bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Somatostatin Receptor Ligand and Vitamin B12 Levels in Patients With Acromegaly
Authors: Sahin Serdar , Eskazan Tugce , Cicek Ebru , Ozoguz Yeliz Yagiz , Durcan Emre , Sulu Cem , Ozkaya Hande Mefkure , Hatemi Ali İbrahim , Kadioglu Pinar 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Vitamin B12 causes hematologic and neuropsychiatric disorders, so it is important to evaluate it in risky situations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between somatostatin receptor ligands and vitamin B12 levels in patients with acromegaly.Methods: Patients who were followed up with the diagnosis of acromegaly in the Endocrinology and Metabolism outpatient clinic of Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty were evaluated. Patients were divided into groups according to their somatostatin receptor ligand use status. The groups were evaluated according to their vitamin B12 levels, demographic data, and biochemical parameters.Results: One hundred fifty-two patients were evaluated. Thirteen patients had vitamin B12 deficiency. The majority (11/13) of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency were patients using somatostatin receptor ligand. In addition, the number of patients with vitamin B12 deficiency who received lanreotide autogel treatment was significantly higher compared with patients who did not use somatostatin receptor ligand (p = 0.011). Vitamin B12 levels were higher in patients who received lanreotide autogel treatment than in patients who did not use somatostatin receptor ligand treatment (p = 0.040). There was a negative correlation between vitamin B12 levels and lanreotide autogel use time, cumulative lanreotide autogel dose.Conclusion: It is important to evaluate the level of vitamin B 12 in the follow-up of patients with acromegaly using somatostatin receptor ligand treatment.
Development of Daphnia Magna SSR Markers and Genetic Diversity Analysis Based on RAD-Seq Technology
Authors: Zhang Shengman , Xiong Yiran , Tan Meng , Chen Siwei , Han Zheng , He Wenhui , He Peimin 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Daphnia magna belongs to the Cladocera order and plays an important role in the water ecosystem. With the intensification of water pollution, the wild population of D. magna has declined rapidly in recent years, and insufficient molecular markers have limited effective research and conservation of this species. In our research, 26 novel microsatellite (SSR) markers were developed in an artificially domesticated of D. magna and 12 wild population of D. magna using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). The results showed that the observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.083 to 0.999 and 0.085 to 0.862, respectively. The PIC ranged from 0.368 to 0.805. These results indicate that the developed SSR marker is highly polymorphic. Nei’s genetic identity (H) ranged from 0.0926 to 0.3462, with a mean of 0.2233. Shannon’s Information index (I) ranged from 0.1333 to 0.4799, with an average of 0.3073; Shanxi province had the highest value and Hunan province had the lowest. Genetic distance and Nei’s genetic identity analysis, NJ tree diagram analysis, and PCoA analysis were conducted on populations of D. magna from different regions. The results show that the D. magna genetic relationship between Liaoning and Shanxi, Hunan and Anhui, and Beijing and Hainan is relatively close, while the genetic structure of D. magna in Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Sichuan is quite different from other sampling sites. An analysis of population genetic structure divided the test D. magna samples into two major groups. These results indicate that the genetic diversity of D. magna is rich, and the genetic structure of D. magna differs considerably in different regions. These research results and the newly developed polymorphic SSR markers for D. magna are of great significance in terms of the genetic breeding of D. magna, identification of wild and artificially domesticated population and conservation genetics research.
Survival Outcomes In Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER 2) Positive Breast Cancer Patients At Kenyatta National Hospital
Authors: Tuwei Gloria , Degu Amsalu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: For several years, HER2-positive breast cancer was associated with poor outcomes and higher mortality rates than other breast cancer subtypes. Nevertheless, the advent of Trastuzumab has significantly changed the treatment paradigm of HER2-positive breast cancer. However, it is not an affordable treatment option in sub-Saharan African countries. Besides, there was a lack of comprehensive data about the survival outcomes of HER2-positive breast cancer patients in our setting. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the survival outcomes among HER2-positive breast cancer patients at the Oncology Department of Kenyatta National Hospital.Methods: A hospital-based retrospective cohort design was used to evaluate the survival outcomes, and associated factors among patients with HER2-positive breast cancer admitted between 2015 and 2019 at Kenyatta National Hospital. A total of 50 eligible HER2-positive breast cancer patients were included in the study. In the pre-designed data abstraction tool, the data were collected by reviewing the medical records of the patients. The data were entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 27 software. The mean survival time was estimated using Kaplan Meier survival analysis. Cox regression analysis was employed to estimate the predictors of mortality among HER2-positive breast cancer patients.Results: The study showed that the overall survival rate was 30%, with a significant decrease in the percentage survival rate across the five years. More than half of the study participants (26, 52%) showed cancer progression during the last follow-up period. The present study showed that the mean cancer-specific survival rate among the study patients was 26.74±18.395 months. The study showed that the mean survival time of patients aged below 60 years (32.513 months), without co-morbidities (34.40 months), and the early stage of the disease (50.639 months) was higher than their counterparts. Multivariate cox-regression analysis revealed that advanced stage (AHR=13.1, 95% CI=2.6-66.6, P=0.002 and distant metastasis (AHR=15.0, 95% CI=3.6-62.8, P≤0.001) were the significant predictors of mortality among HER2 positive breast cancer patients.Conclusions: The overall survival rate of HER 2 positive breast cancer was 30%. Advanced stage and distant metastasis were the significant predictors of mortality among HER2-positive breast cancer patients.
Effect of sample thickness on the structural and optical properties of Polyvinyl Chloride/Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite Films for photocatalysis application
Authors: guedri aimane , ZAABAT Mourad , BOUDINE Boubekeur , HAFDALLAH Abdelkader 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Considered Technique spin coating of the most important techniques used to prepare thin films because it is easy to use and inexpensive since it is closely dependent on the number of layers deposited. This work aims to study the effect of samples thickness for nanocomposites of polyvinyl chloride doped with zinc oxide nanoparticles on the structural, optical properties, and photocatalytic activities. Nanocomposite films of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) - zinc oxide (ZnO) with a different number of the deposited layers (15, 20, 25, and 30 layers) were synthesized by a sol-gel method (spin coating) using tetrahydrofuran as a solvent, and investigated by various techniques. X-ray diffraction measurements indicated in the case of 15, 20, and 25 layers do not clearly show the presence of diffraction peaks. On the other hand, in the case of 30 layers, the presence of several peaks is observed, which testify to the presence of ZnO crystallites of wurtzite structure in PVC films. The size of the crystallites is almost equal to 32 nm depending on the working conditions. Raman and infrared spectra confirmed the result of X-ray diffraction on the incorporation of ZnO crystallites in the films produced by showing peaks corresponding to the modes of vibration of the crystal lattice of the ZnO doping semiconductor. Optical transmittance spectra have shown that The layers obtained have an optical transmission varying from 75 to 86% in the visible region of the spectrum. The values of the band gap energies, determined from the transmission spectra for the films deposited on glass, vary between 3.45 and 3.94 eV. The Photoluminescence spectra of ZnO/PVC nanocomposites studied revealed a strong ultraviolet and green luminescence, attributed to structural defects in the zinc oxide. The photocatalytic reaction has been shown using MB in the UV irradiation action of films stacked in an MB solution. The result showed that the 30-layer (PVC / ZnO) sample gave an efficiency to remove MB of 79% at 60 min, Similar to other samples which gave a lower efficiency.
Association of Serum 25(OH)D Levels with Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Chinese adults: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hu Zhiyong , Zhi Xueyuan , Wang Jinxiu , Li Jiafu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Although many cross-sectional studies that have examined the relationship of Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D), there are very few reports for cohort studies. Here, we performed an a prospective cohort study to investigate the effect modification of traditional risk factors on association of serum 25(OH)D with T2D and to determine if addition of serum 25(OH)D improve the risk prediction of T2D. A total of 1926 adults without diabetes were prospectively followed for 36 months in China. During a mean of 36 months of follow-up, 114 participants (5.9%) developed incident T2D. Although no significant relationship was found in total population, stratified analyses indicated that low 25(OH)D levels was associated with increased T2D risk among individuals who were male, overweight/obese, with insufficient physical activity, or normal fasting plasma glucose at baseline. Additive interaction analysis showed that low 25(OH)D levels and insufficient physical activity interacts to increase the risk of T2D (RERI = 0.875, 95% CI: 0.204–1.545). Addition of low serum 25(OH)D significantly improved the predictive performance of T2D beyond conventional risk factors (NRI = 0.205, 95% CI:0.019–0.391). Our results suggest that low serum 25(OH)D and insufficient physical activity interact synergistically to influence the risk of T2D in Chinese adult population. Adding serum 25(OH)D to conventional risk factors improves the risk prediction of T2D.
Retrospective analysis of primary neuroendocrine tumors of the ovary: Management and outcomes
Authors: pang li , guo zhiqiang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Due to the low incidence of ovarian neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), clinicians may be unaware of appropriate treatments for the disease and factors influencing patient prognosis, which may cause them to miss the window of opportunity for treatment. Moreover, there is currently no recognized first-line treatment strategy, and no studies have reported prognostic statistics derived from large samples. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the clinical behavior of ovarian NETs.
Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used to identify women diagnosed with ovarian NETs from 2004 to 2015. Overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and independent prognostic factors for ovarian NETs were evaluated. The effects of different treatments on prognosis were also compared, as were OS and CSS rates for histological subtypes.
Results

The 5-year OS rates were 83.3%, 30.0%, 20.3%, and 9.8% for patients in stages I (n = 159), II (n = 23), III (n = 101), and IV (n = 148), respectively. The 5-year CSS rates were 85.6%, 41.7%, 21.2%, and 9.8% for patients in stages I–IV, respectively. Age, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, lymph node metastasis, treatment, and histological type were related to poor OS and CSS. In the early stage, the 5-year OS and CSS rates were 97.03% and 96.90%, respectively. For patients in the advanced stage receiving comprehensive treatment (surgery + chemotherapy + radiotherapy), 5-year OS and CSS rates were 72.9% and 70.00%, respectively. When comparing low- and high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma, the 5-year OS rates were 93.96% vs. 7.01%, 5-year CSS rates were 97.44% vs. 7.31%, 10-year OS rates were 93.56% vs. 2.34%, and 10-year CSS rates were 97.44% vs. 4.88%, respectively.
Conclusion

Age, AJCC stage, treatment, and histological type are independent prognostic factors of ovarian NETs. Prognosis is relatively good for early-stage cases treated with surgery alone, whereas more comprehensive treatment is required to improve prognosis for advanced cases. Future studies should focus on the development of individualized treatment strategies for prolonging survival time in patients with ovarian NETs.
COX2: A Prognostic Inflammogenic Marker Drives Cervical Carcinogenesis In Vivo Through NFκB/IAP/p53Axis
Authors: Mahapatra Elizabeth , Biswas Souvick , Das Salini , Roy Madhumita , MUKHERJEE SUTAPA 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Cycloxygenase2, a prostaglandin synthesizing enzyme is a key player in inflammation-induced vasculogenesis that enables tumor growth. This study explores the central role of COX2 and its relative prosurvival proteins in evoking inflammatory events during development of an in vivo cervical cancer model upon chronic treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC; a chemical carcinogen) in virgin-female Swiss Albino mice. Chronic painting of mice cervix with 3MC solution triggered the persistent expression and activity of COX2; eventuating in overexpression of major prosurvival molecules (NFκB, XIAP, survivin, GM-CSF1) and proliferative antigens (Ki67, PCNA). COX2-arbitrated prosurvival signaling subsequently deranged the expression profiles of tumor supressor proteins (p53/Acetyl-p53, p21, Rb) within the cervix. COX2 helmed molecular alterations successively surged leukocyte influx within cervix; catering in localized inflammation which gradually distorted its tissue architecture. Cervical carcinogenesis was further braced by higher levels of systemic-ROS and RNS, escalated iNOS activity and compromised anti-oxidant enzyme capacities, which were accompanied by splenomegaly. Additionally, circulation of blood-leucocytes with damaged DNA throughout the mice body, envisaged the impact of cervix-limited inflammation upon the mice physiology. Conclusively, the present study deciphered the role of COX2 effectuated NFκB/IAP/p53 functions in sequestering the contributors of localized and systemic inflammogenesis for propelling 3MC-mediated cervical carcinogenesis in vivo.
The effect of Crocodile (Crocodylus Siamensis) Oil on Hepatic Energy Homeostasis Mechanism and Mitochondrial Function in Rats
Authors: Fungfuang Wirasak , Parunyakul Kongphop , Srisuk Krittika , Santativongchai Pitchaya , Pongchairerk Urai , Ampawong Sumate , Tulayakul Phitsanu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Fatty acid (FA) consumption can alter hepatic energy metabolism and liver mitochondrial functions. Crocodile oil (CO) is rich in both mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids that contain natural anti-inflammatory and healing properties. We investigated the effect of CO on energy metabolism and mitochondrial morphology in rat liver.Methods: Twenty-one male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1: rats treated with sterile water (RO); group 2: rats treated with CO (3% v/w); and group 3: rats treated with palm oil (PO) (3 % v/w). Rats were orally administered sterile water, CO, and PO once daily for 7 weeks. Body weight, food intake, liver weight, energy intake, blood lipid profiles, and liver-targeted metabolites were evaluated. Histopathological study of the liver, mitochondrial architecture of liver cell, and HDHD3 protein expression in liver mitochondria were determined.Results: CO treatment had no effect on body weight, liver weight, liver index, dietary energy intake, and serum lipid profiles. The CO group exhibited significantly lower food intake than the RO group. The CO group also showed significantly higher oxaloacetate and malate levels, which encourage the TCA cycle imbalance, than the PO group. CO treatment significantly ameliorated hepatic steatosis as shown by a greater decrease of total surface area of lipid particles than that seen with PO treatment. CO administration maintained the liver’s mitochondrial morphology by upregulating the energetic maintenance protein—HDHD3. Moreover, the chemical-protein interaction also showed that the main fatty acid composition of CO preserved liver metabolism via the AMPK signaling pathway.Conclusion: Crocodile oil could support hepatic function through promoting the TCA cycle, maintaining hepatic mitochondrial architecture, and upregulating HDHD3.
Toxoplasmosis is a Risk Factor for Acquiring SARS-CoV-2 Infection and a Severe Course of Covid-19 Disease in The Czech and Slovak Population: A Preregistered Exploratory Internet Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Flegr Jaroslav 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Latent toxoplasmosis, i.e. a lifelong infection with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, affects about a third of human population worldwide. In the past ten years, numerous studies had shown that infected subjects have a significantly higher incidence of mental and physical health problems and are more prone to exhibiting the adverse effects of various diseases.
Methods

A cross-sectional internet study was performed on a population of 4,499 (786 Toxoplasma-infected) subjects and looked for factors which positively or negatively affect the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and likelihood of a severe course of Covid-19.
Results

Logistic regression and partial Kendall correlation controlled for sex, age, and size of the place of residence showed that latent toxoplasmosis had the strongest effect on the risk of infection (OR = 1·50) before sport (OR = 1·30), and borreliosis (1·27). It also had the strongest effect on the risk of severe course of infection (Tau = 0·146), before autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, male sex, keeping a cat, being overweight, borreliosis, higher age, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Toxoplasmosis augmented the adverse effects of other risk factors but was not the proximal cause of the effect of cat keeping on higher likelihood of Covid infection and higher severity of the course of infection because the effect of cat keeping was observed also (and especially) in a subset of Toxoplasma-infected subjects (Tau = 0·153). Effects of keeping a cat were detected only in subjects from multi-member families, suggesting that a cat could a vector for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within a family.
Conclusions

Toxoplasmosis is currently not considered a risk factor for Covid-19 and Toxoplasma-infected subjects are neither informed about their higher risks nor prioritised in vaccination programs. Because toxoplasmosis affects a large segment of the human population, its impact on Covid-19-associated effects on public health could be considerable.
Under nutrition and Associated factors among infants and young children age 6-23 months attending Minilik II Hospital, Ethiopia, 2021.
Authors: Worku Lelisa , Assefie Desta , Jara Dube , Tadesse Addisu 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Globally, 47 million children young age were wasted, 14.3 million are severely wasted and 144 million are stunted. Around 45% of deaths among children are linked to undernutrition. The impact undernutrition is more severe among children age 6–23 months as this period is critical for child development, and irreversible damages can occur due to nutritional deficiencies. Hence aimed to assess magnitude of under nutrition and associated factors among infants and young children age 6–23 months attending Minilik II hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among 377 Infant and young children age 6–23 months were selected using simple random sampling method. Data was collected using face-to-face interview with family and anthropometric measurement was taken. The anthropometric measurements of children were evaluated using WHO standard Antro software. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the characteristics of study population. Logistic regression was fitted to identify factors associated with under nutrition. The study revealed about 34.1% of young age children were under nutrition while 28.8% of them stunted, underweight 10.2% and 4.7% of them were wasted. Working condition of mother (AOR = 6.142, 95% CI: 2.90-13.01), education status of the mother (AOR = 5.75, 95% CI : 2.621–12.624), household live in rent house (AOR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.30–7.04), illness/disease (AOR = 5.69, 95% CI: 2.360-13.623), inappropriate complementary feeding (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.37–7.04), breast feeding, receiving vitamin A (AOR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08–0.34) and growth monitoring (AOR = 0.288 at 95% CI (0.14–0.58) were found to have statistically significant association with children under nutrition.
The Genetic Variants of HLA-DRB1 Alleles and the Chance of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis: Systematic Review and meta-analysis
Authors: Birga Anteneh Mengesha , Ning Lin , Huang Jian 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is more common in those who have special human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genetic types. One of the most important genetic risk factors for RA lies in HLADRB1 locus. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to figure out which HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies are associated with a risk of RA per allele and phenotype group. The statistics data was calculated using RevMan version 5.4.1. This meta-analysis includes nine articles involving 3004 RA patients and 2384 healthy controls. In the allele group, three HLA-DRB1 alleles; HLA-DRB1*10 (OR = 1.88, 95%CI = 1.25-2.83, p = 0.002), HLA-DRB1*04 (OR = 2.38, 95%CI = 1.73-3.29, p < 0.00001), and HLA-DRB1*01 frequencies were shown to be considerably higher in RA patients compared to controls, potentially increasing the chance of disease development. Four HLA-DRB1 alleles among the included studies (*03, *07, *11, *13, and *14) which was observed that these are more prevalent in healthy persons than in RA patients, and may contribute as a protective factor against disease onset. Only the DRB1*04 subtypes DRB1*0401 (OR = 1.37, 95 percent CI = 1.05-1.79, p = 0.02) and DRB1*0404 (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.19-12.53, p = 0.004) show a significant association with the risk of RA in our pooled effect. Moreover, the findings demonstrated a significant relationship between HLA-DRB1 and the risk of disease in various ethnic groups.
Symmetry breaking Paradigm In Typical Laminar-Turbulence Transition System
Authors: Chun Huang , Jiang Yuchen 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A stationary cylindrical vessel containing a rotating plate near the bottle surface is partially filled with liquid. With the bottom rotating, the shape of the liquid surface would become polygon-like. This polygon vortex phenomenon is a ideal system to demonstrate the Laminar-Turbulent transition process. Within the framework of equilibrium statistical mechanics, a profound comparison with Landau's phase transition theory was applied in symmetry breaking aspect to derive the evolution equation of this system phenomenologically. Comparison between theoretical prediction and experimental data is carried out. We concluded a considerably highly matched result, while some exceptions are viewed as the natural result that the experiment break through the up-limit of using equilibrium mechanics as a effective theory, namely breaking through the Arnold Tongue. Some extremely complex Non-equilibrium approaches was desired to solve this problem thoroughly in the future. So our method could be viewed as a linear approximation of this theoretical framework.