bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The health and suffering scale: Item reduction, reliability and validity among women undergoing rehabilitation for exhaustion and long‐lasting pain
Authors: Gebhardt Anja , Langius‐Eklöf Ann , Andermo Susanne , Arman Maria 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the necessity of an item reduction and to evaluate estimates of dimensionality, reliability and validity of the Health and Suffering Scale among two groups of women, one undergoing rehabilitation for exhaustion and long‐lasting pain and one reference group.DesignPsychometric evaluation of the scale using cross‐sectional data.MethodThe Health and Suffering Scale is a self‐report scale which measures perceived suffering in relation to health on a semantic visual analogue scale. Classical and modern test theory were applied for item reduction and to explore estimates of reliability and validity.ResultsThe Health and Suffering Scale was found to be unidimensional, nine of originally twenty items were part of a consistent factor structure and hierarchical order. These items were internally consistent, discriminated between patients and healthy respondents, and had an excellent level of separation of individuals experiencing various levels of health and suffering. Re‐test reliability estimates were moderate.
A Pragmatic Study Evaluating NEPA Versus Aprepitant for Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Patients Receiving Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy
Authors: Zelek Laurent , Debourdeau Philippe , Bourgeois Hugues , Wagner Jean Philippe , Brocard Fabien , Lefeuvre-Plesse Claudia , Chauffert Bruno , Leheurteur Marianne , Bachet Jean-Baptiste , Simon Hélène , Mayeur Didier , Scotté Florian 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Neurokinin (NK) 1 receptor antagonists (RAs), administered in combination with a 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 (5-HT3) RA and dexamethasone (DEX), have demonstrated clear improvements in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) prevention over a 5-HT3RA plus DEX. However, studies comparing the NK1RAs in the class are lacking. A fixed combination of a highly selective NK1RA, netupitant, and the 5-HT3RA, palonosetron (NEPA), simultaneously targets two critical antiemetic pathways, thereby offering a simple convenient antiemetic with long-lasting protection from CINV. This study is the first head-to-head NK1RA comparative study in patients receiving anthracycline cyclophosphamide (AC) and non-AC moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC).

Materials and Methods
This was a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized, single-cycle, open-label, prospective study designed to demonstrate noninferiority of single-dose NEPA to a 3-day aprepitant regimen in preventing CINV in chemotherapy-naive patients receiving AC/non-AC MEC in a real-life setting. The primary efficacy endpoint was complete response (no emesis/no rescue) during the overall (0–120 hour) phase. Noninferiority was achieved if the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference between NEPA and the aprepitant group was greater than the noninferiority margin set at −10%.

Results
Noninferiority of NEPA versus aprepitant was demonstrated (risk difference 9.2%; 95% CI, −2.3% to 20.7%); the overall complete response rate was numerically higher for NEPA (64.9%) than aprepitant (54.1%). Secondary endpoints also revealed numerically higher rates for NEPA than aprepitant.

Conclusion
This pragmatic study in patients with cancer receiving AC and non-AC MEC revealed that a single dose of oral NEPA plus DEX was at least as effective as a 3-day aprepitant regimen, with indication of a potential efficacy benefit for NEPA.

Implications for Practice
In the absence of comparative neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor antagonist (RA) studies, guideline committees and clinicians consider NK1RA agents to be interchangeable and equivalent. This is the first head-to-head study comparing one NK1RA (oral netupitant/palonosetron [NEPA]) versus another (aprepitant) in patients receiving anthracycline cyclophosphamide (AC) and non-AC moderately emetogenic chemotherapy. Noninferiority of NEPA versus the aprepitant regimen was demonstrated; the overall complete response (no emesis and no rescue use) rate was numerically higher for NEPA (65%) than aprepitant (54%). As a single-dose combination antiemetic, NEPA not only simplifies dosing but may offer a potential efficacy benefit over the current standard-of-care.
Plasma Cell-Free DNA Genotyping: From an Emerging Concept to a Standard-of-Care Tool in Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Gray Jhanelle , Thompson Jeffrey C. , Carpenter Erica L. , Elkhouly Ehab , Aggarwal Charu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) genotyping is an alternative to tissue genotyping, particularly when tissue specimens are insufficient or unavailable, and provides critical information that can be used to guide treatment decisions in managing patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this article, we review the evolution of plasma cfDNA genotyping from an emerging concept, through development of analytical methods, to its clinical applications as a standard-of-care tool in NSCLC.The number of driver or resistance mutations recommended for testing in NSCLC continues to increase. Because of the expanding list of therapeutically relevant variants, comprehensive testing to investigate larger regions of multiple genes in a single run is often preferable and saves on time and cost, compared with performing serial single-gene assays. Recent advances in nucleic acid next-generation sequencing have led to a rapid expansion in cfDNA genotyping technologies. Analytic assays that have received regulatory approval are now routinely used as diagnostic companions in the setting of metastatic NSCLC. As the demand for plasma-based technologies increases, more regulatory approvals of cfDNA genotyping assays are expected in the future.Plasma cfDNA genotyping is currently aiding oncologists in the delivery of personalized care by facilitating matching of patients with targeted therapy and monitoring emergence of resistance to therapy in NSCLC. Further advances currently underway to increase assay sensitivity and specificity will potentially expand the use of plasma cfDNA genotyping in early cancer detection, monitoring response to therapy, detection of minimal residual disease, and measurement of tumor mutational burden in NSCLC.Implications for PracticePlasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) genotyping offers an alternative to tissue genotyping, particularly when tissue specimens are insufficient or unavailable. Advances in cfDNA genotyping technologies have led to analytic assays that are now routinely used to aid oncologists in the delivery of personalized care by facilitating matching of patients with targeted therapy and monitoring emergence of resistance to therapy. Further advances underway to increase assay sensitivity and specificity will potentially expand the use of plasma cfDNA genotyping in early cancer detection, monitoring response to therapy, detection of minimal residual disease, and evaluation of tumor mutational burden in non-small cell lung cancer.
Use of a mobile app to capture supplemental health information during pregnancy: Implications for clinical research
Authors: Rothschild Claire W. , Dublin Sascha , Brown Jeffrey S. , Klasnja Predrag , Herzig‐Marx Chayim , Reynolds Juliane S. , Wyner Zachary , Chambers Christina , Martin David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeMobile applications (“apps”) may be efficient tools for improving the quality of clinical research among pregnant women, but evidence is sparse. We assess the feasibility and generalizability of a mobile app for capturing supplemental data during pregnancy.MethodsIn 2017, we conducted a pilot study of the FDA MyStudies mobile app within a pregnant population identified through Kaiser Permanente Washington (KPWA), an integrated healthcare delivery system. We ascertained health conditions, medications, and substance use through app‐based questionnaires. In a post‐hoc analysis, we utilized electronic health records (EHR) to summarize sociodemographic and health characteristics of pilot participants and, for comparison, a pregnant population identified using similar methods.ResultsSix percent (64/1070) of contacted women enrolled in the pilot study. Nearly half (23/53) reported taking medication for headaches and one‐fourth for constipation (13/53) and nausea (12/53) each. Few instances (2/92) of over‐the‐counter medication use were identified in electronic dispensing records. One‐quarter to one‐third of participants with depression and anxiety/panic, respectively, reported recently discontinuing medications for these conditions. Eighty‐eight percent of pilot participants reported White race (95%CI: 81–95%), versus 67% of the comparison population (N = 2065). More pilot participants filled ≥1 prescription for antianxiety medication (22% [95%CI: 13–35%]) and antidepressants (19% [95%CI 10–31%]) pre‐pregnancy than the comparison population (10 and 9%, respectively).ConclusionsMobile apps may be a feasible tool for capturing health data not routinely available in EHR. Pregnant women willing to use a mobile app for research may differ from the general pregnant population, but confirmation is needed.
On the diversity of F420‐dependent oxidoreductases: A sequence‐ and structure‐based classification
Authors: Mascotti María Laura , Juri Ayub Maximiliano , Fraaije Marco W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe F420 deazaflavin cofactor is an intriguing molecule as it structurally resembles the canonical flavin cofactor, although behaves as a nicotinamide cofactor due to its obligate hydride‐transfer reactivity and similar low redox potential. Since its discovery, numerous enzymes relying on it have been described. The known deazaflavoproteins are taxonomically restricted to Archaea and Bacteria. The biochemistry of the deazaflavoenzymes is diverse and they exhibit great structural variability. In this study a thorough sequence and structural homology evolutionary analysis was performed in order to generate an overarching classification of the F420‐dependent oxidoreductases. Five different deazaflavoenzyme Classes (I–V) are described according to their structural folds as follows: Class I encompassing the TIM‐barrel F420‐dependent enzymes; Class II including the Rossmann fold F420‐dependent enzymes; Class III comprising the β‐roll F420‐dependent enzymes; Class IV which exclusively gathers the SH3 barrel F420‐dependent enzymes and Class V including the three layer ββα sandwich F420‐dependent enzymes. This classification provides a framework for the identification and biochemical characterization of novel deazaflavoenzymes.
PDA@Ti3C2Tx as a novel carrier for pesticide delivery and its application in plant protection: NIR‐responsive controlled release and sustained antipest activity
Authors: Wu Wenneng , Wan Minghui , Fei Qiang , Tian Yu , Song Saijie , Shen He , Shen Jian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDStimuli‐responsive pesticide controlled release system provides a new strategy for the development of high‐efficiency pesticides formulation.RESULTSIn this article, we report a novel polydopamine surface modified MXene‐Ti3C2Tx nanocarrier for pesticide delivery and plant protection. Polydopamine modified Ti3C2Tx (PDA@Ti3C2Tx) nanocarrier was prepared by biomimetic self‐polymerization of dopamine on the surface of Ti3C2Tx. A typical pesticide, emamectin benzoate (EB), was loaded on PDA@Ti3C2Tx through physisorption process, with a high pesticide loading rate of 45.37%. PDA@Ti3C2Tx exhibited excellent photothermal conversion effect (η = 34.5%). Under the irradiation of near‐infrared (NIR) laser, EB would sustained release from PDA@Ti3C2Tx nanocarrier to surrounding medium. Compared with free EB, EB@PDA@Ti3C2Tx exhibited prolonged persistence period, which can keep antipest activity at 14 days post spraying. In addition, PDA@Ti3C2Tx nanocarrier and EB@PDA@Ti3C2Tx nanoformulation are of good safety, showing no side effect to the seed germination and seedling growth.CONCLUSIONThis research developed a novel nanocarrier for water‐insoluble pesticide delivery, realizing NIR‐responsive controlled release and sustained antipest activity.
First evidence for thermal tolerance benefits of the bacterial symbiont Cardinium in an invasive whitefly, Bemisia tabaci
Authors: Yang Kun , Yuan Meng‐Ying , Liu Ying , Guo Chen‐Liang , Liu Tong‐Xian , Zhang You‐Jun , Chu Dong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBACKGROUDCardinium symbiont is a maternally inherited bacterial endosymbiont and widely spreads in arthropods including Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). However, the potential role of Cardinium played in the biology of their hosts is largely unknown. In two genetic lines (i.e. LS and SG lines) of B. tabaci MED, collected from different locations in China, we tested the effects of Cardinium on the performance of the host whitefly under a constant high temperature (31 °C) using the age‐stage two‐sex life table method, and explored the genes influenced by Cardinium‐infection by RNA‐sequencing.RESULTSWe found that Cardinium did provide protection of B. tabaci against heat stress under 31 °C. However, there was a significant connection between Cardinium‐infection and whitefly genetic backgrounds. Performance revealed that Cardinium infection can increase the longevity of both female and male adults and oviposition periods in both lines, but it also conferred benefits of fecundity and pre‐adult period to LS line. Additionally, the population parameters such as intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (T) demonstrated that Cardinium infection conferred fitness benefits to LS line but not to SG line. Transcriptome analysis indicated that several genes related to homeostasis and metamorphosis such as ubiquitin‐related genes were highly expressed in Cardinium‐infected B. tabaci.CONCLUSIONThe research provided the first evidence that Cardinium can increase the thermal tolerance of whitefly, which may be associated with host genetic background.
Sarcopenic obesity and the risk of hospitalization or death from coronavirus disease 2019: findings from UK Biobank
Authors: Wilkinson Thomas J. , Yates Thomas , Baker Luke A. , Zaccardi Francesco , Smith Alice C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The role of skeletal muscle mass in modulating immune response is well documented. Whilst obesity is well established as a key factor in COVID‐19 and outcome, no study has examined the influence of both sarcopenia (low muscle mass) and obesity, termed ‘sarcopenic obesity’ on the risk of severe COVID‐19.MethodsThis study uses data from UK Biobank. Probable sarcopenia was defined as low handgrip strength. Sarcopenic obesity was mutually exclusively defined as the presence of obesity and low muscle mass [based on two established criteria: appendicular lean mass (ALM) adjusted for either (i) height or (ii) body mass index]. Severe COVID‐19 was defined by a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 test result in a hospital setting and/or death with a primary cause reported as COVID‐19. Fully adjusted logistic regression models were used to analyse the associations between sarcopenic status and severe COVID‐19. This work was conducted under UK Biobank Application Number 52553.ResultsWe analysed data from 490 301 UK Biobank participants (median age 70.0 years, 46% male); 2203 (0.4%) had severe COVID‐19. Individuals with probable sarcopenia were 64% more likely to have had severe COVID‐19 (odds ratio 1.638;P < 0.001). Obesity increased the likelihood of severe COVID‐19 by 76% (P < 0.001). Using either ALM index or ALM/body mass index to define low muscle mass, those with sarcopenic obesity were 2.6 times more likely to have severe COVID‐19 (odds ratio 2.619;P < 0.001). Sarcopenia alone did not increase the risk of COVID‐19.ConclusionsSarcopenic obesity may increase the risk of severe COVID‐19, over that of obesity alone. The mechanisms for this are complex but could be a result of a reduction in respiratory functioning, immune response, and ability to respond to metabolic stress.
Ultrahigh Adsorption Capacity and Kinetics of Vertically Oriented Mesoporous Coatings for Removal of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Liu Yupu , Wang Jinxiu , Teng Wei , Hung Chin‐Te , Zhai Yunpu , Shen Dengke , Li Wei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHighly efficient removal of organic pollutants currently is a main worldwide concern in water treatment, and highly challenging. Here, vertically oriented mesoporous coatings (MCs) with tunable surface properties and pore sizes have been developed via the single‐micelle directing assembly strategy, which show good adsorption performances toward a wide range of organic pollutants. The micelle size and structure can be precisely regulated by oil molecules based on their n‐octanol/water partition coefficients (Log P) in the oil–water diphase assembly system, which are critical to the pore size and pore surface property of the MCs. The affinity and steric effects of the MCs can be on‐demand adjusted, as a result, the MCs show a ultrahigh adsorption capacity (263 mg g−1), surface occupancy ratio (≈41.92%), and adsorption rate (≈10.85 mg g−1 min−1) for microcystin‐LR, which is among the best performances up to date. The MCs also show an excellent universality to remove organic pollutants with different properties. Moreover, overcoming the challenges proposed by particulate absorbents, the MCs are stable and can be easily regenerated and reused without secondary contamination. This work paves a new route to the synthesis of high‐quality MCs for water purification.
Aliovalent‐Ion‐Induced Lattice Regulation Based on Charge Balance Theory: Advanced Fluorophosphate Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Full Batteries
Authors: Gu Zhen‐Yi , Guo Jin‐Zhi , Sun Zhong‐Hui , Zhao Xin‐Xin , Wang Xiao‐Tong , Liang Hao‐Jie , Zhao Bo , Li Wen‐Hao , Pan Xiu‐Mei , Wu Xing‐Long 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere are still many problems that hinder the development of sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), including poor rate performance, short‐term cycle lifespan, and inferior low‐temperature property. Herein, excellent Na‐storage performance in fluorophosphate (Na3V2(PO4)2F3) cathode is achieved by lattice regulation based on charge balance theory. Lattice regulation of aliovalent Mn2+ for V3+ increases both electronic conductivity and Na+‐migration kinetics. Because of the maintaining of electrical neutrality in the material, aliovalent Mn2+‐introduced leads to the coexistence of V3+ and V4+ from charge balance theory. It decreases the particle size and improves the structural stability, suppressing the large lattice distortion during cathode reaction processes. These multiple effects enhance the specific capacity (123.8 mAh g−1), outstanding high‐rate (68% capacity retention at 20 C), ultralong cycle (only 0.018% capacity attenuation per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1 C) and low‐temperature (96.5% capacity retention after 400 cycles at −25 °C) performances of Mn2+‐induced Na3V1.98Mn0.02(PO4)2F3 when used as cathode in SIBs. Importantly, a feasible sodium‐ion full battery is assembled, achieving outstanding rate capability and cycle stability. The strategy of aliovalent ion‐induced lattice regulation constructs cathode materials with superior performances, which is available to improve other electrode materials for energy storage systems.
Extracellular Vesicle Nanoarchitectonics for Novel Drug Delivery Applications
Authors: Sharma Shayna , Masud Mostafa Kamal , Kaneti Yusuf Valentino , Rewatkar Prarthana , Koradia Aayushi , Hossain Md. Shahriar A. , Yamauchi Yusuke , Popat Amirali , Salomon Carlos 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) can transfer intercellular messages in various (patho)physiological processes and transport biomolecules to recipient cells. EVs possess the capacity to evade the immune system and remain stable over long periods, identifying them as natural carriers for drugs and biologics. However, the challenges associated with EVs isolation, heterogeneity, coexistence with homologous biomolecules, and lack of site‐specific delivery, have impeded their potential. In recent years, the amalgamation of EVs with rationally engineered nanostructures has been proposed for achieving effective drug loading and site‐specific delivery. With the advancement of nanotechnology and nanoarchitectonics, different nanostructures with tunable size, shapes, and surface properties can be integrated with EVs for drug loading, target binding, efficient delivery, and therapeutics. Such integration may enable improved cellular targeting and the protection of encapsulated drugs for enhanced and specific delivery to target cells. This review summarizes the recent development of nanostructure amalgamated EVs for drug delivery, therapeutics, and real‐time monitoring of disease progression. With a specific focus on the exosomal cargo, diverse drug delivery system, and biomimetic nanostructures based on EVs for selective drug delivery, this review also chronicles the needs and challenges of EV‐based biomimetic nanostructures and provides a future outlook on the strategies posed.
Unveiling the Role of Li+ Solvation Structures with Commercial Carbonates in the Formation of Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: He Jian , Wang Huaping , Zhou Qing , Qi Shihan , Wu Mingguang , Li Fang , Hu Wei , Ma Jianmin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSolid electrolyte interphase (SEI), determined by the components of electrolytes, can endow batteries with the ability to repress the growth of Li dendrites. Nevertheless, the mechanism of commercial carbonates on in situ‐generated SEI and the consequential effect on cycling performance is not well understood yet, although some carbonates are well used in electrolytes. In this work, quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics are used to reveal the formation mechanisms of SEI with carbonate‐based electrolyte additives on the atomic level. It is confirmed that the Li‐coordinated carbonate species are the leading participant of SEI formation and their impact on battery performance is clarified. Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) exhibits a completely different behavior from vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), ethylene carbonate (EC), and vinylene carbonate (VC). High reduction potential Li+‐coordinated additives, e.g. FEC and VEC can dominate the formation of SEI by excluding propylene carbonate (PC) and LiPF6 from the decomposition, and the corresponding Li||Li symmetric cells show enhanced long‐term performance compared with those with pure PC electrolyte, while the low reduction priority additives (e.g., EC and VC) cannot form a uniform SEI by winning the competitive reaction.
Severity of neurological signs in feline hypertensive encephalopathy may be reflected through brain histopathological lesions
Authors: Baka Rania D. , Soubasis Nektarios , Oevermann Anna , Koutinas Christos K. , Polizopoulou Zoe S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHypertensive encephalopathy (HE) was diagnosed in two aged cats with chronic kidney disease. The cause for admission was generalised epileptic seizures, with severe, interictal neurological dysfunction (dementia, locomotor dysfunction, cranial nerve deficits). Both cats had systolic hypertension (SH) (180‐220 mm Hg), bilateral retinal detachment, non‐regenerative anaemia and moderate renal azotaemia. Both cats died. Gross lesions were apparent in one cat consisting of white matter oedema in the parietal and temporal lobe and a focal area of malacia. Histopathological examination of brain tissue revealed bilateral severe oedema and astrocytic gliosis in the corona radiata, basal nuclei, thalamus and piriform lobe of both cats. Extensive hyaline and hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis, perivascular plasma exudation and haemorrhages were present throughout the meninges and neuroparenchyma. Histopathological findings reflected the severity of neurological deficits. This could indicate that the severity of the brain lesions is associated with the neurological manifestations of HE.