bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Folding Process Planning of Rigid Origami Using the Explicit Expression and Rapidly Exploring Random Tree Method
Authors: Guo Zhen , Tachi Tomohiro , Yu Hongying 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In this study, we propose a novel method for planning the folding process of a rigid origami mechanism, i.e., we explore the intermediate process of the mechanism from an initial state to a target state without self-intersection via a path-finding algorithm. A typical problem associated with a path-finding algorithm is that a feasible configuration space of rigid origami is a lower-dimensional subset of the entire parameter space. When all the folding angles are considered as free parameters to plan the folding process, it is generally not possible to obtain a feasible configuration via sampling. In this study, the parameters corresponding to the degree-of-freedom (DOF) are used as independent variables, and the remaining fold angles are considered as dependent variables that can be calculated via the explicit expression method (EEM). First, we explain the method for choosing the parameters related to DOF to represent the configuration of the origami mechanism. Then, we show the procedure for selecting a valid configuration from many possible configurations computed via EEM. For this purpose, we introduce criteria for each vertex to determine whether the two configurations can be continuously connected. Next, the method for planning the folding process of rigid origami is introduced via the rapidly exploring random tree (RRT) method. Finally, we implemented the folding process simulation platform and applied it to different patterns. The results of the experiments are presented.
Multi-Criteria Optimization of a PCM based Heat Sink—Effect of Geometric Parameters on Operational Time and Melt Fraction
Authors: Markandeyulu Thota , Devanuri Jaya Krishna , Kiran Kumar K. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Computational fluid dynamic analysis of a phase change material (PCM) based heat sink has been carried out in the present study. The PCM used is RT44HC. Longitudinal fins made of aluminum have been considered. The influence of pertinent parameters viz., fin number, fin thickness, orientation and base thickness on melt fraction and operational time have been analyzed. The critical temperature considered for the study is 54.8 °C. The melting behavior of the PCM is simulated by using the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The design of the experiment has been performed using the Taguchi method. By using gray relational multicriteria optimization technique and multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA) method, the best thermally performing configuration has been attained through the optimum values of operational time and melt fraction. In addition to the above, analysis of variance (ANOVA) is performed to find the most significant parameter. Based on the investigation, fin thickness and number of fins are observed to significantly influence the thermal transport.
Investigation of Thermal Performance of Single Basin Solar Still With Soft Drink Cans Filled With Sand as a Storage Medium
Authors: Khallaf A. M. , El-Sebaii A. A. , Hegazy M. M. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Thermal performance of the single basin solar still (SBSS) with and without a storage material is presented experimentally and theoretically. New configuration of the SBSS by using soft drink cans filled with sand, fixed on the upper surface of the basin liner, as a sensible storage material is investigated. A mathematical model (using Pascal language) is developed to verify the thermal performance of the SBSS. Comparisons between experimental and theoretical (obtained from the mathematical model) results are carried out for validating the proposed mathematical model. Parameters affecting the thermal performance of the SBSS such as the masses of the basin water and storage material, heat transfer coefficients, and top losses are investigated. The top losses (Ut) for the SBSS with sand is higher than that without sand by about 27.47%. The daily productivity (Pd) and efficiency (ηd) of the SBSS with sand is more than that without sand by about 31.44 and 23.12%, respectively. This experiment is environmentally friendly by using 126 of the used empty soft drink cans.
GAPS-EUS: a new and reliable tool for the assessment of basic skills and performance in EUS among endosonography trainees
Authors: Hedenström Per , Marasco Giovanni , Eusebi Leonardo Henry , Lindkvist Bjorn , Sadik Riadh 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveEndosonography (EUS) is a useful but complex diagnostic modality which requires advanced endoscopy training and guidance by a supervisor. Since learning curves vary among individuals, assessment of the actual competence among EUS trainees is important.Design/methodsWe designed a novel assessment tool entitled Global Assessment of Performance and Skills in EUS (GAPS-EUS) for assessing skills among EUS trainees. Five quality indicators were marked on a five-grade scale by the supervisor (Observer Score) and by the trainee (Trainee Score). Trainees were included in two high-volume centres (Gothenburg, Sweden, and Bologna, Italy). Outcomes were feasibility, patient safety, reliability, and validity of GAPS-EUS in trainee-performed EUS procedures.ResultsTwenty-two EUS-trainees were assessed in a total of 157 EUS procedures with a completion rate of 157/157 (100 %) and a patient adverse event rate of 2/157 (1.3 %; gastroenteritis n=1, fever n=1). GAPS-EUS showed a high measurement reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient=0.87) and a high inter-rater reliability comparing the supervisor and the trainee (r=0.83, r2=0.69, p<0.001). The construct of GAPS-EUS was verified by comparing low-level and high-level performance procedures and the content validity by recording that the EUS-FNA manoeuvre resulted in a lower score than other aspects of EUS 3.07 (95% CI 2.91 to 3.23) vs 3.51 (95% CI 3.37 to 3.65) (p<0.001). External validity was confirmed via similar findings in both centres.ConclusionGAPS-EUS is an easy-to-use and reliable tool with a recorded high validity for the assessment of competence among trainees in EUS. It can be recommended to centres involved in the education of future endosonographers.Trial registration numberNCT02455570.
Assessing the impact of a combined nutrition counselling and cash transfer intervention on women’s empowerment in rural Bangladesh: a randomised control trial protocol
Authors: Kirkwood Elizabeth K , Dibley Michael John , Hoddinott John Frederick , Huda Tanvir , Laba Tracey Lea , Tahsina Tazeen , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi , Iqbal Afrin , Khan Jasmin , Ali Nazia Binte , Ullah Saad , Goodwin Nicholas , Muthayya Sumithra , Islam M Munirul , Ara Gulshan , Agho Kingsley Emwinyore , Arifeen Shams E , Alam Ashraful 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionThere is growing interest in assessing the impact of health interventions, particularly when women are the focus of the intervention, on women’s empowerment. Globally, research has shown that interventions targeting nutrition, health and economic development can affect women’s empowerment. Evidence suggests that women’s empowerment is also an underlying determinant of nutrition outcomes. Depending on the focus of the intervention, different domains of women’s empowerment will be influenced, for example, an increase in nutritional knowledge, or greater control over income and access to resources.ObjectiveThis study evaluates the impact of the Shonjibon Cash and Counselling (SCC) Trial that combines nutrition counselling and an unconditional cash transfer, delivered on a mobile platform, on women’s empowerment in rural Bangladesh.Methods and analysisWe will use a mixed-methods approach, combining statistical analysis of quantitative data from 2840 women in a cluster randomised controlled trial examining the impact of nutrition behaviour change communications (BCCs) and cash transfers on child undernutrition. Pregnant participants will be given a smartphone with a customised app, delivering nutrition BCC messages, and will receive nutrition counselling via a call centre and an unconditional cash transfer. This study is a component of the SCC Trial and will measure women’s empowerment using a composite indicator based on the Project-Level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index, with quantitative data collection at baseline and endline. Thematic analysis of qualitative data, collected through longitudinal interviews with women, husbands and mothers-in-law, will elicit a local understanding of women’s empowerment and the linkages between the intervention and women’s empowerment outcomes. This paper describes the study protocol to evaluate women’s empowerment in a nutrition-specific and sensitive intervention using internationally validated, innovative tools and will help fill the evidence gap on pathways of impact, highlighting areas to target for future programming.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval has been obtained from the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (Ref. PR 17106) and The University of Sydney (Ref: 2019/840). Findings from this study will be shared in Bangladesh with dissemination sessions in-country and internationally at conferences, and will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
Effect of tourniquet use on the risk of revision in total knee replacement surgery: an analysis of the National Joint Registry Data Set
Authors: Farhan-Alanie Muhamed M , Lee Yujin , Underwood Martin , Metcalfe Andrew , Wilkinson Mark J , Price Andrew James , Warwick Jane , Wall Peter David Henry 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTourniquet use in total knee replacement (TKR) is believed to improve the bone-cement interface by reducing bleeding, potentially prolonging implant survival. This study aimed to compare the risk of revision for primary cemented TKR performed with or without a tourniquet.DesignWe analysed data from the National Joint Registry (NJR) for all primary cemented TKRs performed in England and Wales between April 2003 and December 2003. Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox regression were used to assess the influence of tourniquet use, age at time of surgery, sex and American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) classification on risk of revision for all-causes.ResultsData were available for 16 974 cases of primary cemented TKR, of which 16 132 had surgery with a tourniquet and 842 had surgery without a tourniquet. At 10 years, 3.8% had undergone revision (95% CI 2.6% to 5.5%) in the no-tourniquet group and 3.1% in the tourniquet group (95% CI 2.8% to 3.4%). After adjusting for age at primary surgery, gender and primary ASA score, the HR for all-cause revision for cemented TKR without a tourniquet was 0.82 (95% CI 0.57 to 1.18).ConclusionsWe did not find evidence that using a tourniquet for primary cemented TKR offers a clinically important or statistically significant reduction in the risk of all-cause revision up to 13 years after surgery. Surgeons should consider this evidence when deciding whether to use a tourniquet for cemented TKR.
Inconvenient relationship of haemoglobin A1c level with endothelial function in type 2 diabetes in a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yamaji Takayuki , Harada Takahiro , Hashimoto Yu , Takaeko Yuji , Kajikawa Masato , Han Yiming , Maruhashi Tatsuya , Kishimoto Shinji , Hashimoto Haruki , Kihara Yasuki , Hida Eisuke , Chayama Kazuaki , Goto Chikara , Yusoff Farina Mohamad , Nakashima Ayumu , Higashi Yukihito 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the relationship of haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level with flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and nitroglycerine-induced vasodilation (NID) in patients with type 2 diabetes.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting22 university hospitals and affiliated clinics in Japan.Participants1215 patients with type 2 diabetes including 349 patients not taking antidiabetic drugs.MeasuresWe evaluated FMD and HbA1c level. All patients were divided into four groups based on HbA1c level: <6.5%, 6.5%–6.9%, 7.0%–7.9% and ≥8.0%.ResultsAn inverted U-shaped pattern of association between HbA1c level and FMD was observed at the peak of HbA1c of about 7%. FMD was significantly smaller in the HbA1c <6.5% group than in the HbA1c 6.5%–6.9% group and HbA1c 7.0%–7.9% group (p<0.001 and p<0.001), and FMD values were similar in the HbA1c <6.5% group and HbA1c ≥8.0% group. There were no significant differences in NID values among the four groups. After adjustments for confounding factors, FMD was significantly smaller in the HbA1c <6.5% group than in the HbA1c 6.5%–6.9% and HbA1c 7.0%–7.9% group (p=0.002 and p=0.04). In patients not taking antidiabetic drugs, FMD was also significantly smaller in the HbA1c <6.5% group than in the HbA1c 6.5%–6.9% group and HbA1c 7.0%–7.9% group (p<0.001 and p=0.02), and there were no significant differences in NID values among the four groups.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that there is an inverted U-shaped pattern of association between FMD and HbA1c and that a low HbA1c level of <6.5% is associated with endothelial dysfunction.Trial registration numberUMIN000012950, UMIN000012951, UMIN000012952 and UMIN000003409.
Prediction of myopia onset with refractive error measured using non-cycloplegic subjective refraction: the WEPrOM Study
Authors: Wong Yee Ling , Yuan Yimin , Su Binbin , Tufail Shezad , Ding Yang , Ye Yingying , Paille Damien , Drobe Björn , Chen Hao , Bao Jinhua 
Published: June 2021

Background/aimsTo evaluate the predictive performance of various predictors, including non-cycloplegic refractive error, for risk of myopia onset under pragmatic settings.MethodsThe Wenzhou Medical University Essilor Progression and Onset of Myopia Study is a prospective cohort study of schoolchildren aged 6–10 years from two elementary schools in Wenzhou, China. Non-cycloplegic refraction, ocular biometry and accommodation measurements were performed. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent (SE) ≤−0.5 diopter (D). ORs using multivariable logistic regression were determined. Area under the curve (AUC) evaluation for predictors was performed.ResultsSchoolchildren who attended both baseline and 2-year follow-up were analysed (N=1022). Of 830 non-myopic children at baseline, the 2-year incidence of myopia was 27.6% (95% CI, 24.2% to 31.3%). Female gender (OR=2.2), more advanced study grades (OR=1.5), less hyperopic SE (OR=11.5 per D), longer axial length (AL; OR=2.3 per mm), worse presenting visual acuity (OR=2.3 per decimal), longer near work time (OR=1.1 per hour/day) and lower magnitude of positive relative accommodation (PRA; OR=1.4 per D) were associated with myopia onset. PRA (AUC=0.66), SE (AUC=0.64) and AL (AUC=0.62) had the highest AUC values. The combination of age, gender, parental myopia, SE, AL and PRA achieved an AUC of 0.74.ConclusionApproximately one in four schoolchildren had myopia onset over a 2-year period. The predictors of myopia onset include lower magnitude of PRA, less hyperopic SE, longer AL and female gender. Of these, non-cycloplegic SE and PRA were the top single predictors, which can facilitate risk profiling for myopia onset.
Efficacy and safety of vasopressin and terlipressin in preterm neonates: a protocol for a systematic review
Authors: Alsaadi Abdulrahman Salim , Sushko Katelyn , Bui Vivian , Van Den Anker John , Razak Abdul , Samiee-Zafarghandy Samira 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundThe use of vasoactive agents like arginine vasopressin (AVP) and terlipressin to treat hypotension or persistent pulmonary hypertension in critically ill preterm neonates is increasing. Therefore, a systematic review of the available data on dosing, efficacy and safety of AVP and terlipressin in this patient population appears beneficial.MethodsWe will conduct a systematic review of the available evidence on the use of AVP and terlipressin for the treatment of hypotension or persistent pulmonary hypertension in preterm neonates. We will search Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science and Google Scholar from inception to March 2021. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, review the full text of eligible studies, extract data, assess the risk of bias and judge the certainty of the evidence. Our primary outcome will be an (1) improvement of end-organ perfusion after initiation of AVP or terlipressin and (2) mortality prior to discharge. Our secondary outcomes will include (1) major neurosensory abnormality and (2) the occurrence of adverse events.DiscussionThe currently available evidence on the efficacy and safety of AVP and terlipressin in preterm neonates is limited. Yet, evidence on the pharmacology of these drugs and the pathophysiology of vasoplegic shock support the biological plausibility for their clinical effectiveness in this population. Therefore, we aim to address this gap concerning the use of vasopressin and terlipressin among critically ill preterm neonates.Trial registrationThis protocol has been submitted for registration to the international database of prospectively registered systematic reviews (PROSPERO, awaiting registration number).
QCD phase diagram in a constant magnetic background
Authors: Andersen Jens O. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMagnetic catalysis is the enhancement of a condensate due to the presence of an external magnetic field. Magnetic catalysis at $$T=0$$

T
=
0

is a robust phenomenon in low-energy theories and models of QCD as well as in lattice simulations. We review the underlying physics of magnetic catalysis from both perspectives. The quark-meson model is used as a specific example of a model that exhibits magnetic catalysis. Regularization and renormalization are discussed and we pay particular attention to a consistent and correct determination of the parameters of the Lagrangian using the on-shell renormalization scheme. A straightforward application of the quark-meson model and the NJL model leads to the prediction that the chiral transition temperature $$T_{\chi }$$

T
χ

is increasing as a function of the magnetic field B. This is in disagreement with lattice results, which show that $$T_{\chi }$$

T
χ

is a decreasing function of B, independent of the pion mass. The behavior can be understood in terms of the so-called valence and sea contributions to the quark condensate and the competition between them. We critically examine these ideas as well recent attempts to improve low-energy models using lattice input.
Gauging scale symmetry and inflation: Weyl versus Palatini gravity
Authors: Ghilencea D. M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe present a comparative study of inflation in two theories of quadratic gravity withgaugedscale symmetry: (1) the original Weyl quadratic gravity and (2) the theory defined by a similar action but in the Palatini approach obtained by replacing the Weyl connection by its Palatini counterpart. These theories have different vectorial non-metricity induced by the gauge field ($$w_\mu $$wμ) of this symmetry. Both theories have a novel spontaneous breaking of gauged scale symmetry, in the absence of matter, where the necessary scalar field is not added ad-hoc to this purpose but is of geometric origin and part of the quadratic action. The Einstein-Proca action (of$$w_\mu $$wμ), Planck scale and metricity emerge in the broken phase after$$w_\mu $$wμacquires mass (Stueckelberg mechanism), then decouples. In the presence of matter ($$\phi _1$$ϕ1), non-minimally coupled, the scalar potential is similar in both theories up to couplings and field rescaling. For small field values the potential is Higgs-like while for large fields inflation is possible. Due to their$$R^2$$R2term, both theories have a small tensor-to-scalar ratio ($$r\sim 10^{-3}$$r∼10-3), larger in Palatini case. For a fixed spectral index$$n_s$$ns, reducing the non-minimal coupling ($$\xi _1$$ξ1) increasesrwhich in Weyl theory is bounded from above by that of Starobinsky inflation. For a small enough$$\xi _1\le 10^{-3}$$ξ1≤10-3, unlike the Palatini version, Weyl theory gives a dependence$$r(n_s)$$r(ns)similar to that in Starobinsky inflation, while also protectingragainst higher dimensional operators corrections.
CROWD: Crow Search and Deep Learning based Feature Extractor for Classification of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Masud Mehedi , Singh Parminder , Gaba Gurjot Singh , Kaur Avinash , Alroobaea Roobaea , Alrashoud Mubarak , Alqahtani Salman Ali 
Published: June 2021

Edge Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the latest trend for next-generation computing for data analytics, particularly in predictive edge analytics for high-risk diseases like Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Deep learning learning techniques facilitate edge AI applications for enhanced, real-time handling of data. Dopamine is the cause of Parkinson’s that happens due to the interference of brain cells that produce the substance to regulate the communication of brain cells. The brain cells responsible for generating the dopamine perform adaptation, control, and movement with fluency. Parkinson’s motor symptoms appear on the loss of 60% to 80% of cells, due to the non-production of appropriate dopamine. Recent research found a close connection between the speech impairment and PD. Many researchers have developed a classification algorithm to identify the PD from speech signals. In this article, Adaptive Crow Search Algorithm (ACSA) and Deep Learning (DL)–based optimal feature selection method are introduced. The proposed model is the combination of CROW Search and Deep learning (CROWD) stack sparse autoencoder neural network. Parkinson’s dataset is taken for the experiment from the Irvine dataset repository at the University of California (UCI). In the first phase, dataset cleaning is performed to handle the missing values in the dataset. After that, the proposed ACSA algorithm is employed to find the scrunched feature vector. Furthermore, stack spare autoencoder with seven hidden layers is employed to generate the compressed feature vector. The performance of the proposed CROWD autoencoder model is compared with three feature selection approaches for six supervised classification techniques. The experiment result demonstrates that the performance of the proposed CROWD autoencoder feature selection model has outperformed the benchmarked feature selection techniques: (i) Maximum Relevance (mRMR) (ii) Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), and (iii) Correlation-based Feature Selection (CFS), to classify Parkinson’s disease. This research has significance in the healthcare sector for the enhancement of classification accuracy up to 0.96%.