bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a systematic review of economic evaluations of preoperative smoking cessation interventions for preventing surgical complications
Authors: McCaffrey Nikki , Higgins Julie , Lal Anita 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionThe short-term economic benefit of embedding best practice tobacco dependence treatment (TDT) into healthcare services prior to surgery across different populations and jurisdictions is largely unknown. The aim of this systematic review is to summarise the cost-effectiveness of preoperative smoking cessation interventions for preventing surgical complications compared with usual care. The results will provide hospital managers, clinicians, healthcare professionals and policymakers with a critical summary of the economic evidence on providing TDT routinely before surgery, aiding the development and dissemination of unified, best practice guidelines, that is, implementation of article 14 of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.Methods and analysisA comprehensive search of peer-reviewed literature will be conducted from database inception until 23 June 2021 (Cochrane, Econlit, Embase, Health Technology Assessment, Medline Complete, Scopus). Published, English-language articles describing economic evaluations of preoperative smoking cessation interventions for preventing surgical complications will be included. One researcher will complete the searches and two researchers will independently screen results for eligible studies. Any disagreement will be resolved by the third researcher. A narrative summary of included studies will be provided. Study characteristics, economic evaluation methods and cost-effectiveness results will be extracted by one reviewer and descriptive analyses will be undertaken. A second reviewer will review data extracted for accuracy from 10% of the included studies. Reporting and methodological quality of the included studies will be evaluated independently by two reviewers using the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards statement and the Quality of Health Economic Studies Instrument checklist, respectively.Ethics and disseminationThis research does not require ethics approval because the study is a planned systematic review of published literature. Findings will be presented at health economic, public health and tobacco control conferences, published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated via social media.Trial registration numberCRD42021257740.
Tobacco industry compliance with the EU track and tracing system in Lithuania
Authors: Liutkute-Gumarov Vaida , Ross Hana 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundThe European Union (EU)-wide tobacco tracking and tracing system (T&T system) became operational on 20 May 2019, allowing a transitional period and gradual installation of the system until May 2020. This study attempts to assess the EU T&T system using a sample of discarded cigarette packs collected in Lithuania.MethodsThe empty pack survey was conducted between September 2019 and September 2020, covering both the transitional period and the period of full implementation. The study employed a two-stage cluster design by first randomly selecting 65 well-defined population clusters (30 cities and 35 towns) representing both urban and rural areas in all 10 counties in Lithuania. Second, we randomly selected 358 polling districts (routes) in each cluster.ResultsThe fieldworkers walked at least 1074 km and collected 5727 discarded empty cigarette packs. None of the packs found during the EU T&T transitional period had a unique identifier (UI). After the full implementation of the EU T&T system, 32.0% of the collected packs were still without a UI. 5.8% of licit packs were without a UI after the May 2020 deadline. Most of the legal non-compliant packs (131, or 69.7%) were intended for the Lithuanian market. Close to 85% of packs that had duty-free markings were non-compliant.ConclusionThe tobacco industry most likely disregarded the EU T&T transitional period as no packs with UIs were found up until the full implementation. Packs without UIs were still found 4 months after the full implementation of the EU T&T system.
Structural transformation and dynamical heterogeneity in Germania melt under compression: molecular dynamic simulation
Authors: Ha N.T.T. , Lan M.T. , Hong N.V. , Hung P.K. 
Published: November 2021

The structural transformation and dynamical heterogeneity in Germania (GeO2) are investigated via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The MD model with 5499 atoms was constructed under pressure up to 150 GPa and at a temperature of 3500 K. The structural transformation mechanism has been studied by observing domain structures and boundary oxygen atoms. The simulation result reveals that GeO2 consists of separate domains and boundaries in its melt structure. Under compression, the structure of GeO2 changes gradually and represents many types of structures. The melt structure exhibits many structural domains Dx, and polymorphism appears at pressures of 12 and 20 GPa. The change of tetrahedral structure to octahedral structure in germanium coordination occurred in parallel with the process of merging and splitting of domain structure. Moreover, the existence of high- and low-density phases in GeO2 melt is indicated. The high-density phase is D6 domain and boundary oxygen while the low-density phase is D4 and D5 domain. The compression mechanism in GeO2 melt mainly is a reduction of average Voronoi volume of oxygen and Voronoi volume of D6, boundary atoms oxygen. Furthermore, we find the dynamical heterogeneity at ambient pressure. The separate “fast” regions and “slow” regions in GeO2 are detected via link-cluster function.
Invisible informality and the contribution of information modeling to data-based urban regulation
Authors: Lima Mariana Quezado Costa , Freitas Clarissa Figueiredo Sampaio , Cardoso Daniel Ribeiro 
Published: November 2021

Recent studies have established the role of urban planning policies in feeding the growth of informal settlements in Brazilian cities, through the socio-spatial exclusion of low-income residents. The difficulties of reversing this exclusionary logic are due to several complex factors. A factor less discussed in Brazilian literature, which has began to draw the attention of scholars, is the invisibility of the informal city. This research assumes that it is necessary to regulate the urban form of precarious informal settlements, in order to prevent the deterioration of urban environmental quality. We highlight the importance of compiling data about their urban form and their built environment, in order to contribute to a reality-based regulatory policy for these settlements. After discussing the phenomenon of urban informality in Fortaleza, we applied a methodology that combines Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and City Information Modeling (CIM), to support the redefinition of urban rules for precarious settlements of informal origin. This procedure will reveal not only the extent of the inadequacies of the (past and current) land use and occupation codes, but will also present some potentialities of GIS and CIM to inform its redefinition.
Blood Pressure Trajectory Groups and Outcome After Endovascular Thrombectomy: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Petersen Nils H. , Kodali Sreeja , Meng Can , Li Fangyong , Nguyen Cindy Khanh , Peshwe Krithika U. , Strander Sumita , Silverman Andrew , Kimmel Alexandra , Wang Anson , Anadani Mohammad , Almallouhi Eyad , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Kim Joon-Tae , Giles James A. , Keyrouz Salah G. , Farooqui Mudassir , Zevallos Cynthia , Maier Ilko L. , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Liman Jan , Riou-Comte Nolwenn , Richard Sébastien , Gory Benjamin , Quintero Wolfe Stacey , Brown Patrick A. , Fargen Kyle M. , Mistry Eva A. , Fakhri Hiba , Mistry Akshitkumar M. , Wong Ka-Ho , de Havenon Adam , Nascimento Fábio A. , Kan Peter , Matouk Charles , Ortega-Gutiérrez Santiago , Sheth Kevin N. 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Elevated blood pressure after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) has been associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation and poor functional outcomes. However, the optimal hemodynamic management after EVT remains unknown, and the blood pressure course in the acute phase of ischemic stroke has not been well characterized. This study aimed to identify patient subgroups with distinct blood pressure trajectories after EVT and study their association with radiographic and functional outcomes.

Methods:
This multicenter retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients with anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion ischemic stroke who underwent EVT. Repeated time-stamped blood pressure data were recorded for the first 72 hours after thrombectomy. Latent variable mixture modeling was used to separate subjects into five groups with distinct postprocedural systolic blood pressure (SBP) trajectories. The primary outcome was functional status, measured on the modified Rankin Scale 90 days after stroke. Secondary outcomes included hemorrhagic transformation, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and death.

Results:

Two thousand two hundred sixty-eight patients (mean age [±SD] 69±15, mean National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale 15±7) were included in the analysis. Five distinct SBP trajectories were observed: low (18%), moderate (37%), moderate-to-high (20%), high-to-moderate (18%), and high (6%). SBP trajectory group was independently associated with functional outcome at 90 days (
P
<0.0001) after adjusting for potential confounders. Patients with high and high-to-moderate SBP trajectories had significantly greater odds of an unfavorable outcome (adjusted odds ratio, 3.5 [95% CI, 1.8–6.7],
P
=0.0003 and adjusted odds ratio, 2.2 [95% CI, 1.5–3.2],
P
<0.0001, respectively). Subjects in the high-to-moderate group had an increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (adjusted odds ratio, 1.82 [95% CI, 1–3.2];
P
=0.04). No significant association was found between trajectory group and hemorrhagic transformation.

Conclusions:
Patients with acute ischemic stroke demonstrate distinct SBP trajectories during the first 72 hours after EVT that have differing associations with functional outcome. These findings may help identify potential candidates for future blood pressure modulation trials.
Virtual and Open Integration of Culture for Education (VOICE) with Science Teacher Candidates from Korea during COVID-19
Authors: Yoon Jiyoon , Ko Yeonjoo , Lee Hyunju 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cultural competencies and confidence in teaching diverse students are needed to close achievement gaps between mainstream and minority students in science. In this study, an online teacher education program, Virtual and Open Integration of Culture for Education (VOICE), was designed to help retain teacher candidates’ science affinities and cultural competency during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thirty-two Korean teacher candidates were selected as culturally responsive instructors who were able to reduce their cultural bias and preferences about Korean culture and develop culturally responsive instruction. VOICE proceeded through (1) “collaborating,” by connecting seminar speakers worldwide; (2) “designing,” by creating culturally responsive science activities based on Korean culture; and (3) “performing,” by communicating with American students, teacher candidates, teachers, and parents. Pre- and post-survey results show that VOICE increased the teacher candidates’ cultural proficiency and interest in science. Guidelines for research on designing online programs to enhance teacher candidates’ science affinities and cultural competencies are provided.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Underweight Children
Authors: Johnson Courtney , Leavitt Taylor , Daram Shiva P. , Johnson Romaine F. , Mitchell Ron B. 
Published: November 2021

ObjectivesTo determine predictors of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in underweight children and to describe the demographic, clinical, and polysomnographic characteristics of an ethnically diverse population of underweight children with OSA.Study DesignCase‐control study.SettingUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Children’s Medical Center of DallasMethodsUnderweight children aged 2 to 18 years who underwent a polysomnogram for suspected OSA between January 2014 and December 2020 were included. Underweight was defined as body mass index <5th percentile per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Children with apnea‐hypopnea index <1.0 served as a control group. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of OSA. Significance was set at P <. 05.ResultsAn overall 124 children met inclusion criteria: mean age, 6.4 years; 50% female; 44% Hispanic, 31% African American, and 18% Caucasian. A total of 83 children had OSA (apnea‐hypopnea index ≥1.0). Height was negatively correlated with OSA (odds ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88‐0.99; P =. 02) while allergic rhinitis (odds ratio, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.24‐7.08; P =. 01) and tonsillar hypertrophy (odds ratio, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.42‐8.02; P =. 01) were predictors for the presence of OSA. No demographic or clinical characteristics were predictors for severe OSA.ConclusionUnderweight children with OSA, as compared with those without OSA, are more likely to have decreased height, tonsillar hypertrophy, and allergic rhinitis. There are no predictors of severe OSA in underweight children. We recommend polysomnography for the diagnosis of OSA in symptomatic underweight children with large tonsils, especially when they have a history of allergies.
Sortition-infused democracy: Empowering citizens in the age of climate emergency
Authors: Mulvad Andreas Møller , Popp-Madsen Benjamin Ask 
Published: November 2021

This article addresses two great global challenges of the 2020s. On one hand, the accelerating climate crisis and, on the other, the deepening crisis of representation within liberal democracies. As temperatures and water levels rise, rates of popular confidence in existing democratic institutions decline. So, what is to be done? This article discusses whether sortition – the ancient Greek practice of selecting individuals for political office through lottery – could serve to mitigate both crises simultaneously. Since the 2000s, sortition has attracted growing interest among activists and academics. Recently it has been identified in countries like the UK and France as a mechanism for producing legitimate political answers to the climate challenge. However, few theoretical reflections on the potentials and perils of sortition-based climate governance have yet emerged. This article contributes to filling the gap. Based on a critique of the first successful case of sortition used to enhance national environmental policy – in Ireland in 2017–18 – we argue that sortition-based deliberation could indeed speed up meaningful climate action whilst improving the health of democratic systems. However, this positive outcome is not preordained. Success depends not only on green social movements getting behind climate sortition but also on developing flexible, context-specific designs that identify adequate solutions to a number of problems, including those of power (providing citizens’ assemblies with clear agenda-setting prerogatives beyond non-binding consultation); expertise (allowing assembly participants to influence which stakeholders and experts to solicit inputs from); and participation (engaging wider parts of the citizenry in the deliberative process).
Effect of Fuzheng Qingdu Therapy for Metastatic Gastric Cancer is Associated With Improved Survival: A Multicenter Propensity-Matched Study
Authors: Hou Chao , Yang Die , Zhang Yusen , Li Yifei , He Zhengfei , Dai Xiaojun , Lu Qingyun , Wang Shanshan , Zhang Xiaochun , Liu Yanqing 
Published: November 2021

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), specifically Fuzheng Qingdu (FZQD) therapy, on the survival time of metastatic GC patients. Patients and Methods Databases of medical records of 6 hospitals showed that 432 patients with stage IV GC were enrolled from March 1, 2012 to October 31, 2020. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to reduce the bias caused by confounding factors in the comparison between the TCM and the non-TCM users. We used a Cox multivariate regression model to compare the hazard ratio (HR) value for mortality risk, and Kaplan-Meier survival curve for the survival time of GC patients Results The same number of subjects from the non-TCM group were matched with 122 TCM-treated patients after PSM to evaluate their overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Median time of OS of TCM and non-TCM users were 16.53 and 9.10 months, respectively. TCM and non-TCM groups demonstrated a 1-year survival rate of 68.5% and 34.5%, 2-year survival rate of 28.6% and 3.5%, and 3-year survival rate of 17.8% and 0.0%, respectively. A statistical difference exists in OS between the 2 groups (χ2 = 33.39 and P < .0001). The PFS of TCM users was also longer than that of non-TCM users (χ2 = 4.95 and P = 0.026). Notably, Chinese herbal decoction, Shenmai and compound Kushen injections were commonly used for FZQD therapy. Conclusion This propensity-matched study showed that FZQD therapy could improve the survival of metastatic GC patients.
Does Warming Up With Wearable Resistance Influence Internal and External Training Load in National Level Soccer Players?
Authors: Uthoff Aaron , Bustos Aníbal , Metral Gustavo , Cronin John , Dolcetti Joseph , Rumpf Michael C. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Adding wearable resistance (WR) to training results in superior performance compared with unloaded conditions. However, it is unclear if adding WR during warm-up influences training load (TL) in the subsequent session. The aim of this research was to track TL in soccer players during the transition from late preseason to early in-season and examine whether adding WR to the lower leg during a warm-up influenced TL measures during warm-ups and on-field training sessions after WR was removed. Hypothesis: The addition of WR worn on the lower legs during an on-field warm-up would lead to decreases in relatively high-intensity external TL metrics, such as distance covered >6.11 m∙s−1 and acceleration and deceleration >/<3 m∙s−2 and increases in internal TL during the warm-up, yet would have little effect on the subsequent training session when WR was removed. Study Design: Matched-pair randomized design. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: A total of 28 soccer players were allocated to either a WR training (WRT = 14) or unloaded (control [CON] = 14) group. Both groups performed the same warm-up and on-field training for 8 weeks, with the WRT group wearing 200 g to 600 g loads on their lower leg during the warm-up. External TL was measured via global positioning system data and internal TL was assessed using session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE × time per session). Results: No statistically significant between-group differences ( P ≥ 0.05) were identified for any TL measurement during either warm-ups or training sessions. Lower leg WR resulted in trivial to moderate effects for all external TL metrics (−16.9% to 2.40%; d = −0.61 to 0.14) and sRPE (−0.33%; d = −0.03) during the warm-up and trivial to small effects on all external TL metrics (−8.95% to −0.36%; d = −0.45 to −0.30) and sRPE (3.39%; d = 0.33) during training sessions. Conclusion: Warming up with lower leg WR negatively affects neither the quality and quantity of the warm-up nor the subsequent training session once WR is removed. Clinical Relevance: Using WR on the lower leg during on-field warm-ups may be a means to “microdose” strength training while not unduly increasing TL. However, further research is needed to determine the influence of WR on strength qualities.
Arthroscopic Repair of a Posterior Midcapsular Rupture Causing Posterior Shoulder Instability
Authors: Yagnik Gautam P. , West Kevin , Sheth Bhavya K. , Vargas Luis , Uribe John W. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Gross posterior instability is rare and when found likely has an injury or deficiency to the posterior static restraints of shoulder associated with it. Traditionally, injuries to the posterior capsule have been difficult to diagnose and visualize with magnetic resonance imaging preoperatively, and very little literature regarding arthroscopic repair of posterior capsular tears exists currently. Indications: We present a repair of a posterior midcapsular and posterior labral tear in a 26-year-old man with recurrent left posterior shoulder instability using a novel all–arthroscopic technique. Technique Description: We performed a shoulder arthroscopy in a lateral decubitus position with the arm at 45° of abduction using standard posterior viewing and anterior working portals. Diagnostic arthroscopy revealed a large posterior midcapsular rupture approximately 2 cm lateral to the glenoid with an associated posterior labral tear. We created an accessory posterolateral portal with needle localization that was outside the capsular defect yet allowed access to the posterior labrum. Anatomic closure of the capsular tear was achieved arthroscopically with 3 interrupted No. 2 nonabsorbable sutures in a side–to–side fashion. Posterior labral repair and capsular shift were done to further address the instability using 2 knotless all–suture anchors percutaneously placed at the 7 o'clock and 9 o'clock position. We closed the posterior portal with a combination of curved and penetrating suture passers. Incisions were closed with interrupted 4-0 nylon. Postoperatively, the patient was placed in an ultra–sling for 4 weeks before physical therapy. We allowed light strengthening at 8 weeks, full strengthening at 12 weeks, and estimated return to sport at 4 months. Results: At 6 months postoperatively, the patient has regained symmetric motion, full strength, and has no residual pain or instability. Conclusion: Gross posterior instability is a rare and difficult condition to diagnose and manage. If no significant labral injuries are identified, injury to the posterior capsule must be considered and full assessment should be done when visualizing from the anterior portal. Repair of the posterior capsule is necessary and can be achieved all arthroscopically with this technique.