bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer Detection and Classification using Deeper Convolutional Neural Networks based on Wavelet Packet Decomposition Techniques
Authors: R Rajakumari , Kalaivani L. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Breast cancer is a commonly diagnosed disease in women. Early detection, a personalized treatment approach, and better understanding are necessary for cancer patients to survive. In this work, both Deep learning Network and traditional Convolution Network has been employed for Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM) dataset. In this work, breast cancer images are subjected to removal of background images followed by Weiner filtering and Contrast Limited Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) filter for image restoration. Wavelet Packet Decomposition (WPD) using Daubechies wavelet level 3 (db3) is employed to improve the smoothness of the images. In the first part of breast cancer recognition, these preprocessed images are fed to a deep convolution neural network, namely GoogleNet and AlexNetfor ADAM. RMSPROP and SGDM optimizers for different learning rates such as 0.01, 0.001, and 0.0001. As medical image necessitates discriminative features for classification, the pre-trained GoogleNet architectures extract the complicated features from the image and increase the recognition rate. In the latter part of this paper, Particle Swarm Optimization based Multi-Layer Perceptron (PSO-MLP), and Ant Colony Optimization based Multi-Layer Perceptron (ACO-MLP) are employed for breast cancer recognition using statistical features like skewness, kurtosis, variance, entropy, contrast, correlation, energy, homogeneity, mean which are extracted from the preprocessed image. The performance of this GoogleNet has been compared with AlexNet, PSO-MLP, and ACO-MLP in terms of accuracy, loss rate, and runtime and achieves an accuracy of 99%, with less loss rate of 0.1547 and the lowest run time of 4.14 minutes.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Clinical Significance and Prognostic Value of the CBX Family in Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Endocervical Adenocarcinoma (CESC)
Authors: Zhou Pei , Ma Cong , Wu Caiyun , Yuan Jing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC) is the second most common type of cancer among gynecologic malignancies worldwide. Chromobox (CBX) family proteins are associated with the regulation of tumorigenesis, metastasis, and evolution of various cancers.Methods: The clinical features, expression levels, and prognostic value of CBXs in CESC were analyzed through several databases, including ONCOMINE, GEPIA, HPA, UALCAN, cBioPortal, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and Metascape.Results: We concluded that the expression level of CBX2/4/8 was upregulated, while the expression level of CBX6/7 was downregulated in CESC specimens. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that CBX1/2/3/4/5/6/8 proteins were downregulated in normal cervical tissues, and upregulated in CESC specimens. In contrast, CBX7 protein expression was significantly higher in normal adjacent cervical tissues and was not detected in CESC tissues. CBX1/3/6 mRNA expression was significantly correlated with the pathological stage of CESC. Prognostic analysis showed that patients with high CBX7 levels of CESC had a favorable prognosis.Conclusions: Our study indicated that CBX7 could be an attractive biomarker for the prognosis of CESC.
Potential triggers of atrial fibrillation in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mirzarakhimova Zulfiya , Narziev Bakhodir , Yakubov Akmal , Salaev Oybek , Hamraev Ramesh , Ganiev Aliyor , Tursunov Sukhrob , Jumaniyozov Rasulbek , Sultankhonov Sardorkhon 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction.

Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heartbeat that accelerates to form blood clots in the chambers of the heart and leads to stroke, heart failure, and other cardiovascular complications. Diabetes mellitus itself has been identified as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation, but the association between them is unclear.
Material and methods.

We analyzed 70 patients with type 2 insulin non-dependent diabetes mellitus. All patients were examined in parallel continuous glucose (CGM) and ECG for 14 days. The study population divided into documented atrial fibrillation (AF group, n = 16) and without atrial fibrillation (non-AF group, n = 54) groups. We assessed the relationship between hypoglycemia, fasting plasma insulin, insulin resistance using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR) equation, and the incidence of atrial fibrillation.
Results.

We found a total of 46 episodes of documented atrial fibrillation (AF be defined as an arrhythmia lasting ≥ 30 seconds) lasted on the whole 596.9 minute, which was the most significant by the number (2.87 ± 2.05 per patient, p < 0.0001) or the time (31.31 ± 16.57 min per patient, p < 0.0001). We also compared the incident rate of different types of atrial premature complexes between two groups. We found a maximum of 642.6 ± 567.2 single PACs per patient in the AF group, compared to 84.6 ± 87.9, p = 0.002. Despite this, there were significant differences by the following parameters: couplet PACs (p = 0.0015) and triplet or > 3 PACs (p = 0.0007). Over 14 days, a total of 263 hypoglycemic episodes or 5135 min hypoglycemic time were detected, the average number and time of hypoglycemic episodes were 8.0 ± 4.94 per person and 137.0 ± 63.17 min in AF group, and 2.5 ± 4.64 per person (p = 0.0001), 54.5 ± 67.3 min (p = 0.004) in the non-AF group. There was a statistically significant (p < 0.0001) association between FPI and incident AF, more exactly, the mean level of FPI was 31 ± 6.1 mlU/L in the AF group, whereas was 11.3 ± 4.07 in the non-AF group. When we measured the HOMA-IR index by using the homeostasis model, we found significant differences between AF and non-AF groups (11.2 ± 3.88 mmol/l vs. 4.3 ± 1.66 mmol/l, p < 0.0001).
Conclusion.

The parallel recording of continuous glucose and ECG are necessary to evaluate hypoglycemia-related atrial fibrillation in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Elevated fasting plasma insulin, as well as insulin resistance, are important predictors of atrial fibrillation development, but it needs further studies.
Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Score for Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Xue Ning , Ou Guoping , Ma Weiguo , Jia Lina , Sheng Jiahe , Xu Qingxia , Liu Yubo , Jia Miaomiao 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background：The present study aimed to develop and validate an effective predictive model for overall survival (OS) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods: 519 patients were retrospectively reviewed in this study. Random forest was proposed to identify significant prognostic factors for OS in NPC patients. Then calibration plot and concordance index(C-index) were used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the nomogram model.Results: We used random forest to select three most important features, dNLR, HGB, EBV DNA, which were significantly relevant to OS of NPC patients. The C-index of our model for OS were 0.733 (95% CI: 0.673~0.793) and 0.772 (95% CI: 0.691~0.853) in the two cohorts, which were higher than that of TNM stage, treatment, and EBV DNA. Based on the model risk score, patients were divided into low-risk and high-risk two groups. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that two subgroups were significantly associated with OS in the primary cohort and in the validation cohort. The nomogram for OS was established including risk score, TNM stage, EBV DNA in the two cohort. It achieved higher C-index of 0.783(95% CI: 0.730~0.836) than that of the risk score model 0.733 (95% CI: 0.673~0.793) in the primary (P = 0.005).Conclusions：The established risk score model and nomogram resulted in more accurate prognostic prediction for individual patient with NPC.
DCABM-TCM, a Database of Constituents Absorbed into Blood and Metabolites of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Liu Xinyue , Liu Jinying , Xu Feng , Li Runa , Xing Lin , Yuan Liying , Guo Shuzhen , Guo Feifei , Liu Yuan , Liu Jiale , Wang Xun , Qi Yaning , Fu Bangze , Li Dong , Liu Zhongyang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) not only maintains the health of peoples in Asia but also provides a great resource of active natural products for modern drug development. However, owing to its diverse constituents and the complex interactions with the human body, it is still challenging to clarify its effective constituents and molecular mechanism. This greatly hinders its widespread application worldwide and TCM-based modern drug development. The vast majority of constituents in TCM can produce pharmacological effects only after they are absorbed into bloodstream. Compared with ordinary constituents generally detected in vitro, these that are verified to reach the bloodstream, including original constituents absorbed into blood and metabolites of original constituents produced by the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal microflora, and liver, are more likely to be really effective ones responsible for the pharmacological effects. Here we developed DCABM-TCM (a Database of Constituents Absorbed into Blood and Metabolites of TCM), the first database systematically collecting blood constituents of TCM prescriptions and herbs, including prototypes and metabolites experimentally-detected in blood, together with the corresponding detailed detection conditions by manual literature mining. Currently DCABM-TCM has collected 4206 blood constituents of 192 prescriptions and 194 herbs, and also integrated various related annotations including physicochemical properties, ADMET properties, and associated targets, functional terms, pathways, and diseases etc. Furthermore, DCABM-TCM supported two analysis functions, the network pharmacology analysis for TCM molecular mechanism elucidation and the target/pathway/disease-based screening of candidate blood constituents, herbs or prescriptions for TCM-based drug discovery. DCABM-TCM is freely assessable by http://bionet.ncpsb.org.cn/dcabm-tcm/ and is browsable and searchable for each of 6 kinds of entities, including prescriptions, herbs, blood constituents, targets, pathways, and diseases. DCABM-TCM will contribute to not only the elucidation of effective constituents and molecular mechanism of TCMs but also the discovery of TCM-derived drug-like compounds which are both bioactive and bioavailable, the feature investigation of absorbable natural compounds, and the quality control of herbs.
Creatinine-Based Formulae Poorly Match In The Classification of Hypofiltration Or Hyperfiltration In a General Population of Adolescents. A Retrospective Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Šebeková Katarína , Gurecká Radana , Tóthová Ľubomíra , Podracká Ľudmila 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pediatric formulae to estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) give a broad range of values. Their consistency in assigning the subjects as hypofiltrating or hyperfiltrating is unknown. In 1,993 apparently healthy adolescents (53.4% females) aged 14-to-17 years, we investigated the concordance of six creatinine-based formulae in the classification of the subjects into ≤ 5th or ≥ 95th percentile of eGFR; and the between-groups difference in the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. Mean eGFR varied between 77-to-121 mL/min/1.73 m2. Arbitrary setting of hypofiltration or hyperfiltration to 5% returned 46 males and 53 females. At least one formula classified 89 males and 99 females as hypofiltrating, and 105 males and 114 females as hyperfiltrating. All six formulae concordantly classified 15 males and 17 females as hypofiltrating; and 9 and 14, respectively, as hyperfiltrating. Pairwise, formulae consistently classified hypofiltration in 42%-to-87% subjects, hyperfiltration in 28%-94%. According to two out of six formulae, hyperfiltration associated with increased prevalence of obesity and obesity-associated comorbidities. Hypofiltrating subjects did not manifest chronic kidney disease-associated comorbidities. Further studies in different populations of healthy adolescents are needed before it is possible to conclude on which creatinine-based formula is appropriate for the classification of hypofiltration and hyperfiltration in non-clinical cohorts.
Predicting Hydrological Alterations to Quantitative and localized Climate Change in plateau regions: A case study of Lake Dianchi Basin
Authors: Duan Zhongzhao , Wang Mingjing , Liu Yong , Gao Wei , Chang Xuexiu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Climate change has greatly impacted hydrological regimes of lakes in sub-trophic and trophic areas. The uncertainties surrounding conventional future hydrological simulation methods with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase (CMIP) climate models have long been debated. However, it is crucial to obtain an accurate assessment result to help with better decision-making. In this study, we used the Lake Dianchi Basin (LDB) as a case study to demonstrate the use of a sub-catchment scale integrated model framework to obtain detailed hydrological simulation results and a comprehensive impact assessment of climate change on hydrological regimes. The results showed that 1) For the sub trophic lake basin LDB, its hydrological regimes are significantly impacted by climate change. Precipitation change impacted greater than air temperature change. 2) The 19 hydrological indicators showed large variations among the 18 climate scenarios. Precipitation impacted much greater than air temperature, and wet season might be impacted more by climate change. Climate change might impact more on 1/3/7-day minimums/maximums than 30/90-day minimums/maximums. 3) Enormous ecological and socio-economic risk for the LDB were indicated as its hydrologic regime is vulnerable to climate change. Among all six sub-catchments, Sub_06, characterized by a hilly landscape, would be impacted the most by climate change. 4) This study showed that, in regions with complex climatic conditions and topography, it is necessary to simulate hydrological states at the sub-catchment scale and differences of responses of each indicator to climate change should be fully considered.
Clinical efficacy of autogenous vertebrae-filled polyetheretherketone cage in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with instrumentation
Authors: Li Xusheng , Zhan Xuehua , Chang Long , Qiao Yongdong , Ding Huiqiang , Yuan Haifeng 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with instrumentation (ACDFI) have been widely used in the treatment of the degenerative disease or traumatic instability of the cervical spine. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of the autologous vertebral-filled polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with instrumentation (ACDFI).Material and Methods. The clinical data of 368 patients who received ACDFI from September 2015 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the material that filled PEEK cage during the surgery, the patients were divided into two groups, the autologous vertebrate group (n = 185) and the autologous iliac group (n = 183). The operative time, operative blood loss, postoperative complications in two groups were recorded and analyzed. The bone graft fusion and postoperative functional outcomes, including scores of modified Japanese Orthopedic Association score (mJOA), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and visual analog scale (VAS) were compared.Results. Patients were followed-up for 14.04 ± 0.98 months. At a 6-months follow-up, the rate of spinal fusion was 96.29% (178/185) in the vertebral group and 95.94% (176/183) in the iliac group, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The postoperative VAS, mJOA, and NDI scores were not significantly different between two groups during the follow-up (P>0.05). The operative time and blood loss in the vertebral group were significantly less than that of the iliac group (P<0.01). In the iliac group, all patients suffered pain in the iliac donor site, 65 patients suffered numbness, 12 patients had fat liquefaction in donor incision, while all patients in the vertebral group had no postoperative complications. Conclusion. The autologous vertebrae-filled PEEK cage can achieve the same clinical outcome as the autologous iliac, but the autologous vertebrae filled PEEK cage have the advantage of shorter operative time, less intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative complications.
Dissolving Microneedle Rollers for Rapid Transdermal Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhang Xiao Peng , Zhang Bao Li , Chen Bo Zhi , Zhao Ze Qiang , Guo Xin Dong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Dissolving microneedle patch (DMNP) is a minimally invasive and painless self-administration device. However, due to “bed-of-needles” effect and skin deformation, it is difficult to apply it on the large areas of skin or curved skin as the patch size increased for DMNP. Here, we propose a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based dissolving microneedle roller (DMNR) device that can be used for delivering drugs rapidly on the large surface areas or curved skin and does not need to be attached on the skin all the time during drug delivery. The hypoglycemic effect of insulin-loaded DMNRs for transdermal delivery of insulin was studied on the type 1 diabetic rat models. It was found that the insulin-loaded DMNR has an immediate and effective hypoglycemic effect that the blood glucose level reduced below to 50% of original blood glucose at 1 hour after DMNRs administrated.
Yiqi Fumai Injection for patients with Septic Shock: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Chen Bo-jun , Jing Zeng , Xingui Cai , Hairong Cai , Sicong Luo , Shuling Liu , Shuai Zhao , Zhishang Li , Weizhang Zhang , Bojun Chen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Septic shock is an important problem in critical care medicine and one of the leading causes of death in intensive care units (ICU). In China, Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used as the adjuvant treatment to improve the symptoms and prognosis in patients with septic shock. Yiqi Fumai Injection (YFI) is one of the most important proprietary TCM for septic shock, previous studies have demonstrated its efficacy and safety. However, these conclusions were limited due to the small sample size and low quality of methodologies of these studies. Therefore, we designed this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using YFI as an adjunct treatment for septic shock.Methods/design: This is a double-blind, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 800 participants will be randomly assigned to receive either treatment or placebo in a 1:1 ratio. The treatment group will receive YFI combined with conventional treatment, and the control group will receive 0.9% sodium chloride injection combined with conventional treatment for 2 weeks. The primary outcome is the 28-days mortality. Secondary outcomes are blood lactate levels, hemodynamics, blood gas analysis, immune function indicators, inflammatory indicators, acute physiology improvement and chronic health assessment (APACHE) II scores, and sepsis-related organ failure score (SOFA). Adverse events will be observed and recorded at the same time for safety assessment.Discussion: This randomized controlled trial will help evaluate the efficacy and safety of YFI for the treatment of septic shock. The results of this trial will provide recommendations for the management of septic shock.Trial registration {2a and 2b}：China Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-1900026424.Registered on 15 June 2019.
Usefulness of the PET/CT to predict the progression and mortality risk in patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease
Authors: Chacón Beatriz Morales , García-Esqu Marta Garcia , Candil Aida Ortega , García Irene Serrano , Álvarez-Sala José Luis , Alcázar Lydia Abásolo , Barbero María Asunción Nieto 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective: to assess the capacity of the PET/CT to predict pulmonary function deterioration and increased mortality risk in patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) and to establish a possible SUVmax cutoff which identifies these patients. Material and methods: retrospective study between January 2007-December 2020. Inclusion criteria: patients > 18 years of age, diagnosed with IIP by PET/CT and pulmonary function test, with less than 6 months’ difference between the two tests. A study was made of the outcome variables associated with the PET/CT, the pulmonary function test measured at 2 stages (initially at the time of the PET/CT and at the end of follow-up), the mortality risk (using the GAP index) and the relationship between them all. Other variables of interest observed were age, sex, department requesting the PET/CT, indication, and the presence of lung cancer (LC). The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS program. Results: 39 patients were analysed: 34 males (87%), with an age of 75 ± 8 years (mean ± DS). The mean ± SD of the SUVmax was 2.57 ± 1.17, with a statistically insignificant difference (p = 0.670) between patients with and without lung cancer. LC was confirmed in 21 cases (54%). There is a small inverse correlation between the SUVmax and the initial and final predicted FVC% (r= -0.154, r= -0.252), together with a medium correlation for the initial and final predicted DLCO% (r= -0.523, r= -0.514). The mean ± SD of the GAP index was 3.77 ± 1.08. There is a medium correlation between the SUVmax and the mortality risk of stages I and II (r = 0.468). By means of ROC curve analysis, an SUVmax of 2.2 was established to predict the fall of the FVC below 80%, of 1.9 to predict the fall of the DLCO below 60%, and of 2.15 to predict the progression from GAP stage I to II in mortality risk. Conclusions: There is an inverse correlation between the SUVmax and the pulmonary function, together with a direct relationship between the SUVmax and the mortality risk.
Functional movement screen evaluation system for the prevention of military training injuries: a prospective study in China
Authors: Zeng Jing , Zhang Rong-Bing , Wang Wei , Ke Jing-Jiu , Wu Xiang , Chen Li-Hua , Xiao Jun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Military training injury is a difficult problem in the field of military training. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of functional movement screen (FMS) evaluation system and individualized intervention measures in preventing military training injuries.Methods: A total of 420 recruits from a unit of the People's Liberation Army of China (PLA) were included as the research object. According to random grouping method, they were divided into observation group (Group A) and control group (Group B) , with 210 patients in each group. Before recruit training, individual FMS were performed, and functional correction training was performed in the observation group according to the test scores, while no intervention measures were applied in the control group. After three months of training, the tests were repeated. Age, body mass index (BMI) and incidence of military training injuries were recorded during the training period.Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups in age, BMI, FMS score before the training (P > 0.05). After receiving functional correction training, the FMS score of the Group A was higher than that of the Group B, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of military training injury in Group A and Group B was 20.95% and 44.02%, respectively (P < 0.05), and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion: The evaluation system of FMS and individualized intervention measures are feasible and effective in predicting and reducing the occurrence of military training injuries.