bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogenolysis of Furfuryl Alcohol to 1,2‐Pentanediol Over Supported Ruthenium Catalysts
Authors: Yamaguchi Aritomo , Murakami Yuka , Imura Tomohiro , Wakita Kazuaki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHydrogenolysis of the furan rings of furfural and furfuryl alcohol, which can be obtained from biomass, has attracted attention as a method for obtaining valuable chemicals such as 1,2‐pentanediol. In this study, we examined the hydrogenolysis of furfuryl alcohol to 1,2‐pentanediol over Pd/C, Pt/C, Rh/C, and various supported Ru catalysts in several solvents. In particular, we investigated the effects of combinations of solvents and supports on the reaction outcome. Of all the tested combinations, Ru/MgO in water gave the best selectivity for 1,2‐pentanediol: with this catalyst, 42 % selectivity for 1,2‐pentanediol was achieved upon hydrogenolysis of furfuryl alcohol for 1 h at 463 K. In contrast, reaction in water in the presence of Ru/Al2O3 afforded cyclopentanone and cyclopentanol by means of hydrogenation and rearrangement reactions.
Parental limited English proficiency in pediatric stem cell transplantation: Clinical impact and health care utilization
Authors: Robles Joanna M. , Troy Jesse D. , Schroeder Kristin M. , Martin Paul L. , LeBlanc Thomas W. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLimited English proficiency (LEP) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The clinical impact of LEP in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) has not been studied. The objectives of this study were to compare HSCT outcomes and health care utilization of Hispanic pediatric patients with and without parental LEP.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of Hispanic/Latino pediatric patients receiving HSCT at a single institution. Families were identified as LEP or English proficient (EP) based on clinicians’ notes, social work documentation, or the signature of a Spanish interpreter on treatment consents.ResultsA total of 83 Hispanic/Latino patients were identified with 53 (65.1%) having parental LEP. More patients in the LEP group had a documented financial burden at pretransplant psychosocial evaluation (72.2% vs. 41.4%, p = .009). LEP patients were more likely to have health insurance coverage through government‐sponsored Medicaid (76.9% vs. 27.6%, p < .001). LEP patients were hospitalized on average 13 days longer than EP patients, and LEP patients were more likely to have pretransplant cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivity (67.3%) than EP patients (p = .001). Overall survival was lower in LEP than EP, but was not statistically significant (p = .193). Multivariable Cox modeling suggested a potentially higher risk of death in LEP versus EP (hazard ratio = 1.56, 95% CI: 0.38, 6.23).ConclusionsParental LEP in HSCT is associated with prolonged hospitalization and pretransplant CMV reactivity. These factors are associated with posttransplant complications and death. Our results suggest parental LEP is a risk factor for poor HSCT outcomes. Further study is warranted in a larger cohort.
Thermal characterization of organically modified montmorillonite and short carbon fibers reinforced glycol‐modified polyethylene terephthalate nanocomposite filaments
Authors: Mahesh Vinyas , Joseph Athul S. , Mahesh Vishwas , Harursampath Dineshkumar 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe focus on the combined effects of fibers and nanoparticles in the realization of novel, high‐performance polymer composites has been increasing progressively. In addition to this, the intervention of additive manufacturing in this pursuit has further enhanced this interest among researchers to experimentally quantify the properties of these composites for various applications. Therefore, this study focuses on experimentally evaluating the thermal behavior of extruded glycol‐modified poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PETG) comonomers reinforced with short carbon fibers (SCFs) and organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanoclay that are apt for 3D printing. Different weight compositions of the aforementioned materials are prepared, compounded, and extruded using a twin‐screw extruder into 16 variants of 3D printable filaments. These filaments are subjected to thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform‐infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as per their respective American society for testing and materials (ASTM) standards. The results show improvements in the thermal behavior of the composites for various concentrations of OMMT and SCFs. The FTIR analyses complement the capability of OMMT particles and SCFs for microvibrational damping and infrared absorption. The study also demonstrates the influence of chemical interactions between the SCFs, OMMT, and PETG on the overall performance of the composites. It is believed that this study paves way for the induction of such composites in relevant applications including secondary aerospace structures, automobile interiors, and other engineering structural needs.
Racial and ethnic disparities in post‐traumatic stress and illness coherence in breast cancer survivors with comorbid diabetes
Authors: Mazor Melissa , Wisnivesky Juan P. , Goel Mita , Harris Yael Tobi , Lin Jenny J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractContextBreast cancer survivors (BCS) with comorbid diabetes mellitus (DM) and of racial and ethnic minority status are at higher risk of cancer‐related post‐traumatic stress (PTS) and severe illness beliefs. These affective and cognitive outcomes influence self‐management and treatment adherence in patients with chronic conditions, yet little is known regarding the interplay of these processes in diverse BCS with comorbid DM.ObjectivesThe purposes of this study were to (1) describe racial and ethnic differences in cancer‐related PTS and illness perceptions; and (2) examine the relationship between PTS and illness perceptions in BCS with comorbid DM.MethodsFemale BCS with DM completed measures of cancer related stress (Impact of Events Scale‐Revised) and cancer and DM illness perception (Illness Perception Questionnaire‐Revised). Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between PTS, race and illness perceptions.ResultsOf the 135 BCS with comorbid DM, the mean (standard deviation) age was 65.3 (7.1) years, 38% were Black, 31% Non‐Hispanic White (NHW), 13% Hispanic/Latina, and 18% were “other.” Minority women were more likely to report cancer‐related PTS (p < 0.01). In adjusted analyses, PTS was associated with chronicity (odds ratio [OR] = 9.79, p = 0.005), time‐cycle (OR = 6.71, p = 0.001), negative consequences (OR = 3.95, p = 0.018), and negative emotional impact (OR = 12.63, p < 0.001) of cancer.ConclusionMinority BCS with comorbid DM report higher rates of cancer‐related PTS and lower cancer illness coherence relative to NHW survivors. Cancer‐related PTS influences cancer and DM illness perceptions. Culturally sensitive care is needed to improve these outcomes in minority BCS.Key MessageThis article presents findings from a cross sectional cohort of an understudied population of racially and ethnically diverse BCS with comorbid diabetes. The results indicate that the occurrence of PTS is significantly higher in racial and ethnic minority women and is strongly associated with more severe illness perceptions.
Multiparty protocol that usually shuffles
Authors: Mardi Dhaneshwar , Tanwar Surbhi , Howlader Jaydeep 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMultiparty computation is raising importance because its primary objective is to replace any trusted third party in the distributed computation. This work presents two multiparty shuffling protocols where each party, possesses a private input, agrees on a random permutation while keeping the permutation secret. The proposed shuffling protocols are based on permutation network, thereby data‐oblivious. The first proposal is‐permute that permutesinputs in allpossible ways.‐permute network consists oflayers, and in each layer there aregates. Our second protocol is‐permute shuffling that defines a permutation setwhere, and the resultant shuffling is a random permutation. The‐permute network contains less number of layers compare with‐permute network. Let, the‐permute network would definelayers. The proposed shuffling protocols are unconditionally secure against malicious adversary who can corrupt at mostparties. The probability that adversary can learn the outcome of‐permute is upper bound by. Whereas, the probability that adversary can learn the outcome of‐permute is upper bounded by, for some positive integer, and a recursive definition of. The protocols allow the parties to build quorums, and distribute the load among the quorums.
Intelligent Planning of Logistic Networks to Counteract Uncertainty Propagation
Authors: Ignaciuk Przemysław , Dziomdziora Adam 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA major obstacle to stable and cost-efficient management of goods distribution systems is the bullwhip effect – reinforced demand uncertainty propagating among system nodes. In this work, by solving a formally established optimization problem, it is shown how one can mitigate the bullwhip effect, at the same minimizing transportation costs, in modern logistic networks with complex topologies. The flow of resources in the analyzed network is governed by the popular order-up-to inventory policy, which thrives to maintain sufficient stock at the nodes to answer a priori unknown, uncertain demand. The optimization objective is to decide how intensive a given transport channel should be used so that unnecessary goods relocation and the bullwhip effect are avoided while being able to fulfill demand requests. The computationally challenging optimization task is solved using a population-based evolutionary technique – Biogeography-Based Optimization. The results are verified in extensive simulations of a real-world transportation network.
Colored HOMFLY-PT for hybrid weaving knot $$ {\hat{\mathrm{W}}}_3 $$(m, n)
Authors: Singh Vivek Kumar , Mishra Rama , Ramadevi P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Weaving knots W(p, n) of type (p, n) denote an infinite family of hyperbolic knots which have not been addressed by the knot theorists as yet. Unlike the well known (p, n) torus knots, we do not have a closed-form expression for HOMFLY-PT and the colored HOMFLY-PT for W(p, n). In this paper, we confine to a hybrid generalization of W(3, n) which we denote as $$ {\hat{W}}_3 $$

W
̂

3

(m, n) and obtain closed form expression for HOMFLY-PT using the Reshitikhin and Turaev method involving $$ \mathrm{\mathcal{R}} $$
ℛ
-matrices. Further, we also compute [r]-colored HOMFLY-PT for W(3, n). Surprisingly, we observe that trace of the product of two dimensional $$ \hat{\mathrm{\mathcal{R}}} $$

ℛ
̂

-matrices can be written in terms of infinite family of Laurent polynomials $$ {\mathcal{V}}_{n,t}\left[q\right] $$

V

n
,
t

q

whose absolute coefficients has interesting relation to the Fibonacci numbers $$ {\mathrm{\mathcal{F}}}_n $$

ℱ
n

. We also computed reformulated invariants and the BPS integers in the context of topological strings. From our analysis, we propose that certain refined BPS integers for weaving knot W(3, n) can be explicitly derived from the coefficients of Chebyshev polynomials of first kind.
Global analysis of leptophilic Z′ bosons
Authors: Buras Andrzej J. , Crivellin Andreas , Kirk Fiona , Manzari Claudio Andrea , Montull Marc 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNew neutral heavy gauge bosons (Z′) are predicted within many extensions of the Standard Model. While in case they couple to quarks the LHC bounds are very stringent, leptophilicZ′bosons (even with sizable couplings) can be much lighter and therefore lead to interesting quantum effects in precision observables (like (g −2)μ) and generate flavour violating decays of charged leptons. In particular,$$ \mathrm{\ell}\to \mathrm{\ell}^{\prime }v\overline{v} $$ℓ→ℓ′vv¯decays, anomalous magnetic moments of charged leptons,ℓ → ℓ′γandℓ →3ℓ′decays place stringent limits on leptophilicZ′bosons. Furthermore, in case of mixingZ′with the SMZ,Zpole observables are affected. In light of these many observables we perform a global fit to leptophilicZ′models with the main goal of finding the bounds for theZ′couplings to leptons. To this end we consider a number of scenarios for these couplings. While in generic scenarios correlations are weak, this changes once additional constraints on the couplings are imposed. In particular, if one considers anLμ− Lτsymmetry broken only by left-handed rotations, or considers the case ofτ − μcouplings only. In the latter setup, on can explain the (g −2)μanomaly and the hint for lepton flavour universality violation in$$ \tau \to \mu v\overline{v}/\tau \to ev\overline{v} $$τ→μvv¯/τ→evv¯without violating bounds from electroweak precision observables.
On the perturbative expansion at high temperature and implications for cosmological phase transitions
Authors: Gould Oliver , Tenkanen Tuomas V. I. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe revisit the perturbative expansion at high temperature and investigate its convergence by inspecting the renormalisation scale dependence of the effective potential. Although at zero temperature the renormalisation group improved effective potential is scale independent at one-loop, we show how this breaks down at high temperature, due to the misalignment of loop and coupling expansions. Following this, we show how one can recover renormalisation scale independence at high temperature, and that it requires computations at two-loop order. We demonstrate how this resolves some of the huge theoretical uncertainties in the gravitational wave signal of first-order phase transitions, though uncertainties remain stemming from the computation of the bubble nucleation rate.
Correlation of gastrointestinal perforation location and amount of free air and ascites on CT imaging
Authors: Drakopoulos Dionysios , Arcon Jacqueline , Freitag Peter , El-Ashmawy Mostafa , Lourens Steven , Beldi Guido , Obmann Verena Carola , Ebner Lukas , Huber Adrian Thomas , Christe Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo analyze the amount of free abdominal gas and ascites on computed tomography (CT) images relative to the location of a perforation.MethodsWe retrospectively included 172 consecutive patients (93:79 = m:f) with GIT perforation, who underwent abdominal surgery (ground truth for perforation location). The volume of free air and ascites were quantified on CT images by 4 radiologists and a semiautomated software. The relation of the perforation location (upper/lower GIT) and amount of free air and ascites was analyzed by the Mann–Whitney test. Furthermore, best volume cutoff for upper and lower GIT perforation, areas under the curve (AUC), and interreader volume agreement were assessed.ResultsThere was significantly more abdominal ascites with upper GIT perforation (333 ml, range 5 to 2000 ml) than with lower GIT perforation (100 ml, range 5 to 2000 ml,p = 0.022). The highest volume of free air was found with perforations of the stomach, descending colon and sigmoid colon. Significantly less free air was found with perforations of the small bowel and ascending colon compared to the aforementioned. An ascites volume > 333 ml was associated with an upper GIT perforation demonstrating an AUC of 0.63 ± 0.04.ConclusionUsing a two-step process based on the volumes of free air and free fluid can help localizing the site of perforation to the upper, middle or lower GI tract.Graphic abstract
Synthetic extracellular volume fraction without hematocrit sampling for hepatic applications
Authors: Mesropyan Narine , Kupczyk Patrick , Isaak Alexander , Endler Christoph , Faron Anton , Dold Leona , Sprinkart Alois M. , Pieper Claus C. , Kuetting Daniel , Attenberger Ulrike , Luetkens Julian A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Calculation of extracellular volume fraction (ECV) currently receives increasing interest as a potential biomarker for non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis. ECV calculation requires hematocrit (Hct) sampling, which might be difficult to obtain in a high-throughput radiology department. The aim of this study was to generate synthetic ECV for hepatic applications without the need for Hct sampling.

Methods
In this prospective study participants underwent liver MRI. T1 mapping was performed before and after contrast administration. Blood Hct was obtained prior to MRI. We hypothesized that the relationship between Hct and longitudinal relaxation rate of blood (R1 = 1/T1blood) could be calibrated and used to generate the equation for synthetic Htc and ECV calculation. Conventional and synthetic ECV were calculated. Pearson correlation, linear regression and Bland–Altman method were used for statistical analysis.

Results
180 consecutive patients were divided into derivation (n = 90) and validation (n = 90) cohorts. In the derivation cohort, native R1blood and Hct showed a linear relationship (HctMOLLI = 98.04 × (1/T1blood) − 33.17, R2 = 0.75, P < 0.001), which was used to calculate synthetic ECV in the validation and whole study cohorts. Synthetic and conventional ECV showed significant correlations in the derivation, validation and in the whole study cohorts (r = 0.99, 0.97 and 0.99, respectively, P < 0.001, respectively) with minimal bias according to the Bland–Altman analysis.

Conclusion
Synthetic ECV seems to offer an alternative method for non-invasive quantification of the hepatic ECV. It may potentially overcome an important barrier to clinical implementation of ECV and thus, enable broader use of hepatic ECV in routine clinical practice.
Does it matter for the radiologists’ performance whether they read short or long batches in organized mammographic screening?
Authors: Backmann Heinrich A. , Larsen Marthe , Danielsen Anders S. , Hofvind Solveig 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective
To analyze the association between radiologists’ performance and image position within a batch in screen reading of mammograms in Norway.

Method
We described true and false positives and true and false negatives by groups of image positions and batch sizes for 2,937,312 screen readings performed from 2012 to 2018. Mixed-effects models were used to obtain adjusted proportions of true and false positive, true and false negative, sensitivity, and specificity for different image positions. We adjusted for time of day and weekday and included the individual variation between the radiologists as random effects. Time spent reading was included in an additional model to explore a possible mediation effect.

Result
True and false positives were negatively associated with image position within the batch, while the rates of true and false negatives were positively associated. In the adjusted analyses, the rate of true positives was 4.0 per 1000 (95% CI: 3.8–4.2) readings for image position 10 and 3.9 (95% CI: 3.7–4.1) for image position 60. The rate of true negatives was 94.4% (95% CI: 94.0–94.8) for image position 10 and 94.8% (95% CI: 94.4–95.2) for image position 60. Per 1000 readings, the rate of false negative was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.53–0.67) for image position 10 and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.55–0.69) for image position 60.

Conclusion
There was a decrease in the radiologists’ sensitivity throughout the batch, and although this effect was small, our results may be clinically relevant at a population level or when multiplying the differences with the number of screen readings for the individual radiologists.

Key Points
• True and false positive reading scores were negatively associated with image position within a batch.
• A decreasing trend of positive scores indicated a beneficial effect of a certain number of screen readings within a batch.
• False negative scores increased throughout the batch but the association was not statistically significant.
A new renaissance for creativity in technology and the arts in the context of virtual worlds
Authors: Earnshaw R. A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhere do new ideas come from and how are they generated? Which of these ideas will be potentially useful immediately, and which will be more ‘blue sky’? For the latter, their significance may not be known for a number of years, perhaps even generations. The progress of computing and digital media is a relevant and useful case study in this respect. Which visions of the future in the early days of computing have stood the test of time, and which have vanished without trace? Can this be used as guide for current and future areas of research and development? If one Internet year is equivalent to seven calendar years, are virtual worlds being utilized as an effective accelerator for these new ideas and their implementation and evaluation? The nature of digital media and its constituent parts such as electronic devices, sensors, images, audio, games, web pages, social media, e-books, and Internet of Things, provides a diverse environment which can be viewed as a testbed for current and future ideas. Individual disciplines utilise virtual worlds in different ways. As collaboration is often involved in such research environments, does the technology make these collaborations effective? Have the limits of disciplinary approaches been reached? The importance of interdisciplinary collaborations for the future is proposed and evaluated. The current enablers for progressing interdisciplinary collaborations are presented. The possibility for a new Renaissance between technology and the arts is discussed.
A conservative treatment for chronic obstructive sialoadenitis by intraductal instillation of mucolytic, steroids and antibiotic solution
Authors: Lorusso Francesco , Immordino Angelo , Dispenza Francesco , Sireci Federico , Gallina Salvatore 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purposes
Reporting our experience in treating chronic obstructive sialadenitis with a protocol consisting of sialoendoscopy and intraductal instillation of antibiotics, steroids and n-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) solution.

Methods
Prospective study of patients with chronic obstructive sialadenitis with no apparent lithiasic obstructions, with recurrent non-lithiasic sialoadenitis and patients with lithiasic sialoadenitis not solved with sialoendoscopy. In all cases, a sialoendoscopy was performed. All the patients affected by lithiasic sialoadenitis where the chronic inflammation was resolved with sialoendoscopy were excluded from the study. The mid-term follow-up was performed at 12 months via phone interview, to understand whether patients had developed any further symptoms after the treatment.

Results
This study included 26 patients. All the patient without sialolithiasis have not reported any symptoms during the follow-up period. Two of those with sialolithiasis have not shown any signs of recurrence. The remaining three patients with non-resolved sialolithiasis had a recurrence of symptoms which were treated again with 1 intraductal administration of betamethasone, gentamicine and NAC, showing immediately a regression of the symptoms.

Conclusions
Intraductal administration of gentamicin + NAC + betamethasone seemed effective for the therapy of chronic obstructive sialoadenitis. Our protocol seemed effective also in that cases where it was not possible to remove or detect endoscopically an obstruction. In all these cases we have noticed an increase in the symptom-free time even in cases where it was not possible to remove the stones.