bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Annealing Process on the Dielectric and Tunable Properties of (Bi1.5Zn0.5)(Nb0.5Ti1.5)O7(BZNT) Thin Film
Authors: Ma Yijian , Hou Shuang , Lv Linfeng , Zhang Jiatian 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 (BZNT) thin films were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering. In this paper, by studying the phase structure, surface morphology, and dielectric properties of BZNT films, it is found that by increasing the initial temperature in the annealing process, the film formation quality, internal stress and dielectric properties of the film can be improved. and the best performance of the BZNT film is obtained under the annealing process at the initial temperature of 500°C. The tuning amount (Tu), Dielectric loss (Loss) and quality factor (FOM) are: 13.55 percent, 0.00298 and 45.46, respectively.
The influence of the structural parameters of polycarboxylate superplasticizer on the dispersion and adsorption
Authors: Zhu Shaohong , Lin Yanmei , Fang Yunhui , Ke Yuliang , Lai Huazhen , Chen Hao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Polycarboxylate superplasticizers with different structural parameters were synthesized by isobutylene polyoxyethylene ether, acrylic acid and ammonium persulfate as raw materials from the perspective of molecular design. The influence of polycarboxylate superplasticizer on cement adsorption was characterized by cement adsorption capacity test and fluidity test, etc. At the same time, the adsorption change of polycarboxylate superplasticizer on the surface of cement particles was also revealed. It was found that the best adsorption and dispersion properties on cement paste were obtained under the heating synthesis process when the structure of the water reducing agent was designed to have a weight average molecular weight of 55128, a macromonomer conversion rate of 84.61%, and a side chain density of 0.1725. For the normal temperature process, when the weight average molecular weight was 103920, the macromonomer conversion rate 92.03%, and the side chain density 0.3115, the best effects in cement can be achieved.
Recent Advances in Copper Polycrystal Film’s Grain Boundaries Behavior and Its Influence in Properties with Molecular Dynamic Simulation
Authors: Lei Tong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Abstract.Copper polycrystal film(CPF) is accepted as a promising material for electroplated film in semiconductor devices for its outstanding conductivity and ductility as well as the good resistance to elector-migration. However, the film material attains a rapid failure in the working environment, and hence the failure mechanism and the fabrication methods require more exploration. In previous studies, it is convinced that grain boundaries(GBs) movement and its interaction with twining boundaries(TBs) and dislocations have a great influence on the failure process. In this study, the applications of Molecular Dynamic(MD) Simulation in the research of CPF have been introduced. The GBs behaviour including deformation of the GBs and the interaction between GBs and TBs that is observed by dislocation extraction algorithm(DXA) has been summarized, and its relation to the properties such as yield strength and the roughness of growth has been discussed. And the best condition to construct a CPF with magnetron sputtering method is concluded to have substrates in 700K as well as low misorientation with grains under incident atoms of large enough kinetic energy and vertical incident angle.
A Research of Stereo-Selective Synthesis of Silica-based Amphiphilic Janus Particles
Authors: Wang Shichao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Because Janus particles with specific asymmetric nanostructures can be fixed in the oil phase or water respectively, they are more suitable for Pickering emulsion stability. Furthermore, the complete separation of hydrophobic and hydrophobic regions makes adjusting the hydrophobic/hydrophobic region ratio possible by changing the volume ratio. In this study, the preparations of three asymmetric silicon-based amphiphilic Janus nanoparticles are introduced. The methods used are consecutive immobilization, seed emulsion polymerization, and selective encapsulation, respectively. Complete compartmentalization of hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains was realized by anchoring silica with nucleation site, seed emulsion polymerization, or surface charge repulsion. In addition, these nanoparticles can be easily functionalized, bringing new research opportunities to applications in catalysis, adsorption, separation and biomedicine.
Trace Scandium addition on the strength and thermal stability of TiB2 particles reinforced Al-4.5 Cu composites
Authors: Zhang Yunliang , Yu Wentao , Wang Xinliang , Xue Yanqing 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Strategies employed for developing ultrahigh strength and scalable ductile particles reinforced aluminium-copper matrix composites (AMCs) are highly desirable and grandly challenging. In the present paper, the Scandium (Sc) micro-alloying TiB2 particles reinforced Al-4.5 Cu composites were successfully fabricated by the optimized salt-metal reaction method. The observed microstructures displayed that Sc addition could remarkably ameliorate the dispersion of TiB2 particles, enlarge equiaxed α-Al grain zone and refine the grains on the basis of TiB2 heterogeneous nucleation. In particular, for the 0.4 wt.% Sc microalloyed 5%TiB2/Al-4.5Cu composites, more than a 20 %, 87 %, and 118 % increase in the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), fracture strain elongation (%) and microhardness (HV), respectively were found with respect to the 3 %TiB2/Al-4.5Cu composites at room temperature (298K). The improved mechanical properties of strength-ductility synergy were mainly thanks to the homogeneous distribution of TiB2 particles and modification of Al2Cu phase. Moreover, proper Sc also enhanced the elevated-temperature mechanical properties of the composites with the aid of the accelerated precipitation of θ′ phase and much lower coarsens rate.
The Effect of 3D Printing Process Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of PLA Parts
Authors: Xu Jiangmin , Xu Fan , Gao Ge 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Taking the PLA molded by FDM as the research object, the influence of various process parameters on mechanical properties is investigated through comparative experiments, which provides reference and help for the promotion and application of FDM molding technology. During the molding process, the PLA material undergoes the process of melting to solidification, thus the performance of the molded part is worse than the original due to thermal shrinkage and other reasons. To improve the quality and mechanical properties of the molded parts, the experiment is designed using an orthogonal test method in parallel with nine different sets of process parameters (layer thickness, build direction, filling speed, and infill density, etc.). Ultimately, the mechanical properties of PLA are tested and the results are analyzed respectively to determine the main factors affecting the mechanical properties and their optimal level combination. Among them, fill rate is the crucial factor in compressive property, while build direction has a significant effect on surface roughness, tensile property and bending property.
The Research on Anti-DC current Transformer of Dual Iron Core Structure with Air Gap
Authors: Lin Zhongai , Zhang Xingyi , Tang Biao , Shen Feng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Current transformer (CT) is wildly used in electrical measurement and relay protection. In order to improve the power system stability in DC bias, the CT performance of anti-DC is necessarily to be enhanced. Based on the Jiles-Atherton theory, the magnetization characteristics of iron core with different air gap was analyzed in this paper. A simulation model was established using the Simulink toolbox, and the ratio error and angle error were investigated in different air gap length. Simulation result shows that the maximum magnetic density of iron core almost stays uncharged with the addition of air gap. Furthermore the slope of magnetization curve decreased, which leads to the increase of iron core saturation current. Current transformer with closed and air gap iron core possesses a stable measurement error in condition of severe DC bias.
Numerical analysis of heat transfer enhancement in pulsating flow pipes
Authors: En Jianfeng , Ma Ziyao , Jia Siran , Mu Jie , Gao Zhenbang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a rectangular flow runner is used as the research object to study the influence of adding a spoiler on the wall of the flow runner on its heat transfer characteristics and flow characteristics. Using the finite element method to analyse the influence of different spoiler’s structures and parameters of the spoilers on the heat transfer characteristics and flow characteristics of the flow runner, the study found that: by the comparison of the smooth flow runner and the rectangular spoiler flow runner, the comprehensive heat exchange effect of the spoiler runner is the best when the arc is arranged in the flow runner, and the accumulation effect of impurities in the runner is the slowest.
Analysis and Research on Fracture Cause of Fixed Shaft of Torsion Arm of Wind Turbine Gearbox
Authors: Yun Feng , Zhao Xiaochun , Liu Chunyu , Liu Jun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In a wind power plant of a wind power plant limited liability company, the fixed shaft of the torsion arm of the gear box broke during the operation of a wind power generator set. In order to find out the cause of fracture, the fracture fixed shaft of torsion arm was comprehensively detected and analyzed by means of appearance morphology analysis, chemical composition analysis, mechanical properties testing, microstructure testing and fracture micro-area analysis. The results show that the main reasons for the fracture of the fixed shaft of the torsion arm of the fan gear box are as follows: improper heat treatment process of the fixed shaft of the torsion arm of the gear box causes a large amount of massive ferrite in the material structure, resulting in insufficient strength of the material; the inclusion in the material is serious, resulting in unqualified impact toughness; Shaft surface surfacing Cr - Mn stainless steel material causes the fusion zone C migration form brittle layer, at the same time the vast difference between the state of welding layer and substrate organization fusion zone caused by larger remnants stress, the embrittlement in bond layer to form the intergranular crack crack source, and in the process of the equipment operation under the action of cyclic torsional and impact load, Cracks propagate in a fatiguing manner and lead to eventual fracture.
Application of analytic hierarchy Process in abnormal vibration of Marine machinery
Authors: Zhang Junwei , Xiao Bowen , Cai Miaomiao , Fang Jiangyu , Nie Zeguang , Wang Jiaqi , Xia Mengsheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper will use analytic hierarchy process to evaluate abnormal vibration of diesel engine in operation. The possible abnormal vibration factors of diesel engine in use are further analyzed to ensure the normal operation of diesel engine in use. Combined with analytic hierarchy process, the hierarchical structure model is determined, and the problems are analyzed from different angles to reduce the influence of subjective factors.
The microstructure and properties of Mo alloying layer after surface alloying treatment induced by continuous scanning electron beam process
Authors: Ren Xulong , Wang Rong , Zhang Jing , Wei Deqiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Surface alloying by scanning electron beams can improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of steel. In this study. Four electron energy densities were selected during the alloying process: E1 = 1.5J/cm2, E2 = 2.9J/cm2, E3 = 4.5J/cm2 and E4 = 5.9J/cm2. The obtained results show that the sample surface is composed of alloying zone and heat-affected zone. The microstructure of the alloy zone is concealed acicular martensite and molybdenum carbide particles. The microhardness of this area is 1250HV. The sample treated with an energy density of 5.9J/cm2 has the least amount of wear. After alloying treatment, the microhardness and wear amount of the scanned samples are significantly improved.
Study on Mechanical Properties of crack Healing of low carbon Steel based on cyclic Phase Transformation Heat treatment
Authors: Chu Lei 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of materials, metal materials are used less and less, but at this stage, metal materials are still widely used, and iron and steel materials are the most widely used. Cracks often appear in the process of metal material processing and use, and these cracks will have a certain impact on the use of metal materials. The existence of microcracks will affect the mechanical properties of materials to some extent, but in most cases, the mechanical properties of materials will be greatly reduced, and in serious cases, metal materials will break directly in the process of use or processing. The crack healing process needed after the emergence of cracks can effectively change this situation, but so far, the research on metal crack healing is still not perfect. In this paper, taking the internal crack of low carbon steel as the object, the recovery of mechanical properties of low carbon steel by cyclic phase transformation heat treatment was studied. The results show that with the increase of the healing area, the microhardness of the area after crack healing also increases, and the tensile strength of the specimen also increases after the healing. When the healing area is similar, increasing the healing time and temperature will result in grain coarsening, resulting in the decrease of microhardness and tensile strength in the crack healing zone.
Predicting protein stability changes upon single-point mutation: a thorough comparison of the available tools on a new dataset
Authors: Pancotti Corrado , Benevenuta Silvia , Birolo Giovanni , Alberini Virginia , Repetto Valeria , Sanavia Tiziana , Capriotti Emidio , Fariselli Piero 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Predicting the difference in thermodynamic stability between protein variants is crucial for protein design and understanding the genotype-phenotype relationships. So far, several computational tools have been created to address this task. Nevertheless, most of them have been trained or optimized on the same and ‘all’ available data, making a fair comparison unfeasible. Here, we introduce a novel dataset, collected and manually cleaned from the latest version of the ThermoMutDB database, consisting of 669 variants not included in the most widely used training datasets. The prediction performance and the ability to satisfy the antisymmetry property by considering both direct and reverse variants were evaluated across 21 different tools. The Pearson correlations of the tested tools were in the ranges of 0.21–0.5 and 0–0.45 for the direct and reverse variants, respectively. When both direct and reverse variants are considered, the antisymmetric methods perform better achieving a Pearson correlation in the range of 0.51–0.62. The tested methods seem relatively insensitive to the physiological conditions, performing well also on the variants measured with more extreme pH and temperature values. A common issue with all the tested methods is the compression of the $\Delta \Delta G$ predictions toward zero. Furthermore, the thermodynamic stability of the most significantly stabilizing variants was found to be more challenging to predict. This study is the most extensive comparisons of prediction methods using an entirely novel set of variants never tested before.
Modulation of pacemaker channel function in a model of thalamocortical hyperexcitability by demyelination and cytokines
Authors: Chaudhary Rahul , Albrecht Stefanie , Datunashvili Maia , Cerina Manuela , Lüttjohann Annika , Han Ye , Narayanan Venu , Chetkovich Dane M , Ruck Tobias , Kuhlmann Tanja , Pape Hans-Christian , Meuth Sven G , Zobeiri Mehrnoush , Budde Thomas 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A consensus is yet to be reached regarding the exact prevalence of epileptic seizures or epilepsy in multiple sclerosis (MS). In addition, the underlying pathophysiological basis of the reciprocal interaction among neuroinflammation, demyelination, and epilepsy remains unclear. Therefore, a better understanding of cellular and network mechanisms linking these pathologies is needed. Cuprizone-induced general demyelination in rodents is a valuable model for studying MS pathologies. Here, we studied the relationship among epileptic activity, loss of myelin, and pro-inflammatory cytokines by inducing acute, generalized demyelination in a genetic mouse model of human absence epilepsy, C3H/HeJ mice. Both cellular and network mechanisms were studied using in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological techniques. We found that acute, generalized demyelination in C3H/HeJ mice resulted in a lower number of spike–wave discharges, increased cortical theta oscillations, and reduction of slow rhythmic intrathalamic burst activity. In addition, generalized demyelination resulted in a significant reduction in the amplitude of the hyperpolarization-activated inward current (Ih) in thalamic relay cells, which was accompanied by lower surface expression of hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, and the phosphorylated form of TRIP8b (pS237-TRIP8b). We suggest that demyelination-related changes in thalamic Ih may be one of the factors defining the prevalence of seizures in MS.
Worldwide diversity, association potential, and natural selection in the superimposed taste genes, CD36 and GNAT3
Authors: Ramirez Vicente A , Wooding Stephen P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
CD36 and GNAT3 mediate taste responses, with CD36 acting as a lipid detector and GNAT3 acting as the α subunit of gustducin, a G protein governing sweet, savory, and bitter transduction. Strikingly, the genes encoding CD36 and GNAT3 are genomically superimposed, with CD36 completely encompassing GNAT3. To characterize genetic variation across the CD36-GNAT3 region, its implications for phenotypic diversity, and its recent evolution, we analyzed from ~2,500 worldwide subjects sequenced by the 1000 Genomes Project (1000GP). CD36-GNAT3 harbored extensive diversity including 8,688 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 414 indels, and other complex variants. Sliding window analyses revealed that nucleotide diversity and population differentiation across CD36-GNAT3 were consistent with genome-wide trends in the 1000GP (π = 0.10%, P = 0.64; FST = 9.0%, P = 0.57). In addition, functional predictions using SIFT and PolyPhen-2 identified 60 variants likely to alter protein function, and they were in weak linkage disequilibrium (r2 &lt; 0.17), suggesting their effects are largely independent. However, the frequencies of predicted functional variants were low (P¯ = 0.0013), indicating their contributions to phenotypic variance on population scales are limited. Tests using Tajima’s D statistic revealed that pressures from natural selection have been relaxed across most of CD36-GNAT3 during its recent history (0.39 &lt; P &lt; 0.67). However, CD36 exons showed signs of local adaptation consistent with prior reports (P &lt; 0.035). Thus, CD36 and GNAT3 harbor numerous variants predicted to affect taste sensitivity, but most are rare and phenotypic variance on a population level is likely mediated by a small number of sites.
Temporal Dynamics of Anti–Type 1 Interferon Autoantibodies in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019
Authors: Shaw Elana R , Rosen Lindsey B , Cheng Aristine , Dobbs Kerry , Delmonte Ottavia M , Ferré Elise M N , Schmitt Monica M , Imberti Luisa , Quaresima Virginia , Lionakis Michail S , Notarangelo Luigi D , Holland Steven M , Su Helen C 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Binding levels and neutralization activity of anti–type 1 interferon autoantibodies peaked during acute coronavirus disease 2019 and markedly decreased thereafter. Most patients maintained some ability to neutralize type 1 interferon into convalescence despite lower levels of binding immunoglobulin G. Identifying these autoantibodies in healthy individuals before the development of critical viral disease may be challenging.
Next-Generation Sequencing–Based Analysis of Urine Cell-Free mtDNA Reveals Aberrant Fragmentation and Mutation Profile in Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhou Kaixiang , Liu Yang , Yuan Qing , Lai Dong , Guo Shanshan , Wang Zhenni , Su Liping , Zhang Huanqin , Wang Xiangxu , Guo Wenjie , Ji Xiaoying , Gu Xiwen , Huang Qichao , Guo Xu , Xing Jinliang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany studies have demonstrated the high efficacy of cell-free nuclear DNA in cancer diagnostics. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) exhibits distinct characteristics, including multiple copies per cell and higher mutation frequency. However, the potential applicability of cell-free mtDNA (cf-mtDNA) in plasma and urine remains poorly investigated.MethodsHere, we comprehensively analyzed the fragmentomic and mutational characteristics of cf-mtDNA in urine and plasma samples from controls and cancer patients using next-generation sequencing.ResultsCompared to plasma cf-mtDNA, urine cf-mtDNA exhibited increased copy numbers and wider spread in fragment size distributions. Based on 2 independent animal models, urine cf-mtDNA originated predominantly from local shedding and transrenal excretion. Further analysis indicated an enhanced fragmentation of urine cf-mtDNA in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Using the mtDNA sequence of peripheral blood mononuclear cells for reference, the mutant fragments were shorter than wild-type fragments in urine cf-mtDNA. Size selection of short urine cf-mtDNA fragments (&lt;150 bp) significantly enhanced the somatic mutation detection. Our data revealed remarkably different base proportions of fragment ends between urine and plasma cf-mtDNA that also were associated with fragment size. Moreover, both RCC and CRC patients exhibited significantly higher T-end and lower A-end proportions in urine cf-mtDNA than controls. By integrating the fragmentomic and mutational features of urine cf-mtDNA, our nomogram model exhibited a robust efficacy for cancer diagnosis.ConclusionsOur proof-of-concept findings revealed aberrant fragmentation and mutation profiles of urine cf-mtDNA in cancer patients that have diagnostic potential.
Excessive Apoptosis in Ulcerative Colitis: Crosstalk Between Apoptosis, ROS, ER Stress, and Intestinal Homeostasis
Authors: Wan Yue , Yang Lei , Jiang Shu , Qian Dawei , Duan Jinao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC), an etiologically complicated and relapsing gastrointestinal disease, is characterized by the damage of mucosal epithelium and destruction of the intestinal homeostasis, which has caused a huge social and economic burden on the health system all over the world. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, including environmental factors, genetic susceptibility, epithelial barrier defect, symbiotic flora imbalance, and dysregulated immune response. Thus far, although immune cells have become the focus of most research, it is increasingly clear that intestinal epithelial cells play an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of UC. Notably, apoptosis is a vital catabolic process in cells, which is crucial to maintain the stability of intestinal environment and regulate intestinal ecology. In this review, the mechanism of apoptosis induced by reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as excessive apoptosis in intestinal epithelial dysfunction and gut microbiology imbalance are systematically and comprehensively summarized. Further understanding the role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of UC may provide a novel strategy for its therapy in clinical practices and the development of new drugs.