bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pragmatic, linguistic and cognitive factors in young children's development of quantity, relevance and word learning inferences
Authors: WILSON Elspeth , KATSOS Napoleon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo better understand the developmental trajectory of children's pragmatic development, studies that examine more than one type of implicature as well as associated linguistic and cognitive factors are required. We investigated three- to five-year-old English-speaking children's (N = 71) performance in ad hoc quantity, scalar quantity and relevance implicatures, as well as word learning by exclusion inferences, using a sentence-to-picture-matching story-based task. Children's pragmatic abilities improved with age, with word learning by exclusion acquired first, followed by relevance and ad hoc quantity implicatures, and finally scalar quantity implicatures. In an exploratory analysis (with a subset of the data N = 58), we found that structural language knowledge was a predictor of pragmatic performance (but no evidence for an association with socioeconomic status or Theory of Mind, controlling for structural language). We discuss reasons why this developmental pattern emerges with reference to linguistic and extra-linguistic properties of these inferences.
Profiles of early family environments and the growth of executive function: Maternal sensitivity as a protective factor
Authors: Ku Seulki , Blair Clancy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe identified family risk profiles at 6 months using socioeconomic status (SES) and maternal mental health indicators with data from the Family Life Project (N= 1,292). We related profiles to executive function (EF) at 36 months (intercept) and growth in EF between 36 and 60 months. Latent profile analysis revealed five distinct profiles, characterized by different combinations of SES and maternal mental health symptoms. Maternal sensitivity predicted faster growth in EF among children in the profile characterized by deep poverty and the absence of maternal mental health symptoms. Maternal sensitivity also predicted higher EF intercept but slower EF growth among children in the profile characterized by deep poverty and maternal mental health symptoms, and children in the near poor (low SES), mentally healthy profile. Maternal sensitivity also predicted higher EF intercept but had no effect on growth in EF in the near poor, mentally distressed profile. In contrast, maternal sensitivity did not predict the intercept or growth of EF in the privileged SES/mentally healthy profile. Our findings using a person-centered approach provide a more nuanced understanding of the role of maternal sensitivity in the growth of EF, such that maternal sensitivity may differentially affect the growth of EF in various contexts.
Interplay between genetic risk and the parent environment in adolescence and substance use in young adulthood: A TRAILS study
Authors: Pasman Joëlle A. , Smit Koen , Vollebergh Wilma A.M. , Nolte Ilja M. , Hartman Catharina A. , Abdellaoui Abdel , Verweij Karin J.H. , Maciejewski Dominique , Vink Jacqueline M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany adolescents start using tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis. Genetic vulnerability, parent characteristics in young adolescence, and interaction (GxE) and correlation (rGE) between these factors could contribute to the development of substance use. Using prospective data from the TRacking Adolescent Individuals’ Lives Survey (TRAILS; N = 1,645), we model latent parent characteristics in young adolescence to predict young adult substance use. Polygenic scores (PGS) are created based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for smoking, alcohol use, and cannabis use. Using structural equation modeling we model the direct, GxE, and rGE effects of parent factors and PGS on young adult smoking, alcohol use, and cannabis initiation. The PGS, parental involvement, parental substance use, and parent–child relationship quality predicted smoking. There was GxE such that the PGS amplified the effect of parental substance use on smoking. There was rGE between all parent factors and the smoking PGS. Alcohol use was not predicted by genetic or parent factors, nor by interplay. Cannabis initiation was predicted by the PGS and parental substance use, but there was no GxE or rGE. Genetic risk and parent factors are important predictors of substance use and show GxE and rGE in smoking. These findings can act as a starting point for identifying people at risk.
The Emergence of a Complex Language Skill: Evidence from the Self-organization of Interpreting Competence in Interpreting Students
Authors: Yu Zhibin , Dong Yanping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractResearch on the development of interpreting competence could be a window to the issue of how L2 learners develop complex language skills. The present study conducted a longitudinal experiment with beginning interpreting students, exploring the change of relationship between consecutive interpreting (CI) competence and two related capacities (i.e., language competence and memory capacity). Two major results were revealed. First, in general, more language skills and working memory (WM) spans got correlated with CI performance at the later stage of CI training. Second, a fit structural equation model of CI competence could only be reported in the post-test. We may therefore conclude that the development of interpreting competence is at least partly a result of the self-organization of the interpreting competence system, in which relevant components get mobilized, and a better coordinated structure emerges. Implications for the development of complex language skills and for the concept of self-organization are discussed.
Psychometric validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale in Polish (IPOS-Pol)
Authors: Szeliga Marta , Kotlińska-Lemieszek Aleksandra , Jagielski Paweł , Jaroszewski Wojciech , Kuźmicz Ilona , Stachnik Katarzyna , Feit Julia , Deskur-Śmielecka Ewa , Gradalski Tomasz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objective
The study aimed to assess the reliability and validity of the IPOS-Pol for patient self-reporting.

Method
Patients (>18 years of age) with advanced cancer admitted to three palliative care centers (inpatient units and home-based) were recruited to a multicenter, cross-sectional, observational, prospective study. Participants provided responses to the IPOS-Pol Patient version and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire – Core 15 – Palliative Care (EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL) Polish version at baseline (T1) and four to seven days later (T2). We assessed test–retest reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity of the tool.

Results
One hundred and eighty patients were included. Test–retest reliability demonstrated no statistically significant differences in the average outcomes of the IPOS-Pol between T1 and T2 (27.2 ± 9.2 vs. 26.5 ± 8.7; p > 0.05). The intra-class correlation coefficient between T1 and T2 was r = 0.83 (p < 0.0001), the intra-class correlation coefficient for test–retest reliability of the IPOS-Pol items ranged from 0.63 to 0.84 (p < 0.0001), and the Cronbach's α coefficient for internal consistency was 0.773. The correlation coefficient between the IPOS-Pol and EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL total score was 0.79 (p < 0.001).

Significance of results
The patient version of the Polish adaptation of IPOS is a valid and reliable outcome measure for assessing symptoms and concerns of individuals receiving palliative care, as well as the quality of care provided.
Gradient-based optimization method for interference suppression of linear arrays by the amplitude-only and phase-only control
Authors: Gao Renjing , Tang Yi , Wang Qi , Liu Shutian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper presents a gradient-based optimization method for interference suppression of linear arrays by controlling the electrical parameters of each array element, including the amplitude-only and phase-only. Gradient-based optimization algorithm (GOA), as an efficient optimization algorithm, is applied to the optimization problem of the anti-interference arrays that is generally solved by the evolutionary algorithms. The goal of this method is to maximize the main beam gain while minimizing the peak sidelobe level (PSLL) together with the null constraint. To control the nulls precisely and synthesize the radiation pattern accurately, the full-wave method of moments is used to consider the mutual coupling among the array elements rigorously. The searching efficiency is improved greatly because the gradient (sensitivity) information is used in the algorithm for solving the optimization problem. The sensitivities of the design objective and the constraint function with respect to the design variables are analytically derived and the optimization problems are solved by using GOA. The results of the GOA can produce the desired null at the specific positions, minimize the PSLL, and greatly shorten the computation time compared with the often-used non-gradient method such as genetic algorithm and cuckoo search algorithm.
A low-profile circularly polarized microstrip antenna using elliptical electromagnetic band gap structure
Authors: Patil Shilpee , Verma Alka , Kumar Singh Anil , Kanaujia Binod Kumar , Kumar Suresh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study investigates a low-profile circularly polarized (CP) antenna using coplanar waveguide feeding. Rectangular-shaped slots and an inverted L-shaped slit are entrenched into the ground plane to enhance the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. Furthermore, the antenna is implemented with six elliptical electromagnetic band gap structures on its substrate to enhance the −10 dB return loss bandwidth and also to generate CP waves. The experimental and theoretical results closely match each other and indicate that a simple and compact design antenna with dimensions of 0.317λ0 × 0.317λ0 × 0.023λ0(λ0 is the operating wavelength at 4.74 GHz in free space) achieves 36.9% (3.91–5.68 GHz) of the −10 dB return loss bandwidth and 9.98% (4.09–4.52 GHz) of the 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth, thus making it a favorable entrant for radio altimeter and wireless avionics infra-communication systems.
A Century of Tidal Variability in the North Pacific Extracted From Hourly Geomagnetic Observatory Measurements at Honolulu
Authors: Tyler Robert H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPrevious analyses of hourly tide‐gauge data taken at Honolulu since 1905 have shown that both sea level and the amplitude of the tides have increased synchronously over time, and a process has been proposed whereby the common cause is an increase in ocean temperature. Validation with independent data of this change in tides, as well as the proposed cause, has been lacking. Ocean tides also generate magnetic fields that reach far outside the ocean, and tidal signals are clearly seen in the hourly data since 1905 from the Honolulu geomagnetic observatory. Here, it is found that the tidal amplitudes have increased synchronously in the tide‐gauge and magnetic records, providing independent support for the previous results. Further information about the changing ocean is likely contained in the historical data from geomagnetic observatories as well as the global coverage of modern satellite magnetic surveys.
Influence of Riverine Discharge and Timing of Ice Retreat on Particle Sedimentation Patterns on the Laptev Sea Shelf
Authors: Drits A. V. , Pasternak A. F. , Arashkevich E. G. , Kravchishina M. D. , Sukhanova I. N. , Sergeeva V. M. , Flint M. V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe studied the influence of river discharge and timing of ice retreat on sinking fluxes of total particulate matter and its components in the Laptev Sea in August–September 2017 and 2018. Vertical fluxes were measured with short‐term sediment traps located on the shelf adjusted to the Lena and Khatanga Rivers inflows (four shallow stations in 2017) and in Vilkitski Strait/Trough area (two deeper stations) in 2018. One station outside the Khatanga plume was repeated in both years. The effect of river discharge manifested by high total particle flux (1–1.6 g m−2 d−1), high Si (0.3 g m−2 d−1) and Al (0.1 g m−2 d−1) fluxes, a high proportion of terrigenous organic carbon (10.7%–27.5% total organic carbon) was clearly recognizable only in the shelf area closest to the Lena inflow. Large contribution of the lithogenic matter to the flux on the Laptev shelf is suggested to result also from sediment resuspension (caused by the tidal mixing and upwelling events), lateral offshore transport of sediment just above the seabed, and coastal abrasion. The magnitude of vertical fluxes of total particulate matter and organic carbon was two to three times higher in 2017 (late ice retreat) than in 2018 (early ice retreat). Centric diatoms dominated protist flux in 2017 while in 2018, dinoflagellates and tintinnids dominated. The contribution of protists to the biogenic organic carbon flux reached 62% in 2018 versus <1% in 2017. Zooplankton fecal pellet flux was not influenced by river discharge but was higher soon after ice melt.
Skeletal Growth Response of Porites Coral to Long‐Term Ocean Warming and Acidification in the South China Sea
Authors: Kang Huiling , Chen Xuefei , Deng Wenfeng , Wang Xijie , Cui Hao , Liu Xi , Cai Guanqiang , Zeng Ti , Zhao Jian‐xin , Wei Gangjian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIdentifying the response of corals to anthropogenic ocean warming and acidification remains challenging, but is critical to understanding coral resilience in a changing world. Here, we report composite records of skeletal growth (1847–2014) of nine Porites spp. colonies from the open ocean of the northern South China Sea (SCS), and paired reconstructions of sea surface temperature (SST) and seawater pH (pHsw) by examining skeletal Sr/Ca and δ11B from two of the cores. The reconstructions demonstrate that the open ocean of the northern SCS has experienced significant warming since the 1960s with an overall temperature elevation of ∼0.50°C, and persistent acidification since the 1920s with a decline rate of −0.0102 ± 0.0017 pH units per decade. Under such environmental changes, coral skeletal density represents a long‐term mild decline for the past 168 years, demonstrating significant responses to pHsw and SST variation; whereas coral extension and calcification appear to be less affected, exhibiting overall increases over the studied period. However, persistent declines of both parameters are evident from the 1960s to 2014, which coincide with the sustained low pHsw and elevated SST. Although the general response of coral calcification (mainly dominated by upward growth) to both warming and acidification falls just short of statistical significance over the decadal timescales, the significantly persistent decline in skeletal density and recent downtrends of calcification still underline a pessimistic situation for corals in the northern SCS.
Neutral sphingomyelinase mediates the co-morbidity trias of alcohol abuse, major depression and bone defects
Authors: Kalinichenko Liubov S. , Mühle Christiane , Jia Tianye , Anderheiden Felix , Datz Maria , Eberle Anna-Lisa , Eulenburg Volker , Granzow Jonas , Hofer Martin , Hohenschild Julia , Huber Sabine E. , Kämpf Stefanie , Kogias Georgios , Lacatusu Laura , Lugmair Charlotte , Taku Stephen Mbu , Meixner Doris , Tesch Nina , Praetner Marc , Rhein Cosima , Sauer Christina , Scholz Jessica , Ulrich Franziska , Valenta Florian , Weigand Esther , Werner Markus , Tay Nicole , Mc Veigh Conor J. , Haase Jana , Wang An-Li , Abdel-Hafiz Laila , Huston Joseph P. , Smaga Irena , Frankowska Malgorzata , Filip Malgorzata , Lourdusamy Anbarasu , Kirchner Philipp , Ekici Arif B. , Marx Lena M. , Suresh Neeraja Puliparambil , Frischknecht Renato , Fejtova Anna , Saied Essa M. , Arenz Christoph , Bozec Aline , Wank Isabel , Kreitz Silke , Hess Andreas , Bäuerle Tobias , Ledesma Maria Dolores , Mitroi Daniel N. , Miranda André M. , Oliveira Tiago G. , Gulbins Erich , Lenz Bernd , Schumann Gunter , Kornhuber Johannes , Müller Christian P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMental disorders are highly comorbid and occur together with physical diseases, which are often considered to arise from separate pathogenic pathways. We observed in alcohol-dependent patients increased serum activity of neutral sphingomyelinase. A genetic association analysis in 456,693 volunteers found associations of haplotypes ofSMPD3coding for NSM-2 (NSM) with alcohol consumption, but also with affective state, and bone mineralisation. Functional analysis in mice showed that NSM controls alcohol consumption, affective behaviour, and their interaction by regulating hippocampal volume, cortical connectivity, and monoaminergic responses. Furthermore, NSM controlled bone–brain communication by enhancing osteocalcin signalling, which can independently supress alcohol consumption and reduce depressive behaviour. Altogether, we identified a single gene source for multiple pathways originating in the brain and bone, which interlink disorders of a mental–physical co-morbidity trias of alcohol abuse—depression/anxiety—bone disorder. Targeting NSM and osteocalcin signalling may, thus, provide a new systems approach in the treatment of a mental–physical co-morbidity trias.
The importance of endothelial protection: the emerging role of defibrotide in reversing endothelial injury and its sequelae
Authors: Richardson Paul G. , Palomo Marta , Kernan Nancy A. , Hildebrandt Gerhard C. , Chao Nelson , Carreras Enric 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHepatic veno-occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS), a potentially life-threatening complication of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), results from prolonged sinusoidal endothelial cell activation and profound endothelial cell damage, with sequelae. Defibrotide, the only drug approved in the United States and Europe for treating VOD/SOS post-HCT, has European Commission orphan drug designation for preventing graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), associated with endothelial dysfunction. This endothelial cell protector and stabilizing agent restores thrombo-fibrinolytic balance and preserves endothelial homeostasis through antithrombotic, fibrinolytic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-adhesive activity. Defibrotide also preserves endothelial cell structure by inhibiting heparanase activity. Evidence suggests that downregulating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) is key to defibrotide’s endothelial protective effects; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt (PI3K/AKT) potentially links defibrotide interaction with the endothelial cell membrane and downstream effects. Despite defibrotide’s being most extensively studied in VOD/SOS, emerging preclinical and clinical data support defibrotide for treating or preventing other conditions driven by endothelial cell activation, dysfunction, and/or damage, such as GvHD, transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy, or chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy-associated neurotoxicity, underpinned by cytokine release syndrome and endotheliitis. Further preclinical and clinical studies will explore defibrotide’s potential utility in a broader range of disorders resulting from endothelial cell activation and dysfunction.
Identical twins carry a persistent epigenetic signature of early genome programming
Authors: van Dongen Jenny , Gordon Scott D. , McRae Allan F. , Odintsova Veronika V. , Mbarek Hamdi , Breeze Charles E. , Sugden Karen , Lundgren Sara , Castillo-Fernandez Juan E. , Hannon Eilis , Moffitt Terrie E. , Hagenbeek Fiona A. , van Beijsterveldt Catharina E. M. , Jan Hottenga Jouke , Tsai Pei-Chien ,   BIOS Consortium, van Dongen Jenny , Hottenga Jouke-Jan ,   Genetics of DNA Methylation Consortium, McRae Allan F. , Sugden Karen , Castillo-Fernandez Juan E. , Hannon Eilis , Moffitt Terrie E. , Hottenga Jouke-Jan , de Geus Eco J. C. , Spector Timothy D. , Min Josine L. , Hemani Gibran , Ehli Erik A. , Paul Franziska , Stern Claudio D. , Heijmans Bastiaan T. , Slagboom P. Eline , Daxinger Lucia , van der Maarel Silvère M. , de Geus Eco J. C. , Willemsen Gonneke , Montgomery Grant W. , Reversade Bruno , Ollikainen Miina , Kaprio Jaakko , Spector Tim D. , Bell Jordana T. , Mill Jonathan , Caspi Avshalom , Martin Nicholas G. , Boomsma Dorret I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMonozygotic (MZ) twins and higher-order multiples arise when a zygote splits during pre-implantation stages of development. The mechanisms underpinning this event have remained a mystery. Because MZ twinning rarely runs in families, the leading hypothesis is that it occurs at random. Here, we show that MZ twinning is strongly associated with a stable DNA methylation signature in adult somatic tissues. This signature spans regions near telomeres and centromeres, Polycomb-repressed regions and heterochromatin, genes involved in cell-adhesion, WNT signaling, cell fate, and putative human metastable epialleles. Our study also demonstrates a never-anticipated corollary: because identical twins keep a lifelong molecular signature, we can retrospectively diagnose if a person was conceived as monozygotic twin.
Dynamic memory to alleviate catastrophic forgetting in continual learning with medical imaging
Authors: Perkonigg Matthias , Hofmanninger Johannes , Herold Christian J. , Brink James A. , Pianykh Oleg , Prosch Helmut , Langs Georg 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMedical imaging is a central part of clinical diagnosis and treatment guidance. Machine learning has increasingly gained relevance because it captures features of disease and treatment response that are relevant for therapeutic decision-making. In clinical practice, the continuous progress of image acquisition technology or diagnostic procedures, the diversity of scanners, and evolving imaging protocols hamper the utility of machine learning, as prediction accuracy on new data deteriorates, or models become outdated due to these domain shifts. We propose a continual learning approach to deal with such domain shifts occurring at unknown time points. We adapt models to emerging variations in a continuous data stream while counteracting catastrophic forgetting. A dynamic memory enables rehearsal on a subset of diverse training data to mitigate forgetting while enabling models to expand to new domains. The technique balances memory by detecting pseudo-domains, representing different style clusters within the data stream. Evaluation of two different tasks, cardiac segmentation in magnetic resonance imaging and lung nodule detection in computed tomography, demonstrate a consistent advantage of the method.
Weak impact of microorganisms on Ca, Mg-bearing silicate weathering
Authors: Pokrovsky Oleg S. , Shirokova Liudmila S. , Zabelina Svetlana A. , Jordan Guntram , Bénézeth Pascale 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAssessment of the microbial impact on mineral dissolution is crucial for a predictive understanding of basic (Ca, Mg bearing) silicate weathering and the associated CO2 consumption, bioerosion, and CO2 storage in basaltic rocks. However, there are controversies about the mechanism of microbial effect, which ranges from inhibiting via nil to accelerating. Here we studied diopside interaction with the heterotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas reactants and the soil fungus Chaetomium brasiliense using a combination of mixed-flow and batch reactors and in situ (AFM) and ex situ (SEM) microscopy. The results provide new nano-level insights into the degree to which microorganisms modify silicate dissolution. Taking into account negligible effects of organic ligands on diopside dissolution as reported earlier, we conclude that the microbial effect on Ca-Mg silicates is weak and the acceleration of dissolution of “basic” silicate rocks in the presence of soil biota is solely due to pH decrease in porewaters.