bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mobility restrictions were associated with reductions in COVID-19 incidence early in the pandemic: evidence from a real-time evaluation in 34 countries
Authors: Oh Juhwan , Lee Hwa-Young , Khuong Quynh Long , Markuns Jeffrey F. , Bullen Chris , Barrios Osvaldo Enrique Artaza , Hwang Seung-sik , Suh Young Sahng , McCool Judith , Kachur S. Patrick , Chan Chang-Chuan , Kwon Soonman , Kondo Naoki , Hoang Van Minh , Moon J. Robin , Rostila Mikael , Norheim Ole F. , You Myoungsoon , Withers Mellissa , Li Mu , Lee Eun-Jeung , Benski Caroline , Park Sookyung , Nam Eun-Woo , Gottschalk Katie , Kavanagh Matthew M. , Tran Thi Giang Huong , Lee Jong-Koo , Subramanian S. V. , McKee Martin , Gostin Lawrence O. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMost countries have implemented restrictions on mobility to prevent the spread of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), entailing considerable societal costs but, at least initially, based on limited evidence of effectiveness. We asked whether mobility restrictions were associated with changes in the occurrence of COVID-19 in 34 OECD countries plus Singapore and Taiwan. Our data sources were the Google Global Mobility Data Source, which reports different types of mobility, and COVID-19 cases retrieved from the dataset curated by Our World in Data. Beginning at each country’s 100th case, and incorporating a 14-day lag to account for the delay between exposure and illness, we examined the association between changes in mobility (with January 3 to February 6, 2020 as baseline) and the ratio of the number of newly confirmed cases on a given day to the total number of cases over the past 14 days from the index day (the potentially infective ‘pool’ in that population), per million population, using LOESS regression and logit regression. In two-thirds of examined countries, reductions of up to 40% in commuting mobility (to workplaces, transit stations, retailers, and recreation) were associated with decreased cases, especially early in the pandemic. Once both mobility and incidence had been brought down, further restrictions provided little additional benefit. These findings point to the importance of acting early and decisively in a pandemic.
Prevalence of primary open angle glaucoma in the last 20 years: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Zhang Nan , Wang Jiaxing , Li Ying , Jiang Bing 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrimary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world and is influenced by various sociodemographic factors. This meta-analysis aims to determine the worldwide prevalence of POAG in the adult general population for the last 20 years, and explore variation in prevalence by age, gender and geographical location. An electronic literature search was performed using the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Population-based cross-sectional or cohort studies published in the last 20 years (2000–2020) that reported prevalence of POAG were recruited. Relevant studies meeting defined eligibility criteria were selected and reviewed systematically by meta-analysis. The prevalence of POAG was analyzed according to various risk factors. A random effect model was used for the meta-analysis. Fifty publications with a total of 198,259 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. The worldwide overall prevalence of POAG was 2.4% (95% CI 2.0 ~ 2.8%). The prevalence increases with age. Men are found to be more susceptible to POAG than women (RR 1.28, p < 0.01). Africa is found to have the highest prevalence of POAG (4.0%) among all continents. The current estimated global population of POAG is 68.56 million (95% CI 59.99 ~ 79.98). POAG is a worldwide vision threatening disease with high prevalence for the last 20 years. The population-based prevalence of POAG varies widely across individual studies, due to variations in risk factors of age, gender, and population geographic location.
Nodes with the highest control power play an important role at the final level of cooperation in directed networks
Authors: Ebrahimi Ali , Yousefi Marzieh , Shahbazi Farhad , Sheikh Beig Goharrizi Mohammad Ali , Masoudi-Nejad Ali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractControllability of complex networks aims to seek the lowest number of nodes (the driver nodes) that can control all the nodes by receiving the input signals. The concept of control centrality is used to determine the power of each node to control the network. The more a node controls the nodes through connections in the network, the more it has the power to control. Although the cooperative and free-rider strategies and the final level of cooperation in a population are considered and studied in the public goods game. However, it is yet to determine a solution to indicate the effectiveness of each member in changing the strategies of the other members. In a network, the choice of nodes effective in changing the other nodes’ strategies, as free-riders, will lead to lower cooperation and vice versa. This paper uses simulated and real networks to investigate that the nodes with the highest control power are more effective than the hubs, local, and random nodes in changing the strategies of the other nodes and the final level of cooperation. Results indicate that the nodes with the highest control power as free-riders, compared to the other sets being under consideration, can lead to a lower level of cooperation and are, therefore, more effective in changing the strategies of the other nodes. The obtained results can be considered in the treatment of cancer. So that, destroying the tumoral cells with the highest control power should be a priority as these cells have a higher capability to change the strategies of the other cells from cooperators to free-riders (healthy to tumoral).
Cord blood and amniotic membrane extract eye drop preparations display immune-suppressive and regenerative properties
Authors: Samarkanova Dinara , Cox Steven , Hernandez Diana , Rodriguez Luciano , Pérez Maria Luisa , Madrigal Alejandro , Vilarrodona Anna , Querol Sergio , Casaroli-Marano Ricardo P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractDiseases and injuries that compromise the ocular surface cause considerable patient distress and have long term consequences for their quality of life. Treatment modalities that can address the delicate balance of tissue regeneration, inflammation and maintenance of corneal transparency are therefore needed. We have recently formulated two novel eye drops from placental tissues: cord blood platelet lysate (CBED) and amniotic membrane extract eye drops (AMED), which can be used to treat severe ocular disorders. Here we characterise these two preparations by measuring: (a) growth factors (GF) and cytokines composition, (b) promotion of human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) growth and (c) effects on immune cells in a lymphocyte culture assay. Finally, their bioavailability was assayed in an ex vivo porcine corneal model. We show that both preparations contain GF and cytokines that were able to promote the in vitro growth of HCEC and support repair in an in vitro scratch test. When assessed in a lymphocyte culture, both favoured immune suppression reducing the cellular expression of NKG2D and CD107a as well as the production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in natural killer, NKT and T cells. Regarding bioavailability, CBED active molecules were found mainly in the pre-corneal fraction with some penetration into the corneal fraction, in an ex vivo model. In summary, both placental-derived allogeneic preparations, CBED and AMED, display regenerative and immunomodulatory capabilities. These results will help define mechanisms of action and the best indications and doses of each product for use in a particular patient and support the development of off-the-shelf therapies for ocular surface pathologies in which wound healing defects and inflammatory events are contributing factors.
MYCO-TB: the first IVD kit suitable for the digestion and decontamination of extra-pulmonary specimens to detect Mycobacteria
Authors: Bisognin Francesco , Lombardi Giulia , Felici Silvia , Monte Paola Dal 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExtra-pulmonary mycobacterial infections are characterized by a paucibacillary nature and extra-pulmonary samples consist of different matrices; the processing of these samples requires a high level of manual skills and non-standardized procedures. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of MYCO-TB with MycoPrep on extra-pulmonary samples in terms of Mycobacteria detection, culture contamination and suitability for molecular assay. This prospective study was conducted on 201 extra-pulmonary samples from suspected cases of mycobacterial infection. Specimens were divided into two equal aliquots; one was decontaminated with MYCO-TB the other with MycoPrep. The contamination rate of liquid cultures was significantly different: 2.5% (5/201) for MYCO-TB and 7.5% (15/201) for MycoPrep (p = 0.036). At least 1 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBc) positive culture was detected in 6 specimens treated with MYCO-TB and 8with MycoPrep, without significant differences in times to positivity (TTP) in liquid culture. No Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra invalid results were obtained with samples decontaminated with MYCO-TB. The MYCO-TB kit had greater activity than MycoPrep in the digestion and decontamination of extra-pulmonary specimens for the detection of Mycobacteria, supporting the use of MYCO-TB in this type of sample. Ready-to use reagents, rapid protocol and single-sample formulation of MYCO-TB reduced the level of manual skills required as well as the risk of sample contamination.
The effect of botulinum toxin injection dose on the appearance of surgical scar
Authors: Chen Zhiyou , Chen Zong , Pang Ran , Wei Zhiru , Zhang Han , Liu Wenhui , Li Guangshuai 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEarly postoperative injection of botulinum toxin type A (BTxA) can reduce surgical scar hypertrophy. BTxA injection at different time points is associated with different levels of efficacy, but the efficacy of different doses of BTxA for scar management has not investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of BTxA administered early after surgery on scar improvement through a split-scar experiment. The study included 22 patients who underwent surgery between September 2019 and October 2020. High- and low-dose BTxA was randomly administered into each half of the surgical wound closure immediately after surgery. One half of the incision was injected with a low dose (4 U) of BTxA, and the other half was injected with a high dose (8 U). The scars were then evaluated at postoperative 6 months using the modified Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale (mSBSES), and patient satisfaction was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The occurrence of complications or adverse events was also recorded. Twenty patients completed the study and were analyzed. Compared with the low-dose sides, the high-dose sides had significantly better mSBSES scores and significantly higher VAS scores (p < 0.01, respectively). No serious adverse reactions or post-injection complications were observed. Immediately after the operation, high-dose BTxA (that is within the therapeutic range) injection improved the appearance of postoperative scar more than low-dose injection.
Improved MBOC modulations based on periodic offset subcarrier
Authors: Zhao Xin , Huang Xinming , Liu Zhe , Xiao Zhibin , Sun Guangfu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWith the development of global navigation satellite systems, the modernization of global navigation satellite systems has arrived, which takes the binary offset carrier modulation and related evolution as the typical feature. Moreover, the performance of multiplexed binary offset carrier modulation is related to global navigation satellite systems service. In the paper, an improved multiplexed binary offset carrier modulation based on period offset subcarrier was proposed, called MBOC‐POS, where the subcarrier periodic shifting binary offset carrier modulation is used as the lower‐order component instead of sine‐binary offset carrier modulations. Meanwhile, the different implementations of MBOC‐POS modulations are analysed and compared with traditional multiplexed binary offset carrier multiplexed binary offset carrier signals in multipath mitigation, tracking accuracy, anti‐interference and compatibility. By simulation and analysis, the performance of reconstructed MBOC‐POS modulation has been improved. Especially, for the mismatch reception, the Gabor bandwidth increases by 29.5% and the multipath error envelope is reduced by 35% with the filter bandwidth of 10 MHz. Therefore, the multiplexed binary offset carrier MBOC‐POS modulation proposed in the paper can be used as a new option for MBOC modulations and next‐generation signal design.
Asymptotic regularisation of the solution to the problem of electromagnetic field scattering from a set of small impedance particles
Authors: Andriychuk Mykhaylo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe solution to the problem of electromagnetic (EM) wave scattering from a set of small‐size impedance particles of arbitrary shape is derived by the asymptotic approach. Particles are located in a homogeneous domain with constant ɛ0 and μ0. The solution is derived under the condition b → 0, where b is the characteristic size of the particle; further, the number M(b) of particles tends to infinity at a specific rate. The regularising procedure consists of the derivation of the explicit form of a solution that excludes the necessity to solve the respective integral equation for determination of the fields at the surface of particles and thus avoids integrating the Green function derivatives, which are in the kernel of this boundary integral equation. Practical application of this approach yields an ability to create media with the desired inhomogeneous distribution of effective refractive index n and magnetic permeability μ(x). Explicit analytical formulas are derived for these physical parameters and supported by computations.
Industrial construction of the late XIX-early XX centuries: barracks for workers of the Moscow region manufactories
Authors: Shamaeva Tatyana 
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the objects of research are barracks for workers of industrial manufactories of the late XIX - early XX centuries, situated in the Moscow region.
Recommendations for the functional purpose of these buildings:

Residential function with apartments of 1 comfort category, improved design; colivings.
Guesthouses, hotels.
Public function: offices, exhibitions, museums, medical institutions, food facilities, trade, beauty salons, hairdressers, household services and minor repairs can be located on the first floors of the building. Leisure centers for different age groups, clubs for children and young people, fitness centers.
Lower seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in swine from central China after an outbreak of African swine fever
Authors: Xie Weitao , Xin Shilin , Jiang Nan , Zhang Gaiping , Zhang Longxian , Li Xiangrui , Yang Yurong 
Published: July 2021

Toxoplasma gondii is widespread worldwide and can infect swine. This study evaluated the seroprevalence of T. gondii in swine from central China after an outbreak of African swine fever (ASF). A total of 2683 swine serum samples were collected from farms in four provinces. Of the serum samples, 1.42% (38/2683) (95% CI, 1.03–1.94) tested positive for T. gondii IgG antibody by a modified agglutination test (MAT) (cut-off: 1:25). Comparing with the results of previous studies, specifically our survey from before the outbreak, the seroprevalence of T. gondii in swine from central China was significantly decreased after the occurrence of ASF (OR = 7.679, 2015–2017 vs. 2019–2020). In general, the proportion of seropositive animals increased with the age of the swine, indicating post-natal transmission of T. gondii. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in seroprevalence between suckling pigs and weaned pigs (p < 0.05). This is the first large-scale investigation of T. gondii infection in swine after an ASF outbreak in China. The lower seroprevalence of T. gondii in swine after ASF may be due to stricter biosecurity measures on the farms, but results indicated swine exposure to zoonotic parasites despite these measures. This highlights that pigs must be considered a potential source of human T. gondii infections.
The Challenges of Treating Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Hollaus Marlene , Bühl Wolf , Schmidt-Erfurth Ursula , Sacu Stefan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main causes of visual impairment and blindness in patients over 60 years in developed countries. Whilst no effective form of therapy is
available for the dry form of AMD, intravitreal application of anti-VEGF substances is able to prevent the progression of neovascular AMD (nAMD) in most cases. Aside from the drugs
ranibizumab, aflibercept and brolucizumab, other agents such as bevacizumab are often used off-label in order to save expense. The treatment intervals have also been refined, so as to reduce
the burden on patients and health care systems. After fixed injection intervals, the pro re nata-regimen has been developed. Each month, it is decided whether the patient receives
intravitreal injections based on fixed criteria. In the treat and extend-protocol, patients receive injections on each visit, but the intervals between injections vary due to the clinical
outcomes. The observe-and-plan regime allows scheduling of the injection intervals in blocks, for three consecutive injections at a time. However, results of real-world studies were not able
to reproduce those obtained in the pivotal studies. A high number of visits and fear of the injection procedure impose a burden on patients, that is mostly accepted due to fear of vision
loss. Caregivers also complain of loss of productivity and income from having to provide regular support to patients. Health care systems worldwide are affected by increasing treatment
numbers and the costs involved. The treatment of nAMD constitutes an achievement for modern medicine. However, despite the challenges, it must be evaluated and reviewed repeatedly in order
to provide the best therapy for patients.
VO2peak Response Heterogeneity in Persons with Multiple Sclerosis: To HIIT or Not to HIIT?
Authors: Lea Schlagheck Marit , Wucherer Anika , Rademacher Annette , Joisten Niklas , Proschinger Sebastian , Walzik David , Bloch Wilhelm , Kool Jan , Gonzenbach Roman , Bansi Jens , Zimmer Philipp 
Published: July 2021

AbstractExercise is described to provoke enhancements of cardiorespiratory fitness in persons with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS). However, a high inter-individual variability in training responses has been observed. This analysis investigates response heterogeneity in cardiorespiratory fitness following high intensity interval (HIIT) and moderate continuous training (MCT) and analyzes potential predictors of cardiorespiratory training effects in pwMS. 131 pwMS performed HIIT or MCT 3–5x/ week on a cycle ergometer for three weeks. Individual responses were classified. Finally, a multiple linear regression was conducted to examine potential associations between changes of absolute peak oxygen consumption (absolute ∆V̇O2peak/kg), training modality and participant’s characteristics. Results show a time and interaction effect for ∆V̇O2peak/kg. Absolute changes of cardiorespiratory responses were larger and the non-response proportions smaller in HIIT vs. MCT. The model accounting for 8.6% of the variance of ∆V̇O2peak/kg suggests that HIIT, younger age and lower baseline fitness predict a higher absolute ∆V̇O2peak/kg following an exercise intervention. Thus, this work implements a novel approach that investigates potential determinants of cardiorespiratory response heterogeneity within a clinical setting and analyzes a remarkable bigger sample. Further predictors need to be identified to increase the knowledge about response heterogeneity, thereby supporting the development of individualized training recommendations for pwMS.
Selbstinduzierte epileptische Anfälle Prävalenz,
Ursachen und Behandlung
Authors: Rösche Johannes , Dudek Maria Iracema Rocha , Kohnen Oona 
Published: July 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Erstbeschreibung selbstinduzierter epileptischer Anfälle stammt von
1827. Die Prävalenz wird von der Mehrzahl der Autoren bei 1%
unselektierter Patienten mit Epilepsie angege-ben. Dabei machen die Patienten
meist etwa ein Viertel der Patienten mit photosensibler Epilepsie aus. Es sind
daneben jedoch auch viele nicht-visuelle Auslösemechanismen beschrieben.
Die Ursachen können in angenehmen Empfindungen während der
ausgelösten Anfälle oder einer spannungslösenden
Funktion der Anfälle bestehen. Häufig wird das
Selbstinduktionsmanöver als unwillkürlicher Vorgang erlebt. Die
Behandlung erweist sich insgesamt als schwierig. Für einzelne Patienten
sind positive Effekte einer Verhaltenstherapie beschrieben. Bei photosensiblen
Epilepsien wird die Abschottung von den auslösenden Reizen durch
Sonnenbrillen empfohlen. Unter pharmakologischen Therapien scheinen Fenfluramin,
Clonazepam und Valproat am aussichtsreichsten. Der Erfolg hängt
unabhängig von der Methode stark von der
Veränderungsbereitschaft der Patienten ab.
Das subgaleale Hämatom beim Neugeborenen – ein
neonatologischer Notfall
Authors: Andresen Felicia , Zieger Barbara , Würtemberger Urs , Kunze Mirjam , Hentschel Roland 
Published: July 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas subgaleale Hämatom (SGH) ist eine seltene Geburtskomplikation des
Neugeborenen und kann aufgrund des erheblichen Blutverlustes in den subgalealen
Raum zu einem hämorrhagischen Schock führen. Wir berichten von
zwei Neugeborenen, die ein subgaleales Hämatom mit schwerem
hämorrhagischem Schock und Enzephalopathie entwickelten. Im ersten Fall
eines reifen weiblichen Neugeborenen wurde die Entstehung des subgalealen
Hämatoms durch eine Neugeboreneninfektion und die Geburt mittels
Vakuumextraktion begünstigt. Der zweite Fall eines männlichen
Frühgeborenen wurde durch eine schwierige Kindsentwicklung mittels
sekundärer Sectio caesarea kompliziert. Neben der raschen Behandlung des
Schocks ist vor allem die Therapie der Gerinnungsstörung essentiell.
Beide Fälle verdeutlichen, dass das subgaleale Hämatom ein
neonatologischer Notfall ist.