bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust Hotelling’s T2 statistic based on M-estimator
Authors: Mokhtar Mohd Aizat Ahlam Mohamad , Yusoff Nur Syahidah , Liang Chuan Zun 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Hotelling’s T
2 statistic is the multivariate generalization of the student’s t-statistic. Hotelling’s T
2 statistics is a method for testing hypotheses about multidimensional means. However, the classical Hotelling’s T
2 statistic is very sensitive to the presence of outliers. In order to overcome this limitation, a modification is needed so that Hotelling’s T
2 is robust. In this paper, classical Hotelling’s T
2 statistic has been modified by substituting mean vector and covariance matrix with a robust estimator. M-estimator has been used for this modification. The performance of modified Hotelling’s T
2 statistic has been compared with the classical Hotelling’s T
2 statistic and discussed in this paper to illustrate the advantage of modified Hotelling’s T
2 statistic towards outliers. The performance of modified Hotelling’s T
2 statistic is better than classical Hotelling’s T
2 when number of sample, n and dimension, p is small.
Time Truncated Life Test for New Two-Sided Group Chain Sampling Plan (NTSGChSP-1) using Minimum Angle Method
Authors: Aziz Nazrina , Teh Mohd Azri Pawan , Zain Zakiyah 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This study constructs new two-sided group chain acceptance sampling plans (NTSGChSP-1) for generalized exponential distribution using minimum angle method. The minimum angle method is slightly advantageous over the previous methods of minimizing consumer’s and procedure’s risk, as it considers the optimal number of groups, g associated with the smallest angle, θ. In theory, an operating characteristics (OC) curve created with the smallest angle, θ closely resembles the ideal OC curve as the OC curve protects both parties, producer and consumer. The findings show that the optimal number of groups, g depends on the combinations of the design parameters. Plus, there is also a pattern for the optimal number of groups, g, where the optimal number of groups, g decreases as the specified constant, a increases. The two significant findings eventually assist the experimenter in designing the experiment on how many number of items should be selected for the inspection before making a final decision.
Provincial nitrogen footprints highlight variability in drivers of reactive nitrogen emissions in Canada
Authors: McCourt Sibeal , MacDonald Graham K 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nitrogen (N) footprints are one method to quantify consumer driven reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions. Canada is a highly urbanized yet economically natural resource-dependent country, providing an illustrative case study to examine attribution of Nr emissions to per capita consumption, either domestically or abroad. Yet, considered only at the national scale, N footprints may obscure absolute and relative contributions of local drivers to Nr emissions. We apply a top-down N footprint approach drawing from national N budgets, emissions inventories, and agricultural statistics to estimate sub-national (provincial) drivers of Nr emissions across Canada. We calculate per capita provincial Nr footprints from four primary sectors in 2018: (a) crop production, (b) animal production, (c) wastewater treatment, and (d) fossil fuel burning. We estimate that Canada’s total N footprint is 995.7 Gg Nr yr−1, which equates to an average per capita footprint nationally of 27.1 kg Nr capita−1 yr−1. The largest national contributions come from a few key (sub)sectors, including transport, beef consumption, and wastewater treatment. Provincial per capita N footprints vary widely, with the largest (Saskatchewan 50.3 kg Nr cap−1 yr−1) more than double the smallest (Ontario 22.0 kg Nr cap−1 yr−1). Most variation across provinces is due to the fossil fuels sector, including emissions from energy generation and the oil and gas industry. We therefore compare our top-down approach for the fossil fuels sector with bottom-up N footprints and territorial emissions methodologies. Per capita N emissions vary considerably across these approaches. For example, Alberta’s per-capita fossil fuel Nr emissions are 45.9, 23.0, and 6.3 kg Nr cap−1 yr−1 using territorial, top-down and bottom-up footprint approaches, respectively. This analysis demonstrates the challenges of attributing Nr emission for export-oriented economies. Our study provides novel insights on sub-national drivers of Nr emissions, emphasizing the need to consider how heterogeneous geographic contexts contribute to national N footprints.
AN IMPROVEMENT OF PRODUCTIVITY BY REAL TIME MACHINE MONITORING SYSTEM: A case study of printing industry
Authors: Pararach Sawat , Muttamara Apiwat , Kaewprapha Phisan 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Digital technologies and automation integration is one of the promising directions to increase productivity in the manufacturing. A consulting project to promoting the adoption of digital technology under the policy of the Department of Industrial Promotion, and Thailand 4.0 to help small and medium entrepreneurs (SMEs) to assess and gain readiness to the use of cyber-physical including digital technology. The real-time data gathering system for monitoring and displaying information is presented. For example, IoT based sensors is applied in digital counting of machine-made goods. This data can be used to analyze the root cause of a manufacturing process problem, for example, time lost due to discontinuity of work or setting up. Best practices are observed at a printing factory. The implementation shows the effective data acquisition even the running speed of a machine is high. The owner and manager gain real-time access to the dashboard through their mobile phone or personal computer. Therefore, they can manage their jobs instantly and remotely. Moreover, the stored data can be downloaded in Excel format. The data can be used in process waste analysis. The numerical results of using this system, overall equipment productivity and efficiency (OEE) were increased by 10% to 15%, approximately.
Identification of Lime Leaf Diseases with Deep Learning Technique on Android Smartphone
Authors: Thammachot N , Bootkote P , Thanimkarn S , Preecha C 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Leaf plant diseases are difficult to recognize because the symptoms of the disease appear very similar causing farmers to solve problems that don’t match the symptoms of the disease. This research presents the creation of a smartphone application for the identification of lime leaf diseases with deep learning technique. This uses 2 sets image data classified by plant disease specialist, 400 images for algorithm training and 100 images for algorithm testing for each disease. Algorithm development using Convolutional Neural Network that imitates the working of human brain neurons. This uses the supervised learning network type. The algorithm was developed based on the TensorFlow Framwork, Google’s open source library, and was used by Android Studio software to build smartphone applications in the Android operating system. For use, the algorithm that has been learned through the process of learning is embedded into the developed smartphone application. Then it was tested the application accuracy. The results of a smartphone application in the identification of lime leaf diseases found more than 90% accurate.
Physiochemical properties of vacuum fried durian (Durio Zibethinus Murr.) chips combined with microwave heating
Authors: Thongcharoenpipat C , Yamsaengsung R 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This research evaluated the effects of oil temperature, ripeness of durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.), and microwave combined heating (MCH) on the physiochemical properties of vacuum fried durian chips. The oil temperature was varied from 90, 100, 110, and 120°C, while the ripeness was determined in term of total sugar (base on day of ripening). In addition, the effect of pretreatment of durian chips by freezing overnight -18°C before vacuum frying (VF) was also investigated.
From this study, it was found that VF at 120°C with the ripeness of day 3 gave the lowest shrinkage, and using MCH produced a higher rate of moisture loss compared to the condition without MCH. Even though it was found that the ripeness of durian lead to more oil absorption, the addition of MCH resulted in decreasing the permeability of oil into the product. Finally, an increase in the frying temperature lead to a slight significant increase in color change (p<0.05), while the microwave power intensity did not have a significant effect on the color change (p<0.05).
Determination of feasible sites for wind farm using WAsP in Uttaradit, Thailand
Authors: Khan T , Taweekun J , Theppaya T 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Electricity production from the wind plays the potential role to reduce conventional way of electricity generation to reduce the negative impacts on the environment. In this study the data is collected from Uttaradit, the northern province of Thailand. The calculation in this study is based on ten-minutes interval data at 10 m observed during the year 2017-2019 by Thai meteorological department. Weibull distribution is applied to extract the monthly and yearly wind in the selected area by using wind atlas analysis and application program (WAsP). Moreover, in WAsP a stimulation was created to observe the comparison of potential of wind energy between three windiest sites located in the study area. The results generated show that the mean wind speed is 2.35m/s and the gradient wind direction from north and south are quite distinct. The annual energy production calculation of three sites in Uttaradit by WAsP estimates about 2125.815MWh, 3379.621MWh and 3369.235MWh respectively by using Bonus 300kW Mk III wind turbine. This paper suggests and supports the suitable sites and wind turbine for the electricity generation in Uttaradit. Hence, it will not only reduce the stress on conventional methods but also create awareness regarding the potential of wind energy.
Analysis of the Tools to Support Systematic Literature Review in Software Engineering
Authors: Stefanovic Darko , Havzi Sara , Nikolic Danilo , Dakic Dusanka , Lolic Teodora 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A thorough and accurate review of the literature is a necessary condition for relevant research. However, the literature review is a laborious, error-prone process. For this reason, various software tools are being developed to support researchers in conducting literature reviews. In this paper, three tools to support a systematic literature review in software engineering were analysed and evaluated using the DESMET methodology. Tools were found by conducting mapping study and were selected since they were most promising to support an overall systematic literature review process. Although the tools do not yet support the whole systematic review process on a high level, they provide a reasonable basis for further development. It is needed to set features that need to be supported by the tools.
An Analysis of the Impacts of Solar Electricity Generation on the Electricity Industry for Thailand
Authors: Aungyut P , Wattana B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of the impacts of solar electricity generation on the electricity industry for Thailand. In this paper, three scenarios (REF, Solar2015 and Solar2018) are developed to represent an increased levels of electricity produced from solar energy. A Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) model is employed in this paper to assess the impacts for the period 2019-2037. This paper assesses the scenario impacts in terms of diversification of electricity generation, generation technology mix, primary energy requirement and CO2 emissions. The analysis reveals that greater role of solar energy in the electricity generation would have positive impacts on the Thai electricity generation from several aspects including improving the diversification of primary energy supply for electricity generation, reducing fossil fuel consumptions for power production, less reliance on fossil fuel sources and environmentally friendly electricity generation. For example, 20% share of solar in fuel mix for power generation would result in a 17% reduction in fossil fuel consumption. Furthermore, it would contribute to a 16% decrease in CO2 emissions and 28% reduction in SO2 emissions. Despite several benefits, there are a number of emerging barriers for promoting solar based electricity generation in Thailand. These include inefficient and unreliable nature of solar energy for baseload electricity demand, high-initial cost, unsupportable grid infrastructure and unfavourable regulatory framework. This paper, therefore, recommends that development of energy storage technologies, improvement of grid flexibility and the revision of the regulations to support solar energy business could be effective strategies in order to address the barriers facing the Thai electricity industry.
Inactivation of Escherichia coli by several types of gas bubbles
Authors: Naewkanya P. , Petiraksakul A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The ability of gas bubbles to inactivate Escherichia coli suspended in distilled water at varied temperature and several types of gas, namely carbon dioxide, nitrogen and argon, was investigated. The results of the experiment showed that carbon dioxide gas bubbles gave the better inactivation of Escherichia coli than other gasses and the number of surviving Escherichia coli was reduced by approximately 0.76-log from the treatment of carbon dioxide gas bubbles at 4-10°C and gas flowrate of 2.5 ml/min for 40 min. The pH of solution after treatment with carbon dioxide gas bubbles for 40 min was 3.8. Furthermore, the number of surviving Escherichia coli was reduced by approximately 1.62-log when the solution temperature was increased to 50°C with the same condition of the treatment of carbon dioxide gas bubbles at 4-10°C. It was found that the addition of carbon dioxide gas bubbles together with increasing the solution temperature can significantly reduce the number of Escherichia coli. The most suitable of inactivation kinetics reaction was first order and the rate constant, k, at 4-10°C, 30°C and 50°C was 0.0220, 0.0013 and 0.0475 min -1, respectively. The decimal reduction time D at 4-10°C, 30°C and 50°C was 45.45, 769.23 and 21.05 min, respectively.
The Degradation of Austenitic Stainless Steel at High Temperature in Simulated Carbon Monoxide Containing Atmosphere of Biomass-to-Liquid Plants
Authors: Treewiriyakitja Paweena , Thongyoug Penpisuth , Pokwitidkul Suwijak , Tungtrongpairoj Jennarong 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Biomass fuel is effective renewable energy and being used for replacing fossil fuel energy. It can be produced from synthesis gas containing a high percentage of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H2) in biomass-to-liquid plants. Austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L (Cr17% Ni 10% Mo 2%) is used for equipment parts in chemical and petrochemical industries due to good corrosion resistance at various operating conditions. The corrosion resistance of stainless steel may be degraded by the reduction reaction of the passive film and carbide formation from carbon diffusion, which leads to the intergranular corrosion on the steel surface. This research aims to study the degradation of stainless steel AISI 316L in a simulated carbon monoxide containing atmosphere at 15-45%CO and a sensitizing temperature of 800 °C. Before the test, the samples were preoxidized in the air at 800 °C for 6 hours. An electrochemical reactivation (EPR) technique was used to analyze for detecting sensitization. The mass change of AISI 316L slightly increased after the reduction test. Besides, the high carbon diffusion was shown on the steel surfaces as chromium carbides at the high percentage of carbon monoxide.
A study on activated carbon from Borassus flabellifer shell by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide for supercapacitor
Authors: Chaitammachok C. , Taweekun J. , Maliwan K. , Theppaya T. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The supercapacitor is significant in daily life. It is an alternative option that can storage energy. This research focused on studying the effect of Potassium hydroxide concentration content increasing surface area of the Borassus flabellifer shell charcoal (BFC), power density and energy density of activated carbon as electrode and cycles. Borassus flabellifer shell as agricultural waste was carbonized with tube furnace at nitrogen atmosphere by heated at 400 °C for 1 hour. Activated carbon with KOH (the mass ratio of KOH: BFC; 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 4:1 and 5:1) (BAC) was heated at 900 °C for 2 hours. The results of the research show that suitable concentration of KOH: BFC to activated with higher pore volume and higher surface area. BAC- 5 (5:1) is the highest pore volume of 1679.61 m 2/g and the highest pore volume of 0.737 (cm 3/g) but BAC-4 (4:1) is the best because it has a similar surface area and is economical, the highest pore volume of 1607.092 m 2/g and the highest pore volume of 0.686 (cm 3/g). BAC-1, BAC-2, BAC-3, BAC-4 and BAC-5 have average pore diameters, respectively, around of 1.609 nm., 1.641 nm., 1.742 nm., 1.708 nm. and 1.754 nm. The average pore size of products is microporous.
X-ray and infrared spectroscopy study on contamination of asbestos in Thai commercial cosmetic talc powder product
Authors: Boonruang C , Won-in K , Thumanu K , Dararutana P 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
It is well-known that asbestos such as asbestosis and mesothelioma is a fiber causing lung diseases. Talc is used for commercial applications for example paints, plastics, papers, ceramics, construction materials, and cosmetics. It is well-known that the cosmetic talc powder is used for preventing diaper rash as a deodorant. The sampling in this work has been done from various commercial products in Thailand. Their microstructure and elemental composition are analyzed using a scanning electron microscope coupled with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS). A small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) based on synchrotron radiation are also carried out to determine their phase composition and functional groups. It has been found that fibers with asbestos-like shapes are present in some
samples. The main composition of oxygen, silicon, and magnesium in samples are in the form of the functional groups that associate with absorption band in the range of 3600-3700 cm -1 of IR spectra. It is proposed that there are 6 from 17 samples that possibly have asbestos contamination.
Screening analysis of pesticides in the protected area of Zobnatica Lake
Authors: Mihajlović I , Živančev N , Sremački M , Milovanović D , Špánik I , Novaković M , Petrović M 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The aim of study was to characterize pollution of water in protected area of Zobnatica Lake in the vicinity of Backa Topola, Serbia. The sampling campaigns were conducted in spring and summer 2019 in order to identify organic pollutants in water samples. Samples were prepared by liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by GC-MS in SCAN and SIM mode. Screening analyses indicated the presence of pesticides: terbuthylazine, alpha-cypermethrin, aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA) and urea. Terbuthylazine was detected in both sampling campaigns. Results specified the need for comprehensive water monitoring program in order to determine specific pollutants in protected area of Lake Zobnatica caused water pollution by agricultural activities.
Investigation of the Cr volatilisation using the ceramic phase collector technique
Authors: Thublaor T , Wiman P , Nanna C , Jaijitmun W , Krittiyanitsakun S , Siripongsakul T 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
An effect of chromium contamination in the lanthanum strontium manganite (LSM) cathode which is a component of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) leads to degradation of the device. This is caused by volatilisation of Cr-species from the iron-chromium alloy at high temperature. In this work, the ceramic phase collector technique was used to evaluate the Cr volatilisation. To prove the effectiveness of this method, AISI 430 ferritic stainless steel samples with and without cobalt (Co) spinel coatings were used to compare the Cr condensation in the LSM ceramic. The coatings were produced by electroplating followed by a heat-treatment process. The samples were characterised using SEM with EDX and XRD to confirm the microstructure and the formation of Co spinel. It was found that chromium migration was restrained for coated samples, in contrast the Cr-species deposited in the LSM for uncoated samples. The chromium volatilisation evaluated by the contents of Cr species in the LSM collector was compared to the traditional condensation technique which analysed chemical contents by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).
Circular economy as possible solution for asbestos burden
Authors: Zoraja B , Živančev M , Ubavin D , Nakomčić-Smaragdakis B 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Asbestos has been used worldwide in a large number of products throughout the 1970 s and 1980s. After the proven influence of asbestos materials on diseases that could have a fatal outcome was confirmed, bans on the use and production of these materials began. However, there are still significant quantities of asbestos waste and materials in the environment and there is a need for safe and permanent solution. As a support to sustainable development by minimizing waste production and harmful emissions as well as by reducing the consumption of natural resources, the circular economy (CE) is recognized in the EU as a leading solution. The main meaning of CE in waste management field is to turning waste into a resource. Considering above-mentioned, this paper presents how to resolve a problem of asbestos waste that is currently and will continue to be present. Instead of occupying the space, which is also a valuable resource, with landfills that also raise cost, asbestos can be used in construction material industry. Paper presents estimated amounts of asbestos waste, proposal for appropriate waste collection, treatment and market placing of a new product in Serbia. The conclusion of the paper is that the presented model of circular economy for asbestos in Serbia is feasible, in this way it would be possible to achieve some incomes from material selling and, also, releasing some space. In addition, for the implementation of this model of asbestos management, it is necessary to have Government involvement through investment in infrastructure and improvement of legislation.