bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’éducation problématique du citoyen
Authors: Billouet Pierre 
Published: June 2021

L’éducation du citoyen n’est pas problématique si l’homme est naturellement citoyen (Platon) : le bien de l’État et le bien de l’individu sont en harmonie. Mais si la citoyenneté suppose un contrat social, peut-on cultiver l’enfant pour qu’il devienne un citoyen libre ? Ce problème est travaillé à partir de Rousseau qui, d’une part indique comment cultiver l’enfant et d’autre part donne la définition classique du concept de l’autonomie du citoyen. L’article montre à travers différentes interprétations qu’Émile ne peut pas être le citoyen du Contrat Social. Le problème est retravaillé avec Kant, qui pense l’autonomie en tant que bien suprême. Les limites des solutions rousseauiste et kantienne conduisent à formuler deux hypothèses dans le contexte de l’éducation française.
The Role of the Postcolonial Indian Writer in Promoting Hinduism with Reference to Mysticism
Authors: Weerasena K. S. A. 
Published: June 2021

Postcolonial Indian writing is heavily influenced by the religion of the colonizers and socio-cultural practices of the Westerners. Many studies are conducted to understand how postcolonial literature attempts to counteract alienation by asserting the richness and validity of native cultures in an effort to restore pride in indigenous practices and traditions. However, little research has been conducted to understand the role of the postcolonial Indian writers in glorifying their native cultures and religions which led to identify their works with mysticism. This paper explores the cultural hybridity of the postcolonial Indian writers and their effort to highlight the importance of Indian identity, culture and Hinduism which result the outside readers to identify their works with a touch of mysticism. Though the term “mysticism” is also associated with Christianity, this paper will look in to mysticism associated with post colonialism, Hindu religious practices and beliefs, Hindu gods and myths. The methodology of this study selects two instruments. Referring to the postcolonial texts: The Serpent and the Rope by Raja Rao and Midnight’s Children by Salman Rushdie, this paper builds an understanding about mysticism associated with Hinduism. It also explores the effort of the postcolonial writers to situate and promote Hinduism among the world religions which assigned connotations of mysticism and superstition in their writing.
Levels of PAHs in shrimps, Penaeus monodon from Jones Creek southern Nigeria
Authors: Ukpebor J. , Ejeomo C. 
Published: June 2021

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in shrimp samples (Penaeus monodon) of Jones Creek southern Nigeria during the rainy and dry seasons and analysed for 16 priority PAHs. The ΣPAHs ranged from 0.073 to 0.800 mg/kg for shrimp samples collected for the 18 month duration of this study. Fluorene and anthracene were the most dominant PAH observed with concentrations of 0.084 ± 0.010 mg/kg and 0.059 ± 0.007 mg/kg respectively. Fluorene was also the most detected PAH comprising 21.91% of the 16 PAHs detected while benzo(g,h,i)perylene was the least with 0.02%. The source of contamination is closely related to human activities such as domestic and industrial discharges, refining activities and street runoff. High concentrations were recorded during the rainy season and during the first quarter of the year. The investigated samples were classified as minimally contaminated when compared with FDA levels of PAHs in shrimp samples. Distribution patterns showed that PAHs with 3 and 4 rings dominated confirming the pyrogenic source of the detected PAH. Diagnostic ratios such as phenanthrene/anthracene and benzo(a)anthracene/chrysene were achieved to evaluate the emission sources of PAHs. These ratios indicated a pyrolytic source of PAHs for sediments, as well as a pyrolytic or pyrogenic origin of the PAHs detected in the shrimp samples obtained within the study area.Key words: PAHs, sediment, shrimps, cancer risk, diagnostic ratio.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of principal lipid-soluble components of Pinellia ternate fermented with Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger and Meyerozyma guillermondii
Authors: Wang Lin , Sun Jiabin , Yue Meiying , Wang Jin , Huang Qinwan , Lan Zelun 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To study the differences in lipid-soluble compounds from naturally-fermented Rhizoma Pinelliae fermentata (BXQ) samples, and fermentation products of BXQ using pure cultures of Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, and Meyerozyma guillermondii.
Methods: First, unfermented BXQ (CTFJ-Q), traditional, naturally-fermented BXQ (CTFJ-H), and fermentation products of BXQ using pure cultures of Bacillus subtilis (XJFJ), Aspergillus niger (MJFJ), and Meyerozyma guillermondii (JMJFJ) were obtained. Their lipid-soluble components were then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology and principal component analysis (PCA).
Results: GC-MS results showed that there were 26, 24, 27, 31 and 32 types of chemical components in CTFJ-Q, CTFJ-H, XJFJ, MJFJ and JMJFJ, respectively. Furthermore, PCA revealed that samples obtained using fermentation with pure cultures of the three microorganisms had unique chemical components.
Conclusion: These results suggest that the microorganisms used for fermentation greatly influence the lipid-soluble components of BXQ. This finding is considered beneficial for the optimization of BXQ fermentation process.
Synthesis and cytotoxicity studies on new pyrazolecontaining oxime ester derivatives
Authors: Karakurt Arzu , Bozbey Irem , Uslu Harun , Sari Suat , Özdemir Zeynep , Şalva Emine 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To synthesize a series of new 1-(2-naphthyl)-2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone oxime ester derivatives (5-12) with potential anticancer properties, and to determine their cytotoxic effects in mouse fibroblast and human neuroblastoma cell lines.
Methods: The title compounds were obtained through sodium salt reaction of 1-(naphthalene-2-yl)-2- (1H-pyrazol-1-yl)etanone oxime (4) with various acyl chlorides. The cytotoxic effects were evaluated by MTS colorimetric assay, while physicochemical descriptors were calculated using QikProp software.
Results: Most of the compounds showed approximately 50 – 60 % inhibition against SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells at 100 μM. Of these, compound 7a was the most active combination with an IC50 value of 85.94 µM. The toxic effect of the compounds on mouse fibroblast cell line was insignificant (p < 0.05) even when the dose was increased. The calculated physicochemical properties of the compounds were within drug-like chemical space.
Conclusion: The synthesized oxime ester derivatives with pyrazole ring exhibit selective toxicity to neuroblastoma cells without affecting healthy mouse fibroblast cells. The compounds proved to be druglike while their pharmacokinetic features were also encouraging, and were in line with in silico predictions.
Evaluation of pharmacy practice regulations in Nigeria: The pharmaceutical inspectors’ perspective
Authors: Oseni Yejide Olukemi 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To evaluate pharmacy practice laws and regulations in Nigeria and recommend ways to overcome the challenges facing its implementation.
Methods: Semi-structured questionnaire of 19 questions was administered to pharmaceutical inspectors of the Pharmacists Council of Nigeria (PCN) to assess pharmacy practice laws and regulations in terms of its mandate, the challenges in implementation and recommendations for amendment for legislative attention. Data were analyzed using simple descriptive statistics.
Results: Respondents (87.5%) were not satisfied with the existing laws and regulations and 56.3% agreed that they were inadequate to regulate the practice of pharmacy profession in Nigeria. Some respondents (37.5%) agreed that the laws and regulations were not specific on many issues that require regulation and enforcement while all of them (100%) agreed that the laws did not adequately capture offences and penalties for offenders. Half of the respondents (50%) were of the opinion that the name of the regulatory body poses a limitation to the regulation of its sub-cadre while 43.8% agreed that consistent court injunctions and litigation that occurred had hampered regulation of pharmacy practice as a whole.
Conclusion: The existing laws and regulations are inadequate to regulate the current pharmacy practice in Nigeria. Need for speedy review in order to meet up with the current reality in practice, wide publicity, increase manpower, adequate funding and strong legal backing of PCN activities were recommended.
Alendronate blocks human cholangiocarcinoma cell proliferation and migration
Authors: Buranrat Benjaporn , Prawan Auemduan , Senggunprai Laddawan , Kukongviriyapan Veerapol 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To explore the effect of alendronate on cell death and migration of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA).
Methods: Migration and cell death of CCA cells were determined using sulforhodamine B (SRB), colony formation, wound healing, and gelatin zymography assays. The mechanism of action of alendronate was studied with reverse-transcriptase polymerase reaction (RT-PCR) for gene expression and by Western blotting analysis for protein expression.
Results: Alendronate stimulated KKU-100 cell death in dose- and time-dependent manner, with low IC50 value, and significantly inhbited colony formation at doses of 5 - 100 µM. Moreover, alendronate at doses of 250 - 1000 µM significantly stimulated CCA apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and enhanced caspase 3 activity at a dose of 1000 µM. Moreover, at a dose of 250 µM, it significantly inhibited cell growth through induction of caspase 3 and p53, and reduction of protein expression levels of NF-ĸB. Furthemore, alendronate altered mevalonate (MVA) pathway via downregulation of Rac1 protein expression. In contrast, it significantly inhibited CCA cell migration, and reduced MMP 2 and MMP 9 levels at doses of 25 - 100 µM.
Conclusion: Alendronate may be useful as a novel drug for prevention and chemotherapy of CCA.
Bexarotene enhances heart structure and function in diabetic rats by inhibiting ventricular remodeling and cardiomyocyte apoptosis
Authors: Ma Ying , Li Yunfeng , Ren Yongqiang , Guo Xi 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To investigate the influence of bexarotene (Bex) on cardiac structure and function in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus (DM) rats, and the mechanism of action involved.
Methods: Four groups of Sprague Dawley rats (n = 40) were used: normal control, DM, DM+ Bex (10 mg/kg/day), and DM+ Bex (20 mg/kg/day) (n = 10). The DM rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of STZ. Cardiac structure and function of rats were determined and compared. Whole heart and left ventricle were weighed. The protein expressions of Bcl2 and Bax in rat myocardial tissue were determined using Western blotting.
Results: Compared to control group, there was significant reduction in the levels of IVSd (inlet ventricular septal defect) and LVPWd (left ventricle posterior wall in diastole) in DM group, but significant increase in these parameters in DM +Bex (20 mg/kg/day) group, relative to DM-treated rats (p < 0.05). Moreover, there were higher expression levels of Bcl2 and Bax in DM group, when compared with normal control, but Bcl2/Bax ratio was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Bcl2 and Bax levels in DM + Bex (20 mg/kg/day) group were significantly lower than those in DM group, while Bcl2/Bax ratio increased significantly (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Bexarotene improves the cardiac structure of DM rats by lowering blood glucose, and by inhibiting ventricular remodeling and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. These findings may be beneficial in the development of new anti-DM drugs.
Therapeutic effects of combined meloxicam and glucosamine sulfate treatment on patients with osteoarthritis, and its effect on serum CTX-Ⅰ, CTX-Ⅱ, COMP and MMP-3
Authors: Zhijun Lu , Rongchun Chen , Feixiang Lin , Yaohong Wu , Ning Liu , Shufang Zhang , Mingliang Zhong , Hongfa Zhong 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To study the therapeutic influence of meloxicam-glucosamine sulfate combination in patients with osteoarthritis and their effect on serum CTX-I, CTX-II, COMP and MMP-3.
Methods: A total of 88 patients with osteoarthritis were assigned to control (n = 44) and treatment groups (n = 44), using the random number table method. Control group was given 7.5 mg of meloxicam, while treatment group received 0.5 g of glucosamine sulfate capsule in addition to meloxicam. Both groups were treated continuously for 8 weeks. Serum levels of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II), cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) were compared for the two groups after treatment.
Results: Lysholm score significantly increased in the two groups after treatment. Serum CTX-I, CTX-II, COMP and MMP-3 in the two groups were significantly lower than before treatment, but the reductions were more pronounced in the treatment group (p < 0.05). During treatment, mild vomiting and pruritus of the skin appeared in both groups, but these were relieved after symptomatic treatment without any serious adverse reactions.
Conclusion: Treatment with a combination of meloxicam and glucosamine sulfate produces significant beneficial effects in patients with osteoarthritis by reduction of clinical symptoms, pain relief and reduction of serum CTX-I, CTX-II, MMP-3 and COMP.
Curcumin inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer cells by regulating miR-206/SNAI2 pathway
Authors: Zhao Pan , Zhang Chunjie , Xie Dafei , Pei Maowei 
Published: June 2021

Purpose: To examine the effects of curcumin on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via regulation of miR-206 and SNAI2 in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Relationship between SNAI2 and miR-206 and the effects of curcumin on related mechanisms were also identified.
Methods: Transwell assays were used to analyze cellular migration and invasion. Genes associated with changes in protein and mRNA expression were evaluated by western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription PCR analyses, respectively. The relationship between SNAI2 and miR-206 was determined using a dual luciferase assay.
Results: Curcumin inhibited cell metastasis, upregulated miR-206 expression, and decreased SNAI2 levels. Furthermore, miR-206 directly targeted SNAI2 and inhibited EMT via downregulation of SNAI2 expression. Curcumin inhibited EMT in CRC cells by upregulating miR-206.
Conclusion: This study, for the first time, discovered the role of curcumin on epithelial-mesenchymal transition process in colorectal cancer cells by modulating miR-206/SNAI2 axis. These findings suggest that curcumin may be useful as a novel therapeutic agent to inhibit the metastasis of CRC.
Jaber: Reflections on a Luo Aesthetic Expression
Authors: Pido O 
Published: June 2021

As a common expression, the Luo word jaber seems to be ordinary or even casual, yet it is a capsule of profound ideas within the context of Luo aesthetics. Jaber literally means “a person of beauty”: it is often used to describe females who have exceptional physical qualities that make them outstandingly attractive and deeply pleasurable to look at. The article advances the view that the term jaber offers us a key to understanding the aesthetics of the Luo of Kenya and of Western Nilotic-speakers in general. The author drew from personal experience, informal interviews, unpublished songs and existing literature as a basis for description and analysis of jaber. The picture that emerged suggested that visual beauty is only one layer of the meaning of jaber. Exploration of other layers and meanings in a broad context revealed that the expression points to aesthetic ideals, and can therefore be regarded as artistic. Dholuo speakers use the term to express appreciation of what they see, hear and feel; but it is also an intellectual tool used to offer a critique of concrete and non-concrete objects. The article is a contribution to the discourse on East African aesthetics. Key WordsJaber, beautiful, aesthetic expression, verbal communication, Luo
Personhood in a Communitarian Context
Authors: Hallen B 
Published: June 2021

Theories regarding the nature and achievement of personhood in a communitarian context appear to differ in significant respects in the writings of several contemporary African philosophers. Ifeanyi Menkiti seems to regard ethnic differences as sufficient to warrant a national accommodation of multiculturalism with respect to moralities and attendant beliefs. Kwasi Wiredu argues that there is a substantive universal moral principle that undercuts such apparent and relatively superficial diversity. Communitarianism also seems to provide a better framework for explaining how a human being becomes a person than classical liberal theory as enunciated by someone like John Rawls. KeywordsCommunitarianism, liberalism, multiculturalism, personhood, Masolo, Menkiti, Rawls, Wiredu
Determinan Perilaku Pengelolaan Keuangan Mahasiswa Pendidikan Akuntansi UNIPMA
Authors: Amalia Ratri Diska , Utomo Supri Wahyudi , Sulistyowati Nur Wahyuning 
Published: June 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Determinan Perilaku Pengelolaan Keuangan Mahasiswa Pendidikan Akuntansi UNIPMA. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Pendidikan Akuntansi UNIPMA angkatan 2016-2019 sebanyak 181 mahasiswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 125 mahasiswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan regresi linier berganda menggunakan SPSS 25.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Literasi Keuangan berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap Perilaku Pengelolaan Keuangan. Hal ini dibuktikan melalui uji parsial t menghasilkan nilai koefisien sig = 0.000 < 0.05. (2) Sikap Keuangan berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap Perilaku Pengelolaan Keuangan. Hal ini dibuktikan melalui uji parsial t menghasilkan nilai koefisien sig = 0.001 < 0.05. (3) Kontrol Diri berpengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap Perilaku Pengelolaan Keuangan. Hal ini dibuktikan melalui uji parsial t menghasilkan nilai koefisien sig = 0.000 < 0.05. (4) Literasi Keuangan, Sikap Keuangan, dan Kontrol Diri berpengaruh secara signifikan dan simultan terhadap Perilaku Pengelolaan Keuangan. Hal ini dibuktikan melalui uji simultan F menghasilkan nilai koefisien sig = 0.000 < 0.05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa harus meningkatkan literasi keuangan dengan mempelajari konsep dasar keuangan, serta meningkatkan sikap keuangan dan kontrol diri agar terhindar dari masalah keuangan dan mampu melakukan pengelolaan keuangan secara bijak dan berhati-hati.
Detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli in chickens
Authors: RAHMAN Wahidur , HOSSAİN Md. , ALİ Md. , SULTANA Tania , HOSSAIN K. M. Mozaffor 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Indiscriminate use of antibiotics in poultry farms increases the chance of antibiotic-resistant and ESBL producing bacteria in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study was undertaken to detect the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in chickens.
Materials and methods: A total of 60 cloacal swab samples (20 from commercial layer, 20 from commercial broiler, and 20 from commercial Sonali chickens) were collected from the Rajshahi district of Bangladesh. The E. coli was isolated from these samples and identified based on cultural, staining, and biochemical characteristics. The disk diffusion method was used to assay the antibiotic-resistant/sensitivity patterns of the isolated E. coli. Phenotypic detection of ESBL producing E. coli was also done.
Results: The prevalence of E. coli in chickens was 61.67% in the Rajshahi district of Bangladesh, where the prevalence was 60%, 60%, and 65% in a commercial layer, commercial broiler, and commercial Sonali chickens, respectively. The antibiotic sensitivity assay of E. coli isolated from commercial layer chickens showed 100%, 80%, 50%, 40%, and 40% resistant to amoxicillin, tetracycline, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime, respectively. E. coli isolated from commercial broiler chickens showed 100%, 100%, 60%, 50%, and 40% resistant to amoxicillin, tetracycline, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. E. coli isolated from commercial Sonali chickens showed 90%, 70%, 50%, 50%, and 40% resistant to amoxicillin, tetracycline, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime, respectively. In phenotypic detection, the overall prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli was 43.33%, where 40%, 50%, and 40% in the commercial layer, commercial broiler, and commercial Sonali chickens, respectively in the Rajshahi district of Bangladesh.
Conclusion: These results indicated that chickens are a potential reservoir for ESBL producing E. coli and their antibiotic resistances are obviously significant. These findings will help us to make a proper guideline for the treatment, prevention, and control of E. coli prevalent in chickens in Bangladesh
PENGARUH DANA PIHAK KETIGA (DPK) DAN PEMBIAYAAN MURABAHAH TERHADAP PROFIT DENGAN NON PERFOMING FINANCING (NPF) SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING PADA KJKS BMT DI TANAH DATAR
Authors: Anisa Anisa Marseli 
Published: June 2021

Pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pengaruh Dana Pihak Ketiga (DPK) dan pembiayaan murabahah terhadap profit dengan NPF sebagai variabel intervening dengan tujuan untuk mempertegas dan memperkuat teori yang ada. Total sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 3 KJKS BMT di Tanah Datar. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan studi dokumentasi yaitu laporan keuangan KJKS BMT di Tanah Datar tahun 2013-2018. Teknik analis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Path Analysis atau analisis jalur. Hasil analisis jalur 1 terdapat pengaruh tidak langsung antara DPK terhadap profit melalui variebel endogen intervening yaitu pembiayaan bermasalah (NPF). Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh tidak langsungnya lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan pengaruh langsungnya. Hasil analisis jalur 2 antara pembiayaan murabahah terhadap profit, variabel NPF tidak berperan sebagai variabel intervening. Artinya pembiayaan murabahah berpengaruh secara langsung terhadap profit.
The Big Goodbye
Authors: Wasson Sam 
Published: June 2021

Sight & Sound's #1 Film Book of 2020
Chinatown is the Holy Grail of 1970s cinema. Its ending is the most notorious in American film and its closing line of dialogue the most haunting. Here for the first time is the incredible true story of its making. In Sam Wasson's telling, it becomes the defining story of its most colorful characters. Here is Jack Nicholson at the height of his powers, embarking on his great, doomed love affair with Anjelica Huston. Here is director Roman Polanski, both predator and prey, haunted by the savage murder of his wife, returning to Los Angeles, where the seeds of his own self-destruction are quickly planted. Here is the fevered deal-making of 'The Kid' Robert Evans, the most consummate of producers. Here too is Robert Towne's fabled script, widely considered the greatest original screenplay ever written. Wasson for the first time peels off layers of myth to provide the true account of its creation. Looming over the story of this classic movie is the imminent eclipse of the '70s filmmaker-friendly studios as they gave way to the corporate Hollywood we know today.