bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnopharmacology of Acorus calamus L. among Indigenous Communities of Ganderbal District in Kashmir
Authors: Bhat G. M. , Bhat Rayees A. , Islam M. A. , Bakshi Megna Rashid , Pala N. A. , Majeed Huzaifa , Fatima Shahnaz 
Published: February 2021

The present study was undertaken to collect the information regarding ethnomedicinal practices of Acorus calamus and data were collected by using a well-designed interview schedule from local herbal heelers called “Hakeems, Bohris” experts in the Ayurvedic and Unani medicine, local collectors. The results indicated that the main ailment categories that are treated by Acorus calamus include skin diseases, renal/urinary disorders, muscular/skeletal disorders, respiratory diseases, eye diseases, fever and others. These diseases were treated traditionally by using its different parts after proper processing and at prescribed treatment procedure by the concerned Hakeem, bhoris, Ayurvedic and Unani doctors. The analysis also indicates that 65% of the rhizomes followed by 15% of leaves, 12% of root hairs, whole plant 8% are used for treatment of many diseases under ethno-medicines. Modes of utilization or preparations were powder, paste, decoction and juice. The treatments of diseases with A. calamus enumerated in this study have given some useful leads for further biomedical research. Nevertheless, more phytochemical, pharmaceutical and clinical studies are needed to evaluate protective properties, efficacy and safety of all the claimed medicinal treatments.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Two Self‐Administered Educational Strategies for Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lopez‐Olivo Maria A. , des Bordes Jude K. , Lin Heather , Volk Robert J. , Rizvi Tara , Suarez‐Almazor Maria E. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of self‐administered patient educational tools in improving knowledge and behaviors for the management of knee osteoarthritis.MethodsWe conducted a randomized clinical trial in patients with knee osteoarthritis to assess the efficacy of providing a video for entertainment education, in combination with two booklets, compared with providing the booklets alone. We evaluated changes in scores on a patient knowledge questionnaire, the Decisional Conflict Scale, the Arthritis Self‐Efficacy Scale, and the Effective Consumer Scale between baseline and same day, 3 months, and 6 months post intervention. We used linear regression models to explore associations between demographic characteristics and outcomes, testing for interactions.ResultsTwo hundred nineteen participants were randomly assigned to receive the video + booklets (n = 109) or the booklets alone (n = 110). The mean age of participants was 64.6 (±8.3) years. At 6 months, statistically significant improvements were observed in knowledge and decisional conflict scores for both groups, and statistically significant improvements in the behavior to participate in their health care were observed in the video + booklets group. The video + booklets group was more knowledgeable immediately post intervention than the booklet group (mean difference 0.39 [95% confidence interval 0.02‐0.76]). No other significant changes in outcomes were observed at 6 months between the two groups. The video + booklets combination was associated with decreased decisional conflict in Spanish speakers and increased self‐efficacy in those with less than a high school education.ConclusionAlthough both education strategies were associated with improved knowledge and reduced decisional conflict at 6 months, receiving the video + booklets in combination, compared with receiving the booklets alone, proved to be more effective in changing behaviors and appeared to have some advantages for Spanish speakers and those who were less educated.
Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis and Microscopic Polyangiitis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Benefits and Harms of Common Treatments
Authors: Springer Jason M. , Kalot Mohamad A. , Husainat Nedaa M. , Byram Kevin W. , Dua Anisha B. , James Karen E. , Chang Lin Yih , Turgunbaev Marat , Villa‐Forte Alexandra , Abril Andy , Langford Carol , Maz Mehrdad , Chung Sharon A. , Mustafa Reem A. 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this systemic review is to compare different treatments for patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) to inform evidence‐based recommendations for the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/Vasculitis Foundation (VF) Vasculitis Management Guidelines.MethodsA systemic review was conducted by searching articles in English using OVID Medline, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Articles were screened for suitability in addressing PICO questions, with studies presenting the highest level of evidence given preference.ResultsA total of 729 full‐text articles addressing GPA and MPA PICO questions were reviewed. For remission induction, rituximab was shown to be noninferior to cyclophosphamide (CYC) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.55, moderate certainty of evidence). The addition of plasma exchange to induction therapy in severe disease did not improve the composite end point of death or end stage renal disease (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.86 [95% confidence interval CI: 0.65, 1.13], moderate certainty of evidence). In nonsevere disease, methotrexate was noninferior to CYC for induction of remission (remission at 6 months of 90% vs. 94%). For maintenance of remission, methotrexate and azathioprine showed no difference in the risk of relapse over a mean follow‐up of 29 months (HR: 0.92, [95% CI: 0.52, 1.65]low certainty of evidence). As maintenance therapy, rituximab was superior to a tapering azathioprine strategy in major relapse‐free survival at 28 months (HR: 6.61, [95% CI: 1.56, 27.96], moderate certainty of evidence). In two randomized trials, longer‐term azathioprine maintenance therapy (>24 months) is associated with fewer relapses without an increase in adverse events.ConclusionThis comprehensive systematic review synthesizes and evaluates the benefits and toxicities of different treatment options for GPA and MPA.
Separator Design Variables and Recommended Characterization Methods for Viable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Jovanović Petar , Mirshekarloo Meysam Sharifzadeh , Hill Matthew R. , Hollenkamp Anthony F. , Majumder Mainak , Shaibani Mahdokht 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe lithium–sulfur (Li–S) battery is at the forefront of technologies that can outperform lithium‐ion in at least one index of performance, provided that solutions to poor cycle‐life can be devised. One key component of the Li–S battery is the separator, because it holds tremendous promise for improving cycle‐life by mitigating the well‐known polysulfide shuttle, enabling lean electrolyte configurations, and restricting solid electrolyte interphase growth at the Li‐metal anode. However, in response to the advent of the “functional separator” for Li–S batteries, severe misinterpretations of progress have been made due to the often incomplete presentation of the performance and characterization criteria for these new components. Accordingly, there is an urgent need to look critically at what has been achieved in Li–S separator research, with the aim of reconciling actual progress against claimed improvements. This review advocates the best practices for reporting the performance of Li–S separators and proposes guidelines on measurements with respect to key properties. It is believed that the adoption of these measurement practices, testing, and reporting styles will enable more accurate determination of separator performance and properties, which in turn can allow for more meaningful comparisons between various approaches, as well as facilitating the transition of laboratory concepts to practical designs.
Everolimus for severe arrhythmias in tuberous sclerosis complex related cardiac rhabdomyomas
Authors: Silva‐Sánchez María P. , Alvarado‐Socarras Jorge L. , Castro‐Monsalve Javier , Meneses Keyla Milena , Santiago Justo , Prada Carlos E. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntracardiac rhabdomyoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor in children. Most cases are associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Most of them are asymptomatic in the neonate and do not require treatment. However, some develop cardiovascular symptoms such as arrhythmias, heart failure, and ventricular inflow/outflow tract obstruction in the neonatal period with early death. Many of these tumors are not candidates for surgical resection and medical management is limited. Treatment with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor is currently approved for the management of central nervous tumors and angiomyolipoma in TSC. Two patients with malignant arrhythmias related to nonsurgical multiple rhabdomyomas associated with TSC who were successfully treated with an mTOR inhibitor were described. Everolimus therapy showed significant regression of rhabdomyomas with rapid improvement of arrhythmias and heart failure prior to tumor shrinkage.
Metal‐Free Reductive Aldol Reactions
Authors: Dutta Lona , Mondal Atanu , Ramasastry S. S. V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe reductive aldol reaction (RAR) is an important carbon‐carbon bond‐forming reaction. Several methods have been developed with the RAR as the key step to access complex molecular frameworks. An overview of the literature pertaining to the metal‐free reductive aldol chemistry is presented. The RARs facilitated by boranes, phosphine oxides, and phosphines is deliberated in a comprehensive manner. The scope, limitations, mechanistic insights and applications of these methods are also discussed.
Group 11 Borataalkene Complexes: Models for Alkene Activation
Authors: Phillips Nicholas A. , Kong Richard Y. , White Andrew J. P. , Crimmin Mark R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA series of linear late transition metal (M=Cu, Ag, Au and Zn) complexes featuring a side‐on [B=C]− containing ligand have been isolated and characterised. The [B=C]− moiety is isoelectronic with the C=C system of an alkene. Comparison across the series shows that in the solid‐state, deviation between the η2 and η1 coordination mode occurs. A related zinc complex containing two [B=C]− ligands was prepared as a further point of comparison for the η1 coordination mode. The bonding in these new complexes has been interrogated by computational techniques (QTAIM, NBO, ETS‐NOCV) and rationalised in terms of the Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson model. The combined structural and computational data provide unique insight into catalytically relevant linear d10 complexes of Cu, Ag and Au. Slippage is proposed to play a key role in catalytic reactions of alkenes through disruption and polarisation of the π‐system. Through the preparation and analysis of a consistent series of group 11 complexes, we show that variation of the metal can impact the coordination mode and hence substrate activation.
Programming Gels Over a Wide pH Range Using Multicomponent Systems
Authors: Panja Santanu , Dietrich Bart , Shebanova Olga , Smith Andrew J. , Adams Dave J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMulticomponent hydrogels offer a tremendous opportunity for preparing useful and exciting materials that cannot be accessed using a single component. Here, we describe an unusual multi‐component low‐molecular weight gelling system that exhibits pH‐responsive behavior involving cooperative hydrogen bonding between the components, allowing it to maintain a gel phase across a wide pH range. Unlike traditional acid‐triggered gels, our system undergoes a change in the underlying molecular packing and maintains the β‐sheet structure both at acidic and basic pH. We further establish that autonomous programming between these two gel states is possible by an enzymatic reaction which allows us to prepare gels with improved mechanical properties.
A preparation method of porous surface nitrile butadiene rubber with low friction coefficient under water lubrication condition by salt leaching
Authors: Jin Da , Xiao Ke , Han Yanfeng , Xiang Guo , Zhou Zhen , Wang Jiaxu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNitrile butadiene rubber is widely used in water‐lubricated bearings due to its excellent performance. Generally, the friction coefficient of water‐lubricated rubber bearings typically between 0.05 and 0.18. In this study, a new method for preparing nitrile butadiene rubber with micro‐holes surface is developed by porous leaching with salt as pore forming agent. The possibility of using porous surface to minimize friction and wear of rubber materials is researched. The influence of structural parameters, including the hole density and size (which are determined by salt mass fraction of rubber compounds and salt grain‐sized, respectively) on tribology performances are also evaluated. In a ring‐on‐block test, the optimal parameters of modified rubber achieved a low friction coefficient of 0.008, which reduced by 42% compared with untreated one (0.019) under the same operating condition. It can be expected that the developed method is beneficial to reduce the friction coefficient of rubber‐steel friction pair under water lubricated condition.
Effect of environmental variables on the number of births at California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) rookeries throughout the Gulf of California, Mexico
Authors: Pelayo‐González Lili , Hernández‐Camacho Claudia J. , Aurioles‐Gamboa David , Gallo‐Reynoso Juan P. , Barba‐Acuña Isai D. , Godínez‐Reyes Carlos , Ramírez‐Delgado David , Ávalos‐Téllez Rosalía , Rubio‐Rodríguez Uriel , Villalobos Héctor 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

The 13 California sea lion breeding colonies in the Gulf of California (GoC), Mexico are each characterized by different population growth trends, including a variable number of births. Despite being located in a highly productive marine area, both the species’ population and the number of births have declined significantly over the past few decades.
The goal of this study was to assess the effects of certain environmental variables on the number of births at colonies in three regions (northern, central and southern) of the GoC (1995–2018). Data on diet, small pelagic fish catches by fisheries, the density of small pelagic fish schools, remotely sampled values of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll‐a concentration and El Niño Southern Oscillation events were collected in order to evaluate whether these variables had an effect on the number of births using correlations and generalized linear models.
No significant relationships were found between the environmental variables and the number of births. However, the number of births decreased when the sea surface temperature anomalies exceeded 1°C in the northern and central regions of the GoC. Although no significant relationships were found between the small pelagic fish catches and the number of births, positive trends were observed between sardine catches and the number of births during certain periods in the central region. A positive correlation between the density of small pelagic fish schools and the number of births suggests a possible relationship between prey availability and reproductive success in the central region.
A Programme of Action for the Conservation of the Species should be promoted by the Federal Government and carried out in order to implement specific management actions. Specifically, surveillance efforts should increase, fishing gear conversion plans should be established and sea lion exclusion devices should be introduced, among other measures.
An autophagic gene‐based signature to predict the survival of patients with low‐grade gliomas
Authors: Chen Jian , Li Yuntian , Han Xinghua , Pan Yueyin , Qian Xiaojun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundSince autophagy remains an important topic of investigation, the RNA‐sequence profiles of autophagy‐related genes (ARGs) can provide insights into predicting low‐grade gliomas (LGG) prognosis.MethodsThe RNA‐seq profiles of autophagic genes and prognosis data of LGG were integrated from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). Univariate Cox analysis and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model were carried out to identify the differentially expressed prognostic autophagy‐related genes. Then, the autophagic‐gene signature was formed and verified in TCGA test set and external CGGA cohorts. Time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was examined to test the accuracy of this signature feature. A nomogram was conducted to meet the needs of clinicians. Sankey diagrams were performed to visualize the relationship between the multigene signatures and clinic‐pathological features.ResultsTwenty‐four ARGs were finally identified most relevant to LGG prognosis. According to the specific prediction index formula, the patients were classified into low‐risk or high‐risk groups. Prognostic accuracy was proved by time‐dependent ROC analysis, with AUC 0.9, 0.93, and 0.876 at the survival time of 2‐, 3‐, and 5‐year, respectively, which was superior to the AUC of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation. The result was confirmed while validated in the TCGA test set and external validation CGGA cohort. A nomogram was constructed to meet individual needs. With a visualization approach, Sankey diagrams show the relationship of the histological type, IDH status, and predict index. In TCGA and CGGA cohorts, both low‐risk groups displayed better survival rate in LGG while histological type and IDH status did not show consistency results.Conclusions24‐ARGs may play crucial roles in the progression of LGG, and LGG patients were effectively divided into low‐risk and high‐risk groups according to prognostic prediction. Overall, our study will provide novel strategies for clinical applications.
Essential Oil of Deverra tortuosa Aerial Parts: Detailed Chemical Profile, Allelopathic, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Fayed Eman M. , Abd‐EIGawad Ahmed M. , Elshamy Abdelsamed I. , El‐Halawany El‐Sayed F. , EI‐Amier Yasser A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractEssential oils (EOs) are a promising group of natural products of the aromatic plants due to their various biological effects such as allelopathic, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities. The present study aimed to construct the detailed chemical profile of the EO derived from Deverra tortuosa aerial parts along with assessing its allelopathic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant potentialities. The EO was extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed via gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The allelopathic activity of the EO was assessed against the germination and seedling growth of the weed Chenopodium murale. Also, the EO was tested against five microbes. The antioxidant activity was determined using the free radical 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS). The GC/MS analysis of EO revealed the presence of 86 compounds with a preponderance of oxygenated sesquiterpenes and monoterpene hydrocarbons. Widdrol, β‐phellandrene, piperitol, cubedol, α‐terpinene, (E)‐10‐heptadecen‐8‐ynoic acid methyl ester, citronellyl tiglate, and m‐cymene were the major compounds. A comparative profile was established between the EOs constituents of our study with the documented EOs of D. tortuosa and the other Deverra species around the world via agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) and principal components analysis (PCA). The EO showed a substantial allelopathic activity against C. murale, as well as it showed considerable antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Thereby, the EO of D. tortuosa could be considered as a promising environmental‐friendly bioherbicide against weeds. Also, it could be integrated into food preservation due to its potent antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. However, further study is recommended for more characterization of the major compounds and evaluation of their activities, either singular or synergistic, and assess their efficiency and biosafety.
A case of primary racemose hemangioma in which the disappearance of an endobronchial lesion was confirmed after bronchial artery embolization
Authors: Kawabe Kazumi , Sasaki Seigo , Azuma Yuichiro , Ono Hideya , Suruda Tadatoshi , Minakata Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe confirmation of the improvement of endobronchial lesions in addition to that of vascular lesions after bronchial artery embolization of primary racemose hemangioma could be important.
Estimating polystyrene equation of state (EOS) parameters using the cloud and critical points of polystyrene + hydrocarbon mixtures*
Authors: Krenz Ryan A. , Laursen Torben 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThree polystyrene parameters for the modified Sanchez‐Lacombe equation of state were estimated by performing a correlation of the cloud and critical point data for six well defined polystyrene + hydrocarbon mixtures. The volume shift, a fourth parameter, was adjusted to the polystyrene pressure‐volume‐temperature (PVT) data. A parameterization of the modified Sanchez‐Lacombe equation of state is used to estimate the hydrocarbon parameters given their critical temperature, critical pressure, and acentric factor, but these properties are not available for the polymer. The original polystyrene parameters estimated solely on the pure component PVT data results have difficulty representing the slope and curvature of the cloud points of binary polystyrene + hydrocarbon mixtures. A previous technique for adjusting one of the polystyrene parameters to match the cloud points with the remainder fit to the PVT data results in an improved match over the pure component PVT data alone. Adjusting three polystyrene parameters can better match the cloud points of a binary polystyrene + hydrocarbon mixture, while only increasing the absolute average deviation in pure polystyrene density by 0.07%. The polystyrene parameters obtained by fitting the cloud points were used to correlate the bubble points of polystyrene in other solvents.
Fast and accurate nonlinear hyper‐elastic deformation with a posteriori numerical verification of the convergence of solution: Application to the simulation of liver deformation
Authors: Saidi Farah , Malti Abed 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a new method to reduce the computational complexity of calculating the tangential stiffness matrix in a nonlinear finite element formulation. Our approach consists in partially updating the tangential stiffness matrix during a classic Newton–Raphson iterative process. The complexity of such an update process has the order of the number of mesh vertices to the power of two. With our approach, this complexity is reduced to the power of two of only the number of updated vertices. We numerically study the convergence of the solution with our modified algorithm. We describe the deformation through a strain energy density function which is defined with respect to the Lagrangian strain. We derive the conditions of convergence for a given tangential stiffness matrix and a given set of updated vertices. We use nonlinear geometric deformation and the nonlinear Mooney‐Rivilin model with both tetrahedron and hexahedron element meshing. We provide extensive results using a cube with small and large number of elements. We provide results on nonlinearly deformed liver with multiple deformation ranges of updated vertices. We compare the proposed method to state‐of‐the‐art work and we prove its efficiency at three levels: accuracy, speed of convergence and small radius of convergence.