bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The burden of premature ventricular contractions predicts adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women without structural heart disease: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Lin Jing , Qian Yanxia , Chen Qiushi , Zhang Mingming , Chen Yaoxi , Xu Ruijie , Chen Jingxian , Shi Yukang , Yang Shunxin , Luo Xinyi , Ding Qiang , Wu Xin , Wang Junhong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPremature ventricular contractions (PVCs) may increase during pregnancy, however, few studies have evaluated the relationship between PVCs and the pregnant outcomes.HypothesisPVCs may increase the adverse fetal/neonatal outcomes in pregnant women.MethodsSix thousand one hundred and forty‐eight pregnant women were prospectively enrolled in our center between 2017 and 2019 in the study. The average PVC burden was determined by calculating the number of PVCs in total beats. Those who had a PVC burden >0.5% were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of adverse fetal or neonatal events. The adverse outcomes were compared between the groups to assess the impact of PVCs on pregnancy.ResultsA total of 103 (1.68%) women with a PVC burden >0.5% were recorded. Among them, 17 adverse events (12 cases) were documented, which was significantly higher than that among women without PVCs (11.65% vs. 2.93%, p < .01). The median PVC burden among pregnant women with PVCs was 2.84% (1.02%–6.1%). Furthermore, compared with that of the women without adverse events, the median PVC burden of women with adverse fetal or neonatal outcomes was significantly higher (9.02% vs. 2.30%, p < .01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that not the LVEF, heart rate and bigeminy, but only the PVC burden was associated with adverse fetal or neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with PVCs (OR: 1.34, 95% CI [1.11–1.61], p < .01).ConclusionsFrequent PVCs have adverse effects on pregnancy, and the PVC burden might be an important factor associated with adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes among pregnant women with PVCs.
Tuning Ligand‐Coordinated Single Metal Atoms on TiO2and their Dynamic Response during Hydrogenation Catalysis
Authors: Zhou Xuemei , Sterbinsky George E. , Wasim Eman , Chen Linxiao , Tait Steven L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLigand‐coordinated supported catalysts (LCSCs) are of growing interest for heterogeneous single‐atom catalysis. Here, the effect of the choice of organic ligand on the activity and stability of TiO2‐supported single‐atom Pt‐ligand catalysts was investigated for ethylene hydrogenation. The activity of these catalysts showed a significant dependence on the choice of ligand and also correlated with coordination number for Pt−ligand and Pt−Cl−. Of the three ligands examined in this study, the one with the lowest Pt coordination number, 1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione (PDO), showed the lowest reaction temperature and highest reaction rate, likely due to those metal sites being more accessible to reactant adsorption. In‐situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) experiments showed that the activity also correlated with good heterolytic dissociation of hydrogen, which was supported by OH/OD exchange experiments and was the rate‐determining step of the hydrogenation reaction. In these in‐situ XAS experiments up to 190 °C, the supported Pt‐ligand catalyst showed excellent stability against structural and chemical change. Instead of Pt, the PDO ligand could be coordinated with Ir on TiO2to form Ir LCSCs that showed slow activation by loss of Ir−Cl bonds, then excellent stability in the hydrogenation of ethylene. These results provide the chance to engineer ligand‐coordinated supported catalysts at the single‐atom catalyst level by the choice of ligand and enable new applications at relatively high temperature.
A true random number generator that utilizes thermal noise in a programmable system‐on‐chip (PSoC)
Authors: Matsuoka Shunsuke , Ichikawa Shuichi , Fujieda Naoki 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThis study presents four designs for a true random number generator (TRNG) for Cypress programmable system‐on‐chip (SoC) (PSoC) devices, whose entropy source is the thermal noise of resistors. The first design includes a ΔΣ analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) with two external resistors of 6 MΩ, where the resolution was set to 16 bits. The second, third, and fourth designs adopt the internal resistors of a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) as a noise source. The second design adopts a single‐stage PGA (gain 50) with a ΔΣ ADC, while the third design adopts a two‐stage PGA (gain 50 × 50) with a ΔΣ ADC. The fourth design adopts a trans‐impedance amplifier (TIA) with a ΔΣ ADC. All four designs have passed the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) test suite.
Evaluating disorders of gut‐brain interaction in eating disorders
Authors: Wiklund Camilla A. , Rania Marianna , Kuja‐Halkola Ralf , Thornton Laura M. , Bulik Cynthia M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveEating disorders commonly co‐occur with gastrointestinal problems. This case–control study aimed to (a) document the prevalence of disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI) in eating disorders, (b) examine the specific impact of disordered eating behaviors on the risk of DGBI, and (c) explore the impact of current eating disorder psychopathology on DGBI.MethodWe included 765 cases with eating disorders and 1,240 controls. DGBI were assessed via the ROME III questionnaire. Prevalences of DGBI were calculated across eating disorder diagnoses (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and multiple eating disorders) and in controls. The association between disordered eating behaviors and DGBI was examined using logistic regression models. Lastly, we compared the total number of DGBI in individuals with high versus low current eating disorder symptoms.ResultsA large majority (88.2–95.5%) of individuals with eating disorders reported at least one DGBI and 34.8–48.7% reported three or more DGBI. Of the DGBI categories, functional bowel disorders were the most commonly endorsed category, and of the individual DGBI, irritable bowel syndrome was the most frequently reported (43.9–58.8%). All investigated disordered eating behaviors showed a positive association with most DGBI categories. Finally, individuals reporting high current eating disorder symptoms reported higher mean number of DGBI (3.03–3.34) than those with low current symptoms (1.60–1.84).DiscussionThe directionality and mechanisms underlying the nature of the relationship between gastrointestinal and eating disorder symptoms is worthy of further study and clinicians should adopt an integrated approach by attending to both gastrointestinal and eating disorder symptoms in their patients.
Psychological factors associated with changes in physical activity in Dutch people with type 2 diabetes under societal lockdown: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Regeer Hannah , Nieuwenhuijse Emma A. , Vos Rimke C. , Kiefte‐de Jong Jessica C. , van Empelen Pepijn , de Koning Eelco J. P. , Bilo Henk J. G. , Huisman Sasja D. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsTo investigate changes in physical activity (PA) and psychological factors during societal lockdown in people with type 2 diabetes.MethodsA cross‐sectional study among Dutch adults with type 2 diabetes. Data were collected using online questionnaires. A multivariate multinomial logistic regression was performed with change in PA during societal lockdown as outcome and perceived change in stress, anxiety, perceived risk for COVID‐19 infection, emotional well‐being and former PA status as determinants.ResultsFive hundred and sixty seven respondents filled out the questionnaire, 536 were included in the final analysis: mean age of 65.9 ± 7.9 years; mean diabetes duration 13.3 ± 8 years; 54% men; 47% reported no change in PA, 27% became less active and 26% became more active during societal lockdown. Participants who were more likely to become less active were participants who experienced more stress (OR: 2.27; 95% CI 1.25–4.13) or less stress (OR: 2.20; 95% CI 1.03–4.71). Participants who were more likely to become more active were participants who experienced more stress (OR: 2.31; 95% CI 1.25, 4.26). Participants with higher emotional well‐being (OR: 0.98; 95% CI 0.97, 0.99) were less likely to become less active than to report no change in PA.ConclusionsChanges in PA in people with type 2 diabetes during societal lockdown are associated with changes in psychological factors such as perceived stress and emotional well‐being. People with diabetes and their caregivers should be aware of these possible changes.
Enhanced Microwave Dielectric Properties in Mg2Al4Si5O18 Through Cu2+ Substitution
Authors: Wang Fanshuo , Lai Yuanming , Zeng Yiming , Yang Fan , Li Baoyang , Yang Xizhi , Su Hua , Han Jiao , Zhong Xiaoling 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Mg2Al4Si5O18 ceramic is considered as a kind of important candidates for millimeter‐wave applications. In this work, Mg2–xCuxAl4Si5O18 (0≤x≤0.16) ceramics were synthesized by solid‐state reaction, aiming to improve the microwave dielectric properties. According to the X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, Cu2+ ions enter into the Mg2Al4Si5O18 lattice and form a solid solution. The dense microstructure was observed in the Cu‐substituted Mg2Al4Si5O18 ceramics at x=0.04 sintered at 1420 °C. The dielectric constant (ϵr) values depend on the microstructure, secondary phase and ionic polarizability of the samples. The quality factor (Qf) values are dominated by the microstructure, secondary phase and centro‐symmetry of [Si4Al2] hexagonal ring. The temperature coefficients of resonance frequency (τf) are strongly related to the Mg/Cu−O bond valance. In comparison to pure Mg2Al4Si5O18 ceramics, the excellent microwave dielectric properties with ϵr=4.56, Qf=31,100 GHz and τf=−52 ppm/°C were obtained at x=0.04 with sintering at 1420 °C. Thus, the Mg2–xCuxAl4Si5O18 (0≤x≤0.16) ceramics will be promising millimeter‐wave communication materials.
Magnesium Halide‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Oxaspiro[2.5]octenes from a Methylenecyclopropane and Acyl Cyanoalkenes
Authors: Suzuki Itaru , Ogura Kazuki , Shimazu Jun‐ya , Shibata Ikuya 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMgX2‐catalyzed annulation of methylenecyclopropanes with acyl cyanoalkenes was accomplished to give oxaspiro[2.5]octenes in excellent yields. The reaction proceeded through a rare intramolecular oxa‐Michael addition of Mg enolate. The oxaspiro ring was transformed into 4H‐pyran at a higher temperature in the presence of MgX2.
Spatial correlation of broadband ground motions from physics‐based numerical simulations
Authors: Infantino Maria , Smerzini Chiara , Lin Jiayue 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study assesses the spatial correlation of broadband earthquake ground motions from 3D physics‐based numerical simulations in near‐source conditions. State‐of‐the‐art models for predicting the spatial correlation are derived from wide datasets including densely recorded earthquakes in different areas worldwide and, therefore, they may be poorly representative of specific regions and near‐source effects. A large set of broadband ground motions simulated by the SPEED code, and enriched in the high‐frequency range with an Artificial Neural Network technique, is used to investigate the sensitivity of crucial parameters in geostatistical analysis (number of receivers), as well as of source, path, and site effects on spatial correlation, with a level of detail which could not be possible otherwise due to the paucity of recordings. First of all, the comparison of our results with those derived from earthquake recordings validates successfully the numerical approach in predicting the spatial correlation in a broad frequency range. Furthermore, the study points out that spatial correlation of response spectral accelerations is significantly affected by the magnitude, forward directivity effects, ground‐motion directionality (fault normal versus fault parallel), and relative position from the causative fault. These features may make critical the use of isotropic and stationary models especially in near‐fault conditions.
Safety challenges and safety measures of Li‐ion batteries
Authors: Chen Siyan , Gao Zhenhai , Sun Tianjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) have become the main choice for electric vehicles (EVs). However, the thermal runaway problems of LIBs largely limit the wider promotion of EVs. To provide background and insight for the improvement of battery safety, the general working mechanism of LIBs is described in this review, followed by a discussion of the thermal runaway process, including the trigger conditions and material factors. Moreover, advances made to improve battery safety are examined from the perspective of battery materials and management systems. Thus, this review provides a general picture of the thermal runaway risks of LIBs and corresponding solutions with the aim of facilitating safer battery designs.
Inferring archaic introgression from hominin genetic data
Authors: Gopalan Shyamalika , Atkinson Elizabeth G. , Buck Laura T. , Weaver Timothy D. , Henn Brenna M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractQuestions surrounding the timing, extent, and evolutionary consequences of archaic admixture into human populations have a long history in evolutionary anthropology. More recently, advances in human genetics, particularly in the field of ancient DNA, have shed new light on the question of whether or not Homo sapiens interbred with other hominin groups. By the late 1990s, published genetic work had largely concluded that archaic groups made no lasting genetic contribution to modern humans; less than a decade later, this conclusion was reversed following the successful DNA sequencing of an ancient Neanderthal. This reversal of consensus is noteworthy, but the reasoning behind it is not widely understood across all academic communities. There remains a communication gap between population geneticists and paleoanthropologists. In this review, we endeavor to bridge this gap by outlining how technological advancements, new statistical methods, and notable controversies ultimately led to the current consensus.
Beneficial effects of Se/Zn co‐supplementation on body weight and adipose tissue inflammation in high‐fat diet‐induced obese rats
Authors: Hasani Motahareh , Saidpour Atoosa , Irandoost Pardis , Golab Fereshteh , Khazdouz Maryam , Qorbani Mostafa , Agh Fahimeh , Mohammad Sharifi Ali , Vafa Mohammadreza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis research investigated the effect of co‐supplementation of selenium with zinc on weight control and the inflammatory and oxidative status in relation to obesity. Male Wistar rats (N = 32) were randomly divided into four groups after induction of obesity model: 1) “Zn” was supplemented with zinc sulfate (15 mg/kg BW), 2) “Se” supplemented with selenium as sodium selenate (0.5 mg/kg BW), 3) “Zn + Se” which received Zn (15 mg/kg BW) + Se (0.5 mg/kg BW), and 4) “HFD” as the control group. The intervention was done for eight weeks. At the end of treatment, serum and tissue level of Zn, Se, SOD, GSH‐Px, MDA, leptin, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 was evaluated. Weight and food intake were significantly reduced in the Se group(p < .001), while in the Zn group, weight gain due to obesity was prevented compared to the control group (p = .48). There was a significant and stronger increase in SOD, GSH‐Px levels and a remarkable decrease in MDA, leptin, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 in the group receiving the combination of two supplements than either alone(p < .001). Leptin had a positive correlation with inflammatory factors and lipid peroxidation marker and showed an inverse relationship with Zn and Se levels and anti‐oxidative enzymes(p < .05). The analysis showed the mediating role of leptin in the effects of zinc. Co‐supplementation of selenium and zinc may have a synergistic effect in reduction of oxidative and inflammatory markers. Regarding the effect of zinc on inflammatory factors and lipid peroxidation, leptin can play a mediating role.
Antidiabetic effect of fucoxanthin extracted from Sargassumangustifolium on streptozotocin‐nicotinamide‐induced type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Oliyaei Najme , Moosavi‐Nasab Marzieh , Tamaddon Ali Mohammad , Tanideh Nader 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis work aimed to study the antidiabetic effect of encapsulated fucoxanthin with porous starch (PS) in streptozotocin and nicotinamide‐induced type 2 diabetic mice. Fucoxanthin was extracted and purified from Sargassum angustifolium and encapsulated in porous starch (PS). Diabetic mice groups were gavaged daily with fucoxanthin (400 mg/kg), either free or encapsulated into PS, and metformin (50 mg/kg) for three weeks. The results exhibited that the fucoxanthin and fucoxanthin‐loaded PS markedly prevented the weight gain in treated groups (p < .05). Moreover, both free and encapsulated fucoxanthin could decrease the fasting blood glucose and increase the plasma insulin level similar to metformin (p < .05). In addition, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low‐density lipoprotein were lower in the treated groups. These results confirm antiobesity effect of fucoxanthin by regulating lipid profile parameters. Moreover, the histopathology evaluation of pancreatic tissue in diabetic mice exhibited that oral administration of metformin and fucoxanthin caused regeneration of pancreatic beta cells. This study revealed the healthy effect of seaweed pigment as a suitable bioactive compound which can be used in functional foods for natural diabetes therapy.
Branched‐chain fatty acids in the vernix caseosa and meconium of infants born at different gestational ages
Authors: Li Weidi , Jie Liang , Yu Renqiang , Jin Qingzhe , Jiang Shanyu , Yin Qitao , Wei Wei , Wang Xingguo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe functional lipid components found in breast milk, vernix caseosa, and meconium are Branched‐chain Fatty Acids (BCFA). The goal of this study was to establish the existence of BCFA in vernix and meconium in infants born at different gestational ages. TLC plates and GC‐MS were examined for the lipids in vernix caseosa and meconium. The results indicated that there were nine BCFA in vernix caseosa, including iso‐12:0, anteiso‐13:0, iso‐14:0, iso‐15:0, anteiso‐15:0, iso‐16:0, anteiso‐17:0, iso‐18:0, and iso‐20:0. Five BCFA (iso‐12:0, anteiso‐13:0, iso‐14:0, iso‐15:0, and anteiso‐15:0) were not contained in the meconium, suggesting that some of the BCFA may be digested and consumed by infants. In the vernix caseosa, the content of BCFA in triacylglycerol (TAG) and free fatty acid (FFA) was 15.59% and 11.82%, respectively. The vernix caseosa's wax ester fraction contained the highest content of BCFA, reaching up to 16.81%. The carbon chain length of fatty acids (FA) ranged from 12 to 24 in the vernix caseosa and 14 to 22 in meconium samples. The gestational age was likely to affect BCFA concentrations, with the vernix caseosa and meconium BCFA content being significantly higher in full‐term infants than in preterm infants (p < .001). Further research is required into the relationship between BCFA and gut microbiotas.
Microwave Assisted Selective Hydrolysis of Polyamides from Multicomponent Carpet Waste
Authors: Bäckström Eva , Odelius Karin , Hakkarainen Minna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSelective hydrolysis of polyamide‐6 (PA‐6) and polyamide‐66 (PA‐66) from commercial multicomponent PA‐6/PA‐66/polypropylene (PP) carpet is demonstrated by a microwave‐assisted acid catalyzed hydrothermal process, yielding monomeric products and solid polypropylene residue. First, an effective method is established to chemically recycle neat PA‐6 and PA‐66 granules using microwave irradiation. The optimized, hydrochloric acid (HCl) catalyzed process leads to selective production of monomers, 6‐aminocaproic acid or adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine, after only 30 min. A piece of commercial carpet is then recycled using the same reaction conditions, but with the alteration of the reaction time from 1 to 6 h. The produced water‐soluble products and the remaining solid residue are carefully characterized, proving that the polyamide‐part of the carpet is selectively hydrolyzed into water‐soluble monomers and the polypropylene‐part remains as an unconverted solid that can be further used to produce recycled filaments containing the carpet residue and virgin polypropylene. The developed process opens the possibility to recycle multicomponent materials, such as carpets, through selective hydrolysis. It can also contribute to a circular economy, producing original monomers and materials ready for a new life‐cycle.
Mechanistic study of the carbonated smart water in carbonate reservoirs
Authors: Al Karfry Loay , Kharrat Riyaz , Ott Holger 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCarbonated smart water (CSMW) injection has drawn considerable interest, especially in the last decade. This interest stems from its results in the recovery factor enhancement and the storage of carbon dioxide. This method has been mainly studied for sandstone formations, and less devotion has been given to carbonates, especially in naturally fractured reservoirs. This paper examines the effect of the CSMW on the recovery factor in carbonate homogenous and fractured reservoirs and investigates the most effective mechanisms. Furthermore, the capability of the CSMW to store the CO2 in the reservoir has been tested. This work has been established based on core flooding experimental data, using a compositional simulator, and extending the core results to a pilot model. The composition and salinity values of the CSMW have been specified using optimization and sensitivity analysis tools. Geochemical reactions and CO2 solubility in the CSMW have been simulated using the PHREEQC.In the core scale, the CSMW showed 14, 7.6, 26.8% more oil recovery than Smart Water (SMW), Carbonated Seawater (CSW), and Seawater (SW), respectively. In the pilot model, CSMW recovered more oil than the SMW by 5–8% based on the heterogeneity and fracture availability. Viscosity reduction is one of the main mechanisms behind the oil recovery increment. More than 30% of viscosity reduction was observed for all studied cases. Ions exchange and mineral dissolution processes were also pivotal. A higher recovery has been obtained in the fractured reservoir after the breakthrough due to the CO2 diffusion from the fractures into the matrices and the spontaneous imbibition process, where those mechanisms need a long time to act effectively. More than 50% of the injected CO2 within the CSMW has been captured in the reservoir's residual oil and water. It has been concluded that the stored CO2 in the reservoir depends on the amount of residual oil saturation, where the higher the remaining oil in the reservoir, the higher the stored CO2 amount. © 2021 The Authors. Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.