bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebellar involvement in olfaction: An fMRI Study
Authors: Zhang Zi‐hao , Liu Xiao , Jing Bin , Hu Bao‐min , Ai Zheng , Xing Bo‐kai , Jiang Tao , Peng Peng 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeThe role of the cerebellum in olfactory function is not fully understood. In this study, we tried to combine resting state and task functional MRI (fMRI) to improve the understanding of the cerebellum during olfactory processing.MethodsA resting state and a block paradigm of olfactory stimulation fMRI were scanned in 50 subjects. The olfactory stimuli, including phenylethyl alcohol and isovaleric acid, were alternately delivered to the subject using a custom‐built olfactometer through air flow. The cerebellar activations elicited by isovaleric acid were subsequently used in the seed‐based resting‐state functional connectivity study.ResultsPhenylethyl alcohol did not induce any cerebellum activation, while isovaleric acid with a more unpleasant smell elicited significant cerebellum activations, primarily in the bilateral posterior lateral hemispheres (bilateral lobule crus I and right lobule VI). Seed‐based functional connectivity analysis revealed significant within‐cerebellum and corticocerebellar connections.ConclusionsThe results imply that the cerebellum is probably involved in olfactory‐related responses caused by unpleasant odor but does not directly participate in olfactory perception. Our results may further improve the understanding of the cerebellum in olfactory function.
Dentate Nucleus Signal Intensity Changes in Children with Adrenoleukodystrophy in Comparison to Primary Brain Tumor with and without Radiotherapy after Gadobutrol Administration
Authors: Ozturk Kerem , Nascene David 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeTo determine whether cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (cALD) or brain irradiation in patients with primary brain tumor affects T1‐weighted imaging (T1WI) signal intensity (SI) of the dentate nucleus (DN) in a pediatric cohort who had received consecutive macrocyclic gadolinium‐based contrast agent (mcGBCA) gadobutrol.MethodsThis study included 97 pediatric patients who underwent mcGBCA‐enhanced MRI from 2010 to 2020 (29 children with primary brain tumors without brain radiation therapy [mcGBCA group‐1], 33 children with primary brain tumors and radiation treatment [mcGBCA group‐2], 35 children with cALD [mcGBCA group‐3], and 97 sex‐/age‐matched control subjects [subgroups matched to each of the three subject groups] without GBCA administration). The DN‐to‐middle cerebellar peduncle (MCP) SI ratios on T1WI were then determined. A paired t‐test was performed to compare SI ratios between children exposed to mcGBCA in each group and control subjects. The relationships between SI ratios and confounding variables were analyzed utilizing the Pearson correlation analysis.ResultsThe DN‐to‐MCP SI ratio was significantly higher of mcGBCA group‐2 (1.046±.071) or mcGBCA group‐3 (.972±.038) than in the control group‐2 (.983±.041, P<.001) and control group‐3 (.937±.051, P = .002), respectively, but no significant difference of the SI ratio was noted between mcGBCA group‐1 (.984±.032) and control‐group‐1 (.982±.035, P = .860). No significant correlation was noted between SI ratio values and the cumulative dose or number of mcGBCA administrations, age, or the elapsed time between the MRI examinations (all P>.05).ConclusionsHyperintense T1WI signal in the DN may be seen in children with brain tumors undergoing brain irradiation, as well as in children with cALD.
Safety of MRI in the localization of implanted intracranial electrodes for refractory epilepsy
Authors: Yazdani Milad , Reagan Justin , Kocher Madison , Antonucci Michael , Taylor James , Edwards Jonathan , Vandergrift William Alexander , Spampinato Maria Vittoria 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThis is an observational study to evaluate the safety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to localize subdural grids and depth electrodes in patients with refractory epilepsy using a 1.5 Tesla MR scanner.METHODSWe implemented an optimized MRI protocol providing adequate image quality for the assessment of subdural grids and depth electrodes, while minimizing the specific absorption rate (SAR). We reviewed all MRI studies performed in patients with subdural grids and depth electrodes between January 2010 and October 2018. Image quality was graded as acceptable or nonacceptable for the assessment of intracranial device positioning. We reviewed the medical record and any imaging obtained after intracranial implant removal for adverse event or complication occurring during and after the procedure.RESULTSNinety‐nine patients with refractory epilepsy underwent MRI scans using a magnetization‐prepared rapid acquisition of gradient echo sequence and a transmit‐receive head coil with depth electrodes and subdural grids in place. Two patients underwent two separate depth electrode implantations for a total of 101 procedures and MRI scans. No clinical adverse events were reported during or immediately after imaging. Image quality was graded as acceptable for 97 MRI scans. Review of follow‐up CT and MRI studies after implant removal, available for 70 patients, did not demonstrate unexpected complications in 69 patients.CONCLUSIONIn our experience, a low SAR MRI protocol can be used to safely localize intracranial subdural grids and depth electrode in patients with refractory epilepsy.
The Clinical Significance of Immediate Mandibular Lateral Translation: Critically Appraised Topic (CAT)
Authors: Preiskel Harold W. , Goldstein Gary 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this Critically Appraised Topic was to investigate the possible clinical relevance of recording the immediate mandibular lateral translation.Materials and MethodsA literature search limited to Clinical trials, Randomized Controlled Trials, Systematic Reviews, Meta Analyses, and using the PICO headings revealed no citations. Using the key words dental, occlusion, immediate side shift, also received no citations. Expanding the search criteria to include Journal Articles revealed 17 citations. Using dental occlusion, Bennett movement, revealed 21 citations.ResultsThe cited articles were reviewed for relevance and duplicates were eliminated. The resulting 10 English language in vivo studies pertinent to the question were included. Other articles were culled from the author's library and the reference list of the aforementioned articles. There is no evidence on the prevalence of IMLT in patients in need of occlusal rehabilitation. There is agreement that the recording of the IMLT is reference point and recording instrument dependent. There is agreement that IMLT is observable on some patients and is minimal in magnitude. There is no evidence of any adverse clinical events as a result of not including IMLT in a restorative occlusal scheme.ConclusionsIt is justifiable to question the necessity of attempting both to record immediate mandibular lateral translation on the average patient and reproduce it on an articulator.
Occlusal Schemes for Implant Restorations: Best Evidence Consensus Statement
Authors: Goldstein Gary , Goodacre Charles , Taylor Thomas 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeNumerous studies have focused on the various complications with implant‐retained restorations and a common thread in these publications is the potential for occlusal overload. The purpose of this Best Evidence Consensus Statement on implant occlusal schemes was to review the literature to determine the level of scientific evidence upon which the articles are based.Materials and MethodsLimiting the search to Clinical trials, Randomized Controlled Trials, Systematic Reviews, Meta‐analyses, the key words: dental implants, occlusion, found no citations. Expanding the search to Journal articles found 1,483 results, 20 of which pertained to the question. Doing a similar search including Journal Articles, the key words: dental implants and occlusal scheme found 47 citations, 17 of which were pertinent to the question.ResultsAfter eliminating duplicates and non‐relevant articles, 15 were included in the review. Nineteen additional articles were culled by going through the reference lists in the aforementioned articles.ConclusionsThere is a lack of scientific evidence regarding the occlusal scheme utilized with implant restorations that will minimize or eliminate complications. In light of this lack of scientific evidence, the style of occlusion a practitioner utilizes with tooth or mucosal supported prostheses may be used with implant‐supported restorations until compelling evidence dictates otherwise.
Probabilistic vehicle weight estimation using physics‐constrained generative adversarial network
Authors: Yu Yang , Cai C. S. , Liu Yongming 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTraffic information plays an important role in the design and management of civil transportation infrastructure. Bridge weigh‐in‐motion (BWIM) provides an effective tool for traffic information gathering by estimating vehicle parameters including its weight through bridge responses. Most existing BWIM algorithms rarely consider the epistemic uncertainty of vehicle weight in terms of the probabilistic distribution of estimated axle weights (AWs) of the vehicle. This paper proposes a novel methodology for probabilistic vehicle weight estimation using a physics‐constrained generative adversarial network (GAN). Generative models are introduced to describe the probabilistic distributions of estimated AWs and bridge responses. Physics constraints on the generative models are formulated and enforced by minimizing a physics‐based loss function. The generative models are then learned by training a physics‐constrained GAN using the observed bridge responses. Numerical study and field testing are conducted to demonstrate the proposed method using representative highway bridges and vehicles. The results show that the proposed method can successfully capture the uncertainty in the vehicle weight estimation and provide the probabilistic distributions of the estimated AWs for different vehicle types and loading conditions considered, which can enhance the application of BWIM for relevant tasks such as traffic data collection and truck overloading enforcement. Based on the results obtained from the numerical study and field testing, the maximum coefficient of variation obtained for the AWs and gross vehicle weight of the presented cases are 0.55 and 0.11, respectively.
Looking for politically like‐minded partners: Self‐presentation and partner‐vetting strategies on dating apps
Authors: Chan Lik Sam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractScholarship on politics and romance has found that political homophily between couples is due to social sorting (i.e., people seeking politically like‐minded partners from the outset). However, it remains unclear how people do so in an online context. Based on interviews with dating app users in Hong Kong, this study explores individuals' self‐presentation and partner‐vetting strategies in their quests for politically like‐minded partners in a highly polarized political environment. The study reveals that political participation and knowledge have become sexual capital on dating apps, and self‐censorship has begun to emerge in citizens' private use of social media in the city. Finally, this study proposes a typology along the dimensions of effectiveness and riskiness to categorize various self‐presentation and partner‐vetting strategies.
Macrophomina phaseolina–host interface: Insights into an emerging dry root rot pathogen of mungbean and urdbean, and its mitigation strategies
Authors: Basandrai Ashwani K. , Pandey Abhay K. , Somta Prakit , Basandrai Daisy 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina is an important pathogen of many crops, such as strawberry, maize, sorghum, potato, soybean, chickpea, and pigeon pea, and causes multiple diseases throughout the world. The microsclerotia, which are the source of primary inoculum, play an important role in the survival and spread of M. phaseolina, as well as disease initiation and development. South Asia has unique characteristics relative to countries with temperate climates, that is, warm temperature, high humidity, and reduced rainfall that influence the interaction between M. phaseolina and its hosts. This review discusses the distribution pattern, pathogen background, pathogenic and genetic variability, and the mitigation strategies applied worldwide to reduce the impact of diseases caused by M. phaseolina with a focus on dry root rot of mungbean and urdbean in South Asia. Dry root rot, caused by M. phaseolina, is an emerging disease of mungbean and urdbean in South Asia. Dry root rot research in South Asia has focused mostly on adopting disease mitigation strategies evolved in tropical to temperate climates such as cultural practices, chemical control, genetic resistance, and biological control. Although the disease is prevalent in most of South Asia, there have been very few studies on M. phaseolina and its host–parasite interaction. Therefore, additional research is required in this domain, which could result in improved understanding and management of M. phaseolina in the face of present and future climate extremes.
Sumithion usage in aquaculture: benefit or forfeit?
Authors: Shahjahan Md , Islam SM Majharul , Bablee Alif Layla , Siddik Muhammad A.B. , Fotedar Ravi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSumithion is an organophosphate insecticide, extensively used to remove tiger bug from aquaculture ponds prior to the release of fish larvae. Its usage in aquaculture may initially assist in insect eradication; however, the harmful effects of sumithion may surpass the beneficial effects and may be alarming for the farmed fish and other aquatic organisms. This study summarizes the consequential effects of sumithion on the natural productivity in aquaculture ponds, and early development, physiological response, and reproductive functions of the farmed fish. Studies have found that sumithion adversely affects the natural production of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos, and reduces the hatching success with increased mortality, and morphological alterations in fish embryos and larvae. Fish haematological and biochemical alterations are also reported to be induced by the exposure to sumithion, as are variety of histopathological alterations and reproductive dysfunctions in exposed fish. Overall, this study is the first comprehensive overview of any insecticide which may advance our understanding of the rational and restricted use of insecticide in aquaculture operations.
Technology‐Induced Job Loss and the Prioritization of Economic Problems in the Mass Public
Authors: Heinrich Tobias , Witko Christopher 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObservers argue that robots and other advanced technology will eliminate millions of jobs across affluent democracies in the coming decades. But do citizens in affluent democracies recognize this, and if so, does it affect how salient they find economic problems compared to other problems the governments might address? Using a unique Eurobarometer survey with an extensive set of questions about technology we investigate the extent of sociotropic and selfish employment concerns regarding technology and examine how these concerns are associated with the micro‐level prioritization of economic problems in European mass publics. We find that sociotropic employment concerns regarding technology are widespread compared to selfish, but that only those with selfish employment concerns demonstrate greater prioritization of economic problems. Our findings have important implications for understanding how people view the threat posed by technology to their jobs and potential shifts in policy agendas as technology‐induced job loss spreads.
Is there any merit to the merit‐based immigration system? What Sub‐Saharan African immigrant labor and housing market outcomes tell us about U.S. economic and immigration systems
Authors: Tesfai Rebbeca 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFor decades, U.S. immigration policy debates have centered on creating a merit‐based system limiting entry to high‐skilled immigrants. Yet the emphasis on merit‐based immigration ignores the fact that high‐skilled immigrants already enter the United States in merit‐based immigration assume high‐skilled immigrants benefit the U.S. economy because they are better able than low‐skilled immigrants to translate skills into economic success. Using Sub‐Saharan (Black) African immigrants' labor and housing market outcomes, I show that meritocracy only partially explains U.S. labor and housing outcomes, leaving a merit‐based system unlikely to address America's economic needs. The majority of immigrants to the U.S. are non‐White, and racial discrimination in the labor market results in occupational and wage disadvantages in the U.S. Due to the public charge rule, high skilled immigrants may be less likely to get their visas renewed or green card applications approved because of these labor market disadvantages. Without stable visa status, high‐skilled immigrants will be less likely to make long‐term economic investments in the United States—an important way of contributing to the U.S. economy. Together, research indicates that U.S. immigration reform will not work without first enacting policy addressing racial disparities in economic systems.
Using an excel visual to illustrate univariate and bivariate variability
Authors: Lilly Bryan , Miller Andrew J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a dynamic Excel visual. The visual has three graphs that are all driven by the same data, so students can see how changes (via Slider controls) in data appear on a univariate graph, a bivariate graph, and a graph that shows a ratio of two variables on one axis. The visual has macros that let a statistics teacher reveal parts of the visual separately. The paper discusses how the visual helps students learn about five conceptual issues. Concluding comments are provided to help teachers who might wish to use the visual.
Molecular changes of Arabidopsis thaliana plastoglobules facilitate thylakoid membrane remodeling under high light stress
Authors: Espinoza‐Corral Roberto , Schwenkert Serena , Lundquist Peter K. 
Published: March 2021

SummaryPlants require rapid responses to adapt to environmental stresses. This includes dramatic changes in the size and number of plastoglobule lipid droplets within chloroplasts. Although the morphological changes of plastoglobules are well documented, little is known about the corresponding molecular changes. To address this gap, we have compared the quantitative proteome, oligomeric state, prenyl‐lipid content and kinase activities of Arabidopsis thaliana plastoglobules under unstressed and 5‐day light‐stressed conditions. Our results show a specific recruitment of proteins related to leaf senescence and jasmonic acid biosynthesis under light stress, and identify nearly half of the plastoglobule proteins in high native molecular weight masses. Additionally, a specific increase in plastoglobule carotenoid abundance under the light stress was consistent with enhanced thylakoid disassembly and leaf senescence, supporting a specific role for plastoglobules in senescence and thylakoid remodeling as an intermediate storage site for photosynthetic pigments. In vitro kinase assays of isolated plastoglobules demonstrated kinase activity towards multiple target proteins, which was more pronounced in the plastoglobules of unstressed than light‐stressed leaf tissue, and which was diminished in plastoglobules of the abc1k1/abc1k3 double‐mutant. These results strongly suggest that plastoglobule‐localized ABC1 kinases hold endogenous kinase activity, as these were the only known or putative kinases identified in the isolated plastoglobules by deep bottom‐up proteomics. Collectively, our study reveals targeted changes to the protein and prenyl‐lipid composition of plastoglobules under light stress that present strategies by which plastoglobules appear to facilitate stress adaptation within chloroplasts.
Impact of Gas-Filled Annular Space on Thermal and Optical Performances of a Heat Pipe Parabolic Trough Solar Collector
Authors: Janan Moulay Ahmed , Taqi Mohamed , Chakir Hamid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate the improvement of thermal performances of a heat pipe parabolic trough solar collector by optimizing the annulus space, between the evaporator and the glass envelope, and using an appropriate filling gas. We compared the system thermal effectiveness for nine filling gases (hydrogen, air, helium, neon, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, krypton, and xenon). The results showed that using xenon or krypton leads to the best thermal yield (70%). While krypton arises to be the most energetically efficient filling gas, argon, with a thermal yield of 62%, presents a best compromise as the cheapest inert gas. In addition, we showed that the annular space size should be less than a critical value to minimize heat losses and to reduce the material cost during manufacturing.
Effects of an Exercise Therapy Targeting Knee Kinetics on Pain, Function, and Gait Kinetics in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Bokaeian Hamid Reza , Esfandiarpour Fateme , Zahednejad Shahla , Mohammadi Hossein Kouhzad , Farahmand Farzam 
Published: March 2021

In this study, the effects of an exercise therapy comprising yoga exercises and medial-thrust gait (YogaMT) on lower-extremity kinetics, pain, and function in patients with medial knee osteoarthritis were investigated. Fifty-nine patients were randomly allocated to three treatment groups: (a) the YogaMT group practiced yoga exercises and medial thrust gait, (b) the knee-strengthening group performed quadriceps- and hamstring-strengthening exercises, and (c) the treadmill walking group practiced normal treadmill walking in 12 supervised sessions. The adduction and flexion moments of the hip, knee, and ankle; pain intensity; and 2-min walking test were assessed before and after treatment and at 1-month follow-up. The YogaMT group experienced a significant reduction in knee adduction moment. All groups showed significant improvement in pain and function. The YogaMT may reduce medial knee load in patients with knee osteoarthritis in the short term. A larger clinical trial is required to investigate the long-term outcomes of this intervention.