bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physics-inspired pseudo-transient method and its application in modelling focused fluid flow with geological complexity
Authors: Wang Lawrence Hongliang , Yarushina Viktoriya M , Alkhimenkov Yury , Podladchikov Yury 
Published: October 2021

SUMMARY
Two-phase flow equations that couple solid deformation and fluid migration have opened new research trends in geodynamic simulations and modelling of subsurface engineering. Physical non-linearity of fluid-rock systems and strong coupling between flow and deformation in such equations lead to interesting predictions such as spontaneous formation of focused fluid flow in ductile/plastic rocks. However, numerical implementation of two-phase flow equations and their application to realistic geological environments with complex geometries and multiple stratigraphic layers is challenging. This study documents an efficient pseudo-transient solver for two-phase flow equations and describes the numerical theory and physical rationale. We provide a simple explanation for all steps involved in the development of a pseudo-transient numerical scheme for various types of equations. Two different constitutive models are used in our formulations: a bilinear viscous model with decompaction weakening and a viscoplastic model that allows decompaction weakening at positive effective pressures. The resulting numerical models are used to study fluid leakage from high porosity reservoirs into less porous overlying rocks. The interplay between time-dependent rock deformation and the buoyancy of ascending fluids leads to the formation of localized channels. The role of material parameters, reservoir topology, geological heterogeneity and porosity is investigated. Our results show that material parameters control the propagation speed of channels while the geometry of the reservoir controls their locations. Geological layers present in the overburden do not stop the propagation of the localized channels but rather modify their width, permeability, and growth speed.
The B∞-Structure on the Derived Endomorphism Algebra of the Unit in a Monoidal Category
Authors: Lowen Wendy , Van den Bergh Michel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Consider a monoidal category that is at the same time abelian with enough projectives and such that projectives are flat on the right. We show that there is a $B_{\infty }$-algebra that is $A_{\infty }$-quasi-isomorphic to the derived endomorphism algebra of the tensor unit. This $B_{\infty }$-algebra is obtained as the co-Hochschild complex of a projective resolution of the tensor unit, endowed with a lifted $A_{\infty }$-coalgebra structure. We show that in the classical situation of the category of bimodules over an algebra, this newly defined $B_{\infty }$-algebra is isomorphic to the Hochschild complex of the algebra in the homotopy category of $B_{\infty }$-algebras.
Prevalence and patterns of HIV drug resistance in patients with suspected virological failure in North-Western Tanzania
Authors: Henerico Shimba , Mikasi Sello Given , Kalluvya Samuel Elias , Brauner Jan M. , Abdul Seif , Lyimo Eric , Desderius Bernard , Korn Klaus , van Zyl Gert , Jacobs Graeme Brendon , Preiser Wolfgang , Kasang Christa 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
More than 15 million people in sub-Saharan Africa receive ART. Treatment failure is common, but the role of HIV drug resistance in treatment failure is largely unknown because drug resistance testing is not routinely done. This study determined the prevalence and patterns of HIV drug resistance in patients with suspected virological failure.

Materials and methods
A single high viral load of &gt;1000 viral RNA copies/mL of plasma at any point during ART was considered as suspected virological failure. HIV-1 RNA was extracted from plasma samples of these patients using the QIAamp Viral RNA kit. The protease and part of the RT regions of the HIV pol gene were characterized.

Results
Viral load was determined in 317 patients; 64 (20.2%) had suspected virological failure. We successfully genotyped 56 samples; 48 (85.7%) had at least one major resistance-associated mutation (RAM). Common mutations in RT were M184V (75%), T215Y (41.1%), K103N (39.3%), M41L (32.1%), D67DN (30.3%), G190A (28.6%) and A98G (26.8%). No RAMs were detected in ART regimens based on a ritonavir-boosted PI.

Conclusions
The Tanzanian national guidelines define ‘virological failure’ as two consecutive viral load measurement results, at 3 month intervals, above the WHO threshold (1000 copies/mL). Here, we show that a single viral load above the WHO threshold is associated with high rates of RAMs. This suggests that a single high viral load measurement could be used to predict virological failure and avoid delays in switching patients from first-line to higher genetic barrier second-line regimens.
Flake density and starch retrogradation influence in situ ruminal degradability characteristics of steam-flaked corn and predicted starch digestibility and energetic efficiency
Authors: Trotta Ronald J , Kreikemeier Kelly K , Royle Randy F , Milton Todd , Harmon David L 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Five ruminally cannulated steers (body weight = 390 ± 7.86 kg) were used in two experiments to evaluate the effects of flake density and starch retrogradation on in situ ruminal degradation of steam-flaked corn. In experiment 1, sifted flakes with flake densities of 257, 296, 335, 373, and 412 g/L (enzymatic starch availabilities: 87%, 76%, 66%, 43%, and 49%, respectively) were evaluated in a randomized complete block design experiment. In experiment 2, the experimental design was a randomized complete block design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Three steam-flaked corn fractions corresponding to different particle sizes were used: flakes + fines (not sifted; &gt;4 and &lt;4 mm), sifted flakes (&gt;4 mm), and sifted fines (&lt;4 mm). Particle size fractions were stored for 3 d at either 23 °C or 55 °C (starch availabilities averaged across particle sizes: 53.3% and 25.5%, respectively) in heat-sealed foil bags. Samples were ruminally incubated for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, or 96 h. Degradation data were modeled to obtain the rate and extent of degradation and passage rate was set to 6% per hour. In experiment 1, the rate of degradation decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) and in situ ruminal dry matter (DM) degradability decreased linearly (P &lt; 0.01) from 78.9% to 57.3% as flake density increased from 257 to 412 g/L. In experiment 2, storage of steam-flaked corn samples at 55 °C for 3 d decreased (P &lt; 0.01) the rate of degradation by 37.6% across all particle sizes. Storing samples at 55 °C for 3 d decreased (P &lt; 0.01) in situ ruminal DM degradability of flakes + fines, sifted flakes, and sifted fines by 20.9%, 22.6%, and 14.7%, respectively. Using data from experiment 1 and 2, enzymatic starch availability of sifted flakes was positively correlated (R2 = 0.97; P &lt; 0.01) with in situ ruminal DM degradability. The results demonstrate that decreased starch availability resulting from either starch retrogradation or increased flake density is associated with decreased ruminal digestibility. Decreases in starch availability and in situ ruminal degradability may indicate that increasing flake density or starch retrogradation could potentially alter the site of digestion in cattle. Using prediction equations, decreases in ruminal starch digestibility of steam-flaked corn caused by increasing flake density or increasing starch retrogradation could increase energetic efficiency, depending on the rate of passage and if small intestinal starch digestibility is maintained.
Development of cisplatin resistance in breast cancer MCF7 cells by up-regulating aldo-keto reductase 1C3 expression, glutathione synthesis and proteasomal proteolysis
Authors: Kobayashi Mio , Yonezawa Ayano , Takasawa Hiroaki , Nagao Yukino , Iguchi Kazuhiro , Endo Satoshi , Ikari Akira , Matsunaga Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is widely prescribed for the treatment of various cancers including bladder cancers, whereas its clinical use for breast cancer chemotherapy is restricted owing to easy acquisition of the chemoresistance. Here, we established a highly CDDP-resistant variant of human breast cancer MCF7 cells and found that procuring the resistance aberrantly elevates the expression of aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1C3. Additionally, MCF7 cell sensitivity to CDDP was decreased and increased by overexpression and knockdown, respectively, of AKR1C3, clearly inferring that the enzyme plays a crucial role in acquiring the CDDP resistance. The CDDP-resistant cells suppressed the formation of cytotoxic reactive aldehydes by CDDP treatment, and the suppressive effects were almost completely abolished by pretreating with AKR1C3 inhibitor. The resistant cells also exhibited the elevated glutathione amount and 26S proteasomal proteolytic activities, and their CDDP sensitivity was significantly augmented by pretreatment with an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis or proteasomal proteolysis. Moreover, the combined treatment with inhibitors of AKR1C3, glutathione synthesis and/or proteasomal proteolysis potently overcame the CDDP resistance and docetaxel cross-resistance. Taken together, our results suggest that the combination of inhibitors of AKR1C3, glutathione synthesis and/or proteasomal proteolysis is effective as an adjuvant therapy to enhance CDDP sensitivity of breast cancer cells.
Is the Quality of Mobile Health Applications for Burns Being Adequately Assessed?
Authors: Patel Benjamin , Edwards Tomos , Schrire Timothy , Barnard Katie , Sen Sankhya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
High-quality mobile health applications (mHealth apps) have the potential to enhance the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of burns. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether the quality of mHealth apps for burns care is being adequately assessed. The secondary aim was to determine whether these apps meet regulatory standards in the United Kingdom. We searched AMED, BNI, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Emcare, Medline, and PsychInfo to identify studies assessing mHealth app quality for burns. The PRISMA reporting guideline was adhered to. Two independent reviewers screened abstracts to identify relevant studies. The quality of identified studies was assessed according to the framework proposed by Nouri et al, including design, information/content, usability, functionality, ethical issues, security/privacy, and user-perceived value. Of the 28 included studies, none assessed all seven domains of quality. Design was assessed in 4 of 28 studies; information/content in 26 of 28 studies; usability in 12 of 28 studies; functionality in 10 of 28 studies; ethical issues were never assessed in any studies; security/privacy was not assessed; subjective assessment was made in 9 of 28 studies. About 17 of 28 studies included apps that met the definition of “medical device” according to Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency guidance, yet only one app was appropriately certified with the UK Conformity Assessed mark. The quality of mHealth apps for burns is not being adequately assessed. The majority of apps should be considered medical devices according to UK standards, yet only one was appropriately certified. Regulatory bodies should support mHealth app developers, so as to improve quality control while simultaneously fostering innovation.
Evaluation of Voriconazole and Posaconazole Dosing in Patients With Thermal Burn Injuries
Authors: Musick Kaitlin L , Jones Savannah L , Norris Ashlyn M , Hochstetler Lauren J , Williams Felicia N , McKinzie Brian P 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Fungal infections are a recognized cause of increased morbidity and mortality in thermal burn patients. Adequate treatment regimens remain a challenge due to unpredictable pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic changes caused by a hypermetabolic state and individual patient factors. A retrospective evaluation of adult thermal burn patients from April 2014 to April 2020 was conducted to assess voriconazole and posaconazole antifungal dosing regimens. The primary outcome was the incidence of attaining a therapeutic steady-state trough level on the patient’s initial voriconazole or posaconazole regimen. Of the 33 patients analyzed, 26 (78.8%) patients achieved a therapeutic level during azole therapy. However, only 11 (33.3%) patients achieved a therapeutic level on their first azole regimen. The median time to therapeutic level was 8.0 + 21.8 days from the start of azole therapy. Optimal dosing strategies for azole therapy in patients with thermal burns remain undefined. Further assessment is needed to delineate patient-specific factors that can contribute to subtherapeutic azole levels in thermal burn patients and the overall clinical impact of population-specific dosing regimens.
Finite element compatible matrix interpolation for parametric model order reduction of electrothermal microgripper
Authors: Roy Ananya , Nabi M , Rahman Najmur 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Electrothermal microgrippers are nowadays commonly used as they are small in size, low cost, and easy to manufacture. The microgripper is modeled through partial differential equations, which are discretized by the finite element method (FEM), producing a large number of ordinary differential equations. This makes model order reduction (MOR) a fruitful proposition. Moreover, in design applications, the microgripper needs to be simulated repeatedly, with varying values of certain parameters. When these parameters are geometric in nature, matrix interpolation-based parametric model order reduction (pMOR) is the most suited method. However, in finite element applications, the sizes of the FE matrices change for varying geometrical parameters. The conventional matrix interpolation-based pMOR method becomes inapplicable for such cases, which remains a major drawback of this otherwise powerful algorithm. In this paper, this major hurdle is removed, and a new finite element compatible matrix interpolation (FEMI) for pMOR is proposed. A three-dimensional electrothermal microgripper is modeled parametrically using this proposed methodology. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown through simulation results.
Dietary niches of creodonts and carnivorans of the late Eocene Cypress Hills Formation
Authors: Christison Brigid E , Gaidies Fred , Pineda-Munoz Silvia , Evans Alistair R , Gilbert Marisa A , Fraser Danielle 
Published: October 2021

AbstractModern North American carnivorous mammal assemblages consist of species from a single clade: the Carnivora. Carnivorans once coexisted with members of other meat-eating clades, including the creodonts (Hyaenodontida and Oxyaenida). Creodonts, however, went extinct in North America during the late Eocene and early Oligocene, potentially due to niche overlap and resource competition with contemporary carnivorans. In this study, we employ a community ecology approach to understand whether the dietary niches of coexisting creodonts and carnivorans overlapped during the late Eocene (Chadronian North American Land Mammal Age), a time when creodonts were dwindling and carnivorans were diversifying. We quantify niche overlap based on inferences of diet from carnassial tooth shape estimated using Orientation Patch Count, Dirichlet’s Normal Surface Energy, and linear dental measurements as well as from body mass for all species in the Calf Creek Local Fauna of Cypress Hills, Saskatchewan (Treaty 4 land). Although creodonts and carnivorans shared characteristics of their carnassial tooth shape, suggesting similar chewing mechanics and feeding habits, we find that marked differences in body size likely facilitated niche partitioning, at least between the largest creodonts and carnivorans. Calculations of prey focus masses and prey mass spectra indicate that only the smallest creodont may have experienced significant competition for prey with the coeval carnivorans. We suggest that the ultimate extinction of creodonts from North America during the late Eocene and Oligocene was unlikely to have been driven by factors related to niche overlap with carnivorans.
Effect of native and non-native snake scents on foraging activity of native rodents in Florida
Authors: Beckmann Sean , Avila Paloma , Farrell Terence 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Rodents use direct and/or indirect cues of predators to assess predation risk. The responses to these cues are well studied with regard to mammalian predators, but less understood with regard to reptilian predators. These responses are of particular importance in tropical and subtropical regions where reptile diversity is high and the likelihood of establishment of invasive reptilian predators also is high. We hypothesized that rodents would respond to direct scent cues of snake predators and that rodents would show greater aversion to scents of native snake predators than non-native snake predators. To assess this, scents of three snake species, two native and one non-native, and a non-snake control odor were distributed in Sherman live traps using a randomized block design. A total of 69 rodents representing four species were captured. Responses varied by species reinforcing that some species utilize indirect cues to assess predation risk, whereas others use direct cues. Moreover, one species (Neotoma floridana) showed a preference for non-native Python scent, indicating a lack of the appropriate anti-predator behavior, suggesting that some native rodents are more at risk of attack from invasive snakes than other native rodents.
“There’s Nothing Wrong With You”: Pain-Related Stigma in Adolescents With Chronic Pain
Authors: Wakefield Emily O , Belamkar Vaishali , Litt Mark D , Puhl Rebecca M , Zempsky William T 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveAdolescents with chronic pain often experience symptom disbelief and social rejection by others secondary to “medically unexplained” symptoms. Although chronic pain is common in adolescents, limited research has conceptualized these social experiences as pain-related stigma in this population. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe pain-related stigma among adolescents with chronic pain and their parents using focus group methodology.MethodsFive adolescent focus groups (N = 18; Age M = 15.33 years, SD = 1.28) and three parent focus groups (N = 9) were conducted. Directed content analysis was used to analyze focus group transcripts. Stigma categories were developed a priori (Felt Stigma, Anticipated Stigma, Internalized Stigma, Concealment, and Controllability) and new categories emerged during analysis. Two coders reached 87.16% agreement for all groups (adolescent group: 90.34%; Parent group: 79.55%) and consensus was achieved for discordant codes.ResultsAdolescents and their parents endorsed pain-related stigma across all social domains. Analyses revealed four main categories for both groups (a) Felt Stigma (subcategories: pain dismissal, faking or exaggerating, and mental health stigma), (b) Anticipated Stigma and Concealment, (c) Internalized Stigma, and (d) Sources of Pain-Related Stigma (subcategories: pain invisibility, lack of chronic pain knowledge, lack of understanding, and controllability).ConclusionsAdolescents with chronic pain experience pain-related stigma from medical providers, school personnel, family members, and peers, which may have negative social and health implications. More research is needed to evaluate the link between pain-related stigma and health outcomes for adolescents with chronic pain. Clinical approaches targeting pain-related stigma are discussed.
Technical report and rare case description—patient-specific spacer made of bone cement for the revision of a PSI-TMJ fossa after screw fracture
Authors: Thiem Daniel G E , Al-Nawas Bilal , Kämmerer Peer W 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Total alloplastic temporomandibular joint replacement (TMJ-TJR) has once again become the focus of therapy for end-stage destroyed joints. Although material quality has increased significantly in terms of service life and wear, problems occur even with patient-specific (PSI) prostheses. Here, mainly the ramus components are affected and an occurrence of screw loosening or fractures in the area of the fossa of stock joints is rare and has not yet been described for patient-specific (PSI) components. Although very rare, such events pose a great challenge to both practitioners and affected patients, especially in the case of PSI components, not least due to the long time required for new fabrication. The case report shows a non-described screw fracture of a PSI-TMJ fossa and the first description of a temporary revision using a PSI-TMJ fossa made of bone cement.
Micropapillary bladder cancer: an added indication to prophylactic urethrectomy
Authors: Mehrnoush Vahid , Ismail Asmaa , Zakaria Ahmed , Elmansy Hazem , Shahrour Walid , Prowse Owen , Kotb Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
There is little research on the role of urethrectomy during cystectomy in patients with micropapillary bladder cancer (MPBC). We present two cases of MPBC cystectomy and suggest that urethrectomy be performed concurrently as a preventive measure. The first case involved a woman who had a mixed solid and papillary bladder tumour. An anterior pelvic exenteration was performed as well as a total urethrectomy. The T4a micropapillary variant tumour was confirmed by pathology. The second case involved a man with T1 MPBC who was treated with a BCG induction course. A recurrent muscle-invasive MPBC was discovered during follow-up. During the radical cystoprostatectomy, the urethra was spared. T2 MPBC was discovered through pathology. He had a urethrectomy 6 months later due to urethral bleeding, and the pathology revealed micropapillary cancer of the urethra.
Restricting emigration for their protection? Exit controls and the protection of (women) migrant workers
Authors: Lenard Patti Tamara 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Abuse and exploitation of migrant workers in Gulf States is common and well-documented, and women domestic workers are at special risk. Sending states—often relatively poorer South Asian states—are limited in the ways that they can protect the rights of their citizens when they are labouring abroad. One strategy that sending states have deployed is the adoption of ‘emigration bans’ or ‘emigration conditions’. Emigration bans restrict citizens from taking up temporary labour market contracts, usually in specific states, but sometimes in general. ‘Emigration conditions’ require would-be migrants to meet specific requirements in order to be permitted, by the sending state, to take up a labour market contract abroad. In this article, I examine whether it is morally permissible for source countries to prohibit migration to countries where they risk being exploited or abused. I examine the reasons states give to justify emigration bans and conditions: the ‘structured vulnerability’ reason; the ‘gendered structured vulnerability’ reason; and the ‘gendered paternalism’ reason. Overall, I agree that the reasons motivating the bans and conditions are good ones—though I offer some criticism of the reasons I describe as ‘gendered paternalism’. But, since there is only limited evidence of the effectiveness of bans and conditions in achieving substantive benefit for labour migrants, and on the contrary evidence of the real harm they can sometimes generate, I argue that, absent positive evidence of success in achieving their objectives, they ought to be rejected in practice even if they are permissible in principle.