bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health and wellbeing of parents with young children: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Dawes Jo , May Tom , McKinlay Alison , Fancourt Daisy , Burton Alexandra 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundParents have faced unique challenges during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including mobility constraints, isolation measures, working from home, and the closure of schools and childcare facilities. There is presently a lack of in-depth qualitative research exploring how these changes have affected parents’ mental health and wellbeing.MethodsSemi-structured qualitative interviews with 29 parents of young children. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsWe identified five superordinate themes affecting participant mental health and wellbeing: (1) navigation of multiple responsibilities and change inside the home; (2) disruption to home life; (3) changes to usual support networks; (4) changes in personal relationships; and (5) use of coping strategies. Participants described stress and exhaustion from navigating multiple pressures and conflicting responsibilities with home, schooling, and work, without their usual support networks and in the context of disrupted routines. Family roles and relationships were sometimes tested, however, many parents identified coping strategies that protected their wellbeing including access to outdoor space, spending time away from family, and avoiding conflict and pandemic-related media coverage.ConclusionsEmployers must be cognisant of the challenges that the pandemic has placed on parents, particularly women and lone parents. Flexible working arrangements and support might therefore relieve stress and increase productivity. Coping strategies identified by parents in this study could be harnessed and encouraged by employers and policymakers to promote positive wellbeing during times of stress throughout the pandemic and beyond.
A graphical method of cumulative differences between two subpopulations
Authors: Tygert Mark 
Published: December 2021

AbstractComparing the differences in outcomes (that is, in “dependent variables”) between two subpopulations is often most informative when comparing outcomes only for individuals from the subpopulations who are similar according to “independent variables.” The independent variables are generally known as “scores,” as in propensity scores for matching or as in the probabilities predicted by statistical or machine-learned models, for example. If the outcomes are discrete, then some averaging is necessary to reduce the noise arising from the outcomes varying randomly over those discrete values in the observed data. The traditional method of averaging is to bin the data according to the scores and plot the average outcome in each bin against the average score in the bin. However, such binning can be rather arbitrary and yet greatly impacts the interpretation of displayed deviation between the subpopulations and assessment of its statistical significance. Fortunately, such binning is entirely unnecessary in plots of cumulative differences and in the associated scalar summary metrics that are analogous to the workhorse statistics of comparing probability distributions—those due to Kolmogorov and Smirnov and their refinements due to Kuiper. The present paper develops such cumulative methods for the common case in which no score of any member of the subpopulations being compared is exactly equal to the score of any other member of either subpopulation.
Dietary supplements consumption and its association with socioeconomic factors, obesity and main non-communicable chronic diseases in the north of Iran: the PERSIAN Guilan Cohort Study (PGCS)
Authors: Mahdavi-Roshan Marjan , Rezazadeh Arezoo , Joukar Farahnaz , Khorshidi Yasaman , Naghipour Mohammadreza , Mansour-Ghanaei Fariborz 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Dietary supplements (DSs) use have become a growing trend worldwide, and it may be affected by demographic and sociocultural factors. Some people use supplements with the thought that they can improve their health, reduce symptoms and prevent disease. The aim of the present study was to define the frequency of DS use and its association with socioeconomic factors among participants with selected main non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) (diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension (HTN), cancers, and obesity in the north of Iran.

Methods
This large cross-sectional study was conducted as a part of the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study. Supplement use during last year and its type, demographic factors, socioeconomic status, lifestyle habits were asked by face-to-face interview. The history of chronic disease was defined by a trained team. Data were analyzed using SPSS. The chance of supplement use according to demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle variables and history of chronic disease was analyzed by logistic regression.

Results
10,520 men and women aged 35–70 years in Some’e Sara County (including urban regions and 39 villages) were studied. About 25% of participants consumed DSs. The highest consumption of DS was calcium/vitamin D (11.1%), ferrous sulfate (8.8%), and vitamin D pearl or ampoule (7.7%). The highest percent of the history of chronic disease was central obesity (62.7%), HTN (43.2%), and general obesity (32.7), respectively. After adjustment for confounders, those with female gender, the highest age ranges (55–65 and > 65 years), high academic education, living in urban regions, and good economic status were more likely to be DSs consumers; however, married and smoker subjects were more likely to consume DS. Participants who had a history of diabetes, HTN, CVD, Obesity, and Central Obesity were more likely to intake DS in comparison with healthy subjects.

Conclusion
This study showed that a quarter of the participants were DS users. Female sex, older age groups, and higher educated participants, and among chronic disease, patients with HTN, CVD, and diabetes were more likely to be users of any DS.
A mobile cesarean birth center as a solution to improve access to surgical birth in rural Ethiopia: a mixed methods research protocol
Authors: Harrison Margo S. , Yarinbab Teklemariam , Dorsey-Holliman Brooke , Aarons Gregory A. , Betran Ana Pilar , Goldenberg Robert L. , Muldrow Margaret 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
As an evidence-based intervention to prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality, cesarean birth at rates of under 2%, which is the case in rural Southwest Ethiopia, is an unacceptable public health problem and represents an important disparity in the use of this life-saving treatment compared to more developed regions. The objective of this study is to explore an innovative clinical solution (a mobile cesarean birth center) to low cesarean birth rates resulting from the Three Delays to emergency obstetric care in isolated and underserved regions of Ethiopia, and the world.

Methods
We will use mixed but primarily qualitative methods to explore and prepare the mobile cesarean birth center for subsequent implementation in communities in Bench Sheko and West Omo Zones. This will involve interviews and focus groups with key stakeholders and retreat settings for user-centered design activities. We will present stakeholders with a prototype surgical truck that will help them conceive of the cesarean birth center concept and discuss implementation issues related to staffing, supplies, referral patterns, pre- and post-operative care, and relationship to locations for vaginal birth.

Discussion
Completion of our study aims will allow us to describe participants’ perceptions about barriers and facilitators to cesarean birth and their attitudes regarding the appropriateness, acceptability, and feasibility of a mobile cesarean birth center as a solution. It will also result in a specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely (SMART) implementation blueprint(s), with implementation strategies defined, as well as recruitment plans identified. This will include the development of a logic model and process map, a timeline for implementation with strategies selected that will guide implementation, and additional adaptation/adjustment of the mobile center to ensure fit for the communities of interest.

Trial registration
There is no healthcare intervention on human participants occurring as part of this research, so the study has not been registered.
Computational modeling of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kwon Oh-Seok , Hwang Inseok , Pak Hui-Nam 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWith the aging society, the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) continues to increase. Nevertheless, there are still limitations in antiarrhythmic drugs (AAD) or catheter interventions for AF. If it is possible to predict the outcome of AF management according to various AADs or ablation lesion sets through computational modeling, it will be of great clinical help. AF computational modeling has been utilized for in-silico arrhythmia research and enabled high-density entire chamber mapping, reproducible condition control, virtual intervention, not possible clinically or experimentally, in-depth mechanistic research. With the recent development of computer science and technology, more sophisticated and faster computational modeling has become available for clinical application. In particular, it can be applied to determine the extra-PV target of persistent AF catheter ablation or to select the AAD with the best effect. AF computational modeling combined with artificial intelligence is expected to contribute to precision medicine for more diverse uses in the future. Therefore, in this review, we will deal with the history, development, and various applications of computation modeling.
Experimental quantification of the evolution of the static mechanical properties of tight sedimentary rocks during increasing-amplitude load and unload cycling
Authors: Wang Yang , Zhao Luanxiao , Han De-Hua , Wei Qianqian , Zhang Yonghao , Yuan Hemin , Geng Jianhua 
Published: December 2021

Understanding the linearly and nonlinearly elastic behaviors of tight reservoir rocks is crucial for numerous geophysical and geomechanical applications in hydrocarbon exploration and production, geologic repositories for greenhouse gases, and geothermal energy exploitation. We have performed a suite of triaxial load and unload cycling tests with increasing stress amplitudes on three tight sedimentary rocks to explore the evolution of their static mechanical properties (Young’s modulus and Poisson’s ratio). We intend to depict the transition from linear to nonlinear elasticity by combining static measurements with dynamic measurements. The experimental results suggest that static mechanical properties increase upon load stress cycling, but they decrease upon unload stress cycling. Upon the increasing-amplitude unload cycling, static mechanical properties gradually decrease from values approaching dynamic properties to values closer to static properties upon load cycling. By quadratically fitting the static mechanical properties as functions of the strain amplitude in the process of unload cycling, we define a characteristic strain amplitude of approximately 5 × 10−5 to distinguish the linearly elasticity-dominated and nonlinearly elasticity-dominated behaviors for three tight rocks. Such transitional behavior in tight sedimentary rocks can be microscopically explained by the gradual activation of friction-controlled sliding from the beginning of the cyclic stress unload. These observations provide direct experimental evidence of the transition from linear to nonlinear elasticity for tight sedimentary rocks during the laboratory static measurements, which will facilitate understanding of the dynamic-static parameter correlation and the modeling of rock deformations in geoscience or geoengineering applications.
Early Outcomes of Elective Anterior Cervical Diskectomy and Fusion for Degenerative Spine Disease Correlate With the Specialty of the Surgeon Performing the Procedure
Authors: Alomari Safwan , Judy Brendan , Weingart Jon , Lo Sheng-Fu L. , Sciubba Daniel M. , Theodore Nicholas , Witham Timothy , Bydon Ali 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Comparative effectiveness research has a vital role in recent health reform and policies. Specialty training is one of these provider-side variables, and surgeons who were trained in different specialties may have different outcomes on performing the same procedure.

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the impact of spine surgeon specialty (neurosurgery vs orthopedic surgery) on early perioperative outcome measures of elective anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion (ACDF) for degenerative spine diseases.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective, 1:1 propensity score-matched cohort study. In total, 21 211 patients were reviewed from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Propensity score matching and subgroup analysis were performed.

RESULTS:
In both groups (single-level/multilevel ACDF), patients operated on by neurosurgeons had longer operation time (133 vs 104 min/164 vs 138 min), shorter total hospital stay (24 vs 41 h/25 vs 46 h), and lower rates of return to operating room (0.7% vs 2.1%/0.6% vs 2.4%), nonhome discharge (1.2% vs 4.6%/1.0% vs 4.9%), discharge after postoperative day 1 (6.7% vs 11.9%/10.1% vs 18.9%), perioperative blood transfusion (0.4% vs 2.1%/0.6% vs 3.1%), and sepsis (0.2% vs 0.7%/0.1% vs 0.7%; P < .05). In the single-level ACDF group, patients operated on by neurosurgeons had lower readmission (1.9% vs 4.1%) and unplanned intubation rates (0.1% vs 1.1%; P < .05). Other outcome measures and mortality rates were similar among the 2 cohorts in both groups.

CONCLUSION:
Our analysis found significant differences in early perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing ACDF by neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons. These differences might have significant clinical and cost implications for patients, physicians, program directors, payers, and health systems.
Application of Color Doppler Ultrasound to Identify and Repair Postoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak: A Technical Note
Authors: West James L. , Abode-Iyamah Kingsley , Chen Selby G. , Fox W. Christopher , Bydon Mohamad , Miller David A. , Clendenen Steven R. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Incidental durotomy is a known complication of spinal surgery. Persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak after unrecognized durotomy may lead to prolonged hospitalization and significant morbidity. If initial bed rest fails, the surgeon must choose between nontargeted methods such as oversewing the wound and lumbar drain placement or return to the operating room.

OBJECTIVE:
To report the novel use of color flow doppler (CFD) in conjunction with ultrasound (US) to localize the point of CSF leak, assist with aspiration of the pseudomeningocele, and direct the application of fibrin sealant or epidural blood patch.

METHODS:
This article includes a description of the technique as a technical note.

RESULTS:
A 72-year-old man underwent L2-5 laminectomies for spinal stenosis. During the index operation, a durotomy occurred and was repaired primarily. The patient subsequently developed leg weakness, back pain, and bulging of the incision. Using CFD, the site of durotomy was determined. Under direct visualization, 34 mL of CSF was aspirated from the pseudomeningocele and 20 mL of fibrin sealant was placed opposing the durotomy. At 2-month follow-up, CFD confirmed absent flow and MRI demonstrated pseudomeningocele resolution.

CONCLUSION:
This article represents the first report highlighting the utility of CFD US to guide epidural patch placement for postsurgical CSF leaks. CFD allows localization of the durotomy and direct application of blood or fibrin sealant, potentially increasing the success rate of epidural blood patch in postoperative patients. This approach is less invasive than revision surgery and does not require the prolonged hospitalization of lumbar drainage or other nontargeted interventions.
Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis Operative Technique and Intraoperative Anesthesia Management: Treatment From Both Sides of the Curtain
Authors: Chan Julie L. , Quintero-Consuegra Miguel D. , Babadjouni Robin M. , Chang Daniel , Barnard Zachary R. , Martin Neil A. , Ziv Keren , Van de Wiele Barbara M. , Gonzalez Nestor R. 
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND:
Encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS) is a form of indirect revascularization for cerebral arterial steno-occlusive disorders. EDAS has gained growing interest as a technique applicable to pediatric and adult populations for several types of ischemic cerebral steno-occlusive conditions.

OBJECTIVE:
To present a team-oriented, multidisciplinary update of the EDAS technique for application in challenging adult cases of cerebrovascular stenosis/occlusion, successfully implemented in more than 200 cases.

METHODS:
We describe and demonstrate step-by-step a multidisciplinary-modified EDAS technique, adapted to maintain uninterrupted intensive medical management of patients' stroke risk factors and anesthesia protocols to maintain strict hemodynamic control.

RESULTS:
A total of 216 EDAS surgeries were performed in 164 adult patients, including 65 surgeries for patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease and 151 operations in 99 patients with moyamoya disease. Five patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease had recurrent strokes (3%), and there was one perioperative death. The mean clinical follow-up was 32.9 mo with a standard deviation of 31.1. There was one deviation from the surgical protocol. There were deviations from the anesthesia protocol in 3 patients (0.01%), which were promptly corrected and did not have any clinical impact on the patients' condition.

CONCLUSION:
The EDAS protocol described here implements a team-oriented, multidisciplinary adaptation of the EDAS technique. This adaptation resides mainly in 3 points: (1) uninterrupted administration of intensive medical management, (2) strict hemodynamic control during anesthesia, and (3) meticulous standardized surgical technique.
Development of a MnOOH Mineral Electrocatalyst for Water Splitting by Controlling the Surface Defects of a Naturally Occurring Ore
Authors: Tsunekawa Shun , Sakai Arisu , Tamura Yoshiaki , Hatada Keisuke , Ina Toshiaki , Wang Ke-Hsuan , Kawai Takeshi , Yoshida Masaaki 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A MnOOH-based mineral electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction was developed using a natural ore that is typically insulating, simply by applying a ball milling treatment. This material catalytically decomposed water molecules to generate oxygen. Mn K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy analyses in the bulk and surface sensitive modes indicated that structural distortion at the surface provided the catalytically active sites. The formation of oxygen vacancies on natural ore surfaces is likely to be the key to developing efficient mineral electrocatalysts.
Case Report: Right paraduodenal hernia – a unique case of rare internal hernia presenting as acute small bowel obstruction
Authors: Joshi Brikha Raj , Gautam Swotantra , Yadav Saroj Adhikari , Gupta Rakesh Kumar 
Published: December 2021

Paraduodenal hernia, a rare internal hernia, is an uncommon cause of small bowel obstruction. We present a case report of a 45-year-old male presenting to the emergency department with complaints suggestive of small bowel obstruction. Abdominal plain X-ray was also suggestive of small bowel obstruction. Emergency laparotomy showed intraoperative findings of right sided paraduodenal hernia with dilated small bowel. Postoperative hospital stay was uneventful and the patient was doing well during 24 months of follow up with no active complaints. Paraduodenal hernia should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis of small bowel obstruction in patients who have repeated attacks and no prior history of abdominal surgery. Surgeons need to have an astute clinical acumen in diagnosing internal hernias to avoid repercussions and fatal events.
Consumo abusivo de álcool por mulheres rurais: o atendimento na Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Ebling Sandra Beatris Diniz , Silva Mara Regina Santos da , Farias Francisca Lucélia Ribeiro de 
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: analisar o atendimento a usuárias de álcool, em um serviço de Atenção Primária à Saúde, na percepção das mulheres rurais. Método: estudo qualitativo, descritivo, exploratório, cujos dados foram obtidos mediante entrevistas realizadas entre março e agosto de 2018, com 23 mulheres adultas em uso abusivo de álcool, moradoras em áreas rurais de um município da região Centro Ocidental do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise Temática, balizada pela teoria Bioecológica de Desenvolvimento Humano. Resultados: as abordagens em saúde estão majoritariamente centradas na medicalização e na clínica ginecológica, sem reconhecer o consumo abusivo de álcool como um problema que também acometem as mulheres. Conclusão: se faz necessário a reorientação do modelo de atenção à saúde no contexto do consumo de álcool entre mulheres rurais, por meio da restruturação de abordagens à saúde que priorizam a clínica ampliada.
Adaptação pós-operatória de pessoas com estomia com e sem complicação: estudo comparativo
Authors: Peixoto Hugo De Andrade , Silva Priscila Maria Sumas da , Souza Priscilla Alfradique de , Guimarães Nathalia De Paula Albuquerque , Pinto Ana Cristina Silva 
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: analisar as adaptações pós-operatórias de pessoas com estomias intestinais de eliminação com e sem complicação a partir da Escala de Adaptação a Ostomia de Eliminação. Método: estudo de abordagem quantitativa, prospectiva, com 56 pessoas com estomia em pós-operatório tardio. Utilizou-se questionário semiestruturado. Os dados foram analisados a partir de testes estatísticos não-paramétricos. Resultados: a maioria dos participantes possuía entre 54 e 69 anos (58,9%), ensino fundamental completo (41%), casados (53,6%), aposentados (66%) e colostomizados (71,4%). Do total, 48,2% apresentaram complicações relacionadas a estomia, como dermatites (19,6%). Na escala de adaptação, a média geral foi 144,7. As dimensões que apresentaram maior pontuação foram autocuidado (18,8) e autoconceito (42,5); e menor pontuação, interação sexual (15,1). O domínio suporte social/religioso mostrou-se significativamente diferente entre os grupos (p=0,031). Conclusão: Um quantitativo relevante da população possuía complicações e mostrou-se menos adaptado a estomia. Avaliação precoce pode ser uma estratégia para prevenção de complicações.