bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Interface Defect Passivation via Employing 1‐Methylbenzimidazole for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zheng Haiying , Liu Guozhen , Wu Weiwei , Xu Huifen , Pan Xu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have made great progress, the surface and interface defects still affect their PCE and stability and hinder the commercialization. To overcome this problem, 1‐methylimidazole (1‐MIm) and 1‐methylbenzimidazole (1‐MBIm) were used as the interfacial passivation agents to passivate the defects at surface and interface. The results indicated that, in contrast to 1‐MIm, 1‐MBIm displayed a stronger Lewis coordination interaction with the uncoordinated Pb2+ to reduce the non‐radiative recombination and also effectively improved the charge transfer capacity of perovskite films due to its strong π–π conjugate interaction, resulting in the better photovoltaic performance. As a result, the PCE of the champion 1‐MBIm PSC was improved from 19.48 (pristine) to 21.22 % with a dramatically enhanced open‐circuit voltage (Voc=1.15 V). More importantly, a significant improvement in long‐term stability was achieved for 1‐MBIm perovskite devices, which was attributed to the high‐quality perovskite film caused by the strong passivation effect of 1‐MBIm and the hydrogen bond with water molecules. The results offers an efficient and facile strategy by interface engineering to fabricate high‐performance and stable PSCs for commercial application.
Compensatory adaptation and diversification subsequent to evolutionary rescue in a model adaptive radiation
Authors: Zhou Dong‐Hao , Zhang Quan‐Guo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBiological populations may survive lethal environmental stress through evolutionary rescue. The rescued populations typically suffer a reduction in growth performance and harbor very low genetic diversity compared with their parental populations. The present study addresses how population size and within‐population diversity may recover through compensatory evolution, using the experimental adaptive radiation of bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens. We exposed bacterial populations to an antibiotic treatment and then imposed a one‐individual‐size population bottleneck on those surviving the antibiotic stress. During the subsequent compensatory evolution, population size increased and leveled off very rapidly. The increase of diversity was of slower paces and persisted longer. In the very early stage of compensatory evolution, populations of large sizes had a greater chance to diversify; however, this productivity–diversification relationship was not observed in later stages. Population size and diversity from the end of the compensatory evolution was not contingent on initial population growth performance. We discussed the possibility that our results be explained by the emergence of a “holey” fitness landscape under the antibiotic stress.
Heart failure drug titration, discontinuation, mortality and heart failure hospitalization risk: a multinational observational study (US, UK and Sweden)
Authors: Savarese Gianluigi , Bodegard Johan , Norhammar Anna , Sartipy Peter , Thuresson Marcus , Cowie Martin R. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Coats Andrew J.S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimsUse and dosing of guideline‐directed medical therapy (GDMT) in patients with heart failure (HF) have been shown to be suboptimal. Among new users of GDMT in HF, we followed the real‐life patterns of dose titration and discontinuation of angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), beta‐blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) and angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI).Methods and resultsNew users were identified in health care databases in Sweden, UK and US between 2016–2019. Inclusion criterion was a recent HF hospitalization (HHF) triggering the initiation of GDMT. Patients were grouped by GDMT, i.e. ACEi, ARB, beta‐blocker, MRA and ARNI, and stratified by initial dose. Follow‐up was 12 months, until death or study end. Outcomes were dose titration within each drug class, discontinuation and first HHF or death. Dose/discontinuation follow‐up was assessed daily based on the coverage length of a filled prescription and reported on day 365. New users of ACEi (n = 8426), ARB (n = 2303), beta‐blockers (n = 10 476), MRA (n = 17 421), and ARNI (n = 29 546) were identified. Over 12 months, target dose achievement was 15%, 10%, 12%, 30%, and discontinuation was 55%, 33%, 24% and 27% for ACEi, ARB, beta‐blockers and ARNI, respectively. MRA was rarely titrated and discontinuation rates were high (40%). Event rates for HHF or death ranged from 40.0–86.9 per 100 patient‐years across the treatment groups.ConclusionDespite high risk of clinical events following HHF, new initiation of GDMT was followed by consistent patterns of low up‐titration and early GDMT discontinuation in three countries with different health care and economies. Our data highlight the urgent need for moving away from long sequential approach when initiating HF treatment and for improving just‐in‐time decision support for patients and health care providers.
Hybrid technique for load frequency control of renewable energy sources with unified power flow controller and energy storage integration
Authors: Munisamy Vijayalaxmi , Sundarajan Rahul Somnath 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIn this manuscript, the load frequency control (LFC) of multiple area hybrid power system (PS) integrated with renewable energy sources (RESs) using energy storage system (ESS) is proposed. The proposed hybrid method is the joint execution of Meta‐heuristic Anopheles Search Algorithm (MASA) and artificial intelligence (AI) technique and hence it is named as MASAAI technique. The main aim of the proposal is “to diminish the load frequency deviations in 3‐area hybrid PS.” The thyristor controlled phase shifter (TCPS) and ultra‐capacitor (UC) application are used in LFC. During the operation of power system, the power distribution quality is suffered owing to continual and random changes in load. Hence, the PS control is necessary for maintaining a continual balance amid the power generation and load demand. The proportional integral derivative (PID) is agreed to LFC mode. Here, the 3‐area system is incorporated with conventional RESs like solar, biomass, and fuel cell. UPFC is joined in series with tie‐line, ensures the stabilization of the system and also presents more service and the quality of power is sustained by the subordinate control of super capacitor energy storage. With the help of MASAAI method, suppressing the peak value of the frequency deviation by power modulation control is a way to lessen this issue. With this proper control, the MASAAI method efficiency becomes optimum in deregulated environment that is agreed to LFC mode. Finally, the proposed method is activated in MATLAB/Simulink site and the performance is compared with existing methods. Finally, the simulation outcomes demonstrate that the efficiency of MASAAI method is more efficient compared to the existing methods.
Impact of Public Health Policies on Alcohol‐Associated Liver Disease in Latin America: An Ecological Multinational Study
Authors: Díaz Luis Antonio , Idalsoaga Francisco , Fuentes‐López Eduardo , Márquez‐Lomas Andrea , Ramírez Carolina A. , Roblero Juan Pablo , Araujo Roberta C. , Higuera‐de‐la‐Tijera Fátima , Toro Luis Guillermo , Pazmiño Galo , Montes Pedro , Hernandez Nelia , Mendizabal Manuel , Corsi Oscar , Ferreccio Catterina , Lazo Mariana , Brahmania Mayur , Singal Ashwani K. , Bataller Ramon , Arrese Marco , Arab Juan Pablo 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims
Alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) is the leading cause of liver‐related mortality in Latin America, yet the impact of public health policies (PHP) on liver disease is unknown. We aimed to assess the association between alcohol PHP and deaths due to ALD in Latin American countries.

Approach and Results
We performed an ecological multinational study including 20 countries in Latin America (628,466,088 inhabitants). We obtained country‐level sociodemographic information from the World Bank Open Data source. Alcohol‐related PHP data for countries were obtained from the World Health Organization Global Information System of Alcohol and Health. We constructed generalized linear models to assess the association between the number of PHP (in 2010) and health outcomes (in 2016). In Latin America, the prevalence of obesity was 27% and 26.1% among male and female populations, respectively. The estimated alcohol per capita consumption among the population at 15 years old or older was 6.8 L of pure alcohol (5.6 recorded and 1.2 unrecorded). The overall prevalence of alcohol use disorders (AUD) was 4.9%. ALD was the main cause of cirrhosis in 64.7% of male and 40.0% of female populations. A total of 19 (95%) countries have at least one alcohol‐related PHP on alcohol. The most frequent PHP were limiting drinking age (95%), tax regulations (90%), drunk‐driving policies and countermeasures (90%), and government monitoring systems and community support (90%). A higher number of PHP was associated with a lower ALD mortality (PR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61‐0.93; P = 0.009), lower AUD prevalence (PR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65‐0.99; P = 0.045), and lower alcohol‐attributable road traffic deaths (PR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.65‐1.00; P = 0.051).

Conclusions
Our study indicates that in Latin America, countries with higher number of PHP have lower mortality due to ALD, lower prevalence of AUD, and lower alcohol‐attributable road traffic mortality.
Chyme Reinfusion Restores the Regulatory Bile Salt–FGF19 Axis in Patients With Intestinal Failure
Authors: Koelfat Kiran V.K. , Picot Denis , Chang Xinwei , Desille‐Dugast Mireille , van Eijk Hans M. , van Kuijk Sander M.J. , Lenicek Martin , Layec Sabrina , Carsin Marie , Dussaulx Laurence , Seynhaeve Eloi , Trivin Florence , Lacaze Laurence , Thibault Ronan , Schaap Frank G. , Olde Damink Steven W.M. 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims
Automated chyme reinfusion (CR) in patients with intestinal failure (IF) and a temporary double enterostomy (TDE) restores intestinal function and protects against liver injury, but the mechanisms are incompletely understood. The aim was to investigate whether the beneficial effects of CR relate to functional recovery of enterohepatic signaling through the bile salt–FGF19 axis.

Approach and Results
Blood samples were collected from 12 patients, 3 days before, at start, and 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks after CR initiation. Plasma FGF19, total bile salts (TBS), 7‐α‐hydroxy‐4‐cholesten‐3‐one (C4; a marker of bile salt synthesis), citrulline (CIT), bile salt composition, liver tests, and nutritional risk indices were determined. Paired small bowel biopsies prior to CR and after 21 days were taken, and genes related to bile salt homeostasis and enterocyte function were assessed. CR induced an increase in plasma FGF19 and decreased C4 levels, indicating restored regulation of bile salt synthesis through endocrine FGF19 action. TBS remained unaltered during CR. Intestinal farnesoid X receptor was up‐regulated after 21 days of CR. Secondary and deconjugated bile salt fractions were increased after CR, reflecting restored microbial metabolism of host bile salts. Furthermore, CIT and albumin levels gradually rose after CR, while abnormal serum liver tests normalized after CR, indicating restored intestinal function, improved nutritional status, and amelioration of liver injury. CR increased gene transcripts related to enterocyte number, carbohydrate handling, and bile salt homeostasis. Finally, the reciprocal FGF19/C4 response after 7 days predicted the plasma CIT time course.

Conclusions
CR in patients with IF‐TDE restored bile salt–FGF19 signaling and improved gut–liver function. Beneficial effects of CR are partly mediated by recovery of the bile salt–FGF19 axis and subsequent homeostatic regulation of bile salt synthesis.
Comparison of HBV RNA and Hepatitis B Core Related Antigen With Conventional HBV Markers Among Untreated Adults With Chronic Hepatitis B in North America
Authors: Ghany Marc G. , King Wendy C. , Lisker‐Melman Mauricio , Lok Anna S.F. , Terrault Norah , Janssen Harry L.A. , Khalili Mandana , Chung Raymond T. , Lee William M. , Lau Daryl T.Y. , Cloherty Gavin A. , Sterling Richard K. 
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims
The clinical utility of two biomarkers, hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA and hepatitis B core‐related antigen (HBcrAg), as compared to conventional markers of HBV replication and disease activity, is unclear.

Approach and Results
Untreated participants in the North American Hepatitis B Research Network Adult Cohort Study were categorized by chronic hepatitis B (CHB) phases based on HBsAg and HBeAg status and HBV DNA and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. HBV RNA and HBcrAg were measured (Abbott HBV pgRNA Research Assay and Fujirebio Lumipulse Immunoassay, respectively), and cross‐sectional associations with conventional CHB markers were tested. Among 1,409 participants across all CHB phases, median HBV DNA was 3.8 log10 IU/mL and ALT was 34 U/L. HBV RNA was quantifiable in 99% of HBeAg+ and 58% of HBeAg− participants; HBcrAg was quantifiable in 20% of HBeAg+ (above linear range in the other 80%) and 51% of HBeAg− participants. Both markers differed across CHB phases (P < 0.001), with higher levels in the HBeAg+ and HBeAg− immune active phases. HBV RNA and HBcrAg correlated moderately strongly with HBV DNA in both HBeAg+ and HBeAg− phases (HBV RNA: e+ ρ = 0.84; e− ρ = 0.78; HBcrAg: e+ ρ = 0.66; e− ρ = 0.56; P for all, <0.001), but with HBsAg levels among HBeAg+ phases only (HBV RNA: e+ ρ = 0.71; P < 0.001; e− ρ = 0.18; P = 0.56; HBcrAg: e+ ρ = 0.51; P < 0.001; e− ρ = 0.27; P < 0.001). Associations of higher HBV RNA and HBcrAg levels with higher ALT, APRI, and Fibrosis‐4 levels were consistent in HBeAg−, but not HBeAg+, phases.

Conclusions
Despite clear relationships between HBV RNA and HBcrAg levels and CHB phases, these markers have limited additional value in differentiating CHB phases because of their strong association with HBV DNA and, to a lesser extent, with clinical disease indicators.
Review of educational tools for skin self‐examination: A qualitative analysis of laypeople’s preferences
Authors: Silva Carina V. , Horsham Caitlin , Janda Monika 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIssue addressedSkin self‐examination (SSE) empowers individuals to be aware of their skin and to identify and present to a doctor with any suspicious lesions; however evidence‐based, clear guidance for SSE is lacking.MethodsA new acronym entitled SCAN (Sore, Changing, Abnormal, New) was compiled to help laypeople recognise early signs of skin cancer. This study undertook a qualitative investigation on how well laypeople understand SCAN and other commonly used educational tools (ABCDE, AC, and “ugly duckling”), whether they have a preferred SSE tool, and whether pictorial presentations enhance their understanding.ResultsSeven focus groups were conducted with 28 participants (age range 19‐78 years), including 6 participants with a previous melanoma diagnosis. Among all the educational tools presented, SCAN was commonly described as the favoured to guide SSE. SCAN was perceived as patient‐oriented due to its simplicity and use of easily understood words, while other tools, although perceived as positive in some aspects, were often identified as complex, difficult to understand and aimed towards clinician use. Pictorial presentations were desired as part of an educational tool; however, many also raised their potential disadvantages.ConclusionThis was the first study to determine the patient perspective of SCAN and established a diverse range of potential quality indicators for SSE educational tools.So what?The findings of this study suggest that current widely used SSE tools may not be the most effective to promote SSE. SCAN may be preferred, as it simplifies SSE by using lay language and is applicable to all skin cancers.
Composition control of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) copolymerization by oxygen transfer rate (OTR) in Azotobacter vinelandii OPNA
Authors: Torres‐Pedraza Angie Johanna , Salgado‐Lugo Holjes , Segura Daniel , Díaz‐Barrera Alvaro , Peña Carlos 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the composition of poly‐3‐hydoxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) by the polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) overproducing mutant OPNA of Azotobacter vinelandii cultured under different conditions.RESULTSThe oxygen transfer rate (OTR) significantly affected PHBV composition in cultures in shaken flasks; the highest content of 3‐hydroxyvalerate (3HV; 28%) was achieved from cultures developed at an OTRmax of 5.87 mmol L−1 h−1. In the bioreactor, cultures were grown under oxygen‐limited conditions and different OTRs, varying the agitation rate. The highest PHBV accumulation (85%) was achieved at a low OTRmax (4.96 mmol L−1 h −1), whereas the maximum content of 3HV (8.5 mol%) was obtained at a higher OTRmax (20.3 mmol L−1 h−1). The OPNA strain produced a copolymer of ultra‐high molecular weight.CONCLUSIONSOur results reveal that increasing the OTRmax raises the molar fraction of 3HV in the PHBV copolymer. Therefore, the manipulation of OTR could be a feasible strategy to produce PHBV copolymers with different monomeric compositions at industrial level. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Raman spectroscopy and correlative‐Raman technology excel as an optimal stage for carbon‐based electrode materials in electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Zheng Ying , Deng Ting , Yue Nailin , Zhang Wei , Zhu Xuanbo , Yang He , Chu Xianyu , Zheng Weitao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe structural details of carbon materials directly affect their properties as an electrode material, such as specific capacitance and coulomb efficiency. Therefore, the structural analysis of carbon materials has always been an important step in the mechanistic insight into their roles in electrochemical energy storage. Raman spectroscopy, as molecular spectroscopy technique, has been widely used in understanding the lattice vibration mechanics of carbon materials and providing information on the chemical structure at molecular level, as well as microstructure analysis of carbon materials. In addition, the development of correlative‐Raman technology enables clarifying more comprehensive and accurate structural information for carbon‐based materials. With this information, it is of great significance to guide the construction of advanced carbon‐based electrode materials for energy storage.
The Prognostic Utility of Intraoperative Allograft Vascular Inflow Measurements in Donation After Circulatory Death Liver Transplantation
Authors: Nair Amit , Sasaki Kazunari , Diago Uso Teresa , D’Amico Giuseppe , Eghtesad Bijan , Aucejo Federico , Kwon Choon Hyuck David , Fujiki Masato , Miller Charles , Hashimoto Koji , Quintini Cristiano 
Published: June 2021

Donation after circulatory death (DCD) liver transplantation improves deceased donor liver use and decreases waitlist burden, albeit at an increased risk of biliary complications and inferior graft survival. Employing liver vascular inflow measurements intraoperatively permits allograft prognostication. However, its use in DCD liver transplantation is hitherto largely unknown and further explored here. DCD liver transplantation patient records at a single center from 2005 to 2018 were retrospectively scrutinized. Intraoperative flow data and relevant donor parameters were analyzed against endpoints of biliary events and graft survival. A total of 138 cases were chosen. The incidence of cumulative biliary complications was 38%, the majority of which were anastomotic strictures and managed successfully by endoscopic means. The ischemic cholangiopathy rate was 6%. At median thresholds of a portal vein (PV) flow rate of <92 mL/minute/100 g and buffer capacity (BC) of >0.04, both variables were independently associated with risk of biliary events (P = 0.01 and 0.04, respectively). Graft survival was 90% at 12 months and 75% at 5 years. Cox regression analysis revealed a PV flow rate of <50 mL/minute/100 g as predictive of poorer graft survival (P = 0.01). Furthermore, 126 of these DCD livers were analyzed against a propensity‐matched group of 378 contemporaneous donation after brain death liver allografts (1:3), revealing significantly higher rates (P < 0.001) of both early allograft dysfunction (70% versus 30%) and biliary complications (37% versus 20%) in the former group. Although flow data were comparable between both sets, PV flow and BC were predictive of biliary events only in the DCD cohort. Intraoperative inflow measurements therefore provide valuable prognostication on biliary/graft outcomes in DCD liver transplantation, can help inform graft surveillance, and its routine use is recommended.
DNA analysis of skeletal remains of an important historical figure from the period of mediaeval Bosnia
Authors: Dzehverovic Mirela , Cakar Jasmina , Bujak Edin , Pilav Amela , Ramic Jasmin , Kalajdzic Abdurahim , Pojskic Naris 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe analysis of ancient DNA recovered from skeletal remains is routinely used for identification and individualization of long‐deceased persons mainly through the reconstruction of familial relationships. Such ancient genetic analyses have been conducted on archaeological material excavated at late mediaeval necropolis Kopošići (Ilijaš near Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina) dating from the 14th to 15th centuries AD. The genetic study included the analysis of nuclear short tandem repeats (STRs) and Y‐chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y‐STR) markers from four skeletons buried under the stećak tombstones. Under one stećak with two rosettes, the decapitated skeleton of an unknown identity was found. Although there were no historical records where the great Bosnian prince Mirko Radojević was buried, obtained DNA results suggested his identity. Association of Y‐haplogroups of skeletal remains to the two most common Y‐haplogroups in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina indicates the consistency of genetic markers over hundreds of years as well.