bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupancy modelling confirms the first extirpation of a freshwater fish from one of the world's largest river systems
Authors: Wedderburn Scotte D. , Whiterod Nick S. , Vilizzi Lorenzo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract

Numerous human‐induced changes to freshwater ecosystems are implicated in the loss of biodiversity, including fish extinctions. Dams and weirs have profoundly altered the ecological character of the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), one of the world's largest river systems, which discharges at the mouth of the River Murray in South Australia.
These impacts are evident in the Ramsar‐listed final reaches of the river, where regulation, drought, and flow reductions over recent decades have led to the collapse of freshwater fish populations, including Yarra pygmy perch (Nannoperca obscura), which is Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species.
Nannoperca obscura occurs in several major catchments in south‐eastern Australia, but the genetically unique population in the MDB only inhabits wetlands near the terminus of the River Murray where wild populations were last recorded in 2008 approaching the end of a prolonged drought.
This study involved repeated surveys targeting N. obscura to evaluate its occupancy in the MDB while accounting for imperfect detection. The surveys failed to find N. obscura despite regular detection of the closely related southern pygmy perch (Nannoperca australis), which provides a proxy for the congener.
This study presents strong evidence that N. obscura is absent in the survey region, thereby inferring the first freshwater fish extirpation from the MDB. The outcomes of this study should prompt responses required to aid the species' population recovery and present a reliable approach to confirm the status of freshwater fishes for conservation management.
Design, synthesis, anticancer, and docking of some S‐ and/or N‐heterocyclic derivatives as VEGFR‐2 inhibitors
Authors: El‐Adl Khaled , Abdel‐Rahman Adel A.‐H. , Omar Asmaa M. , Alswah Mohamed , Saleh Nashwa M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNovel heterocyclic derivatives (4–22) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated against hepatocellular carcinoma type (HepG2) and breast cancer (MCF‐7) cells, targeting the VEGFR‐2 enzyme. Compounds 18, 10, 13, 11, and 14 were found to be the most potent derivatives against both the HepG2 and MCF‐7 cancer cell lines, with GI50 = 2.11, 2.54 µM, 3.16, 3.64 µM, 3.24, 6.99 µM, 7.41, 6.49 µM and 8.08, 10.46 µM, respectively. Compounds 18 and 10 showed higher activities against both HepG2 and MCF‐7 cells than sorafenib (GI50 = 9.18, 5.47 µM, respectively) and doxorubicin (GI50 = 7.94, 8.07 µM, respectively). Compounds 13, 11, and 14 showed higher activities than sorafenib against HepG2 cancer cells, but lower activities against MCF‐7 cells. Compounds 18, 13, and 10 were more potent than sorafenib, inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) at GI50 values of 0.05, 0.06, and 0.08 µM, respectively. Compound 11 inhibited VEGFR‐2 at an IC50 value of 0.10 µM, which is equipotent to sorafenib. Compound 14 inhibited VEGFR‐2 at an IC50 value of 0.11 µM, which is nearly equipotent to sorafenib. The tested compounds have more selectivity against cancer cell lines. Compounds 18, 10, 13, 11, and 14 are, respectively, 16.76, 9.24, 6.06, 2.78, and 2.85 times more toxic in HePpG2 cancer cells than in VERO normal cells. Also, compounds 18, 10, 13, 11, and 14 are, respectively, 14.07, 8.02, 2.81, 3.18, and 2.20 times more toxic in MCF‐7 than in VERO normal cells. The most active compounds, 10, 13, and 18, showed a good ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) profile.
Biology‐oriented drug synthesis and evaluation of secnidazole esters as novel enzyme ınhibitors
Authors: Ansari Muhammad A. , Saad Syed M. , Khan Khalid M. , Salar Uzma , Taslimi Parham , Taskın‐Tok Tugba , Saleem Faiza , Jahangir Sajid 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe identification of novel compounds that can inhibit physiologically and metabolically important drug targets or enzymes has prime importance in medicinal chemistry. With this aim, a range of secnidazole esters 1–30 were synthesized under the heading of biology‐oriented drug synthesis by the 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole‐mediated coupling reaction between secnidazole and varyingly benzoic acid derivatives. All compounds were screened for inhibitory activity against human carbonic anhydrase (hCA) I and II, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and α‐glucosidase. The results indicate that all the synthesized compounds showed potent inhibitory activities against all targets, as compared to the standard inhibitors, revealed by IC50 values. Ki values of the secnidazole derivatives 1–30 for hCA I, hCA II, AChE, BChE, and α‐glucosidase enzymes were obtained in the ranges of 47.37–190.74, 44.38–198.21, 12.14–68.37, 8.04–61.53, and 7.78–45.91 nM, respectively. To assess the enzyme–ligand interactions, the optimized most active compounds 2, 3, 8, 9, 14, 17, and 23 were subjected to molecular docking studies with modeled AChE, BChE, hCA I, hCA II, and α‐glucosidase enzymes, where several important and key interactions were monitored with amino acid residues of each target enzyme.
3D Printed Multilayer Graphite@SiO Structural Anode for High‐Loading Lithium‐Ion Battery
Authors: He Wenjie , Chen Chenglong , Jiang Jiangmin , Chen Zhijie , Liao Haojie , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTo satisfy the increasing demand for higher energy density, the fabrication and structural designs of three‐dimensional (3D) thick electrodes have received considerable attention. In this work, cheap commercial graphite (Gt) and silicon monoxide (SiO) were chosen as raw materials. We have took advantage of the multi‐layer biscuit structure feature to the 3D Gt@GS (Gt@Gt/SiO) electrode with high loading through a modified 3D printing technology. Such a unique structure can not only effectively accommodate the volume expansion in all directions, but also provide a 3D transport channel to enhance the mobility of electrons and ions in the thick electrodes. The obtained 3D Gt@GS electrode, as a freestanding material, shows high capacity and good cycling stability. Especially, the 3D Gt@GS electrode after 120 cycles has achieved a reversible capacity of 3.52 mAh cm−2 at 3.6 mA cm−2.In addition, we have successfully fabricated a 3D plane‐shaped batteries via a direct ink writing technology and a fused deposition technology. The heterotypic battery assembled can be utilized as an external power supply for the aircraft model. This work demonstrates that the structural battery combined with structural load and 3D printing technology is versatile enough to meet the demand of energy storage systems for high energy density.
Outcomes of prostatic urethral lift in a medically complex population at a veterans affairs hospital
Authors: Lehner Kelly , Popat Shreeya , Utech Katherine , Taylor Jennifer , Brooks Michael , Jones Jeffrey 
Published: December 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to report “real‐world” outcomes of prostatic urethral lift (PUL) in a medically complex US military veteran population while employing liberalized procedural indications.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of patients who underwent PUL at our institution. There were no prostatic size requirements, patients were accepted on anti‐platelet/anticoagulant therapy, no benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) medication washout was required, and there was no maximum post‐void residual PVR. Pre‐ and post‐operative International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), uroflowmetry, and PVR were recorded. Statistical comparisons were performed using simple t tests.ResultsFrom 2013 to 2019, 91 patients underwent PUL. Mean age was 70 (range 55–92) years. The majority of our patients were classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 3 versus the general population at ASA class 2. Post‐operatively, IPSS decreased by an average of 43% (23 to 13, p < 0.001). There was a mean 41% decrease in PVR (179 to 101 cc, p = 0.009), which was durable for a follow‐up of up to 54 months. Maximum urinary flow rate improved by an average of 32% (9.3 to 12.3 cc/s, p = 0.003), which was also durable throughout follow‐ up. Forty‐four patients required catheterization pre‐operatively and 16 required catheterization post‐operatively. Therefore, 27 patients (61.4%) were rendered catheter‐free by PUL. Thirty‐nine patients were taking antiplatelet medications peri‐operatively, and 13 took anticoagulants. Only one patient (on warfarin) experienced hematuria requiring re‐admission with catheter placement.ConclusionsPUL produced effective and durable results in our veteran population, including in patients with significant pre‐operative bladder decompensation and those on antiplatelets/anticoagulants.
Transgenerational adverse effects of valproate? A patient report from 90 affected families
Authors: Martin Marine , Hill Catherine , Bewley Susan , MacLennan Alastair H. , Braillon Alain 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundValproate use during pregnancy increases risk in malformations and neurodevelopmental disorders. Data from the experimental setting in mice showed valproate is a direct inhibitor of histone deacetylase, inducing histone hyperacetylation, histone methylation, and DNA demethylation causing congenital malformations with an epigenetic inheritance. We investigated potential transgenerational adverse effects of valproate.MethodsWe questioned 108 individuals (from 90 families) suffering complications due to valproate exposure in utero who were parents themselves (85 women and 23 men) about the occurrence of malformations and neurodevelopmental disorders in their children. All were member of Aide aux Parents d'Enfants souffrants du Syndrome de l'AntiConvulsivant (APESAC), a charity created in 2011 to provide personal assistance and support to families suffering complications due to valproate exposure during pregnancy.ResultsAmong their 187 children they reported 43 (23%) children with malformation(s) (26 hand or foot malformations; 15 dysmorphic facial features; 10 renal/urologic malformations; 6 spina bifida; 4 cardiac malformation; 2 craniosynostosis; 2 cleft lip and palate) and 82 (44%) children with neurodevelopmental disorders (63 problematic behaviors and autism; 41 psychomotor disorders; 16 language problems; 16 attention deficit; 5 mental retardation). Only 88 (47%) children had neither malformation nor developmental disorders.ConclusionThese data add to the need for funding pharmacoepidemiological investigations of epigenetic inheritance caused by drugs causing malformations or neurodevelopmental disorders. Individuals exposed in utero to valproate must be informed about the risk, so they can consider fertility options, antenatal diagnosis, and adequate early surveillance.
Improvement of acetyl‐CoA supply and glucose utilization increases l‐leucine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Wang Yingyu , Xu Jianzhong , Jin Zhengyu , Xia Xiaole , Zhang Weiguo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundl‐Leucine is an important essential amino acid with multiple industrial applications, whose market requirements cannot be met because of the low productivity.Main Methods and Major ResultsIn this study, a strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum with high l‐leucine yield was constructed to enhance its acetyl‐CoA supply and glucose utilization. One copy of leuA under the control of a strong promoter was incorporated into the C. glutamicum genome. Then, acetyl‐CoA supply was increased by the integration of a terminator in front of gltA and by the heterogeneous overexpression of acetyl‐CoA synthetase (ACS) and deacetylase (CobB) derived from Escherichia coli. Next, the transcriptional regulator sugR was deleted to enhance glucose uptake via a phosphotransferase‐mediated route. In fed‐batch fermentation performed in a 5‐L reactor, l‐leucine production of 40.11 ± 0.73 g L−1 was achieved under the optimized conditions, with an l‐leucine yield and productivity of 0.25 g g−1 glucose and 0.59 g L−1 h−1, respectively.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese results represent a significant improvement in the l‐leucine production of C. glutamicum, indicating that the process possesses high potential for industrial application. These strategies can be also expanded to enable the production of other value‐added biochemicals derived from the intermediates of central carbon metabolism.
Barrett's esophagus: The pathomorphological and molecular genetic keystones of neoplastic progression
Authors: Maslyonkina Ksenia S. , Konyukova Alexandra K. , Alexeeva Darya Y. , Sinelnikov Mikhail Y. , Mikhaleva Liudmila M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBarrett's esophagus is a widespread chronically progressing disease of heterogeneous nature. A life threatening complication of this condition is neoplastic transformation, which is often overlooked due to lack of standardized approaches in diagnosis, preventative measures and treatment. In this essay, we aim to stratify existing data to show specific associations between neoplastic transformation and the underlying processes which predate cancerous transition. We discuss pathomorphological, genetic, epigenetic, molecular and immunohistochemical methods related to neoplasia detection on the basis of Barrett's esophagus. Our review sheds light on pathways of such neoplastic progression in the distal esophagus, providing valuable insight into progression assessment, preventative targets and treatment modalities. Our results suggest that molecular, genetic and epigenetic alterations in the esophagus arise earlier than cancerous transformation, meaning the discussed targets can help form preventative strategies in at‐risk patient groups.
Computational detection of a genome instability‐derived lncRNA signature for predicting the clinical outcome of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Guo Chen‐Rui , Mao Yan , Jiang Feng , Juan Chen‐Xia , Zhou Guo‐Ping , Li Ning 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEvidence has been emerging of the importance of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in genome instability. However, no study has established how to classify such lncRNAs linked to genomic instability, and whether that connection poses a therapeutic significance. Here, we established a computational frame derived from mutator hypothesis by combining profiles of lncRNA expression and those of somatic mutations in a tumor genome, and identified 185 candidate lncRNAs associated with genomic instability in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Through further studies, we established a six lncRNA‐based signature, which assigned patients to the high‐ and low‐risk groups with different prognosis. Further validation of this signature was performed in a number of separate cohorts of LUAD patients. In addition, the signature was found closely linked to genomic mutation rates in patients, indicating it could be a useful way to quantify genomic instability. In summary, this research offered a novel method by through which more studies may explore the function of lncRNAs and presented a possible new way for detecting biomarkers associated with genomic instability in cancers.
Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Diarylpentanoids against Sensitive CCRF‐CEM and Multidrug‐Resistant CEM/ADR5000 Leukemia Cells
Authors: Di Chio Carla , Zhou Min , Efferth Thomas , Schirmeister Tanja , Zappalà Maria , Ettari Roberta 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article described the synthesis and biological investigation of a series of symmetric diarylpentanoids, characterized by a dienone moiety and by a different pattern of substitution on the two phenyl rings. The series of compounds 1a–p were tested against drug‐sensitive CCRF‐CEM and multidrug‐resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells to evaluate their cytotoxic profile, and all the diarypentanoids revealed to be active against both the leukemia cell lines, with the best activity shown by compound 1o that showed a submicromolar activity against both CCRF‐CEM and CEM/ADR5000 cell lines (EC50=0.54 and 0.25 μM, respectively).
Trends in grain quality and responses to nitrogen application of japonica inbred rice released after the 1980s in east China
Authors: Meng Tianyao , Zhang Xubin , Chen Xi , Ge Jialin , Zhou Guisheng , Wei Huanhe , Dai Qigen 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe past four decades have seen a dramatic increase in cropping area of japonica inbred rice after the 1980s and nowadays occupies 90% of the total cropping area in Jiangsu, east China. To date, little attention has been paid to the effects of genetic improvements of japonica inbred rice on grain yield and grain quality under different nitrogen (N) levels. Fifteen japonica inbred rice released from 1983 to 2014 were investigated to evaluate changes in grain yield and grain quality of japonica inbred rice under 180 kg N/ha (N180), 270 kg N/ha (N270), and 360 kg N/ha (N360) during genetic progress.FindingsGenetic improvement increased (p < .01) rice grain yield and annual gain was 47.1, 60.2, and 75.6 kg/ha under N180, N270, and N360, respectively. During genetic progress, milling quality (milled rice percentage and head rice percentage), appearance quality (chalky rice percentage, chalky degree, and grain length‐to‐width ratio), and cooking and eating quality (gel consistency, overall palatability, breakdown, and setback) have been improved, while nutritional quality has been declined because of a reducing trend of protein content. Generally, the application of N fertilizer improved nutritional quality but deteriorated milling quality, appearance quality, and cooking and eating quality. Higher N application increased grain protein content, gel consistency, and breakdown, while decreased setback, which resulted in poor overall palatability.ConclusionsThe results suggested great improvements in both grain yield and grain quality (especially milling, appearance, and cooking and eating qualities) of japonica inbred rice since the 1980s in east China. Modern rice cultivars respond more favorably to increased N application in terms of grain yield. N application improved nutritional quality but downgrades other quality traits.Significance and noveltyOur results proved a great success in breeding high‐yielding and good‐quality japonica inbred rice in east China since the 1980s. Future rice breeding for higher grain yield and better grain quality should rely both on improvements of breeding selection and cultivation practices, particularly concerning N management strategies.
Deep dorsal penile vein thrombosis in a patient with COVID‐19 infection: A rare complication and the first reported case
Authors: Bagheri Seyed Morteza , Tabrizi Zhale 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 infection may have extrapulmunary manifestations such as blood hypercoagulability that may cause thrombosis in both arterial and venous system. Deep dorsal penile vein thrombosis is very rare, and the most common reason is coagulation disorders. The common observed symptom is penile pain especially during erection and it is diagnosed by ultrasound evaluation of the vein. It is necessary to distinguish deep dorsal penile vein thrombosis from superficial dorsal penile vein thrombosis as it needs anti‐coagulant treatment. In present study, we describe a unique case of the deep dorsal penile vein thrombosis following COVID‐19 infection.
Synthesis of Redox‐Active Photochromic Phenanthrene Derivatives
Authors: Chatir Elarbi , Boggio‐Pasqua Martial , Loiseau Frederique , Philouze Christian , Royal Guy , Cobo Saioa 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA phenanthrene unit has been functionalized by several methylthiophene units in order to bring it a photochromic behavior. These compounds were characterized by NMR, absorption and emission spectroscopies, theoretical calculations as well as cyclic voltammetry. The association of a phenanthrene group with a photochromic center could open the door to a new generation of organic field‐effect transistors.
Micro‐Mesoporous Carbons from Cyclodextrin Nanosponges Enabling High‐Capacity Silicon Anodes and Sulfur Cathodes for Lithiated Si‐S Batteries
Authors: Alidoost Mojtaba , Mangini Anna , Caldera Fabrizio , Anceschi Anastasia , Amici Julia , Versaci Daniele , Fagiolari Lucia , Trotta Francesco , Francia Carlotta , Bella Federico , Bodoardo Silvia 
Published: December 2021

AbstractManufactured globally on industrial scale, cyclodextrins (CD) are cyclic oligosaccharides produced by enzymatic conversion of starch. Their typical structure of truncated cone can host a wide variety of guest molecules to create inclusion complexes; indeed, we daily use CD as unseen components of food, cosmetics, textiles and pharmaceutical excipients. The synthesis of active material composites from CD resources can enable or enlarge the effective utilization of these products in the battery industry with some economical as well as environmental benefits. New and simple strategies are here presented for the synthesis of nanostructured silicon and sulfur composite materials with carbonized hyper cross‐linked CD (nanosponges) that show satisfactory performance as high‐capacity electrodes. For the sulfur cathode, the mesoporous carbon host limits polysulfide dissolution and shuttle effects and guarantees stable cycling performance. The embedding of silicon nanoparticles into the carbonized nanosponge allows to achieve high capacity and excellent cycling performance. Moreover, due to the high surface area of the silicon composite, the characteristics at the electrode/electrolyte interface dominate the overall electrochemical reversibility, opening a detailed analysis on the behavior of the material in different electrolytes. We show that the use of commercial LP30 electrolyte causes a larger capacity fade, and this is associated with different solid electrolyte interface layer formation and it is also demonstrated that fluoroethylene carbonate addition can significantly increase the capacity retention and the overall performance of our nanostructured Si/C composite in both ether‐based and LP30 electrolytes. As a result, an integration of the Si/C and S/C composites is proposed to achieve a complete lithiated Si−S cell.