bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystallization and degradation behaviour of multiblock copolyester blends in Langmuir monolayers
Authors: Izraylit Victor , Liu Yue , Tarazona Natalia A. , Machatschek Rainhard , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSupporting the wound healing of soft tissues requires fixation devices becoming more elastic while degrading. To address this unmet need, we designed a blend of degradable multiblock copolymers, which is cross-linked by PLA stereocomplexation combining two soft segments differing substantially in their hydrolytic degradation rate. The degradation path and concomitant structural changes are predicted by Langmuir monolayer technique. The fast hydrolysis of one soft segment leads to a decrease of the total polymer mass at constant physical cross-linking density. The corresponding increase of the average spacing between the network nodes suggests the targeted increase of the blend’s flexibility.
Graphic abstract
Variability in Rehabilitation Protocols after Superior Labrum Anterior Posterior Surgical Repair
Authors: Hermanns Christina , Coda Reed , Cheema Sana , Vopat Matthew , Tarakemeh Armin , Veazey Kyle , Schroeppel John Paul , Mullen Scott , Vopat Bryan 
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Rehabilitation after a superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) repair is an important aspect of patient outcomes, however, no standardized rehabilitation protocol has been defined. The purpose of this paper is to assess the variability of rehabilitation after SLAP repair to understand the need for standardization to improve patient outcomes.
Methods. Protocols for SLAP repairs were collected through a search for Academic Orthopedic Programs and a general google search using the terms “[Program Name (if applicable)] SLAP Repair Rehab Protocol”. Protocols were compared by sling, range of motion (ROM), physical therapy, return to sport (RTS), return to throwing, and biceps engagement/ biceps tenodesis recommendations. Protocols for non-operative or generalized shoulders were excluded.
Results. Sixty protocols were included. A total of 61.7% (37/60) recommended a sling for four to six weeks and 90% (54/60) included a full ROM recommendation, but time was variable. There were different exercises recommended, but pendulum swings were recommended by 53% (32/60), submaximal isometrics by 55% (33/60), and scapular strengthening by 65% (39/60). Of the sixty protocols, 33% (20/60) recommended return to sports in 24 weeks and 38.3% (23/60) recommended allowing throwing in 16 weeks.
Conclusion. There was variability in protocols for SLAP repair, especially time until full ROM, RTS, and biceps strengthening. Time in sling and scapular strengthening were the least variable. A lack of specificity within protocols in what return to throwing meant for functional ability made it difficult to compare protocols. Considering the large number of Orthopedic programs, a relatively small number had published protocols. Further studies are needed to evaluate a standardized post-operative rehabilitation for SLAP repairs to improve outcomes.
Glycemic Control and Awareness of Insulin Therapy
Authors: Pashchenko Yegor , Clausing Daniel , Ablah Elizabeth , Okut Hayrettin , Elhomsy Georges 
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Glycemic control is associated with better health outcomes among patients with diabetes. No previous research has examined the relationship between knowledge of one’s insulin dose and glycemic control. This study sought to determine if patients who accurately recalled their insulin dose achieved better glycemic control than patients who could not remember their dose.
Methods: Interviews were conducted with 106 patients. Data were collected during patients’ appointments at two endocrinology clinics in Wichita, Kansas from May 29, 2018 to February 15, 2019. Adequate glycemic control was defined as an HbA1c of less than 7.5%. A multiple logistic regression model was developed to identify factors associated with glycemic control.
Results: Of the 109 patients asked to participate, 105 agreed to participate in the study. About half (45%, n = 48) were male. Patients’ mean age was 50 years (SD = 17). Seventy-seven percent (n = 81) were overweight (body mass index (BMI) of 25 to 29.9) or obese (BMI >30). Patients who correctly stated their insulin dose had a mean Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 6.9% (SD = 0.98), whereas those who incorrectly stated their dose had a mean HbA1c of 9.5% (SD = 1.9; p <0.0001).
Conclusions: There was a significant relationship between knowledge of one’s insulin dose and adequate glycemic control.
Ethnicity as a model for the development of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors in epidemiological studies
Authors: Mulerova T A , Ogarkov M Yu , Tsygankova D P , Kazachek Yu V , Polikutina O M , Barbarash O L 
Published: October 2021

Aim. To assess the indigenous small population of the Shor people in terms of the ethnic-specific development of cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors during the epidemiological studies in the Mountain Shoria.
Methods. The study was carried included the indigenous and non-indigenous population of the Mountain Shoria during two different time periods: the first period (19982002) 1215 people (550 indigenous Shors and 665 non-indigenous people) and the second period (20132017) 1409 people (901 and 508, respectively). The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, arterial hypertension (AH) and ischemic heart disease (CHD) was studied. In the second period of the study, the genotype frequencies of the genes ACE (I/D, r 4340), AGT (c.803TC, rs699), AGTR1 (A1166C, rs5186), ADRB1 (c.145AG, Ser49Gly, rs1801252), ADRA2B (I/D, rs28365031), MTHFR (c.677CT, Ala222Val, rs1801133) and NOS3 (VNTR, 4b/4a) and their associations with arterial hypertension were identified. There was data on organ damage obtained among patients with high blood pressure (left ventricular myocardial hypertrophia, carotid arteries intima-media complex thickening, albumin level).
Results. The first period of the studies showed that the Shors differed from the incoming population in an extremely low prevalence of lipid metabolism disorders, obesity, and an almost complete absence of diabetes mellitus. At the same time, there was a high prevalence of tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption. The second period of the studies demonstrated significant differences between different ethnic cohorts according to the genetic passport towards a more favorable profile among the indigenous people. However, the Shor people with arterial hypertension had a more severe course of hypertensive disease, defined as frequent organ damage. In addition, the profile of a patient with coronary heart disease differed depending on the place of residence, in urban or rural. Epidemiological studies contribute to the acquisition of new knowledge about different ethnic groups, their lifestyles and agricultural practices, regions of residence, and the features of candidate gene polymorphism. This provides valuable material for individualizing the prevention and treatment of diseases.
Conclusion. Ethnicity makes adjustments to the patient's profile; understanding the ethnic specificity allows developing targeted preventive measures, thereby preserving the peoples health.
Życie towarzyszące naturalnym, powierzchniowym wyciekom węglowodorów
Authors:   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Brzeszcz Joanna , Kapusta Piotr ,   Instytut Nafty i Gazu – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Published: October 2021

Swobodne migracje węglowodorów związane są z ciągłym rozpraszaniem tych związków ze stref ich nagromadzeń i zachodzą w warunkach silnej erozji skał uszczelniających oraz wysokiej porowatości skał zbiornikowych. Opisywane zjawiska występują zarówno w środowisku morskim, jak i lądowym, przyjmując różne formy. Morskie wypływy, zwane zimnymi wysiękami (ang. cold seeps), występują m.in. w postaci powierzchniowych wycieków gazu i/lub ropy, jezior solankowych, wulkanów asfaltowych oraz błotnych. Z kolei na lądzie migracje ujawniają się jako jeziora ropy, smoliste, naskalne naloty bitumiczne, przesiąknięta ropą gleba, wycieki gazowe oraz wulkany błotne. Uważa się, że prawie każdy basen naftowy zawiera obecnie tysiące aktywnych wycieków ropy. Blisko 50% ropy przedostającej się do mórz i oceanów ma pochodzenie nieantropogeniczne. Pomimo toksyczności niektórych węglowodorów chronicznie skażone miejsca zasiedlane są przez różnorodne grupy organizmów, począwszy od prostych jednokomórkowych bakterii po złożone organizmy wyższe. Bakterie stanowią kluczowy element umożliwiający funkcjonowanie takich ekosystemów. W tym aspekcie olbrzymie znaczenie mają zdolności metaboliczne niektórych bakterii ukierunkowane na węglowodory, gdyż umożliwiają one całkowitą mineralizację tych substancji lub przekształcenie ich w produkty charakteryzujące się mniejszą toksycznością. W środowisku morskim procesy te w większości zachodzą w warunkach beztlenowych, zaś w środowisku lądowym większą wagę należy przypisać procesom tlenowym. Wydaje się, że zależności symbiotyczne z takimi mikroorganizmami dla organizmów wyższych są niezwykle cenne, ponieważ umożliwiają im zajmowanie tych ekstremalnych środowisk. W przypadku morskich wycieków należy również zwrócić uwagę na bakterie chemosyntetyzujące, które wykorzystując metan oraz siarkowodór, wytwarzają substancje odżywcze (węglowodany) na potrzeby organizmu gospodarza, np. małży z rodzin Lucinidae, Mytilidae, Solemyidae, Thyasiridae, Vesicomyidae. W niniejszym artykule starano się przedstawić złożoność i niezwykłość różnorodnych form życia, które występują w środowisku długotrwale skażonym substancjami ropopochodnymi.
Matched Comparison of Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods with Traditional Growing Rods in Severe Early-Onset Scoliosis of ≥90°
Authors: Saarinen Antti J. , Sponseller Paul D. , Andras Lindsay M. , Skaggs David L. , Emans John B. , Thompson George H. , Helenius Ilkka J. ,   the Pediatric Spine Study Group
Published: October 2021

Background:
Severe early-onset scoliosis (EOS) is managed surgically but represents a challenge due to limited implant fixation points, large curve size, and fragile patients with comorbidities. Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs) have the advantage of avoiding surgical intervention for routine lengthening, but their ability to address severe EOS has not been studied, to our knowledge.

Methods:
A retrospective review of a prospectively collected international database identified 44 children with severe (≥90°) EOS treated with MCGRs who met our study criteria. Etiology, age, and sex-matched patients treated with traditional growing rods (TGRs) were identified from the same database. Patients were evaluated at a 2-year follow-up. No patients with vertically expandable prosthetic titanium ribs (VEPTRs) were included. The health-related quality of life was evaluated with the 24-Item Early Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire (EOSQ-24).

Results:
The mean preoperative major coronal curve was 104° in the MCGR group and 104° in the TGR group. At the 2-year follow-up, the mean major coronal curves were 52° and 66° (p = 0.001), respectively. The mean T1-T12 heights were 155 mm and 152 mm preoperatively and 202 mm and 192 mm at the 2-year follow-up (p = 0.088). According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, the 2-year unplanned-revision-free survival was 91% in the MCGR group and 71% in the TGR group (p < 0.005). The 2-year score in the EOSQ-24 pulmonary function domain was better in the MCGR group. There were no other significant differences in the EOSQ-24 scores between the groups.

Conclusions:
MCGRs for severe EOS provided significantly better major curve correction with significantly fewer unplanned revisions than TGRs at a 2-year follow-up.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Does a Medial Malleolar Osteotomy or Posteromedial Approach Provide Greater Surgical Visualization for the Treatment of Talar Body Fractures?
Authors: Magnusson Erik A. , Telfer Scott , Jackson Madeleine , Githens Michael F. 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Surgical management of talar body fractures is influenced by soft-tissue condition and fracture pattern. Two common surgical approaches for the treatment of talar body fractures are the medial malleolar osteotomy (MMO) and the posteromedial approach (PMA). The purpose of this study was to compare the observable talar body surface area with the MMO and the PMA. We hypothesized that visualization following a PMA improves with distraction and distraction with a gastrocnemius recession.

Methods:
Five pairs of cadaver limbs were used. Each pair of specimens underwent both approaches to act as an internal control. The laterality of the PMA was determined by randomization, and the MMO was performed on the contralateral ankle. The PMA was performed to visualize the talus, and the talar surface area was recorded using a handheld 3D surface scanner. A distractor was then placed across the joint, and the surface area was remeasured. Finally, a gastrocnemius recession was performed, and the measured surface area under the distraction was recorded. The MMO was performed in standard fashion using fluoroscopy, and the observable talar surface area was recorded. Scans were performed twice for each approach, and the surface areas were averaged. The talus was excised and scanned after each approach in order to compare the visualized surface area with the total surface area of the native talus.

Results:
The MMO and the PMA exposed a mean of 11.2 and 6.7 cm2, respectively, of the talar surface. Visualization with the PMA was improved with distraction, revealing 8.3 cm2 of the talus (p = 0.01 when compared with an isolated PMA). A PMA with distraction and gastrocnemius recession exposed 9.9 cm2 of the talar dome and body. There was no significant difference in exposure between the MMO and the PMA with distraction and gastrocnemius recession (p = 0.32).

Conclusions:
The MMO and the PMA both afford excellent visualization for reduction and fixation of talar body fractures. Visualization using the PMA is improved with distraction and distraction with a gastrocnemius recession. The results of this study may assist surgeons in selecting the optimal approach for surgical repair of talar body fractures.
Periodontal and peri-implant microbiome dysbiosis is associated with alterations in the microbial community structure and local stability
Authors: Zhang Yuchen , Li Yinhu , Yang Yuguang , Wang Yiqing , Cao Xiao , Xu Yue , Li Shuai Cheng , Zhou Qin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are common biofilm-mediated infectious diseases affecting teeth and dental implants, and have been considered to be initiated with microbial dysbiosis. To further understand the essence of oral microbiome dysbiosis in terms of bacterial interactions, community structure, and microbial stability. We analyzed 64 plaque samples from 34 participants with teeth or implants under different health conditions using metagenomic sequencing. After taxonomical annotation, we computed the core microbiome, analyzed the bacterial community structure, and calculated the microbial stability in supra- and subgingival plaques from hosts with different health conditions. The results showed that when inflammation arose, the subgingival communities became less connective and competitive with fewer hub species. In contrast, the supragingival communities tended to be more connective and competitive with an increased number of hub species. Besides, periodontitis and peri-implantitis were associated with significantly increased microbial stability in subgingival microbiome. These findings indicated that the periodontal and peri-implant dysbiosis is associated with aberrant alterations in the bacterial correlations, community structures, and local stability. The highly connected hub species, as well as the major contributing species of negative correlations should also be given more concern in future studies.
Determination of the Interaction and Pharmacological Modulation of MCHR1 Signaling by C Terminus of MRAP2 Protein
Authors: Wang Meng , Zhai Yue , Lei Xiaowei , Xu Jing , Jiang Bopei , Kuang Zhe , Fu Yanbin , Zhang Cong , Liu Shangyun , Bian Shan , Yang Xiao-Mei , Jin Li-Na , Li Qingfeng , Zhang Chao 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: Melanin concentrating hormone (MCH), an orexigenic neuropeptide, is primarily secreted by the hypothalamus and acts at its receptor, the melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (MCHR1), to regulate energy homeostasis and body weight. The Melanocortin Receptor Accessory Protein 2 (MRAP2), a small single transmembrane protein broadly expressed in multiple tissues, has been defined as a vital endocrine pivot of five melanocortin receptors (MC1R-MC5R) and several other GPCRs in the regulation of central neuronal appetite and peripheral energy homeostasis. However, the regulatory and relationship between MCHR1 and MRAP2 is unknown.Results: In this study, we show that MRAP2 interacts with MCHR1 and suppresses MCHR1 signaling in vitro. We also identified the C-terminal domains of MRAP2 protein required for pharmacological modulation of intracellular Ca2+ cascades and membrane transport. Conclusions: These findings elucidated the broad regulatory profile of MRAP2 protein in the central nervous system and may provide implications for the modulation of central MCHR1 function in vivo.
Structure-Based Virtual Screening, Molecular Docking, MolecularDynamics Simulation of VEGF Inhibitors for the Clinical Treatment of Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Mukherjee Sourav , Abdalla Mohnad , Yadav Manasi , Madhavi Maddala , Khandelwal Ravina , Prajapati Leena , Panicker Aravind , Chaudhary Aashish , Al-Brakati Ashraf , Hussain Tajamul , Nayarisseri Anuraj , Singh Sanjeev Kumar 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
VEGF and its receptor play an important role both in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis, which is identified in ovarian cancer progression and metastasis development. The aim of the present investigation is to identify a potential VEGF inhibitor which is playing a crucial role in stimulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment in tumour cells of ovary and to examine for an effectiveness of identified inhibitor for treatment of ovarian cancer using various In silico approaches. 12 established VEGF inhibitors were collected from various literature. The compound AEE788 displays the great affinity towards the target protein as a result of docking study. AEE78 was further used for structure base virtual screening in order to obtain more structurally similar compound with high affinity. Among the 80 Virtual screened compounds, CID 88265020, explicates much better affinity than established compound AEE788. Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation, pharmacophore and comparative toxicity analysis of both the best established compound and the best virtual screened compound displayed a trivial variation in associated properties. The virtual screened compound CID 88265020 have the high affinity with the lowest re-rank score, and holds a huge potential to inhibit the VGFR and can be implemented for prospective of future investigations in Ovarian Cancer.
Comparing Aligner and Multibracket Therapy in The Evaluation of White Spot Lesions
Authors: Weidenkeller Julia , Schmidtmann Irene , Ohlendorf Daniela , Thomé Johanna , Wehrbein Heinrich , Erbe Christina 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background: This study used the Enamel Decalcification Index (EDI) by Banks and Richmond (1994) to investigate the severity and development of white spot lesions (WSL) before and after multi bracket (MB) and aligner (Invisalign teen®) therapy. The extent of WSL was recorded using the newly developed evaluation aid crosshair.Methods: Photographs of 121 subjects before and after MB therapy (58 female and 63 male) with an average age of 12.5 ±2.1 years and of 42 aligner therapy subjects (18 female and 24 male) with the average age of 14 ±1.8 years were examined. All subjects received standardized oral hygiene instructions. The vestibular tooth surfaces of the incisors, canines, and premolars were examined with the Enamel Decalcification Index (EDI) of Banks and Richmond (grades 0-3), and the extent of WSL was assessed with the graticule using circle segments in percent. All statistical analysis was performed using frequency tables, cross-tabulations, and logistic regression.Results:69% of subjects had at least one WSL before MB therapy, while 98% had WSL after MB therapy. 98% of subjects had at least one WSL, which is an incidence of 29%. 17% of subjects had WSL before aligner therapy, and 52% had WSL after aligner therapy. This concludes an incidence of 43%. 18% of tooth surfaces had WSL before MB therapy and 52% had them after. 99% of tooth surfaces examined before aligner therapy had no WSL, and 91% of tooth surfaces stayed free of WSL after therapy. The prevalence of WSL was higher on the canines and premolars than on the incisors before and after both MB and aligner therapy. Aligner therapy had a significantly higher WSL prevalence and incidence on the maxillary teeth. The oral, mesial, and distal surfaces were significantly more likely to have WSL after MB therapy (prevalence) than the gingival tooth surface. The tooth surfaces most notably affected by WSL, in order from highest to lowest impact, were the distal tooth surfaces, the mesial tooth surface and the gingival tooth surfaces (incidence). Areas around rectangular attachments are more likely to be affected by WSL compared to tooth surfaces without. The study on gender distribution in MB therapy showed that the development of WSL was far higher in adolescent males than in females, though age did not prove to be an influencing factor.Conclusion: This study concludes that the treatment with aligners can successfully reduce the formation of white spot lesions in comparison to MB treatment.
Complex Mitogenomic Rearrangements within the Pectinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia)
Authors: Malkócs Tamás , Viricel Amélia , Becquet Vanessa , Evin Louise , Dubillot Emmanuel , Pante Eric 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
BackgroundScallops (Bivalvia: Pectinidae) present extraordinary variance in both mitochondrial genome size, structure and content, even when compared to the extreme diversity documented within Mollusca and Bivalvia. In pectinids, mitogenome rearrangements involve protein coding and rRNA genes along with tRNAs, and different genome organization patterns can be observed even at the level of Tribes. Existing pectinid phylogenies fail to resolve some relationships in the family, Chlamydinae being an especially problematic group.ResultsIn our study, we sequenced, annotated and characterized the mitochondrial genome of a member of Chlamydinae, Mimachlamys varia—a species of commercial interest and an effective bioindicator—revealing yet another novel gene arrangement in the Pectinidae. The phylogeny based on all mitochondrial protein coding and rRNA genes suggests the paraphyly of the Mimachlamys genus, further commending the taxonomic revision of the classification within the Chlamydinae subfamily. At the scale of the Pectinidae, we found that 15 sequence blocks are involved in mitogenome rearrangements, which behave as separate units.ConclusionsOur study reveals incongruities between phylogenies based on mitochondrial protein-coding versus rRNA genes within the Pectinidae, suggesting that locus sampling affects phylogenetic inference at the scale of the family. We also conclude that the available taxon sampling does not allow for understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the high variability of mitogenome architecture observed in the Pectinidae, and that unraveling these processes will require denser taxon sampling.