bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A silvicultura do eucalipto na Região Geográfica Intermediária de Araguaína: implicações socioespaciais sob a ótica do meio técnico-científico-informacional
Authors: Guedes Luciano Da Silva , Trindade Júnior Saint-Clair Cordeiro da 
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo abordar a expansão e as implicações socioespaciais do eucalipto na Região Geográfica Intermediária de Araguaína (RGIA), tomando como base teórica o pensamento de Milton Santos quanto ao meio técnico-científico-informacional e ao uso do território. Foram realizadas incursões a campo nos municípios que vêm se consolidando na produção dessa atividade econômica na região, considerados depoimentos de sujeitos ligados às empresas e de segmentos sociais locais, registros fotográficos, levantamentos de dados secundários e elaboração de mapas, que, em conjunto, permitiram verificar a expansão e a transformação da atividade na região em referência. Os resultados apontaram um crescimento aproximado de 300% das áreas de eucalipto entre os anos de 2010 a 2020, implicando mudanças na estrutura fundiária regional, impactos em comunidades tradicionais locais, tecnificação e racionalização da paisagem, o que permite concluir que o meio técnico-científico-informacional se expressa em uma materialidade dialética global/local, em graus de manifestação de verticalidades e horizontalidades no uso do território na área pesquisada.
Políticas de governança ambiental urbana na arena eleitoral: o caso do Rio de Janeiro nas eleições municipais de 2016
Authors: Barros Antonio Teixeira de 
Published: April 2021

O artigo analisa como os 11 candidatos à eleição para a prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro em 2016 incorporaram temas ambientais em seus programas de governo, especialmente propostas de governança ambiental urbana. O levantamento foi realizado no período de setembro a outubro de 2016, durante a campanha eleitoral. A metodologia consiste na análise dos referidos programas. De forma complementar, foram realizadas entrevistas com integrantes das equipes que gerenciaram a campanha eleitoral dos candidatos, a fim de colher subsídios para incrementar a análise qualitativa. As principais conclusões indicam que, dos 11 candidatos, oito apresentaram propostas de governança ambiental para a cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os programas mais elaborados são de Alessandro Molon, Jandira Feghali e Marcelo Freixo. Isso se deve a três fatores: engajamento pessoal desses candidatos na construção das propostas ambientais, envolvimento com os movimentos e entidades ecológicas e a colaboração de especialistas em políticas públicas e governança ambiental.
Reakcija presadka proti gostitelju po transfuziji krvi in kako jo preprečimo
Authors: Barbarić Kovačić Aleksandra , Stanišić Slavica , Zver Samo 
Published: April 2021

S transfuzijo povezana reakcija presadka proti gostitelju (angl. Transfusion associated graft versus host disease, TA-GvHD) je redek, vendar resen in življenje ogrožajoč zaplet po transfuziji krvnih pripravkov. Posledica, kolikor do nje pride, je bolnikova smrt v več kot 90 % primerov. Po transfuziji krvi se osebi z imunsko pomanjkljivostjo limfociti T iz darovalčeve krvi odzovejo na celične in tkivne antigene prejemnika krvi. Zato darovalčevi limfociti T aktivirajo in uničijo tarčne celice v tkivih prejemnika. Vzrok, da se imunske celice prejemnika ne odzovejo tako, da bi onemogočile darovalčeve limfocite T, je pomanjkljivost imunskega odziva pri prejemniku in le izjemoma vprašanje skladnosti HLA med prejemnikom in darovalcem.
Obsevanje krvnih pripravkov z ionizirajočimi žarki je najbolj učinkovita metoda za preprečevanje TA-GvHD. Patogensko inaktiviranje s psoralenom in UVA-žarki je enakovredno obsevanju, vendar se zaenkrat uporablja samo za trombocitne pripravke. Zato je pomembno, da lečeči zdravnik prepozna bolnike, pri katerih lahko nastane TA-GvHD in za njih naroča zgolj obsevane krvne pripravke. Obsevamo eritrocite, granulocite ter trombocite, kadar niso patogensko inaktivirani. Sveže zmrznjene plazme, krioprecipitata, zdravil iz krvi, kot so albumin, imunoglobulini, faktorji strjevanja krvi ... ter eritrocitov po odmrzovanju ne obsevamo, ker je vsebnost limfocitov T zanemarljiva. Priporočen osrednji obsevalni odmerek je znotraj 25–50 Gy.
Low composite functional movement screen score associated with decline of gait stability in young adults
Authors: Lee Myeounggon , Youm Changhong , Noh Byungjoo , Park Hwayoung 
Published: April 2021

Background
The functional movement screen (FMS)TM is a screening tool used to evaluate fundamental motor function. A score of 14 for the composite total FMS score (TFMS) is generally used as the cut-off point (≤14/21). In addition, gait analysis is used to evaluate fundamental motor function in humans. Thus, evaluating the fundamental motor function using the FMSTM test and gait analysis at various speeds can provide further understanding of any decline in gait stability. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between gait ability and fundamental movement patterns in young adults according to the cut-off point.

Methods
A total of 439 participants (male: 203, female: 236) successfully completed the FMS test and a 1 min treadmill test; the participants were classified into two groups: low TFMS (≤14) and high TFMS (>14).

Results
The low TFMS group exhibited slower and shortened walking patterns and worsen gait variability than the high TFMS group. The coefficient of variance (CV) for the double support phase at a faster speed (male) and the stride length at a slower speed (female) were classifiers between the two groups. In addition, the low TFMS group demonstrated insufficient gait adaptation at the preferred and faster speeds based on the CV of the double support phase and gait asymmetry. Lower TFMS is associated with a decline in gait ability. Therefore, participants with a lower TFMS and poor gait ability may require intervention programs to prevent risk of future injury and to enhance motor function.
Alcohol Related Facial Injuries
Authors: Arthur Nwashindi , Dim E. M. 
Published: April 2021

Aim: Consumption of alcohol plays a key role in traumatic injuries The capacity of alcohol to distort human cognitive ability and reasoning makes it an important factor in the causation of motor vehicle and interpersonal violence-related injuries The aim of this study was to investigate the role of alcohol in severe facial injuries in settings of motor vehicular crashes and interpersonal violence.
Study Design: A prospective study of 118 patients who suffered alcohol-related facial injuries.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the University of Uyo teaching hospital Uyo, Nigeria over a 5-year period, from January 2007 to January 2021.
Methodology: The variables analyzed included socio demographics, nature of injury and sites of injuries. Alcohol Use Disturbance Identification Test (AUDIT test) was used to identify risks and damages of alcohol use and dependence. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0. Multivariate analysis was carried out using binary logistic regression analysis, P = 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results: A total of 118 patients suffered alcohol-related facial injuries in the period of the study. There were 97 males and 21 females, giving a male to female ratio of 4:1 The mean age of the patients’ population was 43 .The commonest age range involved in alcohol-related facial injuries was 29-38 years. Road traffic injuries were the commonest cause of facial injuries. Medium risk alcohol consumption and male gender were identified as risk factors for moderate and severe injuries as well as for avulsive injuries.
Conclusion: Alcohol-related injuries often turn out severe, and the identifiable risk factors include male gender, high-risk alcohol consumption and road traffic crashes.
A Comprehensive Review and Perspective of Herbal Medicines in the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Moin Afrasim , Meenakshi S. , Rizvi Syed Mohd Danish , Nandini Nanhi , Hussain Talib , Hussain Arshad , Meghana G. S. , Manohar M. , Sathishbabu P. , Gowda D. V. 
Published: April 2021

Background: An emergent COVID-19 outbreak originated in Wuhan City, in December 2019. The COVID-19 contamination has swiftly unfold from Wuhan to maximum different provinces and different 24 countries. WHO declared a public health emergency of global concern over this worldwide COVID-19 outbreak on 30th January 2020. Manifold research has been intensely initiated for immunization and drug development for COVID-19 till date no specific vaccine or approved drugs are accessible for COVID-19. Alternatively, therapy consists of supportive care and non-specific anti-viral, anti-malarial, and antibiotics are being testedas drugs for COVID-19. Though, novel approaches could play a crucial role to combat mortality rate and patient recovery in the treatment of COVID-19.
Objective: To reveal the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and comparison of promising synthetic and natural drug targets to avert and cure of COVID-19.
Method: This article sets a brief understanding of the viral characteristics, its life cycle, infection to humans, and the pathophysiology of the disease. It also throws light on the currently used synthetic medicines. we have reviewed the effect of natural products to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection. Their mechanisms of action have been elaborately discussed. literature research was undertaken using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and WHO website. The different herbal products (extracts) and their moieties which are promising as anti-SARS-CoV-2 by direct inhibition of the virus replication or entry has also been discussed.
Results and Conclusion: In conclusion we have highlighted that natural therapeutics either alone or in combinationcould be used as alternative medicines to treat/prevent COVID-19 infection. Moreover, their structures may offer clues for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.The integration of nanocarriers for effectively delivering the conventional as well as the herbal drugs becomes a key point for their efficacy and safety.
Impact of the Emerging COVID-19 Pandemic on the Consumption of Multivitamins (C, D and Zinc) by the Saudi Arabian Population
Authors: Bakhshwin Duaa Mohamed , Bakhshwin Abdulaziz 
Published: April 2021

Background: On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the Coronavirus outbreak officially as a pandemic. This pandemic has led to new measurements to prevent viral spread. The measures included decreasing the person’s mobility outside homes with subsequent changes in the lifestyles, particularly in physical activity and eating habits. It has been noticed that consumption of some vitamins may help in preventing or reducing the symptoms of viral infection. Those vitamins include vitamin C, D and zinc. There is a common observation that the general public believes that the use of vitamins, especially vitamins C, D and zinc, reduces the chance of acquiring COVID-19.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on taking vitamins supplements by the Saudi general population in order to explore their believes regarding the protective value of these vitamins against COVID-19 infection.
Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administrated questionnaire that was designed, uploaded to the Google form and distributed online to the general Saudi population through the social media (Whatsapp, Twitter) as well as through email between August and December 2020. Statistical Packaged of Social Sciences program (SPSS) for Windows (version 17.0., Chicago: SPSS Inc) was used to analyze the data. A significant difference was considered when the p value is < 0.05. Student t-test and Chi-square (χ2) test were used to compare the studied variables as appropriate.
Results: A total of 1043 participants were included in this study (64.9% females, 35.1% males). The mean age for them was 35.3±14.78 years. Only 9.3% (97 participants) were diagnosed to have COVID-19. About 28% of the participants were in contact with COVID-19 cases. Among participants diagnosed to have COVID-19 infection, (13% versus 29%) were taking vitamin C and (2% versus 15%) were taking zinc supplements daily during the 6 months before and after the pandemic, respectively, while (20% versus 25%) were taking vitamin D supplements weekly during the 6 months before and after the pandemic, respectively. Among participants who were in contact with COVID-19 cases, (8% versus 20%) and (3% versus 11%) were taking vitamin C and zinc supplements daily during the 6 months before and after the pandemic, respectively, while (14% versus 16%) were taking vitamin D supplements weekly during the 6 months before and after the pandemic
Conclusion: The interest of taking multivitamin by Saudi population, such as vitamins C and D, zinc increased during and after the pandemic compared to that before it. There is no scientific evidence based on previous studies confirmed the role of dietary supplementation and multivitamins in preventing COVID-19 infection, therefore, effective education on the rationale use of vitamins during COVID-19 pandemic should be emphasized at local and/or national levels.
Facile Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Phoenix dactylifera L. Seed Extract and Their Antibacterial Applications
Authors: Majid Abdul , Naz Farah , Jamro Hatim Ali , Ansari Bilal , Abbasi Sanaullah , Lal Sham , Ujjan Safdar Ali 
Published: April 2021

Aim: The synthesis methods of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have got great attention in recent years, due to their variety in physicochemical properties and applications. This study aimed for the green synthesis of the IONPs using an aqueous extract of P. dactylifera L. seeds for its antibacterial applications.
Methodology: IONPs were prepared in an aqueous seed extract of P. dactylifera L. The physicochemical characterisations were performed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study the shape of obtained nanoparticle, energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) for elemental confirmation of iron and oxygen, dynamic light scattering (DLS) for particles size measurement, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) for saturation magnetisation, Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for chemical confirmation of function groups and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystalline nature. The polyphenols contents were also determined; we suggest that the presence of phenolic compounds is the key element involved in the formation and the stabilisation of IONPs. Antibacterial activity was determined using disc diffusion assay and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the IONPs were determined by broth dilution assay.
Results: The biosynthesised IONPs showed crystalline magnetite spherical morphologies with average diameter 30 nm. Discs with all the concentrations of IONPs tested in this study (10 - 100 ug.mL-1) showed antibacterial activity against bacterial strains tested (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). MIC values were found to be 30 ug.mL-1, 50 ug.mL-1 and 60 ug.mL-1 for S. epidermidis, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa respectively.
Conclusion: The biosynthesis of IONPs has provided, reliable, safe, simple and eco-friendly method. Hence, this study has focused on biological method of synthesis of IONPs. The IONPs synthesized in this study can be used as the therapeutic agents against bacteria.
Breaking Polymer Chains with Self‐Propelled Light‐Controlled Navigable Hematite Microrobots
Authors: Urso Mario , Ussia Martina , Pumera Martin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe increasing use of polymers has led to an uncontrollable accumulation of polymer waste in the environment, evidencing the urgent need for effective and definitive strategies to degrade them. Here, self‐propelled light‐powered magnetic field‐navigable hematite/metal Janus microrobots that can actively move, capture, and degrade polymers are presented. Janus microrobots are fabricated by asymmetrically depositing different metals on hematite microspheres prepared by low‐cost and large‐scale chemical synthesis. All microrobots exhibit fuel‐free motion capability, with light‐controlled on/off switching of motion and magnetic field‐controlled directionality. Higher speeds are observed for bimetallic coatings with respect to single metals. This is due to their larger mixed potential difference with hematite as indicated by Tafel measurements. As a model for polymers, the total degradation of high molecular weight polyethylene glycol is demonstrated by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. This result is attributed to the active motion of microrobots, enhanced electrostatic capture of polymer chains, improved charge separation at the hematite/metal interface, and catalyzed photo‐Fenton reaction. This work opens the route toward the degradation of polymers and plastics in water using light.
Soluble and Microparticle‐Based Delivery of TLR4 and TLR9 Agonists Differentially Modulate 3D Chemotaxis of Bone Marrow‐Derived Dendritic Cells
Authors: Atalis Alexandra , Dixon J. Brandon , Roy Krishnendu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVaccines are commonly administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly, and local immune cells, notably dendritic cells (DCs), play a significant role in transporting vaccine antigens and adjuvants to draining lymph nodes. Here, it is compared how soluble and biomaterial‐mediated delivery of Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐targeted adjuvants, monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA, TLR4 ligand) and 5'‐C‐phosphate‐G‐3' DNA (CpG DNA, TLR9 ligand), modulate 3D chemotaxis of bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) toward lymphatic chemokine gradients. Within microfluidic devices containing 3D collagen‐based matrices to mimic tissue conditions, soluble MPLA increases BMDC chemotaxis toward gradients of CCL19 and CCL21, while soluble CpG has no effect. Delivering CpG on poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid microparticles (MPs) enhances BMDC chemotaxis compared to MPLA‐encapsulated MPs, and when co‐delivered, MPLA and CpG do not synergistically enhance BMDC migration. It is concluded that supplementing granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor‐derived BMDC culture with interleukin‐4 is necessary to induce CCR7 expression and chemotaxis of BMDCs. Different cell subsets in BMDC culture upregulate CCR7 in response to soluble versus biomaterial‐loaded MPLA and CpG, and CCR7 expression does not consistently correlate with functional migration. The results show both adjuvant type and delivery method influence chemotaxis of DCs, and these findings uncover new directions for the rational design of vaccine formulations.
Energy Harvesting Untethered Soft Electronic Devices
Authors: Kim Kyun Kyu , Choi Joonhwa , Ko Seung Hwan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdvances in wearable and stretchable electronic technologies have yielded a wide range of electronic devices that can be conformably worn by, or implanted in humans to measure physiological signals. Moreover, various cutting‐edge technologies for battery‐free electronic devices have led to advances in healthcare devices that can continuously measure long‐term biosignals for advanced human–machine interface and clinical diagnostics. This report presents the recent progress in battery‐less, wearable devices using a wide range of energy harvesting sources, such as electromagnetic energy, mechanical energy, and biofuels. Additionally, this report also discusses the principles and working mechanisms of near/far‐field communications, triboelectric, thermoelectric, and biofuel technologies.
Conductive Hydrogels with Dynamic Reversible Networks for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Xu Yong , Patino Gaillez Michelle , Rothe Rebecca , Hauser Sandra , Voigt Dagmar , Pietzsch Jens , Zhang Yixin 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConductive hydrogels (CHs) are emerging as a promising and well‐utilized platform for 3D cell culture and tissue engineering to incorporate electron signals as biorelevant physical cues. In conventional covalently crosslinked conductive hydrogels, the network dynamics (e.g., stress relaxation, shear shining, and self‐healing) required for complex cellular functions and many biomedical utilities (e.g., injection) cannot be easily realized. In contrast, dynamic conductive hydrogels (DCHs) are fabricated by dynamic and reversible crosslinks. By allowing for the breaking and reforming of the reversible linkages, DCHs can provide dynamic environments for cellular functions while maintaining matrix integrity. These dynamic materials can mimic some properties of native tissues, making them well‐suited for several biotechnological and medical applications. An overview of the design, synthesis, and engineering of DCHs is presented in this review, focusing on the different dynamic crosslinking mechanisms of DCHs and their biomedical applications.
Woven Electroanalytical Biosensor for Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests
Authors: Khaliliazar Shirin , Öberg Månsson Ingrid , Piper Andrew , Ouyang Liangqi , Réu Pedro , Hamedi Mahiar Max 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFiber‐based biosensors enable a new approach in analytical diagnostic devices. The majority of textile‐based biosensors, however, rely on colorimetric detection. Here a woven biosensor that integrates microfluidics structures in combination with an electroanalytical readout based on a thiol‐self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) for Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing, NAATs is shown. Two types of fiber‐based electrodes are systematically characterized: pure gold microwires (bond wire) and off‐the‐shelf plasma gold‐coated polyester multifilament threads to evaluate their potential to form SAMs on their surface and their electrochemical performance in woven textile. A woven electrochemical DNA (E‐DNA) sensor using a SAM‐based stem‐loop probe‐modified gold microwire is fabricated. These sensors can specifically detect unpurified, isothermally amplified genomic DNA of Staphylococcus epidermidis (10 copies/µL) by recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). This work demonstrates that textile‐based biosensors have the potential for integrating and being employed as automated, sample‐to‐answer analytical devices for point‐of‐care (POC) diagnostics.
Why the Circular Economy Will Drive Green and Sustainable Chemistry in Electronics
Authors: Kirschner Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractElectronic product manufacturers have successfully used a linear product life cycle management process (PLMP) for product definition, development, and manufacturing for decades. While this has met industry's and the markets’ requirements in the past, today markets are increasingly demanding products that are “circular”: more durable, more recyclable, longer‐lived, and less toxic. PLMP requirements must now include criteria that will enable a more circular economy; these criteria can drive demand for green and sustainable chemistry in the electronics industry and its supply chain.
Phase Engineering Chirped Super Rogue Waves in a Nonlinear Transmission Network with Dispersive Elements
Authors: Kengne Emmanuel , Liu WuMing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA discrete nonlinear transmission network with dispersive element is considered. It is shown that the dynamics of slowly modulated waves propagating in this network are governed by a generalized cubic‐quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with self‐steepening and self‐frequency shift. Through the baseband modulational instability (MI) analysis, the conditions for this network to support the propagation of chirped super rogue waves (SRWs) are obtained. Based on the analytical rational solutions of the governed equation, chirped first‐ and second‐order super rogue waves are engineered in the nonlinear transmission network under consideration. The effects of the dispersive elements of the network on the chirped SRWs propagating in the network system are investigated. Particularly, it is shown that the introduction of the dispersive linear capacitance of the network enhances the baseband MI and both the derived SRWs and the corresponding frequency chirp are localized in both time and space. It is also shown that the structure of the frequency chirp depends strongly on the pulse self‐steepening and self‐frequency shift.