bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Test of an organizational change model to reduce no‐shows in dental care settings
Authors: Okunseri Christopher , Boss Deanne , Jacobson Nora , Wang Ming (Veronica) , Szabo Aniko , Okunseri Elaye , Molfenter Todd 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo test the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of the NIATx model for organizational change to reduce appointment no‐shows in dental care settings.MethodsThe NIATx Dental Pilot Study used a clustered prepost interventional design and a mixed‐methods approach. Five independent dental clinics serving Medicaid enrollees were recruited. Quantitative data on the impact of the NIATx model were complemented by qualitative assessment information collected from dental staff. The NIATx model was applied through a multisite learning collaborative that engaged participating organizations in adopting targeted no‐show best practices. The primary outcome measure was no‐show data collected at the preintervention phase (5 months), intervention phase (7 months), and postintervention phase (3 months).ResultsFemale patients were in the majority (median 54.5 percent). Mean age ranged from 8 to 50 (median 35.2) years. The median percentage for Hispanics was 11.0 percent, and the proportion of uninsured patients was 25 percent. Preintervention no‐show rates ranged from 14 percent (clinic B) to 38 percent (clinic E). All clinics had lower no‐show rates during the postintervention period, with decreases ranging from 1 percent (clinic B) to 13 percent (clinic E). Overall, the no‐show rates decreased in the study.ConclusionsThe study demonstrated the feasibility of applying the NIATx model to reduce no‐show rates, with some difficulty observed with sustainability across dental practices during the postintervention period.
Nurses' views on palliative care for those diagnosed with severe persistent mental illness: A Pilot Survey Study in Switzerland
Authors: Gloeckler Sophie , Trachsel Manuel 
Published: February 2021

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

In recent years, some have suggested that palliative care approaches be considered for patients diagnosed with severe, persistent mental illness.

Palliative care aims to decrease the suffering related to illness rather than focusing on curing the illness.

Palliative care approaches for patients diagnosed with severe, persistent mental illness are controversial: Some argue palliative care would improve quality of life while others argue it would negatively affect patients' well‐being.

A recent survey found that psychiatrists from Switzerland tended to support the idea of palliative care approaches for those diagnosed with severe, persistent mental illness, but little is known about nurses' attitudes or beliefs regarding palliative psychiatry.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

Participating nurses tended to agree that palliative care approaches may be appropriate and even important in caring for those diagnosed with severe, persistent mental illness.

Participating nurses tended to prioritize quality of life and respect for patient autonomy.

Participating nurses tended to agree palliative sedation may be an appropriate intervention.

What the implications are for practice?

For those diagnosed with severe, persistent mental illness, care that aims to increase daily functioning and quality of life rather than care that looks to cure may be appropriate.

Palliative psychiatry should be further explored and better defined.

AbstractIntroductionIn recent years, palliative care approaches for patients diagnosed with severe, persistent mental illness have been proposed, but remain controversial.Aim/QuestionThe central research question of the present study was whether nurses consider palliative psychiatry appropriate in general and for certain patient types in particular. This pilot study is designed to inform future research.MethodA quantitative survey that explored attitudes and beliefs regarding palliative care for those with severe, persistent mental illness.ResultsThe responding 38 nurses tended to agree that palliative care approaches are suitable (73%, n = 24) and even important (62%, n = 21) in treating patients diagnosed with severe, persistent mental illness, including interventions such as palliative sedation (73%, n = 24).DiscussionWidespread support among respondents regarding palliative care approaches for those diagnosed with severe, persistent mental illness might be an indication that palliative approaches are already implicitly understood and incorporated into patients' care. More research is needed to determine whether these findings represent nurses' views generally.Implications for practiceThese finding suggest that palliative psychiatry should be further explored and developed.
Integrating coalescent‐based species delimitation with ecological niche modeling delimited two species within theStewartia sinensiscomplex (Theaceae)
Authors: Lin Han‐Yang , Gu Kai‐Jie , Li Wen‐Hao , Zhao Yun‐Peng 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAccurate species delimitation is the key to precise estimation of species diversity and is fundamental to most branches of biology. Unclear species boundaries within species complexes could lead to the underestimation of species diversity. However, species delimitation of species complexes remains challenging due to the continuum of phenotypic variations. To robustly examine species boundaries within a species complex, integrative approaches in phylogeny, ecology, and morphology were applied to theStewartia sinensiscomplex (Theaceae) endemic to China. Multispecies coalescent‐based species delimitation using 572 nuclear ortholog sequences (anchored enrichment) supported reciprocal phylogenetic monophyly of the northern lineage (NL) and southern lineage (SL), which were not sister clades. Niche equivalency and similarity tests demonstrated significant climatic niche differentiation between NL and SL with observed Warren et al.'sI = 0.0073 and Schoener'sD = 0.0021. Species distribution modeling also separated their potential distribution. Morphometric analyses suggested significant interlineage differentiation of multiple traits including the ratio of length and width, leaf width, and pedicel length, although overall similarity did not differ. Based on the integrative species concept, two distinct species were proposed with legitimate names ofStewartia gemmatafor SL andS. sinensisfor NL. Our empirical study of theS. sinensiscomplex highlights the importance of applying multiple species criteria, in particular the underappreciated niche differentiation, to species delimitation in species complexes pervasive in plants.
The population genomics of repeated freshwater colonizations by Gulf pipefish
Authors: Flanagan Sarah P. , Rose Emily , Jones Adam G. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractHow organisms adapt to the novel challenges imposed by the colonization of a new habitat has long been a central question in evolutionary biology. When multiple populations of the same species independently adapt to similar environmental challenges, the question becomes whether the populations have arrived at their adaptations through the same genetic mechanisms. In recent years, genetic techniques have been used to tackle these questions by investigating the genome‐level changes underlying local adaptation. Here, we present a genomic analysis of colonization of freshwater habitats by a primarily marine fish, the Gulf pipefish (Syngnathus scovelli). We sample pipefish from four geographically distinct freshwater locations and use double‐digest restriction site associated DNA sequencing to compare them to 12 previously studied saltwater populations. The two most geographically distant and isolated freshwater populations are the most genetically distinct, although demographic analysis suggests that these populations are experiencing ongoing migration with their saltwater neighbours. Additionally, outlier regions were found genome‐wide, showing parallelism across ecotype pairs. We conclude that these multiple freshwater colonizations involve similar genomic regions, despite the large geographical distances and different underlying mechanisms. These similar patterns are probably facilitated by the interacting effects of intrinsic barriers, gene flow among populations and ecological selection in the Gulf pipefish.
Real‐world safety of the novel, free radical scavenger edaravone for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients: Data from the post‐marketing surveillance SUNRISE Japan
Authors: Ishizaki Kaoru , Yoshimura Kenta , Yoshida Kengo , Matsuda Masao , Kawaguchi Yutaka , Yuki Satoshi , Sobue Gen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundTreatment options for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are limited. SUNRISE Japan is an ongoing post‐marketing surveillance evaluating the long‐term efficacy and safety of edaravone, a novel neuroprotectant agent, and free radical scavenger, in patients with ALS.AimThis study aims to describe the real‐word safety results of ALS patients enrolled in SUNRISE Japan.MethodsPatients diagnosed with ALS and prescribed edaravone for the first time during the surveillance period were included. Patients were prescribed edaravone according to the prescribing information. The incidence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported up to 1 year of follow‐up was evaluated.ResultsOf 805 patients enrolled up to April 2020, 800 were included in the safety analysis set. Patients had a mean age of 66.3 years, 55.1% were male, and they had a mean disease duration of 1.8 years. In total, 97 patients (12.1%) reported at least one ADR, with a total of 148 ADR events reported. Thirty patients (3.8%) reported at least one serious ADR with a total of 42 serious ADR events reported. Hepatic function abnormal was the most frequently reported ADR, with an incidence of 4.4% (35/800). A higher incidence of ADRs was observed in patients with percent forced vital capacity ≥80%, and those with previous/concomitant treatment with riluzole.ConclusionIn this surveillance study, hepatic ADRs were the most frequently reported events. These ADRs have also been reported previously in patients receiving standard therapy. No new safety concerns were raised with real‐world use of edaravone.
Hepatitis C virus core antigen as alternative diagnostic algorithm for active hepatitis C virus infection among haemodialysis population: Cost implications
Authors: Wong Xue Z. , Amirah Azzeri , Gan Chye C. , Fatiha Shabaruddin , Maznah Dahlui , Yahya Rosnawati , Ganapathy Shubash , Tan Soek S. , Mohamed Rosmawati , Lim Soo K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAimsIn Malaysia, majority anti‐HCV positive haemodialysis patients do not undergo hepatitis C confirmation due to the high cost of HCV RNA. HCV Core Antigen might be a cost‐effective diagnostic test to identify HD patients who have active HCV infection eligible for Direct Acting Anti‐viral therapy.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted to assess the correlation between HCV Ag and HCV RNA and the cost implications of different diagnostic algorithms to diagnose active HCV infection using Anti‐HCV, HCV Ag, and HCV RNA. Pre‐dialysis blood was tested for both HCV Ag and HCV RNA. HCV Ag was tested with Abbott ARCHITECT HCV Ag test.ResultsTwo‐hundred twenty‐seven haemodialysis patients were recruited from 20 centres with mean age of 57.68 ± 12.48 years, and male constitutes 56.8% (129) of the study population. HCV Ag correlated well with HCV RNA (Spearman test coefficient 0.943, p < .001) with sensitivity of 93.9%, specificity 99.3%, and the accuracy was 97.36%. Cost analysis indicated that a sequential test involving Anti‐HCV antibody as initial screening, followed by HCV Ag on Anti‐HCV positive and HCV RNA on HCV Ag negative cases translated to a modest cost‐saving algorithm compared to standard diagnostic algorithm.ConclusionHCV Ag correlated well with HCV RNA and can potentially be fused in an alternative diagnostic algorithm to generate cost savings methods to diagnose active HCV infection among haemodialysis patients. This alternative algorithm is especially relevant in low to middle‐income countries such as Malaysia to optimize the use of the healthcare resource and gains in clinical outcomes.
Healthcare providers' challenges during the coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) pandemic: A qualitative approach
Authors: Ness Michelle M. , Saylor Jennifer , Di Fusco Leigh Ann , Evans Kristen 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe uncertain trajectory of COVID‐19 has led to significant psychosocial impacts on nurses and other healthcare providers. Given the critical role of these providers in pandemic response, this study sought to gain a better understanding of the challenges faced by healthcare providers caring for adult patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic. A descriptive, qualitative study was conducted via semi‐structured interviews. A purposeful sample of healthcare providers (n = 23) caring for patients during the COVID‐19 pandemic was recruited to participate in interviews via snowball sampling and an information systems‐supported recruiting process (e‐recruiting). Thematic analysis revealed four themes: (1) Managing isolation, fear, and increased anxiety; (2) adapting to changes in healthcare practice and policy; (3) addressing emotional and physical needs of patients and their families; and (4) navigating evolving workplace safety. New evidence was introduced about nurses practicing outside their usual role. Nurses and other healthcare providers consistently reported increased anxiety during the pandemic. Hospital administrations can proactively support healthcare providers during this and future pandemics by ensuring access to mental health programs, standardizing communication, and developing plans that address equipment and supply availability.
Efficient Anticancer Effect on Choroidal Melanoma Cells Induced by Tanshinone IIA Photosensitization
Authors: Juan Li , Diandian Wei , Jianfeng Wang , Ning Li , Yuchen Fan , Na Li , Sijie Zhao , Kun Li , Fengyuan Sun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTanshinone IIA (TanIIA) has multiple biological functions and already been clinically used to treat many cardiovascular diseases. TanIIA is a photoactive molecule and can be excited by light to generate 3TanIIA*. Generation of 3TanIIA* by TanIIA photosensitization indicates that TanIIA may serve as a photosensitizer to bring photodynamic damage to organisms. Therefore, human choroidal melanoma MUM‐2B cell was chosen as a superficial tumor model and the photodynamic effect of TanIIA on tumor cells was evaluated in this study. The results showed that TanIIA photosensitization could generate singlet oxygen in noncellular system. MTT, clone formation and wound‐healing assays showed that the survival and migration of MUM‐2B cells could be efficiently inhibited by TanIIA photosensitization. And then, laser confocal microscope and flow cytometry were used to try to elucidate related mechanism. It was found that TanIIA could pass through cellular membrane and preferably accumulate in nucleus. TanIIA photosensitization could efficiently induce cell apoptosis and necrosis, increase intracellular ROS levels, decrease mitochondria membrane potential, and lead to cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase. Our findings indicate that TanIIA photosensitization can exert remarkable toxicity on choroidal melanoma cells.
Vacuolar Iron Transporter (Like) proteins: Regulators of cellular iron accumulation in plants
Authors: Ram Hasthi , Sardar Shaswati , Gandass Nishu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIron is not only important for plant physiology, but also a very important micronutrient in human diets. The vacuole is the main site for accumulation of excess amounts of various nutrients and toxic substances in plant cells. During the past decade, many Vacuolar Iron Transporter (VIT) and VIT‐Like (VTL) genes have been identified and shown to play important roles in iron homeostasis in different plants. Furthermore, recent reports identified novel roles of these transporter genes in symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legume crops as well as in the blue coloration of petals in flowers. The literature indicates their universal role in Fe transport across different tissues (grains, nodules, flowers) to different biological processes (cellular iron homeostasis, SNF, petal coloration) in different plants. Here, we have systematically reviewed different aspects, such as structure, molecular evolution, expression, and function of VIT/VTL proteins. This will help future studies aimed at functional analysis of VIT/VTL genes in other plant species, vacuolar transportation mechanisms, and iron biofortification at large.
How do I…perform therapeutic phlebotomy?
Authors: Peedin Alexis R. , Karp Julie Katz 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundTherapeutic phlebotomy (TP) is a well‐established medical intervention that evolved from the historical practice of bloodletting.MethodsPatients who require TP are not infrequently told by their health‐care providers to “just go donate blood,” but TP should always be offered in the context of a prescribed course of therapy. Providers can prescribe a course of TP for a number of indications, including hereditary hemochromatosis, polycythemia vera, iron overload, and testosterone replacement therapy.ResultsA course of prescribed TP specifies that patients can be phlebotomized more frequently than volunteer blood donors and reassures patients that TP is being performed per the orders of their provider. Prescribed TP also facilitates two‐way communication between the referring provider and the transfusion medicine (TM) physician overseeing the TP. The College of American Pathologists TM checklist describes several requirements regarding the documentation and performance of TP, and electronic medical record systems can be used to demonstrate compliance with these requirements.ConclusionsTM physicians should discuss the advantages of prescribing TP with providers who mutually care for patients requiring this intervention.
Time Optimal Trajectories for a Mobile Robot With Acceleration and Speed Limits in the Presence of an Obstacle
Authors: Ben-Asher J. Z. , Rimon E. D. , Wetzler M. , Diepolder J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the time optimal paths of a mobile robot navigating in a planar environment containing an obstacle. The paper considers a point-mass robot that moves with bounded acceleration and limited turn-rate controls in the presence of an obstacle. The optimal control problem yields 12 path primitives that form the time optimal paths of the point-mass robot. The problem is then extended to a disc-robot that moves in the presence of an obstacle with turn in-place capability. The optimality conditions yield 12 modified path primitives that form the time optimal paths of the disc-robot. All path primitives are analytically characterized and examples demonstrate how they form time optimal trajectories in the presence of several obstacle types.
Web-It-Man: A Web-Based Integrated Tool for Manufacturing Environment
Authors: Karne Ramesh K. , Dandekar Swati V. , Poluri Sridhar , Chen Gang , Baras John S. , Nau Dana S. , Ball Michael O. , Lin Edward , Trichur Vinai S. , Williams James T. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Exponential growth in Internet applications and the need for a global access for future manufacturing demands web-based tools that operate seamlessly in heterogeneous environments. We present a Web-based Integrated Tool for Manufacturing that assists designers with a variety of CAD/CAM tools through a unified user interface. Web enabled system architecture is proposed for the future development of manufacturing tools. Design issues and research topics pertinent to this architecture are described. A prototype implementation based on this architecture and its current status is outlined. Finally, our research efforts in the development of this tool and some future research areas are identified.
CFD Study for Steam Flows Downstream From Turbine Bypass Pipe Flow
Authors: Amano R. S. , Draxler G. R. , Golembiewski J. M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The main goal of this study is to investigate the evaporation process of a coolant (water droplets) which is injected through spray nozzles mounted on a steam turbine bypass pipeline in a co-generator system. The study includes several important factors: (1) the effects of four elbows on the flow pattern and evaporation process of the water particles, (2) heat transfer that affects the steam temperature and also the evaporation rates, and (3) the effects of inserting a perforated plate on the flow pattern and evaporation process.
The first goal of this study is to investigate whether or not the existence of elbows in the pipeline will enhance the evaporation process of water droplets. Two effects have been observed so far. One is that the generation of turbulence increases in the core of the elbow which results in a higher heat transfer rate between particles and steam and the other is that particles are forced to impinge onto the outer side of the pipe wall in the elbow due to the centrifugal inertia force of the flow in the curvature path.
The second goal is to carefully study the heat transfer effects of three different modes; i.e., the heat exchange between the steam and the water particles, the heat transfer of flow to the wall due to turbulence convection, and the conjugate heat transfer by means of heat conduction through the pipe wall and insulation materials.
The last goal of the research is to investigate the effect of the insertion of a perforated plate downstream from the cooling water spray nozzles. A detailed analysis was conducted by microscopically modeling the flow through each hole of the perforated plate. Modeling of the high-pressure turbulent steam flow was based on a non-staggered finite volume method in three-dimensional, turbulent, compressible, two-phase dispersed flow formulations.
The investigation of the structure of liquid spray jets during the transition into the gaseous phase was accomplished by developing a physical model of a particle tracking technique to investigate evaporation processes of the liquid droplets in a highly turbulent flow.
Computations were performed by separating the entire pipeline system into four sections, each of which was generated in a three-dimensional grid system for more efficient computations by maintaining a sufficiently large number of meshes for each section. Flow calculations were made in each region separately by patching the end conditions from one pipe to the inlet conditions of the next one.
Through this research, numerous data have been acquired and analyzed for heat transfer mechanisms of the cooling water droplets in the pipeline system. The results of the computations were verified by comparing them with theoretical models, and were shown to be quite reliable.