bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the optimality of competition within a team
Authors: Aytimur R. Emre 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper studies the optimal team contract when the principal observes a noisy ranking of the efforts of the two team members. The objective of this paper is to understand whether it is optimal to use this competition‐promoting noisy ranking in a team setting. It is shown that noisy ranking is always part of the optimal contract both in static and repeated settings. Even though noisy ranking promotes competition between team members, it does not have a negative effect on peer monitoring incentives in a repeated setting. In summary, competition does not need to be damaging in a team setting.
The Prognostic Impact of KRAS G12C Mutation in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Chida Keigo , Kotani Daisuke , Masuishi Toshiki , Kawakami Takeshi , Kawamoto Yasuyuki , Kato Kyoko , Fushiki Kunihiro , Sawada Kentaro , Kumanishi Ryosuke , Shirasu Hiromichi , Matsubara Yuki , Yuki Satoshi , Komatsu Yoshito , Yamazaki Kentaro , Yoshino Takayuki 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Background
KRAS is one of the most frequently mutated oncogenes in colorectal cancer (CRC). Recently, a novel therapy targeting KRAS G12C mutation has demonstrated promising activities for corresponding advanced solid tumors, including metastatic CRC (mCRC). However, the prognostic impact of the KRAS G12C mutation remains unclear in patients with mCRC.

Materials and Methods
We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with mCRC who received first-line chemotherapy between January 2005 and December 2017 at four large oncology facilities in Japan. Survival outcomes were compared between patients with KRAS G12C and those with non-G12C mutations.

Results
Among 2,457 patients with mCRC, 1,632 met selection criteria, and of these, 696 had KRAS exon 2 mutations, including 45 with KRAS G12C mutation tumors. Patient characteristics were not significantly different between the KRAS G12C and non-G12C groups. At a median follow-up of 64.8 months, patients with the KRAS G12C mutation showed significantly shorter first-line progression-free survival (PFS; median, 9.4 vs. 10.8 months; p = .015) and overall survival (OS; median, 21.1 vs. 27.3 months; p = .015) than those with non-G12C mutations. Multivariate analysis also showed that KRAS G12C mutation was significantly associated with shorter PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.96, p = .030) and OS (HR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.01–2.00; p = .044).

Conclusion
We demonstrate that, compared with non-G12C mutations, KRAS G12C mutation is significantly correlated with shorter first-line PFS and OS. These findings indicate the relevance of a stratified treatment targeting KRAS G12C mutation in mCRC.

Implications for Practice
Among patients with KRAS exon 2 mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 9.4 and 21.1 months, respectively, for G12C mutation and 10.8 and 27.3 months, respectively, for patients with non-G12C mutations, indicating significantly shorter PFS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–2.01; p = .015) and OS (HR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.08–2.08; p = .015) in patients with G12C mutation than in those with non-G12C mutations. Furthermore, multivariate analysis showed that KRAS G12C mutation was independently associated with shorter first-line PFS and OS. Thus, these findings underscore the relevance of a stratified treatment targeting KRAS G12C mutation in mCRC.
Polyelectrolyte complexes of chitosan and sodium alginate as a drug delivery system for diclofenac sodium
Authors: Nikolova Denitsa , Simeonov Marin , Tzachev Christo , Apostolov Anton , Christov Lachezar , Vassileva Elena 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPolyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) have unique physicochemical properties which make them very interesting for pharmaceutical applications and particularly as drug delivery systems. The aim of this work was to obtain PECs based on the biocompatible and biodegradable biopolymers chitosan and sodium alginate and to apply them as a drug delivery system for sustained release of diclofenac sodium. Three complexes with different ratios between the two polyions were obtained. Their structure and properties were investigated using dynamic light scattering, microscopy methods (optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy), infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction. The drug entrapment efficiency of the various PECs was assessed and the release profiles were monitored. In this way the relationship between the composition of the PECs and the drug release profiles was outlined. The fibrillar form of the chitosan/alginate PECs was demonstrated to exert specific control over the diclofenac release which makes these materials appropriate as vehicles for controlled diclofenac sodium release. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Silk fibroin/chitosan hydrogel with antibacterial, hemostatic and sustained drug‐release activities
Authors: Xu Zhangpeng , Chen Tuying , Zhang Ke‐Qin , Meng Kai , Zhao Huijing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHydrogels are viable wound dressing materials that have gained increasing attention due to their specific physicochemical properties, biocompatibility and environmental responsiveness. In addition to keeping a wound area moist, hydrogels characterized by a porous network structure and regulated drug‐release capacity promote the various phases of wound healing by effectively loading a drug and inducing anti‐infection activity. In this study, we prepared a multifunctional hydrogel with antibacterial, hemostatic and sustained drug‐release activities by chemically crosslinking silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS) biomacromolecules. Results of characterization revealed that the synthesized hydrogel presents higher swelling and in vitro degradation rates under acidic conditions than in a neutral environment. Moreover, the three‐dimensional network structure of the material and the transformation of the SF secondary structure resulted in enhanced compressive mechanical properties (maximum compressive stress of 50–130 kPa). In vitro studies of drug loading and release, antibacterial assay, cytotoxicity studies, and coagulation assay were performed. Results showed that the prepared hydrogel exhibits good bacteriostatic and hemostatic properties, and it is not toxic towards human skin fibroblasts. Therefore, the designed SF/CS hydrogel constitutes an excellent candidate material for wound dressings. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
The mobilities and immobilities of rural gentrification: Staying put or moving on?
Authors: Smith Darren P. , Phillips Martin , Culora Andreas , Kinton Chloe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper analyses census data for England and Wales to explore the ties between processes of rural gentrification and recent internal migration. Internal migrants are defined as individuals who moved subnationally to their current address in the previous 12 months, as indicated by the replies to the 2001 and 2011 census question about usual address 1 year ago. Our analysis reveals declining rural in‐migration rates between 2001 and 2011, in parallel with other recent studies of internal migration. At the same time, uneven geographies of rural in‐migration are identified. In rural places with declining in‐migration rates, we emphasise the immobilities of settled gentrifiers that are caused by predilections to ‘stay put’ within prized, rural places for age‐related personal/emotional, social/support and economic reasons. This is limiting the supply pipeline of housing for latent in‐migrants and slowing flows of migration per se in saturated rural housing markets. By contrast, rural places with increasing in‐migration rates may signify new frontiers of gentrification, providing channels of entry for recent migrants that are not able to buy into exclusive high‐cost gentrified markets. Our novel argument is that despite gentrification being inherently a process of migration, when viewed in a broader temporal perspective, mature and exclusive forms of gentrification can also stifle migration and be the catalyst for immobilities.
An initialisation scheme for tropical cyclones in the South China Sea
Authors: Huang Yanyan , Feng Yerong , Dai Guangfeng , Zhang Chengzhong , Zheng Bin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe propose an initialisation scheme for weak tropical cyclones (TCs) in the South China Sea (SCS) by combining composite and analysis vortices to improve forecasts of weak TCs in the region. The composite vortex is obtained from good samples of analyses of TCs in the SCS, and the analysis vortex is obtained from either European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis data or an operational assimilation system. The new scheme has been applied to 57 cases of weak TCs, and the effect on the forecasting of four tropical storms has been studied in detail. It can be concluded that the proposed scheme can reduce track errors and intensity errors of weak TCs, compared with the control experiment. The possible reasons for these results are investigated in a case study for Linfa. Results of batch experiments show that the new method significantly improves TC track forecasting of tropical storms, severe tropical storms and typhoons, and demonstrates significant advantages in forecasting intensity of tropical storms, compared with the control experiment. It also performs better in predicting intensity of TCs in the SCS compared with ECMWF Atmospheric Model high resolution.
Influences of North Pacific anomalies on Indian summer monsoon onset
Authors: Choudhury Devanil , Tian Yurun , Chen Wen , Gao Yongqi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study finds a significantly decreasing (increasing) trend (1979–2018) of sea level pressure (SLP) over coastal East Asia (far North Pacific) during May and June, which resembles the negative (positive) Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) (North Pacific Oscillation, NPO)‐like pattern. Thus, we examine May composite differences between early and late Indian summer monsoon (ISM) onset years. Sea surface temperature (SST) differences show that early (late) ISM onset is accompanied by a negative (positive) PDO‐like state. Whereas, in SLP, an intense low pressure over northwestern India, the Arabian Sea to Southeast Asia (far North Pacific, East Asia) is associated with the early (late) onset. During the early onset, warm surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies over southeast Russia propagate towards Central Asia to the Middle East and the northwest Indian subcontinent, strengthening the land‐sea thermal contrast, which subsequently strengthens the monsoon low. We thus show how the positive NPO, negative PDO, and high spring Bering Sea ice link with the SAT anomalies. In the early onset, more wave packets generated in response to these North Pacific anomalies propagate towards the Atlantic and European region, reaching and converging over the northwest Indian subcontinent. The warm surface anomalies possibly draw eastward‐propagating waves towards northwest India, thus intensifying the monsoon low there. Meanwhile, in the CAM5 PDO simulation, we observe a similar pattern of atmospheric responses, where warm SAT anomalies associated with stationary Rossby wave trains propagate from the North Pacific towards the North Atlantic to Central Asia and the northwest Indian subcontinent, strengthening the monsoon low. Terefore, our study highlights the crucial role of the North Pacific anomalies in modulating the ISM onset processes via atmospheric pathways.
Disturbance‐observer based antiwindup control for singularly perturbed switched systems
Authors: Zhou Linna , Zhang Ying , Ma Lei , Yang Chunyu , Wang Guoqing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the antiwindup control problem for a class of saturated singularly perturbed switched systems (SPSSs) with external disturbances. A novel antiwindup control architecture is first devised for the SPSSs by using the disturbance observer technique, which contains a state feedback controller, an antiwindup compensator and a disturbance observer. By constructing a singular perturbation parameter (SPP) dependent Lyapunov function, a set invariance condition is established, under which the antiwindup controller gain matrices can be derived, for any SPP less than or equal to a predefined upper bound. An optimization algorithm is formulated to enlarge the invariant set to reduce conservativeness. Then, an optimization problem is proposed in order to improve the disturbance refection ability. Moreover, the explicit parameterization of the disturbance rejection capacity is given by the solutions to a set of optimization algorithms with a guaranteed basin of attraction. Finally, a numerical example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed antiwindup control strategy.
Finite‐time disturbance observer‐based modified super‐twisting algorithm for systems with mismatched disturbances: Application to fixed‐wing UAVs under wind disturbances
Authors: Nguyen Ngo Phong , Oh Hyondong , Kim Yoonsoo , Moon Jun , Yang Jun , Chen Wen‐Hua 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a finite‐time disturbance observer‐based modified super‐twisting algorithm (FDO‐STA) for disturbed high‐order integrator‐chain systems under matched and mismatched disturbances. We first design a finite‐time observer for disturbance estimation, in which we show the finite‐time convergence of disturbance estimation errors to zero. Second, by employing the estimates of disturbances and their derivatives, a new dynamic sliding surface is derived, which ensures the finite‐time convergence of the controlled output to zero in the sliding phase. Then, based on the estimates of disturbances and their derivatives, the designed sliding surface, and a modified super‐twisting algorithm, we develop the FDO‐STA, which guarantees the finite‐time convergence of the sliding variable to zero in the reaching phase. Rigorous analysis is provided to show the finite‐time stability of the overall closed‐loop system under the proposed control scheme. We finally apply the proposed FDO‐STA framework to the path following control for fixed‐wing UAVs under wind disturbances. Various simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller, compared with the existing control approaches.
The governance of a community garden with a food cycle in suburban Tokyo
Authors: Shimpo Naomi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUrbanites can learn more about food cycles by growing vegetables and fruits and composting food residues within a community garden (CG). Case studies are necessary for developing theories about the sustainable governance of CGs containing food cycles. In particular, Asian cities have high potential to establish food cycles because of their mixture of urban and rural land use. This paper discusses the governance of a suburban‐Tokyo CG, where neighborhood kitchen wastes were collected and used as direct fertilizer for the soil. The quantitative and qualitative data obtained through interviews and internal material of the garden was analyzed to grasp the garden's history, stakeholders' involvement, and the relationships between gardeners and kitchen waste providers. The results showed that the founder started the garden in a bottom‐up way and overcame challenges by maintaining a strong motivation and a flexible attitude. The gardeners provided work opportunities to people with disabilities and education materials to children. These collaborations may have corroborated the necessity of the garden existence. Most of the gardeners and all the waste providers live within 2 km of the garden and the close communication between them was possible, which may have maintained the kitchen waste quality. This study demonstrates advantages and challenges in the governance of Japanese CGs; however, further case studies are necessary for improving the generalizability of this study's findings.
Introduction: Advances in Research on Shared Physical Custody by Interdisciplinary Approaches
Authors: Bernardi Laura , Mortelmans Dimitri 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis introductory chapter provides the rationale for adopting an interdisciplinary approach to study the implications of shared physical custody arrangements for families and their members. The Chapter gives a rapid overview of the current state of the literature on shared physical custody in the legal, sociological and psychological literature and highlights the uncertainties and controversial aspects still open to exploration in this field. It addresses the specific research needs in order to move forward from the current situation, where evidence on shared physical custody produce results that are scattered across disciplines and hard to compare across contexts. It concludes by arguing that the complexity of shared physical custody implications in terms of health, educational, relational and living standards requires research from different disciplinary fields in order to agree on a comprehensive theoretical perspective, standardize definitions and collect longitudinal and comparable data on the custody arrangements and their normative environments.
Postdivorce Parent-Child Contact and Child Outcomes: The Role of Spatial Mobility
Authors: Poortman Anne-Rigt 
Published: July 2021

AbstractShared physical custody, or more generally, frequent contact with both parents is often assumed to benefit children, but having to move back and forth between parents’ homes may also be harmful, particularly when parents live far apart. This study examined the role of spatial mobility in the association between frequent parent-child contact and multiple child outcomes. Using the New Families in the Netherlands survey, analyses firstly showed that frequent parent-child contact, on average, was found to be not or modestly associated with better child outcomes. Second, spatial mobility mattered, but in varying ways. Long travel times were negatively associated with children’s contact with friends and their psychological well-being, but positively related to educational performance. Furthermore, frequent commutes were negatively associated with how often children saw their friends, but positively associated with child psychological well-being. Third, and most importantly, the impact of parent-child contact and frequent commutes on child outcomes were found to be dependent on traveling time. For child psychological well-being and contact with friends, frequent parent-child contact and/or frequent commutes were found to have positive effects when travel distances were short, but these positive effects disappeared when traveling times increased.
Psychological Perspectives on Joint Physical Custody
Authors: Emery Robert E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis overview discusses key findings, questions, and controversies about joint physical custody (JPC) emphasizing psychological issues for research and practice. Children living in JPC are slightly better adjusted, on average, but it is not clear whether this is a consequence of the arrangement or due to nonrandom selection into it. Moreover, no consistent evidence links specific variations in JPC to better or worse child adjustment, including equal or some other pattern of shared time. Parental conflict/cooperation is the factor most firmly, if still somewhat tenuously, established as a moderator of JPC effects. Other important moderators include logistics (e.g., geographical distance between parents), developmental stage (very young children and older adolescents may fare less well), and personality (a factor only beginning to be explored). The clearest implication for policy and practice is that children will fare better if their parents cooperate in crafting a parenting plan designed to meet their individual needs.
The SOHI: Operationalizing a New Model for Studying Teenagers’ Sense of Home in Post-divorce Families
Authors: Merla Laura , Dedonder Jonathan , Nobels Bérengère , Murru Sarah 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores the important question of whether, and under which conditions, children alternating between two distinct family dwellings can develop a sense of home that might nourish a sense of belonging to their sometimes, complex family configurations. We first present a theoretical framework to understand the various dimensions that influence children’s sense of home in shared custody arrangements, building on Hashemnezhad et al. (2013)’s work. We then show how this framework can be operationalized in quantitative research. For this purpose, we introduce the Sense of Home Instrument (SOHI), a new instrument for measuring the impact of material and behavioral-relational dimensions on teenagers’ sense of home at their mothers’ and fathers’. We then illustrate its relevance and value with supporting analyses of data collected through a survey conducted with Belgian adolescents aged between 11 and 18. In doing so, we propose new avenues for research on the consequences of divorce and separations for children’s identity construction and belonging, where the spatiality of family life is taken into-account.
Towards the Automatic Mathematician
Authors: Rabe Markus N. , Szegedy Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOver the recent years deep learning has found successful applications in mathematical reasoning. Today, we can predict fine-grained proof steps, relevant premises, and even useful conjectures using neural networks. This extended abstract summarizes recent developments of machine learning in mathematical reasoning and the vision of the N2Formal group at Google Research to create an automatic mathematician. The second part discusses the key challenges on the road ahead.
An Automated Approach to the Collatz Conjecture
Authors: Yolcu Emre , Aaronson Scott , Heule Marijn J. H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe explore the Collatz conjecture and its variants through the lens of termination of string rewriting. We construct a rewriting system that simulates the iterated application of the Collatz function on strings corresponding to mixed binary–ternary representations of positive integers. Termination of this rewriting system is equivalent to the Collatz conjecture. To show the feasibility of our approach in proving mathematically interesting statements, we implement a minimal termination prover that uses the automated method of matrix/arctic interpretations and we perform experiments where we obtain proofs of nontrivial weakenings of the Collatz conjecture. Finally, we adapt our rewriting system to show that other open problems in mathematics can also be approached as termination problems for relatively small rewriting systems. Although we do not succeed in proving the Collatz conjecture, we believe that the ideas here represent an interesting new approach.
The ksmt Calculus Is a $$\delta $$-complete Decision Procedure for Non-linear Constraints
Authors: Brauße Franz , Korovin Konstantin , Korovina Margarita V. , Müller Norbert Th. 
Published: July 2021

Abstractis a CDCL-style calculus for solving non-linear constraints over the real numbers involving polynomials and transcendental functions. In this paper we investigate properties of the calculus and show that it is a$$\delta $$δ-complete decision procedure for bounded problems. We also propose an extension with local linearisations, which allow for more efficient treatment of non-linear constraints.