bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does 3D-assisted surgery of tibial plateau fractures improve surgical and patient outcome? A systematic review of 1074 patients
Authors: Assink Nick , Reininga Inge H. F. , ten Duis Kaj , Doornberg Job N. , Hoekstra Harm , Kraeima Joep , Witjes Max J. H. , de Vries Jean-Paul P. M. , IJpma Frank F. A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this systematic review was to provide an overview of current applications of 3D technologies in surgical management of tibial plateau fractures and to assess whether 3D-assisted surgery results in improved clinical outcome as compared to surgery based on conventional imaging modalities.

Methods
A literature search was performed in Pubmed and Embase for articles reporting on the use of 3D techniques in operative management of tibial plateau fractures. This systematic review was performed in concordance with the PRISMA-guidelines. Methodological quality and risk of bias was assessed according to the guidelines of the McMaster Critical Appraisal. Differences in terms of operation time, blood loss, fluoroscopy frequency, intra-operative revision rates and patient-reported outcomes between 3D-assisted and conventional surgery were assessed. Data were pooled using the inverse variance weighting method in RevMan.

Results
Twenty articles evaluating 948 patients treated with 3D-assisted surgery and 126 patients with conventional surgery were included. Five different concepts of 3D-assisted surgery were identified: ‘3D virtual visualization’, ‘3D printed hand-held fracture models’, ‘Pre-contouring of osteosynthesis plates’, ‘3D printed surgical guides’, and ‘Intra-operative 3D imaging’. 3D-assisted surgery resulted in reduced operation time (104.7 vs. 126.4 min; P < 0.01), less blood loss (241 ml vs. 306 ml; P < 0.01), decreased frequency of fluoroscopy (5.8 vs. 9.1 times; P < 0.01). No differences in functional outcome was found (Hospital for Special Surgery Knee-Rating Scale: 88.6 vs. 82.8; P = 0.23).

Conclusions
Five concepts of 3D-assisted surgical management of tibial plateau fractures emerged over the last decade. These include 3D virtual fracture visualization, 3D-printed hand-held fracture models for surgical planning, 3D-printed models for pre-contouring of osteosynthesis plates, 3D-printed surgical guides, and intra-operative 3D imaging. 3D-assisted surgery may have a positive effect on operation time, blood loss, and fluoroscopy frequency.
Fibre bridging and nozzle clogging in 3D printing of discontinuous carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites: coupled CFD-DEM modelling
Authors: Zhang Hao , Zhang Lixing , Zhang Haoqi , Wu Jiang , An Xizhong , Yang Dongmin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA coupled multiphase model based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) is developed to numerically investigate the extrusion-based 3D printing process of discontinuous carbon fibre-reinforced polymer composites. Short carbon fibres are modelled as rigid bodies by clumping discrete spheres in DEM, while polymer matrix is treated as an incompressible Newtonian fluid in CFD. A fluid-particle interaction model is adopted to couple DEM and CFD and represent the dynamic fibre/matrix interaction. Collisions between fibres are considered naturally in DEM by using the Hertz-Mindlin contact law. The coupled CFD-DEM is validated, both qualitatively and quantitatively, against X-ray microtomography (μCT) experimental results for the T300/PA6 composite. Parametric study on various fibre lengths, fibre volume fraction and resin viscosity using the CFD-DEM model shows that the nozzle clogging tends to occur when the fibre length and/or the fibre volume fraction are increased. Use of a polymer matrix with a lower viscosity can be effective to eliminate the clogging issue when printing composites with relatively short fibres. The fibre length is dominating when long fibres are used and the clogging is largely independent on the viscosity of the polymer matrix. Finally, a potential solution of using a cone sleeve insert located above the shrinking region to address the nozzle clogging issue is proposed and numerically assessed.
The impact of selected variants of remote control on power supply reliability indexes of distribution networks
Authors: Kozyra Jacek , Łukasik Zbigniew , Kuśmińska-Fijałkowska Aldona , Kaszuba Paweł 
Published: August 2021

AbstractEnsuring reliability and continuity of energy supply is the main goal of local governments and distribution companies. The continuity of energy supply means capability of a power grid to supply agreed amount of energy, of specific quality, without power cuts. The expectations concerning the quality of supplied energy and ensuring its continuity are constantly growing, and any power cuts have significant impact on comfort of life and manufacturing and service sector. To increase reliability of energy supply and improve condition of a power grid in the distribution companies, the works are conducted to increase power supply reliability indexes.The main goal of this publication is to present a problem of discontinuity of energy supply and actions aiming at improvement of power supply reliability indexes. An analysis of discontinuity of energy supply presented in the article is based on data obtained from a selected department of a distribution company. Based on actual data, the impact of location of remote-controlled controllers on the value of SAIDI and SAIFI was presented. Four variants of remote control on the sequence of a medium-voltage cable line were analysed.
Non-contact elastography methods in mechanobiology: a point of view
Authors: Caponi Silvia , Passeri Alessandra , Capponi Giulio , Fioretto Daniele , Vassalli Massimo , Mattarelli Maurizio 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn recent decades, mechanobiology has emerged as a novel perspective in the context of basic biomedical research. It is now widely recognized that living cells respond not only to chemical stimuli (for example drugs), but they are also able to decipher mechanical cues, such as the rigidity of the underlying matrix or the presence of shear forces. Probing the viscoelastic properties of cells and their local microenvironment with sub-micrometer resolution is required to study this complex interplay and dig deeper into the mechanobiology of single cells. Current approaches to measure mechanical properties of adherent cells mainly rely on the exploitation of miniaturized indenters, to poke single cells while measuring the corresponding deformation. This method provides a neat implementation of the everyday approach to measure mechanical properties of a material, but it typically results in a very low throughput and invasive experimental protocol, poorly translatable towards three-dimensional living tissues and biological constructs. To overcome the main limitations of nanoindentation experiments, a radical paradigm change is foreseen, adopting next generation contact-less methods to measure mechanical properties of biological samples with sub-cell resolution. Here we briefly introduce the field of single cell mechanical characterization, and we concentrate on a promising high resolution optical elastography technique, Brillouin spectroscopy. This non-contact technique is rapidly emerging as a potential breakthrough innovation in biomechanics, but the application to single cells is still in its infancy.
Defining the Inframammary Fold by Liposuction: An Essential Tool in Aesthetic Shaping of the Reconstructed Breast. Technique and Long-term Results in a Series of Patients
Authors: Pinto Valentina , Pignatti Marco , Contu Luca , Cipriani Riccardo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background
A good inframammary fold (IMF) definition and position is essential to achieve a satisfactory and natural result in breast surgery. This structure can be damaged, especially during mastectomies. Multiple methods are reported in the literature to restore IMF or improve its definition. In this study, we present the results achieved in a series of patients treated with subdermal liposuction.

Methods
We report on all our patients who underwent IMF liposuction between January 2016 and June 2020. Subdermal liposuction was performed with a blunt 3 mm cannula along the new IMF to promote skin retraction and adherence between skin and fascia. Results were evaluated subjectively by the patients and objectively by 8 individuals not involved with the treatment.

Results
We performed IMF liposuction in 88 breasts (69 patients), aged 21–74 (mean 52) years for 82 implant-based reconstructions, 2 tuberous breasts, and 4 contralateral breast augmentations. Mean follow-up was 28 months (6–64). Subjective results: the overall result evaluated with the VAS scale reached 86.6/100. All the 22 patients interviewed judged as well defined the new inframammary fold. Objective results: in 83% of cases the definition of the inframammary fold was judged as good or excellent, while symmetry with contralateral IMF, natural appearance, and overall aesthetic outcome were judged as good.

Conclusion
Based on our long-term satisfactory results, we recommend the technique of subdermal liposuction to improve the definition of IMF in breast reconstruction after mastectomy and other breast procedures. It is effective, easy to perform, minimally invasive, and durable.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Functional heterogeneity of CD4+ T cells in liver inflammation
Authors: Muscate Franziska , Woestemeier Anna , Gagliani Nicola 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCD4+ T cells play an essential role in orchestrating adequate immunity, but their overactivity has been associated with the development of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, including liver inflammatory diseases. These cells can be subclassified according to their maturation stage, cytokine profile, and pro or anti-inflammatory functions, i.e., functional heterogeneity. In this review, we summarize what has been discovered so far regarding the role of the different CD4+ T cell polarization states in the progression of two prominent and still different liver inflammatory diseases: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Finally, the potential of CD4+ T cells as a therapeutic target in both NASH and AIH is discussed.
Primary total knee replacement for tibial plateau fractures in older patients: a systematic review of 197 patients
Authors: Tapper V. , Toom A. , Pamilo K. , Niinimäki T. , Nieminen J. , Nurmi S. , Kortekangas T. , Paloneva J. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Tibial plateau fractures are typically treated with osteosynthesis. In older patients, osteosynthesis is associated with some complications, risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis and long partial, or non-weight bearing during the recovery phase. To avoid these problems, primary total knee replacement (TKR) has become an increasingly common treatment option. The aim of this study was to evaluate all the relevant literature and summarize the current evidence-based knowledge on the treatment of tibial plateau fractures with primary TKR in older patients.

Materials and methods
A systematic literature search of studies on total knee replacement (TKR) as primary treatment for acute traumatic tibial plateau fracture was conducted using OVID Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases from 1946 to 18 November 2019. We included all studies without restrictions regarding total knee replacement (TKR) as primary treatment for acute traumatic tibial plateau fracture.

Results
Of the 640 reviewed articles, 16 studies with a total of 197 patients met the inclusion criteria. No controlled trials were available, and the overall quality of the literature was low. The results, using different clinical scoring systems, were good or fair. Four-year follow-up complication (6.1%) and revision (3.6%) rates after primary TKR appeared to be lower than after secondary TKR (complication rate 20–48%, revision rate 8–20%) but higher than after elective primary TKR.

Conclusion
Based on low-quality evidence, TKR appears to be a useful treatment option for tibial plateau fractures in older patients. Controlled trials are mandatory to determine the relative superiority of these two options as primary treatment of tibial plateau fractures in older patients.
Amplification of cestode DNA from the peri-anal region of naturally infected foxes by PCR and LAMP: proof of concept for a potential sampling strategy for diagnosing human taeniosis
Authors: Muchaamba Gillian , Alvarez Rojas Cristian A. , Deplazes Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe diagnosis of human taeniosis can be achieved through coproscopy, ELISA or PCR. An important limitation of these methods is the high turnaround time for stool sample collection and preparation, indicating the need for a straightforward sampling strategy. Due to the high metabolic activity and reproductive potential of Taenia spp., we hypothesise that parasite DNA (cells and eggs) present in the peri-anal region of the host can be exploited as a target for molecular diagnosis. We evaluated the feasibility of recovering parasite DNA from the peri-anal area of foxes naturally infected with Taenia spp. Before necropsy, cotton swabs were rubbed at the peri-anal region of foxes. DNA was extracted using alkaline lysis coupled with a commercial DNA isolation kit (method A) or alkaline lysis alone (method B). DNA was used in the multiplex-PCR assay (previously described and called here swab-PCR) and a novel LAMP assay detecting Taenia spp. commonly found in foxes (swab-LAMP). The results of these assays from 105 foxes were compared with the presence of intestinal helminths determined at necropsy and by the sedimentation and counting technique (SCT). The sensitivity of swab-PCR for detecting Taenia (n = 68) was 89.8% (95% CI, 77.7–96.6) and 89.5% (66.9–98.7) using methods A and B, respectively. The sensitivity of the swab-LAMP assay was 83.7% (70.3–92.7) using method A and 89.5% (66.9–98.7) with method B. We postulate that peri-anal swab sampling followed by simplified DNA extraction and LAMP might be a suitable strategy for surveillance of human taeniosis in resource-limited settings in the future.
An algorithm to compute the strength of competing interactions in the Bering Sea based on pythagorean fuzzy hypergraphs
Authors: Nawaz Hafiza Saba , Akram Muhammad , Alcantud José Carlos R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe networks of various problems have competing constituents, and there is a concern to compute the strength of competition among these entities. Competition hypergraphs capture all groups of predators that are competing in a community through their hyperedges. This paper reintroduces competition hypergraphs in the context of Pythagorean fuzzy set theory, thereby producing Pythagorean fuzzy competition hypergraphs. The data of real-world ecological systems posses uncertainty, and the proposed hypergraphs can efficiently deal with such information to model wide range of competing interactions. We suggest several extensions of Pythagorean fuzzy competition hypergraphs, including Pythagorean fuzzy economic competition hypergraphs, Pythagorean fuzzy row as well as column hypergraphs, Pythagorean fuzzyk-competition hypergraphs,m-step Pythagorean fuzzy competition hypergraphs and Pythagorean fuzzy neighborhood hypergraphs. The proposed graphical structures are good tools to measure the strength of direct and indirect competing and non-competing interactions. Their aptness is illustrated through examples, and results support their intrinsic interest. We propose algorithms that help to compose some of the presented graphical structures. We consider predator-prey interactions among organisms of the Bering Sea as an application: Pythagorean fuzzy competition hypergraphs encapsulate the competing relationships among its inhabitants. Specifically, the algorithm which constructs the Pythagorean fuzzy competition hypergraphs can also compute the strength of competing and non-competing relations of this scenario.
Revisiting the 1992 severe drought episode in South Africa: the role of El Niño in the anomalies of atmospheric circulation types in Africa south of the equator
Authors: Ibebuchi Chibuike Chiedozie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDuring strong El Niño events, below-average rainfall is expected in large parts of southern Africa. The 1992 El Niño season was associated with one of the worst drought episodes in large parts of South Africa. Using reanalysis data set from NCEP-NCAR, this study examined circulation types (CTs) in Africa south of the equator that are statistically related to the El Niño signal in the southwest Indian Ocean and the implication of this relationship during the 1992 drought episode in South Africa. A statistically significant correlation was found between the above-average Nino 3.4 index and a CT that features widespread cyclonic activity in the tropical southwest Indian Ocean, coupled with a weaker state of the south Indian Ocean high-pressure. During the analysis period, it was found that the El Niño signal enhanced the amplitude of the aforementioned CT. The impacts of the El Niño signal on CTs in southern Africa, which could have contributed to the 1992 severe drought episode in South Africa, were reflected in (i) robust decrease in the frequency of occurrence of the austral summer climatology pattern of atmospheric circulation that favors southeasterly moisture fluxes, advected by the South Indian Ocean high-pressure; (ii) modulation of easterly moisture fluxes, advected by the South Atlantic Ocean high-pressure, ridging south of South Africa; (iii) and enhancement of the amplitude of CTs that both enhances subsidence over South Africa, and associated with the dominance of westerlies across the Agulhas current. Under the ssp585 scenario, the analyzed climate models suggested that the impact of radiative heating on the CT significantly related to El Niño might result in an anomalous increase in surface pressure at the eastern parts of South Africa.
Anthropogenic climate change: the impact of the global carbon budget
Authors: Redlin Margarete , Gries Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUsing time series data for the period 1959–2015, our empirical analysis examines the simultaneous effects of the individual components of the global carbon budget on temperature. Specifically, we explore the possible effects of carbon emissions caused by fossil fuel combustion, cement production, land-use change emissions, and carbon sinks (here in terms of land sink and ocean sink) on climate change. The simultaneous inclusion of carbon emissions and carbon sinks allows us to look at the coexistent and opposing effects of the individual components of the carbon budget and thus provides a holistic perspective from which to explore the relationship between the global carbon budget and global warming. The results reveal a significant positive effect of carbon emissions on temperature for both fossil fuels emissions and emissions from land-use change, confirming previous results concerning carbon dioxide and temperature. Further, while ocean sink does not seem to have a significant effect, we identify a temperature-decreasing effect for land sink.
Klinische Erfahrung und deren Auswirkungen auf Interventionstechnik und Working Alliance
Authors: Steinmair Dagmar , Datz Felicitas , Löffler-Stastka Henriette 
Published: August 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Wichtigkeit einer tragenden Arzt/Therapeut-Patient-Beziehung konnte als der wesentliche Faktor für den Therapieerfolg herausgearbeitet werden. Mit zunehmender klinischer Erfahrung verbessert sich die Fähigkeit von Behandlern, auch in komplexeren klinischen Situationen akkurate diagnostische und therapeutische Entscheidungen zu treffen. Bisher konnte zwar kein direkter Einfluss der klinischen Erfahrung auf die therapeutische Allianz nachgewiesen werden, allerdings wird deutlich, dass sich Interventionstechnik und damit Interaktionen bei erfahrenen Ärzten/Therapeuten basierend auf intuitiven Prozessen verändern. Konstruktive Interaktionsprozesse bilden das Fundament einer stabilen Arzt/Therapeut-Patient-Beziehung. Analysen nonverbaler Interaktionsaspekte zeigten, dass sich die Bearbeitung sogenannter negativer Spitzenaffekte in der Therapie günstig auf die therapeutische Beziehung und auf den Therapieerfolg auswirken.
Sub-grid Scale Modelling and a-Posteriori Tests with a Morphology Adaptive Multifield Two-Fluid Model Considering Rising Gas Bubbles
Authors: Meller R. , Schlegel F. , Klein M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe predictive simulation of gas–liquid multiphase flows at industrial scales reveals the challenging task to consider turbulence and interfacial structures, which span a large range of length scales. For simulation of relevant applications, a hybrid model can be utilised, which combines the Euler–Euler model for the description of small interfacial structures with a volume-of-fluid model as a scale-resolving multiphase approach. Such a hybrid model needs to be able to simulate interfaces, which are hardly resolved on a coarse numerical grid. The goal of this work is to improve the prediction of interfacial gas–liquid flows on a numerical grid with comparably large grid spacing. From the low-pass filtering of the two-fluid model five unclosed sub-grid scale terms arise. The convective and the surface tension part of the aforementioned contributions are individually modelled with multiple closure formulations. Those models are a-posteriori assessed in cases of two- and three-dimensional gas bubbles rising in stagnant liquid. It is shown, that the chosen closure modelling approach is suitable to improve the predictive power of the numerical model utilised in this work. Hence, simulation results on comparably coarse grids are changed towards results obtained with higher spatial resolution.
Optimizing the location of watercraft inspection stations to slow the spread of aquatic invasive species
Authors: Haight Robert G. , Kinsley Amy C. , Kao Szu-Yu , Yemshanov Denys , Phelps Nicholas B. D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe accidental spread of aquatic invasive species (AIS) by recreational boaters is a major concern of state and county environmental planners in the USA. While programs for watercraft inspection to educate boaters and slow AIS spread are common practice, large numbers of boats and waterbodies, together with limited budgets, make program design difficult. To facilitate program design, we developed an integer programming model for allocation of scarce inspection resources among lakes. Our model uses species-specific infestation status of lakes and estimates of boat movement between lakes. The objective is to select lakes for inspection stations to maximize the number of risky boats inspected, where risky boats are ones that move from infested to uninfested lakes. We apply our model in Stearns County in central Minnesota, USA, to prioritize lakes for inspection stations and evaluate alternative management objectives. With an objective of protecting uninfested lakes within and outside Stearns County, the optimal policy is to locate stations at infested lakes having the most boats departing for uninfested lakes inside and outside the county. With an objective of protecting only Stearns County lakes, the optimal policy is to locate stations at both infested and uninfested lakes having the riskiest boats arriving from within and outside the county and departing to in-county lakes. The tradeoff between these objectives is significant.