bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social-cognition and dog-human interactions: Is there potential for therapeutic-interventions for the disability sector?
Authors: Bellio M. , Silveira S. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The notion that dog-human interactions have the potential to mitigate impacts concerning the delay of typical development of social skills in humans is a novel concept. Research evidence concerning three aspects of social-cognition: sensory perception of social-cues, theory of mind and learning social-schemas, were reviewed with the scope to explore this notion. Literature from two different fields of research inquiry: animal-behaviour and neuroscience, was evaluated. Emerging from the animal-behavioural studies’ review was that aspects of dog behaviour could be a functional analogue of human behaviour (e.g. perception of social-cues). Neuroscience research theories concerning the functional role of the mirror neuron system in social-cognition in humans were evaluated against evidence from animal-behavioural studies investigating the relationship between dogs and children with socio-communicative developmental delays (e.g. vision impairment, Autism). It emerged that both fields of research suggested that through “embodied simulations” an alternative (e.g. to language and/or vision) approach to acquiring knowledge concerning the world of social interactions may be possible for individuals who present with developmental delays of social-competence. Within this context it is suggested that dog-human interactions may provide learning opportunities for development of social-competence in individuals with vision impairment. Implications for practice for the disability sector and specific examples for professionals who work with individuals who have vision impairment and assistance/therapy dogs are discussed.
Repurposing Drugs as Novel Triple-negative Breast Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Das Amiya , Agarwal Pallavi , Jain Gaurav Kumar , Aggarwal Geeta , Lather Viney , Pandita Deepti 
Published: October 2021

Background:Among all the types of breast cancer (BC), triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive form having high metastasis and recurrence rate with limited treatment options. Conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy have lots of toxic side effects and also no FDA approved therapies are available till now. Repurposing of old clinically approved drugs towards various targets of TNBC is the new approach with lesser side effects and also leads to successful inexpensive drug development with less time consuming. Medicinal plants containg various phytoconstituents (flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, essential oils, tanins, glycosides, lactones) plays very crucial role in combating various types of diseases and used in drug development process because of having lesser side effects.Objective:The present review focuses in summarization of various categories of repurposed drugs against multitarget of TNBC and also summarizes the phytochemical categories that targets TNBC singly or in combination with synthetic old drugs.Methods:Literature information was collected from various databases such as Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus and Medline to understand and clarify the role and mechanism of repurposed synthetic drugs and phytoconstituents aginst TNBC by using keywords like “breast cancer”, “repurposed drugs”, “TNBC” and “phytoconstituents”.Results:Various repurposed drugs and phytochemicals targeting different signaling pathways that exerts their cytotoxic activities on TNBC cells ultimately leads to apoptosis of cells and also lowers the recurrence rate and stops the metastasis process.Conclusion:Inhibitory effects seen in different levels, which provides information and evidences to researchers towards drug developments process and thus further more investigations and researches need to be taken to get the better therapeutic treatment options against TNBC.
Estimating the risk of thrombotic events in people with congenital hemophilia A using US claims data
Authors: Faghmous Imi , Nissen Francis , Kuebler Peter , Flores Carlos , Patel Anisha M , Pipe Steven W 
Published: October 2021

Aim:Compare thrombotic risk in people with congenital hemophilia A (PwcHA) to the general non-hemophilia A (HA) population.Patients & methods:US claims databases were analyzed to identify PwcHA. Incidence rates of myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis and device-related thrombosis were compared with a matched cohort without HA.Results:Over 3490 PwcHA were identified and 16,380 individuals matched. PwcHA had a similar incidence of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism compared with the non-HA population, but a slightly higher incidence of ischemic stroke and deep vein thrombosis. The incidence of device-related thrombosis was significantly higher in PwcHA.Conclusion:This analysis suggests that PwcHA are not protected against thrombosis, and provides context to evaluate thrombotic risk of HA treatments.
John Henry Guy: A Man of Many Parts
Authors: Edwards John Richard 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
John Henry Guy worked in Britain and the United States throughout the first half of the twentieth century. He became the financial vice president of the M. Rumely Company of Indiana at just 31 years of age and, on his return to Britain, made a major contribution to the war effort while working as an accountant at the British Ministry of Munitions. It is also revealed that Guy took a broad view of accounting as a mechanism capable of achieving the more efficient use of resources by demonstrating its potential role within the domestic sphere. Throughout his career, Guy's religious convictions caused him great anxiety as he believed that the objectives of capitalism were fundamentally irreconcilable with the Christian principles that defined the legitimate conduct of daily life. Indeed, his own story demonstrates how easy it is for businesspeople to become associated with the shady side of commercial affairs.
The efficacy of fluoride varnish vs a filled resin sealant for preventing white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment:
Authors: Flynn Lauren N. , Julien Katie , Noureldin Amal , Buschang Peter H. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To compare the efficacy of casein phosphopeptide (CPP)-amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) MI Varnish (GC America, Inc, Alsip, IL) and ProSeal (Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, IL) sealant in preventing the development of white spot lesions (WSLs) in orthodontic patients.

Materials and Methods
This prospective randomized clinical trial included 40 orthodontic patients 12–17 years of age. One group had sealants placed on their anterior maxillary teeth, with reapplications every 3 months. The other group had MI Varnish applied every 4–6 weeks. WSL formation and oral hygiene were evaluated at the initial appointment before bonding (T1) and 12 months later (T2). Standardized digital photographs were analyzed using the enamel decalcification index (EDI). Statistical comparisons were made using independent and paired-sample t-tests as well as chi-square tests.

Results
In this trial, 43% of patients and 15% of teeth developed new WSLs. Lateral incisors showed the highest incidence of decalcification and WSL formation. WSL formation and EDI score increases during treatment were significantly greater in the gingival region than in the mesial, distal, or incisal regions. Of the EDI scores at T2, 93.8% were 0 and 5.5% were 1. Poor oral hygiene at T2 showed a high positive predictive value (76%) for the development of WSLs. There were no statistically significant between-group differences for the development of WSLs.

Conclusions
MI Varnish and ProSeal sealant provided similar levels of protection during the first 12 months of fixed orthodontic treatment. The severity of the WSLs that developed was minimal. WSLs were most likely to develop on lateral incisors and in the gingival regions of teeth, especially among patients with poorer oral hygiene.
Postcovid syndrome: regarding the risks of developing thrombotic complications in patients with ischemic limb lesions (clinical cases)
Authors: Vysochyna I.L. , Nikolaenko-Kamyshova T.P. , Biesiedin O.M. 
Published: October 2021

The problem of postcovidal syndrome is currently relevant, since in the stabilization of vital functions, the processes of immunological inflammation with significant disorders of endothelium functions continue; this causes tissue ischemization, especially in the presence of changes at the level of microcirculation in patients with angiopathy and vasculopathy. It is noted that in COVID-19 comorbidity with hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, systemic connective tissue diseases the risks, course, prognosis and development of vascular complications significantly increase. The severity of the inflammatory process and predicting the likelihood of complications is accompanied by changes in laboratory indicators, namely: in the general blood test – leukocytosis, an increase in the level of neitrophilic granulocytes, a decrease in the content of hemoglobin and platelets; in biochemical indicators – a decrease in the level of the general protein, an increase in the indicators of alaninetransferase, aspartaminotransferase, C-reactive protein, lactatdehydrogenase, ferritin; coagulation changes – increase in the level of fibrinogen, D-dimer, reduction of activated partial thromboplastic time. On the basis of the considered clinical cases, taking into account modern ideas about the peculiarities of the development of thrombotic complications in COVID-19 infection in patients with ischemic lesions of the extremities, the need to prescribe low molecular weight heparin as a selection drug for the treatment of thrombophilic conditions has been proven. Detailed study of histological material is important for establishing changes at the level of microcirculation and ischemization of tissues, this will allow to develop algorithms for the treatment and prevention of complications. Solving these issues, not only in the presence of COVID-19, but also in any stressful cases, requires careful clarification of the mechanisms for the development of complications and a timely adequate integrated approach to treatment to improve and stabilize the condition of patients.
الحماية المدنية للبيئة المائية من التلوث
Authors: حسن محسن الجامعي علي 
Published: October 2021

يتناول البحث مدى الحماية المدنية للبيئة المائية من التلوث من خلال التركيز على ماهية البيئة المائية ومفهوم التلوث المائي من خلال بيان معناه واسبابه ، وكذلك موقف التشريعات الداخلية ودورها في حماية البيئة المائية وبالخصوص موقف التشريعات المدنية والتشريعات الخاصة بحماية البيئة المائية من التلوث . وكذلك بيان اهم الوسائل والاجراءات اللازمة لمنع وقوع التلوث وكذلك الوسائل اللازمة للحد من هذا التلوث في حال وقوعه وما يسببه من أضرار جسيمة للكائنات الحية سواء للانسان أم للحيوانات والنباتات المائية ، وكذلك فرض الجزاءات المدنية عند تحقق هذه المسؤولية ، وفي الختام سنصل إلى مجموعة من النتائج والتي عسى أن تسهم في حل بعض المشكلات البيئية في نطاق القانوني المدني .
Efficacy of prophylactic versus therapeutic administration of the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 on the acute neurochemical response to a concussion in a rat model combining force and rotation
Authors: Masse Ian , Moquin Luc , Bouchard Caroline , Gratton Alain , De Beaumont Louis 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
Alterations in amino acid concentrations are a major contributor to the persistent neurological and behavioral effects induced by concussions and mild traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Glutamate, the most abundant excitatory amino acid in the CNS, has a major role in the pathophysiological process of concussion. The indiscriminate liberation of glutamate immediately after a concussion triggers an excitotoxic response that leads to cell death, neuronal damage, and the dysfunction of surviving neurons, largely by overactivation of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of prophylactic versus therapeutic administration of MK-801, a promising NMDA receptor antagonist, on the acute changes in amino acid extracellular concentrations involved in excitotoxicity resulting from a concussive trauma.

METHODS
The immediate neurochemical response to a concussion cannot be characterized in humans. Therefore, the authors used their previously validated combination of a weight-drop concussion rat model and in vivo cerebral microdialysis. The microdialysis probe was inserted inside the hippocampus and left inserted at impact to allow uninterrupted sampling of amino acids of interest immediately after concussion. The primary outcome included amino acid concentrations and the secondary outcome included righting time. Samples were taken in 10-minute increments for 60 minutes before, during, and 60 minutes after impact, and analyzed for glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, taurine, glycine, glutamine, and serine using high-performance liquid chromatography. Righting time was acquired as a neurological restoration indicator. Physiological saline or 10 mg/kg MK-801 was administrated intraperitoneally 60 minutes before or immediately following induction of sham injury or concussion.

RESULTS
Following induction of concussion, glutamate, taurine, and glycine levels as well as righting times in cases from the MK-801 treatment group were comparable to those of vehicle-treated animals. In contrast, righting times and amino acid concentrations observed within the first 10 minutes after induction of concussion in cases assigned to the MK-801 prophylaxis group were comparable to those of sham-injured animals.

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that presynaptic actions and peak availability of MK-801 following prophylactic administration significantly inhibit the immediate and indiscriminate release of glutamate, taurine, and glycine in extracellular fluid after a concussion.
Lack of somatotopy among corticospinal tract fibers passing through the primate craniovertebral junction and cervical spinal cord: pathoanatomical substrate of central cord syndrome and cruciate paralysis
Authors: Morecraft Robert J. , Stilwell-Morecraft Kimberly S. , Ge Jizhi , Kraskov Alexander , Lemon Roger N. 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
In some cases of incomplete cervical spinal cord injury (iSCI) there is marked paresis and dysfunction of upper-extremity movement but not lower-extremity movement. A continued explanation of such symptoms is a somatotopic organization of corticospinal tract (CST) fibers passing through the decussation at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) and lateral CST (LCST). In central cord syndrome, it has been suggested that injury to the core of the cervical cord may include selective damage to medially located arm/hand LCST fibers, without compromising laterally located leg fibers. Because such somatotopic organization in the primate CST might contribute to the disproportionate motor deficits after some forms of iSCI, the authors made a systematic investigation of CST organization in the CVJ and LCST using modern neuroanatomical techniques.

METHODS
High-resolution anterograde tracers were used in 11 rhesus macaque monkeys to define the course of the corticospinal projection (CSP) through the CVJ and LCST from the arm/hand, shoulder, and leg areas of the primary motor cortex (M1). This approach labels CST fibers of all sizes, large and small, arising in these areas. The CSP from the dorsolateral and ventrolateral premotor cortex and supplementary motor area were also studied. A stereological approach was adapted to quantify labeled fiber distribution in 8 cases.

RESULTS
There was no evidence for somatotopic organization of CST fibers passing through the CVJ or contralateral LCST. Fiber labeling from each cortical representation was widespread throughout the CST at the CVJ and LCST and overlapped extensively with fibers from other representations. This study demonstrated no significant difference between medial versus lateral subsectors of the LCST in terms of number of fibers labeled from the M1 arm/hand area.

CONCLUSIONS
This investigation firmly rejects the concept of somatotopy among CST fibers passing through the CVJ and LCST, in contrast with the somatotopy in the cortex, corona radiata, and internal capsule. All CST fibers in the CVJ and LCST would thus appear to be equally susceptible to focal or diffuse injury, regardless of their cortical origin. The disproportionate impairment of arm/hand movement after iSCI must therefore be due to other factors, including greater dependence of hand/arm movements on the CST compared with the lower limb. The dispersed and intermingled nature of frontomotor fibers may be important in motor recovery after cervical iSCI.
Preoperative pelvic obliquity: possible relation to postoperative coronal decompensation in thoracolumbar/lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Banno Tomohiro , Yamato Yu , Oba Hiroki , Ohba Tetsuro , Hasegawa Tomohiko , Yoshida Go , Arima Hideyuki , Oe Shin , Mihara Yuki , Ushirozako Hiroki , Takahashi Jun , Haro Hirotaka , Matsuyama Yukihiro 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
Pelvic obliquity is frequently observed in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis with thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curve. This study aimed to assess pelvic obliquity changes and their effects on clinical outcomes of posterior fusion surgery.

METHODS
Data in 80 patients (69 with type 5C and 11 with type 6C adolescent idiopathic scoliosis) who underwent posterior fusion surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Pelvic obliquity was defined as an absolute pelvic obliquity angle (POA) value of ≥ 3°. The patients were divided into groups according to preoperative pelvic obliquity. Moreover, patients with preoperative pelvic obliquity were divided based on POA change from preoperative values versus 2 years postoperatively. Patients were divided based on the presence of selective or nonselective TL/L fusion. Radiographic parameters and clinical outcomes were compared between these groups.

RESULTS
Among 80 patients, 41 (51%) showed preoperative pelvic obliquity, and its direction was upward to the right for all cases. Coronal decompensation 2 years postoperatively was significantly elevated in patients with preoperative pelvic obliquity (p < 0.05). Thirty-two patients (40%) displayed pelvic obliquity 2 years postoperatively. Among 41 patients with preoperative pelvic obliquity, 22 patients (54%) were in the group with a decrease in POA, and 19 were in the group with no decrease. The group with no decrease in POA showed significant TL/L curve progression throughout the postoperative follow-up period. The patients with nonselective fusion showed a significantly lower incidence of pelvic obliquity at 2 years postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS
Postoperative coronal decompensation more frequently occurred in patients with preoperative pelvic obliquity than in those without pelvic obliquity preoperatively. In addition, postoperative pelvic obliquity changes may be related to residual lumbar curve behavior.
Outcomes of epilepsy surgery in the older population: not too old, not too late
Authors: Kerezoudis Panagiotis , Singh Rohin , Parisi Veronica , Worrell Gregory A. , Miller Kai J. , Marsh W. Richard , Van Gompel Jamie J. 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
The prevalence of epilepsy in the older adult population is increasing. While surgical intervention in younger patients is supported by level I evidence, the safety and efficacy of epilepsy surgery in older individuals is less well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate seizure freedom rates and surgical outcomes in older epilepsy patients.

METHODS
The authors’ institutional electronic database was queried for patients older than 50 who had undergone epilepsy surgery during 2002–2018. Cases were grouped into 50–59, 60–69, and 70+ years old. Seizure freedom at the last follow-up constituted the primary outcome of interest. The institutional analysis was supplemented by a literature review and meta-analysis (random effects model) of all published studies on this topic as well as by an analysis of complication rates, mortality rates, and cost data from a nationwide administrative database (Vizient Inc., years 2016–2019).

RESULTS
A total of 73 patients (n = 16 for 50–59 years, n = 47 for 60–69, and n = 10 for 70+) were treated at the authors’ institution. The median age was 63 years, and 66% of the patients were female. At a median follow-up of 24 months, seizure freedom was 73% for the overall cohort, 63% for the 50–59 group, 77% for the 60–69 group, and 70% for the 70+ group. The literature search identified 15 additional retrospective studies (474 cases). Temporal lobectomy was the most commonly performed procedure (73%), and mesial temporal sclerosis was the most common pathology (52%), followed by nonspecific gliosis (19%). The pooled mean follow-up was 39 months (range 6–114.8 months) with a pooled seizure freedom rate of 65% (95% CI 59%–72%). On multivariable meta-regression analysis, an older mean age at surgery (coefficient [coeff] 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–3.1, p < 0.001) and the presence of mesial temporal sclerosis (coeff 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.6, p = 0.015) were the most important predictors of seizure freedom. Finally, analysis of the Vizient database revealed mortality rates of 0.5%, 1.1%, and 9.6%; complication rates of 7.1%, 10.1%, and 17.3%; and mean hospital costs of $31,977, $34,586, and $40,153 for patients aged 50–59, 60–69, and 70+ years, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
While seizure-free outcomes of epilepsy surgery are excellent, there is an expected increase in morbidity and mortality with increasing age. Findings in this study on the safety and efficacy of epilepsy surgery in the older population may serve as a useful guide during preoperative decision-making and patient counseling.
Transverse sinus stenting without surgical repair in idiopathic CSF rhinorrhea associated with transverse sinus stenoses: a pilot study
Authors: Lenck Stephanie , Nouet Aurelien , Shotar Eimad , Abi Jaoudé Samiya , Nicholson Patrick , Premat Kevin , Corcy Celine , Boch Anne-Laure , Sourour Nader Antoine , Tankere Frederic , Carpentier Alexandre , Clarençon Frederic 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
Based on their clinical and radiological patterns, idiopathic CSF rhinorrhea and idiopathic intracranial hypertension can represent different clinical expressions of the same underlying pathological process. Transverse sinus stenoses are associated with both diseases, resulting in eventual restriction of the venous CSF outflow pathway. While venous sinus stenting has emerged as a promising treatment for idiopathic intracranial hypertension, its efficiency on idiopathic CSF leaks has not been very well addressed in the literature so far. The purpose of this study was to report the results of transverse sinus stenting in patients with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea associated with transverse sinus stenoses.

METHODS
From a prospectively collected database, the authors retrospectively collected the clinical and radiological features of the patients with spontaneous CSF leakage who were treated with venous sinus stenting.

RESULTS
Five female patients were included in this study. Transverse sinus stenoses were present in all patients, and other radiological signs of idiopathic intracranial hypertension were present in 4 patients. The median transstenotic pressure gradient was 6.5 mm Hg (range 3–9 mm Hg). Venous stenting resulted in the disappearance of the leak in 4 patients with no recurrence and no subsequent meningitis during the follow-up (median 12 months, range 6–63 months).

CONCLUSIONS
According to the authors’ results, venous sinus stenting may result in the disappearance of the leak in many cases of idiopathic CSF rhinorrhea. Larger comparative studies are needed to assess the efficiency and safety of venous stenting as a first-line approach in patients with spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea associated with transverse sinus stenoses.