bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity and safety of a third dose, and immune persistence of CoronaVac vaccine in healthy adults aged 18-59 years: interim results from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 clinical trial
Authors: Pan Hongxing , Wu Qianhui , Zeng Gang , Yang Juan , Jiang Deyu , Deng Xiaowei , Chu Kai , Zheng Wen , Zhu Fengcai , Yu Hongjie , Yin Weidong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundLarge-scale vaccination is being implemented globally with CoronaVac, an inactivated vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Immunogenicity and safety profiles of homologous two-dose schedules have been published. We report interim results of immune persistence, and the immunogenicity and safety of a third dose of CoronaVac.MethodsIn this ongoing, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase 2 trial in 18-to-59-year-olds, we randomly assigned subjects, 1:1:1:1, to one of four schedules to receive a third dose, 28 days or 6 months after two two-dose regimens (14-day or 28-day apart): schedule 1: days 0, 14, 42; schedule 2: days 0, 14, 194; schedule 3: days 0, 28, 56; schedule 4: days 0, 28, 208. For each schedule, participants were randomly assigned to either a medium-dose group (3 μg per 0.5 mL of aluminum hydroxide diluent per dose), a high-dose group (6 μg), or a placebo group (2:2:1). The primary outcome was geometric mean titers (GMTs) of neutralizing antibody to live SARS-CoV-2.ResultsOverall, 540 participants received a third dose. In the 3 μg group, neutralizing antibody titers induced by the first two doses declined after 6-8 months to below the seropositive cutoff (GMT: 4.1 [95%CI 3.3-5.2] for Schedule 2 and 6.7 [95%CI 5.2-8.6] for Schedule 4). When a third dose was given 6-8 months after a second dose, GMTs assessed 14 days later increased to 137.9 [95%CI 99.9-190.4] for Schedule 2, and 143.1 [95%CI 110.8-184.7] for Schedule 4, approximately 3-fold above Schedule 1 and Schedule 3 GMTs after third doses. Similar patterns were observed for the 6 μg group. The severity of solicited local and systemic adverse reactions reported within 28 days after the third dose were grade 1 to grade 2 in all vaccination cohorts. None of the fourteen serious adverse events were considered to be related to vaccination.ConclusionsA third dose of CoronaVac administered 6 or more months after a second dose effectively recalled specific immune response to SARS-CoV-2, resulting in a remarkable increase in antibody levels, and indicating that a two-dose schedule generates good immune memory. Optimizing the timing of a booster dose should take into account immunogenicity, vaccine efficacy/effectiveness, local epidemic situation, infection risk, and vaccine supply. (Funded by the National Key Research and Development Program, Beijing Science and Technology Program and National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04352608.)
Running related biomechanical risk factors for overuse injuries in distance runners: A systematic review considering injury specificity and the potentials for future research
Authors: Willwacher Steffen , Kurz Markus , Robbin Johanna , Thelen Matthias , Hamill Joseph , Kelly Luke , Mai Patrick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and evaluate the evidence of the most relevant running-related risk factors (RRRFs) for running-related overuse injuries (ROIs) and to suggest future research directions.DesignSystematic review considering prospective and retrospective studies. (PROSPERO_ID: 236832)Data sourcesPubmed. Connected Papers. The search was performed in February 2021.Eligibility criteriaEnglish language. Studies on participants whose primary sport is running addressing the risk for the seven most common ROIs and at least one kinematic, kinetic (including pressure measurements), or electromyographic RRRF. An RRRF needed to be identified in at least one prospective or two retrospective studies.ResultsSixty-two articles fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Levels of evidence for specific ROIs ranged from conflicting to moderate evidence. Running populations and methods applied varied considerably between studies. While some RRRFs appeared for several ROIs, most RRRFs were specific for a particular ROI. The biomechanical measurements performed in many studies would have allowed for consideration of many more RRRFs than have been reported, highlighting a potential for more effective data usage in the future.ConclusionThis study offers a comprehensive overview of RRRFs for the most common ROIs, which might serve as a starting point to develop ROI-specific risk profiles of individual runners. Future work should use macroscopic (big data) approaches involving long-term data collections in the real world and microscopic approaches involving precise stress calculations using recent developments in biomechanical modelling. However, consensus on data collection standards (including the quantification of workload and stress tolerance variables and the reporting of injuries) is warranted.
The impact of large mobile air purifiers on aerosol concentration in classrooms and the reduction of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Duill F. F. , Schulz F. , Jain A. , Krieger L. , van Wachem B. , Beyrau F. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the wake of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, an increased risk of infection by virus-containing aerosols indoors is assumed. Especially in schools, the duration of stay is long and the number of people in the rooms is large, increasing the risk of infection. This problem particularly affects schools without pre-installed ventilation systems that are equipped with filters and/or operate with fresh air. Here, the aerosol concentration is reduced by natural ventilation. In this context, we are investigating the effect of large mobile air purifiers (AP) with HEPA filters on particle concentration and their suitability for classroom use in a primary school in Germany. The three tested APs differ significantly in their air outlet characteristics. Measurements of the number of particles, the particle size distribution, and the CO2 concentration were carried out in the classroom with students (April/May 2021) and with an aerosol generator without students. In this regard, the use of APs leads to a substantial reduction in aerosol particles. At the same time, the three APs are found to have differences in their particle decay rate, noise level, and flow velocity. In addition to the measurements, the effect of various influencing parameters on the potential inhaled particle dose was investigated using a calculation model. The parameters considered include the duration of stay, particle concentration in exhaled air, respiratory flow rate, virus lifetime, ventilation interval, ventilation efficiency, AP volumetric flow, as well as room size. Based on the resulting effect diagrams, significant recommendations can be derived for reducing the risk of infection from virus-laden aerosols. Finally, the measurements were compared to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, as such tools can aid the optimal placement and configuration of APs and can be used to study the effect of the spread of aerosols from a source in the classroom.
Evolution of a chordate-specific mechanism for myoblast fusion
Authors: Zhang Haifeng , Shang Renjie , Kim Kwantae , Zheng Wei , Johnson Christopher J. , Sun Lei , Niu Xiang , Liu Liang , Uyeno Theodore A. , Zhou Jingqi , Liu Lingshu , Pei Jimin , Fissette Skye D. , Green Stephen A. , Samudra Sukhada P. , Wen Junfei , Zhang Jianli , Eggenschwiler Jonathan , Menke Doug , Bronner Marianne E. , Grishin Nick V. , Li Weiming , Ye Kaixiong , Zhang Yang , Stolfi Alberto , Bi Pengpeng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe size of an animal is determined by the size of its musculoskeletal system. Myoblast fusion is an innovative mechanism that allows for multinucleated muscle fibers to compound the size and strength of individual mononucleated cells. However, the evolutionary history of the control mechanism underlying this important process is currently unknown. The phylum Chordata hosts closely related groups that span distinct myoblast fusion states: no fusion in cephalochordates, restricted fusion and multinucleation in tunicates, and extensive, obligatory fusion in vertebrates. To elucidate how these differences may have evolved, we studied the evolutionary origins and function of membrane-coalescing agents Myomaker and Myomixer in various groups of chordates. Here we report that Myomaker likely arose through gene duplication in the last common ancestor of tunicates and vertebrates, while Myomixer appears to have evolved de novo in early vertebrates. Functional tests revealed an unexpectedly complex evolutionary history of myoblast fusion in chordates. A pre-vertebrate phase of muscle multinucleation driven by Myomaker was followed by the later emergence of Myomixer that enables the highly efficient fusion system of vertebrates. Thus, our findings reveal the evolutionary origins of chordate-specific fusogens and illustrate how new genes can shape the emergence of novel morphogenetic traits and mechanisms.
SOCIAL INFORMATION AND BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS: CHORUS SONGS ARE MORE ATTRACTIVE TO EUROPEAN STARLINGS IN MORE RECENTLY ESTABLISHED POPULATIONS
Authors: Rodriguez Alexandra , Hausberger Martine , Henry Laurence , Clergeau Philippe 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACTWhen biological invasions by animals occur, the individuals arriving in novel environments can be confronted with unpredictable or unfamiliar resources and may need social interaction to improve survival in the newly colonized areas. Gathering with conspecifics and using social information about their activities may reveal the location of suitable feeding and breeding sites. This could compensate for the absence of individual information about new habitats and constitute an advantage for new settlers. If a tendency to gather in response to social stimuli is transmitted from one generation to the next, and if the benefit of gathering is lower in long time established populations, there should be behavioural differences in receptivity to social cues in populations with different colonizing histories. We hypothesized that individuals of a social species like the European starling from relatively recently-established populations would be more responsive to social cues than individuals belonging to long-established populations. We conducted playback experiments using a starling chorus to test its acoustic attractiveness to populations of starlings with different colonizing histories. We compared the reaction of individuals from two populations in rural Brittany, western France, established for a long time, with three more recently settled ones: two populations from a propagation front in southern Italy and one urban population from Rennes city in Brittany. Our data supported our hypothesis: individuals from more recent populations were more responsive to the acoustic stimulus, and gave more calls in flight than individuals from populations with an older settlement history. We discuss the different behavioural responses we observed in the different populations and the potential effects of habitat characteristics and starling densities.
Comprehensive multi-omics single-cell data integration reveals greater heterogeneity in the human immune system
Authors: Xu Congmin , Yang Junkai , Kosters Astrid , Babcock Benjamin R. , Qiu Peng , Ghosn Eliver E. B. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSingle-cell transcriptomics enables the definition of diverse human immune cell types across multiple tissues and disease contexts. Still, deeper biological understanding requires comprehensive integration of multiple single-cell omics (transcriptomic, proteomic, and cell-receptor repertoire). To improve the identification of diverse cell types and the accuracy of cell-type classification in multi-omics single-cell datasets, we developed SuPERR-seq, a novel analysis workflow to increase the resolution and accuracy of clustering and allow for the discovery of previously hidden cell subsets. In addition, SuPERR-seq accurately removes cell doublets and prevents widespread cell-type misclassification by incorporating information from cell-surface proteins and immunoglobulin transcript counts. This approach uniquely improves the identification of heterogeneous cell types in the human immune system, including a novel subset of antibody-secreting cells in the bone marrow.
Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate supplementation modulates the heterologous expression and activity of a PLP dependent model protein in E.coli
Authors: Saxena Vijay Kumar , Vedamurthy GV , Singh Raghvendar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPLP is a biologically active form of Vitamin B6 and is required for carbohydrates, amino acids and fatty acid metabolism. Many of the PLP dependent proteins are important drug targets and effector molecules, and thus, their heterologous overexpression is of industrial importance and has commercial value. We have predicted the docking site of PLP on O-acetyl serine sulfhydrylase protein (OASS) of H.contortus and determined that lysine-47 is very important for the binding of PLP in the enzyme pocket. We have used this protein as a model protein for testing the effect of PLP on the expression of PLP dependent proteins by E.coli. We have tested the effect of supplementation of PLP in the media on the expression of PLP dependent model protein in E.coli. Soluble recombinant protein could be purified from each of the culture vials grown with variable amount of PLP [0 mM (Group I), 0.01mM (Group II), 0.025mM (Group III), 0.05mM (Group IV) and 0.1mM (Group V)]. There was approximately 4.2%, 7.2%, 10.5% and 18% increase in purified protein yield in Group II, III, IV and V, respectively, in comparison to group I. We studied the relative incorporation of PLP into the purified protein by scanning the changes in internal fluorescence of purified proteins. There was a significant quenching of tryptophan fluorescence emission in groups II, III, IV and V compared to group I (Purified protein without PLP addition). There was a linear increase in the activity of protein purified from cultures of group I to group V. This was due to greater availability of PLP, thus, allowing higher incorporation of the cofactor in the apoenzyme to form holoenzyme complexes. PLP is not known to be directly imported into E.coli. We could find a PLP concentration-dependent increase in expression and catalytic activity of the enzyme signifying the probable transport of PLP across the membrane. The mechanism of transport of PLP in the light of the current experiment is still unknown and should be a subject of future studies.
SegmA: Residue Segmentation of cryo-EM density maps
Authors: Rozanov Mark , Wolfson Haim J. 
Published: July 2021

1AbstractThe cryo-EM resolution revolution enables the development of algorithms for direct de-novo modelling of protein structures from given cryo-EM density maps. Deep Learning tools have been applied to locate structure patterns, such as rotamers, secondary structures and Cα atoms. We present a deep neural network (nicknamed SegmA) for the residue type segmentation of a cryo-EM density map. The network labels voxels in a cryo-EM map by the residue type (amino acid type or nucleic acid) of the sampled macromolecular structure. It also provides a visual representation of the density map by coloring the different types of voxels by their assigned colors. SegmA’s algorithm is a cascade of CNNs and group rotational equivariant CNNs. A data gathering algorithm was designed for creating datasets that will give best results when used for SegmA’s training. At resolution of 3.2°A SegmAs accuracy is 80% for nucleotides. Amino acids which can be seen by eye, such as LEU, ARG and PHE, are detected by SegmA with about 70% accuracy. In addition SegmA detects regions where the exact labeling is of low confidence due to resolution, noise, etc. Removing those “unconfident” regions increases the amino acid detection accuracy to 80% The SegmA open code is available at https://github.com/Mark-Rozanov/SegmA_3A/tree/master.
Uniaxial tensile mechanical tests of Kapton foil at high-low temperature conditions
Authors: Liu Yan , Liu Yanzhen , Lin Guochang 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the basic mechanical properties of inflatable antenna reflector material under high-low temperatures.

Design/methodology/approach
Uniaxial tensile tests of Kapton (polyimide) foils were conducted in this paper. Kapton foils with a thickness of 25 µm were used and the strip specimens were manufactured according to the machine direction and the transverse direction of the foils.

Findings
The stress–strain curves of the foils were obtained under ten temperature conditions (−70°C, −40°C, −10°C, 0°C, 20°C, 50°C, 80°C, 110°C, 140°C, 170°C) after uniaxial tensile tests. Generally speaking, such stress–strain curves are highly nonlinear, and Kapton can be classified into some kind of ductile material without obvious yielding point.

Practical implications
The tests results provide a basis for partial coefficients of Kapton foils strength design value, and meanwhile provide basic material data for the extreme temperature field test in orbit for the inflatable antenna structure in the future.

Originality/value
Based on the curve itself and strain energy theory, for the first time the equivalent yielding point was determined and the mechanism of constitutive curve changing with temperature was explained. Based on curves above, tensile strength, elongation at break, equivalent yielding stress, yielding strain and elastic modulus were analyzed and calculated. By analyzing the mechanical parameters above, the fitting formulas with temperature as the variable were given.
The role of consumer happiness in brand loyalty: a model of the satisfaction and brand image in fashion
Authors: Cuesta-Valiño Pedro , Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Pablo , Núnez-Barriopedro Estela 
Published: July 2021

PurposeThe study of the antecedents to loyalty is of great interest to both academics and professionals in the context of fashion consumption. The purpose of this paper is to define a SEM model, in which brand image and its dimensions, as well as consumer satisfaction and consumer happiness as mediators, are explained as antecedents to loyalty.Design/methodology/approachA transversal descriptive study based on primary data were, therefore, carried out using a survey with a sample of 2,515 consumers representing the Spanish population. The Partial Least Square method was applied to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results of this research tell us which variables have a positive influence on consumer loyalty to fashion brands, where brand image, satisfaction and consumer happiness are the determining variables of loyalty.Research limitations/implicationsThis model has important implications and contributes both to the literature and to the choice of differentiation and brand positioning strategies for marketing to a global and highly competitive market.Originality/valueOne of the novelties of this study is the fact that it considers the consumer happiness variable as an antecedent to loyalty in the fashion consumer sector.
Performance enhancement of switched reluctance motor drive using front-end converter
Authors: Damarla Indira , Mahendran Venmathi 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The main purpose of this paper is to propose a quasi-impedance source (QIS) converter fed switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive. The proposed converter topology is configured for DC link capacitance minimization and power factor (PF) correction.

Design/methodology/approach
A QIS converter is used as a front end converter to reduce the bulk capacitance requirement during current commutation and to decline the power ripple. To improve the PF with reduced total harmonic distortion at the input current, the PF current control loop is merged with the QIS converter control loop.

Findings
The overall SRM drive speed is regulated over a wide range by controlling the DC link voltage. The voltage regulation can be achieved by pulse width modulation of the QIS converter. Hence, the overall system efficiency has been improved by operating the proposed converter at a low switching frequency. Moreover, the proposed QIS converter uses an advanced repetitive controller to achieve voltage regulation and fewer ripples in torque.

Originality/value
The steady state and dynamic analyzes have been performed on the proposed drive topology. The performance of the proposed topology has been simulated through MATLAB/Simulink environment. A hardware prototype with a processor of Xilinx SPARTAN 6 field-programmable gate array has been used to validate the experimental response with the simulation results.
A novel design of nano router with high-speed crossbar scheduler for digital systems in QCA paradigm
Authors: Kasilingam Kalpana , Balaiah Paulchamy 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The nano-router would be a mastery device for providing high-speed data delivery. Here nano-router with a space-efficient crossbar scheduler is used for making absolutely less consumption in power.

Design/methodology/approach
In the emerging modern technology, every one of us is expecting a delivery of data at a high speed. To achieve high-speed delivery the authors are using the router. The router used here is at nanoscale reading which provides a compact size.

Findings
This can be implemented using the modern tools called Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) which is operated without the use of a transistor. As conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs have some limitations such as low density, high power consumption and requirement of a large area.

Research limitations/implications
To overcome these limitations the QCA is used. It characterizes capability is used to substituting CMOS technology. The round-robin fashion is used in a high-speed space-efficient crossbar scheduler.

Practical implications
The simulation of the planned circuit with notional information established the practical identity of the scheme.

Social implications
The proposed nano router can be stimulated in the QCA environment using the QCADesigner tool and the power of the router can be calculated with the QCADesigner–E tool.

Originality/value
The proposed nano router can be stimulated in the QCA environment using the QCADesigner tool and the power of the router can be calculated with the QCADesigner–E tool. In this work, the performance of the router can be done in both the QCA environment and CMOS technology.
Embracing the role of artificial intelligence in accounting and finance: contemplating the changing skillset expectations
Authors: Gambhir Bhumika , Bhattacharjee Anindita 
Published: July 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to highlight how Artificial intelligence (AI) and its subsets are changing the face of the accounting and finance (A&F) profession. Expectations from A&F professionals are changing due to the expeditious changes in technology. This paper proposes new skill set expectations from these professionals.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a viewpoint paper based on the opinions/views of the employees working in medium and large organizations in A&F in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The employee viewpoints were gathered through an emailed questionnaire.

Findings
This paper illustrates the need to embrace technology and acquire the necessary skills to work in conjunction with machines. This will help A&F professionals to meet the changing expectations of employers.

Practical implications
This paper emphasizes the usefulness of training, learning, and development of the skills necessary for A&F professionals to work with AI and its subsets.

Originality/value
This paper discusses how AI will bring in challenges and opportunities in the future. It suggests how A&F professionals can embrace technology (driven by AI) and understand to work with it.