bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitive periods for psychosocial risk in childhood and adolescence and cardiometabolic outcomes in young adulthood
Authors: Doom Jenalee R. , Rivera Kenia M. , Blanco Estela , Burrows Raquel , Correa-Burrows Paulina , East Patricia L. , Lozoff Betsy , Gahagan Sheila 
Published: January 2021

AbstractGreater psychosocial risk in childhood and adolescence predicts poorer cardiometabolic outcomes in adulthood. We assessed whether the timing of psychosocial risk from infancy through adolescence predicts cardiometabolic outcomes in young adulthood. Young adults and their mothers participated in a longitudinal study beginning in infancy in Santiago, Chile (N = 1040). At infancy, 5 years, 10 years, and adolescence, mothers reported on depressive symptoms, stressful experiences, support for child development in the home, father absence, parental education, and socioeconomic status (SES) to create a psychosocial risk composite at each time point. Young adults (52.1% female; 21–27 years) provided fasting serum samples and participated in anthropometric and blood pressure (BP) assessments, including a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan for measuring body fat. Greater infant psychosocial risk was associated with a greater young adult metabolic syndrome score (β = 0.07, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.01 to 0.13, p = 0.02), a higher body mass index and waist circumference composite (β = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.13, p = 0.002), and a higher body fat (DXA) composite (β = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.12, p = 0.02). No psychosocial risk measure from any time point was associated with BP. Infant psychosocial risk predicted cardiometabolic outcomes in young adulthood better than psychosocial risk at 5 years, 10 years, or adolescence, mean of psychosocial risk from infancy through adolescence, and maximum of psychosocial risk at any one time. Consistent with the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease model, findings suggest that infancy is a sensitive period for psychosocial risk leading to poorer cardiometabolic outcomes in young adulthood.
Sympathetic nervous system dominance during stress recovery mediates associations between stress sensitivity and social anxiety symptoms in female adolescents
Authors: Ho Tiffany C. , Pham Holly T. , Miller Jonas G. , Kircanski Katharina , Gotlib Ian H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSocial anxiety disorder (SAD) is commonly diagnosed during adolescence and is associated with psychological stress reactivity and heightened physiological arousal. No study, however, has systematically examined which aspects of autonomic nervous system function mediate likely links between stress sensitivity and social anxiety symptoms in adolescents. Here, we assessed 163 adolescents (90 females; 12.29 ± 1.39 years) with respect to life stress and social anxiety symptoms, and measured respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and skin conductance levels (SCL) during a psychosocial stress paradigm. We operationalized stress sensitivity as the residual variance in subjective stress severity after accounting for objective severity and changes in autonomic regulation using standardized change scores in RSA and SCL. In females only, stress sensitivity and social anxiety symptoms were significantly correlated with each other (p < .001) and with autonomic regulation during both reactivity and recovery (all ps < 0.04). Further, sympathetic nervous system dominance during recovery specifically mediated associations between stress sensitivity and social anxiety symptoms (B = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.02–2.64). In contrast, in males, stress sensitivity, autonomic regulation during reactivity or recovery, and social anxiety symptoms were not significantly associated (all ps > 0.1). We interpret these results in the context of psychobiological models of SAD and discuss implications for interventions targeting autonomic processes.
Cortisol and socioeconomic status in early childhood: A multidimensional assessment
Authors: Tarullo Amanda R. , Tuladhar Charu T. , Kao Katie , Drury Eleanor B. , Meyer Jerrold 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is sensitive to early life stress, with enduring consequences for biological stress vulnerability and health (Gunnar & Talge, 2008). Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with dysregulation of the stress hormone cortisol in early childhood. However, a mechanistic understanding of this association is lacking. Multidimensional assessment of both SES and cortisol is needed to characterize the intricate relations between SES and cortisol function in early childhood. We assessed parent-reported family income, parent education, occupational prestige, neighborhood risk, food insecurity, and household chaos for 12-month-old infants (N = 90) and 3.5-year-old children (N = 91). Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) was obtained from parent and child, indexing chronic biological stress, and diurnal salivary cortisol was measured in the children. Controlling for parent HCC, parent education uniquely predicted infant and child HCC and, in addition, neighborhood risk uniquely predicted infant HCC. Household chaos predicted bedtime salivary cortisol concentration (SCC) for both infants and children, and infant daily cortisol output. Food insecurity was associated with flattened cortisol slope in 3.5-year-old children. Parental sensitivity did not mediate relations between SES and cortisol. Results highlight the utility of SES measures that index unpredictable and unsafe contexts, such as neighborhood risk, food insecurity, and household chaos.
Bridled Quail-doveGeotrygon mystaceapopulation assessment after hurricanes Irma and Maria, St. Eustatius, Caribbean Netherlands
Authors: RIVERA-MILÁN FRANK F. , MADDEN HANNAH , VERDEL KEVIN 
Published: January 2021

SummaryStructural vegetation damage and food limitation are important effects of major hurricanes, particularly for fruit/seed-eating, forest-dependent Caribbean birds with restricted distributions and small populations, such as the Bridled Quail-doveGeotrygon mystacea.Motivated by the lack of abundance estimates, corrected for detection probability, we conducted distance-sampling surveys inside and outside the Quill National Park each May in 2016-2019. Detection mode was the most important covariate, with others receiving no support from the data. Detectability of available single individuals and clusters of individuals within 60 m of transect centrelines averaged 0.957 ± 0.114 standard error for audio detections, 0.434 ± 0.052 for visual detections, and 0.693 ± 0.064 for detection modes combined. Availability averaged 0.475 ± 0.138 and the product of detectability and availability averaged 0.329 ± 0.098. Density averaged 1.459 ± 0.277 individuals ha-1and population size averaged 642 ± 122 individuals in 440 ha. Density did not differ along and away from forest trails, but was higher inside than outside the park and at elevations within 201-400 m than 100-200 m and 401-600 m. Density declined by 76% after hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017. We suggest that major hurricanes together with free-ranging livestock overgrazing degraded foraging habitats, limited food supply, and caused a population bottleneck. Our methodology can be implemented across the distribution range to assess population status and trends and evaluate the result of management actions at key conservation sites. Bridled Quail-dove populations probably were declining on most islands before the 2017 hurricanes and population status warrants revision.
Nutritional knowledge, attitude and behaviours regarding Coronavirus Disease 2019 among residents of Gonabad, Iran
Authors: Mansoorian Mozhgan , Noori Reza , Khosravan Shahla , Tabatabaeizadeh Seyed-Amir , Khajavian Nasim 
Published: January 2021

AbstractObjective:Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory disease and a major global health-related issue. Knowledge, attitude and behaviours associated with this disease are being developed. Infected animals and consumption of contaminated foods are probably the main sources of this viral infection. Adhering to a healthy diet is effective in preventing patient affliction and recovery. Thus, the present research aims to determine the nutritional knowledge, attitude and behaviours associated with COVID-19 among Residents of Gonabad, Iran.Design:The present online cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2020 on 389 people selected through convenient sampling method. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire developed by the present researchers comprising four sections: demographic information, knowledge, attitude and nutritional behaviour. The collected data were analysed statistically in SPSS.Setting:Gonabad city in Khorasan Razavi in the Northeast of Iran.Participants:All people at or above 18 years of age.Results:The present results revealed that the mean age of the participants was 37·3 ± 11·3 years. The mean scores for knowledge, attitude and nutritional behaviour were, respectively, 9·7 ± 1·4, 14·3 ± 3·5 and 29·6 ± 4·2. The mean scores for nutritional knowledge and attitude showed no statistically significant correlation with age, education, occupation, marital status and economic status. However, the mean nutritional behaviour score was significantly higher among women than men (P = 0·004).Conclusions:Participants’ nutritional attitude and behaviour regarding COVID-19, at its early stage in Iran, were average and above average. The public education provided with this regard can have affected this result.
How to pay for Social Security's Missing Trust Fund?
Authors: Munnell Alicia H. , Hou Wenliang , Sanzenbacher Geoffrey T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDecisions made early in Social Security's history resulted in benefits in excess of contributions for early cohorts. This approach gave away the Trust Fund and the resulting interest that could have accumulated, which has increased the size of the payroll tax required to finance the program. This paper finds that, for the Old-Age and Survivors portion of Social Security, the Missing Trust Fund of $29.5 trillion is driven by the excess benefits given to early cohorts. Should tax increases be considered to improve the program's finances, a broad tax – such as the income tax – could be appropriate since these early payments benefitted all of society.
Design and preliminary evaluation of a flexible exoskeleton to assist with lifting
Authors: Chang S. Emily , Pesek Taylor , Pote Timothy R. , Hull Joshua , Geissinger Jack , Simon Athulya A. , Alemi Mohammad Mehdi , Asbeck Alan T. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe present a passive (unpowered) exoskeleton that assists the back during lifting. Our exoskeleton uses carbon fiber beams as the sole means to store energy and return it to the wearer. To motivate the design, we present general requirements for the design of a lifting exoskeleton, including calculating the required torque to support the torso for people of different weights and heights. We compare a number of methods of energy storage for exoskeletons in terms of mass, volume, hysteresis, and cycle life. We then discuss the design of our exoskeleton, and show how the torso assembly leads to balanced forces. We characterize the energy storage in the exoskeleton and the torque it provides during testing with human subjects. Ten participants performed freestyle, stoop, and squat lifts. Custom image processing software was used to extract the curvature of the carbon fiber beams in the exoskeleton to determine the stored energy. During freestyle lifting, it stores an average of 59.3 J and provides a peak torque of 71.7 Nm.
Targeting the signaling in Epstein–Barr virus-associated diseases: mechanism, regulation, and clinical study
Authors: Cao Ya , Xie Longlong , Shi Feng , Tang Min , Li Yueshuo , Hu Jianmin , Zhao Lin , Zhao Luqing , Yu Xinfang , Luo Xiangjian , Liao Weihua , Bode Ann M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus-associated diseases are important global health concerns. As a group I carcinogen, EBV accounts for 1.5% of human malignances, including both epithelial- and lymphatic-originated tumors. Moreover, EBV plays an etiological and pathogenic role in a number of non-neoplastic diseases, and is even involved in multiple autoimmune diseases (SADs). In this review, we summarize and discuss some recent exciting discoveries in EBV research area, which including DNA methylation alterations, metabolic reprogramming, the changes of mitochondria and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), oxidative stress and EBV lytic reactivation, variations in non-coding RNA (ncRNA), radiochemotherapy and immunotherapy. Understanding and learning from this advancement will further confirm the far-reaching and future value of therapeutic strategies in EBV-associated diseases.
Default mode and salience network alterations in suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in adolescents with depression
Authors: Ho Tiffany C. , Walker Johanna C. , Teresi Giana I. , Kulla Artenisa , Kirshenbaum Jaclyn S. , Gifuni Anthony J. , Singh Manpreet K. , Gotlib Ian H. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSuicidal ideation (SI) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are two distinct yet often co-occurring risk factors for suicide deaths in adolescents. Elucidating the neurobiological patterns that specifically characterize SI and NSSI in adolescents is needed to inform the use of these markers in intervention studies and to develop brain-based treatment targets. Here, we clinically assessed 70 adolescents—49 adolescents with depression and 21 healthy controls—to determine SI and NSSI history. Twenty-eight of the depressed adolescents had a history of SI and 29 had a history of NSSI (20 overlapping). All participants underwent a resting-state fMRI scan. We compared groups in network coherence of subdivisions of the central executive network (CEN), default mode network (DMN), and salience network (SN). We also examined group differences in between-network connectivity and explored brain-behavior correlations. Depressed adolescents with SI and with NSSI had lower coherence in the ventral DMN compared to those without SI or NSSI, respectively, and healthy controls (all ps < 0.043, uncorrected). Depressed adolescents with NSSI had lower coherence in the anterior DMN and in insula-SN (all ps < 0.030, uncorrected), and higher CEN–DMN connectivity compared to those without NSSI and healthy controls (all ps < 0.030, uncorrected). Lower network coherence in all DMN subnetworks and insula-SN were associated with higher past-month SI and NSSI (all ps < 0.001, uncorrected). Thus, in our sample, both SI and NSSI are related to brain networks associated with difficulties in self-referential processing and future planning, while NSSI specifically is related to brain networks associated with disruptions in interoceptive awareness.
A machine learning algorithm to differentiate bipolar disorder from major depressive disorder using an online mental health questionnaire and blood biomarker data
Authors: Tomasik Jakub , Han Sung Yeon Sarah , Barton-Owen Giles , Mirea Dan-Mircea , Martin-Key Nayra A. , Rustogi Nitin , Lago Santiago G. , Olmert Tony , Cooper Jason D. , Ozcan Sureyya , Eljasz Pawel , Thomas Grégoire , Tuytten Robin , Metcalfe Tim , Schei Thea S. , Farrag Lynn P. , Friend Lauren V. , Bell Emily , Cowell Dan , Bahn Sabine 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe vast personal and economic burden of mood disorders is largely caused by their under- and misdiagnosis, which is associated with ineffective treatment and worsening of outcomes. Here, we aimed to develop a diagnostic algorithm, based on an online questionnaire and blood biomarker data, to reduce the misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) as major depressive disorder (MDD). Individuals with depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥5) aged 18–45 years were recruited online. After completing a purpose-built online mental health questionnaire, eligible participants provided dried blood spot samples for biomarker analysis and underwent the World Health Organization World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview via telephone, to establish their mental health diagnosis. Extreme Gradient Boosting and nested cross-validation were used to train and validate diagnostic models differentiating BD from MDD in participants who self-reported a current MDD diagnosis. Mean test area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for separating participants with BD diagnosed as MDD (N = 126) from those with correct MDD diagnosis (N = 187) was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86–0.97). Core predictors included elevated mood, grandiosity, talkativeness, recklessness and risky behaviour. Additional validation in participants with no previous mood disorder diagnosis showed AUROCs of 0.89 (0.86–0.91) and 0.90 (0.87–0.91) for separating newly diagnosed BD (N = 98) from MDD (N = 112) and subclinical low mood (N = 120), respectively. Validation in participants with a previous diagnosis of BD (N = 45) demonstrated sensitivity of 0.86 (0.57–0.96). The diagnostic algorithm accurately identified patients with BD in various clinical scenarios, and could help expedite accurate clinical diagnosis and treatment of BD.
Comprehensive study of 28 individuals with SIN3A-related disorder underscoring the associated mild cognitive and distinctive facial phenotype
Authors: Balasubramanian Meena , Dingemans Alexander J. M. , Albaba Shadi , Richardson Ruth , Yates Thabo M. , Cox Helen , Douzgou Sofia , Armstrong Ruth , Sansbury Francis H. , Burke Katherine B. , Fry Andrew E. , Ragge Nicola , Sharif Saba , Foster Alison , De Sandre-Giovannoli Annachiara , Elouej Sahar , Vasudevan Pradeep , Mansour Sahar , Wilson Kate , Stewart Helen , Heide Solveig , Nava Caroline , Keren Boris , Demirdas Serwet , Brooks Alice S. , Vincent Marie , Isidor Bertrand , Küry Sebastien , Schouten Meyke , Leenders Erika , Chung Wendy K. , Haeringen Arie van , Scheffner Thomas , Debray Francois-Guillaume , White Susan M. , Palafoll Maria Irene Valenzuela , Pfundt Rolph , Newbury-Ecob Ruth , Kleefstra Tjitske 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWitteveen-Kolk syndrome (OMIM 613406) is a recently defined neurodevelopmental syndrome caused by heterozygous loss-of-function variants in SIN3A. We define the clinical and neurodevelopmental phenotypes related to SIN3A-haploinsufficiency in 28 unreported patients. Patients with SIN3A variants adversely affecting protein function have mild intellectual disability, growth and feeding difficulties. Involvement of a multidisciplinary team including a geneticist, paediatrician and neurologist should be considered in managing these patients. Patients described here were identified through a combination of clinical evaluation and gene matching strategies (GeneMatcher and Decipher). All patients consented to participate in this study. Mean age of this cohort was 8.2 years (17 males, 11 females). Out of 16 patients ≥ 8 years old assessed, eight (50%) had mild intellectual disability (ID), four had moderate ID (22%), and one had severe ID (6%). Four (25%) did not have any cognitive impairment. Other neurological symptoms such as seizures (4/28) and hypotonia (12/28) were common. Behaviour problems were reported in a minority. In patients ≥2 years, three were diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and four with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). We report 27 novel variants and one previously reported variant. 24 were truncating variants; three were missense variants and one large in-frame gain including exons 10–12.
In vivo intervertebral disc deformation: intratissue strain patterns within adjacent discs during flexion–extension
Authors: Wilson Robert L. , Bowen Leah , Kim Woong , Cai Luyao , Schneider Stephanie Ellyse , Nauman Eric A. , Neu Corey P. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc (IVD) is a critical indicator of tissue health and pathology. The mechanical responses (displacements, strain) of the IVD to physiologic movement can be spatially complex and depend on tissue architecture, consisting of distinct compositional regions and integrity; however, IVD biomechanics are predominately uncharacterized in vivo. Here, we measured voxel-level displacement and strain patterns in adjacent IVDs in vivo by coupling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with cyclic motion of the cervical spine. Across adjacent disc segments, cervical flexion–extension of 10° resulted in first principal and maximum shear strains approaching 10%. Intratissue spatial analysis of the cervical IVDs, not possible with conventional techniques, revealed elevated maximum shear strains located in the posterior disc (nucleus pulposus) regions. IVD structure, based on relaxometric patterns of T2 and T1ρ images, did not correlate spatially with functional metrics of strain. Our approach enables a comprehensive IVD biomechanical analysis of voxel-level, intratissue strain patterns in adjacent discs in vivo, which are largely independent of MRI relaxometry. The spatial mapping of IVD biomechanics in vivo provides a functional assessment of adjacent IVDs in subjects, and provides foundational biomarkers for elastography, differentiation of disease state, and evaluation of treatment efficacy.
Mining and analysis of multiple association rules between the Xining loess collapsibility and physical parameters
Authors: Li Zhikun , Li Xiaojun , Zhu Yanyan , Dong Shi , Hu Chenzhi , Fan Jixin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCollapsibility determination in loess area is expensive, and it also requires a large amount of experimentation. This paper aims to find the association rules between physical parameters and collapsibility of the loess in Xining through the method of data mining, so to help researchers predict the collapsibility of loess. Related physical parameters of loess collapsibility, collected from 1039 samples, involve 13 potential influence factors. According to Grey Relational Analysis, the key influence factors that lead to collapsing are identified from these potential influence factors. Subsequently, take the key influence factors, δs (coefficient of collapsibility) and δzs (coefficient of collapsibility under overburden pressure) as input items, and use the Apriori algorithm to find multiple association rules between them. Then, through analysing the results of association rules between these key influence factors and collapsibility, the evaluation criteria for collapsibility in this area is proposed, which can be used to simplify the workload of determining collapsibility. Finally, based on these research results, recommendations for projects construction were made to ensure the safety of construction in the area.