bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotyping cowpea for seedling root architecture reveals root phenes important for breeding phosphorus efficient varieties
Authors: Mohammed Saba B. , Burridge James D. , Ishiyaku Mohammad F. , Boukar Ousmane , Lynch Jonathan P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) is a key climate‐resilient legume for food security, especially in sub‐Saharan Africa. Cowpea yields are limited by edaphic stresses including drought and low phosphorus (P) availability. Identifying genotypes with advantageous root phenotypes can facilitate breeding for improved yield in marginal environments. We evaluated 50 elite genotypes from African and U.S. sources for seedling root architecture and root hair length and density. Significant genotypic variation was detected for all phenes, and high heritability was observed for architectural phenotypes including primary root length (77%), basal root number (72%), and taproot branching density (67%). Moderate heritability was detected for root hair length and density among different root classes (34 to 63%), which were positively associated with each other. Principal component analysis identified three clusters, primarily defined by seed dimension and seedling root architecture. Genotypes were identified with longer root hairs (TVu‐7778, Vita7, and Sanzi) and longer taproots (IT96D‐610, IT98K‐111‐1, and IT97K‐499‐35), as potential parents. Root phenotypes, grain, and fodder yield were assessed on a subset of 20 genotypes under contrasting P availability in the field. Some seedling root phenotypes were significantly related to mature plant dry fodder weight (taproot hair density) and to grain yield (lateral root hair density) under low P. Root hairs are positively related to plant productivity under low P. We suggest selection for longer primary roots, as more basal and lateral root roots may be beneficial for cowpea in drought and low P environments. These findings suggest seedling root phenotypes can support cowpea breeding for suboptimal environments.
Fraxetin exerts anticancer effect in glioma by suppressing MiR‐21‐3p
Authors: Yao Hanxun , Li Xiaobin , Pan Xuyan , Xu Jie , Zhao Shufa , Su Zhongzhou , Qiu Sheng 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFraxetin (FXT) exerts anticancer function in multiple cancers, but its function on glioma was ill‐defined. This article expounded the mechanism by which FXT exerts an anticancer effect in glioma. The effect of gradient concentration of FXT on the viability of glioma cell lines was determined by cell counting kit 8. Effects of FXT on proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle in glioma cell lines were determined by colony formation assay, flow cytometry, and Hoechst 33342 staining. Expressions of apoptosis‐related gene, cycle‐related gene, and glioma‐related miRNAs after FXT (25 and 50 μmol/L) treatment were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot as needed. After miR‐21‐3p overexpression, cell viability and apoptosis of glioma cell lines treated with FXT (50 μmol/L) were tested again. Although 1 μmol/L FXT had no significant effect on cell viability, 5, 10, 25, and 50 μmol/L FXT suppressed cell viability in a concentration‐dependent manner. FXT inhibited proliferation, promoted apoptosis, and induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase in glioma cell lines. These effects may be achieved by elevated expressions of Bax and cleaved caspase‐3 and diminished expressions of Bcl‐2, Bcl‐XL, cyclin E1, cyclin D1, and cyclin‐dependent kinase‐6. FXT attenuated the contents of miR‐21‐3p and miR‐455‐3p, and escalated the contents of miR‐124‐3p and miR‐7‐5p. The regulation of FXT on cell viability, proliferation and apoptosis was reversed by miR‐21‐3p overexpression. FXT suppressed the development of glioma cells by downregulating miR‐21‐3p.
A Fully Printable Hole‐Transporter‐Free Semi‐Transparent Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Saleh Amina , Pellet Norman , Zakeeruddin Shaik Mohammed , Dar M. Ibrahim , Grätzel Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained tremendous attention owing to their promising photovoltaic performance, surpassing all the alternative technologies based on solution‐processed materials. PSCs displaying record efficiencies contain hole transporting material (HTM) and gold back contact, which are too expensive for large‐scale deployment. Although the HTM‐free PSCs have been reported, a few can be used in tandem configuration, an architecture that is warranted to commercialize PSCs. This work presents, to the best of our knowledge, the first HTM‐free and Au‐free PSCs that are semi‐transparent in the IR region (desired for tandem cells) with an efficiency of 8.3 %. We systematically investigate the effect of varying the thickness of active and charge conducting layers on the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. Besides, semitransparency, another advantage of the scaffold is its simplicity: a fully printable mesoporous structure consisting of a TiO2 layer (400 nm), Al2O3 as a separator layer (500 nm) and tin‐doped indium oxide (ITO) layer (5 μm), rendering our work highly pertinent for upscaling and large‐scale applications.
Development in SmI2 Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Maity Sandeepan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSamarium diiodide (SmI2) is a versatile single electron transfer (SET) reagent in organic synthesis. The advantages of SmI2 arise from various additive induced tailoring of reactions to obtain the desired products in a stereoselective fashion. In most instances, this reagent is used in stoichiometric amount, and this poses a significant environmental issue limiting a broader applicability of SmI2. Despite challenges in the developments of catalytic methods, recent studies have paved the way for catalytic strategies rejuvenating the applications of SmI2 in synthetic organic chemistry. This review aims to summarize different methods that are used to develop catalytic reactions of SmI2. A comparison of different approaches and future outlook of this field are discussed.
MetaInfoChain: Bi‐layered blockchain consensus for metadata aggregation inIoTand cloud environments
Authors: Sathia Bhama Ponsy RK , Jayabal Chandra Priya 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) and cloud metadata have highly sensitive details and facts about data and objects; it usually holds confidential information about the data for which there are access restrictions. Hence, it forms the most abundant source of information about any digital object from which the actual data can be rebuilt or duplicated with the same level of originality. However, it appears to be an emerging threat vector in IoT and cloud environments. If a misfeasor acquires access to the metadata information, then there arises a security threat. This article proposes a novel method on a bifold layered blockchain network, referred to as MetaInfoChain, to enhance the integrity and access controllability of safe storage. By default, blockchain protects the data while a permissioned blockchain forms an access control layer over the core blockchain. The acquired instance, compute, and the unique credentials sign device metadata to enforce controllability and validated by minters and add it to the base layer of the MetaInfoChain. Subsequently, we propose a consensus attainment algorithm to build an unrefined block on a candidate block comprising metadata packages. Consequently, all the nodes receive an unrefined block replica, which can afford absolute integrity. The top layer of MetaInfoChain is sensible to generate tamper‐resistant metadata by executing hybrid PoS‐PoW tasks on the unrefined block, causing robust integrity. After accomplishing all the checks, it endorses the MetaInfoChain to append the block with 35% block time efficiency in the base layer with a 56% throughput hike.
Warrants in the financial management decisions of innovative firms
Authors: Park Hyuna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntangible investments such as R&D are expensed rather than capitalized due to accounting conservatism. Thus, firms with mostly intangible assets are subject to more constraints in external financing than others and need alternatives. I find that they increasingly use equity warrants as a solution by developing a novel data set from textual analysis. Out of 181,425 annual reports submitted to the US Securities and Exchange Commission during 1994–2018, 10,300 discuss the fair value of warrants. The proportion of warrant firms increased from 0.4% in 1994% to 8% in 2018. Logistic regressions confirm that intangible investments and financial constraints explain warrants.
Petrological and geochemical characterization of metamorphic sole rocks beneath the RasKoh ophiolite, western Pakistan: Implication for a Late Cretaceous supra‐subduction zone‐type forearc
Authors: Ullah Inayat , Xue Chuandong , Kakar Muhammad Ishaq , Xie Zhipeng , Wang Wei , Ghaffar Abdul , Ullah Naeem 
Published: September 2021

Small, isolated outcrops of metamorphic sole rocks to the RasKoh ophiolite are exposed south‐east of the RasKoh Arc range, western Pakistan. These crop out as thin slices beneath the sheared serpentinites, and consist of amphibolites, epidote‐bearing amphibolites, and muscovite‐rich amphibolites with granoblastic, grano‐nematoblastic, and porphyroblastic textures. Geochemically, amphibolites present two compositional groups. Group‐I amphibolites are alkaline and enriched in light rare‐earth elements (LREE; LaN/YbN = 11.47–11.60) with Sr‐Nd isotopic compositions of (87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.705481–0.706128, (143Nd/144Nd)i = 0.512668–0.512672, and lower values of εNd(t) (+2.24 to +2.32). While, Group‐II amphibolites are tholeiitic with LREE‐depleted signatures (LaN/YbN = 0.88–1.31), (87Sr/86Sr)i = 0.706103–0.706303, (143Nd/144Nd)i = 0.512851–0.512936, and higher values of εNd(t) (+5.81 to +7.47). Primitive mantle‐normalized and other geochemical diagrams indicate that the protoliths for Group‐I amphibolites are oceanic island basalts (OIB). Conversely, Group‐II amphibolites are more akin to subduction‐related arc tholeiites with geochemical signatures, slightly enriched in large‐ion lithophile elements and with negative Nb‐Ta anomalies. The geothermobarometric results estimate that these rocks were metamorphosed at amphibolite facies at 690°C and 6.5 kbar. Alkaline volcanism is well documented from the other Mesozoic ophiolites of Neo‐Tethyan suture zones. We suggest that the OIB accreted to the base of the obducted plate at an early stage, whereas the island arc tholeiites (IAT) basalts metamorphosed and accreted to the base of the RasKoh ophiolite at a later stage. The OIB‐ and IAT‐type magmas as protolith of amphibolites suggest that the RasKoh ophiolite was emplaced in a supra‐subduction zone‐type forearc in Late Cretaceous (ca. 68–64 Ma).
Age of onset modulates resting‐state brain network dynamics in Friedreich Ataxia
Authors: Naeije Gilles , Coquelet Nicolas , Wens Vincent , Goldman Serge , Pandolfo Massimo , De Tiège Xavier 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis magnetoencephalography (MEG) study addresses (i) how Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) affects the sub‐second dynamics of resting‐state brain networks, (ii) the main determinants of their dynamic alterations, and (iii) how these alterations are linked with FRDA‐related changes in resting‐state functional brain connectivity (rsFC) over long timescales. For that purpose, 5 min of resting‐state MEG activity were recorded in 16 FRDA patients (mean age: 27 years, range: 12–51 years; 10 females) and matched healthy subjects. Transient brain network dynamics was assessed using hidden Markov modeling (HMM). Post hoc median‐split, nonparametric permutations and Spearman rank correlations were used for statistics. In FRDA patients, a positive correlation was found between the age of symptoms onset (ASO) and the temporal dynamics of two HMM states involving the posterior default mode network (DMN) and the temporo‐parietal junctions (TPJ). FRDA patients with an ASO <11 years presented altered temporal dynamics of those two HMM states compared with FRDA patients with an ASO > 11 years or healthy subjects. The temporal dynamics of the DMN state also correlated with minute‐long DMN rsFC. This study demonstrates that ASO is the main determinant of alterations in the sub‐second dynamics of posterior associative neocortices in FRDA patients and substantiates a direct link between sub‐second network activity and functional brain integration over long timescales.
Ring Construction by 1,1‐Carboboration; Making Anthracene Derivatives from a Tetra(alkynyl)benzene
Authors: Liedtke René , Surmiak Sabrina , Jie Xiaoming , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard 
Published: September 2021

Abstract1,2,4,5‐Tetrakis(trimethylsilylethynyl)benzene reacted with two molar equivalents of the boranes R−B(C6F5)2 (R=C6F5, Me, Ph) in a series of sequential 1,1‐carboboration reactions to give ca. 1 : 1 mixtures of the two‐fold benzannulated products, namely the respective C2h and C2v symmetric tetra‐silyl, bis‐boryl substituted anthracenes. Their active B(C6F5)2 substituents were used for consecutive Suzuki‐Miyaura C−C coupling reactions to give boron‐free phenyl or 2‐pyridyl substituted anthracene products.
Dengue and Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) syndemic: Double threat to an overburdened healthcare system in Africa
Authors: Aborode Abdullahi Tunde , Corriero Anna Chiara , Fajemisin Emmanuel Adebowale , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Kazmi Syeda Kanza , Olajiga Olayinka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDengue fever (DF) is a significant public health problem in the African continent. The primary prevention strategy against the disease is vaccination and entomological control of vectors; however, implementing such a strategy in several countries in the continent is far below what is necessary to control the disease. The Coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic further aggravated this situation and negatively impacted these measures, mainly the coverage of vaccination campaigns, due to restrictive measures to control the disease. Therefore, the most significant risk is that the incidence of DF in the continent will increase even more in the coming years, as a reflection of the negative impact of the pandemic on the control of the disease. To prevent another public health crisis, immediate and multidisciplinary approaches are required to address the epidemiological control of DF in African countries.
Control of shock‐induced separation inside air intake by vortex generators
Authors: Gahlot Neeraj Kumar , Singh Nirmal Kant 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe present investigation is aimed towards the effect of passive methods on the performance of supersonic air intake along with the control of shock wave boundary layer interaction at various engine operating conditions. A computational study has been carried out in this regard using the commercially available software Ansys Fluent. The k–ω turbulence model has been selected for the present investigation. All the simulations have been carried out at a design Mach number of 2.2. The Independent effect of the air‐jet vortex generator (AJVG), tapered micro ramp vortex generator (MRVG), and the combined effect of AJVG with MRVG on the shock wave boundary layer interaction have been investigated. Detailed comparative studies of all controlled cases with uncontrolled cases show significant improvement in the flow field inside the air intake and improved performance. The shock train is also captured for all the cases along with shock wave boundary layer interaction at various operating conditions. The movement of the normal shocks is seen as the backpressure increases. All the essential performance parameters related to air intake have been examined in detail. The hybrid type of control showed better performance.
Cytomegalovirus mismatch after heart transplantation: Impact of antiviral prophylaxis and intravenous hyperimmune globulin
Authors: Immohr Moritz B. , Akhyari Payam , Böttger Charlotte , Mehdiani Arash , Dalyanoglu Hannan , Westenfeld Ralf , Oehler Daniel , Tudorache Igor , Aubin Hug , Lichtenberg Artur , Boeken Udo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectiveCytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are correlated with complications following heart transplantation (HTx) and impaired outcome. The impact of a serologic mismatch between donor and recipient and the necessity of prophylactic virostatic medication is still a matter of concern.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients that underwent HTx between 2010 and 2020 in our department. The recipients (n = 176) could be categorized into four risk groups depending on their serologic CMV matching (D+/R− = donor CMV‐IgG positive and recipient CMV‐IgG negative, n = 32; D−/R+, n = 51; D−/R−, n = 35; D+/R+, n = 58). All patients followed the same protocol of CMV prophylaxis with application of ganciclovir/valganciclovir and intravenous CMV hyperimmune globulin.RESULTSIncidence of postoperative morbidity such as primary graft dysfunction, neurological events, infections, and graft rejection were comparable between all groups (p > .05). However, the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury with hemodialysis was by trend increased in the D−/R+ group (72.0%) compared to the other groups. In‐hospital CMV‐DNAemia was observed in serologic positive recipients only (D+/R−: 0.0%, D−/R+: 25.0%, D−/R−: 0.0%, D+/R+: 13.3%, p < .01). During the first year, a total of 18 patients developed CMV‐DNAemia (D+/R−: 31.6%, D−/R+: 31.9%, D−/R−: 3.4%, D+/R+: 11.1%, p = .03).ConclusionsSeropositive recipients carry an important risk for CMV‐DNAemia. However, we did not observe differences in perioperative morbidity and mortality regarding CMV matching, which might be related to regularly administer prophylactic virostatics and additional CMV‐IVIG for risk constellations. For high‐risk constellation, long‐term application of CMV‐IVIG during the first year after transplant may be beneficial.
Cd‐free InP/ZnSeSquantum dots forultrahigh‐resolutionimaging of stimulated emission depletion
Authors: Liu Aikun , Xing Xiuquan , Cai Haojie , Zeng Yutian , Guo Jiaqing , Li Hao , Yan Wei , Zhou Feifan , Song Jun , Qu Junle 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy is a promising super‐resolution imaging technique for microstructure imaging; however, the performance of super‐resolution techniques critically depends on the properties of the fluorophores (photostable fluorophores) used. In this study, a suitable probe for improving the resolution of STED nanoscopy was investigated. Quantum dots (QDs) typically exhibit good photobleaching resistance characteristics. In comparison with CdSe@ZnS QDs and CsPbBr3QDs, Cd‐free InP/ZnSeS QDs have a smaller size and exhibit an improved photobleaching resistance. Through imaging using InP/ZnSeS QDs, we achieved an ultrahigh resolution of 26.1 nm. Furthermore, we achieved a 31 nm resolution in cell experiments involving InP/ZnSeS QDs. These results indicate that Cd‐free InP/ZnSeS QDs have significant potential for application in fluorescent probes for STED nanoscopy.
Feminist identification, social dominance orientation, and weight bias in men
Authors: Bélanger Emilie , Gagnon‐Girouard Marie‐Pierre , Marquis Elisabeth , Brisson Benoit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWeight bias has deleterious consequences on individuals considered overweight and has similarities with forms of prejudice linked to social dominance orientation (SDO). Feminism can counter oppression that women are subject to notably through weight bias and SDO, but no studies have focused directly on these variables among men, as feminist identity is linked to less endorsement of certain beliefs in SDO and weight bias. The purpose of the present study is to explore the associations between feminist identification and beliefs, SDO, and weight bias among men from Quebec. Participants were divided into four feminist identification groups. Results indicate that feminist identification in men is linked to lower levels of SDO and less dislike toward people considered overweight. Also, feminism seems to predict prejudice toward others, but not toward oneself whereas SDO‐D seems to be a good predictor of the belief that weight is controllable.
Ablation of USP21 in skeletal muscle promotes oxidative fibre phenotype, inhibiting obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kim Ayoung , Koo Ja Hyun , Jin Xing , Kim Wondong , Park Shi‐Young , Park Sunghyouk , Rhee Eugene P. , Choi Cheol Soo , Kim Sang Geon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal muscle as a metabolic consumer determines systemic energy homeostasis by regulating myofibre type conversion and muscle mass control. Perturbation of the skeletal muscle metabolism elevates the risk of a variety of diseases including metabolic disorders. However, the regulatory pathways and molecules are not completely understood. The discovery of relevant responsible molecules and the associated network could be an attractive strategy to overcome diseases associated with muscle problems.MethodsAn initial screening using quantitative trait locus analysis enabled us to extract a set of genes including ubiquitin‐specific proteases21 (USP21) (r = 0.738; P = 0.004) as potential targets associated with fasting blood glucose content. Given tight regulation of the ubiquitination status of proteins in muscle, we focused on USP21 and generated whole‐body (KO) and skeletal muscle‐specific USP21 knockout (MKO) mice. Transcriptomics, proteomics, and lipidomics assays in combination with various in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to understand the functions of USP21 and underlying mechanisms. A high‐fat diet (60%)‐fed mouse model and diabetic patient‐derived samples were utilized to assess the effects of USP21 on energy metabolism in skeletal muscle.ResultsUSP21 was highly expressed in both human and mouse skeletal muscle, and controlled skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and fuel consumption. USP21‐KO or USP21‐MKO significantly promoted oxidative fibre type changes (Δ36.6% or Δ47.2%), muscle mass increase (Δ13.8% to Δ22.8%), and energy expenditure through mitochondrial biogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and UCP2/3 induction (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Consistently, cold exposure repressed USP21 expression in mouse skeletal muscle (Δ55.3%), whereas loss of USP21 increased thermogenesis (+1.37°C or +0.84°C; P < 0.01). Mechanistically, USP21 deubiquitinated DNA‐PKcs and ACLY, which led to AMPK inhibition. Consequently, USP21 ablation diminished diet‐induced obesity (WT vs. USP21‐KO, Δ8.02 g, 17.1%, P < 0.01; litter vs. USP21‐MKO, Δ3.48 g, 7.7%, P < 0.05) and insulin resistance. These findings were corroborated in a skeletal muscle‐specific gene KO mouse model. USP21 was induced in skeletal muscle of a diabetic patient (1.94‐fold), which was reciprocally changed to p‐AMPK (0.30‐fold).ConclusionsThe outcomes of this research provide novel information as to how USP21 in skeletal muscle contributes to systemic energy homeostasis, demonstrating USP21 as a key molecule in the regulation of myofibre type switch, muscle mass control, mitochondrial function, and heat generation and, thus, implicating the potential of this molecule and its downstream substrates network as targets for the treatment and/or prevention of muscle dysfunction and the associated metabolic diseases.