bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmembrane Signaling Molecules Play a Key Role in Progression of IgA Nephropathy: A Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis Study
Authors: Gholaminejad Alieh , roointan Amir , Gheisari Yousof 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common primary glomerulonephritis and a serious health concern worldwide; though, still the underlying molecular mechanisms of IgAN are yet to be known and there is no efficient treatment for this disease. The main goal of this study was to explore the IgAN underlying pathogenic pathways, plus identifying the disease correlated modules and genes using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) algorithm. Results: GSE104948 dataset was analyzed and the identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were introduced to the WGCNA algorithm for building co-expression modules. Genes were classified into six co-expression modules. Genes of the disease most correlated module were mainly enriched in the immune system, cell-cell communication and transmembrane cell signaling pathways. The PPI network was constructed by genes in all the modules and after hub-gene identification and validation steps, 11 genes, mostly transmembrane proteins (CD44, TLR1, TLR2, GNG11, CSF1R, TYROBP, ITGB2, PECAM1), as well as DNMT1, CYBB and PSMB9 were identified as potential key players in the IgAN progression. In the constructed regulatory network, miR-129-2, miR-34a and miR-27a, as well as STAT3 were spotted as top molecules orchestrating the regulation of the hub genes.Conclusions: The excavated hub genes from the hearts of co-expressed modules and PPI network were mostly transmembrane signaling molecules. These genes and their upstream regulators could deepen our understanding of IgAN and be considered as potential targets for hindering its progression.
Momordica Janarthanamii (Cucurbitaceae); A Remarkable New Species From Northern Western Ghats, India
Authors: Gosavi Kumar Vinod C. , Gholave Avinash R. , Madhav Nilesh A. , Kambale Sharad S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Momordica janarthanamii, a new species L., is described and illustrated from northern Western Ghats, India. The new species is closely related to Momordica dioica Roxb. ex Willd. Colored photographs, economical value, ecological note and distribution of the new species are provided. A key for the dioecious species of Momordica from India has also been provided to facilitate identification.
Design of Precision Finishing Method for Cold Extruded Sun Gear With Internal External Tooth Shapes
Authors: Liu Zuofa , Wang Qiuyun , Zhou Jie , Feng Wenjie , Liang Qiang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Due to the complex metal flow in the cold extrusion of sun gear, the teeth accuracy of formed sun gear is poor. In order to improve the accuracy of the extruded sun gear, a novel precision f inishing method was proposed in this study. A new finite element ( prediction strategy was developed to obtain an in-depth understanding of the deviation distribution laws of the finished sun gear. Then, the forming laws of internal-external gears such as material flow, tooth deformation, forming load and tooth accuracy were analyzed using FE simulation and verified experiment. The investigation results show that the single deviations in profile and helix both first diminished remar ka bly , and then rose gradually while the single M value deviation decreased remarkably with increasing the tooth width The simulation results of teeth deviations are well agreed with the experimental ones, which verifies the reliability of the FE prediction strategy Moreover, the profile accuracy of external gear can be improved from ninth to seventh class, lead accuracy can be enhanced from tenth to eighth class, and total M value deviation of internal spline is reduced to 72.3 μm which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of t he precision finishing method
A Novel Technique of Full-Thickness Scleral Debridement in Fulminant Necrotising Infectious Scleritis and Its Outcomes - A Consecutive Case Series
Authors: KARKHUR SAMENDRA , SONI DEEPAK , SHARMA BHAVANA 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
PurposeWe report the outcomes of a novel technique of scleral debridement in five consecutive cases of relentlessly progressive and fulminant infectious scleritis following corticosteroid exposure.MethodsFive consecutive patients of infectious scleritis with a common history of corticosteroids exposure; resulting from either an initial misdiagnosis of autoimmune scleritis or as an adjunct to specific antimicrobial therapy. Data collection included presentation details including photographs, clinical findings, microbiological analysis, treatment details and audit of surgical videos. Cases with undisputed diagnosis of infectious scleritis with microbiological evidence; without corticosteroid use, were excluded from study.ResultsAfter full-thickness scleral debridement and cessation of corticosteroids, favourable anatomical and visual outcome was observed in all cases; however, two patients required multiple scleral debridements due to progressive scleritis. Scleral patch graft was not used in any case. Microbiology detected infective organisms in two cases, while the remaining revealed negative results. Therefore, specific antimicrobial therapy was initiated in former, whereas empirical broad-spectrum regimen in patients with repeatedly negative results. No recurrence of scleritis or development of ciliary staphyloma was noted and anatomical integrity was maintained at normal intraocular pressure during follow-up.ConclusionThis study highlights the fulminant and relentlessly progressive clinical course, that infectious scleritis can metamorphose into, despite specific anti-microbial therapy, if inadvertent corticosteroid therapy is administered. Full-thickness debridement without scleral patch graft could achieve elimination of infectious foci with favourable long-term anatomical and visual outcome. This technique could offer a potential last resort approach in such cases where standard therapeutic modalities have not been successful.
A Comparison between Placement of three interrupted sutures after Triangular Three-snip Punctoplasty vs conventional Triangular Three-snip Punctoplasty for treatment of lower punctal stenosis
Authors: Abdulhady Hesham Mohammed , Khairy Hany , Awara Amr , Mandour Sameh S. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aim

is to evaluate surgical outcome of Triangular Three-snip Punctoplasty (TSP) with three interrupted sutures and compare it to conventional Triangular Three-snip Punctoplasty (TSP) in treatment of acquired lower punctal stenosis.
Methods

This prospective study included 40 eyelids of 24 patients with acquired lower punctal stenosis grade 1 or grade 2 were classified in two groups. Group A was treated by triangular 3-snip punctoplasty of the lower punctum followed by three interrupted sutures at the posterior ampulla and group B was treated by conventional triangular 3-snip punctoplasty of the lower punctum. Grade of epiphora and grade of FDDT were measured preoperative then post-operative after 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months. Success was defined as postoperative improvement of epiphora and FDDT grading with no restenosis to occur.
Results

from 20 eyelids in group A, 16 cases showed success (80%) with patent puncta, 2 cases (10%) showed no change and 2 cases (10%) showed failure with restenosis. While from 20 eyelids in group B, 14 cases showed success (60%) with patent puncta, 4 cases (20%) showed no change and 4 cases (20%) showed failure with restenosis.
Conclusion

proposed triangular 3-snip punctoplasty of the lower punctum followed by three interrupted sutures seems to have better results compared to conventional triangular 3-snip punctoplasty of the lower punctum in treatment of grade 1 or 2 lower punctal stenosis.
Glaucoma Profile at the Tertiary Ophthalmic Centers in Ankara, Turkey
Authors: Bayer Atilla , Elgin Ufuk , Tekeli Oya , Takmaz Tamer , Ekşioğlu Ümit , Yarangümeli Alper , Mumcuoğlu Tarkan , Aktaş Zeynep , Güngör Sirel Gür , Karakurt Ahmet , Kemer Özlem Evren , Akman Ahmet 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients with glaucoma, who presented at the tertiary ophthalmology clinics in Ankara, Turkey.Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study included all of the consecutive glaucoma patients or glaucoma suspects who presented at ten different tertiary ophthalmology clinics in Ankara between March 2015 and May 2015. The demographic characteristics and clinical findings of the patients were evaluated. Glaucoma was diagnosed according to the International Society for Geographical and Epidemiological Ophthalmology Classification. In the patients with binocular glaucoma, only the data of the worse eye was included for statistical analyses. Results: A total of 4604 eyes of 2541 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were classified as having glaucoma. Binocular involvement was present in 2063 (81.2%) patients. Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) was the most common glaucoma type (38.8%), followed by exfoliative glaucoma (XFG; 26.2%), and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG; 7.7%). The distribution of the sexes was significantly different among the diagnosis groups (P < 0.001). The cup/disk ratio was the highest among the patients with secondary angle-closure glaucoma (SACG; P < 0.001). The visual field MD parameter was significantly higher in the patients with SACG and XFG (P < 0.001). Monocular and binocular blindness ratios were 21% and 2.8%, respectively.Conclusions: The predominant type of glaucoma in Turkish clinic patients was found to be POAG, followed by XFG and PACG.
A mass casualty incident of infectious diseases at the port of Hamburg: an analysis of organizational structures and emergency concepts
Authors: Klein Angelina , Heuser Julian , Henning Esther , Spössel Nadine , Kordsmeyer Ann-Christin , Oldenburg Marcus , Mojtahedzadeh Natascha , Heidrich Jan , Militzer Kristina Carolin , Belz Lukas , Münster Thomas von , Harth Volker , Ehlers Lena , Boer Jens de , Kleine-Kampmann Scarlett , Boldt Matthias , Dirksen-Fischer Martin , Haralambiev Lyubomir , Gümbel Denis , Ekkernkamp Axel , Bakir M. Sinan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND

The project “ARMIHN” (Adaptive Resiliency Management in Port) focuses on strengthening the capability to act in a mass casualty incident (MCI) due to an outbreak of infectious diseases (MCI-ID). In addition to the current threat from the COVID-19 pandemic and associated outbreaks on cruise ships, an MCI-ID can also be caused by pathogens such as Influenzavirus or Norovirus. The first step was, to get an overview of processes and resources using the example of the Port of Hamburg, and to show the relating interaction of involved parties. This will serve as a basis for developing an operational strategy and offers the opportunity to optimize current work processes.
METHODS

A selective literature research using specified key words was performed and existing MCI concepts were received from local authorities. Identified structures and processes were analyzed in a multiple step process and also brought together through discussions in workshops with involved organizations and other experts. Additionally, the distances between the nearest rescue stations and selected hospitals from the Port of Hamburg were analyzed.
RESULTS

The current available concepts are proven, but an adaptation to an MCI-ID shows opportunities for a further cross-organizational development. The organizational structure of an MCI-ID in the Port of Hamburg was described, including a large number of involved organizations (n = 18). There are 17 involved fire and rescue stations and the port can be reached from these locations within 6 to 35 minutes. Based on their specialist expertise, 14 of the 31 listed clinics were selected.
CONCLUSION

Based on identified existing structures and the determination of medical resources, an operational concept for an MCI-ID in the port can be adapted and can contribute to enhanced coping with this situation. Subsequently, the derived operational concept will be tested for practical suitability in several exercises within the present project.
Intramedullary Nailing for Pathological Fractures of the Proximal Humerus Caused by Multiple Myeloma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: xu guoqiang , wang gang , bai xiaodong , liu zhenyu , wang xinjia , wang baojun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma bone disease(MMBD) is indicative of multiple myeloma (MM), and it will reduce patient life quality. In addition to oncological, antineoplastic systemic therapy, surgical therapy in patients with MM represents an essential treatment pillar within the framework of supportive therapy measures and is the task of orthopedic tumor surgery. Nevertheless, there are few reports about applying intramedullary (IM) nailing in treating MM-induced proximal humeral fracture to prevent fixation loss. This paper aims to describe a case of pathological fracture of the proximal humerus caused by multiple myeloma effectively treated with IM nailing without removal of tumors and review the current literature.Case presentation: This study reported a 64-year-old male patient complaining of serious left shoulder pain and limited movement. X-ray films showed left proximal humeral fracture accompanying with osteoporosis and bone destruction. During the preoperative examinations, tumor markers, whole-body bone imaging and bone marrow biopsy were performed. The patient was finally diagnosed with multiple myeloma (IgAλ, IIIA/II). After the treatment of pathological fracture with IM nailing, the patient's function recovered and the pain was relieved rapidly. The visual analogue scale (VAS) reduced by 7 points to 2 points postoperatively compared with that preoperatively. Histopathological examination results presented plasma cell myeloma. Next, the patient received chemotherapy in the hematology department. Humeral fracture displayed good union in the 40-month follow-up, with complete healing of fracture, and the clinical outcome was still satisfactory.Conclusion: The pathological fracture of proximal humerus caused by multiple myeloma should be treated by surgery early. IM nail can be used for this kind of fracture without removal of tumors, bone cement augmentation for bone defect or local adjuvant therapy was also employed. Under the combined treatment, the proximal humerus fracture can eventually heal.
A computational model based on cortico-spinal fMRI for asymmetrically organized motor corticospinal networks in humans
Authors: Takasawa Eiji , Abe Mitsunari , Takagishi Kenji , Chikuda Hirotaka , Hanakawa Takashi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Evolution of the direct connection from primary motor cortex to motoneurons in the spinal cord parallels acquisition of hand dexterity and lateralization of hand preference. Recent studies indicated that the phylogenetically older pathway consisting of multi-synaptic connections from primary motor cortex to spinal motoneurons also participate in controlling dexterous hand movement. However, it remains unknown how the two corticospinal pathways work in concert to control unilateral hand movement with lateralized preference. Using corticospinal functional magnetic resonance imaging, we discovered the asymmetric organization of the two corticospinal networks that modelled monosynaptic or polysynaptic control from primary motor cortices over spinal motoneurons. Moreover, the degree of the involvement of the two corticospinal networks paralleled the lateralization of hand preference. The present results pointed to the functionally lateralized motor nervous system that underlies the behavioural asymmetry of handedness, a uniquely human trait which could have phylogenetically differentiated humans from other primates.
Evaluation on Influences of Inertial Mass on Seismic Responses and Structure-soil Interactions of Pile-soil-piers
Authors: XIE Wen , Sun Limin , He Tiantao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research is to assess the influences of the inertial mass from the girder on the dynamic characteristic, dynamic response, and structure-soil interaction of a pile-soil-pier subsystem in a scale-model of a cable-stayed bridge. Therefore, both connection configurations between the pile-soil-pier and girder, including the sliding and fixed connections, were designed to present various inertial mass from the superstructure delivered to the pile-soil-pier. The pile-soil-pier supported by a 3×3 pile-group in mixed soil placed in a shear box was tested using shaking tables. The dynamic characteristics, seismic responses, inertial interactions, and pile group effects of the pile-soil-pier between the sliding and fixed connections were analyzed under three input motions with different shaking amplitudes. These results showed that more inertial mass from the girder significantly increased the reinforcement strain and bending moment at the column bottom and pile top, displacement at the column top, inertial interaction effects, and pile group effects of the pile-soil-pier due to the sliding connection changing to the fixed connection. The inertial mass increment from the girder noticeably decreased the peak accelerations of the column of the pile-soil-pier when subjected to three input motions with different amplitudes. However, the inertial mass insignificantly affected the accelerations of the pile and free-soil. Therefore, the corresponding kinematic interaction effects were almost unaffected by the inertial mass. Additionally, the evident pile group effects were observed in the sliding and fixed connections between the pile-soil-pier and girder. 24 The numerical model could approximately reproduce the macroscopic seismic responses of the pile-soil-piers with sliding and fixed connections and capture the typical response variations induced by the connection configuration change.
Identification of climate change induced heat stress sensitive environments and prediction for diverse representative concentration pathways – A novel approach for tracking hotspots
Authors: R Sendhil , Ghimire Uttam , HM Mamrutha , K Rinki , G Balaganesh , Singh GP 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Climate change is unequivocal across economies and India owing to its distinct geography has been exposed to several climatic risks, especially in agriculture. Heat stress is a serious environmental problem posed by climate change, wherein mean temperature is expected to increase relatively more during wheat growing season affecting production and food security. In the milieu , the investigation is pioneered to predict heat stress sensitive wheat growing environments in India for research prioritization using a long term (30 years) historical daily data. The study has developed a methodological approach by integrating statistical downscaling of climate information and principal component analysis for computing heat stress intensity index (HSII) for 17 experiment locations across wheat growing environments. HSII were estimated for existing locations post testing for Levene’s homogeneity of variance, followed by prediction for three periods’ viz., early-future (2026-2050), mid-future (2051-2075) and far-future (2076-2100) under two emission scenarios namely RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The results alarmed a radical shift in HSII of experiment locations from one period to another in both scenarios. Experiment locations with high index values for the existing environment has moved almost to lower category in the early future and subsequently shifted to higher position in the mid-future and far-future. The investigation also found that under projected RCP4.5, trial locations in peninsular zone need more emphasis, whereas in RCP8.5, peninsular zone coupled with central zone and north eastern plains zone have to be focused. Overall, the study develops a pragmatic approach in location prioritization across predicted periods which can be replicated to other regions. On policy front, rational allocation of research funds has been suggested to carry out field trials on climate change induced heat stress sensitive environments for sustaining the national wheat production apart from developing micro-level adaptation strategies to counter adverse effects of climate change.
Study on the Optimization and Stability of Single-dose Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Modelling in Rats
Authors: Zhang Yao , Zhang Jiao , Hong Ming , Huang Jingyi , Wang Rui , Tan Bo , Huang Ping , Cao Hongying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aim: This study was performed to optimize the experimental conditions in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic model by using Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to evaluate the stability of the model.Methods: In addition to the control group, the male and female SD rats were randomly divided into the following treatment groups (with six rats per group): STZ 45 (45 mg/kg STZ); STZ 65 (65 mg/kg STZ); STZ 85 (85 mg/kg STZ); high-fat diet with STZ 45; high-fat diet with STZ 65; and high-fat diet with STZ 85. Changes in the body weight and blood glucose were observed dynamically. Results: No significant differences were found in the blood glucose or body weight between the STZ 45 and control groups in both male and female rats, whether or not the rats were on a high-fat diet. However, significant differences were found in the blood glucose between the high-dose STZ and control groups in both male and female rats, regardless of whether the rats were on a high-fat diet or not (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Compared with the control group, significant differences in the blood glucose levels (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and higher blood glucose levels were found in the male rats fed with normal diet than those of rats fed with high-fat diet.Conclusions: In this study, male rats fed with ordinary feed and injected with 65 mg/kg STZ were the most stable and ideal diabetic rats.