bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Technology Potential of a Metal‐based Latent Heat Storage for Backup Process Steam Supply
Authors: Heim Silas , Komogowski Lars 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAn analysis of technology potential of a metal‐based high temperature latent heat storage for the application of process steam backup for industrial parks in Germany was carried out. To investigate the integration of the storage into a process steam network, dynamic process simulations were performed. Furthermore, the analysis includes ecological and economical calculations for various fuel types of industrial power plants, plant sizes and auxiliary fuels. Basis of all calculations is an extensive research conducted on the industrial parks in Germany with a dedicated power plant and process steam utilization.
Design of Polymers for Intracellular Protein and Peptide Delivery
Authors: Cheng Yiyun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCytosolic protein delivery techniques are of great importance for cell biology, biotechnology and protein drug development. The design of carriers with robust efficiency in cytosolic protein delivery is challenging. This account provides a progress report of polymeric carriers for this purpose in our group. During the past years, we have developed several types of functionalized polymers for cytosolic protein and peptide delivery by engineering polymers with ligands such as guanidinium, boronate, coordination ligands and fluoroalkyls. The designed polymers showed improved protein/peptide binding affinities, and successfully delivered various cargo proteins into the cytosol of living cells, while maintaining their bioactivity. In addition, the polymers showed potent efficiencies in the delivery of tumor antigens, therapeutic peptides, toxins and antioxidant proteins in vivo. We hope these polymers could be translated for protein delivery in the treatment of various diseases in the future.
What is the most favorite and original chemistry developed in your research group?Fluorinated polymers for cytosolic biomolecule delivery.How do you get into this specific field? Could you please share some experiences with our readers?I get into this field by unexpected discoveries when designing polymeric gene delivery systems. Usually, modification of polymers with hydrophobic ligands yields more efficient gene carriers. Fluoroalkyl ligands wereproposed as one type of hydrophobic candidates in our experiments. Interestingly, the fluorous ligand modified polymers showed unprecedented efficiency in gene delivery. More importantly, the polymers exhibited excellent serum resistance and could achieve high efficiency at extremely low polymer dose. These unexpected discoveries motivated us to investigate the fluorine effect of fluorinated materials in gene, protein and peptide delivery.
Factor analysis of the eating disorder examination in a sample of female adolescents and adults with eating disorders
Authors: Kjeldbjerg Marie L. , Clausen Loa , Højgaard David R. M. A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjectiveStudies of the construct validity of the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) show mixed results and none have included samples of adults with a sole diagnosis of either anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Thus, we examine the EDE's construct validity in a Danish clinical sample of adolescents and adults with eating disorders.MethodConfirmatory factor analyses of the four‐factor model indicated by the original four subscales and subsequent ad hoc exploratory factor analyses were performed in a sample of patients with eating disorders (N = 1,586) divided into five subsamples based on age and diagnosis: (a) adolescents with anorexia nervosa, (b) women with anorexia nervosa, (c) women with bulimia nervosa, and women with atypical versions of (d) anorexia nervosa, and (e) bulimia nervosa.ResultsThe four‐factor model was not confirmed in these five subsamples. Subsequent exploratory factor analyses did not reveal a single model fit for all five groups. Rather, eating‐disorder symptoms can be understood through a one‐, two‐, or three‐factor model depending on the subsample.DiscussionThe four‐factor model indicated by the original EDE subscales cannot be supported. The four subscales should be used with great care, if used at all, in trying to understand specific symptoms of eating disorders.
Zoobenthos community turnover in a 1650‐yr lake‐sediment record of climate‐driven hydrological change
Authors: Van der Meeren Thijs , Verschuren Dirk 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn fluctuating lake ecosystems, the severity of anthropogenic disturbance is often difficult to assess because the magnitude of natural dynamics rivals or surpasses that of ecosystem alteration due to human impact. Consequently, it is also difficult to evaluate the resilience of these ecosystems' plant and animal communities to that impact. Unfortunately, lake ecosystem response to natural cycles of lake‐level and salinity fluctuation at multi‐annual time scales is poorly understood, due to complex relationships between hydrological dynamics and the local availability or distribution of ecological niches. We present a 1650‐yr‐long paleoecological record from Lake Naivasha in Kenya (East Africa) which traces community assembly and turnover in two prominent groups of benthic invertebrates (chironomids and ostracods) in response to a climate‐driven sequence of 10 major lake‐level fluctuations. Over this time period, lake depth (inferred from sedimentology) fluctuated between ~3 and >35 m, and salinity (inferred from fossil diatom assemblages) varied between ~100 and ~23,500 µS/cm. Prior to ~780 yr ago, the unique community response to salinity was stronger than to lake depth. Around that time the lake transitioned to a more open hydrology, relatively stable freshwater conditions and greater prevalence of macrophyte‐associated benthic habitat, so that community response to variations in lake depth (and surface area) became stronger. Notably, major community restructuring in the course of this transition was not synchronous between the two groups, because it depended on the proliferation of key freshwater species in each group. Our results imply that (1) climate‐sensitive lake ecosystems are more likely controlled by salinity change if both its amplitude and frequency are large enough to induce ecological species sorting; (2) community response to such salinity changes may be predictable, and likely to show coherence across different groups of aquatic biota; and (3) the timing of major community restructuring strongly depends on the ecology of key species, and whether the species sorting is driven by salinity change itself or indirectly by the salinity‐dependent availability of ecological niches.
Post‐landslide soil and vegetation recovery in a dry, montane system is slow and patchy
Authors: Buma Brian , Pawlik Łukasz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLandslides are common disturbances in forests around the world, and a major threat to human life and property. Landslides are likely to become more common in many areas as storms intensify. Forest vegetation can improve hillslope stability via long, deep rooting across and through failure planes. In the U.S. Rocky Mountains, landslides are infrequent but widespread when they do occur. They are also extremely understudied, with little known about the basic vegetation recovery processes and rates of establishment which restabilize hills. This study presents the first evaluation of post‐landslide vegetation recovery on forested landslides in the southern Rocky Mountains. Six years after a major landslide event, the surveyed sites have very little regeneration in initiation zones, even when controlling for soil coverage. Soils are shallower and less nitrogen rich in initiation zones as well. Rooting depth was similar between functional groups regardless of position on the slide, but deep‐rooting trees are much less common in initiation zones. A lack of post‐disturbance tree regeneration in these lower elevation, warm/dry settings, common across a variety of disturbance types, suggests that complete tree restabilization of these hillslopes is likely to be a slow or non‐existent, especially as the climate warms. Replacement by grasses would protect against shallow instabilities but not the deeper mass movement events which threaten life and property.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Covalent Porphyrin‐Cobalt Diimine‐Dioxime Dyad for Photoelectrochemical H2 Evolution
Authors: Charisiadis Asterios , Giannoudis Emmanouil , Pournara Zoi , Kosma Aimilia , Nikolaou Vasilis , Charalambidis Georgios , Artero Vincent , Chavarot‐Kerlidou Murielle , Coutsolelos Athanassios G. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe utilization of solar energy via photoelectrochemical cells (PEC) towards hydrogen (H2) production is a promising approach in the field of artificial photosynthesis. In this work, the synthesis and complete characterization of the first covalently linked porphyrin‐cobalt diimine‐dioxime dyad (ZnP‐Co) is reported. The synthetic procedure that was followed is based on simple and high yielding reactions, without using any noble metal. Photophysical investigation of the dyad revealed sufficient electronic communication between the sensitizer and the catalyst in the excited state. Finally, NiO films were sensitized with ZnP‐Co and the H2‐evolving photoelectrochemical activity of the resulting photocathode was assessed. The modest performances could be rationalized thanks to photolysis and post‐operando characterizations of the system, thus providing some guidelines toward the design of more efficient porphyrin‐based assemblies.
A Review on Extraction Techniques and Its Future Applications in Industry
Authors: Geow Chin Hong , Tan Mei Ching , Yeap Swee Pin , Chin Nyuk Ling 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExtraction is a mandatory process for most of the industries, especially in the food processing industry to obtain the targeted compounds from various sources such as plant or seed samples. This review paper provides information about various extraction techniques that are normally used in the edible oil extraction industry. Five extraction techniques are presented in this paper. Among all the techniques presented in this paper, pressing and solvent extraction methods are considered as traditional techniques while supercritical fluid extraction, microwave assisted extraction, and ultrasound assisted extractions are considered as advanced techniques. Both advantages and disadvantages of supercritical fluid extraction, microwave assisted and ultrasound assisted extractions are discussed. Furthermore, the parameters that would affect the output of each technique are included in each section. Nowadays, research is going on to further enhance the extraction method to obtain a higher extraction yield or increase the quality of the extraction product. The enhancement can be either combining two or more extraction techniques into one complete process or modifying the available technique alone. Therefore, the theoretical knowledge provided in this review will be useful for future researchers who are interested in enhancing the extraction techniques.Practical Applications: Extraction is a mandatory process in edible oil extraction industry. Extraction industry is always looking for a process which is high efficiency and low extraction cost. Therefore, various advanced techniques or treatments are applied to optimize the oil yield and shorten the extraction time. This paper provides a review on various techniques by summarizing both advantages and disadvantages of each technique. The information can be very useful for improving the current extraction technique to further optimize the oil yield or enhance the quality of oil.
Elaboration of Lutein‐Loaded Nanoliposomes Using Supercritical CO2
Authors: Martino Mathieu , Mouahid Adil , Trucillo Paolo , Badens Elisabeth 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA batch process for producing lutein‐loaded liposomes using supercritical CO2 is studied. The effects of the variation of pressure (10 and 15 MPa), temperature (308, 313, and 318 K), and lutein to lipid ratio (0.5 and 1 wt%) on the liposome average size and size distribution are investigated, as well as on the encapsulation efficiency (EE) of lutein. This process is worked in a repeatable manner and is allowed the production of nanoliposomes with mean diameters (MDs) ranging from 65 ± 33 to 77 ± 40 nm, obtaining lutein EEs ranging from 82.1 ± 3.7% to 91.9 ± 2.9%. Temperature, pressure, and lutein to lipid ratio seem to have no impact on size, size distribution, and EE on formed liposomes. The use of low temperatures and low pressures allows the obtainment of liposomes with diameters less than 100 nm and limits the process energy cost. Moreover, the supercritical CO2‐assisted batch process effectively encapsulates lutein into liposome, an antioxidant molecule used for the prevention of retinal damage. Liposomes formed by this supercritical process have the desired characteristics for human target delivery.Practical applications: This work on the optimization of a process for developing liposomes in a supercritical environment has applications in medicine. Indeed, the liposomes formed with this process are nanoliposomes with a size of less than 80 nm. In addition, excellent lutein EEs (hydrophobic molecules) show that the liposomes formed constitute excellent coating matrices for the protection of active ingredients. These reasons make these liposome matrices applicable in nanomedicine (injection of sensitive drugs requiring protection before injection). The elaboration process also makes it possible to form liposomes with desired properties by changing pressure, temperature, or lecithin concentration. Therefore, this work focuses on the properties of liposomes as a function of the operating conditions.
Candlenut oil: review on oil properties and future liquid biofuel prospects
Authors: Shaah Marwan Abdulhakim , Allafi Faisal , Hossain Md Sohrab , Alsaedi Alyaa , Ismail Norli , Kadir Mohd Omar Ab , Ahmad Mardiana Idayu 
Published: January 2021

SummaryThe rapid depletion of diesel fuel, increasing energy demand, and environmental pollution concerns are increasing worldwide interest in the production of liquid biofuels. Biofuel (bio‐aviation and biodiesel) is a potential and plausible alternative to diesel fuel to substantially mitigate the environmental impact of future energy demand. Non‐edible crop oil is viewed as a potential feedstock for liquid biofuel production owing to the massive demand for edible oil as a food source. However, the major limitation of utilizing non‐edible crop oil for biodiesel production is the cost due to the high price of feedstocks and the limited supply of large‐scale biodiesel production. Candlenut trees can grow in harsh and arid climates due to low moisture requirements. Therefore, candlenut can be cultivated in the most unused lands, particularly in developing countries along coasts and riverbanks and in deserts and other wastelands unsuitable for edible crops. Additionally, candlenut seed contains a high amount of oil (30%‐60%). Thus, candlenut oil is a promising source for commercial biodiesel production. The present study was conducted to review the possibilities and challenges of utilizing candlenut as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Additionally, several important aspects related to candlenut oil processing, such as extraction technology, physicochemical properties, biodiesel production technologies, and advantages and limitations of candlenut biodiesel production are discussed.
Model for sustainable development based on system dynamics and energy–economy–environment coordination: A case study of Beijing, China
Authors: Wu Hongliang , Peng Daoxin , Wang Ling 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn developing countries, the contradiction between environmental protection and economic development has become increasingly serious. The current research focuses on: how to coordinate the relationship between economic development and environmental protection. This study considers energy consumption and environmental emission reduction as the research object. An energy–economy–environment simulation system was developed using Vensim as a modeling platform to clarify the relationship between energy consumption, economic development, and environmental pollution. Based on the data gleaned from Beijing's energy system, the availability of the simulation model is verified through historical inspection and operational tests. Finally, based on the energy–economy–environment simulation system, different development scenarios have been set up to analyze the development trends of energy consumption, economic development, and environmental emission reduction under different scenarios. The results show that the development prospects under the coordinated development scenario are the most reasonable and effective, taking into account the coordinated development of all the three aspects, especially in terms of carbon emission reduction.
Grounding the 2018 AEA Evaluator Competencies in the Broader Context of Professionalization
Authors: Ayoo Sandra , Wilcox Yuanjing , LaVelle John M. , Podems Donna , Barrington Gail Vallance 
Published: January 2021

AbstractProfessionalization has become a major focus of discussion in the evaluation community, and the process of professionalizing the field of evaluation has provoked strong reactions, both positive and negative, from scholars and practitioners alike. The purpose of this chapter is not to take a stand on the merit or worth of the arguments that proponents and detractors routinely make, but to situate the newly approved 2018 AEA Evaluator Competencies within the larger framework of professionalization. This chapter first presents a broad overview of the steps involved in professionalizing any field, then uses it to describe the history of professionalization and competencies development within AEA. Looking broadly, it concludes with a summary of current professionalizing activities around the world.
A nonnegative and shape‐preserving global transport model on cubed sphere using high‐order conservative collocation scheme
Authors: Huang Pei , Chen Chungang , Li Xingliang , Shen Xueshun , Xiao Feng 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA numerical model for global tracer transport is implemented by using Gauss–Legendre‐point conservative collocation (GLPCC) scheme on cubed sphere. Three‐point GLPCC scheme can achieve fifth‐order accuracy in the spherical geometry. To remove the spurious oscillations in the regions with strong gradients or discontinuities, the hierarchical reconstruction (HR) is applied to the “troubled cells” identified by a smoothness indicator based on the WENO concept. To assure the positivity‐preserving property, a flux correction operation is adopted to impose the restriction on the mass reduction due to the fluxes leaving the cell edges. The proposed numerical scheme aims to remove the nonphysical oscillations while preserving the accuracy in the smooth regions and maintain the compact spatial stencil as far as possible by making full use of degrees of freedom. The proposed schemes are evaluated by simulating the widely used benchmark tests for advection equation in one dimension and multidimensions of spherical geometry. Numerical results show that the fifth‐order accuracy is well preserved for smooth problems, while numerical oscillations can be effectively removed and the nonnegativity of the solutions is strictly guaranteed. It is very promising to develop the practical numerical model for tracer transport computation in atmospheric general circulation models using the proposed numerical framework.
Outpatient prescribing trends, rational use of medicine and impact of prescription audit with feedback at a tertiary care centre in India
Authors: Atal Shubham , Jhaj Ratinder , Mathur Akanksha , Rai Niket , Misra Saurav , Sadasivam Balakrishnan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundRational use of medicines (RUM) is highly desired worldwide yet many shortcomings are found. This study aims to evaluate prescription pattern and RUM using World Health Organisation (WHO) prescribing indicators. The impact of audit and feedback has also been studied, along with comparison with published data.MethodsA cross‐sectional observational study was conducted in the outpatient department setting of a tertiary care centre in central India. Data were collected from 2719 prescriptions across different departments from hospital pharmacies from 2016 to 2018 at different time periods. The data was analysed using WHO core prescribing indicators.ResultsAverage number of drugs per prescription was found to be 2.53 ± 1.23 (WHO optimal value ≤ 2). The mean values of prescribing indicators for antibiotics (19.82% vs. ≤ 30%) and injection prescribing (1.98% vs. ≤10%) were within optimal values. Generic prescribing (15.96% vs. 100%) and prescribing from National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM; 37.37% vs. 100%) were found to be significantly lesser. Annual audit and feedback showed improvement in generic prescribing and prescribing from NLEM, but the other trends continued to be similar.ConclusionWhile use of antibiotics and injections among outpatients was found to be rational, there is scope of improvement in most domains that can be addressed with appropriate interventions.
How to get cows to enter the parlour more efficiently
Authors: Ohnstad Ian 
Published: January 2021

Background: Entry and exit of cows into the milking parlour are two elements of the milking routine that account for a significant amount of time. Therefore, it is essential that these are optimised as far as possible to make the process as efficient and streamlined as it can be.Aim of the article: This article guides practitioners on how they can help farmers to improve efficiency with regards to cows entering the milking parlour.
Latin squares from multiplication tables
Authors: Dębski Michał , Grytczuk Jarosław 
Published: January 2021

AbstractConsider the usual multiplication table in which all entries strictly greater than were deleted. Can we fill in the empty places so that the resulting table will become a multiplication table of a group? This intriguing question arose in connection to the famous Graham's Greatest Common Divisor Problem. We prove here a weaker statement, namely, that one may always complete such a partial multiplication table to a Latin square. Our result is more general, as it guarantees the possibility of completion of any partial Latin square, provided that the shape of the empty part satisfies certain conditions. We also point on connections of our result to a far‐reaching extension of Graham's problem involving graphs and homogeneous arithmetic progressions.