bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decades Changes in Prevalence of Disability and Comorbidities’Impact on Elderly with Diabetic in China: Multivariate Decomposition Analysis of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey Data
Authors: Liao Shaohong , Song Chunling 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: In China, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing and the prevalence of disability in the elderly population is decreasing. However, few studies have analyzed the change of ADL or IADL disability and the influence of comorbidity in elderly patients with diabetes in China using national data. Methods: Based on data from Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2008 to 2018, this study not only explored the trend of Chinese elderly prevalence of diabetes and disability but using multivariate decomposition method analyzed the influence of comorbidity in patient’s disability with diabetes between 2008 and 2018. Results: The prevalence of diabetes among the elderly in China increased from 4.2 percent in 2008 to 13.5 percent in 2018, with a larger increase among women, and the prevalence of diabetes in the elderly was lower than that in the younger age group. For older adults with diabetes, the estimated likelihood of ADL having at least one difficulty decreased from 8.3 percent in 2008 to 6.3 percent in 2018. The proportion of women with diabetes with at least one difficulty in IADL increased and decreased in men. The decrease of underweight contributed the most to the decrease of ADL and IADL in men, accounting for 52.8% and 61.4%, respectively. The decrease in the proportion of somatic comorbidities, underweight, and negative emotions was associated with a decrease in the likelihood of having at least one difficulty in ADL in women with diabetes (14.8%, 23.8%, and 30.3%, respectively). Comorbidities had no significant effect on the increased probability of women having at least one difficulty with IADL. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of diabetes in older Chinese adults increased over time, the proportion of male and female adults with at least one difficulty in IADL decreased over time, except for a slight increase in the proportion of female adults in IADL. The proportion of underweight and negative emotion in diabetic patients showed a decreasing trend, which to a certain extent inhibited the negative impact of the increase in the prevalence of somatic comorbidities and elderly disability. The results of this study partially support the "dynamic equilibrium" hypothesis of diabetes incidence. Keywords: Comorbidities in diabetic, Disability, Multivariate decomposition method, Dynamic equilibrium
Vaspin Alleviates Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting NLRP3-mediated Inflammation
Authors: Zhu Xianjie , Dai Shiyou , Xia Baohua , Gong Jianbao , Ma Bingzheng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint bone disease characterized by cartilage degradation. Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) is associated with the inflammatory and metabolic responses to OA. However, the underlying mechanisms of the pathological process of OA are not clear. The aim of the present study was to examine the protective effects of vaspin both in vitro and in vivo.Methods:Monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced Wistar rat model of OA was used to assess the in vivo effects of vaspin administered for 12 weeks. The characteristics of OA were evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and safranin O/fast green staining. The anti-inflammatory effect of vaspin was assessed using immunohistochemical, qRT-PCR, and western blotting analysis. Parallel experiments to detect the molecular mechanism through which vaspin prevents OA were performed using LPS-treated chondrocytes.Results:Our results showed that the degeneration of cartilage and upregulated expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-13 were ameliorated by vaspin. Additionally, vaspin suppressed the activation of TXNIP/NLRP3 and secretion of tumor necrosis factor ɑ and interleukin-1β in vivo. It was further confirmed that vaspin could also suppress LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reduce collagen formation in chondrocytes. Moreover, vaspin inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation by suppressing the ROS/TXNIP pathway.Conclusions: Vaspin inhibited OA by repressing TXNIP/NLRP3 activation in in vitro and in vivo models of OA, thus providing a novel therapeutic strategy for OA.
Pathological Features of Lymph Nodes Around Inferior Mesenteric Artery in Rectal Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Jiang Chunhui , Liu Ye , Xu Chunjie , Shen Yanying , Xu Qing , Lei Gu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Objective: To explore the pathological characteristics of lymph nodes around inferior mesenteric artery in rectal cancer, and to explore its risk factors and its impact on tumor staging.Methods: Cases of rectal cancer patients underwent proctectomy surgery were collected in this study. Clinical features of patients, including gender, age, BMI, tumor size, pathological type, differentiation, nerve invasion, lymph nodes, tumor marker and pathological examinations were analyzed.Results: A total of 485 cases were included in this study. There were 29 cases with IMA-LN metastasis, the metastasis rate was 5.98% (29/485). Positive IMA-LNs were associated with distance from anal verge, CEA, pathological type, differentiation, nerve invasion, T stage and N stage. Multivariate analysis showed that distance from anal verge, CEA level, differentiation, and T stage were independent risk factors for positive IMA-LNs.Conclusion: Distance from anal verge, CEA level, differentiation, and T stage were independent risk factors for positive IMA-LNs. No skip metastasis occurred in IMA-LNs. We should choose the appropriate surgical methods to achieve better oncological results and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.
Assessment of Transition Readiness in Adolescents with Rheumatic Diseases: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kittivisuit Sirinthip , Lerkvaleekul Butsabong , Soponkanaporn Sirisucha , Ngamjanyaporn Pintip , Vilaiyuk Soamarat 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background: Most childhood-onset rheumatic diseases are chronic health conditions, which need long-term care throughout adulthood. A well-organized transition care is challenging and patient assessment of transition skills is needed for transfer preparation to adult care setting. The Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) is used to assess transition skills in chronically ill patients. Currently, limited transition skill assessment data exist in pediatric patients with rheumatic diseases, especially in Asian countries. This study aimed to determine the transition readiness skills in patients with rheumatic diseases and ascertain predictive factors contributing to low transition readiness skills.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. All patients with rheumatic diseases aged 15-24 years were recruited. The TRAQ was cross-culturally adapted into the Thai language with good internal consistency and reliability. Patients completed the Thai TRAQ at the recent clinic visit and took the re-test at a 2-week interval. Demographic data, baseline characteristics, clinical manifestations, and disease status were collected. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: A total of 123 patients with a mean age of 17.8 ± 2.2 years were included. Median (IQR) disease duration was 6.76 (6.05) years. The most common rheumatic disease was juvenile idiopathic arthritis (47.15%), followed by systemic lupus erythematosus (36.59%). The mean TRAQ score was 3.90 ± 0.68. Studying for a bachelor's degree (odds ratio [OR] 4.64, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68–12.80) and independent clinic visits (OR 4.07, 95% CI 1.35–12.22) were predictors of a higher TRAQ score. Lack of knowledge on health insurance coverage and financial management were two issues causing lower TRAQ scores. Furthermore, patients with inactive disease status (OR 5.60, 95% CI 1.20–26.14) and patients, who had dependent clinic visits (OR 4.13, 95% CI 1.60–10.67), had more opportunities of getting lower TRAQ scores.Conclusions: Patients with a higher level of education had a higher chance of successfully transitioning to adult care, whereas patients, who had inactive disease and dependent clinic visits, had less transition readiness skills. Physicians and parents should educate their children on independent living skills and paying particular attention to two issues: health insurance coverage and financial management.
Understanding International Agenda using Media Analytics: The case of Disaster News Coverage in Indonesia
Authors: Aritenang Adiwan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Recently, the flow of data has increased rapidly in terms of volume, velocity, variety, veracity, and value (5Vs). One of the potential sources of data is the worldwide news provided by the Global Data on Event Location and Tone (GDELT) project that reports events. The large database on global events allow the platform as a source for big data analysis that potentially signify our understanding on the extent of event reports. This paper questions the inter-news coverage between foreign and domestic media on the earthquake and tsunami in Palu and Donggala. The paper conducts two main analysis; first, exploratory of news reported from selected countries with highest size of aid (USA, Australia, Europe and Japan) and vice versa, Indonesia news on the respective countries aid activities. Second, media linkages are captured using visualization with statistical graph and spatial flow of news. The paper found that the dynamic of news broadcast on disaster are varied between countries and its coverage fluctuated in all countries. The paper contributes to presence of newsworthiness on disaster news coverage, and consequently lack of coverage on disaster meaning and mitigation plans.
Salicylic Acid Signals Recruit the Rhizosphere Microbiome Cooperate Resistance to Watermelon Fusarium Wilt
Authors: zhu feiying , FANG YONG , Wang Zhiwei , CHEN XI , Luo Zhengliang , Xiao Langtao , Wang Ruozhong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Aims: In order to find out the mechanism of how salicylic acid signal recruit soil microorganisms to explain their cooperate resistance to Fusarium wilt disease in watermelon plants. Methods: In this experiment, we have examined the soil microbial diversity at three different sampling times after salicylic acid application by metagenomic using Illumina Novaseq6000 platform. Results: The results showed that the incidence of Watermelon Fusarium Wilt was significantly lower than control group after SA application. Notably, our results indicated that the application of salicylic acid recruit soil microbial communities in watermelon plants. Furthermore, the soil microbial metabolic pathway and microbial function were significantly different after SA treatment which is beneficial to the antagonism of plants against pathogens. Conclusion: Therefore, our results suggested that the induced resistant observed in watermelon against Fusarium wilt might be a case of cooperate resistance dependent on salicylic acid signals to recruit soil microorganisms.
Dapagliflozin: a Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor, Attenuates Angiotensin II-induced Cardiac Fibrotic Remodeling by Regulating TGFβ1/ Smad Signaling
Authors: Zhang Yuze , Lin Xiaoyan , Chu Yong , Chen Xiaoming , Du Heng , Zhang Hailin , Xu Changsheng , Xie Hong , Ruan Qinyun , Lin Jinxiu , Liu Jie , Zeng Jinzhang , Ma Ke , Chai Dajun 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background:Cardiac remodeling is one of the major risk factors for heart failure. In patients with type 2 diabetes, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce the risk of the first hospitalization for heart failure, possibly through glucose-independent mechanisms, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study aimed to shed light on the efficacy of dapagliflozin in reducing cardiac remodeling and potential mechanisms.Methods:Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, induced by chronic infusion of Angiotensin II (Ang II) at a dose of 520 ng/kg per minute for 4 weeks with ALZET® mini-osmotic pumps, were treated with either SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA) or vehicle alone. Echocardiography was performed to determine cardiac structure and function. Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) were treated with Ang II with or without the indicated concentration of DAPA. The protein levels of collagen and TGF-β1/Smad signaling were measured along with body weight, and blood biochemical indexes.Results:DAPA treatment resulted in the amelioration of left ventricular dysfunction in Ang II-infused SD rats without affecting blood glucose and blood pressure. Myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis and increased collagen synthesis caused by Ang II infusion were significantly inhibited by DAPA treatment. In vitro, DAPA inhibit the Ang II-induced collagen production of CFs. Immunoblot with heart tissue homogenates from chronic Ang II-infused rats revealed that DAPA inhibited the activation of TGF-β1/Smads signaling.Conclusion:DAPA ameliorates Ang II-induced cardiac remodeling by regulating the TGF-β1/Smad signaling in a glucose-independent manner. DAPA may serve as a novel therapy for pathological cardiac remodeling.
Discharge from the Emergency Department and Early Hospital Revaluation in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: an Observational Study
Authors: Mattioli Massimo , Benfaremo Devis , Fulgenzi Francesca , Gennarini Silvia , Mucci Luciano , Lambertini Margherita , Padiglione Francesca , Brugnera Ramona , Gabrielli Barbara , Giorgino Flavia , Capalbo Maria , Berselli Edoardo , Moroncini Gianluca , Frausini Gabriele , Gnudi Umberto 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Health National Systems world-wide are facing the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. We purpose an outpatient management for patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 related pneumonia at risk of progression, after discharge from Emergency Department (ED).Methods This was a single-center prospective observational study. We enrolled patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, without hypoxemic respiratory failure, and at least one of the following: age ≥ 65 or presence of one or more comorbidities or pneumonia involvement > 25% on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT). The ambulatorial visit was performed after at least 48 hours, then patients could be discharged, admitted for hospitalization, or deferred for a further visit. As a control, we evaluated a historical cohort of patients hospitalized with comparable clinical and radiological features.Results A total of 84 patients were enrolled (51 M, mean age 62.8 y). Two-thirds of patients had at least one comorbidity and 41.6% had a lung involvement > 25% at HRCT; the mean duration of symptoms was 8 ± 3 days and the mean PaO2/FiO2 ratio 357.5 ± 38.6. At the end of the follow-up period, 69 patients had been discharged and 15 hospitalized (mean stay 6 days). Older age and higher NEWS2 were significant predictors of hospitalization at the first follow-up visit. One hospitalized patient died of septic shock. In the control group, the mean hospital stay was 8 days.Conclusions Adopting a “discharge and early revaluation” strategy appear to be safe and feasible. This approach may help to optimize hospital resources during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
Time-dependent Plume Front Positioning and Its Dynamics Coupled With Seasonal River Efflux
Authors: Seena G. , Muraleedharan K. R. , Revichandran C. , Azeez S. Abdul , John Sebin , Nair Ravikumar C. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The time-dependent plume front fluctuation concerning different tidal phases and its dynamics coupled with seasonal river efflux in the shelf off Kochi, south west coast of India, were investigated using Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM). The region is linked with a monsoonal estuary, featured by mixed semi-diurnal tide (1 m) and exhibited a highly complicated plume pattern. The rivalry between river efflux with tidal phases create plume fronts in the shelf, whose gradients fortified or weakened by mixing dynamics. Eventhough the incessant river efflux in the summer monsoon impart significant momentum in the shelf, the range of frontal fluctuation was curtailed to 2 km by strong monsoon currents. During transient phase of the season (fall inter-monsoon), the tidal forcings on plume positioning overwhelm the shelf currents, such that the plume front fluctuate between 6-17 km (range increased to ~11 km) from the inlet. In low tides, the region near to the inlets was almost homogenized (Rd<1). While, it gets more stratified in high tides due to the transport of high saline ambient water towards the inlet and also by the decreasing kinetic energy (Rd>1). The location of frontal zones suitable for the propagation of nonlinear waves (F≤1)will change in respect to the competition between river efflux and tide-topography interaction. The strong stratified plume front regions with increased Brunt Vaisala Frequency (BVF) in summer monsoon behave as active zones of non linear wave propagation only when the plume front decelerates from supercritical to subcritical. During dry season, the F≤1 was satisfied at limited locations, but the absence of BVFmax zone (frequency >0.3 s-1) revealed that the amplitude of such nonlinear waves would be considerably small. The study divulge that tidally pulsating plume front fluctuates between 3-18 km from inlet and also highlights that the propagation of nonlinear waves with considerable amplitude will depend on both the plume front velocity and the Brunt Vaisala Frequency of the water column.
A multi-enzyme cascade for efficient production of D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine from L-tyrosine
Authors: Tan Xu , Zhang Sheng , Song Wei , Liu Jia , Gao Cong , Chen Xiulai , Liu Liming , Wu Jing 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this study, we designed and in vivo reconstructed a novel four-enzyme cascade pathway for the production of D-HPG, a valuable intermediate used to produce β-lactam antibiotics and for fine-chemical synthesis, from L-tyrosine. In this pathway, we identified catalytic conversion of the substrate 4-hydroxyphenylglyoxylic acid by meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgDAPDH) as the rate-limiting step, followed by application of a mechanism-guided “conformation rotation” strategy to decrease the hydride-transfer distance d(C6HDAP−C4NNADP) and increase CgDAPDH activity. Introduction of the best variant generated by protein engineering (CgDAPDHBC621/D120S/W144S/I169P with 5.32 ± 0.85 U·mg− 1 specific activity) into the designed pathway resulted in a D-HPG titer of 42.69 g/L from 50 g/L L-tyrosine in 24 h with 92.5% conversion and > 99% ee in a 3-L fermenter, representing the highest reported D-HPG titer to date. This four-enzyme cascade provides a novel and effective enzymatic approach to industrial production of D-HPG from cheap amino acids.
Scenarios of sustainable irrigation expansion in the 21st century
Authors: Maanen Nicole van , Andrijevic Marina , Rosa Lorenzo , Lejeune Quentin , Schleussner Carl-Friedrich 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Irrigation expansion onto rainfed croplands is an important part of the portfolio of agricultural measures, contributing to a more resilient crop production while enhancing agricultural yields. Existing global assessments of irrigation illustrate the biophysical potential, but generally do not account for socioeconomic and environmental constraints to irrigation deployment. Here we provide scenarios of regionalized sustainable irrigation expansion linked to socioeconomic projections from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways framework, while accounting for biophysical irrigation limits. Under a Sustainability scenario, we find that sustainable irrigation could feed 2 billion people globally by 2100. With an additional 90 million people, sub-Saharan Africa is the region with the highest percentage increase in people fed via sustainable irrigation deployment. However, even under the most optimistic scenarios only half of the theoretically possible global biophysical irrigation potential would be utilized after accounting for socioeconomic constraints. Our results highlight the need for appropriate representation of socioeconomic factors in scenarios of future irrigation deployment.
Responses of Soil C-, N-, and P-Hydrolyzing Enzyme Activities to N and P Addition in an Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest in Southwest China
Authors: Liu Xing , Zhou Shixing , Tie Liehua , Wei Shengzhao , Hu Junxi , Liu Xiong , Yang Shuai , Yang Yudie , Xiao Lin , Cui Xinglei , Lai Jiaming , Zhao Anjiu , Huang Congde 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims

Human activities-mediated input of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to ecosystem may significantly affect soil hydrolyzing enzyme activities (Hy-EAs). However, the mechanisms underlying the responses of soil Hy-EAs to change in N and P availability remains unclear.
Methods

Here, a two-year field N and P addition experiment was conducted in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest to elucidate the effects of N addition, P addition, and NP co-additions on soil Hy-EAs and biochemistry properties.
Results

The invertase, cellulase, and acid phosphatase activities were increased in N treatment but reduced in P treatment. The urease activity was reduced in N treatment but did not alter in P treatment. NP treatment significantly increased the invertase and cellulase activities. Furthermore, the cellulase activity was positively correlated with soil organic carbon concentration. The acid phosphatase activity was negatively correlated with microbial biomass carbon (MBC), total P, and available P concentrations. Whereas the urease activity was not strongly dependent on total N concentrations, but positively correlated with soil pH and MBC. These Hy-EAs were significantly correlated with C-to-P and N-to-P ratios, while no significantly correlation with C-to-N ratio.
Conclusions

Overall, our results indicated that N and P addition significantly affected the soil C-, N-, and P-hydrolyzing enzyme activities. With ongoing imbalanced N and P input in our studied subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, N addition may exacerbate the limitation of soil C and P availability, while the exogenous P addition may improve the soil C and P availability.
Taxifolin alleviates FCA-induced arthritis via regulating the Th1/Th2 balance, and down-regulates NLRP3 inflammasome axis activation in Jurkat T cells
Authors: Zhang Xingyan , Li Huling , Wang Ze , Zhao Wenjing , Li Xin , Zhou Fujun , Zhou Yutong , Wang Yuling , Liu Changxiao 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory joint disease mediated by T cells. In traditional Chinese medicine, Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma is commonly used to treat deoxidation, dampness and ease joint movement. One of its active components, a flavonoid called taxifolin, has been the focus of several studies in recent years. However, the pharmacological action of taxifolin in the development of RA remains unknown. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effects of taxifolin on Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA)-induced arthritis model, and then verified the underlying immunoregulatory mechanisms of taxifolin on activated Jurkat T cells. Taxifolin ameliorated the physical signs including paw volume (PV), arthritis index (AI) and body weight (BW) and reduced the organ coefficients (spleen and thymus) in FCA-induced rats, as well as the inflammatory responses in the left hind paw and plasma. The results also showed that taxifolin greatly improved the imbalance of T helper (Th)1/Th2 status in the plasma and spleen. Further, the Th1/Th2 imbalance status and NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in the activated Jurkat T cells was inhibited significantly by taxifolin. In conclusion, these results suggested that taxifolin potentially targeted the Th1/Th2 status and NLRP3 inflammasome axis in T cells, contributing valuable insights to elucidating the mechanism of action of taxifolin for future studies on RA therapeutics.