bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Effect of Preoperative Anxiety on the Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Umbilical Cord Blood After Vaginal and Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Miniksar Ökkeş Hakan , Kırmızı Demet Aydogan , Çaltekin Melike Demir , Kılıç Mahmut , Miniksar Dilsad Yildiz , Gocmen Ayşe Yeşim 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjective This study examined the independent effect of delivery type and preoperative anxiety on placenta oxidative stress response.Materials and methods A total of 126 patients who gave birth were divided into two groups according to delivery type: vaginal delivery group (VD) (n=56) and elective cesarean section delivery group (CS) (n=70). The preoperative anxiety levels of pregnant women who came to the delivery room were evaluated with the State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) scale. Malonyldialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidative status (TAS), total oxidative state (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels in umbilical cord blood were compared according to preoperative anxiety level and type of delivery.Results The CS group had significantly higher MDA (0.88±0.15 versus 0.79±0.09, p=0.001) and TOS (8.37±1.81 versus 7.53±0.77, p=0.019) values compared to the VD group. TAS levels did not differ significantly between the groups. SOD levels were higher in VD group compared to CS group (p=0.049). When the factors affecting oxidative stress biomarkers are analyzed by regression analysis, factors affecting MDA were found to be SAI score (Beta=0.358), CS (Beta=0.212), the factor affecting SOD was found to be VD (Beta=0.318), the factors affecting TOS were found to be SAI score (Beta=0.317) and CS (Beta=0.183).Conclusıon Oxidative stress biomarker levels in umbilical cord blood and preoperative anxiety levels were higher in patients who underwent elective caesarean section than those who delivered vaginally. Preoperative anxiety was the factor that increased oxidative stress biomarkers of umbilical cord blood the most.
Schwangere mit präexistentem Diabetes oder Gestationsdiabetes im Kreißsaal
Authors: Winkler Jennifer Lucia , Goeckenjan Maren , Wimberger Pauline 
Published: May 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Betreuung von Schwangeren mit Zuckerstoffwechselstörungen und schwangeren Diabetikerinnen gehört zum Alltag in der gynäkologischen Praxis, Allgemeinmedizin, Diabetologie und in den Geburtskliniken. Die auf Prävention ausgerichtete Diagnostik in der Schwangerschaft und die interdisziplinäre Versorgung und Therapie bei erkanntem Diabetes mellitus oder Gestationsdiabetes senkt mögliche Risiken für die Geburt durch einen schlecht eingestellten Zuckerstoffwechsel. Zusätzlich kann die optimale peripartale Betreuung schwangerer Frauen mit Diabetes im Kreißsaal das geburtshilfliche Outcome und langfristig das metabolische Lebenszeitrisiko von Mutter und Kind verbessern.
How I Treat Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer?
Authors: Dabkara Deepak , Mondal Debapriya , Ghosh Joydeep , Biswas Bivas , Ganguly Sandip 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAndrogen deprivation therapy (ADT) combined with docetaxel or antiandrogens (abiraterone, enzalutamide, or apalutamide) improved the outcomes in men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). When multiple options are available, the dilemma remains how to choose among these options. Similarly, issues of bone health, long-term side effects of therapies, and hereditary risk need to be discussed for comprehensive care. In the present article, we reviewed the relevant evidence for the treatment of mHSPC. ADT alone is not the current standard of care for most patients. In these times of plenty and price crisis, it is imperative to find the best option for treating these patients.
Elevated Glucose Challenge Test in a Nondiabetic Index Pregnancy and Gestational Diabetes in a Subsequent Pregnancy
Authors: de Los Reyes Samantha , Dude Annie , Adams Marci , Plunkett Beth , Hirsch Emmet 
Published: May 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a 1-hour glucose challenge test (GCT) ≥140 mg/dL in a nondiabetic index pregnancy is associated with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a subsequent pregnancy.
Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study from a single institution from June 2009 to December 2018. Women with a nondiabetic index singleton gestation who underwent a 1-hour GCT at 24 to 28 weeks and had a successive singleton delivery were included. GDM was defined by a 1-hour GCT of ≥ 200 mg/dL, ≥2 of 4 elevated values on a 3-hour GCT, or a diagnosis of GDM defined by International Classification of Disease codes in the electronic medical record. Univariable analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between an elevated 1-hour GCT result in the index pregnancy, maternal characteristics, and the development of GDM in the subsequent pregnancy. Variables found to be significant (p < 0.05) were included in multivariable analysis.
Results A total of 2,423 women were included. Of these, 340 (14.0%) had an elevated 1-hour GCT in the index pregnancy. Women with an elevated 1-hour GCT in the index pregnancy compared with those without were significantly more likely to be older, married, privately insured, of Hispanic ethnicity or Asian race, chronically hypertensive, have a higher body mass index (BMI), have a shorter inter-pregnancy interval, and to develop GDM in the subsequent pregnancy (14.4 vs. 3.3%, p < 0.001). In multivariable analysis, an elevated 1-hour GCT (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 4.54, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.02–6.81), first-trimester BMI ≥30 kg/m2 in the index pregnancy (aOR: 3.10, 95% CI: 2.03–4.71), Asian race (aOR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.70–5.12), Hispanic ethnicity (aOR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.12–4.00), and increasing age (aOR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02–1.12) were significantly associated with an increased risk of GDM in the subsequent pregnancy.
Conclusion An elevated 1-hour GCT in a nondiabetic index pregnancy is associated with a fourfold increased risk of GDM in a subsequent pregnancy.
Key Points
Evaluation of the Neuroprotective Effect of Pycnogenol in a Hypoxic–Ischemic Brain Injury Model in Newborn Rats
Authors: Çolak Ruya , Celik Aslı , Diniz Gulden , Alkan Özdemir Senem , Yilmaz Osman , Calkavur Sebnem 
Published: May 2021

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Pycnogenol (PYC) and its antioxidant and antiapoptotic effect in an experimental hypoxic–ischemic (HI) rat model.
Study Design A total of 24 Wistar albino rats who were on the seventh postnatal day were divided into three groups with developed HI brain injury model under the sevoflurane anesthesia: 40 mg/kg PYC was given to Group A, saline was given to Group B, and the sham group was Group C. Neuronal apoptosis was investigated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling and immunohistochemically stained manually with primer antibodies of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β.
Results The neuronal cell injury was statistically lower in the PYC treatment group.
Conclusion This is the first study that investigates the role of PYC in the HI brain injury model. PYC reduces apoptosis and neuronal injury in the cerebral tissue of the rats. PYC may be a protective agent against hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy.
Key Points
Safety of Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Comparison to the Pre-Pandemic Era
Authors: Amarouche Meriem , Rashid Samin , Eraifej John , Borg Anouk , Halliday Jane , Warner Orlando J. , Cudlip Simon A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant disruption to the surgical care of patients with pituitary tumors. Guidance issued early during the pandemic suggested avoiding transnasal approaches to minimize risks of transmitting COVID-19 to health care professionals involved in these procedures.
Methods This observational, single-center study compares results of endoscopic transsphenoidal approach (TSA) for pituitary tumors since the start of the pandemic to a pre-pandemic period. Anesthetic time, surgical time, and complication rates were compared. Newly acquired COVID-19 infections and transmission rates to patients and staff were reviewed. Data were analyzed by using the independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Pearson Chi-square test, significance set at p <0.05.
Results Over a 12-month period, a total of 50 and 69 patients underwent endoscopic TSA for pituitary tumor during and before the pandemic, respectively. All patients tested negative for COVID-19 preoperatively. Median duration of anesthesia was 35 minutes (interquartile range [IQR]: 22) during the pandemic and 25 minutes (IQR: 8, p = 0.0002) pre-pandemic. Median duration of surgery was 70 minutes (IQR: 28) during the pandemic and 79 minutes (IQR: 33.75, p = 0.126) pre-pandemic. There were no statistically significant differences between intraoperative CSF leaks and complication rates. No staff members tested positive for COVID-19. Three patients tested positive for COVID-19 postdischarge, but the infections were community acquired.
Conclusion In contrast to published guidelines, adequate preoperative testing, a multidisciplinary approach and the implementation of standardized protocols and vaccination against COVID-19 allow for endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery to be performed safely in patients with pituitary pathology during the pandemic.
A Rare Case of Pediatric Cortical Aneurysm Rupture in an Eight-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Salam Anooja Abdul , Ibbett Imogen , Thani Nova 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in the pediatric population is an extremely rare condition. We present an acute intracerebral hemorrhage in an 8-year-old boy, secondary to a ruptured middle cerebral artery cortical branch (M4 segment) aneurysm. There have been very few cases of cortical aneurysm reported in adults and we did not identify any pediatric cases in the literature to date.
Diversity-enabled sweet spots in layered architectures and speed–accuracy trade-offs in sensorimotor control
Authors: Nakahira Yorie , Liu Quanying , Sejnowski Terrence J. , Doyle John C. 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceNervous systems use highly effective layered architectures in the sensorimotor control system to minimize the harmful effects of delay and inaccuracy in biological components. To study what makes effective architectures, we develop a theoretical framework that connects the component speed–accuracy trade-offs (SATs) with system SATs and characterizes the system performance of a layered control system. We show that diversity in layers (e.g., planning and reflex) allows fast and accurate sensorimotor control, even when each layer uses slow or inaccurate components. We term such phenomena “diversity-enabled sweet spots (DESSs).” DESSs explain and link the extreme heterogeneities in axon sizes and numbers and the resulting robust performance in sensorimotor control.
High-dimensional mass cytometry analysis of NK cell alterations in AML identifies a subgroup with adverse clinical outcome
Authors: Chretien Anne-Sophie , Devillier Raynier , Granjeaud Samuel , Cordier Charlotte , Demerle Clemence , Salem Nassim , Wlosik Julia , Orlanducci Florence , Gorvel Laurent , Fattori Stephane , Hospital Marie-Anne , Pakradouni Jihane , Gregori Emilie , Paul Magali , Rochigneux Philippe , Pagliardini Thomas , Morey Mathieu , Fauriat Cyril , Dulphy Nicolas , Toubert Antoine , Luche Herve , Malissen Marie , Blaise Didier , Nunès Jacques A. , Vey Norbert , Olive Daniel 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceThis work provides a report of accumulation of unconventional CD56−CD16+NK cells in nonvirally induced malignancies. Increased frequency of CD56−CD16+NK cells is associated with adverse clinical outcome in AML, as well as other maturation defects, and might contribute to a defective control of AML progression. Pseudotime analysis highlights a disruption in the maturation process of conventional NK cells in AML patients, leading to a bifurcation point absent in healthy subjects. This analysis, combined with the reduced frequency of conventional NK cells observed in AML patients, suggests that unconventional CD56−CD16+NK cells derive from an aberrant maturation of conventional NK cells. Overall, accumulation of CD56−CD16+NK cells could be an important feature of immune escape from innate immunity.
Chemotactic movement of a polarity site enables yeast cells to find their mates
Authors: Ghose Debraj , Jacobs Katherine , Ramirez Samuel , Elston Timothy , Lew Daniel 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Many cells use extracellular chemical gradients to orient growth or movement in a specific direction. This is critical for development, wound healing, innate immunity, axon guidance, fertilization, and many other processes. However, how cells convert a chemical gradient into a directional response is poorly understood. We use the budding yeast as a model system for gradient sensing and combine experiments and computational modeling to propose a mechanism for how a cell can decode complex and dynamic spatial chemical gradients. The mechanism involves exploration by a subcellular front and may yield clues to other search processes where cells extend projections to seek out specific targets.
Unveiling the spatial distribution of molecular coherences at conical intersections by covariance X-ray diffraction signals
Authors: Cavaletto Stefano M. , Keefer Daniel , Rouxel Jérémy R. , Aleotti Flavia , Segatta Francesco , Garavelli Marco , Mukamel Shaul 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Monitoring the real-space motion of the electrons directly involved in ultrafast molecular dynamics is a challenging goal, hindered by the strong contributions of the remaining inactive electrons. Molecular quantum coherences can provide a direct window into elementary electronic dynamics, but they could not be separately imaged so far. Here, we demonstrate a time- and frequency-resolved X-ray diffraction technique, which can employ existing stochastic X-ray pulses to separately image the coherence contributions. The technique can selectively follow the relevant electrons involved in the ultrafast dynamics and identify the confined molecular regions covered by their motion. It enables readily feasible measurements and can be straightforwardly extended to full three-dimensional imaging via X-ray and electron diffraction.
Interlaboratory comparison of relative humidity standards among Latin American National Metrology Institutes (SIM.T-S10)
Authors: Brionizio J D , Mendoza J , Zapata D , Armijos D , Sánchez C , Bohórquez A , Riveros A , Castro F , Marchant M E , Skabar J G , Sica A , Robatto O , Villa H 
Published: May 2021

Main text
This report presents the results of a comparison in the context of an international collaboration that gives confidence in the relative humidity measurements carried out by several Latin-American institutes within the Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA) of the International Committee on Weights and Measures (CIPM). This interlaboratory comparison of humidity standards, the first one in Latin-America and one of the few of this type in the world, was organized in two rounds and carried out by the following National Metrology Institutes: INMETRO (Brazil), IBMETRO (Bolivia), INEN (Ecuador), INM (Colombia), CENAMEP AIP (Panama), ENAER (Chile), INTI (Argentina), LATU (Uruguay) and INTN (Paraguay). The interlaboratory comparison was performed in the scope of relative humidity in the range from 30 %rh to 90 %rh at temperatures of 20 °C and 40 °C. In this comparison, INMETRO was the reference laboratory, and acted as coordinator together with IBMETRO. Two thermohygrometers with capacitive humidity sensors were used as transfer standards, which were calibrated three times by the reference laboratory during the course of the interlaboratory comparison. A technical protocol prepared by INMETRO and IBMETRO circulated among the participants for comments. To sum up, the participants used their own calibration procedures for calibrating the transfer standards together with some instructions given in the technical protocol. Besides, the participants had to submit with the measurement results the respective uncertainties estimated according to their internal procedures and the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). The performance of each participating laboratory was evaluated by comparing its measurements results with those of the reference laboratory by means of the normalized error, according to ISO/IEC 17043:2010, and by the degree of equivalence.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Acoustic velocity and phonon frequencies of GaxIn1−xSb alloys under pressure, temperature, and compositions
Authors: Elkenany Elkenany B 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the present work, we have reported the empirical pseudo-potential method (EPM) based on the virtual crystal approximation (VCA) incorporated the compositional disorder effect (CDE) to study some physical properties of GaxIn1−xSb alloys. The dependence of the acoustic velocity and phonon frequencies for the studied alloys with the Ga content has been analyzed. The phonon frequencies and the sound velocity under the effect of pressure and temperature have been determined. The obtained outcomes were generally in very good agreement with the accessible experimental and theoretical data. The acoustic velocity and phonon frequencies of GaxIn1−xSb under pressure and temperature have not been fully studied, so, we highlighted the study of this topic. The alloy under investigation could be useful in optoelectronic and photonic materials.
Quantum properties of superposition opposite coherent states using quantum scissors with conditional measurements
Authors: Ren Gang , Yu Hai-Jun , Zhang Chun-Zao , Zhang Wen-Hai 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We analyze the quantum properties for the output state of the superposition coherent states with the opposite phase using a quantum scissor. From the perspectives of theoretical calculation and numerical analysis, we discuss the effects of the parameters of the quantum scissors device on different superposition coherent states, such as the probability of successful photon scissor, fidelity, signal gain and squeezing. An interesting finding is that when the input quantum states are even/odd coherent states, signal gain and squeezing for the output quantum state only depend on the amplitude and are independent of the parameters of the quantum scissors. In addition, the quantum properties for other superposition coherent states which are dependent of the amplitude of coherent and the transmittance of beam splitters are also discussed.
Curing inflationary degeneracies using reheating predictions and relic gravitational waves
Authors: Mishra Swagat S. , Sahni Varun , Starobinsky Alexei A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
It is well known that the inflationary scenario often displays different sets of
degeneracies in its predictions for CMB observables.
These degeneracies usually arise either because multiple inflationary models
predict similar values for the scalar spectral index n

S
and the tensor-to-scalar
ratio r, or because within the same model, the values of {n

S
, r}
are insensitive to some of the model parameters,
making it difficult for CMB observations alone to constitute a unique probe of inflationary cosmology.
We demonstrate that by taking into account constraints on the post-inflationary reheating parameters such as
the duration of reheating N
re, its temperature T
re and especially its equation
of state (EOS),
w
re, it is possible to break this degeneracy in certain classes of inflationary models
where identical values of {n

S
, r} can correspond to different reheating w
re.
In particular, we show how reheating constraints can break inflationary degeneracies in the T-model and the
E-model α-attractors. Non-canonical inflation is also studied.
The relic gravitational wave (GW)
spectrum provides us with another tool to break inflationary degeneracies.
This is because the GW spectrum
is sensitive
to the post-inflationary EOS of the universe. Indeed
a stiff EOS during reheating (w
re > 1/3) gives rise to a small scale blue tilt in the spectral index
n
GW = d log ΩGW/d log k > 0, while a soft EOS (w
re < 1/3)
results in a red tilt.
Relic GWs therefore provide us with valuable information about the post-inflationary epoch,
and their spectrum
can be used to cure inflationary degeneracies in {n

S
, r}.
Supercontinuum-illumination for long-working-distance microscopic imaging of air–liquid mixed sprays in the near-nozzle region
Authors: Huang Zhenqiang , Tan Wenjiang , Si Jinhai , Zeng Shijia , Hou Xun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate the optical diagnosis of air–liquid mixed sprays in the near-nozzle region using the supercontinuum (SC)-illumination long-working-distance microscopic imaging method, enabling the imaging of microdroplets, ligament structures, and cavities. In addition, SC-illumination long-working-distance microscopic imaging effectively suppresses speckles and reveals the ligament structures in the sprays more accurately. Finally, analysis of the droplet size distribution of the sprays under different air and liquid flow rates indicates that SC-illumination long-working-distance microscopic imaging offers several advantages for studying spray dynamics at the small structure level.
Controlling high harmonic generation using inhomogeneous two-color driving laser pulse
Authors: Mandal Ankur , Deshmukh Pranawa C , Singh Kamal P 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
High harmonic generation (HHG) is strongly modified near plasmonic nanostructures due to confinement and inhomogeneity of the electromagnetic field. Previous studies have revealed low-intensity generation of HHG and extension of the plateau; however, the roles of potential shape and a combination of inhomogeneous infrared (IR) and blue fields on HHG have not been studied. In this work, we study HHG driven by inhomogeneous two-color (800–400 nm) IR and blue femtosecond pulses by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. HHG spectra are computed for two different models: for a short-range potential, which supports a single-bound state, and for a long-range potential, which supports a Rydberg series, to show potential dependence on inhomogeneous two-color HHG. A substantial enhancement in the value of the cut-off resulting from inhomogeneity up to the ∼600th order, extending beyond the water window, is found for both the models. The HHG spectra are highly sensitive to the relative phase of the two-color fields and this sensitivity increases with increasing inhomogeneity. Possibilities of efficiently generating and controlling attosecond pulse train and isolated attosecond pulse are discussed.
Photodynamic therapy using silicon phthalocyanine conjugated with bovine serum albumin as a drug delivery system
Authors: Silva E P O , Ribeiro N M , Cardoso M A G , Pacheco-Soares C , Jr M Beltrame 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the present study, we describe a new silicon phthalocyanine conjugated to bovine serum albumin (PcSiN3M-BSA) and its photodynamic activity in murine macrophages cells (J774.A1). The nonconjugated precursor, bis(trimethylaminoethanoxy)–phthalocyaninato silicon (IV) (PcSiN3M), was also studied. Compounds PcSiN3M and PcSiN3M-BSA showed no cytotoxicity in the dark, but exhibited high photodynamic activities following exposure to 5 µM photosensitizers and 45 J cm−2 irradiation. These conditions were sufficient to decrease the cell viability to 40% and 5% in cells treated with PcSiN3M and PcSiN3M-BSA, respectively. These results demonstrated an increase of 87% in the photodynamic activity of PcSiN3M when conjugated with BSA. The results shown in this work suggest that PcSiN3M-BSA had higher uptake by J774.A1 cells, which contributed to its higher photoactivity compared with the unconjugated form, PcSiN3N.