bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Nomogram for PJP Patients With HIV and NHIV
Authors: Feng Qiuyue , Hao Jingjing , Li Ang , Tong Zhaohui 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: This study was to create nomogram models for precise prediction of mortality risk of NHIV-PJP and HIV-PJP cases.Methods: A retrospective study was performed over a 10-year period to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of NHIV-PJP at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital and HIV-PJP at Beijing Ditan Hospital in China from 2010 to 2019. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to screen out mortality risk factors for creating nomograms. Nomogram models were evaluated by using a bootstrapped concordance index, calibration plots and receiver operating characteristics (ROCs) curve.Results: A total of 167 NHIV-PJP cases and 193 HIV-PJP cases were included in the study. Pneumothorax, febrile days after admission, CD4+ T cells≤100cells/ul and sulfa combine CAS treatment were identified as independent risk factors that could be combined for accurate prediction of mortality result in NHIV-PJP group. We created a nomogram for mortality risk by using these variables. The area under the curve was 0.865 (95% confidence interval 0.799-0.931). The nomogram had a C-index of 0.865 and was well calibrated. Independent risk factors contained in the nomogram in HIV-PJP group included pneumothorax, PLT≤80×109/L, HGB≤90g/L, ALB, CMV co-infection and sulfa combine CAS treatment. The nomogram showed good discrimination, with a C-index of 0.904 and good calibration. The area under the curve was 0.910 (95% confidence interval 0.850-0.970). Conclusions: Our nomograms were useful tools for evaluating the poor prognosis in both NHIV-PJP and HIV-PJP cases.
Teleconsultation for Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience of a University Hospital in Brazil.
Authors: SANTANA YASMIN EUGENIA , Luciano Thais Milioni , Teodózio Ana Carolina Maia , de Santana Amanda Maria Barradas Monteiro , Ramos Letícia Rodrigues , Bastos Luiza Siqueira Rabelo , Cardoso Brena de Sá , Alves Marília Oliveira Barbosa , Atique Patricia Volpon Santos , Sarti Mariana Teresa Alves , Sader Soraya Lopes , Antonini Sonir Roberto Rauber , Stecchini Mônica Freire , Custódio Rodrigo José , Junior Raphael Del Roio Liberatore 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic expanded rapidly around the world in 2020 and health services needed to be reconfigured to meet the new demand and ensure the care of patients with chronic diseases, whether or not aggravated by this COVID-19 (disease caused by SARS-Cov-2). For patients with chronic diseases - such as diabetes mellitus - the teleconsultation stood out as a tool for clinical management in this period. This study aims to evaluate the impact of teleconsultation on glycemic control and prevention of acute complications related to diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents treated by the pediatric endocrinology team at Hospital das Clínicas, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (HC-FMRP -USP) during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Method: Descriptive study of data from pediatric diabetic patients who received teleconsultation via messages in the months of April to September 2020. Results: Regarding the patients evaluated (N = 143), there were 3.4 teleconsultations per patient in the studied period; requiring adjustment of insulin doses in 84.6% of cases. The hospital admission rate was 17.5% due to diabetic decompensation and / or the opening of diabetes mellitus. The dosage of glycosylated hemoglobin showed a worsening in 46% of the sample and an improvement in 37%. Conclusion: The teleconsultation was effective in ensuring health care for patients with DM1 during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A1 Reactive Astrocytes Activated by 2-chloroethanol Modulate M1 Microglia Polarization through Upregulating IL-1β and TNF-α
Authors: Wang Tong , Sun Qi , Tang Hongge , Wang Gaoyang , Zhao Fenghong , Chen Yuhua , Jin Yaping 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background1,2-Dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) is a synthetic organic chemical that causes brain edema under subacute poisoning. Our previous studies indicated that the neuroinflammation could be induced due to activation of both astrocytes and microglia during the course of brain edema in 1,2-DCE intoxicated mice. However, the crosstalk between the two glial cells in 1,2-DCE-induced neuroinflammation is unclear. In the current studies, we hypothesized that astrocytes are the first responder to the effects of 1,2-DCE in the brain, as they adhere to the cerebral capillaries, and they are an essential component of the blood-brain barrier (BBB).MethodsWe used primary cultured rat astrocytes and microglia, as well as a highly aggressively proliferating immortalized (HAPI) microglia cell line to study the effects of astrocytes on microglia polarization following exposure to 2-CE. ResultsFindings from the present studies demonstrated that treatment of primary rat astrocytes with 2-chloroethanol (2-CE), the intermediate metabolite of 1,2-DCE in vivo, can stimulate the activation of A1 reactive astrocytes (A1s) through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK)/ nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathways by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during 2-CE metabolism. A1s activated by 2-CE can upregulate the expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and stimulate the M1 polarization of microglia through IL-1β and TNF-α released by 2-CE activated A1s. Microglia are less sensitive to 2-CE than astrocytes, since treatment of primary rat microglia with 30 mM 2-CE alone failed to activate them, though this dose of 2-CE can activate A1s and in turn stimulate M1 polarization of microglia through the factors released by A1s. ConclusionThe neuroinflammation induced by 1,2-DCE in the brain of mice is most probably triggered by the activation of astrocytes. The understanding of the multidimensional roles of reactive astrocytes may further the development of new treatment strategies in reducing neuroinflammation and brain edema following 1,2-DCE-induced toxic encephalopathy.
Life satisfaction, worthwhileness of life and leisure activities among older people: assessing the mediating effect of self-reported health limitations
Authors: Hancock K.E. , Sherar L.B. , Downward P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
What makes life worthwhile is an under-researched dimension of subjective wellbeing (SWB) but important for older people. Leisure participation is positively related to SWB, but SWB reduces with poor health, and health deteriorates with age. Drawing on pooled cross-sectional Taking Part Surveydata on almost 7,000 English adults aged 50+ from 2016/17-2018/19, we investigated relationships between different leisure activities and life satisfaction and worthwhileness. The analyses further explored the mediating effects of limiting long-standing illness and/or disability. Before accounting for health limitations, participating in exercise-related physical activity (i.e., sport and exercise) and a greater number of different leisure activities were positively associated with both SWB dimensions. Passive mental activities (e.g., TV-watching) were negatively associated with SWB. Other physical activities (i.e., activities of daily living, e.g., gardening, active travel); social activities; cultural activities (e.g., visiting museums, cinemas) and hobbies (e.g., handicrafts, music-making) were associated with worthwhileness. Using Structural Equation Modelling we showed the mediating effect of health limitations varied with SWB dimension and different leisure activities. Positive associations between social and culture/hobby activities and SWB were not mediated by poor health; neither was the negative association between passive mental activities and SWB. The positive association between exercise-related physical activity and SWB was mediated by health limitations more than other physical activities. Overall, poor health mediated the association between worthwhileness and leisure activities less than life satisfaction. Promoting a range of activities contributing to feelings of worthwhileness may provide a route to enhanced wellbeing, despite declining health among older people.
Galangin Resolves Cardiometabolic Disorders Through Modulation of AdipoR1/COX-2/ NF-κB Expressions in High-Fat Diet Fed Rats
Authors: Prasatthong Patoomporn , Meephat Sariya , Rattanakanokchai Siwayu , Khamseekaew Juthamas , Bunbupha Sarawoot , Prachaney Parichat , Maneesai Putcharawipa , Pakdeechote Poungrat 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background: Rats fed with a high-fat diet exerts signs of cardiometabolic disorders. Galangin is a natural flavonoid mainly isolated from honey and Alpinia officinarum Hance and has various biological activities. This study evaluated whether galangin could alleviate cardiometabolic disorders, inflammation and oxidative stress in a high-fat diet fed rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a high-fat diet plus 15% fructose in drinking water for 4 months to induced signs of metabolic syndrome (MS), and they were treated with galangin at a dose 25 or 50 mg/kg or metformin at a dose 100 mg/kg or vehicle for the last four weeks. All data were expressed as mean ± S.E.M. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test for multiple comparisons analysis.Results: Rats fed with a high-fat diet had impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, hypertrophy of adipocytes, impaired liver function and hypertension. These signs of MS were alleviated by galangin or metformin treatment (p<0.05). Galangin or metformin alleviated cardiac dysfunction and remodeling induced by a high-fat diet in rats (p<0.05). Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 concentrations and expression were high in plasma and cardiac tissue in MS rats, and these inflammatory markers were suppressed by galangin or metformin treatment (p<0.05). Galangin alleviated a high-fat diet induced low levels of adiponectin in rats. Galangin or metformin decreased oxidative stress biomarkers, aortic superoxide generation and plasma and cardiac MDA levels, and raised endogenous antioxidant enzume activities, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, in MS rats (p<0.05). Downregulation of adiponectin receptor1 (AdipoR1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as well as upregulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression were observed in MS rats. These alterations of protein expressions were recovered in MS rats treated with galangin or metformin. Conclusions: Galangin reduced cardiometabolic disorders in high-fat diet induced MS rats. The underlying mechanisms might be relevant to suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress and restoration of AdipoR1/COX-2/NF-κB expression.
Analytical Framework to Build Predictive and Optimization Functions From Manufacturing Industry Sensor Data Using Cross Sectional Sharing
Authors: R Bhaskaran , Kalaiselvi K , Murali D. , Reddy R. Venkateswara , Devi G.Naga Rama , Ponnusamy Sivakumar 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Nowadays in industry sensor data are used. This needs to be shared in many areas for making the prediction. Also, it needs to be optimized for making the things to do automatically. This paper proposes a novel analytical framework to build predictive and optimization functions from manufacturing industry sensor data using cross sectional sharing which combines all different types of operation in a cross-sectional lab, which is a cooperative site in which huge quantities of data from numerous sites are composed as well as managed in a terrific way. The predictions and the optimization are made possible and store the same using the big data storage. Big Data Storage as well as Analytics Platform; Development Tools; Modelling Tools for Imitation Concepts as well as Power Framework are carried over in cross sectional lab. This is making the relations ship entities using Relational Data Base Management Systems (RDBMS). Various apache versions are used for the implementation of this which acts in a cloud platform. In the case study, the mean and variance were calculated and plotted.
Endogenization of ssDNA fragment from an infectious virus in the genome of the Chaetoceros tenuissimus
Authors: Hongo Yuki , Kimura Kei , Takaki Yoshihiro , Yoshida Yukari , Baba Shuichiro , Kobayashi Genta , Nagasaki Keizo , Hano Takeshi , Tomaru Yuji 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
One of the smallest diatoms, Chaetoceros tenuissimus, maintains their population despite coexisting with infectious viruses during blooms. To further understand this relationship, here, we sequenced the C. tenuissimus NIES-3715 genome. A gene fragment of a replication-associated gene from its own infectious ssDNA virus (designated endogenous virus-like fragment, EVLF) was found to be integrated in a total of 41 Mbp of both haploid assemblies. In addition, the EVLF was transcriptionally active and conserved in nine other C. tenuissimus strains from different geographical areas, although the primary structures of their proteins varied. The phylogenetic tree further suggested that the EVLF was acquired by the ancestor of C. tenuissimus. A target site duplication, a hallmark for long interspersed nuclear element retrotransposons, flanked the EVLF. Therefore, the EVLF was likely integrated by a retrotransposon during viral infection. The present study used genome information provides further insights into the diatom-virus evolutionary relationship.
Stereotactic-EEG Guided Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation Versus Anterior Temporal Lobectomy for Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Yi-He , Chen Si-Chang , Wei Peng-Hu , Yang Kun , Fan Xiao-Tong , Meng Fei , Du Jia-Lin , Ren Lian-Kun , Shan Yongzhi , Zhao Guo-Guang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction:

In this report, we aim to describe the design for the randomized controlled trial of Stereotactic-electroencephalogram (EEG) guided Radiofrequency Thermocoagulation versus Anterior Temporal Lobectomy for Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis (STARTS). Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a classical subtype of temporal lobe epilepsy that often requires surgical intervention. Although anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) remains the most popular treatment for mTLE, accumulating evidence has indicated that ATL can cause tetartanopia and memory impairments. Stereotactic EEG (SEEG)-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation (RF-TC) is a non-invasive alternative associated with lower seizure freedom but greater preservation of neurological function. In the present study, we aim to compare the safety and efficacy of SEEG-guided RF-TC and classical ATL in the treatment of mTLE.
Methods and analysis:

STARTS is a single-centre, two-arm, randomised controlled, parallel-group clinical trial. The study includes patients with typical mTLE over the age of 14 who have drug-resistant seizures for at least 2 years and have been determined via detailed evaluation to be surgical candidates prior to randomisation. The primary outcome measure is cognitive function at the 1-year follow-up after treatment. Seizure outcomes, visual field abnormalities after surgery, quality of life, ancillary outcomes, and adverse events will also be evaluated at 1-year follow-up as secondary outcomes.
Disscussion:

SEEG-guided RF-TC for mTLE remains a controversial seizure outcome but has the advantage for cognitive and visual filed protection. This is the first RCT studying cognitive outcomes and treatment results between SEEG-guided RF-TC and standard ATL for mTLE with hippocampal sclerosis. This study may provide a higher levels of clinical evidence for the treatment for mTLE.
Trial registration:

The STARTS protocol has been registered on the US National Institutes of Health (ClinicalTrials.gov): NCT03941613. The status of the STARTS was recruiting and the estimated study completion date was December 31, 2021.
Role of ATP-binding Cassette Transporters in Sorafenib Therapy for Hepatocellular
Carcinoma: An Overview
Authors: Estevinho Maria Manuela , Fernandes Carlos , Silva João Carlos , Gomes Ana Catarina , Afecto Edgar , Correia João , Carvalho João 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Molecular therapy with sorafenib remains the mainstay for advancedstage
hepatocellular carcinoma. Notwithstanding, treatment efficacy is low, with few patients obtaining
long-lasting benefits due to the high chemoresistance rate.

Objective:
To perform, for the first time, an overview of the literature concerning the role of adenosine
triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in sorafenib therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Methods:
Three online databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched, from inception
to October 2020. Study selection, analysis, and data collection were independently performed
by two authors.

Results:
The search yielded 224 results; 29 were selected for inclusion. Most studies were pre-clinical,
using HCC cell lines; three used human samples. Studies highlight the effect of sorafenib in decreasing
ABC transporters expression. Conversely, it is described the role of ABC transporters, particularly
multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR-1), multidrug resistance-associated proteins 1 and 2
(MRP-1 and MRP-2) and ABC subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) in sorafenib pharmacokinetics
and pharmacodynamics, being key resistance factors. Combination therapy with naturally available
or synthetic compounds that modulate ABC transporters may revert sorafenib resistance by increasing
absorption and intracellular concentration.

Conclusion:
A deeper understanding of ABC transporters’ mechanisms may provide guidance for
developing innovative approaches for hepatocellular carcinoma. Further studies are warranted to
translate the current knowledge into practice and paving the way to individualized therapy.
A Therapeutic Journey of Potential Drugs Against COVID-19
Authors: Ali Fayaz , Zhu Yi Z. , Hussain Shahid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract:
Coronavirus disease (CoVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) scrambles the world by infecting millions of peoples all over the globe. It has caused tremendous morbidity, mortality and greatly impacted the lives and economy worldwide as an outcome of mandatory quarantines or isolations. Despite the worsening trends of COVID-19, no drugs are validated to have significant efficacy in the clinical treatment of COVID-19 patients in large-scale studies. Physicians and researchers throughout the world are working to understand the pathophysiology to expose the conceivable handling regimens and to determine the effective vaccines and/or therapeutic agents. Some of them re-purposed drugs for clinical trials which were primarily known to be effective against the RNA viruses including MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-1. In the absence of a proven efficacy therapy, the current management use therapies based on antivirals, anti-inflammatory drugs, convalescent plasma, anti-parasitic agents in both oral and parenteral formulation, oxygen therapy, and heparin support. What is needed at this hour, however, is a definitive drug therapy or vaccine. Different countries are rushing to find this, and various trials are already underway. We aimed to summarize the potential therapeutic strategies as treatment options for COVID-19 that could be helpful to stop further spread of SARS-CoV-2 by affecting its structural components or modulation of immune response and discuss the leading drugs/vaccines, which are considered as potential agents for controlling this pandemic.
Composite Materials Based on Metal-Organic Frameworks Designed for
Sensors
Authors: Li Mingmin , An Changhua , Wang Tie 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Integrating metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with other functional materials
to form MOF-composites has attracted great attention. Their diverse and synergetic performance
(e.g., mechanical stability, conductivity, optical signal and catalytic activity) facilitates their
applications in sensing of various target molecules.

Methods:
Up to now, a wide range of MOF-composites have been designed and synthesized. The
choice of appropriate parent materials, as well as their combination strategy, is of great importance
for their performance. Prior to the design of MOF-composites for certain sensing applications, it is
necessary to evaluate the advantages of the composites compared to the pristine MOFs and other
functional materials.

Results:
In this review, an overview of the significant advances in the development of diverse
MOF-composites is presented, with special emphasis on the synergistic effects in sensing (e.g.,
optical, electrochemical and biological) applications of the composites. Additionally, the challenges
and future prospects of MOF-composites as an innovative sensing platform have been discussed to
seek further development in this emerging research area.

Conclusion:
MOF-composites show great potential in sensing applications. Further efforts are still
urgently required to advance their applications in point-of-care (POC) detection and in vitro diagnosis
(IVD).
Practice of Regional Anesthesia and Its Associated Factors among Anesthesia Professionals Working in Teaching Referral Hospitals of Ethiopia; A Multi-center Study
Authors: Habtu Elias , Nigatu Mamo , Ayele Yemane , Tila Mebratu , Demissie Wondu R. 
Published: April 2021

Background:
Regional Anesthesia (RA) provides site-specific, complete pain relief, early mobilization, and rehabilitation; and it is preferred than general anesthesia due to associated risks in the later technique. It also ensures prolonged analgesia while reducing the need for systemic drugs with their side effects. Despite these advantages, the techniques have not been embraced as alternatives to general anesthesia in Ethiopia.

Objective:

The study aimed to assess the magnitude of regional anesthesia practice and its associated factors among Anesthesia Care Providers (ACPs) working in Ethiopian teaching referral hospitals, 2019.

Materials and Methods:
Multi-center-based crossectional study was conducted among all ACPs working in three institutions (Jimma Medical Center, Black Lion hospital and Wolaita Sodo teaching referral hospital) which were randomly selected among six government teaching referral hospitals running postgraduate anesthesia programs; from August 1-September 1, 2019. The practice of RA was considered significant if the participants performed >5 types of RA, assuming as minimum representation (30%) of all types of RA. Data were entered into Epidata manager version 4.3 and exported to SPSS version 22 for further analysis. Logistic regression was applied to determine predictors of RA practice. Adjusted odds ratio and 95% CI interval were used to measure the association and P-value <0.05 was declared as statistically significant.

Results:

Out of 143 participants, a total of 130 anesthesia professionals participated in the study, making the response rate of 90% . The mean age was 30.77±7.049 years that ranges from 22-56 years. Majority of the respondents were males, 88(67.7%). About 59.2% of ACPs practiced RA. The most performed types of RA were spinal anesthesia (98.5%), caudal anesthesia (72.3%) and axillary block (69.2%), while sub gluteal sciatic block and IV RA were the least practiced types of RA (8.5% each). Finally, two variables (years of experience (1-5 years) and academic qualification (above MSc)) were identified as the independent predictors of RA practice among ACPs with AOR of 6(1.7-21.6), p-v =0.005 and 10.4(1.9-56.9), p-v =0.007 respectively.

Conclusion:
In a nutshell, the practice of RA in teaching government hospitals of Ethiopia was relatively low despite some RA types like SA were almost practiced well. Thus, ACPs were expected to practice all types of RA than routinely abusing GA for patient safety and welfare in all dimensions.