bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiological Assessment of High Anterior Septal Deviation and Its Impact on Sinus Access
Authors: Lee Joshua A. , Wu Victoria , Ozgen Burce , Joe Stephanie A. , Lee Victoria S. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisHigh anterior septal deviation (HASD) is an underreported anatomic variant that can affect the decision to perform septoplasty for access during sinus surgery and ease of postoperative debridement. This study aims to 1) describe an objective method of assessing HASD, and 2) explore its prevalence and implications for performing septoplasty.Study DesignRetrospective cross‐sectional study.MethodsComputed tomography scans from 2014 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Two independent observers measured the following with respect to midline: distance to septum (SDD), distance to lateral nasal wall (LNW), and septal deviation angle (SDA).ResultsA total of 147 patients were included, with excellent interrater reliability across 99 patients (0.8–0.9). Mean measurements across all patients were SDD (2.77 mm ± 1.34), SDD/LNW (0.26 ± 0.12), and SDA (8.9° ± 4.0). Of 102 patients who underwent sinus surgery, 47 received septoplasty. Compared to the non‐septoplasty cohort, the septoplasty cohort had a greater mean SDD (3.61 mm ± 1.48 vs. 2.27 mm ± 0.95; d = 1.10 [95% CI 0.67–1.51]), SDD/LNW (0.34 ± 0.13 vs. 0.21 ± 0.09; d = 1.18 [95% CI 0.76–1.60]), and SDA (11.1° ± 4.3 vs. 7.3° ± 3.4; d = 1.00 [95% CI 0.58–1.40]). Receiver operating characteristic cutoffs were SDD ≥2.43 mm, SDD/LNW ≥0.25, and SDA ≥7.6°, corresponding to a 49%–58% prevalence of HASD.ConclusionHASD is relatively common and the methods described herein can reliably assess its dimensions. Measurements of SDD, SDD/LNW, and SDA exceeding cutoffs determined by this study may represent clinically significant deflections prompting consideration of septoplasty. These methods may aid in preoperative planning.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 132:1166–1171, 2022
Evaluating YouTube Videos on Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation as a Resource for Patients
Authors: Xiao Kevin , Campbell Daniel , Mastrolonardo Eric , Boon Maurits , Huntley Colin 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisThis study evaluated the quality and comprehensiveness of YouTube videos on hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) for patients. This study also investigated the relationship between video content, video metrics, and popularity.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsWe identified 150 videos using three search terms: “inspire sleep apnea,” “hypoglossal nerve stimulation,” and “upper airway stimulation.” Videos that were unrelated to the use of HNS for obstructive sleep apnea in adults, operating room recordings, lectures for medical professionals, non‐English, or non‐audio were excluded. Video quality and comprehensiveness were assessed using modified DISCERN criterion (range: 5–25) and novel content criterion (range: 0–12), respectively. Secondary outcomes included video metrics (views, likes, dislikes, comments, and days since upload) and Video Power Index to measure popularity. Outcomes were stratified by video uploader source (medical institutions, medical companies, individual users, other).ResultsUsers searched YouTube for “inspire sleep apnea” 2.48 times more in 2020 than in 2018. We identified 67 videos for review, with the majority coming from medical institutions (70.2%). Overall, the average‐modified DISCERN (13.65 ± 4.88) and novel content (3.87 ± 2.09) scores were low and did not differ between medical institutions or other uploader sources. Higher quality and more comprehensive video content did not correlate with popularity.ConclusionOverall quality and comprehensiveness of information of HNS YouTube videos was low. Given the high demand for information on HNS, there is opportunity for medical institutions to implement new strategies to improve both video content and visibility to patients.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 131:E2827–E2832, 2021
The main driving factors and responses to increase in soil available potassium in the Yangtze River basin over the past 30 years
Authors: Zhu Dan‐Dan , Li Zhi‐Hong , Guo Li‐Xuan , Lu Jian‐Wei , Cong Ri‐Huan , Ren Tao , Li Xiao‐Kun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntensive crop rotation is one of the main causes of the continued depletion in soil potassium (K) content in the Yangtze River basin (YRB). However, recent studies have shown that soil K content is increasing in the YRB. Therefore, in this study, experimental and statistical data were collected to evaluate the soil K changes caused by K fertilizer application and straw return across the YRB. The results showed that soil available K increased, on average, by 21.7% across the YRB as a result of balanced K fertilization and an increasing proportion of straw return. From 1990 to 2019, K fertilizer input has increased from 10.1% to 24.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, from 2003 to 2011, the proportion of straw return increased by 32.8%. Considering these changes, we evaluated the effect of K fertilizer application and straw return on the soil K status. Overall, crop yield and soil available K increased by 9.9%, 7.3%, 16.3%, and 42.5%, 23.8%, and 66.4%, respectively, with K fertilization, straw return, and the concurrent use of both practices. Further, a synergistic increase in indigenous K input and soil available K alleviated the soil K negative balance and reduced the soil K fixation rate. In general, balanced K fertilization and an increasing proportion of straw return are the most vital measures for realizing the sustainable development of soil K across the YRB. The results of this research will provide useful information for sustainable K management and incentive policymaking.
Leaching efficiency and plant growth response in an integrated use of saline water for coastal saline soil reclamation
Authors: Zhang Chen , Li Xiaobin , Kang Yaohu , Wahba Mohamed A. S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA field experiment was carried out to evaluate an integrated use of saline water for saline soil reclamation around Bohai Bay in China. A landscape shrub (Caryopteris × clandonensis 'Worcester Gold') was cultivated and irrigated with five water salinities (ECi): 0.8, 3.1, 4.7, 6.3, and 7.8 dS m−1. Drip irrigation was scheduled by evolving soil matric potential thresholds of −5, −10, −15, and −20 kPa in 4 years. A gravel‐sand layer as subsurface drainage was installed at 1.0 m depth. After 4 years, the extremely saline soil (ECe of 27.8 dS m−1) for 0–1.0 m depth was reclaimed to moderately saline soil (ECe of 4.1–7.2 dS m−1). The decreases in survival rate, growth, and shoot dry weight of the plants as increasing ECi were observed. To achieve a relative survival rate of >50%, the ECi thresholds for plants were 7.8, 6.9, 5.5, and 5.3 dS m−1 for the 4 years, respectively. The quantificationally estimating root zone drainage and salt leaching efficiency indicated that more efficient salt leaching offered by ECi up to 3.1 dS m−1 in comparison with freshwater with ECi of 0.8 dS m−1 and less efficiency occurred at ECi > 6.3 dS m−1. The plants strongly responded to the different soil water and salinity regime in the dynamic leaching process, as thus it is recommended to use an inter‐seasonal evolving matric potential threshold of −10 kPa for dry season of the third year, −15 kPa for rainy season and following dry season for providing optimized soil water and salinity condition.
Lake networks and connectivity metrics for the conterminous U.S. (LAGOS‐US NETWORKS v1)
Authors: King Katelyn B. S. , Wang Qi , Rodriguez Lauren K. , Cheruvelil Kendra S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIdentifying lake networks and knowing the degree of surface‐water connectivity among lakes can help scientists better understand and predict the movement of abiotic materials and biota within networks. Quantifying broad‐scale networks that include lake and stream connections is difficult computationally. Starting from the medium resolution National Hydrography Dataset's lakes, streams, and rivers, we applied a graph theory approach to identify lake networks, a set of lakes connected by streams both upstream and downstream. The LAGOS‐US NETWORKS v1 module contains four data tables, one of which includes derived surface‐water connectivity metrics for lakes (n = 86,511 lakes ≥ 1 ha in surface area) and networks (n = 898) within the conterminous United States, including dams. The NETWORKS module also includes a flow table as well as a bidirectional and a unidirectional distance table that provide the stream course distances between every connected lake. Finally, this module includes a detailed User Guide.
A comparison of water quality sensor deployment designs in wadeable streams
Authors: Hensley Robert , Harrison Nicolas , Goodman Keli , Cawley Kaelin , Litt Guy , Nance Bryce , Catolico Nora 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe design of infrastructure used for deploying water quality sensors can potentially impact data quality. Despite this, sensor infrastructure design has not been well discussed in the peer‐reviewed literature. Here, we present side‐by‐side measurements from two contrasting designs; a “monopod” consisting of a strut driven into the streambed and a downrigger suspended from an “overhead cable.” We collected measurements over an approximately 6‐month period from two wadeable stream monitoring sites within the National Ecological Observatory Network. In general, we observed minimal differences between measurements, suggesting both designs to be viable options from a data quality perspective under normal operating conditions. However, the monopod design was more susceptible to coming out of the water during low stage and burial by sedimentation. While more expensive and logistically complex to install, the overhead cable design exhibited greater survivability, adjustability, and serviceability. We discuss additional design considerations and potential modifications that we hope will prove useful to other researchers in instrumenting their own sites.
The state of the art of biomedical applications of optogenetics
Authors: Keshmiri Neghab Hoda , Soheilifar Mohammad Hasan , Grusch Michael , Ortega Manoela Marques , Esmaeeli Djavid Gholamreza , Saboury Ali Akbar , Goliaei Bahram 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and objectiveOptogenetics has opened new insights into biomedical research with the ability to manipulate and control cellular activity using light in combination with genetically engineered photosensitive proteins. By stimulating with light, this method provides high spatiotemporal and high specificity resolution, which is in contrast to conventional pharmacological or electrical stimulation. Optogenetics was initially introduced to control neural activities but was gradually extended to other biomedical fields.Study designIn this paper, firstly, we summarize the current optogenetic tools stimulated by different light sources, including lasers, light‐emitting diodes, and laser diodes. Second, we outline the variety of biomedical applications of optogenetics not only for neuronal circuits but also for various kinds of cells and tissues from cardiomyocytes to ganglion cells. Furthermore, we highlight the potential of this technique for treating neurological disorders, cardiac arrhythmia, visual impairment, hearing loss, and urinary bladder diseases as well as clarify the mechanisms underlying cancer progression and control of stem cell differentiation.ConclusionWe sought to summarize the various types of promising applications of optogenetics to treat a broad spectrum of disorders. It is conceivable to expect that optogenetics profits a growing number of patients suffering from a range of different diseases in the near future.
Correlations Between Precursor Molecular Weight and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Polyborosiloxane (PBS)
Authors: Kurkin Anatoli , Lipik Vitali , Tan Kevin Bo Lin , Seah Geok Leng , Zhang Xin , Tok Alfred Iing Yoong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIt is possible to tailor the dynamic response of polyborosiloxanes (PBS) based on picking the right molecular weight of a precursor. The molecular weight of hydroxy‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) defines the shear‐stiffening performance of PBS due to straightforward condensation reaction between hydroxy end groups of PDMS and boric acid. Introduced borono groups behave as stickers, hence, are prone to supramolecular interactions. New correlations are discovered for five PBS synthesized from hydroxy‐terminated PDMS with different molecular weights. Si─O─B infrared band intensities for all PBS follow the same trend with molecular weight as the number of PDMS hydroxy groups which confirms the full completion of the reaction. After synthesis, the molecular weight of PBSs remained almost the same, which indicates the absence of significant chain scissoring, polymerization, or crosslinking. During the rheological analysis, it is found that crossover point modulus follows the same trend as the number of PDMS hydroxy groups and Si─O─B band intensities. PBS demonstrates a linear increase in peak forces with molecular weight during the drop weight impact test. The low molecular weight of a precursor, hence, a high number of stickers is a primary requirement for effective protection against low‐velocity impact.
PAN/FPU Composite Nanofiber Membrane with Superhydrophobic and Superoleophobic Surface as a Filter Element for High‐Efficiency Protective Masks
Authors: Xiong Junpeng , Shao Weili , Wang Ling , Cui Chen , Jin Yurui , Yu Hongqin , Han Pengju , Gao Yanfei , Liu Fan , Ni Qingqing , He Jianxin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRecently, because of the outbreak of COVID‐19, the demand for various types of filter elements in protective materials has increased globally. Furthermore, new requirements for the filtration performance of PM2.5 liquid (oil) particles have been put forward. In this work, Superhydrophobic and superoleophobic composite nanofibers with excellent filtration capacity for oil and salt particles are developed through the modification of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by fluoro‐polyurethane (FPU) doping. The results show that the PAN/FPU composite nanofibers doped with 9 wt% FPU has a uniform fiber morphology with a diameter of 240 ± 30 nm. Compared to the pure PAN nanofibers, the water‐based contact angle of PAN/FPU increases from 90 ± 5° to 151 ± 5°, and the oil‐based contact angle increases from 58 ± 2° to 152 ± 3°. Importantly, at a high flow rate of 95 L min−1, the filtration efficiency of the PAN/FPU nanofiber membrane for 0.3 µm oil particles increases from 92 ± 1% to 99.2 ± 0.1%. After cyclic loading, the filtration efficiency of 0.3 µm oil particles remains above 98%. Meanwhile, the filtration efficiency for 0.3 µm salt particles remains at 98.23 ± 0.1%. The PAN/FPU nanofiber membrane developed in this work is effective in applications and has good market prospects as a protective filtration material.
On‐Demand Therapy for OFF Episodes in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Olanow C. Warren , Poewe Werner , Rascol Olivier , Stocchi Fabrizio 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTLevodopa is the most effective therapy for Parkinson's disease; however, chronic treatment is associated with the development of OFF episodes, in which there is a return of parkinsonian features following a dose of levodopa and prior to the onset of benefit from the subsequent dose. OFF episodes can be a major source of disability for PD patients and frequently result in depression, apathy and an unwillingness to participate in social activities. Most currently available medical and surgical therapies are designed to reduce total daily OFF time but do not provide a rapid and reliable “on‐demand” therapy for individual OFF episodes. Indeed, responses to individual doses of levodopa during an acute OFF episode are unreliable, frequently leading to partial‐ON, delayed‐ON, or no‐ON responses even at different times in the same patient. There are now 3 therapies that are available for the on‐demand treatment of OFF episodes; subcutaneous injection of apomorphine, sublingual apomorphine film, and inhaled levodopa. The first has not enjoyed widespread use in the PD community, whereas the latter 2 therapies have only recently been approved. This review will consider the currently available on‐demand therapies and their potential advantages and disadvantages. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Semi‐analytical solution for one‐dimensional consolidation of a two‐layered soil system with unsaturated and saturated conditions
Authors: Li Linzhong , Qin Aifang , Jiang Lianghua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSemi‐analytical solutions to one‐dimensional (1D) consolidation of the two‐layered soils are developed in this paper that can consider a two‐layered soil system with unsaturated upper soils and saturated lower soils. In this case, the upper soil layer remains the water‐air two‐phase flows, while the lower soil layer only involves the flow of the water phase. Based on the assumptions made in the 1D consolidation framework for saturated and unsaturated soils, the analytical solutions in the transformation space for the consolidation model are derived using a decoupling technique and the Laplace transformation. Subsequently, following the Crump algorithm, the numerical inverse Laplace transformation is carried for the related semi‐analytical results that can analyze the consolidation characteristics of the two‐layered soils in the time domain. Furthermore, two typical cases for saturated soils in the literature are shown to examine the methodology and final solutions. Finally, results of a case study in this paper indicate that the excess pore pressures within the unsaturated soil layer near the interface are significantly affected by the water flow in the saturated soil layer, and that the final primary consolidation settlement of soils would be overestimated if the unsaturated condition of upper soils is ignored.
Impact of knowledge on the cost of treasure hunt in trees
Authors: Bouchard Sébastien , Labourel Arnaud , Pelc Andrzej 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTreasure hunt is finding a hidden inert target by a mobile agent. We consider deterministic algorithms for treasure hunt in trees. Our goal is to establish the impact of different kinds of initial knowledge given to the agent on the cost of treasure hunt, defined as the total number of edge traversals until the agent reaches the treasure. The agent can be initially given either a complete map of the tree rooted at its starting node, with all port numbers marked, or a blind map of the tree rooted at its starting node but without port numbers. It may also be given, or not, the distance from the root to the treasure. This yields four different knowledge types that are partially ordered by their precision. The penalty of a less precise knowledge type over a more precise knowledge type measures intuitively the worst‐case ratio of the cost of an algorithm supplied with knowledge of type over the cost of an algorithm supplied with knowledge of type . Our main results establish penalties for comparable knowledge types in this partial order. For knowledge types with known distance, the penalty for having a blind map over a complete map turns out to be very large. By contrast, for unknown distance, the penalty of having a blind map over having a complete map is small. When a map is provided (either complete or blind), the penalty of not knowing the distance over knowing it is medium.
Symmetric tensor decomposition by alternating gradient descent
Authors: Liu Haixia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThesymmetric tensor decompositionproblem is a fundamental problem in many fields, which appealing for investigation. In general, greedy algorithm is used for tensor decomposition. That is, we first find the largest singular value and singular vector and subtract the corresponding component from tensor, then repeat the process. In this article, we focus on designing one effective algorithm and giving its convergence analysis. We introduce an exceedingly simple and fast algorithm for rank‐one approximation of symmetric tensor decomposition. Throughout variable splitting, we solve symmetric tensor decomposition problem by minimizing a multiconvex optimization problem. We use alternating gradient descent algorithm to solve. Although we focus on symmetric tensors in this article, the method can be extended to nonsymmetric tensors in some cases. Additionally, we also give some theoretical analysis about our alternating gradient descent algorithm. We prove that alternating gradient descent algorithm converges linearly to global minimizer. We also provide numerical results to show the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Child and adolescent diet in Late Roman Gaul: An investigation of incremental dietary stable isotopes in tooth dentine
Authors: Avery L. Creighton , Brickley Megan B. , Findlay Sheri , Chapelain de Seréville‐Niel Cécile , Prowse Tracy L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIncremental analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in tooth dentine is used to explore child and adolescent diet among individuals in the Late Roman Michelet Necropolis (Lisieux, France; fourth to fifth centuries CE). We analyzed 292 incremental sections from 46 second and third molars to explore dietary patterns between the ages of 4.5 and 23.5 years. Results indicate that individuals consumed more, or higher trophic level, terrestrial‐based animal proteins as they aged. Sex‐based comparisons also suggest that males and females consumed isotopically similar diets for most of their childhood; however, around age 16.5, males exhibited significantly lower δ15N values than females with a large effect size (U = 21.0, p = 0.012, g = 1.3). This difference in diet occurs during an important age‐based social change in the Roman life course, as individuals transitioned from childhood (pueritia) to adolescence (adulescentia). When the isotopic data are combined with literary and archaeological evidence, it suggests that this was the point when men and women diverged in their life course trajectories. Young men were expected to begin apprenticeships or military duty away from home, whereas women were kept close to their family home at this age. The isotopic results suggest these gendered experiences may have influenced dietary choices or access to foods at Lisieux‐Michelet. The results of this study demonstrate the utility of using permanent dentition in adult remains to explore childhood experiences and provide new insights into child and adolescent diet and gendered experiences in the context of the Late Roman Empire.
Distinguishable Targeting of Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Hyaluronan Functionalized Platinum Nanoclusters and Their Inhibition Behaviors of Proliferation, Invasion, Migration
Authors: Liu Ting , Huang Xin , Zhao Lingyun , Xiao Zhongqing , Li Zengbei , Xin Yi , Yang Shanshan , Guo Di , Zhao Wenfei , Mi Yang , Li Hongyun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractLung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and most cancer patients receiving conventional chemotherapy suffer from severe side effects due to the non‐selective effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on normal cells. Targeted nanomaterials can obtain excellent accumulation at the tumor site through their active or passive targeting mechanisms, thereby reducing the toxicity of the drugs in various ways. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) which could specifically bind to CD44 on the surface of tumor cells, was used to modify amine‐caged platinum nanoclusters (Pt NCs‐NH2) to obtain targeting HA‐Pt NCs‐NH2. Based on the differential expression of CD44 on the surface of three lung cells (non‐small cell lung cancer cell H1299, small cell lung cancer cell H446, and embryonic lung fibroblast HFL1), HA‐Pt NCs‐NH2 can differentially enter the three cells and achieve their targeting of non‐small cell lung cancer cell (NSCLC) cells. Pt NCs significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells and induced their apoptosis in comparison of classical cisplatin and carboplatin, showing a bright future in early diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC.