bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Old and ancient trees are life history lottery winners and act as evolutionary buffers against long-term environmental change
Authors: Cannon Charles H. , Piovesan Gianluca , Munné-Bosch Sergi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTrees can live many centuries with sustained fecundity and death is largely stochastic. We use a neutral stochastic model to examine the demographic patterns that emerge over time, across a range of population sizes and empirically observed mortality rates. A small proportion of trees (∼1% at 1.5% mortality) are life-history ‘lottery’ winners, achieving ages >10-20x median age. Maximum age increases with bigger populations and lower mortality rates. One quarter of trees (∼24%) achieve ages that are 3-4 times greater than median age. Three age classes (Mature, Old, and Ancient) contribute unique historical diversity across complex environmental cycles. Ancient trees are an emergent property of forests that requires many centuries to generate. They rradically change generation time variance and population fitness, bridging infrequent environmental cycles. These life-history ‘lottery’ winners are vital to future forest dynamics and invaluable data about environmental history and individual longevity. Old-growth forests contain trees that cannot be replaced through restoration or regeneration in the near future. They simply must be protected to preserve their unique diversity.
Rare Variant Aggregation in 148,508 Exomes Identifies Genes Associated with Proxy Alzheimer’s disease/Dementia
Authors: Wightman Douglas P , Savage Jeanne E , de Leeuw Christiaan A , Jansen Iris E , Posthuma Danielle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractProxy phenotypes allow for the utilization of genetic data from large population cohorts to analyze late-onset diseases by using parental diagnoses as a proxy for genetic disease risk. Proxy phenotypes based on parental diagnosis status have been used in previous studies to identify common variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease. As of yet, proxy phenotypes have not been used to identify genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease through rare variants. Here we show that a proxy Alzheimer’s disease/dementia phenotype can capture known Alzheimer’s disease risk genes through rare variant aggregation. We generated a proxy Alzheimer’s disease/dementia phenotype for 148,508 unrelated individuals of European ancestry in the UK biobank in order to perform exome-wide rare variant aggregation analyses to identify genes associated with proxy Alzheimer’s disease/dementia. We identified four genes significantly associated with the proxy phenotype, three of which were significantly associated with proxy Alzheimer’s disease/dementia in an independent replication cohort consisting of 197,506 unrelated individuals of European ancestry in the UK biobank. All three of the replicated genes have been previously associated with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease (SORL1, TREM2, and TOMM40/APOE). We show that proxy Alzheimer’s disease/dementia can be used to identify genes associated with Alzheimer’s disease through rare variant aggregation.
SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Preventive Methods Efficacy - A Simulation Case Study
Authors: Saad Malak , Boctor Emad M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe world has been facing the SARS-CoV-2, a.k.a. COVID-19, pandemic with different preventive methods including social distancing, face masking, screening tests (a.k.a. active surveillance), and vaccination. There are many publications and studies on the efficacy of each of these preventive methods for the last couple of years. Not all methods are readily available in each country and not all methods are accepted by all people in each society.In this study, we explore the interaction of the three preventive methods: face masking, vaccinations, and screening tests. We study a confined space to represent schools, businesses, or healthcare facilities and we model the spread of the COVID-19 virus for a 60-day period among a sample population while varying the percentage of people adopting one or more of the three preventive methods.To interpret the simulation results, we define a (Health Goal) target, for example achieving <5% infection rate, i.e., protecting 95% or more of the sample population. We then construct a (Decision Tree) that depicts all valid combinations that achieve this goal. Multiple scenarios are derived from the decision tree to guide decision makers in drawing effective policies to contain the virus spread. We demonstrate a ramping vaccination rate scenario, a removal of the face-masking mandate scenario, and a cost-minimizing goal scenario.The study highlights the efficacy of combining the three prevention methods to constrain the virus spread among the sample population. For example, results show that a combination of 0% vaccination rate, 6% daily screening test rate, and 80% face masking rate will achieve the target ≥95 protection rate, which can represent a scenario in which vaccination is not yet readily available. As the vaccination rate ramps up to 80% among the sample population, the screening test rate can be 0%, while the face masking rate can be as low as 5% to still achieve the health target. Many other scenarios are derived from this study to meet the defined health target, which represents the flexibility afforded to policy and decision makers when trying to adopt a combination of these preventive methods to contain virus spread.The study also reveals the higher efficiency of either the vaccination or screening test over face masking under the assumed virus transmissibility rates in the study.
Imaging-induced stress causes divergent phase transitions of RNA binding proteins in the C. elegans germ line
Authors: Elaswad Mohamed T. , Munderloh Chloe , Watkins Brooklynne M. , Sharp Katherine G. , Breton Elizabeth , Schisa Jennifer A. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTOne emerging paradigm of cellular organization of RNA and RNA binding proteins is the formation of membraneless organelles (MLOs). Examples of MLOs include several types of ribonucleoprotein granules that form via phase separation. A variety of intracellular pH changes and post-translational modifications, as well as extracellular stresses can stimulate the condensation of proteins into granules. For example, the assembly of stress granules induced by oxidative stress, osmotic stress, and heat stress has been well-characterized in a variety of somatic cell types. In the germ line, similar stress-induced condensation of proteins occurs; however, less is known about the role of phase separation during gamete production. Researchers who study phase transitions often make use of fluorescent reporters to study the dynamics of RNA binding proteins during live-cell imaging. In this report, we demonstrate that certain conditions of live-imaging C. elegans can cause an inadvertent stress and trigger phase transitions of RNA binding proteins. We show that imaging stress stimulates decondensation of multiple germ granule proteins, and condensation of several P-body proteins. Proteins within larger RNP granules in meiotically-arrested oocytes do not appear to be as sensitive to imaging stress as proteins in diakinesis oocytes of young hermaphrodites, with the exception of the germ granule protein PGL-1. Our results have important methodological implications for all researchers using live-cell imaging techniques. The data also suggest that the RNA binding proteins within large RNP granules of arrested oocytes may have distinct phases which we characterize in our companion paper.
The ASCC2 CUE domain contacts adjacent ubiquitins to recognize K63-linked polyubiquitin
Authors: Lombardi Patrick M. , Haile Sara , Rusanov Timur , Rodell Rebecca , Anoh Rita , Baer Julia G. , Burke Kate A. , Gray Lauren N. , Hacker Abigail R. , Kebreau Kayla R. , Ngandu Christine K. , Orland Hannah A. , Osei-Asante Emmanuella , Schmelyun Dhane P. , Shorb Devin E. , Syed Shaheer H. , Veilleux Julianna M. , Majumdar Ananya , Mosammaparast Nima , Wolberger Cynthia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAlkylation of DNA and RNA is a potentially toxic lesion that can result in mutations and cell death. In response to alkylation damage, K63-linked polyubiquitin chains are assembled that localize the ALKBH3-ASCC repair complex to damage sites in the nucleus. The protein ASCC2, a subunit of the ASCC complex, selectively binds K63-linked polyubiquitin chains using its CUE domain, a type of ubiquitin-binding domain that typically binds monoubiquitin and does not discriminate among different polyubiquitin linkage types. We report here that the ASCC2 CUE domain selectively binds K63-linked diubiquitin by contacting both the distal and proximal ubiquitin. Whereas the ASCC2 CUE domain binds the distal ubiquitin in a manner similar to that reported for other CUE domains bound to a single ubiquitin, the contacts with the proximal ubiquitin are unique to ASCC2. The N-terminal portion of the ASCC2 α1 helix, including residues E467 and S470, contributes to the binding interaction with the proximal ubiquitin of K63-linked diubiquitin. Mutation of residues within the N-terminal portion of the ASCC2 α1 helix decreases ASCC2 recruitment in response to DNA alkylation, supporting the functional significance of these interactions during the alkylation damage response.
Preparatory attention incorporates contextual expectations
Authors: Gayet Surya , Peelen Marius V. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryHumans are remarkably proficient at finding objects within a complex visual world. Current theories of attentional selection propose that this ability is mediated by target-specific preparatory activity in visual cortex, biasing visual processing in favor of the target object. In real-world situations, however, the retinal image that any object will produce is unknown in advance; its size, for instance, varies dramatically with the object’s distance from the observer. Using fMRI, we show that preparatory activity is systematically modulated by expectations derived from scene context. Human participants searched for objects at different distances in scenes. Activity patterns in object-selective cortex during search preparation (while no objects were presented), resembled activity patterns evoked by viewing targets object in isolation. Crucially, this preparatory activity was modulated by distance, reflecting the predicted retinal image of the object at each distance. These findings reconcile current theories of attentional selection with the challenges of real-world vision.HighlightsVisual cortex contains object-specific representations during search preparation.We demonstrate this for the first time during concurrent visual scene processing.Preparatory object representations are scaled to account for viewing distance.Preparatory biases reflect the predicted retinal image inferred from scene context.eTOC blurbAttentional selection is thought to be mediated by target-specific preparatory activity in visual cortex. Gayet and Peelen provide evidence that such preparatory biases incorporate contextual expectations about object appearance, reconciling attention theories with the challenges of naturalistic vision.
Development of a 3D printing method for the textile hybrid structure
Authors: Kang Jihye Deborah , Kim Sungmin 
Published: October 2021

PurposeThe development of a 3D printing method for the textile hybrid structure that can both be a solution to the conventional drawbacks of 3D printing method and a step forward to a garment making industry.Design/methodology/approachA novel 3D printing method using the textile hybrid structure was developed to generate 3D object without support structures.Findings3D printing of curved panels without support structure was possible by using fabric tension and residual stress.Practical implicationsGarment panels can be 3D printed without support structures by utilizing the idea of textile hybrid structure. Garment panels are expected to be modelled and printed easily using the Garment Panel Printer (GPP) software developed in this study.Social implications3D printing method developed in the study is expected to reduce the time and material previously needed for support structures.Originality/valueComprehensive preparatory experiments were made to determine the design parameters. Various experiments were designed to test the feasibility and validity of proposed method.
The existential mindset for corporate survival and growth: innovation and resilience
Authors: Allio Robert J. 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
The author addresses the looming question in the digital era: Can long-established firms adopt an existential mindset that enables them to survive and prosper?

Design/methodology/approach
Disruptors take advantage of significant changes in the traditional value drivers in an existing market. The success of long-established companies often inhibits innovation, and most mature organizations struggle to excel.

Findings
Greater reliance on controlled experiments can mitigate the failures of innovation based primarily on focus group research.

Practical/implications
Competitors can be transformed into collaborators in many parts of the value chain, and alliances are outperforming the more conventional business development approaches.

Originality/value
The author’s powerful message: Today’s leaders must adopt a new mindset in which bureaucracy is repudiated and responsiveness and adaptability are rewarded.
Profound differences in IgE and IgG recognition of micro‐arrayed allergens in hyper‐IgE syndromes
Authors: Garib Victoria , Ben‐Ali Meriem , Kundi Michael , Curin Mirela , Yaakoubi Roukaya , Ben‐Mustapha Imen , Mekki Najla , Froeschl Renate , Perkmann Thomas , Valenta Rudolf , Barbouche Mohamed‐Ridha 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe specificities of IgE and IgG for allergen molecules in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) have not been investigated in detail.ObjectiveTo study IgE and IgG antibody specificities in patients with defined hyper‐IgE syndromes (HIES) using a comprehensive panel of allergen molecules.MethodsWe used chips containing micro‐arrayed allergen molecules to analyze allergen‐specific IgE and IgG levels in sera from two groups of HIES patients: Autosomal recessive mutations in phosphoglucomutase‐3 (PGM3); Autosomal dominant negative mutations of STAT3 (STAT3); and age‐matched subjects with allergic sensitizations. Assays with rat basophil leukemia cells transfected with human FcεRI were performed to study the biological relevance of IgE sensitizations.ResultsMedian total IgE levels were significantly lower in the sensitized control group (212.9 kU/L) as compared to PGM3 (5042 kU/L) and STAT3 patients (2561 kU/L). However, PGM3 patients had significantly higher allergen‐specific IgE levels and were sensitized to a larger number of allergen molecules as compared to STAT3 patients. Biological relevance of IgE sensitization was confirmed for PGM3 patients by basophil activation testing. PGM3 patients showed significantly lower cumulative allergen‐specific IgG responses in particular to milk and egg allergens as compared to STAT3 patients and sensitized controls whereas total IgG levels were comparable to STAT3 patients and significantly higher than in controls.ConclusionThe analysis with multiple micro‐arrayed allergen molecules reveals profound differences of allergen‐specific IgE and IgG recognition in PGM3 and STAT3 patients which may be useful for classification of IEI and clinical characterization of patients.
Phylogenetic analysis of Myanmar indigenous chickens using mitochondrial D‐loop sequence reveals their characteristics as a genetic resource
Authors: Mon Su Lai Yee , Lwin Moe , Maw Aye Aye , Htun Lat Lat , Bawm Saw , Kawabe Kotaro , Wada Yasuhiko , Okamoto Shin , Shimogiri Takeshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMyanmar indigenous chickens play important roles in food, entertainment, and farm business for the people of Myanmar. In this study, complete mitochondrial D‐loop sequences (1232 bp) were analyzed using 176 chickens, including three indigenous breeds, two fighting cock populations, and three indigenous populations to elucidate genetic diversity and accomplish a phylogenetic analysis of Myanmar indigenous chickens. The average haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 0.948 ± 0.009 and 0.00814 ± 0.00024, respectively, exhibiting high genetic diversity of Myanmar indigenous chickens. Sixty‐four haplotypes were classified as seven haplogroups, with the majority being haplogroup F. The breeds and populations except Inbinwa had multiple maternal haplogroups, suggesting that they experienced no recent purifying selection and bottleneck events. All breeds and populations examined shared haplogroup F. When 232 sequences belonging to haplogroup F (79 from Myanmar and 153 deposited sequences from other Asian countries/region) were analyzed together, the highest genetic diversity was observed in Myanmar indigenous chickens. Furthermore, Myanmar indigenous chickens and red junglefowls were observed in the center of the star‐like median‐joining network of 37 F‐haplotypes, suggesting that Myanmar is one of the origins of haplogroup F. These findings revealed the unique genetic characteristic of Myanmar indigenous chickens as important genetic resources.
What affects consumer behavior in mobile health professional diagnosis applications
Authors: Galetsi Panagiota , Katsaliaki Korina , Kumar Sameer , Ferguson Mark 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn recent years, an increasing number of health diagnosis mobile apps have been developed and marketed to assist health professionals in the process of diagnosis. Yet, there is limited knowledge about the factors and app characteristics that affect their selection from health professionals. In this study, we investigate the specific apps’ market that is addressed to medical professionals/students in order to explain how the specific consumers’ behavior is affected by certain app characteristics and attributes. We based our model on the combination of two theoretical models, the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to investigate the criteria for the intention of adoption of mobile apps in clinical routine. An evaluation framework (MARS) has been used to measure the quality of each app and text processing has been applied to retrieve and code additional informative variables from the descriptions and users’ reviews. To investigate the relationships between app quality, downloads and users’ ratings we used multiple linear regression statistical analysis. The results showed that the number of apps downloads is positively related to users’ usefulness, star rating, and app quality while downloads are also correlated to the number of reviews, long app description, years since first release, and in‐app ads. This study contributes to the information systems and mobile health literature in providing a better understanding of which quality characteristics of mobile apps have an impact on their popularity and evaluation and how their functionalities and quality affect the professionals’ decision process.
LINC00184 plays an oncogenic role in non‐small cell lung cancer via regulation of the miR‐524‐5p/HMGB2 axis
Authors: Wang Wuming , Li Lin , Zhao Long 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNon‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. We aimed to investigate the role of LINC00184 in NSCLC. Migration, proliferation and invasion of NSCLC cells were analysed using the wound healing assay, cell counting kit‐8 assay and transwell assay, respectively. Apoptosis and cell cycle were assessed using flow cytometry. Online bioinformatics tools were utilized to predict downstream microRNAs (miRNA) or genes related to LINC00184 expression. The RNA pull‐down experiment and luciferase reporter assay were performed to verify the predictions thereof. LINC00184, miR‐524‐5p, and high mobility group 2 protein (HMGB2) expression levels in NSCLC tissues and cell lines were detected using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. An NSCLC mouse model was constructed for in vivo experiments. LINC00184 overexpression was observed in NSCLC tissues and cell lines and was found to be correlated with poor prognosis. LINC00184 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, induced cell cycle arrest and accelerated apoptosis in NSCLC cell lines. LINC00184 suppressed tumour growth and proliferation in NSCLC mouse models and directly targeted the miR‐524‐5p/HMGB2 axis. Moreover, the expression levels of LINC00184 and HMGB2 were negatively correlated with miR‐524‐5p expression, whereas LINC00184 expression was positively correlated with HMGB2 expression. LINC00184 affected the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion in NSCLC via regulation of the miR‐524‐5p/HMGB2 axis.
Daily associations between sleep and stressors in nurses with and without children
Authors: Harris Taylor P. , Vigoureux Taylor F. D. , Lee Soomi 
Published: October 2021

SummaryPrevious research shows that adults with children have poorer sleep overall than adults without children. Poorer sleep is associated with experiencing more frequent and severe stressors. The daily link between sleep and stressors may differ by parenting status; yet this potential difference has not been addressed, especially in nurses who provide care both at work and home. This study examined whether the sleep–stress relationship is stronger for nurses with children than those without. During 14 days of ecological momentary assessment, 60 hospital nurses (24 parents) reported their previous night's sleep characteristics upon waking. Three times daily, they also reported whether they encountered any stressors and how severe those stressors were. Associations were assessed at the within‐ and between‐person levels with parenting status as a between‐person moderator. After controlling for covariates, previous night's poorer sleep quality, lower sleep sufficiency, and shorter time in bed were associated with perceiving more frequent or severe stressors the following day. Some of these daily associations were moderated by parenting status, such that the sleep–stressor link was only significant for parents, with the magnitude of association being stronger for those with 2+ children relative to 1 child. These findings suggest that nurses with children are at greater risk for a stronger linkage between poorer sleep and greater stressor frequency and severity. A stronger sleep–stressor relationship could have compounding effects on health. Improving sleep in this group may be critical to reduce their stress and improve the quality of care across work and home.