bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A pediatric case of Stevens‐Johnson syndrome with acute liver failure, resulting in liver transplantation
Authors: Totsuka Michiru , Watanabe Tomoya , Takamura Naoko , Watanabe Yuko , Kumamoto Takafumi , Honda Yasushi , Yoneda Masato , Saito Satoru , Yamanaka Shoji , Aihara Michiko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are fatal adverse skin reactions characterized by high fever, epidermal detachment, and mucositis. It is well known that SJS/TEN occasionally affects various organs, leading to permanent damage and death in some patients. Although acute liver dysfunction is a relatively common complication of SJS/TEN, severe acute liver dysfunction requiring liver transplantation is rare. We present the case of a 14‐year‐old girl with SJS complicated by severe and rapidly progressive liver dysfunction, specifically, acute liver failure (ALF) requiring liver transplantation. A lymphocyte transformation test showed positive results for acetaminophen and cefdinir. Furthermore, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping revealed the presence of the HLA‐A*02:06 genotype, which is reported to be strongly associated with acetaminophen‐related SJS/TEN with severe ocular complications. These results suggested that our patient may have presented with acetaminophen‐induced SJS complicated by ALF, but no ocular complications. This is the first report of a pediatric patient with SJS who required liver transplantation. In rare instances, severe liver dysfunction requiring liver transplantation should be considered as a possible complication of SJS/TEN.
Seismic velocity analysis in the presence of amplitude variations using local semblance
Authors: Khoshnavaz M. Javad , Siahkoohi Hamid Reza , Roshandel Kahoo Amin 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTObtaining accurate velocity models plays a crucial role in many routine seismic imaging algorithms. Seismic velocity models are normally made through seismic velocity analysis workflows. The routine workflows are not capable of dealing with polarity variations across moveout curves. We address this limitation by proposing a straight‐forward and robust semblance‐based workflow, which is a modified version of the conventional semblance function. The coherency function applies semblance analysis on separate clusters of receivers followed by averaging the corresponding coherency measures from all the clusters. The proposed approach is suitable for any case of amplitude variations including attenuation and any class of amplitude‐versus‐offset effects. The ability of the proposed workflow is demonstrated to two synthetic data as well as two field‐recorded common‐midpoint gathers. We perform accuracy analysis by comparing the results from the proposed approach with the results achieved from conventional velocity analysis, and another semblance‐based algorithm that is developed to address the polarity variation task. We also studied noise sensitivity analysis by computing and comparing mathematical expectations between theory and practice.
Characterization of the immune hemocyte in larvae of Dorcus titanus castanicolor (Motschulsky, 1861) (Lucanidae, Coleoptera)
Authors: Cho Youngwoo , Cho Saeyoull 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThere are four types of hemocytes in the stag beetle hemolymph: granulocytes, prohemocytes, coagulocytes, and spherulocytes. Unusually, the size and shape of the hemocyte subtypes are similar. To identify the predominant immune hemocytes, we injected carboxylate‐modified polystyrene latex beads and E. coli particles into the hemocoel of stag beetles. In response to the pathogens, only granulocytes underwent morphological changes, including the extension of fan (or amoeba)‐like structures from their membrane, and had bacterial particles in their cytoplasm. At 6 h post‐injection, lysosomes in the cytoplasm of the granulocytes were activated to remove the pathogens. At 12 h post‐injection, more lysosomes were activated along with phagocytosis of the E. coli particles. At 24 h to 48 h post‐injection, the bacterial particles, including activated lysosomes, were gradually cleared from the cytoplasm. To confirm these results, we performed flow cytometry analysis. Consistent with our microscope observations, the granulocytes were activated after 6 h post‐infection, and lysosomes were mostly activated at 12 h. These results suggest that bacteria are actively engulfed between 6 and 12 h post‐infection by granulocytes. Granulocyte lysosomes were activated within 12 h to digest the bacteria, which were completely cleared by 48 h post‐infection.
“We live in the moment”—Experiences of people with Intellectual Disabilities and Clinicians of Computer‐Assisted Mindfulness and Relaxation
Authors: Clyne Colette , Jackman Catherine , Tully Michael , Coyle David , O’Reilly Gary 
Published: May 2021

Accessible Summary

Sometimes people find it hard to notice what is going on in their mind, body and feelings. Mindfulness can help us with this. Some studies show that mindfulness might help people with intellectual disabilities.

We asked people to play a mindfulness computer game to see whether it helped them to notice their mind, bodies and feelings more easily. People who work with people with intellectual disabilities helped to play the game too.

We asked people what they thought about the game.

People seem to enjoy playing the game and said it helped them be more mindful.

We think that learning mindfulness in a computer game might be helpful for people with intellectual disabilities.

AbstractBackgroundThis paper evaluates the user experience of a newly developed mindfulness and relaxation game designed to teach mindfulness skills to people with intellectual disabilities. Computer‐assisted mindfulness programs have gained considerable attention among researchers in both adult and child populations. However, less is known about the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities who engage in computerised mindfulness programs. The present study aimed to explore the experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities and clinicians in using a computerised mindfulness and relaxation game.MethodTwelve adults (with a mild or moderate intellectual disability) and sixteen clinicians were individually interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to analyse and generate themes within the data.FindingsThree main themes with a number of subthemes were generated for people with intellectual disabilities including the following: (1) The Process of Mindful Island; (2) Fostering Relationships Through the Computer; and (3) The Impact of the Game. Three themes from clinician interviews were also generated including the following: (1) A Good Concept but More to Do; (2) Uncertainties Around Players’ Understanding of Mindfulness; and (3) The Computer as a Tool to Build Relationships. The findings indicated that participants found the game an enjoyable experience and saw a number of benefits to engaging in it including perceived improved confidence and perceived reduction of worries.ConclusionsMindfulness can be adapted to computer‐assisted technology for use among people with intellectual disabilities and may foster a number of benefits.
Incremental value of live/real‐time three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography over the two‐dimensional technique in the assessment of left ventricular endocardial rupture with myocardial dissection and contained apical epicardial rupture following myocardial infarction
Authors: Martínez Hernández Carlos , Nanda Navin C. , Sánchez Puebla María del Carmen , Ruiz Rivera Antonio , Salgado Campos Jesús , Patiño Bernal Cinthia Lisset , Hernández Rendón Edgar , Ortega Romo Erik Eduardo , Castillo Romero Cesar , Camacho Montoya Juan Pablo , Elmarzouky Zeyad M. , Dulal Subash 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report the incremental value of live/real‐time three‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (3DTTE) over two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2DTTE) in making a definitive diagnosis of left ventricular endocardial rupture with myocardial dissection and contained apical epicardial rupture in an elderly male patient presenting with acute myocardial infarction. To the best of our knowledge, this has not been described previously.
Taste renaissance, tax reform, and industrial organization of the beer industry
Authors: Luckstead Jeff , Devadoss Stephen 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe develop a theoretical model of the beer industry consisting of two segments: monopolistically competitive heterogeneous craft breweries that compete based on variety and quality and oligopolistically competitive macrobreweries that compete based on economies of scale. We also present empirical evidence that, in contrast to the practice in most manufacturing industries, smaller craft breweries pay more for higher quality inputs and charge higher prices. The model is simulated to analyze three counterfactual scenarios: the taste renaissance by expanding consumers' (i) taste for variety and (ii) preference for unique quality beer and (iii) the 2017 tax reform. The taste renaissance scenarios have similar directional effects on the monopolistic segment, but the impacts of an increase in the love‐of‐variety are much stronger than those of an increase in quality. In all three scenarios, the craft segment expands and the macrosegment contracts, but industry‐level sales rise and the aggregate price index declines, benefiting consumers.
Regular White People Things: The Presence of White Fragility in Interracial Families
Authors: Robinson‐Wood Tracy , Muse Chantal , Hewett Ruthann , Balogun‐Mwangi Oyenike , Elrahman Jaylan , Nordling Ava , Abdulkerim Noora , Matsumoto Atsushi 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveTo better understand how biracial/multiracial millennials make meaning of their multiple identities and racial socialization messages within their interracial families.BackgroundA small body of research suggests that the content of parents' race messages to their biracial/multiracial children may have profound social and psychological ramifications. Changing American demographics, including the growth of biracial/multiracial populations, have created a demand for careful examination of this group's racialized experiences.MethodTo examine the racial socialization experiences of biracial/multiracial participants (n = 30), this qualitative substudy used thematic analysis, an intersectional theoretical framework, and a phenomenological approach in analyzing open‐ended responses.ResultsWe found that interracial families employed a number of racial socialization messages, including those that extol mainstream cultural values as well as communications that fuel race‐related stress and identity politics.ConclusionFindings highlight the prevalence of dominant Western cultural values and racial silence in the socialization messages within interracial families and the reality of racism and racial awareness among individuals identifying as biracial/multiracial.ImplicationsThe findings in this study suggest a need to examine racial socialization as a function of parents' salient identities, including gender, race, and immigration status.
Åkermanite glass microspheres: Preparation and perspectives of sinter‐crystallization
Authors: Dasan Arish , Talimian Ali , Kraxner Jozef , Galusek Dušan , Elsayed Hamada , Bernardo Enrico 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlass microspheres with the exact stoichiometry of åkermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7), one of the most promising modern bioceramics, were produced by the flame synthesis method. The distinctive high cooling rate was found to prevent the crystallization; the size of amorphous microbeads could be correlated with the size of partially crystallized precursor powders, deriving from conventional melt quenching and milling. The glass microspheres were characterized in terms of crystallization and sintering behavior, in the perspective of applications in additive manufacturing of åkermanite‐based scaffolds. The results showed that merwinite (Ca3MgSi2O8) is the primary product of glass devitrification; only in a second stage, merwinite reacts with the residual glass and yields åkermanite. The rapid crystallization, implying limited viscous flow sintering, was tested as an opportunity to create components with complex porosity distribution.
Gill surface area provides a clue for the respiratory basis of brain size in the blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus)
Authors: Wong Serena , Bigman Jennifer S. , Yopak Kara E. , Dulvy Nicholas K. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBrain size varies dramatically, both within and across species, and this variation is often believed to be the result of trade‐offs between the cognitive benefits of having a large brain for a given body size and the energetic cost of sustaining neural tissue. One potential consequence of having a large brain is that organisms must also meet the associated high energetic demands. Thus, a key question is whether metabolic rate correlates with brain size. However, using metabolic rate to measure energetic demand yields a relatively instantaneous and dynamic measure of energy turnover, which is incompatible with the longer evolutionary timescale of changes in brain size within and across species. Morphological traits associated with oxygen consumption, specifically gill surface area, have been shown to be correlates of oxygen demand and energy use, and thus may serve as integrated correlates of these processes, allowing us to assess whether evolutionary changes in brain size correlate with changes in longer‐term oxygen demand and energy use. We tested how brain size relates to gill surface area in the blacktip shark Carcharhinus limbatus. First, we examined whether the allometric slope of brain mass (i.e., the rate that brain mass changes with body mass) is lower than the allometric slope of gill surface area across ontogeny. Second, we tested whether gill surface area explains variation in brain mass, after accounting for the effects of body mass on brain mass. We found that brain mass and gill surface area both had positive allometric slopes, with larger individuals having both larger brains and larger gill surface areas compared to smaller individuals. However, the allometric slope of brain mass was lower than the allometric slope of gill surface area, consistent with our prediction that the allometric slope of gill surface area could pose an upper limit to the allometric slope of brain mass. Finally, after accounting for body mass, individuals with larger brains tended to have larger gill surface areas. Together, our results provide clues as to how fishes may evolve and maintain large brains despite their high energetic cost, suggesting that C. limbatus individuals with a large gill surface area for their body mass may be able to support a higher energetic turnover, and, in turn, a larger brain for their body mass.
The Globalization of Penal Space in Nineteenth‐Century Malta
Authors: Palmer Russell 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the second half of the nineteenth century an unprecedented number of prisons were built across the Western‐influenced world. However, many more developed from repurposed and modified buildings. By applying space syntax analysis to examples from the then British colony of Malta, this article investigates the commonalities of penal space across a series of purpose‐built and refashioned prisons, taking into consideration key architectural phases resulting from remodelling. Rejecting the notion that Maltese developments are merely symptomatic of British colonialism, the spread of Western prisons is cast in terms of wider trends and the global spread of a particular type of penal space.
Targeted memory reactivation has a sleep stage‐specific delayed effect on dream content
Authors: Picard‐Deland Claudia , Nielsen Tore 
Published: May 2021

SummaryAlthough new learning is known to reappear in later dream scenarios, the timing of such reappearances remains unclear. Sometimes, references to new learning occur relatively quickly, 1 day post‐learning (day‐residue effect); at other times there may be a substantive delay, 5–7 days, before such references appear (dream‐lag effect). We studied temporal delays in dream reactivation following the learning of a virtual reality (VR) flying task using 10‐day home sleep/dream logs, and how these might be influenced by targeted memory reactivation (TMR). Participants were exposed twice to a VR task in the sleep laboratory; once before and once after a 2‐hr opportunity to nap (n = 65) or to read (n = 32). Auditory cues associated with the VR task were replayed in either wake, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, slow‐wave sleep (SWS) or were not replayed. Although we previously showed that TMR cueing did not have an immediate effect on dream content, in the present study we extend these results by showing that TMR in sleep has instead a delayed effect on task–dream reactivations: participants dreamed more about the task 1–2 days later when TMR was applied in REM sleep and 5–6 days later when it was applied in SWS sleep, compared to participants with no cueing. Findings may help explain the temporal relationships between dream and memory reactivations and clarify the occurrence of day‐residue and dream‐lag phenomena.
Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour series with unique clinical and histopathological features
Authors: Museedi Omar , Hameedi Ameer T. , Abdullah Bashar H. , Allawi Noor S. , Al‐Khaurri Luay E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsCalcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (CEOT) is a benign odontogenic neoplasm of epithelial origin that secretes an amyloid‐like protein tending towards calcification. This study aims to describe a case series from Iraq of one of the rarest odontogenic tumours.Materials and methodsClinical and histopathological analysis of Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour cases that are archived at the oral pathology laboratory of the college of dentistry (Baghdad University) from 2000 to 2019.ResultsSix cases of CEOT were registered in the mentioned period. One of them was a peripheral variant, the rarest subtype. The mean age of cases was 30 years, with two patients less than 15 years old. Histopathological examination revealed a classical Pindborg in four cases, while the other two cases were a clear cell and non‐calcifying types.ConclusionsThe awareness of the wide range of differences in the clinical and pathological features of this tumour provides more information about its various features that would help achieve a higher level of accuracy in its diagnosis and evaluation.
Bilateral external iliac vein compression—An important consideration in implantation of leadless permanent pacemaker
Authors: Chau Elaine Mo‐Chee , Wong Rex Kim‐Ping 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe report on an unusual case with asymptomatic bilateral external iliac vein non‐thrombotic obstruction causing difficulty in delivery of the leadless permanent pacemaker and discuss on the strategies to overcome the problem.
Exhaled breath condensate pH determinants in school‐aged children: A population‐based study
Authors: Rama Tiago Azenha , Paciência Inês , Cavaleiro Rufo João , Silva Diana , Cunha Pedro , Severo Milton , Padrão Patrícia , Moreira Pedro , Delgado Luís , Moreira André 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundExhaled breath condensate (EBC) pH is a promising biomarker of airway inflammation. Lack of method standardization and interstudy variability precludes its use in clinical practice. While endogenous determinants have been described, underlying mechanisms for variability are mostly unknown. Thus, we aimed to assess the association between asthma and EBC pH in children, while studying potential environmental factors for interstudy variability.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis of exhaled breath condensates from 613 children, aged 7–12 years, was conducted. Assessments included lung function and airway reversibility, exhaled nitric oxide, allergic sensitization, and body mass index (BMI). Indoor air quality (IAQ) was assessed in children's classrooms during 5 school days. Post‐deaeration EBC pH showed a bimodal distribution, and the sample was split into acidic and alkaline groups. Regression models were constructed to assess the effects of asthma and asthma adjusted to IAQ parameters on EBC pH.ResultsFollowing adjustment to gender and BMI, asthma was significantly associated with a lower EBC pH in the acidic group. The effect of asthma on EBC pH was independent of IAQ, in both groups. In the acidic group, EBC pH was significantly affected by temperature [β = −0.09 (−0.15, −0.02)] and PM 2.5 concentration [β = −0.16 (−0.32, −0.01)], and in the alkaline group by relative humidity [β = 0.07 (0.02, 0.13)] and concentration of endotoxins [β = −0.06 (−0.1, −0.01)].ConclusionOur study shows that in addition to individual determinants such as asthma, environmental factors may influence and should be taken into consideration when interpreting EBC pH level in children.
Interpreting conversion in antiquity (and beyond)
Authors: Jacobs Andrew S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis essay explores the persistent scholarly desires and motivations that structure the historical study of conversion in religious studies. Most “conversion studies” take a phenomenological approach, which acknowledges the diverse processes, contexts, and meanings of conversion but nonetheless sees the phenomenon as a way to access the contours of global religion. Phenomenology of conversion reveals a desire for bounded religions arranged in a comparable system, “religion.” A hermeneutical approach to conversion does not seek to access a stable phenomenon but asks why conversion as a discourse is deployed. This form of narrative interpretation can open up new possibilities in what we think the study of religion can, and should, do. The specific examples of Jewish conversion to Christianity in late antiquity act as case studies.
The critical period for weed seed control: A proposed framework to limit weed seed return
Authors: Geddes Charles M. , Davis Adam S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractProliferation of herbicide‐resistant weeds demands re‐evaluation of fundamental weed control objectives. Yield loss mitigation remains a priority, but limiting weed seed return (WSR) to the soil seedbank is key to preventing herbicide‐resistant annual weeds from multiplying. The critical period for weed seed control (CPWSC) is the period of the growing season during which weed control can minimise weed seed production. The CPWSC provides a framework to limit WSR by targeting weeds during phenological stages critical for seed development. We aim to (a) introduce the CPWSC concept, (b) provide an example using Bassia scoparia as a model species and (c) offer a framework for future research.