bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„compassio“, Leidenschaft, Ekstase
Authors: Schulze-Witzenrath Elisabeth 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Expressions and gestures of mourning for the loved one have been a theme of religious art from early on. In the Middle Ages, after the discovery of the suffering Christ (“Christus patiens”), they are shown in numerous depictions of the crucifixion, especially in those of the taking down of the cross.
Since the 13th century, the attitude of “compassion”, which commemorates Christ’s act of redemption and, according to theological interpretation, thereby brings about one’s own salvation, has promoted empathy with the other. After the theme had been increasingly treated aesthetically in painting, non-religious models of mourning also appeared in poetry from the 16th century onwards, whose actions were oriented towards the respective epoch-specific image of man (passion, ecstasy). The article analyses relevant poetic and musical works.
A Medieval Open Work
Authors: Simian Rafael 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Guigo II is commonly known and praised among specialists of Western mysticism for his Scala claustralium, a work that presents a spiritual program for cloistered monks. His Meditations, on the other hand, have usually been relegated to the margin of attention. The First Meditation, in particular, is generally regarded as a minor piece. The paper argues, however, that a new approach can make better sense of the First Meditation, while also enabling us to recognize its specific function and value. Seen from this new perspective, Guigo’s purpose with the text is to train and exercise his readers’ minds according to the spiritual program laid out in the Scala. The paper shows that the First Meditation realizes that goal, surprisingly, by having the same essential features that Umberto Eco found in the ‘open works’ of the Western avant-garde.
Interpreting Hamlet’s Pregnant Silences: Nietzsche and Benjamin
Authors: Quiring Björn 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the protagonist frequently and eloquently refers to his own taciturnity and to the fundamental insights into the ways of the world that this silence conceals from his interlocutors. It is partly due to this emphasis on a pivotal inaccessibilty that the play has provoked numerous philosophical interpretations. For example, Nietzsche in The Birth of Tragedy and Walter Benjamin in Origin of the German Trauerspiel have dealt with Hamlet’s loquacious refusal to communicate, and their interpretations, while problematic in some respects, can contribute to a better understanding of the drama, especially when they are placed in relation to one another. While Nietzsche’s somewhat forced interpretation traces Hamlet’s silence to the Dionysian experience of ancient tragedy, Benjamin’s counter-interpretation construes this silence as the expression of a specifically Protestant, melancholic conception of history, as well as of its dialectical overcoming. Although Origin of the German Trauerspiel convincingly demonstrates that Hamlet transforms his relationship to society and its language in the course of the play by reinterpreting the contingency of historical events as manifestations of eternal providence, a closer reading of the drama shows that this reinterpretation is not, as Benjamin claims, unfolding a genuinely Christian dialectic, at the endpoint of which stands the blissful silence of assured salvation. Rather, this reinterpretation appears as the expression of an amor fati that in many respects prefigures Nietzsche’s categorical affirmation of blind necessity; Hamlet’s interpretation of the course of the world as a circulus vitiosus resembles the idea of the eternal return, embracing this figure of thought in its most hopeless and most seminal form: as an apotheosis of endless annihilation.
Zeitstrukturen im Gedicht
Authors: Huber Irmtraud 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The lyric is often associated with an attempt to escape from time into stasis or eternity and is juxtaposed as atemporal to the temporal dynamics of (narrative or dramatic) plot. Resisting such common attributions, this paper develops an analytical framework that highlights the complexity and variety of temporal structures to be found in poetry. Understood as a contribution to the growing field of lyricology, the suggested framework aims to be widely applicable to poetry in general, but is here introduced and exemplified with reference to poems by Rainer Maria Rilke.
Revisiting ‘Third-Person’ Narrative Unreliability
Authors: Álvarez-Amorós José A. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Taking its cue from the critical treatment given to unreliable narration by Wayne C. Booth and his early followers, and in contrast to the claims often made in the field of authentication theory, this paper seeks to join the debate on “third-person” narrative unreliability by outlining an inclusive approach to this phenomenon in which the “person” parameter need not be a determining factor. To theorize and illustrate this approach, a methodological context is first developed by juxtaposing Genette’s revisionist stance on voice and perception with Booth’s 1961 dismissal of the vocal issue and his controversial assimilation of tellers and observers. Then Ryan’s dissenting views are addressed by identifying common ground between her idea of the impersonal narrator and the principles of inclusivity which precisely rest on the impersonating potential of that figure. Finally the inclusive conception of unreliability is shown at work in three Jamesian tales – “The Aspern Papers” (1888), “The Liar” (1888), and “The Beast in the Jungle” (1903) – whose different vocal options do not seem to immunize their narrators against charges of untrustworthiness.
Multidirektionale Assemblage
Authors: Uffelmann Dirk 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Multidirectional Assemblage: Boris Khersonskii’s Family Archive Boris Khersonskii’s most acclaimed and translated volume of poetry Semeinyi arkhiv [Family Archive] (2003/2006) consists of semi-fictional miniatures narrating the sufferings of the members of a Southwest-Ukrainian Jewish Family in the short 20th century. The speaker’s laconic tone invites less of a trauma-studies approach to the Stalinist Great Terror and the Shoah than a media-sensitive update of the formalist focus on material devices and the determination of meaning from below. This contribution proposes to read Family Archive as an assemblage of imagined material media (photographs, letters, auction objects) which trace multidirectional vectors of commemoration. It proposes the notion of directionality for resolving the undecidability of referential and a-referential readings of quasi-documentary poetry.
Emerging trends of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aquaculture in Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Gurung Tek Bahadur , Wagle Suresh Kumar , Nepal Agni Prasad , Lamsal Gopal Prasad 
Published: December 2021

Recently, aquaculture technology of cold water Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) has been popular among farmers in hills and mountains of Nepal Himalaya. Production of rainbow trout started in government and private farms in 1995 and 1998, respectively. At present the rainbow trout farming has expanded in several mountain districts with rapidly growing demand in others adjacent areas. The total farmers have increased from none to 85 producing more than 180 metric ton from 16 districts by employing about 550 people in year 2012. The trout aquaculture technology could be expanded in areas having pristine, cold and clean water resources having road access for market destinations close to urban areas of all Trans Himalayan countries as a means to food and nutritional security, and employment opportunities in mountainous regions.
Floristic composition of Palpa district, west Nepal
Authors: Mahato Ras Bihari 
Published: December 2021

The present study documents the floristic composition of the vascular plants (Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms) of Palpa district, West Nepal. A total of 467 species plants belonging to 163 families, 357 genera were recorded from the study area. Among them Pteridophytes are comprised of 37 species, Gymnosperms 2 species and Angiosperms 428 species (Dicotyledones 336 and Monocotyledones 92 species). Floristic analysis showed that Dicotyledones comprise (71.9%), Monocotyledones (19.7%), Gymnosperms (0.4%) and Pteridophytes (8.00%). Although total plant species were distributed among 163 families and 357 genera, 52.25% of the species belonged to only ten families. Out of 467 species Hardwickia binata Roxb. is reported as new addition to the flora of Nepal. Five species of threatened plants were recorded from the study area. These are Acacia catechu-threatened (T), Aegle marmelos-(T), Dioscorea deltoidea-(T), Elaeocarpus sphaericus-vulnerable (V) and Rauvolfia serpentina-endangered (E).
Chemical analysis of fodder climbers found in Sunsari district, Nepal
Authors: Mandal T. N. , Gautam T. P. 
Published: December 2021

Altogether 19 fodder climbers were collected with local information for their quality, feeding season and preference by livestock from Sunsari district, Nepal. Fodder climbers were distributed under 15 angiospermic families. Among them, 6 climber species were analyzed for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, N-free extract, total ash and mineral contents (K, Ca, and P). Dry matter content ranged from 24.12 to 45.43%. Crude protein content showed slight variation. Ether extract ranged from 2.13- 4.23%, while Crude fiber content ranged between 18.62 and 22.52%. N-free extract showed narrow variation in the content while Total ash content exhibited a wide variation ranging from 5.67 to 11.52%. Among the minerals, Phosphorus showed distinct variation in the content from 0.19 to 0.46%. Fodder quality assessed by local people was compared with the result of chemical composition. On the basis of local information and chemical composition, Hedera nepalensis and Hedyotis scandens were considered as very good fodder climbers.
Knowledge regarding prevention of road traffic accidents among the adolescents in a community at Dharan Municipality
Authors: Subba Neela , Subba Dipty 
Published: December 2021

Descriptive study with the aim to assess knowledge regarding prevention of road traffic accidents was done by administrating self-structured questionnaire among 100 adolescents (between 10-19 years) at Dharan Municipality. Questionnaire includes the information regarding demographic and knowledge about meaning, causes and prevention of road traffic accidents. Among the respondents 55% were male and 45% were female. Driver responsibility and not obeying traffic signals for occurrences of RTA, use of safety seat belts for minimizing Road Traffic Accident, were the most responses provided 85%, 91% and 81% respectively. Overall, only 33.34% had good knowledge regarding prevention of road traffic accidents. The study concludes the need for knowledge about accident prevention.
Recollections and taxo-ecological studies of Coleochaete scutata Bréb., Coleochaete pseudosoluta Gauthier-Lièvre and Coleochaete conchata Möb., West Bengal, India
Authors: Halder Nilu 
Published: December 2021

The present work had been carried out from Hooghly district, West Bengal, India in order to explore species diversity of the taxon Coleochaete Bréb. of the family Coleochaetaceae under the order Chaetophorales belonging to the class Chlorophyceae. There were some structural complexities and variations among the species. A total number of three species namely Coleochaete scutata Bréb., Coleochaete pseudosoluta Gauthier-Lièvre and Coleochaete conchata Möb. were collected and identified first time from this area. They were described with illustrations and some other valuable information. Shape, size and colour of vegetative and reproductive cells or structures were considered as taxonomic parameters for their identifications. Among them, Coleochaete scutata Bréb. was very common while other two species were rare in occurrence in this district. They are all epiphytes on submerged angiospermic plants. Perusal of cited literatures revealed that the above mentioned species were third time reports from West Bengal, India. Limnological study of water analysis showed that water was weakly alkaline and the aquatic ecosystems were oligotrophic and monomictic types.
Wetland vegetation of Biratnagar, Nepal
Authors: Niroula Bhabindra , Jha Sasinath 
Published: December 2021

In total, 128 species of aquatic macrophytes (angiosperms 120, pteridophytes 6, bryophyte 1 and alga 1) were recorded among which 37 species were helophytes, 35 tenagophytes, 37 hyperhydates, 6 epihydates, 5 vittates, 1 rosulate and 5 pleustophytes on the basis of growth form. Based on the frequency of occurrence 2% were abundant, 12% frequent, 76% occasional and 10% scarce. Seven macrophyte communities were recorded on the basis of habitat. These were: 1. deep water submerged associes; 2. shallow water submerged associes; 3. Floating- leaf form associes; 4. free floating-leaf form associes; 5. Amphibious-marsh associes; 6. moist meadow associes; and 7. dry mud associes.
The sex ratio, Gonadosomatic Index and Fecundity of the Copper Mahaseer, Neolissochilus hexagonolepis (Mc Clelland, 1839) from Tamor river, Nepal
Authors: Subba S. , Mahaseth V. K. 
Published: December 2021

The sex ratio, Gonado Somatic Index and fecundity of the Copper Mahseer, Neolissochilus hexagonolepis were investigated. The sex ratio was 1:1.2 (Male to female). The gonado-somatic index ranged from 0.084 % to 16.47 % for female fish and 0.086% to 5.81 % for male fish. The highest mean GSI 9.037 % was recorded in July for female fishes and the highest 2.838 % was recorded in September for male fishes. The total weight and total length of the fishes had strong positive correlation. Also, the correlation between the weight of gonad and GSI was positively correlated. Absolute fecundity ranged from to 11424. Fecundity had strong positive correlation with total length (r = 0.98), total weight (r= 0.9) and total length (r= 0.88).
Isolation of Alkaloids from Papaver rhoeas (Papaveraceae) Wildly Grown in Iraq
Authors: Ayad Lafta Amenah , N. Hamad Maha 
Published: December 2021

The plant Papaver rhoeas ,which belongs to family Papaveraceae and known as common poppy is wildly grown in Iraq .It was used in traditional medicine in wide range of diseases including inflammation, diarrhea, sleep disorders, treatment of cough, analgesia, and also to reduce the withdrawal signs of opioid addiction.
The project provide the first comprehensive research done in Iraq to study the phytochemical and the methods of extraction and separation of alkaloids from Papaver rhoeas wildly grown in Iraq .The plant was harvested in April 2019 from Zurbatiya is an Iraqi town located at the northeast of Waist province in Iraq.The collected plant was washed thoroughly, dries under shade, and grounding in a mechanical grinder to fine powder. The plant was extracted by hot extraction method using Methanol then fractionation was done to separate alkaloids from chloroform Fraction by TLC and PTLC .The alkaloids were isolated and purified by PTLC then subjected to various analytical techniques for alkaloids identification such as UV, LC mass and IR .The result was indicated of three alkaloids (dihydrocodien, chelidonine and papaverrubine C) in Papaver rhoeas plant.
Analysis of CSR effort affect on company results and employee awareness
Authors: Harmsone Annija 
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article explores several factors of corporate social responsibility (CSR) influencing various aspects of a company, including profitability, efficiency and employee attitude and wellbeing, further focusing on employee CSR awareness. Approximately
Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to determine how companies CSR efforts are affecting the company results and employee awareness, with discussion of latest available researches from 2020 and to date, including an analysis of employee awareness in a selected company in Latvia during 2020. A quantitative method is used in this study, using a questionnaire for analysis of Atea Global Services Ltd employee CSR awareness, conducted by the companies CSR Ambassadors team. Data was collected from the internal survey conducted among employees of the Atea Group company in Latvia, with the total of 108 company employed participants out of 465 existing employees. The main tasks of the article are 1) to indicate and discuss possible outcomes of companies CSR efforts and employee awareness based on existing recent researches; 2) to understand whether employees were aware of the existing “CSR Ambassadors” initiative in Atea Global Services Ltd. (AGS) based on the conducted survey; 3) to determine the employee level of knowledge of the general CSR concept and company’s CSR initiatives based on their self-evaluation.
Results. The article provides several theoretical aspects of CSR effort outcomes, including increased profitability, customer satisfaction, employee retention and an overall positive company image. Findings show that the employees of Atea Global Services are largely aware of the CSR Ambassadors initiative, but show a lack of understanding of the performed activities due to moderate level of internal communication on the subject.
Conclusions. The theoretical research indicate several positive aspects for companies to support their CSR efforts as well as some possible implications. Theoretical research results may be applied to understand CSR efforts in various industries, however, the practical example of employee awareness research is limited to a single company in the information technology industry and requires further research for wider application.
An investigation of methods for calculating the volume of methane dissolved in reservoir water
Authors: Fominykh O. V. , Leontiev S. A. 
Published: December 2021

Existing gas production technologies limit gas recovery at the level of 85 %. Therefore, it is important to introduce technologies that make it possible to maximize the volume of production and intensify the inflow; for their selection it is important to have a reliable estimate of the residual gas reserves, since with a significant volume of the aquifer of gas fields, the volume of dissolved gas can be up to 10 % of the total reserves of the reservoir, which should be taken into account when designing the application of technologies to increase gas recovery.The main hydrocarbon dissolving in reservoir water is methane. In this regard, it is of interest to study methods that make it possible to determine the volume of hydrocarbon gases dissolved in saline water, which will make it possible to determine the total reserves of such gas. We investigated the existing methods for calculating the amount of methane dissolved in reservoir water, and gave a quantitative assessment of the volume of gas dissolved in water.
Predictive control of the starting pressure of the main oil pipeline
Authors: Yakupov A. U. , Cherentsov D. A. , Toropov S. Yu. , Zemenkova M. Yu. , Shabarov A. B. , Chizhevskaya E. L. , Ponomareva T. G. 
Published: December 2021

The article calculates the starting pressures and the time of safe shutdown of the pipeline during the transportation of high-viscosity and high pour point oils, the rheological properties of which depend on temperature. When the oil temperature decreases, its viscosity increases and paraffins are released, forming a strong structure, for which additional stress is necessary to shift. To start a stopped oil pipeline transporting oil with such characteristics, the pressure developed by the pumps may not be enough. In this regard, it is necessary to determine the safe time of stopping the oil pipeline. The relevance increases with an increase in the share of high-viscosity and high pour point oil in the total production volume. Predictive control, based on the analysis of data on the characteristics of the transported product and forecasting the nature of their changes, is an intelligent tool for managing the efficiency of technological transport enterprises. Predictive control allows you to choose the optimal way to ensure reliable and trouble-free operation of the main equipment of hydrocarbon transport systems.A numerical experiment was carried out for the effect of seasonal cooling devices to protect permafrost soils from thawing, at the time of a safe shutdown of the oil pipeline. The values of starting pressures have been determined. Dependence of the pressures on the duration of the safe shutdown of the pipeline has been established. It was revealed that due to the operation of seasonally operating cooling devices, the difference between the temperature soil and oil increases during cooling, and the cooling rate increases. More pressure will be required to launch such an oil pipeline.
Investigation of the nature of suspended matter under the influence of the facies-genetic characteristics of bottom sediments
Authors: Katanov Yu. E. , Zubchenko I. O. , Tarasenko A. V. , Vorobjeva S. V. 
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to obtain a mathematical model to assess the influence of the facies and genetic characteristics of bottom sediments on the distribution of suspended matter during dredging.The addressed problem is associated with the detrimental effect of bottom sediments during hydraulic works on the ecological state of a water body. An increase in the level of technogenic turbidity leads to redistribution of the thermal conductivity of water masses and corresponding deterioration in the habitat of aquatic organisms. The development of a mathematical model for the distribution of suspended matter is an urgent task, the solution of which will allow us to analyze the area of distribution of each of the facies of bottom sediment during dredging operations.A mathematical model of the distribution of facies of suspended matter during dredging operations based on the finite difference method has been developed. Software for modeling and visual representation of the process of propagation of facies of suspended matter in the water space of the Gorin River during dredging operations has been developed using C# software, Visual Studio software development environment.The scientific novelty of the performed work is a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the distribution of suspended solids during dredging operations under conditions of hydrogeological uncertainty.