bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Short Stature Syndromes: Case Series from India
Authors: Panigrahi Inusha , Kaur Parminder , Chaudhry Chakshu , Shariq Mohd , Naorem Devika D. , Gowtham B.C. , Kaur Anupriya , Dayal Devi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSyndromes causing short stature include Noonan syndrome (NS), Williams syndrome, and Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS). SRS is a primordial dwarfism with genetic heterogeneity. The SRS children present with prenatal growth retardation, neonatal hypoglycemia, feeding difficulties, physical asymmetry, with scoliosis and cardiac defect in some cases. The incidence is up to 1 in 100,000. Uniparental disomy, methylation abnormalities, and variants in some genes have been found underlying such phenotype. Growth hormone therapy has been used to improve the height gain in these patients. NS has genetic heterogeneity and most patients present with short stature with or without cardiac defect. Multiple genetic variants, mostly autosomal dominant, contribute to the phenotype. With the availability of next-generation sequencing, more and more genetic disorders causing short stature are being identified in different ethnic populations like Kabuki syndrome and Nance–Horan syndrome. Here, we present some cases of SRS and other additional syndromes with dysmorphism seen in past 5 years.
Robotic-Assisted Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Reduces Components' Positioning Differences among High- and Low-Volume Surgeons
Authors: Matassi Fabrizio , Innocenti Matteo , Giabbani Niccolò , Sani Giacomo , Cozzi Lepri Andrea , Piolanti Nicola , Civinini Roberto 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRobotic-assisted medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (mUKA) has been introduced to improve accuracy in implant positioning and limb alignment, overcoming the reported high failure rates of conventional UKA. Indeed, mUKA is a technically challenging procedure strongly related to surgeons' skills and expertise. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the likelihood of robotic-assisted surgery in reducing the variability of coronal and sagittal component positioning between high- and low-volume surgeons. We evaluated a prospective cohort of 161 robotic mUKA implanted between May 2018 and December 2019 at two high-volume robotic centers. Patients were divided into two groups: patients operated by “high-volume” (group A) or “low-volume” (group B) surgeons. We recorded intraoperative lower-limb alignment, component positioning, and surgical timing. Postoperatively, every patient underwent a radiographical protocol to assess coronal and sagittal femoral/tibial component alignment. Range of motion and other clinical outcomes were assessed pre- and 12 months postoperatively by using oxford knee score, forgotten joint score, and visual analog scale. Of 161 recruited knees, 149 (A: 101; B: 48) were available for radiographic analysis at 1 month, and clinical evaluation at 12 months. No clinical difference neither difference in mechanical alignment nor coronal/sagittal component positioning were found (p > 0.05). A significant difference was recorded in surgical timing (A: 57 minutes; B: 86 minutes; p < 0.05). No superficial or deep infections or other major complications have been developed during the follow-up. Robotics surgery in mUKA confirmed its value in improving the reproducibility of such technical procedure, with satisfactory clinical outcomes. Moreover, it almost eliminates any possible differences in component positioning, and lower limb alignment among low-and high- volume knee surgeons.
Do Patient Expectations of Discharge Affect Length of Stay after Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap for Breast Reconstruction?
Authors: Bamba Ravinder , Wiebe Jordan E. , Ingersol Christopher A. , Dawson Steven , Sinha Mithun , Cohen Adam C. , Hartman Brett C. , Lester Mary E. , Hassanein Aladdin H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap is a common method of breast reconstruction. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) postoperative protocols have been used to optimize patient outcomes and facilitate shorter hospital stays. The effect of patient expectations on length of stay (LOS) after DIEP has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether patient expectations affect LOS.
Methods A retrospective chart review was performed for patients undergoing DIEP flaps for breast reconstruction from 2017 to 2020. All patients were managed with the same ERAS protocol. Patients were divided in Group I (early expectations) and Group II (standard expectations). Group I patients had expectations set for discharge postoperative day (POD) 2 for unilateral DIEP and POD 3 for bilateral DIEP. Group II patients were given expectations for POD 3 to 4 for unilateral DIEP and POD 4 to 5 for bilateral. The primary outcome variable was LOS.
Results The study included 215 DIEP flaps (45 unilateral and 85 bilateral). The average age was 49.8 years old, and the average body mass index (BMI) was 31.4. Group I (early expectations) included 56 patients (24 unilateral DIEPs, 32 bilateral). Group II (standard expectations) had 74 patients (21 unilateral, 53 bilateral). LOS for unilateral DIEP was 2.9 days for Group I compared with 3.7 days for Group II (p = 0.004). Group I bilateral DIEP patients had LOS of 3.5 days compared with 3.9 days for Group II (p = 0.02). Immediate timing of DIEP (Group I 42.9 vs. Group II 52.7%) and BMI (Group I 32.1 vs. Group II 30.8) were similar (p = 0.25).
Conclusion Our study found significantly shorter hospital stay after DIEP flap for patients who expected an earlier discharge date despite similar patient characteristics and uniform ERAS protocol. Patient expectations should be considered during patient counseling and as a confounding variable when analyzing ERAS protocols.
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Genes and Their Related Epilepsies
Authors: Brafa Musicoro Viviana , Sortino Vincenzo , Pecora Giulia , Tosto Monica , Lo Bianco Manuela , Soma Rachele , Romano Catia , Falsaperla Raffaele , Praticò Andrea D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractGamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA-A) receptor subunit gene mutations, which include GABRA1, GABRB3, GABRD, and GABRG2, are often involved in several genetic epilepsy syndromes and other neuropsychiatric diseases like autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and anxiety. GABA-A are ligand-gated ionic channels, and are involved firstly in the fast inhibitory synaptic transmission of the central nervous system. The GABA receptors include the ionotropic GABA-A and GABA-C receptors and the metabotropic GABA-B receptors. According to the site in which mutations occur, they cause disorders in channel opening, “lock-and-pull” receptor system functioning, and capable of causing a specific epilepsy phenotype. The aim of this article is to summarize the most recent literature findings, considering genetic mutations, clinical features, genotype/phenotype correlation, and therapy about neurodevelopment diseases correlated to GABA receptors dysfunction, in particular epilepsy. According to our findings, we conclude that further mutation analysis could permit genotype–phenotype correlation and give more information about the best efficient treatment, even if—at present—more clinical and genetic studies are necessary.
Analytic results for scalar-mediated Higgs boson production in association with two jets
Authors: Budge Lucy , Campbell John M , Ellis R Keith , Seth Satyajit 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present compact analytic formulae for all one-loop amplitudes representing the production of a Higgs boson in association with two jets, mediated by a colour triplet scalar particle. Many of the integral coefficients present for scalar mediators are identical to the case when a massive fermion circulates in the loop, reflecting a close relationship between the two theories. The calculation is used to study Higgs boson production in association with two jets in a simplified supersymmetry (SUSY) scenario in which the dominant additional contributions arise from loops of top squarks. The results presented here facilitate an indirect search for top squarks in this channel, by a precision measurement of the corresponding cross section. However, we find that the potential for improved discrimination between the Standard Model and SUSY cases suggested by the pattern of results in the one- and two-jet samples is unlikely to be realized due to the loss in statistical power compared to an inclusive analysis.
The kinks in charge radii across N = 82 and 126 revisited
Authors: Bhuyan M , Maheshwari B , Kassim H A , Yusof N , Patra S K , Carlson B V , Stevenson P D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We revisit the studies of the isotopic shift in the charge radii of even–even isotopes of Sn and Pb nuclei at N = 82, and 126, respectively, within the relativistic mean-field (RMF) and relativistic-Hartree–Bogoliubov (RHB) approach. The shell model is also used to estimate isotopic shift in these nuclei, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The ground state single-particle energies (SPEs) are calculated for non-linear NL3 and NL3* and density-dependent DD-ME2 parameter sets compared with the experimental data, wherever available. We establish a correlation between the filling of single-particle levels and the isotopic shift in occupation probabilities. The obtained SPE from the RMF and RHB approaches are in line with those used in the shell model and experimental data for both the Sn and Pb isotopic chains. The shell model calculated isotopic shift agrees with RMF and RHB approaches that explain the experimental data quite well in case the of Pb nuclei beyond N=126.
A dilated inception CNN-LSTM network for fetal heart rate estimation
Authors: Fotiadou E , van Sloun R J G , van Laar J O E H , Vullings R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective. Fetal heart rate (HR) monitoring is routinely used during pregnancy and labor to assess fetal well-being. The noninvasive fetal electrocardiogram (ECG), obtained by electrodes on the maternal abdomen, is a promising alternative to standard fetal monitoring. Subtraction of the maternal ECG from the abdominal measurements results in fetal ECG signals, in which the fetal HR can be determined typically through R-peak detection. However, the low signal-to-noise ratio and the nonstationary nature of the fetal ECG make R-peak detection a challenging task. Approach. We propose an alternative approach that instead of performing R-peak detection employs deep learning to directly determine the fetal HR from the extracted fetal ECG signals. We introduce a combination of dilated inception convolutional neural networks (CNN) with long short-term memory networks to capture both short-term and long-term temporal dynamics of the fetal HR. The robustness of the method is reinforced by a separate CNN-based classifier that estimates the reliability of the outcome. Main results. Our method achieved a positive percent agreement (within 10% of the actual fetal HR value) of 97.3% on a dataset recorded during labor and 99.6% on set-A of the 2013 Physionet/Computing in Cardiology Challenge exceeding top-performing state-of-the-art algorithms from the literature. Significance. The proposed method can potentially improve the accuracy and robustness of fetal HR extraction in clinical practice.
Design of model-free reinforcement learning control for tunable vibration absorber system based on magnetorheological elastomer
Authors: Park Jae-Eun , Lee Jaeyoung , Kim Young-Keun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel model-free reinforcement learning (RL) for vibration control of a magnetorheological elastomer (MRE)-based application. Because the modeling of the MRE stiffness is nonlinear and time-varying depending on various environmental factors, this paper approached the MRE control issue via a model-free learning based method. In this study, an RL model is designed for the MRE-based tunable vibration absorber (TVA) which can control the optimal stiffness of MRE to maximize the vibration suppression. The designed RL algorithm continuously learns and updates the optimal control input of the MRE stiffness adaptively to the dynamic environment without using any prior knowledge of the MRE modeling. From analyzing the mechanism of MRE TVA, the RL algorithm and parameters are carefully designed for a high vibration performance. Also, this study proposed several ideas to make the RL model simpler and converge at a high rate. The experiments confirmed that the proposed RL model showed a rapid convergence to the optimal policy which could minimize the vibration level with respect to the dynamic excitation disturbance. Results showed that the RL model had a similar performance as the conventional tuning method and suppressed the vibration level as much as 57% compared to the one without the controller. Also, the proposed RL algorithm was able to estimate the actual dynamics of the MRE TVA by learning from the environment. Thus, this study showed the feasibility of implementing a model-free RL model to realize an adaptive controller for applications based on highly nonlinear MRE.
Diffusiophoresis driven colloidal manipulation and shortcuts to adiabaticity
Authors: Bayati Parvin , Trizac Emmanuel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
While compressing a colloidal state by optical means alone has been previously achieved through a specific time-dependence of the trap stiffness, realizing quickly the reverse transformation stumbles upon the necessity of a transiently expulsive trap. To circumvent this difficulty, we propose to drive the colloids by a combination of optical trapping and diffusiophoretic forces, both time-dependent. Forcing via diffusiophoresis is enforced by controlling the salt concentration at the boundary of the domain where the colloids are confined. The method takes advantage of the separation of time scales between salt and colloidal dynamics, and realizes a fast decompression in an optical trap that remains confining at all times. We thereby obtain a so-called shortcut to adiabaticity protocol where colloidal dynamics, enslaved to salt dynamics, can nevertheless be controlled as desired.
Systematic studies on a decay half-lives of neptunium isotopes
Authors: Zou You-Tian , Pan Xiao , Liu Hong-Ming , Wu Xi-Jun , He Biao , Li Xiao-Hua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In the present work, we systematically study the α decay half-lives of neptunium (Z = 93) isotopes within a one-parameter model (OPM). The calculated results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. Noticeably, the recently measured α decay half-life value of

380

−
110

+
260

ns for 222Np [Phys. Rev. Lett.
125, 032 502 (2020)] has been fairly reproduced by the OPM as 780 ns within a factor of ≈2. In addition, we extend this model to predict α decay half-lives of neptunium isotopes whose α decay is energetically allowed or observed but not yet quantified in NUBASE2016. Meanwhile, it is found that the half-life between the neutron number N = 126 and N = 128 in Np drop sharply, this result shows that the N = 126 shell closure is still very robust at Z = 93. At last, α particle preformation probability

P

α

extd

are extracted in two cases with α transition orbital angular momentum l = 0 and l = 1, we find a amazing phenomenon that the

P

α

extd

are basically the same for α transition with the same orbital angular momentum l.
Baryon isocurvature constraints on the primordial hypermagnetic fields
Authors: Kamada Kohei , Uchida Fumio , Yokoyama Jun'ichi 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It has been pointed out that hypermagnetic helicity decay at the electroweak symmetry breaking may have produced the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe through the chiral anomaly in the standard model of particle physics. Although fully helical magnetic field that can adequately produce the observed baryon asymmetry is not strong enough to explain the origin of the intergalactic magnetic field inferred by the Fermi satellite, the mixture of helical and nonhelical primordial magnetic fields may explain both baryogenesis and the intergalactic magnetic fields simultaneously. We first show that such a scenario is ruled out by the constraint on the amplitude of baryon isocurvature perturbations produced by the primordial magnetic fields to avoid overproduction of deuterium at the big bang nucleosynthesis. Then we show that any attempt to explain the origin of intergalactic magnetic field by primordial magnetogenesis before the electroweak symmetry breaking does not work due to the above constraint irrespective of the helicity and baryogenesis mechanism.
Bumblebee gravity and particle motion in Snyder noncommutative spacetime structures
Authors: Kumar Jha Sohan , Barman Himangshu , Rahaman Anisur 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A metric with a Lorentz violating parameter is associated with the
bumblebee gravity model. We study the motion of a particle in this
bumblebee background where the dynamical variables satisfy
non-canonical Snyder algebra along with some critical survey on
the classical observations in the bumblebee background to see how
these would likely differ from Schwarzschild background. It has
been found that the perihelion shift acquires a generalized
expression with two independent parameters. One of these two is
connected with the Lorentz violating factor and the other is
involved in the Snyder algebraic formulation. We also observe that
the time period of revolution, in general, acquires a Lorentz
violating factor in the bumblebee background, however, for the
circular orbit, it remains unchanged even in the presence of the
Lorentz violating factor in the bumblebee background. The
parameters used here can be constrained with the same type of
conjecture used earlier.
Half-cycle waveform control for producing a broad and intense harmonic spectral continuum and an isolated attosecond pulse
Authors: Feng Liqiang , Mccain John , Qiao Yan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An effective method to control the half-cycle harmonic emission process through the combination of multiple laser beams is proposed. The control process can be separated into three steps. In the first step, by properly choosing the chirp and the chirp delay of the fundamental pulse the relevant negative and positive half-cycle waveform for extending the harmonic cutoff can be obtained. In the second step, using either an asymmetric inhomogeneous field or a half-cycle unipolar pulse, the harmonic cutoff from the negative or the positive half-cycle waveform can be further extended. In the third step, by properly adding an ultraviolet pulse, the harmonic yield can be enhanced due to ultraviolet resonance ionization. Finally, by superposing some harmonics on the harmonic spectra, a number of isolated attosecond pulses shorter than 70 as can be obtained.
Multi-objective data-driven optimization for improving deep brain stimulation in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Connolly Mark J , Cole Eric R , Isbaine Faical , de Hemptinne Coralie , Starr Phillip A , Willie Jon T , Gross Robert E , Miocinovic Svjetlana 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) but its success depends on a time-consuming process of trial-and-error to identify the optimal stimulation settings for each individual patient. Data-driven optimization algorithms have been proposed to efficiently find the stimulation setting that maximizes a quantitative biomarker of symptom relief. However, these algorithms cannot efficiently take into account stimulation settings that may control symptoms but also cause side effects. Here we demonstrate how multi-objective data-driven optimization can be used to find the optimal trade-off between maximizing symptom relief and minimizing side effects. Approach. Cortical and motor evoked potential data collected from PD patients during intraoperative stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus were used to construct a framework for designing and prototyping data-driven multi-objective optimization algorithms. Using this framework, we explored how these techniques can be applied clinically, and characterized the design features critical for solving this optimization problem. Our two optimization objectives were to maximize cortical evoked potentials, a putative biomarker of therapeutic benefit, and to minimize motor potentials, a biomarker of motor side effects. Main Results. Using this in silico design framework, we demonstrated how the optimal trade-off between two objectives can substantially reduce the stimulation parameter space by 61 ± 19%. The best algorithm for identifying the optimal trade-off between the two objectives was a Bayesian optimization approach with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of up to 0.94 ± 0.02, which was possible with the use of a surrogate model and a well-tuned acquisition function to efficiently select which stimulation settings to sample. Significance. These findings show that multi-objective optimization is a promising approach for identifying the optimal trade-off between symptom relief and side effects in DBS. Moreover, these approaches can be readily extended to newly discovered biomarkers, adapted to DBS for disorders beyond PD, and can scale with the development of more complex DBS devices.
Plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition of Zn-doped GaP
Authors: Uvarov A V , Gudovskikh A S , Baranov A I , Morozov I A , Kudryashov D A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The formation of p-type GaP by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition at a temperature of 380 °C has been studied. The incorporation of Zn impurity was detected by the method of glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GDOES). Strong band bending was confirmed by electrical measurements performed for the p-n homojunctions formed by deposition of p-GaP on the surface of n-type GaP substrates, which indicates the acceptor behavior of the impurity. It has been shown that p-type GaP deposited by PE-ALD can be used to form photovoltaic converters.
Near-field magneto-photoluminescence of GaAs/AlGaAs/InP/GaInP2 quantum well-quantum dot structures
Authors: Afanasev K M , Vlasov A S , Lebedev D V , Rakhlin M V , Galimov A I , Toropov A A , Bert N , Nevedomskiy V N , Mintairov S A , Kalyuzhnyy N A , Saly R A , Mintairov A M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This work presents the results of the growth, structural characterization and magneto-photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements of GaAs/AlGaAs/InP/GaInP2 quantum well-quantum dot structures. We demonstrate that GaAs/AlGaAs QDs in these structures are formed above InP/GaInP2 QDs. This allows us to measure the internal magnetic field in the InP/GaInP2 QD by monitoring the Zeeman splitting of the excitonic transition in the GaAs/AlGaAs QD.
Effects of dissipative electron tunneling manifested in the photocurrent of a GaAs p-i-n photodiode with a double InAs quantum dot layer
Authors: Krevchik V D , Semenov M B , Shorokhov A V , Filatov D O , Baidus N V , Marychev M O , Shkurinov A P , Timoshenko V Yu , Krevchik P V , Zhurina A E , Saburova D A , Antonov I S , Semenov I M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We report on the results of experimental studies of the photocurrent (PC) of photodiodes based on GaAs p-i-n structures with InAs/GaAs(001) double asymmetric quantum dot (DAQD) arrays obtained by self-assembling in the process of low-pressure metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (LP-MOVPE). Three peaks were observed in the dependence of the PC on the reverse bias, measured under photoexcitation with a photon energy equal to the energy of the interband ground state transition in larger InAs QDs. These peaks were attributed to photoexcitation of electrons from the ground hole states in larger QDs into the ground electron states followed by resonant dissipative (with absorption or emission of optical phonons) and conservative tunneling into the GaAs conduction band via the ground electron states in smaller QDs. The PC dependence on the bias voltage agrees qualitatively with the theoretical field dependence of the probability of 1D dissipative tunneling between the QDs.