bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in Hawaii: Levels and sources of serum vitamin D in older adults
Authors: Oshiro Caryn E , Hillier Teresa A. , Edmonds Grant , Peterson Missy , Hill Patrick L. , Hampson Sarah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the major sources of vitamin D [25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D)] and evaluate their collective role on rates of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency among older adults.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of the relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and sources of vitamin D (self‐reported and objectively validated sun exposure, supplementation, food including fortified sources). Study subjects were part of the Hawaii Longitudinal Study of Personality and Health who completed a clinic visit between 55 and 65 years (M = 59.6) and food frequency questionnaire, and provided serum to assay 25(OH)D (n = 223).ResultsAlthough mean serum 25(OH)D levels were overall sufficient (34.3 ng/ml, [SD = 10.9]), over one‐third of participants (38%) had vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency (<30 ng/ml). Asians were the most likely to be insufficient and Filipinos were the least likely (43% vs. 11%, respectively). Overall, supplement use and sun exposure were both associated with higher 25(OH)D levels and lower risk of vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency. Moreover, Vitamin D sources varied by race/ethnic groups. In multivariate models, higher body mass index, being Asian or Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, low supplement use, and low sun exposure were associated with higher risk for vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency (<30 ng/ml).ConclusionsOver 1/3 of the older adult sample was vitamin D deficient/insufficient, despite most of the participants living in a tropical climate with year‐round access to sun as a vitamin D source. Sun exposure and supplement use, but not food intake, explained differences in vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency in this population.
Delivering a new diagnosis of Down syndrome: Parent experience
Authors: Lehman April , Leach Mark , Santoro Stephanie L. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTDown syndrome is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities. In 2014, in conjunction with the passing of House Bill 552, the Ohio Department of Health released a Down syndrome fact sheet to be given to parents at time of diagnosis to answer basic questions regarding the diagnosis. Our survey helps us to understand parental experience in receiving a new Down syndrome diagnosis including information provided. An electronic survey was created and distributed to members of established Down syndrome parent groups in Ohio. Questions assessed the parental experience at the time of receiving a Down syndrome. We also looked at parent perceptions after the implementation of a Down syndrome fact sheet. Responses were collected regarding experience at the time of diagnosis and broadly categorized into a trichotomy of positive experience (>5), neutral experience (=5), and negative experience (<5). Parents report an overall negative experience when receiving a new diagnosis of Down syndrome (mean of 4 on scale of 0–10), which did not increase after 2014 (p >0.05). Eighty‐five percent of parents with children born in 2014 or after report that they did not receive the Ohio Department of Health Down syndrome fact sheet. Legislation regarding a diagnosis of Down syndrome exists in 20 states with significant variability, readability of those fact sheets. Legislation requiring accurate information be given to families was not always followed, and printed literature alone did not correlate with improved parent experience; additional efforts are necessary to ensure that the experience receiving a diagnosis of Down syndrome is not a negative one.
Functional analysis of novel genetic variants of NKX2‐5 associated with nonsyndromic congenital heart disease
Authors: Dixit Ritu , Narasimhan Chitra , Balekundri Vijayalakshmi I. , Agrawal Damyanti , Kumar Ashok , Mohapatra Bhagyalaxmi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNKX2‐5, a master cardiac regulatory transcription factor was the first known genetic cause of congenital heart diseases (CHDs). To further investigate its role in CHD pathogenesis, we performed mutational screening of 285 CHD probands and 200 healthy controls. Five coding sequence variants were identified in six CHD cases (2.1%), including three in the N‐terminal region (p.A61G, p.R95L, and p.E131K) and one each in homeodomain (HD) (p.A148E) and tyrosine‐rich domain (p.P247A). Variant‐p.A148E showed tertiary structure changes and differential DNA binding affinity of mutant compared to wild type. Two N‐terminal variants—p.A61G and p.E131K along with HD variant p.A148E demonstrated significantly reduced transcriptional activity of Nppa and Actc1 promoters in dual luciferase promoter assay supported by their reduced expression in qRT‐PCR. Nonetheless, variant p.R95L affected the synergy of NKX2‐5 with serum response factor and TBX5 leading to significantly decreased Actc1 promoter activity depicting a distinctive role of this region. The aberrant expression of other target genes—Irx4, Mef2c, Bmp10, Myh6, Myh7, and Myocd is also observed in response to NKX2‐5 variants, possibly due to the defective gene regulatory network. Severely impaired downstream promoter activities and abnormal expression of target genes due to N‐terminal variants supports the emerging role of this region during cardiac‐developmental pathways.
Targeted tDCS Mitigates Dual‐Task Costs to Gait and Balance in Older Adults
Authors: Zhou Junhong , Manor Brad , Yu Wanting , Lo On‐Yee , Gouskova Natalia , Salvador Ricardo , Katz Racheli , Cornejo Thumm Pablo , Brozgol Marina , Ruffini Giulio , Pascual‐Leone Alvaro , Lipsitz Lewis A. , Hausdorff Jeffrey M. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveAmong older adults, the ability to stand or walk while performing cognitive tasks (ie, dual‐tasking) requires coordinated activation of several brain networks. In this multicenter, double‐blinded, randomized, and sham‐controlled study, we examined the effects of modulating the excitability of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L‐DLPFC) and the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) on dual‐task performance “costs” to standing and walking.MethodsFifty‐seven older adults without overt illness or disease completed 4 separate study visits during which they received 20 minutes of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) optimized to facilitate the excitability of the L‐DLPFC and SM1 simultaneously, or each region separately, or neither region (sham). Before and immediately after stimulation, participants completed a dual‐task paradigm in which they were asked to stand and walk with and without concurrent performance of a serial‐subtraction task.ResultstDCS simultaneously targeting the L‐DLPFC and SM1, as well as tDCS targeting the L‐DLPFC alone, mitigated dual‐task costs to standing and walking to a greater extent than tDCS targeting SM1 alone or sham (p < 0.02). Blinding efficacy was excellent and participant subjective belief in the type of stimulation received (real or sham) did not contribute to the observed functional benefits of tDCS.InterpretationThese results demonstrate that in older adults, dual‐task decrements may be amenable to change and implicate L‐DPFC excitability as a modifiable component of the control system that enables dual‐task standing and walking. tDCS may be used to improve resilience and the ability of older results to walk and stand under challenging conditions, potentially enhancing everyday functioning and reducing fall risks. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:428–439
Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyridines with All‐Carbon Quaternary Carbon Centers via Cobalt‐Catalyzed Desymmetric [2+2+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Li Ke , Wei Linsheng , Sun Minghe , Li Bing , Liu Min , Li Changkun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA Co‐catalyzed enantioselective desymmetric [2+2+2] cycloaddition for synthesis of pyridines with all‐carbon quaternary carbon centers has been developed. The regio‐ and enantioselectivities are controlled by the inherent nature of terminal alkynes and the substituents on the bisoxazolinephosphine ligands. Pyridines with 5‐substitutents could be obtained with >20:1 regioselectivity and up to 94 % ee when terminal alkyl, alkenyl or silyl alkynes and DTBM/Ph‐based NPN* ligand L6 were used. Terminal aryl alkynes and Ph/Bn‐based ligand L4 leads to formation of pyridines with 6‐substitutents in up to 99 % ee.
Macrolactonization Reactions Driven by a Pentafluorobenzoyl Group**
Authors: Force Guillaume , Perfetto Anna , Mayer Robert J. , Ciofini Ilaria , Lebœuf David 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMacrolactones constitute a privileged class of natural and synthetic products with a broad range of applications in the fine chemicals and pharmaceutical industry. Despite all the progress made towards their synthesis, notably fromseco‐acids, a macrolactonization promoter system that is effective, selective, flexible, readily available, and, insofar as possible, compatible with manifold functional groups is still lacking. Herein, we describe a strategy that relies on the formation of a mixed anhydride incorporating a pentafluorophenyl group which, due to its high electronic activation enables a convenient access to macrolactones, macrodiolides and esters with a broad versatility. Kinetic studies and DFT computations were performed to rationalize the reactivity of the pentafluorophenyl group in macrolactonization reactions.
Metal–Organic Frameworks: Molecules or Semiconductors in Photocatalysis?
Authors: Kolobov Nikita , Goesten Maarten G. , Gascon Jorge 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the realm of solids, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) offer unique possibilities for the rational engineering of tailored physical properties. These derive from the modular, molecular make‐up of MOFs, which allows for the selection and modification of the organic and inorganic building units that construct them. The adaptable properties make MOFs interesting materials for photocatalysis, an area of increasing significance. But the molecular and porous nature of MOFs leaves the field, in some areas, juxtapositioned between semiconductor physics and homogeneous photocatalysis. While descriptors from both fields are applied in tandem, the gap between theory and experiment has widened in some areas, and arguably needs fixing. Here we review where MOFs have been shown to be similar to conventional semiconductors in photocatalysis, and where they have been shown to be more like infinite molecules in solution. We do this from the perspective of band theory, which in the context of photocatalysis, covers both the molecular and nonmolecular principles of relevance.
Red‐Light‐Mediated Photoredox Catalysis Enables Self‐Reporting Nitric Oxide Release for Efficient Antibacterial Treatment
Authors: Shen Zhiqiang , Zheng Shaoqiu , Xiao Shiyan , Shen Ruan , Liu Shiyong , Hu Jinming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) serves as a key regulator of many physiological processes and as a potent therapeutic agent. The local delivery of NO is important to achieve target therapeutic outcomes due to the toxicity of NO at high concentrations. Although light stimulus represents a non‐invasive tool with spatiotemporal precision to mediate NO release, many photoresponsive NO‐releasing molecules can only respond to ultraviolet (UV) or near‐UV visible light with low penetration and high phototoxicity. We report that coumarin‐based NO donors with maximal absorbances at 328 nm can be activated under (deep) red‐light (630 or 700 nm) irradiation in the presence of palladium(II) tetraphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin, enabling stoichiometric and self‐reporting NO release with a photolysis quantum yield of 8 % via photoredox catalysis. This NO‐releasing platform with ciprofloxacin loading can eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm in vitro and treat cutaneous abscesses in vivo.
Unravelling the Hydration Barrier of Lignin Oleate Nanoparticles for Acid‐ and Base‐Catalyzed Functionalization in Dispersion State
Authors: Moreno Adrian , Liu Jinrong , Gueret Robin , Hadi Seyed Ehsan , Bergström Lennart , Slabon Adam , Sipponen Mika H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLignin nanoparticles (LNPs) are promising renewable nanomaterials with applications ranging from biomedicine to water purification. However, the instability of LNPs under acidic and basic conditions severely limits their functionalization for improved performance. Here, we show that controlling the degree of esterification can significantly improve the stability of lignin oleate nanoparticles (OLNPs) in acidic and basic aqueous dispersions. The high stability of OLNPs is attributed to the alkyl chains accumulated in the shell of the particle, which delays protonation/deprotonation of carboxylic acid and phenolic hydroxyl groups. Owing to the enhanced stability, acid‐ and base‐catalyzed functionalization of OLNPs at pH 2.0 and pH 12.0 via oxirane ring‐opening reactions were successfully performed. We also demonstrated these new functionalized particles as efficient pH‐switchable dye adsorbents and anticorrosive particulate coatings.
Nickel‐Catalyzed, Reductive C(sp3)−Si Cross‐Coupling of α‐Cyano Alkyl Electrophiles and Chlorosilanes
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , Oestreich Martin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA nickel/zinc‐catalyzed cross‐electrophile coupling of alkyl electrophiles activated by an α‐cyano group and chlorosilanes is reported. Elemental zinc is the stoichiometric reductant in this reductive coupling process. By this, a C(sp3)−Si bond can be formed starting from two electrophilic reactants whereas previous methods rely on the combination of carbon nucleophiles and silicon electrophiles or vice versa.
Formation kinetics of radiolytic lipid products in model food–lipid systems with gamma irradiation
Authors: Taghvaei Mostafa , Tonyali Bade , Sommers Christopher , Ceric Olgica , Linghu Ziyi , Smith Joseph Scott , Yucel Umut 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIrradiation processes can change the lipid composition of foods. The major lipid radiolysis products are known to be 2‐alkylcyclobutanones and hydrocarbons, the formation kinetics of which is determined by the chemical nature of the inherent lipids. This information can be used to evaluate the irradiation history of lipid‐rich foods. A solid‐phase microextraction (SPME)‐assisted gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technique was used to study the formation of volatile hydrocarbons and 2‐dodecylcyclobutanone (2‐DCB), a cyclobutanone formed from the esters of palmitic acid, in irradiated (0–50 kGy) tripalmitin and chicken fat. Thirty‐three volatile compounds (hydrocarbons, aldehydes, ketones) increased with irradiation dose to varying extents. Six major lipid radiolysis products were selected to analyze their formation kinetics: tridecane, 1‐tetradecene, tetradecane, 1‐pentadecene, pentadecane, and 2‐DCB. The concentration of the selected compounds increased linearly with irradiation dose following zeroth‐order kinetics, except for tridecane and tetradecane in tripalmitin, formation of which followed first‐order kinetics. The formation rate of hydrocarbons was higher in tripalmitin than in chicken fat (5× higher for pentadecane), while 2‐DCB formed faster (3.5×) in chicken fat than in tripalmitin. This difference was related to the diversity in the natural fatty acid composition of chicken fat as compared to the homogeneous structure of tripalmitin. The results of this study indicate that the concentrations of palmitic acid radiolysis products linearly increase with irradiation dose in general to offer potential to back‐trace irradiation dose in lipid‐rich foods.
Bacterial cellulose/PANi mat for Cr(VI) removal at acidic pH
Authors: Jahan Kousar , Kumar Nitesh , Verma Vivek 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRemediation of hexavalent chromium ‐ Cr(VI) at acidic pH using polyaniline coated bacterial cellulose porous mat (BC/PANi) is presented and the possible mechanism is discussed. The efficacy of BC/PANi mats in remediation of Cr(VI) was studied by varying pH (pH 1, 2, 3, and 5) and initial Cr(VI) concentrations (250–1000 ppm) of the solution. The BC/PANi (50 mg) mat was able to completely reduce 2000 ppm Cr(VI) into Cr(III) in a 20 ml solution at pH ~ 1 in 24 h. An increasing chromium removal efficiency was observed with decreasing solution pH; reaching a maximum removal capacity of ~920 mg/g at pH 1. The proposed mechanism of negatively charged Cr(VI) ions removal by BC/PANi mat is adsorption and simultaneous reduction into Cr(III), followed by desorption of Cr(III) from the mat. The role of temperature and co‐existing anions like sulphate, nitrate and chloride found in industrial sludge were also investigated for removal efficiency of Cr(VI) at acidic pH ~ 1. The adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI) on polyaniline surface followed a pseudo‐second‐order model with reduction of Cr(VI) into Cr(III) as rate‐limiting step. The reduced Cr(III) from the media was further recovered by neutralizing the pH of the solution.
Novel silicon‐contained lignin‐based carbon fibers derived from bamboo pulping black liquor with improved electrochemical performance for supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Yongjian , Chen Shenglin , Zhu Meng , Liu Yan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCarbon fibers (CFs) are a promising candidate as electrode materials for flexible supercapacitors given its light weight and moderate cost. In this study, the lignin used was partially separated from kraft bamboo pulping black liquor and the higher molecular weight fraction, unavoidably contains a small amount of silicon compounds, so named silicon‐contained lignin. Novel CFs were prepared using commercial polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and the lignin by electrospinning and further carbonization. Even in the presence of silicon compounds, the fibrous morphology of precursor fibers was significantly good, and the CFs with uniform fiber diameter and high specific surface area up to 182 m2/g were obtained with an increase in silicon‐contained lignin. The CFs fabricated from silicon‐contained lignin and commercial PAN had higher specific capacitance (22.20 mF/cm2at 10 mA/cm2) and superb cycling stability (94.21%) than that from silicon‐free lignin or pure PAN separately.
A new adaptive deep neural network controller based on sparse auto‐encoder for the antilock bracking system systems subject to high constraints
Authors: Ait Abbas Hamou 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe contribute in the current paper to extend the universal function approximation property of deep learning hybrid strategy to design both : (a) adaptive deep neural network observer to estimate derivatives of the tracking error dynamics (b) and robust deep neural network (DNN) output feedback control scheme (OFCS) that will overcome successfully effects of both parametric variations and modeling errors. First, the designed controller employs OFCS to linearize the partially known antilock bracking (ABS) dynamics, and then, the dynamic compensator is involved to stabilize the linearized system. However, conventional controllers suffer from limitations due to the presence of these high uncertainties. Therefore, we aim to demonstrate for the first time in the control area the feasibility of applying deep learning algorithm based on sparse auto‐encoder as an approximator for neglected dynamics and uncertain parameters of the ABS. The estimated states are used as inputs to the neural network (NN) and in the adaptation laws as an error signal. Simulations of the proposed control algorithm based adaptive DNN observer are conducted then compared to bang–bang controller, PI controller, and adaptive controller‐based single hidden layer‐neural network with only one‐neuron in hidden layers (SHL(1N)NN) to demonstrate its practical potential. Furthermore, both feasibility and efficiency of involving deep learning algorithm (DLA) in the control area have been successfully confirmed through robustness test.
Social anxiety symptoms in autism spectrum disorder and social anxiety disorder: Considering the reliability of self‐report instruments in adult cohorts
Authors: Boulton Kelsie A. , Guastella Adam J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at elevated risk for social anxiety disorder (SAD). Limited information exists on the reliability of social anxiety instruments with these adults and their performance when compared to individuals with SAD without ASD. This study examines psychometric properties of self‐report social anxiety instruments in autistic adults without intellectual disability, compared to adults with SAD. Additionally, we compared instrument scores between a subgroup of autistic adults with a dual diagnosis of SAD (ASD + SAD) and adults with SAD only. Adults diagnosed with SAD (N = 316) or ASD (N = 102) were recruited from the Brain and Mind Centre in New South Wales, Australia. Sixty autistic participants also received a diagnosis of SAD (ASD + SAD). Participants completed the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale–self‐report, the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, the Social Phobia Scale, and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale. All instruments showed excellent internal consistency in autistic adults. The instruments showed evidence of convergent validity, and the strength of relationships between measures were equivalent between ASD and SAD groups. For all instruments, performance of these instruments in autistic adults with a SAD diagnosis was very similar to performance in adults diagnosed with SAD but without ASD. Findings support the use of these instruments for identifying social anxiety symptoms in autistic adults without intellectual disability and have utility for mental health clinical services.Lay SummaryAutistic adults often experience social anxiety. We examined the use of four social anxiety questionnaires in autistic adults, compared to adults with SAD. We found similar results between autistic adults and adults with SAD, suggesting that these questionnaires can be useful for measuring social anxiety symptoms in autistic adults. These findings have implications for clinical services, as they show that these instruments are reliable when used with autistic adults.
Macroparticle‐enhanced cultivation of Lentzea aerocolonigenes: Variation of mechanical stress and combination with lecithin supplementation for a significantly increased rebeccamycin production
Authors: Schrinner Kathrin , Schrader Marcel , Niebusch Jana , Althof Kristin , Schwarzer Friederike A. , Nowka Paul‐Frederik , Dinius Anna , Kwade Arno , Krull Rainer 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe actinomycete Lentzea aerocolonigenes produces the antitumor antibiotic rebeccamycin. In previous studies the rebeccamycin production was significantly increased by the addition of glass beads during cultivation in different diameters between 0.5 and 2 mm and the induced mechanical stress by the glass beads was proposed to be responsible for the increased production. Thus, this study was conducted to be a systematic investigation of different parameters for macroparticle addition, such as bead diameter, concentration, and density (glass and ceramic) as well as shaking frequency, for a better understanding of the particle‐induced stress on L. aerocolonigenes. The induced stress for optimal rebeccamycin production can be estimated by a combination of stress energy and stress frequency.In addition, the macroparticle‐enhanced cultivation of L. aerocolonigenes was combined with soy lecithin addition to further increase the rebeccamycin concentration. With 100 g L−1 glass beads in a diameter of 969 µm and 5 g L−1 soy lecithin a concentration of 388 mg L−1 rebeccamycin was reached after 10 days of cultivation, which corresponds to the highest rebeccamycin concentrations achieved in shake flask cultivations of L. aerocolonigenes stated in literature so far.