bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modification of land requirements (soil and climate) for specific growth of pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in East Luwu Regency
Authors: Rusmin M S , Lopulisa C , Neswati R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Efforts to increase the productivity of the pepper plant in East Luwu Regency as a leading plantation commodity efficiently can be done through the development of the pepper commodity on suitable lands to achieve optimal productivity. The land suitability criteria for modified pepper plants was based on the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Development and Research. This study aims to modify the land suitability criteria for specific locations in East Luwu Regency. The method used in determining the range of land suitability criteria is the deductive method. The location points were determined by purposive sampling technique, namely at locations with high, medium, and low pepper production. The results showed that the range of location climatic characteristics criteria, among others, rainfall (mm) >2.000 were classified as S1 (very suitable), <2,000 and > 3,000 were classified as unsuitable (N). The daily mean temperature of 22.6-32.1°C classified as very suitable (S1), and >34°C classified as unsuitable (N). The characteristics of the landscape and soil include 3-8% slope, good and moderate drainage, medium texture, slightly fine and fine, coarse fragments <5%, soil depth > 100 cm, pH H2O 5.6-<6 and C-organic >1.9% is classified as very suitable (S1), while slope> 30% with very inhibited and fast drainage, coarse texture, coarse fragments> 5%, soil depth <50 cm, pH H2O <5.2 and >8.0, with content c-organic <0.4% is classified as unsuitable (N).
The Effectiveness of filtrate culture with Fusarium spp. fungi and against Meloidogyne spp. nematodes by in-vitro tomato plants
Authors: Ramadhan M N , Amin N , Nasruddin A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Parasitic nematodes are one of the essential plant pests that attack various types of cultivated plants. In Indonesia, 26 species of parasitic nematodes that attack food crops, horticulture and plantations have been identified. One such nematode, Meloidogyne, is the most destructive parasitic nematode. The utilization of other microorganisms as natural enemies of nematodes from the fungal group can be used as biological agents. We conducted this research at the Laboratory of Disease, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Makassar. This study aims to determine the ability of Fusarium spp. Fungal isolate could be added with liquid media (Gliotoxin fermentation media (GFM), Potato dextrose broth (PDB), and water) and the time required to cause juvenile mortality II root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.). The results showed that the application of Fusarium isolate (Fusarium spp.) and the given liquid media was able to cause juvenile mortality of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.). Moreover, the time required by Fusarium spp. Fungi and liquid media to cause nematode mortality was 24 hours, but the highest mortality occurred at 9 (jst) hours after application, namely 7.74% at the BNJ test level of 0.05%.
Antagonistic activity of volatile organic compounds of endophytic bacteria from sword brake fern (Pteris ensiformis) against soil-borne fungal pathogens
Authors: Munif A , Asmoro P P 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The use of endophytic bacteria in the control of plant diseases, especially soil pathogenic fungi such as showed good results. Endophytic bacteria have various mechanisms to control plant pathogen, but the mechanism of endophytic bacteria in producing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has not been widely studied. The objective of this research was to evaluated the antagonistic activity of VOCs produced by endophytic bacteria from the nail sword (Pteris ensiformis) aginst three soil borne pathogen fungus, R. solani, S. rolfsii and Fusarium sp. Endophytic bacterial isolates used were APE15, APE22, APE33, and APE35. The study was conducted by cupping method to determine the inhibition of endophytic bacteria VOCs against three soil borne fungal pathogens. GC-MS analysis was conducted to determine the content of volatile compounds produced by endophytic bacteria. The results showed that four endophytic bacterial isolates can inhibited R. solani growth (92.11%-96.05%), S.rolfsii (87.28%-93.10%), and Fusarium sp. (27.73%-57.55%). The GC-MS analysis showed that there were several antifungal compounds detected i.e. octanal, cytronellyl acetate, silane, 9-octacenamide, n-dimetylpalmitamide, and isobutyryl chloride. Octanal was presumed as the most influential compound that inhibited the three soil borne fungal pathogens because it was a dominant compound was detected.
The synergy of Calotropis gigantea and Cresscentia cujete plant extracts as an inhibitor of egg hatching and antifeedant against Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Aprialty A S , Sjam S , Dewi V S , Agustina Y E 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive pest that has spread in various countries including Indonesia. S. frugiperda has many hosts but a high interest in maize. This study for determining the ability of Calotropis gigantea extract, Cresscentia cujete extract and mixed extracts in inhibiting the ability of S. frugiperda eggs to hatch and inhibiting the eating activity of S. frugiperda. The research has been done at the Pesticides and Natural Materials Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. Observations were carried out by examination various concentrations (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%) extracts of C. gigantea and C. cujete, while mixed extract with a concentration of 7.5% on the ovicidal ability and feeding inhibition of S. frugiperda larvae. The results showed that treatment with a concentration of 10% C. gigantea extract had an ovicidal effect percentage of 74.58% while the antifeedant percentage was 64.40%. Treatment extract of C. cujete with a concentration of 10% had an ovicidal effect percentage of 90.99% while the antifeedant percentage was 70.05%. Treatment with mixed extract with a concentration of 7.5% had an ovicidal effect percentage of 91.7% while the antifeedant percentage was 85.26%. The conclusion is the existence synergy between C. gigantea and C. cujete extracts had showed that the ovicidal effect and antifeedant activity will be even higher to S. frugiperda.
Isolation and antagonism of chitinolytic bacteria from Ipomea pes caprae against Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae
Authors: Bahar A K F , Patandjengi B , Nasruddin A , Membalik V 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chitin is the main component of fungal cell walls. The growth of fungi can be inhibited by chitinolytic bacteria because they can produce chitinase enzymes which play a role in degrading cell walls. The purpose of this study was to test the activity of bacteria isolated from the roots of Ipomea pes caprae in inhibiting the growth of the fungus Lasiodiplodia pseudothebromae. The research method was carried out by isolating as much as 5 g of I. pes caprae roots using specific media and testing for bacterial antagonism using a dual culture method. The results showed that there were four isolate codes obtained namely IPaR1, IPaR4, IPpA2, and IPpA3 and could inhibit the growth of Lasiodiplodia pseudtheobromae.
The presence of refugia and population of insect pest in rice field
Authors: Aminah S N , Nasruddin A , Annisaa N W , Abdullah T , Fatahuddin  
Published: July 2021

AbstractRefugia is a type of plant playing the role as a food source and shelter for natural enemies in extreme environmental conditions. Legumes, food plants and flowering plants are used as refugia. The purpose of the research is to study the dominant pest population in the embankment of rice fields planted with refugia. The research was conducted in Tanasitolo village, South Sulawesi from June to November 2017. The study used a Randomized Block Design of five treatments and repeated it four times. The research was started by planting several different plants as refugia in the embankment of rice fields, namely: P0 = embankment without plant (control); P1 = maize and soybean in embankment; P2 = flowering plants in embankment; P3 = taro and banana in embankment; and P4 = long beans in embankment. The results showed that rice fields used various plants as refugia, the insect population was in the lowest number. The results showed thatValangasp. were not found in P1 when the rice was 56 and 63 days after planting. The number ofNephotettix virescens(0.5 individuals) when the rice was 42 days after planting.Leptocorisa acutahas the lowest population at P1 and P3 in the age 84 days after planting (10.5 individuals). The conclusion of the experiment is the lowest population of grasshopperL. migratoriain rice age 56 and 63 days after planting was showed P1 (maize and soybean). The lowest population of green leafhopperN. virescensin the rice age 42 days after planting showed in the treatment P1 (maize and soybean). In the rice age in the 84 days after planting with treatment P1 (maize and soybean) and P3 (taro and bananas) showed a very low population.
The existence of pests and its natural enemies on various embankment plants in the rice field ecosystem
Authors: Desriani  , Nurariaty A , dewi V S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The stability of the rice field ecosystem is not only determined by the diversity of community structures but also by the characteristics and interactions of the components. This study aims to determine the diversity of insect pests and its natural enemies in the rice. field ecosystem in Marannu village, Mattirobulu district, Pinrang regency, South Sulawesi Province, from July to October 2020. The types of embankment plants were treated, namely cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), corn (Zea mays), long beans (Vigna unguicula) and zinnia flowers (Zinnia elegans). Sampling using an insect net and a pitt-fall trap is then put into a plastic tick and identified. The results showed that there were three parasitoid species from the same order and ten predatory species from six different orders. The dominant parasitoid species was Trichogramma sp., While the largest predator was Lasius niger. In addition, 18 species of pests from six orders were found.
Rapid detection of Burkholderia glumae causal agent of grain rot disease in rice seed from Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi using ELISA
Authors: Darmawan A A , Kuswinanti T , Asman A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Bacterial grain rot in rice plants caused by Burkholderia glumae becomes a serious threat because it is a seed borne pathogen that causes severe damage to rice plantations in several regency at South Sulawesi. This study aimed to rapidly detect of B. glumae causal agent of grain rot disease in rice seed from Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. Samples were obtained in 10 districts in the main rice producing areas of Gowa regency, South Sulawesi. Sampling using Non Probability Sampling method. 10 Samples that showing grain rot symptoms were detected using Indirect ELISA test with monoclonal antibody. The detection results shown that 9 out of 10 districts are confirmed positive for B. glumae bacteria.
Diversity of arthropods on coffee arabica plantation side-grafting robusta variety in South of Sulawesi
Authors: Sulaeha S , Agus N , Fatima S , Reta  , Sjam S. , Melina M 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe world market demand for Arabica coffee is relatively high at this time, South of Sulawesi had the opportunity to return to its glory in the 19th century as the largest exporter of Arabica coffee from the Dutch East Indies outside Java island in Indonesian to several countries. One factor to consider is the presence of production inhibitors, which is the threat potential of pests. So far, there are no precise data on the distribution and intensity of the major pest attack in each area of coffee in South Sulawesi. This makes decision-making for pest management and crop management challenging under different climatic and geographic conditions. Thus, this study aims to identify and analyze the main types of pest that attack coffee plants according to their location, climate and geographic conditions. The exploration of arthropod abundance in the field involves four methods: direct observation, sweep net, light trap, and direct observation techniques. Observations for 5 weeks of observation. The diversity of arthropods was observed in the coffee culture using Sweep Net, Pitt Fall, Light Trap and direct observation traps. The value of the Shannon Index Diversity Index (H’) was 2.9490 or moderate ecosystem. This shows that environmental conditions, productivity, ecosystem conditions, and ecological pressures in the coffee plantation area in Bontotenga Village are still quite balanced. According to their role in nature, the density of populations revealed the composition of pest insects 59%, natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) 38% and pathogenic vectors 3% of individuals found 586 individuals.
Production of the chitinase by Beauveria bassiana in infecting Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Sepe M , Daud I D , Gassa A , Firdaus  
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Beauveria bassiana is one of the microorganisms that produce the enzyme chitinase. Chitinase has a high economic value which is widely used as a biocontrol agent because it can degrade chitin into an environmentally friendly product. The aim of the study was to investigate the production of chitinase by B. bassiana isolate in the presence of the cuticle of T. castaneum. In this study, the isolates of B. bassiana were cultured into potato dextrose agar. Further isolation, purification, and determination of the activity of chitinase. The results show that chitinase can be obtained from B. bassiana isolate derived from T. castaneum by using chitin colloidal substrate. The highest average specific activity of chitinase originating from isolated B. bassiana was 1 Unit/mg. Protein test using standard BSA solution and Lowry method obtained reading results with a spectrophotometer that was r = 0.9925.
Insect pest in rice field with legumes embankment applied by Beauveria bassiana vuill
Authors: Fitri  , Aminah S N , Abdullah T , Widarawati R , Annisa N W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The objectives of research is to determine the diversity of insect pests in rice fields and the effect of B. bassiana spraying around the ecosystem. The collection and observation of pest populations in rice and legumes embankments was held in Mappadaelo village, Tanasitolo District, Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi. Experiments used Mekongga rice varieties in four different fields with a distance between rice fields of around 200 - 300 m. Legumes in the embankment was planted a week after planting rice, the types of legumes: green beans, long beans and cowpeas. The research used Randomized Block Design eight treatment and four replication. Observation of pest insect of rice started from 14 days after planting used ten sample of legume plant in embankment (five samples legumes without B. bassiana spraying and five samples of plants sprayed B. bassiana). The insects were collected on the embankment used D-Vac, then the sample put in a bottle contain alcohol 70%. The interval collected sample used D-Vac was seven days. The results was showed the diversity of insect pests in rice field without spraying B. bassiana was 2.48 with the highest diversity index in treatment P1 of 0.71. The lowest insect diversity index on plants in rice field without B. bassiana spray as P3 treatment of 0.65. The diversity of pest insect in rice fields sprayed with B. bassiana was 2.28. The highest diversity index was found in treatment P7 of 0.75. The lowest insect diversity index in rice fields sprayed with B. bassiana was treatment P6 of 0.45. The conclusion of the study spraying the entomopathogenic fungi B. bassiana affected the diversity index of pest insect attacked rice plant.
Farmers knowledge on pesticide management practices: A case study of shallot growers in Palu, Indonesia
Authors: Jaya K , Ratnawati R , Asman A , Arfan A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pesticide is one of the most common methods of pests and diseases control applied in a developing country. Knowledge of pesticide management is significant for effective application. The purpose of the study is to determine the knowledge of farmers about pesticide management practices on shallot crops in Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study was conducted from October 2017 to February 2018. This quantitative and survey research was used respondents of 30 farmers in two locations: Duyu and Bayaoge in Tatanga District, Palu, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Commonly, the respondents working on the shallot field. The data quantification using the ordinal scale, then univariate analysis for frequency distribution and bivariate analysis to determine the correlation of two variables. The results were showed there no significant effect between farmers’ knowledge about pesticides and the actions of farmers in the use of pesticides. Increasing knowledge about pesticides cannot be expected to change wise actions in using pesticides in pest control.
Analysis of red chilli drying kinetics affected by low-temperature long time blanching
Authors: Lestari N , Samsuar  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The drying kinetics of red chillies in the effect of low-temperature long time blanching were investigated. The blanching process was carried out at 70 °C for 10, 15, and 20 minutes. The drying process lasts for 32 to 35 hours to reduce the moisture content from 82.24% (wb) to 8.84% (wb). The experimental data were fitted to three mathematical models of thin-layer drying, namely the Henderson and Pabis, Lewis, and Page models. The result shows that the Page model is the most suitable model for predicting moisture ratio in chilli drying with low-temperature long time blanching treatment. This suitability is evidenced by the highest R2 value, which ranges from 0.9709 to 0.9786, and also the lowest RMSE and MBE values range from 0.0503 to 0.0579 and 0.0025 to 0.0034, respectively. Meanwhile, the effective moisture diffusivity varies from 5.6300 × 10−9 m2/s to 6.5662 × 10−9 m2/s for the treatments studied.
The analysis of water loses in the secondary channels of Bissua irrigation
Authors: Achmad M , Samsuar S , Maulidya R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This research aims to analyze the correlation between water efficiency, water losses, and channel density in the secondary channels of Bissua irrigation and figure them spatially. Channel was sampled purposively for different dense of a channel in the area based on irrigation channel map. The water inflow and outflow were measured in the selected segmented channels. Discharges, evaporation, and seepage data were used to determine water losses and their efficiencies. Spatial mapping was processed using ArcGIS 10.4 to figure the location of channels with their value of efficiencies and losses. The result shows that losses and efficiency range from 1.2 to 4.7 ×10-4 m3/s/m and 40 to 90%, respectively. The variation of channel density from 0.03 to 0.25 km/km2 found a negative exponential correlation between water efficiency, water losses, and channel density. In addition, water losses also have a positive correlation to the width of channels.
The effect of soaking sago starch in acetate acids on the whiteness degree of sago flour
Authors: Yumeina Diyah , Adil Suci , Samsuar  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sago flour soaking is one way to improve the white of sago that tends to turn brown and reddish because of the phenolase enzyme activity in sago. Some studies suggest that acetic acid can impede the encephalic tanning reaction that occurs in sago. This study aims to identify the characteristics of sago flour obtained from sago starch soaking in acetate solutions and to get the best of the sago flour. The method of this study uses Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, namely variations of submersion time (2 hours, 4 hours, 6 hours) and the acetic acid (CH3COOH) concentration (0%, 0,1%, 0,25%). The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% significance level. Sago flour soaking with acetic acid has a significant effect on the quality of sago flour, such as the degree of whiteness, water content, and acidic level. The longer it takes to submerge and the higher the concentration of acetic acid, the degree of white, water content, and degree of acid sago flour also increases. All the results of this research qualified the quality requirements of sago flour according to the quality standard of sago flour.
Community readiness on managing agroforestry of candlenut and coffee
Authors: Rachman Imran , Umar Syukur , Malik Adam , Aslam Dienul , Pribadi Hendra 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Local communities around the Lore Lindu National Park have practiced agroforestry, including candlenut and coffee, which benefited not only for the livelihood of the communities but also for conservation of the national park area. This study aims to analyze the community readiness by the actors of each agroforestry system as a reference for the development of the two agroforestry systems. Based on the CRM approach, the community of candlenut agroforestry actors had a higher level of readiness (6.2 and 5.1) compared to coffee agroforestry actors have (4,9 and 4,7). The t-test analysis shows the difference between the five CRM dimensions. Those indicate that knowledge is significantly different between the readiness level of both the candlenut and coffee agroforestry communities. The value of the knowledge dimension in the candlenut agroforestry community is greater than the readiness value of the coffee agroforestry community. The knowledge factor is the most critical dimension to get attention in the agroforestry development effort.
Technology intervention to unleash the flavor potential of arabica coffee from Sulawesi highland
Authors: Salengke S. , Hasizah A. , Reta  , Mochtar A. A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Coffee is arguably the most popular drink in the world after water and it is estimated that global coffee consumption exceeds 2 billion cups every day. Today, coffee is not only consumed for pleasure but it is also used as a catalyst for social gatherings and networking. This is due to the fact that coffee can provide pleasurable taste and aroma. In order to optimize these organoleptic properties, technology interventions during postharvest processing are needed to unleash the potential flavor in coffee beans. This study was done to address this issue, especially for improving flavor and aroma potential of arabica coffee beans from Enrekang and Tanah Toraja in the highland of Sulawesi. Technology interventions in the form of fermentation (wet process) and drying were carried out and flavor notes and aroma were assessed through cup test. The results indicated that cup test scores can be improved and different flavor notes can be generated through different processing conditions.
Drilled wells water level data recording system for irrigation of rainfed rice using Arduino and pressure sensor
Authors: Sapsal Muhammad Tahir , Suhardi  , Munir Ahmad , Sasmito Dewi Pratiwi 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The use of groundwater is one of the alternatives used to increase productivity in rainfed rice fields. Various researches and technologies have been developed to suppress the negative effects of overuse of groundwater. One important parameter is the change in the water level around the well during the pumping process, which is observed through the observation well. For that, we need an instrument to measure changes in water level in real-time. This instrument was developed using the HDL 300 submersible liquid level sensor, which utilizes pressure changes from the water level. To connect the sensor with the Arduino Uno microcontroller module using the HW685 Module. The calibration results show that the linearity of the change in the sensor value to the change in the water level reaches 99% following the equation y = 86.297x + 73.522.