bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weight Gain of Latino Infants at 6 and 12 months of Age: Maternal Depression and other Risk Factors
Authors: Wojcicki Janet Maia , Holbrook Katherine , Lustig Robert H , Caughey Aaron , Munoz Ricardo , Heyman Melvin B 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundRapid infant weight gain during the first 6 months is associated with future risk of obesity although lower weight at 1 year of age is associated with early adiposity rebound.ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and infant weight and 6 and 12 months of age.MethodsWe recruited Latina mothers prenatally and followed the infants to 12 months of age. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed prenatally and postnatally. Logistic regression models were used to assess independent predictors for infant overweight at 12 months and excessive weight gain at 6 months of age.ResultsWe enrolled 201 mother‐infant pairs. We had a high rate of infant overweight at 12 months (27.6%) and 38.5% experienced rapid infant weight gain at 6 months. In multivariate logistic regression models, independent predictors for infant overweight at 12 months was the absence of maternal depressive symptoms (odds ratio [OR], 0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04‐0.78) and macrosomic birthweight (OR= 3.65; 95% CI, 1.03‐12.88). In multivariate logistic regression models, we found that depressive symptoms were associated with decreased risk for rapid weight gain (OR=0.27; 95%CI, 0.09‐0.77) as was increased infant birthweight (OR 0.997; 95%CI, 0.996‐0.998).ConclusionOur study found that maternal depressive symptoms were associated with reduced infant weight at 6 and 12 months of age.
Dietary Glutamic Acid Removal Reduced Growth of Weaning Rats in Protein Malnutrition
Authors: Sakai Ryosei , Kawamata Yasuko , Yoneda Junya , Torii Kunio , Chin Keigi 
Published: June 2021

Protein nutrition is crucial for intestinal development and whole body growth of early life. Although glutamic acid (Glu) in the body derives generally from synthesis de novo, intestines require dietary input of Glu for energy production, alanine synthesis and so on. This study investigated the effects of Glu removal from foods on growth and intestinal morphology in weaning rats to discuss on essentiality of dietary Glu.Weaning male SD rats were given any of the following 4 kinds of amino acid (AA) defined diets with normal or low AA (50% reduction) compositions or their Glu‐free compositions for 2‐3 weeks either in ad libitum or controlled feeding.Linear relation was seen between food intake and body weight gain in rats fed normal AA diet (r= 0.99). The relation in rats fed Glu‐free diets apparently different from that of normal AA; the growth was smaller for their food intakes as was in rats fed low AA diet, indicating growth reduction by Glu removal. This was confirmed by pair feeding study; feeding of the same amount of Glu‐free diet resulted in smaller growth, lower intestinal weight and shorter intestinal villus height. These changes caused by Glu removal were also evident in rats fed low AA diet. These results suggest nutritional importance of dietary Glu in general foods for normal growth including intestinal development of early life both in well‐nourished and protein malnourished states.
Human Multidrug Resistance Protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) transports 3α, 6α, 7α, 12α‐(OH)4‐5β‐cholyl taurine (6α‐OH‐TC)
Authors: Megaraj Vandana , Kakiyama Genta , Iida Takashi , Vore Mary 
Published: June 2021

Background and AimGenetic defects in the bile salt export pump (ABCB11) gene lead to fatal Type 2 progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC2). However, Abcb11 knockout (KO) mice exhibit only mild cholestasis and secrete large amounts of unusual tetrahydroxyl bile salts into bile (PNAS 98:2011). The formation of hydrophilic bile salts is postulated to detoxify the hydrophobic bile salts and prevent a severe cholestatic phenotype in the KO mice. An unidentified alternative canalicular non‐Abcb11‐mediated transport system is proposed to efflux these tetrahydroxyl bile salts. Furthermore, 6a‐OH‐TC is present in human amniotic fluid, neonatal urine and urine of cholestatic patients. Here we investigate human MRP2 as a possible alternative transporter for 6a‐OH‐TC.MethodsTauro‐Δ22‐3a, 6a, 7a, 12a ‐tetrahydroxy‐5 β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid was synthesized, reductively tritiated, and purified by TLC and HPLC (98% purity). Human MRP2 was expressed in Sf9 insect cells and the kinetic parameters (Km, Vmax, Hill coefficient [HC]) of ATP dependant transport of 3H‐6a‐OH‐TC determined in Sf9 plasma membrane vesicles.ResultsSaturation kinetics studies (6a‐OH‐TC 0.1‐1mM) yielded uptake that fit best to the Hill equation with Vmax = 509 pmol/mg/min; Km = 128 µM; Hill coefficient = 1.6.Conclusion6α‐OH‐TC is a substrate of MRP2 with evidence of positive cooperativity. (HD 58299)
CD‐NP: A novel aldosterone‐suppressing designer natriuretic peptide in a first‐in‐human study
Authors: Lee Candace Y.W. , Chen Horng H. , Lisy Ondrej , Lieu Hsiao D. , Burnett John C. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundCD‐NP is a novel chimeric natriuretic peptide (NP) consisting of the full‐length human C‐type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a NP receptor (NPR)‐B agonist, and the C‐terminus of Dendroaspis NP (DNP), a NPR‐A agonist. In the first‐in‐human clinical trial, CD‐NP activated plasma and urinary cGMP, the second messenger for the NPs, and increased Na+ excretion in normal subjects. Here we report for the first time plasma aldosterone (ALDO) and angiotensin II (ANG II) levels.MethodsIn the double‐blind, PLB‐controlled phase of this trial, adults received CD‐NP 17.5 ng/kg/min (n = 6) or PLB (n = 4) i.v. for 4 hours. Plasma ALDO and ANG II were quantified by RIA. Data were analyzed by 2‐tailed paired t‐test and signed‐rank (S‐R) test (SAS v9).ResultsIn subjects who received CD‐NP, plasma ALDO (mean±SD) decreased from a baseline of 21.9±2.7 to 9.5±3.2 ng/dL (P<0.001 t‐test, P<0.05 S‐R test) at the end of infusion. Plasma ANG II tended to decrease (29.2±5.2 to 23.0±3.5 ng/L, P=0.086 t‐test, P=0.69 S‐R test). In the PLB group, ALDO (20.3±4.2 to 13.6±4.5 ng/dL) and ANG II (23.3±2.2 to 19.8±8.2 ng/L) did not change.ConclusionCD‐NP suppressed plasma ALDO in normal subjects, consistent with NPR‐A activation by a novel NP with dual NPR‐A and NPR‐B activating properties. CD‐NP may be of therapeutic potential in disease states that are characterized by ALDO activation, such as in heart failure warranting further studies.Sources of funding: Mayo Foundation and Nile Therapeutics, Inc.
Effect of aging on arm and leg muscle sympathetic nerve activity in humans
Authors: Monahan Kevin D. , Sauder Charity L. , Ray Chester A. 
Published: June 2021

Aging is associated with heterogeneous changes in sympathetic nervous system outflow to various organs. Previous studies have consistently reported pronounced increases in leg muscle sympathetic activity (MSNA) at rest with age. We tested the hypothesis that aging is associated with similar increases in arm and leg MSNA at rest. Moreover, we tested the hypothesis that baroreflex unloading elicits similar increases in arm and leg MSNA in older adults. To address these hypotheses we simultaneously measured arm and leg MSNA using microneurography in young (N=7; 23±1 years old; mean±SE) and older adults (n=5: 63±2) at rest and in response to lower body negative pressure (LBNP of ‐10, ‐20, and ‐40 mmHg) (older subjects only). MSNA at rest increased similarly with age in the arm (8±2 vs. 34±6 bursts/min for young and older, respectively; P<0.05) and leg (9±2 vs. 35±6 bursts/min; P<0.05). Moreover, LBNP elicited similar increases in leg (Δ4±2, Δ8±4, and Δ16±6 bursts/min, change from baseline for ‐10, ‐20, and ‐40 mmHg LBNP, respectively; main effect P<0.05) as well as arm MSNA (Δ4±2, Δ2±2, and Δ15±6; main effect P<0.05) in older adults. Collectively, these data indicate that aging is associated with similar increases in arm and leg MSNA at rest. Moreover, parallel increases in leg and arm MSNA occur during baroreflex unloading in older humans.Support: NIH AG24420, HL77670, M01 RR10732
SOD1‐deficiency causes salt‐sensitivity and aggravates hypertension in hydronephrosis
Authors: Carlström Mattias , Brown Russell D. , Sällström Johan , Larsson Erik , Zilmer Mihkel , Zabihi Sheller , Eriksson Ulf J. , Persson Erik G. 
Published: June 2021

We investigated the role of oxidative stress for salt‐sensitivity and for hypertension in hydronephrosis (HN).HN was induced in SOD1‐transgenic (SOD1‐tg), SOD1‐deficient (SOD1‐ko) and wild‐type mice. Telemetric blood pressure measurements were performed during normal and high sodium conditions. Excretion of F2‐IsoP and histology were investigated and the effects of Tempol on blood pressure and TGF were studied.HN wild‐type mice developed salt‐sensitive hypertension (114±1 to 120±2 mmHg) which was augmented in SOD1‐ko mice (125±3 to 135±4 mmHg), but abolished in SOD1‐tr mice (109±3 to 108±3 mmHg). SOD1‐ko controls displayed salt‐sensitive blood pressure (108±1 to 115±2 mmHg), which was not found in wild‐type or SOD1‐tg mice. HN wild‐type and SOD1‐ko mice exhibited increased urine flows, increased urinary excretion of F2‐IsoP, and impaired urine concentration ability. An increased excretion of F2‐IsoP was also found in SOD1‐ko controls. The renal histopathological changes found in HN wild‐types were augmented in SOD1‐ko and diminished in SOD‐tg mice. Tempol attenuated blood pressure and normalized the abnormal TGF in HN.Oxidative stress due to SOD1‐deficiency is associated with salt‐sensitivity and plays an important role for the development of hypertension in HN. Increased superoxide formation can enhance the TGF response and thereby be involved in the development of hypertension.
Arterial segmentation of renal parenchyma with single and multiple renal arteries. A comparative study on corrosion casts
Authors: Zahoi Delia Elena 
Published: June 2021

Out of 200 human renal corrosion casts, 158 presented a single renal artery and 42 ‐ multiple renal arteries. Of the latter, 38 casts had 2 renal arteries while 4 casts had 3 renal arteries.The casts involved the injection of plastic (based on nitrocellulose) in the vascular and ductal elements and the corrosion of the renal parenchyma with hydrochloric acid.For the casts with a single renal artery, the study describes 37 morphological types of segmentation. The number of the segments varied between 4 and 6 as follows: 6 casts (3.8%) showed 4 renal segments; 90 casts (57%) showed 5 renal segments; 50 casts (31.64%) showed 6 renal segments; 9 casts (5.7%) showed 7 renal segments; 3 casts (1.9%) showed 8 renal segments.The casts with multiple renal arteries showed 5 to 8 segments of 24 morphological types. Most of the studied casts (24 cases / 57.14%) showed 5 renal segments; 14 casts (33.33%) showed 6 renal segments; 3 casts (7.14%) showed 7 renal segments; only 1 case (2.38%) showed 8 renal segments.The analysis of the casts revealed that in the case of multiple renal arteries, the smallest number of segments was higher than in that of single renal artery casts. Both single and multiple renal artery casts showed 5 segments frequently and in almost the same percentage, which concurs with the Anatomical Terminology. In multiple renal arteries casts, the number of segments (6‐8) was higher than in that of single renal artery casts.
Differences among exercisers and non‐exercisers during pregnancy
Authors: May Linda E , Gustafson Kathleen M 
Published: June 2021

The hypothesis that mothers who exercise during pregnancy have less time than non‐exercisers for other activities was tested by having pregnant mothers complete a reliable and valid Modifiable Activity Questionnaire. Exercisers participated in moderate or vigorous aerobic exercise at least 30 minutes 3 times per week throughout the pregnancy whereas control mothers did not. Questions pertained to descriptives, daily activities, exercise, and amount of sleep. The data from 27 mothers with uncomplicated pregnancies (17 exercisers and 10 non‐exercisers) have been analyzed. Mothers who exercised during pregnancy slept more each night than non‐exercising moms. Although, all mothers were similar age, education levels, and height, there were significant differences between groups for weight and BMI. Control and exercising mothers with male fetuses were less active than moms with female fetuses and, had higher BMIs. Stay‐at‐home moms exercised less than those who worked out of the home, but stay‐at‐home control mothers were more active than control moms who worked outside of the home. We unexpectedly found differences in BMI based on fetal gender. Additionally, exercising moms do not "steal" time to exercise. These results suggest exercising during pregnancy does not require "stealing" time, but being more time efficient. These data will hopefully encourage pregnant women to evaluate their use of time each day.Grant Funding SourceIntramural
Probiotics restore ion transport in infected intestinal epithelial cells by modulating glycosphingolipids signaling.
Authors: Resta‐Lenert Silvia C , Maruggi Marco 
Published: June 2021

Glycosphingolipids (GSL) are part of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) membranes and are composed by a sugar moiety attached to ceramide. GSL contributes to many cellular functions, including protein sorting, cell adhesion, cell‐cell signaling and apoptosis.Probiotics are commensal bacteria with the ability to modify cellular processes in a beneficial way. We have shown that a probiotic preparation, S. thermophilus (ST) and L. acidophilus (LA), has the ability in vitro and in vivo to decrease chloride secretion and diarrhea by regulating kinase signaling and levels of ion transport proteins in IEC. Our ST strain expresses bacterial sphyngomyelinase , whereas LA does not. We hypothesized that ST/LA may regulate chloride secretion by altering GSL signaling in IEC. T84 and HT29/cl.19A cells were infected with enteroinvasive E.coli (EIEC) and S.dublin (SD), and were treated with wild type probiotics or mutated ST and/or LA. While wild type ST/LA, LA and ST alone were able to reverse the effects of EIEC and SD on chloride secretion in IEC, a ST strain carrying a mutation of the SMase gene and SMase‐negative commensal Streptococci had no effect on the dysregulated ion transport after pathogens infection. This effect was mediated by ERK1,2 and JNK, as shown by kinases inhibitors treatment. Moreover, we observed significantly altered CFTR and NKCC1 function and cellular distribution after treatment with ST/LA and LA and ST alone after EIEC and SD infection. Our findings provide insight on mechanisms of probiotics effects and on GSL cell signaling in the gut.
Hexosamine signaling reduces ER stress‐induced cardiomyocyte death
Authors: Ngoh Gladys Afor , Hamid Tariq , Prabhu Sumanth D , Jones Steven P 
Published: June 2021

We have demonstrated that the post‐translational modification of O‐linked beta‐N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) confers cardioprotection at least partially through mitochondrial dependent mechanisms. Because ischemia/hypoxia causes endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, we evaluated a potential link between O‐GlcNAc signaling and ER stress. We pharmacologically induced ER stress to define a potential link between these two processes. Normoxic induction of ER stress (tunicamycin or brefeldin A) augmented O‐GlcNAc signaling in cardiomyocytes (p<0.05). Prior to induction of ER stress, we adenovirally overexpressed or pharmacologically inhibited O‐GlcNAcase, the enzyme responsible for O‐GlcNAc removal. AdO‐GlcNAcase reduced (p<0.05) ER stress‐mediated elevation in O‐GlcNAc levels and aggravated cell death. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of O‐GlcNAcase resulted in further elevation in O‐GlcNAc levels and significantly (p< 0.05) attenuated ER stress‐induced cell death. We conclude that ER stress acutely recruits O‐GlcNAc signaling, and, such enhanced O‐GlcNAc signaling represents a partially pro‐adaptive response to reduce ER stress‐induced cell death. These results provide new insights into a possible interaction between O‐GlcNAc signaling and ER stress and may partially explain the mechanism of O‐GlcNAc mediated cardioprotection.Funding: NIH, AHA, and VA
Effect of MPTP and salsolinol on tissue transglutaminase expression in cultured human dopaminergic SH‐SY5Y cells
Authors: Ioudina Marina 
Published: June 2021

Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) expression is increased in the brains and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease, suggesting a role for the protein in the neurodegenerative process. tTG is a multifunctional protein that catalyzes post‐translational modification of proteins, resulting in the formation of insoluble protein cross linkage or the incorporation of polyamines into protein substrates, and also functions as a G protein hydrolyzing GTP and ATP. The goal of the present study is to determine whether tTG expression is altered in dopaminergic cells following exposure to toxins linked to Parkinson's disease. Immuocytochemistry using a tTG‐specific antibody was used to compare tTG expression in cultured human dopaminergic SH‐SY5Y cells before and after exposure to the environmental toxin 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and the endogenous dopamine‐derived neurotoxin salsolinol. Both toxins significantly increased tTG expression in SH‐SY5Y cells, suggesting a direct effect of toxins on tTG expression. Further investigations are necessary to determine whether the upregulation of tTG is correlated with increased tTG activity.This work was supported by Touro University Nevada Research Grant Award.
Healthy Bodies, Healthy Souls: Design of a church‐based environmental intervention program to prevent diabetes risk behaviors
Authors: Gittelsohn Joel , Summers Amber , Rowan Megan , Goheer Attia , Martins Paula , Graham Karlene , Mahendraratnam Nirosha 
Published: June 2021

Churches have great potential to engage communities and sustain health interventions. We are conducting a diabetes risk behavior intervention trial in 12 African American churches in Baltimore city, divided into 4 cohorts (3 churches/cohort) matched by size and denomination. One church in each cohort is randomly selected to receive a workshop intervention (American Diabetes Association's Project POWER), while a second church receives an environmentally‐enhanced intervention plus workshop intervention, and a third church is comparison. The enhanced program includes changes to church food and physical activity environments. The program will be evaluated in 375 non‐diabetic adults, using psychosocial, behavioral (diet, physical activity) and health (BMI, blood pressure, waist circumference) measures. Initial baseline data (n=138) show that 68% are female, mean age 48 years. Over 78% of respondents have a high school degree, and 73% have household incomes >$30,000. 32.4% of the sample is obese and 51.8% are overweight. 44.2% are prehypertensive and 24.6% are hypertensive. Mean waist circumference is 100.8cm (SD: 16.9) for men and 97.2cm (SD: 18.2) for women, which indicate that 40.9% of men and 69.1% of women at high risk for heart disease. This study will test church‐specific interventions to reduce diabetes risk behaviors and improve health measures in a high‐risk minority population.Grant Funding Source: American Diabetes Association Clinical Research Award
Urinary sugars (sucrose and fructose) associations with self‐reported sugars intake: the influence of plausibility of reported energy intake
Authors: Sharma Rashmi S , Roberts Susan B. , Polissar Nayak L. , Boushey Carol J. , Maroney Owen H. , Fieselmann Krista N. , Ebner Rachel E. , Fuss Paul J. , McCrory Megan A. 
Published: June 2021

Background/AimUrinary sucrose and fructose may serve as biomarkers of sugars intake, the latter which are thought to be underreported in dietary assessment. We examined associations of urinary sugars with reported sugars intake in adults recruited for a study on diet and chronic disease risk.MethodsHealthy, non‐smoking, weight‐stable adults (n=76) performed 3×24h urine collections (UC) and completed 3 multiple pass 24h dietary recalls over 10d. Results are shown for those (n=67; aged 18–58y, BMI 19–36kg/m2) who had ≥1 complete UC (urinary PABA recovery ≥85%). Urinary sugars were measured by an enzymatic kit (Roche) and mean daily amounts calculated. 3d mean intakes of sucrose, fructose and added sugars were computed with Nutrition Data System for Research (v.10/11). Plausible (n=52) and implausible EI reporters (n=15) were determined (Huang et al, 2005).ResultsMean(±SEM) urinary sucrose and fructose were 28±2 and 38±4 mg/d, respectively. Reported intakes were 56±5 (sucrose), 25±2 (fructose), and 84±7 (added) g/d. Urinary sucrose was significantly associated with dietary sucrose in the plausible sample (r=0.36; p=0.008) and non‐significantly in the total sample (r=0.19; p=0.12). A similar pattern was seen for urinary sucrose and added sugars intake. Urinary fructose and sugars intake were not significantly associated.ConclusionThese data provide strong evidence that foods containing sucrose and added sugars are underreported.Grant Funding Source: R01DK075862 and Purdue University
Early life risk factors for obesity in childhood: A cumulative risk model
Authors: Dev Dipti , McBride Brent 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this study is to identify multiple levels of influence in predicting weight gain in pre‐school children (2–5 years). A cumulative risk approach is taken to predict overweight (85th percentile ≤BMI <95th percentile) and obesity (95th percentile ≤BMI) based on the following predictors (SES, ethnicity, maternal BMI, family size, breast feeding duration, age of introduction of solid foods, parental feeding practices, parental fruit and vegetable intake, family media use, family encouragement of physical activity, child food consumption, sleep patterns and childcare attendance). Baseline data from the Synergistic Theory and Research on Obesity and Nutrition Group (STRONG) kids were used for data analysis. Primary caregiver‐child dyads (n= 497) were recruited from childcare centers in Eastern Illinois. Caregivers completed survey and child height and weight was measured. Current sample statistics n= 497 (254 males, 293 females), with 34 Hispanics, 131 Blacks, 278 Whites and 54 Asians. 254 children enrolled in Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP), 169 Non‐CACFP and 74 in Head Start programs. 25% of children were classified as overweight. Using a cumulative risk model, it was found that the combination of child, family level and childcare risk factors could predict overweight and obesity. The results suggest the need for targeted obesity interventions based on above characteristics.Grant Funding Source: Administration of Children and Families(ACF), and the Illinois Transdisciplinary Obesity Prevention Program (I‐TOPP)
Don't forget about dad: Exploring paternal influences on children's weight status and eating behaviors
Authors: Vollmer Rachel L. , Sigman-Grant Madeleine , Mobley Amy R. 
Published: June 2021

While mothers remain the primary gatekeeper for children's nutrition, fathers have assumed more child care duties over time. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of paternal feeding style (Caregiver Feeding Style Questionnaire) and eating behaviors (Healthy Children, Healthy Families checklist) on child's weight status and associated behaviors. Low‐income fathers (n=30) were interviewed individually. Each father and child (ages 3–10 years) were weighed and measured. Authoritarian (37%) and indulgent (33%) feeding styles were most common while authoritative (17%) and uninvolved (13%) were less common among fathers. Feeding style was not associated with a child's weight but paternal BMI was associated (r=.377, p=.04) with child's BMI z‐score. High responsiveness feeding scores of fathers were correlated with frequent family meals (rs=.545, p=.002) and less soda consumption (rs=‐.560, p=.001) in children. Father's reported vegetable (rs=.722, p<.001), dairy (rs=.634, p<.001) and soda (rs=.548, p=.002) intake was significantly associated with their child's reported intake. Further research should address paternal influences on children's eating behaviors and weight status.Grant Funding Source : none