bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where is critical analysis of power and positionality in knowledge translation?
Authors: Crosschild Chloe , Huynh Ngoc , De Sousa Ismalia , Bawafaa Eunice , Brown Helen 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn Canada, the Eurocentric epistemological foundations of knowledge translation (KT) approaches and practices have been significantly influenced by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) KT definition. More recently, integrated knowledge translation (IKT) has emerged in part as epistemic resistance to Eurocentric discourse to critically analyse power relations between researcher and participants. Yet, despite the proliferation of IKT literature, issues of power in research relationships and strategies to equalize relationships remain largely unaddressed. In this paper, we analyse the gaps in current IKT theorizing against the backdrop of the CIHR KT definition by drawing on critical scholars, specifically those writing about standpoint theory and critical reflexivity, to advance IKT practice that worked to surface and change research-based power dynamics within the context of health research systems and policy.
Metabolic adaptation is associated with less weight and fat mass loss in response to low-energy diets
Authors: Martins Catia , Roekenes Jessica , Gower Barbara A. , Hunter Gary R. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The practical relevance of metabolic adaptation remains a controversial issue. To the best of our knowledge, no study has properly evaluated the role of metabolic adaptation in modulating weight loss outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the association between metabolic adaptation, at the level of resting metabolic rate (RMR), and weight and fat mass (FM) loss after low-energy diets (LED), after adjusting for dietary adherence and other confounders.

Methods
71 individuals with obesity (BMI: 34.6 ± 3.4 kg/m2; age: 45.4 ± 8.2 years; 33 males) were randomized to one of three 1000 kcal/day diets for 8 weeks. Body weight, FM and fat-free mass (FFM) (air displacement plethysmography), RMR (indirect calorimetry) and physical activity level (PAL) (armbands) were measured at baseline and at week 9. Metabolic adaptation at week 9 was defined as measured RMR minus predicted RMR at week 9. An equation to predict RMR was derived from baseline data of all participants that were part of this analysis and included age, sex, FM and FFM as predictors. Dietary adherence was calculated from RMR, PAL and body composition changes. Linear regression was used to assess the potential role of metabolic adaptation in predicting weight and FM loss after adjusting for dietary adherence, average PAL, sex, baseline FM and FFM and randomization group.

Results
Participants lost on average 14 ± 4 kg of body weight (13 ± 3%) and presented with metabolic adaptation (−92 ± 110 kcal/day, P < 0.001). Metabolic adaptation was a significant predictor of both weight (β = −0.009, P < 0.001) and FM loss (β = −0.008, P < 0.001), even after adjusting for confounders (R2 = 0.88, 0.93, respectively, P < 0.001 for both). On average, an increase in metabolic adaptation of 50 kcal/day was associated with a 0.5 kg lower weight and FM loss in response to the LED.

Conclusion
In individuals with obesity, metabolic adaptation at the level of RMR is associated with less weight and FM loss in response to LED.
Trial registration ID: NCT02944253.
Gastrostomy for infants with severe epidermolysis bullosa simplex in neonatal intensive care
Authors: Marro M. , De Smet S. , Caldari D. , Lambe C. , Leclerc-Mercier S. , Chiaverini C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Severe epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS sev) is a rare genodermatosis characterized by congenital generalized blistering and mucosal involvement. Increased needs and decreased intake quickly lead to nutritional imbalance. Enteral nutrition support is proposed, but classical nasogastric tubes are not well tolerated in these patients and gastrostomy is preferred.

Objective and methods
To report the experience with EBS sev in neonatal units of French reference centers for gastrostomy. In this retrospective multicentric study, we included all patients with EBS sev who had gastrostomy placement before age 9 months during neonatal care hospitalization.

Results
Nine infants (5 males/4 females) with severe skin and mucosal involvement were included. A gastrostomy was decided, at an early age (mean 3.7 months, range 1.4 to 8 months) in infants with mean weight 4426 g (range 3500 to 6000 g). Techniques used were endoscopy with the pull technique for 5 infants and surgery under general anesthesia for 4. Main complications were local but resolved after treatment. All infants gained weight after gastrostomy. The mean withdrawal time (n = 7) for the gastrostomy was 35.8 months (range 10.5 months to 6.5 years). Seven children had persistent oral disorders.

Conclusions
Gastrostomy in infants with EBS sev can be necessary in neonatal intensive care units. Both surgical and endoscopic pull techniques seem efficient, with good tolerance.
Plant callus-derived shikimic acid regenerates human skin through converting human dermal fibroblasts into multipotent skin-derived precursor cells
Authors: Kwon Yoo-Wook , Lee Shin-Hyae , Kim Ah-Reum , Kim Beom Joon , Park Won-Seok , Hur Jin , Jang Hyunduk , Yang Han-Mo , Cho Hyun-Jai , Kim Hyo-Soo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The human skin-derived precursors (SKPs) are a good cell source for regeneration. However, the isolation of SKP from human skin is limited. To overcome this drawback, we hypothesized that the component of plant stem cells could convert human fibroblasts to SKPs.

Methods
Human dermal fibroblasts were treated with shikimic acid, a major component of Sequoiadendron giganteum callus extract. The characteristics of these reprogrammed cells were analyzed by qPCR, western blot, colony-forming assay, and immunofluorescence staining. Artificial human skin was used for CO2 laser-induced wound experiments. Human tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

Results
The reprogrammed cells expressed nestin (a neural precursor-specific protein), fibronectin, and vimentin and could differentiate into the ectodermal and mesodermal lineage. Nestin expression was induced by shikimic acid through the mannose receptor and subsequent MYD88 activation, leading to P38 phosphorylation and then CREB binding to the nestin gene promoter. Finally, we confirmed that shikimic acid facilitated the healing of cut injury and enhanced dermal reconstruction in a human artificial skin model. Moreover, in a clinical study with healthy volunteers, plant callus extracts increased the expression of stem cell markers in the basal layer of the epidermis and collagen deposit in the dermis.

Conclusions
These results indicate that shikimic acid is an effective agent for tissue regeneration.
Mathematical analysis and optimal control interventions for sex structured syphilis model with three stages of infection and loss of immunity
Authors: Momoh Abdulfatai Atte , Bala Yusuf , Washachi Dekera Jacob , Déthié Dione 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, we develop a nonlinear ordinary differential equation to study the dynamics of syphilis transmission incorporating controls, namely prevention and treatment of the infected males and females. We obtain syphilis-free equilibrium (SFE) and syphilis-present equilibrium (SPE). We obtain the basic reproduction number, which can be used to control the transmission of the disease, and thus establish the conditions for local and global stability of the syphilis-free equilibrium. The stability results show that the model is locally asymptotically stable if the Routh–Hurwitz criteria are satisfied and globally asymptotically stable. The bifurcation analysis result reveals that the model exhibits backward bifurcation. We adopted Pontryagin’s maximum principle to determine the optimality system for the syphilis model, which was solved numerically to show that syphilis transmission can be optimally best control using a combination of condoms usage and treatment in the primary stage of infection in both infected male and female populations.
Existence results for a general class of sequential hybrid fractional differential equations
Authors: Khan Rahmat Ali , Gul Shaista , Jarad Fahd , Khan Hasib 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study a class of nonlinear boundary value problems (BVPs) consisting of a more general class of sequential hybrid fractional differential equations (SHFDEs) together with a class of nonlinear boundary conditions at both end points of the domain. The nonlinear functions involved depend explicitly on the fractional derivatives. We study the necessary conditions required for the unique solution to the suggested BVP under the Caratheodory conditions using the technique of measure of noncompactness and degree theory. We also develop conditions for uniqueness results and also on stability analysis.
Caution is warranted when using animal space-use and movement to infer behavioral states
Authors: Buderman Frances E. , Gingery Tess M. , Diefenbach Duane R. , Gigliotti Laura C. , Begley-Miller Danielle , McDill Marc M. , Wallingford Bret D. , Rosenberry Christopher S. , Drohan Patrick J. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Identifying the behavioral state for wild animals that can’t be directly observed is of growing interest to the ecological community. Advances in telemetry technology and statistical methodologies allow researchers to use space-use and movement metrics to infer the underlying, latent, behavioral state of an animal without direct observations. For example, researchers studying ungulate ecology have started using these methods to quantify behaviors related to mating strategies. However, little work has been done to determine if assumed behaviors inferred from movement and space-use patterns correspond to actual behaviors of individuals.

Methods
Using a dataset with male and female white-tailed deer location data, we evaluated the ability of these two methods to correctly identify male-female interaction events (MFIEs). We identified MFIEs using the proximity of their locations in space as indicators of when mating could have occurred. We then tested the ability of utilization distributions (UDs) and hidden Markov models (HMMs) rendered with single sex location data to identify these events.

Results
For white-tailed deer, male and female space-use and movement behavior did not vary consistently when with a potential mate. There was no evidence that a probability contour threshold based on UD volume applied to an individual’s UD could be used to identify MFIEs. Additionally, HMMs were unable to identify MFIEs, as single MFIEs were often split across multiple states and the primary state of each MFIE was not consistent across events.

Conclusions
Caution is warranted when interpreting behavioral insights rendered from statistical models applied to location data, particularly when there is no form of validation data. For these models to detect latent behaviors, the individual needs to exhibit a consistently different type of space-use and movement when engaged in the behavior. Unvalidated assumptions about that relationship may lead to incorrect inference about mating strategies or other behaviors.
A comparative case study of MTInSAR approaches for deformation monitoring of the cultural landscape of the Shanhaiguan section of the Great Wall
Authors: Xu Hang , Chen Fulong , Zhou Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Great Wall of China is one of the largest architectural heritage sites globally, and its sustainability is a significant concern. However, its large extent and diverse characteristics are challenges for deformation monitoring. In this study, the Shanhaiguan section of the Great Wall was investigated in a case study to ascertain the damage and potential hazards of the architectural site. Two standard multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry (MTInSAR) technologies, including persistent scatterer SAR interferometry (PSInSAR) and small baseline subset (SBAS) SAR interferometry, were used for deformation monitoring using high-resolution TerraSAR-X data acquired in 2015–2017. The results of the two MTInSAR approaches reveal the health condition of the Great Wall. The Shanhaiguan section was stable, but local instabilities caused by rock falls were detected in some mountainous areas. In addition, the applicability of PSInSAR and SBAS was evaluated. The performance analysis of the two approaches indicated that a more reliable and adaptable MTInSAR technique needs to be developed for monitoring the Great Wall. This study demonstrates the potential of MTInSAR technology with high-resolution data for the health diagnosis of heritage sites with a linear structure, such as the Great Wall.
A simple, precise, and sensitive HPLC method for quantification of letrozole in rat plasma: development, validation, and preclinical pharmacokinetics
Authors: Hegde Aswathi R. , Padya Bharat Singh , Soman Soji , Mutalik Srinivas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA simple bioanalytical liquid chromatographic method was developed and validated to quantify letrozole (LTZ) in rat plasma. Protein precipitation using acidified chilled acetonitrile (containing 0.1% orthophosphoric acid) was used to extract LTZ from the plasma. Chromatographic separation was carried out on Kinetex C18 reverse phase (RP) column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) using a mixture of 20 mM acetate buffer (pH 5.5) and acetonitirile (60:40 %v/v) eluting at 1.0 mL/min flow rate with the method responses measured at 240 nm. The optimized method was selective and established good linearity with recovery ranging between 91.16 and 99.44%. The validation experiments revealed that the method showed acceptable precision (2.61–7.48%) and accuracy (97.44–102.70%) and was found to be stable. The sensitivity of the method was demonstrated by the lowest concentration (LLOQ) detected at 75 ng/mL. Using the developed method, single-dose oral pharmacokinetics in Sprague-Dawley rats was carried out to successfully confirm the applicability of the method for the quantification of LTZ in biological matrix.
Identification and resolution of drug-related problems among diabetic patients attending a referral hospital: a prospective observational study
Authors: Sheleme Tadesse , Sahilu Tamiru , Feyissa Desalegn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople living with diabetes are more vulnerable to drug-related problems due to the presence of multiple diseases. This study aimed to identify drug-related problems and contributing factors among diabetic patients.MethodsThis study used a prospective observational study design. The study was conducted among diabetic patients during follow-up at Mettu Karl Referral Hospital from 15 April to 09 August 2019. The consecutive sampling was utilized to collect data. The identification of drug-related problems was performed using the Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe version 8.03. Following data collection, data were entered into Epidata manager version 4.4.2 and exported to the SPSS version 24.0 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was done to identify predictors of drug-related problems.ResultsA total of 330 people with diabetes were included in the study, among whom 279 (84.5%) had at least one drug-related problem. A total of 455 drug-related problems were identified. Effects of drug treatment not being optimal (52.7%) and untreated symptoms or indications (30.1%) were the most commonly identified drug-related problems. About 865 interventions were provided for identified drug-related problems and 79.8% was accepted. Diabetes duration$$\ge 7$$≥7 years [AOR = 2.02; 95% CI (1.06, 3.85);p = 0.033] and the presence of comorbidity [AOR: 2.33; 95% CI (1.18, 4.60);p = 0.015] were factors identified as predictors of drug-related problems.ConclusionThe present study identified that drug-related problems are common among diabetic patients. Effects of drug treatment not being optimal and untreated symptoms or indications were the most commonly identified drug-related problems. Longer diabetes duration and the presence of comorbidities were predictors of drug-related problems.
Equity-Oriented Conceptual Framework for K-12 STEM literacy
Authors: Jackson Christa , Mohr-Schroeder Margaret J. , Bush Sarah B. , Maiorca Cathrine , Roberts Thomas , Yost Caitlyn , Fowler Abigail 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe introduce a conceptual framework of K-12 STEM literacy that rightfully and intentionally positions each and every student, particularly minoritized groups, as belonging in STEM. In order to conceptualize the equity-based framework of STEM literacy, we conducted a systematic review of literature related to STEM literacy, which includes empirical studies that contribute to STEM literacy. The literature on the siloed literacies within STEM (i.e., science, technology, engineering, and mathematics literacy) also contributed to formulate the necessity of and what it means to develop STEM literacy. The Equity-Oriented STEM Literacy Framework illuminates the complexities of disrupting the status quo and rightfully transforming integrated STEM education in ways that provide equitable opportunities and access to all learners. The Equity-Oriented STEM Literacy Framework is a research-based, equity and access-focused framework that will guide research, inform practice, and provide a lens for the field that will ensure each and every student, especially minoritized students, develop, and are developing STEM literacy.
Relationships between motor scores and cognitive functioning in FMR1 female premutation X carriers indicate early involvement of cerebello-cerebral pathways
Authors: Storey Elsdon , Bui Minh Q. , Stimpson Paige , Tassone Flora , Atkinson Anna , Loesch Danuta Z. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSmaller expansions of CGG trinucleotide repeats in theFMR1X-linked gene termed ‘premutation’ lead to a neurodegenerative disorder: Fragile X Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS) in nearly half of aged carrier males, and 8–16% females. Core features include intention tremor, ataxia, and cognitive decline, and white matter lesions especially in cerebellar and periventricular locations. A ‘toxic’ role of elevated and expandedFMR1mRNA has been linked to the pathogenesis of this disorder. The emerging issue concerns the trajectory of the neurodegenerative changes: is the pathogenetic effect confined to overt clinical manifestations? Here we explore the relationships between motor and cognitive scale scores in a sample of 57 asymptomatic adult female premutation carriers of broad age range.MethodsThree motor scale scores (ICARS-for tremor/ataxia, UPDRS-for parkinsonism, and Clinical Tremor) were related to 11 cognitive tests using Spearman’s rank correlations. Robust regression, applied in relationships between all phenotypic measures, and genetic molecular and demographic data, identified age and educational levels as common correlates of these measures, which were then incorporated as confounders in correlation analysis.ResultsCognitive tests demonstrating significant correlations with motor scores were those assessing non-verbal reasoning on Matrix Reasoning (p-values from 0.006 to 0.011), and sequencing and alteration on Trails-B (p-values from 0.008 to 0.001). Those showing significant correlations with two motor scores-ICARS and Clinical Tremor- were psychomotor speed on Symbol Digit Modalities (p-values from 0.014 to 0.02) and working memory on Digit Span Backwards (p-values from 0.024 to 0.011).ConclusionsSubtle motor impairments correlating with cognitive, particularly executive, deficits may occur in female premutation carriers not meeting diagnostic criteria for FXTAS. This pattern of cognitive deficits is consistent with those seen in other cerebellar disorders. Our results provide evidence that more than one category of clinical manifestation reflecting cerebellar changes – motor and cognitive - may be simultaneously affected by premutation carriage across a broad age range in asymptomatic carriers.
Variation for caffeic acid and phenolic content in different plant parts of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. and Wendl. – a commercially important dashmool species
Authors: Saxena Hari Om , Parihar Samiksha , Mohammad Naseer , Pawar Ganesh 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundEnvironmental factors have profound effect on quantity vis-a-vis quality of phytochemicals in medicinal plants.Solanum xanthocarpumSchrad. and Wendl. is among the 10 dashmool species which is utilized in more than hundreds of Ayurvedic preparations including ‘Dashmoolarishta’. Phenolics are the pharmacologically valuable compounds. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to assess the total phenolic (TP) and Caffeic acid (CA) contents in four different plant parts i.e., leaves, fruits, stem and roots ofS. xanthocarpumsampled randomly from different locations of Madhya Pradesh, a central Indian state.MethodsPlant samples were collected from 99 places of 29 districts falling in 11 agroclimatic regions of Madhya Pradesh through random sampling. UV-VIS spectrophotometer and HPTLC were used to determine TP and CA contents, respectively. Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods.ResultsPreliminary phytochemical screening indicates the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, phenols, steroids and terpenoids in all plant parts. Quantification of TP and CA contents revealed that both varied significantly between agroclimatic zones as well as within plant parts ofS. xanthocarpum. Results revealed that among analysed plant parts, roots and stem harbored highest content of CA while fruits and leaves had the highest TP content. Among agroclimatic regions, accessions of Satpura plateau can be considered rich in CA and TP contents for fruits (0.030%; 28.70 mg CE/g), leaves (0.058%; 27.90 mg CE/g) and roots (0.161%; 5.17 mg CE/g). For stem, highest CA (0.100%) and TP (13.23 mg CE/g) contents were observed in samples of Malwa Plateau and Central Narmada Valley, respectively.ConclusionWe conclude that agroclimatic regions have significant effect on studied phytochemicals and Satpura plateau agroclimatic zone may be targeted for conservation and sustainable utilization of this valuable dashmool species if the target plant parts are fruits, leaves and roots. While, Malwa Plateau and Central Narmada Valley zones may be targeted for stem. Further, fruits and roots may be utilized for extraction of TP compounds and CA respectively.
Perioperative management of a patient undergoing resection of interleukin-6 producing pheochromocytoma
Authors: Kuroki Masahiro , Suzuki Hiroto , Kurota Misato , Nakane Masaki , Kawamae Kaneyuki 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Pheochromocytomas produce hormones, cytokines, and catecholamines. We report perioperative anesthetic management of a rare interleukin-6 (IL-6)-producing pheochromocytoma.

Case presentation
A 32-year-old female was scheduled for laparoscopic adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma. She had a sustained high fever with elevated serum noradrenaline and IL-6 levels. The persistent high inflammatory state, followed by anemia, malnutrition, and coagulopathy, led us to prepone her date of surgery. During general anesthesia, alpha-blockers allowed hemodynamic fluctuations to be controlled. During surgery, simultaneous increases in noradrenaline and IL-6 levels were observed, which rapidly declined after tumor removal. Her postoperative course was uneventful, without pulmonary edema caused by cytokine storms.

Conclusions
The conventional pheochromocytoma strategy allowed surgical removal of an IL-6-producing pheochromocytoma under general anesthesia. However, management of high inflammatory states that induce anemia and coagulopathy is necessary.