bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atremorine in Parkinson's disease: From dopaminergic neuroprotection to pharmacogenomics
Authors: Cacabelos Ramón , Carrera Iván , Martínez Olaia , Alejo Ramón , Fernández‐Novoa Lucía , Cacabelos Pablo , Corzo Lola , Rodríguez Susana , Alcaraz Margarita , Nebril Laura , Tellado Iván , Cacabelos Natalia , Pego Rocío , Naidoo Vinogran , Carril Juan C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAtremorine is a novel bioproduct obtained by nondenaturing biotechnological processes from a genetic species of Vicia faba. Atremorine is a potent dopamine (DA) enhancer with powerful effects on the neuronal dopaminergic system, acting as a neuroprotective agent in Parkinson's disease (PD). Over 97% of PD patients respond to a single dose of Atremorine (5 g, p.o.) 1 h after administration. This response is gender‐, time‐, dose‐, and genotype‐dependent, with optimal doses ranging from 5 to 20 g/day, depending upon disease severity and concomitant medication. Drug‐free patients show an increase in DA levels from 12.14 ± 0.34 pg/ml to 6463.21 ± 1306.90 pg/ml; and patients chronically treated with anti‐PD drugs show an increase in DA levels from 1321.53 ± 389.94 pg/ml to 16,028.54 ± 4783.98 pg/ml, indicating that Atremorine potentiates the dopaminergic effects of conventional anti‐PD drugs. Atremorine also influences the levels of other neurotransmitters (adrenaline, noradrenaline) and hormones which are regulated by DA (e.g., prolactin, PRL), with no effect on serotonin or histamine. The variability in Atremorine‐induced DA response is highly attributable to pharmacogenetic factors. Polymorphic variants in pathogenic (SNCA, NUCKS1, ITGA8, GPNMB, GCH1, BCKDK, APOE, LRRK2, ACMSD), mechanistic (DRD2), metabolic (CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4/5, NAT2), transporter (ABCB1, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4) and pleiotropic genes (APOE) influence the DA response to Atremorine and its psychomotor and brain effects. Atremorine enhances DNA methylation and displays epigenetic activity via modulation of the pharmacoepigenetic network. Atremorine is a novel neuroprotective agent for dopaminergic neurons with potential prophylactic and therapeutic activity in PD.
Genetic variations in DNA repair gene NEIL1 associated with radiation pneumonitis risk in lung cancer patients
Authors: Zheng Yuming , Zheng Leizhen , Yu Jiahua , Jiang Mawei , Zhang Songfang , Cai Xuwei , Zhu Meiling 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundRadiation pneumonitis (RP) is a common side effect in lung cancer patients who received radiotherapy. Our previous study found genetic variations in DNA repair gene NEIL1 may be a predictor of RP in patients with esophageal cancer. So, we hypothesis genetic variations in NEIL1 gene could affect the risk of RP in lung cancer patients following radiotherapy.MethodsGenetic variations rs4462560 G>C and rs7402844 C>G in NEIL1 gene were genotyped in 174 lung cancer patients received radio(chemo)therapy. Luciferase assay, real‐time PCR and Western blot were used to access the effect of the variants on NEIL1 in HELF and HEF cell lines which were transfected with plasmids containing rs4462560 G>C and rs7402844 C>G.ResultsPatients with rs4462560 CC genotype had a lower risk of RP grade ≥2 than GG genotype. Compared with the CC genotype, rs7402844 GG genotype was associated with an increased RP grade ≥2 risk. What is more, rs4462560 G decreased the relative luciferase activity of NEIL1 gene promoter compared with the negative control in vitro, while rs4462560 C can increase the relative luciferase activity. The mRNA and protein level of the NEIL1 gene in rs4462560 G were lower than rs4462560 C.ConclusionsGenetic variants of NEIL1 are associated with RP risk through regulation of NEIL1 expression and serve as independent biomarkers for prediction of RP in patients treated with thoracic radiotherapy.
Genital lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) and leg LVA to prevent the recurrence of genital acquired lymphangiectasia
Authors: Hara Hisako , Mihara Makoto 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundGenital acquired lymphangiectasia (GAL) commonly recurs after simple resection. This study aimed to elucidate the efficacy of lymphaticovenous anastomosis (LVA) in the genital region or legs for preventing GAL recurrence after resection.MethodsWe retrospectively investigated 25 female patients who underwent GAL resection and LVA, lymphoscintigraphy, and indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography. Isotope or ICG was injected into the leg. Medicine accumulating in the genitals indicates lymphatic flow from the legs to the genitals (type 1). In some cases, we injected ICG into the anus to detect lymphatic flow from the anus to the genitals (type 2). Based on the findings, we selected LVA site (genital or leg).ResultsThe mean patient age was 61.4 (range, 42–81) years. Seventeen patients underwent leg LVA only, while eight patients underwent genital LVA. The mean follow‐up period was 285 (range, 87–365) days. GAL recurrence was observed in 10 patients (40.0%): three of eight (37.5%) who underwent genital LVA versus seven of 17 (41.2%) who underwent leg LVA. Among patients with type 2 lymphatic vessels, GAL recurrence was observed in two of six (33.3%) who underwent genital LVA versus five of nine (55.6%) who underwent leg LVA.ConclusionGenital LVA prevented GAL recurrence in patients with type 2 lymphatic flow. Detecting the direction of lymphatic flow around GAL is essential to its successful treatment.
A patient‐focused survey to assess the effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic and social guidelines on people with muscular dystrophy
Authors: Eichinger Katy , Lewis Leann , Dilek Nuran , Higgs Kiley , Walker Michaela , Palmer David , Cooley John M. , Johnson Nicholas , Tawil Rabi , Statland Jeffrey 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIntroduction/AimsIn this study, we examined the social and health impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic and social guidelines on people with muscular dystrophies.MethodsA prospective de‐identified electronic survey was distributed to adults with self‐reported facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), myotonic dystrophy (DM), and limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) enrolled in national registries or with patient advocacy groups.The COVID‐19 Impact Survey was developed by muscular dystrophy experts in association with patient collaborators and advocacy groups. The Perceived Stress Scale was used to measure perceived stress.ResultsRespondents (n = 774: 56% FSHD; 35% DM, and 9% LGMD) were mostly women and middle‐aged (range 19–87 y). Rates of COVID‐19 infections were low (<1%), compliance with local social distancing guidelines and policies high (98%). Major challenges reported during the pandemic included: obtaining treatment (40%), managing stress (37%), social distancing (36%), and obtaining essentials (34%). The majority reported a slight worsening in their disease state. Respondents reported moderate stress levels (stress score = 15.4; range = 0–35), with higher stress levels reported by women and those under age 30 y. Three‐quarters of participants who participated in telemedicine visits were satisfied with the encounters; however, most reported a preference for in‐person visits.DiscussionPeople with muscular dystrophy reported moderate stress and challenges during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Interventions such as exercise and stress‐coping strategies, including strategies specific to women or individuals <30 y, may be important. Further investigation is needed into the role of telemedicine in the care of individuals with muscular dystrophy.
Dynamic site response analysis in the face of uncertainty–an approach based on response surface method
Authors: Liu Wenxin , Juang C. Hsein , Chen Qiushi , Chen Guoxing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough advanced modeling techniques such as the finite element method (FEM) have been used successfully in dynamic site response analysis, the high computational expense has hindered the incorporation of input parameter uncertainty in such analysis. Thus, when the variation of the peak ground acceleration (PGA) at the ground surface, which is the outcome of the site response analysis, has to be evaluated in the face of uncertainty, a surrogate model such as Response Surface Method (RSM) model is often used in lieu of the FEM model. In this paper, the RSM surrogate model was implemented in the context of seismic site response analysis to evaluate the variation (or uncertainty) of the PGA due to the propagation of input parameter uncertainty. The engineering implication of the variation of the surface PGA is significant as this knowledge is required for such tasks as reliability analysis of soil liquefaction and probabilistic seismic risk analysis. To derive the RSM model specifically for a site response analysis, a parametric study of the dynamic site responses using FEM code ABAQUS with the modified Davidenkov soil constitutive model implemented as a user‐defined material subroutine is first conducted. The input parameters, including the soil profile, soil properties, and input ground motion, in a typical dynamic site response analysis are then characterized and screened for their suitability to be included in the RSM model. For a given site response problem in the face of uncertainty, representative “samples” are taken for site response analysis using ABAQUS, and the analyses are carried out and finally the response surface is constructed using the outcomes of the ABAQUS numerical experimentations. The accuracy of the developed RSM model is then validated using the results of ABAQUS on cases not used in the development of the RSM model. Once the RSM model is deemed satisfactory, the reliability‐based formulation for evaluating the mean and standard deviation of the surface PGA is established. Example is provided to illustrate the RSM approach for dynamic site response analysis in the face of input parameter uncertainty.
Enhanced recovery protocols in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery: An umbrella review
Authors: Li Jing , Lin Frances , Yu Shuhui , Marshall Andrea P. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo identify, synthesize and appraise the systematic reviews of ERAS for patients undergoing pancreatic surgery and facilitate ERAS implementation.DesignAn umbrella review was used to identify systematic reviews.MethodsA systematic search following the PRISMA guidelines was used to search databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CNKI, WanFang and VJIP. AMSTAR 2 was used to appraise the quality of included reviews.ResultsTen systematic reviews were included. The quality of all included systematic reviews was rated as “critically low.” The most frequently reported ERAS elements were epidurals analgesia/PCA (9/10), goal‐directed mobilization (9/10) and early removal of drains (9/10). Only one review mentioned audit protocol compliance. None of the included reviews reported discharge standards. Ten reviews reported decreased length of stay, seven reviews reported lower hospital costs, and six reviews reported decreased total complications rate. There were no adverse effects reported.
A narrative review of paracetamol‐induced hypotension: Keeping the patient safe
Authors: Young Tricia L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimTo understand the prevalence and epidemiology of paracetamol‐induced hypotension and clinical implications for contemporaneous practice.DesignNarrative review.MethodsIn May and June 2020, an open‐date literature search of English publications indexed in ProQuest, PubMed, and EBSCO was conducted with the search terms ‘acetaminophen’ and ‘hypotension’ and related search combinations (‘paracetamol’, ‘propacetamol’, ‘low blood pressure’, ‘fever’, ‘sepsis’, and ‘shock’) to identify peer‐reviewed publications of blood pressure changes after paracetamol administration in humans.ResultsA pattern of blood pressure reduction following the administration of paracetamol is demonstrated in the 27 studies included in this review. Haemodynamic intervention often followed persistent blood pressure reduction, and was greatest in febrile critically ill patients who received parenteral paracetamol.
Polymer‐Supported Liquid Layer Electrolyzer Enabled Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to CO with High Energy Efficiency
Authors: Li Shangyu , Ma Yiwen , Zhao Tiancheng , Li Jiaxin , Kang Xinyue , Guo Wen , Wen Yunzhou , Wang Liping , Wang Yurui , Lin Renxing , Li Tiantian , Tan Hairen , Peng Huisheng , Zhang Bo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) is a favorable approach to reduce CO2 emission while converting excess sustainable energy to important chemical feedstocks. At high current density (>100 mA cm−2), low energy efficiency (EE) and unaffordable cell cost limit the industrial application of conventional CO2 electrolyzers. Thus, a crucial and urgent task is to design a new type of CO2 electrolyzer that can work efficiently at high current density. Here we report a polymer‐supported liquid layer (PSL) electrolyzer using polypropylene non‐woven fabric as a separator between anode and cathode. Ag based cathode was fed with humid CO2 and potassium hydroxide was fed to earth‐abundant NiFe‐based anode. In this configuration, the PSL provided high‐pH condition for the cathode reaction and reduced the cell resistance, achieving a high full cell EE over 66 % at 100 mA cm−2.
Friendship quality and ethnocultural boys: An exploratory evaluation of the WiseGuyz Program
Authors: Exner‐Cortens Deinera , Claussen Caroline , Lewis Stefan , Orukpe Abimbola M. , Coupland Kerry 
Published: June 2021

AbstractTier 1 school mental health programs for middle school youth often focus on healthy relationships promotion. However, the vast majority of these programs take a gender‐ and race‐neutral approach (i.e., content that does not focus on the way that gender, race, and ethnicity intersect to shape relationships and mental health). Embedding these intersections into Tier 1 programs is critical to equitably advancing mental health for middle school youth. This article specifically explores associations between participation in a Tier 1 gender‐transformative healthy relationships program and friendship quality for Ethnocultural boys. Data were drawn from 278 White and Ethnocultural boys who participated in the program in 2016–2017 or 2017–2018 in a Western Canadian province. Data were analyzed using three‐level multilevel models. In these data, we found that Ethnocultural boys who participated in WiseGuyz reported improved friendship quality with their closest same‐sex friend following the end of the program. We also found that Ethnocultural boys who reported a positive change in male role norms related to emotional restriction reported significant improvements to friendship quality from pre‐ to post‐test. Findings suggest the importance of embedding equity into Tier 1 school mental health programming through a specific focus on intersections between gender, race, and ethnicity.
Families’ experiences of child and adolescent brain tumor: A systematic review and synthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Young Kate , Bowers Alison , Bradford Natalie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesBrain tumors are the most common and fatal of all solid tumors for children and adolescents; those who survive live with long‐term physical and emotional consequences, as do their families. We aimed to synthesize relevant qualitative evidence on families’ experiences and psychosocial service needs across the lifespan to identify gaps in care delivery and research.MethodsSearches were conducted in Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Embase, and Web of Science. Identified papers were assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. Data were extracted into NVivo12 and analyzed by qualitative description and, where appropriate, thematic analysis.ResultsThe search yielded 628 papers, of which 40 (33 studies) were eligible (6%). Although the methodological quality of the papers was low, we identified concerns that were consistently reported over time and from different perspectives. Individual family members had varying psychosocial needs to be addressed within healthcare, schooling, and public policy. These include for survivor’s mental health (particularly for body image), and to the disproportionate biopsychosocial burden faced by mother‐caregivers.ConclusionsAddressing the biological aspects of brain tumor cannot be our only focus. We have an obligation to provide services that meet the needs of families across diagnosis, treatment, survivorship, palliative care, and bereavement.
Primary ciliary dyskinesia due to CCNO mutations—A genotype‐phenotype correlation contribution
Authors: Henriques Ana Raquel , Constant Carolina , Descalço Andreia , Pinto Andreia , Moura Nunes J , Sampaio Pedro , Lopes Susana S , Pereira Luísa , Bandeira Teresa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is genetically and clinically heterogeneous. CCNO mutations are associated with chronic destructive lung disease and were first described in 2014. Early reports suggest that CCNO is mutated more frequently than expected, however, these are considered rare. We report on three eleven‐year‐old children with PCD due to CCNO mutations. All children presented early‐onset respiratory symptoms, no cardiac or situs anomalies and moderate to severe clinical courses. Patients 1 and 3 were admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit due to respiratory distress. Patients 1 and 2 had atelectasis and lobar collapse, for which lobectomy was performed for patient 1. Patient 3 also presented otitis media with effusion with conductive hearing loss, requiring tympanostomy tube insertion twice. Diagnosis of PCD for all three required repeated nasal brushings, delaying diagnostic confirmation. Microscopy analysis revealed severely decreased numbers of cilia, but normal ultrastructure and uncoordinated beat pattern in the residual cilia. Surprisingly, the prevalence of pathogenic CCNO variants in our centre is higher than expected (three out of sixteen patients). Pathogenic variants in PCD‐causing genes lead to specific ultrastructural defects, and there is a suggestion for genotype‐phenotype association. However, there are little longitudinal data evaluating the impact of specific defects on disease progression, but a recent study showed a worse lung disease and poorer nutritional status. Concluding, this report underlies the importance of patient‐oriented diagnosis and management in highly experienced PCD centres.
Long‐term overall survival of radical prostatectomy patients is often superior to the general population: A comparison using life‐table data
Authors: Würnschimmel Christoph , Wenzel Mike , Wang Nuowei , Tian Zhe , Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Graefen Markus , Huland Hartwig , Tilki Derya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundTo examine overall survival rates within a large cohort of German prostate cancer (PCa) patients and to compare these with life‐expectancy (LE) predictions derived from German life tables. We hypothesized that the advantage of good general health in radical prostatectomy (RP) patients combined with favorable cancer outcomes might lead to even higher overall survival rates over 10 years compared to the LE of a general population.MethodsA total of 6483 patients were treated with RP between 1992 and 2007 at the Martini‐Klinik Prostate Cancer Center. Preoperative risk classification was performed according to D'Amico. Postoperative risk classification was performed according to the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment score (CAPRA‐S). A simulated cohort was created that resembled the exact age distribution of the RP population using Monte Carlo simulation which was based on data derived from official male German life tables (1992–2017). Markov chain was used to represent natural age progression of the simulated cohort. Kaplan–Meier plots were created to display the differences between 10‐year observed overall survival (OS) and the simulated, predicted LE.ResultsFor D'Amico low risk and intermediate risk, 10‐year OS was 12.0% and 9.2% above predicted LE in the simulated cohort, respectively. For D'Amico high risk, OS was virtually the same as predicted LE (0.8% difference in favor of RP treated patients). For CAPRA‐S low and intermediate risk, OS was 11.8% and 9.7% above predicted LE. For CAPRA‐S high risk, OS was virtually the same as predicted LE (0.3% difference in favor of the simulated cohort).ConclusionsLow‐ and intermediate risk PCa patients treated with RP can expect a very favorable overall survival, that even exceeds LE predictions. High risk patients' overall survival perfectly aligns with LE predictions.
Acceleration spectrum analysis of hyperbolic tangent package under random excitation
Authors: Yang Song‐Ping , Wang Zhi‐Wei 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMany packaging cushion materials follow the hyperbolic tangent type of constitutive relation, so a hyperbolic tangent stiffness non‐linearity was derived to describe the stiffness property of the package. Transport package was modelled as the single degree of freedom (SDOF) of hyperbolic tangent spring–mass–damping (SMD) system. The displacement and velocity responses of the system were obtained by Fokker–Planck–Kolmogorov (FPK) equation. Based on the kinematic equation and integral transforming, the approximate analytic solution of the acceleration response power spectral density (PSD) of the hyperbolic tangent package was established for the first time, and the influences of system non‐linearities on the acceleration response PSD were investigated. Validation experiment with a complete packaged computer was carried out to verify the proposed approach. Non‐linearity of the stiffness influenced the acceleration response PSD through the effect of parameter γ and statistical moment mi0. The frequency corresponding to acceleration response peak was determined by the damping correlation coefficient α and parameter γ, which was determined by system characteristic parameter β, frequency parameter ω0 and statistical moment mi0. The proposed approach can be used to predict the acceleration response PSD of transport package, and the analysis has important value for packaging optimization design.
Assessing the effects of calculated inaction on national responses to the COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Zahariadis Nikolaos , Ceccoli Stephen , Petridou Evangelia 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHow does calculated inaction affect subsequent responses to the COVID‐19 crisis? We argue that when governments employ calculated inaction during crises, they are more likely to manipulate the technical (scientific) aspects of national responses and highlight symbolic politics, each in the name of projecting power and strengthening the regime's governing authority. Using theoretical insight from McConnell and 't Hart's policy inaction typology, we investigate sense‐making and crisis response narratives in China and Greece. We conclude with implications for policymaking and the crisis management literature.
Differentially private distributed online learning over time‐varying digraphs via dual averaging
Authors: Han Dongyu , Liu Kun , Lin Yeming , Xia Yuanqing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article investigates a distributed online learning problem with privacy preservation, in which the learning nodes in a distributed network aims to minimize the sum of local loss functions over time horizon . Based on the push‐sum protocol and the Laplace mechanism, we propose a differentially private distributed dual averaging algorithm for constrained distributed online learning problem over time‐varying digraphs. It is shown that the expectation of the regret of our algorithm achieves a sublinear rate of . Furthermore, we provide an analysis of differential privacy, which reveals a tradeoff between the accuracy and the privacy level of our algorithm. Finally, numerical examples are presented to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm.