bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teachers’ Transnational Identities as Activity: Constructing Mobility Systems at the Intersections of Gender and Language Difference
Authors: Sánchez‐Martín Cristina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhile studies following a translingual orientation have demonstrated the potential for decolonial pedagogical practices (Cushman, 2016), including teachers’ self‐decolonization by drawing on their translinguistic identities (Motha, Jain, & Tecle, 2012), a translingual paradigm and pedagogy also has the potential to address “the intersection of several structuring nodes in the colonial matrix of power” (Cushman, 2016, p. 238). Some studies have put forth women’s narratives and lived experiences as teachers (Motha, Jain, & Tecle, 2012; Park, 2017); however, few studies have investigated identity construction at the intersections of language and gender when teachers are asked to explicitly engage in translingual and transnational labor. Drawing on mobility systems (Fraiberg, 2018), Individual Networks of Practice (INoPs) (Zappa‐Hollman & Duff, 2015), and translingualism (Canagarajah, 2012), this qualitative study offers a detailed account of how four emergent teacher scholars construct their teaching identities when they were encouraged to scrutinize transnational spaces and identities. In particular, the study has two purposes: 1) to investigate the decolonial potential of translingual and transnational paradigms as emergent teacher scholars reflect on their identities at the intersections of language and gender and 2), to document identity reconstruction in relation to the environments and sociocultural contexts of their transnational experiences. Besides the affordances of narrative and/or autobiographical writing through translingual and transnational perspectives, the study demonstrates the benefits of identity reconstruction through mobile systems (Fraiberg, 2018) in creating opportunities for agency within oppressive discourses of language and gender in the TESOL field.
Quantification = Economization? Numbers, Ratings and Rankings in the Prison Service of England and Wales
Authors: Guter-Sandu Andrei , Mennicken Andrea 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper uses the case of prison privatization in England and Wales to scrutinize what it means to “economize the social” through numbers. It argues that we ought to be careful not to equate quantification with economization. To uncover the multiple effects of economization and quantification brought about by new public management reforms and prison privatization, one needs to set presumed dichotomies between the public and the private aside and turn instead to the multiplicity of economizing practices (curtailing, marketizing, financializing) and their implication in different forms of quantification. Ironically, numbers and state contracts governing privately managed prisons also shielded these establishments from economization (e.g. budgetary savings requests); and it is the public prisons that have been exposed the most to measures of government austerity.
Homo Statisticus: A History of France’s General Public Statistical Infrastructure on Population Since 1950
Authors: Amossé Thomas 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChanges of public statistical infrastructure on population shed light on the transformation of views of quantification from France’s post-war boom to recent years. Witnessing a crisis of totalization as well as a neoliberal inflection, this classic tool of quantification has been profoundly transformed, as much in its themes and technical characteristics as in the questions it poses and categories it retains. Three models progressively overlap one another: the “representative household survey”, the “biographical investigation”, and the “matched panel”. From these models emerge three types of being that the different statistical infrastructures address—the homo statisticus they contribute to defining—herein called subject, person, and individual, in reference to the three pillars of Alain Supiot’s “homo juridicus”.
New discovery modes for a light charged Higgs boson at the LHC
Authors: Arhrib A. , Benbrik R. , Krab M. , Manaut B. , Moretti S. , Wang Yan , Yan Qi-Shu 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
At the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), both the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations have been searching for light charged Higgs bosons via top (anti)quark production and decays channels, like pp → t$$ \overline{t} $$

t
¯

with one top (anti)quark decaying into a charged Higgs boson and a b (anti)quark, when the decay is kinematically open (i.e., when $$ {m}_{H^{\pm }} $$

m

H
±

≲ mt). In this paper, we propose new searches at the LHC involving light charged Higgs bosons via their pair production channels like pp → H±h/A and pp → H+H− in the 2-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) Type-I and -X scenarios. By focusing on the case where the heavy H state plays the role of the Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs boson with a mass near 125 GeV, we study the aforementioned Higgs boson pair production channels and investigate their bosonic decays, such as H± → W±h and/or H± → W±A. We demonstrate that for a light charged Higgs boson state, with $$ {m}_{H^{\pm }} $$

m

H
±

≲ mt, at the LHC, such di-Higgs production and decay channels can give rise to signatures with event rates much larger than those emerging from pp → t$$ \overline{t} $$

t
¯

→ t$$ \overline{b} $$

b
¯

H− + c.c. We specifically study h/A → b$$ \overline{b} $$

b
¯

and τ+τ− decays. We, therefore, claim that the discussed combination of new production and decay modes can result in an alternative discovery channel for charged Higgs bosons lighter than the top (anti)quark at the LHC within the above two 2HDM Types. Finally, in order to motivate experimentalists in ATLAS and CMS to search for such signatures, we propose 16 Benchmark Points (BPs) which are compatible with both theoretical and experimental constraints.
Mellin amplitudes for 1d CFT
Authors: Bianchi Lorenzo , Bliard Gabriel , Forini Valentina , Peveri Giulia 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We define a Mellin amplitude for CFT1 four-point functions. Its analytical properties are inferred from physical requirements on the correlator. We discuss the analytic continuation that is necessary for a fully nonperturbative definition of the Mellin transform. The resulting bounded, meromorphic function of a single complex variable is used to derive an infinite set of nonperturbative sum rules for CFT data of exchanged operators, which we test on known examples. We then consider the perturbative setup produced by quartic interactions with an arbitrary number of derivatives in a bulk AdS2 field theory. With our formalism, we obtain a closed-form expression for the Mellin transform of tree-level contact interactions and for the first correction to the scaling dimension of “two-particle” operators exchanged in the generalized free field theory correlator.
Topoisomerase poisoning by the flavonoid nevadensin triggers DNA damage and apoptosis in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells
Authors: Müller Lena , Schütte Larissa Rhonda Friederike , Bücksteeg David , Alfke Julian , Uebel Thomas , Esselen Melanie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNevadensin, an abundant polyphenol of basil, is reported to reduce alkenylbenzene DNA adduct formation. Furthermore, it has a wide spectrum of further pharmacological properties. The presented study focuses the impact of nevadensin on topoisomerases (TOPO) in vitro. Considering the DNA-intercalating properties of flavonoids, first, minor groove binding properties (IC50 = 31.63 µM), as well as DNA intercalation (IC50 = 296.91 µM) of nevadensin, was found. To determine potential in vitro effects on TOPO I and TOPO IIα, the relaxation and decatenation assay was performed in a concentration range of 1–500 µM nevadensin. A partial inhibition was detected for TOPO I at concentrations  ≥ 100 µM, whereas TOPO IIα activity is only inhibited at concentrations  ≥ 250 µM. To clarify the mode of action, the isolating in vivo complex of enzyme assay was carried out using human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. After 1 h of incubation, the amount of TOPO I linked to DNA was significantly increased by nevadensin (500 µM), why nevadensin was characterized as TOPO I poison. However, no effects on TOPO IIα were detected in the cellular test system. As a subsequent cellular response to TOPO I poisoning, a highly significant increase of DNA damage after 2 h and a decrease of cell viability after 48 h at the same concentration range were found. Furthermore, after 24 h of incubation a G2/M arrest was observed at concentrations ≥ 100 µM by flow cytometry. The analysis of cell death revealed that nevadensin induces the intrinsic apoptotic pathway via activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. The results suggest that cell cycle disruption and apoptotic events play key roles in the cellular response to TOPO I poisoning caused by nevadensin in HT29 cells.
Cyclodextrin-assisted surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: a critical review
Authors: Markina Natalia E. , Cialla-May Dana , Markin Alexey V. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNumerous approaches have been proposed to overcome the intrinsically low selectivity of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and the modification of SERS substrates with diverse recognition molecules is one of such approaches. In contrast to the use of antibodies, aptamers, and molecularly imprinted polymers, application of cyclodextrins (CDs) is still developing with less than 100 papers since 1993. Therefore, the main goal of this review is the critical analysis of all available papers on the use of CDs in SERS analysis, including physicochemical studies of CD complexation and the effect of CD presence on the Raman enhancement. The results of the review reveal that there is controversial information about CD efficiency and further experimental investigations have to be done in order to estimate the real potential of CDs in SERS-based analysis.
Graphical abstract
Autopolyploidization affects transcript patterns and gene targeting frequencies in Physcomitrella
Authors: Rempfer Christine , Wiedemann Gertrud , Schween Gabriele , Kerres Klaus L. , Lucht Jan M. , Horres Ralf , Decker Eva L. , Reski Ralf 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Key message
In Physcomitrella, whole-genome duplications affected the expression of about 3.7% of the protein-encoding genes, some of them relevant for DNA repair, resulting in a massively reduced gene-targeting frequency.

Abstract
Qualitative changes in gene expression after an autopolyploidization event, a pure duplication of the whole genome (WGD), might be relevant for a different regulation of molecular mechanisms between angiosperms growing in a life cycle with a dominant diploid sporophytic stage and the haploid-dominant mosses. Whereas angiosperms repair DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) preferentially via non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), in the moss Physcomitrella homologous recombination (HR) is the main DNA–DSB repair pathway. HR facilitates the precise integration of foreign DNA into the genome via gene targeting (GT). Here, we studied the influence of ploidy on gene expression patterns and GT efficiency in Physcomitrella using haploid plants and autodiploid plants, generated via an artificial WGD. Single cells (protoplasts) were transfected with a GT construct and material from different time-points after transfection was analysed by microarrays and SuperSAGE sequencing. In the SuperSAGE data, we detected 3.7% of the Physcomitrella genes as differentially expressed in response to the WGD event. Among the differentially expressed genes involved in DNA–DSB repair was an upregulated gene encoding the X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 4 (XRCC4), a key player in NHEJ. Analysing the GT efficiency, we observed that autodiploid plants were significantly GT suppressed (p < 0.001) attaining only one third of the expected GT rates. Hence, an alteration of global transcript patterns, including genes related to DNA repair, in autodiploid Physcomitrella plants correlated with a drastic suppression of HR.
Yes, they can: polar bears Ursus maritimus successfully hunt Svalbard reindeer Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus
Authors: Stempniewicz Lech , Kulaszewicz Izabela , Aars Jon 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe polar bearUrsus maritimusis one of the species most endangered by the rapidly declining sea–ice cover in the Arctic, which they use as a platform to hunt fatty, high-energy seals. In recent decades, more polar bears have been forced to remain longer on land, so their access to seals is limited. The importance of terrestrial food to polar bears is disputable, and more data are needed. Terrestrial ungulates could be an attractive substitute prey for them. Svalbard reindeerRangifer tarandus platyrhynchusare prevalent and their distribution is completely within the range of polar bears. They constitute an attractive potential prey offering a significant energy return. Pre-2000 sources state that polar bears do not attack Svalbard reindeer. This report is the first description and documentation of the complete course of a polar bear hunt for adult reindeer in Hornsund, SW Spitsbergen, and also of the bear’s hunting behaviour and the reindeer’s response. Further, we report several other recent instances of bear–reindeer interactions in Svalbard, suggesting that polar bears now hunt reindeer more frequently than they used to. This increase in hunting is probably linked to the reduced ice cover, with bears spending more time on land, and a growing reindeer population. This study adds to earlier papers on how polar bears in Svalbard have increasingly shifted to a more terrestrial diet, and indicates that they may have an enhanced role as an apex predator in the terrestrial ecosystem.
Retinal thinning in phenylketonuria and Gaucher disease type 3
Authors: Hopf Susanne , Schuster Alexander K. , Hennermann Julia B. , Pfeiffer Norbert , Pitz Susanne 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Retinal alterations in inherited metabolic diseases associated with neurodegeneration are poorly studied. The objective was to study retinal thickness, specifically the components of the ganglion cell complex (GCC)—nerve fiber layer (NFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), and inner plexiform layer (IPL)—using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in two different diseases with potential dopaminergic depletion, phenylketonuria (PKU) and Gaucher disease type 3 (GD3).

Methods
Retinal layers in 19 patients with PKU, 15 patients with GD3, and 93 healthy individuals were measured using peripapillary ring scan and macular SD-OCT. Linear mixed models were computed including an adjustment for age, sex, and spherical equivalent. We calculated Spearman’s rank correlations between retinal layer measurements and clinical and/or laboratory parameters.

Results
Thinning of total retinal thickness was found in the macular inner ring (p = 0.002), and outer ring (p = 0.012), sparing the fovea (p = 0.12) in PKU, while in GD3, all subfields were thinned (fovea p < 0.001, inner ring p = 0.047, outer ring 0.07). In both conditions, thinning was most evident in the NFL, GCL, and IPL, while OPL (outer plexiform layer) was thickened. Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer measurements remained normal. GCL and IPL in PKU correlated with tyrosine serum concentration.

Conclusion
Thinning of the NFL, GCL, and IPL, with thickened OPL, are both found in PKU and in GD3. Low dopamine concentrations in the retina might promote these effects. However, these data do not give evidence that retinal measurements can be used as a biomarker for disease severity in patients with GD3.
Diagnostic validity of early proximal caries detection using near-infrared imaging technology on 3D range data of posterior teeth
Authors: Litzenburger Friederike , Heck Katrin , Kaisarly Dalia , Kunzelmann Karl-Heinz 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Objectives
This in vitro study analysed potential of early proximal caries detection using 3D range data of teeth consisting of near-infrared reflection images at 850 nm (NIRR).

Materials and methods
Two hundred fifty healthy and carious permanent human teeth were arranged pairwise, examined with bitewing radiography (BWR) and NIRR and validated with micro-computed tomography. NIRR findings were evaluated from buccal, lingual and occlusal (trilateral) views according to yes/no decisions about presence of caries. Reliability assessments included kappa statistics and revealed high agreement for both methods. Statistical analysis included cross tabulation and calculation of sensitivity, specificity and AUC.

Results
Underestimation of caries was 24.8% for NIRR and 26.4% for BWR. Overestimation was 10.4% for occlusal NIRR and 0% for BWR. Trilateral NIRR had overall accuracy of 64.8%, overestimation of 15.6% and underestimation of 19.6%. NIRR and BWR showed high specificity and low sensitivity for proximal caries detection.

Conclusions
NIRR achieved diagnostic results comparable to BWR. Trilateral NIRR assessments overestimated presence of proximal caries, revealing stronger sensitivity for initial caries detection than BWR.

Clinical relevance
NIRR provided valid complement to BWR as diagnostic instrument. Investigation from multiple angles did not substantially improve proximal caries detection with NIRR.
Quality of life and mental health in children and adolescents during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: results of a two-wave nationwide population-based study
Authors: Ravens-Sieberer Ulrike , Kaman Anne , Erhart Michael , Otto Christiane , Devine Janine , Löffler Constanze , Hurrelmann Klaus , Bullinger Monika , Barkmann Claus , Siegel Nico A. , Simon Anja M. , Wieler Lothar H. , Schlack Robert , Hölling Heike 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the lives of children and adolescents worldwide. The German COPSY study is among the first population-based longitudinal studies to examine the mental health impact of the pandemic. The objective of the study was to assess changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and mental health in children and adolescents and to identify the associated risk and resource factors during the pandemic.

Methods
A nationwide longitudinal survey was conducted with two waves during the pandemic (May/June 2020 and December 2020/January 2021). In total, n = 1923 children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years and their parents participated (retention rate from wave 1 to wave 2: 85%). The self-report and parent-proxy surveys assessed HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-10), mental health problems (SDQ with the subscales emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems), anxiety (SCARED), depressive symptoms (CES-DC, PHQ-2) and psychosomatic complaints (HBSC-SCL). Mixed model panel regression analyses were conducted to examine longitudinal changes in mental health and to identify risk and resource factors.

Results
The HRQoL of children and adolescents decreased during the pandemic, and emotional problems, peer-related mental health problems, anxiety, depressive and psychosomatic symptoms increased over time, however the change in global mental health problems from wave 1 to wave 2 was not significant, and some changes were negligible. Socially disadvantaged children and children of mentally burdened parents were at particular risk of impaired mental health, while female gender and older age were associated with fewer mental health problems. A positive family climate and social support supported the mental health of children and adolescents during the pandemic.

Discussion
Health promotion, prevention and intervention strategies could support children and adolescents in coping with the pandemic and protect and maintain their mental health.
Support theorems for Funk-type isodistant Radon transforms on constant curvature spaces
Authors: Kurusa Árpád 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA connected maximal submanifold in a constant curvature space is called isodistant if its points are in equal distances from a totally geodesic of codimension 1. The isodistant Radon transform of a suitable real function f on a constant curvature space is the function on the set of the isodistants that gives the integrals of f over the isodistants using the canonical measure. Inverting the isodistant Radon transform is severely overdetermined because the totally geodesic Radon transform, which is a restriction of the isodistant Radon transform, is invertible on some large classes of functions. This raises the admissibility problem that is about finding reasonably small subsets of the set of the isodistants such that the associated restrictions of the isodistant Radon transform are injective on a reasonably large set of functions. One of the main results of this paper is that the Funk-type sets of isodistants are admissible, because the associated restrictions of the isodistant Radon transform, we call them Funk-type isodistant Radon transforms, satisfy appropriate support theorems on a large set of functions. This unifies and sharpens several earlier results for the sphere, and brings to light new results for every constant curvature space.
Dual contextual module for neural machine translation
Authors: Ampomah Isaac Kojo Essel , McClean Sally , Hawe Glenn 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSelf-attention-based encoder-decoder frameworks have drawn increasing attention in recent years. The self-attention mechanism generates contextual representations by attending to all tokens in the sentence. Despite improvements in performance, recent research argues that the self-attention mechanism tends to concentrate more on the global context with less emphasis on the contextual information available within the local neighbourhood of tokens. This work presents the Dual Contextual (DC) module, an extension of the conventional self-attention unit, to effectively leverage both the local and global contextual information. The goal is to further improve the sentence representation ability of the encoder and decoder subnetworks, thus enhancing the overall performance of the translation model. Experimental results on WMT’14 English-German (En$$\rightarrow $$
→
De) and eight IWSLT translation tasks show that the DC module can further improve the translation performance of the Transformer model.
Relating matrix stress to local stress on a hard microstructural inclusion for understanding cleavage fracture in high strength steel
Authors: Jiang Quanxin , Bertolo V. M. , Popovich V. A. , Sietsma J. , Walters Carey L. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMacroscale cleavage fracture toughness of high strength steels is strongly related to the fracture of hard microstructural inclusions. Therefore, an accurate determination of the local stress on these inclusions based on the matrix stress is necessary for the statistical modelling of macroscale cleavage fracture. This paper presents analytical equations to quantitatively estimate the stress of the microstructural inclusions from the far-field stress of the matrix. The analytical equations account for the inclusion shape, the inclusion orientation, the far-field stress state and matrix material properties. Finite element modelling of a representative volume element containing a hard inclusion shows that the equations provide an accurate representation of the local stress state. The equations are implemented into a multi-barrier model and compared with CTOD experiments with two different levels of constraint.