bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal Simulation for a Mechanical Spindle With External Cooler Across Grease Coated Interface
Authors: Zhao Liang , Lei Mohan , Ren Hongdi , Wang Jinshi , Wang Shuai , Li Ben Q , Yang Jun , Mei Xuesong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Spindles in precision boring machine often work in low speed and heavy load without internal cooling, and the thermal error is nonnegligible. So an external cooling system was designed, and the effectiveness of the designed scheme needs to be preliminarily verified by simulation before building the cooling system. Thermal simulations of the spindle with an external cooler require calculating the thermal resistance of the thermal grease-coated interface between the cooler and spindle. Models describing the contact thermal resistance and total thermal resistance for metal contact filled with silicone grease based on solid-liquid interface force equivalence were described in this paper, and experiments were also conducted to verify the accuracy of these models. The contact thermal resistances between the cast iron/copper and silicone grease on flat or arc surfaces were calculated, and the bulk thermal resistance of the silicone grease layer was calculated. The total heat transferred between the cooler and the silicone grease-coated interface of the spindle were calculated. Heat transfer and heat generation in the spindle were calculated, and a finite element model was established to verify the effectiveness of the designed external cooling scheme. Finally, results from experiments for the spindle in different conditions show that the external cooling system decreases the time to reach thermal equilibrium by more than 60%. The RMSE of the simulated thermal elongation is less than 5.7044 μm when the rotating speed of 3000 rpm, and is less than 3.9714 μm when the rotating speed is 1500 rpm.
Exposure to Heavy Metal Elements May Significantly Increase Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels With Overdosed Dietary Zinc
Authors: Chen Xiaoyue , Chen Chi , Song Jukun , Liu Heng , An Lingyue , Yuan Dongbo , Zhu Guohua , Hu Bin , Wang Wei , Liu Zhangcheng , Jiao Ke , Su Hao , Zhang Chang , Zhang Fan , Jiang Kehua , Luo Fu , Tan Zongjian , Zheng Bohao , Sun Zhaolin , Chen Weiming , Sun Fa , zhu jianguo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a primary metric for diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer (PCa). Exposure to heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and zinc can impact PSA levels in PCa patients. However, it is unclear whether this effect also occurs in men without PCa, which may lead to the overdiagnosis of PCa.Method: Data on a total of 5,089 American men who had never been diagnosed with PCa were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey performed from 2003–2010. The relationship between serum PSA levels (dependent variable) and concentrations of lead (μmol/L), cadmium (nmol/L), and mercury (μmol/L) were investigated with dietary zinc intake being used as a potential modifier or covariate in a weighted linear regression model and a generalized additive model. A series of bootstrapping analyses were performed to evaluate sensitivity and specificity using these models. Results: Regression analyses suggested that, in general, lead, cadmium, or mercury did not show an association with PSA levels, which was consistent with the results of the bootstrapping analyses. However, in a subgroup of participants with a high level of dietary zinc intake (≥14.12 mg/day), a significant positive association between cadmium and serum PSA was identified (1.06, 95% CI, P=0.0268, P for interaction=0.0249).Conclusions: With high-level zinc intake, serum PSA levels may rise in PCa-free men as the exposure to cadmium increases, leading to a potential risk of an overdiagnosis of PCa and unnecessary treatment. Therefore, environmental variables should be factored in the current diagnostic model for PCa that is solely based on PSA measurements. Different criteria for PSA screening are necessary based on geographical variables. Further investigations are needed to uncover the biological and biochemical relationship between zinc, cadmium, and serum PSA levels to more precisely diagnose PCa.
Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Genetic Testing in Patients With Acute Fatty Liver of Pregnancy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Shi Yixian , Wu Haicong , Zhou Xiaoling , Xu Qingling , Zheng Liqing , Li Dongliang , Yao Lvfeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP) is an acute, rare and potentially lethal disease typically occurring in the third trimester of pregnancy. So far, there is no effective means of prevention. Therefore, in this study, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical features of AFLP patients for a better understanding. Meanwhile, for the first time, the genetic background associated with the onset of AFLP was discussed by high-throughput sequencing, hoping to provide evidence for genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of AFLP.Methods: Thirteen AFLP patients admitted to our hospital and other hospital from March 2012 to February 2020 were selected. Clinical data about general condition, laboratory test, liver biopsy and the prognosis of mother and fetus were collected for retrospective analysis. In addition, the peripheral blood of five patients with AFLP and one newborn infant of his mother with AFLP was sequenced with whole-exome sequencing and gene mutation was analyzed by bioinformatics methods.Results: The initial symptoms of AFLP varied differently, with jaundice (9/13, 69%), fatigue (8/13, 62%) and nausea and vomiting (6/13, 46%) being the most common. Moreover, the main maternal complications were coagulopathy (13/13, 100%), followed by acute renal dysfunction (10/13, 77%). Raised serum bilirubin, transaminases and uric acid were found in all patients (100%), hypoglycemia was found in six patients (46%) and fatty liver on ultrasound was seen in five patients (5/12, 42%). One (7%) maternal death occurred and all neonates survived delivery. In addition, to our surprise, whole-exome sequencing showed that no gene mutation in related enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism was noted in the pregnant women and children receiving genetic testing.Conclusions: Early visit, early detection, early termination of pregnancy and multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment are the key factors to improve the prognosis of AFLP patients and their newborn infants. Furthermore, although limited size of study, to our knowledge, this report is the first to present the lack of common mutation involved in fatty acid oxidation in Chinese patients with AFLP via whole-exome sequencing. Thus, further studies are needed with larger and more varied samples to validate the conclusion.
Molecular mechanisms of a traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Authors: Lv Bo , Peng Yuan-de , Fu Wen-hui , Li Wen-jing , Chen Li-jun , Wang Zhi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is a common gynecological disease regulated by multiple hormones, which seriously affects female physical and mental health. Some drugs have been prompted to cure this disease, but most drugs have certain side effects and limitations. In the present study, we demonstrated an unexploited Chinese traditional medicine, a combination of Saururus chinensis, Celosia cristata and Spatholobus suberectus (Referred to as XBR), was capable of exerting hemostatic, coagulation and anti-inflammatory effects on SD rats. Furthermore, the XBR decreased the value of erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and hematocrit in serum for lowering blood stasis caused by DUB. Further studies were conducted to provide direct evidence that the recovery of endometrial hyperplasia was associated with the modulation of the hormones (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol and progesterone). Besides, XBR altered mRNA expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 on the uterine endometrium, thereby promoting the repair of proliferating endometrium in the rats. Collectively, our study indicates that XBR harbors a profoundly curative effect on the treatment of DUB, and explains the mechanism at the molecular and genes expression levels.
The Combination of UHPLC-HRMS and Molecular Networking Improving Discovery Efficiency of Chemical Components in Chinese Classical Formula
Authors: Xue Xiaoxia , Jiao Qishu , Jin Runa , Wang Xueyuan , Shi Shougang , Huang Zhengjun , Dai Yuntao , Chen Shilin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background

It is essential to identify the chemical components for the quality control methods establishment of Chinese Classical Formula (CCF). However, CCF are complex mixture of several herbal medicines with huge number of different compounds and they are not equal to the combination of chemical components from each herb due to particular formula ratio and preparation techniques. Therefore, it is time-consuming to identify compounds in a CCF by analyzing the LC-MS/MS data one by one, especially for unknown components.
Methods

An ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-linear ion trap-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS) approach was developed to comprehensively profile and characterize multi-components in CCF with Erdong decoction composed of eight herbal medicines as an example. Then the MS data of Erdong decoction was analyzed by MS/MS-based molecular networking and these compounds with similar structures were connected to each other into a cluster in the network map. Then the unknown compounds connected to known compounds in a cluster of the network map were identified due to their similar structures.
Results

Based on the clusters in the molecular networking, 113 compounds were rapidly identified from Erdong decoction for the first time, which including steroidal saponins, triterpenoid saponins, flavone O-glycosides and flavone C-glycosides.
Conclusion

MS/MS-based molecular networking technique is very useful for the rapid identification of components in CCF. In Erdong decoction, this method was very suitable for the identification of major steroidal saponins, triterpenoid saponins, and flavone C-glycosides.
Simulation of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon: Temperature Dependence of Nonequilibrium Distribution Functions for Trap States
Authors: Suzuki Azuma 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The nonequilibrium distribution functions (NDF) for the trap states in the mobility-gap under photo illumination and zero bias voltage are derived by the constructed self-consistent drift-diffusion simulator consisted of the Poisson equation and current continuity equations for hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). As for the temperature dependence of the NDF, we find that the values of the NDF decrease with increasing temperature (the negative temperature dependence) in the energy region near the conduction band for p-type a-Si:H. That is the reverse of the temperature dependence of the equilibrium distribution functions (EDF) for the trap states in the mobility-gap. Furthermore, we show that the new physical characteristic is applicable to the explanation of the temperature characteristic of the photoconductivity caused by the electron hopping in the conduction band tail for a-Si:H. The photoconductivity of a-Si:H decreases with increasing temperature, which is called the thermal quenching (TQ). We show that the TQ observed in a low temperature around 200K for p-type a-Si:H can be explained by the electron hopping model with the p-type NDF having the negative temperature dependence.
Comparison of Three Different Methods to Detect Bone Marrow Involvement in Patients with Neuroblastoma
Authors: Schriegel Felix , Taschner-Mandl Sabine , Bernkopf Marie , Grunwald Uwe , Siebert Nikolai , Ambros Peter F. , Lode Holger N. , Henze Guenter , Ehlert Karoline 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most frequent solid malignancy in children outside the central nervous system. Detection of bone marrow (BM) involvement is crucial for correct staging and risk-adapted treatment. We compared three different methods regarding the detection of NB involvement in BM.
Methods

Eighty-one patients with NB were included in this retrospective study. BM samples were obtained at designated time points at study entry and during treatment or follow-up. The diagnostic tools for BM analysis included cytomorphology (CM), flow cytometry (FCM) and automatic immunofluorescence plus fluorescence in situ hybridization (AIPF).
Results

We analyzed 369 aspirates in 81 patients in whom AIPF, CM, and FCM were simultaneously available. During the observation period, NB cells were detected in 86/369 (23.3%) cases, by CM in 32/369 (8.7%) samples, by FCM in 52 (14.1%) samples, and by AIPF in 72 (19.5%) samples. AIPF and/or FCM confirmed all positive results obtained in CM and detected 11 additional BM aspirates with NB cells in 294 CM negative samples (p < 0,001). Survival of patients with BM involvement at entry into the study identified solely by FCM / AIPF was 17.4% versus 0% for patients in whom BM involvement was already identified by CM.
Conclusion

The combination of AIPF and FCM yielded the highest detection rate of NB cells in BM. AIPF was the single, most sensitive method in detecting NB cells in BM. Although CM did not contribute additional information, it is still a useful tool because of its rapid availability and cost-efficiency.
Diaphragm Ultrasound Distinguishes Exacerbation From Stable Status in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: An Tai Joon , Yoo Yeun Jie , Lim Jeong Uk , Seo Wan , Park Chan Kwon , Rhee Chin Kook , Yoon Hyoung Kyu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The importance of evaluating the diaphragm muscle in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is widely accepted. However, the role of diaphragm ultrasound (DUS) in COPD is not fully understood. We set this study to evaluate the role of DUS for distinguishing the status of COPD. Methods: COPD patients who underwent DUS were enrolled between March 2020 and November 2020. The diaphragm thickening fraction (TFmax) and diaphragm excursion (DEmax) during maximal deep breathing were measured. Patients were divided into exacerbation and stable groups. Demographics, lung function, and DUS findings were compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and univariate/multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed.Results: Fifty-five patients were enrolled. The exacerbation group had a lower body mass index (BMI) (20.9 vs. 24.2, p = 0.003), lower TFmax (94.8 ± 8.2% vs. 158.4 ± 83.5%, p = 0.010), and lower DEmax (30.8 ± 11.1 mm vs. 40.5 ± 12.5 mm, p = 0.007) compared to stable group. The areas under the TFmax (0.745) and DEmax (0.721) curves indicated fair results for distinguishing exacerbation. The patients were divided into low and high TFmax and DEmax groups based on calculated cut-off values. Low TFmax (odds ratio [OR] 8.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.55–45.56) and low DEmax (OR 11.51; 95% CI 1.15–115.56) were associated with exacerbation after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec.Conclusion: TFmax and DEmax distinguished exacerbation from stable status. We describe the DUS cut-off values for determining an exacerbation status in this study.
Hazardous Alcohol Drinking and Associated Factors Among Patients With Tuberculosis Attending Public Healthcare Facilities in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Yohannes Kalkidan , Ayano Getinet , Koirita Kusse , Mulatu Henok , Mokona Hirbaye 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Hazardous drinking is a quantity or pattern of alcohol consumption that places individuals at risk for adverse health events. Studies have shown that hazardous alcohol drinking among patients with tuberculosis has been often linked to a decrease in immune system functioning, greater rates of treatment-resistant cases and death during treatment. However, there are rare studies that assessed the prevalence of hazardous alcohol use and associated factors among patients with tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the prevalence of hazardous alcohol drinking and associated factors among patients with tuberculosis attending public healthcare facilities in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: An institution-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among a randomly selected sample of 415 patients with tuberculosis. The study was conducted at the tuberculosis units of public healthcare facilities in Gedeo zone, Southern Ethiopia. The Alcohol Use Identification Test (AUDIT) scale was used to measure hazardous alcohol drinking. Data on social support, perceived tuberculosis stigma, and depression were collected using a standard, validated, and structured questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of hazardous alcohol drinking in our study was 20 % (95% CI; 16.1% -24.2%). Medical comorbidity (AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.29–4.62), length of illness (>=12 months) (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI: 1.03–3.04), and being male (AOR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.17–3.77) were found to be significant predictors of hazardous alcohol drinking after controlling for potential confounders.Conclusion: A high prevalence of hazardous alcohol drinking was observed among patients with tuberculosis. Therefore, routine screening for alcohol use and a holistic treatment approach for patients with tuberculosis are crucial.
On Board Pointing Error Detection and Estimation of Observation Satellite Data using Extended Kalman Filter
Authors: R Dhanalakshmi , D Eswara Chaitanya , P Chandra Shaker Reddy , D Vijendra Babu , Aggarwal Puneet Kumar , E Fantin Irudaya Raj 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The satellite communication is embellished constantly by providing information, ensuring security, and enables the communication among huge at a particular time efficiently. The satellite navigation helps in determining the people's location. The global development, natural disasters, change in climatic conditions, agriculture crop growth, etc. are monitored using satellite observation. Hence, the satellite includes detailed information data, it has to be protected confidentially. The field of the satellite is enhanced at an astonishing pace. Satellite data plays an important role in this modern world and hence, the onboard satellite data have to secure through the proper selection of error detection and estimation schema. The Extended Kalman Filter is widely used in the satellite system. EKF is utilized in this proposed model to detect the onboard pointing error such as attitude and orbit determination. An autonomous estimation of orbit position is possible through space-borne gravity. The information obtained through the observation of satellite data is compared with the accurate gravity model in detecting the error. The utilization of EKF reduces the dependence of the ground tracking system in satellite determination. The orbital altitude and orbital position are the most important challenges faced in the satellite determination system. The satellite model using the Extended Kalman Filter is a more apt method in estimating the orbital parameters. The errors in the linearization process are detected and this can be overcome through the proper selection of linear expansion point with EKF algorithmic model with the Jacobian matrix calculation. The results show that the EKF implementation helps in attaining better accuracy in comparison with other methodologies.
An Immune-associated lncRNA Signature Predicts the Survival of Patients With Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Jian , Bian Qinjiang , Liu Jialin , Du Lijuan , Moming Adili 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Recent researches have established that lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) could be exploited as new signatures for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Herein, HNSCC transcriptome data was abstracted from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data resource, and uncovered immune linked lncRNAs through co-expression analysis. Besides, univariate along with Lasso penalty regression were employed to determine immune-linked lncRNA pairs with different expressions. We then compared area under the curve, calculated the Akaike information criterion (AIC) value of the receiver operating characteristic curve for 5 years, determined cutoff points, and established an optimal predictive model for identifying high- and low-risk HNSCC patients. Overall, we identified 40 differentially expressed immune-linked lncRNA pairs, 17 of which were incorporated in the Cox regression model. Using this model, we can more effectively stratify patients based on poor survival results, positive clinicopathological features, specific tumor immune invasion status, low chemotherapy responsivity, and high expression of immunosuppressive biomarkers. Our data illustrated that the immune-linked lncRNA pairs signature have clinical prediction value for HNSCC.
Nomogram to Predict the Occurrence and Prognosis of Distant Metastasis in T1n0 Colon Cancer: A Seer Data-Based Study
Authors: Liu Yunxiao , Zhang Hao , Zheng Mingyu , Wang Chunlin , Hu Zhiqiao , Wang Yang , Xiong Huan , Fan Boyang , Wang Yuliuming , Hu Hanqing , Tang Qingchao , Wang Guiyu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Distant metastasis (DM) is relatively rare in T1 colon cancer (CC) patients, especially in those with negative lymph node metastasis. The aim of this study was to explore the main clinical factors and build nomogram for predicting the occurrence and prognosis of DM in T1N0 colon cancer patients. Patients with T1N0 stage colon cancer were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database. All patients were divided into development and validation cohorts with the 3:1 ratio. A total of 6770 patients were enrolled in this study, including 428 patients (6.3%) with DM. Age, size, grade, CEA were independent risk factors associated with DM. Age, grade, CEA, surgery and chemotherapy were independent prognostic factors for CSS. Nomogram were applied and C-index, calibration curves, ROC curves and DCA curves proved good discrimination, calibration and clinical practicability of the nomogram in predicting the occurrence and prognosis of DM in T1N0 colon cancer patients. The population-based nomogram could help clinicians predict the occurrence and prognosis of DM in T1N0 CC patients and provide a reference to perform appropriate metastatic screening plans and rational therapeutic options for the special population.
Performance of M-MRC over Generalized-K Fading Channel based on Energy Harvesting Technique
Authors: Deka Nandita , Subadar Rupaban 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The customary uses of the multi-antenna systems are to reduce the effect of fading in a wireless environment. The maximal ratio combining (MRC) scheme is one of such techniques which provide the optimal performance. This paper analyse the performance measures of an arbitrary branch MRC receiver with energy harvesting techniques over KG fading channel. We have presented the closed-form expressions for average SNR, outage probability, and average bit error rate (ABER) along with the numerical analysis. Our observations are summarized in the numerical results and discussion section for well understanding of the system. At last, we validate our proposed formulations through the Monte-Carlo simulation.
Supramolecular Viscosity Modifiers With Salt-responsive and Ph-switchable Characteristics for Hydraulic Fracturing Applications
Authors: Liu Shuhao , Lin Yu-Ting , Sentmanat Martin L. , Kwon Joseph , Akbulut Mustafa , Bhat Bhargavi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.