bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initiation of four basal insulins and subsequent treatment modification in people treated for type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom: Changes over the period 2003–2018
Authors: Brunetti Vanessa C. , Yu Oriana H. Y. , Platt Robert W. , Filion Kristian B. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimsAim of this study is to describe changes in the utilization of basal insulins (glargine, detemir, degludec, neutral protamine Hagedorn [NPH]) among individuals with type 2 diabetes between 2003 and 2018 in the United Kingdom (UK).Materials and MethodsUsing the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) Aurum, we created three study cohorts of individuals with type 2 diabetes: (1) all users of antidiabetic drugs (n = 686,170); (2) initiators of antidiabetic drugs (n = 382,247); and (3) initiators of basal insulins (n = 85,369). Trends in prescription rates were determined using Poisson regression overall and stratified by sex, cardiovascular disease history, and obesity. Crude and adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to obtain hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CI) comparing rates of treatment change between classes of basal insulins, with an intention‐to‐treat exposure definition.ResultsDuring the study period, prescription rates of insulin analogues increased in the all‐user cohort from 118.3 (95% CI: 116.4, 120.2) prescriptions per 1000 person‐years in 2003 to 579.4 (95% CI: 576.9, 582.0) in 2018. Prescription rates of NPH decreased from 770.5 (95% CI: 765.0, 775.3) in 2003 to 457.7 (95% CI: 455.5, 460.0) in 2018. Compared to initiators of NPH, initiators of detemir were more likely to change treatment (adjusted HR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.25, 1.37) while glargine initiators were less likely to change treatment (adjusted HR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.82, 0.88).ConclusionsBasal insulin prescription evolved between 2003 and 2018. Our study provides insight into the evolving use of basal insulin among individuals with type 2 diabetes in the UK.
Systematic analysis of goal‐related movement sequences during maternal behaviour in a female mouse model for Rett syndrome
Authors: Stevenson Parker K. , Casenhiser Devin M. , Lau Billy Y. B. , Krishnan Keerthi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRodent dams seek and gather scattered pups back to the nest (pup retrieval), an essential aspect of maternal care. Systematic analysis of the dynamic sequences of goal‐related movements that comprise the entire behavioural sequence, which would be ultimately essential for understanding the underlying neurobiology, is not well‐characterized. Here, we present such analysis across 3 days in alloparental female mice (Surrogates or Sur) of two genotypes; Mecp2Heterozygotes (Het), a female mouse model for Rett syndrome and their wild type (WT) siblings. We analysed CBA/CaJ and C57BL/6J WT surrogates for within‐strain comparisons. Frame‐by‐frame analysis over different phases was performed manually using DataVyu software. We previously showed that surrogate Het are inefficient at pup retrieval, by end‐point analysis such as latency index and errors. Here, the sequence of searching, pup‐approach and successful retrieval streamlines over days for WT, while Het exhibits variations in this pattern. Goal‐related movements between Het and WT are similar in other phases, suggesting context‐driven atypical patterns in Het during the pup retrieval phase. We identified proximal pup approach and pup grooming as atypical tactile interactions between pups and Het. Day‐by‐day analysis showed dynamic changes in goal‐related movements in individual animals across genotypes and strains. Overall, our approach (1) highlights natural variation in individual mice on different days, (2) establishes a “gold‐standard” manually curated dataset to help build behavioural repertoires using machine learning approaches, and (3) suggests atypical tactile sensory processing and possible regression in a female mouse model for Rett syndrome.
Diagnostic and prognostic utility of computed tomography perfusion imaging in posterior circulation acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Katyal Anubhav , Calic Zeljka , Killingsworth Murray , Bhaskar Sonu Menachem Maimonides 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundComputed tomography perfusion (CTP) imaging could be useful in the diagnosis of posterior circulation stroke (PCS) and in identifying patients who are likely to experience favorable outcomes following reperfusion therapy. The current study sought to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic capability of CTP in acute ischemic PCS by performing a systematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsMedline/PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched using the terms: “posterior circulation”, “CT perfusion”, “acute stroke”, and “reperfusion therapy”. The following studies were included: (1) patients aged 18 years or above; (2) patients diagnosed with PCS; and (3) studies with good methodological design. Pooled sensitivity (SENS), specificity (SPEC), and area under the curve (AUC), computed using the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves, were used to determine diagnostic/prognostic capability.ResultsOut of 14 studies included, a meta‐analysis investigating diagnostic accuracy of CTP was performed on nine studies. Meta‐analysis demonstrated comparable diagnostic accuracy of CTP to non‐contrast computed tomography (NCCT) (AUCCTP: 0.90 [95% CI 0.87–0.92] vs. AUCNCCT: 0.96 [95% CI 0.94–0.97]); however, with higher pooled sensitivity (SENSCTP: 72% [95% CI 57%–83%] vs. SENSNCCT: 25% [95% CI 17%–35%]) and lower specificity (SPECCTP: 90% [95% CI 83%–94%] vs. SPECNCCT: 96% [95% CI 95%–98%]) than NCCT. Meta‐analysis to determine prognostic capability of CTP could not be performed.ConclusionsCTP has limited diagnostic utility in acute ischemic PCS, albeit with superior diagnostic sensitivity and inferior diagnostic specificity to NCCT. Further prospective trials are required to validate the prognostic capability of CTP‐derived parameters in PCS.
Global decisions versus local realities: Sustainability standards, priorities and upgrading dynamics in agricultural global production networks
Authors: Krauss Judith E. , Krishnan Aarti 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVoluntary sustainability standards (VSSs) in global production networks (GPNs) have grown significantly in prominence. Existing research largely assumed that VSSs create linear upgrading outcomes for all GPN actors and has studied VSSs from the point of adoption in the GPNs, rather than a broader range of stages in their lifecycle. To address these limitations, and building on literature around power and agency in GPNs, we develop the constellation of priorities (CoP) model to unpack the diverse and often diverging boardroom (Northern lead firm) and local (Southern supplier) priorities involved in such standards. Through in‐depth fieldwork on horticulture in Kenya and cocoa in Nicaragua across the VSS lifecycle, we find significant divergences in priorities between farmer groups in both countries and lead firms in the UK and Germany. We demonstrate analytically and empirically that diverging priorities coupled with power asymmetries produced contestations, leading to simultaneous economic and environmental downgrading, and social upgrading.
Inflammation, angiogenesis and sensory nerve sprouting in the synovium of bony ankylosed and not bony ankylosed knees with end‐stage haemophilic arthropathy
Authors: Huang Jiaxin , Zhu Haijia , Lv Shuaijie , Tong Peijian , Xun Liu , Zhang Shanxing 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionClinical practice showed that patients with haemophilia (PwH) with bony ankylosed end‐stage haemophilic arthropathy knees reported milder pain than those with not bony ankylosed knees.AimTo compare the differences in pain sensation and the histopathological differences in synovial samples of affected knee joints between PwH with bony ankylosed end‐stage haemophilic arthropathy knees and those with not bony ankylosed knees.MethodsFrom January 2011 to December 2019, the synovial samples of knee joints were collected during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery for end‐stage haemophilic arthropathy. The visual analogue scale (VAS, 0–10) pain score was reviewed from the chart data of the patients. The thickness of the inner layer of the synovium in haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining sections was measured. The expression levels of Ki67, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, CD31, VEGF, NGF and PGP9.5 in the synovium were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) method.ResultsFifty‐two end‐stage haemophilic arthropathy knee synovial samples from 36 male PwH (34 type A and 2 type B) were collected. Fifteen knees had bony ankylosed (BA‐group), and 37 were not bony ankylosed (Not‐BA‐group). The mean age of patients at TKA surgery of BA‐group and Not‐BA‐group was 32 years (15) and 32 years (10), respectively (p = 0.824). Before TKA surgery, the mean VAS pain scores of patients in the Not‐BA‐group were significantly higher than those in the BA‐group (p < 0.001). The mean thickness of the inner layer of the synovium, the mean rate of Ki67+ cells, the mean density of CD31+ vascular endothelial cells and the expression levels of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, VEGF and NGF in samples in the Not‐BA‐group was significantly higher than those in samples in the BA‐group (p < 0.001, p = 0.02, p = 0.001, p = 0.117, p < 0.001, p = 0.003 and p = 0.008), respectively. The mean density of PGP9.5+ sensory neural fibres in the Not‐BA‐group was slightly higher than in the BA‐group (p = 0.131). Linear regression analysis showed a significant positive correlation between the VAS pain score and indicators including the synovial thickness, the rate of Ki67+ cells, the expression level of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, VEGF, NGF and the densities of CD31+ vascular endothelial cells and PGP9.5+ nerve fibres (p < 0.05).ConclusionsWorsened hypertrophic synovitis, angiogenesis and sensory nerve sprouting in the synovium may play a critical role in causing worse pain sensation in PwH with not bony ankylosed haemophilic arthropathy knees than in those with bony ankylosed knees.
Disruption in the apparel industry? Automation, employment and reshoring
Authors: BÁRCIA DE MATTOS Fernanda , EISENBRAUN Jeff , KUCERA David , ROSSI Arianna 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAmid concern about the impact of automation on employment, there is consensus that jobs comprising repetitive codifiable tasks are at greatest risk. The apparel industry has been strategic in economic development as an entry point into global markets and as a creator of jobs. Although routine work characterizes the bulk of employment in apparel manufacturing, the penetration of automation technologies remains limited. Drawing on interviews with key personnel at leading apparel brands, this article offers new insights into the current and projected use of technology, identifying practical bottlenecks and discussing potential implications for the global distribution of production and employment.
Effects of microwave technology on the subcutaneous abdominal fat and anthropometric indices of overweight adults: A clinical trial
Authors: Pahlavani Naseh , Nattagh‐Eshtivani Elyas , Amanollahi Alireza , Ranjbar Golnaz , Aghdaei Hamid Asadzadeh , Navashenaq Jamshid Gholizadeh , Shabaninezhad Zeinab , Sharahi Najibeh Razgardani , Maleki Moona , Malekahmadi Mahsa , Norouzy Abdolreza 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveNon‐invasive body contouring devices have fewer side effects and are the new techniques for the treatment of obesity. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of microwave technology on the abdominal obesity and anthropometric indices of overweight adults.Materials and MethodsThis clinical trial was conducted on 53 overweight adults aged 18–65 years who referred to Behbood Clinic in Tehran, Iran. The participants were exposed to microwave technology (radiofrequency: 2.5 GHz) based on a standard treatment protocol at three intervals (0, 20, and 40 days). Abdominal obesity, body mass index, waist‐to‐hip ratio, body fat mass, and fat thickness were measured at the beginning and 20, 40, and 60 days after the study. In addition, three‐day dietary records were collected at intervals.ResultsIn total, 77.6% of the subjects were female and 22.4% were male. The mean calorie intake of the participants was 2245.14 ± 1981.16 kcal/day. Microwave shock significantly reduced fat thickness in four abdominal areas (p < 0.001). Moreover, waist circumference (p < 0.001) and total fat thickness of the abdomen decreased (p = 0.003 and p = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionAccording to the results, microwave technology and radiofrequency could effectively reduce anthropometric indices. In general, the reduction of these indicators and weight may be more significant in men compared to women.
Effects of robotic care interventions for dementia care: A systematic review and meta‐analysis randomised controlled trials
Authors: Saragih Ita Daryanti , Tonapa Santo Imanuel , Sun Tien‐Lung , Chia‐Ju Lin , Lee Bih‐O 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe role of robotic care has been studied because it may be a care option applicable to dementia care. However, the effects of robotic care in dementia care are still inconclusive.AimTo explore the span of the effects of robotic care intervention among patients with dementia.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsThis study searched systematically using the following databases: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed, SocINDEX, UpToDate (OVID) and Web of Science. The eligibility criteria were patients with dementia, randomised controlled trials and publications in English. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality in the included studies. The meta‐analysis was performed using a fixed‐effects model to calculate the pooled effects of robotic care interventions. STATA 16.0 was used for statistical analysis. The results are reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.ResultsA total of 15 studies met the eligibility criteria and included 1684 participants. Overall, the robotic care interventions had positive effects on agitation (SMD = 0.09; 95% CI [−0.22–0.33]), anxiety (SMD = −0.07; 95% CI [−0.42–0.28]), cognitive function (SMD = 0.16; 95% CI [−0.08–0.40]), depression (SMD = −0.35; 95% CI [−0.69–0.02]), neuropsychiatric symptoms (SMD = 0.16; 95% CI [−0.29–0.61]), total hours of sleep during daytime (SMD = −0.31; 95% CI [−0.55 to 0.07]) and quality of life (SMD = 0.24; 95% CI [−0.23–0.70]).ConclusionRobotic care intervention may be an effective and alternative intervention for improving the health outcomes for people with dementia. The robotic care effect on anxiety should be confirmed. Further studies may consider the frequency, duration of intervention and possible negative outcomes after robotic care interventions.Relevance to clinical practiceAs a non‐pharmacological approach, nursing staff may consider the robotic care intervention in providing care for patients with dementia since this intervention has clinical benefits.
Property Rights to Client Relationships and Financial Advisor Incentives
Authors: CLIFFORD CHRISTOPHER P. , GERKEN WILLIAM C. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTWe study the effect of a change in property rights on employee behavior in the financial advice industry. Our identification comes from staggered firm‐level entry into the Protocol for Broker Recruiting, which waived nonsolicitation clauses for advisor transitions among member firms, effectively transferring ownership of client relationships from the firm to the advisor. After the shock, advisors appear to tend to client relationships more by investing in client‐facing industry licenses, shifting to fee‐based advising, and reducing customer complaints. Our findings support property rights based investment theories of the firm and document offsetting costs to restricting labor mobility.
Transitioning from cerebrospinal fluid to blood tests to facilitate diagnosis and disease monitoring in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Alawode D. O. T. , Heslegrave A. J. , Ashton N. J. , Karikari T. K. , Simrén J. , Montoliu‐Gaya L. , Pannee J. , O´Connor A. , Weston P. S. J. , Lantero‐Rodriguez J. , Keshavan A. , Snellman A. , Gobom J. , Paterson R. W. , Schott J. M. , Blennow K. , Fox N. C. , Zetterberg H. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is increasingly prevalent worldwide, and disease‐modifying treatments may soon be at hand; hence, now, more than ever, there is a need to develop techniques that allow earlier and more secure diagnosis. Current biomarker‐based guidelines for AD diagnosis, which have replaced the historical symptom‐based guidelines, rely heavily on neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sampling. While these have greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy of AD pathophysiology, they are less practical for application in primary care, population‐based and epidemiological settings, or where resources are limited. In contrast, blood is a more accessible and cost‐effective source of biomarkers in AD. In this review paper, using the recently proposed amyloid, tau and neurodegeneration [AT(N)] criteria as a framework towards a biological definition of AD, we discuss recent advances in biofluid‐based biomarkers, with a particular emphasis on those with potential to be translated into blood‐based biomarkers. We provide an overview of the research conducted both in CSF and in blood to draw conclusions on biomarkers that show promise. Given the evidence collated in this review, plasma neurofilament light chain (N) and phosphorylated tau (p‐tau; T) show particular potential for translation into clinical practice. However, p‐tau requires more comparisons to be conducted between its various epitopes before conclusions can be made as to which one most robustly differentiates AD from non‐AD dementias. Plasma amyloid beta (A) would prove invaluable as an early screening modality, but it requires very precise tests and robust pre‐analytical protocols.
High prevalence and low diversity of chigger infestation in small mammals found inBangkok Metropolitanparks
Authors: Wulandhari S. A. , Paladsing Y. , Saesim W. , Charoennitiwat V. , Sonthayanon P. , Kumlert R. , Morand S. , Sumruayphol S. , Chaisiri K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChiggers are recognized as vectors of scrub typhus disease caused by the bacteria,Orientia tsutsugamushi. The risk of disease exposure is mainly related to chigger bites when humans or animals roam into vector‐infested habitats. In big cities, urban public parks could provide areas for the animal–human interface and zoonotic pathogen transmission. The ecology and epidemiology of urban scrub typhus are still poorly understood in Thailand. Small mammals were trapped and examined for chigger infestation in urban public parks across metropolitan Bangkok, Thailand. We found a high prevalence of infestation (76.8%) with surprisingly low diversity. Two chigger species,Leptotrombidium delienseandAscoschoengastia indica, were identified using morphological characteristics and molecular confirmation. The generalized linear model identified host intrinsic variables (i.e. body mass index) with host density, habitat composition and open field as the extrinsic factors explaining the abundance of chigger infestation. The bacteriaO. tsutsugamushiwas not detected in chiggers (90 chigger‐pooled samples) and animal host tissues (164 spleen samples). However, the existence of chigger vectors calls for the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration and public health authorities to develop a comprehensive scrub typhus monitoring and prevention strategy in the parks and nearby communities.
Incidence of hyperkalemic RTA in pediatric post‐renal transplant patients and the role of fludrocortisone
Authors: Alabdulqader Muneera A. , Azzam Ahmad , Alshami Alanoud A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundOne of the most common forms of post‐transplant tubulopathy is hyperkalemic (RTA). The true incidence of hyperkalemic RTA in pediatric patients has not yet been studied. (CNIs) remain mostly blamed. Most cases are managed with sodium bicarbonate and potassium binding resins. Few studies have addressed the role of fludrocortisone in managing such patients. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of fludrocortisone in the treatment of post‐transplant hyperkalemic RTA.MethodThis is a retrospective cohort study of all pediatric (aged ≤16 years) post‐kidney transplant patients who were followed up in KFSH‐D, Saudi Arabia from January 2015 until September 2019. A total of 136 pediatric post‐renal transplant patients were reviewed, of these, 39 patients who were commenced on fludrocortisone post‐transplant treatment and were followed up for at least 6 months after fludrocortisone initiation were included in this study.ResultsThe incidence of hyperkalemic RTA in our center was 60.6%. The medication requirements decreased significantly after fludrocortisone initiation. The median sodium bicarbonate dose decreased from 1.2 mEq/kg/day (range, 0.0–4.7) prior to fludrocortisone treatment to 0.0 mEq/kg/day (range, 0.0–4.3) at 6‐month follow‐up (p < .001). Similarly, the median (SPS) dose decreased from 1.2 g/kg/day (range, 0.0–4.0) before fludrocortisone treatment to 0.0 g/kg/day (range, 0.0–3.6) (p < .001) at 6‐month follow‐up. The initial mean potassium level 5.17 mmol/L ± 0.61SD dropped to 4.60 mmol/L ± 0.46SD at 6‐month follow‐up (p < .001). The initial mean serum bicarbonate level 22.31 mmol/L ± 3.67SD increased to 24.5 mmol/L ± 2.8SD at 6‐month follow‐up (p < .01). No effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure was observed during follow‐up.ConclusionHyperkalemic RTA incidence was high in our cohort. Fludrocortisone is safe and effective drug in the treatment of post‐kidney transplant hyperkalemic RTA.
Course of renal allograft function after diagnosis and treatment of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disorders in pediatric kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Zierhut Henriette , Kanzelmeyer Nele , Buescher Anja , Höcker Britta , Mauz‐Körholz Christine , Tönshoff Burkhard , Metzler Markus , Pohl Martin , Pape Lars , Maecker‐Kolhoff Britta 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPost‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a life‐threatening complication in renal transplant recipients. Immunomodulatory and chemotherapeutic treatment potentially affect allograft function. The aim of this study was to evaluate graft function of pediatric kidney transplant recipients following diagnosis and standardized treatment of PTLD.MethodsPatients were identified from the German Ped‐PTLD registry, and data on renal function were retrospectively retrieved from patient charts. For PTLD treatment, immunosuppressive therapy was reduced and all children received rituximab (375 mg/m2) for up to six doses. Two patients required additional low‐dose chemotherapy. Renal allograft function was monitored by consecutive measurements of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at defined time points. Follow‐up was up to 60 months after PTLD.ResultsTwenty patients were included in this cohort analysis. Median time from transplantation to PTLD was 2.4 years. Histopathology showed monomorphic lesions in 16 and polymorphic in 4 patients. Two patients experienced PTLD relapse after 2 and 14 months. Range‐based analysis of variance showed stable allograft function in 17 of 20 patients (85%). Mean eGFR increased during early treatment phase. One patient experienced graft rejection 5.3 years after diagnosis of PTLD. Another patient developed recurrence of primary renal disease (focal‐segmental glomerulosclerosis) and lost his renal allograft 3.8 years post‐transplant (2.0 years after PTLD diagnosis).ConclusionTreatment of PTLD with rituximab with or without low‐dose chemotherapy in combination with reduced immunosuppression, mostly comprising of an mTOR inhibitor‐based, calcineurin inhibitor‐free regimen, is associated with stable graft function and favorable graft survival in pediatric renal transplant patients.