bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified Mackenzie Sound Equation and CVOA Algorithm Based UASN Routing in Dissolved Gases with Divergent Wind Environment to Reduce Propagation Delay
Authors: R Amirthavalli , Shanker NR 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network (UASN), routing and propagation delay is affected through various water column environment effects in each node such as temperature, salinity, depth, gases, divergent and rotational wind. High sound velocity increases the transmission rate of packets and high dissolved gases in the water environment increase sound velocity. High dissolved gases and sound velocity environment in water column provide high transmission rates among UASN nodes. In this paper, the Modified Mackenzie Sound equation calculates sound velocity in each node for energy-efficient routing. Golden Ratio Optimization Method (GROM) and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) predict propagation delay of each node in UASN from dataset which consists of Mackenzie Sound equation calculated sound velocity based on temperature, salinity, depth, dissolved gases. Dissolved gases, rotational and divergent winds, and stress play major problems in UASN, increases propagation delay and energy consumption. Predicted values from GPR and GROM lead to node selection and among selected nodes Corona Virus Optimization Algorithm (CVOA) routing is performed. The proposed GPR-CVOA and GROM-CVOA algorithm solves the problem of propagation delay and consumes less energy in nodes based on appropriate tolerant delays in transmitting packets among nodes during high rotational and divergent winds. From simulation results, CVOA Algorithm performs better than traditional DF and LION algorithms.
Association between Triglyceride Glucose Index and the Risk of Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Liu Yihai , Wu Mingyue , Xu Biao , Kang Lina 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index has been used as a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance, an independent predictor of atherosclerotic vascular diseases. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between the TyG index and peripheral artery disease (PAD).Methods A total of 3375 participants with comleted TyG and ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) records were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004. The TyG index was calculated as ln[triglycerides (mg/dL)×glucose (mg/dL)/2], and the presence of PAD was defined as ABPI ≤ 0.9. Results The participants were 60.1±12.8 year old and 51.3% (1730) were male. The prevelance of PAD was 7.1% (238). Compared with the reference lowest quartile of TyG index, the highest quartile was associated with 1.66-fold (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-2.43; p=0.008) risk of PAD. After adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyles, and cardiometabolic factors, the multivariate-adjusted OR and 95% CI were 1.55 (1.03-2.37; p=0.039) or participants within the highest quartile. TyG index was also independently and linearly associated with higher presence of PAD (OR 1.27 [1.02-1.56]; p=0.027). Subgroup analysis showed that the association between TyG index and the risk of PAD was still consistant across groups except for obesity.Conclusions Higher TyG index was significantly associated with the higher risk of PAD, which could be a marker of PAD.
The Cre/CysC Ratio can Predict Muscle Composition and is Associated with Glucose Disposal Ability and Macrovascular Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yang Qing , Zhang Mei , Sun Peng , Li Yanying , Xu Huichao , Wang Kejun , Shen Hongshan , Ban Bo , Liu Fupeng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Since the ratio of creatinine to cystatin C (Cre/CysC) can reflect muscle volume, it has been proven to be a predictor of sarcopenia in patients with or without diabetes. Here, we investigated the predictive value of Cre/CysC in skeletal muscle composition and its correlations with glucose disposal ability and diabetic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods: The skeletal muscle index (SMI) and mean skeletal muscle attenuation (MMA) values of 193 patients with type 2 diabetes were obtained through analyses of CT images at the lumbar 3 level.Results: Serum Cre/CysC was significantly correlated with both the SMI (r =0.375, P < 0.001) and MMA (r = 0.378, P < 0.001). Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis demonstrated that Cre/CysC was the only biochemical predictor of the SMI [b = 0.48, (95% Cl, 0.02 to 0.94) and MMA [b= 0.57, (95% Cl, 0.14 to 1.01). In the diabetic complications analysis, Cre/CysC was negatively correlated with cardiovascular disease (r = -0.190, P = 0.008) and lower extremity arterial disease (r = -0.209, P = 0.004). Moreover, in the 100 g steamed bun test, Cre/CysC was significantly correlated with glucose levels at 60 min (r = -0.162, P = 0.045), 120 min (r = -0.287, P < 0.001) and 180 min (r = -0.313, P < 0.001).Conclusions: Cre/CysC is a valuable predictor of skeletal muscle composition in type 2 diabetes. Patients with higher levels of Cre/CysC may have a better ability to dispose of postprandial glucose and lower risk of macrovascular disease.
Association of Contrast-Enhanced CT Findings with Etiology and Outcome in Patients with Portal Venous Gas and Pneumatosis Intestinalis: A Single Center Case Series Study
Authors: Yoshida Naohiro , Sadakari Yoshihiko , Tamehiro Kazuhito , Ohkawara Kazuma , Nakane Hiroyuki , Endo Kayoko , Kaneshiro Kazuhisa , Iwanaga Ayako , Yoshitomi Munehiro , Hirokata Gentaro , Aoyagi Takeshi , Ogata Toshiro , Taniguchi Masahiko 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is a reliable diagnostic tool often used to investigate the etiology of portal venous gas (PVG) and pneumatosis intestinalis (PI). However, there are few reports that offer an analysis of the relationship between particular CT findings and clinical outcomes. In this paper, we sought to close that gap and present the results of our analyses that reveal which CT findings are correlated with life-threatening cases.Methods: 39 patients were diagnosed with PVG or PI from contrast-enhanced CT scans and underwent treatment at St. Mary’s Hospital from January 2009 to December 2018. We reviewed patients’ medical charts, laboratory data, and CT scan images retrospectively. We defined cases resulting in operation or death as group 1, and patients with conservative treatment who survived as group 2. We then analyzed the relationship between each CT finding and clinical feature.Results: The primary underlying diseases identified for PVG and PI were bowel ischemia (13/39), enteritis (9/39), constipation (5/39), iatrogenic disease (4/39), and hemodialysis (3/39). Poor enhancement of the intestinal wall and extrahepatic venous gas were correlated with bowel ischemia (p=0.0002 and p=0.0003, respectively). Free air was less correlated with bowel ischemia (p=0.02). Wall thickness was correlated with enteritis (p=0.02). Mortality in cases with bowel ischemia and perforation was quite high (60%) even if patients underwent surgery (33.3%). Conversely, patients with enteritis, constipation, hemodialysis and gastric dilatation who did not require surgery resulted in more favorable outcomes with conservative treatment. In the multivariate analysis, extra hepatic venous gas was the only solitary factor correlated with group 1 (p=0.0008).Conclusions: Extra hepatic venous gas was the strongest predictive factor of clinical outcome in contrast-enhanced CT findings correlated with bowel ischemia and required surgical treatment. The other CT findings were useful in diagnosing the underlying disease, but were not correlated with clinical outcomes. The necessity for surgical treatment remains dependent on the root cause.
Schiff Base Functionalized 1,2,4-Triazole and Pyrene Derivatives for Selective and Sensitive Detection of Cu2+ in the Mixed Organic- Aqueous Media
Authors: Choi Nam Gyu , Vanjare Balasaheb D. , Mahajan Prasad G. , Nagarajan Rajendran , Ryoo Hyang Im , Lee Ki Hwan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We have prepared Schiff base functionalized 1,2,4-Triazole and Pyrene derivatives for selective, sensitive, and naked eye colorimetric detection of Cu2+ in the mixed organic- aqueous media. Amongst the 18 different metal ions studied for absorption and fluorescence titration, only Cu2+ ion encourages the modification in spectral properties of Schiff base functionalized 1,2,4-Triazole and Pyrene Probe. The stoichiometric ratio of the Probe-Cu2+ complex was determined to be 2:1 according to Job’s plot. The lower detection limit estimated for Cu2+ is 0.234 nM which shows excellent sensitivity and selectivity of the present analytical method towards detection of Cu2+ ion in the mixed organic-aqueous media. The present approach has been successfully utilized for the quantitative determination of Cu2+ ion from environmental aqueous solution.
High Rate of Autonomic Neuropathy in Cornelia De Lange Syndrome
Authors: Pablo Maria Jesus , Pamplona Pilar , Haddad Maria , Benavente Isabel , Latorre-Pellicer Ana , Arnedo Maria , Trujillano Laura , Bueno-Lozano Gloria , Kerr Lynne M , Huisman Sylvia A , Kaiser Frank J , Ramos Feliciano J , Kline Antonie D , Pie Juan , Puisac Beatriz 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a rare congenital disorder characterized by typical facial features, growth failure, limb abnormalities, and gastroesophageal dysfunction that may be caused by mutations in several genes that disrupt gene regulation early in development. Symptoms in individuals with CdLS suggest that the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is involved, yet there is little direct evidence.MethodSomatic nervous system was evaluated by conventional motor and sensory nerve conduction studies and autonomic nervous system by heart rate variability, sympathetic skin response and sudomotor testing. CdLS Clinical Score and genetic studies were also obtained.ResultsSympathetic skin response and sudomotor test were pathological in 35% and 34% of the individuals with CdLS, respectively. Nevertheless, normal values in large fiber nerve function studies.ConclusionsAutonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction is found in many individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome, and could be related to premature aging.
The Impact Of COVID-19 On Out-Of-Hours Adult Hospice Care: An Online Survey
Authors: Hasson Felicity , Slater Paul , Fee Anne , McConnell Tracey , Payne Sheila , Finlay Dori-Anne , McIlfatrick Sonja 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundGlobally COVID-19 has had a profound impact on the provision of healthcare, including palliative care. However, there is little evidence about the impact of COVID-19 on delivery of out-of-hours specialist palliative care services in the United Kingdom. The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the delivery of out-of-hours community-based palliative care services.Methods A national online census survey of managers of adult hospices in the United Kingdom was undertaken. Survey were emailed to managers of adult hospices (n=150) who provided out-of-hours community palliative care services. Fifteen questions related specifically to the impact of COVID-19 and data were analysed thematically.ResultsEighty-one responses to the survey were returned (54% response rate); 59 were complete of which 47 contained COVID-19 data. Findings indicated that COVID-19 impacted on out-of-hours community-based palliative care. To meet increased patient need, hospices reconfigured services; redeployed staff; and introduced new policies and procedures to minimize virus transmission. Lack of integration between charitably and state funded palliative care providers was reported. The interconnected issues of the use and availability of Personal Protective Equipment (n=21) and infection control screening (n=12) resulted in changes in nursing practices due to fear of contagion for patients, carers and staff. Conclusions Survey findings suggest that due to increased demand for community palliative care services, hospices had to rapidly adapt and reconfigure services. Even though this response to the pandemic led to some service improvements, in the main, out-of-hours service reconfiguration resulted in challenges for hospices, including workforce issues, and availability of resources such as Personal Protective Equipment. These challenges were exacerbated by lack of integration with wider healthcare services. More research is required to fully understand the implications of such changes on the quality of care provided.
Evaluation of Low Coverage Whole Genome Sequencing as a New Method for Detecting Malignant Ovarian Mass
Authors: Ming Chen , Pengqiang Zhong , Mengzhi Hong , Jinfeng Tan , Xuegao Yu , Hao Huang , Juan Ouyang , Xiaoping Lin , Chen Peisong 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
To evaluate whether low coverage whole genome sequencing is suitable for the detection of malignant pelvic mass and compare its diagnostic value with traditional tumor markers. We enrolled 63 patients with a pelvic mass suspicious for ovarian malignancy. Each patient underwent low coverage whole genome sequencing (LCWGS) and traditional tumor markers test. The pelvic masses were finally confirmed via pathological examination. The copy number variants (CNVs) of whole genome were detected and the Stouffers Z-scores for each CNV was extracted. The risk of malignancy (RM) of each suspicious sample was calculated based on the CNV counts and Z-scores, which was subsequently compared with ovarian cancer markers CA125 and HE4, and the risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm (ROMA). Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) were used to access the diagnostic value of variables. As confirmed by pathological diagnosis, 44 (70%) patients with malignancy and 19 patients with benign mass were identified. Our results showed that CA125 and HE4, the CNV, the mean of Z-scores (Zmean), the max of Z-scores (Zmax), the RM and the ROMA were significantly different between patients with malignant and benign masses. The area under curve ( AUC) of CA125, HE4, CNV, Zmax, and Zmean was 0.775, 0.866, 0.786, 0.685 and 0.725 respectively. ROMA and RM showed similar AUC (0.876 and 0.837), but differed in sensitivity and specificity. After all, we develop a LCWGS based method for the identification of pelvic mass of suspicious ovarian cancer. LCWGS shows accurate result and could be complementary with the existing diagnostic methods.
Evaluation of ‘Shisha No Thanks’ – A Codesign Social Marketing Campaign on the Harms of Waterpipe Smoking
Authors: Chan Lilian , El-Haddad Nouhad , Freeman Becky , MacKenzie Ross , Karezi Dalya , Woodland Lisa , O’Hara Blythe , Harris-Roxas Ben 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Waterpipe (shisha) is becoming increasingly popular worldwide, particularly among young people; and in some countries, it is one of the few forms of tobacco use that is increasing. While there is a growing body of evidence of the harms of waterpipe smoke, there is a scarcity of research of interventions to address this form of tobacco consumption. Methods: The Shisha No Thanks project was a codesign social marketing campaign that aimed to raise awareness of the harms of waterpipe smoking among young people from an Arabic speaking background in Sydney, Australia. The campaign distributed material through social media and community events. We evaluated the project through an SMS community panel using a longitudinal study design. The cohort were sent questions before and after the project asking about their awareness of messages of harms, attitudes, intention to reduce waterpipe smoking, and awareness of support services. Data was analysed as matched pre- post- data. Results: The evaluation recruited 133 people to the panel. There was a significantly greater proportion of people who reported seeing, hearing or reading something about the harms of waterpipe smoking after the campaign (67.5%) compared with before (45.0%) (c2=9.03, p=0.003). Post-campaign, there were higher proportions of people who strongly agreed that waterpipe smoking causes damage, and that it contains cancer-causing substances, but these increases were not statistically significant. There was low awareness of waterpipe cessation services at baseline and post campaign (22.5%). Conclusions: The Shisha No Thanks project increased awareness of messages about the harms of waterpipe smoking. Although this is a small study, the longitudinal evaluation findings have international relevance and make a useful contribution to the understanding of the impact such interventions can have in addressing one of the few forms of tobacco use that is growing in both developed and developing countries.
Cost-benefit Quantification of Leaf Carbon Economics to Disentangle Responses of Plant Assemblages to Deer Herbivory
Authors: Wakatsuki Yuki , Nishizawa Keita , Mori Akira S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Although the plant carbon cost-benefit balance is known to be related to individual plant growth, reproduction, and population expansion, the association with plant community differences is not well understood. In this study, we examined how the leaf carbon cost-benefit metrics were associated with the assembly process of forest understory plant communities in areas highly affected by deer browsing. We calculated these metrics from plant physiologically parameters for 14 forest floor plant species growing in deer presence/absence site to detect the relationship between species dominance and leaf carbon cost-benefit metrics. As a result, the patterns of interspecific variation in benefit along the plant dominance rank differed in deer presence/absence sites, contributing to the marked differences in species composition and diversity observed at the two sites. In the absence of deer, where competition was the dominant determinant of plant community composition, carbon benefits among species were positively related to the plant dominance rank, indicating that species able to acquire more carbon were at an advantage. On the other hand, under deer herbivory, differences in carbon benefit between species were not strongly apparent and were not related to the plant dominance rank, indicating few differences in reproductive and expansion ability (plant fitness) between species. This process contributes to the high species diversity of plant communities observed in the presence of deer. Our results emphasize the possibility of connecting different fields of studies, physiological ecology, community ecology, and the plant carbon cost-benefit balance of single leaves to explain plant community composition differences.
The Gelation of CAG Repeat Expansion RNAs Suppresses Global Protein Translation
Authors: Lu Boxun , Pan Yuyin , Lu Junmei , Feng Xinran , Lu Shengyi , Yang Yi , Wang Liang , Li Pilong , Luo Shouqing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
RNA molecules with the expanded CAG repeat (eCAGr) may undergo liquid-to-gel phase transitions rapidly, but the nuclear eCAGr RNA foci display liquid-like properties, different from their gel-like behaviour in vitro (ref.1). The functional impact of this RNA gelation is also completely unknown (ref.2). Here we demonstrate that eCAGr RNA may form gel-like condensates (foci) in the cytoplasm that were rapidly degraded by lysosomes in a LAMP2-dependent manner. These RNA foci may lead to a drastic reduction of the global protein synthesis rate in cells and in vitro, possibly by sequestering the key protein translation elongation factor eEF2, which formed puncta colocalizing or surrounding the cytoplasmic eCAGr RNA condensates. Disrupting the eCAGr RNA gelation partially restored the global protein translation rate whereas the induction of enhanced gelation by an optogenetic system exacerbated this phenotype. Finally, eEF2 puncta were significantly enhanced in brain slices from a mouse model and patients of Huntington’s disease, which is a CAG expansion disorder expressing eCAGr RNAs. Our study demonstrates the RNA gelation inside the cells and reveals its functional impact, providing new angles for understanding pathological mechanisms of repeat expansion diseases and global protein translation regulation.
People Living with HIV Easily lose their Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2: Result From A Cohort of COVID-19 Cases in Wuhan, China
Authors: Liu Yanbin , Xiao Yanling , Wu Songjie , Marly Gifty , Ming Fangzhao , Wang Xiaoya , Wu Mengmeng , Feng Ling , Tang Weiming , Liang Ke 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

To date, whether the immune response for SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV(PLWH) is different from HIV-naïve individuals is still not clear.
Methods

In this cohort study, COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital in Wuhan between January 15 and April 1, 2020, were enrolled. Patients were categorized into PLWH and HIV-naïve group. All patients were followed up regularly (every fifteen days) until November 30, 2020, and the immune response towards SARS-CoV-2 was observed.
Results

Totally, 18 PLWH and 185 HIV-naïve individuals with COVID-19 were enrolled. The positive conversion rates of IgG were 56% in PLWH and 88% in HIV-naïve patients respectively, and the peak was on the 45th day after COVID-19 onset. However, the positive rate of IgG dropped to 12% in PLWH and 33% among HIV-naïve individuals by the end of the study. The positive conversion rate of IgG among asymptomatic carriers is significantly lower than that among moderate patients (AOR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.05–0.65) and PLWH had a lower IgG seroconversion rate compared to the HIV-naive group (AOR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.05–0.90). Patients with lower lymphocyte counts at onset had a higher positive conversion rate (AOR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09–0.90) and longer duration for IgG (AHR = 4.01, 95% CI: 1.78–9.02).
Conclusions

The positive conversion rate of IgG for SARS-CoV-2 was relatively lower and quickly lost in PLWH, which meant PLWH was in a disadvantaged situation when affected with COVID-19.
Spatiotemporal Beam Self-cleaning for High-resolution Nonlinear Fluorescence Imaging With Multimode Fiber
Authors: OULD-MOUSSA Nawell , Mansuryan Tigran , Hage Charles-Henri , Fabert Marc , Krupa Katarzyna , Tonello Alessandro , Ferraro Mario , Leggio Luca , Zitelli Mario , Mangini Fabio , Niang Alioune , Millot Guy , Papi Massimiliano , Wabnitz Stefan , Couderc Vincent 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Beam self-cleaning (BSC) in graded-index (GRIN) multimode fibers (MMFs) has been recently reported by different research groups. Driven by the interplay between Kerr effect and beam self-imaging, BSC counteracts random mode coupling, and forces laser beams to recover a quasi-single mode profile at the output of GRIN fibers. Here we show that the associated self-induced spatiotemporal reshaping allows for improving the performances of nonlinear fluorescence (NF) microscopy and endoscopy using multimode optical fibers. We experimentally demonstrate that the beam brightness increase, induced by self-cleaning, enables two and three-photon imaging of biological samples with high spatial resolution. Temporal pulse shortening accompanying spatial beam clean-up enhances the output peak power, hence the efficiency of nonlinear imaging. We also show that spatiotemporal supercontinuum (SC) generation is well-suited for large-band NF imaging in visible and infrared domains. We substantiated our findings by multiphoton fluorescence imaging in both microscopy and endoscopy configurations.