bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonist Alters Corticosterone and Receptor-sensitive mRNAs in the Hypoxic Neonatal Rat
Authors: Gehrand Ashley L , Phillips Jonathan , Welhouse Kyle D , Siddiqui Hana , Schulgit Matthew , Hoffman Jeff , Hunt Hazel , Raff Hershel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHypoxia, a common stressor with preterm birth, increases morbidity and mortality associated with prematurity. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are administered to the preterm infant to improve oxygenation; prolonged use of GCs remains controversial. We evaluated a selective glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist (CORT113176) in our neonatal rat model of human prematurity to assess how fasting and hypoxia-induced increases in neonatal corticosterone affects endogenous hormones and endocrine pancreas function. Neonatal rat pups at postnatal day (PD) 2, PD8, and PD15 were pretreated with CORT113176 and, after 60 minutes of separation and fasting, exposed to hypoxia (8% O2) or control (normoxia) for 30 or 60 minutes while fasting was continued. Plasma corticosterone, ACTH, glucose, and insulin were measured and fasting Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance was calculated. Glucocorticoid and insulin receptor-sensitive gene mRNAs were analyzed in liver, muscle, and adipose to evaluate target tissue biomarkers. CORT113176 pretreatment augmented baseline and hypoxia-induced increases in corticosterone and attenuated hypoxia-induced increases in insulin resistance at PD2. Normoxic and hypoxic stress increased the hepatic GR-sensitive gene mRNAs, Gilz and Per1; this was eliminated by pretreatment with CORT113176. CORT113176 pretreatment decreased baseline insulin receptor-sensitive gene mRNAs Akt2, Irs1, Pik3r1, and Srebp1c at PD2. We show that CORT113176 variably augments the stress-induced increases in corticosterone concentrations (attenuation of negative feedback) and that GR is critical for hepatic responses to stress in the hypoxic neonate. We also propose that measurement of Gilz and Per1 mRNA expression may be useful to evaluate the effectiveness of GR antagonism.
Interferon Signaling in Estrogen Receptor–positive Breast Cancer: A Revitalized Topic
Authors: Fu Xiaoyong , De Angelis Carmine , Schiff Rachel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractCancer immunology is the most rapidly expanding field in cancer research, with the importance of immunity in cancer pathogenesis now well accepted including in the endocrine-related cancers. The immune system plays an essential role in the development of ductal and luminal epithelial differentiation in the mammary gland. Originally identified as evolutionarily conserved antipathogen cytokines, interferons (IFNs) have shown important immune-modulatory and antineoplastic properties when administered to patients with various types of cancer, including breast cancer. Recent studies have drawn attention to the role of tumor- and stromal-infiltrating lymphocytes in dictating therapy response and outcome of breast cancer patients, which, however, is highly dependent on the breast cancer subtype. The emerging role of tumor cell–inherent IFN signaling in the subtype-defined tumor microenvironment could influence therapy response with protumor activities in breast cancer. Here we review evidence with new insights into tumor cell–intrinsic and tumor microenvironment–derived IFN signaling, and the crosstalk of IFN signaling with key signaling pathways in estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) breast cancer. We also discuss clinical implications and opportunities exploiting IFN signaling to treat advanced ER+ breast cancer.
Retroperitoneal Paraganglioma With Asymptomatic Follicular Lymphoma: A Case Report
Authors: Kakizawa Keisuke , Yamashita Miho , Nakashima Mitsuko , Kawauchi Yuto , Ikeya Akira , Matsushita Akio , Sasaki Shigekazu , Oki Yutaka 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Paraganglioma (PGL) is a rare tumor originating from extra-adrenal paraganglionic chromaffin tissues, and most sympathetic PGLs have excessive catecholamine secretion. However, nonfunctional PGLs are sometimes found. Although malignant PGL is defined by metastasis to nonchromaffin tissues, it is difficult to predict malignancies due to the lack of reliable markers of potential malignancies. We report the case of a 69-year-old Japanese woman with an incidental retroperitoneal tumor and multiple enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes simultaneously. The patient had no subjective symptoms and there were no laboratory findings suggesting catecholamine hypersecretion. Both the retroperitoneal tumor and the enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes showed high accumulation of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), whereas metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) was accumulated only at the retroperitoneal tumor. Although a retroperitoneal tumor was diagnosed as nonfunctional PGL by examination including MIBG scintigraphy, the cause of enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes could not be diagnosed by imaging and biochemical tests. As a result of retroperitoneal tumor resection and mesenteric lymph nodes sampling, histopathological examination revealed that a retroperitoneal tumor was PGL and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes were follicular lymphoma. To reveal an underlying genetic factor, we performed whole exome sequencing of genomic DNA, and we identified 2 possible candidate variants in SDHD and DLST, but the pathogenicity of these variants remains uncertain in the present case. This rare case reinforces the importance of histopathological diagnosis of nonchromaffin tissue lesions in patients with PGL for the appropriate treatment strategy.
An Approach to the Evaluation and Management of the Obese Child With Early Puberty
Authors: Tenedero Christine B , Oei Krista , Palmert Mark R 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With the declining age at onset of puberty and increasing prevalence of childhood obesity, early breast development in young obese girls has become a more frequent occurrence. Here, we examine available literature to answer a series of questions regarding how obesity impacts the evaluation and management of precocious puberty. We focus on girls as the literature is more robust, but include boys where literature permits.
Suggestions include: (1) Age cutoffs for evaluation of precocious puberty should not differ substantially from those used for nonobese children. Obese girls with confirmed thelarche should be evaluated for gonadotropin-dependent, central precocious puberty (CPP) to determine if further investigation or treatment is warranted. (2) Basal luteinizing hormone (LH) levels remain a recommended first-line test. However, if stimulation testing is utilized, there is a theoretical possibility that the lower peak LH responses seen in obesity could lead to a false negative result. (3) Advanced bone age (BA) is common among obese girls even without early puberty; hence its diagnostic utility is limited. (4) Obesity does not eliminate the need for magnetic resonance imaging in girls with true CPP. Age and clinical features should determine who warrants neuroimaging. (5) BA can be used to predict adult height in obese girls with CPP to inform counseling around treatment. (6) Use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) leads to increased adult height in obese girls. (7) Obesity should not limit GnRHa use as these agents do not worsen weight status in obese girls with CPP.
Avian ceca are indispensable for hindgut enteric nervous system development
Authors: Nagy Nandor , Kovacs Tamas , Stavely Rhian , Halasy Viktoria , Soos Adam , Szocs Emoke , Hotta Ryo , Graham Hannah , Goldstein Allan M. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
The enteric nervous system (ENS), which is derived from enteric neural crest cells (ENCCs), represents the neuronal innervation of the intestine. Compromised ENCC migration can lead to Hirschsprung disease, which is characterized by an aganglionic distal bowel. During the craniocaudal migration of ENCCs along the gut, we find that their proliferation is greatest as the ENCC wavefront passes through the ceca, a pair of pouches at the midgut-hindgut junction in avian intestine. Removal of the ceca leads to hindgut aganglionosis, suggesting that they are required for ENS development. Comparative transcriptome profiling of the cecal buds compared with the interceca region shows that the non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway is preferentially expressed within the ceca. Specifically, WNT11 is highly expressed, as confirmed by RNA in situ hybridization, leading us to hypothesize that cecal expression of WNT11 is important for ENCC colonization of the hindgut. Organ cultures using embryonic day 6 avian intestine show that WNT11 inhibits enteric neuronal differentiation. These results reveal an essential role for the ceca during hindgut ENS formation and highlight an important function for non-canonical Wnt signaling in regulating ENCC differentiation.
Andrew Johnson (1958-2021)
Authors: Lloyd Robert , Alberio Ramiro , Crother Brian I. 
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACT
Andrew Johnson, a pioneer in the development of the amphibian axolotl as a model to study the early stages of metazoan development, died 15th September 2021. Known as ‘AJ’ by his family, and by his friends and colleagues, his older sister Pam referred to him as an unstoppable ‘force of nature’ who at the age of 9 or 10 said to her, ‘I'm going to become a professor’. Here, we reflect on AJ's life and work, paying particular attention to his studies on the establishment of primordial germ cells in vertebrates.
O coming oucie i wyrażeniach pokrewnych w polszczyźnie
Authors: Zabawa Marcin 
Published: November 2021

On coming out and Related Constructions in Polish
The aim of the present paper is to discuss the English lexical borrowing coming out, together with some related constructions, used in Polish. The construction in question was originally used in Polish in LGBT community to denote the process of disclosing one’s own non-heterosexual orientation; now, however, it has significantly expanded its range of contexts. The construction is thus used in many different contexts, connected with e.g. one’s religion, details about one’s earnings, etc. Interestingly enough, the meaning of other constructions, such as outing, has not been extended. In the article, descriptions of the meanings of the forms in question have been illustrated with numerous examples taken from the National Corpus of Polish (NKJP) and the MoncoPL Corpus.
Język i językoznawstwo według Krystyny Pisarkowej (1932–2010)
Authors: Kowalik Krystyna 
Published: November 2021

Language and Linguistics According to Krystyna Pisarkowa (1932–2010)
Krystyna Pisarkowa’s rich output is characterised by a variety of forms and a wide range of topics, as well as an innovative interpretation of linguistic phenomena. The following paper can be described as biographical and substantive. The text contains certain facts from Pisarkowa’s life that are connected with certain spheres of her scientific activity in which she succeeded, references to people who played a significant role in her life, as well as development of her research interests. The publications which are mentioned in the paper have been selected according to Pisarkowa’s attitude to language, its essence, pragmatic-functional-stylistic variety, as well as potential context and purpose which lies beyond its typical usage. Moreover, an attempt has been made at reconstructing Pisarkowa’s views on the range, shape and place of linguistics among humanistic disciplines.
O Rachunku sumienia jako zadaniu tłumacza Krystyny Pisarkowej
Authors: Tutak Kinga 
Published: November 2021

On Rachunek sumienia jako zadanie tłumacza [Examination of Conscience as a Translator’s Task] by Krystyna Pisarkowa
The author of the article tries to reconstruct the way in which Krystyna Pisarkowa perceived confession and examination of conscience. Pisarkowa discussed those forms of confessing one’s sins in a series of lectures, in an article of 2002, and in a book published two years after her death. The main message of these works is the connection between the examination of conscience and translation according to the approach of Walter Benjamin. In the opinion of Pisarkowa, examination of conscience is a complex act of thought and internal speech that needs to be translated into a natural language. Also, Pisarkowa takes into account the second dimension of updating the examination of conscience, which is related to functioning of a certain genre in religious discourse. She provides some examples of old Polish confessions and she analyses them in terms of textology, which deserves our special attention.
„Ile przemilczam, tego nie wypowiem”: o (prze)milczeniu w utworach Wisławy Szymborskiej i ich przekładzie na język niemiecki
Authors: Kubaszczyk Joanna 
Published: November 2021

“How Much I Dissemble I shall not Utter”: on Aposiopesis in the Poems by Wisława Szymborska and Their Translation into German
Krystyna Pisarkowa emphasises the importance of means which participate in shaping the expression of emotions in a poetic text, and calls for extracting from the text “essential ingredients from seemingly minor semantic accents” (Pisarkowa 1998: 36). In this article, the author takes this inspiration and analyses how Wisława Szymborska applies silence in her poems as an aesthetic category and an expression of choked emotions, what indicators of silence she uses, and what happens with this silence in the translation of her poems into German by Karl Dedecius. The author concludes that a translator should be able to empathise with emotions and be an intermediary not only for the word, but also for the unspoken.
Acordos entre Espanha e países do Norte da África como mecanismos de controle das migrações irregulares nos anos 2000 | Agreements between Spain and North African countries as a mechanism of irregular migration control in the 2000s
Authors: Da Costa Mangueira Ana Beatriz , Reis Melo Filipe 
Published: November 2021

Este artigo analisa como a Espanha securitizou fluxos migratórios irregulares do Norte da África na primeira década dos anos 2000. Esse processo realizou-se com medidas de segurança nas fronteiras, especialmente nas regiões de Ceuta e Melila. Por outro lado, os governos espanhóis ao longo daquela década reavivaram acordos firmados com os africanos ainda nos anos 1990 para readmissão de migrantes e para admissão de indivíduos no mercado de trabalho espanhol. A relação entre Espanha e países africanos foi contraditória, pois enquanto se buscava conter as migrações indesejadas, pretendia-se usar a mão de obra estrangeira para reduzir os custos trabalhistas. Essas contradições são influenciadas pela presença da União Europeia que delibera e atua na temática de migrações na região, um assunto que tem sido um dos principais interesses da agenda de segurança europeia nos últimos anos. Palavras-Chave: Espanha. Fluxos migratórios. Norte da África. ABSTRACTThis paper analyses how Spain securitized irregular migratory flows from North Africa in the 2000s first decade. This process was carried out by security actions at the borders, specially at Ceuta and Melilla regions. On other hand, over the years of 2000s Spanish governments renewed agreements that were signed with Africans in the 1990s to foster readmission of migrants and promote the admission of individuals to the Spanish labor market. Furthermore, the relationship between Spain and African countries was inconsistent due to the fact that at the moment which the contention of unwanted migration was the focus, it was intended to use foreign labor to reduce labor costs. These contradictions are influenced by the presence of the European Union, which deliberates and acts on the issue of migration in the region, a subject that has been one of the main interests of the European security agenda in recent years. Keywords: Spain. Migration flows. North Africa. Recebido em: 24 mai. 2021 | Aceito em: 01 out. 2021.
Percepções de trabalho e formação: tessituras do quefazer com a cultura de paz
Authors: Santos Madson Pinto , Nakashima Rosária Helena Ruiz 
Published: November 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo perceber relações e equivalências dos temas geradores (trabalho, escola e paz0 e suas pertinências para a humanização dos interlocutores da pesquisa. Para esta finalidade fez-se uso da metodologia qualitativa, orientada por princípios da pesquisa participante, tendo como técnica o círculo de cultura, além de um objeto artístico. Os teóricos Freire (2015), Galtung (2003), Delors (2006) e Morin (2011) nos ajudaram a entender que o trabalho e a escola são categorias importantes no movimento dialético para o ser mais, mas um terceiro elemento, a cultura de paz, faz-se necessário para o avançar na humanização de homens e mulheres.
Paulo Freire e a escola necessária à inclusão
Authors: Esquinsani Rosimar Serena Siqueira 
Published: November 2021

A constante vivificação do pensamento de Paulo Freire permite que questões coetâneas possam ser discutidas à luz do pensamento freireano, ainda que o mesmo não tenha pautado nomeadamente determinado assunto. Essa premissa aplica-se à Educação Especial. Mesmo sem escritos específicos sobre o tema, é possível iluminar o debate acerca da Educação Especial a partir das obras de Paulo Freire. E esta interface caracteriza a intenção do artigo: avigorar o pensamento de Freire no debate acerca da Educação Especial, colocando o tema em diálogo com um autor denso, tomando igualmente Paulo Freire a partir de uma pauta contemporânea. Metodologicamente o texto trata-se de estudo descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, pautado em uma revisão sistemática da obra freiriana, com o objetivo buscar excertos e ideias que dialoguem com conceitos atuais de Educação Especial, Educação Inclusiva e Equidade. O texto está dividido em três seções: ‘Sobre Educação Especial, Educação Inclusiva e Equidade’, onde são expostos os fragmentos legais que assinalam a compreensão dos conceitos designados; ‘Discutindo os conceitos à luz do pensamento de Paulo Freire’, onde os conceitos são tomados sob a ótica do autor, e ‘O pensamento freireano e a escola necessária à inclusão’, tecendo reflexões sobre a escola inclusiva a partir da obra de Paulo Freire. Como conclusão, a narrativa conduz à compreensão que a escola necessária à inclusão se sustenta em diversas premissas freireanas, assumindo um lugar de curiosidade crítica e contestação, buscando somar esforços ao debate denso (por vezes tenso) em relação à educação Especial na perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva.Palavras-chave: Paulo Freire; educação especial; inclusão.
Educação e conscientização: acerca da concepção freireana de “Ser mais”
Authors: Silva Cleonice Aparecida Raphael da , Galuch Maria Terezinha Bellanda , Bido José Mateus 
Published: November 2021

Este artigo, de cunho bibliográfico, apresenta uma reflexão acerca da concepção de “Ser mais” em Paulo Freire, destacando a importância das ideias desse educador, quando se pensa em uma educação que visa à conscientização. A educação pode promover a autorreflexão sobre os limites da emancipação, assim, um instrumento para o fortalecimento da resistência à sociedade fundada em relações de poder e de violência. Freire propõe uma educação que retome a formação do sentido ontológico do ser humano, contrariando e resistindo à dominação político-econômica, ou seja, uma educação inspirada na esperança de um vir a ser que é construção histórica permanente.
An Evaluation of Woody Biomass and Pulpwood Market Competition within a Range of Procurement Distances
Authors: Parajuli Manisha , Hiesl Patrick , Smidt Mathew , Mitchell Dana 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In the Southern United States, a rising number of biomass facilities have created new market opportunities for forest landowners, consulting foresters, and loggers, which could increase the competition between the biomass market and pulpwood market for forest biomass. Thus, comparing the profits from conventional roundwood harvesting and biomass harvesting within a range of procurement distances could be crucial to make a harvest decision. In this study, we considered two harvesting systems: conventional and biomass. We developed a decision support tool to predict and compare the final stumpage value from both harvesting systems based on the stand and site conditions, market conditions, and distance to the nearest market. We grew (simulated) loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations to six different thinning ages (12, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22 yr) at five different site indices (17, 20, 23, 26, and 29 m at a base age of 25 yr) using the PTAEDA4.0 software. Different models were fitted and evaluated for certain training and validating criteria. In both harvesting systems, we select the cube root-transformed model as the best model. Using the models, we predict that the utilization of logging residues and pulpwood as wood chips may yield a higher return to the landowner when the delivered price of the wood chips is comparable to the delivered price of the pulpwood and within the same procurement distance. The selected models thus serve as a decision support tool to inform stakeholders to further maximize their economic return from timber harvesting operations by selecting the most profitable option.
Liquid-liquid separation of Cd (II) from Cu-sulfide cake prepared from sulfate solution of Abu-Thor ore material, Southwestern, Sinai, Egypt
Authors: Awny Elham 
Published: November 2021

The present work is concerned with the subsequent liquid-liquid separation of Cu, Zn, and Cd compounds from Cu- sulfide cake prepared from the sulfate solution of Abu-Thor Gibbsite-bearing shale ore material. This ore was found assaying 0.014% of Cd, 0.5% of Cu, and 0.55% of Zn as the elements of interest, by using 25% of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution at a solid/liquid ratio of 1/3 reaction time of 90 min at a temperature of 80<sup> </sup>◦C. About 96.5% of Cu (II), 99.3% of Cd (II), and 95.6% of Zn (II), respectively, were dissolved. After filtration, the prepared sulfate solution was treated with a suitable weight of Na<sub>2</sub>S to prepare the working Cu-sulfide cake, which was then wholly re-dissolved in 10% of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> solution to prepare the working sulfate solution, which contained the elements of interest. This solution was gone out to the organic solvent process for complete separating between the Cu (II), Zn (II) ions in the organic phase, and Cd (II) ions in the aqueous phase. The effective extraction parameters such as pH value, LIX concentration, contact time, and organic/aqueous ratio were studied. The obtained data cleared that the pH value of 2.5 was found effective for separating Cd (II) in the aqueous phase and both Zn (II) and Cu (II) in the organic phase. Where Cd (II) ions were precipitated as CdS using Na<sub>2</sub>S solution at pH 0.89, on the other side, both Zn (II) and Cu (II) were completely separated in the stripping process using Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> solution.