bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Typology of actors’ influence strategies in intersectoral governance process in Montreal, Canada
Authors: Borvil Achille Dadly , Kishchuk Natalie , Potvin and Louise 
Published: April 2021

SummaryThe objective of this article is to document the strategies developed by actors from different sectors during the processes of intersectoral governance. As a case study, the article focuses on the process of renegotiating the Terms of Reference of the Montreal Initiative for Local Social Development, a regional intersectoral intervention with the mission of guiding and supporting the actions of local intersectoral coalitions referred to as Neighbourhood Round Tables. The renegotiation process was marked by crisis in intersectoral governance. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 16 actors representing the four sectors involved in the intersectoral governance process, about four systematically selected critical incidents. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and coded using QDAMiner software. Interpretive and cross-sectional thematic analysis was conducted to assign meaning to the results. Results show that the actors developed intersectoral (shared or mediated) strategies and intrasectoral (creative unilateral, power-based unilateral or multilateral) strategies to influence collective decisions. The strategies, presented in a proposed typology, were distinguishable by their goals, their organizational origin, the actors involved and their fundamental mechanisms. Intersectoral strategies were developed at the regional level and aimed to promote or defend collective interests. In contrast, intrasectoral strategies sought to protect sectoral interests. The findings illustrate how actors’ strategies operate within intersectoral governance processes. They show that collective decisions are shaped by the strategies created both at the boundaries of, and within, sectors. The proposed typology, if validated and applied to other cases, may help better understand how partners interact to influence collective decision-making.
Comparative thermal performance among four young-of-the-year temperate reef fish species
Authors: Schaal Sara M , Lotterhos Katie E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Identifying the role of temperature on species-specific performance is critical for predicting how species will respond to temperature increases expected under climate change. We compared the thermal performance of two sympatric Pacific rockfish species complexes (controls for relatedness and geographic location) that vary in larval life-history traits associated with different oceanographic regimes including temperature during early life-history stages: the BY complex (Black: Sebastes melanops, Yellowtail: S. flavidus) and the CQ complex (Copper: S. caurinus, Quillback: S. maliger). By using controlled experiments, we evaluated foraging activity, growth, and survival of young-of-the-year rockfish recruits under current and future habitat temperatures over a 14-day time period indicative of marine heatwave events expected with climate change. BY rockfish displayed a heat-intolerant behaviour by only foraging at temperatures within current habitat temperatures, whereas the CQ rockfish displayed a heat-tolerant behaviour by actively foraging at temperatures above current and future predicted temperatures for a limited time. Although growth and survival in each species significantly declined with temperature, the magnitude of the effect did not vary between species. Taken together, our results show that rockfish are capable of using different behavioural strategies to cope with warming and may be differentially impacted by future climate conditions.
Monitoring of three-phase variations in the mortality of COVID-19 pandemic using control charts: where does Pakistan stand?
Authors: Mahmood Yasar , Ishtiaq Sunaina , Khoo Michael B C , Teh Sin Yin , Khan Hina 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
At the end of December 2019, the world in general and Wuhan, the industrial hub of China, in particular, experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. Massive increment of cases and deaths occurred in China and 209 countries in Europe, America, Australia, Asia and Pakistan. Pakistan was first hit by COVID-19 when a case was reported in Karachi on 26 February 2020. Several methods were presented to model the death rate due to the COVID-19 pandemic and to forecast the pinnacle of reported deaths. Still, these methods were not used in identifying the first day when Pakistan enters or exits the early exponential growth phase.

Objective
The present study intends to monitor variations in deaths and identify the growth phases such as pre-growth, growth, and post-growth phases in Pakistan due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
New approaches are needed that display the death patterns and signal an alarming situation so that corrective actions can be taken before the condition worsens. To meet this purpose, secondary data on daily reported deaths in Pakistan due to the COVID-19 pandemic have been considered. The $ c$ and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control charts have been used for monitoring variations.

Results
The $ c$-chart shows that Pakistan switches from the pre-growth to the growth phase on 31 March 2020. The EWMA chart demonstrates that Pakistan remains in the growth phase from 31 March 2020 to 17 August 2020, with some indications signaling a decrease in deaths. It is found that Pakistan moved to a post-growth phase for a brief period from 27 July 2020 to 28 July 2020. Pakistan switches to re-growth phase with an alarm on 31/7/2020, right after the short-term post-growth phase. The number of deaths starts decreasing in August in that Pakistan may approach the post-growth phase shortly.

Conclusion
This amalgamation of control charts illustrates a systematic implementation of the charts for government leaders and forefront medical teams to facilitate the rapid detection of daily reported deaths due to COVID-19. Besides government and public health officials, it is also the public’s responsibility to follow the enforced standard operating procedures as a temporary remedy of this pandemic in ensuring public safety while awaiting a suitable vaccine to be discovered.
Education: The role of the first siderophore cephalosporin Fetcroja® (cefiderocol) in UK clinical practice: introduction
Authors: Hussain Abid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Welcome to this special JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance Supplement, which is sponsored by Shionogi BV. The march of increasing Gram-negative resistance is relentless, and in the last 10 years we have seen a development in the pipeline of antimicrobials targeting the most resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Within this Supplement, we will present the current landscape for Gram-negative treatments, the launch data for cefiderocol, UK potential positioning and examples of early use. The prescribing information for cefiderocol is available at: https://shionogi-eu-content.com/gb/fetcroja/pi.
The Use of Frozen, Food-Grade Blood to Successfully Maintain Colonies of Four Species of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Tyler-Julian Kara , Darrisaw Constance , Lloyd Aaron , Hoel David 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAn essential component of all mosquito-rearing activities is the act of blood-feeding the mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Many options exist for this purpose including live host animals and a diverse array of artificial-feeding methods. Most of the published artificial-feeding methods involve expensive materials, custom-built devices, or are labor-intensive. All of the previously published methods utilize blood sources, which are either expensive, or difficult to obtain. Additionally, much of the research into artificial blood-feeding methods for mosquitoes has focused on two species: Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse). This article presents a modified artificial blood-feeding method that uses affordable and easily sourced materials, does not require any technical knowledge to assemble, and requires minimal time and effort. The combination of inexpensive aluminum plates, Parafilm and polytetrafluoroethylene tape membranes, an electric germination mat, and frozen, food-grade blood produces exceptional feeding rates and abundant egg production. The method has been used for 2 yr at the Lee County Mosquito Control District to successfully maintain laboratory colonies of four species of mosquito: Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, Aedes taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann), and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say). Variations of this method are reported, which can be used for wild and laboratory colonies of multiple species. This modified method is highly accessible for any small-scale mosquito rearing facility with labor or budgetary constraints.
Accidental Injuries in Preschoolers: Are We Missing an Opportunity for Early Assessment and Intervention?
Authors: Allan Carla C , DeShazer Madeline , Staggs Vincent S , Nadler Cy , Crawford Trista Perez , Moody Simone , Chacko Anil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objective
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at risk for accidental injuries, but little is known about age-related changes in early childhood. We predicted that ADHD would be associated with greater frequency and volume of accidental injuries. We explored associations between ADHD and injury types and examined age-related changes within the preschool period.

Methods
Retrospective chart review data of 21,520 preschool children with accidental injury visits within a large pediatric hospital network were examined. We compared children with ADHD (n = 524) and without ADHD (n = 20,996) on number of injury visits by age, total number of injury visits, injury volume, and injury type.

Results
Children with ADHD averaged fewer injury visits at age 3 and 90% more visits at age 6. Children with ADHD had injury visits in more years during the 3–6 age. There were no differences in injury volumes. Among patients with an injury visit at age 3, children with ADHD had 6 times the probability of a subsequent visit at age 6. At age 3, children with ADHD were estimated to have 50% fewer injury visits than children without ADHD, but by age 6, children with ADHD had an estimated 74% more injury visits than children without ADHD. Risk for several injury types for children with ADHD exceeded that for patients without ADHD by at least 50%.

Conclusions
Early identification and treatment of preschool ADHD following accidental injury may prevent subsequent injuries. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed with emphasis on the maintenance of parental monitoring into the older preschool years.
Peritonitis due to colon mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Villavicencio Rafael , Ávalos Claudia P 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma is a rare and aggressive type of B-cell non-Hodking lymphoma. It can compromise the gastrointestinal tract, sometimes developing an entity known as multiple lymphomatous polyposis. It develops more frequently in males in the sixth decade of life, presenting heterogeneous clinical patterns. The diagnostic is endoscopic with histological confirmation. Currently, the treatment is chemotherapy, reserving surgical exploration of the abdominal cavity for complicated cases with acute abdomen. We present the case of a 51-year-old woman who underwent emergency surgery to treat peritonitis due perforation of a multiple lymphomatoid polyposis, an unreported atypical complication. It is concluded that although it is an extremely rare entity, it is important to include it in the differential diagnosis of complicated multiple colon polyposis.
A Persistent Positive Antibody Test in a Patient with No History of COVID-19 Infection
Authors: McMurry Jordan , Fink Ezekiel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAntibody testing for SARS-CoV-2 has been established as a tool with broad utility in the surveillance and control of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, because of limited knowledge about the duration of humoral immunity to COVID-19 and the existence of unique individual immune responses, the potential role of antibody testing in the diagnosis of current and past infections of COVID-19 remains ambiguous. Herein, we describe a unique case of an asymptomatic patient showing a persistent positive total antibody test for SARS-CoV-2 while testing negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and IgG-specific antibodies. This case study shows how a combination of tests can be employed to identify a false positive and draw conclusions about a patient’s COVID-19 status. It also highlights the complexity of using antibody testing for the diagnosis of COVID-19.
Measuring H0 using X-ray and SZ effect observations of dynamically relaxed galaxy clusters
Authors: Wan Jenny T , Mantz Adam B , Sayers Jack , Allen Steven W , Morris R Glenn , Golwala Sunil R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We use a sample of 14 massive, dynamically relaxed galaxy clusters to constrain the Hubble constant, H0, by combining X-ray and Sunyaev–Zel’dovich (SZ) effect signals measured with Chandra, Planck, and Bolocam. This is the first such analysis to marginalize over an empirical, data-driven prior on the overall accuracy of X-ray temperature measurements, while our restriction to the most relaxed, massive clusters also minimizes astrophysical systematics. For a cosmological-constant model with Ωm = 0.3 and ΩΛ = 0.7, we find $H_0 = 67.3^{+21.3}_{-13.3}\, \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}\, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$, limited by the temperature calibration uncertainty (compared to the statistically limited constraint of $H_0 = 72.3^{+7.6}_{-7.6}\, \mathrm{km}\, \mathrm{s}^{-1}\, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$). The intrinsic scatter in the X-ray/SZ pressure ratio is found to be 13 ± 4 per cent (10 ± 3 per cent when two clusters with significant galactic dust emission are removed from the sample), consistent with being primarily due to triaxiality and projection. We discuss the prospects for reducing the dominant systematic limitation to this analysis, with improved X-ray calibration and/or precise measurements of the relativistic SZ effect providing a plausible route to per cent level constraints on H0.
MEVITEM—a phase I/II trial of vismodegib + temozolomide vs temozolomide in patients with recurrent/refractory medulloblastoma with Sonic Hedgehog pathway activation
Authors: Frappaz Didier , Barritault Marc , Montané Laure , Laigle-Donadey Florence , Chinot Olivier , Le Rhun Emilie , Bonneville-Levard Alice , Hottinger Andreas F , Meyronnet David , Bidaux Anne-Sophie , Garin Gwenaële , Pérol David 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Vismodegib specifically inhibits Sonic Hedgehog (SHH). We report results of a phase I/II evaluating vismodegib + temozolomide (TMZ) in immunohistochemically defined SHH recurrent/refractory adult medulloblastoma.

Methods
TMZ-naïve patients were randomized 2:1 to receive vismodegib + TMZ (arm A) or TMZ (arm B). Patients previously treated with TMZ were enrolled in an exploratory cohort of vismodegib (arm C). If the safety run showed no excessive toxicity, a Simon’s 2-stage phase II design was planned to explore the 6-month progression-free survival (PFS-6). Stage II was to proceed if arm A PFS-6 was ≥3/9 at the end of stage I.

Results
A total of 24 patients were included: arm A (10), arm B (5), and arm C (9). Safety analysis showed no excessive toxicity. At the end of stage I, the PFS-6 of arm A was 20% (2/10 patients, 95% unilateral lower confidence limit: 3.7%) and the study was prematurely terminated. The overall response rates (ORR) were 40% (95% CI, 12.2-73.8) and 20% (95% CI, 0.5-71.6) in arm A and B, respectively. In arm C, PFS-6 was 37.5% (95% CI, 8.8-75.5) and ORR was 22.2% (95% CI, 2.8-60.0). Among 11 patients with an expected sensitivity according to new generation sequencing (NGS), 3 had partial response (PR), 4 remained stable disease (SD) while out of 7 potentially resistant patients, 1 had PR and 1 SD.

Conclusion
The addition of vismodegib to TMZ did not add toxicity but failed to improve PFS-6 in SHH recurrent/refractory medulloblastoma. Prediction of sensitivity to vismodegib needs further refinements.
Numerical study of stellar core collapse and neutrino emission using the nuclear equation of state obtained by the variational method
Authors: Nakazato Ken’ichiro , Sumiyoshi Kohsuke , Togashi Hajime 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Core-collapse simulations of massive stars are performed using the equation of state (EOS) based on the microscopic variational calculation with realistic nuclear forces. Progenitor models with initial masses of 15, 9.6, and 30 $M$⊙ are adopted as examples of an ordinary core-collapse supernova with a shock stall, a low-mass supernova with a successful explosion, and black hole formation, respectively. Moreover, the neutrinos emitted from the stellar collapse are assessed. The variational EOS is confirmed to work well in all cases. The EOS dependencies of the dynamics, thermal structure, and neutrino emission of the stellar collapse are also investigated.
Inequality hinders group efforts to avoid environmental disasters
Authors: Brown Thomas C , Kroll Stephan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Using a threshold public good experiment, we examine how varying degrees of inequality in resources and differences in risk of loss among players affect the success of group efforts to avoid a common loss. We find that when the poor face greater risk than the rich, contributions and success in reaching the threshold decrease with increasing inequality in funds available. This occurs not because the poor do not make a greater effort when they face higher risk but rather because the rich, who control most of the resources, tend to lower their contributions when they face the lower risk, and because a subset of the rich are not averse to inequality. These results highlight the challenges confronting parties in real-world situations, such as forest communities threatened by wildfire or countries confronting climate change, where group efforts are necessary if losses are to be avoided and the parties differ widely in available resources and in the risks they face.
The Analysis of Non-conviction-Based Property Confiscation and Forfeiture Regulatory Regime in Botswana
Authors: Mogomotsi Goemeone E J 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Civil (non-conviction based) property forfeiture and confiscation laws are an important aspect of legal regimes for combating organized crime. Although they have recently gained notoriety, property confiscation regimes have been available in some legal system since time immemorial. Botswana has recently enacted the Proceeds and Instruments of Crime Act (PICA) as the main source of law against financial and organized crimes including terrorist financing, money laundering, and racketeering. Furthermore, PICA provides for the regulatory framework relating to both criminal and civil assets confiscation or forfeiture. This article examines the substantive provisions relating to non-conviction-based assets forfeiture in Botswana. It underscores the sanctity of private property rights as the basis of having both substantive and procedural aspects for their deprivation. Furthermore, this article highlights the existence and importance of interim measures available to the state pending the finalization of confiscation proceedings. The prevailing legislative regime attempts to balance the interests of property owners, third parties, and that of the state. This article concludes that the civil forfeiture regime in Botswana reflects the full domestication of international standards.
Thermal oscillations enable reshuffling of genetic material in a primitive cell cycle
Authors: Rubio-Sánchez Roger , O’Flaherty Derek , Wang Anna , Coscia Francesca , Di Michele Lorenzo , Cicuta Pietro , Bonfio Claudia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSelf-assembling single-chain amphiphiles available in the prebiotic environment likely played a fundamental role in the advent of primitive cell cycles. However, the instability of prebiotic fatty acid-based membranes to temperature and pH seems to suggest that primitive cells could only host prebiotically-relevant processes in a narrow range of non-fluctuating environmental conditions. Here we propose a novel primitive cell cycle driven by environmental fluctuations, which enable the generation of daughter protocells with reshuffled content. A reversible membrane-to-oil phase transition accounts for the dissolution of fatty acid-based vesicles at high temperatures, and the concomitant release of genetic content. At low temperatures, fatty acid bilayers reassemble and encapsulate reshuffled genetic material in a new cohort of protocells. Notably, we find that our disassembly/reassembly cycle drives the emergence of functional RNA-containing primitive cells from parent non-functional compartments. Thus, by exploiting the intrinsic instability of prebiotic fatty acid vesicles, our results point at an environmentally-driven tunable primitive cell cycle, which supports the release and reshuffle of protocellular genetic and membrane components, potentially leading to a new generation of protocells with superior traits. In the absence of protocellular transport machinery, the environmentally-driven disassembly/assembly cycle proposed herein would have supported genetic content reshuffling transmitted to primitive cell progeny, hinting at a potential mechanism important to initiate Darwinian evolution of early lifeforms.
Time-varying Dynamic Network Model For Dynamic Resting State Functional Connectivity in fMRI and MEG imaging
Authors: Jiang Fei , Jin Huaqing , Gao Yijing , Xie Xihe , Cummings Jennifer , Raj Ashish , Nagarajan Srikantan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDynamic resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) characterizes fluctuations that occurs over time in functional brain networks. Existing methods to extract dynamic RSFCs, such as sliding-window and clustering methods, have various limitations due to their inherent non-adaptive nature and high-dimensionality including an inability to reconstruct brain signals, insufficiency of data for reliable estimation, insensitivity to rapid changes in dynamics, and a lack of generalizability across multimodal functional imaging datasets. To overcome these deficiencies, we develop a novel and unifying time-varying dynamic network (TVDN) framework for examining dynamic resting state functional connectivity. TVDN includes a generative model that describes the relation between low-dimensional dynamic RSFC and the brain signals, and an inference algorithm that automatically and adaptively learns to detect dynamic state transitions in data and a low-dimensional manifold of dynamic RSFC. TVDN is generalizable to handle multimodal functional neuroimaging data (fMRI and MEG/EEG). The resulting estimated low-dimensional dynamic RSFCs manifold directly links to the frequency content of brain signals. Hence we can evaluate TVDN performance by examining whether learnt features can reconstruct observed brain signals. We conduct comprehensive simulations to evaluate TVDN under hypothetical settings. We then demonstrate the application of TVDN with real fMRI and MEG data, and compare the results with existing benchmarks. Results demonstrate that TVDN is able to correctly capture the dynamics of brain activity and more robustly detect brain state switching both in resting state fMRI and MEG data.