bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plastic Deformation of Plagioclase in Oceanic Gabbro Accreted at a Slow‐Spreading Ridge (Hole U1473A, Atlantis Bank, Southwest Indian Ridge)
Authors: Allard Maël , Ildefonse Benoît , Oliot Émilien , Barou Fabrice 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCrustal architecture at slow‐spreading oceanic ridges results from complex interactions between magmatism, hydrothermalism, and tectonics. IODP Hole U1473A was drilled during Expeditions 360 and 362T at the summit of the Atlantis Bank, a gabbroic massif exhumed at the Southwest Indian Ridge. In this study, we identify and quantify plastic deformation processes in gabbroic lithologies and active slip systems in plagioclase from 115 microstructural domains throughout Hole U1473A. We describe deformed zones using petrographic observations and electron backscattered diffraction analyses made all along the core. Ductile deformation is widespread, and in places strongly localized in mylonitic and ultramylonitic zones. Plagioclase represents ∼60% of rock's volume and is the dominant phase accommodating deformation in samples. It shows strong dynamic recrystallization accommodated by subgrain rotation in the dislocation creep regime, forming a fine‐grained matrix. Electron backscattered diffraction analyses reveal weak to moderate crystallographic preferred orientations of plagioclase as a result of plastic deformation and strain localization, producing a fabric characterized by (010) parallel to the foliation plane and [100] parallel to the lineation. The fabric strength is first increasing from slightly deformed lithologies to mylonites before decreasing significantly in ultramylonites. This could be explained by orientation scattering after recrystallization, and a change of active slip systems. Subsequent granular flow has likely occurred in some samples. A detailed investigation of intracrystalline misorientations measured at plagioclase subgrain boundaries reveals the activity of four dominant slip systems: [001](010), [100](001), ½[110](001), and ½[](001). These slip systems reflect decreasing temperatures during CPO development and subgrain wall formation.
Alzheimer’s disease profiled by fluid and imaging markers: tau PET best predicts cognitive decline
Authors: Bucci Marco , Chiotis Konstantinos , Nordberg Agneta ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: October 2021

AbstractFor early detection of Alzheimer’s disease, it is important to find biomarkers with predictive value for disease progression and clinical manifestations, such as cognitive decline. Individuals can now be profiled based on their biomarker status for Aβ42 (A) or tau (T) deposition and neurodegeneration (N). The aim of this study was to compare the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and imaging (PET/MR) biomarkers in each ATN category and to assess their ability to predict longitudinal cognitive decline. A subset of 282 patients, who had had at the same time PET investigations with amyloid-β and tau tracers, CSF sampling, and structural MRI (18% within 13 months), was selected from the ADNI dataset. The participants were grouped by clinical diagnosis at that time: cognitively normal, subjective memory concern, early or late mild cognitive impairment, or AD. Agreement between CSF (amyloid-β-1-42(A), phosphorylated-Tau181(T), total-Tau(N)), and imaging (amyloid-β PET (florbetaben and florbetapir)(A), tau PET (flortaucipir)(T), hippocampal volume (MRI)(N)) positivity in ATN was assessed with Cohen’s Kappa. Linear mixed-effects models were used to predict decline in the episodic memory. There was moderate agreement between PET and CSF for A biomarkers (Kappa = 0.39–0.71), while only fair agreement for T biomarkers (Kappa ≤ 0.40, except AD) and discordance for N biomarkers across all groups (Kappa ≤ 0.14) was found. Baseline PET tau predicted longitudinal decline in episodic memory irrespective of CSF p-Tau181 positivity (p ≤ 0.02). Baseline PET tau and amyloid-β predicted decline in episodic memory (p ≤ 0.0001), but isolated PET amyloid-β did not. Isolated PET Tau positivity was only observed in 2 participants (0.71% of the sample). While results for amyloid-β were similar using CSF or imaging, CSF and imaging results for tau and neurodegeneration were not interchangeable. PET tau positivity was superior to CSF p-Tau181 and PET amyloid-β in predicting cognitive decline in the AD continuum within 3 years of follow-up.
Epithelial argininosuccinate synthetase is dispensable for intestinal regeneration and tumorigenesis
Authors: van der Meer Jonathan H. M. , de Boer Ruben J. , Meijer Bartolomeus J. , Smit Wouter L. , Vermeulen Jacqueline L. M. , Meisner Sander , van Roest Manon , Koelink Pim J. , Dekker Evelien , Hakvoort Theodorus B. M. , Koster Jan , Hawinkels Lukas J. A. C. , Heijmans Jarom , Struijs Eduard A. , Boermeester Marja A. , van den Brink Gijs R. , Muncan Vanesa 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe epithelial signaling pathways involved in damage and regeneration, and neoplastic transformation are known to be similar. We noted upregulation of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1) in hyperproliferative intestinal epithelium. Since ASS1 leads to de novo synthesis of arginine, an important amino acid for the growth of intestinal epithelial cells, its upregulation can contribute to epithelial proliferation necessary to be sustained during oncogenic transformation and regeneration. Here we investigated the function of ASS1 in the gut epithelium during tissue regeneration and tumorigenesis, using intestinal epithelial conditionalAss1knockout mice and organoids, and tissue specimens from colorectal cancer patients. We demonstrate that ASS1 is strongly expressed in the regenerating andApc-mutated intestinal epithelium. Furthermore, we observe an arrest in amino acid flux of the urea cycle, which leads to an accumulation of intracellular arginine. However, loss of epithelialAss1does not lead to a reduction in proliferation or increase in apoptosis in vivo, also in mice fed an arginine-free diet. Epithelial loss ofAss1seems to be compensated by altered arginine metabolism in other cell types and the liver.
BRCA1 prevents R-loop-associated centromeric instability
Authors: Racca Carine , Britton Sébastien , Hédouin Sabrine , Francastel Claire , Calsou Patrick , Larminat Florence 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCentromeres are defined by chromatin containing the histone H3 variant CENP-A assembled onto repetitive α-satellite sequences, which are actively transcribed throughout the cell cycle. Centromeres play an essential role in chromosome inheritance and genome stability through coordinating kinetochores assembly during mitosis. Structural and functional alterations of the centromeres cause aneuploidy and chromosome aberrations which can induce cell death. In human cells, the tumor suppressor BRCA1 associates with centromeric chromatin in the absence of exogenous damage. While we previously reported that BRCA1 contributes to proper centromere homeostasis, the mechanism underlying its centromeric function and recruitment was not fully understood. Here, we show that BRCA1 association with centromeric chromatin depends on the presence of R-loops, which are non-canonical three-stranded structures harboring a DNA:RNA hybrid and are frequently formed during transcription. Subsequently, BRCA1 counteracts the accumulation of R-loops at centromeric α-satellite repeats. Strikingly, BRCA1-deficient cells show impaired localization of CENP-A, higher transcription of centromeric RNA, increased breakage at centromeres and formation of acentric micronuclei, all these features being R-loop-dependent. Finally, BRCA1 depletion reveals a Rad52-dependent hyper-recombination process between centromeric satellite repeats, associated with centromere instability and missegregation. Altogether, our findings provide molecular insights into the key function of BRCA1 in maintaining centromere stability and identity.
Long-term safety and efficacy of intramyocardial adenovirus-mediated VEGF-DΔNΔC gene therapy eight-year follow-up of phase I KAT301 study
Authors: Leikas Aleksi J. , Hassinen Iiro , Hedman Antti , Kivelä Antti , Ylä-Herttuala Seppo , Hartikainen Juha E. K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn phase I KAT301 trial, intramyocardial adenovirus-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor -DΔNΔC (AdVEGF-D) gene therapy (GT) resulted in a significant improvement in myocardial perfusion reserve and relieved symptoms in refractory angina patients at 1-year follow-up without major safety concerns. We investigated the long-term safety and efficacy of AdVEGF-D GT. 30 patients (24 in VEGF-D group and 6 blinded, randomized controls) were followed for 8.2 years (range 6.3–10.4 years). Patients were interviewed for the current severity of symptoms (Canadian Cardiovascular Society class, CCS) and perceived benefit from GT. Medical records were reviewed to assess the incidence of major cardiovascular adverse event (MACE) and other predefined safety endpoints. MACE occurred in 15 patients in VEGF-D group and in five patients in control group (21.5 vs. 24.9 per 100 patient-years; hazard ratio 0.97; 95% confidence interval 0.36–2.63; P = 0.95). Mortality and new-onset comorbidity were similar between the groups. Angina symptoms (CCS) were less severe compared to baseline in VEGF-D group (1.9 vs. 2.9; P = 0.006) but not in control group (2.2 vs. 2.6; P = 0.414). Our study indicates that intramyocardial AdVEGF-D GT is safe in the long-term. In addition, the relief of symptoms remained significant during the follow-up.
Geographical drivers and climate-linked dynamics of Lassa fever in Nigeria
Authors: Redding David W. , Gibb Rory , Dan-Nwafor Chioma C. , Ilori Elsie A. , Yashe Rimamdeyati Usman , Oladele Saliu H. , Amedu Michael O. , Iniobong Akanimo , Attfield Lauren A. , Donnelly Christl A. , Abubakar Ibrahim , Jones Kate E. , Ihekweazu Chikwe 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLassa fever is a longstanding public health concern in West Africa. Recent molecular studies have confirmed the fundamental role of the rodent host (Mastomys natalensis) in driving human infections, but control and prevention efforts remain hampered by a limited baseline understanding of the disease’s true incidence, geographical distribution and underlying drivers. Here, we show that Lassa fever occurrence and incidence is influenced by climate, poverty, agriculture and urbanisation factors. However, heterogeneous reporting processes and diagnostic laboratory access also appear to be important drivers of the patchy distribution of observed disease incidence. Using spatiotemporal predictive models we show that including climatic variability added retrospective predictive value over a baseline model (11% decrease in out-of-sample predictive error). However, predictions for 2020 show that a climate-driven model performs similarly overall to the baseline model. Overall, with ongoing improvements in surveillance there may be potential for forecasting Lassa fever incidence to inform health planning.
Single-molecule junction spontaneously restored by DNA zipper
Authors: Harashima Takanori , Fujii Shintaro , Jono Yuki , Terakawa Tsuyoshi , Kurita Noriyuki , Kaneko Satoshi , Kiguchi Manabu , Nishino Tomoaki 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe electrical properties of DNA have been extensively investigated within the field of molecular electronics. Previous studies on this topic primarily focused on the transport phenomena in the static structure at thermodynamic equilibria. Consequently, the properties of higher-order structures of DNA and their structural changes associated with the design of single-molecule electronic devices have not been fully studied so far. This stems from the limitation that only extremely short DNA is available for electrical measurements, since the single-molecule conductance decreases sharply with the increase in the molecular length. Here, we report a DNA zipper configuration to form a single-molecule junction. The duplex is accommodated in a nanogap between metal electrodes in a configuration where the duplex is perpendicular to the nanogap axis. Electrical measurements reveal that the single-molecule junction of the 90-mer DNA zipper exhibits high conductance due to the delocalized π system. Moreover, we find an attractive self-restoring capability that the single-molecule junction can be repeatedly formed without full structural breakdown even after electrical failure. The DNA zipping strategy presented here provides a basis for novel designs of single-molecule junctions.
Circadian neurons in the paraventricular nucleus entrain and sustain daily rhythms in glucocorticoids
Authors: Jones Jeff R. , Chaturvedi Sneha , Granados-Fuentes Daniel , Herzog Erik D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSignals from the central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), must be decoded to generate daily rhythms in hormone release. Here, we hypothesized that the SCN entrains rhythms in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to time the daily release of corticosterone. In vivo recording revealed a critical circuit from SCN vasoactive intestinal peptide (SCNVIP)-producing neurons to PVN corticotropin-releasing hormone (PVNCRH)-producing neurons. PVNCRH neurons peak in clock gene expression around midday and in calcium activity about three hours later. Loss of the clock gene Bmal1 in CRH neurons results in arrhythmic PVNCRH calcium activity and dramatically reduces the amplitude and precision of daily corticosterone release. SCNVIP activation reduces (and inactivation increases) corticosterone release and PVNCRH calcium activity, and daily SCNVIP activation entrains PVN clock gene rhythms by inhibiting PVNCRH neurons. We conclude that daily corticosterone release depends on coordinated clock gene and neuronal activity rhythms in both SCNVIP and PVNCRH neurons.
Grafting nanometer metal/oxide interface towards enhanced low-temperature acetylene semi-hydrogenation
Authors: Zou Shihui , Lou Baohui , Yang Kunran , Yuan Wentao , Zhu Chongzhi , Zhu Yihan , Du Yonghua , Lu Linfang , Liu Juanjuan , Huang Weixin , Yang Bo , Gong Zhongmiao , Cui Yi , Wang Yong , Ma Lu , Ma Jingyuan , Jiang Zheng , Xiao Liping , Fan Jie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMetal/oxide interface is of fundamental significance to heterogeneous catalysis because the seemingly “inert” oxide support can modulate the morphology, atomic and electronic structures of the metal catalyst through the interface. The interfacial effects are well studied over a bulk oxide support but remain elusive for nanometer-sized systems like clusters, arising from the challenges associated with chemical synthesis and structural elucidation of such hybrid clusters. We hereby demonstrate the essential catalytic roles of a nanometer metal/oxide interface constructed by a hybrid Pd/Bi2O3 cluster ensemble, which is fabricated by a facile stepwise photochemical method. The Pd/Bi2O3 cluster, of which the hybrid structure is elucidated by combined electron microscopy and microanalysis, features a small Pd-Pd coordination number and more importantly a Pd-Bi spatial correlation ascribed to the heterografting between Pd and Bi terminated Bi2O3 clusters. The intra-cluster electron transfer towards Pd across the as-formed nanometer metal/oxide interface significantly weakens the ethylene adsorption without compromising the hydrogen activation. As a result, a 91% selectivity of ethylene and 90% conversion of acetylene can be achieved in a front-end hydrogenation process with a temperature as low as 44 °C.
Synthetic accessibility and stability rules of NASICONs
Authors: Ouyang Bin , Wang Jingyang , He Tanjin , Bartel Christopher J. , Huo Haoyan , Wang Yan , Lacivita Valentina , Kim Haegyeom , Ceder Gerbrand 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper we develop the stability rules for NASICON-structured materials, as an example of compounds with complex bond topology and composition. By first-principles high-throughput computation of 3881 potential NASICON phases, we have developed guiding stability rules of NASICON and validated the ab initio predictive capability through the synthesis of six attempted materials, five of which were successful. A simple two-dimensional descriptor for predicting NASICON stability was extracted with sure independence screening and machine learned ranking, which classifies NASICON phases in terms of their synthetic accessibility. This machine-learned tolerance factor is based on the Na content, elemental radii and electronegativities, and the Madelung energy and can offer reasonable accuracy for separating stable and unstable NASICONs. This work will not only provide tools to understand the synthetic accessibility of NASICON-type materials, but also demonstrates an efficient paradigm for discovering new materials with complicated composition and atomic structure.
Achieving stable Na metal cycling via polydopamine/multilayer graphene coating of a polypropylene separator
Authors: Qin Jieqiong , Shi Haodong , Huang Kai , Lu Pengfei , Wen Pengchao , Xing Feifei , Yang Bing , Ye Mao , Yu Yan , Wu Zhong-Shuai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSodium metal batteries are considered one of the most promising low-cost high-energy-density electrochemical energy storage systems. However, the growth of unfavourable Na metal deposition and the limited cell cycle life hamper the application of this battery system at a large scale. Here, we propose the use of polypropylene separator coated with a composite material comprising polydopamine and multilayer graphene to tackle these issues. The oxygen- and nitrogen- containing moieties as well as the nano- and meso- porous network of the coating allow cycling of Na metal electrodes in symmetric cell configuration for over 2000 h with a stable 4 mV overpotential at 1 mA cm−2. When tested in full Na || Na3V2(PO4)3 coin cell, the coated separator enables the delivery of a stable capacity of about 100 mAh g−1 for 500 cycles (90% capacity retention) at a specific current of 235 mA g−1 and satisfactory rate capability performances (i.e., 75 mAh g−1 at 3.5 A g−1).
Human commensal gut Proteobacteria withstand type VI secretion attacks through immunity protein-independent mechanisms
Authors: Flaugnatti Nicolas , Isaac Sandrine , Lemos Rocha Leonardo F. , Stutzmann Sandrine , Rendueles Olaya , Stoudmann Candice , Vesel Nina , Garcia-Garcera Marc , Buffet Amandine , Sana Thibault G. , Rocha Eduardo P. C. , Blokesch Melanie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile the major virulence factors for Vibrio cholerae, the cause of the devastating diarrheal disease cholera, have been extensively studied, the initial intestinal colonization of the bacterium is not well understood because non-human adult animals are refractory to its colonization. Recent studies suggest the involvement of an interbacterial killing device known as the type VI secretion system (T6SS). Here, we tested the T6SS-dependent interaction of V. cholerae with a selection of human gut commensal isolates. We show that the pathogen efficiently depleted representative genera of the Proteobacteria in vitro, while members of the Enterobacter cloacae complex and several Klebsiella species remained unaffected. We demonstrate that this resistance against T6SS assaults was mediated by the production of superior T6SS machinery or a barrier exerted by group I capsules. Collectively, our data provide new insights into immunity protein-independent T6SS resistance employed by the human microbiota and colonization resistance in general.
Enhancer-associated H3K4 methylation safeguards in vitro germline competence
Authors: Bleckwehl Tore , Crispatzu Giuliano , Schaaf Kaitlin , Respuela Patricia , Bartusel Michaela , Benson Laura , Clark Stephen J. , Dorighi Kristel M. , Barral Antonio , Laugsch Magdalena , van IJcken Wilfred F. J. , Manzanares Miguel , Wysocka Joanna , Reik Wolf , Rada-Iglesias Álvaro 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGermline specification in mammals occurs through an inductive process whereby competent cells in the post-implantation epiblast differentiate into primordial germ cells (PGC). The intrinsic factors that endow epiblast cells with the competence to respond to germline inductive signals remain unknown. Single-cell RNA sequencing across multiple stages of an in vitro PGC-like cells (PGCLC) differentiation system shows that PGCLC genes initially expressed in the naïve pluripotent stage become homogeneously dismantled in germline competent epiblast like-cells (EpiLC). In contrast, the decommissioning of enhancers associated with these germline genes is incomplete. Namely, a subset of these enhancers partly retain H3K4me1, accumulate less heterochromatic marks and remain accessible and responsive to transcriptional activators. Subsequently, as in vitro germline competence is lost, these enhancers get further decommissioned and lose their responsiveness to transcriptional activators. Importantly, using H3K4me1-deficient cells, we show that the loss of this histone modification reduces the germline competence of EpiLC and decreases PGCLC differentiation efficiency. Our work suggests that, although H3K4me1 might not be essential for enhancer function, it can facilitate the (re)activation of enhancers and the establishment of gene expression programs during specific developmental transitions.
In-situ anodic precipitation process for highly efficient separation of aluminum alloys
Authors: Zhong Yu-Ke , Liu Ya-Lan , Liu Kui , Wang Lin , Mei Lei , Gibson John K. , Chen Jia-Zhuang , Jiang Shi-Lin , Liu Yi-Chuan , Yuan Li-Yong , Chai Zhi-Fang , Shi Wei-Qun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrorefining process has been widely used to separate and purify metals, but it is limited by deposition potential of the metal itself. Here we report in-situ anodic precipitation (IAP), a modified electrorefining process, to purify aluminium from contaminants that are more reactive. During IAP, the target metals that are more cathodic than aluminium are oxidized at the anode and forced to precipitate out in a low oxidation state. This strategy is fundamentally based on different solubilities of target metal chlorides in the NaAlCl4 molten salt rather than deposition potential of metals. The results suggest that IAP is able to efficiently and simply separate components of aluminum alloys with fast kinetics and high recovery yields, and it is also a valuable synthetic approach for metal chlorides in low oxidation states.
Increased interstitial fluid in periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities in patients with suspected idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Rau Alexander , Reisert Marco , Kellner Elias , Hosp Jonas A. , Urbach Horst , Demerath Theo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPeriventricular white matter changes are common in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and considered to represent focally elevated interstitial fluid. We compared diffusion measures in periventricular hyperintensities in patients with imaging features of iNPH to patients without. The hypothesis is that periventricular hyperintensities in patients with presumed iNPH show higher water content than in patients without imaging features of iNPH. 21 patients with iNPH Radscale 7–12 (“high probability of iNPH”) and 10 patients with iNPH Radscale 2–4 (“low probability of iNPH”) were examined with a neurodegeneration imaging protocol including a diffusion microstructure imaging sequence. Periventricular hyperintensities and deep white matter hyperintensities were segmented and diffusion measures were compared. In patients with imaging features of iNPH, the free water content in periventricular hyperintensities was significantly higher compared to the control group (p = 0.005). This effect was also detectable in deep white matter hyperintensities (p = 0.024). Total brain volumes and total gray or white matter volumes did not differ between the groups. Periventricular cap free water fraction was highly discriminative regarding patients with presumed iNPH and controls with an ROC AUC of 0.933. Quantitative diffusion microstructure imaging shows elevated water content in periventricular hyperintensities in patients with imaging features of iNPH, which could be the imaging correlate for pathologic fluid accumulation and may be used as an imaging biomarker in the future.