bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rice c Cayetano : la Cour suprême des États-Unis et la négation du droit à l’autodétermination des peuples autochtones du Pacifique
Authors: MacKenzie Melody Kapilialoha , Motard Geneviève 
Published: May 2021

Dans l’arrêtRice c Cayetano, rendu en février 2000, la Cour suprême des États-Unis a déclaré inconstitutionnelle la mesure réservant le droit de voter aux élections des administrateurs du Bureau des affaires hawaiiennes seulement auxHawaiians (c.-à-d. les descendants des personnes qui habitaient les îles hawaiiennes en 1778) et auxNative Hawaiians(c.-à-d. ceux d’entre eux qui ont cinquante pour cent de sang hawaiien). Selon la Cour suprême, cette mesure contrevient au Quinzième amendement de la Constitution des États-Unis d’Amérique, lequel prévoit que le droit des citoyens de voter ne doit pas être nié ou limité par les États-Unis d’Amérique ou l’un de ses États sur la base de la « race, de la couleur ou de toute autre caractéristique liée à la servitude ». Dans ce texte, les autrices se proposent d’examiner l’affaireRice c Cayetanoet ses effets sur le droit des peuples autochtones de s’autodéterminer à Hawaiʻi, ainsi que dans d’autres territoires du Pacifique sous contrôle états-unien, plus particulièrement à Guam et au Commonwealth des îles Mariannes du Nord. Rappelons qu’en 2016 et en 2017, en se fondant sur l’arrêtRice, la United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit et la District Court of Guam – dont la décision a été confirmée par la Cour suprême des États-Unis – ont déclaré inconstitutionnelles des mesures adoptées par le Commonwealth des îles Mariannes du Nord et par Guam, lesquelles réservaient, dans certaines circonstances, le droit de voter aux descendants des premiers habitants de ces deux territoires. Or, tant à Hawaiʻi qu’au Commonwealth des îles Mariannes du Nord et à Guam, la capacité des peuples autochtones de s’autodéterminer est intimement liée à celle de s’auto-identifier.
D’un espace territorial à un espace économique et politique
Authors: Bernard Virginie 
Published: May 2021

Les Aborigènes Noongars du Sud-Ouest australien ont entrepris de faire valoir leurs droits fonciers coutumiers et d’améliorer leur situation sociale, économique et politique. Dans un contexte marqué par la méfiance de l’État australien vis-à-vis de la catégorie universelle de « peuples autochtones », une majorité de Noongars se tiennent à l’écart, du moins en apparence, des discours internationaux sur l’autochtonie. Ils défendent leur droit à l’autodétermination et l’idée d’une nation noongar intégrée à la nation australienne, énonçant ainsi le principe d’une souveraineté interne, concrétisant leur agencéité dans l’État australien. À l’inverse, certains Noongars se rattachent clairement aux discours internationaux et réclament la reconnaissance de leur souveraineté sur leurs terres ancestrales, sans jamais vraiment définir ce que cela signifie pour eux. L’analyse des divers processus de revendication des Noongars contribue à enrichir les réflexions sur l’autochtonie en tant que catégorie politique et contingente conduisant à des interprétations divergentes, voire contradictoires. Elle permet de réfuter l’idée d’une autochtonie ancrée dans le passé en montrant que les identités autochtones sont résolument contemporaines, constamment négociées à l’aune du contexte néolibéral dans laquelle elles sont immergées.
Oeuvrer à la reconnaissance du statut de tangata whenua grâce à l’art contemporain
Authors: Pellini Catherine 
Published: May 2021

L’expression « tangata whenua », par laquelle les Māori se désignent en tant que peuple autochtone d’Aotearoa (Nouvelle-Zélande) et groupes liés à des marae érigés sur leurs terres ancestrales, témoigne de la relation particulière qu’ils entretiennent avec leurs territoires. Si de nombreux Māori résident désormais dans des centres urbains ayant vu le jour à la suite de la colonisation britannique, la volonté de faire respecter cette relation ainsi que la revendication du statut de tangata whenua occupent toujours une place importante au sein des mouvements d’affirmation māori. Ces questions sont souvent évoquées par les artistes contemporains māori. Cet article se propose d’examiner comment l’adoption de certaines pratiques artistiques leur permet d’affirmer la pertinence toujours actuelle de concepts māori définissant les relations à la terre.
L’éthique enseignante : ce qu’elle est, ce qu’elle n’est pas
Authors: Prairat Eirick 
Published: May 2021

Penser l’éthique enseignante, c’est présenter les principes moraux ou les vertus éthiques qui organisent et gouvernent cette activité professionnelle. L’éthique enseignante noue trois vertus : la justice, la bienveillance et le tact. C’est ce qui est présenté dans la première section de cet article. Dans les trois sections suivantes, la question éthique est examinée d’un tout autre point de vue. Il s’agit de présenter les écueils qui la menacent. Nous en mentionnons trois : le minimalisme, le paternalisme et le moralisme. Cet examen minutieux nous invite alors à dire que l’éthique enseignante ne doit être ni minimaliste (sans pour autant être une morale épaisse), ni paternaliste (sans pour autant minorer la dimension du soin et de l’attention), ni moraliste (sans pour autant oublier l’exigence d’exemplarité).
La « poésie des réserves » et les « tabarnaques » : Jean-Guy Pilon et l’affirmation de la poésie du Québec dans les échanges internationaux
Authors: Lacroix Michel 
Published: May 2021

L’année de l’Expo 67 fut exceptionnelle en ce qui a trait à la diffusion de la poésie québécoise à l’échelle internationale et à la diffusion de la poésie étrangère au Québec. Dans un cas comme dans l’autre, la revue Liberté et son directeur, Jean-Guy Pilon, eurent un rôle de premier plan, inscrit dans une démarche de longue haleine, antérieure à la fondation de la revue, afin de multiplier les contacts entre les acteurs de la scène littéraire québécoise (écrivains, éditeurs et revues) et la République mondiale des lettres. Ces échanges, loin d’être neutres, sont aussi révélateurs des conceptions de la littérature du Québec, ainsi que de la littérature en général, en même temps que catalyseurs des transformations en ce domaine. En nous penchant sur le numéro de Liberté consacré à la « jeune poésie » étrangère, sur le réseau d’échanges à l’origine de ce numéro, nous mettons en évidence les tensions et les imbrications entre des conceptions « politiques » et « esthétiques » de la littérature, ainsi que l’hésitation ou la confusion, à l’étranger, entre les désignations de poésie « canadienne », « canadienne-française » et « québécoise ». En conclusion, on découvre que Pilon et Liberté travaillèrent activement à exporter à la fois les textes d’écrivains d’ici et leur désignation comme « littérature québécoise ».
Intermetatarsal Bursitis, a Novel Feature of Juxtaarticular Inflammation in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Related to Clinical Signs: Results of a Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: van Dijk Bastiaan T. , Dakkak Yousra J. , Matthijssen Xanthe M. E. , Niemantsverdriet Ellis , Reijnierse Monique , van der Helm‐van Mil Annette H. M. 
Published: May 2021

ObjectiveIntermetatarsal bursae in the forefeet possess a synovial lining similar to joints and tendon sheaths. Inflammation of these bursae (intermetatarsal bursitis [IMB]) was recently identified as specific for early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present study was undertaken to determine if IMB is indeed an RA feature by assessing the following: 1) the association with other local inflammatory measures (synovitis, tenosynovitis, and osteitis), 2) the association with clinical signs, and 3) whether it responds to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy similarly to other local inflammatory measures.MethodsOne hundred fifty‐seven consecutive early RA patients underwent unilateral contrast‐enhanced 1.5T forefoot magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at diagnosis. MRIs were evaluated for IMB presence and for synovitis, tenosynovitis, and osteitis in line with the RA MRI Scoring (RAMRIS) system (summed as RAMRIS inflammation). MRIs at 4, 12, and 24 months were evaluated for IMB presence and size in patients who had IMB at baseline and received early DMARD therapy. Logistic regression and generalized estimating equations were used. Anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) stratification was performed.ResultsSixty‐nine percent of RA patients had ≥1 IMB. In multivariable analysis on bursa level, presence of IMB was independently associated with local presence of synovitis and tenosynovitis, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.69 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.12, 2.57) and 2.83 (95% CI 1.80, 4.44), respectively, but not osteitis. On the patient level, IMB presence was most strongly associated with tenosynovitis (OR 2.92 [95% CI 1.62, 5.24]). IMB presence was associated with local joint swelling (OR 2.7 [95% CI 1.3, 5.3]) and tenderness (OR 1.7 [95% CI 1.04, 2.9]) independent of RAMRIS inflammation. During treatment, IMB size decreased between 0 and 12 months. This decrease associated with decrease in RAMRIS inflammation, which was driven by synovitis decrease. Within ACPA‐positive and ACPA‐negative RA, similar results were obtained.ConclusionIMB particularly accompanies inflammation of the synovial lining of joints and tendon sheaths, showed a similar treatment response after DMARD initiation, and associates with typical clinical signs. These findings suggest that IMB represents a frequently present novel RA feature of juxtaarticular synovial inflammation.
Charge Transportation and Chirality in Liquid Crystalline Helical Network Phases of Achiral BTBT‐Derived Polycatenar Molecules
Authors: Kwon Ohjin , Cai Xiaoqian , Qu Wentao , Liu Feng , Szydłowska Jadwiga , Gorecka Ewa , Han Moon Jong , Yoon Dong Ki , Poppe Silvio , Tschierske Carsten 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFirst examples of multichain (polycatenar) compounds, based on the π‐conjugated [1]benzothieno[3,2‐b]benzothiophene unit are designed, synthesized, and their soft self‐assembly and charge carrier mobility are investigated. These compounds, terminated by the new fan‐shaped 2‐brominated 3,4,5‐trialkoxybenzoate moiety, form bicontinuous cubic liquid crystalline (LC) phases with helical network structure over extremely wide temperature ranges (>200 K), including ambient temperature. Compounds with short chains show an achiral cubic phase with the double network, which upon increasing the chain length, is at first replaced by a tetragonal 3D phase and then by a mirror symmetry is broken triple network cubic phase. In the networks, the capability of bypassing defects provides enhanced charge carrier mobility compared to imperfectly aligned columnar phases, and the charge transportation is non‐dispersive, as only rarely observed for LC materials. At the transition to a semicrystalline helical network phase, the conductivity is further enhanced by almost one order of magnitude. In addition, a mirror symmetry broken isotropic liquid phase is formed beside the 3D phases, which upon chain elongation is removed and replaced by a hexagonal columnar LC phase.
Morphology Control in 2D Carbon Nitrides: Impact of Particle Size on Optoelectronic Properties and Photocatalysis
Authors: Kröger Julia , Jiménez‐Solano Alberto , Savasci Gökcen , Lau Vincent W. h. , Duppel Viola , Moudrakovski Igor , Küster Kathrin , Scholz Tanja , Gouder Andreas , Schreiber Marie‐Luise , Podjaski Filip , Ochsenfeld Christian , Lotsch Bettina V. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe carbon nitride poly(heptazine imide), PHI, has recently emerged as a powerful 2D carbon nitride photocatalyst with intriguing charge storing ability. Yet, insights into how morphology, particle size, and defects influence its photophysical properties are virtually absent. Here, ultrasonication is used to systematically tune the particle size as well as concentration of surface functional groups and study their impact. Enhanced photocatalytic activity correlates with an optimal amount of those defects that create shallow trap states in the optical band gap, promoting charge percolation, as evidenced by time‐resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy, charge transport studies, and quantum‐chemical calculations. Excessive amounts of terminal defects can act as recombination centers and hence, decrease the photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution. Re‐agglomeration of small particles can, however, partially restore the photocatalytic activity. The type and amount of trap states at the surface can also influence the deposition of the co‐catalyst Pt, which is used in hydrogen evolution experiments. Optimized conditions entail improved Pt distribution, as well as enhanced wettability and colloidal stability. A description of the interplay between these effects is provided to obtain a holistic picture of the size–property–activity relationship in nanoparticulate PHI‐type carbon nitrides that can likely be generalized to related photocatalytic systems.
3D Interrelationship between Osteocyte Network and Forming Mineral during Human Bone Remodeling
Authors: Ayoubi Mahdi , van Tol Alexander F. , Weinkamer Richard , Roschger Paul , Brugger Peter C. , Berzlanovich Andrea , Bertinetti Luca , Roschger Andreas , Fratzl Peter 
Published: May 2021

AbstractDuring bone remodeling, osteoblasts are known to deposit unmineralized collagenous tissue (osteoid), which mineralizes after some time lag. Some of the osteoblasts differentiate into osteocytes, forming a cell network within the lacunocanalicular network (LCN) of bone. To get more insight into the potential role of osteocytes in the mineralization process of osteoid, sites of bone formation are three‐dimensionally imaged in nine forming human osteons using focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy (FIB‐SEM). In agreement with previous observations, the mineral concentration is found to gradually increase from the central Haversian canal toward pre‐existing mineralized bone. Most interestingly, a similar feature is discovered on a length scale more than 100‐times smaller, whereby mineral concentration increases from the LCN, leaving around the canaliculi a zone virtually free of mineral, the size of which decreases with progressing mineralization. This suggests that the LCN controls mineral formation but not just by diffusion of mineralization precursors, which would lead to a continuous decrease of mineral concentration from the LCN. The observation is, however, compatible with the codiffusion and reaction of precursors and inhibitors from the LCN into the bone matrix.
A Programmed Cell‐Mimicking Nanoparticle Driven by Potato Alkaloid for Targeted Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy
Authors: Li Jie , Tang Wei , Yang Yi , Shen Qing , Yu Yang , Wang Xiaoyou , Fu Yu , Li Chong 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMembrane camouflaged‐nanoparticles (CM‐NPs) have been exploited to inherit desired functionalities from source cells. Despite those advantages, membrane cloak may play a “double‐edged sword” role in tumor‐targeting therapy, as the intact membrane coating may hinder function‐exertion of loaded drugs after reaching predetermined site. Therefore, further optimization of CM‐NPs is still needed to enhance their delivery efficiency. Herein, natural product, Solamargine (SM), a cholesterol‐affiliative amphiphilic potato alkaloid is first applied as core component of “inner core,” to design a cell‐mimicking “core–shell” nanoparticle (RBC‐SLip) with acid‐responsive off‐coating properties for tumor‐targeted therapy. Owing to red blood cell membrane (RBCm)‐derived outer coating, it circulates stably in physiological conditions. While it would undergo an off‐coating morphological change in response to acid stimuli in tumor microenvironment (TME), afterwards, the resulting off‐coating liposome (SLip) shows active tumor‐targeting and endosomal escape abilities, thus contributing to superior antitumor efficacy. In addition, SM also possesses natural TME‐modulating ability; therefore, RBC‐SLip can synergize with the PD1/PD‐L1 blockade immunotherapy when encapsulated with PTX to achieve enhanced chemoimmunotherapy. The off‐coating strategy developed by natural products SM, provide a brand‐new perspective to optimize CM‐NPs, and it also embodies application value of “unification of medicines and excipients” of natural products.
Spin‐Crossover Molecules on Surfaces: From Isolated Molecules to Ultrathin Films
Authors: Kipgen Lalminthang , Bernien Matthias , Tuczek Felix , Kuch Wolfgang 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMolecular spintronics seeks to use single or few molecules as functional building blocks for spintronic applications, directly relying on molecular properties or properties of interfaces between molecules and inorganic electrodes. Spin‐crossover molecules (SCMs) are one of the most promising classes of candidates for molecular spintronics due to their bistability deriving from the existence of two spin states that can be reversibly switched by temperature, light, electric fields, etc. Building devices based on single or few molecules would entail connecting the molecule(s) with solid surfaces and understanding the fundamental behavior of the resulting assemblies. Herein, the investigations of SCMs on solid surfaces, ranging from isolated single molecules (submonolayers) to ultrathin films (mainly in the sub‐10 nm range) are summarized. The achievements, challenges and prospects in this field are highlighted.
Immune Checkpoint‐Bioengineered Beta Cell Vaccine Reverses Early‐Onset Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Au Kin Man , Medik Yusra , Ke Qi , Tisch Roland , Wang Andrew Z. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease that results from autoreactive T cells destroying insulin‐producing pancreatic beta (β) cells. The development of T1DM is associated with the deficiency of co‐inhibitory immune checkpoint ligands (e.g., PD‐L1, CD86, and Gal‐9) in β cells. Here, a new translational approach based on metabolic glycoengineering and bioorthogonal click chemistry, which bioengineers β cells with co‐inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules that induce antigen‐specific immunotolerance and reverse early‐onset hyperglycemia is reported. To achieve this goal, a subcutaneous injectable acellular pancreatic extracellular matrix platform for localizing the bioengineered β cells while creating a pancreas‐like immunogenic microenvironment, in which the autoreactive T cells can interface with the β cells, is devised.
Biomimetic Hairy Whiskers for Robotic Skin Tactility
Authors: An Jie , Chen Pengfei , Wang Ziming , Berbille Andy , Pang Hao , Jiang Yang , Jiang Tao , Wang Zhong Lin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTouch sensing is among the most important sensing capabilities of a human, and the same is true for smart robotics. Current research on tactile sensors is mainly concentrated on electronic skin (e‐skin), but e‐skin is prone to be easily dirtied, damaged, and disturbed after repeated usage, which greatly limits its practical applications in robotics. Here, by mimicking the way that animals explore the environment using hair‐based sensors, a bendable biomimetic whisker mechanoreceptor (BWMR) is designed for robotic tactile sensing. Owing to the advantages of triboelectric nanogenerator technology, the BWMR can convert external mechanical stimuli into electrical signals without a power supply, which is conducive to its widespread applications in robots. Because of the leverage effect of the whisker, the BWMR can distinguish an exciting force of 1.129 μN by amplifying external weak signals, which can be further improved by increasing the whisker length. Real‐time sensing is demonstrated using a BWMR, exhibiting its potential for robotic tactile systems.
Perovskites: Multiphoton Absorption and Applications
Authors: Zhou Feng , Ran Xing , Fan Dianyuan , Lu Shunbin , Ji Wei 
Published: May 2021

AbstractRecently, there have been intensive and extensive research works on perovskites because of their excellent electrical and optical properties. This review is focused on their multiphoton absorption (MPA) and applications. All the MPA coefficients or cross‐sections reported in the literature are summarized. Many experimental data show that the MPA strengths of nanoscale perovskites are several orders of magnitude greater than their bulk counterparts. The second‐ and third‐order quantum perturbation theories predict that, while the two‐band transitions play a significant role in 3D crystals of perovskites, the exciton‐light interactions dominate in the case of 2D perovskites. Other influencing factors on the MPA magnitudes are also discussed. Their potential applications are also highlighted in laser‐frequency upconversion and sub‐bandgap photodetection.
A Fully Biodegradable Ferroelectric Skin Sensor from Edible Porcine Skin Gelatine
Authors: Ghosh Sujoy Kumar , Park Jonghwa , Na Sangyun , Kim Minsoo P. , Ko Hyunhyub 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHigh‐performance biodegradable electronic devices are being investigated to address the global electronic waste problem. In this work, a fully biodegradable ferroelectric nanogenerator‐driven skin sensor with ultrasensitive bimodal sensing capability based on edible porcine skin gelatine is demonstrated. The microstructure and molecular engineering of gelatine induces polarization confinement that gives rise the ferroelectric properties, resulting in a piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of ≈24 pC N−1 and pyroelectric coefficient of ≈13 µC m−2K−1, which are 6 and 11.8 times higher, respectively, than those of the conventional planar gelatine. The ferroelectric gelatine skin sensor has exceptionally high pressure sensitivity (≈41 mV Pa−1) and the lowest detection limit of pressure (≈0.005 Pa) and temperature (≈0.04 K) ever reported for ferroelectric sensors. In proof‐of‐concept tests, this device is able to sense the spatially resolved pressure, temperature, and surface texture of an unknown object, demonstrating potential for robotic skins and wearable electronics with zero waste footprint.
Smart and Functionalized Development of Nucleic Acid‐Based Hydrogels: Assembly Strategies, Recent Advances, and Challenges
Authors: Zhang Yangzi , Zhu Longjiao , Tian Jingjing , Zhu Liye , Ma Xuan , He Xiaoyun , Huang Kunlun , Ren Fazheng , Xu Wentao 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNucleic acid‐based hydrogels that integrate intrinsic biological properties of nucleic acids and mechanical behavior of their advanced assemblies are appealing bioanalysis and biomedical studies for the development of new‐generation smart biomaterials. It is inseparable from development and incorporation of novel structural and functional units. This review highlights different functional units of nucleic acids, polymers, and novel nanomaterials in the order of structures, properties, and functions, and their assembly strategies for the fabrication of nucleic acid‐based hydrogels. Also, recent advances in the design of multifunctional and stimuli‐responsive nucleic acid‐based hydrogels in bioanalysis and biomedical science are discussed, focusing on the applications of customized hydrogels for emerging directions, including 3D cell cultivation and 3D bioprinting. Finally, the key challenge and future perspectives are outlined.