bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The institutional foundations of surf break governance in Atlantic Europe
Authors: Rode Martin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe sport of surfing is best enjoyed with one rider on one wave, but crowding makes that optimal assignment increasingly hard to attain. This study examines the phenomenon of surf localism, whereby competitors are excluded from waves by intimidation and the threat of violence. An alternative way to accommodate crowds is contained in the surfer’s code, which sets informal rules and self-enforced regulations to avoid conflict in the water. Both regimes establish property rights over common pool resources with no state intervention, creating a setting wherein users face the question of cooperation or conflict. The disposition to cooperate and follow norms has been shown to vary substantially across different cultures, though. Employing data from over seven hundred surf spots on the European Atlantic coast, this study reports evidence that certain informal cultural norms significantly reduce the probability of violent exclusion, while formal state institutions mostly are irrelevant. The results also indicate that informal norms become more important with greater resource quality and, possibly, with increasing scarcity.
Reconstruction of the Sunspot Number Source Database and the 1947 Zurich Discontinuity
Authors: Clette Frédéric , Lefèvre Laure , Bechet Sabrina , Ramelli Renzo , Cagnotti Marco 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe recalibration of the sunspot number series, the primary long-term record of the solar cycle, requires the recovery of the entire collection of raw sunspot counts collected by the Zurich Observatory for the production of this index between 1849 and 1980.Here, we report about the major progresses accomplished recently in the construction of this global digital sunspot number database, and we derive global statistics of all the individual observers and professional observatories who provided sunspot data over more than 130 years.First, we can announce the full recovery of long-lost source-data tables covering the last 34 years between 1945 and 1979, and we describe the unique information available in those tables. We then also retrace the evolution of the core observing team in Zurich and of the auxiliary stations. In 1947, we find a major disruption in the composition of both the Zurich team and the international network of auxiliary stations.This sharp transition is unique in the history of the Zurich Observatory and coincides with the main scale-jump found in the original Zurich sunspot number series, the so-called “Waldmeier” jump. This adds key historical evidence explaining why methodological changes introduced progressively in the early 20th century could play a role precisely at that time. We conclude on the remaining steps needed to fully complete this new sunspot data resource.
A Metropolis-class sampler for targets with non-convex support
Authors: Moriarty John , Vogrinc Jure , Zocca Alessandro 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe aim to improve upon the exploration of the general-purpose random walk Metropolis algorithm when the target has non-convex support$$A\subset {\mathbb {R}}^d$$A⊂Rd, by reusing proposals in$$A^c$$Acwhich would otherwise be rejected. The algorithm is Metropolis-class and under standard conditions the chain satisfies a strong law of large numbers and central limit theorem. Theoretical and numerical evidence of improved performance relative to random walk Metropolis are provided. Issues of implementation are discussed and numerical examples, including applications to global optimisation and rare event sampling, are presented.
Master regulator NtrC controls the utilization of alternative nitrogen sources in Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501
Authors: Yang Zhimin , Li Qin , Yan Yongliang , Ke Xiubin , Han Yueyue , Wu Shaoyu , Lv Fanyang , Shao Yahui , Jiang Shanshan , Lin Min , Zhang Yunhua , Zhan Yuhua 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPseudomonas stutzeri A1501 is a model strain used to study associative nitrogen fixation, and it possesses the nitrogen regulatory NtrC protein in the core genome. Nitrogen sources represent one of the important factors affecting the efficiency of biological nitrogen fixation in the natural environment. However, the regulation of NtrC during nitrogen metabolism in P. stutzeri A1501 has not been clarified. In this work, a phenotypic analysis of the ntrC mutant characterized the roles of NtrC in nitrogen metabolism and the oxidative stress response of P. stutzeri A1501. To systematically identify NtrC-controlled gene expression, RNA-seq was performed to further analyse the gene expression differences between the wild-type strain and the ∆ntrC mutant under nitrogen fixation conditions. A total of 1431 genes were found to be significantly altered by ntrC deletion, among which 147 associative genes had NtrC-binding sites, and the pathways for nitrogen fixation regulation, nitrogenous compound acquisition and catabolism and nitrate assimilation were discussed. Furthermore, the oxidative stress-related gene (katB), which was upregulated by ntrC deletion, was suggested to be a potential target gene of NtrC, thus highlighting the importance of NtrC in nitrogenase protection against oxygen damage. Based on these findings, we propose that NtrC is a high-ranking element in the regulatory network of P. stutzeri A1501 that controls a variety of nitrogen metabolic and oxidative stress responsive traits required for adaptation to complex rhizosphere environments.
Online Power Control and Optimization for Energy Harvesting Communication System Based on State of Charge
Authors: Guo Jing , Zhang Xu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the online power control problem for energy harvesting wireless communication system with a finite storage capacity battery is addressed, where the channel state and energy harvesting rate are both unknown. A low complexity algorithm based online convex optimization is proposed to guarantee energy availability of energy harvesting node and maximize average long-term throughput. The proposed algorithm restricts maximum transmission power with the information of state of charge, and allocates transmission power based on historical information. In addition, energy availability constraint is given by rigorous theoretical analysis to guarantee the optimization of average long-term throughput. Simulations have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm without considering probability distribution of energy arrival or channel coefficients. The proposed algorithm outperforms counterparts in different energy harvested rates.
Epigenetic clock and DNA methylation analysis of porcine models of aging and obesity
Authors: Schachtschneider Kyle M. , Schook Lawrence B. , Meudt Jennifer J. , Shanmuganayagam Dhanansayan , Zoller Joseph A. , Haghani Amin , Li Caesar Z. , Zhang Joshua , Yang Andrew , Raj Ken , Horvath Steve 
Published: September 2021

AbstractDNA-methylation profiles have been used successfully to develop highly accurate biomarkers of age, epigenetic clocks, for many species. Using a custom methylation array, we generated DNA methylation data from n = 238 porcine tissues including blood, bladder, frontal cortex, kidney, liver, and lung, from domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) and minipigs (Wisconsin Miniature Swine™). Samples used in this study originated from Large White X Landrace crossbred pigs, Large White X Minnesota minipig crossbred pigs, and Wisconsin Miniature Swine™. We present 4 epigenetic clocks for pigs that are distinguished by their compatibility with tissue type (pan-tissue and blood clock) and species (pig and human). Two dual-species human-pig pan-tissue clocks accurately measure chronological age and relative age, respectively. We also characterized CpGs that differ between minipigs and domestic pigs. Strikingly, several genes implicated by our epigenetic studies of minipig status overlap with genes (ADCY3, TFAP2B, SKOR1, and GPR61) implicated by genetic studies of body mass index in humans. In addition, CpGs with different levels of methylation between the two pig breeds were identified proximal to genes involved in blood LDL levels and cholesterol synthesis, of particular interest given the minipig’s increased susceptibility to cardiovascular disease compared to domestic pigs. Thus, breed-specific differences of domestic and minipigs may potentially help to identify biological mechanisms underlying weight gain and aging-associated diseases. Our porcine clocks are expected to be useful for elucidating the role of epigenetics in aging and obesity, and the testing of anti-aging interventions.
Zukunftserwartungen der Österreicher*innen während der Coronakrise
Authors: Prandner Dimitri , Moosbrugger Robert 
Published: September 2021

ZusammenfassungWas kommt nach der Coronakrise? Die Forschungsnotiz befasst sich mit den Zukunftserwartungen der Österreicher*innen während der ersten Phase der Coronapandemie. Die Daten des Austrian Corona Panel Project zeigen, dass die Zukunftserwartung für Österreich und die Erwartungen an die eigene Zukunft stark divergieren. Während mehr als 60 % Prozent der Befragten glauben, dass sich die Situation in Österreich verschlechtern wird, gehen nur 26 % von einer Verschlechterung ihrer eigenen Lebensumstände in den nächsten Jahren aus.Anhand von Einschätzungen der Befragten zu den drei von Anhut und Heitmeyer postulierten Krisenzuständen – Struktur, Regulation, Kohäsion – lässt sich veranschaulichen, dass Vertrauen in die gesellschaftlichen Institutionen ein wesentlicher Indikator dafür ist, wie optimistisch oder pessimistisch die Menschen in Österreich ihre eigene und die gesellschaftliche Zukunft beurteilen. Darüber hinaus ist es die Wahrnehmung bestehender materieller Ungleichheiten, welche sowohl die Einschätzung der Entwicklung der persönlichen, aber auch der Lebensumstände in Österreich bestimmt. Zudem sind diejenigen, die der Politik und dem öffentlichen Leben Relevanz zusprechen, pessimistischer, wenn es um die Zukunft des Landes geht.
Connected care for endocarditis and heart failure patients: a hospital-at-home programme
Authors: van Ramshorst J. , Duffels M. , de Boer S. P. M , Bos-Schaap A. , Drexhage O. , Walburg S. , de Beij J. , van der Stoop D. , Umans V. A. W. M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Healthcare expenditure in the Netherlands is increasing at such a rate that currently 1 in 7 employees are working in healthcare/curative care. Future increases in healthcare spending will be restricted, given that 10% of the country’s gross domestic product is spent on healthcare and the fact that there is a workforce shortage. Dutch healthcare consists of a curative sector (mostly hospitals) and nursing care at home. The two entities have separate national budgets (€25 bn + €20 bn respectively)

Aim
In a proof of concept, we explored a new hospital-at-home model combining hospital cure and nursing home care budgets. This study tests the feasibility of (1) providing hospital care at home, (2) combining financial budgets, (3) increasing workforces by combining teams and (4) improving perspectives and increasing patient and staff satisfaction.

Results
We tested the feasibility of combining the budgets of a teaching hospital and home care group for cardiology. The budgets were sufficient to hire three nurse practitioners who were trained to work together with 12 home care cardiovascular nurses to provide care in a hospital-at-home setting, including intravenous treatment. Subsequently, the hospital-at-home programme for endocarditis and heart failure treatment was developed and a virtual ward was built within the e‑patient record.

Conclusion
The current model demonstrates a proof of concept for a hospital-at-home programme providing hospital-level curative care at home by merging hospital and home care nursing staff and budgets. From the clinical perspective, ambulatory intravenous antibiotic and diuretic treatment at home was effective in safely achieving a reduced length of stay of 847 days in endocarditis patients and 201 days in heart-failure-at-home patients. We call for further studies to facilitate combined home care and hospital cure budgets in cardiology to confirm this concept.
Roman lead ingots from Macedonia—the Augustan shipwreck of Comacchio (prov. Ferrara, Italy) and the reinterpretation of its lead ingots’ provenance deduced from lead isotope analysis
Authors: Bode Michael , Hanel Norbert , Rothenhöfer Peter 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA shipwreck of the 3rd/2nd decade BC found near Comacchio (prov. Ferrara, Italy) in 1980 contained not only well-preserved technical equipment and commercial goods but also 102 Roman lead ingots. Since then, the origin of the ingots has been intensively discussed. Domergue et al. (2012) connected the epigraphic elements with lead isotope analyses and favored the southeastern Spanish lead ore mines being the source of the lead metal. An origin from the Balkan region (Illyricum) was favored by Dušanić (2008). Due to our investigations, both assumptions cannot be maintained. We present a new interpretation of the lead’s isotope signature which best match data of ore deposits from Chalkidiki, Thasos island, and Pangaion mountains in the northern Aegean region.
Acceptance of and satisfaction with online educational classes through the technology acceptance model (TAM): the COVID-19 situation in Korea
Authors: Han Jee-Hoon , Sa Hye Ji 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study examines the current state of acceptance of online classes using the technology acceptance model. The background of the study is the turning point in Korean education in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and speculation about changes in the post-COVID educational environment. To measure the acceptance rate of online classes, a survey was conducted on a total of 313 university students taking online classes. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results of the study are as follows: First, the perceived ease of use of online classes showed a positive effect on perceived usefulness. Second, both the perceived ease of use and usefulness of online classes showed a positive effect on educational satisfaction. Third, both the perceived usefulness and satisfaction showed a positive effect on the acceptance intention of online education. However, the perceived ease of use did not have a positive effect on acceptance intention. These results suggest that satisfaction with online education can be further improved by developing online classes that are easy to use, focusing on the features that are frequently used by university students. In addition, universities should continuously provide training and advice to increase students’ perceived usefulness of online classes.
Development of Educational Print Materials for Physical Activity in Cancer: Evaluation of Readability and Suitability
Authors: Avancini Alice , Benato Giulia , Tregnago Daniela , Trestini Ilaria , Milella Michele , Lanza Massimo , Pilotto Sara 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEducational health materials may be important tools to increase physical activity in cancer patients. Nevertheless, most of the available resources regarding physical activity for cancer patients were found not suitable, had a low grade of readability, and thus, represent a significant barrier to behavior change. To date, little data about development criteria and evaluation of physical activity resources for cancer before their spread exist. The purposes of this study were (i) to describe the development of a physical activity guidebook designed for cancer patients and (ii) to test its readability and suitability. The guidebook was developed through multi-step passages, including group discussions, a literature review, identification of a motivational theory, and using previous research on exercise preferences, barriers, and facilitators to target the information. Two validated formulae were used to assess the readability, whereas thirty-four judges completed the Suitability of Assessment Materials questionnaire to evaluate the suitability of the guidebook. The guidebook was found readable for patients having at least a primary education, and the judges scored it as “superior” material. Our guidebook, following a rigorous method in the development phase, was considered to be suitable and readable. Further evaluations through clinical trials could investigate its effectiveness for behavior change and its impact on cancer patients.
Trending approaches on demulsification of crude oil in the petroleum industry
Authors: Alao Kehinde Temitope , Alara Oluwaseun Ruth , Abdurahman Nour Hamid 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe complicated nature of crude oil emulsions is part of the major setbacks associated with the postulation of methods for phase separation and demulsification in the oil industry. Despite the increasing efforts in generating efficient and dependable demulsification methods, the majority of emulsions cannot be shattered in reduced times. This review examines the trending techniques of crude oil demulsification in the petroleum industry. Several approaches have been examined to discover the best method of demulsification. Hence, this reports reviewed the past studies on the emulsion, formation of oil emulsions, methods of demulsification, characteristics of demulsifier, mechanism of demulsification, kinetics in demulsification, operating parameters influencing the demulsification processes, the structure of demulsifier, and formulations that are involved in the demulsification. The formulations of crude oil demulsification have been investigated to unveil adequate demulsifiers for crude oil. Therefore, demulsification approaches have several applications due to wider varieties of crude oil, separation equipment, brines, chemical demulsifiers, the method in which demulsifiers is been formulated, and product specifications.
Importance of mitigation measures for hospital transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at the onset of the epidemic: the experience of Brescia, Northern Italy
Authors: Marchese Valentina , Formenti Beatrice , Cola Gloria , Gregori Natalia , Albini Elisa , De Palma Giuseppe , Possenti Irene , Scala Marco , Castelli Francesco , Matteelli Alberto 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Since the first Italian case of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in Lombardy (Northern Italy) Italy quickly became one of the worst-affected European countries, with a severe impact on health-care workers (HCWs). In the first epidemic, HCWs accounted for 12% of all national COVID-19 cases. We evaluated the burden of COVID-19 among HCWs and other non-health-care workers (nHCWs) in a large Italian hospital.

Methods
From March 1st to May 31st 2020, we performed a retrospective study at ASST Civil Hospital, in the Province of Brescia, Lombardy. The study population included all hospital personnel (n = 9265), categorized by professional status.

Results
A SARS-CoV-2 test was performed in 3572 workers (38.5%), with a positive result in 552 (5.9% of all hospital personnel). The temporal trend of SARS-CoV-2 cases in hospital staff broadly reflected that in the community, with a great majority of infections occurred during March 2020 (87.7%). From April onward, a steep decrease of positive cases was observed among hospital personnel, while in the community the decrease was much slower. Medical doctors (8.9%) and nurses (8.5%) were the most affected professional categories with a significantly higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR 1.436 and OR 1.410, respectively p < 0.0001). HCWs in COVID-19 units presented a significantly higher risk of infection compared to HCWs in non-COVID units (p < 0.001).

Conclusion
HCWs were severely affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, probably associated with an overwhelming burden of work and lack of preparedness in prevention of nosocomial transmission of the infection. The rapid decrease of COVID-19 spread in the hospital, registered before the one in the community, suggests that the adopted preventive measures were effective.
Simulation-based usability testing of some tracking controllers for underactuated underwater vehicles using simplified criteria
Authors: Herman Przemyslaw 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for the preliminary verification of known control algorithms designed for tracking the desired trajectory of underactuated underwater vehicles. It is based on simplified criteria for the selection of suitable controllers. Moreover, a certain method for the selection of controller parameters is indicated, which can be effective in the initial analysis of the suitability of selected control schemes. In order to demonstrate the possible application of the described approach, several control strategies known from the literature were selected and numerical tests for them were performed for two 3 DOF models of underwater vehicles with different dynamics. The method given here can be useful for simulation studies at the stage of controller selection without its experimental validation.
Numerical study on butterfly wings around inclusion based on damage evolution and semi-analytical method
Authors: Zhou Ye , Zhu Caichao , Chen Xiaojin , Ye Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractButterfly wings are closely related to the premature failure of rolling element bearings. In this study, butterfly formation is investigated using the developed semi-analytical three-dimensional (3D) contact model incorporating inclusion and material property degradation. The 3D elastic field introduced by inhomogeneous inclusion is solved by using numerical approaches, which include the equivalent inclusion method (EIM) and the conjugate gradient method (CGM). The accumulation of fatigue damage surrounding inclusions is described using continuum damage mechanics. The coupling between the development of the damaged zone and the stress field is considered. The effects of the inclusion properties on the contact status and butterfly formation are discussed in detail. The model provides a potential method for quantifying material defects and fatigue behavior in terms of the deterioration of material properties.
Efficient circuit design for content-addressable memory in quantum-dot cellular automata technology
Authors: Enayati Mohammad , Rezai Abdalhossein , Karimi Asghar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractQuantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) technology is a kind of nanotechnology utilized for building computational circuits. It can be a good technology for overcome CMOS drawbacks at nano-scale due to its low delay and area. The Content-Addressable Memory (CAM) is a very fast memory that can perform search operations in a very short time. This feature makes the relative popularity of these memories and many applications for them, especially in network routing and processors. In this study, a novel loop-based circuit is designed for the QCA memory unit, which reduces area, cell count, latency, and cost. The obtained results using QCADesigner tool version 2.0.3 demonstrate that the designed QCA memory unit utilizes 16 cells, 0.01 µm2 area, and 0.25 clock cycles and has a reduction of 33% in the number of cells, 50% in area, 50% in latency, and 75% in cost compared to existing works. Then, this memory unit is utilized to design an efficient structure for CAM circuit. The results show that the developed structure for CAM circuit has 0.75 clock cycles, 32 cells, and 0.03 µm2 area, and it has a reduction of 20% in the number of cells, 25% in area, 40% in latency, and 75% in cost compared to existing works.