bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction and evaluation of a low-cost AC-DC current shunt
Authors: Pinto M V V , Ventura R V F , Pontes R R , Costa L V S , Souza L A A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The process of construction and evaluation of a shunt prototype for AC-DC transfer produced by Inmetro, built with low-cost materials and using commercially available thin film chip resistors will be presented. The main objective of this work is fully achieved, obtaining an equipment with characteristics that allow its use as standard in the calibration of AC current sources of high accuracy, in a wide frequency range.
Clinical studies about the influence of calcium intake on the biochemical parameters of bone metabolism
Authors: Rasheed N W , Ahmad R I 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Calcium is a major component of bone, an adequate dietary supply of calcium during growth being considered critically important for the development of strong and healthy bone. The aim of the study was to evaluate the short term effects of dietary calcium intake on the biochemical diagnostic of the hyperparathyroidism in healthy people Subjects. The study was conducted on 36 subjects (age between 21 and 71 years, 4 men and 32 women) recruited from patients refereed to the Endocrinology Department of Elias Hospital who were not diagnosed with diseases proved to influence calcium or bone metabolism and agreed with the study for inclusion in the study, all subjects were checked for thyroid dysfunctions, hypercortisolism, hypogonadism, and active liver diseases which might interfere with total alkaline phosphatase values. The data obtained through this study sustain the significant effect of short term variations in calcium dietary intake on the biochemical diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism.
The mechanism of leptin and IGF-1 in the diabetic rheumatoid arthritis Iraqi patients
Authors: Al-Garawi Z S , Tahir N T , Tabatabai Z M A , Salman A T 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe aimed here to study the impact of leptin on insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level to imply its antidiabetic effect on Iraqi rheumatoid arthritis’s, who was with and without diabetes mellitus.Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease, primarily targets the synovium and articular cartilage, which causes joint damage. Although the role of adipocytokines in mediating damages of joint has recently suggested, it is still a matter of considerable debate.METHODS: Patients diagnosed as diabetic rheumatoid arthritis aged from 33-60 years and others diagnosed as non-diabetic rheumatoid arthritis were compared with healthy control (aged 33-46 years). Some biochemical parameters have determined, such as fasting serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, lipid profile, serum fasting insulin, IGF-1, and leptin, using ELISA and immune radiometric assay. Results indicated an elevation in some biochemical parameters in diabetic rheumatoid arthritis’s when compared with patients without diabetes. There was a significant increase in fasting serum glucose and some of the lipid components in diabetic rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to that non-diabetic. A significant elevation of leptin in diabetic rheumatoid arthritis patients compared to control (p<0.003). However, a non-significant difference of leptin was detected between diabetic rheumatoid arthritis and non-diabetic patients. In addition, some other parameters were significantly reduced in diabetic rheumatoid arthritis patients when compared to non-diabetic patients, such as high-density lipoprotein and IGF-1. This study highlights that leptin could act as pro-inflammatory mediator in rheumatoid arthritis. The negative correlation between leptin level and IGF-1 plays an important role in understanding the metabolic pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
The potential of Azolla filiculoides for in vitro phytoremediation of wastewater
Authors: Rezooqi A M , Mouhamad R S , Jasim K A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to apply phytoremediation technology in removing pollutants from wastewater to reuse it for different purposes; this technology is considered one of the promising technologies, as it is environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and removing pollutants. The experiment was conducted in the Al-Tuwaitha location (Iraqi Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA). Six glass tubs of (30×30×30) cm dimension and 27 L capacity each were filled with sewage water that brought from Al-Rustomia sewage plant after primary treatment stage bowl, 100g of Azolla plant which brought from Al-Chibayish Marsh in the south of Iraq were placed in three tubs and the other three was without plants (control) after 28 days the plants were harvested. Many pollutants and nutrients were determined every week. The results showed that the percentage of (SO4, Cl, PO4, NO3, COD, BOD, Ec) removing was (56, 52, 55, 52, 46, 42.5, 23) % respectively at the first fourteen days, and at 2nd fourteen days was (83, 76, 84, 76, 79, 63, 49) % respectively.
The effect of pituitary hormones levels and relationship to female infertility in Baghdad province
Authors: Nasser A M , Al-Jumaili E F , Alhusni Z K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study carried out to investigate the relationship between prolactin, LH, FSH, TSH hormones and female infertility. The results demonstrated high significant of prolactin (P<0.01) between infertile women as contrasted with an intact group. The outcomes additionally indicated a significant difference at (P<0.01) of TSH of infertile women as contrasted and unblemished and demonstrated a significant difference at (P<0.05) of infertile women as contrasted and with intact. There were no significant differences of (FSH) level between infertile women and intact. The investigation shows the part of prolactin hormone was the most impact of the female infertility.
Osmotic fragility in essential hypertension revisited: A correlation with Iron status and lipid profile
Authors: Alhillawi Z H , Al-Ani S R M , Al-Hakeim H K 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Essential hypertension is a major public health associated with increased pressure on the vascular walls and red blood cells (RBCs). In the present work, osmotic fragility (OSF) of RBCs was reexamined in the measure of its correlation with two risk factors; iron status and lipid profile. OSF, iron status parameters, and lipid profile components were measured in eighty-eight patients and compared to the results of thirty controls. The results presented a significant increase in all iron indices of hypertensive patients compared to the normotensive group excluding transferrin concentrations and UIBC decreasing in these patients compared to the healthy group. Serum TGs, total cholesterol, VLDLc, and LDLc increased in patients as compared with control group. There is no significant change in OSF between patients and controls. The iron status parameters and LDLc and TG components were dependent on sex and smoking state. Hemoglobin and PCV were correlated significantly with total cholesterol and LDLc. Transferrin saturation showed a positive correlation with cholesterol, LDLc, and TGs, but negatively correlated with HDLc. No significant correlation between all the measured parameters and OSF in patients with HT. There is a significant correlation between serum ferritin and systolic BP and between Hb and systolic BP. Conclusion. Hypertension as a mechanical challenge for RBCs membrane has no significant effect on the OSF in hypertensive patients. Iron status parameters showed an elevation in HT patients as compared with controls. OSF has no significant correlation with iron status parameters or with lipid profile components in HT patients.
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with thyroid diseases
Authors: Jubair S , Nsaif A S , Abdullah A H , Dhefer I H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background The deficiency of vitamin D3 (VD) is a universal health issue, its role in different kind of diseases is being studied recently. However, its role in thyroid diseases is not well established yet. This study aims to determine the impact of VD in the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Method. Three hundred Iraqi females with age ranged between 30 and 55 years participate in this research, 100 of them were hypothyroid patients, 100 females were hyperthyroid patients and the other 100 females were healthy volunteers served as controls. Thyroid hormones, VD, liver function parameters, and kidney function parameters were determined using different analysis techniques. Results. The levels of VD were significantly decreased in both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients (19.644 ± 10.524 for hypothyroid patients and 22.712 ± 11.249 for hyperthyroid patients vs. 30.880 ± 2.587 for controls, p <0.0001). Liver function parameters were within the normal ranges in all the patients. Creatinine and uric acid were within the normal ranges, while urea was significantly increased and out of the normal clinical range in both hypothyroid and hyperthyroid patients (39.560 ± 9.912 for hypothyroidism patients and 42.460 ±7.171 for hyperthyroid patients vs. 26.920 ± 5.033 for controls, p <0.0001). Conclusion. Vitamin D3 and kidney function tests must be included in the differential detection of thyroid diseases. Still, further investigations are needed to understand the underlying mechanism by which VD affects thyroid hormone regulation.
Determination of some biochemical parameters in sera of normotensive and hypertensive obese female in Baghdad
Authors: Taay Y M , Mohammed M T , Abbas R , Ayad A , Mahdi M A 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObesity is a disease describe a case of excessive accumulation of body fats. Obesity is linked to the morbidity of human health, such as the development of hypertension. The study designed to investigate the levels of glucose, urea, creatinine, and lipid profile parameters in sera of obese female and hypertensive obese female. The study included 90 subjects who divided onto three groups equally, in which they are healthy control, normotensive obese, and hypertensive obese. A significant elevation (P<0.01) has observed in the level of glucose, urea, creatinine, triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol, LDL-C, and VLDL-C in obese females compared with control, yet only TGs and VLDL-C were significantly differ in hypertensive obese from normotensive obese. On the other hand the level of HDL-C was significantly decreased in obese female compared with control. The elevation of TGs and VLDL in hypertensive obese female indicates their role in the complications of hypertension during obesity.
Synthesis and in vitro assay of 1-[5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-yl] derivatives as new antimicrobial agents
Authors: Ayrim N B , Abdula A M , Baker S M , Mohsen G L , Rodhan W F , Rasheed A H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
A new series of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives (1-8) was synthesized from the 5-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-[1,3,4]thiadiazol-2-ylamine. The reaction of the starting material with isocyanate and isothiocyanate derivatives afforded 1,3,4-thiadiazole containing urea and thiourea derivatives (1-3), respectively. Reaction of 1,3,4-thiadiazole with p-nitrobenzaldehyde produced new Schiff base 4. It cyclized thiazolidin-4-one (5) and azetidin-2-one (6) derivatives by the action of thioglycolic acid and chloroacetyl chloride. Compound 7 was synthesized by a reaction of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole with chloroacetyl chloride. Cyclization of compound 7 with ammonium thiocyanate produced compound 8. The Synthesized derivatives were characterized using spectral analysis. All the derivatives were In vitro screened against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella SPP (gram negative), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus SPP (gram positive) and also Candida albicans and showed moderate to effective inhibition activity.
Role of antioxidant and oxidative stress levels in multiple sclerosis Iraqi patients
Authors: Muhammed O M , Al-Rubae’i S H N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis is a multifactorial disease characterized by demyelination and inflammation of the central nervous system. Accumulating data indicate that changes in the balance of antioxidants and oxidants contributed to the MS pathophysiology. The aim of the study to obtain a better understanding of the oxidative stress process to select a proper method of predicting the prognosis of the relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). Serum of 97 patients (30 newly diagnosed RRMS patients and 67 RRMS patients underwent treatment) and 35 healthy individuals as control group. Serum levels of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3], vitamin E, vitamin C, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. There was a negative correlation between MDA and antioxidant (vitamin C and vitamin E), whereas a positive correlation between MDA and other oxidative stress (PC and 8-OHdG). Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that PC was an ideal marker while vitamin C, MDA, 8-OHdG were excellent markers. Our data showed that the above markers as a mean could be used to predict MS disease and the extent of its progression.
Laser removal of marker tags from a contemporary graffiti painting
Authors: Atanassova V , Ghervase L , Cortea I M 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This contribution presents a study on the efficiency of the laser removal of black permanent marker tags from a contemporary graffiti painting. The effect of two wavelengths – 1064 nm and 532 nm, on the marker inks and the graffiti paints was investigated using optical microscopy and colorimetric measurements. Preliminary characterization of the marker inks and the paints by FTIR and XRF analyses was also performed. The results confirm that the materials’ response to laser radiation depends on their particular chemical composition.
A parametric study of sub-picosecond laser ablation of thin metal foils
Authors: Garasz K , Kocik M 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWith the properties of ultrashort pulse width and ultrahigh peak power, femtosecond lasers excel at processing materials whose thickness is less than 500 μm. Numerous experiments and theoretical analyses have testified to the fact that there are solid grounds for the future applications of femtosecond laser micromachining [1, 2]. However, with the high costs and complexity of these devices, it is the sub-picosecond laser that might be an alternative when it comes to micromachining of thin metal foils. Furthermore, investigating the sub-picosecond laser interactions with matter could provide a better understanding of the ablation mechanisms and experimental verification of existing models concerning the ultrashort pulse regime. We present research on sub-picosecond laser interaction with metal foils with a thickness of less than 250 μm under various laser pulse parameters. The research was conducted by two types of ultrafast lasers: a lab-designed sub-picosecond Yb:KYW laser (650 fs) and a commercial femtosecond Ti:S laser (35 fs). The results show how variables, such as pulse duration, energy, repetition rate, wavelength and irradiation time, affect the micromachining process.
Photoinduced chirality in azopolymer-based nanocomposites with different TiO2 nanoparticles concentrations
Authors: Mateev G , Nedelchev L , Nazarova D , Blagoeva B , Berberova-Buhova N , Stoykova E 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
After its discovery, photoinduced chirality in azopolymer materials has been studied with growing interest because of its potential applications. According to our previous investigations, it is possible to induce chirality in an amorphous azopolymer with a high linear photoanisotropy by illumination with elliptically polarized light. In the present work, we studied the photoinduced chirality in thin nanocomposite films based on the azopolymer poly[1-[4-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzenesulfonamido]-1,2-ethanediyl, sodium salt], shortly PAZO, doped with TiO2 nanoparticles with a size of about 20 nm. The thickness of the prepared films was approximately 550 nm and the concentration of the nanoparticles varied from 0 to 3 wt. %. A He-Cd laser beam (λ = 442 nm) was used, with the input ellipticity varying from –1 (left circularly polarized) to +1 (right circularly polarized). The ellipticity was set using a quarter-wave and a half-wave plates. We studied the dependences of the output ellipticity and the angle of self-rotation of the polarization azimuth on the input ellipticity. Based on the experimental data obtained, we could analyze the dependence of the self-rotation of the polarization azimuth on the concentration of the nanoparticles. The results show that small concentrations of nanoparticles lead to an enhancement of the self-rotation, hence, the chirality.
Fabrication of aqueous colloids of TixO2x-1 and Ag composite nanostructures by means of pulsed laser processing
Authors: Stankova N E , Nikolov A , Karashanova D , Nedyalkov N , Dikovska A , Milenov T , Ristoscu C , Badiceanu M , Mihailescu I N 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pulsed laser ablation in liquids is utilized for preparation of composite nanostructures on the basis of TixO2x-1 and Ag. Plates of bulk Ti and Ag immersed in the corresponding liquid serve as targets in the ablation procedure. A nanosecond Nd:YAG pulsed laser is employed as a source of irradiation. Its fundamental wavelength and the third and fourths harmonic are used both to fabricate and to change the chemical composition and the morphology of the nanostructures considered. The procedure for synthesis of complex nanostructures is performed following a specific sequence, namely, the consecutive laser ablation of the selected targets is followed by a post-ablation irradiation of the colloid obtained of the complex nanostructures. The changes in the characteristics of the complex nanostructures are indirectly evaluated based on the profile of the optical transmission spectra of the as-obtained colloids. The colloids’ properties are controlled by varying the laser beam parameters. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is applied for direct visualization of their shape. The chemical composition and the morphology were assessed by high-resolution TEM and SAED analyses.
Coherent magneto-optical resonances in hot potassium vapor
Authors: Gateva S , Tsvetkov S , Todorov G , Gozzini S , Nasyrov K , Andreeva C , Cartaleva S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this communication, we present experimental results on the preparation of magneto-optical resonances in potassium. The magneto-optical resonances are registered in Hanle configuration, i.e. monitoring the atomic fluorescence vs the applied magnetic field scanned around zero value. The excitation of the second resonance line with a wavelength of 404.4 nm leads both to direct fluorescence at 404.4 nm and to a cascade decay with fluorescence at 770.1 nm and 764.5 nm (first resonance line transitions). This transfer is evidenced by the registration of a narrow magneto-optical resonance in the fluorescence. It should also be noted that even after multiple cascade transitions, the resonance observed on the infrared lines has a much better signal/noise ratio compared to that on the excited second resonance line. Therefore, the study of these sub-Doppler-width magneto-optical resonances in hot potassium vapor will be useful for the further development of high-resolution magneto-optical laser spectroscopy.
Super resolution far field infrared microscopy
Authors: Hendaoui N , Korobchevskaya K , Bianchini P , Lamard L , Kellou A , Peremans A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We present and compare the performances of label-free super-resolution infrared microscopy based on non-linear properties intrinsic to all vibrational transition in three configurations such as pump-probe, differential absorption, and attenuated total reflection configurations. We then highlight experimental demonstrations achieved in label-free super-resolution chemical imaging that succeed in exploiting this novel concept.
Modeling and analysis of the RI sensitivity of plasmonic sensor based on MIM waveguide-coupled structure
Authors: Zegaar I , Hocini A , Ben salah H 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a plasmonic sensor is proposed based on a metal-insulator-metal waveguide coupled with a double-triangle resonator. The sensing structure is numerically and theoretically investigated using the two-dimensional finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The results show the presence of a linear relationship between the materials refractive indices and the sensor’s wavelength resonances. The proposed structure revealed a high sensitivity value, reaching the maximum value for mode 1 S
mode1 = 1374 nm/RIU, and for mode 2 S
mode2 = 2365 nm/RIU. The proposed sensor can be classified as a high-performance nano-sensor that can be used to identify different materials.
Spring-to-summer observations of the aerosol load over Sofia-city using near-horizontal lidar sensing
Authors: Dreischuh T , Kolarov G , Grigorov I , Peshev Z , Deleva A , Vulkova L , Gurdev L , Stoyanov D 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Using lidar and contact facilities, the relation is investigated experimentally between the extinction coefficient and the mass concentration of near-ground aerosol pollution over some districts in Sofia City. The extinction coefficient profiles of the aerosol ensembles along the lidar line of sight (LOS) are measured at the lidar wavelengths of 510.6 nm (CuBr-vapor laser source) and 1064 nm and 532 nm (Nd:YAG laser source). The particulate mass concentration is determined using data obtained concurrently by air-quality measuring sensors close to the LOS. Thus, the results obtained of the aerosol mass concentration-to-extinction calibration constant of the lidar concern mainly the sites around the nearest stations. To help the interpretation of the results, the accompanying weather conditions are also described. The experiments are conducted in the spring and the summer and the results obtained reflect the ecological peculiarities of the corresponding city regions of interest. The values found of the calibration constant are consistent with those obtained earlier in the same seasons.
Advanced portable DIAL hygrometer using high-power pulsed laser diodes with fiber-optical cascade collimator
Authors: Penchev S , Pencheva V , Dreischuh T 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The DIAL hygrometer described integrates independent optical channels of high-power broad-line laser diodes of different wavelengths. A cascade collimator is developed based on tapered optical fibers of decreasing apertures, which ensures a minimal divergence of the laser beam for maximal discrimination of the background light. Effective twenty-four-hour DIAL profiling of humidity along a path of up to 3 km at a resolution of 2 gm-3 is targeted.