bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting Glucocorticoid Metabolism in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Valle Shelley , Sharifi Nima 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, resistance to hormonal therapy is a major obstacle. With antiandrogen therapies that suppress androgen signaling through the androgen receptor (AR), the primary driver of prostate cancer, some malignancies are able take advantage of the closely related glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Escape from AR dependency often involves a simple functional switch from 1 steroid receptor to another. Recent research efforts have outlined the mechanism enabling this switch, which involves alterations in glucocorticoid metabolism that occur with antiandrogen therapy to increase tumor tissue glucocorticoids and enable GR signaling. Targeting this mechanism pharmacologically by blocking hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase shows promise in normalizing glucocorticoid metabolism and restoring responsiveness to antiandrogen therapy. This perspective reviews what we have learned about this resistance mechanism, examines potential implications, and considers how this knowledge might be harnessed for therapeutic benefit.
The β Cell in Diabetes: Integrating Biomarkers With Functional Measures
Authors: Kahn Steven E , Chen Yi-Chun , Esser Nathalie , Taylor Austin J , van Raalte Daniël H , Zraika Sakeneh , Verchere C Bruce 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe pathogenesis of hyperglycemia observed in most forms of diabetes is intimately tied to the islet β cell. Impairments in propeptide processing and secretory function, along with the loss of these vital cells, is demonstrable not only in those in whom the diagnosis is established but typically also in individuals who are at increased risk of developing the disease. Biomarkers are used to inform on the state of a biological process, pathological condition, or response to an intervention and are increasingly being used for predicting, diagnosing, and prognosticating disease. They are also proving to be of use in the different forms of diabetes in both research and clinical settings. This review focuses on the β cell, addressing the potential utility of genetic markers, circulating molecules, immune cell phenotyping, and imaging approaches as biomarkers of cellular function and loss of this critical cell. Further, we consider how these biomarkers complement the more long-established, dynamic, and often complex measurements of β-cell secretory function that themselves could be considered biomarkers.
Investigating Music-Dance Relationships
Authors: Haugen Mari Romarheim 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article studies the rhythm of Norwegian telespringar, a tradition with an intimate relationship between music and dance that features a nonisochronous meter; that is, the durations between adjacent beats are unequal. A motion-capture study of a fiddler and dance couple revealed a long-medium-short duration pattern at the beat level in both the fiddler's and the dancers' periodic movements. The results also revealed a correspondence between how the fiddler and the dancers executed the motion patterns. This correspondence suggests that the performers share a common understanding of the underlying “feel” of the music. The results are discussed in light of recent theoretical perspectives on the multimodality of human perception. It is argued that the special feel of telespringar derives from embodied sensations related to the dance and how music and dance have developed in tandem over time. The study advocates a holistic view of music and dance, the importance of insider experience, and the role of embodied experience in guiding our understanding of the music as such.
Music, Community, and Middleton's Anti-Masque in The Witch
Authors: Loeb Andrew 
Published: June 2021

This essay argues that the music in Middleton’s The Witch (c.1616), largely dismissed as unsophisticated spectacle by critics, is one of the play’s most innovative features. The witches’ songs implicitly critique the patriarchal order that has led to the dysfunctional intrigues of the courtly world from which they are excluded and offer the audience an alternative centred on a joyful, supportive community of women. To do this, Middleton’s play subverts the musical dynamics of Ben Jonson’s Masque of Queens (1609), deconstructing conventional associations between music and social harmony, and inviting the audience to explore alternative social formations.
An evaluation into the effectiveness of surgical safety checklists in veterinary procedures
Authors: Orjefelt Ebba 
Published: June 2021

Background: Extensive research has been conducted evaluating surgical safety checklists in human medicine, but comparative research is lacking within veterinary medicine. Aim To evaluate the possible benefits of applying a surgical safety checklist to veterinary procedures. Methods: The checklist, created by the Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists (AVA), was applied to roughly 50% of patients undergoing surgical procedures in a veterinary practice in Edinburgh, Scotland during an 8-week period in 2020. The remaining 50% was not subjected to a checklist and was therefore used as a control group. Results: With the application of the checklist, the practices participating in the study experienced a 4% decrease in postoperative complications, although this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The frequency of postoperative complications after surgical procedures reduced following the introduction of surgical safety checklists.
The contribution of the histopathological examination to the diagnosis of adverse local tissue reactions in arthroplasty
Authors: Perino Giorgio , De Martino Ivan , Zhang Lingxin , Xia Zhidao , Gallo Jiri , Natu Shonali , Langton David , Huber Monika , Rakow Anastasia , Schoon Janosch , Gomez-Barrena Enrique , Krenn Veit 
Published: June 2021

The histopathological examination of the periprosthetic soft tissue and bone has contributed to the identification and description of the morphological features of adverse local tissue reactions (ALTR)/adverse reactions to metallic debris (ARMD). The need of a uniform vocabulary for all disciplines involved in the diagnosis and management of ALTR/ARMD and of clarification of the parameters used in the semi-quantitative scoring systems for their classification has been considered a pre-requisite for a meaningful interdisciplinary evaluation. This review of key terms used for ALTR/ARMD has resulted in the following outcomes: (a) pseudotumor is a descriptive term for ALTR/ARMD, classifiable in two main types according to its cellular composition defining its clinical course; (b) the substitution of the term metallosis with presence of metallic wear debris, since it cannot be used as a category of implant failure or histological diagnosis; (c) the term aseptic lymphocytic-dominated vasculitis- associated lesion (ALVAL) should be replaced due to the absence of a vasculitis with ALLTR/ALRMD for lymphocytic-predominant and AMLTR/AMRMD for macrophage-predominant reaction. This review of the histopathological classifications of ALTR/ARMD has resulted in the following outcomes: (a) distinction between cell death and tissue necrosis; (b) the association of corrosion metallic debris with adverse local lymphocytic reaction and tissue necrosis; (c) the importance of cell and particle debris for the viscosity and density of the lubricating synovial fluid; (d) a consensus classification of lymphocytic infiltrate in soft tissue and bone marrow; (e) evaluation of the macrophage infiltrate in soft tissues and bone marrow; (f) classification of macrophage induced osteolysis/aseptic loosening as a delayed type of ALTR/ARMD; (g) macrophage motility and migration as possible driving factor for osteolysis; (h) usefulness of the histopathological examination for the natural history of the adverse reactions, radiological correlation, post-marketing surveillance, and implant registries. The review of key terms used for the description and histopathological classification of ALTR/ARMD has resulted in a comprehensive, new standard for all disciplines involved in their diagnosis, clinical management, and long-term clinical follow-up. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:399-419. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210013
Complications of hip preserving surgery
Authors: Hanke Markus S. , Lerch Till D. , Schmaranzer Florian , Meier Malin K. , Steppacher Simon D. , Siebenrock Klaus A. 
Published: June 2021

Preoperative evaluation of the pathomorphology is crucial for surgical planning, including radiographs as the basic modality and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and case-based additional imaging (e.g. 3D-CT, abduction views). Hip arthroscopy (HAS) has undergone tremendous technical advances, an immense increase in use and the indications are getting wider. The most common indications for revision arthroscopy are labral tears and residual femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Treatment of borderline developmental dysplastic hip is currently a subject of controversy. It is paramount to understand the underlining problem of the individual hip and distinguish instability (dysplasia) from FAI, as the appropriate treatment for unstable hips is periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) and for FAI arthroscopic impingement surgery. PAO with a concomitant cam resection is associated with a higher survival rate compared to PAO alone for the treatment of hip dysplasia. Further, the challenge for the surgeon is the balance between over- and undercorrection. Femoral torsion abnormalities should be evaluated and evaluation of femoral rotational osteotomy for these patients should be incorporated to the treatment plan.Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:472-486. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210019
Technologieauswahl im DigitalPakt: Wie werden Entscheidungen im Bildungssektor getroffen?
Authors: Petry Lukas , Lins Sebastian , Thiebes Scott , Sunyaev Ali 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDer DigitalPakt Schule soll das deutsche Bildungswesen flächendeckend modernisieren, zeigt jedoch bisher Anlaufschwierigkeiten. Die bereitgestellten Fördermittel werden zögerlich abgerufen und die Kritiker:innen des Programms werden immer lauter. Diese Arbeit setzt genau an diesem Punkt an und diskutiert Ursachen und Einflüsse, die dazu beitragen, dass verfügbare Technologien bisher von Schulen nicht oder nur unzureichend angenommen werden. Diese Diskussion ist insbesondere wichtig, da das Schulsystem des Landes zurzeit durch die pandemie-bedingte Krise im Fokus steht. Dafür wurden semi-strukturierte Expert:inneninterviews mit Schulvertreter:innen durchgeführt und mit Hilfe von wissenschaftlichen Kodierungsmethoden analysiert. Die Ergebnisse geben einen Einblick in den Technologieauswahlprozess, um herauszufinden, wie Auswahlentscheidungen im Bildungssektor getroffen werden, und zu verstehen, warum der öffentliche Bereich eine Sonderstellung einnimmt und nicht so funktioniert, wie ein wirtschaftsdenkendes Unternehmen.
Determining seropositivity—A review of approaches to define population seroprevalence when using multiplex bead assays to assess burden of tropical diseases
Authors: Chan YuYen , Fornace Kimberly , Wu Lindsey , Arnold Benjamin F. , Priest Jeffrey W. , Martin Diana L. , Chang Michelle A. , Cook Jackie , Stresman Gillian , Drakeley Chris 
Published: June 2021

Background
Serological surveys with multiplex bead assays can be used to assess seroprevalence to multiple pathogens simultaneously. However, multiple methods have been used to generate cut-off values for seropositivity and these may lead to inconsistent interpretation of results. A literature review was conducted to describe the methods used to determine cut-off values for data generated by multiplex bead assays.

Methodology/Principal findings
A search was conducted in PubMed that included articles published from January 2010 to January 2020, and 308 relevant articles were identified that included the terms “serology”, “cut-offs”, and “multiplex bead assays”. After application of exclusion of articles not relevant to neglected tropical diseases (NTD), vaccine preventable diseases (VPD), or malaria, 55 articles were examined based on their relevance to NTD or VPD. The most frequently applied approaches to determine seropositivity included the use of presumed unexposed populations, mixture models, receiver operating curves (ROC), and international standards. Other methods included the use of quantiles, pre-exposed endemic cohorts, and visual inflection points.

Conclusions/Significance
For disease control programmes, seropositivity is a practical and easily interpretable health metric but determining appropriate cut-offs for positivity can be challenging. Considerations for optimal cut-off approaches should include factors such as methods recommended by previous research, transmission dynamics, and the immunological backgrounds of the population. In the absence of international standards for estimating seropositivity in a population, the use of consistent methods that align with individual disease epidemiological data will improve comparability between settings and enable the assessment of changes over time.
Anti-chikungunya virus seroprevalence in Indigenous groups in the São Francisco Valley, Brazil
Authors: Nicacio Jandir Mendonça , Khouri Ricardo , da Silva Antônio Marconi Leandro , Barral-Netto Manoel , Lima João Augusto Costa , Ladeia Ana Marice Teixeira , do Carmo Rodrigo Feliciano , Armstrong Anderson da Costa 
Published: June 2021

Background
Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is a serious public health problem with a high rate of infection and chronic disabling manifestations that has affected more than 2 million people worldwide since 2005. In spite of this, epidemiological data on vulnerable groups such as Indigenous people are scarce, making it difficult to implement public policies in order to prevent this disease and assist these populations.

Objective
To describe the serological and epidemiological profile of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in two Indigenous populations in Northeast Brazil, as well as in an urbanized control community, and to explore associations between CHIKV and anthropometric variables in these populations.

Methodology/Principal findings
This is a cross-sectional ancillary study of the Project of Atherosclerosis among Indigenous Populations (PAI) that included people 30 to 70 years old, recruited from two Indigenous tribes (the less urbanized Fulni-ô and the more urbanized Truká people) and an urbanized non-Indigenous control group from the same area. Subjects underwent clinical evaluation and were tested for anti-CHIKV IgG by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serological profile was described according to ethnicity, sex, and age. The study population included 433 individuals distributed as follows: 109 (25·2%) Truká, 272 (62·8%) Fulni-ô, and 52 (12%) from the non-Indigenous urbanized control group. Overall prevalence of CHIKV IgG in the study sample was 49.9% (216; 95% CI: 45·1–54·7). When the sample was stratified, positive CHIKV IgG was distributed as follows: no individuals in the Truká group, 78·3% (213/272; 95% CI: 72·9–83·1) in the Fulni-ô group, and 5.8% (3/52; 95% CI: 1.21–16) in the control group.

Conclusions/Significance
Positive tests for CHIKV showed a very high prevalence in a traditional Indigenous population, in contrast to the absence of anti-CHIKV serology in the Truká people, who are more urbanized with respect to physical landscape, socio-cultural, and historical aspects, as well as a low prevalence in the non-Indigenous control group, although all groups are located in the same area.
Precision and accuracy of FEV1 measurements from the Vitalograph copd-6 mini-spirometer in a healthy Ugandan population
Authors: Hansen Wajd Abbas Hassan , Schlünssen Vivi , Jørs Erik , Sekabojja Daniel , Ssempebwa John C. , Mubeezi Ruth , Staudacher Philipp , Fuhrimann Samuel , Hansen Martin Rune Hassan 
Published: June 2021

Objective
Evaluate the accuracy and precision of the copd-6 mini-spirometer for FEV1 in a rural Ugandan population.

Methods
In a cross-sectional study, 171 smallholder farmers performed spirometry with copd-6, and a diagnostic-quality spirometer.

Results and discussion
The copd-6 underestimated FEV1 at low flows and overestimated FEV1 at high flows. Across all participants, the device slightly overestimated FEV1 by 0.04 [0.02; 0.06] L. Calibration data showed similar patterns.

Conclusion
The copd-6 could be considered as an affordable tool for research on lung function impairment in resource-constrained settings. However, further validation in a study population with obstructive lung disease is needed.
Injazat al-Iraq al-diplomasiyah athna’ al-ahad al-malaki 1921–58 (Iraq’s Diplomatic Achievements During the Royal Regine: 1921–58), Mamoon Amin Zaki (2020)
Authors: Ismael Tareq Y. 
Published: June 2021

Review of: Injazat al-Iraq al-diplomasiyah athna’ al-ahad al-malaki 1921–58 (Iraq’s Diplomatic Achievements During the Royal Regine: 1921–58), Mamoon Amin Zaki (2020)
London: Dar al-Hikmah, 313 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78481-161-7, p/bk, USD 17.00
Water-soluble polymeric particle embedded cryogels: Synthesis, characterisation and adsorption of haemoglobin
Authors: Erol Kadir , Bülter Melda Bolat , Köse Dursun Ali , Can Hatice Kaplan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Making cryogels, which are among today’s accepted adsorbents, more functional with different methods, has been one of the subjects spent overtime. In this study, water-soluble poly(maleic anhydride-alt-acrylic acid) polymer embedded in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) cryogels. Copper ions were then immobilised to this structure, and this polymer was used for adsorption of haemoglobin from aqueous systems. Adsorption interaction was carried out on an electrostatic basis, and approximately 448.62 mg haemoglobin/g polymer adsorption capacity value was obtained. It was found that the same material has managed to maintain its adsorption ability by 90.3% even after the use of it five times in the adsorption/desorption cycle. The adsorption interaction was determined to be appropriate for the Langmuir model by isotherm studies. The change in Gibbs free energy value was calculated as −2.168 kJ/mol.
Cospectral constructions for several graph matrices using cousin vertices
Authors: Lorenzen Kate 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Graphs can be associated with a matrix according to some rule and we can find the spectrum of a graph with respect to that matrix. Two graphs are cospectral if they have the same spectrum. Constructions of cospectral graphs help us establish patterns about structural information not preserved by the spectrum. We generalize a construction for cospectral graphs previously given for the distance Laplacian matrix to a larger family of graphs. In addition, we show that with appropriate assumptions this generalized construction extends to the adjacency matrix, combinatorial Laplacian matrix, signless Laplacian matrix, normalized Laplacian matrix, and distance matrix. We conclude by enumerating the prevelance of this construction in small graphs for the adjacency matrix, combinatorial Laplacian matrix, and distance Laplacian matrix.
The transformative impact of extracellular vesicles on developing sperm
Authors: Rimmer Michael P , Gregory Christopher D , Mitchell Rod T 
Published: June 2021

Objective
To review the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from the male reproductive tract and their impact on developing sperm. We discuss how sperm exiting the seminiferous tubules, although developmentally mature, require further modification. Acquisition of various functions including increased motility, transfer of cargoes and ability to undertake the acrosome reaction is mediated through the interaction between sperm and EVs.

Methods
A review of the literature identified that EVs are released from different portions of the male reproductive tract, notably the epididymis and prostate. These EVs interact with sperm as they pass from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis and vas deferens prior to ejaculation.

Results
EVs are small lipid-bound particles carrying bespoke RNA, protein and lipid cargoes. These cargoes are loaded based on the state of the parent cell and are used to communicate with recipient cells. In sperm, these cargoes are essential for post-testicular modification.

Conclusions
Interactions between developing sperm and EVs are important for the subsequent function of sperm. Prior to ejaculation, these interactions confer important changes for the post-testicular modification and development of sperm. Little is known about the interaction between EVs from the testes and the spermatogonial stem cell niche or developing sperm within the seminiferous tubules. However, the numerous roles of EVs in the post-testicular modification of sperm have led many to suspect that they may also play important roles in developing sperm within the testes.

Lay summary
Sperm are crucial for successful fertility. In order to do this, they must be able to swim a large distance to meet the egg in the female reproductive tract and fertilise it. Once released from the testes, sperm may appear to be fully developed, but this is not the case. Several important modifications are required in order for them to swim and fertilise an egg. These modifications are carried out by sending sperm small packages from other cells which contain messages and cargo. We discuss the release of these small packages along with different parts of the male reproductive tract and how they change the way sperm behave and function. This article reviews the literature and known functions of these packages called extracellular vesicles, which are released by the male reproductive tract and modify sperm, transforming their function, before they are ejaculated.
Conmemorar la Ashura en la diáspora. Limitaciones y posibilidades en el uso del espacio público en Barcelona y París
Authors: Albert Blanco Víctor , Martínez Cuadros Rosa 
Published: June 2021

La Ashura constituye una de las conmemoraciones más importantes del calendario musulmán chií. Siendo un día en el que se recuerda el sufrimiento del imán Hussein asesinado en 680 DC, la conmemoración incluye una procesión en la vía pública. Desde hace algunos años, no sólo tiene lugar en países como Irán o Pakistán, sino también en grandes ciudades europeas. Este artículo compara la conmemoración de la Ashura en Barcelona y París con el objetivo de analizar las diferentes lógicas que determinan su dimensión transnacional, así como el uso que las comunidades de la diáspora chií pueden hacer del espacio público.
relaciones México-Golfo Pérsico: el fortalecimiento de lazos (2012-2018)
Authors: Galindo Alejandra 
Published: June 2021

En los últimos dos sexenios del gobierno mexicano, a partir del 2000, México estableció vinculaciones con los países del Medio Oriente, de manera fragmentada. Sin embargo, durante la presidencia de Peña Nieto (2012-2018), el gobierno mexicano fortaleció lo lazos con los países árabes del Golfo Pérsico. El objetivo de este artículo es indagar cómo el gobierno ha usado la diplomacia económica para atraer el interés de los países de la zona, a raíz de la aprobación de las reformas estructurales en México. El analizar cómo fueron los acercamientos, los acuerdos y sus efectos en las relaciones comerciales, nos permitirá evaluar esta nueva fase en las relaciones de México con los países de esa región