bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fast new method for frequency-filter analysis of surface waves: Application in the west pacific
Authors: Seneff Stephanie 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A very simple modification to the Dziewonski multiple filter analysis method for surface-wave data yields a 90 per cent reduction in computation time. The method involves a frequency shift such that the center frequency of the bandpass filter is moved to the origin. The effect is to greatly reduce the apparent bandwidth and allow a reduction of the inverse transform size down to only 256 points.
The new method was used to analyze Rayleigh waves for 32 paths to Guam in the southwest Pacific. Results support the existence of a very thick crustal region north of the Fiji Plateau. Data from Samoa exhibited the highest group velocities, peaking at 4.0 km/sec; other regions generally showed anomalously low-group velocities, reflecting the anomalous mantle structure known to exist in many parts of the region.
Precursors to PKKP
Authors: Chang Andre C. , Cleary John R. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Consistent precursors to PKKP from Novaya Zemlya explosions have been detected at the LASA seismic array in Montana. The precursory wave train is at least 65 sec long, and up to seven distinct and correlatable arrivals can be observed in the train. A similar investigation of E. Kazakh explosions, however, showed no evidence of precursors.
A hypothesis of scattering on reflection at the core-mantle boundary provides a qualitative explanation of the observed precursors. The source of the scattered waves cannot be established with certainty, but the simplest interpretation is that they are generated by irregularities (“bumps”) on the boundary itself. The absence of precursors from E. Kazakh explosions is at least partly explicable in terms of the lower magnitudes of these events, but could be a result also of regional variation in the scattering properties of the core-mantle boundary.
Seismic studies in central and eastern Tennessee
Authors: Sodbinow E. S. , Bollinger G. A. 
Published: September 2021

abstractSome of the seismic characteristics of Tennessee were investigated by means of a short-period surface-wave dispersion study in central Tennessee and a microearthquake survey of the eastern portion of the state.The tripartite method of phase velocity determination was applied to data from a 4-element SPZ array at the Cumberland Plateau Observatory (CPO). Seven short-period (0.5 to 1.4 sec.) surface-wave trains were analyzed. These wave trains exhibited both fundamental and first higher mode dispersion. Theoretical models, consisting of 2 or 3 layers over a half-space were developed that explain the observed dispersion. The layers, which model the surficial sediments of the region, range in total thickness from 1.6 to 2.1 km and have shear velocities from 1.70 to 3.10 km/sec.A 5-station array of portable seismographs was deployed in eastern Tennessee and 2 months of operation yielded 3000 low-noise hours of data. Eleven microearthquakes −1.3 ≦ M ≦ 1.1 were recorded during that time frame indicating that, at least for periods of several weeks, the microseismicity of eastern Tennessee can be very low.
Directivity in the high-frequency radiation of small earthquakes
Authors: Bakun W. H. , Stewart R. M. , Bufe C. G. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
On December 12, 1972 at 0351 and 0355 GMT, two earthquakes with magnitudes equal to 3.0 and 2.8, respectively, occurred on the Cienega Road section of the San Andreas fault in central California. The two events have the same hypocenter location and fault-plane soultion. Observed seismograms for these two events at 28 stations within about 65 km of and surrounding the epicenters are systematically different in a pattern that is consistent with different directions of rupture expansion for the two events. The 0351 GMT event preferentially radiated high-frequency (f ⪚ 10 Hz) body waves to the southeast consistent with unilateral rupture propagation toward the southeast while the 0355 GMT event rupture expanded more toward the northwest.
Induced seismicity at the Manic 3 reservoir, Quebec
Authors: Leblanc Gabriel , Anglin F. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Six weeks after the start of filling of the Manic 3 reservoir a long sequence of induced earthquakes began. The main shock, mbLg = 4.1, occurred on October 23, 1975, preceded by 1 month of foreshock activity and followed by more than 1,000 aftershocks in the next 4 months. After 2 years, the activity still persists, although the microshocks are substantially reduced in frequency and magnitude. Station MNQ, about 80 km from the activated source, served as an efficient monitor providing data from which increasing induced seismicity was predicted and for evaluating the subsequent activity. Two portable networks were deployed around the source, one in 1975 and the other in 1976. The activity was very shallow, with an average value of 1.5 km, and the cluster of microearthquakes spread over an area of 4 by 4 km. No systematic spatial migration was observed. The activity appeared to have been triggered by the water percolating through joint systems and along northwest oriented planes. The presence of regional stresses and local inhomogeneities, structural and lithological, are suggested as the principal causes, and not the dimensions of the reservoir and the water height.
A crust and upper mantle model for Novaya Zemlya from Rayleigh-wave dispersion data
Authors: McCowan Douglas W. , Glover Peter , Alexander Shelton S. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
We derive a shear-wave crust and upper mantle structure for the southern part of Novaya Zemlya by an application of the two-event, single-station method of Rayleigh-wave phase-velocity dispersion analysis. This method provides a means of isolating the surface-wave dispersion characteristics of a remote source region using only teleseismic recordings. The observed phase-velocity data are then systematically inverted to obtain a best-fitting model. Our preferred model has a 45-km thick crust with no shear-wave low-velocity zone in the upper mantle. It is similar to published structures for the southern Ural mountains and is therefore compatible with the premise that Novaya Zemlya is a nothern extension of the Urals.
The October 6, 1974 Acapulco earthquake: An example of the importance of short-period surface waves in strong ground motion
Authors: Hartzell Stephen H. , Brune James N. , Prince Jorge 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The Acapulco earthquake of October 6, 1974 (mb = 5.0, Ms = 4.75) resulted in 0.5 g accelerations in Acapulco at an epicentral distance of about 35 km. Extrapolation of the peak acceleration to the source region gives a near source acceleration of at least 1.0 g. If the teleseismically estimated source depth of 51 km is assumed, the Acapulco accelerogram must be interpreted as composed of primarily body waves. This assumption yields a moment estimate of 3.3 ×1023 dyne-cm and a stress drop of 1.5 kbar. However, strong evidence indicates that the source depth is only about 1.0 km and that the record is composed mainly of high frequency (1.0 to 4.0 Hz) surface waves. The character of the record is that of a normally dispersed surface wave. The relatively simple form and high acceleration may be attributed to the high rigidity, crystalline rock types in the region. The three component record is fitted by summing the fundamental and first higher mode Rayleigh and Love waves using a model consisting of a single layer over a homogeneous half-space. The results are also checked using a direct wave-number integration program developed by Apsel and Luco. The moment estimate from the surface-wave synthetics is 2.0 ×1023 dyne-cm.
Microtremor sequences and tilting in a deep mine
Authors: McGarr A. , Green R. W. E. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Foreshock-aftershock sequences of two mine tremors, of magnitudes 1.5 and 1.2 were studied using a highly-sensitive seismic array and a tiltmeter in the source regions of the tremors. The tremors occurred at a depth of about 3.2 km in a deep gold mine adjacent to the array of six geophones and within 120 m of the tiltmeter. The seismic coverage of the sequences was complete down to magnitudes of −3.5; the tilt resolution ranged from 6 × 10−8 radians to 6 × 10−7 radians at the times of the sequences. In the first hour after each event 135 to 140 micro-aftershocks were recorded with a rate of occurrence that is generally proportional to the rate of tilt, diminishing with time, t, after the mainshock according to A(1+kt), where A and k are constants.
A careful study of the records of microtremors and tilt before the main stocks revealed no indications of impending failure. Before the tremor of M = 1.5 the seismicity was at its normal ambient level of about 4 events per hour. Although the seismicity was unusually high before the event of M = 1.2 at about 30 events per hour, there was no aspect of this microshock activity suggesting that a larger tremor would follow. Similarly, analysis of the tilt records failed to produce any evidence of an instability developing before either of the tremors.
The magnitude distributions, described by Log N = a − b M, for the microshocks (−3.5 ≦ M &lt;O) are consistent with those reported previously for shocks with M ≧ O. Previous results indicating that b is stable to changes in the aseismic strain rate, θ˙, and that a = log θ˙ + K, were extended to much higher strain rates in this study.
Geodetic control and the 1927 Lompoc, California earthquake
Authors: Savage J. C. , Prescott W. H. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The distorition between 1924 and 1957 of a geodetic quadrilateral near the epicenter of the 1927 Lompoc, California earthquake provides some constraints upon the source mechanism of that earthquake. The distortion is not consistent with right-lateral slip on the Hosgri fault, but rather suggests thrust faulting on a northerly striking fault. However, the measured distorition is only marginally significant and could possibly be produced by an unidentified systematic bias.
Archeoseismology applied to the New Madrid earthquakes of 1811 to 1812
Authors: Herrmann Robert B. , Cheng Shiang-Ho , Nuttli Otto W. 
Published: September 2021

abstractRecent studies of larger eastern North America earthquakes together with seismicity and focal mechanism studies in the New Madrid seismic zone permit estimates being made of static vertical displacements associated with the 1811 to 1812 New Madrid earthquakes. A comparison of observed and theoretically predicted vertical displacements is inconclusive due to the lack of detail in the historical record and the physical characteristics of the region where the earthquakes occurred.On the other hand estimates are made of the seismic moment, fault area, and fault displacement. Given the inherent errors of the estimates, the parameters Ms, Mo, and fault area are consistent with the Kanamori and Anderson (1975) study of the interrelationship of these parameters for worldwide earthquakes. A stress drop on the order of 60 to 100 bars seems reasonable. These estimates will be useful for numerical ground motion estimation.
Vasoprotective effects hypotensive therapy in patients with coronary heart disease combined with chronic kidney disease stage 2-3 after coronary stenting
Authors: Pribylova N. N. , Yakovleva M. V. , Pribylov C. A. , Barbashina T. A. , Gavriljuk E. V. , Mal G. S. , Pribylov V. S. 
Published: September 2021

Aim To study the condition of coronary vasculature by data of coronarography (CG) in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease (IHD) and arterial hypertension (AH) associated with stage 2-4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to evaluate the effect of a 12-week complex treatment with perindopril or with a combination of perindopril/amlodipine on changes in vascular wall stiffness, endothelial function, and structure and function parameters in this patient category after coronary stenting.Material and methodsr This study included 87 patients with chronic IHD and AH associated with stage 2-3 CKD for whom CG was performed due to ineffectiveness of the antianginal therapy. The patients were divided into three subgroups: subgroup 1 included 28 patients who received a conservative treatment with perindopril 10 mg/day; subgroup 2 consisted of 25 patients who underwent coronary stenting and were prescribed perindopril; subgroup 3 consisted of 34 patients who underwent stenting and were prescribed the perindopril/amlodipine combination. The reference group included 47 patients with IHD and AH with preserved kidney function. Anatomic and functional parameters of the heart, arterial stiffness, pulse wave velocity, cardio-ankle vascular index, augmentation index, central aortic systolic and pulse pressure, endothelium-dependent vasodilation, plasma concentration of endothelin-1 (ET-1), and plasma concentration of nitric oxide metabolites were evaluated at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment.Results In patients with IHD, AH, and stage 2-3 CKD, arterial stiffness was more pronounced than in patients with preserved kidney function. Concentrations of ET-1 were significantly higher and levels of nitric oxide were lower in CKD. Supplementing the complex therapy with perindopril resulted in a considerable hypotensive effect in all subgroups, improvement of the kidney function, and positive dynamics of arterial stiffness and endothelial function. Changes in these parameters were more pronounced in patients after coronary stenting than in patients receiving only a conservative treatment. The use of perindopril/amlodipine following stenting exerted the most significant angioprotective and cardioprotective effect.Conclusion Patients with IHD and AH in combination with early CKD have pronounced impairment of the condition of arterial blood vessels and the heart. Addition of perindopril to the treatment not only exerted a hypotensive effect but also beneficially influenced mechanisms of progression of this combined pathology.
Erythrocyte membranes beta-adrenoreactivity changes after renal denervation in patients with resistant hypertension, relationship with antihypertensive and cardioprotective intervention efficacy
Authors: Zyubanova I. V. , Falkovskaya A. Yu. , Mordovin V. F. , Manukyan M. A. , Pekarskij S. E. , Lichikaki V. A. , Shalishev I. G. , Rebrova T. Yu. , Muslimova E. F. , Afanasiev S. A. 
Published: September 2021

Aim To study the functional condition of sympathoadrenal system as evaluated by beta-adrenoreactivity of erythrocyte membranes (beta-ARM) during two years following renal denervation (RD) in patients with resistant arterial hypertension (RAH) and to determine the relationship of this index with long-term antihypertensive and cardioprotective effectivity of this invasive treatment.Material and methods The study included 48 patients (mean age, 57.2±8.7 years, 18 men) with RAH on a stable antihypertensive therapy. Averaged daily systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) and levels of beta-ARM were determined at baseline and in 7 days and 2 years following RD. Measurement of beta-ARM was based on beta-adrenoblocker inhibition of erythrocyte hemolysis induced by exposure to hypo-osmotic environment. The beta-adrenoblocker binds to erythrocyte membrane beta-adrenoceptors to prevent the erythrocyte destruction. Increased values of beta-ARM reflect a decrease in the number of functionally active erythrocyte membrane beta-adrenoceptors associated with long-term sympathetic hyperactivity.Results For two years of follow-up, values of average daily BP decreased from 160.4±16.0 / 88.1±14.6 to 145.3±19.3 / 79.4±13.6 mm Hg. At 7 days, the number of beta-ARM had decreased in the group of RD responders (р=0.028) who at two years had decreased their BP by 10 mm Hg or more, while in the group of non-responders, the number of beta-ARM remained unchanged. At one week, beta-ARM values correlated with changes in SBP and DBP (r= –0.54; р<0.05) and with left ventricular myocardial mass (LVMM) (r= –0.36; р<0.05) at two years of follow-up whereas beta-ARM delta at one week was interrelated with the renin concentration in the long-term (r= –0.44; р<0.05). At two years, the content of beta-ARM was increased in both groups.Conclusion The decrease in beta-ARM content at 7 days after RD shows the procedure efficacy and allows an expectation of clinically significant decreases in BP and LVMM in the long-term after the surgical treatment. At two years after the intervention, the content of beta-ARM increased, and the BP decrease was apparently due to some other mechanisms.
Myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients is associated with the thickness of epicardial adipose tissue
Authors: Özer Savaş , Bulut Eser , Özyıldız Ali Gökhan , Peker Mustafa , Turan Oğuzhan Ekrem 
Published: September 2021

Aim High sensitive troponin (hs-TnI) levels may increase secondary to Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), and this increase is associated with cardiovascular mortality in COVID-19 patients. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is associated with myocardial injury directly as a reservoir tissue for coronavirus, and indirectly through mediators it secretes as an apocrine gland. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between myocardial injury secondary to COVID-19 infection and EAT thickness.Material and methods Thoracic computed tomography (CT) was performed in 73 consecutive patients diagnosed with COVID-19. EAT thickness and volume were calculated by two radiologists blind to the study data. We formed two groups according to hs-TnI concentrations, patients with myocardial damage (hs-TnI ≥11.6 ng / l) and without myocardial damage (hs-TnI<11.6 ng / dl).Results A total of 46 patients were women (63.0 %). The mean age was 66.4±12.3 yrs in the myocardial injury group and 55.9±9.7 yrs in the group without myocardial injury (p<0.001). There were 20 hypertensive patients (68.9 %) in the injury group, while there were 12 hypertensive patients (27.3 %) in the group without injury (p=0.001). Glucose, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, white blood cell count, neutrophil, and neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio were higher in the injury group (p<0.05, for all variables). The mean EAT thickness was 5.6±1.6 mm in the injury group, whereas it was 4.8±1.8 mm in the group without injury (p=0.031). EAT thickness of 4.85 mm and above was associated with the myocardial injury with 65 % sensitivity and 39 % specificity (AUC=0.65, 95 % CI: 0.52–078, p=0.031).Conclusion In patients with COVID-19 infection, higher rates of myocardial injury were observed as the EAT thickness increased. Epicardial adipose tissue, contributes to cytokine-mediated myocardial injury either directly or indirectly by acting as a reservoir for coronavirus. Increased EAT thickness is associated with myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients.
A study on catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of uropathogens causing CAUTI from a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rao K Archana , Vishwajith  , Sahkare Ritika , Sangeetha S  
Published: September 2021

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), remains the commonest hospital-acquired infection (HAI). This emphasizes the need to implement and monitor effective infection control programs to reduce the risk of CAUTI. Aim of the present study was to determine the etiology with antibiotic susceptibility and also to calculate CAUTI rate. The Patients admitted in intensive care unit (ICU), Rajarajeshwari Medical College and Hospital who were on urinary catheter insertion for &#62;48 hours from 1 August, 2019 to 30 September, 2019 were included in the study. Under aseptic conditions urine samples were collected from clinically suspected cases of CAUTI, the samples were processed in the department of Microbiology, as per standard protocols. Uropathogens were isolated, identified and subjected to antibiotic sensitivity test. CAUTI rate was calculated and results were noted. Among 460 patients on catheter in ICU, 28(6%) patients developed clinical signs or symptoms of UTI. Of 28 urine samples cultured, 4(14%) yielded growth of single organis [Escherichia coli (3), Klebsiella (1)] and 24(86%) showed no evidence of growth. 2300 catheter days were obtained of 460 patients on indwelling catheter in ICU. Thus CAUTI rate was 1.74 per 1000 catheter days over a 2 month period.CAUTI remained a great burden to patient safety and a challenge to the infection control team. Implementation of proper care bundles and continuous education to health care workers plays a key role in reducing the CAUTI rates, thereby decreasing the morbidity and hospital stay to the patients.
Dermatophytosis - A clinico-mycological profile in patients attending to tertiary healthcare centre- An observational study, Dewas, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Munesh Kumar , Ramanath K  , Rajput Madhurendra Singh , Navdeep  
Published: September 2021

Dermatophytosis disease was found most common disease worldwide which showed a wide prevalence in tropical country as India and it is a wide importance to know their disease etiology and their clinical presentation. Study objective approaches to determine the clinical variation in Dermatophytosis and the species of fungus isolates which responsible for the infection in this area. In our study 1520 specimens were taken from infected skin, hair and nail screened by 10%-20% KOH mount examination and used Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) medium and Sabouraud’s Dextrose Chloramphenicol and Cycloheximide (SCCA) & Dermatophyte Test Medium (DTM) for culture and incubated at 27°C. Further identification done by slide culture method and lactophenol cotton blue mount. Out of 1520 samples taken, 981(64.54%) were found KOH mount positive for fungal elements and 1076 (70.79%) were found culture positive. (21.64%) was found predominantly among other isolated species. Study was found Tinea corporis (50.39%) as common clinically. The study was highlighted with Tinea corporis being the commonest infection type with variable fungal agents and out of other fungal isolates was found a most common isolate in various clinical conditions.
Emerging cases of mucormycosis in post Covid-19 disease patients
Authors: Ahirwar Sonu S 
Published: September 2021

Mucormycosis (MC) is a serious threat in this covid-19 pandemic situation; cases of MC continue to increases as post covid-19 disease affliction in India. It is a life-threatening disease that happens due to black mold. Mucormycosis is described as a potentially lethal infection amongst immune-compromised (IC) hosts, particularly in those with diabetes, leukemia, and lymphoma. Mortality rate of MC just doubles in IC host, delayed diagnosis increase the rate of mortality. Mucormycosis is difficult to diagnose which affects outcomes and results in a poor prognosis. The main objective of the study was to detect MC in the clinical species received during or post covid-19 treatment in our laboratory.Basic microbiological methods such as gram stain and KOH smear were used for the detection of MC in the received clinical specimen and morphology was seen in the microscope. The is a cross-sectional observational study conducted in our microbiology laboratory for one month periods during May 15, 2021 to June 15, 2021 in a tertiary care hospital of central India. During study period our microbiology lab received n=35 suspected clinical specimens from N= 27 post covid-19 patients for MC diagnosis over one month period. Out of n=35 specimens, n=8 specimens (obtained from N=5 patients) were positive for MC by gram and KOH smear method and we saw filamentous fungi by conventional microscopic method. The present study concluded that the cases of life threatening MC increase day by day in central India as post complication of covid-19 disease.