bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfil sociodemográfico y caracterización en salud de mujeres víctimas de trata de personas en Chile. 2012-2017. / Sociodemographic profile and characterization in health of women victims of human trafficking in Chile. 2012-2017.
Authors: Maldonado Vivar Sebastián , Moya R. Patricia , Vidal G. Carolina 
Published: October 2021

Actualmente, el fenómeno de la trata de personas tensiona los países del mundo a dirigir sus políticas hacia esta forma de esclavitud moderna, enfatizando la detección, prevención, reparación y protección de las víctimas. En Chile, los escasos estudios existentes respecto a la trata de personas se limitan a las variables descriptivas y geográficas de la caracterización del delito, sin tener en cuenta las variables de acceso, atención y tratamientos de salud en profundidad. Este estudio pretende conocer y describir las características sociodemográficas y el estado de salud de las víctimas de trata de personas en Chile, entre 2012 y el primer semestre de 2017, mediante los ingresos formales a la única casa de protección en Chile. El estudio es cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y de corte transversal de los registros de las víctimas. Las participantes fueron 43 mujeres víctimas de trata, de 32 años de media y con uno/a o más hijos/ as. Se constata un multidiagnóstico de las víctimas, debido a la cantidad de enfermedades y programas de salud a los que ingresan. Por último, se evidencia una falta de protocolo entre la casa de protección y el sistema de salud, el cual es de vital importancia para definir la calidad de salud de las víctimas de trata de personas.
Nowadays, the phenomenon of human trafficking is pressuring countries around the world to direct policies towards this form of modern slavery, emphasizing the detection, prevention, reparation and protection of victims. In Chile, the few existing studies about human trafficking are limited to the descriptive and geographical variables of the crime characterization, without taking into account the variables of access, care and health treatments. This study pretends to know and describe the sociodemographic characteristics and health status of human trafficking victims in Chile, between 2012 and the first half of 2017, considering only the registered admissions into the only human trafficking protection home in Chile. The study is quantitative of a descriptive and cross-sectional nature of the victims’ records. The participants were 43 women victims of trafficking, 32 years old on average and with one or more children. A multidiagnosis of the victims is identified due to the number of diseases and health programs they register into. Finally, there is evidence of a lack of protocol between the protection home and the health system, which is of vital importance to determine the health of the human trafficking victims.
Merske lastnosti številske lestvice za oceno intenzivnosti bolečine pri pacientih z mišično-skeletnimi okvarami na udih – sistematični pregled literature
Authors: Hrvatin Ivana , Puh Urška 
Published: October 2021

Uvod: Za oceno intenzivnosti bolečine je pogosto v uporabi številska lestvica z ocenami od 0 do 10. Ocenjevanje je lahko ustno ali pisno. Namen pregleda literature je bil povzeti njene merske lastnosti pri pacientih z mišično-skeletnimi okvarami na udih.
Metode: Sistematično so bile pregledane podatkovne zbirke PubMed, CINAHL in Cochrane library.
Rezultati: V pregled je bilo vključenih 13 raziskav. Pri pacientih z mišično-skeletnimi okvarami na udih ima številska lestvica zelo dobro do odlično zanesljivost ponovnega ocenjevanja. Povezanost z vidno analogno lestvico in z lestvico za besedno ocenjevanje bolečine je zelo dobra do odlična, kar potrjuje veljavnost konstrukta. Najmanjša pomembna sprememba je dve oceni.
Zaključek: Številska lestvica je zanesljiva in veljavna za oceno bolečine, ki je posledica mišično-skeletnih okvar na udih. Ne moremo potrditi boljših merskih lastnosti ocenjevanja na ustni ali pisni način. Ocenjevanje mora slediti natančnim navodilom, posredovanim pacientu.
Privacy Is Hard and Seven Other Myths
Authors: Hoepman Jaap-Henk 
Published: October 2021

An expert on computer privacy and security shows how we can build privacy into the design of systems from the start.
We are tethered to our devices all day, every day, leaving data trails of our searches, posts, clicks, and communications. Meanwhile, governments and businesses collect our data and use it to monitor us without our knowledge. So we have resigned ourselves to the belief that privacy is hard—choosing to believe that websites do not share our information, for example, and declaring that we have nothing to hide anyway. In this informative and illuminating book, a computer privacy and security expert argues that privacy is not that hard if we build it into the design of systems from the start.
Along the way, Jaap-Henk Hoepman debunks eight persistent myths surrounding computer privacy. The website that claims it doesn't collect personal data, for example; Hoepman explains that most data is personal, capturing location, preferences, and other information. You don't have anything to hide? There's nothing wrong with wanting to keep personal information—even if it's not incriminating or embarrassing—private. Hoepman shows that just as technology can be used to invade our privacy, it can be used to protect it, when we apply privacy by design. Hoepman suggests technical fixes, discussing pseudonyms, leaky design, encryption, metadata, and the benefits of keeping your data local (on your own device only), and outlines privacy design strategies that system designers can apply now.
Command and Persuade
Authors: Baldwin Peter 
Published: October 2021

Why, when we have been largely socialized into good behavior, are there more laws that govern our behavior than ever before?
Levels of violent crime have been in a steady decline for centuries—for millennia, even. Over the past five hundred years, homicide rates have decreased a hundred-fold. We live in a time that is more orderly and peaceful than ever before in human history. Why, then, does fear of crime dominate modern politics? Why, when we have been largely socialized into good behavior, are there more laws that govern our behavior than ever before? In Command and Persuade, Peter Baldwin examines the evolution of the state's role in crime and punishment over three thousand years.
Baldwin explains that the involvement of the state in law enforcement and crime prevention is relatively recent. In ancient Greece, those struck by lightning were assumed to have been punished by Zeus. In the Hebrew Bible, God was judge, jury, and prosecutor when Cain killed Abel. As the state's power as lawgiver grew, more laws governed behavior than ever before; the sum total of prohibited behavior has grown continuously. At the same time, as family, community, and church exerted their influences, we have become better behaved and more law-abiding. Even as the state stands as the socializer of last resort, it also defines through law the terrain on which we are schooled into acceptable behavior. This title is also available in an Open Access edition.
Existence of Positive Solution For a Fourth-order Differential System
Authors: Kov´acs B. 
Published: October 2021

Existence of Positive Solution For a Fourth-order Differential System
where µ > 0 is a constant, and the nonlinear terms f, g may be singular with respect to the time and space variables. By fixed point theorem in cones, the existence is established for singular differential system. The results obtained herein generalize and improve some known results including singular and non-singular cases.
In-vitro Testing of Antioxidant, Anti-Parasite Activities, Cytotoxicity, and Chemical Evaluation of Abutilon Pannosum and Cassia Occidentalis Ethanolic Extracts
Authors: A. Elshikh Ahmed , E. M. ElNour Mawahib , H. Elkamali Hatil , S. Kabbashi Ahmed 
Published: October 2021

Aims: The aim of this study to detect Anti-giardia, antioxidant activities, cytotoxicity and evaluated the chemical constituent of ethanolic extracts of Abutilon pannosum and Cassia occidentalis.
Study Design: Various standard methods were used to detect of bioactivity for ethanolic extracts of plants used in this study.
Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the laboratories of microbiology and parasitology and chemistry, the International University of Africa, Khartoum, Sudan, during May 2019.
Methodology: The ethanolic extract of Abutilon pannosum and Cassia occidentalis was used as an anti-giardia and anti-oxidant in-vitro, and toxicity tests were performed using brine shrimp and MTT assay. Also, the compounds of the plants used were detected by the GCMS apparatus.
Results: The ethanolic extracts of Abutilon pannosum showed high Anti-giardia activity (79%) in concentration (500 ppm) after 72 hours, whereas the activity of Cassia occidentalis extract showed (61%). The highest antioxidant activity of ethanolic extract of Cassia occidentalis was (68.7%), while it was weak in Abutilon pannosum ethanolic extract (45%) by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The results of cytotoxicity revealed that the ethanolic extracts are highly toxic to brine shrimp, but are not toxic to normal cell line (MTT). Chromatographic analysis using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) showed good separation of compounds. GCMS detected 22 and14 important compounds in Abutilon pannosum and Cassia occidentalis extracts respectively. The common compound in both plant extracts is n-Hexadecanoic acid. This acid was reported as an antioxidant.
Conclusion: This study revealed that the biological activities of Abutilon pannosum extracts showed high activities of Anti-giardia and antioxidants. Non-cytotoxic in the normal cell line was shown. Cassia occidentalis showed high activity of Anti-giardia and weak activity antioxidant.
Can clarifying instructions mitigate the effects of multifaceted questions on susceptibility to suggestion?
Authors: Chrobak Quin M. , Braun Blair E. , Smith Allison L. , Zaragoza Maria S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen cross‐examining witnesses, lawyers will sometimes use complex questions to “trip‐up” witnesses and thus cast doubt on their testimony. Extending prior research, the present study showed that multifaceted test questions (which contain both a true and false proposition) reduced accuracy for both misled and control participants but had a disproportionate impact on the former. Although misled participants accurately rejected blatant suggestions when tested with simple questions, there was a two‐fold increase in false assents when multifaceted questions were used (Experiment 1). Providing participants with explicit instructions on how to respond to multifaceted questions (i.e., respond “yes” only if all parts of the question are true) improved accuracy slightly but did not mitigate the magnitude of the misinformation effect (Experiment 2). Collectively, the results underscore the importance of assessing eyewitness suggestibility in contexts that mimic those witnesses are likely to encounter in the real world.
Interfacial Engineering of Wide‐Bandgap Perovskites for Efficient Perovskite/CZTSSe Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Deng , Guo Hongling , Wu Xin , Deng Xiang , Li Fengzhu , Li Zhen , Lin Francis , Zhu Zonglong , Zhang Yi , Xu Baomin , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWide‐bandgap perovskites have attracted substantial attention due to their important role in serving as a top absorber in tandem solar cells (TSCs). However, wide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) typically suffer from severe non‐radiative recombination loss and therefore exhibit high open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficits. To address these issues, a 2D octyl‐diammonium lead iodide interlayer is adopted onto the hole‐transporting layer to induce the formation of an ultrathin quasi‐2D perovskite that is close to the hole‐selective interface. This approach not only accelerates hole transfer and retards hole accumulation but also reduces the trap density in the perovskite layer on top, thereby efficiently suppresses non‐radiative recombination pathways. Consequently, the champion wide‐bandgap device (≈1.66 eV) exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.05% with a VOC of 1.23 V, where the VOC deficit of 0.43 V is among the lowest values for inverted wide‐bandgap PVSCs. Moreover, by stacking a semi‐transparent perovskite top cell on a 1.1 eV Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) bottom cell, a 22.27% PCE was achieved on a perovskite/CZTSSe four‐terminal tandem solar cell, paving the way for all‐solution‐processed, low‐cost, and efficient TSCs with mitigated energy loss in the wide‐bandgap top cells.
A Flexible and Stretchable 12‐Lead Electrocardiogram System with Individually Deformable Interconnects
Authors: Wan Chunxue , Gao Shenghan , Shang Xue , Wu Ziyue , Li Tianyu , Ling Wei , Zhou Mingxing , Huo Wenxing , Guo Yu , Huang Xian 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDynamic multilead monitoring of cardiovascular health conditions is challenging due to the complexity of constructing a flexible system that covers large surface areas and synchronizes measurement results from different leads. A flexible 12‐lead electrocardiography system that can simultaneously conduct electrocardiogram sensing and 3‐axis acceleration monitoring is developed. The system is fabricated through a modularized printing process, resulting in individual modules that can be assembled reversibly through magnetic connectors. Different levels of stretchability and adjustable length of interconnect can accommodate different body statures and deformations. A wireless flexible circuit with high adaptability can deform through individually deformable interconnectors. The system is used to monitor seven people for more than 2 h, offering comparable accuracy as the commercial system. The accuracy values of R‐peak detection at 12 leads during jogging are higher than 85%, showing improved stability and excellent tolerance to motion. The system is later employed for 24 h monitoring to judge the activities and heart health conditions. All experimental results indicate that the system can be readily applied to accommodate large‐scale manufacturing and large population health monitoring.
Transparent Medium Embedded with CdS Quantum Dots for X‐Ray Imaging
Authors: Fang Zhaohui , Tang Haitao , Yang Ze , Zhang Hao , Peng Qingpeng , Yu Xue , Zhou Dacheng , Qiu Jianbei , Xu Xuhui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractScintillators, converting the absorbed high‐energy X‐ray photons into to visible ones, have been used in fields as medical diagnostics, radiation dosimetry, and security inspection. Commercial bulk scintillators generally suffer from time‐consuming production, high‐cost operation, and deteriorated performance especially exposed to humidity. Here, in situ precipitated CdS quantum dots (QDs) within the transparent glass matrix are achieved feasibly. The CdS QDs glass‐ceramic (GC) is explored to be a superior scintillator with an outstanding weather resistance. A profound radioluminescence behavior and long‐term (≈3600 s) stability under X‐ray irradiation of the scintillator with the dose rate of 1 mGyair s−1 are demonstrated. Moreover, the indirect X‐ray imaging of the CdS GC reaches excellent resolution of 10 lp mm−1. Furthermore, the damaged scintillator under a long‐term cumulative dose up to 288 Gyair is recovered via a subsequent thermal treatment. Herein, the explored scintillator of CdS GC executes a promising cost‐effective X‐ray imaging for long‐term operation of the corresponding optoelectronic devices.
A Novel Mechanism of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress‐ and c‐Myc‐Degradation‐Mediated Therapeutic Benefits of Antineurokinin‐1 Receptor Drugs in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Shi Yue , Wang Xi , Meng Yueming , Ma Junjie , Zhang Qiyu , Shao Gang , Wang Lingfei , Cheng Xurui , Hong Xiangyu , Wang Yong , Yan Zhibin , Cao Yihai , Kang Jian , Fu Caiyun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe neurokinin‐1 receptor (NK‐1R) antagonists are approved as treatment for chemotherapy‐associated nausea and vomiting in cancer patients. The emerging role of the substance P‐NK‐1R system in oncogenesis raises the possibility of repurposing well‐tolerated NK‐1R antagonists for cancer treatment. This study reports that human colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with high NK‐1R expression have poor survival, and NK‐1R antagonists SR140333 and aprepitant induce apoptotic cell death in CRC cells and inhibit CRC xenograft growth. This cytotoxicity induced by treatment with NK‐1R antagonists is mediated by induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. ER stress triggers calcium release, resulting in the suppression of prosurvival extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)‐c‐Myc signaling. Along with ER calcium release, one ER stress pathway mediated by protein kinase RNA‐like ER kinase (PERK) is specifically activated, leading to increased expression of proapoptotic C/EBP‐homologous protein (CHOP). Moreover, NK‐1R antagonists enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy by increasing the sensitivity and overcoming resistance to 5‐fluorouracil in CRC cells through the induction of sustained ER stress and the consequent suppression of ERK‐c‐Myc signaling both in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, the findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the efficacy of NK‐1R antagonists either as a single agent or in combination with chemotherapy for cancer treatment.
Classical Analog of Quantum Light Cones in 1D and 2D Dipole Systems
Authors: Batle Josep , Cerdà Joan J. , Pons Miquel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe speed at which the magnetic perturbation or information propagates along a chain of classical dipoles is discussed. While in the quantum information counterpart for long‐range interacting spins, where the speed of propagation of the information plays a paramount role, it is not strictly clear whether a light cone exists or not, numerical evidence that interacting dipoles do posses a linear light cone shortly after a perturbation takes place in classical systems is provided. Specifically, a power‐law expansion occurs which is followed by a linear propagation of the associated perturbation. As opposed to the quantum case, and in analogy with the so‐called speed of gravity problem, it is found that the speed of propagation of information can be arbitrarily large in the classical context. While it is true that quantum information outperforms any classical treatment regarding many processes and properties, it is shown that for the case of spin buffers, classical chains of dipoles can indeed play a role as auxiliary tools in both quantum communications and processing.
Dimensionality Control of Inorganic and Hybrid Perovskite Nanocrystals by Reaction Temperature: From No‐Confinement to 3D and 1D Quantum Confinement
Authors: Otero‐Martínez Clara , García‐Lojo Daniel , Pastoriza‐Santos Isabel , Pérez‐Juste Jorge , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis work focuses on the systematic investigation of the shape, size, and composition‐controlled synthesis of perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) under inert gas‐free conditions and using pre‐synthesized precursor stock solutions. In the case of CsPbBr3 NCs, we find that the lowering of reaction temperature from ∼175 to 100 °C initially leads to a change of morphology from bulk‐like 3D nanocubes to 0D nanocubes with 3D‐quantum confinement, while at temperatures below 100 °C the reaction yields 2D nanoplatelets (NPls) with 1D‐quantum confinement. However, to our surprise, at higher temperatures (∼215 °C), the reaction yields CsPbBr3 hexapod NCs, which have been rarely reported. The synthesis is scalable, and their halide composition is tunable by simply using different combinations of precursor solutions. The versatility of the synthesis is demonstrated by applying it to relatively less explored shape‐controlled synthesis of FAPbBr3 NCs. Despite the synthesis carried out in the air, both the inorganic and hybrid perovskite NCs exhibit nearly‐narrow emission without applying any size‐selective separation, and it is precisely tunable by controlling the reaction temperature.
Copper‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Enantioselective Radical Oxidative C(sp3)−H/C(sp)−H Cross‐Coupling with Rationally Designed Oxazoline‐Derived N,N,P(O)‐Ligands
Authors: Liu Lin , Guo Kai‐Xin , Tian Yu , Yang Chang‐Jiang , Gu Qiang‐Shuai , Li Zhong‐Liang , Ye Liu , Liu Xin‐Yuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe intermolecular asymmetric radical oxidative C(sp3)−C(sp) cross‐coupling of C(sp3)−H bonds with readily available terminal alkynes is a promising method to forge chiral C(sp3)−C(sp) bonds because of the high atom and step economy, but remains underexplored. Here, we report a copper‐catalyzed asymmetric C(sp3)−C(sp) cross‐coupling of (hetero)benzylic and (cyclic)allylic C−H bonds with terminal alkynes that occurs with high to excellent enantioselectivity. Critical to the success is the rational design of chiral oxazoline‐derived N,N,P(O)‐ligands that not only tolerate the strong oxidative conditions which are requisite for intermolecular hydrogen atom abstraction (HAA) processes but also induce the challenging enantiocontrol. Direct access to a range of synthetically useful chiral benzylic alkynes and 1,4‐enynes, high site‐selectivity among similar C(sp3)−H bonds, and facile synthesis of enantioenriched medicinally relevant compounds make this approach very attractive.
Duloxetine ameliorates valproicacid‐inducedhyperactivity, anxiety‐like behavior, and social interaction deficits in zebrafish
Authors: Joseph Thomson Patrick , Zhou Fang , Sai Liu Yang , Chen Hanyu , Lin Stanley Li , Schachner Melitta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSyndromic autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by impaired social communication and repetitive/stereotyped behaviors. Currently available therapeutic agents against ASD have limited efficacy. Thus, searching for novel and effective drugs ameliorating core symptoms, in particular social deficits, is of utmost importance. Duloxetine (DLX), an antidepressant that has been identified as an agonist mimetic for the cell adhesion molecule L1, exhibits beneficial functions in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the rapid and persistent neuroprotective function of DLX following valproic acid (VPA)‐triggered hyperactivity, anxiety‐like behavior and social deficits in zebrafish. Embryonic exposure to VPA reduced survival in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, delayed hatching, and also resulted in a significant number of malformed larvae. After initial dose–response experiments in zebrafish larvae, 10 μM VPA exposure between 0.33 and 4.5 days post fertilization (dpf) was identified as an effective concentration that led to an early and persistent ASD‐like phenotype in zebrafish. ASD‐like elevated acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and reduced Akt–mTOR signaling was observed in zebrafish whole brain. Acute administration of DLX (4.5–6 dpf) reduced the VPA‐induced ASD‐like phenotype in zebrafish larvae. Additionally, such early‐life acute DLX treatment had long‐term effects in ameliorating social impairments, hyperactivity, and anxiety‐like behaviors through adulthood. This was accompanied by reduced AChE activity and by normalized Akt–mTOR signaling. Overall, DLX treatment showed a long‐term therapeutic effect on autistic‐like behaviors, and alteration of AChE activity and Akt–mTOR signaling were identified as crucial in the VPA‐induced ASD zebrafish model.