bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Fluctuations of Physicochemical Characteristics of Selected Wetlands of Kogi State, North Central, Nigeria
Authors: Ozougwu J. C. , Amana G. U. , Nwachukwu I. , Imakwu C. A. , Uzochukwu C. U. , Nwafia A. E. 
Published: September 2021

This study is aimed at determining the physicochemical characteristics of selected wetlands of Kogi State. From each sampled wetlands (Abu’ja and Egwubi), surface water was collected and examined for the following physicochemical parameters: hydrogen ion concentration, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids and temperature (0C) using Hanna meter. Dissolved oxygen was determined using dissolved oxygen meter. The data collected was analyzed using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences version 20.0, Paleontological Statistics version 3.14 and Microsoft Office. Physicochemical parameters studied were not normally distributed from test of normality. They were compared using Man-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis H nonparametric tests for comparisons between two and more than two groups respectively. In Abu’ja wetland, the temperature for all the months were similar except for January and December which were significantly cooler (p < 0.05); pH was similarly constant except for January and August (p < 0.05). Dissolved solids ranged from 95 to 118 ppm with similar values between months except in March. Mean electrical conductivity ranged from 0.15 to 0.22 ms/cm. These values were similar between months in Abu’ja. Significant fluctuation occurred in dissolved oxygen on monthly basis. In Egwubi study station, temperature ranged from 20oC to 31 oC, significant difference occurred between January and May and between September and November (p < 0.05), pH was also similar between months. Dissolved solids ranged from 26 to 90 ppm. Electrical conductivity ranged from 0.2 to 0.14 ms/cm. Significant differences only occurred between April and August (p < 0.05). Dissolved oxygen was similar throughout the study period. Our result indicated that the essential minerals and other physiochemical parameters are widely distributed but some are not within the normal range of portable water for humans. Both study wetlands showed low pollution, organic waste in Abu'ja site may be handled by autochthonous bacteria and through self purification of the water body. Nutrient levels are high in wetland habitats as wetlands have rich biomes and support high level of biodiversity. The water is suitable for irrigation and livestock consumption. The presence of the plankton is a pointer to the fact that the two wetlands possess adequate water quality for establishment of great biodiversity.
Umbilical Cord Prolapse and Perinatal Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Yenagoa, South-South Nigeria: A 5-Year Review
Authors: Oriji P. C. , Allagoa D. O. , Briggs D. C. , Chika M. N. , Ubom A. E. , Unachukwu C. E. , Atemie G. 
Published: September 2021

Background: Umbilical cord prolapse is an obstetric emergency when the foetus is still alive, and it is associated with high foetal morbidity and mortality. If umbilical cord prolapse occurs outside the hospital, mortality rate can be as high as 44% – 70%, and as low as 3% when it occurs in the hospital.
Objective: To determine the incidence of umbilical cord prolapse and the perinatal outcomes associated with it at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria over 5 years.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective survey was carried out between 1st January, 2016 and 31st December, 2020. Data were retrieved, entered into a pre-designed proforma, and analysed using IBM SPSS version 25.0. Results were presented in frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and mean and standard deviation for continuous variables.
Results: Forty-one women had umbilical cord prolapse out of 4,571 deliveries, giving a case incidence rate of 8.9 per 1,000 deliveries. About three-quarters (75.6%) of the women were multiparous. A fifth (21.9%) of the foetuses died in-utero, while 27 (65.9%) babies survived. Five (15.6%) babies had severe birth asphyxia, and died (early neonatal death) in the special care baby unit. Decision-to-delivery interval was ≤ 30 minutes in only 12.5% of patients.
Conclusion: Umbilical cord prolapse is associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. Prompt diagnosis and intervention are very key in preventing adverse perinatal outcomes.
Non-binary Nonlinear Error-correcting Codes from Finite Upper Half-planes
Authors: Silva Eduardo Brandani da , Carneiro Maycow G. , Batista Frederico Ventura 
Published: September 2021

Current work builds new families of non-binary nonlinear error-correcting codes from Finite Upper Half-Plane and p a prime number. A fundamental domain is defined to a discrete group acting over Hq. We establish some concepts and results on Hq, such that the geometric properties allow us to get codification and decodification.
Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Neem Leaves (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) on the Control of Costalimaita ferruginea (Fabricius, 1801)
Authors: Lima Roldão Carlos Andrade , Almeida Mauricélia Ferreira , Freitas Adriana de Sousa , Linhares Andressa Layane Ferreira , Neiva Bianca Pinheiro da Costa , Sousa Brunna Tavares da Silva Brito , Silva Jeferson Pereira da , Vidal Kaio Lucena , Silva Felipe Ferreira da , Santos Gabriel Alves , Lima Raylson Marcelo Fernandes de 
Published: September 2021

Aims: Evaluate the insecticidal effect of the aqueous extract of neem leaves on the control of
Costalimaita ferruginea in eucalyptus.
Place and Duration of Study: Entomology Laboratory of the Center for Agricultural Sciences (CCA) of the State University of the Tocantina Region of Maranhão (UEMASUL) between November 2016 and July 2017.
Methodology: Neem aqueous extract solutions were tested at concentrations of 40, 60 and 80%, and the control group treated with mineral water. Leaves of eucalyptus seedlings were immersed in each concentration and individualized in Petri dishes together with the insects. The design was completely randomized with four treatments and ten repetitions, each repetition consisting of a Petri dish with an insect and a eucalyptus leaf. The evaluations were carried out daily, analyzing the mortality of adults, and the leaves were replaced by others submitted to the same treatment and procedure described above.
Results: In the evaluations of 12, 60, 72 and 84 hours there was no significant difference. 36 hours after the implementation of the experiment, the 60% neem concentration resulted in 100% mortality of specimens.
Conclusion: The 60% neem concentration is the most efficient due to its rapid effect on C. ferruginea mortality and economy of raw material for production.
Determinants of Agricultural Production Diversification among Marginal and Small Farmers of Kanyakumari and Perambalur
Authors: Melba Y. , Ashok K. R. , Vidhyavathi A. , Kalaivani S. , Vennila P. 
Published: September 2021

Aims: To assess the influence of agricultural production diversity of marginal and small farmers
Study Design: Purposive Random Sampling
Place and Duration of Study: Kanyakumari and Perambalur districts in Tamil Nadu were purposefully chosen for the survey, which was conducted through primary data collection from July to August 2020.
Methodology: According to the Tamil Nadu state planning commission report 2017, Kanyakumari and Perambalur districts were chosen at random from the top five and bottom five districts of the food security index to analyze dietary diversity. The crop diversification index was calculated using the entropy index. The Tobit model is used to investigate the impact of diverse agriculture production among marginal and small farming households.
Results: The findings clearly show that, of the two districts, Perambalur has diversified more than Kanyakumari. Farmers in Perambalur district cultivate agricultural crops, whereas farmers in Kanyakumari district selected block cultivate horticultural crops, particularly plantation crops. According to the Tobit results, the number of cattle, farm size, credit available, and distance from the market all had a positive and significant influence on crop diversification. Improving female-headed household decision-making, promoting household investment and infrastructure facilities, and suggesting crop development as crop diversification measures.
Conclusion: The results conclude that farmers in Perambalur district have highly diversified cropping than Kanyakumari district.
Analysis of Versions of the RX Algorithm for Anomaly Detection in Hyperspectral Images
Authors: Dora Chinmayee , Majumdar Jharna 
Published: September 2021

Anomaly Detection with Hyper Spectral Image (HSI) refers to finding a significant difference between the background and the anomalous pixels present in the image. This paper offers a study on the Reed Xiaoli Anomaly (RXA) detection algorithm performance investigated for increasing number of spectral bands from 30, 50, 100 to all the spectral bands present in the HSI. The original RXA algorithm is formulated with Mahalanobis distance. In this study the RXA al is re-implemented with other different distance algorithms like Bhattacharya distance, Kullback-Leibler divergence, and Jeffery divergence and evaluated for any change in the performance. For the first part of investigation, the obtained results showed that the decreased number of spectral bands shows better performance in terms of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) obtained for cumulative probability values and false alarm rate. In the next part of study it is found that, the RXA algorithm with Jeffrey divergence has a comparable performance in ROC to that of the RX algorithm with Mahalanobis distance.
Comparative Assay of the Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Effect of the Cotyledon and Pulp of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit
Authors: Ezeobi Precious Uchenna , Igwilo Innocent Onyeze , Ogbodo Uchechukwu Chibuzo , Ndukwe Josiah 
Published: September 2021

Background: Chrysophyllum albidum has been widely consumed for its flesh part as a fruit snack and source of vitamins but also grossly under-utilized because of dearth of knowledge on nutritional and therapeutic potencies of other fruit parts. This study thus aimed to comparatively determine the nutritional, phytochemical and in vitro antioxidant properties of the flesh and cotyledon of C. albidum.
Methods: Proximate and phytochemical contents were determined according to the methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (2000). Mineral concentrations were evaluated using Atom Analyzer according to the protocols of AOAC (2000). Antioxidant properties were assayed through the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging, reducing power and lipid peroxidation abilities according to the methods of Barros et al (2007).
Results: Findings indicated a higher percentage contents of ash (3.83 ± 0.38), moisture (13.86 ± 0.84), crude fiber (11.07 ± 2.72) and crude protein (7.44 ± 0.44) in the flesh than the cotyledon of C. albidum, which were insignificantly different (p > 0.05). On the other hand, crude fat (13.80 ± 2.60) and total carbohydrate (64.96 ± 2.77) were found to be more in the cotyledon than the flesh but also not significantly different (p > 0.05). The mineral analysis revealed a higher but insignificantly different (p > 0.05) concentrations of iron (2.31 ± 0.22), copper (1.23 ± 0.09), zinc (2.94 ± 0.12) and potassium (1.48 ± 0.09) in the flesh than the cotyledon whereas cobalt (3.09 ± 0.92), magnesium (21.13 ± 0.58), sodium (16.27 ± 0.62) and selenium (4.24 ± 0.28) were more in the cotyledon than the flesh although insignificantly different (p > 0.05). While the flesh was observed to significantly contain high total phenol values, the cotyledon showed more significant mean values for tannin, oxalate, saponin and β-carotene than the flesh. The in vitro DPPH free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition findings indicated higher antioxidant activities in the flesh than in the seed.
Conclusion: Conclusively, the flesh and seed fruit parts of C. albidum showed considerable and significant amounts of the parameters under study, which can be further exploited for their nutritional and pharmacological essence.
Review on Connecting the Complex Dots of Environmental Problems in Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA) of Ghana
Authors: Zhou Peiguo , Ofori Meshack Appiah , Jamshidi Abdul hakim , Oduro Collins , Sarfo Isaac , Dai Zongbiao 
Published: September 2021

For years, Accra has been facing huge environmental challenges. Efficient policy frameworks coupled with prudent urban management are deemed as reasonable balance to environmental benefits. Research reveals urban areas in Ghana are confronted with the rapid loss of natural resources as urbanization increases. This synthesis report examines the ramifications of major issues faced by the Greater Accra region based on existing literature by (i) highlighting contemporary environmental problems in Accra (ii) probing into human-induced and natural factors that alterate environmental harmony in the study area (iii) discussing measures on safeguarding the environment through a sustainable approach in Accra, and (iv) presenting policy implications of environmental problems in Accra. Findings indicated urbanization, poverty and inappropriate urban planning systems influence environmental degradation in the study domain. Anthropogenic activities such as pollution and natural hazards like: flooding, drought and windstorms events have altered the physical properties of Accra. This paper reveals the assumption and execution of values to safeguard environmental resources in the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area.
Case Report on Post Operative Case of Exploratory Laparotomy for Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy with Septicemia
Authors: Raut Arati , Ankar Ruchira , Gujar Samruddhi , Pohekar Savita , Sakharkar Sheetal 
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Extra uterine pregnancy is a first-trimester pregnancy problem that affects 1.3–2.4 percent of all pregnancies. The key signs of the ectopic pregnancy are abdominal discomfort and vaginal bleeding along with Sharp, dull, or cramping pains may be experienced around 50% of the women who are suffering from ectopic pregnancy. The neglected ectopic pregnancy may results in the fallopian tube can burst, internal abdominal bleeding, shock, and serious blood loss and later complication is septicemia. As a health care professional it’s very important to manage certain complication with medical and surgical management.
Main Symptoms and/or Important Clinical Findings: A 20 years old female with post operative case of Exploratory Laparotomy admitted in A.V.B.R.H. on 14/02/2021.with chief complaints of the after undergone certain investigation she has diagnosed as Exploratory Laparotomy with septicemia as post-op complication.
The Main Diagnoses, Therapeutic Interventions, and Outcomes: A 20 years old female with post-operative Exploratory Laparotomy for Ruptured Ectopic Pregnancy operated case with septicemia, with chief complaints of acute abdominal pain, and vaginal bleeding the doctors manage her initially with I.V. fluids, antibiotics, Zonac suppository and adequate nursing management.
Nursing Perspectives: The nursing interventions initiated for managing present case are fluid replacement therapy, monitoring vital sign per hourly, monitoring the CBC reports and other investigations like USG abdomen, blood glucose levels. Maintained TPR Chart, I/O Charting, abdominal girth charting.
Conclusion: In the Present case the patient of A 20 year old female with post operative exploratory laparotomy for ruptured ectopic pregnancy with septicemia it has been managed with the therapeutic and surgical treatment ,right now the patient condition then patient has discharged on dated 22/2/21.
To Assess the Efficacy of Lactational Counseling for Prevention of Breast Engorgement
Authors: Gavhale Pradnya , Moon Shalini 
Published: September 2021

Background: Breast engorgement is a swollen, painful breast and overfilling with breast milk. In lactating mothers this condition is common during the puerperal period. Breast engorgement developed inside the breast due to expansion and pressure exerted by the synthesis and storage of breast milk. It is also a main factor in altering the ability of the infant to latch-on. Engorgement changes the shape and curvature of the nipple region by making the breast inflexible, flat, hard, and swollen. The nipples of an engorged breast are flat or inverted. Sometimes it may lead to striae on nipples, mainly a preceding symptom of mastitis.
Objective:
1.To assess the effectiveness of lactational counseling on prevention of breast engorgement
among postnatal mother.
2.To find out association between lactational counselling of breast engorgement with selected
demographic variables.
Methodology: A study will be conducted in AVBR Hospital Sawangi Meghe, Wardha. The 40 post-natal mothers will be selected as the study sample according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Sample size will calculated by using formula. In this study non probability purposive sampling technique will be used. In this study researcher will provide lactational counselling among postnatal mother after delivery. In lactational counselling researcher provide counselling regarding the importance of breastfeeding, Local breastfeeding situation, how breastfeeding works, breastfeed technique, learning exercises, health care practices, clinical practice after providing lactational counselling after that researcher will assess the breast engorgement for 4 days after the delivery of baby according to breast engorgement assessment scale. Its conclusion will made from the outcome & analysis of the study.
Study of Lipid per Oxidation and Enzymatic Antioxidant Activity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Relation with Disease Activity
Authors: Khopade Dipali , Kadam Anita , Abhang Subodhini , Suryakar Adinath 
Published: September 2021

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is one of the known Autoimmune diseases in patients with age group of 25 to 60. A significant aspect of disease development should be Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Few studies have shown an association between oxidative stress and RA disease activity. This study was therefore intended to examine whether there is a link between oxidative stress and disease activity.
Methods and Materials: This case-control study on 120 individuals was conducted. In accordance with the Disease Activity Score (30) were healthy controls with 90 RA patients in mild (30), moderate (30) and severe (30). Malondialdehyde Measured Lipid Per Oxidation (MDA). Antioxidant enzyme activities such as Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) have been also measured. A correlation coefficient was also used to evaluate the strength of the link between oxidative stress and activity of the illness.
Results: the MDA levels in all the RA subgroups were substantially higher than those in the control group, but the activity of antioxidant enzymes was significantly lower. Between Malondialdehyde Measured Lipid Per Oxidation (MDA) and Disease Activity score of 28 RA patients (DAS28) there were positive correlations.
Conclusion: Significant increase in RA patients' lipid per oxidization supports the role of oxidative stress in RA aetiology and the usage of MDA for disease control.
Effect of Relationship between Protein Oxidation and Total Thiols in Progression of Leprosy
Authors: Kadam A. D. , Khopade D. M. , Sontakke A. V. , Abhang S. A. 
Published: September 2021

Objective: In several countries including India, leprosy is an older disease & until now continuous to be an important health issue. Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease, the causative agent for which is mycobacterium leprae. Due to imbalance between natural antioxidants and oxidative stress is significant event occurs that influences the pathogenesis of leprosy. Considering this the study was carried out to find, what type of relationship between MDA, Protein carbonyl and thiols as disease advances.
Methods: 50 diagnosed leprosy patients & 50 healthy controls were included in this study. In leprosy group, 16 were Paucibacillary (PB) and 34 were Multibacillary (MB) type leprosy patients.
Results: Serum Protein carbonyl and serum Malondialdehyde increased in leprosy patients than controlling. Further analysis reveals that the serum malondialdehyde was significantly increased in MB leprosy patients than PB leprosy patients. On the other hand, our proposed system significantly lowers the total thiols in leprosy patients when compared with controls. Serum total thiols were lower in MB leprosy than PB leprosy patients. Among leprosy patients the negative correlation of Malondialdehyde with total thiol and Protein carbonyl with total thiols was observed.
Conclusion: Thus, as protein oxidation and lipid per oxidation in leprosy increases, the total thiols decreases which may lead to modifications of protein and lipids that are responsible for severity of disease hence therapy aimed at reducing generation of free radicals that can result in oxidative stress and as a result a modification of proteins and lipids.
A Study on Fish Production of Different Size of Fish Farm Groups in Prayagraj District, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Verma Ayushi , Ramchandra . 
Published: September 2021

Background: Uttar Pradesh is India’s most populous state having 1662 lakh population as per 2001 census, against 16.2% of India’s population with enough fisheries resources in the form of community ponds, tanks with dominance of rivers and man-made reservoirs. Five blocks (Koraon, Shankargarh, Karchhana, Handia, and Jasara) from Prayagraj were taken for study during the period of 1st December,2020 - 31st May,2021.
Aim: To examine the fish production of different size of fish farm groups.
Methodology: A study was conducted in the Prayagraj district of Uttar Pradesh. A total of 80 fish farmers were selected randomly from five blocks (Koraon, Shankargarh, Karchhana, Handia, and Jasara) and a pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from the fish farmers. The fish farmers were classified into three categories on the basis of the size of pond area viz. small farmer: up to 0.125 ha., medium farmer: 0.125 ha to 0.250 ha., and large farmer: above 0.250 ha.
Result: The Study showed that, various independent variables of production like fingerlings, manures, feeds, and labor were being analysed in accordance with their respective sample of fish ponds and it is concluded that all of the independent variables affected the fish production differently. Using Cobb Douglas production function, 73% variation in gross value return from explanatory variables was observed in first size-group. Effect of Improved variety fingerlings was negative and coefficient of elasticity for human labor was positive but both impacted fish production significantly. A variation of 41.6% in gross value return was observed from second size group. Human labor impacted fish production significantly and its coefficient of elasticity was positive. Further, 45.7% of variation in gross value return was in third size group. Human labor and manure both had a significant effect, and their coefficients of elasticity was positive and negative respectively. Coefficient of multiple determination was 76.6% indicating variation in gross value return from independent variable from all farm’s situations. Pond area and human labor variables had positive coefficient of elasticity but for improved fingerlings it was negative and all effected fish production significantly.
Conclusion: It was concluded that there is a need to further engage the fish farmers in the fish production practices and provide them with sufficient inputs of production like fingerlings, manures, feeds, and labor so that the farmers can boost the fish production in the study area.