bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN LKS PRAKTIKUM INSEKTA BERBASIS DIAGRAM VEE UNTUK MENGURANGI BEBAN KOGNITIF SISWA SMA KELAS X
Authors: Sari Yuli Arnita , Drajat Sopwan Indra 
Published: November 2021

Insect is one of subject matter that has many concepts. In addition, the lack of teaching materials in the form of practicum worksheet that can make learning more meaningful and provide special skills for students. This will cause the emergence of cognitive load for students. Efforts to reduce the cognitive load on students is by developing a worksheet based on Vee diagram. The purpose of this research is to develop insect practicum worksheet based on Vee diagram to reduce the cognitive load of class X high school students, analyze the cognitive load and analyze the responses of teachers and students to insect practicum worksheet based on Vee diagram. This study uses a 4-D model (define, design, develop, and disseminate). The sampling technique of this study used purposive random sampling. Data collection techniques, including: tests, readability and feasibility rubrics, and questionnaire techniques. The study was conducted in SMA NU Widasari Indramayu. The percentage of overall validation is 96.09%, which means that insects practicum worksheet based on Vee diagram are very feasible to be used in the learning process. There is a decrease in cognitive load and positive student responses after developing the insects practicum worksheet.
Effectiveness of high-intensity laser light for treating large kidney stones
Authors: Pak Yu. G. , Kalyagina N. A. , Yagudaev D. M. 
Published: November 2021

Introduction. This work analyzes efficacy, convenience, and safety of a high-energy laser light technique for destructing large kidney stones in patients with nephrolithiasis in comparison to other contact methods of nephrolithotripsy.Material and methods. The effectiveness of contact laser nephrolithotripsy is compared to that of hydropneumatic and ultrasonic lithotripsy. Holmium green laser light was used in this laser procedure. For other techniques, Swiss LithoClast Master devices were used. The authors have analyzed outcomes obtained after operating on 73 patients with large and complex kidney stones.Results. To evaluate the effectiveness, basic parameters were taken (degree of kidney cleaning of stones and their fragments, probability of migration of stone fragments, blood loss, duration of surgery, complications, etc.). In addition, the correlation between basic parameters was obtained and analyzed.Conclusion. The present trial has shown that laser contact lithotripsy is the most optimal technique for destructing large and complex kidney stones in comparison to traditional modalities such as contact hydropneumatic and ultrasonic lithotripsy. It takes more time but provides more effective cleaning from calculi.
Potentials of intravenous laser blood irradiation to correct peroxidation and antioxidant activity as a result of surgical distress
Authors: Musikhin L. V. , Shiryaev V. S. , Shvetsky F. M. , Potievskaya V. I. , Potievsky M. B. , Gorin D. S. , Bugrovskaya O. I. , Khosrovyan A. M. 
Published: November 2021

Purpose: to reveal protective effects of intravenous low-level laser blood irradiation (ILBI) during surgical interventions at the gallbladder as well as to study the state of antioxidant activity, lipid peroxidation and endogenous intoxication.Material and methods. In the perioperative period, 40 patients from the main group (I) had traditional treatment which included pharmacological preparations and sessions of intravenous laser blood irradiation. 45 patients from the control group (II) had only traditional (pharmacotherapeutic) treatment. In both groups during surgery, the anesthetic protection consisted of classical neuroleptanalgesia. The age of patients in both groups did not differ significantly. Intravenous laser blood irradiation was done with helium-neon laser “Atoll” 632 nm (Fokon Ltd, St-Petersburg, Russia). During surgery, three irradiation sessions were performed at radiation power of 20 mW and exposure 15 minutes at various stages of surgery: 30 minutes before induction of anesthesia, at the traumatic stage and 30 minutes before the expected finish of the surgery. Ceruloplasmin and transferrin levels in the blood plasma were assessed with the electron paramagnetic resonance technique. The ratio of ceruloplasmin/transferrin which characterizes the level of antioxidant activity was also established. The level of endogenous intoxication was assessed using the previously published technique. The quantitative characteristics of endogenous intoxication by this technique is the value of optical density (D280) and total optical density of components related to high molecular weight and low molecular weight fractions.Results. ILBI sessions in patients neutralize changes in the level of ceruloplasmin and transferrin in blood. The data obtained also confirm ILBI protective effects at protein SH-groups or activation of the restoration of protein SH-groups that were damaged by oxidation as a result of surgical aggression and trauma.Conclusion. The protective effect of intravenous laser blood irradiation in addition to the standard preoperative therapy optimizes pharmacological anesthetic protection during surgery under the existing traditional schemes of combined general anesthesia.
Improving the results of treatment of patients with purulent diseases of fingers and hands using laser irradiation and photodynamic therapy
Authors: Chepurnaya Y. L. , Melkonyan G. G. , Gulmuradova N. T. , Sorokin A. A. 
Published: November 2021

Despite the evolution in modern surgery and in pharmaceutical industry, purulent pathology of the hand is occupying a leading position for many years among all diseases with which patients are admitted to hospitals. Over the years, medical care for such patients has been improving. A high social and economic significance of this problem makes surgeons to continue searches of new directions not only in surgical techniques, but also in postoperative wound management to improve outcomes in patients with purulent diseases of the hand.The purpose of this work is to assess results of care of patients with purulent finger and hand diseases treated with laser light necrectomy and photodynamic therapy. A comparative analysis of wound process dynamics and treatment outcomes in 198 patients with hand purulent diseases who had been admitted to Moscow City Hospital No. 4 was made by the authors. All patients were divided into four groups depending on the curative modality. In Group 1 (n = 53), a wound was sutured after surgery, and a drainage-lavage system (DLS) was installed; in Group 2 (n = 50), a wound was not sutured because of contraindications to suturing; in Group 3 (n = 46), patients had laser necrectomy after which a wound was sutured and DLS was installed; in Group 4 (n = 49), a wound was not sutured because of contraindications like in Group 2, but it was treated with antiseptic dressings and photodynamic therapy at an early postoperative period. Various aspects of the effectiveness of laser techniques have been analyzed: dynamics of wound healing, changes in wound defect size, level of pain syndrome assessed by VAS, changes in clinical blood tests, changes in wound exudate cytological picture as well as changes in wound microflora. Acceleration of wound healing was noted in all patients who were treated with laser light what, consequently, shortened their inpatient stay. Laser light also changed cytological and microbiological patterns of wound exudate, as evidenced by the decrease of wound detritus and by the decrease of microbial content in the wound. In patients, who were treated with laser light, less pain syndrome was registered immediately after laser technique application.The obtained findings demonstrate a positive effect of laser necrectomy with DLS at wound process as well. Photodynamic therapy significantly improved results in patients with open wound management on the hand and fingers. Laser techniques have good perspectives in purulent surgery of the hand.
Laser papillosphincterotomy in choledocholithiasis and acute biliary pancreatitis
Authors: Lazarenko V. A. , Kanishchev Y. V. , Nazarenko P. M. , Nazarenko D. P. , Samgina T. A. , Loktionov A. L. , Gorbunov S. M. 
Published: November 2021

Objective. The radical elimination of extrahepatic biliary tract pathology in choledocholithiasis and acute biliary pancreatitis (ABP) reduces the risk of infection and eliminates the source of endogenous intoxication; so, the search of safe and effective techniques for endoscopic papillosphincterotomy (EPT) is important.Purpose: to assess outcomes of laser-assisted endoscopic papillosphincterotomy.Material and methods. 288 patients with “wedged” (n = 111) and “valve” (n = 177) choledocholithiasis and acute biliary pancreatitis were divided into two groups depending on EPT technique: in the control group, a papillotome with electrocoagulation cord was used (n = 195); in the main group, laser scalpel was used (n = 93).Results. 87 patients with “wedged” choledocholithiasis were treated with EPT and an end electrode on the wedged stone. 16 patients out of them had mild bleeding which was stopped by irrigation with epinephrine solution (1 : 10 000) followed by the targeted coagulation. The average surgical time was 38 ± 16 min. In 24 patients with rigid and edematous medial wall of the duodenum due to acute biliary pancreatitis, the proposed device plus laser technique for papillosphincterotomy were used (patent of the Russian Federation No. 2614891). There was no bleeding, the average surgical time was 24 ± 12 min. In “valve” choledocholithiasis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LCE) was performed; calculi from the common bile duct were removed. In 108 patients during LCE, EPT was made via an antegrade catheter. In 69 patients with anatomical and physiological obstacles caused by the major duodenal papilla, we performed LCE and EPT with laser light via an antegrade guide light made of fluoroplastics (patent of the Russian Federation No. 41594). Concrements from the common bile duct were removed with the Dormia basket.Conclusions. Laser light causes less damage, reliably provides hemostasis along the incision line on the anterior wall of the major duodenal papilla; in addition, a wedged calculus in “wedged” choledocholithiasis and a fluoroplastic light guide in “valve” choledocholithiasis reliably protect the posterior wall of the major duodenal papilla from laser light damage. Laser techniques used in EPT make the treatment of choledocholithiasis in patients with ABP having anatomical and physiological problems due to the major duodenal papilla safe and effective.
Factors Related to Adolescent Smoking: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Study in Thailand
Authors: Suwanwong Charin , Kalapat Romtawan , Pitayarangsarit Siriwan , Chaiyasong Surasak 
Published: November 2021

Objective: This study aimed to explore the individual, familial, and social factors associated with different smoking status in Thai adolescents from the 2017 Cigarette Smoking and Alcohol Drinking Behavior Survey (CSAD)
Methods: The nationally representative sample of 6046 adolescents aged 15-19 years who took part in the 2017 CSAD in Thailand. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the associations between the individual, familial, and social factors and different smoking status.
Results: The daily smoking and occasional smoking was 6.4% and 3.3%, respectively. Gender, alcohol use, substance use, attitudes toward smoking, exposure to secondhand smoke at home, anti-smoking social media campaign, and graphic warning labels were related to both daily and occasional smoking. Daily smoking was associated with exposure to secondhand smoke at school, restaurant, and public transport, and exposure to tobacco advertising.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that smoking prevention intervention should particularly focus on these factors and also need to develop the anti-smoking policies for smoking prevention among adolescents.
The rise of corporate rights in the United States
Authors: Winkler Adam 
Published: November 2021

Le pouvoir politique des entreprises se développe et s’entretient par différents biais, en particulier le lobbying et l’intervention directe dans l’arène politique. Mais aux États-Unis, les entreprises ont aussi accru leur pouvoir par l’intermédiaire de décisions de justice qui leur ont octroyé les mêmes droits qu’aux personnes physiques. Cet article analyse le processus, long de deux siècles, par lequel les entreprises ont mené des batailles victorieuses pour obtenir les droits individuels garantis par la Constitution. L’un des succès les plus importants des entreprises tient à l’obtention de la protection du 14e amendement, adopté à l’origine après la guerre de Sécession pour protéger les anciens esclaves, mais qui, au début du XX e siècle, a fini par être surtout utilisé dans des procès ayant trait aux droits des entreprises. De l’égale protection devant la loi à la liberté d’expression, les droits civiques des entreprises n’ont cessé de progresser, et l’article contribue à la réflexion à propos de la meilleure manière de définir ces droits.
La construction de l’entreprise comme acteur politique de 1945 à nos jours
Authors: Lefebvre Philippe 
Published: November 2021

L’idée fortement prisée aujourd’hui que l’entreprise soit un acteur politique est loin d’être nouvelle. La question est de savoir si ce rôle politique est le même aujourd’hui qu’autrefois, ou s’il a changé avec le temps. Pour y répondre, l’article analyse comment cette question a été construite comme objet d’étude à différentes périodes. De 1945 aux années 1970, largement à l’aune des rapports de classe en France, l’entreprise est analysée, aux Etats-Unis notamment, comme exerçant une influence sur les décisions politiques, sans qu’elle ait à agir elle-même : les liens multiples entre élites suffisent à la capture des décisions politiques. Des années 1970 aux années 2000, la contestation dont sont l’objet les entreprises les conduit à développer des activités nouvelles, étudiées par trois courants, pluridisciplinaires : activité politique des entreprises ( corporate political activity ), responsabilité sociale des entreprises ( corporate social responsibility ), stratégie hors-marché des entreprises ( non-market strategy ). Dans ce contexte, ce qu’on appelle politique, c’est essentiellement la partie émergée du politique : élections, décisions législatives, etc. Depuis le début des années 2000, de nouveaux enjeux ont conduit à de nouvelles théorisations (RSE politique, théorie de l’entreprise) qui voient désormais dans l’action politique une dimension centrale pour les entreprises : volontairement ou non, elles ont des impacts majeurs sur la vie des sociétés, ce sont donc des acteurs politiques de premier plan. Le politique, ici, c’est tout ce qui intéresse la vie de la Cité. Sur ces bases, l’article conclut en soulignant ce qu’il appelle « le double processus de construction politique des entreprises ».
« Une autre loi que celle de l’État ». Modalités politiques de la résistance des compagnies ferroviaires à la régulation publique (Wisconsin, années 1870)
Authors: Blin Alexia 
Published: November 2021

Les années 1870 aux États-Unis correspondent à une période de vifs débats sur le pouvoir des entreprises de chemin de fer, et les tentatives de régulation se multiplient, en particulier dans un premier temps à l’échelle des États. L’article s’arrête sur le cas de la loi Potter, votée dans le Wisconsin en 1874, qui déclenche une violente controverse entre les représentants des compagnies de chemin de fer et ceux de l’État. Cette controverse nous renseigne sur la place qu’occupent ces entreprises dans l’arène politique. En contestant la légitimité de l’État à réguler les tarifs pratiqués par les chemins de fer, les managers des entreprises entendent appliquer « une autre loi que celle de l’État ». Ce faisant, ils font apparaître des discordances sur l’origine (politique ou non) de ces grandes entreprises. Ils ouvrent également le débat sur la question du pouvoir et de la politique au sein de l’entreprise, et se posent même en concurrents directs de l’État, en refusant purement et simplement d’appliquer la loi. Alors que ces dirigeants cherchent, par leurs discours, à faire des entreprises des acteurs purement économiques, l’analyse de la controverse montre bien leur caractère politique à cette période.
La transition énergétique accélérée : le nouveau pari des GAFAM
Authors: Lelièvre Mathias 
Published: November 2021

Et si l’alliance des technologies numériques et énergétiques permettait de tenir les objectifs de l’accord de Paris dix ans plus tôt qu’espéré ? C’est l’engagement d’Amazon, Coca-Cola, Unilever, Microsoft, Netflix et d’autres entreprises, qui se lancent dans une transition énergétique accélérée et l’envisagent comme un élément clé de leur performance future. ENGIE Impact est devenue le partenaire de la transformation de nombreux acteurs de la tech, en s’appuyant, notamment, sur les expertises du Groupe, sur tous les continents.
Une comparaison des politiques publiques chinoises et européennes sur le véhicule électrique
Authors: Alochet Marc , Midler Christophe 
Published: November 2021

Le déploiement du véhicule électrique est un exemple emblématique de l’importance de la régulation publique sur la trajectoire de l’innovation. Une comparaison entre les cas européens et chinois permettra de confronter deux approches pour mobiliser le secteur de l’automobile sur les enjeux de la réduction des émissions de CO 2 , toutes deux volontaristes, mais très différentes dans leur philosophie et leur mise en œuvre. Une forme d’intervention publique plus compatible avec la spécificité du management de l’innovation est-elle possible ?
La souveraineté retrouvée : le credo du trublion du cloud computing
Authors: Paulin Michel 
Published: November 2021

OVHcloud, seul acteur européen du cloud ayant réussi à se hisser dans le top 10 mondial, s’est engagé depuis longtemps dans la construction patiente d’un écosystème numérique promouvant la transparence et la simplicité. Pour Michel Paulin, la souveraineté ne relève pas d’un discours lyrique appelant au retour d’un monde protecteur fermé sur lui-même, mais d’une réalité bien plus concrète : est-on maître de son propre destin ? Cette question devrait guider tout projet de transformation numérique.
A prospective comparative study of pull-out suture technique versus modified Kessler technique in flexor tendon repair for Zone I and distal Zone II injuries
Authors: Pebam Manisana Singh , Singh Akoijam Ibohal , Das Saugat , Singh Laishram Oken , Sinam Nehar , Singh Sanjib Nepram 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Injuries to the hand are common, and poor functional outcomes can have significant long-term consequences affecting both work and social activities. Good outcomes following flexor tendon lacerations in hand are dependent on a sound surgical repair allowing early active mobilization.

Aims and Objectives:
The purpose of the study was to compare the clinical and functional outcomes of Zone I and distal Zone II flexor tendon repair using pull-out suture technique with two-strand modified Kessler method.

Materials and Methods:
This hospital-based prospective study was conducted in a tertiary hospital setup in Manipur for 2 years' duration from November 2018 to November 2020. The study was conducted on 26 patients with a total of 30 injured digits, which were then divided into two equal groups of cases and control. Group A included study cases and were treated with pull-out suture technique. Group B included 15 control cases and were treated with modified Kessler technique. Comparison was done between the two different techniques based on patient variables and outcome measured with total active motion (TAM) evaluation system of the American Society for Surgery of Hands.

Statistical Analysis:
Data collected were entered into the SPSS version 16. Descriptive analysis of baseline characteristics of both study and control groups was done. The final analysis was done using the Chi-square test and SPSS version 16. P < 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results:
In our comparative study, at the 3-month follow-up range of motion was measured and TAM was calculated. Among case group, 2 (13%) belonged to good and 13 (87%) belonged to fair category, whereas among control group, 2 (13%) belonged to good and 1 poor category, and 12 (80%) belonged to fair category. About 50%–75% of functional recovery by 3 months was obtained in 80% of the cases and 73% of the control group.

Conclusion:
The pull-out suture technique is a good option for the management of Zone I and distal Zone II flexor tendon injuries.
Locking plate fixation for unstable proximal humerus fracture
Authors: Regis Prem , Moirangthem Victor 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Unstable fractures of the proximal humerus represent a surgical challenge despite the wide range of treatment options available. The proximal humerus locking plate is a good surgical option in the management of unstable proximal humerus fractures.

Aim:
The purpose of this study is to determine whether locking plate fixation in the treatment of displaced and unstable proximal humerus fractures leads to a good functional outcome.

Settings and Design:
Medical school hospital, observational study.

Subjects and Methods:
Thirty-two patients with unstable proximal humerus fractures treated with proximal humerus locking plate between November 2017 and March 2019 were included in the study. The fractures were classified based on the Neer's classification into two-, three-, and four-part fractures. The minimum follow-up was 1 year. The Constant–Murley scoring system was used for functional assessment. Constant scores for two-, three-, and four-part fractures were determined and compared with respect to the age, gender, handedness, and occupation of the study participants.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Chi-square test was applied for discrete variables and one-way ANOVA was used to compare between the three fracture types. P ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results:
Fourteen patients had two-part fractures, 13 patients had three-part fractures, and 3 patients had four-part fractures. The mean follow-up period was 17.5 months (range: 12–24 months). About 65.6% (n = 21) patients had good result, 31.3% (n = 10) had fair, and 3.1% (n = 1) had poor result. Constant scores for 2-part (84.14 ± 2.98) and 3-part fractures (82.15 ± 3.78) were significantly superior to those of 4-part fractures (72.80 ± 3.63) (P = 0.000 and 0.000, respectively). Difference between 2-part and 3-part fractures was not significant (P = 0.142). There was no significant difference in the functional outcome between patients who were employed and unemployed, right and left handed. Complications include stiffness in 6.3% (n = 2) and infection in 3.1% (n = 1) of cases.

Conclusion:
Proximal humerus locking plate gives stable fixation for 2-part and 3-part fractures. However, in case of Neer's 4 part-fractures, the functional outcome is relatively poor.