bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of human disturbance on temporal partitioning within carnivore communities
Authors: Sévêque Anthony , Gentle Louise K. , Vicente López‐Bao José , Yarnell Richard W. , Uzal Antonio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Interspecific competition is an important evolutionary force, influencing interactions between species and shaping the composition of biological communities. In mammalian carnivores, to reduce the risks of negative encounters between competitors, species can employ a strategy of temporal partitioning, adapting activity patterns to limit synchronous activity. This strategy of non‐human competitor avoidance, however, may be influenced by the expansion of human activities, which has driven wild mammals towards nocturnality.

We hypothesise that the disruption of temporal niche partitioning by humans and their activities could increase temporal overlap between carnivores, enhancing interspecific competition.

We reviewed the published literature systematically and employed generalised linear models to evaluate quantitatively the relative influence of a range of human, meteorological and ecological variables on coefficients of temporal overlap within mammalian terrestrial carnivore communities (orders Carnivora and Didelphimorphia) on a global scale.

None of the models investigated showed evidence of an impact of humans on temporal partitioning between carnivores on a global scale. This illustrates that temporal avoidance of humans and competitors does not always follow a consistent pattern and that its strength may be context‐dependent and relative to other dimensions of niche partitioning (spatial and trophic).

Similarly, the regulation of activity patterns may be strongly site‐specific and may be influenced by a combination of biotic and abiotic characteristics. Temporal avoidance of both humans and competitors by carnivores may take the form of short, reactive responses that do not impact activity patterns in the longer term.

Although we did not detect a global disruption of temporal partitioning due to human disturbance, carnivore communities may still experience an increase in interspecific competition in other niche dimensions. Further research would benefit from using controlled experimental designs and investigating multiple dimensions of niche partitioning simultaneously. Finally, we recommend complementing the coefficient of temporal overlap with other metrics of fine‐scale spatiotemporal interactions.
Establishing asymmetry: stomatal division and differentiation in plants
Authors: Guo Xiaoyu , Wang Lu , Dong Juan 
Published: July 2021

SummaryIn the leaf epidermis, stomatal pores allow gas exchange between plants and the environment. The production of stomatal guard cells requires the lineage cells to divide asymmetrically. In this Insight review, we describe an emerging picture of how intrinsic molecules drive stomatal asymmetric cell division in multidimensions, from transcriptional activities in the nucleus to the dynamic assembly of the polarity complex at the cell cortex. Given the significant roles of stomatal activity in plant responses to environmental changes, we incorporate recent advances in external cues feeding into the regulation of core molecular machinery required for stomatal development. The work we discuss here is mainly based on the dicot plant Arabidopsis thaliana with summaries of recent progress in the monocots.
Point‐of‐sale nutrition information interventions in food retail stores to promote healthier food purchase and intake: A systematic review
Authors: Chan Jasmine , McMahon Emma , Brimblecombe Julie 
Published: July 2021

SummaryProviding simple information that identifies healthier/less healthy products at the point‐of‐sale has been increasingly recognized as a potential strategy for improving population diet. This review evaluated the effect on healthiness of food purchasing/intake of interventions that identify specific products as healthier/less healthy at the point‐of‐sale in food retail settings. Five databases were searched for peer‐reviewed randomized controlled or quasi‐experimental trials published 2000–2020. Effects on primary outcomes of the 26 eligible studies (322 stores and 19,002 participants) were positive (n = 14), promising (effective under certain conditions; n = 3), mixed (different effect across treatment arms/outcomes; n = 4), null (n = 3), negative (n = 1), or unclear (n = 1). Shelf‐label studies (three studies of two rating systems across all products) were positive. Technology‐delivered (mobile applications/podcast/kiosk) interventions were positive (n = 3/5) or promising/mixed (n = 2/5). In‐store displays (n = 16) had mixed effectiveness. Interventions provided information on targeted healthier products only (n = 17), unhealthy products only (n = 1), both healthy and unhealthy (n = 2), and across all products (n = 5). No patterns were found between behavior change technique used and effectiveness. Study quality was mixed. These findings indicate that point‐of‐sale interventions identifying healthy/unhealthy options can lead to healthier customer purchasing behavior, particularly those delivered using shelf‐labels or technology. Further research on discouraging unhealthy foods is needed.
Subcutaneous implanted cardioverter‐defibrillator in ventricular noncompaction, coronary artery disease and stroke
Authors: Stöllberger Claudia , Gatterer Edmund , Hasun Matthias , Arnold Zsuzsanna , Finsterer Josef 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLeft ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction (LVHT) is associated with arrhythmias. Guidelines for prevention of sudden cardiac death by implanted cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) also apply to LVHT‐patients. Right ventricular perforation by the ICD‐lead is a matter of concern. Subcutaneous ICD (S‐ICD) may overcome disadvantages of transvenous ICD in patients without a need for pacing therapy. We report a LVHT‐patient with arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary artery disease with an anterior‐wall myocardial infarction 2004 and stroke without neurological deficits in 2018. Since ejection fraction of 33% remained unchanged despite bisoprolol, sacubitril/valsartan and spironolactone, he was treated with S‐ICD for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death.
Clinical impact of MultiPoint pacing in responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy
Authors: Marques Pedro , Nunes‐Ferreira Afonso , Silvério António Pedro , Aguiar‐Ricardo Inês , Rodrigues Tiago , Badie Nima , Marcos Ivo , Bernardes Ana , Pinto Fausto J , de Sousa João 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundCardiac resynchronization therapy demonstrated benefits in heart failure. However, only 60–70% are responders and only 22% are super‐responders. MultiPoint pacing (MPP) improves structural remodeling, but data in responder patients is scarce.MethodsA prospective, randomized study of the efficacy of MPP was conducted in patients who were CRT responders after 6 months of bi‐ventricular (BiV) therapy. At 6 months, responder patients (LV end‐systolic volume [LVESV] reduction ≥15%) were randomized to either continued BiV therapy or to MPP programmed with wide anatomical separation ≥30 mm, and followed until 12 months. Efficacy was determined by 6–12 month changes in LVESV and LV ejection fraction (LVEF). Evaluations of super‐responder rate (LVESV reduction ≥30%) and quality of life (NYHA, EQ‐5D, MLHFQ) were also performed.ResultsFrom February 2017 to February 2019, 73 CRTs with Quartet LV leads were implanted (42.9% female, 65.7 ± 10.8 years old, 79.5% dilated cardiomyopathy). At 6 months, 74.2% responded to BiV and were randomized to BiV (n = 25) or MPP (n = 24). MPP versus BiV delivered greater LVESV improvement (8.3% decrease in MPP vs. 10.3% increase in BiV patients, p = .047), greater increase in LVEF (7.7% vs. 1.8%, p = .008), and higher 0–12 month super‐responder rate (86.4% vs. 56.0%, p = .027). More MPP vs. BiV patients experienced an improvement in NYHA (84.6% vs. 50.0%, p = .047) and EQ‐5D (94.4% vs. 54.0%, p = .006).ConclusionsMPP with wide anatomical spacing in CRT responder patients resulted in improved LV reverse remodeling with higher rates of super‐responders, and better quality of life metrics.
Imaged‐based phenotyping accelerated QTL mapping and qtl × environment interaction analysis of testa colour in peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Zhang Shengzhong , Hu Xiaohui , Miao Huarong , Chu Ye , Cui Fenggao , Yang Weiqiang , Xu Sheng , Guo Jintao , Fu Chun , Song Xiaofeng , Hou Min , Qiu Junlan , Chen Jing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo explore the genetic mechanism underlying testa colour in peanut, three‐dimensional parameters, red (R), green (G) and blue (B) values were applied to define this trait. Image‐based phenotypic data of a recombinant inbred line population were collected from three environments and mostly exhibited continuous distributions and transgressive segregations. Significant and positive correlations, detected among RGB values and their broad‐sense heritabilities were 0.84, 0.94 and 0.87, respectively. Based on a previous high‐density genetic map, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed. Individual environmental analysis yielded eight associated QTLs, explaining phenotypic variation from 3.29% to 35.94%. A stable and consistent region detected for R and G values was identified, covering a genomic region of 116.78–118.94 Mb on chromosome 3. Multi‐environmental joint analysis identified 12 additive QTLs, with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) of 1.88%‐34.65%. A total of 23 pairs of epistatic QTLs involving 30 loci were identified to regulate the RGB values of testa colour. Functional annotations facilitated mining the candidate genes for testa colour in the consistent QTL region.
Squamous differentiation in surgically resected malignant pleural mesothelioma with neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Yotsukura Masaya , Motoi Noriko , Yoshida Akihiko , Yoshida Yukihiro , Nakagawa Kazuo , Watanabe Shun‐ichi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe describe a rare case of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) that developed squamous differentiation. MPM can present various patterns of histology, but squamous differentiation has not been reported in any surgically resected cases to date. The patient was a 50‐year‐old female without smoking habit who had right MPM and underwent pleurectomy/decortication after chemotherapy. Pathological examination of the surgical specimen found that the MPM contained squamous cancer cells with apparent keratinization close to the tubulopapillary epithelioid tumor cells. Squamous differentiation was recognized close to the mesothelial proliferation, and the topographical origin of the tumor could not be recognized in the lung. The tubulopapillary tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin 5/6, Wilms tumor‐1, and calretinin, and negative for thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1), claudin‐4, and p40. Squamous cells were positive for cytokeratin 5/6 and p40, and negative for Wilms tumor‐1, calretinin, and TTF‐1. Loss of BRCA1 associated protein‐1 (BAP1) was observed in both the tubulopapillary and squamous tumor cells. Based on the loss of BAP1 and no history of smoking, we diagnosed this case as a rare differentiation of biphasic‐type MPM into squamous cell carcinoma.
Repairing the State: Policy Repair in the Frontline Bureaucracy
Authors: Masood Ayesha , Nisar Muhammad Azfar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch on street‐level bureaucrats has identified their role as policy entrepreneurs through the adoption and advocacy of policy innovations. This article adds to this research by underscoring how street‐level bureaucrats use creativity and improvisation to find contextual solutions for emergent local policy problems in response to scarcity. We suggest that these practices of policy repair allow frontline bureaucracies to deal with personnel, process, and material scarcity and maintain public service delivery even in resource‐scarce environments. Using ethnographic data from Punjab, Pakistan, we show that this repair work is collaborative, client‐centered, and motivated by compassion and kindness. Our research indicates that emergent and improvised policy repair allows frontline bureaucracies to be resilient and responsive to scarcity and changing service demands. Our findings further suggest that inclusion of street‐level bureaucrats in formal policy decisions can help develop context‐specific solutions to emergent problems of public service delivery.Evidence for Practice

Street‐level bureaucrats (SLBs) face multiple types of scarcity during policy implementation—material scarcity, where they do not have enough equipment or space for their work; process scarcity, where officially sanctioned menu of routines or procedures do not account for local situations; and personnel scarcity, where they do not have enough workforce or expertise for their tasks.
SLBs do policy repair—use creativity and innovation in their day‐to‐day work to find local and contextualized solutions for their localized service limitations, to overcome scarcity, and to deal with the vulnerability of bureaucratic systems.
Allowing SLBs to use creativity and improvisation for local and emergent problems can create more robust and resilient public service delivery systems.
Repair requires implicit and local knowledge of bureaucratic systems; inclusion of SLBs in formal policy decisions is necessary to develop context‐specific solutions to emergent problems of public service delivery.
How Can Servant Leaders Foster Public Employees’ Service‐Oriented Behaviors? A Multilevel Multisource Study in Canadian Libraries
Authors: Bentein Kathleen , Lapalme Marie‐Ève , Guerrero Sylvie , Parent‐Rocheleau Xavier , Simard Gilles 
Published: July 2021

AbstractServant leadership, a leadership style that focuses on leading by serving, is well suited to supporting frontline employees’ service‐oriented behaviors in the public sector. However, we still know little about how servant leaders shape these behaviors in this specific context. Drawing on social learning theory, relational identity, and service linkage research, this article addresses this gap and tests a model in which servant leadership is related to service‐oriented behaviors through customer orientation at the individual level and through service climate at the group level. The research hypotheses were tested, using a multilevel model, on a sample of 922 employees, 86 supervisors, and 9,547 citizens nested in 86 Canadian libraries. Results show that servant leaders are associated with high service‐oriented behaviors through the ability to strengthen individual customer orientation and service climate. Overall, this article highlights that developing servant leaders may help public organizations reach their goal of serving citizens better.
Genome editing and its applications in genetic improvement in aquaculture
Authors: Yang Zituo , Yu Yepin , Tay Yi Xuan , Yue Gen Hua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the aquaculture industry, selective breeding has played an important role in increasing aquaculture production significantly. To meet the global growing demand for high quality proteins, it is essential to apply novel technologies to accelerate breeding to facilitate the increase in aquaculture production. Gene and genome editing technologies, including ZFNs, TALLENS and Crispr/Cas9, are promising tools to speed up genetic improvement. Among all the genome editing approaches, the CRISPR/Cas9 system is faster, cheaper and precise in editing genes/genomes. Therefore, the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the editing of genomes in aquaculture species is emerging rapidly. It has been applied to precisely edit genes to identify gene functions and generate the preferred traits in over 20 aquaculture species. This review summarises the genome editing technologies and their applications in the rapid improvement of economic traits in the aquaculture industry. Challenges and future directions of genome editing are also discussed.
Environmental consequences of using insect meal as an ingredient in aquafeeds: A systematic view
Authors: Quang Tran Hung , Van Doan Hien , Stejskal Vlastimil 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe retrieved data from various studies to investigate the consequences of insect meal production and insect meal‐based diets with respect to their environmental impact, including global warming potential, energy use, land use, water use, acidification, eutrophication as well as to economic fish‐in fish‐out ratio and solid waste output production. Analysis indicated that insect meals’ production exerted positive effects on land use but was associated with greater energy use and a larger carbon footprint compared to conventional protein sources. Substitution of silkworm meal (Bombyx mori) meals for fishmeal in aquatic animal diets significantly reduced solid phosphorus waste compared to insect‐free diets. In contrast, the inclusion of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), housefly (Musca domestica), mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and grasshopper (Zonocerus variegatus) has led, in comparison to insect‐free diet, to greater solid nitrogen waste. Reducing the proportion of fishmeal and, to a lesser extent fish oil, by various insect meals in aquatic diet formulations significantly reduces economic fish‐in fish‐out, indicating less marine forage fish required per unit fish yield. The simulated data showed environmental benefit associated with land use of insect‐containing aquafeeds compared to insect meal‐free feeds, especially insect species of M. domestica and T. molitor. In all, this study suggested a trade‐off of using insect meal as an aquafeed ingredient regarding environmental consequence. Since insect meal has excellent potential to supply protein for aquafeeds in the coming years, improvement in insect meal production systems and nutritional composition will be essential to make insect meal a sustainable aquafeed ingredient.
A good mix against ultra‐poverty? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) in Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Atiya , Bhattacharjee Anindita , Das Narayan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExisting evidence shows that programs that provide grants to productive assets along with training to very poor women increase labor supply, earnings, and consumption. In contrast, evidence on the effect of microcredit on these outcomes is mixed. In this paper, we examine the effect of a hybrid of the two approaches—credit and grant—on the livelihoods of the ultra‐poor in Bangladesh. A randomized evaluation of the hybrid intervention shows that it increases labor supply of working‐age women, household income, productive assets, savings, and consumption expenditures. The benefit–cost ratio of the intervention is estimated to be 8.47.
Dental decision‐making under general anesthesia for patients with disabilities: A qualitative study
Authors: McGeown Danielle , Mac Giolla Phadraig Caoimhin , Whelehan Dale , Nunn June H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsThis paper explores the variables which influence decision‐making processes in dentists providing dental care for people with disabilities under general anesthesia (GA).MethodsFace‐to‐face semi‐structured interviews were undertaken on a purposive sample. Audio recordings were transcribed and checked for accuracy. Using thematic content analysis methods open codes were developed inductively. Codes were analyzed further by three authors adopting a deductive approach, leading to final coding, sorting and themes, subtheme and framework development.ResultsThree themes emerged. The first theme explored Shared Decision Making, or lack thereof, as it influenced clinical reasoning. The second (Systematic, Analytical) and third (Intuition, and heuristics) themes explored features of clinical judgment as considered under dual process theory. Dentists primarily used intuitive decision‐making processes and heuristic styled processes (or cognitive mental frames) assisted in intuition to extract teeth, without engaging type 2 processes.ConclusionThe dentists experience subtle modifiers to their decision‐making that ultimately promote extraction of teeth under GA for people with disabilities. Bias training, simulation and post‐hoc reflection are examples of recommendations which may be used to improve decision‐making in this area.
Does the Belief That Contraceptive Use Causes Infertility Actually Affect Use? Findings from a Social Network Study in Kenya
Authors: Sedlander Erica , Bingenheimer Jeffrey B. , Lahiri Shaon , Thiongo Mary , Gichangi Peter , Munar Wolfgang , Rimal Rajiv N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe belief that contraceptive use causes infertility has been documented across sub‐Saharan Africa, but its quantitative association with actual contraceptive use has not been examined. We collected and analyzed sociocentric network data covering 74 percent of the population in two villages in rural Kenya. We asked respondents to nominate people from their village (their network), and then we matched their network (alters) to the individual participant (ego) to understand how their beliefs and behaviors differ. We asked about contraceptive use and level of agreement with a statement about contraceptive use causing infertility. We calculated the average nominated network contraceptive use score and the average nominated network belief score. Holding the individual belief that contraceptive use causes infertility was associated with lower odds of using contraceptive (AOR = 0.82, p = < 0.01); however, when one's own nominated network connections held this belief, the odds of using contraceptive were even lower (AOR = 0.75, p <0.01). Our findings show that this belief is associated with lower odds of contraceptive use and highlights the role that other people in one's network play in reinforcing it. Sexual and reproductive health programs should address this misperception at the individual and social network level.
A systematic analysis and prioritization of suicide prevention research gaps
Authors: Workman Don E. , Bellanti Dawn M. , Kelber Marija S. , Beech Erin H. , Smolenski Derek , Bush Nigel E. , Edwards‐Stewart Amanda , Skopp Nancy , Otto Jean L. , Garvey Wilson Abigail L. , Morgan Maria A. , Ojha Suman , Belsher Bradley E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study identified and prioritized research gaps for suicide prevention in the Department of Defense to inform future research investments.MethodsThe 2019 VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Patients at Risk for Suicide was the primary source document for research gaps, supplemented by an updated literature search. Institutional stakeholders rated the identified research gaps and ranked the gap categories. We used Q factor analysis to derive a list of the prioritized research gaps and category rankings.ResultsThirty‐five research gaps were identified and prioritized. The highest rated research gap topic was lethal means safety interventions and their effectiveness in increasing safety behaviors and/or reducing suicide‐related outcomes. Research on the effectiveness of crisis response planning and several other non‐pharmacological interventions (e.g., implementation of cognitive‐behavioral therapy, technology‐based behavioral interventions, and applications of dialectical behavior therapy to non‐Borderline patients) were also rated highly by stakeholders.ConclusionsThis work generated a list of priorities for future suicide research as evaluated by Departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs stakeholders. Our findings can help guide the efforts of suicide researchers and inform decisions about future research funding for suicide prevention.