bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying HbA1c trajectories and modifiable risk factors of trajectories in 5‐ to 9‐year‐olds with recent‐onset type 1 diabetes from the United States
Authors: Patton Susana R. , Feldman Keith , Majidi Shideh , Noser Amy , Clements Mark A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo explore glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) patterns in 5‐ to 9‐year‐olds in the recent‐onset period of type 1 diabetes and identify parent psychosocial factors that may predict children's HbA1c trajectory using a prospective, longitudinal design.Research design and methodsWe measured family demographics and parent psychosocial factors at baseline. We collected HbA1c levels from children every 3 months for up to 30 months. Deriving several features around HbA1c trends, we used k‐means clustering to group trajectories and linear and logistic regressions to identify parent psychosocial predictors of children's HbA1c trajectories.ResultsThe final cohort included 106 families (48 boys, mean child age 7.50 ± 1.35 years and mean diabetes duration 4.71 ± 3.19 months). We identified four unique HbA1c trajectories in children: high increasing, high stable, intermediate increasing and low stable. Compared to a low stable trajectory, increasing parent‐reported hypoglycaemia fear total score was associated with decreased odds of having a high stable or intermediate increasing trajectory. Increasing parent‐reported diabetes‐specific family conflict total score was associated with increased odds of having a high stable or intermediate increasing trajectory.ConclusionsWe are the first to identify distinct HbA1c trajectories in 5‐ to 9‐year‐olds with recent‐onset type 1 diabetes as well as parent psychosocial factors that may predict high stable or increasing trajectories and could represent future treatment targets.
Neurophysiology of embodied mental rotation: Event‐related potentials in a mental rotation task with human bodies as compared to alphanumeric stimuli
Authors: Krause Daniel , Richert Benjamin , Weigelt Matthias 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe present study examines if the neural signature of information processing in mental rotation tasks is moderated by stimulus characteristics (e.g., body‐related vs. non‐body‐related stimuli). In the present experiment, stimulus sets of human figures (back view; left vs. right arm abduction) and alphanumeric characters (‘R’; normal vs. mirrored view) were scrutinized with event‐related potentials (ERPs) in the electroencephalography (EEG). Participants had to judge parity between an upright (0° orientation) and a comparison stimulus (stimulus disparity; 0°, 45°, 90°, 135° or 180°). There was a main effect of stimulus disparity for the behavioural (response time and error rates), as well as for the neural data (rotation‐related negativity, RRN). The interaction of stimulus disparity and stimulus type was significant for the RRN, but not for the response time. Lower RRN amplitudes for letters indicate a more pronounced use of alternative processes (e.g., memory retrieval), which seems to be reflected in higher N350 amplitudes. Moreover, the increase of the RRN amplitude and the increase in response time as a function of disparity were positively correlated. Task differences were evident for several ERP components (i.e., N150, P150 and N250), being independent of disparity, which might reflect differences in early and late object cognition prior to the mental rotation process itself. This might be associated with the task‐dependent activation of embodied cognition processes in mental rotation tasks.
Cohesive stress and fiber pullout behavior in fracture response of concrete with steel and macropolypropylene hybrid fiber blends
Authors: Bhogone Manjunath V. , Pazhankave Silpa S. , Subramaniam Kolluru V. L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe fracture behavior of concrete with steel and macropolypropylene hybrid fiber blends (HyFRC) is evaluated and compared with steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). Fiber blends at identical volume fraction as SFRC are shown to produce an improvement in the fracture response. At small crack separation, immediately after cracking, higher cohesive stress is produced in HyFRC compared to SFRC. Polypropylene fibers in concrete contribute cohesive stresses at larger crack separation. Polypropylene fibers in the concrete matrix improve the efficiency of the steel fibers by mobilizing a higher resistance at the initiation of the pullout. The initial stiffness, peak load, and the residual frictional resistance of the steel fiber pullout are increased with the addition of the polypropylene fibers. The higher reinforcing efficiency of steel fibers in the presence of polypropylene fibers is due to improved fiber–matrix bond, which results in a higher cohesive stress at smaller crack openings.
Do exotic poeciliids affect the distribution or trophic niche of native fishes? Absence of evidence from Hong Kong streams
Authors: Tsang Alphonse Hin Fat , Dudgeon David 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Exotic poeciliids have been reported to reduce abundance and richness of native fishes and, more generally, constrain the trophic niches of native counterparts. However, understanding of the consequences of poeciliids on native fishes in tropical streams is limited.

We conducted a survey of lowland streams in Hong Kong during 2018–19 to document the prevalence of poeciliids and look for signs that they had affected the distribution of native fishes. Overall, 31 native and 15 exotic fishes were recorded during the survey. Exotics occurred at 37 out of 45 survey sites, with poeciliids present at 35 sites. Richness of poeciliids or other exotic fishes had no correlation with the number of native species at each site. Moreover, native fish assemblages appeared unaffected by poeciliids, which might reflect a legacy of stream pollution.

By comparing nine streams where the presence and composition of poeciliids varied, we investigated whether the mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) alone, and in combination with the guppy (Poecilia reticulata), swordtail (Xiphophorus hellerii), and variable platy (Xiphophorus variatus), affected the trophic niche of native half‐banded barb (Puntius semifasciolatus: Cyprinidae) which has a similar body size to the poeciliids, as quantified by gut content and stable‐isotope analysis. We also tested whether the trophic niche of the mosquitofish was affected by the three other poeciliids.

Gut‐content analysis indicated that the half‐handed barb fed on aquatic invertebrates, while the mosquitofish ate mainly terrestrial insects. The three other poeciliids were predominately primary consumers.

The mosquitofish, alone or in combination with other poeciliids, had no detectable effects on the dietary or isotopic niche of the barb, nor was the niche of the mosquitofish influenced by the presence of other poeciliids. Limited dietary overlap and differences in microhabitat use were likely to account for the absence of a detectable niche shift by the barb where poeciliids were present.
Making powder aerosol deposition accessible for small amounts: A novel and modular approach to produce dense ceramic films
Authors: Exner Jörg , Linz Mario , Kita Jaroslaw , Moos Ralf 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPowder aerosol deposition is a promising technique to deposit dense ceramic films directly at room temperature. While previous developments pointed towards larger and more complex deposition devices, this work follows a different approach and proposes a simplified and miniaturized coating device (denoted as Micro‐PAD, µPAD). The aim is twofold: creating a smaller and flexible device consisting of an aerosol generation unit and a deposition chamber with a combined low areal footprint of 30 cm by 20 cm (that, e.g., easily fits in a glove box) as well as lowering the hurdle for other researchers to use the powder aerosol deposition. Therefore, we introduce a device mainly based on commercially available components/connectors as well as manual operated valves/flow meters. A key point is the elimination of moving components by just using a spot deposition that was enabled by using a circular de‐Laval‐type nozzle.The operational capability of µPAD is proven for the deposition of alumina films and compared to conventional PAD in terms of mechanical, crystalline, and optical film properties. Thick films with a bell‐shape‐like profile are deposited by µPAD, featuring a plateau in the center of the film with a diameter of 5 mm and a FWHM (full width at half maximum) diameter of about 10 mm. Alumina films produced by µPAD do not only match the properties of corresponding PAD films, but oftentimes outperform them. Here, µPAD films exhibit increased hardness and optical transmittance values, surpassing reference values of the conventional sprayed counterparts by at least 10%. Also, film integrity and adhesion to the substrate are slightly higher in case of µPAD. Reasons for the improved film properties are found by X‐ray diffraction, with a significantly higher fracturing of impacting particles during µPAD combined with improved film consolidation as observed by SEM. Furthermore, µPAD featured doubled to tripled the deposition rates and, markedly almost doubled the deposition efficiency.
A comparable study of the EPR spectra and local structures for 3d1‐ and 3d9‐doped halo‐borate glasses
Authors: Ding Chang‐Chun , Chu Xiao‐Hong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe spin Hamiltonian parameters (SHPs) of Cu2+‐doped halo‐glasses PbX2–PbO–B2O3 (X = F and Br) are investigated by means of the perturbation method where the impact of the halides and the local structure of the dopants, that is, the [CuO6]10− clusters suffering the tetragonal elongation distortions, is involved. By comparing with the obtained results of the 3d1 system (VO2+), Cu2+ and V4+ are complementary state, which show opposite distortions. Furthermore, the d‐d transition bands and the sign of anisotropy g factors also show whole opposite concentration variation trends with similar fluctuations due to the increase of non‐bridging oxygen (NBO). The values of the optical basicity Λth referring to the Pauling electronegativity, whose influence on E1 and g factors are also discussed. The above correlations would be beneficial to analyze and predict the properties of analogous borate glasses and ceramics when doped with different transition metal ions.
Neutrophil–T cell crosstalk in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Kvedaraite Egle 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeutrophils are the most abundant leucocytes in human blood, promptly recruited to the site of tissue injury, where they orchestrate inflammation and tissue repair. The multifaceted functions of neutrophils have been more appreciated during the recent decade, and these cells are now recognized as sophisticated and essential players in infection, cancer and chronic inflammatory diseases. Consequently, our understanding of the role of neutrophils in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), their immune responses and their ability to shape adaptive immunity in the gut have been recognized. Here, current knowledge on neutrophil responses in IBD and their capacity to influence T cells are summarized with an emphasis on the role of these cells in human disease.
Impact of dermal matrix thickness on split‐thickness skin graft survival and wound contraction in a single‐stage procedure
Authors: Kemp Bohan Phillip M. , Cooper Laura E. , Fletcher John L. , Corkins Christopher J. , Natesan Shanmugasundaram , Aden James K. , Carlsson Anders , Chan Rodney K. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOptimal treatment of full‐thickness skin injuries requires dermal and epidermal replacement. To spare donor dermis, dermal substitutes can be used ahead of split‐thickness skin graft (STSG) application. However, this two‐stage procedure requires an additional general anaesthetic, often prolongs hospitalisation, and increases outpatient services. Although a few case series have described successful single‐stage reconstructions, with application of both STSG and dermal substitute at the index operation, we have little understanding of how the physical characteristics of dermal substitutes affects the success of a single‐stage procedure. Here, we evaluated several dermal substitutes to optimise single‐stage skin replacement in a preclinical porcine model. A porcine full‐thickness excisional wound model was used to evaluate the following dermal substitutes: autologous dermal graft (ADG; thicknesses 0.15‐0.60 mm), Integra (0.4‐0.8 mm), Alloderm (0.9‐1.6 mm), and chitosan‐based hydrogel (0.1‐0.2 mm). After excision, each wound was treated with either a dermal substitute followed by STSG or STSG alone (control). Endpoints included graft take at postoperative days (PODs) 7 and 14, wound closure at POD 28, and wound contracture from POD 28‐120. Graft take was highest in the STSG alone and hydrogel groups at POD 14 (86.9% ± 19.5% and 81.3% ± 12.3%, respectively; P < .001). There were no differences in graft take at POD 7 or in wound closure at POD 28, though highest rates of wound closure were seen in the STSG alone and hydrogel groups (93.6% ± 9.1% and 99.8% ± 0.5%, respectively). ADG‐treated wounds demonstrated the least amount of wound contracture at each time point. Increase dermal substitute thickness was associated with worse percent graft take at PODs 14 and 28 (Spearman ρ of −0.50 and −0.45, respectively; P < .001). In this preclinical single‐stage skin reconstruction model, thinner ADG and hydrogel dermal substitutes outperformed thicker dermal substitutes. Both substitute thickness and composition affect treatment success. Further preclinical and clinical studies to optimise this treatment modality are warranted.
Phase development of phosphate‐bonded Al2O3‐MgAl2O4 high‐temperature ceramics: XRD and solid‐state NMR investigations
Authors: Hahn Dominik , Masoudi Alavi Ali , Hopp Vanessa , Quirmbach Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article describes investigations on the phase development (T ≤ 1500℃) of phosphate‐bonded Al2O3‐MgAl2O4 high‐temperature ceramics by a combination of solid‐state MAS NMR and X‐ray diffraction analyses. The ceramic body was bonded with inorganic hydrogen orthophosphates (Al, Mg, Ca, Zr) with a total binder content of 3 wt.% P2O5. The binding mechanisms of these phosphate‐bonded ceramics could be extensively deduced by analyses of phase developments during hardening, strength development, and high‐temperature phase formation at T ≤ 1500℃: The formation of a network of aluminum phosphate compounds by acid and condensation reactions of the phosphate with the ceramic body is proven to be the active binding process. The binding process is initiated by the formation of active phosphoric acid phosphate phases, which in principle prerequisites water solubility of the binder. Thermal treatment, especially at T ≤ 600℃, promotes the degree of P‐cross‐linking of the phosphate structures. In addition to these phosphate‐ceramic reactions, it was also possible to identify parallel pure phosphate–phosphate conversions of the initial phosphates (via condensation and polymerization) without reactions with ceramic components. The contribution of these structures to the binding effect can be estimated to be minor. Only at temperatures of T ≥ 600℃, these Ca, Mg and Zr phosphates begin to react with the ceramic material to form aluminum phosphates. The phosphate bond has a permanent effect until the formation of the ceramic bond (T > 1000℃). High‐temperature phases are usually crystalline PO4‐sintered structures which are formed by reaction with MgAl2O4.
Attitudes towards sexuality and related caregiver support of people with intellectual disabilities: A systematic review on the perspectives of people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: de Wit Wouter , van Oorsouw Wietske M. W. J. , Embregts Petri J. C. M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundSexual health remains at risk for people with an intellectual disability. Attitudes towards sexuality, its support and education have an important role in promoting sexual health. The current review aims to provide an overview of the current research on supportive and restrictive attitudes towards sexuality and its support of people with intellectual disabilities themselves.MethodA systematic review was conducted, searching across eight databases. The quality of the studies was assessed with the Mixed‐Method Appraisal Tool.ResultsSix themes emerged from the data: sexual behaviour, sexual identity, intimate relationships, barriers to sexual expression, sex education and support by caregivers. Supportive and restrictive attitudes were reported throughout.ConclusionsAttitudes regarding sexuality of people with intellectual disabilities are heterogeneous and people with intellectual disabilities seem to be able to express their sexual desires, needs and attitudes. Findings allow for improved individual support and in‐depth research questions.
Paid carers' understanding and experiences of meaningful involvement in bereavement for people with intellectual disability when a significant other is dying
Authors: Hedayioglu Julie , Marsden Sue , Sackree Amy , Oliver David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundWider communication about death and dying for those with intellectual disabilities has been highlighted as being of key importance.ObjectiveTo gain the perspective of paid carers based in residential homes about meaningfully supporting individuals with intellectual disabilities in the bereavement process.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with paid carers working across two residential homes.ResultsFour themes were identified: (a) challenges in having conversations about death and dying; (b) meaningful involvement of residents in the bereavement process; (c) the relationship between paid carers and residents (including the impact of a resident's death on paid carers); and (d) the support needs of paid carers.ConclusionsThe recommendations from previous research of meaningfully involving people with intellectual disabilities in the bereavement process have not filtered fully into practice. Paid carers still highlight the need for specialist support and advice to help them discuss and increase involvement in death and dying.
Access to post‐acute care services reduces emergency department utilisation among individuals insured by Medicaid: An observational study
Authors: Brom Heather , Anusiewicz Colleen V. , Udoeyo Idorenyin , Chittams Jesse , Brooks Carthon J. Margo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAims and objectivesWe examined whether access to post‐acute care services differed between individuals insured by Medicaid and commercial insurers and whether those differences explained emergency department utilisation 30 days post‐hospitalisation.BackgroundTimely follow‐up to community‐based providers is a strategy to improve post‐hospitalisation outcomes. However, little is known regarding the influence of post‐acute care services on the likelihood of emergency department use post‐hospitalisation for individuals insured by Medicaid.DesignWe conducted a retrospective observational study of electronic health record data from an academic medical centre in a large northeastern urban setting. The STROBE checklist was used in reporting this observational study.MethodsOur analysis included adults insured by Medicaid or commercial insurers who were discharged from medical services between 1 August–31 October 2017 (n = 785). Logistic regression models were used to examine the effects of post‐acute care services (primary care, home health, specialty care) on the odds of an emergency department visit.ResultsPost‐hospitalisation, 12% (n = 59) of individuals insured by Medicaid experienced an emergency department visit compared to 4.2% (n = 13) of individuals commercially insured. Having Medicaid insurance was associated with higher odds of emergency department visits post‐hospitalisation (OR = 3.24). Having a home care visit or specialty care visit within 30 days post‐discharge were significant predictors of lower odds of emergency department visits. Specific to specialty care visits, Medicaid was no longer a significant predictor of emergency department visits with specialty care being more influential (OR = 0.01).ConclusionsImproving connections to appropriate post‐acute care services, specifically specialty care, may improve outcomes among individuals insured by Medicaid.Relevance to clinical practiceHospital‐based nurses, including those in direct care, case management and discharge planning, play an important role in facilitating referrals and scheduling appointments prior to discharge. Individuals insured by Medicaid may require additional support in accessing these services and nurses are well‐positioned to facilitate care continuity.
Oral health status and behavior in elderly Koreans with periodontal disease
Authors: Lee Sae‐Rom , Han Mi Ah , Park Jong , Ryu So Yeon , Kim So Yeong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate oral health status and oral health behaviors in elderly Koreans with periodontal disease.MethodsThe data of the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2018) were used. This cross‐sectional study included 2981 individuals who were at least 65 years of age. Periodontal disease was assessed in oral health exams. Subjective oral health status (e.g., toothache) and oral health behaviors (e.g., tooth brushing and oral health examination) were assessed in health interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi‐square tests, and logistic regression.ResultsThe overall prevalence of periodontal disease in the study population was 47.5%. Individuals with periodontal disease were more likely to have a toothache than those without periodontal disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.20–1.77). Individuals with periodontal disease were also more likely to have chewing discomfort (aOR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.01–1.44) and less likely to use oral hygiene products (aOR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.60–0.91) than those without periodontal disease.ConclusionsAbout half of elderly had the periodontal disease. Elderly Koreans with periodontal disease were more likely to have poor oral health and behavior than those without periodontal disease. The results of this study provide an insight into social and behavioral factors associated with periodontal diseases in older Koreans. It is necessary to confirm these results through prospective studies.
Superficial temporal axial pattern flap for facial reconstruction of skin defects in dogs and cats
Authors: de la Puerta B. , Buracco P. , Ladlow J. , Emmerson T. , Del Magno S. , Field E. , Baines S. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesReport the use, complications and outcome of the superficial temporal axial pattern flap (STA) when used for closure of skin defects localised to the maxillofacial region in dogs and cats.Materials and MethodsMulti‐centre retrospective cohort study. Medical records of dogs and cats treated with a STA flap for closure of skin defects were reviewed. Information regarding signalment, reason for axial pattern flap use, flap size, flap healing, postoperative complications including need for surgical revision and overall outcome were collected.ResultsNineteen patients were included: nine dogs and 10 cats. Indications for the STA flap included closure of defects following excision of tumours (18/19, 94.7%) and fungal granuloma resection (1/19, 5.2%). 100% flap survival occurred in 17 of 19 flaps (89.4%). Postoperative complications occurred in eight of 19 flaps (42.1%). A major complication of full thickness partial necrosis of the flap occurred in one of 19 cases (5.2%), where the flap length exceeded recommended guidelines. Minor complications related to the flap were seen in four of 19 cases (21%). This included partial thickness flap necrosis, flap oedema and wound discharge. Complications related to the location of surgery (5/19, 26.3%) included mild ectropion, mild exposure of the eye, reduced ability to blink and subcutaneous emphysema.Clinical SignificanceThe STA flap is a good option for closure of a skin defect localised to the maxillofacial region. STA flaps were associated with a high percentage of survival and a low incidence of major complications.