bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematically Controlling Acceptor Fluorination Optimizes Hierarchical Morphology, Vertical Phase Separation, and Efficiency in Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaohua , Li Guoping , Mukherjee Subhrangsu , Huang Wei , Zheng Ding , Feng Liang‐Wen , Chen Yao , Wu Jianglin , Sangwan Vinod K. , Hersam Mark C. , DeLongchamp Dean M. , Yu Junsheng , Facchetti Antonio , Marks Tobin J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNon‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) end group (EG) functionalization, especially by fluorination, affects not only the energetics but also the morphology of bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cell (OSC) active layers, thereby influencing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and other metrics of NFA‐based OSCs. However, a quantitative understanding of how varying the degrees of NFA fluorination influence the blend morphological and photovoltaic properties remains elusive. Here a series of three A‐DAD‐A type NFAs (D = π‐donor group and A = π‐acceptor EG) which systematically increase the degree of EG fluorination and comprehensively investigate the resulting blends with the polymer donor PM6 in terms of optical properties, electronic structure, film crystallinity, charge carrier transport, and OSC performance is reported. The results indicate that the most highly fluorinated NFA, BT‐BO‐L4F, achieves an optimal BHJ hierarchical morphology where enhanced NFA molecule intermolecular π–π stacking and optimal vertical phase gradation are achieved in the BHJ blend. These factors also promote optimum NFA‐cathode contact, more balanced electron and hole mobility, and suppress both monomolecular and bimolecular recombination. As a result, both the short‐circuit current density and fill factor in this OSC series progressively increase with increasing EG fluorine density, and the resulting PCEs increase from 9 to 16.8%.
Correlation and regression models of tomato yield in response to plant growth by different bacterial inoculants and inoculation methods
Authors: Sanam Tulja , S Triveni , Nerella Sridhar Goud , Ningoji Santosh Nagappa , Desai Suseelendra 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe focus of this research is to evaluate the performance of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, and Azospirillum for their plant growth abilities in vitro and in vivo. The best performing bacterial isolates from preliminary screening (in vitro) were able to produce indole acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA3) of 0.25–22.63 and 5.9–31.8 μg ml–1, respectively, eight best isolates were further tested for their efficacy in promoting crop growth and yield of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) by different application methods namely seed coating, soil application, and seedling root dip method. The factorial data analysis provided evidence that the interaction of bacterial isolates and different inoculation procedures together generated better yield in the greenhouse pot experiment. The findings suggest that the inoculation of Azospirillum strain ASP25 by seedling root dip method produced greater yields. Correlation and regression models hypothesize that all the variables are positively correlated with yield at P < .01 and growth variables like number of fruits per plant (r2 = .886), shoot length (r2 = .695), and root volume (r2 = .554) at P ≤ .0001 contribute to the yield parameter individually and by multiple regression model all the plant growth variables together increased fruit yield per plant by 89% (r2 = .899). These results demonstrate that a high yield is always linked to a healthy vegetative development. However, as technology in agriculture progresses, the proposed method points to the usage and development of computer applications to estimate crop output.
Statistical linkage between coastal El Niño–Southern Oscillation and tropical cyclone formation over the western North Pacific
Authors: Song Jinjie , Klotzbach Philip J. , Duan Yihong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study investigates the modulation of tropical cyclone (TC) formation over the western North Pacific (WNP) by coastal El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). There is a significant inverse relationship between WNP TC frequency during July–October from 1961 to 2019 and simultaneous Niño 1+2 sea surface temperature anomalies. TC formation is significantly suppressed and enhanced over the subtropical and equatorial WNP during coastal El Niño, respectively, while TC formation exhibits opposite‐signed anomalies during La Niña. This north–south dipolar pattern during coastal ENSO is distinct from the pattern observed in basin‐wide ENSO events. Additional analyses show that coastal ENSO influences WNP TC formation through modulation of the large‐scale environment. Changes in mid‐level moisture and low‐level vorticity appear to be the primary large‐scale influences on TC formation during both coastal ENSO phases. These changes can be further linked to the anomalous large‐scale circulation over the WNP during coastal ENSO.
Terpenoid composition and antioxidant activity of extracts from four chemotypes of Cinnamomum camphora and their main antioxidant agents
Authors: Luo Qingyun , Tian Zhengfeng , Zheng Tiefeng , Xu Sun , Ma Yuandan , Zou Shuzhen , Zuo Zhaojiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl can produce an abundance of terpenoids, and has four main chemotypes: linalool, eucalyptol, camphor, and borneol. Antioxidant activity and the chemical composition of extracts from the four chemotypes were investigated during spring (May), summer (July), and autumn (November) with the aim of developing natural antioxidants using suitable chemotypes of C. camphora in suitable seasons, together with their main terpenoids. The main antioxidant terpenoids were identified. The four chemotype extracts showed strong scavenging activity against 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radicals as well as O2–· and ·OH in July, due to the fact that their terpenoid content was at its highest during this month. Among the four chemotypes, the strongest scavenging activity was mainly detected in the linalool chemotype extracts, which had the highest terpenoid content. Among the ten main terpenoids in C. camphora extracts, ocimene, linalool, β‐pinene, longifolene and eucalyptol showed stronger scavenging activity against DPPH free radicals, and ocimene exhibited the strongest scavenging activity. Extracts from the four chemotypes of C. camphora and their main terpenoids have the potential for development as natural antioxidants, with summer as the best season, linalool chemotypes as the optimum choice, and ocimene as the optimum compound. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
LC–MS/MS method for determination of kansuinine a in rat plasma and its application to a rat pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Jiang Xianglan , Liu Qingwang , Xue Shiyang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKansuinine A is a macrocyclic jatrophane diterpene isolated from the plant Euphorbia kansui Liou. It exhibits many pharmacological activities including cytoxic, antitumor, antiallergic and proinflammatory effects. In the present study, a simple and sensitive LC–MS/MS method was established and validated for the determination of kansuinine A in rat plasma. After methanol‐mediated protein precipitation, chromatographic separation was achieved on an Acquity BEH C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) using acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in water as mobile phase by gradient elution. Kansuinine A and IS were quantified in negative multiple reaction monitoring mode with ion transitions at m/z 731.1–693.2 for kansuinine A and m/z 723.2–623.1 for IS. The method showed excellent linearity over the range 1–500 ng/ml. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (relative standard deviation) were 2.13–4.28 and 3.83–7.67%, respectively, whereas accuracy (relative error) ranged from −4.17 to 3.73%. The extraction recovery, stability and matrix effect met the requirement of the regulations issued by the US Food and Drug Administration. The validated method was successfully applied to the pre‐clinical pharmacokinetic study of kansuinine A in rats after oral administration (20 mg/kg) and intravenous administration (2 mg/kg). This study provides valuable reference for the further study of E. kansui liou, especially for the drug development and clinical application of kansuinine A.
Outcome presence and regulatory fit: Competing explanations for the advantage of gains and losses over non‐gains and non‐losses
Authors: Praxmarer‐Carus Sandra , Wolkenstoerfer Stefan , Dijkstra Arie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis research studies goal framing, which focuses on the communication of either the potential benefits associated with performing an action or the potential negative consequences of not doing so. Several studies report that messages presenting gains and losses are more persuasive than those presenting non‐gains and non‐losses. The literature has mostly explained this advantage with regulatory fit. This article notes that two theories can explain the advantage, namely, regulatory fit and feature positivity (outcome presence). However, the former explanation has received significantly more attention in the framing literature than the latter. We also explain that it is difficult to distinguish the two effects empirically because regulatory fit within the message and outcome presence coincide. Consequently, demonstrating an advantage of gains and losses over non‐gains and non‐losses, which many studies have, is not sufficient to support any of the effects. Previous studies have neither discussed the competing explanations nor tried to distinguish them. This article explains that the two theories make different predictions with regard to a moderator and the critical mediators. We use the different predictions to obtain more insights into the relevance of the competing explanations. This article conducts two experiments and studies the moderating effect of premessage regulatory focus and the mediating effects of processing fluency and outcome imagination. We conclude that the framing literature should devote more attention to outcome presence.
Heart on the left, diaphragm on the right: A case of congenital diaphragmatic eventration
Authors: Naz Sidra , Jaiswal Vikash , Joshi Amey , Jarullah Furqan Ahmad , Jain Esha , Neupane Asmita 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCongenital Diaphragmatic Eventration (DE) requires a prompt diagnosis to avert the potentially life‐threatening complications. Herein, a 5‐month‐old male presented with recurrent respiratory infections due to a right‐sided diaphragmatic eventration. Misdiagnosed from previous medical visits, timely surgical intervention by thoracoscopic plication of the diaphragm was crucial for our patient's survival.
The Significant Influence of a Second Metal on the Antiproliferative Properties of the Complex [Ru(η6−C10H14)(Cl2)(dmoPTA)]
Authors: Kordestani Nazanin , Abas Elisa , Grasa Laura , Alguacil Andres , Scalambra Franco , Romerosa Antonio 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComplexes [Ru(η6−C10H14)(Cl2)(HdmoPTA)](OSO2CF3) (1), [Ru(η6−C10H14)(Cl2)(dmoPTA)] (2) and [Ru(η6−C10H14)(Cl2)‐μ‐dmoPTA‐1κP:2κ2N,N’‐MCl2] (M=Zn (3), Co (4), Ni (5), dmoPTA=3,7‐dimethyl‐1,3,7‐triaza‐5‐phosphabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structures of 1, 3 and 5 were obtained by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The antiproliferative activity of the complexes was evaluated against colon cancer cell line Caco‐2/TC7 by using the MTT protocol. The monometallic ruthenium complexes 1 and 2 were found to be inactive, but the bimetallic complexes 3, 4 and 5 display an increased activity (IC50 3: 9.07±0.27, 4: 5.40±0.19, 5: 7.15±0.30 μM) compared to cisplatin (IC50=45.6±8.08 μM). Importantly, no reduction in normal cell viability was observed in the presence of the complexes. Experiments targeted to obtain information on the possible action mechanism of the complexes, such as cell cycle, ROS and gene expression studies, were performed. The results showed that the complexes display different properties and action mechanism depending on the nature of metal, M, bonded to the CH3NdmoPTA atoms.
Investigation of liquid marble shell using X‐ray: shell thickness and effective surface tension
Authors: Singha Pradip , Nguyen Nhat‐Khuong , Nguyen Van Thuong , Sreejith Kamalalayam Rajan , Tran Du Tuan , Nguyen Anh V. , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Ooi Chin Hong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLiquid marble is a non‐wetting droplet encapsulated by micro‐ or nano‐sized hydrophobic particles. Recently, liquid marble has been emerging as a tool for digital microfluidics. Thus, a detailed understanding of the fundamentals of liquid marble is essential. The shell of a liquid marble has an opaque and fuzzy appearance which hinders in‐depth investigation using conventional optical microscopy. We used X‐ray computerized microtomography (CMT) to generate an image with a visible interface between the core liquid and the shell to overcome this problem. The interface facilitates accurate measurement of the shell thickness and the effective surface tension. This work investigates the effect of liquid marble preparation methods and liquid marble volumes on shell thickness and effective surface tension. We found that increasing the revolution speed during liquid marble preparation increases shell thickness. A liquid marble shell has a uniform packing when the revolution speed is 200–300 rpm. We also found that the effective surface tension of liquid marbles decreases with increasing volume. This could be due to a stronger effect of gravitational force for a large liquid marble. The findings from this work could provide a new insight into the characterization of liquid marble and open up a new direction of fundamental research of liquid marble shell.
Adjoint recurrent neural network technique for nonlinear electronic component modeling
Authors: Naghibi Zohreh , Sadrossadat Sayed Alireza , Safari Saeed 
Published: November 2021

SummaryIn this paper, a novel method is presented for dynamic behavioral modeling of nonlinear circuits. The proposed adjoint recurrent neural network (ARNN) model is an extension of the existing recurrent neural network (RNN) technique which adds derivative information to the training data set. This addition makes training more efficient while using fewer data in comparison with the conventional RNN method with the same accuracy. Also, formulation of proposed ARNN model makes it suitable for parallel computation. Therefore, the proposed technique makes the training process much more efficient than RNN by using derivative information and parallelization. Additionally, the proposed model is much faster compared to conventional models present in existing simulation tools. The validity and accuracy of the proposed model is illustrated through macromodeling of a commercial NXP's 74LVC04A device and a five‐stage complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) receiver device.
Toward a function‐first framework to make soil microbial ecology predictive
Authors: Hicks Lettice C. , Frey Beat , Kjøller Rasmus , Lukac Martin , Moora Mari , Weedon James T. , Rousk Johannes 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSoil microbial communities perform vital ecosystem functions, such as the decomposition of organic matter to provide plant nutrition. However, despite the functional importance of soil microorganisms, attribution of ecosystem function to particular constituents of the microbial community has been impeded by a lack of information linking microbial function to community composition and structure. Here, we propose a function‐first framework to predict how microbial communities influence ecosystem functions. We first view the microbial community associated with a specific function as a whole and describe the dependence of microbial functions on environmental factors (e.g., the intrinsic temperature dependence of bacterial growth rates). This step defines the aggregate functional response curve of the community. Second, the contribution of the whole community to ecosystem function can be predicted, by combining the functional response curve with current environmental conditions. Functional response curves can then be linked with taxonomic data in order to identify sets of “biomarker” taxa that signal how microbial communities regulate ecosystem functions. Ultimately, such indicator taxa may be used as a diagnostic tool, enabling predictions of ecosystem function from community composition. In this paper, we provide three examples to illustrate the proposed framework, whereby the dependence of bacterial growth on environmental factors, including temperature, pH, and salinity, is defined as the functional response curve used to interlink soil bacterial community structure and function. Applying this framework will make it possible to predict ecosystem functions directly from microbial community composition.
Optimization of nutritional and functional qualities of local complementary foods of southern Ethiopia using a customized mixture design
Authors: Ayele Dagem Alemayehu , Teferra Tadesse Fikre , Frank Jan , Gebremedhin Samson 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCommercially produced complementary foods are inaccessible to rural households in Ethiopia. This study aimed to optimize the nutritional and functional properties of local complementary foods using flours of the following locally available crops: maize, red kidney bean,kocho, and pumpkin fruit. Ten formulations were generated using a customized mixture design. A five‐point hedonic scale was used for the determination of organoleptic properties, and standard methods were used for the analyses of nutritional composition and functional properties. The flours were mixed in the range of 20%–30% forkocho, 10%–25% for pumpkin fruit, 10%–40% for red kidney bean, and 15%–30% for maize. Optimal nutritional and functional properties were obtained using 33.5%kocho, 22.5% maize, 17.5% pumpkin, and 26.5% red kidney bean. Optimal values for functional properties were 0.86 g/ml, 5.94 ml/g, 4.14 ml/g, 2.96 g/g, 5.0 ml/g, and 1225.3 cP for bulk density, water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, swelling capacity, swelling index, and viscosity, respectively. All formulations were within acceptable limits with scores ranging from 3.00 to 4.32 on a scale of 5. The inclusion of 25% pumpkin fruit flour and other ingredients between 20% and 30% increased the pro‐vitamin A carotenoid and vitamin E contents of the composite flours. Aside from optimization, a higher concentration of limiting amino acids was achieved with 40% kidney beans and 15%–25% of the other ingredients. The mineral contents improved with increasing pumpkin, kidney bean, andkocho. To sum up, the nutrient quality, energy density, and functional quality of complementary foods can be optimized at a low cost using local ingredients.
Early soft and flexible fusion of electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging via double coupled matrix tensor factorization for multisubject group analysis
Authors: Chatzichristos Christos , Kofidis Eleftherios , Van Paesschen Wim , De Lathauwer Lieven , Theodoridis Sergios , Van Huffel Sabine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractData fusion refers to the joint analysis of multiple datasets that provide different (e.g., complementary) views of the same task. In general, it can extract more information than separate analyses can. Jointly analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measurements has been proved to be highly beneficial to the study of the brain function, mainly because these neuroimaging modalities have complementary spatiotemporal resolution: EEG offers good temporal resolution while fMRI is better in its spatial resolution. The EEG–fMRI fusion methods that have been reported so far ignore the underlying multiway nature of the data in at least one of the modalities and/or rely on very strong assumptions concerning the relation of the respective datasets. For example, in multisubject analysis, it is commonly assumed that the hemodynamic response function is a priori known for all subjects and/or the coupling across corresponding modes is assumed to be exact (hard). In this article, these two limitations are overcome by adopting tensor models for both modalities and by following soft and flexible coupling approaches to implement the multimodal fusion. The obtained results are compared against those of parallel independent component analysis and hard coupling alternatives, with both synthetic and real data (epilepsy and visual oddball paradigm). Our results demonstrate the clear advantage of using soft and flexible coupled tensor decompositions in scenarios that do not conform with the hard coupling assumption.
Pharmacists as members of an interdisciplinary pulmonary embolism response team
Authors: Groth Christine M. , Acquisto Nicole M. , Wright Colin , Marinescu Mark , McNitt Scott , Goldenberg Ilan , Cameron Scott J. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionPulmonary embolism response teams (PERTs) were developed to assist with diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of intermediate and high‐risk pulmonary embolism (PE) and have been shown to reduce 90‐day mortality. The pharmacist's role on the PERT is not well defined.ObjectivesDescribe the pharmacist's role as a PERT member and determine if pharmacists can improve time to anticoagulation and promote use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) instead of unfractionated heparin (UFH).MethodsA retrospective, observational study of adult patients with massive or submassive PE between January 2014 and May 2020. Patient demographics, clinical variables, anticoagulation treatment/timing, and pharmacist activities during PERT response were evaluated. Patients were divided into three groups for comparisons (pre‐PERT vs post‐PERT with a pharmacist vs post‐PERT without a pharmacist). Wilcoxon rank‐sum or Kruskal‐Wallis test and chi‐squared analysis were used for continuous and categorical data, respectively.ResultsA total of 573 patients were included (mean age 63.2 ± 15.6 years, 54% male, 78% submassive PE); 137 in the pre‐PERT and 436 in the post‐PERT groups. Within the post‐PERT group, 305 patients (70%) had a pharmacist as a member of the PERT, of which 222 (73%) had a documented pharmacotherapy‐related intervention/activity. Most (n = 178, 58%) involved a pharmacist facilitating ordering/administration of an anticoagulant/thrombolytic. Median time from diagnosis to anticoagulation was significantly reduced in the post‐PERT groups (pre‐PERT: 104 minutes [IQR 124.5], post‐PERT with a pharmacist: 63 minutes [IQR 84], post‐PERT without a pharmacist: 75.5 minutes [IQR 113], P = .0001). More patients in the post‐PERT groups received LMWH compared to UFH when a pharmacist was involved vs without a pharmacist (69.5% vs 53.3%, P = .0019) and major bleeding events were reduced (pre‐PERT: 14.6%, post‐PERT with a pharmacist: 4.6%, and post‐PERT without a pharmacist: 9.9%, P = .0013)ConclusionPharmacists have an active role on the PERT and their involvement was associated with a shorter diagnosis to anticoagulation time, increased LMWH use, and fewer major bleeding events.