bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opportunities for strengthening sexual health education in schools: Findings from a student needs assessment in NSW
Authors: Roth Caecilia , Cheng Yan , Wilson Eleanor G. , Botfield Jessica , Stuart Anne , Estoesta Jane 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIssue addressedComprehensive sexuality education (CSE) is important for the sexual and reproductive health of young people. To better understand young people's views and experiences of sexual health education in NSW, a student needs assessment survey was conducted in 2017.MethodsThis paper presents the findings from 1603 NSW students in Years 8‐12 following online recruitment. Descriptive analyses explored students’ views and experiences in relation to sources of sexual health information, education providers, school‐based topics covered and resources drawn on.ResultsFindings indicate that school, parents, friends and social media are students’ most common sources of information on sexual and reproductive health. Approximately one‐third of students reported wanting more information on topics related to relationships, reproductive health, consent and sexual decision‐making and sexual harassment, abuse and bullying, and two‐thirds of transgender and gender diverse students wanted more information on gender identity. For the topics which students reported receiving the least information about at school, they were most likely to seek this out on social media and websites.ConclusionFindings provide valuable insight for improving CSE in NSW. The influence of social media, parents and the internet should be taken into consideration when developing resources and programme content. Professional development for educators could contribute to improving the quality of CSE delivered. Accurate and up to date resources must be utilised to support student engagement and effective learning.
Photocatalytic overall water splitting by graphitic carbon nitride
Authors: Niu Ping , Dai Junjing , Zhi Xiaojuan , Xia Zhonghui , Wang Shulan , Li Li 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotocatalytic overall water splitting (OWS) without using any sacrificial reagent to realize H2 and O2 production in the stoichiometric ratio of 2:1 is viewed as the “holy grail” in the field of solar fuel production. Developing stable, low cost, and nontoxic photocatalysts that have satisfactory solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency is of significance but challenging for realizing the large‐scale use of this sustainable technology. Among various photocatalysts, graphitic carbon nitride (GCN) has shown great potential as an ideal candidate to fulfill the breakthrough in this dynamic research field due to its attractive physicochemical properties. Herein, for the first time, the state‐of‐the‐art research progress of GCN for photocatalytic OWS is reviewed. We first summarize the basic principle of photocatalytic OWS along with the advantages/challenges of GCN introduced. The strategies that have been used to modulate the OWS activity of GCN are then reviewed, including cocatalyst investigation, morphology modulation, atomic structure modification, crystallinity engineering, and heterostructure construction. Toward the end of the review, the concluding remarks and perspectives for the future development are presented, with our expectation to provide some new ideas for the design of advanced OWS photocatalysts.image
Endogenous FGF‐2 levels impact FGF‐2/BMP‐2 growth factor delivery dosing in aged murine calvarial bone defects
Authors: Kuhn Liisa T. , Peng Tao , Gronowicz Gloria , Hurley Marja M 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBone repair in elderly mice has been shown to be improved or negatively impacted by supplementing the highly osteogenic bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) with fibroblast growth factor‐2 (FGF‐2). To better predict the outcome of FGF‐2 supplementation, we investigated whether endogenous levels of FGF‐2 play a role in optimal dosing of FGF‐2 for augmenting BMP‐2 activity in elderly mice. In vivo calvarial bone defect studies in Fgf2 knockout mice with wildtype controls were conducted with the growth factors delivered in a highly localized manner from a biomimetic calcium phosphate/polyelectrolyte multilayer coating applied to a bone graft substitute. Endogenous FGF‐2 levels were measured in old mice versus young and found to decrease with age. Optimal dosing for improving bone defect repair correlated with levels of endogenous FGF‐2, with a larger dose of FGF‐2 required to have a positive effect on bone healing in the Fgf2 knockout mice. The same dose in wildtype old mice, with higher levels of FGF‐2, promoted chondrogenesis and increased osteoclast activity. The results suggest a personalized medicine approach, based on a knowledge of endogenous levels of FGF‐2, should guide FGF‐2 supplementation in order to avoid provoking excessive bone resorption and cartilage formation, both of which inhibited calvarial bone repair.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D is associated with fracture risk only during periods of seasonally high levels in women with a high body mass index
Authors: Michaëlsson Karl , Byberg Liisa , Svennblad Bodil , Larsson Susanna C. , Baron John A. , Melhus Håkan 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25OHD) is used to assess vitamin D status and is known to be affected by season and fat mass. Because these factors are often ignored when interpreting S-25OHD, assessment of vitamin D associations with disease outcomes may be distorted. We aimed to investigate the impact of season of blood draw and fat mass on the association of S25OHD with fracture risk. We enrolled 5000 women, mean ± SD age 68 ± 7 years, with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans and blood collection in a population-based cohort. Proportional hazards regression, stratified by season and fat mass, was used to determine hazard ratios (HRs) of fracture according to categories of S-25OHD. Our secondary exposures were serum 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2 D3), the most active vitamin D metabolite and plasma parathyroid hormone (P-PTH). During an average of 9.2 years of follow-up, 1080 women had a fracture. Women with S-25OHD &lt;30 nmol/L drawn during sunny months (May–October) had a multivariable-adjusted fracture HR of 2.06 (95% CI, 1.27–3.35) compared with those with S-25OHD &gt;60 nmol/L; those with S-25OHD 30–40 nmol/L had an HR of 1.59 (95% CI, 1.12–2.26). In contrast, S-25OHD drawn during November through April was unrelated to fracture risk. The increased risk with low sunny season S-25OHD was seen only among women with body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 or fat mass index (FMI) ≥9.8 kg/m2. High fat mass and low S-25OHD were independently related to lower S-1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, which itself predicted fracture risk with samples collected during the sunny season. Irrespective of season, P-PTH was unrelated to fracture risk. We conclude that S-25OHD is associated with fracture risk only if drawn during periods of seasonally high levels in women with a high BMI. These results have implications for the evaluation of vitamin D status and can explain the lack of effect seen with vitamin D supplementation in many fracture trials. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
A functional three-dimensional microphysiological human model of myeloma bone disease
Authors: Visconti Richard J. , Kolaja Kyle , Cottrell Jessica A. 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACT
Human myeloma bone disease (MBD) occurs when malignant plasma cells migrate to the bone marrow and commence inimical interactions with stromal cells, disrupting the skeletal remodeling process. The myeloma cells simultaneously suppress osteoblastic bone formation while promoting excessive osteoclastic resorption. This bone metabolism imbalance produces osteolytic lesions that cause chronic bone pain and reduce trabecular and cortical bone structural integrity, and often culminate in pathological fractures. Few bone models exist that enable scientists to study MBD and the effect therapies have on restoring the bone metabolism imbalance. The purpose of this research was to develop a well characterized three-dimensional (3D) bone organoid that could be used to study MBD and current or potential treatment options. First, bone marrow stromal cell–derived osteoblasts (OBs) mineralized an endosteal-like extracellular matrix (ECM) over 21 days. Multiple analyses confirmed the generation of hydroxyapatite (HA)-rich bone-like tissue fragments that were abundant in alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and markers of osteoblastic gene expression. On day 22, bone marrow macrophage (BMM)–derived osteoclasts (OCs) were introduced to enhance the resorptive capability of the model and recapitulate the balanced homeostatic nature of skeletal remodeling. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAcP-5b), type I collagen C-telopeptide (CTX-1), and gene expression analysis confirmed OC activity in the normal 3D organoid (3D in vitro model of normal bonelike fragments [3D-NBF]). On day 30, a human multiple myeloma (MM)–derived plasmacytoma cell line was introduced to the 3D-NBF to generate the 3D-myeloma bone disease organoid (3D-MBD). After 12 days, the 3D-MBD had significantly reduced total HA, increased TRAcP-5b levels, increases levels of CTX-1, and decreased expression of osteoblastic genes. Therapeutic intervention with pharmaceutical agents including an immunomodulatory drug, a bisphosphonate, and monoclonal restored HA content and reduced free CTX-1 in a dose-dependent manner. This osteogenically functional model of MBD provides a novel tool to study biological mechanisms guiding the disease and to screen potential therapeutics. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
The vitellogenin genes in Cynops orientalis: New insights on the evolution of the vtg gene family in amphibians
Authors: Carducci Federica , Biscotti Maria A. , Canapa Adriana , Barucca Marco 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe vitellogenins (Vtgs) are glycolipophosphoproteins that play a key role in constituting nutritional reserves for embryo development in nonmammalian vertebrates. However, additional functional roles have been evidenced. These vtg genes are present in multiple copies, different in number and sequences in various vertebrate lineages. The comprehension of the vtg gene family evolutionary history remains a matter of intense interrogation for this field of research. In tetrapods, information about vtg genes are limited to few taxa. Up to date concerning amphibians, detailed studies have been conducted only in Anura. Therefore, in this study, to further increase knowledge about vtg genes in Amphibia class, the urodele Cynops orientalis (Amphibia: Caudata) was analyzed and four complete vtg sequences were obtained. Moreover, genomic data available for the caecilians Microcaecilia unicolor and Rhinatrema bivittatum (Amphibia: Gymnophiona) were also included. In these amphibians, our findings evidenced the presence of a vtgI sequence ortholog to that of tetrapods, absent in Anura. Moreover, microsyntenic, phylogenetic, and gene conversion analyses allowed postulating two hypotheses to explain the complex evolutionary history of this gene family.
A cost‐effectiveness analysis of lusutrombopag for thrombocytopenia in patients with chronic liver disease in Japan
Authors: Miki Norikane , Inoue Sachie , Shibahara Hidetoshi , Kurazono Kenji , Perard Rodolphe , Tateishi Ryosuke 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackground and AimThrombocytopenia is a frequent hematological condition in chronic liver disease (CLD) patients increasing the risk of bleeding in patients undergoing invasive procedures. Without an alternative, clinical guidelines recommended the use of platelet transfusion (PT) prior to procedure to prevent this bleeding risk. Lusutrombopag (LUSU), an orally active, small‐molecule thrombopoietin receptor agonist, was developed as an alternative to PT. The objective of this study was to evaluate a cost‐effectiveness of LUSU as a potential alternative to PT in Japan.MethodsA cost‐effectiveness analysis of LUSU relative to PT was conducted by a simulation model consisting of a decision tree combined to Markov model. Quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) were used as an indicator of efficacy, and the analysis was conducted from the Japanese public healthcare payer's perspective. The time horizon of the analysis was 50 years (a lifetime) and the discount rate was set at 2%.ResultsLUSU gained 6.1803 QALYs with an expected lifetime costs of 2 380 219 JPY compared to PT with 6.1712 QALYs gained and expected lifetime costs of 2 382 908 JPY. Thus, LUSU was deemed dominant compared with PT. Based on probabilistic analyses, the chance of LUSU being dominant and the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio being below 5 million JPY/QALY was estimated at 51.8% and 78.3%, respectively, demonstrating the robustness of the results.ConclusionsLUSU was evaluated as an efficacious and cost‐saving treatment option for Japanese CLD patients with thrombocytopenia who required a planned invasive procedure compared with PT and economically should be considered as an alternative treatment.
Surgical outcome of Mirizzi syndrome: Value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and laparoscopic procedures
Authors: Yeh Chun‐Nan , Wang Shang‐Yu , Liu Keng‐Hao , Yeh Ta‐Sen , Tsai Chun‐Yi , Tseng Jeng‐Hwei , Wu Chi‐Huan , Liu Nai‐Jen , Chu Yin‐Yi , Jan Yi‐Yin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) with associated procedures and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) have been the standard treatments for both common and rare biliary diseases. Mirizzi syndrome (MS) is a rare and complex biliary condition. We report our experience with MS treatment and investigate the value of laparoscopic procedures and ERCP in patient management.MethodsFrom 2004 to 2017, 100 consecutive patients with MS were diagnosed by ERCP and underwent surgery in a referral center. Sixty patients were treated with intended LC, and 40 patients were treated with open cholecystectomy (OC). The clinical manifestations, ERCP and associated procedures, surgical procedures, and postoperative outcomes were investigated.ResultsThe surgical mortality rate was 1%, while the surgical morbidity rate was 15%. The patients treated with intended LC suffered from less morbidity (5%). The percentage of postoperative residual biliary stones was 32% (n = 32), and only three patients underwent re‐operation (laparotomy) for stone removal. The laparotomy conversion rate in the intended LC group was 16.7% (10/60). The length of hospitalization for the patients with successful LC was significantly shorter than that for the patients with conversion and intended OC. Csendes classification was a risk factor for conversion from LC to OC (type I vs types II to V, P < .0001).ConclusionsA combination of a laparoscopic procedure and ERCP may provide therapeutic benefits for patients with MS.
Detrimental effect of intraoperative hypothermia on pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy: A single‐centre retrospective study
Authors: Ju Jae‐Woo , Park So Jung , Yoon Susie , Lee Ho‐Jin , Kim Hongbeom , Lee Hyung‐Chul , Kim Won Ho , Jang Jin‑Young 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough perioperative hypothermia was found to be associated with gastrointestinal anastomotic leakage in preclinical studies, its association with postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) following pancreaticoduodenectomy was never evaluated. We investigated the association between intraoperative hypothermia and clinically relevant (CR)‐POPF following pancreaticoduodenectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 2163 consecutive patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy during 2007‐2019. Based on intraoperative time‐weighted average core temperature, patients were grouped into normothermia (36.0‐37.5°C), mild hypothermia (35.0‐<36.0°C), and severe hypothermia (<35°C). We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis for CR‐POPF, a propensity score analysis using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to adjust the baseline differences between the three groups, followed by multivariable logistic regression with IPTW for CR‐POPF.ResultsAmong the 2008 patients analysed, 1118 (55.7%) and 120 (6.0%) had mild and severe hypothermia, respectively, and 14.2% overall incidence of CR‐POPF. Severe intraoperative hypothermia was significantly associated with CR‐POPF before and after IPTW (before: odds ratio [OR] 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03‐3.09, P = .038; after: OR 2.48, 95% CI: 1.28‐4.81, P = .007); however, mild hypothermia had no significant associations.ConclusionSevere intraoperative hypothermia is significantly associated with the occurrence of CR‐POPF following pancreaticoduodenectomy, suggesting that hypothermia is deleterious on pancreaticojejunal anastomotic healing.
Traveling Volunteers: A Multi‐Vendor, Multi‐Center Study on Reproducibility and Comparability of 4D Flow Derived Aortic Hemodynamics in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Demir Aylin , Wiesemann Stephanie , Erley Jennifer , Schmitter Sebastian , Trauzeddel Ralf Felix , Pieske Burkert , Hansmann Jochen , Kelle Sebastian , Schulz‐Menger Jeanette 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundImplementation of four‐dimensional flow magnetic resonance (4D Flow MR) in clinical routine requires awareness of confounders.PurposeTo investigate inter‐vendor comparability of 4D Flow MR derived aortic hemodynamic parameters, assess scan‐rescan repeatability, and intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility.Study TypeProspective multicenter study.PopulationFifteen healthy volunteers (age 24.5 ± 5.3 years, 8 females).Field Strength/Sequence3 T, vendor‐provided and clinically used 4D Flow MR sequences of each site.AssessmentForward flow volume, peak velocity, average, and maximum wall shear stress (WSS) were assessed via nine planes (P1–P9) throughout the thoracic aorta by a single observer (AD, 2 years of experience). Inter‐vendor comparability as well as scan‐rescan, intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility were examined.Statistical TestsEquivalence was tested setting the 95% confidence interval of intraobserver and scan‐rescan difference as the limit of clinical acceptable disagreement. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots were used for scan‐rescan reproducibility and intra‐ and interobserver agreement. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. ICCs ≥ 0.75 indicated strong correlation (>0.9: excellent, 0.75–0.9: good).ResultsTen volunteers finished the complete study successfully. 4D flow derived hemodynamic parameters between scanners of three different vendors are not equivalent exceeding the equivalence range. P3–P9 differed significantly between all three scanners for forward flow (59.1 ± 13.1 mL vs. 68.1 ± 12.0 mL vs. 55.4 ± 13.1 mL), maximum WSS (1842.0 ± 190.5 mPa vs. 1969.5 ± 398.7 mPa vs. 1500.6 ± 247.2 mPa), average WSS (1400.0 ± 149.3 mPa vs. 1322.6 ± 211.8 mPa vs. 1142.0 ± 198.5 mPa), and peak velocity between scanners I vs. III (114.7 ± 12.6 cm/s vs. 101.3 ± 15.6 cm/s). Overall, the plane location at the sinotubular junction (P1) presented most inter‐vendor stability (forward: 78.5 ± 15.1 mL vs. 80.3 ± 15.4 mL vs. 79.5 ± 19.9 mL [P = 0.368]; peak: 126.4 ± 16.7 cm/s vs. 119.7 ± 13.6 cm/s vs. 111.2 ± 22.6 cm/s [P = 0.097]). Scan‐rescan reproducibility and intra‐ and interobserver variability were good to excellent (ICC ≥ 0.8) with best agreement for forward flow (ICC ≥ 0.98).Data ConclusionThe clinical protocol used at three different sites led to differences in hemodynamic parameters assessed by 4D flow.Level of Evidence2Technical Efficacy Stage2
Mimicking partial to total placental insufficiency in a rabbit model of cerebral palsy
Authors: Shi Zhongjie , Luo Kehuan , Jani Sanket , February Melissa , Fernandes Nithi , Venkatesh Neha , Sharif Nadiya , Tan Sidhartha 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAll placental abruptions begin as partial abruptions, which sometimes manifest as fetal bradycardia. The progression from partial to total abruption was mimicked by a new rabbit model of placental insufficiency, and we compared it, with sufficient statistical power, with the previous model mimicking total placental abruption. The previous model uses total uterine ischemia at E22 or E25 (70% or 79% term, respectively), in pregnant New Zealand white rabbits for 40 min (Full H‐I). The new model, Partial+Full H‐I, added a 30‐min partial ischemia before the 40‐min total ischemia. Fetuses were delivered either at E31.5 (full term) vaginally for neurobehavior testing, or by C‐section at E25 for ex vivo brain cell viability evaluation. The onset of fetal bradycardia was within the first 2 min of either H‐I protocol. There was no difference between Full H‐I (n = 442 for E22, 312 for E25) and Partial+Full H‐I (n = 154 and 80) groups in death or severely affected kits at E22 (76% vs. 79%) or at E25 (66% vs. 64%), or normal kits at E22 or E25, or any of the individual newborn neurobehavioral tests at any age. No sex differences were found. Partial+Full H‐I (n = 6) showed less cell viability than Full H‐I (n = 8) at 72‐hr ex vivo in the brain regions studied. Partial+Full H‐I insult produced similar cerebral palsy phenotype as our previous Full H‐I model in a sufficiently powered study and may be more suitable for testing of potential neuroprotectants.
Complex changes of extreme precipitation in the warming climate of Poland
Authors: Pińskwar Iwona 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examined changes in observed precipitation extremes in Poland in 1959–2018. The study period was divided into two parts: 1959–1988 and 1989–2018, in order to examine whether extreme events have changed with warming. The return intervals (2‐; 5‐; 10‐ and 15‐year) of maximum 24 hr precipitation for autumn for period 1989–2018 have shortened in reference to 1959–1988. Also during spring, return periods of 2‐, 5‐ and 10‐year have decreased, while for winter: 10‐ and 15‐year return intervals have shortened. Exceedance analysis above the values of the 95th and 99th percentiles of precipitation during rainy days for the reference period 1971–2000 jointly with daily mean temperatures above 5°C was conducted in two ways. Using one threshold for all the temperature ranges, the number of days above the 95th (99th) percentile for years 1989–2018 was found to be lower (higher) than for 1959–1988. Examination of values above the highest percentiles for every temperature range separately indicated that the number of days above both percentiles decreased while the mean intensity increased for 1989–2018. Total precipitation amount above the 95th percentile decreased, but above the 99th percentile increased. Also, finally the sensitivity of precipitation to temperature was examined: the scaling factor was calculated on the basis of pairs of 99th percentile of precipitation and daily mean temperature above 5°C and results show higher values for the warmer period, 1989–2018 (6.06%/°C) in comparison to 1959–1988 (5.26%/°C). Also, the relationship of four indices of precipitation with annual mean temperature was obtained with rather negative results and association with annual dew point temperature, where positive values of the Pearson correlation dominated. The results obtained in this study indicate increases in more extreme precipitation, that is, in 99th more than in 95th percentile, along with the progressing global warming.