bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Native Fish Need A Natural Flow Regime
Authors: Pennock Casey A , Budy Phaedra , Macfarlane William W , Breen Matthew J , Jimenez Justin , Schmidt John C 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Water development has threatened the ecological integrity of riverine ecosystems. Increasing water demand, persistent drought, and climate change exacerbate the effects of habitat degradation and loss in altered systems such as the Colorado River basin. Today, biologists are challenged to identify management actions that benefit native fishes while not hindering water development or management. Herein, we discuss the importance of the natural flow regime for functioning riverine ecosystems and provide examples from four tributaries to the Green River, a major headwater branch of the Colorado River. These tributaries represent a gradient of impacts ranging from water abstraction to the point of complete seasonal desiccation to a relatively natural flow regime, and consequently have maintained different levels of instream habitat complexity and native fish persistence. Despite decades of management, endangered species lack self-sustaining populations and other native species have been extirpated from over half their ranges, which begs the question: can water development and fish conservation be balanced under current water laws and climate change-driven declines in runoff? Given the continued decline in freshwater biodiversity and abundance occurring across the globe, we contend that immediate designation of rivers with natural flow regimes as freshwater conservation areas will enhance native species recovery.
A Markov regime‐switching Cholesky GARCH model for directly estimating the dynamic of optimal hedge ratio
Authors: Lee Hsiang‐Tai 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA Markov regime‐switching Cholesky GARCH (RSCHAR) model is proposed for directly estimating the optimal hedge ratio. The basic structure of RSCHAR is to transform the original series into a vector of orthogonal factors using Cholesky decomposition and fit these factors with regime‐switching dynamics. RSCHAR specifies directly the regime‐switching dynamic of conditional hedge ratio instead of recovering it indirectly from the estimated conditional covariance matrix. An estimation procedure is proposed for estimating RSCHAR. The empirical results reveal that RSCHAR exhibits superior effectiveness for multiple futures hedging based on the criterion of variance reduction, lower partial moment, and model confidence set.
Basal ganglia atrophy–associated causal structural network degeneration in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Li Rong , Zou Ting , Wang Xuyang , Wang Hongyu , Hu Xiaofei , Xie Fangfang , Meng Li , Chen Huafu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by both motor and non‐motor symptoms. A convergent pathophysiological hallmark of PD is an early selective vulnerability within the basal ganglia circuit. However, the causal interactions between basal ganglia atrophy and progressive structural network alterations in PD remain unaddressed. Here, we adopted voxel‐based morphometry method to measure gray matter (GM) volume for each participant (n = 84 PD patients and n = 70 matched healthy controls). Patients were first divided into three stages according to the Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) and the Part III of Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores respectively to analyze the stage‐specific GM atrophy patterns. Then, the modulation of early caudate atrophy over other brain structures was evaluated using the whole‐brain voxel‐wise and region‐of‐interest‐wise causal structural covariance network approaches. We found that GM atrophy progressively expands from the basal ganglia to the angular gyrus, temporal areas, and eventually spreads through the subcortical–cortical networks as PD progresses. Notably, we identified a shared caudate‐associated degeneration network including the basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, sensorimotor cortex, and cortical association areas with the PD progressive factors. These findings suggest that the early structural vulnerability of basal ganglia in PD may play a pivotal role in the modulation of motor and non‐motor circuits at the structural level. Our work provides evidence for a novel mechanism of network degeneration that underlies the pathology of PD and may have potential clinical applications in the development of early predictors of PD onset and progress.
Efficacy of marine bioactive compound fucoidan for bone regeneration and implant fixation in sheep
Authors: Nielsen Mads Suhr , Mikkelsen Maria Dalgaard , Ptak Signe Helle , Hejbøl Eva Kildall , Ohmes Julia , Thi Thuan Nguyen , Nguyen Ha Vy Tran , Fretté Xavier , Fuchs Sabine , Meyer Anne , Schrøder Henrik Daa , Ding Ming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe need for a substitute for allograft and autograft is rising as bone graft surgeries exceed available supplies. We investigated the efficacy of the low‐molecular weight marine bioactive compound fucoidan (FUC) on bone regeneration and implant fixation in seven female sheep, as FUC has shown great promise as a bone substitute. Titanium implants were inserted bilaterally in the distal femurs to test three hydroxyapatite/fucoidan (HA/FUC) groups and compared to allograft. The HA was coated with either 500 or 1500 μg of FUC, obtained by microwave‐assisted chemical extraction, or 500 μg of FUC obtained by an enzyme‐assisted extraction method. The concentric 2‐mm gap around the implant was filled with either one of the HA/FUCs or allograft from the donor sheep. After 12 weeks, implant–bone blocks were harvested and divided into three parts for mechanical push‐out testing, immunohistochemistry, and micro‐CT and histomorphometry. Pronounced bone formations were observed by micro‐CT and histomorphometry in all groups, but higher bone volume fractions were seen in the allograft group compared to the three HA/FUC groups. The trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, and architectural anisotropy were all significantly higher in the allograft group compared to the three HA/FUC groups. In conclusion, adequate bone formation was observed in all groups, although the bone formation was significantly greater in the allograft group. Also, no significant differences existed in the shear mechanical properties between groups, suggesting that the combination of HA and FUC can achieve a similar fixation strength to allograft in this model.
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester mitigates infertility: A crucial role of metalloproteinase and angiogenic factor in cadmium‐induced testicular damage
Authors: Abdallah Eman A. A. , El‐Refaei Mohamed F. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCadmium (Cd) is expected to cause deleterious effects on most organs, especially on the male reproductive system. The current study was performed to assess the effect of Cd on fertility in Swiss mice and to evaluate the protective role of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) in relieving the detrimental effect of Cd. The mice were divided into four groups of 10: normal Group I received distilled water. Group II, III, and IV were injected 3 mg/kg body weight with Cd intraperitoneally for four consecutive days. Group III received saline. Group IV was treated with 3 mg/kg/day CAPE intraperitoneally for 6 days. Results indicated that CAPE brings about a highly significant improvement in fertility parameters, spermatogenesis, and reduced apoptotic percent. Moreover, metalloprotease‐3 (MMP‐3) and vascular endothelial growth factor reduced significantly. Overall, our results strongly suggest that CAPE has a protective effect, counteracts the toxic effects of Cd, and prevents testicular injury.
Use of conditional medical orders to minimize moral, ethical, and legal risk in critical care
Authors: Stuart Richard B , Birchfield George , Little Timothy E , Wetstone Susan , McDermott James 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRisk managers and ethicists monitor adherence to codes of conduct in the delivery of medical services and proactively participate with providers to create protocols that minimize the moral, ethical, and legal risks inherent in many commonly used medical protocols. “Code/no code” medical orders work well for patients at the extremes who always or never want to undergo a procedure, but they create troubling uncertainties for others by preventing them from expressly requesting procedures under some circumstances but not others. Obeying binary orders such as DNAR (Do Not Attempt Resuscitation) can allow deaths that a patient might want to delay or can expose patients to prolonged suffering they wish to avoid. These risks can be reduced by: (1) fully explaining the nature of proposed interventions and their possible beneficial and adverse effects in varying circumstances; and (2) replacing the traditional dichotomy with a continuum of options from always, through conditionally sometime, to never orders adapted to a range of situations and preferences. The Conditional Medical Orders (CMO) form summarizes patients’ preferences regarding resuscitation, ventilation, and artificial hydration and nutrition (ANH) is an efficient way to increases the chance that patients will undergo only the treatments they want.
Intimate partner aggression and work: An interdisciplinary review and agenda for future research
Authors: Deen Catherine Midel , He Yaqing , Gregg Heath , Restubog Simon Lloyd D. , O'Leary‐Kelly Anne 
Published: November 2021

SummaryIntimate partner aggression (IPA) is a social issue that affects the workplace. While IPA has been relatively ignored by management scholars due to notions that it is a private domestic matter, recent research offers mounting evidence of its spillover effects at work, including consequences for victims, perpetrators, coworkers, and organizations. To date, scholarly research on IPA and work has been impeded because existing research is scattered across disciplines with differing conceptualizations and emphasis. This integrative review aims to clarify the constructs of IPA and work‐related IPA (WIPA), summarize existing IPA and work research, integrate prior studies to offer a nomological network of antecedents and consequences of IPA victimization and perpetration, and propose specific recommendations that can further stimulate scholarly attention on this important research area.
Toward a more political perspective of leader effectiveness: Leader political support construct validation
Authors: Ellen B. Parker , Ferris Gerald R. , Buckley M. Ronald 
Published: November 2021

SummaryOrganizations long have been referred to as political arenas which leaders must navigate with skill and savvy. However, investigations of the role of leader political behavior on leader effectiveness largely have been avoided, perhaps due to historically negative connotations of organizational politics. Recently, a base of conceptual literature has begun to grow regarding the positive possibilities of organizational politics, including the potential benefits followers may reap from leaders' political support. However, empirical research testing the theoretical tenets of leader political support (LPS) is lacking. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to advance a more political perspective of leader effectiveness by developing and validating a psychometrically sound measure of LPS. Using a multi‐phase, six‐sample approach, we provide evidence of content validity, internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminatory validity, and criterion‐related validity of our measure of LPS. These findings advance knowledge by demonstrating that leaders' political behavior contributes to their effectiveness across a number of different conceptualizations. Additionally, the validation of the construct facilitates future research on LPS that can further evaluate its importance for leaders and their followers.
Intrinsic and extrinsic attributes related to the influence of growing altitude on consumer acceptability and sensory perception of fresh apple
Authors: Cantin Celia M , Gracia Azucena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrowing altitude might have an effect on the quality of fresh apple and therefore on the perception of sensory attributes and on acceptance by consumers. On the other hand, extrinsic information provided to the consumer might affect consumer acceptability and sensory perception of the fruit's main quality traits. The main objective of this work was to study the effect of the growing altitude on the physico‐chemical attributes (soluble solid content (SSC), flesh firmness, fruit weight (g), and titratable acidity (TA)), consumer acceptability, and perception of the main sensory attributes (sweetness, acidity and texture) of two reference apple cultivars (‘Golden D.’ and ‘Reineta’) by using a panel of 195 consumers. A secondary objective was to study whether extrinsic information about cultivar and growing place have an effect on the consumer perception and acceptance of fresh apple.RESULTSSignificant effects on physico‐chemical and sensory attributes were found for ‘Golden D.’ and ‘Reineta’ apple cultivars due to the growing altitude, and they were perceived by consumers. Moreover, extrinsic information about the cultivar and the growing site influenced consumers' sensory perceptions significantly.CONCLUSIONSThis work demonstrated that differences between apple fruit grown at different altitudes can be perceived by consumers. We demonstrated the importance of providing consumers with information about the cultivar and the growing place to increase their acceptance and support local produce. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Pelagic tunicate grazing on marine microbes revealed by integrative approaches
Authors: Sutherland Kelly R. , Thompson Anne W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMarine microorganisms comprise a large fraction of ocean carbon and are central players in global biogeochemical cycling. Significant gaps remain, however, in our understanding of processes that determine the fate, distribution, and community structure of microbial communities. Protists and viruses are accepted as being part of the microbial loop and a source of microbial mortality. However, pelagic tunicates (salps, doliolods, pyrosomes, and appendicularians), which are abundant in oceanic and coastal environments and consume microorganisms with higher individual grazing rates than other common grazers, remain underappreciated in their role controlling microbial communities, distributions, and flux through ecosystems. In spite of sampling challenges owing to their fragile nature and patchy distributions, recent developments in methodology have deepened understanding of grazing rates and selectivity of these ubiquitous grazers. Next‐generation sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, high‐resolution videography, improved microscopy, biomarkers, and in situ approaches are transforming our knowledge on the role of pelagic tunicates in determining the fate and function of microbial communities. Here, we review recent research on pelagic tunicate grazing with a focus on newer methodologies and their application across pelagic tunicate taxa. Synthesis of these studies points to a major role for pelagic tunicates in the control of marine microbial communities. Comparisons between pelagic tunicate taxa indicate important differences in prey selectivity, which will impact how these grazers are incorporated into global models. Application and integration of these methods will produce continued insights with the ultimate goal of illuminating the unique role of pelagic tunicates in the microbial loop and biological pump.
Complications in oncologic mandible reconstruction: A comparative study between the osteocutaneous radial forearm and fibula free flap
Authors: Le John M. , Morlandt Anthony B. , Gigliotti Jordan , Park Earl P. , Greene Benjamin J. , Ying Yedeh P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap (OC‐RFFF) has been proposed as a safe and reliable free flap for head and neck reconstruction with low donor site morbidity. The purpose of this study is to compare the late complications (>30 days) associated with using the OC‐RFFF versus the free fibula flap (FFF) for mandibular reconstruction following oncologic segmental resection.MethodsWe conducted a single‐institution, retrospective study composed of patients who underwent oncologic microvascular composite mandibular reconstruction with either the OC‐RFFF or FFF. The primary predictor variable was the type of free flap used. The outcome variable was late complication postoperatively (>30 days).ResultsA total of 93 patients (28, OC‐RFFF and 65, FFF) were analyzed. The majority of patients were male (62%) and with AJCC stage T4a disease (72%). Mean hospital length of stay was comparable between the two flap groups (p = .50). OC‐RFFF was associated with more late complications (p = .03) compared to FFF. Nonunion occurred in 10.7% of OC‐RFFF and 0% of FFF. Partial or complete flap failure was seen in 7.1% and 0% in the OC‐RFFF and FFF, respectively. Two‐year disease‐free survival was comparable in both groups (p > .05).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that the rate of nonunion and odds of having a late complication were significantly greater in the OC‐RFFF compared to the FFF following oncologic mandibular reconstruction. However, flap success, early complications (<30 days), and length of hospital stay were comparable between the two flaps.
Low‐dose CT reconstruction with Noise2Noise network and testing‐time fine‐tuning
Authors: Wu Dufan , Kim Kyungsang , Li Quanzheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeDeep learning‐based image denoising and reconstruction methods demonstrated promising performance on low‐dose CT imaging in recent years. However, most existing deep learning‐based low‐dose CT reconstruction methods require normal‐dose images for training. Sometimes such clean images do not exist such as for dynamic CT imaging or very large patients. The purpose of this work is to develop a low‐dose CT image reconstruction algorithm based on deep learning which does not need clean images for training.MethodsIn this paper, we proposed a novel reconstruction algorithm where the image prior was expressed via the Noise2Noise network, whose weights were fine‐tuned along with the image during the iterative reconstruction. The Noise2Noise network built a self‐consistent loss by projection data splitting and mapping the corresponding filtered backprojection (FBP) results to each other with a deep neural network. Besides, the network weights are optimized along with the image to be reconstructed under an alternating optimization scheme. In the proposed method, no clean image is needed for network training and the testing‐time fine‐tuning leads to optimization for each reconstruction.ResultsWe used the 2016 Low‐dose CT Challenge dataset to validate the feasibility of the proposed method. We compared its performance to several existing iterative reconstruction algorithms that do not need clean training data, including total variation, non‐local mean, convolutional sparse coding, and Noise2Noise denoising. It was demonstrated that the proposed Noise2Noise reconstruction achieved better RMSE, SSIM and texture preservation compared to the other methods. The performance is also robust against the different noise levels, hyperparameters, and network structures used in the reconstruction. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that the proposed methods achieved competitive results without any pre‐training of the network at all, that is, using randomly initialized network weights during testing. The proposed iterative reconstruction algorithm also has empirical convergence with and without network pre‐training.ConclusionsThe proposed Noise2Noise reconstruction method can achieve promising image quality in low‐dose CT image reconstruction. The method works both with and without pre‐training, and only noisy data are required for pre‐training.
Intentional deep overfit learning (IDOL): A novel deep learning strategy for adaptive radiation therapy
Authors: Chun Jaehee , Park Justin C. , Olberg Sven , Zhang You , Nguyen Dan , Wang Jing , Kim Jin Sung , Jiang Steve 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeApplications of deep learning (DL) are essential to realizing an effective adaptive radiotherapy (ART) workflow. Despite the promise demonstrated by DL approaches in several critical ART tasks, there remain unsolved challenges to achieve satisfactory generalizability of a trained model in a clinical setting. Foremost among these is the difficulty of collecting a task‐specific training dataset with high‐quality, consistent annotations for supervised learning applications. In this study, we propose a tailored DL framework for patient‐specific performance that leverages the behavior of a model intentionally overfitted to a patient‐specific training dataset augmented from the prior information available in an ART workflow—an approach we term Intentional Deep Overfit Learning (IDOL).MethodsImplementing the IDOL framework in any task in radiotherapy consists of two training stages: (1) training a generalized model with a diverse training dataset of patients, just as in the conventional DL approach, and (2) intentionally overfitting this general model to a small training dataset‐specific the patient of interest () generated through perturbations and augmentations of the available task‐ and patient‐specific prior information to establish a personalized IDOL model. The IDOL framework itself is task‐agnostic and is, thus, widely applicable to many components of the ART workflow, three of which we use as a proof of concept here: the autocontouring task on replanning CTs for traditional ART, the MRI super‐resolution (SR) task for MRI‐guided ART, and the synthetic CT (sCT) reconstruction task for MRI‐only ART.ResultsIn the replanning CT autocontouring task, the accuracy measured by the Dice similarity coefficient improves from 0.847 with the general model to 0.935 by adopting the IDOL model. In the case of MRI SR, the mean absolute error (MAE) is improved by 40% using the IDOL framework over the conventional model. Finally, in the sCT reconstruction task, the MAE is reduced from 68 to 22 HU by utilizing the IDOL framework.ConclusionsIn this study, we propose a novel IDOL framework for ART and demonstrate its feasibility using three ART tasks. We expect the IDOL framework to be especially useful in creating personally tailored models in situations with limited availability of training data but existing prior information, which is usually true in the medical setting in general and is especially true in ART.