bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanism Operation for Changing the Rear Axle Clearance of a Universal Row-crop Tractor
Authors: Akhmetov A. A. , Akhmedov Sh. A. , Astanov B. Zh. , Kambarova D. U. , Botirov R. M. 
Published: March 2021

The authors noted the disadvantages of the 3-wheel universal row-crop tractor. To eliminate them, LLC Design and Technological Center for Agricultural Engineering developed a 4-wheel universal row-crop tractor with variable ground clearance.(Research purpose) To determine the pressure change in the hydraulic system and the transfer time of the rear axle from one type of clearance to another.(Materials and methods) The authors showed that the rear axle clearance could be changed using a special mechanism - with minimal labor costs, without the use of lifting equipment and assembly and dismantling works. They explained that the mechanism was driven by a working hydraulic cylinder. The experiments were carried out on a prototype tractor with adjustable ground clearance, equipped with a separate-aggregate hinged system at an engine speed of 1200-2000 rpm (revolutions per minute). M10G2K oil was used in the hydraulic system, heating it to 65 degrees Celsius (at an ambient temperature of 33-35 degrees Celsius).(Results and discussion) The hydraulic system consisted of an NSh-32 hydraulic pump, a P80 hydraulic valve, two Ts50-200 working hydraulic cylinders, a double-acting hydraulic lock, a hydraulic tank, filters, hoses and high pressure pipes. At the inlet and outlet channels of the working hydraulic cylinders, which activated the mechanism for changing the rear axle clearance, hydraulic locks were installed, and diaphragm pressure sensors model SS302 from Sendor Sensor with a measurement range from 0 to 40 megapascals were placed along the hydraulic line connecting the hydraulic locks with the hydraulic valve.(Conclusions) The authors determined that the time for transferring the rear axle from low clearance to high was 2.2-4.4 seconds, and the pressure in the hydraulic system was 3.8-16.4 megapascals at an engine speed of 1300-2000 rpm. It was found that when transferring from high to low ground clearance, these indicators amounted to 1.0-1.4 seconds and 0.99-9.90 megapascals.
Oxide Emissions Reduction from Combustion Control in a Diesel Engine
Authors: Chumakov V. L. , Devyanin S. N. 
Published: March 2021

The authors showed that the European Union norms for the toxicity of exhaust gases (Euro 1 – Euro 5) contributed to the reduction of main harmful components emissions by several times. In foreign countries, Stage and Tier regulations applied to tractor equipment, which also limited the content of toxic components at the legislative level.(Research purpose) To reduce the content of nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases by more efficient regulation of the fuel charge distribution in the gas-diesel engine cylinder, changes in the concentration of diesel and gas fuel in certain zones, as well as the use of exhaust gas recirculation.(Materials and methods) The authors analyzed the results of modeling the formation of nitrogen oxides by controlling the workflow in the gas-diesel modification of the diesel engine. In the calculations, the geometric parameters of the D-120 engine, operating at 2000 revolutions per minute, with a filling of 0.6-0.9 volume, were used. The average excess air ratio for the charge was 1.2-3.0, and the excess air ratios for the gas-air mixtures did not exceed 1.2-2.5.(Results and discussion) Using the computational model, the authors estimated the parameters at different pressures at the engine inlet within 0.05-0.09 megapascals, as well as with an increase in the residual gas coefficient in the range of 5-15 percent with a decrease in the concentration of nitrogen oxides from 2500 to 1100 parts per million. Experiments showed that when the power changed from 100 to 20 percent, the nitrogen oxides concentration decreased from 1940 to 800 parts per million.(Conclusions) The authors confirmed the adequacy of the calculation model. They determined that a 40-50 percent reduction in the nitrogen oxide concentration in exhaust gases was achieved with various layering schemes in the combustion chamber. They found that the standards for carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides would require mixed engine regulation. It was proved that recirculation of 15 percent of exhaust gases could reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by another 50 percent.
Advanced Technology for Improving Degraded Slopes in Mountainous and Foothill Zones
Authors: Dzhibilov S. M. , Gulueva L. R. 
Published: March 2021

The authors presented the technology and mechanization means for the restoration of degraded mountain areas with slope steepness up to 15 degrees.(Research purpose) To determine the optimal distance between the springy racks of the chisel cultivator KCHG-2.4; to characterize the developed block-module of the multifunctional unit KCHG-2.4, which performed three operations after the slitting process: sowing grasses, applying mineral fertilizers and rolling the sown seeds and granular fertilizers into the soil; to determine the effectiveness of the developed agricultural practices that increased productivity and the environment-forming role of mountain phytocenoses.(Materials and methods). The tests were carried out in the mountainous zone of North Ossetia - Alania at an altitude of 1540 meters above sea level with slope steepness up to 15 degrees. The experimental area was divided into three replicates. Each replicate was 2.4 meters wide, 10 meters long, dividing stripes 1 meter, side stripes 2.4 meters. The total test area, located across the slope, was 184.2 square meters.(Results and discussion) The springy Väderstad strut of the KCG-2.4 unit was used to slit the mountain slopes. For overseeding, a three-component grass mixture of Phleum pratense L., Dactylis glomerata L. and Trifolium pratense L. was proposed at a seeding rate of 15 kilograms per hectare. When applying mineral fertilizers, the following composition was used (in the active ingredient): ammonium nitrate – 35 percent; superphosphate – 20; potash salt – 40 percent, in total 445 kilograms per hectare. An increase in dry aboveground mass of 3.02-4.19 tons per hectare and the accumulation of underground plant mass in the range of 1.84-12.62 tons per hectare were got, depending on the variant of the experiment.(Conclusions) The authors found out that, a higher yield was obtained with a distance between the slits of 1.5 meters for 3 years of observations. It was found that the use of the unit increased the collection of feed units from 0.81-1.68 to 4.06-4.98 thousand per hectare. Taking into account all costs, the cost of one feed unit was 8.76 rubles.
La multimodalidad en el desarrollo comunicativo temprano
Authors: Laguens Ana , Querejeta Maira , Resches Mariela 
Published: March 2021

Presentamos una revisión narrativa del abordaje multimodal en el estudio del desarrollo comunicativo temprano. Se examinan los antecedentes tradicionales en este campo y se destaca la necesidad de reexaminar la dinámica de las interacciones “preintencionales”, ya que en ellas puede observarse cómo se articulan tempranamente diferentes recursos semióticos que componen el entramado multimodal de la comunicación prelingüística. Se proponen tres giros conceptuales para dar cuenta de dicho entramado: la reconsideración del carácter triádico de las primeras interacciones; la función comunicativa y el carácter cultural de los objetos y la resignificación de los gestos ostensivos en tanto signos de pleno derecho. Se analizan los elementos considerados en tanto predictores de la emergencia del lenguaje. Se concluye la necesidad de adoptar una mirada más amplia, que revalorice aspectos habitualmente relegados en el estudio del desarrollo comunicativo temprano y permita formular nuevos interrogantes acerca de sus vínculos con el desarrollo lingüístico inicial.
Analisis dan Evaluasi Pengalaman Pengguna PaTik Bali dengan Metode User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ)
Authors: Wijaya I Nyoman Saputra Wahyu , Santika Putu Praba , Iswara Ida Bagus Ary Indra , Arsana I Nyoman Alit 
Published: March 2021

PaTik Bali merupakan aplikasi keyboard virtual berbasis mobile. Keyboard PaTik berfungsi menulis aksara Bali. PaTik memiliki fitur autocorrection sesuai dengan pasang pageh aksara bali. Pada google playstore, jumlah perangkat terinstall lebih dari 89.000 perangkat mobile. Dalam penelitian ini ingin diketahui tingkat kenyamanan pengguna dari segi User Experience. Maka dalam penelitian ini dilakukan evaluasi pengalaman pengguna PaTik Bali. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan metode User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). Kelengkapan aspek, yaitu attractiveness, pragmatic quality dan hedonic quality menjadi keunggulan User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). Selain itu, sudah disedikan Data Analysist Tool dalam format excel untuk memudahkan pengukuran User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). Evaluasi dilakukan pada suatu populasi yang berjumlah 34 data. Evaluasi User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) memiliki penilaian yang baik. Daya tarik memiliki nilai rata-rata 1.8, kejelasan memiliki nilai 1.7, Efisiensi memiliki nilai 1.6, Ketepatan memiliki nilai 1.7, Stimulasi memiliki nilai 2, dan Kebaruan memiliki nilai 1.3. Hasil analisa untuk kualitas pragmatic dan hedonis pun memiliki penilaian yang baik masing-masing memiliki nilai rata-rata 1.72 dan 1.73. Dan analisa benchmark juga memberikan nilai 1.73 yang dikatakan baik. Analisa dengan menggunakan UEQ menunjukkan user experience dari pengguna PaTik Bali dapat dikatakan baik dengan nilai rata-rata diatas 1. AbstractPaTik Bali is a mobile-based virtual keyboard application. PaTik keyboard functions to write Balinese script. PaTik has an autocorrection feature in accordance with the Balinese script. On the Google Play Store, the number of devices installed is more than 89,000 mobile. In this study, we want to know the level of user comfort in terms of User Experience. So in this study an evaluation of the experience of PaTik Bali users was conducted. The evaluation was carried out using the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) method. Completeness of aspects, namely attractiveness, pragmatic quality and hedonic quality are the advantages of User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). In addition, Data Analysis Tool has been provided in Excel format to facilitate the measurement of User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ). The evaluation was carried out on a population of 34 data. The User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) evaluation has a good rating. Attraction has an average value of 1.8, clarity has a value of 1.7, Efficiency has a value of 1.6, Accuracy has a value of 1.7, Stimulation has a value of 2, and Novelty has a value of 1.3. The analysis results for pragmatic and hedonic quality also have good ratings, each having an average value of 1.72 and 1.73. And benchmark analysis also gives a value of 1.73 which is said to be good. Analysis using UEQ shows that the user experience of PaTik Bali users can be said to be good with an average value above 1.
Revisiting the effect of spatial resolution on information content based on classification results
Authors: Palacio MG , Ferrero SB , Frery Alejandro 
Published: March 2021

© 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PolSAR) images are an important source of information. Speckle noise gives SAR images a granular appearance that makes interpretation and analysis hard tasks. A major issue is the assessment of information content in these kinds of images, and how it is affected by usual processing techniques. Previous works have resulted in various approaches for quantifying image information content. In this paper, we study this problem from the classification accuracy viewpoint, focusing on the filtering and the classification stages. Thus, through classified images, we verify how changing the properties of the input data affects their quality. The input is an actual PolSAR image, the control parameters are (i) the filter (Local Mean, LM, or Model-Based PolSAR, MBPolSAR) and the size of their support, and (ii) the classification method (Maximum Likelihood, ML, or Support Vector Machine, SVM), and the output is the precision of the classification algorithm applied to the filtered data. To expand the conclusions, this study deals not only with Classification Accuracy but also with Kappa and Overall Accuracy as measures of map precision. Experiments were conducted on two airborne PolSAR images. Differently from what was observed in previous works, almost all quality measures are good and increase with degradation, i.e. the filtering algorithms that we used always improve the classification results at least up to supports of size 7 × 7.
Child Labour in Pakistan: Way Out Analyzing Constitutional Mandate
Authors: Barkat Ali  , Shaukat Hussain Bhatti  , Fazli Dayan  
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Child Labor is the worldwide social issue. The study undertaken attempts to identify the reasons behind child labour and to assess the socio-economic related problems faced by the working children. This study further analysis the effectiveness, sufficiency and potential of the constitutional provisions concerning children’s rights as committed in the Constitution, 1973.
Findings: In Pakistan, child labour is not only prohibited, it is discouraged by providing a free compulsory education, self-respect and social welfare. Though, these provisions are healthy sign, but are not comprehensive on child labour particularly for determining the minimum age and nature of work. Even these provisions are not clear, and harmonious with one another.
Implications: Furthermore, the ordinary laws are not in compatibility mode of the constitutional provisions. Such complications are both about child and child labour definition. So, it is suggested to have a single common standard of these two basic factors in child labour context for saving the children from indulging in child labour in Pakistan.
USE OF GRAPHS IN THE DIGITAL MODEL OF A BUILDING
Authors: Kitayceva Elena , Petukhov Igor 
Published: March 2021

Currently, the digitalization of construction projects is becoming a reality. The energy model of a build-ing (BEM) is being introduced into the design practice, which does not allow directly solving the prob-lems of designing engineering systems of a building. There is a gap in approaches to building a digital building information model. On the one hand, there is the maximum use of information from the digital model during design calculations. On the other hand, there is a simplification of mathematical models for solving problems related to the design of engineering systems. Many important tasks of design and op-eration of engineering systems are not solved in conjunction with the premises of the building. It is pro-posed to use the representation of the building as a graph, which will allow you to solve the problems of design and operation of engineering systems correctly. Most of the necessary information is already pre-sent in the building information model and can be extracted from it automatically. As an example of con-verting information from a digital model, the problem of determining the heat loss of premises was cho-sen. This task is a mandatory part of any project. Existing software products do not allow you to automat-ically determine the dimensions of the enclosing structures of the room that are necessary for solving the problem, and do not take into account the relative location of the premises. These reasons determine the need to develop the application.
Materials and methods: To solve the problems of design and operation of engineering systems of a building, it is proposed to use a topological model of a building, which is a connected graph, the compo-nents of which are a base subgraph describing the connections between the premises of the building and subgraphs of engineering systems. The data structure and algorithm for forming a basic building sub-graph based on a digital building model are presented
Results: The software application that implements the proposed algorithm was tested on the calculation of heat loss in the premises of a building. A 3D model of a 10-storey residential building was used as the object of the experiment. As a result of the experiment, a reduction in the time required for the prepara-tion of the initial information and for the calculation was revealed from 8 hours to 20 minutes..
Conclusions: Taking into account the relative location of building premises and life support systems in the topological model of the building allows solving problems of environmental and fire safety, optimiz-ing design solutions for supply, exhaust, smoke ventilation systems and other tasks. The developed soft-ware module designed for calculating the heat loss of premises is the first step in the development of software products that use a digital model of a building as the initial information for building a topologi-cal model.
Prevalencia de la práctica de actividad física y estado nutricional en adolescentes de la subregión los Santanderes Colombia: resultados de la Ensin 2015.
Authors: Poveda Acelas Carlos Augusto , Poveda Acelas Dana Carolina 
Published: March 2021

RESUMEN Introducción: La inactividad física en adolescentes es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial, pues contribuye al desarrollo de sobrepeso, obesidad y enfermedades crónicas. Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia de la práctica de actividad física y el estado nutricional en adolescentes (13 a 17 años) de la subregión los Santanderes Colombia que participaron en la última Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional de Colombia (Ensin 2015). Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, de fuente secundaria, proveniente de 847 registros de la Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional. El análisis descriptivo consistió en el cálculo de frecuencias absolutas y relativas debido a que las variables del estudio se consideraron de naturaleza cualitativa. Resultados: El 14,8 % de los adolescentes cumplían los 60 minutos diarios de actividad física recomendados por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). En cuanto a la actividad física según el estado nutricional se encontró que los adolescentes menos activos físicamente fueron aquellos con sobrepeso (13,0 %) y obesidad (2,9%). Conclusiones: Se requiere el fomentar la actividad física diaria en los adolescentes, dadas las consecuencias físicas, psicológicas y sociales de no realizarla. Palabras clave: Adolescentes, actividad física, estado nutricional.
Estado nutricional, consumo de alimentos ultra procesados y trastorno por déficit de la atención, hiperactividad e impulsividad en alumnos de secundaria de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Moreno Altamirano Laura , Flores Ocampo Angélica Estefanía , Ceballos Rasgado Marena , Garcia García Juan José 
Published: March 2021

ResumenIntroducción. A la par del aumento prevalencia de obesidad y sobrepeso se han incrementado las ventas de productos ultra procesados (UP). Varios de los aditivos que contienen estos productos se han relacionado con la exacerbación de los síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH). Objetivo. Identificar el estado nutricional, consumo de alimentos y presencia de TDAH y explorar la relación entre alimentación y TDAH, en alumnos de secundaria de la Ciudad de México. Método. Estudio transversal. Un grupo de estudiantes de Medicina fueron capacitados para obtener el Índice de Masa Corporal, consumo de alimentos y TDAH. Se calcularon frecuencias simples de IMC, consumo de alimentos y TDAH. Se utilizaron el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para explorar la relación entre alimentación y TDAH. Resultados. Se encontró que el 38.1% de los alumnos de secundaria tenía sobrepeso y obesidad. Entre el 18.9% y el 40.5% de ellos consumía más de 3 productos UP por semana y entre el 16% y 29% más de tres al día. Alrededor del 50% de los alumnos no cumplían con las recomendaciones de consumo de frutas, verduras y agua. La prevalencia de casos sospechosos de TDAH fue de 2.5%. El consumo de golosinas se correlacionó con TDAH y sus componentes, el consumo de frituras se asoció estadísticamente sólo con hiperactividad. El consumo de frutas se correlacionó inversamente con hiperactividad. Conclusiones. Es necesario redoblar esfuerzos para prevenir el aumento de la obesidad en adolescentes, disminuir el consumo de UP y realizar más estudios para identificar su relación con TDAH.
İlkokul Yöneticilerinin Kültürel Liderlik Davranışları İle Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel İmajı Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: UYGUR Mevlüt 
Published: March 2021

Öğretmenlerin
algılarına göre ilkokul yöneticilerinin kültürel liderlik davranışlarıyla öğretmenlerin
örgütsel imajı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılan araştırmada ilişkisel
tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmanın
evreni 2018-2019 öğretim yılında Konya ilinde devlet okullarındaki çalışan öğretmenleri
kapsamaktadır. Okulların ve öğretmenlerin sayısını tespit etmek için Konya İl
Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğünün verilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi basit tesadüfi
örnekleme yöntemiyle 18 ilkokuldan seçilen 380 öğretmendir. Araştırma verilerinin
toplanmasında, “Kültürel Liderlik Ölçeği” ile “Örgütsel İmaj Ölçeği”
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin analizinde SPSS paket
programından yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmada verilerin çözümlenmesinde aritmetik
ortalama, standart sapma, Mann Whitney U-testi, Kruskal Wallis H- testi ve Spearman
rho korelasyon analizlerinden faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen
sonuçlara göre, öğretmenlerin ilkokul yöneticilerinin kültürel liderlik
davranışlarına ilişkin algılarının genel ortalamasının “Katılıyorum” düzeyinde
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öğretmenlerin örgütsel imaj algılarının genel ortalaması
ise “Oldukça Katılıyorum” düzeyinde olduğu bulunmuştur. Ayrıca öğretmenlerin
algılarına göre, ilkokul yöneticilerinin kültürel liderlik davranışlarıyla öğretmenlerin
örgütsel imajı arasında orta düzeyde pozitif ve anlamlı ilişkinin olduğu ortaya
çıkmıştır.﻿
Ethnicity Classification Based On Facial Features Using Viola-Jones Algorithm
Authors: Pratama Irham Surya , Kurniadi Felix Indra 
Published: March 2021

Biometric recognition system can use race classification to identify the human globally with a particular identity. This paper proposes Support Vector Machine and will compare the result with K-Nearest Neighbor for classification of people into two major races namely Indonesian western and eastern races. Firstly, the proposed classification method extracts the distinct primary facial feature and skin color model of the given face with Viola-Jones Algorithm to effectively classify the races. To increase the accuracy, the sample must not contain any background of other people skin, no movement and the pictures were taken from the mobile camera with no beauty filter.