bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurobiology of Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Hollander Eric , Palkar Pooja 
Published: January 2021

In recent years, advances in the fields of neuroimaging and experimental psychology increased our understanding of the basic mechanisms of classical conditioning and learning, contributing to our knowledge of the neurobiology of anxiety disorders. Research has shown that the amygdala is the cornerstone of fear circuitry and that abnormalities in amygdala pathways can affect the acquisition and expression of fear conditioning. Activation of the amygdala in response to disorder-relevant stimuli has been observed in anxiety disorders. The roles of the hippocampus, nucleus accumbens, periaqueductal gray, and insular and medial prefrontal cortices in response to fear have been identified as well. Neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, and some neurosteroids play an important part in the neurobiology of anxiety disorders. Neuropeptides such as oxytocin, neuropeptide Y, galanin, and cholecystokinin have been shown to modulate stress response. Drugs such as N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists and blockers of voltage-gated calcium channels in the amygdala are anxiolytic. Fear extinction, which entails new learning of fear inhibition, is the mechanism of effective antianxiety treatments such as d-cycloserine, a partial NMDA agonist. Extinction is thought to occur by the medial prefrontal cortex, which inhibits the lateral amygdala under hippocampal modulation. Harnessing extinction to delink neutral stimuli from aversive responses is an important goal of the psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders. Discovery of the role of microRNAs in the etiology of anxiety disorders and their possible utility as targets to treat these disorders is fascinating. In this review, we discuss the neurobiology of anxiety disorders, which will help us better manage them clinically.
This review contains 5 figures, 6 tables, and 39 references.
Key words: Amygdala, anxiety disorders, neurobiology, fear conditioning, neurocircuitry, neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, neurosteroids, endogenous opioids.
Contemporary Evidence-Based Approach to the Couple Experiencing Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Standardizing Terminology, Testing, and Treatment
Authors: Burks Channing , Stephenson Mary D , Schust Danny J 
Published: January 2021

The objective of this review is to highlight central issues relating to recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), including use of updated terminologies, updated criteria for initiating an RPL evaluation, and an evidence-based standard diagnostic evaluation. RPL is a condition characterized by repeated spontaneous demise of pregnancy. It is a multifactorial disorder that affects approximately 5% of couples in the general population who are trying to have a child. RPL should be defined as two or more pregnancy losses at any gestational age; these do not necessarily need to be consecutive. As 50 to 70% of pregnancy losses of less than 10 weeks gestational age are due to random numeric chromosome errors, we recommend chromosome testing of miscarriage tissues with the second and all subsequent miscarriages less than 10 weeks gestational age. If the second pregnancy loss is “unexplained,” meaning that the chromosome content is euploid (46,XX of pregnancy origin, 46,XY, or a balanced structural chromosomal rearrangement), then an RPL diagnostic evaluation is indicated. Despite a comprehensive evaluation, approximately 40% of couples with RPL will not have a specific etiologic factor identified. In these couples, as with all couples experiencing RPL, empirical management with close monitoring and supportive care during the first trimester is associated with encouraging subsequent live birth rates.

This review contains 10 figures, 5 tables and 57 references
Key words: factors associated with recurrent pregnancy loss, idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss, miscarriage chromosome testing, nonvisualized pregnancy loss, pregnancy of unknown location, recurrent miscarriage, recurrent pregnancy loss
Common Congenital Hand Differences
Authors: Soldado Francisco , Kozin Scott 
Published: January 2021

Congenital differences of the hand are common in a pediatric hand surgery practice. The child’s global health and genetic counseling should be addressed before focusing on the upper limb disorder. Appropriate referral is necessary to facilitate education about the congenital difference and its effect on subsequent generations. The physician must be comfortable and have a sound understanding of the diagnosis and treatment algorithm. Reoperation rates are high for even the most common congenital hand defects treated by experienced surgeons. Syndactyly, polydactyly, thumb hypoplasia, and symbrachydactyly are particularly commonplace and are discussed in this review. The main aim when treating these disorders is improving hand function; however, aesthetics must also be considered when planning surgery.

This review contains 36 figures, 3 tables and 50 references
Key words: congenital hand differences, pediatric hand, symbrachydactyly, syndactyly, thumb duplication, thumb hypoplasia
Couple and Family Therapy
Authors: ChenFeng Jessica , Gehart Diane 
Published: January 2021

Evidence-based couple and family therapies have a robust and well-established evidence base as a cost-effective treatment for numerous conditions and are the treatment of choice for several childhood and adult mental health issues. This review provides a brief overview of systemic couple and family therapy principles and then reviews the evidence base for using these methods with specific disorders. Family therapy treatments have been identified as a primary intervention for several childhood and adolescent disorders, including conduct, alcohol and substance use, attention-deficit, autism, psychotic, mood, anxiety, and eating disorders, as well as certain physical disorders, including diabetes, enuresis, and asthma. For adults, the current evidence base supports couples therapy for major depressive disorder with couple distress, alcohol and substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, distressed couples, and interpersonal violence with certain batterers. In addition, couple and family therapy is indicated for certain adult chronic health conditions, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, dementia, and diabetes. The review concludes with a discussion of effective referral for and training in evidence-based family therapy approaches.
This review contains 6 figures, 5 tables, and 53 references.
Key words: ADD/ADHD, adolescent, childhood trauma, conduct disorder, couples therapy, depression, eating disorders, family therapy, marital therapy, mood disorder
Pathophysiology and Treatment of Uric Acid Stones
Authors: Whitaker Dustin , Saidian Ava , Britt Jacob , Boyd Carter , Wood Kyle , Assimos Dean G 
Published: January 2021

Uric acid is the third most common stone composition and comprises 7 to 10% of all kidney stones sent for analysis. These stones are more common with increasing age and in men. Uric acid stone disease is associated with conditions such as the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Uric acid is produced by the enzyme, xanthine oxidase and is the final product of purine metabolism in humans. Three main factors contribute to the formation of uric acid stones: low urine pH (the most important), hyperuricosuria (rare, includes conditions such as myeloproliferative disorders and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome), and low urine volume. Uric acid stones appear radiolucent on plain radiographs and are ultimately diagnosed via stone analysis. These stones may be treated with medical expulsive therapy, dissolution therapy, or surgical intervention depending on the size, location, and clinical presentation. Urine pH manipulation therapy with potassium citrate is the first-line treatment for the prevention of uric acid stones and attempts at dissolution. Allopurinol should not be offered as the first-line therapy for uric acid stones.
This review contains 3 figures, 1 table and 38 references
Key Words: ammonium, diabetes mellitus, epidemiology, management, metabolic syndrome, nephrolithiasis, pathophysiology, potassium citrate, uric acid, urine pH
Orthopedic outcomes of hybrid and conventional Hyrax expanders:
Authors: Garib Daniela , Miranda Felicia , Palomo Juan Martin , Pugliese Fernando , da Cunha Bastos José Carlos , dos Santos Alexandre Magno , Janson Guilherme 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To compare the effects of a hybrid miniscrew-supported expander versus a conventional Hyrax (CH) expander in growing patients.

Materials and Methods
Forty patients were randomized into two groups: a hybrid Hyrax (HH) expander group using a Hyrax expander with two miniscrews and a CH expander group. The final sample had 18 subjects (8 female, 10 male; initial age of 10.8 years) in the HH group and 14 subjects (6 female, 8 male; initial age of 11.4 years) in the CH group. Cone-beam computed tomography examinations and digital dental models were obtained before expansion and 11 months postexpansion. The primary outcomes included the orthopedic transverse effects of expansion. Intergroup comparison was performed using analysis of covariance (P &lt; .05).

Results
Significantly greater increases in the nasal cavity width, maxillary width, and buccal alveolar crest width were found for the HH group. No intergroup differences were observed for dental arch width or shape changes.

Conclusions
The HH group showed greater increases in the nasal cavity width, maxillary width, and buccal alveolar crest width. No differences were observed for intermolar, interpremolar, or intercanine widths; arch length; or arch perimeter. Arch size and shape showed similar changes in both groups.
Sisäilma ja identiteetit: Identiteettityö työpaikan sisäilmaongelmien kontekstissa
Authors: Finell Eerika , Suoninen Eero , Seppälä Tuija 
Published: January 2021

Sisäilmaongelmien yhteys erilaisiin terveysongelmiin on edelleen osittain kiistanalainen. Tämä voi vaatia sisäilmasta oireilevilta tai sairastuneilta tavallista intensiivisempää identiteettityötä. Analysoimme tässä tutkimuksessa diskurssianalyyttisestä näkökulmasta, millaisia erilaisia identiteettejä vastaajat tuottivat, kun he kirjoittivat kokemuksistaan työpaikkansa sisäilmaongelmista. Esseeaineisto oli kerätty Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seuran kautta (N=20 vastaajaa). Tunnistimme kuusi erilaista identiteettiä, joissa kussakin kirjoittaja haki eri tavoin moraalista tunnustusta itselleen: normaali yksilö, hyvä ihminen, rationaalinen toimija, oikeutettu uhri, kärsimyksen viisastama ja yhteisten oikeuksien ajaja. Identiteetit erottuivat toisistaan sen mukaan, kuinka eroa sairastuneen ja terveiden välille rakennettiin, korostiko kirjoittaja niissä yksilöllisiä ominaisuuksia vai ryhmäjäsenyyksiä, kuinka heikkoja tai vahvoja toimijuuksia identiteetit tarjosivat ja mitä erilaisia stigmoja niillä pyrittiin torjumaan. Sama vastaaja saattoi tuottaa useaa erilaista identiteettiä, ja identiteettityötä leimasi tasapainottelu niiden eri muotojen välillä. Sisäilmaongelmista kärsivien potilaiden kunnioittava kohtaaminen edellyttää terveydenhoitohenkilökunnalta ymmärrystä potilaiden haastavasta identiteettityöstä ja niistä stigmoista, joita identiteettityöllä pyritään torjumaan.
”Olimme kaikki osallisia ´kaipuun sakramentista´”. Ehtoollinen ja kirkkoherrojen kokemukset Suomen evankelis-luterilaisessa kirkossa koronakeväänä 2020
Authors: Kallatsa Laura , Mikkola Sini 
Published: January 2021

Keväällä 2020 Suomi siirtyi poikkeusoloihin COVID-19-epidemian vuoksi. Maailmanlaajuinen pandemia vaikutti myös Suomen evankelis-luterilaisen kirkon jumalanpalveluselämään. Myös kristikunnan suurinta juhlaa, pääsiäistä, vietettiin poikkeusoloissa. Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastelemme ensiksi, missä määrin ja millä tavoin ehtoollisjumalanpalveluksia toteutettiin seurakunnissa keväällä 2020, erityisesti pääsiäisenä. Toiseksi kysymme, millaisin prosessein seurakunnissa päätettiin ehtoollisen viettämisestä tai viettämättä jättämisestä. Kolmanneksi tutkimme, millä tavoin kirkkoherrat (N=141) kokivat pääsiäisajan ehtoollisjumalanpalvelusten viettämisen tai niiden puuttumisen.
Empiirinen tutkimusaineistomme kerättiin sähköisellä kyselylomakkeella. Päätutkimusmenetelmämme on aineistolähtöinen induktiivinen sisällönanalyysi. Laadullisen analyysin tukena käytämme määrällistä tutkimusotetta. Tutkimuksemme teoreettisena selkänojana ovat seurakuntien toiminnan digitalisoitumista sekä yhteyden kokemista, osallisuutta ja läsnäoloa tarkastelevat tutkimukset (esim. Joenperä 2013; Berger 2018).
Tutkimuksemme mukaan kevään 2020 poikkeusoloilla oli merkittävät vaikutukset seurakuntien jumalanpalveluselämään, etenkin ehtoollisen viettämiseen. Yli puolessa seurakuntia ehtoollista ei vietetty lainkaan poikkeusolojen aikana, ei edes pääsiäisenä. Ehtoollista pääsiäisenä viettäneet kirkkoherrat kuvailivat kokemuksiaan varioivasti, kun taas ehtoollista viettämättömät sanoittivat tunteitaan ja kokemuksiaan selvästi homogeenisemmin. Erityisesti kaipauksen ja yhteyden teemat korostuivat. Tutkimukseemme osallistuneiden kirkkoherrojen kokemukset ja tunteet eivät ole ainoastaan yksityisiä ja henkilökohtaisia, vaan niihin linkittyy vahva sosiaalinen ulottuvuus. Useimmat kirkkoherrat tahtoivat kulkea yhteisrintamassa koko seurakunnan kanssa, minkä vuoksi pienelle, rajatulle joukolle tarkoitettuja ehtoollisia ei valtaosin haluttu järjestää. Sen sijaan seurakunnat pyrkivät vahvistamaan seurakunnan yhteyttä esimerkiksi panostamalla jumalanpalvelusten striimaamiseen eli suoratoistoon.
PERSEPSI DAN MOTIVASI DIGITAL NOMAD BERWISATA DI DESA TIBUBENENG, CANGGU, KUTA UTARA
Authors: Mulyana Cipta , Sudana I Putu , Wikanatha Sagita Putu Agus 
Published: January 2021

Bali as an international tourism destination has many tourist attractions, one of which is Canggu. In 2018 nomadlist.com released that Canggu was chosen as the best destination for digital nomads. A new tourist trend has emerged where tourists who work outside the office and complete their work using electronic media such as laptops and internet connections in a coworking space and conduct tourism activities called digital nomads. This research was conducted to determine the Perceptions and Motivations of Digital Nomad travelling in Tibubeneng Village, Canggu village, Badung Regency, Bali. This research was conducted by using questionnaires to digital nomad in several coworking spaces in Tibubeneng Village, Canggu, in addition to distributing questionnaires to the nomads conducted open observation and interviews with several nomads and coworking space staff to complete the data.The results showed that the majority of digital nomads visiting Tibubeneng Village, Canggu were from Australia and Europe, most of whom worked as entrepreneurs. The indicator on the perception that gets the highest score is hospitality from the digital nomad while the indicator that gets the lowest response is the road conditions to Tibubeneng Village, Canggu. On the motivation indicator, physical motivation gets the highest score from a digital nomad while the motivation with the lowest score is showing prestige.
CHILD AGGRESSION IN THE FOCUS OF HYPNOID ANALYSIS
Authors: Завражин Сергей Александрович 
Published: January 2021

Сквозь призму гипноидного анализа проблематизируются первоисточники, эссенциальные особенности и последствия детской агрессии на индивидуальном и социэтальном уровнях. Выявляется значение этого метода для психологии развития и девиантологии.
Through the prism of hypnoid analysis, the primary sources, essential features and consequences of child aggression at the individual and societal levels are problematized. The significance of this method for developmental psychology and deviantology is revealed.
FUNCTIONAL AND DIDACTIC SCHEME DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Сильченко Ален Павлович , Лельчицкий Игорь Давыдович , Щербакова Светлана Юрьевна , Баранова Наталья Александровна 
Published: January 2021

Обоснованы структурные элементы цифровой образовательной среды, охарактеризовано их предназначение посредством демонстрации моделей взаимодействия цифрового инструментария и цифровой образовательной среды на относительно автономных и вместе с тем органично взаимосвязанных содержательно и в своей логической последовательности этапах деятельности учителя: проектирования, реализации, анализа, исследования. Архитектура цифровой образовательной среды представлена как цифровая педагогическая экосистема взаимосвязанных дидактических моделей, функционирующих на авторской цифровой педагогической платформе Allis.school, составляющей ядро цифровой образовательной среды .
The article Substantiates the structural elements of the digital educational environment and describes their purpose by demonstrating models of interaction between digital tools and the digital educational environment at relatively autonomous and at the same time organically interconnected in content and in their logical sequence stages of the teacher's activity: design, implementation, analysis, research. The architecture of the digital educational environment is presented as a digital pedagogical ecosystem of interconnected didactic models operating on the author's digital pedagogical platform.
PRINCIPLES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE LEXICAL MATERIALWHEN USING INTERNET TERMS IN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
Authors: Григорьева Елена Яковлевна , Холдеева Наталья Андреевна 
Published: January 2021

Обосновано использование терминов интернета, связанных с ситуациями реальной коммуникации в процессе обучения иностранному языку в средней школе. Определены принципы организации лексического материала с использованием интернет-терминов при формировании лексической компетенции обучающихся иностранному (английскому) языку. Рассматривается возможность использования словарей тезаурусного типа, составленных на основе интернет-терминологии, для формирования лексических навыков учащихся. Предложены принципы отбора словообразовательного минимума и словообразовательных моделей, предлагается комплекс упражнений по обучению приемам узнавания и понимания сложных и производных слов в области интернета. Задачей обучения английскому языку с использованием отобранного лексического материала является усвоение учащимися связи семантических отношений лексических единиц в общеразговорном языке и их значений в специфической предметной области интернет-технологий. В статье приведены примеры лексических единиц - терминов интернет-лексики, которые обучающиеся используют в реальной коммуникации в разных контекстах.
The article substantiates the use of Internet terms associated with situations of real communication in the process of teaching a foreign language in secondary school. The principles of organizing lexical material using Internet terms in the formation of the lexical competence of students in a foreign (English) language have been determined. The possibility of using dictionaries of the thesaurus type compiled on the basis of Internet terminology for the formation of lexical skills of students is considered. The article proposes the principles of selection of the word-formation minimum and word-formation models, a set of exercises for teaching the techniques of recognition and understanding of complex and derivative words in the field of the Internet. The task of teaching English using the selected lexical material is the assimilation by students of the connection between the semantic relations of lexical units in the general spoken language and their meanings in a specific subject area of Internet technologies. The article provides examples of lexical units - Internet vocabulary terms that students use in real communication in different contexts
ANALISIS REFLEKSI DAN TRANSMISI GELOMBANG PADA PEMECAH GELOMBANG TIANG PANCANG
Authors: Achiari Hendra , Ahmad Ayu Libiaty , Sulaiman Dede M 
Published: January 2021

Pantai berlumpur rentan terhadap kerusakan akibat gelombang, sehingga diperlukan perlindungan pantai yang salah satunya menggunakan pemecah gelombang tipe permeable. Tipe permeable yang dikembangkan ini disebut sebagai Pemecah Gelombang Tiang Pancang. Bahan yang digunakan untuk memodelkan struktur tersebut (prototipe) di laboratorium adalah bambu bulat bersekat yaitu bambu bulat dari taman Pringgodani dengan diameter 1 cm, tinggi 20 cm dengan sekat kayu multiblok setebal 2 cm. Analisis refleksi dan transmisi terhadap hasil pengujian model fisik 2D terhadap pemecah gelombang diperlukan untuk mencapai optimasi dalam penggunaannya. Hasil pengujian laboratorium membuktikan bahwa Pemecah Gelombang ini cukup efektif pada skenario yang memiliki nilai Kt yang lebih kecil dan nilai Kr yang lebih besar. Pada percobaan ini pengujian dilakukan dengan skenario tinggi muka air pada Mean Sea Level (MSL) (44 cm) dan High Water Level (HWL) (50 cm) dengan 2 skenario spasi antar tiang yaitu 1 cm dan 2 cm pada masing-masing tinggi muka air. Kemudian hasil perhitungan Kt dan Kr dibandingkan dengan variabel non-dimensional kecuraman gelombang (Hi/gT2) dan kemiringan gelombang (Hi/L) . Hasil percobaan laboratorium menunjukkan bahwa nilai Kt lebih rendah pada saat kondisi MSL, dan nilai Kr lebih tinggi pada saat kondisi MSL hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Pemecah Gelombang Bambu Bulat Bersekat ini lebih efektif pada muka air rendah dari pada muka air tinggi.
Aprendizagem, comunicação e tradução intersemiótica: um estudo sobre "As trigêmeas"
Authors: Costa Braga da Silva Maria Cecília , Clay de Oliveira Freitas Ítala 
Published: January 2021

Este artigo apresenta estudo teórico resultante de pesquisas bibliográficas desenvolvidas durante o Pibic 2017/2018 em Comunicação e posteriores estudos na área de Educação durante a pós-graduação. Propõe-se a tradução intersemiótica (Plaza, 2003) como estratégia de comunicação (Sodré, 2011) não só em sentido midiático, mas também em ambientes de aprendizagem. O corpus é o episódio “As Trigêmeas e A Volta ao Mundo em 80 Dias”, do desenho animado infantil As Trigêmeas (1995). Assim, foi criada a seguinte categorização das traduções intersemióticas no episódio em questão: traduções espaço-temporais; traduções de personagens e tecnologias; e, por fim, traduções de outras obras. Em seguida, os elementos narrativos observados foram articulados aos seguintes conceitos: tipos de tradução intersemiótica (Plaza, 2003); curiosidade epistemológica e consciência do inacabamento (Freire, 2017); aprendizagem significativa (Moreira, 1997); e consolidação da memória declarativa (Cosenza e Guerra, 2011). Conclui-se que a tradução intersemiótica tende a ser uma estratégia eficaz quanto à construção de conhecimentos e manutenção da memória ao longo da vida, contribuindo não só para o desenvolvimento cognitivo individual, mas também para a continuidade de obras através dos tempos.
Palavras-chave: Tradução Intersemiótica; Comunicação; Aprendizagem.