bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Log Skeleton Visualizer in ProM 6.9
Authors: Verbeek H. M. W. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProcess discovery is an important area in the field of process mining. To help advance this area, a process discovery contest (PDC) has been set up, which allows us to compare different approaches. At the moment of writing, there have been three instances of the PDC: in 2016, in 2017, and in 2019. This paper introduces the winning contribution to the PDC 2019, called the Log Skeleton Visualizer. This visualizer uses a novel type of process models called log skeletons. In contrast with many workflow net-based discovery techniques, these log skeletons do not rely on the directly follows relation. As a result, log skeletons offer circumstantial information on the event log at hand rather than only sequential information. Using this visualizer, we were able to classify 898 out of 900 traces correctly for the PDC 2019 and to win this contest.
Erderwärmung, Klimazoll und Klimaclub: Wie können die Paris-Ziele erfüllt werden?
Authors:   ZG Überblick
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDer Klimawandel und die damit einhergehende Erderwärmung gehören zu den wichtigsten Herausforderungen unserer Zeit. Um die Ziele des Pariser Klimaabkommens zu erreichen, müssen die Treibhausgasemissionen deutlich reduziert werden. Die Autor:innen diskutieren die in Deutschland und weltweit notwendigen wirtschaftspolitischen Maßnahmen. Dabei kommt Strategien zur Implementierung einer gemeinsamen Klimapolitik speziell der Hauptemittenten Europa, China und USA eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Noch können die Paris-Ziele erreicht werden, wenn auf internationaler Ebene kooperiert wird und auf nationaler Ebene angemessene Langfriststrategien etabliert werden. Die aktuellen politischen Entwicklungen haben dafür ein Fenster geöffnet.
Digitalisierung für Gesundheit — ökonomische Aspekte des Gutachtens des SVR Gesundheit
Authors: Jochimsen Beate 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungAm 24. März 2021 hat der „Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der Entwicklung im Gesundheitswesen“ sein Gutachten „Digitalisierung für Gesundheit — Ziele und Rahmenbedingungen eines dynamisch lernenden Gesundheitssystems“ der Bundesregierung überreicht. Wesentliche Aspekte des Gutachtens werden präsentiert, wobei ökonomische Gesichtspunkte und Bezüge zur Corona-Pandemie besonders hervorgehoben werden.
The antecedents and consequences of workplace envy: A meta-analytic review
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Xu Xiaofeng , Kwan Ho Kwong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractExtensive research has been conducted into the antecedents and consequences of workplace envy, but there have been limited meta-analytic reviews. This meta-analysis draws on social comparison theory to examine studies of envy in the workplace and develop a comprehensive model of the antecedents and consequences of workplace envy. We reconcile the divergent findings in the literature by building a model of three types of workplace envy that distinguishes between episodic, dispositional, and general envy. The results suggest that individual differences (e.g., narcissism, neuroticism), organizational contexts (e.g., competition, position), and social desirability are predictors of workplace envy. They also reveal that workplace envy is related to organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs), negative behaviors (e.g., ostracism, social undermining), negative emotions, organizational perceptions (i.e., engagement, satisfaction), turnover intentions, and moral disengagement. We test the moderating roles of envy types, measurement approaches, and causal directions. The results reveal that these moderators have little differences, and that some variables (e.g., self-esteem, fairness) may be both antecedents and consequences of workplace envy. Finally, we suggest that future research into workplace envy should investigate contextual predictors and moderators of the social comparison process that triggers envy. This meta-analysis can serve as a foundation for future research into workplace envy.
Adversarial balancing-based representation learning for causal effect inference with observational data
Authors: Du Xin , Sun Lei , Duivesteijn Wouter , Nikolaev Alexander , Pechenizkiy Mykola 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLearning causal effects from observational data greatly benefits a variety of domains such as health care, education, and sociology. For instance, one could estimate the impact of a new drug on specific individuals to assist clinical planning and improve the survival rate. In this paper, we focus on studying the problem of estimating the Conditional Average Treatment Effect (CATE) from observational data. The challenges for this problem are two-fold: on the one hand, we have to derive a causal estimator to estimate the causal quantity from observational data, in the presence of confounding bias; on the other hand, we have to deal with the identification of the CATE when the distributions of covariates over the treatment group units and the control units are imbalanced. To overcome these challenges, we propose a neural network framework called Adversarial Balancing-based representation learning for Causal Effect Inference (ABCEI), based on recent advances in representation learning. To ensure the identification of the CATE, ABCEI uses adversarial learning to balance the distributions of covariates in the treatment and the control group in the latent representation space, without any assumptions on the form of the treatment selection/assignment function. In addition, during the representation learning and balancing process, highly predictive information from the original covariate space might be lost. ABCEI can tackle this information loss problem by preserving useful information for predicting causal effects under the regularization of a mutual information estimator. The experimental results show that ABCEI is robust against treatment selection bias, and matches/outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches. Our experiments show promising results on several datasets, encompassing several health care (and other) domains.
Using excess deaths and testing statistics to determine COVID-19 mortalities
Authors: Böttcher Lucas , D’Orsogna Maria R. , Chou Tom 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFactors such as varied definitions of mortality, uncertainty in disease prevalence, and biased sampling complicate the quantification of fatality during an epidemic. Regardless of the employed fatality measure, the infected population and the number of infection-caused deaths need to be consistently estimated for comparing mortality across regions. We combine historical and current mortality data, a statistical testing model, and an SIR epidemic model, to improve estimation of mortality. We find that the average excess death across the entire US from January 2020 until February 2021 is 9$$\%$$%higher than the number of reported COVID-19 deaths. In some areas, such as New York City, the number of weekly deaths is about eight times higher than in previous years. Other countries such as Peru, Ecuador, Mexico, and Spain exhibit excess deaths significantly higher than their reported COVID-19 deaths. Conversely, we find statistically insignificant or even negative excess deaths for at least most of 2020 in places such as Germany, Denmark, and Norway.
Emission of harmful gases from animal production in Poland
Authors: Mazur Kamila , Roman Kamil , Wardal Witold Jan , Borek Kinga , Barwicki Jan , Kierończyk Marek 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of the study was to present the scale of greenhouse gas emissions from animal production, and to provide test results from different housing systems. In three free stall buildings, two with slurry in deep channels and one with cattle in cubicles staying on shallow litter concentration of ammonia and carbon dioxide were measured in summer season by using dedicated equipment from Industrial Scientific Research. Air exchange was calculated on the base of balance carbon dioxide method. This method was used in order to estimate the air flow rate. Concentrations of ammonia and CO2 were measured as the base for air exchange and ammonia emission rates. Ammonia emissions were product of ammonia concentration and air exchange rate. Temperature and relative humidity were measured to establish microclimate conditions in buildings tested to show the overall microclimatic situation in buildings. Differences between ammonia emission rates were observed in both housing systems. The highest ammonia emission rate was equal to 2.75 g·h−1·LU−1 in well-ventilated cattle barn with the largest herd size.
Is it time for robot rights? Moral status in artificial entities
Authors: Müller Vincent C. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSome authors have recently suggested that it is time to consider rights for robots. These suggestions are based on the claim that the question of robot rights should not depend on a standard set of conditions for ‘moral status’; but instead, the question is to be framed in a new way, by rejecting the is/ought distinction, making a relational turn, or assuming a methodological behaviourism. We try to clarify these suggestions and to show their highly problematic consequences. While we find the suggestions ultimately unmotivated, the discussion shows that our epistemic condition with respect to the moral status of others does raise problems, and that the human tendency to empathise with things that do not have moral status should be taken seriously—we suggest that it produces a “derived moral status”. Finally, it turns out that there is typically no individual in real AI that could even be said to be the bearer of moral status. Overall, there is no reason to think that robot rights are an issue now.
Non-consensual personified sexbots: an intrinsic wrong
Authors: Lancaster Karen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHumanoid robots used for sexual purposes (sexbots) are beginning to look increasingly lifelike. It is possible for a user to have a bespoke sexbot created which matches their exact requirements in skin pigmentation, hair and eye colour, body shape, and genital design. This means that it is possible—and increasingly easy—for a sexbot to be created which bears a very high degree of resemblance to a particular person. There is a small but steadily increasing literature exploring some of the ethical issues surrounding sexbots, however sexbots made to look like particular people is something which, as yet, has not been philosophically addressed in the literature. In this essay I argue that creating a lifelike sexbot to represent and resemble someone is an act of sexual objectification which morally requires consent, and that doing so without the person’s consent is intrinsically wrong. I consider two sexbot creators: Roy and Fred. Roy creates a sexbot of Katie with her consent, and Fred creates a sexbot of Jane without her consent. I draw on the work of Alan Goldman, Rae Langton, and Martha Nussbaum in particular to demonstrate that creating a sexbot of a particular person requires consent if it is to be intrinsically permissible.
Assessment of genetic diversity of Musa species accessions with variable genomes using ISSR and SCoT markers
Authors: Igwe David Okeh , Ihearahu Onyinye Constance , Osano Anne Adhiambo , Acquaah George , Ude George Nkem 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAssessing the effectiveness of different molecular markers is essential for identification of appropriate ones for crop improvement and conservation, hence, inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers were used for this study. Sixty-six accessions with different genomes obtained from International Transit Center, Belgium, were used for DNA extraction, amplification with ISSR and SCoT markers and agarose gel electrophoresis. The reproducible bands were scored for analyses. We identified high allelic richness of 299 (ISSR) and 326 (SCoT). Polymorphic information contents (ISSR: 0.9225; SCoT: 0.9421) were high but SCoT exhibited higher level of informativeness. The two markers demonstrated high percentage polymorphic loci (ISSR: 91.21–100%; SCoT: 96.97–100%). Other genetic indicators including effective number of alleles, Nei’s genetic diversity, and Shannon information index were higher in SCoT and further elucidated the usefulness of the markers. Intraspecific genetic diversity, interspecific genetic diversity, coefficient of gene differentiation and level of gene flow revealed extensive gene flow and larger variability within the accessions. Both ISSR and SCoT grouped the accessions via dendrogram, biplot and structure analyses. Though the two marker systems varied in their informativeness, they demonstrated high effectiveness in resolving genetic diversity (GD) of the different accessions, with higher efficiency in SCoT markers. Due to higher GD indices exhibited by SCoT, AS is the most genetically endowed one. Our study showed that SCoT markers are more informative than ISSR for GD exploration, assessment and cluster resolution of Musa species, thereby revealing the potential of SCoT markers for improved breeding and conservation.
In vitro assessment of antitumor immune responses using tumor antigen proteins produced by transgenic silkworms
Authors: Yamada Kanae , Masuda Kei , Ida Shota , Tada Hiroe , Bando Minori , Abe Kanako , Tatematsu Ken-ichiro , Sezutsu Hideki , Oyama Tetsunari , Chikamatsu Kazuaki , Takeda Shigeki 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe evaluation of antitumor immune responses is essential for immune monitoring to predict clinical outcomes as well as treatment efficacies in cancer patients. In this study, we produced two tumor antigen (TA) proteins, melanoma antigen family A4 and wild type p53, using TG silkworm systems and evaluated anti-TA-specific immune responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays in patients with head and neck cancer. Eleven (61.1%) of 18 patients showed significant IFN-γ production in response to at least one TA; however, the presence of TA-specific immune responses did not significantly contribute to better prognosis (overall survival, p = 0.1768; progression-free survival, p = 0.4507). Further studies will need to be performed on a larger scale to better assess the clinical significance of these systems. The production of multiple TA proteins may provide new avenues for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies to stimulate a potent and specific immune response against tumor cells as well as precise assessment of antitumor immune responses in cancer patients.
Behavior of rat bone marrow stem cells on titanium surfaces modified by laser-beam and deposition of calcium phosphate
Authors: Florian F. , Guastaldi F. P. S. , Cominotte M. A. , Pires L. C. , Guastaldi A. C. , Cirelli J. A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of rat bone marrow stem cells seeded on a Ti-15Mo alloy surface modified by laser-beam irradiation followed by calcium phosphate deposition.

Materials and methods
A total of four groups were evaluated: polished commercially pure titanium (cpTi): Ti-P; laser irradiation + calcium phosphate deposition on cpTi: Ti-LCP; polished Ti-15Mo alloy: Ti15Mo-P; and laser irradiation + calcium phosphate deposition on Ti-15Mo alloy: Ti15Mo-LCP. Before and after laser irradiation and calcium phosphate deposition on the surfaces, physicochemical and morphological analyses were performed: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX). The wettability of the samples was evaluated by contact angle measurement. In addition, the behavior of osteoblast-like cells to these surfaces was evaluated for cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation and viability, evaluation of alkaline phosphatase formation and gene expression of osteogenesis markers.

Results
Surfaces wet-abrade with grit paper (P) showed oriented groves, while the laser irradiation and calcium phosphate deposition (LCP) produced porosity on both cpTi and Ti15Mo alloy groups with deposits of hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals (SEM). EDX showed no contamination after surface modification in both metal samples. A complete wetting was observed for both LCP groups, whereas P surfaces exhibited high degree of hydrophobicity. There was a statistical difference in the intragroup comparison of proliferation and viability (p < 0.05). The ALP activity showed higher values in the Ti15Mo alloy at 10 days of culture. The gene expression of bone related molecules did not present significant differences at 7 and 14 days among different metals and surface treatments.

Conclusion
Ti15-Mo seems to be an alternative alloy to cpTi for dental implants. Surface treatment by laser irradiation followed by phosphate deposition seems to positively interact with bone cells.

Clinical relevance
Ti-15Mo alloy surface modified by laser-beam irradiation followed by calcium phosphate deposition may improve and accelerate the osseointegration process of dental implants.
Development and physicochemical characterization of novel porous phosphate glass bone graft substitute and in vitro comparison with xenograft
Authors: Chauhan Niketa , Lakhkar Nilay , Chaudhari Amol 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe process of bone regeneration in bone grafting procedures is greatly influenced by the physicochemical properties of the bone graft substitute. In this study, porous phosphate glass (PPG) morsels were developed and their physicochemical properties such as degradation, crystallinity, organic content, surface topography, particle size and porosity were evaluated using various analytical methods. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the PPG morsels was assessed and the interaction of the PPG morsels with Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) was studied by measuring cell proliferation and cell penetration depth. The cell-material interactions between PPG morsels and a commercially available xenograft (XG) were compared. The PPG morsels were observed to be amorphous, biocompatible and highly porous (porosity = 58.45%). From in vitro experiments, PPG morsels were observed to be non-cytotoxic and showed better cell proliferation. The internal surface of PPG was easily accessible to the cells compared to XG.
Information visualization analysis based on historical data
Authors: Zhang Yukun , Wu Bei , Tan Lifeng , Liu Jiayi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractVisual expression is increasingly used in historical research due to its intuitiveness and distinctness. However, most of the common research contents focus on the spatial concept, but lack the visualization analysis of the attribute characteristics of the research elements. In order to achieve this goal, based on a case study of the coastal military defense system in Ming Dynasty, the Geographic Information System (GIS) platform was adopted to reconstruct the historical map and its spatial data were extracted. On this foundation, the attribute characteristics of the military settlements, accessibility, was quantified by constructing a hierarchy evaluation model, and then the results were projected into the spatial geographic coordinates to realize the visualization of the accessibility of the military settlements in Ming Dynasty. The results showed that the combined method of quantification and visualization not only enabled more comprehensive and intuitive display of historical information, but also promoted data extraction and correlation analysis, creating a possibly for more in-depth future research.
Recent Developments of Transition Metal Compounds-Carbon Hybrid Electrodes for High Energy/Power Supercapacitors
Authors: Ren Kang , Liu Zheng , Wei Tong , Fan Zhuangjun 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDue to their rapid power delivery, fast charging, and long cycle life, supercapacitors have become an important energy storage technology recently. However, to meet the continuously increasing demands in the fields of portable electronics, transportation, and future robotic technologies, supercapacitors with higher energy densities without sacrificing high power densities and cycle stabilities are still challenged. Transition metal compounds (TMCs) possessing high theoretical capacitance are always used as electrode materials to improve the energy densities of supercapacitors. However, the power densities and cycle lives of such TMCs-based electrodes are still inferior due to their low intrinsic conductivity and large volume expansion during the charge/discharge process, which greatly impede their large-scale applications. Most recently, the ideal integrating of TMCs and conductive carbon skeletons is considered as an effective solution to solve the above challenges. Herein, we summarize the recent developments of TMCs/carbon hybrid electrodes which exhibit both high energy/power densities from the aspects of structural design strategies, including conductive carbon skeleton, interface engineering, and electronic structure. Furthermore, the remaining challenges and future perspectives are also highlighted so as to provide strategies for the high energy/power TMCs/carbon-based supercapacitors.
Ultrafast proton release reaction and primary photochemistry of phycocyanobilin in solution observed with fs-time-resolved mid-IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy
Authors: Theiß Maximilian , Grupe Merten , Lamparter Tilman , Mroginski Maria Andrea , Diller Rolf 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDeactivation processes of photoexcited (λex = 580 nm) phycocyanobilin (PCB) in methanol were investigated by means of UV/Vis and mid-IR femtosecond (fs) transient absorption (TA) as well as static fluorescence spectroscopy, supported by density-functional-theory calculations of three relevant ground state conformers, PCBA, PCBBand PCBC, their relative electronic state energies and normal mode vibrational analysis. UV/Vis fs-TA reveals time constants of 2.0, 18 and 67 ps, describing decay of PCBB*, of PCBA* and thermal re-equilibration of PCBA, PCBBand PCBC, respectively, in line with the model by Dietzek et al. (Chem Phys Lett 515:163, 2011) and predecessors. Significant substantiation and extension of this model is achieved first via mid-IR fs-TA, i.e. identification of molecular structures and their dynamics, with time constants of 2.6, 21 and 40 ps, respectively. Second, transient IR continuum absorption (CA) is observed in the region above 1755 cm−1(CA1) and between 1550 and 1450 cm−1(CA2), indicative for the IR absorption of highly polarizable protons in hydrogen bonding networks (X–H…Y). This allows to characterize chromophore protonation/deprotonation processes, associated with the electronic and structural dynamics, on a molecular level. The PCB photocycle is suggested to be closed via a long living (> 1 ns), PCBC-like (i.e. deprotonated), fluorescent species.
Drug Policy in India: An Analysis
Authors: Thakur Bharti , Mittal Neeru 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, or NDPS Act, was enacted to control addictive drugs and prohibit their possession, dispersion, sale, import, and trade in India. Psychotropic agents have the potential to change an individual’s consciousness, while narcotic drugs relieve anxiety. The Indian Parliament passed the NDPS Act on November 14, 1985. Nonetheless, these types of drugs are important in the practice of medicine. Consequently, the Act contains provisions for the cultivation of cannabis, poppy, and coca seeds and the production of certain psychotropic medicines used for medical purposes. The Act’s primary objective is to regulate the manufacturing, ownership, selling, and transportation of narcotics and psychotropic drugs. The Act forbids the selling of nearly 200 psychotropic medications, resulting in these drugs being inaccessible over the counter to the general public. These medications are only available for use with a prescription. Violations of this law can result in a sentence of incarceration or a fine, or both, depending on the offense’s severity, which is determined by the severity of the situation at hand. If the drugs are being used for personal benefit, the penalty can be minimized. Furthermore, the legislation has been revised several times since its inception.