bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anaphylactic risk related to omalizumab, benralizumab, reslizumab, mepolizumab, and dupilumab
Authors: Li Lisha , Wang Zixi , Cui Le , Xu Yingyang , Guan Kai , Zhao Bin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are novel, effective therapeutics for the treatment of inadequately controlled severe asthma. Knowledge of the anaphylaxis risks related to different mAbs is essential for their appropriate and safe administration. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between different mAbs and anaphylactic reactions by applying statistical approaches to pharmacovigilance data.MethodsThis was a retrospective study using data from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database from January 2004 to September 2020. A total of 2006 reports of anaphylaxis related to benralizumab, dupilumab, mepolizumab, omalizumab, and reslizumab were obtained through data mining. The clinical characteristics of the cases were analyzed, and the risk signals of anaphylactic reactions and corresponding outcomes were investigated in the five mAbs.ResultsThe patients were mainly young and middle‐aged adults, with markedly more women than men. Omalizumab, benralizumab, reslizumab, and mepolizumab showed positive signals for anaphylaxis, while only dupilumab showed a negative signal. The risk of initial or prolonged hospitalization due to anaphylaxis was significantly higher in the benralizumab group than in the omalizumab group (42.86% vs. 28.92%, p = 0.024). Further, when anaphylaxis to omalizumab occurred, patients with asthma were more likely to have life‐threatening outcomes than those with chronic urticaria (18.0% vs. 12.9%, p = 0.022).ConclusionIn the current real‐world study, the positive anaphylaxis signals related to omalizumab, benralizumab, reslizumab, and mepolizumab suggested the need for the close monitoring of patients after drug use, and dupilumab showed a negative signal for anaphylaxis.
It's all in the name: Does nomenclature for indolent prostate cancer impact management and anxiety?
Authors: Hudnall Matthew T. , Desai Anuj S. , Tsai Kyle P. , Weiner Adam B. , Vo Amanda X. , Ko Oliver S. , Jan Stephen , Schaeffer Edward M. , Kundu Shilajit D. 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundDespite consensus guidelines, many men with low‐grade prostate cancer are not managed with active surveillance. Patient perception of the nomenclature used to describe low‐grade prostate cancers may partly explain this discrepancy.MethodsA randomized online survey was administered to men without a history of prostate cancer, presenting a hypothetical clinical scenario in which they are given a new diagnosis of low‐grade prostate cancer. The authors determined whether diagnosis nomenclature was associated with management preference and diagnosis‐related anxiety using ratings given on a scale from 1 to 100, adjusting for participant characteristics through multivariable linear regression.ResultsThe survey was completed by 718 men. Compared with Gleason 6 out of 10 prostate cancer, the term grade group 1 out of 5 prostate cancer was associated with lower preference for immediate treatment versus active surveillance (β = −9.3; 95% CI, −14.4, −4.2; P < .001), lower diagnosis‐related anxiety (β = −8.3; 95% CI, −12.8, −3.8; P < .001), and lower perceived disease severity (β = −12.3; 95% CI, −16.5, −8.1; P < .001) at the time of initial diagnosis. Differences decreased as participants received more disease‐specific education. Indolent lesion of epithelial origin, a suggested alternative term for indolent tumors, was not associated with differences in anxiety or preference for active surveillance.ConclusionsWithin a hypothetical clinical scenario, nomenclature for low‐grade prostate cancer affects initial perception of the disease and may alter subsequent decision making, including preference for active surveillance. Disease‐specific education reduces the differential impact of nomenclature use, reaffirming the importance of comprehensive counseling and clear communication between the clinician and patient.
A hybrid classification method for Twitter spam detection based on differential evolution and random forest
Authors: Bazzaz Abkenar Sepideh , Mahdipour Ebrahim , Jameii Seyed Mahdi , Haghi Kashani Mostafa 
Published: June 2021

SummarySocial networking services are online platforms that are distributed across different computers over long distances. Twitter is the most popular microblogging site that allows users to share their opinions and real‐world events. Due to its popularity and ease of use, Twitter has also attracted spammers. As a result, spam detection is one of the most critical problems. In order to provide a spam‐free environment, it is necessary to identify and filter spam tweets as well as their owners. A hybrid method, which is based on Synthetic Minority Over‐sampling TEchnique (SMOTE) and Differential Evolution (DE) strategies, is presented to enhance the spam detection rate in real Twitter datasets. SMOTE is applied to tackle the imbalanced class distribution of datasets, while DE is used to tune Random Forest (RF) hyperparameters. Compared with related work and based on evaluation results, the presented method significantly enhances the classification performance in imbalanced datasets. The detection rate of optimized RF with excellent F1‐score and Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC), which are 98.97% and 0.999, respectively, demonstrates the high efficiency of the proposed method.
Cluster formation techniques for hierarchical real time tasks allocation on multiprocessor system
Authors: Talmale Girish , Shrawankar Urmila 
Published: June 2021

SummaryReal‐time systems are nowadays extensively used in most time‐critical embedded applications. The existing multiprocessor real‐time scheduling algorithms are based on partitioned and global scheduling approaches. The partitioned‐based algorithms suffer poor utilization bound, load balancing, not compatible for an open system environment, and the global scheduling approach faces problems like high scheduling, migration overhead. Cluster scheduling represents a hybrid scheduling approach which consists of a set of processors as clusters and tasks scheduled to each processor of clusters using a global scheduling approach. The different cluster formation heuristics are investigated for homogenous clusters. The main objective of this article is to propose task utilization‐based cluster formation and harmonic period aware task allocation for a hierarchical real‐time system on a multiprocessor platform. Tasks with high utilization, cluster size tune to a smaller value to achieve high utilization. Tasks with low utilization, the size of cluster tune to larger to reduce migration and scheduling overheads. Experimentation performed on multiprocessor real‐time simulator with a different set of tasks, multiprocessor system, different tasks utilization, and cluster size. Simulation results show that cluster base approach increases the number of tasks scheduled on a multiprocessor system, system utilization, and reduces response time, migration, and preemption overheads.
The Role of Amyloid β‐Biomembrane Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Liposomes as Membrane Models
Authors: Andrade Stéphanie , Loureiro Joana Angélica , Pereira Maria Carmo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe aggregation and deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide onto neuronal cells, with consequent cellular membrane perturbation, are central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Substantial evidence reveals that biological membranes play a key role in this process. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms by which Aβ interacts with biomembranes and becomes neurotoxic is fundamental to developing effective therapies for this devastating progressive disease. However, the structural basis behind such interactions is not fully understood, largely due to the complexity of natural membranes. In this context, lipid biomembrane models provide a simplified way to mimic the characteristics and composition of membranes. Aβ‐biomembrane interactions have been extensively investigated applying artificial membrane models to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the AD pathogenesis. This review summarizes the latest findings on this field using liposomes as biomembrane model, as they are considered the most promising 3D model. The current challenges and future directions are discussed.
Insight Into The Spin‐Vibronic Problem of a Mixed Valence Magnetic Molecular Cell for Quantum Cellular Automata
Authors: Palii Andrew , Korchagin Denis , Aldoshin Sergey , Clemente‐Juan J. M. , Zilberg Shmuel , Tsukerblat Boris 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe effects of the vibronic coupling in quantum cellular automata (QCA) based on the square planar mixed valence (MV) molecular cells comprising four paramagnetic centers (spin cores) and two excess mobile electrons are analyzed in the important particular case when the Coulomb energy gap between the ground antipodal diagonal‐type two‐electron configurations and the excited side‐type configurations considerably exceeds both the one‐electron transfer parameter (strong U‐limit) and the vibronic stabilization energy. Under such conditions the developed model involves the second‐order double exchange, the Heisenberg‐Dirac‐Van Vleck (HDVV) exchange and the vibronic coupling of the excess electrons with the molecular B1g‐vibration composed of four full‐symmetric local vibrations. The latter interaction is shown to significant amplify the ability of the electric field produced by the driver‐cell to polarize the excess electrons in the working cell, which can be termed “the effect of the vibronic enhancement of the cell‐cell interaction”. This effect leads to a redetermination of the conditions for switching between different spin‐states, as well as to a significant change in the shapes of the cell‐cell response functions. The obtained results demonstrate the importance of the vibronic coupling in all aspects (such as description of a free cell and cell‐cell response) of the theory of molecular QCA based on MV clusters.
Association Between FIASMAs and Reduced Risk of Intubation or Death in Individuals Hospitalized for Severe COVID‐19: An Observational Multicenter Study
Authors: Hoertel Nicolas , Sánchez‐Rico Marina , Gulbins Erich , Kornhuber Johannes , Carpinteiro Alexander , Lenze Eric J. , Reiersen Angela M. , Abellán Miriam , de la Muela Pedro , Vernet Raphaël , Blanco Carlos , Cougoule Céline , Beeker Nathanaël , Neuraz Antoine , Gorwood Philip , Alvarado Jesús M. , Meneton Pierre , Limosin Frédéric ,   AP‐HP / Université de Paris / INSERM COVID‐19 research collaboration, AP‐HP COVID CDR Initiative, “Entrepôt de Données de Santé” AP‐HP Consortium
Published: June 2021

Several medications commonly used for a number of medical conditions share a property of functional inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), or FIASMA. Preclinical and clinical evidence suggest that the ASM/ceramide system may be central to severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. We examined the potential usefulness of FIASMA use among patients hospitalized for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in an observational multicenter study conducted at Greater Paris University hospitals. Of 2,846 adult patients hospitalized for severe COVID‐19, 277 (9.7%) were taking an FIASMA medication at the time of their hospital admission. The primary end point was a composite of intubation and/or death. We compared this end point between patients taking vs. not taking an FIASMA medication in time‐to‐event analyses adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and medical comorbidities. The primary analysis was a Cox regression model with inverse probability weighting (IPW). Over a mean follow‐up of 9.2 days (SD = 12.5), the primary end point occurred in 104 patients (37.5%) receiving an FIASMA medication, and 1,060 patients (41.4%) who did not. Despite being significantly and substantially associated with older age and greater medical severity, FIASMA medication use was significantly associated with reduced likelihood of intubation or death in both crude (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.58–0.87, P < 0.001) and primary IPW (HR = 0.58, 95%CI = 0.46–0.72, P < 0.001) analyses. This association remained significant in multiple sensitivity analyses and was not specific to one particular FIASMA class or medication. These results show the potential importance of the ASM/ceramide system in COVID‐19 and support the continuation of FIASMA medications in these patients. Double‐blind controlled randomized clinical trials of these medications for COVID‐19 are needed.
Optimization of Substrate Temperature for Uniform Graphene Synthesis by Numerical Simulation and Machine Learning
Authors: Deng Weifeng , Huang Yaosong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractHigh uniformity graphene has extensive application prospect in many important fields due to its excellent features. During large‐area graphene synthesis by chemical vapor deposition, the optimization of the substrate temperature can improve the uniformity of graphene. Here, machine learning is used to design and optimize the substrate surface temperature for uniform graphene deposition. The computational fluid dynamics simulations based on a developed computational model are first performed to obtain the training data for machine learning, such as the gas temperature, velocity, concentrations, etc. Then, the neural network model is used to optimize the substrate temperature using the simulated data. It is found that the high accuracy is achieved through the validation of testing set. The optimal substrate temperature distribution is finally obtained, in which the carbon deposition rate and its uniformity are optimized to the specified values.
Solar‐Powered Whole‐Cell P450 Catalytic Platform for C‐Hydroxylation Reactions
Authors: Le Thien‐Kim , Kim Jinhyun , Anh Nguyen Ngoc , Huong Ha Nguyen Thi , Sun Eun‐Gene , Yee Su‐Min , Kang Hyung‐Sik , Yeom Soo‐Jin , Beum Park Chan , Yun Chul‐Ho 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPhotobiocatalysis is a green platform for driving redox enzymatic reactions using solar energy, not needing high‐cost cofactors and redox partners. Here, a visible light‐driven whole‐cell platform for human cytochrome P450 (CYP) photobiocatalysis was developed using natural flavins as a photosensitizer. Photoexcited flavins mediate NADPH/reductase‐free, light‐driven biocatalysis by human CYP2E1 both in vitro and in the whole‐cell systems. In vitro tests demonstrated that the photobiocatalytic activity of CYP2E1 is dependent on the substrate type, the presence of catalase, and the acid type used as a sacificial electron donor. A protective effect of catalase was found against the inactivation of CYP2E1 heme by H2O2 and the direct transfer of photo‐induced electrons to the heme iron not by peroxide shunt. Furthermore, the P450 photobiocatalysis in whole cells containing human CYPs 1A1, 1A2, 1B1, and 3A4 demonstrated the general applicability of the solar‐powered, flavin‐mediated P450 photobiocatalytic system.
Facilitating Charge Reactions in Al‐S Batteries with Redox Mediators
Authors: Li He , Lampkin John , Garcia‐Araez Nuria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Al−S battery is a promising next‐generation battery candidate due to high abundance of both aluminium and sulfur. However, the sluggish kinetics of the Al−S battery reactions produces very high overpotentials. Here, for the first time, it was demonstrated that the incorporation of redox mediators could dramatically improve the kinetics of Al−S batteries. On the example of iodide redox mediators, it was shown that the charging voltage of Al−S batteries could be decreased by about 0.23 V with as little as 2.3 wt% of redox mediator added as electrolyte additive. Control electrochemical measurements, without prior discharge of the battery, demonstrated that >97 % of the charge capacity was due to the desired oxidation of Al2S3 and polysulfides, and X‐ray diffraction experiments confirmed the formation of sulfur as the final charge product. The beneficial role of redox mediators was demonstrated with cheap and environmentally friendly electrolytes made of urea and AlCl3. This work showed that dramatic performance improvements could be achieved with low concentration of electrolyte additives, and therefore, much further performance improvements could be sought by combining multiple additives.
An error efficient and low complexity approximate multi‐bit adder for image processing applications
Authors: Priyadharshni M. , Raj Gupta Antra , Nithish Kumar V. , Kumaravel S. 
Published: June 2021

SummaryApproximate computing‐based hardware is directed towards reduction in area and power consumption; it finds better suitability in various image processing applications. In order to achieve low complexity, approximate techniques are applied in the arithmetic units which provide promising results in enhancing the performance of DSP processors with optimal degradation on its accuracy. In this paper, two approximate full adder designs are proposed, namely, the first design as proposed approximate full adder 1 (PAA1) and the second design as proposed approximate full adder 2 (PAA2). In both the designs, the approximation on the Boolean expressions is carried out to reduce the hardware complexity with the significant tolerance on the error rate. Also, a multi‐bit approximate carry select adder is proposed with the utilization of PAA1 and PAA2, respectively. The performance of the proposed adders is analyzed in terms of parameters like gate count, structural synthesis, error, and also in terms of image metrics. The proposed and existing designs are synthesized using Synopsys Design Compiler with TSMC 65 nm technology for better comparison. Synthesis results indicate that the proposed 16‐bit approximate carry select adder (CSLA) shows a significant reduction of 58% in area delay product and 70% in power delay product, in comparison with the conventional CSLA. The image metrics results also validate that the proposed adder with highest peak signal‐to‐noise ratio is highly adoptable for image processing applications.
Are fathers a good substitute for mothers? Paternal care and growth rates in Shodagor children
Authors: Starkweather K. E. , Keith M. H. , Prall S. P. , Alam N. , Zohora F. , Emery Thompson M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBiparental care is a hallmark of human social organization, though paternal investment varies between and within societies. The facultative nature of paternal care in humans suggests males should invest when their care improves child survival and/or quality, though testing this prediction can be challenging because of the difficulties of empirically isolating paternal effects from those of other caregivers. Additionally, the broader context in which care is provided, vis‐à‐vis care from mothers and others, may lead to different child outcomes. Here, we examine the effects of paternal care on child growth among Shodagor fisher‐traders, where fathers provide high levels of both additive and substitutive care, relative to mothers. We modeled seasonalz‐scores and velocities for height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) outcomes using linear mixed models. Our evidence indicates that, as predicted, the context of paternal care is an important predictor of child outcomes. Results show that environmental seasonality and alloparental help contribute to a nuanced understanding of the impact of Shodagor paternal care on child physiology.
Disturbance‐induced emigration: an overlooked mechanism that reduces metapopulation extinction risk
Authors: Mestre Alexandre , Barfield Michael , Peniston James H. , Peres‐Neto Pedro R. , Mesquita‐Joanes Francesc , Holt Robert D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEmigration propensity (i.e., the tendency to leave undisturbed patches) is a key life‐history trait of organisms in metapopulations with local extinctions and colonizations. Metapopulation models of dispersal evolution typically assume that patch disturbance kills all individuals within the patch, thus causing local extinction. However, individuals may instead be able to leave a patch when it is disturbed, either by fleeing before being killed or simply because the disturbance destroys the patch without causing mortality. This scenario may pertain to a wide range of organisms from horizontally transmitted symbionts, to aquatic insects inhabiting temporary ponds, to vertebrates living in fragmented forests. We generalized a Levins‐type metapopulation model of dispersal evolution by adding a new parameter of disturbance escape probability, which incorporates a second source of dispersal into the model: disturbance‐induced emigration. We show that disturbance escape expands the domain of metapopulation viability and selects for lower rates of emigration propensity when disturbance rates are high. The fitness gains from disturbance‐induced emigration are generally moderate, suggesting that disturbance escape might act more as a complementary dispersal strategy rather than a replacement to emigration propensity, at least for metapopulations that meet the assumptions of the Levins‐type model. Yet disturbance‐induced emigration may in some circumstances rescue a metapopulation from long‐term extinction when the combination of high disturbance rates and low local population growth rates compromises its viability. Further, a metapopulation could persist exclusively by disturbance escape if local carrying capacities are large enough to counterbalance two sources of mortality: mortality driven by disturbance and mortality during dispersal. This study opens two promising research lines: (1) the investigation of disturbance escape in metapopulations of ephemeral habitats with unsaturated populations and non‐equilibrium dynamics and (2) the incorporation of information costs to investigate the joint evolution of disturbance escape and emigration propensity.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and paediatric endocrine disorders: Risks and management considerations
Authors: Miller Ryan , Ashraf Ambika P. , Gourgari Evgenia , Gupta Anshu , Kamboj Manmohan K. , Kohn Brenda , Lahoti Amit , Mak Daniel , Mehta Shilpa , Mitchell Deborah , Patel Neha , Raman Vandana , Reynolds Danielle G. , Yu Christine , Krishnan Sowmya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus‐19 (COVID‐19) is a disease caused by the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, the seventh coronavirus identified as causing disease in humans. The SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has multiple potential pathophysiologic interconnections with endocrine systems, potentially causing disturbances in glucose metabolism, hypothalamic and pituitary function, adrenal function and mineral metabolism. A growing body of data is revealing both the effects of underlying endocrine disorders on COVID‐19 disease outcome and the effects of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus on endocrine systems. However, comprehensive assessment of the relationship to endocrine disorders in children has been lacking.ContentIn this review, we present the effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection on endocrine systems and review the current literature on complications of COVID‐19 disease in underlying paediatric endocrine disorders. We provide recommendations on management of endocrinopathies related to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection in this population.Summary and outlookWith the surge in COVID‐19 cases worldwide, it is important for paediatric endocrinologists to be aware of the interaction of SARS‐CoV‐2 with the endocrine system and management considerations for patients with underlying disorders who develop COVID‐19 disease. While children and adults share some risk factors that influence risk of complications in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, it is becoming clear that responses in the paediatric population are distinct and outcomes from adult studies cannot be extrapolated. Evidence emerging from paediatric studies provides some guidance but highlights the need for more research in this area.