bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cut-off points to screening for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people residents in Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Sabrina Gabrielle Gomes , Lima de Andrade Luiz Eduardo , dos Santos Aguiar Gonçalves Rafaella Silva , Aires da Câmara Saionara Maria , Guerra Ricardo Oliveira , Cavalcanti Maciel Alvaro Campos 
Published: August 2021

Background
At a time when the world’s population is aging, one of the most important challenges for the healthcare field is to control the decline of the musculoskeletal system. This decline consists of a reduction in muscle mass and function, which is called sarcopenia and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Although there has been an increase in the number of publications on sarcopenia and its consequences, the reported prevalence varies widely, since these depend on the characteristics of the population studied, the definitions found in the literature and the cut-off points adopted. In this perspective, the heterogeneity in the classification and the different reference values has a critical impact on the epidemiology of sarcopenia, since neither the procedures, the components and the cut-off points are consistent.

Objectives
To develop cut-off points for the screening of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people residents in the northeast of Brazil and compare the prevalences between the values defined by the consensus and the values of the population studied.

Methods
Community-dwelling older men and women living in three cities in the countryside of Rio Grande do Norte were evaluated. Cutoff points were defined for the variables used to screen for sarcopenia (handgrip strength, SMI, gait speed and SPPB) using the 20th percentile of their population distributions.

Results
The sample was composed of 1,290 older people (62.5% female and 37.5% male), with an average of 69.5 (± 6.05) years of age. Regarding the cutoff points, the handgrip values were defined as 25.3 kg and 16 kg for men and women, respectively. Considering the SMM adjusted according to their height, the values of 7.88 kg/m2 were adopted for men and 5.52 kg/m2 for women. When adjusting by BMI we obtained 0.73 kg/BMI for men and 0.41 kg/BMI for women. For gait speed it was defined 0.71 m/s for men and 0.63 m/s for women. In the case of SPPB, the result was the same for both genders (≤8). When applying the values found in the studied population, a variation in prevalence was observed for both men and women, depending on the cut-off points and consensus used.

Conclusion
The cutoff values found in our population were lower than those adopted by international consensus (EWGSOP2, IWGS and FNIH), except for HGS in woman and SMI/m2 for men. Therefore, using specific cutoff points for different populations can provide an accurate assessment of the presence of sarcopenia and better target health prevention strategies for the older people living in the community.
Experiences of international medical students enrolled in Chinese medical institutions towards online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Aslam Sarfraz , Akram Huma , Saleem Atif , Zhang BaoHui 
Published: August 2021

Introduction
. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the world to pause. One hundred and eighty-eight countries have imposed countrywide school closures, affecting more than 1.5 billion children and youths. The majority of academic leaders are currently encouraging online education to resolve this crisis. This study aimed to investigate international medical students’ (IMS) experiences of online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods
Data were collected online using a validated questionnaire and one open-ended question, presented on the Google forms platform. The study attracted responses from 1,107 IMS volunteer participants. IBM SPSS v. 25, GraphPad Prism v. 9, and MindManager v. 2018 were used for data analysis. All variables were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. The Mann–Whitney U test was used in subgroup analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis test was also applied for year-wise comparisons. Open-ended text responses were analyzed qualitatively, extracting themes by which responses were classified.

Results
Among 1,107 respondents, a total of 67.8% were males, and the majority (63.1%) of the IMS were in the age group of 21–23 years. The results show that more than half of the respondents reported their Internet connection quality as poor to average. Poor Internet connection severely affected IMS online learning experience. Persistent and recurrent issues with Internet access became a significant concern for IMS. Lack of electricity is one of the factors that can contribute to poor learning output and dissatisfaction with online teaching. IMS perceive online medical education as unhelpful in several phases of the training, such as improving their clinical skills, knowledge, and discussion skills.

Conclusions
During these unprecedented periods, online teaching has allowed medical education to continue. However, IMS are generally dissatisfied with online teaching. Medical students must visualize the human body, so supportive technologies are important to compensate for the lack of clinical practices. Medical institutions may need to invest in faculty training programs and continually adjust to enhance the content of online training and international partnerships. A switch from conventional face-to-face teaching to a fully functional virtual education framework in the medical education field will take time and experience.
Pathogenic Germline Variants in Patients With Metaplastic Breast Cancer
Authors: Demarest Kaitlin , Anantharajah Arravinth , Maxwell Kara N. , Rohanizadegan Mersedeh , Bradbury Angela , Nathanson Katherine L. , McCarthy Anne Marie , Domchek Susan M. , Nayak Anupma , Shah Payal D. 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceMetaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is a rare, heterogeneous disease often associated with inferior outcomes. A growing body of literature describes the clinical and molecular features of MpBC, yet limited data describe the pathogenic germline variants (PGVs) in breast cancer susceptibility genes among affected individuals.ObjectiveTo examine the frequency and types of PGVs in breast cancer genes among patients with MpBC.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis is a descriptive retrospective cohort study of patients who received a diagnosis of MpBC at the University of Pennsylvania between January 2010 and May 2023. Electronic medical records were reviewed for demographic, clinicopathologic, and germline genetic testing information. Germline variant status was independently confirmed by a licensed genetic counselor and a physician with expertise in genetics. MpBC diagnosis and subtype were confirmed by a breast pathologist. Participants were identified via query of an institutional pathology database for reports signed between January 2010 and May 2023 including the term metaplastic. Among 320 initially obtained reports, 272 individuals had confirmed MpBC and were included in the study.ExposureGermline genetic testing to investigate the presence of PGVs in breast cancer susceptibility genes.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome measurement was the prevalence of PGVs in breast cancer susceptibility genes among participants. The hypothesis that individuals with MpBC have an enrichment of PGVs in genes associated with inherited breast cancer risk was formulated before data collection.ResultsThe total sample size was 272 women, and the median age at diagnosis was 58 years (range, 20-102 years); all were biological female patients; 143 of 272 (52.6%) had documentation of germline genetic testing; and participants with testing were significantly younger than those without (median age, 53 years [range, 20-79 years] vs 63 years [range, 29-102 years]; P &amp;lt; .001). Of the 143 patients, 24 (16.8%) had a PGV in a breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA1, n = 17; BRCA2, n = 5; PALB2, n = 1; CHEK2, n = 1). Patients with PGV-associated MpBC received a diagnosis at a younger age than those with sporadic disease, but there were no significant differences in hormone receptor positivity, ERBB2 status, or metaplastic subtype.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of patients with MpBC, a substantial proportion of clinically tested patients had a PGV in a breast cancer susceptibility gene, most commonly BRCA1. Germline testing was high yield in patients with MpBC, many of whom would be included in current germline testing eligibility criteria.
Motor‐Free Soft Robots for Cancer Detection, Surgery, and In Situ Bioprinting
Authors: Nguyen Chi Cong , Davies James , Ashok Aditya , Hoang Trung Thien , Ehteda Anahid , Dang Tran Bach , Nicotra Emanuele , Tran Hien A. , Sharma Bibhu , Zhu Kefan , Phan Phuoc Thien , Ji Adrienne , Wan Jingjing , Rnjak‐Kovacina Jelena , Vittorio Orazio , Phan Hoang‐Phuong , Lovell Nigel Hamilton , Do Thanh Nho 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRecent advancements in teleoperated surgical robotic systems (TSRSs) for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) have significantly improved diagnostic and surgical outcomes. However, as the complexity of MIS procedures continues to grow, there is an increasing need to enhance surgical tools by integrating advanced functionalities into these instruments for superior medical results. Despite recent advancements, TSRSs face significant challenges, including rigidity, suboptimal actuation methods, large sizes, and complex control mechanisms. This paper presents a portable, motor‐free soft robotic system equipped with soft robotic arms (SRAs) that provides an innovative solution for performing MIS within complex human organs. Unlike conventional approaches, these SRAs leverage a soft fibrous syringe architecture for operation, eliminating the need for complex control systems. This design achieves precise motion control with mean errors <300 µm, effectively minimizing physical tremors. Two SRAs—one with and one without a central lumen—are developed. By integrating microelectrodes into the SRAs, the system demonstrates capabilities to support cancer detection via electrical impedance measurements and to perform radio‐frequency ablation for surgical treatments. Additionally, the system supports biomaterial injections and in situ 3D printing for internal wound healing. This simple, cost‐effective platform represents a promising new direction for developing TSRSs in MIS.
Autonomous, Moisture‐Driven Flexible Electrogenerative Dressing for Enhanced Wound Healing
Authors: Yan Ren , Zhang Xueliang , Wang Hai , Wang Tikang , Ren Guozhang , Sun Qizeng , Liang Fei , Zhu Yangzhi , Huang Wei , Yu Hai‐Dong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractElectrotherapy has shown considerable potential in treating chronic wounds, but conventional approaches relying on bulky external power supplies and mechanical force are limited in their clinical utility. This study introduces an autonomous, moisture‐driven flexible electrogenerative dressing (AMFED) that overcomes these limitations. The AMFED integrates a moist‐electric generator (MEG), an antibacterial hydrogel dressing, and concentric molybdenum (Mo) electrodes to provide a self‐sustaining electrical supply and potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The MEG harnesses chemical energy from moisture to produce a stable direct current of 0.61 V without external input, delivering this therapeutic electrical stimulation to the wound site through the Mo electrodes. The AMFED facilitates macrophage polarization toward reparative M2 phenotype and regulates inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, in vivo studies suggest that the AMFED group significantly enhances chronic wound healing, with an approximate 41% acceleration compared to the control group. Using a diabetic mouse wound model, the AMFED demonstrates its effectiveness in promoting nerve regulation, epithelial migration, and vasculogenesis. These findings present a novel and efficient platform for accelerating chronic wound healing.
Two Material Properties from One Wavelength‐Orthogonal Photoresin Enabled by a Monochromatic Laser Integrated Stereolithographic Apparatus (Mono LISA)
Authors: Wu Xingyu , Ehrmann Katharina , Gan Ching Thye , Leuschel Benjamin , Pashley‐Johnson Fred , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMulti‐material printing has experienced critical advances in recent years, yet material property differentiation capabilities remain limited both with regard to the accessible properties – typically hard versus soft – and the achievable magnitude of differentiation. To enhance multi‐material printing capabilities, precise photochemical control during 3D printing is essential. Wavelength‐differentiation is a particularly intriguing concept yet challenging to implement. Notably, dual‐wavelength printing to fabricate hard and soft sections within one object has emerged, where one curing process is insensitive to visible light, while UV irradiation inevitably activates the entire resin, limiting true spatio‐temporal control of the material properties. Until now, pathway‐independent wavelength‐orthogonal printing has not been realized, where each wavelength exclusively triggers only one of two possible reactions, independent of the order in which the wavelengths are applied. Herein, a multi‐wavelength printing technique is introduced employing a tunable laser to monochromatically deliver light to the printing platform loaded with a fully wavelength‐orthogonal resin. Guided by photochemical action plots, two distinct wavelengths – each highly selective toward a specific photocycloaddtion reaction – are utilized to generate distinct networks within the photoresin. Ultimately, together with the printing technique, this orthogonally addressable photoresin allows fabricating multi‐material objects with degradable and non‐degradable properties, in a single fabrication step.
Interfacial π‐Electron Cloud Extension and Charge Transfer Between Preferable Single‐Crystalline Conjugated MOFs and Graphene for Ultrafast Pulse Generation
Authors: Liu Heng , Ding Yixin , Xu Yingtian , Kuai Yue , Chen Jiahao , Zhang He , Lan Yunping , Wei Zhipeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract2D conjugated metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted significant attention in various fields due to their outstanding characteristics. However, due to the strong interlayer π–π stacking interactions, the preparation of high‐quality and atomic‐scale single‐crystalline conjugated MOF structures continues to pose a significant challenge. The investigation of its nonlinear optical (NLO) property and application for ultrafast photonics is still rare. Herein, the ultrathin Cu3(HHTP)2 and Ni3(HHTP)2 (HHTP = 2,3,6,7,10,11‐hexahydroxytriphenylene) nanosheets (CuHHTPNs and NiHHTPNs) with single‐crystalline characteristic are prepared by surfactant‐assisted solution synthesis strategy. Moreover, the π–π stacked CuHHTPNs(NiHHTPNs)/graphene van der Waals heterostructures (CuNsG‐VHS and NiNsG‐VHS) are achieved by ultrasound‐assisted method. According to characterization analyses and theoretical simulations, this preferable stacking ultrathin van der Waals heterostructures exhibits superior π‐conjugated electron cloud extension, charge transfer, and NLO properties. Noticeably, the third‐order NLO polarizability of CuNsG‐VHS keeps in a relatively high level compared with the reported 2D saturable absorber materials in the near‐infrared wavelength range. Based on these outstanding properties, CuNsG‐VHS can serve as an excellent saturable absorber to achieve fundamental mode‐locking with femtosecond pulse duration, and high‐order harmonic mode‐locking with GHz repetition frequency. These demonstrations provide a valuable strategy for the development of promising conjugated MOFs for ultrafast photonics and advanced optoelectronic devices.
Competitive Phase Transition of NaYS2 in Non‐Vacuum Environment for Cutting‐Edge Anti‐Counterfeiting
Authors: Zhao Wenhua , Shen Lifan , Pun Edwin Yue Bun , Lin Hai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRecently, chalcogenides with layered structures exhibit promising applications in the fields of information chaos processing and compilation remodeling, yet facile synthesis of their microcrystals with multi‐temporal and multi‐modal luminescence remains a major challenge. Herein, a competitive phase transition to generate orderly layered NaYS2 microcrystals is achieved by lattice reconstruction with introduction S2− occupying a unique anionic site in non‐vacuum sulfur‐rich environment, revealing crucial role of competitive phase transitions in regulating material structure and properties. Simultaneous photoinduced luminescent chromism and photo‐stimulated luminescence are attained by introducing Pr3+. Interestingly, broadband long‐wavelength visible afterglow emission in 4f15d1 cluster state is achieved and a reversible temporary change in upconversion emission from orange broadband to green narrowband occurs under continuous 980 nm excitation, which is attributed to ordered polarization of Pr3+ in YS6 layer and injection of defects. Furthermore, by integrating long‐lived down‐conversion emission and relatively short‐lived up‐conversion emission in Pr3+‐doped NaYS2, a multilevel dynamic optical anti‐counterfeiting platform is constructed based on transient and long afterglow luminescence. This work implements a competitive phase transition to generate NaYS2 with 2D structure, providing a new model of tunable space‐time resolved emission for spatiotemporal optoelectronic multiplexing, which are applicable to large‐capacity information encryption, optical data storage, and biosensing.
Effect of Steroids on the Progression of Alzheimer's Dementia: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Conic Julijana Zoran , Chetty Alexandra , Chen Lily , Marsh Audrey , Barry Sean , Pattabhi Rodney , Reske Thomas , Aguilar Erwin , Ali Lobna 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent age‐related neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of individuals in the United States. Neuroinflammation is a driver of the neurodegenerative changes that characterize AD, prompting interest in how inflammation can be modulated for treatment and prevention.MethodsICD‐10 codes were quarried from electronic medical records to identify patients diagnosed with AD from 2012 to 2020. The patients were then divided into those who used systemic steroids and those who did not before the progression of their disease. Data on medication prescribed was used to measure the disease's progression. Clinical findings and laboratory results were collected to build a propensity score. Patients were followed until disease progression, death, or the last available visit. Kaplan–Meier curves and hazard ratios adjusted for the propensity score were used to compare the two groups.ResultsOf the 459 patients identified, 77 were included in the study, and 13 used steroids. Of the 77 patients included in the study, 59 had progression of their disease, and of those, five used steroids. The median time to progression was 408.00 (191.00, 979.00) days for the overall sample. The hazard ratio (HR) comparing the group using steroids to those not using steroids was 0.26 with a 95% CI of (0.1013, 0.673) and a p value of 0.00064.ConclusionsIn our study, steroid use delayed the progression of dementia. Further study is needed to outline how steroids and anti‐inflammatory medications can be used in the treatment and prevention of AD.
Synergistic Effect of Alkaline‐Earth Metal (Pyro) Phosphates and Aluminum Trichloride on the Hydrosilylation of Olefins
Authors: Liu Jun , Wang Xinyu , Ouyang Ting , Lan Huilin , Bai Ying , Li Jiayun , Huang Yichen , Peng Jiajian 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPhosphate and pyrophosphate can advance green chemistry as nontoxic and sustainable catalysts. This study presents the development of a novel series of solid composite catalysts, comprising AlCl3 and alkaline‐earth metal (pyro)phosphates. The efficacy of these catalysts in facilitating the hydrosilylation of olefins with hydrosilanes has been thoroughly examined. Adding aluminum chloride enhances the catalytic activity of calcium phosphate for the catalysis hydrosilylation reaction, enabling efficient conversion of various linear alkenes into corresponding adducts with excellent yields. Furthermore, this catalytic system exhibits remarkable stability, maintaining its activity over 15 cycles without significant decrease.
Preparation and Properties of Cd/Ni Complexes Based on 2,6‐Bis(4′‐carboxyl‐phenyl)pyrazine Ligand
Authors: Liu Wei , Sun Junjun , Yao Wei , Fedin Vladimir P. , Gao Enjun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTwo transition metal complexes (complex 1 = {[Cd (DCPP)·(H2O)]·(DMF)}n and complex 2 = {[Ni (DCPP)·(H2O)]·(DMF)}n) with the same structure and different functions were synthesized based on 2,6‐bis(4′‐carboxybenzene)pyrazine ligand (H2DCPP) by solvothermal method, and their structure and properties were analyzed and characterized by a variety of characterization methods. Complex 1 was used as a fluorescence sensor to recognize cations and anions in water; it had excellent recognition and anti‐interference ability with Fe3+ and Cr2O72− among cations and anions. Complex 2 (2‐CPE) was used as electrochemical material to perform electrochemical tests on hydrogen peroxide and sodium nitrite with good electrocatalytic effect. This work provides a synthesis strategy for fluorescence and electrochemical sensing materials, respectively.
Empirical dosage determination of vancomycin for a target area under the concentration‐time curve of 400 μg·h/mL in the first 24 h: A prospective multicenter observational study with rich sampling
Authors: Oda Kazutaka , Hiyama Yoko , Ueda Takashi , Furusho Hirokazu , Yamada Tomoyuki , Katanoda Tomomi , Yoshikawa Hiroshi , Tomita Takashi , Ide Takeshi , Jingami Sachiko , Kusaka Yusuke , Jono Hirofumi , Saito Hideyuki 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAimArea under the concentration‐time curve (AUC)‐guided dosing is recommended in vancomycin therapy. This study aims to determine the empirical dosing for achieving an AUC on the first day (AUCf24h) and the optimal number of samplings for Bayesian estimation.MethodsA multicentric prospective study was conducted across five hospitals. Critically ill patients were included, with rich sampling conducted on the first day and/or days 3‐5 of therapy. Cumulative dose on the first day for the trapezoidal AUCf24h > 400 μg·h/mL and the predictive performances of AUC and clearance in limited sampling were evaluated. The probability of adherence to AUCf24h within 400‐600 μg·h/mL in the guidelines‐compliant or non‐compliant doses were also evaluated.ResultsThe study included 27 patients and 395 samplings were performed. The mean cumulative dose (standard deviation) on the first day was higher in the group with AUCf24h > 400 μg·h/mL at 49.3 (4.5) mg/kg compared to the group with AUCf24h < 400 μg·h/mL at 42.1 (6.8) mg/kg (P = 0.01) for patients with creatinine clearance > 90 mL/min, respectively. The biases and variations of Bayesian posterior AUC by using only a trough concentration were improved by using two‐point concentrations at trough and peak. The probability of adherence to AUCf24h was significantly higher in the guidelines‐compliant group (66.7%) than in the non‐compliant group (11.1%, P < .01).ConclusionThis study suggested an empirical dosage of about 50 mg/kg on the first day of vancomycin therapy and the use of two‐point sampling in Bayesian estimations to enhance accuracy.Trial registrationNot applicable because this is a non‐intervention study.