bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sentinel cells enable genetic detection of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein
Authors: Weinberg Zara Y. , Hilburger Claire E. , Kim Matthew , Cao Longxing , Khalid Mir , Elmes Sarah , Diwanji Devan , Hernandez Evelyn , Lopez Jocelyne , Schaefer Kaitlin , Smith Amber M. , Zhou Fengbo ,   QCRG Structural Biology Consortium, Renuka Kumar G. , Ott Melanie , Baker David , El-Samad Hana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need for exploring different diagnostic and therapeutic modalities to tackle future viral threats. In this vein, we propose the idea of sentinel cells, cellular biosensors capable of detecting viral antigens and responding to them with customizable responses. Using SARS-CoV-2 as a test case, we developed a live cell sensor (SARSNotch) using a de novo-designed protein binder against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. SARSNotch is capable of driving custom genetically-encoded payloads in immortalized cell lines or in primary T lymphocytes in response to purified SARS-CoV-2 Spike or in the presence of Spike-expressing cells. Furthermore, SARSNotch is functional in a cellular system used in directed evolution platforms for development of better binders or therapeutics. In keeping with the rapid dissemination of scientific knowledge that has characterized the incredible scientific response to the ongoing pandemic, we extend an open invitation for others to make use of and improve SARSNotch sentinel cells in the hopes of unlocking the potential of the next generation of smart antiviral therapeutics.
Oxygen depletion and nitric oxide stimulate type IV MSHA pilus retraction inVibrio choleraevia activation of the phosphodiesterase CdpA
Authors: Hughes Hannah Q. , Floyd Kyle A. , Hossain Sajjad , Anantharaman Sweta , Kysela David T. , Yu Yuanchen , Kappler Michael P. , Dalia Triana N. , Podicheti Ram C. , Rusch Douglas B. , Brun Yves V. , Jacobson Stephen C. , McKinlay James B. , Yildiz Fitnat H. , Boon Elizabeth M. , Dalia Ankur B. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTBacteria use surface appendages called type IV pili to perform diverse activities including DNA uptake, twitching motility, and attachment to surfaces. Dynamic extension and retraction of pili is often required for these activities, but the stimuli that regulate these dynamics remain poorly characterized. To study this question, we use the bacterial pathogenVibrio cholerae, which uses mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA) pili to attach to surfaces in aquatic environments as the first step in biofilm formation. Here, we find thatV. choleraecells retract MSHA pili and detach from a surface in microaerobic conditions. This response is dependent on the phosphodiesterase CdpA, which decreases intracellular levels of cyclic-di-GMP (c-di-GMP) under microaerobic conditions to induce MSHA pilus retraction. CdpA contains a putative NO-sensing NosP domain, and we demonstrate that nitric oxide (NO) is necessary and sufficient to stimulate CdpA-dependent detachment. Thus, we hypothesize that microaerobic conditions result in endogenous production of NO (or an NO-like molecule) inV. cholerae. Together, these results describe a regulatory pathway that allowsV. choleraeto rapidly abort biofilm formation. More broadly, these results show how environmental cues can be integrated into the complex regulatory pathways that control pilus dynamic activity and attachment in bacterial species.
Spatially patterned excitatory neuron subtypes and circuits within the claustrum
Authors: Erwin Sarah R. , Bristow Brianna N. , Sullivan Kaitlin E. , Marriott Brian , Wang Lihua , Clements Jody , Lemire Andrew L. , Jackson Jesse , Cembrowski Mark S. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTThe claustrum is a functionally and structurally complex brain region, whose very spatial extent remains debated. Histochemical-based approaches typically treat the claustrum as a relatively narrow region that primarily projects to the neocortex, whereas circuit-based approaches suggest a broader region embedding neocortical and other neural circuits. Here, we took a bottom-up, cell-type-specific approach to complement and possibly unite these seemingly disparate conclusions. Using single-cell RNA-sequencing, we found that the claustrum is comprised of two excitatory neuron subtypes that are differentiable from the surrounding cortex. Multicolor retrograde tracing in conjunction with 12-channel multiplexedin situhybridization revealed a core-shell spatial arrangement of these subtypes, as well as differential projection targets. Thus, the claustrum is comprised of excitatory neuron subtypes with distinct molecular and circuit properties, whose spatial patterns reflect the narrower and broader claustral extents debated in previous research. This subtype-specific heterogeneity likely shapes the functional complexity of the claustrum.
Genetic characteristics of a small breeding population of ancient murrelets from Teuri Island, Japan, based on mitochondrial DNA sequences and newly‐developed microsatellite markers
Authors: Sugita Norimasa , Matsui Shin , Yoshikawa Natsuhiko , Nishiumi Isao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA small population of ancient murrelets (Synthliboramphus antiquus) nests and breeds on vertical sea cliffs in Teuri Island, Japan. Although this small population is at high risk of extinction, practical conservation plans were not established owing to the lack of basic data, for example, ecological and genetic information. Here, mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite analyses were performed on ancient murrelets collected in the Teuri and Aleutian breeding populations, as well as on wintering individuals in Japan and museum specimens. Mitochondrial DNA analysis revealed that the Teuri population shared haplotypes with the Aleutian population, but not with the British Columbian and the Kamchatka populations from a previous study. Microsatellite analysis revealed high gene flow between the Teuri and Aleutian breeding populations. There was no evidence of loss of genetic diversity in the Teuri population. Museum specimens possessed some unique alleles not found in the more recent samples. Our results suggest that strategies for the conservation of Teuri and Aleutian populations should be managed separately from those designed for breeding populations in the eastern Pacific region, at the very least. For conservation of the Teuri population, we do not recommend captive breeding because of gene flow between Teuri and Aleutian populations, but protection of nesting habitats and monitoring of demographic indexes would be more effective for maintaining their genetic diversity and population size.
Variation in the seventh lumbar vertebra and the lumbosacral junction morphometry associated with the sacrocaudal fusion in greyhounds
Authors: Ismail Sa'ad M. Y. , Murray Christina M. , Stevenson Mark A. , Hung‐Hsun Yen , Davies Helen M. S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe lumbosacral joint is where the 7th lumbar vertebra (L.7) articulates within the sacrum. It is a clinically important area in the dog because of its relatively large range of motion. The current study aims to determine the possible differences in the length of the L.7 vertebra and the angle of the lumbosacral junction among greyhounds of standard and those of fused sacra, and to determine the potential association of sex, body mass and type of fused sacrum (standard and fused) on the morphology of the L.7 vertebra and the angle of the lumbosacral junction. Radiographs of 55 greyhound cadavers were used for radiographing; all radiographic images were stored and measured using X‐ray acquisition software, and then analysed using descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression and logistic regression. The results of this study showed a significant increase (p < .008) in the length of the L.7 vertebra and the angle of the lumbosacral junction (p < .028) in greyhounds with fused sacra comparing with those of standard sacra, but the L.6 length was not significant (p = .431). Differences have been found in the length of L.7 vertebra and the angle of the lumbosacral junction in greyhounds. It was found that in greyhounds, any variation in the sacrum's anatomical features may alter the structure of the surrounding anatomical structures such as the L.7 vertebra and lumbosacral junction.
Heterogeneity of the pharmacologic treatment of allergic rhinitis in Europe based on MIDAS and OTCims platforms
Authors: Bousquet Jean , Schröder‐Bernhardi Detlef , Bachert Claus , Canonica G. Walter , Cardona Victoria , Costa Elisio M. , Czarlewski Wienczyslawa , Devillier Philippe , Fonseca Joao A. , Klimek Ludger , Kuna Piotr , Lourenco Olga , Mullol Joaquim , Pfaar Oliver , Pham‐Thi Nhân , Samolinski Boleslaw , Saueressig Julia , Scadding Glenis K. , Stroh Ann‐Kathrin , Scheire Sophie , Van Ganse Eric , Zuberbier Torsten 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe practice of allergology varies widely between countries, and the costs and sales for the treatment of rhinitis differ depending on practices and health systems. To understand these differences and their implications, the rhinitis market was studied in some of the EU countries.MethodsWe conducted a pharmaco‐epidemiological database analysis to assess the medications that were being prescribed for allergic rhinitis in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018. We used the IQVIA platforms for prescribed medicines (MIDAS®—Meaningful Integration of Data, Analytics and Services) and for OTC medicines (OTC International Market Tracking—OTCims). We selected the five most important markets in the EU (France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain).ResultsIntranasal decongestants were excluded from the analyses because they are rarely prescribed for allergic rhinitis. For both Standard Units (SU) and costs, France is leading the other countries. In terms of SU, the four other countries are similar. For costs, Poland is lower than the three others. However, medication use differs largely. For 2018, in SU, intranasal corticosteroid is the first treatment in Poland (70.0%), France (51.3%), Spain (51.1%) and Germany (50.3%), whereas the Italian market is dominated by systemic antihistamines (41.4%) followed by intranasal corticosteroids (30.1%). Results of other years were similar.DiscussionThere are major differences between countries in terms of rhinoconjunctivitis medication usage.
Effects of mentoring on work engagement: Work meaningfulness as a mediator
Authors: Lin Ligui , Cai Xuejing , Yin Jun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between career mentoring and work engagement from the mentor perspective, by estimating work meaningfulness as a mediator. The research model used quantitative survey data from 309 employees who mentored their junior colleagues in the on‐the‐job training programmes of Japanese companies. The results demonstrated that career mentoring had an indirect effect on the work engagement of mentors by enhancing the psychological meaningfulness of their work. In addition, learning goal orientation positively influenced career mentoring; this may subsequently facilitate the work engagement by increasing the perception of the meaning of work. Learning‐oriented individuals who act as mentors find psychological meaningfulness in their work, which in turn enhances their work engagement. By setting acceptable meaningful goals for mentoring programmes, practitioners can minimize the negative outcomes of mentoring. The results contribute to the existing literature by examining how mentoring experiences affect the behaviour of mentors.
Assessing risk scores for predicting hepatocellular carcinoma in Thai patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Kamalapirat Thanachote , Yingcharoen Kesinee , Ungtrakul Teerapat , Soonklang Kamonwan , Dechma Jiraporn , Chunnuan Pitchayachuda , Kusuman Pattama , Pothijaroen Charinthip , Tawpa Jantarika , Cheirsilpa Kunsuda , Auewarakul Chirayu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractChronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection–associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major health problem in Asian countries. Several HCC risk prediction models have been developed using either treated or untreated CHB patients. However, there is limited validation of these risk scores in a treated and untreated mixed CHB patient cohort. This study analysed and validated HCC risk scores among 2208 CHB patients who enrolled in the HCC surveillance programme in Thailand during July 2010. The baseline clinical and radiologic data of these CHB patients were applied to calculate various HCC risk scores. There were 20 patients (0.9%) with HCC development at the 5.9‐year follow‐up. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) predicting HCC risk at 5 years were 0.80 (0.68–0.91), 0.73 (0.60–0.85), 0.79 (0.67–0.91), 0.70 (0.58–0.82), 0.72 (0.59–0.85), 0.76 (0.63–0.87) and 0.77 (0.64–0.89) for the GAG‐HCC, CU‐HCC, REACH‐B, PAGE‐B, mPAGE‐B, CAMD and AASL scores, respectively. The overall HCC risk scores were accurate and comparable. However, the subgroup analysis revealed better HCC‐risk‐predictive performance in the treated patients, while performance was less helpful in those not fulfilling criteria for antiviral therapy. Clinicians should be aware of these data when using the HCC risk score in untreated CHB patients.
Bone Adaptation-Driven Design of Periodic Scaffolds
Authors: Cohen David O. , Aboutaleb Sohaila M. G. , Johnson Amy Wagoner , Norato Julian A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work introduces a computational method for designing bone scaffolds for maximum bone growth. A mechanobiological model of bone adaptation is used to compute the bone growth, taking into account the shape of the defect, the applied loading, and the existing density distribution of the bone in which the scaffold has been implanted. Numerical homogenization and a geometry projection technique are used to efficiently obtain surrogates of the effective elastic and diffusive properties of the scaffold as a function of the scaffold design and the bone density. These property surrogates are in turn used to perform bone adaptation simulations of the scaffold–bone system for a sampling of scaffold designs. Surrogates of the bone growth in the scaffold at the end of the simulated time and of the strain energy of the scaffold at implantation time are subsequently constructed from these simulations. Using these surrogates, we optimize the design of a scaffold implanted in a rabbit femur to maximize volume bone growth into the scaffold while ensuring a minimum stiffness at implantation. The results of the optimization demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by showing that maximizing bone growth with a constraint on structural compliance renders scaffold designs with better bone growth than what would be obtained by only minimizing compliance.
Experimental Study on Influence of Temperature and C-Rate of Discharge on Performance of In-House-Fabricated 30-Ah Li-Ion Prismatic Cell Made With Lithium Iron Phosphate and MCMB
Authors: Satyavani T. V. S. L. , Senthilkumar M. , Prasad Rao G. D. , Kumar Navneet , Srinivas Kumar A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An experimental study was carried out to quantify the influence of temperature and different C-rate of discharge on in-house fabricated lithium-ion (Li-ion) cell. A 30-Ah Li-ion cell is made of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathode and meso carbon microbeads (MCMB) anode in prismatic configuration. The capability of Li-ion cell is defined by discharge capacity, voltage, and power at different C-rate of discharge. Influence of 4 different current rates (C/5, C/2, 1C, and 2C) at 5 different temperatures (–20, 0, 20, 40, and 60 °C) were studied. High discharge rate increases the current density of cell which affect mass transport at electrode surface and electrolyte. Increased ohmic and concentration polarization at a high rate of discharge decrease the original capacity. The average discharge voltage of the cell is reduced gradually as operating temperature drops to below 20 °C. Electrochemical impedance (EI) were measured on Li-ion cell in the different frequency domain at different temperatures (–20, 0, 20, and 60 °C). The obtained impedance spectra were examined with an equivalent circuit using the Zman software. The ohmic and charge-transfer resistance displayed a solid dependence with respect to temperature.
Effects of Inlet Guide Vanes on the Performance and Stability of an Aeronautical Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Poujol Nicolas , Trébinjac Isabelle , Duquesne Pierre 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A research centrifugal compressor stage designed and built by Safran Helicopter Engines is tested at three inlet guide vanes (IGV) stagger angles. The compressor stage includes four blade rows: axial inlet guide vanes, a backswept splittered impeller, a splittered vaned radial diffuser (RD), and axial outlet guide vanes (OGVs). The methodology for calculating the performance is detailed, including the consideration of humidity in order to minimize errors related in particular to operating atmospheric conditions. The shift of the surge line toward lower mass flow rate as the IGV stagger angle increases highly depends on the rotation speed. The surge line shift is very small at low rotation speeds, whereas it significantly increases at high rotation speeds. A first-order stability analysis of the impeller and diffuser sub-components shows that the diffuser (resp. impeller) is the first unstable component at low (resp. high) rotation speeds. This situation is unaltered by increasing the IGV stagger angle. At low rotation speeds below a given mass flow rate, rotating instabilities (RI) at the impeller inlet are detected at zero IGV stagger angle. Their occurrence is conditioned by the relative flow angle at the tip of the leading edge of the impeller. As the IGV stagger angle increases, the mass flow decreases to maintain a given inlet flow angle. Therefore, the onset of the rotating instabilities is delayed toward lower mass flow rates. At high rotation speeds, the absolute flow angle at the diffuser inlet near surge decreases as the IGV stagger angle increases. As a result, the flow is highly alternate over two adjacent channels of the radial diffuser beyond the surge line at IGV stagger angle of 0 deg.
Experimental Study of Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer Behaviors Over a Micro-Rib-Dimple-Structured Surface
Authors: Zheng Kuan , Tian Wei , Zhang Peng , Rao Yu , Hu Hui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An experimental study was conducted to characterize the evolution of turbulent boundary layer flow over a micro-rib-dimple-structured surface. In addition to measuring the surface pressure distribution and detailed flow field inside the dimple cavity, the heat transfer performance over the rib-dimpled surface was investigated using transient liquid crystal thermography. The flow field measurements were correlated with the heat transfer measurements to elucidate the underlying physical mechanism of the improvement in thermal efficiency due to the micro-rib structure. It was found that, compared to the dimpled surface, the micro-rib structure induces a stronger downwash flow and acts as a turbulator to enhance the turbulent mixing of the downstream flow, which significantly restricts the flow separation and the recirculating flow inside the dimple cavity. The dominant flows inside the dimple cavity are the downwash and successive upwash flows, which significantly enhance the turbulent mixing and, consequently, improve the heat transfer performance over the rib-dimpled surface. The measurements of the pressure loss and heat transfer performance indicated that the rib-dimpled surface has an overall thermal efficiency approximately 12–16% higher than that of the dimpled surface owing to the micro-rib structure.
Ancestral trans–North American Bell River system recorded in late Oligocene to early Miocene sediments in the Labrador Sea and Canadian Great Plains
Authors: Corradino Julia I. , Pullen Alex , Leier Andrew L. , Barbeau David L. , Scher Howie D. , Weislogel Amy , Bruner Austin , Leckie Dale A. , Currie Lisel D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe Bell River hypothesis proposes that an ancestral, transcontinental river occupied much of northern North America during the Cenozoic Era, transporting water and sediment from the North American Cordillera to the Saglek Basin on the eastern margin of the Labrador Sea. To explore this hypothesis and reconstruct Cenozoic North American drainage patterns, we analyzed detrital zircon grains from the Oligocene–Miocene Mokami and Saglek formations of the Saglek Basin and Oligocene–Miocene fluvial conglomerates in the Great Plains of western Canada. U-Pb detrital zircon age populations in the Mokami and Saglek formations include clusters at &lt;250 Ma, 950–1250 Ma, 1600–2000 Ma, and 2400–3200 Ma. Detrital zircons with ages of &lt;250 Ma were derived from the North American Cordillera, supporting the transcontinental Bell River hypothesis. Oligocene–Miocene fluvial strata in western Canada contain detrital zircon age populations similar to those in the Saglek Basin and are interpreted to represent the western headwaters of the ancient Bell River drainage. Strontium-isotope ratios of marine shell fragments from the Mokami and Saglek formations yielded ages between 25.63 and 18.08 Ma. The same shells have εNd values of −10.2 to −12.0 (average = −11.2), which are consistent with values of Paleozoic strata in western North America but are more radiogenic than the modern Labrador Current, Labrador Sea Water, and North Atlantic Deep Water values (εNd ~−12 to −25). As a freshwater source, the existence and termination of the Bell River may have been important for Labrador Sea circulation, stratification, and chemistry.
Clinical and pathological risk factors for worse stage and mortality of eyelid and periocular squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Luo Yingxiu , Chen Huifang , Ge Shengfang , Rao Yamin , Yu Jie , Fan Xianqun , Jia Renbing , Xu Shiqiong , Wang Yefei 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThe clinical and pathological risk factors for worse T stage and prognosis in eyelid and periocular squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) remain unclear. P63 was reported to predict a worse prognosis in other SCCs; however, this correlation was not validated in eyelid and periocular SCCs.MethodsWe reported on a retrospective case series of 85 consecutive patients with eyelid and periocular SCCs from 1995 to 2019. Cox proportional hazards regression models and logistic regression models were applied for risk factor analysis.ResultsThirty-nine (45.8%) patients were diagnosed with T4 SCCs. Four (5.1%) patients developed nodal metastasis, and five (6.4%) patients developed distant metastasis during the follow-up. 2-year and 5-year disease-specific survival rates were 95.3% and 86.4%, respectively. Poorly or moderately differentiated eyelid and periocular SCCs were associated with worse T stage (p=0.001; p=0.008). Poor differentiation was associated with a higher risk of recurrence (p=0.024). Disease-specific death was more common in patients with T4 stage SCCs (p=0.038, HR=9.05). P63 expression was more common in patients with T3c or worse stage (p=0.008, OR=3.77). P63 expression alone was associated with worse differentiation (p=0.029), higher risk of perineural invasion (p=0.042, OR=4.61) and metastasis (p=0.009, HR=3.99). P63 expression (p=0.012, HR=7.80), coexpression of P63 and Ki67 (p=0.007, HR=9.21) and distant metastasis (p=0.001, HR=11.23) were associated with disease-specific death.ConclusionPatients presented with more aggressive orbital invasion features and a higher rate of distant metastasis in this cohort. P63 and coexpression of Ki67 predicted a worse stage, differentiation and prognosis, including metastasis and death due to disease.