bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sitting for long periods is associated with impaired work performance during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wakaizumi Kenta , Yamada Keiko , Shimazu Akihito , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Objectives
The unprecedented coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the corresponding government state of emergency have dramatically changed our workstyle, particularly through implementing teleworking and social distancing. We investigated the degree to which people’s work performance is affected and the association between sedentary behavior under the state of emergency and worsened work performance during the COVID-19 pandemic, as previous studies have suggested that sedentary behavior decreases work performance.

Methods
We used data from the Japan “COVID-19 and Society” Internet Survey (JACSIS) study, a cross-sectional, web-based, self-reported questionnaire survey. The main outcome was change in work performance after the COVID-19 pandemic compared with that before the pandemic. We analyzed the association between the change in work performance and sitting duration under the state of emergency, adjusted for work-related stress, participants’ demographics, socio-economic status, health-related characteristics, and personality.

Results
The change of work environment from the pandemic decreased work performance in 15% of workers, which was 3.6 times greater than the number of workers reporting increased performance in 14 648 workers (6134 women and 8514 men). Although telework both improved and worsened performance (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.0, 1.6-2.5 and 1.7, 1.5-1.9, respectively), sitting for long periods after the state of emergency was significantly associated only with worsened performance (OR, 95% CI = 1.8, 1.5-2.2) in a dose–response manner.

Conclusion
Sitting duration is likely a risk barometer of worsened work performance under uncertain working situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Zhu Xi
Authors: Thompson Kirill 
Published: August 2021

Zhu Xi (1130–1200) conceives of nature and humanity, matter and spirit as continua underli(pattern), andqi(primal vapor) complements. His is a living world, home to a resonant, interactive humanity. Confucian religiosity emerged through ancestral rites, conducted with reverence (jing). Such reverence was to purify the mind, opening one to ancestral spirits. Over time, such cultivated reverence was to infuse one's entire life. Zhu Xi's religiosity was also ethical; besides ancestors, he venerated sage kings who set forth the Way (dao). For Zhu, cultivation by reverence opens one's resonance with reality, self, and other, and clarifies one's moral compass. Zhu's writings were influential in China from the late twelfth century and transmitted around East Asia, until the fall of China's imperial court in 1911.
Fazang
Authors: Chen Jinhua , Lin Weiyu 
Published: August 2021

Fazang

(643–712) is recognized as the third patriarch of the Huayan tradition (Huayan zong

), a Chinese Mahāyāna Buddhist tradition known for its complex and difficult metaphysical system and its exegesis on the
Avataṃsakasūtra
(Chinese:
Huayan jing

). Fazang is reputed as a great synthesizer who laid the theoretical foundation of the Huayan tradition. Most notably, Fazang systemized the key Huayan doctrine of “interdependence” and “interpenetration” while also introducing indigenous Chinese elements to his Buddhist philosophizing. But Fazang was no armchair philosopher; he was also a shrewd politician in the court of Empress Wu Zhao

(624–705), the actual ruler of China from 655 to 705, while his polymathy further extended to being a translator, mystic, miracle‐worker, shaman, inventor, and promoter of technology. His incredibly diverse roles all somehow fed into his cause of promoting the
Avataṃsakasūtra
and its derivative doctrines. In light of his numerous contributions, modern scholars unanimously recognize Fazang as the de facto founder of the Huayan tradition.
Superfast Water Transport Zwitterionic Polymeric Nanofluidic Membrane Reinforced by Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Ji Yan‐Li , Gu Bing‐Xin , Xie Shi‐Jie , Yin Ming‐Jie , Qian Wei‐Jie , Zhao Qiang , Hung Wei‐Song , Lee Kueir‐Rarn , Zhou Yong , An Quan‐Fu , Gao Cong‐Jie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNanofluidics derived from low‐dimensional nanosheets and protein nanochannels are crucial for advanced catalysis, sensing, and separation. However, polymer nanofluidics is halted by complicated preparation and miniaturized sizes. This work reports the bottom‐up synthesis of modular nanofluidics by confined growth of ultrathin metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in a polymer membrane consisting of zwitterionic dopamine nanoparticles (ZNPs). The confined growth of the MOFs on the ZNPs reduces the chain entanglement between the ZNPs, leading to stiff interfacial channels enhancing the nanofluidic transport of water molecules through the membrane. As such, the water permeability and solute selectivity of MOF@ZNPM are one magnitude improved, leading to a record‐high performance among all polymer nanofiltration membranes. Both the experimental work and the molecular dynamics simulations confirm that the water transport is shifted from high‐friction‐resistance conventional viscous flow to ultrafast nanofluidic flow as a result of rigid and continuous nanochannels in MOF@ZNPM.
Smart Table Tennis Racket with Tunable Stiffness for Diverse Play Styles and Unconventional Technique Training
Authors: Zhou Xuefeng , Wang Lijuan , Huang Dongyang , Liang Yudai , Shi Quan , Yaying Hong , Zhang Mengying , Pu Huayan , Wen Weijia , Wu Jinbo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSmart technologies bring innovation to the life and sports arena. To adapt to diverse play styles and improve unconventional technique of table tennis players, a smart table tennis racket with tunable stiffness based on anisotropic electrorheological elastomers (EREs) is developed. The EREs are prepared in the designed mold under the electric field to form an anisotropic structure that consisted of electrorheological particles and facilitated the generation of interparticle saturation surface polarization and the local electric field. Therefore, the electrorheological property of anisotropic EREs is significantly promoted, attaining a relative electrorheological effect of 17 160% in shear mode, and the incremental shear storage and compression modulus of 5.2 and 6.4 MPa. By applying an electric field, the smart racket successfully changes the trajectory of balls, reduced ejection angle by 11% and increased ejection velocity by 2%.
Flexible and Anisotropic Strain Sensors Based on Highly Aligned Carbon Fiber Membrane for Exercise Monitoring
Authors: Wu Yuting , Yan Tao , Zhang Keqin , Pan Zhijuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFlexible strain sensors have promising applications in deformation detection and have attracted tremendous attention. However, it is still a challenge to detect multidirectional strains and further enhance the sensing performance including high sensitivity and durability. Herein, successfully prepared aligned graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile composite fiber membrane by optimized microfluidic spinning process is presented, and highly aligned carbon fiber membrane (CFM) by stabilization and carbonization is obtained. The flexible strain sensors are fabricated based on the CFM with different fiber arrangement directions, exhibiting good sensing performance and remarkable anisotropic electromechanical behaviors. When the fiber arrangement is parallel to the direction of stress application, the gauge factors (GFs) of the sensor are 399 in the strain range of 0‐12%, and 10 688 of 12‐15% strain. When the fiber arrangement is perpendicular to the stress direction, the GFs of the sensor are 49.8 and 830.7 under the strain of 0‐45% and 45‐50%, respectively. Meanwhile, the flexible and anisotropic strain sensors are endowed with excellent linearity, dynamic stability under different stretching rates and strain levels, rapid response time (< 300 ms), and good durability (over 1000 cycles). Remarkably, it has been demonstrated the anisotropic strain sensors could be applied in detecting human activity and assisting badminton training.
Magnetic Field Controlled Interlayer Coupling in MoS2 Field Effect Transistors
Authors: Yang Yuying , Li Alei , Wei Mengmeng , Gong Youpin , Qin Wei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe understanding of interlayer couplings should be paid much more attention owing to their importance in 2D materials with different layers. Here, through changing the number of layers, the tunability of interlayer coupling by external magnetic field in 2D material based field effect transistors is studied. External magnetic field can increase triplet electron‐hole (e‐h) pairs to promote interlayer coupling, where larger source‐drain current is induced. Moreover, increasing the gate voltage or source‐drain voltage, dipole–dipole interaction among the layers will be enhanced to weaken the tunability of source‐drain current by magnetic field. This result reveals the magnetic field dependence of interlayer couplings in 2D materials and provides a guidance to develop new functional 2D material devices.
The impact of land fragmentation on food security in the North Central Coast, Vietnam
Authors: Tran Tuyen Quang , Van Vu Huong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile the effect of land fragmentation on farm efficiency and production diversification in Vietnam has been well established, no evidence exists for its effect on household food security. Using a unique dataset from household surveys in combination with micro‐econometric models, the current study examines the impact of land fragmentation on food security in the poorest districts of Vietnam’s North Central Coast. Even after controlling for other factors in the models, we provide the first evidence that in Vietnam, ethnic minority households whose land holdings are fragmented are more likely to suffer from food insecurity. A higher likelihood of achieving food security is found for households whose members have better education and non‐farm self‐employment. The findings suggest that land policies that encourage land consolidation and improve the access of ethnic minorities to better education and non‐farm self‐employment would help them improve their food security. Such policies should be promoted in the study area.
Isoëtes sabatina (Isoëtaceae, Lycopodiopsida): Taxonomic distinctness and preliminary ecological insights
Authors: Bolpagni Rossano , Magrini Sara , Coppi Andrea , Troìa Angelo , Alahuhta Janne , Mjelde Marit , Azzella Mattia M. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Isoëtes sabatina is the rarest aquatic quillwort in Europe. Although recently found (2013) in Lake Bracciano (central Italy), the species is just one step away from extinction with an estimated population not exceeding 400 individuals and a spatial range of a few hundred square metres.
Lake Bracciano is a deep, oligo‐mesotrophic Mediterranean volcanic lake that has been subjected to human activities. From January to October 2017, the lake experienced a dramatic water level decrease (up to −1.50 m), which significantly affected the littoral zone and the habitat of I. sabatina.
To improve the chances of survival of I. sabatina, the first eco‐taxonomic investigation on this species was carried out to describe its genetic distinctness, physical and chemical requirements and companion species.
The phylogenetic position of I. sabatina was investigated by applying standard DNA barcoding methods. Simultaneously, during summer 2019, the physical and chemical features of water and sediments of the I. sabatina population and five small Alpine lakes colonized by Isoëtes echinospora – a supposed close relative – were characterized. These data were then compared with the available data on the trophic requirements of the target obligate aquatic Isoëtes, together with Isoëtes lacustris and Isoëtes malinverniana.
The present survey confirmed the taxonomic and ecological distinctness of I. sabatina – providing the first evidence of genetic differentiation from I. echinospora. Isoëtes sabatina grows in waters with temperature, conductivity and total alkalinity up to 30°C, 561 μS cm−1 and 3.45 meq L−1, respectively.
The edaphic requirements of I. sabatina confirm its outstanding conservation value, and this study offers a basic understanding of how to prevent its extinction. Now, all possible actions must be taken immediately to save this species.
An examination of observational learning using Skinner's taxonomy of verbal behavior
Authors: Rudy Zaltzman Tali , Parry‐Cruwys Diana , MacDonald Jacquelyn , Sweeney‐Kerwin Emily 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLearning by observing others allows individuals to emit novel skills without directly contacting contingencies. Previous research on teaching skills necessary to emit observational learning (OL) responses are promising but an analysis using Skinner's taxonomy of verbal behavior is lacking. The purpose of the present study was to address the limitations of previous research by conceptualizing OL using Skinner's taxonomy of verbal behavior. After teaching one child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder to emit a chain of vocal verbal responses, she correctly tacted previously unknown pictures after observing a model tacts a nonverbal stimulus. Future research should continue to analyze OL using Skinner's taxonomy of verbal behavior as it may lead, not only to a more parsimonious and conceptually systematic analysis, but allow practitioners to be more effective in designing procedures to teach this repertoire.
Blockage of undesirable endocytosis of recombinant human growth/differentiation factor‐5 in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures requires heparin analogs with specific chain lengths
Authors: Kim Mi Gyeom , Lee Gyun Min 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG)‐mediated endocytosis lowers the yield of recombinant human bone morphogenetic proteins (rhBMPs), such as rhBMP‐2 and rhBMP‐4, from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cultures. Exogenous recombinant human growth/differentiation factor‐5 (rhGDF‐5), a member of the BMP family, bound to cell surface HSPGs and was actively internalized into CHO cells. Knockdown of heparan sulfate (HS) synthesis enzymes in CHO cells revealed that the chain length and N‐sulfation of HS affected the binding of rhGDF‐5 to HSPGs and subsequent rhGDF‐5 internalization. To increase product yield by minimizing rhGDF‐5 internalization in recombinant CHO (rCHO) cell cultures, heparin, and dextran sulfate (DS) of various polysaccharide chain lengths, which are structural analogs of HS, were examined for blockage of rhGDF‐5 internalization. Heparin fragments of four monosaccharides (MW of 1.2 kDa) and DS (MW of 15 kDa) did not inhibit rhGDF‐5 internalization whereas unfractionated heparin and DS of 200 kDa could significantly inhibit it. Compared to the control cultures, supplementation with unfractionated heparin or DS of 200 kDa at 1 g L‐1 resulted in more than a 10‐fold increase in the maximum rhGDF‐5 concentration. Taken together, the supplementation of structural HS analogs improved rhGDF‐5 production in rCHO cell cultures by inhibiting rhGDF‐5 internalization.
Risk factors for inducing violence in patients with delirium
Authors: Tachibana Masako , Inada Toshiya , Ichida Masaru , Ozaki Norio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundViolence in patients with delirium may occur suddenly and unpredictably in a fluctuating state of consciousness. Although various factors are involved, appropriate assessment and early response to factors related to violence in delirium are expected to prevent dangerous and distressing acts of violence against patients, their families and medical staff, and minimize the use of physical restraint and excessive drug sedation.MethodsSubjects were 601 delirium cases referred to the department of psychiatry over the course of 5 years at a general hospital. The demographic, clinical, and pharmacological variables of patients with violence (n = 189) were compared with those of patients without violence (n = 412). Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine whether any specific individual factors were associated with violence.ResultsCurrent smoker status (p < .0005), older age (p < .0005), male gender (p = .004), and use of intensive care units (p = .043) were identified as factors associated with violence in patients with delirium.ConclusionsScreening tools for violence in patients with delirium and adequate management may assist in better outcomes for patients and medical staff. Further research should evaluate the usefulness of nicotine replacement treatment for the prevention of violence during nicotine withdrawal, including whether it is safe for elderly inpatients with a high incidence of delirium in clinical practice.
The Chemical Biology‐Medicinal Chemistry Continuum: EFMC′s Vision
Authors: Duca Maria , Gillingham Dennis , Olsen Christian Adam , Sbardella Gianluca , Skaanderup Philip R. , van der Stelt Mario , Vauzeilles Boris , Vázquez Olalla , Auberson Yves P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe European Federation for Medicinal chemistry and Chemical biology (EFMC) is a federation of learned societies. It groups organizations of European scientists working in a dynamic field spanning chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. New ideas, tools, and technologies emerging from a wide array of scientific disciplines continuously energize this rapidly evolving area. Medicinal chemistry is the design, synthesis, and optimization of biologically active molecules aimed at discovering new drug candidates – a mission that in many ways overlaps with the scope of chemical biology. Chemical biology is by now a mature field of science for which a more precise definition of what it encompasses, in the frame of EFMC, is timely. This article discusses chemical biology as currently understood by EFMC, including all activities dealing with the design and synthesis of biologically active chemical tools and their use to probe, characterize, or influence biological systems.
STEMI telemedicine for 100 million lives
Authors: Mehta Sameer , Grines Cindy L. , Botelho Roberto , Fernandez Francisco , Cade Jamil , Dusilek Cesar , Prudente Mauricio , Cavalcanti Ricardo , Campos Carlos , Alcocer Gamba Marco 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeveloping countries struggle to diagnose and treat ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients in a timely manner, and subsequent outcomes are suboptimal.MethodsThe Latin America Telemedicine Network (LATIN) functioned between 2013 to present in four countries—Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Argentina. A Hub and Spoke platform was developed to expand access to >100 million population for STEMI care. Patients were triaged at spokes that included small clinics and primary health care centers in remote South American locations. Three telemedicine command sites provided immediate 24/7 electrocardiogram diagnosis and teleconsultation of the STEMI process at 355 centers in four countries.ResultsLATIN Spokes (n = 313) screened up to 30,000 patients per month, and a total of 780,234 patients over the study period. Telemedicine experts diagnosed 8395 (1·1%) with STEMI, of which a total of 3872 (46·1%) were urgently treated at 47 Hubs. A total of 3015 patients (78%) were reperfused with percutaneous coronary intervention. Time‐to‐telemedicine diagnosis averaged 3·5 min. Average door‐to‐balloon time improved from 120 to 48 min during the study period and overall STEMI mortality was 5·2%.InterpretationTelemedicine transcends boundaries and enables access to millions of patients for STEMI care. With this initiative, LATIN has created a template for reducing disparities in STEMI management between developed and developing countries.
Sequential Hydrogen Tunneling ino‐Tolylmethylene
Authors: Lohmiller Thomas , Sarkar Sujan K. , Tatchen Jörg , Henkel Stefan , Schleif Tim , Savitsky Anton , Sanchez‐Garcia Elsa , Sander Wolfram 
Published: August 2021

Abstracto‐Tolylmethylene1is a metastable triplet carbene that rearranges too‐xylylene2even at temperatures as low as 2.7 K via [1,4] H atom tunneling. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopical techniques were used to identify two conformers of1(antiandsyn) in noble gas matrices and in frozen organic solutions. Conformer‐specific kinetic measurements revealed that the rate constants for the rearrangements of theantiandsynconformers of1are very similar. However, the orbital alignment in thesynconformer is less favorable for the hydrogen transfer reaction than the orbital configuration in theanticonformer. Our spectroscopic and quantum chemical investigations indicate thatanti1andsyn1rapidly interconvert via efficient quantum tunneling forming a rotational pre‐equilibrium. The subsequent second tunneling reaction, the [1,4] H migration fromanti1to2, is rate‐limiting for the formation of2. We here present an efficient strategy for the study of such tunneling equilibria.
How Aromatic Fluorination Exchanges the Interaction Role of Pyridine with Carbonyl Compounds: The Formaldehyde Adduct
Authors: López Juan Carlos , Macario Alberto , Maris Assimo , Alkorta Ibon , Blanco Susana 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe rotational spectrum of the weakly bound complex pentafluoropyridine⋅⋅⋅formaldehyde has been investigated using Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. From the analysis of the rotational parameters of the parent species and of the 13C and 15N isotopologues, the structural arrangement of the adduct has been unambiguously established. The full ring fluorination of pyridine has a dramatic effect on its binding properties: It alters the electron density distribution at the π‐cloud of pyridine creating a π‐hole and changing its electron donor‐acceptor capabilities. In the complex, formaldehyde lies above the aromatic ring with one of the oxygen lone pairs, as conventionally envisaged, pointing toward its centre. This lone pair⋅⋅⋅π‐hole interaction, reinforced by a weak C−H⋅⋅⋅N interaction, indicates an exchange of the electron‐acceptor roles of both molecules when compared to the pyridine⋅⋅⋅formaldehyde adduct. Tunnelling doublets due to the internal rotation of formaldehyde have also been observed and analysed leading to a discussion on the competition between lone pair⋅⋅⋅π‐hole and π⋅⋅⋅π stacking interactions.
Catalytic transesterification of glycerol with dimethyl carbonate to glycerol carbonate with Co3O4 nanoparticle incorporated MCM‐41 derived from rice husk
Authors: Arora Shivali , Gosu Vijayalakshmi , Subbaramaiah Verraboina , Zhang Tian C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA rice husk‐derived MCM‐41 catalyst has been synthesized, and active metal Co3O4 nanoparticles were incorporated. The synthesized MCM‐41 derived from rice husk exhibited highly ordered p6mm hexagonal symmetry. The catalytic activity of the prepared catalyst was investigated for glycerol carbonate (GLc) synthesis through transesterification of glycerol (GLy) with dimethyl carbonate (DMC). Experimentally, it was found that 5 wt.% cobalt incorporated MCM‐41 activated at 400°C showed a higher yield of GLc, 60.2%, due to its optimum basicity. Approximately, 98.7 ± 1.2% GLy conversion and 94.1 ± 0.7% GLc yield was achieved with the batch reactor at adjusted conditions: a molar ratio of DMC‐to‐glycerol = 3, catalyst dosage = 6 wt.% (based on glycerol mass), reaction temperature = 90°C, and reaction time = 2 h. The transesterification reaction kinetics were also studied using the ODE 15s tool in MATLAB. The catalyst's activation energy was calculated as 58.2 ± 2.4 kJ/mol.