bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic Carbon in the Central Molecular Zone of the Milky Way: Possible Cosmic-Ray Induced Chemistry or Time-dependent Chemistry Associated with SNR Sagittarius A East
Authors: Tanaka Kunihiko , Nagai Makoto , Kamegai Kazuhisa 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Atomic carbon (C0), being one of the most abundant atomic/molecular species observed in dense molecular gas, is potentially a good tracer of molecular gas mass in many chemical/physical environments, though the variation in C0 abundance outside the Galactic disk region is not yet fully known. This paper presents a wide-field 500 GHz [C i] map of the Galactic central molecular zone (CMZ) obtained with the ASTE 10 m telescope. Principal component analysis and non-LTE multi-transition analysis have shown that [C i] emission predominantly originates from the low-excitation gas component with a temperature of 20–50 K and density of ∼103 cm−3, whereas C0 abundance is likely suppressed in the high-excitation gas component. The average N(C0)/N(CO) abundance ratio in the CMZ is 0.3–0.4, which is 2–3 times that in the Galactic disk. The N(C0)/N(CO) ratio increases to 0.7 in the innermost 10 pc region and to ∼2 in the circumnuclear disk. We discovered C0-rich regions distributed in a ring shape encircling the supernova remnant (SNR) Sgr A East, indicating that the C0 enrichment in the central 10 pc region is a consequence of a molecular cloud–SNR interaction. In the 15 atoms/molecules included in principal component analysis, CN is the only other species that increases in the [C i]-bright ring. The origin of the [C i]-bright ring is likely a cosmic-ray-dominated region created by low-energy cosmic-ray particles accelerated by Sgr A East or primitive molecular gas collected by the SNR in which the conversion from C0 to CO has not reached equilibrium.
Observation of Cassini’s Entry into Saturn: No Detection, and Lessons Learned
Authors: Lorenz Ralph D. , Crary Frank , Lamy Laurent , Jenniskens Peter , Ge Liang , Zhang Xi-Liang , Li Jian-Yang , Imai Masataka , Ono Tatsuharu , Arnison Matthew R. , Spitler Lee 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The mission of the 2000 kg Cassini spacecraft concluded on 2017 September 15, by its deliberate entry into Saturn’s atmosphere at some 31.1 km s−1. Observations, using Hubble and groundbased observatories, to attempt optical detection of this 0.25 kT “artificial meteor” are summarized. No signatures were identified. A challenge with observing the event is that due to atmospheric drag, its timing was not completely deterministic months or even days in advance, a particular problem for space observatories. While imaging observations needed no geometric specification more than “Saturn,” observations with spectrometers required pointing the instrument aperture or slit at the specific impact site. Since giant planet longitude systems are not always familiar, distribution of an unambiguous “finder chart” showing the location of the predicted entry site on the disk is essential, as is clarity on whether stated times are spacecraft event time, or Earth received time (light-travel time, 83 minutes, later).
Invasive Pneumococcal Disease burden and PCV coverage in children under five in Southeast Asia: implications for India
Authors: Kolhapure Shafi , Yewale Vijay , Agrawal Ashish , Krishnappa Pradyumna , Soumahoro Lamine 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Pneumococcal diseases, though preventable, are a major public health problem in Southeast Asia and particularly in India. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are used in the region for over a decade, but to understand their impact, invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPD) burden and PCV coverage data in the region are needed.
Methodology: A literature search was conducted to identify i) key evidence published between February 2008 and February 2018 on IPD burden, serotype prevalence and antibiotic resistance in Southeast Asia, and ii) PCV serotype and vaccination coverage in Southeast Asia.
Results: 49 relevant articles were included in the final analysis. Mortality in children under 5 years remains high in Southeast Asian countries, with around 25% of deaths due to IPD in India and Pakistan. There was a lack of recent data on IPD incidence. Antibiotic resistance to IPD isolates is increasing, with high resistance rates especially for meningeal isolates. Based on serotype distribution data, primarily for India, available PCVs would cover around 70-80% of IPD-causing serotypes. Vaccine coverage was around 15-20% in India to 98% in South Korea.
Conclusions: Widespread PCV use could successfully reduce IPD burden in the region due to high serotype coverage by available PCVs; emphasis should be placed on increasing vaccination uptake, for every child, particularly in India. Reducing health system barriers and improving surveillance and awareness is essential to improve coverage and effectively prevent IPD morbidity and mortality particularly in at risk regions.
Scabies and nocturnal pruritus: preliminary observations in a group of African migrants
Authors: Veraldi Stefano , Schianchi Rossana , Nazzaro Gianluca 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Pruritus of scabies is due to a type IV T cell-mediated reaction to the mite’s saliva, eggs, excrements and other products released by the mite during its life cycle. Movements of the mite also induce pruritus. According to the literature, scabies pruritus has higher frequency and intensity at night.
Methodology: In this short communication we present the results of a survey on nocturnal pruritus in a group of African migrants with scabies. A questionnaire was given to 36 patients: “Is your pruritus more severe at night?” and “Do you wake up from the sleep because of pruritus?”.
Results: The answer to the first question was “yes” in 13/18 patients (72.2%) visited from October 2018 to February 2019, and in 6/18 patients (33.3%) visited from May to September 2019. The answer to the second question was “yes” in 11/18 patients (61.1%) of the first group and in 5/18 patients (27.7%) of the second group.
Conclusions: It is possible that nocturnal pruritus in scabies is due to the temperature of the skin surface: when it is high, because of the use of pajamas, heavy sheets and blankets (from October to February), pruritus increases; when the skin’s temperature is low, as in the summertime, when people usually sleeps without blankets, with light sheets and pajamas or not having a stitch on, pruritus is less frequent and severe. These conclusions must be confirmed by studies based on larger groups of patients.
Influencing factors of hand hygiene in critical sections of a brazilian hospital
Authors: Bezerra Thaissa Blanco , Valim Marilia Duarte , Bortolini Juliano , Ferreira Adriano Menis , Almeida Willian Albuquerque de , Rigotti Marcelo Alessandro , De Andrade Denise , Fronteira Inês , Lopes Sousa Alvaro Francisco 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study was to monitor adherence to hand hygiene by health professionals working in critical sections and to assess the factors that influenced adherence, such as physical structure of the units, use of procedure gloves, employment bond of the worker, and perception of patient safety climate.
Methodology: Observational and correlational study carried out in critical areas of a university hospital in the Midwest region of Brazil.
Results: The overall hand hygiene adherence rate was 46.2% (n = 3,025). Adherence was higher among nurses 59.8% (n = 607) than among nursing technicians (p < 0.001), and the section with the greatest adherence was the neonatal Intensive Care Unit 62.9% (n = 947) (p < 0.001). Unlike the neonatal unit, in the adult unit the dispensers of alcohol-based handrubs were poorly located, without arms reach, and the taps were manual. In this section, a greater frequency of procedure glove use was also observed, 90.6% (n = 536), as compared to the other sections (p < 0.001). Regarding safety climate perception, temporary employees had higher means as compared to regular employees (p = 0.0375).
Conclusions: Hand hygiene adherence was affected and/or influenced by the physical structure, use of procedure gloves, work regime, and patient safety climate.
Coinfection in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Children Patients
Authors: Karaaslan Ayşe , Çetin Ceren , Akın Yasemin , Demir Tekol Serap , Söbü Elif , Demirhan Recep 
Published: July 2021

Introduction: The aim of this study is to determine the coinfections with other respiratory pathogens in SARS-CoV-2 infected children patients in a pediatric unit in Istanbul.
Methodology: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted in a 1000-bedded tertiary education and research hospital in Istanbul. All children hospitalized with the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection had been investigated for respiratory agents in nasopharyngeal secretions. Laboratory confirmation of SARS-CoV-2 and the other respiratory pathogens were performed using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Results: A total of 209 hospitalized children with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 2020-May 2020 were enrolled in this study. Among 209 children, 93 (44.5%) were RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 116 (55.5%) were RT-PCR negative. The most common clinical symptoms in all children with SARS-CoV-2 infection were fever (68.8%) and cough (57.0%). The other clinical symptoms in decreasing rates were headache (10.8%), myalgia (5.4%), sore throat (3.2%), shortness of breath (3.2%), diarrhea (2.2%) and abdominal pain in one child. In 7 (7.5%) patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, coinfection was detected. Two were with rhinovirus/enterovirus, two were with Coronavirus NL63, one was with adenovirus, and one was with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. In one patient, two additional respiratory agents (rhinovirus/enterovirus and adenovirus) were detected. There was a significantly longer hospital stay in patients with coinfection (p = 0.028).
Conclusions: Although the coinfection rate was low in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients in our study, we found coinfection as a risk factor for length of hospital stay in the coinfected patient group.
The first record of Caenis rivulorum (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae) from Japan
Authors: Takayanagi Tatsushi , Yoshizawa Kazunori 
Published: July 2021

Caenis rivulorum Eaton, 1884 is widely distributed and has been reported from a wide range in the Palearctic Region.
We report this species from Japan for the first time, from five localities of Hokkaido, based on morphology and molecular data.
Georges Sagnac : de la découverte de la fluorescence X à la relativité
Authors: Pain Jean-Christophe 
Published: July 2021

Georges Sagnac a découvert le rayonnement de fluorescence X en 1896. Il a également mis en évidence les premiers photoélectrons, inventé un interféromètre et découvert un effet important en relativité. Son cheminement de chercheur est instructif pour les erreurs qu’il a commises et sa capacité à s’adapter avec succès à un nouveau sujet de recherche.
A Novel Luminescence-Based Serum Bactericidal Assay for Vibrio cholerae Reduces Assay Variation, Is Time- and Cost-Effective, and Directly Measures Continuous Titer Values
Authors: Wahlig Taylor A. , Brintz Ben J. , Prettyman Melanie , Azman Andrew S. , Leung Daniel T. 
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT.
Cholera remains a significant public health burden worldwide, and better methods for monitoring cholera incidence would enhance the effectiveness of public health interventions. The serum bactericidal assay (SBA) has been used extensively for Vibrio cholerae vaccine assessments and serosurveillance. Current SBA approaches for V. cholerae rely on colony enumeration or optical density (OD600nm) readings to measure viable bacteria following complement-mediated lysis. These methods provide titer values that are constrained to discrete dilution values and rely on bacterial outgrowth, which is time consuming and prone to variation. Detection of bacterial proteins following complement-mediated lysis presents a faster and potentially less variable alternative approach independent of bacterial outgrowth. Here, we present an SBA that measures luciferase luminescence driven by lysis-released adenylate kinase. This approach is faster and less variable than growth-dependent SBAs and directly measures continuous titer values. This novel SBA method can potentially be applied to other bacteria of interest.
Characterisation of an elective course on climate change for health professional students
Authors: Nguyen Ereca , Aguilar Hugo , Khoshal Yaser , MacDougall Conan , Gruenberg Katherine 
Published: July 2021

Context: A 10-week elective course, designed by students and supported by faculty, was developed to raise awareness about climate change and health among graduate health professional students. This article aims to characterise the course design, implementation, and student feedback gathered over three years.
Description of Course: Course topics aligned with United Nations General Assembly Sustainable Development Goals and were sequenced to first introduce students to basic climate change concepts, followed by examples of human activities with environmental and health consequences. Speakers held diverse roles in health care, research, public health organisations, and advocacy groups. Students evaluated both individual speakers and the course.
Evaluation: 152 health professional students enrolled in the course over 3 years. The course was well-received with favourable speaker ratings and course evaluations across all years. Students commented on the importance and relevance of the course topics taught by a diverse group of speakers. Students also requested examples of ways to address climate health issues.
Future plans: A 10-week elective course on climate change and health, designed by students and supported by faculty, resulted in favourable evaluations among health professions students. The authors plan to conduct an assessment of student knowledge gained from the course and delayed assessments of students’ attitudes and behaviours to evaluate changes over time and achievement of course goals.
Keterlibatan Guru PAK SMU Negeri Se-Kota Kupang dalam Pelayanan Gereja
Authors: Luji Daud Saleh , Lopo Indriani , Soinbala Ana V. 
Published: July 2021

The purpose of writing this article is to determine the involvement and activeness of Christian Religious Education Teachers at Public Middle Schools in Kupang City in the ministry of clerical affairs as presbyters and as categorical servants, especially in the category of children and adolescents or what is often called Sunday school. The method used in this study is a qualitative method by interviewing 41 Christian Religious Education Teachers spread across 12 State Public Middle Schools in the city of Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. From the results of the study, it was found that although this Christian Religious Education teacher had a correct understanding of the background of his attendance at school, namely Christian Religious Education teachers were church servants sent to serve congregations in schools, but most Christian Religious Education teachers did not have a relationship with the church. or not yet involved in the church ministry where he is a member, either as a presbyter or as a minister of children and youth (Sunday school). This conclusion was stated based on the informant's admission during the interview that 1) They did not have free time to be involved in church services, 2) Church services had many people taking care of it so they did not need to be involved, 3) Christian religious education teachers were paid by the state, not church so that they focus more on taking care of teaching in schools than in church.Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui keterlibatan dan keaktifan Guru-guru PAK yang ada di Sekolah Menengah Umum (SMU) Negeri se-Kota Kupang dalam pelayanan bidang kemajelisan gereja sebagai presbiter dan sebagai pelayan kategorial khususnya kategorial anak dan remaja atau yang sering disebut sekolah minggu. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan mewawancarai 41 Guru PAK yang tersebar di 12 SMU Negeri yang ada di wilayah Kota Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa walaupun Guru PAK ini memiliki pemahaman yang benar tentang latarbelakang kehadirannya di sekolah yaitu guru PAK adalah pelayan gereja yang diutus untuk melayani jemaat di sekolah-sekolah, namun sebagian besar guru PAK belum memiliki hubungan dengan gereja atau belum terlibat dalam pelayanan gereja, dimana ia sebagai anggotanya, baik sebagai presbiter maupun sebagai pelayan anak dan remaja (sekolah minggu). Kesimpulan tersebut dikemukakan berdasarkan pengakuan informan pada saat wawancara bahwa 1) Mereka tidak punya waktu luang untuk terlibat dalam pelayanan di gereja, 2) Pelayanan gereja sudah banyak orang yang mengurusnya karena itu mereka tidak perlu terlibat, 3) Guru PAK digaji oleh negara bukan gereja sehingga mereka lebih fokus mengurus pengajaran di sekolah dari pada di gereja.
PERANAN GURU PAK SEBAGAI KOMUNIKATOR DALAM MENINGKATKAN KOMUNIKASI YANG EFEKTIF KEPADA SISWA KELAS XI SMK NEGERI I SIATAS BARITA TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Napitupulu Tianggur Medi 
Published: July 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Peranan Guru PAK dalam meningkatkan komunikasi yang efektif kepada siswa kelas XI SMK negeri I Siatas Barita Tahun Pembelajaran 2017/2018. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket. Data tersebut diolah sesuai dengan kaidah teknik deskriftif. Seluruh siswa Kelas XI sebanyak 280 orang menjadi objek penelitian, dengan sampel 15% dari jumlah populasi yang dilakukan secara acak atau random sehingga didapat sampelnya sebanyak 42 orang dan sebagai bahan uji coba angket 10 orang diluar responden. Instrumen yang digunakan angket tertutup yang terdiri dari 25 item yang disusun sendiri oleh penulis, validitas angket diuji dengan menggunakan rumus Product Moment Pearson diperoleh rhitung rtabel (0,689 -0,941) 0,632) sehingga instrumen valid dan reliabilitas diuji dengan menggunakan rumus Alpha. Uji coba menyatakan angket valid dan reliabel dengan tingkat reliabilitasnya 0, 995 terdapat pada korelasi tinggi. Berdasarkan analisis data diperolah hasil bahwa “Peranan Guru PAK sebagai Komunikator dalam Meningkatkan Komunikasi yang Efektifkepada siswa kelas XI SMK Negeri I Siatas Barita Tahun Pembelajaran 2017/2018 berada pada kategori baik dengan nilai 3,29, dengan demikian hipotesa penelitian diterima.Kata Kunci : guru PAK, komunikasi yang efektif
KORELASI KESEJAHTERAAN GURU DENGAN MOTIVASI KERJA DALAM PELAKSANAAN PROSES PEMBELAJARAN DI SMA NEGERI 1 POLLUNG TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Simatupang Ronny 
Published: July 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui korelasi kesejahteraan guru dengan motivasi kerja di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Negeri 1 Pollung. Hipotesis penelitian adalah: ”terdapat korelasi signifikan antara kesejahteraan guru dengan motivasi kerja dalam pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran di SMA Negeri 1 Pollung Tahun pembelajaran 2017/2018.” Populasi penelitian adalah keseluruhan guru di SMA Negeri 1 Pollung yang berjumlah 36 orang. Sampel penelitian adalah seluruh jumlah populasi yaitu 36 orang. Instrumen penelitian berupa angket. Uji coba angket dilakukan kepada 10 orang guru di SMA Negeri 1 Doloksanggul yang tidak menjadi sampel penelitian dan diperoleh: a) Uji validitas instrumen dengan menggunakan rumus Koefisien Korelasi Product Moment Pearson diperoleh rhitung rtabel(0,05,10) = (antara 0,857 sampai dengan 0,992) 0,632 sehingga instrumen valid, b) uji reliabilitas instrumen menggunakan rumus Formula Alpha Cronbach diperoleh r11=0,992 nilai ini berada pada kategori tinggi, sehingga instrumen reliabel. Data penelitian dianalisa dengan langkah sebagai berikut: 1) Uji korelasi diketahui bahwa rhitung rtabel atau 0,510 0,329. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi antara kesejahteraan guru dengan motivasi kerja dalam pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran di SMA Negeri 1 Pollung, 2) Uji hipotesa diperoleh thitung ttabel(/2,n-2) yaitu: 3,412,042, maka hipotesa penelitian diterima yaitu terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara kesejahteraan guru dengan motivasi kerja dalam pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran di SMA Negeri 1 Pollung Tahun pembelajaran 2017/2018.Kata Kunci: Kesejahteraan Guru, Motivasi Kerja dalam Pelaksanaan Proses Pembelajaran
PENGARUH PENATALAYANAN PERPUSTAKAAN TERHADAP TINGKAT FREKUENSI KUNJUNGAN MAHASISWA PRODI PENDIDIKAN AGAMA KRISTEN IAKN TARUTUNG
Authors: Sitorus Herowati 
Published: July 2021

This study was aimed to determine the effect of library stewardship on students’ reading interest in the 2018/2019 academic year at IAKN Tarutung. After conducting randomly sampling, there were 41 students involving as participants in this study. Reading interest is a tendency to read continuously for having desires or interests. Data was collected by a closed questionnaire consisting of 30 items compiled by researchers based on variable indicators according to expert panels. The Instrument has validity and reliability which has tested. The results of data analysis showed that there was a positive and significant influence between the effect of library stewardship on the students’ visit to the library of IAKN Tarutung. With ANOVA or F test, F can be calculated is 22.778 with a significant level of 0.000b 0.005. Due to the probability (0.000) is smaller than 0.05, it means that there is a positive and significant influence between library stewardship and students’ visit level.BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penatalayanan perpustakaan terhadap minat baca mahasiswa semester IV tahun ajaran 2018/2019 di IAKN Tarutung. Dengan hipotesis terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara penatalayanan perpustakaan dengan minat baca (sama dengan tingkat kunjungan) mahasiswa semester IV tahun ajaran 2018/2019 di IAKN Tarutung. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 207 orang dan sampel berjumlah 41 orang. Minat baca merupakan suatu kecenderungan kepemilikan keinginan atau ketertarikan yang kuat dan disertai usaha-usaha yang terus menerus pada diri seseorang terhadap kegiatan membaca yang dilakukan secara terus-menerus dan diikuti dengan rasa senang dan tanpa paksaan, atas kemauananya sendiri atau dorongan dari luar sehingga seseorang tersebut mengerti atau memahami apa yang dibacanya. Data dikumpulkan dengan angket tertutup sebanyak 30 item yang disusun peneliti berdasarkan indikator variabel sesuai dengan teori ahli. Uji coba instrumen dilakukan kepada 41 mahasiswa yang bukan responden penelitian, dan telah diuji validitas dan reablitasnya. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara pengaruh penatalayanan perpustakaan terhadap tingkat kunjungan mahasiswa semester IV tahun ajaran 2018/2019 di IAKN Tarutung. Dengan uji Anava atau F test, dapat F dihitung adalah 22,778 dengan tingkat signifikan 0,000b0,005. Karena probabilitas (0,000) lebih kecil dari 0,05, artinya ada pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara Penatalayanan Perpustakaan dengan tingkat kunjungan.Keywords: Stewardship; students’ visit level; library