bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Methane on the Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate via Carbonation Process
Authors: M. Lahuri H , H. Berahim N , S. Onn M , G.M. Noh M , Othman R 
Published: March 2021

Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) is synthetic calcium carbonate that has high purity of more than 98 wt% of CaCO3 content. Â Owing to its unique characteristic whereby its shape and size can be controlled to tailor to various applications, PCC has seen great demands in many industries such as paper, paint, plastic, food, ceramics, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and many others. Â PCC can be synthesized via various methods and the most often used method in industry is via carbonation process. Â This process has caught interest of the oil and gas industry for utilizing existing carbon dioxide waste from plant processes. Â Precipitation of PCC is carried out using hydrated lime under various conditions at different gas purity (1 mol% CH4 + 99 mol% CO2 , 40 mol% CH4 Â + 60 mol% CO2 ), different gas flowrate, and different stirring rate. Â All experiments are carried out using 1 litre of ionic solution at ambient conditions.Â All samples are characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Particle Size Distribution, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). Â FESEM analysis shows different surface morphology for different methane content with calcite formation. Â The particle size for all PCC produced at different parameters are comparable at the range 5-9 microns depending on the mixing rate used whereas XRF results indicate very high purity of CaCO3 of more than 99 wt%.Â
Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Naphthenate Inhibitor Demulsifier from Fatty Hydrazide Derivatives
Authors: Borhan N. , Ramli A. , K. Salleh I. 
Published: March 2021

The production of crude oil contained Alkaline-Surfactant-Polymer (ASP)-chemical enhance oil recovery (CEOR) has a significant detrimental effect on flow assurance mainly for formation of microemulsion which is thermally stable and difficult to break and separated into clean crude oil and water phase. Quality of clean crude oil for saleability is important through achievement of crude oil dehydration in terms of basic sediment and water (BS&W) specification less than 0.5%.Â This paper outlines a case-study where stable microemulsions were formed following mixing of crude oil and ASP brine, requiring operationally intensive remediation. Finally, novel palm oil-derived fatty hydrazide Naphthenate Inhibitor (NI)-Demulsifier were synthesized, formulated and tested using dynamic laboratory tests using a multifunctional mini flow loop (MMFL). Under dynamic laboratory test, crude oil, prepared produced water and ASP were mixed under high shear at separator temperature and pressure. The NI-demulsifiers chemical injection was carried out after microemulsions were formed before the separator, representing a wellhead injection point and for a sufficient time to allow the microemulsion system to reach equilibrium. This work demonstrates the importance of considering the impact of ASP-EOR fluids on existing emulsion and using an appropriate laboratory technique to evaluate potential mitigating treatments for oil-water separation technology. The effects of temperature and water cut on microemulsion stability are shown and the NI-demulsifier demonstrated excellence in demulsifying and dehydration at minimal dosage.Â Â
Thermodynamic Studies of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) Adsorption on Nylon Membrane
Authors: Ideris N. , M. Roslan A. 
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate the nylon membraneâ€™s characteristics and thermodynamic aspects for adsorption of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) as a model protein on nylon membrane.Â The morphology characteristics analyzed by FESEM and wetting and weighting technique showed the nylon membrane possessed micro-pore size (0.159Â±0.039 Âµm) with high porosity (74.2820Â±0.0411 %) respectively.Â Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption reaction was endothermic with positive value of standard enthalpy (âˆ†rHÎ¸ = 107.7 kJ/mole) and dominated by chemical adsorption.Â The results were supported with the analysis of functional groups of the nylon membrane with FTIR-ATR.Â Bands corresponding to the NH bonds stretching were generally detected in the 3500-3100 cm-1 range.Â The existence of C=O stretching vibration of carbonyl group was further confirmed with the observation of peak at 1632. 42 cm-1.Â The water contact angle analysis showed the hydrophilicity nature of nylon membrane with contact angle of 55.6Â°.Â These findings are expected to be used in the modification of nylon membrane for an optimum adsorption of protein. Â Â
Extraction of Eco-Friendly Natural Dyes from Pina Leaves and their Application on Wool Fabrics
Authors: J. Jalil A. , Mahmood S. , H. Abdul Rashid A. , H. Nasir S. , A. Ibrahim S. , R. Ahmad M. 
Published: March 2021

Natural dyes comprise of colorants that are obtained from animals or vegetable matters without any chemical processing. Natural dyes can substitute synthetic dye and promotes green technology initiatives in the field of textile dyeing. This study was carried out by extracting dyes from pineapple leaves (Ananas Comosus) using three stage mordanting methods using different mordants namely pre-mordanting, post-mordanting and simultaneous dyeing-mordanting. The mordants used were aluminium potassium sulphate, white vinegar and sodium chloride (NaCl). Wool fabrics were used for dyeing. The strength of colour and K/S values of the dyed fabrics were measured before and after washing. The colourfastness to washing, rubbing and light fastness of the fabrics were conducted to investigate the performance of the dye and mordants. The results indicate that the washing, rubbing and light fastness properties of dyed samples were between good to excellent grades.Â Â
Interfacial Shear Strength of Kenaf Single Fibre Reinforced Polyester Matrix: Observation of Fibre Fracture and Matrix Debonding
Authors: N. Zakaria M. , Crosky A. , Beehag A. 
Published: March 2021

This paper describes an analysis of the parameters that affect the interfacial properties of kenaf fibre reinforced with polyester matrix. Kenaf fibre bundles were subjected to water treatment through soaking and ultrasonication technique. The specimens of dumbbell shape were fabricated containing kenaf single fibres embedded in polyester matrix. The interfacial shear strength was determined through single fibre fragmentation test. This test was used as a means of investigation, and the observation of fibre fracture and matrix debonding was done using ligt microscope equipped with polarizer light.Â Â
Effect of La3+ Substitution at Bi-Site on Transport Properties of Bi0.3-xLaxPr0.3Ca0.4Mn0.1Cr0.9MnO3
Authors: Ibrahim Norazila , Asmira Amaran Nor , Mohamed Zakiah , Kamal Yahya Ahmad 
Published: March 2021

Magnetic and electronic transport properties of Bi0.3-xLaxPr0.3Ca0.4Mn0.1Cr0.9O3 (0â‰¤xâ‰¤0.2) manganites have been investigated by measurements of AC-susceptibility, resistivity and magnetoresistance. The samples were prepared using conventional solid-state synthesis method. Magnetic susceptibility versus temperature measurements showed all samples exhibit ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition with Curie temperature, Tc enhanced from 111 K (x=0) to 174 K (x=0.2). Electrical resistivity measurements of the samples in zero field showed increase of metal-insulator (MI) transition temperature from 58 K(x=0) to 88 K(x=0.2). The increase in both Tc and TMI indicates enhancement of double exchange (DE) interaction involving Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions as a result of weakening of the hybridization effect between Bi3+ 6s2 lone pair with O orbital due to La3+ substitution.Â La substitution in the Bi-based compound is suggested reduce MnO6 octahedral distortion hence increasing delocalization of charge carriers. The observed variation in MR behavior due to La substitution indicates the substitution influence the MR mechanism of extrinsic and intrinsic behavior in Bi0.3-xLaxPr0.3Ca0.4Mn0.1Cr0.9O3 .Â
Survey on Environmental Care among UiTM Campus Tapah Student on Solid Waste Management using Mean Score and
Authors: Husna Jamian Nural , Zulkipli Faridah , Zulaikha Zulkifli Ilya , Mohd Nopiah Zulkifli 
Published: March 2021

The study is focusing on the environmental care components in solid waste management among students at UiTM Campus Tapah. This study is conducted through a questionnaire and involved a total of 354 students. The environment care components are consisting of knowledge, practice, attitude, perception and awareness. Statistical analysis of mean score and t-test are conducted in order to analyze the data collected. The results of the survey are highlighted that majority of the UiTM Tapah students had high knowledge level towards environmental care; and had very good practice in environment cleanliness; had a moderate concern on attitude, and the majority of the students had moderate perception in term of understanding and practicing solid waste separation and finally majority of students know their personal accountability towards environment care based on awareness component. As a conclusion, environmental care among students shows positive responses in Awareness, Practice, Attitude, Knowledge and Perception towards sustainable solid waste management in future.Â Â
The Effectiveness of Gamification in Learning Indices and Logarithm
Authors: Ahmad Samsiah , Hafizah Zainal Abidin Nurul , Ahmad Kardri Mahani , Liza Saad Nor 
Published: March 2021

The use of gamification in learning has become a new approach nowadays. This approach helps the learning process to be much more fun and easy to follow. Since students may have some difficulties in understanding the mathematics concepts if they learned using the conventional approach. This paper presents a study on a game development by using the mechanics, dynamics, aesthetic (MDA) framework to study the topic of indices and logarithms. The result shows that student enjoyed the gamification approach and they are able to perform better on the topic of indices and logarithm.Â Â Â
Towards Academic Successor Selection Modelling with Genetic Algorithm in Multi-Criteria Problems
Authors: Zukreena Zakuan Atiqa , Abdul-Rahman Shuzlina , Jantan Hamidah , . . 
Published: March 2021

Succession planning is a subset of talent management that deals with multi-criteria and uncertainties which are quite complicated, ambiguous, fuzzy and troublesome. Besides that, the successor selection involves the process of searching the best candidate for a successor for an optimal selection decision. In an academic scenario, the quality of academic staff contributes to achieving goals and improving the performance of the university at the international level. The process of selecting appropriate academic staff requires good criteria in decision-making. The best candidate's position and criteria for the selection of academic staff is the responsibility of the Human Resource Management (HRM) to select the most suitable candidate for the required position. The various criteria that are involved in selecting academic staff includes research publication, teaching skills, personality, reputation and financial performance. Previously, most studies on multi-criteria decision-making adopt Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP). However, this method is more complex because it involved many steps and formula and may not produce the optimum results. Therefore, Genetic Algorithm (GA) is proposed in this research to address this problem in which a fitness function for the successor selection is based on the highest fitness value of each chromosome.Â Â Â
Wayfinding for Pedestrians: Overview of the Role of Sidewalk Design
Authors: Lesmana Widi , Hidayah Retna , Bruri Triyono Mochamad , Dahar Minghat Asnul , Salina Mustakim Siti 
Published: March 2021

The primary aim of this study was to describe the pattern of pedestrian movement and the main cause of studentsâ€™ selection in choosing those particular route. A qualitative research method was utilized for the purpose of data collection via an interview data retrieval technique. Findings were transcribed, coded, and analyzed manually. Findings indicated that studentsâ€™ difficulties in finding Rectorate Building were 27.5%. There were 75% of students who receive information for directions from the results of questioning with other students in the campus, while those who only read the guide map were only 25%. There were 55% of students choose route based on the closest distance, while comfort factor is 11.25%. Only 71.25% students use sidewalks, while those who do not always use pavements were 28.75%. Viewed from gender, it was indicated that difficulties in finding Rectorate Building was 44.7% from male and 38.1% from female. 60.5% of male and 73.8% of female prefer to ask verbally to find travel information, while 39.5% of male and 26.2% of female would read the guide map. 59.5% female and 31.5% of male prefer the shortest route. The users of sidewalks were 52.6% male and 69.2% female. This study contributes to the implementation and integration of sustainable green campus in Indonesia.Â Â
The Needs of Street Furniture in the Pedestrian on Urip Sumoharjo Yogyakarta Street
Authors: Berlian Putrayasa Ilham , Hidayah Retna , Dahar Minghat Asnul 
Published: March 2021

The background of the pedestrian in Urip Sumoharjo Yogyakarta street which conditions are not comfortable for pedestrians to pass, so as to improve the comfort of the pedestrian, in this study try to understand street furniture needed for pedestrian comfort in pedestrians on Urip Sumoharjo Yogyakarta street. Data was collected using a survey method with a questionnaire containing closed questions. The data analysis technique used in this research is quantitative descriptive data analysis. Based on the results of the study showed that men prefer to walk than women, the time when people decide to walk most choose when they go to exercise, the distance traveled by people when deciding to walk is 300-600 meters, street furniture is very much needed for pedestrian comfort in the pedestrian on Urip Sumoharjo Yogyakarta street are street lights, bins, seating, and public toilets. While pedestrians are needed enough are traffic signs, shelters, bollards, and road guardrail. Pedestrians need less is flower pots, fountains and warnings, and waste containers.Â Â
Utilizing Web Based Learning as 21st Century Learning Media for Vocational Education
Authors: Dika Tria Puspitasari Ervina , Dwi Surjono Herman , Dahar Minghat Asnul 
Published: March 2021

This study examines the development of information technology that focuses on the use of web based learning as a learning medium in the world of vocational education. Web-based learning provides convenience for students in learning activities such as increasing productivity, flexible and interactive. The results obtained from several literature studies from journal articles, opinion papers, conceptual papers, etc. were analyzed for content related to the use of web based learning in the world of vocational education. The result of the literature review in this paper is that E-learning is a learning process that is poured through internet technology, with the principle of simple, personal, and fast need to be considered. Therefore, the principles and communication of learning need to be designed like conventional learning. The need for developing the right e-learning learning model according to needs. Web base learning is a learning model that requires technological tools, especially information technology such as computers and internet access. In practice, web base learning utilizes internet facilities as a medium for delivering information (material) learning such as websites, e-mail, mailing lists, and news groups. The planned use of web-based learning technology has proven to provide a significant contribution to the world of education, especially for vocational education that requires students to think critically. In implementing web based learning, there are several factors that need to be considered such as supporting facilities and infrastructure, users (students as users and teachers/lecturers/experts as material presenter), readiness of online materials and costs.Â Â
Corrosion of Platinum Nanocoatings Thin Films Deposited by Sputtering Deposition Method for Medical Applications
Authors: Haitham M. Wadullah Asst. Prof. Dr. , Sami  Abualnoun Ajeel Prof.Dr. , Muna Khethier Abbass Prof.Dr . , Mohammed Younus Hussein Eng . , . . 
Published: March 2021

Platinum (Pt.) thin films have been deposited by Magnetron Sputtering Deposition method with 25 nm and 50 nm thickness by used power RF for deposited 5 nm Titanium (Ti) firstly then used DC for deposited Platinum (Pt) on Ni-Cr alloy substrate. SEM/EDX and Ellipsometry Spectroscopy have been used to investigate the morphology, element analysis, nanothickness and roughness of the thin films respectively. Electrochemical corrosion tests have been used to analyze the localized corrosion resistance by used cyclic polarization, Tafel extrapolation and open circuit potential (o.c.p) methods on artificial saliva solution at 37Â Â±1 oC. The results show the ability to deposit 5 nm of Ti before deposited of Pt. film to improve the adhesive of the films, nanostructure morphology of the Pt. film without defect or microcracks, nanocoatings thickness of Pt. film, and high localized corrosion resistance in artificial saliva corrosive media.Â Â
Prediction the Manningâ€™s Coefficient by HEC-RAS for Al-Meshkab River
Authors: Hadi Sahib Jumana , . . , . . 
Published: March 2021

The Manning's coefficient represents the roughness characteristics of the channel, which directly affects open channel calculations. In this study, it been calculated which estimation of Manning's coefficient (n) by some of the collected data .The remaining data is utilized for check of the model testing with actual data, which is called verification. The model was adopted by a one-dimensional mathematical by using the HEC-RAS program. The region was studied at the upstream of the Al-Meshkab Barrage, where data were collected in 2010. The coefficient of Manning's roughness (n) is given well agreement between computed data and observed data at n equal to (0.031) for Al-Meshkab River. Â Â Â
A Survey on Intermediate Data Management for Big Data and Internet of Things
Authors: Nihad Marwah , Hassan Alaa , Ibrahim Nadia 
Published: March 2021

The field internet of things and Big Data has become a necessity in our everyday lives due to the broadening of its technology and the exponential increase in devices, services, and applications that drive different types of data. This survey shows the study of Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, data management, and intermediate data. The survey discusses intermediate data on Big Data and Internet of Things (IoT) and how it is managed. Internet of Things (IoT) is an essential concept of a new technology generation. It is a vision that allows the embedded devices or sensors to be interconnected over the Internet. The future Internet of Things (IoT) will be greatly presented by the massive quantity of heterogeneous networked embedded devices that generate intensively "Big data". Referring to the term intermediate data as the information that is provoked as output data along the process. However, this data is temporary and is erased as soon as you run a model or a sample tool. Also, the existence of intermediate data in both of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data are explained. Here, various aspects of the internet of things, Big Data, intermediate data and data management will be reviewed. Moreover, the schemes for managing this data and its framework are discussed.Â Â
Investigating the Behavior of Concrete and Mortar Reinforced with Aluminum Waste Strips
Authors: Shakir Muwashee Rawa , Athab Al-Jameel Hamid , Abdulhameed Jabai Qusay 
Published: March 2021

Composite concrete such as fiber reinforced concrete is widely used in structures because of its excellent properties such as compressive, flexural and tensile strengths and also high modulus of elasticity because it gives lower strain values under loading and too fewer cracks propagation. In this study, Aluminum strips was prepared by cutting the Coca- Cola cans as strips in concrete. The reason of using Aluminum strip is low density and good tensile strength (about 310 MPa) and also has a good ductility. The results of this study show good improvements in compressive, tensile and flexural strengths using 117 tested specimens for both concrete and mortar. In brief, about 22 % increment in compressive strength of Aluminum strip concrete and flexural strength increases from 3.31 MPa to 11.20 MPa when using Aluminum strips with 2.5 % by volume of concrete. The reinforced mortar with Aluminum strips demonstrates significant increments which are 27% for compressive strength and more than 100% for both flexural and tensile strengths comparing with reference mix.
Political Budget Cycle, Tax Collection, and Yardstick Competition
Authors: Ferraresi Massimiliano 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This paper exploits the political cycle of Italian municipalities to test for the presence of strategic interactions in the collection of local taxation. The revenue from the personal income tax surcharge—a tax tool of low salience—is (positively) plagued by political manipulation and is found to be a strategic complement, but only when mayors run for re-election, a finding consistent with the yardstick competition hypothesis. More salient fiscal tools, such as property tax and user fees and charges, are also (negatively) affected by budget cycles, but they do not appear to be spatially correlated.
Fabrication and characterization of thermoresponsive composite carriers: PNIPAAm-grafted glass spheres
Authors: Fan Xiaoguang , Wu Liyan , Yang Lei 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Processing capacity and product yield of three-dimensional (3D) smart responsive carriers are markedly superior to those of two-dimensional substrates with the same compositions due to the special structure; therefore, more attempts have been made to develop the 3D intelligent systems in recent decades. A novel preparation strategy of thermoresponsive glass sphere-based composite carriers was reported in this study. First, PNIPAAm copolymers were synthesized by free-radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPM), and 3-trimethoxysilypropyl methacrylate (TMSPM). Then, the copolymer solution was sprayed on the surfaces of glass spheres using a self-made bottom-spray fluidized bed reactor, and the bonding between copolymers and glass spheres was fabricated by thermal annealing to form PNIPAAm copolymer/glass sphere composite carriers. The coating effects of PNIPAAm copolymers on sphere surfaces were investigated, including characteristic functional groups, surface microstructure, grafting density, equilibrium swelling, as well as biocompatibility and potential application for cell culture. The results show that the temperature-responsive PNIPAAm copolymers can be linked to the surfaces of glass spheres by bottom-spray coating technology, and the copolymer layers can be formed on the sphere surfaces. The composite carriers have excellent thermosensitivity and favorable biocompatibility, and they are available for effective cell adhesion and spontaneous cell detachment by the use of smart responsiveness.