bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seborrheic Dermatitis of Infants: Treatment with Biotin Injections for the Nursing Mother
Authors: Nisenson Aaron 
Published: December 2021

Four cases of extensive seborrheic dermatitis or Leiner's disease are presented which dramatically improved after the nursing mother was given injections of biotin.
The relationship between seborrheic dermatitis in infants and biotin deficiency is discussed and the literature reviewed. From this review it appears that breast milk is deficient in biotin in comparison to cow's milk. The deficiency is further aggravated by poor maternal nutrition. Infection and diarrhea in the infant may also contribute to low blood levels of biotin.
On the basis of this limited experience, injections of biotin to the nursing mother appear to be a useful treatment for the breast-fed infant with extensive seborrheic dermatitis.
SINGLE INJECTION CLEARANCE IN CHILDREN
Authors: Sakai Tadasu , Leumann Ernst P. , Holliday Malcolm A. 
Published: December 2021

The renal clearance of sodium iothalamate I125 after a single intravenous dose of 10 to 25 µCi was calculated from the plasma disappearance curve. The endogenous creatinine clearance was compared with these results. Thirty-eight studies in 35 pediatric patients with all levels of renal function were performed. Eight studies were excluded because of grossly incomplete urine collection, and 5 studies were not analyzed further because of very low glomerular filtration rate. The correlation between both methods in the 21 studies was good (Ccreat = 0.91 x Csi + 4.9, r = 0.91). It was significantly better in the nine patients with a serum creatinine of 0.7 mg/100 ml or more (Ccreat = 1.01 x Csi — 1.2, r = 0.97) than in the 16 patients with a serum creatinine of 0.6 mg/100 ml or less (Ccreat = 0.82 x Csi + 11.5, r = 0.84). In the latter group, the accuracy of the serum creatinine determination was often poor, and even variations of ± 0.1 mg/100 ml could lead to a gross error in the calculation of the clearance.
In four patients, the clearance was obtained by external counting and agreed well with the clearance calculated from the plasma samples.
The single injection clearance is especially indicated in children (1) when no adequate urine collection is obtainable, (2) at low serum creatinine concentrations, and (3) in outpatients.
SORANUS (A.D. 98-138) OF EPHESUS' FINGERNAIL METHOD OF TESTING THE QUALITY OF BREAST MILK—A CLINICAL TEST WIDELY USED FOR ALMOST 20 CENTURIES
Authors: C. T. E. 
Published: December 2021

Soranus seems to be the first writer to mention the method of testing the breast milk by the behavior of the drop of milk placed on one's fingernail.1 This test continued in use at least until 1827, a period of approximately 2,000 years.
Thomas Phaire, who in 1545 wrote the first book in English on children's diseases, describes the test in almost the same words as in Soranus' original description:
That mylke is goode that is whyte and sweete; and when ye droppe it on your nayle and do move your finger, neyther fleteth abrod . . nor will hange faste upon our naile, when ye turne it downeward, that whyche is betwene bothe is beste.2
As late as 1827 Johannes Wendt in outlining the qualities one should look for in the ideal wet nurse also mentions Soranus' nail-test:
A bluish-white rather than tenacious [breast] milk, which dropped upon the thumb-nail flows off not too quicky. - - .3
Vincristine Therapy in an Infant With Probable Hepatoblastoma
Authors: Lascari André D. 
Published: December 2021

A 4-month-old infant with a diffuse hepatoblastoma was treated over a 2-year period with vincristine. After this period, no evidence of tumor could be found at laparotomy or in the biopsy speciments.
The excellent response of this patient justifies further evaluation of vincristine in the treatment of this tumor.
An Accessory Lobe of Lung in a Newborn
Authors: Klein Zolton L. 
Published: December 2021

A lower accessory lobe is an extremely uncommon anomaly, which probably arises during embryonic life by separation of a part of the primitive pulmonary anlage from the remainder of the lung. However, this unusual cause of respiratory distress in the infant should be considered in differential diagnosis; if present, as in the case reported, it should be treated by surgical removal.
[See pdf for the Figure]
III. COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF MARIJUANA AND ALCOHOL ON SIMULATED DRIVING PERFORMANCE
Authors: Crancer A. , Dille J. D. , Delay J. C. , Wallace J. C. , Haykin M. D. 
Published: December 2021

The authors studied simulated driving performance of a group of adults who were experienced marijuana smokers, familiar with the effects of alcohol, who were licensed motor vehicle operators, and were engaged in educational or vocational pursuit.
Simulated driving performance was studied in a darkened chamber with the subjects at the controls of a driver-training simulator containing control and instrument equipment relevant to driving, and facing a screen upon which a test film was projected. The effects of marijuana (two cigarettes totalling 1.7 gm over a 30-minute period) , alcohol to 0.10% blood concentration (about 6 oz 86-proof liquor for a 120 lb subject), and no treatment were compared.
DEVELOPMENTAL TESTING OF PRE-TERM AND SMALL-FOR-DATE INFANTS
Authors: Parmelee Arthur H. , Schulte Franz J. 
Published: December 2021

Twenty-five full-term, newborn infants and 22 small-for-date infants born at term had comparable nerve conduction velocities and were considered to be of equal neurological maturity. Twenty-six pre-term infants equal in weight to the small-for-date infants had significantly slower nerve conduction velocities and were considered on this basis more immature at birth than the term and small-for-date infants. All of these infants were given Gesell developmental tests at approximately 40 weeks of age by an examiner with no knowledge of their neonatal condition. The objective was to determine to what degree performance later in infancy is dependent on neurological maturity at birth.
The full-term infants and the small-for-date infants performed at their age level with average developmental quotients of 99 and 96, respectively. The pre-term infants performed at less than their age from birth with an average D.Q. of 88; but, when their age was corrected for weeks of prematurity, the average D.Q. was 99. These findings substantiate the concept that performance on the Gesell schedules is dependent on time from conception rather than time from birth. Preterm infants should have their age determined from their expected date of birth for purposes of calculating a developmental quotient.
THE PHARMACOLOGIST'S DILEMMA: WHEN IS A DRUG SAFE FOR GENERAL CONSUMPTION?
Authors: Dews Peter B. 
Published: December 2021

The inclusion of marijuana with heroin under the Harrison Narcotic Act, and in the criminal codes of most states, was never based on pharmacological evidence. Heroin can cause a rapid development of tolerance and physical dependence. The routine of securing and injecting regular doses becomes preemptive. The normal physiological and social factors governing conduct tend to be replaced by the heroin habit, constituting what may be called malignant addiction. Marijuana does not cause malignant addiction.
By the standards applied to therapeutic agents, marijuana is also a safe drug. Like heroin, it seems to be free from direct toxic effects to parenchymatous organs—liver, lung, kidney, bone marrow, and so on.
AUTOMOTIVE RESTRAINT DEVICES FOR THE PEDIATRIC PATIENT
Authors: Burg Frederic D. , Douglass John M. , Diamond Eugene , Siegel Arnold W. 
Published: December 2021

Last year 6,300 children under 15 years of age died in motor vehicle accidents. This number would have been reduced if all children and infants had been properly restrained. The purpose of this paper is to give information and suggestions to help enable the practicing physician to understand what restraining devices to prescribe.
It is recommended that children from birth to the time they are 12 lb in weight be transported in a rear seat bassinet or car bed held in place by front and rear seat safety belts. The bassinet should be parallel to the long axis of the car, with the infant in a feet-forward position. Children from 12 to 24 lb should be placed in a properly constructed rear seat safety harness. Children from 24 to 48 lb should be placed in a rear seat, shield-type system. Children weighing more than 50 lb should use the adult lap belt, and, when their height exceeds 55 in., the adult shoulder harness should also be used.
The physician is in a position to be effective in prescribing the proper device.
FRESH APPROACHES TO PROSPECTIVE STUDIES OF HIGH RISK INFANTS
Authors: Drillien C. M. 
Published: December 2021

The widespread development of special care and premature units is providing an added stimulus to neonatologists and their colleagues to embark on prospective studies of the later development of high risk infants. Indeed, it is only thus that one can judge the efficacy of new techniques in postnatal care made possible by concentrating numbers of such infants in special units.
Since low birth weight is associated with a higher incidence of handicap than any other commonly occurring perinatal complication, low birth weight infants have been and continue to be the most popular subjects for long-term study. The reports by Eaves,et al.1 and Parmelee and Schulte in this issue are current examples.
THE ACQUISITION OF DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY FOLLOWING ATTENUATED MUMPS VIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Horowitz Sheldon D. , Nagatani Michael S. , Bowen George S. , Holloway Ada W. , St. Geme Joseph W. 
Published: December 2021

The ability of live attenuated mumps virus to induce delayed hypersensitivity and humoral antibody was studied in a prospective fashion. Thirty-five children between 15 months and 5 years of age with no history of overt mumps in the past received the attenuated virus subcutaneously. At the beginning of the study there was complete correlation between delayed hypersensitivity and neutralizing antibody in 83% of the children (26 skin-test negative and seronegative, 3 skin-test positive and seropositive).
In the group initially seronegative and skin-test negative, 88% developed mumps neutralizing antibody following attenuated virus infection, and 91% of these seroresponsive children developed a positive mumps skin test. Therefore, a positive mumps skin test can serve as a simple marker for vaccine-induced immunologic response. Application of the mumps virus and avian placebo antigens simultaneously is necessary for meaningful interpretation of the mumps skin test.
Two patients developed delayed hypersensitivity following vaccination without developing detectable humoral antibody. The possible significance and explanation of this partial, dissociated immunologic response is discussed.
CHEMORECEPTOR REFLEXES IN THE NEWBORN INFANT: EFFECT OF CO2 ON THE VENTILATORY RESPONSE TO HYPOXIA
Authors: Brady June P. , Dunn P. M. 
Published: December 2021

In the newborn infant, hypoxia has an initial stimulant but secondary depressant effect on breathing. To find out whether CO2 would augment this response, eight healthy term infants (6 hr to 11 days) were made hypoxic (Pao2, 60 mm Hg) at three different CO2 levels on 13 occasions. Ventilation was unaffected by 0.2% CO2 in air (Pao2, 110 mm Hg) and increased 6% with 0.2% CO2 plus hypoxia; with 2.3% CO2 there was a 43% increase in breathing at a Pao2 of 110 mm Hg and a 52% increase with hypoxia; with 4.4% CO2 there was a 151% increase at a Pao2 of 110 mm Hg and a 179% increase with hypoxia. This additional hyperventilation was poorly sustained, except in the 11-day-old infant, and breathing tended to decrease during the second and third minutes of hypoxia.
In six additional infants, a small but significant decrease in capillary pH occurred with 4.4% CO2 plus hypoxia.
Our findings suggest that CO2 does augment the initial stimulant effect of hypoxia in the newborn infant, but this is not sustained. The failure to maintain hyperventilation with hypoxia conveys no apparent benefit to the newborn infant.
CHLORPROPAMIDE TREATMENT OF DIABETES INSIPIDUS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Vallet H. L. , Prasad M. , Goldbloom Richard B. 
Published: December 2021

Oral chlorpropamide therapy was assessed in 10 children with pitressin-sensitive diabetes insipidus. A significant increase in urine osmolality occurred in eight of nine children studied pre- and post-treatment, with concomitant reduction in urine output and free water clearance. Mean 24-hour urine output during control periods was 5,410 ml (range, 3,000 to 12,000 ml). On chlorpropamide therapy, mean output fell to 2,790 ml (range, 1,200 to 5,500 ml). Complete withdrawal of intramuscular pitressin therapy was possible in 9 of the 10 patients, and these children have now been maintained on chlorpropamide alone for periods of up to 12 months.
The principal complication of therapy was symptomatic hypoglycemia, which occurred in half the patients studied during the early phases of treatment. However, it was possible to eliminate this problem by reducing the dose of chlorpropamide while retaining sufficient antidiuretic effect to permit reasonable control of water balance. Current evidence suggests that the antidiuretic action of chlorpropamide may be due to enhancement of the sensitivity of the renal tubule to small amounts of vasopressin.
For many, though not all, children with pitressin-sensitive diabetes insipidus, chlorpropamide is a fairly effective therapeutic agent. It is readily accepted by the patients in preference to frequent intramuscular injections of pitressin.
Intra-abdominal Hemorrhage Complicating a Balloon Atrial Septostomy for Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Ehmke D. A. , Durnin Robert E. , Lauer Ronald M. 
Published: December 2021

In 1966, Rashkind and Miller1 described a non-surgical technique for palliation of transposition of the great arteries by using a balloon-tipped intracardiac catheter to create an atrial septal defect. This method has been frequently employed, as reported by several
[see pdf for the Figure]
authors2,3. The purpose of this report is to describe a patient with intra-abdominal hemorrhage as a complication of this procedure.
Case Report
A 2-week-old male infant was seen at The University of Iowa Hospitals with the chief complaint of intermittent cyanosis since birth. Physical examination, electrocardiogram, and chest x-ray were compatible with the clinical diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries.
Parathyroids in Sudden Death in Infancy: Further Evidence of Normality
Authors: Valdes-Dapena Marie 
Published: December 2021

With regard to the article of Ellis and Knight on the parathyroids in sudden death in infancy, I should like to record the fact that our own investigation of the subject was delivered in the form of a preliminary report in February 1969, at The Second International Conference on Sudden Death in Infancy, Eastsound, Washington.
Our data can be summarized. There were 85 infants who died suddenly and whose deaths were not explained at autopsy, and 50 control infants of similar age whose deaths were adequately explained at autopsy.
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Breslow Lester 
Published: December 2021

We asked Dr. Breslow to comment. He wrote:
I am pleased that the papers by Dr. Yankauer and myself have stimulated a thoughtful response.
In response to the question which Dr. Marks addresses to me, I am not certain how we will finally induce physicians to go where they are most needed. An essential feature of any such "inducement," however, would probably be an opportunity to practice good medicine with reasonable and secure income.
The recent rapid and continuing changes in the attitudes of medical students and young physicians make it difficult to estimate how long they will "sustain their ideals."
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Hillman E. S. 
Published: December 2021

We also asked Dr. Elizabeth Hillman, because of her association with the energetic McGill Student Health Organization in Montreal. She writes:
Dr. Mark's concern is a common one, but surely we can deal with the students' disinterest in the non-ivory tower pursuits by making them equally exciting if we really honestly believe they are exciting. We can't pretend. Personally, I do believe delivery of pediatric care can be rewarding and exciting, but only if one can keep experimenting with new methods; paramedical help, different kinds of groups, questionnaires, pre-registrations, programmed learning for parents, visual aids, team approaches to problems, and so on.
ADOLESCENT ENURESIS: A UROLOGIC STUDY
Authors: Murphy Solbritt , Chapman Warren 
Published: December 2021

Twenty-seven adolescent enuretics without known major organic pathology were submitted to urological investigation. Seventy-five percent of those with completed evaluations showed some form of organic abnormality. Urethral strictures and stenoses were the most common type of pathology found.
Physicians seeing these patients should be aware of the foregoing and obtain a minimum of a cystourethrogram and intravenous pyelogram on each patient as well as the more routine physical examination. The cystourethrogram was the most productive examination in terms of numbers, although some of the more major pathology was found on intravenous pyelograms.
CARE OF THE CRITICALLY ILL CHILD: MAJOR BURNS
Authors: Herrin John T. , Crawford John D. 
Published: December 2021

Burns are the third most important cause of accidental death in childhood, outranked only by automobile casualties and drownings1. In the United States 12,000 deaths occur annually, but over the same period 2,000,000 patients are hospitalized for burns2. Among these, a very large numher of children must undergo prolonged, painful, and restrictive hospitalization from which they emerge with scars to both body and personality profoundly affecting their social and emotional development.
The tragedy is that the great majority of burn injuries are preventable. In the toddler stage the most common accident occurs when the youngster reaches up and pulls on a pot handle at the front of the stove, resulting in a scald of the extended arm, shoulder, and chest. With the advent of summer, burns from the outdoor barbecue become epidemic. These are flash flame burns of face, hands, arms, and chest, usually in boys, that follow explosive ignition of the outdoor fire on which the victim has poured gasoline, kerosene, or other highly flammable starter fluid. The pant-leg burn is prevalent during the autumn when the burning of leaves is common. At all seasons one encounters burns, principally of the chest when the loose, frilly nightdresses of young girls ignite from too close proximity with the open fire, gas range, or candelabrum. Mandatory treatment of cloth with fire retardants could greatly reduce the incidence of these injuries at a negligible cost. As early as possible children should be taught never to run should their clothing ignite but rather to fall to the ground and smother the fire by rolling.
Detection of Glass in Soft Tissue by X-ray
Authors: Felman Alvin H. , Fisher Mary S. 
Published: December 2021

The widely held concept that glass must contain lead or other heavy metals to be seen radiographically is invalid; all glass, regardless Fig. 1. Fragment of unknown type of glass. Removed surgically. of type or lead content, is radiopaque and should be visible on a properly exposed and positioned radiograph. By varying the position and obliquity of the part to be x-rayed, the glass fragment may be thrown free of overlying structures. It is apparent that the chances of demonstrating glass on a radiograph will depend to some extent on the relative size of the fragment to that of the part examined, but the density of any fragment should be sufficient to differentiate it from surrounding tissue. In the usual clinical situation wherein one must decide on the presence or absence of glass in soft tissue, a properly positioned and exposed radiograph should provide the answer.
see pdf for figures
Letter To The Editor
Authors: Hughes Gerald E. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Gerald Hughes commented as follows:
I can share Dr. Guttman's feeling of amazement on finding the floral arrangements, since kindly touches of this sort are becoming quite rare. However, humiliation and disgust seem rather strong reactions to a gesture which could as well have been motivated by an expression of hospitality as by a desire to keep the product before the doctor. I would hope not to be so unfeeling as to hold all such gestures suspect.
Reduction of Phytohemagglutinin.— Induced Lymphocyte Transformation in Patients with Measles
Authors: Kadowaki Jun-ichi , Nihira Makoto , Nakao Thru 
Published: December 2021

Fireman, et al. noted in your journal that administration of live attenuated measles (rubeola) vaccine temporarily suppressed the recipients' cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity and the in vitro transformation of their lymphocytes by specific antigens. Lymphocyte transformation by the non-specific mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was not suppressed. We have also observed that PHA-induced transformation was not suppressed in the lymphocytes of 30 subjects given attenuated measles vaccine.
We have studied the relationship between chromosomal aberrations and viral infections since 1967 and have found that lymphocyte blastic transformation rate (BTR) and absolute mitotic cell number (MCN) decrease transiently during the course of measles.
PLACENTAL CLEARANCE AND FETAL OXYGENATION
Authors: Battaglia Frederick C. 
Published: December 2021

The flow-limited clearance of 3H2O or antipyrine has been used to define a maximum clearance across the sheep and rhesus monkey placentas. This has served as a reference point for comparison of rates of transfer of other solutes. In addition, these studies have shown that the sheep placenta functions as a concurrent flow system, emphasizing the importance of uterine venous concentrations in interpreting changes in umbilical venous blood.
A description of preparations is provided which permit repeated measurements of fetal and total uterine oxygen consumptions. These preparations have been used to study the effect of maternal hyperoxia, acute exposure to high altitude, and fetal exchange transfusions upon fetal oxygenation.
C AUTOSOMAL TRISOMY WITH MOSAICISM: A NEW SYNDROME?
Authors: Eys Jan van , Nance Walter E. , Engel Eric 
Published: December 2021

The presence of a C trisomy with euploid mosaicism was observed in the blood and marrow cells of a 2-month-old boy. The autosomal nature of the supernumerary chromosome was inferred from the absence of sex chromatin bodies, the lack of "drumstick" appendages on polymorphs, and a failure to identify a late-replicating member among the submedian chromosomes of aneuploid cells which were studied by autoradiography.
Malformations included an asymmetrical head, corneal opacity, abnormal ears, tapered fingers with joint limitations, anomalies of the right kidney, and a probable congenital heart defect. Analysis of amino acid excretion revealed a high renal clearance for proline, hydroxyproline, and glycine. The patient's condition has been compared to seven other patients with a C trisomy, five of which had euploid mosaicism. Certain recurrent findings, such as normal stature, advanced bone age, skeletal anomalies, particularly of the ribs and vertebrae, narrow pelvis, joint limitations, finger retractions, and hypertonicity, were noted. Therefore, it is possible that a rare trisomy for a C autosome exists which may be responsible for a definite syndrome.