bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Misiologi dalam Kisah Para Rasul 13:47 Sebagai Motivasi Penginjilan Masa Kini
Authors: Arifianto Yonatan Alex , Purnama Ferry 
Published: November 2021

The concept of saving mankind in God's initiative continues to work to this day. Believers and the church must express the attitude that missionary activities to fulfill the Great Commission are an important part that cannot be separated from the lives of believers and God's church. The church or believers sometimes experience a lack of understanding of the concept of mission so they experience obstacles in evangelizing. The evangelistic motivation that is born from the missiological concept in Acts 13:47 will equip the believer today. The author describes this article using a descriptive qualitative approach, this research can be started with Paul's Call in Evangelism and then text analysis so as to produce findings, among others: first, Preographical and God's Will, Being Light for the Nation and Motivation to Bring the news of salvationKonsep menyelamatkan manusia dalam inisiatif Allah terus bekerja sampai hari ini. Orang percaya dan gereja haraus menyatakan sikap bahwa kegiatan misi untuk memenuhi Amanat Agung merupakan bagian penting yang tidak bisa dipisahkan dari kehidupan orang percaya maupun gereja Tuhan. Gereja atau orang percaya terkadang mengalami ketidak pahaman tentang konsep misi sehingga mengalami rintangan dalam menginjil. Motivasi penginjilan yang lahir dari konsep misiologi dalam Kisah Para Rasul 13:47 akan memperlengkapi orang percaya masa kini. Penulis mendeskripsikan artikel ini dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, penelitian ini dapat dimulai dengan Panggilan Paulus dalam Penginjilan selanjutnya analisa teks sehingga menghasilkan hasil temuan antara lain: pertama, Preogratif dan Kehendak Tuhan, Menjadi Terang bagi Bangsa dan Motivasi Membawa kabar keselamatan
Anglo-Norman Borrowings in Irish
Authors: Karkishchenko Olga 
Published: November 2021

In the present paper an attempt is made to analyze and classify French lexis borrowed into Irish during the Middle Ages. The French language flourished in Ireland in the XII c., giving way to English in everyday communication in the XIII c., but still used on a formal level till the XV c. The strong influence of Anglo-Norman dialect of French in this period caused an active borrowing of French vocabulary into Irish. Most of the borrowings, however, have analogous correspondences in Middle English, this fact obscuring their origin: it is not clear whether they have been borrowed directly from Anglo-Norman or brought into Irish by means of English. Here phonetic form of the word can be of help in defining the source language, as a number of distinctive features can be found in both types of borrowed words. Such cases are illustrated in the paper and the importance of phonetic analysis for their chronological classification and dating is also emphasized.
Semantics of the borrowed vocabulary is also discussed here showing what spheres of life in society underwent the most considerable influence of the invaders. Words mostly belong to specialized language and serve to name the ideas and objects not typical or new to Irish society before the Norman Conquest. A number of significant and relatively homogeneous semantic groups of borrowings are singled out and illustrated; distinct parallels with English are also traced here. It is shown that unlike the English language, Irish did not allow the borrowed words to become a center of already existing semantic groups, they always remained at the periphery and are now perceived as stylistically marked. Nevertheless, the borrowed French vocabulary was assimilated by the Irish language and the instances of still existing borrowings have become a natural part of the modern lexis. The question of a trustworthy dating is also raised here. The required information is drawn from documents created during two centuries after the Conquest, but it is phonetic analysis, which often proves most reliable, especially if the date of the earliest written fixation of the word can hardly be ascertained. The first written instances of borrowings can be found in the late XIII c., but documents of the conquest period are rare as a whole. However, in certain cases the dating is possible, and here a rough two-period classification of these instances is introduced and grounded.
Five Fifths of Ireland: New Approach
Authors: Mikhailova Tatyana 
Published: November 2021

The problem of the so-called ‘five fifths of Ireland’ remains unresolved up to now, in spite of numerous attempts to find a solution to this linguistic and geographical contradiction. In Modern Irish, traditional provinces of Ireland are called cúige (‘a fifth’), but there are only four (Ulster, Leinster, Munster and Connacht) of them. The same names of the four provinces were known in the Early Irish literature (cóiced Ulad etc). The Irish literati envisaged that contradiction and made some attempts to resolve it in early mythological and pseudo-historical sources (in sagas and poetry). According to their pseudo-historical theory, the province of Munster was further divided into ‘the fifth of Cú Roí’ and ‘the fifth of Eochu mac Luchta’. At the same time, the compiler of the saga ‘The Settling of the Manor of Tara’ proposes a theory of the sacred centre (Tara, the seat of kingship, and/or the hill Uisnech, the centre of druidism) of Ireland and of the four subject provinces or zones – North, South, East and West. The idea of of the dominant Goidelic race led T.F. O’Rahilly to propose the existence of the Midland kingdom. Rees Brothers added to this theory a veil of universal cosmology.
We would like to propose another solution to this problem. It is not based upon the traditional cosmological or geographical principle of division of a country, but on another one, which can also be presented as the ‘traditional’ principle as far as the geography of the Ancient World is concerned. In reality, it may well be that Ireland was divided into five parts, but this so-called ‘native’ division of the island persisted for a short time only. The idea of the ‘five fifths’ preserved in Irish mythology and pseudo-history was supported by the symbolic role of the number ‘five’ in Irish tradition. Thus, the ‘power of word’ or a word-hypnosis influenced historical and native geographical tradition.
On the Origins of Old Germanic Runic Alphabet and Early Irish Ogham
Authors: Pimenova Natalia 
Published: November 2021

Both the Celtic Ogham and the Germanic Futhark have unique sequences for which no interpretation has yet been found. The composition of the Ogham and the Futhark is mostly explained by complicated phonological or mathematical rearrangements (the Atbasch system). This overlooks the fact that the order of characters is the most consistent component in borrowed alphabets.
According to the author's hypothesis, the order of the Germanic runes may represent the result of a longer evolution. The paper shows how the influence of different southern European alphabets could result in the character combinations at the beginning and end of the futhark. The unusual placement of the characters for b, d, g may be due to the fact that the original borrowed series had no characters for voiced stops. This indicates an Etruscan alphabet, or an alphabet borrowed from Etruscan. When characters for b, d, g were added later, the typological laws of alphabet adaptation came into effect: new characters were placed either at the end of the row or next to characters with similar phonetic values, with the phonetic value being determined by the point of articulation. The initial combination f u þ a r may have come about through a conversion or a reinterpretation of similar characters when different written traditions came into contact. In contrast to earlier hypotheses (G. Hempl, H. Arntz, O. Haas), possible individual steps of this modification are analyzed. The order existing before the conversion could correspond to the order of the classical alphabets, a (b g) d e v z h. Through the transposition of similar v (phonetic value [f]) and a (probably in contact zones where the writing of f and a became conflated), there arose the result f (b g) d e a z h. In this sequence the letter d had the phonetic value [θ]; through a latinization of the sequence, z received the phonetic value [r]. The character e, which looked almost like a in the archaic writing, was moved out of the group f þ e a r h. The addition of the w-rune could only be made after the transposition of f–a.
A parallel to the Futhark can be seen in the Irish Ogham. It is noteworthy that signs for consonants formed by the same number of strokes in the Ogham also stand side by side in the Futhark:

Ogom /v t ŋ/ - u Futhark f u þ a (r k) g
/n q r/ - i r k (g w h) n i j
/s c z/ - e (p ʀ) s t
/b h m/ - a b (e) m
/l d g/ - o l d ŋ o

The similarities in character combinations may attest to borrowing from a common source or from related sources and to similar modifications of the borrowed series. The different number of characters in the Ogham and the Futhark as well as the deviations in the phonetic value and in the order of some characters can be explained by the different phonemes of the ancient Celtic and ancient Germanic dialects.
Van gedwongen ontslag naar het delen van de pijn
Authors: de Beer Paul 
Published: November 2021

Van gedwongen ontslag naar het delen van de pijn
Gedwongen ontslag is voor zowel de werkgever als de ontslagen werknemer kostbaar. Daarom zouden gedwongen ontslagen beter kunnen worden vervangen door flexibele aanpassing van de lonen en gewerkte uren. De overheid zou dit moeten ondersteunen door een loonsverlaging grotendeels te compenseren via een structurele NOW-regeling.
Genetic diversity of ‘Very Important Pharmacogenes’ in two South-Asian populations
Authors: Bharti Neeraj , Banerjee Ruma , Achalere Archana , Kasibhatla Sunitha Manjari , Joshi Rajendra 
Published: November 2021

Objectives
Reliable identification of population-specific variants is important for building the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) profile. In this study, genomic variation using allele frequency differences of pharmacologically important genes for Gujarati Indians in Houston (GIH) and Indian Telugu in the U.K. (ITU) from the 1000 Genomes Project vis-à-vis global population data was studied to understand its role in drug response.

Methods
Joint genotyping approach was used to derive variants of GIH and ITU independently. SNPs of both these populations with significant allele frequency variation (minor allele frequency ≥ 0.05) with super-populations from the 1000 Genomes Project and gnomAD based on Chi-square distribution with p-value of ≤ 0.05 and Bonferroni’s multiple adjustment tests were identified. Population stratification and fixation index analysis was carried out to understand genetic differentiation. Functional annotation of variants was carried out using SnpEff, VEP and CADD score.

Results
Population stratification of VIP genes revealed four clusters viz., single cluster of GIH and ITU, one cluster each of East Asian, European, African populations and Admixed American was found to be admixed. A total of 13 SNPs belonging to ten pharmacogenes were identified to have significant allele frequency variation in both GIH and ITU populations as compared to one or more super-populations. These SNPs belong to VKORC1 (rs17708472, rs2359612, rs8050894) involved in Vitamin K cycle, cytochrome P450 isoforms CYP2C9 (rs1057910), CYP2B6 (rs3211371), CYP2A2 (rs4646425) and CYP2A4 (rs4646440); ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCB1 (rs12720067), DPYD1 (rs12119882, rs56160474) involved in pyrimidine metabolism, methyltransferase COMT (rs9332377) and transcriptional factor NR1I2 (rs6785049). SNPs rs1544410 (VDR), rs2725264 (ABCG2), rs5215 and rs5219 (KCNJ11) share high fixation index (≥ 0.5) with either EAS/AFR populations. Missense variants rs1057910 (CYP2C9), rs1801028 (DRD2) and rs1138272 (GSTP1), rs116855232 (NUDT15); intronic variants rs1131341 (NQO1) and rs115349832 (DPYD) are identified to be ‘deleterious’.

Conclusions
Analysis of SNPs pertaining to pharmacogenes in GIH and ITU populations using population structure, fixation index and allele frequency variation provides a premise for understanding the role of genetic diversity in drug response in Asian Indians.
Multi-omic characterization of the thermal stress phenome in the stony coral Montipora capitata
Authors: Williams Amanda , Pathmanathan Jananan S. , Stephens Timothy G. , Su Xiaoyang , Chiles Eric N. , Conetta Dennis , Putnam Hollie M. , Bhattacharya Debashish 
Published: November 2021

Background
Corals, which form the foundation of biodiverse reef ecosystems, are under threat from warming oceans. Reefs provide essential ecological services, including food, income from tourism, nutrient cycling, waste removal, and the absorption of wave energy to mitigate erosion. Here, we studied the coral thermal stress response using network methods to analyze transcriptomic and polar metabolomic data generated from the Hawaiian rice coral Montipora capitata. Coral nubbins were exposed to ambient or thermal stress conditions over a 5-week period, coinciding with a mass spawning event of this species. The major goal of our study was to expand the inventory of thermal stress-related genes and metabolites present in M. capitata and to study gene-metabolite interactions. These interactions provide the foundation for functional or genetic analysis of key coral genes as well as provide potentially diagnostic markers of pre-bleaching stress. A secondary goal of our study was to analyze the accumulation of sex hormones prior to and during mass spawning to understand how thermal stress may impact reproductive success in M. capitata.

Methods
M. capitata was exposed to thermal stress during its spawning cycle over the course of 5 weeks, during which time transcriptomic and polar metabolomic data were collected. We analyzed these data streams individually, and then integrated both data sets using MAGI (Metabolite Annotation and Gene Integration) to investigate molecular transitions and biochemical reactions.

Results
Our results reveal the complexity of the thermal stress phenome in M. capitata, which includes many genes involved in redox regulation, biomineralization, and reproduction. The size and number of modules in the gene co-expression networks expanded from the initial stress response to the onset of bleaching. The later stages involved the suppression of metabolite transport by the coral host, including a variety of sodium-coupled transporters and a putative ammonium transporter, possibly as a response to reduction in algal productivity. The gene-metabolite integration data suggest that thermal treatment results in the activation of animal redox stress pathways involved in quenching molecular oxygen to prevent an overabundance of reactive oxygen species. Lastly, evidence that thermal stress affects reproductive activity was provided by the downregulation of CYP-like genes and the irregular production of sex hormones during the mass spawning cycle. Overall, redox regulation and metabolite transport are key components of the coral animal thermal stress phenome. Mass spawning was highly attenuated under thermal stress, suggesting that global climate change may negatively impact reproductive behavior in this species.
Highly Enhanced Triboelectric Performance from Increased Dielectric Constant Induced by Ionic and Interfacial Polarization for Chitosan Based Multi‐Modal Sensing System
Authors: Sun Jingzhe , Choi Hyeongsub , Cha Seokjun , Ahn Dahye , Choi Minseok , Park Sangki , Cho Yujang , Lee Jiwoo , Park Tae‐eon , Park Jong‐Jin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe coexistence of increasingly severe environmental concerns and bio‐signal sensing systems drives the development of environmental affinity and energy harvesting materials. Chitosan is a richly sourced biodegradable material derived from crustaceans, which provides a new option for environmentally, wearable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). In this paper, the triboelectric performance of chitosan blends are proposed to enhance the dielectric constant by optimizing the ionic polarization and interface polarization for the first time, which fills in the blank of enhancing the output of chitosan triboelectric by systematically engineering in ionic/molecular and pH effect. Triboelectric output enhanced chitosan film in TENG shows an output voltage 3 times (18 V) higher than that of the initial film and 25 times (200 V) higher after corona charge injection. The chitosan film for wearable devices not only can be used as a unit of a triboelectric device to measure human motion signal, but also can be used as a piezoresistive sensor (ΔR/R0: 0 to 1.5) and an air humidity sensor (relative humidity: 20% to 90%) after mixing carbon black. The study provides a stimulating example that triboelectric nano generator/piezoresistive sensor is made from chitosan and used in the multi‐modal sensing system.
Homologous Bromides Treatment for Improving the Open‐Circuit Voltage of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Li Yong , Xu Weidong , Mussakhanuly Nursultan , Cho Yongyoon , Bing Jueming , Zheng Jianghui , Tang Shi , Liu Yang , Shi Guozheng , Liu Zeke , Zhang Qing , Durrant James R. , Ma Wanli , Ho‐Baillie Anita W. Y. , Huang Shujuan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solution‐processed organic–inorganic mixed halide perovskite solar cells has achieved rapid improvement. However, it is imperative to minimize the voltage deficit (Woc = Eg/q − Voc) for their PCE to approach the theoretical limit. Herein, the strategy of depositing homologous bromide salts on the perovskite surface to achieve a surface and bulk passivation for the fabrication of solar cells with high open‐circuit voltage is reported. Distinct from the conclusions given by previous works, that homologous bromides such as FABr only react with PbI2 to form a large‐bandgap perovskite layer on top of the original perovskite, this work shows that the bromide also penetrates the perovskite film and passivates the perovskite in the bulk. This is confirmed by the small‐bandgap enlargement observed by absorbance and photoluminescence, and the bromide element ratio increasing in the bulk by time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry and depth‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, a clear suppression of non‐radiative recombination is confirmed by a variety of characterization methods. This work provides a simple and universal way to reduce the Woc of single‐junction perovskite solar cells and it will also shed light on developing other high‐performance optoelectronic devices, including perovskite‐based tandems and light‐emitting diodes.
Work Function‐Based Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Hydrogen Sensor and Its Functionality: A Review
Authors: Sahoo Tejaswini , Kale Paresh 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHydrogen, a nonpolluting gas, is emerging as an ideal, suitable, and economical energy carrier. The current global non‐carbon hydrogen production is 105.8 MW in 2020 and is expected to reach 218 MW in 2021. Hydrogen possesses low ignition energy of 0.017 mJ and reacts exothermically with air, posing severe safety challenges. Humanly undetectable gas needs accurate and sensitive sensors to prevent accidents. Amongst different hydrogen sensors currently developed, work function‐based sensors are sensitive, selective, cost‐effective, smaller in size, less susceptible to environmental change, and viable for mass production. This paper reviews semiconductor work function‐based gas sensors, the structures and materials used in fabricating the structures, and the sensor performance. Metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS)‐based Schottky diode, MOS capacitor, and MOS field‐effect transistors (FETs) are the three types of triple‐layer work function‐based sensors. The work function of the catalyst changes when the hydrogen molecule dissociates on its surface, ultimately causing an electrostatic potential shift, affecting the sensitivity. Nanomaterials and nanostructure add better sensitivity and response time to the sensor due to the high surface‐to‐volume ratio. Improved structures such as suspended gate FETs and hybrid suspended gate FETs may further improve the hydrogen adsorption into the catalyst due to the metal–oxide air gap without forming metal hydride.
Molecular Weight Tuning of Organic Semiconductors for Curved Organic–Inorganic Hybrid X‐Ray Detectors
Authors: Nanayakkara M. Prabodhi A. , Masteghin Mateus G. , Basiricò Laura , Fratelli Ilaria , Ciavatti Andrea , Kilbride Rachel C. , Jenatsch Sandra , Webb Thomas , Richheimer Filipe , Wood Sebastian , Castro Fernando A. , Parnell Andrew J. , Fraboni Beatrice , Jayawardena K. D. G. Imalka , Silva S. Ravi P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCurved X‐ray detectors have the potential to revolutionize diverse sectors due to benefits such as reduced image distortion and vignetting compared to their planar counterparts. While the use of inorganic semiconductors for curved detectors are restricted by their brittle nature, organic–inorganic hybrid semiconductors which incorporated bismuth oxide nanoparticles in an organic bulk heterojunction consisting of poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐2,5‐diyl) (P3HT) and [6,6]‐phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM) are considered to be more promising in this regard. However, the influence of the P3HT molecular weight on the mechanical stability of curved, thick X‐ray detectors remains less well understood. Herein, high P3HT molecular weights (>40 kDa) are identified to allow increased intermolecular bonding and chain entanglements, resulting in X‐ray detectors that can be curved to a radius as low as 1.3 mm with low deviation in X‐ray response under 100 repeated bending cycles while maintaining an industry‐standard dark current of <1 pA mm−2 and a sensitivity of ≈ 0.17 μC Gy−1 cm−2. This study identifies a crucial missing link in the development of curved detectors, namely the importance of the molecular weight of the polymer semiconductors used.
Raman Nanotags‐Guided Intraoperative Sentinel Lymph Nodes Precise Location with Minimal Invasion
Authors: Deng Binge , Wang Yaohui , Wu Yifan , Yin Wenjin , Lu Jinsong , Ye Jian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe accurate positioning of sentinel lymph node (SLN) by tracers during surgery is an important prerequisite for SLN biopsy. A major problem of traditional tracers in SLN biopsy is the short surgery window due to the fast diffusion of tracers through the lymphatics, resulting in a misjudgment between SLN and second echelon lymph node (2nd LN). Here, a nontoxic Raman nanoparticle tracer, termed gap‐enhanced Raman tags (GERTs), for the accurate intraoperative positioning of SLNs with a sufficient surgical time window is designed. In white New Zealand rabbit models, GERTs enable precise identification of SLNs within 10 min, as well as provide the surgeon with a more than 4 h time window to differentiate SLN and 2nd LN. In addition, the ultrahigh sensitivity of GERTs (detection limit is 0.5 × 10−12 m) allows detection of labeled SLNs before surgery, thereby providing preoperative positioning information for minimally invasive surgery. Comprehensive biosafety evaluations carried out in the context of the Food and Drug Administration and International Standard Organization demonstrate no significant toxicity of GERTs, which supports a promising clinical translation opportunity of GERTs for precise SLN identification in breast cancer.