bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raoultella terrigena y Pectobacterium carotovorum en hortalizas en dos provincias de Costa Rica
Authors: Cubero-Agüero Diego , Brenes-Guillén Laura , Vidaurre -Barahona Daniela , Uribe-Lorío Lorena 
Published: January 2021

Introducción. La pudrición blanda en los cultivos es causada por un grupo de bacterias capaces de secretar enzimas que degradan la pectina de la pared celular de las plantas y ocasionan pérdidas económicas importantes en la agricultura a nivel mundial. En Costa Rica existe poca información acerca de la distribución, hospederos y diversidad genética de los agentes causales de esta enfermedad. Objetivo. Identificar la presencia de bacterias causantes de pudrición blanda en hortalizas de la zona de Cartago y Alajuela con análisis moleculares, enzimáticos y técnicas de patogenicidad. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre julio y octubre de 2017 en Cartago y Alajuela, Costa Rica. Se recolectaron plantas con síntomas de pudrición blanda en: chile dulce (Capcicum annum), hojas y bulbos de cebolla (Allium cepa), plantas de zucchini (Cucurbita pepo), frutos de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) y plantas de papa (Solanum tuberosum). Se realizaron aislamientos bacterianos en un medio selectivo de cristal violeta y pectato (CVP). Se efectuaron ensayos de reacción hipersensible (RH), los aislamientos se inocularon en hojas de chile dulce y se llevaron a cabo pruebas de patogenicidad (postulados de Koch) para las bacterias positivas. Los aislamientos se identificaron molecularmente mediante el gen ARN-Ribosomal 16S. Resultados. Se aislaron cinco bacterias con actividad pectinolítica: Pt1-A, 6-M2, Ech2A, CfspA y Cfsab. Según el análisis de patogenicidad, las cepas CfspA, Cfsab y Ech2A fueron causantes de pudrición blanda en chile. No se logró reproducir los síntomas en cebolla y papa. De acuerdo con la identificación molecular, las cepas CfspA y Cfsab se clasificaron dentro del clado de Pectobacterium carotovorum, mientras que Ech2A se clasificó como Raoultella terrigena. Conclusión. Las bacterias Raoultella terrigena y Pectobacterium carotovorum se consideraron los agentes causales de pudrición blanda del chile en las zonas de Cartago y Alajuela, respectivamente.
The RNAi as a tool to control tropical pathogens
Authors: Hernández-Soto Alejandro , Echeverría-Beirute Fabián , Guzmán-Hernández Tomás 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Sustainable farming requires new tools for the control of pathogens, since there is a constant evolution to overcome the current biological and chemical strategies. The information provided by the transcriptomics allows creating new possibilities to tackle the pathogens. It is possible to interrupt the genetic expression of a pathogen and disable it using RNA interference (RNAi). Objective. To perform an analysis of an emerging technology useful for pest control, based on RNA interference. Development. Sustainable farming is measured based through social, economic, and environmental indicators. A key indicator of agriculture is the decrease in inputs for the control of pathogens and the increase in their specificity. Pest control mechanisms based on RNA interference meet both parameters. RNAi is known to have at least two functions, first for gene expression regulation, and secondly as a defense mechanism against pathogens. Consequently, RNAi can be used to protect crops from pathogens by developing genetically modified plants, or by the external application form of an aerosol. The RNAi aerosol is a tool that relies on inactivating the pathogen genes and can complement other agronomic tools available for this purpose. It is possible to design RNAi against tropical pests based on published transcriptomes, although it is necessary to overcome limitations regarding design, degradation, and stability. Conclusion. Interference RNA methods have the potential to be useful tools to control tropical pathogens as an alternative to achieve sustainable farming.
Erwinia billingiae causes bacterial Canker of Mango (Mangifera indica) in Costa Rica
Authors: Vidaurre-Barahona Daniela , Wang-Wong Amy , Uribe-Lorío Lorena 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. In Costa Rica, bacterial canker of mango has caused economic losses in most of the productive areas since the mid-1980s. The causal agents have been identified only by phenotypic methods such as Erwinia mangifera and E. herbicola. Objective. To confirm, using a molecular and phenotypic approach, the species of the Enterobacteriaceae the cause bacterial canker of mango in Costa Rica. Material and methods. Fruits, branches, and trunks with symptoms were collected in different orchards in the Alajuela province. Bacterial isolation was performed, and pathogenicity was evaluated by inoculating fruits and trunks of the Tommy Atkins variety. The positive isolates for the pathogenic test were re-inoculated, isolated, and identified in order to fulfill Koch’s postulates. The CIBCM-Mg-115 positive isolate that caused symptoms was analyzed by complete biochemical characterization and molecular identification by phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA and the atpD, gyrB, infB, and rpoB housekeeping genes. Results. According to the data obtained from the biochemical and molecular analysis, the CIBCM-Mg-115 strain was identified as Erwinia billingiae. Conclusion. E. billingiae corresponds to one of the causal agents of bacterial canker on mango (M. indica) trees in Costa Rica.
Eficacia de un sustituto de calostro sobre la transferencia de inmunidad pasiva en terneras
Authors: Elizondo-Salazar Jorge Alberto , Zumbado-Alpízar Luis Rodolfo 
Published: January 2021

Introducción. Los sustitutos de calostro han aumentado su popularidad en Costa Rica como una alternativa al calostro de mala calidad, reservas limitadas, o para romper el ciclo de transmisión de ciertas enfermedades infecciosas. Sin embargo, es importante asegurarse de que estos productos sean efectivos y capaces de proporcionar concentraciones séricas de IgG adecuadas. Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia de un sustituto del calostro versus el calostro materno en terneras de lechería. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se llevó a cabo durante el primer semestre del 2019 en sesenta terneras Jersey (veinte terneras por tratamiento) que fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a uno de tres tratamientos que consistieron en suplementar a las terneras con: 3 l de calostro materno (tratamiento 1), 335 g de sustituto de calostro que contenía 150 g de IgG (tratamiento 2) y 2 l de calostro materno + 110 g de suplemento de calostro que contenía 55 g de IgG (tratamiento 3). Se recogieron muestras de sangre de todas las terneras 48 h después de la administración del calostro y se analizaron las concentraciones de proteína sérica total e IgG. Resultados. Las terneras alimentadas con calostro materno y con calostro materno + suplemento de calostro tuvieron concentraciones más altas de proteína sérica total (p<0,05) y concentraciones de IgG en comparación con las terneras alimentadas con el sustituto de calostro; sin embargo, las terneras que recibieron el sustituto de calostro lograron obtener una transferencia adecuada de inmunidad pasiva (>10 g de IgG) y tuvieron una mayor eficiencia aparente de absorción. No hubo diferencias significativas (p>0,05) con respecto a los parámetros de crecimiento y el estado de salud de las terneras. Conclusiones. El reemplazador de calostro evaluado proporcionó una adecuada concentración de IgG en las terneras evaluadas y se podría utilizar como una alternativa cuando no se cuenta con calostro materno.
Perfil mineral sérico de vacas Holstein en lactación en sistemas mixtos de estabulación-pastoreo
Authors: Morales-Almaráz Ernesto , Vieyra-Alberto Rodolfo , Domínguez-Vara Ignacio Arturo , López-González Felipe , Arriaga-Jordán Carlos Manuel , Sánchez-Torres Juan Edrei 
Published: January 2021

Introducción. Los minerales juegan un papel muy importante en la nutrición, porque son necesarios para la biosíntesis de nutrientes esenciales. Objetivo. Evaluar el estado mineral en suero sanguíneo, el consumo de minerales y la producción de leche de vacas Holstein en pastoreo suplementadas con distintos niveles de alimento concentrado y tiempo de permanencia en la pradera en el valle de Toluca, México. Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron dos experimentos con un diseño de cuadro Latino 3x3 cada uno en la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, realizados en primavera-verano de 2011-2012. En el experimento uno se evaluó el nivel de concentrado en la dieta (3, 5 y 8 kg día-1) en vacas pastoreando; en el experimento dos se evaluaron tres tiempos de permanencia en la pradera (ocho horas continuas; dos tiempos de cuatro horas post-ordeño; y doce horas). En ambos experimentos se ofertó ensilado de maíz a libre consumo en el corral. En suero sanguíneo y alimentos se les midió la concentración de Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Cu, Fe y Zn. Se realizaron análisis de correlación simple y de regresión múltiple para las variables de estudio. Resultados. El nivel de concentrado y el tiempo de permanencia en la pradera afectaron (p<0,05) el consumo de la mayoría de los minerales; no se cubrieron los requerimientos de Ca, P, Mg, K y Zn, y hubo exceso de Fe. Independientemente de la estrategia de alimentación, el contenido de minerales en suero sanguíneo de los bovinos fue adecuado para P, Na, Cu y Fe; marginal de Ca, deficiente en Mg y Zn; y hubo exceso de K. Conclusiones. El consumo de minerales no fue determinante para predecir la concentración de minerales en suero sanguíneo de vacas lecheras, sin embargo, mostró influencia sobre la producción de leche de vacas bajo dos sistemas de producción mixta pastoreo-estabulación.
Sensory dimensions of peach-palm fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and implications for future genetics
Authors: Martínez José María , Moreno-Caicedo Leidy Paola , Loaiza-Loaiza Oscar Alfonso 
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Long-term genetic improvement efforts in Latin America aimed to ameliorate peach-palm fruit farmers’ technical capacities and livelihoods have proven to be ineffective. Although experts agree this is partly the result of large uncertainty regarding consumer preferences, such research remains as virtually nonexistent. Objective. To identify chemical and morphologic attributes that are attractive for final consumers of peach-palm fruit and how these attributes are related to final perceptions of fruit quality, through statistical and econometric methods. Materials and methods. By using the harvest from a large set of varieties from a peach-palm (Bactris gasipaes) germplasm bank in Southwestern Colombia, 482 evaluations were made between April to October of 2016 by local consumers who tasted the fruits and gave a report on their perception of taste/quality in a case study scheme. Combining these data with further information on fruit color, oiliness perception, and additional controls, an ordered logit regression model was set to identify the attributes that describe peach-palm fruits with the most favorable scores for their taste/quality perception. Results. Preferences on oil contents were not linear. Fruits perceived as high-oil were between 9 and 13 % more likely to be considered as having the best taste/quality, while those perceived high-starch content were correlated with a significant aversion towards the fruit, namely 43 % less likely to be among the best fruits. Conclusion. A great deal of research is yet to be done around peach-palm fruit consumer preferences and, furthermore, it should be carried on an interdisciplinary ground. Further analyses of desired fruit traits should be made at sub-national levels, identifying ranges of suitable oiliness and morphological expected attributes and how available genetic material could help to satisfy those needs.
The Cohesiveness of Veiled Women's Da’wah Communication Group
Authors: Arianto Arianto 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to understand the cohesiveness of the da'wah communication of veiled women in the guidance of Islamic teachings. It closely relates the perception of cohesiveness to the sensation component of the collectivity of group members. For example, communication, collectivity, cooperation, common goals, and interdependence of group members. The research method used is descriptive qualitative, case study research type. The subject of the study were 6 female informants, representatives of Hasanuddin University students who wore a veil in their daily life. The collected data were analyzed inductively. The result that the cohesiveness of veiled women's dakwah communication includes aspects of interpersonal communication cohesiveness, commitment cohesiveness, and cohesiveness aspects of achieving common goals. This aspect of cohesiveness focuses his life on life after death. This also makes them have a strong, cooperative, and sincere character together. The cohesiveness of da'wah communication to continually learn with Islam. It veils the research implication of the cohesiveness of women on equality for preaching, da'wah is the purpose of life so it unites them in da'wah efforts.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memahami kohesifitas komunikasi dakwah kelompok wanita bercadar dalam tuntunan ajaran Islam. Persepsi kohesifias sangat terkait dengan komponen sensasi kolektifitas anggota kelompok. Seperti, komunikasi, kolektifitas, kerjasama, tujuan bersama, dan saling ketergantungan anggota kelompok. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif, tipe penelitian studi kasus (case study). Subjek penelitian wanita bercadar sebanyak 6 informan, representatif mahasiswi Universitas Hasanuddin yang mengenakan cadar dalam keseharian. Selanjutnya, data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara induktif. Hasil penelitian bahwa kohesivitas komunikasi dakwah wanita bercadar meliputi aspek kohesifitas berkomunikasi interpersonal, aspek kohesifitas berkomitmen, dan aspek kohesifitas pencapaian tujuan bersama. Aspek kohesifitas ini memfokuskan kehidupannya untuk kehidupan sesudah mati. Hal ini juga menjadikan mereka memiliki karakter bersama yang kuat, bekerjsama, dan ikhlas. Kohesifitas komunikasi dakwah dalam upaya keinginan belajar bersama Islam secara terus menerus. Impilikasi penelitian kohesifitas wanita bercadar pada kesamaaan untuk berdakwah, dakwah adalah tujuan hidup sehingga mereka disatukan dalam usaha dakwah.
Editorial
Authors: Arxiu Revista 
Published: January 2021

Teniu a les vostres mans el número anual miscel·lani de la revista Arxiu d’Etnografia de Catalunya que té com a objectiu ser un referent acadèmic en la disseminació de la recerca en Antropologia Social i, més en clau universitària, projectar la recerca que duem a terme des del Departament d’Antropologia, Filosofia i Treball Social de la Universitat Rovira i Virgili.
Toward Physics-Based Nonergodic PSHA: A Prototype Fully Deterministic Seismic Hazard Model for Southern California
Authors: Milner Kevin R. , Shaw Bruce E. , Goulet Christine A. , Richards-Dinger Keith B. , Callaghan Scott , Jordan Thomas H. , Dieterich James H. , Field Edward H. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
We present a nonergodic framework for probabilistic seismic-hazard analysis (PSHA) that is constructed entirely of deterministic, physical models. The use of deterministic ground-motion simulations in PSHA calculations is not new (e.g., CyberShake), but prior studies relied on kinematic rupture generators to extend empirical earthquake rupture forecasts. Fully dynamic models, which simulate rupture nucleation and propagation of static and dynamic stresses, are still computationally intractable for the large simulation domains and many seismic cycles required to perform PSHA. Instead, we employ the Rate-State earthquake simulator (RSQSim) to efficiently simulate hundreds of thousands of years of M≥6.5 earthquake sequences on the California fault system. RSQSim produces full slip-time histories for each rupture, which, unlike kinematic models, emerge from frictional properties, fault geometry, and stress transfer; all intrinsic variability is deterministic. We use these slip-time histories directly as input to a 3D wave-propagation code within the CyberShake platform to obtain simulated Fmax=0.5  Hz ground motions. The resulting 3 s spectral acceleration ground motions closely match empirical ground-motion model (GMM) estimates of median and variability of shaking. When computed over a range of sources and sites, the variability is similar to that of ergodic GMMs. Variability is reduced for individual pairs of sources and sites that repeatedly sample a single path, which is expected for a nonergodic model. This results in increased exceedance probabilities for certain characteristic ground motions for a source–site pair, while decreasing probabilities at the extreme tails of the ergodic GMM predictions. We present these comparisons and preliminary fully deterministic physics-based RSQSim–CyberShake hazard curves, as well as a new technique for estimating within- and between-event variability through simulation.
Records of Extreme Ground Accelerations during the 2011 Christchurch Earthquake Sequence Contaminated by a Nonlinear, Soil–Structure Interaction
Authors: Goto Hiroyuki , Kaneko Yoshihiro , Naguit Muriel , Young John 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTGround-motion records are critical for seismic hazard assessment and seismic design of buildings and infrastructures. Large (&gt;1g), asymmetric vertical accelerations (AsVAs) have been observed at strong-motion stations during recent earthquakes. However, it is not clear whether all of the observed AsVAs reflect actual ground shaking or the interaction of a building structure and underlying ground. Here, we investigate the cause of large AsVAs recorded at several seismic stations in Christchurch, New Zealand, during the 2011 Mw 6.2 Christchurch earthquake. We first define three metrics and quantify the degree of waveform asymmetry in all available records from nearby M&gt;3 earthquakes. Histograms of the metrics show greater waveform asymmetry for larger accelerations at these stations, which is consistent with the prediction of a nonlinear, soil–structure interaction associated with the elastic collisions of a foundation slab onto the underlying soil. We then use finite-element models to examine the occurrence of the nonlinear, soil–structure interaction at these stations during the Mw 6.2 mainshock and Mw 5.6 aftershock of the 2011 Christchurch earthquake. The parameters of the numerical models are constrained by site investigation of selected stations. We find that numerical simulations closely reproduce the large AsVAs recorded at stations HVSC and PRPC, suggesting that these ground-motion records were contaminated by the nonlinear, soil–structure interaction. Seismic sensors located near the corner of a concrete slab are shown to be more prone to this phenomenon. Our results further suggest that artificial recording of large AsVAs due to the nonlinear, soil–structure interaction can be mitigated if a seismic sensor is placed closer to the center of a foundation slab. The analytical procedure presented in this study may be useful in identifying the occurrence of AsVAs elsewhere and in assessing whether AsVAs are caused by the nonlinear, soil–structure interaction.
Spectral Dynamic Analysis of Torsional Vibrations of Thin-Walled Open Section Beams Restrained Against Warping at One End and Transversely Restrained at the Other End
Authors: Kameswara Rao 1 Chellapilla , Bhaskara Rao 2 Lokavarapu 
Published: January 2021

The present paper deals with spectral dynamic analysis of free torsional vibration of doubly symmetric thin-walled beams of open section. Spectral frequency equation is derived in this paper for the case of rotationally restrained doubly-symmetric thin-walled beam with one end rotationally restrained and transversely restrained at the other end. The resulting transcendental frequency equation with appropriate boundary conditions is derived and is solved for varying values of warping parameter and the rotational and transverse restraint parameter. The influence of rotational restraint parameter, transverse restraint parameter and warping parameter on the free torsional vibration frequencies is investigated in detail. A MATLAB computer program is developed to solve the spectral frequency equation derived in this paper. Numerical results for natural frequencies for various values of rotational and transverse restraint parameters for various values of warping parameter are obtained and presented in both tabular as well as graphical form showing the influence of these parameters on the first fundamental torsional frequency parameter.
Impaired circadian rhythm of blood pressure predicting adverse events in preeclampsia
Authors: Vijayvargia Nitisha , Samariya Meenakshi 
Published: January 2021

Background: Physiologically Blood pressure is higher during the day time (between 09 AM to 6 PM) and lower at night (10 pm to 3:00 am). During night both systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings drop by about 10-20%. In preeclampsia, the nocturnal decrease of BP is blunted and there is less variation among BP circadian values. Objective of the study is to know whether ratio of morning and nocturnal mean diastolic blood pressures calculated by timed i.e., 6 hourly blood pressure monitoring could be used to predict the prognosis of preeclampsia as in terms of Maternal and fetal prognosis.Methods: A prospective study is done using 6 hourly blood pressure measurements of antenatal patients in third trimester admitted for gestational hypertension or preeclampsia and their observation till delivery was done. Results: It is observed that non dipping and increased nocturnal diastolic blood pressures pattern causing reverse dipping pattern are significantly associated with increased severity of disease (p=000). Both maternal (p=0.04) and fetal adverse event (p=0.004) increased significantly with blunting of decrease in nocturnal blood pressures.Conclusions: We thus can conclude that blunting/reversal of circadian rhythm of blood pressure indicates progress of disease to its more severe form. It thus could be of great help in deciding for monitoring, timing of antihypertensives and prophylactic medications and deciding for termination of gestation.
Study on presentation and predisposing factors for pediatric deep neck space infection
Authors: Singh Mukesh Kumar , Ghosh Pritha , Maitra Mainak 
Published: January 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Aim were to study the clinical presentation and predisposing factors in children with deep neck space infections and to study the effective mode of management of pediatric deep neck space infections and its complications. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This prospective study was done in a tertiary care hospital on 163 pediatric patients with deep neck space infections who were thoroughly examined to know the source of the infection. Ultrasonography of neck and Radiological investigations were done to determine the location and extent of the abscesses. All patients were started on empirical antibiotic therapy of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid and metronidazole. Patients with small abscess were blindly aspirated with wide bore needle, while incision and drainage were done for large abscess. The pus samples from both were sent for culture and sensitivity. Patients presenting with complications, underwent incision and drainage. Patients, who failed empirical antibiotic therapy and needle aspiration, then underwent incision and drainage. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The most common symptom and sign was neck swelling (85%). The next most common symptom was neck pain (70%). Most of the patients had unknown source of infection and others had history of recurrent sore throat, dental infections, acute cervical lymphadenopathy, parotitis and furuncle over neck. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Deep neck space infections (DNI’s) in pediatric population constitutes of medical emergency as it could lead to life threatening complications in a short time. Though with changing times of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools have drastically reduced the incidence of complications.</p>