bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OMPARATIVE ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF WILD AND CULTIVATED LEAVES OF FICUS CARICA LINN
Authors: Bashir Ullah Nangial 
Published: October 2021

Objective:
To compare the antifungal activity of wild and cultivated Ficus carica Linn (common fig) leaves extract
Materials and Methods:
An experimental study was conducted in the department of Botany Islamia College Peshawar from June 2016 to December 2016 which was shaped in 2021 into a research study in the Department of Community Medicine, Khyber Medical College Peshawar. The agar tube dilution method was used for antifungal activity of the extracts.
Results:
Comparison of Zone of Inhibition (%) in both Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus colonies revealed that cultivated species of Ficus carica Linn (common fig locally known as Anjeer ) had more antifungal property against both the fungal species (63% and higher compared that to wild species having maximum zone of inhibition of 54.54%) with the exception of wild plant extract in polar solvent such as chloroform which had high level of antifungal activity (61.53%) only against Aspegillus fumigatus. The experiment also revealed that extracts from both wild and cultivated Ficus carica Linn leaves in polar solvents such as methanol( also written and referred to methanolic in the article) and chloroform showed higher level of antifungal activity against both the fungal species compared to extract taken in non-polar solvents.

Conclusion:
Extract from cultivated species of Ficus carica Linn had higher level of activity against both the fungal species i.e. Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus, especially extract taken in polar solvents.
Key words: Ficus carica Linn, antifungal, tube dilution, zone of inhibition
Role of Arterial Pressure, Wall Stiffness, Pulse Pressure and Waveform in Arterial Wall Stress/Strain and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: K. Day Thomas 
Published: October 2021

Biomechanical stress applied to the intima of arteries has long been suspected as a factor in the initiation and localisation of atherosclerotic plaque, and it is implicated in the separation of plaque from the underlying arterial wall giving rise to the acute clinical consequences of thrombosis, dissection and embolism. The factors underlying transmural stress were investigated in-vitro using fresh porcine abdominal aortas on an experimental rig in which pulse pressure, pulse waveform, fluid viscosity, pulse rate, vessel wall compliance and systolic and diastolic blood pressure could be varied at will. Vessel wall compliance was progressively reduced by exposure of the artery to formaldehyde vapour for increased periods of time, a saline-treated artery being used as control. Centripetal transmural stress (CTS) and strain were studied by direct observation of the displacement of a compliant false intima (FI) using real-time B and M mode ultrasound, and by measuring the differential pressure between the space beneath the FI and the adjacent vessel lumen. CTS was found to be directly related to pulse pressure (r = 0.907, p < 0.001) and inversely related to vessel wall compliance. It was independently affected by ranked peak pressure waveform (R = 0.93, p < 0.01) being higher with sharp peak pressure and lower when the waveform was rounded, and it peaked in early diastole in untreated vessels, and both in diastole and peak systole in ones stiffened by formaldehyde vapour. Mean arterial pressure exerted a profound effect via its effect on vessel wall stiffness, which was found to rise 7-fold across the mean arterial pressure range 50-130 mmHg and continued to increase in a logarithmic fashion as the upper physiological range of mean arterial pressure was exceeded. There are two potential clinical implications: in mitigating the postulated biomechanical aspects atherogenesis and atherosclerotic plaque detachment, maintaining large vessel wall compliance is important, and the main factor determining this in a healthy artery is mean arterial pressure; if the arterial wall has already become stiffened as a result of disease, and in the absence of critical stenosis, the findings suggest that the appropriate therapeutic targets are modification of pulse pressure and pulse waveform profile. Simply reducing the diastolic pressure in elderly patients may be unwise if the result is a widened pulse pressure and increased transmural strain. The distribution of atheroma at points of focal mechanical strain in the vessel wall may be explicable if the stress induced by an excessive pulse pressure provokes the inflammatory changes seen in repetitive strain injury. Investigation of inflammatory signalling in the vessel wall provoked by repeated mechanical stress may represent a productive area for future research.
Lipoxygenase and Colon Cancer
Authors: Abas Abed AlAdlee Muslim , Ghazi Imran Sahar 
Published: October 2021

The enzymes involved in the oxidative metabolism of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenase (COX), are significant in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. The aim of this study is to estimate the effectiveness and partial purification of LOX and measure gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) activity in the serum of patients with colon cancer in Baghdad. The study included samples from 80 male patients with colon cancer and 50 samples of apparently healthy males (control) as the comparison group. The result displayed a noteworthy increase in lipoxygenase effectiveness (805.0 ± 517.23 IU/L) in the serum of patients with colon cancer (stage pT3) compared with control (114.6 ± 49.77 IU/L). The enzyme was purified by the precipitation of the serum protein using 40% (NH4)2SO4 and then removing the remaining salts by dialysis. The column of gel (Sephadex G.100) was used to separate the enzyme from another protein, in this step a single peak was obtained. The effective part of lipoxygenase is at yield 71.42% and folds 11.033. The ion exchange chromatography (DEAE–CeA50) was used to isolate LOX isoenzyme, and two bands (LOX1 and LOX2) were acquired with different degree of purity 16.372 and 12.16 folds, respectively. The result displayed a noteworthy increase in the GGT activity in patients (58.69 ± 16.94 IU/L) compared with control (12.79 ± 5.68 IU/L) p ≤ 0.0001. The increase in the activity of LOX can be potentially used as a tumor marker for colorectal cancer.
Effectiveness of Thrombectomy in Stroke According to Baseline Prognostic Factors: Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Analysis of a Population-Based Registry
Authors: Rudilosso Salvatore , Ríos José , Rodríguez Alejandro , Gomis Meritxell , Vera Víctor , Gómez-Choco Manuel , Renú Arturo , Matos Núria , Llull Laura , Purroy Francisco , Amaro Sergio , Terceño Mikel , Obach Víctor , Serena Joaquim , Martí-Fàbregas Joan , Cardona Pedro , Molina Carlos , Rodríguez-Campello Ana , Cánovas David , Krupinski Jerzy , Ustrell Xavier , Torres Ferran , Román Luis San , Salvat-Plana Mercè , Jiménez-Fàbrega Francesc  Xavier , Palomeras Ernest , Catena Esther , Colom Carla , Cocho Dolores , Baiges Juanjo , Aragones Josep Maria , Diaz Gloria , Costa Xavier , Almendros María Cruz , Rybyeba Maria , Barceló Miquel , Carrión Dolors , Lòpez Matilde Núria , Sanjurjo Eduard , de la Ossa Natalia Pérez , Urra Xabier , Chamorro Ángel ,   for the Catalan Stroke Code and Reperfusion (Cat-SCR) Consortium
Published: October 2021

Background and Purpose In real-world practice, the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is uncertain in stroke patients with very favorable or poor prognostic profiles at baseline. We studied the effectiveness of MT versus medical treatment stratifying by different baseline prognostic factors. Methods Retrospective analysis of 2,588 patients with an ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion nested in the population-based registry of stroke code activations in Catalonia from January 2017 to June 2019. The effect of MT on good functional outcome (modified Rankin Score ≤2) and survival at 3 months was studied using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis in three pre-defined baseline prognostic groups: poor (if pre-stroke disability, age >85 years, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] >25, time from onset >6 hours, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score <6, proximal vertebrobasilar occlusion, supratherapeutic international normalized ratio >3), good (if NIHSS <6 or distal occlusion, in the absence of poor prognostic factors), or reference (not meeting other groups’ criteria). Results Patients receiving MT (n=1,996, 77%) were younger, had less pre-stroke disability, and received systemic thrombolysis less frequently. These differences were balanced after the IPTW stratified by prognosis. MT was associated with good functional outcome in the reference (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 4.4), and especially in the poor baseline prognostic stratum (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.6 to 5.9), but not in the good prognostic stratum. MT was associated with survival only in the poor prognostic stratum (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0 to 3.3).Conclusions Despite their worse overall outcomes, the impact of thrombectomy over medical management was more substantial in patients with poorer baseline prognostic factors than patients with good prognostic factors.
Vikingens udødelige sang
Authors: Jørgensen Lea Grosen 
Published: October 2021

Lea Grosen Jørgensen: “The Viking’s Undying Song – A Comparison of Old Norse Poems and Heroic Portrayals in Vikings (2013-) and Oehlenschläger’s Regnar Lodbrok (1849)”
This article discusses the portrayal of the legendary Viking Regnar Lodbrok in Michael Hirst’s TV series Vikings and Adam Oehlenchläger’s Romantic poem Regnar Lodbrok. Focusing on the incorporation of the Old Norse death song “Krákumál” in both the series and the poem, the article shows that the reinterpretations of the death song determine the versions of the Viking hero. Reinventing the hero after the fashion of their own age, as either a modern self-made hero or as a tender warrior-skald , Hirst and Oehlenschläger contribute to the perception of the Viking Age in the twenty-first and the nineteenth century, respectively.
For konge og fædreland
Authors: Møller Lis 
Published: October 2021

Lis Møller: “For King and Fatherland – King Valdemar the Victorious in works by B.S. Ingemann and Agnes Slott-Møller”
This article offers a comparative reading of two fictionalized renditions in two different media of the Danish king Valdemar the Victorious (1170-1241): B.S. Ingemann’s historical novel Valdemar Seier (1826) and Agnes Slott-Møller’s cycle of historical paintings Valdemar Sejr (1927-1934). Focusing on Ingemann’s and Slott-Møller’s medievalism and their views on the nature and function of historical fiction and historical painting, respectively, the article argues that the two representations of King Valdemar are in fact compatible. What sets them apart is the historical context.
Norm Exemption in States’ NPT Nuclear Disarmament Obligations
Authors: Masni Melly 
Published: October 2021

The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) is highly appreciated for its ability to stop further nuclear proliferation in the world. Since its existence, this treaty has been said to be successful in preventing potential states from possessing weapons of mass destruction. At least, there are more than 40 states who have the capability to develop their own nuclear programmes, although such programmes are restrained from coming to fruition. However, this successful story has not taken place in the area of nuclear disarmament. None of its nuclear weapon-owning members seem to proceed with realising a full disarmament aim. This raises the question of why the NPT is unable to achieve success in the field of nuclear disarmament as it has in the field of nuclear non-proliferation. The NPT does not only contain the idea of nuclear non-proliferation, but also the idea of nuclear disarmament. In understanding this question, using a political psychology approach, this study finds that nuclear-weapon states face the so-called moral dilemma between the desire to achieve national interests and the desire to fulfil social demands required by the international norm. By taking advantage of the shortcomings in the NPT narrative as well as relevant world situations, these states attempt to be exempted from dismantling nuclear weapons under their possession.
Przekład i (bez)krytyczna analiza dyskursu
Authors: Muskat-Tabakowska Elżbieta 
Published: October 2021

Celem artykułu jest potwierdzenie tezy, że postulat transdyscyplinarności, wysuwany w rozważaniach dotyczących współczesnego przekładoznawstwa, znajduje uzasadnienie w zbieżności podstawowych założeń językoznawstwa kognitywnego, krytycznej analizy dyskursu i wiedzy o przekładzie. „Zwrot kulturowy” w przekładoznawstwie, odnotowany w tym samym czasie, co „zwrot kognitywny” w nauce o języku, oznacza możliwość wkroczenia obu dyscyplin na teren praktycznie zarezerwowany dla badań nad krytyczną analizą dyskursu. Przełamanie niechęci lub braku zainteresowania dla sąsiednich dyscyplin prowadzi do rozszerzenia wspólnej płaszczyzny działania. Tezę ilustruje studium przypadku: przykład tłumaczenia tekstu, o którego językowym kształcie decyduje szeroki kontekst społeczny i kulturowy.
INVESTIGAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA: UMA ALTERNATIVA METODOLÓGICA PARA O ENSINO DA GEOMETRIA COM ALUNOS DO 5º ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL / MATHEMATICAL RESEARCH: A METHODOLOGICAL ALTERNATIVE FOR TEACHING GEOMETRY WITH STUDENTS OF THE 5th YEAR OF FUNDAMENTAL EDUCATION
Authors: Vian Joseane Marta , Quartieri Marli Teresinha 
Published: October 2021

Neste trabalho, teve-se por objetivo, analisar estratégias que os alunos de uma turma de 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental, utilizam ao realizar tarefas investigativas, envolvendo o cálculo de áreas e perímetros de figuras planas. Ademais procurou-se, investigar as conjecturas elaboradas por estes alunos para comparar figuras de mesma área, mas com valores de perímetros diferentes e vice-versa. Foram utilizadas as etapas propostas por Ponte, Brocardo e Oliveira (2006), para desenvolver duas tarefas envolvendo a Investigação Matemática. Como instrumentos de coletas de dados foram utilizados diários de campo, resolução de tarefas, observações, questionários, gravação de voz e filmagens. Para a análise dos dados, optou-se pela análise descritiva, que consiste na descrição de características de determinados fenômenos. Para a resolução das tarefas investigativas propostas os alunos usaram o material concreto e o desenho. Percebeu-se que o trabalho em grupo foi produtivo, para elaboração das conjecturas e compreensão dos conceitos geométricos.
Endometrial Osseus Metaplasia during Infertility Evaluation: A Case Series
Authors: Imaralu J. O. , Akadri A. A. , Solaja T. O. , Odelola O. I. , Nwankpa C. C. 
Published: October 2021

Aims: To highlight the pathogenesis of endometrial osseus metaplasia, its importance as a rare cause of infertility and the benefit of hysteroscopic evaluation of infertile women with risk factors for osseus metaplasia.
Presentation of Case: A diagnosis of endometrial osseus metaplasia was confirmed histologically in three women undergoing diagnostic hysteroscopy as part of infertility evaluation. They all had chronic vaginal discharge and a preceding history of induced second trimester abortion. Two of the patients were referred for evaluation before in-vitro-fertilization (IVF). Hysteroscopy was done with a 30° telescope, initially using a 2-channel diagnostic sheath, which was later replaced with a 4-channel operating sheath for tissue retrieval.
Discussion: Endometrial osseus metaplasia is a rare condition characterized by the presence of mature or immature bone in the endometrial cavity. Endometrial retention of embryonic tissue following an abortion is the commonest theory of etio-pathogenesis. It is an important cause of infertility and while other causes of infertility can be easily by-passed in an IVF cycle, endometrial factors may not be addressed by IVF alone, as a defective endometrium is a risk for failure. Although there is no consensus on routine hysteroscopy for women undergoing IVF, it is the mainstay of evaluation and treatment of women with endometrial osseus metaplasia.
Conclusion: Only complete removal of metaplastic tissue would restore fertility, in patients with osseus metaplasia. Hysteroscopy done in infertile women with risk factors for endometrial osseus metaplasia may enhance early treatment and ultimately increase successful spontaneous and IVF pregnancy rates.
Knowledge Attitude and Perception (KAP) of Patients towards Analgesics Use: A Cross-Sectional Study in Outpatient Pharmacy Settings
Authors: Paramalingam Pavitashini A/P , James Rita Pauline Sanjivi A/P , Zahari Nurulsyazienna , Sethuraman Nanthinisri A/P , Jalil Aina Amanina Abdul , Rani Nur Najihah Izzati Mat 
Published: October 2021

Aims: This study aimed to explore and determine patients' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions about the use of analgesics.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study by using structured, researcher-assisted survey questionnaire with a representative sample of patients in Hospital Selama.
Place and Duration of Study: Regardless of their clinical conditions, 272 patients who visited the outpatient pharmacy in Hospital, Selama, Perak Malaysia, and obtained NSAIDs were interviewed. The patients' knowledge, attitude, and perceptions of NSAID side effects were recorded.
Methodology: To perform this study, structured self-administered questionnaires will be constructed after a comprehensive literature review. A panel of experts comprising of research academicians will discuss, review, and verify the content of the questionnaire, and it will be subjected to revision based on their recommendations. The questionnaire will be written in Malay and English and will be translated into both languages. Pilot research on 20 patients will be done prior to the study to assess the reliability of the validated questionnaire. The results of the pilot research will be used to make final adjustments. Cronbach's alpha test will be used to assess internal consistency, with alpha=0.40 established as the lowest acceptable value for validity.
Results: There was no correlation between patient knowledge, attitudes, or perceptions about the use of analgesics. As a consequence, at Hospital Selama's outpatient pharmacy department, patients' knowledge, attitude, and perceptions about analgesic use were not substantially associated. A more in-depth investigation of the key reason why the majority of patients have commonly prescribed analgesics and often seek extra explanations despite being given adequate information is required.
Nanophotonic Color Routing
Authors: Chen Qin , Nan Xianghong , Chen Mingjie , Pan Dahui , Yang Xianguang , Wen Long 
Published: October 2021

AbstractRecent advances in low‐dimensional materials and nanofabrication technologies have stimulated many breakthroughs in the field of nanophotonics such as metamaterials and plasmonics that provide efficient ways of light manipulation at a subwavelength scale. The representative structure‐induced spectral engineering techniques have demonstrated superior design of freedom compared with natural materials such as pigment/dye. In particular, the emerging spectral routing scheme enables extraordinary light manipulation in both frequency‐domain and spatial‐domain with high‐efficiency utilization of the full spectrum, which is critically important for various applications and may open up entirely new operating paradigms. In this review, a comparative introduction on the operating mechanisms of spectral routing and spectral filtering schemes is given and recent progress on various color nanorouters based on metasurfaces, plasmonics, dielectric antennas is reviewed with a focus on the potential application in high‐resolution imaging. With a thorough analysis and discussion on the advanced properties and drawbacks of various techniques, this report is expected to provide an overview and vision for the future development and application of nanophotonic color (spectral) routing techniques.
Research Progress of Intramolecular π‐Stacked Small Molecules for Device Applications
Authors: Yang Sheng‐Yi , Qu Yang‐Kun , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Jiang Zuo‐Quan , Lee Shuit‐Tong 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOrganic semiconductors can be designed and constructed in π‐stacked structures instead of the conventional π‐conjugated structures. Through‐space interaction (TSI) occurs in π‐stacked optoelectronic materials. Thus, unlike electronic coupling along the conjugated chain, the functional groups can stack closely to facilitate spatial electron communication. Using π‐stacked motifs, chemists and materials scientists can find new ways for constructing materials with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), and room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP), as well as enhanced molecular conductance. Organic optoelectronic devices based on π‐stacked molecules have exhibited very promising performance, with some of them exceeding π‐conjugated analogues. Recently, reports on various organic π‐stacked structures have grown rapidly, prompting this review. Representative molecular scaffolds and newly developed π‐stacked systems could stimulate more attention on through‐space charge transfer the well‐known through‐bond charge transfer. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for utilizing and improving particular materials are discussed. The previous achievements and upcoming prospects may provide new insights into the theory, materials, and devices in the field of organic semiconductors.
Redox Targeting of Energy Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Zhang Feifei , Gao Mengqi , Huang Shiqiang , Zhang Hang , Wang Xun , Liu Lijun , Han Ming , Wang Qing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe redox‐targeting (RT) process or redox‐mediated process, which provides great operation flexibility in circumventing the constraints intrinsically posed by the conventional electrochemical systems, is intriguing for various energy storage and conversion applications. Implementation of the RT reactions in redox‐flow cells, which involves a close‐loop electrochemical–chemical cycle between an electrolyte‐borne redox mediator and an energy storage or conversion material, not only boosts the energy density of flow battery system, but also offers a versatile research platform applied to a wide variety of chemistries for different applications. Here, the recent progress of RT‐based energy storage and conversion systems is summarized and great versatility of RT processes for various energy‐related applications is demonstrated, particularly for large‐scale energy storage, spatially decoupled water electrolysis, electrolytic N2 reduction, thermal‐to‐electrical conversion, spent battery material recycling, and more. The working principle, materials aspects, and factors dictating the operation are highlighted to reveal the critical roles of RT reactions for each application. In addition, the challenges lying ahead for deployment are stated and recommendations for addressing these constraints are provided. It is anticipated that the RT concept of energy materials will provide important implications and eventually offer a credible solution for advanced large‐scale energy storage and conversion.