bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dessine-moi un FMI
Authors: ORTIZ Horacio , JACOMIN Nelson 
Published: September 2021

Inévitablement, les technocraties posent aux chercheurs des difficultés pour être appréhendées à leur juste mesure. D’ailleurs, elles n’ont cessé de produire des objets démesurés. On sait que le Codex européen fait 9 000 pages et que les accords du Brexit sont loin de se résumer à quelques feuillets… Incompréhensibles ou plutôt impréhensibles par tout humain normalement constitué. Le Fonds monétaire international (FMI) constitue un cas exemplaire de cette démesure technocratique. Comment en effet le localiser, le territorialiser quand il recouvre la finance mondiale ? Où le situer et comment le qualifier ? Est-ce un modulateur, un régulateur, un opérateur dans des flux d’échanges ? Concrètement, il s’agit d’un bâtiment localisé à New York, avec des couloirs et des bureaux. En réalité, on le voit bien pour n’importe quel chercheur travaillant sur la finance mondiale, étudier le FMI signifie embrasser toutes ses activités, l’ensemble de ses productions, le spectre des affaires, des pays et des opérations dans lesquelles il est impliqué, bref essayer de percer l’opacité de son régime normal d’activité. Horacio Ortiz nous rappelle que cette institution est une technocratie qui cherche à imposer à l’échelle mondiale sa logique, logique qui est avant tout politique. Peut-être faut-il postuler que l’on a affaire à un drôle d’organisme, sublime, parce qu’il cherche à opérer une synthèse entre des mouvements contradictoires. D’où la difficulté de figuration qu’il pose à quiconque cherche à le représenter. Difficulté que Nelson Jacomin cherche à dépasser en substituant aux graphes bien ordonnés et aux courbes bien soignées, un autre agencement, un véritable chaos graphique destiné à agir de manière subliminale.Chapô : EMMANUEL GRIMAUD & ANTHON STAVRIANAKIS
Numéritocratie
Authors: BRUNO Isabelle , POPHILLAT Lucie 
Published: September 2021

Parcoursup : la « règle d’airain du libéralisme » de David Graeber à l’œuvre. Toute action gouvernementale visant à améliorer l’efficacité d’une organisation signifie nécessairement plus de procédures, plus de confusion, plus de place pour les erreurs. Comme le montrent Isabelle Bruno et Lucie Pophillat, Parcoursup a franchi un nouveau seuil du sublime bureaucratique : la technocratie algorithmique transforme « la dure chape d’acier » de Max Weber en une matrice qui s’étend de façon oppressive. Son langage est hermétique – tout en revendiquant la transparence –, ses grilles sont réductrices et ses injonctions contradictoires. Ajoutez à cela le paramètre de la pression temporelle : 3, 2, 1, GO ! La turbo-bureaucratie produit un parcours d’orientation et d’obstacles infernal. Les étudiants comme les enseignants font un dur travail d’imagination pour comprendre les opérations de base de cette infrastructure technique ultra-opaque. Que veut-elle ? Trouvez-le. Plus vite que ça. Le mécanisme est censé juger les élèves à leur juste valeur, une valeur calculée à la virgule près. Il nous enjoint à y croire. Parcoursup fonctionne à l’adhésion, à la complicité. Les participants, de tous côtés de l’interface, jouent le jeu comme si la technocratie réalisait la méritocratie. Mais dans la machine, ce n’est pas l’Homo meritocratus mais l’Homo numéritocraticus qui prend forme. Les images de Lucie Pophillat nous entraînent dans le monde affectif de cette course effrénée, de plus en plus confinée et désorientée. Des manicules semblent indiquer le chemin. À moins, bien sûr, qu’elles n’entraînent sur de fausses pistes.Chapô : EMMANUEL GRIMAUD & ANTHONY STAVRIANAKIS
Bureaumancie
Authors: BAUDOUIN Philippe , LAURENT Gaspard 
Published: September 2021

Quelles sont les limites de la raison technocratique ? Que se passe-t-il lorsque les formes méthodiques des procédures bureaucratiques sont orientées vers des choses qui dépassent les vivants ? Telles sont les questions auxquelles s’attelle Philippe Baudouin, dans son étude de la « bureaumancie », à travers deux figures de l’histoire de l’occultisme français. Sous les traits de la voyante antisémite et collaborationniste Geneviève Zaepffel, le pouvoir bureaucratique révèle ses velléités de domination et de manipulation mentale, velléités que l’illustrateur Gaspard Laurent présente dans leurs aspects les plus menaçants, grâce au pouvoir d’une iconographie fondée sur une esthétique de la déconstruction et du détournement. Les archives de Léon Couette nous emmènent, quant à elles, dans une autre direction. Éclairant de façon différente le premier cas évoqué, l’analyse de la paperasse produite par ce « détective psychique » s’attache à souligner le caractère particulièrement poreux des frontières qui séparent l’administration de l’ici-bas de celle de l’au-delà, rappelant par là même que, de fait, il n’existe point de limites à la raison technocratique.Chapô : EMMANUEL GRIMAUD & ANTHONY STAVRIANAKIS
Crash
Authors: ROQUES Éléonore , JACOMIN Nelson 
Published: September 2021

Les crashs d’avions génèrent une masse considérable de données techniques, d’analyses spécialisées, de rapports d’enquête, toute une bureaucratie qui est à la mesure de la puissance de perturbation de l’événement. Éléonore Roques a examiné notamment les rapports du Bureau des enquêtes et des analyses (BEA) et de l’Agence nationale de l’aviation civile et de la météorologie (ANACM). Elle montre que plus l’énigme est intense, plus les rapports et les enquêtes se multiplient dans une véritable tentative d’épuisement des possibilités. Cette « bureaucratie du crash », comme elle la nomme, fait resurgir l’activité d’une foule d’agents ignorés, de forces et de facteurs invisibles qui vont bien au-delà des derniers gestes du pilote, de la boîte noire ou des dernières perturbations vécues par l’appareil. Tout élément présent dans l’environnement technique, humain, météorologique, peut devenir, à un moment, un autre « agent trouble » et nécessite un travail fastidieux de cartographie et une enquête scrupuleuse. Quand ? On s’enferme dans une boîte en suspens dans l’air, tout élément devient actif, dynamique, potentiellement cause ou effet. On sous-estime généralement que le soleil, les nuages, le vent, la gravité, ont un fonctionnement propre au même titre qu’un moteur à réaction, l’aileron d’un avion ou le siège d’un passager. Ce n’est que lorsqu’il y a crise ou crash que l’on va s’intéresser à la répartition des forces en présence, à leur contribution sous l’angle de leur fonctionnement et à la possibilité que surgissent des événements incompréhensibles ou qui dépassent nos capacités de codage. C’est ce problème des limites de nos facultés à coder l’inattendu ou l’imprévu qu’Éléonore Roques et Nelson Jacomin ont cherché à interroger en mimant le crash du rapport lui-même (ou du processus d’enquête) : le rapport, entre leurs mains, passe à travers plusieurs couches de codage/lissage et se perd ensuite dans une sorte d’infini informatique, constitué d’une seule ligne de code qui se répète à l’infini. Le crash ici n’est donc pas celui d’un avion, mais celui de la technicité qui fait face soudain à son angle mort, à ce qu’elle ne peut embrasser, appréhender, réguler ou coder.Chapô : EMMANUEL GRIMAUD & ANTHONY STAVRIANAKIS
KAP1-Mediated Epigenetic Suppression in Anti-RNA Viral Responses by Direct Targeting RIG-I and MDA5
Authors: Li Qi , Qin Ying , Wang Wenwen , Jia Mutian , Zhao Wei , Zhao Chunyuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Retinoic acid–inducible gene-I (RIG-I)–like receptors (RLRs), including RIG-I (encoded by Ddx58) and melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA5) (encoded by Ifih1), are crucial for initiating antiviral responses. Endogenous retroviral elements (ERVs) are transposable elements derived from exogenous retroviruses that are integrated into the genome. KRAB-associated protein 1 (KAP1) is a key epigenetic suppressor of ERVs that protects cells from detrimental genome instability. Increased ERV transcripts are sensed by RLRs and trigger innate immune signaling. However, whether KAP1 directly controls RLRs activity remains unclear. In this study, we show that KAP1 attenuates RNA viral infection–induced type I IFNs and facilitates viral replication by inhibiting RIG-I/MDA5 expression in primary peritoneal macrophages (PMs) of C57BL/6J mice. Kap1 deficiency increases IFN-β expression and inhibits vesicular stomatitis virus replication in C57BL/6J mice in vivo. Mechanistically, KAP1 binds to the promoter regions of Ddx58 and Ifih1 and promotes the establishment of repressive histone marks in primary PMs of C57BL/6J mice. Concordantly, KAP1 suppresses the expression of RIG-I and MDA5 at the transcriptional level in primary PMs of C57BL/6J mice. Our results establish that KAP1 epigenetically suppresses host antiviral responses by directly targeting RIG-1 and MDA5, thus facilitating the immune escape of RNA viruses.
Long noncoding RNA H19 accelerates tenogenic differentiation by modulating miR-140-5p/VEGFA signaling
Authors: Liu You-Jie , Wang Hua-Jun , Xue Zhao-Wen , Cheang Lek-Hang , Tam Man-Seng , Li Ri-Wang , Li Jie-Ruo , Hou Hui-Ge , Zheng Xiao-Fei 
Published: September 2021

Rotator cuff tear (RCT) is a common tendon injury, but the mechanisms of tendon healing remain incompletely understood. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of tenogenic differentiation is essential to develop novel therapeutic strategies in clinical treatment of RCT. The long noncoding RNA H19 plays a regulatory role in tenogenic differentiation and tendon healing, but its detailed mechanism of action remains unknown. To elucidate the role of H19 in tenogenic differentiation and tendon healing, tendon-derived stem cells were harvested from the Achilles tendons of Sprague Dawley rats and a rat model of cuff tear was established for the exploration of the function of H19 in promoting tenogenic differentiation. The results showed that H19 overexpression promoted, while H19 silencing suppressed, tenogenic differentiation of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs). Furthermore, bioinformatic analyses and a luciferase reporter gene assay showed that H19 directly targeted and inhibited miR-140-5p to promote tenogenic differentiation. Further, inhibiting miR-140-5p directly increased VEGFA expression, revealing a novel regulatory axis between H19, miR-140-5p, and VEGFA in modulating tenogenic differentiation. In rats with RTC, implantation of H19-overexpressing TDSCs at the lesion promoted tendon healing and functional recovery. In general, the data suggest that H19 promotes tenogenic differentiation and tendon-bone healing by targeting miR-140-5p and increasing VEGFA levels. Modulation of the H19/miR-140-5p/VEGFA axis in TDSCs is a new potential strategy for clinical treatment of tendon injury.
Prevalence and types of color vision deficiency among primary school students in Alexandria
Authors: Elshazly Alaa A.B. , El-Hinnawi Hazem M. , Osman Ihab M. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of color vision deficiency (CVD) among primary school students in Alexandria, Egypt.

Setting
This study was carried out at three primary schools in Alexandria, Egypt.

Patients and methods
This cross-sectional study was carried out among three primary school students in Alexandria, Egypt. Ocular examination including visual acuity and color vision testing with Ishihara plates (38-plate edition) was performed for all the students included. Further assessment using the Farnsworth–Munsell 100-hue test was performed for students who failed the Ishihara plates test.

Results
A total of 1000 (495 males and 505 females) school students were screened for CVD. The mean age of the students was 9±2.16 years. The overall prevalence of CVD was 1.9%, with a prevalence of 2.8 and 0.9% in males and females, respectively, a statistically significant difference (P=0.04). Among the CVD students, 36.8% had deuteranopia, 31.5% had deuteranomaly, 26.3% had protanopia, and 5.3% had tritanopia.

Conclusion
The prevalence of CVD was 1.9%, with a male predominance, among primary school students in Alexandria. Deutan color vision defects were the most prevalent.
Buccal mucous membrane graft-assisted dacryocystorhinostomy for management of refractory acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Authors: Tharwat Ahmed 
Published: September 2021

Aim
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of buccal mucous membrane graft-assisted-dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) for the treatment of refractory acquired nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective, interventional case series study that included 10 patients with acquired NLD obstruction (12 eyes), associated with expected poor mucosal flaps (either due to previous failed DCR or atrophic rhinitis). In nine eyes failed previous DCR procedures were reported, while three eyes had associated atrophic rhinitis evidenced by nasal examination. Two patients had bilateral obstruction. All eyes had symptomatic epiphora. All eyes were treated with modified DCR using a buccal mucous membrane graft. The outcome was assessed in terms of relief of epiphora, patency of irrigation testing, and patency of the osteotomy site assessed by rhinoscopy at the third postoperative month, in addition to the duration of the procedure and the postoperative complications.

Results
After a minimum follow-up period of 6 months, in 11 (91.7%) out of the 12 eyes with epiphora, there was complete relief of tearing. Lacrimal passages were patent to irrigation testing postoperatively. One case with late advanced atrophic rhinitis showed recurrence of tearing after silicone tube removal. No complications to the donor graft site or surgical site were observed.

Conclusion
Buccal mucous membrane grafting-assisted DCR (at the level of the flaps) is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of cases of refractory acquired NLD obstruction.
Visual and safety outcomes of a new implantable phakic contact lens in patients with a high degree of myopia
Authors: Elkareem Ashraf M. Gad , Nooreldin Asaad 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the safety profile and efficacy of a new implantable phakic contact lens (IPCL V2.0) in patients with a high degree of myopia.

Patients and methods
This is a prospective study that was carried out to evaluate the surgical outcome of IPCL V2 implantation in 46 eyes of 32 patients with a high degree of myopia. The refractive results, visual acuity (LogMar values), endothelial cell count of the cornea and intraocular pressure were evaluated at baseline and at 1, 6, and 12 months postsurgery. Any complications either during or after surgery were assessed.

Results
A significant improvement in the uncorrected distance visual acuity was achieved. It improved from 1.2±0.21 at baseline to 0.36±0.20 at 12 months postoperatively (P=0.002). The index of efficacy [uncorrected distance visual acuity at 12 months postoperatively/corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) at baseline) was 1.1 and the safety index (CDVA at 12 months/CDVA at baseline] was 1.5. The mean spherical equivalent at baseline was −13.8±4.1 diopters (D) and improved to −0.6±0.7 D at 12 months postoperatively (P<0.003). The average endothelial cell count was 2479±173 cells/mm2 preoperatively and decreased to 2399±156 cells/mm2 at 12 months postoperatively, which was a statistically insignificant change (P=0.14). The mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 14.7±2.6 mmHg and mmHg at 12 months postoperatively, it was 14.9±2.5 mmHg, a statistically nonsignificant change (P=0.14). No cases of cataract were noticed during the follow-up period.

Conclusion
The IPCL V2.0 implantation to correct high myopia showed a stable visual outcome and safety profile. Moreover, it provided a more economical alternative to correct high myopia. Long-term studies are required to further assess the efficacy and outcome of this lens.
Comparison of topical and intracameral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on pupillary size and postoperative inflammation in cataract surgery
Authors: Howaidy Ahmed , Abdelmotaal Hazem , Zeiad H. 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The aim of this study was to compare the changes in pupillary size, postoperative inflammation, and macular thickness in patients who were subjected to phacoemulsification and received different topical and intracameral NSAIDs.

Patients and methods
This was a prospective randomized study that recruited 284 patients with visually significant cataract for whom uneventful phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation was performed. Candidates were randomly assigned to receive preoperative topical nepafenac, topical ketorolac, intraoperative intracameral ketorolac, or no NSAIDs.

Results
Topical nepafenac, topical ketorolac, and intracameral ketorolac had significantly maintained less intraoperative pupil size fluctuation than the placebo group (P=0.033, 0.001, and 0.048, respectively). In addition, topical nepafenac-treated, topical ketorolac-treated, and intracameral ketorolac-treated groups had less postoperative anterior chamber cells than the placebo group at 1 day (P=0.019, 0.421, and 0.515, respectively) and at 1 week, postoperatively (P=0.037, 0.089, and 0.298, respectively). However, at 1 month postoperatively, all study groups had similar minimal anterior chamber reaction with an insignificant difference (P=0.237, 0.379, and 0.342, respectively). Retinal thickness increased in all study groups 1 month after cataract surgery. However, topical and intracameral ketorolac groups had significantly less central macular thickness change as compared with the placebo (P=0.009 and 0.004, respectively).

Conclusion
The use of topical or intracameral NSAIDs yielded less intraoperative fluctuation in pupil size and lower postoperative inflammation than the placebo group. The topical nepafenac group had less postoperative inflammation, whereas the ketorolac-treated patients had the least changes in retinal thickness.
Topical cyclosporine A for the treatment of dry eye
Authors: ElShazly Injy Y. , Morsy Mahmoud H. , Bekhit Adnan A. , Ramadan Alyaa A. , Mossallam Ehab F. 
Published: September 2021

Aim
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of topical cyclosporine A (CsA) in treatment of moderate-to-severe dry eye.

Setting and design
This is a prospective randomized comparative clinical study that was carried out at Alexandria Main University Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt.

Patients and methods
The study included 80 eyes of 40 patients with moderate-to-severe dry eye. Patients were divided into two groups: group I received topical CsA 0.05%, and group II were controls. Patients were assessed at weeks 1, 4, and 12 during and after the treatment phase for changes from the baseline using Schirmer's test, tear break-up time (TBUT), fluorescein staining, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI).

Results
There were greater improvements in group I than in group II in Schirmer's test results (P=0.002), TBUT (P=0.001), and OSDI scores (P=0.009) at week 4. At week 12 posttreatment phase, the improvement in group I kept on more slowly toward stability for Schirmer's test (P=0.004) and TBUT (P=0.002), whereas the improvement in fluorescein staining and OSDI scores was not significant (P=0.706 and 0.065, respectively).

Conclusion
CsA ophthalmic oily solution 0.05% was demonstrated to be effective. It decreased the manifestations of dry-eye disease. Additionally, its effect continued to occur significantly within the treatment periods and the improvement of the ocular condition kept on, actually, more slowly toward stability, although the drug was already discontinued.
Idiopathic epiretinal membrane removal with and without internal limiting membrane peeling
Authors: El Shafei Ahmed M. , Kamal Mahmoud , Azab Amr , Nassef Mohamed 
Published: September 2021

Aim
This is a prospective comparative study of the macular morphology and visual outcome after epiretinal membrane (ERM) removal with and without internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling in cases of idiopathic ERM. The study was carried out in the Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt from February 2015 to February 2017.

Patients and methods
A total of 40 eyes of 40 patients with visually significant idiopathic ERM were included in the study. A standard three-port 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) was conducted in all patients. Twenty eyes (Group A) were subjected to ERM removal only, while ILM peeling with ERM removal was performed in the other 20 eyes (Group B). Central macular thickness (CMT) and foveal contour on optical coherence tomography (OCT) in addition to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were obtained at baseline and at 1, 3, 6 and 12months postoperatively.

Results
The mean BCVA significantly improved in both groups, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups at 12 months postoperatively (P=0.053). The mean preoperative and postoperative BCVA were 0.19 and 0.50 decimal units, respectively, in group A, while in group B, the mean preoperative and postoperative BCVA were 0.13 and 0.44 decimal units, respectively. Despite a statistically significant more reduction of CMT in group A compared with group B at 1 month postoperatively (324.80 and 403.95 µm, respectively, P=0.01), no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups at 12 months postoperatively (277.40 and 306.20 µm, respectively). Normal foveal contour was achieved in 13 (65%) and 6 (30%) eyes in groups A and B, respectively.

Conclusion
Anatomical and functional improvements could be achieved in both groups, with no statistically significant difference at 12 months postoperatively. Adding ILM peeling to idiopathic ERM removal did not appear to improve the outcome in this cohort. Therefore, ILM should not be routinely peeled as safety remains controversial.
Optical coherence tomography angiography as a prediction tool for diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Eltohamy Soha M.M. 
Published: September 2021

Background
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) represents the leading cause of blindness in working-age people. It affects about one in every three diabetic patients. This visual loss can be prevented by early detection and proper management.

Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the ability of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to detect subclinical changes in parafoveal capillaries in diabetic patients without DR.

Patients and methods
This prospective case–control study was conducted upon 50 participants who were divided into two groups: group A (25 diabetic patients without clinical manifestation of DR) and group B (25 healthy control participants of matched age and sex with group A). The two groups were compared regarding the parameters of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, perimeter, and FD (flow density of retinal capillaries within 300 µm surrounding the FAZ) in addition to the parafoveal vessel density of superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP and DCP) on macular scans (3×3 mm) centered on the fovea by OCTA.

Results
There were statistically significant differences in FAZ area, perimeter, and FD together with parafoveal vessel density of SCP and DCP between healthy controls and diabetic patients without DR. The mean FAZ area of the healthy control group B was 0.27±0.08 mm2 compared with 0.32±0.11 mm2 in the diabetic group A (P=0.01). In addition, the FAZ perimeter was significantly increased (P=0.003) in the diabetic patients without DR (2.39±0.56 mm) compared with the control (2.11±31 mm). Statistically significant decreases of vessel density in the FD-300, SCP, and DCP were observed in diabetic patients without DR compared with controls (all P<0.001). Regarding the FD-300, the mean value in the control group was 49.98±2.67%, whereas in the diabetic group it was 48.11±0.58%. The mean VD of the SCP in the healthy control group B was 47.62±2.58% compared with 44.32±3.01% in the diabetic group. The mean VD of the DCP in the healthy control group B was 56.13±2.23% versus 50.21±2.56% in the diabetic group.

Conclusion
OCTA is an effective tool in the early detection of microvascular changes of diabetic patients with no clinical manifestations of DR. Vessel density and FAZ metrics were proven to be early biomarkers for DR before becoming clinically evident.