bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect ofNANOGoverexpression on porcine embryonic development and pluripotent embryonic stem cell formationin vitro
Authors: Bou Gerelchimeg , Guo Shimeng , Guo Jia , Chai Zhuang , Zhao Jianchao , Li Yan , Liu Zhonghua 
Published: December 2021

SummaryThe efficiency of establishing pig pluripotent embryonic stem cell clones from blastocysts is still low. The transcription factor Nanog plays an important role in maintaining the pluripotency of mouse and human embryonic stem cells. Adequate activation of Nanog has been reported to increase the efficiency of establishing mouse embryonic stem cells from 3.5 day embryos. In mouse, Nanog starts to be strongly expressed as early as the morula stage, whereas in porcine NANOG starts to be strongly expressed by the late blastocyst stage. Therefore, here we investigated both the effect of expressingNANOGon porcine embryos early from the morula stage and the efficiency of porcine pluripotent embryonic stem cell clone formation. Compared with intact porcine embryos,NANOGoverexpression induced a lower blastocyst rate, and did not show any advantages for embryo development and pluripotent embryonic stem cell line formation. These results indicated that, although NANOG is important pluripotent factor,NANOGoverexpression is unnecessary for the initial formation of porcine pluripotent embryonic stem cell clonesin vitro.
AN EFFECTIVE ANALYTIC FORMULA FOR THE NUMBER OF DISTINCT IRREDUCIBLE FACTORS OF A POLYNOMIAL
Authors: GARCIA STEPHAN RAMON , LEE ETHAN SIMPSON , SUH JOSH , YU JIAHUI 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWe obtain an effective analytic formula, with explicit constants, for the number of distinct irreducible factors of a polynomial
$f \in \mathbb {Z}[x]$
. We use an explicit version of Mertens’ theorem for number fields to estimate a related sum over rational primes. For a given
$f \in \mathbb {Z}[x]$
, our result yields a finite list of primes that certifies the number of distinct irreducible factors of f.
Social Scientization and the Schooling State in UK Parliamentary Discourse, 1803–1909
Authors: Smith Daniel Scott 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTraditional accounts of state expansion and of the rise of state schooling in the nineteenth century emphasize economic, political, and social development as well as conflict and domination. These accounts explain the introduction of new state structures, like ministries of education, rules of compulsion, and the general elaboration of bureaucracies. This article contributes to the historical sociological study of state expansion with specific regard to schooling by refocusing on the role that macrocultural processes of social scientization played in shaping the discursive construction and expansion of the state. Designed to analyze the 1.3 million speeches given in the UK parliament during the nineteenth century, the research reported here supports the argument that the development, professionalization, and institutionalization of the social sciences—social scientization—was a powerful force of cultural construction across the West and was positively associated with expanded notions of the state, as evidenced with the case of the United Kingdom. This article therefore not only provides an important alternative view to those who emphasize economic and social transformation but it also advances the empirical study of the powerful role that social science, as generative institution of cultural construction, played in shaping official discourses of the state—in this instance, the schooling state.
Assimilation of Both Column‐ and Layer‐Integrated Dust Opacity Observations in the Martian Atmosphere
Authors: Ruan Tao , Young R. M. B. , Lewis S. R. , Montabone L. , Valeanu A. , Read P. L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA new dust data assimilation scheme has been developed for the UK version of the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique Martian General Circulation Model. The Analysis Correction scheme (adapted from the UK Met Office) is applied with active dust lifting and transport to analyze measurements of temperature, and both column‐integrated dust optical depth (CIDO),τref(rescaled to a reference level), and layer‐integrated dust opacity (LIDO). The results are shown to converge to the assimilated observations, but assimilating either of the dust observation types separately does not produce the best analysis. The most effective dust assimilation is found to require both CIDO (from Mars Odyssey/THEMIS) and LIDO observations, especially for Mars Climate Sounder data that does not access levels close to the surface. The resulting full reanalysis improves the agreement with both in‐sample assimilated CIDO and LIDO data and independent observations from outside the assimilated data set. It is thus able to capture previously elusive details of the dust vertical distribution, including elevated detached dust layers that have not been captured in previous reanalyzes. Verification of this reanalysis has been carried out under both clear and dusty atmospheric conditions during Mars Years 28 and 29, using both in‐sample and out of sample observations from orbital remote sensing and contemporaneous surface measurements of dust opacity from the Spirit and Opportunity landers. The reanalysis was also compared with a recent version of the Mars Climate Database (MCD v5), demonstrating generally good agreement though with some systematic differences in both time mean fields and day‐to‐day variability.
Roles of Atmospheric Turbulence and Stratification in a Regional Pollution Transport Event in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River
Authors: Zhou Yue , Guo Jianping , Zhao Tianliang , Lv Jingjing , Bai Yongqing , Wang Chenggang , Sun Xiaoyun , Hu Weiyang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAtmospheric turbulence and the planetary boundary layer (PBL) can significantly modulate the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration near the ground surface. However, the mechanism by which they affect the variation in PM2.5 is poorly understood. Using surface‐based meteorological and PM2.5 observations, turbulence measurements, and high‐resolution soundings, this study analyzed the properties of turbulence and PBL stratification during a severe regional pollution transport event in Xiangyang, a city in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, from January 3 to January 9, 2019. During the growth stage, PM2.5 was observed to increase continuously under a northerly wind of 2–4 m s−1 that brought a polluted air mass to central China. During the entire pollution event, the turbulent kinetic energy and sensible heat flux tended to be lower at high PM2.5 concentrations. This correlation varied greatly depending on the stage of the event. A negative correlation existed in the initial and maintenance stages, whereas the relationship was positive during the growth stage, when regional transport dominated the variation in PM2.5. There was no obvious inversion layer below 500 m during the entire pollution episode, and a weak inversion layer appeared at higher altitudes in the initial and maintenance stages. Vertically homogeneous northerly winds favored the transboundary transport of pollutants, causing a significant increase in ground‐level PM2.5 concentration. By contrast, the presence of wind shear in the prevailing northerly winds suppressed pollutant transport to the ground, resulting in a low‐value gap in PM2.5 concentration between high altitudes and the ground surface.
Dayside Low Energy Electron Precipitation Driven by Hiss Waves in the Presence of Ionospheric Photoelectrons
Authors: Khazanov George V. , Ma Qianli 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs was demonstrated by many observations, hiss waves are often to observed in the dayside plasmasphere and plumes. Previous studies of hiss waves have been focused on the scattering of energetic electrons of 10–1,000 keV energies and only recently this focus was shifted to the energies below several keV down to the energies of tens of eV. These studies, however, did not include electrons of ionospheric origin photo‐ and secondary‐ electrons. The major focus of our study is dayside low energy electron precipitation driven by hiss waves in the presence of ionospheric photo‐ and secondary‐ electrons. It is found that photoelectrons play an important role in hiss waves driven low energy electron precipitation phenomena. They are serving as the seed population that is required to study the low energy (below 1 keV) electrons using different kinetic approaches that are considered in this study. Our approach is based two kinetic codes: the SuperThermal Electron Transport (STET) and Fokker Plank (F‐P) models. The STET code couples magnetospheric hiss‐driven electron precipitation dynamic with ionosphere and forms the low energy MI coupling input to the F‐P code. The latter finalizes the formation of electron distribution function at magnetospheric altitudes via Landau resonant heating and forms the combined electron distribution function that is driven by Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere (MI) energy interplay processes.
Psychological Predictors of Family-Based Behavioral Treatment Response in a Diverse Sample of Youth With Obesity
Authors: Fornander Mirae J. , Bates Carolyn R. , Hampl Sarah E. , Beck Amy R. , Dreyer Gillette Meredith L. 
Published: December 2021

Objective: Despite strong evidence supporting the efficacy of family-based behavioral treatment (FBBT) for pediatric obesity, programs rarely achieve optimal effectiveness for all youth. Understanding treatment response among racially/ethnically diverse youth and the role of psychological concerns in obesity treatment response will better inform pediatric psychologists' treatment recommendations in pediatric obesity populations. The current study aimed to evaluate (a) FBBT effectiveness in a racially/ethnically diverse population and (b) the rates, and possible impact, of psychological comorbidities at baseline on treatment outcomes. Method: Participants included 351 youth who had obesity and their families who participated in 12 weeks of group FBBT. Parent-reported psychological concerns were measured at baseline using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17, and anthropometric data were collected at baseline and treatment end. Paired-samples t-tests and mixed-effects repeated-measures analysis of covariance were utilized to examine psychological predictors of changes in body mass index percent of the 95th percentile (%95thpercentile) during treatment. Results: No differences in FBBT response based on race or ethnicity were identified. Findings indicated that a higher baseline %95thpercentile was associated with more internalizing, externalizing, and total psychological concerns. While youth in the intervention experienced a significant reduction in %95thpercentile from baseline to treatment end overall, youth with elevated baseline externalizing concerns did not exhibit significant decreases in %95thpercentile. Conclusions: FBBT was demonstrated to be equally effective across racial/ethnic groups, while significant differences were observed based on psychological concerns reported at baseline. This study highlights the utility of preliminary psychological screening to promote individualized care within pediatric obesity treatment. Implications for Impact Statement This study evaluated family based behavioral treatment (FBBT) response in a racially/ethnically diverse population and explored the impact of child psychological concerns on FBBT response. Psychological screening prior to pediatric weight management interventions may help identify youth at risk for suboptimal benefit of FBBT. Treatment recommendations based on psychological screening results are discussed.
Systemic inflammation and emotional responses during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hamilton Odessa S. , Cadar Dorina , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on population mental health is of global concern. Inflammatory processes are thought to contribute to mental ill-health, but their role in experiences of psychological distress during the pandemic has not been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that elevated inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity plasma C-reactive protein [CRP] and plasma fibrinogen) measured pre-pandemic would be positively predictive of increased depressive symptoms experienced during the pandemic. Data were analysed from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), with 3574 individuals aged >50 for CRP and 3314 for fibrinogen measured in waves 8 (2016/17) or 9 (2018/19). Depressive symptoms were measured with a short version of the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) pre-pandemic (2016–2019) and during the pandemic (June/July 2020). Participants with higher baseline CRP concentrations had 40% higher odds of developing depressive symptoms during the pandemic (ORadjusted = 1.40, 95% CI 1.12–1.73, p = 0.003) after full adjustment. Fibrinogen concentrations were also associated with depressive symptoms during the pandemic (ORadjusted = 1.23, 95% CI 1.04–1.46, p = 0.019), but this association was no longer significant after controlling for lifestyle factors (smoking status, alcohol consumption and physical activity). In this large population study, systemic inflammation measured 1–3 years pre-pandemic was associated with greater depressed mood during the early months of the pandemic. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that higher levels of inflammation increase the vulnerability of older people to impaired mental health in the presence of the widespread stress of the COVID-19 pandemic.
ETV5-mediated upregulation of lncRNA CTBP1-DT as a ceRNA facilitates HGSOC progression by regulating miR-188-5p/MAP3K3 axis
Authors: Liu Ping , Fu Ruiting , Chen Kai , Zhang Lu , Wang Shasha , Liang Weihua , Zou Hong , Tao Lin , Jia Wei 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHigh-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a common and lethal cancer of the female reproductive system. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in various cancers and play crucial roles in tumour progression. However, their function and molecular mechanism in HGSOC remain largely unknown. Based on public databases and bioinformatics analyses, the overexpression of lncRNA CTBP1-DT in HGSOC tissues was detected and validated in a cohort of HGSOC tissues. High expression of lncRNA CTBP1-DT was associated with poor prognosis and was an independent risk factor for survival. Overexpression of lncRNA CTBP1-DT promoted malignant biological behaviour of HGSOC cells, whereas its depletion induced growth arrest of HGSOC cells by vitro and in vivo assays. Mechanistically, lncRNA CTBP1-DT could competitively bind to miR-188-5p to protect MAP3K3 from degradation. Moreover, our results revealed that ETV5 could specifically interact with the promoter of lncRNA CTBP1-DT and activate its transcription. Collectively, these results reveal a novel ETV5/lncRNA CTBP1-DT/miR-188-5p/MAP3K3 pathway for HGSOC progression and suggest that lncRNA CTBP1-DT might be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for HGSOC.
High-specific-power flexible transition metal dichalcogenide solar cells
Authors: Nassiri Nazif Koosha , Daus Alwin , Hong Jiho , Lee Nayeun , Vaziri Sam , Kumar Aravindh , Nitta Frederick , Chen Michelle E. , Kananian Siavash , Islam Raisul , Kim Kwan-Ho , Park Jin-Hong , Poon Ada S. Y. , Brongersma Mark L. , Pop Eric , Saraswat Krishna C. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSemiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are promising for flexible high-specific-power photovoltaics due to their ultrahigh optical absorption coefficients, desirable band gaps and self-passivated surfaces. However, challenges such as Fermi-level pinning at the metal contact–TMD interface and the inapplicability of traditional doping schemes have prevented most TMD solar cells from exceeding 2% power conversion efficiency (PCE). In addition, fabrication on flexible substrates tends to contaminate or damage TMD interfaces, further reducing performance. Here, we address these fundamental issues by employing: (1) transparent graphene contacts to mitigate Fermi-level pinning, (2) MoOx capping for doping, passivation and anti-reflection, and (3) a clean, non-damaging direct transfer method to realize devices on lightweight flexible polyimide substrates. These lead to record PCE of 5.1% and record specific power of 4.4 W g−1 for flexible TMD (WSe2) solar cells, the latter on par with prevailing thin-film solar technologies cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, amorphous silicon and III-Vs. We further project that TMD solar cells could achieve specific power up to 46 W g−1, creating unprecedented opportunities in a broad range of industries from aerospace to wearable and implantable electronics.
How to build a ribosome from RNA fragments in Chlamydomonas mitochondria
Authors: Waltz Florent , Salinas-Giegé Thalia , Englmeier Robert , Meichel Herrade , Soufari Heddy , Kuhn Lauriane , Pfeffer Stefan , Förster Friedrich , Engel Benjamin D. , Giegé Philippe , Drouard Laurence , Hashem Yaser 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMitochondria are the powerhouse of eukaryotic cells. They possess their own gene expression machineries where highly divergent and specialized ribosomes, named hereafter mitoribosomes, translate the few essential messenger RNAs still encoded by mitochondrial genomes. Here, we present a biochemical and structural characterization of the mitoribosome in the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, as well as a functional study of some of its specific components. Single particle cryo-electron microscopy resolves how the Chlamydomonas mitoribosome is assembled from 13 rRNA fragments encoded by separate non-contiguous gene pieces. Additional proteins, mainly OPR, PPR and mTERF helical repeat proteins, are found in Chlamydomonas mitoribosome, revealing the structure of an OPR protein in complex with its RNA binding partner. Targeted amiRNA silencing indicates that these ribosomal proteins are required for mitoribosome integrity. Finally, we use cryo-electron tomography to show that Chlamydomonas mitoribosomes are attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane via two contact points mediated by Chlamydomonas-specific proteins. Our study expands our understanding of mitoribosome diversity and the various strategies these specialized molecular machines adopt for membrane tethering.
Non-canonical Wnt signaling promotes directed migration of intestinal stem cells to sites of injury
Authors: Hu Daniel Jun-Kit , Yun Jina , Elstrott Justin , Jasper Heinrich 
Published: December 2021

AbstractTissue regeneration after injury requires coordinated regulation of stem cell activation, division, and daughter cell differentiation, processes that are increasingly well understood in many regenerating tissues. How accurate stem cell positioning and localized integration of new cells into the damaged epithelium are achieved, however, remains unclear. Here, we show that enteroendocrine cells coordinate stem cell migration towards a wound in theDrosophilaintestinal epithelium. In response to injury, enteroendocrine cells release the N-terminal domain of the PTK7 orthologue, Otk, which activates non-canonical Wnt signaling in intestinal stem cells, promoting actin-based protrusion formation and stem cell migration towards a wound. We find that this migratory behavior is closely linked to proliferation, and that it is required for efficient tissue repair during injury. Our findings highlight the role of non-canonical Wnt signaling in regeneration of the intestinal epithelium, and identify enteroendocrine cell-released ligands as critical coordinators of intestinal stem cell migration.
Structural and molecular basis for Cardiovirus 2A protein as a viral gene expression switch
Authors: Hill Chris H. , Pekarek Lukas , Napthine Sawsan , Kibe Anuja , Firth Andrew E. , Graham Stephen C. , Caliskan Neva , Brierley Ian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProgrammed –1 ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) in cardioviruses is activated by the 2A protein, a multi-functional virulence factor that also inhibits cap-dependent translational initiation. Here we present the X-ray crystal structure of 2A and show that it selectively binds to a pseudoknot-like conformation of the PRF stimulatory RNA element in the viral genome. Using optical tweezers, we demonstrate that 2A stabilises this RNA element, likely explaining the increase in PRF efficiency in the presence of 2A. Next, we demonstrate a strong interaction between 2A and the small ribosomal subunit and present a cryo-EM structure of 2A bound to initiated 70S ribosomes. Multiple copies of 2A bind to the 16S rRNA where they may compete for binding with initiation and elongation factors. Together, these results define the structural basis for RNA recognition by 2A, show how 2A-mediated stabilisation of an RNA pseudoknot promotes PRF, and reveal how 2A accumulation may shut down translation during virus infection.
Strategies to package recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus expressing the N-terminal gasdermin domain for tumor treatment
Authors: Lu Yuan , He Wenbo , Huang Xin , He Yu , Gou Xiaojuan , Liu Xiaoke , Hu Zhe , Xu Weize , Rahman Khaista , Li Shan , Hu Sheng , Luo Jie , Cao Gang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPyroptosis induced by the N-terminal gasdermin domain (GSDMNT) holds great potential for anti-tumor therapy. However, due to the extreme cytoxicity of GSDMNT, it is challenging to efficiently produce and deliver GSDMNT into tumor cells. Here, we report the development of two strategies to package recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) expressing GSDMNT: 1) drive the expression of GSDMNT by a mammal specific promoter and package the virus in Sf9 insect cells to avoid its expression; 2) co-infect rAAV-Cre to revert and express the double-floxed inverted GSDMNT. We demonstrate that these rAAVs can induce pyroptosis and prolong survival in preclinical cancer models. The oncolytic-viruses induce pyroptosis and evoke a robust immune-response. In a glioblastoma model, rAAVs temporarily open the blood-brain barrier and recruit tumor infiltrating lymphocytes into the brain. The oncolytic effect is further improved in combination with anti-PD-L1. Together, our strategies efficiently produce and deliver GSDMNT into tumor cells and successfully induce pyroptosis, which can be exploited for anti-tumor therapy.
Hedgehog-Interacting Protein is a multimodal antagonist of Hedgehog signalling
Authors: Griffiths Samuel C. , Schwab Rebekka A. , El Omari Kamel , Bishop Benjamin , Iverson Ellen J. , Malinauskas Tomas , Dubey Ramin , Qian Mingxing , Covey Douglas F. , Gilbert Robert J. C. , Rohatgi Rajat , Siebold Christian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractHedgehog (HH) morphogen signalling, crucial for cell growth and tissue patterning in animals, is initiated by the binding of dually lipidated HH ligands to cell surface receptors. Hedgehog-Interacting Protein (HHIP), the only reported secreted inhibitor of Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signalling, binds directly to SHH with high nanomolar affinity, sequestering SHH. Here, we report the structure of the HHIP N-terminal domain (HHIP-N) in complex with a glycosaminoglycan (GAG). HHIP-N displays a unique bipartite fold with a GAG-binding domain alongside a Cysteine Rich Domain (CRD). We show that HHIP-N is required to convey full HHIP inhibitory function, likely by interacting with the cholesterol moiety covalently linked to HH ligands, thereby preventing this SHH-attached cholesterol from binding to the HH receptor Patched (PTCH1). We also present the structure of the HHIP C-terminal domain in complex with the GAG heparin. Heparin can bind to both HHIP-N and HHIP-C, thereby inducing clustering at the cell surface and generating a high-avidity platform for SHH sequestration and inhibition. Our data suggest a multimodal mechanism, in which HHIP can bind two specific sites on the SHH morphogen, alongside multiple GAG interactions, to inhibit SHH signalling.