bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of a polydopamine/β‐cyclodextrin coated open tubular capillary electrochromatography column and application for enantioseparation of five proton pump inhibitors
Authors: Sui Xiuyu , Guan Jin , Li Xiaoyu , Gu Lei , Yan Feng , Shi Shuang , Zhang Dongxiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn open tubular capillary electrochromatography column was prepared by immobilizing β‐cyclodextrin on the inner wall of pretreated capillary via noncovalent adsorption of polydopamine. The resulting coating layer on the capillary was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Electroosmotic flow was studied to evaluate the variation of the immobilized columns. The prepared columns showed good chiral separation performance toward five proton pump inhibitors including lansoprazole, pantoprazole, tenatoprazole, rabeprazole, and omeprazole. The influences of β‐cyclodextrin concentration, coating time, buffer pH, buffer concentration, and applied voltage on separation were investigated. In the optimum conditions, the enantiomers of five analytes were fully resolved within 15 min with high resolutions of 4.57 to 8.13. The method was extensively validated in terms of accuracy, precision, and linearity and proved to be robust. The relative standard deviation values for migration times and peak areas of the analytes representing intraday and interday were less than 1.9 and 3.6%, respectively. Further, the polydopamine/β‐cyclodextrin coated capillary column could be successively used over 100 runs without showing significant decrease in the separation efficiency.
Low physical activity in patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer
Authors: Karczewska‐Lindinger Magdalena , Tuomi Lisa , Fridolfsson Jonatan , Arvidsson Daniel , Börjesson Mats , Finizia Caterina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis pilot study aimed to describe physical activity (PA) and self‐perceived function, health and quality of life (QoL) prior to oncological treatment in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC).MethodsIn a prospective study including 49 patients, self‐perceived PA (Saltin‐Grimby scale) and health‐related QoL (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life questionnaire Core 30 and EQ‐5D) were assessed. Further, PA was also measured by an accelerometer attached to the thigh for eight consecutive days. The accelerometer PA was compared to the PA of a reference population assessed with the same method. Results presented are from data collected before start of oncological treatment.ResultsThe patients (44‐79 years, 65% males) spent most of their time in sedentary behavior: a median of 555 minutes/day in bed (39% of total) and 606 minutes/day sitting (41%). Only 129 minutes/day were spent moving/walking. Patients with higher education, reduced physical function and higher fatigue were less physically active (P ≤ .01). Further, the different PA measures demonstrated a pattern of being less physically active compared to the reference population.ConclusionsPatients diagnosed for HNC may have low PA level. Assessment of PA from accelerometer data may be an important component of oncological treatment to identify patients in need for PA intervention that may enhance treatment outcome.
Infrared Camouflage Utilizing Ultrathin Flexible Large‐Scale High‐Temperature‐Tolerant Lambertian Surfaces
Authors: Huang Yun , Ma Binze , Pattanayak Arnab , Kaur Sandeep , Qiu Min , Li Qiang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe development of ultrathin, flexible, large‐scale, high‐temperature‐tolerant infrared camouflage devices, which are immune to the external environment, has emerged as an important unsolved challenge. This paper proposes an infrared camouflage device based on the Lambertian surface. The proposed device simultaneously exhibits low emissivity (≈0.1), low specular reflectance (≈0.05), and high temperature (290 °C) tolerance over a broad infrared range (0.75–25 µm). Furthermore, the proposed device is ultrathin (≈50 µm), highly flexible, scalable, and can be fabricated at a low cost. The experimental results show that while camouflaging a target (at 65 °C), the proposed Lambertian surface can reduce the peak value of the target‐background contrast by 68.4% (indoor case) and 76.0% (outdoor case) compared to the conventional low‐e (low‐emissivity) smooth surface. The calculated detection range of the proposed low‐e Lambertian surface is 60% less than that of both the low‐e smooth surface and the blackbody. This work proposes a novel method to simultaneously control the radiation and the reflection, thereby introducing a new design paradigm for modern camouflage technology and energy harvesting applications.
Changes in Circulating Metabolites During Weight Loss are Associated with Adiposity Improvement, and Body Weight and Adiposity Regain During Weight Loss Maintenance: The SATIN Study
Authors: Papandreou Christopher , García‐Gavilán Jesús , Camacho‐Barcia Lucía , Toft Hansen Thea , Harrold Joanne A. , Sjödin Anders , Halford Jason C. G. , Bulló Mònica 
Published: June 2021

ScopeTo examine the relationship between changes in circulating metabolites during diet‐induced weight loss and changes of adiposity. This study also investigates changes in these metabolites in relation to body weight and adiposity regain during a weight loss maintenance period.Methods and ResultsThis cohort study is nested within the Satiety Innovation (SATIN) study. Participants (n = 162) achieving ≥8% weight loss during an initial 8‐week low‐calorie formula diet (LCD) are included in a 12‐week weight loss maintenance period. A targeted metabolite profiling (123 metabolites) approach is applied using three different platforms (proton nuclear magnetic resonance, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, gas chromatography mass spectrometry). Changes in several lipid species and citric acid are significantly associated with greater reduction of body weight, total fat, and abdominal adiposity distribution during the LCD. Decreases in the concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs) 14:0, LPC 20:3, phosphatidylcholine (PC) 32:2, PC 38:3, sphingomyelin (SM) 32:2, and increases in citric acid concentrations during the LCD are associated with adiposity regain and loss, respectively, during the weight loss maintenance period.ConclusionsThe results show that weight loss is associated with changes in lipid species and citric acid. These changes are related to subsequent weight and adiposity regain identifying the adipose lipid metabolism as an important factor for the maintenance of lost weight and adiposity.
Prenatal phenotype of Kabuki syndrome: A case series and literature review
Authors: So Po Lam , Luk Ho Ming , Cheung Ka Wang , Hui Winnie , Chung Man Yan , Mak Annisa S. L. , Lok Wing Yi , Yu Kris Pui Tak , Cheng Shirley S. W. , Hau Edgar W. L. , Ho Stephanie , Lam Stephen T. S. , Lo Ivan F. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesKabuki syndrome (KS) is a genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism and congenital anomalies. We aim to investigate the prenatal features of fetuses with KS and to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on prenatal sonographic abnormalities associated with KS.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the prenatal ultrasound findings of all mothers of children with molecularly confirmed KS in Hong Kong, between 1991 and 2019. We also performed systematic review of the literature to identify studies on the prenatal findings in KS.ResultsWe identified 11 cases with KS with detectable fetal ultrasound findings ranging from no detectable abnormalities to a variety of non‐specific findings including increased nuchal translucency, pleural effusion, cardiac anomalies, renal anomalies, intrauterine growth restriction, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios and single umbilical artery. In combining our cases with the 77 cases published, 42 (50.6%) of them had more than one abnormal antenatal ultrasound finding. The most frequent ultrasound features observed were cardiac anomalies (49.4%), followed by polyhydramnios (28.9%), genitourinary anomalies (26.5%), single umbilical artery (15.7%), intrauterine growth restriction (14.5%) and hydrops fetalis/pleural effusion/ascites (12.0%).ConclusionsThese cases demonstrate the prenatal phenotypic heterogeneity associated with KS. Although the ultrasound abnormalities are non‐specific, KS should be considered in the differential diagnosis when these fetal findings following normal microarray analysis/karyotyping.
Multifunctional hydrogels for sustainable energy and environment
Authors: Guo Youhong , Fang Zhiwei , Yu Guihua 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis review gives an overview of the research presented in the lecture by Professor Guihua Yu for the 2020 Polymer International‐IUPAC Award for Creativity in Polymer Science. Hydrogels with intriguing physicochemical properties emerge as an attractive materials platform for sustainable energy storage and conversion as well as clean water production. Here we describe some highlights of key building blocks and synthetic approaches of hydrogel‐based materials in a tunable manner from bulk to the molecular scale. Various strategies for improving electronic/ionic conductivity, controlling swelling/deswelling behaviors and integrating multiple functionalities are discussed. Specific examples of recent achievements of hydrogels for applications in batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalysis, solar evaporators and moisture harvesters are presented. These multifunctional hydrogels with highly tailorable architectures and physicochemical properties will become useful in next‐generation sustainable energy and water technologies. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Distribution of airborne respiratory pathogens in pediatric emergency department waiting room
Authors: Cabral Catiane Zanin , Guaragna Juliana Beirão de Almeida , Amantéa Fernanda Chaves , Lopes Paulo Guilherme Markus , Pasqualotto Alessandro Cumaru , Rhoden Claudia Ramos , Amantéa Sérgio Luís 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the presence of genetic material from potentially infectious airborne respiratory virus pathogens in a pediatric emergency department (PED) waiting room.MethodsA cross‐sectional study in the waiting room area of PED at Santo Antonio Children's Hospital, Porto Alegre, in southern Brazil. The room air samples were collected with a portable cyclone sampler (Coriolis®), twice a day (8 a.m. and 8 p.m.), during 5 consecutive weekdays, during two seasons, fall and spring (20 samples), in 2016. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect influenza A, influenza B, parainfluenza 2, parainfluenza 3, human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human adenovirus, human bocavirus, and Bordetella pertussis. The PED provides care to an average of 6000 patients per month and the age of patients ranges from 1 month to 17 years old. It is waiting area has 645 ft square.ResultsGenetic material from pathogens was detected in 12 out of 20 samples (60%). In 5 samples, more than one pathogen of respiratory virus was identified. Human adenovirus was the most frequent pathogen (n = 9/52%), followed by Bordetella pertussis (n = 4/24%), respiratory syncytial virus (n = 2/12%) and human bocavirus (n = 2/12%). Season and number of people in the waiting room were not associated with the presence of genetic material from pathogens.ConclusionsGenetic material from pathogens potentially associated with severe respiratory diseases was found in the room air of a pediatric ED waiting room.
The propensity to save: The effect of Sarbanes–Oxley act
Authors: James Hui Liang , Lirely Roger 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) serves to increase transparency and improves the governance quality of publicly traded U.S. firms. Increased transparency reduces external financing costs, thereby decreasing the reliance on internal funds for investment. Improved governance quality mitigates managers’ opportunistic cash savings. Both of these effects are predicted to affect a firm's cash policy. Employing the cumulant estimators (closed‐form minimum distance estimators) in Erickson et al. (2014, Journal of Econometrics, 183, 211) to control the errors‐in‐variables bias in the cash–cash flow sensitivity model, we find that SOX reduces firms’ propensity to save, and the effect is stronger for negative cash flow firms than positive cash flow firms. Further analysis reveals that the cash–cash flow sensitivity is conditional on a firm's financial constraint status and its existing governance quality.
Propagation, delays, and stability (robust versus fragile)
Authors: Răsvan Vladimir 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThroughout the paper there are considered engineering applications leading to neutral functional differential equations having marginally stable difference operator. This aspect makes asymptotic stability questionable or at least fragile with respect to delay uncertainties. In the case of synchronizing mechanical oscillators, the marginally stable (in critical case) difference operator can be a possible explanation for the so‐called complex behavior. Some hints for improving the stability of the difference operator are given.
Stability analysis of Persidskii time‐delay systems with synchronous and asynchronous switching
Authors: Aleksandrov Alexander , Andriyanova Natalya , Efimov Denis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, the stability of switched time‐delay Persidskii systems is studied. Both cases of synchronous and asynchronous commutation are considered. A comparison of stability conditions obtained with the aid of Lyapunov–Razumikhin and Lyapunov–Krasovskii approaches is provided. The developed theory is applied to the stability analysis of mechanical systems with linear velocity forces and switched nonlinear positional ones.
Estimating optimal dynamic treatment strategies under resource constraints using dynamic marginal structural models
Authors: Caniglia Ellen C. , Murray Eleanor J. , Hernán Miguel A. , Shahn Zach 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMethods for estimating optimal treatment strategies typically assume unlimited access to resources. However, when a health system has resource constraints, such as limited funds, access to medication, or monitoring capabilities, medical decisions must account for competition between individuals in resource usage. The problem of incorporating resource constraints into optimal treatment strategies has been solved for point exposures (1), that is, treatment strategies entailing a decision at just one time point. However, attempts to directly generalize the point exposure solution to dynamic time‐varying treatment strategies run into complications. We sidestep these complications by targeting the optimal strategy within a clinically defined subclass. Our approach is to employ dynamic marginal structural models to estimate (counterfactual) resource usage under the class of candidate treatment strategies and solve a constrained optimization problem to choose the optimal strategy for which expected resource usage is within acceptable limits. We apply this method to determine the optimal dynamic monitoring strategy for people living with HIV when resource limits on monitoring exist using observational data from the HIV‐CAUSAL Collaboration.
Enhanced Electrochemical NO2−Oxidation Reactions on Biomolecule Functionalised Graphene Oxide
Authors: Chavan Parag P. , Sapner Vijay S. , Sathe Bhaskar R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHerein, electrochemical oxidation of nitrite (NO2−) is demonstrated using metal‐free, electrochemically highly stable, and selective biomolecule i. e. tyramine functionalized graphene oxide (GT) electrocatalyst for nitrite oxidation in phosphate buffer at pH‐7. The successful functionalization of a biomolecule on graphene is carried out by a simple chemical method. The surface features of biomolecule functionalized graphene oxide were studied by using both spectroscopic and microscopic techniques including scanning electron microscope (SEM) which shows wrinkled and folded structures having a thickness of ∼20 nm corresponding to a few layer of graphene. Moreover, their structural analysis was carried out using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy nitrogen band at peak position of ∼400 eV reveals biomolecule functionalization, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reveals significant peak at 1580 cm−1 corresponding to amine functionalization, Raman Spectroscopy reveals enhanced ID/IG ratio as compared to GO. The electrochemical surface area (ECSA) found tobe 3.60 cm2. The as‐synthesized electrocatalyst is found to be more active towards electro‐oxidation of nitrite (NO2−) at a low onset potential of 0.6 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE) from linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. Moreover, its current stability at a given potential is also tested by chronoamperometric (i‐t) measurements within a concentration range of 0 μM to 7 μM and is having long term good electrochemical stability at an onset potential of 0.6 V vs SCE. The onset potential of GT was 0.6 V vs SCE, the limit of detection (LOD) 0.933 μM and high current density 21 mA cm−2 as compared to GO 8.7 mA cm−2. Considering above perspectives, our findings emphasizes the importance of biomolecule functionalised GO is the best electrocatalyst for electro‐oxidation of nitrites, which is one of the important species for environmental remediation.
Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity by the Comprehensive Effects of Mesoporous and N‐Doping at the Meso‐N‐TiO2 Nanocatalysts
Authors: Ma Xiuqiang , Hao Kun , Dai Yalu , Song Liang , Yu Qing , Yin Xunqian , Wang Zhongwei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMeso‐N‐TiO2 nanocatalysts (Nx‐MT) were successfully synthesized through evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) method by using urea as the nitrogen source and Pluronic F127 as the templating agent. Through a series of characterizations and degradation of rhodamine B under simulated sunlight, the roles of mesoporous and N‐doping in the Nx‐MT nanocatalyst were evaluated. The Nx‐MT exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity due to the comprehensive effect of mesopores and N‐doping. The effects of calcination temperature and N concentration on the performance of the catalyst were studied. Besides, the relationship between the pore volume of Nx‐MT and the catalytic reaction rate was clarified. Moreover, the turn‐over number (TON) was used to evaluate the effect of the amount of nitrogen doping on the catalytic activity per active site.
Schnelle Anreicherung und kulturunabhängige Detektion von Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Trinkwasser
Authors: Klüpfel J. , Göpfert L. , Elsner M. , Seidel M. 
Published: June 2021

Immer wieder kommt es zu bakteriellen Verunreinigungen in Trinkwasserleitungen. Diese können eine Gesundheitsgefahr darstellen und führen sowohl zu großer Besorgnis in der Öffentlichkeit als auch zu wirtschaftlichen Problemen, wenn die Ursache nicht zeitnah beseitigt wird. Während Escherichia coli und Enterococcus faecalis primär durch fäkale Verunreinigungen in Trinkwassersysteme gelangen können, kann Pseudomonas aeruginosa als Boden‐ und Wasserkeim in Leitungs‐, Mineral‐, Tafel‐ oder Schwimmbadwasser vorkommen [1]. P. aeruginosa kann sich auf nahezu allen feuchten Oberflächen ansiedeln, überlebt auch unter extremen Bedingungen (40°C, Trinkwasser mit sehr geringer Nährstoffdichte, niedrige pH‐Werte), bildet Biofilme und ist als nosokomialer Keim für viele krankenhausassoziierte Infektionen verantwortlich. Als sogenannter opportunistischer pathogener Keim ist P. aeruginosa besonders für immungeschwächte Personen gefährlich. Da P. aeruginosa intrinsisch bereits gegen eine Vielzahl an Antibiotika resistent ist und per horizontalem Gentransfer weitere Resistenzen erwerben kann, wird die Behandlung einer P. aeruginosa‐Infektion zunehmend herausfordernder. Dementsprechend sollten Verunreinigungen von Trinkwasserleitungen mit P. aeruginosa möglichst frühzeitig erkannt und bekämpft werden.
Natürliche Schwebstoffe in Flüssen: Zusammensetzung, Schlüsselkomponenten und Dynamiken
Authors: Walch H. , von der Kammer F. , Hofmann T. 
Published: June 2021

Flüsse transportieren ein Kontinuum an Feststoffen in gelöster, kolloidaler, partikulär‐suspendierter Form, bis hin zu Geschiebe und Sediment. Die suspendierte partikuläre Fraktion (kurz: Schwebstoff) wird zwar operational von der kolloidalen (Filtration < 0,45 oder 0,22 μm) und der gelösten (< 1 kDa) unterschieden, stellt aber eine strukturell‐funktional dynamische Übergangsphase dar, die in kontinuierlichem Austausch mit allen anderen Fraktionen steht. 109–1013 Tonnen Schwebstoff werden jährlich von Flüssen in die Ozeane transportiert [1–3], die in komplexen, flockenartigen Gebilden biologische, mineralische und organische Bestandteile von alloch‐ oder autochthoner Herkunft vereinen und eine zentrale Rolle in vielen Prozessen spielen, zum Beispiel als Nährstoffträger und Substrat für Mikroorganismen, als Mikro‐Bioreaktoren in Nährstoffzyklen, als Nahrung für Filtrierer oder als Sorbenzien und Transportvehikel für Schadstoffe. Schwebstoffe sind somit für viele Forschungsfragen in der Wasserchemie von Interesse, weshalb wir in diesem Beitrag den Forschungsstand zu Schwebstoffen in Flüssen als Literaturauswertung darstellen. Wir beleuchten die typische quantitative und qualitative Zusammensetzung sowie saisonale und physiko‐chemische Dynamiken und identifizieren strukturell‐funktionale Schlüsselkomponenten und ihre physikochemischen Rollen in der Bildung von Schwebstoffen (Bild 1).
The use of systemic mycophenolate in canine immune‐mediated ophthalmic disease
Authors: Li Puma Margaret C. , Diehl Kathryn A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present study aimed to describe the use of systemic mycophenolate as a steroid‐sparing therapy for immune‐mediated ophthalmic disease. Records for canine patients with suspected or confirmed immune‐mediated ophthalmic disease were retrospectively reviewed for patient signalment, diagnoses, mycophenolate dose, concurrent medications, reported side effects, and long‐term outcome while receiving systemic mycophenolate. Patient diagnoses included: anterior uveitis, panuveitis, presumed immune‐mediated retinopathy, retinal detachment, chorioretinitis, optic neuritis, and/or uveodermatologic syndrome. Overall, 18 of 23 (78%) patients had either a complete or partial response to therapy. Only six of 18 (33%) patients with a complete or partial response to therapy continued to require adjunct systemic immunosuppressive/anti‐inflammatory therapy. Gastrointestinal side effects were reported in five of 23 (22%) patients; one of these cases resolved with a 50% mycophenolate dose decrease while maintaining good control of intraocular inflammation. In conclusion, systemic mycophenolate may be considered as an adjunct or sole therapy for medical management of canine immune‐mediated ophthalmic disease.