bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low-Dose Fractionated Irradiation Selectivly Regulate CSPGs and PNNs, Promote Serotonergic Axonal Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Xu Jiao , Xiong Xiaoxiao , Zhu Bifeng , Zhu Bo , Xiong Ying , Wang Wei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are major components to impeding axonal regeneration, condense in the extracellular-matrix to form perineuronal nets (PNNs) which interdigitate with axonal contacts. Each CSPG comprises a core protein with covalently attached chondroitin-sulfate glycosaminoglycan side chains (CS moieties). In the past, the representative treatment for CSPGs were chondroitinase-ABC which destroys all CS moieties. However, recent rodents researches found some CS moieties promote axon regeneration rather than inhibit axon regeneration. Using a canine model of spinal cord injury (SCI), which is a superior translational model for progressing rodent data into clinical practice, we showed that specific sulfation patterns of CS moieties play different role in modulation of axon re-growth. Upregulated CS-A expression occurred at 1-day post-SCI, earlier than CS-C expression which was increased at 14-days post-SCI. CS-A was mainly colocalized with astrocytes but CS-C was upregulated in both astrocytes and neurons/axons. Treatment with low-dose fractionated irradiation (LDI) significantly inhibited the expressions of astrocyte-associated CS-A and CS-A-enriched PNNs, but no inhibitory effect on CS-C and CS-C-enriched PNNs. There was a positive correlation between a reduction of CS-A-enriched PNNs and an increase of serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) axonal sprouting. Increased serotonergic axon sprouting proximal to the lesion accompanied 5HT receptor up regulation following LDI treatment. Furthermore, LDI treatment promoted hindlimb motor function recovery following SCI. Taken together, our findings show that specific sulfation patterns of CS moieties and CSPG-enriched PNNs involved in carrying instructions for regulating axonal regeneration and that LDI treatment may be an efficacious strategy for treating SCI.
Development of a Korean Version of Simple, Intuitive Descriptions for Clinical Use of the Generic Functioning Domains in the ICD-11 Chapter V
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jin , Cho Kyeyeob , Kim Jiin , Koo Mi Jung , Yu Jeonga , Kim Hogene , Kwon Ilho , Kim Wanho 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization recommends the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a framework for collecting comprehensive information about functioning and disability. However, the utility of the ICF is limited by some inconsistencies in the understanding of the ICF categories. Simple, intuitive descriptions (SIDs) highlight the core concepts of the ICF category definitions in user-friendly languages and enhance the utility of the ICF for routine clinical practice. Currently, the 10th revision of the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) is being universally used for mortality and disease-related data and as a major indicator of health status in South Korea and worldwide. However, the 11th revision (ICD-11) was developed in 2018 with the addition of Chapter V which reflects functioning properties and better explains the association between functioning and disease. We aimed to develop a Korean version of SIDs for clinical use of the generic functioning domains in the ICD-11 Chapter V.Methods: The initial Korean SID version proposal for the ICF Generic-30 set was translated following the Italian version. For the remaining 17 codes in the generic functioning domains were developed using the original ICF descriptions; the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule; Model Disability Survey; Korean Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health; and a previous Japanese study. Multistage consensus virtual (Zoom) conferences were held in October 2020 in Korean to develop the SIDs. The final proposal for the Korean version of the SIDs was selected through three rounds of voting. Results: This study demonstrated a total of 47 codes of generic functioning domains in the ICD-11 Chapter V. From vote A, 20 of the 47 items were selected; from vote B, 23 of the remaining 27 items were selected; and the remaining four items were ultimately selected from the final vote. All experts agreed to the final SID proposal. Conclusions: This is the first study in South Korea to attempt the development of SIDs for ICD-11 Chapter V. Therefore, the findings of this study could be used broadly when ICD-11 is adopted for use in Korean clinical settings.
Wideband Hybrid Precoding Techniques for THz Massive MIMO in 6G Indoor Network Deployment
Authors: P Jeyakumar , V Vishnu , S Srinitha , P Muthuchuchidambaranathan , Ramesh Arvind 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Terahertz (THz) communication is becoming an up-and-coming technology for the future 6G networks as it provides an ultra-wide bandwidth.Appropriate channel models and precoding techniques are essential for supporting the desired coverage and mainly to resolve the severe path loss in THz signals. Initially, the Sub-THz channel (140 GHz) impulse response by using NYUSIM Channel Simulator for 6G indoor office scenario is investigated in this work. The highlight is on Large scale and Small scale parameters like propagation delay and path loss, antenna array gain, etc. The beam split effect is a critical challenge of THz wideband communication.Therefore We have proposed three different THz precoding methodologies like the hybrid precoding, analog beamforming, and the delay-phase precoding to address this challenge. We then extensively investigate its diverse number of time delayers, varying number of antenna elements, and comparison with frequency - mmWave and Sub-THz have been discussed. Finally, the proposed delay-phase precoding techniques outperforms the other precoding techniques with 97% of optimal precoding. So, this an efficient approach for implementing the future indoor communication network deployment for 6G.
Raabin-WBC: a large free access dataset of white blood cells from normal peripheral blood
Authors: Kouzehkanan Zahra Mousavi , Saghari Sepehr , Tavakoli Eslam , Rostami Peyman , Abaszadeh Mohammadjavad , Mirzadeh Farzaneh , Satlsar Esmaeil Shahabi , Gheidishahran Maryam , Gorgi Fatemeh , Mohammadi Saeed , Hosseini Reshad 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Accurate and early detection of peripheral white blood cell anomalies plays a crucial role in the evaluation of an individual's well-being. The emergence of new technologies such as artificial intelligence can be very effective in achieving this. In this regard, most of the state-of-the-art methods use deep neural networks. Data can significantly influence the performance and generalization power of machine learning approaches, especially deep neural networks. To that end, we collected a large free available dataset of white blood cells from normal peripheral blood samples called Raabin-WBC. Our dataset contains about 40000 white blood cells and artifacts (color spots). To reassure correct data, a significant number of cells were labeled by two experts, and the ground truth of nucleus and cytoplasm were extracted by experts for some cells (about 1145), as well. To provide the necessary diversity, various smears have been imaged. Hence, two different cameras and two different microscopes were used. The Raabin-WBC dataset can be used for different machine learning tasks such as classification, detection, segmentation, and localization. We also did some primary deep learning experiments on Raabin-WBC, and we showed how the generalization power of machine learning methods, especially deep neural networks, was affected by the mentioned diversity.
Diagnostic Performance of CMR, SPECT, and PET Imagings for the Detection of Cardiac Amyloidosis: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Zhaoye , Yu Chunjing 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Noninvasive myocardial imaging modalities, such as cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and Positron emission tomography (PET), are well-established and extensively used to detect cardiac amyloid (CA). The purpose of this study is to directly compare CMR, SPECT, and PET scans in the diagnosis of CA, and to provide evidence for further scientific research and clinical decision-making.Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched. Studies used CMR, SPECT and/or PET for the diagnosis of CA were included. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio (LR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), their respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and the area under the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve (AUC) were calculated. Quality assessment of included studies was conducted.Results: A total of 31 articles were identified for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivities of CMR, SPECT and PET was 0.84, 0.98 and 0.78, respectively. Their respective overall specificities were 0.87, 0.92 and 0.83. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that 99mTc-HMDP manifested the highest sensitivity (0.99). 99mTc-PYP had the highest specificity (0.95). The AUC values of 99mTc-DPD, 99mTc-PYP, 99mTc-HMDP were 0.89, 0.99, and 0.99, respectively. PET scan with 11C-PIB demonstrated a pooled sensitivity of 0.91 and specificity of 0.97 with an AUC value of 0.98.Conclusion: Our meta-analysis reveals that SEPCT scans present better diagnostic performance for the identification of CA as compared with other two modalities.
Transmission type Dual-frequency Vortex Beams Generator for Multiple OAM Modes
Authors: Zhang L. , Li J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We design a transmission-type metasurface to generate terahertz dual-frequency orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex beams with different topological charges (l = 1, l = 2) at frequency of 0.81THz and 1.63THz. By adding a deflection factor, the proposed metasurface produces a OAM vortex beam with a preset tilted direction at two frequencies. By utilizing a complex convolution operation, we can achieve two symmetric tilted beams with different topological charges (l = 1, l=-1) at two frequencies on the same metasurface. These OAM vortex beams can effectively improve communication system capacity, and have potential applications in terahertz communication.
Methylprednisolone was Associated with Reduced in-Hospital Mortality in COVID-19 Patients with Low Lymphocyte Counts: a Multicenter Retrospective Propensity Analysis
Authors: Zhang Huifang , Miao Congliang , Wang Tao , Xie Yun , Teng Xiaolei , Zhang Xiaoyan , Lv Hui , Fu Shouzhi , Wang Ruilan , Du Jiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: To assess the effect of methylprednisolone on the prognosis of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia.Methods: Patients with confirmed novel coronavirus pneumonia discharged from Wuhan Third Hospital Guanggu Campus, Shouyi Campus, and Lei Shen Shan Hospital from January 31, 2020, to March 4, 2020, were included. The patients were divided into treatment and control groups according to whether methylprednisolone was used during hospitalization. Propensity score (PS) matching analysis was used to assess in-hospital mortality as the primary outcome and trends in the changes in lymphocytes and the C-reactive protein, creatinine and transaminase levels 7 days after admission (secondary outcomes).Results: A total of 2,062 patients with confirmed novel coronavirus pneumonia were included in this study. Univariate Cox regression analysis suggested that methylprednisolone treatment was associated with increased in-hospital mortality (hazard ratio (HR) 3.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.62-5.23, P<0.01). A total of 624 patients were included after PS matching. The patients were further subdivided into a low lymphocyte count group and a normal lymphocyte count group according to a lymphocyte count cutoff value of 0.9*109/L. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that methylprednisolone treatment reduced the risk of in-hospital death in patients with lymphocyte counts less than 0.9×109/L (P=0.022). In contrast, in the normal lymphocyte group, methylprednisolone treatment was not associated with in-hospital mortality (p=0.88).Conclusion: Treatment with methylprednisolone may be associated with reduced in-hospital mortality in coronavirus disease (COVID) patients with low lymphocyte counts.
Fermentation of Multi-targeted Products: A Statistical Approach Discussed the Production of Cell Wall Hydrolytic Enzymes From Streptomyces Rochei for Control of Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Elgammal Eman , Ahmed Eman , Aziz Mohamed Abdel 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The production of synergistically multi-acting cell wall hydrolyzing enzymes was observed in the culture filtrate of a strain molecularly characterized as Streptomyces rochei MZ227230. It showed high ability to produce chitinase, glucanase, protease and whole cell-wall lytic enzymes “WCL”. The simultaneous optimization production of several enzymes is a true challenge since each enzyme has its own favorable requirements that may not support or contradict the production of the others. Thus, the current study discussed such issue through application of statistical modeling. Productivity of the enzymes was monitored in different media and superiority of the modified TLE medium (M4) was clearly noticed. Box-Behnken design (BBD) using the key components of M4 (C. albicans cell walls, baker yeast, chitin and peptone) followed by independent analysis for productivity of each enzyme helped to conduct four significant models describing four media that were specifically optimized to produce the utmost yields of chitinase (14.97), glucanase (27.89), protease (137.59) and WCL (65.28 U/ml). Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated the impossibility to potentiate the tested enzymes to the utmost yields at the same time. However, simultaneous solution for all models’ equations identified a coproduction medium that potentiated more than 80% of the maximal yields for all enzymes. Finally, the crude filtrate showed potent fungicidal effects against Fusarium graminearum, Mucor racemosus, Fusarium solani, and Candida albicans which were proven to be attributed to the hydrolytic activity of the filtrate basing on dose and time-dependent release of C. albicans cell constituents DNA, RNA and protein as a model microbe.
The Risk Factors Anesthesiologists should Pay Attention for Massive Bleeding in Placenta Accreta Spectrum Patients with Placenta Previa During Surgery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Huang Fusen , Wang Jingjie , Zhuo Jia , Xiong Qiuju , Wang Wenjian , Xu Yi , Xia Qiuling , Yang Xiaojuan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Objectives: PAS combined with placenta previa exists as a high-risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage. The risk factors for predicting a certain disease may be different from the risk factors for massive bleeding during surgery for the disease. To explore whether the risk factors of massive bleeding in patients with Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) with placenta previa underwent Cesarean section under the background of abdominal aortic balloon occlusion will be changed.Methods: We reviewed 267 singleton pregnancies with PAS and placenta previa. Maternal history, antenatal ultrasound findings of the placenta, placement of the abdominal aortic balloon were reviewed retrospectively, and their association with massive bleeding during Cesarean section was analyzed.Results: Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that the number of pregnancies (odds ratio (OR), 2.680; 95% CI, 1.244–5.774), placenta location (anterior position) (OR, 3.172; 95% CI, 1.349–7.458) and cervical length (OR, 0.918; 95% CI, 0.854–0.987), implant area (OR, 1.018; 95% CI, 1.009–1.027)，abdominal aorta balloon inflation (OR, 0.278; 95% CI, 0.095–0.813) were associated with massive bleeding (>1000 mL).Conclusions: Abdominal aorta balloon inflation may change the known risk factors for hemorrhage. The number of pregnancies, placenta location (anterior position), cervical length, implant area, abdominal aorta balloon inflation are risk factors for massive bleeding during Cesarean section in cases of PAS and placenta previa. Balloon occlusion of the abdominal aorta can indeed reduce the risk of massive bleeding.
TIM-1+ B Cells are more Efficient IL-10 Producers in Liver Fibrosis Caused by Alveolar Echinococcosis
Authors: Li Bin , Qi Xinwei , Jiang Tao , Liu Yumei , Shan Jiaoyu , Cai Xuanlin , Lv Jie , Aibibula Maidinaimu , Cao Jun , Ma Xiumin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The cestode Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis) infection, a serious health problem worldwide, causes alveolar echinococcosis (AE), a tumor-like disease predominantly located in the liver and able to spread to any organs. Until now, there have been few studies that explain how TIM-1+B cells contribute to the immune tolerance in E. multilocularis infection.Methods: Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and Masson staining were used to assess the pathological inflammatory changes and collagen deposition respectively in the liver of E. multilocularis infected mice. Desmin, TIM-1 and IL-10 were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). qRT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect the IL-10 of liver and serum, respectively. Flow cytometry was used to assess the level and function of CD19+TIM-1+ cells and CD19+CD5+CD1dhi cells in spleen. Immunofluorescence (IF) were used to detect the co-localization of immune cells in the liver.Results: At 180 days after infection, inflammatory cells and fibrosis could be observed in the liver of mice in the infection group, a large number of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and TIM-1+ cells appeared around the lesion and the expression of IL-10 was also significantly higher than that in control group. The level and function of CD19+TIM-1+ cells and CD19+CD5+CD1dhi cells in the spleen were up-regulated in the infection group, but CD19+TIM-1+ cells produced IL-10 more efficiently and could be recruited to the lesion.Conclusions: In the late stage of alveolar echinococcosis, CD19+TIM-1+ cells can be recruited to the lesion and may be more efficient IL-10 producers to participate in the formation of immune tolerance.
Inhibition of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulphide Using Plant Waste Materials for Faecal Sludge Odour Control in Dry Sanitation Toilet Facilities
Authors: Senanu Bernice Mawumenyo , Boakye Patrick , Oduro-Kwarteng Sampson , Sewu Divine Damertey , Awuah Esi , Obeng Peter Appiah , Afful Kobina 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
On-site dry sanitation facilities, although cheaper than wet sanitation systems, suffer from high malodour and insect nuisance as well as poor aesthetics. The high odour deters users from utilizing dry sanitation toilet as an improved facility leading to over 20% open defecation in Sub-Saharan Africa. To address this malodour concern, this study first assessed odour levels, using hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) as indicators, on two (2) dry sanitation facilities (T1 and T2). The potential of using biomass (sawdust, rice husk, moringa leaves, neem seeds), ash (coconut husk, cocoa husk) or biochar (sawdust, rice husk, bamboo) as biocovers to remove or suppress odour from fresh faecal sludge (FS) over a 12-day period was investigated. Results showed high odour levels, beyond and below the threshold limit for unpleasantness for humans on H2S (peak value: T1 = 3.17 ppm; T2 = 0.22 ppm > 0.05 ppm limit) and NH3 (peak value: T1 = 6.88 ppm; T2 = 3.16 ppm < 30 ppm limit), respectively. The biomasses exhibited low pH (acidic = 5-7) whereas the biochars and ashes had higher pHs (basic = 8-13). Acidic biocovers generally reduced NH3 emission significantly (12.5% to 64.8%) whereas basic biocovers were more effective at H2S emission reduction (80.9% to 96.2%). In terms of H2S and NH3 removal, sawdust biochar was the most effective biocover with odour abatement values of 96.2% and 74.7%, respectively. The results suggest that locally available waste plant-based materials, like sawdust, when converted to biochar can serve as a cost-effective and sustainable way to effectively combat odour-related issues associated with dry sanitation facilities to help stop open defecation.
Awake Surgery for Arteriovenous Malformations (AVM) in Eloquent Area: Risk and Outcome Analysis in the Most Complete Case-Collection
Authors: Armocida Daniele , D'Angelo Luca , Pesce Alessandro , Palma Veronica Di , Galati Gaspare , Frati Alessandro , Santoro Antonio 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Artero-venous malformations (AVMs) located in eloquent area are associated with significant risk of neurological deterioration, especially in patients presenting with unruptured AVMs and minimal or no neurological deficits. Awake-surgery allows a better identification of eloquent gyrus, but its feasibility and application in resection of eloquent AVMs is controversial and mostly limited to small case series.Methods: A total of 31 patients suffering from intracranial AVMs have been operated on in our Department. Patients were stratified into two groups: patients submitted to Asleep Surgery and patients submitted to Awake surgery. We implemented the Awake Group with results from the most complete case series reported in the literature to obtain a complete uni and multivariate analysis of surgical risks and outcome.Results: Awake craniotomy was performed in 19,35% of the AVMs treated in our centre. Considering the reported cases from all other series published in the literature, we obtained a comparison between the asleep group of 25 patients derived from our series and the awake group of 34 patients. No statistically significant differences were identified regarding the risk of postoperative complications, surgical radicality, presence of residual, and need for adjuvant treatment. Interestingly, however, improvement in performance status was more rapid and effective during follow-up in patients treated with awake surgery compared with asleep surgery.Conclusions: In contrast to what is commonly believed, applying awake surgery in this type of lesions does not involve increased intra-operative risks, but rather it seems to determine a greater improvement in the outcome of patients from the thirtieth postoperative day. Awake patients allow for more precise brain mapping and superior clinical neurologic monitoring, which facilitates resection by defining the safe margins without an increased risk.
Resistance To Pokkah Boeng Disease In New And Main Cultivated Sugarcane Varieties
Authors: Shan Hongli , Cang Xiaoyan , Qin Wei , Li Wenfeng , Wang Xiaoyan , Zhang Rongyue , Huang Ying-Kun 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Pokkah boeng is an epidemic fungal disease that seriously affects development of the sugarcane industry in China. Resistance to pokkah boeng disease differs among sugarcane varieties. Breeding and planting resistant cultivars is the most economic and effective measure for controlling this disease. In this study, new sugarcane varieties bred by the China Sugarcane System and the main varieties cultivated in various sugarcane areas, were screened to find new elite pokkah boeng resistant varieties for application in sugarcane production. The natural field resistance to pokkah boeng disease of 60 new varieties was evaluated in regionalized experiment. Meanwhile, the field resistance of the 31 main cultivated varieties was analyzed in Lincang city, Puer city, Yuxi city, Yunnan Province, and in Yizhou district, Guangxi Province, where the incidence of pokkah boeng is particularly high. Field surveys showed that 35 (58.33%) of the 60 new sugarcane varieties were highly resistant to moderately resistant, and 25 (41.67%) were susceptible to highly susceptible. Of the 31 main cultivated varieties, 15 (48.39%) were highly resistant to moderately resistant, and 16 (51.61%) were susceptible to highly susceptible. The results suggested that, in wetter and rainy sugarcane areas with high incidence of pokkah boeng disease, it is necessary to increase efforts to eliminate the susceptible main cultivated varieties and promote the application of resistant new varieties. This will help to achieve a reasonable distribution of varieties, fundamentally control the outbreak of pokkah boeng disease, and facilitate the high-quality development of the sugarcane industry in China.