bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of Glaesserella parasuis strains isolated from North America, Europe and Asia by serotyping PCR and LS-PCR
Authors: Macedo Nubia , Gottschalk Marcelo , Strutzberg-Minder Katrin , Van Chao Nguyen , Zhang Lijun , Zou Geng , Zhou Rui , Marostica Thaire , Clavijo Maria Jose , Tucker Alexander , Aragon Virginia 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGlaesserella parasuis strains were characterized by serotyping PCR, vtaA virulence marker Leader Sequence (LS)-PCR, clinical significance, and geographic region. Overall, the serovars 4, 5/12, 7, 1, and 13 were the most commonly detected. Serovars of greatest clinical relevance were systemic isolates that had a higher probability of being serovar 5/12, 13, or 7. In comparison, pulmonary isolates had a higher likelihood of being serovars 2, 4, 7, or 14. Serovars 5/12 and 13 have previously been considered disease-associated, but this study agrees with other recent studies showing that serovar 7 is indeed associated with systemic G. parasuis disease. Serovar 4 strains illustrated how isolates can have varying degrees of virulence and be obtained from pulmonary, systemic, or nasal sites. Serovars 8, 9, 15, and 10 were predominantly obtained from nasal samples, which indicates a limited clinical significance of these serovars. Additionally, most internal G. parasuis isolates were classified as virulent by LS-PCR and were disease-associated isolates, including serovars 1, 2, 4, 5/12, 7, 13, and 14. Isolates from the nasal cavity, including serovars 6, 9, 10, 11, and 15, were classified as non-virulent by LS-PCR. In conclusion, the distribution of G. parasuis serovars remains constant, with few serovars representing most of the strains isolated from affected pigs. Moreover, it was confirmed that the LS-PCR can be used for G. parasuis virulence prediction of field strains worldwide.
Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Bauhinia racemosa Lam.: a comprehensive review
Authors: Prabhu S. , Vijayakumar S. , Ramasubbu Raju , Praseetha P. K. , Karthikeyan K. , Thiyagarajan G. , Sureshkumar J. , Prakash N. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundBauhinia racemosais not familiarly known in Asian countries due to its limited existence and lack of medicinal information. It is commonly used as a medicine, ornamental plant, fence plant, and fodder for livestock since ancient times. It is also used as a landfill tree to avoid soil erosion of the forest.Main bodyIn South India, people cultivate this plant in their premises in order to protect themselves from the effects of thunder. In this review, the various research prospects of this plant have been analyzed and are summarized. The aim of this review is to provide the traditional uses, phytochemicals and pharmacological activities ofB. racemosa, and to highlight the current pharmacological developments of this medicinal plant.ConclusionsTheB.racemosahas immense therapeutic potential for treating diseases with both traditional and pharmacological applications. But many traditional uses ofB.racemosahave not been validated by current investigations in the aspects of pharmaceutical. Until now, research on phyto-constituents fromB.racemosahas not been done in an extensive way. Hence, the identified phytochemicals ofB.racemosashould also be subjected to pharmacological studies to illuminate the biological mechanisms of these unreported secondary metabolites for the prevention of diseases or microbial infections and other health disorders of human and animal races.
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on provision of electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Braithwaite Richard , Chaplin Robert , Sivasanker Vimal 
Published: May 2021

Aims and methodCOVID-19 has had a heavy impact on healthcare provision worldwide, including delivery of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). A survey was completed in the UK and Republic of Ireland in April and July 2020 by 95 and 89 ECT clinics respectively.ResultsIn April 2020, 53% of the clinics provided only emergency treatment and 24% had closed. Reasons included unavailability of anaesthetists, infection control measures and staff sickness. Restrictions persisted in July, with disruption to an estimated 437 individuals’ treatment and poor outcomes, including clinical deterioration and readmission.Clinical implicationsRisk stratification, longer clinic sessions, improvements in ventilation, regular virus testing, pragmatic staff rostering and availability of personal protective equipment will protect against service disruption in subsequent waves of the pandemic.
Clinical Implications of Pathogenic Germline Variants in Small Intestine Neuroendocrine Tumors (SI-NETs)
Authors: Perez Kimberly , Kulke Matthew H. , Chittenden Anu , Ukaegbu Chinedu , Astone Kristina , Alexander Holly , Brais Lauren , Zhang Jinming , Garcia John , Esplin Edward D. , Yang Shan , Da Silva Annacarolina , Nowak Jonathan A. , Yurgelun Matthew B. , Garber Judy , Syngal Sapna , Chan Jennifer 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE An inherited basis for presumed sporadic neuroendocrine tumor (NET) has been suggested by evidence of familial clustering of NET and a higher incidence of second malignancies in patients and families with NET. To further investigate a potential heritable basis for sporadic neuroendocrine tumors, we performed multigene platform germline analysis to determine the frequency of hereditary susceptibility gene variants in a cohort of patients with sporadic small intestine NET (SI-NET). METHODS We performed a multigene platform germline analysis with Invitae's 83-gene, next-generation sequencing panel using DNA from 88 individuals with SI-NET from a clinically annotated database of patients with NET evaluated at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI) who are considered high risk for inherited variants. Additionally, we evaluated the prevalence of pathogenic variants in an unselected cohort of patients with SI-NET who underwent testing with Invitae. RESULTS Of the 88 patients in the DFCI cohort, a pathogenic germline variant was identified in eight (9%) patients. In an independent cohort of 120 patients with SI-NET, a pathogenic germline variant was identified in 13 (11%) patients. Pathogenic variants were identified in more than one patient in the following genes: ATM, RAD51C, MUTYH, and BLM. Somatic testing of tumors from the DFCI cohort was suboptimal because of insufficient coverage of all targeted exons, and therefore, analysis was limited. CONCLUSION We demonstrate a 9%-11% incidence of pathogenic germline variants in genes associated with inherited susceptibility for malignancy not previously described in association with SI-NET. The association of these germline variants with neuroendocrine carcinogenesis and risk is uncertain but warrants further characterization.
Single-use negative pressure wound therapy reduces costs in closed surgical incisions: UK and US economic evaluation
Authors: Nherera Leo M , Saunders Chris , Verma Sanjay , Trueman Paul , Fatoye Francis 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Single-use negative pressure wound therapy (sNPWT) following closed surgical incisions has a demonstrable effect in reducing surgical site complications (SSC). However, there is little health economic evidence to support its widespread use. We sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of sNPWT compared with standard care in reducing SSCs following closed surgical incisions. Method: A decision analytic model was developed to explore the total costs and health outcomes associated with the use of the interventions in patients following vascular, colorectal, cardiothoracic, orthopaedic, C-section and breast surgery from the UK National Health Service (NHS) and US payer perspective over a 12-week time horizon. We modelled complications avoided (surgical site infection (SSI) and dehiscence) using data from a recently published meta-analysis. Cost data were sourced from published literature, NHS reference costs and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. We conducted subgroup analysis of patients with diabetes, an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score ≥3 and body mass index (BMI) ≥30kg/m2. A sensitivity analysis was also conducted. Results: sNPWT resulted in better clinical outcomes and overall savings of £105 per patient from the UK perspective and $637 per patient from the US perspective. There were more savings when higher-risk patients with diabetes, or a BMI ≥30kg/m2 or an ASA≥3 were considered. We conducted both one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis, and the results suggested that this conclusion is robust. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the use of sNPWT following closed surgical incisions saves cost when compared with standard care because of reduced incidence of SSC. Patients at higher risk should be targeted first as they benefit more from sNPWT. This analysis is underpinned by strong and robust clinical evidence from both randomised and observational studies.
Deep Edwards Trend of South Texas
Authors: Beebe B. W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
One of the most significant developments in recent years in South Texas has been the exploration for and exploitation of gas and oil in the deep Edwards Limestone of Comanchean age. Although the possibility of production from the deep Edwards was suggested by a blowout in 1941 northeast of the San Marcos arch in the shallow Edwards fields in the Darst Creek-Luling area, and by development of Edwards production along the Jourdanton-Pleasanton trend, it was not until 1953 that production was established in the San Miguel pool, McMullen County. The discovery of the huge Fashing Edwards gas and oil pool in October 1956 accelerated exploration for and development of deep Edwards production. At the end of 1964, 47 deep and intermediate-depth Edwards pools had been discovered in a belt more than 200 mi long, extending from central Lavaca County south- westward to western Webb County on the Rio Grande. Most of the production is gas or gas condensate ; several pools produce oil, but generally have high gas/oil ratios.
Edwards Limestone production is found in both a reef and back-reef facies of coquina-like fossiliferous limestone and dolomotized limestone. Porosity and permeability are markedly varied. Part of the accumulation in the northeastern part of the productive area is controlled structurally by closures against up-to-the-coast faults along the Charlotte-Sample and deep Edwards fault trends. Southward and southwestward, along the Stuart City reef trend, accumulation is controlled primarily by reefs. Three fields appear to produce from traps resulting from local deep-seated salt domes.
Gas is marketed readily where found near a pipeline, but several smaller accumulations still are unconnected. Some of the gas contains enough hydrogen sulfide to warrant sulfur extraction.
Possibilities for additional deep Edwards and pre-Edwards Cretaceous and Jurassic discoveries appear to be good, but exploration and development will be slow because of depth and the expense of finding production and drilling and completing wells.
The impact of mass drug administration expansion to low onchocerciasis prevalence settings in case of connected villages
Authors: de Vos Anneke S. , Stolk Wilma A. , Coffeng Luc E. , de Vlas Sake J. 
Published: May 2021

Background
The existence of locations with low but stable onchocerciasis prevalence is not well understood. An often suggested yet poorly investigated explanation is that the infection spills over from neighbouring locations with higher infection densities.

Methodology
We adapted the stochastic individual based model ONCHOSIM to enable the simulation of multiple villages, with separate blackfly (intermediate host) and human populations, which are connected through the regular movement of the villagers and/or the flies. With this model we explore the impact of the type, direction and degree of connectedness, and of the impact of localized or full-area mass drug administration (MDA) over a range of connected village settings.

Principal findings
In settings with annual fly biting rates (ABR) below the threshold needed for stable local transmission, persistence of onchocerciasis prevalence can well be explained by regular human traffic and/or fly movement from locations with higher ABR. Elimination of onchocerciasis will then theoretically be reached by only implementing MDA in the higher prevalence area, although lingering infection in the low prevalence location can trigger resurgence of transmission in the total region when MDA is stopped too soon. Expanding MDA implementation to the lower ABR location can therefore shorten the duration of MDA needed. For example, when prevalence spill-over is due to human traffic, and both locations have about equal populations, then the MDA duration can be shortened by up to three years. If the lower ABR location has twice as many inhabitants, the reduction can even be up to six years, but if spill-over is due to fly movement, the expected reduction is less than a year.

Conclusions/Significance
Although MDA implementation might not always be necessary in locations with stable low onchocerciasis prevalence, in many circumstances it is recommended to accelerate achieving elimination in the wider area.
Circulating adiponectin mediates the association between omentin gene polymorphism and cardiometabolic health in Asian Indians
Authors: Vimaleswaran Karani Santhanakrishnan , Bodhini Dhanasekaran , Jiang Juanjie , Ramya Kandaswamy , Mohan Deepa , Shanthi Rani Coimbatore Subramanian , Lakshmipriya Nagarajan , Sudha Vasudevan , Pradeepa Rajendra , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Mohan Viswanathan , Radha Venkatesan 
Published: May 2021

Background
Plasma omentin levels have been shown to be associated with circulating adiponectin concentrations and cardiometabolic disease-related outcomes. In this study, we aim to examine the association of omentin gene polymorphism with serum adiponectin levels and cardiometabolic health status using a genetic approach, and investigate whether these associations are modified by lifestyle factors.

Methods
The study included 945 normal glucose tolerant and 941 unrelated individuals with type 2 diabetes randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (CURES), in southern India. Study participants were classified into cardiometabolically healthy and unhealthy, where cardiometabolically healthy were those without hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Fasting serum adiponectin levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. The omentin A326T (rs2274907) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was screened by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and direct sequencing.

Results
The ‘A’ allele of the omentin SNP was significantly associated with lower adiponectin concentrations after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and cardiometabolic health status (p = 1.90 x 10−47). There was also a significant association between circulating adiponectin concentrations and cardiometabolic health status after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, WC and Omentin SNP (p = 7.47x10-10). However, after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, WC and adiponectin levels, the association of ‘A’ allele with cardiometabolic health status disappeared (p = 0.79) suggesting that adiponectin serves as a mediator of the association between omentin SNP and cardiometabolic health status. There were no significant interactions between the SNP and dietary factors on adiponectin levels and cardiometabolic health status (p>0.25, for all comparisons).

Conclusions
Our findings show that adiponectin might function as a mechanistic link between omentin SNP and increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases independent of common and central obesity in Asian Indians. Before strategies to promote adiponectin modulation could be implemented, further studies are required to confirm the molecular mechanisms involved in this triangular relationship between omentin gene, adiponectin and cardiometabolic diseases.
Cardiovascular benefits of a home-based exercise program in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: de Araujo Junior Jonas Alves , Antonelli Rossi Daniele Andreza , Carneiro Valadão Taina Fabri , Milan-Mattos Juliana Cristina , Catai Aparecida Maria , Sato Tatiana de Oliveira , Hueb Joao Carlos , Zanati Bazan Silmeia Garcia , Hokama Paula Oliveira Montandon , Hokama Newton Key , Roscani Meliza Goi 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundPhysical inactivity is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The benefits of exercise in patients with chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, are well established. For patients with sickle cell disease, medical recommendation was to avoid physical exercise for fear of triggering painful crises or increasing the impairment of the cardiopulmonary function. Only recently, studies have shown safety in exercise programs for this population. Despite that, there is no report that assess the effects of physical exercise on cardiac parameters in patients with sickle cell disease.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of regular physical exercise (a home-based program) on cardiovascular function in patients with sickle cell disease.DesignA quasi-randomized prospective controlled trial.SettingDuring the years 2015 and 2016, we started recruiting among adult patients treated at a Brazilian Center for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease to participate in a study involving a home exercise program. The experimental (exercise) and control groups were submitted to clinical evaluation and cardiovascular tests before and after the intervention. Analysis of variance was applied to compare groups, considering time and group factors.ParticipantsTwenty-seven adult outpatients with a sickle cell disease diagnosis.InterventionsExercise group (N = 14): a regular home-based aerobic exercise program, three to five times per week not exceeding give times per week, for eight weeks; no prescription for the control group (N = 13).Main outcome measuresEchocardiographic and treadmill test parameters.ResultsThe exercise group showed significant improvement in cardiovascular tests, demonstrated by increased distance traveled on a treadmill (p<0.01), increased ejection fraction (p < 0.01) and improvement of diastolic function assessed by mitral tissue Doppler E’ wave on echocardiography (p = 0.04). None of the patients presented a sickle cell crisis or worsening of symptoms during the exercise program.ConclusionThe selected home-based exercise program is safe, feasible, and promotes a favorable impact on functional capacity and cardiovascular function in sickle cell disease patients.
Gender stigma awareness is associated with adolescent risky health behaviors
Authors: Kwaning Karen , Wong Mitchell , Dosanjh Kulwant , Biely Christopher , Dudovitz Rebecca 
Published: May 2021

Objectives
Although racial stigma in school is associated with adolescent risky health behaviors, there are no studies investigating how gender stigma relates to adolescent risky health behaviors among low-income, minority youth. We sought to determine whether gender stigma awareness is associated with adolescent risky health behaviors (delinquency, fighting, and substance use) and whether this association is mediated by school disengagement (low perceived teacher support, low school engagement, cutting classes, and breaking school rules) among low-income, minority students.

Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional survey data, collected from 2017 to 2019, from 412 high school students. Multi-level logistic regressions tested whether gender stigma awareness was associated with delinquency, fighting, and substance use, controlling for covariates, baseline behaviors, and clustering within schools. Mediation analyses tested whether school disengagement (low school engagement, perceived teacher support, cutting class, and breaking school rules) mediated these associations. Secondary analyses explored whether associations differed for male versus female, high-performing versus low-performing, and Latinx versus non-Latinx students.

Results
In this predominantly Latinx (83%) sample, gender stigma awareness was associated with delinquency (AOR = 1.48, P< 0.001) and fighting (AOR = 1.15, P< 0.001). School engagement, perceived teacher support, breaking school rules, and cutting classes mediated 42.7% of the association between gender stigma awareness and delinquency and 65.42% of the association between gender stigma awareness and fighting. Gender stigma awareness was also associated with substance use for low-performing (AOR = 1.68, P = 0.003) and non-Latinx adolescents (AOR = 3.80, P = 0.03). School disengagement did not mediate the association between gender stigma awareness and substance use for non-Latinx students but mediated 50% of this association for low-performing students.

Conclusions
Gender stigma awareness is associated with adolescent risky health behaviors. A decreased sense of acceptance in the school community and increased school misbehavior may mediate these associations. School environments that value and accept all students may better support adolescent health.
Wood modification with N-methylol and N-methyl compounds: a case study on how non-fixated chemicals in modified wood may affect the classification of their durability
Authors: Emmerich Lukas , Brischke Christian , Militz Holger 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Chemical modification is increasing the durability of wood against biological deterioration. Usually, the effect of a new treatment on the durability of wood is screened in laboratory decay tests, where durability classes are assigned on the basis of the mass loss (ML) caused by degrading fungi. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how non-fixated chemicals in modified wood may affect fungal ML measurements and corresponding durability classification when wood samples are incubated under humid conditions for long periods. Wood blocks were treated with solutions of 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU), methylated DMDHEU (mDMDHEU) and 1,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMeDHEU) and subjected to consecutive cold-water leaching cycles. Significant amounts of non-fixated chemicals were removed from the wood by three leaching cycles and might lead to ML mistaken as response of fungal decay. Consequently, the treated material was assigned erroneously by up to four durability classes (DC) worse than material which did not include leachable, non-fixated chemicals. Thus, for a reliable durability classification of chemically modified wood, prolonged leaching procedures are recommended to assure that the measured ML is entirely attributed to fungal decay.
Possible involvement of the dopamine D2 receptors of ventromedial hypothalamus in the control of free- and scheduled-feeding and plasma ghrelin level in rat
Authors: Mehranfard Nasrin , Halabian Alireza , Alaei Hojatallah , Radahmadi Maryam , Bahari Zahra , Ghasemi Maedeh 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objectives
We investigated effect of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) dopamine D2 receptor inhibition on food intake and plasma ghrelin following chronic free or scheduled meal with different caloric intakes.

Methods
Male Wistar rats (220–250 g) were fed diets containing free (control) or three scheduled diets of standard, restricted and high-fat for 1 month. The animals stereotaxically received an intra VMH single dose of sulpiride (0.005 µg)/or saline (0.5 µL) before meal time. Thirty minutes later, food intake and circulating ghrelin were measured.

Results
Sulpiride significantly reduced food intake and ghrelin concentration in freely fed and scheduled-standard diet (p<0.05), while increased food intake, with ghrelin level on fasted level in scheduled-restricted group (p<0.01) compared to control. Food intake and ghrelin concentration between scheduled-high fat and freely fed or scheduled-standard diets did not show significant changes.

Conclusions
The VMH D2 receptors are possibly involved in controlling scheduled eating behavior, depending on energy balance context.