bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined procalcitonin and hemogram parameters contribute to early differential diagnosis of Gram‐negative/Gram‐positive bloodstream infections
Authors: Gao Qiqing , Li Zhuohong , Mo Xichao , Wu Yihua , Zhou Hao , Peng Jie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundHemogram parameters and procalcitonin (PCT) play auxiliary roles in the diagnosis and outcome of sepsis. However, it is not clear whether these indicators can quickly distinguish bacterial classification or guide the choice of empirical antibiotics.MethodsWe retrospectively enrolled 381 patients with bloodstream infections (BSI), divided into Gram‐positive bloodstream infections (GP‐BSI) and Gram‐negative bloodstream infections (GN‐BSI). Demographic parameters, hemogram parameters, and PCT were recorded and compared between the two groups.ResultsThe mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and PCT in the GN‐BSI group were significantly higher than those in the GP‐BSI group, while the platelet count (PLT), plateletcrit, platelet count‐to‐white blood cell count ratio (PWR), platelet count‐to‐neutrophil count ratio (PNR), platelet count‐to‐PCT ratio (PLT/PCT), and mean platelet volume‐to‐PCT ratio (MPV/PCT) were significantly lower in the GN‐BSI group. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent predictors of GN‐BSI were MPV, PWR, and PCT. The areas under the curve (AUC) for this prediction model was 0.79, with sensitivity =0.75 and specificity =0.71.ConclusionsThere were significant differences in terms of PCT, platelet parameters, and platelet‐related index‐PCT ratio between GN‐BSI and GP‐BSI. Combined PCT and hemogram parameters are more conducive to the early differential diagnosis of bacterial classification of BSI.
Left bundle branch area pacing: Electrocardiographic features
Authors: Das Asit , Chatterjeet Das Suman , Mandal Aniruddha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundLeft bundle branch (LBB) area pacing emerged as a promising alternative to His bundle (HB) pacing in difficult cases of physiological pacing and failed cases of cardiac resynchronization. So, it is important to understand ECG features of LBB area pacing in various subsets of patients.ObjectiveWe wanted to find out different morphological patterns and characteristic ECG features of LBB area pacing.MethodMedtronic 3830 pacing lead was used to pierce the interventricular septum 1‐2 cm distal towards the RV cavity to a previously placed electrophysiology catheter at distal HB region to reach the LBB area in the right anterior oblique (RAO) 30 degree projection. We observed paced QRS morphology in lead V1 and paced QRS duration.ResultsWe have analyzed ECG features of 60 patients who had undergone LBB area pacing and 60 patients with RV apical pacing. LBB area pacing resulted in narrower‐paced QRS complex than conventional RV apical pacing. In patients with baseline LBBB QRS shortening from LBB area pacing was more in comparison to patients with RBBB (34.45 ± 8.07 ms vs 19.78 ± 10.24 ms, P value .004). Paced QRS morphological pattern in lead V1 was most commonly qR pattern followed by Qr pattern.ConclusionsLBB area pacing results in narrower‐paced QRS duration than RV apical pacing. The morphological pattern is most commonly a qR or Qr pattern in lead V1. Patients with baseline RBBB showed lesser paced QRS shortening in comparison to patients with baseline LBBB.
Simultaneous determination of compound‐specific isotopic compositions of acyclic isoprenoids and n‐alkanes in light crude oil
Authors: Tian Yankuan , Zhan Zhao‐Wen , Yu Shuang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStable carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of individual n‐alkanes and acyclic isoprenoids are important tools in petroleum geochemistry. However, the analysis requires baseline separation and peak profiles using gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry to obtain accurate compound‐specific isotope data. Time‐consuming isolation or purification is typically conducted to separate the compounds to avoid co‐elution with other compounds or matrices in crude oils. We developed a simple gas chromatography separation method to simultaneously measure the compound‐specific carbon or hydrogen isotope compositions of n‐alkanes and acyclic isoprenoids. It was achieved by direct injection of the whole crude condensate and light oil or the saturated fractions of different types of crude oils using a 60 m DB‐17ms column. This method simplifies the pre‐treatment of compound‐specific isotope analysis, saves manpower and time, and reduces the use of organic solvents to be more environmentally friendly.
Titanium dioxide‐functionalized dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles for highly selective isolation of phosphoproteins
Authors: Qiao Min , Guo Peng‐Fei , Zhang Chun‐Yu , Sun Xiao‐Yan , Chen Ming‐Li , Wang Jian‐Hua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSelective isolation of phosphoproteins is of great significance in biological applications. Herein, titanium dioxide‐functionalized dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles are prepared via a post‐grafting method for selective capture of phosphoproteins. The fabricated nanoparticles possess a unique central‐radial pore structure with a surface area of 666.66 m2/g and a pore size of 22.2 nm. The high‐binding affinity of TiO2 with the phosphate groups facilitates the selective adsorption of phosphoproteins. Moreover, the open central‐radial pore structure endows the dendritic mesoporous nanoparticles with better adsorption performance toward phosphoproteins with respect to the commercial titanium dioxide nanoparticles and titanium dioxide‐functionalized conventional mesoporous silica nanoparticles by providing more accessible affinity sites. At pH 2, an adsorption capacity of 157.2 mg/g is derived for β‐casein. The feasibility of the as‐prepared dendritic material in real biological sample assay is demonstrated by the selective isolation of phosphoproteins from defatted milk, as illustrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay.
A High–Performance Flexible Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Features an Integrated Design of Conductive Fabric Electrode and Polyurethane Sponge
Authors: Cheng Haonan , Zhang Ningyi , Yin Yunjie , Wang Chaoxia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDue to its porous structure and good elasticity, conductive polyurethane (PU) sponge is used as the main substrate of the flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor. The effective combination of conductive PU sponge and electrode material is the foundation for the pressure sensor, but it needs to be bonded by expensive conductive silver paste or copper paste. In addition, the common electrode materials weaken the flexibility of the PU sponge pressure sensors because of their rigidity. Herein, PU sponge and polyester (PET) fabric are first bonded to produce (PET‐PU) composite, which is then impregnated with graphene oxide (GO). The obtained reduced graphene oxide(rGO)@PET fabric and rGO@PU are used as electrode and piezoresistive material, respectively. Then rGO@(PET‐PU) composite is assembled into a pressure sensor only by using wire connections in the rGO@PET fabric. Benefiting from excellent piezoresistive behavior, rGO@(PET‐TPU) pressure sensor displays high sensitivity (0.255 kPa−1 at below 2.6 kPa), wide detection limit (≈0–85.0%), and long durability (over 1800 cycles). Besides, the pressure sensor demonstrates good performance in monitoring human activities, including finger bending, clicking keyboard, breathing, elbow bending, and walking posture, thus providing a promising material for human activity monitoring.
How scarcity and thinking styles boost referral effectiveness
Authors: Ang Dionysius , Gerrath Maximilian H. E. E. , Liu Yeyi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReferral reward programs (RRPs) are a widely used tool to stimulate word‐of‐mouth (WOM). However, marketers still face a dilemma—while incentivization encourages senders to make referrals, recipients often react negatively towards such incentives. We propose a solution—referral scarcity—to improve referral effectiveness depending on thinking style. Three experiments show that limiting the number of referral rewards makes holistic‐thinking recipients feel more special, boosting their referral acceptance and RRP evaluations. We replicate these effects across various contexts and in the relationship norm most common for referrals—exchange norm. Our findings theoretically contribute to the research on incentivized WOM, scarcity appeals, and thinking styles. We also demonstrate how marketers can adopt sender‐benefiting referral rewards to maximize its dissemination and acceptance while identifying the consumer segment where it would be most effective.
Local Values and Data Empower Culturally Guided Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management of the Wuikinuxv Bear–Salmon–Human System
Authors: Adams Megan S. , Connors Brendan , Levi Taal , Shaw Danielle , Walkus Jennifer , Rogers Scott , Darimont Chris 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Despite numerous examples of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) addressing tradeoffs between ecological and commercial fishery interests, local social and cultural concerns are less frequently considered. We illustrate how Indigenous fishery harvest goals and data from locally driven wildlife research can inform EBFM, guided by cultural values of respect for and reciprocity with wildlife. Grizzly bears Ursus arctos horribilis hold particular importance for the Wuikinuxv First Nation in Rivers Inlet, British Columbia, where people and bears have coexisted as consumers of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka for millennia. The region’s valuable commercial fishery, active since the late 1800s, has been closed since the Sockeye Salmon population collapsed in the mid-1990s, but the Wuikinuxv maintain a modest food, social, and ceremonial (FSC) harvest. To address questions about balancing the needs of fishers and ecosystem recipients, we quantified tradeoffs between long-term maximum sustainable fishery yield and ecosystem benefits (for which bear density served as a proxy). We fitted age-structured state-space spawner–recruitment models and estimated relationships among spawner abundance, long-term fishery yields, and relative bear densities in time periods before and after the population collapse. We found that predicted maximum postcollapse bear density was 74% of maximum precollapse densities. We estimated a 94% decline in Sockeye Salmon equilibrium population size (from ˜3,115,000 to 200,000), resulting in a commensurate decline in maximum sustainable fishery yield. Despite this, we showed that Wuikinuxv FSC harvest goals are compatible with an EBFM target that seeks also to sustain relatively high bear densities, whereby relative fishery yield and bear density are reduced about 10% from their respective maxima, assuming that current Sockeye Salmon productivity and carrying capacity remain similar for the foreseeable future, although these estimates are highly uncertain. Collectively, our findings illustrate how EBFM can apply interdisciplinary approaches that draw not only on fisheries ecology but also local values to design sustainable harvest strategies for diverse beneficiaries.
Structural Fractal Analysis of the Active Site of Acetylcholinesterase in Complexes with Huperzine A, Galantamine, and Donepezil
Authors: Grigorev Veniamin Y. , Rasdolsky Alexander N. , Grigoreva Ludmila D. , Tinkov Oleg V. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe fractal dimension (D) of the active site of hAChE in the unliganded state and as part of complexes with hyperzine A, galantamine, and donepezil is calculated using molecular interatomic‐distance histograms. Fractal matrices of structural changes (FMSCs) are formed by pairwise comparison of the values of D and by revealing the significance of their differences. FMSCs are found to be used to quantitatively estimate the changes in the structures of the molecules in various states. When analyzing FMSCs, we found that the most significant structural changes are related to the Glu202 amino acid residue. No structural perturbations are revealed in the case of Trp86, Gly122, Ala204, Phe338, Tyr341, Gly448, and Ile451.
Influence of Ice Angler Culling Practices on Bluegill Physiological Stress Responses and Mortality
Authors: Grausgruber Stephen J. , Grausgruber Emily E. , Weber Michael J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Decreasing bag limits is a management mechanism for enhancing size structure of Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus. However, restrictive bag limits can promote culling, where an angler returns a live fish to the water in exchange for another. Little is known about the effect of culling on ice-angled fishes. Our objective was to compare the effects of Bluegill confinement methods (reference, ice well, and bucket) and holding durations (0, 1, 2, or 5 h) on changes in water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, pH, carbon dioxide, and water temperature) and Bluegill stress physiology (blood glucose and plasma cortisol), reflex responses (reflex action mortality predictor [RAMP] scores), and mortality while ice angling. In February 2018, 182 Bluegills were angled through the ice and randomly assigned a confinement method and holding duration. Bluegill blood glucose levels were higher in both confinement methods than reference fish at 2-h and 5-h holding durations. Bluegills had higher blood glucose levels in buckets than ice wells at 1 and 2 h, but they had higher blood glucose levels in ice wells at 5 h. Water temperature was warmer in buckets than ice wells at all holding durations, while ice wells were cooler than ambient lake temperature. Bucket pH was higher than the lake at 2 h, and ice well pH was higher than the lake at 1 and 2 h. Bluegill RAMP scores were similar across all holding durations and confinement methods, but they were elevated in individuals held for the 24-h mortality assessment. Two Bluegill mortalities occurred for fish held in ice wells. Our results suggest that confinement method and holding duration while ice angling can result in altered Bluegill blood glucose concentrations, water temperatures, and pH concentrations but that culling while ice angling might not result in mortality. Consequently, culling practices may be compatible with and not negate the intended benefits of reduced Bluegill bag limits.
Preparing for the NASH epidemic: A call to action
Authors: Kanwal Fasiha , Shubrook Jay H. , Younossi Zobair , Natarajan Yamini , Bugianesi Elisabetta , Rinella Mary E. , Harrison Stephen A. , Mantzoros Christos , Pfotenhauer Kim , Klein Samuel , Eckel Robert H. , Kruger Davida , El‐Serag Hashem , Cusi Kenneth 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are common conditions with a rising burden. Yet there are significant management gaps between clinical guidelines and practice in patients with NAFLD and NASH. Further, there is no single global guiding strategy for the management of NAFLD and NASH. The American Gastroenterological Association, in collaboration with 7 professional associations, convened an international conference comprising 32 experts in gastroenterology, hepatology, endocrinology, and primary care providers from the United States, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Conference content was informed by the results of a national NASH Needs Assessment Survey. The participants reviewed and discussed published literature on global burden, screening, risk stratification, diagnosis, and management of individuals with NAFLD, including those with NASH. Participants identified promising approaches for clinical practice and prepared a comprehensive, unified strategy for primary care providers and relevant specialists encompassing the full spectrum of NAFLD/NASH care. They also identified specific high‐yield targets for clinical research and called for a unified, international public health response to NAFLD and NASH.
Cinacalcet and gastrointestinal bleeding risk in patients receiving hemodialysis
Authors: Liu Jiannong , Guo Haifeng , Lin Tzu‐Chieh , Wetmore James B. , Bradbury Brian D. , Gilbertson David T. , Nieman Kimberly , Peng Yi , Sprafka J. Michael , Dluzniewski Paul J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeSecondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is common among dialysis patients, and calcimimetics are a mainstay of treatment. This study assessed whether cinacalcet use is associated with gastrointestinal bleeding in a large hemodialysis cohort.MethodsA linked database of clinical records and medical claims for patients receiving hemodialysis in a large dialysis organization, 2007–2010, was used. A nested case–control study was performed among patients aged ≥18 years who had received hemodialysis for ≥90 days, had Medicare Parts A, B, and D coverage for ≥1 year, and had clinical evidence of SHPT (parathyroid hormone >300 pg/mL). Cases were those who experienced death or hospitalization caused by gastrointestinal bleeding. Each case was matched to up to four controls. Exposure was measured by any cinacalcet use, current use, past use, cumulative exposure days, and cumulative dosage. Conditional logistic models were used to assess the association.ResultsOf 48 437 patients included, 2570 experienced gastrointestinal bleeding events (2498 non‐fatal, 72 fatal), and 2465 (2397 non‐fatal, 68 fatal) were matched to 9500 controls; 17.2% of cases and 15.8% of controls had cinacalcet exposure and 11.1% of both cases and controls had current use. The adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of gastrointestinal bleeding for any use, current use, and past use of cinacalcet were 1.04 (0.91–1.19), 0.97 (0.83–1.13), and 1.22 (0.99–1.50), respectively, with no use as the reference.ConclusionThe results do not suggest an elevated risk of gastrointestinal bleeding resulting in hospitalization or death for hemodialysis patients exposed to cinacalcet.
Adjustable ring shaping for laser welding applications
Authors: Brodsky Alexander , Kaplan Natan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHigh laser welding speed can be achieved by using a ring and central spot laser illumination profile, with an adjustable ratio of the ring energy to the spot enabling optimization of the process. We present a novel and simple diffractive‐based concept to achieve such adjustable shaping for standard fiber lasers. The module is rotation‐adjustable between 100 % energy in the central spot to no energy in the central spot, can work with both single‐mode and multimode lasers, is highly compact (less than 20 mm long) and has the high LDT of passive diffractive components. This concept obviates the need for special ring‐type fiber lasers, enabling simpler design of the welding laser head.
Protein oligomer structure prediction using GALAXY in CASP14
Authors: Park Taeyong , Woo Hyeonuk , Yang Jinsol , Kwon Sohee , Won Jonghun , Seok Chaok 
Published: August 2021

AbstractProteins perform their functions by interacting with other biomolecules. For these interactions, proteins often form homo‐ or hetero‐oligomers as well. Thus, oligomer protein structures provide important clues regarding the biological roles of proteins. To this end, computational prediction of oligomer structures may be a useful tool in the absence of experimentally resolved structures. Here, we describe our server and human‐expert methods used to predict oligomer structures in the CASP14 experiment. Examples are provided for cases in which manual domain‐splitting led to improved oligomeric domain structures by ab initio docking, automated oligomer structure refinement led to improved subunit orientation and terminal structure, and manual oligomer modeling utilizing literature information generated a reasonable oligomer model. We also discussed the results of post‐prediction docking calculations with AlphaFold2 monomers as input in comparison to our blind prediction results. Overall, ab initio docking of AlphaFold2 models did not lead to better oligomer structure prediction, which may be attributed to the interfacial structural difference between the AlphaFold2 monomer structures and the crystal oligomer structures. This result poses a next‐stage challenge in oligomer structure prediction after the success of AlphaFold2. For successful protein assembly structure prediction, a different approach that exploits further evolutionary information on the interface and/or flexible docking taking the interfacial conformational flexibilities of subunit structures into account is needed.
Control of chirality, bond flexing and anharmonicity in an electric field
Authors: Li Zi , Nie Xing , Xu Tianlv , Li Shuman , Yang Yong , Früchtl Herbert , van Mourik Tanja , Kirk Steven R. , Paterson Martin J. , Shigeta Yasuteru , Jenkins Samantha 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe located “hidden” S‐character chirality in formally achiral glycine using a vector‐based interpretation of the total electronic charge density distribution. We induced the formation of stereoisomers in glycine by the application of an electric field. Control of chirality was indicated from the proportionate response to a non‐structurally distorting electric field. The bond‐flexing was determined to be a measure of bond strain, which could be a factor of three lower or higher, depending on the direction of the electric field, than in the absence of the electric field. The bond‐anharmonicity was found to be approximately independent of the electric field. We also compared the formally achiral glycine with the chiral molecules alanine and lactic acid, quantifying the preferences for the S and R stereoisomers. The proportional response of the chiral discrimination to the magnitude and direction of the applied electric field indicated use of the chirality discrimination as a molecular similarity measure.
Mediation of perceived stress and cortisol in the association between neuroticism and global cognition in older adults: A longitudinal study
Authors: Montoliu Teresa , Pulopulos Matías M. , Puig‐Pérez Sara , Hidalgo Vanesa , Salvador Alicia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNeuroticism has been associated with a greater dementia risk, but its association with cognitive decline in healthy older adults remains unclear. Stress has been proposed as one of the mechanisms that could explain this relationship. Our aim was to analyse, in healthy older people, the mediating role of perceived stress and the Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) axis in the association between neuroticism and global cognition. At Waves 1 and 2 (4‐year follow‐up), 87 older people (49.4% women; M age = 65.08, SD = 4.54 at Wave 1) completed a neuropsychological battery and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and provided saliva samples on two (Wave 1) and three (Wave 2) consecutive days to measure the wake‐to‐bed slope. In Wave 2, neuroticism was assessed with the NEO‐Five‐Factor Inventory. PSS, but not the wake‐to‐bed slope, mediated the negative associations between neuroticism and global cognition (Waves 1, 2 and change). Regarding gender differences, PSS (Waves 1, 2 and change) and the wake‐to‐bed slope (Wave 2 and change) mediated these associations in men. Our results suggest that perceived stress and HPA‐axis dysregulation could act as mechanisms underlying the association between neuroticism and cognitive functioning and decline, at least in older men.