bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and application of metamaterial-based half-wave plates for the NIKA and NIKA2 polarimeters
Authors: Pisano G. , Ritacco A. , Monfardini A. , Tucker C. , Ade P. A. R. , Shitvov A. , Benoit A. , Calvo M. , Catalano A. , Goupy J. , Leclercq S. , Macias-Perez J. , Andrianasolo A. , Ponthieu N. 
Published: November 2021

Context.Large field-of-view imaging and polarimetry instruments operating at millimetre and sub-millimetre wavelengths are fundamental tools to understand the role of magnetic fields in channelling filament material into prestellar cores, providing unique insight in the physics of galactic star-forming regions. Among other topics, at extra-galactic scales, polarisation observations of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) will allow us to constrain the possible physical conditions of the emitting plasma from the jets and/or explore the physics of dust inside supernova remnants. The kilo-pixel New IRAM KIDs Array 2 (NIKA2) camera, installed today at the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) 30-m telescope, represents one of the best tools available to astronomers to produce simultaneous intensity and polarimetry maps over large fields at 260 GHz (1.15 mm).Aims.The polarisation measurement, in NIKA and NIKA2, is achieved by rapidly modulating the total incoming polarisation. In the end, this allows one to safely isolate the small science signal from the large, un-polarised, and strongly variable, atmospheric background.Methods.The polarisation modulation is achieved by inserting a fast rotating half-wave plate (HWP) in the optical beam. In order to allow wide field-of-view observations, the plate has to be large, with a diameter of 250 mm. The modulation of the polarised signal at 12 Hz also requires the waveplate to be sufficiently light. In addition, this key optical element has to exhibit optimal electromagnetic characteristics in terms of transmission and differential phase-shift. For this purpose, three metamaterial HWPs have been developed using the mesh-filter technology. The knowledge acquired in developing the first two single-band HWPs was used to achieve the more challenging performance requirements of the last dual-band HWP. The first and the third waveplates met the requirements for both the NIKA and NIKA2 instruments.Results.We first illustrate the design, the technical developments, the fabrication, and laboratory characterisation of the three mesh-HWPs. The deployment of two such elements in the NIKA and NIKA2 instruments at the 30-metre telescope is then described. We conclude with representative examples of astrophysical maps integrating polarimetry.
Treating Severe Pediatric Keratoconjunctivitis with Topical Cyclosporine A
Authors: Biermann Julia , Bosche Friederike , Eter Nicole , Beisse Flemming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe incidence of chronic keratoconjunctivitis, which potentially causes long-term loss of visual acuity due to corneal opacity, is considerably less common in children than in adults. It is therefore in danger of being overlooked. In children the appropriate treatment is therefore often introduced too late, or to an insufficient extent. In this article we would like to raise awareness about the diagnosis of chronic keratoconjunctivitis in children, and to present an effective treatment plan for severe stages of the disease. There are two forms of chronic keratoconjunctivitis that occur most frequently in children: hyperergic blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (hBKC) and vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). With hBKC, the patient often has a history of recurring hordeolum and also presents with blepharitis; it is characterized by the marked presence of corneal neovascularization in the lower circumference of the cornea. VKC is typically characterized by changes under the upper
eyelid, with marked changes to the superior limbus. If there is a risk of complications involving the cornea, or in the presence of such complications, a consistent long-term topical immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory treatment is required. Both of these properties are combined in the active ingredient cyclosporine A. Other advantages of topical CSA treatment are its steroid-sparing effect and the long-term reduction of exacerbations. Parents need to be informed about the chronic nature of these two diseases and their tendency to recur; because of these characteristics, treatment, in most cases, should be envisaged for at least one year in order to effectively disrupt the complex immunologic processes. This safeguards the childʼs visual development and prevents amblyopia caused by scarring and astigmatism. We hope that the data presented will lower the barriers related to prescribing CSA for topical eye application in children.
Das FieberApp Register – ein Weg, um Eltern durch eigene Dokumentation zu einer abgestuften Entscheidung zu führen
Authors: Jenetzky Ekkehart , Schwarz Silke , Fingerhut Ingo , Kerdar Sara Hamideh , Gwiasda Moritz , Rathjens Larisa , Kulikova Olga , Martin David 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Die Machbarkeit und Modellhaftigkeit eines App-basierten Eltern-Registers ist aufzuzeigen.
Methodik Die FeverApp als interaktives Erfassungsinstrument und die zugrundeliegende Datenstruktur des Registers werden vorgestellt. Die bisherigen Rekrutierungsbemühungen werden veranschaulicht und die Temperaturverteilung, sowie die Verteilung von Fieberereignissen im Jahr 2020 werden analysiert.
Ergebnisse Die FeverApp sammelt erfolgreich Daten in ein zentrales Register. Wie jede Studie informiert sie zudem über das aktuelle Wissen. Die naturalistisch erfassten, aktuellen Werte können auf die Krankheitssituation mehrere Ebenen (Messung, Fieberphase, Individuum, Familie, Praxis, Land) in Bezug auf die Krankheitssituation darstellen. Die Methoden zur Datensammlung müssen Pandemie-bedingt flexibel entwickelt werden. Das erste Rekrutierungsziel von 2400 Fieberphasen in den ersten zwei Jahren wurde erreicht, die landesweite Verbreitung steht noch aus. Es zeigt sich, dass die Körpertemperatur nicht unbegrenzt steigt; Fieber erreicht im Mittel 39 Grad auch ohne Antipyretika, wobei in seltenen Fällen auch Temperaturen jenseits von 41 Grad ohne Schäden erreicht werden. Weiterhin lässt sich im Vergleich mit einer Referenzpraxis zeigen, dass Fieberphasen in der App umfassender erfasst werden können, d. h. inklusive Infekte, die nicht zur Vorstellung in der Kinderpraxis kommen. So erfüllt die FeverApp den Einsatz von Registern modellhaft bei an sich Gesunden mit Infekten und bildet eine Mehrebenendiagnostik ab.
Schlussfolgerung Die FeverApp konnte sich als unterstützendes Werkzeug grundsätzlich etablieren, das Register kann mit der eingesetzten Methode reliabel Daten erfassen und bildet die aktuelle Infektlage ab. Bei der Erforschung der Frage, wie sich Infekte in der Post-Covid- Zeit entwickeln, könnte die App eine wertvolle Aufgabe leisten.
Die COVID-19 Pandemie als Herausforderung und Chance für
Register in der Versorgungsforschung: Erfahrungen aus Lean European Open Survey
on SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients (LEOSS)
Authors: Pilgram Lisa , Schons Maximilian , Jakob Carolin E.M. , Claßen Annika Y. , Franke Bernd , Tscharntke Lene , Schulze Nick , Fuhrmann Sandra , Sauer Gabriel , de Miranda Susana M. Nunes , Prasser Fabian , Stecher Melanie , Vehreschild Jörg J. 
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Aus der durch das Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) bedingten Coronavirus-Krankheit-2019 (COVID-19) haben
sich Chancen und Herausforderungen für den Aufbau von Registern in der
Versorgungsforschung ergeben. Diese sollen exemplarisch am aktuell
größten sektorenübergreifenden Register mit einem
detaillierten klinischen Datensatz zu mit SARS-CoV-2 infizierten Patient:innen
in Deutschland, der Lean European Open Survey on SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients
(LEOSS), aufgezeigt werden.
Methodik Ziele von LEOSS waren es, ein kollaboratives und integratives
Register zur Erfassung von anonymen Daten aus der Versorgung zu schaffen und die
Daten der Wissenschaft im Sinne eines Open Science Ansatzes rasch
bereitzustellen. Alleiniges Einschlusskriterium war der virologische Nachweis
von SARS-CoV-2. Schlüsselstrategien waren die Reallokation der
vorhandenen personellen und technischen Ressourcen, die frühe und
direkte Einbeziehung von Vertreter:innen des Datenschutzes und der
Ethikkommissionen sowie die Entscheidung zu einem iterativen und agilen
Entwicklungs- und Anpassungsprozess.
Ergebnisse Getragen von den zahlreichen kollaborierenden Institutionen
konnte ein transsektorales und internationales Netzwerk mit aktuell 133 aktiv
rekrutierenden Standorten und 7227 dokumentierten Fällen aufgebaut
werden (Stand 18.03.2021, ein Jahr seit Rekrutierungsstart von LEOSS). Die
Nutzung der Daten wurde über auf der Projektwebseite verfügbare
Werkzeuge zur Datenexploration, wie auch über die teilautomatisierte
Bereitstellung von Datensätzen verschiedenen Umfangs, innerhalb kurzer
Zeit ermöglicht. Es wurden 97 Anträge zur Datennutzung aus 27
Themengebieten begutachtet. Im Peer-Review-Verfahren wurden 9 Arbeiten in
internationalen Fachzeitschriften veröffentlicht.
Schlussfolgerung Mit LEOSS konnte in kürzester Zeit ein System zur
Erfassung klinischer Verlaufsdaten zu COVID-19 in Deutschland etabliert werden.
Auch wenn in anderen Projekten für spezifische Fragestellungen weitaus
größere Datenbestände durch direkten Zugriff auf
Quellsysteme analysiert werden konnten, wurde durch den einheitlich gepflegten
und technisch geprüften Dokumentationsstandard mit vielen
fachspezifischen Details ein sehr großer Datensatz mit wertvollen
Alleinstellungsmerkmalen geschaffen. Aus den Erfahrungen von LEOSS
können Implikationen für die zukünftige Gestaltung von
Registern und eine rasche Reaktion auf Pandemien abgeleitet werden.
A Review on the Halodefluorination of Aliphatic Fluorides
Authors: Young Rowan D. , Gupta Richa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHalodefluorination of alkyl fluorides using group 13 metal halides has been known for quite some time (first reported by Newman in 1938) and is often utilized in its crude stoichiometric form to substitute fluorine with heavier halogens. However, recently halodefluorination has undergone many developments. The reaction can be effected with a range of metal halide sources (including s-block, f-block, and p-block metals), and has been developed into a catalytic process. Furthermore, methods for monoselective halodefluorination in polyfluorocarbons have been developed, allowing exchange of only a single fluorine with a heavier halogen. The reaction has also found use in cascade processes, where the final product may not even contain a halide, but where the conversion of fluorine to a more reactive halogen is a pivotal reaction step in the cascade. This review provides a summary of the developments in the reaction from its inception until now.1	Introduction2	Stoichiometric Halodefluorination2.1	Group 13 Halodefluorination Reagents2.2	Other Metal Halide Mediated Halodefluorination3	Catalytic Halodefluorination4	Monoselective Halodefluorination5	Cascade Reactions Involving Halodefluorination6	Summary and Outlook
Enantioselective Syntheses of Yohimbine Alkaloids: Proving Grounds for New Catalytic Transformations
Authors: Scheidt Karl A. , Miller Eric R. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe total synthesis of bioactive alkaloids is an enduring challenge and an indication of the state of the art of chemical synthesis. With the explosion of catalytic asymmetric methods over the past three decades, these compelling targets have been fertile proving grounds for enantioselective bond forming transformations. These activities are summarized herein both to highlight the power and versatility of these methods and to instill future inspiration for new syntheses of these privileged natural products.1	Introduction2	Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids2.1	Corynanthe-Type MIAs3	Biosynthesis4	Biological Activity5	Scope6	Strategies in Yohimbine Alkaloid Synthesis6.1	Momose’s Formal Synthesis of (+)-Yohimbine6.2	Jacobsen’s Synthesis of (+)-Yohimbine6.3	Hiemstra’s Synthesis of (+)-Yohimbine6.4	Qin’s Synthesis of (–)-Yohimbine6.5	Tan’s Synthesis of (+)-Rauwolscine6.6	Jacobsen’s Synthesis of (+)-Reserpine6.7	Chen’s Synthesis of (+)-Reserpine6.8	Riva’s Synthesis of (–)-Alloyohimbane6.9	Katsuki’s Synthesis of (–)-Alloyohimbane6.10	Ghosh’s Synthesis of (–)-Yohimbane and (–)-Alloyohimbane6.11	Hong’s Synthesis of (–)-Yohimbane6.12	Gellman’s Synthesis of (–)-Yohimbane6.13	Scheidt’s Synthesis of (–)-Rauwolscine and (–)-Alloyohimbane7	Conclusion
Hydrogenation of Olefins, Alkynes, Allenes, and Arenes by Borane-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs
Authors: Gellrich Urs , Wech Felix 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn recent years, borane-based frustrated Lewis pairs have proved to be efficient hydrogenation catalysts and they have become an alternative to transition-metal-based systems. The hydrogen activation by classic FLPs leads to a protonated Lewis base and a borohydride. Consequently, hydrogenations catalyzed by classic FLPs consist of stepwise hydride transfer reactions and protonations (or vice versa). More recently, systems that operate via an initial hydroboration have allowed the substrate scope for FLP-catalyzed hydrogenations to be extended. In this review, hydrogenations of organic substrates catalyzed by borane­-based frustrated Lewis pairs are discussed. Emphasis is given to the mechanistic aspects of these catalytic reactions.1	Introduction2	FLP-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Polarized Double Bonds2.1	Hydrogenation of Michael Acceptors by FLPs2.2	Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Polarized Double Bonds2.3	Hydrogenation of Arenes and N-Heterocycles3	Hydrogenation of Unactivated Olefins and Alkynes3.1	Hydrogenation of Olefins and Alkynes by an Initial Hydroboration4	Summary and Outlook
A Systematic Review of Head, Neck and-Facial Injuries in
Cricket
Authors: Kodikara Dulan , Twomey Dara M. , Plumb Mandy S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis systematic review was conducted to identify the incidence, nature and
mechanisms of head, neck and facial (HNF) injuries in cricket and the reported
use of helmets. Five databases were searched up to 30th November
2020. From peer-reviewed cricket injury studies published in English, studies
reporting on HNF cricket injuries as per the Preferred Reporting Items for
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were selected.
Twenty-nine studies were included. HNF injuries had a cumulative total of
794/5,886 injuries equating to 13% of all injuries. Non-
specified HNF injuries (n=210, 26%) were the most prevalent type
of injury followed by non-specified head injuries (n=130, 16%),
other non-specified fractures (n=119, 15%) and concussions
(n=60, 8%).The impact of the ball was reported as the most
common mechanism for sustaining HNF injuries in cricket. The use of helmet was
reported in only three studies (10%). From studies reporting on HNF
cricket injuries, facial fractures, and concussions were the most common
specified-types of injury. There is little evidence on reporting of HNF cricket
injuries as per the international cricket consensus injury definitions, as well
as the use of helmets at the time of injury.
Application of Oxidative Ring Opening/Ring Closing by Reductive Amination Protocol for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Functionalized Azaheterocycles
Authors: Kiss Loránd , Nonn Melinda , Ouchakour Lamiaa , Remete Attila M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe current Account gives an insight into the synthesis of some N-heterocyclic β-amino acid derivatives and various functionalized saturated azaheterocycles accessed from substituted cycloalkenes via ring C=C bond oxidative cleavage followed by ring closing across double reductive amination. The ring-cleavage protocol has been accomplished according to two common approaches: a) Os-catalyzed dihydroxylation/NaIO4 vicinal diol oxidation and b) ozonolysis. A comparative study on these methodologies has been investigated. Due to the everincreasing relevance of organofluorine chemistry in drug research as well as of the high biological potential of β-amino acid derivatives several illustrative examples to the access of various fluorine-containing piperidine or azepane β-amino acid derivatives are also presented in the current Account.1	Introduction2	Olefin-Bond Transformation by Oxidative Ring Cleavage3	Synthesis of Saturated Azaheterocycles via Oxidative Ring-Opening/Ring-Closing Double Reductive Amination3.1	Importance of Fluorine-Containing Azaheterocycles in Pharmaceutical Research3.2	Synthesis of Azaheterocyclic Amino Acid Derivatives with a Piperidine or Azepane Framework through Oxidative Ring Opening/Reductive Amination3.2.1	Synthesis of Piperidine β-Amino Esters3.2.2	Synthesis of Azepane β-Amino Esters3.2.3	Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Piperidine γ-Amino Esters3.3	Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives through Oxidative Ring Opening/Reductive Amination Protocol3.4	Synthesis of Functionalized Benzazepines through Reductive Amination3.4.1	Synthesis of Benzo[c]azepines3.4.2	Synthesis of Benzo[d]azepines3.5	Synthesis of Various N-Heterocycles via Ozonolysis/Reductive Amination3.5.1	Synthesis of Compounds with an Azepane Ring3.5.2	Synthesis of Piperidine β-Amino Acids and Piperidine-Fused β-Lactams3.5.3	Synthesis of γ-Lactams with a Piperidine Ring3.5.4	Synthesis of other N-Heterocycles4	Summary and Outlook5	List of Abbreviations
Laryngeal Mask Use in the Neonatal Population: A Survey of Practice Providers at a Regional Tertiary Care Center in the United States
Authors: Shah Birju A. , Foulks Arlen , Lapadula Maria C. , McCoy Mike , Hallford Gene , Bedwell Susan , DeShea Lise , Szyld Edgardo 
Published: November 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of training, awareness, experience, and confidence of neonatal practice providers in the use of laryngeal mask (LM), and to identify the barriers in its implementation in the neonatal population.
Study Design Descriptive observational study utilizing an anonymous online questionnaire among healthcare providers at the Oklahoma Children's Hospital who routinely respond to newborn deliveries and have been trained in the Neonatal Resuscitation Program (NRP). Participants included physicians, trainees, nurse practitioners, nurses, and respiratory therapists.
Results Ninety-five participants completed the survey (27.5% response rate). The sample consisted of 77 NRP providers (81%), 11 instructors (12%), and 7 instructor mentors (7%). Among 72 respondents who had undergone LM training, 51 (54%) had hands-on manikin practice, 4 (4%) watched the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) NRP educational video, and 17 (18%) did both. Nurses (39 out of 46) were more likely to have completed LM training than were physicians (31 out of 47). With only 11 (12%) participants having ever placed a LM in a newly born infant, the median confidence for LM placement during neonatal resuscitation was 37 on a 0 to 100 scale. Frequently reported barriers for LM use in neonates were limited experience (81%), insufficient training (59%), preference for endotracheal tube (57%), and lack of awareness (56%).
Conclusion While the majority of the neonatal practice providers were trained in LM placement, only a few had ever placed one in a live newborn, with a low degree of confidence overall. Future practice improvement should incorporate ongoing interdisciplinary LM education, availability of LM in the labor and delivery units, and promotion of awareness of LM as an alternative airway.
Key Points
The role of literary fiction in facilitating social science research
Authors: Yazell Bryan , Petersen Klaus , Marx Paul , Fessenbecker Patrick 
Published: November 2021

AbstractScholars in literature departments and the social sciences share a broadly similar interest in understanding human development, societal norms, and political institutions. However, although literature scholars are likely to reference sources or concepts from the social sciences in their published work, the line of influence is much less likely to appear the other way around. This unequal engagement provides the occasion for this paper, which seeks to clarify the ways social scientists might draw influence from literary fiction in the development of their own work as academics: selecting research topics, teaching, and drawing inspiration for projects. A qualitative survey sent to 13,784 social science researchers at 25 different universities asked participants to describe the influence, if any, reading works of literary fiction plays in their academic work or development. The 875 responses to this survey provide numerous insights into the nature of interdisciplinary engagement between these disciplines. First, the survey reveals a skepticism among early-career researchers regarding literature’s social insights compared to their more senior colleagues. Second, a significant number of respondents recognized literary fiction as playing some part in shaping their research interests and expanding their comprehension of subjects relevant to their academic scholarship. Finally, the survey generated a list of literary fiction authors and texts that respondents acknowledged as especially useful for understanding topics relevant to the study of the social sciences. Taken together, the results of the survey provide a fuller account of how researchers engage with literary fiction than can be found in the pages of academic journals, where strict disciplinary conventions might discourage out-of-the-field engagement.
Dissipative aspects of extreme nonlinear optics
Authors: Rosanov N.N. , Aleksandrov I.A. , Arkhipov M.V. , Arkhipov R.M. , Babushkin I. , Veretenov N.A. , Dadeko A.V. , Tumakov D.A. , Fedorov S.V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Studies of extreme nonlinear optical effects, in which dissipative factors such as absorption and amplification of light in a medium play a fundamental role, are reviewed. The generation of pulses with extremely short duration down to unipolar ones is analysed by tracking the development of ideas related to the self-induced transparency phenomenon, whose practical application becomes real for extremely short pulses in lasers and laser media. Extreme radiation structuring is achieved in dissipative (laser) solitons characterised by a complex topology of phase and polarisation singularities, which is of interest for coding information.
Time integration and differentiation of unipolar pulses of unusual shape
Authors: Pakhomov A.V. , Arkhipov R.M. , Arkhipov M.V. , Rosanov N.N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBased on the previously developed theory of transformation (time integration and differentiation) of ultrashort pulses in thin metal films, we study the possibility of time differentiation and integration of unipolar pulses. Unipolar pulses of unusual shape–rectangular and triangular–are considered, and their mutual transformation upon propagation through thin films with certain parameters is demonstrated. The conservation of the electrical area in such problems is shown.
Use of dielectric nanoparticles doped with Yb3+ ions to enhance the thermal effect in a biological tissue exposed to near-IR laser radiation (in vivo experiments)
Authors: Ryabochkina P.A. , Khrushchalina S.A. , Belyaev A.N. , Bushukina O.S. , Yurlov I.A. , Kostin S.V. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The conditions for the appearance of broadband radiation from particles of zirconium dioxide stabilised by ytterbium oxide upon excitation by intense laser radiation with a wavelength of 980 nm are investigated. It is shown that this radiation is observed at a lower excitation power density and lower ytterbium content than in particles of orthophosphates and their hydrates. As a result of in vivo experiments, the possibility of using ytterbium-containing particles to enhance the thermal effect from exposure to laser radiation with a wavelength of 980 nm on the skin of a rat is demonstrated.