bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Decorin and Bevacizumab on oxygen-induced retinopathy in rat models
Authors: Duran Güler Seda , Balbaba Mehmet , Çolakoğlu Neriman , Bulmuş Özgür , Ulaş Fatih , Eröksüz Yesari 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of decorin (DCN) in rat oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model and to compare the results with those of bevacizumab.

Methods:
Twenty-eight newborn Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I (control): normoxia plus intraperitoneal (ip) normal saline (NS), Group II (sham): OIR plus ip NS, Group III (DCN): OIR plus ip 0.1 mg/kg DCN, and Group IV (bevacizumab): OIR plus ip 2.5 mg/kg bevacizumab. The OIR model was induced by cycling the oxygen concentration between 50% and 10% every 24 h for 14 days following their birth. In all groups, injections were administered on postnatal day (PD) 15. All animals were sacrificed and their right eyes were enucleated on PD 18. The nuclei of neovascular endothelial cells on the vitreal side of the inner limiting membrane were counted, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-α immunoreactivity were detected in histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests were used for statistical analyses of the data.

Results:
In Groups II, III, and IV, the mean neovascular cell nuclei counts were 13.14 ± 1.34, 6.57 ± 1.51, and 6.71 ± 1.49, respectively. The mean neovascular cell nuclei count was significantly reduced in treatment groups compared with sham group (P < 0.001). In immunohistochemical staining, the immunoreactivity of VEGF was 0.07 ± 0.02, 0.97 ± 0.21, 0.37 ± 0.12, and 0.23 ± 0.17, respectively. Likewise, immunoreactivity of TNF-α was 0.02 ± 0.02, 1.11 ± 0.36, 0.37 ± 0.13, and 0.62 ± 0.21, respectively. VEGF and TNF-α immunoreactivity increased markedly in the sham group compared with those in the control group (P < 0.001). VEGF and TNF-α immunoreactivity of treatment groups decreased significantly compared to sham group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
The beneficial effects obtained by DCN administration in OIR model were comparable to the effects of bevacizumab.
Factors affecting the early and mid-term success of needling for early failure of filtering bleb
Authors: Demirok Gülizar , Kaderli Ahmet , Kaderli Sema T , Üney Güner , Yakin Mehmet , Ekşioğlu Ümit 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the factors affecting the success of needling surgery for early filtering bleb failure after trabeculectomy.

Methods:
Patients who underwent a single needling surgery within 3 months after trabeculectomy were retrospectively evaluated. Glaucoma type, intraocular pressure (IOP), and medical treatments before trabeculectomy; the presence of hypotony after trabeculectomy; bleb type; IOP before needling; lens status; complications; IOP after 1, 6, and 12 months; and medical treatments after needling were recorded. Risk factors were evaluated for complete success at 1, 6, and 12 months after needling.

Results:
Thirty-three eyes of 33 patients were analyzed. The mean IOP after needling at 1, 6, and 12 months was 16.09 ± 3.70, 15.64 ± 2.68, and 15.79 ± 2.61 mmHg, respectively. The mean age of the patients was 53.97 (25–79) years. The mean IOP after needling at 1, 6, and 12 months was 16.09 ± 3.70, 15.64 ± 2.68, and 15.79 ± 2.61 mmHg, respectively. The pre-needling IOP and IOP decrease on the first day affected the complete and qualified success at 1, 6, and 12 months, but the glaucoma type, presence of hypotony after trabeculectomy, lens status, interval between trabeculectomy and needling, and bleb type were not found to affect success. In the receiver operating curve analysis, the pre-needling IOP value was found to be significant in determining complete success. Complete success at 1 month was more likely when the pre-needling IOP cutoff value was <24.5 mmHg.

Conclusion:
According to the results of single needling surgery performed within 3 months after trabeculectomy, the pre-needling IOP and IOP decrease with needling were found to be factors affecting success. Regardless of the time between the primary trabeculectomy and needling, effective needling will be successful before the IOP rises to high levels. Keeping the IOP at low values with medical treatment until the needling process is performed will have a positive effect on success.
Ocular spectrum of kite injury
Authors: Goyal Karishma , Goyal RB , Lunia Gautam , Parwal Sandeep , Khilnani Kamlesh , Gaur Ritika , Jewariya Pinky , Pareek Neha 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
To assess ocular morbidity attributable to kites (patang) with emphasis on the cause, type and severity of the injury, complications, and final visual outcome.

Methods:
All the patients with a history of kite injury during months of Makar Sankranti for consecutive 6 years (2014–2019) were included in this study. A B-scan, orbital X-ray, and CT scan were performed for extensive ocular evaluation.

Results:
Out of 68 patients with kite-related injury, 58 were male and 10 were female. Globe rupture (20), lid laceration (18), penetrating injury (9), wooden foreign body in the anterior or posterior chamber (7), superficial foreign body (4), hyphema (7), and vitreous hemorrhage (3) due to falling from height were noted. Factors associated with a poor final visual outcome in our study were poor initial visual acuity, globe rupture, intraocular foreign body, and development of endophthalmitis.

Conclusion:
Kites can cause serious preventable injuries mostly among pediatric males. The use of protective eyewear and public awareness can decrease ocular injury significantly.
Optic nerve head melanocytoma
Authors: Raval Vishal , Reddy Rajeev , Kaliki Swathi , Das Taraprasad , Singh Arun D 
Published: January 2021

Purpose:
The objective of this study was to identify the diagnostic features of optic nerve head melanocytoma (ONH-MCT) on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A).

Methods:
Retrospective study of 11 patients for their demographic, clinical features and imaging including SD OCT (tumour location, extent and interface) and OCT-A (surface and intrinsic vascularity) were reviewed. Flow rate percentage (FR %) was calculated over the lesion and compared to fellow eye and similar pigmented lesions.

Results:
The average age was 52.8 ± 10.9 years. ONH-MCT tumors occupied 3-tissue spaces- optic disc (n = 2), retinal layer (n = 5) and retina-choroidal layers (n = 4). SD OCT (11 eyes) showed elevated hyper reflective disorganized retinal layers with posterior shadowing (9 eyes) and hyper reflective dots within the tumor (all eyes). Microvascular features on OCT-A (8 eyes) in radial peripapillary capillary slab showed surface vascularization (7 eyes) and intrinsic vascularity in choroidal slab (8 eyes) with surrounding hypo reflective boundary. The mean FR % was higher at 65.1 ± 3.77% (CI: 61.9-68.2) compared to mean FR at 60.4 ± 1.06% (CI: 59.5-61.2) in the fellow eye (p = 0.01). Comparison with nevus and melanoma SD OCT showed a high reflective choroidal layer with normal or irregular outer retinal layers respectively; OCT-A showed hypo reflective area at the center with hyper reflective boundary and iso reflective area at center with hyper reflective boundary respectively.

Conclusion:
SD OCT and OCT-A features may help to differentiate ONH-MCT from clinically similar looking pigmented lesions like nevus and melanoma.
Impression materials and techniques used in fixed prosthodontics
Authors: Ansari Abdul S. , Alsaidan Musab A. , Algadhi Saleh K. , Alrasheed Mishary A. , Al Talib Ibrahim G. , Alsaaid Abdullah K. , Ansari Shahzeb H. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
Among the several materials and techniques being used in fixed prosthodontics, impression materials and techniques were the major focus of this study. These materials are available in the market to be used by dental practitioners. However, their choice depends on certain factors, which include their properties, advantages, disadvantages, and cost.

Materials and Methods:
A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted among dental students using online survey. 2Dental students from Riyadh city willing to take part in this study were requested to fill up and submit the survey questionnaire.

Results:
Six hundred and sixteen out of 800 dental students from Riyadh city took part in this study. It was noted from the findings that 88% male students used alginate for diagnostic impressions, which was statistically significant and lower than females (94%). Ninety-one percent of the interns reported that they used retraction cord for gingival retraction as compared to 81% fourth-year students, with the difference being statistically significant (P value: 0.016).

Conclusion:
Dental students in Riyadh city have a strong inclination toward a particular material, either for primary or secondary impressions or gingival retraction options.
Exploration of Attendance, Active Participation, and Behavior Change in a Group-Based Responsive Stimulation, Maternal and Child Health, and Nutrition Intervention
Authors: Yeasmin Farzana , Winch Peter J. , Hwang Sharon T. , Leontsini Elli , Jahir Tania , Das Jyoti B. , Amin Mohammad R. , Hossain Md K. , Huda Tarique Md. Nurul , Akter Fahmida , Shoab Abul Kashem , Tofail Fahmida , Mridha Malay K. , Sultana Jesmin , Pitchik Helen , Fernald Lia C. H. , Luby Stephen P. , Rahman Mahbubur 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTDelivery of interventions through group sessions allows for in-depth discussions and creates opportunities for group members to work together to identify and solve common problems. However, low attendance may limit impact. We explored factors affecting attendance, active participation, and behavior change in an integrated group-based child development and maternal and child health intervention in Bangladesh. Community health workers (CHWs) facilitated two sessions a month including material on child stimulation; water, sanitation, and hygiene; nutrition, maternal depression, and lead exposure prevention. Sessions were conducted with 320 pregnant women and mothers with children younger than 24 months, in 16 villages in Kishoreganj district. After 4 and 9 months of intervention, we conducted focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with mothers (n = 55 and n = 48) to identify determinants of attendance and behavior change, and to examine potential for intervention scale-up. Recruiting family members to assist with childcare resulted in improved attention during sessions. Adopting a storytelling format for presentation of session materials resulted in more engaged participation during courtyard sessions. Session attendance and behavior change, especially purchasing decisions, were difficult for participants without the support of male heads of the household. Selecting a rotating leader from among the group members to remind group members to attend sessions and support CHWs in organizing the sessions was not successful. Facilitating self-appraisals and planning for water and sanitation allowed participants to identify areas for improvement and track their progress. Key determinants of a participant’s attendance were identified, and the resulting intervention shows promise for future implementation at scale.
Effectiveness of Mass Media Campaigns to Improve Handwashing-Related Behavior, Knowledge, and Practices in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Mahfuza , Benjamin-Chung Jade , Sultana Sonia , Unicomb Leanne , Alam Monirul , Rahman Mahbubur , Ercumen Ayse , Luby Stephen P. 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTWater, sanitation, and handwashing interventions that use intensive interpersonal communication improve targeted behaviors, but are expensive at scale. Mass media is an alternative that could reach more people at lower cost but has rarely been rigorously evaluated. We assessed the effectiveness of a mass media campaign in improving handwashing knowledge and practices in rural Bangladesh. We conducted a cross-sectional assessment before the campaign among 8,947 households and again after 4 months of the campaign among 8,400 different households in the same areas. Trained enumerators conducted spot checks of water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities, and recorded reported knowledge and practices. We compared these outcomes after versus before the campaign using generalized linear models with robust standard errors. After the media campaign, caregivers were more likely to recall ≥ 3 messages regarding handwashing (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.44, 1.34–1.55), sanitation (PR = 1.45, 1.35–1.55), and safe water (PR = 1.17, 1.08–1.26). After the campaign, the prevalence of using soap and water during handwashing demonstrations was higher among caregivers (PR = 1.15, 1.12–1.19) and children (PR = 1.31, 1.22–1.41). Hands were more commonly observed to be visibly clean among caregivers (PR = 1.14, 1.07–1.20) and children (PR = 1.13, 1.05–1.21). Soap and water was more commonly observed in handwashing stations near latrines (PR = 1.12, 1.06–1.19) and in cooking/eating places (PR = 1.09, 1.01–1.18). Our findings indicate improved handwashing knowledge and behaviors following a mass media campaign. This promising approach can be deployed to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene practices at scale and should be evaluated in other contexts.
Environmental and Nutritional Determinants of Diarrhoea Disease Among Children Under Five Years in Rwanda: A Secondary Data Analysis of the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2014-15
Authors: J. Ishimwe Christian , Rutayisire Erigene , Marete Onesmus 
Published: January 2021

Background
Diarrhoea remains one of the leading of causes of deaths in children under five years old globally. Children under five years are more vulnerable to diarrhea especially those from low and middle countries. The aim of this study was to explore the environmental and nuttitional factors associated with diarrhea among children underfive years in Rwanda.
Methods
A secondary data analysis of the Rwanda Demographic and Heralth Survey 2014-2015 (RDHS 2014-2015) was used. A total sample of 7,558 children under five years old was included. The data were analysed using Stata 13. Bivariate with Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to assess the relashionship of factors associsted with diarreha. A 95% confidence interval and a significance level of 0.05 were set.
Results
Two environmental factors (Source of drinking water and shared toilets facilities with other households) were associated with child diarrhea. P-values: 0.029, OR:1.79, CI [1.06-3.01]; 0.019, OR:1.26, CI: [1.04-1.53] respectively. None of the selected nutritional factors was associated with childhood diarrhea.
Conclusion
Based on the findings, drinking borehole water and shared toilet facilities were associated with diarrhea. The study therefore recommends the provision of potable water and supporting/enabling the households to own toilets.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(3):280-290
Relationship Between Sperm Quality and Male Reproductive Hormones Among Male Partners with Fertility Complications: Attending CHUB
Authors: Mapira Tendayi Herbert , Ndayisenga Jerome , Nyiramahirwe Solange , Mukanshuti Jacqueline , Karenzi Valens , Rutayisire Robert , Nshutiyimana Jean Claude 
Published: January 2021

Background
Infertility remains a highly prevalent global condition in the second decade of the new millennium. Reproductive hormones determine sperm quality as they initiate and maintain spermatogenesis. Hormonal imbalance can cause abnormal sperm quality that can be treated by hormonal replacement therapy.
Objective
To assess the relationship between sperm quality and male reproductive hormones among male partners with fertility complications attending CHUB.
Methods
The study was a descriptive cross-sectional, and a convenient sampling strategy was used to recruit subjects at CHUB. Sixty-two male subjects with fertility complications provided both semen and blood sample to analyze sperm quality and reproductive hormones. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data.
Results
Both FSH and LH showed a strong negative correlation with sperm count which is more profound with FSH (r= -0.722) than LH (r= -0.545). Testosterone showed a strong positive correlation with sperm count (r= 0.712). FSH and LH showed a negative correlation with sperm motility which is more profound in FSH (r= -0.312) than LH (r= -0.302). Testosterone also showed a positive correlation with sperm motility (r= 0.360).
Conclusion
Our study found a correlation between sperm quality and male reproductive hormones. We further suggest other studies to investigate predictive power of male reproductive hormones.
Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2020;3(3):315-328
Apoptotic effect of Physalis minima Linn ethanol extract on breast cancer cells via p53 wild-type and Apaf-1 protein
Authors: Handayani Handayani , Handajani Retno , Susilo Imam , Basori Achmad , Salim Hotimah Masdan 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To produce an anti-cancer agent from Physalis minima ethanol extract as well as prevent the growth of NMU-induced breast cancer and MCF-7 cell line.Methods: This research used an animal model (Wistar-Furth rats), and cell line used in this study was normal breast-cell line MCF-7. The rats were administered with the ethanol extract of Physalis minima Linn (100, 250 and 400 mg/kg/day) by gavage, once a day for 4 weeks. Meanwhile, MCF-7 cell lines were cultured in medium and incubated in 100 μg/mL of ethanol extract of Physalis minima for 48 h. The samples were analyzed using histology and immunohistochemistry techniques for expression of p53 antibody DO-1 and APAF-1.Results: The results of immunohistological analysis in the breast organ showed that Physalis minima Linn extract significantly (p < 0.05) increased the tumor suppressor protein p53 at doses of 100, 250 and 400 mg/kg/day. In addition, the extract also significantly (p < 0.05) increased APAF-1, which is a gene determining cell death, at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/day.Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Physalis minima Linn inhibits the cytotoxic activity of NMU-induced breast cancer by increasing the tumor suppressor protein p53 and APAF-1. Thus, Physalis minima Linn extract can potentially be used as a complementary treatment for inhibiting the growth of breast cancer cells in patients.
Keywords: Apoptosis protease-activating factor-1, Breast cancer, MCF-7 cell line, Physalis minima, p53
Ghrelin attenuates avascular necrosis of the femoral head induced by steroids in rabbits
Authors: Huang Laigang , Zeng Fanshuo , Cui Baojuan , Wang Daoqing , Sun Min , Liu Benling , Sun Qiangsan 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand for growth hormone secretagogue receptor. The current study was aimed at examining the effect of ghrelin on avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) induced by steroids in a rabbit model and also exploring the underlying mechanism.
Methods: Experimental rabbits were separated into three groups: Control, Vehicle and Ghrelin. We established a steroid-induced ANFH model in rabbits. Then, MRI scanning and hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) were conducted to see ANFH. The mRNA levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (BMP-2) were evaluated using real-time qRT-PCR.
Results: Rabbits in the Vehicle group showed increased empty bone lacunae, reduced bone trabecula in femoral head; the number of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow was reduced, whereas number of adipocytes increased with evident fusion phenomenon in comparison with the Control group. All of the changes induced in Vehicle group were attenuated in Ghrelin group. MRI scanning showed obvious necrosis of femoral head in the Vehicle group and less in the Ghrelin group. The mRNA levels of VEGF and BMP-2 were raised in Vehicle group and further enhanced in Ghrelin group.
Conclusion: Ghrelin attenuates steroid-induced avascular necrosis in femoral head in rabbit model. A possible mechanism may be through VEGF/BMP-2 axis.
Keywords: ANFH, BMP-2, Ghrelin, VEGF
TRIM 16 gene expression regulates the growth and metastasis of human esophageal cancer
Authors: Chen Yufang , Li Ziyan , Zeng Jingyao , Xu Zhiyi , Wang Meihua 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of tripartite membrane protein TRIM) 16 gene silencing on human esophageal cancer (KYSE-270) cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis.Methods: Short interfering RNA (siRNA) TRIM 16 silencing fragment was transfected into KYSE-270 cells. Transfection efficiency was determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell proliferation, invasiveness and migration were measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, Transwell invasion assay, and scratch test, respectively. Protein expressions of bax and bcl-2 were assayed using Western blotting.Results: The gene expression of TRIM 16 was significantly upregulated in esophageal cancer cells, relative to normal human esophageal cells, but was downregulated after gene silencing. Moreover, the silencing of TRIM 16 gene led to significant reductions in KYSE-270 cell viability, migration and invasiveness, but significantly increased KYSE270 cell apoptosis (p < 0.05). The silencing of TRIM 16 gene also significantly upregulated bax protein expression, while downregulating the expression of bcl-2 protein (p < 0.05).Conclusion: These results suggest that TRIM 16 gene silencing inhibits KYSE-270 cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, and thus provide a basis for its development as a therapeutic approach for the management of esophageal cancer.
Keywords: Apoptosis, Cell invasion, Esophageal cancer, Gene silencing, Metastasis
Dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole-induced apoptosis in lung cancer cells is associated with ROS generation and activation of p38/JNK pathway
Authors: He Miao , Li Chao , He Yingying , Yang Guangquan , Zhang Youcai , Chen Zhaohong 
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To investigate the effect of 2,4-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole (DHPP) on lung cancer cells, and the associated mechanism.Methods: The effect of DHPP on cell proliferation was measured using sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay. Apoptosis of cells was determined using Olympus IX71 inverted microscope connected to FITC and rhodamine filters.Results: DHPP significantly suppressed the proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells at doses of 0.5-8.0 μM, but did not affect normal cells (MRC5 and BEAS-2B). In DHPP-treated A549 and H1299 cells, caspase-3 activity was markedly enhanced. At 24 h of treatment with 8.0 μM DUPP, apoptosis in A549 and H1299 cells was increased to 67.89 and 61.35 %, respectively. Phosphorylation levels of JNK-1/2 and p38 in DHPP-treated A549 and H1299 cells were markedly enhanced. The p-ERK-1/2 expressions in DHPP-treated A549 and H1299 cells were suppressed significantly at 24 h. In DHPP-treated A549 and H1299 cells, DCF-fluorescence was increased 10 folds and 8.5 folds, respectively. Pretreatment with FeTMPyP, an antioxidant, effectively alleviated DHPP-induced increase in expressions of p-p38 and p-JNK, and suppression of expression of p-ERK-1/2. In FeTMPyP-pre-treated cells, the DHPPinduced increase in caspase-3 activity was markedly reduced.Conclusion: DHPP selectively inhibits lung cancer cell growth via oxidative stress which subsequently causes cell apoptosis. Moreover, it activates caspase-3 protein and p38/JNK signaling, with simultaneous inactivation of ERK-1/2. Therefore, DHPP has a potential to be developed for the treatment of lung cancer. However; more studies are required to confirm these findings.
Keywords: Lung cancer, Anti-oxidant, Apoptosis, Caspase-3, Chemotherapy