bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of high-protein distillers dried grains on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs
Authors: Rao Zhong-Xing , Goodband Robert D , Tokach Mike D , Dritz Steve S , Woodworth Jason C , DeRouchey Joel M , Calderone Hilda I , Wilken Mallorie F 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA total of 1,890 growing-finishing pigs (PIC; 359 × 1,050; initially 27.1 kg) were used in a 124-d growth trial to compare the effects of high-protein distillers dried grains (HPDDG; 39% crude protein [CP]) or conventional distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 29% CP) on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial with main effects of distillers dried grains source (conventional DDGS or HPDDG) and level (15% or 30%). A corn–soybean meal-based diet served as the control and allowed linear and quadratic level effects to be determined within each distillers dried grains (DDG) source. All diets were formulated on an equal standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys-basis with diets containing HPDDG having less soybean meal than diets with conventional DDGS. Pens were assigned to treatments in a randomized complete block design with initial weight as the blocking factor. There were 27 pigs per pen and 14 pens per treatment. Overall, increasing conventional DDGS decreased (linear, P &lt; 0.04) final body weight (BW), whereas increasing HPDDG tended to decrease (linear, P = 0.065) final BW. The decreased final BW was a result of decreased (linear, P &lt; 0.01) ADG in the grower phase of the study as either DDG source increased. However, there were no differences observed in the finisher phase or overall ADG between pigs fed either DDG source or either inclusion level. Pigs fed HPDDG had decreased (P &lt; 0.001) ADFI and increased (P &lt; 0.001) G:F compared with those fed conventional DDGS. For carcass traits, increasing either conventional DDGS or HPDDG decreased carcass yield and HCW (linear, P &lt; 0.02); however, there were no differences between pigs fed HPDDG or conventional DDGS. Iodine value (IV) increased (linear, P &lt; 0.02) with increasing DDG and was greater (P &lt; 0.001) in pigs fed HPDDG than conventional DDGS. In summary, pigs fed HPDDG had no evidence of difference in overall ADG compared to pigs fed conventional DDGS, but had greater overall G:F. Carcass fat IV was also greater in pigs fed HPDDG compared with pigs fed conventional DDGS. These differences were probably due to the difference in oil content.
A Mobility Measure for Inpatient Rehabilitation Using Multigroup, Multidimensional Methods
Authors: Deom Caitlin E. , Carpenter Julia , Bodine Andrew J. , Taylor Sally M. , Heinemann Allen W. , Lieber Richard L. , Sliwa James A. 
Published: March 2021

Background and Purpose:
Inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRFs) report patient functional status to Medicare and other payers using Quality Indicators (QI). While the QI is useful for payment purposes, its measurement properties are limited for monitoring patient progress. A mobility measure based on QI items and additional standardized assessments may enhance clinicians' ability to track patient improvement. Thus, we developed the Mobility Ability Quotient (Mobility AQ) to assess mobility during inpatient rehabilitation.

Methods:
For 10 036 IRF inpatients, we extracted assessments from electronic health records, used confirmatory factor analysis to define subdimensions of mobility, and then applied multidimensional item response theory (MIRT) methods to develop a unidimensional construct. Assessments included the QI items and standardized measures of mobility, motor performance, and wheelchair and transfer skills.

Results:
Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in good-fitting models (root-mean-square errors of approximation ≤0.08, comparative fit indices, and nonnormed fit indices ≥0.95) for 3 groups defined by anticipated primary mode of locomotion at discharge—walking, wheelchair propulsion, or both. Reestimation as a multigroup, MIRT model yielded scores more sensitive to change compared with QI mobility items (d
last-first = 1.08 vs 0.60 for the QI; d
max-min = 1.16 vs 1.05 for the QI). True score equating analysis demonstrated a higher ceiling and lower floor for the Mobility AQ than the QI.

Discussion and Conclusions:
The Mobility AQ demonstrates improved sensitivity over the QI mobility items. This MIRT-based mobility measure describes patient function and progress for patients served by IRFs and has the potential to reduce assessment burden and improve communication regarding patient functional status.

Video Abstract available for more insights from authors (see the Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, available at: http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A341).
Wages, Travel, and Lodging Reimbursement by the National Kidney Registry: An Important Step Toward Financial Neutrality for Living Kidney Donors in the United States
Authors: Garg Neetika , Waterman Amy D. , Ranasinghe Omesh , Warnke Leza , Morris Jonathan , Cooper Matthew , Mandelbrot Didier A. 
Published: March 2021

Background.
Since 2007, the National Living Donor Assistance Center has provided the most financial support to US living donors meeting specific income criteria by reimbursing travel, meal, and lodging expenses. In 2019, the National Kidney Registry started providing lost wages, travel, and lodging reimbursement via their Donor Shield program. Donor Shield is automatically provided to donors who participate in kidney paired donation through the National Kidney Registry or who donate at a Donor Shield Direct center, without any income restrictions.

Methods.
The support donors across the United States received from the Donor Shield program between January 2019 and February 2020 was studied.

Results.
During the study period, 326 (25.9%) of the 1260 donors covered by Donor Shield, from 46 programs received reimbursements amounting to a total of $647 384.45, with $472 389.97 (73.0%) covering lost wages. Median reimbursement per donor was $1813.80 (range, $44.0–$165.63). Eighty-one percent of 108 reimbursed donors who were surveyed reported that the lack of these reimbursements would have posed a financial hardship, and 4% said they would have been unable to donate without this support.

Conclusions.
Expansion of lost wages reimbursement programs to all donors in the United States would be an important step toward achieving financial neutrality for this unique population and could also help meet the growing demand for transplantable organs by increasing living donation rates.
Lack ofTgfbr1andAcvr1bsynergistically stimulates myofibre hypertrophy and accelerates muscle regeneration
Authors: Hillege M.M.G. , Shi A. , Galli R.A. , Wu G. , Bertolino P. , Hoogaars W.M.H. , Jaspers R.T. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn skeletal muscle, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family growth factors, TGF-β1 and myostatin, are involved in atrophy and muscle wasting disorders. Simultaneous interference with their signalling pathways may improve muscle function, however little is known about their individual and combined receptor signalling. Here we show that inhibition of TGF-β signalling by simultaneous muscle-specific knockout of TGF-β type I receptorsTgfbr1andAcvr1bsimultaneously, induces substantial hypertrophy, while such effect does not occur by single receptor knockout. Hypertrophy is induced by increased phosphorylation of Akt and p70S6K and reduced E3 ligases expression, while myonuclear number remains unaltered. Combined knockout of both TGF-β type I receptors increases the number of satellite cells, macrophages and improves regeneration post cardiotoxin-induced injury by stimulating myogenic differentiation. Extra cellular matrix gene expression is exclusively elevated in muscle with combined receptor knockout.Tgfbr1andAcvr1bare synergistically involved in regulation of myofibre size, regeneration and collagen deposition.
Child and Pet Care‐Planning During COVID‐19: Considerations for the Evolving Family Unit
Authors: Adams Britni L. , Applebaum Jennifer W. , Eliasson Michelle N. , McDonald Shelby E. , Zsembik Barbara A. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveUsing a mixed‐methods design, we aimed to understand household dynamics and choices in hypothetical planning for child and pet care if an individual is faced with hospitalization for COVID‐19.BackgroundAs the COVID‐19 public health crisis persists, children and pets are vulnerable to caregiver hospitalization.MethodsBivariate associations from a large‐scale survey explore hypothetical options for dependent care‐planning. An open‐ended question regarding pet–child interactions is coded applying a grounded theory framework.ResultsCaregivers expect to rely on family and friends to care for children, especially young children, and pets if hospitalized. The presence of pets in the home has been predominately positive for children during the pandemic, suggesting benefits of alternative care options that keep children and pets together.ConclusionsRelying on one's social network to care for dependents if caregivers become ill from COVID‐19 could place loved ones at risk for contracting the virus, which could present obstacles to arranging care plans, especially inclusive of pets and children.ImplicationsThe changing information regarding COVID‐19 warrants that families establish concrete care plans for dependent children and pets. The spread of COVID‐19 to the most vulnerable, such as grandparents and other family who may be expected to care for dependents, could create additional public health concerns.
Whole family—based Helicobacter pylori eradication is a superior strategy to single‐infected patient treatment approach: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Jun‐Bo , Yuan Lin , Yu Xue‐Chun , Shao Qiao‐Qiao , Ma Jing , Yu Miao , Wu Yue , Qi Ya‐Bin , Hu Ruo‐Bing , Wei Pei‐Ru , Jia Bai‐Ling , Zhang Lian‐Zhong , Zhang Yan‐Rui , Ding Song‐Ze 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundTwo critical concerns during Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication are the successful eradication and recurrence. It is debatable whether whole family‐based H. pylori treatment regimen might have any advantage over single‐infected patient treatment approach in increasing eradication rate and reducing recurrence rate. We conduct systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare the efficacy of these two treatment regimens in order to provide clinical practice a better option for H. pylori eradication.MethodsRandomized controlled trials evaluating H. pylori eradication and recurrence in whole family‐based treatment group (WFTG) versus single‐infected patient treatment group (SPTG) were collected from published literature up to July 2020 from common databases. Pooled results were analyzed using either fixed‐effect or random‐effect model. Results were expressed as the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsA total of 1751 relevant articles were identified, and 12 studies were eligible for analysis. Among them: (a) Eight articles including 1198 patients were selected to analyze H. pylori eradication rate, pooled result showed that eradication rate of WFTG was higher than that of SPTG (OR=2.93; 95% CI 1.68–5.13). Stratified analysis showed that H. pylori eradication rate in WFTG were higher over SPTG in children subgroup, but had no difference in spouse subgroup. (b) Six studies including 881 patients were analyzed for recurrence rate between the two groups, pooled analysis showed that the overall recurrence rate of WFTG was lower than that of SPTG (OR=0.3; 95% CI 0.19–0.48). Stratified analysis showed that the recurrence rate in WFTG was lower over SPTG at 6, 12, 18, and more than 24 months post‐treatment subgroups.ConclusionWhole family‐based H. pylori treatment can partially increase eradication rate and reduce recurrence rate over single‐infected patient treatment approach, the results provide clinical practice a novel notion for H. pylori eradication and infection prevention.
Hypoglycin A absorption in sheep without concurrent clinical or biochemical evidence of disease
Authors: González‐Medina Sonia , Bevin William , Alzola‐Domingo Rafael , Chang Yu‐Mei , Piercy Richard J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundHypoglycin A (HGA) intoxication after ingestion of Acer spp. tree material has never been confirmed in domesticated ruminants despite their similar grazing habitats.ObjectivesTo investigate whether sheep have low HGA bioavailability caused by rumen HGA breakdown.AnimalsStomach and rumen fluid samples from 5 adult horses and 5 adult sheep respectively. Residual serum samples from 30 ewes and lambs.MethodsExperimental and retrospective cohort study. Hypoglycin A concentration was quantified in horse gastric and sheep ruminal samples after in vitro incubation with Acer pseudoplatanus seeds. Serum samples from grazing sheep (n = 20) and nursing lambs (n = 10) obtained before and after their release onto pastures with and without Sycamore seedlings were analyzed for HGA and methylenecyclopropyl‐acetic acid carnitine, and serum biochemistry.ResultsNeither ovine rumen nor equine gastric fluid affected HGA content in samples incubated for up to 2 hours. Despite HGA's detection in serum from sheep (n = 13/15; median, 23.71 ng/mL; range, 5.62‐126.4 ng/mL) grazing contaminated pastures and in their nursing lambs (n = 2/5; median, 12.5 ng/mL; range, 8.82‐15.67 ng/mL), there was no apparent clinical or subclinical disease.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAny reduced sensitivity to HGA intoxication in sheep seems unrelated to ruminal degradation. Serum HGA concentrations in sheep were similar to those of subclinically affected atypical myopathy horses. Any reduced sensitivity of sheep to HGA might be related to greater metabolic resistance rather than selective grazing habits or lower bioavailability. Hypoglycin A was found in nursing lambs, suggesting that HGA is excreted in milk.
Comparison of Tri‐Lock Bone Preservation Stem and the Conventional Standard Corail Stem in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Guo Jiang , Tan Jie , Peng Lei , Song Qian , Kong Hao‐ran , Wang Peng , Shen Hui‐yong 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveTo compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes between the Tri‐Lock Bone Preservation Stem (BPS) and the conventional standard Corail stem in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsFrom March 2012 to May 2014, we retrospectively reviewed 84 patients (104 hips) who received Tri‐Lock (BPS) and 84 patients (115 hips) who received conventional standard Corail stem in THA. Their mean ages were 53.12 ± 2.32 years and 52.00 ± 2.11 years, respectively. The clinical outcomes were assessed by Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Harris Hip Score (HHS). The radiological outcomes were evaluated by the radiological examination. Accordingly, Intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed as well.ResultsThe mean follow‐up time was 48.23 ± 2.91 months in the Tri‐Lock (BPS) group and 49.11 ± 2.11 months in the Corail group, respectively. The bleeding volumes in two groups were comparable (169.22 ± 58.11 mL vs 179.30 ± 59.14 mL, P = 0.003), with more bleeding volume in Corail group patients, while no statistically significance with respect to operation time was observed (65.41 ± 6.24 min vs 63.99 ± 6.33 min, P = 0.567). The rates of intraoperative fracture was 8% for the Corail group while 1% for the Tri‐Lock (BPS) group (8% vs 1%, P = 0.030). At final follow‐up, no statistical differences in regard to HHS, WOMAC, and Pain VAS were revealed between the two groups (P > 0.05). The rate of thigh pain was higher in Corail group than in Tri‐lock (BPS) group (5% vs 0%, P = 0.043). However, incidence of stress shielding in grade 1 was higher in Tri‐Lock (BPS) than in the Corail group (76% vs 23%, P < 0.01), while those in grade 2 and 3 were lower compared to the Corail stem (15% vs 28%, P < 0.01; 9% vs 16%, P = 0.008, respectively). Intriguingly, other assessments in relation to radiographic outcomes and postoperative complications were not comparable between the two groups. The Kaplan–Meier survival rate (revision surgery performed for any reason was defined as the end point) was similar between the two groups (P = 0.57), with 98.8% (95% confidence interval, 92.3%–100%) in Tri‐lock (BPS) group and 97.6% (95% confidence interval, 94.6%–100%) in Corail group.ConclusionsThe Tri‐Lock (BPS) has similar clinic performances compared to the Corail stem. Furthermore, the Tri‐lock (BPS) stem has some advantages in achieving lower incidence of thigh pain, stress shielding and intra‐operative fracture. Therefore, we recommend the Tri‐lock (BPS) stem as a good alternative in primary total hip arthroplasty, especially taking into account patient factors, including bone deficiency and convenience of extraction of the stem in hip revision.
Efficient GSW-Style Fully Homomorphic Encryption over the Integers
Authors: Zhao Jianan , Huang Ruwei , Yang Bo 
Published: March 2021

We propose a GSW-style fully homomorphic encryption scheme over the integers (FHE-OI) that is more efficient than the prior work by Benarroch et al. (PKC 2017). To reduce the expansion of ciphertexts, our scheme consists of two types of ciphertexts: integers and vectors. Moreover, the computational efficiency in the homomorphic evaluation can be improved by hybrid homomorphic operations between integers and vectors. In particular, when performing vector-integer multiplications, the evaluation has the computational complexity of

Ο

γ

log

γ

and thus outperforms all prior FHE-OI schemes. To slow down the noise growth in homomorphic multiplications, we introduce a new noise management method called sequentialization; therefore, the noise in the resulting ciphertext increases by a factor of

l
⋅
poly

λ

rather than

poly

λ

l

in general multiplications, where

l

is the number of multiplications. As a result, the circuit with larger multiplicative depth can be evaluated under the same parameter settings. Finally, to further reduce the size of ciphertexts, we apply ciphertext truncation and obtain the integer ciphertext of size

Ο

λ

log

λ

, thus additionally reducing the size of the vector ciphertext in Benarroch’s scheme from

Ο
˜

λ

4

to

Ο

λ

2

log

2

λ

.
A systematic review of the antidepressant effects of curcumin: Beyond monoamines theory
Authors: Matias Julia Novaes , Achete Gabriela , Campanari Gyovanna Sorrentino dos Santos , Guiguer Élen Landgraf , Araújo Adriano Cressoni , Buglio Daiene Santos , Barbalho Sandra Maria 
Published: March 2021

Background: Depression is a severe, chronic, and recurring mental health disorder, which prevalence and morbimortality have increased in recent years. Several theories are proposed to elucidate the mechanisms of depression, such as the involvement of inflammation and the release of cytokines. Alternative treatments have been developed to improve outcomes of the commonly used drugs, and the use of Curcuma longa stands out. Its primary compound is named curcumin that exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Aims: Several studies have shown that curcumin may play antidepressant actions and, therefore, this study aimed to perform a systematic review of the antidepressant effects of curcumin to evaluate the impact of this compound in the treatment of this condition. Methods: This systematic review has included studies available in MEDLINE–PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases, and the final selection included 10 randomized clinical trials. Conclusion: Curcumin improves depressant and anxiety behavior in humans. It can increase monoamines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and may inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and neuronal apoptosis in the brain. Systemically, curcumin enhanced insulin sensitivity, reduced cortisol levels, and reversed metabolic abnormalities. Studies with larger samples and standardized dose and formulation are required to demonstrate the benefits of curcumin in depression treatment since there are many variations in this compound’s use.
Diagnostic Reference Levels for Common Orthopedic Hand and Wrist Procedures Using Intraoperative Mini C-arm Fluoroscopy
Authors: Madhvani Kiran R. , Clark Matthew J. R. , Kocheta Alex A. J. 
Published: March 2021

Background: Diagnostic reference levels are radiation dose levels in medical radiodiagnostic practices for typical examinations for groups of standard-sized individuals for broadly defined types of equipment. This study aimed to contribute to national diagnostic reference levels for common hand and wrist procedures using mini C-arm fluoroscopy. Small joint and digital fracture procedure diagnostic reference levels have not been reported in significant numbers previously with procedure-level stratification. Methods: Data were collected from fluoroscopy logbooks and were cross-referenced against the audit log kept on fluoroscopy machines. A total of 603 procedures were included. Results: The median radiation dose for wrist fracture open fixation was 2.73 cGycm2, Kirschner wiring (K-wiring) procedures was 2.36 cGycm2, small joint arthrodesis was 1.20 cGycm2, small joint injections was 0.58 cGycm2, and phalangeal fracture fixation was 1.05 cGycm2. Conclusions: Wrist fracture fixation used higher radiation doses than phalangeal fracture fixation, arthrodeses, and injections. Injections used significantly less radiation than the other procedures. There are significant differences in total radiation doses when comparing these procedures in hand and wrist surgery. National and international recommendations are that institutional audit data should be collected regularly and should be stratified by procedure type. This study helps to define standards for this activity by adding to the data available for wrist fracture diagnostic reference levels and defining standards for digital and injection procedures.
Research and Test of Three-Pulley Noncircular Synchronous Pulley Transmission Mechanism with Minimum Slack
Authors: Chen Jianneng , Sun Xincheng , Wu Chuanyu , Xiao Dadu , Ye Jun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe noncircular synchronous belt drive mechanism has demonstrated certain achievements and has been used in special fields. Research regarding noncircular synchronous belt drive mechanisms has focused on optimization design and kinematic analysis in China, whereas two pulley noncircular synchronous belt transmissions have been developed overseas. However, owing to the noncircular characteristics of the belt pulley, the real-time variation in the belt length slack during the transmission of the noncircular synchronous belt is significant, resulting in high probabilities of skipping and vibration. In this study, a noncircular tensioning pulley is added to create a stable three-pulley noncircular synchronous belt driving mechanism and a good synchronous belt tensioning, with no skipping; hence, the non-uniform output characteristic of the driven pulley is consistent with the theoretical value. In the circular noncircular noncircular three-pulley noncircular synchronous belt mechanism, the pitch curve of the driving synchronous belt pulley is circular, whereas those of the driven synchronous belt and tensioning pulleys are noncircular. To minimize the slack of the belt length of the synchronous belt and the constraint of the concavity and circumference of the tensioning pulley, an automatic optimization model of the tensioning pulley pitch curve is established. The motion simulation, analysis, and optimization code for a three-belt-pulley noncircular synchronous belt drive mechanism is written, and the variation in belt length slack under different speed ratios is analyzed based on several examples. The testbed for a circular–noncircular–noncircular three-pulley noncircular synchronous belt transmission mechanism is developed. The test shows that the three-pulley noncircular synchronous belt drives well. This study proposes an automatic optimization algorithm for the tensioning pulley pitch curve of a noncircular synchronous belt transmission mechanism; it yields a stable transmission of the noncircular synchronous belt transmission mechanism as well as non-uniform output characteristics.