bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qubits on the horizon: decoherence and thermalization near black holes
Authors: Kaplanek Greg , Burgess C. P. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We examine the late-time evolution of a qubit (or Unruh-De Witt detector) that hovers very near to the event horizon of a Schwarzschild black hole, while interacting with a free quantum scalar field. The calculation is carried out perturbatively in the dimensionless qubit/field coupling g, but rather than computing the qubit excitation rate due to field interactions (as is often done), we instead use Open EFT techniques to compute the late-time evolution to all orders in g2t/rs (while neglecting order g4t/rs effects) where rs = 2GM is the Schwarzschild radius. We show that for qubits sufficiently close to the horizon the late-time evolution takes a simple universal form that depends only on the near-horizon geometry, assuming only that the quantum field is prepared in a Hadamard-type state (such as the Hartle-Hawking or Unruh vacua). When the redshifted energy difference, ω∞, between the two qubit states (as measured by a distant observer looking at the detector) satisfies ω∞rs ≪ 1 this universal evolution becomes Markovian and describes an exponential approach to equilibrium with the Hawking radiation, with the off-diagonal and diagonal components of the qubit density matrix relaxing to equilibrium with different characteristic times, both of order rs/g2.
Comparison of the diagnostic performance and impact on management of 18F-FDG PET/CT and whole-body MRI in multiple myeloma
Authors: Westerland Olwen , Amlani Ashik , Kelly-Morland Christian , Fraczek Michal , Bailey Katherine , Gleeson Mary , El-Najjar Inas , Streetly Matthew , Bassett Paul , Cook Gary J. R. , Goh Vicky ,   on behalf of the Myeloma Imaging Research Group at Guy’s & St Thomas’ Hospital, London and King’s College London, Bell Joanna , Dregely Isabel , Green Adrian , Gu Renyang , Haberland Ulrike , Jeljeli Sami , Kazmi Majid , Muhidun Nessa , Natas Sarah , Neji Radhouene , Padormo Francesco , Spence John , Stirling J. James , Subesinghe Manil , Verma Hema , Viney Zaid 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Comparative data on the impact of imaging on management is lacking for multiple myeloma. This study compared the diagnostic performance and impact on management of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI) in treatment-naive myeloma.

Methods
Forty-six patients undergoing 18F-FDG PET/CT and WBMRI were reviewed by a nuclear medicine physician and radiologist, respectively, for the presence of myeloma bone disease. Blinded clinical and imaging data were reviewed by two haematologists in consensus and management recorded following clinical data ± 18F-FDG PET/CT or WBMRI. Bone disease was defined using International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) criteria and a clinical reference standard. Per-patient sensitivity for lesion detection was established. McNemar test compared management based on clinical assessment ± 18F-FDG PET/CT or WBMRI.

Results
Sensitivity for bone lesions was 69.6% (32/46) for 18F-FDG PET/CT (54.3% (25/46) for PET component alone) and 91.3% (42/46) for WBMRI. 27/46 (58.7%) of cases were concordant. In 19/46 patients (41.3%) WBMRI detected more focal bone lesions than 18F-FDG PET/CT. Based on clinical data alone, 32/46 (69.6%) patients would have been treated. Addition of 18F-FDG PET/CT to clinical data increased this to 40/46 (87.0%) patients (p = 0.02); and WBMRI to clinical data to 43/46 (93.5%) patients (p = 0.002). The difference in treatment decisions was not statistically significant between 18F-FDG PET/CT and WBMRI (p = 0.08).

Conclusion
Compared to 18F-FDG PET/CT, WBMRI had a higher per patient sensitivity for bone disease. However, treatment decisions were not statistically different and either modality would be appropriate in initial staging, depending on local availability and expertise.
The Correlation Between Fissureless Technique and Prolonged Air Leak for Patients Undergoing Video‐Assisted Right Upper Lobectomy
Authors: Murakami Kotaro , Maehara Sachio , Shimada Yoshihisa , Makino Yojiro , Hagiwara Masaru , Kakihana Masatoshi , Kajiwara Naohiro , Ohira Tatsuo , Ikeda Norihiko 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to assess the clinical usefulness of the fissureless technique, which avoided dissection of the lung parenchyma over the pulmonary artery, in preventing prolonged air leak after video‐assisted thoracic surgery right upper lobectomy (VATS RUL).MethodsPerioperative outcomes, including the frequency of prolonged air leak after fissureless technique or traditional fissure dissection technique, which dissected the lung parenchyma through the fissure, were compared in patients who underwent VATS RUL (n = 213) between January 2016 and March 2020. We adopted our fissural grade to evaluate the degree of fused fissure ranging from II (light incomplete fissure) to IV (severe incomplete fissure), which covered all fissural grades in 213 patients.ResultsFifty‐four and 159 patients underwent fissureless and traditional techniques, respectively. Significant differences in the incidence of prolonged air leak (p = 0.037), time to air leak cessation (p = 0.047), and duration of chest tube placement (p = 0.017) were observed between fissureless and traditional technique groups. On multivariable analysis, traditional technique (p = 0.005), and greater fissural grade (III vs II, p = 0.020; IV vs II, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with prolonged air leak.ConclusionsFissureless technique during VATS RUL can be a superior alternative to the traditional technique to prevent prolonged air leak in treating incomplete fissures.
Shoulder scaption is dependent on the behavior of the different partitions of the infraspinatus muscle
Authors: Hoshikawa Kyosuke , Yuri Takuma , Giambini Hugo , Kiyoshige Yoshiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate if the three partitions (superior, middle, and inferior partitions) of the infraspinatus muscle previously described in anatomical studies will present different behavior during scapular plane abduction(scaption)as described using shear-wave elastography, especially during initial range of motion.MethodsEight volunteers held their arm against gravity 15° intervals from 30° to 150° in scaption. Shear-wave elastography was implemented at each position to measure shear modulus at rest and during muscle contraction, as a surrogate for muscle stiffness, of each partition. Muscle activity was defined as the difference in stiffness values between the resting positions and those during muscle contraction (ΔE = stiffness at contraction—stiffness at rest).ResultsThe activity value for the middle partition was 25.1 ± 10.8 kPa at 30° and increased up to 105° (52.2 ± 10.8 kPa), with a subsequent decrease at larger angle positions (p < .001). The superior partition showed a flatter and constant behavior with smaller activity values except at higher angles (p < .001). Peak activity values for the superior partition were observed at 135° (23.0 ± 12.0 kPa). Increase activity for inferior partition began at 60° and showed a peak at 135° (p < .001; 32.9 ± 13.8 kPa).ConclusionStiffness measured using shear-wave elastography in each partition of the infraspinatus muscle demonstrated different behavior between these partitions during scaption. The middle partition generated force throughout scaption, while the superior and inferior partitions exerted force at end range.
Toric phakic IOLs in keratoconus—evaluation of preoperative parameters on the outcome of phakic anterior chamber lens implantation in patients with keratoconus
Authors: Fischinger Isaak R. , Wendelstein Jascha , Tetz Kristin , Bolz Matthias , Tetz Manfred R. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the influence of the type of the keratectasia and preoperative keratometry readings on the efficacy of implantation of iris-fixated phakic anterior chamber intraocular lenses (pIOL) in patients with keratoconus.

Methods
In this retrospective study, iris-fixated pIOLs (Artisan/Artiflex (Ophtec®), Verisyse/Veriflex (AMO®)) were implanted in 38 eyes of 22 patients with stable keratoconus. Thirty-six eyes underwent corneal crosslinking (CXL) prior to the lens implantation. The refractive outcome was evaluated 6 weeks postoperatively and the influence of preoperative refraction and topo- and tomographical factors were analyzed.

Results
The mean postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVApost) was 0.25 ± 0.15 logMAR and was not statistically different from the mean preoperative corrected distance visual acuity (CDVApre), which was 0.24 ± 0.13 logMAR. Twenty-seven eyes (71%) reached UDVApost/CDVApre ≥ 1 (efficacy index), whereas patients with PMD-like ectasia (n = 14) showed significantly (p = 0.003) higher efficacy index (100%) than patients diagnosed with keratoconus (n = 24) (54%). Higher eccentricity of the maximum posterior elevation showed a significant beneficial influence on the efficacy index (p = 0.021). Furthermore, a higher Amsler-Krumeich stage and preoperative MAE were correlated with a worse UDVApost. The mean absolute spherical equivalent was significantly decreased from 5.71 ± 4.96 D to 1.25 ± 1.20 D (p < 0.001). No significant difference was found in endothelial cell count.

Conclusion
The results indicate that the implantation of phakic iris-fixated anterior chamber IOLs is a reasonable refractive option for patients with keratoconus. Keratoconus patients with a pellucidal marginal degeneration (PMD)-like appearance ectasia seem to benefit most from such procedures.
Waveguide divider design based on null of electric field
Authors: Zappelli Leonardo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNowadays, the design of dividers is based on electromagnetic software that optimizes some geometric parameters to obtain the required performance. The choice of the geometry of the discontinuities contained in the divider and of the optimization initial point is quite critical to satisfy the divider requirements. In the last years, it is quite rare to find in the literature a theoretical approach helping the designers in the choice of the divider geometry. Helpful suggestion can derive by the analysis of the electric field in a trial divider that satisfies power division among the output ports in a thin band. In fact, the electric field null can be filled with metallic septa that ensure the same behavior at any frequency. The optimization of the septa position/form with numerical electromagnetic software permits to obtain divider with large bandwidth. A further analysis of the electric field null in the divider permits to add lateral metallic septa that further enlarge the transmission band. Finally, the design of an input matching network increases the transmitted power to the desired value.
Expanding the Nude SCID/CID Phenotype Associated with FOXN1 Homozygous, Compound Heterozygous, or Heterozygous Mutations
Authors: Giardino Giuliana , Sharapova Svetlana O. , Ciznar Peter , Dhalla Fatima , Maragliano Luca , Radha Rama Devi Akella , Islamoglu Candan , Ikinciogullari Aydan , Haskologlu Sule , Dogu Figen , Hanna-Wakim Rima , Dbaibo Ghassan , Chou Janet , Cirillo Emilia , Borzacchiello Carla , Kreins Alexandra Y. , Worth Austen , Rota Ioanna A. , Marques José G. , Sayitoglu Muge , Firtina Sinem , Mahdi Moaffaq , Geha Raif , Neven Bénédicte , Sousa Ana E. , Benfenati Fabio , Hollander Georg A. , Davies E. Graham , Pignata Claudio 
Published: January 2021

AbstractHuman nude SCID is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of immunity (IEI) characterized by congenital athymia, alopecia, and nail dystrophy. Few cases have been reported to date. However, the recent introduction of newborn screening for IEIs and high-throughput sequencing has led to the identification of novel and atypical cases. Moreover, immunological alterations have been recently described in patients carrying heterozygous mutations. The aim of this paper is to describe the extended phenotype associated with FOXN1 homozygous, compound heterozygous, or heterozygous mutations. We collected clinical and laboratory information of a cohort of 11 homozygous, 2 compound heterozygous, and 5 heterozygous patients with recurrent severe infections. All, except one heterozygous patient, had signs of CID or SCID. Nail dystrophy and alopecia, that represent the hallmarks of the syndrome, were not always present, while almost 50% of the patients developed Omenn syndrome. One patient with hypomorphic compound heterozygous mutations had a late-onset atypical phenotype. A SCID-like phenotype was observed in 4 heterozygous patients coming from the same family. A spectrum of clinical manifestations may be associated with different mutations. The severity of the clinical phenotype likely depends on the amount of residual activity of the gene product, as previously observed for other SCID-related genes. The severity of the manifestations in this heterozygous family may suggest a mechanism of negative dominance of the specific mutation or the presence of additional mutations in noncoding regions.
A general branch-and-bound framework for continuous global multiobjective optimization
Authors: Eichfelder Gabriele , Kirst Peter , Meng Laura , Stein Oliver 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCurrent generalizations of the central ideas of single-objective branch-and-bound to the multiobjective setting do not seem to follow their train of thought all the way. The present paper complements the various suggestions for generalizations of partial lower bounds and of overall upper bounds by general constructions for overall lower bounds from partial lower bounds, and by the corresponding termination criteria and node selection steps. In particular, our branch-and-bound concept employs a new enclosure of the set of nondominated points by a union of boxes. On this occasion we also suggest a new discarding test based on a linearization technique. We provide a convergence proof for our general branch-and-bound framework and illustrate the results with numerical examples.
Bullying and Victimization Trajectories in the First Years of Secondary Education: Implications for Status and Affection
Authors: de Vries Elsje , Kaufman Tessa M. L. , Veenstra René , Laninga-Wijnen Lydia , Huitsing Gijs 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBullying is known to be associated with social status, but it remains unclear how bullying involvement over time relates to social position (status and affection), especially in the first years at a new school. The aim of this study was to investigate whether (the development of) bullying and victimization was related to the attainment of status (perceived popularity) and affection (friendships, acceptance, rejection) in the first years of secondary education (six waves). Using longitudinal data spanning the first- and second year of secondary education of 824 adolescents (51.5% girls;MageT1 = 12.54,SD = 0.45) in the SNARE-study, joint bullying and victimization trajectories were estimated using parallel Latent Class Growth Analysis (LCGA). The four trajectories (decreasing bully, stable high bully, decreasing victim, uninvolved) were related to adolescents’ social position using multigroup analysis that examined differences in slope and intercepts (T1 and T6) of social positions, and indicated that the relative social position of the different joint trajectories was determined at the start of secondary education and did not change over time, with one exception: adolescents continuing bullying were besides being popular also increasingly rejected over time. Although bullying is functional behavior that serves to optimize adolescents’ social position, anti-bullying interventions may account for the increasing lack of affection that may hinder bullies’ long-term social development.
Challenges of Credit Reference Based on Big Data Technology in China
Authors: Liu Cheng-yong , Hou Chih-Chun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBig data-based credit reference system gradually attracts wide attention due to its ad-vantages in remedying the shortages of traditional credit reference and dealing with new challenges arising from financial credit management. Nevertheless, this new method is also adapted through different studies and experiments to be problematic with island of credit information and information security. Some researchers begin exploring the possibility of applying blockchain technology to the individual credit reference field. The business links in the individual credit reference can be innovated through the blockchain mechanism so that credit data from different industries get collected through peering points, secure communication and anonymous protection on the basis of such techniques as distributed storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism and encryption algorithm. In this way, it is feasible to solve island of information and enhance the protection of user information security. A promising future can be expected about the big data-based credit reference, but there are also many problems with blockchain-based credit reference in China.
Multiple objects tracking in the UAV system based on hierarchical deep high-resolution network
Authors: Huang Wei , Zhou Xiaoshu , Dong Mingchao , Xu Huaiyu 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRobust and high-performance visual multi-object tracking is a big challenge in computer vision, especially in a drone scenario. In this paper, an online Multi-Object Tracking (MOT) approach in the UAV system is proposed to handle small target detections and class imbalance challenges, which integrates the merits of deep high-resolution representation network and data association method in a unified framework. Specifically, while applying tracking-by-detection architecture to our tracking framework, a Hierarchical Deep High-resolution network (HDHNet) is proposed, which encourages the model to handle different types and scales of targets, and extract more effective and comprehensive features during online learning. After that, the extracted features are fed into different prediction networks for interesting targets recognition. Besides, an adjustable fusion loss function is proposed by combining focal loss and GIoU loss to solve the problems of class imbalance and hard samples. During the tracking process, these detection results are applied to an improved DeepSORT MOT algorithm in each frame, which is available to make full use of the target appearance features to match one by one on a practical basis. The experimental results on the VisDrone2019 MOT benchmark show that the proposed UAV MOT system achieves the highest accuracy and the best robustness compared with state-of-the-art methods.
Unpaired medical image colorization using generative adversarial network
Authors: Liang Yihuai , Lee Dongho , Li Yan , Shin Byeong-Seok 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe consider medical image transformation problems where a grayscale image is transformed into a color image. The colorized medical image should have the same features as the input image because extra synthesized features can increase the possibility of diagnostic errors. In this paper, to secure colorized medical images and improve the quality of synthesized images, as well as to leverage unpaired training image data, a colorization network is proposed based on the cycle generative adversarial network (CycleGAN) model, combining a perceptual loss function and a total variation (TV) loss function. Visual comparisons and experimental indicators from the NRMSE, PSNR, and SSIM metrics are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results show that GAN-based style conversion can be applied to colorization of medical images. As well, the introduction of perceptual loss and TV loss can improve the quality of images produced as a result of colorization better than the result generated by only using the CycleGAN model.
The Concept of Feasibility: A Multivocal Account
Authors: Guillery Daniel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA common objection to a proposal or theory in political philosophy is that it is not feasible to realise what it calls for. This is commonly taken to be sufficient to reject a proposal or theory: feasibility, on this common view, operates as a straightforward constraint on moral and political theory, whatever is not feasible is simply ruled out. This paper seeks to understand what we mean when we say that some proposal or outcome is or is not feasible. It will argue that no single binary definition can be given. Rather, there is a whole range of possible specifications of the term ‘feasible’, each of which selects a range of facts of the world to hold fixed. No single one of these possible specifications, though, is obviously privileged as giving the appropriate understanding of ‘feasibility’ tout court. The upshot of my account of feasibility, then, will be that the common view of feasibility as a straightforward constraint cannot be maintained: in order to reject a moral theory, it will not be sufficient simply to say that it is not feasible.
Rossby Waves in Astrophysics
Authors: Zaqarashvili T. V. , Albekioni M. , Ballester J. L. , Bekki Y. , Biancofiore L. , Birch A. C. , Dikpati M. , Gizon L. , Gurgenashvili E. , Heifetz E. , Lanza A. F. , McIntosh S. W. , Ofman L. , Oliver R. , Proxauf B. , Umurhan O. M. , Yellin-Bergovoy R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRossby waves are a pervasive feature of the large-scale motions of the Earth’s atmosphere and oceans. These waves (also known as planetary waves and r-modes) also play an important role in the large-scale dynamics of different astrophysical objects such as the solar atmosphere and interior, astrophysical discs, rapidly rotating stars, planetary and exoplanetary atmospheres. This paper provides a review of theoretical and observational aspects of Rossby waves on different spatial and temporal scales in various astrophysical settings. The physical role played by Rossby-type waves and associated instabilities is discussed in the context of solar and stellar magnetic activity, angular momentum transport in astrophysical discs, planet formation, and other astrophysical processes. Possible directions of future research in theoretical and observational aspects of astrophysical Rossby waves are outlined.
The Social Production of Invited Spaces: Toward an Understanding of the Invitational Character of Spaces for Citizens’ Initiatives
Authors: Visser Vivian , van Popering-Verkerk Jitske , van Buuren Arwin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe rise of citizens’ initiatives is changing the relation between governments and citizens. This paper contributes to the discussion of how governments can productively relate to these self-organizing citizens. The study analyzes the relation between the social production of invited spaces and the invitational character of such spaces, as perceived by governments and citizens. Invited spaces are the (institutional, legal, organizational, political and policy) spaces that are created by governments for citizens to take on initiatives to create public value. We characterize four types of invited spaces and compare four cases in Dutch planning to analyze how these types of invited spaces are perceived as invitational. From the analysis, we draw specific lessons for governments that want to stimulate citizens’ initiatives. We conclude with a general insight for public administration scholars; in addition to formal rules and structures, scholars should pay more attention to interactions, attitudes and meaning making of both government officials and citizens.