bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Living with a child who has a life‐limiting condition: The functioning of well‐siblings and parents
Authors: Jaaniste Tiina , Cuganesan Anjali , Chin Wei Ling ( Audrey) , Tan Sarah Caellainn , Coombs Sandra , Heaton Maria , Cowan Sue , Aouad Phillip , Potter Denise , Smith Philippa Louise , Trethewie Susan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundLiving with a child who has a life‐limiting condition (LLC) is likely to have a major impact on all family members. There is a need to have a clearer understanding of the nature and extent of this impact on parents and well‐siblings. The current study aimed to investigate the psychosocial functioning of well‐siblings and parents living with a child with an LLC. Further, the study aimed to assess the resilience resources of both well‐siblings and parents, giving consideration to how these relate to psychosocial functioning.MethodsParticipants included 48 well‐siblings (6–21 years) and 42 parents of children with LLCs. Parents and well‐siblings independently completed validated measures of child and adult functioning and personal resilience. Parents provided demographic information about the patient and family.ResultsThe emotional, social and school functioning of well‐siblings in the current study was found to be significantly poorer than published norms (all p's < .01). Parental self‐reported depression, anxiety and stress scores were also all significantly poorer than published norms (all p's < .01). There was negligible agreement between well‐sibling self‐reported functioning and parental proxy‐report of the well‐siblings functioning (all r's < .126, all p's > .464). Sibling self‐reported resilience was positively correlated with each of the measures of psychosocial functioning (all r's > .318, p's < .05). Parental resilience was significantly negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (r = −.369, p < .05) and anxiety symptoms (r = −.473, p < .01) but not stress scores (r = −.074, p = .644).ConclusionFamily members living with a child who has an LLC were found to have significantly poorer psychosocial functioning than published norms. Although one cannot infer a causal direction from the current study, greater self‐reported well‐sibling and parental resilience were associated with aspects of better self‐reported psychosocial functioning. Future studies should assess the impact of psychosocial interventions aimed at enhancing the resilience and functioning of both well‐siblings and parents.
Retracted: Efficient ensemble to combat flash attacks
Authors: C.U Om Kumar , Sathia Bhama Ponsy R. K. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFlash event generates enormous traffic and the cloud service providers use sustaining techniques like scaling and content delivery network to up their services. One of the main bottlenecks that the cloud service providers still find difficult to tackle is flash attacks. Illegitimate users send craftily designed packets to land up inside the server for wreaking havoc. As deep learning autoencoder has the potential to detect malicious traffic it has been used in this research study to develop an ensemble. Convolutional neural network is efficacious in overcoming the issue of overfitting; deep autoencoder is proficient in extracting features through dimensionality reduction. In order to obtain both these advantages it was decided to develop an ensemble keeping denoising autoencoder as the core element. The process of addressing a flash attack requires first detecting the presence of bot in malicious traffic, second studying its nature by observing its behavioral manifestations. Detection of botnet was achieved by three ensembles, namely, DAE_CNN, DAE_MLP, and DAE_XGB. But capturing its external manifested behavior is challenging, because the bot signatures are always in a state of flux. The simulated empirical study yielded an appreciable outcome. Its accuracy rate was 99.9% for all the three models and the false positive rates were 0, 0.006, and 0.001, respectively.
Children with problem drinking parents in Sweden: Prevalence and risk of adverse consequences in a national cohort born in 2001
Authors: Ramstedt Mats , Raninen Jonas , Larm Peter , Livingston Michael 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo estimate the prevalence of children with problem drinking parents in Sweden and the extent to which they have an elevated risk of poor health, social relationships and school situation in comparison with other children.MethodsSurvey with a nationally representative sample of Swedish youth aged 15–16 years (n = 5576) was conducted in 2017. A short version of The Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST‐6) was used to identify children with problem drinking parents. Health status, social relations and school situation were measured by well‐established measures. Overall prevalences for girls and boys were presented as well as relative risks (RR) of harm for children with problem drinking parents compared with other children.ResultsA total of 13.1% of the sample had at least one problem drinking parent during adolescence according to CAST‐6—a higher proportion of girls (15.4%) than boys (10.8%). This group had an elevated risk of poor general health as well psychosomatic problems compared with other children (RR 1.2–1.9). They were also more likely to use medication for depression, sleeping difficulties and anxiety (RR 2.2–2.6). Their social relations were also worse especially with their father (RR 3.1) and they had more problems at school (RR 2.6).Discussion and ConclusionsThe risk of problems related to parental drinking goes beyond the most severe cases where parents have been in treatment for their alcohol problem. This is important knowledge since the majority of problem drinkers never seek treatment and the major part of parental problem drinking is found in population samples.
Inflation expectations and consumption: Evidence from 1951
Authors: Binder Carola Conces , Brunet Gillian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe use rich microdata from the 1951 Survey of Consumer Finances to study inflation expectations and consumption during the Korean War, in an episode when monetary policy was constrained. We provide the first detailed analysis of consumer inflation expectations from that era. Using survey measures of actual and expected spending on durables, cars, and homes at extensive and intensive margins, we show that the difference between consumption in 1950 and expected consumption in 1951 increases with expected inflation. Effect sizes are modest, even though household balance sheets were healthy and inflation was salient.
Functional resin use in solitary bees
Authors: Chui Shao Xiong , Keller Alexander , Leonhardt Sara D. 
Published: November 2021

1. Overall, more than 30% of bee species depend on non‐floral resources, such as resin. However, the importance of resin in bee ecology, particularly for solitary bees, has received very little attention thus far.2. A plethora of loose natural history observations, inferences, and author opinions hint towards a striking range of uses of resin for nesting by bees. In this review, we focus on resin use in solitary bees and identify extant knowledge, knowledge gaps, and future research directions with regard to the functional use of resin in bee nesting biology.3. Resin use in solitary bee nests can be broadly grouped by functional roles for nest structure, chemical camouflage, defence, moisture regulation, and anti‐microbial properties. We point out that resin usage appears to be constrained by environmental and physiological factors. Bee species‐specific tolerances for resin toxicity and resin availability in the environment seem to determine resin choices and subsequently functional usage in nests. We finally highlight that resin may play a major role in determining the ambient nest microbiota, due to its strong antimicrobial properties. We conclude that a better mechanistic understanding of resin use in bee nesting biology can aid in assessing species range shifts in light of global change.
Low cost estimation of Wöhler and Goodman–Haigh curves of Ti‐6Al‐4V samples by considering the stress ratio effect
Authors: Toasa Caiza Paul Dario , Sire Stéphane , Ummenhofer Thomas , Uematsu Yoshihiko 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe stress ratio effect on the fatigue life of materials is a topic which have been studied by two different approaches. On the one hand, several experiments, performed under different stress ratios are necessary to estimate the corresponding Wöhler curves. Afterwards, these curves are considered to estimate the fatigue life under a particular stress range. On the other hand, fatigue failure criteria for fluctuating stress like the Goodman–Haigh relationship, are applied to estimate the stress amplitude for a constant fatigue life. Based on the Stüssi function, this paper presents a low cost model to estimate Wöhler curves and constant fatigue Goodman–Haigh diagrams. This procedure requires a set of tests performed under a particular stress ratio from LCF to HCF, and data from minimum two additional stress ranges for each subsequent stress ratio. An application on data from Ti‐6Al‐4V samples manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) is presented.
Adherence to international guidelines for the management ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection among gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows in Italy: A Survey of the Italian Federation of Digestive Diseases ‐ FISMAD
Authors: Zagari Rocco Maurizio , Romano Marco , Frazzoni Leonardo , Marasco Giovanni , Dajti Elton , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio , Armuzzi Alessandro , Biagi Federico , Cannizzaro Renato , Cavestro Giulia Martina , Ciacci Carolina , Monica Fabio , Peralta Sergio , Radaelli Franco , Bazzoli Franco 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundInformation on the management ofHelicobacter (H.) pyloriinfection by gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows are scarce. We aimed to assess practice of gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows and their adherence to guidelines for diagnosis and treatment ofH. pyloriinfection in Italy.Materials and MethodsAll gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows attending the National Congress of Digestive Diseases ‐ FISMAD were invited to fill‐in an on‐line questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on the diagnosis and treatment ofH. pyloriinfection.ResultsA total of 279 gastroenterologists and 61 gastroenterology fellows participated to the study. The13C‐urea breath test was the most preferred method among gastroenterologists and fellows for the diagnosis ofH. pyloriinfection (40.4% and 57.6%, respectively) and the confirmation of eradication (61.3% and 70%, respectively). Sequential therapy was the most preferred first‐line treatment ofH. pylorifor both gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows (31.8% and 44%, respectively), followed by bismuth quadruple therapy (31% and 27.6%, respectively) and clarithromycin triple therapy (26.8% and 22.4%, respectively). Only 30% of gastroenterologists and 38.5% of fellows used the clarithromycin triple therapy for the recommended duration of 14 days. Bismuth quadruple therapy was the most preferred second‐line therapy for both gastroenterologists and fellows. The majority of gastroenterologists and fellows would prefer an empirical therapy at third line (72.6% and 62.5%, respectively) and a susceptibility‐guided therapy at fourth line (46.7% and 71.4%, respectively).ConclusionsPractices of gastroenterologists and gastroenterology fellows are in line with guidelines’ recommendations, apart for the first‐line treatment ofH. pyloriinfection. Targeted educational interventions to improve adherence to guidelines are needed.
Development of novel reagents to chicken FLT3, XCR1 and CSF2R for the identification and characterization of avian conventional dendritic cells
Authors: Wu Zhiguang , Hu Tuanjun , Chintoan‐Uta Cosmin , Macdonald Joni , Stevens Mark P. , Sang Helen , Hume David A. , Kaiser Pete , Balic Adam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractConventional dendritic cells (cDC) are bone marrow‐derived immune cells that play a central role in linking innate and adaptive immunity. cDCs efficiently uptake, process and present antigen to naïve T cells, driving clonal expansion of antigen‐specific T‐cell responses. In chicken, vital reagents are lacking for the efficient and precise identification of cDCs. In this study, we have developed several novel reagents for the identification and characterization of chicken cDCs. Chicken FLT3 cDNA was cloned and a monoclonal antibody to cell surface FLT3 was generated. This antibody identified a distinct FLT3HI splenic subset which lack expression of signature markers for B cells, T cells or monocyte/macrophages. By combining anti‐FLT3 and CSF1R‐eGFP transgenic expression, three major populations within the mononuclear phagocyte system were identified in the spleen. The cDC1 subset of mammalian cDCs express the chemokine receptor XCR1. To characterize chicken cDCs, a synthetic chicken chemokine (C motif) ligand (XCL1) peptide conjugated to Alexa Fluor 647 was developed (XCL1AF647). Flow cytometry staining of XCL1AF647 on splenocytes showed that all chicken FLT3HI cells exclusively express XCR1, supporting the hypothesis that this population comprises bona fide chicken cDCs. Further analysis revealed that chicken cDCs expressed CSF1R but lacked the expression of CSF2R. Collectively, the cell surface phenotypes of chicken cDCs were partially conserved with mammalian XCR1+ cDC1, with distinct differences in CSF1R and CSF2R expression compared with mammalian orthologues. These original reagents allow the efficient identification of chicken cDCs to investigate their important roles in the chicken immunity and diseases.
ARB might be superior to ACEI for treatment of hypertensive COVID‐19 patients
Authors: Zhao Hong‐Jin , Li Yan , Wang De‐Yu , Yuan Hai‐Tao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe administration of ACEI/ARB (angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/Angiotension II receptor blockers) in COVID‐19 (coronavirus disease 2019) patients with hypertension exhibits a lower risk of mortality compared with ACEI/ARB non‐users. In this context, an important question arises: is ACEI or ARB more suitable for the treatment of hypertensive COVID‐19 patients? Taken into consideration the following four rationales, ARB may offer a more significant benefit than ACEI for the short‐term treatment of hypertensive COVID‐19 patients: 1. ACEI has no inhibition on non‐ACE‐mediated Ang II production under infection conditions, whereas ARB can function properly regardless of how Ang II is produced; 2. ACEI‐induced bradykinin accumulation may instigate severe ARDS while ARB has no effects on kinin metabolism; 3. ARB alleviates viscous sputa production and inflammatory reaction significantly in contrast to ACEI; 4. ARB may attenuate the lung fibrosis induced by mechanical ventilation in severe patients and improve their prognosis significantly compared with ACEI. To examine the advantages of ARB over ACEI on hypertensive COVID‐19 patients, retrospective case‐control studies comparing the clinical outcomes for COVID‐19 patients receiving ARB or ACEI treatment is strikingly needed in order to provide guidance for the clinical application.
Comparative study of the effects of thermal blanching pretreatments and puffing temperature levels on the microstructure and qualities of crisp banana slices
Authors: Tabtiang Surapit , Umroong Patcharee , Soponronnarit Somchart 
Published: November 2021

AbstractApplying a high‐temperature and short‐time (HTST) puffing techniques is one way to produce fat‐free crisp snacks. However, the crisp snack products obtained via HTST tend to be browner with some scorching on their surface but several thermal blanching pretreatments can be used to limit such surface browning. Therefore, in this study, the effects of thermal blanching pretreatments and puffing temperature levels on the microstructure, drying time, and the qualities of crisp banana were investigated. Banana slices (2.5 mm thickness) were blanched by hot water, steam, and microwave pretreatments as well as dried by hot air at temperature of 90°C combined with hot air puffing in temperature ranges 150–190°C. The blanching pretreatments significantly limited browning and improved the uniformity of crisp product color. The hot water or steam pretreatments caused pronounced cells damage and swelling of the cell wall region, whereas the microwave pretreatment may have increased the cell wall strength of banana. Such differences in morphological structure resulted in a larger volume ratio and more crisp texture for the hot water‐ or steam‐pretreated bananas, yet different results were also observed for the microwave‐pretreated banana. The longest processing time of 367.0 min was observed on the microwave‐pretreated sample coupled with the lowest puffing temperature, 150°C. Therefore, appropriate either a pretreatment with hot water or steam together with puffing temperature of 170°C is recommended for banana processing to make crisps.Practical ApplicationsThe Namwa banana is commonly consumed as a fresh banana but it also rapidly deteriorates after harvesting. Therefore, it has been processed using several drying techniques to extend its shelf life and increase its market value. Novel drying techniques such as high‐temperature and short‐time (HTST) puffing could produce fat‐free crisp snack, especially given that this economical drying process and simple drying equipment required are well suited to small‐ and medium‐manufacturing enterprises. Nevertheless, via HTST, the crisp banana product undergoes more intensive browning and becomes nonuniform in color. Thermal blanching pretreatments are also required for banana processing because these could limit the browning and improved the uniformity of crisp banana color. The information gained in this study should be useful for the development of thermal blanching‐assisted drying of crisp banana at the small‐ and medium‐enterprise scale of production.
Virtual Visits in Prenatal Care: An Integrative Review
Authors: Wu Katrina K. , Lopez Cristina , Nichols Michelle 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionAddressing gaps in access to prenatal care is an important step to reversing rising rates of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality and invites the exploration of innovative care models. This integrative review of published literature explores the patient, health care provider, and organizational experience of integrating virtual visits in prenatal care.MethodsA literature search to identify original studies and quality improvement projects published between 2010 and 2020 was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and Google Scholar using keywords associated with both telemedicine and prenatal care. Inclusion criteria specified articles pertaining to synchronous virtual visits between pregnant patients and health care providers, and articles were excluded if visits were not pregnancy‐centric or pertaining to telemonitoring or mobile applications. Reference lists of identified reviews were screened, and a hand search of 4 applicable journals was also conducted. Findings were organized according to the factors of the social ecological model: individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy.ResultsThe search identified 2666 articles after duplicates were removed, of which 13 met all criteria. Findings across these 13 articles indicated strong patient and health care provider satisfaction with virtual care related to cost savings and convenience, with clinic wait times and cancellation rates also improving. Health care provider input and thoughtful organizational planning were key to a smooth telemedicine implementation process. There were notably no significant differences in clinical outcomes for those who used virtual care.DiscussionAlthough data are limited, offering an integrated model that uses both virtual visits and in‐person visits has been well‐received by patients and health care providers and could improve access to care well into the future. Virtual visits in prenatal care have been well‐received by patients and health care providers, showing promise as an emerging model for improving access to care.
Biological and methodological complexities of beta‐amyloid peptide: Implications for Alzheimer’s disease research
Authors: Matuszyk Martyna M. , Garwood Claire J. , Ferraiuolo Laura , Simpson Julie E. , Staniforth Rosemary A. , Wharton Stephen B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough controversial, the amyloid cascade hypothesis remains central to the Alzheimer's disease (AD) field and posits amyloid‐beta (Aβ) as the central factor initiating disease onset. In recent years, there has been an increase in emphasis on studying the role of low molecular weight aggregates, such as oligomers, which are suggested to be more neurotoxic than fibrillary Aβ. Other Aβ isoforms, such as truncated Aβ, have also been implicated in disease. However, developing a clear understanding of AD pathogenesis has been hampered by the complexity of Aβ biochemistry in vitro and in vivo. This review explores factors contributing to the lack of consistency in experimental approaches taken to model Aβ aggregation and toxicity and provides an overview of the different techniques available to analyse Aβ, such as electron and atomic force microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, dye‐based assays, size exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry and SDS‐PAGE. The review also explores how different types of Aβ can influence Aβ aggregation and toxicity, leading to variation in experimental outcomes, further highlighting the need for standardisation in Aβ preparations and methods used in current research.
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Baja California: The origin of the transition
Authors: Salado Íñiguez Alejandra Leonor , Muñoz Pedraza Abel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn Mexico, democratic processes at the subnational level follow a different logic than at the national level. This article covers the state of Baja California as the epicenter of alternation and political change at the executive level of Mexican states. The goal is to describe and identify factors that influenced political liberalization, as well as the illiberal structures and practices that remain. The Bonilla Law shows how a political elite that has recently taken power uses economic and media resources to co‐opt institutions.