bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1418 Non-Operative Versus Operative Management for Blunt Pancreatic Trauma in Adults: A Systematic Review of The Literature
Authors: Al-Saadi N , Froghi S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aim
Pancreatic injury, a rare consequence of blunt abdominal trauma, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality when the appropriate management is delayed. Due to the rarity of the injury, there is currently a lack of evidence to establish a treatment pathway for adults. The aim of this review was to compare outcomes following non-operative and operative management of adults who suffered blunt pancreatic trauma injuries.

Method
An electronic literature search was performed from 2008 to 2020. Studies pertaining to adults sustaining blunt pancreatic injuries, of all grades (I-V) of severity, according to the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma, were included. The primary outcome was mortality, whilst secondary outcomes were components of pancreas specific morbidity. 1501 studies were initially identified and screened, and 11 studies were included in the review.

Results
Qualitative analysis showed an increase risk of mortality with increased severity of injury, and in the operative group compared to non-operative group. All patients who were haemodynamically unstable underwent immediate operative management, whereas the management strategy for patients with haemodynamic stability differed between the studies and depended on either the grade of injury, presence of other organ injury, or failure of initial management strategy.

Conclusions
This systematic review largely reaffirmed accepted practice in determining operative versus non-operative treatment for blunt pancreatic injury. Larger institutional analyses are required to add strength to the evidence supporting non-operative management for grade III or IV injuries with appropriate monitoring and subsequent intervention if required.
Early response to upfront neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CAPOX) alone in low- and intermediate-risk rectal cancer: a single-arm phase II trial
Authors: Deng Xiangbing , Wu Qingbin , Bi Liang , Yu Yongyang , Huang Shuo , He Du , Wu Bing , Gou Hongfeng , Meng Wenjian , Qiu Meng , He Yazhou , Wang Ziqiang 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
With local recurrence of rectal cancer continuing to decrease, distant recurrence is becoming a major concern, especially for patients with low- and intermediate-risk stage II/III rectal cancer. Therefore, a new treatment strategy is warranted for these patients. This single-arm phase II trial aimed to assess the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in low- and intermediate-risk stage II/III rectal cancer and explore candidate radiological and clinical parameters for early prediction of tumour response after two cycles of CAPOX.

Methods
Patients with mid–low stage II/III rectal cancer with low and intermediate risk were examined. The primary outcome was defined as a clinicopathological response by integrating tumour longitudinal length reduction (TLLR) on MRI into pathological tumour regression grade (TRG). After completing NCT, patients with TRG0–2 and TRG3 with a TLLR rate greater than 30 per cent were considered to be responders. Secondary outcomes included pathological complete response (pCR), adverse events and local and distant recurrence.

Results
This study enrolled 61 eligible patients. No patient was converted to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy owing to tumour progression. The clinicopathological response and pCR rates were 78.7 and 21.3 per cent respectively. After two cycles of CAPOX, TLLR, TRG on MRI, and mucosal lesion regression grade on endoscopy had potential discriminative ability (area under the curve greater than 0.7) for predicting both clinicopathological and pathological response.

Conclusion
NCT alone achieves good tumour response rates in patients with low- and intermediate-risk stage II/III rectal cancer, and predicting tumour response to NCT is feasible at an early treatment phase.

Registration number
NCT03666442 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Expression of 4E-BP1 in juvenile mice alleviates mTOR-induced neuronal dysfunction and epilepsy
Authors: Nguyen Lena H , Xu Youfen , Mahadeo Travorn , Zhang Longbo , Lin Tiffany V , Born Heather A , Anderson Anne E , Bordey Angélique 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway during foetal neurodevelopment alters neuron structure and function, leading to focal malformation of cortical development and intractable epilepsy. Recent evidence suggests a role for dysregulated cap-dependent translation downstream of mTOR signalling in the formation of focal malformation of cortical development and seizures. However, it is unknown whether modifying translation once the developmental pathologies are established can reverse neuronal abnormalities and seizures. Addressing these issues is crucial with regards to therapeutics because these neurodevelopmental disorders are predominantly diagnosed during childhood, when patients present with symptoms. Here, we report increased phosphorylation of the mTOR effector and translational repressor, 4E-BP1, in patient focal malformation of cortical development tissue and in a mouse model of focal malformation of cortical development. Using temporally regulated conditional gene expression systems, we found that expression of a constitutively active form of 4E-BP1 that resists phosphorylation by focal malformation of cortical development in juvenile mice reduced neuronal cytomegaly and corrected several neuronal electrophysiological alterations, including depolarized resting membrane potential, irregular firing pattern and aberrant expression of HCN4 ion channels. Further, 4E-BP1 expression in juvenile focal malformation of cortical development mice after epilepsy onset resulted in improved cortical spectral activity and decreased spontaneous seizure frequency in adults. Overall, our study uncovered a remarkable plasticity of the juvenile brain that facilitates novel therapeutic opportunities to treat focal malformation of cortical development-related epilepsy during childhood with potentially long-lasting effects in adults.
Mechanistic Analysis of Micro-Neurocircuits Underlying the Epileptogenic Zone in Focal Cortical Dysplasia Patients
Authors: Cheng Lipeng , Xing Yue , Zhang Herui , Liu Ru , Lai Huanling , Piao Yueshan , Wang Wei , Yan Xiaoming , Li Xiaonan , Wang Jiaoyang , Li Donghong , Loh Horace H , Yu Tao , Zhang Guojun , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We aim to explore the microscopic neurophysiology of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) induced epileptogenesis in specific macroscopic brain regions, therefore mapping a micro–macro neuronal network that potentially indicates the epileptogenic mechanism. Epileptic and relatively non-epileptic temporal neocortex specimens were resected from FCD and mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) patients, respectively. Whole-cell patch-clamping was performed on cells from the seizure onset zone (SOZ) and non-SOZ inside the epileptogenic zone (EZ) of FCD patients, as well as the non-epileptic neocortex of mTLE patients. Microscopic data were recorded, including membrane characteristics, spontaneous synaptic activities, and evoked action potentials. Immunohistochemistry was also performed on parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons. We found that SOZ interneurons exhibited abnormal neuronal expression and distribution as well as reduced overall function compared with non-SOZ and mTLE interneurons. The SOZ pyramidal cells experienced higher excitation but lower inhibition than the mTLE controls, whereas the non-SOZ pyramidal cells exhibited intermediate excitability. Action potential properties of both types of neurons also suggested more synchronized neuronal activity inside the EZ, particularly inside the SOZ. Together, our research provides evidence for a potential neurocircuit underlying SOZ epileptogenesis and non-SOZ seizure susceptibility. Further investigation of this microscopic network may promote understanding of the mechanism of FCD-induced epileptogenesis.
Abnormal network properties and fiber connections of DMN across major mental disorders: a probability tracing and graph theory study
Authors: Pan Yunzhi , Liu Zhening , Xue Zhimin , Sheng Yaoyao , Cai Yan , Cheng Yixin , Chen Xudong 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) is related to brain functions and its abnormalities were associated with mental disorders’ pathophysiology. To further understand the common and distinct DMN alterations across disorders, we capitalized on the probability tracing method and graph theory to analyze the role of DMN across three major mental disorders. A total of 399 participants (156 schizophrenia [SCZ], 90 bipolar disorder [BP], 58 major depression disorder [MDD], and 95 healthy controls [HC]) completed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-scanning, clinical, and cognitive assessment. The MRI preprocessing of diffusion-tensor-imaging was conducted in FMRIB Software Library and probabilistic fiber tracking was applied by PANDA. This study had three main findings. First, patient groups showed significantly lower cluster coefficient in whole-brain compared with HC. SCZ showed significantly longer characteristic path compared with HC. Second, patient groups showed inter-group specificity in abnormalities of DMN connections. Third, SCZ was sensitive to left_medial_superior_frontal_gyrus (L_SFGmed)-right_anterior_cingulate_gyrus (R_ACG) connection relating to positive symptoms; left_ACG-right_ACG connection was the mania’s antagonistic factor in BP. This trans-diagnostic study found disorder-specific structural abnormalities in the fiber connection of R_SFGmed-L_SFGmed-R_ACG_L_ACG within DMN, where SCZ showed more disconnections compared with other disorders. And these connections are diagnosis-specifically correlated to phenotypes. The current study may provide further evidence of shared and distinct endo-phenotypes across psychopathology.
UHPLC-DAD Method Development and Validation: Degradation Kinetic, Stress Studies of Farnesol and Characterization of Degradation Products Using LC-QTOF-ESI-MS with in silico Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity Predictions
Authors: Moinuddin Shaik Khaja , Gajbhiye Rahul L , Mehta Pakhuri , Sarmah Bhaskar , Murty Upadhyayula Suryanarayana , Ravichandiran V , Samudrala Pavan Kumar , Alexander Amit , Kumar Pramod 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Farnesol (FAR) is a sesquiterpene molecule with high lipophilicity that has antibacterial and other pharmacological properties along with broad nutritional values with high commercial values. Although having potential, FAR stability behavior and degradation kinetics are not available in the literature. Hence, it is very essential to develop a simple, rapid, accurate, precise, robust, cheap UHPLC-DAD method for FAR. It was also proposed to study mechanistic insights into FAR under different degradation conditions. Therefore, we hypothesized to do systematic stability studies along with degradation kinetic and accelerated stability studies. The developed method was validated. FAR was studied for stress studies, degradation kinetics and ADMET prediction of degradants. Degradation products were characterized using LC-QTOF-ESI-MS. Developed method consists of an isocratic mobile phase with a wavelength of 215 nm. The percent recoveries for FAR were observed within the acceptance limit of 98–102%. The eight major degradation products were formed during stress studies. FAR follows first-order degradation kinetics. FAR and all degradants were found to have more than 75% good human oral absorption, and are non-toxic. FAR UHPLC-DAD method was developed, validated and performed stability studies to know the possible degradation pattern along with degradation kinetic studies.
Severity, Criticality, and Fatality of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Beta Variant
Authors: Abu-Raddad Laith J , Chemaitelly Hiam , Ayoub Houssein H , Yassine Hadi M , Benslimane Fatiha M , Al Khatib Hebah A , Tang Patrick , Hasan Mohammad R , Coyle Peter , AlMukdad Sawsan , Al Kanaani Zaina , Al Kuwari Einas , Jeremijenko Andrew , Kaleeckal Anvar Hassan , Latif Ali Nizar , Shaik Riyazuddin Mohammad , Abdul Rahim Hanan F , Nasrallah Gheyath K , Al Kuwari Mohamed Ghaith , Butt Adeel A , Al Romaihi Hamad Eid , Al-Thani Mohamed H , Al Khal Abdullatif , Bertollini Roberto 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Beta (B.1.351)–variant coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease was investigated in Qatar. Compared with the Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant, odds (95% confidence interval) of progressing to severe disease, critical disease, and COVID-19–related death were 1.24-fold (1.11–1.39), 1.49-fold (1.13–1.97), and 1.57-fold (1.03–2.43) higher, respectively, for the Beta variant.
Pattern Matching Model for Recognition of Stone Inscription Characters
Authors: Devi K Durga , Maheswari P Uma , Polasi Phani Kumar , Preetha R , Vidhyalakshmi M 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs there are countless significant works done for handwritten character recognition, very meager effort has been reported for inscription characters especially for Tamil stone inscriptions. The real challenge faced in handling stone inscription is dataset collection and foreground and background discrimination. Till present days, the archeological department follows traditional way of capturing, preserving and deciphering stone inscriptions which is manual, more time consuming and need expert assistance. Hence digitized recognition is essential and efficient pattern matching algorithm is needed to be developed to deal with variations in shape and size of complex structured characters present in Tamil stone inscriptions. In this paper, an automated character recognition by pattern matching approach is developed, where character features were extracted by using pattern matching algorithm that helps achieving good recognition rate. Recognition of ancient Tamil stone inscriptions characters and finding their corresponding contemporary Tamil character is done by Image-based Character Pattern Identification (ICPI) system. Modified Speeded Up Robust Feature with Bag of Grapheme (MSURF-BoG) algorithm is implemented to detect the strongest key points from the input character with different orientations. These key point features were created for training the image as a model called Bag of Grapheme (BoG) with code word creation. Hence unsupervised key point features were extracted and pattern matching is performed. 11th century Tamil stone inscriptions were taken as samples which has 7 vowels and 17 consonants, totally 24 characters were used. Here samples with different orientation from each 24 character were used for training the system. The proposed system is evaluated by recognition accuracy which is reported for character wise at the maximum of 96%.
An Incremental Hierarchical Clustering Based System For Record Linkage In E-Commerce Domain
Authors: Gözükara Furkan , Özel Selma Ayşe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this study, a novel record linkage system for E-commerce products is presented. Our system aims to cluster the same products that are crawled from different E-commerce websites into the same cluster. The proposed system achieves a very high success rate by combining both semi-supervised and unsupervised approaches. Unlike the previously proposed systems in the literature, neither a training set nor structured corpora are necessary. The core of the system is based on Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC); however, the HAC algorithm is modified to be dynamic such that it can efficiently cluster a stream of incoming new data. Since the proposed system does not depend on any prior data, it can cluster new products. The system uses bag-of-words representation of the product titles, employs a single distance metric, exploits multiple domain-based attributes and does not depend on the characteristics of the natural language used in the product records. To our knowledge, there is no commonly used tool or technique to measure the quality of a clustering task. Therefore in this study, we use ELKI (Environment for Developing KDD-Applications Supported by Index-Structures), an open-source data mining software, for performance measurement of the clustering methods; and show how to use ELKI for this purpose. To evaluate our system, we collect our own dataset and make it publicly available to researchers who study E-commerce product clustering. Our proposed system achieves 96.25% F-Measure according to our experimental analysis. The other state-of-the-art clustering systems obtain the best 89.12% F-Measure.
Ogfod1 deletion increases cardiac beta-alanine levels and protects mice against ischaemia– reperfusion injury
Authors: Harris Michael , Sun Junhui , Keeran Karen , Aponte Angel , Singh Komudi , Springer Danielle , Gucek Marjan , Pirooznia Mehdi , Cockman Matthew E , Murphy Elizabeth , Kennedy Leslie M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Aims
Prolyl hydroxylation is a post-translational modification that regulates protein stability, turnover, and activity. The proteins that catalyze prolyl hydroxylation belong to the 2-oxoglutarate- and iron-dependent oxygenase family of proteins. 2-oxoglutarate- and iron-dependent oxygenase domain-containing protein 1 (Ogfod1), which hydroxylates a proline in ribosomal protein s23 is a newly described member of this family. The aims of this study were to investigate roles for Ogfod1 in the heart, and in the heart’s response to stress.

Methods and results
We isolated hearts from wild-type (WT) and Ogfod1 knockout (KO) mice and performed quantitative proteomics using tandem mass Tag labelling coupled to liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify protein changes. Ingenuity pathway analysis identified ‘Urate Biosynthesis/Inosine 5′-phosphate Degradation’ and ‘Purine Nucleotides Degradation II (Aerobic)’ as the most significantly enriched pathways. We performed metabolomics analysis and found that both purine and pyrimidine pathways were altered with the purine nucleotide inosine 5′-monophosphate showing a 3.5-fold enrichment in KO hearts (P = 0.011) and the pyrimidine catabolism product beta-alanine showing a 1.7-fold enrichment in KO hearts (P = 0.014). As changes in these pathways have been shown to contribute to cardioprotection, we subjected isolated perfused hearts to ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R). KO hearts showed a 41.4% decrease in infarct size and a 34% improvement in cardiac function compared to WT hearts. This protection was also evident in an in vivo I/R model. Additionally, our data show that treating isolated perfused WT hearts with carnosine, a metabolite of beta-alanine, improved protection in the context of I/R injury, whereas treating KO hearts with carnosine had no impact on recovery of function or infarct size.

Conclusions
Taken together, these data show that Ogfod1 deletion alters the myocardial proteome and metabolome to confer protection against I/R injury.
Early Reduction in MM-SES-CD Score After Initiation of Biologic Therapy is Highly Specific for 1-year Endoscopic Remission in Moderate to Severe Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Narula Neeraj , Wong Emily C L , Colombel Jean-Frederic , Sandborn William J , Ferrante Marc , Marshall John K , Reinisch Walter , Dulai Parambir S 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
This study evaluated the minimal clinically important short-term improvement in the Modified Multiplier Simple Endoscopic Score for crohn’s Disease [MM-SES-CD], a novel modified scoring system of the SES-CD, which reliably predicted 1-year endoscopic remission [ER].

Methods
This post-hoc analysis of two CD clinical trial programmes pooled data of 198 participants with baseline ulcers and SES-CD ≥3, who had baseline, post-induction [8–12 weeks], and 1-year endoscopic assessments. Different cut-off values for endoscopic response were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curves, positive likelihood ratios [PLR], and negative likelihood ratios [NLR]. ER [SES-CD &lt;3] was the binary classifier in all cases. A distribution of cut-offs minimising NLR and maximising PLR was created with 10 000 bootstrapped resamples. An optimal cut-point for low and high probability of 1-year ER was determined based on the maximum Youden Index.

Results
MM-SES-CD ≥40% reduction from baseline was selected as the cut-off maximising PLR and minimising NLR. Among 7.6% [15/198] participants achieving this cut-off post-induction, 1-year ER was 46.7%. One-year ER was 16.9% among those not achieving this cut-off. This threshold predicted 1-year ER with 95.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 90.4%–97.8%) specificity and a PLR of 3.7 [95% CI 1.4–9.5], which was higher than traditional endoscopic response criteria of SES-CD ≥50% reduction [specificity 62.5%, 95% CI 54.5%–70.0%; PLR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4–2.5]. Lower thresholds of MM-SES-CD reduction also were highly specific for 1-year ER [e.g., MM-SES-CD ≥20% reduction was achieved in 19.7% of patients with 83.1% specificity].

Conclusions
In CD patients, post-induction endoscopic response defined by MM-SES-CD ≥40% reduction from baseline identified patients most likely to achieve 1-year ER.
Impact of Anti-tumour Necrosis Factor Agents on the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis: Nationwide French Cohort Study
Authors: Charkaoui Maeva , Hajage David , Tubach Florence , Beaugerie Laurent , Kirchgesner Julien 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
Patients with ulcerative colitis [UC] are at increased risk of colorectal cancer. Anti-tumour necrosis factor agents [anti-TNF] aim to reduce chronic colonic inflammation and may lower the risk of colorectal cancer [CRC], but the impact of anti-TNF exposure has not yet been assessed in population-based cohort studies. The aim of this nationwide study was to assess the risk of CRC in patients with UC exposed to anti-TNF.

Methods
Based on the French health insurance database, patients aged 18 years or older with a diagnosis of UC, previously exposed to or initiating immunosuppressive treatment, were followed from January 1, 2009, until December 31, 2018. The risk of CRC associated with anti-TNF exposure was assessed using marginal structural Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for baseline and time-varying comorbidities including primary sclerosing cholangitis, UC disease activity, colonoscopic surveillance, and other medications.

Results
Among 32 403 patients with UC, 15 542 [48.0%] were exposed to anti-TNF. During a median follow-up of 6.1 years [198 249 person-years], 246 incident CRC occurred (incidence rate per 1000 person-years, 1.24; 95% confidence intrval [CI], 1.10-1.41). Whereas the risk of CRC associated with anti-TNF exposure was not decreased in the overall group of patients with UC (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85; 95% CI, 0.58-1.26), anti-TNF exposure was associated with a decreased risk of CRC in patients with long-standing colitis [disease duration ≥10 years] [HR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.20-0.86].

Conclusions
In a nationwide cohort of patients with UC, anti-TNF exposure was associated with a decreased risk of CRC in patients with long-standing colitis.