bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Otago exercise programme for physical function and mental health among older adults with cognitive frailty during COVID‐19: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhao Liping , Liu Youshuo , Zhou Zhiming , Zhang Hua , Wei Dongli , Chen Jianliang , Li Yan , Ou Jinnan , Huang Jin , Yang Xiaomei , Ma Caili 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims and ObjectivesQuarantine during the COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in longer‐term sedentary behaviours and mental health problems. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of the Otago exercise programme (OEP) on physical function and mental health among elderly with cognitive frailty during COVID‐19.BackgroundLockdowns and restrictions during the COVID‐19 pandemic result in longer‐term sedentary behaviours related disease and mental problem. Older people with cognitive frailty are more vulnerable to be influenced. Timely intervention may achieve better outcomes, OEP exercise was designed as a balance and muscle‐strengthening programme for elderly people.DesignA parallel‐group, assessor‐blinded randomised controlled trial was performed according to CONSORT guidelines.MethodsThis study was conducted from July 2020 to October 2020 among 62 elderly people with cognitive frailty from a nursing home. Participants were randomly divided into an OEP group (n = 31) or a control group (n = 31). Both groups received sleep‐ and diet‐related health education. The OEP group also received a 12‐week group exercise programme. The Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) were used to assess physical function. The Geriatric Depression Scale‐15 (GDS‐15) and the 12‐Item Short Form Health Survey Mental Component Summary (SF‐12 MCS) were used to assess mental health. Outcomes were measured at 6 and 12 weeks.ResultsPhysical function and mental health were similar in the two groups at baseline. At 12 weeks, the OEP group (difference in change from baseline: FTSST, −2.78; TUGT, −3.73; BBS, 2.17; GDS‐15, −0.72; SF‐12 MCS, 2.58; all p < .001) exhibited significantly greater improvements than the control group (difference in change from baseline: FTSST, 1.55; TUGT, 1.66; BBS, −0.10; GDS‐15, 1.07; SF‐12 MCS, −5.95; all p < .001).ConclusionOur findings showed the OEP group had better physical function and mental health outcomes than the control group. OEP can be used to improve the physical and mental function among elderly people with cognitive frailty during the COVID‐19 pandemic.Relevance to clinical practiceOtago exercise program intervention programmes should be implemented to improve physical function for cognitive frailty elderly to reduce the harm of longer‐term sedentary behaviours, and to ruduce depression symptom and improve mental health, particularly during COVID‐19 pandemic period.
Dual versus single long‐acting bronchodilator use could raise acute coronary syndrome risk by over 50%: A population‐based nested case–control study
Authors: Parkin Lianne , Williams Sheila , Sharples Katrina , Barson David , Horsburgh Simon , Jackson Rod , Wu Billy , Dummer Jack 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronary heart disease occurs more frequently among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) compared to those without COPD. While some research suggests that long‐acting bronchodilators might confer an additional risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), information from real‐world clinical practice about the cardiovascular impact of using two versus one long‐acting bronchodilator for COPD is limited. We undertook a population‐based nested case–control study to estimate the risk of ACS in users of both a long‐acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) and a long‐acting beta2‐agonist (LABA) relative to users of a LAMA.MethodsThe study was based on the primary care PREDICT Cardiovascular Disease Cohort and linked data from regional laboratories and the New Zealand Ministry of Health's national data collections. The underlying cohort (n= 29,993) comprised patients aged 45–84 years, who initiated treatment with a LAMA and/or LABA for COPD between 1 February 2006 and 11 October 2016. 1490 ACS cases were matched to 13,550 controls by date of birth, sex, date of cohort entry (first long‐acting bronchodilator dispensing), and COPD severity.ResultsRelative to current use of LAMA therapy, current use of LAMA and LABA dual therapy was associated with a significantly higher risk of ACS (adjusted OR = 1.72; [95% CI: 1.28–2.31]).ConclusionDual long‐acting bronchodilator therapy, rather than LAMA mono‐therapy, could increase the risk of ACS by more than 50%. This has important implications for decisions about the potential benefit/harm ratio of COPD treatment intensification, given the modest benefits of dual therapy.
Comparative risk aversion in two periods: An application to self‐insurance and self‐protection
Authors: Huber Tobias 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRisk management decisions provide a means to elicit individuals' risk preferences empirically. In such a context, the literature often presumes that the decision to invest in risk management and the benefit of this investment occur contemporaneously. There is, however, no consensus in the theoretical literature that one‐period results can be transferred to intertemporal settings. To address this gap, we study the effect of an increase in risk aversion on the demand for risk management in a two‐period context. Our findings reproduce the one‐period results and, thus, support the focus of previous empirical literature on the structure of the risk rather than on the timing of investments and benefits. We also contrast our results with those obtained by employing widely used but limited preferences to examine risk aversion in intertemporal settings (standard additive expected utility setting, Selden, Epstein and Zin).
Wheat susceptibility to blast is enhanced by a photosynthetic inhibitor
Authors: Oliveira Tássia Boeno , Aucique‐Pérez Carlos Eduardo , Einhardt Andersom Milech , Rodrigues Fabrício Ávila 
Published: July 2021

AbstractConsidering blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, as a critical threat to wheat yield and the importance of photosynthesis as the source of energy used by plants to activate their mechanisms of defence to counteract pathogen infections, this study aimed to investigate whether wheat plants compromised in their photosynthetic process by using an inhibitor of photosynthesis could become more susceptible to blast. Plants from cultivars BRS 220 (moderately resistant) and BRS Guamirim (susceptible) were non‐sprayed (‐DCMU plants) or sprayed (+DCMU plants) with a solution (10 μM) of 3‐([3,4‐dichlorophenyl]‐1,1‐dimethylurea) (DCMU) at 24 hr before inoculation with P. oryzae. Blast progressed much faster on the leaves of +DCMU plants from cultivars BRS 220 and BRS Guamirim in comparison with ‐DCMU plants of these cultivars. Increased susceptibility of plants from the two cultivars to blast caused by DCMU was associated with its negative effect on the photosynthetic apparatus, decreasing phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase activity and reducing the concentration of total soluble phenolics. Chitinase activity for the infected plants from the two cultivars was lower compared with non‐inoculated ‐DCMU plants but was greater for inoculated +DCMU plants. Distinctly, β‐1,3‐glucanases activity was kept stable for inoculated +DCMU plants. In conclusion, manipulation of the photosynthetic process of wheat plants by using DCMU allowed to understand their response to P. oryzae infection at the physiological level and reinforced the concept that photosynthesis was important for wheat resistance to blast.
The impact of the end of COVID confinement on pandemic dreams, as assessed by a weekly sleep diary: a longitudinal investigation in Italy
Authors: Scarpelli Serena , Gorgoni Maurizio , Alfonsi Valentina , Annarumma Ludovica , Di Natale Valentina , Pezza Emilio , De Gennaro Luigi 
Published: July 2021

SummaryThe Coronavirus 2019 pandemic strongly affected our sleep and dream activity. Many cross‐sectional studies highlighted increased dream recall frequency, and revealed a great presence of pandemic‐related oneiric contents. Here, we present the first prospective study carried out on an Italian sample. One‐hundred subjects were requested to fill out a web‐survey including socio‐demographic information, and questionnaires collecting sleep and clinical measures during lockdown. A final sample of 90 subjects participated in the longitudinal protocol lasting 2 weeks: (a) the first week (April 28–May 4) of full lockdown; and (b) the second week (May 5–May 11) of easing of restrictions. Subjects were asked to record at home their dream experiences, and complete a sleep‐dream diary each morning. Statistical comparisons showed that participants had higher numbers of awakenings, lower ease of falling asleep, higher dream recall and lucid dream frequency during lockdown than post‐lockdown. Further, subjects reported more dreams, including “being in crowded places” during post‐lockdown than lockdown. The poorer sleep quality during lockdown is quite consistent with previous findings. The relationship between traumatic events and dream recall frequency confirmed the idea of pandemic as “collective trauma”. Also, we hypothesized that the greater presence of lucid dreams during confinement could reflect the attempt to cope with the waking pandemic‐experiences. Finally, the presence of crowded places into dream scenarios during the second week of our protocol appears consistent with the continuity‐hypothesis, as the possibility to access places frequented by other people could represent a relevant experience after a long period of confinement.
Subjective sleep score is associated with central and peripheral blood pressure values in children aged 7–12 years
Authors: Berube Felicia R. , Hoopes Elissa K. , D’Agata Michele N. , Patterson Freda , Ives Stephen J. , Farquhar William B. , Witman Melissa A. 
Published: July 2021

SummaryShortened and poor‐quality sleep have emerged as non‐traditional risk factors for the development of hypertension in adults, and it is likely these relations extend to paediatric populations when evaluating sleep subjectively. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate subjective sleep metrics and their associations with central and peripheral blood pressure (BP) values in children. We hypothesized that poor‐quality sleep and short sleep duration would be associated with elevated pressures in healthy children. Subjective sleep habits and sleep duration were evaluated using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) in 29 children aged 7–12 years (13 male/16 female). A total sleep score was generated by summing subscale scores: a higher score indicates poorer sleep habits. Peripheral BP was measured, and central pressures were estimated using pulse wave analysis. Pearson's r correlations were used to assess relations between total sleep score, sleep duration, and sleep score subscales with BP values. Sleep score was positively associated with central and peripheral systolic pressure (r = 0.43, p = 0.02 and r = 0.41, p = 0.03, respectively), diastolic pressure (r = 0.42, p = 0.02 and r = 0.36, p = 0.05, respectively) and mean arterial pressure (r = 0.40, p = 0.03 and r = 0.36, p = 0.03, respectively). Sleep duration was negatively associated with central and peripheral diastolic pressure (r = −0.40, p = 0.03 and r = −0.41, p = 0.03, respectively). Regarding the CSHQ subscales, daytime sleepiness and parasomnias were consistently positively associated with BP values. These findings support sleep as a primordial prevention target for hypertension and the maintenance of cardiovascular health during childhood. Consideration of a variety of sleep habits using tools such as the CSHQ may provide important insights into early‐life cardiovascular risk.
The finance wage premium: Finnish evidence from a gender perspective
Authors: Vaahtoniemi Saara 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe growth in finance wages has contributed to the increase in top incomes over the last decades. The finance wage premium has been studied from various viewpoints in recent years, however, not from the gender perspective. Studies have shown that the gender wage gap tends to increase at top incomes. As finance wages are increasing and if the benefits of working in finance are mostly claimed by men, the overall gender wage gap will persist. Using Finnish registry data from 1990 to 2014, this paper shows that the finance wage premium differs considerably between men and women. Overall, the finance premium has increased over time. The premium of men is larger than that of women at all hierarchy levels. Women at manager and expert positions in finance get a premium, but not at clerical level. Men on the other hand receive a premium at all hierarchy levels. The negative female effect is larger at higher points of the wage distribution, indicative of a glass ceiling effect. For men, the premium has increased especially at the top of the wage distribution.
Population structure associated with bioregion and seasonal prey distribution for Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in South Africa
Authors: Vargas‐Fonseca O. Alejandra , Yates Paige , Kirkman Stephan P. , Pistorius Pierre A. , Moore Daniel M. , Natoli Ada , Cockcroft Victor , Hoelzel A. Rus 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany marine species exhibit fine‐scale population structure despite high mobility and a lack of physical barriers to dispersal, but the evolutionary drivers of differentiation in these systems are generally poorly understood. Here we investigate the potential role of habitat transitions and seasonal prey distributions on the evolution of population structure in the Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops aduncus, off South Africa's coast, using double‐digest restriction‐site associated DNA sequencing. Population structure was identified between the eastern and southern coasts and correlated with the habitat transition between the temperate Agulhas (southern) and subtropical Natal (eastern) Bioregions, suggesting differentiation driven by resource specializations. Differentiation along the Natal coast was comparatively weak, but was evident in some analyses and varied depending on whether the samples were collected during or outside the seasonal sardine (Sardinops sagax) run. This local abundance of prey could influence the ranging patterns and apparent genetic structure of T. aduncus. These findings have significant and transferable management implications, most importantly in terms of differentiating populations inhabiting distinct bioregions and seasonal structural patterns within a region associated with the movement of prey resources.
Automatic generation of fine‐grained traffic load spectrum via fusion of weigh‐in‐motion and vehicle spatial–temporal information
Authors: Yang Gan , Wang Ping , Han Wanshui , Chen Shizhi , Zhang Shuying , Yuan Yangguang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObtaining accurate traffic loads is crucial for the assessment of bridges. The traffic load obtained by the current method is insufficient for the refined analysis of bridge structures. Herein, a fusion method is proposed to generate fine‐grained traffic load spectra using weigh‐in‐motion data, video‐based vehicle spatial–temporal information, and knowledge‐based information of historical passing vehicles. Its effectiveness is tested on an interchange viaduct in Shaanxi, China. The average biases of the longitudinal and transverse locations of driving vehicles, which were identified using the proposed method, are 1.31 and 0.14 m, respectively. The identification accuracy in these two directions improved by 19% and 56%, respectively, compared with that of a pure deep learning‐based video identification method. Meanwhile, the accuracy of identifying the axle number is 99.87%. Additionally, a fine‐grained traffic load spectrum automatically generated with high accuracy is demonstrated. This method can be extended to other scenarios to further analyze and predict vehicle‐related bridge performance.
A novel Actinidia cytorhabdovirus characterized using genomic and viral protein interaction features
Authors: Wang Yanxiang , Wang Guoping , Bai Jianyu , Zhang Yongle , Wang Ying , Wen Shaohua , Li Liu , Yang Zuokun , Hong Ni 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA novel cytorhabdovirus, tentatively named Actinidia virus D (AcVD), was identified from kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) in China using high‐throughput sequencing technology. The genome of AcVD consists of 13,589 nucleotides and is organized into seven open reading frames (ORFs) in its antisense strand, coding for proteins in the order N‐P‐P3‐M‐G‐P6‐L. The ORFs were flanked by a 3′ leader sequence and a 5′ trailer sequence and are separated by conserved intergenic junctions. The genome sequence of AcVD was 44.6%–51.5% identical to those of reported cytorhabdoviruses. The proteins encoded by AcVD shared the highest sequence identities, ranging from 27.3% (P6) to 44.5% (L), with the respective proteins encoded by reported cytorhabdoviruses. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AcVD clustered together with the cytorhabdovirus Wuhan insect virus 4. The subcellular locations of the viral proteins N, P, P3, M, G, and P6 in epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves were determined. The M protein of AcVD uniquely formed filament structures and was associated with microtubules. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays showed that three proteins, N, P, and M, self‐interact, protein N plays a role in the formation of cytoplasm viroplasm, and protein M recruits N, P, P3, and G to microtubules. In addition, numerous paired proteins interact in the nucleus. This study presents the first evidence of a cytorhabdovirus infecting kiwifruit plants and full location and interaction maps to gain insight into viral protein functions.
Cardiorespiratory fitness assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing between different stages of pre‐dialysis chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alexandrou Maria‐Eleni , P. Theodorakopoulou Marieta , Boutou Afroditi , Pella Eva , Boulmpou Aristi , Papadopoulos Christodoulos E. , Zafeiridis Andreas , Papagianni Aikaterini , Sarafidis Pantelis 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTAimThe burden of several cardiovascular risk factors increases in parallel to renal function decline. Exercise intolerance is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and has been associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes. Whether indices of cardiorespiratory capacity deteriorate with advancing CKD stages is unknown.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies assessing cardiorespiratory capacity in adult patients with pre‐dialysis CKD using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and reporting data for different stages. Our primary outcome was differences in peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) between patients with CKD Stages 2–3a and those with Stages 3b–5(pre‐dialysis). Literature search was undertaken in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, and abstract books of relevant meetings. Quality assessment was undertaken with Newcastle‐Ottawa‐Scale.ResultsFrom 4944 records initially retrieved, six studies with 512 participants fulfilling our inclusion criteria were included in the primary meta‐analysis. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) was significantly higher in patients with CKD Stages 2–3a versus those with Stages 3b–5(pre‐dialysis) [weighted‐mean‐difference, WMD: 2.46, 95% CI (1.15, 3.78)]. Oxygen consumption at ventilatory threshold (VO2VT) was higher in Stages 2–3a compared with those in Stages 3b–5(pre‐dialysis) [standardized‐mean‐difference, SMD: 0.59, 95% CI (0.06, 1.1)], while no differences were observed for maximum workload and respiratory‐exchange‐ratio. A secondary analysis comparing patients with CKD Stages 2–3b and Stages 4–5(pre‐dialysis), yielded similar results [WMD: 1.78, 95% CI (1.34, 2.22)]. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings.ConclusionVO2peak and VO2VT assessed with CPET are significantly lower in patients in CKD Stages 3b–5 compared with Stages 2–3a. Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness may be another factor contributing to cardiovascular risk increase with advancing CKD.
Association between conscientiousness and peritoneal dialysis‐related peritonitis
Authors: Komatsu Shintaro , Hara Takashi , Hiratsuka Maki , Yamada Yosuke 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimPeritonitis is a critical complication in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Patient characteristics, especially conscientiousness, potentially influence self‐care activity. This study aimed to examine the relationship between the peritonitis risk and the patient conscientiousness.MethodsThis retrospective observational study was conducted at three Japanese medical centres in 2018. Adult patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis were evaluated for conscientiousness with the Japanese version of the Ten‐Item Personality Inventory. We followed the patients from peritoneal dialysis induction retrospectively on chart review. The primary outcome was time to first episode of peritonitis after initiation of peritoneal dialysis in the entire observation period. Hazard ratios were estimated using a Cox model adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsAmong 111 patients enrolled, 32 experienced peritonitis. The patients were divided into the more conscientious group (n = 64) and less conscientious group (n = 47) based on a mean conscientiousness score of 3.991. Additionally, less conscientious patients tended to be at higher risk for peritonitis during the entire study period (hazard ratio adjusted for age and sex, 1.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.98–4.03; p = .057). The increased risk in the less conscientious group was statistically significant in the first year (adjusted hazard ratio, 6.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.42–34.40; p = .017).ConclusionLess conscientious patients significantly have shorter peritonitis‐free survival in the early phase after peritoneal dialysis induction although not significantly during the entire study period. Personality trait assessment using the Ten‐Item Personality Inventory could be helpful in educating and following up patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.
Theater‐fiction and hallucinatory realism in Mo Yan’sThe Sandalwood Death
Authors: He Chengzhou 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAs a literary sub‐genre, theater‐fiction implies juxtapositions, collisions, and interactions between theater and novel, which renders it necessary to have literary studies intersected by the theories and concepts of theater and performance studies. Based on a reinterpretation of “theater‐fiction” in light of recent developments in intermedial studies, some questions will be discussed concerning the relations between theater and novel in Mo Yan’sThe Sandalwood Death: What is unique about the theater‐fiction intersection in it? How does this bring about innovations in narrative? How does the hybrid form of theater‐fiction contribute to the so‐called “hallucinatory realism” in this novel, which is also characteristic of Mo Yan’s writings in general? Then, it argues that Mo Yan’s fiction can become an important means of political intervention as it plays a significant role in transforming its readers.
Reversible complete heart block in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Bhasin Varun , Carrillo MaryKate , Ghosh Bobby , Moin Danyaal , Maglione Theodore J. , Kassotis John 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPatients infected with novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) can present with a variety of arrhythmias. We report an unusual case of reversible complete heart block (CHB) in the setting of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19). A 23‐year‐old male with a history of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma presented with dizziness and syncope. He was found to be in CHB associated with hypotension requiring a transvenous pacemaker. Methylprednisolone and remdesivir were started with rapid resolution of the CHB. Further study is needed to determine the mechanism of CHB in COVID‐19. This case underscores the importance of including COVID‐19 in one’s differential diagnosis for acute CHB.