bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacto económico de la minería en el Perú
Authors: Gómez Jannyna Reto , Rios-Campos Carlos , Puma Manuel Tiberio Valentín , Huanaco Yesenia Paulina Valentín , Hubeck Juan Alberto Avalos , Pantaleón Alex Javier Sánchez , González Julissa Elizabeth Reyna , Condori Freddy Ronald Huapaya 
Published: October 2021

Objetivo: El siguiente estudio tuvo como objetivo principal describir el impacto económico de la minería en el Perú, desde 1960 hasta la actualidad. Método: El estudio que se ha ejercido es de clase descriptiva y correlacional no experimental, pues se ha recopilado información de distintas fuentes principalmente del MINEM, y distintas fuentes secundarias, lo que incluye también fuentes históricas para conocer la realidad del sector minero a través de las últimas seis décadas. Resultados: Se ha encontrado que los minerales, sobre todo el oro, el cobre y el zinc han sido los minerales más producidos, siendo el hierro el mineral más producido, seguido del cobre y el zinc. Además, que actualmente Latinoamérica, tiene grandes producciones de minerales. Además de que al analizar la empresa Southern Perú, se haya que ha obtenido una ganancia mayor a los US$ 7000 millones por la venta de minerales, cantidad que es mucho mayor a sus costos que no alcanzaban los S/. 3900 millones de soles. Conclusiones: Se concluye que el impacto económico por parte del sector minero ha sido positivo, pues la aportación que ha tenido este en el PBI sobrepasa el 11% de este.

Objective: The following study had as its main objective to describe the economic impact of mining in Peru during the 1960s to the present. Method: The study that has been carried out is of a descriptive and non-experimental correlational class, since information has been collected from different sources, mainly the MINEM, and different secondary sources, which also includes historical sources to know the reality of the mining sector through the last six decades. Results: It has been found that minerals, especially gold, copper and zinc, have been the most produced minerals, iron being the most produced mineral, followed by copper and zinc. In addition, Latin America currently has large mineral productions. In addition to analyzing the Southern Peru company, it has been obtained a profit greater than US $ 7,000 million from the sale of minerals, an amount that is much higher than its costs that did not reach S /. 3.9 billion soles. Conclusions: It is concluded that the economic impact by the mining sector has been positive, since the contribution that this has had in the GDP exceeds 11% this.
Pour une histoire intellectuelle de Bordeaux « au temps de Montaigne »
Authors: Balsamo Jean 
Published: October 2021

L’historiographie intellectuelle des villes dites « de province » s’est profondément renouvelée dans ses enjeux et par ses méthodes. Bénéficiant de l’apport de l’histoire du livre et d’un répertoire exhaustif de la production imprimée aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles, elle décrit le cadre institutionnel dans lequel s’est déployée l’activité lettrée et savante, établit la prosopographie de ses acteurs, écrivains, professeurs, érudits, mécènes et protecteurs, analyse les œuvres produites pour estimer leur importance et leur singularité, en relation aux modèles communs et aux savoirs généraux. Pour caractériser un moment de l’histoire intellectuelle de Bordeaux, le choix du « temps de Montaigne » définit, plus qu’un simple cadre chronologique, une difficile problématique : donner à comprendre les conditions qui ont permis le chef-d’œuvre bordelais que constituent les Essais, tout en se libérant de la centralité de Montaigne, pour mettre en lumière les différentes cultures à l’œuvre à Bordeaux, entre 1530 et 1620.
LEGAL GLOBALIZATION AND UNKNOWN OF DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF CHINA DURING GLOBAL CHALLENGES
Authors: Lvova Ye. O. 
Published: October 2021

On May 1, 2017 the World Expo Museum was open for operation to become an innovative international museum in China and the very best example of unique initiative of Shanghai Municipal People's Government with a purpose to educate the public. The World Expo Museum comprehensively demonstrates World Expos’ historical value, impacts of global change and regional outline of human development trends. The paper revises author’s vision of the future of global governance from the perspective of China- foreign interactions experience. Analyzing legal globalization from the aspect of involved agents, the author presents a case study of World Expo 2010 that signifies Shanghai's status in the 21st century, shifting from "the next great world city" to “the excellent global city”. Establishment of the World Expo Museum is explained as a subsequent result of international cooperation and a ‘bottom-to-top’ policy of global importance. Ongoing development of museums/expos is seen as a global innovative trend of eco-environmental intercultural exchange and a creative project for future generations, while China continues extending openness to the rest of the world. China is actively involved in global governance reform and a global agenda that defines the future of dignity, security and mutual benefit is noted. These provisions demonstrate that the rest of the world needs more information about China.
Expo 2020 Dubai has been postponed due to COVID-19 by a one year following the global mega event running from 1 October 2021 to 31 March 2022. It can be thus said that such actions show a global collective desire of mutual cooperation in times of undecidable global challenge.
Water Wastage in Secondary Schools: A Case of Secondary Schools in Esikhaleni Circuit, King Cetshwayo District, KwaZulu-Natal
Authors: Mbokazi Msawenkosi Sandile 
Published: October 2021

South Africa is facing significant challenges of water sustainability due to water scarcity, poor quality and wastages in most of its water supply systems. Unless the said challenges are urgently addressed, the socio-economic aspect of the country is under a significant threat. The hope to deal with these challenges rests upon education. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether secondary school learners in King Cetshwayo district do practice water wastage and the extent thereof. It also aimed to establish whether secondary schools teach water sustainability in their curriculum. The study will propose strategies for promoting water sustainability in secondary schools. A mixed-methods approach was embraced in this study. Questionnaires, observations and focus group interviews were employed as data collection tools from 120 purposefully selected participants. The findings revealed that secondary school learners practice water wastage and that schools are not promoting water sustainability. Therefore, the study recommended that schools conduct water quantity audits, conduct awareness campaigns, celebrate environmental days, appoint an onsite plumber and install water tanks to harvest rainwater.
Self-Concept of College Students: Empirical Evidence from an Asian Setting
Authors: Balba Jonah C. , Cainigcoy Manuel E. 
Published: October 2021

Individuals with high self-concept will likely have high life satisfaction, they easily get adjusted to life, and they communicate their feeling more appropriately. However, it was not certain whether self-concept would decline or improve as individuals age, or whether self-concept would vary between genders and ethnic groups. To prove, a study was carried out to compare the self-concept of college students in an Asian context. The inquiry utilized the cross-sectional design in finding out significant differences in the self-concept of participants in terms of age, gender, and ethnicity. A 22-item questionnaire was adapted and administered to 222 Bachelor of Public Administration and Bachelor of Science in Business Administration students from the satellite campus of Bukidnon State University in the Philippines. Initially, a sample was randomly drawn from the population. During the actual data collection, the researchers had difficulty getting the responses from the randomly selected individuals due to internet connection and it was done amidst a pandemic. Instead, it took all responses from those who were available, have access to the internet, and could accomplish the google forms. The data were analyzed using Mean, Standard Deviation, T-test for independent sample, ANOVA and Post Hoc test. The results revealed that college students at the locale have a high level of self-concept in self-fulfilment, emotional adjustment, and honesty. Yet, they only had a moderate level of self-concept in autonomy. Further, there were significant differences in college students’ autonomy and honesty in terms of age and gender. Furthermore, there were significant differences in their emotional adjustment and self-fulfilment as to their ethnicity. The results have implications for instruction, administration, guidance services, and future research.
TINJAUAN TERHADAP DASAR-DASAR TEOLOGIS PRAKTIK HIDUP SELIBAT
Authors: Boimau Imanuel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract: This article discusses an overview of the theological foundations of the practice of celibacy. The theological grounds that are generally used are free choice for the sake of the Kingdom of Heaven, gifts and the concept that sex is a sin. Regarding these three principles, there is debate about how to understand each of the existing principles and which ones are acceptable and which are not. Through a study of various literatures, from these three theological foundations it is concluded that only free choice for the sake of the kingdom of God and gifts can be used or accepted as the theological basis for the practice of celibacy. While celibacy on the basis of sex is a sin, it is an inaccurate theological basis. With two accepted theological grounds, namely free choice for the sake of God's kingdom and grace, celibacy should be lived as a vocation that is lived willingly (free choice) by someone who is given gifts by God with the aim of living to glorify God.

Keywords: Celibacy, Gift, Calling, Sex, Sin.

Abstrak: Artikel ini membahas tentang tinjauan terhadap dasar-dasar teologis praktik hidup selibat. Adapun dasar-dasar teologis yang umumnya digunakan adalah pilihan bebas demi Kerajaan Surga, karunia, dan konsep bahwa seks adalah dosa. Terkait ketiga dasar ini, ada perdebatan tentang bagaimana semestinya memahami setiap dasar yang ada dan dasar mana yang dapat diterima dan tidak. Melalui studi terhadap berbagai literatur, dari ketiga dasar teologis ini disimpulkan bahwa hanya pilihan bebas demi Kerajaan Surga dan karunia yang dapat digunakan atau diterima sebagai dasar teologis untuk praktik hidup selibat. Sementara selibat dengan dasar seks adalah dosa merupakan dasar teologis yang kurang tepat. Dengan dua dasar teologis yang diterima, yaitu pilihan bebas demi Kerajaan Surga dan karunia, maka selibat semestinya dijalani sebagai sebuah panggilan yang dihidupi dengan kerelaan hati (pilihan bebas) oleh seseorang yang diberikan karunia oleh Allah dengan tujuan untuk hidup mempermuliakan Allah.

Kata-kata kunci: Selibat, Karunia, Panggilan, Seks, Dosa.
Corrosion Behavior of a Laser-MIG Hybrid Welding-Brazing Joint of 6061 Aluminum Alloy to SUS304 Stainless Steel
Authors: Liu Ruilin , Liu Yunqi , Lei Zheng , Tang Hui , He Shaoxiong , Li Yuanxing , Zhu Zongtao 
Published: October 2021

Lightweight steel-aluminum structures have broad application prospects because of their lowering weight characteristics, however, the corrosion of welding-brazing joints in steel-aluminum structures is less concerned or studied. In this paper, the corrosion behavior of the laser-MIG (metal inert gas) hybrid welding-brazing joints of steel-aluminum is investigated through the tests and analysis of salt spray, immersion, and electrochemistry. The salt spray and immersion tests show that obvious galvanic corrosion occurs at the welded joints, in which the aluminum side is seriously corroded while the steel side is not corroded. The open-circuit potential (OCP) values of the aluminum alloy and the weld metal are similar (approximately −0.48 V), and the stainless steel has a higher OCP value of −0.33 V. The corrosion resistance of the weld metal is lower than aluminum- and steel-based materials. The corrosion resistance of the joints is controlled by the aluminum alloy part of the two metals based on the OCP and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis. A possible corrosion process schematic for the physical/chemical properties of a welding-brazing joint immersed in a sodium chloride solution is proposed according to EIS.
IMPLEMENTASI ILMU AL–MUNASABAH DALAM MEMAHAMI AYAT-AAYAT HUKUM EKONOMI SYARIAH
Authors: Ihwanudin Nandang , Putri Fitria Nuryanti Aliya , Syifa Utami Handriansyah Alya 
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis ayat-ayat yang berkaitan dengan hukum ekonomi syuariah dengan mengimplementasikan ilmu al-munasabah yang merupakan salah satu cabang dari ulumul Quran. Ilmu ini dapat membantu dan membuka akal seseorang untuk dapat memahami berbagai macam peraturan dan hukum yang terdapat dalam Alquran. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adaalah penelitian kualitatif dengan studi kepustakaan serta analisis isi terhadap ayat-ayat yang diduga kuat dikategorikan mengandung hukum ekonomi syariah. Setelah dilakukan analisis, dengan mengimplementasikan Ilm al-Munasabah ditemukan bahwa: (1) Pondasi yang diatasnya dibangun Hukum Ekonomi Syariah antara lain QS. 6: 165 yang dikorelasikan dengan ayat sebelumnya (164) dan sesudahnya (166) menunujukkan bahwa kebebasan mendayagunakan potensi sumber daya alam diikuti dengan kewajiban untuk mempertanggungjawabkannya kepada pemberi karunia tersebut sebagai manifestasi asas tauhidullah; (2) mengacu pada tafsir QS. 2: 168, 5: 8, dan 16: 91, ditemukan prinsip-prinsip hukum ekonomi syariah sebagai berikut: (a) Prinsip saling memenuhi kebutuhan hidup secara layak dan benar, (b) tolong menolong dalam kebaikan, (c) saling menguntungkan, (d) saling berkompetisi secara positif, (e) saling melindungi dan saling memberi jaminan, (f) saling memegang keadilan dan keseimbangan, (g) saling memenuhi janji, dan (h) tidak saling merusak atau tidak saling merugikan; dan (3) berdasarkan QS 4: 160, 161, 162; 3: 130; 2: 175-179, ditemukan bahwa praktik riba muncul sebagai akibat pranata ekonomi syariah yang bersifat filantrofis tidak berjalan. Oleh karena itu, Allah swt dengan pris al-tadaruj fi al-hukm, mengkrisi praktik riba, lalu riba yang berlipat diharamkan, dan berikutnya, semua bentuk riba diharamkan
Assessment of neutrons from secondary cosmic rays at mountain altitudes – Geant4 simulations of environmental parameters including soil moisture and snow cover
Authors: Brall Thomas , Mares Vladimir , Bütikofer Rolf , Rühm Werner 
Published: October 2021

Abstract. Ground-based measurements of neutrons from secondary cosmic rays are affected by environmental parameters, particularly hydrogen content in soil. To investigate the impact of these parameters, in particular snow cover, Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations were carried out. In a previous study the model used for the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations was already validated by measurements performed with an extended-range Bonner sphere spectrometer (ERBSS) at Zugspitze, Germany, and at Jungfraujoch, Switzerland. In the present study a sensitivity analysis including different environmental parameters (i.e. slope of mountain, snow height, and soil moisture) and their influence on the flux of neutrons from secondary cosmic rays was performed with Geant4. The results are compared with ERBSS measurements performed in 2018 at the Environmental Research Station Schneefernerhaus located at the Zugspitze, Germany. It is shown that the slope of the Zugspitze mountain reduces the neutron flux from secondary cosmic rays between about 25 % and 50 % as compared to a horizontal surface, depending on neutron energy and snow cover. An increasing height of snow cover, simulated as snow water equivalent (SWE), reduces the total neutron flux exponentially down to a factor of about 2.5 as compared to soil without any snow cover, with a saturation for snow heights greater than 10 to 15 cm SWE, depending on neutron energy. Based on count rates measured with the individual spheres of the ERBSS, SWE values were deduced for the whole year 2018. Specifically, mean SWE values deduced for the winter months (January to March) are between 6.7 and 10.1 cm or more, while those for the summer months (July to September) are between 2.1 and 3.6 cm. Soil moisture of 5 % water mass fraction in limestone leads to a decrease of the total neutron flux by about 35 % compared to dry limestone. It is concluded that the measurement of neutrons from secondary cosmic radiation can be used to gain information on the height of snow cover and its seasonal changes, on soil moisture, and on local geometry such as mountain topography. Because the influence of such parameters on neutron flux from secondary cosmic rays depends on neutron energy, analysis of the whole neutron energy spectrum is beneficial.
“God's own firedrake”: McCarthy's Allusion to Joyce'sUlyssesinThe Road
Authors: Russell Richard Rankin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCormac McCarthy's novel The Road contains at least one heretofore unrecognized likely allusion to Joyce's Ulysses: the father's description of his son as a “firedrake,” which recalls Stephen Dedalus's appellation for a bright celestial body that he (misleadingly) claims appeared in the sky at Shakespeare's birth in the ninth episode of the novel, “Scylla and Charybdis,” an event that his “adopted” father Leopold Bloom attempts to describe in pseudoscientific language in the seventeenth episode of the novel, “Ithaca.” McCarthy has the boy's father use this archaic word, which traditionally has meant “dragon,” to describe his son because he recognizes that his son is a spiritual shooting star and a potential future author who can narrate events morally as did Shakespeare and Joyce and even Stephen himself. Through apprehending his allusion to Joyce's novel, we gain a sense of both the boy's light-filled immanence in a line of sons going back to the original Son, Christ, and his emerging facility with narrative as author-in-the-making.
A strategic guide for the development of a corporate sepsis program
Authors: Labib Shehatta Ahmed , Al Naimi Nasser , Hassan Reham , Zafar Neelam 
Published: October 2021

Background: Sepsis is a major health burden. Guidelines call for healthcare providers to establish sepsis care improvement programs to enhance patient care and outcome. A comprehensive sepsis program has been developed at Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) and implemented across its 13 facilities before embarking on a bigger journey. Methods: Senior leadership engagement and collaboration with pertinent departments are key to any initiative's success. A subject matter expert was appointed as Clinical Lead and Chair of the Program and held accountable to sponsors. Stakeholders were identified and invited to participate in the corporate steering group ().
Given that facilities may have differing challenges, patient population, or resources, a facility-level sepsis committee was established adopting a similar structure to the corporate committee. Each facility committee reviewed, implemented, and reported to the respective local quality and safety committee. Training, reporting and monitoring were undertaken at the local followed by the corporate level (). Standardized sepsis pathways and guidelines were developed and implemented. Monitoring is crucial to ensure a program remains on track. This was attained using a corporate dashboard in which all cases of sepsis, irrespective of facility, time or age were reported and reviewed. Regular reports were sent to the Corporate Quality Improvement and Safety Committee. This, subsequently, is discussed at the Executive Management Committee. Findings: The implementation of a Corporate Sepsis Program was successful and extended to include other organisations (Sidra Medicine, Primary Health Care Corporation and the Qatar Red Crescent). An education subcommittee designed and delivered a nursing training program and e-learning as a collaboration between the Hamad International Training Centre (HITC), clinical and nursing informatics, and medical and nursing education. This resulted in timely and appropriate management (). Conclusion: HMC Sepsis Program improved sepsis outcome in Qatar. A systematic approach, application of evidence-based practice, staff empowerment, senior leadership engagement, a clear structure of governance, quality assurance and reporting are critical elements of its success.
El análisis cultural aplicado a la ciencia política
Authors: López de la Roche Fabio 
Published: October 2021

El autor hace una introducción teórica al concepto de cultura política para indagar sobre las posibilidades de investigación que plantea en nuestro medio. Se parte de los factores históricos que han hecho crecer el interés de los científicos políticos en el análisis cultural tanto en los países desarrollados como en los del Tercer Mundo, para señalar luego los posibles caminos de este análisis apoyándose en algunas ideas del análisis de Bertrand Badie, enriqueciéndolo, además, con la tradición intuitiva de los ensayistas latinoamericanos y el refuerzo de los aportes de las modernas ciencias sociales de América Latina.Palabras Clave: Bertrand Badie, Analisis cultural, Ciencia Politica, Paises desarrollados, Tercer mundo
Editorial
Authors: Gonzales G. Fernán E. 
Published: October 2021

El presente número de Controversia significa un segundo comienzo de una larga historia, que coincide en buena parte con la historia del propio CINEP y refleja de alguna manera la evolución de las miradas con que los miembros del Centro nos hemos aproximado a la realidad nacional.
Controversia nació a partir de los boletines que el CIAS (Centro de Investigación y Acción Social que tomaría más tarde el nombre de CINEP) empezó a elaborar mensualmente, desde comienzos de 1972, bajo el nombre de ANALICIAS. Del multilith pasamos a la imprenta; en 1973, ya los folletos aparecieron como Controversia y empezaron a editarse con cierto carácter monográfico, que se conservó hasta el numero anterior, 166, dedicado al tema de la cultura popular que apareció en 1991.
Para repensar las relaciones Estado, Sociedad civil y Régimen político. Una nueva mirada conceptual
Authors: Bejarano Ana María 
Published: October 2021

El presente ensayo constituye, ante todo, una investigación al debate. Debate que, por estar planteado en el terreno puramente conceptual, no deja de tener profundas resonancias en nuestra realidad más inmediata. En Colombia se viene argumentando, desde hace algún tiempo, que buena parte de la crisis nacional responde a la precariedad del Estado, así como a la debilidad y fragmentación de la sociedad civil. Según muchos, estos dos fenómenos se encuentran en la raíz de la persistencia de las diversas modalidades de violencia y en la dificultad para articular alternativas pacíficas de solución a los conflictos.
También se atribuye a la escasa consolidación del Estado y a la fragilidad de la sociedad civil, el lento y difícil desarrollo de la democracia en nuestro país, pese a los avances normativos logrados en la Asamblea Constituyente. Tales argumentos deben ser sometido a un serio cuestionamiento ¿es el Estado colombiano realmente precario y en qué sentido?; ¿podemos referirnos a una sociedad civil débil y fragmentada para caracterizar a la sociedad colombiana?; si las dos respuestas son afirmativas, entonces, ¿cuáles son las causad de la precariedad del Estado y la debilidad de la sociedad civil en nuestro caso particular?