bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Grain Shape on Quasi‐Static Fluid‐Fluid Displacement in Porous Media
Authors: Wang Zhongzheng , Pereira Jean‐Michel , Gan Yixiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe study how grain shapes impact multiphase flow in porous media in the quasi‐static regime using an extended pore‐network model. The algorithm allows the explicit determination of different types of pore‐scale instabilities and tracks the interface motion during the fluid‐fluid displacement process. It also includes the volume capacitance model, such that both the evolution of capillary pressure signal and sizes of Haines jumps can be captured. Further, it considers the pinning of menisci at sharp edges of grains, through which the distribution of effective contact angles can be obtained. Simulations are carried out across a wide range of wetting conditions for different particle shapes. Our results show that the effective contact angle distribution during displacement widens as the grain becomes more angular, which consequently modifies the macroscopic fluid invasion morphology. By analyzing various characteristic metrics during displacement, including capillary pressure signal, Haines jump size distribution, and fractal dimension, our results highlight the profound influence of particle shape on the multiphase flow.
Riverbed Temperature and Heat Transport in a Hydropeaked River
Authors: Ferencz Stephen B. , Muñoz Sebastian , Neilson Bethany T. , Cardenas M. Bayani 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHydropeaking, the alternating storage and release of water from reservoirs for hydropower generation, perturbs the thermal regime of many large rivers. While its effects on river temperature have been long studied, impacts on the thermal regime of riverbeds remain mostly unknown, despite riverbed temperature affecting rates of nutrient cycling and habitat suitability for benthic organisms. This study combines detailed field observations and flow and heat transport modeling to assess the impact of hydropeaking on riverbed temperatures in a large regulated river. The field site was 12 km downstream from a dam that induces large daily flow variations. Vertical thermistor arrays were used to collect riverbed temperature data across the entire 70 m‐wide channel. The riverbed near the left bank was highly dynamic thermally, transitioning between river and groundwater temperatures over daily hydropeaking cycles. In contrast, the rest of the riverbed, including near the right bank, was similar in temperature to the river and had relatively stable temperatures. Modeling showed that the temperatures near the banks are explained by advective heat transport driven by hydrostatic changes in river level, while the temperatures over the rest of the channel can be explained mostly by conductive heating. Gaining groundwater conditions and high sediment hydraulic conductivity favor thermally dynamic zones near banks, while low hydraulic conductivity (below 1 m/d) and neutral or losing groundwater conditions result in muted temperature fluctuations, as observed at the right bank. These spatial patterns can help predict thermally sensitive processes in the riverbeds of hydropeaked or flooding rivers.
Primärärztliche Strategien und Zusammenarbeit während der
ersten Phase der COVID-19-Pandemie in Baden-Württemberg, Deutschland
Authors: Stengel Sandra , Roth Catharina , Breckner Amanda , Peters-Klimm Frank , Schwill Simon , Möllinger Sophia , Buhlinger-Göpfarth Nicola , Szecsenyi Joachim , Wensing Michel 
Published: March 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Das Ziel der Arbeit war eine deskriptive frühzeitige
Momentaufnahme von Einleitung und Umsetzung ambulanter Strategien im
primärärztlichen Setting zur Bewältigung der frühen Phase der
COVID-19- Pandemie in Baden-Württemberg (Deutschland).
Methodik Im Juni 2020 erhielten alle 271 Corona-Anlaufstellen unter Trägerschaft
der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung (16 Abstrichstellen, 204 Corona-Schwerpunktpraxen, 51
Zentrale Fieberambulanzen) sowie eine zufällig generierte Stichprobe von 400
Hausarztpraxen aus Baden-Württemberg einen papierbasierten Fragebogen. Die Daten wurden
anonym erhoben und deskriptiv ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt nahmen n=63 (15,8%) Hausarztpraxen und n=92
(33,9%) Corona-Anlaufstellen teil. 78,7% der Hausarztpraxen nutzten
Corona-Anlaufstellen (n=48). 92,1% hatten eine verpflichtende telefonische
Anmeldung für PatientInnen mit (vermuteter) COVID-19-Erkrankung (n=58)
implementiert. 81% boten bei leichtem Verlauf eine rein telefonische oder
videokonsultatorische Versorgung an (n=51). Parallel dazu wurden die neuen ambulanten
Corona-Anlaufstellen vorwiegend unter hausärztlicher Leitung (n=76,
82,6%) in Zusammenarbeit mit weiteren Akteuren, in fast der Hälfte der
Fälle bereits im März aufgebaut (n=42, 48,3%). Die am
häufigsten genannten Anmeldepfade waren gesteuert und konnten vorwiegend über
HausärztInnen (n=88, 95,7%) und Gesundheitsamt (n=74,
80,4%), aber auch durch weitere Akteure erfolgen. In 92,4% (n=85)
konnte eine telefonische Anmeldung erfolgen. Die mündliche Rückmeldung an die
PatientInnen (n=65, 77,4%) war der am häufigsten genannte
Rückmeldeweg. In weniger als der Hälfte der Corona-Anlaufstellen lagen
standardisierte Anmelde-, Dokumentations- und Rückmeldebögen vor. Die
Einschätzung der zukünftigen Versorgungsstrukturen von PatientInnen mit
(vermuteter) COVID-19-Erkrankung waren heterogen.
Schlussfolgerungen In einem gemeinsamen Kraftakt, mit Improvisation und Zusammenarbeit
gelang eine rasche Implementierung von Maßnahmen zur Patientenversorgung
während der Anfangsphase der Pandemie im primärärztlichen Setting. Aus
den Ergebnissen können Impulse für die primärärztliche
Versorgung in einer Pandemie abgeleitet werden.
2021 Update of the International Council for Standardization in Haematology Recommendations for Laboratory Measurement of Direct Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Douxfils Jonathan , Adcock Dorothy M. , Bates Shannon M. , Favaloro Emmanuel J. , Gouin-Thibault Isabelle , Guillermo Cecilia , Kawai Yohko , Lindhoff-Last Edelgard , Kitchen Steve , Gosselin Robert C. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn 2018, the International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) published a consensus document providing guidance for laboratories on measuring direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Since that publication, several significant changes related to DOACs have occurred, including the approval of a new DOAC by the Food and Drug Administration, betrixaban, and a specific DOAC reversal agent intended for use when the reversal of anticoagulation with apixaban or rivaroxaban is needed due to life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding, andexanet alfa. In addition, this ICSH Working Party recognized areas where additional information was warranted, including patient population considerations and updates in point-of-care testing. The information in this manuscript supplements our previous ICSH DOAC laboratory guidance document. The recommendations provided are based on (1) information from peer-reviewed publications about laboratory measurement of DOACs, (2) contributing author's personal experience/expert opinion and (3) good laboratory practice.
Molecular Characterization of Two Homozygous Factor VII Variants Associated with Intracranial Bleeding
Authors: Andersen Elisabeth , Chollet Maria Eugenia , Sletten Marit , Stavik Benedicte , Skarpen Ellen , Backe Paul Hoff , Thiede Bernd , Glosli Heidi , Henriksson Carola Elisabeth , Iversen Nina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractClinical parameters have been extensively studied in factor (F) VII deficiency, but the knowledge of molecular mechanisms of this disease is scarce. We report on three probands with intracranial bleeds at an early age, one of which had concomitant high titer of FVII inhibitor. The aim of the present study was to identify the causative mutations and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. All nine F7 exons were sequenced in the probands and the closest family members. A homozygous deletion in exon 1, leading to a frame shift and generation of a premature stop codon (p.C10Pfs*16), was found in proband 1. Probands 2 and 3 (siblings) were homozygous for a missense mutation in exon 8, resulting in a glycine (G) to arginine (R) substitution at amino acid 240 (p.G240R). All probands had severely reduced FVII activity (FVII:C < 1 IU/dL). Treatment consisted of recombinant FVIIa and/or plasma concentrate, and proband 1 developed a FVII inhibitor shortly after initiation of treatment. The FVII variants were overexpressed in mammalian cell lines. No FVII protein was produced in cells expressing the p.C10Pfs*16 variant, and the inhibitor development in proband 1 was likely linked to the complete absence of circulating FVII. Structural analysis suggested that the G to R substitution in FVII found in probands 2 and 3 would destabilize the protein structure, and cell studies demonstrated a defective intracellular transport and increased endoplasmic reticulum stress. The molecular mechanism underlying the p.G240R variant could be reduced secretion caused by protein destabilization and misfolding.
Left Hemiclamshell Approach for Posterior Aortic Arch Aneurysm
Authors: Moiroux-Sahraoui Alexander , Leprince Pascal , Demondion Pierre 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe anatomical situation of posterior aortic arch aneurysms is a surgical challenge. The surgical approach should not only guarantee a safe dissection of the supra-aortic trunks and the descending aorta but also allow the cannulation for extracorporeal circulation. Indeed, protecting the cerebral flow is essential. Another challenge is to preserve both the phrenic and recurrent nerves while sparing chest wall muscles. A hemiclamshell approach for posterior aortic arch aneurysm seems to be a good compromise regarding these requirements.
A Rare Odontogenic Cyst in an Uncommon Area: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Behrad Samira , Safari Isa , Sohanian Shabnam , Ghanbarzadegan Arash 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst is a rare developmental odontogenic cyst of the jaws. It is a less aggressive intraosseous cyst identified by an orthokeratinized epithelium.
Case Report A 50-year-old male patient with the chief complaint of swelling in the anterior part of his face, and, intraorally, there was diffuse swelling in the palatal cortex. On panoramic radiography, there was a well-defined unilocular radiolucency on the right side of the maxilla and palatal cortical expansion, and thinning of the buccal and palatal cortexes was observed. The histopathological examination revealed a pathologic cyst that was lined by a thick orthokeratinized epithelium. Therefore, the diagnosis was orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst.
Conclusion The orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst displays characteristic clinical, histopathological, and biological features that differ significantly from those of keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), but it has a better prognosis and lower recurrence rate. Thus, other radiolucent lesions of the jaws, including keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), must be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Pull-Through in Patients after Pelvic Anastomosis Leak Following Proctectomy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Davoodabadi Hasan , Aldraji Mohammad , Farahani Abdolhosein Davoodabadi , Soltani Parnian , Alemrajabi Mehdi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer is the second most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of mortality due to cancers. Anastomosis leak after proctectomy is a dangerous complication that must be managed carefully. The aim of the present study was to assess the procedure of resection and pull-through of the new rectum after anastomosis leak in patients after proctectomy.
Methods and Materials This was a cross-sectional study. Patients who visited the Firoozgar Hospital between 2015 and 2018 for rectal cancer surgery and had anastomosis leak entered the study. All patients underwent resection of the residue of rectum and pull-through of colon.
Results In the present study, out of the 110 cases who underwent proctectomy, 12 patients with postoperative anastomosis leak were reported. Five (41.7%) were male and 7 (58.3%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 41.5 ± 4.3 years (33–51). Resection of the new rectum and pull-through anastomosis were performed for these 12 patients. No major intraoperative complication occurred. Postoperative course was uneventful in all patients.
Discussion Resection of residue of rectum and pull-through in patients with anastomosis leak can be done after rectal cancer surgery. This method is superior to abdominopelvic resection in many aspects, especially regarding accessibility to the new rectum by rectal exam or endosonography to assess recurrence or a relative continence after closure of ostomy.
Outcome of Fecal Incontinence in Patients with Rectal Prolapse Undergoing the Altemeier Procedure with or without Posterior Levatorplasty
Authors: Bananzadeh Alimohammad , Razavi Hamed Shariat , Khodaei Shahin , Al-Qanbar Maytham Hameed , Tadayon Seyed Mohammad Kazem , Hosseini Seyed Vahid , Ghahramani Leila 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective To compare the fecal incontinence status of patients submitted to theAltemeier procedure with or without posterior levatorplasty.
Materials and Methods Medical records of the patients who underwent the Altemeier procedure at Shahid Faghihi Hospital (in Shiraz, Iran) from 2014 to 2018 were retrospectively studied. Patients older than 17 years of age who underwent the Altemeier procedure due to complete rectal prolapse were considered. In some cases, the operation was performed with posterior levatorplasty. Rectal prolapse due to collagen or connective tissue disorders, anal/sacral anomalies, immunodeficiency, history of rectal surgery, and pelvic radiotherapy were the exclusion criteria of the present study. In addition to the demographics (including age, gender, and body mass index), the fecal incontinence status of each case was determined through the Wexner scale preoperatively and 12 months after the surgery. The incontinence scores were then compared against the baseline values of the two groups of patients: those with and those without posterior levatorplasty. The statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, US), software, version 21.
Results In total, 53 patients (17 men and 36 women) with a mean age of 55.23 ± 18.24 years were analyzed. The comparison of the pre- and postoperative scores on the Wexner scale between the two groups revealed no statistically significant difference (p >0.05).
Conclusion Posterior levatorplasty during the Altemeier procedure did not result in significant improvement of the fecal incontinence outcome of the patients.
The Effect of Stool Transplantation on Weight Control in Obese Rats
Authors: Klas Cynthia Fontoura , Rebouças Rebeca Loureiro , Diosti Géssica de Mattos , Osman Kader , Carmona Luiz Felipe Paludo , Kubrusly Luiz Fernando , Marques Camila Moraes 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Introduction Obesity is defined as a multifactorial metabolic syndrome in which there is an excessive number of fat cells within the tissues. It is discussed that intestinal microbiota might have a relevant relation with obesity, since it is relevantly altered in obese patients.
Objectives To assess the effect of stool transplantation (ST) in the condition of obesity and its outcomes in an experimental model of cafeteria diet by analyzing histology and weight gain.
Methods Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups: control (CO), control with antibiotics (CO + ATB), obesity (CAF + ATB), stool transplantation (ATB + ST) and obesity with stool transplantation (CAF + ATB + ST). During the experiment, obesity induction groups received cafeteria diet, whereas the remaining groups had normal diet ad libitum. After 3 months, daily ST was carried out for 8 weeks by gavage procedure. The animals were euthanized, and the small intestine was harvested for further analysis.
Results It was observed that before starting the ST, the cafeteria and normal diet groups had significant weight difference (p < 0,0001). In the comparison between CAF + ATB and CAF + ATB + ST during the gavage period, the CAF + ATB + ST group presented lower weight gain (p = 0.0017). The histopathological evaluation show that the ATB + ST group did not present intestinal crypt distortion.
Conclusion Cafeteria diet resulted in an expected weight gain. In relation to the ST, it has been shown that the procedure is effective in reducing weekly weight gain. Apparently, there was no induction of disabsortive syndrome in nonobese animals that received ST.
Which Lighting Option Is the Best for Photography in Rhinoplasty?
Authors: Fernández-Pellón Rodrigo , Saghir Meshari , Jaber Ayman , Apaydin Fazil 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhotography for preoperative analysis and follow-up is indispensable for the facial plastic surgeon. The use of strobe flash units, light-emitting diode (LED) lamps, and their position related to axis of the patient can affect the nasal contours and nasal measurements. The aim of this study was to compare the rhinoplasty pictures taken under three different lighting settings and two different positioning at 30- and 45-degree angles, and with direct measurements taken by caliper from the subjects. Standardized rhinoplasty pictures from 10 patients were taken in frontal view in a studio. These pictures were taken under three different lighting settings: built-in flash of the camera, two strobe flashes, and two LED continuous lights placed at 30 to 45 degree angles to the patient. All the pictures were uploaded to Rhinobase 2.0. In five subjects, direct measurements were done by using a Vernier caliper and compared with the computer measurements. In this study, when comparing the light sources and the angles without taking single flash into account, no relation was found between strobe lights at 30 and 45 degrees and between LED lights at 30 and 45 degrees regarding tip width, base bony width, dorsum width, interalar width, and nasal length. However, a statistically significant difference was found when the angle was changed from 30 to 45 degrees for tip width, interalar width and nasal length. The use of two LED continuous lights or two strobe lights in a studio setting has given similar results. Changing the angles of the light sources from 30 to 45 degrees affected only the tip width and the interalar width; otherwise the rest of the nasal measurements did not show any significant changes. The pictures taken at 45-degree angles to the subject showed the closest values to the direct measurements done on the patient.
Pediatric Endoscopic Pilonidal Sinus Treatment (PEPSiT): Technical Description and Initial Experience
Authors: Mendes Carlos Ramon Silveira , Ferreira Luciano Santana de Miranda , Sapucaia Lucca Sarmiento Bahia , Sapucaia Filho Jose Raimundo Bahia 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPilonidal sinus is an acquired condition characterized by lesions at the median or paramedic intergluteal crease resulting form in grown hair at the subcutaneous, deep sacrococcygeal issue. Multiple surgical methods have been described, the optimal pilonidal sinus treatment remains controversial. The preset retrospective study reports outcome form pediatric endoscopic pilonidal sinus treatment in patient under 18 years old.
Bilingual outcomes for a student with Down Syndrome in French immersion
Authors: Martin Sarah , Hodder Christina , Merritt Emily , Culliton Ashley , Pottie Erin , Kay-Raining Bird Elizabeth 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This study investigated the French and English outcomes and experiences of one student with Down syndrome enrolled
in a Canadian French Immersion (FI) program. Testing in Grades 6 and 8 revealed development in both languages, higher English than
French skills, and progress across the two years in English only. English language and reading comparisons in Grade 8 showed the
bilingual student had similar or better English abilities than age-matched monolinguals with Down syndrome (DS) schooled in
English only. Interviews revealed that the parents were strong advocates for their son and worked closely with the school to
ensure accommodations were in place in FI that fostered his success. The interviews also offered some explanation for the lack of
French progress at second testing. This study provides the first evidence that FI can provide a path to bilingualism for students
with DS. The findings have implications for inclusive education.
Why do non-native English speakers show masked form priming when native speakers do not?
Authors: Taft Marcus , Li Junmin , Aryanti Thasya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Native English speakers do not show masked priming effects in lexical decision when a prime word is related to its target
purely on the basis of orthographic form (e.g., pillow-PILL, protest-PROTECT). There is strong evidence, however, that
non-native English speakers do show such form priming. This paper explores the possible cognitive mechanisms behind this difference between
native and non-native speakers. Taft and Li (2020) found that only non-native speakers (with
Chinese as their first language) showed priming when the nonword prime ended in the same embedded word as the word target (e.g.,
plerough-THOROUGH), but a newly reported experiment goes on to show priming for native speakers as well when the shared
letter-combination is not itself a word (e.g., celtoise-TORTOISE). This contrast in results leads to the interpretation
that native speakers have a specific mechanism for activating embedded words that is important when recognizing polymorphemic words through
their stems. It is suggested that non-native speakers, or at least those with Chinese as their first language, do not engage or are slow in
engaging such a mechanism. The form priming that they demonstrate arises from facilitated processing of the repeated letters rather than the
pre-activation of a lexical representation.
A spatiotemporal recommendation engine for malaria control
Authors: Guan Qian , Reich Brian J , Laber Eric B 
Published: March 2021

Summary
Malaria is an infectious disease affecting a large population across the world, and interventions need to be efficiently applied to reduce the burden of malaria. We develop a framework to help policy-makers decide how to allocate limited resources in realtime for malaria control. We formalize a policy for the resource allocation as a sequence of decisions, one per intervention decision, that map up-to-date disease related information to a resource allocation. An optimal policy must control the spread of the disease while being interpretable and viewed as equitable to stakeholders. We construct an interpretable class of resource allocation policies that can accommodate allocation of resources residing in a continuous domain and combine a hierarchical Bayesian spatiotemporal model for disease transmission with a policy-search algorithm to estimate an optimal policy for resource allocation within the pre-specified class. The estimated optimal policy under the proposed framework improves the cumulative long-term outcome compared with naive approaches in both simulation experiments and application to malaria interventions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.