bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Khat Extract (Catha edulis) on Corrosion Resistance of Co-Cr Dental Alloys
Authors: Al-Subari Rassam , Merzouk Nadia , Kabak Nasser , Guenbour Abdullah , Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali , Alhajj Mohammed Nasser 
Published: April 2021

Objective: The aim of this experimental study was to assess the effect of khat extract with different concentrations on the corrosion resistance of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) dental alloys used for removable denture. Material and Methods: The corrosion resistance of three Co-Cr alloys (Neobond II®, Kera 501® and PD Casta H®) was evaluated in artificial saliva in presence of three different concentrations of khat extracts. Fusayama-Meyer artificial saliva was used as a reference solution. The corrosion properties of the alloys were analyzed using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface analysis. The data was presented in means, standard deviations, and related figures. Comparison between the different concentrations was done using 1-way ANOVA test. The surface analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: the results showed that the corrosion resistance of the three alloys tested (Neobond II®, Kera 501® and PD Casta H®) decreased in artificial saliva containing khat extract compared with that of the reference solution. Additionally, the corrosion resistance of the three Co-Cr dental alloys decreased by increasing the concentration of khat extract. Furthermore, the results indicate that Neobond II® alloy showed the least corrosion resistance compared with that of Kera 501® and PD Casta H® alloys. Conclusion: Khat extract with different concentrations had negative impact on the corrosion resistance of Cr-Co alloys. More in-vivo studies are highly recommended to confirm the results of the present study

Keywords
Khat; Catha edulis; Partial denture; Corrosion resistance.
Knowledge Level of Iranian Dental Practitioners Towards Digital Radiography And Cone-Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Salemi Fatemeh , Shokri Abbas , Foroozandeh Maryam , Farhadian Maryam , Yeganeh Ayoub 
Published: April 2021

Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge level of Iranian dental practitioners about digital radiography(DR) andcone-beamcomputedtomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: In this crosssectional study, a researcher-designed questionnaire was administered among 180 general dentists and specialists. The questionnaire had three main domains of demographic information, fifteen questions about knowledge of DR (advantages, disadvantages, physical properties) and twenty six questions about knowledge of CBCT (indications, applications, advantages, route of knowledge acquisition). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: Of 180 participants, 76 (42.2%) were females. The minimum, maximum and mean± standard deviation scores obtained in DR were 4, 14, and 9.031 ± 1.85 and in CBCT were 0,26 and 18.56 ± 4.81, respectively. In the CBCT domain, the participants had maximum knowledge about “low radiation dose” (72.8%) and minimum knowledge about the “role of CBCT in determination of bone density” (45%). In DR domain, the participants had maximum knowledge about “no need for radiographic films” (75.6%) and minimum knowledge about “not requiring manual processing” (15.6%). Overall, participants had higher level of knowledge about CBCT than DR. An inverse correlation was noted between age and work experience with the number of correct answers. However, no significant difference was noted in the knowledge level of males and females regarding CBCT or DR (p = 0.233 and p = 0.227, respectively). Conclusions: further education seem imperative for dentists in this respect for more efficient diagnosis and treatment planning, minimize patient radiation dose and save time and cost.

Keywords
Digital radiography; Cone-Beam computed tomography; Knowledge; Dentists.
Carrying Capacity for Ruminant Based on Plantation Byproducts and Potency of Enteric Methane Emission
Authors: Tresia Gresy Eva , Puastuti Wisri , Inounu Ismeth 
Published: April 2021

Feed is one of the main pillars that need to be considered in optimizing production parameters in order to develop an efficient livestock business. Two aspects that need to be considered in order to make agricultural byproducts as a source of feed; those are the availability of raw materials for animal rations with high economic value and the function to reduce environmental pollution. Methane emissions are not only related to environmental problems, but also reflect the loss of some energy from livestock so that it cannot be used for the production process. The purpose of this paper is to review and estimate the carrying capacity for ruminant based on plantation by-products based feed and potential enteric methane emissions. The availability of feed from agricultural byproducts in Indonesia is estimated at 69.6 million tonnes of dry matter (DM), 34.8 million of total digestible nutrient (TDN), and 5 million tonnes of crude protein (CP)/year so it is estimated that it can accommodate 62.4 million livestock unit (LU) based on the DM availability or 39.1 million LU based on TDN availability or 51.6 million LU based on CP availability. From these calculations, it was found that the carrying capacity for ruminant in Indonesia could still be increased much greater than the current livestock population, namely 21.7-45 million livestock units if all byproducts are used entirely as components in rations. There are two groups of feed originating from plantation byproducts based on the potential for methane emissions produced, namely low (65-73 g CH4 / kg of material) and high (83-103 g CH4 / kg of material). Utilization of plantation byproducts as ruminant feed is expected to overcome the shortage of forage, especially during dry season. Utilization of these byproducts which in line with efforts to reduce methane emissions would enhance the development of livestock populations in friendly environment.
Civil liability for artificial intelligence products versus the sustainable development of CEECs: which institutions matter?
Authors: Godlewska Małgorzata , Morawska Sylwia , Banasik Przemysław 
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to conduct a meta-analysis of the EU and CEECs civil liability institutions in order to find out if they are ready for the Artificial Intelligence (AI) race. Particular focus is placed on ascertaining whether civil liability institutions such as the Product Liability Directive (EU) or civil codes (CEECs) will protect consumers and entrepreneurs, as well as ensure undistorted competition. In line with the aforementioned, the authors investigate whether the civil liability institutions of the EU and CEECs are based on regulations that can be adapted to the new generation of robots that will be equipped with learning abilities and have a certain degree of unpredictability in their behaviour. The conclusion presented in the paper was drawn on the basis of a review of the current literature and research on national and European regulations. The primary contribution that this article makes is to advance the current of the research concerning the concepts of AI liability for damage and personal injury. A second contribution is to show that the current civil liability institutions of the EU as well as the CEECs are not sufficiently prepared to address the legal issues that will start to arise when self-driving vehicles or autonomous drones begin operating in fully autonomous modes and possibly cause property damage or personal injury.
Elicitação com quitosana no crescimento e nos compostos voláteis de Mentha arvensis in vitro
Authors: De Oliveira Thainá , De Carvalho Alexandre Alves , Bertolucci Suzan Kelly Vilela , Rocha João Pedro Miranda , Cossa Melvis Celeste , Pinto José Eduardo Brasil Pereira 
Published: April 2021

Elicitores são substâncias com a capacidade de induzir a produção de metabólitos secundários específicos. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de quitosana suplementada no meio de cultura no crescimento, produção de pigmentos fotossintéticos e compostos voláteis de Mentha arvensis. Segmentos nodais de M. arvensis foram inoculados em meio MS suplementados com cinco concentrações de quitosana (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg L-1). Após 30 dias de cultivo, avaliou-se o comprimento de brotos, as biomassas secas de folha, caule, raiz e total. Além disso, as análises dos compostos voláteis e pigmentos fotossintéticos foram investigados. A adição de quitosana em 100 mg L-1 promoveu maiores acúmulos de biomassas secas em todos os órgãos avaliados. Por outro lado, maiores concentrações de quitosana (150 e 200 mg L-1) apresentaram efeito fitotóxico nas plântulas. Maiores teores de clorofila a e carotenoides foram observados sem a suplementação com quitosana e clorofila b com 200 mg L-1. A quitosana influenciou a concentração dos constituintes voláteis in vitro. Na menor concentração de quitosana (50 mg L-1) houve maior acúmulo de pulegona, 100 mg L-1 de limoneno e 200 mg L-1 de mentol e mentona.
Agentes Comunitários de Saúde e a promoção do uso racional de medicamentos no nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Marques Tatiane Cristina , Araujo Dyego Carlos Souza Anacleto de , Gama Alécio Rabelo , Brito Giselle de Carvalho , Aguiar Ricardo Goes de , Jesus Elisdete Maria Santos de , Carvalho Adriana Andrade , Silveira Neidimila Aparecida , Macêdo Luciana Lucena Aranha de , Lyra-Junior Divaldo Pereira de 
Published: April 2021

Os agentes comunitários de saúde (ACS) são importantes atores no processo saúde-doença da comunidade. Este trabalho objetivou descrever o papel dos ACS na promoção do uso racional de medicamentos. Foi realizado um estudo exploratório em três municípios do Nordeste brasileiro entre os anos de 2013 a 2017. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de questionários autoaplicáveis. Participaram do estudo 267 ACS; os idosos foram os usuários que mais solicitam informações sobre medicamentos aos ACS (84%); as principais dúvidas dos usuários estiveram relacionadas à frequência/horário de uso dos medicamentos (86%); a automedicação foi considerada a principal situação de risco identificada pelos ACS (86%); 84% dos ACS referiram não ter conhecimentos suficientes para dar informações sobre medicamentos e apenas 14% afirmaram ter recebido treinamento com essa temática. Embora os ACS frequentemente identifiquem situações de risco envolvendo o uso de medicamentos, não se sentem seguros para orientar a comunidade.
Uso de la matriz dérmica acelular para el tratamiento de zonas críticas en defectos de cobertura. Serie de casos
Authors: Abrego Mariano Oscar , Sánchez Saba Javier , Zaidenberg Ezequiel Ernesto , Rellán Ignacio , Donndorff Agustín , Gallucci Gerardo , De Carli Pablo , Boretto Jorge Guillermo 
Published: April 2021

Introducción: El objetivo de esta serie de casos es describir los resultados y las complicaciones de pacientes con heridas graves con defecto de cobertura en zonas críticas tratadas con una matriz dérmica acelular.
Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de los pacientes con déficit de cobertura en zonas críticas tratados con matriz dérmica acelular en nuestro centro. Definimos como zona crítica al déficit de cobertura que no pueda ser tratado solo con injerto de piel. Evaluamos variables preoperatorias, intraoperatorias y posoperatorias.
Resultados: Los diagnósticos iniciales fueron tumor (3 pacientes), trauma agudo (3 pacientes) y secuela de síndrome compartimental (2 pacientes). El defecto de cobertura estaba localizado en la pierna (3 casos), en la mano (2 casos), en el muslo (1 caso), en el antebrazo (1 caso) y en el pie (1 caso). La zona crítica se caracterizó por exposición tendinosa con pérdida de peritenon (5 casos), exposición ósea y pérdida de periostio (1 caso), exposición de injerto de nervio (1 caso) y exposición de osteosíntesis (1 caso). Se registraron tres complicaciones. Dos pacientes requirieron una nueva colocación de matriz y, en otro paciente, se realizó un colgajo neurocutáneo de safeno interno por fracaso de la cobertura conmembrana.
Conclusiones: Los sustitutos dérmicos se caracterizan por su fácil uso y versatilidad. Esta técnica otorga protección en situaciones de exposición ósea, además de proveer un plano de deslizamiento en caso de exposición tendinosa. El uso de matriz dérmica permite, además, ahorrar el empleo de colgajos.
Nivel de Evidencia: IV
Pediatric Vaccination During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ackerson Bradley K. , Sy Lina S. , Glenn Sungching C. , Qian Lei , Park Claire H. , Riewerts Robert J. , Jacobsen Steven J. 
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVES
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on vaccination coverage, critical to preventing vaccine-preventable diseases, has not been assessed during the reopening period.

METHODS
Vaccine uptake and vaccination coverage for recommended vaccines and for measles-containing vaccines at milestone ages were assessed in a large cohort of children aged 0 to 18 years in Southern California during January to August 2020 and were compared with those in the same period in 2019. Differences in vaccine uptake and vaccination coverage (recommended vaccines and measles-containing vaccines) in prepandemic (January to March), stay-at-home (April to May), and reopening (June to August) periods in 2020 and 2019 were compared.

RESULTS
Total and measles-containing vaccine uptake declined markedly in all children during the pandemic period in 2020 compared with 2019, but recovered in children aged 0 to 23 months. Among children aged 2 to 18 years, measles-containing vaccine uptake recovered, but total vaccine uptake remained lower. Vaccination coverage (recommended and measles-containing vaccines) declined and remained reduced among most milestone age cohorts ≤24 months during the pandemic period, whereas recommended vaccination coverage in older children decreased during the reopening period in 2020 compared with 2019.

CONCLUSIONS
Pediatric vaccine uptake decreased dramatically during the pandemic, resulting in decreased vaccination coverage that persisted or worsened among several age cohorts during the reopening period. Additional strategies, including immunization tracking, reminders, and recall for needed vaccinations, particularly during virtual visits, will be required to increase vaccine uptake and vaccination coverage and reduce the risk of outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases.
Perspectives on applications of nanomaterials from shelled plankton
Authors: Lo Presti Marco , Vona Danilo , Ragni Roberta , Cicco Stefania R. , Farinola Gianluca Maria 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Biomineralization ubiquitously occurs in plankton, featuring hierarchically nanostructured shells that display several properties that benefit their host survival. Nanostructures’ shapes and many of these properties are tunable through in vitro or in vivo modification of microorganisms, making their shells very appealing for applications in materials sciences. Despite the abundance of shell-forming species, research has focused mainly on diatoms and coccolithophores microalgae, with current scientific literature mostly targeting the development of photonic, biomedical and energy storage/conversion devices. This prospective article aims to critically overview potentialities of nanomaterials from biomineralizing plankton, possible outcomes and technological impact relevant to this technology.

Graphic Abstract
A snapshot review—Fluctuations in quantum materials: from skyrmions to superconductivity
Authors: Shen L. , Seaberg M. , Blackburn E. , Turner J. J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
By measuring a linear response function directly, such as the dynamic susceptibility, one can understand fundamental material properties. However, a fresh perspective can be offered by studying fluctuations. This can be related back to the dynamic susceptibility through the fluctuation–dissipation theorem, which relates the fluctuations in a system to its response, an alternate route to access the physics of a material. Here, we describe a new X-ray tool for material characterization that will offer an opportunity to uncover new physics in quantum materials using this theorem. We provide details of the method and discuss the requisite analysis techniques in order to capitalize on the potential to explore an uncharted region of phase space. This is followed by recent results on a topological chiral magnet, together with a discussion of current work in progress. We provide a perspective on future measurements planned for work in unconventional superconductivity.

Graphical abstract
We describe a new X-ray tool for material characterization that will offer an opportunity to uncover new physics in quantum materials using coherent, short-pulsed X-rays. We provide details of the method and discuss the requisite analysis techniques in order to capitalize on the potential to explore an uncharted region of phase space. This is followed by recent results on a topological chiral magnet, together with a discussion of current work in progress. We provide a perspective on future measurements planned for work in unconventional superconductivity.
Updates from the fray: rational off-label and over-the-counter prescribing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Pridmore William 
Published: April 2021

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a terminal condition, which is increasing in incidence. Therapeutic interventions have enjoyed limited success. However, research is progressing, with some promising drug candidates emerging. Patients cannot always wait for the results of large trials. The general practitioner has a central role in management of ALS.
Objective: To review and summarise available evidence evaluating the disease-modifying and life-extending potential of approved medications available off-label or over the counter. To inform doctors and patients of updates in the field and assist their decision-making.
Discussion: Three experimental candidates were deemed to have a reasonable likelihood of efficacy, and doses/routes of administration were clarified. Possibilities for novel therapies were outlined, and the importance of research support was highlighted.
The preoperative HALP score (hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte and platelet) is a useful predictor in patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Feng Ji-Feng , Wang Liang , Yang Xun 
Published: April 2021

The hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score has been confirmed as a prognostic factor in several types of cancers. The current study aimed to assess the prognostic value of preoperative HALP score, an inflammatory and nutritional based score, in predicting cancer-specific survival (CSS) in resectable patients undergoing curative resection for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The clinical data of 355 consecutive patients with ESCC who underwent curative resection were retrospectively conducted and analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal cut-off value for preoperative HALP. The areas under the curve (AUC) for preoperative HALP and other variables were calculated and compared. Cox regression analyses and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to identify the factors associated with CSS. According to the ROC curve, the optimal cut-off value for preoperative HALP was 31.8. The 5-year CSS for preoperative HALP low (≤31.8) and high (>31.8) was 15.1% and 47.5%, respectively (p<0.001). Preoperative HALP had reliable abilities to predict CSS in resectable ESCC patients in any stage or gender, according to the subgroup analysis based on the patients' cancer stage and gender. Multivariate analyses confirmed that preoperative HALP was an independent prognostic score regarding CSS in patients with resectable ESCC (p<0.001). This study confirmed that the preoperative HALP score could be regarded as a potential independent prognostic factor for CSS in patients with resectable ESCC.
Virtual Machine Consolidation for Stochastic Load Balancing in Cloud Data Center Management
Authors: Murugesan M. 
Published: April 2021

Cloud computing is able to managing a massive quantity of growing work for the use of enterprise clients in a specified way Virtualization, which makes assumptions the network resources and makes it simple to control, is an important enabling technology for cloud computing. Computing is being used in the proposed work to distribute cloud services tailored to the needs and to promote the smart grid principle. “Skewness” concept was delivered here wherein equal was reducing to combine workloads to enhance the usage of the server. The complexities of on-demand allocation of resources arise from managing customer demands. As a result, the use of vms technologies has proved to be helpful in terms of resource provisioning. The use of virtualized environments is expected to reduce primarily consist connection speed while also executing tasks in accordance with cloud resource availability. This implementation can be use local negotiation based VM consolidation mechanism to predict each job request and reduce overloads to create virtual space at the time of multiple requests. The proposed system implement co-location approach to combine unused small spaces to create new virtual space for improves the performance of server. Also implement self-destruction approach to eliminate the invalid data based on time to live property. The proposed framework is executed in genuine time with effective asset allotment. In this system to begin with broaden a forecast show which will gauge the parcel sizes of decrease commitments at runtime. And it can detect information skewness in real time and allocate extra asses for mordant of large walls that help us complete faster.
Load balancing in Cloud Computing: Issues and Challenges
Authors: Et. al. K. Balaji , 
Published: April 2021

The evolution of IT led Cloud computing technology emerge as a new prototype in providing the services to its users on rented basis at any time or place. Considering the flexibility of cloud services, innumerable organizations switched their businesses to the cloud technology by setting up more data centers. Nevertheless, it has become mandatory to provide profitable execution of tasks and appropriate resource utilization. A few approaches were outlined in literature to enhance performance, job scheduling, storage resources, QoS and load distribution. Load balancing concept permits data centers to avert over-loading or under-loading in virtual machines that as such is an issue in cloud computing domain. Consequently, it necessitate the researchers to layout and apply a proper load balancer for cloud environment. The respective study represents a view of problems and threats faced by the current load balancing techniques and make the researchers find more efficient algorithms.