bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conventional Radiography and Ultrasound Imaging of Rheumatic Diseases Affecting the Pediatric Population
Authors: Pracoń Grzegorz , Aparisi Gómez Maria Pilar , Simoni Paolo , Gietka Piotr , Sudoł-Szopińska Iwona 
Published: May 2021

AbstractJuvenile idiopathic arthritis is the most frequent rheumatic disease in the pediatric population, followed by systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile scleroderma syndromes, juvenile dermatomyositis, chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, and juvenile vasculopathies. The imaging approach to inflammatory connective tissue diseases in childhood has not changed dramatically over the last decade, with radiographs still the leading method for bony pathology assessment, disease monitoring, and evaluation of growth disturbances. Ultrasonography is commonly used for early detection of alterations within the intra- and periarticular soft tissues, assessing their advancement and also disease monitoring. It offers several advantages in young patients including nonionizing radiation exposure, short examination time, and high resolution, allowing a detailed evaluation of the musculoskeletal system for the features of arthritis, tenosynovitis, enthesitis, bursitis, myositis, as well as pathologies of the skin, subdermis, vessels, and fasciae. In this pictorial essay we discuss radiographic and ultrasound inflammatory features of autoimmune pediatric inflammatory arthropathies: juvenile idiopathic arthritis, lupus erythematosus, juvenile scleroderma, juvenile dermatomyositis and polymyositis.
MR Imaging of Rheumatic Diseases Affecting the Pediatric Population
Authors: Schiettecatte Eva , Jans Lennart , Jaremko Jacob Lester , Chen Min , Vande Walle Caroline , Herregods Nele 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article reviews the application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to pediatric rheumatic diseases. MRI can detect early manifestations of arthritis, evaluate the extent of disease, and monitor disease activity and response to treatment.Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common pediatric rheumatic disorder, representing a diverse group of related diseases that share a definition of joint inflammation of unknown origin with onset before 16 years of age and lasting > 6 weeks. JIA may lead to significant functional impairment and is increasingly imaged with MRI to assess for active inflammation as a target for therapy. This is particularly true for juvenile spondyloarthritis that includes multiple subgroups of JIA and primarily involves the spine and sacroiliac joints.Other less common pediatric rheumatic diseases considered here are chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis and collagen vascular diseases including polymyositis, dermatomyositis, scleroderma, and juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus.
ALDH7A1 Gene and Its Related Pyridoxine-Dependent Epilepsy
Authors: La Mendola Flavia Maria Consuelo , Timpanaro Tiziana , Caruso Daniela , Garozzo Maria Teresa , Presti Santiago , Romano Catia , Praticò Elena R. , Lombardo Giulia , Zanghì Antonio , Falsaperla Raffaele 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDespite being classically reported as caused by mutations in solute carriers genes (SLC2A1), it has been recently shown that also mutations in ALDH7A1 can cause pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE). ALDH7A1 is a gene encoding for the antiquitin, an enzyme that catalyzes the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent dehydrogenation of L-α-aminoadipic semialdehyde/L-Δ1-piperideine 6-carboxylate. It is a highly treatable disorder, but nevertheless it is still not certain when to consider this diagnosis and how to test for it. It is possible to identify a classical form and an atypical one of PDE associated with more than 70 mutations of ALDH7A1 gene. The typical form is characterized by the onset of seizures within the first month of life and can be treated with pyridoxine in monotherapy, as they are not responsive to traditional anticonvulsant therapy. The atypical forms are equally pyridoxine-dependent, but are characterized by a later onset of seizures, sometimes up to the age of 3 years. Several brain abnormalities have been associated with ALDH7A1 mutations. Seizure control is achieved by the administration of high-dose pyridoxine, which must be started in the patient as soon as possible. However, it has been observed that pyridoxine therapy does not prevent developmental delay in most cases; in these cases, it can be recommended and useful to supplement arginine with pyridoxine therapy associated with a dietary restriction of lysine.
Musculoskeletal Interventional Radiology in the Pediatric Population: State of the Art
Authors: Arrigoni Francesco , Izzo Antonio , Bruno Federico , Palumbo Pierpaolo , De Filippo Massimo , Zugaro Luigi , Masciocchi Carlo , Barile Antonio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractInterventional radiology procedures have been proven to be as effective as traditional surgery but usually are characterized by lower morbidity rates. In this article, the most diffuse IR treatments for pediatric lesions are reviewed with the aim of describing main advantages and drawbacks. Ablation procedures (in particular RFA and MRgFUS) are widely used for the management of osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma whereas intracystic injection of methylprednisolone acetate is performed for simple bone cysts. Sclerosing agents and where possible, selective arterial embolization are used for treatment of aneurysmal bone cysts and other vascular malformations. In the management of malignant muscoloskeletal tumors, the role interventional radiology is mainly represented by percutaneous biopsies, and by adiuvant selective embolizations in presence of hypervascular lesions to be submitted to surgery.
On their own turf? The level-specificity of political trust in multilevel political systems
Authors: Proszowska Dominika , Jansen Giedo , Denters Bas 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough the debate on roots of political trust is ongoing, many scholars agree on the relevance of such political factors as political/ideological distance between citizens and incumbents, political responsiveness and perceptions of performance. Less clear is to what extent such trust evaluations are generalized or specific for the three main political arenas in the European multilevel governance system (EU, national, local). With new data from the Netherlands, we demonstrate that trust in local, national and EU governments (1) is largely level-specific (i.e. is based on citizens’ perceptions of incumbents at a particular governance level) (2) and—at all three levels—is explained by level-specific political factors. This shows that political trust is a subjectively rational evaluation and that citizens develop meaningful political orientations vis-à-vis governments at different levels. Therefore, trust spillovers may be less relevant for explaining political trust in multilevel governance than assumed in previous research as executive governments at local, national and EU levels are judged “on their own turf”.
Development of a Langmuir probe array for radial potential profile measurement in the collisional merging formation FRC
Authors: Akashi K. , Iijima Y. , Kobayashi D. , Asai T. , Roche T. , Morelli J. 
Published: May 2021

The radial electric field in a field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasma plays an important role in the global stability and confinement properties. Herein, we developed a new Langmuir probe array named “Skewered probe” employed in measuring the radial potential profile in the collisional merging formation of an FRC in the FAT-CM (FRC Amplification via Translation - Collisional Merging) device. Because an FRC has a strong toroidal flow, the skewered probe consists of alternately skewered ring electrodes and ceramic beads on a thin stainless-steel tube to neutralize the effect of plasma flow. The developed array has nine electrodes, one every 2 cm from r = 9–25 cm, and it measures the FRC boundary in the case when the radius of the excluded flux ranges from 10 to 20 cm. The skewered probe also has one additional electrode that measures the potential near the chamber wall as a reference for the other electrodes. The radial potential profile of the FRC formed by the collisional merging method in the FAT-CM device was measured using the probe, and the results showed that the region of negative potential gradually changed to a positive potential after merging the FRCs. It was also shown that a strong outward electric field is formed near the separatrix at n = 2 rotational instability.
Oncogenic KRAS engages an RSK1/NF1 pathway to inhibit wild-type RAS signaling in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Cheng Derek K. , Oni Tobiloba E. , Thalappillil Jennifer S. , Park Youngkyu , Ting Hsiu-Chi , Alagesan Brinda , Prasad Nadia V. , Addison Kenneth , Rivera Keith D. , Pappin Darryl J. , Van Aelst Linda , Tuveson David A. 
Published: May 2021

Significance
For decades, KRAS interactors have been sought after as potential therapeutic targets in KRAS mutant cancers, especially pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Our proximity labeling screen with KRAS in PDAC cells highlights RSK1 as a notable mutant-specific interactor. Functionally, we show that RSK1 mediates negative feedback on wild-type (WT) KRAS in PDAC cells. Targeting oncogenic KRAS eliminates the negative feedback on WT RAS and highlights a role for WT RAS signaling in promoting adaptive resistance to mutant KRAS ablation.
Hydrodynamic shear dissipation and transmission in lipid bilayers
Authors: Amador Guillermo J. , van Dijk Dennis , Kieffer Roland , Aubin-Tam Marie-Eve , Tam Daniel 
Published: May 2021

Significance
Lipid bilayers constitute the matrix of cellular membranes and synthetic vesicles used in drug delivery. This self-assembled structure is only a few nanometers thick but provides an effective barrier between aqueous fluids. The response of lipid bilayers to shear stresses induced by surrounding fluid flows can trigger biophysical processes in cells and influence the efficacy of drug delivery by synthetic vesicles. Here, we use optical tweezers to apply and measure local hydrodynamic shear stresses on both sides of a freestanding lipid bilayer. With this method, we determine the rheological properties of bilayers and capture a previously unreported phenomenon when the intermonolayer friction is so low that the monolayers slip past each other and hydrodynamic shear is not transmitted through the bilayer.
Drosophila suzukii (spotted wing drosophila).
Authors: Ioriatti Claudio , Stacconi Marco , Anfor Gianfranco 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The fruit fly D. suzukii is a fruit crop pest and is a serious economic threat to soft summer fruit. A polyphagous pest, it infests a wide range of fruit crops, included grape, as well as an increasing number of wild fruits. D. suzukii is an economically damaging pest because the females are able to infest thin-skinned fruits before harvest and the larvae destroy the fruit pulp by feeding. The species is endemic in Asia. It was first recorded as invasive in Hawaii in 1980 and then simultaneously in California and in Europe in 2008. Since 2008 it has spread rapidly throughout the temperate regions of North America and Europe, due to global trade and the initial lack of regulation over the spread of any Drosophila. This species has a high reproductive rate and short generation time; D. suzukii can theoretically have up to 13 generations per year, which may contribute towards rapid spread, given available suitable hosts. D. suzukii is listed on the EPPO alert list.
Agropyron mosaic virus (Agropyron mosaic virus).
Authors: Stewart Lucy , Hodge Brian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

AgMV has been reported in North America and Europe and is not considered a major pathogen on wheat, although it has pathogenic potential if present at high incidences (Slykhuis, 1962a). AgMV is transmitted by the widely distributed eriophyid mite Abacarus hystrix and can be mechanically transmitted by rub-inoculation with infected plant sap experimentally. No clear evidence is available of AgMV increasing in distribution.
Experimental evaluation of uncertainty in sub-nanometer metrology using transmission electron microscopy due to magnification variation
Authors: Kobayashi Keita , Misumi Ichiko , Yamamoto Kazuhiro 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Uncertainties due to the magnification variation in sub-nanometer metrology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were experimentally evaluated by comparing the measured values of the (220) lattice spacing of a crystalline Si specimen acquired under various conditions. Interday variation of the magnification, intraday repeatability, rotation of the TEM image, specimen exchange, specimen position, defocusing, magnetic hysteresis of the lenses, projection lens distortion, and measurement errors were considered as the uncertainty components. The obtained results reveal that the major uncertainty components are the interday magnification variation, intraday repeatability involving nonuniformity of the specimen structure, magnetic hysteresis of the intermediate lenses, and projection lens distortion. Among these components, it is expected to be feasible to suppress the interday magnification variation to a negligible level by daily magnification calibration, suggesting that minimizing the uncertainties due to magnetic hysteresis of the intermediate lenses, projection lens distortion, and nonuniformity of the specimen structure will be the key factor for further reducing the uncertainty of sub-nanometer metrology using TEM. Furthermore, we found that magnification calibration using an appropriate reference material (e.g. the lattice fringes of crystalline Si) before every measurement should enables sub-nanometer metrology with a relative uncertainty of 3.2%, even if the specimen is introduced into the TEM system by specimen exchange after magnification calibration.
Using a simplified ripple tank and video analysis to visualise and quantify the Doppler effect
Authors: Thy Savrin , Iwayama Tsutomu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study presents an experimental method that illustrates and quantifies the Doppler-effect phenomenon. Two stages of the experimental process were carried out. First, a simplified ripple tank was used to depict the Doppler effect, and the whole experiment was recorded by a digital camera. Second, video analyses of the recorded experiment were conducted to quantify the Doppler effect. The experiment showed (a) that the Doppler-shift waves can be visualised clearly using the simplified ripple tank, and (b) that the observed number of waves in such an experiment is consistent with the theoretically expected number, with an error rate of less than 5%. This study proves that using a video-recorded ripple tank experiment to teach and learn the phenomenon of the Doppler effect can be highly efficient, because the method provides clear visualisation and accurate quantification of the Doppler effect.
GV m−1 on-chip particle accelerator driven by few-cycle femtosecond laser pulse
Authors: Sun Li , Liu Weihao , Zhou Jie , Zhu Yunliang , Yu Zijia , Liu Yucheng , Jia Qika , Sun Baogen , Xu Hongliang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Particle accelerator on chip with high acceleration gradient has been an unremitting goal of researchers. Dielectric laser accelerator (DLA) is a possible candidate to achieve this goal. However, due to the limitation of dielectric breakdown, it is difficult for the available DLAs to reach an acceleration gradient as high as 1 GV m−1 since a long-duration multi-cycle laser pulse with high fluence have to be used. Here we propose to use a few-cycle laser pulse to drive a DLA based on the inverse Cherekov radiation effect. It significantly reduces the required pulse duration and the laser fluence, remarkably increasing the achievable acceleration gradient. Moreover, by using a cascade acceleration scheme, we realize a high energy-gain acceleration for low-energy electrons in a microscale device by simulation, which paves the way for the development of a fully on-chip particle accelerator.
A fully nonlinear solitary wave in six-component dusty cometary plasma
Authors: Bedeir Ahmed M , Abulwafa Essam M , Elhanbaly Atalla M , Mahmoud Abeer A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The dynamics of fully nonlinear structure of six-component dusty cometary plasma system with the help of Sagdeev pseudo-potential techniques have been investigated. This plasma system is made up of Oxygen (positively and negatively charged) ion pair, negatively charged dust particles, and kappa distributed ions of Hydrogen, hot solar electrons and slightly colder cometary electrons. The linear analysis is carried out and the linear dispersion relation is obtained and investigated with some relevant plasma parameters. As a result, the velocities in the fluid equations are normalized to a general acoustic speed instead of the particular form of acoustic speed. Employing pseudo-potential approach, the basic equations of plasma system were reduced to a single nonlinear ordinary differential equation (energy-balance). By means of Sagdeev potential curves and bifurcation analysis of phase-portrait, the existence and propagation of nonlinear waves are examined. In addition to the periodic solution, it is shown that the localized negative and positive amplitude electrostatic pulses may (co-) exist and propagate in plasma system depending on the Mach number intervals. The impact of some intrinsic plasma parameters on the main features of the solitary wave electrostatic potential profile and the associated electrostatic field are extensively investigated. The results of this research are relevant to plasmas in both laboratory plasmas and exclusively in space plasmas as, comet tails, rings of giant planets, solar wind, interstellar clouds, etc.
Effective field theory analysis of composite higgsino-like and wino-like thermal relic dark matter
Authors: Geytenbeek Ben , Gripaios Ben 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
We study the effective field theory (including operators up to
dimension five) of models in which dark matter is composite, consisting of
either an electroweak doublet Dirac fermion (`higgsino-like dark matter') or an
electroweak triplet Majorana fermion (`wino-like dark
matter'). Some of the dimension-five operators in the former case cause mass splittings
between the neutralino and chargino states, leading to a depleted rate
of coannihilations and viable thermal relic dark matter with masses of
the order of tens to hundreds of GeV rather than the usual pure higgsino thermal relic
mass of 1 TeV. No such effects are found in the latter case (where the usual thermal relic
mass is 3 TeV). Other operators, present for both wino- and higgsino-like dark matter, correspond to inelastic electromagnetic
dipole moment interactions and annihilation through these can lead to
viable models with dark matter masses up by an order of magnitude compared to the usual values.
Short communication – The first inventory of the nest placement of horseshoe crab (Tachypleus gigas) in Indonesia
Authors: Aini N K , Wardiatno Y , Mashar A , Effendi H , Madduppa H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Previous studies have reported that extant horseshoe crabs, including Atlantic and Asian horseshoe crab, spawned in intertidal zone during high tide season. Limited information about spawning nest of the horseshoe crab especially Tachypleus gigas in Indonesia has not been known yet. Moreover, according to the IUCN, the conservation status of T. gigas is still data deficient. During the fieldwork, we found the location that indicated as the spawning ground or nest placement of T. gigas. This is the first time when the spawning area of horseshoe crab is found in Subang, Indonesia. There were three clutches of eggs and the total number was 375-534 eggs in varying depth (5-20 cm) below the sand. The second observation in the same location on January 16, 2020, found a pair of T. gigas laying their eggs and the number was 244 eggs in varying depth (5-15 cm). The characteristics of nest placement of T. gigas that found in Subang was located on the small island in the middle of the sea. The island is an uninhabited island that has mangrove area and sandy substrate. Thus, based on what was found Burung island indicated as the spawning ground of coastal horseshoe crab (T. gigas).
Bioaccumulation of non-essential heavy metals in fish in Ir H Djuanda Reservoir, West Java
Authors: Astuti L P , Warsa A , Nurfiarini A , Tjahjo D W H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ir. H. Djuanda or Jatiluhur Reservoir dam the Citarum River, a heavily polluted river. The polluted river causing the pollution of water of the reservoir as well as the contamination of aquatic biota, including fish in the reservoir. The research aimed to determine the bioaccumulation of non-essential heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, As, and Cr) in fish of the reservoir. The research was conducted in July 2018. Water and sediment samples were taken from 4 stations representing parts of the Citarum River inlet, Cilalawi River inlet, and floating net cages area. Fish samples collected consist of wild fish and cultivated fish, namely carp, tilapia, and pangasius. The results showed that the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Hg, As, and Cr were not detected in reservoir water. Heavy metals of Pb, Cd, and Cr detected in the sediment were 2.56-6.12; 0.04-0.08; and 2.621-6.,013 ppm respectively. Heavy metal detected in wild fish and cultivated fish were only Cr, ranged 0.039-0.205 ppm. The value of the Bio-Concentration Factor (BCF) was very low so that the fish belongs to the low accumulate category of heavy metals and therefore, it was safe for consumption.
The estimation of the coastal fisheries resources quantity based on waterbirds in the Ujung Pangkah Region, Gresik Regency, East Java
Authors: Budiman M A K , Kurniawan F , Zairion  , Damar A 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWaterbirds are a group of birds that have a high dependence on natural and artificial aquatic habitats. Its existence indicates the availability of sufficient feed at that location. This is related to bird habitat preference, which always makes feed one of the basic things to fulfill their daily needs. The Ujung Pangkah area is an estuary habitat occupied by waterbirds, both resident and migratory birds. Therefore this area provides sufficient feedstock for the existing waterbirds. Most of the aquatic bird feed is aquatic animals that live in aquatic ecosystems. This research is expected to provide a general description of the relationship between waterbirds and the number of fishery resources. The research was conducted in November 2019 in six locations in the Ujung Pangkah Region, Gresik Regency, East Java. The study results found that the waterbird population’shighest density of the was found in Kalianyar with a density of 3,878.98 ind/ha. In line with this, Kalianyar has become a high location for stocks of fishery resources. A total of 8,880,000 ind/ha benthic and 29.30 ind/ha necton were found in this location.