bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early efficacy and safety data with fixed‐dose combination calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate foam attributed to mechanism of absorption and steroid potency
Authors: Tada Y. , Iversen L. , Koo J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTopical therapy is the mainstay of treatment for the majority of patients with psoriasis vulgaris (chronic plaque psoriasis), with combinations of vitamin D analogues and glucocorticoids having been shown to negate many of the negative effects associated with either monocomponent individually. Following the established efficacy of fixed‐dose combination calcipotriol (Cal; 50 µg/g) plus betamethasone dipropionate (BD; 0.5 mg/g) ointment and gel formulations, a novel Cal/BD foam formulation was developed. When applied, Cal/BD foam forms a supersaturated solution on the skin, increasing the penetration and bioavailability of Cal and BD. Early data indicate that this results in improved efficacy outcomes versus Cal/BD ointment, without negatively affecting safety outcomes (such as the incidence/severity of side effects or impacted calcium homeostasis or hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis). This article discusses the potency and absorption of fixed‐dose combination Cal/BD foam, as well as the positive early efficacy and safety data associated with its utilisation in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris.
Fixed‐dose combination calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate foam provides a rapid onset of action, effective itch relief and improves patient quality of life
Authors: Jalili A. , Yosipovitch G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe physical symptoms of psoriasis vulgaris (chronic plaque psoriasis), such as itch and itch‐related sleep loss, and the psychological impact of visible plaques on the body, all contribute to significantly reduced health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with psoriasis. In fact, the deterioration of HRQoL in patients with psoriasis is similar to patients with other chronic conditions, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Rapid and effective improvements in HRQoL and itch‐related outcomes would therefore be highly valued by patients and may even improve adherence to treatment. In this article, we summarise previously published data assessing the impact of fixed‐dose combination calcipotriol 50 µg/g plus betamethasone dipropionate 0.5 mg/g cutaneous foam (Cal/BD foam) on itch relief, quality of sleep, onset of action and HRQoL. Findings across multiple analyses indicate that Cal/BD foam provides significant improvements in itch, itch‐related sleep loss and HRQoL compared with vehicle foam or Cal/BD gel comparators. Additionally, the benefits of Cal/BD foam were recorded earlier than these comparators, often within 1 week of treatment, indicating a rapid onset of action. With the published data to hand, it is clear that Cal/BD foam provides significant improvements in the outcomes that matter most to patients and should be considered an effective topical treatment for psoriasis.
The subversive practice of counting bodies: Documenting violence and conflict in rural Brazil
Authors: Barbosa Ricardo , Roriz João 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper appraises Pastoral Land Commission's (CPT) practice of documenting the violence and conflict that has taken place in the Brazilian countryside since 1975. Based on 10 interviews with CPT National members and other primary sources, the paper conceptually explores the organisations' subversive practice of compiling and publishing data on this type of violence, hence producing emancipatory knowledge that supports progressive agrarian change. Although the state benefits from having such knowledge obscured, CPT's efforts shine a light on conflicts in the countryside and frame them as such. Documenting as a technology of resistance has been crucial for Brazilian social movements and scholar‐activists and has significant potential for reproduction elsewhere.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing of preadipocytes reveals the cell fate heterogeneity induced by melatonin
Authors: Li Zhenhui , Zheng Ming , Mo Jiawei , Li Kan , Yang Xin , Guo Lijin , Zhang Xiquan , Abdalla Bahareldin Ali , Nie Qinghua 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObesity is a global epidemic health disorder and associated with several diseases. Body weight–reducing effects of melatonin have been reported; however, no investigation toward examining whether the beneficial effects of melatonin are associated with preadipocyte heterogeneity has been reported. In this study, we profiled 25 071 transcriptomes of normal and melatonin‐treated preadipocytes using scRNA‐seq. By tSNE analysis, we present a cellular‐state landscape for melatonin‐treated preadipocytes that covers multiple‐cell subpopulations, defined as cluster 0 to cluster 13. Cluster 0 and cluster 1 were the largest components of normal and melatonin‐treated preadipocytes, respectively. G0S2, an inhibitor of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), was significantly upregulated in cluster 0 and downregulated in cluster 1. We redefined cluster 0 as the G0S2‐positive cluster (G0S2+) and cluster 1 as the G0S2‐negative cluster (G0S2−). Through pseudotime analysis, the G0S2− cluster cell differentiation trajectory was divided into three major structures, that is, the prebranch, the lipid catabolism branch, and the cell fate 2 branch. In vitro, G0S2 knockdown enhanced the expression levels of ATGL, BAT markers and fatty acid oxidation–related genes, but inhibited C/EBPα and PPARγ expression. In vivo, knockdown of G0S2 reduced the body weight gain in high‐fat‐fed mice. The beneficial effects of the G0S2− cell cluster in promoting lipolysis and inhibiting adipogenesis are dependent on two major aspects: first, downregulation of the G0S2 gene in the G0S2− cluster, resulting in activation of ATGL, which is responsible for the bulk of triacylglycerol hydrolase activity; and second, upregulation of FABP4 in the G0S2− cluster, resulting in inhibition of PPARγ and further reducing adipogenesis.
Own‐Race Advantage in Visual Working Memory for Faces Reflects Enhanced Storage Capacity and Quick Encoding1
Authors: Nishimura Yuka , Tsuda Hiroyuki , Ogawa Hirokazu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrevious research has shown that working memory (WM) performance for own‐race faces is better than for other‐race faces. We focused on the storage capacity and encoding rate to identify WM characteristics that facilitate own‐race face recognition. We investigated WM's temporal dynamics for own‐ and other‐race faces to separately identify the contribution of storage capacity and encoding rate on the own‐race advantage in WM. We presented Asian participants with Asian faces as own‐race faces and Black faces as other‐race faces in two experiments. Experiments 1 and 2 indicated a higher storage capacity for own‐race faces, and Experiment 2 also indicated an increased encoding rate for own‐race faces when backward masking was used. Moreover, there was no association between storage capacity and encoding rate. These findings suggest that both storage capacity and encoding rate independently contribute to the cross‐race effect in WM.
How Deification Became Eastern: German Idealism, Liberal Protestantism, and the Modern Misconstruction of the Doctrine
Authors: McInroy Mark 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article develops an original account of the rise of the modern misperception of deification as an exclusively Eastern Christian doctrine antithetical to Western theology. The study argues that the origins of the misconstruction lie in the distorting influence of German Idealism on the seminal treatment of the doctrine advanced by Ferdinand Christian Baur. With Idealist categories shaping his retrieval, Baur inaccurately portrays ancient Christian figures as advocating an automatic, mechanical deification of humanity as a whole that leaves the individual no role to play in his or her salvation. Such a view of deification as a mechanical, “physical” process is the precise basis on which Baur’s student Albrecht Ritschl and those in his school influentially claim it has no place in Western theology. The antecedent condition for deification coming to be characterized as Eastern, then, is it being understood as “physical,” and it is Baur who is ultimately responsible for Ritschl so viewing the doctrine. Baur’s Idealist‐inspired retrieval thus raises a mistaken understanding of deification to prominence in the modern period, resulting in misunderstandings of the doctrine that persist down to the present day.
CircCDR1as Suppresses Bone Microvascular Endothelial Cell Activity and Angiogenesis Through Targeting miR‐135b/ FIH‐1 Axis
Authors: Mao Zheng , Liu Gang , Xiao Gui‐Yang , Zhao Chang , Zou Yu‐Cong 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveThe current study investigated the role of CircCDR1as on angiogenesis of bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) isolated from non‐traumatic ONFH.MethodsForty corticosteroid‐induced ONFH patients received THA were enrolled in our study. Expressions of CircCDR1as, miR‐135b, and FIH‐1 were detected by qRT‐PCR in affected necrosis tissue and non‐affected normal tissue. Bone microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) were isolated from six patients and treated with 0.1 mg/mL hydrocortisone to establish a GC‐damaged model of BMECs. Circ CDR1as plasmid and miR‐135b mimic were transfected into BMECs. BMEC proliferation was assessed using MTT assays. The migration ability of cells was detected by scratch‐wound assays. Matrigel assay was performed to detect angiogenesis in vitro. Western blot assay was used to detect HIF‐1α, VEGF, and FIH‐1 expressions. FISH, RNA pull down, RIP, and luciferase assay were carried out to determine the interaction of CircCDR1as, miR‐135b, and FIH‐1.ResultsCircCDR1as was upregulated(2.02 ± 0.30 vs. 1.00 ± 0.10,P < 0.001) whereas miR‐135b was downregulated (0.55 ± 0.12 vs. 1.00 ± 0.10,P < 0.001) in affected tissues than in non‐affected tissues. Expression of CircCDR1as and FIH‐1 were negatively associated with miR‐135b in affected tissues (CircCDR1as with miR‐135b: r = −0.506, P < 0.001; FIH‐1 with miR‐135b r = −0.510, P < 0.001). Total blood tubule density was increased when CircCDR1as was silenced compared with NC (P < 0.01 vs. NC). The number of migrated BMECs were significantly increased in CircCDR1as silencing group compared with NC group (P < 0.05 vs. NC). In addition, CircCDR1as plasmids transfection increased the protein expressions of FIH‐1 (P < 0.05 vs. NC) and reduced the HIF‐1α as well as VEGF expression compared with NC group (P < 0.05 vs. NC). FISH, RNA pull down, RIP, and luciferase assay identified that FIH‐1 was a target of miR‐135b and could be modulated by CircCDR1as.ConclusionCircCDR1as decreases angiogenesis and proliferation of BMECs by sponging miR‐135b and upregulate FIH‐1.
Exogenous melatonin enhances the reactive oxygen species metabolism, antioxidant defense‐related gene expression, and photosynthetic capacity of Phaseolus vulgaris L. to confer salt stress tolerance
Authors: ElSayed Abdelaleim Ismail , Rafudeen Mohammed Suhail , Gomaa Ayman M. , Hasanuzzaman Mirza 
Published: February 2021

AbstractMelatonin (MT) has been reported to regulate certain plant physiological processes and promote tolerance to different environmental stresses such as salinity. Green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Royal Nel) seedlings were exposed to 200 mM NaCl with or without pre‐treatment with 150 μM MT. Salt stress led to a lower chlorophyll content, a reduced photosynthetic activity, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents, and decreased photosystem II (PSII) activity. The application of exogenous MT to green bean seedlings under salt stress improved photosynthetic activity and alleviated the oxidative damages by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The expression of catalase (CAT1), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), Peroxiredoxin Q (PrxQ), and 2‐cysteine peroxiredoxin (2‐Cys‐Prx) encoding genes was significantly increased under salt stress in green bean seedling compared with the untreated control. However, plants treated with exogenous MT and NaCl had 28.8, 21.1, 26.1, 20, 26.2, and 22.4% higher CuZnSOD, CAT1, APX, GR, PrxQ, and 2‐Cys‐Prx transcript levels, respectively, compared to NaCl stress alone. Our study revealed the protective mechanisms mediated by exogenous MT application in NaCl stress alleviation and our findings could be used in the management of green bean cultivation in salinity‐prone soils.
Reconstructing the nonadaptive radiation of an ancient lineage of ground‐dwelling stick insects (Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae)
Authors: Bank Sarah , Buckley Thomas R. , Büscher Thies H. , Bresseel Joachim , Constant Jérôme , de   Haan Mayk , Dittmar Daniel , Dräger Holger , Kahar Rafhiah S. , Kang Albert , Kneubühler Bruno , Langton‐Myers Shelley S. , Bradler Sven 
Published: February 2021

AbstractStick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) are large terrestrial herbivorous arthropods known for masquerading as plant parts such as bark, twigs and leaves. Their evolutionary history is largely shaped by convergent evolution associated with adaptive radiations on geographically isolated landmasses that have repeatedly generated ground‐dwelling ecomorphs. The members of one lineage, however, the Oriental Heteropterygidae, are morphologically rather uniform, and have a predominantly ground‐dwelling lifestyle. The phylogeny of Heteropterygidae that comprises approximately 130 described species is controversial and remains uncertain. In particular, the systematic position of the giant Jungle Nymph Heteropteryx dilatata, whose males are capable of flight and exhibit the most plesiomorphic wing morphology among extant phasmatodeans, is of major interest to the scientific community. Here, we analysed a set of seven nuclear and mitochondrial genes to infer the phylogeny of Heteropterygidae covering the group's overall diversity. The divergence time estimation and reconstruction of the historical biogeography resulted in an ancestral distribution across Sundaland with long distance dispersal events to Wallacea, the Philippines and the South Pacific. We were able to resolve the relationships among the three principal subgroups of Heteropterygidae and revealed the Dataminae, which contain entirely wingless small forms, as the sister group of Heteropteryginae + Obriminae. Within Heteropteryginae, Haaniella is recovered as paraphyletic in regard to Heteropteryx. Consequently, Heteropteryx must be considered a subordinate taxon deeply embedded within a flightless clade of stick insects. Within Obriminae, the Bornean Hoploclonia is strongly supported as the earliest diverging lineage. Based on this finding, we recognize only two tribes of equal rank among Obriminae, the Hoplocloniini trib. nov. and Obrimini sensu nov. Within the latter, we demonstrate that previous tribal assignments do not reflect phylogenetic relationships and that a basal splitting event occurred between the wing‐bearing clade Miroceramia + Pterobrimus and the remaining wingless Obrimini. The Philippine genus Tisamenus is paraphyletic with regard to Ilocano hebardi, thus, we transfer the latter species to Tisamenus as Tisamenus hebardi comb. nov. and synonymize Ilocano with Tisamenus. We discuss character transformations in the light of the new phylogenetic results and conclude that the current taxonomic diversity appears to be mainly driven by allopatry and not to be the result of niche differentiation. This radiation is thus best described as a nonadaptive radiation.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James 
Published: February 2021

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 9, Number 2António Calha, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, PortugalAurora Pestaño, University of San Jose Recoletos (USJR), PhilippinesBassam Yousef Ibrahim Banat, Al-Quds University, PalestineFahri ÖZSUNGUR, Adana Science and Technology University, TurkeyFroilan Mobo, Philippine Merchant Marine Academy, PhilippinesHenry Poduthas, West Texas A&M University, USAIoannis Makris, High School of Pedagogical and Technical Education, GreeceJehu Onyekwere Nnaji, University of Naples II,Italy and Globe Visions Network Italy, ItalyJulia M. Mack, Gannon University, USALaura Diaconu Maxim, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza University" of Iasi, RomaniaMei-Ling Lin, National Open University, TaiwanNikias Sarafoglou, GMU, USASusheelabai Srinivasa, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, United StatesYusramizza Md Isa, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia James YoungEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science StudiesRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://ijsss.redfame.com
Simulation of the Super Critical Water Loop Using ATHLET Code During an Abnormal Scenario
Authors: Mazzini Guido , Musa Alis , Fukac Rostilav 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Supercritical water (SCW) has advantages like high thermal efficiency and can operate at high temperature and pressure. At the same time, however, these properties bring up related issues, such as material compatibility and corrosion resistance. In an effort to fully investigate the operating conditions, and solutions to these issues, test facilities are being built by many research organizations. One such organization, the Research Center Řež (CVR) located in the Czech Republic, has developed an experimental supercritical water loop (SCWL). The purpose of this loop is to provide experimental data from material testing in various conditions, including operating under the neutron field. This will be achieved by inserting a test channel into the existing experimental reactor light water reactor 15 (LVR-15), which will require a license from the state nuclear regulator (State Office for Nuclear Safety (SUJB)). Part of the licensing documentation is the safety analysis, which combines results from developed models using the thermohydraulic code ATHLET 3.1 A patch 1, as well as the experimental out of pile data. Among the postulated scenarios, an abnormal sequence (labeled A2—Loss of power in the loop) was analyzed in order to provide a preliminary benchmark. This scenario is similar to the postulated in-pile A2 and it was used for the benchmark activity. The aim of this paper is to present this activity including the adopted assumptions in the model. In particular, the paper presents, how these assumptions influenced the results indicating the discrepancies obtained in the first part of the transient.
A Comparison Between Air and In-Service Welding on Oxygen Concentration and Microinclusions in E7018-1 Weld Metal
Authors: de Souza Gustavo José Suto , Alves Antonio do Nascimento Silva , Dalpiaz Giovani , Casanova Jaime , Brandi Sérgio Duarte 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the maintenance of in-service pipelines, the use of covered electrodes is usual due to several factors such as the flexibility of welding in hard-to-reach places and its low cost. During in-service welding of pipelines, the line remains in operation, which implies more rigorous temperature gradients that can result in microstructures more susceptible to failure. The objective of this work is to relate the welding current and cooling conditions, commonly used in-service welding, with the oxygen content and the volumetric fraction of microinclusions. In this step, the effect on the oxygen content and the volumetric fraction of microinclusions are analyzed based on experimental results using the technique of factorial experiments. Bead-on-plate samples were welded under two cooling conditions, air and cooling with water, and two nominal welding currents, 86 A and 98 A. The increase in oxygen content was observed with increasing welding current and with the cooling rate. In addition, the higher cooling rate reduced the mean microinclusions size, which can suppress the formation of acicular ferrite and, consequently, reduce the toughness and the ultimate stress limit of weld metal.
Adaptive Robust Tracking Control for Hybrid Models of Three-Dimensional Bipedal Robotic Walking Under Uncertainties
Authors: Gu Yan , Yuan Chengzhi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces an adaptive robust trajectory tracking controller design to provably realize stable bipedal robotic walking under parametric and unmodeled uncertainties. Deriving such a controller is challenging mainly because of the highly complex bipedal walking dynamics that are hybrid and involve nonlinear, uncontrolled state-triggered jumps. The main contribution of the study is the synthesis of a continuous-phase adaptive robust tracking control law for hybrid models of bipedal robotic walking by incorporating the construction of multiple Lyapunov functions into the control Lyapunov function. The evolution of the Lyapunov function across the state-triggered jumps is explicitly analyzed to construct sufficient conditions that guide the proposed control design for provably guaranteeing the stability and tracking the performance of the hybrid system in the presence of uncertainties. Simulation results on fully actuated bipedal robotic walking validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in walking stabilization under uncertainties.
Quantitative Analysis of Reynolds and Navier–Stokes Based Modeling Approaches for Isothermal Newtonian Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication
Authors: Scurria Leoluca , Tamarozzi Tommaso , Voronkov Oleg , Fauconnier Dieter 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWhen simulating elastohydrodynamic lubrication, two main approaches are usually followed to predict the pressure and fluid film thickness distribution throughout the contact. The conventional approach relies on the Reynolds equation to describe the thin lubricant film, which is coupled to a Boussinesq description of the linear elastic deformation of the solids. A more accurate, yet a time-consuming method is the use of computational fluid dynamics in which the Navier–Stokes equations describe the flow of the thin lubricant film, coupled to a finite element solver for the description of the local contact deformation. This investigation aims at assessing both methods for different lubrication conditions in different elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) regimes and quantify their differences to understand advantages and limitations of both methods. This investigation shows how the results from both approaches deviate for three scenarios: (1) inertial contributions (Re &gt; 1), i.e., thick films, high speed, and low viscosity; (2) high shear stresses leading to secondary flows; and (3) large deformations of the solids leading to inaccuracies of the Boussinesq equation.