bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two diverse carriers are better than one: A case study in α‐particle therapy for prostate specific membrane antigen‐expressing prostate cancers
Authors: Salerno Dominick , Howe Alaina , Bhatavdekar Omkar , Josefsson Anders , Pacheco‐Torres Jesus , Bhujwalla Zaver M. , Gabrielson Kathleen L. , Sofou Stavroula 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPartial and/or heterogeneous irradiation of established (i.e., large, vascularized) tumors by α‐particles that exhibit only a 4–5 cell‐diameter range in tissue, limits the therapeutic effect, since regions not being hit by the high energy α‐particles are likely not to be killed. This study aims to mechanistically understand a delivery strategy to uniformly distribute α‐particles within established solid tumors by simultaneously delivering the same α‐particle emitter by two diverse carriers, each killing a different region of the tumor: (1) the cancer‐agnostic, but also tumor‐responsive, liposomes engineered to best irradiate tumor regions far from the vasculature, and (2) a separately administered, antibody, targeting any cancer‐cell's surface marker, to best irradiate the tumor perivascular regions. We demonstrate that on a prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA)‐expressing prostate cancer xenograft mouse model, for the same total injected radioactivity of the α‐particle emitter Actinium‐225, any radioactivity split ratio between the two carriers resulted in better tumor growth inhibition compared to the tumor inhibition when the total radioactivity was delivered by any of the two carriers alone. This finding was due to more uniform tumor irradiation for the same total injected radioactivity. The killing efficacy was improved even though the tumor‐absorbed dose delivered by the combined carriers was lower than the tumor‐absorbed dose delivered by the antibody alone. Studies on spheroids with different receptor‐expression, used as surrogates of the tumors' avascular regions, demonstrated that our delivery strategy is valid even for as low as 1+ (ImmunoHistoChemistry score) PSMA‐levels. The findings presented herein may hold clinical promise for those established tumors not being effectively eradicated by current α‐particle radiotherapies.
Counselling students' responses to conducting role‐play activities online: An evaluation of MSc university students
Authors: Young Lauren 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe transition to remote learning in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic was unprecedented and unanticipated, resulting in professional courses delivering content and conducting skills‐based practice online. For counselling students, placements also transitioned to online, meaning previous skills acquired through face‐to‐face learning required adapting for remote working. This project sought to evaluate UK‐based counselling students' experiences of participating in online role‐play activities. Through purposive sampling, individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted and analysed applying thematic analysis. The findings indicated participants identified fundamental differences between planned online content compared to the unanticipated transition they experienced due to the pandemic. Whilst varying attitudes were shared, all participants recognised the value of skill acquisition for future employability and all recommended an element of online practice should be embedded in future course delivery. Whilst limited to a specific sample, key recommendations were identified, including the importance of involving students in course development, recognising the importance of diversifying role‐play practices for skill development and the application of a transitions model to facilitate understanding of the student experience. Though making some progress towards understanding this unique experience, further evaluations conducted with students from different counselling fields and institutions are required to further strengthen the recommendations made.
The dinosaur that still roars
Authors: Blankenship James C. 
Published: November 2021

Key Points
Rotational atherectomy (RA) and orbital atherectomy (OA) are both effective in ablating calcified lesions in preparation for coronary stenting. It remains unclear, which is superior.
This meta‐analysis of eight non‐randomized studies comparing OA and RA finds that RA causes fewer dissections and perforations but OA is associated with fewer myocardial infarctions, mortalities, and target vessel revascularizations.
Limitations of this meta‐analysis prevent any firm conclusions about which are superior. Experience with one device or the other may be more important than which is chosen.
Neue Perspektiven für Betriebsingenieure
Authors: Woppowa Ljuba 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCorona, Klima, Energie, Lieferengpässe ‐ all dies sind nicht nur Themen der Nachrichtenagenturen, sondern Herausforderungen, denen sich Betriebsingenieure im praktischen Alltag stellen müssen. Sie bieten aber auch neue Perspektiven für diese Garanten einer zuverlässigen Produktion und bestmöglichen Anlagenverfügbarkeit. Zur Diskussion darüber lädt die VDI‐Gesellschaft Verfahrenstechnik und Chemieingenieurwesen zum 12. Jahrestreffen der Betriebsingenieure am 26.11.2021 ein.
Temperaturprofile im Hydrocracker überwachen
Authors: Miceli Pietro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDa herkömmliche Thermoelemente bei Multipoint‐Sonden im Hydrocracker aufgrund der extremen Prozessbedingungen in Feldtests bereits nach kurzer Zeit drifteten, haben sich die Verantwortlichen einer Raffinerie in entschieden, auf Thermoelemente vom Typ iTherm ProfileSens von Endress + Hauser zu setzen und haben somit sowohl die Produktivität als auch die Sicherheit der Anlage erhöht.
Pneumatische Drehantriebe überwachen
Authors: Saal Franz 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPneumatischen Drehantriebe werden durch eine Neuentwicklung der Sensorik in der Lage sein, erweiterte Aufgaben zu erfüllen. Eine davon besteht darin, die Veränderungsprozesse an Armaturen und den Antrieben, wie Belag, Abtrag, Korrosion, Kavitation, Schwergang, gebrochene Wellen usw., zu messen. Den Veränderungsprozess kann die ‐Direktmessung nicht aufhalten, jedoch die schädlichen Auswirkungen maßgeblich verhindern.
Disziplinübergreifend in einem Datenmodell
Authors: Kiesel Johanna 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDer Betreiber des Industrieparks Höchst (ISH) und Experte für chemienahe Dienstleistungen mit Über 100 Standorten in Deutschland, hat sich im Engineering für einen Paradigmenwechsel entschieden und setzt eine Softwareplattform von Aucotec ein.
Large herbivores facilitate an insect herbivore by modifying plant community composition in a temperate grassland
Authors: Li Xiaofei , Wang Shengnan , Prather Chelse , Wan Ho Yi , Zhu Hui , Nummi Petri , Inbar Moshe , Gao Qiang , Wang Deli , Zhong Zhiwei 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLarge herbivores often co‐occur and share plant resources with herbivorous insects in grassland ecosystems; yet, how they interact with each other remains poorly understood. We conducted a series of field experiments to investigate whether and how large domestic herbivores (sheep; Ovis aries) may affect the abundance of a common herbivorous insect (aphid; Hyalopterus pruni) in a temperate grassland of northeast China. Our exclosure experiment showed that 3 years (2010–2012) of sheep grazing had led to 86% higher aphid abundance compared with ungrazed sites. Mechanistically, this facilitative effect was driven by grazing altering the plant community, rather than by changes in food availability and predator abundance for aphids. Sheep significantly altered plant community by reducing the abundance of unpalatable forbs for the aphids. Our small‐scale forb removal experiment revealed an “associational plant defense” by forbs which protect the grass Phragmites australis from being attacked by the aphids. However, selective grazing on forbs by sheep indirectly disrupted such associational plant defense, making P. australis more susceptible to aphids, consequentially increasing the density of aphids. These findings provide a novel mechanistic explanation for the effects of large herbivores on herbivorous insects by linking selective grazing to plant community composition and the responses of insect populations in grassland ecosystems.
Reintroduction of native plants indicates the return of ecosystem services after iron mining at the Urucum Massif
Authors: Gastauer Markus , Ramos Silvio Junio , Caldeira Cecílio Frois , Siqueira José Oswaldo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTo reduce the net losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services caused by iron ore mining in Brazil, mineland rehabilitation using native plant species is necessary. However, systematic knowledge about which plant species are the best candidates for mineland rehabilitation is lacking. Therefore, iron mining companies working on the Urucum Massif reintroduce as many native herb and shrub species as possible to achieve the rehabilitation of savanna vegetation communities. To this end, seeds are collected from nearby native ecosystems, and seedlings are rescued from logged areas or produced in a local nursery. Monitoring is necessary to assess the persistence of the reinstated communities and their similarity to natural reference conditions. Ideally, monitoring efforts should compare the floristic composition of the rehabilitating sites with that of natural reference ecosystems. Here, we compared sites that had undergone two or three years of rehabilitation after iron ore mining on the Urucum Massif, MS, Brazil, with native reference sites. The species composition as well as structural, taxonomic, and phylogenetic diversity indices were compared between the reference and rehabilitating sites. Despite the differences in species composition between the rehabilitating and reference sites, we found more than 50 native species and partial recovery of the vegetation structure in the rehabilitating sites. Furthermore, we detected similar levels of animal‐dispersed plant species at rehabilitating and reference sites. These environmental indicators indicate that trial‐and‐error approaches are indeed able to establish considerable native species diversity during mineland rehabilitation. Furthermore, the partial recovery of the vegetation structure suggests the gradual return of soil functions in the long term, and the presence of zoochorous species is expected to attract seed‐dispersing animals that enable gene flow as well as the arrival of additional plant species. Nevertheless, the high cover values of alien exotic species, which are negatively correlated with the diversity of the reinstated communities, endanger the success of mineland rehabilitation in the Urucum Massif, and effective control methods for invasive populations are required. These efforts should be accompanied by enrichment plantings to maintain the diversity of native plant communities at the rehabilitation sites and ongoing environmental monitoring.
Feeding on epibenthic zooplankton by Long‐tailed Ducks: patch structure, profitability, and food web implications
Authors: Lovvorn James R. , Brooks Marjorie L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractModels of the trophic needs and impacts of mobile predators in food web networks typically do not consider interactions between prey dispersion and threshold prey densities needed for profitable foraging. As a result, the biomass of predators that can be supported, or direct and indirect impacts of those predators on other food web components, may be poorly estimated. In Simpson Lagoon on the U.S. Arctic coast, epibenthic amphipods and especially mysid shrimp comprised most of the diets of fish, and of Long‐tailed Ducks (Clangula hyemalis) which strongly dominated prey consumption. Based on mean prey densities and gross estimates of prey biomass consumed, earlier studies estimated that continuous immigration of mysids into the lagoon was needed to support the predators. Comparison of variances from net samples vs. different probability density functions (PDFs) around reported means indicated that prey were not normally distributed, and instead occurred in patches with a skewed and wide range of densities. We used the functional response of captive Long‐tailed Ducks eating mysids, and a foraging energetics model, to identify minimum prey densities these diving ducks needed to feed profitably. Based on PDFs that assumed prey densities in all 1‐m2 cells (patches for single feeding dives on potential mysid swarms) were independent, we simulated prey grids with slightly skewed to highly skewed distributions for the reported sample means. Results showed that the greater the range of patch densities, the smaller the fraction of prey biomass that was profitably available to the ducks, thereby increasing the requisite immigration of mysids. Consumption by ectothermic predators further decreased prey available and advanced the date and increased the amount of mysid influx required. The models also showed that the birds had to seek areas with non‐independent clusters of high‐density feeding patches as prey declined in late summer. Thus, spatially continuous measures of patch structure over larger scales are needed to estimate the fraction of prey that is functionally available. Our study emphasizes that when estimating trophic needs and impacts of mobile endothermic predators, simple means of prey density can be misleading, owing to interactions of prey patch structure with profitability thresholds.
Numerical study of chemical reaction and heat transfer of MHD slip flow with Joule heating and Soret–Dufour effect over an exponentially stretching sheet
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Sinha Sharad , Sharma Anil , Agrawal Priyanka , Kumar Dadheech Praveen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA study of Soret–Dufour effects along with chemical reaction, viscous dissipation combining on MHD Joule heating for viscous incompressible flow is presented. It is assumed that fluid is flowing past an angled stretching sheet saturated in porous means. The slip conditions of velocity, concentration, and temperature are accounted for at the boundary. The mathematical expression of the problem contains highly nonlinear interconnected partial differential equations. To convert governing equations into ordinary differential equations, appropriate similarity transformations were utilized. These differential equations with boundary constraints are resolved by homotopy analysis method. Expression for velocity, concentration, and temperature are derived in the form of series. Effects of numerous physical parameters, for example, Schmidt number, Soret number, buoyancy ratio parameter, slip parameter, and so forth, on various flow characteristics are presented through graphs. Numerous values of velocity, concentration, and temperature gradient are tabulated against different parameters. Results show that the fluid velocity increases by enhancing the Soret number, Dufour number, or permeability parameter. The fluid's concentration rises as the Soret number increases, while it falls as the Dufour number, chemical reaction parameter, or permeability parameter increases.
Are they arboreal? Climbing abilities and mechanics in the red‐backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus)
Authors: Hanna Christopher S. , Alihosseini Christopher , Fischer Hannah M. , Davoli Elizabeth C. , Granatosky Michael C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWhile red‐backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) are most often observed in terrestrial forested areas, several studies report arboreal substrate use and climbing behavior. However, salamanders do not have any of the anatomical features commonly observed in specialized climbing species (e.g., claws, setae, suction cups). Instead, salamanders cling to surfaces using the shear and adhesive properties of their mucous layer. In this study, we explore the capabilities and spatiotemporal gait patterns of arboreal locomotion in the red‐backed salamander as they move across twelve substrate conditions ranging in diameter, orientation, and roughness. On arboreal substrates, red‐backed salamanders decreased locomotor speed, stride frequency, phase and stride length, and increased duty factor and stride duration. Such responses have been observed in other non‐salamander species and are posited to increase arboreal stability. Furthermore, these findings indicate that amphibian locomotion, or at least the locomotor behavior of the red‐backed salamander, is not stereotyped and that some locomotor plasticity is possible in response to the demands of the external environment. However, red‐backed salamanders were unable to locomote on any small‐diameter or vertically‐oriented coarse substrates. This finding provides strong evidence that the climbing abilities of red‐backed salamanders are attributable solely to mucous adhesion and that this species is unable to produce the necessary external “gripping” forces to achieve fine‐branch arboreal locomotion or scale substrates where adhesion is not possible. The red‐backed salamander provides an ideal model for arboreal locomotor performance of anatomically‐unspecialized amphibians and offers insight into transitionary stages in the evolution of arborealism in this lineage.
Neuroprotective activity of new Δ3‐N‐acylethanolamines in a focal ischemia stroke model
Authors: Shirazi Rahau S. , Vyssotski Mikhail , Lagutin Kirill , Thompson Dion , MacDonald Christa , Luscombe Vincent , Glass Michelle , Parker Kim , Gowing Emma K. , Williams D. Bradley G. , Clarkson Andrew N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractN‐acylethanolamines (NAE, also called ethanolamides) are significant lipid signaling molecules with anti‐inflammatory, pain‐relieving, cell‐protective, and anticancer properties. Here, we present the use of a hitherto unreported group of Δ3‐NAE and also some Δ4‐ and Δ5‐NAE, in in vitro and in vivo assays to gain a better understanding of their structure–bioactivity relationships. We have developed an efficient synthetic method to rapidly produce novel unlabeled and 13C‐labeled Δ3‐NAE (NAE‐18:5n‐3, NAE‐18:4n‐6) and Δ4‐NAE (NAE‐22:5n‐6). The new NAE with shorter carbon backbone structures confers greater neuroprotection than their longer carbon backbone counterparts, including anandamide (Δ5‐NAE‐20:4n‐6) in a focal ischemia mouse model of stroke. This study highlights structure‐dependent protective effects of new NAE following focal ischemia, in which some of the new NAE, administered intranasally, lead to significantly reduced infarct volume and improved recovery of limb use. The relative affinity of the new NAE toward cannabinoid receptors was assessed against anandamide, NAE‐22:6n‐3 and NAE‐20:5n‐3, which are known cannabinoid receptor ligands with high‐binding constants. Among the newly synthesized NAE, Δ4‐NAE‐22:5n‐6 shows the greatest relative affinity to cannabinoid receptors hCB1 and hCB2, and inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate activity through hCB2 compared to anandamide.
Ethyl Cellulose/Rare Earth Complexes Light‐Conversion Films and Exploration in Acid Rain Detection
Authors: Zhang Zhiyuan , Li Yuanghang , Fu Zhengquan , Wang Di , Wang Chengyu , Li Jian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGenerally, precipitation with pH less than 5.6 is considered acid rain, which will have adverse effects on water, soil, animals, and plants, etc, therefore, rapid detection of acid rain is of great significance. In this work, the rare earth europium is combined with 4,4,4‐trifluoro‐1‐phenyl‐1,3‐butanedione to obtain the Eu3+ complex, Eu(BTA)3(H2O)2. As an auxiliary ligand and matrix, ethyl cellulose avoided the fluorescence quenching caused by uneven dispersion of the complex in the matrix and while sensitizing the fluorescence of Eu3+. The rare earth complex light‐conversion film is successfully prepared. The results showed that the film has good responsiveness to pH value. In the process of neutral to acidic aqueous solution, the fluorescence is gradually quenched and exhibits a good linear relationship, when the aqueous solution changed from acid to neutral, the fluorescence will be restored, and the fluorescence intensity can still maintain above 90% after 5 repetitions. In addition, the light‐conversion film has excellent light conversion ability and high color purity. It can transform harmful ultraviolet light into red light which is conducive to photosynthesis, as well as prevent damage of acid rain to plants and has a certain positive effect on agricultural production.
Learning a preconditioner to accelerate compressed sensing reconstructions in MRI
Authors: Koolstra Kirsten , Remis Rob 
Published: November 2021

PurposeTo learn a preconditioner that accelerates parallel imaging (PI) and compressed sensing (CS) reconstructions.MethodsA convolutional neural network (CNN) with residual connections was used to train a preconditioning operator. Training and validation data were simulated using 50% brain images and 50% white Gaussian noise images. Each multichannel training example contains a simulated sampling mask, complex coil sensitivity maps, and two regularization parameter maps. The trained model was integrated in the preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method as part of the split Bregman CS method. The acceleration performance was compared with that of a circulant PI‐CS preconditioner for varying undersampling factors, number of coil elements and anatomies.ResultsThe learned preconditioner reduces the number of PCG iterations by a factor of 4, yielding a similar acceleration as an efficient circulant preconditioner. The method generalizes well to different sampling schemes, coil configurations and anatomies.ConclusionIt is possible to learn adaptable preconditioners for PI and CS reconstructions that meet the performance of state‐of‐the‐art preconditioners. Further acceleration could be achieved by optimizing the network architecture and the training set. Such a preconditioner could also be integrated in fully learned reconstruction methods to accelerate the training process of unrolled networks.
The lamellar MOFs@polymer networks hybrids fabricated in reversed microemulsion for efficient CO2 capture
Authors: He Naipu , Li Chao , Zhao Xiaozhu , Li Yuhong , Zhang Xuehui , Qiao Yaoyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractZIF‐8@polymer networks hybrids (ZIF‐8@PNs), consisting of the flexible CO2 responsive polymer and rigid ZIF‐8 crystals, were fabricated using DMAPMA as the monomer and BIS as the cross‐linker by the reversed microemulsion polymerization, and characterized by the powder XRD, SEM, TEM, DLS, FT‐IR, and TGA. Monomers and cross‐linkers were initiated by AIBN to form polymer networks which coated ZIF‐8 crystals. The shape of ZIF‐8@PNs was modulated by the micelles of surfactant in the reversed microemulsion. In particular, the lamellar ZIF‐8@PNs hybrids with the regular thickness of 50–70 nm in which ZIF‐8 crystals were wrapped by the flexible polymer networks and still retained the crystal skeleton, were fabricated at the high concentration of surfactant in the reversed microemulsion. Additionally, the adsorption capacity of ZIF‐8@PNs hybrids for CO2 has been evaluated. Under the higher initial pressure at the lower temperature, the adsorption of ZIF‐8@PNs for CO2 was higher than that of the pure ZIF‐8, and was an increasing of 180%. The adsorption kinetic models of ZIF‐8@PNs for CO2 indicated that CO2 was efficiently captured in the pores of ZIF‐8 in the internal and the flexible polymer networks on the surface of ZIF‐8@PNs. Moreover, ZIF‐8@PNs had good regeneration of CO2 adsorption, and remained more than 90% after 6 cycles.