bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utopia as a Cosmopolitan Method in Alfonso Cuarón's Children of Men
Authors: Martín Mónica 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
This article analyzes Alfonso Cuarón's Children of Men as an illustrative contemporary example of cinematic cosmopolitan utopianism. Departing from the anti-utopian bias that pervaded modes of being, cultural texts and sociology in the late twentieth century, the film rearticulates utopia as a cosmopolitan method necessary to transform nonsustainable paradigms of progress and individualist worldviews. Against an apocalyptic eco-social backdrop, the evolution of the narrative and the protagonists conveys a stressed sense of directionality forward and elsewhere in search of hope. The film's use of spaces and formal choices argues against social exclusion and bigotry, prompting viewers to expand their utopian horizons outside the borders of the national. Daring to envision the end of dystopia, the film ultimately hopes for a cosmopolitan remapping of the global beyond the frameworks provided by anti-utopia, nation, risk and neoliberalism.
Effect of ER5356 Welding Wire on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 5083 Aluminum Alloy GTAW Welded Joint
Authors: Zhao DongSheng , Zhang TianFei , Kong LeLe , Long DaiFa , Liu YuJun 
Published: May 2021

Automatic gas tungsten arc welding experiments of 5083 aluminum alloy were completed, to analyze the weld microstructure and mechanical properties. The influences of welding current, travel speed, frequency, and arc length on weld forming and mechanical properties were studied. When the welding current was 160 A, the travel speed was 380 mm/min, the frequency was 100 Hz, the arc length was 4 mm, and the maximum tensile strength of the welded joint was 296.9 MPa, which was 86.8% of the base metal’s tensile strength. The fracture elongation was 7.8%. No porosity was formed in the weld, but there were poor fusion problems. ER5356 welding wire can improve the problem of poor weld fusion and accommodate Mg element vaporization losses. When the wire feeding speed was 1200 mm/min, the tensile strength of the welded joint can be improved to 315.2 MPa, which was 92.2% of the base material’s tensile strength, and the fracture elongation was 8.5%. The tensile specimens fractured in the heat-affected zone. The fracture surface was characterized as plastic fracture.

Introduction
Specific strength of aluminum alloy is high, so aluminum alloys reduce the weight of the structure compared with steel structures. Aluminum alloys have a broad application prospect in aerospace, automotive, and marine industries based on their good corrosion resistance, low temperature resistance, good processability, and rich alloy system (Kuk et al. 2004; Wang & Zhang 2015; Canepa et al. 2018; Gaur et al. 2018; Qiang & Wang 2019). In recent years, to reduce the weight of the structure such as trimaran hull and improve speed, aluminum alloys have been more and more applied in shipbuilding. But there are many problems in the welding of aluminum alloy.
Unforeseen consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic: Increased frequency of kite-string injuries in magnificent frigatebirds (Fregata magnificens) in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil
Authors: Goldberg DW , Vanstreels RET , Alcala MM , Hurtado R , Mantovani PF , Cunha LST , Serafini PP , Barbosa AF 
Published: May 2021

AbstractKite flying is a popular hobby and sport for children and adults. Despite being illegal in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, the use of abrasive threads remains widespread and poses a health risk to both humans and animals. In this study, we analysed the records of 462 magnificent frigatebirds (Fregata magnificens) submitted to rehabilitation centres or found dead along the southern coast of Rio de Janeiro state from October 2016 to August 2020. Of these, 244 individuals (52.8%) presented wing lesions consistent with kite-string injury, which can have a critical impact on the ability of frigatebirds to fly and will ultimately cause their death. Even when veterinary care is provided, only a small proportion of the individuals (2%) will fully recover the ability to fly in order to be released back to the wild. In 2020, an atypical increase in the number of individuals with kite-string injuries (~1,200% increase compared to other years) was noted in the weeks following the suspension of school activities and commerce in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The number of frigatebirds with kitestring injuries recorded in a given week was positively correlated with internet searches for kite-related terms, which also peaked during the quarantine period of the COVID-19 pandemic. This illustrates how pandemic events may aggravate existing human-wildlife conflicts, and how preparedness plans need to incorporate measures to help communities cope with boredom and isolation during quarantine in ways that do not negatively impact the welfare and conservation of wildlife.
Caring practices of pet cat and dog owners in Northern Ireland vs potential implications for animals’ health and welfare
Authors: Naughton V , Grzelak T , Mulhern MS , Moffett RC , Naughton PJ 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis prospective, descriptive study assessed caring practices of pet cat and dog owners in Northern Ireland with a survey questionnaire, focusing primarily on feeding and exercising. Owners of both pet cats and dogs reported that they fed their pets either twice or three times a day (53 and 78% for cats and dogs, respectively). However, in the case of nearly 40% of pet cat owners it transpired that they fed their cat(s) as often as the animal demanded (18.8%) or that food was available all the time (20.7%). Cat owners reported that their pets had access to outdoors (84%) and were not provided with any play time (53.1%). The highest number of pet dogs (46.1%) were reported as being walked daily for less than 1 h, and the highest number (38.4%) were played with daily for less than 1 h. Both cat (60%) and dog (61%) owners perceived the body condition of their animal ‘as it should be’ for animal age/sex. However, both pet cat (76%) and dog (63%) owners reported that neither their pet's bodyweight nor its body condition was monitored. Our results suggest not all pet cat and dog owners are aware of the fundamentals of their animals’ feeding requirements as regards health and many provide insufficient physical activity required for their animals’ health and welfare. The major strengths of the study include the size and geographic distribution of the study population allowing the generalisation of the results to other locations.
Do you see the same cat that I see? Relationships between Qualitative Behaviour Assessment and indicators traditionally used to assess temperament in domestic cats
Authors: Travnik IC , Sant’Anna AC 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study into the behaviour of domestic cats (Felis catus) aimed to assess the relationship between behavioural expressions obtained via the Qualitative Behaviour Assessment (QBA) and quantitative outcomes of temperament tests. Four behavioural tests were used: Unfamiliar person (UP); Novel object (NO); Conspecific reaction (CR); and Food offering (FO) tests. Tests were filmed and assessed using an ethogram that included 25 discrete behavioural categories, generating quantitative information (coding method) on the existing temperament dimensions. Videos were also assessed by another observer using the QBA method, based on a list of 20 adjectives rated in visual analogue scales (rating method). Data were analysed using Principal Component Analysis. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were used to relate the principal components (PC) of QBA to the temperament dimensions obtained with the coding method. The QBA allowed us to identify three PC, explaining 76.63% of the total variance. PC1 ranged from ‘calm/relaxed/friendly’ to ‘tense/fearful/alert’, reflecting the valence of cats’ behavioural and emotional expressions towards the stimuli tested. PC2 ranged from ‘indifferent’ to ‘agitated/active’, indicating the level of emotional arousal, and PC3 ranged from ‘aggressive’ to ‘suspicious’ and could be interpreted as an axis of ‘aggressiveness — caution’ in response to the stimuli. The first PC obtained for each test by using the coding method was significantly correlated with the PC1 of QBA, suggesting that the variations in cats’ behavioural and emotional expressions identified by QBA were correlated with the main quantitative outcomes of temperament tests traditionally applied for domestic cats. QBA could be a promising tool for identifying and differentiating cat temperament profiles. Further research is required to assess the potential use of QBA as a feasible and practical method for use in shelters.
Patient characteristics and cardiac surgical outcomes at a tertiary care hospital in Kenya, 2008–2017: a retrospective study
Authors: Chavez-Lindell Tamara , Kikwe Bob , Gikonyo Anthony , Odoi Agricola 
Published: May 2021

Background
Cardiac surgeries are high risk procedures that require specialized care and access to these procedures is often limited in resource-poor countries. Although fatalities for surgical patients across Africa are twice that of the global rate, cardiac surgical mortality continent-wide is only slightly higher than all-surgical mortality. Understanding demographic and health characteristics of patients and the associations of these characteristics with morbidity and mortality events is important in guiding care decisions. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to: (a) describe the characteristics of cardiac surgical patients; (b) identify the associations between these characteristics and morbidity and mortality events following cardiac surgery.

Methods
Patient characteristics and post-surgical complications were abstracted for all cardiac surgical patients treated at a tertiary care hospital in Kenya from 2008 to 2017. Descriptive analyses of demographic factors, co-morbidities, peri-operative conditions, and post-surgical complications were conducted for adult and pediatric patients. Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to assess temporal trends in risk of death. Multivariable ordinary logistic and Firth logistic models were used to investigate predictors of surgical outcomes.

Results
The study included a total of 181 patients (150 adult and 31 pediatric patients). Most (91.3%) adult patients had acquired conditions while 45.2% of the pediatric patients had congenital defects. Adult patients tended to have co-morbid conditions including hypertension (16.7%), diabetes mellitus (7.3%), and nephropathy (6.7%). Most patients (76.0% adults and 96.8% pediatric patients) underwent ≤ 2 surgical procedures during their hospital stay. Seventy percent of adult and 54.8% of the pediatric patients experienced at least one post-surgical complication including mediastinal hemorrhage, acute kidney injury and death. Patient characteristics played the greatest roles in predicting post-surgical complications. For adult patients, significant predictors of acute kidney injury included atrial fibrillation (OR = 18.25; p = .001), mitral valve replacement (OR = 0.14; p = .019), and use of cardiopulmonary bypass (OR = 0.06; p = .002). Significant predictors of 30-day mortality were age (OR = 1.05; p = .015) and atrial fibrillation (OR = 4.12, p = .018). Although the number of surgeries increased over the decade-long study period, there were no significant (p = .467) temporal trends in the risk of death.

Conclusions
Awareness of demographic and peri-surgical factors that are predictors of complications is useful in guiding clinical decisions to reduce morbidity and mortality. Identification of co-morbidities as the most useful predictors of post-surgical complications suggests that patient characteristics may be a larger contributor to the incidence of complications than surgical practices.
Early Impact of Lockdown on Daily Activity Behaviors and Sleep Pattern in Small Indian Population
Authors: Dwivedi Anshu , Jaiswal Saurabh , Malik Shalie , Rani Sangeeta 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Lockdown has resulted in unprecedented changes in daily behaviors including depression. We hypothesized that the lockdown would impact our daily behavior such as sleep-wake cycle, eating time, physical activities, work hours, sleep quality, etc. We also observed the depression among the population during the lockdown.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study was conducted after one month of the imposition of the lockdown (between April 26 – May 05, 2020) by an online questionnaire designed using a google form filled by individuals from different professions (N=251). The analysis was performed using one-way RM ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple analysis post hoc test. Significance was taken at P< 0.0001.
Results: The sleep-wake cycle, breakfast time was significantly delayed during the lockdown compared to weekdays before lockdown days. Total 60% of volunteers reported good sleep, 32% had increased daytime nap, maximum time spent in the usage of social media 29%, and 79% showed increased usage of electronic gadgets. The physical activity and work hours were reduced to 57% and 58% respectively. It seems that lockdown forced people to undergo depression as 54% were depressed.
Conclusion: This is the first study to conclude the changes in daily behaviors including depression. Overall, delay in the sleep-wake cycle, breakfast timings, increased sedentary lifestyle, reduction in their work hours, addiction of electronic gadgets, spending maximum time on social media with increased depression. This study is helpful for the public health systems to create awareness regarding the sleep and health improvements during as well as after lockdown.
Utilization of Eight-Variable Karnaugh Maps in the Exploration of Problems of Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Rushdi Ali Muhammad Ali , Badawi Raid Salih 
Published: May 2021

Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is an emergent methodology of diverse applications in many disciplines. However, its premises and techniques are continuously subject to discussion, debate, and (even) dispute. We use a regular and modular Karnaugh map to explore a prominent recently-posed eight-variable QCA problem. This problem involves a partially-defined Boolean function (PDBF), that is dominantly unspecified. Without using the algorithmic integer-programming approach, we devise a simple heuristic map procedure to discover minimal sets of supporting variables. The eight-variable problem studied herein is shown to have at least two distinct such sets, with cardinalities of 4 and 3, respectively. For these two sets, the pertinent function is still a partially-defined Boolean function (PDBF), equivalent to 210 = 1024 completely-specified Boolean functions (CSBFs) in the first case, and to four CSBFs only in the second case. We obtained formulas for the four functions of the second case, and a formula for a sample fifth function in the first case. Although only this fifth function is unate, each of the five functions studied does not have any non-essential prime implicant, and hence each of them enjoys the desirable feature of having a single IDF that is both a unique minimal sum and the complete sum. According to our scheme of first identifying a minimal set of supporting variables, we avoided the task of drawing prime-implicant loops on the initial eight-variable map, and postponed this task till the map became dramatically reduced in size. Our map techniques and results are hopefully of significant utility in future QCA applications.
Serum Antioxidant Enzymes, Haematological Values and Uric Acid Concentrations in Prostatic Disease Patients: An Investigative Study
Authors: Agnes Agbugba N. , Christopher Ohaeri O. , Solomon Ijioma N. , Uroko R.  I. , Ngozi Achi K. , Edith Nwaogazi N. 
Published: May 2021

Aim: In this study, the haematology, serum antioxidant enzymes, and uric acid concentrations in prostatic disease patients attending the Nephrology Department of Abia State University Teaching Hospital, Aba were evaluated.
Methodology: A total of one hundred and ten (110) adult males (aged 40-80 years) comprising of sixty (60) prostatic disease patients and 50 normal subjects were recruited. The prostatic disease patients comprised of 30 prostatitis, 20 Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), and 10 prostate cancer patients. Haematological parameters, antioxidant enzyme levels, and uric acid concentration were determined on blood samples collected from the subjects between January 2017 and December 2019.
Results: Results obtained following analysis indicated a significant fall in red blood cell count, haematocrit levels and haemoglobin concentrations in all the prostatic disease patients when compared with control subjects (p<0.05) but no significant difference was observed between the values of these parameters in the three categories of patients studied (p>0.05). Leukocyte and lymphocyte counts in the patients also did not significantly differ from those of the control subjects (p>0.05) but platelets counts were significantly lower (p<0.05). Significant elevations were observed in monocytes and granulocytes counts of prostatitis and prostate cancer patients (p<0.05). Serum antioxidant enzymes activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were lower in the prostatic disease patients than in the control (p<0.05) with SOD and GPx levels being lowest in prostatitis and prostate cancer patients respectively while serum uric acid concentration was only higher than control in the prostatitis patients (p<0.05).
Conclusion: We, therefore, conclude that complications and deaths due to prostatic diseases may be due to the systemic effects of anaemia and fall in the body’s antioxidant defense line accompanying the conditions.
Effect of Legumes on Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat in a Short Term Crop Rotation in Njoro Sub-County
Authors: Ooro P. A. , Birech R. J. , Malinga J. N. , Thuranira E. 
Published: May 2021

Aims: The study determined the effect of legumes in short term crop rotation (cereal – legumes cropping systems) on nitrogen use efficiency of wheat.
Study Design: A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used in a split-split-plot arrangement replicated three times. Three factors evaluated included water harvesting (WH), crop rotation (CR) and soil fertility management (SFM). The data obtained were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Genstat statistical package while the mean separation was performed using least significance differences (P =.05).
Place and Duration of Study: The trial was conducted at the Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization (KALRO) fields based in Njoro for three years between 2014 and 2016 during rainy seasons.
Methodology: The treatments consisted of four pre-crops in the rotation systems (CR1 = Dolichos lablab (L. purpureus) as a pre-crop; CR2 = Green pea (Pisum sativum) as a pre-crop; potato (Solanum tuberosum) as a pre-crop; and CR4 = continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum), two water harvesting (WH) strategies (WH = flat beds; and WH= tied ridges) and six soil fertility management (SFM) strategies (SFM1 = untreated control; SFM2 = FYM at 5 t ha-1; SFM3 = Green manure (Leucaena trichandra) at 2.5 t ha-1; SFM4 = inorganic source at 25 kg N ha-1; SFM5 = inorganic source at 50 kg N ha-1; and SFM6 = Inorganic source at 75 kg N ha-1)..
Results: The results revealed that the value of NUE significantly (p < 0.001) increased when P. sativum and L. purpureus preceded wheat in the short term crop rotation system. The value of NUE increased by 39% and 44%, when wheat was preceded L. purpureus and P. sativum, respectively, relative to S. tuberosum. Under continuous wheat, NUE value was increased by 54.17% relative to potato as a pre-crop. Overall, the contribution of legumes (L. purpureus and P. sativum) as precursor crops was greater than those observed with potato and wheat as pre-crops.
Optimization of Cultural Conditions for Maximum Production of Fibrinolytic Enzymes from the Local Marine Bacterial Isolates and Evaluation of their Wound Healing and Clot Dissolving Properties
Authors: Gowthami K. , Madhuri R. Jaya 
Published: May 2021

Fibrinolytic enzymes find necessary applications to treat and prevent cardiovascular diseases. In this study, optimal conditions for enhancing the production of fibrinolytic enzyme from local marine bacterial strains were evaluated. The present study also focuses on screening of wound healing efficacy of the isolated fibrinolytic enzymes.Various physical parameters such as temperature, pH, incubation time and medium components viz. inoculum size, substrate (nitrogen and carbon) concentrations were optimized. A cultivation medium was designed using optimized conditions for mass production of fibrinolytic enzyme and specific activity of enzyme was analyzed. The maximum enzyme production was observed at 37 °C temperature, 8.0 pH,substrate concentration with 3 ml inoculum size and 32 h. of incubation time. Among the different carbon sources tested, Mannitol showed maximum enzyme activity i.e 538 U/ml. yeast extract was found to be the best nitrogen source with an enzyme activity of 498 U/ml. The best substrate for the production fibrinolytic enzyme was found to be kernelwith high activity of 1056U/ml. The crude enzyme displayed potent activity and digested blood clot completely in in vitro condition and exhibited potent activity on wound healing property in macrophages.
Potential for Neutralizing Chicken Egg Yolk (Igy) Generated against Mastitis Bovine, Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Mahenthiran R. , Alamelu K. V. Sri , Ravi Sornambiga 
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Mastitis is a complex disease, defined as an inflammation of parenchymal cells of mammary glands. It is a most common disease in dairy cattle. More than 250 microbes are found to cause mastitis. Recent report shows that total loss of about $2295/month in worldwide due to mastitis.
Researchgap/Challenges: Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) provides an inexpensive and effective source of antibodies for the passive immunization of animals. It is a promising alternative for the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections, and has shown to be effective against a number of pathogens.
Aim: To develop an inexpensive and effective source of antibodies by using chicken egg yolk against mastitis caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bovine.
Methodology: Bovine mastitis infected milk sample was collected in and around Coimbatore, India. Initial step was to isolate and identify the microbes like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from milk samples of cattle infected with mastitis. Then to prepare and standardize the whole cell antigen of Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa followed by generation of antibodies against the prepared antigens in 21-weeks old white Leghorn chickens. Next step includes purification and characterization of anti-Klebsiella pneumoniae IgY and anti - Pseudomonas aeruginosa IgY antibodies from the egg yolk of immunized chickens. Finally, to evaluate the specificity of the purified IgY by Indirect ELISA and to measure the inhibitory activity of the IgY against the pathogens by growth inhibition assay.
Results: Cell antigen was prepared. Anti- Klebsiella pneumoniae IgY and anti - Pseudomonas aeruginosa IgY were recovered from chicken egg yolk that was detected by protein estimation (Lowry et al technique) and ELISA. In Lowry et al method (1951) total anti P. aeruginosa IgY was found to be 0.511 mg ml-1 and total anti K. pneumoniae IgY was found to be 0.522 mg ml-1.
Conclusion: Generated antibodies were identified as very specific to the immunization antigen. Based on invitro studies generated antibodies were specific to immunized antigen. It concluded that it will be useful or therapeutic after further conformation.