bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Leningrad School of Neo-Modernism
Authors: von Zitzewitz Josephine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Leningrad was the centre of a boom in samizdat poetry in the 1970s and home to poets such as Viktor Krivulin, Elena Shvarts, Oleg Okhapkin, Aleksandr Mironov, Sergei Stratanovskii, and their older contemporary, Leonid Aronzon. Their work is now recognized as one of the key currents in Russian postmodernism. This article surveys the points that unite the poets of this current, with particular emphasis on their intertextual relationship with Modernist poets, the understanding of the role of the poet, the significance of religious imagery, and the unofficial seminars and journals that fostered and promoted the extraordinary literary creativity of Leningrad’s unofficial culture.
The Ethics of Human-Robot Interaction and Traditional Moral Theories
Authors: Nyholm Sven 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The rapid introduction of different kinds of robots and other machines with artificial intelligence into different domains of life raises the question of whether robots can be moral agents and moral patients. In other words, can robots perform moral actions? Can robots be on the receiving end of moral actions? To explore these questions, this chapter relates the new area of the ethics of human–robot interaction to traditional ethical theories such as utilitarianism, Kantian ethics, and virtue ethics. These theories were developed with the assumption that the paradigmatic examples of moral agents and moral patients are human beings. As this chapter argues, this creates challenges for anybody who wishes to extend the traditional ethical theories to new questions of whether robots can be moral agents and/or moral patients.
Third data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program
Authors: Aihara Hiroaki , AlSayyad Yusra , Ando Makoto , Armstrong Robert , Bosch James , Egami Eiichi , Furusawa Hisanori , Furusawa Junko , Harasawa Sumiko , Harikane Yuichi , Hsieh Bau-Ching , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Ito Kei , Iwata Ikuru , Kodama Tadayuki , Koike Michitaro , Kokubo Mitsuru , Komiyama Yutaka , Li Xiangchong , Liang Yongming , Lin Yen-Ting , Lupton Robert H , Lust Nate B , MacArthur Lauren A , Mawatari Ken , Mineo Sogo , Miyatake Hironao , Miyazaki Satoshi , More Surhud , Morishima Takahiro , Murayama Hitoshi , Nakajima Kimihiko , Nakata Fumiaki , Nishizawa Atsushi J , Oguri Masamune , Okabe Nobuhiro , Okura Yuki , Ono Yoshiaki , Osato Ken , Ouchi Masami , Pan Yen-Chen , Plazas Malagón Andrés A , Price Paul A , Reed Sophie L , Rykoff Eli S , Shibuya Takatoshi , Simunovic Mirko , Strauss Michael A , Sugimori Kanako , Suto Yasushi , Suzuki Nao , Takada Masahiro , Takagi Yuhei , Takata Tadafumi , Takita Satoshi , Tanaka Masayuki , Tang Shenli , Taranu Dan S , Terai Tsuyoshi , Toba Yoshiki , Turner Edwin L , Uchiyama Hisakazu , Vijarnwannaluk Bovornpratch , Waters Christopher Z , Yamada Yoshihiko , Yamamoto Naoaki , Yamashita Takuji 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper presents the third data release of the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program (HSC-SSP), a wide-field multi-band imaging survey with the Subaru 8.2 m telescope. HSC-SSP has three survey layers (Wide, Deep, and UltraDeep) with different area coverages and depths, designed to address a wide array of astrophysical questions. This third release from HSC-SSP includes data from 278 nights of observing time and covers about 670 deg2 in all five broad-band filters (grizy) at the full depth (∼26 mag at 5σ depending on filter) in the Wide layer. If we include partially observed areas, the release covers 1470 deg2. The Deep and UltraDeep layers have $\sim\! 80\%$ of the originally planned integration times, and are considered done, as we have slightly changed the observing strategy in order to compensate for various time losses. There are a number of updates in the image processing pipeline. Of particular importance is the change in the sky subtraction algorithm; we subtract the sky on small scales before the detection and measurement stages, which has significantly reduced the number of false detections. Thanks to this and other updates, the overall quality of the processed data has improved since the previous release. However, there are limitations in the data (for example, the pipeline is not optimized for crowded fields), and we encourage the user to check the quality assurance plots as well as a list of known issues before exploiting the data. The data release website is 〈https://hsc-release.mtk.nao.ac.jp〉.
TOR promotes guard cell starch degradation by regulating the activity of β-AMYLASE1 in Arabidopsis
Authors: Han Chao , Hua Wenbo , Li Jinge , Qiao Yan , Yao Lianmei , Hao Wei , Li Ruizi , Fan Min , De Jaeger Geert , Yang Wenqiang , Bai Ming-Yi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Starch is the main energy storage carbohydrate in plants and serves as an essential carbon storage molecule for plant metabolism and growth under changing environmental conditions. The TARGET of RAPAMYCIN (TOR) kinase is an evolutionarily conserved master regulator that integrates energy, nutrient, hormone, and stress signaling to regulate growth in all eukaryotes. Here, we demonstrate that TOR promotes guard cell starch degradation and induces stomatal opening in Arabidopsis thaliana. Starvation caused by plants growing under short photoperiod or low light photon irradiance, as well as inactivation of TOR, impaired guard cell starch degradation and stomatal opening. Sugar and TOR induce the accumulation of β-AMYLASE1 (BAM1), which is responsible for starch degradation in guard cells. The plant steroid hormone brassinosteroid and transcription factor BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 play crucial roles in sugar-promoted expression of BAM1. Furthermore, sugar supply induced BAM1 accumulation, but TOR inactivation led to BAM1 degradation, and the effects of TOR inactivation on BAM1 degradation were abolished by the inhibition of autophagy and proteasome pathways or by phospho-mimicking mutation of BAM1 at serine-31. Such regulation of BAM1 activity by sugar–TOR signaling allows carbon availability to regulate guard cell starch metabolism and stomatal movement, ensuring optimal photosynthesis efficiency of plants.
Half-maximal extended Drinfel’d algebras
Authors: Sakatani Yuho 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The extended Drinfel’d algebra (ExDA) is the underlying symmetry of non-Abelian duality in the low-energy effective theory of string theory. Non-Abelian U-dualities in maximal supergravities have been studied well, but there has been no study on non-Abelian dualities in half-maximal supergravities. We construct the ExDA for half-maximal supergravities in d ≥ 4. We also find an extension of the homogeneous classical Yang–Baxter equation in these theories.
How Important is Affiliation Between Mutual Funds and Distributors for Fund Flows?
Authors: Florentsen Bjarne , Nielsson Ulf , Raahauge Peter , Rangvid Jesper 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We quantify the importance to mutual fund flows of affiliation between funds and their distributors. Bank failures create exogenous variation in retail customers’ exposure to bank-affiliated mutual funds. When a bank fails, its customers are moved to other banks that distribute their own affiliated mutual funds. Following such exogeneous bank shifts, customers sell their fund holdings and replace them with funds affiliated with their new banks. Customers react sequentially over time. After 4 years, a third of customers’ investments have been reallocated. In spite of large reallocations, investors do not end up with better-performing fund portfolios.
Update on gout management: what is old and what is new
Authors: Afinogenova Yuliya , Danve Abhijeet , Neogi Tuhina 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
The global burden of gout is rising, as are the prevalence of associated comorbidities, all-cause mortality and societal costs. In this review, we discuss recent advances in epidemiology and treatment strategies for gout.

Recent findings
Genetic factors and obesity are prominent contributors to hyperuricemia and gout, while dietary factors contribute to less variance in serum urate, though can still have some contribution to population attributable risk. A consensus statement by the Gout, Hyperuricemia and Crystal-Associated Disease Network outlined appropriate terminology regarding gout, which will aid in communication about various aspects of the disease. The 2020 American College of Rheumatology gout guideline offers comprehensive evidence-based recommendations for the management of hyperuricemia using urate-lowering therapy, prophylaxis when initiating urate-lowering therapy, treatment of gout flare and adjunctive management strategies. There is improved understanding of risk factors for allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome and well tolerated use of allopurinol in chronic kidney disease. Trial data have provided new insights regarding cardiovascular risk with febuxostat. Several new drug therapies are being tested for both urate-lowering efficacy and gout flare management.

Summary
Although there have been significant advances in understanding of risk factors and treatment approaches, gout remains suboptimally managed. There is substantial need for improving gout management efforts and gout education among patients and clinicians.
Differential Mortality Risks Associated With PM2.5 Components
Authors: Masselot Pierre , Sera Francesco , Schneider Rochelle , Kan Haidong , Lavigne Éric , Stafoggia Massimo , Tobias Aurelio , Chen Hong , Burnett Richard T. , Schwartz Joel , Zanobetti Antonella , Bell Michelle L. , Chen Bing-Yu , Guo Yue-Liang Leon , Ragettli Martina S. , Vicedo-Cabrera Ana Maria , Åström Christofer , Forsberg Bertil , Íñiguez Carmen , Garland Rebecca M. , Scovronick Noah , Madureira Joana , Nunes Baltazar , De la Cruz Valencia César , Hurtado Diaz Magali , Honda Yasushi , Hashizume Masahiro , Ng Chris Fook Cheng , Samoli Evangelia , Katsouyanni Klea , Schneider Alexandra , Breitner Susanne , Ryti Niilo R.I. , Jaakkola Jouni J.K. , Maasikmets Marek , Orru Hans , Guo Yuming , Valdés Ortega Nicolás , Matus Correa Patricia , Tong Shilu , Gasparrini Antonio 
Published: December 2021

Background:
The association between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and mortality widely differs between as well as within countries. Differences in PM2.5 composition can play a role in modifying the effect estimates, but there is little evidence about which components have higher impacts on mortality.

Methods:
We applied a 2-stage analysis on data collected from 210 locations in 16 countries. In the first stage, we estimated location-specific relative risks (RR) for mortality associated with daily total PM2.5 through time series regression analysis. We then pooled these estimates in a meta-regression model that included city-specific logratio-transformed proportions of seven PM2.5 components as well as meta-predictors derived from city-specific socio-economic and environmental indicators.

Results:
We found associations between RR and several PM2.5 components. Increasing the ammonium (NH4
+) proportion from 1% to 22%, while keeping a relative average proportion of other components, increased the RR from 1.0063 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 1.0030, 1.0097) to 1.0102 (95% CI = 1.0070, 1.0135). Conversely, an increase in nitrate (NO3
−) from 1% to 71% resulted in a reduced RR, from 1.0100 (95% CI = 1.0067, 1.0133) to 1.0037 (95% CI = 0.9998, 1.0077). Differences in composition explained a substantial part of the heterogeneity in PM2.5 risk.

Conclusions:
These findings contribute to the identification of more hazardous emission sources. Further work is needed to understand the health impacts of PM2.5 components and sources given the overlapping sources and correlations among many components.
MYTHS AND TRUTHS OF THE ASSOCIATION OF RETINAL VASCULAR OCCLUSION WITH COVID-19
Authors: Sharma Ashish , Parachuri Nikulaa , Kumar Nilesh , Romano Mario Rosario , Parolini Barbara , Ozdek Sengul , Tawfik Mohamed A. , Marashi Ameen , Kuppermann Baruch D. , Nguyen Quan Dong 
Published: December 2021

Purpose:
To critically review data published in the recent past to scrutinize a causal relationship between retinal vascular occlusion and COVID-19.

Method:
A comprehensive literature search was performed on Pubmed with the key words retinal vascular occlusion, retinal vein occlusion, retinal artery occlusion, and COVID-19.

Results:
A total of 17 case reports were published during this period, and 10 were on retinal vein occlusion and 7 on retinal artery occlusion. Most of the published reports lacked convincing evidences in one or the other aspects, such as insufficient laboratory workup or presence of multiple confounding risk factors.

Conclusion:
In this index article, strength of the data is insufficient to establish a definitive cause-and-effect relationship of retinal vascular occlusive disorders with COVID-19. Hence, clinicians can continue to manage these cases according to the standard guidelines until there are more robust evidences to support this association to alter the diagnostic and treatment modalities.
The Chinese guidelines for neoadjuvant therapy of pancreatic cancer (2020)
Authors: Zhang Taiping , Wu Wenming , Yang Yinmo , Zhao Yupei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Aiming to keep pace with the renewal of international guidelines and refine the domestic treatment system of pancreatic cancer, the Chinese Pancreatic Surgery Association, Chinese Medical Association and Pancreatic Disease Committee of China Research Hospital Association launched this Chinese guidelines for neoadjuvant therapy of pancreatic cancer (2020 edition). Based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system, the guidelines have conducted a discussion on the indication, regimen selection, therapeutic effect evaluation, pathological diagnosis, surgery strategy, etc. The guidelines have quantified the evidence level of the current clinical researches and provided recommendations for the clinical practice in neoadjuvant therapy of pancreatic cancer. The guidelines have highlighted the role of multiple disciplinary team and represented the conversion of treatment concepts in pancreatic cancer. Neoadjuvant therapy has prolonged the survival of part of pancreatic cancer patients. However, more high-quality clinical researches are in urgent need to improve the level of evidence, optimize the clinical practice, and improve the survival of patients.
Virtual visits and the use of continuous glucose monitoring for diabetes care in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Underwood Patricia , Hibben Jennifer , Gibson Jolynn , DiNardo Monica 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an increase in virtual care utilization for patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Virtual DM care requires both providers and patients to become familiar with new technology that supports home health monitoring. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is a DM technology that provides 24-hr glucose monitoring and is associated with improved clinical outcomes, including decreased rates of hypoglycemia and lower hemoglobin A1c (A1c). Continuous glucose monitoring use has increased due to ease of use and its ability to allow patients to share data with providers during virtual visits. Although the clinical benefits of CGM use are clear, many providers are overwhelmed by the various options available and large influx of data received. The purpose of this clinical case review is to provide an overview of CGM use in the virtual care setting. Various types of CGMs will be defined and an overview of the patient characteristics shown to benefit most from CGM use will be provided. Further, recommendations for improving clinic workflow when using CGM will be outlined, including strategies to handle the influx of large datasets, outlining the role of the nurse practitioner (NP) and other providers in the clinic, and organizing data for efficient and improved clinical decision making. Continuous glucose monitoring use is hallmarked to revolutionize DM care for many patients, particularly during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important that clinicians understand the nuances of CGM use and organize their virtual clinics to efficiently manage CGM users, leading to improved clinical decisions and patient outcomes.
Pathophysiology of coronavirus-19 disease acute lung injury
Authors: Camporota Luigi , Cronin John N. , Busana Mattia , Gattinoni Luciano , Formenti Federico 
Published: December 2021

Purpose of review
More than 230 million people have tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection globally by September 2021. The infection affects primarily the function of the respiratory system, where ∼20% of infected individuals develop coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) pneumonia. This review provides an update on the pathophysiology of the COVID-19 acute lung injury.

Recent findings
In patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to the intensive care unit, the PaO2/FiO2 ratio is typically <26.7 kPa (200 mmHg), whereas lung volume appears relatively unchanged. This hypoxaemia is likely determined by a heterogeneous mismatch of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion, mainly associated with immunothrombosis, endothelialitis and neovascularisation. During the disease, lung weight, elastance and dead space can increase, affecting respiratory drive, effort and dyspnoea. In some severe cases, COVID-19 pneumonia may lead to irreversible pulmonary fibrosis.

Summary
This review summarises the fundamental pathophysiological features of COVID-19 in the context of the respiratory system. It provides an overview of the key clinical manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia, including gas exchange impairment, altered pulmonary mechanics and implications of abnormal chemical and mechanical stimuli. It also critically discusses the clinical implications for mechanical ventilation therapy.
Efficacy of Electroacupuncture Compared With Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation for Severe Chronic Constipation
Authors: Zeng Yuxiao , Chen Feng 
Published: December 2021

Background
To treat severe chronic constipation, both electroacupuncture (EA) therapy and transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) are safe and effective, but there is a lack of comparison between the 2 treatments. We sought to compare the therapeutic effect of EA relative to TES for the treatment of severe chronic constipation.

Methods:
We conducted a pilot randomized controlled trial. Seventy participants with severe chronic constipation were randomly allocated to the EA group or TES group. The acupoints in both groups are bilateral Tianshu (stomach 25), Fujie (spleen 14), and Shangjuxu (stomach 37). Each participant received 24 sessions of EA or TES during the treatment period of 8 weeks. Outcome measures were the proportion of participants with an increase from baseline of 1 or more complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBMs) at week 8 and changes in the number of CSBMs and spontaneous bowel movements, stool character, difficulty in defecation, Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL); the proportion of participants using rescue medicine and adverse reactions. Participants were followed for 24 weeks after the treatment.

Results:
Sixty of the 70 eligible participants completed the whole trial, 32 participants (91.43%) in the EA group and 28 participants (80.00%) in the TES group. There were 10 participants (14.29%) who dropped out during the whole study, 3 (8.57%) in the EA group, and 7 (20.00%) in the TES group. At weeks 20 and 32, 22 of 32 (68.75%) and 19 of 32 (59.38%) in the EA group met the clinical outcome of an increase of 1 or more CSBMs from the baseline, compared with 10 of 28 (35.71%) and 9 of 28 (32.14%) in the TES group (P=0.019 and 0.042, respectively). At the same time, the proportions of participants having 3 or more CSBMs per week were 18 of 32 (56.25%) and 15 of 32 (46.88%) in the EA group, respectively, compared with 6 of 28 (21.43%) and 5 of 28 (17.86%) in the TES group (P=0.008 and 0.027, respectively). Statistical differences between the 2 groups were maintained in the change from baseline in CSBMs during the follow-up period (P=0.007 and 0.013, at week 20 and 32, respectively) and in the change from baseline in spontaneous bowel movements at week 20 (P=0.007). Statistical significance was also observed in the decrease of PAC-QOL score after 8 weeks of treatment (mean±SD, EA: 19.06±14.41 vs. TES: 12.48±9.13, P=0.031). No significant difference was noted between the 2 groups in defecation difficulty, stool character, and the use of rescue medicine.

Conclusions:
For the treatment of severe chronic constipation, EA performed better than TES in long-term follow-up and improving the quality of life. TES could be a better choice for patients with severe chronic constipation who are afraid of acupuncture because it is noninvasive. Well-designed and more rigorous clinical trials with larger sample sizes are needed.
Predictors of survival in portopulmonary hypertension: a 20-year experience
Authors: Aggarwal Manik , Li Manshi , Bhardwaj Abhishek , Wallace William D. , Wang Xiaofeng , Carey William D. , Dweik Raed A. , Heresi Gustavo A. , Tonelli Adriano R. 
Published: December 2021

Background and objectives
Portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) is a rare complication of portal hypertension associated with poor survival. Scarce data is available on predictors of survival in PoPH with conflicting results. We sought to characterize the outcomes and variables associated with survival in a large cohort of patients with PoPH in an American population of patients.

Study design and methods
We identified PoPH patients from the Cleveland Clinic Pulmonary Hypertension Registry between 1998 and 2019. We collected prespecified data, particularly focusing on hepatic and cardiopulmonary assessments and tested their effect on long-term survival.

Results
Eighty patients with PoPH with a mean ± SD age of 54 ± 10 years, (54% females) were included in the analysis. The median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease with sodium (MELD-Na) score was 13.0 (10.0–18.0) at PoPH diagnosis. World Health Association functional class III-IV was noted in 57%. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was 47 ± 10 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance 6.0 ± 2.8 Woods units. A total of 63 (78.5%) patients were started on pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)-specific treatment during the first 6 months of diagnosis. Survival rates at 1-, 3- and 5-year were 77, 52 and 34%, respectively. Cardiopulmonary hemodynamics as well as PAH-specific treatment did not affect survival. In the multivariable model, MELD-Na, resting heart rate and the presence of hepatic encephalopathy were independent predictors of survival.

Conclusion
PoPH patients have poor 5-year survival which is strongly associated to the severity of underlying liver disease and not to the hemodynamic severity of PoPH; therefore efforts should be focused in facilitating liver transplantation for these patients.
Pseudo-Central Pontine Myelinolysis
Authors: Rumschlag Matthew , Prahlow Joseph A. , Castellani Rudolph J. , Fisher-Hubbard Amanda O. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Central pontine myelinolysis is most commonly associated with rapid correction of hyponatremia and has historically been associated with alcoholism. In this case report, 2 deaths with gross findings of central pontine lesions led to the possibility that CPM may have been a potential mechanism of death. Subsequent analysis revealed that these lesions were incidental findings. This case report discusses the importance of appropriate microscopic and immunohistochemical analysis of suspected CPM cases.