bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In silico investigation of biomechanical response of a human subjected to primary blast
Authors: Sutar Sunil , Ganpule S. G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe response of the brain to the explosion induced primary blast waves is actively sought. Over the past decade, reasonable progress has been made in the fundamental understanding of bTBI using head surrogates and animal models. Yet, the current understanding of how blast waves interact with the human is in nascent stages, primarily due to lack of data in humans. The biomechanical response in human is critically required so that connection to the aforementioned bTBI models can be faithfully established. Here, using a detailed, full-body human model, we elucidate the biomechanical cascade of the brain under a primary blast. The input to the model is incident overpressure as achieved by specifying charge mass and standoff distance through ConWep. The full-body model allows to holistically probe short- (<5 ms) and long-term (200 ms) brain biomechanical responses. The full-body model has been extensively validated against impact loading in the past. In this work, we validate the head model against blast loading. We also incorporate structural anisotropy of the brain white matter. Blast wave human interaction is modeled using a conventional weapon modeling approach. We demonstrate that the blast wave transmission, linear and rotational motion of the head are dominant pathways for the biomechanical loading of the brain, and these loading paradigms generate distinct biomechanical fields within the brain. Blast transmission and linear motion of the head govern the volumetric response, whereas the rotational motion of the head governs the deviatoric response. We also observe that blast induced head rotation alone produces a diffuse injury pattern in white matter fiber tracts. Lastly, we find that the biomechanical response under blast is comparable to the impact event. These insights will augment laboratory and clinical investigations of bTBI and help devise better blast mitigation strategies.
A method for estimating scheduled and manual override heating behaviour and settings from measurements in low energy UK homes
Authors: Bruce-Konuah Adorkor , Jones Rory V. , Fuertes Alba 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a methodology for estimating scheduled and manual override heating events and heating settings from indoor air temperature and gas use measurements in UK homes.Design/methodology/approachLiving room air temperature and gas use data were measured in ten UK homes built to low energy standards. The temperature measurements are used to establish whether the central heating system is turned on or off and to estimate the heating setpoint used. The estimated heating periods are verified using the homes' average daily gas consumption profiles.FindingsUsing this method, the average number of heating periods per day was 2.2 (SD = 0.8) on weekdays and 2.7 (SD = 0.5) on weekends. The weekday mean heating duration was 8.8 h and for weekends, it was 9.8 h. Manual overrides of the settings occurred in all the dwellings and added an average of 2.4 h and 1.5 h to the heating duration on weekdays and weekends respectively. The mean estimated setpoint temperatures were 21.2 and 21.4°C on weekdays and weekends respectively.Research limitations/implicationsManual overrides of heating behaviours have only previously been assessed by questionnaire survey. This paper demonstrates an alternative method to identifying these manual override events and responds to a key gap in the current body of research that little is currently reported on the frequency and duration of manual heating overrides in UK homes.Practical implicationsThe results could be used to better inform the assumptions of space heating behaviour used in energy models in order to more accurately predict the space heating energy demands of dwellings.Originality/valueManual overrides of heating behaviours have only previously been assessed by questionnaire survey. This paper demonstrates an alternative method to identifying these manual override events and responds to a key gap in the current body of research that little is currently reported on the frequency and duration of manual heating overrides in UK homes.
Optimal deep recurrent neural network for sentiment grade classification
Authors: Jasti Sireesha 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Internet has endorsed a tremendous change with the advancement of the new technologies. The change has made the users of the internet to make comments regarding the service or product. The Sentiment classification is the process of analyzing the reviews for helping the user to decide whether to purchase the product or not.

Design/methodology/approach
A rider feedback artificial tree optimization-enabled deep recurrent neural networks (RFATO-enabled deep RNN) is developed for the effective classification of sentiments into various grades. The proposed RFATO algorithm is modeled by integrating the feedback artificial tree (FAT) algorithm in the rider optimization algorithm (ROA), which is used for training the deep RNN classifier for the classification of sentiments in the review data. The pre-processing is performed by the stemming and the stop word removal process for removing the redundancy for smoother processing of the data. The features including the sentiwordnet-based features, a variant of term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) features and spam words-based features are extracted from the review data to form the feature vector. Feature fusion is performed based on the entropy of the features that are extracted. The metrics employed for the evaluation in the proposed RFATO algorithm are accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity.

Findings
By using the proposed RFATO algorithm, the evaluation metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity and specificity are maximized when compared to the existing algorithms.

Originality/value
The proposed RFATO algorithm is modeled by integrating the FAT algorithm in the ROA, which is used for training the deep RNN classifier for the classification of sentiments in the review data. The pre-processing is performed by the stemming and the stop word removal process for removing the redundancy for smoother processing of the data. The features including the sentiwordnet-based features, a variant of TF-IDF features and spam words-based features are extracted from the review data to form the feature vector. Feature fusion is performed based on the entropy of the features that are extracted.
Does information technology governance strengthen or weaken contract control in digital platform relationships?
Authors: Yang Qian , Qian Liping , Zhao Xiande 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThis study investigates both direct and moderation effects of two dimensions of contract control and information technology governance on platform participants' financial performance.Design/methodology/approachUsing data collected from 384 platform participants from China's two largest digital platforms, hierarchical regression is used to validate the conceptual model and hypotheses.FindingsThe empirical results show that contract completeness and information technology governance independently improved financial performance, while contract enforcement had an inverted U-shaped effect on financial performance. Furthermore, information technology governance amplified the positive effect of contract completeness, but not of contract enforcement, on financial performance.Originality/valueThis study advances the literature on partnership control by showing the interactive role of information technology governance and contract control. It also enriches research on information technology usage by revealing how information technology governance benefits business partnerships. Finally, it extends transaction cost theory by demonstrating that different dimensions of contracts have different effects on governing interfirm relationships.
Female directors on corporate boards and their impact on corporate social responsibility (CSR): evidence from China
Authors: Khidmat Waqas Bin , Habib Muhammad Danish , Awan Sadia , Raza Kashif 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine the determinants of the female representations on Chinese listed firm’s boards. This study also investigates the effect of gender diversity on corporate social responsibility activities.

Design/methodology/approach
The Tobit regression model is used because the data is censored and using ordinary least square regression can give spurious results. For robust check, the authors also used Heckman’s (1979) two-stage self-selection model to remove the sample self-selection bias.

Findings
The authors find that the female representations on the corporate board are positively associated with firm age, firm performance, corporate governance, family ownership, institutional ownership and managerial ownership while negatively related to firm size and state ownership. This study also incorporates predictors of the critical mass of women on the Chinese listed firm’s board. The study also tests the female-led hypothesis and concludes that the female representation increases in firms with female chief executive officer (CEO) or female chairpersons. The Chinese listed firms with gender-diverse board are socially responsible.

Research limitations/implications
The importance of diversity in corporate boards has been demonstrated in light of the agency theory and the resource dependence framework. The results contribute to the previous literature by documenting the determinants of female representations on board, robust by alternative measures of gender diversity, firm size, corporate governance and estimation techniques.

Practical implications
The economic significance of gender diversity stirred the firms to increase female representation. The policymakers can understand the reasons for female underrepresentation in Chinese boards and can reform the regulation to enhance governance quality, non-state ownership and risk aversion among the listed firms.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the key predictor of the world’s largest emerging economy, specifically the study focuses on the firm specific determinants, different governance attributes, ownership structure and firm risk measures. This study also seeks to answer if the presence of a female in the Chairperson or CEO position encourages the firms to hire more female directors or not?
Your best buds are worth protecting: Variation in bud protection in a fire‐prone cerrado system
Authors: Chiminazzo Marco Antonio , Bombo Aline Bertolosi , Charles‐Dominique Tristan , Fidelis Alessandra 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSpecies growing in fire‐prone savannas usually persist by resprouting from their buds. In this study, we evaluated how various persistence traits allow bud protection for improved survival in fire‐prone ecosystems.Using an integrative morphological and macroanatomical approach, we analysed how woody plants protect their buds. We tested bud protection at the community level and evaluated: (a) how bud protection changes along a fire frequency gradient, (b) if it differs between shrubs and trees and (c) whether the level of bud protection is related to post‐fire responses of 28 woody savanna species.A mix of traits involving bud protection may enable woody species persistence in fire‐prone ecosystems. Savanna species better protected their buds than forest species by developing bark and trichomes that allowed resprouting after fire. Regarding growth forms, shrub species capable of resprouting above‐ground had their buds better protected than trees.Bud protection is not only linked with their position to the bark, but also with the presence of trichomes. Profuse trichomes covering buds were related to savanna species. Some species with no bud protection by bark but with trichomes covering their buds were able to resprout after fire. The presence of accessory buds is also a trait more related to savannas, possibly influencing the resprouting after fire as they are better protected and increase the bud bank. Finally, different persistence traits interact with one another to better protect the buds, requiring a detailed screening of the traits to assess species responses to fire.Synthesis. During fire, species have their aerial biomass consumed by the flames. To be able to resprout new branches and persist in the environment, they must have well‐protected buds. In this study, we evaluated different ways that woody species protect their buds and related them with their resprouting strategy after fire. We investigated the protection by the bark, the presence of trichomes and accessory buds. By studying the woody community in a gradient of savannas and forests we found that buds can be protected by bark, trichomes or soil. Species can present a mix of these traits and strategies, which enhances their resprouting after fire.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Protein homeostasis, regulation of energy production and activation of DNA damage‐repair pathways are involved in the heat stress response of Pseudogymnoascus spp.
Authors: Abu Bakar Nurlizah , Lau Benjamin Yii Chung , Smykla Jerzy , Karsani Saiful Anuar , Alias Siti Aisyah 
Published: September 2021

SummaryProteome changes can be used as an instrument to measure the effects of climate change, predict the possible future state of an ecosystem and the direction in which is headed. In this study, proteomic and gene ontology functional enrichment analysis of six Pseudogymnoascus spp. isolated from various global biogeographical regions were carried out to determine their response to heat stress. In total, 2122 proteins were identified with high confidence. Comparative quantitative analysis showed that changes in proteome profiles varied greatly between isolates from different biogeographical regions. Although the identities of the proteins that changed varied between the different regions, the functions they governed were similar. Gene ontology analysis showed enrichment of proteins involved in multiple protective mechanisms, including the modulation of protein homeostasis, regulation of energy production and activation of DNA damage and repair pathways. Our proteomic analysis did not show any clear relationship between protein changes and the strains' biogeographical origins.
Social mobilization and political change in countries governed by the left: The cases of Argentina and Brazil
Authors: Natalucci Ana , Ferrero Juan Pablo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper analyses the socio‐political dynamics after the financial crash in two countries governed by the left, Argentina and Brazil. Whilst the economic crisis had an effect on the general distributive capacity of leftwing coalitions, it remains unclear why the political resolution of such a crisis adopted anti‐regime features in Brazil and the form of an institutional alternation of power in Argentina. Our aim is to understand the new socio‐political dynamics and their implications in the crisis of the left turn, especially the relationship between social mobilization and political change in the context of Argentina and Brazil. In doing so, the paper contributes to the growing body of literature interested in the intersections between social movements and the state. Based on the analysis of original qualitative and quantitative data on social protests events in both countries 2011–2015, the paper suggests that the complexity of changes in the socio‐political dynamics can be captured by looking at three dimensions of the problem: grammar of mobilization, social imaginaries, and political representation. The main argument is that the different types of left turn strategy developed in both countries affected in turn the responses to the economic crisis and the new cycle of mobilization. The kirchnerist's movimentista strategy in Argentina contrasted with the demobilizing strategy of the PT in Brazil. Whilst the former contributed to channel the high and polarized levels of activism within the polity, the latter resulted in the crisis of the long cycle of political representation opened with the transition to democracy.
Establishing determinants and quality indicators for getting home alive following moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: the Australian Traumatic Brain Injury National Data Project
Authors: O'Reilly Gerard M , Curtis Kate , Kim Yesul , Rushworth Nick , Mitra Biswadev , Tee Jin , Hunter Kate , Ryder Courtney , Hendrie Delia , Fitzgerald Mark C 
Published: September 2021

AbstractModerate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) contributes to a significant burden across Australia. However, the data required to inform targeted equitable system‐level improvements in emergency TBI care do not exist. The incidence and determinants of outcomes following moderate to severe TBI in Australia remain unknown. The variation in the impact of moderate to severe TBI, according to patient demographics and injury mechanism, is poorly defined. The Australian Traumatic Brain Injury National Data Project will lead to a clear understanding, across Australia and pre‐specified subgroups (including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples), of the incidence, determinants and impact of priority outcomes following moderate to severe TBI, including survival to discharge home. Furthermore, this project will establish a set of national clinical quality indicators for patients experiencing a moderate to severe TBI. The Australian Traumatic Brain Injury National Data Project will inform where to target emergency care system‐wide improvements. Without baseline data, efforts are wasted.
Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for uveal melanoma: Long‐term outcome and control rates
Authors: van Beek Jackelien G. M. , van Rij Caroline M. , Baart Sara J. , Yavuzyigitoglu Serdar , Bergmann Michael J. , Paridaens Dion , Naus Nicole C. , Kiliç Emine 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeThe aim of our study is to evaluate local tumour control rates, radiation side‐effects, visual preservation and disease‐free survival (DFS) of uveal melanoma (UM) patients treated with fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (fSRT).MethodsA retrospective study of UM patients, who were treated with fSRT (N = 189), was performed by the Rotterdam Ocular Melanoma Study group (ROMS), the Netherlands, between 1999 and 2014 with a follow‐up of at least 5 years.ResultsThe 1‐, 3‐, 5‐, 10‐ and 15‐year local tumour control rates were as follows: 99.4%, 92.8%, 92.2%, 89.3% and 89.3%, respectively. Cataract (67.8%) was the most common side‐effect of fSRT followed by retinopathy (35.1%), maculopathy (23.8%), vitreous haemorrhage (20.1%), neovascular glaucoma (NVG) (20.0%) and optic neuropathy (12.4%). Patients with anterior located UMs developed cataract more frequently (p = 0.047, multivariable analysis). By multivariable analysis, significant factors for secondary enucleation were tumour recurrence (p < 0.001) and NVG (p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, risk factors for a worse DFS were larger UM (p = 0.024) and tumours with subretinal fluid (SRF) at baseline (p = 0.038). The 5‐year DFS was 77.0% and the best corrected visual acuity decreased significantly after treatment. After 5 years, 22.0% of patients and after 10 years 17.6% of patients had a visual acuity of ≤0.3 logMAR.ConclusionFractionated stereotactic radiotherapy is a good treatment option for small‐, medium‐ and large‐sized tumours with 5‐year local tumour control of 92.2%. After 5 years, 22.0% of the patients had a good vision. Independently of tumour location, the visual acuity decreased significantly after treatment. Overall, the 5‐year DFS was 77.0%.
Multi‐organ dysfunction scoring in neonatal encephalopathy (MODE Score) and neurodevelopmental outcomes
Authors: Sweetman Deirdre Una , Strickland Tammy , Isweisi Eman , Kelly Lynne , Slevin Marie Therese , Donoghue Veronica , Meehan Judith , Boylan Geraldine , Murphy John Finbar Anthony , El‐Khuffash Afif , Molloy Eleanor J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimNeonatal encephalopathy (NE) is associated with an increased risk of multi‐organ injury. The lack of standardised definitions for multi‐organ dysfunction in NE hinders accurate quantification of these complications.MethodsA simple multi‐organ dysfunction in neonatal encephalopathy scoring (MODE) system was created to include the cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, haematological and neurological systems with a maximum score of 15. The MODE score was then compared with the grade of NE, Bayley Scales of Infant Development (Bayley‐III) at 2 years of age and mortality. The Bayley score was used as it gave an objective score making it easier to compare the MODE score. Bayley score of <90 and/or abnormal MRI as an adverse outcome.ResultsInfants with perinatal asphyxia (PA:n = 85) were prospectively enrolled (PA only n = 9; NE I = 23; NE II = 42; NE III = 11). Infants with higher MODE scores were significantly more likely to have moderate/severe NE (NE II/III: median scores (IQR) 7(5–10) versus mild NE 2 (1–3); p‐value < 0.001) The MODE score was highly predictive of mortality (AUC 0.96, p‐value = 0.002). Infants who had an abnormal neurological examination at discharge or abnormal Bayley‐III scores had significantly higher MODE scores (p‐value = 0.001).ConclusionQuantifying multi‐organ injury is important to plan optimal early management and long‐term follow‐up. Additional use of clinical biomarkers may be useful as surrogate endpoints in future clinical trials and link to multi‐organ longer‐term developmental follow‐up.
A new formal classification for Japanese forest vegetation based on traditional phytosociological concepts
Authors: Noriyuki Masaomi , Kondo Hirofumi , Shitara Takuto , Yoshikawa Masato , Hoshino Yoshinobu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimsTo propose a comprehensive classification framework for Japanese forest vegetation, an expert system based on a traditional system was developed, using a large‐scale data set covering the whole of Japan.LocationThe entire Japanese archipelago.MethodsA data set of 12,720 vegetation plots from the National Vegetation Survey database was established. Then, an expert system for automatic hierarchical classification was developed, based on the traditional system. The classification effectiveness was verified using fidelity measures, the occurrence of traditional characteristic species, consistency with semi‐supervised K‐means and modified TWINSPAN, and the similarity between each unit. To investigate correspondence to the environmental variables, a detrended correspondence analysis with the “envfit” function was used. Additionally, the occurring taxa were collated and compared with the flora lists of areas surrounding Japan.ResultsThe Japanese forest data set was classified into 34 alliances by the expert system, and 14 orders and six classes were distinguished. Most of these units had diagnostic taxa including existing characteristic species and the heatmap of the Bray–Curtis index showed the independence of each unit, and the similarity of the plot groups assigned to the same unit. Out of 34 alliances, clustering with semi‐supervised K‐means supported 21 alliances, and modified TWINSPAN supported 16 alliances. The four classes correspond to the thermal conditions and support the existing concept of vegetation zones. The lower‐level vegetation units correspond to a narrower range of environmental variables than higher‐level units, and species composition varied with limited environmental variables. A floristic composition comparison emphasized the complexity of the species composition of Japanese forests.ConclusionsThis study proposes the first formal Japanese forest classification at the class, order, and alliance levels, reflecting traditional phytosociology systems and based on large‐scale vegetation plot data. Our classification provides an important foundation for the future revision of formal phytosociological systems throughout East Asia.