bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of key molecular biomarkers involved in reactive and neurodegenerative processes present in inherited congenital hydrocephalus
Authors: Ojeda-Pérez Betsaida , Campos-Sandoval José A. , García-Bonilla María , Cárdenas-García Casimiro , Páez-González Patricia , Jiménez Antonio J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Periventricular extracellular oedema, myelin damage, inflammation, and glial reactions are common neuropathological events that occur in the brain in congenital hydrocephalus. The periventricular white matter is the most affected region. The present study aimed to identify altered molecular and cellular biomarkers in the neocortex that can function as potential therapeutic targets to both treat and evaluate recovery from these neurodegenerative conditions. The hyh mouse model of hereditary hydrocephalus was used for this purpose.

Methods
The hyh mouse model of hereditary hydrocephalus (hydrocephalus with hop gait) and control littermates without hydrocephalus were used in the present work. In tissue sections, the ionic content was investigated using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy scanning electron microscopy (EDS-SEM). For the lipid analysis, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was performed in frozen sections. The expression of proteins in the cerebral white matter was analysed by mass spectrometry. The oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) were studied with immunofluorescence in cerebral sections and whole-mount preparations of the ventricle walls.

Results
High sodium and chloride concentrations were found indicating oedema conditions in both the periventricular white matter and extending towards the grey matter. Lipid analysis revealed lower levels of two phosphatidylinositol molecular species in the grey matter, indicating that neural functions were altered in the hydrocephalic mice. In addition, the expression of proteins in the cerebral white matter revealed evident deregulation of the processes of oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Because of the changes in oligodendrocyte differentiation in the white matter, OPCs were also studied. In hydrocephalic mice, OPCs were found to be reactive, overexpressing the NG2 antigen but not giving rise to an increase in mature oligodendrocytes. The higher levels of the NG2 antigen, diacylglycerophosphoserine and possibly transthyretin in the cerebrum of hydrocephalic hyh mice could indicate cell reactions that may have been triggered by inflammation, neurocytotoxic conditions, and ischaemia.

Conclusion
Our results identify possible biomarkers of hydrocephalus in the cerebral grey and white matter. In the white matter, OPCs could be reacting to acquire a neuroprotective role or as a delay in the oligodendrocyte maturation.
The combination of UHPLC-HRMS and molecular networking improving discovery efficiency of chemical components in Chinese Classical Formula
Authors: Xue Xiaoxia , Jiao Qishu , Jin Runa , Wang Xueyuan , Li Pengyue , Shi Shougang , Huang Zhengjun , Dai Yuntao , Chen Shilin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
It is essential to identify the chemical components for the quality control methods establishment of Chinese Classical Formula (CCF). However, CCF are complex mixture of several herbal medicines with huge number of different compounds and they are not equal to the combination of chemical components from each herb due to particular formula ratio and preparation techniques. Therefore, it is time-consuming to identify compounds in a CCF by analyzing the LC–MS/MS data one by one, especially for unknown components.

Methods
An ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-linear ion trap-orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS/MS) approach was developed to comprehensively profile and characterize multi-components in CCF with Erdong decoction composed of eight herbal medicines as an example. Then the MS data of Erdong decoction was analyzed by MS/MS-based molecular networking and these compounds with similar structures were connected to each other into a cluster in the network map. Then the unknown compounds connected to known compounds in a cluster of the network map were identified due to their similar structures.

Results
Based on the clusters of the molecular networking, 113 compounds were rapidly tentative identification from Erdong decoction for the first time in the negative mode, which including steroidal saponins, triterpenoid saponins, flavonoid O-glycosides and flavonoid C-glycosides. In addition, 10 alkaloids were tentatively identified in the positive mode from Nelumbinis folium by comparison with literatures.

Conclusion
MS/MS-based molecular networking technique is very useful for the rapid identification of components in CCF. In Erdong decoction, this method was very suitable for the identification of major steroidal saponins, triterpenoid saponins, and flavonoid C-glycosides.
Bio-inspired silver selenide nano-chalcogens using aqueous extract of Melilotus officinalis with biological activities
Authors: Mirzaei Seyedeh Zahra , Lashgarian Hamed Esmaeil , Karkhane Maryam , Shahzamani Kiana , Alhameedawi Alaa Kamil , Marzban Abdolrazagh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractFor the first time, an aqueous extract of Melilotus officinalis was used to synthesize bimetallic silver selenide chalcogenide nanostructures (Ag2Se-NCs). The formation of NCs was confirmed and characterized by UV–visible and FTIR spectroscopy, SEM and TEM imaging, XRD and EDX crystallography, zeta potential (ZP) and size distribution (DLS). The bioactivities of biosynthesized Ag2Se-NCs, such as antibacterial, antibiofilm, antioxidant and cytotoxicity potentials, were then examined. Bio-based Ag2Se-NCs were successfully synthesized with mostly spherical shape in the size range of 20–40 nm. Additionally, the MIC and MBC values of Ag2Se-NCs against β-lactam-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) were 3.12 and 50 µg/ml, respectively. The DPPH scavenging potential of Ag2Se-NCs in terms of IC50 was estimated to be 58.52. Green-synthesized Ag2Se-NCs have been shown to have promising benefits and could be used for biomedical applications. Although the findings indicate promising bioactivity of Ag2Se-NCs synthesized by M. officinalis extract (MO), more studies are required to clarify the comprehensive mechanistic biological activities.
C:N:P stoichiometry as an indicator of Histosol drainage in lowland and mountain forest ecosystems
Authors: Lasota Jarosław , Błońska Ewa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background
Peatlands form one of the largest carbon pools in the terrestrial ecosystems, representing approximately one-third of the world’s soil carbon. The aim of this study was to evaluate C:N:P stoichiometry as an indicator of changes initialized by dehydration in Histosols of varied origins. Four types of Histosols from lowland and mountain areas were investigated: fibric Histosols, hemic Histosols, sapric Histosols and Histosols drainic.

Results
We established the concentration and stoichiometry of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous in the Histosols, and found marked differences in C:N:P stoichiometry between the different types – especially the dehydrated samples. The mean C:N:P ratio of dehydrated soil was narrower than the C:N:P ratio of soil under the influence of water, which demonstrates that dehydrating Histosols leads to a narrower C:N:P stoichiometry. This is directly related to the intensification of the organic matter mineralisation process and the resulting loss of organic carbon. We recorded a 50 % lower carbon stock in the case of Histosols drainic compared to the other types of Histosols.

Conclusions
The narrower C:N:P stoichiometry in Histosols drainic is the result of an decrease in the ratio of N and P to the C content. Thus, this study demonstrates that C:N:P stoichiometry is a useful indicator of the changes that occur in Histosols as a result of dehydration.
Development and validation of the Maudsley Modified Patient Health Questionnaire (MM-PHQ-9)
Authors: Harrison Phillippa , Walton Syndi , Fennema Diede , Duan Suqian , Jaeckle Tanja , Goldsmith Kimberley , Carr Ewan , Ashworth Mark , Young Allan. H. , Zahn Roland 
Published: July 2021

Background
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a widely used measure of depression in primary care. It was, however, originally designed as a diagnostic screening tool, and not for measuring change in response to antidepressant treatment. Although the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomology (QIDS-SR-16) has been extensively validated for outcome measurement, it is poorly adopted in UK primary care, and, although free for clinicians, has licensing restrictions for healthcare organisation use.

Aims
We aimed to develop a modified version of the PHQ-9, the Maudsley Modified PHQ-9 (MM-PHQ-9), for tracking symptom changes in primary care. We tested the measure's validity, reliability and factor structure.

Method
A sample of 121 participants was recruited across three studies, and comprised 78 participants with major depressive disorder and 43 controls. MM-PHQ-9 scores were compared with the QIDS-SR-16 and Clinical Global Impressions improvement scale, for concurrent validity. Internal consistency of the scale was assessed, and principal component analysis was conducted to determine the items’ factor structure.

Results
The MM-PHQ-9 demonstrated good concurrent validity with the QIDS-SR-16, and excellent internal consistency. Sensitivity to change over a 14-week period was d = 0.41 compared with d = 0.61 on the QIDS-SR-16. Concurrent validity between the paper and mobile app versions of the MM-PHQ-9 was r = 0.67.

Conclusions
These results indicate that the MM-PHQ-9 is a valid and reliable measure of depressive symptoms in paper and mobile app format, although further validation is required. The measure was sensitive to change, demonstrating suitability for use in routine outcome assessment.
Can we find the missing men in clinics? Clinic attendance by sex and HIV status in rural South Africa
Authors: Randera-Rees Safiyya , Clarence Safari Wende , Gareta Dickman , Herbst Kobus , Baisley Kathy , Grant Alison D. 
Published: July 2021

Background: HIV-negative men are over-represented in tuberculosis (TB) prevalence surveys including the first South African national TB prevalence survey in 2018. Traditionally, TB screening is focused in clinics. We aimed to determine the frequency of primary healthcare clinic (PHC) attendance among HIV-negative men in a TB-prevalent setting. Methods: Since January 2017, PHC attendees in a rural South African demographic surveillance area (DSA) were asked their reason for attendance. HIV status was defined as positive if tested positive in a DSA sero-survey or attended clinic for HIV care; negative if tested negative between January 2014—December 2017 and no HIV-related visits; and HIV-unknown otherwise. Results: Among 67124 DSA residents (≥15 years), 27038 (40.3%) were men; 14196 (21.2%) were classified HIV-positive, 18892 (28.1%) HIV-negative and 34036 (50.7%) HIV-unknown. Between April 2017 and March 2018, 24382/67124 (36.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 36.0–36.7) adults made ≥1 PHC visit, comprising 9805/40086 (24.5%, 95%CI 23.6–25.3) of HIV-negative or unknown women and 3440/27038 (12.7%, 95%CI 11.6–13.8) of HIV-negative or unknown men. Overall, HIV care accounted for 37556/88109 (42.6%) of adult PHC visits. Conclusion: In this rural population, HIV-negative and -unknown men rarely attend PHCs. Improving TB screening in clinics may not reach a key population with respect to undiagnosed TB. Additional strategies are needed to diagnose and treat TB earlier.
Facilitators and	barriers to competence development among students and newly qualified nurses, midwives and medical doctors: a global perspective
Authors: Goshomi Unice , Bedwell Carol , Mudokwenyu-Rawdon Christina , Campbell Malcolm , Lavender Dame Tina 
Published: July 2021

Background The availability of a skilled health professional (nurse, midwife or doctor) who has been trained and is fit for practice to provide maternity care is fundamental in scaling down and ending preventable maternal and child deaths. Knowing the determinants of the development of ideal skills for effective practice ensures that women and their babies receive quality maternity care services from skilled birth attendants who are fit for practice. This study aimed to find and build on the existing evidence addressing aspects linked to competence and confidence development during training among students, newly qualified nurses, doctors and midwives from a global perspective. Methods A literature review was undertaken, using the ‘SPIDER’ search strategy to identify relevant papers from multiple databases. Studies were included if they were written in English and related to midwives, nurses and medical doctors when they were students, newly qualified professionals or after they had been working for 3-4 months. Opinion or non-empirical papers, editorials, conference papers and empirical articles with abstracts were excluded. Search words were used to identify papers that examined competence and confidence development while training these health professionals. A total of 2281 papers were identified, from countries in Europe, Australia, Asia, America and Africa. Overall, 62 papers were analysed. Results One core category, ‘learning environment’, emerged, with two overarching subcategories, ‘internal environment’ and ‘external environment’ when examining facilitators and barriers to competence and confidence development. Conclusions Facilitators and barriers to competence and confidence development are centred on the learning and practice environment. These are difficult to separate, as they are driven by either the student's or the newly qualified professional's experience with the learning and practice environment. This highlights the need for diversity and open mindedness among mentors and administrators in manipulating the environment to the benefit of either the student or the newly qualified professional so that mothers and their babies receive quality care.
Adherence to antenatal care among rural pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Abazie Ogechi Helen , Okanlawon Funmilayo A , Ndikom Chizoma M 
Published: July 2021

Background The benefits of early and frequent antenatal care visits include early prevention, detection, treatment of potential pregnancy complications and the reduction of maternal mortality related to these complications. Despite these benefits being explained to them, the majority of pregnant women in developing countries, including Nigeria, do not adhere to antenatal care, as they do not attend the recommended number of antenatal care appointments. Previous research has shown that urban women (84%) are more likely than rural women (56%) to receive antenatal care from a skilled provider. This study examined adherence to antenatal care among rural pregnant women in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study using multistage sampling to select 600 pregnant women from rural areas of Lagos. A self-structured questionnaire was used to collect participants' sociodemographic data, knowledge of antenatal care, and adherence to antenatal care. Data were analysed and presented using descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi-square tests were used to assess the association between adherence to antenatal care and knowledge about antenatal care, and logistic regression was used to test the association between participants' characteristics and adherence to antenatal care, with P<0.05 being considered significant. Results Participants were between 15 and 49 years old and 96.2% were married. The majority of participants had poor knowledge of antenatal care (57.1%), and low adherence to antenatal care (71.7%). However, 73.9% had the overall perception that there were benefits to attending antenatal care. No significant relationship was found between participants' knowledge of and adherence to antenatal care (P=0.32). Occupation was significantly associated with adherence to antenatal care (P=0.03). The majority (54.4%) indicated that perceived barriers are the major cause of non-adherence to antenatal care. Conclusions Addressing perceived barriers to antenatal care attendance should increase adherence to antenatal care, especially in rural areas of Lagos.
Composite achromatic quartz wave plate with adjustable retardation and temperature insensitivity
Authors: Ou Mingyu , Liu Yan , Tang Jiale , Deng Rui , Guo Pan , Lan Lanling 
Published: July 2021

In order to obtain a composite achromatic wave plate with adjustable retardation, temperature insensitivity, and achromatic bandwidth of 500 nm, a five-element composite achromatic quartz wave plate is designed based on particle swarm optimization. The total phase retardation can be adjusted by rotating the azimuth angle of the central wave plate. The results show that the total phase retardation is adjustable with the range of 90°–180° when the range of temperature and the achromatic wavelength is

−

20
−
80

∘

C

and 750–1250 nm, respectively. The absolute value of the relative deviation of the maximum phase retardation is less than 3.6%, which meets the design requirements of the wave plate. The temperature insensitivity of the five-element wave plate is better than the three- and four-element wave plates. This method is of great reference value for designing this kind of composite achromatic wave plate.
Highly sensitive surface-plasmon-resonance- based fiber optic breast cancer detection by shining a Bessel–Gauss beam: a wave-theory-based approach
Authors: Saha Bijaya , Goswami Nabamita , Saha Ardhendu 
Published: July 2021

With experimental validation, an analytical exploration of a surface-plasmon-resonance- and evanescent-wave-based fiber optic biosensor, using Bessel–Gauss beams for early detection of breast cancer, is proposed and designed here. The observed sensitivity is 0.58 nm/ng/mL and 11,928.25 dB/RIU with a resolution of

8.38

×

10

−
7

, which is 10 times better than the reported ray-theory-based articles reported to date using a Gaussian beam. To analyze more effectively the higher-order modes and to achieve more similarity between the analytical and experimental solutions, the wave-theory-based approach is adopted here. With this approach, for the first time to our knowledge using a Bessel–Gauss beam, higher sensitivity is achieved for fiber optic breast cancer detection. The enhanced sensitivity at lower concentrations of the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 biomarker has conceptualized the idea of early detection of breast cancer by optically quantifying the earlier stage of cancer.
Safety and data quality of EEG recorded simultaneously with multi-band fMRI
Authors: Egan Maximillian K. , Larsen Ryan , Wirsich Jonathan , Sutton Brad P. , Sadaghiani Sepideh 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
Simultaneously recorded electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) is highly informative yet technically challenging. Until recently, there has been little information about EEG data quality and safety when used with newer multi-band (MB) fMRI sequences. Here, we measure the relative heating of a MB protocol compared with a standard single-band (SB) protocol considered to be safe. We also evaluated EEG quality recorded concurrently with the MB protocol on humans.

Materials and methods
We compared radiofrequency (RF)-related heating at multiple electrodes and magnetic field magnitude, B1+RMS, of a MB fMRI sequence with whole-brain coverage (TR = 440 ms, MB factor = 4) against a previously recommended, safe SB sequence using a phantom outfitted with a 64-channel EEG cap. Next, 9 human subjects underwent eyes-closed resting state EEG-fMRI using the MB sequence. Additionally, in three of the subjects resting state EEG was recorded also during the SB sequence and in an fMRI-free condition to directly compare EEG data quality across scanning conditions. EEG data quality was assessed by the ability to remove gradient and cardioballistic artifacts along with a clean spectrogram.

Results
The heating induced by the MB sequence was lower than that of the SB sequence by a factor of 0.73 ± 0.38. This is consistent with an expected heating ratio of 0.64, calculated from the square of the ratio of B1+RMS values of the sequences. In the resting state EEG data, gradient and cardioballistic artifacts were successfully removed using traditional template subtraction. All subjects showed an individual alpha peak in the spectrogram with a posterior topography characteristic of eyes-closed EEG. The success of artifact rejection for the MB sequence was comparable to that in traditional SB sequences.

Conclusions
Our study shows that B1+RMS is a useful indication of the relative heating of fMRI protocols. This observation indicates that simultaneous EEG-fMRI recordings using this MB sequence can be safe in terms of RF-related heating, and that EEG data recorded using this sequence is of acceptable quality after traditional artifact removal techniques.
Effects of taping techniques on arch deformation in adults with pes planus: A meta-analysis
Authors: Tang Meihua , Wang Lin , You Yanwei , Li Jiajia , Hu Xiaoyue 
Published: July 2021

Objective
To investigate effects of taping techniques on arch deformation in adults with pes planus.

Methods
The following databases were searched up to March 2020, including Web of Science, Pubmed, EBSCO, CNKI and Cochrane Library. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed by I2 index and funnel plots, respectively. In addition, Cochrane scale was used to evaluate the quality of research.

Results
Navicular height for three antipronation taping techniques significantly increased immediately post tape compared with baseline (mean difference = 4.86 mm, 95% CI = 2.86–6.87 mm, Z = 4.75, p < 0.001). The highest increase was observed in Augmented low-Dye (ALD). Modified low-Dye (MLD) was second only to ALD (p<0.001). Navicular height after walking for 10 min was much higher than baseline (p<0.001), with MLD decreased smaller than ALD.

Conclusions
ALD was the most effective taping technique for controlling foot arch collapse immediately post tape compared with baseline, followed by MLD. By contrast, MLD could possibly performed better than ALD in maintaining immediate navicular height after walking for 10 min. Low-Dye could make resting calcaneal stance position closer to neutral position. Although positive effects of Navicular sling, low-Dye and Double X taping interventions were observed, they could not maintain this immediate navicular height effect after a period of higher intensity weight-bearing exercise.