bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent progress of semiconductor optoelectronic fibers
Authors: Tsui Hei Chit Leo , Healy Noel 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSemiconductor optoelectronic fiber technology has seen rapid development in recent years thanks to advancements in fabrication and post-processing techniques. Integrating the optical and electronic functionality of semiconductor materials into a fiber geometry has opened up many possibilities, such as in-fiber frequency generation, signal modulation, photodetection, and solar energy harvesting. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in semiconductor optoelectronic fibers, including fabrication and post-processing methods, materials and their optical properties. The applications in nonlinear optics, optical-electrical conversion, lasers and multimaterial functional fibers will also be highlighted.
Looking back to the future—micro- and nanoplankton diversity in the Greenland Sea
Authors: Olofsson Malin , Wulff Angela 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnthropogenic perturbations and climate change are severely threatening habitats of the global ocean, especially in the Arctic region, which is affected faster than any other ecosystem. Despite its importance and prevailing threats, knowledge on changes in its micro- and nanoplanktonic diversity is still highly limited. Here, we look back almost two decades (May 1–26, 2002) in order to expand the limited but necessary baseline for comparative field observations. Using light microscopy, a total of 196 species (taxa) were observed in 46 stations across 9 transects in the Greenland Sea. Although the number of observed species per sample ranged from 12 to 68, the diversity as effective species numbers (based on Shannon index) varied from 1.0 to 8.8, leaving about 88% as rare species, which is an important factor for the resilience of an ecosystem. Interestingly, the station with the overall highest species number had among the lowest effective species numbers. During the field survey, both number of rare species and species diversity increased with decreasing latitude. In the southern part of the examined region, we observed indications of an under-ice bloom with a chlorophyllavalue of 9.9 μg l−1together with a nitrate concentration < 0.1 μM. Further, we recorded non-native species including the Pacific diatomNeodenticula seminaeand the fish-kill associated diatomLeptocylindrus minimus. Our comprehensive dataset of micro- and nanoplanktonic diversity can be used for comparisons with more recent observations and continuous monitoring of this vulnerable environment—to learn from the past when looking towards the future.
Bioprospecting wild South African microalgae as a potential third-generation biofuel feedstock, biological carbon-capture agent and for nutraceutical applications
Authors: Ahiahonu Elvis Kodzo , Anku William Wilson , Roopnarain Ashira , Green Ezekiel , Govender Penny Poomani , Serepa-Dlamini Mahloro Hope 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMicroalgae are among the few biological resources studied that are found to possess vast biotechnological potential. This study isolated, identified and investigated two wild green microalgal species with substantial potential as a bioresource and climate change mitigation importance. Two isolates, Chlorella sorokiniana and Tetradesmus reginae were cultivated in selected artificial media under laboratory conditions. The isolates were analysed for nutrient consumption, biomass productivity, CO2 biosequestration rate, elemental composition and fatty acid methyl profiles/composition. The outcome showed maximum daily biomass productivity of 0.128 ± 0.003 and 0.2 ± 0.004 g L−1 for C. sorokiniana and T. reginae, respectively. CO2 biosequestration rate of T. reginae was the highest among the isolates, indicating that it can act as a biological climate change mitigation agent. Moreover, T. reginae recorded a significantly higher (p < 0.05) total lipid and carbohydrate content than C. sorokiniana. The C/N ratio for T. reginae was significantly higher than the C/N ratio for C. sorokiniana. Tetradesmus reginae also demonstrated the ability to produce a considerable quantity of omega-3 oils; hence, the species is of nutraceutical importance. Furthermore, T. reginae demonstrated maximal carbohydrate content and is therefore considered a potential feedstock for bioethanol production. Chlorella sorokiniana, on the other hand, showed a remarkable (p < 0.05) protein content making it a potential source for human food and animal feed supplement. Finally, the two isolates met both European and American quality biodiesel standards with exceptional cetane (CN) and iodine numbers (IV).
Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Detection in the Prehospital Environment
Authors: Patrick Lauren , Smith Wade , Keenan Kevin J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke secondary to large vessel occlusion (LVO) is time-dependent. Prehospital patients with suspected LVO stroke should be triaged directly to specialized stroke centers for endovascular therapy. This review describes advances in LVO detection among prehospital suspected stroke patients.

Recent Findings
Clinical prehospital stroke severity tools have been validated in the prehospital setting. Devices including EEG, SSEPs, TCD, cranial accelerometry, and volumetric impedance phase-shift-spectroscopy have recently published data regarding LVO detection in hospital settings. Mobile stroke units bring thrombolysis and vessel imaging to patients.

Summary
The use of a prehospital stroke severity tool for LVO triage is now widely supported. Ease of use should be prioritized as there are no meaningful differences in diagnostic performance amongst tools. LVO diagnostic devices are promising, but none have been validated in the prehospital setting. Mobile stroke units improve patient outcomes and cost-effectiveness analyses are underway.
Editorial, special issue on “Advances in Robust Statistics”
Authors: Riani Marco , Hubert Mia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStarting with 2020 volume, the journal Metron has decided to celebrate the centenary since its foundation with three special issues. This volume is dedicated to robust statistics. A striking feature of most applied statistical analyses is the use of methods that are well known to be sensitive to outliers or to other departures from the postulated model. Robust statistical methods provide useful tools for reducing this sensitivity, through the detection of the outliers by first fitting the majority of the data and then by flagging deviant data points. The six papers in this issue cover a wide orientation in all fields of robustness. This editorial first provides some facts about the history and current state of robust statistics and then summarizes the contents of each paper.
$$\pi _1$$ of Miranda moduli spaces of elliptic surfaces
Authors: Lönne Michael 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe give finite presentations for the fundamental group of moduli spaces due to Miranda of smooth Weierstrass curves over $${\mathbf {P}}^1$$

P

1

which extend the classical result for elliptic curves to the relative situation over the projective line. We thus get natural generalisations of $$SL_2{{\mathbb {Z}}}$$

S

L
2

Z

presented in terms of $$\Bigg (\begin{array}{ll} 1&{}1\\ 0&{}1\end{array} \Bigg )$$

(

1

1

0

1

)

, $$\Bigg (\begin{array}{ll} 1&{}0\\ {-1}&{}1\end{array} \Bigg )$$

(

1

0

-
1

1

)

on one hand and the first examples of fundamental groups of moduli stacks of elliptic surfaces on the other.Our approach exploits the natural $${\mathbb {Z}}_2$$

Z
2

-action on Weierstrass curves and the identification of $${\mathbb {Z}}_2$$

Z
2

-fixed loci with smooth hypersurfaces in an appropriate linear system on a projective line bundle over $${{\mathbf {P}}}^1$$

P

1

. The fundamental group of the corresponding discriminant complement can be presented in terms of finitely many generators and relations using methods in the Zariski tradition.
On transfer homomorphisms of Krull monoids
Authors: Geroldinger Alfred , Kainrath Florian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEvery Krull monoid has a transfer homomorphism onto a monoid of zero-sum sequences over a subset of its class group. This transfer homomorphism is a crucial tool for studying the arithmetic of Krull monoids. In the present paper, we strengthen and refine this tool for Krull monoids with finitely generated class group.
Essay mills and other contract cheating services: to buy or not to buy and the consequences of students changing their minds
Authors: Draper Michael , Lancaster Thomas , Dann Sandie , Crockett Robin , Glendinning Irene 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVery few parts of the world have legislation that prohibits the operation or the promotion of contract cheating services. This means that commercial companies providing such services can formally register and operate in most countries. If a student enters into an agreement with a contract cheating provider, what rights do they have to change their mind and what are the risks if they choose to do so? This paper examines the question through legal, institutional and societal lenses, showing that although a student has the consumer rights to withdraw from a contract with an essay mill, they may also be putting their future at risk by doing so. Contract cheating providers are now embedded within many institutions, using sharp practices to connect with vulnerable customers, but are also perfectly placed to blackmail students or threaten to report them to their institution if they ask to cancel their order. The paper argues that, while not condoning the practice of contract cheating, supportive processes need to be in place to help students at risk as part of standard institutional duty of care. This must be backed up by institutional policy that considers academic integrity as a core value for all.
Detailed Modeling of Cork-Phenolic Ablators in Preparation for the Post-flight Analysis of the QARMAN Re-entry CubeSat
Authors: Miccoli Claudio , Turchi Alessandro , Schrooyen Pierre , D’Ambrosio Domenic , Magin Thierry 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis work deals with the analysis of the cork P50, an ablative thermal protection material (TPM) used for the heat shield of the qarman Re-entry CubeSat. Developed for the European Space Agency (ESA) at the von Karman Institute (VKI) for Fluid Dynamics, qarman is a scientific demonstrator for Aerothermodynamic Research. The ability to model and predict the atypical behavior of the new cork-based materials is considered a critical research topic. Therefore, this work is motivated by the need to develop a numerical model able to respond to this demand, in preparation to the post-flight analysis of qarman. This study is focused on the main thermal response phenomena of the cork P50: pyrolysis and swelling. Pyrolysis was analyzed by means of the multi-physics Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code argo, developed at Cenaero. Based on a unified flow-material solver, the Volume Averaged Navier–Stokes (VANS) equations were numerically solved to describe the interaction between a multi-species high enthalpy flow and a reactive porous medium, by means of a high-order Discontinuous Galerkin Method (DGM). Specifically, an accurate method to compute the pyrolysis production rate was implemented. The modeling of swelling was the most ambitious task, requiring the development of a physical model accounting for this phenomenon, for the purpose of a future implementation within argo. A 1D model was proposed, mainly based on an a priori assumption on the swelling velocity and the resolution of a nonlinear advection equation, by means of a Finite Difference Method (FDM). Once developed, the model was successfully tested through a matlab code, showing that the approach is promising and thus opening the way to further developments.
Antidepressant-like effect of dehydrozingerone from Zingiber officinale by elevating monoamines in brain: in silico and in vivo studies
Authors: Moorkoth Sudheer , Prathyusha N. Sai , Manandhar Suman , Xue Yuanxin , Sankhe Runali , Pai K. S. R. , Kumar Nitesh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Dehydrozingerone (DHZ) is an active ingredient of Zingiber officinale and structural half analogue of curcumin. In the present study, DHZ was evaluated for monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity in silico and antidepressant activity in vivo.

Method
The binding affinity of DHZ with MAO-A (PDB ID: 2Z5Y) was assessed using Schrodinger's Maestro followed by free energy calculation, pharmacokinetic property prediction using Qikprop and Molecular dynamics simulation using Desmond. In vivo antidepressant activity of DHZ was evaluated on C57 BL/6 male mice using Escilatopram as the standard antidepressant. Open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) were used to evaluate the antidepressant effect of the drugs on days 1 and 7. Following the behavioural study, neurotransmitters (noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin) were estimated using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.

Results
DHZ demonstrated a greater binding affinity for the MAO-A enzyme compared to moclobemide in silico. Immobility in TST and FST were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in vivo with 100mg/kg DHZ as compared to respective controls. DHZ treatment was more effective 1 h post treatment compared to vehicle control. A significant increase in levels of neurotransmitters was observed in mice brain homogenate in response to DHZ treatment, reassuring its antidepressant-like potential.

Conclusion
DHZ demonstrated MAO-A inhibition in silico, and the increased neurotransmitter levels in the brain in vivo were associated with an antidepressant-like effect.
Naming the Baga: Problems in the Identity of a Guinean Cultural Amalgamation
Authors: Lamp Frederick John 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlong the coast of the Republic of Guinea, the term “Baga” has been used to cover a large amalgamation of cultural groups, always previously misinterpreted. There are five dialect groups called Baga within the Temne language group. The question raised here concerns the etymology of the name Baga, as it has evolved in juxtaposition to the name Temne in Sierra Leone. It is an attempt to parse the intricate use of language to describe the historical and hierarchical relationship between these two segments of the same group.
Breakfast patterns and weight status among adolescents: a study on the Brazilian National Dietary Survey 2008–2009
Authors: Hassan Bruna Kulik , Cunha Diana Barbosa , Santos Roberta de Oliveira , Baltar Valéria Troncoso 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExamining the composition of breakfast concerning weight status is essential for evaluating adolescent health and understanding this gap. This study aimed to identify breakfast patterns and investigate the relationship with weight status among Brazilian adolescents. We used a subsample of 7425 adolescents aged 10–19 years from the 2008–2009 Brazilian Household Budget Survey. Breakfast eaters were those with intake of at least 50 kcal (209·2 kJ) between 05.00 and 10.00 hours. Breakfast dietary patterns were derived by principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation. We performed logistic regression analyses between breakfast patterns and weight status, considering the complexity of the survey sample design. Three breakfast patterns were identified explaining 44·8 % of data variability: (1) the Cereal, protein, fruit beverages and Northern/Northeastern pattern, characterised by high consumption of cookies, meats, dairy products, preparations with maize, eggs, fruit juices/fruit drinks/soya-based drinks, tubers/roots/potatoes and cereals, and negative adherence to cold cut meat and savoury snacks/crackers; (2) the Protein-based pattern, characterised by positive loadings for cold cut meat, milk and cheese, and negative for cookies, fruit juices/fruit drinks/soya-based drinks, tubers/roots/potatoes and cereals; and (3) the Mixed pattern, with positive loadings for cakes, coffee/tea, bread, fruit juices/fruit drinks/soya-based drinks, chocolate/desserts and savoury snacks/crackers. No association was found between skipping and weight status. Overweight adolescents had lower adherence to the Cereal, protein, fruit beverages and Northern/Northeastern pattern (OR = 0·67; 95 % CI 0·47, 0·96). This is the first study to address dietary patterns at the meal level with adolescent population-based data, which requires further investigation.
FROM BEST INTERESTS TO BETTER INTERESTS? VALUES, UNWISDOM AND OBJECTIVITY IN MENTAL CAPACITY LAW
Authors: Coggon John , Kong Camillia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Mental Capacity Act 2005 governs personal decision-making for adults. It incorporates five overarching principles, including that incapacity may not be inferred merely from a person's unwise decisions and that where a person lacks capacity decisions must be made in her best interests. Through analysis of judicial treatment of unwisdom, best interests, subjectivity and objectivity, considered against parliamentary debates on the Mental Capacity Bill and philosophical critique of ideas of (un)wisdom, we argue that these principles are problematically irreconcilable. The Act's radical under-specificity means, paradoxically, that this comes to be resolved through abstracted values, rather than the centricity of the person herself.
Does Voluntary Voting Enhance Partisan Bias? Evidence from Chile
Authors: Argote Pablo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough partisan bias – when an authority transfers discretionary public resources to a politically aligned receiver − has been extensively studied, less is known about how this practice is affected by the voting regime − compulsory or voluntary voting. In this article, I study partisan bias in Chile, using administrative data of transfers from the central authority to local governments, highlighting two relevant scope conditions: the electoral cycle, and electoral uncertainty caused by the adoption of voluntary voting. I found strong evidence of partisan bias, especially in election years and in electorally riskier municipalities. This suggests that the uncertainty introduced by this electoral reform induced politicians to allocate a large share of resources to risky municipalities, because such resources would play a more significant role in the electoral outcome. Overall, these results imply that voluntary voting has a large impact on the way that resources are allocated across subnational units.
Subsidized Household Services and Informal Employment: The Belgian Service Voucher Policy
Authors: ADRIAENSSENS STEF , THEYS TOBIAS , VERHAEST DIETER , DESCHACHT NICK 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLabour markets for personal and household services (PHS) are rife with informal employment. Some policies aim to combat informality in PHS with subsidized service vouchers, but their effects are poorly documented. This contribution evaluates the Belgian service vouchers (1) documenting their formalization effectiveness, and (2) accounting for the persistence of informal employment. To this end, we exploit several types of data and methods.A first analysis, based on Eurobarometer data, brings in evidence that informal PHS purchased were approximately halved under the policy introduced in 2001. Second, a discrete choice experiment shows that households prefer formal employment, including those that currently employ informally. Third, a survey in the Brussels metropolitan area shows that the persistence of informal employment lies in the relationship of informal employers with their domestic, from whom they are not willing to part. They nevertheless intend to switch to formal employment in the case of turnover. One thus expects partially delayed effects of formalization policies in general, and of the service voucher system in particular. Overall, these results are in line with Portes’ claim that informality is facilitated by strong social relationships, and by differences in price and transaction costs.
Carbohydrates deteriorate fatty liver by activating the inflammatory response
Authors: Gao Yuqi , Hua Rui , Hu Kaiqiang , Wang Zhao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was defined in 1980 and has the same histological characteristics as alcoholic liver disease except for alcohol consumption. After 40 years, the understanding of this disease is still imperfect. Without specific drugs available for treatment, the number of patients with NAFLD is increasing rapidly, and NAFLD currently affects more than one-quarter of the global population. NAFLD is mostly caused by a sedentary lifestyle and excessive energy intake of fat and sugar. To ameliorate or avoid NAFLD, people commonly replace high-fat foods with high-carbohydrate foods (especially starchy carbohydrates) as a way to reduce caloric intake and reach satiety. However, there are few studies that concentrate on the effect of carbohydrate intake on liver metabolism in patients with NAFLD, much fewer than the studies on fat intake. Besides, most of these studies are not systematic, which has made identification of the mechanism difficult. In this review, we collected and analysed data from studies on human and animal models and, surprisingly, found that carbohydrates and liver steatosis could be linked by inflammation. This review not only describes the effects of carbohydrates on NAFLD and body lipid metabolism but also analyses and predicts possible molecular pathways of carbohydrates in liver lipid synthesis that involve inflammation. Furthermore, the limitations of recent research and possible targets for regulating inflammation and lipogenesis are discussed. This review describes the effects of starchy carbohydrates, a nutrient signal, on NAFLD from the perspective of inflammation.
Marketing of commercial foods for infant and young children in Uruguay: sugary products, health cues on packages and fun social products on Facebook
Authors: Karageuzián Gonzalo , Vidal Leticia , de León Carolina , Girona Alejandra , Ares Gastón 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjective:To analyse the content of the marketing of commercial foods for infants and young children on packages and social media.Design:Commercial foods targeted at children, regarded as potential breast-milk substitutes according to the Uruguayan breast-feeding standard, were considered: dairy products; teas, juices and bottled waters; glucose solutions; cereals and mixtures of fruits and vegetables. All the products sold at forty-four retail outlets were purchased. A Facebook search was performed to identify accounts of these products. For each account, all the content posted by the brands between July 2017 and July 2019 was recorded. The visual and textual information included in the packages and Facebook posts was analysed using content analysis. Products were classified using the nutrient profile model of the Pan American Health Organization.Setting:Montevideo, Uruguay.Results:Seventy-six unique commercial foods targeted at infants and young children were identified, 96 % of which were excessive in sugar. Packages frequently included textual and visual elements to convey health-related associations, including images of fruits and vegetables, nutrient content claims and endorsement logos. Ten Facebook accounts were identified, which generated 302 posts. Parents and caregivers were the main target audience of the posts, which mainly included content related to fun and social aspects of food consumption. Additionally, the posts frequently conveyed the idea that products would contribute to children’s growth and development.Conclusions:Results suggest the need to implement comprehensive regulations on the marketing of commercial foods targeted at children, regarded as potential breast-milk substitutes according to the Uruguayan breast-feeding standard.