bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of telehealth antimicrobial stewardship through partnership of an academic medical center and a community hospital
Authors: Klatt Megan E , Schulz Lucas T , Fleischman Dan , Fox Barry C , Burke Stuart , Grinder Dave , Rose Warren E , Lepak Alexander J , Andes David R 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Purpose
Small community hospitals often lack the human, financial, and technological resources necessary to implement and maintain successful antimicrobial stewardship programs now required by national regulatory and accrediting bodies. Creative solutions are needed to address this problem.

Summary
A 3-stage, quasi-experimental study including patients receiving antibiotics for pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, and urinary tract infections at a community hospital in Wisconsin from June 2013 to December 2015 was conducted. Remote telehealth prospective audit and feedback, guideline and order set management, and staff education targeting pharmacists, nurses, and physicians were provided during the 7-month intervention phase; these services were then removed for the postintervention period. Antimicrobial utilization (days of therapy [DOT] per 1,000 patient-days), hospital length of stay, and readmission and 30-day mortality rates were assessed to determine the impact of telehealth services on these outcomes. During the preintervention (baseline), intervention, and postintervention periods, 1,037 patients received antibiotics for the targeted infectious disease conditions. Patient demographics and rates of infectious disease conditions were similar among the different periods. Telehealth antimicrobial stewardship reduced broad-spectrum antibiotic use, including use of imipenem (from 83 to 31 DOT, P &lt; 0.001), levofloxacin (from 123 to 99 DOT, P &lt; 0.001), and vancomycin (from 104 to 85 DOT, P &lt; 0.001), compared to utilization during the baseline period; mean (SD) length of stay also decreased (from 4.6 [2.8] days to 4.2 [2.6] days, P = 0.02). After nonrenewal of telehealth stewardship, vancomycin and piperacillin/tazobactam usage returned to or exceeded baseline levels.

Conclusion
The partnership between an academic medical center and a small community hospital improved antimicrobial utilization and clinical outcomes. Successful telehealth antimicrobial stewardship models should be explored further as a means to provide optimal patient care.
A triangle for the French translation of General Theory: Keynes, Sraffa, and Largentaye
Authors: Deleplace Ghislain 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper studies the correspondence exchanged in 1938–1939 between Keynes and the French translator of General Theory, Jean de Largentaye, and between Keynes and Sraffa on this translation. The focus is on some analytical difficulties raised in this correspondence. After having described the circumstances of Sraffa’s involvement, the paper evokes a disagreement between Keynes and Largentaye about the kind of language that should be used in a book like General Theory. A section deals with clarifications and improvements brought about by the correspondence, particularly on the treatment of entrepreneurs’ profits and on the behaviour of lenders and borrowers in a financial crisis. Another section studies an important amendment to Chapter 17 on the concept of own-rate of interest. This amendment was suggested by Largentaye and accepted by Keynes in the context of various critiques expressed elsewhere by Pigou, Hicks, and Sraffa.
The EP300/TP53 pathway, a suppressor of the Hippo and canonical WNT pathways, is activated in human hearts with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy in the absence of overt heart failure
Authors: Rouhi Leila , Fan Siyang , Cheedipudi Sirisha M , Braza-Boïls Aitana , Molina Maria Sabater , Yao Yan , Robertson Matthew J , Coarfa Cristian , Gimeno Juan R , Molina Pilar , Gurha Priyatansh , Zorio Esther , Marian Ali J 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is a primary myocardial disease that typically manifests with cardiac arrhythmias, progressive heart failure, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). ACM is mainly caused by mutations in genes encoding desmosome proteins. Desmosomes are cell–cell adhesion structures and hubs for mechanosensing and mechanotransduction. The objective was to identify the dysregulated molecular and biological pathways in human ACM in the absence of overt heart failure.

Methods and results
Transcriptomes in the right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy samples from three independent individuals carrying truncating mutations in the DSP gene and five control samples were analysed by RNA-Seq (discovery group). These cases presented with cardiac arrhythmias and had a normal right ventricular function. The RNA-Seq analysis identified ∼5000 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which predicted suppression of the Hippo and canonical WNT pathways, among others. Dysregulated genes and pathways, identified by RNA-Seq, were tested for validation in the right and left ventricular tissues from five independent autopsy-confirmed ACM cases with defined mutations (validation group), who were victims of SCD and had no history of heart failure. Protein levels and nuclear localization of the cWNT and Hippo pathway transcriptional regulators were reduced in the right and left ventricular validation samples. In contrast, levels of acetyltransferase EP300, known to suppress the Hippo and canonical WNT pathways, were increased and its bona fide target TP53 was acetylated. RNA-Seq data identified apical junction, reflective of cell–cell attachment, as the most disrupted biological pathway, which were corroborated by disrupted desmosomes and intermediate filament structures. Moreover, the DEGs also predicted dysregulation of over a dozen canonical signal transduction pathways, including the Tec kinase and integrin signalling pathways. The changes were associated with increased apoptosis and fibro-adipogenesis in the ACM hearts.

Conclusion
Altered apical junction structures are associated with activation of the EP300-TP53 and suppression of the Hippo/cWNT pathways in human ACM caused by defined mutations in the absence of an overt heart failure. The findings implicate altered mechanotransduction in the pathogenesis of ACM.
Comparing clinical performance of current implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation recommendations in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bosman Laurens P , Nielsen Gerlach Claire L , Cadrin-Tourigny Julia , Orgeron Gabriela , Tichnell Crystal , Murray Brittney , Bourfiss Mimount , van der Heijden Jeroen F , Yap Sing-Chien , Zeppenfeld Katja , van den Berg Maarten P , Wilde Arthur A M , Asselbergs Folkert W , Tandri Hariskrishna , Calkins Hugh , van Tintelen J Peter , James Cynthia A , te Riele Anneline S J M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Aims
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) patients have an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias (VA). Four implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) recommendation algorithms are available The International Task Force Consensus (‘ITFC’), an ITFC modification by Orgeron et al. (‘mITFC’), the AHA/HRS/ACC guideline for VA management (‘AHA’), and the HRS expert consensus statement (‘HRS’). This study aims to validate and compare the performance of these algorithms in ARVC.

Methods and results
We classified 617 definite ARVC patients (38.5 ± 15.1 years, 52.4% male, 39.2% prior sustained VA) according to four algorithms. Clinical performance was evaluated by sensitivity, specificity, ROC-analysis, and decision curve analysis for any sustained VA and for fast VA (&gt;250 b.p.m.). During 6.4 [2.8–11.5] years follow-up, 282 (45.7%) patients experienced any sustained VA, and 63 (10.2%) fast VA. For any sustained VA, ITFC and mITFC provide higher sensitivity than AHA and HRS (94.0–97.8% vs. 76.7–83.5%), but lower specificity (15.9–32.0% vs. 42.7%-60.1%). Similarly, for fast VA, ITFC and mITFC provide higher sensitivity than AHA and HRS (95.2–97.1% vs. 76.7–78.4%) but lower specificity (42.7–43.1 vs. 76.7–78.4%). Decision curve analysis showed ITFC and mITFC to be superior for a 5-year sustained VA risk ICD indication threshold between 5–25% or 2–9% for fast VA.

Conclusion
The ITFC and mITFC provide the highest protection rates, whereas AHA and HRS decrease unnecessary ICD placements. ITFC or mITFC should be used if we consider the 5-year threshold for ICD indication to lie within 5–25% for sustained VA or 2–9% for fast VA. These data will inform decision-making for ICD placement in ARVC.
Glutamine supplementation affected the gut bacterial community and fermentation leading to improved nutrient digestibility in growth-retarded yaks
Authors: Ma Jian , Zhu Yixiao , Wang Zhisheng , Yu Xiong , Hu Rui , Wang Xueying , Cao Guang , Zou Huawei , Shah Ali Mujtaba , Peng Quanhui , Xue Bai , Wang Lizhi , Zhao Suonan , Kong Xiangying 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the effects of glutamine supplementation on nutrient digestibility, immunity, digestive enzyme activity, gut bacterial community and fermentation of growth-retarded yaks. A total of 16 growth-retarded yaks were randomly allocated to two groups: negative control (GRY) and glutamine supplementation group (GLN). Another eight growth-normal yaks were used as a positive control (GNY). Compared with GRY group, the crude protein digestibility was higher in GLN and GNY animals and the neutral detergent fiber digestibility was increased in GLN yaks. The concentrations of serum IgA, IgG, IgM and IL-10, as well as butyrate concentration and cellulase activity in the rumen and cecum were higher in GLN yaks compared to those in GRY animals. Supplementation with glutamine enhanced the chymotrypsin activity and increased the relative abundances of unclassified Peptostreptococcaceae and Romboutsia while decreased the relative abundances of unclassified Chitinophagaceae and Bacteroides in the jejunum and ileum of growth-retarded yaks. In the cecum, the relative abundance of unclassified Muribaculaceae was higher in GLN group than that in GRY group. The findings in this study suggest that the improved nutrient digestibility and immunity of growth-retarded yaks with glutamine supplementation may be through its potential impact on the lower gut host and microbial functions.
Plant phenology influences rhizosphere microbial community and is accelerated by serpentine microorganisms inPlantago erecta
Authors: Igwe Alexandria N , Quasem Bibi , Liu Naomi , Vannette Rachel L 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTSerpentine soils are drought-prone and rich in heavy metals, and plants growing on serpentine soils host distinct microbial communities that may affect plant survival and phenotype. However, whether the rhizosphere communities of plants from different soil chemistries are initially distinct or diverge over time may help us understand drivers of microbial community structure and function in stressful soils. Here, we test the hypothesis that rhizosphere microbial communities will converge over time (plant development), independent of soil chemistry and microbial source. We grew Plantago erecta in serpentine or nonserpentine soil, with serpentine or nonserpentine microbes and tracked plant growth and root phenotypes. We used 16S rRNA gene barcoding to compare bacterial species composition at seedling, vegetative, early- and late-flowering phases. Plant phenotype and rhizosphere bacterial communities were mainly structured by soil type, with minor contributions by plant development, microbe source and their interactions. Serpentine microorganisms promoted early flowering in plants on nonserpentine soils. Despite strong effects of soil chemistry, the convergence in bacterial community composition across development demonstrates the importance of the plant–microbe interactions in shaping microbial assembly processes across soil types.
Intersectoral partnerships and competencies for mental health promotion: a Delphi-based qualitative study in Finland
Authors: Tamminen Nina , Solin Pia , Barry Margaret M , Kannas Lasse , Kettunen Tarja 
Published: June 2021

Summary
The importance of intersectoral collaboration and partnership working in mental health promotion, together with the requisite competencies for effective collaboration, is widely acknowledged. This Delphi-based qualitative study examined how intersectoral collaboration and partnership work are constructed and adopted in mental health promotion practice. Descriptive data from a Delphi panel of mental health promotion practitioners working in the health sector (n = 32) were used as a data source. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Applying the theory of collaborative advantage, eight themes of collaboration advantage and the related competencies were identified: management structure, leadership, communication and language, common aims, working processes, resources, trust, and commitment and determination. The themes capture the competencies required to influence and work with others to improve the mental health and wellbeing of individuals and communities. The identified theme areas can be used to inform education and training and capacity building for professional practice in mental health promotion. Future research is needed to explore other possible collaborative advantage themes in mental health promotion practice and the competencies required to facilitate effective partnerships across sectors. Further investigations are also needed on the identified theme areas in order to develop and guide capacity building and training in mental health promotion.
A qualitative meta-synthesis on how autonomy promotes vaccine rejection or delay among health care providers
Authors: Akande Adebisi , Ahmad Mobeen , Majid Umair 
Published: June 2021

Summary
In spite of the overwhelming evidence that highlights the effectiveness of routine vaccination, an increasing number of people are refusing to follow recommended vaccination schedules. While the majority of research in this area has focussed on vaccine hesitancy in parents, there is little research on the factors that promote vaccine hesitancy in health care providers (HCPs). Identifying factors that promote vaccine hesitancy in HCPs is essential because it may help broaden our understanding of vaccine hesitancy in patients. Therefore, the goal of this investigation was to review 21 studies and examine how professional autonomy and risk perception may promote vaccine acceptance, rejection and delay in physicians and nurses. We found that vaccine hesitant nurses and physicians shared similar views towards vaccines; both groups believed that their decision to vaccinate was separate from their role as an HCP. This belief comprised of three themes: decisional autonomy, personal risk perception and alternatives to vaccination. Both groups believed that mandatory vaccine policies reduced their ability to decide whether vaccination was in their best interests. We argue that decisional autonomy may weaken risk perception of disease, which in turn may encourage beliefs and behaviours that reinforce a ‘hero persona’ that reduces appropriate preventive and hygiene measures. We employ the Health Belief Model to discuss the crucial role that risk perceptions may play in reinforcing autonomy in vaccine hesitant physician and nurses. We conclude this paper by providing a set of recommendations that aim to improve the decision-making process surrounding mandatory vaccinations for HCPs.
The winds of young Solar-type stars in the Hyades
Authors: Evensberget D , Carter B D , Marsden S C , Brookshaw L , Folsom C P 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Stellar winds govern the spin-down of Solar-type stars as they age, and play an important role in determining planetary habitability, as powerful winds can lead to atmospheric erosion. We calculate 3D stellar wind models for five young Solar-type stars in the Hyades cluster, using TOUPIES survey stellar magnetograms and state-of-the-art Alfvén wave-driven wind modelling. The stars have the same 0.6 Gyr age and similar fundamental parameters, and we account for the uncertainty in and underestimation of absolute field strength inherent in Zeeman–Doppler imaging by adopting both unscaled and scaled (by a factor of five) field strengths. For the unscaled fields, the resulting stellar wind mass-loss is 2–4 times greater and the angular momentum loss 2–10 times greater than for the Sun today, with the scaled results correspondingly greater. We compare our results with a range published of wind models and for the Alfvén wave-driven modelling see evidence of mass-loss saturation at ${\sim 10} \dot{M}_{\odot }$.
Cytotoxic function of xylanase VdXyn4 in the plant vascular wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Wang Dan , Chen Jie-Yin , Song Jian , Li Jun-Jiao , Klosterman Steven J. , Li Ran , Kong Zhi-Qiang , Subbarao Krishna V. , Dai Xiao-Feng , Zhang Dan-Dan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Phytopathogen xylanases play critical roles in pathogenesis, likely due to their ability to degrade plant structural barriers and manipulate host immunity. As an invader of plant xylem vessels, the fungus Verticillium dahliae is thought to deploy complex cell wall degrading enzymes. Comparative genomics analyses revealed that the V. dahliae genome encodes a family of six xylanases, each possessing a glycosyl hydrolase 11 domain, but the functions of these enzymes are undetermined. Characterizing gene deletion mutants revealed that only V. dahliae xylanase 4 (VdXyn4) degraded the plant cell wall and contributed to the virulence of V. dahliae. VdXyn4 displayed cytotoxic activity and induced a necrosis phenotype during the late stages of infection, leading to vein and petiole collapse that depended on the enzyme simultaneously localizing to nuclei and chloroplasts. The internalization of VdXyn4 was in conjunction with that of the plasma membrane complexLeucine-rich repeat (LRR)-receptor-like kinase suppressor of BIR1-1 (SOBIR1)/LRR-RLK BRI1-associated kinase-1 (BAK1), but we could not rule out the possibility that VdXyn4 may also act as an apoplastic effector. Immune signaling (in the SA–JA pathways) induced by VdXyn4 relative to that induced by known immunity effectors was substantially delayed. While cytotoxic activity could be partially suppressed by known effectors, they failed to impede necrosis in Nicotiana benthamiana. Thus, unlike typical effectors, cytotoxicity of VdXyn4 plays a crucial intracellular role at the late stages of V. dahliae infection and colonization, especially following pathogen entry into the xylem; this cytotoxic activity is likely conserved in the corresponding enzyme families in plant vascular pathogens.
Oscillating 4-Polytopal Universe in Regge Calculus
Authors: Tsuda Ren , Fujiwara Takanori 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The discretized closed Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) universe with positive cosmological constant is investigated by Regge calculus. According to the Collins–Williams formalism, a hyperspherical Cauchy surface is replaced with regular 4-polytopes. Numerical solutions to the Regge equations approximate well to the continuum solution during the era of small edge length. Unlike the expanding polyhedral universe in three dimensions, the 4-polytopal universes repeat expansions and contractions. To go beyond the approximation using regular 4-polytopes we introduce pseudo-regular 4-polytopes by averaging the dihedral angles of the tessellated regular 600-cell. The degree of precision of the tessellation is called the frequency. Regge equations for the pseudo-regular 4-polytope have simple and unique expressions for any frequency. In the infinite frequency limit, the pseudo-regular 4-polytope model approaches the continuum FLRW universe.
ASSESSMENT OF NORM LEVELS AND RADIOLOGICAL HAZARDS FROM PETROLEUM EXTRACTION IN THE ONSHORE OIL FIELDS, EGYPT
Authors: Salahel Din Khaled , Rashed Wafaa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Forty-nine different samples (crude oil, surface soil, produced water and sludge) from onshore oil fields in the Western Desert of Egypt were assessed for naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) levels using HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were 25 ± 1.3, 26 ± 1.0 and 21 ± 1.5; 9.8 ± 0.50, 11 ± 0.40 and 94 ± 6.9; 130 ± 6.6, 91 ± 3.4 and 41 ± 3.0; and 180 ± 16, 70 ± 6.9 and 1300 ± 110 Bq kg−1 for crude oil, surface soil, produced water and sludge, respectively. The obtained NORM levels are much below the International Atomic Energy Agency NORM clearance levels. Radiological parameters (radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate and annual effective dose) were calculated and compared with the international acceptable limits. The annual effective doses are below 1 and 20 mSv, the ICRP safety limits for the public and workers, respectively. Consequently, insignificant radiological hazards could present for the workers and surrounding environment from petroleum extraction activities in the studied area.
Connecting chemistry to biology to understand why O‐GlcNAc transferase is essential
Authors: Walker Suzanne 
Published: June 2021

O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an essential mammalian enzyme that catalyzes two fundamentally different, physiologically relevant chemical reactions using the same active site. One reaction is the transfer of N‐acetyl glucosamine to Ser/Thr side chains of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. OGT uniquely O‐GlcNAcylates myriad intracellular proteins involved in cell growth and division in a nutrient‐ and stress‐responsive manner, attracting comparisons between it and mTOR. The second reaction is polypeptide backbone cleavage. OGT is required for the proteolytic maturation of another essential mammalian protein, Host Cell Factor 1, a transcriptional co‐regulator found in a number of chromatin‐associated complexes. Understanding OGT's complex biology requires first understanding its chemistry well enough to separate its functions and then developing genetic approaches to replace wildtype OGT with well‐characterized variants. We will talk about our published structural and mechanistic work to understand how OGT catalyzes glycosylation and peptide backbone cleavage, and will also describe recent results that reveal how it chooses many of its substrates. We will then describe how we have combined this knowledge with a genetic system to replace OGT in cells in order to begin to address a key question: why is OGT essential in all dividing mammalian cells?Support or Funding InformationFunding for this work was provided by a National Institutes of Health grant (R01 GM094263)This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.