bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deindustrialization, Distribution, and Development
Authors: Sumner Andy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This book builds upon previous work by the author on economic development, structural change, and income inequality. The core focus of the book is the emergent processes of stalled industrialization and the spectre of premature deindustrialization in developing countries. The term ‘rust belt’ has been rarely associated with developing countries to date. In fact, it is commonly associated with deindustrialization in advanced countries and the US in particular. However, such a belt is threatening the middle-income developing world, starting from Brazil and other countries in Latin America, running down across South Africa, and then upwards to Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines in South East Asia. This book discusses the causes and consequences of these emergent processes in developing countries.
Income Inequality between Countries
Authors: Sumner Andy 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter is concerned with the impact of deindustrialization on inequality between countries and the catch-up (or otherwise) of developing countries to date and in the years ahead. The chapter focuses on the third great transformation outlined, specifically the fragmentation of global production. This chapter discusses the debate on the impacts of changes in global production on middle-income developing countries and assesses the empirical evidence. The myth accompanying the third transformation—that if developing countries integrate more and more into GVC world, the process will drive and sustain economic development to the level of the advanced countries—is the subject of discussion in this chapter. Theory is developed to explain the connection between the emergence of a GVC world, deindustrialization, and weaker economic growth in the developing world.
Social Epistemology, Descriptive and Normative
Authors: Goldberg Sanford C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Social epistemology ought to incorporate both a descriptive element (understanding our actual knowledge practices) and a normative element (assessing and evaluating those practices). While the two dominant traditions of social epistemology research in the last three decades tend to privilege one of these elements over the other, this chapter aims to articulate and defend an approach that can accommodate both and avoid the distortions.
Where Have Women Made the Most Strides?
Authors: Escobar-Lemmon Maria C. , Hoekstra Valerie J. , Kang Alice J. , Kittilson Miki Caul 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Chapter 3 asks where and why have women made the most strides on high courts? What factors help courts move beyond having one “woman’s seat”? This chapter draws on the authors’ dataset on the percentage and number of women on high courts. The chapter describes regional, cross-national, and time-serial variation in the gender composition of courts and identifies the courts which have achieved gender parity. Analyses reveal that both international and regional influences play a significant role in explaining women’s representation after the appointment of the first woman, more so than accountable selectors or economic development. Specifically, the analysis suggests that courts located in regions of the world where women are commonly included on courts, as well as those with a longer commitment to international law, have more women. Additionally, larger courts are more likely to have more women justices. The chapter also underscores how progress toward parity on courts is not linear, identifying those courts which reverted to being all-men after having appointed the first woman.
International Influences on Women’s Representation on High Courts
Authors: Escobar-Lemmon Maria C. , Hoekstra Valerie J. , Kang Alice J. , Kittilson Miki Caul 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Chapter 6 examines the influence of international factors on the appointment of women to high courts in the case studies, focusing on the impact of international and regional norms, the ratification of the Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), and the advocacy of international and domestic nongovernmental women’s rights organizations. The emergence of regional norms of gender equity in governance, including in the judiciary, is traced for Africa, Europe, and Latin America. Drawing on United Nations and country-specific primary sources, the rise of CEDAW mandated reporting on gender diversity in the judiciary and on high courts is documented in four of the case study countries (Canada, Colombia, Ireland, South Africa). Including the United States, the five case studies highlight the role of domestic advocacy organizations that exert pressure on appointers to consider women candidates for judgeship on high courts.
Executive Control and the Writer(s)-Within-Community Model
Authors: Graham Steve 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Executive control represents an interaction between social context and the mental and physical actions of writers. This chapter addresses this interactive premise as it applies to executive control in writing by illustrating how this operates theoretically through the lens of the Writer(s)-within-Community model. This model proposes that the community in which writing takes place and the cognitive capabilities and resources of those who create it simultaneously and reciprocally influence writing. The multiple ways in which context and individual capabilities interact to shape and constrain the use of executive control in writing are examined.
Assessment of Executive Functions in Children
Authors: Clair-Thompson Helen St , Wen Yunhong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Executive functions (EFs) are a range of goal-directed cognitive abilities. According to one approach, suggested by according to one approach, there are three main EFs; inhibition, shifting, and updating of working memory. EFs are important, in part because of their ability to predict clinical, educational, and functional outcomes. However, EFs have been assessed using a range of cognitive tasks and behavioural rating measures. This chapter will provide an overview of a range of executive function assessments used to assess EFs in childhood, with a focus on inhibition, shifting, and updating of working memory. It will consider the measurement properties of these tools, including data relating to reliability and validity. The measures will then be considered in terms of their suitability for different purposes and in relation to their use with children of different ages and abilities.
Executive Functions and Writing Skills in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Hooper Stephen R. , Costa Lara , Fernandez Edmund , Barker Alexandra , Valdes Courtney , Catlett Stephanie , Green Melissa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this chapter we provide an overview of what is known and unknown about the relationships between executive functions (EF) and written expression in children and adolescents, with an emphasis on evidence-based developmental associations and dissociations between various EF and writing skills in children and adolescents. We provide an overview of several key models of EF that are applicable to written expression, highlighting critical aspects of these models with respect to their importance for writing skills. What is known and unknown about the relationships between selected EF and writing skills for children and adolescents also is described. Based on these evidence-based findings, important associations and disassociations are underscored—when either suspected or supported by the available empirical literature. Finally, the chapter concludes with targeted directions for future research into advancing our understanding of these relationships across the paediatric developmental spectrum.
Executive Functions in Skilled Writers
Authors: Olive Thierry 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Executive functions are likely to intervene during composition of a text by skilled writers, as suggested by the high cognitive complexity of writing and its significant cognitive effort. However, empirical data on executive functions in skilled writers is very scarce. To sketch their role in skilled writing, this chapter presents initial assertions about how these functions may intervene. For that purpose, models of working memory in writing are reviewed to examine how they consider the role of executive functions. Next, the relationship between these functions and the main writing processes is described. The chapter ends by addressing how executive functions may be involved for orchestrating the multiple writing processes. From this review, it emerges that almost all core executive functions can be presumed to intervene during composition of a text, and consequently that further research is strongly needed to better comprehend how they intervene in skilled writing.
Development, Modernity, Nation
Authors: Kumar Arun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
On the basis of its relationship and scale of modernity, the history of development can be organized, schematically, into three parts. While post-war international development and Washington Consensus’s global development was built around universal modern; participatory and local development was premised in the rejection or critique of Western modernity. Thirdly, post-colonial national development projects sought to synthesize elements of the above two while articulating distinct ambitions of its own. Each of these, the introductory chapter contends, is inadequate for the purposes of understanding postcolonial development in countries such as India. Pointing to the long-standing engagement between development and the national question, it suggests using a new category of the ‘national-modern’ to understand postcolonial development.
Community
Authors: Kumar Arun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
At the turn of the twentieth century, the elites began to move away from charity within their communities. Instead of investing in community welfare, they justified their move to civic, secular, modern forms of philanthropy in the name of national advancement. In the first half of the twentieth century, elites funded rural reconstruction programmes, inspired in large part by the Gandhian ‘constructive programme’. The programmes were shaped by critiques of colonial modernity and nationalist logics of Swadeshi and self-reliance. Post-colonialism, community gravitated towards modernization as elites promoted self-help over dependence on the state, while maintaining their earlier ties with the communities they came from. Elites’ shifting imaginaries of community reveals that their embrace of modernity has remained circumscribed by different social vectors.
Coda
Authors: Kumar Arun 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The brief coda discusses how elites have used philanthropy, strategically, in their pursuit of power. While prior historiography on philanthropy and colonial India has discussed elites’ use of philanthropy to build collaborative regimes of power with the colonial administration, the chapter extends the argument further. It argues that in addition to collaborating with colonial administration as well as nationalist interests, elites have also used philanthropy to protect their own class interests. In this pragmatic pursuit of power, philanthropy-funded development has provided the moral justification for further accumulation of capital. Elites’ pursuit of capital and power—dressed as development—was therefore somehow acceptable because it was carried out in the name of the larger national interest.
Sergei Eisenstein’s Collage
Authors: Siraganian Lisa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Soviet director Sergei Eisenstein’s films have become nearly synonymous with cinematic montage’s birth and development. Yet scholars have almost never aligned Eisenstein’s inventiveness with painterly collage, a deeply connected trend appearing in European art. This chapter considers why thinking about Eisenstein’s theory and practice of cinematic montage, in connection with the theory and practice of painterly collage, matters to the history of modernist meaning. For artists and filmmakers alike, cutting and pasting together disparate fragments of art’s elements (its units of sense) raised one of modernism’s most misunderstood yet obsessive concerns: understanding the basic relation between art objects and beholders as a problem of how artistic meaning could be communicated. Analyzing instances of montage in his early film Strike (1925) as a chief illustration, the chapter explores the semiology of collage in comparison with Eisenstein’s semiology of montage, inserting the filmmaker as both practitioner and theorist into a conversation with “decadent” western modernism.
“Suspense Is like a Woman”
Authors: Frost Laura 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Considering Hitchcock as a formally inventive modernist as much as a popular filmmaker, this essay argues that Hitchcock drew his principles of suspense and spectatorial pleasure—as well as the formal intricacy he promotes throughout his work—from the shifting landscape of sex and gender norms in the early to mid-twentieth century. Hitchcock’s craftsmanship was, from the beginning, intimately connected to his view of modern women, men, and sexuality. Focusing here on the first two of Hitchcock’s extant silents, The Pleasure Garden and The Lodger, this essay explores how his striking renderings of vision and cognition, stylized violence, and fraught desire are deeply rooted in interwar British culture and particularly the emergence of women exercising new forms of autonomy. These early films establish Hitchcock’s technical innovations and also constitute an archive of British cinematic and social history, imparting the intoxicating and tense texture of modernity and Hitchcock’s lifelong view of the pursuit of pleasure as an inherently risky business.
F. W. Murnau’s Sunrise
Authors: Marcus Laura 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In 1926, the German film director F. W. Murnau (born F. W. Plumpe) traveled to Hollywood to make his first American film, Sunrise (1927), for Fox. The modernism of Sunrise inheres in the contrasts it sets up between the country and the city, pastoralism and the modern urban, and this chapter explores it in part as a modernist city film. This aspect is linked to the film’s status as a late silent film: Sunrise reaches out toward the articulation of language and sound, intertwining these with the image of the modern city. Silence is placed on the side of the rural and the pictorial, sound on the side of the urban and dynamic. The two women in the film (representing country and city) occupy the poles of these oppositions in what may appear a simple allegory of good and evil, but the film in fact articulates a more complex and ambivalent attitude toward the old world and the new.
“You Must Speak”
Authors: Klein Scott W. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Charlie Chaplin, silent-era film star and director, did not make his first fully talking picture until The Great Dictator in 1940—years after sound became the technological norm. The film ends with a peroration by Chaplin against the emerging horrors of European fascism. “You Must Speak” interrogates this final monologue in a number of related contexts: as a speech act that runs counter to Chaplin’s career-long distrust of language; as a meditation on the relation between sound and image in the presentation of celebrities, particularly of political figures; and, in the context of the visual iconography of other political filmmakers such as Eisenstein, Dovzhenko, and Riefenstahl—and an early sound newsreel of George Bernard Shaw—a meditation on visual and sonic scale, and how the disassociation of voice from speaker in film can question the relative efficacy of sound and image in modernist portrayals of power.
Leibniz and the Transcendental Deduction
Authors: Laywine Alison 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the significance of Kant’s engagement with Leibniz for the Transcendental Deduction section of the Critique of Pure Reason. It is argued that the goal of the Transcendental Deduction is largely cosmological—to show that the pure concepts of the understanding relate a priori to objects if it succeeds in showing that human understanding uses these concepts to construct a world out of the appearances that are sensibly given to us in space and time. The notion of “world” that Kant employs in his cosmology has an ancestor, however, in certain views to be found in Leibniz’s philosophy—particularly in his well-known correspondence with Clarke.
Extending Infinitely Many Times Arithmetically Cohen–Macaulay and Gorenstein Subvarieties of Projective Spaces
Authors: Ballico E 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe give examples of infinitely extendable (not as cones) arithmetically Cohen–Macaulay and arithmetically Gorenstein subvarieties of projective spaces and which are not complete intersections. The proof uses the computation of the dimension of the Hilbert scheme of codimension 2 subschemes of projective spaces due to G. Ellingsrud and of arithmetically Gorenstein codimension 3 subschemes due to J. O. Kleppe and R.-M. Miró-Roig.
Beyond bean counting: Is the policy effective for the innovation efficiency of wind power industry in China?
Authors: Jiang Zihao , Shi Jiarong , Liu Zhiying , Gong Lei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The technological innovation of wind power is crucial to energy security and energy structure transformation. The Chinese government has been committed to improving the innovation of the wind power industry for decades. Although academic researchers and wind power policymakers have been widely concerned about the absolute score of innovation output, concentrating on innovation output in isolation is ultimately insufficient. This article goes beyond bean counting and evaluates the innovation of the Chinese wind power industry from the perspective of relative efficiency, and then assesses the efforts of the government to improve innovation efficiency (IE). The study uses the data of 105 wind power listed enterprises in China over the period 2008–2019. According to the recommendation made by the existing papers, IE is defined as the capability to generate innovation outputs per unit of R&D investment. Regression analysis is applied to test the policy effect. During 2008–2019, the average value of IE of Chinese wind power industry is 0.196. The IE of wind power enterprises in eastern China (0.265) is higher than that in central and western China (0.169). Besides, the regression results indicate that all categories of wind power innovation policies contribute to the IE of wind power industry in China. Furthermore, the innovation policies issued by the departments of the State Council significantly improve the IE of wind power industry, but the innovation policies from the National People’s Congress and the State Council have no significant impacts on IE.
What motivates academics for external engagement? Exploring the effects of motivational drivers and organizational fairness
Authors: Atta-Owusu Kwadwo , Fitjar Rune Dahl 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAcademics have different motivations for external engagement, including to acquire external resources for research (research advancement motivation), to contribute to society (prosocial motivation), or to acquire monetary benefits (pecuniary motivation). Universities also have varying policies for rewarding external engagement. This paper examines the relationship between academics’ motivations for engaging, their perceptions of the fairness of their universities’ policies, and their actual level of external engagement. Most academics consider contributing to the betterment of society as the most important reason for engagement, followed by the advancement of their research. Conversely, few academics consider obtaining personal income to be important. The perceived importance of all three motivations is positively associated with actual engagement behavior. Notably, the strength of research advancement motivation is more closely associated with external engagement than the strength of pecuniary motivation. However, perceptions of organizational fairness are not related to external engagement.
Trends in mental health symptoms, service use, and unmet need for services among US adults through the first 8 months of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Coley Rebekah Levine , Baum Christopher F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to rising morbidity, mortality, and social and economic disruption, likely impairing mental health. The purpose of this study was to track trends in mental health symptoms, use of services, and unmet need for services among US adults, and to delineate variation across demographic strata. Data were drawn from the 2020 US Household Pulse Survey from repeated cross-sectional online surveys collected between April 23 and November 23, 2020 from 1,302,455 US adults, weighted to represent the US population. Survey respondents self-reported their symptoms of anxiety and depression, use of medication and counseling services, and unmet need for services. Reports of probable anxiety and depression rose significantly through the study period, to prevalence rates of 37% and 29%, respectively, by November, 2020, rates more than four times higher than early 2019 US norms. Use of prescription medication, counseling services, and unmet need for mental health services also rose significantly. Prevalence rates of probable mental health disorders were highest among young, less educated, single parent, female, Black and multi-racial respondents, with some vacillation in such disparities over cohorts. Young, female, and moderately educated respondents also reported higher unmet needs for services. Disparities in estimates of mental health disorders and mental health treatment indicate a striking disequilibrium between the potential need for and the use of mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rising mental health challenges are being borne largely by young, less advantaged people of color and women, with the potential for expanded interruptions to optimal functioning and societal recovery from COVID-19.