bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soluble syndecan-1 and glycosaminoglycans in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnancies
Authors: Hassani Lahsinoui H. , Amraoui F. , Spijkers L. J. A. , Veenboer G. J. M. , Peters S. L. M. , van Vlies N. , Vogt L. , Ris-Stalpers C. , van den Born B. J. H. , Afink G. B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPreeclampsia, an important cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, is associated with increased sFLT1 levels and with structural and functional damage to the glycocalyx contributing to endothelial dysfunction. We investigated glycocalyx components in relation to preeclampsia in human samples. While soluble syndecan-1 and heparan sulphate were similar in plasma of preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women, dermatan sulphate was increased and keratan sulphate decreased in preeclamptic women. Dermatan sulphate was correlated with soluble syndecan-1, and inversely correlated with blood pressure and activated partial thromboplastin time. To determine if syndecan-1 was a prerequisite for the sFlt1 induced increase in blood pressure in mice we studied the effect of sFlt1 on blood pressure and vascular contractile responses in syndecan-1 deficient and wild type male mice. The classical sFlt1 induced rise in blood pressure was absent in syndecan-1 deficient mice indicating that syndecan-1 is a prerequisite for sFlt1 induced increase in blood pressure central to preeclampsia. The results show that an interplay between syndecan-1 and dermatan sulphate contributes to sFlt1 induced blood pressure elevation in pre-eclampsia.
To determine the effect of long-term antiepileptic drug on the serum folate and vitamin B12 among epileptic patients
Authors: Kathiravan M. , Kavitha S. , Shanthi R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to prevent anaemia caused on long-term phenytoin treatment among Epileptic patients. Therefore, two groups were categorised based on the duration of phenytoin namely, cases and control. The duration of Phenytoin treatment for case was > 2 years while control had < 1 year. The estimation of serum Folate and Vitamin B12 was carried out and the association between the deficiency of Vitamins with the duration of treatment were evaluated using Linear Regression Analysis. The statistical results shown that the mean value of Folate (2.61 ± 1.81) and the mean value of Vitamin B12 (284.68 ± 110.12) were considered to be low as the duration of Phenytoin treatment increases (> 2 years) compare to control with the Folate concentration of (7.01 ± 4.40) which was statistically significant (p < 0.000). The experimental results have proved that a long-term phenytoin treatment significantly affects the concentration of Folate and Vitamin B12 among the Epileptic patients vigorously.
Metabolic labeling with an alkyne probe reveals similarities and differences in the prenylomes of several brain-derived cell lines and primary cells
Authors: Suazo Kiall F. , Jeong Angela , Ahmadi Mina , Brown Caroline , Qu Wenhui , Li Ling , Distefano Mark D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractProtein prenylation involves the attachment of one or two isoprenoid group(s) onto cysteine residues positioned near the C-terminus. This modification is essential for many signal transduction processes. In this work, the use of the probe C15AlkOPP for metabolic labeling and identification of prenylated proteins in a variety of cell lines and primary cells is explored. Using a single isoprenoid analogue, 78 prenylated protein groups from the three classes of prenylation substrates were identified including three novel prenylation substrates in a single experiment. Applying this method to three brain-related cell lines including neurons, microglia, and astrocytes showed substantial overlap (25%) in the prenylated proteins identified. In addition, some unique prenylated proteins were identified in each type. Eight proteins were observed exclusively in neurons, five were observed exclusively in astrocytes and three were observed exclusively in microglia, suggesting their unique roles in these cells. Furthermore, inhibition of farnesylation in primary astrocytes revealed the differential responses of farnesylated proteins to an FTI. Importantly, these results provide a list of 19 prenylated proteins common to all the cell lines studied here that can be monitored using the C15AlkOPP probe as well as a number of proteins that were observed in only certain cell lines. Taken together, these results suggest that this chemical proteomic approach should be useful in monitoring the levels and exploring the underlying role(s) of prenylated proteins in various diseases.
Bi-directional association between allergic rhinitis and diabetes mellitus from the national representative data of South Korea
Authors: Lee Tae Kyung , Jeon Ye Jin , Jung Sun Jae 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAllergic rhinitis (AR) and diabetes mellitus (DM) share a common cause in inflammation; however, potential relationships between them are not clear. Therefore, we aimed to explore the associations between AR and DM. In this cross-sectional study, data were extracted from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2018 and weighted based on sociodemographic characters. AR and DM were defined by diagnoses thereof. Since self-reporting was not perfect, in order to complement the validity, we additionally performed sensitivity analysis by defining DM according to HbA1c and medication history. After excluding invalid data, the number of final participants was 29,246 (mean age, 54.95 ± 14.27 years). We calculated the odds ratio (OR) of newly self-reported DM among AR patients without DM history by multivariable logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders. A reverse association was also assessed. Patients with AR showed lower ORs for DM than those without AR (OR, 95% CI: men, 0.28, 0.19–0.42; women, 0.33, 0.24–0.46). Similarly, DM patients showed lower ORs for AR than patients without DM (men, 0.41, 0.31–0.56; women, 0.34, 0.25–0.46). The same results were obtained in sensitivity analysis defining DM according to HbA1c levels or DM treatment and in stratification analysis for age, residency, comorbidity, BMI, and menopause. In conclusion, we discovered that AR and DM show mutual inverse associations, regardless of sex, in individuals aged 30 years and older.
Cross-modal motion aftereffects transfer between vision and touch in early deaf adults
Authors: Xiao Kunchen , Gao Yi , Imran Syed Asif , Chowdhury Shahida , Commuri Sesh , Jiang Fang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPrevious research on early deafness has primarily focused on the behavioral and neural changes in the intact visual and tactile modalities. However, how early deafness changes the interplay of these two modalities is not well understood. In the current study, we investigated the effect of auditory deprivation on visuo-tactile interaction by measuring the cross-modal motion aftereffect. Consistent with previous findings, motion aftereffect transferred between vision and touch in a bidirectional manner in hearing participants. However, for deaf participants, the cross-modal transfer occurred only in the tactile-to-visual direction but not in the visual-to-tactile direction. This unidirectional cross-modal motion aftereffect found in the deaf participants could not be explained by unisensory motion aftereffect or discrimination threshold. The results suggest a reduced visual influence on tactile motion perception in early deaf individuals.
Lipid profiling of mouse intestinal organoids for studying APC mutations
Authors: Jukes Zoë , Freier Anne , Glymenaki Maria , Brown Richard , Parry Lee , Want Elizabeth , Vorkas Panagiotis A. , Li Jia V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Inactivating mutations including both germline and somatic mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene drives most familial and sporadic colorectal cancers. Understanding the metabolic implications of this mutation will aid to establish its wider impact on cellular behaviour and potentially inform clinical decisions. However, to date, alterations in lipid metabolism induced by APC mutations remain unclear. Intestinal organoids have gained widespread popularity in studying colorectal cancer and chemotherapies, because their 3D structure more accurately mimics an in vivo environment. Here, we aimed to investigate intra-cellular lipid disturbances induced by APC gene mutations in intestinal organoids using a reversed-phase ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (RP-UHPLC-MS)-based lipid profiling method. Lipids of the organoids grown from either wild-type (WT) or mice with APC mutations (Lgr5–EGFP-IRES-CreERT2Apcfl/fl) were extracted and analysed using RP-UHPLC-MS. Levels of phospholipids (e.g. PC(16:0/16:0), PC(18:1/20:0), PC(38:0), PC(18:1/22:1)), ceramides (e.g. Cer(d18:0/22:0), Cer(d42:0), Cer(d18:1/24:1)) and hexosylceramides (e.g. HexCer(d18:1/16:0), HexCer(d18:1/22:0)) were higher in Apcfl/fl organoids, whereas levels of sphingomyelins (e.g. SM(d18:1/14:0), SM(d18:1/16:0)) were lower compared with WT. These observations indicate that cellular metabolism of sphingomyelin was up-regulated, resulting in the cellular accumulation of ceramides and production of HexCer due to the absence of Apcfl/fl in the organoids. Our observations demonstrated lipid profiling of organoids and provided an enhanced insight into the effects of the APC mutations on lipid metabolism, making for a valuable addition to screening options of the organoid lipidome.
Low‐complexity demapping algorithm for two‐dimensional non‐uniform constellations in ATSC 3.0
Authors: Liu Yu‐Sun , Chien Chih‐Hao , You Shingchern D. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) finalized its next‐generation digital terrestrial broadcast standard in 2016, known as ATSC 3.0. In order to enhance spectral efficiency, the standard employs two‐dimensional non‐uniform constellations (2D‐NUCs) for signal mapping. As a result, a 2D demapper, with computational complexity much higher than one‐dimensional (1D) demappers, has to be designed for the receiver. In this paper, a suboptimal low‐complexity 2D‐demapping method is proposed for ATSC 3.0. The proposed method takes advantage of the 2D‐NUC's feature that constellation points with same most significant bits tend to locate in the same subregion. Simulation results show that compared with the conventional Max‐Log‐MAP 2D demapping, the proposed method achieves at least complexity reduction with negligible performance loss. Moreover, compared with another 2D demapper specially designed for ATSC 3.0, the proposed method dispenses with high‐complexity exponential and logarithmic operations at a small performance cost of at most 0.14 dB.
Characterization of base station deployment distribution and coverage in heterogeneous networks
Authors: Zhang Hui , Feng Liang , Zheng Tianyu , Sung Dan Keun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractConsidering different types of base stations (BSs) in future cellular networks are overlapping deployment with the status of dense, multi‐tier and heterogeneous in general, how to optimize the real BS deployment becomes a complicated problem. Based on it, repulsive BS dataset and clustering BS dataset are statically characterized with various types of spatial point processes. It shows that the improvement of coverage probability between 1‐tier and 2‐tier network fluctuates as the signal‐to‐interference ratio (SIR) threshold increases for different datasets. The authors' proposed hybrid model fits well with repulsive BS dataset, while the log‐Gaussian Cox point process (LGCP) and Cauchy model are reasonable models for clustering BS dataset. Besides, in order to dynamically analyze the coverage problem affected by adding new BSs, a cell boundary constructed by an irregular circle is introduced under an equal SIR constraint, and a BS placement scheme is proposed to place new BSs at the points of minimum interference. Numerical results show that the coverage probability may increase after adding BSs in the target area of heterogeneous network by using the proposed scheme. However, as the density of femto BS reaches a certain value, its coverage may remain unchanged even after adding more femto BSs.
Entropy information‐based heterogeneous deep selective fused features using deep convolutional neural network for sketch recognition
Authors: Hayat Shaukat , Kun She , Shahzad Sara , Suwansrikham Parinya , Mateen Muhammad , Yu Yao 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAn effective feature representation can boost recognition tasks in the sketch domain. Due to an abstract and diverse structure of the sketch relatively with a natural image, it is complex to generate a discriminative features representation for sketch recognition. Accordingly, this article presents a novel scheme for sketch recognition. It generates a discriminative features representation as a result of integrating asymmetry essential information from deep features. This information is kept as an original feature‐vector space for making a final decision. Specifically, five different well‐known pre‐trained deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs), namely, AlexNet, VGGNet‐19, Inception V3, Xception, and InceptionResNetV2 are fine‐tuned and utilised for feature extraction. First, the high‐level deep layers of the networks were used to get multi‐features hierarchy from sketch images. Second, an entropy‐based neighbourhood component analysis was employed to optimise the fusion of features in order of rank from multiple different layers of various deep networks. Finally, the ranked features vector space was fed into the support vector machine (SVM) classifier for sketch classification outcomes. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated on two different sketch datasets such as TU‐Berlin and Sketchy for classification and retrieval tasks. Experimental outcomes demonstrate that the proposed scheme brings substantial improvement over human recognition accuracy and other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.
A Schottky diode and FET‐paralleled analogue predistorter for 5G small‐cell base stations
Authors: Huang Li , Xu Gaoming , Huang Jifu , Liu Taijun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis letter presents an analogue predistorter (APD) named Schottky diode (SD) and field effect transistor (FET)‐paralleled APD (SDFP‐APD) for the fifth‐generation (5G) mobile system, which is composed of an FET paralleled with two SDs. The simulation results show that the SDFP‐APD has the best compression compensation for the radio frequency power amplifier (RFPA) among the SD‐APD, the FET‐APD and the SDFP‐APD. Furthermore, the measurement results illustrate that the SDFP‐APD can improve the adjacent channel leakage ratio of the RFPA with the best linearisation performance among the three APDs and reduce the error vector magnitude while applying a 100‐MHz bandwidth 5G new radio signal. The proposed SDPF‐APD can be a promising linearisation technique for 5G small‐cell base stations.
Efficient field‐programmable gate array‐based reconfigurable accelerator for deep convolution neural network
Authors: Hu Xianghong , Chen Taosheng , Huang Hongmin , Liu Zihao , Li Xueming , Xiong Xiaoming 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDeep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) have been widely applied in various modern artificial intelligence (AI) applications. DCNN's inference is a process with high calculation costs, which usually requires billions of multiply‐accumulate operations. On mobile platforms such as embedded systems or robotics, an efficient implementation of DCNNs is significant. However, most previous field‐programmable gate array‐based works on accelerators for DCNNs just support one DCNN or just support convolution layers. In order to address this limitation, this work proposes a reconfigurable accelerator. The accelerator is flexible and can support multiple DCNNs and different layer types, such as convolution, pooling, activation function, and full connection layers. It is equipped with a five‐level pipeline convolution engine whose main component is two processing element arrays. Furthermore, a design space exploration method is proposed to make full advantage of the proposed accelerator. This accelerator is implemented with the ZYNQ‐7 ZC706 evaluation board and achieves a high performance of 53.29 Giga operations per second (GOPS) on AlexNet and 45.09 GOPS on YOLOv2‐tiny at 100 MHz. Further performance of the accelerator is compared with the previous works, and it achieves multiple advantages: High performance, high configurability, and efficient resource utilisation.
Interference‐to‐noise ratio estimation in long‐term evolution passive radar based on cyclic auto‐correlation
Authors: Wang Haitao , Lyu Xiaoyong , Zhong Liping 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis letter considers the interference‐to‐noise ratio (INR) estimation problem in long‐term evolution (LTE)‐based passive bistatic radar. The INR is of great importance in the evaluation of interference level, the prediction of the target detection capability and the target parameter estimation. Traditional passive radar uses the cross‐correlation function between the reference and surveillance signals to estimate the INR. This is not applicable to LTE‐based passive radar due to the uncorrelation between the interference and reference signals in LTE‐based passive radar. In this letter, we propose a cyclic auto‐correlation method to estimate the INR. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Numerical prediction and measurement of pressure drop and heat transfer in a water‐cooled hollow‐shaft rotor for a traction motor application
Authors: Gai Yaohui , Ma Chenwei , Xu Yongming , Chong Yew Chuang 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis article addresses the rotating effect on the pressure loss and heat transfer coefficient (HTC) of a hollow‐shaft rotor cooling system for an automotive traction motor. Firstly, a numerical model based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was established to fully understand the mechanism of rotational flow patterns. Experiments were then performed to measure and compare heat exchange and pressure loss between rotating and stationary conditions with the assistance of an analytical thermal model. Finally, trends of pressure drop and HTC at various rotational rates were explained in detail. Based on CFD simulations and experimental prototype testing, two opposite effects: boosting or diminishing on pressure drop and heat transfer due to rotation have been identified. Moreover, the rotation can significantly improve the overall HTC and pressure loss of an axial turbulent flow. As a result, a significant drop in terms of rotor temperature is identified for an automotive traction motor when such a rotor cooling system is implemented.
Flexible controls to reduce DC voltage deviations in multi‐terminal DC grids
Authors: Wu Guihong , Du Zhengchun , Zhao Yangyang , Li Guiyuan 
Published: February 2021

AbstractVarious disturbances in voltage source converter based high‐voltage, multi‐terminal DC grids will significantly cause DC voltage deviations when the classical voltage droop control is adopted. The unsatisfactory voltage deviations weaken the voltage regulation ability and increase the risk of instability. Two flexible controls at the top of the classical voltage droop control to reduce voltage deviations are proposed, and the power–voltage (P–V) curves of the classical voltage droop control are translated co‐ordinately. Firstly, a global DC voltage oscillation damping control designed based on the Lyapunov theory is proposed for transient voltage deviations. Secondly, a constant weighted voltage control is designed for reducing steady weighted voltage deviations. The steady active power injections keep almost unchanged under proposed controls, consistent with those under only the classical voltage droop control. The stability influence and the power flow impact are carried out to evaluate the proposed controls theoretically. Tests are conducted on a multi‐terminal DC grid with five‐terminal voltage source converters. Simulation results show the proposed controls' effectiveness and superiority under various fault conditions, including both the outage of a constant power voltage source converter and a droop voltage source converter.
Decoupling of high‐density, dual‐polarized, cross‐dipole arrays using broadband low‐profile composite isolator
Authors: Xiong Dong , Sun Xiaoshuai , Mu Dongmei , Li Mei , Tang Ming‐Chun 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA low‐profile composite isolator (CI) for the decoupling of broadband, high‐density, dual‐polarized cross‐dipole arrays is introduced and investigated. The CI is composed of periodically resonant strips and a metallic wall, which are etched on both sides of a thin dielectric‐slab and vertically placed above the ground plane. The collaboration between the strips and the wall empowers the CI's broadband operation performance characteristics with low profile (0.16 λ0) and ultra‐thin thickness (0.0045 λ0). A two‐element cross‐dipole array loaded with CI is fabricated and tested to verify its decoupling effect. The two ±45°dual‐polarized cross‐dipole elements with impedance bandwidth of 45% (ranging from 1.7 to 2.7 GHz) are built with centre‐to‐centre distance of 0.45 λ0 (λ0 corresponds to free space wavelength at 1.7 GHz). The measured results, in good agreement with the simulation values, indicated that, after loading CI, the array witnessed 10 dB co‐polarized and 5 dB cross‐polarized isolation improvements while maintaining stable radiation patterns over the entire operational band, without increasing the overall array height.
A simple method for estimating the effectiveness of reactive power‐based low‐voltage ride‐through support of the distributed energy resources
Authors: Swandaru Akbar , Rotaru Mihai D. , Sykulski Jan K. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe increasing number of distributed energy resources (DERs) leads to the need for DER that can provide ancillary service, such as low‐voltage ride‐through (LVRT) voltage support. The support is made to improve the short‐term voltage stability in power systems. Recently, DER LVRT voltage support through reactive power regulation are becoming common. Designing LVRT voltage support is highly influenced by the accuracy of the modelling and the data needed. However, in some cases, the required modelling can challenge the computational complexity, effort, and required data. Nevertheless, modelling the systems through an oversimplification may result in inaccuracies and hypothetical solution. Thus, the best compromise between model accuracy and simplicity will alleviate the problem. The study presents a methodology for estimating the effectiveness of the support. Unlike the commonly computer‐assisted approach, such as the dynamic RMS simulation, the benefit of the methodology is on the computing process, which is much simpler since the dynamic DER modelling work is not needed, and the evaluation of the effectiveness can be achieved even when the grid information is incomplete. Its accuracy is validated against typical RMS simulation results obtained using PowerFactory DIgsilent software for well‐characterised networks.