bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older Adult Behavioral Health Issues in New England: Findings from the Healthy Aging Data Reports
Authors: Jansen Taylor , Lee Chae Man , Xu Shu , Karakida Maki , Porell Frank , Silverstein Nina , Dugan Beth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Behavioral health issues in older adults are prevalent and have negative consequences on quality of life and overall health, yet are often untreated. The present study compares state and local community rates of behavioral health indicators of older adults age 60+ in Massachusetts (MA), New Hampshire (NH), Rhode Island (RI), and Connecticut (CT). For this study rates were calculated from the following data sources: Medicare Current Beneficiary Summary File 2014-2018 (2014-2015 MA, NH, and 2016-2017 RI, CT) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2013-2015 MA, 2014-2016 NH, 2015-2017 RI, CT). Small area estimation techniques were used to calculate age-sex adjusted community rates for more than 170 health indicators (https://healthyagingdatareports.org/). This research examines disparities in rates across the 4 states for 4 behavioral health indicators: substance use disorder (SUD), tobacco use disorder (TUD), opioid use disorder (OUD), and excessive drinking. Results varied across states with RI reporting the highest rates of substance (7.0%) and tobacco use (10.8%) disorders, CT had the highest rate of opioid use disorder (2.2%), and MA and RI reporting the highest rates of excessive drinking (9.3%). Overall, MA had the greatest disparities in rates for all indicators (SUD: 6.6% (5.35-15.99%); TUD: 10.2% (2.67-24.20%); excessive drinking: 9.3% (5.63-19.98%)), indicating behavioral health disparities by community are most pronounced in MA. This study found behavioral health issues are prevalent among New England older adults and should no longer be overlooked. Furthermore, visualizing the community rates makes disparities evident and may guide resources and services to areas of highest need.
Role of community centers in promoting sustainable regional life of community-dwelling older adults with frailty
Authors: Nishino Akiko , Ogino Ryogo , Miura Takahiro , YABU Ken-ichiro , TSUTSUMI Kanako , OKATA Junichiro , Nishide Kazuhiko , IFUKUBE Tohru 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Japan’s long-term care insurance system, which is a formal service, focuses only on older adults requiring care and support. Therefore, to create supportive communities for frail older adults, appropriate measures have been taken to establish community centers within their walking distance. However, the specific functions of these centers largely remain unknown. Accordingly, this study is aimed at clarifying the role of community centers by analyzing their services and management systems. In February 2020, we conducted a questionnaire survey (36% response rate) and four semi-structured interviews in O city, which has 36 community centers (81.45㎢, 36.4% elderly population). Results from the questionnaires revealed that the most frequent users of the community center were in their 70s (61.5%); such centers tended to provide informal services, such as exercises and cafes. Meanwhile, 57.2% of community centers collaborate with formal service providers. Community centers tend to be operated together with parent facilities, such as hospitals and nursing homes(61.2%). The results of the onsite survey showed that, in three cases, the community centers were situated within 200 meters of the parent facility. The findings show that these community centers facilitated creation of a supportive community that provides informal services to the frail elderly. Furthermore, they are operated in cooperation with formal service providers, hospitals, and nursing care facilities and are located in close proximity to one another. To summarize, the community centers continue to play a role in providing seamless services to the frail elderly even as their physical functions evolve.
Physical Activity and Aging: Exploring Motivations of Masters Swimmers
Authors: Brilliant Susan , Claver Maria , LaPlace Patti , Schlesinger Cynthia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Physical activity has many benefits for the optimal health of older adults (e.g., lowering risk of cardiovascular disease, depression, dementia and falls). However, less than one in four Americans meets guidelines for physical activity and evidence suggests inactivity increases with age. A growing number of unhealthy older adults will strain resources. Masters athletes are one segment of the population that some promote as exemplary because of their remarkable physical functioning. Swimming is a global, fast-growing sport in Masters athletics. This qualitative study explored the motivations and barriers of older adult (60+ years of age) members of a Masters swim club in Southern California. The researcher used purposive sampling to diversify the sample by selecting male and female participants (N=18) from multiple geographical areas. Guided by a primary research question: Why do Masters swimmers choose swim late in life, when most of their age cohort are becoming less physically active, the researcher conducted semi-structured interviews to delve into the lived experiences of the participants, solicited peer feedback and employed Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Four main themes emerged: Masters swimming provided an enjoyable way to slow physical decline; participants felt camaraderie; working out with a group provided challenge and achievement that reinforced their identity as swimmers; and their practice greatly reduced stress. A formidable barrier was revealed when most of the participants expressed longing and regret that they could not swim due to COVID risk and safety guidelines. These findings can be used to design community programs to promote lifelong physical activity participation.
Disparities in Cognition Among U.S. and Foreign-Born Minority Populations With and Without Diabetes
Authors: Kindratt Tiffany , Dallo Florence , Zahodne Laura , Ajrouch Kristine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Adults with cognitive limitations and diabetes may be less able to adhere to treatment recommendations. Our aims were to: 1) estimate and compare the prevalence of cognitive limitations and diabetes among foreign-born non-Hispanic whites, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and Arab Americans to US-born non-Hispanic whites; and 2) examine associations after controlling for covariates. We linked 2002-2016 National Health Interview Survey and 2003-2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data (ages &gt;=45 years, n=122,898). The prevalence of cognitive limitations was highest among foreign-born non-Hispanic whites (9.71%) and Arab Americans (9.40%) and lowest among foreign-born blacks (5.19%). Foreign-born non-Hispanic whites had higher odds (OR=1.36; 95% CI=1.05-1.49) of cognitive limitations than their US-born counterparts. Foreign-born Hispanics with diabetes had greater odds of cognitive limitations (OR=1.91; 95% CI=1.63, 2.24) compared to US-born non-Hispanic whites. Additional findings will be discussed focused on stressors that may contribute to cognition disparities using the immigrant health paradox framework.
Immigration-Related Trauma Associated With Metabolic Risk and Cognition in Hispanic and Latino Immigrant Populations
Authors: Diminich Erica , Ajrouch Kristine , Antonucci Toni , Clouston Sean , Vega Irving , Zahodne Laura , Webster Noah , Gonzalez Richard 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Recent immigrant and undocumented Hispanic/Latino adults in the United States (U.S.) are an underserved segment of the aging population. In this cross-sectional pilot study, we examined associations between self-reported stressors metabolic syndrome, emotional reactivity, and cognitive functioning in a heterogenous sample (N=80) of Hispanic/Latino adults (43.8% Central America; 43.8% South America; 7.5% Caribbean; mean years in the U.S.=18.1, SD=12.8). Participants (Meducation=10.2 years, SD=5.34; Mage=48.6 years, SD=12.3) underwent blood draw, anthropometrics and NIH-toolbox cognitive and behavioral measures. Linear regressions indicated that, elevated glucose was inversely associated with working memory (r=-.30), whereas higher HDL and controlled glucose were associated with better episodic memory (r=.27) and executive functioning (r=.32). Results further revealed associations between immigration-related trauma and elevated posttraumatic stress symptomatology. Implications for mental health and early detection of modifiable risk factors to promote healthy aging in vulnerable Hispanic/Latino immigrant populations are discussed.
Caregiving Across the Life Course: Life History Findings from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS)
Authors: Larkina Marina , Smith Jacqui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Informal caregiving, defined as unpaid care provided to a relative or friend with some sort of special need, is a topic of research across different disciplines. Previous research highlights the prevalence and heterogeneity of caregivers in terms of their age, gender, relationship with the care recipient, and the duration of care provision. However, most research focuses on a specific episode of caregiving. Little is known about the people who provide care to multiple recipients throughout their own life. To fill this gap, we examined data from the HRS Spring 2017 Life History Mail Survey (N = 3520; age range 50-101 yrs). Participants reported their relationship with people to whom they had provided unpaid care for ≥ 6 months (max 5) and listed the start and end years of care. Compared with people who had not provided care, caregivers (N = 1000, 28%) were more likely to be women, white, and currently widowed. They cared for their parents (67%), spouses (22%), children (11%), or other relatives (16%) and 30% reported providing care two or more times (M = 1.44, SD = 0.81). Respondents, who reported multiple episodes of caregiving were more likely to be women, widowed, aged between 25 and 50 at the time of first providing care. People who first cared for their spouse were less likely to report multiple caregiving episodes comparing with those who cared for parents or children. Future research will examine the health and well-being consequences associated with caregivers’ histories of providing unpaid care to others.
Psychosocial Stress Profiles and Cognitive Function in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Sample of Adults
Authors: Munoz Elizabeth , Zahodne Laura , Gonzalez Richard , Webster Noah , Sliwinski Martin , Scott Stacey 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
We developed comprehensive multi-domain profiles of psychosocial stress in urban-dwelling, racially and ethnically diverse adults (age range: 25-65; N=256; 63% Non-Hispanic Black; 25% Hispanic; 9% Non-Hispanic White) and evaluated associations with cognitive function. Participants completed psychosocial stress measures tapping into ten domains and tasks of processing speed, working memory, and episodic memory. Latent profile analyses controlling for age yielded four-profiles: high neighborhood stress, moderate versus high work stress and daily discrimination, and high health and relationship stress. Profiles significantly differed in income, age, and employment status. The profile with moderate work stress and daily discrimination and the profile with high neighborhood stress each had significantly lower working memory than the other profiles. The finding of lower working memory among individuals in the moderate work stress and daily discrimination profile was not due to sociodemographic variables. Results highlight the potentially cumulative influence of different contextual stressors on cognition.
Older Latinos’ Perceptions of the Caregiving Experience
Authors: Jaldin Michelle , Balbim Guilherme , Marques Isabela , Marquez David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There has been a rapid growth of Latinos age 65 and older in the United States and the population is projected to grow to 21.5 million by 2060. Latinos with Alzheimer’s disease is expected to increase 832% by 2060. Caregiving for adults with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) is physically, emotionally, and financially demanding, and has significant implications for caregivers’ health, personal and social life, and overall well-being. This study aimed to describe the perceived experiences of middle-aged and older Latino who were primary caregivers of relatives with ADRD. We conducted semi-structured interviews with Latino caregivers to examine their perceived experiences of providing care for a relative with ADRD. Interviews were conducted in English and Spanish and were transcribed, translated into English when needed, and coded. We conducted direct content analysis. Participants were aged 50 to 75 years (n = 16), the majority were female (n = 12), and majority were caring for either their parent or spouse. We identified six reoccurring themes in the Latino caregiving experiences: (1) caregiver burden; (2) dealing with care recipient; (3) coping strategies; (4) social support; (5) cultural values; and (6) knowledge about services. The identified themes showed that Latino caregivers need support from their family and friends for caregiving. Latino family’s structure plays an important role in caregiving experience. These themes are important to consider in future interventions that aim to reduce caregiver burden in Latinos as they influence the overall well-being of the caregiver.
The Life Satisfaction of Informal Caregivers in Europe: Regime Type, Intersectionality, and Stress Process Factors
Authors: Browning Sean 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This research assessed the role of welfare state/family care regimes, intersecting social locations and stress process factors in influencing the life satisfaction of informal caregivers of care recipients with age-related needs or disabilities within a European international context. Empirical analyses were conducted with a sample of informal caregivers residing in Denmark, Sweden, France, Germany, Italy, Greece and the United Kingdom (n=6,007). Ordinary least squares and ordered logit regression models revealed that welfare state/family care regime, intersecting social locations, and stress process factors were independently associated with the life satisfaction of informal caregivers. Furthermore, there was some evidence to suggest that social location and stress process factors intervened in some of the relationships between regime type and life satisfaction. There was also some evidence that stress process factors intervened in the relationships between social location factors and life satisfaction. Overall, the results provide support for integrating welfare state/family care regime type and intersectionality factors into the stress process model as applied to the context of informal caregiving. The results also have policy and practice implications with regards to which social location and stress process factors explain specific disparities in life satisfaction between informal caregivers residing in different welfare state/family care regimes.
The Other Caregivers: Informal Non-Spousal Male Caregivers for Persons With Dementia
Authors: Tucker Gretchen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Informal caregivers for persons with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) have become an integral part of the long-term health care system. They are relied on to provided day-to-day care that is challenging, complex, and often spans several years. Most of the research on informal caregivers for persons with ADRD have focused on spousal caregiving, mother-daughter dyads, and daughters. There is sparse literature on informal non-spousal male caregivers for persons with ADRD. The objective of this research was to obtain an understanding of the experiences of informal non-spousal male caregivers for persons with ADRD. This descriptive qualitative pilot study consisted of in-depth one-on-one interviews with three informal non-spousal male caregivers for persons with ADRD. Four themes emerged through data analysis: 1) the male perspective and experience of caregiving, 2) relationship dynamics, 3) caregiving challenges, and 4) finding meaning within caregiving. Conclusion: Similar to other caregivers, informal non-spousal male caregivers assisted with transportation, managing medical appointments, as well as bathing and personal care. Differences with other caregivers, specifically female caregivers, emerged in terms of descriptions of traditional versus non-traditional gender roles. The implications of this study are that public policies, support services and medical professionals need to understand and be able to address the different experiences and needs of informal non-spousal male caregivers.
Generating Community Engaged Learning in Gerontology Courses During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Felsted Katarina , Whitehead Samantha 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This presentation describes the core traits of a community-engaged learning (CEL course), how one gerontology program incorporated a theoretical framework to continue to provide students opportunities during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how generalizable this is across gerontology programs. Caregiving and Aging Families, a gerontology course enrolling both undergraduate and graduate students, champions community-engaged learning in two critical ways: students attend caregiver support groups in the community, and students form a partnership with a caregiver mentor in the community. This partnership allows students an intimate look at the caregiver's role and burden while enlisting the student to prepare a service care plan and compendium of resources for the caregiver. Ensuring the safety of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic placed restrictive parameters on these experiences. While students typically attend support groups and identify and partner with a caregiver mentor in person, this needed modification during the pandemic. This was created through the application of Baltes' Theory of Selection, Optimization, and Compensation (SOC model), aided by a CEL teaching assistant, funded through the campus Community Service Center. This allowed for identifying, coordinating, and communicating with community partners throughout the semester and provided ongoing communication, technical assistance, and problem-solving for both partners and students. Caregiver groups with a robust online, synchronous presence were identified and approached. The gerontology program communities of interest disseminated a call for community caregivers with basic technological familiarity. The caregiver mentor-student partnerships were founded and maintained, with additional benefits stemming from a shared pandemic experience.
Fraudulent Data Detection and Prevention Within the National Caregiver Survey
Authors: Jackson Jada , Lipchin Jessica , Zhang Rachel , Robinson-Lane Sheria 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The National Caregiver Survey is an online, incentivized survey that aims to gather information about the health and coping strategies used by Black family caregivers of persons with dementia. The survey data will help elucidate the relationships between coping, health, and adaptation to family caregiving and facilitate the development of culturally responsive caregiver support programming. Virtually distributing this survey made it cost-effective, easily accessible, and quick to produce usable data. The online format also helped the team reach caregivers from across the nation, as well as keep participants safe during the COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, because online surveys are advertised and administered digitally, they become targets for hacking, especially when the surveys are incentivized. The hacking attempts are executed through digital survey bots and threaten the integrity of the collected data. These corrupt responses also increase study costs by falsely rewarding the hackers for their survey responses and research team time in the investigation, detection, and removal of fraudulent responses. To detect potential bots, a reCAPTCHA bot system was incorporated into the survey, and survey questions were formatted specifically to thwart hacking attempts. Finally, data were cleaned to remove illogical, inconsistent, and duplicative surveys. Findings from this work may help researchers improve online survey design and data collection methods to provide greater confidence in conclusions drawn from virtually surveyed data.
Support Needs as Perceived by Grandparent-Caregivers: A Qualitative Systematic Review
Authors: Matovu Schola , Whitley Deborah , Young Heather 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Caregiving can have adverse mental and physical health outcomes. Older grandparents who are primary caregivers for their grandchildren report multiple health conditions such as depression, anxiety, hypertension, cardiac disease and chronic fatigue, which are caused by or otherwise exacerbated by the caregiving demands. We conducted this qualitative systematic review to identify support needs that contribute to such poor health outcomes and as perceived by grandparent-caregivers for minor grandchildren. We searched relevant databases (PubMed, PyschINFO, CINAHL, and Social Work Abstracts) using terms such as: child rearing, parenting, child custody, grandparents, support needs, and caregiving. Studies were included for review if they were written in the English language; used only qualitative methods; and were published from January 1990 to January 2020. Included studies were critically appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Data were extracted from these studies and synthesized using meta-ethnography. Of the 2828 studies identified, 58 studies from 12 countries met all inclusion criteria for review. Three main themes emerged from the review: 1) grandparent-caregivers’ personal needs, and 2) grandchildren needs. Both themes were further divided into subthemes of health (mental & physical), financial, social (interpersonal, cultural and environmental factors and services). Findings from this review have potential to: 1) inform design of comprehensive interventions and screening needed to address perceived support needs; and 2) identify gaps in and barriers to available support resources for older grandparent-caregivers. Further research is needed on comprehensive assessment of support needs and risk for poor health outcomes among grandparent-caregivers.
Utilization of social media peer support groups among family caregivers of patients with dementia
Authors: Ramos Mary Dioise 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Caring for a family member with dementia is particularly challenging. Unpaid family caregivers provide a significant amount of the care for aging relatives, and they provide the vast majority of long-term care. Family caregiving often results in negative effects, which compromises the caregiver’s physical and psychosocial health. Social media support groups are an increasingly common venue for family caregivers supporting patients with dementia to exchange emotional, informational, and instrumental support. This study examined the utilization of social media support groups among family caregivers of patients with dementia during the pandemic. Using deductive thematic analysis, the use of social media support groups of family caregivers provide link to social interaction as a means when social distancing is enforced due to the pandemic. Family caregivers use social media support groups to share their personal experience, express their mood and feelings, offer prayers and positive quotes, keep up with the current events, gather information, and share feedback about dementia care services. Awareness of the potential advantages that social media support groups offer, healthcare providers can encourage family caregivers to use social media support groups as an empowering and practical platform. Further research is required about the long term benefit from social media support groups and the reliability and validity of the information that the family caregivers can get from the group.