bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of the weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion range of motion measurement using a smartphone goniometer application
Authors: Zunko Helena , Vauhnik Renata 
Published: September 2021

BackgroundWeight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion range of motion measurement (weight-bearing lunge test) is gaining in popularity because it mimics lower extremity function in daily physical activities. The purpose of the study is to assess the intra-rater and the inter-rater reliability of the weight-bearing ankle dorsiflexion range of motion measurement with a flexed knee using a smartphone application Spirit Level Plus installed on an Android smartphone.MethodsThirty-two young, healthy subjects participated in the study and were measured in four sessions by two examiners. One measurement was taken on each ankle in every session. Eight measurements were taken from each participant. A total of 256 were taken from all the participants. The measurements for the individual subject were repeated no sooner than 24 hours after the first session. In order to assess the reliability, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error measurements (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) at the 95% confidence interval were calculated.ResultsStatistical data analysis revealed moderate intra-rater reliability for the right ankle (ICC = 0.72, 95% CI [0.49–0.85]) and good intra-rater reliability for the left ankle (ICC = 0.82, 95% CI [0.66–0.91]). Inter-rater reliability is moderate for the right (ICC = 0.73, 95% CI [0.52–0.86]) and the left ankle (ICC = 0.65, 95% CI [0.39–0.81]).ConclusionThe observed method is moderately reliable and appropriate when the main objective is to assess ankle dorsiflexion mobility in weight-bearing when weight-bearing is not contraindicated. The concurrent validity of the Spirit Level Plus application is excellent.
Real‐World Treatment Patterns and Healthcare Costs in Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis Treated with Ixekizumab: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Murage Mwangi J. , Princic Nicole , Park Julie , Malatestinic William , Zhu Baojin , Atiya Bilal , Kern Scott A. , Stenger Keri B. , Sprabery Aubrey Trevelin , Ogdie Alexis 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo describe adherence, persistence, discontinuation, restarting, switching, dosing, and health care costs among patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) treated with ixekizumab (IXE).MethodsMarketScan administrative claims databases were used to select adults (≥18 years) initiating IXE between January 1, 2016, and June 30, 2019, for this retrospective study (earliest IXE claim = index). Eligible patients had one or more PsA diagnoses during the 12 months preceding the index and had 12 months of follow‐up time after the index. Adherence (measured by proportion of days covered [PDC]) persistence (<60‐day gap), discontinuation (≥90‐day gap), switching, and dosing patterns were reported. Health care costs were reported per patient per month (PPPM) during follow‐up and were assessed after adjusting PsA treatment costs for discount rates reported by the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER).ResultsA total of 496 patients met the selection criteria (mean age, 51.1 years; 50.4% female). Over the 12‐month follow‐up, 52.8% remained persistent, 38.7% discontinued, 13.5% had no other treatment, 4.6% restarted, and 20.6% switched to a new biologic/traditional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug. 70.6%of patients were identified as highly adherent (i.e. PDC > 0.80)to IXE prior to discontinuation. Dose values were consistent with prescribing information for patients with and without comorbid psoriasis. Although IXE costs ($5233 [SD = $2497]) accounted for 85.6% of PsA‐related health care costs, only 3.5% of IXE costs were patient out‐of‐pocket expenses. Adjusting for the ICER discounts decreased all‐cause and PsA‐related costs by $2509 PPPM.ConclusionResults from this real‐world analysis suggest that treatment patterns and costs among patients with PsA initiating IXE are consistent with prior literature for other biologics.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks Derived Titanium Oxides via Soft Interface Adaptive Transformation
Authors: Wang Jing , Yuan Ling , Zhang Chaoqi , Li Shumin , Wang Guozhong , Wan Jingjing , Liu Chao , Yu Chengzhong 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHigh‐temperature treatment of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) is a promising route to prepare a variety of functional materials with diverse applications. However, it is challenging to prepare highly crystalline metal oxides such as TiO2 with controllable structures and morphologies via direct calcination of MOFs. Here, we report a soft interface adaptive transformation strategy for the synthesis of MOFs derived TiO2 nanoparticles with elaborate structures. The soft interface is constructed by coating a thin silica layer on the external surface of Ti‐MOFs with an octahedral morphology. This soft interface can partially adapt to the significant shrinkage and counteract the contraction force during the MOFs‐to‐TiO2 conversion. As a result, TiO2 hollow octahedrons are formed with a concave morphology, high specific surface area, abundant oxygen vacancy sites, and consequently enhanced photocatalytic activity, which cannot be obtained by direct calcination or coating a thick/rigid silica layer. The opposite impact of the interface on MOFs derived metal oxides and carbon materials is further elucidated. This contribution provides new understandings in the synthesis of MOFs derived functional materials.
Plasmonic Oxygen Defects in MO3−x (M = W or Mo) Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Modifications, and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhou Mingzhu , Liu Yachong , Su Yan , Su Qianqian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNanomedicine is a promising technology with many advantages and provides exciting opportunities for cancer diagnosis and therapy. During recent years, the newly developed oxygen‐deficiency transition metal oxides MO3−x (M = W or Mo) have received significant attention due to the unique optical properties, such as strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) , tunable and broad near‐IR absorption, high photothermal conversion efficiency, and large X‐ray attenuation coefficient. This review presents an overview of recent advances in the development of MO3−x nanomaterials for biomedical applications. First, the fundamentals of the LSPR effect are introduced. Then, the preparation and modification methods of MO3−x nanomaterials are summarized. In addition, the biological effects of MO3−x nanomaterials are highlighted and their applications in the biomedical field are outlined. This includes imaging modalities, cancer treatment, and antibacterial capability. Finally, the prospects and challenges of MO3−x and MO3−x‐based nanomaterial for fundamental studies and clinical applications are also discussed.
Metal–Organic Framework Modified MoS2 Nanozyme for Synergetic Combating Drug‐Resistant Bacterial Infections via Photothermal Effect and Photodynamic Modulated Peroxidase‐Mimic Activity
Authors: Liao Zi‐Yang , Xia Ya‐Mu , Zuo Jia‐Min , Wang Tao , Hu Da‐Tong , Li Ming‐Zhe , Shao Ning‐Ning , Chen Dong , Song Kai‐Xin , Yu Xuan , Zhang Xin‐Yue , Gao Wei‐Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBacterial infections have become major threats to public health all over the world. With the emergence of antibiotic resistance, it is urgent to develop novel antimicrobial materials to efficiently overcome drug resistance with high bactericidal activity. In this work, UiO‐66‐NH‐CO‐MoS2 nanocomposites (UNMS NCs) are constructed through the amidation reaction. The UNMS NCs are positively charged which is beneficial for capturing and restricting bacteria. Significantly, UNMS NCs possess a synergistic bactericidal efficiency based on near‐infrared irradiation (808 nm) regulated combination of photothermal, photodynamic, and peroxidase‐like enzymatic activities. Both the photodynamic property and nanozymatic activity of UNMS NCs can lead to the generation of reactive oxygen species. The UNMS NCs show high catalytic activity in a wide pH range and exhibit excellent antibacterial ability against ampicillin‐resistant Escherichia coli and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus with negligible cytotoxicity. Interestingly, due to the 808 nm irradiation‐induced hyperthermia in the presence of UNMS NCs, the glutathione oxidation process can be accelerated, resulting in bacterial death more easily. Mice wound models are established to further manifest that UNMS NCs can promote wound healing with good biosafety in living systems.
Multibioinspired Wettable Patterned Slippery Surface for Efficient Water Harvesting
Authors: Lyu Pei , Zhang Xiangyi , Peng Mengyuan , Shang Bin , Liu Xin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is highly desirable to endow surfaces with both exceptional droplet nucleation and removal capacities for water harvesting, but which still remains great challenges. Inspired by the water collection features of desert beetles and Nepenthes pitcher, this paper presents a facile and simple strategy to fabricate a wettable patterned slippery surface (WPSS). Different from desert beetles‐inspired water harvesting materials which the (super) hydrophilic bumps are constructed on a (super) hydrophobic background, the patterned hydrophilic CuO bumps in this study are surrounded by the silicone oil layer. Owing to the patterned hydrophilic bumps and slippery interface, as well as the flexibility in manipulating the relative ratio between them, the innovated WPSS is capable of rapidly nucleating and removing water droplets. It outperforms conventional liquid‐repellent surfaces in water harvesting performance.
Proton‐Radiation Tolerant All‐Perovskite Multijunction Solar Cells
Authors: Lang Felix , Eperon Giles E. , Frohna Kyle , Tennyson Elizabeth M. , Al‐Ashouri Amran , Kourkafas Georgios , Bundesmann Jürgen , Denker Andrea , West Kevin G. , Hirst Louise C. , Neitzert Heinz‐Christoph , Stranks Samuel D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRadiation‐resistant but cost‐efficient, flexible, and ultralight solar sheets with high specific power (W g−1) are the “holy grail” of the new space revolution, powering private space exploration, low‐cost missions, and future habitats on Moon and Mars. Herein, this study investigates an all‐perovskite tandem photovoltaic (PV) technology that uses an ultrathin active layer (1.56 µm) but offers high power conversion efficiency, and discusses its potential for high‐specific‐power applications. This study demonstrates that all‐perovskite tandems possess a high tolerance to the harsh radiation environment in space. The tests under 68 MeV proton irradiation show negligible degradation (<6%) at a dose of 1013 p+ cm−2 where even commercially available radiation‐hardened space PV degrade >22%. Using high spatial resolution photoluminescence (PL) microscopy, it is revealed that defect clusters in GaAs are responsible for the degradation of current space‐PV. By contrast, negligible reduction in PL of the individual perovskite subcells even after the highest dose studied is observed. Studying the intensity‐dependent PL of bare low‐gap and high‐gap perovskite absorbers, it is shown that the VOC, fill factor, and efficiency potentials remain identically high after irradiation. Radiation damage of all‐perovskite tandems thus has a fundamentally different origin to traditional space PV.
Deterministic symbolic regression with derivative information: General methodology and application to equations of state
Authors: Engle Marissa R. , Sahinidis Nikolaos V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSymbolic regression methods simultaneously determine the model functional form and the regression parameter values by generating expression trees. Symbolic regression can capture the complexity of real‐world phenomena but the use of deterministic optimization for symbolic regression has been limited due to the complexity of the search space of existing formulations. We present a novel deterministic mixed‐integer nonlinear programming formulation for symbolic regression that incorporates derivative constraints through auxiliary expression trees. By applying the chain rule to mathematical operations, binary expression trees are capable of representing the calculation of first and second derivatives. We apply this formulation to illustrative examples using derivative information to show increased model discrimination capability. In addition, we perform a case study of a thermodynamic equation of state to gain insight on valid functional forms with thermodynamics‐based constraints on the first and second derivatives.
The relationship between personality, season, and wounding receipt in zoo‐housed Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata): A multi‐institutional study
Authors: Doelling Christina R. , Cronin Katherine A. , Ross Stephen R. , Hopper Lydia M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIt is important to those managing Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in captive settings to understand predictors of wounding. While studies have demonstrated that season (breeding or nonbreeding) and sex predict rates of wounding received by zoo‐housed Japanese macaques, we investigated whether individual differences in personality ratings also might explain some of the observed interindividual variance in wounding. Such patterns were previously observed in rhesus macaques (M. mulatta), such that individuals rated higher on Anxiety and Confidence received greater wounding. Here, we collected wounding data over 24 months on 48 Japanese macaques from eight AZA‐accredited zoos. Each macaque was also rated by keepers using a 26‐item personality questionnaire. Principle components analysis of these ratings revealed four personality components: Openness, Friendliness, Dominance, and Anxiety/Reactivity. The model with the best fit revealed an interaction effect between season (breeding vs. nonbreeding) and the personality component Friendliness, such that individuals rated higher on Friendliness incurred fewer wounds in the nonbreeding season. The second‐best model revealed both a main effect of the season as well as an interaction effect between season and Openness, such that macaques rated higher in Openness received more wounds in the nonbreeding season than those rated lower in Openness. Thus, as with rhesus macaques, personality mediated wounding receipt rate in Japanese macaques, although different personality components explained interindividual variance in wounding for these two species. These differences likely reflect species differences in behavior and personality structure, as well as the influence of differing management practices, highlighting the importance of species‐specific approaches for captive primate care and welfare. This study provides further support for understanding primate personality to create individualized strategies for their care.
Effect of polyethylene glycol and nano clay on swelling, diffusion, network parameters and drug release behavior of interpenetrating network copolymer
Authors: Samanta Himadri Sekhar , Ray Samit Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractControlled release of a drug from a biocompatible nontoxic polymer at a predetermined rate by maintaining a constant drug level for a specific time period causes its maximum utility with reduced side effect and more efficient cure of the disease. Accordingly, several composite hydrogels were synthesized by free radical crosslink copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), and N'N‐methylene bis acrylamide (MBA, crosslinker) in water in the presence of varied amounts of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and nano sized sodium montmorillonite (NaMMT) clay. The structures of the hydrogels were characterized. The effect of the synthesis and process parameters on the swelling, diffusion, network parameters, and drug release properties of the polymer networks were studied. The hydrogel containing 3.2 wt% NaMMT clay and 24 wt% PEG showed the best equilibrium swelling ratio (33.2 g/g), drug entrapment efficiency (86%), and drug release properties (96.6% in 30 h at pH of 7.4) for a model drug riboflavin. The results indicate a significant improvement of swelling and drug release properties of the polymer in the presence of PEG and NaMMT clay in the gel network.
Silk fibroin/polycaprolactone nanofibrous membranes loaded with natural Manuka honey for potential wound healing
Authors: Lan Dongwei , Zhang Yuqin , Zhang Haiqiang , Zhou Jiale , Chen Xiang , Li Zhi , Dai Fangyin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAntibacterial wound dressing, an effective barrier between the wound and the foreign environment, has the ability to inhibit and even kill the bacteria around the wound so that it can accelerate the wound healing. However, the loaded antibacterial agents of antibiotics and metal ions on wound dressings caused the new problems of drug resistance and toxicity. To develop a novel wound dressing with the natural antibacterial property agent, here, natural Manuka honey (MH), silk fibroin (SF), and polycaprolactone (PCL) were mixed to prepare nanofibrous membranes by electrospinning. The SEM observation showed the good microscopic morphology of SF/PCL/MH nanofibrous membranes that the fibers were even and smooth. With the addition of MH, the membranes gained the accepted stress and the excellent flexibility to adapt to wound contour. In addition, their hydrophilic property was beneficial to cell adhesion and proliferation. Most importantly, SF/PCL/MH nanofibrous membranes exhibited excellent sustained release effect and antibacterial properties. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans reached 99.88%, 99.70%, and 98.95%, respectively when 75% natural antimicrobial agent MH was loaded. Moreover, SF/PCL/MH membranes showed good cytocompatibility. These results indicated the fabricated SF/PCL/MH nanofibrous membranes are a kind of novel dressing with good antimicrobial property.
Tree bark utilization in insulating bio‐aggregates: a review
Authors: Giannotas George , Kamperidou Vasiliki , Barboutis Ioannis 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis review gives an overview of recent advances in research on the role of tree bark material in bark‐cement bio‐composites, and their potential as building insulation materials. Suberin and other bark extractives seem to be of great importance for the insulation properties of such composites. Bark is a readily available, biological raw material with unique properties and it has revealed promising results as a bio‐insulation material, either alone or in mixtures with different matrices (cement, lime, resins, polymers, etc.). The thermal, mechanical, acoustic, and hygroscopic properties of these bark‐insulating composites depend on several factors, primarily the type of tree bark, the density and mechanical strength of the bark, the density of the boards produced, and the ratio of bark material to the binder material used in the board production (cement, lime, resins, polymers, etc.). The size of granules and the thickness of the board produced seem to be factors with a lower impact on the properties of the bark‐cement composites. A low proportion of bark fibers or particles (0.5–1%) in bark‐cement composites has proven highly beneficial to their mechanical and thermal properties and ensures higher workability of the mixture. Different modification treatments of bark material should be investigated, with the aim of decreasing the bark extractives content, to improving the cement setting, decreasing the unstable hemicellulose components and their hygroscopic nature, improving the bark particles’ durability in alkaline environments, and upgrading their adherence properties. As the demand for alternative, sustainable structural materials keeps rising, the cement‐bark composites will undoubtedly keep attracting the attention of the scientific and industrial world. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Reproductive toxicity assessment of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride in CD® rats
Authors: Hostetler Keith A. , Fisher Louan C. , Burruss Benjamin L. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo determine the potential of alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) to induce reproductive toxicity in CD® rats in two independent 2‐generation reproduction studies conducted according to Good Laboratory Practices and standardized testing guidelines.Materials and MethodsMale and female rats (parents and offspring) were allowed continual free access to diets containing concentrations of ADBAC (0, 300, 1,000, or 2,000 ppm) or DDAC (0, 300, 750, or 1,500 ppm), beginning with F0 generation adults at 10 weeks prior to breeding.ResultsNo clinical signs of toxicity were observed in parental rats or their offspring in either study. Dietary exposure of parental rats to ADBAC or DDAC at the highest concentrations produced transient decreases in body weight and/or body weight changes with no or minimal corresponding reduction in food consumption. Offspring (F1 and F2) in the highest concentration group in each study also exhibited reduced body weights, often with a corresponding reduction in weight change, beginning on postnatal day (PND) 14 through weaning on PND 28. This reduction in pup body weight corresponded to initiation of self‐feeding.ConclusionsBased on reduced body weights, the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for adult and offspring systemic toxicity was 1,000 ppm for ADBAC and 750 ppm for DDAC (equivalent to approximate daily oral doses of 59 and 45 mg/kg/day, respectively). The reproductive and developmental NOAEL for F0, F1, and F2 generation male and female rats was 2,000 ppm for ADBAC and 1,500 ppm for DDAC (equivalent to approximate daily oral doses of 118 and 91 mg/kg/day, respectively).
Characterization of cell cycle and apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cell culture using flow cytometry for bioprocess monitoring
Authors: Ji Xiaodan , Lee Young Je , Eyster Tom , Parrillo Alexis , Galosy Sybille , Ao Zhaohui , Patel Pramthesh , Zhu Yuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are by far the most important mammalian cell lines used for producing antibodies and other therapeutic proteins. It is critical to fully understand their physiological conditions during a bioprocess in order to achieve the highest productivity and the desired product quality. Flow cytometry technology possesses unique advantages for measuring multiple cellular attributes for a given cell and examining changes in cell culture heterogeneity over time that can be used as metrics for enhanced process understanding and control strategy. Flow cytometry‐based assays were utilized to examine the progression of cell cycle and apoptosis in three case studies using different antibody‐producing CHO cell lines in both fed‐batch and perfusion bioprocesses. In our case studies, we found that G0/G1 phase distribution and early apoptosis accumulation responded to subtle changes in culture conditions, such as pH shifting or momentary glucose depletion. In a perfusion process, flow cytometry provided an insightful understanding of the cell physiological status under a hypothermic condition. More importantly, these changes in cell cycle and apoptosis were not detected by a routine trypan blue exclusion‐based cell counting and viability measurement. In summary, integration of flow cytometry into bioprocesses as a process analytical technology tool can be beneficial for establishing optimum process conditions and process control.