bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IFN‐γ+ cell response and IFN‐γ release concordance after in vitro SARS‐CoV‐2 stimulation
Authors: Vallejo Alejandro , Vizcarra Pilar , Quereda Carmen , Moreno Ana , Casado José Luis ,   the CoVEX study group
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare workers (HCWs) are at increased risk since they are directly exposed to SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected patients, and nevertheless, some remain without the development of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies or related symptoms, suggesting less susceptibility to the infection.MethodsThis cross‐sectional, case‐control study aimed to compare SARS‐CoV‐2 T‐cell response by two different technologies, the analysis of IFN‐γ+ CD8+/CD4+ T cells by flow cytometry and the quantification of IFN‐γ release by ELISA‐related assay (without cell discrimination), both after SARS‐CoV‐2 stimulation among uninfected and convalescent HCWs.ResultsA high proportion of uninfected HCWs (53.8%) had pre‐existing IFN‐γ+ CD8 T‐cell response after stimulation with at least one of the structural viral proteins S, M or N, while 35.9% had pre‐existing IFN‐γ+ CD4 T‐cell response. This proportion was nearly or greater than 90% among convalescent HCWs. Interestingly, the magnitude of the response in uninfected was lower compared to that found in convalescent HCWs, using both methods. The concordance, quantifying the specific cellular response in convalescent HCWs, between both methods was 94.1% comparing CD8 T‐cell response and 89.7% comparing CD4 T‐cell response. This concordance was lower but still high in uninfected HCWs (76.5%) comparing CD8 T‐cell response and 71.8% comparing CD4 T‐cell response.ConclusionsThe good concordance between the proportion of individuals with IFN‐γ release after SARS‐COV‐2 stimulation with the proportion of individuals with specific IFN‐γ+ CD8/CD4 T cells found in this study drives IFN‐γ release assays to be a simple and easy way to determine the protective immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2 in a wide population.
Rapid administration of undiluted intravenous levetiracetam
Authors: Haller John Tyler , Bonnin Sophia , Radosevich John 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveOperational delays have the potential to lead to suboptimal time to seizure control during status epilepticus. Levetiracetam (LEV) is an urgent control antiepileptic medication that offers relative lack of adverse effects and ease of monitoring. There are limited data published demonstrating safety and tolerability of undiluted rapid intravenous (IV) push of LEV in doses of 1000 mg or less. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of IV push administration of LEV doses up to 4500 mg.MethodsThis is a retrospective, observational, cohort analysis of adult patients who received at least one dose of undiluted IV push LEV from October 15, 2019 to August 31, 2020 at a large academic medical center in Phoenix, Arizona. Outcomes of interest include safety and tolerability of rapid administration of undiluted LEV.ResultsThere were 953 unique patients included during the study period. LEV was a new medication for witnessed or suspected seizure in 51.9% of patients, and 40.7% of patients had a documented history of epilepsy or seizure disorder. There were 8561 undiluted IV push LEV doses administered, 3674 (42.9%) of which were greater than 1000 mg. LEV was administered most often through a peripheral IV (79.1%). There were 12 patients with documented adverse drug events during the study period, with four potentially directly related to IV push LEV administration. These events were limited to local injection site reactions and included redness, burning, and loss of a peripheral IV line.SignificanceRapid IV administration of undiluted LEV is both safe and tolerable in doses of up to 4500 mg, allowing for rapid drug administration, which is paramount during neurologic emergencies.
Growth resistance and resilience of mixed silver fir and Norway spruce forests in central Europe: Contrasting responses to mild and severe droughts
Authors: Bottero Alessandra , Forrester David I. , Cailleret Maxime , Kohnle Ulrich , Gessler Arthur , Michel Dominic , Bose Arun K. , Bauhus Jürgen , Bugmann Harald , Cuntz Matthias , Gillerot Loïc , Hanewinkel Marc , Lévesque Mathieu , Ryder James , Sainte‐Marie Julien , Schwarz Julia , Yousefpour Rasoul , Zamora‐Pereira Juan Carlos , Rigling Andreas 
Published: June 2021

AbstractExtreme droughts are expected to increase in frequency and severity in many regions of the world, threatening multiple ecosystem services provided by forests. Effective strategies to adapt forests to such droughts require comprehensive information on the effects and importance of the factors influencing forest resistance and resilience. We used a unique combination of inventory and dendrochronological data from a long‐term (>30 years) silvicultural experiment in mixed silver fir and Norway spruce mountain forests along a temperature and precipitation gradient in southwestern Germany. We aimed at examining the mechanisms and forest stand characteristics underpinning the resistance and resilience to past mild and severe droughts. We found that (i) fir benefited from mild droughts and showed higher resistance (i.e., lower growth loss during drought) and resilience (i.e., faster return to pre‐drought growth levels) than spruce to all droughts; (ii) species identity determined mild drought responses while species interactions and management‐related factors strongly influenced the responses to severe droughts; (iii) intraspecific and interspecific interactions had contrasting effects on the two species, with spruce being less resistant to severe droughts when exposed to interaction with fir and beech; (iv) higher values of residual stand basal area following thinning were associated with lower resistance and resilience to severe droughts; and (v) larger trees were resilient to mild drought events but highly vulnerable to severe droughts. Our study provides an analytical approach for examining the effects of different factors on individual tree‐ and stand‐level drought response. The forests investigated here were to a certain extent resilient to mild droughts, and even benefited from such conditions, but were strongly affected by severe droughts. Lastly, negative effects of severe droughts can be reduced through modifying species composition, tree size distribution and stand density in mixed silver fir‐Norway spruce forests.
Thermal optima of gross primary productivity are closely aligned with mean air temperatures across Australian wooded ecosystems
Authors: Bennett Alison C. , Arndt Stefan K. , Bennett Lauren T. , Knauer Jürgen , Beringer Jason , Griebel Anne , Hinko‐Najera Nina , Liddell Michael J. , Metzen Daniel , Pendall Elise , Silberstein Richard P. , Wardlaw Timothy J. , Woodgate William , Haverd Vanessa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGross primary productivity (GPP) of wooded ecosystems (forests and savannas) is central to the global carbon cycle, comprising 67%–75% of total global terrestrial GPP. Climate change may alter this flux by increasing the frequency of temperatures beyond the thermal optimum of GPP (Topt). We examined the relationship between GPP and air temperature (Ta) in 17 wooded ecosystems dominated by a single plant functional type (broadleaf evergreen trees) occurring over a broad climatic gradient encompassing five ecoregions across Australia ranging from tropical in the north to Mediterranean and temperate in the south. We applied a novel boundary‐line analysis to eddy covariance flux observations to (a) derive ecosystem GPP–Ta relationships and Topt (including seasonal analyses for five tropical savannas); (b) quantitatively and qualitatively assess GPP–Ta relationships within and among ecoregions; (c) examine the relationship between Topt and mean daytime air temperature (MDTa) across all ecosystems; and (d) examine how down‐welling short‐wave radiation (Fsd) and vapour pressure deficit (VPD) influence the GPP–Ta relationship. GPP–Ta relationships were convex parabolas with narrow curves in tropical forests, tropical savannas (wet season), and temperate forests, and wider curves in temperate woodlands, Mediterranean woodlands, and tropical savannas (dry season). Ecosystem Topt ranged from 15℃ (temperate forest) to 32℃ (tropical savanna—wet and dry seasons). The shape of GPP–Ta curves was largely determined by daytime Ta range, MDTa, and maximum GPP with the upslope influenced by Fsd and the downslope influenced by VPD. Across all ecosystems, there was a strong positive linear relationship between Topt and MDTa (Adjusted R2: 0.81; Slope: 1.08) with Topt exceeding MDTa by >1℃ at all but two sites. We conclude that ecosystem GPP has adjusted to local MDTa within Australian broadleaf evergreen forests and that GPP is buffered against small Ta increases in the majority of these ecosystems.
Use of the Dementia Assessment Sheet for Community‐based Integrated Care System 21 items among Chinese community‐dwelling older adults
Authors: Chen Yuan , Cui PingYu , Pan YiYang , Li Ying 
Published: June 2021

AimThe objective of this study was to verify the reliability and validity of the Dementia Assessment Sheet for Community‐based Integrated Care System 21 items (DASC‐21) among Chinese community‐dwelling older adults, and to explore the related factors for dementia screening.MethodsThe study adopted a cross‐sectional design, and a total of 1152 participants aged ≥60 years were recruited from 26 locations in China. All data were collected using questionnaires through face‐to‐face interviews. The logistic regression model was used to evaluate the effect factors of DASC‐21 for dementia screening. The receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine the optimal cut‐off points and the accuracy of the DASC‐21 for dementia and mild cognitive impairment screening.ResultsFor test–retest reliability, the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.873 (P < 0.001). In the criterion‐related validity, the DASC‐21 scores were significantly and negatively correlated with the Mini‐Mental State Examination (r = −0.663, P < 0.001) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (r = −0.565, P < 0.001) scores. The results of the receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that there were different optimal cut‐off values for different age groups. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves were 95.6% and 90.3% for dementia and mild cognitive impairment screening using DASC‐21 after considering related effect factors.ConclusionsThe DASC‐21 was confirmed to be a valid and reliable instrument for dementia screening among Chinese community‐dwelling older adults. Our results suggested that the age, education level and 2‐week prevalence were important effect factors for dementia screening using the DASC‐21. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 705–711.
An autoethnography of pregnancy and birth during Covid times: Transcending the illusio of overwork in academia?
Authors: Lupu Ioana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUnder the pressure of always increasing demands of publication, excessive working hours are widespread in academia. Based on an autoethnography of myself as a pregnant woman under Covid, I explore the extent of my being caught by the illusio–“being taken in and by the game” (Bourdieu & Wacquant, 1992), that prompted me to remain absorbed by the publishing game and to overwork until the very last day before giving birth to my son. I also explore how the forced deceleration induced by the maternity leave as well as the Covid confinement contributed to increased awareness and reflection thus helping me to transcend the illusio that prompted me to overwork. I also reflect to the extent of this conversion being reversible given the continued pressures of the academic context.
Writing memory work through artistic intersections. Unplugged
Authors: Mandalaki Emmanouela , Daou Ely 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn the current text, we present archives of our embodied memories from childhood to make sense of how, despite our different backgrounds and life paths, these shape our collective sense‐making processes of who we are and become as well as how we connect and interact with others in the social world. By bringing these together through artistic forms of expression, we discuss the emancipating potential of memory work through art practice to enable a relational sensuous academic language that allows reclaiming an active embodied presence in our feminist journey for social justice. Our account seeks to reinvigorate feminist discussions on memory work also contributing to the burgeoning stream of organizational literature on writing differently.
Theoretical predictions on temperature‐dependent strength for MAX phases
Authors: Deng Yong , Li Weiguo , Zhang Xianhe , Zhang Chao 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMAX phases have great application potential in high‐temperature fields due to their unique combination of ceramic and metallic properties. In this work, a physics‐based theoretical model is developed for the prediction of temperature‐dependent strength of MAX phases, based on the force‐heat equivalence energy principle. The quantitative relationship between the strength, Young's modulus, temperature, and melting point is revealed by the proposed model. Through the comparison between theoretical predictions of strength and available experimental results from the literature, the model is proved to be efficient in predicting the strength of MAX phases at high temperatures. Since the melting point and Young's modulus of material can be easily obtained, the proposed theoretical model provides a convenient and feasible method for predicting the temperature‐dependent strength of MAX phases.
Bi‐atrial or left atrial ablation of atrial fibrillation during concomitant cardiac surgery: A Bayesian network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Guo Qiuzhe , Yan Fangbing , Ouyang Peigang , Xie Zhuxinyue , Wang Haonan , Yang Weimin , Pan Xiangbin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveSurgical ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has become a routine procedure during concomitant cardiac surgery, however, the extension of lesion sets remain controversial. We sought to compare the relative benefit and risk of different lesion sets through a Bayesian network meta‐analysis (NMA).MethodsPubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Trials databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the rhythm outcome of AF patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), left atrial Maze (LAM), bi‐atrial Maze (BAM), or no ablation during concomitant cardiac surgery. An NMA was conducted to explore the difference of over 1 year AF freedom as well as risks for early mortality and permanent pacemaker implantation (PPMI).ResultsA total of 2031 patients of 19 RCTs were included. PVI, LAM, and BAM (OR [95% Cr.I]: 5.02 [2.72, 10.02], 7.97 [4.93, 14.29], 8.29 [4.90, 14.86], p < .05) demonstrated higher freedom of AF compared with no ablation, however, no significant difference of rhythm outcome was found among the three ablation strategies based on the random‐effects model. BAM was associated with an increase in early mortality when compared with no ablation (OR [95% Cr.I]: 4.08 [1.23, 17.30], p < .05), while none of the remaining comparisons reached statistical difference in terms of early mortality and PPMI.ConclusionBi‐atrial ablation is not superior to left atrial ablation strategies in reducing AF recurrence for un‐selected surgical patients. BAM has a higher risk of early mortality than no ablation, but no difference was found between bi‐atrial and left atrial ablation in regard to early mortality and PPMI based on the current evidence.
lncRNA MALAT1 participates in metformin inhibiting the proliferation of breast cancer cell
Authors: Huang Yongye , Zhou Ziyan , Zhang Jin , Hao Zhenzhen , He Yunhao , Wu Zihan , Song Yiquan , Yuan Kexun , Zheng Shanyu , Zhao Qi , Li Tianye , Wang Bing 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn recent years, the repurposing of conventional and chemotherapeutic drugs is recognized as an alternative strategy for health care. The main purpose of this study is to strengthen the application of non‐oncological drug metformin on breast cancer treatment in the perspective of epigenetics. In the present study, metformin was found to inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis and induce cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells at a dose‐dependent manner. In addition, metformin treatment elevated acH3K9 abundance and decreased acH3K18 level. The expression of lncRNA MALAT1, HOTAIR, DICER1‐AS1, LINC01121 and TUG1 was up‐regulated by metformin treatment. In metformin‐treated cells, MALAT1 knock‐down increased the Bax/Bcl2 ratio and enhanced p21 but decreased cyclin B1 expression. The expression of Beclin1, VDAC1, LC3‐II, CHOP and Bip was promoted in the cells received combinatorial treatment of metformin and MALAT1 knock‐down. The reduced phosphorylation of c‐Myc was further decreased in the metformin‐treated cells in combination with MALAT1 knock‐down than metformin treatment alone. Taken together, these results provide a promising repurposed strategy for metformin on cancer treatment by modulating epigenetic modifiers.
Influence of pre‐treatments on the degradation kinetics of chlorophylls in morisa xak (Amaranthus caudatus) leaves after microwave drying
Authors: Nayak Prakash Kumar , Chandrasekar Chandra Mohan , Haque Anbarul , Kesavan Radha Krishnan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDrying is one of the complex processes, comprising parallel heat and mass transfer reactions. It extends the shelf life of perishable agricultural produces (like green leafy vegetables) by decreasing the level of water activity. In the present work, hot water and ultrasound pretreatments were conducted, prior to the dehydration of fresh morisa xak (Amaranthus caudatus) leaves by microwave drying for improving color stability. In order to assess the color degradation kinetics of chlorophyll, the impact of drying techniques on hunter color parameters (L*, a*, b*) and total color difference (TCD) has been evaluated. Thermal degradation of chlorophyll of the green leaves followed the first order kinetics and Arrhenius equation was employed to describe the temperature dependence of the reaction rate constant. From the study, the protective effect of ultra sound pretreatment on the color stability of morisa xak leaves prior to microwave drying can be observed.Practical ApplicationsMorisa xak is popular and an important green leaves consumed by North Eastern Part of India. As it has high moisture content, morisa xak leaves has been prone to deterioration during post‐harvest storage. Microwave drying has been preferred over traditional hot air drying method due to its high drying rates and better drying quality. As chlorophyll is the main coloring pigment in green leaves, its deterioration is very common during drying. In the current investigation, different pre‐treatments (hot water and ultra sound) were applied to morisa xak leaves before microwave drying to improve the chlorophyll content. The results of the study indicated that the application of ultra sound pretreatment before microwave drying could be a promising technique in comparison with hot air drying method for drying of green leaves with minimum degradation in chlorophyll.
The impact of COVID‐19 on the social inclusion of older adults with an intellectual disability during the first wave of the pandemic in Ireland
Authors: McCausland D. , Luus R. , McCallion P. , Murphy E. , McCarron M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundSocial restrictions and service closures from COVID‐19 have negatively impacted social inclusion and well‐being for some people with intellectual disabilities (IDs).MethodsThe fourth wave of a national longitudinal study on ageing in people with ID in Ireland was interrupted during the COVID‐19 outbreak. Social inclusion data for pre‐existing participants interviewed before COVID‐19 (n = 444) were compared with data for pre‐existing participants interviewed during/after lockdown (n = 62).ResultsMore people interviewed after lockdown reported frequent family contact. Significantly greater numbers in the post‐lockdown group reported access to and use of technology than the pre‐lockdown group. Technology use was higher among those living in grouped residences supported by services compared with individuals living independently or with family.ConclusionsDuring the early stages of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Ireland, many older adults with ID stayed connected with family and reported rates of contact higher than were reported by others before COVID‐19. This connection may have been supported by a significant increase in technology use during the pandemic. However, uneven use of technology may disadvantage some including individuals living with family or independently. Given that COVID‐19 restrictions are likely to continue to restrict social opportunities, increased digital support may assist more people with ID to use technology to maintain their social connections.
Universal Health Care for the United States: A Primer for Health Care Providers
Authors: Alspaugh Amy , Lanshaw Nikki , Kriebs Jan , Van Hoover Cheri 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe United States is one of a very few high‐income countries that does not guarantee every person the right to health care. Residents of the United States pay more out‐of‐pocket for increasingly worse outcomes. People of color, those who have lower incomes, and those who live in rural areas have less access to health care and are therefore at even greater risk for poor health. Universal health care, a term for various models of health care systems that provide care for every resident of a given country, will help move the United States toward higher quality, more affordable, and more equitable care. This article defines a reproductive justice and human rights foundation for universal health care, explores how health insurance has worked historically in the United States, identifies the economic reasons for implementing universal health care, and discusses international models that could be used domestically.
The Use of Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors to Treat HIV in Pregnancy
Authors: Nissim Oriel , Lazenby Gweneth B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractFor pregnant women with HIV, antiretroviral therapy (ART) plays a key role in prevention of perinatal transmission. Newer antiretroviral regimens now contain integrase strand transfer inhibitors, which have been found to rapidly suppress HIV viral load in nonpregnant women; however, there are limited data for use in pregnancy. Here, we present the case of a pregnant woman with well‐controlled HIV on a well‐tolerated prepregnancy regimen of bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide. As there are limited safety data on bictegravir in pregnancy, this ART regimen was changed to a preferred regimen for pregnancy. In the second trimester, because of adverse effects from the new ART regimen and after a risk‐benefit discussion, the patient restarted the original regimen. She was able to maintain viral suppression until giving birth.