bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporary Retention in Cold Water Reduces Postrelease Behavioral Impairment in Angled Rainbow Trout
Authors: Chhor Auston D. , Reid Jessica L. , Holder Peter E. , Nowell Liane B. , Brownscombe Jacob W. , Danylchuk Andy J. , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The effectiveness of catch and release as a conservation practice assumes minimal impacts to released fish. In most cases, angling-related stressors can be mitigated via changes to angler behavior that reduce fight duration, handling, and air exposure. In some cases, stressors may significantly impact the ability of fish to engage in normal swimming behavior upon release. In these scenarios, it may be beneficial for anglers to assist recovery or retain fish until they are adequately recovered. We investigated the effectiveness of two assisted-recovery devices at facilitating behavioral recovery in angled Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: (1) retention in a flow box, or (2) retention in a water-filled cooler. Additionally, we compared the effects of assisted recovery in surface water (24–27°C) or cool water pumped from the hypolimnion (17–19°C). From July to mid-September 2020, 169 fish were angled from five stocked lakes at Kenauk Nature (Montebello, Quebec). Fish were air exposed for 30 s, for 15 s, or not at all (0 s) and were held in a flow box or a water-filled cooler for 3 min, while fish in a control group were immediately released. Triaxial acceleration and temperature biologgers were temporarily fixed around the trunk of the fish with Velcro to observe postrelease swimming behavior for 10 min. Rainbow Trout that were held in assisted-recovery devices regained equilibrium significantly more quickly than those that were immediately released, and fish that were held in 17–19°C water regained equilibrium the most rapidly. In fish that were air exposed for 30 s, individuals that were held in recovery devices exhibited greater swimming activity compared to those that were immediately released. Our study demonstrates that for Rainbow Trout, assisted-recovery devices can reduce equilibrium impairment, especially when water in the recovery devices is significantly cooler than the relatively warm surface water temperature. Global water temperatures are expected to rise as a result of anthropogenic climate change, and best practices for angling should be adapted to reflect increased thermal stressors for many game fish species. Ensuring that fish are vigorous upon release is imperative for reducing postrelease mortality caused by predation or thermal stress.
Topology optimization of damage‐resistant structures with a predefined load‐bearing capacity
Authors: Barbier Tobias , Shakour Emad , Sigmund Ole , Lombaert Geert , Schevenels Mattias 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis article presents a novel strategy for structural topology optimization considering damage. In engineering practice, structures are typically designed to have a certain load‐bearing capacity, with a minimal material volume or cost. We aim to optimize the topology of a structure to have a minimal weight while guaranteeing a predefined load capacity, considering the softening behavior of quasi‐brittle materials. Two different optimization strategies are presented: a fully nonlinear strategy and a simplified strategy. The fully nonlinear strategy relies on existing nonlinear damage models, which require iterative solution methods, for structural analysis and the computation of the corresponding sensitivities. The simplified strategy uses a simplified damage model, which computes a structure's damage distribution in only one step, greatly reducing computation time. The accuracy of the simplified damage model is controlled by occasional nonlinear simulations—without sensitivity analysis—to calibrate the results. Benchmark tests compare the simplified optimization strategy with the fully nonlinear optimization strategy. While the simplified damage model does not have the same accuracy as nonlinear damage models, results show similar optimized topologies and structural efficiency, with a significant improvement regarding computation time for the simplified optimization strategy.
Searching for recipes to compete in the charitable contributions market: A configurational approach
Authors: Rossi Gina , Leardini Chiara , Landi Stefano , Orsini Luca Piubello 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNonprofits that compete for charitable contributions often question which are the most effective factors that lead to high levels of donations. To date, the research has been dominated by linear models mainly based on the economic model of giving, and has reported mixed and sometimes conflictual findings about the net effect of certain individual organization‐specific factors on donations. In this study, we introduce a configurational approach to explore how the factors considered by the economic model of giving may be combined with each other in multiple configurations with the goal of obtaining high levels of donations. Applying fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis, we focus on a sample of British community foundations and identify four combinations that lead these organizations to collect large amounts of charitable contributions. The results show that, whereas young foundations should rely on high levels of program spending and large amounts of online disclosure combined with, alternatively, efficiency or aggressive fundraising, old foundations should contain administrative costs and strengthen fundraising efforts while, alternatively, spending the most part of their resources on programs or disseminating large amounts of information through their public websites.
Ballistic performance of synergistically toughened Kevlar/epoxy composite targets reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes/graphene nanofillers
Authors: Nitin Mathusoothanaperumal Sukanya , Suresh Kumar Sundaram 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe individual and synergistic effects of multi‐walled carbon nano tubes (MWCNT) and graphene nano‐platelets (GNP) on the ballistic performance (low and high velocity) of functionalized Kevlar reinforced polymer matrix composites have been investigated. Low‐velocity impact tests were carried out on the composite targets (6 layers) using a gas gun setup. Surface hardened conical nose projectiles of 10 mm diameter were used and the inlet velocity was in the range of 122–128 m/s. Similarly, high‐velocity ballistic impact experiments were conducted on the targets (24 layers) using a 9 mm full metal jacketed (FMJ) projectile with an initial velocity of 430 ± 15 m/s. Acid treatment was done to functionalize the Kevlar fiber surface. From the low‐velocity impact experiments, the hybrid targets had better ballistic resistance when compared to the unfilled and individually filled nanocomposites. A reduced projectile exit velocity, improved impact energy absorption (32.5 J), and an improved energy absorption percentage of 27.57 were observed for the hybrid combination. Similar improvements were observed during high‐velocity ballistic experiments which were evident from the fractographic analysis. The macroscopic investigation on the target containing both the nano‐fillers had the least penetration depth of 5.8 mm and a high damage area compared to the other targets. This is due to the addition of f‐MWCNT and f‐GNP which has increased the matrix toughening and functionalization of Kevlar which increased the interfacial bonding. In addition, the crack bridging property of CNTs and encapsulation behavior of graphene due to stacking has synergistically improved the overall toughness of the composites.
Mechanical properties of low‐density heat‐resistant polyimide‐based advanced composite sandwich panels
Authors: Çakir Mustafa , Akin Emre 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study presents low‐density heat‐resistant polyimide (PI)‐based advanced composite sandwich panels (HRACS) consisting of carbon fiber‐reinforced PI matrix thermoset and thermoplastic advanced composite laminates (outer faces) and PI foams (core materials). For the outer faces, thermoplastic composite laminates were prepared from poly (amic acid) ammonium salt precursor resin, and the thermoset was prepared from nadic anhydride (NA)‐terminated poly (amic acid) precursor resin. 3,3,4,4‐Benzophenone tetracarboxylicdianhydride and 4,4‐diamino diphenylsulfone were used as monomers for the polymer backbones. For the thermosetting composite, NA was also used as an end capper and to provide crosslinking of the polymer chains. On the other hand, the HRACSs had two kinds of core materials with low densities. As core materials, isocyanate‐based PI foams were used. Pyromellitic anhydride and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate were used for the PI foams and the amounts of the additives such as the surfactant, water, and triethylamine. As a result of these variations, different compressive properties and densities were obtained. On the other hand, a polymerization of monomeric reactant (PMR)‐type adhesive PI resin was synthesized in this study. The HRACSs were prepared with the curing and crosslinking of this synthesized PMR‐type adhesive PI resin at the interfaces of the outer face and core materials. These HRACSs exhibited outstanding compressive and flexural properties. The flexural force of the HRACSs increased up to 535 N while the composite laminates exhibited values of 197 and 255 N. Additionally, the thermomechanical properties determined with dynamic mechanical analysis, especially those related to the composite faces, were promising.
Meso‐ and microscale response to variation in cloudiness at three forested sites in the Maritime Continent
Authors: Vincent Claire L. , Huang Yi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study examines the relationships between the diurnal precipitation cycle, local morning insolation, and local and large‐scale moisture availability using local radiative flux and precipitation observations from three forested tropical sites, together with ERA5 reanalysis data. Our results suggest that, away from the coast, there is a weak positive correlation between local morning insolation and the magnitude of the afternoon precipitation peak, and a weak negative relationship between locally observed surface moisture in the morning and the magnitude of the afternoon precipitation peak. There is little relationship between large‐scale column moisture and the local afternoon precipitation peak. We examine analogous results in convection‐permitting simulations. Results suggest that the simulated afternoon precipitation rate shows almost no dependence on surface radiative forcing or moisture availability, while the observed afternoon precipitation rate is dominated by radiative forcing. Simulated and observed satellite precipitation and cloud estimates for a single case study suggest a diversity of surface‐flux–precipitation relationships amongst model configurations.
Accelerating AFM Characterization via Deep‐Learning‐Based Image Super‐Resolution
Authors: Kim Young‐Joo , Lim Jaekyung , Kim Do‐Nyun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) is one of the most popular imaging and characterizing methods applicable to a wide range of nanoscale material systems. However, high‐resolution imaging using AFM generally suffers from a low scanning yield due to its method of raster scanning. Here, a systematic method of data acquisition and preparation combined with a deep‐learning‐based image super‐resolution, enabling rapid AFM characterization with accuracy, is proposed. Its application to measuring the geometrical and mechanical properties of structured DNA assemblies reveals that around a tenfold reduction in AFM imaging time can be achieved without significant loss of accuracy. Through a transfer learning strategy, it can be efficiently customized for a specific target sample on demand.
Biomimetic Nanoparticles Enabled by Cascade Cell Membrane Coating for Direct Cross‐Priming of T Cells
Authors: Chen Fangjie , Geng Zhongmin , Wang Lu , Zhou Yan , Liu Jinyao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDespite the activation of T lymphocytes by antigen‐presenting cells being responsible for eliciting antigen‐specific immune responses, their crosstalking suffers from temporospatial limitations and endogenous influencing factors, which restrict the generation of a strong antitumor immunity. Here, cascade cell membrane coating is reported to prepare biomimetic nanoparticles (BNs) that can manipulate the cross‐priming of T cells. BNs are obtained from coating nanoparticulate substrates with cell membranes extracted from dendritic cells (DCs) that are pre‐pulsed with cancer cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles. With a DC membrane that presents an array of cancer cell membrane antigen epitopes, BNs inherit the intrinsic membrane function of DCs, which can directly cross‐prime T cells and provoke robust yet antigen‐specific antitumor responses in multiple mouse models. Combination with clinical anti‐programmed death‐1 antibodies demonstrates a robust way of BNs to achieve desirable tumor regression and survival rate. This work spotlights the impact of nanoparticles on direct cross‐priming of T cells and supports a unique yet modulate platform for boosting an effective adaptive immunity for immunotherapy.
A Fluoride‐Ion‐Conducting Solid Electrolyte with Both High Conductivity and Excellent Electrochemical Stability
Authors: Wang Jinzhu , Hao Jipeng , Duan Chaomin , Wang Xinchao , Wang Kai , Ma Cheng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSolid‐state fluoride‐ion batteries (FIBs) circumvent multiple formidable bottlenecks of lithium‐ion batteries, but their overall performance remains inferior due to the absence of appropriate solid electrolytes. Presently the conductivity of most solid electrolytes for FIBs is too low to enable room‐temperature cycling, while the few sufficiently conductive ones only allow for very low discharge voltages because of the narrow electrochemical stability window (ESW). Here, high room‐temperature conductivity and a decent ESW are simultaneously achieved by designing a solid electrolyte CsPb0.9K0.1F2.9. Its room‐temperature conductivity is 1.23 × 10−3 S cm−1, comparable to the most conductive system reported so far (PbSnF4, 5.44 × 10−4–1.6 × 10−3 S cm−1), but the ESW is several times broader. With these appealing characteristics simultaneously achieved in the solid electrolyte, a cell with much higher voltages than other room‐temperature‐operable solid‐state FIBs in literature is successfully constructed, and stably cycled at 25 °C for 4581 h without considerable capacity fade.
Self‐Assembly of All‐DNA Rods with Controlled Patchiness
Authors: Gvozden Katarina , Novak Ratajczak Sanja , Orellana Alberto G. , Kentzinger Emmanuel , Rücker Ulrich , Dhont Jan K. G. , De Michele Cristiano , Stiakakis Emmanuel 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDouble‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) fragments exhibit noncovalent attractive interactions between their tips. It is still unclear how DNA liquid crystal self‐assembly is affected by such blunt‐end attractions. It is demonstrated that stiff dsDNA fragments with moderate aspect ratio can specifically self‐assemble in concentrated aqueous solutions into different types of smectic mesophases on the basis of selectively screening of blunt‐end DNA stacking interactions. To this end, this type of attractions are engineered at the molecular level by constructing DNA duplexes where the attractions between one or both ends are screened by short hairpin caps. All‐DNA bilayer and monolayer smectic‐A type of phases, as well as a columnar phase, can be stabilized by controlling attractions strength. The results imply that the so far elusive smectic‐A in DNA rod‐like liquid crystals is a thermodynamically stable phase. The existence of the bilayer smectic phase is confirmed by Monte‐Carlo simulations of hard cylinders decorated with one attractive terminal site. This work demonstrates that DNA blunt‐ends behave as well‐defined monovalent attractive patches whose strength and position can be potentially precisely tuned, highlighting unique opportunities concerning the stabilization of nonconventional DNA‐based lyotropic liquid crystal phases assembled by all‐DNA patchy particles with arbitrary geometry and composition.
Efficient Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Simple Non‐Fused Electron Donors with Low Synthetic Complexity
Authors: Gao Yueyue , Cui Minghuan , Qu Shengchun , Zhao Huaping , Shen Zhitao , Tan Furui , Dong Yulian , Qin Chaochao , Wang Zhijie , Zhang Weifeng , Wang Zhangguo , Lei Yong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFused‐ring electron donors boost the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs), but they suffer from high cost and low yield for their large synthetic complexity (SC > 30%). Herein, the authors develop a series of simple non‐fused‐ring electron donors, PF1 and PF2, which alternately consist of furan‐3‐carboxylate and 2,2′‐bithiophene. Note that PF1 and PF2 present very small SC of 9.7% for their inexpensive raw materials, facile synthesis, and high synthetic yield. Compared to their all‐thiophene‐backbone counterpart PT‐E, two new polymers feature larger conjugated plane, resulting in higher hole mobility for them, especially a value up to ≈10−4 cm2 V−1·s for PF2 with longer alkyl side chain. Meanwhile, PF1 and PF2 exhibit larger dielectric constant and deeper electronic energy level versus PT‐E. Benefiting from the better physicochemical properties, the efficiencies of PF1‐ and PF2‐based devices are improved by ≈16.7% and ≈71.3% relative to that PT‐E‐based devices, respectively. Furthermore, the optimized PF2‐based devices with introducing PC71BM as the third component deliver a higher efficiency of 12.40%. The work not only indicates that furan‐3‐carboxylate is a simple yet efficient building block for constructing non‐fused‐ring polymers but also provides a promising electron donor PF2 for the low‐cost production of OSCs.
Lithiophilic Carbon Nanofiber/Graphene Nanosheet Composite Scaffold Prepared by a Scalable and Controllable Biofabrication Method for Ultrastable Dendrite‐Free Lithium‐Metal Anodes
Authors: Hu Zongmin , Su Hai , Zhou Mengfan , Liu Jinzhi , Wan Yizao , Hu Jimin , Xu Yunhua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLi metal is regarded as a promising anode for high‐energy‐density Li batteries, while the limited cycle life and fast capacity decay caused by notorious Li dendrite growth seriously impedes its application. Herein, a robust and highly lithiophilic bacterial cellulose‐derived carbon nanofiber@reduced graphene oxide nanosheet (BC‐CNF@rGO) composite scaffold is fabricated as a host for dendrite‐free Li metal anode through an in situ biofabrication method. The abundant lithiophilic functional groups, conductive 3D network, and excellent mechanical property can effectively regulate uniform Li nucleation and deposition, enable fast reaction kinetics, and alleviate volume change. As a result, the BC‐CNF@rGO skeleton achieves exceptional Li plating/stripping performance with a high average Coulombic efficiency of 98.3% over 800 cycles, and a long cycle life span of 5000 h at 2 mA cm−2@1 mAh cm−2 with a low overpotential of ≈15 mV for lithium plating. Furthermore, full cells coupling BC‐CNF@rGO‐Li anode with LiFePO4 cathode achieves an unprecedented cycling stability with a long cycle life of 3000 cycles at 1 C. This work sheds light on a promising material design and fabrication strategy for realizing high performance Li metal batteries.
Boosting Oxygen Reduction Activity of Manganese Oxide Through Strain Effect Caused By Ion Insertion
Authors: Hao Yixin , Sun Shuo , Du Xihua , Qu Jiangtao , Li Lanlan , Yu Xiaofei , Zhang Xinghua , Yang Xiaojing , Zheng Rongkun , Cairney Julie M. , Lu Zunming 
Published: November 2021

AbstractTransition‐metal oxides with a strain effect have attracted immense interest as cathode materials for fuel cells. However, owing to the introduction of heterostructures, substrates, or a large number of defects during the synthesis of strain‐bearing catalysts, not only is the structure–activity relationship complicated but also their performance is mediocre. In this study, a mode of strain introduction is reported. Transition‐metal ions with different electronegativities are intercalated into the cryptomelane‐type manganese oxide octahedral molecular sieves (OMS‐2) structure with K ions as the template, resulting in the octahedral structural distortion of MnO6 and producing strains of different degrees. Experimental studies reveal that Ni‐OMS‐2 with a high compressive strain (4.12%) exhibits superior oxygen reduction performance with a half‐wave potential (0.825 V vs RHE) greater than those of other reported manganese‐based oxides. This result is related to the increase in the covalence of MnO6 octahedral configuration and shifting down of the eg band center caused by the higher compression strain. This research avoids the introduction of new chemical bonds in the main structure, weakens the effect of eg electron filling number, and emphasizes the pure strain effect. This concept can be extended to other transition‐metal‐oxide catalysts.
Protrudent Iron Single‐Atom Accelerated Interfacial Piezoelectric Polarization for Self‐Powered Water Motion Triggered Fenton‐Like Reaction
Authors: Lan Shenyu , Jing Binghua , Yu Chuan , Yan Dengming , Li Zhi , Ao Zhimin , Zhu Mingshan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWater in motion presented in natural systems contains a rich source of renewable mechanical energy. Harvesting this water energy to trigger the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for water purification is a desirable yet underexplored solution. Herein, the authors report a self‐powered water motion triggered Fenton‐like reaction system for wastewater treatment through the piezo‐activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Isolated protrudent Fe single atomic sites are immobilized on the surface of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheet to improve piezoelectric polarization of MoS2, to accelerate piezoelectric charge separation, and to enhance PMS activation for water purification. ROS (•OH, SO4•−, O2•−, and 1O2) generation for PMS piezo‐activation are observed, and different water contaminants, including antibiotic, industrial chemicals, and dyes are efficiently removed under the natural water fluid. Aimed at solving concurrent issues of environmental pollution and energy crisis, this study provides a pathway for single atomic‐mediated piezo‐activation of Fenton‐like reactions through ambient self‐powered water motion for water purification.
Self‐Propulsion of a Light‐Powered Microscopic Crystalline Flapper in Water
Authors: Obara Kazuma , Kageyama Yoshiyuki , Takeda Sadamu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA key goal in developing molecular microrobots that mimic real‐world animal dynamic behavior is to understand better the self‐continuous progressive motion resulting from collective molecular transformation. This study reports, for the first time, the experimental realization of directional swimming of a microcrystal that exhibits self‐continuous reciprocating motion in a 2D water tank. Although the reciprocal flip motion of the crystals is like that of a fish wagging its tail fin, many of the crystals swam in the opposite direction to which a fish would swim. Here the directionality generation mechanism and physical features of the swimming behavior is explored by constructing a mathematical model for the crystalline flapper. The results show that a tiny crystal with a less‐deformable part in its flip fin exhibits a pull‐type stroke swimming, while a crystal with a fin that uniformly deforms exhibits push‐type kicking motion.