bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive relationships between winter climate and hot season temperatures over India
Authors: Dubey Aditya Kumar , Kumar Pankaj 
Published: May 2021

AbstractClimate change has impacted the nature and the severity of extreme temperatures over India in the recent past. In this study, the characterization in nature and change of hot season (March–May) temperatures across India's various geographical regions have been analysed over the last 69 years. Using canonical correlation analysis (CCA), we elucidate the relationships between various meteorological parameters from the preceding Indian winter (December–February) and the following hot season. A combination of detrended and raw data for CCA has revealed the asynchronous winter parameter's effects on hot season temperatures. The raw data explained the evolution of the relationship between the variables in the warming climate. In contrast, detrended data explains the predictive relationship between hot season temperature and other predictive variables which are not influenced by the trend in the data. The evolving nature of the global and Indian ocean as well as, El‐Niño Southern Oscillation, zonal circulation, and pressure systems, are evident in effecting Indian hot season temperatures. The post‐1980s warming is also tangible from the increasing strength of El Niño in the last few decades. The cross‐validated and mean square skill scores are moderate except for a few regions having an average correlation of ~.5 or more for the study periods. The minimum temperature has shown better skill than the maximum temperature, and the southern peninsular region has shown more predictability than the northern regions. Compared to raw data, detrended has a lesser prediction skill. The present study will help to predict the seasonal temperature along with the associated relationship and the warming effect post‐1980s.
Phase Behavior of Non‐Ionic Surfactant‐Medium Chain Triglyceride‐Water Microemulsion Systems
Authors: Callender Shannon P. , Wettig Shawn D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMicroemulsion systems have garnered tremendous interest in the pharmaceutical sector for a variety of drug delivery applications. Non‐ionic surfactants are often the preferred surfactant class given their uncharged nature, enhanced oral safety profile, and generally regarded as safe status as compared to other surfactant classes (Myers, Surfactant science and technology, 2005, p. 29), (Malmsten, Handbook of microemulsion science and technology, 1999, p. 755), (Grove & Mullertz, Chapter 5‐liquid self‐microemulsifying drug delivery systems, 2007), (Liu et al., Water‐insoluble drug formulation, 2008), (Hauss, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 2007, 59, pp. 667–676), (Balazs, Solubility, delivery and ADME problems of drugs and drug‐candidates, 2011, p. 68). In this work, the phase behavior and microemulsion formation potential of four commonly used non‐ionic surfactants, PEG‐40 hydrogenated castor oil, Poloxamer 188, Polysorbate 80, and d‐α‐tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate were studied via ternary phase diagram (TPD) mapping using a medium chain triglyceride, Miglyol 812. Results indicated notable differences in phase behavior despite similarities in hydrophilic–lipophilic balance value (13–15). All surfactants produced Winsor Type I, oil‐in‐water microemulsions at water concentrations above 40% wt/wt. Winsor Type II water‐in‐oil microemulsions were difficult to obtain even at high oil concentrations of ≥70% wt/wt. Winsor III microemulsions, though rare, were generally obtained in the middle regions of the TPD between 10% and 30% wt/wt water while Winsor IV microemulsions dominated at high surfactant concentrations of ≥45% wt/wt. Opaque emulsion areas were particularly notable in wax state surfactants. Polysorbate 80 and PEG‐40 hydrogenated castor oil demonstrated a high degree of synergism as well as the largest oil‐in‐water (o/w) and water‐in‐oil (w/o) microemulsion formation potential rendering them suitable for a number of enteral and parenteral applications.
The learning curve for uniportal video‐assisted thoracoscopic anatomical segmentectomy
Authors: Li Shenghui , Wu Junqi , Wan Ziwei , Chen Yingyao , She Yunlang , Xie Dong , Hu Xuefei , Zhao Deping , Chen Chang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the time course and caseload required to achieve proficiency by plotting the learning curve of uniportal thoracoscopic segmentectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the first 238 and 159 cases of uniportal thoracoscopic segmentectomy performed by two surgeons (A and B). The learning curves were assessed using cumulative sum analysis. Perioperative outcomes were evaluated as the learning curve developed. Two subtypes of this surgical approach, simple and complex segmentectomy, were separately analyzed.ResultsBased on the learning curve, the inflection points occurred at 64 and 90 cases for surgeon A, 71 and 100 cases for surgeon B. Significantly longer operative time (p = .013), length of stay (p = .002), and drainage duration (p = .039) were observed between phase I and phase II compared to phase III for surgeon A. Operative times (p = .001) were significantly reduced for surgeon B. Furthermore, 26‐28 and 52‐56 cases were necessary to master the simple and complex segmentectomy, respectively.ConclusionsA total 64–71 cases were required to master uniportal thoracoscopic segmentectomy and 90–100 cases were necessary to achieve proficiency.
Auditory N2 Correlates of Treatment Response in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Tillman Gail D. , Motes Michael A. , Bass Christina M. , Morris Elizabeth Ellen , Jones Penelope , Kozel F. Andrew , Hart John , Kraut Michael A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEmotional processing and cognitive control are implicated as being dysfunctional in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and targeted in cognitive processing therapy (CPT), a trauma‐focused treatment for PTSD. The N2 event‐related potential has been interpreted in the context of emotional processing and cognitive control. In this analysis of secondary outcome measures from a randomized controlled trial, we investigated the latency and amplitude changes of the N2 in responses to task‐relevant target tones and task‐irrelevant distractor sounds (e.g., a trauma‐related gunshot and a trauma‐unrelated lion's roar) and the associations between these responses and PTSD symptom changes. United States military veterans (N = 60) diagnosed with combat‐related PTSD were randomized to either active or sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and received a CPT intervention that included a written trauma account element (CPT+A). Participants were tested before and 6 months after protocol completion. Reduction in N2 amplitude to the gunshot stimulus was correlated with reductions in reexperiencing, |r| = .445, and hyperarousal measures, |r| = .364. In addition, in both groups, the latency of the N2 event‐related potential to the distractors became longer with treatment and the N2 latency to the task‐relevant stimulus became shorter, ηp2 = .064, both of which are consistent with improved cognitive control. There were no between‐group differences in N2 amplitude and latency. Normalized N2 latencies, reduced N2 amplitude to threatening distractors, and the correlation between N2 amplitude reduction and PTSD symptom reduction reflect improved cognitive control, consistent with the CPT+A objective of addressing patients’ abilities to respond more appropriately to trauma triggers.
Oxidation of aniso‐paraffinic alcohol‐to‐jet fuel and n‐heptane mixture: An experimental and modeling study
Authors: Guzman Juan , Kukkadapu Goutham , Brezinsky Kenneth , Westbrook Charles K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOxidation of alcohol to jet (ATJ)/n‐heptane blends was studied over a wide range of test conditions, using single pulse shock tubes. Test conditions were designed to study the effect of pressure (4 and 50 bar), and fuel loading (∼100 to 1400 ppm) on the oxidation of the blends across a wide range of temperatures (800–1300 K). These effects were observed by measuring concentrations of intermediate species formed using in‐line gas chromatography (GC) and GCxGC TOF‐MS. Results showed that increasing the initial fuel load does not have a significant impact on the results. However, increasing the pressure shifts the mixture reactivity to a lower temperature by about 150 K and causes the fuel to be oxidized instead of decomposing pyrolytically as at lower pressures. Additional experiments for pure ATJ and puren‐heptane were performed at conditions matching the ATJ/n‐heptane 50 bar experiments to analyze the differences between the pure and mixed fuels. Speciation measurements were compared against predictions from a detailed kinetic model. The ability of the kinetic model to capture the effects of varying experimental test conditions on the evolution of intermediate species is discussed, and kinetic analyses have been conducted to identify the important reaction pathways.
SITES AquaNet: An open infrastructure for mesocosm experiments with high frequency sensor monitoring across lakes
Authors: Urrutia‐Cordero P. , Langvall O. , Blomkvist P. , Angeler D.G. , Bertilsson S. , Colom Montero W. , Eklöv P. , Aagaard Jakobsen N. , Klemedtsson L. , Laudon H. , Liljebladh B. , Lundgren M. , Parkefelt L. , Kelpsiene E. , Pierson D. , Rankinen J. , Striebel M. , Tranvik L. J. , Weslien P. , Hillebrand H. , Langenheder S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFor aquatic scientists mesocosm experiments are important tools for hypothesis testing as they offer a compromise between experimental control and realism. Here we present a new mesocosm infrastructure—SITES AquaNET—located in five lakes connected to field stations in Sweden that cover a ~760 km latitudinal gradient. SITES AquaNet overcomes major hindrances in aquatic experimental research through: (i) openness to the scientific community, (ii) the potential to implement coordinated experiments across sites and time, and (iii) high‐frequency measurements (temperature, photosynthetic photon flux density, turbidity and dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a and phycocyanin concentrations) with an autonomous sensor system. Moreover, the infrastructure provides operational guidance and sensor expertise from technical staff, and connections to a multi‐layered monitoring programme (“SITES Water”) for each lake. This enables ecological observations from whole lake ecosystems to be compared with experimental studies aiming at disentangling major drivers and mechanisms underlying observed changes. Here we describe the technical properties of the infrastructure along with possibilities for experimental manipulations to tackle pressing issues in aquatic ecology and global change science. As a proof of concept, we also present a first mesocosm experiment across all five field sites with a cross‐factorial design to evaluate responses of the sensor measurements to press/bottom‐up (constant light reduction) and pulse/top‐down (temporary fish predation) disturbances. This demonstrates the suitability of the infrastructure and autonomous sensor system to host modularized experiments and exemplifies the power and advantages of the approach to integrate a network of mecsocosm facilities with manageable costs across large geographic areas.
Penta‐Hydroxy Flavones‐Based Photoinitiating Systems for Free Radical, Cationic, and Thiol‐Ene Polymerization upon Exposure to Mild Blue LEDs
Authors: Zhu Di , Peng Xiaotong , Xiao Pu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNatural flavone‐derivatives (i.e., morin and quercetin) are investigated as visible light‐sensitive photoinitiators. The photochemical mechanisms of the radical generation from flavone‐derivative‐based photoinitiating systems (PISs) upon exposure to mild blue light‐emitting diodes are studied. The impact of substituent site of functional groups on the photoinitiation ability is determined. The quercetin‐based PISs exhibit more reactivity than the morin‐based systems on free radical photopolymerization. Moreover, the investigated flavone‐based PISs present their stabilities at room temperature, indicating that resin containing these systems barely require special storage requirements. Thiol‐ene polymerization initiated by the flavone‐derivatives‐based PISs is also investigated.
Highly Tough and Thermally Stable Polylactide Blends Compatibilized with Glycidyl Methacrylate‐Grafted Polypropylene
Authors: Lee Ji‐Su , Hwang Gyu‐Hyun , Kwon Young Seung , Jeong Young Gyu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTo attain eco‐friendly and sustainable polylactide (PLA) materials possessing highly enhanced toughness, thermal stability, and processability without significant loss in elastic modulus, for the first time, PLA‐dominant blends with 1–30 wt% glycidyl methacrylate‐grafted polypropylene (PPGMA) loadings are fabricated via an efficient masterbatch melt‐compounding process. For the purpose, PPGMA is fabricated via in situ grafting reaction of PP with GMA and styrene. The scanning electron microscope images reveal that PLA/PPGMA blends do not show recognizable phase‐separated domains, unlike immiscible PLA/PP blends. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopic and melt‐rheological analyses support the presence of specific interactions between PLA and PPGMA as well as the compatibilizing effect of PPGMA‐g‐PLA formed during the melt‐compounding. The thermal analyses demonstrate that PPGMA component accelerates the crystallization of PLA in the blends and that the thermal decomposition temperatures of PLA/PPGMA blends are higher than those of neat PLA and PPGMA components. The dynamic mechanical analysis shows that a maximum storage modulus is attained for PLA‐dominant blend with 30 wt% PPGMA. Noticeably, the impact strength (≈305.6 J m−1) of PLA‐dominant blend with only 5 wt% PPGMA loading is almost three times higher than that (≈111.6 J m−1) of neat PLA and it is very comparable to the value (≈316.9 J m−1) of neat PP.
Physicochemical Properties of Injectable Hyaluronic Acid: Skin Quality Boosters
Authors: Kleine‐Börger Linda , Kalies Alexander , Meyer Robert SA , Kerscher Martina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn addition to clinical research on the efficacy and compatibility of injectable hyaluronic acid (HA) based fillers, ample in vitro research on the physicochemical properties of these materials is published. Different HA‐based product ranges are also available as skin quality boosters (SQBs) to improve skin quality. The aim of this study is to investigate the physicochemical properties of specific HAs for improving skin quality, as, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no data is published on this topic to date. This paper may provide a better understanding of clinical performance and differentiation between these SQBs. Five HA injectable hydrogels (Belotero Revive, Juvederm Volite, Restylane Skinbooster Vital, Viscoderm Hydrobooster, and Profilho) from the SQB product ranges of different companies and manufacturing technologies are investigated for their extrusion force, swelling degree, rheological performance, and cohesivity. There are significant differences in extrusion force, swelling degree, rheological performance, and cohesivity between the assessed SQBs. HA concentration (mg mL−1) exhibits statistically significant positive correlations with extrusion force, swelling degree, tan delta, and cohesivity. This study provides a physicochemical characterization of different SQBs and information to improve understanding of this type of product.
β‐Pinene‐Derived Polyesteramides and Their Blends: Advances in Their Upscaling, Processing, and Characterization
Authors: Kleybolte Magdalena Maria , Winnacker Malte 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTerpene‐based polyesteramides (PEAs) are sustainable and have a variety of favorable properties, making them suitable for a wide range of applications and for contribution to a much more sustainable polymer industry. This work focuses on the synthesis of the lactam fromβ‐pinene and its copolymerization withε‐caprolactone. An important step in synthesizingβ‐pinene lactam is the oxidation of β‐pinene to nopinone. To make the established oxidative cleavage more sustainable and efficient, the required amounts of Al2O3and KMnO4are significantly reduced by using H2SO4as a catalyst. For the Beckmann rearrangement various catalysts and co‐reagents are screened. Among these, the reaction with tosyl chloride is found the most favorable. Subsequently, the chain lengths of theβ‐pinene‐based PEAs are remarkably increased from 6000 g mol−1to more than 25 100 g mol−1by fine‐tuning reaction time, temperature, and decreasing catalyst and initiator concentrations. Also, different catalysts for polymerization are tested. The resulting material shows melting temperatures of ≈55 °C and decomposition temperatures of 354 °C or higher. Processing via melt pressing or casting turned out to be quite difficult due to the polymer's brittleness. Furthermore, regarding biomedical applications, blends of PEA with polyethylene glycol were successfully prepared, yielding a more hydrophilic material.
X‐Linked Parkinsonism: Phenotypic and Genetic Heterogeneity
Authors: Di Lazzaro Giulia , Magrinelli Francesca , Estevez‐Fraga Carlos , Valente Enza M. , Pisani Antonio , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractX‐linked parkinsonism encompasses rare heterogeneous disorders mainly inherited as a recessive trait, therefore being more prevalent in males. Recent developments have revealed a complex underlying panorama, including a spectrum of disorders in which parkinsonism is variably associated with additional neurological and non‐neurological signs. In particular, a childhood‐onset encephalopathy with epilepsy and/or cognitive disability is the most common feature. Their genetic basis is also heterogeneous, with many causative genes and different mutation types ranging from “classical” coding variants to intronic repeat expansions. In this review, we provide an updated overview of the phenotypic and genetic spectrum of the most relevant X‐linked parkinsonian syndromes, namely X‐linked dystonia‐parkinsonism (XDP, Lubag disease), fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), beta‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration (BPAN, NBIA/PARK‐WDR45), Fabry disease, Waisman syndrome, methyl CpG‐binding protein 2 (MeCP2) spectrum disorder, phosphoglycerate kinase‐1 deficiency syndrome (PGK1) and X‐linked parkinsonism and spasticity (XPDS). All clinical and radiological features reported in the literature have been reviewed. Epilepsy occasionally represents the symptom of onset, predating parkinsonism even by a few years; action tremor is another common feature along with akinetic‐rigid parkinsonism. A focus on the genetic background and its pathophysiological implications is provided. The pathogenesis of these disorders ranges from well‐defined metabolic alterations (PGK1) to non‐specific lysosomal dysfunctions (XPDS) and vesicular trafficking alterations (Waisman syndrome). However, in other cases it still remains poorly defined. Recognition of the phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity of X‐linked parkinsonism has important implications for diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Progressive cerebellar atrophy in a patient with complex II and III deficiency and a novel deleterious variant in SDHA: A Counseling Conundrum
Authors: Sturrock Beattie R. H. , Macnamara Ellen F. , McGuire Peter , Kruk Shannon , Yang Ivan , Murphy Jennifer ,   Undiagnosed Diseases Network, Tifft Cyndi J. , Gordon‐Lipkin Eliza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundComplex II is an essential component of the electron transport chain, linking it with the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Its four subunits are encoded in the nuclear genome, and deleterious variants in these genes, including SDHA (OMIM 600857), are associated with a wide range of symptoms including neurological disease, cardiomyopathy, and neoplasia (paraganglioma‐pheochromocytomas (PGL/PCC), and gastrointestinal stromal tumors). Deleterious variants of SDHA are most frequently associated with Leigh and Leigh‐like syndromes.Methods and ResultsHere, we describe a case of a 9‐year‐old boy with tremor, nystagmus, hypotonia, developmental delay, significant ataxia, and progressive cerebellar atrophy. He was found to have biallelic variants in SDHA, a known pathogenic variant (c.91C>T (p.R31*)), and a variant of unknown significance (c.454G>A (p.E152K)). Deficient activity of complexes II and III was detected in fibroblasts from the patient consistent with a diagnosis of a respiratory chain disorder.ConclusionWe, therefore, consider whether c.454G>A (p.E152K) is, indeed, a pathogenic variant, and what implications it has for family members who carry the same variant.
The causes of Fanconi anemia in South Asia and the Middle East: A case series and review of the literature
Authors: Thompson Ashley S. , Saba Nusrat , McReynolds Lisa J. , Munir Saeeda , Ahmed Parvez , Sajjad Sumaira , Jones Kristine , Yeager Meredith , Donovan Frank X. , Chandrasekharappa Settara C. , Alter Blanche P. , Savage Sharon A. , Rehman Sadia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundFanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited bone marrow failure syndrome associated with characteristic dysmorphology primarily caused by biallelic pathogenic germline variants in any of 22 different DNA repair genes. There are limited data on the specific molecular causes of FA in different ethnic groups.MethodsWe performed exome sequencing and copy number variant analyses on 19 patients with FA from 17 families undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation evaluation in Pakistan. The scientific literature was reviewed, and we curated germline variants reported in patients with FA from South Asia and the Middle East.ResultsThe genetic causes of FA were identified in 14 of the 17 families: seven FANCA, two FANCC, one FANCF, two FANCG, and two FANCL. Homozygous and compound heterozygous variants were present in 12 and two families, respectively. Nine families carried variants previously reported as pathogenic, including two families with the South Asian FANCL founder variant. We also identified five novel likely deleterious variants in FANCA, FANCF, and FANCG in affected patients.ConclusionsOur study supports the importance of determining the genomic landscape of FA in diverse populations, in order to improve understanding of FA etiology and assist in the counseling of families.
Hyperhaemolysis in a pregnant woman with a homozygous β0‐thalassemia mutation and two genetic modifiers
Authors: Jiwu Lou , Manna Sun , Lai Meixiang , Ying Zhao , Yanhui Liu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionPatients with a homozygous β0‐thalassemia mutation usually have a transfusion‐dependent β‐thalassemia major phenotype. However, some β‐thalassemia patients present with a relatively mild and even normal phenotype and always have a high level of Hb F induced by genetic modifiers.MethodsIn this study, we identified a homozygous β0‐thalassemia mutation (HBB: c.126_129delCTTT) in a 36‐year‐old pregnant woman. She had not presented any clinical symptoms of β‐thalassemia since birth. To investigate her unexpected mild phenotype, known genetic modifiers that ameliorate the severity of β‐thalassemia were analysed. Besides, we described the haematological changes during pregnancy.ResultsTwo genetic modifiers (a heterozygous KLF1: c.519_525dup mutation; and two homozygous HBS1L‐MYB locus SNP variants: rs7776054 and rs9399137) were identified. However, she showed a gradually decreased level of Hb during pregnancy, and serious transfusion complication of hyperhaemolysis was induced and complicated the pregnancy.ConclusionThis report is in accordance with previous findings that genetic modifiers can ameliorate the clinical severity of β‐thalassemia, even without obvious clinical symptoms in a prolonged steady state. However, the steady state can be disrupted during pregnancy. In addition, raising awareness of hyperhaemolysis among clinicians treating patients with thalassemia is necessary.