bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Escuela y familia en Isla de Pascua
Authors: Llaña Mena Mónica , Alarcón Quezada Dina 
Published: January 2021

Los desafíos fundamentales para el futuro de la educación en Isla de Pascua, así como en el resto del país, se centran en el problema de la calidad de la educación y su pertinencia.
Existe consenso en reconocer que los establecimientos a los cuales asisten estudiantes de etnias diferentes (aymaras, mapuches, pascuenses) no estarían entregando una formación acorde a esas culturas ni a la realidad socioeconómica
de las comunidades en las que se insertan.
Interesaba, por lo tanto, entregar antecedentes que ayudaran a fundamentar la toma de decisiones que contribuyeran a la labor integrada de la familia y escuela en una comunidad étnica.
Se intentó responder a la pregunta si los sistemas escolar y familiar coincidían en dimensiones importantes o eran incompatibles. Para ello se recogió información de todos los estamentos comprometidos: alumnos y profesores del Liceo Lorenzo Baeza, padres y familiares de los alumnos de niveles Pre-básica, Básica y Media y miembros representativos de la comunidad isleña. Las áreas consultadas se refirieron a su percepción del sistema educativo, niveles de satisfacción de la escuela, apoyo del hogar a la acción educativa, entre otras.

Proyecto DTI S/3136-0312
Inserción educacional postsecundaria en chile
Authors: Jiménez Saldaña Ana María 
Published: January 2021

Los hallazgos aquí expuestos corresponden a una investigación presentada como tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en Ciencias de la Educación en la Facultad de Educación de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile y financiada por la
agencia estatal chilena FONDECYT, mediante el Proyecto Nº 2980025. Ella busca describir, comparar y explicar las inequidades y el sacrificio social en la inserción educacional postsecundaria. El problema central es dilucidar si las inequidades son básicamente socioconómicas o socioculturales, y especificar el peso de las variables moderadoras asociadas a ellas.
La relevancia del problema deriva de los desafíos educativos que conlleva la vigencia del modelo de Transformación Productiva con Equidad, propuesto por la Comisión Económica para América Latina de la UNESCO; la prioridad asignada
en las actuales políticas educacionales chilenas a la calidad y equidad del sistema educativo; la devaluación de la educación resultante del aumento de la cobertura y el nivel de escolaridad, según la cual, la educación postsecundaria deviene en foco principal de las desigualdades educativas; los antecedentes empíricos que muestran inequidades en la inserción educacional postsecundaria en Chile.
A partir del análisis del sacrificio social segmentado y de los posibles factores asociados, se espera, aporten un conocimiento empírico sobre la inequidad y la naturaleza de las inequidades en el acceso a la educación postsecundaria en Chile.

Este trabajo forma parte del Proyecto de investigación de Doctorado FONDECYT N° 2980025 Inserción educacional postsecundaria: inequidades y sacrificio social.
El Discurso de los Adolescentes Escolares: Discurso Sostenido acerca de la Libertad (2)
Authors: Romeo Cardone Julia , Llaña Mena Mónica 
Published: January 2021

La educación en valores es una exigencia de la escuela de hoy; no hay acción educativa sin que exista -de algún modo- desarrollo de valores. En, ese contexto, también, en esta segunda etapa, la investigación sobre el Discurso de los Adolescentes Escolares interpreta las ideas de libertad que sostienen algunos jóvenes, buscando la aproximación a su cosmovisión.
Para estos efectos, en este período, se conformaron grupos de discusión, constituidos por alumnos y alumnas de establecimientos distintos, todos adscritos
a una Ilustre Municipalidad de la Región Metropolitana, respetando los criterios de homologación y heterogeneidad ya especificados anteriormente.
A través del análisis de los discursos producidos se pudieron recoger un conjunto de datas que reúne las opiniones de este tipo de adolescente, identificado como de ingreso económico medio-inferior e inferior. Éstas revelan, como en los casos ya presentados, la existencia de variados polos de tensión, pero no centrados ni de
preferencia en la escuela como agencia educativa, ni aun en la familia, como se observó en los colegios católicos de nivel medio-medio, sino trasvasando sus fronteras, a la cultura misma de los hábitat que configuran los macrocontextos de pertenencia, según sus propias percepciones.
Comentarios sobre Ponencias, Diálogos y Desarrollo Curricular
Authors: Silva Águila Manuel 
Published: January 2021

La posibilidad de acceder a los sistemas formales del saber requiere de condiciones de equipamiento
simbólico desigualmente distribuidos en la estructura social de un país. En efecto, la adquisición de mecanismos de decodificación de las múltiples convenciones que enmarcan nuestra vida cotidiana está
mediatizada, entre otros, por los contextos en los que transcurre la niñez.
Ello implica que las competencias y habilidades de las personas para interactuar significativamente con los diversos medios que les circundan pueden poseer heterogéneos desarrollos, tanto en cantidad como
en calidad.
Ambos aspectos, los conocimientos y las habilidades cognitivas, constituyen fenómenos que pueden ser
aprendidos y enseñados. De hecho, los procesos de socialización primaria dotan a los sujetos de valores,
conocimientos y destrezas para instalarse en la vida social.
Frente a esta realidad debe operar el sistema escolar. De esta forma, los planes y programas de estudio ofrecidos deben contribuir a hacer accesibles, al conjunto de la población escolar, los bienes simbólicos, las creaciones sociales y culturales, los conceptos, habilidades cognitivas, valores y normas disponibles.
Consumo de Tabaco en Adolescentes Escolarizados
Authors: Canales Cerón Manuel , Luzoro García Jorge , Valdivieso Tocornal Pablo 
Published: January 2021

Se publican los resultados de un estudio cualitativo, exploratorio y piloto, respecto a lo que habitualmente se entiende como factores culturales asociados al tabaquismo. Seis grupos diferentes de conversación con escolares entre séptimo básico y primero medio cubrieron la diversidad básica (mujeres y hombres, fumadores y no-fumadores), constituyendo una muestra que se reveló como
eficiente respecto a los principios de saturación y redundancia.
Los conceptos de sentido y discurso son formulados esquemáticamente como marco teórico-metodológico. Las conclusiones son presentadas en una reelaboración del análisis como comunicación crítica, procesando el sentido de lo regulado en la semiología del tabaquismo.
Rol de las educadoras en el apoyo a niños preescolares de familias separadas
Authors: Donoso Niemeyer Tania 
Published: January 2021

La separación parental constituye un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo psicosocial de los niños. Durante este proceso, ellos deben enfrentar una serie de cambios en su entorno, como la alteración de las rutinas familiares, el desequilibrio emocional de los padres y la pérdida total o parcial de la relación con un progenitor. El nivel de estrés que experimentan depende de las características personales de cada niño, y de cómo los padres y otros adultos significativos manejen la situación, especialmente durante el primer tiempo del proceso de separación. Los niños preescolares tienen una fuente adicional de ansiedad, debido a que poseen un pensamiento transductivo, egocéntrico y causalista mágico, que les
lleva a construir fantasías de abandono y daño, y explicaciones donde se autoculpan por lo que ocurre en la familia. Por esta razón, se destaca la necesidad de apoyarlos emocionalmente y facilitar una comunicación fluida que los clarifique, tanto con los padres en la familia como en su Jardín Infantil. Un enfoque preventivo de las dificultades en el desarrollo de los niños preescolares involucra necesariamente a las educadoras de nivel prebásico, cuyo rol fundamental es, por un lado, contenerlos emocionalmente; y por otro, proveerles un ambiente estable, consistente y predecible, que les permita experimentar seguridad y un sentido de control sobre su entorno, que no tienen en sus hogares. Se proponen algunas estrategias para que las educadoras apoyen a los pequeños en esta situación.
An investigation of monthly variation of different physicochemical parameters of dairy industry effluent
Authors: Patil Nilam Sarjerao , Kurhekar Jaya Vikas 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT Industrialization no doubt enhances the productivity, but also results in release of toxic substances into the environment, creating health hazards. Dairy industry ranks as one of the most polluted industries in India. For cleaning and washing procedures, dairy industry plants generate large volumes of waste water, which is 2.5 times milk volume processed. Dairy effluent contains high load of organic matter. This study was aimed at assessing the monthly variation of different physicochemical parameters of effluent like pH, Temperature, Turbidity, Electrical Conductivity, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biological Oxygen Demand, Total Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Chlorides, Sulfates, Oil & Grease, Proteins, Lipids etc. The pH was recorded for values between 7.3 to 8.2 whereas overall mean value was 7.7±0.37 (S.D.) in all month’s data collected which is ambient for the microbial population to grow. Maximum temperature was reported in May (33°C) while lowest value was reported in December (24°C). Mean value of turbidity was recorded as 762±207 NTU. Maximum EC value was reported in January (650 µS/cm) while minimum value was reported in May (354 µS/cm). BOD values reported were between 268 to 950 mg/lit. Maximum BOD values were reported in August and October while minimum was reported in the month of July. Mean value was recorded at 597±208 mg/lit. COD mean value was recorded at 2184±417 mg/lit. Maximum COD values were observed during August and September while minimum during February to April. TDS was noted down to be between 960 to 1362 mg/lit. TS mean value was around 1412 ± 108 mg/lit. TSS was found to be between 245 to 365 mg/lit during the year 2013-14. Maximum TSS value was reported in November and September while minimum in March. Maximum chloride value was reported in March (562 mg/lit) while minimum in September (256 mg/lit). Mean value of sulfate was 247 ± 98 mg/lit. Mean value for oil and grease was recorded as 163 ± 44 mg/lit. Maximum protein value was reported in November (260 mg/lit) while minimum in the months of May and September (154 mg/lit). Mean value of lipid was recorded to be 600±63 mg/lit indicating obvious variation during batches. The present study has been aimed at procuring dairy industry effluents & characterizing them for different parameters in order to check the fluctuation in organic loads.
Dynamic characteristics of the volatile cloudy zone in a gas–solid fluidized bed with hydrocarbon liquid spray
Authors: Tian Sihang , Sun Jingyuan , Yang Yong , Yang Yao , Huang Zhengliang , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn a gas–solid fluidized bed with continuous hydrocarbon liquid spray, a volatile “cloudy zone” could be formed, defined as a dynamically steady liquid‐affected zone, including droplets, wet particles, and the gas which passes through the zone. A new flow pattern with the dynamic coexistence of cloudy zone and non‐cloudy zone (gas–solid zone), is accordingly established. The temperature, particle concentration, and particle velocity fields are measured in real‐time via infrared thermography and particle imaging velocimetry, respectively. Results show that the area and range of central position of the cloudy zone illustrate a heavier fluctuant trend with the increasing velocity of liquid spray, and the main frequency of area fluctuation is close to that of the bubble rising. Moreover, the particle concentration and particle velocity in the cloudy zone are lower than those in the non‐cloudy zone, breaking the conventional symmetrical distributions of hydrodynamic parameters of particles in a gas–solid fluidized bed.
Multimorbidity burden and dementia risk in older adults: The role of inflammation and genetics
Authors: Grande Giulia , Marengoni Alessandra , Vetrano Davide L. , Roso‐Llorach Albert , Rizzuto Debora , Zucchelli Alberto , Qiu Chengxuan , Fratiglioni Laura , Calderón‐Larrañaga Amaia 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionWe investigate dementia risk in older adults with different disease patterns and explore the role of inflammation and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype.MethodsA total of 2,478 dementia‐free participants with two or more chronic diseases (ie, multimorbidity) part of the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC‐K) were grouped according to their multimorbidity patterns and followed to detect clinical dementia. The potential modifier effect of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype was tested through stratified analyses.ResultsPeople with neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, and sensory impairment/cancer multimorbidity had increased hazards for dementia compared to the unspecific (Hazard ration (HR) 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13‐2.42; 1.61, 95% CI 1.17‐2.29; 1.32, 95% CI 1.10‐1.71, respectively). Despite the lack of statistically significant interaction, high CRP increased dementia risk within these patterns, and being APOE ε4 carriers heightened dementia risk for neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular multimorbidity.DiscussionIndividuals with neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, and sensory impairment/cancer patterns are at increased risk for dementia and APOE ε4, and inflammation may further increase the risk. Identifying such high‐risk groups might allow tailored interventions for dementia prevention.
Association of Higher Hydroxychloroquine Blood Levels With Reduced Thrombosis Risk in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Petri Michelle , Konig Maximilian F. , Li Jessica , Goldman Daniel W. 
Published: January 2021

ObjectiveHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has a primary role in the prophylaxis and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and may be protective against thrombosis in SLE. Optimal weight‐based dosing of HCQ is unknown. This study was undertaken to examine the usefulness of HCQ blood monitoring in predicting thrombosis risk in a longitudinal SLE cohort.MethodsHCQ levels were serially quantified from EDTA whole blood by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The mean HCQ blood levels calculated prior to thrombosis or until the last visit were compared using t‐tests between patients with and those without thrombosis. Pooled logistic regression was used to analyze the association between rates of thrombosis and HCQ blood level. Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated.ResultsIn 739 patients with SLE, thrombosis occurred in 38 patients (5.1%). The mean ± SD HCQ blood level was lower in patients who developed thrombosis versus those who did not develop thrombosis (720 ± 489 ng/ml versus 935 ± 580 ng/ml; P = 0.025). Thrombosis rates were reduced by 13% for every 200‐ng/ml increase in the most recent HCQ blood level (RR 0.87 [95% CI 0.78–0.98], P = 0.025) and by 13% for mean HCQ blood level (RR 0.87 [95% CI 0.76–1.00], P = 0.056). Thrombotic events were reduced by 69% in patients with mean HCQ blood levels ≥1,068 ng/ml versus those with levels <648 ng/ml (RR 0.31 [95% CI 0.11–0.86], P = 0.024). This remained significant after adjustment for confounders (RR 0.34 [95% CI 0.12–0.94], P = 0.037).ConclusionLow HCQ blood levels are associated with thrombotic events in SLE. Longitudinal measurement of HCQ levels may allow for personalized HCQ dosing strategies. Recommendations for empirical dose reduction may reduce or eliminate the benefits of HCQ in this high‐risk population.
Improvement of luminescence properties of NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ upconversion materials by a cross‐relaxation mechanism based on co‐doped Ho3+ ion concentrations
Authors: Chung Jong Won , Kwak Minseok , Yang Hyun Kyoung 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+/Ho3+ nanophosphors were successfully synthesized using a solvothermal method and with various concentrations of Ho3+ ions. The crystal structure, grain size, morphology, and luminescence properties were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, and photoluminescence measurements. All samples were crystallized as a cubic structure; it was confirmed that all samples exhibited strong green emission and weak red emission generated at a particular level of the activated ions. The strongest upconversion fluorescence intensity was observed in the Ho3+ and Er3+ ions co‐doped NaYF4 materials with a Ho3+ ion concentration of 0.005 mol. Only the green fluorescence intensity at the 542 nm centre increased strongly due to the 4S3/2→4I15/2 energy transfer. This increase in upconversion fluorescence intensity at a selected wavelength was described as a cross‐relaxation mechanism due to the addition of Ho3+ ions.
Major ion chemistry of two cratonic rivers in the tropics: Weathering rates and their controlling factors
Authors: Samanta Anupam , Tripathy Gyana Ranjan , Pradeep Aswin T. , Mandal Anirban 
Published: January 2021

AbstractContinental weathering plays a dominant role in regulating the global carbon cycle, soil chemistry and nutrient supply to oceans. The CO2‐mediated silicate weathering acts as a major CO2 sink, whereas sulphuric acid‐mediated carbonate dissolution releases CO2 to the atmosphere–ocean system. In this study, dissolved major ions and silica concentrations of two tropical (Damodar and Subarnarekha) river systems from India have been measured to constrain the type and rate of chemical weathering for these basins. The total dissolved solids (TDS) of these rivers, a measure of total solute supply from all possible sources, are about 2–3 times higher than that of the global average for rivers. Mass balance calculations involving inverse modelling estimate that 63 ± 11% of total cations are derived from rock weathering, of which 27 ± 7% of cations are supplied through silicate weathering. The sulphide‐S concentrations are estimated by comparing the water chemistry of these two rivers with that of a nearby river (Brahmani) with similar lithology but no signatures of sulphide oxidation. The outflows of Damodar and Subarnarekha rivers receive 17% and 55% of SO4 through sulphide oxidation, respectively. The sulphide oxidation fluxes from the ore mining areas, such as upper Damodar (0.52 × 109 mol/yr) and lower Subarnarekha (0.66 × 109 mol/yr) basins, are disproportionally (~9 times) higher compared to their fractional areal coverage to the global drainage area. The corresponding CO2 release rate (2.84 × 104 mol/km2/yr) for the Damodar basin is lower by five times than its CO2 uptake rate (1.38 × 105 mol/km2/yr). The outcomes of this study underscore the dominance of sulphide oxidation in controlling the dissolved chemical (cationic and sulphur) fluxes.
Development of a bioavailability-based risk assessment framework for nickel in Southeast Asia and Melanesia
Authors: Garman Emily R , Schlekat Christian E , Middleton Ellie , Merrington Graham , Peters Adam , Smith Ross , Stauber Jenny L , Leung Kenneth MY , Gissi Francesca , Binet Monique T , Adams Merrin S , Gillmore Megan L , Golding Lisa A , Jolley Dianne , Wang Zhen , Reichelt-Brushett Amanda 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Nickel laterite ore deposits are becoming increasingly important sources of Ni for the global marketplace and are found mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, including Indonesia, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Cuba, and New Caledonia. There are few legislatively derived standards or guidelines for the protection of aquatic life for Ni in many of these tropical regions, and bioavailability-based environmental risk assessment (ERA) approaches for metals have mainly been developed and tested in temperate regions, such as the United States and Europe. This paper reports on a multi-institutional, 5-y testing program to evaluate Ni exposure, effects, and risk characterization in the Southeast Asia and Melanesia (SEAM) region, which includes New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, and Indonesia. Further, we have developed an approach to determine if the individual components of classical ERA, including effects assessments, exposure assessments, and risk characterization methodologies (which include bioavailability normalization), are applicable in this region. A main conclusion of this research program is that although ecosystems and exposures may be different in tropical systems, ERA paradigms are constant. A large chronic ecotoxicity data set for Ni is now available for tropical species, and the data developed suggest that tropical ecosystems are not uniquely sensitive to Ni exposure; hence, scientific support exists for combining tropical and temperate data sets to develop tropical environmental quality standards (EQSs). The generic tropical database and tropical exposure scenarios generated can be used as a starting point to examine the unique biotic and abiotic characteristics of specific tropical ecosystems in the SEAM region. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:802–813. © 2021 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC)
KEY POINTS
An approach to determine if the individual components of classical environmental risk assessment (ERA) methodologies are applicable in the Southeast Asia and Melanesia (SEAM) region is presented.
A main conclusion is that, although ecosystems and exposures may be different in tropical systems, ERA paradigms are constant.
A large chronic ecotoxicity data set for Ni is now available for tropical species, and the data developed suggest that tropical ecosystems are not uniquely sensitive to Ni exposure.
The generic tropical database and tropical exposure scenarios generated can be used as a starting point to examine the unique biotic and abiotic characteristics of specific tropical ecosystems in the SEAM region.
The mutational landscape and prognostic indicators of pseudomyxoma peritonei originating from the ovary
Authors: Wang Bing , Yao Jianfei , Ma Ruiqing , Liu Danni , Lu Yiyan , Shi Guanjun , An Lubiao , Xia Ao , Chen Feng , Pang Shaojun , Zhai Xichao , Liu Guifeng , Chen Shifu , Xu Mingyan , Song Lele , Xu Hongbin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare disorder with unique pathological and genetic changes. Although several studies have reported the clinical features and mutational changes of PMP that originates from the appendix, few studies on PMP originating from the ovary have been reported due to its extreme rarity. In order to characterize the somatic mutational landscape and to investigate the prognosis predicting factors of ovary‐originating PMP, we examined 830 cases of PMP and identified 16 patients with PMP that originated from the ovary. Whole‐exome sequencing (WES) was performed on 12 cases using formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. We found that 25% (3/12) of the patients carried mutations in cancer driver genes, including TP53, ATM and SETD2, and 16.7% (2/12) of the patients carried mutations in cancer driver genes, including ATRX, EP300, FGFR2, KRAS, NOCR1 and RB1. The MUC16 (58.33%), BSN (41.67%), PCNT (41.67%), PPP2R5A (41.67%), PRSS36 (41.67%), PTPRK (41.67%) and SBF1 (41.67%) genes presented the highest mutational frequencies. The PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway, human papillomavirus infection pathway, cell skeleton, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix and membrane proteins were the major pathways or functions that were affected. Patients were followed up to 174 months (median: 48.26 months). The 5‐year OS rate for all patients was 71.2% and the median OS was not reached. PTPRK mutations, presurgical CA199 level, completeness of cytoreduction (CCR) and peritoneal cancer index (PCI) were identified as potential predictive factors for patient survival. In conclusion, the mutational landscape for ovary‐originating PMP was revealed and exhibited unique features distinct from appendix‐originating PMP. PTPRK, CA199, CCR and PCI may predict patient survival.