bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between age, sex, and severity of Coronavirus disease-19 based on chest computed tomography severity scoring system
Authors: Farghaly Shimaa , Makboul Marwa 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most recent global health emergency; early diagnosis of COVID-19 is very important for rapid clinical interventions and patient isolation; chest computed tomography (CT) plays an important role in screening, diagnosis, and evaluating the progress of the disease. According to the results of different studies, due to high severity of the disease, clinicians should be aware of the different potential risk factors associated with the fatal outcome, so chest CT severity scoring system was designed for semi-quantitative assessment of the severity of lung disease in COVID-19 patients, ranking the pulmonary involvement on 25 points severity scale according to extent of lung abnormalities; this study aims to evaluate retrospectively the relationship between age and severity of COVID-19 in both sexes based on chest CT severity scoring system.

Results
Age group C (40–49 year) was the commonest age group that was affected by COVID-19 by 21.3%, while the least affected group was group F (≥ 70 years) by only 6.4%. As regards COVID-RADS classification, COVID-RADS-3 was the most commonly presented at both sexes in all different age groups. Total CT severity lung score had a positive strong significant correlation with the age of the patient (r = 0.64, P < 0.001). Also, a positive strong significant correlation was observed between CT severity lung score and age in both males and females (r = 0.59, P < 0.001) and (r = 0.69, P < 0.001) respectively.

Conclusion
We concluded that age can be considered as a significant risk factor for the severity of COVID-19 in both sexes. Also, CT can be used as a significant diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of COVID-19 and evaluation of the progression and severity of the disease.
Compounds of Citrus medica and Zingiber officinale for COVID-19 inhibition: in silico evidence for cues from Ayurveda
Authors: Haridas M. , Sasidhar Vijith , Nath Prajeesh , Abhithaj J. , Sabu A. , Rammanohar P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
The nasal carriage of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported as the key factor transmitting COVID-19. Interventions that can reduce viral shedding from the nasopharynx could potentially mitigate the severity of the disease and its contagiousness. Herbal formulation of Citrus medica and Zingiber officinale is recommended in an Ayurvedic text as a nasal rinse in the management of contagious fevers. These herbs are also indicated in the management of respiratory illnesses and have been attributed with activity against pathogenic organisms in other texts. Molecular docking studies of the phytocompounds of C. medica and Z. officinale were done to find out whether these compounds could inhibit the receptor binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S protein) as well as the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), as evidenced from their docking into binding/active sites.

Results
The proteins of SARS-CoV-2, essential for its entry into human cells and highly expressed in the goblet and ciliated cells of nasal epithelium, play a significant role in contagiousness of the virus. Docking studies indicated that the specific compounds present in C. medica and Z. officinale have significant affinity in silico to spike protein of virus and ACE-2 receptor in the host.

Conclusion
In silico studies suggest that the phytochemical compounds in C. medica and Z. officinale may have good potential in reducing viral load and shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in the nasal passages. Further studies are recommended to test its efficacy in humans for mitigating the transmission of COVID-19.
Clinical Calculator Based on Molecular and Clinicopathologic Characteristics Predicts Recurrence Following Resection of Stage I-III Colon Cancer
Authors: Weiser Martin R. , Hsu Meier , Bauer Philip S. , Chapman William C. , González Iván A. , Chatterjee Deyali , Lingam Deepak , Mutch Matthew G. , Keshinro Ajaratu , Shia Jinru , Vakiani Efsevia , Konishi Tsuyoshi , Shimada Yoshifumi , Stadler Zsofia , Segal Neil H. , Cercek Andrea , Saltz Leonard , Yaeger Rona , Varghese Anna , Widmar Maria , Wei Iris H. , Pappou Emmanouil P. , Smith J. Joshua , Nash Garrett , Paty Philip , Garcia-Aguilar Julio , Gonen Mithat 
Published: January 2021

PURPOSE Clinical calculators and nomograms have been endorsed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC), as they provide the most individualized and accurate estimate of patient outcome. Using molecular and clinicopathologic variables, a third-generation clinical calculator was built to predict recurrence following resection of stage I-III colon cancer. METHODS Prospectively collected data from 1,095 patients who underwent colectomy between 2007 and 2014 at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center were used to develop a clinical calculator. Discrimination was measured with concordance index, and variability in individual predictions was assessed with calibration curves. The clinical calculator was externally validated with a patient cohort from Washington University's Siteman Cancer Center in St Louis. RESULTS The clinical calculator incorporated six variables: microsatellite genomic phenotype; AJCC T category; number of tumor-involved lymph nodes; presence of high-risk pathologic features such as venous, lymphatic, or perineural invasion; presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes; and use of adjuvant chemotherapy. The concordance index was 0.792 (95% CI, 0.749 to 0.837) for the clinical calculator, compared with 0.708 (95% CI, 0.671 to 0.745) and 0.757 (0.715 to 0.799) for the staging schemes of the AJCC manual's 5th and 8th editions, respectively. External validation confirmed robust performance, with a concordance index of 0.738 (95% CI, 0.703 to 0.811) and calibration plots of predicted probability and observed events approaching a 45° diagonal. CONCLUSION This third-generation clinical calculator for predicting cancer recurrence following curative colectomy successfully incorporates microsatellite genomic phenotype and the presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, resulting in improved discrimination and predictive accuracy. This exemplifies an evolution of a clinical calculator to maintain relevance by incorporating emerging variables as they become validated and accepted in the oncologic community.
Development of Metal Complexes Equipped with Structurally Flexible Carbenes
Authors: Hoshimoto Yoichi , Ogoshi Sensuke 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We herein summarize our recent results on the design and application of metal complexes that bear N-phosphine-oxide-substituted imidazolylidenes (PoxIms), in which the volume and shape of the reaction space around the carbene atoms can be drastically changed via the rotation of the N-phosphinoyl groups; this phenomenon is discussed in detail based on experimental and theoretical results. We also discuss the application of PoxIms to implement the frustration revival strategy via the synthesis of external stimuli-responsive Lewis acid–base adducts that are comprised of PoxIms and B(C6F5)3, as well as to the phosphinoylation of CO2 and carbonyl compounds. The results presented in this Account have expanded the frontiers of multifunctional N-heterocyclic carbenes, which had previously been employed mainly as multidentate ligands for metal complexes.
Inertial Load Power Cycling Training Increases Muscle Mass and Aerobic Power in Older Adults
Authors: ALLEN JAKOB R. , SATIROGLU REMZI , FICO BRANDON , TANAKA HIROFUMI , VARDARLI EMRE , LUCI JEFFREY J. , COYLE EDWARD F. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Reductions in skeletal muscle mass, beginning after the third decade of life, reduce maximal neuromuscular power (Pmax). Maximal aerobic power generation is also reduced. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of maximal power cycling (PC) training using an inertial load ergometer on skeletal muscle mass and cardiovascular function in untrained 50- to 68-yr-old participants.

Methods
The study used a pre- or postoutcome exercise intervention testing untrained 50- to 68-yr-old adults (n = 39, M = 15, mean ± SE = 58.5 ± 0.8, range = 50–68 yr). Over the course of 8 wk, participants performed 15 min of training 3 times per week. Each session involved repeated (15–30 times) 4-s sprints of PC. Measurements were thigh muscle volume, total body lean mass, Pmax, peak oxygen consumption, cardio-ankle vascular index, performance on functional tests of living (FTLChair and FTLRamp), and intermuscular fat volume.

Results
Training for 8 wk increased thigh muscle volume (3.7% ± 0.9%, P < 0.001) and total body lean mass (1.5% ± 0.4%, P < 0.01) while increasing total body mass (TBM) (1.4% ± 0.3%, P < 0.01). Physical performance measures increased significantly (all P < 0.05) with improvements in Pmax (12.0% ± 1.5%); peak oxygen consumption (9.8% ± 1.8%), and FTL (8.5% ± 1.3% to 17.2% ± 2%). Cardio-ankle vascular index was significantly decreased −2.3% ± 1.1% (P < 0.05), indicating reduced arterial stiffness.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that 8 wk of PC training at true maximal power was effective at increasing muscle mass and maximal power, as well as maximal cardiovascular capacity and functional tasks in untrained 50- to 68-yr-olds.
Episomal reprogramming of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients derived CD3+ T cells towards induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Zehravi Mehwish , Wahid Mohsin , Ashraf Junaid 
Published: January 2021

Objective: To derive Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from CD3+T cells of DMD patients using episomal reprogramming and characterization of these DMD-iPSCs using immunofluorescence to confirm their pluripotent state.
Methods: DMD patients were selected based upon their clinical history and examination. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral blood of DMD patients (n=3) by density gradient centrifugation and were used to generate DMD patient specific T cells (DMD-T cells) using rhIL-2, plate bound anti CD3 antibody and T cell specific media along with specific culture conditions that promote T cell expansion. CD3+ T cells were characterized by flow cytometry and reprogrammed using episomal plasmid to generate DMD-iPSCs. These DMD-iPSCs were characterized using immunofluorescence. The study was carried out at Dow Research Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences during August 2017- July 2018 for a period of approximately 12 months.
Results: The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) derived T cells appeared as suspended cell clumps morphologically were positive for the expression of CD3 and negative for CD31. The DMD patient specific iPSCs appeared as round, compact and flat colonies with well-defined edges morphologically and were positive for the expression of pluripotency markers OCT4, SSEA-4 and TRA-1-81 on immunofluorescence.
Conclusion: CD3+ T cell derived DMD-iPSCs were obtained under feeder free and xeno-free culture conditions using episomal reprogramming.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3388
How to cite this:Zehravi M, Wahid M, Ashraf J. Episomal reprogramming of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients derived CD3+ T cells towards induced pluripotent stem cells. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):432-438. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3388
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Evaluation of the combination of a biofilm-disrupting agent and negative pressure wound therapy: a case series
Authors: Serena Thomas E , Jalodi Omar , Serena Laura , Patel Keyur , Mynti Matthew 
Published: January 2021

Objective: Approximately three million people in the US have hard-to-heal pressure ulcers (PUs), including 10% of hospitalised patients. Healing depends on ulcer stage and patient comorbidities. Despite advances in nutrition and wound care, PUs can take months or years to reach complete closure. To date, clinical studies have focused on single modality therapy. However, there is no one therapy that can address all of the deficits in these complex, hard-to-heal wounds. A commonly used treatment for PUs, negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), has demonstrated improved healing in Stage 3 and 4 PUs. NPWT entails applying suction to a porous sponge fitted into the wound cavity and sealed with an occlusive dressing. Negative pressure facilitates wound healing by removing wound fluid containing harmful proteases, stimulating the formation of granulation tissue and promoting wound contracture. However, it does not affect biofilm formation. We hypothesised that adding an antibiofilm agent might increase the effectiveness of NPWT in recalcitrant PUs. Method: A prospective case series was conducted in outpatient wound care centres and a skilled nursing facility to examine the combination of a biofilm-disrupting antimicrobial agent (Blast-X, Next Science, US) in combination with NPWT (VAC, 3M, US) in healing and reducing bacterial burden in treatment-resistant pressure ulcers. Patients consented to application of the antibiofilm agent and NPWT three times per week for four weeks. The wounds were measured, imaged for bacteria and tested for host and bacterial protease activity weekly. Results: Of the 10 patients, four dropped out of the study before the end of the four weeks. Of the remaining six, four patients experienced a reduction in wound surface area and volume, reduced protease activity and lower bacterial levels. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that multimodal therapy, including NPWT and biofilm disruption, may restart the healing of stagnant treatment-resistant PUs.
Advantages and Limitations of Seismic Refraction Method Using Hammer Sources
Authors: Washima Awuha , A. M George , Anti Kur , Luper Tsenum Joseph 
Published: January 2021

The seismic refraction surveying method uses seismic energy that returns to the surface after traveling through the ground along refracted ray paths. The first arrival of seismic energy at a detector offset from a seismic source always represents either a direct ray or a refracted ray. This fact allows simple refraction surveys to be performed in which attention is concentrated solely on the first arrival (or onset) of seismic energy, and timedistance plots of these first arrivals are interpreted to derive information on the depth to refracting interfaces. this simple approach does not always yield a full or accurate picture of the subsurface. In such circumstances more complex interpretations may be applied. The method is normally used to locate refracting interfaces (refractors) separating layers of different seismic velocity, but the method is also applicable in cases where velocity varies smoothly as a function of depth or laterally.Despite the numerous limitation of hammer seismic refraction survey, the technique is still very much in use due to the various aspects in which it is found advantageous. The most pronounce advantage of the refraction method is that it gives directly the velocities of the refracting beds. Which are needed in the depth interpretation.
This this work reveals that even though there are several problem of this technique, there are also a lot of advantages, one of which is that it is the most readily available seismic energy source we can lay hands on.Hammer source is a low energy source whose use is restricted to shallow survey. Due to weak energy generated,only the first few layers of the ground subsurface can be detected. It provides only the picture of the bedrock configuration. When there arises problems such as noise, irregularities in the shallow bedrock surface or eroded and weathered rock surface, anisotropic surface, existence of blind zone, velocity reversal with depth, and when the boundary between the interfaces are non-parallel, then correction measures are necessary to improve on the results obtained. Ambiguities do occur in this technique hence it requires thought, care, a high degree of skill and a good sense of judgment.These shortcomings are not enough to dismiss the use of the hammer source in seismic refraction method as its results has been shown to be useful in solving civil engineering and hydrogeological problems. The method is economical in cost, time and area of coverage. It poses no danger to the environment to which the work is done, or neither personnel nor damage to instruments used. This work has not only enumerated the limitations and advantages of seismic refraction method using hammer source but has also made suggestions to aid in the basic problem of the method, like dipping layers, blind zone, velocity inversion occurrence and noise control.
Multiplexed supercell metasurface design and optimization with tandem residual networks
Authors: Yeung Christopher , Tsai Ju-Ming , King Brian , Pham Benjamin , Ho David , Liang Julia , Knight Mark W. , Raman Aaswath P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractComplex nanophotonic structures hold the potential to deliver exquisitely tailored optical responses for a range of applications. Metal–insulator–metal (MIM) metasurfaces arranged in supercells, for instance, can be tailored by geometry and material choice to exhibit a variety of absorption properties and resonant wavelengths. With this flexibility, however, comes a vast space of design possibilities that classical design paradigms struggle to effectively navigate. To overcome this challenge, here, we demonstrate a tandem residual network approach to efficiently generate multiplexed supercells through inverse design. By using a training dataset with several thousand full-wave electromagnetic simulations in a design space of over three trillion possible designs, the deep learning model can accurately generate a wide range of complex supercell designs given a spectral target. Beyond inverse design, the presented approach can also be used to explore the structure–property relationships of broadband absorption and emission in such supercell configurations. Thus, this study demonstrates the feasibility of high-dimensional supercell inverse design with deep neural networks, which is applicable to complex nanophotonic structures composed of multiple subunit elements that exhibit coupling.
Synthesis and crystal structure of oktakis(dimethylsulphoxide-κ1
O)gadolinium(III) [tetrabromido-μ2-bromido-μ2-sulfido-di-μ3-sulfido-μ4-sulfido-tetracopper(I)-tungsten(VI)], C16H48O8S12Br5Cu4GdW
Authors: Ye Yunfeng , Tang Guodong , Qian Jun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
C16H48O8S12Br5Cu4GdW, monoclinic, P21 (no. 4), a = 11.576(2) Å, b = 12.407(3) Å, c = 17.582(3) Å, β = 100.76(3)°, V = 2480.8(9) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0446, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1169, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of (E)-2-chloro-6-(((1,3-dihydroxy-2-(oxidomethyl)propan-2-yl)imino)methyl)phenolate-κ3N,O,O’)manganese(IV), C22H24Cl2MnN2O8
Authors: Xu Xindi , Wang Xia , Tian Hui , Wang Man , Wu Qiong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractC22H24Cl2MnN2O8, monoclinic,C2/c(no. 15),a = 11.0944(4) Å,b = 18.2945(9) Å,c = 11.9283(5) Å,β = 114.3299(12)°,V = 2206.03(16) Å3,Z = 4,Rgt(F) = 0.0305,wRref(F2) = 0.0791,T = 150.0 K.
Review on Alternatives of Aggregates with Alternative Materials in Eastern Africa
Authors: Ngandu Cornelius Ngunjiri 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Normal concrete, with bulky aggregate generally results to large amount of energy and natural resource requirement. Normal aggregates mining and river sand extraction, if done in unsustainably, potentially results in adverse environmental, health or hazardous impacts. There is therefore the need to research and utilize alternative more sustainable construction materials.
This main aim is to review properties of alternative aggregate or mixes with those aggregates within Eastern Africa. In this study, 23 reviews, at optimum aggregate replacement using volcanic materials, crushed rock sand and also fired bone generally indicated good strength performance. Majority of the alternative materials mixes presented indicated higher water absorption, lower slumps/workability and density, compared with the reference. Lower slump could affect compaction, strength or increase costs. Appropriate cost-effective admixtures or plasticizers are recommended while materials exhibiting lower strengths could be explored for non-structural use. Utilization of recycled waste for aggregate could help address resource scarcity and reduce construction environmental footprint.
There should be more research and development of proper procedures and techniques so as to ensure adequate bondage, optimal water/cement ratio and compaction and also use of cost-effective admixtures.
Morphometry of Cortical Neurons in Acute Clozapine and Ethanol Poisoning
Authors: Bashirova A. R. , Sundukov D. V. , Babkina A. S. , Golubev M. A. , Telipov I. N. 
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study is to summarize the histology and morphometry of cortical neurons in acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning.Material and methods. Histological examination of the parietal cortical brain samples of 26 patients died during the Day 1 of acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning (23 males and 3 females aged 22-63 years) was performed. The blood ethanol level was 1.4-4.1%o. The level of clozapine in the blood ranged between 0.24 and 5.8 mg%, in the liver between 0.097 and 6.5 mg%, in kidneys between 0.03 and 3.5 mg%. The cortical samples for morphometric examination were placed in 10% neutral paraformaldehyde, the histological sections were done and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, as well as according to Niessl. The morphological analysis was performed using the video light microscopy. The number of damaged neurons (with separate quantification of reversible, intermediate, and irreversible damage) was assessed. The statistical analysis was done using the non-parametric methods.Results. The signs of brain neuronal damage in acute clozapine and ethanol poisoning, as well as forensic chemical tests, might be used for establishing the direct cause of death.