bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early postoperative outcomes among patients with delayed surgeries after preoperative positive test for SARS‐CoV‐2: A case‐control study from a single institution
Authors: Baiocchi Glauco , Aguiar Samuel , Duprat Joao P. , Coimbra Felipe J. F. , Makdissi Fabiana B. , Vartanian José G. , Zequi Stenio de C. , Gross Jefferson L. , Nakagawa Suely A. , Yazbek Guilherme , Diniz Thiago P. , Gonçalves Bruna T. , Zurstrassen Charles E. , Campos Heloisa G. do A. , Joaquim Eduardo H. G. , França e Silva Ivan A. , Kowalski Luiz P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data on surgical complications for patients that have delayed surgery after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. We aimed to analyze the surgical outcomes of patients submitted to surgery after recovery from SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.MethodsAsymptomatic patients that had surgery delayed after preoperative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) for SARS‐CoV‐2 were matched in a 1:2 ratio for age, type of surgery and American Society of Anesthesiologists to patients with negative RT‐PCR for SARS‐CoV‐2.ResultsAbout 1253 patients underwent surgical procedures and were subjected to screening for SARS‐CoV‐2. Forty‐nine cases with a delayed surgery were included in the coronavirus disease (COVID) recovery (COVID‐rec) group and were matched to 98 patients included in the COVID negative (COVID‐neg) group. Overall, 22 (15%) patients had 30‐days postoperative complications, but there was no statistically difference between groups –16.3% for COVID‐rec and 14.3% for COVID‐neg, respectively (odds ratio [OR] 1.17:95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45–3.0; p = .74). Moreover, we did not find difference regarding grades more than or equal to 3 complication rates – 8.2% for COVID‐rec and 6.1% for COVID‐neg (OR 1.36:95%CI 0.36‐5.0; p = .64). There were no pulmonary complications or SARS‐CoV‐2 related infection and no deaths within the 30‐days after surgery.ConclusionsOur study suggests that patients with delayed elective surgeries due to asymptomatic preoperative positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test are not at higher risk of postoperative complications.
The role of 18F‐FDG PET/CT in retroperitoneal sarcomas—A multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Subramaniam Suren , Callahan Jason , Bressel Mathias , Hofman Michael S. , Mitchell Catherine , Hendry Shona , Vissers Frederique L. , Van der Hiel Bernies , Patel Dakshesh , Van Houdt Winan J. , Tseng William W. , Gyorki David E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe role of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) in the evaluation of retroperitoneal sarcomas is poorly defined. We evaluated the correlation of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) with pathologic tumor grade in the surgical specimen of primary retroperitoneal dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) and leiomyosarcoma (LMS).MethodsPatients with the above histological subtypes in three participating institutions with preoperative 18F‐FDG PET/CT scan and histopathological specimen available for review were included. The association between SUVmax and pathological grade was assessed. Correlation between SUVmax and relapse‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were also studied.ResultsOf the total 58 patients, final pathological subtype was DDLPS in 44 (75.9%) patients and LMS in 14 (24.1%) patients. The mean SUVmax was 8.7 with a median 7.1 (range, 2.2–33.9). The tumors were graded I, II, III in 6 (10.3%), 35 (60.3%), and 17 (29.3%) patients, respectively. There was an association of higher histological grade with higher SUVmax (rs = 0.40, p = .002). Increasing SUVmax was associated with worse RFS (p = .003) and OS (p = .003).ConclusionThere is a correlation between SUVmax and pathologic tumor grade; increasing SUVmax was associated with worse OS and RFS, providing a preoperative noninvasive surrogate marker of tumor grade and biological behavior.
Establishing the Most Accurate Due Date in Dichorionic Twin Gestations by First and Second Trimester Ultrasound
Authors: DeYoung Tracey H. , Stortz Sharon K. , Riffenburgh Robert H. , Wren Garrett M. , Spitzer Trimble L. , Lutgendorf Monica A. , Thagard Andrew S. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveTo determine the optimal sonographic dating of dichorionic gestations.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed dichorionic pregnancies conceived with assisted reproductive technologies (ART) at 2 institutions between 2006–2016, excluding fetuses with major anomalies. Gestational age was calculated with smaller, larger, and mean of the crown‐rump lengths (CRL) and biometry midgestation and compared to the ART age. The mean and mean absolute deviation of the observed gestational age from the ART age was calculated to assess accuracy, precision, and presence of bias. The incidence of small for gestational age using the smaller and larger CRLs was compared to the ART age via McNemar's test.ResultsBased on 140 ultrasounds, the CRL from the smaller twin best approximates the true gestational age with least bias compared to the larger twin or average (mean absolute deviation: 2.8, mean deviation: –0.1 [95% CI: −0.4, 0.2] versus 2.7, −0.9 [−1.1, −0.6] and 2.9, −1.5 [−1.8, −1.3], in days, respectively). Based on 165 ultrasounds, biometry from the smaller fetus is least accurate compared to the larger or mean (11.8, 2.5 [1.5, 3.6] versus 11.7, 0.8 [−0.3, 1.8] and 11.9, −1.0 [−2.0, 0.04], respectively). The incidence of small for gestational age neonates did not differ from the true rate using either the CRL from the larger or smaller twin (p > .05).ConclusionIn ART dichorionic gestations, ultrasound of the smaller fetus is most accurate in establishing gestational age in the first trimester but least accurate in the second, though all methods performed well with little clinical difference.
Patterns of Facial Fractures in a Major Metropolitan Level 1 Trauma Center: A 10‐year Experience
Authors: Long Sallie , Spielman Daniel B. , Losenegger Tasher , Obayemi Adetokunbo A. , Neuner Romy , Cosiano Michael F. , Reeve Gwendolyn , Kacker Ashutosh , Stewart Michael G. , Sclafani Anthony P. 
Published: January 2021

Objective/HypothesisTo report characteristics and management of facial fractures in a major metropolitan center within the United States.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.MethodsRetrospective review at a level 1 trauma academic medical center of 3,946 facial fractures in 1,914 patients who presented from 2008 to 2017. Demographics, injury mechanism, associated injuries, and treatment information were collected. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors associated with management.ResultsThere were 1,280 males and 630 females with a median age of 42 years. Orbital fractures were the most common (41.4%) followed by maxilla fractures (21.9%). The most common mechanism was fall (43.6%). Surgical management was recommended for 38% of patients. The odds of surgical management were less for females (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.48–0.73). Patients over 70 years were significantly less likely to undergo surgery compared to other age groups (OR 0.15–0.36, P < .001). The odds of surgical management were 1.69 times greater for patients with more than three fractures than for a single fracture (95% CI 1.18–2.42) and 2.23 times greater for traffic injuries compared to injuries from activities of daily living (95% CI 1.42–3.5).ConclusionsThis represents one of the largest comprehensive databases of facial fractures. Our patients were most frequently injured during activities of daily living, most commonly from falls. The majority of patients were managed conservatively. Gender, age, fracture number, and mechanism of injury were independently associated with the decision to treat surgically. Our data are in stark contrast to that from other populations in which assault or motor vehicle accidents predominate.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 131:E2176–E2180, 2021
RFA and benign thyroid nodules: Review of the current literature
Authors: Muhammad Haris , Santhanam Prasanna , Russell Jonathon O. , Kuo Jennifer H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBenign thyroid nodules (BTNs) are commonly found in the general population. They are usually asymptomatic and their incidence has increased as a result of wide‐spread use of ultrasound. Benign nodules are typically monitored clinically until they increase in size, resulting in compressive symptoms warranting surgery. However, although surgery is generally well‐tolerated and of low‐risk, it is associated with a small risk for several complications including hypothyroidism, nerve injury, hematoma, injury to other structures and wound infection. Recently, newer image‐guided ablation techniques including radiofrequency ablation (RFA) have been introduced. RFA has a similar safety profile when compared to surgery and has shown promising results in challenging surgical candidates. Though several studies have been published in Asian and European countries on the efficacy of RFA, limited data is available on the North American population. The aim of the study is to review the current literature establishing the clinical outcomes and safety of RFA for benign nodules.Level of evidenceV.
Exceptional Points as Lasing Prethresholds
Authors: Zyablovsky Alexander A. , Doronin Ilya V. , Andrianov Eugeny S. , Pukhov Alexander A. , Lozovik Yurii E. , Vinogradov Alexey P. , Lisyansky Alexander A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe genesis of lasing, as an evolution of the laser hybrid eigenstates comprised of electromagnetic modes and atomic polarization, is considered. It is shown that the start of coherent generation at the laser threshold is preceded by the formation of a special hybrid state at the lasing prethreshold. This special state is characterized by an enhanced coupling among excited atoms and electromagnetic modes. This leads to an increase in the rate of stimulated emission in the special state and, ultimately, to lasing. At the lasing prethreshold, the transformation of hybrid eigenstates has the features of an exceptional point (EP) observed in non‐Hermitian systems. The special state is formed when eigenfrequencies of two hybrid states coalesce or come close to each other. Below the prethreshold, lifetimes of all hybrid states grow with increasing pump rate. When the pump rate crosses the prethreshold, resonance trapping occurs with the lifetime of the special state continuing to increase while the lifetimes of all other eigenstates begin to decrease. Consequently, the latter eigenstates do not participate in the lasing. Thus, above the prethreshold, a laser transitions into the single‐mode regime.
Classification of Salivary Gland Tumors Based on Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Yang Zihan , Shang Jianwei , Liu Chenlu , Zhang Jun , Liang Yanmei 
Published: January 2021

Background and ObjectivesVisual inspection is the primary diagnostic method for oral diseases, and its accuracy of diagnosis mainly depends on surgeons’ experience. Histological examination is still the golden standard, but it is invasive and time‐consuming. In order to address these issues, as a noninvasive imaging technique, optical coherence tomography (OCT) can differentiate oral tissue with advantages of real‐time, in situ, and high resolution. The aim of this study is to explore optimal quantitative parameters in OCT images to distinguish different salivary gland tumors.Study Design/Materials and MethodsOCT images of four salivary gland tumors were obtained from 14 patients, including mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), basal cell adenoma (BCA), and pleomorphic adenoma (PA). Two parameters of optical attenuation coefficient (OAC) and standard deviation (SD) along the depth of OCT signal were combined to create a computational model of classification, and sensitivity/specificity of classification was calculated statistically to evaluate their results.ResultsA total of 5,919 two‐dimensional (2D) OCT images were used for quantitative analysis. The classification sensitivities of 89.6%, 95.0%, 89.5%, 97.8%, and specificities of 97.6%, 99.0%, 98.0%, 98.2%, respectively, were obtained for MC, ACC, BCA, and PA, with the thresholds of 3.6 mm−1 based on OAC and 0.22/0.18 based on SD.ConclusionIt was demonstrated that OAC and SD could be considered as important parameters in quantitative analysis of OCT images for salivary gland tissue characterization and intraoperative diagnosis. It is of great potential value in promoting the application of this method based on OCT in clinical practice. Lasers Surg. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Evaluation of Cooling‐Induced Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation of Ureido Polymers as a Cold‐Shock Stress Granules Model
Authors: Komachi Takuya , Maruyama Atsushi , Shimada Naohiko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany intracellular reactions occur in membrane‐less organelles that form due to liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS). Cold‐shock stress granules, which are membrane‐less organelles, are formed in response to a significant decrease in temperature and recruit biomolecules for regulation of their activities. The authors have reported that synthetic ureido copolymers exhibit cooling‐induced LLPS under physiologically relevant conditions. In this study, influences of the cooling‐induced LLPS of ureido polymers on enzymatic activity is investigated to evaluate whether the ureido polymers can mimic cold‐shock stress granules. The enzyme β‐galactosidase (β‐Gal) is efficiently entrapped into phase‐separated coacervates of ureido polymers upon cooling. The activity of β‐Gal is significantly suppressed by the entrapment. The enzymatic activity is recovered after heating, which dissolves the coacervate. Thus, the LLPS formed by ureido polymers are a suitable model for cold‐shock stress granules.
A New Class of Oxyimides: Oxyimide Ethers and their Use as Flame Retardants
Authors: Spieß Bianca , Metzsch‐Zilligen Elke , Pfaendner Rudolf 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOxyimides have gained wide interest in different applications because of radical generating properties, such as flame retardants in various polymers. As polyamide‐6 (PA6) is highly flammable and shows burning dripping during incineration the mentioned issues have to be overcome by the use of a flame retardant. All previously developed oxyimides already show these properties, but this is based on the ester structure with the consequence of transesterification/transamidation in polyesters/polyamides. In this work, a new class of oxyimides based on ether bonds is synthesized. Oxyimide ethers do not degrade PA6, only sometimes slightly increase MVR, and show excellent flame retardancy in PA6. Depending on the structure, UL 94 V‐0 can be reached with very low loadings. This makes oxyimide ethers an alternative to commonly used flame retardants for PA6.
Multiple positive steady states of a diffusive predator‐prey model in spatially heterogeneous environments
Authors: Wang Biao , Wu Jianhua 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss a diffusive predator‐prey model with predator cannibalism in spatially heterogeneous environments. In contrast with spatially homogeneous environments, we find the dynamics of the model in spatially heterogenous environments is more complicated. For the spatially heterogeneous case, we could classify death rate of the predator into four different regions and demonstrate that for every region, this model with Neumann boundary conditions has at least one positive steady state for some ranges of dispersal rates of the predator and prey via Leray–Schauder degree theory. In particular, for some scopes of death rate of the predator, this model has multiple positive steady states for certain ranges of dispersal rates of the predator and prey.
Breast cancer stem cells: A review of their characteristics and the agents that affect them
Authors: Shan Naing L. , Shin Yoosub , Yang Ge , Furmanski Philip , Suh Nanjoo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe evolving concept that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the driving element in cancer development, evolution and heterogeneity, has overridden the previous model of a tumor consisting of cells all with similar sequentially acquired mutations and a similar potential for renewal, invasion and metastasis. This paradigm shift has focused attention on therapeutically targeting CSCs directly as a means of eradicating the disease. In breast cancers, CSCs can be identified by cell surface markers and are characterized by their ability to self‐renew and differentiate, resist chemotherapy and radiation, and initiate new tumors upon serial transplantation in xenografted mice. These functional properties of CSCs are regulated by both intracellular and extracellular factors including pluripotency‐related transcription factors, intracellular signaling pathways and external stimuli. Several classes of natural products and synthesized compounds have been studied to target these regulatory elements and force CSCs to lose stemness and/or terminally differentiate and thereby achieve a therapeutic effect. However, realization of an effective treatment for breast cancers, focused on the biological effects of these agents on breast CSCs, their functions and signaling, has not yet been achieved. In this review, we delineate the intrinsic and extrinsic factors identified to date that control or promote stemness in breast CSCs and provide a comprehensive compilation of potential agents that have been studied to target breast CSCs, transcription factors and stemness‐related signaling. Our aim is to stimulate further study of these agents that could become the basis for their use as stand‐alone treatments or components of combination therapies effective against breast cancers.
Pre‐ataxic Changes of Clinical Scales and Eye Movement in Machado–Joseph Disease: BIGPRO Study
Authors: de Oliveira Camila Maria , Leotti Vanessa Bielefeldt , Bolzan Gabriela , Cappelli Amanda Henz , Rocha Anastacia Guimarães , Ecco Gabriela , Kersting Nathalia , Rieck Mariana , Martins Ana Carolina , Sena Lucas Schenatto , Saraiva‐Pereira Maria‐Luiza , Jardim Laura Bannach 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe pathological burden of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3, also known as Machado–Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD), accumulates before the beginning of symptoms. Our study aims at validating biomarkers for disease progression since pre‐ataxic periods. We report on baseline findings of clinical scales and oculomotor neurophysiology.MethodsAtaxic (Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia > 2.5) and at 50% risk subjects were included. The latter were subdivided into noncarriers, pre‐ataxic carriers near (PAN), or pre‐ataxic carriers far from (PAFF) ataxia onset (AO), with 4 years from the predicted age at onset being the cutoff. The subjects were assessed by Neurological Examination Score for Spinocerebellar Ataxia (NESSCA), International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS), Inventory of Non‐Ataxic Signs (INAScount), Composite Cerebellar Functions Score and SCA Functional Index, and video‐oculography, including the regression slope of vestibulo‐ocular reflex gain (VORr), main sequence of volitional and reflexive vertical saccades, slow‐phase velocity of central and gaze‐evoked (SPV‐GE) nystagmus, and vertical pursuit gain. Correction for multiple comparisons was performed; the threshold for statistical significance was P < 0.05.ResultsA total of 35 ataxic, 14 PAN, 24 PAFF, and 22 noncarriers were included. All variables showed significant differences between groups and correlated to time to onset or time after onset, among all 73 SCA3/MJD carriers; none significantly changed with age in controls. NESSCA, ICARS, INAScount, VORr, main sequence of volitional saccades, and SPV‐GE not only distinguished PAN from controls but also correlated with time left to AO.ConclusionsClinical scales and video‐oculography variables were already altered in pre‐ataxic SCA3/MJD carriers and worsened with time. NESSCA, ICARS, INAScount, VORr, main sequence of vertical volitional saccades, and SPV‐GE are good candidates to measure preclinical changes in SCA3/MJD. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Visual Dysfunction Predicts Cognitive Impairment and White Matter Degeneration in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Zarkali Angeliki , McColgan Peter , Leyland Louise‐Ann , Lees Andrew J. , Weil Rimona S. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundVisual dysfunction predicts dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD), but whether this translates to structural change is not known. The objectives of this study were to identify longitudinal white matter changes in patients with Parkinson's disease and low visual function and also in those who developed mild cognitive impairment.MethodsWe used fixel‐based analysis to examine longitudinal white matter change in PD. Diffusion MRI and clinical assessments were performed in 77 patients at baseline (22 low visual function/55 intact vision and 13 PD‐mild cognitive impairment/51 normal cognition) and 25 controls and again after 18 months. We compared microstructural changes in fiber density, macrostructural changes in fiber bundle cross‐section and combined fiber density and cross‐section, across white matter, adjusting for age, sex, and intracranial volume.ResultsPatients with PD and visual dysfunction showed worse cognitive performance at follow‐up and were more likely to develop mild cognitive impairment compared with those with normal vision (P = 0.008). Parkinson's with poor visual function showed diffuse microstructural and macrostructural changes at baseline, whereas those with mild cognitive impairment showed fewer baseline changes. At follow‐up, Parkinson's with low visual function showed widespread macrostructural changes, involving the fronto‐occipital fasciculi, external capsules, and middle cerebellar peduncles bilaterally. No longitudinal change was seen in those with mild cognitive impairment at baseline or converters, even when the 2 groups were combined.ConclusionParkinson's patients with poor visual function show increased white matter damage over time, providing further evidence for visual function as a marker of imminent cognitive decline. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Comparison of the BMA and EMOS statistical methods for probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecasting
Authors: Javanshiri Zohreh , Fathi Maede , Mohammadi Seyedeh Atefeh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe main approach to probabilistic weather forecasting has been the use of ensemble forecasting. In ensemble forecasting, the probability information is generally derived by using several numerical model runs, with perturbation of the initial conditions, physical schemes or dynamic core of the numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. However, ensemble forecasting usually tends to be under‐dispersive. Statistical post‐processing has, therefore, become an essential component of any ensemble prediction system aiming to improve the quality of numerical weather forecasts as they seek to generate calibrated and sharp predictive distributions of future weather quantities. Different versions of the ensemble model output statistics (EMOS) and the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) post‐processing methods are used in the present paper to calibrate 24, 48 and 72 hr forecasts of 24 hr accumulative precipitation. The ensemble employs the weather and research forecasting (WRF) model with eight different configurations which were run over Iran for six months (September 2015–February 2016). The results reveal that the BMA and EMOS‐censored, shifted gamma (CSG) techniques are substantially successful at improving the raw WRF ensemble forecasts; however, each approach improves different aspects of the forecast quality. The BMA method is more accurate, skilful and reliable than the EMOS‐CSG method, but has poorer discrimination. Moreover, it has better resolution in predicting the probability of high‐precipitation events than the EMOS‐CSG method.