bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective adsorption of basic dye onto different carbon kinds prepared from date stones based on Taguchi design method, kinetic and thermodynamic
Authors: Wahoud A Y , Bamsaoud Salim F. , Almagdi S , Al-Haiqi M A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Different kinds of carbon (Raw date stone, baked date stone and activated carbon) were prepared and characterized as inexpensive, high surface area, large micropore volume and Effective adsorbents. Material characterization was done using XRD, SEM-EDAX, FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The activated carbon (AC) possesses a surface area of 571 cm2.g−1. The micropore volume and total pore volume of AC were found to be 0.4785 cm3.g−1 and 0.7267 cm3.g−1 respectively. The effect of backing temperature and activation treatment on surface area and micropore volume were studied. Taguchi factorial design method was used to get the maximum MB dye adsorption onto the surface of AC sorbent. Contact time (60 min), initial dye concentration (10 mmol), adsorbent dosage (0.25g) and solution temperature (293°K) were found to be the best conditions for the more effective absorption process.
Estimating The Efficiency Of Phagocytic Neutrophil Cells And Studying Its Risk Factors Among Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Baras M H , Bin-Hameed E A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
There are several factors that affect the efficiency of phagocytic activity in diabetic patients. In this study, a significant difference of phagocytosis efficiency showed in diabetic patients and controls (non-diabetic). The means of phagocytic activity were 43.05%, 52.70% and 71.35% for diabetic foot ulcer, diabetes mellitus patients and controls respectively. Age groups, mean blood glucose levels and controlling fasting blood glucose were significant factors effects on phagocytic activity (P-value = 0.022, 0.013 and 0.045) respectively. There was reverse significant correlation between the mean blood glucose and phagocytic activity (P-value = 0.049; r =-0.314). Wagner grade ulcers classified I and II were the most prevalent 30% for both in diabetic foot ulcer patients. And we found that there is a weak negative correlation between the phagocytic activity efficiency and the grades of the classified ulcers (r =-0.323). In this study, we revealed that the efficiency of phagocytic activity was affected by many factors. Level of blood glucose control was the most important factor.
Some Notes on Fuzzifying Bitopological Spaces
Authors: Binshahnah H M , Allam A A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The present paper, some well-known theorems have been improved, such as a proof of one theorem and the inverse direction of another theorem in the fuzzifying topological space and the fuzzifying bitopological space. We prove one theorem by use less conditions in the fuzzifying topological space and the fuzzifying bitopological space. Also, we prove the equivalent definition of semi open sets in the fuzzifying topological space and the fuzzifying bitopological space. Additionally, the equivalent definition of the closure operator in the fuzzifying topological space and the fuzzifying bitopological space has been also proved. Finally, some supporting examples are provided.
The Existence and Uniqueness of Positive Solutions of an Ordinary Differential Equation with a Nonlocal Conditions
Authors: Bin-taher E O 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Many researchers have studied problems with non-local conditions of the second-order differential equations. In this work we study the ordinary differential equation v″(t) + g(t, v(t)) = 0, t ∈ (0,1), with the nonlocal conditions v’(1) = 0, v(0) = Dαv(t)|t=1,α ∈ (0,1). First, we study the existence of at least one positive continuous solution under some assumptions on the function g. Then we discuss the uniqueness of solution by assume that there exist a constant k > 0 such that |g(t,v)-g(t,ῡ)| ≤ |v-ῡ|, ∀ t ∈ [0,1], ∀v, ῡ C[0,1] for this ordinary differential equation, a clarifying example was given as an application. The main idea in this paper is to study ordinary differential equations with a fractional order condition.
Determination of arsenic and cadmium as toxic metals in human blood samples collected from targeted people of Sana’a governorate
Authors: Al-Salmi H , Al-Douh M H , Al-Hmmadi K , Al-Alas A 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study was amid to assess Arsenic and Cadmium in whole blood in participate with occupational and environmental exposure to toxic metals. Metals were determined by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry ICP-OES after digested by dry ashing in the microwave muffle for 99 samples collected at different stations and occupations in Sana’a, Yemen and applying biomonitoring human model BHM on the evaluation of metallic toxicity among a human population. From the results, it is noted that the range and average concentrations measured in ppb were 0.41-2.43 for Cadmium, 0.59-1.22 for Arsenic. It can be concluded that Cadmium contaminating blood samples. However, the possibility of Arsenic poisoning cases might be encountered in the future unless it would be avoided. The concentrations of Arsenic in some many categories lying within the normal ranges and slightly approaching the hazard limits. Interestingly, the hazard trend of metallic toxicity was increased in the order: Arsenic > Cadmium and that younger and junior workers of unsafe harder occupations.
In Vitro antibacterial activity of Yemeni medicinal plants (Ocimum basilicum and Peganum harmala) against some human pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Bin-Masalam M S , Bakhlh A , Bashab A , Alsaiyli M 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of ethanolic and water extracts ofOcimum basilicumandPeganum harmalacultivated in Yemen against some pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli, Kebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereusandStaphylococcus aureus). The antimicrobial activities and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the plant extracts have been determined using Agar well diffusion method. The activity was expressed as inhibition zone diameter (IZD). A significant difference was noticed in the antibacterial activities and in the values of MIC at a significant level of α = 0.05. The aqueous extract ofO. basilicumcaused the highest IZD (2.2± 0.28 cm) againstE. coliat 20%, whereas for alcoholic extract, the highest IZD (2.90 ± 1.27 cm) was achieved againstK. pneumoniaeat the same concentration. The increasing of aqueous and alcoholic extract concentration reduces the ability of the solvent to extract the active compounds from plants and weakens their inhibitory effect. The MIC values were varied depending on the source of extract, the type of bacteria and the type of solvent. In conclusion, the plant extracts used in this work could be of great value as natural antimicrobials. Further studies are needed to develop new alternative pharmacological possibilities for applications.
Weibull Regression and Stratified Cox Regression in Modelling Exclusive Breastfeeding Duration
Authors: Wulandari Ita , Kurnia Anang , Sadik Kusman 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Survival analysis has three approaches, parametric, non-parametric, and semi-parametric. The parametric model requires the distribution of survival time to be known. Weibull regression is one of the most popular forms of parametric approaches with advantages in flexibility and simplicity of hazard functions and survival functions. Stratified Cox regression is a semi-parametric approach method that is rightly used when the proportional hazard assumption is violated. The comparison between Weibull regression and stratified Cox regression was applied in the case of the duration of exclusive breastfeeding in infants aged 0-6 months in Indonesia. Before the model was formed, the data were tested for the Weibull distribution and the results were met properly. Whereas for testing proportional hazard assumptions the results are not fulfilled so that semi-parametric models can be used. Based on the results of the study, the Weibull regression is better than the stratified Cox regression.
Dynamics of Predator-Prey Model Interaction with Intraspecific Competition
Authors: Ikbal M 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we have formulated and studied a dynamic predator-prey model. We have formulated intraspecific competition of predators. Holling type I and Holling type II response function have been used for the consumption of prey by two predators respectively. We have analyzed the positivity of solutions, existence of equilibria, and stability of the proposed system around these equilibrium points. Condition for local stability was obtained by eigenvalue approach and Routh-Hurwitz Criterion. Finally, some numerical simulation have been presented to investigate the dynamic of the system.
An inventory model for estimation of deterioration with time-dependent demand and storage cost
Authors: Ichwanto J I , Lesmono J D , Limansyah T 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
An inventory consists of items that are stocked temporarily before they are used or sold at a later time. An inventory model is required to enable the retailer to determine the optimal order quantity. The main goal is to determine how many items should be ordered and when to order to minimize the total cost. If retailers order too much, the holding cost will increase because the items that have to be stored increase and the items will deteriorate. If they order too little, then shortages may occur because the inventory could not meet the demand. In this paper, a mathematical model for inventories with deterioration, time-dependent demand, and time-dependent storage cost will be developed. A sensitivity analysis has been performed to examine how the changes in the model parameters affect the optimal solution. It can be concluded that if the deterioration rate decreases and the demand rate increases, then the total cost will also decrease.
On Locating Chromatic Number of Cubic Graph with Tree Cycle, Cn,2n,n, for n=3,4,5
Authors: Ofera Salde , Welyyanti Des , Effendi  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Let G = (V(G), E(G)) be a connected graph and is coloring of graph G. Let Π = {C
1, C
2, …,Ck
}, where Ci
is the partition of the vertex in which is colored i with 1 ≥ i ≥ k. The representation v for Π is called the color code, denoted C
Π(v) is a ordered pair with k-element namely, C
Π(v) = (d(v, C
1), d(v, C
2), …, d(v, Ck
)), where d(v, Ci
)= mind{d(v, x)|xεCi
} for 1 ≥ i ≥ k. If every vertex in G have different color code, the c is locating coloring. The minimum number of colors used in G is called chromatic locating, notated by XL
(G). In this paper, we will determine the locating coloring of graph cubic Cn,2n,n
, for n=3,4,5.
The Influence of Calcination Temperature to Calcium Content in the Mangrove Crab Shells (Scylla serrata) from Merauke
Authors: Haryati Endang , Dahlan Khaeriah , Togibasa Octolia , Dahlan Kiagus 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This study introduced the use of shells of the Merauke Mangrove crabs as a natural source of calcium extracted through thermal decomposition process with various temperatures. The method adopted in this study was carried out in two stages; first, shells of the crabs that have been cleansed and dried under the sun for 24 hours, were mashed and then it divided into two parts. The first section was used for the analysis of calcium composition. While the second part was calcined at three different temperatures, 900°C, 1000°C and 1100°C for 5 hours before analysis. The results of the XRF showed that the raw powder of mangrove crab shell was contained 90.46% of calcium and 9.64% of other mineral content. This study revealed that the temperature of 1000°C is the right calcination condition to produce high calcium minerals in the mangrove crab shell, in which it reached 97.76% purity. The phase form that obtained from the XRD before being calcined was CaCO3 and after the calcination process was Ca(OH)2/CaO hydration. This study also found that the calcined process has succeeded to decrease the carbon content in the shells. Therefore, it can be concluded that the mangrove crab shells from Merauke, possess basic materials as bioceramic.
Stability analysis of Single-Brane with Gauss-Bonnet Term in a Bulk
Authors: Rahman Irsan , Agussalim Agussalim , Suroso Agus , Zen Freddy P. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We study single-brane 4 + n dimensions which is embedded in bulk 5 + n dimensions with scalar field and Gauss Bonnet terms in bulk. The brane field equation is obtained by performing a bulk field projection by using the Gauss-Codazzi equation. The Einstein brane field equation is formed into the standard Einstein field equation in the Theory of general relativity with additional terms Gauss Bonnet and extra terms. Furthermore cosmological application obtained by reviewing brane’s spacetime is homogeneous and isotropic. FRW metric is taken with two scale factors that are internal dimensions and external dimensions which have a relationship $b(t)=a(t)^\gamma$. A dynamic analysis is performed to determine the stability of this model by taking the case of the absence of extra terms. Finally, we get a stable solution for this model occurs when the extra dimension n=2.
Investigation of H2SO4and KOH aqueous electrolytes on the electrochemical performance of activated carbon derived from areca catechu husk
Authors: Taer Erman , Febriyanti Friska , Apriwandi  , Taslim Rika , Agustino  , Sinta Mustika Widya 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAqueous electrolytes have shown great interest in developing high performance and environmentally friendly supercapacitors. This work focuses on systematic investigations of the symmetrical properties of activated carbon electrode for supercapacitors in different aqueous electrolytes. Here, we compare the performance of supercapacitors using 1M KOH and 1M H2SO4different electrolytes based on carbon monolith electrodes derived fromareca catechuhusk waste. Carbon electrodes were synthesized using single-step pyrolysis both carbonization and physical activation without the addition of synthetic adhesive materials. The electrochemical properties were evaluated based on the cyclic voltammetry method at voltage windows of 0-0.5V and 0-1.0V with a scanning rate of 1 mV s−1, 2 mV s−1, 5 mV s−1, and 10 mV s−1. The electrode supercapacitor showed the highest specific capacitance of 150 F g−1and 112 F g−1at a scanning rate of 1 mV s−1for H2SO4and KOH electrolytes respectively. The maximum specific energy was found as high as 20.97 Wh kg−1and the specific power of 75.57 kW kg−1at the voltage window of 0-1.0V were achieved for H2SO4electrolytes. As addition, the physical properties of carbon electrode also characterized such as mass, volume, and density. This work provides consideration the selected of different aqueous electrolytes for high-performance supercapacitors.
Inventory of macrozoobenthos community in Mangrove Ecosystem, Labombo Beach, Palopo, South Sulawesi
Authors: Syakur A , Paembonan S 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Mangrove ecosystem has ecological roles as habitats for many organism and also minimizing the effects of sea water abration in Labombo shoreline. However, marine tourism area in Labombo beach potentially change that ecological roles. So, it is important to monitore the ecosystem quality for maintaning sustainability of ecosyetem. This study aimed to determine the quality of ecosystems using macrozoobenthos community structure as a bioindicator. The sample was taken from three station using transect and cuadrant methods. The samples then stored in 70% alcohol bottle and indentified based on morphological characteristic in laboratory. 14 spesices of macrozoobenthos were identified in study area. The data showed that Shannon Wiener diversity index (H’) was 2,44; Eveness index was 0,91; and Dominance index was 0,10. Based on Shannon Wiener cathegory, the macrozoobenthos diversity in study area was moderate and indicate that the ecosystem was stable.
In Silico Study of Developing a Method for Detecting Pathogenic Bacteria in Refillable Drinking Water Samples
Authors: Achyar A , Atifah Y , Putri D H 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
One of the parameters of quality of drinking water that is suitable for consumption is not contaminated by Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Shigella sp. Beside microbiological tests, water quality testing can be carried out molecularly only in few hours, using PCR (Polymerase Chain Reactions) technique. Although PCR is a basic molecular technique, various detection methods can be developed from it. The key to success in making a PCR-based method is inseparable from bioinformatics studies when designing primers that are specific to pathogen target DNA. The purpose of this research was to design pathogen-specific primers and do in silico study of PCR using bioinformatics software to get better planning in developing detection method. DNA sequence templates of E. coli, Salmonella and Shigella were downloaded from NCBI and multiple-aligned using Geneious Prime bioinformatic software. Primers were designed according to conserved region of these pathogens. The primers specificity was checked using Primer BLAST tools in NCBI. The result of this study was a pair of primers that amplify 825 bp fragment of 16S rRNA sequence specific to E. coli, Salmonella and Shigella.
Optimization of Wood Vinegar from Pyrolysis of Jelutung Wood (Dyera lowii Hook) by Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Oramahi H A , Rusmiyanto E , Kustiati  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The optimization of vinegar produced from ‘jelutung’ wood (Dyera lowii Hook) was investigated. The pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time are primary parameters for wood vinegar yield. Effects of pyrolysis temperature and pyrolysis time on wood vinegar yield were evaluated through experimental and statistical analysis. The objective of this study was to optimize experimental parameters to obtain the maximum wood vinegar yield from pyrolysis of jelutung wood by using response surface methodology (RSM). Important pyrolysis process parameters such as pyrolysis temperature (X1) and pyrolysis times (X2) were optimized. The regression equation obtained for the wood vinegar yield was Y = 30.24 + 2.11 X1 - 0.72 X2 – 2.10 X12 - 1.27 X22 – 0.53 X1.X2. The maximum wood vinegar yield of 30.97 % was obtained at the optimum parameters of pyrolysis temperature of 462.5 °C and pyrolysis temperature of 152 minutes.
Quality Improvement of Sugarcane Top as Animal Feed with Biodelignification by Phanerochaete Chrysosporium Fungi on In-vitro Digestibility of NDF, ADF, Cellulose and Hemicellulose
Authors: Yanti G , Jamarun N , Elihasridas  , Astuti T. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aims of this research were to improve the nutrients digestibility of sugarcane top fiber fractions (ADF, NDF, Cellulose and Hemicellulose) through biodelignification process using Phanerochaete chrysosporium fungi as forage feed. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 4 treatments and 5 rumen fluid sources as a group. The treatments consisted of: A=sugarcane top (without fermentation), B=sugarcane top fermented with 5% Phanerochaete chrysosporium, C=sugarcane top fermented with 10% Phanerochaete chrysosporium, D=sugarcane top fermented with 15% Phanerochaete chrysosporium with fermentation times is 21 days. The results of experiment showed that dose of 10% Phanerochete chrysosporium with a fermentation time of 21 days could improve the digestibility of sugarcane top fiber fractions, as indicated by the higher digestibility of NDF (54.21%), ADF (53.06%), Cellulose (49.10%), and Hemicellulose. (57.73%).
Antagonism of Siderophore Producing Bacteria Against Blood Disease Bacteria
Authors: Advinda L , Anhar  , Irdawati  
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Siderophore is a chemical compound of Fe chelating. This compound is produced by several microorganisms that grow under iron-limiting conditions. Siderophore can facilitate the transfer of Fe from the environment to become available to plants. The siderophore ability to bind Fe as a competitor against other microorganisms, so that in the agricultural system it can be used as a plant disease controller. This study aims to determine the production of siderophore produced by several fluorescent pseudomonad isolates and its antagonistic tests against Blood Disease Bacteria (BDB). Siderohore detection is determined by the absorbance value obtained, and measured using a spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 410 nm. The antagonist test used a completely randomized designwith 7 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment is fluorescent pseudomonads isolates PfLAHP2, PfPb1, PfCas3, PfKd7, PfCas, PfPj1, and PfPj2. PfLAHP2 isolates produced the highest siderophore, which was 1.027, and the lowest isolate PfCas was 0.148. The antagonistic test of fluorescent pseudomonad against BDB showed that PfLAHP2 isolate produced the largest inhibitory zone, which was 1.042 cm.
Analysis of Water Content on Biodiesel Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Biodiesel Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) as Diesel Engine Fuels
Authors: Sugiarto Toto , Purwanto Wawan , Arif Ahmaf , Sudarno Putra Dwi , Yasep Setiawan M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper is based of policy to diversify energy from renewable energy, one of the types of renewable energy is biodiesel. The purpose of this paper is to explain the water content in biodiesel with palm oil added, and the water content in biodiesel with coconut oil added, and compare the water content of the two types of biodiesel. The type of research used is the research and development method, testing the water content of the biodiesel at the Sucofindo Padang Laboratory and the Pertamina Padang Laboratory. The results showed that the water content of biodiesel with palm oil had a lower water content compared to biodiesel with coconut oil. Referring to the provisions of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 7182:2015) that the water content in biodiesel is 0.05% as the maximum limit, while referring to Gaikindo (Association of Indonesian Automotive Industries), the maximum water content in biodiesel is 0.020% to 0.025%, then biodiesel B5, B10, B15, and B20, with palm oil added, and biodiesel B5 and B10 with coconut oil added as fuel can be used for diesel engines.
Design and analysis security architecture virtualization OpenVz
Authors: Wardhana Indrawat , Ariawijaya Musi , Hasnur Riska , Syafitri Rita , Nasuha Akhmad 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
OpenVZ is a capsule-based virtualization technology for OS Linux which allows administrators to deploy multiple Operating Systems with different virtual hardware specifications, called containers, virtual environments, or Virtual Private Servers. In this paper, we propose new security architecture for OpenVZ depends on the type of attacks that commonly happen in servers. This security technic called OpenVzSec. The server is attacked by the client using OS windows and Ubuntu OS which is equipped with an attacker code program based on python language. Type of attacks used in this research: SSH vulnerability, SYN Flood attacks, Attack on the Rootkit vulnerability, and checksum spoofing. Some server attacks on a server and containers able to detected and anticipate by OpenVZSec. The OpenVZSec security model does not decrease performance of the server.