bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of 3D cell culture on bone regeneration potential of mesenchymal stromal cells
Authors: Bicer Mesude , Cottrell Graeme S. , Widera Darius 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAs populations age across the world, osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures are becoming the most prevalent degenerative bone diseases. More than 75 million patients suffer from osteoporosis in the USA, the EU and Japan. Furthermore, it is anticipated that the number of patients affected by osteoporosis will increase by a third by 2050. Although conventional therapies including bisphosphonates, calcitonin and oestrogen-like drugs can be used to treat degenerative diseases of the bone, they are often associated with serious side effects including the development of oesophageal cancer, ocular inflammation, severe musculoskeletal pain and osteonecrosis of the jaw.The use of autologous mesenchymal stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a possible alternative therapeutic approach to tackle osteoporosis while overcoming the limitations of traditional treatment options. However, osteoporosis can cause a decrease in the numbers of MSCs, induce their senescence and lower their osteogenic differentiation potential.Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture is an emerging technology that allows a more physiological expansion and differentiation of stem cells compared to cultivation on conventional flat systems.This review will discuss current understanding of the effects of different 3D cell culture systems on proliferation, viability and osteogenic differentiation, as well as on the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory potential of MSCs.
Extracellular vesicle mimics made from iPS cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells improve the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Zhao Qingguo , Hai Bo , Kelly Jack , Wu Samuel , Liu Fei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their mimics from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising drug carriers to improve cancer treatment, but their application is hindered by donor variations and expansion limitations of conventional tissue-derived MSCs. To circumvent these issues, we made EV-mimicking nanovesicles from standardized MSCs derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with a theoretically limitless expandability, and examined the targeting capacity of these nanovesicles to prostate cancer.

Methods
Nanovesicles are made from intact iPSC-MSCs through serial extrusion. The selective uptake of fluorescently labeled nanovesicles by prostate cancer cells vs. non-tumor cells was examined with flow cytometry. For in vivo tracing, nanovesicles were labeled with fluorescent dye DiR or renilla luciferase. In mice carrying subcutaneous or bone metastatic PC3 prostate cancer, the biodistribution of systemically infused nanovesicles was examined with in vivo and ex vivo imaging of DiR and luminescent signals. A chemotherapeutic drug, docetaxel, was loaded into nanovesicles during extrusion. The cytotoxicities of nanovesicle-encapsulated docetaxel on docetaxel-sensitive and -resistant prostate cancer cells and non-tumor cells were examined in comparison with free docetaxel. Therapeutic effects of nanovesicle-encapsulated docetaxel were examined in mice carrying subcutaneous or bone metastatic prostate cancer by monitoring tumor growth in comparison with free docetaxel.

Results
iPSC-MSC nanovesicles are more selectively taken up by prostate cancer cells vs. non-tumor cells in vitro compared with EVs, membrane-only EV-mimetic nanoghosts and liposomes, which is not affected by storage for up to 6 weeks. In mouse models of subcutaneous and bone metastatic PC3 prostate cancer, systemically infused nanovesicles accumulate in tumor regions with significantly higher selectivity than liposomes. The loading of docetaxel into nanovesicles was efficient and did not affect the selective uptake of nanovesicles by prostate cancer cells. The cytotoxicities of nanovesicle-encapsulated docetaxel are significantly stronger on docetaxel-resistant prostate cancer cells and weaker on non-tumor cells than free docetaxel. In mouse models of subcutaneous and bone metastatic prostate cancer, nanovesicle-encapsulated docetaxel significantly decreased the tumor growth and toxicity to white blood cells compared with free docetaxel.

Conclusions
Our data indicate that EV-mimicking iPSC-MSC nanovesicles are promising to improve the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.
Intraperitoneal injection of Desferal® alleviated the age-related bone loss and senescence of bone marrow stromal cells in rats
Authors: Yi Lingxian , Ju Yue , He Ying , Yin Xiushan , Xu Ye , Weng Tujun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Background
Age-related bone loss plays a vital role in the development of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture. Bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) senescence is highly associated with osteoporosis and limits the application of BMSCs in regenerative medicine. Hypoxia is an essential component for maintaining the normal physiology of BMSCs. We have reported that activation of hypoxia-induced factor by deletion of von Hippel-Lindau gene in osteochondral progenitor cells protected mice from aging-induced bone loss. However, whether pharmacologically manipulation of hypoxic niche would attenuate age-related bone loss and dysfunction of BMSCs is not well understood.

Methods
Twelve-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used as an aged model and were intraperitoneally injected with Desferal® (20, 60 mg/kg weight or vehicle), three times a week for a continuous 8-week period. Two-month-old young rats were set as a reference. After 8 weeks, micro-CT and HE staining were performed to determine the effect of Desferal® on bone loss. In order to investigate the effects of Desferal® on BMSC senescence, 12-month-old rats were treated with high-dose Desferal® (60 mg/kg weight) daily for 10 days. BMSCs were isolated and evaluated using CCK-8 assay, colony-forming cell assay, cell differentiation assay, laser confocal for reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, and molecular expression test for stemness/senescence-associated genes.

Results
Micro-CT and HE staining showed that high-dose Desferal® significantly prevented bone loss in aged rats. Compared with vehicle group, the ex vivo experiments showed that short-term Desferal® administration could promote the potential of BMSC growth (proliferation and colony formation ability) and improve the rebalance of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation, as well as rejuvenate senescent BMSCs (ROS level and SA-β-gal staining) and revise the expression of stemness/senescence-associated genes. The potential of BMSCs from 12M-H-Desferal® group at least partly revised to the level close to 2-month-old group.

Conclusions
The current study suggested that Desferal®, an iron-chelating agent, could alleviate age-related bone loss in middle-aged rats. Meanwhile, we found that short-term intraperitoneal injection of Desferal® partly rejuvenate BMSCs from aged rats. Overall, we demonstrated a novel role of Desferal® in rejuvenating aged BMSCs and preventing age-related bone loss.
Minimizing the number of origins in batches of weaned calves to reduce their risks of developing bovine respiratory diseases
Authors: Morel-Journel Thibaut , Assié Sébastien , Vergu Elisabeta , Mercier Jean-Baptiste , Bonnet-Beaugrand Florence , Ezanno Pauline 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBovine respiratory diseases (BRD) are a major concern for the beef cattle industry, as beef calves overwhelmingly develop BRD symptoms during the first weeks after their arrival at fattening units. These cases occur after weaned calves from various cow-calf producers are grouped into batches to be sold to fatteners. Cross-contaminations between calves from different origins (potentially carrying different pathogens), together with increased stress because of the process of batch creation, can increase their risks of developing BRD symptoms. This study investigated whether reducing the number of different origins per batch is a strategy to reduce the risk of BRD cases. We developed an algorithm aimed at creating batches with as few origins as possible, while respecting constraints on the number and breed of the calves. We tested this algorithm on a dataset of 137,726 weaned calves grouped into 9701 batches by a French organization. We also computed an index assessing the risks of developing BRD because of the batch composition by considering four pathogens involved in the BRD system. While increasing the heterogeneity of batches in calf bodyweight, which is not expected to strongly impact the performance, our algorithm successfully decreased the average number of origins in the same batch and their risk index. Both this algorithm and the risk index can be used as part of decision tool to assess and possibly minimize BRD risk at batch creation, but they are generic enough to assess health risk for other production animals, and optimize the homogeneity of selected characteristics.
Robust stability analysis of impulsive quaternion-valued neural networks with distributed delays and parameter uncertainties
Authors: Zhou Jielin , Tan Yuanshun , Chen Xiaofeng , Liu Zijian 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, an impulsive quaternion-valued neural networks (QVNNs) model with leakage, discrete, and distributed delays is considered. Based on the homeomorphic mapping method, Lyapunov stability theorem, and linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach, sufficient conditions for the existence, uniqueness, and global robust stability of the equilibrium point of the impulsive QVNNs are provided. A numerical example is provided to confirm the obtained results. A conclusion is presented in the end.
Dynamics analysis of an online gambling spreading model on scale-free networks
Authors: Kong Yu , Li Tao , Wang Yuanmei , Cheng Xinming , Wang He , Lei Yangmei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNowadays, online gambling has a great negative impact on the society. In order to study the effect of people’s psychological factors, anti-gambling policy, and social network topology on online gambling dynamics, a newSHGD(susceptible–hesitator–gambler–disclaimer) online gambling spreading model is proposed on scale-free networks. The spreading dynamics of online gambling is studied. The basic reproductive number$R_{0}$R0is got and analyzed. The basic reproductive number$R_{0}$R0is related to anti-gambling policy and the network topology. Then, gambling-free equilibrium$E_{0}$E0and gambling-prevailing equilibrium$E_{ +} $E+are obtained. The global stability of$E_{0}$E0is analyzed. The global attractivity of$E_{ +} $E+and the persistence of online gambling phenomenon are studied. Finally, the theoretical results are verified by some simulations.
The influence of an infectious disease on a prey-predator model equipped with a fractional-order derivative
Authors: Djilali Salih , Ghanbari Behzad 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this research, we discuss the influence of an infectious disease in the evolution of ecological species. A computational predator-prey model of fractional order is considered. Also, we assume that there is a non-fatal infectious disease developed in the prey population. Indeed, it is considered that the predators have a cooperative hunting. This situation occurs when a pair or group of animals coordinate their activities as part of their hunting behavior in order to improve their chances of making a kill and feeding. In this model, we then shift the role of standard derivatives to fractional-order derivatives to take advantage of the valuable benefits of this class of derivatives. Moreover, the stability of equilibrium points is studied. The influence of this infection measured by the transmission rate on the evolution of predator-prey interaction is determined. Many scenarios are obtained, which implies the richness of the suggested model and the importance of this study. The graphical representation of the mathematical results is provided through a precise numerical scheme. This technique enables us to approximate other related models including fractional-derivative operators with high accuracy and efficiency.
On the characteristic polynomial of $(k,p)$-Fibonacci sequence
Authors: Trojovský Pavel 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecently, Bednarz introduced a new two-parameter generalization of the Fibonacci sequence, which is called the$(k,p)$(k,p)-Fibonacci sequence and denoted by$(F_{k,p}(n))_{n\geq0}$(Fk,p(n))n≥0. In this paper, we study the geometry of roots of the characteristic polynomial of this sequence.
Some k-fractional extension of Grüss-type inequalities via generalized Hilfer–Katugampola derivative
Authors: Naz Samaira , Naeem Muhammad Nawaz , Chu Yu-Ming 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we prove several inequalities of the Grüss type involving generalized k-fractional Hilfer–Katugampola derivative. In 1935, Grüss demonstrated a fascinating integral inequality, which gives approximation for the product of two functions. For these functions, we develop some new fractional integral inequalities. Our results with this new derivative operator are capable of evaluating several mathematical problems relevant to practical applications.
Reciprocity of poly-Dedekind-type DC sums involving poly-Euler functions
Authors: Ma Yuankui , Kim Dae San , Lee Hyunseok , Kim Hanyoung , Kim Taekyun 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe classical Dedekind sums appear in the transformation behavior of the logarithm of the Dedekind eta-function under substitutions from the modular group. The Dedekind sums and their generalizations are defined in terms of Bernoulli functions and their generalizations, and are shown to satisfy some reciprocity relations. In contrast, Dedekind-type DC (Daehee and Changhee) sums and their generalizations are defined in terms of Euler functions and their generalizations. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the poly-Dedekind-type DC sums, which are obtained from the Dedekind-type DC sums by replacing the Euler function by poly-Euler functions of arbitrary indices, and to show that those sums satisfy, among other things, a reciprocity relation.
Approximation of function using generalized Zygmund class
Authors: Nigam H. K. , Mursaleen Mohammad , Rani Supriya 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this paper we review some of the previous work done by the earlier authors (Singh et al. in J. Inequal. Appl. 2017:101, 2017; Lal and Shireen in Bull. Math. Anal. Appl. 5(4):1–13, 2013), etc., on error approximation of a functiongin the generalized Zygmund space and resolve the issue of these works. We also determine the best error approximation of the functionsgand$g^{\prime }$g′, where$g^{\prime }$g′is a derived function of a 2π-periodic functiong, in the generalized Zygmund class$X_{z}^{(\eta )}$Xz(η),$z\geq 1$z≥1, using matrix-Cesàro$(TC^{\delta })$(TCδ)means of its Fourier series and its derived Fourier series, respectively. Theorem 2.1 of the present paper generalizes eight earlier results, which become its particular cases. Thus, the results of (Dhakal in Int. Math. Forum 5(35):1729–1735, 2010; Dhakal in Int. J. Eng. Technol. 2(3):1–15, 2013; Nigam in Surv. Math. Appl. 5:113–122, 2010; Nigam in Commun. Appl. Anal. 14(4):607–614, 2010; Nigam and Sharma in Kyungpook Math. J. 50:545–556, 2010; Nigam and Sharma in Int. J. Pure Appl. Math. 70(6):775–784, 2011; Kushwaha and Dhakal in Nepal J. Sci. Technol. 14(2):117–122, 2013; Shrivastava et al. in IOSR J. Math. 10(1 Ver. I):39–41, 2014) become particular cases of our Theorem 2.1. Several corollaries are also deduced from our Theorem 2.1.
Some fractional Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities for interval-valued coordinated functions
Authors: Shi Fangfang , Ye Guoju , Zhao Dafang , Liu Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe primary objective of this paper is establishing new Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities for interval-valued coordinated functions via Riemann–Liouville-type fractional integrals. Moreover, we obtain some fractional Hermite–Hadamard-type inequalities for the product of two coordinatedh-convex interval-valued functions. Our results generalize several well-known inequalities.
Fundamental solutions for semidiscrete evolution equations via Banach algebras
Authors: González-Camus Jorge , Lizama Carlos , Miana Pedro J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe give representations for solutions of time-fractional differential equations that involve operators on Lebesgue spaces of sequences defined by discrete convolutions involving kernels through the discrete Fourier transform. We consider finite difference operators of first and second orders, which are generators of uniformly continuous semigroups and cosine functions. We present the linear and algebraic structures (in particular, factorization properties) and their norms and spectra in the Lebesgue space of summable sequences. We identify fractional powers of these generators and apply to them the subordination principle. We also give some applications and consequences of our results.
The identification of wildlife-vehicle collision hotspots: Citizen science reveals spatial and temporal patterns
Authors: Valerio Francesco , Basile Marco , Balestrieri Rosario 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLinear infrastructures (e.g., roads, railways, pipelines, and powerlines) pose a serious threat to wildlife, due to the risk of wildlife-vehicle collisions (roadkills). The placement of mitigation measures, such as crossing structures, should consider species’ life cycles and ecological requirements. Such an assessment would require data collection over large areas, which may be possible by employing citizen science. In this study, we aimed to identify spatio-temporal trends of roadkill occurrence using citizen science data from one of the most urbanized and biodiversity-rich regions of Italy. Temporal trends were analyzed using generalized additive models, while landscape patterns were assessed by identifying significant thresholds over land cover gradients, related to increases in relative roadkill abundance, by employing threshold indicator taxa analysis. Our approach recorded a total of 529 roadkills, including 33 different species, comprising 13 mammal, 10 bird, 6 reptile, and 2 amphibian species. Statistical analysis indicated significant temporal trends for the red fox, the European hedgehog, the stone marten and the European badger, with peaks in roadkill occurrence between the winter and spring months. Relative roadkill abundance increased mostly in landscapes with anthropogenic land cover classes, such as complex cultivations, orchards, or urban surfaces. Our results allowed us to develop a map of potential roadkill risk that could assist in planning the placement of mitigation measures. Citizen science contributions from highly populated areas allowed data collection over a large area and a dense road network, and also directly led to the evaluation of management decisional options.
Investigation on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Eco-friendly Mortar Containing WGP at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Sedaghatdoost Arash , Behfarnia Kiachehr , Moosaei Hamidreza , Bayati Mohammad , Vaezi Mohammad Sadegh 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe properties of mortars containing waste glass powder (WGP) as a cement substitute for sustainable construction at various high temperatures were investigated. For this purpose, specimens from four mixtures with WGP at various percentage levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15% were prepared and exposed to the specified temperatures. After that, the compressive and flexural strength were determined at high temperatures. The mass loss was also measured by weighing the samples before and after exposing to the high temperatures. The microstructure of mortars was analyzed by petrographic examination. Based on the obtained results, incorporation of WGP as partial replacement of cement could improve strength characteristics of the mortars at the elevated temperatures up to 17%. Also, the optimum ratio of cement replacement level was found to be 10%. In addition, the petrographic images of the mortars showed that at the same time with the strength loss of specimens, the red discoloration of WGP occurred that is attributed to the oxidation of iron compounds that starts at temperatures above 200 °C.
The diversity and breadth of cancer cell fatty acid metabolism
Authors: Nagarajan Shilpa R. , Butler Lisa M. , Hoy Andrew J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTumor cellular metabolism exhibits distinguishing features that collectively enhance biomass synthesis while maintaining redox balance and cellular homeostasis. These attributes reflect the complex interactions between cell-intrinsic factors such as genomic-transcriptomic regulation and cell-extrinsic influences, including growth factor and nutrient availability. Alongside glucose and amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism supports tumorigenesis and disease progression through a range of processes including membrane biosynthesis, energy storage and production, and generation of signaling intermediates. Here, we highlight the complexity of cellular fatty acid metabolism in cancer, the various inputs and outputs of the intracellular free fatty acid pool, and the numerous ways that these pathways influence disease behavior.
Electrical conductive fluid-rich zones and their influence on the earthquake initiation, growth, and arrest processes: observations from the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence, Kyushu Island, Japan
Authors: Aizawa Koki , Takakura Shinichi , Asaue Hisafumi , Koike Katsuaki , Yoshimura Ryokei , Yamazaki Ken’ichi , Komatsu Shintaro , Utsugi Mitsuru , Inoue Hiroyuki , Tsukamoto Kaori , Uyeshima Makoto , Koyama Takao , Kanda Wataru , Yoshinaga Tohru , Matsushima Nobuo , Uchida Kazunari , Tsukashima Yuko , Matsushima Takeshi , Ichihara Hiroshi , Muramatsu Dan , Teguri Yoshiko , Shito Azusa , Matsumoto Satoshi , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCrustal earthquake ruptures tend to initiate near fluid-rich zones. However, it is relatively unknown whether fluid-rich zones can further promote or arrest these ruptures. We image the electrical resistivity structure around the focal area of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence by using 200 sites broadband magnetotelluric data, and discuss its quantitative relationship to earthquake initiation, growth, and arrest processes. The ruptures that initiated along the outer edge of the low-resistivity fluid-rich zones (< 30 Ωm) tended to become large earthquakes, whereas those that initiated either distal to or within the fluid-rich zones did not. The ruptures were arrested by high-temperature (> 400 °C) fluid-rich zones, whereas shallower low-temperature (200–400 °C) fluid-rich zones either promoted or arrested the ruptures. These results suggest that the distribution of mid-crustal fluids contributes to the initiation, growth, and arrest of crustal earthquakes. The pre-failure pressure/temperature gradient (spatial difference) of the pore fluids may contribute to the rupture initiation, propagation, and arrest.