bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Model‐Based Treatment of Rapid Guessing
Authors: Deribo Tobias , Kroehne Ulf , Goldhammer Frank 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe increased availability of time‐related information as a result of computer‐based assessment has enabled new ways to measure test‐taking engagement. One of these ways is to distinguish between solution and rapid guessing behavior. Prior research has recommended response‐level filtering to deal with rapid guessing. Response‐level filtering can lead to parameter bias if rapid guessing depends on the measured trait or (un‐)observed covariates. Therefore, a model based on Mislevy and Wu (1996) was applied to investigate the assumption of ignorable missing data underlying response‐level filtering. The model allowed us to investigate different approaches to treating response‐level filtered responses in a single framework through model parameterization. The study found that lower‐ability test‐takers tend to rapidly guess more frequently and are more likely to be unable to solve an item they guessed on, indicating a violation of the assumption of ignorable missing data underlying response‐level filtering. Further ability estimation seemed sensitive to different approaches to treating response‐level filtered responses. Moreover, model‐based approaches exhibited better model fit and higher convergent validity evidence compared to more naïve treatments of rapid guessing. The results illustrate the need to thoroughly investigate the assumptions underlying specific treatments of rapid guessing as well as the need for robust methods.
Power, autonomy and interprofessional practice in dietitian clinical decision making: An interpretive study in acute hospitals
Authors: Vo Ruth , Smith Megan , Patton Narelle 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDietitians learn clinical decision making (CDM) predominantly as an autonomous cognitive process that considers the needs and preferences of the patient. Although interprofessional education is increasing in tertiary dietetic programmes, a paucity of research exists that explores the nature of how practising dietitians make decisions, independent or otherwise. This qualitative interpretative study explored the nature of experienced dietitian CDM in the acute care setting. Philosophical hermeneutic principles guided text construction and interpretation via in‐depth, semi‐structured interviews with practising dietitians with at least 3 years of experience. A reference focus group commented on the emerging findings, increasing the rigour of the research. Ten dietitians participated in the interviews and there were five dietitians in the reference focus group. CDM was found to be a highly social phenomenon with varying degrees of autonomy involving complex power relations with various other health professionals, in particular, medical practitioners. Dietitians respond to existing power relations in key ways, including building and maintaining relationships, advocating on behalf of the patient and negotiating decisions with other healthcare staff when in pursuit of improved health and nutrition related outcomes for patients. Strategic interprofessional communication skills are foundational to effective patient care and advancing the role of the dietitian. Power and autonomy in dietitian CDM are important concepts that could inform interprofessional education when seeking to promote both effective dietetic and interprofessional practice.
Smoke or smokeless moxibustion treatment for breech presentation: A three‐arm pilot trial
Authors: Higashihara Akiko , Horiuchi Shigeko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsWe conducted a pilot trial to compare the effects of smoke and smokeless moxibustion with a control as a possible supplement to external cephalic version (ECV) for converting breech to cephalic presentation and increasing adherence to cephalic position, and to assess their effects on the well‐being of the mother and child.MethodsWe used a quasi‐experimental design with 3 arms: a smoke moxibustion (SM) (n = 20) and smokeless moxibustion (SLM) (n = 20) groups (20‐min acupoint BL67 stimulation once or twice daily for 10–14 days), and a control group (n = 20). The participants had singleton breech presentations between 33 and 35 gestation weeks. The primary outcome was cephalic presentation at the conclusion of intervention. The secondary outcomes were cephalic presentation at birth and effects on mother and child well‐being.ResultsAt the conclusion of intervention, cephalic presentation was higher in the SLM (60.0%) than the control groups (25.0%), Relative Risk 2.40, 95% Confidence Interval [1.04–5.56]; there was no significant difference for SM. At birth, there were no significant differences in cephalic presentation or well‐being.ConclusionSLM treatment showed an increasing trend towards cephalic presentation at the conclusion of intervention. Although significant differences were not observed at birth possibly due to the small samples and non‐randomization, moxibustion was safe, and not associated with perinatal morbidity and mortality. A randomized controlled trial with a larger sample is warranted to ascertain SLM treatment as a possible ECV supplement for converting and increasing adherence to cephalic position.
Risk factors for recurrence of deep infiltrating endometriosis after surgical treatment
Authors: Yela Daniela Angerame , Vitale Salvatore Giovanni , Vizotto Marina Perencin , Benetti‐Pinto Cristina Laguna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the frequency of complications and factors associated with the recurrence of endometriosis in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) undergoing surgical treatment.MethodsA retrospective observational cohort study with 72 women who underwent surgery and followed up by DIE at the University of Campinas from 2007 to 2017. The variables analyzed were clinical characteristics, use and type of drug treatment before and after surgery, operative time and complications inherent to the procedure, as well as the recurrence of lesions on imaging.ResultsThe mean age of women was 39.7 ± 6.3 years and the mean follow‐up was 4.56 ± 2.60 years. Complications were reported in 16.6% of surgeries and recurrence of lesions in 34.7%. The risk of intraoperative complications was higher in the presence of lesions of the bowel and in those who used intramuscular progestin before surgery. A higher risk of recurrence was observed among those who did not use hormonal treatment or used a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine device (LNG‐IUD) in the postoperative period.ConclusionWomen with DIE have a high rate of complications during surgical treatment and a higher risk of recurrence when they did not receive hormonal treatment or when treated with LNG‐IUD after surgery.
Role of systematic pelvic and para‐aortic lymphadenectomy in delayed debulking surgery after six neoadjuvant chemotherapy cycles for high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Lopes Andre , Genta Maria L. N. D. , da Costa Miranda Vanessa , Aranha Andrea , Lopez Rossana V. M. , Piato Dariane S. A. M. , Anton Cristina , Carvalho Filomena M. , del Pilar Esteves Diz Maria , Carvalho Jesus P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe analyzed the role of systematic pelvic and para‐aortic lymphadenectomy in delayed debulking surgery after six neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) cycles for advanced high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma who underwent NACT with carboplatin‐paclitaxel between 2008 and 2016. Patients were included only if they had FIGO IIIC‐IVB high‐grade serous carcinoma with clinically negative lymph nodes after six NACT cycles (carboplatin‐paclitaxel) and underwent complete or near complete cytoreduction. Patients with partial lymphadenectomy or bulky nodes were excluded. Patients who underwent systematic pelvic and aortic lymphadenectomy and those who did not undergo lymph node dissection were compared. Progression‐free and overall survivals were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsTotally, 132 patients with FIGO IIIC‐IVB epithelial ovarian carcinoma were surgically treated after NACT. Sixty patients were included (39 and 21 in the lymphadenectomy and nonlymphadenectomy group, respectively); 40% had suspicious lymph nodes before NACT. Patient characteristics, blood transfusion numbers, and complication incidence were similar between the groups. In the lymphadenectomy group, 12 patients (30.8%) had histologically positive lymph nodes and the surgical time was longer (229 vs. 164 min). The median overall survival in the lymphadenectomy and nonlymphadenectomy groups, respectively, was 56.7 (95% CI 43.4–70.1) and 61.2 (21.4–101.0) months (p = 0.934); the corresponding disease‐free survival was 8.1 (6.2–10.1) and 8.3 (5.1–11.6) months (p = 0.878). Six patients exclusively presented with lymph node recurrence.ConclusionsSystematic lymphadenectomy after six NACT cycles may have no influence on survival.
Safety and outcomes of routine endovascular thrombectomy in large artery occlusion recorded in the SITS Register: An observational study
Authors: Ahmed N. , Mazya M. , Nunes A. P. , Moreira T. , Ollikainen J. P. , Escudero‐Martinez I. , Bigliardi G. , Dorado L. , Dávalos A. , Egido J. A. , Tassi R. , Strbian D. , Zini A. , Nichelli P. , Herzig R. , Jurák L. , Hurtikova E. , Tsivgoulis G. , Peeters A. , Nevšímalová M. , Brozman M. , Cavallo R. , Lees K. R , Mikulik R. , Toni D. , Holmin S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveWe aimed to evaluate the safety and outcomes of thrombectomy in anterior circulation acute ischaemic stroke recorded in the SITS–International Stroke Thrombectomy Register (SITS‐ISTR) and compare them with pooled randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two national registry studies.MethodsWe identified centres recording ≥10 consecutive patients in the SITS‐ISTR with at least 70% of available modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 3 months during 2014–2019. We defined large artery occlusion as intracranial internal carotid artery, first and second segment of middle cerebral artery and first segment of anterior cerebral artery. Outcome measures were functional independence (mRS score 0‐2) and death at 3 months and symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (SICH) per modified SITS‐MOST.ResultsResults are presented in the following order: SITS‐ISTR, RCTs, MR CLEAN Registry and German Stroke Registry (GSR). Median age was 73, 68, 71 and 75 years; baseline NIHSS score was 16, 17, 16 and 15; prior intravenous thrombolysis was 62%, 83%, 78% and 56%; onset to reperfusion time was 289, 285, 267 and 249 min; successful recanalization (mTICI score 2b or 3) was 86%, 71%, 59% and 83%; functional independence at 3 months was 45.5% (95% CI: 44–47), 46.0% (42–50), 38% (35–41) and 37% (35–41), respectively; death was 19.2% (19–21), 15.3% (12.7–18.4), 29.2% (27–32) and 28.6% (27–31); and SICH was 3.6% (3–4), 4.4% (3.0–6.4), 5.8% (4.7–7.1) and not available.ConclusionThrombectomy in routine clinical use registered in the SITS‐ISTR showed safety and outcomes comparable to RCTs, and better functional outcomes and lower mortality than previous national registry studies.
Effects of Head Inclination and Focal Length on Emotional State and Degree of Stress1
Authors: Suzuki Tomohiro , Maie Hidetoshi , Yamaguchi Shinji , Kawata Yujiro 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough previous studies have investigated the effect of head inclination on one's psychological state, such as their emotionality, there is still confusion related to the association between head inclination and focal length. Therefore, the current study examined the effects of both head inclination and focal length on an individual's emotional state and degree of stress, which were both controlled individually, and then clarified these independent and interactive effects. Twenty adults participated in all combinations of two focal‐length conditions (long or short) and two head‐inclination conditions (upward or downward) consecutively. The participants' saliva was then examined to determine α‐amylase levels and assess their physiological states; to assess emotional states after each condition, participants were required to complete several self‐report questionnaires. Two‐way analyses of variance were conducted, and the results showed that focal length exerted significant effects on their psychological states, but the effect of head inclination on the psychological state was only partially significant. The findings imply that focal length, rather than head inclination, primarily affected psychological states. It is noteworthy that previous studies' results regarding the effect of head inclination on emotional states may have mistakenly indicated a relationship because focal length coincides with head inclination.
Sum of variance for quantifying the variation of multiple sequential data for the crispness evaluation of chicken nugget
Authors: Nakamoto Hiroyuki , Yasuda Takeaki , Kobayashi Futoshi , Nagahata Yuya , Shimizu Rina , Kimura Ko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCrispness is one of the words most frequently used to describe the texture of fried or dried food in addition to being a key to the determination of freshness for many non‐fried foods. In this study, a new feature value called the sum of variance was assessed for its contribution to the estimation of crispness. Dynamic time warping and its averaging algorithms were employed to determine the sum of variance from a set of sequential force data measured using an instrument. The sum of variance is a feature value that expresses the variance of multiple sequential data. In an experiment, seven chicken nugget samples were prepared, and five panels evaluated their texture according to six Japanese word descriptors. An instrument experiment determined the six feature values, including the sum of variance from the measurement data, whereas multiple linear regression was applied to determine the relationship between the sensory values and feature values. For three of the six textures, the sum of variance reduced the error between the sensory values and their estimated values by up to 50%, confirming that this feature contributes to the textural estimation of food crispness.
Traits as determinants of species abundance in a grassland community
Authors: Lisner Aleš , Pärtel Meelis , Helm Aveliina , Prangel Elisabeth , Lepš Jan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractQuestionsThe patterns in abundances of plant species and the processes which determine these patterns have been intensively studied. While recent investigations have recognized plant functional traits as important determinants of species abundances, intraspecific trait variability as a driver of species abundance patterns has largely been ignored. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of intraspecific trait variability and trait dissimilarity from mean community characteristics (community‐weighted mean [CWM]) on the abundance of six widely distributed grassland species, while controlling for the possible influence of environmental conditions for three commonly used plant functional traits (Plant height — PH; specific leaf area — SLA; and leaf dry matter content — LDMC).LocationSpecies‐rich alvar grasslands in western Estonia.MethodsWe quantified the discrete effects of environmental conditions, intraspecific trait variability, and trait difference from CWM on species abundance and assessed individual contributions of both traits and environmental characteristics on species abundance patterns.ResultsWe found a strong and consistent relationship between species’ abundance and their intraspecific trait variability, where the biggest proportion of variation was explained by PH and SLA respectively. Local populations with larger PH and LDMC, and lower SLA were more abundant compared to populations having different values of these traits. Significant unimodal dependence of species abundance on CWM was detected for two species for which the optimum values of SLA and LDMC were close to the CWM values. For other species, the relationship between optimum trait values and CWM values was monotonous. The effect of measured environmental conditions (e.g., soil depth, above‐ground biomass, and soil fertility) and trait difference from CWM on species abundance patterns was minor when compared to the effect of intraspecific trait variability.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated a strong relationship between intraspecific trait variability and local performance of species within communities.
Patterns of blubber fat deposition and evaluation of body condition in growing southern right whale calves (Eubalaena australis)
Authors: Marón Carina F. , Lábaque María Carla , Beltramino Lucas , Di Martino Matías , Alzugaray Lucía , Ricciardi Marcos , Fernández Ajó Alejandro A. , Adler Frederick R. , Seger Jon , Sironi Mariano , Rowntree Victoria J. , Uhart Marcela M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMarine mammals rely on blubber mainly for energy storage, buoyancy, and streamlining. Mysticetes are born with a relatively thin fat layer that grows rapidly during nursing. However, little information on blubber deposition patterns is available for baleen whale calves. We measured blubber thickness at nine body locations in 350 southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) newborn to 4–6‐month‐old calves that died on the Península Valdés (Argentina) calving ground from 2003 to 2019, to document changes in blubber thickness with growth. Additionally, we looked for differences in blubber thickness and lipid content of the outer/superficial blubber in calves that died in years with high (2003, 2005, 2007–2013) and low calf mortality (2004, 2006, 2014–2019) to test whether the former were suffering from gross nutritional stress. Blubber thickness increased at all body locations with calf length. Along the cranio‐caudal axis, blubber increased in the dorsal and ventral planes, but decreased laterally towards the peduncle, possibly to improve streamlining. We found no difference in blubber thickness and lipid content between high and low mortality years, suggesting that individuals were not undernourished. This is the first study to describe progressive increases in calf blubber during growth and contributes knowledge to right whale health and ontogeny.
Associations of perioperative characteristics with motor function in preschool children born with esophageal atresia
Authors: van Hoorn Camille E. , van der Cammen‐van Zijp Monique H. M. , Stolker Robert Jan , van Rosmalen Joost , Wijnen Rene M. H. , de Graaff Jurgen C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundChildren born with esophageal atresia experience long‐term neurodevelopmental deficits, with unknown origin.AimsTo find associations between perioperative variables during primary esophageal atresia repair and motor function at age 5 years.MethodsThis ambidirectional cohort study included children born with esophageal atresia who consecutively had been operated on in the Erasmus MC‐Sophia Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, from January 2007 through June 2013. The perioperative data of this cohort were collected retrospectively; the motor function data prospectively.ResultsAfter exclusion of patients with syndromal congenital diseases (n = 8) and lost to follow‐up (n = 10), the data of 53 children were included. The mean (SD) total motor function impairment z‐score at 5 years of age was −0.66 (0.99), significantly below normal (p < .001). In multivariable linear regression analysis, number of postoperative days endotracheal intubation (B = −0.211, 95% CI: −0.389 to −0.033, p = .021) was negatively associated with motor outcome, whereas high blood pressure (B = 0.022, 95% CI 0.001 to 0.042, p = .038) was positively associated. Preoperative nasal oxygen supplementation versus room air (B = 0.706, 95% CI: 0.132 to 1.280, p = .016) was positively associated with motor outcome, which we cannot explain.ConclusionsMotor function in 5‐year‐old esophageal atresia patients was impaired and negatively associated with the number of postoperative days of endotracheal intubation and positively associated with high blood pressure. Prospective studies with critical perioperative monitoring and monitoring during stay at the intensive care unit are recommended.
Use of bisphosphonates in a retrospective case series of children and adolescents with complex regional pain syndrome
Authors: Walfish Laurel , Sbrocchi Anne Marie , Rivera Gonzalo , Ricaurte Gracia Y Laura Nathaly , Mohamed Nada , González Cárdenas Víctor Hugo , Stoopler Michelle , Ingelmo Pablo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing evidence for the use of bisphosphonates to treat Complex Regional Pain Syndrome in adults. However, there are scarce data for their use in children with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome.AimThis retrospective case series aimed to analyze the effects of intravenous bisphosphonate use in children and adolescents with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome enrolled in a multidimensional pain treatment program.MethodsWe analyzed the data of 16 patients (15 females and 1 male, mean age 14 ± 3 years) who received infusions of zoledronic acid (0.015 ± 0.0044mg/kg), pamidronate (0.72 ± 0.17mg/kg), or both depending on their initial response between October 2014 and December 2019. The primary endpoint of the study was the patient's global impression of change. Secondary outcomes included pain intensity, physical function, role function (school attendance), need for pain medications, and adverse effects.ResultsNine of 16 patients reported meaningful improvements (global impressions of change of 84% or higher) at a median follow‐up time of 16 (8–21) months after their last infusion of bisphosphonates. There were also meaningful reductions in pain intensity and the need for pain medications. There was an increase in the proportion of patients with minimal or without physical disability, and almost all patients normalized their school activities. Thirteen patients (81%) reported adverse effects, mostly flu‐like symptoms, for a few days after the infusion.ConclusionThe use of bisphosphonate infusions may represent an effective treatment option for children with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, not responding to multidisciplinary pain treatment programs.
Management of hyperpigmentation: Current treatments and emerging therapies
Authors: Nautiyal Avni , Wairkar Sarika 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHyperpigmentation of the skin refers to a dermatological condition which alters the color of the skin, making it discolored or darkened. The treatments for hyperpigmentation disorders often take very long to show results and have poor patient compliance. The first‐line treatment for hyperpigmentation involves topical formulations of conventional agents such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, and glycolic acid followed by oral formulations of therapeutic agents such as tranexamic acid, melatonin, and cysteamine hydrochloride. The second‐line approaches include chemical peels and laser therapy given under the observation of expert professionals. However, these therapies pose certain limitations and adverse effects such as erythema, skin peeling, and drying and require long treatment duration to show visible effects. These shortcomings of the conventional treatments provided scope for further research on newer alternatives for managing hyperpigmentation. Some of these therapies include novel formulations such as solid lipid nanocarriers, liposomes, phytochemicals, platelet‐rich plasma, microneedling. This review focuses on elaborating on several hyperpigmentation disorders and their mechanisms, the current, novel and emerging treatment options for management of hyperpigmentation.