bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir on weight‐adjusted tacrolimus trough/dose ratios in heart and kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Nnani Daryl U. , Campbell Alesa , Ajaimy Maria , Saeed Omar , Patel Snehal R. , Ahmed Sana , Graham Jay A. , Jorde Ulrich P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe pharmacokinetic implications of direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) use on tacrolimus posttransplant are unknown. This study sought to investigate the effects of glecaprevir/pibrentasvir (G/P), a CYP3A4 substrate and inhibitor, on weight‐adjusted tacrolimus (FK) trough/dose ratio (T/D) following heart or kidney transplantation.Material and methodsThis was a single‐center, retrospective analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremic donors to HCV negative heart or kidney transplant recipients who received 12 weeks of G/P therapy. Weight‐adjusted T/D was assessed while patients were at steady‐state before, during, and after G/P treatment. Forty‐one HCV negative recipients (three heart, 38 kidney) were evaluated.ResultsThe weight‐adjusted T/D significantly increased during G/P treatment (119.31, IQR 88–173.8) compared to before G/P treatment (67.4, IQR 53.4–115.9) (p < 0.01), but decreased after completion of treatment (90.1, IQR 52.9–122.7) (p < 0.01). There was no difference in weight‐adjusted T/D before and after G/P treatment (p = 0.42). Four patients experienced acute rejection.ConclusionInitiation of G/P in heart or kidney transplant recipients induces a reversible change in tacrolimus metabolism. A 33%–50% tacrolimus dose reduction may be considered at the time of G/P initiation. Regardless of tacrolimus dose adjustment, tacrolimus trough levels should be monitored 3 days after initiation of G/P. No clear relationship between HCV viremic organ transplantation and rejection risk was found. Larger studies are warranted to validate these findings
Alloimmunisation rate of patients on Daratumumab: A retrospective cohort study of patients in England
Authors: Bullock Tom , Foster Amie , Clinkard Bryony 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveWhilst small‐scale studies on rates of alloimmunisation of patients on Daratumumab have been undertaken, no large‐scale study has been performed to date on this cohort of patients.BackgroundPatients with multiple myeloma (MM) who are relapsed or refractory to standard treatment are treated with the anti‐CD38 therapeutic monoclonal antibody, Daratumumab. Due to the complexity of pre‐transfusion compatibility testing, many MM patients in England are referred to Red Cell Immunohaematology (RCI) laboratories for investigation and provision of Red Blood Cell (RBC) components.MethodsOver a 4‐month period, patients due to commence, or currently on anti‐CD38 therapy were identified and flagged on the RCI Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS). Data was identified and extracted for further analysis. Interrogation of data was performed independently by two subject matter experts, with discrepancies resolved through further enquiry.ResultsOf 734 English MM patients, we report an alloimmunisation rate of 0.4% whilst on an anti‐CD38 TMAb. This is in line with other smaller cohort studies.ConclusionGiven the low rate of RBC alloimmunisation, consideration should be given to revising the pre‐transfusion testing regimen in this cohort. This may improve testing costs, turn‐around times and evidence‐based patient care.
Cotrimoxazole versus sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in HIV‐infected pregnant women in Bangui, Central African Republic: A pragmatic randomised controlled trial
Authors: Manirakiza Alexandre , Tondeur Laura , Ketta Marie Yvette Batoumbou , Sepou Abdoulaye , Serdouma Eugène , Gondje Samuel , Bata Ghislain Géraud Banthas , Boulay Aude , Moyen Jean Methode , Sakanga Olga , Le‐Fouler Lenaig , Kazanji Mirdad , Briand Valerie , Lombart Jean Pierre , Vray Muriel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe main objective of the MACOMBA (Maternity and Control of Malaria‐HIV co‐infection in Bangui) trial was to show that cotrimoxazole (CTX) is more effective than sulphadoxine–pyremethamine–IPTp (IPTp‐SP) to prevent placental malaria infection (primary end point) among HIV‐positive pregnant women with a CD4+ count ≥350 cells/mm3 in Bangui, CAR.MethodsMACOMBA is a multicentre, open‐label randomised trial conducted in four maternity hospitals in Bangui. Between 2013 and 2017, 193 women were randomised and 112 (59 and 53 in CTX and IPTp‐SP arms, respectively) were assessed for placental infection defined by microscopic parasitaemia or PCR.ResultsThirteen women had a placental infection: five in the CTX arm (one by microscopic placental parasitaemia and four by PCR) and eight by PCR in the SP‐IPTp (8.5% vs. 15.1%, p = 0.28). The percentage of newborns with low birthweight (<2500 g) did not differ statistically between the two arms. Self‐reported compliance to CTX prophylaxis was good. There was a low overall rate of adverse events in both arms.ConclusionAlthough our results do not allow us to conclude that CTX is more effective, drug safety and good compliance among women with this treatment favour its widespread use among HIV‐infected pregnant women, as currently recommended by WHO.
Geography’s trajectories in Philippine higher education
Authors: Saguin Kristian Karlo , Lopez Yany , Cadag Jake Rom , De Guzman Mylene , Garcia Emmanuel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis piece situates the challenges and opportunities for Geography as a discipline amid the setting of Philippine higher education. By charting the discipline’s historical transformations and contemporary trajectories in the spheres of pedagogy, research, and service learning, it presents a particular picture of Geography’s place and possible futures within a global South context. Despite its disciplinal marginality rooted in institutional constraints in the country’s higher education system, Geography is at a crucial juncture in expanding its visibility and reach, and magnifying its relevance and transformative potentials in the Philippines.
Influence of preconstructed effector loop location using a barbed unidirectional suture on leakage pressures following canine enterotomy closure
Authors: Chang Yi‐Jen , Duffy Daniel J. , Moore George E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the influence of preconstructed effector loop location using a barbed unidirectional suture on leakage pressures following canine enterotomy closure.Study designRandomized, experimental, cadaveric.Animals or sample populationGrossly normal jejunal segments from three canine cadavers.MethodsJejunal segments were harvested and randomly assigned based upon effector loop location from the beginning of the incisional line. Groups (n = 12/group) included 0 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, and intact controls (n = 6/group), repaired using a 3–0 unidirectional barbed suture in a simple continuous pattern. Initial leakage pressure (ILP), maximum intraluminal pressure (MIP), repair time, and leakage location were recorded.ResultsMean ILP for 0 mm group (24.42 ± 8.43 mmHg) was lower (p ≤ .001) compared to all experimental groups with ILP ~40% lower. There was no difference in MIP among experimental groups (p = .239). Repair time increased (p < .0001) as the distance of the effector loop increased ≥5 mm from the beginning of the incisional line. Leakage location differed among groups (p < .001) with leakage in the 0 mm group from the incisional line (75%), compared to leakage from predominantly from the suture holes in other groups, respectively.ConclusionEffector loop location influenced ILP and leakage location. Effector loops placed at the beginning of the incisional line (0 mm) decreased ILP compared to loops placed at 5, 10, and 15 mm.Clinical significanceEffector loop location using a unidirectional barbed suture should be placed ≥5 mm from beginning of the incisional line for enterotomy closure. Further in vivo studies are necessary to determine the clinical significance of these findings.
Synchronization Via Fractal–Fractional Differential Operators on Two-Mass Torsional Vibration System Consisting of Motor and Roller
Authors: Abro Kashif Ali , Atangana Abdon 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Due to increasing demand of lightweight shafts from industries, the drive systems are crucially demanded for larger inertias of motors and load machines because of control structures for the electrical equipment. The mathematical modeling of two-mass torsional vibration system consisting of motor and roller has been proposed via newly presented fractal–fractional differential operators. The dynamical model of the electromechanical coupling main drive system of rolling mill is based on total kinetic energy and potential energy on the basis of two degree-of-freedom. The fractal and fractional evolutionary differential equation containing nonlinearity have been investigated for the derivation of numerical schemes. Three types of numerical schemes say Caputo differential scheme, Caputo–Fabrizio differential scheme, and Atangana–Baleanu differential scheme have been established through Adams–Bashforth–Moulton method. In order to check the stability and effectiveness, we presented the chaotic comparison of Caputo fractal– fractional operator, Caputo–Fabrizio fractal–fractional operator, and Atangana fractal–fractional operator on the basis of dynamical embedded parameters (vibration angle, rotational speed, stiffness coefficient, load friction damping torque, and few others). Our results suggest that fractal–fractionalized model for electromechanical drive system of rolling mill has better attenuation performance and tracking behaviors in comparison with classical models.
Analysis of ESFR Decay Heat Removal Systems in Protected Station Blackout
Authors: Bodi Janos , Ponomarev Alexander , Bubelis Evaldas , Mikityuk Konstantin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As part of the European sodium fast reactor (ESFR)-safety measures assessment and research tools (SMART) project, safety assessments are being conducted on the updated ESFR design. An important part of the study is the evaluation of the reactor's behavior within hypothetical accidental conditions to assess and ensure that the accident would not lead to unexpected and disastrous events. In this paper, the analyzed accidental scenario is the so-called protected station blackout (PSBO), where the offsite power is lost for the power plant, simulated by using the TRACE and simulator-sodium fast reactor (SIM-SFR) system codes. The assessment started from the simulation of the reactor behavior without the decay heat removal systems (DHRSs). Following this, calculations of multiple DHRS arrangements have been performed to evaluate the individual and combined efficiency of the systems. Where it was possible, the results from the two system codes have been compared to show the consistency of the separate calculations. Through this study, the design of the DHRSs proposed at the beginning of the project has been investigated, and certain recommendations have been made for further improvement of the DHRS systems performance.
Toward Mechanistic Wall Heat Flux Partitioning Model for Fully Developed Nucleate Boiling
Authors: Amidu Muritala Alade 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Mechanistic models developed to predict partial nucleate boiling are not adequate for fully developed nucleate boiling due to differences in the prevailing heat transfer governing mechanisms. In place of the mechanistic model, several empirical correlations and semimechanistic models have been proposed over the years for the prediction of fully developed nucleate boiling as presented in this study but they are unsuitable for use in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. Recently, the simulation of fully developed nucleate boiling has become much more practical because of advancement in a computational method that involves the coupling of the interface capturing method (for slug bubbles) with the Eulerian multifluid model (for dispersed spherical bubbles). Nonetheless, there is a need for a mechanistic closure law for the fully developed nucleate boiling phenomenon that would complement this advancement in CFD. Toward this end, a mechanistic wall heat flux partitioning model for fully developed nucleate boiling is proposed in this study. This model is predicated on the hypothesis that a high heat flux nucleate boiling is distinguished by the existence of a liquid macrolayer between the heated wall and the slug or elongated bubbles, and that the macrolayer is interspersed with numerous high frequency nucleate small bubbles. With this hypothesis, the heat flux generated on the heated wall is partitioned into two parts: conduction heat transfer across the macrolayer liquid film thickness and evaporation heat flux of the microlayer of the nucleating small bubbles. The proposed model is validated against experimental data.
Exploring the Effects of Piston Bowl Geometry and Injector Included Angle on Dual-Fuel and Single-Fuel RCCI
Authors: Hariharan Deivanayagam , Rahimi Boldaji Mozhgan , Yan Ziming , Gainey Brian , Lawler Benjamin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Reactivity control compression ignition (RCCI) is a low-temperature combustion technique that has been proposed to meet the current demand for high thermal efficiency and low engine-out emissions. However, its requirement of two separate fuel systems (i.e., a low-reactivity fuel system and a high-reactivity fuel system) has been one of its major challenges in the last decade. This leads to the single-fuel RCCI concept, where the secondary fuel (reformates of diesel) is generated from the primary fuel (diesel) through catalytic partial oxidation reformation. Following the in-depth analysis of the reformate fuel (reformates of diesel) and its benefit as the low-reactivity fuel with diesel, the effects of the start of injection (SOI) timing of diesel and the energy-based blend ratio were also studied in detail. In this study, the effects of piston profile and the injector included angles were experimentally examined using both conventional fuel pairs (gasoline—diesel and natural gas—diesel) and reformate RCCI. A validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was also used for a better understanding of the experimental trends. Comparing a reentrant bowl piston with a shallow bowl piston at a constant compression ratio and SOI, the latter showed better thermal efficiency, regardless of the fuel combination, due to its 10% lower surface area for the heat transfer. Comparing the 150-degree included angle and 60-degree included angle on the shallow bowl piston, the latter showed better combustion efficiency, regardless of the fuel combination, due to its earlier combustion phasing (at constant SOI timing). The effect was particularly prominent on reformate RCCI because of its incredibly high diluent concentration, which retards the combustion further for the 150-deg injector. Later, using convergecfd, seven different injector included angles were studied at a constant SOI. With the change in injector included angle, the region of the cylinder targeted by the fuel spray varies significantly, and it was found to have a significant impact on the combustion efficiency and the engine-out emissions. As the injector included angle changed from 60-deg to 150-deg, the combustion efficiency increased by 15% and the CO, NOx, and HC emissions decreased by 96%, 70%, and 86%, respectively.
Fast Prediction of Thermal Data Stream for Direct Laser Deposition Processes Using Network-Based Tensor Regression
Authors: Khanzadeh Mojtaba , Dantin Matthew , Tian Wenmeng , Priddy Matthew W. , Doude Haley , Bian Linkan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The objective of this research is to study an effective thermal data stream prediction method for additive manufacturing (AM) processes using thermal image streams in a layer-wise manner. Reliable physics-based models have been developed to delineate the underlying thermomechanical dynamics of AM processes. However, the computational cost is extremely high. We proposed a tensor-based surrogate modeling methodology to predict the layer-wise relationship in thermal data stream of the AM parts, which is time efficient compared to available physics-based prediction models. We constructed a network tensor structure for freeform shapes based on thermal image streams obtained in metal-based AM processes. Then, we simplified the network tensor structure by concatenating images to reach a layer-wise structure. Subsequent layers were predicted based on the antecedent layer using the tensor regression model. A generalized multilinear structure, called the higher order partial least squares (HOPLS), was used to estimate the tensor regression model parameters. Through the proposed method, high-dimensional thermal histories of AM components were predicted accurately in a computationally efficient manner. Prediction performance indices (i.e., Q2=0.999 and root-mean-square errors of prediction (RMSEP) = 31.212 °C) demonstrated a significantly more efficient layer-wise prediction of thermal data stream—a larger Q2 (0 ≤ Q2 ≤ 1) and a smaller RMSEP indicated a better prediction performance. The proposed thermal data stream prediction was validated on simulated thermal images from finite element (FE) simulations.
A Coupled Two-Way Fluid–Structure Interaction Analysis for the Dynamics of a Partially Confined Cantilevered Pipe Under Simultaneous Internal and External Axial Flow in Opposite Directions
Authors: Daneshmand F. , Liaghat T. , Paidoussis M. P. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a coupled two-way fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis of a slender flexible vertical cantilevered pipe hanging concentrically within a shorter rigid tube forming an annulus. The pipe is subjected to internal and annular flows simultaneously. This system has applications in brine production and salt-cavern hydrocarbon storage. In this study, the fluid–structure problem is solved with a finite volume based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code for the fluid domain coupled to a finite element based computational solid mechanics code for the structural domain. The numerical results obtained for the free-end displacement of the central pipe versus the annular/internal flow velocity ratio Uo/Ui are presented and compared with those obtained from experiment. The capability of the numerical model to predict the onset of the experimentally observed flutter instability in the system is also examined. This study provides a better insight into the dynamics of the system.
Selection of a Heat Exchanger for a Small-Scale Liquid Air Energy Storage System
Authors: Fredrickson Alexander S. , Pollman Anthony G. , Gannon Anthony J. , Smith Walter C. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results of a theoretical analysis of a heat exchanger design for the challenging application of a small-scale modified Linde-Hampson cycle liquid air energy storage system (LAESS). A systems engineering approach was taken to determine the best heat exchanger alternative for incorporation into an existing LAESS. Two primary heat exchanger designs were analyzed and compared: a finned tube heat exchanger (FTHE) design and a printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) design. These designs were chosen as alternatives due to the gas-to-gas cooling that occurs in the heat exchanger, and material selection was based on the requirement for the heat exchanger to withstand the cryogenic temperatures required for the system to produce liquid nitrogen. Thermodynamic analysis was conducted using the ε-NTU method and fin theory to determine the dimensional requirements for the finned tube heat exchanger and a trade-off study was conducted to compare the alternatives. Based on the results from the study, the PCHE was the preferred alternative due to an inherent small footprint, comparable cost to manufacture, simple integration into the LAESS and inherent safety features that are critical when working with high pressure systems. Future work will include subsystem and system integration and testing to obtain a consistently functional prototype that produces liquid nitrogen.
Performance and Complexity Trade Study of Candidate Liquid Air Generation Techniques
Authors: Torosyan Masis , Pollman Anthony , Gannon Anthony , Hernandez Alejandro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper presents the results of an alternatives analysis of gas-liquefaction methods used in liquid air energy storage (LAES) systems that incorporates two novel measures of performance (MOP) into the analysis: system complexity score and system density. The cryogenic methods typically considered for air, and used in this trade study, include Linde-Hampson, Claude, Heylandt, and cascade [1]. With these four options of air-liquefaction currently in use for a variety of purposes with ranging scales, there exists no standard selection process for the air-liquefaction method in LAES. This trade study provides fundamental design solutions for given stakeholder requirements, allowing for a pragmatic analysis of integration for future implementation of LAES systems. The intent of these design solutions is to be used in the earliest stage of consideration of a LAES implementation, helping stakeholders quickly narrow the focus of their design engineers to a specific liquefaction process. This will reduce the complexity of integration techniques and processes and streamline LAES into the energy-storage industry. The results of this study showed that with evenly weighted MOP the Heylandt method had the highest final weighted score (0.9), followed by Cascade (0.88), Claude (0.86), and Linde-Hampson (0.67). However, the results showed that the Cascade method was the most frequent design solution (8/11) from 11 variations of MOP weight distributions.
Renewable Energy Systems for Demand-Side Management in Industrial Facilities
Authors: Elio Joseph , Phelan Patrick , Villalobos Rene , Milcarek Ryan J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Due to high energy usage and power demand in industrial facilities, demand-side management (DSM) can simultaneously yield substantial energy cost savings for the facility and reduce the load on the power grid. There are many means of DSM, the most common being peak clipping, which is easily done with renewable energy systems and other power-generating devices. In this work, renewable energy systems (RESs) are critically reviewed and compared based on their application to industrial demand-side management (IDSM). Specifically, the RESs reviewed herein include photovoltaics, wind turbines, geothermal, and hybrid renewable energy systems. These devices are introduced, followed by a discussion of their advantages, disadvantages, and feasibility for use in IDSM. Most importantly, the reduction in the carbon footprint of power generation plants resulting from the use of RESs for IDSM is investigated. Comparisons are made based upon rated power, capital costs, O&M costs, levelized cost of energy, and the feasibility for use in industrial facilities. Using the values in the cost comparisons, the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) is derived for each device and used in a techno-economic analysis comparing the cost savings for the different RESs for a hypothetical plant.