bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Approach to Characterizing Deposit Type Using Mineral Inclusion Assemblages in Gold Particles
Authors: Chapman R. J. , Mortensen J. K. , Allan M. M. , Walshaw R. D. , Bond J. , MacWilliam K. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Mineral inclusions within native gold are features of lode gold occurrences that are preserved in detrital particles. Inclusion assemblages in populations of gold particles in placers from specific localities are revealed through inspection of polished sections, and assimilation of robust data sets permits reconstruction of the lode source mineralogy. Inclusion assemblages differ considerably according to the source deposit type, and various approaches have been employed to graphically represent inclusion mineralogy. We present a simple method for depicting and comparing inclusion assemblages using a single standardized radar diagram template that illustrates the proportions of 11 metal and five nonmetal (and metalloid) elements in each inclusion assemblage.
The Canadian Cordillera hosts many different gold-bearing deposit types and is an ideal terrane in which to develop a globally applicable methodology. Although placer gold is widespread, the location and nature of source mineralization is commonly unclear. This study is based on the inclusion suites recorded in 37 sample sets of gold particles from both placer and lode localities. Radar diagrams describing inclusion assemblages show clear generic differences according to deposit type. Diagnostic signatures have been established and act as templates against which samples of unknown origin may be compared. This approach permits differentiation between populations of gold particles formed in different magmatic systems (low-sulfidation epithermal, calc-alkalic porphyry, and alkalic porphyry), which may all be distinguished from gold formed in orogenic (amagmatic) mineralization. Metallic element signatures are most useful in differentiating gold from different magmatic hydrothermal systems, whereas nonmetallic elements allow for classification of orogenic gold subtypes.
Comparisons of mineral inclusion signatures from gold in the Canadian Cordillera to samples from similar geologic settings worldwide suggest that this approach to gold fingerprinting is globally applicable. Therefore, the geochemical signatures of inclusion assemblages provide a robust indication of deposit type and may be applied in exploration to illuminate regional metallogeny in areas where relationships between placer deposits and their source(s) may be unclear.
Shield-maidens and Norse Amazons Reconsidered Women and Weapons in Viking Age Burials in Norway
Authors: Gardeła Leszek 
Published: November 2021

This article was first published in "Vol. 84 No. 1 (2021)" of Norsk Arkeologisk Årbok in 2021. In 2025 it was re-published in the first issue of Viking Special Volumes.
This paper provides new insights into the custom of burying women with weapons in Viking Age Norway. Possible female graves furnished with swords, axe heads, spearheads and arrowheads are known from Rogaland, Sogn og Fjordane, Telemark, Trøndelag and Vestfold, and although each case is unique, they share some intriguing confluences. In additionto weapons, their assemblages often contain high quality jewellery, curated objects, amulets, and items imported from distant locations. This paper investigates various source critical and methodological issues associated with these finds and situates them in an interdisciplinary context, seeking to propose new ideas on who the deceased were in life and how their mourners wanted to remember them in death.
No Man’s Land or Neutral Ground
Authors: Moen Marianne 
Published: November 2021

This article was first published in "Vol. 84 No. 1 (2021)" of Norsk Arkeologisk Årbok in 2021. In 2025 it was re-published in the first issue of Viking Special Volumes.
This article approaches gender in the Viking Age as a fluid social category, to be understood through an intersectional lens alongside other cultural variables. Using material from the Vestfold region, the article argues that the perceived genders encountered in mortuary remains from the area display a significant amount of social similarities. It therefore proposes to explore the expression of social roles across, rather than within gendered lines. The approach challenges the traditional tendency of dividing gendered archaeological remains based on a few, select categories singled out from the grave goods. It suggests that a more open approach would avoid overlooking real and tangible levels of shared expressions between graves assigned different gender in many mortuary contexts.
The article challenges the idea of a Viking Age instigated by male violence and the interlinked belief that women are naturally less inclined to violence and more disposed to be nurturing and caring. These concepts are examined as modern constructs and as such they are not applicable to the past without scrutiny. I argue that the idea of a Viking Age warriorideology, which leaves no room for women, is culturally ingrained and needs to be questioned in light of both archaeological material and written sources. By critically examining the ideas mentioned above, wider discussions can be created, where gender does not necessarily play a limiting role in the enactment of certain social ideologies. Hence, this article does not seek to detail the specifics of female involvement in war, but rather to explore the cultural contexts that have influenced perceptions of such participation.
The Fight for Nordalbingia
Authors: Lemm Thorsten 
Published: November 2021

This article was first published in "Vol. 84 No. 1 (2021)" of Norsk Arkeologisk Årbok in 2021. In 2025 it was re-published in the first issue of Viking Special Volumes.
It is possible to gain insight into Frankish-Danish relations in Nordalbingia during the early 9th century based on archaeological excavation results and written sources. Such relations were characterised by armed conflicts, political intrigue and shifting alliances. The Frankish fortress of Esesfelth had a key function during this time of unrest. Emperor Charlemagne built it in AD 810, partly to prevent Danish supremacy over the Nordalbingian Saxon territory north of the River Elbe, and partly as a starting point for incorporating it into the Frankish realm. The fortress was an exceptional defensive structure without any known contemporary parallels. As the centre of Frankish administration in Nordalbingia Esesfelth became the target of an attack by combined Danish and Slavic (Obodrite) forces in AD 817. To some extent, the attack can be reconstructed by interpreting excavation results, and simulated with the aid of military theory. The results also present an excellent opportunity to explore various fortification components in detail.
Transferring research results to the classroom: Fall incidence records
Authors: Rodríguez-Muñoz Pedro Manuel , Rodríguez-Borrego María Aurora , Morales-Cané Ignacio , Da Fonseca Viegas Selma María , Gonçalves Nitschke Rosane , López-Soto Pablo Jesús 
Published: November 2021

Antecedentes: Los registros completos y correctos de los eventos de caídas ayudan a implementar las medidas de prevención. Sin embargo, existe un desconocimiento entre el personal de salud sobre la existencia de un sistema de registro o la necesidad de registrar dichos eventos. El propósito de este estudio fue que los estudiantes de Enfermería realizaran registros de calidad de los eventos de caída y, en consecuencia, desarrollar e implementar un sistema de registro de incidentes de caída de pacientes (REOC) para su uso durante las prácticas clínicas de los estudiantes de enfermería. Método: La investigación-acción participativa (análisis de incidentes críticos) se llevó a cabo en una Facultad de enfermería del sur de España y su hospital de referencia. Entre otras variables, se evaluó la implementación del REOC (intervención), la complejidad de los registros y los resultados de aprendizaje de los estudiantes.Resultados: El instrumento de registro tuvo un impacto significativo en los resultados sanitarios de los pacientes. El REOC fue de complejidad media (42,9%) y baja (42,9%), mientras que el 71,4% adquirió nuevas habilidades a través de la implementación. Los resultados de aprendizaje fueron de nivel medio en el 71,5% de los casos y positivos en el 28,6%.Implicaciones para la práctica: El proyecto propuesto es un ejemplo de una experiencia de innovación-investigación-innovación llevada a cabo en un entorno de enseñanza-aprendizaje utilizando un proceso cíclico de transferencia de conocimientos y retroalimentación.
Background: Complete and correct records of fall events help to implement prevention measures. However, there is lack of knowledge among healthcare personnel about the existence of a recording system or the need to record such events. The purpose of this study was that the nursing students make quality records of the fall events, and consequently to develop and implement a system to record patient fall incidents (REOC) for use during the clinical practicums of nursing students. Method: Participatory action research (critical incident analysis) was carried out at a nursing school in southern Spain and its reference hospital. Among other variables, the implementation of the REOC (intervention), the complexity of records and the students’ learning outcomes were assessed. Results: The recording instrument had a significant impact on patients’ health outcomes. The REOC was of medium (42.9%) and low complexity (42.9%), while 71.4% acquired new skills through the implementation. Learning outcomes were of an average level in 71.5% of the cases and positive in 28.6%. Implications for Practice: The proposed project is an example of an innovation-research-innovation experience carried out in a teaching-learning setting using a cyclical knowledge transfer and feedback process.
Mourir au village entouré des siens
Authors: Kane Hélène , Fearon Dave 
Published: November 2021

Avec le développement des soins biomédicaux en Mauritanie, des malades de plus en plus nombreux reçoivent un diagnostic de maladies non transmissibles — cancers, notamment —, souvent à un stade avancé. À l’issue d’une prise en charge médicale, plusieurs d’entre eux retournent à leur domicile dans des villages éloignés des hôpitaux. Ce contexte produit des situations de fin de vie particulières, posant de nouvelles contraintes aux familles. Cet article propose d’étudier les formes locales d’accompagnement de la fin de vie qui en découlent. Il s’appuie sur une étude anthropologique menée dans plusieurs villages de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal, combinant des entretiens avec des agents de santé exerçant dans cette région, des proches ayant assisté un malade en fin de vie, des imams et quelques notables. Bien que tous s’accordent sur l’impérieuse nécessité d’entourer la personne, de la soutenir moralement et de préserver sa dignité, ces fins de vie mettent à l’épreuve leur rôle et les valeurs qu’ils défendent. Cette étude fournit des éléments pour discuter l’intérêt de promouvoir des soins palliatifs en milieu rural.
Les conceptions du mot soins palliatifs sur le terrain des équipes transversales en France
Authors: Mino Jean-Christophe , Moulin Pierre 
Published: November 2021

Plutôt que de créer des lits dans des unités hospitalières spécialisées en soins palliatifs (USP), les pouvoirs publics en France ont choisi de développer en priorité, à partir des années 2000, des équipes dites « transversales », considérées en quelque sorte comme des courroies de diffusion des soins palliatifs auprès de tous les professionnels de la santé. Dans ce contexte, cet article analyse les conceptions du mot soins palliatifs selon les protagonistes des soins de fin de vie, grâce à une nouvelle analyse de données d’enquêtes de terrain que nous avons menées entre la fin des années 1990 et le début des années 2010. Ce travail permet de mettre en évidence le lien entre ces conceptions et le rôle des différents protagonistes dans la division du travail inhérent à la mise en forme de la trajectoire de fin de vie : d’un côté, les profanes y voient l’équivalent d’une annonce de mort ; de l’autre, les équipes transversales des soins palliatifs les conçoivent comme une intervention multidimensionnelle ; enfin, les autres professionnels de la santé les associent à l’arrêt de leurs traitements. Dans le contexte spécifique du développement des soins palliatifs en France, ces visions traduisent la place de ces acteurs dans la chaîne des soins, ce qu’ils font en fin de vie et ce qu’ils pensent pouvoir faire. In fine, ces résultats dessinent, en lien avec certains enjeux sous-jacents, le cadre initial dans lequel les équipes transversales de soins palliatifs ont cherché à trouver leur place dans la médecine française.
Micro‐Structural and Flexible Reduced Graphene Oxide/Ti3C2Tx Composite Film Electrode with Long Cycle Life for Supercapacitor
Authors: Luo Yijia , Yin Xingtian , Luo Yangyang , Xie Haixia , Bin Xiaoqing , Tian Yapeng , Ju Maomao , Que Wenxiu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPoor rate capability due to the sheet self‐stacking of conventional MXene electrode limits their electrochemical application to some extent. Herein, incorporating reduced graphene oxide into Ti3C2Tx MXene is reported to improve the electrochemical performance, cycle lifetime, and mechanical flexibility significantly. Graphene oxide is reduced by thermal heating, by which it can release gas locally to induce micro‐surface structure. The resulting film with an introduction of 20 wt% graphene oxide exhibits an expansion of the interlayer space to multiply the active sites and thereby lead to a specific capacitance of up to 322 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in 3 m H2SO4 electrolyte. In addition, the fabricated composite electrode also exhibits an excellent cycle stability and mechanical flexibility even after 32 000 charge/discharge cycles. This work provides a progressive strategy to synthesize micro‐structural and flexible MXene‐based electrode for the future application in flexible energy storage devices.
Synthesis of Isoquinolines via Rh(III)‐Catalyzed C−H Annulation of Primary Benzylamines with α‐Cl Ketones
Authors: Zhai Ruirui , Xu Dan , Bai Lili , Wang Shuojin , Kong Dulin , Chen Xun 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAn efficient Rh(III)‐catalyzed C−H activation and annulation cascade of primary benzylamines with readily accessible α‐Cl ketones was developed. This transformation provides an easy and robust approach to diverse isoquinolines under air with broad functional group tolerance.
Aluminium‐based ruthenium/diamine catalysts for produce aliphatic polycarbonates from carbon dioxide and oxetanes
Authors: Cao Maoqi , Sadeghzadeh Seyed Mohsen 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe fabricated the chiral ArDPEN/Ru species within the nanoparticles of the aluminium (Al/ArDPEN/Ru). Electron microscopy photos and the anatomical properties revealed the uniformly dispersed nanoparticles with active single‐site ruthenium/diamine centres on the exterior nanoparticles shell. Al/ArDPEN/Ru showed catalytic properties for the reaction of CO2 with oxetane, to synthesize the corresponding polycarbonate with minimal amount of ether linkages. TMC is prepared by a backbiting method following ring‐opening of oxetane by the anion initiator, subsequent to carbon dioxide insertion into the ruthenium/diamine bond. The preparation of the copolymer is shown to proceed mostly by method of the anionic ring‐opening polymerization of preformed trimethylene carbonate in the presence of an anion in solution. In addition, the catalyst anatomical heterogeneity of Al/ArDPEN/Ru was characterized by various techniques, including XRD, SEM, TGA, TEM, VSM, and FT‐IR. No leaching of ruthenium into the solution was observed.
Genetic effects on educational attainment in Hungary
Authors: Ujma Péter P. , Eszlári Nóra , Millinghoffer András , Bruncsics Bence , Török Dóra , Petschner Péter , Antal Péter , Deakin Bill , Breen Gerome , Bagdy György , Juhász Gabriella 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntroductionEducational attainment is a substantially heritable trait, and it has recently been linked to specific genetic variants by genome‐wide association studies (GWASs). However, the effects of such genetic variants are expected to vary across environments, including countries and historical eras.MethodsWe used polygenic scores (PGSs) to assess molecular genetic effects on educational attainment in Hungary, a country in the Central Eastern European region where behavioral genetic studies are in general scarce and molecular genetic studies of educational attainment have not been previously published.ResultsWe found that the PGS is significantly associated with the attainment of a college degree as well as the number of years in education in a sample of Hungarian study participants (N = 829). PGS effect sizes were not significantly different when compared to an English (N = 976) comparison sample with identical measurement protocols. In line with previous Estonian findings, we found higher PGS effect sizes in Hungarian, but not in English participants who attended higher education after the fall of Communism, although we lacked statistical power for this effect to reach significance.DiscussionOur results provide evidence that polygenic scores for educational attainment have predictive value in culturally diverse European populations.
Preschool children's indoor and outdoor playground HSV color preferences
Authors: Mousavi Samimi Paniz , Sadraei Tabatabaei Nasim 
Published: November 2021

AbstractProper use of colors, as an essential element of children's playground, can result in a more appropriate environment for children. Therefore, the current study evaluates the impact of Hue, Saturation, and Value (HSV) colors on preschool children's preferences at the ages of 5 and 6. 16 color palettes and 2 playground scenes were presented to children in order to identify their preferences. Results demonstrated that cool colors with a Saturation of 75 and a Value of 75 for indoor playground and warm colors with a Saturation of 75 and a Value of 50 for outdoor playground were the most preferred colors. Moreover, to investigate the impact of socioeconomic status on children's environmental color preferences, Mann‐Whitney U test was conducted and the results revealed a significant difference between the Value preference of children living in the lower class and upper class neighborhoods. However, no significant differences were observed in terms of HSV preferences between boys and girls and also between children at the ages of 5 and 6.
Parallelization of a meteorological model using message passing interface and CUDA: A case study with the inversion estimation algorithm
Authors: Topcu Ahmet E. , Omak İsameddin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSome algorithms deal with large amounts of data and vast and complex calculations, such as the algorithms used in numerical weather models in meteorological science. The need for extensive computer and computing resources is a problem in the process of running meteorological models, and this problem cannot be solved by or is not efficient to run on classical computing. Instead of traditional computers, high‐performance computer systems are used as a solution to this problem with the Message Passing Interface (MPI) to split the computational load over many CPU cores. In this study, we undertake the parallelizing of a meteorological algorithm written for the special purpose of forecasting temperature inversion. We evaluate the performance of running this algorithm in parallel to see the effect of using multiple cores on the performance with a specific example. Furthermore, we evaluate the algorithm's memory consumption by running the program on a GPU with CUDA and measure the execution times. The results show that the execution time decreases when using more cores until a breaking point, and this breaking point is changed proportionally with the size of the algorithm. In terms of time, we obtain up to 84.95% better performance by running the program in parallel using MPI and up to 94.10% better performance by running the program in parallel using CUDA.
Benefits and harms of patient stories on social media from the perspective of healthcare providers and administrators in Ontario
Authors: Zakkar Moutasem A. , Janes Craig R. , Meyer Samantha B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere has been a growing use of social media by patients to share their healthcare experiences and produce information that can be helpful to other patients seeking healthcare services. These stories can reveal issues in healthcare quality. However, faced with the inherent risks of social media, healthcare providers have been skeptical about the value of these stories, and many healthcare systems have adopted restrictive and protective policies to control the use of social media by healthcare providers. This study explores healthcare providers' and administrators' perspectives on patient stories on social media and whether they can use the stories to evaluate healthcare experiences. Semi‐structured interviews (n = 21) were conducted with healthcare providers and administrators, including physicians, nurses, and quality managers in Ontario, Canada, between April 2018 and May 2019. Inductive and data‐driven thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Several barriers prevent healthcare providers from realizing the benefits of social media, including concerns about the quality of patients' feedback, the professional codes of conduct, and the time and effort required to process these stories. The study findings suggest that cultural changes in the healthcare system might be required to foster the use of social media for healthcare quality improvement and enable the development of a safe patient‐provider communication environment that facilitates the exchange of constructive feedback between the two parties without the fear of legal consequences, breaches of patient privacy, or violation of professional codes of conduct.
Analytical approach on magnetohydrodynamic Casson fluid flow past a stretching sheet via Adomian decomposition method
Authors: Sharma Ram Prakash , Mishra Satyaranjan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFlow phenomena of three‐dimensional conducting Casson fluid through a stretching sheet are proposed in the present investigation with the impact of the magnetic parameter in a permeable medium. The adaptation of particular transformations is useful to modify the governing equations into their nondimensional as well as the ordinary form. However, these transformed equations are nonlinear and approximate analytical methods for the solution of the complex form of governing equations. In particular, the Adomian decomposition method is proposed for the solution. The behavior of several variables, such as the magnetic and porous matrix, on the flow profile as well as the rate of shear stress, are discussed via graphs and tables. The conformity of the current result with the earlier study shows a road map for further investigation. The major concluding remarks are; the retardation in the velocity distribution is rendered due to an increase in the Casson parameter moreover, the Casson parameter favors in reducing the rate of shear stress coefficient in magnitude.