bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Passivation and Remediation of Pb and Cr in Contaminated Soil by Sewage Sludge Biochar Tubule
Authors: Chen Lin , Ni Qi , Wu Yan , Fu Chuan , Ping Wei , Bai Hongyu , Li Mengnan , Huang HongCheng , Liu Hanshuang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Currently, numerous studies have carried out to research the effect of biochars remediation soil heavy metals (HMs) contaminated, but there have been fewer explorations of the effect of biochars tubule on soil HMs remediation. This work aimed was to study the effect of passivation and remediation of lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) contaminated soil after insert sewage sludge biochar (SSB) tubule. The results showed that the high risky fractions of Pb and Cr could be transformed into more stable fractions, also, Pb and Cr total contents are significantly decreased by SSB tubule. The mechanisms including adsorption, ion exchange, complexation and precipitation which are concluded from the characteristic analysis. Detailly, the passivation of Pb and Cr are better when the moisture at 25% and 35%, respectively, [Pb: exchangeable (F1), carbonate bound (F2) decreased by 25.1%, 16.8%, Fe-Mn oxides bound (F3) increased by 18.5%; Cr: F1 decreased by 73.0%, F2, F3, Organic matter bound (F4) increased by 13.2%, 23.9%, 30.8%), respectively]. The remediation of Pb and Cr is better when the moisture at 25% and 35%, respectively, (Pb: decreased by 23.3%; Cr: decreased by 38.4%, respectively). The findings showed that the SSB tubule is effective when used for soil HMs contaminated.
Magnetic Field Sensor Using Asymmetric Giant Magnetoimpedance Effect Created by Micro Magnets
Authors: Izgi Tekin , Pektas M. , Kolat V.S. , Bayri N. , Atalay S. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
A magnetic field sensor was developed using asymmetric giant magnetoimpedance (AGMI) effect. Amorphous ferromagnetic (Fe0.06Co0.94) 72.5Si12.5B15 wires were used in this study. The 2 cm long wire showed about 88 % and the 7 cm long wire showed about 197 % giant magnetoimpedance effect. When two micro magnets were placed 1 cm away from the ends of the wire, a distortion in two peak shapes of the GMI curve was observed and asymmetry was created by micro magnets and 7 cm long wire showed about 148 % AGMI effect. A simple and a new approach was designed to develop a magnetic field sensor, in the design circuit two signal generators were used to arrange linearity and dc offset in the output signal. The circuit output showed good linearity and zero hysteresis at ±250 A/m and ± 50 A/m magnetic field regions for 2cm wires long and 7 cm wires long, respectively.
Polyomic Analyses of Dopaminergic Neurons Isolated From Human Substantia Nigra in Parkinson’s Disease: An Exploratory Study.
Authors: ZACCARIA Affif , Malaspina Paola Antinori , Licker Virginie , Kovari Enikö , Lobrinus Johannes A , Burkhard Pierre R 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background Dopaminergic (DA) neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) selectively and progressively degenerate in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Until now, molecular analyses of DA neurons in PD have been limited to genomic and transcriptomic approaches, whereas, to the best of our knowledge, no proteomic or combined polyomic study examining the protein profile of these neurons, is currently available. Methods In this exploratory study, we used laser microdissection to extract DA neurons from 10 human SNpc samples obtained at autopsy in PD patients and control subjects. Extracted RNA and proteins were identified by RNA sequencing and nano-LC-MS/MS, respectively, and the differential expression between the PD and control group was assessed. Results Qualitative analyses confirmed that the microdissection protocol preserves the integrity of our samples and offers access to specific molecular pathways. This polyomic analysis highlighted differential expression of 52 genes and 33 proteins, including molecules of interest already known to be dysregulated in PD, such as LRP2, PNMT, CXCR4, MAOA and CBLN1 genes, or the Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 protein. On the other hand, despite the same samples were used for both analyses, correlation between RNA and protein expression was low, as exemplified by the CST3 gene encoding for the cystatin C protein. Conclusion This is the first exploratory study analyzing both gene and protein expression of LMD-dissected DA neurons from SNpc in PD. Although correlation between RNA and protein expressions was limited, this polyomic study provides an extensive and integrated overview of molecular changes identified in the PD SNpc and may offer novel insights into specific pathological processes at work in PD degeneration.
Chronic Testosterone Administration During Pregnancy Causes Autistic-like Traits in Rat Offspring: Possible Relationships with Cerebral Oxytocin, Dopamine, Serotonin and IGF-1 Levels.
Authors: Senkal Evrim , Eryigit Umut , Bozkurt Mehmet Fatih , Solmaz Volkan , Erbas Oytun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects boys three times more frequently than girls. Previous studies have suggested that higher fetal testosterone exposure can cause autism-like behaviors in males. The mechanism of effect of fetal testosterone on autism development is not well known. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between prenatal testosterone exposure and ASD in an experimental study with the use of behavioral tests, histopathological examinations and biochemical measurements performed to compare offspring with and without exposure to testosterone.
Female rats were randomly distributed into Group 1 (control, n = 6) and Group 2 (Testosterone undecanoate, n = 6). Female rats were caged with a fertile male (three female/one male) for 2–3 days during the oestrus period.
Group 1 rats were given 1 ml/kg % 0.9 NaCl saline on the 10th day of pregnancy, while Group 2 rats were given 250 mg/kg testosterone undecanoate. The dams were allowed to raise their litters until weaning on postnatal day 21 (P21). On P21 , forty littermates (10 male control, ten female control, ten male Testosterone-exposed, and ten female Testosterone-exposed) were randomly separated and housed. These animals underwent behavioral testing in adulthood on P50. Subsequently, the rats were sacrificed. Biochemical analyses [Brain tissue 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and oxytocin] and histopathological analyses were performed.
Analysis of the behavioral tests (three-chamber social test, open field test) revealed significant differences among the groups, with the testosterone-exposed groups demonstrating autistic traits at a greater degree. Histologically, hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions displayed significant alterations such as gliosis and neuronal cell death in the testosterone-exposed groups compared to controls. Brain levels of tissue 5-HIAA, HVA, IGF-1 increased while oxytocin level decreased in the testosterone-exposed groups.
These results suggest a possible link between chronic prenatal testosterone exposure and neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASD. Testosterone exposure and autism-like traits can be linked to dopamine, serotonin, IGF-1 increase, and oxytocin decrease.
Increased Severity of Complications After Therapeutic ERCP in Geriatric Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis: An Observational Study
Authors: Guo Ji-Yao , Zou Wen-Bin , Zhu Jia-Hui , Ru Nan , Pan Jun , Wang Yuan-Chen , Qian Yang-Yang , Hu Liang-Hao , Liao Zhuan , Li Zhao-Shen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Studies of therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in geriatric patients have mainly examined patients with biliary diseases, rather than chronic pancreatitis (CP). This study aimed to evaluate the safety and success rate of therapeutic ERCP in geriatric patients with CP. Methods: This was an observational study from prospectively collected data. The medical records of patients with CP aged over 65 years (Group A) were collected in a tertiary hospital from January 2013 to December 2018. Sex-matched CP patients under 65 years (Group B) were randomly selected into the control group (matching ratio = 1:2). Collected data included demographic data, endoscopic findings, interventions, success, and complications. The success rate and the complication rate of therapeutic ERCP in two groups were compared with chi-square test. The risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis were investigated by univariate and multivariate analysis.Results: A total of 268 ERCPs were performed in 179 patients of Group A and 612 ERCPs in 358 patients of Group B. The success rate of ERCP in Group A was similar to that of Group B (92.16% vs 92.32%; P=0.936). The overall incidence of post-ERCP complications was 7.09% (19/268) and 5.72% (35/612) in Group A and B, respectively (P=0.436). However, geriatric patients had a significantly increased occurrence of moderate to severe complications (2.61% vs 0.16%; P=0.002). Female gender (OR=3.40; 95% CI, 1.02-11.31; P=0.046), pancreas divisum (OR=7.15; 95% CI, 1.01-50.62; P=0.049), dorsal pancreatogram (OR=7.40; 95% CI, 1.63-33.64; P=0.010), and lithotripsy (OR=0.15; 95% CI, 0.03-0.70; P=0.016) were significantly associated with risk of post-ERCP pancreatitis in geriatric patients.Conclusions: Therapeutic ERCP is safe and feasible in elderly patients with CP. However, occurrence of moderate to severe complications after ERCP increased in geriatric patients.Trial registration: retrospectively registered.
&nbsp;Prevalence of Myopia in 3–14-Year-Old Chinese Children: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Chengdu
Authors: Wang Jianglan , Liu Jinnan , Ma Wei , Zhang Qi , Li Rong , He Xiao , Liu Longqian 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe prevalence of myopia among children in Chengdu is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of myopia in 3- to 14-year-old Chinese children in Chengdu.MethodsThis study was a school-based cross-sectional study in children aged 3–14 years. Visual acuity (VA), spherical equivalent error (SER) with noncycloplegic autorefraction, axial length (AL) and corneal radius (CR) were measured.ResultsA total of 19455 children were recruited for this study. The prevalence of myopia was 38.1%; the prevalence of low myopia was 26.6%, that of moderate myopia was 9.8%, and that of high myopia was 1.7%. The prevalence of myopia and SER increased with age from 6 years old. The prevalence of myopia was higher, and the SER indicated more severe myopia in the girls than in the boys (40.1% vs. 36.2%, χ2 = 30.67, df = 1, P < 0.001; -0.93 D±1.75 D vs. -0.84 D±1.74 D, t=3.613, df=19453, P<0.001). The girls had a higher prevalence of myopia and myopic SER than did the boys aged 9 years and older (P<0.05). Among the myopic children, the rates of uncorrected, undercorrected and fully corrected myopia were 54.8%, 17.8% and 27.4%, respectively. AL and AL/CR increased with age from 6 years old, but CR remained stable after 4 years old. The AL was longer, and the CR was flatter in the boys than in the girls aged 3 to 14 years old (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe prevalence of myopia, AL and AL/CR increased, and the SER became more myopic with age from 6 years old. The girls had a higher prevalence of myopia and myopic SER than did the boys, but the boys had a longer AL, flatter CR and higher AL/CR ratio than did the girls. The rate of uncorrected myopia was very high in the myopic children. More actions need to be taken to decrease the prevalence of myopia, especially uncorrected myopia in children.
Prognostic Nomogram&nbsp;Based on Circular RNA-Associated Competing Endogenous RNA Network For Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Yang , Sun Rongrong , Li Rui , Chen Yonggang , Du He 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Evidence is increasingly indicating that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are closely involved in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, function and application of circRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) are still unknown. In this study, we selected differentially expressed circRNAs (DEcircRNAs), differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) to establish a circRNA-associated competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network and further constructed a prognostic signature for LUAD patients. Based on TargetScan prediction tool and Pearson correlation coefficient, we constructed a circRNA-associated ceRNA network including 11 DEcircRNAs, 8 DEmiRNAs and 49 DEmRNAs. Functional enrichment indicated that the ceRNA network might be involved in regulation of GTPase activity and endothelial cell differentiation. After removing the discrete points, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network containing 12 DEmRNAs was constructed. Based on DEmRNAs within PPI network, we constructed a three-gene prognostic signature for LUAD patients using LASSO method. Patients in the training cohort could be categorized into high-risk or low-risk subgroup with significant survival difference (HR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.12-2.35, log-rank p = 0.009). The prognostic performance was confirmed in an independent cohort (HR: 2.59, 95% CI: 1.32-5.10, log-rank p = 0.004). Combining three-gene signature with clinical risk characters, a nomogram was constructed. The calibration curves for probability of 3- and 5-year overall survival showed significant agreement between nomogram predictions and actual observations. Our findings provided a deeper understanding of the circRNA-associated ceRNA regulatory mechanism in LUAD pathogenesis and constructed a prognostic signature that could be a useful guide for personalized treatment of LUAD patients.
Synthesis of Spinel Nanocrystalline ZnFe2O4: Structural, Optical, Magnetic and Electrical properties.
Authors: Chelladurai Sasirekha , Chandrasekaran Raghavan , Murugasen Sivaraman 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The present paper deals with the synthesis of Zinc Ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanoparticles using simple, low cost co - precipitation method and study the structural, optical, magnetic and electrical properties. The samples have been prepared at two different calcination temperatures of 400˚ C and 600˚ C. The XRD studies indicate that the synthesized ZnFe2O4 samples exhibit cubic spinel structure and that the grain size increases with calcination temperature. The FTIR spectra demonstrate bands associated with metal – oxygen bonds in the tetrahedral and octahedral sites. Moreover, no unwanted impurity such as nitrate has been detected in the synthesized samples revealing their high purity. The micro structural analysis shows that though most particles are irregular granular ones, some are spherical. The optical band gap energy is found to increase with increasing calcination temperature. The Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) studies reveal the super paramagnetic behavior of the synthesized samples, even for a high Fe: Zn ratio of 1:2. The electrical resistivity of the samples decreases with increase in calcination temperature.This phenomenon has been explained on the basis of the Verwey-de Boer mechanism.
A&nbsp;24,482-bp Deletion Increases Seed Weight Through Multiple Pathways in Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.)
Authors: Zhang Xiaohui , Huang Qiyang , Wang Pengfei , Liu Feiyang , Luo Mudan , Li Xiang , Wang Zhuanrong , Wan Lili , Yang Guangsheng , Hong Dengfeng 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Exploration of the genes controlling seed weight is critical to improve crop yield and understand the mechanisms underlying seed formation in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). We previously identified the quantitative trait locus (QTL) qSW.C9, for the thousand-seed weight (TSW) trait, in a double haploid population constructed from F1 hybrids between the parental accessions HZ396 and Y106. Here, we confirmed the phenotypic effects associated with qSW.C9 in BC3F2 populations and fine-mapped the candidate causal locus to a 266-kb interval. Sequence and expression analyses revealed that a 24,482-bp deletion in HZ396 containing six predicted genes most likely underlies qSW.C9. Differential gene expression analysis and cytological observations suggested that qSW.C9 affects both cell proliferation and cell expansion through multiple signaling pathways. After genotyping a rapeseed diversity panel to define their haplotype structure, we suggest that the selection of germplasm carrying two specific markers may be effective in improving seed weight in rapeseed. This study provides a solid foundation for the identification of the causal gene of qSW.C9 and offers an attractive target for breeding higher-yielding rapeseed.
Abnormal Biomechanical Conditions of the Foot in Child with Down Syndrome During Standing: A Finite Element Study
Authors: Li Yaqi , Huang Shangjun , Zhang Beihua , Wong Duo Wai-Chi , Wang Yan , Niu Wenxin , Zhang Ming 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Down syndrome children have a high incidence of pes planus. Pain follows and does harm to their daily life. To well manage their foot pain, it’s necessary to know the mechanism of the pain from the aspect of biomechanics. The purpose of this study was to characterize the abnormal biomechanical conditions of foot in Down syndrome children during standing, comparing to the normal control children by finite element method. Methods: Two participants aged 5 were recruited in this study that are a Down syndrome child with pes planus and a normal control child. Two three-dimension finite element foot models were constructed from CT of the two participants, each of which include bones, ligaments, plantar fascia, cartilages, epiphyseal plates and an encapsulated soft tissue. The plantar pressure during standing and anthropometric data were collected from the same participants for model validation and simulation. Results: The abnormal alignment of the transverse tarsal joint showed in Down syndrome child. The contact pressure in Down syndrome child was higher in tibiotalar joint, compared with the normal control child. The tensile force of spring, plantar calcaneocuboid ligaments in Down syndrome child was approximately 9 folds and 58 folds greater than normal control child, respectively. In Down syndrome child contact force of the talonavicular joint was 0.05 times the body weight and calcaneocuboid joint was near zero, whereas the value in normal control child was 0.11 and 0.01 respectively. Conclusion: The Down syndrome child showed abnormal biomechanical conditions in foot in terms of joints contact pressure, tensile force of ligament around transverse tarsal joint and contact force transmission through transverse tarsal joint. These abnormal biomechanical conditions resulted from pes planus are the potential factors that may cause their foot pain. Conservative interventions should be considered at their early age to eliminate negative effect of these potential factors.
Vacuum Phenomenon as a Predictor of Kyphosis After Implant Removal Following Posterior Pedicle Screw Fixation Without Fusion for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture: a Single-center Retrospective Study
Authors: Hirahata Masahiro , Kitagawa Tomoaki , Yasui Youichi , Oka Hiroyuki , Yamamoto Iwao , Yamada Kazuaki , Fujita Muneyoshi , Kawano Hirotaka , Ishii Keisuke 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Posterior pedicle screw fixation without fusion has been commonly applied for thoracolumbar burst fracture. Implant removal is performed secondarily after bone union. However, the occurrence of secondary kyphosis has recently attracted attention. Secondary kyphosis results in poor clinical outcomes. The purpose of this was to determine predictors of kyphosis after implant removal following posterior pedicle screw fixation without fusion for thoracolumbar burst fracture.Methods: This retrospective study reviewed 60 consecutive patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture who underwent implant removal following posterior pedicle screw fixation without fusion. Inclusion criteria were non-osteoporotic fracture and T11-L4 burst fracture. Old age, sex, initial severe wedge deformity, initial severe kyphosis, and vacuum phenomenon were examined as factors potentially associated with final kyphotic deformity (defined as kyphotic angle greater than 25°) or loss of correction. Logistic regression analysis was performed using propensity score matching.Results: Among the 31 female and 29 male patients (mean age 39 years), final kyphotic deformity was found in 17 cases (28%). Multivariate analysis showed a significant association with the vacuum phenomenon. Loss of correction was found in 35 cases (58%) and showed a significant association with the vacuum phenomenon. There were no significant associations with other factors.Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the vacuum phenomenon before implant removal may be a predictor of secondary kyphosis of greater than 25° after implant removal following posterior pedicle screw fixation without fusion for thoracolumbar burst fracture, but that old age, sex, initial severe kyphosis, and initial severe wedge deformity may not be predictors.
Pretreatment of CFRP by Amino Thermoset Abrasive Air Jet Machining
Authors: Zhao Yangyang , Lu Wenzhuang , Zhu Yansong , Zuo Dunwen 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
An effective pretreatment method of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) aircraft skin was proposed. In this article, the function of the amino thermosetting abrasives entrained by the airflow on the CFRP aircraft skin is introduced and discussed to achieve the purpose of enhancing the coating adhesion and prolonging the service life. An orthogonal experiment with five factors and four levels was designed and carried out, including jet pressure, target distance and impact angle, moving speed and particle size. The best pretreatment process was obtained by analyzing surface morphology, wettability and adhesion. The erosion mechanism of CFRP coating pretreatment with abrasive impact was studied emphatically. The results show that the critical pressure for fiber damage is 0.4 MPa, and the better surface energy is 38.0 mN/m. Semi-ductile erosion has been identified as the main erosion mechanism of amino thermosetting abrasives eroding CFRP. Effective assurance was provided for the improved surface of the aircraft CFRP skin and enhanced coating adhesion in this study.
Assessment of Modern Contraceptive Utilization and Associated Factors Among Women Living With HIV/AIDS In DTRH In Debre Tabor Town, South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Endeshaw Chekol , Ayele Teklie Mengie , Dejenie Tadesse Asmamaw , Muche Zelalem Tilahun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Preventing unintended pregnancy among HIV-positive women constitutes a critical global public health priority for addressing the desperate state of maternal and child health in HIV hyper endemic settings, yet few data exist on contraceptive use among women having ART follow up in Debre Tabor Referral Hospital (DTRH). Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess contraceptive utilization and associated factors among women aged 15-49 years living with HIV/AIDS in DTRH, Ethiopia.Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 02 to February 03, 2020 on women aged 15-49 years living with HIV/AIDS in DTRH. A total of 415 reproductive women living with HIV/AIDS were selected for the study using simple random sampling technique. Data was collected using structured questionnaires through face to face interview by two trained nurses assigned at ART clinic of DTRH during data collection period. The data was presented using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage and the association between dependent and selected independent variables was determined by inferential statistics of chi-square test.Result: The study analysis shows that there is significant association (p<0.05) between educational status (p<0.001), knowledge about modern contraceptive (p<0.001), spouse approval (p<0.001) and receive counseling about modern contraceptive (p<0.001) with their modern contraceptive use.Conclusion: This study in generally showed lower utilization of modern contraceptive in the study area.