bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Levels of physical activity in children and adolescents with asthma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Vasconcello‐Castillo Luis , Torres‐Castro Rodrigo , Sepúlveda‐Cáceres Nicolás , Acosta‐Dighero Roberto , Miranda‐Aguilera Sebastián , Puppo Homero , Rodríguez‐Borges Jorge , Vilaró Jordi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn children and adolescents with asthma, the disease may reduce the perceived capability to participate in physical activity (PA) contributing to an increase in the sedentary lifestyle. The literature is unclear as to whether children and adolescents with asthma differ their PA levels from their healthy peers.ObjectiveOur objective was to describe the different methods and instruments used to measure PA and to compare the PA levels of children and adolescents with asthma with those of their healthy peers.Study DesignWe conducted a systematic review of five databases. We included studies that compared the PA measured by objective and subjective instruments in children and adolescents with asthma versus controls. Two independent reviewers analyzed the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of evidence.ResultsOf the 5966 reports returned by the initial search, 28 articles reporting on 3184 patients were included in the data synthesis. A forest plot showed that both groups had similar values of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA; mean difference, −0.05 h/day; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.11–0.01; p = .13), sedentary time (mean difference 0.00 h/day; 95% CI, −0.22–0.23 h/day; p = .99) and steps/day (mean difference 354 steps/day; 95% CI, −563–1270 steps/day; p = .45).ConclusionChildren and adolescents with asthma have similar MVPA, steps/day, and sedentary time compared to the controls. The main instruments used were questionnaires and accelerometers.
Bench‐to‐bedside translation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells using a multiscale systems pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic model: A case study with anti‐BCMA CAR‐T
Authors: Singh Aman P. , Chen Wenbo , Zheng Xirong , Mody Hardik , Carpenter Thomas J. , Zong Alice , Heald Donald L. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDespite tremendous success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in clinical oncology, the dose‐exposure‐response relationship of CAR‐T cells in patients is poorly understood. Moreover, the key drug‐specific and system‐specific determinants leading to favorable clinical outcomes are also unknown. Here we have developed a multiscale mechanistic pharmacokinetic (PK)‐pharmacodynamic (PD) model for anti‐B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CAR‐T cell therapy (bb2121) to characterize (i) in vitro target cell killing in multiple BCMA expressing tumor cell lines at varying effector to target cell ratios, (ii) preclinical in vivo tumor growth inhibition and blood CAR‐T cell expansion in xenograft mice, and (iii) clinical PK and PD biomarkers in patients with multiple myeloma. Our translational PK‐PD relationship was able to effectively describe the commonly observed multiphasic CAR‐T cell PK profile in the clinic, consisting of the rapid distribution, expansion, contraction, and persistent phases, and accounted for the categorical individual responses in multiple myeloma to effectively calculate progression‐free survival rates. Preclinical and clinical data analysis revealed comparable parameter estimates pertaining to CAR‐T cell functionality and suggested that patient baseline tumor burden could be more sensitive than dose levels toward overall extent of exposure after CAR‐T cell infusion. Virtual patient simulations also suggested a very steep dose‐exposure‐response relationship with CAR‐T cell therapy and indicated the presence of a “threshold” dose, beyond which a flat dose‐response curve could be observed. Our simulations were concordant with multiple clinical observations discussed in this article. Moving forward, this framework could be leveraged a priori to explore multiple infusions and support the preclinical/clinical development of future CAR‐T cell therapies.
3D reconstruction and histopathological analyses on murine corporal body
Authors: Hashimoto Daiki , Kajimoto Mizuki , Ueda Yuko , Hyuga Taiju , Fujimoto Kota , Inoue Saaya , Suzuki Kentaro , Kataoka Tomoya , Kimura Kazunori , Yamada Gen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPurposeErectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the increasing diseases with aging society. The basis of ED derived from local penile abnormality is poorly understood because of the complex three‐dimensional (3D) distribution of sinusoids in corpus cavernosum (CC). Understanding the 3D histological structure of penis is thus necessary. Analyses on the status of regulatory signals for such abnormality are also performed.MethodsTo analyze the 3D structure of sinusoid, 3D reconstruction from serial sections of murine CC were performed. Histological analyses between young (2 months old) and aged (14 months old) CC were performed. As for chondrogenic signaling status of aged CC, SOX9 and RBPJK staining was examined.ResultsSinusoids prominently developed in the outer regions of CC adjacent to tunica albuginea. Aged CC samples contained ectopic chondrocytes in such regions. Associating with the appearance of chondrocytes, the expression of SOX9, chondrogenic regulator, was upregulated. The expression of RBPJK, one of the Notch signal regulators, was downregulated in the aged CC.ConclusionsProminent sinusoids distribute in the outer region of CC which may possess important roles for erection. A possibility of ectopic chondrogenesis induced by alteration of SOX9/Notch signaling with aging is indicated.
Dehalogenation of Aryl Bromides by CuO/ZrO2 in The Presence of Alcohols as Hydrogen Donors
Authors: Jiang Jie , Du Liyong , Ding Yuqiang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe in‐situ formed metallic Cu particles on the ZrO2 surface were prepared and applied to catalyze dehalogenation of a series of aryl bromides to produce corresponding products in 1‐octanol with a yield of >99 %. The mechanistic investigation suggests that the Cu(0) nanoparticles served as hydrogen transfer active sites for degrading alcohols and adsorbing aryl bromides at the reaction system. The results showed that the catalyst was efficient with high reusability. The alcohol not only served as a reducing agent for CuO but also a safe green hydrogen donor. This methodology could be used as a powerful, low‐cost, and safe technology for reducing halogenated aromatics.
A Green and Efficient Protocol for the Synthesis of Phenylhydrazone Derivatives Catalyzed by Nanostructured Diphosphate Na2CaP2O7 and Screening of Their Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Achagar Redouane , Elmakssoudi Abdelhakim , Dakir Mohamed , Elamrani Abdelaziz , Zouheir Yassine , Zahouily Mohamed , Jamaleddine Jamal 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA new efficient strategy using diphosphate Na2CaP2O7 (DPH) for the synthesis of phenylhydrazone derivatives in solvent‐free media is described. The synthesis of eight variously substituted phenylhydrazone derivatives (3 a to 3 h) can be carried out with a small amount of the catalyst, which can be easily recovered and reused several times without significant loss in catalytic activity. This protocol developed in our study is considered simple, clean, and characterized by short reaction time and high conversion. The antibacterial activity was evaluated for the synthesized compounds against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative strains. A structure‐activity relationship (SAR) study and the connection between antibacterial activity of the compounds was discussed and showed that electron donating groups increase the antibacterial activity.
The Vibronic Absorption Spectrum and Electronic States of Nile Red in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kostjukova Lyudmila O. , Leontieva Svetlana V. , Kostjukov Viktor V. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe TD‐DFT was applied to calculate the vibronic absorption spectrum of Nile red (NR) in an aqueous solution. Various hybrid functionals have been used. The O3LYP/6‐31G(d,p) theory level gave an excellent agreement with the experimental absorption spectrum both in the position of the maximum and in the shape. Extended basis sets with diffuse functions and showed the worst results compared to the compact 6‐31G(d,p) basis. The dipole moments and atomic charges of the ground and excited states of the NR molecule have been calculated. According to our calculations, the dipole moment of a molecule increases upon photoexcitation, which is consistent with the positive solvatochromism of NR. An insignificant photoinduced electron transfer from the aminodiethyl group to the center of the chromophore and carbonyl group was found. According to our calculations, vibronic coupling plays a significant role in the absorption spectrum of the NR.
Vaporization Thermodynamics of Morpholinium Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zaitsau Dzmitry H. , Verevkin Sergey P. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) have gained increasing attention in a wide range of material synthesis related applications. For the first time, vapor pressures and vaporization enthalpies of four morpholinim based ILs with a common bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([NTf2]) anion were measured using Langmuir‐Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM). The enthalpies of vaporization measured at elevated temperatures have been adjusted to the reference temperature 298 K. The experimental vaporization enthalpies were compared with theoretical values available in the literature, as well as with empirical values derived from a gas‐chromatographic method based on activity coefficients at infinite dilution. New experimental vaporization enthalpies were tested for consistency with help of structure property‐relationships.
Diagnosis of the State of the Territory in Flanders. Reporting About New Maps and Indicators Differentiating Between Urban and Rural Areas Within Flanders
Authors: Pisman Ann , Vanacker Stijn 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWithin the several European analyses of spatial patterns, Belgium and Flanders take a specific position. The average ‘settlement area percentage’ (i.e., all land used beyond agriculture, semi-natural areas, forestry, and water bodies) for Europe is 4%, but 32% of the Flemish area is occupied with artificial land. Belgium has the highest score for urban-sprawl indicators, and within the European context, almost the entire area is considered urban. The aim of the research presented in this paper is to expand on the theme of indicators for spatial patterns by analyzing the Flemish area with detailed data across various scales. The results are collected in a report, the ‘Ruimterapport’— ‘RURA’, published in 2018. RURA is a bundling and compilation of research results from very diverse sources, amongst others studies from the Department of Environment and Spatial Development of Flanders and of Espon studies. This article presents the most important results from RURA and further positions them in international comparative literature. New maps and indicators are developed for the urban/peri-urban/rural dimensions of the human settlement area, urban sprawl, and settlement patterns by differentiating amongst others between urban centers, ribbon development, and scattered buildings. The paper gives a quantitative, methodological, and empirical contribution to the field of urban and regional development processes and contributes to conceptualizations of space. The case of Flanders, with its specific sprawl pattern, illustrates the difficulties spatial planning policy makers currently are facing, dealing with the complexity of space and society.
The Evolution of the Planning System in Poland from Sectoral to Integrated Strategic Planning
Authors: Wesołowska Judyta , Mirecka Małgorzata , Majda Tomasz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe paper focuses on the evolution of the planning system in Poland. Its purpose is to show the evolution from short-term planning, subordinated to the requirements of the country’s economic development, to a long-term planning system, integrating various aspects of development—spatial, natural, economic, and social, taking place over the last century. The process described in the paper was largely conditioned by historical events, and the poor economic situation of the country in the post-war period and the changes taking place in the political system. The need for rapid economic development of the country dominated the planning of the interwar period (1920s and 1930s) and post-war period (1950s to 1970s), although the economic, social, and natural conditions were taken into account in 1930s spatial planning. The most complete representation of spatial integration of various planning scopes is visible in the “National Spatial Development Concept 2030,” which was the main subject of the study, as the basic document concerning national spatial planning. The research demonstrates the novelty of this document in relation to previous ones. It is based on the vision of Polish space on, the development of functional areas, determined on the basis of socioeconomic and spatial features treated in a dynamic approach. The need for changes in applicable law that would allow the “National Spatial Development Concept 2030” to be implemented in planning practice is also pointed out. The material presented in the paper may form the basis for comparative studies of planning documents on a national level in various European countries.
Co-creation Pathway for Urban Nature-Based Solutions: Testing a Shared-Governance Approach in Three Cities and Nine Action Labs
Authors: Mahmoud Israa , Morello Eugenio 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNature-based solutions (NBS) implementation in urban contexts has proven outcoming multiple benefits to reverse the current trend of natural resources’ degradation adversely affecting biodiversity, human health, and wellbeing. Yet, the current urban-planning policy frameworks present a rigid structure to integrate NBS definitions, and their co-benefits to get mainstreamed and up scaled on a wider urban spatial dimension. In this research, we test a complete co-creation pathway that encourages decision-makers to embed citizen engagement methodologies as an approach to co-design and co-implement NBS in shared-governance processes aiming to increment the greening of urban spaces, towards more inclusive and climate resilient cities. On one hand, we assess a tendency to involve a multiplicity of stakeholders that collaborate to the establishment of an Urban Innovation Partnership (UIP) aiming at increasing the social awareness around NBS themes, and at the same time tackling both financial and governance aspects. On the other hand, the innovation embedded in NBS paves the way to combine a multi-scalar flexibility in implementation tools and place-based urban actions, hence resulting in widespread economic, environmental, and social impacts in place. The novelty in embedding the co-creation process in urban-planning practice lies in catalyzing resources towards the transposition of research into practice through policy and planning tools for local authorities and decision-makers. Three front-runner cities (Hamburg, London, and Milan) are under investigation as part of Clever Cities—a Horizon 2020 project—aiming at implementing NBS in diverse urban-regeneration processes, through nine up-running Urban Living Labs (ULLs). Grounded on a comparative analysis of these three cities, key characterization for NBS implementation framework could be categorized into: (1) current urban-planning greening strategies in each context, (2) specific environmental and societal challenges addressed, (3) different typologies and scales of NBS integration within urban morphologies, (4) specific governance process as response to co-design and co-implementation processes, and (5) availability of financial investment and main stakeholders. As research results, we emphasize using co-creation approach in urban planning to embed and upscale NBS in an inclusive shared-governance process, hence contributing to social awareness and acceptance. Meanwhile, spatial, and financial challenges could be majorly resolved using a multi-scalar approach to manage newly embedded urban-greening policies at the urban level. Lastly, the implementation scale of NBS with local communities requires a radical paradigmatic shift in societal, individual and administrative urban-planning practices.
Innovative Approaches to Energy Governance: Preliminary Quantitative Insights from the Literature
Authors: Tomasi Silvia , Gantioler Sonja 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWith a significantly changing global climate and related impacts on our societies becoming increasingly visible, the call for a significant change of the energy production and consumption system gets increasing attention. Defined as energy transition, such change involves at least two dimensions: one technological and one social. Especially the latter is gaining importance because it is argued that the impact of technological innovation could be limited, if not harmful, if the technological would not be matched with social innovation. This refers to the emergence of decentralized energy systems at the local scale, and the increased involvement of non-state actors in shaping the transition, like civil society, business, and local public authorities. It includes new forms of governance, ranging from energy communities to the design of urban living labs. This work aims to provide the first insights for the further development of a theoretical framework in relation to governance and social innovation in the context of energy transition. It builds on a bibliometric quantitative analysis to explore the extent to which changes in energy governance are reflected in the scientific literature. Results indicate that energy governance issues have quite settled in the scientific literature across the world, but that social innovation is only a recently emerging topic. A snapshot interpretive analysis is then performed to get a better understanding of what types of energy governance and social innovations are addressed. These mostly refer to energy communities and organization types related to the use of renewable energies (e.g., cooperatives and public–private partnerships), as well as obstacles and opportunities that drive their implementation. A keyword analysis is used to get the first indications on the direction of the discussion. Generally, this seems rather heterogeneous, though most often it is related to urban development and cities, as well as in relation to the planning practice. Future research should extend and carry out further in-depth analysis of the preliminary insights outlined in this work.
A Systematic Study of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) Interactions in the Main Spanish Cities
Authors: García López Javier , Sisto Raffaele , Lumbreras Martín Julio , Mataix Aldeanueva Carlos 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn October 2018, the Spanish SDSN Network, REDS, launched the SDG Spanish Cities Index report summarizing the progress of 100 Spanish cities toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). This study, developed in collaboration with the Technical University of Madrid, follows the methodology used by the Global SDG Index and Dashboards and the US Cities Index, which SDSN co-produces annually to assess SDG performance at both the national and international levels. This study, previously developed by the same researchers, identifies the most suitable indicators, metrics and urban data to measure the commitment and degree of compliance with SDG 17 for a selection of Spanish cities. It provides, through a set of 85 indicators, a unique vision of their sustainable development and allows monitoring the implementation of the SDGs at the local level in the Spanish context. In this paper, the analysis of their interactions using this dataset has been systematized. This is an innovative first step in defining the path toward urban sustainable development to make policies happen: dependencies among the goals in terms of potential interactions need to be evaluated in the Spanish context. Those results, improvements and applicability are presented and discussed in the following to identify action priorities and raise awareness of local governments and policymakers. It concludes that major efforts are required to increase sustainability and suggests an open framework that can be gradually improved as more data become available.
Bootstrapping ADE M-strings
Authors: Duan Zhihao , Nahmgoong June 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We study elliptic genera of ADE-type M-strings in 6d (2,0) SCFTs from their modularity and explore the relation to topological string partition functions. We find a novel kinematical constraint that elliptic genera should follow, which determines elliptic genera at low base degrees and helps us to conjecture a vanishing bound for the refined Gopakumar-Vafa invariants of related geometries. Using this, we can bootstrap the elliptic genera to arbitrary base degree, including D/E-type theories for which explicit formulas are only partially known. We utilize our results to obtain the 6d Cardy formulas and the superconformal indices for (2,0) theories.
Joint thrust and TMD resummation in electron-positron and electron-proton collisions
Authors: Makris Yiannis , Ringer Felix , Waalewijn Wouter J. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We present the framework for obtaining precise predictions for the transverse momentum of hadrons with respect to the thrust axis in e+e− collisions. This will enable a precise extraction of transverse momentum dependent (TMD) fragmentation functions from a recent measurement by the Belle Collaboration. Our analysis takes into account, for the first time, the nontrivial interplay between the hadron transverse momentum and the cut on the thrust event shape. To this end, we identify three different kinematic regions, derive the corresponding factorization theorems within Soft Collinear Effective Theory, and present all ingredients needed for the joint resummation of the transverse momentum and thrust spectrum at NNLL accuracy. One kinematic region can give rise to non-global logarithms (NGLs), and we describe how to include the leading NGLs. We also discuss alternative measurements in e+e− collisions that can be used to access the TMD fragmentation function. Finally, by using crossing symmetry, we obtain a new way to constrain TMD parton distributions, by measuring the displacement of the thrust axis in ep collisions.