bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and Feasibility Tests of a Gas-driven Bionic Flytrap Soft Robot
Authors: Li Jian , Yan Jie , Huang Meizhen , Wang Yangwei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The research of bionic soft robot is a complex system engineering, including soft matrix material, soft actuator, soft sensor and bionic control system. Unlike most animals, plants cannot move in whole voluntarily. However, for the purpose of energy and nutrition, various parts of the plant body also carry out various movements, which vary from millisecond to hour on a large time scale. As a result, Plants are considered a source of inspiration for innovative engineering solutions, and a growing number of researchers are investigating the mechanisms of plant movement and biomimetic research. In this paper, the biological morphology, microstructure and movement mechanism of Venus flytrap leaf were studied and analyzed, and a bionic flytrap grassland machine with chamber design was designed and manufactured. Firstly, according to the research report on the biological morphology, microstructure and movement mechanism of Venus flytrap, the idea of chamber design was determined. Based on this observation, we reconstructed the leaf model and bionic structure of Venus flytrap by reverse modeling. Based on the principle of turgor pressure deformation, the chamber design rules of bionic Venus flytrap blade were formulated and optimized with silica gel as the bulk material. The flow channel design of Venus flytrap blade was studied and explored. Finally, the bionic Venus flytrap leaf was made by 3D printing technology and silica gel casting process, and the two bionic leaves were clamped at a certain opening Angle. The bending performance of bionic flytrap blade and the flytrap closure experiment were studied by air pressure excitation. The experimental results show that the bionic Venus flytrap blade can complete bending and closing experiments, and the bionic Venus flytrap can complete the whole capturing process within 5s. The leaf opening Angle of the bionic Venus flytrap reaches 80 degrees, which fits well with the real Venus flytrap blade and meets the design requirements and bionic goals. Apparently, this study is the first to design the chamber of the bionic flytrap leaf, formulate rules, and study the possibility of its deformation. It provides a new idea for the study of the movement and deformation of plant leaves, and expands the application of bionic robots, especially the robot solutions for plant types.
Diagnostic Utility of Serum and Urine Biomarkers in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Dan , Lu Li-Ping , Zhao Zhi-Guo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Membranous nephropathy is an autoimmune nephropathy that is one of the most common pathological types of nephrotic syndrome. It is important to find and apply specific biomarkers for the noninvasive diagnosis of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). However, there are limited data about their diagnostic value. Therefore, an overall meta-analysis helps to identify effective biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of IMN.
Methods

A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and Web of Science from inception until December 31, 2020. Two researchers searched for studies that met the inclusion criteria. The results of the joint study were expressed in terms of sensitivity and specificity.
Results

The meta-analysis included 24 studies with biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of IMN, including phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R), thrombospondin type I domain-containing 7A (THSD7A), lysosome membrane protein-2 (LIMP-2) and circular RNAs. The diagnostic efficiency of PLA2R for IMN had a combined sensitivity of 60% and a combined specificity of 100%. The diagnostic efficiency of THSD7A for IMN had a combined sensitivity of 3% and a combined specificity of 99%. The diagnostic efficiency of urinary LIMP-2 for IMN was 100%, and the specificity was 100%. The diagnostic efficiency of exosomal circRNAs for IMN was 100%, and the specificity was 100%.
Conclusions

This meta-analysis shows that PLA2R and THSD7A are of important diagnostic value for IMN. More studies are needed in the future to reveal the diagnostic value of LIMP-2 and circRNAs for IMN. At the same time, other new diagnostic biomarkers in IMN need to be found in the future.
Post-Traumatic Headache After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury In A One-Year Follow Up Study – Risk Factors And Return To Work
Authors: Kraemer Yvonn , Mäki Kaisa , Marinkovic Ivan , Nybo Taina , Isokuortti Harri , Huovinen Antti , Korvenoja Antti , Melkas Susanna , Harno Hanna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is a common symptom following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). Patients at risk to develop acute PTH (aPTH) and further persistent PTH (pPTH) need to be recognized. Methods: This is a one-year follow-up of 127 patients with mTBI, aged 18 to 68, referred to outpatient clinic in the Helsinki University Hospital. Symptoms were assessed at the emergency department (ED), with structured interview at outpatient clinic visit and with Rivermead post-concussion symptom questionnaire at one, three, and 12 months after injury. Psychiatric disorders were assessed with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I disorders at 3-4 months and return to work (RTW) from patient records. Results: At one month, 77/127 patients (61%) had aPTH. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, risk factors for aPTH were headache at the emergency department (ED) (OR 5.43), other pain (OR 3.19), insomnia (OR 3.23), and vertigo (OR 5.98). At three months, 17 patients (22% of aPTH patients) had developed pPTH, and at one year, 4 patients (24% of pPTH patients) still presented with pPTH. Risk factors for pPTH at three months were older age (OR 1.06) and current insomnia (OR 12.3). The frequency of psychiatric disorders did not differ between the groups. pPTH patients performed worse on their RTW. Conclusions: Risk factors for aPTH were insomnia, headache at ED, other pain, and vertigo and for pPTH, insomnia and older age. RTW rate was lower among pPTH patients.
Motor Development Problems in Infancy Predict Mental Disorders in Childhood: Longitudinal Child Cohort Study
Authors: Pant Sofie Weber , Skovgaard Anne Mette , Ammitzbøll Janni , Holstein Bjørn Evald , Pedersen Trine Pagh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The aim was to examine whether motor development problems in infancy predicted mental disorders later in childhood, taking a wide array of potential confounder variables into consideration. This longitudinal study included an unselected study population of 33,238 newborn children from the Copenhagen area in Denmark. Data on the predictor variable motor development problems at age 8-10 months was obtained from the community health nurses’ systematic evaluation of the child’s motor development problems during a home visit stored in the Child Health Database. Data on outcome, diagnosed mental disorders before age 8 years, was obtained from the Danish National Patient Register. The study included potential confounders obtained from the Child Health Database, the National Birth Register, and the Civil Registration System. The prevalence of motor development problems at age 8-10 months was 19.3% and the incidence of any diagnosed mental disorder from age 11 months to the 8th birthday was 4.0%. Motor development problems were associated with an overall increased risk of being diagnosed with a mental disorder before the 8th birthday, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.47 (1.29-1.67), in particular diagnosed neuro-developmental disorders, AOR 1.77 (1.52-2.06), such as autism-spectrum disorders, AOR 1.63 (1.31-2.03), hyperactivity/ attention deficit disorders, AOR 1.29 (1.03-1.61) and disorders of intellectual disability, AOR 3.28 (2.39-4.49). Conclusion: Motor development problems as early at age 9-10 months are predictive of neurodevelopmental disorders at age 1-8 years. The findings call for clinical attention and more research in the preventive potentials in the community child health care.
Laparoscopic Splenic Hilar Lymph Node Dissection is Recommended for Pathologic Stage IIIA Middle and Upper Gastric Cancer: A Comparative Study with Standard D2 Laparoscopic Distal Gastrectomy
Authors: Lin Jian-Xian , Huang Ying-Qi , Tang Yi-Hui , Xie Jian-Wei , Wang Jia-Bin , Lu Jun , Chen Qi-Yue , Cao Long-Long , Lin Mi , Tu Ru-Hong , Huang Ze-Ning , Lin Ju-Li , Li Ping , Huang Chang-Ming , Zheng Chao-Hui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose

D2 lymphadenectomy is considered a standard procedure for distal gastrectomy (DG). However, whether splenic hilar (No. 10) lymph node (LN) should be included in the extent of D2 lymphadenectomy for total gastrectomy (TG) is still controversial. Therefore, we assessed the survival benefit of laparoscopic No.10 LN dissection based on the comparison of long-term survival of patients undergoing laparoscopic TG (LTG) with laparoscopic No.10 LN dissection and laparoscopic DG (LDG).
Methods

The clinicopathological data of 2069 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical gastrectomy were retrospectively analyzed. The survival of the LDG group, the LTG with dissection of No. 10 LN (LTG+No. 10) group and the LTG without dissection of No. 10 LN (LTG-No. 10) group was compared.
Results

After adjusting for age, pT stage, pN stage and pTNM stage by 1:1:1 propensity score matching (PSM), there were 373 patients in each group. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) survival analysis showed that only in the pIIIA stage, the 5-year survival overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) of the LTG+No. 10 group was significantly better than that of the LTG-No. 10 group and comparable with that of the LDG group. Multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that dissection of No. 10 LN was an independent favorable factor for OS and CSS in all patients and patients with pIIIA.
Conclusion

In patients with stage pIIIA, those undergoing LTG with No. 10 LN dissection could achieve a long-term outcome comparable to that of patients at the same pathological stage undergoing LDG.
Varus Morphology And Its Surgical Implication In Osteoarthritic Knee And Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Suardi Chiara , Innocenti Matteo , Stimolo Davide , Zanna Luigi , Carulli Christian , Matassi Fabrizio , Civinini Roberto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Knee varus alignment represents a notorious cause of knee osteoarthritis. It can be caused by tibial deformity, combined tibial-femoral deformity and/or ligament imbalance. Understanding malalignment is crucial in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to restore frontal plane neutral mechanical axis. The aim of this study was to determine which factor contributes the most to varus osteoarthritic knee and its related surgical implications in performing a TKA.
Methods

We retrospectively evaluated 140 patients operated for TKA due to a varus knee. Full-leg hip to ankle preoperative X-rays were taken. Radiological parameters recorded were: mechanical axis deviation (MAD), hip-knee-ankle (HKA), anatomical-mechanical Angle (AMA), medial neck-shaft angle (MNSA), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), joint line convergence angle (JLCA), lateral proximal femoral angle (LPFA), lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA), femoral bowing and length of tibia and femur. We also determined ideals tibial and femoral cuts in mm according to mechanical alignment technique. A R2 was calculated based on the linear regression between the predicted values and the observed data.
Results

The greatest contributor to arthritic varus (R=0,444) was MPTA. Minor contributors were mLDFA (R= 0.076), JLCA (R = 0,1554), LDTA (R = 0.065), Femoral Bowing (R= 0,049). We recorded an average of 7,6 mm in lateral tibial cut thickness to restore neutral alignment.
Conclusions

The radiological major contributor to osteoarthritic varus knee alignment is related to proximal tibia deformity. As a surgical consequence, during performing TKA, the majority of the correction should therefore be made on tibial cut.
Exploration On Definition And The Components of Food And Nutrition Literacy Among Junior Secondary School Students: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Samruayruen Kingkaew , Kitreerawutiwong Nithra 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Food and nutrition literacy (FANLit) has been proposed to promote healthy diet behaviour and is believed to decrease the prevalence of overweight, obesity and chronic disease. However, the perspective of junior secondary school students, aged 12-15 years and stakeholders on FANLit is not well-defined. This study aims to explore the definition and the components of FANLit.Methods: This qualitative study were carried out in Health region 2 includes Phitsanulok, Sukhothai, Tak, Uttradit and Pethchboon province. 49 participants were recruited from national and regional levels of Thailand. Data were collected by in-depth interview and focus group discussion using semi-structured questionnaire. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.Results: FANLit is defined as an individual’s level of knowledge and skills (fundamental, interactive and critical) that relates to food and nutrition to make appropriate food selection and nutrients. Four themes of FANLit were identified as follows: 1) food and nutrition knowledge (Subthemes: food knowledge, food understanding, nutrition knowledge, and nutrition understanding), 2) functional food and nutrition literacy (Subthemes: accessing to food and nutrition information, food selection, food preparation, daily food and nutrition planning and management), 3) interactive food and nutrition literacy (Subthemes: communication with others, sharing and discussion), and 4) critical food and nutrition literacy (Subthemes: information used in decision making, healthy food selection, effective budgeting.Conclusions: The results provide beneficial information regarding FANLit definition which is the initial stage to develop the assessing instrument and the intervention to improve FANlit in the adolescent group.
Unveiling the Synthesis of Spirocyclic, Tricyclic and Bicyclic Triazolooxazines From Intramolecular [3+2] Azide-alkyne Cycloadditions With a Molecular Electron Density Theory Perspective
Authors: Acharjee Nivedita , Mohammad-Salim Haydar A , Chakraborty Mrinmoy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of azido alkynes leading to spirocyclic, tricyclic and bicyclic triazolooxazines has been studied within the molecular electron density theory (MEDT) at the MPWB1K/6-311G(d,p) level. The Electron localization function (ELF) characterizes the azido alkynes as zwitterionic species. Analysis of the Conceptual DFT indices allows classifying the azide moiety as the electrophilic counterpart and the alkyne as the nucleophilic one. These 32CA reactions are under kinetic control with the activation free energies of 23.4 - 26.7 kcal mol-1. Along the reaction path, the pseudoradical center is created initially at C4, consistent with the Parr function analysis, however the sequence of bond formation is controlled by the energetically feasible formation of the six membered oxazine ring. The intermolecular interactions at the TSs were characterized from the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) study and the Non covalent interaction (NCI) gradient isosurfaces.
Occurrence of Infestation with the Isopod, Alitropus Typus M. Edwards (Crustacea: Flabellifera: Aegidae) on Commercially Important Freshwater Fishes of Kerala, India
Authors: Suresh Kummari , Gopi Shalini , Rakesh C.G. , Ittoop Gijo , Pillai Devika 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Rapidly rising temperatures and increasing organic load in the inland and coastal waters has led to a significant increase in parasite population. The isopod Alitropus typus infestation on fish in these waters have become more frequent, causing mortalities in both wild and cultured fishes. The present study was aimed to investigate the infestation on different fish hosts, mean intensity, prevalence, environmental influences on the parasite abundance and the histopathological changes it causes in the host. A total of 219 isopod specimens were collected from 149 infested fishes in two districts of Kerala, India. Among the different fish hosts, Channa striata was found to be the most susceptible, followed by Catla catla, Cyprinus carpio, and Wallago attu, with 81%, 10%, 7%, and 2% occurrence, respectively. The prevalence and mean intensity of infestation were found to be 69.8%, 44.4%, 68.2%, 62.5% and 1.33, 4.25, 1.26, 1.80 in C. striata, W. attu, C. catla, and C. carpio, respectively. The parasite abundance was directly influenced by temperature and rainfall patterns. The histopathology of affected gill tissues showed epithelial lifting, rupture of secondary gill filaments, vacuole formation and hemocytic infiltration. The findings indicated that the isopod parasite, A. typus had a negative impact on fish health and appearance, causing economic losses to the small scale farmers/fishermen. This is the first reported record of the infestation of isopod parasite, A. typus on the Indian major carp C. catla and C. carpio from India.
TRAIL-R Deficient Mice Are Protected From Neurotoxic Effects of Amyloid-β
Authors: Benedetto Giulia Di , Burgaletto Chiara , Serapide Maria Francesca , Munafò Antonio , Bellanca Carlo Maria , Mauro Rosaria Di , Bernardini Renato , Cantarella Giuseppina 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
TRAIL, a member of TNF superfamily, is a potent inducer of neuronal death. Neurotoxic effects of TRAIL appear mediated by its death receptor TRAIL-R2/DR5. To assess the role of TRAIL/TRAIL-R2 pathway in AD-related neurodegeneration, we studied the impact of the treatment with amyloid-β (Aβ) upon cell viability and inflammation in TRAIL-R-deficient mice (TRAIL-R-/-). Here, we demonstrate that the lack of TRAIL-R2 protects from death cultured TRAIL-R-/- mouse embryonic hippocampal cells undergone treatment with either Aβ1-42 or TRAIL. Consistently, stereotaxic injection of Aβ1-42 resulted in blunted caspase activation, as well as in reduction of JNK phosphorylation and increased AKT phosphorylation in TRAIL-R-/- mice. Moreover, the lack of TRAIL-R2 was associated with blunted constitutive p53 expression in mice undergone Aβ1-42 treatment, as well as in decrease of phosphorylated forms of tau and GSK3β protein. Likewise, TRAIL-R2 appears essential to both TRAIL-Aβ mediated neurotoxicity and inflammation. Indeed, hippocampi of TRAIL-R-/- mice, challenged with Aβ1-42, showed a scanty expression of microglial (Iba-1) and astrocytic (GFAP) markers along with attenuated levels of IL-1β, TNF-a, iNOS and COX2. In conclusion, the bulk of these results demonstrate that the constitutive lack of TRAIL-R2 is associated with a substantial reduction of noxious effects of Aβ1-42, providing further evidence on the prominent role played by TRAIL in course of Aβ-related neurodegeneration and confirming that the TRAIL system represents a potential target for innovative AD therapy.
Tregs Biomimetic Nanoparticle to Reprogram Inflammatory and Redox Microenvironment in Infarct Tissue to Inhibit the Remodeling of the Left Ventricle of Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Mice
Authors: Li Fangyuan , Liu Daozhou , Liu Miao , Ji Qifeng , Zhang Bangle , Mei Qibing , Cheng Ying , Zhou Si-yuan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

At present, patients with myocardial infarction remain an increased risk for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI), which currently lacks an effective therapeutic method. It is still a bottleneck that effectively deliver drug to ischemic myocardium to treat MI/RI. Inspired by the protective effect of regulatory T cells (Tregs) on MI/RI and natural role of platelets in adhesion with damaged blood vessel in heart during myocardial infarct, a Tregs biomimetic nanoparticle (CsA@PPTK) was prepared by camouflaging a cyclosporin A (CsA)-loaded and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-sensitive nanoparticle with platelet membrane.
Results

In MI/RI mice, CsA@PPTK could be preferentially delivered to ischemic myocardium. CsA@PPTK significantly scavenged ROS in ischemic myocardium, while it also markedly increased the generation of Tregs and the ratio of M2 type macrophage to M1 type macrophage in ischemic myocardium. Furthermore, CsA@PPTK significantly attenuated apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in ischemic myocardium. At the same time, CsA@PPTK obviously reduced the infarct size, fibrosis area and the protein expression of MMP-9, while increased the protein expression of CX43. Subsequently, the remodeling of the left ventricle was significant alleviated. Finally, heart function of MI/RI mice was markedly improved.
Conclusion

CsA@PPTK has great potential in the treatment of MI/RI. This study provides a novel class of heart protective biomimetic platform that is beneficial for treatment of MI/RI.
Fast Anther Dehiscence Status Recognition System Establishing by Deep Learning to Screen Heat Tolerant Cotton
Authors: Tan Zhihao , Shi Jiawei , Lv Rongjie , Li Qingyuan , Yang Jing , Ma Yizan , Li Yanlong , Wu Yuanlong , Zhang Rui , Ma Huanhuan , Li Yawei , Zhu Li , Zhu Longfu , Zhang Xianlong , Kong Jie , Yang Wanneng , Min Ling 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCotton is one of the most economically important crops in the world. The fertility of male reproductive organs is a key determinant of cotton yield. The anther dehiscence or indehiscence directly determine the probability of fertilization in cotton. Thus, the rapid and accurate identification of cotton anther dehiscence status is important for judging anther growth status and promoting genetic breeding research. The development of computer vision technology and the advent of big data have prompted the application of deep learning techniques to agricultural phenotype research. Therefore, two deep learning models (Faster R-CNN and YOLOv5) were proposed to detect the number and dehiscence status of anthers. ResultThe single-stage model based on YOLOv5 has higher recognition efficiency and the ability to deploy to the mobile end. Breeding researchers can apply this model to terminals to achieve a more intuitive understanding of cotton anther dehiscence status. Moreover, three improvement strategies of Faster R-CNN model were proposed, the improved model has higher detection accuracy than YOLOv5 model. We have made four improvements to the Faster R-CNN model and after the ensemble of the four models, R2 of “open” reaches 0.8765, R2 of “close” reaches 0.8539, R2 of “all” reaches 0.8481, higher than the prediction result of either model alone, and can completely replace the manual counting method. We can use this model to quickly extract the dehiscence rate of cotton anther under high temperature (HT) condition. In addition, the percentage of dehiscent anther of randomly selected 30 cotton varieties were observed from cotton population under normal conditions and HT conditions through the ensemble of Faster R-CNN model and manual observation. The result showed HT varying decreased the percentage of dehiscent anther in different cotton lines, consistent with the manual method. ConclusionsThe deep learning technology first time been applied to cotton anther dehiscence status recognition instead of manual method to quickly screen the HT tolerant cotton varieties and can help to explore the key genetic improvement genes in the future, promote cotton breeding and improvement.