bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful weaning from mechanical ventilation after Serratus Anterior Plane block in a chest trauma patient
Authors: D’Errico Cristiano , Sellini Manuela , Cafiero Tullio , Romano Giovanni Marco , Frangiosa Antonio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Chest trauma is associated with severe pain, which can hamper normal breathing. Serratus Anterior Plane block (SAPB) is a novel technique, which provides analgesia for chest wall surgery. We describe an interesting clinical case about the use of SAPB to improve pain and pulmonary function in a patient with severe chest trauma.

Case presentation
We report the pain management and the clinical evolution of a patient in ICU, with a severe chest trauma, after performing the SAPB. Following the SAPB, the patient had a reduction in pain intensity and an improvement in both respiratory mechanics and blood gas analysis allowing a weaning from mechanical ventilator.

Conclusions
Pain control greatly affects mortality and morbidity in patients with chest trauma. SAPB seems to be safer and equally effective in pain control compared to epidural analgesia in patients with chest trauma.
Active Charcoal from Palm Kernel Shells as a Catalyst in The Production of Biodiesel
Authors: Astuti Erna , Mufrodi Zahrul , Budiarti Gita Indah , Dewi Ayu Citra , Husna Mar'atul 
Published: October 2021

Palm kernel shells are one of the main wastes for processing of palm oil. Palm kernel shells are waste that can be used as a catalyst in the biodiesel production. Besides many natural ingredients, the price of catalyst prepared from these materials is also relatively cheap compared to other catalysts, make the biodiesel production more sustainable, and environmentally friendly. This study aims to make activated carbon from palm shell through the process of carbonization and chemical activation. The carbonization process was carried out at 550oC for 3 hours until charcoal was formed. While the activation process was carried out using ZnCl2 activators with concentrations of 0.1 M, 0.25 M, 0.5 M and 1 M which were activated for 4 hours at 90oC. Â Based on the results of the FTIR analysis the presence of O-H and C-O bonds indicates that the carbon produced from the palm kernel shell tends to be polar (volatile). Thus the charcoal produced can be used as catalyst in the biodiesel production. For the SEM test results, it can be seen morphologically that more pore crystals are added and are still brittle at a ZnCl2 concentration of 0.1 M. Based on FTIR and SEM analysis, the best activated charcoal was activated charcoal with a concentration of 0.25 M ZnCl2.
AGB-Klauseln zur Änderung von Bankverträgen nach der „Postbank-Entscheidung“ des BGH
Authors: Vogel Hans-Gert 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Mit einem aufsehenerregenden Urteil vom 27. 4. 2021 (ZBB 2021, 348, in diesem Heft) hat der XI. Zivilsenat des BGH den seit Jahrzehnten genutzten und auf einer Zustimmungsfiktion der Kunden basierenden Vertragsmechanismus der Banken und Sparkassen zur Änderung ihrer Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen als nicht mit § 307 BGB vereinbar verworfen. Der Senat hat entschieden, dass Klauseln in Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen eines Kreditinstituts, die ohne inhaltliche Einschränkung die Zustimmung des Kunden zu Änderungen seiner Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen und Sonderbedingungen fingieren, gegenüber Verbrauchern unwirksam sind. Auf den ersten Blick ist dies ein weiterer Baustein zum Ausbau des Verbraucherschutzes im Bereich der Finanzdienstleistungen. Tatsächlich sind die praktischen Auswirkungen der aktuellen Entscheidung jedoch wesentlich gravierender als diejenigen früherer Urteile des BGH zur Unwirksamkeit von Regelungen der AGB-Banken oder AGB-Sparkassen. Denn das Urteil vom 27. 4. 2021 betrifft nicht nur die Wirksamkeit einzelner (Preisanpassungs-)Klauseln, sondern ggf. aller seit dem jeweiligen Vertragsschluss mittels Zustimmungsfiktion vorgenommenen Vertragsanpassungen, unabhängig von deren Inhalt und Anlass. Die Entscheidung hat im Finanzdienstleistungssektor erhebliche Rechtsunsicherheiten ausgelöst, die sowohl das Bestands- als auch das Neukundengeschäft der Kredit- und Zahlungsinstitute betreffen. Die praktischen Gegebenheiten des täglichen Bankgeschäfts sowie die Funktions- und Innovationsfähigkeit des Marktes für Zahlungsdienste erfordern eine einschränkende Präzisierung.
Planting the Seeds for High-Quality Program Evaluation in Public Health
Authors: Codd Heather , Fierro Leslie , Castleman Ann Marie , Kuwahara Robin , Wilce Maureen , Gill Sarah , Perkins Ayana , Disler Sheri Barrera-Disler , Orians Carlyn , Anand Meenu , Nurmagambetov Tursynbek 
Published: October 2021

Evaluation and evidence-informed decision making are central to public health practice. In recent decades, the professional discipline of evaluation has experienced tremendous growth that can be leveraged for use in public health. To meet the growing need for program evaluation training, the National Asthma Control Program presents the e-textbook Planting the Seeds for High-Quality Program Evaluation in Public Health. This free e-textbook is designed to help public health students and professionals understand evaluation approaches and techniques to improve public health programs.
Center-peripheral differences in life expectancy in Russia: a regional analysis
Authors: Shchur Alexey , Timonin Sergey 
Published: October 2021

Elevated mortality (compared with the West) and significant spatial differences in life expectancy are serious challenges facing Russia. The goals of improving Russians' health and increasing their life expectancy by reducing inequality in mortality between regions and settlements are closely intertwined with the goals of spatial development of Russia, aimed at reducing interregional differences in the quality of life.
This paper presents an assessment of the scope and dynamics of changes in mortality differences between the ‘center’ and the ‘periphery’ in 67 regions of Russia, which are home to three-quarters of the country's population. The selected research period - 2003-2018 - is characterized by a steady increase in life expectancy at birth (LE) in Russia. Using unpublished data from Rosstat for cities, we estimated life expectancy at birth in 67 regional centers and in the rest of the regions (‘periphery’). Depending on the magnitude of the differences in LE and the dynamics, we identified 6 types of regions. For those regions with a LE gap between center and periphery larger than the average, the decomposition method was applied, which made it possible to determine the key age groups and causes of death responsible for such high differences.
In 36 regions of Russia classified as types I-III, the center-peripheral gap exceeded the average Russian level, while only in six regions in 2003-18 was there a tendency towards a reduction in the size of this gap. The decomposition results showed that elevated mortality of males in the periphery is due to a higher mortality rate at working age from external causes of death, especially from traffic accidents, homicides and suicides, as well as from ‘alcoholic’ causes of death; females in the periphery suffer from higher mortality rate at older ages from chronic non-communicable diseases.
Despite the seemingly ‘objective’ nature of the mortality differences between the center and the periphery (the advantage of the former being due to the socio-demographic characteristics of its residents and the educational structure of the population, as well as to selective migration), the positive experience of other countries shows that effective public health policies can substantially reduce the degree of spatial inequality in mortality even if significant heterogeneity in the level of socio-economic development remains.
Muhasebe Mesleğinin Geleceği Boyutunda Akademik Yayınların Bibliyometrik Analizi
Authors: İŞSEVEROĞLU Gülsün 
Published: October 2021

Amaç: Çalışmada “teknoloji tabanlı muhasebenin geleceği” boyutunda rehber metodolojiyi takip etmek amacıyla 2000-2020 yılları arasında bibliyometrik analiz yapılmıştır.
Tasarım/Yöntem: Muhasebe mesleği dijital geleceğe doğru yol alırken “dijital muhasebe ve eğitim, bilgi teknolojileri ve muhasebe, muhasebe denetimi ve teknoloji” kapsamında yayınlanan akademik çalışmalar “Web of Science”, “Scopus”, “TR Dizin” ve “Google School” veri tabanlarından elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler bibliyometrik analiz yazılımı Vosviewer (1.6.16) haritalama tekniğiyle görselleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Web of Science veri tabanında yapılan araştırmada 34 ülkenin 87 yayınına ulaşılmıştır. Yayınların ülkelere göre dağılımının bibliyometrik analizinde en çok yayın yapan (%17) ve yayınlarına en fazla atıf alan (% 29) ülke ABD'dir. En çok yayını olan üniversiteler, 29 yayın ve %6 pay ile Finlandiya merkezli Aalto ve Turku Üniversiteleridir. ABD'de Arkansas Üniversitesi 26 yayınla % 4,9'luk paya sahip. Scopus veri tabanında 32 ülkeden 154 yayın elde edilmiştir. ABD 20 yayın ve % 13 pay ile ilk sırada yer almaktadır. Yayınlarına en çok atıf alan ülke 751 atıf ve % 60 pay ile ABD'dir. En çok yayını olan üniversiteler, 482 atıf ve% 38'lik pay ile ABD'de Georgia Eyalet Üniversitesi'dir. Veri tabanlarında Türkiye kaynaklı bir yayına rastlanmamıştır. TR Dizini ve Google School veri tabanında, Türkiye’de mesleğinin dijital geleceği konusu kapsamında yapılan araştırmada 50 dergide 132 makalenin yer aldığı 8 kongrenin katkı sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. Muhasebe mesleğinin teknolojik gelişimine en fazla katkı sağlayan dergilerin başında %14 pay ile “Muhasebe ve Finansman” dergisi gelmektedir.
Sınırlılıklar: TR Dizini ve Google School veri tabanında, tekniğin kullanılamaması çalışmanın sınırlığıdır.
Özgünlük/Değer: Konu kapsamında, veri tabanlarından elde edilen verilere dayanarak Vosviewer haritalama tekniğiyle yapılan bibliyometrik analiz yazında ilk çalışmadır. Çalışma ile araştırmacılar için sistematik bir bilgi haritası sağlamak amaçlanmıştır.
Rapamycin Alleviates Cancellous Bone Loss and Cortical Bone Porosity In Ovariectomized Mice But Not Overall Biomechanical Performance
Authors: Li Ruoyao , Liu Junhao , Huang Zhiping , Wu Xiuhua , Zhu Qingan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Recent studies have shown that rapamycin (Rapa) rescues cancellous bone loss of osteoporosis models, but its effects on cortical bone and the biomechanical properties remain uncertain. This study was aimed to determine whether rapamycin improve the quality of long bones in ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis.Methods: Thirty female C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into Sham, OVX and OVX+Rapa group. Mice in the OVX+Rapa group were injected intraperitoneally with 1.5 mg/kg rapamycin daily after ovariectomy. After 12 weeks, the microstructures of femurs and the vascular canal porosity tibiae were analyzed by micro-CT. The compressive stiffness of the distal femurs was calculated with the micro-finite element method, and the bending strength of the tibiae was evaluated with a three-point bending test. Western blot of LC3, P62 was used to assess autophagy activity of bone. The number of osteoclasts was quantified by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining. ELISA detected the concentration of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) in serum.Results: OVX led to a decrease in cross-sectional areas of the mid-diaphyses and distal femoral cortical bones, increasing the cortical bone vascular canal porosity from 1.42% to 4.79%. The rapamycin reduced cancellous bone loss and decreased cortical bone vascular canal porosity by 3.9%, but further reduced the thickness of the distal femoral cortical bone by 16.7%, with no significant effect on the cortical bone in the mid-diaphyses. Compared to the Sham group, OVX mice showed a decrease in distal femoral stiffness to 6497 N/mm and a decrease in tibial maximum load to 6.08 N, while rapamycin intervention did not significantly improve the decreased biomechanical properties. Moreover, rapamycin remarkably reduced the TRAP-positive osteoclasts and the concentration of serum BALP by 80.6% and 30.8%, respectively. Autophagy was activated in the OVX group compared with the sham group.Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that rapamycin ameliorates cancellous bone loss and cortical bone porosity in ovariectomized mice but partly reduces the size of cortical bone, while has no effect on improving the biomechanical performance. Additionally, the present study also proved that OVX led to both cancellous and cortical bone loss, with attenuated biomechanical properties of long bones.
Hatching Under Brownification: DOC-Mediated Changes in Physical, but Not Chemical Properties of Water Affect Hatching Patterns of Cladocera Resting Eggs
Authors: Vargas Anderson L. , Santangelo Jayme M. , Bozelli Reinaldo L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is often related to the brownification of water in continental aquatic systems and to changes in the physiology of zooplankton organisms. Zooplankton resting eggs are particularly sensitive to changes in light and chemical characteristics of water, but the physical and chemical effects associated to DOC on dormant stages have never been tested before. Herein we tested how DOC affects hatching rates and time to hatching of Cladocera (Diaphanosoma birgei) resting eggs. In order to analyze the chemical (i.e. toxic) and physical (i.e. light attenuation) effects of DOC on hatching patterns, resting eggs were exposed to different concentrations of DOC in an experimental design which isolated chemical from physical effects. We observed higher hatching rates and lower time to hatching at intermediate DOC concentrations. DOC effects on hatching mainly relied on light attenuation, while chemical effects were likely of minor importance. We conclude that DOC may change Cladocera emergence patterns mainly through light attenuation in the water column.
Sputum Microbiome Composition in Patients With Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Baranova E. D. , Druzhinin V. G. , Matskova L. V. , Demenkov P. S. , Volobaev V. P . , Minina V. I. , Larionov A. V. , Titov V. A. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recent findings indicate that the microbiome can have a significant impact on the development of lung cancer by inducing inflammatory responses, causing dysbiosis and generating genome damage. The aim of this study was to search for bacterial markers of squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). In the study, the taxonomic composition of the sputum microbiome of 40 men with untreated LUSC was compared with 40 healthy controls. Next Generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes was used to determine the taxonomic composition of the respiratory microbiome. There was no differences in alpha diversity between the LUSC and control groups. Meanwhile, differences in the structure of bacterial communities (β diversity) among patients and controls differed significantly in sputum samples (pseudo-F = 1.65; p = 0.026). Only Streptococcus, Bacillus, Gemella and Haemophilus were found to be significantly increased in patients with LUSC compared to the control subjects, while 19 bacterial genera were significantly reduced, indicating a decrease in beta diversity in the microbiome of patients with LUSC. From our study, Streptococcus (Streptococcus agalactiae) emerges as the most likely LUSC biomarker, but more research is needed to confirm this assumption.
SNP-Based Breeding for Broiler Resistance to Ascites and Evaluation of Correlated Production Traits
Authors: Lee Katie , Anthony Nicholas , Orlowski Sara , Rhoads Douglas 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate marker-assisted selection (MAS) in broiler chickens using previously mapped gene regions associated with ascites syndrome incidence. The second-generation MAS products were assessed for impact on ascites phenotype and whether there were associated changes in important production traits. Previously, we used whole genome resequencing (WGR) to fine-map 28 chromosomal regions as associated with ascites phenotype in our experimental ascites broiler line (Relaxed, REL) based on a hypobaric chamber challenge. Genotypes for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in mapped regions on chromosomes 2 and 22, were used for MAS in our REL line. After two generations, birds homozygous for the genotypes associated with resistance for both chromosomal regions were established. The MAS F2 generation was then compared to the REL line for ascites susceptibility and 25 production traits. Results: Selection based on SNPs in the carboxypeptidase Q (CPQ, Gga2) and leucine rich repeat transmembrane neuronal 4 (LRRTM4, Gga22) gene regions resulted in a sex- and simulated altitude- dependent reduction of ascites incidence in two F2 cohorts of the MAS line. Comparisons of the F2 MAS and REL lines for production traits when reared at ambient pressure found no significant negative impacts for feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), or deboned part yields for either sex for two F2 cohorts. There were, however, improvements in the MAS for full-trial body weight gain (BWG), FCR, absolute and relative tender weights, and relative drumstick weight.Conclusions: These results validate the mapping of the 28 chromosomal regions and demonstrate that fine mapping by WGR is an effective strategy for addressing a complex trait; it also stands as the first successful SNP-based selection program against a complex disease trait, such as ascites. The MAS line is comparable and, in some instances, superior, in growth performance to the REL control while being more resistant to ascites. This study indicates that MAS based on WGR can provide significant breeding potential in agricultural systems.
Prognostic Significance of Immunoscore Related Markers in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Ariafar Ali , Ahmadvand Simin , Shekarkhar Golsa , Safaei Akbar , Shayan Zahra , Faghih Zahra , Sanati Alireza 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background

The prognostic relevance of the total and specific subpopulations of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in cancer is now well-documented. In the present study, we investigated the relevance of CD3+, CD8+, CD45RO+, and FOXP3+ TILs to the prognosis and survival of bladder cancer patients, as well as the disease clinical and pathological parameters.
Methods

Infiltration of various subpopulations was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining in both stromal and intratumoral regions of tumor tissues from 85 patients with urothelial cell carcinoma of bladder with known survival.
Results

Our results collectively indicated an increase in the frequency of both effector and memory cells (CD3+, CD8+, CD45RO+) along with tumor progression in earlier stages.
Conclusions

The increase in the frequencies of immune cells might simply be due to forming antitumor immune responses following recognition of tumor antigens in an attempt to eliminate tumor cells. However, suppressive microenvironment provided by tumors diminishes the functionality of effector and memory cells. More functional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to reveal the status of the immune system in patients with bladder cancer.
A modelling study on the vaccination against COVID-19 in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Libotte Gustavo , Anjos Lucas , Almeida Regina Célia , Malta Sandra Mara , Medronho Roberto 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The long-awaited roll-out of vaccination programmes against COVID-19 from across the globe has fuelled hope for a reduction in the incidence of cases and deaths, as well as the resumption of economic and social activities. Despite being the most effective measure to mitigate the pandemic, especially in regions where non-pharmaceutical interventions had been ineffective, many people suffered from the lack of efforts by government officials to conduct vaccination. In Brazil, vaccination has always been cutting across party political and ideological lines, which have delayed the start of vaccination and brought the whole process into disrepute. Such disputes put the immunisation of the population in the background and create additional hurdles beyond the pandemic, mistrust and scepticism over vaccines. We conduct a mathematical modelling study to analyse the impacts of late vaccination and with slowly increasing coverage, as well as how harmful it would be if part of the population refused to get vaccinated or missed the second dose in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The general framework we propose can be extended to analyse the epidemic situation in any region. Our results indicate that if the start of vaccination had been 30 days earlier, combined with efforts to drive vaccination rates up, about 18,000 deaths could have been averted. Furthermore, the slow pace of vaccination and the low demand for the second dose could cause a resurgence of cases as early as 2022.
The Sequence of the Ribosomal Binding Site Controls the Gene Expression in Brucella
Authors: Liu Shuang , Wang Peng , Dong Yanbo , Xu Heling , Li Shanhu , Zhang Linbo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundBrucella is an important pathogen causing Brucellosis. Vaccine strains obtained by a single knockout cannot combine low virulence and immunogenicity. Our study modified the SD sequence and spacer sequence of the RBS of Brucella to affect its protein expression. We altered the RBS of LPS-associated genes to reduce LPS-associated protein expression while retaining LPS integrity.ResultsWe first established an evaluation system based on the reporter gene red fluorescent protein mCherry. The mCherry expression could be changed by altering the Shine Dalgarno sequence and spacer sequence of RBS. After optimizing the Shine Dalgarno sequence, mCherry expression was increased 4-fold in E. coli and decreased by 1/4 in Brucella. The mCherry expression was increased 1.5-fold in E. coli and decreased to 1/2 in Brucella when the length of the spacer sequence was 0. When the spacer sequence was NA (N = 4, 8, 12nt) or NG (N = 4, 8, 12nt), mCherry expression was reduced in both E. coli and Brucella. Accordingly, two mutant strains were constructed in an attempt to decrease the expression of LptA and LpxO, Brucella LPS-related genes, by 1/4. Silver staining experiments of LPS SDS-PAGE revealed an alteration in the composition of LPS in the two mutant strains. Polymyxin B experiments revealed that both mutant strains were more sensitive to Polymyxin B resistance.Conclusion: In Brucella, the expression of the target gene could be affected by changing the length or the composition of the RBS sequence. The LPS gene remained unchanged while reducing the expression of its associated protein, achieving the original goal of reducing bacterial virulence while retaining immunogenicity. It is a promising strategy to improve the safety and efficacy of vaccines.