bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing a measurement scale for organizational learning capabilities in China
Authors: Dai Wanwen , Arnulf Jan Ketil K. , Iao Laileng , Liang Meng , Dai Haojin 
Published: June 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to develop a measurement instrument for organizational learning capability (OLC) in a Chinese management context. Previous research has indicated a need for measurement instruments with proven ecological validity in China, because the learning capability of organizations is influenced by the organization’s external environment.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors followed a consequent inductive procedure from item sampling through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and nomological validation. The initial part sampled relevant descriptors from a diverse sample of 159 employees from heterogeneous backgrounds in China. After sorting by an expert panel, EFA of data from a sample of 161 executive students yielded a three-dimensional construct comprising knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing and knowledge utilization. These three constructs were again tested in CFA using a sample of 357 employees from five companies.

Findings
The findings across the three samples resulted in a three-dimensional measurement scale that is called as the organizational learning capability questionnaire (OLCQ). The OLCQ displayed high internal consistency, reliability and nomological validity.

Research limitations/implications
This focus of this study has only been to establish a measurement instrument that allows indigenous research on organizational learning in China. The approach was statistically driven grounded approach, not a theoretical assumption of learning mechanisms special to the Chinese culture. Further research is needed to estimate how this approach yields results that are different from other cultures or the extent to which our findings can be explained by features of the Chinese culture or business environment.

Practical implications
This study offers a practical measurement instrument to assess practical and scientific problems of organizational learning in China.

Social implications
The work here emphasizes the necessity of a knowledge sharing community for organizational learning to appear. It addresses a call for more indigenous Chinese management research.

Originality/value
The authors provide a measurement instrument for OLC with proven ecological validity and with promising consequences for research and practice in China. The instrument is empirically grounded in the practices and behaviors of Chinese managers, avoiding biases that stem from previously identified shortcomings in cross-cultural management research. To the knowledge, it is the first of its kind and a contribution to a call for indigenous management theories with contextual validity.
Comparison of library website function access tools 2014–2018
Authors: Zaugg Holt , Rennick Brian 
Published: June 2021

PurposeFour years after the release of a responsive design website that provides a dynamic screen layout across three access devices (computer, tablet and smartphone), a repeat study was conducted to determine changes in the way that library website functions are and are not accessed.Design/methodology/approachA survey, similar to the original study, was used to determine the rate of access of 20 website functions by three access devices (computer, tablet and smartphone) and a “did not use” (DNU) category. A two-proportion Z-test was used to determine significant differences in the rate of access for each website function and the “did not use” (DNU) category by each access device from 2014 to 2018.FindingsThe computer is still the primary tool used to access website functions, but its rate of use is declining, while access via the smartphone is increasing, including research and for learning functions traditionally accessed only by computer. Access by tablet, with poor website function access rates in 2014, declined in use, with some rates approaching zero. Increases in the DNU category for website functions occurred, but reasons why were not determined. The increases raised questions about the relevance of some of the website functions and if other actions are needed to increase use.Originality/valueRepeating the 2014 study provided insights into the changing landscape of device preferences for accessing library website functions. The number of significant changes identified demonstrates the importance of recurring studies to determine how online access to library website functions evolves over time.
Chemical defence effective against multiple enemies: Does the response to conspecifics alleviate the response to predators?
Authors: Üveges Bálint , Basson Anna C. , Móricz Ágnes M. , Bókony Veronika , Hettyey Attila 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnimals living in groups with high conspecific densities typically decrease their level of plastic anti‐predatory defence because its benefits diminish with reduced per capita predation risk (a benefit of aggregation), whereas its costs increase due to intensifying competition and increased infection risk. Furthermore, phenotypic responses that provide protection from predators are also often disadvantageous against competitors and infections.Such a trade‐off may be absent when the same phenotype provides an effective defence against both predators and competitors, as is the case with some chemical defences. For such multifunctional defensive traits, both predation risk and high conspecific density are expected to increase defence expression while exposure to both predators and conspecifics may result in non‐additive effects whereby the defence level induced by two enemies is lower than the sum of responses induced by either of them alone.We tested this theoretical prediction by studying the effects of multiple enemies on chemical defence in a vertebrate animal. We investigated patterns of change in toxin production of common toadBufo bufotadpoles following exposure to different conspecific densities and the simultaneous presence or absence of chemical cues on predation risk.We found that tadpoles significantly increased their production of bufadienolide toxins in response to high tadpole density, as well as to predation risk when tadpole density was low. Although the response in bufadienolide production to predation risk was not significant at high tadpole density, the magnitude of anti‐predatory response did not differ significantly between low and high tadpole densities.These results show that toad tadpoles adjust their chemical defence to conspecific density and to predation risk simultaneously, and these two effects are more likely additive than non‐additive, at least within the range of densities and predation‐risk levels studied here. Nevertheless, the trend we found suggests that toxin levels induced by very high conspecific density might weaken the chemical response to predators, which is relevant for the evolutionary ecology of chemical defences, as well as for the conservation of fauna impacted by toxic invaders.A freePlain Language Summarycan be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Large seeds provide an intrinsic growth advantage that depends on leaf traits and root allocation
Authors: Simpson Kimberley J. , Atkinson Rebecca R. L. , Mockford Emily J. , Bennett Christopher , Osborne Colin P. , Rees Mark 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Seed mass and growth rate are important dimensions of plant ecological diversity, but their relationship remains unresolved. Negative relationships between RGR and seed mass are well‐established. However, RGR is size dependent, so small‐seeded species might achieve fast growth simply because they are initially small.

Using a dataset of unprecedented size, sampling 382 grass species, we investigated seed mass and growth rate using both RGR and SGR (RGR at a specific size), accounting for diversity in phylogeny, ecology (e.g. life history, photosynthetic pathway) and environment (mean annual temperature and precipitation).

RGR and SGR showed contrasting relationships with seed mass, such that large‐seeded species had lower RGR but higher SGR than small‐seeded species. However, the relationship between SGR and seed mass depended on leaf dry matter content (LDMC), and was only positive in high‐LDMC species. When compared at a common size, the fast growth of large‐seeded and low‐LDMC species was associated with greater biomass allocation to roots in the hot, high‐light environment used for our experiment. Photosynthetic pathway and life history contributed to variation in SGR, with C4 annuals having higher SGRs than C3 perennials regardless of seed size.

Large seeds therefore afford an intrinsic growth advantage in species with resource‐conserving leaf traits, and may provide a competitive edge in resource‐poor environments. This work advances the understanding of how seed mass and growth rate co‐evolve with other ecological factors.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Sex and the Office for National Statistics: A Case Study in Policy Capture
Authors: Sullivan Alice 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOn 17 March 2021, just four days before the England and Wales census date, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) conceded in a judicial review case. The case concerned the meaning of the sex question in the census, and the guidance to accompany this question. How did the ONS end up in court defending its guidance on a question which most people would deem self‐explanatory? This article explains the legislative and political context around gender recognition, and the consequences for data collection. Drawing on my own experiences, I explore the politicisation of the definition of sex, and argue that the ONS gave undue weight to lobby groups with a particular viewpoint on sex and gender identity.
Education as a common good from the capability approach
Authors: Gracia-Calandín Javier , Tamarit-López Isabel 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The capability approach is a very fruitful framework for thinking about and assessing the human development of societies. Our purpose in this paper is to analyse whether the capability approach is a suitable way to illuminate education as a common good and how education must be understood as a common good. For this purpose, it is important to first consider the criticism that the capability approach is excessively individualistic. Rather than dwelling on the concept of ‘collective capability’, we will explore the extent to which the capability approach enables us to understand the concept of the ‘common good’ of education not in non-collectivist terms but in terms of human development of individuals and communities as custodians of humanity.
Metabolic profiling analysis for clinical urine of colorectal cancer
Authors: Ning Wu , Qiao Nan , Zhang Xiyin , Pei Dongpo , Wang Wenyue 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo demonstrate the little‐known metabolic changes and pathways in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).MethodsWe used gas chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC‐TOF/MS) to perform metabolic profiling of urine samples from 163 consecutive patients with CRC and 111 healthy controls without history of gastrointestinal tumors. The metabolic profiles were assayed using multivariate statistical analysis and one‐way analysis of variance, and further analyzed to identify potential marker metabolites related to CRC. The GC‐TOF/MS‐derived models showed clear discriminations in metabolic profiles between the CRC group and healthy control group.ResultsWe demonstrated that 15 metabolites contributed to the differences. Among them, eleven metabolites were significantly upregulated, while other four metabolites were downregulated in the urine samples of CRC patients compared with healthy controls. Pathway analysis revealed changes in energy metabolism of patients with CRC, which are reflected in the upregulation of glycolysis and amino acid metabolism and the downregulation of lipid metabolism. Our study revealed the metabolic profile of urine from CRC patients and indicated that GC‐TOF/MS‐based methods can distinguish CRC from healthy controls.ConclusionGC‐TOF/MS‐based metabolomics has the potential to be developed into a novel, non‐invasive, and painless clinical tool for CRC diagnosis, and may contribute to an improved understanding of disease mechanisms.
“Perfidy Afoot!” Connor, the IEA and the Loans Affair
Authors: Kellow Aynsley , Carroll Peter 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhen the International Energy Agency (IEA) was established out of the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) in 1974, Australia was not among its founding members. Indeed, it was opposed to its formation and even contemplated voting in the OECD to block its establishment. A single negative vote under the “mutual agreement” rule would have done so. This paper, based on archival research, explores the reasons for this course of action and shows that the decision was linked to the resource nationalism at the time of Minister Rex Connor and his fear that supporting it might jeopardise his attempts to raise non‐equity finance in the Middle East. This article shows that this previously unanalysed decision was connected to what became known as the “Loans Affair” that brought about Connor's demise and contributed to the downfall of the Whitlam Government.
Role of received social support in the physical activity of coronary heart patients: The Health Action Process Approach
Authors: Teleki Szidalisz , Zsidó András Norbert , Lénárd László , Komócsi András , Kiss Enikő Csilla , Tiringer István 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhysical activity (PA) plays a crucial role in the management of coronary artery disease (CAD). The Health Action Process Approach provides a useful framework for understanding and predicting the process of health behaviors. The aim of the current study was to unveil the role of received social support in the HAPA model, concerning the physical activity of CAD patients. A longitudinal sample of 117 CAD patients filled out a questionnaire during three measurement points (baseline, 2 months, and 6 months later). The constructs within the model were measured by the previously validated HAPA scales. PA was assessed with four items, which were also included in the HAPA questionnaire. To test the direct and indirect associations between the variables, structural equation modeling with latent variables was employed. Received social support was proven to have a significant and strong effect on both action planning and action control, suggesting a synergistic effect on the individual factors, as well as increasing the explained variance of PA. Results confirmed the important role of received social support in the PA of CAD patients. It could be presumed that strengthening the social support from family and friends could support the regular physical activity of CAD patients.
Randomised clinical study: acute effects of metformin versus placebo on portal pressure in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension
Authors: Rittig Nikolaj , Aagaard Niels Kristian , Villadsen Gerda Elisabeth , Sandahl Thomas Damgaard , Jessen Niels , Grønbæk Henning , George Jacob 
Published: June 2021

SummaryBackgroundPortal hypertension is the main determinant of clinical decompensation in patients with liver cirrhosis. In preclinical data metformin lowers portal pressure, but there are no clinical data for this beneficial effect.AimsTo investigate the acute effects of metformin on hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and liver perfusion.MethodsIn a randomised, double‐blinded study design, we investigated 32 patients with cirrhosis before and 90 minutes after ingestion of 1000‐mg metformin (n = 16) or placebo (n = 16). Liver vein catherisation was performed to evaluate HVPG and indocyanine green (ICG) infusion for investigation of hepatic blood flow.ResultsThe mean relative change in HVPG was −16% (95% CI: −28% to −4%) in the metformin group compared with 4% (95% CI: −6% to 14%) in the placebo group (time × group interaction, P = 0.008). In patients with baseline HVPG ≥12 mm Hg clinically significant improvements in HVPG (HVPG <12 mm Hg or a >20% reduction in HVPG) were observed in 46% (6/13) of metformin‐treated and in 8% (1/13) of placebo‐treated patients (P = 0.07). There were no changes or differences in systemic blood pressure, heart rate, hepatic plasma and blood flow, hepatic ICG clearance, hepatic O2 uptake or inflammation markers between groups.ConclusionsA single oral metformin dose acutely reduces HVPG in patients with portal hypertension without affecting systemic or liver hemodynamics or inflammatory biomarkers. This offers a promising perspective of a safe and inexpensive treatment option that should be investigated in larger‐scale clinical studies with long‐term outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
Trust and tribulation: Racial identity centrality, institutional trust, and support for candidates in the 2020 US presidential election
Authors: Blankenship Benjamin T. , Davis Tangier , Areguin Maira A. , Savaş Özge , Winter David , Stewart Abigail J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe examined how racial‐ethnic identity centrality, or the importance of race/ethnicity in people's self‐perceptions, affected peoples’ support for the Democratic and Republican candidates in the 2020 US election. We explored this association by examining the mediating role of trust in important social institutions. In Study 1, we examined these effects by comparing the pattern of relationships among people of color (POC) and white people, using a sample of 177 Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) participants. In Study 2, we expanded our focus on different racial‐ethnic groups, by comparing effects for Black, Latinx, Asian American/Pacific Islander (AAPI), and white participants, using a sample of 530 MTurk workers. Although there were a few findings that ran contrary to our expectations, the two studies generally found that trust in institutions that challenge the status quo, such as the media, explained the relationship between identity centrality and support for candidates among POC, especially Black and Latinx participants. We also found that trust in institutions that uphold the status quo, such as police and courts, explained the relationship between racial‐ethnic identity centrality and support for candidates among white people.
Maxillary implant overdentures on two or four implants. A prospective randomized cross‐over clinical trial of implant and denture success and survival
Authors: Kappel Stefanie , Klotz Anna‐Luisa , Eberhard Lydia , Lorenzo Bermejo Justo , Rammelsberg Peter , Giannakopoulos Nikolaos Nikitas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo determine implant survival and success of four conventionally but initially asynchronously loaded implants in implant‐supported overdentures for the edentulous maxilla, in participants with opposing mandibular two‐implant overdentures.Material and methodsTwenty‐six participants received four implants in the region of the maxillary canines and molars. After healing, 24 of these participants (mean age: 68.3 years) were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups, and the adapted overdenture was attached to two unsplinted cylindrical attachments. The other two matrixes remained unattached to the implants for 3 months. After this period, the other two implants were loaded for 3 months (cross‐over design). Then, all four implants were loaded for another 3 months. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to evaluate survival and success of implants and dentures.ResultsDuring the active prosthetic study phase, three participants lost one implant. Two participants lost three implants during the recall period. Implant survival after loading was 93.8% after a mean observation period of 3.1 years. Denture survival was 100%, but denture success was 95.8%, due to major prosthetic complications. Most participants preferred four implants to two.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the study, it can be concluded that maxillary implant overdentures on two or four implants are both recommendable treatment options. Two posterior implants are not superior to two anterior implants under overdentures retained by unsplinted cylindrical attachments. Implant and prosthetic complications and aftercare measures are common but are mostly easy to handle. However, 23 of the 24 participants preferred the 4‐implant maxillary overdenture.
4,5‐Dinitrosulfonefluorescein and related dyes: Kinetics of reversible rupture of the pyran ring and their interaction with lysozyme
Authors: Kriklya Nika N. , Gromovoy Taras Yu. , Mchedlov‐Petrossyan Nikolay O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFluorescein and sulfonefluorescein dyes are stable in solution within a wide pH range. Nucleophilic addition of the hydroxide (HO–) group to the nodal carbon atom is not typical of these compounds. They are also not prone to rupture of the pyran cycle under the action of alkali. However, the last‐named heterocycle readily opens at high pH values in the case of derivatives containing nitro groups in the xanthene moiety. Moreover, while in the case of nitrofluoresceins, for example, 4,5‐dinitrofluorescein, this reaction is irreversible, with 4,5‐dinitrosulfonefluorescein acidification of the alkaline solution immediately returns the visible absorption spectrum to that of the original hydroxyxanthene dye. We present a quantitative study of the kinetics of the pyran cycle rupture in aqueous alkali without and with micelles of a cationic surfactant. Also, both initial dye and reaction product were studied via the matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐ToF) technique. The second part of the article is devoted to the interaction of 4,5‐dinitrosulfonefluorescein and other dyes of similar structure with lysozyme basing on the MALDI‐ToF mass spectrometry. This made it possible to arrange the dyes according to their affinity for the protein and draw some conclusions about the nature of the association of the dye with lysozyme.
Nodakenin represses obesity and its complications via the inhibition of the VLDLR signalling pathway in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Jin Bo‐Ram , Lee Minho , An Hyo‐Jin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesNodakenin (NK) is a coumarin glucoside that is found in the roots of Angelicae gigas. A limited number of studies have been conducted on the pharmacological activities of NK. Although NK is an important natural resource having anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects, no investigation has been conducted to examine the effects of NK on obesity and obesity‐induced inflammation.Materials and MethodsThe present study investigated the therapeutic effects of NK treatment on obesity and its complications, and its mechanism of action using differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes and high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obese mice. Oil red O staining, western blot assay, qRT‐PCR assay, siRNA transfection, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, molecular docking and immunofluorescence staining were utilized.ResultsTreatment with NK demonstrated anti‐adipogenesis effects via the regulation of adipogenic transcription factors and genes associated with triglyceride synthesis in differentiated 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Compared with the control group, the group administered NK showed a suppression in weight gain, dyslipidaemia and the development of fatty liver in HFD‐induced obese mice. In addition, NK administration inhibited adipogenic differentiation and obesity‐induced inflammation and oxidative stress via the suppression of the VLDLR and MEK/ERK1/2 pathways. This is the first study that has documented the interaction between NK and VLDLR structure.ConclusionThese results demonstrate the potential of NK as a natural product‐based therapeutic candidate for the treatment of obesity and its complications by targeting adipogenesis and adipose tissue inflammation‐associated markers.