bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Literacy, Health-Seeking Behavior, and Retinal Diseases in Jos, North Central Nigeria
Authors: Adejoh Mercy Onevoza , Malu Keziah Nanier , Adenuga Olukorede O. , Alada Joel James 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background:
Retinal diseases are increasingly becoming a cause for concern worldwide. Despite this, little information on the association between literacy levels, health-seeking behavior, and retinal diseases in North Central Nigeria is available.

Objective:
To explore the relationship between literacy levels and retinal diseases in a tertiary institution in North Central Nigeria. To examine the impact of literacy levels on retinal health, access to eye care, and disease outcomes, and recommend strategies to improve eye health outcomes.

Materials and Methods:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study where all new patients attending the eye clinic from June to December 2014 were interviewed. Self-reported information on sociodemographic data, literacy, and health-seeking behavior was obtained using a detailed interviewer-administered questionnaire and analyzed. Logistic regression was employed to evaluate the association between health-seeking behavior and retinal diseases.

Results:
Two hundred and seventy-eight participants were seen, of which 74 (26.6%) had retinal diseases. Of the 74 study participants with retinal diseases, 5 (6.8%) were illiterate, whereas 69 (93.2%) were literate, where 2 (2.7%) had no formal education (Arabic), 17 (22.9%) had primary school education, 19 (25.7%) had secondary level of education, and 31 (41.9%) attained tertiary level education. Retinal diseases were observed in 23 (31.1%) civil servants, which was more than in other occupations. Logistic regression revealed poor health-seeking behavior was a significant predictor of retinal disease, with a 0.494 chance of increased risk of retinal disease (odds ratio = 0.494, confidence interval = 0.288–0.847, P = 0.010).

Conclusion:
The study findings allude to the need for health education and the development of health interventions, which could ultimately prevent a potential increase in the prevalence of retinal diseases.
Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for Treating Diabetic Macular Edema and Diabetic Retinopathy: A Summary of Pivotal Trials and Studies
Authors: Okonkwo Ogugua Ndubuisi , Adio Oluwatunmayowa , Akanbi Toyin , Umeh Chukwuebuka Victor , Okudo Adaora , Martha-Mary Udoh 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
This review summarizes clinical trials involving the use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that provided the evidence for therapy and paved the way for a new era in treating diabetic macular edema (DME). In 2006, ranibizumab was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), first for treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and then for treating other retinal diseases, including DME. This resulted in outcomes superior to those of retinal laser photocoagulation, the standard of care at that time. These improved outcomes led to a paradigm shift in the management of DME. Over the years, retina physicians and ophthalmologists have witnessed the development of new pharmacological molecules, whose ultimate aim is to provide more effective and durable treatment, extend treatment intervals, and reduce the burden of treatment, without safety concerns. This led to the approval of aflibercept, and brolucizumab, which also inhibit VEGF A. Recently and for the first time a dual-inhibition, anti-VEGF A and anti-angiopoietin-2, drug, faricimab, has been approved and shows promising results in the real-world setting. Also, a higher-dose and longer lasting drug, than conventional aflibercept (Eylea), Eylea HD has been developed and approved, resulting in superior therapeutic effects. Retinal physicians, ophthalmologists, and other retina care providers should familiarize themselves with the design and outcome of the pivotal approval studies and other studies that have shaped clinical care for DME and diabetic retinopathy (DR).
Unilateral 360° Peripapillary Myelinated Nerve Fibers with Axial Myopia and Amblyopia: Straatsma Syndrome
Authors: Kaur Rajwinder , Kaur Navdeep , Khan Balbir , Kaur Kirandeep , Gurnani Bharat 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Myelinated retinal nerve fibers (MNRF) are not a rare congenital anomaly but discovered as an incidental finding in approximately 1% of all eyes. This developmental defect presents as grey-white patches with feathery margins, especially in the peripapillary area. MNRF can be either static or dynamic, and may be congenital or acquired. Straatsma syndrome is a rare condition characterized by a traditional triad of unilateral MNRF, axial myopia, and amblyopia. We hereby present a case report of a 23-year-old male patient diagnosed with this syndrome. Cycloplegic retinoscopy revealed a refractive error of −2.00/−0.75 × 75 in the right eye and plano in the left eye. Best corrected visual acuity improved to 20/40 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Multimodal imaging of the right fundus showed extensive myelination encircling the disc 360 degrees, obscuring the disc margins. The left eye appeared normal. Type 2 MNRF, unilateral myopia, and amblyopia are poor prognostic factors in this case.
Targeted Therapy on Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Sireesha Vankodoth , Ramya Kaluvala , Nikshitha Manne , Nikitha Sunkari , Rao T. Rama 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye-related condition in developed countries and can affect elderly individuals to lose their central vision. At first, physicians can spot early AMD by looking for accumulation called macular deposits underneath the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells. It can be broadly divided into dry and wet types. One can analyse dry AMD by seeing many large drusen, and RPE layer detachment leads to central vision impairment. However, wet AMD can be identified by formation of choroidal neovascularisation by using various diagnosis methods. There are many risk factors like genetics and environmental factors (smoking, diet) that can increase the chances of getting and worsening AMD. The main goal in treating AMD is to slow down the disease at an early stage. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor medications are used to treat central vision loss patients in order to prevent new blood vessel growth, which helps lessen the loss of vision. A healthy diet rich in antioxidants may help in preventing AMD; understanding the risk factors and improving lifestyle choices are more important. Even though we have made good strides in spotting this disease for better treatment, we still need more research to really understand how it works to reduce disease conditions by various agents. This review article of AMD covers the recent trends in diseases, development of risk factors, diagnosis methods, grading system, and possibilities for AMD therapy.
Demographic Profile and Neuro-Ophthalmic Manifestations in Primary Intracranial Tumours in Adult Patients: An Observational Study from a Tertiary Care Health Centre in Eastern India
Authors: Mishra Suchismita , Panigrahi Souvagya , Das Suprava , Srija Yamijala Neha , Panigrahi Pradeep Kumar , Patro Manaswini 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To evaluate the demographic profile and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of primary brain tumours in adult patients presenting to a tertiary care centre in eastern India.

Methods:
A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with primary intracranial tumours presenting to a tertiary care multi-specialty hospital in eastern India from January 2018 to October 2021. A complete neurosurgical, endocrinal, and ophthalmological evaluation was done in each patient.

Results:
A total of 106 patients with primary brain tumours were included in the study. The mean age of presentation was 40.98 ± 12.85 years. There were 50 (47.17%) males and 56 (52.83%) females. The tumour location was supratentorial (ST) in 72 (67.92%) patients and infratentorial (IT) in 34 (32.08%) patients. Pituitary adenoma was the most common tumour in the present study (32.07%). The most common tumour was pituitary adenoma in the ST location and cerebellopontine angle schwannoma in the IT location. Headache and hearing loss were the most common presenting symptoms in ST and IT tumours, respectively. Blurring of vision was the most common ocular symptom in 47.16% of cases. Hemianopic field defect was the most common field defect in our study and was seen in 47.72% of cases.

Conclusion:
Meticulous ophthalmological examination is essential in patients with intracranial tumours. Our study emphasises the importance of a detailed ophthalmological examination and knowledge of associated neurological manifestations in ST and IT tumours.
Secondary Intraocular Lens Options in Intraocular Lens Dislocation: A Review
Authors: Maloof Alexander , James Ava , Pavic Nicholas , Zhang Shane , Wu Stephanie , Go Christopher 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Intraocular lens dislocation is an uncommon complication of cataract surgery. This review presents an updated summary of the secondary intraocular lens (IOL) options that are described in the literature for the management of IOL subluxation or dislocation. A broad review of the literature was performed. We evaluated different techniques for both IOL lens rescue and secondary IOLs, with a focus on the latter. We structured our review of each option by the salvageability of the IOL, the preservation of the bag, and subsequently the adequacy of capsular support. We then evaluated the techniques available for each option, with a clinical focus on the anatomical indications, technical considerations, advantages, and potential complications, before proposing an algorithm for determining the selection of each major secondary IOL implantation technique. While there are numerous IOL techniques and lens options for addressing IOL dislocation, there is currently no consensus on the optimal method. The choice of secondary IOL and fixation techniques are often guided by patient anatomy and the nature of the dislocation, but in many cases are decided upon the surgeon’s experience and preference.
Orbital Blood Flow and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome - A Narrative Review
Authors: Paul Anujeet , Naik Aishwarya , Ramesh Prasanna V. , Ghosh Tamanna 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The narrative review titled ‘Orbital Blood Flow and Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome’ provides a comprehensive exploration of the intricate interplay between pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome and orbital blood flow, offering insights into its clinical ramifications. Commencing with an overview of the historical context and prevalence of PEX, the review traverses various dimensions, including gender and age considerations, mortality/morbidity rates, and the underlying pathophysiology. It delves into the composition of PEX material and delineates the differential gene expression associated with the syndrome. Central to the discourse is the impact of PEX on orbital vasculature, elucidating its correlation with ocular ischemia and alterations in protein levels within the aqueous humour. Techniques for clinical evaluation, notably colour Doppler imaging, emerge as indispensable tools for assessing blood flow in patients with PEX.The article emphasises the significance of vascular dysfunction in PEX, highlighting the findings of decreased blood flow velocities and elevated resistive indices in affected individuals.The review underscores the imperative of comprehending the vascular implications of PEX to optimise diagnostic and management approaches, with far reaching implications for minimising operative complications and enhancing patient outcomes.
A Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate the Refractive Status and Dry Eye Disease in Cases of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Verma Sanjeev , Midya Urmi , Kedawat Snehal 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate newly diagnosed vernal keratoconjunctivitis patients for their symptomatology, refractive errors and presence of dry eye disease along with its severity.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted after approval from the institutional ethics committee, among 100 patients of vernal keratoconjunctivitis, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After obtaining informed consent, visual acuity and refraction, tear film break-up time, corneal fluorescein staining and Schirmer test (I and II) were performed. An ocular surface disease index questionnaire was filled out for symptomatic evaluation and was also graded on the basis of their ocular findings. The results were analysed by SPSS software.

Results:
In our study, the most common symptoms experienced were itching (87%) and redness (79%). Dry eye symptoms were present in 43% of patients with an ocular surface disease index (OSDI) mean score of 11.3 ± 4.67. Out of 100 patients, 45 patients had mild findings and 55 patients had moderate findings of VKC. The mean value of tear film break-up time (TBUT) was 8.15 ± 4.47 (P: 0.539), that of corneal fluorescein staining was 4.18 ± 3.4 (P: 0.885) and those of Schirmer’s test I and II were 13.4 ± 5.9 mm (P: 0.288) and 12.95 ± 5.8 mm (P: 0.615), respectively. Myopia was found to be the most common refractive error (35%) followed by hypermetropia (30%) and astigmatism (10%).

Conclusion:
The results concluded that patients of VKC showed a mild-to-moderate disease and are associated with dry eye having the values of TBUT, corneal staining and Schirmer test, proving the association. Refractive errors are not present in all patients of VKC but have a positive association with increasing severity of the disease.
Областная выставка-конкурс молодых омских художников: взгляд куратора
Authors: Боброва Е.В. 
Published: December 2024

Автор анализирует свой опыт кураторской деятельности на примере реализации четырех областных регулярных молодежных выставок-конкурсов (2020–2023). В статье выявляются тенденции в художественной жизни Омска, послужившие предпосылками для учреждения I Областной выставки-конкурса молодых омских художников, а также обозначается спектр задач, которые она была призвана решить. Внимание сфокусировано на роли куратора в достижении положительной динамики результатов выставочного проекта с позиций многоаспектности его функций. Предложен апробированный в ходе реализации проектов инструментарий для вовлечения молодых художников в выставочный процесс и формирования единого молодежного сообщества внутри местных отделений Союза художников России. На примере реализованных проектов описаны конкретные результаты ежегодного функционирования конкурса, среди которых — открытие новых ярких имен.
The author of the article presents an analysis of her experience of curatorial activity, with reference to four regional regular youth exhibitions and competitions (2020–2023). The article identifies trends in the artistic life of Omsk, which served as prerequisites for the establishment of the First Regional Exhibition-Competition of Young Omsk Artists. It also outlines the range of tasks that the competition was designed to solve. The article's focus is on the role of the curator in achieving positive outcomes for the exhibition project, considering the multifaceted nature of their responsibilities. A proposal is made for the creation of a toolkit for the involvement of young artists in the exhibition process and the formation of a unified youth community within the local branches of the Union of Artists of Russia. The specific results of the annual functioning of the competition are described on the basis of the implemented projects, including the discovery of new names that are significant for the art of Siberia.
Clinical trial to develop Ayurved protocol in Snayugata Aaghataja Shotha with special reference to ankle sprain
Authors: Swapnil Khandagale  , P.Hemantha Kumar  , Narinder Singh  , Lokendra Pahadiya  
Published: December 2024

Acute sprains from sports injuries frequently occur in the ankle joint. Acute ankle sprain is responsible for 10-30% of sports related injuries in young athletes. Ankle sprain symptoms include pain and swelling, either with or without deformity. Modern science developed treatment modalities for the ankle sprain are below knee cast, ankle brace and ankle strap. When an ankle sprain is not treated properly, it can lead to chronic problems like pain, instability in the joint and limited range of motion.
Acharya Sushruta suggests Alepa with Sandhaniya Dravyas for the management of Snayugata Shotha. When employed as a Lepa, these Dravyas possess the qualities of Sandhaniya, Shodhahara, and Vedanashaman action.
It is need of today era to develop Ayurvedic protocol for ankle sprain. Hence, this study is taken up to develop protocol according to Ayurved. Phase wise distribution of Lepa, Patta Bhandhan mentioned in this article.
Clube de argumentação no IFRN Câmpus Ipanguaçu
Authors: Martins Wíliton José De Araújo , Costa Elis Betânia Guedes da 
Published: December 2024

O presente trabalho relata uma experiência no âmbito do projeto de extensão Argumentação e cidadandia do IFRN Campus Ipanguaçu ao longo de 2023. Tal projeto objetivou aproximar estudantes do universo da argumentação, engajando-os em atividades de leitura e produção de textos. Para isso, buscou-se respaldo teórico em autores como Charaudeau (2020), Emediato (2004), Fiorin (2016) e Koch (2011), os quais apresentam direcionamentos acerca da argumentação e de suas formas de expressão. As atividades foram organizadas em três fases bem demarcadas: formação teórica; prática de leitura e produção textual; e intervenção externa. De forma geral, ao longo da extensão, o grupo mostrou-se assíduo, participativo e competente na elaboração e recepção de textos.
The Effect of Using Virtual Reality Media Obak Delik on Improving the Spatial Visual Abilities and Critical Thinking of SMAN 1 Tuban Students
Authors: Winata Anggun 
Published: December 2024

One of the chemistry concepts that students often get low learning outcomes in class XI is the concept of molecular shape. Many students have difficulty describing the shape of molecules and this causes students to misunderstand molecular shapes because the shape of molecules is abstract and cannot be observed directly using the sense of sight. The research aims to determine the effect of using OBAK DELIK virtual reality media on the visual spatial and critical thinking abilities of students at SMA N 1 Tuban. The research used a one group pretest posttest design to determine visual spatial abilities and critical thinking abilities. Analysis of research data was carried out by analyzing diagnostic test results using the n-gain score. The results of research using OBAK DELIK media concluded that students' visual spatial and students' critical thinking abilities experienced a fairly effective increase with an n-gain of consecutively 0.621 and 0.618
Studi Literatur : Rimpang Sebagai Tanaman Indonesia Dengan Efektivitas Antidiabetes
Authors: Wahyudi  , Pivit Rahayu  , Rini Handayani  , Syaira Alfauza  , Windi Zahrani  
Published: December 2024

Bahan baku obat tradisional adalah tanaman herbal yang tersebar di seluruh Indonesia. Ada 30.000 spesies tanaman di hutan tropis Indonesia. Rimpang adalah jenis rempah-rempah yang berbentuk batang dan tumbuh di bawah permukaan tanah. Rimpang dari berbagai jenis tanaman telah digunakan secara tradisional untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit, seperti diabetes, seperti jahe (zingiber officinale), kunyit (curcuma longa), dan temulawak (curcuma zanthorrhiza). Indonesia menempati urutan ke-7 di dunia dalam hal jumlah penderita diabetes mellitus (DM) dengan 8,5 juta orang. Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk membuat ka
Bahan baku obat tradisional adalah tanaman herbal yang tersebar di seluruh Indonesia. Ada 30.000 spesies tanaman di hutan tropis Indonesia. Rimpang adalah jenis rempah-rempah yang berbentuk batang dan tumbuh di bawah permukaan tanah. Rimpang dari berbagai jenis tanaman telah digunakan secara tradisional untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit, seperti diabetes, seperti jahe (zingiber officinale), kunyit (curcuma longa), dan temulawak (curcuma zanthorrhiza). Indonesia menempati urutan ke-7 di dunia dalam hal jumlah penderita diabetes mellitus (DM) dengan 8,5 juta orang. Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk membuat kajian literatur efektivitas berbagai rimpang indonesia sebagai antidiabetes. Metode dalam studi literatur ini dengan cara mengumpulkan artikel penelitian yang berkaitan dengan rimpang indonesia sebagai antidiabetes yang telah dipublikasi pada tahun 2019-2024. Pengumpulan artikel dilakukan dengan cara mengakses google scholar dengan kata kunci yang relevan. Hasil penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa rimpang(rhizoma) seperti jahe (zingiber officinale), kunyit (curcuma longa), dan temulawak(curcuma zanthorrhiza) mempunyai efektivitas yang signifikan dalam pengobatan antidiabetes. Rimpang indonesia berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi obat tradisional, dan obat antidiabetes.

jian literatur efektivitas berbagai rimpang indonesia sebagai antidiabetes. Metode dalam studi literatur ini dengan cara mengumpulkan artikel penelitian yang berkaitan dengan rimpang indonesia sebagai antidiabetes yang telah dipublikasi pada tahun 2019-2024. Pengumpulan artikel dilakukan dengan cara mengakses google scholar dengan kata kunci yang relevan. Hasil penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa rimpang(rhizoma) seperti jahe (zingiber officinale), kunyit (curcuma longa), dan temulawak(curcuma zanthorrhiza) mempunyai efektivitas yang signifikan dalam pengobatan antidiabetes. Rimpang indonesia berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi obat tradisional, dan obat antidiabetes.
Letters of Allama Muhammad Iqbal to Ghulam Abbas Aram: Review of text, footnotes and key discussions
Authors: DR. TARIQ MAHMOOD  , DR. ALI BAYAT  
Published: December 2024

One of Iqbal's correspondents was Ghulam Abbas Aram who was serving in Bombay at that time. He was born in 1903 in Yazd. His father, Ali-Reza, a tea seller, was a preacher of the Baha'i sect. It is clear from Ghulam Abbas Aram's Makatib-e-Iqbal that he was a scholar who had a special interest in poetry, literature, Sufism and philosophy. The available letters of Allama Iqbal to Ghulam Abbas Aram are in English, four in number and their duration is very limited. No information is available about how the introduction between Iqbal and Aram came about. Ghulam Abbas Aram neither wrote any article nor any other writing about Allama Iqbal's thoughts and correspondence with him. In this way, there is no other sign except these letters in his remaining documents. However, Ghulam Abbas Aram made sure that he kept them safe in his personal documents. Later, a distinguished Iranian translator and researcher, Dr. Hussain Ali Nozri, translated these English letters into Persian and they appeared in the first issue of the former magazine of this institute, "Tarikh Maasari Iran" in 1997.
These letters are very helpful in understanding Iqbal's intellectual connection and preoccupation with Iran.
PRELIMINARY RECORDS OF PERIPHYTON ALGAE IN ERUVBI STREAM, EDO STATE, NIGERIA.
Authors: OGBEBOR J.U. , KADIRI M.O. 
Published: December 2024

This paper provides records of periphyton from Eruvbi stream in Edo State, Nigeria. Periphyton samples were scrapped from aquatic macrophytes, twigs, plant litter, wood, stones leaves, and roots of aquatic macrophytes, found in and around the streams’ bank and preserved in 4% unbuffered formalin. Periphyton samples were examined microscopically using several taxonomic literatures. Results revealed a total of 67 periphyton taxa distributed within five divisions namely; Bacillariophyta (27), Chlorophyta (25), Euglenophyta, (8), Cyanophyta (5) and Rhodophyta (2). Most commonly occurring species were of the genera Navicula ≥ Oscillatoria > Ulothrix > Frustulia > Microspora > Spirogyra > Closterium. However, of all taxa recorded, the desmid genus Closterium was by far the most diverse floristically with 10 species, accounting for 40% of the Chlorophyta assemblage and 15% of the total periphyton species assemblage. Periphyton algae records provided in this study are baseline data for future phycological assessments of Eruvbi stream.