bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RELEVANCE OF FURTHER CLINICAL TRIALS OF THE USE OF MELATONIN IN ADJUVANT CANCER THERAPY
Authors: Smorodin Е. Р. 
Published: April 2021

The review was compiled from a PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google search, which showed a lack of information on clinical studies of melatonin (M) in oncology, despite numerous and promising experimental results. In preliminary clinical studies carried out by P. Lissony and his co‑authors, the therapeutic potential of M as an adjuvant in chemotherapy, radiation therapy and immunotherapy at different tumor localizations is noted. M alleviates the toxic effect of standard therapy and, according to the authors’ observations, increases its effectiveness. Exogenous M can be in demand as a circadian rhythm synchronizer for rehabilitation and im‑ provement of the quality of life of patients, because reduces distress and improves sleep, and in supportive and palliative therapy. Oncostatic activity of M is associated with the effect on: a) homeostasis and circadian rhythms, b) inflammation, cooperation of immunocytes and cytokine production in the tumor microenvironment, c) gene expression and signalling pathways associated with angiogenesis, proliferation and metastasis, d) metabolism, hypoxia and oxidative stress, e) apoptosis and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The review contains the following sections: physiological and pharmacological studies, epidemiological studies, clinical studies, the immunoregulatory role of melatonin, experimental studies. Currently, randomized and long‑term clinical studies of homogeneous groups of patients with tumor stages II−III are in demand for statistical processing of information of the M influence on the side effects of standard therapy, on the dy‑ namics of the disease, clinical parameters, as well as on the quality and duration of life after the main treatment.
LIPOSOMES AS A TARGETED DELIVERY SYSTEM OF DRUGS (REVIEW)
Authors: Gorbik V. S. , Shprakh Z. S. , Kozlova Z. M. , Salova V. G. 
Published: April 2021

Liposomal targeted drug delivery makes it possible to achieve effective concentration in the target cell under various pathological conditions. The main advantage of liposomal particles is their biodegradability and immunological neutrality, which improves the safety profile of drugs. The review provides information on the composition of liposomes: the main component of the liposomal membrane is phospholipids, which provide its strength and protect from mechanical impacts. Liposomal particles are distinguished by the size and number of bilayer membranes, also secreted liposomes with a non‑lamellar organization. The composition and size of liposomes are selected depending on the purpose, including excipients in the membrane that affect the properties and functions of liposomes, including the rate of release of the components, the affinity of liposomes for the target tissue, etc. The review considers the main methods for obtaining liposomes and the features of their use, advantages and disadvantages. The creation of liposomes that are sensitive to various external or internal physicochemical factors makes it possible to realize drugs effects, localize the site of its action and reduce the number and severity of side effects. Currently, liposome‑based drugs are successfully used in various fields of medicine – dermatology, cardiology, oncology, neurology, etc. The most active condact preclinical and clinical studies of liposomal drugs for the treatment of malignant neoplasms. Particular attention is paid to the work of Russian researchers in the field of targeted drug delivery. It is shown that today liposomes are an open for study and improvement system for targeted drug delivery.
3‑HYDROXYQUINAZOLINE DERIVATIVE, AN ANALOGUE OF ERASTIN, INDUCES FERROPTOSIS IN METASTATIC MELANOMA CELLS
Authors: Borisova L. M. , Osipov V. N. , Gusev D. V. , Golubeva I. S. , Kiseleva M. Р. , Vartanian А. A. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The main cause of clinical progression of tumor under the conditions of treatment is the resistance. Reactivate apoptosis in resistant to chemotherapy cells is impossible, the tumor grows into an irreversible growth phase. Recently published data on the ability of ferroptosis inducers to induce the death of resistant cells opens up new possibilities for improving the effectiveness of antitumor therapy.The purpose of the study – assessment of the mechanism of ferroptosis induction of the synthesized analogue of erastin OVN‑002 on Mel Z melanoma cells and investigation of its antitumor activity on transplanatated B‑16 melanoma of mice.Materials and methods. In this study 2D cultivation of metastatic Mel Z melanoma cells, phase‑contrast and fluorescence microscopy, and a model of experimental growth of B‑16 melanoma in female hybrids of immu‑ nocompetent mice F1 (C57Bl/6 × DBA / 2) were used. The antitumor effect was evaluated by measurement of tumor growth inhibition (TGI, %) and increase of life span of the treated animals as compared to the control ones.Results. The cytotoxic activity of OVN‑002 was equal to the activity of erastin on metastatic melanoma cells Mel Z: 744 ± 20 and 719 ± 20 a. u., respectively. OVN‑002 at a dose 50 mg / kg reduced the growth of experimental melanoma B‑16 about 81 % (TGI 81–57 %, p <0.05). The effect was stable up to 7th day, while erastin showed only a direct antitumor effect (TGI 65 %, p <0.05).Conclusion. The data obtained suggest that OVN‑002 might be considered as a novel antitumor agent.
SELECTION OF A CRYOPROTECTOR FOR PRODUCTION A LYOPHILIZED LIPOSOMAL DOSAGE FORM OF THE INDOLOCARBAZOLE DERIVATIVE LHS‑1269
Authors: Dmitrieva M. V. , Lugen Bu , Polozkova A. Р. , Orlova О. L. , Krasnyuk I. I. , Krasnyuk(jr.) I. I. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. One of the key tasks in freeze‑drying of drug is to choose the optimal cryoprotector that provides a high‑quality lyophilized product.The aim of research. Selection of cryoprotectant and its concentration for the preparation of lyophilizate of the liposomal dosage form of the indolocarbazole derivative LHS‑1269.Materials and methods. Substance LHS‑1269 ≥99 % (N. N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Onco logy), egg phosphatidylcholine Е РС S (Lipoid, Germany), cholesterol ≥99 % (Sigma‑Aldrich, Japan), polyethylene glycol‑2000‑distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (Lipoid, Germany), mannose‑d (+) 99 % (Kaden, Germany), sucrose (Himmed, Russia), trehalose dihydrate (Himmed, Russia). To obtain LHS‑1269 liposomes, the Bangham method was used in modification for hydrophobic substances with subsequent extrusion of the dispersion of multilayer phos‑ pholipid vesicles. The prepared liposomal dispersion was dosed into vials of 6 ml and lyophilized in the freeze‑dryng chamber using the «step‑by‑step» freezing mode. LHS‑1269 liposomes were analyzed before and after freeze‑drying using laser scattering spectroscopy and determination of the electrophoretic mobility of particles.Results. To prevent the destruction of LHS‑1269 liposomes during lyophilization, substances from the carbohy‑ drates class – mannose, sucrose and trehalose – were studied in two concentrations. In the course of compara‑ tive evaluation of the obtained lyophilizates in terms of quality, appearance, rehydration, size and zeta potential of liposomes before and after sublimation, it was found that sucrose introduced into the liposomal dosage form LHS‑1269 in the molar ratio sucrose / egg phosphatidylcholine 5:1 has optimal cryoprotective properties.Conclusion. As a result of the study, the optimal cryoprotector and its concentration were selected, which ensure the production of high‑quality lyophilizate of the liposomal composition of the indolocarbazole derivative LHS‑1269.
Macromycetes Determined in Tonya (Trabzon) District
Authors: UZUN Yasin , KAYA Abdullah 
Published: April 2021

This study is based on the macrofungi specimens collected from Tonya district of Trabzon province. As a result, 216 macromycete species belonging to 150 genera, 73 families, 23 orders, and 8 classes, within Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were determined. The list of the determined taxa was provided together with their habitats, collection dates, and collector numbers.
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Structural Changes in the Market of Bank Deposits of Households in Ukraine
Authors: Kichurchak Marianna 
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the article is to identify the main factors that cause the structural changes in the market of bank deposits of households by regions of Ukraine. This is based on evaluating the spatial asymmetries in this market development in 2009–2018 by regions of Ukraine and identifying the factors that influences its structure by gross regional product (GRP) by means of the methodology of multivariate econometric modelling.
Methodology. The following scientific methods are used: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, comparative analysis and econometric modelling. The scope and coefficients of variation for such indicators as the share of household bank deposits by GRP, the volume of household bank deposits per capita, the structure of household bank deposits by terms in general, in national and foreign currencies are calculated. Determining the main factors for multiple regression equations influencing structural changes in the market of household bank deposits by GRP is based on the methodology of stepwise regression.
Results of the research. The spatial peculiarities of household bank deposits development in Ukraine was analysed and the reduction of its capacity was revealed due to the unfavourable socio-economic situation, the reform of the banking system and the influence of geopolitical factors. Based on the assessment of variation indicators dynamics, it was found that this market is characterised by regional asymmetries in terms of types of currencies and placement of household deposits. Regression-correlation equations were built, in which the shares of household deposits by regions of Ukraine (Y1, % GRP), in national currency (Y2, % GRP) and foreign currency (Y3, % GRP) are selected as dependent variables. The following measures are proposed to achieve positive changes in the market of household bank deposits in Ukraine: reducing unemployment; creation of favourable conditions for increasing the average monthly salary in the regions and modifying household spending to make savings; formation of an appropriate interest rate policy aimed at actively attracting temporarily available funds of the population to commercial banks.
Effects of Five-Finger Relaxation Technique on Depression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Dewi Rosliana , Agustina Fanny Dwi , Budhiana Johan , Fatmala Syiva Dwi 
Published: April 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) can cause physical and psychological changes for sufferers. Psychological changes include changes in self-concept and depression. Psychological changes can be treated with nonpharmacological therapies, one of which is five-finger relaxation technique. The research aimed to reveal the effect of five-finger relaxation technique on depression experienced by type 2 DM patients. The five-finger relaxation technique is one of the generalist relaxation techniques by recalling pleasant experiences. This research is a quasi-experiment. Samples of this research were 34 respondents whom were selected using purposive sampling. The intervention was carried out once a day for 3 consecutive days. In order to measure depression, a valid and reliable questionnaire of Indonesian version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was employed. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Test and the Mann-Whitney Test. The results showed the was a decrease in depression in the control group (p-value of 0.008) and the intervention group (p-value of 0.000) and there were differences in depression in the control group and the intervention group (p-value of 0.000). It can be concluded that there is an effect of five-finger relaxation technique on depression in type 2 DM patients<em>.</em>
Heat Transfer Research in Blown-Through Non-Passable Heating Mains Channels. Part 1
Authors: Sednin V. A. , Bubyr T. V. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract. To increase the efficiency of operation of heating networks located in non-passable channels, a schematic and structural solution of regenerative-utilization heat use was previously proposed and at the same time it is shown that it isdifficult to create an acceptable full-scale experimental installation or the difficulty of conducting a passive experiment on existing heating mains in non-passable channels. As an alternative solution for performing research, it is proposed to create and use a virtual experimental setup developed on the basis of the ANSYS software package, which has received wide recognition in the world. The initial results of model verification showed that the study of heat transfer and aerodynamics in blown-through non-passable heating mains using such a solution is promising. A study has been carried out using a virtual experimental setup based on a six-factor second-order rotatble plan containing 46 points on a hypersphere with six star points. It is shown that there is no need to randomize the order of conducting and repeating the study at the points of computational experiment plan. Second-order regression equations have obtained for calculating a complex of objective functions: the required air pressure to achieve a given flow rate, the intensity of heat transfer directly from the pipes of the heating main, as well as from the walls of the channel to the blown air. The geometry of the channels of typical standard sizes of heating mains, the length of the sections, the temperature of the outside air and soil, and the air flow rate in the channel have been taken as the influencing factors in the calculations. For the obtained regression equations, significant coefficients have been established and the transition from dimensionless to natural factors has been carried out. The adequacy of the obtained regression equations has been determined using standard statistical estimation methods based on the calculated values of the Fisher’s, Student’s and other criteria.
Приближенное представление дилогарифмами решения одной вариационной краевой задачи для круга при граничном условии Неймана
Authors: Meleshko I. N. , Lasy P. G. 
Published: April 2021

It is known that boundary value problems for the Laplace and Poisson equations are equivalent to the problem of the calculus of variations – the minimum of an integral for which the given partial differential equation is the Euler – Lagrange equation. For example, the problem of the minimum of the Dirichlet integral in the unit disc centered at the origin on some admissible set of functions for given values of the normal derivative on the circle is equivalent to the Neimann boundary value problem for the Laplace equation in this domain. An effective approximate dilogarithm representation of the solution of the above equivalent variational boundary value problem is constructed on the basis of the known exact solution of the Neumann Boundary value problem for a circle using a special approximate formula for the Dini integral. The approximate formula is effective in the sense that it is quite simple in numerical implementation, stable, and the error estimation, which is uniform over a circle, allows calculations with the given accuracy. A special quadrature formula for the Dini integral has a remarkable property – its coefficients are non-negative. Quadrature formulas with non-negative coefficients occupy a special place in the theory of approximate calculations of definite integrals and its applications. Naturally, this property becomes even more significant when the coefficient are not number, but some functions. The performed numerical analysis of the approximate solution confirms its effectiveness.
Direct Method for Solving Bilinear Programming Problem
Authors: Matveyeva L. D. 
Published: April 2021

The bilinear programming problem is considered, where a column, which corresponds to one of the variables, is not fixed but can be chosen from a convex set. This problem is known as the Dantzig – Wolfe problem. Earlier, a modified support method was proposed to solve the problem, using the decomposition of the problem constraints of the Dantzig – Wolfe method. The author of the paper has developed a direct exact method for solving the formulated problem. The method is based on the idea of the solving a linear programming problem with generalized direct constraints and a general concept of an adaptive solution method. The notions of support, support plan, optimal and suboptimal (e-optimal) plan are introduced which is a given approximation of the objective function to the optimal plan of the problem. Criteria for optimality and suboptimality of the support plan have been formulated and have been proved in the paper. The search for the optimal solution is based on the idea of maximizing the increment of the objective function. This approach allows more fully to take into account the main target and structure of the problem. Improving a support plan consists of two parts: replacing the plan and replacing the support. To find a suitable direction, a special derived problem is solved while taking into account the main constraints of the problem. The replacement of the support is based on the search for the optimal plan of the dual problem. The method leads to an optimal solution to the problem in a finite number of iterations (in the case of a non-degenerate value).
Particle-Transport Mechanism in Liquid/Liquid/Solid Multiphase Pipeline Flow of High-Viscosity Oil/Water/Sand
Authors: Archibong-Eso Archibong , Baba Yahaya , Aliyu Aliyu , Ribeiro Joseph , Abam Fidelis , Yeung Hoi 
Published: April 2021

Summary
In this study, an investigation of sand transport in heavy-oil/water multiphase flow is performed. The study is conducted in three multiphase-flow pipeline-test facilities with internal diameters (IDs) of 1, 1, and 3 in. The pipeline orientations relative to the horizontal in the facilities are 0, +30, and 0°, respectively. Oil viscosity of 3.5 and 10.0 Pa·s with sand volume fractions from 0.010 to 0.100 vol% were used in the study. The effects of oil viscosity, upward inclination, sand volume fraction, pipe ID, and water cut on the sand-transport mechanism in pipelines are investigated. In the horizontal test section, flow patterns—namely, dispersed flow (DF), plug flow (PF), plug flow with moving sand bed (PFM), and plug flow with stationary sand bed (PFS)—were identified through flow visualization. In addition to the aforementioned, two flow patterns—stratified wavy flow with moving sand bed (SWM) and stratified wavy flow with dunes (SWD)—were observed in the inclined pipeline orientation. The pressure gradient measured decreased with a decrease in water cut until a minimum value was reached. Beyond the minimum pressure gradient, further reduction in water cut led to an increase in pressure gradient. The sand minimum transport condition (MTC) in the oil/water/sand test was largely the same for the 1-in. 30° upward inclined and the 1-in. horizontal test section. In contrast, that of the 3-in. horizontal test section was considerably higher. An improved MTC predictive correlation is proposed for multiphase heavy-oil/water/sand flow. The proposed correlation outperforms the existing models when tested on the heavy-oil/water/sand data set.
Comparison of the Calculated Drought Return Periods Using Tri-variate and Bivariate Copula Functions under Climate Change Condition
Authors: Naeini Elaheh Motevalibashi , Akhoond-Ali Ali Mohammad , Radmanesh Fereydoun , Koupai Jahangir Abedi , Soltaninia Shahrokh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Concerning the various effects of climate change on intensifying extreme weather phenomena all around the world, studying its possible consequences in the following years has attracted the attention of researchers. As the drought characteristics identified by drought indices are highly significant in investigating the possible future drought, the Copula function is employed in many studies. In this study, the two- and three-variable Copula functions were employed for calculating the return period of drought events for the historical, the near future, and the far future periods. The results of considering the two- and three-variable Copula functions were separately compared with the results of the calculated Due to the high correlation between drought characteristics, bivariate and trivariate of Copula functions were applied to evaluate the return periods of the drought. The most severe historical drought was selected as the benchmark, and the drought zoning map for the GCM models was drawn. The results showed that severe droughts can be experienced, especially in the upper area of the basin where the primary water resource is located. Also, the nature of the drought duration plays a decisive role in the results of calculating the return periods of drought events.
Pac-Man bacteria eat nanoprobes for aggregation-enhanced imaging and killing diverse microorganisms
Authors: Yang Yunmin , Chu Binbin , Cheng Jiayi , Tang Jiali , Song Bin , Wang Houyu , He Yao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Currently optical-based techniques for in vivo microbial population imaging are limited by low imaging depth and highly light-scattering tissue; and moreover, are generally effective against only one specific group of bacteria. Here, we introduce an innovative Pac-Man imaging and therapy strategy, in which different bacteria displayed like Pac-Man actively eat the glucose polymer (GP)-modified gold nanoparticles through ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter pathway, followed by laser irradiation-mediated aggregation in the bacterial cells. As a result, the aggregates display ~ 15.2-fold enhancement in photoacoustic signals and ~ 3.0-fold enhancement in antibacterial rate compared with non-aggregated counterparts. Significantly, the developed Pac-Man strategy allows ultrasensitive imaging of as low as ~ 105 colony-forming unit (CFU) of bacteria in vivo, which is around two orders of magnitude lower than most optical contrast agents. We further demonstrate Pac-Man strategy enables the detection of ~ 107 CFU bacteria residing within tumour or gut. This technique enables visualization and treatment of diverse bacteria, setting the crucial step forward the study of microbial ecosystem.
An Efficient Pairing-free Batch Verification Scheme for VANET
Authors: Lai Yan-Ming , Cheng Pu-Jen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
An intelligent traffic system, which can flexibly allocate traffic resources, serves as a good assistant to help us improve traffic safety and efficiency of controlling traffic volume, providing instant traffic information and giving priority to ambulances. Although such system is powerful, it could be misused without prop er protection. For example, malicious drivers might forge the message of the ambulance so that they can quickly pass through intersections. In addition, because traffic information is huge and needs to be processed immediately, traditional schemes that pro cess the information one by one are not competent. For this issue, a lot of batch schemes have been proposed. Most of them adopt the algorithm of Bilinear pairing while the others tries to avoid it since pairing operations are complex. However, such pairin g - free schemes are not applicable because their calculation time will explode when there are more data waiting to be processed. In this article, we briefly describe those schemes and propose a more effective one to solve the problems mentioned above.