bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering Lattice Dislocations of TiO2 Support of PdZn−ZnO Dual‐Site Catalysts to Boost CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol
Authors: Li Xiaoshen , Cheng Qingpeng , Zhang Yingtian , Liu Yunhao , Pan Yu , Zhao Dejian , Xiong Shaohui , Liu Wei , Jiang Xueyang , Yan Jiayan , Duan Xiang , Tian Ye , Li Xingang 
Published: December 2024

AbstractCO2 hydrogenation to methanol using green hydrogen derived from renewable resources provides a promising method for sustainable carbon cycle but suffers from high selectivity towards byproduct CO. Here, we develop an efficient PdZn−ZnO/TiO2 catalyst by engineering lattice dislocation structures of TiO2 support. We discover that this modification orders irregularly arranged atoms in TiO2 to stabilize crystal lattice, and consequently weakens electronic interactions with supported active phases. It facilitates the transformation of metallic Pd into PdZn alloy, effectively suppressing CO production through inhibiting the reverse water‐gas shift reaction mediated by the carboxylate pathway on Pd0 sites. Moreover, it enables the efficient transfer of hydrogen species via hydrogen spillover from PdZn alloy to ZnO for compensating the poor hydrogen dissociation ability of ZnO, thereby creating both more oxygen vacancies essential for CO2 activation and a hydroxyl‐rich environment conducive to hydrogenation of intermediates. These collective modifications on PdZn−ZnO dual sites synergistically induce the propensity of the formate pathway for methanol synthesis. Consequently, compared to the unmodified catalyst, our as‐designed catalyst increases methanol selectivity from 64.2 to 80.0 %, reduces CO selectivity from 35.0 to 19.8 %, and achieves an impressive methanol space‐time yield of 9028.0 mgMeOH gPd+Zn−1 h−1 at a similar CO2 conversion (~8.0 %).
Preparation and Heat‐Setting of Warp‐Knitted Silk Patches for Soft Tissue Repairs
Authors: Yan Linya , Wang Jinfeng , Mao Ying , Zhao Hongshi , Chen Wenxing , Lu Wangyang 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCurrently, synthetic materials for soft tissue repair are non‐biodegradable and rigid, while biodegradable natural polymer materials exhibit low mechanical strength. This study focuses on creating biodegradable silk patches with superior mechanical properties using warp knitting. Four kinds of silk patches were made, degummed, and their structural parameters and mechanical properties were evaluated. An orthogonal experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of heat‐setting temperature and time on the patches' mechanical properties. The results show that the #D patch, with its moderate thickness and density, large and concentrated pores, high strength, and low elongation, closely resembles natural soft tissue. After heat setting at 120°C for 3 min, the mechanical properties significantly enhanced (up to 17.1%). The patch exhibited a longitudinal tensile strength of 276.81 N, transverse tensile strength of 330.73 N, burst strength of 1566.5 N, longitudinal tear strength of 307.33 N, transverse tear strength of 124.66 N, longitudinal suture pullout strength of 53.28 N, and transverse suture pullout strength of 73.89 N. This method of using warp knitting and digital weaving technology allows for the preparation of silk patches suitable for soft tissue repair, with high strength, stability, and porosity, making them ideal for tendon and rotator cuff repairs.
Enhancement of Composite Material Properties Based on Aggregate Network Modulation
Authors: Jiang Yifan , Zhou Fengli , Yong Zhanfu , Song Jianhui 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTCompounding technology and the theory of filled polymers have progressed substantially. Valuable insight from these developments is that carbon black‐filled wet rubber greatly enhances the filler's dispersion and dispersion state in the matrix. The enhanced dispersion noticeably improves the properties of the polymer. This paper systematically investigated the effects of silanization reactions on filler dispersion, interaction force, and aggregation networks. Their potential impact on polymers' properties was also evaluated. To this end, we evaluated the effects of different ratios of Si69 and silica fillers in wet and dry rubbers. For better characterization and utilization of the filler network structure, the filler–filler, filler–rubber, and rubber–rubber interactions were analyzed using the Mooney–Rivlin curve model. The results revealed that wet blending and silanization reactions primarily regulated the aggregate size and filler network strength. Increasing silica content improved the Payne effect. Notably, incorporating an appropriate filler content could effectively enhance rubber's physical and mechanical properties. This paper effectively optimized the structure and properties of filled polymers by controlling silanization reaction and applying wet mixing. This research contributes to the theoretical and experimental foundation of studies in relevant fields.
Nanophase Structure and Performances of Proton‐Exchange Membranes Based on Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acid Ionomer and Carboxylated Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)
Authors: Wang Wenshuo , Gao Shanshan , Yu Dayang , Pan Pengju , Bao Yongzhong 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTProton‐exchange membranes (PEMs) with high proton conductivity and low methanol uptake would find potential application in direct methanol fuel cells. Herein, PEMs based on perfluorinated sulfonic acid ionomer (PFSA) and carboxylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (CPVA) were prepared by in situ acetalization of poly(vinyl alcohol) with 4‐carboxybenzaldehyde and casting of PFSA/CPVA dispersions. Effects of acetalization degree of CPVA on the hydrogen‐bond action, phase structure, and properties of PEMs have been investigated. The water domains for proton conduction are formed mainly through the aggregation of sulfonic acid groups of PFSA, uncrosslinked remained hydroxyl, and additional carboxyl groups of CPVA, while the hydrophobic domains are formed through the aggregation of fluorocarbon chains of PFSA, PVA‐PVA hydrogen bonds, and actually acetalized CPVA units. PEM containing CPVA with an acetalization degree of 30% exhibits good comprehensive performances, that is, much lower methanol uptake, similar proton conductivity (150.4 mS cm−1 at 80°C and 100% relative humidity), and single‐cell performance (43.0 mW cm−2 at 80°C) to PFSA membrane. In addition to the competitive performances, the modified PEM exhibits reduced cost due to the incorporation of cheap PVA‐based polymer.
Spoken conversational search: Evaluating the effect of system clarifications on user experience through Wizard‐of‐Oz study
Authors: Ghosh Souvick , Shah Chirag 
Published: December 2024

AbstractPrior research in human–computer interaction suggests that system‐level clarifications are necessary for understanding user intent and communicating effectively with the user. Such clarifications or explanations could contain the system's abstract knowledge of the search or a functional description of the search process (queries and information sources employed). While these interactions may aid the user and the agent in better understanding each other, very few studies have explored the influence of such clarifications on the users' search experience. This research examines whether and how system‐level clarifications (or explanations) affect the user experience when searching through spoken dialogues. We analyzed user satisfaction and preferences in systems with and without explicit clarifications in a within‐subjects Wizard‐of‐Oz user study. We recruited 25 participants and collected user–system interaction data for 50 search sessions. The user feedback was collected using pre‐ and post‐task surveys and exit interviews. Statistical and qualitative analysis of user responses yielded some interesting findings. While Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test found that using explicit system‐level clarifications had no positive influence on the user's search experience, the overall search experience degraded with system clarifications (Z = −2.066, p = 0.04). The user interview data provided valuable insights into how and when clarifications should be offered to the user.
Theoretical Understanding of Photoluminescence and Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields in a Few Halogenated Fluorescein Dyes
Authors: Mariya Tedy Annette , Manna Arun K 
Published: December 2024

AbstractVisible‐light absorbing metal‐free organic dyes are of increasing demand for various optoelectronic applications because of their great structure‐function tunability through chemical means. Several dyes also show huge potential in triplet photosensitization, generating reactive singlet oxygen. Understanding the structure‐property relationships of many well‐known fluorescein dyes is of paramount importance in designing next‐generation energy efficient dyes, which is currently limited. For example, the role of heavy atoms in the excited‐state deactivations is not fully understood for these dyes. Herein, 9 halogenated (Cl, Br, I) fluorescein dyes with varied halogen concentrations and positions are studied using time‐dependent range‐separated hybrid combined with polarizable continuum model with water dielectric for accounting of polarization and screening effects. Excited state energies of these dyes and their deactivations via radiative and non‐radiative pathways are well described using 0–0 corrected excitation energies. Calculated results are in reasonable agreement with the available experimental data. However, no systematic correlation is found between the heavy‐atom effect and calculated intersystem crossing/fluorescence rates. Not surprisingly, heavy‐atom effect is found to be more pronounced in iodinated dyes compared to their brominated analogues. Halogen position also plays a critical role in determining the excited‐state deactivation rates. All dyes show similar fluorescence rates of ~108
. Whereas, the intersystem crossing rates are much smaller and vary from ~102 to 104
. Nevertheless, lower fluorescence quantum yields for some dyes are attributed to the large internal conversion. Microscopic understanding on the excited‐state properties of several halogenated fluorescein dyes reported here will aid in developing advanced fluorescein dye based energy efficient photosensitizers and also emitters.
A Hypothesis: Metabolic Contributions to 16p11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Choo Brandon Kar Meng , Barnes Sarah , Sive Hazel 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT16p11.2 deletion syndrome is a severe genetic disorder associated with the deletion of 27 genes from a Copy Number Variant region on human chromosome 16. Symptoms associated include cognitive impairment, language and motor delay, epilepsy or seizures, psychiatric disorders, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), changes in head size and body weight, and dysmorphic features, with a crucial need to define genes and mechanisms responsible for symptomatology. In this review, we analyze the clinical associations and biological pathways of 16p11.2 locus genes and identify that a majority of 16p11.2 genes relate to metabolic processes. We present a hypothesis in which changes in the dosage of 16p11.2 metabolic genes contribute to pathology through direct or indirect alterations in pathways that include amino acids or proteins, DNA, RNA, catabolism, lipid, energy (carbohydrate). This hypothesis suggests that research into the specific roles of each metabolic gene will help identify useful therapeutic targets.
Sensitivity Analysis for Effects of Multiple Exposures in the Presence of Unmeasured Confounding
Authors: Jeong Boram , Lee Seungjae , Ye Shinhee , Lee Donghwan , Lee Woojoo 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTEpidemiological research aims to investigate how multiple exposures affect health outcomes of interest, but observational studies often suffer from biases caused by unmeasured confounders. In this study, we develop a novel sensitivity model to investigate the effect of correlated multiple exposures on the continuous health outcomes of interest. The proposed sensitivity analysis is model‐agnostic and can be applied to any machine learning algorithm. The interval of single‐ or joint‐exposure effects is efficiently obtained by solving a linear programming problem with a quadratic constraint. Some strategies for reducing the input burden in the sensitivity analysis are discussed. We demonstrate the usefulness of sensitivity analysis via numerical studies and real data application.
The Quantum Leap Toward a Sustainable Future: Exploring the Nexus Between Blockchain, Circular Economy, and Managerial Perceptions
Authors: Dalvi‐Esfahani Mohammad , Azar Nasrin , Leong Lam Wai , Ramayah T. , Sarker Moniruzzaman 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTThe planetary ecosystem currently confronts a myriad of dire environmental predicaments, necessitating immediate and decisive action to forestall irreversible damage wrought by economic activities. Embracing the tenets of circular economy (CE) presents a compelling and exigent opportunity to attenuate wastage and engender resource recycling. In this milieu, blockchain technology (BCT) emerges as a pivotal instrumentality in imbricating CE principles into the tapestry of environmentally conscientious supply chain practices. However, the enigmatic nature of the factors that undergird the seamless integration of BCT into CE practices bespeaks a pressing need for further elucidation. This inquiry endeavors to scrutinize executives' perspectives regarding adopting BCT as a fulcrum for CE and its multifaceted impact on organizational performance. A research model predicated on the belief–action–outcome (BAO) framework was conceptualized and scrutinized utilizing partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) with data gleaned from 164 responses from Malaysian manufacturing firms. The findings evince that respondents' attitudes were significantly swayed by the organizational CE culture, their cognitive grasp of BCT principles, and their normative inclinations. Furthermore, the investigation unearthed that personal norms and attitudes wielded a palpable influence on the inclination to adopt BCT to catalyze CE, thereby exerting a substantive impact on the organization's economic and environmental performance. A roadmap delineating a trajectory to further facilitate BCT‐propelled CE is proffered.
Catalpol promotes the generation of cerebral organoids with oRGs through activation of STAT3 signaling
Authors: Lee Yoo‐Jung , Cho Byounggook , Kwon Daeyeol , Kim Yunkyung , An Saemin , Kang Soi , Kim Jongpil 
Published: December 2024

AbstractThe generation of human cortical organoids containing outer radial glia (oRG) cells is crucial for modeling neocortical development. Here we show that Catalpol, an iridoid glucoside derived from Rehmannia glutinosa, significantly enhances the generation of cerebral organoids with expanded oRG populations and increased neurogenic potential. Catalpol‐treated organoids exhibited thicker ventricular zone/subventricular zone (VZ/SVZ) and outer subventricular zone (oSVZ) regions, with increased numbers of SOX2 + HOPX+ and SOX2 + TNC+ oRG cells and elevated expression of oRG markers HOPX and FAM107A. We found that Catalpol promoted oRG generation through non‐vertical divisions of ventricular radial glia (vRG) cells, indicating enhanced oRG generation via asymmetrical divisions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Catalpol augmented oRG cell numbers through activation of the STAT3 signaling pathway. These findings highlight Catalpol's potential in promoting the generation of cerebral organoids with expanded oRG populations and increased neurogenic potential through STAT3 activation, offering new insights into neocortical development modeling.
Enrichment of Cancer‐Associated Fibroblasts, Macrophages, and Up‐Regulated TNF‐α Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment of CMS4 Colorectal Peritoneal Metastasis
Authors: Høye Eirik , Kanduri Chakravarthi , Torgunrud Annette , Lorenz Susanne , Edwin Bjørn , Larsen Stein G. , Fretland Åsmund A. , Dagenborg Vegar J. , Flatmark Kjersti , Lund‐Andersen Christin 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMetastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is the main cause of CRC mortality, with limited treatment options. Although immunotherapy has benefited some cancer patients, mCRC typically lacks the molecular features that respond to this treatment. However, recent studies indicate that the immune microenvironment of mCRC may be modified to enhance the effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors. This study aimed to explore the metastatic tumor microenvironment (TME) by comparing cell populations in colorectal liver (CLM), lung (mLu), and peritoneal (PM) metastases.MethodsRNA isolated from 20 CLM, 15 mLu, and 35 PM samples was subjected to mRNA sequencing and explored through TME deconvolution tools, consensus molecular subtyping (CMS), and differential gene expression and gene set enrichment analysis, with respect to the metastatic sites. Clinical data and KRAS/BRAF hotspot mutation status were also obtained for all the cases.ResultsThe cell type fractions in the TME were relatively similar between the metastatic sites, except for cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs), B cells, endothelial cells, and CD4+ T cells. Notably, PM showed enrichment for CAFs and endothelial cells, consistent with distinct pathways associated with metastatic growth and progression in the peritoneal cavity. PM with the mesenchymal subtype, CMS4, had increased CAFs, endothelial cells, and macrophages, along with up‐regulated genes related to TNF‐α signaling via NF‐κB, EMT, and angiogenesis.ConclusionsTumor samples from different metastatic sites exhibited a broadly similar TME in terms of immune cell composition, with some intriguing differences. Targeting CAF‐associated pathways, macrophages, and TNF‐α signaling through NR4A could represent potential novel therapeutic approaches in CMS4 PM.
Chlorinated Phenolic, Benzenoid, and Phenylethanoid Glucosides from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Fuscoporia sp. A2A6
Authors: Gao Yue , Ren Jing-Ling , Fang Zi-Cen , Wang Hai-Tao , Shen Li , Tian Li-Wen , Wu Jun 
Published: December 2024

Twelve new compounds, named fuscoposides A –L (1–12), including two phenolic, nine benzenoid, and one phenylethanoid glucosides, were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Fuscoporia sp. A2A6. The structures of these compounds were established by HRESIMS, NMR spectroscopic data, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, and chemical methods. Most notably, ten compounds, viz. fuscoposides A–J (1–9) and fuscoposide L (12), are mono‐ or di‐chlorinated. Fuscoposide C (3) exhibited moderate neuroprotective effects against H2O2–induced oxidative damage in mouse hippocampal neuron HT‐22 cells in a dose‐dependent manner at the concentration range of 2.0–6.0 μM, whereas fuscoposide G (7) decreased the expression of COX2 in LPS–stimulated mouse microglia BV2 cells at the concentration of 5.0 μM, thereby displaying anti‐inflammatory activity.
Activation of Caged Functional RNAs by An Oxidative Transformation
Authors: Heili Joseph M. , Adamala Katarzyna P. , Engelhart Aaron E. 
Published: December 2024

AbstractRNA exhibits remarkable capacity as a functional polymer, with broader catalytic and ligand‐binding capability than previously thought. Despite this, the low side chain diversity present in nucleic acids (two purines and two pyrimidines) relative to proteins (20+ side chains of varied charge, polarity, and chemical functionality) limits the capacity of functional RNAs to act as environmentally responsive polymers, as is possible for peptide‐based receptors and catalysts. Here we show that incorporation of the modified nucleobase 2‐thiouridine (2sU) into functional (aptamer and ribozyme) RNAs produces functionally inactivated polymers that can be activated by oxidative treatment. 2‐thiouridine lacksthe 2‐position oxygen found in uridine, altering its hydrogen bonding pattern. This limits critical interactions (e. g., G−U wobble pairs) that allow for proper folding. Oxidative desulfurization of the incorporated 2‐thiouridine moieties to uridine relieves this inability to fold properly, enabling recovery of function. This demonstration of expanded roles for RNA as environmentally responsive functional polymers challenges the notion that they are not known to be redox‐sensitive. Harnessing redox switchability in RNA could regulate cellular activities such as translation, or allow switching RNA between a “template” and a “catalytic” state in “RNA World” scenarios or in synthetic biology.
Effect of Guiding Catheter Extubation During Physiological Assesment of Stenosis
Authors: Karim Salma Raghad , Westra Jelmer Sybren , Rasmussen Laust Dupont , Eftekhari Ashkan , Sejr‐Hansen Martin , Winther Simon , Bøttcher Morten , Christiansen Evald Høj 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundExtubation of the coronary guiding catheter may affect flow and pressure measurements in the coronary vessel during invasive coronary angiography (ICA).AimThis study aims to investigate the impact of guiding catheter extubation on fractional flow reserve (FFR), coronary flow reserve (CFR), and the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR).MethodsThis predefined subgroup analysis of the Dan‐NICAD 2 study included patients with chronic coronary syndrome referred to ICA based on a coronary computed tomography angiography. Thermodilution was performed in all vessels evaluated with 30%–90% diameter stenosis on a visual estimate. The primary endpoints were FFR, CFR, and IMR changes when the guiding catheter was extubated from the coronary ostium. Three‐dimensional quantitative coronary angiography analysis was conducted to evaluate whether the proximal flow area, defined as the area of the guiding catheter subtracted from the area of the vessel ostium, correlated with the changes in FFR, CFR, and IMR.ResultsIn 84 patients, coronary physiological measurements were performed twice: once with the guiding catheter intubated and once extubated. FFR decreased during guiding catheter extubation (0.82 ± 0.09 vs. 0.80 ± 0.10) with a mean difference of 0.02, 95% CI [0.01–0.03], p < 0.001. Following extubation, eight patients (8.7%) showed FFR values shifting from > 0.80 to ≤ 0.80. IMR increased during guiding catheter extubation (16.8 ± 8.50 vs. 21.4 ± 16.1) with mean difference of 4.67 [95% CI 1.74–7.60], p = 0.002. No significant changes in CFR were observed; intubated 3.09 ± 1.31 vs 2.84 ± 1.30; difference mean 0.25, [95% CI −0.07 to 0.56], p = 0.12. No significant correlations were found between the proximal flow area and the difference in FFR, CFR, and IMR from intubated to extubated: (r −0.14, p = 0.23), (r −0.11, p = 0.34), and (r −0.16, p = 0.17), respectively.ConclusionExtubating the guiding catheter decreased FFR and increased IMR. This resulted in an FFR decrease from > 0.80 to ≤ 0.80 in 8.7% of patients. CFR remained unchanged. No significant correlation was found between FFR/IMR changes and proximal flow area.