bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified dynamic boundary conditions (mDBC) for general-purpose smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH): application to tank sloshing, dam break and fish pass problems
Authors: English A. , Domínguez J. M. , Vacondio R. , Crespo A. J. C. , Stansby P. K. , Lind S. J. , Chiapponi L. , Gómez-Gesteira M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDynamic boundary conditions (DBC) for solid surfaces are standard in the weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code DualSPHysics. A stationary solid is simply represented by fixed particles with pressure from the equation of state. Boundaries are easy to set up and computations are relatively stable and efficient, providing robust numerical simulation for complex geometries. However, a small unphysical gap between the fluid and solid boundaries can form, decreasing the accuracy of pressures measured on the boundary. A method is presented where the density of solid particles is obtained from ghost positions within the fluid domain by linear extrapolation. With this approach, the gap between fluid and boundary is reduced and pressures in still water converge to hydrostatic, including the case of a bed with a sharp corner. The violent free-surface cases of a sloshing tank and dam break impact on an obstacle show pressures measured directly on solid surfaces in close agreement with experiments. The complex 3-D flow in a fish pass, with baffles to divert the flow, is simulated showing close agreement with measured water levels with weirs open and gates closed, but less close with gates open and weirs closed. This indicates the method is suitable for rapidly varying free-surface flows, but development for complex turbulent flows is necessary. The code with the modified dynamic boundary condition (mDBC) is available in DualSPHysics to run on CPUs or GPUs.
BAT.jl: A Julia-Based Tool for Bayesian Inference
Authors: Schulz Oliver , Beaujean Frederik , Caldwell Allen , Grunwald Cornelius , Hafych Vasyl , Kröninger Kevin , Cagnina Salvatore La , Röhrig Lars , Shtembari Lolian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe describe the development of a multi-purpose software for Bayesian statistical inference, BAT.jl, written in the Julia language. The major design considerations and implemented algorithms are summarized here, together with a test suite that ensures the proper functioning of the algorithms. We also give an extended example from the realm of physics that demonstrates the functionalities of BAT.jl.
Unsteady simulations of migration and deposition of fly-ash particles in the first-stage turbine of an aero-engine
Authors: Hao Z. , Yang X. , Feng Z. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractParticulate deposits in aero-engine turbines change the profile of blades, increase the blade surface roughness and block internal cooling channels and film cooling holes, which generally leads to the degradation of aerodynamic and cooling performance. To reveal particle deposition effects in the turbine, unsteady simulations were performed by investigating the migration patterns and deposition characteristics of the particle contaminant in a one-stage, high-pressure turbine of an aero-engine. Two typical operating conditions of the aero-engine, i.e. high-temperature take-off and economic cruise, were discussed, and the effects of particle size on the migration and deposition of fly-ash particles were demonstrated. A critical velocity model was applied to predict particle deposition. Comparisons between the stator and rotor were made by presenting the concentration and trajectory of the particles and the resulting deposition patterns on the aerofoil surfaces. Results show that the migration and deposition of the particles in the stator passage is dominated by the flow characteristics of fluid and the property of particles. In the subsequential rotor passage, in addition to these factors, particles are also affected by the stator–rotor interaction and the interference between rotors. With higher inlet temperature and larger diameter of the particle, the quantity of deposits increases and the deposition is distributed mainly on the Pressure Side (PS) and the Leading Edge (LE) of the aerofoil.
Behavioral risk compensation and the efficacy of nonpharmacological interventions
Authors: Kacelnik Oliver , Kacelnik Alex 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has forced governments around the world into drastic measures without the normal evidence base or analyses of consequences. We present a quantitative model that can be used to rapidly assess the introduction and interaction of nonpharmaceutical infection prevention measures (NPI) both in rapid a priori predictions and in real-world a posteriori evaluations. Two of the most popular NPIs are imposing minimum physical interpersonal distancing and the use of face coverings. The success of both measures is highly dependent on the behavior of the public. However, there is very little published information about the interactions between distance, mask wearing, and the behavioral adaptations that they are likely to generate. We explore the relation between these two fundamental NPIs and the behavioral responses that they may induce, considering both risk compensation and social norms enhancement. At present, we do not have the necessary information to parameterize our model to a sufficient degree to generate quantitative, immediately applicable, advice, but we explore a vast parameter space and illustrate how the consequences of such measures can range from highly beneficial to paradoxically harmful in plausible real situations.
Hearing Loss, Tinnitus, and Dizziness in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jafari Zahra , Kolb Bryan E. , Mohajerani Majid H. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT:Objectives:Extensive studies indicate that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) involves human sensory systems. A lack of discussion, however, exists given the auditory–vestibular system involvement in CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19). The present systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to determine the event rate (ER) of hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness caused by SARS-CoV-2.Methods:Databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley) and World Health Organization updates were searched using combined keywords: ‘COVID-19,’ ‘SARS-CoV-2,’ ‘pandemic,’ ‘auditory dysfunction,’ ‘hearing loss,’ ‘tinnitus,’ ‘vestibular dysfunction,’ ‘dizziness,’ ‘vertigo,’ and ‘otologic symptoms.’Results:Twelve papers met the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. These papers were single group prospective, cross-sectional, or retrospective studies on otolaryngologic, neurologic, or general clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and had used subjective assessments for data collection (case histories/medical records). The results of the meta-analysis demonstrate that the ER of hearing loss (3.1%, CIs: 0.01–0.09), tinnitus (4.5%, CIs: 0.012–0.153), and dizziness (12.2%, CIs: 0.070–0.204) is statistically significant in patients with COVID-19 (Z ≤ −4.469, p ≤ 0.001).Conclusions:COVID-19 can cause hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness. These findings, however, should be interpreted with caution given insufficient evidence and heterogeneity among studies. Well-designed studies and follow-up assessments on otologic symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 using standard objective tests are recommended.
Prehospital Response Time of the Emergency Medical Service during Mass Casualty Incidents and the Effect of Triage: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Heemskerk Johan L. , Abode-Iyamah Kingsley O. , Quinones-Hinojosa Alfredo , Weinstein Eric S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjective:Prehospital time affects survival in trauma patients. Mass casualty incidents (MCIs) are overwhelming events where medical care exceeds available resources. This study aimed at evaluating the prehospital time during MCIs and investigating the effect of triage.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed using Florida’s Event Medical Services Tracking and Reporting System database. All patients involved in MCIs during 2018 were accessed, and prehospital time intervals were evaluated and compared to that of non-MCIs. The effect of MCI triage and field triage (Field Triage Criteria) on prehospital time was evaluated.Results:In 2018, it was estimated that 2236 unique MCIs occurred in Florida, with a crude incidence of 10.1-10.9/100000 people. 2180 EMS units arrived at the hospital for patient disposition with a median alarm-to-hospital time of 43.74 minutes, significantly longer than non-MCIs (39.15 min; P < 0.001). MCI triage and field triage were both associated with shorter alarm-to-hospital time (39.37 min and 37.55 min, respectively).Conclusions:MCIs resulted in longer prehospital time intervals than non-MCIs. This finding suggests that additional efforts are needed to reduce the prehospital time for MCI patients. MCI triage and field triage were both associated with shorter alarm-to-hospital times. Widespread use may improve prehospital MCI care.
Politics, audience costs, and signalling: Britain and the 1863–4 Schleswig-Holstein crisis
Authors: Schlesinger Jayme R. , Levy Jack S. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAudience costs theory posits that domestic audiences punish political leaders who make foreign threats but fail to follow through, and that anticipation of audience costs gives more accountable leaders greater leverage in crisis bargaining. We argue, contrary to the theory, that leaders are often unaware of audience costs and their impact on crisis bargaining. We emphasise the role of domestic opposition in undermining a foreign threat, note that opposition can emerge from policy disagreements within the governing party as well as from partisan oppositions, and argue that the resulting costs differ from audience costs. We argue that a leader's experience of audience costs can trigger learning about audience costs dynamics and alter future behaviour. We demonstrate the plausibility of these arguments through a case study of the 1863–4 Schleswig-Holstein crisis. Prime Minister Palmerston's threat against German intervention in the Danish dispute triggered a major domestic debate, which undercut the credibility of the British threat and contributed to both the failure of deterrence and to subsequent British inaction. Parliament formally censured Palmerston, contributing to a learning-driven reorientation in British foreign policy.
Pencils on Surfaces with Normal Crossings and the Kodaira Dimension of
Authors: Agostini Daniele , Barros Ignacio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe study smoothing of pencils of curves on surfaces with normal crossings. As a consequence we show that the canonical divisor of$\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{g,n}$is not pseudoeffective in some range, implying that$\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{12,6}$,$\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{12,7}$,$\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{13,4}$and$\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{14,3}$are uniruled. We provide upper bounds for the Kodaira dimension of$\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{12,8}$and$\overline {\mathcal {M}}_{16}$. We also show that the moduli space of$(4g+5)$-pointed hyperelliptic curves$\overline {\mathcal {H}}_{g,4g+5}$is uniruled. Together with a recent result of Schwarz, this concludes the classification of moduli of pointed hyperelliptic curves with negative Kodaira dimension.
Onomastica episcoporum africae: observations sur l'onomastique des évêques africains de l’époque byzantine (533–709)
Authors: Nsiri Mohamed-Arbi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present several avenues of reflection linked first to the onomastics of the African episcopate of the Byzantine period, then to its development. A quick overview of the most typical characteristics of onomastics of this period will be presented, followed by a description of the remarkable development of this African episcopate between the sixth and the beginning of the eighth century. It will conclude with observations on the African onomastic repertoire of the Protobyzantine era, which reflects the evolution of mentalities within the very interior of the African Christian people and the different circles within it.
The prospects for pluralism in contract theory
Authors: Tan Zhong Xing 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper explores the promise of pluralism in the realm of contract law. I begin by identifying and rejecting conceptual strategies adopted by monistic and dualistic approaches. Turning towards pluralism, I evaluate three versions in contemporary literature: pluralism across contracting spheres and types, pluralism through consensus and convergence, and pluralism through localised values-balancing and practical reasoning. I suggest embracing some pluralism about contract pluralism, by using these models to construct a framework of ‘meta-pluralism’, where at the macro-level, we are concerned with plural spheres of contracting activity; at the meso-level, a variety of trans-substantive interpretive concepts that receive some measure of juristic consensus; and at the micro-level, practical reasoning through particularistic analysis of case-specific considerations. I illustrate the meta-pluralistic framework through a case study on the varieties of specific performance, and explain how the proposed pluralistic framework enriches our understanding of the nature of contract.
Nonaligned Modernism: Yugoslav Culture, Nonaligned Cultural Diplomacy, and Transnational Solidarity
Authors: Videkanić Bojana 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis article examines aspects of the history of socialist Yugoslavia’s contribution to creating a transnational Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) culture. It does so by analyzing cultural diplomacy on the Yugoslav cultural and political scene between the 1950s and 1980s. The cultural diplomacy of Yugoslavia and its nonaligned partners is seen as a form of political agency, paralleling and supplementing larger activities of forming economic and political cooperation in the Global South. Yugoslavia’s role in building NAM culture was instrumental in nurturing nascent transnationalism, which was born out of anti-colonial movements following World War II. Cultural events, bilateral agreements, and cultural institutions were used to complement Yugoslav participation in an anti-colonial, anti-capitalist struggle; they promoted NAM ideals and sought to create transcultural networks that would counter Western cultural hegemony. Such examples of solidarity were based in a modernist cultural ethos, but espoused political, social, and cultural forms that were indigenous to various NAM countries. For Yugoslavia, nonaligned modernism and transnationalism solidified the country’s transition from a hardline, Soviet-style state to a more open, humanist-socialist one. The history of transnational collaboration, examined through the narrative of cultural work, is an example of Yugoslav attempts at building political agency and international cooperation through the promotion of nonaligned ideals.
A hybrid model connecting regulatory interactions with stem cell divisions in the root
Authors: Van den Broeck Lisa , Spurney Ryan J. , Fisher Adam P. , Schwartz Michael , Clark Natalie M. , Nguyen Thomas T. , Madison Imani , Gobble Mariah , Long Terri , Sozzani Rosangela 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Stem cells give rise to the entirety of cells within an organ. Maintaining stem cell identity and coordinately regulating stem cell divisions is crucial for proper development. In plants, mobile proteins, such as WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5) and SHORTROOT (SHR), regulate divisions in the root stem cell niche. However, how these proteins coordinately function to establish systemic behaviour is not well understood. We propose a non-cell autonomous role for WOX5 in the cortex endodermis initial (CEI) and identify a regulator, ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN3)/GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR 1, that coordinates CEI divisions. Here, we show with a multi-scale hybrid model integrating ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and agent-based modeling that quiescent center (QC) and CEI divisions have different dynamics. Specifically, by combining continuous models to describe regulatory networks and agent-based rules, we model systemic behaviour, which led us to predict cell-type-specific expression dynamics of SHR, SCARECROW, WOX5, AN3 and CYCLIND6;1, and experimentally validate CEI cell divisions. Conclusively, our results show an interdependency between CEI and QC divisions.
FEMALE PAIN IN PRUDENTIUS’PERISTEPHANON
Authors: Clarke Jacqueline 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWithin Prudentius’Peristephanonthere are three main episodes which focus upon the torture and/or death of women: the torture and death of Eulalia inPerist. 3, that of Encratis inPerist. 4 and the death of Agnes inPerist. 14. This article compares the variety and types of pain that these women are depicted as undergoing during their martyrdoms, analysing the extent to which gender and sexuality play a role in their responses to pain or to the threat of it. The article first examines the martyrdoms of Agnes and Eulalia and uses these as a basis for analysing the torture of Encratis who is depicted as suffering the most pain and who, even more than the other two, is represented as a liminal figure, not only in terms of gender but also in terms of her status as a living being. A comparison and contrast between Prudentius’ representation of Encratis and his depiction of Loth's wife in hisHamartigeniawill give further insight into the significance of Encratis’ suffering and the way in which the slow and painful decay of her flesh links her with the city she protects. It will be shown how the vulnerability of these martyrs’ female flesh and the threatened or actualized violation of their virginal bodies are rendered at once shocking and their source of triumph over traumatic pain.
Helminth communities of endemic cyprinoids of the Apennine Peninsula, with remarks on ectoparasitic monogeneans, and a description of four new Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 species
Authors: Benovics Michal , Francová Kateřina , Volta Pietro , Dlapka Vojtěch , Šimková Andrea 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe fauna of the Apennine Peninsula is, in comparison to other southern European peninsulas, relatively species-poor regarding the number of endemic cyprinoid species. Nonetheless, the recent introduction of non-native species has significantly increased the total number of freshwater species in this region. Such invasive species may represent a threat to the native fauna, associated among other things with the introduction of non-native parasites with their original hosts.In the present study, we investigated endemic cyprinoid species for the presence of helminth parasites. A total of 36 ectoparasitic monogenean species and five endoparasitic helminth species were collected from ten cyprinoid species in five localities in northern Italy. Out of 20 Dactylogyrus species (gill monogeneans specific to cyprinoids), four were identified as new to science and herein described: Dactylogyrus opertus n. sp. and Dactylogyrus sagittarius n. sp. from Telestes muticellus, Dactylogyrus conchatus n. sp. from T. muticellus and Protochondrostoma genei, and Dactylogyrus globulatus n. sp. from Chondrostoma soetta. All new Dactylogyrus species appear to be endemic to the Apennine Peninsula; however, they share a common evolutionary history with the endemic Dactylogyrus parasitizing cyprinoids of the Balkans. This common origin of cyprinoid-specific parasites supports a historical connection between these two (currently separated) geographical regions.
How Welfare Professions Contribute to the Making of Welfare Governance: Professional Agency and Institutional Work in Elder Care
Authors: CARSTENSEN KATHRINE , BURAU VIOLA , DAHL HANNE MARLENE , NIELSEN HALD ANDREAS 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWelfare governance in elder care has undergone significant changes, but we know less about the processes and actors of making welfare governance. This is problematic, as the concern for process is a key strength of the welfare governance perspective. Based on a case study of elder care in Denmark, and drawing on studies of professions, the aim is to analyse how welfare professions contribute to the making of welfare governance. Our analysis shows that welfare professions bring unique resources into play. They have strong professional agency, drawing on both broader institutional roles and more specific professional projects. The institutional work itself is highly complex and the welfare professions combine not only formal and informal coordination, but also do so in ways that are closely tailored to specific contexts. The analysis makes important empirical and theoretical contributions to the study of welfare governance in elder care.
Global Pests, National Pride, Local Problems, and the Crisis of Hungarian Wine, 1867–1914
Authors: Nemes Robert 
Published: April 2021

AbstractHungary has a long, rich history of wine production. Historians have emphasized wine's importance to the development of both the Hungarian economy and Hungarian nationalism. This article ties together these historiographical threads through a case study of a small village in one of Hungary's most famous wine regions. Tracing the village's history from the 1860s to World War I, the article makes three main claims. First, it demonstrates that from the start, this remote village belonged to wider networks of trade and exchange that stretched across the surrounding region, state, and continent. Second, it shows that even as Magyar elites celebrated the folk culture and peasant smallholders of this region, they also cheered the introduction of what they saw as scientific, rational agriculture. This leads to the last argument: wine achieved its place in the pantheon of Hungarian culture at a moment when the local communities that had grown up around its production and stirred the national imagination were undergoing dramatic and irreversible change.
Evidence-based searching for health technology assessment: keeping up to date with SuRe Info
Authors: Isojärvi Jaana , Glanville Julie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Evidence syntheses of all types have their foundation in literature searches. Literature searching is developing in line with the growing use of evidence synthesis and is also informed, as a field of work, by the spirit of being evidence-based. Increasing numbers of research papers about information retrieval are being published, and keeping up to date with the latest developments in this ever more wide-ranging field is demanding.

Methods
Summarized Research in Information Retrieval for HTA (SuRe Info) is a Web site (http://www.sure-info.org) that summarizes research-based information on effective and efficient evidence identification for the different aspects of health technology assessment (HTA) and evidence synthesis. This paper describes the rationale, processes, and challenges of producing SuRe Info and insights into the pace of development in the field of evidence-based information retrieval. The paper also provides scenarios suggesting how SuRe Info can help searchers in their daily work and with specific questions.

Results
SuRe Info currently comprises seventeen chapters, falling into two categories: (i) chapters about general search methods relating to all types of research and (ii) chapters summarizing the methods to use when searching for specific aspects of HTA (as defined in the HTA Core Model® by the European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA)).

Conclusions
SuRe Info is not a substitute for methods handbooks, but by providing an overview of current research evidence for major issues in information retrieval in HTA, it helps searchers in this field to keep abreast of the latest research.