bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure and dynamics of the quaternary hunchback mRNA translation repression complex
Authors: Macošek Jakub , Simon Bernd , Linse Johanna-Barbara , Jagtap Pravin Kumar Ankush , Winter Sophie L , Foot Jaelle , Lapouge Karine , Perez Kathryn , Rettel Mandy , Ivanović Miloš T , Masiewicz Pawel , Murciano Brice , Savitski Mikhail M , Loedige Inga , Hub Jochen S , Gabel Frank , Hennig Janosch 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
A key regulatory process during Drosophila development is the localized suppression of the hunchback mRNA translation at the posterior, which gives rise to a hunchback gradient governing the formation of the anterior-posterior body axis. This suppression is achieved by a concerted action of Brain Tumour (Brat), Pumilio (Pum) and Nanos. Each protein is necessary for proper Drosophila development. The RNA contacts have been elucidated for the proteins individually in several atomic-resolution structures. However, the interplay of all three proteins during RNA suppression remains a long-standing open question. Here, we characterize the quaternary complex of the RNA-binding domains of Brat, Pum and Nanos with hunchback mRNA by combining NMR spectroscopy, SANS/SAXS, XL/MS with MD simulations and ITC assays. The quaternary hunchback mRNA suppression complex comprising the RNA binding domains is flexible with unoccupied nucleotides functioning as a flexible linker between the Brat and Pum-Nanos moieties of the complex. Moreover, the presence of the Pum-HD/Nanos-ZnF complex has no effect on the equilibrium RNA binding affinity of the Brat RNA binding domain. This is in accordance with previous studies, which showed that Brat can suppress mRNA independently and is distributed uniformly throughout the embryo.
A nanoscale DNA force spectrometer capable of applying tension and compression on biomolecules
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Le Jenny V , Crocker Kyle , Darcy Michael A , Halley Patrick D , Zhao Dengke , Andrioff Nick , Croy Cassie , Poirier Michael G , Bundschuh Ralf , Castro Carlos E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Single molecule force spectroscopy is a powerful approach to probe the structure, conformational changes, and kinetic properties of biological and synthetic macromolecules. However, common approaches to apply forces to biomolecules require expensive and cumbersome equipment and relatively large probes such as beads or cantilevers, which limits their use for many environments and makes integrating with other methods challenging. Furthermore, existing methods have key limitations such as an inability to apply compressive forces on single molecules. We report a nanoscale DNA force spectrometer (nDFS), which is based on a DNA origami hinge with tunable mechanical and dynamic properties. The angular free energy landscape of the nDFS can be engineered across a wide range through substitution of less than 5% of the strand components. We further incorporate a removable strut that enables reversible toggling of the nDFS between open and closed states to allow for actuated application of tensile and compressive forces. We demonstrate the ability to apply compressive forces by inducing a large bend in a 249bp DNA molecule, and tensile forces by inducing DNA unwrapping of a nucleosome sample. These results establish a versatile tool for force spectroscopy and robust methods for designing nanoscale mechanical devices with tunable force application.
Activation of bivalent factor DLX5 cooperates with master regulator TP63 to promote squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Huang Yongsheng , Yang Qian , Zheng Yueyuan , Lin Lehang , Xu Xin , Xu Xiu-E , Silva Tiago C , Hazawa Masaharu , Peng Li , Cao Haotian , Ding Yanbing , Lu Daning , Berman Benjamin P , Xu Li-Yan , Li En-Min , Yin Dong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
To reconstruct systematically hyperactive transcription factor (TF)-dependent transcription networks in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), a computational method (ELMER) was applied to 1293 pan-SCC patient samples, and 44 hyperactive SCC TFs were identified. As a top candidate, DLX5 exhibits a notable bifurcate re-configuration of its bivalent promoter in cancer. Specifically, DLX5 maintains a bivalent state in normal tissues; its promoter is hypermethylation, leading to DLX5 transcriptional silencing in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). In stark contrast, DLX5 promoter gains active histone marks and becomes transcriptionally activated in ESCC, which is directly mediated by SOX2. Functionally, silencing of DLX5 substantially inhibits SCC viability both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, DLX5 cooperates with TP63 in regulating ∼2000 enhancers and promoters, which converge on activating cancer-promoting pathways. Together, our data establish a novel and strong SCC-promoting factor and elucidate a new epigenomic mechanism - bifurcate chromatin re-configuration - during cancer development.
tRNAscan-SE 2.0: improved detection and functional classification of transfer RNA genes
Authors: Chan Patricia P , Lin Brian Y , Mak Allysia J , Lowe Todd M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
tRNAscan-SE has been widely used for transfer RNA (tRNA) gene prediction for over twenty years, developed just as the first genomes were decoded. With the massive increase in quantity and phylogenetic diversity of genomes, the accurate detection and functional prediction of tRNAs has become more challenging. Utilizing a vastly larger training set, we created nearly one hundred specialized isotype- and clade-specific models, greatly improving tRNAscan-SE’s ability to identify and classify both typical and atypical tRNAs. We employ a new comparative multi-model strategy where predicted tRNAs are scored against a full set of isotype-specific covariance models, allowing functional prediction based on both the anticodon and the highest-scoring isotype model. Comparative model scoring has also enhanced the program's ability to detect tRNA-derived SINEs and other likely pseudogenes. For the first time, tRNAscan-SE also includes fast and highly accurate detection of mitochondrial tRNAs using newly developed models. Overall, tRNA detection sensitivity and specificity is improved for all isotypes, particularly those utilizing specialized models for selenocysteine and the three subtypes of tRNA genes encoding a CAU anticodon. These enhancements will provide researchers with more accurate and detailed tRNA annotation for a wider variety of tRNAs, and may direct attention to tRNAs with novel traits.
Allergic contact dermatitis in healthcare workers
Authors: Huang C , Greig D , Cheng H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
Allergic contact dermatitis is a common occupational skin disease among healthcare workers (HCWs).

Aims
This study describes causes of allergic contact dermatitis in New Zealand HCWs.

Methods
All HCWs undergoing patch testing between July 2008 and January 2020 at a public hospital patch test clinic and between June 2019 and January 2020 at a private dermatology clinic were included. Data collected included patient demographics, occupation, results of patch testing and pre- and post-patch test diagnoses.

Results
Out of 837 patients tested, 67 were HCWs. The mean age of HCWs was 41 years (SD 14) and 58 (87%) were female. The most common occupations were nurses (40%), allied health (22%) and doctors (18%). Forty-six (69%) patients had a background of atopic dermatitis. Hand dermatitis was the most common presentation (49%), followed by facial/neck dermatitis (25%). Thirty-eight (57%) had at least one positive reaction on patch testing, including 19 (28%) with a positive result of current relevance. There were 16 relevant reactions to rubber accelerators, 11 to fragrances, 10 to preservatives and 6 to corticosteroids. The most frequent relevant allergens were methylisothiazolinone/methylchloroisothiazolinone (4%), hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (4%) and methylisothiazolinone (4%).

Conclusions
The most common allergens in HCWs were rubber chemicals, fragrances, preservatives and topical corticosteroids. Important allergens for patch testing HCWs are outlined, in particular, those with hand dermatitis should be tested to a rubber series.
Does misery love company? An experimental investigation
Authors: Farrow Katherine , Grolleau Gilles , Ibanez Lisette 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The conventional wisdom summarized in the adage ‘misery loves company’ suggests that suffering can be made easier to bear if it is also shared by others. Given increasing interest in subjective well-being and happiness as constituents of national wealth and priorities in policy-making and organizational management, we empirically investigate the validity of this phenomenon in order to explore whether it may be possible to mitigate decreases in subjective well-being simply by leveraging social comparison. We implement an experimental survey designed to gauge the suitability of this strategy on a representative sample of approximately 2,000 US residents. Our results indicate that, while this hypothesis is indeed borne out among certain populations within the sample, we find stronger and more widespread support for the opposite phenomenon, suggesting rather that ‘happiness hates company’. These novel findings can inform policy interventions aiming to enhance well-being and point to promising avenues for further work.
Movement Patterns and Their Associations With Pain, Function, and Hip Morphology in Individuals With Femoroacetabular Impingement Syndrome: A Scoping Review
Authors: Alrashdi Naif Z , Brown-Taylor Lindsey , Bell Megan M , Ithurburn Matthew P 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to synthesize studies of movement patterns and their association with hip pain, function/activity, and morphology in individuals with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS).MethodsPubMed, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus databases were searched using predefined terms. Two authors independently reviewed abstracts and full texts. Studies were included if they enrolled individuals with FAIS, reported kinematic or kinetic data during movement tasks, and tested the data’s associations with hip pain, function/activity, or morphology. Exclusion criteria were studies that did not evaluate associations between movement patters and pain, function/activity, or hip morphology. Additionally, studies with hip conditions other than FAIS, case reports, conference proceedings, review articles, and non-English studies were excluded. Descriptive consolidation and qualitative synthesis were performed for the included studies.ResultsOf the 1155 potential studies, 5 studies met all eligibility criteria. Movement patterns were evaluated during walking (n = 4) and squatting (n = 1). Studies reported multiple associations between variables of interest. Statistically significant associations were identified between movement patterns and hip pain (n = 2), function/activity (n = 2), or morphology (n = 3). Significant associations included increased hip flexion moment impulse during walking was associated with worse pain, increased hip flexion moment during walking was associated with worse hip function, decreased hip external rotation during gait and hip internal rotation during squat were associated with larger cam deformity, and increased hip flexion moment impulse during walking was also associated with more severe acetabular cartilage abnormalities.ConclusionsVery little current evidence has evaluated the associations between altered movement patterns and hip pain, function/activity, or morphology in individuals with FAIS, and only low-intensity tasks have been tested. These studies found some preliminary associations between altered hip biomechanics and higher hip pain, worse hip function, and specific measures of hip morphology in individuals with FAIS.ImpactThis review is a first step in gaining a better understanding of movement patterns and their associations with hip pain, function/activity, and morphology, which could ultimately assist with the development of movement retraining interventions and potentially improve rehabilitation outcomes for those with FAIS.
Rheumatoid factor positivity in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: a distinct clinical entity or innocent bystander?
Authors: Ahn Sung Soo , Ha Jang Woo , Park Yong-Beom , Lee Sang-Won 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objective
To investigate the significance of RF positivity in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients.

Methods
AAV patients were divided into groups as follows: RF (+)/ANCA (+) (n = 94), RF (−)/ANCA (+) (n = 80), RF (+)/ANCA (−) (n = 15) and RF (−)/ANCA (−) (n = 25). Their clinical data, organ involvement patterns, laboratory data, and patient outcomes were assessed. Kaplan–Meier analysis and propensity score matching (PSM) were performed to compare outcomes and analyse differences between the groups.

Results
Of the 214 patients, RF and ANCA positivity was found in 109 (50.9%) and 174 (81.3%) patients, respectively. RF (+)/ANCA (+) patients more frequently presented with general manifestations (58.5%) than the other groups. Additionally, compared with those of RF (−)/ANCA (+) group, RF (+)/ANCA (+) patients were older, had higher white blood cell, neutrophil, platelet counts and acute phase reactants; however, creatinine and albumin levels were lower. The end-stage kidney disease-free survival rate was significantly higher in the RF (+)/ANCA (+) group (P =0.013), while the proportion of renal involvement was comparable to the RF (−)/ANCA (+) group. PSM showed no difference in patient outcomes between the two groups after adjustment.

Conclusion
RF positivity was associated with a distinct phenotype in AAV patients. In particular, difference was observed in clinical features and outcomes between RF (+)/ANCA (+) and RF (−)/ANCA (+) groups, although the direct prognostic implication of RF was not evident.
Deep Ancestral Introgression Shapes Evolutionary History of Dragonflies and Damselflies
Authors: Suvorov Anton , Scornavacca Celine , Fujimoto M Stanley , Bodily Paul , Clement Mark , Crandall Keith A , Whiting Michael F , Schrider Daniel R , Bybee Seth M 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntrogression is an important biological process affecting at least 10% of the extant species in the animal kingdom. Introgression significantly impacts inference of phylogenetic species relationships where a strictly binary tree model cannot adequately explain reticulate net-like species relationships. Here, we use phylogenomic approaches to understand patterns of introgression along the evolutionary history of a unique, nonmodel insect system: dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata). We demonstrate that introgression is a pervasive evolutionary force across various taxonomic levels within Odonata. In particular, we show that the morphologically “intermediate” species of Anisozygoptera (one of the three primary suborders within Odonata besides Zygoptera and Anisoptera), which retain phenotypic characteristics of the other two suborders, experienced high levels of introgression likely coming from zygopteran genomes. Additionally, we find evidence for multiple cases of deep inter-superfamilial ancestral introgression. [Gene flow; Odonata; phylogenomics; reticulate evolution.]
Physical activity domains are differently related with quality of life in breast cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ribeiro Fernanda E. , Tebar William R. , Vanderlei Luiz Carlos M. , Fregonesi Cristina E.P.T. , Caldeira Daniela T. , Tosello Giuliano , Palma Mariana R. , Christofaro Diego G. D. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Objectives:
Treatments for breast cancer (BC) can lead to physical and mental impairments which may affect quality of life (QoL). Physical activity (PA) is highly recommended for this population due to its protective effect against BC relapse and its ability to reduce the health impact of treatment. However, it is not clear whether the different domains of PA are associated with better QoL of BC survivors. The current study aimed to verify the relationship between different PA domains with QoL of BC survivors.

Methods:
The sample consisted of 128 women BC survivors, with a mean age of 58.2 ± 9.7 years. QoL was assessed using the Short-Form Health Survey questionnaire (SF-36) and PA was verified through the Baecke questionnaire, in domains of occupation, sports practice, and leisure time/commuting. The relationship between QoL and different PA domains was verified by linear regression, adjusted by age, marital status, and socioeconomic condition.

Results:
Occupational PA was negatively related to physical limitations [β= −15.36 (−29.04 to −1.68] and body pain [β=−6.61 (−14.53 to 1.31) marginal association]. Sports practice was positively related to functional capacity [β= 4.24 (0.60 to 7.88)]. Leisure time/commuting PA was positively related to functional capacity [β = 7.17 (3.09 to 11.26)], vitality [β = 4.30 (0.39 to 8.22)], social aspects [β= 5.47 (0.80 to 10.15)], and mental health [β = 4.08 (0.40 to 7.75)].

Conclusions:
Sports practice and leisure time/commuting PA were positively related to QoL in BC survivors, while occupational PA was negatively related to QoL, independently of age, marital status, and socioeconomic condition.
Aldosterone-producing adenoma-harbouring KCNJ5 mutations is associated with lower prevalence of metabolic disorders and abdominal obesity
Authors: Chen Kuan-Ming , Chang Yu-Ling , Wu Tung-Hsin , Lee Bo-Ching , Chen Po-Ting , Liu Kao-Lang , Hong Jia-Sheng , Chang Chin-Chen , Wu Vin-Cent , Lin Yen-Hung 
Published: July 2021

Objective:
Aldosterone overproduction and lipid metabolic disturbances between idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) and unilateral aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) have been inconsistently linked in patients with primary aldosteronism. Moreover, KCNJ5 mutations are prevalent among APAs and enhance aldosterone synthesis in adrenal cortex. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in each primary aldosteronism subtype and observe the role of KCNJ5 mutations among APAs on the distribution of abdominal adipose tissues quantified using computed tomography (CT), including their changes postadrenalectomy.

Design and methods:
We retrospectively collected 244 and 177 patients with IHA and APA at baseline. Patients with APA had undergone adrenalectomy, and gene sequencing revealed the absence (n = 75) and presence (n = 102) of KCNJ5 mutations. We also recruited 31 patients with APA who had undergone CT-scan 1-year postadrenalectomy.

Results:
The patients with APA harbouring KCNJ5 mutations had significantly lower prevalence of MetS and smaller distribution in waist circumference, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) than the other groups. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the VAT area correlated significantly with KCNJ5 mutations among the APAs. Only participants with KCNJ5 mutations had significant increases in triglycerides, cholesterol, SAT, and VAT after 1-year postadrenalectomy.

Conclusion:
This study is the first to demonstrate that MetS and abdominal obesity were less prevalent in the patients with APA harbouring KCNJ5 mutations compared with the IHA group and the non-KCNJ5-mutated APA group. Increasing prevalence of dyslipidaemia and abdominal obesity was observed in patients with KCNJ5 mutations 1-year postadrenalectomy.
Students' Perceptions Regarding the Influence of a Home Health Interprofessional Simulation Experience: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Cunningham Shala , Cunningham Cynthia , Howes Meghan , Metz Alyse Marie , Liang Anzhu 
Published: July 2021

Introduction:
Interprofessional health care teams are essential for clinical decision making when providing care for patients with complex medical histories in the community setting. The purpose of this mixed methods, quasi-experimental study was to explore health care students' perceptions of communication and collaboration after an interprofessional simulation in a community health environment. Although interprofessional collaboration in community settings has been shown to improve patient outcomes and perceived quality of life, little emphasis has been placed on how to prepare future health care providers for interprofessional practice in this challenging environment.

Methods:
This study used a sample of convenience of 87 health care students (30 physical therapist students, 34 nursing students, and 23 emergency medical services students) enrolled in 2 education institutions in Southwest Virginia. Quantitative data were collected using the 21-item Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS-21). Qualitative data, collected through focus group interviews, were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:
Overall, students improved their perception on all items on the ISVS-21. The students in this study were also able to reflect on their profession's role in the community health setting, discuss key information to be shared to ensure the continuity of patient care, and explore an effective handoff process between professions.

Discussion and Conclusion:
Students gained understanding of each professions' perceptions of care priorities in the community and the different communication strategies may better prepare the students to enter the diverse and complex community health care environment.
Evaluation of Unscheduled Return Visits to the Pediatric Emergency Department and Risk Factors for Admission After Return Visit
Authors: Kurt Funda , Hanalioğlu Damla , Can Fatmanur , Kurtipek Fatma Eren , Yakut Halil İbrahim , Misirlioğlu Emine Dibek 
Published: July 2021

Objective
Unscheduled return visits to the emergency department (unscheduled RTED) increase both the workload and overcrowding in the emergency department. The aim in the present study is to identify the patient groups that require more careful and closer follow-up to reduce the rates of unscheduled RTED and hospital admissions after a return visit.

Methods
Among the patients admitted to the emergency department of our hospital between 2016 and 2017, those who made an unscheduled RTED within 72 hours after their first visit to the emergency department were evaluated retrospectively.

Results
Of the 137,787 eligible children, 3294 (2.8%) made unscheduled RTEDs within 72 hours. The median age was 28 months, and 1848 (57.6%) were male patients. The admission rate at the return visit was significantly higher among children younger than 2 years, in the patients presenting with respiratory complaints and severe acute conditions, and in those who presented to the emergency department for the first time during the department's busiest hours. The risk of admission upon a return visit to the emergency department was 2.7 times higher in the male sex, 5.4 times higher in children younger than 2 years, 5.9 times higher in patients with respiratory complaints, 4.9 times higher in patients with gastrointestinal tract complaints, and 27,000 times higher in patients with severe acute conditions.

Conclusions
Unscheduled RTED and hospitalization rates can be reduced with more careful evaluation of young children, patients with respiratory and gastrointestinal complaints and those who apply during emergency department busiest hours.