bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is there a possibility of perovskite taking over the solar technology market by 2030?
Authors: O.Fashina Adebayo 
Published: February 2021

In recent time, there have been enormous advances in the development of perovskite solar cells in terms of its efficiency, rising from 3.8 percent in 2009 to 23.7 percent in 2018. This took other solar technologies over thirty years of research to accomplish. On the other hand, perovskite proffers a more affordable solution since it is potentially much cheaper to produce and relatively simple to manufacture than silicon solar cells. In spite of this great potential, perovskite solar cell technology is still in the premature stages of commercialization due to a number of concerns. Moreover, like with many new technologies, there is a difference between what works in the laboratory at small-scale and in the factory at large-scale. Thus, looking at perovskites as a material, it has the tendency to be a bit unstable at high temperature and susceptible to moisture and these could cause the decomposition of cells. The question here is: can perovskite outshine silicon solar cel1s in the next 10 years considering the successes so far and the vigorous research that is presently taking place globally?Â Â
Geotechnical and geochemical appraisal of IFON clay, Southwestern Nigeria: Implications for industrial utilization
Authors: O Ademila , T. H. T Ogunribido , J. M Abidoye 
Published: February 2021

Clays are geological materials of economic potential in the manufacturing and environmental industries. Geotechnical properties and geochemical composition of Ifon clay deposits in Ondo State, Nigeria were investigated with the aim of determining their economic potentials. The geotechnical investigation includes consistency limits, strength, permeability and firing tests, while, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) method was used for determination of the bulk elemental composition of the clays using standard techniques. Geotechnical appraisal of the clay deposits revealed that high proportion of clay size fractions (52.3 â€“ 66.1%) makes the clays suitable in their natural state for industrial raw materials. Activity of the clays was found to be low at approximately 0.3 â€“ 0.7 and classified as inactive clays. Unconfined compressive strength varies between 3.4 N/mm2 and 4.7 N/mm2 and moderate shrinkage values (â‰¤ 12%) indicate that the clays could be used as building construction materials. Coefficient of permeability of 7.75 Ã— 10-8 to 1.72 Ã— 10-5 cm/sec described the clays as low to impermeable soils suitable as barrier soils. SiO2 (64.41 â€“ 68.74%) and Al2O3 (22.98 â€“ 28.45%) contents dominate the clay geochemistry followed by iron oxide, Fe2O3 (3.57 â€“ 8.31%) content among other oxides in traces, imply that they originated from underlying basement rocks subjected to varying degree of weathering. Low MgO, CaO, K2O and Na2O indicate no expandable clay minerals in the clays. The clays show low heavy metal concentrations which guarantee their suitability as raw materials in chemical industries. Thus, Ifon clay deposits are suitable for the production of ceramics, refractory bricks, paper, paints, rubber and fertilizer.Â Â
Designing anti-reflection coatings for optical surface
Authors: M. Meheretu Getnet , E. Gebremeskel Sitotaw 
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we have analyzed the optical properties of single and double layer antireflection coatings with the help of influential characteristics matrix formulation method in the visible electromagnetic spectrum. We have studied deeply for the glass coated with MgF_2 as a single layer coating and the spectrum analysis of double layer coatings of glass withã€– MgFã€—_2-Al_2 O_3. With the aid of the algebraic mathematics and MatLab program, we have developed antireflection coating designs which leads to an enhancement of materialâ€™s ability for transmission spectrum through it. According to the result we have obtained, it clearly seen that the maximum transmission power for single layer and double layer coatings are about 97.2% which occurs at wavelength of 450 nm and 100% occurs at 324 nm, respectively. It is also observed that the minimum value recorded in transmission spectra for double layer antireflection coating is 99.83% at a wavelength of 418 nm (for normal incidence) and 400 nm (for Î¸=60Â° angle of incident). In broadly speaking, our fundamental work shows double layer antireflection coating is more convenient and feasible than single layer antireflection coating.Â Â Â
Application of the extended exp(-Ï†(Î¾))-expansion method to the nonlinear conformable time-fractional partial differential equations
Authors: Kumar Dipankar , Chandra Ray Samir 
Published: February 2021

This paper investigates the new exact solutions of the three nonlinear time fractional partial differential equations namely the nonlinear time fractional Clannish Random Walkerâ€™s Parabolic (CRWP) equation, the nonlinear time fractional modified Kawahara equation, and the nonlinear time fractional BBM-Burger equation by utilizing an extended form of exp(-Ï†(Î¾))-expansion method in the sense of conformable fractional derivative. As outcomes, some new exact solutions are obtained and signified by hyperbolic function solutions, trigonometric function solutions, and rational function solutions. Some solutions have been plotted by MATLAB software to show the physical significance of our studied equations. In the point of view of our executed method and generated results, we may conclude that extended exp (-Ï†(Î¾))-expansion method is more efficient than exp(-Ï†(Î¾))-expansion method to extract the new exact solutions for solving any types of integer and fractional differential equations arising in mathematical physics.Â Â Â
Design of a hybrid solar photovoltaic system for Gollis Universityâ€™s administrative block, Somaliland
Authors: S. Adam Jama , A. Fashina Adebayo 
Published: February 2021

This work presents the design of a 100kVA hybrid solar power system for Gollis Universityâ€™s administrative block, Hargeisa, Somaliland. Prior to the system design, a preliminary field work on the site was performed to essentially measure the power/energy consumption of Gollis universityâ€™s administrative block. The results from the site survey was then used to select the appropriate equipment and instrument required for the design. This was achieved by calculating the energy consumption and then sizing the solar panel, battery, inverter and charge controller. The battery back-up time analysis at full load was also carried out to determine the effectiveness of the inverter size chosen. The inverter system was modeled and simulated using the MATLAB/Simulink software package. The simulation was used to study the reliability of the size of inverter chosen for the design, since the failure of most photovoltaic systems is ascribed to inverter failures. The results from the MATLAB/Simulink simulation showed that the inverter selected for the hybrid PV system has the ability to maximize the power produced from the PV array, and to generate sinusoidal AC voltage with minimum output distortion. The results also revealed that the PV solar system can provide a back-up time of 47.47 hours. The implications of the results are then discussed before presenting the recommendations for future works.Â Â
A study on the correlation potential of compaction characteristics and atterberg limits of selected lateritic soils
Authors: Adunoye G.O , Ojo A.A , Alasia A.F , Olarewaju M.O 
Published: February 2021

The importance of soil compaction for civil engineering construction and application cannot be over-emphasised. To perform soil compaction, numerous number of samples are required, with considerable time and laborious laboratory activities. This has necessitated the need to find models for the prediction of compaction characteristics, using easily determined soil properties. This work therefore undertook a study of the correlation potential of compaction characteristics and Atterberg limits of soils, with a view to modelling compaction characteristics, using Atterberg limits. To achieve this aim, soil samples were obtained from selected locations within Obafemi Awolowo University campus, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Preliminary, Atterberg limits and compaction tests were conducted on the soil samples, using standard procedure. Using Microsoft Excel and Xuruâ€™s Regression tool, the laboratory test results were used to develop relationships between compaction characteristics (optimum moisture content and maximum dry density) and Atterberg limits (liquid limit and plastic limit). Results showed that the natural moisture content of soil samples ranged between 4.97 % and 19.72 %; liquid limit ranged between 27 % and 68 %; plastic limit ranged between 18.92 % and 63.01 %; and plasticity index ranged between 0.94 % and 14.63 %. The optimum moisture content ranged between 6.7 % and 27 %, while the maximum dry density ranged between 1560 kN/m3 and 2260 kN/m3. The results of regression analysis showed that the combination of liquid limit and plastic limit has a strong correlation with optimum moisture content (R2 = 0.870); while the combination (of liquid limit and plastic limit) showed a weak correlation with maximum dry density (R2 = 0.150). The study concluded that liquid limit and plastic limit could be used to estimate the optimum moisture content of the soils, by applying the developed relationship/equation.Â Â
Pencegahan “Privacy Violation” di Media Sosial Pada Kalangan Remaja
Authors: Ikhtiara Seiren 
Published: February 2021

This article is the result of research on social Media based on the results of the development of internet technology as a new media (newmedia)that has implications in it to give a positive influence andnegatif on human life. The method used is qualitative descriptive whose data is taken through observation at SMAN 1 Pleret Bantul Yogyakarta school. The results of this study show that social media makes it easier for a person to interact and communicate. Socialcare can also have a big impact on teenagers. Kaum teenagers who are also the most users on social media are very vulnerable and can be victims or perpetrators of cyber crime, namely privacy violations. Remaja as the next generation of the nation must be wise in using social media. Remaja must quickly take langkah by frequently following socialization containing information about actions against cyber crime.Artikel ini adalah hasil penelitian tentang media sosial berbasis dari hasil perkembangan teknologi internet sebagai media baru (new media) yang menimbulkan implikasi didalamnya memberikan pengaruh positif dan negatif pada kehidupan manusia. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif yang datanya diambil melalui observasi di sekolah SMAN 1 Pleret Bantul Yogyakarta. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa media sosial memudahkan seseorang dalam berinteraksi dan berkomunikasi. Media sosial juga bisa memberikan dampak yang besar bagi remaja. Kaum remaja yang juga sebagai pengguna terbanyak di media sosial sangat rentan dan bisa menjadi korban ataupun pelaku dari cyber crime yaitu pelanggaran privasi atau privacy violation. Remaja sebagai generasi penerus bangsa harus dengan bijak dalam menggunakan media sosial. Remaja harus sigap mengambil langkah dengan sering mengikuti sosialisasi yang berisi informasi perihal tindakan melawan cyber crime.
Banking on Digital Money: Swedish Cashlessness and the Fraying Currency Tether
Authors: Peebles Gustav 
Published: February 2021

As cash has suddenly gone missing from Swedish life, a growing range of citizens and institutions have sounded the alarm that cash enabled a space of egalitarian access now under threat. But because commercial bank currency is gradually displacing public central bank currency, cashlessness in Sweden is not only threatening its egalitarian ethos but also the Swedish Central Bank’s capacity to provide a guaranteed state payment mechanism. The consequences of Sweden’s battles over cash-issuance may presage the future of our global banking system in a digital age, while also illuminating what is here called currency’s “tethering mechanism.” Because bank-issued currencies represent chains of credit/debt, exchanging and storing different currencies can tether and de-tether their users to different institutions, thereby offering anthropologists the possibility of mapping the waxing and waning of various dominant social institutions.

Sammanfattning

Det svenska samhället har bara på några år kommit att bli ett kontantlöst samhälle. Nu larmar institutioner och medborgare om att bristen på kontanter hotar möjligheten för invånare att delta i samhället på ett likvärdigt sätt. Det kontantlösa samhället hotar inte bara dess jämlikhetsetos utan också den svenska centralbankens förmåga att tillhandahålla en garanterad statlig betalningsmekanism då affärsbanksvaluta gradvis förskjuter den offentliga centralbanksvalutan. Det svenska banksystemet fungerar därför som ett bra exempel utifrån vilket vi kan förutse konsekvenserna av ett kontantlöst globalt banksystem, samtidigt som det också kan belysa det som här kallas valutans “tethering mechanism”. Utbyte och lagerhållning av olika valutor kopplar eller skiljer användare till eller från olika institutioner, eftersom bankemitterade valutor representerar kedjor av kredit/skuld. Det ger antropologer möjlighet att studera och kartlägga dominerande sociala institutioners uppgång och fall.
Vengeful Animals, Involuntary Mourning, and the Ethics of Ndyuka Autonomy
Authors: Strange Stuart Earle 
Published: February 2021

This article reflects on mourning and interspecies responsibility. Considering what Ndyuka Maroons in the Caribbean country of Suriname—historic fugitives from plantation capitalism—call kunu (avenging ghosts) I explore how Ndyukas attempt to secure personal and collective autonomy in an expansively relational reality where mourning is the quintessence of relatedness. Because grief impinges on Ndyuka autonomy, daily life is understood as a flawed struggle to maintain freedom from mourning. This can only be done by paying appropriate respect to others so that they do not return as vengeful spirits dedicated to the destruction of those who have harmed them and their entire families in perpetuity. This essay examines the ethics of such deeply relational notions of autonomy and ponders its implications for understanding accountability for anthropogenic extinction.
On sa a sikiifi ya wani taki

A sikiifi ya taki fu a fasi di Ndyuka sama e tyai fuka anga sowtu faantiwowtu de fu den meti di e kon toon libisama kunu. A e taki tu fu sani di sa pasa te libisama kii wan libi libi sani di o toon kunu, anga fa libi sama mu dini kunu fu den sa libi makandii a wan fii fasi. Te wan sama dede, da ala sama fu a famii e tyai a fuka de makandii. Te wan kunu kon a wan famii, da a sa meke a famii fu a sama di be kii en tyai a fuka de soseefi tu. Libisama ná e wani fu tyai a fuka, ma a kunu sa meke den tyai en namo namo, bika a so wan fasi a o meke den fii a seefi tyali di en famii be fii, di den kii en. Fu di kunu a wani sani di de tuu tuu, da libisama mu libi a wan lesipeki fasi fu den no mu meke kunu gi den famii di o tan fika gi den baka pikin fu pikin, paansu fu paansu. A sikiifi ya e taki tu fu a fasi di Ndyuka sama denki fu libi anga den busi sani, anga fa den mu meke mofu a makandii fu libi anga den sani di sa toon kunu, fu a no mu poti den a fuka. A sikiifi ya taki en so, bika somen sama ná e lesipeki den sowtu a sowtu meti ya, ofuso den bon, anga soseefi den peesi pe den e tan fu libi moo. A toli ya e soi taki Ndyuka sama abi fuu koni di sa leli den bakaasama fu soi den fa den mu libi a wan lesipeki fasi di o meke den ná o poli a goontapu, ma den o tan libi bun bun anga taawan.
Segregations in Steels during Heat Treatment – A Consideration along the Process Chain
Authors: Hunkel M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Segregation is an unavoidable phenomenon in continuous or ingot casting of steel for thermodynamic reasons. If costly processes that explicitly reduce segregation are not carried out, the segregations remain until the final product. Therefore, an understanding of the development and effects of segregation along the entire process chain is necessary. The focus in this publication is on the treatment of segregations in low alloy steels. First, the characterisation of segregation is presented. An overview of the formation and development of segregations during primary shaping and forming processes is given. The focus is on segregation-related effects during heat treatment with regard to inhomogeneous microstructure and negative heat treatment results such as distortion or hardening cracks. In a short outlook, the influence of segregation on the component behaviour is described. ◼
Modeling of unforced demand response programs
Authors: Jalili Hassan , Siano Pierluigi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Demand response programs are useful options in reducing electricity price, congestion relief, load shifting, peak clipping, valley filling and resource adequacy from the system operator’s viewpoint. For this purpose, many models of these programs have been developed. However, the availability of these resources has not been properly modeled in demand response models making them not practical for long-term studies such as in the resource adequacy problem where considering the providers’ responding uncertainties is necessary for long-term studies. In this paper, a model considering providers’ unavailability for unforced demand response programs has been developed. Temperature changes, equipment failures, simultaneous implementation of demand side management resources, popular TV programs and family visits are the main reasons that may affect the availability of the demand response providers to fulfill their commitments. The effectiveness of the proposed model has been demonstrated by numerical simulation.
Study on Binary Mixture System of Lauroyl Sodium Glutamate Surfactant
Authors: He Binbin , Lin Liangliang , Xu Hujun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In the present study, binary mixtures of sodium N-lauroylglutamate (SLG) and dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) or dodecylbetaine (BS-12) were examined for their synergistic effect. The surface chemical properties of the compound systems with different molar ratios were determined by the regular solution theory. Results indicated that both compound systems show synergistic effects of overall synergy, in which the SLG/DTAC system exhibited a better activity than the SLG/BS-12 system. The aggregation number of SLG compound systems was smaller than that of single surfactants, and the difference of the proportion of the two surfactants had little effect on the aggregation number of compound systems.
The Application of Multimedia Technology in Teaching Innovation
Authors: Yao Yanxin , Wang Peng , Xia Xiaolin , Li Xiaojun , Song Chao 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The rapid development of technology has driven the development of the information industry. The great development of computer network technology has promoted the continuous development of teaching art expression towards diversification and enrichment and provided a more adequate carrier of expression for teachers to communicate design. Multimedia technology, as an essential communication method and medium in modern teaching, plays an important role in the transmission and dissemination of information in the teaching process. In education, innovation is one of the aspects that need attention in the development of educational research. It is also the only way to meet the needs of the current era and industrial development. The development of multimedia technology gives current and technical characteristics and more powerful innovative skills. This article introduces more multimedia innovation ideas and better meets the needs of related professional personnel training. This article discusses and analyzes the position of multimedia technology between them in terms of innovative development of multimedia teaching.
Visuo-Motor Feedback Modulates Neural Activities in the Medulla of the Honeybee,Apis mellifera
Authors: Rusch Claire , Alonso San Alberto Diego , Riffell Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2021

Behavioral and internal-state modulation of sensory processing has been described in several organisms. In insects, visual neurons in the optic lobe are modulated by locomotion, but the degree to which visual–motor feedback modulates these neurons remains unclear. Moreover, it also remains unknown whether self-generated and externally generated visual motion are processed differently. Here, we implemented a virtual reality system that allowed fine-scale control over visual stimulation in relation to animal motion, in combination with multichannel recording of neural activity in the medulla of a female honeybee (Apis mellifera). We found that this activity was modulated by locomotion, although, in most cases, only when the bee had behavioral control over the visual stimulus (i.e., in a closed-loop system). Moreover, closed-loop control modulated a third of the recorded neurons, and the application of octopamine (OA) evoked similar changes in neural responses that were observed in a closed loop. Additionally, in a subset of modulated neurons, fixation on a visual stimulus was preceded by an increase in firing rate. To further explore the relationship between neuromodulation and adaptive control of the visual environment of the bee, we modified motor gain sensitivity while locally injecting an OA receptor antagonist into the medulla. Whereas female honeybees were tuned to a motor gain of −2 to 2 (between the heading of the bee and its visual feedback), local disruption of the OA pathway in the medulla abolished this tuning, resulting in similar low levels of response across levels of motor gain. Our results show that behavioral control modulates neural activity in the medulla and ultimately impacts behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen moving, an animal generates the motion of the visual scene over its retina. We asked whether self-generated and externally generated optic flow are processed differently in the insect medulla. Our results show that closed-loop control of the visual stimulus modulates neural activity as early as the medulla and ultimately impacts behavior. Moreover, blocking octopaminergic modulation further disrupted object-tracking responses. Our results suggest that the medulla is an important site for context-dependent processing of visual information and that placing the animal in a closed-loop environment may be essential to understanding its visual cognition and processing.