bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engaging and Designing Place
Authors: David Bruno , Delannoy Jean-Jacques , Urwin Chris , Fresløv Joanna , Mullett Russell , Phillips Christine 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander sites are commonly thought about as ‘natural’ locations onto which people variously undertook activities. This chapter argues and shows that sites are architectural constructs, built through a combination of design (preplanning), bricolage (improvisation), and engagement. Sites are artefacts whose cultural modes of construction are amenable to archaeological investigation. By employing a chaîne opératoire approach to the study of sites as landscape-scale artefacts, how and when they were built can be worked out, offering new insights into the cultural history of peoples and places.
Durkheim and Social Movements
Authors: Jacobsson Kerstin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses Durkheim’s contribution to the theorization of social movements. The dominant Durkheimian approaches to social movements have been social disintegration approaches, on the one hand, and collective effervescence and ritual life-inspired analyses, on the other. This chapter suggests that there are other openings in Durkheim’s works as well that can be made productive for social movement theorizing, such as his sociology of morality as developed in Moral Education. It is argued that a distinctly Durkheimian understanding of social movements will entail an understanding of social movements as essentially moral phenomena. The chapter concludes that Durkheim’s reflections on morality in Moral Education allow for a theoretical perspective which is able to reconcile structure and agency, encompass a parallel focus on conflict and consensus, and allow for the theorization of emotional intensity as well as moral reflexivity in the analysis of social movements’ struggle for social change.
Studying Time with Qualitative Comparative Analysis
Authors: Maggetti Martino 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This chapter aims to show how qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) can be fruitfully applied for the operationalization and the empirical study of the time dimension. Different research strategies are presented and discussed: set calibration, temporal QCA, causal chains, two-step QCA, time-series QCA, and the execution of a separate QCA for each point in time, as well as other less common solutions. These research strategies refer to the incorporation of various conceptions of temporality in the analytical moment of QCA, that is, duration, sequences, tendency, and timing/time-sensitiveness. QCA-based mixed-method designs are also outlined, which are applied after a standard QCA to obtain an in-depth understanding of complex processes unfolding over time.
Indian Territory
Authors: Confer Clarissa W. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
American Indians residing in Indian Territory fought for both the Union and the Confederacy in the American Civil War. When war came to the region in 1861, the Five Nations—Creek, Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole—made choices derived from their cultural, political, and economic interests as sovereign nations. Military action ebbed and flowed through Indian Territory over four years, which displaced significant portions of the population at different times. At war’s end the Natives found themselves on opposing sides, both between and within the individual nations. The external as well as internal civil war deepened tribal divisions and caused substantial physical destruction and considerable human suffering.
Mississippi Valley, 1862
Authors: Pierson Michael D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Union victories at Island No. 10 and Forts Jackson and St. Philip in April 1862 allowed the United States to quickly capture New Orleans, Baton Rouge, Natchez, and Memphis. Their advances prompted the U.S. government to initiate Reconstruction policies that included the enlistment of White, Unionist Southerners. The government also worked with free Blacks, freedmen, and military commanders to start enlisting African American volunteers drawn from throughout the Mississippi Valley by passing the Second Confiscation Act. The Confederate government was badly shaken by its military defeats, especially because its troops suffered from widespread apathy, desertions, and mutinies throughout the Mississippi Valley in 1862. A Confederate conscription law was necessary to bolster its sagging army. The Confederate offensive at Baton Rouge in August was fueled in part by the conscription law and was aimed to interrupt Black enlistments and shore up slavery.
The Seven Days’ Battles and Public Opinion
Authors: Orr Timothy J. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the summer of 1862, Maj. Gen. George McClellan’s Army of the Potomac suffered a decisive defeat on the Yorktown Peninsula. During the so-called Seven Days Battles (June 25–July 1, 1862), sixteen thousand U.S. soldiers became casualties. In the aftermath, U.S. citizens and soldiers attempted to grapple with the consequences. Typically, political affiliation shaped Northerners’ opinions about the week-long engagement. Democrats spun the Seven Days as a masterful victory nearly foiled by the Union’s abolitionists, while their counterparts, the Republicans, saw the battles as a decisive defeat and a clarion call for radicalization. Meanwhile, in the Confederacy, Southerners embraced the victory—horrible though it was—for its decisiveness, often downplaying the twenty-one thousand C.S. casualties. Importantly, the Seven Days represented one of the first incidents from the Civil War when the public at large had to interpret the long-term ramifications of a military engagement.
The 1864 Invasion of Missouri
Authors: Beilein Joseph M. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In the fall of 1864, Confederate Maj. Gen. Sterling Price led a raid into his beloved state of Missouri that combined the efforts of guerrilla forces with those of his own Army of Missouri. Although the campaign proved disastrous for the Confederacy, it demonstrated the strategic potential of guerrilla and “conventional” troops working in concert with one another, if only for an instant. Missouri’s Southern-sympathizing guerrillas created havoc and served to distract Union troops away from Price’s invasion force. Price, meanwhile, restored some measure of hope to the state’s Southern White populace. By the end, though, it was too little too late: Price was unable to retake St. Louis or any other population center before the presidential election in November of that year, and many of the most powerful guerrilla leaders who came out to support the raid were killed and their supporters’ supplies all but exhausted.
Collective Decision-Making and Administrative Justice
Authors: Sant'Ambrogio Michael , Zimmerman Adam S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis chapter considers how administrative agencies in different countries use aggregate procedures to hear common claims brought by large groups of people. In many countries, administrative agencies promise each individual a ‘day in court’ to appear before a neutral decision-maker and receive a reasoned decision based on the factual record they develop. A handful of US and other countries’ administrative hearing programmes, however, have quietly bucked this trend—using class actions, statistical sampling, agency restitution, public inquiries, ‘test case’ proceedings, and other forms of mass adjudication to resolve disputes involving large groups of people. This chapter examines how administrative agencies can more effectively resolve common disputes with aggregate procedures. Aggregate procedures offer administrative agencies several benefits, including: 1) efficiently creating ways to pool information about recurring problems and enjoin systemic harms; 2) achieving greater equality in outcomes than individual adjudication; and 3) securing legal and expert assistance at critical stages in the process. By charting how administrative systems in different countries aggregate cases, we hope to show that collective hearing procedures can form an integral part of the adjudicatory process, while serving several different models of administrative justice.
The Feminization of Social Media Labor
Authors: Bishop Sophie , Duffy Brooke Erin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
While early techno-utopianists heralded the potential of the internet to challenge social hierarchies, most would concede that today’s digital media landscape is profoundly inequitable. Traditional markers of identity and inequality—including subjectivities of gender and femininity—persist online and are foregrounded across mainstream social media platforms like YouTube, Instagram, Pinterest, and TikTok. Against this backdrop, this chapter explores the ostensible feminization of various modes of social media labor, with particular attention to the cultures and practices of social media production and promotion (i.e., platformed content creation, digital entrepreneurship, social media management). To show how these activities are—much like earlier categories of “women’s work”—rendered socially and/or economically invisible, the authors examine four interrelated features of feminized labor: (1) the demand for emotional and affective expressions, (2) the discipline of aesthetics through the fraught ideal of “visibility,” (3) mandates for various kinds of flexibility, and (4) a deep imbrication with consumer capitalism. In exploring each of these features, the authors show how the patterned devaluation of gender-coded labor is exacerbated along other axes of oppression, including race, class, ethnicity, and sexuality. The authors conclude by calling for future inquiries into other cultures and expressions of social media labor, along with broader interrogations of platform visibility, vulnerability, and governance.
Environment and Development
Authors: Hochstetler Kathryn 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The divide between developed and developing countries has been a central organizing component of the comparative study of environmental politics and policy. This chapter argues that, much as international climate negotiations have moved away from a hard division, the study of comparative environmental politics should, too. The singling out of developing countries for a distinct treatment has meant overemphasis on a small set of—admittedly very important—topics like natural resource management and underemphasis on classic themes of comparative politics. In addition, it has allowed scholars of environmental politics in developed countries to write as though the range of empirical outcomes on a given topic is much smaller than it actually appears worldwide. Developed countries themselves increasingly act outside their presumed “normal” range, especially as recent populist governments have challenged scientific knowledge and democratic norms. As a result, both sides of the divide need fresh approaches that make fewer assumptions about the nature of environmental politics.
Legal Ethnology and Legal Anthropology in Hungary
Authors: Fekete Balázs 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
In this chapter, the history of legal ethnology and of legal anthropology in Hungary are viewed within a common frame. Contemporary Hungarian legal anthropologists see earlier legal ethnologists as important precursors; however, they also recognize that legal ethnology cannot be directly revitalized in the post-transitional period. Four phases of the history of these approaches to law in sociocultural context are discussed: (1) the birth of ethnographic interest in law around 1900; (2) the legislative programme focusing on the in-depth study of folk law at the end of the interwar period; (3) the decline and rehabilitation of legal ethnology in the socialist era; and (4) the emergence of ‘Western-style’ legal anthropology beginning in the 1990s. The chapter concludes with the observation that the conditions for the further development of legal anthropology in Hungary seem to be unfavourable.
The Cultural Defence
Authors: Dundes Renteln Alison 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis chapter considers how arguments based on cultural traditions and customary law influence the reasoning of judges in various jurisdictions through the use of cultural defences. A survey of cases reveals that judges consistently refuse to allow the introduction of evidence concerning litigants’ cultural backgrounds in legal proceedings. As explained here, the prescriptive version of cultural relativism calls attention to the context in which individuals act under cultural imperatives. It is the underlying theory that justifies culturally specific notions of reasonableness in criminal law and civil litigation. Although the defence is sometimes understood as limited to criminal cases, the chapter demonstrates how cultural factors also figure in cases involving exemptions and calculating damages in civil litigation. The chapter identifies several types of culture conflict, considers a theoretical framework for analysing cultural defences, and discusses practical difficulties associated with the implementation of the cultural defence policy. Anthropologists are often asked to serve as expert witnesses in these cases. How their involvement in the justice system may affect their professional reputations is also assessed. The final section offers suggestions as to likely new areas where cultural defences will be raised, such as military tribunals and educational systems. While proponents of the strategy contend that the courtroom door should be open to cultural argumentation, this does not mean the cultural factors should necessarily influence the disposition of the cases, particularly if the customs central to the dispute involve irreparable harm.
The Greek Crown Games
Authors: Mari Manuela , Stirpe Paola 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The crowns of the four major Panhellenic crown games reveal the religious and symbolic meaning of the plants of whose leaves they were made. Special attention will also be paid to the historical, political, and socio-economic reasons why these four festivals became the most prestigious and popular in the Greek world from the archaic period onwards. Texts and inscriptions reveal many organizational features of the games. The wider regional function of the festivals is evidenced even in organization. The games were also important occasions for trading, for communicating news of international relevance, for announcing military and political initiatives and building up alliances, or for advertising literary and artistic works. Victor lists, ‘archival documents’, monuments and dedications at the sites preserved public memories and created cultural unities. The prestige of crown games was shared by many local games designated as ‘isolympic’, ‘isopythian’, and so on during the Hellenistic and Roman periods.
Paul and Israel
Authors: Thiessen Matthew , Fredriksen Paula 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen Paul says ‘Israel’, what or whom does he have in mind? Christian theological tradition has long answered that by ‘Israel’, a universalist Paul means ethnically non-specific ‘Christians’. But a great deal of evidence in Paul’s letters weighs against such an idea. This chapter examines, in turn, the modern myth of a post-ethnic Paul, ancient ideas about divine and human ethnicity, Paul’s language about Jewish and gentile ‘natures’, Paul’s language about Jewish and Gentile kinds of sins, Paul’s application of different Jewish laws to Jews and Gentiles, respectively, and finally Paul’s actual usage of the ethnonyms ‘Jew’ and ‘Israel’. It is concluded that, for Paul, Jews are Israel, and Israel, his own family, is the Jews. God, through Christ, at the end of the ages (mid-first century ce), was graciously calling all humanity into the redemption that he had promised to Israel long ago. Eschatological humanity thus remains two different people groups—Israel and the nations—embraced by a single salvation.
Advances in enzyme-mediated proximity labeling and its potential for plant research
Authors: Mair Andrea , Bergmann Dominique C 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCellular processes rely on the intimate interplay of different molecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites. Obtaining and integrating data on their abundance and dynamics at high temporal and spatial resolution are essential for our understanding of plant growth and development. In the past decade, enzymatic proximity labeling (PL) has emerged as a powerful tool to study local protein and nucleotide ensembles, discover protein–protein and protein–nucleotide interactions, and resolve questions about protein localization and membrane topology. An ever-growing number and continuous improvement of enzymes and methods keep broadening the spectrum of possible applications for PL and make it more accessible to different organisms, including plants. While initial PL experiments in plants required high expression levels and long labeling times, recently developed faster enzymes now enable PL of proteins on a cell type-specific level, even with low-abundant baits, and in different plant species. Moreover, expanding the use of PL for additional purposes, such as identification of locus-specific gene regulators or high-resolution electron microscopy may now be in reach. In this review, we give an overview of currently available PL enzymes and their applications in mammalian cell culture and plants. We discuss the challenges and limitations of PL methods and highlight open questions and possible future directions for PL in plants.
DOSE ASSESSMENT WITH DIFFERENT METHODS AFTER EXPOSURE TO 14C-LABELLED COMPOUNDS
Authors: Pántya Annamária , Zagyvai Péter , Remeli Anton , Tyukodi Lajos , Pázmándi Tamás 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
An accidental intake of 14C-labelled compound has been followed by long-term monitoring of urine samples. First, the intake and the committed effective dose have been calculated by a generally recommended method and as the value exceeded the investigation level, special dose estimation was performed. Recommendations from ICRP Publications were used for analyses but the measurement data did not fit these models, so the recommended parameter values were deemed incorrect for this compound and this exposure situation. With the measurement data, it was possible to set up a case-specific model based on the actual excretion functions. Afterwards, the committed effective dose was obtained from integrating the total number of decays in the body over 50 y. This case shows that 14C-labelled organic compounds could be very unique when they get incorporated into the body and the absorption and deposition parameters should be used with special care when estimating the dose.
Comparing Continuous and Binary Group-based Trajectory Modeling Using Statin Medication Adherence Data
Authors: Hickson Ryan P. , Annis Izabela E. , Killeya-Jones Ley A. , Fang Gang 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Of 58 medication adherence group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) published studies, 74% used binary and 26% used continuous GBTM. Few studies provided a rationale for this choice. No medication adherence studies have compared continuous and binary GBTM.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess whether continuous versus binary GBTM: (1) impacts adherence trajectory shapes; and (2) results in the differential classification of patients into adherence groups.

Methods:
Patients were prevalent statin users with myocardial infarction hospitalization, 66+ years old, and continuously enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare. Statin medication adherence was measured 6 months prehospitalization using administrative claims. Final GBTM specifications beyond default settings were selected using a previously defined standardized procedure and applied separately to continuous and binary (proportion of days covered ≥0.80) medication adherence measures. Assignment to adherence groups was compared between continuous and binary models using percent agreement of patient classification and the κ coefficient.

Results:
Among 113,296 prevalent statin users, 4 adherence groups were identified in both models. Three groups were consistent: persistently adherent, progressively nonadherent, and persistently nonadherent. The fourth continuous group was moderately adherent (progressively adherent in the binary model). When comparing patient assignment into adherence groups between continuous and binary trajectory models, only 78.4% of patients were categorized into comparable groups (κ=0.641; 95% confidence interval: 0.638–0.645). The agreement was highest in the persistently adherent group (∼94%).

Conclusions:
Continuous and binary trajectory models are conceptually different measures of medication adherence. The choice between these approaches should be guided by study objectives and the role of medication adherence within the study—exposure, outcome, or confounder.
Flexible Tongue-in-Groove Technique and Its Effectiveness Compared to Classic Tongue-in-Groove and Columellar Strut Graft Techniques: A Retrospective Analysis of 237 Open Rhinoplasty Cases
Authors: Erdal Ayhan Işik , Genç İbrahim Giray , Pasinlioğlu Burak , Findikçioğlu Kemal 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The medial crura are almost always supported in tip surgery using columellar strut graft placement or tongue-in-groove suturing to the caudal septum. In this study, the authors present a modified tongue-in-groove (called “flexible tongue-in-groove”) technique.

Methods:
A total of 237 patients who underwent open rhinoplasty between January of 2016 and June of 2018 were included in this retrospective study. The patients were divided into three main groups: (1) flexible tongue-in-groove, (2) classic tongue-in-groove, and (3) columellar strut. Using standardized preoperative and postoperative (1-, 6-, and 12-month) lateral view photographs, the nasolabial angle and Goode ratio were measured for nasal tip rotation and projection, respectively.

Results:
Flexible tongue-in-groove (n = 53) and classic tongue-in-groove (n = 107) techniques showed a significantly smaller decrease in the nasolabial angle from month 1 to month 12 than did the columellar strut technique (n = 77) (p < 0.05). These statistically significant differences were not found when the time intervals were narrowed (p > 0.05). Flexible and classic tongue-in-groove techniques showed significantly higher Goode ratios than did the columellar strut technique at 1, 6, and 12 months (p < 0.05 for all). In various analyses using the nasolabial angle and Goode ratio, no statistically significant difference was found between flexible and classic tongue-in-groove techniques (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Flexible and classic tongue-in-groove techniques provide more durable results in nasolabial angle and Goode ratio measurements than does the columellar strut technique in primary open-approach rhinoplasty. The flexible tongue-in-groove technique is as robust as the classic tongue-in-groove technique in appropriate cases.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.