bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monitoring nuclear test sites with GERESS
Authors: Jost M. L. , Schweitzer J. , Harjes H.-P. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSince the installation of the 25-element GERman Experimental Seismic System (GERESS) array in southeastern Germany in 1990, 36 presumed nuclear tests were recorded by this system: 16 from Nevada, 12 from the Tuamotu Archipelago, 7 from Lop Nor, and 1 from Novaya Zemlya. Also, a chemical calibration experiment at Nevada Test Site (NPE) was observed at the array in 1993. In addition, two presumed nuclear events from Nevada, four from the Tuamotu Archipelago, and six from eastern Kazakhstan were recorded on temporary stations close to the GERESS array during the site survey (1988 to 1989). These latter 12 events were carefully included in this study to broaden the data set. This has been done since the number of underground nuclear tests observable at the GERESS site is not expected to increase significantly in the future because most nuclear powers have adhered to a moratorium on nuclear testing. In addition, we also do not expect that peaceful nuclear explosions (PNE) will be detonated in the future due to reasons of environmental hazard. Concentrating on Nevada Test Site and the Tuamotu Archipelago, a cross-correlation method and a cluster analysis indicate subgroups of the data. These empirical methods clearly discriminate presumed nuclear tests on the islands of Mururoa and Fangataufa. In addition, detection thresholds at GERESS were estimated based on bodywave magnitudes published by ISC: mb = 4.3 for the Nevada Test Site, mb = 3.9 for the Tuamotu Archipelago, mb = 4.6 for Lop Nor, mb = 4.3 for Novaya Zemlya, and mb = 4.4 for eastern Kazakhstan. Clearly, these path-specific detection thresholds deviate substantially from those derived from global amplitude-distance relations (i.e., Gutenberg-Richter). This indicates that a network of seismic stations used for global monitoring purposes may need careful calibration.
Instrument responses of digital seismographs at Borovoye, Kazakhstan, by inversion of transient calibration pulses
Authors: Kim Won-Young , Ekström Göran 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA method is developed to determine the response of digital seismographs from transient calibration pulses. Based on linear system theory, the digital seismograph is represented by a set of first- and higher-order linear filters characterized by their cutoff frequencies and damping coefficients. The transient calibration pulse is parameterized by a set of instrument constants, and the problem is linearized for small perturbations of the constants with respect to their nominal values. The observed calibration pulse shape is matched in the time domain using an iterative linearized inverse technique. The method is used to derive complete instrument responses for digital seismographs operating at the Borovoye Observatory (BRVK) in Kazakhstan, for which previously only the amplitude responses have been determined. To test this method, we apply it to calibration pulses from a modern digital seismograph system at Kislovodsk (KIV) in northern Caucasus, Russia, and obtain good agreement between known and derived instrument constants. The results of the calibration pulse shape inversion for these seismographs indicate that the method is efficient and that the results are reliable even when microseismic noise is present in the recorded transient calibration pulse. The derived parameters make possible improved quantitative waveform analysis of digital seismograms recorded at BRVK.
Continuous monitoring of seismic energy release associated with the 1994 Northridge earthquake and the 1992 Landers earthquake
Authors: Kedar Sharon , Kanamori Hiroo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe have developed a method to detect long-period precursors for large earthquakes observed in southern California, if they occur. The method allows us to continuously monitor seismic energy radiation over a wide frequency band to investigate slow deformation in the crust (e.g., slow earthquakes), especially before large earthquakes. We used the long-period records (1 sample/sec) from TERRAscope, a broadband seismic network in southern California. The method consists of dividing the record into a series of overlapping 30-min-long windows, computing the spectra over a frequency band of 0.00055 to 0.1 Hz, and plotting them in the form of a time-frequency diagram called spectrogram. This procedure is repeated daily over a day-long record. We have analyzed the 17 January 1994 Northridge earthquake (Mw = 6.7), and the 28 June 1992 Landers earthquake (Mw = 7.3). No slow precursor with spectral amplitude measured over a duration of 30 min larger than that of a magnitude 3.7 was detected prior to either event. In other words, there was no precursor whose moment was larger than ∼0.003% of the mainshock.
A seismic source summary for Soviet peaceful nuclear explosions
Authors: Sultanov D. D. , Murphy J. R. , Rubinstein Kh. D. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A summary of information is presented for 122 Soviet peaceful nuclear explosions (PNE) detonated during the 1965 to 1988 time period. The data presented include detonation times, locations, explosion yields, and depths of burial, as well as summary information regarding the explosion configurations and source emplacement media. This summary is intended to provide a concise reference for use in research studies of the seismic data recorded from this unique set of explosion sources.
Teleseismic slowness-azimuth station corrections for the International Monitoring System Seismic Network
Authors: Bondár István , North Robert G. , Beall Gregory 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The prototype International Data Center (PIDC) in Arlington, Virginia, has been developing and testing software and procedures for use in the verification of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. After three years of operation with a global network of array and three-component stations, it has been possible to characterize various systematic biases of those stations that are designated in the Treaty as part of the International Monitoring System (IMS). These biases include deviations of azimuth and slowness measurements from predicted values, caused largely by lateral heterogeneity. For events recorded by few stations, azimuth and slowness are used in addition to arrival-time data for location by the PIDC. Corrections to teleseismic azimuth and slowness observations have been empirically determined for most IMS stations providing data to the PIDC. Application of these corrections is shown to improve signal association and event location. At some stations an overall systematic bias can be ascribed to local crustal structure or to unreported instrumental problems. The corrections have been applied in routine operation of the PIDC since February 1998.
Vibroseis recording techniques and data reduction from the Jemez Tomography Experiment
Authors: Davidson Mark E. , Braile Lawrence W. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The Jemez Tomography Experiment (JTEX) is a multidisciplinary study focused on the Valles Caldera and the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico. The objectives of the project are to create a high resolution crustal model of the subsurface structure of this silicic volcanic system and to develop an interpretation of its volcanic evolution. Use of Vibroseis sources in the acquisition of refraction/wide-angle reflection seismic data provided challenges beyond conventional explosive-source data. Processing of the JTEX Vibroseis data is an involved procedure consisting of sorting, cross-correlating, filtering, and stacking numerous individual seismograms in the production of final record sections. However, excellent results (high signal-to-noise seismograms at relatively small spacings) are obtainable with coherent arrivals at source-receiver distances of more than 60 km. The primary drawback in this approach lies in the massive volume of data that is necessary to produce record sections.
One benefit of the Vibroseis source used during JTEX was a method to decrease effective seismogram spacing. This technique, dubbed a “source-offset” technique, provides smaller overall seismograph station spacing by moving the Vibroseis sources during acquisition and leaving deployed seismographs stationary. After station corrections, this method effectively decreases station spacings and increases detail in resulting record sections. Various shallow crustal heterogeneities create travel-time advances and delays that affect the source-offset data differently than single-source data. Synthetic modeling demonstrates small travel-time discrepancies associated with the source-offset technique. However, the addition of traces with smaller station intervals clarifies secondary arrivals within record sections and aids in interpretation of these arrivals with a minimum amount of field effort required.
Iterative deconvolution and receiver-function estimation
Authors: Ligorría Juan Pablo , Ammon Charles J. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe describe and apply an iterative, time-domain deconvolution approach to receiver-function estimation and illustrate the reliability and advantages of the technique using synthetic- and observation-based examples. The iterative technique is commonly used in earthquake time-function studies and offers several advantages in receiver-function analysis such as intuitively stripping the largest receiver-function arrivals from the observed seismograms first and then the details; long-period stability by a priori constructing the deconvolution as a sum of Gaussian pulses; and easy generalization to allow multiwaveform deconvolution for a single receiver-function estimate.
Admission cardiotocography versus Doppler auscultation of fetal heart in high risk pregnancies in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria
Authors: Abbey Mkpe , Green Kinikanwo I. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Admission cardiotocography (CTG) and intermittent auscultation (IA) of the fetal heart might help to identify those foetuses that could not withstand the stress of labour and also predict neonatal outcome. The aim was to compare the associations of admission CTG findings and those of IA of the fetal heart with labour and neonatal outcome.Methods: It was a prospective COHORT study. 30 minutes admission CTG for each of the 387 participants was interpreted, using the FIGO 2015 guideline and physiological interpretation. Admission IA was also performed on the same patients. Women whose CTG showed chronic hypoxia had caesarean section while those with either suspicious or pathological CTG, had intrapartum fetal resuscitation. Those that responded proceeded to labour during which fetal condition was monitored with IA. Data was analysed using a statistical package for social science (SPSS) software, version 19.Results: 108 (28.57%) and 57 (15.08%) of the 378 participants had abnormal admission CTG and admission IA findings respectively. The sensitivity of abnormal admission CTG and IA to predict abnormal IA findings in labour were 70.59% and 41.18% respectively. Compared with admission IA, admission CTG was more likely to predict the following labour and neonatal outcomes: caesarean section rates 72 (70.59%) and 42 (41.18%) for admission CTG versus IA groups respectively; relative risk RR=1.714; 95% CI 1.317-2.231, 1 min Apgar score less than 7, 78 (89.66%) and 36 (41.38%); RR=2.167; 95% CI 1.670-2.810, 5 min Apgar score less than 7, 57 (90.48%) and 33 (52.38%); RR=1.727; 95% CI 1.347-2.215, admission to SCBU 51 (68%) and 30 (40%); RR=1.700; 95% CI 1.237-2.336, intrauterine fetal deaths and early neonatal death.Conclusions: Admission CTG was a better predictor of labour and neonatal outcome than admission IA. CTG was therefore highly recommended as an integral tool in the management of labour.
Assessment of subjective outcomes in women after treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Shivashankar Shruthi , Manjula N. V. 
Published: August 2021

Background: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are the most common symptoms in women at all age groups worldwide. Their overall prevalence among women is 67%, and incidence increases with age. To assess the impact of LUTS comprehensively, it is therefore necessary to measure both the level of an individual’s symptoms and the extent to which they impair their life. This is particularly important when making a decision as to whether an individual is likely to require or benefit from treatment, and in evaluating the effectiveness of such treatment. Aim and objectives were to assess the subjective outcomes in women following treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms using King’s health questionnaire (KHQ).Methods: This study was carried out in 106 women presenting with LUTS at Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria from November 2017 to June 2019. KHQ was used to assess subjective outcomes pre-treatment and 3 months post-treatment. Statistical analysis was done using the statistical software namely IBM statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) statistics version 22.Results: There was significant improvement in all the domains of KHQ indicating that patients had a better quality of life (QoL) post treatment. The mean total KHQ score decreased from a maximum of 40.14 at the pre-treatment time point to a minimum of 12.25 at the post treatment time point. This change was statistically significant. 90.6% of the participants had subjective improvement following treatment of LUTS. 9.4% of the participants reported no improvement in quality of life QoL following treatment of LUTS.Conclusions: This study shows the value of KHQ as an evaluation tool to determine the subjective outcome in women following treatment of LUTS. There was significant improvement in all the domains of KHQ between the two time points in our study indicating a better QoL following the treatment given with subjective improvement of 90.6%.
Study of effect of intra-umbilical oxytocin along with active management in third stage of labor
Authors: Verma Neetu , Soni Monica , Singh Priyanka 
Published: August 2021

Background: The aim of the study was to determine effect of intra-umbilical oxytocin along with active management on duration and amount of blood loss in 3rd of stage of labor.Methods: This was a hospital based prospective, randomized, case-control study conducted in the department of OBG between 1st September 2019 to 31st December 2020. After obtaining permission from ethical committee, screening of inclusion and exclusion criteria and informed consent of participants, 300 cases were enrolled. In group A (control) 20 ml normal saline and in group B (case) 20 IU oxytocin diluted in normal saline to make a 20 ml solution was given intra-umbilically along with standard active management of third stage labor. The data was systematically recorded and analysed.Results: Both the groups were comparable in terms of demographic data. A statistically significant reduction in the duration of third stage of labor (1.83±0.64 min in group B vs 2.92±0.79 min in group A), amount of blood loss (203.73±62.11 ml in group B vs 328.83±87.18 ml group A) and fall in haemoglobin (9.28±1.03 g/dl in the study group A vs 9.97±1.28 g/dl in group B) and haematocrit (31.20±3.05% in study group A vs 33.60±3.31% in study group B) were noted, taking p value significant <0.05.Conclusions: Intra-umbilical oxytocin was associated with a significant reduction in duration and amount blood loss in third stage of labor.
PERCEPÇÃO DO ASPECTO AMBIENTAL DA GESTÃO DAS MICRO E PEQUENAS EMPRESAS DO SETOR DE VESTUÁRIO NA REGIÃO DE MURIAÉ, ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS, A LUZ DO TRIPLE BOTTON LINE, BRASIL
Authors: Alcon Samira Novaes 
Published: August 2021

As Micro e Pequenas Empresas (MPEs) têm alta representatividade econômica, social e ambiental nas mais diversas economias, incluindo no Brasil. No setor do ramo de confecção foram investidos U$ 894,4 milhões e a produção média foi de 8,9 bilhões de peças onde foram gastos 1,2 milhão de toneladas de material têxtil, levando assim a um faturamento de U$ 48,3 bilhões da cadeia têxtil e confecção brasileira em 2019. O setor têxtil brasileiro, como um todo, gera resíduos na ordem de 175.000 toneladas/ano. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar a percepção de empresários do setor no Brasil, quanto à relevância das questões ambientais para as MPEs do ramo de confecção. A investigação deu-se por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e exploratória descritiva realizada junto a sete MPEs do segmento na cidade de Muriaé e região no Estado de Minas Gerais. Os resultados indicam carência de estrutura e de informações e condições para a efetiva absorção de conceitos e práticas de sustentabilidade nesta tipologia empresarial. Conclui-se que é necessário que as empresas, o arranjo produtivo local, as associações e sindicatos, desenvolvam estratégias e ações de apoio para a implementação e monitoramento de práticas sustentáveis no âmbito da MPEs deste segmento na região estudada.
Visualizar la mirada. Exploración artística a partir del seguimiento de ojos con imágenes en movimiento
Authors: Schianchi Alejandro , Bender Laurence , Guerra Ignacio , Ito Germán 
Published: August 2021

Se plantean una serie de reflexiones en torno a un proyecto de investigación-creación que explora la producción artística de visualizaciones a partir del registro experimental de la mirada frente a imágenes en movimiento. De esta manera, se relacionan elementos científico-tecnológicos de medición de la mirada con aspectos del lenguaje audiovisual y de la producción artística electrónica.
Las miradas se registran con un dispositivo de seguimiento ocular de alta resolución (eye tracker) aunque sus datos no son el objetivo final del presente análisis, sino parte fundamental de un proceso de creación de imágenes.
Las composiciones visuales creadas por software a partir de los recorridos oculares exhiben los aspectos activos y creativos involucrados en el proceso de mirar. Una mirada, en una mirada, de una mirada. El creador de las imágenes aporta la primera, la persona que las contempla mientras se registran los movimientos de sus ojos, la segunda, y por último, la de los espectadores de las visualizaciones resultantes.
Al visualizar la mirada de cada espectador se rescata la experiencia singular ante esas imágenes. La relación única entre el espectador y las escenas observadas materializada en una exploración estética.
Arquitectura, territorio y gubernamentalidad
Authors: Medero Santiago 
Published: August 2021

En las primeras décadas de independencia del país, no existía la arquitectura como profesión moderna y sus saberes estaban dispersos en diversas ocupaciones y tradiciones. Se sostiene aquí que el proceso de profesionalización en clave nacional estuvo íntimamente asociado al control territorial centralizado por parte del Estado que se consolidó tras la última gran guerra civil, en 1904. Asimismo, se conceptualiza tanto a la profesión arquitectónica como al Estado como un proceso de construcción continuo que tiene como finalidad el gobierno (gubernamentalidad en la concepción de Foucault). En ese sentido, la arquitectura ofreció al Estado una serie de herramientas disciplinares que conformaron el sentido de su jurisdicción profesional y la distinguieron de otros saberes y ocupaciones.
La realización de los hospitales públicos en el interior de la república en las primeras décadas del siglo XX muestra todos estos procesos y aún más: evidencia que el sistema de profesiones no solamente estaba regulado por la lucha jurisdiccional, sino que también poseía un importante grado de complementariedad. En efecto, medicina y arquitectura, fueron parte de una alianza que se construyó como parte del mismo proceso de gubernamentalidad llevado a cabo por la Asistencia Pública Nacional a partir de 1910.
Smoking Cessation Initiatives in Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: McConaghy Kara , Kunze Kyle N. , Murray Trevor , Molloy Robert , Piuzzi Nicolas S. 
Published: August 2021

» As smoking increases the risk of adverse events and leads to increased hospital costs following total joint arthroplasty (TJA), many institutions have introduced perioperative smoking cessation initiatives. Although such programs have been demonstrated to improve outcomes for smokers undergoing TJA, the optimal approach, duration, and timing of smoking cessation models have not been well-defined.» Overall, initiating a smoking cessation program 4 weeks preoperatively is likely adequate to provide clinically meaningful reductions in postoperative complications for smokers following TJA, although longer periods of cessation should be encouraged if feasible.» Patients brought in for emergency surgical treatment who cannot participate in a preoperative intervention may still benefit from an intervention instituted in the immediate postoperative period.» Cotinine testing may provide some benefit for encouraging successful smoking cessation and validating self-reported smoking status, although its utility is limited by its short half-life. Further study is needed to determine the value of other measures of cessation such as carbon monoxide breath testing.» Smoking cessation programs instituted prior to TJA have been demonstrated to be cost-effective over both the short and long term.
Cross-Platform Comparison of Arbitrary Quantum Computations
Authors: Cian Ze-Pei , Zhu Daiwei , Noel Crystal , Risinger Andrew , Biswas Debopriyo , Egan Laird , Zhu Yingyue , Green Alaina , Alderete Cinthia Huerta , Nguyen Nhung , Wang Qingfeng , Maksymov Andrii , Nam Yunseong , Cetina Marko , Linke Norbert , Hafezi Mohammad , Monroe Christopher 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
As we approach the era of quantum advantage, when quantum computers (QCs) can outperform any classical computer on particular tasks, there remains the difficult challenge of how to validate their performance. While algorithmic success can be easily verified in some instances such as number factoring or oracular algorithms, these approaches only provide pass/fail information for a single QC. On the other hand, a comparison between different QCs on the same arbitrary circuit provides a lower-bound for generic validation: a quantum computation is only as valid as the agreement between the results produced on different QCs. Such an approach is also at the heart of evaluating metrological standards such as disparate atomic clocks. In this paper, we report a cross-platform QC comparison using randomized and correlated measurements that results in a wealth of information on the QC systems. We execute several quantum circuits on widely different physical QC platforms and analyze the cross-platform fidelities.