bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Yield of tumor samples with a large guide-sheath in endobronchial ultrasound transbronchial biopsy for non-small cell lung cancer: A prospective study
Authors: Katsurada Naoko , Tachihara Motoko , Jimbo Naoe , Yamamoto Masatsugu , Yoshioka Junya , Mimura Chihiro , Satoh Hiroki , Furukawa Koichi , Otoshi Takehiro , Kiriu Tatsunori , Yasuda Yuichiro , Tanaka Tomonori , Nagano Tatsuya , Nishimura Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2021

Background
Adequate tumor tissue is required to make the best treatment choice for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Transbronchial biopsy (TBB) by endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS) is useful to diagnose peripheral lung lesions. The data of tumor cell numbers obtained by two different sizes of GSs is limited. We conducted this study to investigate the utility of a large GS kit to obtain many tumor cells in patients with NSCLC.

Methods
Patients with a peripheral lung lesion and suspected of NSCLC were prospectively enrolled. They underwent TBB with a 5.9-mm diameter bronchoscope with a large GS. When the lesion was invisible in EBUS, we changed to a thinner bronchoscope and TBB was performed with a small GS. We compared the tumor cell number prospectively obtained with a large GS (prospective large GS group) and those previously obtained with a small GS (small GS cohort). The primary endpoint was the tumor cell number per sample, and we assessed characteristics of lesions that could be obtained by TBB with large GS.

Results
Biopsy with large GS was performed in 55 of 87 patients (63.2%), and 37 were diagnosed with NSCLC based on histological samples. The number of tumor cells per sample was not different between two groups (658±553 vs. 532±526, estimated difference between two groups with 95% confidence interval (CI); 125 (-125–376), p = 0.32). The sample size of the large GS group was significantly larger than that of the small GS cohort (1.75 mm2 vs. 0.83 mm2, estimated difference with 95% CI; 0.92 (0.60–1.23) mm2, p = 0.00000019). The lesion involving a third or less bronchus generation was predictive factors using large GS.

Conclusions
The sample size obtained with large GS was significantly larger compared to that obtained with small GS, but there was no significant difference in tumor cell number. The 5.9-mm diameter bronchoscope with large GS can be used for lesions involving a third or less bronchus generation.
Cases of replacing diffractive bifocal intraocular lens with extended depth of focus intraocular lens due to waxy vision
Authors: Takabatake Ryu , Takahashi Makiko , Yoshimoto Takuya , Higashijima Fumiaki , Kobayashi Yuka , Yamashiro Chiemi , Kimura Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2021

Purpose
To investigate the postoperative course of patients who explanted a diffractive bifocal intraocular lens (IOL) due to waxy vision and implanted with an extended depth of focus IOL.

Methods
This study evaluated 29 eyes of 25 patients who underwent diffractive bifocal IOL explantation followed by TECNIS Symfony® implantation because of dissatisfaction due to waxy vision at the Takabatake West Eye Clinic between January 2018 and November 2019. The indication criteria for this surgery were patients with uncorrected distance visual acuity of 0.05 logMAR or better, without eye diseases that may affect visual function, and no dissatisfactions about photic phenomena. We investigated patient demographics, uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, manifest refraction, contrast sensitivity, subjective symptoms, time to IOL explantation, explanted IOL type, and spectacle independence.

Results
The time to the IOL exchange after the initial IOL implantation was 55.3 ± 50.4 days (range: 14–196 days). The logMAR corrected distance visual acuity before and after IOL exchange were −0.13 ± 0.06 and −0.14 ± 0.06, respectively (p = 0.273). After IOL exchange surgery, the area under log contrast sensitivity function increased significantly from 1.07 ± 0.12 to 1.21 ± 0.12 (p < 0.001), and the waxy vision symptoms improved. The spectacle independence rate at the last visit was 88.0%.

Conclusion
For patients who complain of waxy vision despite good visual acuity after diffractive bifocal IOL implantation, exchange to extended depth of focus IOL was considered one of the useful surgical options.
Material Media-Making in the Digital Age
Authors: Binns Daniel 
Published: October 2021

There is now no shortage of media for us to consume, from streaming services and video-on-demand to social media and everything else besides. This has changed the way media scholars think about the production and reception of media. Missing from these conversations, though, is the maker: in particular, the maker who has the power to produce media in their pocket.

How might one craft a personal media-making practice that is thoughtful and considerate of the tools and materials at one's disposal? This is the core question of this original new book. Exploring a number of media-making tools and processes like drones and vlogging, as well as thinking through time, editing, sound and the stream, Binns looks out over the current media landscape in order to understand his own media practice.

The result is a personal journey through media theory, history and technology, furnished with practical exercises for teachers, students, professionals and enthusiasts: a unique combination of theory and practice written in a highly personal and personable style that is engaging and refreshing.

This book will enable readers to understand how a personal creative practice might unlock deeper thinking about media and its place in the world.

The primary readership will be among academics, researchers and students in the creative arts, as well as practitioners of creative arts including sound designers, cinematographers and social media content producers.

Designed for classroom use, this will be of particular importance for undergraduate students of film production, and may also be of interest to students at MA level, particularly on the growing number of courses that specifically offer a blend of theory and practice. The highly accessible writing style may also mean that it can be taken up for high school courses on film and production.

It will also be of interest to academics delivering these courses, and to researchers and scholars of new media and digital cinema.
Using a three-layered social-cognitive network analysis framework for understanding online collaborative discussions
Authors: Ouyang Fan , Dai Xinyu 
Published: October 2021

Understanding the relationship between social and cognitive engagement has critical implications for collaborative learning theory, pedagogy and analytics. This study proposed a three-layered social-cognitive network analysis framework for examining the relationship between students’ social and cognitive engagement from summative, epistemic and micro-level perspectives within online collaborative discussions. A multi-method approach was used, consisting of social network analysis, quantitative content analysis, statistical analysis, epistemic network analysis and social-cognitive network visualisation. The results showed that from a summative perspective, students’ social participatory roles were critical indicators of their level of cognitive engagement. From an epistemic perspective, socially active students tended to shift towards more group-level cognitive structure, while inactive students showed a decreasing individual-level cognitive structure throughout the discussion duration. From a micro-level perspective, a large proportion of individual students showed continually changing social participatory roles with fluctuating cognitive engagement levels. The findings have implications for collaborative learning theory, pedagogy support and learning analytics.
Implications for practice or policy:

Researchers can use the three-layered social-cognitive network analysis framework to examine student engagement.
Instructors should encourage student agency for facilitating high-quality online collaborative discussion.
Instructors should consider students’ different engagement levels in online discussions.
Emergent LOTE motivation? The L3 motivational dynamics of Japanese-major university students in China
Authors: Wu Xinran , Liu Yongcan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study explores language other than English (LOTE) learners’ third language (L3) motivational dynamics within the framework of the L2 motivational self-system theory. Analytical primacy is given to the role of the language learning experience in generating individual variances and non-linearities in motivational development. Four Japanese-major university students depicted their distinct L3 motivational fluctuations on a Motivational Timeline Sheet and recounted their stories of learning experience through narrative interviews, which were coded revealing the corresponding changes in learners’ L3 self-guides. It is found that learners’ meaning-making of experience provides the foundation for their self-guide construction, which leads to the emergence of motivation. Self-efficacy, relational influences, and perceived relevance of L3 learning play mediating roles between the learning experience and motivational change. This study calls for a non-reductionist and developmental way of conceptualising LOTE-as-L3 motivation and for attention paid to the unique opportunities and struggles faced by LOTE learners.
Soluble CD40 ligand and outcome in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Angeli Fabio , Verdecchia Paolo , Savonitto Stefano , Cavallini Sara , Santucci Andrea , Coiro Stefano , Sclafani Rocco , Riccini Clara , De Servi Stefano , Cavallini Claudio 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objectives
CD40 ligand (CD40L), a transmembrane glycoprotein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor family and expressed by a variety of cells, is involved in the basic mechanisms of inflammation, atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Some studies suggest that the soluble form of CD40L (sCD40L) is a predictor of major cardiovascular events and mortality in a variety of clinical settings, but data from literature are conflicting.

Methods
We studied consecutive patients with acute (ACS) or chronic (CCS) coronary syndrome who underwent percutaneous coronary artery intervention (PCI). Blood samples for sCD40L dosage were taken at baseline immediately before PCI. We tested the relation between sCD40L and pre-specified outcome measures consisting of new ACS, clinical restenosis and all-cause mortality. We recruited 3,841 patients (mean age 64 ± 11 years, 79% men) with ACS (n=2,383) or CCS (n=1,458).

Results
During a mean follow-up of two years (±0.6 years), 642 patients developed ACS, 409 developed restenosis (≥70% of at least one of the previously treated coronary segments) and 175 died. For each 1-standard deviation increase in sCD40L (0.80 ng/mL), the hazard ratios (HRs) for ACS, restenosis, and mortality were 1.11 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05 to 1.18, p<0.0001), 1.10 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.19, p=0.010), and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.86 to 1.16, p=0.983), respectively. In multivariable Cox regression models with adjustment for several potential confounders including age, acute or chronic coronary syndrome, multi-vessel disease, stent placement, diabetes, previous coronary events and dyslipidemia, sCD40L remained an independent predictor of ACS and coronary restenosis. There were no interactions between sCD40L and acute or chronic coronary syndrome or stent placement.

Conclusions
Among patients with ACS or CCS who undergo PCI, higher levels of sCD40L predict an increased risk of acute coronary events and coronary restenosis, but not of mortality.
Penalized likelihood estimation of the proportional hazards model for survival data with interval censoring
Authors: Ma Jun , Couturier Dominique-Laurent , Heritier Stephane , Marschner Ian C. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This paper considers the problem of semi-parametric proportional hazards model fitting where observed survival times contain event times and also interval, left and right censoring times. Although this is not a new topic, many existing methods suffer from poor computational performance. In this paper, we adopt a more versatile penalized likelihood method to estimate the baseline hazard and the regression coefficients simultaneously. The baseline hazard is approximated using basis functions such as M-splines. A penalty is introduced to regularize the baseline hazard estimate and also to ease dependence of the estimates on the knots of the basis functions. We propose a Newton–MI (multiplicative iterative) algorithm to fit this model. We also present novel asymptotic properties of our estimates, allowing for the possibility that some parameters of the approximate baseline hazard may lie on the parameter space boundary. Comparisons of our method against other similar approaches are made through an intensive simulation study. Results demonstrate that our method is very stable and encounters virtually no numerical issues. A real data application involving melanoma recurrence is presented and an R package ‘survivalMPL’ implementing the method is available on R CRAN.
Miss Marjoribanks’s Pronouns; or, the General, the Particular, and the Novel
Authors: Gray Erik 
Published: October 2021

Erik Gray, “Miss Marjoribanks’s Pronouns; or, the General, the Particular, and the Novel” (pp. 223–252)
The novel as a genre is always concerned with questions of the general and the particular: it details the particulars of everyday lives as representatives of general truths and characteristics. Margaret Oliphant’s Miss Marjoribanks (1866) not only reflects on this familiar binary but also reveals how easily the distinction between its two terms collapses. The tendency of the heroine, Lucilla Marjoribanks, to refer to all men as “They” illustrates this phenomenon. She uses the pronoun, with no antecedent, to refer either to a particular group of men or to men in general; her doing so both demeans men, by grouping them into an indiscriminate mass, and exalts them, by treating them as so significant as to need no introduction. By the same token, Lucilla’s various suitors are at the same time generalized—they appear as nearly interchangeable functions of the marriage plot—and particularized, since marriage itself involves a form of “particular” (Oliphant’s word) attention. And in the election plot that dominates the final volume of the novel, Lucilla’s chosen candidate, Mr. Ashburton, is singled out precisely for being so typical. Miss Marjoribanks thus demonstrates how the very building blocks of narrative, like those of language, effectively confound the distinction between general and particular. In its elucidation of this tendency of the novel genre, and of art in general, lies the genius and importance of Oliphant’s novel.
Metabolic health during a randomized controlled lifestyle intervention in women with PCOS
Authors: Dietz de Loos Alexandra , Jiskoot Geranne , Beerthuizen Annemerle , Busschbach Jan , Laven Joop 
Published: October 2021

Context
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Both PCOS and MetS are associated with excess weight.

Objective
To examine the effect of a three-component lifestyle intervention (LSI) with or without short message service (SMS+ or SMS−, respectively) on the prevalence and severity of MetS and metabolic parameters, compared to care as usual (CAU).

Design
Randomized controlled trial.

Methods
Women diagnosed with PCOS and a BMI >25 kg/m2 (n = 183) were either assigned to a 1-year three-component (cognitive behavioural therapy, diet, and exercise) LSI, with or without SMS support, or to CAU which provided weight-loss advice only. Main outcome measures included changes in the prevalence of MetS, the continuous MetS severity z-score (cMetS z-score), metabolic parameters, and the impact of weight loss.

Results
After 1 year, the decrease in the cMetS z-score was greater in the SMS+ group than the CAU group (−0.39, P  = 0.015). The prevalence of MetS changed with −21.6% (P  = 0.037), −16.5% (P  = 0.190), and +7.0% (P  = 0.509) in both LSI groups and CAU group, respectively. A post hoc analysis for both LSI groups combined vs CAU resulted in a MetS difference of −25.9% (P  = 0.046). Moreover, weight loss per se resulted in significantly favourable effects on all metabolic parameters.

Conclusions
This three-component LSI was more successful in improving metabolic health compared to CAU. Therefore, we recommend this intervention to women with PCOS and excess weight, provided that a clinically relevant weight loss is being pursued.
Insertarse, adaptarse y construir: Participación del exilio chileno en las universidades estatales costarricenses a partir de 1974
Authors: Ramírez-Hernández Marcela 
Published: October 2021

Profesionales de diversas ramas ocupacionales y disciplinas fueron expulsados de Chile como consecuencia de las políticas represivas y del desmantelamientodel Estado durante la dictadura de Augusto Pinochet. Costa Rica, como país receptor de este flujo migratorio contó, entre las décadas de 1970 y 1980, conla presencia de más de un centenar de profesionales chilenos, quienes encontraron en las universidades locales un campo fértil para el fortalecimientoy desarrollo de sus habilidades. Este artículo pretende reconocer sus perfiles socio profesionales y recorridos por la academia, empleando como fuentes los archivos universitarios y las entrevistas personales. A partir de la indagación se identificó que, a través del quehacer académico, varias de estas personas generaron significativos aportes desde la producción intelectual, la innovación temática, la administración universitaria, la fundación de carreras o desde el enriquecimiento metodológico y teórico a múltiples áreas del saber.
Hacer la revolución. Guerrillas latinoamericanas de los años sesenta a la caída del muro (Siglo XXI, Eds. Editorial Trotta, 2019), de Aldo Marchesi
Authors: Díaz-Venegas Daniel 
Published: October 2021

Reseña del libro:
Hacer la revolución. Guerrillas latinoamericanas de los años sesenta a la caída del muro (Siglo XXI, Eds. Editorial Trotta, 2019) de Aldo Marchesi
Memoria y globalización de una huaca en el Perú: los inicios de la iconización de Machu Picchu (1910-1915)
Authors: López-Lenci Yazmin 
Published: October 2021

El presente estudio aborda el inicio del proceso de construcción moderna del ícono por excelencia de memoria cultural, territorial y nacional que es emblemático de la globalidad para el Perú: Machu Picchu. Para ello, propone e registro de la genealogía simbólico-cultural que ha dado origen al ícono andino- amazónico, a inicios del siglo XX, a partir de una relectura crítica que interrelacione relatos de viajes, informes de expediciones científicas, catálogos naturalistas y visuales, así como narrativas periodísticas y textualidades ligadas a la industria naciente del turismo. A partir del análisis del surgimiento delrelato del “descubrimiento” de una “ciudad perdida”, el artículo analiza los datos sobre los cuales se basa este relato y los objetivos con los cuales fue articulado desde 1910 con la serie de expediciones científicas y arqueológicas a la región del Cusco.
Prevención de la violencia: La voz de jóvenes adolescentes
Authors: Cerdas Agüero Evelyn 
Published: October 2021

El presente artículo indaga en las opiniones y actitudes de adolescentes escolarizados y no escolarizados de la comunidad de Ciudad Colón en lo referentea su rol en la prevención de la violencia. La investigación que antecede a este artículo es de corte cualitativo, el método de investigación es el fenomenológicoy las técnicas utilizadas fueron la entrevista en profundidad, la biografía y la escala Likert. La población participante estuvo compuesta por adolescentes escolarizados y no escolarizados entre 15 y 17 años de edad. El estudio muestra que las personas participantes consideran que la prevención de la violenciaimplica resultados ligados a una mayor seguridad personal, disminución de la violencia directa, tranquilidad y es considerada una forma de incidir en el cambio de las personas para que haya menos violencia interpersonal. Las opiniones y actitudes se configuran en torno a asumir un rol personal vinculado a prácticas de prevención vinculadas al ocio y recreación, la educación, el diálogo, la solidaridad, la comunicación y la información.
Oktatott tárgyak kiértékelése szubjektív hallgatói vélemények alapján
Authors: Kenyeres Éva , Mihálykóné Orbán Éva , Mihálykó Csaba 
Published: October 2021

Összefoglaló. A tanulmányban a hallgatói vélemények kiértékelésének
egy lehetséges módját mutatjuk be. A hallgatói vélemények tipikusan
szubjektívek, ezért nehéz mérőszámokat rendelni hozzájuk. Így a hallgatói
véleményeztetést páros összehasonlításokkal tettük meg, és az így kialakult
adatok alapján Thurstone-módszerrel sorba rendeztük az egyes tantárgyakat és
oktatókat, számszerűsítettük a köztük kialakuló különbségeket. Munkánkban a
Pannon Egyetem Mérnöki Karán BSc képzésen oktatott alapvető fontosságú tárgyak
kiértékelését végeztük el néhány szempont alapján, de a módszer alkalmazható más
tárgyakra, illetve szempontokra is.
Summary. In this paper, a method for evaluation of students’
opinions is presented. These opinions are subjective therefore it is difficult
to characterize them by numbers/marks. We asked the opinions by comparing the
objects in pairs and the data are evaluated by the Thurstone method. Applying
this method, we could rank the objects (subjects or teachers) and we could also
determine numerical values for presenting the differences between them. During
this research, we have investigated the basic courses of the BSc studies of the
Faculty of Engineering of the University of Pannonia by some view of points, but
the method is suitable for evaluating other subjects and other questions as
well.
Középiskolások nyelvtanulásának eredményessége az anyagi, kulturális és társadalmi tőke tükrében
Authors: Novák Ildikó 
Published: October 2021

Összefoglaló. A hatékony középiskolai nyelvtanulás kérdésköre az
elmúlt évtizedekben a hazai kutatások középpontjába került. Ezen tanulmány egy
gimnáziumi és technikumi tanulók körében folytatott kérdőíves pilot kutatás
eredményeit mutatja be, melynek célja volt feltárni a tanulók anyagi, kulturális
és társadalmi tőkéje, valamint nyelvtanulási eredményessége között meglévő
kapcsolatot. Az eredmények összefüggést mutattak a nyelvtanulási eredményesség
és a szülők iskolai végzettsége, a családi könyvtár nagysága és a csoporttagság
között, azonban az anyagi tőkével való összefüggés nem volt megfigyelhető.
Summary. The importance of effective foreign language learning in
Hungarian secondary schools has become a key focus of research in the last
decades. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire-based pilot study
conducted among secondary grammar and secondary technical school students to
explore the relationship between the language learning effectiveness of the
students and their economic, cultural, and social capital. The results showed
correlations between language learning effectiveness and parental education, the
size of the family library as well as group membership; however, no correlation
with economic capital was detected.