bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionomer‐coated filtration membranes as an alternative to ion‐exchange membranes for demineralization by electrodialysis
Authors: Kadel Sabita , Deboli Francesco , Perreault Véronique , Donten Mateusz L. , Bazinet Laurent 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIndustrial application of ion‐exchange membranes, the key component of many electro‐membrane processes, is often hindered due to their high cost—result of complex fabrication methods and use of highly engineered precursors. As an alternative to conventional anion‐exchange membrane (AMX), this study focuses on the fabrication of cation‐coated filtration membranes (CCFM‐Type 1 and CCFM‐Type 2) by depositing a thin layer of crosslinked branched polyethyleneimine (PEI)‐based ionomer on top of the porous substrate. The use of commodity precursors (PEI) in combination with energy efficient fabrication processes ensures a low end‐cost for CCFMs. The properties and the performances of these membranes are evaluated and compared with AMX. Though ionic conductance of both CCFMs is found to be lower than AMX, similar electrochemical behavior is observed for all three membranes. In terms of performance, the highest NaCl demineralization rate is given by CCFM‐Type 2, while whey demineralization rate for all three membranes is similar. Energy consumption during both processes is increased for CCFMs probably due to noticeably higher global resistance which the ED system reaches during the process. These promising results suggest the possible application of these cost‐effective CCFMs in electrodialysis demineralization processes as an alternative to commercial AMX at an industrial level.
Effects of cellulose nanocrystals on the vulcanization of natural rubber/cellulose nanocrystals nanocomposite and corresponding regulating strategies
Authors: Hu Jie , Yang Fan , Liu Ke , Kong Zhengqing , Qin Jinli , Duan Yongxin , Zhang Jianming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVulcanization is a vital process in rubber processing, it endows rubber with valuable physical and mechanical properties, making rubber a widely used engineering material. In addition to vulcanization agent, reinforcing fillers play a non‐ignorable influence on the vulcanization of rubber nanocomposites. Herein, the effects of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) on the vulcanization of natural rubber (NR)/CNCs nanocomposite was studied. It was found that even though the addition of CNCs can effectively improve the dispersion of ZnO in NR matrix, the vulcanization of NR was inhibited. This may be attributed to the CNCs' adsorption of vulcanizing agents (DM, ZnO) and the acidic chemical environment on the surface of CNCs. In order to improve the vulcanization properties of NR/CNCs nanocomposite, tetramethyldithiochloram (TMTD) and triethanolamine (TEOA) were used as a combination accelerator and curing activator, respectively, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) was introduced to screen hydroxyl groups on the surface of CNCs to prohibit the CNCs' adsorption of vulcanizing agents. The results indicate that TMTD and TEOA effectively improved the vulcanization rate of NR/CNCs nanocomposite and increased the crosslink density by an order of magnitude. Subsequently, the tensile strength, tear strength, and so forth. of NR/CNCs nanocomposite were significantly improved. However, PEG hardly help to improve the vulcanization properties of NR/CNCs nanocomposite. In addition, the control samples without CNCs were prepared and characterized, the comparation between NR and NR/CNCs nanocomposite shows that the synergistic effect of crosslink density and CNCs' reinforcement more effectively improve mechanical properties of NR. This work not only elucidates the inhibiting mechanisms of CNCs on the vulcanization of NR, but also provides practical strategies for improving the vulcanization and properties of NR/CNCs nanocomposite. It may accelerate the application of CNCs as rubber reinforcing filler.
Separation and concentration of ultrafiltration permeate from landfill leachate effluent using polymeric membrane electrodialysis
Authors: Fu Rong , Yan Haiyang , Zhu Yaru , Wang Huangying , Lu Feipeng , Su Ya , Li Wei , Fu Rongqiang , Liu Zhaoming , An Jin , Wang Yaoming 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAs society pays more and more attention to environmental protection, the treatment of highly polluted landfill leachate has become a vital issue for various countries. The four main types of landfill leachate treatment processes available today are physical, chemical, biological, and membrane treatment. The first three have low water recovery capacity and are prone to secondary contamination. Membrane processes using pressure‐driven membranes hold great promise, but this technology is hampered by the membrane fouling caused by various components in the water. In this study, anion‐selective electrodialysis (ASED) was integrated into a pressure‐driven membrane process to treat waste leachate. Results showed that the optimal parameter for the ASED concentration process is CMV/ASA membranes with a voltage of 6 V and a volume ratio of concentrate to dilute of 1:20. ASED concentrate reached a conductivity of 133.3 mS/cm, retained 72.7% of sulfate ions and 88.4% of chemical oxygen demand. In addition, the ASED process was able to achieve a low‐energy consumption of 1.85 kWh/m3. Therefore, the ASED progress has the potential to be integrated with current membrane processes for the treatment of landfill leachate.
Psychosocial outcomes of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐ and non‐HPV‐related head and neck cancers: A longitudinal study
Authors: Henry Melissa , Arnovitz Emily , Frenkiel Saul , Hier Michael , Zeitouni Anthony , Kost Karen , Mlynarek Alex , Black Martin , MacDonald Christina , Richardson Keith , Mascarella Marco , Morand Gregoire B. , Chartier Gabrielle , Sadeghi Nader , Rosberger Zeev 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesHuman papillomavirus (HPV) has prompted a need to further investigate how this new biomarker changes the head and neck cancer (HNC) psychosocial landscape. This study aimed to: (a) characterize the sociodemographic, psychological, and social profiles of patients with HPV‐positive versus ‐negative squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck; and (b) identify how HPV status contributes to anxiety and depression (primary outcome), quality of life (QoL), and sexuality needs.MethodsWe conducted a prospective longitudinal study of 146 patients newly diagnosed with oral, oropharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, and hypopharyngeal cancer. Seventy‐nine patients were HPV‐positive and 67 HPV‐negative. Patients completed self‐administered psychometric measures upon HNC and 3‐month follow‐up, and Structured Clinical Interviews for DSM Diagnoses.ResultsPatients with HPV‐negative tumors generally presented with higher anxiety and depression and lower QoL immediately post‐HNC diagnosis (<2 weeks) compared to HPV‐positive cancers. A Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) immediately post‐HNC diagnosis negatively affected patients' anxiety and depression and QoL levels upon diagnosis only when the cancer was HPV‐positive. Immediately posttreatment, HPV status was not associated with outcomes. A previous history of suicidal ideation, and upon cancer diagnosis cigarette smoking, anxiety and depression, and feeling close to one's partner were instead explanatory.ConclusionWhile patients with HPV‐positive HNC generally present with initially lower psychological distress, their vulnerability immediately posttreatment indicates an equal need for support. Head and neck clinics may need to better address MDD, anxiety and depression, a prior history of suicidal ideation, health behavior change, and quality of relationships.
Methodological challenges in the analysis of recurrent events for randomised controlled trials with application to cardiovascular events in LEADER
Authors: Furberg Julie Kjærulff , Rasmussen Søren , Andersen Per Kragh , Ravn Henrik 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAnalysis of recurrent events is becoming increasingly popular for understanding treatment effects in randomised controlled trials. The analysis of recurrent events can improve efficiency and capture disease burden compared to standard time‐to‐first event analyses. However, the added knowledge about the multi‐state process comes at the cost of modelling complexity. High mortality rates can complicate matters even more. A case study using data from a randomised controlled trial, LEADER, is presented to highlight interpretation of common methods as well as potential pitfalls when analysing recurrent events in the presence of a competing risk. The presented methods either target features of the underlying intensity functions or marginal traits of a multi‐state process which includes terminal events or not. In particular, approaches to handle death as a part of an event and as a competing risk are discussed. A new method targeting the marginal mean function for a composite endpoint, which includes both death as a component and as a competing risk, will be introduced. Finally, recommendations for how to capture meaningful treatment effects in randomised controlled trials when analysing recurrent and terminal events will be made.
Suboptimal control for systems with commensurate and distributed delays of neutral type
Authors: Cuvas Carlos , Santos‐Sánchez Omar‐Jacobo , Ordaz Patricio , Rodríguez‐Guerrero Liliam 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article addresses the synthesis of a suboptimal control based on complete type functional for neutral systems with commensurate and distributed delays. The obtained controller is a feedback state control and its gains depend on the time delay system's Lyapunov matrix, which denotes its relevance on the design of controllers for time delay systems. It is proved that in closed loop, the proposed controller improves system response. Despite the synthesized control being suboptimal (optimal in the local sense), it could be a good choice to regulate stable neutral time‐delay linear systems without the use of linear matrix inequalities, avoiding the inherent conservatism of such approach. In order to illustrate the result effectiveness, the experimental results are presented by using of an industrial proportional integral derivative (PID) control and LabVIEW software.
Gait optimization of step climbing for a hexapod robot
Authors: Song Xingguo , Zhang Xiaolong , Meng Xiangyin , Chen Chunjun , Huang Dashan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRHex‐style hexapod robot is a type of legged robot which can perform multiple moving gaits according to different applications, due to its simple structure and strong mobility. However, traversing high obstacles has always been a big challenge for legged robots. In this paper, gait optimization of a hexapod robot is proposed for climbing steps at different heights, which even enables the robot to climb the step 3.9 times of the leg length. First, a previous step‐climbing gait is optimized by adjusting body inclination when placing front legs on top of the step, which enables RHex with different sizes to perform the rising stage of the gait. Second, to improve the climbing heights, a novel quasi‐static climbing gait is proposed by using the reversed claw‐shape legs to reach the higher step. The nondeformable legs are used to raise the center of mass (COM) of the body by lifting the front and rear legs alternately so that the front legs can reach the top of the step, then the front and middle legs are lifted alternately to maneuver COM up onto the step. The simulations and dynamic analysis of climbing steps are utilized to verify the feasibility of the improved gait. Finally, the step‐climbing experiments at different heights are performed with the optimized gaits to compare with the existing gaits. The results of simulations and experiments show the superiority of the proposed gaits due to climbing higher steps.
Sustainable community development: Integrating social and environmental sustainability for sustainable housing and communities
Authors: Winston Nessa 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe concepts of sustainable development (SD) and sustainable communities (SCs) are firmly on policy agendas. Conceptual clarity is essential for the selection of high‐quality indicators to monitor progress in these areas. However, there are very mixed views about the nature of social sustainability (SS), and SC is rarely defined. Definitions that exist are extremely limited. This paper addresses these deficiencies by presenting a new definition and conceptualisation of SC in which addressing both social and environmental needs is critical. SS is clearly defined as addressing basic human needs, so that the criterion of sufficiency is met. Ensuring ‘sufficiency’ is crucial to ensure the provision of welfare within planetary boundaries, firmly integrating the social and environmental in conceptualising and operationalising SS. Using the new SC framework, the paper illustrates how regeneration programmes targeting housing could simultaneously address many social and environmental problems contributing to more progress on many dimensions of SD and the UN SD goals (UNSDGs).
Synthesis and Functionalization of Imidazo[1,2‐b]Pyridazine by Means of Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: El Akkaoui Ahmed , Koubachi Jamal , Guillaumet Gérald , El Kazzouli Saïd 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis review surveys the recent developments in organometallic‐chemistry‐based methods for the preparation of imidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazines by cyclization as well as their functionalization by means of cross‐coupling reactions such as Sonogashira, Heck, Negishi, Suzuki‐Miyaura, Kumada and Stille. In addition, the advances made on the C−H activation of imidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazines using C‐arylation, C‐benzylation and C‐alkylation are also reviewed. Furthermore, the recent reports on the N‐arylation of this heterocyclic system are discussed and highlighted. The sequential couplings as well as the one‐pot functionalization of two different positions on the imidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazine systems are also reviewed. Procedures in which metal‐based catalysis is not involved in the functionalization of imidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazines are not included in this review.
Dipyrromethane‐Based Receptor for Fluorometric Sensing of Hydrogenpyrophosphate
Authors: Ghosh Sumit , Baildya Nabajyoti , Goswami Koushik , Ghosh Kumaresh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA new dipyrromethane‐based tetramide 1 has been designed and synthesized. It serves as potential chemosensor for fluorometric detection of hydrogenpyrophosphate (HP2O73−; HPPi) in organic and semi‐aqueous medium. In CH3CN, the tetramide 1 shows strong excimer formation upon complexation with HPPi and results in a ratiometric change in fluorescence. Other anions did not bring such change. In aqueous CH3CN, this is observed although the change is less pronounced. Hydrogen bonding of HPPi in the cleft pulls the pendant naphthalene to form the excimer. The complexation has been established by spectroscopic and theoretical studies. The tetramide 1 selectively senses HPPi in CH3CN with binding constant and detection limit of 3.2×103 M−1 and 2.08×10−5 M, respectively.
Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Poly[2‐(1‐methylbut‐1‐en‐1‐yl)aniline] and Its Copolymers
Authors: Andriianova Anastasiia N. , Sadykov Timur T. , Mustafin Akhat G. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe progress in organic electronics is closely related to the development of new materials. This study reports the syntheses of hitherto unknown (co)polymers based on aniline and its ortho‐substituted derivative, 2‐(1‐methylbut‐1‐en‐1‐yl)aniline. Electric conductivity, morphology, solubility, electrochemical properties, spectral and thermal characteristics of all the specimens have been studied. A comparative analysis with polyaniline has been performed, and a possible practical usage in resistive‐type moisture sensors has been shown. It has been found that as the content of the substituted monomer units in the (co)polymers grows, the solubility, photoluminescence, and sensitivity of moisture sensors are enhanced. The employment of the (co)polymers obtained as an active material in moisture sensors has shown that the electric conductivity is highly sensitive to changes in ambient moisture. This study has shown that copolymerization of aniline with its ortho‐substituted derivatives is an efficient technique to modify PANI that allows one to enhance the process characteristics of the resulting materials.
Design, Docking Simulations, Synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo Behavioral Assessment of m‐Aminobenzoic Acid Analogues as GABA‐AT Inhibitors
Authors: Altamirano‐Espino José A. , Córdova‐Moreno Rebeca , Andrade‐Jorge Erik , Martínez‐Archundia Marlet , García‐Machorro Jazmín , Trujillo‐Ferrara José G. 
Published: September 2021

Abstractγ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter whose deficiency is related to affections involving overexcited neurons (e. g., anxiety and epilepsy); rise of GABA levels by inhibition of GABA‐aminotransferase (GABA‐AT) is a treatment option. The aim of this contribution was to assess a series ofm‐aminobenzoic acid derivatives (analogous to GABA) as GABA‐AT inhibitors. Chosen compounds from docking simulations, were synthesized in good yields by green chemistry, testedin vitrofor inhibition of GABA‐AT and assayed for protection against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizures, and ability to counter picrotoxin (PTX) induced anxiety. These compounds had a lower binding energy (higher affinity) than GABA and GABA‐AT inhibitor vigabatrin (VGB) at the model active site.DABA_2 a(3,5‐dimaleamilbenzoic acid) had excellent attributesin silico(ΔG=−9.00 kcal/mol vs −5.33 kcal/mol of VGB), good competitive inhibition of GABA‐ATin vitro(KI=3.6×10−6 M, ΔG=−7.42 kcal/mol) and a low acute toxicity (≥1,000 mg/kg) with good protection against PTZ and PTX (100 mg/kg), leading to stablish the good modulation of GABAergic transmissionin vivo.
The Multilayered Nature of Becoming Nonnative‐English‐Speaking Teacher
Authors: Hsieh Jasper Kun‐Ting , Gao Xuesong (Andy) , Bell Shaun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper draws on an ethnographic research that examined Taiwanese international students’ identity movements before, during, and after their overseas education in Australia. Previous studies on nonnative‐English‐speaking teachers (NNESTs) studying TESOL in the West focused on the formation of their professional identity before and after the completion of TESOL programs abroad. This study pioneers a model which examines NNESTs’ multilayered complexity of identity formation by drawing on the Douglas Fir Group’s (2016) multifaceted nature of language learning and teaching and Wenger’s (1998) identification and negotiability of identity formation to analyze one Taiwanese student’s developing NNEST identity. We found the participant’s social life experiences reshaped her professional identity as NNEST. The user experience as a nonnative English speaker prompted her critical reflection on the notion of functional English user and teaching. This notion, shaped by social aspects of learning, was later demonstrated in her teaching practice. The study suggests: 1) that future research includes NNESTs’ social aspects of experiences as nonnative English users; 2) that SLA researchers for TESOL programs continue analyzing NNESTs’ deficit discourse with transdisciplinary approach.
Researching L2 Student Engagement with Written Feedback: Insights from Sociocultural Theory
Authors: Mao Zhicheng , Lee Icy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhile student engagement is central to connecting feedback provision with learning outcomes and has significant value for unlocking the learning potential of feedback, the extant research on student engagement with written feedback is not only scant but also under‐theorized. This article explores the potential of sociocultural theory (SCT) for theorizing the notion of L2 student engagement with written feedback and furthering research on the topic. Using a number of concepts in SCT, we attempt to theorize this construct and propose an integrative sociocultural framework that draws particular attention to the nature of engagement (i.e., core characteristics of engagement) and its underlying mechanisms (i.e., mediating factors in engagement). We then outline two research areas that are key to broadening current scholarship and examine methodological issues in research on L2 student engagement with written feedback. The article contributes to broadening the knowledge base of this burgeoning research area and stimulating further work on it.
Global gene expression analysis of pigeonpea with male sterility conditioned by A2 cytoplasm
Authors: Bohra Abhishek , Prasad Gandam , Rathore Abhishek , Saxena Rachit K , Naik SJ Satheesh , Pareek Shalini , Jha Rintu , Pazhamala Lekha , Datta Dibendu , Pandey Gaurav , Tiwari Abha , Maurya Alok Kumar , Soren Khela Ram , Akram Mohd , Varshney Rajeev K , Singh Narendra P 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCytoplasmic male sterility(CMS), a maternally inherited trait, provides a promising means to harness yield gains associated with hybrid vigor. In pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Huth], nine types of sterility‐inducing cytoplasm have been reported, of which A2 and A4 have been successfully deployed in hybrid breeding. Unfortunately, molecular mechanism of the CMS trait is poorly understood because of limited research invested. More recently, an association between a mitochondrial gene (nad7) and A4‐CMS has been demonstrated in pigeonpea; however, the mechanism underlying A2‐CMS still remains obscure. The current investigation aimed to analyze the differences in A2‐CMS line (ICPL 88039A) and its isogenic maintainer line (ICPL 88039B) at transcriptome level using next‐generation sequencing. Gene expression profiling uncovered a set of 505 genes that showed altered expression in response to CMS, of which, 412 genes were upregulated while 93 were downregulated in the fertile maintainer line vs. the CMS line. Further, gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analyses revealed association of CMS in pigeonpea with four major pathways: glucose and lipid metabolism, ATP production, pollen development and pollen tube growth, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. Patterns of digital gene expression were confirmed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) of six candidate genes. This study elucidates candidate genes and metabolic pathways having potential associations with pollen development and male sterility in pigeonpea A2‐CMS. New insights on molecular mechanism of CMS trait in pigeonpea will be helpful to accelerate heterosis utilization for enhancing productivity gains in pigeonpea.
Luminescent mono‐and dinuclear copper(I) complexes based on bulky bisphosphino‐substituted benzimidazole derivatives
Authors: Zi Xiaorui , Liu Chunmei , Lu Wen , Huang Juan , Zhang Jiayuan , Zhang Bin , Du Chenxia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFour mono‐ and two dinuclear Cu(I) complexes were synthesized based on novel 4‐diphenylphosphino‐benzimidazole (P^N) derivatives, and their structures as well as photophysical properties were systematically investigated. X‐ray crystallographic analysis reveals that the Cu(I) centers adopt pseudo‐tetrahedral geometries. All the complexes in powder at 293 K display bright phosphorescence with the highest photoluminescent quantum yield of 37.6 %. The emission maxima could be finely tuned from 514 to 592 nm by the methoxy substituent on the N^P ligands. The combined experimental results at different temperature (293 K and 77 K) and theoretical studies suggest that the nature of the emissive states can be mainly assigned as a dominant charge‐transfer character involving major components of 3(M+X) LCT transitions.