bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fire and functional traits: Using functional groups of birds and plants to guide management in a fire‐prone, heathy woodland ecosystem
Authors: Rainsford Frederick W. , Kelly Luke T. , Leonard Steve W. J. , Bennett Andrew F. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimMany dry forests and woodlands worldwide are fire‐prone and support bird and plant communities shaped by fire. Changes in fire regimes, including the time between fires, have important implications for population trajectories. We studied the responses of bird and plant communities of heathy woodlands to time since the last fire, a key measure underpinning fire management, to evaluate whether current management strategies will enhance conservation of multiple taxa.LocationOtway Ranges, south‐eastern Australia.MethodsWe surveyed birds and plants at 38 sites, stratified by an 80‐year post‐fire chronosequence, and modelled the responses of individual species, functional groups and community composition to fire history. Model outputs were used to evaluate the impacts of fire management as guided by (a) domains of tolerable fire intervals, a concept based on plant life history traits, and (b) the spatial arrangement of post‐fire age classes, a surrogate for animal habitats.ResultsBird and plant communities both responded to time since fire. Notable relationships included the following: a high reporting rate of ground‐foraging birds and high cover and species richness of shrubs immediately after fire; and a gradual increase up to ~50 years and ~20 years post‐fire of birds that forage in the mid‐storey and facultative‐resprouting plants, respectively. Post‐fire age classes had distinct bird and plant assemblages. Tolerable fire intervals currently used by land managers (min 12–max 45 years between fires) encompassed the peak in richness of most plant functional groups but not the preferred habitat of lower‐mid‐storey foraging birds.Main conclusionsFire management based solely on birds or plants risks population declines in other biota. Use of functional groups can help guide strategic planning, such as spatial representation of post‐fire age classes across the landscape. Maintaining late‐successional vegetation will provide habitat for several groups of birds, while fire is needed at sufficient frequency to prevent loss of plants and ground‐foraging birds.
Language and socioemotional development in early childhood: The role of conversational turns
Authors: Gómez Esteban , Strasser Katherine 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis study examines the role of language environment (number of conversational turns) in the development of socioemotional competencies between 18 and 30 months. The language environment of 43 infants and their social‐emotional competencies were measured at 18 months and again at 30 months. Multiple regressions showed a significant contribution of turns at 18 months on socioemotional competencies at 30 months, controlling for their initial levels, child vocalizations, maternal warmth, and social risk. Cross‐lagged analysis revealed that the direction of the longitudinal relation between turns and emotional competencies is more likely to go from turns to socioemotional development than the other way around. Implications for theory and research are discussed.
Diabetes technologies in people with type 1 diabetes mellitus and disordered eating: A systematic review on continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, continuous glucose monitoring and automated insulin delivery
Authors: Priesterroth Lilli , Grammes Jennifer , Clauter Mona , Kubiak Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsIn this systematic review, we aimed (1) to identify and describe research investigating the use of advanced diabetes technologies (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII; continuous glucose monitoring, CGM; automated insulin delivery, AID) in people with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and disordered eating and (2) to discuss potential (dis)advantages of diabetes technology use in this population, derived from previous research.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search in two electronic databases for English articles published between 2000 and 2020 addressing eating disorders and/or dysfunctional eating behaviours and diabetes technology use in children, adolescents and adults with T1DM (PROSPERO ID CRD42020160244).ResultsOf 70 publications initially identified, 17 were included. Overall, evidence on the use of diabetes technologies in people with T1DM and disordered eating is scarce. The majority of the studies reports findings on CSII in people with T1DM and dysfunctional eating behaviours or eating disorders. Findings predominantly stem from observational data and are, in most cases, secondary findings of the respective studies. Providing the greatest flexibility in diabetes management, CSII may have benefits in disordered eating. CGM data may complement the diagnostic process of disordered eating with a physiological indicator of insulin restriction (i.e. time spent in hyperglycaemia).ConclusionsResults on possible (dis)advantages of diabetes technology use in people with T1DM and disordered eating are based on observational data, small pilot trials and anecdotical evidence from case reports. Prospective data from larger samples are needed to reliably determine potential effects of diabetes technology on disordered eating in T1DM.
Assessment of tolerance and resistance of inbred rice cultivars to combined infestations of rice water weevil and stemborers
Authors: Villegas James M. , Wilson Blake E. , Stout Michael J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPlants possess defense‐related traits that both reduce injury from herbivores (resistance) and the amount of yield loss per unit injury (tolerance). Plant resistance and tolerance can be utilized in pest management programs. The rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most destructive early‐season pest of rice (Oryza sativa L., Poaceae) in the USA. Additionally, lepidopteran stemborers, particularly the invasive Mexican rice borer, Eoreuma loftini (Dyar) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), are increasing in economic importance as pests of rice in Louisiana, USA. This study was conducted to evaluate both the resistance and tolerance of commonly grown inbred rice cultivars in Louisiana to combined infestations of rice water weevils and stemborers. Field experiments were established at the Rice Research Station in Crowley, LA, USA from 2017 to 2019. Eight commonly grown inbred cultivars were selected and pest infestation levels were manipulated using insecticidal seed treatments. The rice cultivar ‘Jupiter’ supported the highest numbers of immature rice water weevils, whereas weevil densities on other cultivars were intermediate. Low levels of stemborer injury were observed in ‘Cheniere’ and ‘Jazzman‐2’, which suggests that these cultivars express some resistance to stemborers, whereas high stemborer injury was observed in ‘Cocodrie, ‘CL151’, and ‘Mermentau’. Together, rice water weevil and stemborer infestations negatively affected rice yields, with losses up to 18%. However, differences among cultivars in overall yield losses were minimal. Comparisons of slopes of yield × weevil density relationships among cultivars revealed a greater decline, that is, yield loss per weevil, for Cheniere relative to Cocodrie. Our data suggest that plant resistance can serve as a valuable component of an integrated pest management program, particularly for stemborers.
Mobilising international student mobility: Exploring policy enactments in teacher education in Norway
Authors: Pedersen Tea Dyred 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article analyses the internationalisation of higher education through the lens of student mobility, by exploring how mobility is realised in contexts that are shaped by different needs, purposes and actors. Drawing on interview data, this article explores perceptions and practices of student mobility as understood and described by a range of actors in three teacher education programmes in Norway. Findings show that mobility is mainly understood in terms of its professional relevance for students’ future teaching practice, but that this understanding increasingly competes with both academic and bureaucratic purposes. These different understandings are, in turn, found to create tensions in enactments of mobility, notably with regard to how different types of mobility are approached, how faculty and staff engage with mobility, and how the mobility agenda is constrained by student demands for mobility. The analysis suggests that (a) both programme‐specific and more general contextual factors influence the enactments of mobility and that (b) the preconditions for internationalisation may vary across higher education contexts—a point that is rarely addressed by policymakers.
Transcriptome and proteome analyses of the molecular mechanisms underlying changes in oil storage under drought stress in Brassica napus L.
Authors: Li Yangyang , Zhang Linxue , Hu Sheng , Zhang Jinfeng , Wang Lin , Ping Xiaoke , Wang Jia , Li Jiana , Lu Kun , Tang Zhanglin , Liu Liezhao 
Published: April 2021

AbstractRapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is the second most important oilseed crop in edible vegetable oil and bioenergy; however, drought stress generally causes a decrease in rapeseed yield and oil content, especially during the reproductive stage. In our study, we measured the oil and protein contents and gibberellic acid (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels in seeds that were acquired on the 30th, 40th, and 50th days after flowering under control and drought treatments. RNA and protein libraries were constructed from the stressed seeds to perform transcriptome and proteome analyses, respectively. Our results demonstrated that the oil content decreased due to four primary mechanisms: downregulation of fatty acid biosynthesis‐associated genes and proteins; upregulation of fatty acid degradation‐associated genes and proteins; enhancement of protein storage due to changes in the abundances of relevant genes and proteins; and upregulation of Gly‐Asp‐Ser‐Leu (GDSL) gene expression, potentially as the result of upregulating the GA biosynthesis gene GA20ox3 and downregulating the GA inactivating gene GA2ox3 and thus an increase in GA content. During seed maturation, oil storage change may also relate to increasing ABA content as the upregulation of two members of NCED6 (9‐cis‐epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase) gene family involved in ABA biosynthesis, and the upregulation of genes involved in ABA signal transduction. These results will help to establish a foundation for breeding excellent varieties of rapeseed with high oil content for areas with frequent droughts to promote the supply of edible vegetable oil and biofuel.
Barriers to employment of Australian cancer survivors living with geographic or socio‐economic disadvantage: A qualitative study
Authors: Kemp Emma , Knott Vikki , Ward Paul , Freegard Suzana , Olver Ian , Fallon‐Ferguson Julia , Emery Jon , Christensen Chris , Bareham Monique , Koczwara Bogda 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundOpportunities for cancer survivors’ employment can both reflect and perpetuate health inequities, as employment is an important social determinant of health. Socio‐economic and geographic disadvantage is associated with greater difficulty finding work, but little is known about work needs of Australian cancer survivors living with disadvantage.ObjectiveThis study examined survivor and health‐care professional (HCP) perspectives on barriers experienced by Australian cancer survivors experiencing disadvantage when attempting to remain at or return to work.MethodFocus groups and individual interviews were held with cancer survivors (N = 15) and oncology and primary HCPs (N = 41), focusing on communities at risk of disadvantage. Participants were asked about employment barriers and facilitators in general and in the context of disadvantage. Themes were identified using framework analysis.ResultsGeographic and socio‐economic disadvantage resulted in specific individual‐ and system‐level barriers. These related to distance from treatment and support services and limited availability and suitability of work for survivors living with geographic disadvantage, and limited availability, security, and flexibility of work and previous unemployment for survivors living with socio‐economic disadvantage. Identified needs included system‐level changes such as public and workplace‐level education, legislative and policy changes, and better access to resources.ConclusionsCancer survivors living with disadvantage experience limited access to flexible employment opportunities and resources, further perpetuating their disadvantage. Promotion of health equity for cancer survivors living with disadvantage requires systemic changes to support attempts to remain at/return to work.Patient or public contributionThis study included cancer survivors and HCPs as investigators, authors and participants.
Mapping the periapex anatomical pattern of teeth involved in sodium hypochlorite accidents: a cross‐sectional quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Souza E. M. , Campos M. G. , Rosas Aguilar R. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimTo determine the anatomical reasons for sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) accidents by testing whether this mishap is likely to occur in cases where the anatomical apex of the teeth fenestrates the overlying buccal cortical alveolar bone, allowing NaOCl to gain direct access to buccal soft tissues.MethodologyFollowing a cross‐sectional, nonrandomized design, 13 patients who suffered unintentional NaOCl accidents whilst undergoing root canal treatment were included. After remission of symptoms, the root canals were fully irrigated with an innocuous radiopaque solution (saline diluted Claritrast 300) and subsequently CBCT scanned to create a 3D‐map of the periapex and tracking of the irrigant pathway throughout the periapical tissues. An extra group of five control patients, who underwent root canal treatment with no NaOCl accident, was also CBCT‐scanned after irrigation with the tracking radiopaque solution. The anatomical relationship of the cortical bone and the root apex, as well as the distribution of irrigation solution in the periapical tissue, was associated with patients undergoing a NaOCl accident or not, using a Fisher’s exact test.ResultsThe frequency of teeth with apical cortical fenestration was significantly higher in the NaOCl accident‐positive group, compared to the negative (P < 0.001). All 13 accident‐positive patients had an anatomical apex in direct contact with the buccal soft tissue via fenestration of the overlying cortical bone and direct contact of the foramen with the soft tissues. The radiopaque solution was distributed in the soft tissue in these cases. In contrast, accident‐negative patients had no fenestration of the buccal cortical bone and the anatomical root apex was within the cancellous bone or within a bone‐confined periapical lesion. The radiopaque solution was also found in the cancellous bone or the periapical lesion, but patients had no manifestations of a NaOCl accident.ConclusionThis quasi‐experimental cross‐sectional clinical study suggests that, in addition to the presence of the extruded NaOCl solution, a patent foramen that fenestrates the cortical bone merging into the mucosal tissue might constitute a risk for the clinical manifestation of a NaOCl accident. Preoperative 3D scans aid in anticipating when an accident is likely to occur.
Why central banks announcing liquidity injections is more effective than forward guidance
Authors: Baumgärtner Martin , Klose Jens 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe distinguish the announcement effects of conventional and unconventional monetary policy measures on macroeconomic variables using a high‐frequency data set that measures the impact of the European Central Bank's monetary policy decisions. For the period 2002 to 2019, we show that conventional and unconventional monetary policy measures differ considerably in their impact on inflation. While conventional measures show the expected response, that is, an interest rate cut increases inflation, unconventional measures appear to generally have no significant influence. However, this does not hold for quantitative easing, which is found to have a similar influence on inflation as the conventional interest rate changes.
Wastewater treatment technology selection using a hybrid multicriteria decision‐making method
Authors: Salamirad Amirhossein , Kheybari Siamak , Ishizaka Alessio , Farazmand Hadis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractVarious technological methods are available for industrial wastewater treatment (WWT), ranging from conventional to advanced treatment processes. It is therefore a complex exercise to select the most appropriate technology to treat the industrial wastewater in a particular situation. Many criteria can be considered in the decision‐making process; therefore, multicriteria decision‐making methods are especially appropriate for solving this problem. In this paper, we aim to select the most appropriate municipal WWT technology for agricultural usages. We propose a new hybrid methodology based on the best–worst method (BWM) and the behavioral technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (BTOPSIS). This new hybrid takes advantage of the benefits of both methods. The BWM incorporates consistency checks, while the BTOPSIS can model the risk behavior of the decision maker. Using the proposed methodology, we calculate the performance of seven WWT technologies using criteria categorized into sustainability dimensions (i.e., economic, social, and environmental). The results, based on different levels of decision makers’ loss aversion, indicate that energy consumption and an integrated fixed‐film activated sludge reactor are the most effective criterion and technology, respectively. The proposed new methodology is generic and can be employed for any multicriteria decision problems.
Predictors of clinical success after paroxysmal atrial fibrillation catheter ablation
Authors: Osorio Jose , Hunter Tina D. , Rajendra Anil , Zei Paul , Silverstein Joshua , Morales Gustavo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionContact force (CF) guided ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) with stable catheter‐tissue contact optimizes clinical success and may increase an operator's ability to achieve pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in a single encirclement. First pass PVI reduces procedure time but the relationship with long term clinical success is not well understood. This study evaluated patient characteristics and procedural details as predictors of 1‐year clinical success after PAF ablation, including first pass isolation.MethodsConsecutive de novo PAF ablations were performed with a porous tip CF catheter in 2017 and 2018. All ablations used wide‐area circumferential ablation, with first pass isolation captured separately for the left and right pulmonary veins (PVs). CF was held between 10 and 20 g and the catheter was moved every 10–20 s. Radiofrequency energy was set at 40–45 W throughout the atrium. Patient characteristics and procedural details were tested for association with clinical success, defined as freedom from recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia through 1 year.ResultsA total of 404 patients were included in the study. Clinical success at 1 year was 86.6%. Achieving first pass isolation on at least one ipsilateral PV pair was the most significant predictor of clinical success (p = .0126). After controlling for first pass isolation, only recurrence within the 90‐day blanking period was independently predictive (p = .0015). First pass isolation was not associated with early recurrence (p = .2454).ConclusionIn a real‐world setting, first pass isolation was highly predictive of 12‐month clinical success after CF‐guided ablation in a PAF population.
Repositioning and extraction of stylet‐driven pacing leads with extendable helix used for left bundle branch area pacing
Authors: le Polain de Waroux Jean‐Benoit , Wielandts Jean‐Yves , Gillis Kris , Hilfiker Gabriela , Sorgente Antonio , Capulzini Lucio , Geerts Bert , Knecht Sébastien , Duytschaever Mattias , Tavernier René 
Published: April 2021

AbstractConventional stylet‐driven leads with extendable helix can be implanted successfully for left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) with a low acute complication rate. We report two cases in which lead repositioning after a first unsuccessful attempt to LBBAP was associated with fracture of the helix rotating mechanism and failure to fully extract the pacing lead.
Reassessment of clinical variables in cardiac resynchronization defibrillator patients at the time of first replacement: Death after replacement of CRT (DARC) score
Authors: Theuns Dominic A. M. J. , Niazi Kaijbar , Schaer Beat A. , Sticherling Christian , Yap Sing‐Chien , Caliskan Kadir 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIntroductionCardiac resynchronization defibrillator (CRT‐D) as primary prevention is known to reduce mortality. At the time of replacement, higher age and comorbidities may attenuate the benefit of implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) therapy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the progression of comorbidities after implantation and their association with mortality following CRT‐D generator replacement. In addition, a risk score was developed to identify patients at high risk for mortality after replacement.Methods and ResultsWe identified patients implanted with a primary prevention CRT‐D (n = 648) who subsequently underwent elective generator replacement (n = 218) from two prospective ICD registries. The cohort consisted of 218 patients (median age: 70 years, male gender: 73%, mean left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF]: 36 ± 11% at replacement). Median follow‐up after the replacement was 4.2 years during which 64 patients (29%) died and 11 patients (5%) received appropriate ICD shocks. An increase in comorbidities was observed in 77 patients (35%). The 5‐year mortality rate was 41% in patients with ≥2 comorbidities at the time of replacement. A risk score incorporating age, gender, LVEF, atrial fibrillation, anemia, chronic kidney disease, and history of appropriate ICD shocks at time of replacement accurately predicted 5‐year mortality (C‐statistic 0.829). Patients with a risk score of greater than 2.5 had excess mortality at 5‐year postreplacement compared with patients with a risk score less than 1.5 (57% vs. 6%; p < .001).ConclusionA simple risk score accurately predicts 5‐year mortality after replacement in CRT‐D patients, as patients with a risk score of greater than 2.5 are at high risk of dying despite ICD protection.