bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENPP1 is correlated with insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders in the rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Xia Jing , Yang Yiqing , Yang Zhe , Wu Gengxiang , Yang Jing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Previous studies have shown that ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) may be an inhibitor of the insulin signalling pathway, and insulin resistance (IR) is believed to be the core mechanism in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study was aimed to investigate the expression of ENPP1 in different tissues of PCOS rats and to analyse its potential role in the pathophysiology of PCOS.
Methods

Eighteen 23-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into PCOS and control groups (n= 9/group). Samples were collected after 20 days. Pathological examination and immunofluorescence were performed. Western blotting results of ENPP1 in the ovaries were analysed. Serum levels of ENPP1, hormones, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipids were measured.
Results

Levels of ENPP1, testosterone (T), FBG, fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), free fatty acids (FFAs), leptin, cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were significantly higher in PCOS group, while adiponectin (ADP) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were significantly lower. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed that ENPP1 was correlated with T, HOMA-IR, FFAs, leptin, serum lipids and ADP. MRNA levels of ENPP1, BAX, and IRS1 were higher in the ovaries, skeletal muscle, subcutaneous fat, and visceral fat of PCOS rats, and the protein expression of ENPP1 was significantly higher in the ovaries.
Conclusions

Our results revealed that ENPP1 is highly associated with IR and lipid metabolism-related molecules, which may have play important roles in PCOS pathophysiological changes.
Indoor PM2.5 Mortality in China when Outdoor Air Meets 2021 WHO AQG
Authors: Hu Ying , Ji John , Zhao Bin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) Air Quality Guidelines (AQG) 2021 for PM2.5 is tightened to be 5 μg/m3. We firstly estimated deaths attributable to human exposure to PM2.5 (DAHP) to be 455 thousand (372-527) in urban China in 2019, of which indoor sources contributed 253 thousand (207-294) deaths. The economic losses related to PM2.5 from indoor sources were 0.98 trillion (0.80-1.14) RMB, accounting for 56% of the total economic losses. We then further projected the DAHP at 328 thousand (260-392) when the outdoor PM2.5 concentration is 5 μg/m3, while PM2.5 from indoor sources still causes 297 thousand (235-355) deaths and 1.27 trillion (1.00, 1.51) in economic losses each year. There are significant health hazards and economic losses caused by indoor PM2.5, even the outdoor air is clean enough. The formulation and implementation of more air pollution policies are therefore in urgent need to control indoor sources of PM2.5.
Speed Management Across Road Environments of Varying Complexities and Self-Regulation Behaviors in Drivers with Cataract
Authors: Ortiz-Peregrina Sonia , Ortiz Carolina , Martino Francesco , Casares-López Miriam , Castro-Torres José J , Anera Rosario G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Evidence suggests that drivers with cataract self-regulate their driving, but there is a lack of objective information. This study compared speed behavior in older drivers with and without cataract and how the parameter is influenced by road traffic complexity and driver characteristics. The study included 15 drivers with cataract and a control group of 20 drivers. Visual status was assessed using visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and intraocular straylight. Speed management was studied using a driving simulator. Driving difficulty and self-regulation patterns were evaluated by means of the Driver Habits Questionnaire (DHQ). The cataract group showed a significant decrease in visual function in all the parameters evaluated (p<0.05). These drivers tended to drive at lower speeds than the control group. Road characteristics, gender, and intraocular straylight in the better eye were identified as significant predictors of speed management. Drivers with cataract experience greater driving difficulty, particularly when driving at night (p<0.05). Drivers with cataract reduce their driving speed more than older drivers without visual impairment. The straylight parameter may be a good indicator of each driver’s subjective perception of their own visual ability to drive. This work helps shed light on the mechanisms through which age-related visual impairment influences driving behavior.
A Combinatorial Optimization Model for Emergency Resource Allocation after Disasters
Authors: Jain Sehej , Bharti Kusum Kumari 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Disasters occur over a short or long period of time and cause large-scale harm to humans, infrastructure, as well as the ecosystem every year. Immediate response after a disaster helps minimize its impact on life and property. Therefore, it is crucial to have an emergency response system ready to handle any emergency that may come up after a disaster. In this paper, a model is proposed to optimize the distribution of emergency services at disaster-struck points. Due to the NP-hardness of the problem, two metaheuristic algorithms, Particle Swarm Optimization and Cuckoo Search Optimization have been used to dynamically allocate the available resources based on the given situation. The proposed model uses the distance between the emergency location and the emergency service provider, and the severity of the emergency as the main metrics for scoring any considered solution. The conducted experiments demonstrate that the model provides effective, efficient, and dynamic allocation service at emergency locations in simulated disaster situations.
Effects of Apolipoprotein E Gene and Sex On Serum Lipid Profiles in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Fu Jiajia , Huang Yan , Bao Ting , Ou Ruwei , Wei Qianqian , Chen Yongping , Yang Jing , Chen Xueping , Shang Huifang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: The ε2, ε3 and ε4 alleles of apolipoprotein (APO) E gene constitute a common polymorphism in most populations, among which the APOEε4 allele is known to increase both the susceptibility and severity of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), and it is also associated with lipid profiles. High serum total cholesterol (TC) level in middle age has been proven to be a risk factor for AD and its related pathology. In addition, sex may alter the risk associated with the APOEε4 allele, and gender-specific APOE gene interactions can alter the response to anticholinesterase therapy. Therefore, sex is an important factor in studying the relationship between the APOE gene, lipid profiles and AD, and the underlying mechanism. However, there are few studies on whether there are differences in the effects of APOEε2 and APOEε4 on AD patients and healthy people of different genders, respectively.Material and methods: A total of 549 participants, including 298 AD patients and 251 body mass index (BMI)-matched health controls (HCs), were enrolled. Lipid profiles and APOE genes in both AD patients and matched controls were determined. The cognitive functions of the AD patients were evaluated using the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).Results: (1) The levels of TC and LDL in the AD group were higher than those in HCs. Subgroup analysis found that the AD patients with the APOEε4 allele had higher levels of TC and LDL than HCs carrying the APOEε4 allele, while in individuals without the APOEε4 allele. There was no significant difference in TG and HDL levels between the AD group and HCs. (2) The levels of TC and LDL in the APOEε4 carriers were higher than those in non-APOEε4 carriers. Subgroup analysis found that the increase of TC and LDL in the APOEε4 carriers was found in the AD and female populations, but not in HCs and male populations. (3) The levels of TC and LDL in the APOEε2 carriers were lower than those in non-APOEε2 carriers. Subgroup analysis found that the TC of APOEε2 carriers was lower than that of non-carriers in the male AD population, but not in the female AD population, female HCs, and male HCs. (4) The levels of TC, HDL and LDL in the female population were higher than the male population. (5) The increased LDL level may increase the risk of AD in female people carrying APOEε4.Conclusion: AD patients had higher TC and LDL levels than HCs, especially in the population with the APOEε4 allele. The levels of TC and LDL in the APOEε4 carriers were higher than those in non-APOEε4 carriers, especially in the female AD populations. The TC of APOEε2 carriers was lower than that of non-carriers, especially in male AD populations.
Epidemiological Features of Neonates With COVID-19 Infection in Iran
Authors: Mohagheghi Parisa , Moshfegh Fereshteh , Zafaranloo Nazanin , Khalili Narjes , Heidarzadeh Mohammad , Habibelahi Abbas , Ghafoury Roya , Afrashteh Fatemeh 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objective: Although, the COVID-19 Pandemic has drawn the attention of physicians and researchers from all corners of the globe since it has been out broken in different countries, we have also started to invest more about the epidemiological features of neonates that had been affected by COVID-19 in Iran till now.Method: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study including all neonates from a National Registry supported by Iranian Maternal and Neonatal Network (IMaN). Since February 2020 till February 2021, data of neonates under 28 days who were diagnosed with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 has been registered in this network were collected. General data including epidemiological, clinical outcomes and infection-related information were collected. Results: In our retrospective study, data of 4015 neonates admitted to hospital all over the country and reported in IMAN is included. Totally 3725 PCR tests were performed (92.8% of admitted neonates) and from these neonates 825 (20.5%) showed positive PCR test. There were no differences between gender, weight and gestational age in neonates with positive and negative PCR test. Neonatal clinical findings were dependent to the type of admission. Respiratory distress was the most common sign in neonates, who were admitted immediately after birth (63.9%), and who were transferred from another hospital (17%); however in those who were admitted after one to several days after discharge (19.1%), the most common sign were sepsis like syndrome (31.8%) and fever (27.4%). Almost 50% of admitted neonate`s mothers had positive PCR test (25% during pregnancy and 24.3% after delivery). The most important factor of neonatal death was need for respiratory support (aOR=18.17, 95% CI; 9.24– 35.69). Gestational age of <32 weeks (aOR=2.35, 95% CI; 1.35-4.10) and birth weight of <1500 grams (aOR= 3.47, 95% CI; 1.96-6.17) were the other two factors that correlated to death. Conclusion: This is the largest study of neonatal COVID-19 diseases in Iran published to date. The most common signs of COVID-19 diseases found in neonates are respiratory distress and sepsis-like syndrome.
High latitude vegetation changes will determine future plant volatile impacts on atmospheric organic aerosols
Authors: Tang Jing , Zhou Putian , Miller Paul , Schurgers Guy , Gustafson Adrian , Makkonen Risto , Fu Yongshuo , Rinnan Riikka 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Strong, ongoing high latitude-warming is causing changes to vegetation composition and plant productivity, modifying plant emissions of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs). In the sparsely populated high latitudes, climatic feedbacks resulting from BVOCs as precursors of atmospheric aerosols could be more important than elsewhere on the globe. Here, we quantitatively assess the linkages between vegetation changes, BVOC emissions and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) under different climate scenarios and show that warming-induced vegetation changes determine the spatial patterns of BVOC impacts on SOA. The northward advances of boreal needle-leaved trees and shrubs result in an increase of up to 45% in regional SOA optical depth, causing a cooling feedback. In contrast, areas dominated by temperate broad-leaved trees show a large decline in monoterpene emissions and SOA formation, causing a warming feedback. We highlight the necessity of considering vegetation shifts when assessing radiative feedbacks on climate following the BVOC-SOA pathway.
Beclometasone but not fluticasone modulates PDGFD expression in the H295R adrenal cell line.
Authors: Parry Christopher M , Chan Li F , Carr Daniel F , Hawcutt Daniel B 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAdrenal suppression is a clinically concerning side effect of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment in patients with asthma. Increased susceptibility to ICS-induced adrenal suppression has previously been identified in those with the rs591118 polymorphism in Platelet Derived Growth Factor D (PDGFD). The mechanism underpinning this relationship is not known.MethodsH295R cells were genotyped for rs591118 using a validated Taqman PCR allelic discrimination assay. H295R cell viability was determined after treatment with beclometasone and fluticasone (range 0-330 μM). Cortisol was measured in cell culture medium using competitive enzyme immunoassay.ResultsPDGFD protein expression in H295R cells was confirmed using Western blotting. When ACTH and forskolin were added to H295R cells, a reduction in PDGFD expression was seen which was then restored by incubation with prochloraz, a known inhibitor of steroidogenesis.A dose-dependent, decrease in PDGFD expression was observed with beclometasone (over a 24 h incubation period) but not with beclometasone incubations beyond 24 hour nor with fluticasone (at 24 or 48 hours).ConclusionsH295R cells express PDGFD protein which can be modulated by incubation with steroidogenesis agonists and antagonists and additionally with exogenous beclometasone.
Origin of Probability in Quantum Mechanics and the Physical Interpretation of the Wave Function
Authors: Wen Shuming 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The theoretical results of quantum mechanics (QM) have been verified by experiments, but the probabilistic Copenhagen interpretation is still controversial, and many counterintuitive phenomena are still difficult to understand. To trace the origin of probability in QM, we construct the state function of a multiparticle quantum objective system and find that the probability in QM originates from the particle number distribution rate in a unit volume near position r at time t in the multiparticle quantum objective system. Based on the origin of probability, We find that the state function of the particle has precise physical meaning; that is, the particle periodically and alternately exhibits the particle state and wave state in time and space, obtain the localized and nonlocalized spatiotemporal range of the particle, the apparent trajectory of the particle motion. Based on this, through rigorous mathematical derivation and analysis, we propose new physical interpretations of the quantum superposition state, wave-particle duality, the double-slit experiment, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, and the quantum tunnelling effect, and these interpretations are physically logical and not counterintuitive.
Long-term follow-up of a patient with syndromic diarrhea (tricho-hepato-enteral syndrome) with Crohn's-like syndrome
Authors: Kurmaeva E. A. , Volgina S. Ya. , Solovyeva N. A. , Kulakova G. A. , Bogolyubova V. V. , Irgeshova H. Zh. 
Published: December 2021

Objective. To describe a long-term follow-up of a patient with a rare genetic disease – syndromic diarrhea, or trichohepatoenteric syndrome.Results. From the first months of life, the child was diagnosed with incurable diarrhea syndrome, which led to the development of malabsorption syndrome, retardation of physical and psychomotor development. Long-term follow-up revealed the progression of malabsorption syndrome, metabolic and endocrine disorders against the background of increasing morphological changes in the intestine. Only a genetic study of the patient and his parents made it possible to formulate the final diagnosis: «Syndromic diarrhea (trichohepatoenteric syndrome, nucleotide variant g.31929071C> T homozygous in the SKIV2L gene) with crown-like syndrome».Conclusion. The combination of incurable chronic diarrhea syndrome with facial dysmorphism, skin and hair abnormalities is important for this diagnosis.
Postural tremor in children with motor development disorders in their first twelve months of life
Authors: Samsonova T. V. , Nazarov S. B. , Chistyakova A. A. , Ryl'skaya Yu. A. 
Published: December 2021

At the first year of a child’s life begins a gradual transition to verticalization through the sequential development of anti-gravity postures. During the maintain of these poses occurs the active muscle contraction and appears a postural tremor.Purpose: To identify the features of postural tremor while holding the first antigravity postures in children with motor development disorders and to develop a new method for its diagnosing in children in the first six months of life. During the first year of life, the child gradually moves to verticalization through the sequential development of anti-gravity postures. To maintain these postures, the child actively contracts muscles, causing postural tremor.Objective. To reveal the features of postural tremor while holding the first antigravity postures in children with motor development disorders and to develop a new diagnostic method in the first six months of life. Children characteristics and research methods. The authors examined 33 children with impaired motor development and 10 children without neurological pathology at the age of 3–5 months. All children underwent neurological examination and study of postural tremor according to our method.Results. The authors established the features of postural tremor in children with impaired motor development at the age of 3-5 months compared with healthy children, manifested in amplitude increase. The authors presented their own for recording postural tremor in children of the first six months of life at the stage of mastering the first antigravity postures. There are presented the results of the analysis postural tremor in children of 3-5 months with impaired motor development in comparison with healthy children. The article presents a new method for diagnosing impaired motor development in children of the first six months of life using the results of postural tremor research. The high diagnostic value of the developed method is shown
Clinical and immunological features of the combined course of pertussis and rhinovirus infection in children
Authors: Popova O. P. , Blyakher M. S. , Fedorova I. M. , Koteleva S. I. , Kapustin I. V. , Dracheva N. A. , Vartanyan R. V. , Bunin S. V. 
Published: December 2021

The association of pertussis with various respiratory infections in children is the leading factor determining the complicated course and unfavorable outcome of the disease.Objective. To analyze clinical and immunological features of the combined course of pertussis and rhinovirus infection.Children characteristics and research methods. The authors observed 20 patients: 10 (50%) children were under the age of 1 year, 5 (25%) children of 1–3 years old, 3 (15%) children of 4–6 years, 2 (10%) children of 7 -14 years old.Results. The rhinovirus infection developed mainly at 1-2 weeks of illness in 18 (90%) children. Bronchitis developed in 11 (55%) children, pneumonia – in 4 (20%). Special attention was drawn to the low content of NK cells in 82.4% of patients when assessing the subpopulation composition of lymphocytes. The cytokine profile was characterized by a low level of interferon-gamma and interferon-alpha production – in 94.4 and 61.1% of patients, respectively.Conclusion. The combination of pertussis and rhinovirus infection in children contributes to the uneven course of the disease, the frequent development of bronchopulmonary complications.
Modeling the quality of sewage during the leaking of stormwater surface runoff to the sanitary sewer system using SWMM: a case study
Authors: Mohammed Maryam Hassan , Zwain Haider M. , Hassan Waqed Hammed 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the application of the storm water management model (SWMM) for predicting the sewage quality in the sanitary sewer system of the study area resulting from the leaking of stormwater surface runoff to the system during rainfall events at different return periods. The concentrations of major pollutants were assessed in the sanitary sewer system at different rainfall intensities. Then, a solution to mitigate the problem was proposed using low impact development (LID) technology. The results of sensitivity analysis indicated that maximum build-up possible was the most sensitive parameter for model calibration. The model was calibrated using actual rainfall events, and statistical validation coefficients of R (0.81–0.82) and NMSE (0.0173–0.022) proved that the model is valid. The sewage quality assessment results showed that pollutants concentration increased to its maximum level at 20 min and gradually decreased to a slightly constant minimum value after 2 h. The proposed solution of LID reduced the pollutants concentrations by 82–88, 75–77, 52–55, and 7–10% for all pollutants at return periods of 2, 5, 10, and 25 years, respectively. To conclude, SWMM simulation successfully predicted the concentration of the pollutants, and leaking of stormwater surface runoff has changed the sewage quality.
Controlled drainage under two climate change scenarios in a flat high-latitude field
Authors: Salla Aleksi , Salo Heidi , Koivusalo Harri 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This simulation study focused on the hydrological effects of climate change and controlled drainage operated with subsurface drains and an open collector ditch in an agricultural field. The objective was to understand the potential of controlled drainage and open ditch schemes for managing groundwater levels and field water balance in climate conditions projected to take place in Finland during the 21st century with representative concentration pathways 8.5 and 2.6. A methodological aim was to find ways to condense hourly hydrological results to understand future changes in field hydrology. During the historical reference interval (1970–2005), controlled drainage caused 17–36 cm higher mean groundwater levels and decreased the mean annual drain discharge by 11–23% compared to conventional subsurface drainage. Controlled drainage was projected to increase groundwater levels by additional 1–4 cm in the future compared to its effect on drainage during the reference interval. The effect on annual drain discharge did not change significantly. The open collector ditch lowered groundwater tables and diminished the effect of controlled drainage on groundwater levels in the vicinity of the ditch. Controlled drainage was shown to remain an effective method for countering early summer drought and reducing drain discharge.