bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of esophageal balloon use for the titration of airway pressure release ventilation and controlled mechanical ventilation in a patient with extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome: a case report
Authors: Arellano-Pérez Óscar , Castillo Merino Felipe , Torres-Tejeiro Roberto , Ugarte Ubiergo Sebastián 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
Esophageal pressure measurement is a minimally invasive monitoring process that assesses respiratory mechanics in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Airway pressure release ventilation is a relatively new positive pressure ventilation modality, characterized by a series of advantages in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Case presentation
We report a case of a 55-year-old chilean female, with preexisting hypertension and recurrent renal colic who entered the cardiosurgical intensive care unit with signs and symptoms of urinary sepsis secondary to a right-sided obstructive urolithiasis. At the time of admission, the patient showed signs of urinary sepsis, a poor overall condition, hemodynamic instability, tachycardia, hypotension, and needed vasoactive drugs. Initially the patient was treated with volume control ventilation. Then, ventilation was with conventional ventilation parameters described by the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network. However, hemodynamic complications led to reduced airway pressure. Later she presented intraabdominal hypertension that compromised the oxygen supply and her ventilation management. Considering these records, an esophageal manometry was used to measure distending lung pressure, that is, transpulmonary pressure, to protect lungs. Initial use of the esophageal balloon was in a volume-controlled modality (deep sedation), which allowed the medical team to perform inspiratory and expiratory pause maneuvers to monitor transpulmonary plateau pressure as a substitute for pulmonary distension and expiratory pause and determine transpulmonary positive end-expiratory pressure. On the third day of mechanical respiration, the modality was switched to airway pressure release ventilation. The use of airway pressure release ventilation was associated with reduced hemodynamic complications and kept transpulmonary pressure between 0 and 20 cmH2O despite a sustained high positive end-expiratory pressure of 20 cmH2O.

Conclusion
The application of this technique is shown in airway pressure release ventilation with spontaneous ventilation, which is then compared with a controlled modality that requires a lesser number of sedative doses and vasoactive drugs, without altering the criteria for lung protection as guided by esophageal manometry.
The combined action of Esrrb and Nr5a2 is essential for murine naïve pluripotency
Authors: Festuccia Nicola , Owens Nick , Chervova Almira , Dubois Agnès , Navarro Pablo 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
The maintenance of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is governed by the action of an interconnected network of transcription factors. Among them, only Oct4 and Sox2 have been shown to be strictly required for the self-renewal of ESCs and pluripotency, particularly in culture conditions in which differentiation cues are chemically inhibited. Here, we report that the conjunct activity of two orphan nuclear receptors, Esrrb and Nr5a2, parallels the importance of that of Oct4 and Sox2 in naïve mouse ESCs. By occupying a large common set of regulatory elements, these two factors control the binding of Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog to DNA. Consequently, in their absence the pluripotency network collapses and the transcriptome is substantially deregulated, leading to the differentiation of ESCs. Altogether, this work identifies orphan nuclear receptors, previously thought to be performing supportive functions, as a set of core regulators of naïve pluripotency.
Live imaging of adult zebrafish cardiomyocyte proliferation ex vivo
Authors: Honkoop Hessel , Nguyen Phong D. , van der Velden Veronique E. M. , Sonnen Katharina F. , Bakkers Jeroen 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACT
Zebrafish are excellent at regenerating their heart by reinitiating proliferation in pre-existing cardiomyocytes. Studying how zebrafish achieve this holds great potential in developing new strategies to boost mammalian heart regeneration. Nevertheless, the lack of appropriate live-imaging tools for the adult zebrafish heart has limited detailed studies into the dynamics underlying cardiomyocyte proliferation. Here, we address this by developing a system in which cardiac slices of the injured zebrafish heart are cultured ex vivo for several days while retaining key regenerative characteristics, including cardiomyocyte proliferation. In addition, we show that the cardiac slice culture system is compatible with live timelapse imaging and allows manipulation of regenerating cardiomyocytes with drugs that normally would have toxic effects that prevent their use. Finally, we use the cardiac slices to demonstrate that adult cardiomyocytes with fully assembled sarcomeres can partially disassemble their sarcomeres in a calpain- and proteasome-dependent manner to progress through nuclear division and cytokinesis. In conclusion, we have developed a cardiac slice culture system, which allows imaging of native cardiomyocyte dynamics in real time to discover cellular mechanisms during heart regeneration.
Systematic review assessing the evidence for the use of stem cells in fracture healing
Authors: Mott Andrew , Mitchell Alex , McDaid Catriona , Harden Melissa , Grupping Rachael , Dean Alexandra , Byrne Ailish , Doherty Laura , Sharma Hemant 
Published: August 2021

AimsBone demonstrates good healing capacity, with a variety of strategies being utilized to enhance this healing. One potential strategy that has been suggested is the use of stem cells to accelerate healing.MethodsThe following databases were searched: MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, WHO-ICTRP, ClinicalTrials.gov, as well as reference checking of included studies. The inclusion criteria for the study were: population (any adults who have sustained a fracture, not including those with pre-existing bone defects); intervention (use of stem cells from any source in the fracture site by any mechanism); and control (fracture healing without the use of stem cells). Studies without a comparator were also included. The outcome was any reported outcomes. The study design was randomized controlled trials, non-randomized or observational studies, and case series.ResultsIn all, 94 eligible studies were identified. The clinical and methodological aspects of the studies were too heterogeneous for a meta-analysis to be undertaken. A narrative synthesis examined study characteristics, stem cell methods (source, aspiration, concentration, and application) and outcomes.ConclusionInsufficient high-quality evidence is available to determine the efficacy of stem cells for fracture healing. The studies were heterogeneous in population, methods, and outcomes. Work to address these issues and establish standards for future research should be undertaken. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-10:628–638.
Second-generation uncemented total hip arthroplasty: a minimum 20-year follow-up
Authors: McLaughlin Jeffrey R. , Lee Kyla R. , Johnson Mary Ann 
Published: August 2021

AimsWe present the clinical and radiological results at a minimum follow-up of 20 years using a second-generation uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA). These results are compared to our previously published results using a first-generation hip arthroplasty followed for 20 years.MethodsA total of 62 uncemented THAs in 60 patients were performed between 1993 and 1994. The titanium femoral component used in all cases was a Taperloc with a reduced distal stem. The acetabular component was a fully porous coated threaded hemispheric titanium shell (T-Tap ST). The outcome of every femoral and acetabular component with regard to retention or revision was determined for all 62 THAs. Complete clinical follow-up at a minimum of 20 years was obtained on every living patient. Radiological follow-up was obtained on all but one.ResultsTwo femoral components (3.2%) required revision. One stem was revised secondary to a periprosthetic fracture one year postoperatively and one was revised for late sepsis. No femoral component was revised for aseptic loosening. Six acetabular components had required revision, five for aseptic loosening. One additional acetabular component was revised for sepsis. Radiologically, all femoral components remained well fixed. One acetabular was judged loose by radiological criteria. The mean Harris Hip Score improved from 46 points (30 to 67) preoperatively to 89 points (78 to 100) at final follow-up. With revision for aseptic loosening as the endpoint, survival of the acetabular component was 95% (95% confidence interval (CI) 90 to 98) at 25 years. Femoral component survival was 100%.ConclusionThe most significant finding of this report was the low prevalence of aseptic loosening and revision of the femoral component at a mean follow-up of 22 years. A second important finding was the survival of over 90% of the hemispheric threaded ring acetabular components. While these shells remain controversial, in this series they performed well. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(1):33–39.
Efficient and compact thermo-optic phase shifter in silicon-rich silicon nitride
Authors: Nejadriahi Hani , Pappert Steve , Fainman Yeshaiahu , Yu Paul 
Published: August 2021

The design, fabrication, and characterization of low-loss ultra-compact bends in high-index (

n

=

3.1

at

λ
=

1550

n
m

) plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition silicon-rich silicon nitride (SRN) were demonstrated and utilized to realize efficient, small footprint thermo-optic phase shifter. Compact bends were structured into a folded waveguide geometry to form a rectangular spiral within an area of

65

×

65

µ

m

2

, having a total active waveguide length of 1.2 mm. The device featured a phase-shifting efficiency of

8

m
W

/

π

and a 3 dB switching bandwidth of 15 KHz. We propose SRN as a promising thermo-optic platform that combines the properties of silicon and stoichiometric silicon nitride.
Infrared rainbow trapping via optical Tamm modes in an one-dimensional dielectric chirped photonic crystals
Authors: Sharma Shailja , Mondal Abhishek , Das Ritwick 
Published: August 2021

The phenomenon of trapping a broad spectrum of light is known as “rainbow trapping” and is achieved by using all-dielectric, hybrid metallo-dielectric, or all-metallic configurations. The latter architectures allow strong confinement but exhibit very high ohmic losses. This results in practical lifetimes of trapped modes to less than 1 ps. Therefore, novel strategies are required to be devised for trapping and, subsequently, releasing broadband electromagnetic field with lifetime

>

1

p
s

. We present a rainbow trapping configuration using the excitation of multiple optical Tamm (OT) modes in an one-dimensional chirped photonic crystal (CPC) designed for adiabatically coupling counterpropagating modes. In the geometry, the backscattered phase undergoes multiple discontinuities (

=
π

), which enables excitation of many OT modes in the presence of a thin plasmon-active metal, which is placed adjacent to the terminating layer of CPC. All the OT modes are spatially separated in the CPC, and the strong modal confinement manifests into group velocities as low as

0.17
c

. The time-domain simulations depict mode-localization in the dielectric sections of CPC, which manifest into lifetimes

∼

3

p
s

.
Rabies epidemiology, prevention and control in Nigeria: Scoping progress towards elimination
Authors: Mshelbwala Philip P. , Weese J. Scott , Sanni-Adeniyi Olufunmilayo A. , Chakma Shovon , Okeme Stephen S. , Mamun Abdullah A. , Rupprecht Charles E. , Magalhaes R. J. Soares 
Published: August 2021

BackgroundHuman rabies remains a significant public health problem in Africa with outbreaks reported in most countries. In Nigeria–the most populous country in Africa–rabies causes a significant public health burden partly due to perennial obstacles to implementing a national prevention and control program.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review using standard Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify and select published articles from Nigeria during 1978–2020 reporting on rabies virus infections (human, canine, livestock, and wildlife), canine bites, knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) surveys on rabies and canine ecology studies. We extracted information on study location, year and additional details of each study such as rabies prevalence, general characteristics of offending dogs, dog vaccination status and health-seeking behaviours.FindingsBetween 1978 and 2020, 90 published articles met our inclusion criteria. The prevalence of rabies virus antigen detection varied between 3% and 28%, with more studies in the north. Most bites were unprovoked from dog bite studies (36.4%-97%), by dogs with low vaccination rates (12–38%). A more significant proportion of biting dogs were owned (31–90%). Laboratory confirmation for biting was available for only a small proportion of studies (6%; n = 2/32). Of the dogs surveyed during ecology studies, indigenous dogs accounted for the majority (62–98%), used mostly for security purposes (52–98%), with the vaccination rate between 15% and 38% in most states. Studies conducted in areas distant from rabies diagnostic facilities accounted for more human rabies cases and fewer dog rabies cases.ConclusionSignificant improvements are necessary to achieve the elimination of human rabies mediated via dogs by 2030.
Pharmacodynamic sodium channel blockers-induced seizure aggravation in patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy
Authors: Karlov V. A. , Vlasov P. N. , Azhigova A. M. , Kozhokaru A. B. , Orlova A. S. 
Published: August 2021

Pharmacodynamic aggravation (PA) is an unpredictable increase in the frequency, the severity of existing seizures, and/or development of new seizure types despite rational (adequate for seizure type and epilepsy form) antiepileptic drug (AED) prescription. Many mechanisms and predictors of its development are still poorly understood.Objective: to analyze PA of seizures in patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy receiving monotherapy with sodium channel blockers with epileptiform activity index (EAI) assessment.Patients and methods. We enrolled 201 patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy aged 16—81 years. In twelve months, patients had five follow-up visits. At each visit, treatment tolerability and efficacy were assessed, taking into account changes in the type, severity, and frequency of seizures. Additionally, at each visit, video-electroencephalographic monitoring was performed with EAI assessment. PA of seizures occurred in patients on oxcarbazepine, carbamazepine, and lacosamide therapy.Results and discussion. Five patients with PA of seizures had increased total EAI and EAI before sleep at the second follow-up visit after sodium channel blockers prescription. Electroencephalographic correlates of PA occurred earlier than clinical manifestations. In patients with PA, the absolute increase in EAI was minimal in patients receiving oxcarbazepine, and lacosamide therapy was associated with a minimal relative increase in EAI. At the end of the follow-up, total EAI decreased by 54—80% relative to its initial value in all five patients. The difference in the total index during the first and last visits was statistically significant.Conclusion. Due to the low level of knowledge about PA of seizures, it seems necessary to consider its possibility in all cases of increased frequency, aggravation, or change in the type of seizures after the AED treatment initiation or an increase in its dose. It is also possible to use changes in total EAI and EAI before sleep as an early objective marker of PA in adults with focal epilepsy.
Rehabilitation of patients after lumbar microdiscectomy
Authors: Prokopovich V. S. , Parfenov V. A. 
Published: August 2021

Objective: to investigate movement-based therapy (kinesitherapy) effectiveness in the rehabilitation of patients after lumbar microdiscectomy.Patients and methods. We enrolled 90 patients (33 men and 57 women, mean age — 59.78±12.0 years) after lumbar microdiscectomy due to the ineffectiveness of conservative management of discogenic lumbosacral radiculopathy. One-half of the participants (45 patients: 15 men and 30 women, mean age — 60.24±12.0 years) underwent kinesitherapy under the supervision of a physician; in other 45 patients (18 men and 27 women, mean age — 59.33±11.0 years), kinesitherapy was not included in the radiculopathy treatment protocol. We assessed pain intensity with visual analogue scale (VAS) and disability using the Roland-Morris scale (RMS) before surgery, ten days after the surgery, and 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery.Results and discussion. We observed a significant decrease in pain intensity - up to 4 points on the VAS, and an improvement in activities of daily living up to 10 points on the RMS 10 days after microdiscectomy. After six months, there was a decrease in pain intensity according to the VAS to 2 points in the kinesitherapy group and to 3 points in the group without kinesitherapy (p=0.088), as well as an improvement in activities of daily living according to RMS up to 5 points in the kinesitherapy group and up to 8 points in the group without kinesitherapy (p=0.003). Reoperations were required in two of 45 patients in the group without kinesitherapy (4.4%) and in one of 45 patients (2.2%) in the kinesitherapy group (p≥0.05).Conclusion. Kinesitherapy can improve functional recovery in patients after lumbar microdiscectomy.
Postpartum depression — risk factors, clinical and treatment aspects
Authors: Makarova M. A. , Tikhonova Yu. G. , Avdeeva T. I. , Ignatko I. V. , Kinkulkina M. A. 
Published: August 2021

Objective: to analyze the psychopathological structure, risk factors and tretment of depressive disorders in women in the postpartum period.Patients and methods. A prospective cohort study included 150 women in the postpartum period (0-3 days after birth), aged 18 to 41 years, with follow-up every two weeks for six months. The evaluation included clinical interviews, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and the 17-item Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale.Results and discussion. 11.3% of women developed depression within six weeks after childbirth. Among them, 94.2% presented with mild depression, and 5.8% - moderate. Risk factors associated with postpartum depression included: periods of low mood and anxiety before and during the current pregnancy, traumatic situations during pregnancy, unwanted pregnancy, pathology of pregnancy and childbirth, cesarean section, perinatal status, lack of breastfeeding. All women with postpartum depression were treated with rational-emotive and cognitive-behavioral therapy. A short course of pharmacotherapy was prescribed to 17.6% of them to correct insomnia and anxiety symptoms. Psychotherapy was highly efficient in the treatment of postpartum affective disorders.Conclusion. The postpartum depression prevalence was 11.3%. The severity of postpartum depression was predominantly mild, and the symptoms regressed during treatment within five months in all women.
Naming as doing: Identities, positioning, and ideologies in capital trials
Authors: Chaemsaithong Krisda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdopting a socio-pragmatic view on linguistic choices, this study aims to show how proper names come to function as an ideologically-significant resource for identity construction, impression management, and the negotiation of meaning-making. Drawing upon twelve opening addresses from the penalty phase of capital trials, the research identifies the forms, functions and frequencies of the naming choices that the prosecution and defense use to reference the defendants and victims. The findings reveal characteristic patterns in the two sides’ speeches both in terms of the naming choices and purposes for which such choices are (not) used. It is argued that, despite the defense’s attempts to neutralize the damaging effects, this value-laden practice potentially construes distance and exaggerates differences between the person on trial and the victims, and shapes the relationship between the defendant and jury in such a way that hinders empathy and understanding, thereby becoming one of the aggravating factors itself.
Two palatovelar fricatives?! the case of theich-Lautin German
Authors: Kijak Artur Konrad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study concentrates on the alternation between two dorsal fricatives: [x] and [ç] in Modern Standard German. The primary source of data for the analysis include both native German words and loanwords. Moreover, the discussion encompasses some strictly related processes such asg-spirantization [g] > [x]/[ç], e.g.Ber[ç] ‘mountain’ andTa[x] ‘day’, and coronalization [ç] > [ʃ], e.g.mi[ʃ] ‘me’ found in various German dialects and colloquial variants. Finally, since it is responsible for the appearance of both alternants in an identical context, e.g.Frau[ç]en‘woman, dim’ andrau[x]en‘to smoke’, a brief look is taken at the historical development of the diminutive suffixchen.It is argued here that in contemporary German there are two palatovelar fricatives [ç] which differ in their internal organization of the melodic content. In loanwords and in the diminutive suffix-chen, [ç] is lexically specified for palatality, while after front vowels and coronal sonorants the same fricative shares the palatality element with the preceding segment. The analysis is couched in a recent version of Element Theory and it proceeds on two assumptions: a) front vowels and coronal sonorants [l ʁ n] in German are defined by the resonance element |I| and b) [ç] is a complex segment containing two resonants |I| and |U|.
Umzugsplanung in der Reorganisation von Fabrikobjekten
Authors: Nitsche Andreas , Aurich Paul , Stonis Malte 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Die Durchführung von Umzugsprojekten im Kontext der Fabrikplanung, wie z. B. die Reorganisation von Produktionshallen, ist aufwendig und komplex. Verfahren der Projektplanung berücksichtigen meist nur zeitliche Restriktionen, räumliche Gegebenheiten werden oft vernachlässigt. Daher wird in einem Forschungsvorhaben derzeit eine Optimierungsmethode zur Umzugsplanung entwickelt, die Unternehmen als Entscheidungsunterstützung in der Gestaltung und Bewertung eines Umzugsplans verwenden können.
Potenziale einer Trockenbearbeitung beim Wälzschleifen
Authors: Krage Robin , Gentzen Jens , Kleinjans Manfred , Grinko Sergiy 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Gegenwärtig erfolgt das kontinuierliche Wälzschleifen von Verzahnungen ausschließlich unter Einsatz von Kühlschmierstoff. In einem Forschungsprojekt konnten die technische Umsetzbarkeit einer Trockenbearbeitung bzw. der Einsatz einer Minimalmengenschmierung nachgewiesen und die Einsatzpotenziale abgeleitet werden. Außerdem wurden Problemstellungen definiert, die vor einer Serienanwendung gelöst werden müssen.
Additive Fertigung in der Ersatzteillogistik
Authors: Schlögel Santina , Gutsche Katja , Kölle Oliver 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Die additive Fertigung ist für viele Unternehmen ein neues, in der industriellen Praxis selten genutztes Fertigungsverfahren. Gerade in der Ersatzteillogistik bringt sie jedoch viele Vorteile mit sich. Der vorliegende Beitrag soll daher einen Einblick über die Vorteile und vor allem über die Auswahl und Kategorisierung potenzieller Ersatzteile für die additive Fertigung geben. Es werden Analysen für die Bewertung potenzieller Ersatzteile vorgestellt und anhand einer Evaluationsstudie die Ergebnisse von additiver und konventioneller Fertigung verglichen.