bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived Stigma and Its Association With Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Among Patients With Epilepsy
Authors: Ranjan Lokesh Kumar , Gupta Pramad R. , Srivastava Mayank 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The present study focuses on exploring the prevalence and relationship of stigma, stress, anxiety, and depression among patients with epilepsy. This hospital-based study consisted of 200 patients diagnosed with epilepsy using a purposive sampling selected from the outpatient department of the Central Indian Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Dewada, Chhattisgarh, India. Patients were assessed through a sociodemographic datasheet, Stigma Scale of Epilepsy, and Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. The result of the study reveals that patient with epilepsy perceived 25% of high stigma 61.0% of stress, 55.0% of anxiety, and 47.5% of the extremely severe level depression. In regression analysis, overall perceived stigma strongly contributes 32.9% to the variance on stress, anxiety, and depression in epileptic patients. The present study helps mental health professionals to understand the problems faced by patients with epilepsy and to create awareness about the same in society so that patients diagnosed with epilepsy are not ostracized.
Predicting Emergence of Primary and Secondary Syphilis Among Women of Reproductive Age in US Counties
Authors: Kimball Anne A. , Torrone Elizabeth A. , Bernstein Kyle T. , Grey Jeremy A. , Bowen Virginia B. , Rickless David S. , Learner Emily R. 
Published: October 2021

Background
Syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection that can cause severe congenital disease when not treated during pregnancy, is on the rise in the United States. Our objective was to identify US counties with elevated risk for emergence of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis among women of reproductive age.

Methods
Using syphilis case reports, we identified counties with no cases of P&S syphilis among women of reproductive age in 2017 and 1 case or more in 2018. Using county-level syphilis and sociodemographic data, we developed a model to predict counties with emergence of P&S syphilis among women and a risk score to identify counties at elevated risk.

Results
Of 2451 counties with no cases of P&S syphilis among women of reproductive age in 2017, 345 counties (14.1%) had documented emergence of syphilis in 2018. Emergence was predicted by the county's P&S syphilis rate among men; violent crime rate; proportions of Black, White, Asian, and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander persons; urbanicity; presence of a metropolitan area; population size; and having a neighboring county with P&S syphilis among women. A risk score of 20 or more identified 75% of counties with emergence.

Conclusions
Jurisdictions can identify counties at elevated risk for emergence of syphilis in women and tailor prevention efforts. Prevention of syphilis requires multidisciplinary collaboration to address underlying social factors.
Treatment of Syphilis With Doxycycline in a Pregnant Woman Unable to Be Desensitized to Penicillin
Authors: Tillery Kory A. , Smiley Sarah G. , Thomas Elaine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A pregnant woman with a non–IgE-mediated penicillin allergy was treated for syphilis with doxycycline with resolution of infection and no evidence of adverse outcome for mother or infant.
Rehabilitation outcomes after major lower limb amputation in the oldest old: a systematic review
Authors: Frengopoulos Courtney , Fuller Katherine , Payne Michael W.C. , Viana Ricardo , Hunter Susan W. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Because the population grows older and the burden of chronic disease increases, many individuals will undergo major lower limb amputation (LLA) at advanced ages. There is a scarcity of literature focusing on the outcomes of rehabilitation for people who acquire LLA at 80 years of age and older.

Objectives:
To determine the scope of empirical evidence regarding prosthetic rehabilitation for newly acquired LLA in the oldest old (≥80 years of age).

Study design:
Systematic Review.

Methods:
The databases CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Scopus were searched from inception through June 6, 2020 (PROSPERO: #CRD 42020188623). Two authors independently reviewed all titles and abstracts for inclusion. Inclusion criteria, LLA of any etiology at the transtibial level or above, those who were ≥80 years of age at the time of amputation, and had rehabilitation outcomes reported.

Results:
Of 11,738 articles identified from databases, 117 underwent full-text review and 10 met inclusion criteria. Multiple rehabilitation outcomes were assessed by the selected studies, including general outcomes, prosthetic-related outcomes, and functional abilities. Individuals ≥80 years of age were able to successfully use a prosthesis, discharged home, and performed activities independently or with support. However, increased age was negatively associated with prosthesis fitting and rehabilitation success was not uniform in some participants.

Conclusions:
The oldest old with major LLA can be successful in prosthetic rehabilitation. Age alone should not disqualify individuals from assessment or participation in an amputee rehabilitation program. More research is needed to better understand the rehabilitation outcomes in this population of people with LLA.
Risk of Upstaging Due to Oncofertility Treatment Mimicking Pelvic Lymphoma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Schierz Jan-Henning , Ali Farzana , McLeod Anke 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
A 23-year-old woman with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma was referred to 18F-FDG PET/CT for staging. Besides the large mediastinal FDG-avid tumor, another FDG-avid lesion with an SUV higher than expected in corpus luteum cysts was found in the pelvis, raising suspicion for tumor. However, gynecologic ultrasound and review of patient chart revealed history of oncofertility treatment with GNRH analog. This prior treatment was responsible for the intense 18F-FDG uptake within the left ovary, way above the SUV levels commonly associated with menstrual cycle. In this case, the disease was downgraded to stage II, resulting in a less aggressive treatment.
Thyroid Incidentaloma on 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT Leading to Detection of Thyroid Metastasis in Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma
Authors: Parghane Rahul V. , Basu Sandip 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

68Ga-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-11 PET/CT has evolved as the noninvasive imaging modality of choice in prostatic adenocarcinoma to detect overexpression of PSMA on prostate cancer cells. Metastasis to the thyroid gland is rarely observed in clinical practice of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Herein, we report the first and rare case of metastatic castration-resistant prostatic adenocarcinoma with thyroid metastasis. The patient demonstrated intensely PSMA-expressing primary prostatic lesion, metastatic lymph nodes, and skeletal lesions, and also mild uptake in thyroid nodule, which on further investigations was established as thyroid metastasis from prostate adenocarcinoma.
The Supraorbital Approach via an Eyebrow Incision: Analysis of Cosmetic Outcomes Using the Scar Cosmesis Assessment Rating Scale
Authors: Ziai Kasra , Shah Sejal , Daggubati Lekhaj C. , Zacharia Brad E. , Lighthall Jessyka G. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe supraorbital craniotomy through an eyebrow incision, referred to as the suprabrow approach, may be used to access intracranial lesions. Though offering good surgical exposure for anterior base cranial lesions, the suprabrow approach has a paucity of studies on its cosmetic outcomes. In this study, we aimed to assess the cosmetic outcomes of suprabrow approach using validated Scar Cosmesis Assessment Rating (SCAR) scale for the first time. Three patients underwent a suprabrow approach for resection of a suprasellar or frontal mass. Their postoperative courses were followed, with specific attention to the cosmetic outcome of their procedures. The SCAR scale was used to determine the cosmetic success of the approach. We found that all 3 patients scored ≤ 5 on the SCAR scale. All 3 resections were successful with no major postoperative complications. The only minor complication was transient hypoesthesia of the ipsilateral forehead that was noted in all 3 patients.This study quantified the positive cosmetic outcomes of a minimally invasive suprabrow approach. The suprabrow approach provides acceptable surgical exposure and access in an appropriately selected patient with anterior cranial base lesions and results in favorable cosmesis. Although transient hypoesthesia in the distribution of the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve occurs, the overall benefits of the approach and desirable cosmetic outcomes make the suprabrow approach a good technique to access intracranial lesions in appropriate cases.
Facial Nerve Reconstruction Using Acellular Nerve Allograft
Authors: Robinson Jordan , Fisher David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen repaired with interposition nerve grafts, segmental facial nerve defects are traditionally treated with nerve autograft. The authors present a patient who presented after partial resection of a basal cell carcinoma over the left zygomatic region with positive deep and peripheral margins and complete loss of frontal and zygomatic facial nerve function. She was subsequently treated with wide resection, superficial parotidectomy, and cervicofacial flap. The parotidectomy was performed for deep margin control and the facial nerve was dissected distally demonstrating the prior resection of a segment of frontal and zygomatic branches consistent with clinical exam. For acute segmental facial nerve defects, nerve autograft has been the gold standard. in our patient, segmental repair using processed nerve allograft demonstrated rapid and complete recovery. This is a viable option for facial nerve reconstruction with various benefits of avoiding donor site morbidity, ease of allograft nerve handling and decreased operative time.
Comparative Effectiveness of BNT162b2 versus Ad26.COV2.S for the Prevention of COVID-19 among Dialysis Patients
Authors: Brunelli Steven M. , Sibbel Scott , Karpinski Steph , Marlowe Gilbert , Walker Adam G. , Giullian Jeffrey , Van Wyck David , Kelley Tara , Lazar Rachael , Zywno Meredith L. , Connaire Jeffrey J. , Young Amy , Tentori Francesca 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundmRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been shown to be highly effective among dialysis patients. Because individual vaccines may be differentially available or acceptable to patients, it is important to understand comparative effectiveness of other vaccines, such those based on adeno-virus technologies.MethodsThis retrospective study compared the clinical effectiveness of Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen/Johnson and Johnson) to BNT162b2 among dialysis patients. Patients initiating BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) were matched 1:1 to Ad26.COV2.S recipients based on age, race, US state of residence, calendar week of first vaccine receipt, and history of COVID-19. The primary outcome was the comparative rate of COVID-19 considered over 3 follow-up intervals: weeks 1-3, 4-6, and ≥ 7 post-vaccination. In a subset of consented Ad26.COV2.S patients, blood samples were collected ≥28 days after vaccination and anti-SARS-Cov-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies were measured.ResultsThere were 2659 matched pairs of patients who received a first dose of each vaccine. During weeks 1-3, incidence rates were 1.13 vs 1.39 per 1000 patient-weeks (pt-wks) for BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S recipients, respectively (incident rate difference [IRD]: 0.25; 95% CI: -0.90, 1.36). During weeks 4-6, incidence rates were 0.78 vs 0.39 per 1000 pt-wks for BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S recipients, respectively (IRD: -0.39; 95% CI: -1.16, 0.38). After week 7, incidence rates were 1.29 vs 1.39 per 1000 pt-wks for BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S recipients, respectively (IRD: 0.10; 95% CI: -0.35, 0.55). Results were similar when considering only patients without a history of COVID-19 and among matched pairs in which BNT162b2 recipients completed the 2-dose regimen. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 59.4% (95% CI: 53.0%-65.5%) of Ad26.COV2.S patients.ConclusionIn a large real-world cohort of dialysis patients, no difference was detected in the clinical effectiveness of BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S, despite an inconsistent antibody response to the latter. These data support the use of either agent in ongoing vaccination efforts in this population.
The Contribution of Pharmacogenetic Drug Interactions to 90-Day Hospital Readmissions: Preliminary Results from a Real-World Healthcare System
Authors: David Sean P. , Singh Lavisha , Pruitt Jaclyn , Hensing Andrew , Hulick Peter J. , Meltzer David O. , O’Donnell Peter H. , Dunnenberger H. Mark 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClinical Pharmacogenomics Implementation Consortium (CPIC) guidelines exist for many medications commonly prescribed prior to hospital discharge, yet there is limited data regarding the contribution of gene-x-drug interactions to hospital readmissions. The present study evaluated the relationship between prescription of CPIC medications prescribed within 30 days of hospital admission and 90-day hospital readmission from 2010-2020 in a study population (N=10,104) who underwent sequencing with a 14-gene pharmacogenetic panel. The presence of at least one pharmacogenetic indicator for a medication prescribed within 30 days of hospital admission was considered a gene-x-drug interaction. Multivariable logistic regression analyzed the association between one or more gene-x-drug interactions with 90-day readmission. There were 2,211/2,354 (93.9%) admitted patients who were prescribed at least one CPIC medication. Univariate analyses indicated that the presence of at least one identified gene-x-drug interaction increased risk of 90-day readmission by more than 40% (OR=1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.84)(p=0.01). A multivariable model adjusting for age, race, sex, employment status, body mass index, and medical conditions, slightly attenuated the effect (OR=1.33, 95% CI 1.02-1.75)(p=0.04). Our results suggest that the presence of one or more CPIC gene-x-drug interactions increases the risk of 90-day hospital readmission, even after adjustment for demographic and clinical risk factors.
Effects of Confounding Bias in COVID-19 and Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Test-Negative Designs Due to Correlated Influenza and COVID-19 Vaccination Behaviors
Authors: Doll Margaret K. , Pettigrew Stacy M. , Ma Julia , Verma Aman 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe test-negative design is commonly used to estimate influenza and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE). In these studies, correlated COVID-19 and influenza vaccine behaviors may introduce a confounding bias where controls are included with the other vaccine-preventable acute respiratory illness (ARI). We quantified the impact of this bias on VE estimates in studies where this bias is not addressed.MethodsWe simulated study populations under varying vaccination probabilities, COVID-19 VE, influenza VE, and proportions of controls included with the other vaccine-preventable ARI. Mean bias was calculated as the difference between true and estimated VE. Absolute mean bias in VE estimates was classified as low (<10%), moderate (10% to <20%), and high (≥20%).ResultsWhere vaccination probabilities are positively correlated, COVID-19 and influenza VE test-negative studies with influenza and SARS-CoV-2 ARI controls, respectively, underestimate VE. For COVID-19 VE studies, mean bias was low for all scenarios where influenza represented ≤50% of controls. For influenza VE studies, mean bias was low for all scenarios where SARS-CoV-2 represented ≤10% of controls. Although bias was driven by the conditional probability of vaccination, low VE of the vaccine of interest and high VE of the confounding vaccine increase its magnitude.ConclusionsWhere a low percentage of controls are included with the other vaccine-preventable ARI, bias in COVID-19 and influenza VE estimates is low. However, influenza VE estimates are likely more susceptible to bias. Researchers should consider potential bias and its implications in their respective study settings to make informed methodological decisions in test-negative VE studies.
SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain IgG Response to AstraZeneca (AZD1222) COVID-19 Vaccination, Jamaica
Authors: Leys Ynolde E. , Nwokocha Magdalene , Walker Jerome P. , Butterfield Tiffany R. , Frater Velesha , Thompson Tamara K. , Anderson Mark , Cloherty Gavin A. , Anzinger Joshua J. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe Caribbean region is lacking an assessment of the antibody response and side effects experienced after AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccination (AZD1222). We examined SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG levels and reported side effects in a Jamaican population after AZD1222 vaccination. Median RBD IgG levels for persons without evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were 43.1 bIU/mL after 3-7 weeks post first dose, rising to 100.1 bIU/mL 3-7 weeks post second dose, and falling 46.9 bIU/mL 16-22 weeks post second dose. The median RBD IgG level 2-8 weeks after symptom onset for unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2 infected persons of all disease severities was 411.6 bIU/mL. Common AZD1222 side effects after first dose were injection site pain, headache and chills. Most persons reported no side effects after second dose. AZD1222 is widely used across the English-speaking Caribbean and the study provides evidence for its continued safe and effective use in vaccination programs.
A 6-CpG Validated Methylation Risk Score Model for Metabolic Syndrome: The HyperGEN and GOLDN Studies
Authors: Hidalgo Bertha A , Minniefield Bre , Patki Amit , Tanner Rikki , Bhagheri Minoo , Tiwari Hemant K. , Arnett Donna K. , Irvin M. Ryan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere has been great interest in genetic risk prediction using risk scores in recent years, however, the utility of scores developed in European populations and later applied to non-European populations has not been successful. In this study, we used cross-sectional data from the Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network (HyperGEN, N=614 African Americans (AA)) and the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN, N=995 European Americans (EA)), to create a methylation risk score (MRS) for metabolic syndrome (MetS), demonstrating the utility of MRS across race groups. To demonstrate this, we first selected cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpG) sites measured on Illumina Methyl450 arrays previously reported to be significantly associated with MetS and/or component conditions (CPT1A cg00574958, PHOSPHO1 cg02650017, ABCG1 cg06500161, SREBF1 cg11024682, SOCS3 cg18181703, TXNIP cg19693031). Second, we calculated the parameter estimates for the 6 CpGs in the HyperGEN data and used the beta estimates as weights to construct a MRS in HyperGEN, which was validated in GOLDN. We performed association analyses using a logistic mixed model to test the association between the MRS and MetS adjusting for covariates. Results showed the MRS was significantly associated with MetS in both populations. In summary, a MRS for MetS was a strong predictor for the condition across two ethnic groups suggesting MRS may be useful to examine metabolic disease risk or related complications across ethnic groups.
Cloud-enabled Fiji for reproducible, integrated and modular image processing
Authors: Hung Ling-Hong , Straw Evan , Reddy Shishir , Schmitz Robert , Colburn Zachary , Yeung Ka Yee 
Published: October 2021

AbstractModern biomedical image analyses workflows contain multiple computational processing tasks giving rise to problems in reproducibility. In addition, image datasets can span both spatial and temporal dimensions, with additional channels for fluorescence and other data, resulting in datasets that are too large to be processed locally on a laptop. For omics analyses, software containers have been shown to enhance reproducibility, facilitate installation and provide access to scalable computational resources on the cloud. However, most image analyses contain steps that are graphical and interactive, features that are not supported by most omics execution engines. We present the containerized and cloud-enabled Biodepot-workflow-builder platform that supports graphics from software containers and has been extended for image analyses. We demonstrate the potential of our modular approach with multi-step workflows that incorporate the popular and open-source Fiji suite for image processing. One of our examples integrates fully interactive Fiji macros with Jupyter notebooks. Our second example illustrates how the complicated cloud setup of an computationally intensive process such as stitching 3D digital pathology datasets using BigStitcher can be automated and simplified. In both examples, users can leverage a form-based graphical interface to execute multi-step workflows with a single click, using the provided sample data and preset input parameters. Alternatively, users can interactively modify the image processing steps in the workflow, apply the workflows to their own data, change the input parameters and macros. By providing interactive graphics support to software containers, our modular platform supports reproducible image analysis workflows, simplified access to cloud resources for analysis of large datasets, and integrated workflows across imaging, genomics and transcriptomics data.
Do demographic processes change at extremely low population size in western monarch butterflies?
Authors: Edwards Collin B. , Schultz Cheryl B. , Crone Elizabeth 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAllee effects – the breakdown of biological processes at low population densities – are ecologically important because they can potentially drag already struggling populations to extinction. However, identifying and documenting Allee effects is challenging, especially for natural populations, because it is difficult to know when populations have dropped to critically low densities, and to observe them both above and below this threshold. Here, we compared demographic processes in the western monarch butterfly,Danaus plexippus,before and after the population had fallen below the size at which Allee effects were hypothesized to take hold. Comparisons drew on data we collected after a dramatic population crash in 2018, previously published data from other researchers, and community science data. We found no evidence for Allee effects in winter survival, the fraction of females mated in early spring, or eggs laid per day. We did identify a 43% decline in the distance of seasonal range expansion, which could reflect Allee effects in terms of summer population growth rates or density-dependent movement behavior. In addition, overwinter survival of western monarch butterflies has substantially declined since first estimated in 1975 and may be contributing to the long-term population decline. The lack of evidence for Allee effects and the recent rebound in population size provide a more hopeful view for monarch conservation in the future but do not supersede the documented density-independent population decline across the last several decades.