bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organoids to model the endometrium: implantation and beyond
Authors: Rawlings Thomas M , Makwana Komal , Tryfonos Maria , Lucas Emma S 
Published: August 2021

Despite advances in assisted reproductive techniques in the 4 decades since the first human birth after in vitro fertilisation, 1–2% of couples experience recurrent implantation failure, and some will never achieve a successful pregnancy even in the absence of a confirmed dysfunction. Furthermore, 1–2% of couples who do conceive, either naturally or with assistance, will experience recurrent early loss of karyotypically normal pregnancies. In both cases, embryo-endometrial interaction is a clear candidate for exploration. The impossibility of studying implantation processes within the human body has necessitated the use of animal models and cell culture approaches. Recent advances in 3-dimensional modelling techniques, namely the advent of organoids, present an exciting opportunity to elucidate the unanswerable within human reproduction. In this review, we will explore the ontogeny of implantation modelling and propose a roadmap to application and discovery.

Lay summary
A significant number of couples experience either recurrent implantation failure or recurrent pregnancy loss. Often, no underlying disorder can be identified. In both cases, the interaction of the embryo and maternal tissues is key. The lining of the womb, the endometrium, becomes receptive to embryo implantation during each menstrual cycle and provides a nourishing and supportive environment to support ongoing pregnancy. It is not possible to study early pregnancy directly, therefore, modelling embryo-endometrium interactions in the laboratory is essential if we wish to understand where this goes wrong. Advances in the lab have resulted in the development of organoids in culture: 3D cellular structures that represent the characteristics of a particular tissue or organ. We describe past and present models of the endometrium and propose a roadmap for future work with organoid models, from fundamental understanding of the endometrial function and implantation processes to the development of therapeutics to improve pregnancy outcomes and gynaecological health.
Lesion region segmentation via weakly supervised learning
Authors: Yi Ran , Zeng Rui , Weng Yang , Yu Minjing , Lai Yu‐Kun , Liu Yong‐Jin 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundImage‐based automatic diagnosis of field diseases can help increase crop yields and is of great importance. However, crop lesion regions tend to be scattered and of varying sizes, this along with substantial intra‐class variation and small inter‐class variation makes segmentation difficult.MethodsWe propose a novel end‐to‐end system that only requires weak supervision of image‐level labels for lesion region segmentation. First, a two‐branch network is designed for joint disease classification and seed region generation. The generated seed regions are then used as input to the next segmentation stage where we design to use an encoder‐decoder network. Different from previous works that use an encoder in the segmentation network, the encoder‐decoder network is critical for our system to successfully segment images with small and scattered regions, which is the major challenge in image‐based diagnosis of field diseases. We further propose a novel weakly supervised training strategy for the encoder‐decoder semantic segmentation network, making use of the extracted seed regions.ResultsExperimental results show that our system achieves better lesion region segmentation results than state of the arts. In addition to crop images, our method is also applicable to general scattered object segmentation. We demonstrate this by extending our framework to work on the PASCAL VOC dataset, which achieves comparable performance with the state‐of‐the‐art DSRG (deep seeded region growing) method.ConclusionOur method not only outperforms state‐of‐the‐art semantic segmentation methods by a large margin for the lesion segmentation task, but also shows its capability to perform well on more general tasks.
Inteligência Artificial na pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Alves de Freitas Barros Simone Regina , Cota Ana Lídia Soares 
Published: August 2021

Ensaio narrativo que visa reunir marcos conceituais sobre o uso da Inteligência Artificial na pandemia da COVID-19 versus dilemas éticos sobre a sua aplicabilidade. No decorrer dessa reflexão, foi possível constatar que a Inteligência Artificial tem sido usada no transcorrer da pandemia de forma muito efetiva. O objetivo de sua aplicabilidade é orientar uma resposta, melhorar o atendimento e salvar vidas. É uma ferramenta de incorporação aos sistemas inteligentes de valores, ética e princípios humanos e tem o controle humano sob os seus sistemas inteligentes. Assim, as decisões de uso da Inteligência Artificial pelos sistemas de saúde estão alinhadas a um dos principais sistemas de ideias que apoiam os conceitos de certo e errado: o utilitarismo, que dentre as muitas dicotomias filosóficas, pode nos guiar. Conclui-se, então, que a pandemia é um evento que transcende a capacidade dos sistemas de saúde; por isso, inserir a Inteligência Artificial para colaborar na tomada de decisões exige a articulação entre sensibilidade e racionalidade a partir da fórmula da soma, e jamais da síntese.
Palavras-chave: Inteligência Artificial; utilitarismo; saúde.
Determination of malathion and its residues by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method
Authors: Velkoska-Markovska Lenche , Petanovska-Ilievska Biljana 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The quality of pesticide formulations has an impact on the crop safety, environment and human health. Therefore, the development of new analytical methods for the determination of active substances in pesticide formulations in order to control their quality, as well as, their residues in food samples in order to ensure food safety, is always welcome. A new, simple, precise and accurate normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC) method for determination of an active ingredient malathion in the commercial emulsifiable concentrate pesticide product has been developed and validated. The analysis was carried out on a LiChrosorb CN (250 x 4 mm, 5 μm) analytical column using isocratic elution with mobile phase consisted of n-hexane and dichloromethane (80/20, v/v), flow rate of 1 mL/min, constant column temperature at 25 °C and ultraviolet diode-array detection at 220 nm. The obtained values for multiple correlation coefficients (R
2 ≥ 0.9990), relative standard deviation of retention times, peak areas and heights (RSD ≤ 1.14%), recoveries ranged from 98.97 to 101.62%, revealed that the developed method has a satisfactory linearity, precision and accuracy. Also, the developed method was successfully applied for determination of malathion residues in apple juice samples, after preliminary sample preparation using solid-phase extraction. Specificity, selectivity, linearity, matrix effect, precision and accuracy were tested in order to validation of this method. The obtained results were in acceptable ranges and indicated that the developed method is suitable for routine determination of malathion in the pesticide formulation, as well as for determination of malathion residues in apple juice samples. The run time of HPLC analysis was about 6 min.
Ceramic bricks with enhanced thermal insulation produced from natural zeolite
Authors: Ibrahim Jamal Eldin F. M. , Kurovics Emese , Tihtih Mohammed , Gömze László A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In this research, ceramic bricks were produced based on natural zeolite from Tokaj (Hungary) using the dry pressing technique. The microstructure, morphology and properties of the produced samples were examined via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence. The X-ray investigation revealed various minerals in the natural zeolite; moreover, the samples’ physical and thermal properties were also investigated. The sintering temperature and composition play a major role in the microstructure and the properties of the prepared ceramic samples. The produced ceramics bricks have excellent thermal insulation and good mechanical strength. The results of this research work confirm the potential use of natural zeolite from Tokaj as an eco-friendly building material.
Provincial implementation supports for socio-demographic data collection during COVID-19 in Ontario’s public health system
Authors: Abdi Samiya , Bennett-AbuAyyash Caroline , MacDonald Liane , Hohenadel Karin , Johnson Karen O. , Leece Pamela 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Setting
The Ontario government implemented a regulatory change to mandate the collection of socio-demographic (SD) data for individuals who tested positive for COVID-19. This change was informed by evidence of COVID-19’s disproportionate impact on marginalized communities and calls for broader collection of SD data. Given the scarcity of similar efforts, there is a significant knowledge gap around implementing standardized SD data collection in public health settings.

Intervention
Public Health Ontario provided collaborative support for the implementation of SD data collection, grounded in health equity principles, evidence, and best practices. We supported the addition of SD fields in Ontario’s COVID-19 data collection systems, issued data entry guidance, hosted webinars for training and learning exchange, and published a resource to support the data collection process. The current focus is on building sustainability and quality improvement through continued engagement of public health units.

Outcomes
By November 28, 2020, almost 80% of COVID-19 cases had information recorded for at least one SD question (individual questions, range 46.8–67.0%). We hosted three webinars for the field, and the data collection resource was viewed almost 650 times. Practitioners continue to express needs for support on applying equity principles to data analysis and interpretation, and community engagement on data collection and use.

Implications
Sharing knowledge on responsive implementation supports in collaboration with the field and using current evidence and guidance will strengthen public health practice for SD data collection. Laying this groundwork will also improve the likelihood of success and sustainability of these equity-focused efforts.
A Review of the Association of Bladder and Prostate Cancers with Schistosoma Species
Authors: Kazemi Negin , Ehteshaminia Yahya , Mohammadi Hamid , Mahdavi Seif Ali 
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Schistosomiasis is an infection caused by the deposition of large male and female worms (trematodes) in the bladder veins. Infection caused by this trematode is also known as bilharziasis. The disease has been or continues to be present in African countries and some Asian countries such as Iran, Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, southern Portugal, Greece, and especially Egypt. The entry of Schistosoma haematobium heads into the skin begins with local symptoms, known as swimmers itch, and is more common in people who are in some form of contact with ambient water. The infection affects the kidneys, ureters, bladder and genitals. In endemic geographical areas, schistosomiasis has been implicated as an etiological factor in the pathogenesis of bladder, colon and kidney cancers, especially bladder cancer occurring in such geographical locations almost two decades earlier than in non-native areas. The urinary type of this disease can also cause prostate cancer.
Material and Methodes: In this study, the websites of PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase were searched and related articles were reviewed.
Results: In this study, the effects of host endocrine system, hormonal imbalance caused by schistosomiasis, as well as the effect of epigenetic changes in the host genome on this parasitic infection and its association with bladder cancer were investigated. The association of schistosome egg soluble antigens with prostate carcinogenesis was also noted.
Conclusion: Studies show that schistosomiasis can lead to bladder cancer. But there was not adequate evidence available for prostate cancer and this parasitic infection.
​Isolation and Identification of Different Fungal Species from Major Kharif Vegetables of Sindh Province, Pakistan
Authors: Pahnwar S. , Khaskheli M.I. , Khaskheli A.J. , Wagan K.H. , Thebho G.M. , Khaskheli A.A. , Khaskheli S.A. , Jiskani A.M. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Altenaria species are posing major threat to vegetable crops nowadays, thus it is of utmost importance to identify its different species, so that potential control measures may be explored. Methods: The isolation and identification of different fungi was conducted from major Kharif vegetables, tomato, chilli and eggplant. Samples showing typical symptoms of fruit rot and leaf spot were collected from fields and then pathogens were isolated and identified at laboratory using standard procedures. Result: The total of 07 fungal species, Alternaria alternata, A. solani, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Fusarium oxysporum, Pencillium sp. and Rhizopus stolonifer isolated from tomato fruit rot. Similarly, 07 fungi viz; A. alternata, A. tenuissima, A. flavus, A. niger, Colletotrichum capisi, Penicillium sp. and R. stolonifer from chilli fruit rot and 06 fungi viz; A. alternata, A. flavus, A. niger, F. solani, Penicillium sp. and R. stolonifer from eggplant leaf spots were isolated. Significantly highest infection frequency was recorded for A. solani (48.83%) and A. tenuissima (44%) from tomato and chilli fruit rot, respectively. From eggplant leaf spot it was significantly highest for A. alternata (34.5%). Study concludes that 03 species, A. solani, A. tenuissima and A. alternata, dominantly damaged tomato, chilli fruits and eggplant leaves.
Мурманчанами их звали, или участие польских солдат в русской гражданской войне на далёком севере (1918–1919)
Authors: Radziwiłłowicz Dariusz 
Published: August 2021

Подразделение польских войск в северной России было сформировано на Кольском полуострове в районе Мурманска на основе соглашения, подписанного в Москве 1 июля 1918 года с представителями коалиции. Только там тогда находились подразделения коалиции, которые могли стать базой для снабжения и организации польских отрядов. Подразделение было одним из первых польских формирований, которые начали снова организовываться после битвы под Каневым (11 мая 1918) и капитуляции I Корпуса (V–VI 1918). Уже в июне 1918 года солдат из разгромленных польских корпусов стали направлять в район Мурманска.Подразделение с мая 1919 года принимало активное участие в боях с большевиками. Осенью этого года в связи с политической ситуацией Великобритания приняла решение покинуть северную Россию. Подразделение вернулось с фронта в Архангельск, откуда 20 сентября отплыло на пароходе в Гданьск. В январе 1920 года оно было включено как III батальон в состав 64 пехотного полка, в рядах которого приняло участие в польско-большевистской войне.
Dance in Indian culture: A cosmic manifestation of divine creation and a path to liberation
Authors: Simoncelli Adriana 
Published: August 2021

Dance is a human cultural activity aimed at non-verbal emotional communication, mentioned for the first time in the circle of European culture by Homer in the Iliad (8th/7th century BC). In Indian culture — the most extensive one of four contemporary civilizations of antiquity (next to Egyptian, Mesopotamian, and Chinese), whose cradle is the Indus Valley Civilization — the first material evidence of the presence of dance is dated between 2300–1750 BC. It is a bronze statuette of a dancing girl, making us aware of the fact that this type of activity has accompanied people since the dawn of time, regardless of their origin and cultural affiliation. India and its oldest religion, Hinduism, have made this art highly prized because of its original, pure spiritual character.
The first treatise entirely devoted to dance, entitled Natyashastra (Treatise on Performing Arts), was written according to tradition between the 2nd century BC and the 2nd century AD, although many premises indicate that its beginnings date back to the 5th century BC, and the final version — to around 5th century AD. Its author was Bharata Muni, an ancient sage, theatrologist and musicologist who allegedly received knowledge of arts from the god Brahma himself to create a symbolic representation of the world which, by showing good and evil, would persuade both the viewers and the performers to act ethically. From Natyashastra it appears that dance was created by the gods for their worship. In its most original form, dance grew out of the sacrificial ritual, hence the knowledge of it was secret, highly codified and communicated in strict confidentiality. The patron of the dance and its divine performer par excellence is the god Shiva in the aspect of Nataraja (Lord of the Dance), who in one image combines god as the creator, protector and destroyer of the universe, while simultaneously containing the Indian concept of an endless time cycle. Accurate recreation of the mythical dance initiated by Shiva guarantees that the faithful achieve salvation by overcoming sin, ignorance, and laziness represented by the demon Apasmara, on whom the god treads in a dancing trance.
For the Indian Hindu culture dance has a highly important ritualistic and mystical meaning, hence it is also present along with music and singing, which is a melodic recitation of sacred verses, in all literature, from the Vedas (sacred books of Hinduism), through encyclopedic Puranas, to epics such as Mahabharata and Ramayana. Dance is indispensable to the theater as well as visual and audiovisual arts, brings relief to those in mourning and sorrow, leads to liberation from samsara (the wheel of incarnations), and is a reflection of divinity in its purest, most dynamic manifestation: movement. Thanks to dance being a rejection of oneself, entering a mystical trance, one can connect with the Absolute here on Earth and experience divinity.
Research on female humor to the accompaniment of not-always-serious music and some alcohol — based on the Laskowik & Malicki program
Authors: Ślęzak Ligia 
Published: August 2021

The article contains a description of the entertainment TV program Laskowik & Malicki. It is an event combining cabaret and music, with performances from two artistic groups: Kabareciarnia Laskowika and The Philharmonic of Wit. The author stresses the topics of feminity, music and alcohol, as well as finds moralizing and educational value in the performances.
PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK MENIRAN (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) TERHADAP GAMBARAN HISTOPATOLOGI INFUNDIBULUM AYAM PETELUR YANG DIINFEKSI Escherichia coli
Authors: Irawan Adinda Riezki , Sabdoningrum Emy Koestanti , Hidanah Sri , Chusniati Sri , Madyawati Sri Pantja , Tehupuring Benjamin Christoffel 
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this research aimed to prove the effect of meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) on layer hen infected with Escherichia coli to reduce inflammation and congestion on infundibulum histopathological view. This research used 20 samples of layer hen. The treatment in this research was P0- (not infected with Esherichia coli and did not treated with meniran(Phyllanthus niruri Linn)), P0+ (infected with Escherichia coli and did not treated with meniran(Phyllanthus niruri Linn)), P1 (infected with Escherichia coli and treated with 10% meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn)), P2 (infected with Escherichia coli and treated with 20% meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn)), P3 (infected with Escherichia coli and treated with 30% meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn)). The data of this study analyzed by Kruskal-wallis and followed with Mann-withney test. The result of this research can be concluded that 10% concentration of meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) was effective to eliminate Escherichia coli, 20% concentration of meniran extract (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) able to promote antibacterial activity, and 30% concentration of meniran extract shown antibacterial rate on high potential so it can be used to reduce inflammation and congestion as the result of Escherichia coli infection.
Investigation of TGF-β1 gene variant and expression in a group of Iranian women with endometriosis
Authors: Babaei Mahdokht , Sarhangi Negar , Shahrabi-Farahani Maryam , Sharifi Farshad , Alipor Majid , Aminimoghaddam Soheila , M.Amoli Mahsa 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Endometriosis is defined as a common gynecologic and inflammatory disease. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) gene and its protein level might play a role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The present study aimed for the first time to assess the associations between endometriosis risk and − 509 C/T (rs1800469) variant of the TGF-β1 gene as well as TGF-β1 mRNA expression in eutopic endometrium tissue of patients with and without endometriosis among a group of Iranian women.
Methods

Genotyping was carried out in 100 endometriosis patients (cases) with confirmed histological diagnosis of endometriosis and 197 non-endometriosis subjects (controls). The expression level of TGF-β1 mRNA was determined using Real-Time PCR assay in 15 eutopic endometrium tissue of women with endometriosis and 15 healthy controls.
Results

There was a significant association for allele and genotype frequencies of rs1800469 variant and endometriosis i. No significant difference for TGF-β1 expression was observed between eutopic endometrium of patients and healthy group. Also, evaluation of TGF-β1expression across the menstrual cycle showed the same level of TGF-β1 among cases and controls subjects.
Conclusion

Our investigations indicated enough evidence for the effect of TGF-β1 gene polymorphism on endometriosis risk in an Iranian population. Furthermore, we could not find any relations between TGF-β1 mRNA expression and susceptibility to endometriosis.
The Effect of Different Salinity Levels on Chloride Cells of Periophthalmus Waltoni’s Epidermis in Connection with NA + / K + / ATPase ion Transporter and NA + / K + / 2CL Cotransporter using Immunohistochemistry Technique
Authors: Morovvati Hassan , Farahani Mina Amiri , Hesari Ali Kalantari , Esfandiyari Kaveh , Babaei Mohammad 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: The NA+ / K+ / ATPase and NA+ / K+ / 2CL cotransporter are two types of ions transporting proteins that are active in the secretion of chloride in bony fish. So, the level and activity of these transporting proteins are expected to increase in saline water. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different salinity levels on chloride cells of Periophthalmus waltoni’s epidermis in connection with NA+ / K+ / ATPase ion transporter and NA+ / K+ / 2CL cotransporter using immunohistochemistry technique.Results: Simultaneous localization of NA+ / K+ / ATPase and NA+ / K+ / 2CL cotransporter showed that both were simultaneously present in epidermal ion cells and were able to react to different salinity levels. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the model that states, NA+ / K+ / ATPase and NA+ / K+ / 2CL cotransporters are responsible for the secretion of chloride from the chloride cells of bony fish.