bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granulocyte transfusions made with modified fluid gelatin in pediatric and adolescent patients with prolonged neutropenia
Authors: Knapp Selina , Brosig Andreas , Troeger Anja , Kleinschmidt Katharina , Offner Robert , Corbacioglu Selim , Burkhardt Ralph , Foell Juergen , Ahrens Norbert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundGranulocyte transfusions (GT) are used to treat progressive systemic or local infections in prolonged neutropenic patients with antibiotic or antifungal resistance. Granulocytes are most commonly collected from whole blood by apheresis using hydroxyethyl starch (HES) as the red blood cell (RBC) sedimentation agent. This is the first study on the safety and efficacy of transfusing granulocytes collected with modified fluid gelatin (MFG) instead of HES to pediatric patients.MethodsClinical data from 46 pediatric and adolescent patients receiving at least one MFG‐based granulocyte transfusion and in total 295 granulocyte concentrates from July 2013 to August 2019 at our local university medical center were evaluated retrospectively.ResultsForty‐one patients (89%) survived at least 21 days after their last granulocyte transfusion. These survivors had lower CRP values and higher leukocyte counts after GT than non‐survivors (mean delta of −5.34 mg/dl vs. –11.99 mg/dl and + 0.62 × 103/μl vs. +0.18 × 103/μl of all GT, respectively). The neutrophil corrected count increment (CCI) was 68.72 mm2/ml in survivors versus 28.00 mm2/ml in non‐survivors. There were no major or severe adverse events.ConclusionThis study suggests that modified fluid gelatin is a safe and effective alternative to hydroxyethyl starch for the collection of granulocytes for transfusion to prolonged neutropenic patients with progressive systemic or local infections refractory to antibiotic or antifungal therapy.
Algorithms for Improving Speed and Accuracy of Automated Three-Dimensional Reconstruction With a Depth Camera Mounted on An Industrial Robot
Authors: Malhan Rishi , Jomy Joseph Rex , Bhatt Prahar M. , Shah Brual , Gupta Satyandra K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Three-dimensional reconstruction technology is used in a wide variety of applications. Automatically creating accurate pointclouds for large parts with complex geometries usually requires expensive metrology instruments. We are interested in using low-cost depth cameras mounted on commonly available industrial robots to create accurate pointclouds for large parts automatically. Manufacturing applications require fast cycle times. Therefore, we are interested in speeding up the 3D reconstruction process. We present algorithmic advances in 3D reconstruction that achieve a sub-millimeter accuracy using a low-cost depth camera. Our system can be used to determine a pointcloud model of large and complex parts. Advances in camera calibration, cycle time reduction for pointcloud capturing, and uncertainty estimation are made in this work. We continuously capture pointclouds at an optimal camera location with respect to part distance during robot motion execution. The redundancy in pointclouds achieved by the moving camera significantly reduces errors in measurements without increasing cycle time. Our system produces sub-millimeter accuracy.
Resistance Spot Welding of Additively Manufactured Maraging Steels—Part II: Failure Behavior
Authors: Luo Cheng , Zhang Yansong , Oelscher Michael , Shi Yandong , Pasligh Niels , Koch Raphael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Application of maraging steels via selective laser melting process in the automotive industry was unavoidably involved in the resistance spot welding with conventional steels. Due to the rapid cooling rate of welding process, selective laser melted maraging steels with unique chemical components and stack microstructure could induce the different microstructural evolution, resulting in the complicated fracture behavior in the spot welds. This paper developed a FEA model to predict the fracture mode of spot welds of DP600 to maraging steel under KSII test conditions, and the effect of test conditions and printing orientations was studied. A method was proposed to calculate the material properties of fusion zone by introducing the combined effect of melting DP600 and maraging steels via selective laser melting, resulting in the accurate prediction of fracture mode and strength of spot welds. A diffusion layer with lower strength was found around the fusion zone and the fracture path propagated in the region, resulting in the partial interfacial failure of spot welds. Meanwhile, the printing orientation had no significant effect on the fracture mode and strength of spot welds, but the different material properties of maraging steels could affect the fracture displacement of spot welds. These findings could pave a way to guide the application of maraging steels via selective laser melting process in multiple industries, especially in the automotive industry.
Design of Deployable Mechanisms Based on Wren Parallel Mechanism Units
Authors: Wang Jieyu , Kong Xianwen , Yu Jingjun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a series of deployable mechanisms based on n-UU (universal joint) Wren parallel mechanism (PM) units, which undergo one degree-of-freedom (DOF) Borel–Bricard motion. First, the PM unit is developed into ortho-planar mechanisms by adopting an R–R joint. The link parameters of the mechanism are optimized to maximize the folding ratio while avoiding interference. Then, the optimized PM units are piled up to construct a novel 1DOF multilayer mechanism that has the largest folding ratio among similar structures in the literature. Moreover, polyhedral deployable mechanisms are obtained by connecting the PM unit using U joint or UU joint. Apart from saving space, the polyhedral mechanisms can transform among different shapes of polyhedrons. Finally, variations of the n-UU PM are investigated with different shapes of platforms, and each mechanism has its unique movement characteristics.
Flow Check and Adiabatic Effectiveness Measurements on Traditionally Versus Additively Manufactured Film-Cooling Holes
Authors: Cubeda S. , Andrei L. , Innocenti L. , Paone F. , Cocchi L. , Picchi A. , Facchini B. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the recent years Additive Manufacturing (AM) methods, such as the Direct Metal Laser Melting (DMLM) technology, are getting more and more attractive and feasible for the realization of components and subcomponents of gas turbines. In particular, they are receiving much attention since, on the one hand, the manufacturing of complex 3D geometries is allowed and, on the other, manufacturing and delivery times can be cut down. Lately, Baker Hughes is studying the possibility to manufacture film-cooling holes via the DMLM technology in order to exploit the flexibility of such innovative manufacturing method and hence eliminate additional processes and lead time. From the open literature, it is known that additively manufactured holes can have a more irregular shape and higher roughness than traditional ones, which may lead not only to a reduction in coolant flow but more importantly to decay of the film-cooling adiabatic effectiveness. For this reason, a test campaign has been conducted in collaboration with the University of Florence (Italy) with the objective of characterizing the performance (minimum passage diameter, flow check, and adiabatic effectiveness) of AM versus traditional cylindrical holes on simple-geometry coupons built upon different construction angles. Ultimately, the dependency of AM holes performance on print angles is sought with the purpose of characterizing the impact of such manufacturing technology on film-cooling holes design.
Inverse Design of Airfoils Using Convolutional Neural Network and Deep Neural Network
Authors: Kumar Amit , Vadlamani Nagabhushana Rao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we compare the efficacy of two neural network based models: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Deep Neural Networks (DNN) to inverse design the airfoil shapes. Given the pressure distribution over the airfoil in pictorial (for CNN) or numerical form (for DNN), the trained neural networks predict the airfoil shapes. During the training phase, the critical hyper-parameters of both the models, namely — learning rate, number of epochs and batch size, are tuned to reduce the mean squared error (MSE) and increase the prediction accuracy. The training parameters in DNN are an order of magnitude lower than that of CNN and hence the DNN model is found to be ≈ 7× faster than the CNN. In addition, the accuracy of DNN is also observed to be superior to that of CNN. After processing the raw airfoil shapes, the smoothed airfoils are shown to yield the target pressure distribution thereby validating the framework.
A Numerical Study of Flow Around Different Hydrofoil Systems In Presence of the Free Surface
Authors: Kumari Nutan , Chakraborty Arnab 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The hydrofoils are essential element in tidal current turbine and in high speed marine crafts. Hence, the study of hydrodynamic characteristics of hydrofoils are important as they play a vital role in improving the performance of these propulsion devices (hydro-kinetic turbine, marine craft). In the present study, the dynamics of unsteady and viscous flow around a two hydrofoil system is investigated for two different configuration: (a) tandem, and in (b) stagger arrangement. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations were solved using Finite Volume Solver in STAR-CCM+ commercial software package. k-ε turbulence model is incorporated in the present simulation in order to explain the turbulence flow physics while the free surface is captured using Volume of Fluid (VOF) technique. Further, the obtained numerical simulation results were compared with experimental data available in the literature as a validation purpose. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of spacing distance on the lift and drag coefficient generated by two foil system in tandem and stagger arrangements which is one of the important design parameter for a tidal turbine blades in presence of free sea surface. It could be observed that the hydrofoils are arranged in tandem configuration, the lift coefficients of the upstream and downstream hydrofoils are higher in comparison to single hydrofoil. Interference effect didn’t die out even at large spacing for 2-D hydrofoil.
Numerical Investigation on the Cavity Implementation Methods in Trapped Vortex Combustor
Authors: M S Nisanth , Panda Pratikash P. , R V Ravikrishna 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Well-stabilized vortices inside a physical cavity using direct injection of reactants can be used to provide stable combustion with performance benefits. The adaptation of the Trapped Vortex Combustion (TVC) concept involves the placement of the cavity-based flame stabilization device in the main duct of the combustor using annular or planar geometric configurations. In this work, we compare the performance of inner annular, outer annular and planar arrangements of the cavity with dual-vortex structure configuration enabled by a single injection port on the upstream wall of the cavity. The comparison is done using Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations. The effect of cavity implementation methods on the flame stabilization, temperature distribution at the exit of the combustor and pollutant emissions are analyzed with three combustor operating conditions based on the flow parameters. Significant differences in the flame stabilization are observed in the combustors due to the dissimilarity of the velocity and fuel distribution. The parameter, jet momentum flux ratio, denoted by J, is defined based on the inlet conditions and the estimate of actual cavity flow velocity from numerical results. This parameter is used to correlate the combustor performance among the various configurations studied. The inner annular combustor can be scaled to higher power by increasing the combustor radius (R) with same cavity size, flow parameters and chemical parameters, however, the flame stabilization and performance are affected by the geometric parameters, combustor radius (R) and cavity depth (D). Strategies to scale-up the combustor to obtain the required performance are discussed along with the challenges faced in comparing results of the various configurations studied.
Influence of Texture Portion and Dimple Area Density on the Tribological Characteristics of Dimple Textured Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing
Authors: Syed Nayab Rasool , Kakoty Sashindra Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
There is a growing interest towards the textured bearings. The normal surface texture has the shape of micro-dimples with preselected diameter, area density and depth. The use of different amount of texturing and dimple area density, can be an effective way to improve tribological properties of textured bearing. In the present study, the tribological properties, of the dimple textured journal bearing of L/D = 2, such as attitude angle, load carrying capacity, friction variable and flow coefficient are estimated for different texture portion and dimple area density. The computationally efficient Progressive mesh densification method is implemented for the numerical solution. The governing Reynolds equation is discretized with the finite difference scheme and then solved using Gauss Seidel method coupled with Successive over relaxation scheme. The numerical results show that the flow coefficient and attitude angle has been improved significantly with texture portion variation. Similarly, when the dimple area density is varied, there is significant improvement in flow coefficient and attitude angle resulting in the maximum flow coefficient at the dimple area density of 0.25 and minimum attitude angle, at the eccentricity ratios from 0.5 to 0.7, for the dimple area density of 0.20. However, the texture portion and dimple area density have no positive influence on the load carrying capacity and friction variable.
Life Prediction of Thermal Barrier Coated C3X Gas Turbine Blade of CMSX-4 Material
Authors: Kumar Ajmit , Kumar Sanket , Pandey K. N. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The drive to higher efficient gas turbine engines and improved performance is attained by increasing turbine inlet temperature. This lead to the use of advanced material, multi-layered thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) and effective cooling technique in a gas turbine blade system. The main objective is to predict and compare the life between an uncoated blade developed by NASA named C3X and a tri-layered thermal barrier coated C3X blade working under four different high temperature operating conditions. The geometry of the uncoated blade was modelled using Catia software. Three layers of coatings i.e., top coat, bond coat and thermally grown oxide with suitable thickness were generated by the mesh offset technique which was applied to an uncoated blade to model the coated blade. Thereafter steady-state 3D conjugate heat transfer analysis (CFD) with k-ε turbulence model by Ansys Cfx was performed to obtain temperature, pressure and heat transfer coefficient distribution on the surface of the blade. Firstly, this CFD analysis was performed using stainless steel as substrate material, then validated with experimental values and lastly, the same simulation model was applied to Nickel based super-alloy CMSX-4 material. The next step was carrying out transient uncoupled heat transfer, thermal stress, mechanical stress and sequentially coupled thermo-mechanical stress analyses using Abaqus for a flight length of 5000 seconds. At last, the creep-fatigue interaction life of the blade was computed by ductility exhaustion concept with morrow mean stress correction method using Fesafe/Turbolife software. After carrying out above mentioned processes for both uncoated and coated blade, an effective comparison was made. A significant decrease in Temperature (up to 127 K) and Thermo-Mechanical Stress (up to 263 MPa) and a significant increase in Fatigue-Creep Life (up to 16.5 times) was observed when TBCs were applied. The result shows that the thermal load was more severe than the mechanical load. The maximum thermo-mechanical stress was found at the trailing edge and fixed portion of the blade.
Numerical Investigations on Aerodynamic Design Criteria for Low Speed Mixed Flow Compressor
Authors: Kumar Hemant , S. Mistry Chetan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A surge in the small jet engine market due to aero-propulsion purposes generates a requirement to develop compact and robust high-performance compressors. Mixed flow compressors can provide a comparatively higher pressure ratio compared to axial compressors and have less frontal area than centrifugal compressors. Rapid progress in manufacturing and computational capabilities has resulted in the successful design of mixed flow compressors in recent decades.
In the present study, the mixed flow compressor was designed to operate at 3,000 rpm with a small total-to-total pressure ratio of 1.03 and a mass flow rate = 1.98 kg/s to carry at low-speed testing for university-level research. Meanline design for the compressor with air as working fluid was done. The blade geometry was developed using commercial Ansys® Bladegen module. The flow domain mesh was generated by the TurboGrid module. Ansys CFX was used as a solver and post-processing tool for the present numerical study.
The present work describes the detailed design procedure, overall performance, and flow field features of a low-speed mixed-flow compressor with the special requirement of axial flow exit. The parametric analysis was carried out on splitter blade placement, wrap angle (10°, 20°, 30°, and 50°), and exit cone angle (30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, and 65°), at constant tip clearance and keeping the other parameters constant to observe their effect on performance and flow structure. The use of splitter blades smoothen the flow structure along both stream-wise and span-wise direction, which minimizes flow the separation issue and thereby helping in extending the overall operating range. Comparing the flow field characteristic and performance of each parametric variable, the optimum range of design values is exhibited. The numerical observation and analysis done on parametric variations in this paper can be used for the design of such a future low-speed mixed flow compressor for different performance expectations and installation requirements.
Experimental Investigation of Performance Characteristics for Savonius-Style VAWTs: A Comparative Study
Authors: Paul Diplina , Banerjee Abhisek 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Savonius-style wind turbines are mainly gauged by two types of coefficients namely: (i) coefficient of power (CP) and (ii) coefficient of torques (CT). Coefficient of power is defined as the ratio of power generated by the turbine to the total power available to the turbine from the free-flowing wind. This is synonymous to the operational efficiency of the wind turbine. Coefficient of torque reflects the torque generating ability of the turbine. In this manuscript, experiments have been performed using three different types of rotor profiles for Savonius-style wind turbines (SSWTs) namely, classical SSWT, Benesh type SSWT and elliptical shaped SSWT using oriented jets. Using deflector plates the orientation of jets have been varied from 20° to 70°. Addition of deflector plates to the wind turbines, assists in maximizing the utilization of wind energy. Experiments have been performed in the laminar air flow. Mechanical loads have been used to study Coefficient of performance (CP) and coefficient of torque (CT) as a function of tip speed ratio (TSRs). The velocity of the wind is adjusted by varying the rheostat that controls the AC motor for the wind tunnel systems. Experimental results indicated that optimum performance could be achieved from all three types of SSWT variants at TSR ∼ 0.70. Out of the three designs studied in this manuscript, elliptic shaped SWT yielded best coefficient of performance equal to 0.39 at TSR = 0.70.
The Effect of Dry Needling on Pain, Range of Motion of Ankle Joint, and Ultrasonographic Changes of Plantar Fascia in Patients With Plantar Fasciitis
Authors: Moosaei Saein Afsaneh , Safavi-Farokhi Ziaeddin , Aminianfar Atefeh , Mortezanejad Marzieh 
Published: December 2021

Context: Plantar fasciitis (PF) is a common and devastating disease. Despite different treatments, there is no clear evidence for the effect of these treatments on PF. One of the therapy methods used in physiotherapy is dry needling (DN). So the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of DN on the pain and range of motion of the ankle joint and plantar fascia thickness in subjects with PF who are suffering from the trigger points of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Methods: In this study, 20 volunteer females with PF were randomly assigned into DN treatment and control groups. Measurements were range of motion in dorsiflexion and plantar flexion, plantar fascia thickness, and visual analog scale measured before, immediately, and 1 month after the end of the intervention in both groups. Results: There were significant differences in the plantar fascia thickness and visual analog scale between the 2 groups. Plantar fascia thickness (P = .016) and visual analog scale (P = .03) significantly decreased in the treatment group. However, there was no significant difference in plantar flexion (P = .582) and dorsiflexion range of motion (P = .173) between groups. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that DN can reduce pain and plantar fascia thickness in women with PF who are suffering from trigger points of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Level of evidence: Level 1, randomized controlled trial.
Feasibility of the Mothers and Daughters Moving Together Physical Activity Intervention
Authors: Dlugonski Deirdre , Schwab Lacey , DuBose Katrina D. 
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Preschool-aged children, especially girls, have low levels of physical activity that may be influenced through parent role modeling. Evidence for mother–daughter interventions that include preschool-aged children is sparse. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of recruitment procedures, protocol compliance, and participant retention for the Mothers and Daughters Moving Together intervention. The secondary aim was to provide initial estimates of the intervention effect on mother–daughter and family physical activity co-participation, moderate to vigorous physical activity, and maternal physical activity enjoyment and support. Method: This nonrandomized feasibility study included mother–daughter (2–5 y) dyads who self-selected into the intervention (n = 21 dyads) or comparison (n = 10 dyads) group. Results: The recruitment rate was 41.9% (31 enrolled/74 interested). Intervention group mother–daughter dyads attended 57% of intervention sessions. Among the whole sample, 70% to 80% of participants (mothers and daughters) had at least 4 valid days of accelerometer data at preintervention and postintervention. The retention rate was 90% (28/31 dyads completed the study). Initial estimates of intervention effect indicated small, positive changes for mother–daughter physical activity co-participation, and maternal physical activity support and enjoyment. Conclusions: This study provides valuable information that should be confirmed using an adequately powered and randomized study design.