bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A phase 2 study of polatuzumab vedotin + bendamustine + rituximab in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Terui Yasuhito , Rai Shinya , Izutsu Koji , Yamaguchi Motoko , Takizawa Jun , Kuroda Junya , Ishikawa Takayuki , Kato Koji , Suehiro Youko , Fukuhara Noriko , Ohmine Ken , Goto Hideki , Yamamoto Kazuhito , Kanemura Nobuhiro , Ueda Yasunori , Ishizawa Kenichi , Kumagai Kyoya , Kawasaki Atsuko , Saito Tomohisa , Hashizume Misato , Shibayama Hirohiko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPolatuzumab vedotin (pola) is a CD79b‐targeted antibody‐drug conjugate delivering a potent antimitotic agent (monomethyl auristatin E) to B cells. This was an open‐label, single‐arm study of pola 1.8 mg/kg, bendamustine 90 mg/m2, rituximab 375 mg/m2 (pola + BR) Q3W for up to six cycles in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who received ≥1 prior line of therapy and were ineligible for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) or experienced treatment failure with prior ASCT. Primary endpoint was complete response rate (CRR) at the end of the treatment (EOT) by positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET‐CT) using modified Lugano Response Criteria. Secondary endpoints included efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics. Thirty‐five patients (median age 71 [range 46‐86] years) were enrolled. Twenty‐three (66%) patients had refractory disease, and 23 (66%) had ≥2 prior lines of therapy. At a median follow‐up of 5.4 (0.7‐11.9) months, patients received a median of five treatment cycles. CRR was 34.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 19.1‐52.2) at EOT. Overall response rate was 42.9% at EOT, and median progression‐free survival was 5.2 months (95% CI 3.6‐not evaluable). Median overall survival was not reached. No fatal adverse events (AEs) were observed. Grade 3‐4 AEs were mainly hematological: anemia (37%), neutropenia (31%), white blood cell count decreased (23%), thrombocytopenia/platelet count decreased/neutrophil count decreased (20% each), and febrile neutropenia (11%). Grade 1‐2 peripheral neuropathy (PN; sensory and/or motor) was reported in 14% of patients; there were no ≥grade 3 PN events. This study (JapicCTI‐184048) demonstrated the efficacy and safety of pola + BR in Japanese patients with R/R DLBCL who were ineligible for ASCT.
Social participation to support good mental health in neurodisability
Authors: Brooks Rob , Lambert Charlotte , Coulthard Laura , Pennington Lindsay , Kolehmainen Niina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundYoung people with neurodisability experience lower levels of mental wellbeing and are at increased risk of mental illness compared with their non‐disabled peers. Social participation is recognized as a protective factor against mental illness and a potential pathway to support better mental wellbeing in neurodisability.MethodThis co‐design study involved young people, parents and clinicians. First, possible interventions were identified through a rapid systematic evidence review. Any study designs were considered, which included people with a neurodisability aged 0–18 years, which evaluated a therapy intervention with social participation and mental health outcomes. Titles and abstracts were screened by two reviewers, from the included studies data were extracted and then presented using written summaries. Second, the summaries were discussed and prioritized in stakeholder groups with young people, parents and clinicians. Groups were audio recorded and framework analysis was used to identify and specify intervention elements and their delivery.ResultsThe evidence review identified 13,870 records, from which 43 were included. These records were published 1994–2017 and reported studies with 4–249 participants aged 16 months—18 years with a range of neurodisabilities. Five intervention approaches (social skills training, arts, sports, technology and play) were identified from the review. Two themes emerged from the stakeholder groups: intervention in the real world, feeling judged and feeling safe. The groups prioritized an intervention in real‐world social leisure contexts (i.e. existing clubs and groups) using nine key intervention elements (e.g. feedback and positive verbal reinforcement) delivered by club leaders trained by healthcare professionals using five intervention procedures (e.g. a manual and video training).ConclusionThis study has identified core elements of social participation interventions that may improve mental health outcomes in young people with neurodisability, which should now be tested.
Love and Truth: What Really Matters for Children Born Through Third‐Party Assisted Reproduction
Authors: Golombok Susan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractEver since the birth of the first baby born through in vitro fertilization in 1978, advances in reproductive technologies have raised new concerns about the outcomes for children. In this article, I summarize research on children born through assisted reproduction involving a third party, that is, children born through egg donation, sperm donation, and surrogacy, with particular attention to the findings of a longitudinal study of children born to heterosexual couples in the United Kingdom. The assisted reproduction families generally showed high levels of family functioning and children's adjustment from early childhood through to adolescence, suggesting that biological relatedness is less important than positive parent–child relationships for the well‐being of children conceived by third‐party assisted reproduction. Similarly, studies of families created by third‐party reproduction with two mothers, single mothers, two fathers, and single fathers have shown that these families function well.
The quality and developmental pathways in sibling relationships: A qualitative study of Norwegian children admitted to child welfare service care
Authors: Hovland Wenche , Hean Sarah 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSiblings are key actors in the social network of young people in care. This paper explores young people's perceptions of changes in the quality of sibling relationships and the pathways relationships follow during the transition from the biological family into care. A thematic analysis of interviews with young Norwegian people (n = 25) in care showed that, in the biological family, sibling relationships are characterized by alliances, parentification, conflicts or nonexistence. After admission to child welfare services care, sibling relationships developed along multiple pathways. Their sibling relationships reshaped into either close and supportive, conflictual or completely broken relationships. Sibling relationships were dynamic, complex, with the pathway, and its impact on well‐being, being unique to each young person. Sibling relationship quality in the biological home did not predict relationship quality after admission to child welfare services. The implications for social worker practice are discussed.
Galectin‐1 ameliorates perioperative neurocognitive disorders in aged mice
Authors: Shen Zhiwen , Xu Hui , Song Wen , Hu Chuwen , Guo Mingyan , Li Jinfeng , Li Junhua 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is higher in the elderly patients undergoing surgery. Microglia activation‐mediated neuroinflammation is one of the hallmarks of PND. Galectin‐1 has been identified as a pivotal modulator in the central nervous system (CNS), while the role of galectin‐1 in PND induced by microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation is still undetermined.MethodsAn exploratory laparotomy model anesthetized with isoflurane was employed to investigate the role of galectin‐1 on PND in aged mice. Open field test and Morris water maze were used to test the cognitive function 3‐ or 7‐days post‐surgery. The activation of microglia in the hippocampus of aged mice was tested by immunohistochemistry. Western blot, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) were employed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.ResultsGalectin‐1 attenuated the cognitive dysfunction induced by surgery in aged mice and inhibited microglial activity. Moreover, galectin‐1 decreased the expression level of inflammatory proteins (interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α), and prevented neuronal loss in the hippocampus. Galectin‐1 inhibited the inflammation of BV2 microglial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide via decreasing the translocation of NF‐κB p65 and c‐Jun, while this kind of inhibition was rescued when overexpressing IRAK1.ConclusionOur findings provide evidence that galectin‐1 may inhibit IRAK1 expression, thus suppressing inflammatory response, inhibiting neuroinflammation, and improving ensuing cognitive dysfunction. Collectively, these findings unveil that galectin‐1 may elicit protective effects on surgery‐induced neuroinflammation and neurocognitive disorders.
The complex roles of neutrophils in APAP‐induced liver injury
Authors: Guo Huiting , Chen Shiwei , Xie Mingjie , Zhou Cheng , Zheng Min 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP) is a widely applied drug for the alleviation of pain and fever, which is also a dose‐depedent toxin. APAP‐induced acute liver injury has become one of the primary causes of liver failure which is an increasingly serious threat to human health. Neutrophils are the major immune cells in human serving as the first barrier against the invasion of pathogen. It has been reported that neutrophils patriciate in the occurrence and development of APAP‐induced liver injury. However, evolving evidences suggest that neutrophils also contribute to tissue repair and actively orchestrate resolution of inflammation. Here, we addressed the complex roles in APAP‐induced liver injury on the basis of brief introduction of neutrophil's activation, recruitment and migration.
Research on internationalisation and globalisation in higher education—Reflections on historical paths, current perspectives and future possibilities
Authors: Lee Jenny J. , Stensaker Bjørn 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInternationalisation and globalisation are intertwined and complex phenomena that have attracted the interest of higher education scholars for several decades. This article offers some reflections on how research on internationalisation and globalisation has developed over the years and the perspectives that appear to have dominated these studies. A key argument is that while the field is, in many ways, booming—both in the numbers of publications and with respect to topics explored—whether substantial theoretical advances have been made is questionable. Many publications still tend to be quite descriptive with shallow observations, mostly on reporting national trends and political agendas. As internationalisation and globalisation undoubtedly continue to make an impact on higher education in the years to come, there is a need for a stronger theoretical basis, which can underpin future studies. The current article discusses potential future advancements enabling a more integrated, theoretical grounding for understanding and interpreting internationalisation and globalisation in the years to come.
Mytilus trossulus introgression and consequences for shell traits in longline cultivated mussels
Authors: Michalek Kati , Vendrami David L. J. , Bekaert Michaël , Green David H. , Last Kim S. , Telesca Luca , Wilding Thomas A. , Hoffman Joseph I. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMussels belonging to the Mytilus species complex (M. edulis, ME; M. galloprovincialis, MG; and M. trossulus, MT) often occur in sympatry, facilitating introgressive hybridization. This may be further promoted by mussel aquaculture practices, with MT introgression often resulting in commercially unfavourable traits such as low meat yield and weak shells. To investigate the relationship between genotype and shell phenotype, genetic and morphological variability was quantified across depth (1 m to 7 m) along a cultivation rope at a mussel farm on the West coast of Scotland. A single nuclear marker (Me15/16) and a novel panel of 33 MT‐diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms were used to evaluate stock structure and the extent of MT introgression across depth. Variation in shell strength, determined as the maximum compression force for shell puncture, and shell shape using geometric morphometric analysis were evaluated in relation to cultivation depth and the genetic profiles of the mussels. Overall, ME was the dominant genotype across depth, followed by ME × MG hybrids and smaller quantities of ME × MT hybrids and pure MT individuals. In parallel, we identified multiple individuals that were either predominantly homozygous or heterozygous for MT‐diagnostic alleles, likely representing pure MT and first‐generation ME × MT hybrids, respectively. Both the proportion of individuals carrying MT alleles and MT allele frequency declined with depth. Furthermore, MT‐introgressed individuals had significantly weaker and more elongate shells than nonintrogressed individuals. This study provides detailed insights into stock structure along a cultivation rope and suggests that practical methods to assess shell strength and shape of cultivated mussels may facilitate the rapid identification of MT, limiting the impact of this commercially damaging species.
A proactive model to predict osteoporosis: An artificial immune system approach
Authors: Periasamy Keerthika , Periasamy Suresh , Velayutham Sathiyamoorthi , Zhang Zuopeng , Ahmed Syed Thouheed , Jayapalan Anitha 
Published: May 2021

AbstractOsteoporosis disease is caused by hormonal changes, vitamin D, and calcium deficiency. With current technologies, the identification of osteoporosis requires many tests with the support of medications. Bone mineral density is a typical measure implemented using a DEXA scan which can be very costly. Such high technology equipment is usually not accessible for remote people, and thus a low‐cost screening system is very appealing. This article proposes an osteoporosis prediction system that effectively determines its possibility of occurrence based on essential factors such as smoking habits and calcium level so that the people at high risk can be referred to access the DEXA scanner. Our proposed system is implemented by an improved version of the artificial immune system, enabling care providers to take precautionary measures at the right time to avoid the early development of osteoporosis. The experiments demonstrated a promising result of 94% prediction accuracy that proved its usefulness in identifying people with potential osteoporosis in the future.
Development of the MES criterion for brittle fracture prediction in V‐shaped notches under mixed mode I/II loading conditions
Authors: Sajjadi S. H. , Khorshidvand A. R. , Jabbari M. , Javadi M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a new brittle fracture criterion was developed to predict the fracture in sharp V‐shaped notches. This criterion, by defining a quantity called “V‐shaped notch effective stress,” takes into account the effect of the shear stress in addition to the tangential stress. The initial crack criterion, which lays the foundation for developing this criterion, has yielded remarkable results for a broad spectrum of brittle materials in the entire range of mixed‐mode I/II loading conditions. This development helps to employ a novel criterion for V‐shaped notches with the capability of being used in the entire range of mixed‐mode I/II loading conditions. The outcomes of the two other valid criteria and multiple experimental results were compared with the developed criterion results to validate it. The developed criterion's predicted results revealed a strong correlation with experimental results, particularly in conditions where mode II loading was predominant.
The effect of LED lights on trap catches in Finnish inland fisheries
Authors: Ruokonen Timo J. , Keskinen Tapio , Luoma Mikael , Leskelä Ari , Suuronen Petri 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTrap fisheries can provide catches of high quality, and unwanted bycatch can be released with high survival. Light attraction could be an effective way of increasing trap catches, but research results are largely lacking. Experiments to test the effect of LED lights in trap‐net fishing were conducted in two Finnish lakes where fishing targeted Eurasian perch Perca fluviatilis L. and roach Rutilus rutilus (L.). LED lights (white, green, red, blue and combinations) were attached inside the traps. The use of LED lights did not increase fish CPUE. Contrary to expectation, Eurasian perch catches were higher in traps without LED lights. Significant variation in CPUEs was observed, but without interaction with light treatments. The LED lights tested in this study do not increase the effectiveness of trap fishery targeting Eurasian perch and roach in Finnish lakes in the ice‐free season.
Zooplankton β diversity dynamics and metacommunity structure depend on spatial and temporal scales in a Neotropical floodplain
Authors: Diniz Leidiane Pereira , Petsch Danielle Katharine , Bonecker Claudia Costa 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Both β diversity and metacommunity structure vary in time and space. It is necessary to examine different scales, especially in the face of extreme hydrological conditions.

We investigated seasonal variation in β diversity and Elements of Metacommunity Structure [EMS] of zooplankton during four years (two years of prolonged drought and two years with extreme flood events) and at two spatial scales (sub‐basins and floodplain; smaller and larger spatial scale, respectively).

We sampled 29 lakes quarterly during four years in the Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. We estimated the replacement component of β diversity using the Jaccard dissimilarity index. We also used EMS to determine the metacommunity pattern of zooplankton distribution in each period and spatial scale.

The flood peak observed in the snapshot sampling drove the homogenization of zooplanktonic assemblages. However, β diversity was not reduced in the two years with extreme flood events compared to the period of prolonged drought at either of the spatial scales (floodplain and sub‐basins), except for a single sub‐basin. This finding shows the importance of longer‐term ecological studies to better capture the dynamics of the zooplanktonic metacommunity.

Regardless of the hydrological period and spatial scale zooplanktonic metacommunity structure remained practically constant throughout the four years, with a predominance of species range turnover (Clementsian). At the smallest spatial scale (sub‐basins), we found quasi‐structural patterns (quasi‐Clementsian and quasi‐Gleasonian). The predominance of the Clementsian pattern suggests that the associations of zooplankton species in the floodplain responded similarly to the environmental gradient and that the responses differed among species groups.

Over time, the smaller spatial scale (sub‐basin) better represents the dynamics of β diversity than the larger spatial scale (floodplain), and better represents the structure of the zooplankton metacommunity. However, we emphasize the need for further studies to consider different biological groups and larger spatial scale over time to maximize the understanding of aquatic metacommunities dynamics.

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The bioenergy crop Sorghum bicolor is a relevant pollen source for honey bees (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Siede Reinhold , Eickhoff Benedikt , Freyer Christian , Windpassinger Steffen , Büchler Ralph 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAbundance and diversity of pollinating insects are decreasing. Intensification of agricultural bioenergy production is presumed to accelerate the decline of pollinators. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is a promising bioenergy crop. Enhanced dual‐purpose type cultivars have been developed and tested for suitability for bioenergy cropping in Germany. Sorghum is assumed to be a nutritional resource for pollen‐collecting insects. To evaluate this assumption, we studied the foraging strategy of A. mellifera colonies, which were migrated to sorghum fields in Germany. The bee hives were equipped with bottom fixed pollen traps. The pollen loads of the colonies contained variable shares of sorghum pollen ranging between approx. 10% and 50% (weight/weight). Sorghum pollen occurred frequently in more than 50% of all pollen samples. Experimental mini colonies were placed in plots which were grown with two varieties of sorghum, phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia), maize (Zea mays) and a control plot without any vegetation. All plots were encased with flight tents. Significant effects of the crop were found for the productivity parameters brood rearing and pollen collection. The sorghum and maize variants performed significantly better than the controls but significantly poorer than phacelia (p < 0.05). The parameters number of dead bees and colony sizes were not affected by the crops (p < 0.05). Pollen of sorghum is a valuable food for bees which supports nursing of bee brood, but its availability proved to be inferior to phacelia as the pollen shedding of sorghum lasted a considerably shorter time. Pollen collection by honeybees did not negatively affect seed yield of sorghum in any case. Under unfavourable weather conditions, flower visiting bees enhanced seed yield of sorghum.
Converting perennial energy crops cup plant and field grass to arable cropping affects weed infestation, soil nitrogen mineralization and subsequent silage maize yield
Authors: Schittenhelm Siegfried , Panten Kerstin , Gabriel Doreen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPerennial energy crop (PEC) fields need to be reintegrated into the farm's crop rotation when yield performance declines after years of use or when the farm operation requires it. In this study, 8‐year‐old stands of cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) and lucerne grass followed by field grass were converted to arable cropping, while continuous silage maize (Zea mays L.) grown over the same period served as a control. The study aimed to assess changes in the weed flora, control of cup plant regrowth, pre‐crop value of PECs for subsequently grown maize and N release through mineralization of crop litter and soil organic matter in the first year after converting the PECs. The previously practiced cropping systems resulted in widely divergent maize weed populations. About 90% of the cup plant volunteers were successfully eliminated by two treatments of herbicides containing clopyralid. Maize following cup plant exhibited a faster soil cover, earlier male and female flowering, taller plants and a 10.6% and 13.6% higher aboveground biomass yield than former field grass and maize respectively. The N release by mineralization of 222 and 238 kg N ha−1 following cup plant and field grass conversion, respectively, clearly exceeded the 129 kg N ha−1 observed in the maize control. The residual mineral nitrogen in the 90 cm soil profile after the maize harvest was also significantly higher in the former field grass and cup plant plots than in the maize control. The excess N in the first year after reverting to annual cropping runs the risk of N leaching. Given that N fertilization is substantially reduced after cup plant and field grass conversion, maize appears to be a well‐suited follow‐up crop due to its good suppression of cup plant volunteers and high N uptake capacity which helps minimize nutrient losses to the environment.