bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Site Tumour Sampling Improves the Detection of Intra-Tumour Heterogeneity in Oral and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jie Weiping , Bai Jiaying , Yan Jing , Chi Yanting , Li Bin-bin 
Published: May 2021

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) are very common in head and neck malignancy. Intratumour heterogeneity (ITH) may hamper their responses to treatment. Hence, novel tumour sampling methods that reflect ITH are required. In this study, we investigated the clinical significance of multi-site tumour sampling (MSTS) to detect ITH in OSCC and OPSCC.Methods: One hundred eighty-two paired specimens were sampled by routine sampling (RS) or MSTS, respectively. Histologically, tumour grade, peri-tumoural vascular and lymphatic growth, perineural permeation, tumour necrosis, and muscle invasion were assessed. Immunohistochemically, the positive and average detection rates of P53(mutant), ki67 and CyclinD1 were detected. The exon 9 and exon 20 mutations of PIK3CA gene and the methylation status of the CDKN2A promoter were analysed.Results: Microscopically, the detection rate of perineural permeation, the detection density of peri-tumoural vascular and lymphatic growth, necrosis and muscle invasion in MSTS were significantly more frequent than those in RP (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.01, P &lt; 0.01). MSTS resulted in a higher detection rate of P53 (mutant), ki67, and CyclinD1 expression than did RS, but the difference was not significant. MSTS's detection rates in PIK3CA gene mutation and gene methylation sequencing in CDKN2A gene promoter region were both higher than RP (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.01). To be emphasised, the hotspot mutation H1047Rwas detected in one MSTS specimen (case 24M5) but in no RS specimens.Conclusions: This study verified that MSTS's advantage in the reflection of morphological and molecular characteristics of OSCC and OPSCC. MSTS was more representative than RP. Therefore, MSTS can compensate the RP limitations in ITH detection especially in large tumours.
Developmental Trajectories in Very Preterm Born Children Up to 8 Years: A Longitudinal Cohort Study
Authors: van Beek Pauline E. , van der Horst Iris E. , Wetzer Josse , van Baar Anneloes L. , Vugs Brigitte , Andriessen Peter 
Published: May 2021

Aim: Long-term outcome data in preterm children is often limited to cross-sectional measurement of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at the corrected age of 24-36 months. However, impairments may only become overt during childhood or resolve with time, and individual trajectories in outcome over time may vary. The primary aim of this study was to describe NDI in very preterm born children at three subsequent ages of 2, 5, and 8 years of age. As a secondary aim, a longitudinal analysis was performed on the individual longitudinal trajectories in NDI from 2 to 8 years of age.Methods: Single-center prospective cohort study including children born between 1990 and 2011 below 30 weeks' gestation and followed into 2019. The outcome measurement was NDI assessed at 2, 5, and 8 years of age. NDI is a composite score that includes cognitive, neurological, visual, and auditory functions, in which problems were categorized as none, mild, moderate, or severe. Cognitive function measured as total DQ/IQ score was assessed by standardized psychometric tests. Neurological, visual, and auditory functions were assessed by the neonatologist.Results: In total, 921 children were eligible for follow-up, of whom 726 (79%) children were assessed. No NDI was seen in 54, 54, and 62%, mild NDI was seen in 31, 36, and 30%, and moderate-to-severe NDI was seen in 15, 9.2, and 8.6% of the children at 2, 5, and 8 years, respectively. From 2 to 8 years, 63% of the children remained in the same NDI category, 20% of the children improved to a better NDI category, and 17% deteriorated toward a worse NDI category. No differences were found in baseline characteristics of infants that improved or deteriorated. Extreme prematurity, male gender and low parental education were associated with worse NDI status at all time points. Although we observed considerable individual variation over time in NDI status, the course of the trajectories in NDI were not associated with gestation, gender, and parental education.Conclusions: Continued follow-up until school life is essential in order to provide optimal and individually focused referrals and care when needed.
Exploring the Mechanism of Zhibai Dihuang Decoction in the Treatment of Ureaplasma Urealyticum-Induced Orchitis Based on Integrated Pharmacology
Authors: Bin Dong-hua , Zhang Shi-ying , Zhan Min , Li Ling , Li Ying-qiu , Zhou Xing , Lu Fang-guo , Zhou Qing , He Qing-hu 
Published: May 2021

Background: Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection is the most common cause of male infertility. Zhibai Dihuang Decoction (ZBDHD) can improve the rate of forwarding motility sperm, sperm deformity rate, seminal plasma zinc and refined berry sugar levels.Methods: The potential targets of ZBDHD are obtained from The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM). Orchitis-related targets were collected from the Genecards and OMIM databases. The Cytoscape and the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) were utilized to construct and analyzed the networks. Finally, a rat model of orchitis caused by UU infection was used to detect related indicators of mitochondrial energy metabolism using TUNEL apoptosis detection technology, loss cytometry, Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot.Results: A total of 795 ZBDHD targets and 242 orchitis-related targets were obtained. The “ZBDHD- orchitis PPI network” was constructed and analyzed. ZBDHD can regulate signaling pathways and biological processes related to mitochondrial energy metabolism. The results of experimental studies have shown that ZBDHD maintains the integrity of sperm mitochondrial respiratory chain function by enhancing mitochondrial Na+-K+-ATPase and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activities, promotes the synthesis of mitochondrial ATP, and improves sperm energy supply, thereby improving the motility, vitality and survival rate of sperm, and effectively improving the quality of semen in UU-infected rats (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion:This study discovered the multi-pathway mechanism of ZBDHD intervention in UU-induced orchitis through integrated pharmacological strategies, which provides a reference for further research on the mechanism of ZBDHD intervention in orchitis in the direction of mitochondrial energy metabolism.
FMS-Related Tyrosine Kinase 3 Ligand Promotes Radioresistance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Zuoquan , Song Jiahang , Gu Junjie , Xu Bing , Sun Xinchen , Zhang Shu 
Published: May 2021

Aim: The FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FL) has an important role in regulating FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt-3) activity. Serum FL levels are markedly increased among patients with hematopoietic disease. However, its role in radiation treatment remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of FL on radiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).Methods: KYSE150 and KYSE450 cells were stimulated with FL (200 ng/ml). mRNA expression was analyzed using qRT-PCR. Cell viability was checked using CCK-8 assay kits. Proliferation was determined using the EdU assay. Radiosensitivity was detected through a colony-forming assay. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell apoptosis. The number of γH2AX foci was verified using an immunofluorescence assay. The change in relative proteins was determined by western blot analysis. The growth of transplanted tumors was demonstrated in nude mice.Results: Our results showed that FL increased the radiation resistance of ESCC cells by promoting clone formation, increasing EdU incorporation, enhancing DNA damage repair, and inhibiting apoptosis. Moreover, the Flt-3 receptor expression significantly increased in ESCC cells after radiation, which may have been an important factor in their radioresistance.Conclusion: Our results suggest that FL increases the radioresistance of esophageal cancer cells and that FL-Flt-3 could be a potential target for enhancing radiosensitivity in ESCC.
Telemonitored Human Circadian Temperature Dynamics During Daily Routine
Authors: Huang Qi , Komarzynski Sandra , Bolborea Matei , Finkenstädt Barbel , Lévi Francis Albert 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundCircadian rhythms in body temperature coordinate peripheral molecular clocks, hence they could potentially predict optimal treatment timing (chronotherapy) in individual patients. Circadian parameters in chest surface body temperature (Chesttemp) were recorded remotely and in real time through the use of wearable sensors.MethodsThe dynamics of circadian oscillations in Chesttemp and core body temperature (Coretemp) and their moderation by sex and age were analysed in 38 men and 50 women, aged 21–78 years. In two studies (ST1 and ST2), Chesttemp was measured every minute and teletransmitted using a BLE-connected sensor for 3.6–28.3 days. Additionally, in ST2, Coretemp was recorded per minute in 33 age- and sex-stratified subjects using electronic ingestible pills with radio-frequency transmissions. Circadian parameters were computed using spectral analysis and cosinor modelling. The temporal relations between Chesttemp and Coretemp cosinor parameters were summarised with principal component (PC) analysis. The effect of sex and age was analysed through multivariate regression.ResultsUsing spectral analysis, a dominant period of 24- or 12-h was identified in 93.2% of the Chesttemp and in 100% of the Coretemp time series. The circadian parameters varied largely between-subjects both for Chesttemp (ranges: mesors, 33.2–36.6°C; amplitudes, 0.2–2.5°C; acrophases, 14:05–7:40), and Coretemp (mesors, 36.6–37.5°C; amplitudes, 0.2–0.7°C; bathyphases, 23:50–6:50). Higher PC loadings mainly corresponded to (i) large Chesttemp amplitudes, and phase advance of both temperature rhythms for the first PC (PC1, 27.2% of variance var.), (ii) high mesors in both temperature rhythms for PC2 (22.4% var.), and (iii) large Coretemp amplitudes for PC3 (12.9% var.). Chesttemp and Coretemp mesors and PC2 loadings decreased in females, while remaining quite stable in males as a function of age. In contrast, Coretemp amplitude and PC3 loadings increased with age in females, but decreased in males. Finally, older subjects, both female and male, displayed a reduction in ultradian variabilities, and an increase in both Chesttemp circadian amplitude and PC1 loadings.InterpretationThe dynamics relations between Chesttemp and Coretemp rhythms were largely moderated by age and sex, with results suggesting that treatment timing could be most critical for therapeutic index in women and in order people.
ThHSFA1 Confers Salt Stress Tolerance through Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Scavenging by Directly Regulating ThWRKY4
Authors: Sun Ting-Ting , Wang Chao , Liu Rui , Zhang Yu , Wang Yu-Cheng , Wang Liu-Qiang 
Published: May 2021

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) play critical roles in several types of environmental stresses. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms in response to salt stress are still largely unknown. In this study, we examined the salt-induced transcriptional responses of ThHSFA1-ThWRKY4 in Tamarix hispida and their functions and regulatory mechanisms in salt tolerance. ThHSFA1 protein acts as an upstream regulator that can directly activate ThWRKY4 expression by binding to the heat shock element (HSE) of the ThWRKY4 promoter using yeast one-hybrid (Y1H), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and dual-luciferase reporter assays. ThHSFA1 and ThWRKY4 expression was significantly induced by salt stress and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment in the roots and leaves of T. hispida. ThHSFA1 is a nuclear-localized protein with transactivation activity at the C-terminus. Compared to nontransgenic plants, transgenic plants overexpressing ThHSFA1 displayed enhanced salt tolerance and exhibited reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and increased antioxidant enzyme activity levels under salt stress. Therefore, we further concluded that ThHSFA1 mediated the regulation of ThWRKY4 in response to salt stress in T. hispida.
Publicidad Social e Inteligencia territorial en el contexto de la propagación de Didymosphenia geminata en las zonas de Villarrica-Pucón y Panguipulli
Authors: Peña Galaz Felipe Ignacio 
Published: May 2021

El Didymosphenia Geminata, desde su aparición en Chile en el año 2010, específicamente en la zona de Futaleufú, es monitoreado por SUBPESCA a través de su Fondo de Investigación Pesquero y Acuicultura (Fipa), de este modo capacita y difunde sobre los efectos de la propagación de la microalga Didymo, la que está presente en Chile entre las regiones del Biobío y Magallanes. La plaga ha sido foco de vigilancia, detección y control, junto a campañas de comunicación y publicidad social por parte de SERNAPESCA y organismos privados de consultoría.
El Didymo es una alga que habita en aguas frías continentales, prospera en una amplia gama de condiciones hidráulicas (Kilroy et al. 2005). La literatura científica la describe como una microalga de gran propagación y al hombre como principal vector de transmisión. Localidades de Villarrica, Pucón y Panguipulli, son zonas declaradas con la plaga Didymo en sus ríos. En este escenario, se elaboró un estudio etnográfico a través de la observación en las localidades mencionadas.
El efecto policía. La episteme policial como modernidad
Authors: Karmy Bolton Rodrigo 
Published: May 2021

El trabajo dispone una serie de elementos teóricos que se dirigen a una puesta en cuestión conjunta tanto de la noción de soberanía así como del carácter policial en el que se despliega. De este modo, el dispositivo policial de la soberanía moderna garantiza la reproducción del orden como un montaje permanente carente de sustancia y soporte. En un segundo momento, el texto muestra la articulación en virtud de la cual la soberanía se configura policialmente a partir de una lógica de administración de los efectos. Finalmente, se acude a la noción de imagen como concepto que, bajo el prisma de la representación, permite a la soberanía erigirse bajo el modo de un espectáculo que mediatiza y escenifica un tipo de sujeto dócil a su racionalidad.
Negros e infectados: teratología y orientalismo en la producción de lo haitiano en medios de comunicación durante la pandemia Covid-19 en Chile
Authors: Calquín Donoso Claudia 
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo de reflexión discuto y problematizo las estrategias y representaciones discursivas de “lo haitiano” en algunas noticias sobre el contagio del Covid-19 en Chile. A partir de los conceptos de standpoint, nomadismo, orientalismo y otras conceptualizaciones elaboradas por los estudios críticos de la raza y la blanquitud (SWC), analizo la producción política de la diferencia cultural en los medios informativos, y su performatividad para la conformación de posiciones-sujetos del yo y lo otro, así como sus efectos de estigmatización y exclusión de las comunidades migrantes racializadas. Cruza el ensayo, la crítica a las políticas de integración y el rescate de la potencia afirmativa de los otros y lo monstruoso como claves para una política queer de la raza.
PERSIAPAN PESERTA UJIAN MENGHADAPI UJI KOMPETENSI NASIONAL DIII KEBIDANAN
Authors: Fitria Rahmah 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to look at the phenomenon of participant’s efforts in preparation for the National Diploma III Midwifery National competency test. The National Competency Test is an effort to measure the final result in the form of an outcome as a standard for measuring the knowledge, skills, and behavior of students in health institutions. This research used a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. Data collection using the Snowball Sampling technique and collected using in-depth interviews conducted in a semi-structure. Data analysis refers to the constant comparative method and reliability is believed using triangulation. The results of the study revealed that all parties agreed with the policy of holding a national competency test but the participants opposed being carried out as an exit exam. The preparation that the exam participants did to face the Diploma III Midwifery National competency test used 3 methods, they were the private institution tutoring program, Self Directed Learning, and Institutional Guidance.

Keywords: National Competency Test; Midwife Competency Test; Midwifery Diploma; Exam Preparation.
ABSTRAK

Penelitian bertujuan melihat fenomena upaya persiapan peserta mempersiapkan diri menghadapi uji kompetensi nasional DIII Kebidanan. Uji Kompetensi Nasional adalah suatu upaya pengukuran hasil akhir berupa outcome sebagai standar untuk mengukur pengetahuan, keterampilan dan perilaku peserta didik pada institusi bidang kesehatan. Desain penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik Snowball Sampling dan dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara mendalam yang dilakukan secara semistruktur (Semistructure Interview). Analisis data mengacu pada constant comparative method dan kreabilitas diyakini dengan cara triangulasi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa semua pihak setuju dengan kebijakan diadakan uji kompetensi nasional tetapi peserta ujian menentang dilaksanakan sebagai exit exam. Persiapan yang peserta ujian lakukan untuk menghadapi uji kompetensi nasional DIII Kebidanan menggunakan Tiga metode yaitu mengikuti program lembaga swasta bimbingan belajar, Self Directed Learning dan Bimbingan Institusi.

Kata kunci: Uji Kompetensi Nasional, Ukom Bidan, DIII Kebidanan, Persiapan Peserta Ujian.
LATIHAN FISIK PENDERITA DM TERHADAP PENURUNAN KONSENTRASI GLUKOSA DARAH, LDL DAN PENINGKATAN HDL
Authors: Soep Soep 
Published: May 2021

Latar belakang; Diabetes melitus merupakan sindrom metabolisme yang dikarakteristikkan dengan kehilangan homeostatis glukosa sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan pada metabolisme glukosa, kolesterol, LDL dan HDL. Latihan fisik merupakan salah satu pilar penatalaksanaan DM. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan fisik terhadap kadar glukosa, kolesterol total, LDL dan HDL. Metode Penelitian; Penelitian ini merupakan Kuasi-Eksperimental dengan rancangan pre-post-test group design. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu 47 orang. Latihan fisik dilaksanakan selama 4 minggu,5 kali/minggu dengan durasi 30 menit. Hasil Penelitian; Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh latihan fisik pada penderita DM terhadap penurunan glukosa darah, LDL dan peningkatan HDL di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Medan Helvetia dengan nilai p<0,05. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan masukan bagi dalam pengambilan kebijakan dan peningkatan mutu pelayanan petugas kesehatan dalam menyelenggarakan kegiatan olah raga bagi penderita diabetes mellitus sebagai bagian dari penatalaksanaan diabetes mellitus dalam mengontrol gula darah dan profil lipid.
Pestis: The Collective Challenges of Epidemics
Authors: Ferreira Carlos Miguel , Serpa Sandro , Ferraz Jorge 
Published: May 2021

Currently, COVID-19 is perceived as an epidemic, a new «plague», referring to the matrix metaphor of the pestis expressed in the series contagion – death – fear – isolation. This article aims to understand the multiple collective challenges posed by plague epidemics. The analysis of these challenges may contribute to the reflection on several dimensions that shape the COVID-19 pandemic threat. Individuals interpret the different pasts aiming to solve the problems they face in the present. The collective challenges that the political and medical «management» of the plague place are shaped by circumstantial coalitions of diverse interests, enabling the recognition, demarcation, and legitimisation of actions regarding its public management and control, materialised in concrete health policies, such as the development of several specific devices (isolation, health cordons, lazarettos, quarantine), thus intervening in the configuration of «collective management» of epidemics.

Received: 20 November 2020 / Accepted: 22 March 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021
The Aspect of Mobility and Connectivity While Assessing the Neighbourhood Sustainability
Authors: Verovšek Špela , Zupančič Tadeja , Juvančič Matevž , Petrovčič Simon , Svetina Matija , Janež Miha , Pušnik Žiga , Bajec Iztok Lebar , Moškon Miha 
Published: May 2021

The rapid evolution of information and communications technologies has brought the potential held by urban analytics up to a higher level and thus promises more well-informed decisions, including advances in the assessment methodologies and monitoring based on existing data and its reuse. The paper provides an insight into an ongoing national research project examining the assessment methodologies and data integration for the purpose of monitoring the progress as regards sustainability and quality in urban environments. Specifically, we focus on the level of the neighbourhoods; by measuring the extent to which the built environment comprehends the required characteristics and configuration for efficiency, or contribute to quality living and sustainability. Current study covers the aspect of efficient mobility and connectivity, revealing the potential of the location-based data provided by mobile devices and associated infrastructures. While such data are widely recognised as a beneficial source of information in various fields and solid advances have been made in both analytics and modelling, little progresses has been seen in exploiting that potential as regards sustainability assessment tools. This study examines the viability of indicators addressing travel time reliability throughout the empirical testbed, exemplified by six strategic routes associated with three neighbourhoods in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The paper summarizes current progress of the study.

Received: 21 January 2021 / Accepted: 22 March 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021
Albania and the Education Policies of Italy from the Beginning Until the End of the 30s of the Twentieth Century in Archival Documents and in the Albanian Press in General
Authors: Sota Jani , Lutaj Lindita 
Published: May 2021

This paper is dedicated to the education policies of Italy for the expansion and consolidation of Italian schools in Albania, from the point of view of archival documents and the Albanian press at that time. The study focuses primarily on the efforts of the Italian government to organize the education system, establish schools, prepare programs and textbooks, equip schools with the necessary acts, etc., as an attempt to outline the European profile of education in Albania after 1912. As a part of the general analysis on the effects of the Italian schools on the life of Albanian society, would undoubtedly be the analysis of the "individual" type that it produced. On the one hand, the changes after the World War I generated a complex, renewed and more productive national education, but on the other hand, it was highly dependent on the Italian-Albanian education policies, and consequently, oriented towards a more open education system which promoted the cultural tendencies and aspirations of the Albanian nation. New democratic developments in Albania, gave us the opportunity to shed light on Italian-Albanian education policies within the context of the Italian-Albanian relations. Thanks to this, prominent figures left in oblivion, their work for the spread of new pedagogical ideas and the development of Western schools are given the acknowledgment that they deserve. The tendency to embrace and adapt those policies to the conditions of Albania of that time, reflect the important phenomenon of its developments and intellectual thought, so that the school could help more in the civilization and education of the Albanian society.

Received: 12 January 2021 / Accepted: 31 March 2021 / Published: 10 May 2021