bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primary tumor location (right versus left side of the colon) and resection affect the survival of patients with liver metastases from colonic neuroendocrine carcinoma: a population-based study
Authors: Cai Wen , Ge Weiting , Zhang Jiawei , Xie Siyuan , Wu Dehao , Hu Hanguang , Mao Jianshan 
Published: October 2021

Background: Colonic neuroendocrine carcinomas (co-NECs) are heterogeneous and aggressive, especially with regard to metastasis. Whether co-NECs on the right and left sides of the colon have different characteristics from colon adenocarcinoma is unknown. Methods: The co-NEC patients were selected from the 2010–2017 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database. The right and left sides of the colon were separated by the splenic flexure. Coarsened exact matching (CEM) was performed to adjust for relevant factors before regression models were constructed. Results: A total of 669 pathologically diagnosed co-NEC patients with sufficient baseline data were identified from the SEER database. A total of 80.72% of the patients had co-NEC that originated from the right side of the colon, and their mean overall survival (mOS) was similar to that of the patients with left-sided co-NECs (right versus left: 22.30 m versus 22.55 m). A total of 44.84% of the patients were diagnosed with liver metastasis (46.68% right side versus 37.98% left side). In patients with liver metastasis, those with right-sided co-NECs had better survival than those with left-sided co-NECs (mOS right versus left: 15.37 m versus 9.62 m; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49–0.98, p = 0.035). To further investigate the survival benefits of primary site resection, we separated the patients who had liver metastasis according to the primary site and performed CEM to balance the groups (no patients underwent liver metastasis resection or intervention). The results suggested that primary surgery could benefit patients with both left- and right-sided co-NECs (adjusted HR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.33–0.77, p = 0.001 on the right side; HR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.16–0.89, p = 0.026 on the left side). Conclusions: Co-NECs frequently originate on the right side and commonly develop liver metastasis. Right-sided co-NECs are associated with better survival than left-sided co-NECs after liver metastasis has occurred. Primary site resection is associated with prolonged survival in co-NEC patients with liver metastasis, regardless of the side from which the co-NEC has originated.
Prevalence of premature rupture of membrane and its associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Tiruye Getahun , Shiferaw Kassiye , Tura Abera Kenay , Debella Adera , Musa Abdulbasit 
Published: October 2021

Background: Premature rupture of the membrane is a serious public health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Despite its substantial contributions to feto-maternal complications, the burden of premature rupture of the membrane was not systematically analyzed in Ethiopia. Hence, this review aimed to identify the burden of premature rupture of the membrane and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Methods: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and African journal online databases and Google Scholar were searched for articles published in the English language. Independent review authors selected and screened studies. Appraisal for methodological quality of studies was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute assessment checklist. RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. The I2 statistical significance and Egger’s test were used to assess heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. Results: The pooled prevalence of premature rupture of the membrane among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 9.2% (95% confidence interval = 5.0, 16.4). Factors significantly associated with premature rupture of the membrane were no antenatal care visit (odds ratio = 2.87, confidence interval = 1.34, 6.14), history of premature rupture of the membrane (odds ratio = 4.09, 95% confidence interval = 2.82, 5.91), history of abortion (odds ratio = 3.13, confidence interval = 1.63, 6.01), abnormal vaginal discharge (odds ratio = 6.78, confidence interval = 4.11, 11.16), and urinary tract infection (odds ratio = 3.04, confidence interval = 1.21, 7.63). Conclusion: Nearly one in ten pregnancies in Ethiopia encounters premature rupture of the membrane complications. The finding highlights improving antenatal care utilization, thus preventing or treating urinary and reproductive tract infections, and tailored interventions for pregnant women with a history of premature rupture of the membrane or abortion contribute to reduced premature rupture of the membrane.
Histological and Inflammatory Cytokine Analysis of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus After Failed Microfracture: Comparison With Fresh Allograft Controls
Authors: Danilkowicz Richard M. , Allen Nicholas B. , Grimm Nate , Nettles Dana L. , Nunley James A. , Easley Mark E. , Adams Samuel B. 
Published: October 2021

Background: The most common first-line treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs) is microfracture. Although many patients do well with this procedure, a number fail and require reoperation. The mechanism of failure of microfracture is unknown, and to our knowledge there has been no research characterizing failed microfracture regarding histological and inflammatory makeup of these lesions that may contribute to failure. Purpose: To characterize the structural and biochemical makeup of failed microfracture lesions. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Specimens from 8 consecutive patients with symptomatic OLTs after microfracture who later underwent fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation were analyzed. For each patient, the failed microfracture specimen and a portion of the fresh allograft replacement tissue were collected. The allograft served as a control. Histology of the failed microfracture and the allograft replacement was scored using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) system. Surface roughness was also compared. In addition, tissue culture supernatants were analyzed for 16 secreted cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) responsible for inflammation, pain, cartilage damage, and chondrocyte death. Results: The OARSI grade, stage, and total score as well as surface smoothness were significantly worse in the failed microfracture sample, indicating better cartilage and bone morphology for the allografts compared with the failed microfracture lesions. Analyzed cytokines and MMPs were significantly elevated in the microfracture tissue culture supernatants when compared with fresh osteochondral tissue supernatants. Conclusion: These data demonstrate a significantly rougher cartilage surface, cartilage and subchondral bone histology that more closely resembles osteoarthritis, and elevated inflammatory cytokines and MMPs responsible for pain, inflammation, cartilage damage, and chondrocyte death when compared with fresh osteochondral allografts used as controls.
Family Practice Nursing in Newfoundland and Labrador: Are Reported Roles Reflective of Professional Competencies for Registered Nurses in Primary Care?
Authors: Mathews Maria , Ryan Dana , Buote Richard , Parsons Sandra , Lukewich Julia 
Published: October 2021

Background Family practice nurses are Registered Nurses who work collaboratively in primary care and deliver a range of services. Professional competency statements have been developed to describe the skills and knowledge of family practice nurses as a distinct field. Purpose We conducted a secondary analysis of qualitative interview data to examine how family practice nurse roles/activities relate to recently developed professional competencies. Methods Family physicians and family practice nurses in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) participated in semi-structured interviews, during which they discussed roles/activities and scope of practice surrounding family practice nursing. For this secondary analysis, we used competency statements to inform thematic coding of the transcribed interviews. Results For the initial study, a total of 8 participants (5 family practice nurses; 3 family physicians) were interviewed from diverse practices. All transcripts from the original study (n = 8) were included in the secondary analysis and analysed across 47 competencies encompassing 6 domains (Professionalism; Clinical Practice; Communication; Collaboration and Partnership; Quality Assurance, Evaluation and Research; Leadership). Roles/activities reported by participants were reflective of the competencies, but with substantial variation in expression. Conclusions Family practice nursing competency statements reflect the actual activities of family practice nurses in NL. The professional competencies can serve as a framework to examine contributions of family practice nurses and identify areas warranting further training. The use of competencies to explore family practice nurses’ roles and activities can assist with optimizing scope of practice.
Toll-like receptor 4 selective inhibition in medullar microenvironment alters multiple myeloma cell growth
Authors: Lemaitre Léa , Hamaidia Malik , Descamps Jean-Gérard , Do Souto Ferreira Laura , Joubert Marie-Véronique , Gadelorge Mélanie , Avet-Loiseau Hervé , Justo Arthur , Reina Nicolas , Deschaseaux Frederic , Martinet Ludovic , Bourin Philippe , Corre Jill , Espagnolle Nicolas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are abnormal in multiple myeloma (MM) and play a critical role by promoting growth, survival, and drug resistance of MM cells. We observed higher Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene expression in MM MSCs than in MSCs from healthy donors. At the clinical level, we highlighted that TLR4 expression in MM MSCs evolves in parallel with the disease stage. Thus, we reasoned that the TLR4 axis is pivotal in MM by increasing the protumor activity of MSCs. Challenging primary MSCs with TLR4 agonists increased the expression of CD54 and interleukin-6 (IL-6), 2 factors directly implicated in MM MSC-MM cell crosstalk. Then, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of a TLR4 antagonist combined or not with conventional treatment in vitro with MSC-MM cell coculture and in vivo with the Vk*MYC mouse model. Selective inhibition of TLR4 specifically reduced the MM MSC ability to support the growth of MM cells in an IL-6-dependent manner and delayed the development of MM in the Vk*MYC mouse model by altering the early disease phase in vivo. For the first time, we demonstrate that specific targeting of the pathological BM microenvironment via TLR4 signaling could be an innovative approach to alter MM pathology development.
BCL11A promotes myeloid leukemogenesis by repressing PU.1 target genes
Authors: Sunami Yoshitaka , Yokoyama Takashi , Yoshino Seiko , Takahara Tomoko , Yamazaki Yukari , Harada Hironori , Nakamura Takuro 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The transcriptional repressor BCL11A is involved in hematological malignancies, B-cell development, and fetal-to-adult hemoglobin switching. However, the molecular mechanism by which it promotes the development of myeloid leukemia remains largely unknown. We find that Bcl11a cooperates with the pseudokinase Trib1 in the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Bcl11a promotes the proliferation and engraftment of Trib1-expressing AML cells in vitro and in vivo. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis showed that, upon DNA binding, Bcl11a is significantly associated with PU.1, an inducer of myeloid differentiation, and that Bcl11a represses several PU.1 target genes, such as Asb2, Clec5a, and Fcgr3. Asb2, as a Bcl11a target gene that modulates cytoskeleton and cell-cell interaction, plays a key role in Bcl11a-induced malignant progression. The repression of PU.1 target genes by Bcl11a is achieved by sequence-specific DNA-binding activity and recruitment of corepressors by Bcl11a. Suppression of the corepressor components HDAC and LSD1 reverses the repressive activity. Moreover, treatment of AML cells with the HDAC inhibitor pracinostat and the LSD1 inhibitor GSK2879552 resulted in growth inhibition in vitro and in vivo. High BCL11A expression is associated with worse prognosis in humans with AML. Blocking of BCL11A expression upregulates the expression of PU.1 target genes and inhibits the growth of HL-60 cells and their engraftment to the bone marrow, suggesting that BCL11A is involved in human myeloid malignancies via the suppression of PU.1 transcriptional activity.
Analytics and visualization tools to characterize single-cell stochasticity using bacterial single-cell movie cytometry data
Authors: Balomenos Athanasios D. , Stefanou Victoria , Manolakos Elias S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundTime-lapse microscopy live-cell imaging is essential for studying the evolution of bacterial communities at single-cell resolution. It allows capturing detailed information about the morphology, gene expression, and spatial characteristics of individual cells at every time instance of the imaging experiment. The image analysis of bacterial "single-cell movies" (videos) generates big data in the form of multidimensional time series of measured bacterial attributes. If properly analyzed, these datasets can help us decipher the bacterial communities' growth dynamics and identify the sources and potential functional role of intra- and inter-subpopulation heterogeneity. Recent research has highlighted the importance of investigating the role of biological "noise" in gene regulation, cell growth, cell division, etc. Single-cell analytics of complex single-cell movie datasets, capturing the interaction of multiple micro-colonies with thousands of cells, can shed light on essential phenomena for human health, such as the competition of pathogens and benign microbiome cells, the emergence of dormant cells (“persisters”), the formation of biofilms under different stress conditions, etc. However, highly accurate and automated bacterial bioimage analysis and single-cell analytics methods remain elusive, even though they are required before we can routinely exploit the plethora of data that single-cell movies generate.ResultsWe present visualization and single-cell analytics using R (ViSCAR), a set of methods and corresponding functions, to visually explore and correlate single-cell attributes generated from the image processing of complex bacterial single-cell movies. They can be used to model and visualize the spatiotemporal evolution of attributes at different levels of the microbial community organization (i.e., cell population, colony, generation, etc.), to discover possible epigenetic information transfer across cell generations, infer mathematical and statistical models describing various stochastic phenomena (e.g., cell growth, cell division), and even identify and auto-correct errors introduced unavoidably during the bioimage analysis of a dense movie with thousands of overcrowded cells in the microscope's field of view.ConclusionsViSCAR empowers researchers to capture and characterize the stochasticity, uncover the mechanisms leading to cellular phenotypes of interest, and decipher a large heterogeneous microbial communities' dynamic behavior. ViSCAR source code is available from GitLab athttps://gitlab.com/ManolakosLab/viscar.
Factors influencing failure to undergo interval cholecystectomy after percutaneous cholecystostomy among patients with acute cholecystitis: a retrospective study
Authors: Yao Peng , Chang Zhihui , Liu Zhaoyu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) with interval cholecystectomy is an effective treatment modality in high-risk patients with acute cholecystitis. However, some patients still fail to undergo interval cholecystectomy after PC, with the reasons rarely reported. Hence, this study aimed to explore the factors that prevent a patient from undergoing interval cholecystectomy.

Methods
Data from patients with acute cholecystitis who had undergone PC from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019 in our hospital were retrospectively collected. The follow-up endpoint was the patient undergoing cholecystectomy. Patients who failed to undergo cholecystectomy were followed up every three months until death. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the factors influencing failure to undergo interval cholecystectomy. A nomogram was used to predict the numerical probability of non-interval cholecystectomy.

Results
Overall, 205 participants were identified, and 67 (32.7%) did not undergo cholecystectomy during the follow-up period. Multivariate analysis revealed that having a Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18) grade III status (odds ratio [OR]: 3.83; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27–11.49; p = 0.017), acalculous cholecystitis (OR: 4.55; 95% CI: 1.59–12.50; p = 0.005), an albumin level < 28 g/L (OR: 4.15; 95% CI: 1.09–15.81; p = 0.037), and a history of malignancy (OR: 4.65; 95% CI: 1.62–13.37; p = 0.004) were independent risk factors for a patient’s failure to undergo interval cholecystectomy. Among them, the presence of a history of malignancy exhibited the highest influence in the nomogram for predicting non-interval cholecystectomy.

Conclusions
Having a TG18 grade III status, acalculous cholecystitis, severe hypoproteinemia, and a history of malignancy influence the failure to undergo cholecystectomy after PC in patients with acute cholecystitis.
Assessment of mortality from COVID-19 in a multicultural multi-ethnic patient population
Authors: Nair Satish Chandrasekhar , Gasmelseed Huda Imam , Khan Asad Afroz , Khafagy Ibrahim Nageh , Sreedharan Jayadevan , Saleem Aqeel Aziz , Abdrhman Hashim Ibrahim , Alhosani Ahmed Husain , Siddiqua Amatur Rahman , Ahmed Amna Riaz , Shubbar Aya Imad , Aleissaee Abdul Rahman , Alanqar Abdulrahman Wael , Hamadeh Alan Mohammad , Safdani Fatmah Ali , Habbal Fuad Wardan , Choker Haneen Bassam , Bashir Khlood Mustafa , Alblooshi Maitha Ali , Farajallah Majd Munir , Alzaabi Mohamed Nasir , Shil Rajish Sanjit , Alshehhi Saif Saeed , Douleh Wafa Fayez 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Studies indicate that ethnicity and socioeconomic disparity are significant facilitators for COVID-19 mortality. The United Arab Emirates, distinctly has a population of almost 12% citizens and the rest, immigrants, are mainly unskilled labourers. The disparate socio-economic structure, crowded housing conditions, and multi-ethnic population offer a unique set of challenges in COVID-19 management.

Methods
Patient characteristics, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes data from the electronic patient medical records were retrospectively extracted from the hospital information system of the two designated public COVID-19 referral hospitals. Chi-square test, logistic regression, and odds ratio were used to analyse the variables.

Results
From, the total of 3072 patients, less than one-fifth were females; the Asian population (71.2%);followed by Middle Eastern Arabs (23.3%) were the most infected by the virus. Diabetes Mellitus (26.8%), hypertension (25.7%) and heart disease (9.6%) were the most prevalent comorbidities observed among COVID-19 patients. Kidney disease as comorbidity significantly diminished the survival rates (Crude OR 9.6, 95% CI (5.6–16.6), p < 0.001) and (Adjusted OR 5.7 95% CI (3.0 – 10.8), p < 0.001), as compared to those patients without kidney disease. Similarly, the higher age of patients between 51 and 65 years, significantly decreased the odds for survival (Crude OR 14.1 95% CI (3.4–58.4), p < 0.001) and (Adjusted OR 12.3 95% CI (2.9 – 52.4), p < 0.001). Patient age beyond 66 years, further significantly decreased the odds for survival (Crude OR 36.1 95% CI (8.5–154.1), p < 0.001), and (Adjusted OR 26.6 95% CI (5.7 – 123.8), p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our study indicates that older ages above 51 years and kidney disease increased mortality significantly in COVID-19 patients. Ethnicity was not significantly associated with mortality in the UAE population. Our findings are important in the management of the COVID-19 disease in the region with similar economic, social, cultural, and ethnic backgrounds.
COVID-19 transmission during swimming-related activities: a rapid systematic review
Authors: Yaacoub Sally , Khabsa Joanne , El-Khoury Rayane , El-Harakeh Amena , Lotfi Tamara , Saad Zahra , Itani Zeina , Khamis Assem M. , El Mikati Ibrahim , Cuello-Garcia Carlos A. , Verdugo-Paiva Francisca , Rada Gabriel , Schünemann Holger J. , Rizk Nesrine , Akl Elie A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
There are uncertainties about mitigating strategies for swimming-related activities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is an opportunity to learn from the experience of previous re-openings to better plan the future one. Our objectives are to systematically review the evidence on (1) the association between engaging in swimming-related activities and COVID-19 transmission; and (2) the effects of strategies for preventing COVID-19 transmission during swimming-related activities.

Methods
We conducted a rapid systematic review. We searched in the L·OVE (Living OVerview of Evidence) platform for COVID-19. The searches covered the period from the inception date of each database until April 19, 2021. We included non-randomized studies for the review on association of COVID-19 transmission and swimming-related activities. We included guidance documents reporting on the strategies for prevention of COVID-19 transmission during swimming-related activities. We also included studies on the efficacy and safety of the strategies. Teams of two reviewers independently assessed article eligibility. For the guidance documents, a single reviewer assessed the eligibility and a second reviewer verified the judgement. Teams of two reviewers extracted data independently. We summarized the findings of included studies narratively. We synthesized information from guidance documents according to the identified topics and subtopics, and presented them in tabular and narrative formats.

Results
We identified three studies providing very low certainty evidence for the association between engaging in swimming-related activities and COVID-19 transmission. The analysis of 50 eligible guidance documents identified 11 topics: ensuring social distancing, ensuring personal hygiene, using personal protective equipment, eating and drinking, maintaining the pool, managing frequently touched surfaces, ventilation of indoor spaces, screening and management of sickness, delivering first aid, raising awareness, and vaccination. One study assessing the efficacy of strategies to prevent COVID-19 transmission did not find an association between compliance with precautionary restrictions and COVID-19 transmission.

Conclusions
There are major gaps in the research evidence of relevance to swimming-related activities in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the synthesis of the identified strategies from guidance documents can inform public health management strategies for swimming-related activities, particularly in future re-opening plans.