bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pornography and Speech Act Theory – An In-Depth Survey
Authors: Dombrovszki Áron 
Published: November 2021

Considering the short history of the feminist philosophy of language, Rae Langton’s article “Speech Acts and Unspeakable Acts” was highly influential as one of the first positive research programs in the movement. In her paper, Langton – using John L. Austin’s speech act theory – interprets Catharine MacKinnon’s thesis: pornography is a speech that subordinates and silences women. Despite the importance of the subject, those unfamiliar with certain historical and contextual features of the topic would hardly understand it.
My paper aims to introduce some of the major accounts in this special area at the intersection of speech act theory and feminist philosophy. Rather than just reconstructing Langton’s arguments and the most common objections against it, I take a more holistic approach, examining its surrounding literature as well.
My article has six sections. In Section 1, I contrast the conservative and liberal arguments against pornography and sketch MacKinnon’s liberal critique. In Section 2, I give alternative interpretations of MacKinnon’s thesis that “pornography is harm.” In Section 3, I try to make sense of the prima facie implausible assumption that pornography is speech. In Section 4 and 5, I analyze the Langtonian theories about subordination and silencing. Finally, in Section 6, I mention the most challenging problems for Langton’s approach, considering the verbal nature of pornography, the limits of the protection of free speech, and the different positions on sexual consent.
Slurs Subordinate by Cueing the Ideology
Authors: Prien Bernd 
Published: November 2021

In recent years, a number of authors (e.g., Rae Langton, Mary K. McGowan, and Ishani Maitra) have tried to understand sexist and racist hate speech using John Austin’s speech act theory. These authors agree that acts of hate speech subordinate in two senses: on the one hand, they cause subordination insofar as they have subordinating causal consequences. On the other hand, they also constitute subordination insofar as the speech acts themselves, i.e. independently of their causal consequences, subordinate in some sense. However, there is disagreement about how exactly subordination in this latter sense is to be understood.
My proposal builds on and refines that of Rebecca Kukla. Following Kukla, I assume that central cases of hate speech are, regarding the type of speech act, interpellations or vocatives, and that slurs are interpellations with a certain kind of content. An interpellation is a speech act of hailing another person, using a social role or identity she has, such as “Hi, Eli!” or “Officer, …”. Slurs are speech acts of the same type, however, with a derogated, subordinated social role as their content. I adopt Kukla’s general theory of speech acts to analyze interpellations. According to this theory, speech acts strive to change the normative commitments and entitlements of others. I argue that in the case of interpellations, this normative output is best understood as a call on the addressee to activate an identity or a social role she already has, according to the ideology, but which she may not be actively playing at the moment. I argue that no special authority is required to make such a call.
I then propose an explanation of the sense in which slurs constitute subordination. Applying the analysis of interpellations, we can see that slurs call upon the addressee to actively play a derogated social role she has according to the ideology. In this sense, slurs can be said to cue the ideology, to use Swanson’s suggestive phrase.
„Elmélet vs. gyakorlat” a performativitás felől. Adalékok a praxis-vitához
Authors: Kicsák Lóránt 
Published: November 2021

Az Elpis folyóirat hasábjain kibontakozó praxis-vitához hozzászólni megtisztelő, komoly feladat. Olvasva az egyre szerteágazóbb diskurzust, úgy döntöttem, hozzászólásomban visszakanyarodom az „eredeti” kérdéshez, és elmélet és gyakorlat viszonyát egy másik perspektívába helyezem.
Egyetértek Rosta Kosztasszal abban, hogy „ez a vita csak akkor folytatható le produktív módon, ha résztvevői vagy metafilozófiai vagy más irányzatokat ki nem rekesztő attitűdöt vesznek fel”. Azonban nem értem, miért lenne irreleváns, ki, mit gondol a filozófiáról. Persze nem lényegmeghatározását kell adnunk, már csak azért sem, mert a filozófiára szintén érvényes az, ami az emberre: „essentiája az existentiájában rejlik”. Főleg nem lehet irreleváns a kérdés, amikor a filozofálás sajátosságain és lehetőségein – korántsem változatlan, hanem mindenkor történetileg is meghatározott lehetőségfeltételein – kell elgondolkodnunk. Mert szerintem Nemes vitairata erre ösztönöz, nem pedig arra, amit írásának címe („Filozófiai tudás vs. filozofálás”) sugall, mintha csak egyetlen tétje lenne: választani a filozófia elméleti vagy gyakorlati művelése között. Én inkább azt a szándékot olvasom ki belőle, hogy nyissunk meg egy tágas teret, melyben fesztelenül feltehető egy fajsúlyos kérdés: mivégre filozofálunk? Ehhez mérten, miként filozofálunk, ami közvetlenül befolyásolja, hogy mi történik a filozofálásban.
Incidence of Research Gap Years in Orthopaedic Residency Applicants: The New Standard?
Authors: Cotter Eric J. , Polce Evan M. , Lee Eric , Williams Kathryn L. , Spiker Andrea M. , Grogan Brian F. , Lang Gerald J. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction:
The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the incidence of a research gap year (RGY) in orthopaedic residency applicants at a single institution over a seven-year span; (2) compare applicant characteristics between applicants who did a RGY with those who did not, and (3) report variables associated with match success for RGY applicants.

Methods:
Applicants who reported taking a year out from medical school to pursue research on their Electronic Residency Application Service to a single institution from 2014 to 2015 through 2020 to 2021 were reviewed.

Results:
A strong positive correlation was noted between the percentage of applicants who participated in a RGY and time (Pearson correlation: r = 0.945 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.666­0.992], P = 0.001). Over the study period, 11% of applicants had done a RGY, most commonly after their third year of medical school (82.7%). Most RGY applicants matched orthopaedics (72.8%) and 19.4% matched at the same institution they did their RGY.

Conclusion:
The percentage of RGY applicants to the study institution nearly doubled between 2014 to 2015 and 2020 to 2021. RGY applicants had a higher match rate than nationally published match rates. Further study is needed on a national level.
Tinjauan Etis Kristen Terhadap Kebebasan Beragama Di Lingkungan Sekolah Negeri Dengan Dicabutnya SKB Tiga Menteri
Authors: Surna Suriawan , Widodo Priyantoro 
Published: November 2021

In order to protect the equal right to freedom of thought, belief and religion of all students in all public schools in Indonesia; in February 2021, the central government represented by three ministers, namely Minister of Education and Culture, Home Affairs Minister, and Religious Affairs Minister issued Joint Ministerial Decree (SKB) on the Use of Uniforms and Attributes for Students, Educators, and Education Personnel in state schools at the primary and secondary level .On 3 May 2021, the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia revoked it. The purpose of this paper is to state a universal Christian ethical attitude in the midst of national and state life which is based on Pancasila and Bhineka Tunggal Ika (“Unity in Diversity”), especially in response to the revocation of the 3 Ministerial Decree that used to guarantee and protect religious freedom in state schools. The method used in this paper is phenomenological-qualitative research. The result is hoped to become a consideration for the central government and every child of the nation in general, and especially for followers of the Lord Jesus Christ in the land of Pancasila, Indonesia.Keywords: freedom of religion, Christian ethics, universal AbstrakDemi menjaga kebebasan dalam mengekspresikan keyakinan yang dianut semua siswa di semua sekolah negeri di Indonesia, maka pemerintah pusat yang diwakili tiga Menteri yaitu Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Menteri Dalam Negeri, dan Menteri Agama mengeluarkan Surat Keputusan Bersama (SKB). Penggunaan Pakaian Seragam dan Atribut bagi Peserta Didik, Pendidik, dan Tenaga Kependidikan di Lingkungan Sekolah yang diselenggarakan Pemda pada Jenjang Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah pada bulan Februari 2021. Namun SKB tiga Menteri tersebut terkesan mengekang dan membatasi tradisi atau budaya masyarakat yang sudah lama ada di daerah di Indonesia. Pada tanggal 3 Mei 2021, Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia mencabut SKB 3 Menteri tersebut. Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk menyatakan sikap etis Kristen di tengah-tengah kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara yang berdasarkan Pancasila dan Bhineka Tunggal Ika dalam menyikapi ketiadaan SKB 3 Menteri yang menjamin dan melindungi kebebasan beragama di lingkungan sekolah negeri. Metode yang digunakan di dalam makalah ini adalah metode penelitian fenomenologi-kualitatif. Hasilnya diharapkan menjadi pertimbangan bagi pemerintah pusat dan setiap anak bangsa pada umumnya serta khususnya bagi pengikut Tuhan Yesus Kristus di bumi Pancasila, Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Kebebasan Beragama, Etika Kristen
Coleccionismo y patrocinio de arte en el siglo XVII: el ejemplo de la familia Muñoz de Otálora
Authors: Martínez Martínez José Antonio 
Published: November 2021

En este artículo se intenta explicar el coleccionismo y el patrocinio de arte y bibliográfico en el siglo XVII a través del ejemplo que nos proporcionan los inventarios de bienes del licenciado Alonso Muñoz de Otálora, alcalde de casa y corte, y de Juana Clara Muñoz de Otálora. El coleccionismo desde el punto de vista social se presenta como un símbolo del estatus y como una manifestación del prestigio social de los individuos y de las instituciones. La casa, como espacio físico y residencial, albergar las colecciones artísticas y otros objetos y joyas que nos acercan al nivel de vida y al lujo de las familias de poder del siglo XVII. Finalmente, el patrocinio y financiación de iglesias y ermitas se presentan como signo inequívoco de la magnificencia de la familia y como una manifestación de su poder y compromiso social con los valores civilizatorios.
This article tries to explain the collecting and sponsorship of art and bibliography in the seventeenth century through the example provided by the inventories of assets of the lawyer Alonso Muñoz de Otálora, mayor of the house and court, and Juana Clara Muñoz de Otálora . Collecting from the social point of view is presented as a symbol of status and as a manifestation of the social prestige of individuals and institutions. The house, as a physical and residential space, the houses, the artistic collections and other objects and jewels that bring us closer to the standard of living and the luxury of the 17th century that power families. Finally, the sponsorship and financing of churches and hermitages are presented as an unequivocal sign of the magnificence of the family and as a manifestation of its power and social commitment to civilized values.
Los lugares de memoria como patrimonio: propuesta de itinerarios en Cartagena durante la II República (1931-1936)
Authors: Egea Ibarra Carmen 
Published: November 2021

Este trabajo tiene como fin elaborar una guía de itinerarios históricos de la ciudad de Cartagena durante los años de la II República. Se pretende preservar un patrimonio inmaterial, aquellos lugares de la memoria de la ciudad republicana que hacen referencia a los símbolos de identidad de una colectividad. A sus monumentos silenciosos y silenciados. El objetivo es recuperar el contexto histórico de los edificios y calles y destacar su importancia didáctica, memorialista y cultural, teniendo en cuenta la Ley de Memoria Histórica.
El estudio se organiza en tres capítulos: el primero aborda el contexto histórico, Cartagena en los años 30; el segundo titulado Ciudad y Memoria, donde se analiza la estructura de la ciudad siguiendo a Kevin Lynch. El último capítulo desarrolla tres rutas: la política, destacando el Arsenal y el Ayuntamiento; la cultural con el Ateneo y la Universidad Popular y por último la ruta carcelaria con el viejo Penal, el Castillo de San Julián y la Cárcel de San Antón.
don de la siesta
Authors: Sánchez de la Peña Víctor 
Published: November 2021

Miguel Ángel Hernández aborda la siesta como una resistencia en lo cotidiano. Incluyendo teoría, literatura, arte y autobiografía (pues el autor se nos presenta como un buen practicante de estas siestas), nos vemos sumergidos en un mapa de referencias sobre el sesteo que son miradas desde la situación actual de crisis sanitaria. Su escritura tiene la capacidad de, alguna forma, bajar a nuestros contextos, creando en el lector una sensación de común, de lazos culturales y vínculos sociales marcados por la necesidad de volver a pensar desde este momento de descanso colectivo (aunque cada uno lo practique en su casa) tras el mediodía. En esta reseña nos centraremos especialmente en su forma de entrelazar este ejercicio de memoria en primera persona con referencias artísticas y teóricas, siendo coherente con un formato de escritura basado en anotaciones mucho más horizontales y abiertas que una investigación rigurosamente acotada.
Miguel Ángel Hernández approaches the nap as a resistance in the everyday. Including theory, literature, art and autobiography (as the author presents himself as a good practitioner of these naps), we are immersed in a map of references on napping that are looked at from the current health crisis situation. His writing has the capacity to come down to our contexts, creating in the reader a sense of commonality, of cultural ties and social links marked by the need to rethink from this moment of collective rest (even if each one practices it at home) after midday. In this review we will focus especially on his way of interweaving this exercise of first-person memory with artistic and theoretical references, being coherent with a writing format based on annotations that are much more horizontal and open than a rigorously bounded investigation.
An International Comparison of Enablers of Individual Readiness for Change: The Case of Executives Working in France, GCC and India
Authors: Saïd Karim , Nair Abhilash S. 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this paper is to examine the components that foster individual readiness for organizational change. To address this question, we conducted an international comparison of the perception of managers at different levels of organizational hierarchy. This research employed a quantitative survey research design administrated to two hundred and fifty-six employees, in different hierarchical levels in organizations, from France, GCC (Arab states of the Gulf Cooperation Council) and India enrolled in several executive training programs. Our research supports the idea the perception of the change process unlike the context of change is a significant determinant of employees’ readiness for change. The study controls for key individual antecedents of change readiness. Accordingly, we have shown that readiness for change may vary according to nationality and hierarchical position of an individual. We conclude that successful implementation of change cannot be reached without a need for change being established, which can be triggered and nurtured through the appropriate change management processes.
Quartz Reinforced Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composites: Preparation and Characterization
Authors: Das Sujan Kanti , Nath Mithun Rani , Das Rajib Chandra , Mondal Manas , Bhowmik Snahasis 
Published: November 2021

Compression molding has produced quartz-reinforced polyester composites (QPCs) weighing 10 to 40 per cent quartz relative to the weight of unsaturated polyester resin. Synergistic changes were made in the composite properties and were superior to those of the individual components. The composite's physical and mechanical properties such as bulk density, water absorption , tensile strength, flexural strength, hardness have illustrated the competency of the composite being developed. It was found that for the resultant composite examined, the percentage of water absorption is very small. However, when quartz content were increased, water absorption grew very slowly. Enhancement of mechanical properties strongly corresponds to strong adhesion force of quartz with the matrix and it influenced by well-disperse quartz particles on the whole surface of composite. This paper also performed thermal characterization of the composites. Because of these remarkable properties, as prepared composite can find applications in packaging, fuel cell, solar cell, structural materials and households purposes.
Importance of Variability Pattern Analysis for Malnutrition Information Score to Improve Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Zubair Muhammed , Khan Shakeel , Khalid Usman , Kashif khan Muhammed 
Published: November 2021

Background: Morbidity and mortality envisaged by chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a health menace throughout the world. Complications, incidence, prevalence, the impact of dietary recommendations, risk factors, outcome, and management strategies have not been rationalized due to several adversities resulting in escalated death rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate and establish a malnutrition information score (MIS) as a means of ease of CKD prevention and progression. MIS underlies the consistencies in findings through MIS show higher values can be corroborated to recommend the augmentation parameters in utilizing MICS techniques and other healthcare types of equipments.
Methods: A randomized, non-biased sampling of patients presenting to dialysis unit with their maintenance schedule program in the nephrology department of Medical Unit-3 of PIMS, Islamabad were introspected for inclusions. Personal history, BSF thickness and MAC values were measured, and MAMC was calculated by = MAC – (3.1416 x TSF). The study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology, PIMS, Islamabad for a duration of six months.
Results: The study conducted across 59 male patients and 33female patients indicate that males are more susceptible to CKD than females as evidenced by clinical stability of 67%. Appetite loss, degree of severity, Co-morbidity, BMI, MIS range, and clinical stability status of 100 study participants show variable indices indicating the stress on personal and family history of the patients. MIS pose as an indicator for determining the apt Malnutrition-Inflammation Complex Syndrome (MICS) and other types of equipments for treating CKD.
Conclusion: CKD patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis analyzed for dietary balance affirm the utility of MIS in determining the MICS and other types of healthcare equipments indirectly in ensuring reduction in morbidity and mortality.
Microbial Load in Kitchen Dish Wash Scrubber
Authors: Harini P. , Muralidharan N. P. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Kitchen sponges are most commonly used cleaning equipment. These sponges were heavily contaminated with the microorganisms which acts as a carrier of food borne diseases. It provides favourable conditions for the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms. It acts as a reservoir of pathogens and a vector of cross contamination. Proper sanitization techniques must be followed to avoid cross contamination.
Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the microbial load in used kitchen dish wash scrubbers.
Materials and Method: Twenty dish wash scrubbers were collected in a sterile disposable container. Moisture was removed by drying the scrubber. The procedures were conducted after 5 days. Measured the weight of the scrubber weighing 1 gram and soaked it in 500 ml of sterile saline for 30 minutes, agitated it and transferred 10 microliter to the media. And identified the organisms by the growth characters on the media for the possible pathogens.
Result: From the growth characters the organisms identified were Coliform, Bacillus and Staphylococcus.
Conclusion: This study showed that scrubbers were not clean and were at increased risk of food poisoning. Kitchen sponges were highly contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria which might be transferred from the overall kitchen environment to food contact surfaces and consequently cause food contamination.
An Overview on Etiology, Diagnosis and Management of Ovarian Dermoied Cyst: Simple Review Article
Authors: Hamad Morcy Hesham Mohamed , L. Alanazi Feryal Ayed , Oqla Alanazi Waad Mohammed , Awwad Alanazi Marwa Mutlaq , Aldahmshi Haifa Suaylm Khalaf 
Published: November 2021

The most common neoplastic ovarian lesions in teens are mature cystic teratomas (MCTs) or dermoid cysts. Little is known about the cause of dermoid cysts. Elevated levels of estrogen and progesterone have been suggested to stimulate the sebum components of these tumors, which may explain why MCTs grow after puberty and stop growing after menopause. MCTs are often asymptomatic and are randomly identified during examination or diagnostic imaging. MCTs show a special appearance during ultrasonography. Most studies suggest that most ovarian dermoid cysts can be successfully treated surgically using laparoscopic surgery. Reduced adhesion formation is one of the benefits of laparoscopic treatment for dermoid cysts. Studies also suggest that laparoscopy causes less blood loss. Less hospitalization and less postoperative pain. And there are fewer postoperative problems than the laparotomy approach. In this article, we will look at the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of dermoid cysts in the ovary.
Public’s Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Related to Hypertension
Authors: Ahmed Nehad J. , Alrawili Abdulrahman S. , Alkhawaja Faisal Z. , Alanazi Othman S. 
Published: November 2021

Aim: The present study aimed to describe the public’s knowledge and beliefs on hypertension and its treatment in Saudi Arabia.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study included a survey was used to collect demographic data of the respondents and the response to the main questions of the survey that were close-ended questions.
Results: Most of the respondents agreed that aging (81.17), family history (74.06%), smoking (69.46%), eating fatty foods (80.33), and overweight (83.26%) are risk factors of developing hypertension. Additionally, more than 90% agreed that regular physical exercise reduces hypertension and 89.54% of them agreed that more salt consumption increases blood pressure.
Conclusion: The respondents had a good knowledge about hypertension and how to prevent it. But still more health education about hypertension prevention and blood pressure control was needed.