bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A brief survey of digital media access among pregnant teens (806.12)
Authors: Whisner Corrie , Cooper Elizabeth , Pressman Eva , O'Brien Kimberly 
Published: June 2021

Adolescents have greater access to accurate and relevant health information via the internet. The aim of this study was to briefly describe the availability and use of digital media among pregnant teens. A total of 32 girls (aged 13‐18) between 12 and 30 weeks of gestation enrolled in an intervention to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on inflammation across pregnancy. Volunteers completed a short survey on internet use, participation in social media and interest in learning about prenatal care. Teens were racially diverse (48.5% Black, 24.2% White, 24.2% other, and 3.0% American Indian) and 48.5% of teens were enrolled in WIC. All but one teen had internet access with the majority of teens using the internet on home (43.8%, n=14) or library (15.6%, n=5) computers. More than half (59.4%) of the teens used the internet daily while 15.6% and 18.7% of teens accessed the internet one to a few times per week and a few times per month or less, respectively. Digital communication was popular such that 71.9% (n=23), 54.8% (n=17) and 65.6% (n=21) of teens reported the use of Facebook, email and personal cell phones, respectively. Half (n=16) of the teens with phones had cellular internet access and all had phones with text messaging. When asked if teens would like to receive information to promote healthy pregnancies, 87.5% (n=28) of respondents said yes. Preferences for receiving this information were 53.1%, 18.8%, 18.8% and 3.1% for text messages, paper, email and Facebook, respectively. Pregnant teens value digital media and leveraging the use of social media and internet resources may be affordable and effective ways of informing this high risk group about prenatal care.Grant Funding Source: Supported by AFRI Grant No. 2012‐67017‐30216 and 2012‐67012‐19815
Ideas to solve the obesity epidemic: a pilot study evaluating college students’ perspectives (808.22)
Authors: Fernandes Nicolle , Trivedi Rupal , Desouza Josephine 
Published: June 2021

As the obesity crisis encompasses the younger generation, this study aimed at evaluating college students’ perspective on the obesity solution. Students enrolled in a junior‐level nutrition class at a Midwestern university participated in an online discussion that solicited ideas (open‐ended format) to solve the obesity problem. Discussions were hosted on the university’s Blackboard Learning System. Seventy‐eight college students (69 females and 16 males); mean age of 20 + 3.0 years and average body mass index (BMI) of 24.7 + 4.7 were included. More than half the participants identified nutrition education 65% (n=51) and physical activity 55% (n=42) as key aspects in managing obesity. Within the education domain, emphasis was placed on the value of parents and children taking nutrition classes mutually, which might help to carry the family unit to a healthier body weight. The theme of family involvement also extended towards engagement in physical activity where family bonding was deemed an additional benefit. Approximately 36% (n=28) of students believe that parents play an influential role in controlling obesity in children. Parents may leverage that control by limiting for example, youngster’s screen time. Additionally, parents can positively influence children by leading through personal examples of good nutrition and exercise routines. Students also acknowledged the media’s influence on food choices. Other ideas included structuring the grocery store for optimum display of healthier foods, regulation of cafeteria menus, making sports less competitive and more fun, and encouraging the use of nutrition labels. Additionally, providing a tax break for healthy foods at the expense of unhealthy foods was suggested. In conclusion, although college students, on average, recognize the importance of the role of nutrition education and physical activity in managing the obesity epidemic, they understand the complex nature of the problem and believe that the solution may start at “home”.Grant Funding Source: None
Ready to eat cereal consumption with total and cause‐specific mortality: prospective analysis of 367,442 individuals (810.20)
Authors: Qi Lu , Xu Min , Lee Albert , Cho Susan 
Published: June 2021

Background □ Intakes of ready to eat cereals (RTEC) have been inversely associated with the risk factors of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and certain cancers; however their relations with total and cause‐specific mortality remain unclear. We prospectively assessed the associations of RTEC intakes with all causes and disease‐specific mortality risk.Methods and Results □ The study included 367,442 participants from the prospective NIH‐AARP Diet and Health Study. Intakes of RTEC were assessed at baseline. Over an average of 14 years of follow‐up, in total 46,067 deaths were documented. Consumption of RTEC was inversely associated with risk of mortality from all‐cause mortality and death from cancer, digestive cancer, CVD, and respiratory disease. In multivariable models, as compared with non‐consumers of RTEC, those in the highest intake of RTEC had a 15% lower risk of all‐cause mortality and 10‐30% lower risk of disease‐specific mortality such as deaths from CVD, diabetes, all cancers, and digestive caner (all P for trend < 0.05). Within RTEC consumers, total fiber intakes were associated with reduced risk of mortality from all‐cause mortality (15%) and deaths from CVD (12%), cancer (10%), digestive cancer (17%), and respiratory disease (10%).Conclusions □ Intakes of RTEC were inversely associated all‐cause mortality and disease‐specific mortality; Within RTEC consumers, higher intake of total fiber was associated with reduced risk of total and cause‐specific mortality.
Psychometric properties and validation of an instrument to measure perception of well‐being associated with water intake (IPBA) (810.33)
Authors: Monterrubio Eric , Espinosa Juan , Sánchez Marcela , Barquera Simón 
Published: June 2021

The IPBA was developed from a qualitative study and validated by an expert panel to measure perceived physical and mental welfare associated to hydration using 56 items and 2 dimensions: Physical (PW) and Mental (MW) Wellness. The objective of this analysis was to validate this instrument in adults of low socioeconomic status from Cuernavaca, Mexico.The IPBA was applied to participants of an intervention study (Clinical Trial: NCT01982981). We used Cronbach's alpha (CA) and conducted Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). A score was constructed with items from the final model and was associated with total liquids intake using a regression model.A total of 676 participants were included in the EFA. We identified two dimensions with 10 items each, the CA was 0.82 and 0.85 respectively, and the factor loadings over 0.45. In the CFA, 412 participants were included; the global CA was 0.844 (PW= 0.80; MW=0.79). Robust estimates of the model were satisfactory: Satorra‐Bentler test=115.4 (p=0.34), CFI=0.99 and RMSEA=0.011. In the final model 17 items were included achieving a maximum score of 68 and a minimum of zero. The welfare score was associated to liquid intake (0.85, p = 0.005).The IPBA is able to quantify the perception of welfare associated with hydration.
Association of marijuana use with oxidative stress and antioxidant nutrients in HIV+ adults on antiretroviral therapy (810.34)
Authors: Vraney Joy , Stewart Tiffanie , Campa Adriana , Greer Pedro , Li Yinghui , Martinez Sabrina , Baum Marianna 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To assess the effect of marijuana (MJ) use on oxidative stress and antioxidant intake in 201 HIV+ adults with a high exposure to MJ.Methods: Plasma oxidized glutathione and 8‐oxo‐dG were collected. Intakes of Vitamins A, E and C, carotenoids, Selenium, and Zinc were assessed by 24‐hour recalls.Results: Mean age was 45.2±8.1 years and 27% used MJ. Users were significantly younger than non‐users (42 vs. 46 years, p<0.01). There were no significant differences between MJ users and non‐users in markers of oxidative stress, although the mean oxidative stress was well above the mean for the general population and the mean antioxidant intakes were all under the RDAs.Conclusions: In HIV+ adults, there were no differences in markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant intakes between MJ users and non‐users, probably due to the high levels of oxidative stress and low antioxidant intakes in this population, showing that this population may benefit from antioxidant supplementation. MJ use is still controversial, and our findings were limited by small sample size. More controlled research is needed to assess advantages and disadvantages of MJ use in this population with a high rate of exposure.Grant Funding Source: NIDA and NIAAA
Effect of heat stress on expression of amino acid and glucose transporters in pigs (816.4)
Authors: Cota Margarita , Arce Néstor , Castillo Gilberto , Araiza Benedicto , Cervantes Miguel , Morales Adriana 
Published: June 2021

Animals exposed to high ambient temperatures (AT) suffer from heat stress (HS), which provokes physiological and metabolic changes. HS seems to affect the gastro intestinal tract integrity hence affecting absorption capacity. An experiment was conducted with 18 pigs (32.4±2.7 kg BW) to examine the effect of natural severe HS (AT up to 45 °C) on expression of amino acid (b0,+, CAT1) and glucose (SLC2A1, GLUT4) transporters in duodenum, jejunum, liver, and Longisimus (LDM) and Semitendinosus (STM) muscles. Treatments (T) were: T1, comfort pigs housed in AT controlled room (22±2 °C) and fed ad libitum (C‐AL); T2, pigs housed as in T1, but feed‐restricted (C‐FR); T3, pigs housed in a room with no climate control (AT raised up to 45 °C; HS). HS pigs consumed about 95% of their ad libitum feed intake, and feed intake of C‐FR was similar to that of HS pigs. All pigs received the same diet and purified water. HS increased relative expression of CAT‐1 (P=0.043) in liver, but reduced it in LDM (P=0.007). HS increased duodenal expression of SLC2A1 (P=0.041), and that of GLUT4 (P=0.063) in STM. Severe HS affects the expression of glucose and amino acid transporters in selected pig tissues.Grant Funding Source: Supported by CONACYT‐México
Tissue‐engineered extracellular matrices for 3D tissue modeling and clinical applications (82.2)
Authors: Germain Lucie 
Published: June 2021

Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are a key component of the tissue structure and influence cell responses and organ functionality. At the LOEX centre from Laval University, the self‐assembly approach for tissue engineering was designed to elaborate complex living substitutes based on the ability of cells to produce and organize their own extracellular matrices. Various tissues have been produced such as skin, cornea, blood vessels, etc without exogenous ECM or scaffolds. These natural ECMs favor the preservation of stem cells, facilitate vascularization and innervation, and provides adequate mechanical properties to these living three‐dimensional constructs. Moreover, this technique allows the fabrication of autologous substitutes. Tissue‐engineered skin, comprising a dermis and an epidermis, provides a permanent autologous graft for severely burned patients. No significant contraction was observed in vivo after grafting these tissue‐engineered skin substitutes. The presence of the ECMs promoted a good healing and suppleness after grafting. Thus, natural ECMs can be produced in vitro to generate tissue‐engineered substitutes for in vitro studies and clinical applications.Supported by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR), Fonds de Recherche du Québec en Santé (FRQS), and the Cell and Tissue Therapy Network of the FRQS. LG is holder of the Chair on Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering.
Pottenger's cats revisited: a classic example of a nutritional deficiency of taurine (820.4)
Authors: Davidson Robert , Emlet Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

Objective. From 1932 to 1942, Dr. Francis Marion Pottenger Jr. conducted a group of experiments to determine the effects of heat‐processed food on cats. Cats fed an all‐raw diet were healthy while cats fed the cooked meat diet developed various health problems. At the time of Pottenger's studies the heat labile amino acid taurine had not yet been identified as essential for cats. This work shows that the deficiencies Pottenger identified in cats correspond with those of a taurine deficiency and are the direct result of the lack of taurine in the feline diet.Methods. Pub Med and EBSCO Host were utilized to obtain journal articles. The Pottenger papers were obtained from the Price‐Pottenger Nutritional Foundation. The physiological effects of a cooked diet described by Pottenger in his papers were compared with data from recent studies on taurine deficiency in the feline diet.Results. Pottenger’s main observations of near and far sightedness, cardiac leasions, increased stillbirth, low birthweight, poor kitten survival, and developmental abnormalities each correspond to published descriptions of taurine deficiency in cats with multiple references for each described condition.Conclusions. Taurine deficiency is a strong explanation for the symptoms observed by Pottenger in his cat studies. Pottenger’s own conclusion that there was an ‘as yet unidentified, heat‐labile protein factor’ is realized in taurine.
High protein diets enhance glycemic regulation during energy restriction: a comparative analysis of milk‐ and soy‐based diets (823.1)
Authors: Lin Gregory , Murphy Nancy , Gaffney‐Stomberg Erin , Young Andrew , McClung James , Pasiakos Stefan 
Published: June 2021

Consuming high protein during energy restriction (ER) promotes glycemic control. However, the extent to which protein source modulates the glycemic response and the intracellular mechanisms by which hepatic regulation of blood glucose is maintained during ER is not well described. Eighty male Sprague‐Dawley rats (12 weeks old) were randomly divided into 8 treatment groups and fed energy adequate (EA) or ER (60% of the ad libitum feed intake for EA) diets containing two levels (control: CP, 10%; and high protein: HP, 35%) and sources (milk protein concentrate: MPC; and low isoflavone soy concentrate: SOY) of protein for 16 weeks. Fasting serum insulin and glucose concentrations were assessed, and hepatic regulators of gluconeogenesis were analyzed using Western blot. Blood glucose was similar across groups (group mean ± SD, 109 ± 11 mg/dL, P > 0.05). However, insulin levels were lower (P < 0.05) for HP (162 ± 63 pmol/L) than CP (208 ± 80 pmol/L); ER (165 ± 65 pmol/L) than EA (204 ± 80 pmol/L); and MPC (160 ± 66 pmol/L) than SOY (208 ± 75 pmol/L). Independent of protein source and energy status, glucose‐6‐phosphatase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and hepatic nuclear factor‐1α total protein content were higher (P < 0.05) for HP than CP. These data confirm the gluconeogenic advantage conferred by consuming a HP diet and suggest that a milk‐based diet may further enhance glycemic control by increasing insulin sensitivity.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Dairy Research Institute and USAMRMC
Plasma and breast milk biotin concentrations decrease in lactating women consuming a dietary biotin intake exceeding current recommendations (827.10)
Authors: Perry Cydne , West Allyson , Yan Jian , Jiang Xinyin , Malysheva Olga , Caudill Marie 
Published: June 2021

Biotin is a water‐soluble B vitamin with many key roles in human metabolism. As a cofactor for several carboxylation reactions, biotin is required for gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and leucine catabolism. Biotin may also interact with histones to affect genome expression. The dietary requirement for biotin is unknown. Thus, recommendations are provided as Adequate Intakes (AIs). The biotin AI for adults and pregnant women is 30μg/d and for lactating women, 35μg/d. As part of a controlled feeding study, healthy pregnant (n=26, 27wk gestation), lactating (n=28, 5wk postpartum), and control (non‐pregnant, non‐lactating; n=21) women consumed ~60μg dietary biotin/d for 10‐12 weeks. Plasma and breast milk samples were collected and biotin was measured at baseline (wk 0) and study end (wk 10 or 12). Plasma biotin was measured via ELISA kit and breast milk biotin was measured via LCMS. Throughout the study, the response of plasma biotin varied by reproductive group (P = 0.05). Among pregnant (P=0.65) and control (P=0.88) women, plasma biotin did not change from baseline (pregnant: 130ng/L (105, 161); control: 143ng/L (113, 180)) to study end (pregnant: 137ng/L (111, 170); control: 146ng/L (115, 184)). However, among lactating women, plasma biotin decreased (P < 0.01) from baseline (193ng/L (157, 237)) to study end (136ng/L (111, 167)) as did breast milk biotin concentrations (P = 0.02; baseline: 12pM/mL (8.2, 16.5); study end: 7pM/mL (4.8, 9.7)). In addition, plasma and breast milk biotin concentrations were correlated (rho=0.501; P< 0.001). These results indicate that plasma biotin may be a biomarker for breast milk biotin and that lactating women may benefit from a dietary biotin intake that exceeds the study dose of 60μg/d. Data presented as means and 95% confidence intervals.Grant Funding Source: Support:The Hartwell Foundation,The Gerber Foundation,NIH R03 HD065962‐01A1,Shepherd Univ Foundation
Chromium 3+ as a therapy for diabetes type 2 (828.1)
Authors: Harland Barbara , Oberleas Donald 
Published: June 2021

Chromium in the +3 oxidative state is an essential and important form metabolically Chromium forms very stable complexes with water (5 x 10‐7 M‐1s‐1), urea, ammonia, halides, sulfate and organic acids. Chromium's major function is in proper glucose utilization by establishing stable complexes with glutamic acid residues in insulin, in a chaperone located between the insulin and insulin receptor. The insulin receptor will open a glucose channel in the cell membrane and thus allow the glucose to enter the cell to be metabolized by glycolysis. Only small amounts of chromium are required, less than 1 % of dietary chromium is absorbed and retained. The chaperone has been isolated from liver and kidney of several mammalian species and bovine colostrum. The chaperone is composed of glycine, cysteine, aspartate and glutamate in a molar ratio of 2:2:2:4 and has a molecular weight of ~1500.The combination of insulin, chaperone and insulin receptor are the functional aspects of the receptor. Chaperone and insulin require stability for activation of tyrosine kinase for the process of providing the means to transport glucose into the metabolic cells for metabolism to energy and the provision of carbon segments for other metabolic entities. Though the number of human test subjects is small, it has been demonstrated that Diabetes Type 2 can be effectively treated as a chromium deficiency.
Quercetin and red onion extract attenuate high fat diet‐induced insulin resistance while increasing energy expenditure and skeletal muscle mitochondrial number despite a decrease in Pgc1a (829.1)
Authors: Henagan Tara , Stewart Laura , Ribnicky David , Noland Robert , Forney Laura , Gettys Thomas , Cefalu William 
Published: June 2021

Quercetin (Q), a bioflavonoid abundant in onions, attenuates the development of insulin resistance (IR) and increases expression of the transcriptional coactivator, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator‐1 alpha (PGC1α). We investigated the effects of Q and Q‐rich red onion extract (RO) on ameliorating high fat diet (HFD)‐induced IR and altering skeletal muscle Pgc1a expression and mitochondrial biogenesis. 9wks of Q and RO supplementation on a 45% HFD decreased adiposity (P<0.05) in C57BL6/J mice and increased energy expenditure (P<0.05) compared to HFD‐fed mice. Q and RO mice exhibited increased insulin sensitivity (P<0.05) and muscle mitochondrial number (P<0.05). Pgc1a gene expression was decreased in Q (P<0.01) and RO (P<0.05) groups. In direct contradiction to the 9wk Q‐ and RO‐induced decreases in the present study, we previously found that Q significantly increased Pgc1a after 8wks of supplementation, suggesting that (1) Q and RO may mediate their effects on mitochondrial adaptation independent of changes in Pgc1a or (2) Q‐ and RO‐induced increases in Pgc1a are necessary for establishing but not sustaining mitochondrial adaptation. We conclude that dietary Q and RO supplementation ameliorate HFD‐induced obesity and prevent IR by increasing energy expenditure and skeletal muscle mitochondrial number.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH 5T32‐DK064584‐09, 5P50‐AT002776‐09, 8P20‐GM103528‐07 and 5P30‐DK072476‐07 grants.
Alpha‐lipoic acid reduces LDL‐particle number and PCSK9 concentrations in high‐fat fed obese Zucker rats (829.14)
Authors: Rideout Todd , Carrier Bradley , Wen Shin , Zigouras Sophia 
Published: June 2021

Alpha‐lipoic acid (LA) possesses hypocholesterolemic properties; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We examined the effects of LA supplementation on blood cholesterol, lipoprotein distribution, and hepatic cholesterol homeostasis in a high fat fed Zucker rat model driven by both a genetic predisposition and diet induction toward obesity and dyslipidemia. Rats (n=8) were assigned to a high fat (HF) diet or the HF diet with 0.25% LA (HF‐LA) for 30 days. LA‐supplementation protected against diet‐induced obesity (102.5±3.1 vs. 121.5± 3.6, % change BW), reduced plasma total‐C (11%), non‐HDL‐C (25%) and LDL particle number (46%) and increased HDL particle number (22%) compared with the HF group. Hepatic cholesterol concentration did not differ between the HF and HF‐LA groups. LA supplementation reduced the mRNA expression of HMG‐CoAr (0.7 fold of HF) and enhanced the protein abundance of LDLr (2 fold of HF) and nuclear SREBP2 (3 fold of HF). LA supplementation was also associated with a reduction in hepatic PCSK9 mRNA (0.5 fold of HF) and serum PCSK9 concentration (70%), a primary regulator of LDLr turnover. Study results suggest that LA supplementation protects against hypercholesterolemia through a mechanism that involves modulation of PCSK9 activity and hepatic LDL‐C clearance.Grant Funding Source: Supported by a grant from the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Antioxidant activity of Phellinus igniarius extracts (830.32)
Authors: Liu Fan , Liao Sentai , Zou Yuxiao , Xiao Gengsheng 
Published: June 2021

Phellinus igniarius, widely distributed in eastern Asia, has long been used in folkloric and traditional medicine especially in China to increasing immunity and resistance to tumor. The aim of the present study was screening antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract and its fractions (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n‐butanol and water) of the fruit body of Phellinus igniarius. In this study, the in vitro antioxidant activities of these extracts were evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HSA) and DPPH radical scavenging activity assays. The total phenolics (TP) and flavanoids (TFA) were also measured. The results indicated that almost all extracts performed well in all assays of antioxidant capacity. In the HSA assay, extracts of Phellinus igniarius all displayed high antioxidant activity. In the DPPH radical scavenging assay and FRAP assay, the ethyl acetate and n‐butanol fraction displayed higher activity than petroleum ether and water fraction. Most antioxidant performance indicators (FRAP, HAS, DPPH) correlated well with the TP and TFA content of the extracts, reflecting a higher involvement of these compounds in antioxidant processes.On the other hand, the n‐butanol fraction contained average amounts of polyphenols but ranked first in the majority of the tests, indicating the occurrence of particularly efficient compounds with very important antioxidant properties.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Foundation of President of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (No. 201006)