bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial segregation in a sexually dimorphic central place forager: Competitive exclusion or niche divergence?
Authors: Orgeret Florian , Reisinger Ryan R. , Carpenter‐Kling Tegan , Keys Danielle Z. , Corbeau Alexandre , Bost Charles‐André , Weimerskirch Henri , Pistorius Pierre A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Sexual competition is increasingly recognized as an important selective pressure driving species distributions. However, few studies have investigated the relative importance of interpopulation versus intrapopulation competition in relation to habitat availability and selection.

To explain spatial segregation between sexes that often occurs in non‐territorial and central place foragers, such as seabirds, two hypotheses are commonly used. The ‘competitive exclusion’ hypothesis states that dominant individuals should exclude subordinate individuals through direct competition, whereas the ‘niche divergence’ hypothesis states that segregation occurs due to past competition and habitat specialization.

We tested these hypotheses in two populations of an extreme wide‐ranging and sexually dimorphic seabird, investigating the relative role of intrapopulation and interpopulation competition in influencing sex‐specific distribution and habitat preferences.

Using GPS loggers, we tracked 192 wandering albatrosses Diomedea exulans during four consecutive years (2016–2019), from two neighbouring populations in the Southern Ocean (Prince Edward and Crozet archipelagos). We simulated pseudo‐tracks to create a null spatial distribution and used Kernel Density Estimates (KDE) and Resource Selection Functions (RSF) to distinguish the relative importance of within‐ versus between‐population competition.

Kernel Density Estimates showed that only intrapopulation sexual segregation was significant for each monitoring year, and that tracks between the two colonies resulted in greater overlap than expected from the null distribution, especially for the females. RSF confirmed these results and highlighted key at‐sea foraging areas, even if the estimated of at‐sea densities were extremely low. These differences in selected areas between sites and sexes were, however, associated with high interannual variability in habitat preferences, with no clear specific preferences per site and sex.

Our results suggest that even with low at‐sea population densities, historic intrapopulation competition in wide‐ranging seabirds may have led to sexual dimorphism and niche specialization, favouring the ‘niche divergence’ hypothesis. In this study, we provide a protocol to study competition within as well as between populations of central place foragers. This is relevant for understanding their distribution patterns and population regulation, which could potentially improve management of threatened populations.
Moderate endurance training reduced hepatic tumourigenesis associated with lower lactate overload compared to high‐intensity interval training
Authors: Cao Lu , Zhang Xue , Ji Benlong , Ding Shuzhe , Qi Zhengtang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe anti‐tumour effects of exercise are still poorly understood. In recent years, high‐intensity interval exercise has been recognised as one of the best choices for better health. However, high‐intensity interval exercise induces lactate production in muscles and elevates blood lactic acid levels, and the resulting acidic microenvironment may promote tumour progression. Therefore, it is important to compare the anti‐tumour effects of different types of exercise.ObjectiveIn this study, we aimed to compare the anti‐tumour effects of moderate endurance training and high‐intensity interval training on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced liver tumours and to explore the underlying mechanisms.MethodsThree‐week‒old male C57BL/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with DEN for 10 weeks to induce hepatocellular carcinoma. DEN‐treated mice were grouped and subjected to moderate endurance training (MET) or high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) for 18 weeks. We performed real‐time PCR to evaluate the mRNA expressions of key enzymes involved in lactate metabolism pathway and western blotting to examine the protein expressions of LDHA, AMPK/P‐AMPK, PCK1, and G6Pase in the paracancerous liver tissue. We performed high‐performance liquid mass spectrometry (HPLC) to detect lactate in liver.ResultsOur results revealed that compared with HIIT, MET decreased hepatic tumour incidence, as HIIT increased blood lactate concentration at rest. Moreover, MET reduced the transcript‐level expression of LDH subunit and significantly increased the mRNA levels of COX1 and ND1 in liver. However, no significant changes were observed in liver lactate levels and the expression of LDHA among the groups. In addition, no significant differences in the mRNA levels of critical enzymes involved in the gluconeogenesis pathway in liver were observed among the groups. Additionally, no significant differences were observed in the mRNA levels of MPC2, pdha2, and pdk4 among the groups.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that MET may be more efficient than HIIT at reducing hepatic tumourigenesis, and that it is associated with improved mitochondrial function in liver and lower lactate load in the circulation at rest.
Family Female Directors versus Non‐family Female Directors: Effects on Firm Value and Dividend Payouts in an Extreme Institutional Environment
Authors: Herdhayinta Heyvon , Lau James , Shen Carl Hsin‐han 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBy differentiating between family and non‐family female directors, this study aims to reconcile the prior mixed evidence on the effect of board gender diversity, especially when a company operates in a weak institutional environment. We argue that female directors are not homogenous. Drawing upon the socioemotional wealth perspective, this study proposes that family and non‐family female directors would display different behaviour when fulfilling their duty as monitoring managers. By analysing boards of directors in Indonesia from 2012 to 2018, we show that only non‐family female directors significantly enhance firm value and advocate dividend payouts. Our results indicate that non‐family female directors are more effective than family female directors at monitoring the management and protecting the interests of minority shareholders. This study echoes the call of integrating institutional contexts and differentiating different types of female directors when analysing the effects of gender diversity.
The Rise of New Boroughs and the Decline of Electoral Localism: The Evolving Composition of the House of Commons, 1386–1558*
Authors: Payling S.J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe period between the ‘Wonderful Parliament’ of 1386 and the parliament ended by Queen Mary's death in 1558 saw major changes in the composition of the Commons. From the mid 15th century, there was a new and accelerating expansion in the number of seats. Yet, although these new seats extended representation geographically, the Commons, conceived as a group of individual MPs, did not thereby become more geographically representative. The expansion of numbers was matched by an erosion of the historic link between representation and locality so extensive as to change the character of the Commons. From the late 14th century, local merchants and tradesmen progressively gave place, as representatives of the smaller boroughs, to men whose horizons extended beyond the local and, in many cases, whose principal locality, as lawyers or government officials, was Westminster. This significantly improved the corporate standing of the Commons but, on the assumption that the connections of MPs outside the House determined their conduct within it, diminished their independence from the crown. As the principle of local representation came to be increasingly flouted, it became easier for royal servants to find seats, even without any contentious electoral engineering on the part of royal government, and they did so in increasing numbers.
Standing Orders and Precedents in the Irish House of Commons in the 17th and 18th Centuries
Authors: McKee Glenn 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examines two parts of the procedural framework of the Irish house of commons in the 17th and 18th centuries. In contrast to the Westminster house of commons, precedents and standing orders played a less prominent part in the operation of the Irish House. The article examines how the Irish house of commons used and made precedents and standing orders. In the 17th century the House not only looked to its own precedents but also to Westminster procedures, which exercised a strong pull. Westminster procedures were imported as rules and orders. By the end of the century the House effectively did not use its own precedents as a source for its constitutional claims. From 1695 to 1715 standing orders were used by the Irish house of commons as one method to secure new privileges as a representative body, to assert its claims, especially to the control of finance, and to regulate and improve its integrity and efficiency of operation. The stimulus and conduit for change were a growing print culture, the shared political alignment of politics in Westminster and Dublin and contacts between politicians and parliamentary officials. Standing orders allowed Westminster practices to be adopted silently under the cloak of ‘the constitution of parliament’, possibly to protect and enhance emerging ‘patriot’ sensibilities. After 1715 the pace of change slowed and the Dublin House diverged from Westminster in its approach to standing orders. Members assumed that these lasted no longer than a parliament and required revival. The Irish house of commons established neither a definitive compendium nor authoritative arbiter of its rules. Westminster standing orders and manuals exercised a major, even predominant influence, but were used à la carte, and interpretation of procedural rules was often through debate, some of which was muddled, and application was determined by those who could command a majority.
‘State Whiggs, but such Bigotted Church Toryes’: The Irish Toleration Act of 1719 and the Politics of Religion*
Authors: Ingram Robert G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article examines the origins and implications of the Irish Toleration Act of 1719. It makes three related arguments. First, it highlights what Britons during the early 18th century thought religious toleration was meant to achieve and to whom and under what circumstances religious toleration might be extended. Second, it demonstrates the steady desacralisation of post‐revolutionary British politics, even in a country like Ireland so obviously riven along confessional lines. Finally, it contends that both the arguments for and against the Irish Toleration Act illustrate that the established churches in the composite post‐revolutionary British state were functionally civil religions.
Leaps and Light Shows: Visual Politics in the Edwardian Mass Press, 1900–10
Authors: Shoop‐Worrall Christopher 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis article will explore the ways in which the ‘new dailies’, the Mail, Express and Mirror, used visual content to report on the four general elections that occurred between their emergence during the early 20th century and the outbreak of global war in 1914. Existing scholarship has explored how these founders of the ‘tabloid century’ became prominent components of British culture, but little exists of their pre‐Great War political significance. The article contends that the visual content of these newspapers represented a vibrant and important new form of mass political communication and an important part of the broader mass political culture of the period. Their coverage of election light shows, and cartoon election ‘races’, evoked much of their better‐known ‘human‐interest’ news content which had made them so commercially successful. Drawing on recent work of the popular political culture of the period, the article further contends that these newspapers’ visual political news also contributed to, and drew influence from, the wider mass culture of pre‐Great War Britain in order to articulate political news in ways which were exciting and accessible to their millions of readers. The new dailies therefore helped to democratise political news through entertaining visual connections to British popular culture, which appealed successfully to mass lower‐class readerships historically overlooked by traditional methods of political newspaper reporting and better included them within the vibrant, visual political culture of pre‐war Britain.
Astro‐Environmentalism: Towards a Polycentric Governance of Space Debris
Authors: Morin Jean‐Frédéric , Richard Benjamin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe Earth’s orbital space is increasingly threatened by debris. It is frequently described as a common‐pool resource vulnerable to a ‘tragedy of the commons’ scenario. Scholars have suggested ambitious policy proposals to tackle the tragedy of space debris and assure the sustainability of the Earth’s orbits. Their proposals can be classified into three categories: hierarchical regulations, economic incentives and property rights. All three categories require some form of central coordination. However, there might be an alternative approach to the problem and other potential solutions. Elinor Ostrom suggested that decentralized, polycentric systems are appropriate for governing common‐pool resources. Anecdotal evidence suggests that a polycentric form of governance can encourage a more sustainable use of the Earth’s orbits.
Nursing interventions for patients with COVID‐19: A medical record review and nursing interventions classification study
Authors: Asghari Elnaz , Archibald Mandy , Roshangar Fariborz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPurposeTo describe the nursing interventions provided to patients with COVID‐19 using the Nursing Interventions Classification.MethodThis is a retrospective study involving the review of 1,344 patient records of adults admitted to a specialty hospital for COVID‐19 in Tabriz, Iran. The nursing intervention was used to classify documented nursing care and interventions provided to COVID‐19–positive patients from February 20 to August 20, 2020. Data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS16.FindingsThe 10 most frequently documented nursing interventions across in‐patient (ward) and intensive care unit (ICU) contexts included Admission Care (7310), Environmental Management (6486), Health Education (5510), Infection Protection (6550), Medication Administration (2300), Positioning (0840), Respiratory Monitoring (3350), Vital Signs Monitoring (6680), Nausea Management (1450), and Diarrhea Management (0460). No records of distraction, relaxation techniques, or massage for anxiety reduction were documented.ConclusionThis study used a common language to describe nursing interventions for patients with COVID‐19 admitted to a tertiary hospital.Implications for nursing practiceThe most commonly identified nursing interventions for COVID‐19 identified in this study provide evidence‐based insight into nurses’ scope of practice in the COVID‐19 in‐patient context.
Induction of labour from 39 weeks in low‐risk multiparas with ripe cervixes: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Tan Peng Chiong , Othman Aida , Win Sandar Tin , Hong Jesrine Gek Shan , Elias Nurezwana , Omar Siti Zawiah 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundInduction of labour (IOL) in low‐risk nulliparas at 39 weeks reduces caesarean delivery. Multiparas with ripe cervixes typically have vaginal delivery within eight hours. Delivery at night and weekend are associated with higher maternal and neonatal mortality.AimsTo evaluate IOL in full‐term multiparas with ripe cervixes to achieve delivery at normal working hours and improve maternal satisfaction.MethodsA randomised trial was performed in a tertiary hospital in Malaysia. Low‐risk multiparas with ripe cervixes (Bishop score ≥6) were recruited at 38+4–40+0 weeks, then randomised to planned labour induction at 39+0 weeks or expectant care. Primary outcomes were delivery during ‘normal working hours’ 09:00–17:00 hours, Monday–Friday and patient satisfaction by visual numerical rating scale.ResultsFor IOL (n = 80) vs expectant care (n = 80) arms respectively, primary outcomes of delivery at normal working hours was 27/80 (34%) vs 29/78 (37%), relative risk (RR) 0.9, 95% CI 0.5–1.7, P = 0.41, patient satisfaction was 8.0 ± 1.8 vs 7.8 ± 1.6, P = 0.41; presentation for spontaneous labour or rupture of membranes were 27/80 (34%) vs 70/79 (89%), RR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3–0.5, P < 0.001; and for labour induction 52/80 (65%) vs 15/79 (19%), RR 3.4, 95% CI 2.1–5.5, P < 0.001. Caesarean delivery was 8/80 (10%) vs 4/79 (5%), RR 2.0, 95% CI 0.62–6.3, P = 0.25; and mean birthweight was 3.1 ± 0.3 vs 3.3 ± 0.4 kg, P = 0.06 for IOL vs expectant care, respectively.ConclusionLabour induction in low‐risk multiparas does not increase births during working hours or improve patient satisfaction. Antenatal clinic visits and non‐birth hospitalisation were significantly reduced.
National guidelines recommend rotavirus vaccination to inpatient preterm infants
Authors: Schollin Ask Lina , Wingren Lisen , Storsaeter Jann 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe aim was to perform a literature search of the latest evidence of administration of dose 1 of rotavirus vaccine to children admitted in neonatal intensive care or special care unit settings.MethodsThe literature search focused on the outcome of serious adverse events of rotavirus vaccination in vaccinated children and on possible symptomatic infection in controls and in unvaccinated children via transmission of the vaccine virus in the same ward. Results and guidelines were discussed with a working group selected from the national advisory group of child health. Also, a survey to neonatal care units in Sweden was sent out due to the subject.ResultsAdministration of rotavirus vaccine is safe for age‐eligible preterm children and unvaccinated children in the same ward. A satisfactory immune response has been shown, and basic hygiene routines are enough. Also, hospitalised age‐eligible children with paediatric surgical conditions should be considered the rotavirus vaccine.ConclusionThe Swedish Public Health Agency recommends that preterm infants as well as children who are admitted for other reasons in the neonatal ward be vaccinated with dose 1 against rotavirus infection when hospitalised and when age eligible.
The impact of livestock grazing and canopy gaps on species pool and functional diversity of ground flora in the Caspian beech forests of Iran
Authors: Shakeri Zahed , Simberloff Daniel , Bernhardt‐Römermann Markus , Eckstein Rolf Lutz 
Published: June 2021

AbstractQuestionsLivestock grazing is an important disturbance in many forest ecosystems. While several studies have addressed the general impact of different grazing and light intensities on temperate forest ecosystems, little is known about how the combination of these two factors can affect the species pool and functional diversity of temperate forests.LocationOriental beech forests of northern Iran.MethodsVegetation and environmental data of 104 relevés were collected. These were assigned to four groups based on their light and grazing intensities. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling was used to analyze vegetation compositional relationships among groups. We used nine functional traits related to growth, reproduction, and survival for a total of 147 plant species. Redundancy analysis of community‐weighted means was used to determine the response of single traits to disturbance and environmental variables. Generalized additive models were applied to examine the shape of the response pattern of community‐weighted mean trait values across the grazing and light intensity gradients. Functional richness and functional divergence indices were used to analyze functional diversity–disturbance relationships.ResultsBoth light and grazing intensities significantly affected species pools, single traits, and functional divergence. Suites of trait attributes including hemicryptophytes, therophytes, grass‐like, hygromorphic leaves, insect‐pollinated, rhizomes, and runner plants were associated with high‐light sites. In closed‐canopy sites the strong filtering effect of shade resulted in suites of trait attributes including taller plants, macrophanerophytes, scleromorphic leaves, simple leaves, and berry fruits. While high‐light sites had a larger species pool, they exhibited less functional diversity. Cattle grazing can mediate the filtering effect of light and increase functional diversity in both low‐light and high‐light sites.ConclusionConservation measures in this region should acknowledge that moderate traditional cattle grazing combined with individual‐tree and group‐tree selection in these forests may maintain or even enhance functional diversity in these valuable ecosystems.
Ethical behavior perceptions in Russia: Do ethics‐related programs and individual characteristics matter?
Authors: Ermasova Natalia , Ermasova Polina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to analyze how individual differences and ethics‐related programs predict Russian business students and working adults' perception of personal business ethics. This research evaluates the business ethics perceptions based on surveys of 1,207 managers, employees, and business students in Russia. This study finds the significant correlations between individual differences (gender, age, education level, and management experience), ethics‐related programs (business ethics courses taught in universities, ethics and diversity professional development training), and personal business ethics' perceptions of Russian business students and working adults. We also find that individual differences moderate the relationship between ethics‐related programs and how the personal business ethics of Russian business students and working adults are perceived. These findings advance current literature by revealing that age moderates the relationship between ethics‐related programs (formal ethic courses, ethics, and diversity trainings) and personal ethical behavior perceptions of working adults and business students in Russia. Our study found that gender had a significant positive moderating effect on relationship of organizational code of ethics, formal ethic courses, and diversity professional development with personal ethical behavior perceptions. The relation between personal ethical behavior perceptions and the presence of an organizational code of ethics was negative and marginally moderated by age and managerial experience. This study contributes to business ethics research by deepening the understanding of the impact of individual differences on the relationship between ethics‐related programs and personal business ethics' perceptions.