bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrition delivery after emergency laparotomy in surgical ward: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Nurkkala Juho , Lahtinen Sanna , Ylimartimo Aura , Kaakinen Timo , Vakkala Merja , Koskela Marjo , Liisanantti Janne 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeAdequate nutrition after major abdominal surgery is associated with less postoperative complications and shorter hospital length of stay (LOS) after elective procedures, but there is a lack of studies focusing on the adequacy of nutrition after emergency laparotomies (EL). The aim of the present study was to investigate nutrition adequacy after EL in surgical ward.MethodsThe data from 405 adult patients who had undergone emergency laparotomy in Oulu University Hospital (OUH) between years 2015 and 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Nutrition delivery and complications during first 10 days after the operation were evaluated.ResultsThere was a total of 218 (53.8%) patients who were able to reach cumulative 80% nutrition adequacy during the first 10 postoperative days. Patients with adequate nutrition (> 80% of calculated calories) met the nutritional goals by the second postoperative day, whereas patients with low nutrition delivery (< 80% of calculated calories) increased their caloric intake during the first 5 postoperative days without reaching the 80% level. In multivariate analysis, postoperative ileus [4.31 (2.15–8.62),P < 0.001], loss of appetite [3.59 (2.18–5.93),P < 0.001] and higher individual energy demand [1.004 (1.003–1.006),P = 0.001] were associated with not reaching the 80% nutrition adequacy.ConclusionsInadequate nutrition delivery is common during the immediate postoperative period after EL. Oral nutrition is the most efficient way to commence nutrition in this patient group in surgical ward. Nutritional support should be closely monitored for those patients unable to eat.Trial registration numberNot applicable.
Clinical performance of long axial field of view PET/CT: a head-to-head intra-individual comparison of the Biograph Vision Quadra with the Biograph Vision PET/CT
Authors: Alberts Ian , Hünermund Jan-Niklas , Prenosil George , Mingels Clemens , Bohn Karl Peter , Viscione Marco , Sari Hasan , Vollnberg Bernd , Shi Kuangyu , Afshar-Oromieh Ali , Rominger Axel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the performance of the new long axial field-of-view (LAFOV) Biograph Vision Quadra PET/CT and a standard axial field-of-view (SAFOV) Biograph Vision 600 PET/CT (both: Siemens Healthineers) system using an intra-patient comparison.

Methods
Forty-four patients undergoing routine oncological PET/CT were prospectively included and underwent a same-day dual-scanning protocol following a single administration of either 18F-FDG (n = 20), 18F-PSMA-1007 (n = 16) or 68Ga-DOTA-TOC (n = 8). Half the patients first received a clinically routine examination on the SAFOV (FOVaxial 26.3 cm) in continuous bed motion and then immediately afterwards on the LAFOV system (10-min acquisition in list mode, FOVaxial 106 cm); the second half underwent scanning in the reverse order. Comparisons between the LAFOV at different emulated scan times (by rebinning list mode data) and the SAFOV were made for target lesion integral activity, signal to noise (SNR), target lesion to background ratio (TBR) and visual image quality.

Results
Equivalent target lesion integral activity to the SAFOV acquisitions (16-min duration for a 106 cm FOV) were obtained on the LAFOV in 1.63 ± 0.19 min (mean ± standard error). Equivalent SNR was obtained by 1.82 ± 1.00 min LAFOV acquisitions. No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in TBR were observed even for 0.5 min LAFOV examinations. Subjective image quality rated by two physicians confirmed the 10 min LAFOV to be of the highest quality, with equivalence between the LAFOV and the SAFOV at 1.8 ± 0.85 min. By analogy, if the LAFOV scans were maintained at 10 min, proportional reductions in applied radiopharmaceutical could obtain equivalent lesion integral activity for activities under 40 MBq and equivalent doses for the PET component of <1 mSv.

Conclusion
Improved image quality, lesion quantification and SNR resulting from higher sensitivity were demonstrated for an LAFOV system in a head-to-head comparison under clinical conditions. The LAFOV system could deliver images of comparable quality and lesion quantification in under 2 min, compared to routine SAFOV acquisition (16 min for equivalent FOV coverage). Alternatively, the LAFOV system could allow for low-dose examination protocols. Shorter LAFOV acquisitions (0.5 min), while of lower visual quality and SNR, were of adequate quality with respect to target lesion identification, suggesting that ultra-fast or low-dose acquisitions can be acceptable in selected settings.
Card-Based Cryptography Meets Formal Verification
Authors: Koch Alexander , Schrempp Michael , Kirsten Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCard-based cryptography provides simple and practicable protocols for performing secure multi-party computation with just a deck of cards. For the sake of simplicity, this is often done using cards with only two symbols, e.g., $$\clubsuit $$
♣
and $$\heartsuit $$
♡
. Within this paper, we also target the setting where all cards carry distinct symbols, catering for use-cases with commonly available standard decks and a weaker indistinguishability assumption. As of yet, the literature provides for only three protocols and no proofs for non-trivial lower bounds on the number of cards. As such complex proofs (handling very large combinatorial state spaces) tend to be involved and error-prone, we propose using formal verification for finding protocols and proving lower bounds. In this paper, we employ the technique of software bounded model checking (SBMC), which reduces the problem to a bounded state space, which is automatically searched exhaustively using a SAT solver as a backend. Our contribution is threefold: (a) we identify two protocols for converting between different bit encodings with overlapping bases, and then show them to be card-minimal. This completes the picture of tight lower bounds on the number of cards with respect to runtime behavior and shuffle properties of conversion protocols. For computing AND, we show that there is no protocol with finite runtime using four cards with distinguishable symbols and fixed output encoding, and give a four-card protocol with an expected finite runtime using only random cuts. (b) We provide a general translation of proofs for lower bounds to a bounded model checking framework for automatically finding card- and run-minimal (i.e., the protocol has a run of minimal length) protocols and to give additional confidence in lower bounds. We apply this to validate our method and, as an example, confirm our new AND protocol to have its shortest run for protocols using this number of cards. (c) We extend our method to also handle the case of decks on symbols $$\clubsuit $$
♣
and $$\heartsuit $$
♡
, where we show run-minimality for two AND protocols from the literature.
Tau oligomers accumulation sensitizes prostate cancer cells to docetaxel treatment
Authors: Martellucci Stefano , Clementi Letizia , Sabetta Samantha , Muzi Paola , Mattei Vincenzo , Bologna Mauro , Angelucci Adriano 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Human tau is a highly dynamic, multifunctional protein expressed in different isoforms and conformers, known to modulate microtubule turnover. Tau oligomers are considered pathologic forms of the protein able to initiate specific protein accumulation diseases, called tauopathies. In our study, we investigated the potential association between autophagy and tau oligomers accumulation and its role in the response of prostate cancer cells to docetaxel.

Methods
We evaluated in vitro the expression of tau oligomers in prostate cancer cell lines, PC3 and DU145, in presence of autophagy inhibitors and investigated the role of tau oligomers accumulation in resistance to docetaxel treatment.

Results
Tau protein was basally expressed in prostate cancer lines as several monomeric and oligomeric forms. The pharmacologic inhibition of autophagy induced in cancer cells the accumulation of tau protein, with a prevalent expression of oligomeric forms. Immunofluorescence analysis of untreated cells revealed that tau was visible mainly in dividing cells where it was localized on the mitotic spindle. Inhibition of autophagy determined an evident upregulation of tau signal in dividing cells and the presence of aberrant monoastral mitotic spindles. The accumulation of tau oligomers was associated with DNA DSB and increased cytotoxic effect by docetaxel.

Conclusions
Our data indicate that autophagy could exert a promoting role in cancer growth and during chemotherapy facilitating degradation of tau protein and thus blocking the antimitotic effect of accumulated tau oligomers. Thus, therapeutic strategies aimed at stimulating tau oligomers formation, such as autophagy inhibition, could be an effective adjuvant in cancer therapy.
Risk factors for need of reoperation in bilateral chronic subdural haematomas
Authors: Zolfaghari Shaian , Bartek Jiri , Djärf Felix , Wong San-San , Strom Isabelle , Ståhl Nils , Jakola Asgeir S. , Nittby Redebrandt Henrietta 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic subdural haematoma (CSDH) is one of the most common neurosurgical diseases. A subtype of CSDH is bilateral chronic subdural haematoma (bCSDH) which represents 20–25% of patients with CSDH and has a higher recurrence rate. There is no clear consensus on how bCSDH should be treated regarding upfront unilateral- or bilateral evacuation of both haematomas. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors associated with reoperation of bCSDH.

Methods
A total of 326 patients with radiological evidence of bCSDH were included in this retrospective cohort study where 133 (40.8%) patients underwent primary bilateral evacuation and 193 (59.2%) primary unilateral evacuation. The two centres operated using different surgical approaches. Analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with reoperation of bCSDH. Reoperation rate was defined as reoperation of CSDH on either side of the hemisphere within 3 months after primary evacuation.

Results
The cohort had a total reoperation rate of 26.4%. Patients which underwent unilateral evacuation had a reoperation rate of 32.1%, and the bilateral group had a reoperation rate of 18.0% (p=0.005). Multivariable logistic regression identified unilateral evacuation (OR 1.91, p=0.022) and complications according to Ibanez (OR 2.20, p=0.032) to be associated with the need of reoperation of bCSDH. One-burr hole craniostomy with active subgaleal drain was primarily performed in bilateral approach (69.4%) whereas patients operated with minicraniotomy with passive subdural drain were primarily operated by unilateral evacuation of the larger symptomatic side (92.8%).

Conclusions
Unilateral evacuation of bCSDH was associated with a higher risk for reoperation than upfront bilateral evacuations in this study. There is a need to further discuss the criteria for uni- or bilateral evacuation since patients are treated differently at different centres.
Die Wirkung von GRW-Investitionszuschüssen — ein Beitrag zum Aufholprozess?
Authors: Dettmann Eva , Brachert Matthias , Schneider Lutz , Titze Mirko 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Gemeinschaftsaufgabe „Verbesserung der regionalen Wirtschaftsstruktur“ (GRW) ist das wichtigste regionalpolitische Programm in Deutschland und wurde nach der Wiedervereinigung in großem Umfang zur Unterstützung des wirtschaftlichen Transformationsprozesses in den neuen Bundesländern eingesetzt. Ein Überblick über nationale und internationale kausalanalytische Studien zur Wirkung von Investitionszuschüssen zeigt, dass solche Programme positive Effekte auf die Entwicklung insbesondere von Beschäftigung und Einkommen haben. Nicht nur die geförderten Betriebe profitieren von der Unterstützung, sondern die Regionen insgesamt. Auch wenn die Studien nicht bis in die frühen 1990er Jahre zurückreichen, kann man daraus schließen, dass die GRW zur wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung in Ostdeutschland beigetragen hat – und zum Aufholprozess.
Single arm, phase two study of low-dose metronomic eribulin in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Chalasani Pavani , Farr Kiah , Wu Vicky , Jenkins Isaac , Liu Alex , Parker Stephanie , Gadi Vijayakrishna K. , Specht Jennifer , Linden Hannah 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Treatment options for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) refractory to anthracyclines and taxanes are limited. In a phase III trial, eribulin demonstrated a significant improvement in overall survival compared to treatment of physician’s choice, but had limited tolerability because of neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy. Based on prior studies of alternative treatment schedules with other therapies, we hypothesized that a low-dose metronomic schedule of eribulin would permit patients to remain on treatment more consistently without treatment delays, resulting in longer time to progression, and improved toxicity profile.

Methods
We conducted a multi-site single arm, phase II trial patients with MBC. All patients were treated with metronomic eribulin (0.9 mg/m2 administered intravenously on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle.) Treatment was continued until the patient developed disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or chose to stop the study. Patients must have had prior taxane exposure. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival. Secondary end points were overall survival, response rate, and clinical benefit rate. Exploratory biomarkers were performed to analyze change in levels of circulating endothelial cells (CECs), circulating endothelial precursors, and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) with response to therapy.

Findings
We consented 86 patients and 59 were evaluable for final analysis. Median age was 59 years; 78% had HER2 negative tumors. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.5 months with overall survival (OS) of 14.3 months. Objective response rate was 15% with clinical benefit rate of 48%. Reported grade 3 neutropenia and peripheral neuropathy were 18% and 5%, respectively. Treatment discontinuation due to toxicity was seen in 3% of patients.

Interpretation
Metronomic weekly low-dose eribulin is an active and tolerable regimen with significantly less myelosuppression, alopecia, and peripheral neuropathy than is seen with the approved dose and schedule, allowing longer duration of use and disease control, with similar outcomes compared to the standard dose regimen.
Statistical modeling processes through the lens of instrumental genesis
Authors: van Dijke-Droogers Marianne , Drijvers Paul , Bakker Arthur 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDigital technology is indispensable for doing and learning statistics. When technology is used in mathematics education, the learning of concepts and the development of techniques for using a digital tool are known to intertwine. So far, this intertwinement of techniques and conceptual understanding, known as instrumental genesis, has received little attention in research on technology-supported statistics education. This study focuses on instrumental genesis for statistical modeling, investigating students’ modeling processes in a digital environment called TinkerPlots. In particular, we analyzed how emerging techniques and conceptual understanding intertwined in the instrumentation schemes that 28 students (aged 14–15) develop. We identified six common instrumentation schemes and observed a two-directional intertwining of emerging techniques and conceptual understanding. Techniques for using TinkerPlots helped students to reveal context-independent patterns that fostered a conceptual shift from a modelofto a modelfor. Vice versa, students’ conceptual understanding led to the exploration of more sophisticated digital techniques. We recommend researchers, educators, designers, and teachers involved in statistics education using digital technology to attentively consider this two-directional intertwined relationship.
Networking frameworks: a method for analyzing the complexities of classroom cultures focusing on justifying
Authors: Thanheiser Eva , Melhuish Kathleen , Sugimoto Amanda , Rosencrans Brenda , Heaton Ruth 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we network five frameworks (cognitive demand, lesson cohesion, cognitive engagement, collective argumentation, and student contribution) for an analytic approach that allows us to present a more holistic picture of classrooms which engage students in justifying. We network these frameworks around the edges of the instructional triangle as a means to coordinate them to illustrate the observable relationships among teacher, students(s), and content. We illustrate the potential of integrating these frameworks via analysis of two lessons that, while sharing surface level similarities, are profoundly different when considering the complexities of a classroom focused on justifying. We found that this integrated comparison across all dimensions (rather than focusing on just one or two) was a useful way to compare lessons with respect to a classroom culture that is characterized by students engaging in justifying.
Multi-environmental evaluation of winter oilseed rape genotypic performance using mixed models
Authors: Bocianowski Jan , Liersch Alina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe production of winter oilseed rape (WOSR) (Brassica napus) together with increasing seed yields per hectare is one of the strategies for breeding the genetic base of oilseed rape genotypes adapted to different environments. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the genotypic performance of 25 winter oilseed rape genotypes using mixed models. The plant material was examined in five locations in Poland. Field trials were carried out in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The REML/BLUP was used to estimate genetic parameters. Selection of genotypes was made on the basis of genetic values by the harmonic mean of relative performance these parameters. The mean heritability for genotype had an average value at a high accuracy of selection, while additionally it facilitated selection of agronomically superior individuals. Three restorer lines PN18, PN17 and PN21, CMS ogura line PN64 as well as hybrids PN66 × PN21 and PN64 × PN21 characterized good adaptability and stability of seed yield. There were similarities among the statistics ($$\hat{\mu } + \hat{g}$$

μ
^

+

g
^

), adaptability and stability of genetic values in the discrimination of the most productive genotypes by best linear unbiased predictor analysis. Mixed models can be recommended as a potential selection method for the inclusion of new plant material in different oilseed rape breeding programs aimed at developing new WOSR cultivars.
Measurement of inequality of opportunity: A normative approach
Authors: Bosmans Kristof , Öztürk Z. Emel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe develop a normative approach to the measurement of inequality of opportunity. That is, we measure inequality of opportunity by the welfare gain obtained in moving from the actual income distribution to the optimal income distribution of the total available income. Our study brings together the main approaches in the literature: we axiomatically characterize social welfare functions, we obtain prominent allocation rules as their optima, and we derive familiar classes of inequality of opportunity measures. Our analysis captures moreover the key philosophical distinctions in the literature: ex post versus ex ante compensation, and liberal versus utilitarian reward.
Intracardiac hydatid cyst located in right ventricular outflow tract: a rare site
Authors: Gupta Aviral , Mishra Sarvesh C. , Jaiswal Sushila , Pande Shantanu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntracardiac hydatid cyst is relatively uncommon and involvement of right ventricular outflow tract is extremely rare. We report a rare case of intracardiac hydatid cyst involving the right ventricular outflow tract and do a review of literature.
Disaster Tales as Communication Tool for Increasing Risk Resilience
Authors: Mazzoglio Paola , Macchia Stefano , Gallo Enrico , Winter Julia , Claps Pierluigi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAgencies in charge of flood management use disaster reports (DRs) as the preferred source of information on past flooding events. A systematic survey of DRs prepared by Italian agencies suggests that DRs could be widely enhanced in view of targeting more effective communication to citizens, reinforcing the communication pillar in civil protection planning and management, and improving the resilience of the population to extreme events. Without loss of the rigor and details required for all the usual technical uses of DRs, we suggest recompiling them in the form of “disaster tales” (DTs), as tools that offer wider knowledge of the events to improve people’s preparedness and self-protection behavior. Recent major flooding events have demonstrated the communication potential that videos and pictures taken by citizens have for risk perception and disaster preparedness. By watching and listening to what has happened the communication recipient can better understand the feelings of the people experiencing an emergency. The structure of the improved reports, we suggest, will finally integrate data, graphs, and maps with interactive tools and be able to present handier multimedia views of the events. Application to three case studies of flooding in Italy illustrates how to concretely implement the suggested disaster reports to create more readily accessible disaster tales.
Nitrate Supply Routes and Impact of Internal Cycling in the North Atlantic Ocean Inferred From Nitrate Isotopic Composition
Authors: Deman F. , Fonseca‐Batista D. , Roukaerts A. , García‐Ibáñez M. I. , Le Roy E. , Thilakarathne E. P. D. N. , Elskens M. , Dehairs F. , Fripiat F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study we report full‐depth water column profiles for nitrogen and oxygen isotopic composition (δ15N and δ18O) of nitrate (NO3−) during the GEOTRACES GA01 cruise (2014). This transect intersects the double gyre system of the subtropical and subpolar regions of the North Atlantic separated by a strong transition zone, the North Atlantic Current. The distribution of NO3− δ15N and δ18O shows that assimilation by phytoplankton is the main process controlling the NO3− isotopic composition in the upper 150 m, with values increasing in a NO3− δ18O versus δ15N space along a line with a slope of one toward the surface. In the subpolar gyre, a single relationship between the degree of NO3− consumption and residual NO3− δ15N supports the view that NO3− is supplied via Ekman upwelling and deep winter convection, and progressively consumed during the Ekman transport of surface water southward. The co‐occurrence of partial NO3− assimilation and nitrification in the deep mixed layer of the subpolar gyre elevates subsurface NO3− δ18O in comparison to deep oceanic values. This signal propagates through isopycnal exchanges to greater depths at lower latitudes. With recirculation in the subtropical gyre, cycles of quantitative consumption‐nitrification progressively decrease subsurface NO3− δ18O toward the δ18O of regenerated NO3−. The low NO3− δ15N observed south of the Subarctic Front is mostly explained by N2 fixation, although a contribution from the Mediterranean outflow is required to explain the lower NO3− δ15N signal observed between 600 and 1500 m depth close to the Iberian margin.