bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The inhibitory mechanisms of losartan and vitamin D on amiodarone‐induced lung inflammation in rats: Role of mitogen‐activated protein kinases/activator protein‐1
Authors: Al‐Hassan Sara , Attia Hala , Alomar Hatun , Arafa Maha , Ali Rehab A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAmiodarone (AMD), an antiarrhythmic drug, is used cautiously due to its lung toxicity that is characterized by alveolar inflammation followed by fatal fibrosis. AMD induces lung inflammation via increasing the alveolar macrophages and disturbing the balance of T‐helper‐1 (Th1) and Th2 cells cytokines. In this study, the role of the mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/activator protein‐1 (AP‐1) pathway in AMD‐induced lung inflammation was evaluated. Also, the anti‐inflammatory and antifibrotic effects of losartan and/or vitamin D were investigated following 7, 14, and 28 days of AMD administration. AMD resulted in lung injury, inflammatory infiltration, and increased pulmonary levels of inflammatory cytokines starting from Week 1 of exposure. A significant increase in serum levels of interleukin‐4 along with a significant reduction of interferon‐gamma, in addition to strong expression of CD68, were reported after 14 and 28 days of AMD administration reflecting Th1/Th2 cytokines imbalance and the accumulation of alveolar macrophages, respectively. The phosphorylation of MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK, p38) and AP‐1 was significantly enhanced starting from Week 1 of exposure. Marked expression of transforming growth factor beta‐1 and massive deposition of collagen were detected after 28 days reflecting late fibrosis. All these abnormalities were significantly mitigated by vitamin D and its combination with losartan. Losartan alone has less prominent anti‐inflammatory effects particularly after 28 days; however, it efficiently prevented late fibrosis. This study concludes that MAPKs/AP‐1 pathway is involved in AMD‐induced lung inflammation and that vitamin D and/or losartan could be used as a prophylactic agent to prevent AMD‐induced lung toxicity.
Magnetization‐prepared spoiled gradient‐echo snapshot imaging for efficient measurement of R2‐R1ρ in knee cartilage
Authors: Han Misung , Tibrewala Radhika , Bahroos Emma , Pedoia Valentina , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: September 2021

PurposeTo validate the potential of quantifying R2‐R1ρ using one pair of signals with T1ρ preparation and T2 preparation incorporated to magnetization‐prepared angle‐modulated partitioned k‐space spoiled gradient‐echo snapshots (MAPSS) acquisition and to find an optimal preparation time (Tprep) for in vivo knee MRI.MethodsBloch equation simulations were first performed to assess the accuracy of quantifying R2‐R1ρ using T1ρ‐ and T2‐prepared signals with an equivalent Tprep. For validation of this technique in comparison to the conventional approach that calculates R2‐R1ρ after estimating both T2 and T1ρ, phantom experiments and in vivo validation with five healthy subjects and five osteoarthritis patients were performed at a clinical 3T scanner.ResultsBloch equation simulations demonstrated that the accuracy of this efficient R2‐R1ρ quantification method and the optimal Tprep can be affected by image signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and tissue relaxation times, but quantification can be closest to the reference with an around 25 ms Tprep for knee cartilage. Phantom experiments demonstrated that the proposed method can depict R2‐R1ρ changes with agarose gel concentration. With in vivo data, significant correlation was observed between cartilage R2‐R1ρ measured from the conventional and the proposed methods, and a Tprep of 25.6 ms provided the most agreement by Bland‐Altman analysis. R2‐R1ρ was significantly lower in patients than in healthy subjects for most cartilage compartments.ConclusionAs a potential biomarker to indicate cartilage degeneration, R2‐R1ρ can be efficiently measured using one pair of T1ρ‐prepared and T2‐prepared signals with an optimal Tprep considering cartilage relaxation times and image SNR.
Demonstration of fast multi‐slice quasi‐steady‐state chemical exchange saturation transfer (QUASS CEST) human brain imaging at 3T
Authors: Kim Hahnsung , Krishnamurthy Lisa C. , Sun Phillip Zhe 
Published: September 2021

PurposeTo combine multi‐slice chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging with quasi‐steady‐state (QUASS) processing and demonstrate the feasibility of fast QUASS CEST MRI at 3T.MethodsFast multi‐slice echo planar imaging (EPI) CEST imaging was developed with concatenated slice acquisition after single radiofrequency irradiation. The multi‐slice CEST signal evolution was described by the spin‐lock relaxation during saturation duration (Ts) and longitudinal relaxation during the relaxation delay time (Td) and post‐label delay (PLD), from which the QUASS CEST was generalized to fast multi‐slice acquisition. In addition, numerical simulations, phantom, and normal human subjects scans were performed to compare the conventional apparent and QUASS CEST measurements with different Ts, Td, and PLD.ResultsThe numerical simulation showed that the apparent CEST effect strongly depends on Ts, Td, and PLD, while the QUASS CEST algorithm minimizes such dependences. In the L‐carnosine gel phantom, the proposed QUASS CEST effects (2.68 ± 0.12% [mean ± SD]) were higher than the apparent CEST effects (1.85 ± 0.26%, p < 5e‐4). In the human brain imaging, Bland‐Altman analysis bias of the proposed QUASS CEST effects was much smaller than the PLD‐corrected apparent CEST effects (0.03% vs. −0.54%), indicating the proposed fast multi‐slice CEST imaging is robust and accurate.ConclusionsThe QUASS processing enables fast multi‐slice CEST imaging with minimal loss in the measurement of the CEST effect.
Prozesstechnik: Ein potenzieller Polymerbaustein
Authors: Schmiedl Detlef , Kunkel Robin , Schmidt Volkmar M. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVanillin ist nicht nur für die Lebensmittel‐ und Kosmetikindustrie interessant. Die aromatische Verbindung aus fossilen oder nachwachsenden Rohstoffen ist auch Intermediat in der Pharmaindustrie und in der Erforschung von Kunststoffsynthesen: Rohstoffquellen, Herstellungsprozesse und Synthesewege.
Blickpunkt Anorganik: Fließender Übergang
Authors: Hanf Schirin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPhosphanliganden sind in ihren sterischen und elektronischen Eigenschaften vielfältig. Daher sind sie sowohl aus der homogenen als auch der heterogenen Katalyse nicht mehr wegzudenken, wo sie beispielsweise Nanopartikel modifizieren.
Cardiovascular status of breast cancer patients before and after receiving anthracycline chemotherapy regimen
Authors: Dong Zhaoying , Liu Zhaojun , Chen Siyu , Zhang Changhong , Xiao Jun , Zhou Xiaoli 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the effect of TEC chemotherapy regimen (Docetaxel + Epirubicin + Cyclophosphamide) on traditional cardiovascular risk factors, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and cardiac electrical activity.Design243 patients with first initially diagnosed breast cancer were collected who receiving TEC chemotherapy.MethodsUnivariate analysis, multivariate analysis, binary logistic regression analysis and statistical description were used to analyse the data.ResultsAmong the first diagnosed patients, prevalence of hypertension and overweight/obesity in postmenopausal patients were significantly higher than premenopausal group. Compared with initially diagnosed state, incidence of hyperlipidaemia increased significantly after TEC chemotherapy, blood glucose level was remarkably increased, and prevalence of hyperuricaemia was significantly increased, changes of blood pressure level and prevalence rate of hypertension were not significant, and there was no statistical difference. Different menopause status showed the same trend. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk stratification showed after chemotherapy low‐risk patients decrease, medium‐risk and high‐risk people increased. Grouped by menstrual status, after chemotherapy, both groups showed the same trend. The independent influencing factors of increased heart rate after chemotherapy were postmenopausal status. Postmenopausal patients had more cardiovascular risk factors than premenopausal patients. After receiving chemotherapy, levels of cardiovascular risk factors in both groups mostly changed to the direction of disease. Chemotherapy drugs increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in breast cancer patients. It is necessary to strengthen interdisciplinary cooperation to dynamic assess the cardiovascular health of patients of breast cancer patients.
Targeted liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis of proteins: Basic principles, applications, and perspectives
Authors: Kulyyassov Arman , Fresnais Margaux , Longuespée Rémi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLiquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) is now the main analytical method for the identification and quantification of peptides and proteins in biological samples. In modern research, identification of biomarkers and their quantitative comparison between samples are becoming increasingly important for discovery, validation, and monitoring. Such data can be obtained following specific signals after fragmentation of peptides using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) methods, with high specificity, accuracy, and reproducibility. In addition, these methods allow measurement of the amount of post‐translationally modified forms and isoforms of proteins. This review article describes the basic principles of MRM assays, guidelines for sample preparation, recent advanced MRM‐based strategies, applications and illustrative perspectives of MRM/PRM methods in clinical research and molecular biology.
Dynamical propagation and growth mechanisms for convectively coupled equatorial Kelvin waves over the Indian Ocean
Authors: Matthews Adrian J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConvectively coupled equatorial Kelvin waves (CCKWs) are high‐impact tropical weather systems that can lead to severe flooding over the Maritime Continent. Here, a vorticity budget for CCKWs over the Indian Ocean is constructed using reanalysis data, to identify the basic mechanisms of eastward propagation and growth. The budget is reasonably well closed, with a small residual/subgrid‐scale term. In the lower troposphere, CCKWs behave like strongly modified theoretical equatorial Kelvin waves. Vortex stretching, from the divergence of the Kelvin wave acting on planetary vorticity (the term), is the sole mechanism by which the vorticity structure of a theoretical Kelvin wave propagates eastward. In the lower and middle troposphere, this term is also the key mechanism for the eastward propagation of CCKWs but, due to subtleties in its structure and phasing linked to a combination of modal structures, it also contributes to growth. Unlike in the theoretical Kelvin wave, other vorticity source terms also play a role in the propagation and growth of CCKWs. In particular, vortex stretching from relative vorticity (the term) is the largest source term, and this leads strongly to growth, through interactions between the background and perturbation vorticity and divergence. Horizontal vorticity advection by the background flow contributes to propagation, and also acts to retard the growth of the CCKW. The sum of the source terms in this complex vorticity budget leads to eastward propagation and growth of CCKWs. The structure and vorticity budget of CCKWs in the upper troposphere is quite unlike that of a Kelvin wave, and appears to arise as a forced response to the lower‐tropospheric structure. The implications for numerical weather prediction and climate simulations are discussed.
Command filtered fixed‐time control for a class of multi‐agent systems with sensor faults
Authors: Dong Guowei , Li Xiao‐Meng , Yao Deyin , Li Hongyi , Lu Renquan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this article, the command filtered fixed‐time fault‐tolerant control (FTC) problem is investigated for multi‐agent systems (MASs). The considered MASs with nonstrict feedback form are affected by unknown nonlinear functions and sensor faults, which are solved by using the properties of neural networks (NNs). In the design process, in order to avoid the “singularity” and “explosion of complexity” problems, an adaptive command filtered fixed‐time NN fault‐tolerant controller is devised. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, all output signals of leader and followers in the closed‐loop system are synchronized within fixed time. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by simulation experiments.
Engineering the synergistic effect of carbon dots‐stabilized atomic and subnanometric ruthenium as highly efficient electrocatalysts for robust hydrogen evolution
Authors: Liu Yuan , Chen Ning , Li Weidong , Sun Mingzi , Wu Tong , Huang Bolong , Yong Xue , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Song Haoqiang , Bauer Robert , Tse John S. , Zang Shuang‐Quan , Yang Bai , Lu Siyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCurrently, the most efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in water dissociation is Pt‐based catalyst. Unfortunately, the high cost and less than perfect efficiency hinder wide‐range industrial/technological applications. Here, by controlling the treatment temperature of tris (2,2‐bipyridine) ruthenium dichloride hexahydrate, synthesis of compounds with novel ruthenium single/dual atoms (Ru S/DAs) mixed with Ru nanoclusters (Ru S/DAs + Ru NCs) and supported by carbon dots is demonstrated. These compounds are shown to be highly efficient and competitive catalysts for hydrogen evolution. Ru S/DAs + Ru NCs exhibit very high activity, with overpotentials of 15 and 40 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm2 in 1.0 mol/L KOH and 0.5 mol/L H2SO4, respectively. Furthermore, the composites are found to possess outstanding stability and rapid HER kinetics. X ray absorption fine structure analysis, supported by density functional theory calculations, shows charge rearrangement in single‐atomic Ru, and the Ru dual sites promote active hydrogen adsorption and recombination. Ru S/DAs and Ru NCs demonstrate high electroactivity due to the electroactive Ru 4d orbitals. The introduction of Ru NCs activates the carbon support, providing a high electronic conductivity to transfer electrons from Ru NCs to Ru S/DAs, and facilitates water dissociation for the HER process.
Cysteamine administration in lambs grazing on mountain pastures: Effects on the body weight, antioxidant capacity, thyroid hormones and growth hormone secretion
Authors: Shokrollahi Borhan , Fazli Abdullah , Morammazi Salim , Saadati Nazila , Ahmad Hafiz Ishfaq , Hassan Faiz‐ul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of intravenous injection of cysteamine (CS) on body weight (BW), growth hormone (GH), thyroid hormones (TH) secretion, and antioxidant status of growing lambs grazing on mountain pastures. Fifteen lambs (3–4 months of age) were randomly allocated into three experimental groups which received different dosages of CS: 0, 20, and 50 mg/kg BW−1. The CS was injected on the 1st, 10th, and 20th days of the experiment to the lambs through the jugular vein. Assessment of plasma concentration of GH and TH hormones was carried out at days 0 (a day before the start of CS injections), 15, and 30 of the experiment. The antioxidant enzymes were measured at the end of the experiment. Lambs were weighed at days 0, 10, 20, and 30 of the experiment. The results showed that treatment and time affected the BW, GH, triiodothyronine (T3), and tetraiodothyronine (T4) secretion. The intravenous injection of CS increased the BW of growing lambs (p < 0.01) and increased the plasma concentration of GH, T3, and T4 (p < 0.01). The treatment also enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px; p < 0.05) and reduced malondialdehyde concentrations (MDA; p < 0.01). Total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) level reduced in CS‐1 treatment compared to GC and CS‐2 treatments (p < 0.01). The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were not affected by CS. In conclusion, intravenous injection of CS improved BW, GH, and TH concentrations and antioxidant capacity in growing lambs grazing on mountain pastures.
A New Approach to School Development
Authors: Ylimaki Rose M. , Brunderman Lynnette A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we further explore and contextualize school development amidst the tensions between contemporary policies and the educational needs of students. We conceptualize school development as a process that mediates among tensions that result in a Zone of Uncertainty. We then describe our application of school development in the Arizona Initiative for Leadership Development and Research (AZiLDR). Content was initially drawn from findings from the International Successful School Principalship Project (ISSPP) exploring leadership in high-needs, culturally diverse schools and related leadership studies. Our approach differs from other school development models in at least four ways. First, the approach is grounded in education theory as explicated by John Dewey and others. Closely related, our approach attempts to balance evidence-based values with humanistic values. Third, our approach is grounded in our empirical research and related studies of leadership in culturally diverse schools and communities. Fourth, our approach is process oriented and contextually sensitive for schools as they are situated in the larger community and serving culturally diverse populations. Finally, we develop leadership through a collaborative approach in that we work with school teams as a unit.
Strength-Based Approaches to Meeting Culturally Diverse Student Needs
Authors: Ylimaki Rose M. , Brunderman Lynnette A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA strengths-based approach to education is essential for successful school development in culturally diverse schools. Chapter 7 reflects that education lies in the pedagogical relations and provocations into the self-realizations and growth of young people. In this arena, provocation refers to intentions to provoke thoughts, ideas, and actions that help students to learn and grow. A provocation should be grounded in the child’s cultural background strengths. We explicitly worked with school teams to recognize the equal value of different cultures in their students’ ethnic and linguistic backgrounds and to lead in culturally responsive ways with regards to pedagogy, curriculum, data-analysis, education and community engagement. We drew on research to include positive perspectives of parents and families, communication of high expectations, learning within the context of culture, student-centered and culturally mediated instruction, reshaping the curriculum, and teacher as facilitator. Thus, culturally relevant teaching requires teachers to embrace diversity, build on strengths, and recognize that students learn in a variety of ways. It is the job of the leader to help teachers gain an understanding of those cultures, and how to incorporate that into their classrooms. Sample activities and case studies expand the concepts.
The Swedish Context Bringing Support Structures to Scale: The Role of the State and School Districts
Authors: Johansson Olof , Ärlestig Helene 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis chapter explores the “theory of action” underlying the Swedish government’s national school improvement program called Cooperation for Better Schools. We discuss particularly the assumptions about the roles and responsibilities of key stakeholders, including schools, school districts, and universities. Our analysis focuses on the issue of institutional capacity for sustained system improvement. In this regard, our approach draws on the perspectives associated with contemporary policy analysis, which includes greater attention to qualitative and interpretive methods to understand the complexity of policy-induced change in contemporary society. We start by describing the project structure and our method. Thereafter, we analyze the government’s understanding and arguments for why it is important to help underperforming schools, before we give examples about how involved actors define problems and solutions in project documents. In the conclusion, we highlight strengths and deficits in the improvement process.
Isomorphism, ‘Cultural Spheres’, and Education Systems: A Brief Summary and Concluding Remarks
Authors: Windzio Michael , Martens Kerstin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn Chap.11, Michael Windzio and Kerstin Martens evaluate the theoretical framework presented in the introductory chapter in light of the empirical findings of the individual chapters. The chapter also points to avenues for further research as a result of this volume.
Holographic correlators with multi-particle states
Authors: Čeplak Nejc , Giusto Stefano , Hughes Marcel R. R. , Russo Rodolfo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We derive the connected tree-level part of 4-point holographic correlators in AdS3 × S3 × $$ \mathcal{M} $$
M
(where $$ \mathcal{M} $$
M
is T4 or K3) involving two multi-trace and two single-trace operators. These connected correlators are obtained by studying a heavy-heavy-light-light correlation function in the formal limit where the heavy operators become light. These results provide a window into higher-point holographic correlators of single-particle operators. We find that the correlators involving multi-trace operators are compactly written in terms of Bloch-Wigner-Ramakrishnan functions — particular linear combinations of higher-order polylogarithm functions. Several consistency checks of the derived expressions are performed in various OPE channels. We also extract the anomalous dimensions and 3-point couplings of the non-BPS double-trace operators of lowest twist at order 1/c and find some positive anomalous dimensions at spin zero and two in the K3 case.