bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Theta Rhythm‐Based Attention Switch Training Effectively Modified Negative Attentional Bias
Authors: Li Guo , Cai Xueli , Wang Yifeng 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAttentional bias modification training (ABMT) is commonly employed to regulate negative attentional bias (NAB) and, in turn, to prevent or alleviate depressive symptoms. Recent advancements in attention switch theory have facilitated the development of a novel training paradigm that may enhance the efficacy of such interventions.MethodsA total of fifty‐seven college students were assigned to two groups: one exhibiting NAB and the other without. Both groups underwent training with a novel paradigm integrating theta rhythm with the traditional dot‐probe task (DPT). The DPT was also administered as a pre‐ and post‐test measure.ResultsFor individuals with NAB, rhythmic DPT effectively alleviates their NAB. Additionally, within the training procedure's DPT, flashing negative stimuli elicits faster responses when the probe appears at the positive stimulus' location. Baseline attention scores can negatively predict changes in subsequent corresponding attentional performance.ConclusionsThis study presents a novel training paradigm—the theta rhythm‐based DPT—that effectively modifies NAB. The mechanism underlying this intervention may be driven by positive salient stimuli at the critical trough, facilitating the switch of attention from negative to positive stimuli.
A Business Model for Communication Design Enterprises
Authors: Kennedy Con 
Published: December 2024

Several international reports and studies indicate that the Communication Design sector has a skill deficit in entrepreneurship and business management, and a greater understanding of these topics is needed. Some authors advocate applying existing business models for design enterprises. However, the skill deficit prevails. It is worth noting that these reports discuss the entrepreneurship deficit in general terms without an explanation of the causes of this deficit or how to remedy the issue. Therefore, this paper explores the development of a Business Model specific for Design Entrepreneurs for deployment in Communication Design enterprises.A theoretical framework for a specific business model for design entrepreneurs for application in their enterprises was developed by assessing the literature in the field, in which a previously unidentified connection between the themes of design and the entrepreneurship process was identified. This review evaluated themes for their applicability in a business model for design enterprises. This hypothesis was tested and evaluated through this study's primary phenomenological research, conducted through semi‐structured interviews with prominent and successful design entrepreneurs. Thematic analysis methods guided the research findings. The data analysis identified various themes that emerged from interviews. These themes helped further develop the theoretical framework and iterate a proposed entrepreneurship model applicable to design entrepreneurs. This proposed entrepreneurship model better explains the entrepreneurship process from the point of view of designers, meaning that the model is relevant and valuable to the sector.This paper contributes to the academic knowledge of entrepreneurship by developing a framework for a business model, specifically for design entrepreneurs in the Communication Design sector. In addition, it proposes a thematic relationship between entrepreneurship and design processes, a connection that has not been explored in the literature before. This novel perspective enriches the academic discourse on entrepreneurship and design, offering new avenues for research and understanding.
Design Creativity in the Belly of the Beast
Authors: Smulders Frido 
Published: December 2024

C‐K theory is about design creativity & innovation. Operational theory is about optimization and efficiency. C‐K theory is about the search for the new in the unknown. Operational theory is about squeezing out inefficiency in the known. C‐K theory works best under low pressure whereas operational theory works best under high pressure. C‐K theory provides a framework for an exploration of a metaphorically unknown jungle whereas operational theory provides the procedures for traveling by public transport.This paper addresses the challenging situation of applying design creativity within tightly organized operational processes. Processes are tightly woven organizational routines which resemble the parasympathetic system of our digestion that proceeds autonomously. How can we break in and make room for design creativity?From a situational perspective on C‐K theory, we then look at the theory of organizational routines. What are they and how are they created? These thoughts form the prelude to an exploration of the possible inclusion forces of routines, the forces that keep people within the behavior of the routines. Along the lines of a Deweyan inquiry, we look for integration of these elements to ultimately arrive at a proposal for resolution. Not easy, but fundamental.
Investigating the common genetic architecture and causality of metabolic disorders with neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Hong Hao , Fu Qi , Gu Pan , Zhao Jingyi , Dai Jinglan , Xu Kuanfeng , Yang Tao , Dai Hao , Shen Sipeng 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe co‐occurrence of metabolic dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases suggests a genetic link, yet the shared genetic architecture and causality remain unclear. We aimed to comprehensively characterise these genetic relationships.MethodsWe investigated genetic correlations among four neurodegenerative diseases and seven metabolic dysfunctions, followed by bidirectional Mendelian randomisation (MR) to assess potential causal relationships. Pleiotropy analysis (PLACO) was used to detect the pleiotropic effects of genetic variants. Significant pleiotropic loci were refined and annotated using functional mapping and annotation (FUMA) and Bayesian colocalisation analysis. We further explored mapped genes with tissue‐specific expression and gene set enrichment analyses.ResultsWe identified significant genetic correlations in nine out of 28 trait pairs. MR suggested causal relationships between specific trait pairs. Pleiotropy analysis revealed 25 931 significant single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, with 246 pleiotropic loci identified via FUMA and 55 causal loci through Bayesian colocalisation. These loci are involved in neurotransmitter transport and immune response mechanisms, notably the missense variant rs41286192 in SLC18B1. The tissue‐specific analysis highlighted the pancreas, left ventricle, amygdala, and liver as critical organs in disease progression. Drug target analysis linked 74 unique genes to existing therapeutic agents, while gene set enrichment identified 189 pathways related to lipid metabolism, cell differentiation and immune responses.ConclusionOur findings reveal a shared genetic basis, pleiotropic loci, and potential causal relationships between metabolic dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases. These insights highlight the biological connections underlying their phenotypic association and offer implications for future research to reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
Type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease as long‐term predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Schnetzer Laura , Leiherer Andreas , Festa Andreas , Mündlein Axel , Plattner Thomas , Mayer Gert , Saely Christoph , Drexel Heinz 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundBoth chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) confer a high risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. These entities frequently coincide. The separate and joint impact of CKD and T2DM on the risk of major cardiovascular events (MACE) and survival is unclear.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease were investigated according to their CKD and T2DM status (T2DM−/CKD−, T2DM+/CKD−, T2DM−/CKD+, T2DM+/CKD+) and followed for up to 18 years.ResultsA total of 1441 patients were included in the study of whom 39% experienced MACE (T2DM−/CKD−: 31%, T2DM+/CKD−: 43%, T2DM−/CKD+: 53%, T2DM+/CKD+: 61%) and 53% died. A log‐rank test revealed significant differences between the event‐free time period of the four groups (χ2 (3) = 112.57, p < 0.001). The presence of T2DM and CKD was associated with a 2.72‐fold increase [1.98–3.73] in MACE compared to patients who suffered from neither condition (p < 0.001). T2DM alone led to a 1.37‐fold increase [1.1–1.7], (p = 0.004), CKD alone to a 1.71‐fold increase [1.31–2.25], (p < 0.001).ConclusionT2DM and CKD in patients with coronary artery disease are mutually independent predictors of cardiovascular events. Patients with both CKD and T2DM are at an extremely high risk for cardiovascular events.
Patterns of parental conflict after separation: Links with the Dark Triad
Authors: Reim Julia , Amberg Stefanie , Zimmermann Janin , Lux Ulrike , Walper Sabine 
Published: December 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to uncover patterns of parental postseparation conflict and to investigate possible links to the personality factors of the Dark Triad (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy).BackgroundStudies revealed different postseparation coparenting patterns that explain why some parents face long‐lasting conflicts after separation. However, the role of legal disputes and links to parental personality traits have mostly been neglected so far.MethodThe analyses included 486 separated parents from the German Family Panel “pairfam” in year 2020–2021. We aimed to identify postseparation patterns of conflict, including coparenting and legal conflict, by using latent profile analysis. Possible links between latent profiles and the Dark Triad were assessed.ResultsThree postseparation conflict profiles were found: a cooperative, a parallel‐derogating, and a conflictual profile. Links between these profiles and the Dark Triad could be found for narcissism, with membership to the conflictual profile being more likely with higher narcissism values.ConclusionThe findings show that a significant proportion of separated families is affected by postseparation conflict and that parents' personality plays a role here.ImplicationsThe results indicate that interventions targeting families affected by postseparation conflict should take parental personality traits into account.
Global Meta‐Analysis of Individual and Combined Nitrogen Inhibitors: Enhancing Plant Productivity and Reducing Environmental Losses
Authors: Wang Wenyu , Li Yaqun , Wang Wei , Ding Keren , Zhang Kun , Zhang Yulan , Liu Kai , Li Jingyuan , Li Dongwei , Lian Ruiyuan , Li Daijia , Gu Jian , Li Jie 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTNitrogen (N) transformation inhibitors have been widely recognized as a promising strategy to enhance crop productivity and mitigate N losses. However, the effectiveness of individual or combined inhibitors can vary significantly across different agroecosystems. Using meta‐analysis and cost–benefit analysis (CBA), we synthesized findings from 41 peer‐reviewed studies (285 observations) globally to evaluate the efficacy of urease inhibitors (UIs), nitrification inhibitors (NIs), and combined inhibitors (UINIs). We assessed their influence on soil inorganic N transformations, greenhouse gas emissions, and crop productivity across diverse climates, soil types, cropping systems, and fertilization practices. Our results indicated that combined UINIs were the most efficient, increasing crop yields by 5% and mitigating gaseous emissions by 51% compared to UIs or NIs alone. UINIs achieved these benefits by enhancing crop ammonium (NH4+) availability through regulating urea hydrolysis and prolonging NH4+ retention by suppressing nitrification in the soil. The CBA revealed that the overall economic benefits of UINIs application outweighed the costs, resulting in a net monetary benefit of $23.36 ha−1, equivalent to a 6.4% increase in revenue. Both meta‐regression and random forest analyses suggested that UINIs performance was strongly influenced by factors such as N application rate, organic matter content, and soil pH. Notably, more substantial responses were observed in fine‐textured soils and/or crops exposed to high N fertilization rates. Acidic soils (pH < 6.5) exhibited the largest effect sizes, with increased crop productivity and reduced NH3 volatilization due to specific inhibitory interactions. In conclusion, these findings highlight UINIs beneficial impacts on crop productivity and environmental conservation, achieving a “win‐win” scenario by addressing various N‐loss challenges while enhancing economic outcomes. Further exploration and optimization of the interaction between climate, soil, plant, and management systems and the use of appropriate inhibitors are crucial for maximizing their positive impact on global climate and reaping corresponding economic benefits.
Exploring Mindset Profiles and Their Associations With Enjoyment, Ideal Self, Grit, and Achievement Among Chinese Adolescent Language Learners: A Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Eerdemutu Liu , Sachurina Bai , Wang Junju 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTMindset plays a crucial role in the learning process and outcomes. However, its impact on language learning remains underexplored. This study, grounded in the mindset theory, investigates the mindset profiles of language learners and their effects on language learning, with a focus on emotions (enjoyment), motivation (ideal self), personality traits (i.e., grit), and achievement. Data were collected via a composite questionnaire from 660 Chinese high school English as foreign language learners. Latent profile analysis identified three language mindset profiles: growth, mixed, and fixed. The majority of students were categorized under the mixed mindset profile. Students in the growth mindset profile showed the highest levels of enjoyment and ideal self, followed by those in the mixed and fixed mindset profiles. Additionally, those in the growth mindset profile demonstrated higher grit (perseverance of effort and consistency of interest) and achievement (self‐perceived and actual) compared to the mixed and fixed profiles, with no significant differences between the latter two groups. These findings highlight the importance of fostering a growth mindset in language learners and provide pedagogical implications for enhancing language learning and outcomes.
The Relationship Between University Students' Use of Social Networks and Their Political Knowledge and Activity
Authors: Li Jian , Wang Zhaojie , Zhao Shubin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn today's high‐tech society, the relationship between social networks and the formation of political orientation and socio‐political activity within the student environment has become a key subject of research.ObjectivesThe aim of this article is to investigate the correlations between the influence of various social media platforms, the level of political orientation and the degree of socio‐political engagement among university students.MethodsA cross‐sectional design was employed to understand the influence of social networks on political orientation and socio‐political activity and socio‐political activity. Political orientation and socio‐political activity tests were applied to provide objective data for further analysis. The research findings indicate an equally positive correlation between Facebook and Instagram with students' levels of political orientation and socio‐political activity, whereas a weaker correlation was observed with TikTok.Results and ConclusionsProspects for future research may include a more profound analysis of the relationships between types of content and political orientation and socio‐political activity, as well as the study of the dynamics of changes in the influence of social networks at different stages of education and personality development.
Association between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and type1/type2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Huiling , Chen Zhang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by a complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway, along with hypoxemia, microarousals, and sleep fragmentation. Compelling evidence has clarified a bidirectional correlation between OSA and diabetes mellitus (DM). This paper was to assess the link between OSA and DM via meta‐analysis, consisting of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and MethodsFour databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and CNKI) were screened from inception to March 2024 for observational studies of OSA and DM, including case–control studies and cohort studies. Bidirectional associations between OSA and DM were analyzed, consisting of T1DM and T2DM. Random‐effect models were employed to determine the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to compare prevalence. Traditional subgroup analyses were implemented. Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 16.0 were utilized for data analyses.ResultsThirty‐five studies were enrolled, including 12 prospective cohort studies, 4 retrospective cohort studies, and 19 case–control studies. DM prevalence was notably higher in OSA patients than in non‐OSA patients (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.93–2.72), and OSA prevalence was notably higher in DM patients than in non‐DM patients (OR: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.73–2.60). Subgroup analysis uncovered that DM prevalence in the OSA population was more significant in the group <50 years (OR: 3.28, 95% CI: 2.20–4.89) and slightly decreased in the group >50 years (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.38–2.40).ConclusionsThe meta‐analysis reveals a bidirectional link between OSA and DM.
Long‐Term Performance and Safety of a Superficial HA Filler With Tri‐Hyal Technology on Different Facial Zones: Forehead, Cheeks, Crow's Feet, and Upper Lips
Authors: Cartier Hugues , Deutsch Jean‐Jacques , Braccini Frederic , Garcia Philippe , Ehlinger Agnès , David Michel , Loreto Frederic , Benadiba Laurent , Grand‐Vincent Anne , Mathey Elena Rumyantseva , Nadra Karim , Fanian Ferial 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe function of injectable hyaluronic acid‐based fillers is to smooth dermal wrinkles formed during aging. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance and safety of a dermal filler after its commercialization.MethodsIn this context, an 18‐month prospective randomized single‐blind study for the efficacy and safety of ART FILLER Fine Lines (AFFL) was performed on the forehead, the upper lip, the cheek folds, and the crow's feet. The efficacy, the longevity, and the safety were evaluated after a single filler injection without any re‐touch injection. The persistence of the correction was evaluated at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 months.ResultsThe observations performed on 196 subjects enrolled showed that AFFL injections induced a significant improvement in wrinkle correction for all the assessed areas. These effects were significant as soon as 3 weeks after injection and remained significant until 18 months. Furthermore, injections of AFFL were well tolerated and no severe event was recorded. The minor reported reactions were resolved within 3 weeks.ConclusionAFFL with Tri‐Hyal technology is suitable and well tolerated for the treatment of superficial wrinkles without any irregularity or Tyndall effect and showed a prolonged efficacy for at least 18 months.
The use of a percutaneous cystostomy tube as an adjunctive treatment option for dogs with idiopathic functional outflow tract obstruction
Authors: Greenfield Zoe P. , Berent Allyson C. , Weisse Chick W. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundFunctional outflow tract obstruction (FOO) remains a challenging disease to manage in male dogs. Cystostomy tubes have been used to relieve urethral obstruction while allowing time to achieve effective medical management, avoiding the need for emergency visits and repeat urinary catheterizations.ObjectivesTo describe a series of dogs with FOO and categorize the most successful management strategies including medical management alone or with the support of cystostomy tubes for urinary diversion.AnimalsTwelve client‐owned dogs with FOO were included.MethodsMedical records of dogs presented from August 2012 to September 2021 with a presumptive diagnosis of FOO were retrospectively reviewed and findings recorded.ResultsSeven dogs were managed with a cystostomy tube and 5/7 (71%) had a good‐excellent outcome. Five dogs were managed without a tube and 1/5 (20%) had a good outcome. Eight dogs were refractory to medical management; 5 managed with a cystostomy tube and 3/5 (60%) had a good‐excellent outcome; 3 managed without a cystostomy tube and 0/3 had a good or excellent outcome. Overall, dogs with cystostomy tubes had better outcomes but also had mild, moderate, and severe complications (100%, 71%, and 71%, respectively) reported.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceMost dogs that received a percutaneous cystostomy tube as part of their management plan had a good to excellent outcome, particularly when compared to those that did not, despite the high rate of tube‐related complications. Percutaneous cystostomy tubes could be considered early during management for FOO to improve overall outcomes.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Clival Screw Fixation for Occipitocervical Instablity: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Lin Weipeng , Zheng Jianying , Zhang Meichao , Xu Panjie , Xiao Hang , Ji Wei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe clivus is trapezoidal in shape with uneven bone structure, the optimal number and position of screws for clival fixation are not clear. Therefore, this study aims to explore the optimization clival screw fixation method for occipitocervical instability using finite element analysis.MethodsSeven finite element models were developed to evaluate biomechanical properties of clival screw fixation for treating occipitocervical stability, including (i) one clival screw fixation A1 and A2 models; (ii) two clival screws fixation B1 and B2 models; (iii) three clival screws fixation C1 and C2 models; (iv) four clival screws fixation D1 model. Loads of 1.5 Nm were applied to the model fRoM different directions to induce flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation movements.ResultsThe regular triangle C1 type three clival screws fixation exhibited great stability, with RoM of 4.20° in flexion, 5.80° in extension, 0.85° in lateral bending, and 1.60° in axial rotation. The peak stress on the internal fixation devices were relatively low, with maximum screw stress of 194 MPa in flexion, 276 MPa in extension, 180 MPa in lateral bending, and 213 MPa in axial rotation; the maximum plate stress were 126, 554, 426, and 378 MPa, respectively. The areas with higher stress were mainly concentrated at the robust neck section of the plate.ConclusionThe triangular configuration of three clival screws fixation represented the optimized anterior occipitocervical fixation method through the clivus, offering superior biomechanical stability, lower stress on the devices and dispersed stress distribution in the occipitocervical region.