bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High performance mid-wave infrared photodetector based on graphene/black phosphorus heterojunction
Authors: Zhang Xuemin , Yan Changling , Hu Xin , Dong Qingsong , Liu Zhiyi , Lv Weiming , Zeng Chunhong , Su Ruigong , Wang Yiqun , Sun Tianyu , Xing Zheng , Pang Chao , Zhang Baoshun , Shi Wenhua , Long Minsheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP) as a promising candidate for mid-wave infrared (MWIR) detection has attracted much attention. However, the high-speed photoresponse at the MWIR is yet to be a challenge. In this paper, we report a BP-graphene heterostructure photodetector with fast photoresponse at MWIR range using molybdenum electrode as a contact to realizing a low Schottky barrier. The device exhibits a fast photoresponse in a broad-spectrum range from visible to MWIR (0.67–4.2 μm). A high photovoltaic responsivity up to 183 mA W−1 and EQE up to 35.6% were realized at the visible range of 0.637 μm light and respectively 7.9 mA W−1 and 0.31% at MWIR 3098 nm. The specific detectivity D* = 6.69 × 108 Jones is obtained at 1 mV bias under the illumination of the MWIR 4.25 μm in the ambient condition. Our work may open a new way to realizing fast MWIR photoresponse at the low light level.
Improving the corrosion resistance of LY12 aluminum alloy via a novel Mo–Zr–Ti composite conversion coating
Authors: Qian Xuzheng , Zhan Wen , Pan Jingjing , Liu Yiting , Huang Feng , Wang Beiji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
To improve the corrosion resistance of LY12 aluminum alloy, a novel Mo–Zr–Ti composite conversion coating on its surface was prepared. The surface morphology, elements distribution, phase compositions and the corrosion resistance were systematically determined, and the relation between them were established. The results indicate that the optimal conversion temperature and conversion time are 40 °C and 15 min, respectively. The surface morphology of the composite coating under the best conversion condition is continuous and dense. The major elements are Mo, Zr, Ti, Al, O and F, and their distribution between the inner and outer coating are distinction. The phase compositions mainly consist of MoO3, Mo2O5, TiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, AlF3∙3H2O, Na3AlF6 and ZrF4, and the nucleation and growth mechanisms are proposed. Additionally, the composite coating can significantly reduce the I

corr
and increase the film resistance R

f
in the temperature range from 0 to 60 °C through electrochemical test, and its activation energy E

a
increases from 25.7 to 34.5 kJ ∙ mol−1. Compared with Al matrix, the average corrosion rate of the composite coating is reduced by 65% to 85% in the full immersion test. Therefore, the composite conversion coating greatly improves the corrosion resistance of Al matrix.
From InGaN pyramids to micro-LEDs characterized by cathodoluminescence
Authors: Gustafsson Anders , BI Zhaoxia , Samuelson Lars 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We present a study of the optical properties of various steps in the process of fabricating micro light-emitting diodes (μ-LEDs) based on quantum wells embedded in micron-sized InGaN platelets. In this study, we focus on structures for red emission, but the technology is equally suitable for the less technologically challenging blue and green emitting μ-LEDs. The starting point is growth of an InGaN pyramid with a sub-micron sized hexagonal base. The pyramid is flattened to create a flat top c-facet for the subsequent InGaN quantum well growth. We compare two approaches, reshaping of the pyramid by high-temperature annealing; and by chemical mechanical polishing. Their merits are discussed. The flattened platelets are used as templates to grow low-strain single quantum wells in both heterostructures and full LEDs including n- and p-barriers on either side of the quantum well. The structures are investigated in terms of homogeneity in peak energy position and intensity using hyperspectral cathodoluminescence imaging. We observe that the main contribution to inhomogeneity is the growth of the initial pyramid, that exhibits regular, facet driven variations in the In incorporation.
Dopant activity for highly in-situ doped polycrystalline silicon: hall, XRD, scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) and scanning spreading resistance microscopy (SSRM)
Authors: Coq Germanicus Rosine , Lallemand Florent , Chateigner Daniel , Jouha Wadia , Moultif Niemat , Latry Olivier , Fouchet Arnaud , Murray Hugues , Bunel Catherine , Lüders Ulrike 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Progressing miniaturization and the development of semiconductor integrated devices ask for advanced characterizations of the different device components with ever-increasing accuracy. Particularly in highly doped layers, a fine control of local conduction is essential to minimize access resistances and optimize integrated devices. For this, electrical Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) are useful tools to examine the local properties at nanometric scale, for the fundamental understanding of the layer conductivity, process optimization during the device fabrication and reliability issues. By using Scanning Capacitance Microscopy (SCM) and Scanning Spreading Resistance Microscopy (SSRM), we investigate a highly in situ doped polycrystalline silicon layer, a material where the electrical transport properties are well known. This film is deposited on a oxide layer as a passivating contact. The study of the nano-MIS (SCM) and nano-Schottky (SSRM) contacts allows to determine the distribution and homogeneity of the carrier concentration (active dopants), especially by investigating the redistribution of the dopants after an annealing step used for their activation. While the chemical analysis by Secondary Ions Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) quantifies only the dopant concentration in the polycrystalline layer, the comparison with macroscopic characterization techniques as Hall effect measurements, supported with XRD characterization, shows that careful SCM and SSRM measurements can be used to highlight the dopant activation. This analysis gives a complete investigation of the local electrical properties of the passivating contact when the parameters (applied voltages and applied forces) of the AFM nano-contacts are correctly controlled.
Disparities in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mortality by Country of Birth in Stockholm, Sweden: A Total-Population–Based Cohort Study
Authors: Rostila Mikael , Cederström Agneta , Wallace Matthew , Brandén Maria , Malmberg Bo , Andersson Gunnar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPreliminary evidence points to higher morbidity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in certain racial and ethnic groups, but population-based studies using microlevel data are lacking so far. We used register-based cohort data including all adults living in Stockholm, Sweden, between January 31, 2020 (the date of the first confirmed case of COVID-19) and May 4, 2020 (n = 1,778,670) to conduct Poisson regression analyses with region/country of birth as the exposure and underlying cause of COVID-19 death as the outcome, estimating relative risks and 95% confidence intervals. Migrants from Middle Eastern countries (relative risk (RR) = 3.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.6, 3.8), Africa (RR = 3.0, 95% CI: 2.2, 4.3), and non-Sweden Nordic countries (RR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.8) had higher mortality from COVID-19 than persons born in Sweden. Especially high mortality risks from COVID-19 were found among persons born in Somalia, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Iran, and Iraq. Socioeconomic status, number of working-age household members, and neighborhood population density attenuated up to half of the increased COVID-19 mortality risks among the foreign-born. Disadvantaged socioeconomic and living conditions may increase infection rates in migrants and contribute to their higher risk of COVID-19 mortality.
Schnake-Mahl and Bilal Respond to “Structural Racism and COVID-19 Mortality in the US”
Authors: Schnake-Mahl Alina S , Bilal Usama 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn their commentary, Zalla et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2021;190(8):1439–1446) argue that the approach taken by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, comparing the proportion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths by race/ethnicity with a weighted population distribution, ignores how systemic racism structures the composition of places. While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have abandoned their measure, they did so because of the changing geographic distribution of COVID-19, not because the measure underestimates racial disparities. We further Zalla et al.’s argument, advocating for a relational approach to estimating COVID-19 racial inequities that integrates the reciprocal relationship between context and composition through the interaction of places and people over time. To support our argument, we present a series of figures exploring the heterogeneous relationships between places, people, and time, using publicly available, US county-level COVID-19 mortality data from February to December 2020 from Johns Hopkins University. Longitudinal and more geographically granular data that allows for disaggregation by person, place, and time will improve our estimation and understanding of inequities in COVID-19.
PTEN/AKT upregulation of TMSB10 contributes to lung cancer cell growth and predicts poor survival of the patients
Authors: Li Jie , Zhou Shaohui , Li Hongchen , Xu Yanzhao , Zhou Ning , Liu Rongfeng 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
PTEN/AKT signaling cascade is frequently activated in various cancers, including lung cancer. The downstream effector of this signaling cascade is poorly understood. β-Thymosin 10 (TMSB10) functions as an oncogene or tumor suppressors in cancers, whereas its significance in lung cancer remains unknown. In this study, we showed that the activation of PTEN/AKT signaling promoted the expression of TMSB10. Based on the TCGA database, TMSB10 was upregulated in lung cancer tissues and its overexpression was correlated with poor prognosis of lung cancer patients. Functional experiments demonstrated that TMSB10 knockdown suppressed, while its overexpression promoted the proliferation, growth, and migration of lung cancer cells. Apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were also regulated by TMSB10. We therefore suggest that TMSB10 is a novel oncogene for lung cancer. Targeting TMSB10 may benefit lung cancer patients with activated PTEN/AKT signaling.
Membrane traffic related to endosome dynamics and protein secretion in filamentous fungi
Authors: Higuchi Yujiro 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTIn eukaryotic cells, membrane-surrounded organelles are orchestrally organized spatiotemporally under environmental situations. Among such organelles, vesicular transports and membrane contacts occur to communicate each other, so-called membrane traffic. Filamentous fungal cells are highly polarized and thus membrane traffic is developed to have versatile functions. Early endosome (EE) is an endocytic organelle that dynamically exhibits constant long-range motility through the hyphal cell, which is proven to have physiological roles, such as other organelle distribution and signal transduction. Since filamentous fungal cells are also considered as cell factories, to produce valuable proteins extracellularly, molecular mechanisms of secretory pathway including protein glycosylation have been well investigated. In this review, molecular and physiological aspects of membrane traffic especially related to EE dynamics and protein secretion in filamentous fungi are summarized, and perspectives for application are also described.
Thermal adaptation of acetic acid bacteria for practical high-temperature vinegar fermentation
Authors: Matsumoto Nami , Osumi Naoki , Matsutani Minenosuke , Phathanathavorn Theerisara , Kataoka Naoya , Theeragool Gunjana , Yakushi Toshiharu , Shiraishi Yasushi , Matsushita Kazunobu 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
Thermotolerant microorganisms are useful for high-temperature fermentation. Several thermally adapted strains were previously obtained from Acetobacter pasteurianus in a nutrient-rich culture medium, while these adapted strains could not grow well at high temperature in the nutrient-poor practical culture medium, “rice moromi.” In this study, A. pasteurianus K-1034 originally capable of performing acetic acid fermentation in rice moromi was thermally adapted by experimental evolution using a “pseudo” rice moromi culture. The adapted strains thus obtained were confirmed to grow well in such the nutrient-poor media in flask or jar-fermentor culture up to 40 or 39 °C; the mutation sites of the strains were also determined. The high-temperature fermentation ability was also shown to be comparable with a low-nutrient adapted strain previously obtained. Using the practical fermentation system, “Acetofermenter,” acetic acid production was compared in the moromi culture; the results showed that the adapted strains efficiently perform practical vinegar production under high-temperature conditions.
Studies on analogs of DAMASCENOLIDETM: Part 4. Synthesis and odor evaluation of sulfur-containing analogs of DAMASCENOLIDETM
Authors: Miyazawa Yamato , Kawaguchi Kenji , Katsuta Ryo , Nukada Tomoo , Ishigami Ken 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT
DAMASCENOLIDETM [1, 4-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)furan-2(5H)-one], which is isolated from damask rose, is a useful aroma compound with a citrus-like odor. We have previously reported on the synthesis and odor properties of 34 analogs of 1 as part of our new aroma compound development project. In order to develop better aroma compounds and to gather more information on structure–odor relationships, 6 novel sulfur-containing analogs of 1 were synthesized. Odor evaluation revealed that their odors differed significantly from those of the corresponding sulfur-free compounds. The introduction of a sulfur atom does not necessarily result in a sulfur-like odor. In particular, the 2(5H)-thiophenone analogs gave waxy, oily, and lactone-like odors that are uncharacteristic of sulfur-containing compounds. In many synthesized analogs, the introduction of a sulfur atom led to an increase in odor intensity, as expected.
Mortality prediction by bispectral electroencephalography among 502 patients: its role in dementia
Authors: Saito Taku , Malicoat Johnny R , Leyden Lydia R , Williams Jessica C , Jellison Sydney S , Long Hailey , Hellman Mandy M , Crutchley Kaitlyn J , Anderson Zoe-Ella E M , Lo Duachee , Modukuri Manisha V , Schacher Cassidy J , Yoshino Aihide , Toda Hiroyuki , Shinozaki Eri , Cho Hyunkeun R , Lee Sangil , Shinozaki Gen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Complications of delirium and dementia increase mortality; however, it is difficult to diagnose delirium accurately, especially among dementia patients. The bispectral electroencephalography score can detect delirium and predict mortality in elderly patients. We aimed to develop an efficient and reliable bispectral electroencephalography device for high-throughput screening. We also hypothesized that bispectral electroencephalography score can predict mortality among dementia patients. A prospective cohort study was conducted between January 2016 and December 2018 to measure bispectral electroencephalography from elderly patients and correlate with outcomes. A total of 502 elderly (55 years old or older) patients with and without dementia were enrolled. For a replication of the utility of bispectral electroencephalography, mortalities between bispectral electroencephalography-positive and bispectral electroencephalography-negative group were compared. In addition, patients with and without dementia status were added to examine the utility of bispectral electroencephalography among dementia patients. The mortality within 180 days in the bispectral electroencephalography-positive group was higher than that of the bispectral electroencephalography-negative group in both the replication and the total cohorts. Mortality of those in the bispectral electroencephalography-positive group showed a dose-dependent increase in both cohorts. When the dementia patients showed bispectral electroencephalography positive, their mortality was significantly higher than those with dementia but who were bispectral electroencephalography-negative. Mortality within 30 days in the bispectral electroencephalography-positive group was significantly higher than that of the bispectral electroencephalography-negative group. The utility of the bispectral electroencephalography to predict mortality among large sample of 502 elderly patients was shown. The bispectral electroencephalography score can predict mortality among elderly patients in general, and even among dementia patients, as soon as 30 days.
The syndrome of transient epileptic amnesia: a combined series of 115 cases and literature review
Authors: Baker John , Savage Sharon , Milton Fraser , Butler Christopher , Kapur Narinder , Hodges John , Zeman Adam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The term transient epileptic amnesia was coined in 1990 to describe a form of epilepsy causing predominantly amnestic seizures which could be confused with episodes of Transient Global Amnesia. Subsequent descriptions have highlighted its association with ‘atypical’ forms of memory disturbance including accelerated long-term forgetting, disproportionate autobiographical amnesia and topographical amnesia. However, this highly treatment-responsive condition remains under-recognized and undertreated. We describe the clinical and neuropsychological features in 65 consecutive cases of transient epileptic amnesia referred to our study, comparing these to our previous cohort of 50 patients and to those reported in 102 literature cases described since our 2008 review. Findings in our two cohorts are substantially consistent: The onset of transient epileptic amnesia occurs at an average age of 62 years, giving rise to amnestic episodes at a frequency of around 1/month, typically lasting 15–30 min and often occurring on waking. Amnesia is the only manifestation of epilepsy in 24% of patients; olfactory hallucinations occur in 43%, motor automatisms in 41%, brief unresponsiveness in 39%. The majority of patients describe at least one of the atypical forms of memory disturbance mentioned above; easily provoked tearfulness is a common accompanying feature. There is a male predominance (85:30). Epileptiform changes were present in 35% of cases, while suspected causative magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities were detected in only 5%. Seizures ceased with anticonvulsant treatment in 93% of cases. Some clinical features were detected more commonly in the second series than the first, probably as a result of heightened awareness. Neuropsychological testing and comparison to two age and IQ-matched control groups (n = 24 and 22) revealed consistent findings across the two cohorts, namely elevated mean IQ, preserved executive function, mild impairment at the group level on standard measures of memory, with additional evidence for accelerated long-term forgetting and autobiographical amnesia, particularly affecting episodic recollection. Review of the literature cases revealed broadly consistent features except that topographical amnesia, olfactory hallucinations and emotionality have been reported rarely to date by other researchers. We conclude that transient epileptic amnesia is a distinctive syndrome of late-onset limbic epilepsy of unknown cause, typically occurring in late middle age. It is an important, treatable cause of memory loss in older people, often mistaken for dementia, cerebrovascular disease and functional amnesia. Its aetiology, the monthly occurrence of seizures in some patients and the mechanisms and interrelationships of the interictal features—amnestic and affective—all warrant further study.
Distribution of the Noradrenaline Innervation and Adrenoceptors in the Macaque Monkey Thalamus
Authors: Pérez-Santos Isabel , Palomero-Gallagher Nicola , Zilles Karl , Cavada Carmen 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Noradrenaline (NA) in the thalamus has important roles in physiological, pharmacological, and pathological neuromodulation. In this work, a complete characterization of NA axons and Alpha adrenoceptors distributions is provided.
NA axons, revealed by immunohistochemistry against the synthesizing enzyme and the NA transporter, are present in all thalamic nuclei. The most densely innervated ones are the midline nuclei, intralaminar nuclei (paracentral and parafascicular), and the medial sector of the mediodorsal nucleus (MDm). The ventral motor nuclei and most somatosensory relay nuclei receive a moderate NA innervation. The pulvinar complex receives a heterogeneous innervation. The lateral geniculate nucleus (GL) has the lowest NA innervation.
Alpha adrenoceptors were analyzed by in vitro quantitative autoradiography. Alpha-1 receptor densities are higher than Alpha-2 densities. Overall, axonal densities and Alpha adrenoceptor densities coincide; although some mismatches were identified. The nuclei with the highest Alpha-1 values are MDm, the parvocellular part of the ventral posterior medial nucleus, medial pulvinar, and midline nuclei. The nucleus with the lowest Alpha-1 receptor density is GL. Alpha-2 receptor densities are highest in the lateral dorsal, centromedian, medial and inferior pulvinar, and midline nuclei.
These results suggest a role for NA in modulating thalamic involvement in consciousness, limbic, cognitive, and executive functions.
Scent Marks Signal Species, Sex, and Reproductive Status in Tamarins (Saguinusspp., Neotropical Primates)
Authors: Poirier Alice C , Waterhouse John S , Dunn Jacob C , Smith Andrew C 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOlfactory communication is an important mediator of social interactions in mammals, thought to provide information about an individual’s identity and current social, reproductive, and health status. In comparison with other taxa such as carnivores and rodents, few studies have examined primate olfactory communication. Tamarins (Callitrichidae) conspicuously deposit odorous secretions, produced by specialized scent glands, in their environment. In this study, we combined behavioral and chemical data on captive cotton-top tamarins, Saguinus oedipus, and bearded emperor tamarins, S. imperator subgrisescens, to examine the role of olfactory communication in the advertisement of species, sex, and reproductive status. We observed no difference in scent-marking behavior between species; however, females marked more frequently than males, and reproductive individuals more than non-reproductive ones. In addition, tamarins predominantly used their anogenital gland when scent-marking, followed by the suprapubic gland. We collected swabs of naturally deposited tamarin anogenital scent marks, and analyzed these samples using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Despite a limited sample size, we established differences in tamarin anogenital mark chemical composition between species, sex and reproductive status, and identified 41 compounds. The compounds identified, many of which have been reported in previous work on mammalian semiochemistry, form targets for future bioassay studies to identify semiochemicals. Our non-invasive method for collecting deposited scent marks makes it a promising method for the study of olfactory communication in scent-marking animal species, applicable to field settings and for the study of elusive animals.
Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) From Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic Individuals in Healthcare Settings Despite Medical Masks and Eye Protection
Authors: Klompas Michael , Baker Meghan A , Griesbach Diane , Tucker Robert , Gallagher Glen R , Lang Andrew S , Fink Timelia , Cumming Melissa , Smole Sandra , Madoff Lawrence C , Rhee Chanu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We describe 3 instances of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission despite medical masks and eye protection, including transmission despite the source person being masked, transmission despite the exposed person being masked, and transmission despite both parties being masked. Whole genome sequencing confirmed perfect homology between source and exposed persons’ viruses in all cases.