bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical image analysis of multiple myeloma based on convolutional neural network
Authors: He Jinxia , Zhang Kaifeng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe staging diagnosis of multiple myeloma is conducive to the treatment of patients and can improve the survival rate of patients. In particular, the early diagnosis of multiple myeloma is more helpful to the cure of patients. However, multiple myeloma has a slow onset. Due to no obvious symptoms in the early stage, it is easily misdiagnosed. Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been used in medical image detection to improve diagnosis efficiency. However, because of the slow onset of multiple myeloma in the early stage, how to segment diagnosis is a difficult point, which leads to less studies on the application of CNN algorithm in multiple myeloma. In order to fill this gap, a large number of existing multiple myeloma imaging data was used to construct a CNN model, and input the retained case image data into the constructed CNN to verify the accuracy of the neural network. The results showed that the accuracy rate of the neural network model constructed in this study was 0.87, which was higher than the accuracy rate of manual detection of 0.77. Therefore, it can be proved that the CNN model established in this paper is effective. At the same time, it is found that the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to classify and classify multiple myeloma has a high accuracy rate. Our results prove that the neural network algorithm can be applied to MRI analysis, which helps to improve the efficiency of multiple myeloma diagnosis.
Long‐term fluctuations in density of two species of caddisfly from south‐east Australia and the importance of density‐dependent mortality
Authors: Marchant Richard 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe long‐term dynamics of freshwater insect populations have attracted little interest. The aim of this study was to examine the recruitment, larval mortality and reproductive output of two species of bivoltine caddisfly,Tasimia palpata(Tasimiidae) andAgapetus kimminsi(Glossosomatidae). In the Cumberland River in south‐western Victoria, both species displayed summer and winter generations and their grazing larvae occupied the same rock surfaces. Ten consecutive generations of these species were monitored to determine which life‐history phases were density dependent. If direct density dependence occurs, mortality during a phase of the life cycle should be positively correlated with the density of individuals entering that phase.Quantitative samples (21 each month) were taken from April 2004 to March 2009 along a 190 m reach. Mean density (R1, numbers/m2) at the beginning of a generation represented the density of larval recruits. Density when pupal density was highest represented mean density at the end of a generation (R2, numbers/m2). Densities of eggs laid (S, numbers/m2) by each generation were determined from pupal densities (P, numbers/m2), development time of pupae and egg numbers per female.The relationship between the number of recruits (R1) and egg density (S) was modelled using a Ricker stock‐recruitment curve. In this model, K1or ln (S/R1), a measure of mortality, is a linear function of S. To extend the analysis to the rest of the life cycle K2(ln [R1/R2]; larval mortality) and K3(ln [R2/P]; mortality during pupation) were calculated. K2and K3were correlated against R1and R2, respectively, to determine whether these sources of mortality were related to starting densities.The Ricker curve forT. palpatawas an excellent fit and K1was correlated with S (r = 0.96,p = 0.03). K2was unrelated to R1(r = 0.05,p = 0.78), but K3was correlated with R2(r = 0.98,p = 0.005). Thus, population regulation ofT. palpataoccurred during recruitment and pupation, i.e. the reproductive phases of its life cycle.The Ricker curve was a poor fit forA. kimminsiand K1was unrelated to S (r = 0.56,p = 0.29). However, K2was correlated with R1(r = 0.92,p = 0.05), but K3was unrelated to R2(r = 0.04,p = 0.84).A. kimminsithus showed density‐dependent mortality during its larval phase. Its larval mortality was also positively correlated with R1ofT. palpata(r = 0.88,p = 0.0008), increasing as the strength of eachT. palpatageneration increased. This suggests competition occurred between the species, most probably related to food or feeding. For both species, K values were unrelated to water temperature or discharge.The populations of the two species were not affected by strong population movements (i.e. immigration or emigration). If such movements had been substantial, they would have disrupted the K values and obscured the density‐dependent trends.
Retrospective analysis of wood anatomical traits and tree‐ring isotopes suggests site‐specific mechanisms triggering Araucaria araucana drought‐induced dieback
Authors: Puchi Paulina F. , Camarero J. Julio , Battipaglia Giovanna , Carrer Marco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn 2010–2018, Northern Patagonia featured the longest severe drought of the last millennium. This extreme dry spell triggered widespread growth decline and forest dieback. Nonetheless, the roles played by the two major mechanisms driving dieback, hydraulic failure and carbon starvation, are still not clear and understudied in this seasonally dry region. Here, for the 1800–2017 period, we apply a retrospective analysis of radial growth, wood anatomical traits (lumen area, cell‐wall thickness) and δ13C and δ18O stable isotopes to assess dieback causes of the iconic conifer Araucaria araucana. We selected three stands where declining (defoliated) and nondeclining (not defoliated) trees coexisted along a precipitation gradient from the warm‐dry Coastal Range to the cool‐wet Andes. At all sites declining trees showed lower radial growth and lower theoretical hydraulic conductivity, suggesting a long‐lasting process of hydraulic deterioration in their water transport system compared to nondeclining, coexisting trees. Wood anatomical traits evidenced that this divergence between declining and nondeclining trees started at least seven decades before canopy dieback. In the drier stands, declining trees showed higher water‐use efficiency (WUE) throughout the whole period, which we attributed to early stomatal closure, suggesting a greater carbon starvation risk consistent with thinner cell walls. In the wettest stand, we found the opposite pattern. Here, a reduction in WUE coupled with thicker cell walls suggested increased carbon assimilation rates and exposure to drought‐induced hydraulic failure. The δ18O values indicated different strategies of gas exchange between sites, which are likely a consequence of microsite conditions and water sources. Multiproxy, retrospective quantifications of xylem anatomical traits and tree‐ring isotopes provide a robust tool to identify and forecast, which stands or trees will show dieback or, on the contrary, which will likely withstand and be more resilient to future hotter droughts.
Cardiac adiposity as a modulator of cardiovascular disease in HIV
Authors: Bonou Maria , Kapelios Chris J. , Protogerou Athanase D. , Mavrogeni Sophie , Aggeli Constantina , Markousis‐Mavrogenis George , Psichogiou Mina , Barbetseas John 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundWith the number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) steadily increasing, cardiovascular disease has emerged as a leading cause of non‐HIV related mortality. People living with HIV (PLWH) appear to be at increased risk of coronary artery disease and heart failure (HF), while the underlying mechanism appears to be multifactorial. In the general population, ectopic cardiac adiposity has been highlighted as an important modulator of accelerated coronary artery atherosclerosis, arrhythmogenesis and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Cardiac adiposity is also strongly linked with obesity, especially with visceral adipose tissue accumulation.AimsThis review aims to summarize the possible role of cardiac fat depositions, assessed by imaging modalities,as potential contributors to the increased cardiac morbidity and mortality seen in PLWH, as well as therapeutic targets in the current ART era.Materials & MethodsReview of contemporary literature on this topic.DiscussionDespite antiretroviral therapy (ART), PLWH have evidence of persistent, HIV‐related systemic inflammation and body fat alterations. Cardiac adiposity can play an additional role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in the HIV setting. Imaging modalities such as echocardiography, cardiac multidetector computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance have demonstrated increased adipose tissue. Studies show that high cardiac fat depots play an additive role in promoting coronary artery atherosclerosis and HFpEF in PLWH. Systemic inflammation due to HIV infection, metabolic adverse effects of ART, adipose alterations in the ageing HIV population, inflammation and immune activation are likely important mechanisms for adipose dysfunction and disproportionately occurrence of ectopic fat depots in the heart among PLWH.ConclusionsHigh cardiac adiposity seems to plays an additive role in promoting coronary artery atherosclerosis and HFpEF in PLWH. The underlying mechanisms are multiple and warrant further investigation. Improved understanding of the regulating mechanisms that increase cardiovascular risk in HIV infection may give rise to more tailored therapeutic strategies targeting cardiac fat depots.
Effects of initial α‐phase content on properties of pressureless solid‐state sintered SiC ceramics
Authors: Malik Rohit , Kim Young‐Wook 
Published: September 2021

Abstractα‐ and β‐SiC starting powders of similar particle sizes were used to investigate the effect of initial α‐phase content on the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of pressureless solid‐state sintered (PSS) SiC ceramics with B4C and C additives. For β‐SiC starting powders, a coarse‐grained microstructure with elongated platelet grains was formed by the transformation of 3C to 6H and finally to 4H‐SiC phase. In contrast, materials prepared from α‐SiC powders exhibited a fine‐grained microstructure with platelet grains. This study revealed the beneficial effect of α‐SiC starting powders in achieving low electrical resistivity and high thermal conductivity in PSS SiC ceramics, which was attributable to their higher sinterability, lower impurity content, and lower 6H to 4H‐SiC phase transformation rate compared with β‐SiC powders. The electrical resistivity decreased by an order of magnitude and the thermal conductivity increased by 32% with an increase in initial α‐phase content from 0 to 100%. The flexural strength increased by approximately 16% with increasing initial α‐phase content due to a decreased flaw size with decreasing grain size. However, the fracture toughness and hardness were insensitive to the change in initial α‐phase content.
Exposure assessment in the Serbian population and occurrence of histamine and heavy metals in fish and seafood
Authors: Petrovic Jelena , Jovetic Milica , Štulić Milica , Vujadinović Dragan , Lorenzo José M. , Iammarino Marco , Djekic Ilija V. , Tomasevic Igor 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to conduct a quantitative exposure assessment of fish‐borne histamine, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in the Serbian adult population. The consumption survey of fish/fishery products was administered to 1 000 respondents during 2018. Determination of histamine content was performed on 974 fish; cadmium on 1 909, mercury on 1 911 and arsenic on 1 891 fish and seafood samples during five years (2014–2018). Monte Carlo analysis was used to estimate the intake of histamine/heavy metals from consumption of fish. The mean estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of fish‐borne histamine, cadmium, mercury and arsenic by the Serbian adult population were 0.0274 mg kg−1 bw/day, 0.0347 μg kg−1 bw/day, 0.2426 μg kg−1 bw/day and 0.5576 μg kg−1 bw/day, respectively. Due to consumption of fish/seafood, 0.04% of the Serbian population are exposed to histamine, 0.05% to cadmium, 15.42% to mercury and 1.24% to arsenic levels over their respective thresholds.
Silencing long non‐coding RNA DLX6‐AS1 or restoring microRNA‐193b‐3p enhances thyroid carcinoma cell autophagy and apoptosis via depressing HOXA1
Authors: Feng Ling , Wang Ru , Wang Yifan , Shen Xixi , Shi Qian , Lian Meng , Ma Hongzhi , Fang Jugao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLong non‐coding RNA DLX6 antisense RNA 1 (DLX6‐AS1) lists a critical position in thyroid carcinoma (TC) development. However, the overall comprehension about DLX6‐AS1, microRNA (miR)‐193b‐3p and homeobox A1 (HOXA1) in TC is not thoroughly enough. Concerning to this, this work is pivoted on DLX6‐AS1/miR‐193b‐3p/HOXA1 axis in TC cell growth and autophagy. TC tissues and adjacent normal thyroid tissues were collected, in which expression of DLX6‐AS1, miR‐193b‐3p and HOXA1 was tested, together with their interactions. TC cells were transfected with DLX6‐AS1/miR‐193b‐3p‐related oligonucleotides or plasmids to test cell growth and autophagy. Tumorigenesis in nude mice was observed. DLX6‐AS1 and HOXA1 were up‐regulated, and miR‐193b‐3p was down‐regulated in TC. Depleted DLX6‐AS1 or restored miR‐193b‐3p disturbed cell growth and promoted autophagy. DLX6‐AS1 targeted miR‐193b‐3p and positively regulated HOXA1. miR‐193b‐3p inhibition mitigated the impaired tumorigenesis induced by down‐regulated DLX6‐AS1. Tumorigenesis in nude mice was consistent with that in cells. It is clear that DLX6‐AS1 depletion hinders TC cell growth and promotes autophagy via up‐regulating miR‐193b‐3p and down‐regulating HOXA1.
Quantum dots‐based fluorescence immunoassay for detection of tiamulin in pork
Authors: Zhou Jingming , Zhang Xiaoli , Qian Wenjing , Yang Qingbao , Qi Yanhua , Chen Yumei , Wang Aiping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTiamulin (TML) is a kind of diterpenoid veterinary antibiotic. If abused, it will cause residues in edible tissues of animals and endanger human health. Thus, a facile, sensitive, and accurate method is essential for TML detection. In this study, TML complete antigen was synthesized by oximation and active ester method, and monoclonal antibodies with high specificity and sensitivity were prepared. ZnCdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) coupled with goat anti‐mouse IgG were used as a fluorescence detection probe to establish indirect competitive fluorescent immunosorbent assay (icFLISA) for the determination of TML in pork. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the icFLISA was 0.069 ng/ml, and the limits of detection (LOD) were 0.309 pg/ml. The recovery of the spiked pork samples for the icFLISA ranged from 85.6 to 96.8%, and the coefficient of variation (CV) was less than 9.4%. The results showed that the icFLISA based on ZnCdSe/ZnS QDs was more sensitive than the traditional indirect competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of TML in edible animal tissues.
Nurses' experiences of using restraint in neurosurgical care – A qualitative interview study
Authors: Guenna Holmgren Amina , Juth Niklas , Lindblad Anna , von Vogelsang Ann‐Christin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAim and objectivesTo describe nurses' experiences of using restraint in neurosurgical care.BackgroundDespite reports of negative consequences, and conflicts with key values in healthcare, restraint measures are still practised in somatic healthcare worldwide. When using restraint, basic principles of nursing collide, creating dilemmas known to be perceived as difficult for many nurses. Patients in neurosurgical care are at high risk of being subjected to restraint, but research on nurses' experiences of using restraint in neurosurgical care are scarce.DesignA qualitative, descriptive design guided by a naturalistic inquiry was used.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews with 15 nurses working in three neurosurgical departments in Sweden were analysed with inductive qualitative content analysis. COREQ reporting guidelines were used as reporting checklist.ResultsThe analysis resulted in one overarching theme, The struggling professional, and two categories. The category Internal struggle describes nurses' conflicting emotions and internal struggle when engaging in restraint. The category The struggle in clinical practice, describes how nurses struggle with handling restraint in clinical practice, and how the use of restraint is based on individual assessment rather than guidelines.ConclusionNurses' experience restraint in neurosurgical care as a multi‐layered struggle, ranging from inner doubts to practical issues. In order to enhance patient safety, there is a need for policies and guidelines regarding the use of restraint, as well as structured discussions and reflections for nurses engaged in the practice.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results highlight the importance of clear guidelines, openness, support and teamwork for nurses working with patients at risk to be subjected to restraint, in order to create a safer care for patients as well as healthcare personnel. When developing guidelines and policies concerning restraint in somatic care, both practical issues such as the decision‐making process, and the emotional effect on nurses should be considered.
The effect of per os vs subcutaneous123iodine administration on percentage thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake in normal cats
Authors: Cosford Kevin , Snead Elisabeth , Hutcheson Matt , Sukut Sally 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundHistorical and recent literature disagree on whether a higher PO131I dosage, compared to IV or SC routes, is required for successful resolution of spontaneous hyperthyroidism in cats, necessitating investigation into the effect of PO and injectable radioactive iodine administration on % thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU).Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of PO and SC routes of123I administration on paired % thyroidal RAIU in euthyroid cats. Specifically, a 1.5‐fold difference (50% relative change) was hypothesized, which in absolute terms can be expressed as a 3.25% increase in the mean %RAIU of 7.04% after PO123I administration to 10.56% after SC dosing.AnimalsSeven healthy euthyroid teaching‐research colony cats.MethodsA randomized, radiologist‐blinded crossover study comparing %RAIU after PO and SC123I administration.ResultsPercentage thyroidal RAIU values (mean ± SD; 95% confidence interval) after PO (4.81% ± 1.63%; 3.30%‐6.23%) and SC (5.26% ± 2.43%; 3.01%‐7.51%)123I administration were associated with a median within‐pair absolute difference of 0.2% (range: min, 0.1%‐max, 4.9%). Statistical significance was not achieved (P  =  .45). Six of 7 cats had a within‐pair absolute difference of 0.1% to 0.9% (relative change of 4%‐20%), but a single outlier cat had a within‐pair absolute difference of 4.9% (relative change of 108%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThis study did not detect an effect of123I administration route on paired % thyroidal RAIU in euthyroid cats. However, a type 2 statistical error due to small sample size is possible.
Retrospective study on the use of lidocaine constant rate infusions for the treatment of ileus in ruminants and camelids
Authors: Yau Katie , Halleran Jennifer , Boileau Melanie , Foster Derek 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLimited knowledge exists regarding the use of lidocaine as a prokinetic in ruminants and camelids to treat gastrointestinal ileus. In this retrospective study, ruminant and camelid cases diagnosed with ileus and treated with a lidocaine constant rate of infusion were assessed for adverse reactions and medical outcomes. A review of medical records was performed to identify cases in which lidocaine was administered as a prokinetic. Ten cases were identified consisting of 8 cattle, 1 goat, and 1 alpaca. Nine animals improved with a lidocaine treatment. No adverse effects were reported during lidocaine administration. Nine animals were discharged, and 1 was euthanized.
Are immigrants outbred and unrelated? Testing standard assumptions in a wild metapopulation
Authors: Dickel Lisa , Arcese Peter , Nietlisbach Pirmin , Keller Lukas F. , Jensen Henrik , Reid Jane M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractImmigration into small recipient populations is expected to alleviate inbreeding and increase genetic variation, and hence facilitate population persistence through genetic and/or evolutionary rescue. Such expectations depend on three standard assumptions: that immigrants are outbred, unrelated to existing natives at arrival, and unrelated to each other. These assumptions are rarely explicitly verified, including in key field systems in evolutionary ecology. Yet, they could be violated due to non‐random or repeated immigration from adjacent small populations. We combined molecular genetic marker data for 150–160 microsatellite loci with comprehensive pedigree data to test the three assumptions for a song sparrow (Melospiza melodia)population that is a model system for quantifying effects of inbreeding and immigration in the wild. Immigrants were less homozygous than existing natives on average, with mean homozygosity that closely resembled outbred natives. Immigrants can therefore be considered outbred on the focal population scale. Comparisons of homozygosity of real or hypothetical offspring of immigrant‐native, native‐native and immigrant‐immigrant pairings implied that immigrants were typically unrelated to existing natives and to each other. Indeed, immigrants’ offspring would be even less homozygous than outbred individuals on the focal population scale. The three standard assumptions of population genetic and evolutionary theory were consequently largely validated. Yet, our analyses revealed some deviations that should be accounted for in future analyses of heterosis and inbreeding depression, implying that the three assumptions should be verified in other systems to probe patterns of non‐random or repeated dispersal and facilitate precise and unbiased estimation of key evolutionary parameters.
Differences in acne therapy prescribing patterns between dermatologists and pediatricians: A population‐based study
Authors: Jones Madison E. , Pourali Sarah P. , Kohn Alison H. , Gutierrez Yasmin , Rajkumar Jeffrey R. , Armstrong April W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAcne is a common skin condition that may be treated by both dermatologists and pediatricians. However, the treatments provided by dermatologists and pediatricians may differ. We aimed to describe acne therapy prescribing patterns of dermatologists and pediatricians.MethodsWe performed a population‐based, cross‐sectional analysis using data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 2006 to 2016 for pediatric patients (age ≤ 18 years).ResultsThere were approximately 30.5 million (weighted) outpatient acne visits between 2006 and 2016 for pediatric patients; 52% of visits were conducted by dermatologists, 29% by pediatricians, and 19% by other providers. Compared to pediatricians, dermatologists saw older patients (mean age 15.5 ± 0.12 vs 13.5 ± 0.35; P < .001), as well as a higher proportion of white patients (92.5% vs 76.3%; P < .001), non‐Hispanic patients (89.5% vs 81.6%; P < .001), and patients with private insurance (84.6% vs 67.8%; P < .001). Compared to patients seen by dermatologists, patients seen by pediatricians were 68% less likely to receive topical retinoids (aOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.22‐0.46), 38% less likely to receive topical antibiotics (aOR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41‐0.95), and 48% less likely to receive oral antibiotics (adjusted aOR 0.52, 95% CI 0.36‐0.75).ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that pediatricians prescribe topical retinoids, topical antibiotics, and oral antibiotics less frequently compared to dermatologists. It is important to understand these differences in prescribing patterns for acne and to identify potential educational gaps.