bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Cylindrical Wireless Metasurfaces in Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Chi Zhonghai , Yi Yi , Wang Yakui , Wu Maopeng , Wang Lixue , Zhao Xihai , Meng Yonggang , Zheng Zhuozhao , Zhao Qian , Zhou Ji 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) is one of the most important criteria for evaluating the image quality in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and metasurfaces with unique electromagnetic properties provide a novel method for SNR improvement. However, their applications in clinical MRI are highly restricted by the inhomogeneous enhancement of the magnetic field and interference in the radio frequency (RF) transmitting field. In this study, an adaptive cylindrical wireless metasurface (ACWM) with homogeneous field enhancement and adaptive resonant modes is reported. The ACWM automatically switches its resonant modes between the partial (transmitting period) and whole (receiving period) resonance, which enables it to not only eliminate the interference in RF transmitting field, but also greatly enhance the SNR. Its adaptability also makes the ACWM applicable to all common clinical sequences without any modifications in the scan parameters. The SNR of MRI images of the human wrist, acquired with ACWM, is two to four times compared with the conventional coil. This work offers a practical control method to fill the scientific knowledge gaps between the preclinical research and medical applications for metasurfaces, and suggests a novel and powerful tool for diagnosing and evaluating human diseases.
Efficient Organic Upconversion Devices for Low Energy Consumption and High‐Quality Noninvasive Imaging
Authors: Du Xiaoyang , Han Jiayue , He Zeyu , Han Chao , Wang Xiaomu , Wang Jun , Jiang Yadong , Tao Silu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInfrared upconversion devices (UCDs) enable low‐cost visualization of infrared optical signals without utilizing a readout circuit, which is of great significance for biological recognition and noninvasive dynamic monitoring. However, UCDs suffer from inferior photon to photon (p–p) efficiency and high turn‐on voltage (Von) for upconversion operation, hindering a further expansion in highly resolved infrared imaging. Herein, an efficient organic UCD integrating an interfacial exciplex emitter and a well‐designed near‐infrared (NIR) detector reveals a high efficiency up to 12.92% and a low Von down to 1.56 V. The low Von gives the capacity for detecting weak NIR light down to 3.2 µW cm–2, significantly expanding the detection power scale of UCDs. Thus, the imaging linear dynamic range (I‐LDR) is highly bias‐tunable, ranging from 13.23 to 84.4 dB. The high I‐LDR enables highly resolved and strong‐penetration bioimaging especially for thick biological sections, indicating great potential in noninvasive defect and pathological detection.
Mechanically Tunable Superhydrophobic Surfaces Enabled by the Rational Manipulation of Microcrack Networks in Nanoporous Films
Authors: Mazaltarim Ali J. , Torres Angel , Morin Stephen A. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdaptive materials with tunable superhydrophobic surfaces promise to impact a range of fluid handling technologies; however, adaptive superhydrophobic materials remain difficult to fabricate, control, and switch rapidly. Here, a versatile method for generating hierarchically structured and adaptive superhydrophobic silicone films for the rational control of surface wettability and droplet adhesion is reported. Specifically, mechanical tension is utilized to manipulate networks of microcracks in nanoporous layers supported on elastomeric silicone films, enabling dynamic modulation of superhydrophobicity and droplet adhesion. The reported mechano‐responsive superhydrophobic surfaces are applied to directional droplet shedding and “no‐loss” droplet transport and are used to generate artificial “skins” with droplet tweezing capabilities. This approach provides materials with enhanced functionality useful to a range of emergent technologies, including adaptive textiles, biocompatible (wearable) sensors, soft robotics, anti‐icing systems, “no‐loss” droplet manipulators, and thermal management devices.
Biallelic ITGB4 variants in familial pyloric atresia without epidermolysis bullosa: Report of two families with five siblings
Authors: Soyer Tutku , Karaosmanoglu Beren , Taskiran Ekim Z. , Kiper Pelin Özlem Şimşek , Karnak İbrahim , Boduroğlu Koray , Utine Gülen Eda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPyloric atresia (PA) is a rare gastrointestinal anomaly that occurs either as an isolated lesion or in association with other congenital or hereditary anomalies. Familial occurrence of PA with epidermolysis bullosa (EB) has been well documented and variants in ITGA6, ITGB4, and PLEC are known to cause EB with PA. However, no gene variants have been defined in familial isolated PA. Five siblings with familial isolated PA are presented that suggest biallelic ITGB4 variants may underlie the development of PA without EB. Five siblings from two unrelated families with isolated PA were studied with exome sequencing (ES) to identify the genetic etiology in isolated familial cases. Exome sequencing was performed in one affected patient from each family. Validation and segregation studies were done by Sanger sequencing. Parents were first cousins in one family but there was no consanguinity in the other family. Type‐2 PA was detected in both families and none of the probands had associated anomalies. All patients underwent successful gastroduodenostomy and have been under follow‐up uneventfully. All patients had biallelic ITGB4 variants, c.2032G > T p.(Asp678Tyr) being a novel one. Biallelic ITGB4 variants may underlie the development of PA without associated EB. Further detection of variants in this gene may establish any possible genotype–phenotype correlations.
Nonhuman primates at the intersection of aging biology, chronic disease, and health: An introduction to the American Journal of Primatology Special Issue on aging, cognitive decline, and neuropathology in nonhuman primates
Authors: Shively Carol A. , Lacreuse Agnès , Frye Brett M. , Rothwell Emily S. , Moro Manuel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAging across the Primate Order is poorly understood because ages of individuals are often unknown, there is a dearth of aged animals available for study, and because aging is best characterized by longitudinal studies which are difficult to carry out in long‐lived species. The human population is aging rapidly, and advanced age is a primary risk factor for several chronic diseases and conditions that impact healthspan. As lifespan has increased, diseases and disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) have become more prevalent, and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias have become epidemic. Nonhuman primate (NHP) models are key to understanding the aging primate CNS. This Special Issue presents a review of current knowledge about NHP CNS aging across the Primate Order. Similarities and differences to human aging, and their implications for the validity of NHP models of aging are considered. Topics include aging‐related brain structure and function, neuropathologies, cognitive performance, social behavior and social network characteristics, and physical, sensory, and motor function. Challenges to primate CNS aging research are discussed. Together, this collection of articles demonstrates the value of studying aging in a breadth of NHP models to advance our understanding of human and nonhuman primate aging and healthspan.
Distorted Sandwich α‐Diimine PdII Catalyst: Linear Polyethylene and Synthesis of Ethylene/Acrylate Elastomers
Authors: Liu Yu‐Sheng , Harth Eva 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe introduction of m‐xylyl substituents to α‐diimine PdII catalyst promotes living ethylene polymerization at room temperature and low pressure to yield high molecular weight polyethylene (PE) with low branching (<17/1000 C). m‐Xylyl groups provide a highly effective blockage to the axial sites of the catalytic center and form a distorted sandwich geometry. The shielding prevents chain‐transfer and easy accessibility of polar monomers, leading to a living polymerization. Conducting a light irradiation as part of the one‐step metal‐organic insertion light initiated radical (MILRad) process leads to diblock copolymers of ethylene and acrylates. Incorporation of different acrylate block sequences can significantly modify the mechanical and chemical properties of block copolymers which can be modulated to be a hard plastic, elastomer, or semi‐amorphous polymer.
Dihydrogen Activation by Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Aluminyls
Authors: Evans Matthew J. , Anker Mathew D. , McMullin Claire L. , Neale Sam E. , Coles Martyn P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTo date, aluminyl anions have been exclusively isolated as their potassium salts. We report herein the synthesis of the lithium and sodium aluminyls,M2[Al(NONDipp)]2(M=Li, Na. NONDipp=[O(SiMe2NDipp)2]2−; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3). Both compounds crystallize from non‐coordinating solvent as “slipped” contacted dimeric pairs with strongM⋅⋅⋅π(aryl) interactions. Isolation from Et2O solution affords the monomeric ion pairs (NONDipp)Al‐M(Et2O)2, which contain discrete Al−Li and Al−Na bonds. The ability of the full series of Li, Na and K aluminyls to activate dihydrogen is reported.
Compressive Strain Modulation of Single Iron Sites on Helical Carbon Support Boosts Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Yang Jia , Wang Zhiyuan , Huang Chun‐Xiang , Zhang Yida , Zhang Qinghua , Chen Cai , Du Junyi , Zhou Xiao , Zhang Ying , Zhou Huang , Wang Lingxiao , Zheng Xusheng , Gu Lin , Yang Li‐Ming , Wu Yuen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDesigning and modulating the local structure of metal sites is the key to gain the unique selectivity and high activity of single metal site catalysts. Herein, we report strain engineering of curved single atomic iron‐nitrogen sites to boost electrocatalytic activity. First, a helical carbon structure with abundant high‐curvature surface is realized by carbonization of helical polypyrrole that is templated from self‐assembled chiral surfactants. The high‐curvature surface introduces compressive strain on the supported Fe−N4 sites. Consequently, the curved Fe−N4 sites with 1.5 % compressed Fe−N bonds exhibit downshifted d‐band center than the planar sites. Such a change can weaken the bonding strength between the oxygenated intermediates and metal sites, resulting a much smaller energy barrier for oxygen reduction. Catalytic tests further demonstrate that a kinetic current density of 7.922 mA cm−2 at 0.9 V vs. RHE is obtained in alkaline media for curved Fe−N4 sites, which is 31 times higher than that for planar ones. Our findings shed light on modulating the local three‐dimensional structure of single metal sites and boosting the catalytic activity via strain engineering.
Zinc‐[7]helicenocyanin und sein diskretes π‐gestapeltes homochirales Dimer
Authors: Zhang Fangyuan , Radacki Krzysztof , Braunschweig Holger , Lambert Christoph , Ravat Prince 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn dieser Publikation stellen wir einen neuartigen Ansatz zur Herstellung eines diskreten Dimers aus chiralem Phthalocyanin (Pc) vor, wobei wir die flexible Molekülgeometrie von Helicenen nutzen, die eine strukturelle Vernetzung und eine starke Aggregationstendenz von Pcs ermöglicht. Die synthetisierte [7]Helicen‐Pc‐Hybrid‐Molekularstruktur, Zink‐[7]Helicenocyanin (Zn‐7HPc), bildet ausschließlich ein stabiles Dimer aus zwei homochiralen Molekülen. Die Dimerisierungskonstanten wurden auf 8.96×106 M−1 bzw. 3.42×107 M−1 in THF bzw. DMSO geschätzt, was auf eine bemerkenswerte Stabilität des Dimers hindeutet. Darüber hinaus zeigt Zn‐7HPc ein chirales Selbstorganisationsverhalten, so dass sich auch in der racemischen Probe bevorzugt ein homochirales Dimer bildet. Die zwei Phthalocyanin‐Untereinheiten in der dimeren Form interagieren stark miteinander, was sich in einer großen Komproportionierungskonstante und der Beobachtung einer IV‐CT‐Bande für den thermodynamisch stabilen gemischt‐valenten Zustand zeigt.
Side‐Chain Type Polysulfates: Their Synthesis, AIE Properties and Applications for p‐Nitrophenol Detection in Water
Authors: Wu Jiacheng , Wan Haibo , Zhou Shiyuan , Gu Peiyang , Zhu Yutao , Xu Qingfeng , Lu Jianmei 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTwo small molecular monomers, ph‐TPE and ph‐TPE‐CN, and their homopolymers Poly (ph‐TPE) and Poly (ph‐TPE‐CN) containing tetra phenylethylene and sulfate structures, were synthesized by a sulfur (VI) fluorine exchange click reaction (SuFEx) and radical polymerization. All the monomers and polymers exhibit a typical aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect both in the solid state and aggregated state. Moreover, based on the intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) effect between the tetra phenylethylene chromophore and p‐nitrophenol, both polymers could be used for the selective detection of p‐nitrophenol. The detection limit and reactivity coefficient of Poly (ph‐TPE) are 0.081 μM and 5.15×104 M−1, respectively, whereas the detection limit and reactivity coefficient of Poly (ph‐TPE‐CN) are 0.077 μM and 1.81×104 M−1, respectively. This can be attributed to the greater sensitivity of Poly (ph‐TPE‐CN) to p‐nitrophenol than that of Poly (ph‐TPE). This work provides a new methodology for the preparation and broadening application of side‐chain type AIE‐active polysulfate fluorescent probes.
Biological tailoring of novel sophorolipid molecules and their derivatives
Authors: Li Shun , Qian Xiujuan , Xu Lijie , Xu Ning , Liu Shixun , Xu Anming , Xin Fengxue , Zhou Jie , Dong Weiliang , Jiang Min 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA sophorolipid (SL) is a kind of glycolipid surfactant that has been much studied due to its excellent surface activity and physiological properties. However, the mixed structure of SLs and expensive separation costs have limited their application in advanced industries. Developing a tailored strategy to produce targeted SLs, with specific physicochemical properties, for direct application in various industries like agriculture, cleaning, and medicine, has become one of the main objectives of SL biological production. In this review, different characteristics of various SLs with various structures are classified in detail. The classification corresponds to their specific applications in different industries. Microorganisms for the production of specific SLs are also summarized, with emphasis on the metabolism pathways and regulation mechanisms. Strategies applied for SL biological tailoring, including selection of fermenting substrates, fermentation process optimization, metabolic engineering and downstream separation, are comprehensively reviewed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Consumers' choice behavior: An interactive effect of expected eudaimonic well‐being and green altruism
Authors: Mansoor Mahnaz , Paul Justin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGrounded in the behavioral reasoning theory, this study aims to determine the impact that green brand awareness (GBA) and perceived green brand credibility (PGBC) have on consumers' choice behavior for green electronics in the context of an emerging country. Furthermore, by focusing on a novel perspective of expected eudaimonic well‐being, the mediatory role of expected self‐acceptance (ESA) and expected social contribution (ESC) and the moderating role of green altruism were empirically tested. Data were collected surveying 556 consumers from twin cities of Pakistan applying longitudinal research design. The findings indicate the direct and indirect impacts of GBA and PGBC on consumers' choice behavior via ESA and ESC as mediators. Also, the interactive effect of green altruism with ESA and ESC has been found to augment consumers' choice behavior. Moreover, this study encourages organizations to focus on the consumers' perceptions of self‐responsiveness and social responsibility to attract them to choose green brands.
Computer‐Guided Trypanocidal Activity of Natural Lactones Produced by Endophytic Fungus of Euphorbia umbellata
Authors: Gusmão Amanda Santos , Abreu Lucas Silva , Tavares Josean Fechine , de Freitas Humberto Fonseca , Silva da Rocha Pita Samuel , dos Santos Elda Gonçalves , Caldas Ivo Santana , Vieira André Alexandre , Silva Eliane Oliveira 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHundreds of millions of people worldwide are affected by Chagas’ disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. Since the current treatment lack efficacy, specificity, and suffers from several side‐effects, novel therapeutics are mandatory. Natural products from endophytic fungi have been useful sources of lead compounds. In this study, three lactones isolated from an endophytic strain culture were in silico evaluated for rational guidance of their bioassay screening. All lactones displayed in vitro activity against T. cruzi epimastigote and trypomastigote forms. Notably, the IC50 values of (+)‐phomolactone were lower than benznidazole (0.86 vs. 30.78 μM against epimastigotes and 0.41 vs. 4.88 μM against trypomastigotes). Target‐based studies suggested that lactones displayed their trypanocidal activities due to T. cruzi glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (TcGAPDH) inhibition, and the binding free energy for all three TcGAPDH‐lactone complexes suggested that (+)‐phomolactone has a lower score value (−3.38), corroborating with IC50 assays. These results highlight the potential of these lactones for further anti‐T. cruzi drug development.
Revisiting Alkane Hydroxylation with m‐CPBA (m‐Chloroperbenzoic Acid) Catalyzed by Nickel(II) Complexes
Authors: Shinke Tomoya , Itoh Mayu , Wada Takuma , Morimoto Yuma , Yanagisawa Sachiko , Sugimoto Hideki , Kubo Minoru , Itoh Shinobu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMechanistic studies are performed on the alkane hydroxylation with m‐CPBA (m‐chloroperbenzoic acid) catalyzed by nickel(II) complexes, NiII(L). In the oxidation of cycloalkanes, NiII(TPA) acts as an efficient catalyst with a high yield and a high alcohol selectivity. In the oxidation of adamantane, the tertiary carbon is predominantly oxidized. The reaction rate shows first‐order dependence on [substrate] and [NiII(L)] but is independent on [m‐CPBA]; vobs=k2[substrate][NiII(L)]. The reaction exhibited a relatively large kinetic deuterium isotope effect (KIE) of 6.7, demonstrating that the hydrogen atom abstraction is involved in the rate‐limiting step of the catalytic cycle. Furthermore, NiII(L) supported by related tetradentate ligands exhibit apparently different catalytic activity, suggesting contribution of the NiII(L) in the catalytic cycle. Based on the kinetic analysis and the significant effects of O2 and CCl4 on the product distribution pattern, possible contributions of (L)NiII−O. and the aroyloxyl radical as the reactive oxidants are discussed.
Low‐Valent Germanylidene Anions: Efficient Single‐Site Nucleophiles for Activation of Small Molecules
Authors: Gendy Chris , Mikko Rautiainen J. , Mailman Aaron , Tuononen Heikki M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRare mononuclear and helical chain low‐valent germanylidene anions supported by cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene and hypermetallyl ligands were synthesised by stepwise reduction from corresponding germylene precursors via stable and isolable germanium radicals. The electronic structures of the anions can be described with ylidene and ylidone resonance forms with the Ge−C π‐electrons capable of binding even weak electrophiles. The germanylidene anions reacted with CO2 to give μ‐CO2‐κC:κO complexes, a rare coordination mode for low‐valent germanium and inaccessible for the related neutral germylones. These results implicate low‐valent germanylidene anions as efficient single‐site nucleophiles for activation of small molecules.
Intratumoral injection of caerin 1.1 and 1.9 peptides increases the efficacy of vaccinated TC‐1 tumor‐bearing mice with PD‐1 blockade by modulating macrophage heterogeneity and the activation of CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Ni Guoying , Yang Xiaodan , Li Junjie , Wu Xiaolian , Liu Ying , Li Hejie , Chen Shu , Fogarty Conor E , Frazer Ian H , Chen Guoqiang , Liu Xiaosong , Wang Tianfang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesDeveloping a vaccine formula that alters the tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes to be more immune active against a tumor is key to the improvement of clinical responses to immunotherapy. Here, we demonstrate that, in conjunction with E7 antigen‐specific immunotherapy, and IL‐10 and PD‐1 blockade, intratumoral administration of caerin 1.1/1.9 peptides improves TC‐1 tumor microenvironment (TME) to be more immune active than injection of a control peptide.MethodsWe compared the survival time of vaccinated TC‐1 tumor‐bearing mice with PD‐1 and IL‐10 blockade, in combination with a further injection of caerin 1.1/1.9 or control peptides. The tumor‐infiltrating haematopoietic cells were examined by flow cytometry. Single‐cell transcriptomics and proteomics were used to quantify changes in cellular activity across different cell types within the TME.ResultsThe injection of caerin 1.1/1.9 increased the efficacy of vaccinated TC‐1 tumor‐bearing mice with anti‐PD‐1 treatment and largely expanded the populations of macrophages and NK cells with higher immune activation level, while reducing immunosuppressive macrophages. More activated CD8+ T cells were induced with higher populations of memory and effector‐memory CD8+ T subsets. Computational integration of the proteome with the single‐cell transcriptome supported activation of Stat1‐modulated apoptosis and significant reduction in immune‐suppressive B‐cell function following caerin 1.1 and 1.9 treatment.ConclusionsCaerin 1.1/1.9‐containing treatment results in improved antitumor responses. Harnessing the novel candidate genes preferentially enriched in the immune active cell populations may allow further exploration of distinct macrophages, T cells and their functions in TC‐1 tumors.
Hybrid scheme of precoder with μ‐law compander for PAPR reduction and nonlinearity improvement in ADO‐OFDM system
Authors: Sharan Nishant , Ghorai Swapan Kumar 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThe application of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in a visible light communication (VLC) system increases the peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) of the system. Owing to high PAPR, the intrinsic nonlinearity of LED is an important issue in an asymmetrically clipped DC‐biased optical OFDM (ADO‐OFDM) system. In this paper, a hybrid scheme is proposed to reduce the PAPR as well as to mitigate the nonlinearity in an ADO‐OFDM system. The proposed method is a combination of two ADO‐OFDM formats: precoded ADO‐OFDM and μ‐ADO‐OFDM. The preprocessing of the input using a predetermined matrix (PM) in the precoder relieves the need for a handshake at the receiver. The compression of the peak values and enhancement of low amplitudes of the precoded signal in the time domain yield a low PAPR of 2.4 dB only. Besides PAPR reduction, the union of precoder and compander boosts the bit error rate (BER) performance of the traditional ADO‐OFDM system for μ≤128. The combination of precoder with compander decreases the power requirements for high bit rate transmission for a reference BER of 10−3. In this work, nonlinearity is quantified in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM) in percent. The hybrid scheme shows an EVM of 17.23% for 0 dB input backoff power (IBO) much less than 66.4% EVM for a simple ADO‐OFDM system. In addition to low PAPR and mitigation of nonlinearity, the proposed method shows the improvement in power spectral density (PSD) of the system.