bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood samples for ammonia analysis do not require transport to the laboratory on ice: a study of ammonia stability and cause of in vitro ammonia increase in samples from patients with hyperammonaemia
Authors: Mercer-Smith Gavin W. , Appleton Marie , Hanon Élodie A. , Bowron Ann 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Prompt recognition of hyperammonaemia can avoid severe consequences of delayed treatment. Strict sample transport requirements present barriers to requesting and, if not achieved, rejection by the laboratory. Evidence is sparse on in vitro ammonia stability from studies using modern techniques or based in clinical settings. Stability in hyperammonaemic samples is unknown. This study aimed to examine ammonia stability and its source in samples from hyperammonaemic patients and to determine a clinically significant change to establish acceptable sample requirements for ammonia analysis.

Methods
Blood samples were taken from 19 hyperammonaemic patients and placed either on ice or kept at room temperature. Plasma ammonia was measured every 10 min for 2 h. Haemolysis index (HI), full blood count, liver enzymes and amino acids were analysed. Expert physicians were surveyed on a clinically significant ammonia change. Stability was assessed using the reference change value (RCV).

Results
Ammonia increased with time [peak value 14.9 % (8.4–17.1), median (95 % confidence interval)], and was predominately of cellular origin. Ice did not improve stability and increased HI. Survey results found a significantly increased ammonia between 39 % (30–48) at 50 μmol/L and 21 % (15–28) at 1,000 μmol/L. Ammonia RCV was 40.8 %.

Conclusions
Chilling samples did not improve blood ammonia stability. The increase in blood ammonia from patients with hyperammonaemia over 2 h was lower than that considered clinically significant and the calculated RCV. Transport of samples for ammonia analysis does not require ice and laboratories should accept samples if received within 2 h of venepuncture.
Hormonal disorders in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Jalilzadeh Khalet Abad Solmaz , Kalashipour Chir Galavizh , Heydari Parivash , Fazilat Ahmad , Mortazavi Moghadam Fatemeh , Valilo Mohammad 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurobehavioral condition characterized by disruption of behavioral and emotional patterns in individuals with this condition. Given that various environmental and genetic factors play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of ASD, it can be said that ASD is a multifaceted disease. This study used scientific databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Semantic Scholar. In this review, we aimed to select manuscripts based on our field and relevant to the topic of our article. Emerging studies have shown that many neural, anatomical, and chemical factors play a role in the development of ASD. In this regard, an increasing body of studies has pointed out the relationship between chemical factors, including hormones, which play an important role in ASD. These hormones include melatonin, serotonin, thyroid, oxytocin, vasopressin, insulin-like growth hormone (IGF-1), etc. For instance, IGF-1 levels are low in ASD individuals, or melatonin levels are reduced in ASD individuals. Therefore, with take into account these findings, in this review, we decided to check over the association of these hormones to ASD and have a concise overview of their potential as therapeutic solutions to reduce the effects of ASD.
Optics of spatiotemporal optical vortices for atto- and nano-photonics
Authors: Porras Miguel A. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Understanding the intricate properties of spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs) is crucial for their growing number of applications, particularly where they drive light–matter interactions that can create up-converted STOV-like structures at attosecond and nanometer scales. We derive closed-form expressions for the propagation of STOVs, and spatiotemporal (ST) tilted Hermite-lobed (THL) pulses forming STOVs, through cascaded optical systems represented by ABCD matrices such as free space propagation, lenses, mirrors, similar in simplicity as those in Gaussian beam optics. STOVs and ST THL pulses are found to be spatial and temporal Fourier transform pairs at the same time, so that a STOV is a spatiospectral (SS) THL pulse in SS domain and a ST THL pulse is a SS vortex. This duality allow us to find expressions for the transformation of their spatiospectra through arbitrary optics, which is particularly important at the attosecond and nanometer scales, where ST characterization techniques are limited.
Spatiotemporal Moiré lattice light fields
Authors: Yu An-Zhuo , Zhang Wang , Chen Wei , Liu Yuan , Ma Chao-Qun , Yang Jia-Chen , Lu Yan-Qing 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Joint space-time modulation of light fields has recently garnered intense attention for enabling precise control over both spatial and temporal characteristics of light, leading to the creation of space-time beams with unique properties, such as diffraction-free propagation and transverse orbital angular momentum. Here, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate spatiotemporal Moiré lattice light fields by controlling the discrete rotational symmetry of a pulse’s spatiotemporal spectrum. Using a 4f pulse shaper and an x − ω modulation strategy, we generate tunable spatiotemporal Moiré patterns with varying sublattice sizes and confirm their diffraction-free behavior in time-averaged intensities. Additionally, we demonstrate spatiotemporal Moiré lattices carrying transverse orbital angular momentum. These findings provide a novel platform for studying spatiotemporal light–matter interactions and may open new possibilities for applications in other wave-based systems, such as acoustics and electron waves.
A systematic review on biomaterials and their recent progress in biomedical applications: bone tissue engineering
Authors: Baskaran Priyadarshini , Muthiah Balasubramanian , Uthirapathy Vijayalakshmi 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Over the past few decades, biomaterials have been used extensively in medical science. These biomaterials have effectively replaced a variety of bodily tissues found in the human body, including teeth, ligaments, bones, tendons, and others. The primary barrier to the adoption of biomaterials is immune rejection, as bone replacement and lifetime implants currently require biocompatibility in addition to the mechanical and biological properties of the biomaterial. Numerous materials are presently being researched and commercially accessible to preserve and restore physiological functioning; they are widely used in medical science and biotherapy. Novel biomaterials were developed in response to emerging therapeutic needs, and recently discovered biomaterials made it possible to undertake novel clinical applications. When it was recognized that biomaterials must have an essential quality biocompatibility, the term “biomaterials” was coined to refer to materials specifically designed for biomedical applications. Presently, biological tissues and materials generated from biology are also included. The current review looks at the scientific literature published on the subject while exploring the application of biomaterials. Lastly, a brief overview of some recent uses for biomaterials is given, along with predictions about their potential future use.
The Reverse Nordic
Authors: Weldon Anthony , Dos'Santos Thomas , Bright Thomas E. , Sapstead Gareth W. , Beato Marco , Lincoln Merrick A. 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
The reverse Nordic is a single joint (knee), controlled open kinetic chain exercise with a predominantly eccentric focus. This review summarizes the reverse Nordic, including exercise benefits, muscles involved, exercise technique, progressions, regressions, and programming strategies. Furthermore, this review outlines how strength and conditioning coaches can use the reverse Nordic within a training program to improve athletic performance and mitigate injury risk.
Selecting Velocity Measurement Devices: Decision-Making Guidelines for Strength and Conditioning Professionals
Authors: Nagatani Tsuyoshi , Guppy Stuart N. , Haff G. Gregory 
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT
Velocity-based training (VBT) is a programming method that has gained increasing popularity within the strength and conditioning profession. The increased interest in VBT has led to the development of numerous velocity measurement devices, potentially creating a dilemma for strength and conditioning professionals who seek to integrate VBT into their professional practice. The aim of this review was to provide strength and conditioning professionals with practical decision-making guidelines for selecting velocity measuring devices that align with their specific training requirements. In addition, we offer a comprehensive review of the various types of velocity measurement devices currently available in the consumer market.
Network meta-analysis comparing WALANT, locoregional, local and general anesthesia techniques in carpal tunnel release
Authors: Focsa Laurentiu-Cosmin , Bouché Pierre-Alban , Apard Thomas , Querel Daphné , Rousseau Marc-Antoine , Descamps Jules 
Published: January 2025

PurposeTo compare anesthesia techniques (WALANT (wide-awake anesthesia no tourniquet), locoregional anesthesia, local anesthesia with tourniquet or sedation) for carpal tunnel release (CTR).MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library up to May 2023. Two independent reviewers selected the studies and extracted the data. The primary outcomes included the pain experienced at the moment of anesthesia and during the surgery and the mean morphine equivalents (MME) administered following the surgery and overall patient satisfaction. Our secondary outcomes consisted of the mean room occupancy time and the mean duration of the procedure, followed by the complication rate. The review process was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.ResultsA total of 3166 studies were identified, which included 23 studies comparing various anesthesia types and 28,748 CTR surgeries. The WALANT group experienced significantly lower pain levels during anesthesia (−2.67 (95% CIs: 0.12–4.99)) and surgery (−2.04 (95% CIs: 0.08–4.07)) compared to the local anesthesia group. There was no difference in the use of MME for pain relief among different anesthesia techniques. Satisfaction rates were comparable, but WALANT exhibited the highest probability for utmost satisfaction. The mean room occupancy time was lower in patients receiving local anesthesia compared with when sedation was added, with a mean difference of −27.16 (95% CIs: −52.03 to −1.85).ConclusionsThe WALANT technique for CTR reported better outcomes for pain (during anesthesia and surgery), higher satisfaction and low probability to expand the operating room occupancy time.Level of evidenceLevel II of evidence.
Optimal timing for bilateral total knee arthroplasty: comparing simultaneous and staged procedures at various intervals: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Chang Cheng-Yang , Lee Kun-Han , Wang Jui-Chien , Tsai Shang-Wen , Chen Cheng-Fong , Wu Po-Kuei , Chen Wei-Ming 
Published: January 2025

PurposeA staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty (BTKA) procedure is considered when a patient is not deemed suitable for simultaneous BTKA due to concerns about the risk of mortality and complications. However, no network meta-analysis has been conducted to compare simultaneous vs staged BTKA procedures with different intervals in terms of postoperative mortality and overall complication rates.MethodsFour databases – Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science – were searched from inception to December 19, 2023, for studies comparing patients who underwent staged BTKA with different intervals and simultaneous BTKA. The primary outcome domains were 1-year mortality and 90-day overall complications. Secondary outcomes included neurological, cardiovascular, pulmonary, infectious and venous thromboembolic complications within 90 days.ResultsFifteen observational studies were included. Staged BTKA with intervals between 6 weeks and 3 months (odds ratio (OR): 0.69, 95% CI: 0.53–0.91), between 3 and 6 months (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53–0.84) and longer than 6 months (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.55–0.83) exhibited a lower mortality risk compared to simultaneous BTKA. Staged BTKA with an interval shorter than 6 weeks and longer than 6 months exhibited a higher risk of pulmonary (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.03–1.49; OR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.10–2.44) and infectious complications (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.15–1.96; OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.14–2.02) compared to simultaneous BTKA. An interval between 3 and 6 months ranked best in outcomes of 1-year mortality (P score = 0.7849) and 90-day complications (P score = 0.7077).ConclusionsStaged BKTA with an interval of more than 6 weeks but less than 6 months is associated with a lower risk of postoperative mortality and complications. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to potential biases inherent in the inclusion of nonrandomized studies.Level of EvidenceII
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with culture-negative osteoarticular infections: a meta-analysis based on cohort studies
Authors: Chen Xingguang , Liu Jue , Xue Mingfeng , Zhuang Ting , Yao Feng , Lu Jialing , Wang Xiaodong 
Published: January 2025

PurposePediatric osteoarticular infections (OAIs) are an orthopedic emergency that can lead to severe sequelae if not treated appropriately. Approximately half of the patients with OAIs in clinical practice fail to obtain microbiological results even after undergoing aspiration or surgery, which presents a significant challenge in clinical practice. The inability to identify pathogens can lead to incorrect antibiotic usage or under-treatment, increasing the risk of adverse outcomes. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of culture-negative OAIs compared to culture-positive OAIs through a meta-analysis, providing insights to optimize treatment strategies.MethodsA systematic search was conducted to identify cohort studies comparing the clinical characteristics and prognosis of children with culture-negative OAIs to those with culture-positive OAIs. The search encompassed the databases of Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc, Excerpta Medica Database, PubMed and the Cochrane Library, with the literature review extending up to March 2024. Data were extracted from eligible articles and assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale, and the articles were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsTwelve literature reports covering 1630 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Publication bias did not significantly affect the results. The incidence of long-term sequelae, temperature before admission, baseline laboratory indicators and possibility of surgery in the culture-negative group of patients were significantly lower than those in the culture-positive group. In addition, there were no significant differences in gender, age, race, trauma history, patient delay, antibiotic usage before admission or clinical symptoms between the two groups.ConclusionsChildren diagnosed with culture-negative OAIs generally demonstrated less severe systemic inflammatory responses, required shorter treatment durations, exhibited a reduced likelihood of requiring surgical intervention and were less prone to experience long-term functional impairments compared to children with culture-positive OAIs. However, no differences in patient characteristics and clinical symptoms were found between the two groups. Further large-scale studies are still required to validate these findings.Type of studyMeta-analysis.Level of evidenceLevel III.
Youth Homelessness in Denver, Colorado: 2017–2021
Authors: Westfall Matthew Y. , Padmanabhan Pranav , Wang Jianing , Nall Samantha K. , Stella Sarah A. , Kushel Margot , Belcher Christian , Davis Lanae , Versen Elysia , LeBeouf Whitney , Barocas Joshua A. 
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVES
Homelessness is a public health crisis in the United States, yet homelessness prevalence, especially among children and youth, is not well understood. In this study, we use an indirect estimation method known as multiple systems estimation to further evaluate prevalence of youth experiencing homelessness in Denver, Colorado.

METHODS
We performed a multiple systems estimation (“capture-recapture”) analysis to estimate annual homelessness among youth aged 14 to 17 years in the city and county of Denver, Colorado from 2017 to 2021. We used 3 citywide datasets linked at the individual level and stratified by year, as follows: (1) Denver-Metro Homeless Management Information System, (2) Denver Public Schools McKinney-Vento data, and (3) Colorado’s Statewide Automated Child Welfare Information System TRAILS. We identified “known” youth experiencing homelessness from the 3 datasets and developed log-linear models with calculated 95% CIs to estimate the unknown population. We combined these counts to estimate the total youth homeless population and stratified counts by race, ethnicity, and gender.

RESULTS
The known count of youth experiencing homelessness increased from 840 in 2017 to 1040 in 2021. We estimated the total number of youth experiencing homelessness increased from 2880 (95% CI, 2199–3290) in 2017 to 7084 (95% CI, 2826–9046) in 2021. This corresponds with an increase from 10.4% to 25.1% in the total prevalence of youth experiencing homelessness in Denver. We found 74.9% to 83.1% of youth experiencing homelessness were Black/African American or Hispanic.

CONCLUSIONS
The scope of youth homelessness increased notably and may be far greater than previously understood. Using multiple systems estimation may improve homelessness prevalence estimates and facilitate more effective resource allocation and service delivery.
Pleural Tuberculoma Presenting as a Solitary Pleural Mass in a Child
Authors: Watanabe Ayano , Sano Takehisa , Murayama Kenta , Shimura Nobuhiro , Nakagawa Emiko , Masuda Toshihiro , Fujii Masato 
Published: January 2025

Pleural tuberculoma is often observed during treatment for tuberculous pleurisy; however, this condition is rarely found as a solitary pleural nodule in patients without a history of tuberculosis treatment, and no cases have been reported in children. We report a case of a 12-year-old boy with pleural tuberculoma presenting as a solitary mass. He had a fever and cough that prompted chest radiography, which revealed a mass in the right lung. Symptoms improved with antibacterial medication; however, computed tomography (CT) revealed a 4.5-cm pleural mass that partially bordered the ribs. CT-guided biopsy revealed a necrotizing granuloma, but the real-time polymerase chain reaction result for Mycobacterium tuberculosis was negative. Malignant diseases, such as osteosarcoma, could not be ruled out; thus, surgical resection was performed, and pleural tuberculoma was diagnosed. The patient was treated with antituberculosis drugs for 6 months, and no recurrence was observed in the following 2 years. Pleural tuberculomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of solitary pleural tumors, especially in countries where tuberculosis is endemic.
Comparison of Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) between sevoflurane inhalation anesthetic and Propofol Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) in craniotomy surgery: a literature review
Authors: Rehi Petrus Devi Doko 
Published: January 2025

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/KigXgHWz0JU

Background: The common neuroaesthetics used for neurosurgery was inhalation of Sevoflurane and the newest, by continuous infusion of propofol called Total Intravenous Anesthetic (TIVA). Anesthesia procedures are one of the biggest healthcare expenditures in hospitals. Thus, finding the most effective and efficient anesthetic technique but in the same time can maintain patient safety is important. This literature review compares a cost-effective Sevoflurane and propofol TIVA analysis in craniotomy surgery.
Methods: This literature review was carried out by searching studies in three online databases consisted of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar using the keywords "sevoflurane inhalation anesthetic", "propofol total intravenous anesthesia", "TIVA”, “craniotomy’, "cost-effective analysis", and “pharmacoeconomic”. Appropriate studies were then carried out through a narrative synthesis analysis.
Results: The assessment of cost-effective analysis in anesthesia is broadly divided into fixed commodities and various commodities. The analysis found the highest use of costs in the TIVA group and the lowest in the isoflurane inhalation group. The high cost in the TIVA group was caused by propofol being the most expensive compared to other inhalation agents such as isoflurane and Sevoflurane. Based on the average intraoperative anesthetic cost, it was also found that the anesthetic cost per patient was Rp. 957,870,- for the TIVA propofol group and Rp. 1,318,130,- for the sevoflurane group. Sevoflurane use for induction and maintenance of anesthesia resulted in a further modest decrease in costs (especially if fresh gas flow was reduced early), primarily through less drug waste.
Conclusion: The cost-effective analysis showed that Sevoflurane was less expensive than propofol. Yet, in terms of pharmacoeconomics, using TIVA propofol results in much fewer PONV episodes, unplanned hospital admissions, and patient lengths of stay, all of which improve pharmacoeconomic benefits.
Effect of intravenous methylprednisolone on the degree of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in class III hypovolemic shock conditions performed continuous clamping in rats
Authors: Raharjo Suryo Wahyu , Lesmana Tomy 
Published: January 2025

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/9qgtSz73eyE

Introduction: Pringle maneuver is the choice of hepatic inflow occlusion, when blood circulation is reopened, reperfusion will occur which causes ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) which will result in liver tissue damage. Methylprednisolone injection plays a role in deactivating kupffer thereby preventing inflammatory reactions that will reduce hepatic IRI. This study aims to determine intravenous methylprednisolone's effect on the degree of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in class III hypovolemic shock where continuous clamping was performed.
Methods: Fifteen white rats (Rattus novergicus) underwent laparotomy, aspiration of blood up to 30% of the estimated blood volume (EBV) was carried out to prevent class III hypovolemic shock. The treatment group was given a single dose of 30 mg/kgBW methylprednisolone, while the control group received 30 mg/KgBW 0.9% sodium chloride. Then the Pringle maneuver continuous clamping is performed for up to 30 minutes and resuscitation of the aspirated blood back to the vena cava. On the 5th postoperative day, hepatic biopsy and total bilirubin were examined.
Results: Histopathological examination of the liver parenchyma as assessed by Suzuki's score showed a mean ± SD of the control group (K) 1.40 ± 0.91 while the treatment group (MP) 5.93 ± 1.03 with a p-value of 0.001 < 0.05. Total bilirubin results showed a mean ± SD of the control group (K) 0.21 ± 0.13 while the treatment group (MP) 0.22 ± 0.11 with a p-value of 0.477 > 0.05.
Conclusion: Intravenous methylprednisolone in rats that experienced ischemic/reperfusion injury after continuous clamping in class III hypovolemic shock did not reduce the degree of hepatic parenchymal damage assessed by Suzuki's histopathology score. However, it reduces the total bilirubin value.