bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed spontaneous resolution of a double anterior chamber following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK)
Authors: Luangprasert Poramaporn , Jongkhajornpong Passara , Lekhanont Kaevalin , Nonpassopon Manachai , Chuckpaiwong Varintorn 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
This study reports a rare case of delayed spontaneous resolution of double anterior chambers (AC) resulting from non-rhegmatogenous Descemet membrane detachment (DMD) after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK). Currently, management guidelines for this condition have not been established.

Case presentation
A 65-year-old woman with lattice corneal dystrophy underwent uncomplicated DALK, during which an unrecognized type 2 big bubble was present. On postoperative day 1, a total DMD was observed, and descemetopexy was attempted. After an unsuccessful air-filled descemetopexy, we opted for observation without further intervention. Spontaneous reattachment of Descemet membrane with a clear cornea was achieved at 3 months postoperatively. The endothelial cell count was 2,165 cells/ mm2.

Conclusions
The spontaneous resolution of double AC in patients with DMD without visible perforation after DALK suggests that a “wait and observe” approach can be a reasonable and effective management strategy.
The use and operationalization of “structural stigma” in health-related research: A scoping review
Authors: Eschliman Evan L. , Kisanga Edwina P. , Huang Long Jie , Poku Ohemaa B. , Genberg Becky L. , German Danielle , Murray Sarah M. , Yang Lawrence H. , Kaufman Michelle R. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Research that investigates the negative health effects of stigma beyond the individual and interpersonal levels is increasingly using the concept of “structural stigma.” This scoping review investigates how the concept of “structural stigma” has been used and operationalized in health-related literature to date in order to characterize its usage and inform future operationalizations.

Methods
A systematic search and screening process identified peer-reviewed, English-language research articles that used the term “structural stigma” available prior to January 1, 2024 in five databases (i.e., PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL).

Results
Of the 298 articles identified, over half (53%) were published from 2021 onward. Articles most commonly were set in the United States (n = 163, 55%), investigated stigma toward sexual minority people (n = 163, 55%), and cited the introduction of a special issue of Social Science & Medicine as their source of the concept (n = 84, 28%). Most articles (64%) used at least one additional conceptual framework, most commonly minority stress theory (n = 107, 36%). Quantitative operationalizations (n = 102) engaged most in the conceptual domain of laws and government-level policies, while qualitative operationalizations (n = 68) engaged most with institutional (i.e., non-government-level) policies, practices, and procedures.

Conclusions
As the use of “structural stigma” is increasing, operationalizations can better leverage the concept’s breadth and account for individuals’ intersectional lived experiences. This will necessitate bridging across methodologies and bodies of research on related negative social processes.
Health care assistant and registered nurse dyads, working together and apart – a qualitative study
Authors: Carroll Rachael E. , De Vries Kay , Goodman Claire , Brown Jayne 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
This study was undertaken to understand the role of the Health Care Assistants and how they negotiate roles and responsibilities with Registered Nurses in adult acute hospitals.

Methods
The qualitative approach of focused ethnography used non-participant observation and interviews with staff from four acute wards. Field notes and interview data, analysed using NVIVO10, moved data from description through explanation, interpretation and identification of themes.

Results
148 h of observations and 108 interviews were conducted in dyads comprising 22 Health Care Assistants and 33 Registered Nurses. Health Care Assistants worked non-dependently from, and inter-dependently with Registered Nurse dyad partners. Dyads relied on demarcation of responsibilities by task, established and reinforced by ward culture. Demarcation enabled Registered Nurses to oversee care but could create false divides between observing and recording patients’ conditions and interpreting findings. Interdependent working only happened when two staff members were needed for care. Involvement in fundamental care by the Registered Nurse was unpredictable and discretionary. There was limited evidence of how dyads supported person-centred approaches.

Conclusion
The physically-boundaried, close working of the Health Care Assistant and Registered Nurse had an isolating, task driven impact on Health Care Assistants’ work. Recognising the dyad did not foster shared goals, learning or review of care.
Trends in initial pharmacological COPD treatment in primary care (2010–2021): a population-based study using the PHARMO Data Network
Authors: Rodrigues Guilherme , Antão Joana , Deng Qichen , Baak Brenda N. , Marques Alda , Franssen Frits M. E. , Spruit Martijn A. 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Pharmacological treatment is a cornerstone of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management, with general practitioners providing the most care. However, the lack of data on prescribing trends in initial pharmacotherapy in primary care hinders the understanding of how scientific and technical developments impact patient care and may also perpetuate suboptimal practices. Hence, this study aims to analyze trends in the initial pharmacological treatment of newly diagnosed COPD patients in Dutch primary care from 2010 to 2021.

Methods
A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted via the PHARMO GP Database. Data were extracted from the electronic health records of individuals managed by general practitioners in the Netherlands within the PHARMO Data Network. Individuals aged ≥ 40 years at diagnosis with an International Classification of Primary Care code for COPD (R95) were included. Initial pharmacological treatment was identified based on the first prescription issued within 90 days postdiagnosis. The annual proportions of individuals receiving a specific treatment among those diagnosed were calculated and directly standardized by age and sex according to the 2021 Dutch population structure. Trend analysis was performed via joinpoint regression.

Results
A total of 54,628 COPD patients were included (median [IQR] age: 65 [57–73]; 53.7% male), with 36.4% not receiving respiratory medication within 90 days of diagnosis, and 4.2% on other treatments. Trend analysis revealed that LAMA monotherapy increased from 13.4% in 2010 to 15.1% in 2015 and then declined to 11.0% by 2021. Moreover, LABA-ICS decreased from 17.6% to 8.5% between 2010 and 2018, after which it plateaued. In contrast, LABA-LAMA sharply increased, from 0.6% in 2010 to 9.6% in 2021. LABA monotherapy increased from 2.6% in 2010 to 5.7% in 2021. Triple therapy has remained constant. For reliever-only therapies, SABA increased from 8.5% in 2010 to 14.3% in 2018 and then stabilized, whereas SAMA and SABA-SAMA remained low throughout.

Conclusions
Shifts in initial pharmacological COPD treatment from 2010 to 2021 likely reflect the introduction of new inhalers and updated management strategies. However, a significant proportion of patients remain without GP prescriptions, which warrants further investigation.
Google trend analysis of the Indian population reveals a panel of seasonally sensitive comorbid symptoms with implications for monitoring the seasonally sensitive human population
Authors: Gahlot Urmila , Sharma Yogendra Kumar , Patel Jaichand , Ragumani Sugadev 
Published: December 2024

AbstractSeasonal variations in the environment induce observable changes in the human physiological system and manifest as various clinical symptoms in a specific human population. Our earlier studies predicted four global severe seasonal sensitive comorbid lifestyle diseases (SCLDs), namely, asthma, obesity, hypertension, and fibrosis. Our studies further indicated that the SCLD category of the human population may be maladapted or unacclimatized to seasonal changes. The current study aimed to explore the major seasonal symptoms associated with SCLD and evaluate their seasonal linkages via Google Trends (GT). We used the Human Disease Symptom Network (HSDN) to dissect common symptoms of SCLD. We then exploited medical databases and medical literature resources in consultation with medical practitioners to narrow down the clinical symptoms associated with four SCLDs, namely, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and obesity. Our study revealed a strong association of 12 clinical symptoms with SCLD. Each clinical symptom was further subjected to GT analysis to address its seasonal linkage. The GT search was carried out in the Indian population for the period from January 2015–December 2019. In the GT analysis, 11 clinical symptoms were strongly associated with Indian seasonal changes, with the exception of hypergammaglobulinemia, due to the lack of GT data in the Indian population. These 11 symptoms also presented sudden increases or decreases in search volume during the two major Indian seasonal transition months, namely, March and November. Moreover, in addition to SCLD, several seasonally associated clinical disorders share most of these 12 symptoms. In this regard, we named these 12 symptoms the “seasonal sensitive comorbid symptoms (SSC)” of the human population. Further clinical studies are needed to verify the utility of these symptoms in screening seasonally maladapted human populations. We also warrant that clinicians and researcher be well aware of the limitations and pitfalls of GT before correlating the clinical outcome of SSC symptoms with GT.
The plasma metabolome of juvenile idiopathic arthritis varies according to subtype and underlying inflammatory status
Authors: Kwon Jooa , Neeland Melanie R. , Ellis Justine A. , Munro Jane , Saffery Richard , Novakovic Boris , Mansell Toby 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Background
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is challenging to classify and effectively monitor due to the lack of disease- and subtype-specific biomarkers. A robust molecular signature that tracks with specific JIA features over time is urgently required, and targeted plasma metabolomics may reveal such a signature. The primary aim of this study was to characterise the differences in the plasma metabolome between JIA patients and non-JIA controls and identify specific markers of JIA subtype. We also assessed the extent to which these signatures are due to underlying inflammation as assessed by glycoprotein acetyls (GlycA) and high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) levels.

Methods
Targeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic profiles of plasma of 72 children with JIA and 18 controls were assessed cross-sectionally. Associations between 71 metabolomic biomarkers and JIA, JIA subtype, disease activity status, and inflammation markers (GlycA and hsCRP) were assessed using multivariable linear regression models.

Results
JIA was associated with higher GlycA (mean difference = 0.93 standard deviations, 95% confidence interval = [0.370, 1.494], Padj = 0.039) and docosahexaenoic acid (1.06, [0.51, 1.60], Padj = 0.021), and lower acetate (-0.92, [-1.43, -0.41], Padj = 0.024) relative to controls. This variation was largely driven by systemic JIA (sJIA), with 24 of 71 total biomarkers significantly different (Padj <0.05) relative to controls. There were no specific differences identified in oligoarticular (oJIA) or polyarticular (rheumatoid factor positive or negative) JIA relative to controls. Despite being generally highly correlated with hsCRP (r > 0.70), GlycA, but not hsCRP, was positively associated with active disease in sJIA (0.22, [-0.40, -0.04], Padj = 0.018), and 6 of 24 sJIA-associated markers were associated with GlycA levels. Only 1 sJIA-associated biomarker, histidine, was associated with hsCRP levels.

Conclusion
Differences in the plasma NMR metabolomic profiles are apparent in children with sJIA, but not other JIA subtypes, relative to non-JIA controls. These findings suggest a potential utility for classifying and monitoring JIA through metabolomic profiling, with chronic inflammation, measured by GlycA, potentially playing a role in at least some of these metabolomic differences.
Unlocking genome-based prediction and selection in conifers: the key role of within-family prediction accuracy illustrated in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.)
Authors: Papin Victor , Gorjanc Gregor , Pocrnic Ivan , Bouffier Laurent , Sanchez Leopoldo 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Key message
Based on experimental and simulated data for maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) in a genomic selection context, our study reveals that the often-highlighted equivalence between genome-based and pedigree-based prediction accuracies of breeding values is associated with a zero accuracy of genome-based prediction within families, which can be attributed to the still insufficient size of the genomic training sets for conifers.

Context
Genomic selection is a promising approach for forest tree breeding. However, its advantage in terms of prediction accuracy over conventional pedigree-based methods is unclear and within-family accuracy is rarely assessed.

Aims
We used a pedigree-based model (ABLUP) with corrected pedigree data as a baseline reference for assessing the prediction accuracy of genome-based model (GBLUP) at the global and within-family levels in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait).

Methods
We considered 39 full-sib families, each comprising 10 to 40 individuals, to constitute an experimental population of 833 individuals. A stochastic simulation model was also developed to explore other scenarios of heritability, training set size, and marker density.

Results
Prediction accuracies with GBLUP and ABLUP were similar, and within-family accuracy with GBLUP was on average zero with large variation between families. Simulations revealed that the number of individuals in the training set was the principal factor limiting GBLUP accuracy in our study and likely in many forest tree breeding programmes. Accurate within-family prediction is possible if 40–65 individuals per full-sib family are included in the genomic training set, from a total of 1600–2000 individuals in the training set.

Conclusions
The increase in the number of individuals per family in the training set lead to a significant advantage of GBLUP over ABLUP in terms of prediction accuracy and more clearly justify the switch to genome-based prediction and selection in forest trees.
High genetic gains in wood volume and fecundity can be both achieved by direct selection in half-sib families of Pinus yunnanensis Franch
Authors: Gao Chengjie , Li Zhongmu , Li Jin , Cui Kai 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Key message
This study demonstrates the potential of Pinus yunnanensis Franch. for multi-trait selection in breeding programs, highlighting positive co-variation of growth traits with fecundity, trunk straightness, and crown health in 16-year-old progenies. Integrated trait selection could enhance wood productivity and seed yield, supporting both commercial and ecological goals in reforestation efforts.

Context
The genetic improvement of P. yunnanensis, a species widely used for reforestation in Southwest China, is essential due to its economic importance and adaptability to harsh environments. Despite its extensive use, studies on mature trees are limited, particularly in multi-trait selection involving fecundity and trunk quality.

Aims
This study aimed to characterize phenotypic variation among and within provenances of P. yunnanensis, explore relationships among key traits, and evaluate the feasibility of joint selection for growth, fecundity, and trunk straightness.

Methods
We evaluated nine phenotypic traits in 3467 plus-tree progenies from six provenances in a common garden setting. Using structural equation modeling and “random forest” analysis, we identified key predictors of cone production and trunk straightness and assessed trait interrelationships.

Results
Significant phenotypic variations were observed among and within provenances of P. yunnanensis, with intra-provenance variation accounting for most of the total variation. Notably, 16.2% of trees exhibited twisted trunks, leading to a 14.9% decrease in wood volume compared to trees with straight trunks. The top 20% of individuals contributed 87.8% of total cone production, indicating substantial variation in fecundity. Growth, crown size, and crown health positively correlated with fecundity and trunk straightness, with tree height and diameter being the most important predictors. Both pairwise and multivariate analyses revealed significant and positive relationships among growth, fecundity, and crown health, suggesting high potential for multi-trait selection.

Conclusion
This study supports the feasibility of combined selection to optimize wood productivity, cone production, and crown health in breeding programs. These findings provide a valuable foundation for refining P. yunnanensis breeding strategies that meet the dual demands of economic utility and environmental adaptation in a changing climate.
Live Akkermansia muciniphila boosts dendritic cell retinoic acid synthesis to modulate IL-22 activity and mitigate colitis in mice
Authors: Liu Hongbin , Huang Ruo , Shen Binhai , Huang Chongyang , zhou Qian , Xu Jiahui , Chen Shengbo , Lin Xinlong , Wang Jun , Zhao Xinmei , Guo Yandong , Ai Xiuyun , Liu Yangyang , Wang Ye , Zhang Wendi , Zhi Fachao 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
The interplay between gut microbiota and immune responses is crucial in ulcerative colitis (UC). Though Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk) shows therapeutic potential, the mechanisms remain unclear. This study sought to investigate differences in therapeutic efficacy among different forms or strains of Akk and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Results
Employing a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model, we assessed Akk’s impact on colitis using cellular cytokine analysis, immune phenotyping, proteomics, and biochemical methods. Our results suggest that treatment with live Akk effectively reduced colitis in the DSS-induced model, whereas heat-inactivated Akk did not yield the same results. Notably, Akk exhibited protective properties by promoting the secretion of IL-22 by Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s), as evidenced by the absence of protection in IL-22 knockout mice. Additionally, Akk augmented the population of CD103+CD11b− dendritic cells (DCs) and enhanced their retinoic acid (RA) synthesis through the modulation of RALDH2, a crucial enzyme in RA metabolism. The depletion of RALDH2 in DCs diminished Akk’s protective properties and impaired IL-22-mediated mucosal healing. Mechanistically, Akk activated RA production in DCs by enhancing the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway. Additionally, various strains of Akk may exhibit differing abilities to alleviate colitis, with the novel strain Am06 derived from breast milk showing consistent efficacy similar to the reference strain.

Conclusions
In summary, our findings indicate that certain strains of Akk may mitigate colitis through the promotion of RA synthesis and IL-22 secretion, underscoring the potential efficacy of Akk as a therapeutic intervention for the management of UC.
Chemical heat derived from rocket-borne WADIS-2 experiment
Authors: Grygalashvyly Mykhaylo , Strelnikov Boris , Strelnikova Irina , Rapp Markus , Lübken Franz-Josef , Schütt Corinna , Stephan Claudia , Eberhart Martin , Löhle Stefan , Fasoulas Stefanos 
Published: December 2024

AbstractChemical heating rates were derived from three of the most significant reactions based on the analysis of common volume rocket-borne measurements of temperature, atomic oxygen densities, and neutral air densities. This is one of the first instances of the retrieval of nighttime chemical heat through the utilization of non-emissive observations of atomic oxygen concentrations, obtained through in situ measurements, performed at the Andøya Space Center (69°N, 16°E) at 01:44:00 UTC on 5 March 2015. Furthermore, we determine the heating efficiency for one of the most significant reactions of atomic hydrogen with ozone and illustrate the methodology for such calculations based on known atomic oxygen and temperature. Subsequently, using ozone values obtained from satellite observations, we retrieved odd-hydrogens and total chemical heat. Finally, we compared the retrieved chemical heat with the heat from turbulent energy dissipation. Our findings reveal that the vertically averaged chemical heat is greater than the heat from turbulent energy dissipation throughout the entire mesopause region during nocturnal conditions. The heating rates of turbulent energy dissipation may exceed the chemical heating rates only in narrow peaks, several hundred meters wide.
Graphical Abstract
Fates of nutrient elements and heavy metals during thermal conversion of cattle slurry-derived anaerobic digestates
Authors: Lane Daniel J. , Sippula Olli , Jokiniemi Jorma , Heimonen Mikko , Kinnunen Niko M. , Virkajärvi Perttu , Shurpali Narasinha 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThermal processes are emerging as promising solutions to recovering phosphorus and other nutrient elements from anaerobic digestates. The feasibility of nutrient element recovery depends largely on the fates of nutrient elements and heavy metals during thermal processing. This study assesses the partitioning of macronutrients (N, P, K, Na, Ca and Mg) and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, and Mn) between condensed and gaseous phases during thermal conversion of cattle slurry digestates in gas atmospheres of pyrolysis, combustion, and gasification processes. This study also assesses the chemical forms of macronutrients retained in combustion ashes. The partitioning of elements between condensed and gaseous phases was quantified by mass balances based on elemental analyses of char and ash residues. The char and ash residues were prepared in a fixed-bed, batch reactor at temperatures within the range 800–1000 °C. Powder X-ray diffraction was used to identify the chemical forms of macronutrient elements in combustion ashes. Volatilisation of P was low (< 20%) when the digestates were heated in inert and oxidising atmospheres, whereas a reducing atmosphere volatilized P to a major extent (~ 60% at 1000 °C). Oxidising atmospheres increased volatilisation of N but suppressed volatilisation of K, Na, and Zn. Volatilisation of the following elements was low (< 30%) in all investigated operating conditions: Ca, Mg, Mn, and Cu. The combustion ashes contained both high concentrations of P (around 7 w/w%) and acceptable concentrations of regulated heavy metals (Cu, and Zn) for application on agricultural and forest soils in Finland. Phosphorous was retained in the combustion ashes in the form of whitlockite. This form of P is expected to be available to plants when the ashes are added to soil.