bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Providing an e-cigarette starter kit for smoking cessation and reduction as adjunct to usual care to smokers with a mental health condition: findings from the ESCAPE feasibility study
Authors: Kale Dimitra , Beard Emma , Marshall Anna-Marie , Pervin Jodi , Wu Qi , Ratschen Elena , Shahab Lion 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Smoking rates in the UK have declined steadily over the past decades, masking considerable inequalities, as little change has been observed among people with a mental health condition. This trial sought to assess the feasibility and acceptability of supplying an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) starter kit for smoking cessation as an adjunct to usual care for smoking cessation, to smokers with a mental health condition treated in the community, to inform a future effectiveness trial.

Methods
This randomised controlled feasibility trial, conducted March-December 2022, compared the intervention (e-cigarette starter kit with a corresponding information leaflet and demonstration with Very Brief Advice) with a ‘usual care’ control at 1-month follow-up. Participants were ≥ 18 years, receiving treatment for any mental health condition in primary or secondary care in three Mental Health Trusts in Yorkshire and one in London, UK. They were also willing to address their smoking through either cessation or reduction of cigarette consumption. The agreed primary outcome measure was feasibility (consent ~ 15% of eligible participants; attrition rate < 30%). Acceptability, validated sustained abstinence and ≥ 50% cigarette consumption reduction at 1-month, were also evaluated and qualitative interviews conducted to further explore acceptability in this population.

Results
Feasibility targets were partially met; of 201 eligible participants, 43 (mean age = 45.2, SD = 12.7; 39.5% female) were recruited (21.4%) and randomised (intervention:48.8%, n = 21; control:51.2%, n = 22). Attrition rate was 37.2% at 1-month follow-up and was higher (45.5%) in the control group. At follow-up (n = 27), 93.3% (n = 14) in the intervention group and 25.0% (n = 3) in the control group reported e-cigarette use. The intervention was well received with minimal negative effects. In intention-to-treat analysis, validated sustained abstinence at 1-month was 2/21 (9.5%) and 0/22 (0%) and at least 50% reduction in cigarette consumption 13/21 (61.9%) and 3/22 (13.6%), for the intervention and control group, respectively. Qualitative analysis of participant interviews (N = 5) showed the intervention was broadly acceptable, but they also highlighted areas of improvements for the intervention and trial delivery.

Conclusions
Offering an e-cigarette starter kit to smokers with a mental health condition treated in the community was acceptable and largely feasible, with harm reduction outcomes (i.e. switching from cigarette smoking to e-cigarette use and substantial reduction in cigarette consumption) favouring the intervention. The findings of the study will be used to help inform the design of a main trial.

Trial Registration
Registry: ISRCTN. Registration number: ISRCTN17691451. Date of registration: 30/09/2021
Surveillance of drug prescribing: why outliers miss their targets – a qualitative study
Authors: Gollnick Julia , Zeschick Nikoletta , Hörbrand Franziska , Killian Peter , Sebastiao Maria , Kühlein Thomas , Donner-Banzhoff Norbert 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Rising costs are a challenge for healthcare systems. To keep expenditure for drugs under control, in many healthcare systems, drug prescribing is continuously monitored. The Bavarian Drug Agreement (German: Wirkstoffvereinbarung or WSV) for the ambulatory sector in Bavaria (the federal state of Germany) was developed for this purpose. Physicians must reach defined drug target quotas for prescribing generic drugs and certain recommended drugs specified and measured with defined daily doses (DDD). A subgroup of physicians, known as outliers, may miss their drug targets. The objective of this qualitative study was to understand the reasons physicians miss their targets.

Methods
We identified outliers based on drug prescribing data from the association of statutory health insurance (SHI)-accredited physicians (KV). Outliers were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews.

Results
Out of 401 outliers thus identified n = 26 physicians were interviewed. Their prescribing behaviours are affected by competing demands regarding drug decisions, such as saving staff time, costs, and discussions with patients. Often, their freedom to prescribe is limited by previous prescribers. Ease of administration of drugs not recommended also plays a role. Uncritical enthusiasm regarding the effectiveness and safety of drugs with recommendations, often reinforced by pharmaceutical marketing, leads to missed targets. Some physicians have coping strategies to avoid becoming outliers.

Conclusions
Investigating physicians not meeting their targets helps us understand beliefs and barriers for appropriate drug prescribing. Based on these kinds of findings, surveillance procedures can be improved, and physicians can receive support to meet targets in the future.

Trial registration
This trial has been registered in the German Register of Clinical Trials (DRKS: DRKS00016161; registration date 07. December 2018).
Events supposedly attributable to vaccination or immunization of COVID-19 vaccines in Brazil: a cross-sectional study
Authors: do Carmo Pimenta Poliana , Geraldine Vitoria Gabriele Souza , de Aquino Lima Thais Cristina , Tourinho Fillipe Silva , de Oliveira Rodrigues Denis , do Nascimento Murilo César , Dias Lívia Máris Ribeiro Paranaiba 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCOVID-19 vaccines effectively reduce morbidity and mortality but are associated with Events Supposedly Attributable to Vaccination or Immunization (ESAVI). This cross-sectional study examined the incidence and characteristics of ESAVI in Brazil during 2021, using data from e-SUS Notifica and Vacivida. Among 109,424 reports, the incidence rates were 30.82 ESAVI and 83.08 symptoms per 100,000 doses. Most reports involved women (70.83%), individuals aged 30–39, and residents of the southern region. Common symptoms included headache, fever, and myalgia. AstraZeneca accounted for 56.79% of cases. Non-severe cases predominated (95.03%), with 78.7% classified as “product-related according to the literature.” Mortality was rare (0.03%), but a significant association was identified between DNA vaccines and deaths (χ2 = 4.333; p = 0.037; OR = 2.673; 95% CI 1.020–7.007). Regional disparities were evident, with higher incidences in the South and Southeast. Underreporting of non-severe cases remains a challenge. Logistic regression showed lower odds of severe ESAVI among adults and Black/Brown individuals, while Pfizer vaccines and initial doses were linked to higher odds. These results highlight the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in Brazil while emphasizing the need for strengthened post-vaccination surveillance to address regional disparities, health inequities, and vaccine hesitancy.
Exploring the relationship between proactive inhibition and restrictive eating behaviours in severe and enduring anorexia nervosa (SE-AN)
Authors: Bartholdy Savani , Dalton Bethan , Rennalls Samantha J. , Kekic Maria , McClelland Jessica , Campbell Iain C. , O’Daly Owen G. , Schmidt Ulrike 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
There is a need for improved understanding of why 20–30% of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) develop a severe and enduring form of illness (SE-AN). Previously, we reported differences in proactive inhibition (a pre-emptive slowing of responses) in individuals with AN compared to healthy controls (after controlling for intolerance of uncertainty). The present study is a preliminary exploration of proactive inhibition in which we compared women with SE-AN with healthy comparison (HC) women and explored its association with restrictive/avoidant eating behaviours.

Methods
Thirty-four women with SE-AN (defined by >3 years of illness and a previous unsuccessful course of eating disorder treatment) and 30 HCs completed (a) a cued reaction time task, to assess proactive inhibition, and (b) questionnaires assessing restrictive/avoidant eating behaviours and intolerance of uncertainty.

Results
Both SE-AN and HC participants showed slower reaction times under conditions of uncertainty, indicating proactive inhibition in both groups. There was a main effect of group, with SE-AN participants showing significantly slower reaction times compared to HC. There was no interaction between group and condition, suggesting that individuals with SE-AN did not differ in proactive inhibition compared to HCs. However, post-hoc analysis between-group tests for each trial type revealed that group differences were only present under conditions of uncertainty. Proactive inhibition was not significantly associated with self-reported restrictive/avoidant eating behaviours, including when taking intolerance of uncertainty into consideration.

Conclusions
It is unlikely that proactive inhibition contributes to avoidant and restrictive eating behaviours seen in SE-AN. Our findings suggest that the SE-AN group are relatively more cautious when responding under conditions of uncertainty. Longitudinal studies and between-group comparisons of individuals across different stages of illness will be required to elucidate the way in which proactive inhibition is specifically implicated in SE-AN, rather than in AN more generally.
Innovative financial solutions for sustainable investments using artificial intelligence-based hybrid fuzzy decision-making approach in carbon capture technologies
Authors: Yüksel Serhat , Eti Serkan , Dinçer Hasan , Gökalp Yaşar , Olaru Gabriela Oana , Oflaz Nihal Kalaycı 
Published: January 2025

AbstractHigh costs, technical difficulties, and policy uncertainties are the main challenges in carbon capture technology investments. Therefore, innovative financial products are required to develop projects that overcome these difficulties. Some issues must be considered when developing innovative financial products. An important problem in this process is that these features cannot possibly exist together in the new financial product, because each of these features incurs some costs. Therefore, identifying the most important features of innovative financial products is necessary. Accordingly, this study develops a new and innovative financial product to increase the effectiveness of investments in carbon capture technologies. For this purpose, a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-based fuzzy decision-making model is constructed. First, the weights of the experts were calculated by considering AI methodology. Second, the factors affecting investment in carbon capture technologies were weighted using a spherical fuzzy DEMATEL. Finally, the financial features required for investments were ranked using the spherical fuzzy ARAS method. This study’s main contribution is its creation of a novel fuzzy decision-making model by integrating AI methodology with fuzzy decision-making theory. In this process, the weights of the experts are calculated using an AI approach. It is concluded that cost-effectiveness must be prioritized in the development of new financial products. Technological competence is another aspect that should be considered in this process. However, innovative financial products should include risk management and flexible financing.
Evidence for microbially-mediated tradeoffs between growth and defense throughout coral evolution
Authors: Epstein Hannah E. , Brown Tanya , Akinrinade Ayọmikun O. , McMinds Ryan , Pollock F. Joseph , Sonett Dylan , Smith Styles , Bourne David G. , Carpenter Carolina S. , Knight Rob , Willis Bette L. , Medina Mónica , Lamb Joleah B. , Thurber Rebecca Vega , Zaneveld Jesse R. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Evolutionary tradeoffs between life-history strategies are important in animal evolution. Because microbes can influence multiple aspects of host physiology, including growth rate and susceptibility to disease or stress, changes in animal-microbial symbioses have the potential to mediate life-history tradeoffs. Scleractinian corals provide a biodiverse, data-rich, and ecologically-relevant host system to explore this idea.

Results
Using a comparative approach, we tested if coral microbiomes correlate with disease susceptibility across 425 million years of coral evolution by conducting a cross-species coral microbiome survey (the “Global Coral Microbiome Project”) and combining the results with long-term global disease prevalence and coral trait data. Interpreting these data in their phylogenetic context, we show that microbial dominance predicts disease susceptibility, and traced this dominance-disease association to a single putatively beneficial symbiont genus, Endozoicomonas. Endozoicomonas relative abundance in coral tissue explained 30% of variation in disease susceptibility and 60% of variation in microbiome dominance across 40 coral genera, while also correlating strongly with high growth rates.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that the evolution of Endozoicomonas symbiosis in corals correlates with both disease prevalence and growth rate, and suggest a mediating role. Exploration of the mechanistic basis for these findings will be important for our understanding of how microbial symbioses influence animal life-history tradeoffs.
Development of an implementation intervention to promote adoption of the COMFORT clinical practice guideline for peripartum pain management: a qualitative study
Authors: Sharif Limi , Cocroft Shelytia , Smith Shawna N. , Benincasa Christopher , Peahl Alex F. , Low Lisa Kane , Waljee Jennifer , Miller Carrie , Simpson Carey , Moniz Michelle H. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Pain management after childbirth is widely variable, increasing risk of untreated pain, opioid harms, and inequitable experiences of care. The Creating Optimal Pain Management FOR Tailoring Care (COMFORT) clinical practice guideline (CPG) seeks to promote evidence-based, equitable acute peripartum pain management in the United States. We aimed to identify contextual conditions (i.e., barriers and facilitators) and discrete implementation strategies (i.e., theory-based actions taken to routinize a clinical practice) likely to influence COMFORT CPG uptake and specify corresponding multi-component implementation interventions at the perinatal quality collaborative- and unit-level.

Methods
We conducted a qualitative study involving virtual individual interviews and focus groups. Interviews included individuals undergoing childbirth from 2018–2023, (recruited through two online registries), and actively practicing maternity clinicians and surgeons, (recruited via snowball sampling with the eDelphi panel creating the COMFORT CPG), caring for pregnant people in the United States. Focus groups included physicians, midwives, nurses, and unit-based quality improvement (QI) staff working at Michigan hospitals within the Obstetrics Initiative, a statewide perinatal quality collaborative funded by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan and Blue Care Network. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change taxonomy, and Replicating Effective Programs framework informed data collection and analysis. Qualitative content analysis characterized influential contextual conditions, which were linked to implementation strategies and tools using principles of implementation mapping. We then specified multi-component implementation interventions for use by quality collaboratives and unit-based teams.

Results
From May–September 2023, we completed 57 semi-structured individual interviews (31 patients, 26 clinicians) and six focus groups (44 QI champions). Participants identified 10 key conditions influential for COMFORT CPG adoption. Findings enabled identification of five collaborative-level implementation strategies, 27 unit-level implementation strategies, and 12 associated tools to promote COMFORT CPG adoption including the specification of each strategy’s hypothesized mechanism of action and each tool’s goal and potential uses.

Conclusions
This work identifies contextual conditions and implementation strategies and tools at the perinatal quality collaborative and unit levels to promote COMFORT CPG adoption on maternity units. These findings may foster more rapid CPG implementation and thereby promote more equitable and evidence-based perinatal pain management care.
One-year outcome and quality of life of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted to intensive care unit: a single-center retrospective pilot study
Authors: Bergamini Carlo , Brogi Etrusca , Salvigni Sara ,   Cesena Outcome Group, Castagnoli Diletta , Catucci Mattea , Gasperini Chiara , Cecchini Erica , Bevoni Moana , Bartoletti Sabina , Russo Maria , Faedo Serena , Pietrantozzi Dario , Passero Silvia , Romoli Michele , Bini Giovanni , Venditto Alessandra , Lafe Elvis , D’Andrea Marcello , Tosatto Luigino , Ruggiero Maria , Agnoletti Vanni , Russo Emanuele 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represent a group with distinctive characteristics and few data are available on long-term outcome in this population. We conducted a single-center retrospective study in an Italian intensive care unit. All patients with non-traumatic SAH (ICD-9-CM Diagnosis Code 430) admitted to ICU were included. Disability and quality of life were evaluated via telephone interview after 12–15 months after initial bleeding using GOSE and EuroQoL, respectively. Baseline and clinical course characteristics were analyzed to evaluate relation with poor outcome defined as GOSE ≤ 3. Final population consisted of 38 patients. Twenty-four patients (63.2%) had favorable outcome (GOSE ≥ 4). Among 29 patients (76.3%) who survived at 1 year, median EQ-5D Index was 0.743 (IQR 0.287), while median EQ-VAS was 74.79 (IQR 18.5). Median EQ-5D Index and median EQ-VAS were higher among patients with favorable outcome (EQ-5D Index p = 0.037, EQ-VAS p = 0.003). Among baseline characteristics, only HH scale showed a significant relation with disability at one year (p = 0.033). Between complications occurred during ICU-stay only early HICP was related with unfavorable outcome (p = 0.028). Higher HH scale and early HICP were related with unfavorable outcome. Among patients with unfavorable outcome, quality of life has a broad range of variability, and this result should be taken into account when reporting patient-centered outcomes.
Approaches to the diagnosis of Cutaneous Diseases Among Swimmers: Causes, Symptoms, Prevention, Treatment
Authors: Łazicka Patrycja , Jakubowska Eliza , Tarnowska Julia 
Published: January 2025

Introduction
The environment in which the sports enthusiast participates may influence the dermatoses that develop. Skin dermatoses are a significant health problem among athletes, especially swimmers, exposed to long-term contact with water and chemicals used in swimming pools. The use of appropriate diagnostic and preventive strategies, such as functional sports clothing, prevention before the occurrence or rapid diagnosis, can significantly reduce the risk of these diseases.
Aim
The aim of this article is to discuss the main approaches to the diagnosis of dermatoses in swimmers, their prevention and treatment.
Materials and methods
The review was based on the analysis of materials collected in the Google Scholar and,, PubMed’’. The following keywords were entered during the search for scholarly articles: dermatoses, swimmers, skin infections, xerosis, sport. A total of 48 articles were considered for the study and verified for their relevance to the topic.
State of knowledge
Dermatoses in swimmers are the result of a combination of several factors, including impaired skin barrier, bacterial, viral and fungal infections, contact dermatitis, sun-related conditions or acne mechanica. Chemical agents such as chlorine used to disinfect swimming pool water may irritate the skin, causing contact dermatitis. Moreover, mechanical factors, such as skin friction against swimming equipment, and a humid environment leads to fungal and bacterial infections, combined with contact with allergens, e.g. latex, may lead to irritation, hives or other allergic reactions.
Summary (Conclusions)
Swimmers require a comprehensive approach that combines precise diagnostics with effective preventive measures. Proper skin care is crucial, including the use of emollients, protective creams and quick removal of chlorine residues from the body surface after training.
Effects of physical activity on pain, fatigue, inflammation and cardiovascular risk in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wirkijowska Małgorzata , Wirkijowski Jakub , Woźniak Paulina , Gajek-Flanczewska Wiktoria , Flanczewski Sebastian , Wietrzykowska Ewa , Śliwińska Martyna , Wójtowicz Katarzyna , Walczak Agata , Sobolewska Dominika , Podraza Anna , Michalczyk-Fraszka Katarzyna 
Published: January 2025

Introduction and aim of the study: The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in our society is relatively high. As a result, the number of people requiring some kind of treatment or improvement in quality of life is also increasing day by day. In our study, we aimed to explore the topic of reducing discomfort associated with this condition. We decided to examine the effects of physical activity on individual complaints and systemic symptoms. We summarised the influence of different exercises on pain, fatigue, inflammation, and the cardiovascular system.
Materials and methods: The authors conducted an extensive review of articles available in PubMed, Google Scholar, UpToDate, Science Direct, and Cochrane databases. The keywords rheumatoid arthritis, physical activity, quality of life, pain, inflammation, fatigue, and cardiovascular diseases were the basis of the review. Studies published between 2004 and 2024 were included.
Results: Most studies emphasized the positive effects of exercise, particularly aerobic and resistance training, on improving the clinical conditions and well-being of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Nevertheless, the papers with inconsistent results underscored the need to delve further into this topic.
Impact of light-induced atomic desorption on electric field sensing via electromagnetically induced transparency and its correction
Authors: Xiao Dongping , Lin Wenyu , Yan Sheng , Wei Xutao , Zhang Huaiqing 
Published: January 2025

In Rydberg quantum electric field sensing, the amplitude and linewidth of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra significantly impact the accuracy of electric field measurements. This paper discusses the influence of atomic density on the amplitude and linewidth of EIT spectra in a vapor cell within a three-level ladder system driven by two-photon excitation. Due to the adsorption of alkali metal atoms on the inner surface of the vapor cell, the study utilizes light-induced atomic desorption effects to regulate the atomic density using LED light. This approach, combined with probe and coupling lasers, results in the formation of high-amplitude, low-linewidth EIT spectra. Based on the Rydberg atom sensing measurement system constructed in this study, when the number of atoms per cubic meter is less than 1.5×1024, a decrease in the optical depth at the bottom of the EIT leads to a reduction in amplitude and an increase in linewidth. When the number of atoms per cubic meter exceeds 4×1024, a decrease in the peak value at the top of the EIT results in a reduction in amplitude, with a slight decrease in linewidth. By adjusting the atomic density within the vapor cell through the power of desorption light and optimizing the laser Rabi frequency parameters, the atomic number density is maintained between 1.5×1024 and 4×1024 per cubic meter, yielding high-amplitude, low-linewidth EIT spectra. Additionally, the influence of introducing 365 nm desorption light on the accuracy of the constructed electric field measurement system is analyzed and corrected.