bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New focuses on roles of communications between endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in identification of biomarkers and targets
Authors: Zhang Linlin , Yan Furong , Li Liyang , Fu Huirong , Song Dongli , Wu Duojiao , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe communication between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria (Mt) plays important roles in maintenance of intra‐ and extra‐cellular microenvironment, metabolisms, signaling activities and cell‐cell communication. The present review aims to overview the advanced understanding about roles of ER‐Mt structural contacts, molecular interactions and chemical exchanges, signal transmissions and inter‐organelle regulations in ER‐Mt communication. We address how the ER‐Mt communication contributes to the regulation of lipid, amino acid and glucose metabolisms by enzymes, transporters and regulators in the process of biosynthesis. We specially emphasize the importance of deep understanding about molecular mechanisms of ER‐Mt communication for identification and development of biology‐specific, disease‐specific and metabolism‐specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets for human diseases. The inhibitors and modulators of the ER‐Mt communication are categorized according to therapeutic targets. Rapid development of biotechnologies will provide new insights for spatiotemporally understanding the molecular mechanisms of ER‐Mt communication.
Sequence variation and regulatory variation in acetylcholinesterase genes contribute to insecticide resistance in different populations of Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Authors: Margus Aigi , Piiroinen Saija , Lehmann Philipp , Grapputo Alessandro , Gilbert Leona , Chen Yolanda H. , Lindström Leena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAlthough insect herbivores are known to evolve resistance to insecticides through multiple genetic mechanisms, resistance in individual species has been assumed to follow the same mechanism. While both mutations in the target site insensitivity and increased amplification are known to contribute to insecticide resistance, little is known about the degree to which geographic populations of the same species differ at the target site in a response to insecticides. We tested structural (e.g., mutation profiles) and regulatory (e.g., the gene expression of Ldace1 and Ldace2, AChE activity) differences between two populations (Vermont, USA and Belchow, Poland) of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata in their resistance to two commonly used groups of insecticides, organophosphates, and carbamates. We established that Vermont beetles were more resistant to azinphos‐methyl and carbaryl insecticides than Belchow beetles, despite a similar frequency of resistance‐associated alleles (i.e., S291G) in the Ldace2 gene. However, the Vermont population had two additional amino acid replacements (G192S and F402Y) in the Ldace1 gene, which were absent in the Belchow population. Moreover, the Vermont population showed higher expression of Ldace1 and was less sensitive to AChE inhibition by azinphos‐methyl oxon than the Belchow population. Therefore, the two populations have evolved different genetic mechanisms to adapt to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides.
Electrochemical Behavior and Voltammetric Determination of Chloramphenicol and Doxycycline Using a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Single‐walled Carbon Nanohorns
Authors: Han Shuang , Zhang Xuan , Sun Hongda , Wei Jinping , Wang Hui , Wang Shuangyu , Jin Jing , Zhang Zhichao 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe report a method for the direct and quantitative determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) and doxycycline (DOX) using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with carboxylic‐group‐functionalized single‐walled carbon nanohorns. The modified electrode exhibits high electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of CAP and the oxidation of DOX. It shows a linear response to CAP between 0.1 μM and 100 μM and to DOX between 0.5 μM and 100 μM. The detection limits for CAP and DOX are 0.1 μM and 0.5 μM, respectively. The modified GCE displays good sensitivity, making it suitable for the determination of CAP and DOX in real samples.
Barriers and enablers in implementing an electronic incident reporting system in a teaching hospital: A case study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abu Alrub Alaa M. , Amer Yasser Sami , Titi Maher Abdelraheim , May Aisha Charmaine A. , Shaikh Farheen , Baksh Maram M. , El‐Jardali Fadi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundWidespread recognition of the impact of healthcare adverse events has triggered incident reporting system implementation to promote patient safety. The aim was to assess the effectiveness, usability, enablers, and barriers of the Electronic Occurrence Variance Reporting System (eOVR) in addition to end user satisfaction.MethodsThis study comprised a cross‐sectional survey two years after implementation of the eOVR. Secondary data analysis evaluated the volume of incident reporting before and after implementing the eOVR.Outcome measuresPrimary outcome measures: satisfaction and system usability, system security, workplace safety culture, training, and reporting trends. An overall satisfaction was collected. Secondary outcome: rate of reported OVRs per 1000 admissions. Furthermore, barriers and enablers to the reporting process were explored.ResultsStudy findings indicate that the eOVR has been successful in terms of high satisfaction according to respondents. Most of the respondents found the system easy to access, maintained patient confidentiality and reporting anonymity. Around half the respondents indicated having a non‐punitive culture of reporting in their hospital. Physicians had significantly lower scores in all primary outcomes Incident reporting increased by 33.6% (p < 0.0001) after implementing the eOVR.ConclusionSuccessful incident reporting systems should be easy and simple to use, accessible and include features that guarantee anonymity and confidentiality. End‐users should be trained prior to launching such a system. The implementation of such systems needs to be combined with promoting a just culture in the organization, timely feedback, more involvement and focus on physicians and junior staff which will improve user satisfaction and reporting rates.
Summary of 17 chemicals evaluated by OECD TG229 using Japanese Medaka,Oryzias latipesin EXTEND 2016
Authors: Kawashima Yukio , Onishi Yuta , Tatarazako Norihisa , Yamamoto Hirotaka , Koshio Masaaki , Oka Tomohiro , Horie Yoshifumi , Watanabe Haruna , Nakamoto Takashi , Yamamoto Jun , Ishikawa Hidenori , Sato Tomomi , Yamazaki Kunihiko , Iguchi Taisen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn June 2016, the Ministry of the Environment of Japan announced a program “EXTEND2016” on the implementation of testing and assessment for endocrine active chemicals, consisting of a two‐tiered strategy. The aim of the Tier 1 screening and the Tier 2 testing is to identify the impacts on the endocrine system and to characterize the adverse effects to aquatic animals by endocrine disrupting chemicals detected in the aquatic environment in Japan. For the consistent assessment of the effects on reproduction associated with estrogenic, anti‐estrogenic, androgenic, and/or anti‐androgenic activities of chemicals throughout Tier 1 screening to Tier 2 testing, a unified test species, Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), has been used. For Tier 1 screening, the in vivo Fish Short‐Term Reproduction Assay (OECD test guideline No. 229) was conducted for 17 chemicals that were nominated based on the results of environmental monitoring, existing knowledge obtained from a literature survey, and positive results in reporter gene assays using the estrogen receptor of Japanese medaka. In the 17 assays using Japanese medaka, adverse effects on reproduction (i.e., reduction in fecundity and/or fertility) were suggested for 10 chemicals, and a significant increase of hepatic vitellogenin in males, indicating estrogenic (estrogen receptor agonistic) potency, was found for eight chemicals at the concentrations in which no overt toxicity was observed. Based on these results, and the frequency and the concentrations detected in the Japanese environment, estrone, 4‐nonylphenol (branched isomers), 4‐tert‐octylphenol, triphenyl phosphate, and bisphenol A were considered as high priority candidate substances for the Tier 2 testing.
Crotalus atrox venom‐induced cellular toxicity: Early wound progression involves reactive oxygen species
Authors: Brown Lindsay E. , Reyes Giovanni , Albrecht Eric A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms that produce cellular cytotoxicity is fundamental in the field of toxicology. Cytotoxic stimuli can include organic toxins such as hemorrhagic snake venom, which can lead to secondary complications such as the development of necrotic tissue and profuse scarring. These clinical manifestations mimic cytotoxic responses induce by other organic compounds such as organic acids. We used hemorrhagic snake venom and human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293T) as a model system to better understand the cellular responses involved in venom induced cytotoxicity. Cells stimulated with Crotalus atrox (CA) (western diamondback) venom for 4 or 10 h demonstrated significant cytotoxicity. Results from 2′,7′‐Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCF‐DA) assays determine CA venom stimulation induces a robust production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) over a 3‐h time course. In contrast, pretreatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐catalase or N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) prior to CA venom stimulation significantly blunted H2DCFDA fluorescence fold changes and showed greater cytoprotective effects than cells stimulated with CA venom alone. Pre‐ incubating HEK293T cells with the NADPH oxidase (NOX) pan‐inhibitor VAS2870 prior venom stimulation significantly minimized the venom‐induced oxidative burst at early timepoints (≤2 h). Collectively, our experiments show that pre‐application of antioxidants reduces CA venom induce cellular toxicity. This result highlights the importance of ROS in the early stages of cytotoxicity and suggests muting ROS production in noxious injuries may increase positive clinical outcomes.
PDMS and DLC‐coated unidirectional valves for artificial urinary sphincters: Opening performance after 126 days of immersion in urine
Authors: Mazzocchi Tommaso , Lucarini Gioia , Roehrer Irene , Menciassi Arianna , Ricotti Leonardo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this work, unidirectional valves made of bare polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and PDMS provided with a micrometric diamond‐like carbon (DLC) coating were fabricated and characterized, in terms of surface properties and opening pressure. The valve performance was also tested over 1250 repeated cycles of opening/closure in water, finding a slight decrease in the opening pressure after such cycles (10%) for the PDMS valves, while almost no variation for the PDMS + DLC ones. The valves were then immersed in urine for 126 days, evaluating the formation of encrustations and the trend of the opening pressure over time. Results showed that PDMS valves were featured by a thin layer of encrustations after 126 days, but the overall encrustation level was much smaller than the one shown by PDMS in static conditions. Furthermore, the opening pressure was almost not affected by such a thin layer of crystals. DLC‐coated valves showed even less encrustations at the same time‐point, with no significant loss of performance over time, although they were featured by a higher variability. These results suggest that most encrustations can be removed by the mechanical action of the valve during daily openings/closures. Such a self‐cleaning behavior with respect to a static condition opens exciting scenarios for the long‐term functionality of mobile devices operating in the urinary environment.
Assessment of the protective effect of yeast cell wall β‐glucan encapsulating humic acid nanoparticles as an aflatoxin B1 adsorbent in vivo
Authors: Hamza Zeinab K. , Hathout Amal S. , Ostroff Gary , Soto Ernesto , Sabry Bassem A. , El‐Hashash Maher A. , Hassan Nabila S. , Aly Soher E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to assess the protective effect of encapsulating humic acid‐iron complexed nanoparticles (HA‐Fe NPs) inside glucanmannan lipid particles (GMLPs) extracted from yeast cell wall against aflatoxin B (AFB1) toxicity in vivo. Four groups of male Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated orally for 2 weeks included the control group, AFB1 treated group (80 µg/kg b.w); GMLP/HA‐Fe NPs treated group (0.5 mg/kg b.w), and the group treated with AFB1 plus GMLP/HA‐Fe NPs. GMLPs are empty 3–4 micron permeable microspheres that provide an efficient system for the synthesis and encapsulation of AFB1‐absorbing nanoparticles (NPs). Humic acid nanoparticles (HA‐NPs) were incorporated inside the GMLP cavity by complexation with ferric chloride. In vivo study revealed that AFB1 significantly elevated serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, uric acid, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide. It significantly decreased total protein, high‐density lipoprotein, hepatic and renal CAT and glutathione peroxidase content and induced histological changes in the liver and kidney (p ≤ 0.05). The coadministration of the synthesized formulation GMLP/HA‐Fe NPs with AFB1 has a protective effect against AFB1‐induced hepato‐nephrotoxicity, oxidative stress and histological alterations in the liver and kidney.
Imbalanced GSH/ROS and sequential cell death
Authors: Liu Ting , Sun Li , Zhang Yubin , Wang Yonglin , Zheng Jiang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced in cells during metabolic processes. Excessive intracellular ROS may react with large biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and small biomolecules, that is, glutathione (GSH) and unsaturated fatty acids. GSH has physiological functions, including free radical scavenging, anti‐oxidation, and electrophile elimination. The disruption of ROS/GSH balance results in the deleterious oxidation and chemical modification of biomacromolecules, which eventually leads to cell‐cycle arrest and proliferation inhibition, and even induces cell death. Imbalanced ROS/GSH may result from a direct increase of ROS, consumption of GSH, intracellular oxidoreductase interference, or thioredoxin activity reduction. Some chemicals including arsenic trioxide (ATO), pyrogallol (PG), and carbobenzoxy‐Leu‐Leu‐leucinal (MG132) could also disrupt the balance of GSH and ROS. This article reviews the occurrence and consequences of the imbalance between GSH and ROS and introduces factors responsible for the disruption of cellular ROS and GSH balance, resulting in cell death. “GSH” and “ROS” were used as keywords to search the relevant literaturess.
Microscopic investigations and pharmacognostic techniques for the standardization of the fruits of Rosa laxa Retz
Authors: Wang Ning , Sun Jing , Zhang Shanzi , Wang Chunyan , Tian Li 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRosa laxa Retz., a shrub belonging to the family Rosaceae, is widely distributed in the northern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang, China. The fruits of R. laxa (FRL) has antibacterial, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant effects. In this study, FRL was subjected to pharmacognostic identification of its source, morphology, microscopic characteristics, and physicochemical properties. The microscope showed that the cross‐sectional features of FRL were obvious, and the FRL powder contained vessel, parenchyma cells, exocarp cells, pollen grains, and cluster crystals. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis results show that numerous villi and many small particles (particle size of 5–50 μm) were observed in the FRL powder, and there are many gullies on the surface of the particles. In addition, the secondary metabolites of FRL were characterized via ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thin‐layer chromatography (TLC). Results showed that FRL contains various secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, glycosides, and tannins. Water as the extraction solvent had the highest extraction rate and the contented of total flavonoids was 2.88 mg/g, and the contented of total polyphenols was 54.89 mg/g. Moreover, TLC identification revealed that it contains catechin and tiliroside. These parameters of FRL, which are reported herein, are important to the development of the pharmacognostic standards, as well as in the identification and quality control of FRL.
The spectrum of genetic mutations in myelodysplastic syndrome: Should we update prognostication?
Authors: Cook Michael R. , Karp Judith E. , Lai Catherine 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe natural history of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is dependent upon the presence and magnitude of diverse genetic and molecular aberrations. The International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) and revised IPSS (IPSS‐R) are the most widely used classification and prognostic systems; however, somatic mutations are not currently incorporated into these systems, despite evidence of their independent impact on prognosis. Our manuscript reviews prognostic information for TP53, EZH2, DNMT3A, ASXL1, RUNX1, SRSF2, CBL, IDH 1/2, TET2, BCOR, ETV6, GATA2, U2AF1, ZRSR2, RAS, STAG2, and SF3B1. Mutations in TP53, EZH2, ASXL1, DNMT3A, RUNX1, SRSF2, and CBL have extensive evidence for their negative impact on survival, whereas SF3B1 is the lone mutation carrying a favorable prognosis. We use the existing literature to propose the incorporation of somatic mutations into the IPSS‐R. More data are needed to define the broad spectrum of other genetic lesions, as well as the impact of variant allele frequencies, class of mutation, and impact of multiple interactive genomic lesions. We postulate that the incorporation of these data into MDS prognostication systems will not only enhance our therapeutic decision making but lead to targeted treatment in an attempt to improve outcomes in this formidable disease.
National survey of hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery in hemophilia patients in Japan
Authors: Yoshimoto‐Haramura Tomoko , Hidaka Masaaki , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Suzumura Kazuhiro , Takemura Nobuyuki , Hama Naoki , Mizuno Takashi , Nomi Takeo , Kobayashi Tsuyoshi , Sano Keiji , Yokomizo Hiroshi , Nitta Hiroyuki , Kurata Masanao , Hasegawa Yasushi , Nagayama Minoru , Tani Masaji , Fukumoto Takumi , Ohta Masayuki , Hayashi Hironori , Taniguchi Hiroki , Ishino Shinichiro , Aihara Tsukasa , Murase Takaaki , Tsuchida Akihiko , Shimamura Tsuyoshi , Marubashi Shigeru , Kaneko Junichi , Hara Takanobu , Matsushima Hajime , Soyama Akihiko , Endo Tomoyuki , Eguchi Susumu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 8300 hemophiliacs are registered in Japan, but no comprehensive reports on hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery (HBPS) have been conducted. This report investigates the current status of HPBS in hemophilia patients in Japan.MethodsThe subjects were hemophiliac patients seen between January 1 2007, and December 31 2017, at facilities participating in this study among the facilities for performing high‐difficulty cases nationwide designated by the Japanese Society for HBPS. A retrospective examination of short‐term outcomes in 49 cases was conducted to assess patient background, disease, surgical procedure, and complications.ResultsThe types of hemophilia were A: 43 cases, B: four cases, and von Willebrand disease: two cases (hemophilia severity: mild 32, moderate seven, severe 10). The target malignant diseases for surgery were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in 20 cases, intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) in four cases, combined HCC‐CCC in two cases, hilar CCC in two cases, and pancreatic cancer in four cases. As for the surgical procedure, limited resection (subsegmentectomy and partial hepatectomy) was performed in 16 cases of HCC even with normal liver function tests. Pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pacreatectomy were performed for pancreatic cancers as in the standard procedure. Postoperative complications were postoperative bleeding in two cases after hepatectomy and one after pancreatectomy in one case. When compared with Japanese National Clinical Data base, the complication rates after hepatectomy and pancreatectomy were not conspicuous in hemophilic patients.ConclusionsAs long as they are performed in qualified centers, complication rate is not increased in hemophilic patients undergoing HBPS.
Cysteamine bitartrate delayed‐release capsules control leukocyte cystine levels and promote statural growth and kidney health in an open‐label study of treatment‐naïve patients <6 years of age with nephropathic cystinosis
Authors: Vaisbich Maria Helena , Caires Ferreira Juliana , Price Heather , Young Kyleen D. , Sile Saba , Checani Gregg , Langman Craig B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNephropathic cystinosis is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease that is characterized by accumulation of cysteine and formation of crystals within cells of different organs and tissues causing systemic manifestations in childhood that include poor linear growth, ocular involvement, hypothyroidism, and progressive kidney disease. This study was a long‐term, prospective open‐label evaluation of twice‐daily delayed release (DR) cysteamine capsules in cystinosis patients <6 years of age who were naïve to any form of cysteamine treatment. Fifteen treatment‐naïve patients <6 years old (mean age 2.2 ± 1.0 years, 53% male, 73% White) were enrolled and treated with DR‐cysteamine capsules for up to 18 months. Patients had clinically meaningful decreases in WBC cysteine concentration during treatment (3.2 ± 3.0 nmol ½ cystine/mg protein at Day 1 to 0.8 ± 0.8 nmol ½ cystine/mg protein at study exit), and anthropometric data improvements were consistently observed in height, weight and body surface area. Additionally, estimated glomerular filtration rate increased from 55.93 ± 22.43 ml/min/1.73 m2 at baseline to 63.79 ± 21.44 ml/min/1.73 m2 at study exit. Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic results support the use of the same starting, escalation, and maintenance doses according to body surface for children aged <6 years that are currently recommended in adults and older children. All patients experienced ≥1 adverse event(s) with vomiting (80%) and upper respiratory tract infection (53%) most frequently reported. Based on our study, patients <6 years of age with nephropathic cystinosis without prior treatment can safely and effectively initiate treatment with DR‐cysteamine, a delayed‐release form of cysteamine bitartrate that can be given every 12 h.