bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiological and Neurobehavioral Identification of Propionic Acid‐mediated Autism‐mimetic Rat Model
Authors: Lee Seunghoon , Hong Yonggeun 
Published: June 2021

ASD is a heritable neurodevelopmental disorder with poorly understood and complex etiology. The purpose of this study is to construct autism mimetic animal models, and to establish how to create autism‐mimetic animal models and the standard indicators, through a comparison between the autism clinical aspects, pathophysiological and neurobehavioral alteration. 22 male SD rats were employed and randomly divided the control and propionic acid (500mg/kg) treated rats groups. The rats were subjected behavioral tests, gene expression, and histological analysis for pathophysiological and neurobehavioral alteration. PPA‐treated rats were significantly reduced exploring activity, non‐aggressive behaviors, whereas enhanced aggressive behavior (**p<0.01). Proinflammatory cytokine, TNF‐a was continuously upregulated PPA‐treated rats hippocampus following time‐dependent (**p<0.01). Expression of GFAP was significantly augmented at day 14 after PPA treatment (**p<0.01). In histological evaluation, PPA‐treated rats were significantly reduced diameter of granular cells and thickness of granular cell layer rather than control rats (**p<0.01). We suggest that PPA administration could induce a critical role of proinflammatory cytokine elevation and abnormal neural cells organization, which reveal autism‐mimic neurobehaviors, including increment of aggressive behavior, reduction of exploring activity, and exclusive and passive behavior.Funding: 2012R1A1A2005089, 2013R1A2A2A01067169, KGM4611512
Polymorphisms in rs 13181 of ERCC2 gene in the personnel of Stepnogorsk gorno chemiches kombinat, Kazakhstan
Authors: Balmukhanov T.S , Kazymbet P.K. , Toltaev B.S. 
Published: June 2021

The possibility of mutations in human somatic cells induced by action of radiation in low doses is a subject of investigations and discussion. The protein encoded by ERCC2 (XPD) gene is involved in transcription‐coupled nucleotide excision repair and is associated with some types of cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of chronic action of radiation in low doses to the level of the single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA of the personnel of uranium enrichment plant, Akmola, Kazakhstan. The sample set consisted of 234 (52–Kazakhs, 182–Russians) men workers of and the control group includes 289 (129–Kazakhs, 160–Russians). Genotyping was performed by restriction fragments length polymorphism analysis of PCR products of the rs13181 site (T/G) of (T/G) of ERCC2 gene using PstI. In the case‐control studythe allele frequencies and genotypes distribution were compared in the groups of personnel and controlsusing STATISTICA v. 5.0 software.The differences in allele frequencies and genotypes distribution in the groups of personnel and controls were evaluated neither in Kazakh nor in Russian groups. At the next stage comparing of allele frequencies and genotypes distribution was performed in the subgroups of the workers divided according accumulated dose: less than 40 mZv, 40‐100 mZv.The differences were found in genotype distribution only in the group of 50 Russian workers with accumulated dose 40–100 mZv compared with 100 of controls: χ2=6.796, p=0.033, OR=1.363, 95%CI=0.844‐2.201. The group of persons who accumulated dose more than 100 mZv encountered only 5 persons and was not included in calculations.
An investigation into practical exercise strategies to offset the negative impact of 12h of sitting on glycaemic control
Authors: Brooks Naomi , Henderson Deborah , Tipton Kevin , Hamilton David Lee 
Published: June 2021

Recent evidence suggests that there is a dose‐response association between sitting time and mortality. It has been reported that breaking up sitting time improves glycaemic control. The AIM of this study was to compare 12h sitting (SIT) with two interventions to influence sedentary time – a bout of resistance exercise prior to 12h sitting (RE) and 6min walk/hour of 12h sitting (WALK).MethodsHealthy, active males took part in 3 trials. SIT: 12h sitting without any physical activity. RE: one bout of Resistance Exercise (4 x 10 reps; 75% 1RM) followed by 12h sitting. WALK: 12h sitting with bouts of walking (6min/hr; 40‐59% VO2max). Caloric intake remained similar between trials. The morning following each trial (12h post), blood samples collected at baseline and 15, 30, 45, 90 and 120 mins following an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test drink. Glucose and insulin measures [MATSUDA, HOMA‐IR, Area Under Curve (AUC)] were analysed.ResultsParticipants were young, fit individuals with VO2max of 57.4 ± 2.0 ml/kg/min and ~ 6 ± 0.8 hrs/week activity. Matsuda and HOMA‐IR were not significantly different between trials and participants remained in the healthy category for each even after 12h sitting. There were no significant differences in AUC for glucose (SIT: 150 ± 31, RE: 141 ± 28, WALK: 179 ± 29), but there was a trend for a reduction in AUC for insulin in WALK compared to SIT (SIT: 5346 ± 745, RE 4685 ± 809, WALK: 4308 ± 678; p<0.09).ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that neither antecedent resistance exercise nor 6min/hr of brisk walking is sufficient to improve glucose tolerance in the face of 12 hrs of sitting. Further research is needed to optimise exercise strategies to offset the negative effects of prolonged sitting.
Morphological characteristics of bronchial asthma in children
Authors: Razumov Sergey A. , Starosvetova Ekaterina N. , Skuchalina Lubov 
Published: June 2021

Bronchial asthma is a common multifactorial disease in children requiring long‐term therapy to achieve control, focuses on the need for anti‐inflammatory therapy, regardless of the severity of clinical manifestations.Material47 children have been examined with diagnosis – bronchial asthma during exacerbations (4), the rest ‐ in the period of clinical well‐being. 26 children expressed medium‐heavy course (55.3%), severe ‐ in 21 children (44.7%). The average age of the patients was 5,0±2,4 (30 boys and 17 girls aged from 2 to 14 years), duration of the disease 4,05±3.1. All children had symptoms of the disease all year ‐ round, remission lasted no more than 4‐5 months per year.Changes of bronchial mucosa have been revealed during the fibrobronchoscopy of children with asthma in all cases. Frequency of atrophic/subatrophic symptoms has been increased and hyperplasia/hypertrophy is decreased with increasing duration of the disease. Symptoms atrophy subatrophy mucous found in 55.3% of cases. Signs of atrophy often determined on the right, sometimes on both sides or on the left. Pathological secretion in the bronchi found in 40 patients (85.1%), and in attack period in all cases and in remission ‐ in 80.8%. A microscopic and microbiological examination of broncho‐alveolar fluid has been conducted. Elevated levels of neutrophils to 12,6±0,07% to 17,5±2,2% and reduced ‐ macrophages with 24,8±1,6% to 20.7±0,8% (p<0.05) have been found with increasing severity of asthma. Morphological analysis of bronchobiopsy in patients with asthma found that the heavy course is characterized with more intense sloughing of the mucosa and thickening of the basement membrane ‐ as a biological marker of disease severity.
Hypoglossal long term facilitation shifts the power spectral density to higher frequencies
Authors: ElMallah Mai , Stanley David , Fuller David 
Published: June 2021

The frequency content of electrical activity in respiratory nerves shows distinct bands of increased content (power). Above approximately 75 Hz these bands show coherence across different respiratory nerves suggesting a pre‐synaptic mechanism. Since most evidence indicates that the mechanism(s) of intermittent hypoxia‐induced long‐term facilitation (LTF) are post‐synaptic, we hypothesized that the hypoglossal (XII) spectral content above 75 Hz would remain stable during LTF in urethane anesthetized, vagotomized and ventilated adult 129SVE mice. When arterial O2 saturation (SaO2) was held at >97% the XII power spectrum and burst amplitude were unchanged for 90 min. Three 1‐min hypoxic episodes (SaO2=50±10), however, caused a persistent (>60 min) and very robust (>400%) amplitude increase. 60 min following intermittent hypoxia, spectral analyses revealed decreased power over 20‐50 Hz (P<0.05) and a substantial increase at 150‐200 Hz (P<0.05). Thus, the hypothesis was rejected, and we conclude that LTF in this preparation is associated with increased high frequency content of the XII neurogram.Funding: Parker B. Francis Fellowship and 1 K08 HD077040‐01A1 (MKE), 2R01HD052682‐06A1 (DDF).
Functional state screening evaluation of several major systems of the organism among teenagers
Authors: Slivkina Nataliya 
Published: June 2021

Screening evaluation of the cardio‐respiratory system functional state and a complex of pre‐nosological diagnostics among teenagers and youth are worked out in this research.A total number of 1155 people: 571 youths and 584 senior‐school pupils at the age of 15 ‐ 16 ‐ were examined.A differentiated study of screen‐testing methods of checking cardio‐vascular and respiratory systems among teenagers and youth revealed low value coronary blood circulation index and low functional testing exponents young men in 68.00±1.95% and 57.0±2,07% cases accordingly Vitality rate index deterioration is stated in 58.50±2,06%cases.There were found 68,0±2,69% cases of coronary blood circulation decline indices among those who were examined and low‐functional testing exposed in 53.00±2.88% cases, vitality rate index deterioration is revealed in 47.80±2.88% of selectees.There was determined a direct interdependence between the cardio‐ respiratory system state and that of psycho‐emotional and immune system status.Regular physical training exercises of aerobic trend, as well as health‐ hardening procedures might improve cardio‐respiratory and immune system indices positive dynamics of psychological state was also noticed.The computerized program “Semi‐automatic system of health express ‐ monitoring for teenagers and young men” gives a chance to reveal functional resources deterioration of the organism among young men and duly use purposeful healthcare prevention measures and also to become the first stage in the dispensary system.
Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibition in Sitotroga cerealella Olivier Exposed to Biopesticides
Authors: Adeyemo Adenike , Nwanna Esther , Shodehinde Sidiqat 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThe Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) is one of the serious primary pests of grain and its infestation starts in the field. Many spices are known for their medicinal properties and are also used in pest management especially on stored product insect pests to ensuring food security. However, there is dearth of information on the molecular mechanism by which these botanicals killed targeted insects especially on stored products pests.In this study, extracts of Aframomum melegueta were assessed for inhibition of butrylcholinesterase (BuchE) in S. cerealella. The assessment of butrylcholinesterase enzyme inhibition was carried out by using a colorimetric method based on Ellman's reaction.ResultsFor the seed extracts, maximum inhibitory activity was observed in n–hexane at 5% (65.00) % and (60.00) % for the leaf extract. However, for the leaf extracts, minimum inhibition of 58.33 % was obtained in petroleum ether extract while the lowest inhibition of 58.33 % was also observed in petroleum ether extracts of the seeds. These results showed that there could be great potential to search for novel usage of this medicinal plant for butrylcholinesterase compounds.ConclusionKnowledge about the inhibitory activities of this biopesticide against S. cerealella should be a vital area of interest important because of its importance in Integrated Pest Management for both scientists and biopesticides manufacturers.
Effects of Avocado Oil on Kidney Mitochondrial Function and Proteinuria in Type II‐Diabetic Rats
Authors: Ortiz‐Avila Omar , Figueroa‐Garcia Maria del Consuelo , Lopez‐Alvarez Arnoldo , Campos‐Garcia Jesus , Saavedra‐Molina Alfredo , Cortes‐Rojo Christian 
Published: June 2021

Previously, we have demonstrated that avocado oil (AO) supplementation on diabetic rats prevents the impairment in complex III activity in kidney mitochondria and decrease ROS production. However, the relation between these effects and improvement of both mitochondrial respiration and kidney function remains unclear. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of AO on proteinuria and mitochondrial function from kidneys of Goto‐Kakizaki (GK) rats, a model of type‐II diabetes. At 3 months of age, proteinuria increased 55% in GK rats and this effect was prevented by AO; however, at 6 months, AO supplementation did not decreased proteinuria. Regarding to mitochondrial function, respiratory control ratios (RCR) in kidney mitochondria from GK rats was 50% lower at 3 and 6 months. In both cases, AO induced 16% and 182.2% increases in RCR values, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential decreased 70% in GK rats at 3 months and this effect was not prevented by the treatment with AO, while at 6 months, no differences were observed in this parameter between the different groups. Together, these results suggest that AO delays thedevelopment ofproteinuria in association with improved kidney mitochondrial function.Acknowledgements: this work was done with the financial support of grants from Programa de Investigación 2015 de la Coordinación de la Investigación Científica de la UMSNH (CIC‐UMSNH) (CCR)
Defining Skin Quality: Clinical Relevance, Terminology, and Assessment
Authors: Humphrey Shannon , Manson Brown Stephanie , Cross Sarah J. , Mehta Rahul 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND
Flawless skin is one of the most universally desired features, and demand for improvements in skin quality is growing rapidly. Skin quality has been shown to substantially impact emotional health, quality of life, self-perception, and interactions with others. Although skin quality improvements are a common end point in studies of cosmeceuticals, they are rarely assessed in clinical studies of other aesthetic treatments and products. Descriptive terminology for skin quality parameters also varies considerably within the aesthetic field, relying on a range of redundant and occasionally contradictory descriptors. In short, skin quality has not been clearly defined.

OBJECTIVE
The goal of this review is to highlight the importance of skin quality to patients and physicians, explore known and unknown factors comprising skin quality, and provide clarity regarding terminology, descriptors, and evaluation tools for assessing skin quality.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A review of the literature on skin quality was performed without limitation on publication date. Relevant articles are presented.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
We propose a framework of attributes contributing to skin quality rooted in 3 fundamental categories—visible, mechanical, and topographical—with the aim to provide information to help guide clinicians and inform future clinical studies.
Patient Outcomes and Satisfaction After Mohs Micrographic Surgery in Patients With Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
Authors: Lee Erica B. , Ford Aubree , Clarey Dillon , Wysong Ashley , Sutton Adam V. 
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND
Quality in medicine is increasingly being measured through patient-reported outcome measures. Given the rising incidence and costs for nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) treatment, it is imperative to define quality measures specific to dermatologic surgery.

OBJECTIVE
This study aims to evaluate patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction with Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) together with patient and tumor factors to better define their use in developing treatment strategies and quality measures.

METHODS AND MATERIALS
A prospective study was conducted among 226 patients undergoing MMS for treatment of NMSC. Patient demographics, quality of life, functional status, satisfaction, and prognostic factors were gathered. Postoperative outcomes were measured at 1 month and included patient-reported problems and provider-reported complications. Relationships between patient factors and outcomes were evaluated through statistical analysis.

RESULTS
Average patient satisfaction in the domain of general satisfaction of the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18 was 4.34 of 5. General patient satisfaction did not differ across age, final defect size, sex, or prognostic scores. At 1-month postoperatively, 97 percent of patients expressed willingness to undergo future MMS if indicated.

CONCLUSION
Patients are generally satisfied with MMS for treatment of NMSC. Specific patient factors that may affect satisfaction include smoking status and anticoagulation use.
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim-induced liver injury and genetic polymorphisms of NAT2 and CYP2C9 in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Yi-Shin , Tseng Shao-Yu , Chang Tien-En , Perng Chin-Lin , Huang Yi-Hsiang 
Published: June 2021

Objectives
Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SMX-TMP) is one of the most frequently used antibiotics. SMX is metabolized by N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) to nontoxic or toxic intermediates. Little is known about the association between genetic variations of these enzymes and SMX-TMP-induced liver injury (SILI). The aim of this study was to explore the genetic polymorphisms of NAT2 and CYP2C9 and the susceptibility to SILI in a Han Chinese population.

Methods
A total of 158 patients with SILI and 145 controls were recruited in this study. PCR-based genotyping with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight was used to assay the major NAT2 and CYP2C9 genotypes including NAT2 rs1495741, rs1041983, rs1801280, CYP2C9 rs1799853, rs1057910 and rs4918758.

Results
The SILI group had a higher frequency of the NAT2 rs1495741 variant AA genotype and rs1041983 variant TT genotype than the controls (42.4 vs. 25.5%; P = 0.008, and 40.5 vs. 25.5%; P = 0.022, respectively). The SILI group had more slow acetylators than the controls (43.7 vs. 25.5%; P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in the genetic variations of CYP2C9 between the SILI and control groups. After adjusting for confounding factors, the NAT2 slow acetylators still had an increased risk of SILI (adjusted OR: 2.49; 95% confidence interval: 1.46–4.24; P = 0.001), especially in those with hepatocellular and mixed type SILI.

Conclusions

NAT2 slow acetylators are associated with a higher risk of SILI in the Han Chinese population. However, CYP2C9 genetic polymorphisms are not associated with the susceptibility to SILI.
Influence of aging and increased blood pressure on oscillometric cuff pressure waveform characteristics
Authors: Pan Fan , He Peiyu , Pu Xiaobo , Gao Hu , Chen Fei , Feng Junfeng , Zheng Dingchang 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The oscillometric blood pressure (BP) measurement technique estimates BPs from analyzing the envelop of oscillometric cuff pressure waveform. The oscillometric waveform envelope shape is associated with physiological changes and influences BP measurement accuracy. The aim of this study was to comprehensively quantify BP- and age-related changes of oscillometric waveform envelope characteristics.

Method:
Manual systolic and diastolic BPs were measured from 472 patients (219 female, 253 male), and the cuff pressure were digitally recorded during linear cuff deflation that was used to derive oscillometric waveform envelopes. All patients were divided into different categories according to their BP level and age. The envelope width in high-pressure region (above mean arterial pressure, MAP) and low-pressure region (below MAP) were compared between different BP and age categories to qualify their changes with increased BP and aging.

Results:
The envelop widths increased significantly with increased BPs (P < 0.001 between optimal, normotensive and hypertensive groups) and aging (P < 0.001 for >50 years old group in comparison with younger groups). The envelope widths in high-pressure region were significantly larger than in low-pressure region in normal and hypertensive categories (all P < 0.05) and elderly patients aged over 60 years (all P < 0.001), and the envelope width ratios between them increased with increased BP and aging.

Conclusion:
This study has concluded an asymmetrical oscillometric waveform envelope in normotensive and hypertensive categories, as well as in elderly group (aged over 60 years), and their asymmetrical features were significantly more obvious with increased BP and aging.
Rapid Detection of Urinary Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis Isolated from Pregnant Women and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile
Authors: Elkolaly Nagwan M. E. , Amin Ahmed M. , Mohamed Mostafa Z. E. , Abd-Elmonsef Marwa M. E. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Background
Urinary tract infection is responsible for serious complications in pregnant women. Among different uropathogens, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis are implicated in several urogenital infections. These organisms are not easily diagnosed by routine cultures and cannot be treated by common safe antibiotics used in pregnancy. This is the first study that aimed to rapidly detect these organisms in “urine of pregnant” women and determine their antibiotic susceptibility.

Methods
A total of 1500 pregnant women were included, 750 symptomatic patients and 750 controls (apparently healthy). Urine samples were taken aseptically from all subjects and analyzed using the Mycoplasma System Plus (MSP) kit. The specimens were further subjected to multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the molecular confirmation.

Results
Of 750 urine specimens of the patients group, 223 specimens showed sterile pyuria suggesting the presence of mycoplasmas, whereas sterile pyuria was found in only 65 specimens of the control group. Of the 223 specimens of the patients group, 32 (14.3%) had U. urealyticum by MSP kit, 21 (9.4%) had M. hominis, 14 (6.3%) showed mixed coinfection, and 156 (70%) were negative. Seven (10.8%) of 65 specimens of the control group detected U. urealyticum.

Conclusions
There was a good agreement between the MSP kit and the multiplex PCR. The MSP kit was an easy and rapid alternative to the complicated conventional culture method for the detection of urinary mycoplasmas. Doxycycline and minocycline had the highest sensitivity rates; however, clindamycin would be the first choice for empirical treatment of pregnant women.