de los disidentes políticos, marginados de la política educativa del Estado. Hoy en día, el avance de la educación privada en el campo universitario parece ser de signo distinto: es una reacción frente a la politización universitaria, que amenazaba poner a la educación fuera del control del Estado.Palabras Clave: Educación, Educación privada, Desarrollo educativo, Universidad, Historia, Idea politicas, Iglesia, Estado
Biosorpsi Logam Berat Kromium Heksavalen (Cr6+) Dalam Limbah Pendidikan Dengan Menggunakan Biomassa Saccharomyses cerevisiae
Authors: Aeni Suci Rizky Nurul 
Published: October 2021

Latar belakang: Limbah industri merupakan salah satu masalah utama dalam pencemaran lingkungan karena kehadiran logam berat didalamnya. Salah satu logam berat yang bersifat toksik ialah logam kromium (Cr). Logam berat Cr6+ merupakan bentuk logam yang paling toksik. Toksik yang dibawa logam ini dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya keracunan kronis, akut, dan dapat menyebabkan kanker. Biosorpsi merupakan metode alternatif menggunakan bahan biologis untuk menyerap logam berat. Salah satu biomaterial yang dapat digunakan adalah jamur Saccharomyses cerevisiae. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengadsorpsi logam berat Cr6+ dalam limbah industri tekstil oleh biomassa S.cerevisiae dengan variasi konsentrasi biomassa dan variasi kecepatan pengadukan. Metode Penelitian: Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif. Konsentrasi biomassa S. cerevisiae yang diujikan pada penelitian ini adalah 0,4g, 0,8g dan 1,2g. Kecepatan pengadukan yang diujikan yaitu low, medium dan high. Sampel yang digunakan adalah air limbah tekstil pendidikan dari jurusan kimia tekstil di Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Tekstil Bandung (STTT Bandung) yang mengandung logam berat Cr6+. Kadar logam Cr6+ dihitung berdasarkan kurva standar yang diukur dengan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis panjang gelombang 525 nm. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil pengujian tersebut memberikan kesimpulan bahwa S. cerevisiae dapat menurunkan kadar logam Cr6+ dalam air limbah tekstil dengan kecepatan pengadukan optimum yaitu high dan kosentrasi biomassa optimum yaitu 1,2 gr, dimana kadar awal logam sebelum biosorpsi yaitu 4,88 mg/L menjadi 1,91 mg/L setelah biosorpsi. Simpulan: Biomassa S. cerevisiae dapat menurunkan kadar logam Cr6+ dalam air limbah tekstil dengan kecepatan pengadukan optimum yaitu high dan kosentrasi biomassa optimum yaitu 1,2 gr
Een probleem rondom het nemo tenetur-beginsel?
Authors: Nan J.S. (Joost) 
Published: October 2021

Een probleem rondom het nemo tenetur-beginsel?
Het recht van een verdachte om niet mee te hoeven werken aan zijn eigen veroordeling (het nemo tenetur-beginsel), is samen met het zwijgrecht een hoeksteen in ons strafprocesrecht. Voor het positieve recht is het echter nog steeds geen uitgemaakte zaak wat de inhoud van het beginsel precies is. Toch kan men daarover duidelijk een divergentie waarnemen tussen de opvatting van de Nederlandse (hoogste) rechters en het EHRM.
Allelopathic Effects of Extract Robinia pseudoacacia L. and Chenopodium album L. on Germination of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
Authors: Bektić Sanida , Huseinović Samira , Husanović Jasminka , Memić Senad 
Published: October 2021

Allelopathy can have an important applicaiton in areas of agriculture, especially in integrated protection from weeds, by using of allelopathic crops in different ways. In this research allelopathic effects of invasive species acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and white goosefood (Chenopodium album L.) are explored on germination of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Water extracts of dry leaves of white goosefoot and acacia are prepared according tothe method : Norsworthy (2003). Experiment has been made in controlled laboratory conditions. Results of this research show that acacia and white goosefood have negative allelopathy potential and they act inhibitory on germination of tomatoes. Research of allelopathy and allelopathic relationships of weed species and agricultural cultures represents a big challenge for those people who are working in food production, and at the same time can be an instrument of ecologically sustainable agriculture.
Cannabidiol‐induced activation of the metallothionein pathway impedes anticancer effects of disulfiram and its metabolite CuET
Authors: Buchtova Tereza , Skrott Zdenek , Chroma Katarina , Rehulka Jiri , Dzubak Petr , Hajduch Marian , Lukac David , Arampatzis Stefanos , Bartek Jiri , Mistrik Martin 
Published: October 2021

Disulfiram (DSF), an established alcohol‐aversion drug, is a candidate for repurposing in cancer treatment. DSF’s antitumor activity is supported by preclinical studies, case reports, and small clinical trials; however, ongoing clinical trials of advanced‐stage cancer patients encounter variable results. Here, we show that one reason for the inconsistent clinical effects of DSF may reflect interference by other drugs. Using a high‐throughput screening and automated microscopy, we identify cannabidiol, an abundant component of the marijuana plant used by cancer patients to mitigate side effects of chemotherapy, as a likely cause of resistance to DSF. Mechanistically, in cancer cells, cannabidiol triggers the expression of metallothioneins providing protective effects by binding heavy metal‐based substances including the bis‐diethyldithiocarbamate‐copper complex (CuET). CuET is the documented anticancer metabolite of DSF, and we show here that the CuET’s anticancer toxicity is effectively neutralized by metallothioneins. Overall, this work highlights an example of undesirable interference between cancer therapy and the concomitant usage of marijuana products. In contrast, we report that insufficiency of metallothioneins sensitizes cancer cells toward CuET, suggesting a potential predictive biomarker for DSF repurposing in oncology.
Stretchable Soft Composites with Strain‐Induced Architectured Color
Authors: Poloni Erik , Rafsanjani Ahmad , Place Vadim , Ferretti David , Studart André R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractColors enable interaction and communication between living species in a myriad of biological and artificial environments. While living organisms feature low‐power mechanisms to dynamically control color in soft tissues, man‐made color‐changing devices remain predominantly rigid and energy intensive. Here, architectured composites that display striking color changes when stretched in selective directions under ambient light with minimum power input are reported. The orientation‐dependent color change results from the rotation of reflective coated platelets that are embedded in a soft polymer matrix and pre‐aligned in a well‐defined architecture. The light reflected by the platelets generates structural color defined by the oxide coating on the platelet surface. By magnetically programming the initial orientation and spatial distribution of selected platelets within the soft matrix, composites with strain‐modulated color‐changing effects that cannot be achieved using state‐of‐the‐art technologies are created. The proposed concept of strain‐induced architectured color can be harnessed to develop low‐power smart stretchable displays, tactile synthetic skins, and autonomous soft robotic devices that undergo fast and reversible color changes through the mechano‐optic coupling programmed within their soft composite architecture.
Deep‐Red Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes Based on One‐Step‐Formed γ‐CsPbI3 Cuboid Crystallites
Authors: Miao Yanfeng , Liu Xiaomin , Chen Yuetian , Zhang Taiyang , Wang Tianfu , Zhao Yixin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInorganic CsPbI3 perovskite with high chemical stability is attractive for efficient deep‐red perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with high color purity. Compared to PeLEDs based on ex‐situ‐synthesized CsPbI3 nanocrystals/quantum dots suffering from low conductivity and efficiency droop under high current densities, in situ deposited 3D CsPbI3 films from precursor solutions can maintain high conductivity but show high trap density. Here, it is demonstrated that introducing diammonium iodide can increase the size of colloids in the precursor solution, retard the phase‐transition rate, and passivate trap states of the in‐situ‐formed cuboid crystallites. The PeLED based on the one‐step‐formed 3D CsPbI3 cuboid crystallite films shows a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) value up to 15.03% because of the high conductivity and reduced trap states. Furthermore, this one‐step method also has a wide processing window, which is attractive for flow‐line production of large‐area PeLED modules. The fabrication of a 9 cm2 PeLED that exhibits a peak EQE of 10.30% is successfully demonstrated.
Spatially Controlled 3D Printing of Dual‐Curing Urethane Elastomers
Authors: Howell Brian M. , Cook Caitlyn C. , Grapes Michael D. , Dubbin Karen , Robertson Emily L. , Sain John D. , Sullivan Kyle T. , Duoss Eric B. , Bukovsky Eric V. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract3D printing of functional materials with spatial control of structure and composition is useful for many applications and increases design space. Here, a microextrusion‐based method, known as direct ink writing (DIW), is harnessed to further advance 3D complexity by tuning dual‐cure ink formulations via varying fillers and filler concentrations. In these inks, low‐molecular‐weight minor acrylate components enable printing of complex shapes by rapid UV curing during printing while the major heat‐cured urethane components provide elastomeric properties when forming a urethane‐grafted acrylate polymer (UGAP). The printing process itself displays exquisite control of structure and composition as well as robustness to inks exhibiting a wide range of yield stresses (between 11.5 and 8042 Pa) while still maintaining necessary shape retention during printing. By incorporating micro‐ or nanosized solid fillers in the inks, an expansive range of both structural and mechanical properties are achievable. Additionally, by modulating the ratio of resin and solid fillers, various combinations of print‐mold and pore‐forming steps can be employed to expand the design space. The power and versatility of these process permutations are demonstrated by producing a broad range of complex components with controlled properties and performance for applications such as soft robotics.
Initiating Electron Transfer in Doubly Curved Nanographene Upon Supramolecular Complexation of C60
Authors: Zank Simon , Fernández‐García Jesús M. , Stasyuk Anton J. , Voityuk Alexander A. , Krug Marcel , Solà Miquel , Guldi Dirk M. , Martín Nazario 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe formation of supramolecular complexes between C60 and a molecular nanographene endowed with both positive and negative curvatures is described. The presence of a corannulene moiety and the saddle shape of the molecular nanographene allows the formation of complexes with 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 stoichiometries. The association constants for the three possible supramolecular complexes were determined by 1H NMR titration. Furthermore, the stability of the three complexes was calculated by theoretical methods that also predict the photoinduced electron transfer from the curved nanographene to the electron acceptor C60. Time‐resolved transient absorption measurements on the ns‐time scale showed that the addition of C60 to NG‐1 solutions and photo‐exciting them at 460 nm leads to the solvent‐dependent formation of new species, in particular the formation of the one‐electron reduced form of C60 in benzonitrile was observed.
When is protection not conservation? A case study of semi‐natural freshwater marshes in Hong Kong
Authors: So Ken Ying Kin , Dudgeon David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractActive and abandoned paddy fields are valuable habitats for aquatic fauna in monsoonal Asia. Changes in land use and farming practices have caused substantial losses of paddy‐derived marshes in recent decades. Few of those remaining have been designated as protected areas for biodiversity or are managed for conservation.Between 2014 and 2017, 35 paddy‐derived marshes (13 protected and 22 unprotected) in Hong Kong were visited with the aim of sampling aquatic macroinvertebrates and assessing the vulnerability of sites to different threats. Twenty of them had been sampled in 1996, allowing the investigation of biodiversity change over time in relation to protection status. The representativeness of protected marshes was evaluated based on their α‐, β‐ and γ‐diversity.In total, 272 macroinvertebrate taxa were recorded (mean, 57 morphospecies per site). Out of the 20 resurveyed sites, five (three protected) were terrestrialized and four (all unprotected) had been filled in between 1996 and 2014–2017. The relative changes in α‐ and β‐diversity of the remaining 11 resurveyed marshes were unaffected by their protection status.The 10 remaining protected marshes had similar α‐ and β‐diversity to those of unprotected sites and, in total, hosted fewer species than the mean value obtained in 9,999 random selections of the same number of sites, indicating that macroinvertebrate diversity was not very well represented within the protected marshes.Protection alone was not successful as a conservation measure because it failed to prevent the degradation and loss of paddy‐derived marshlands in Hong Kong. Furthermore, a failure to consider biodiversity when the sites were designated as protected reduced the representativeness and effectiveness of the protected area network for achieving the conservation objectives.Conservation planners need to take account of freshwater biodiversity (especially aquatic insects) during the selection of marshland sites for protection and ensure that protected sites are appropriately managed.
Novel dual‐sensitization electrochemiluminescence immunosensor using photopermeable Ru(bpy)32+‐doped chitosan/SiO2 nanoparticles as labels and chitosan‐decorated Nafion/MWNTs composites as enhancer
Authors: Chang Zheng , Zhang Chao , Yao Binghua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA novel dual‐sensitization electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for the detection of tumour protein prostate specific antigen (PSA) at trace level using Ru(bpy)32+‐doped chitosan/SiO2 nanoparticles (Ru(bpy)32+/chitosan/SiO2 NPs) as the first signal enhancers was fabricated. Due to chitosan with excellent pore forming capacity, these nanoparticles possess porous structures and better photopermeability, and therefore have higher luminescence efficiencies compared with Ru(bpy)32+/SiO2 NPs reported in previous publications. Conversely, chitosan with good biocompatibility and high hydrophilicity was electrochemically decorated onto a Nafion/multiwall carbon nanotubes (Nafion/MWNTs) modified electrode surface and used as the second sensitizing matrix to seize large amounts of prostate specific capture antibody (Ab1). The chitosan‐decorated Nafion/MWNTs composites exhibited a 5.5‐times higher ECL intensity than the unadorned Nafion/MWNTs films. Also, without additional reagents, such as (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTS), the one‐step functionalized Ru(bpy)32+/chitosan/SiO2 NPs provided a large number of active arms to connect with PSA‐detected antibodies (Ab2) through the amino groups in chitosan. After a sandwich immunoreaction, the PSA antigen and Ru(bpy)32+/chitosan/SiO2 NPs‐labelled Ab2 were sequentially captured onto the Ab1/chitosan/Nafion/MWNTs‐modified electrode surface. The ECL signal increases were linearly related to the PSA antigen concentrations and ranged from 0.01 pg·mLl−1 to 10.0 pg·mLl−1. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the immunosensor displayed excellent sensitivity and selectivity. The detection limit was as low as 3.4 fg·mLl−1, equivalent to, or better than, those of the reported ECL immunosensors for PSA.
Oat protein as a novel protein ingredient: Structure, functionality, and factors impacting utilization
Authors: Mel Roshema , Malalgoda Maneka 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis review outlines the current state of oat usage and potential use as a protein ingredient, oat protein extraction techniques, oat protein structure and functionality, and the effect of genotype and environment (G × E) factors on oat protein quality.FindingsOat protein shows structural similarities to soy glycinin and has the potential to be used as a novel functional ingredient in food processing. Additionally, the globulin protein, which accounts for about 70%–80% of oat protein content, exhibits high heat stability than most plant proteins. The protein content of oat is strongly dependent on G × E, as well as agricultural practices, such as fertilizer use, thus, the importance of investigating these factors for increasing oat protein utilization in the food industry.ConclusionsThe versatility of oat protein as a food ingredient is yet to be discovered, and current research addresses some of aspects of oat protein utilization, although more research is needed to determine G × E impacts on oat protein structure and functionality.Significance and NoveltyThis review provides novel insights into how oat protein can be used as a functional protein ingredient in food applications and how structural properties and functionality could be influenced by G × E factors.
Improving the detection limit in capillary isotachophoresis using asymmetric neutralisation reaction boundary
Authors: Koukalová Lenka , Glovinová Eliška , Ondračka Tomáš , Pospíchal Jan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn online method involving transient electrokinetic dosing and ITP with neutralization reaction boundary (NRB) and/or carrier ampholyte‐free isoelectric focusing (CAF IEF) was developed for the preconcentration, preseparation, and analytical determination of glyphosate in aqueous samples containing low concentrations of the analyte of interest. Various parameters were investigated in the framework of an optimization study with the aim of achieving the maximum concentration limit of detection (cLOD) decrease in minimum time. The proposed method used CAF IEF and/or ITP with NRB. The sample was dosed to the column on the stationary reaction boundary (CAF IEF) and/or moving reaction boundary (ITP with NRB), whereat a sharp pH step exists. Here, charge reversal was due to the ampholytes, and/or acid accumulation occurred because of charge loss. Similarly, the accumulated sample was mobilized with TE and analyzed using classical ITP in the second analytical column. Glyphosate (GLY), the analyte of interest, was chosen as a model substance for ITP with NRB and preconcentration as well as focusing preconcentration and CAF IEF using the asymmetric purpose‐built NRB. On one side of the asymmetric boundary was the zone of acidic pH; while the opposite side comprised a neutral/basic non‐conductive zone of the ampholyte—in this case, GLY. Such an arrangement enables the use of a lower pH on the acidic side, which allows the focusing of strongly acidic ampholytes and the accumulation of weak acids. The electrolyte composition and the dosing time were optimized, and a 14‐fold accumulation was achieved in 25 min compared to that by classical ITP and a 180‐fold accumulation was achieved through CAF IEF and preconcentration with a glyphosate sample. Both methods are simple and can be conducted using all commercial ITP systems.
Multiplasmid DNA in agarose gel electrophoresis: Suitable dye and temperature is essential for prominent profiles
Authors: Jiao Qiuxia , Xin Zhao , Gou Qiufeng , Cao Kang , Pan Qu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNucleic acids dye Goldview is widely used in agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE). However, in this study, a sample of multiplasmid DNA (multi‐pDNA) stained with Goldview analyzed by AGE showed its instability at low temperature. Three types of DNA samples were analyzed, including linear DNA (ladder), single‐plasmid DNA (single‐pDNA), and multi‐pDNA, electrophoretic conditions were optimized by adjusting the dye, the buffer, and the temperature (1–50°C). The results showed that the light intensity of Gelred is 2.2‐times higher than that of Goldview in staining multi‐pDNA. Compared with the single‐pDNA and the linear DNA, the multi‐pDNA stained with Goldview was greatly affected by temperature. This short communication indicated that Gelred is a highly applicable dye for analyzing multiplasmid samples. The degree and the way of binding of Goldview to multi‐pDNA are greatly affected by temperature.
Evaluation of high‐resolution DEMs from satellite imagery for geomorphic applications: A case study using the SETSM algorithm
Authors: Atwood Abra , West A. Joshua 
Published: October 2021

AbstractHigh‐resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) have revolutionized research in geomorphology by allowing for detailed quantitative analysis of Earth's surface. Satellite stereo images offer the promise of expanding the availability of high‐resolution DEMs over broad areas, but rigorous evaluation of the scientific application of these datasets remains limited. In this study, we consider DEMs built using stereo pairs of high‐resolution (0.5 m) satellite imagery and the open‐source DEM extraction algorithm, Surface Extraction from TIN Space‐search Minimization (SETSM). We selected locations across a range of landscapes to evaluate the application of these DEMs to geomorphic problems, with particular attention to hillslope analyses where high spatial resolution has been shown to be important for revealing topographic signatures of tectonic and environmental processes. We compared the quality of SETSM 2 m DEMs to LiDAR‐derived DEMs and the widely available SRTM‐30 m and ALOS‐30 m DEMs by comparing the elevation data and derivative products (e.g., slope, aspect, and curvature). We found that SETSM DEMs performed noticeably better than SRTM and ALOS DEMs, but with systematic biases relative to LiDAR DEMs in regions with vegetation. Moreover, noise in the initial SETSM elevation data is amplified with every subsequent derivative, significantly decreasing quality. Finally, we evaluated the potential use of SETSM products for change detection. Applying DEM differencing to a major landslide, we found volume and sediment thickness from SETSM DEMs were similar to volumes and thicknesses from other studies. This example illustrates the capabilities of SETSM and other satellite‐based stereo‐photogrammetry for contributing to rapid response after natural disasters. Overall, we conclude that DEMs derived from satellite image stereo‐photogrammetry can markedly improve on lower resolution global elevation data for terrain analysis and can open possibilities for change detection, but that care needs to be taken in their application especially in regions with significant vegetation.