bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Food Allergy Parent Mentoring Program: A Pilot Intervention
Authors: Ramos Ashley , Cooke Frances , Miller Emily , Herbert Linda 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective
Parents of young children with newly diagnosed food allergy (FA) are at risk for poor psychosocial outcomes due to FA’s life-threatening nature and demanding management routines. Presently, there are no interventions to support FA parents during this adjustment phase. This single-arm pilot study explores the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a novel intervention using peer mentorship to improve psychosocial functioning in parents of young children with newly diagnosed FA.

Methods
Parent mentors were trained in mentorship and ethics and then matched with a mentee for a 6-month intervention period. Mentees, parents of children (under age 5 years) diagnosed with FA within 1 year, completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires to assess demographic and medical characteristics, FA knowledge, quality of life, self-efficacy, and social support and a program evaluation. Follow-up focus groups with mentors and individual interviews with mentees were conducted.

Results
Participants were 8 mentors and 10 mentees (Mage = 36.60 years, 80% Caucasian) of children ages 0–3 years (Mage = 16.15 months; 60% male). Mentees reported high acceptability for the intervention in program evaluation and interviews, noting improvements in their social support, FA-related stress, confidence in FA management, and positive changes in FA parenting behaviors.

Conclusion
This study supports the use of a peer mentorship program to support parents of children with newly diagnosed FA. Future research is needed to determine how to scale this intervention to meet the needs of a large medical division.
Beyond Marginalization: The (German-)Jewish Soldiers’ Agency in Times of War, 1914–1918
Authors: Panter Sarah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article rethinks research on Jewish experiences during the First World War and asks what changes if the concept of ‘agency’ is explicitly applied to the subject of Jewish soldiers. Over the past years, historians working on the (German-)Jewish war experience have avoided a one-sided narrative of Jewish marginalization by focusing on larger questions of civic and ethnic belonging. This article picks up this thread, putting emphasis on the possibilities and concrete manifestations of the (German-)Jewish soldiers’ agency and how it was negotiated between the war and the home fronts. It argues that by concentrating on Jewish soldiers as actors in their own right, a more ambivalent narrative becomes visible—one that sees Jews during the First World War not as marginalized subjects across the board. Even though many Jewish soldiers experienced exclusion on an individual and collective level, their coming to terms with what it meant to be a soldier and a Jew during the war frequently triggered a process of Jewish reorientation as well. Bringing these two perspectives together, I show how Jews in and outside Germany were not simply bystanders during the national crisis, but took an active part in shaping their own history.
A full relativistic thin disc – the physics of the plunging region and the value of the stress at the ISCO
Authors: Potter William J 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The widely used Novikov–Thorne relativistic thin disc equations are only valid down to the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO). This leads to an undetermined boundary condition at the ISCO, known as the inner stress of the disc, which sets the luminosity of the disc at the ISCO and introduces considerable ambiguity in accurately determining the mass, spin, and accretion rate of black holes from observed spectra. We resolve this ambiguity by self-consistently extending the relativistic disc solution through the ISCO to the black hole horizon by calculating the inspiral of an average disc particle subject to turbulent disc forces, using a new particle-in-disc technique. Traditionally it has been assumed that the stress at the ISCO is zero, with material plunging approximately radially into the black hole at close to the speed of light. We demonstrate that in fact the inspiral is less severe, with several (∼4–17) orbits completed before the horizon. This leads to a small non-zero stress and luminosity at and inside the ISCO, with a local surface temperature at the ISCO between ∼0.15 and 0.3 times the maximum surface temperature of the disc, in the case where no dynamically important net magnetic field is present. For a range of disc parameters we calculate the value of the inner stress/surface temperature, which is required when fitting relativistic thin disc models to observations. We resolve a problem in relativistic slim disc models in which turbulent heating becomes inaccurate and falls to zero inside the plunging region.
Consistency of cosmic shear analyses in harmonic and real space
Authors: Doux C , Chang C , Jain B , Blazek J , Camacho H , Fang X , Gatti M , Krause E , MacCrann N , Samuroff S , Secco L F , Troxel M A , Zuntz J , Aguena M , Allam S , Amon A , Avila S , Bacon D , Bertin E , Brooks D , Burke D L , Carnero Rosell A , Carrasco Kind M , Carretero J , Choi A , Costanzi M , Crocce M , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S , Davis T M , Dietrich J P , Doel P , Ferrero I , Ferté A , Fosalba P , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Gerdes D W , Gruen D , Gruendl R A , Gschwend J , Gutierrez G , Hartley W G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Huterer D , James D J , Kuehn K , Kuropatkin N , Maia M A G , Marshall J L , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Morgan R , Palmese A , Paz-Chinchón F , Plazas A A , Roodman A , Sanchez E , Schubnell M , Serrano S , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Smith M , Soares-Santos M , Suchyta E , Tarle G , To C , Varga T N , Weller J , Wilkinson R D ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Recent cosmic shear studies have reported discrepancies of up to 1σ on the parameter ${S_{8}=\sigma _{8}\sqrt{{\Omega _{\rm m}}/0.3}}$ between the analysis of shear power spectra and two-point correlation functions, derived from the same shear catalogues. It is not a priori clear whether the measured discrepancies are consistent with statistical fluctuations. In this paper, we investigate this issue in the context of the forthcoming analyses from the third year data of the Dark Energy Survey (DES Y3). We analyse DES Y3 mock catalogues from Gaussian simulations with a fast and accurate importance sampling pipeline. We show that the methodology for determining matching scale cuts in harmonic and real space is the key factor that contributes to the scatter between constraints derived from the two statistics. We compare the published scales cuts of the KiDS, Subaru-HSC, and DES surveys, and find that the correlation coefficients of posterior means range from over 80 per cent for our proposed cuts, down to 10 per cent for cuts used in the literature. We then study the interaction between scale cuts and systematic uncertainties arising from multiple sources: non-linear power spectrum, baryonic feedback, intrinsic alignments, uncertainties in the point spread function, and redshift distributions. We find that, given DES Y3 characteristics and proposed cuts, these uncertainties affect the two statistics similarly; the differential biases are below a third of the statistical uncertainty, with the largest biases arising from intrinsic alignment and baryonic feedback. While this work is aimed at DES Y3, the tools developed can be applied to Stage-IV surveys where statistical errors will be much smaller.
Thermonuclear explosion of a massive hybrid HeCO white dwarf triggered by a He detonation on a companion
Authors: Pakmor R , Zenati Y , Perets H B , Toonen S 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Normal type Ia supernovae (SNe) are thought to arise from the thermonuclear explosion of massive (&gt;0.8 M⊙) carbon–oxygen white dwarfs (WDs), although the exact mechanism is debated. In some models, helium accretion on to a carbon–oxygen (CO) WD from a companion was suggested to dynamically trigger a detonation of the accreted helium shell. The helium detonation then produces a shock that after converging on itself close to the core of the CO WD, triggers a secondary carbon detonation, and gives rise to an energetic explosion. However, most studies of such scenarios have been done in one or two dimensions, and/or did not consider self-consistent models for the accretion and the He donor. Here, we make use of detailed 3D simulation to study the interaction of a He-rich hybrid $0.69\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$ HeCO WD with a more massive $0.8\, \mathrm{M_\odot }$ CO WD. We find that accretion from the hybrid WD on to the CO WD gives rise to a helium detonation. However, the helium detonation does not trigger a carbon detonation in the CO WD. Instead, the helium detonation burns through the accretion stream to also burn the helium shell of the donor hybrid HeCO WD. The detonation of its massive helium shell then compresses its CO core, and triggers its detonation and full destruction. The explosion gives rise to a faint, likely highly reddened transient, potentially observable by the Vera Rubin survey, and the high-velocity ($\sim \! 1000\, \mathrm{km s^{-1}}$) ejection of the heated surviving CO WD companion. Pending on uncertainties in stellar evolution, we estimate the rate of such transient to be up to $\sim \! 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the rate of type Ia SNe.
Determination of Planetary Nebulae angular diameters from radio continuum spectral energy distribution modelling
Authors: Bojičić I S , Filipović M D , Urošević D , Parker Q A , Galvin T J 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Powerful new, high-resolution, high-sensitivity, multifrequency, wide-field radio surveys such as the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) Evolutionary Map of the Universe are emerging. They will offer fresh opportunities to undertake new determinations of useful parameters for various kinds of extended astrophysical phenomena. Here, we consider specific application to angular-size determinations of Planetary Nebulae (PNe) via a new radio continuum spectral energy distribution fitting technique. We show that robust determinations of angular size can be obtained, comparable to the best optical and radio observations but with the potential for consistent application across the population. This includes unresolved and/or heavily obscured PNe that are extremely faint or even non-detectable in the optical.
Particle acceleration in winds of star clusters
Authors: Morlino G , Blasi P , Peretti E , Cristofari P 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The origin of cosmic rays in our Galaxy remains a subject of active debate. While supernova remnant (SNR) shocks are often invoked as the sites of acceleration, it is now widely accepted that the difficulties of such sources in reaching PeV energies are daunting and it seems likely that only a subclass of rare remnants can satisfy the necessary conditions. Moreover, the spectra of cosmic rays escaping the remnants have a complex shape that is not obviously the same as the spectra observed at the Earth. Here, we investigate the process of particle acceleration at the termination shock that develops in the bubble excavated by star clusters’ winds in the interstellar medium. While the main limitation to the maximum energy in SNRs comes from the need for effective wave excitation upstream so as to confine particles in the near-shock region and speed up the acceleration process, at the termination shock of star clusters the confinement of particles upstream is guaranteed by the geometry of the problem. We develop a theory of diffusive shock acceleration at such shock and we find that the maximum energy may reach the PeV region for powerful clusters in the high end of the luminosity tail for these sources. A crucial role in this problem is played by the dissipation of energy in the wind to magnetic perturbations. Under reasonable conditions, the spectrum of the accelerated particles has a power-law shape with a slope 4/4.3, in agreement with what is required based upon standard models of cosmic ray transport in the Galaxy.
Forming massive seed black holes in high-redshift quasar host progenitors
Authors: Lupi Alessandro , Haiman Zoltán , Volonteri Marta 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The presence of massive black holes (BHs) with masses of the order of $10^9\, {\rm M_\odot }$, powering bright quasars when the Universe was less than 1 Gyr old, poses strong constraints on their formation mechanism. Several scenarios have been proposed to date to explain massive BH formation, from the low-mass seed BH remnants of the first generation of stars to the massive seed BHs resulting from the rapid collapse of massive gas clouds. However, the plausibility of some of these scenarios to occur within the progenitors of high-z quasars has not yet been thoroughly explored. In this work, we investigate, by combining dark-matter only N-body simulations with a semi-analytic framework, whether the conditions for the formation of massive seed BHs from synchronized atomic-cooling halo pairs and/or dynamically heated (DH) mini-haloes are fulfilled in the overdense regions where the progenitors of a typical high-redshift quasar host form and evolve. Our analysis shows that the peculiar conditions in such regions, i.e. strong halo clustering and high star formation rates, are crucial to produce a non-negligible number of massive seed BH host candidates: we find ≈1400 DH metal-free mini-haloes, including one of these which evolves to a synchronized pair and ends up in the massive quasar-host halo by z = 6. This demonstrates that the progenitors of high-redshift quasar host haloes can harbour early massive seed BHs. Our results further suggest that multiple massive seed BHs may form in or near the quasar host’s progenitors, potentially merging at lower redshifts and yielding gravitational wave events.
SEAGLE – II. Constraints on feedback models in galaxy formation from massive early-type strong-lens galaxies
Authors: Mukherjee Sampath , Koopmans Léon V E , Metcalf R Benton , Tortora Crescenzo , Schaller Matthieu , Schaye Joop , Vernardos Georgios , Bellagamba Fabio 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
We use nine different galaxy formation scenarios in ten cosmological simulation boxes from the EAGLE (Evolution and Assembly of GaLaxies and their Environments) suite of Lambda cold dark matter hydrodynamical simulations to assess the impact of feedback mechanisms in galaxy formation and compare these to observed strong gravitational lenses. To compare observations with simulations, we create strong lenses with M* &gt; 1011 M⊙ with the appropriate resolution and noise level, and model them with an elliptical power-law mass model to constrain their total mass density slope. We also obtain the mass–size relation of the simulated lens-galaxy sample. We find significant variation in the total mass density slope at the Einstein radius and in the projected stellar mass–size relation, mainly due to different implementations of stellar and active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback. We find that for lens-selected galaxies, models with either too weak or too strong stellar and/or AGN feedback fail to explain the distribution of observed mass density slopes, with the counter-intuitive trend that increasing the feedback steepens the mass density slope around the Einstein radius (≈3–10 kpc). Models in which stellar feedback becomes inefficient at high gas densities, or weaker AGN feedback with a higher duty cycle, produce strong lenses with total mass density slopes close to isothermal [i.e. −dlog (ρ)/dlog (r) ≈ 2.0] and slope distributions statistically agreeing with observed strong-lens galaxies in Sloan Lens ACS Survey and BOSS (Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey) Emission-Line Lens Survey. Agreement is only slightly worse with the more heterogeneous Strong Lensing Legacy Survey lens-galaxy sample. Observations of strong-lens-selected galaxies thus appear to favour models with relatively weak feedback in massive galaxies.
A compact core-jet structure in the changing-look Seyfert NGC 2617
Authors: Yang Jun , Paragi Zsolt , Beswick Robert J , Chen Wen , van Bemmel Ilse M , Wu Qingwen , An Tao , Wu Xiaocong , Fan Lulu , Oonk J B R , Liu Xiang , Wang Weihua 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
The nearby face-on spiral galaxy NGC 2617 underwent an unambiguous ‘inside–out’ multiwavelength outburst in Spring 2013, and a dramatic Seyfert-type change probably between 2010 and 2012, with the emergence of broad optical emission lines. To search for the jet activity associated with this variable accretion activity, we carried out multiresolution and multiwavelength radio observations. Using the very long baseline interferometric (VLBI) observations with the European VLBI Network at 1.7 and 5.0 GHz, we find that NGC 2617 shows a partially synchrotron self-absorbed compact radio core with a significant core shift, and an optically thin steep-spectrum jet extending towards the north up to about 2 pc in projection. We also observed NGC 2617 with the electronic Multi-Element Remotely Linked Interferometer Network at 1.5 and 5.5 GHz, and revisited the archival data of the Very Large Array (VLA) and the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA). The radio core had a stable flux density of ∼1.4 mJy at 5.0 GHz between 2013 June and 2014 January, in agreement with the expectation of a supermassive black hole in the low accretion rate state. The northern jet component is unlikely to be associated with the ‘inside–out’ outburst of 2013. Moreover, we report that most optically selected changing-look active galactic nuclei (AGN) at z &lt; 0.83 are sub-mJy radio sources in the existing VLA surveys at 1.4 GHz, and it is unlikely that they are more active than normal AGN at radio frequencies.
Structural basis for substrate recognition and cleavage by the dimerization-dependent CRISPR–Cas12f nuclease
Authors: Xiao Renjian , Li Zhuang , Wang Shukun , Han Ruijie , Chang Leifu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cas12f, also known as Cas14, is an exceptionally small type V-F CRISPR–Cas nuclease that is roughly half the size of comparable nucleases of this type. To reveal the mechanisms underlying substrate recognition and cleavage, we determined the cryo-EM structures of the Cas12f-sgRNA-target DNA and Cas12f-sgRNA complexes at 3.1 and 3.9 Å, respectively. An asymmetric Cas12f dimer is bound to one sgRNA for recognition and cleavage of dsDNA substrate with a T-rich PAM sequence. Despite its dimerization, Cas12f adopts a conserved activation mechanism among the type V nucleases which requires coordinated conformational changes induced by the formation of the crRNA-target DNA heteroduplex, including the close-to-open transition in the lid motif of the RuvC domain. Only one RuvC domain in the Cas12f dimer is activated by substrate recognition, and the substrate bound to the activated RuvC domain is captured in the structure. Structure-assisted truncated sgRNA, which is less than half the length of the original sgRNA, is still active for target DNA cleavage. Our results expand our understanding of the diverse type V CRISPR–Cas nucleases and facilitate potential genome editing applications using the miniature Cas12f.
Prior Daily Menthol Smokers More Likely to Quit 2 Years After a Menthol Ban Than Non-menthol Smokers: A Population Cohort Study
Authors: Chaiton Michael , Schwartz Robert , Cohen Joanna E , Soule Eric , Zhang Bo , Eissenberg Thomas 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background and Aims
The province of Ontario, Canada, banned the use of menthol-flavored tobacco products as of January 1, 2017. This study aims to assess the longer-term impact of a menthol ban on smoking behavior at 2 years, which is unknown.

Methods
Population cohort study with baseline survey (n = 1821) conducted September–December 2016 and follow-up survey January–August 2019 among current smokers in Ontario (16+) prior to the menthol ban. Poisson regression was used to assess the probability of quitting smoking by pre-ban menthol status, controlling for differences in smoking and demographic characteristics, with multiple imputations used to address missing data.

Findings
Menthol smokers were more likely to report having quit smoking (12% [daily menthol] and 10% [occasional menthol] vs. 3% [non-menthol]; p &lt; .001) than non-menthol smokers in the 2 years after a menthol ban. After adjustment for smoking and demographic characteristics, daily menthol smokers had higher likelihood of quitting smoking (adjusted relative risk [ARR] 2.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20–3.61) and reported more quit attempts (ARR 1.45; 95% CI 1.15–1.82). Among those who attempted to quit, menthol smoking was not associated with relapse (daily ARR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.86, 1.07; occasional ARR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.90, 1.08). However, there was a statistically significant interaction among menthol users who reported using other flavored tobacco products 1 year after the ban (ARR = 0.26 [95% CI: 0.08, 0.90])

Conclusions
The study found increased probability of quitting among daily menthol smokers and more quit attempts among daily and occasional menthol smokers compared with non-menthol smokers in Ontario 2 years after the implementation of a menthol ban.

Implications
This study examines quitting behavior 2 years after a menthol ban in Ontario, Canada. Those who were daily menthol smokers prior to the ban were more likely to quit smoking and make more quit attempts in the 2 years after the ban. While there was no difference in the likelihood of relapse between menthol and non-menthol smokers among those who attempt to quit, there were indications that pre-ban daily menthol smokers who used other tobacco products after the ban were likely to quit.
Choice with Endogenous Categorization
Authors: Ellis Andrew , Masatlioglu Yusufcan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We propose and axiomatize the categorical thinking model (CTM) in which the framing of the decision problem affects how agents categorize alternatives, that in turn affects their evaluation of it. Prominent models of salience, status quo bias, loss-aversion, inequality aversion, and present bias all fit under the umbrella of CTM. This suggests categorization is an underlying mechanism of key departures from the neoclassical model of choice. We specialize CTM to provide a behavioural foundation for the salient thinking model of Bordalo et al. (2013, Journal of Political Economy, 121, 803–843) that highlights its strong predictions and distinctions from other models.
Inter-brain amplitude correlation differentiates cooperation from competition in a motion-sensing sports game
Authors: Liu Huashuo , Zhao Chenying , Wang Fei , Zhang Dan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Cooperation and competition are two basic modes of human interaction. Their underlying neural mechanisms, especially from an interpersonal perspective, have not been fully explored. Using the electroencephalograph-based hyperscanning technique, the present study investigated the neural correlates of both cooperation and competition within the same ecological paradigm using a classic motion-sensing tennis game. Both the inter-brain coupling (the inter-brain amplitude correlation and inter-brain phase-locking) and the intra-brain spectral power were analyzed. Only the inter-brain amplitude correlation showed a significant difference between cooperation and competition, with different spatial patterns at theta, alpha and beta frequency bands. Further inspection revealed distinct inter-brain coupling patterns for cooperation and competition; cooperation elicited positive inter-brain amplitude correlation at the delta and theta bands in extensive brain regions, while competition was associated with negative occipital inter-brain amplitude correlation at the alpha and beta bands. These findings add to our knowledge of the neural mechanisms of cooperation and competition and suggest the significance of adopting an inter-brain perspective in exploring the neural underpinnings of social interaction in ecological contexts.