bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic data reveal the biogeographical and demographic history of Ammospiza sparrows in northeast tidal marshes
Authors: Walsh Jennifer , Kovach Adrienne I. , Benham Phred M. , Clucas Gemma V. , Winder Virginia L. , Lovette Irby J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimShaped by climate change and sea‐level rise, tidal salt marshes represent ephemeral systems that are home to only a few species. The dynamic ecological histories of these habitats, however, render it challenging to reconstruct the complete biogeographical histories of their endemic taxa. To better understand the evolutionary history of tidal marsh endemic sparrows, we employ genomic data to evaluate the timing and direction of tidal marsh colonization events and leverage these data to test a series of models describing the biogeographical history of our study taxa.LocationNorth America.TaxonAmmospiza Sparrows.MethodsWe sampled 54 individuals from the Ammospiza clade from freshwater and saltwater habitats. We sequenced whole genomes and generated a dataset containing 21 million SNPs. Detailed phylogenomic analyses were conducted to identify relationships between tidal marsh and freshwater species. These phylogenies were then used to date divergence times and reconstruct the biogeographical history of the clade as well as identify historic signals of introgression.ResultsPhylogenies based on several million SNPs supported well‐resolved clades that correspond to all previous species designations. Demographic modelling within A. nelsoni provided further resolution into the subspecies topology. Phylogenetic and biogeographical reconstructions support a series of saltwater to freshwater colonization events, with some endemic taxa exhibiting associations with tidal marsh habitat over longer evolutionary time‐scales and some habitat transitions occurring as recently as 5,000 years ago.Main ConclusionsBiogeographical and phylogenomic reconstructions support an original freshwater origin of the Ammospiza sparrows currently inhabiting tidal marshes in North America. We also found strong evidence for a saltwater to freshwater transition in A. n. subvirgatus as opposed to the long hypothesized freshwater origin of this group. We conclude that the increased resolution from genomic data paired with an integrative framework of phylogenomic, demographic and biogeographical reconstructions is important for resolving evolutionary histories in complex and ephemeral environments.
Smart mechanisms and their influence on geometry learning of elementary school students in authentic contexts
Authors: Hwang Wu‐Yuin , Hoang Anh , Lin Ya‐Hsuan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith facilitation of advanced technologies, design and application of smart become promising research issues in education. Although it is potential for students to learn geometric in authentic contexts, there were still lack of studies addressing smart learning issue in authentic context for geometry. This study aim to propose an app, called SmartUG, to support students smartly to consolidate geometry understanding and learning through enriching experience of exploring and applying related geometry surrounding. There were four smart mechanisms proposed in SmartUG (direction guidance, learning progress, object recognition and answer feedback) to guide students' measuring and applying geometry smartly and meaningfully in authentic contexts. A total of 83 fifth‐grade students participated in this experiment and were divided into three groups, an experimental group that learned with smart mechanisms, a control group that learned without smart mechanisms and a traditional control group that learning with traditional teaching approach. Basically, experimental group outperformed control group and traditional teaching group in term of geometry ability and estimation ability, which means students benefited from proposed SmartUG. Moreover, students showed positive attitude and high intention to use toward SmartUG. Students should be provided more chances to learn geometry smartly in authentic contexts with SmartUG. It is potential to future studies to implement more smart mechanisms to support students learning in authentic contexts. Moreover, the learning system can get smarter and smarter when the learning system gets more and more input data from students' use.
Age at menarche and risk of hypertension in Chinese adult women: Results from a large representative nationwide population
Authors: Chen Lu , Zhang Linfeng , Chen Zuo , Wang Xin , Zheng Congyi , Kang Yuting , Zhou Haoqi , Wang Zengwu , Gao Runlin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study explored the association between age at menarche and the risk of hypertension in Chinese women. A total of 234 867 women aged ≥18 years from the China Hypertension Survey were included in this study. Participants were required to complete a standard questionnaire. Blood pressure and physical examination of the participants were performed by trained medical staff. Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between age at menarche and other individual characteristics. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios for hypertension by age in years at menarche. The average age at menarche in Chinese women was 14.8 years. Women who were older at menarche were more likely to have a higher body mass index, larger waist circumference, smoke, and have a primary education (p < .05). After adjustments, odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for hypertension across age at menarche groups were 0.912 (0.877–0.948), 0.927 (0.893–0.963), 1.00 (reference), 1.061 (1.020–1.102), and 1.129 (1.090–1.169) for those aged ≤13, 14, 15 (reference), 16, and ≥17 years at menarche, respectively. Each 1‐year delay in menarche was associated with a 6.2% increase in the prevalence of hypertension (odds ratio, 1.062; 95% confidence interval, 1.053–1.071). The positive association between age at menarche and hypertension was evident among age at recruitment groups, BMI categories, and education levels. This association was stronger in urban women and postmenopausal women. Our findings suggest that late menarche is related to a higher risk of hypertension among Chinese adult women, and this association appeared similar among different subgroups.
Oxytocin: A citation network analysis of 10 000 papers
Authors: Leng Gareth , Leng Rhodri I. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOur understanding of the oxytocin system has been built over the last 70 years by the work of hundreds of scientists, reported in thousands of papers. Here, we construct a map to that literature, using citation network analysis in conjunction with bibliometrics. The map identifies ten major ‘clusters’ of papers on oxytocin that differ in their particular research focus and that densely cite papers from the same cluster. We identify highly cited papers within each cluster and in each decade, not because citations are a good indicator of quality, but as a guide to recognising what questions were of wide interest at particular times. The clusters differ in their temporal profiles and bibliometric features; here, we attempt to understand the origins of these differences.
Human papillomavirus genotyping predicts residual/recurrent disease after local treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia better than viral DNA testing
Authors: Kawano Kouichiro , Tsuda Naotake , Nasu Hiroki , Tasaki Shingo , Park Jongmyung , Tasaki Kazuto , Terada Atsumu , Nishio Shin , Ushijima Kimio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimType‐specific persistent infection (TSPI) of human papillomavirus (HPV) is reportedly associated with a high risk of residual/recurrent disease after local treatment for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). This study aimed to evaluate whether HPV genotyping is more accurate in detecting residual/recurrent disease than HPV DNA testing and identify which HPV genotype can predict a high risk of residual/recurrent disease.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patient outcomes and results of HPV DNA testing and genotyping at 6–12 months after local treatment for CIN2/3 for 439 women. We investigated residual/recurrent disease occurrence according to the TSPI and new infections. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV, respectively) of the two testing methods for predicting residual/recurrent diseases were also evaluated.ResultsEighty‐five (19.4%) patients were positive for HPV DNA testing after treatment, of which 74 (87.1%) had TSPI. Residual/recurrent disease was identified in 34 (7.7%) patients, of which 30 were positive for HPV DNA testing and had TSPI of HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 52, and 58 (six HPV genotypes). The sensitivity and NPV of HPV DNA testing and TSPI were equal at 88.2% and 98.9%, respectively. The specificity and PPV of TSPI were higher than those of HPV DNA testing (89.1% vs. 86.4%, 40.5% vs. 35.2%, respectively). Furthermore, the TSPI of the six HPV genotypes further improved specificity (90.6%) and PPV (44.1%) with the same sensitivity and NPV.ConclusionHPV genotyping is more useful than HPV DNA testing for determining TSPI, especially of the six HPV genotypes.
Does time change the anxiety and depression scores for pregnant women on Covid‐19 pandemic?
Authors: Geren Ayşe , Birge Özer , Bakır Mehmet Sait , Sakıncı Mehmet , Sanhal Cem Yaşar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectivePost‐traumatic stress disorder, the tip form of stress disorder, is considered as delayed onset if the symptoms occur at least 6 months after the main effect. The aim of our study was to evaluate the severity of anxiety and depression in pregnant women during the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic, in addition to investigating the demographic and economic aspects affecting maternal anxiety and depression scores, 6 months after the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsOur study was a cross‐sectional descriptive study. Pregnant women who had presented to the Akdeniz University, Gynecology and Obstetrics Department, Pregnancy Outpatient Clinic, and Kepez State Hospital, Pregnancy Outpatient Clinic between September 2020 and October 2020 were included in the study. The Spielberger State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to evaluate the state of anxiety, and the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) was used to assess the state of depression. Patients who had encountered any obstetric and/or fetal abnormality that could cause anxiety and depression during pregnancy follow‐up and pregnant women previously diagnosed with a psychiatric disease were not included in the study.ResultsA total of 322 pregnant women who agreed to participate in the study and fulfilled the study criteria within the afore‐mentioned timeframe were included in the study and the relevant forms were filled out. The mean age of the pregnant women was found to be 29 ± 5.64 years, the mean number of gravida was 1.84 ± 0.86, and the mean gestational age was 29.06 ± 9.80 weeks. The mean score of the state anxiety scale was 41.7 ± 5.56 and the mean trait anxiety score was 47.68 ± 5.85. The mean state–trait anxiety score was determined as 42.5 in primigravid women and as 41.1 in multigravid women. The State–trait anxiety score was statistically significantly higher in primigravid women compared to multigravid women (p = 0.027). The mean state–trait anxiety score did not demonstrate a significant difference according to the occupational status, having a chronic disease, educational level, and the income level. The mean trait anxiety score did not differ statistically and significantly according to the occupational status, having a chronic disease, being primigravid, educational status, and the income level. According to BDI‐II, 69.3% of pregnant women were evaluated to have minimal depression, 12.4% as mild depression, 12.4% as moderate depression, and 5.9% as severe depression.ConclusionAlthough more than 6 months have passed since the onset of the COVID‐19 pandemic, pregnant women still have increased anxiety and depression scores. In addition, it should be kept in mind that pregnant women are at risk in terms of post‐traumatic stress disorder during the antenatal and the postnatal periods, and it should be considered that psychological and social support should be provided.
Comparison of the efficacy of letrozole stair‐step protocol with clomiphene citrate stair‐step protocol in the management of clomiphene citrate‐resistant polycystic ovary syndrome patients
Authors: Sakar Mehmet Nafi , Oğlak Süleyman Cemil 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeWe sought to compare the efficacy of the letrozole (LTZ) stair‐step protocol with clomiphene citrate (CC) stair‐step protocol in the management of 150 mg dose of CC‐resistant polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients.MethodsWe retrospectively compared a total of 61 patients diagnosed as being resistant to the traditional CC protocol who were subsequently managed using the LTZ stair‐step protocol with CC‐resistant 56 patients who were treated with CC stair‐step protocol. The number of follicles ≥18 mm, endometrial thickness, time to ovulation, clinical pregnancy rates, multiple pregnancy rates, spontaneous abortion rates, live birth rates, and systemic side effects in patients were evaluated.ResultsThe mean time to ovulation was significantly shorter in the LTZ stair‐step group than the CC stair‐step group (17.3 ± 7.7 and 22.4 ± 8.1 days, respectively, p < 0.001). The ovulation rate was significantly higher in patients treated with LTZ stair‐step protocol than those treated with the CC stair‐step protocol (83.6% and 64.2%, respectively, p = 0.007). The clinical pregnancy rate was higher in the LTZ stair‐step than the CC stair‐step group (32.7% and 17.8%, respectively, p = 0.015). LTZ stair‐step group had a significantly higher live birth rate than that of the CC stair‐step group (27.8% and 14.2%, respectively, p = 0.012).ConclusionThe LTZ stair‐step protocol revealed higher ovulation, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates with a shorter time to achieve ovulation than the CC stair‐step protocol. Increment of the dose in the same cycle in both protocols did not cause any additional severe side effects.
Assessing the Effect of School‐Based Health Centers on Achievement of National Performance Measures
Authors: Hussaini Khaleel S. , Offutt‐Powell Tabatha , James Gloria , Koumans Emilia H. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe assess the impact of School‐Based Health Centers (SBHCs) on National Performance Measures (NPMs) related to health care access and utilization among Medicaid‐insured youth in Delaware.METHODSOur retrospective analysis of Delaware's SBHC program data linked with Medicaid claims during 2014‐2016 for 13 to 18‐year‐olds assessed achievement of NPMs and use of mental health services using propensity scores. We estimated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) for SBHC‐enrolled compared with non‐enrolled youth.RESULTSStudents enrolled in SBHCs had more health care visits (M = 8.7; 95% CI: 7.9‐9.5) compared with non‐SBHC‐enrolled youth (M = 4.5; 95% CI: 4.3‐4.7). Compared with non‐SBHC, those enrolled in SBHCs were more likely to receive: well‐child visits (APR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1‐1.3); annual risk assessment (APR = 11.0; 95% CI: 6.9‐17.5); BMI screening (APR = 5.6; 95% CI: 3.3‐9.4); nutrition counseling (APR = 4.1; 95% CI: 2.8‐6.0); physical activity counseling (APR = 6.3; 95% CI: 4.2‐9.4); STIs and chlamydia screening (APR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3‐2.8); mental health visits (APR = 2.6; 95% CI: 2.2‐3.1).CONCLUSIONSWe found that among Medicaid‐insured youth, those enrolled in SBHCs vs not enrolled in SBHCs had greater health care utilization as evident from NPMs and mental health services.
Performing friendship in a lab setting: Advice in troubles talk between friends
Authors: Tovares Alla , Kulbayeva Aisulu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractInteractions recorded in lab settings have been of little interest to sociolinguists who tend to favor “naturalistic” discourse. The focus on obtaining “natural” speech, however, has both limited the types of data used in sociolinguistic research and created methodological difficulties. This article demonstrates how lab‐recorded interactions—viewed as performance—can lend valuable insights into how research participants display (normative) behaviors and identities. Specifically, using a multimethod approach, we analyze advice‐giving in dyadic interactions between college‐age friends who engage in troubles talk. Being supportive, including offering advice, is essential in friendships. This study, by identifying the various linguistic realizations of advice and explicating how friends manage the power/solidarity tension, adds to our understanding of the important activity of advice‐giving in the context of friendship and illuminates friendship through the lens of advice. It also addresses the methodological question of how lab data fit into the landscape of sociolinguistic research.
Porphyromonasgingivalis survival skills: Immune evasion
Authors: Zheng Shaowen , Yu Shiwen , Fan Xiaomiao , Zhang Yonghuan , Sun Yangyang , Lin Li , Wang Hongyan , Pan Yaping , Li Chen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPeriodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that destroys the tooth‐supporting tissues and eventually leads to tooth loss. As one of the most prevalent oral conditions, periodontitis endangers the oral health of 70% of people throughout the world. Periodontitis is also related to various systemic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis, which not only has a great impact on population health status and the quality of life but also increases the social burden. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is a gram‐negative oral anaerobic bacterium that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis can express various of virulence factors to overturn innate and adaptive immunities, which makes P. gingivalis survive and propagate in the host, destroy periodontal tissues, and have connection to systemic diseases. Porphyromonas gingivalis can invade into and survive in host tissues by destructing the gingival epithelial barrier, internalizing into the epithelial cells, and enhancing autophagy in epithelial cells. Deregulation of complement system, degradation of antibacterial peptides, and destruction of phagocyte functions facilitate the evasion of P. gingivalis. Porphyromonas gingivalis can also suppress adaptive immunity, which allows P. gingivalis to exist in the host tissues and cause the inflammatory response persistently. Here, we review studies devoted to understanding the strategies utilized by P. gingivalis to escape host immunity. Methods for impairing P. gingivalis immune evasion are also mentioned.
Investigation of the association between gall bladder wall thickness and hypoalbuminaemia in dogs
Authors: Sparago J. , Rademacher N. , Dehghanpir S. , Post J. , Liu C. C. , Johnston A. N. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo assess the correlation between gallbladder wall thickness and serum/plasma albumin concentrations in dogs.Materials and MethodsRetrospective searches of digital medical record databases were conducted to identify dogs that had either severely low serum/plasma albumin concentration (<1.5 g/dL) or ultrasonographic evidence of gallbladder wall thickening (>2 mm). Analysis of covariance models were used to analyze gallbladder wall thickness with sample type (serum vs plasma), age, etiology, albumin, and albumin ' etiology as the covariates.ResultsA total of 216 dogs met inclusion criteria. One‐hundred and forty‐six dogs had a thickened gallbladder wall (Group 1). Median serum/plasma albumin concentration for dogs in this group was 2.2 g/dL (1 to 5 g/dL), and 84 dogs (57.5%) had hypoalbuminemia (<2.5 g/dL). The search for dogs with severe hypoalbuminemia (< 1.5 g/dL) identified 70 dogs (Group 2). In this group, median gallbladder wall thickness was 1.3 mm (0.2 to 6.1 mm) and 17 dogs (24.3%) had a thickened gallbladder wall. Serum/plasma albumin concentration and gallbladder wall thickness were not significantly correlated for Group 1 (r = 0.0044, p = 0.9580) or Group 2 (r = ‐0.1137, p = 0.3487). A moderate negative correlation (‐0.64) was identified between gallbladder wall thickness and albumin concentration in dogs with immune‐mediated diseases (p = 0.03).Clinical SignificanceGallbladder wall thickness and serum/plasma albumin concentration are independent variables in dogs.
CTfindings, management and short‐term outcome of dogs with pyothorax: 101 cases (2010 – 2019)
Authors: Eiras‐Diaz A. , Frykfors von Hekkel A. , Hanot E. , Stanzani G. , Florey J. , Miller R. , Llabres‐Diaz F. 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivesTo describe diagnosis, CT findings, management and short‐term outcome of a large population of canine pyothorax cases.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 101 canine pyothorax cases at two UK referral centres. Medical records and CT images were reviewed. Dogs were included if pre‐ and post‐contrast CT was performed within 48 hours of presentation.ResultsCT abnormalities included pleural thickening (84.1%), pannus (67.3%), pneumothorax (61.4%), mediastinal effusion (28.7%), pulmonary (13.8%) and mediastinal (7.9%) abscessation, foreign body presence (7.9%), foreign body tracts (6.9%) and pneumonia (6.9%). Seventy‐one percent of dogs were managed surgically, of which 90.2% survived, and 29% were managed medically, of which 72.4% survived. Overall mortality was 14.8% and 86.6% of these dogs died within 48 hours of admission. All dogs with evidence of a foreign body on CT underwent surgery.Clinical significanceMortality in our population was low and most dogs that died did so within 48 hours of hospitalisation, regardless of management type.
Petrology and classification of A‐9003, A 09535, and Y‐82094: A new type of carbonaceous chondrite
Authors: Kimura M. , Greenwood R. C. , Komatsu M. , Imae N. , Yamaguchi A. , Sato R. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMost carbonaceous (C) chondrites are classified into eight major groups: CI, CM, CO, CV, CK, CR, CH, and CB. However, some are ungrouped. We studied two such chondrites, Asuka (A)‐9003 and A 09535. The abundance of chondrules and matrix and chondrule sizes in these meteorites are similar to those in ordinary chondrites and unlike any known carbonaceous chondrite group. In contrast, they contain 4–6 vol% of refractory inclusions and have oxygen isotopic compositions within the range of CO and CV chondrites. Therefore, A‐9003 and A 09535 are classified as C chondrites. Petrologic subtypes of A‐9003 and A 09535 are 3.2. All these features closely resemble those of another ungrouped chondrite, Yamato (Y)‐82094, and differ from those of any C chondrites reported by now. A‐9003, A 09535, and Y‐82094 likely represent a new type of C chondrite. We provisionally call them CA chondrite after Asuka in Antarctica. Our study suggests a wider range of formation conditions for C chondrites than currently recorded by the major C chondrite groups.