bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered albedo dominates the radiative forcing changes in a subtropical forest following an extreme snow event
Authors: Gnanamoorthy Palingamoorthy , Song Qinghai , Zhao Junbin , Zhang Yiping , Liu Yuntong , Zhou Wenjun , Sha Liqing , Fan Zexin , Deb Burman Pramit Kumar 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSubtropical forests are important ecosystems globally due to their extensive role in carbon sequestration. Extreme climate events are known to introduce disturbances in the ecosystem that cause long‐term changes in carbon balance and radiation reflectance. However, how these ecosystem function changes contribute to global warming in terms of radiative forcing (RF), especially in the years following a disturbance, still needs to be investigated. We studied an extreme snow event that occurred in a subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest in south‐western China in 2015 and used 9 years (2011–2019) of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) and surface albedo (α) data to investigate the effect of the event on the ecosystem RF changes. In the year of the disturbance, leaf area index (LAI) declined by 40% and α by 32%. The annual NEE was −718 ± 128 g C m−2 as a sink in the pre‐disturbance years (2011–2014), but after the event, the sink strength dropped significantly by 76% (2015). Both the vegetation, indicated by LAI, and α recovered to pre‐disturbance levels in the fourth post‐disturbance year (2018). However, the NEE recovery lagged and occurred a year later in 2019, suggesting a more severe and lasting impact on the ecosystem carbon balance. Overall, the extreme event caused a positive (warming effect) net RF which was predominantly caused by changes in α (90%–93%) rather than those in NEE. This result suggests that, compared to the climate effect caused by forest carbon sequestration changes, the climate effect of α alterations can be more sensitive to vegetation damage induced by natural disturbances. Moreover, this study demonstrates the important role of vegetation recovery in driving canopy reflectance and ecosystem carbon balance during the post‐disturbance period, which determines the ecosystem feedbacks to the climate change.
Improved oxidation resistance of Al2O3–SiC–C castables by introducing a small amount of andalusite fine powder
Authors: Fu Yunhe , Niu Zheng , Mu Yuandong , Hao Zhanhong , Wang Qingfeng , Parr Chris , Ye Guotian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn our previous study, high amounts of andalusite aggregates (about 19%) were used to improve the oxidation resistance of Al2O3–SiC–C castables, attributed to the transformation of andalusite. However, for andalusite aggregates with large particle size, only a small part of the silica‐rich glass phase (about 20%) is extruded onto the surface of the particles to block the pores. Theoretically, the smaller particle size promotes the conversion of andalusite, and more silica‐rich glass phase would be extruded to the particle surface to block the pores in the castables, which is speculated to favor the enhancement of the oxidation resistance of the castables. Therefore, in this work, andalusite fine powder (≤0.055 mm) was employed to substitute the same‐weight proportion of fused brown corundum fine powder in the castables. The results demonstrate that a small amount of andalusite fine powder can achieve the similar antioxidation enhancement compared with high addition content of andalusite aggregate. And the properties of castables fired at different temperatures proved that the thermal decomposition of andalusite fine powder into silica‐rich glass and mullite is the key reason of elevated oxidation resistance as well as the improvement of strength and thermal shock stability.
High‐temperature oxidation resistance and antifailure mechanism of MAO‐SG composite coating on TC4 titanium alloy
Authors: Chen Xiaowen , Hu Jie , Zhang Defen , Ren Peng , Liao Dandan , Xu Ruosi , Jiang Xuan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo refine microarc oxidation (MAO) coating surface micropores, and enhance the coating's toughness and oxidation resistance. In the process of MAO, negatively charged CeO2 particles are adsorbed and deposited into the coating under the action of electrophoresis, and a 6 g/L CeO2 doped MAO coating is prepared. Then, the Al2O3‐SiO2 composite sol‐gel seal coating was used to obtain the microarc oxidation‐sol‐gel composite coating (MAO‐SG). The TC4 substrate, undoped MAO coating, CeO2 doped MAO coating, and MAO‐SG composite coating were subjected to high‐temperature oxidation at 650, 750, and 850°C, respectively. The results show that the composite coating exhibits excellent high‐temperature oxidation resistance at three temperatures. Compared with the undoped MAO coating, the maximum oxidation weight gain per unit area of the MAO‐SG coating was reduced by 13.44%, 23.87%, and 38.16%, and the average oxidation rate was reduced by 17.15%, 50.98%, and 69.37%, respectively. The sol‐gel layer on the surface of the composite coating will decompose α‐Al2O3 at high temperatures, and form a dense protective layer on the surface of the MAO coating and protect the MAO coating, which greatly improves the high‐temperature oxidation resistance of the TC4 titanium alloy.
Using a low–molecular weight heparin–calibrated anti–factor Xa assay to assess the concentration of apixaban and rivaroxaban
Authors: von Horn Henrik , Rasmusson Agnes , Söderblom Lisbeth , Malmström Rickard E , Antovic Jovan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionDirect oral anticoagulant (DOAC)–inhibiting factor Xa (FXa‐DOAC) are being increasingly used as prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism and for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. In contrast to vitamin K antagonists, DOACs do not require monitoring in general. However, it is sometimes of value in the acute setting, for instance when considering a reversal agent in uncontrolled bleeding in patients on DOAC.MethodsWe evaluated if a low–molecular weight heparin (LMWH)–calibrated anti–factor Xa assay could be used to estimate FXa‐DOAC concentration in the concentration range <100 ng/mL by spiking known concentrations of FXa‐DOAC and from those result calculate the FXa‐DOAC concentration from the response of the LMWH assay. This procedure was then evaluated by comparing the result with a drug‐calibrated chromogenic assay and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) on clinical plasma samples from patients treated with apixaban or rivaroxaban.ResultsAlthough the measuring range was narrower for the LMWH‐calibrated assay, concentrations recalculated from the LMWH assay was comparable with those measured by the drug‐calibrated method when compared with LC‐MS/MS.ConclusionWe suggest that an LMWH‐calibrated anti–factor Xa assay can be used after characterization of the response of FXa‐DOACs to give guidance on the concentration of apixaban and rivaroxaban. Shorter turnaround time than LC‐MS/MS and the greater availability than drug‐calibrated chromogenic assays could make this a valuable option in the acute setting.
Migrant networks, information flows and the place of residence: The case of Polish immigrants in the UK
Authors: Schwabe Michal , Weziak‐Bialowolska Dorota 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNumerous studies in the field of international migration focus on utilizing migrant networks in migration process, outlining their role in the choice of destination country as well as in the job search process. However, relatively few of the studies discuss migrant networks’ role in the choice of a specific location within destination cities. This paper contributes to this research area by providing additional insights into the motives behind choosing place of residence by immigrants in contemporary European cities. In our paper, we use data of a tailor‐made survey of 610 Polish immigrants, who emigrated from Poland to the UK shortly after 2004, that is, after opening of the British labour market for Polish citizens. Our study results reveal that propensity towards living in the Polish neighbourhood is inversely correlated with migrants’ English language proficiency. Moreover, we discover that networking within the Polish diaspora is to a large extent limited to family and close acquaintances, which most likely results from the limited generalized trust towards other Poles. Based on our study results, we argue that settling in geographical proximity of migrant's ethnic group is likely to maintain its relevance in the contemporary cities, especially in case of immigrants with poor destination language skills.
Management of single subsegmental pulmonary embolism: a prospective observational study at North Shore and Waitakere Hospitals, Auckland
Authors: Li Jian , Rolfe‐Vyson Vicki , Rowland Valerie , Woulfe Tracey , Merriman Eileen 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSingle subsegmental pulmonary embolism is increasingly diagnosed but the benefit to anticoagulate in the absence of concurrent deep vein thrombosis is not consistently established.AimsTo investigate the safety of an observational approach in patients with isolated subsegmental pulmonary embolism and the utility of the second lower limb ultrasound after 7 days.MethodsProspective observational study of patients diagnosed with isolated subsegmental pulmonary embolism between July 2016 and July 2020 at North Shore and Waitakere Hospitals, Auckland. The primary outcome was the venous thromboembolism recurrence rate within 3 months of single subsegmental pulmonary embolism diagnosis. Secondary outcomes included all‐cause mortality, bleeding complications and the percentage of deep vein thrombosis diagnosed at serial compressive ultrasounds (CUS) of lower limbs.ResultsAmong the 48 patients studied (two excluded due to revised diagnosis), no statistically significant differences were found in the baseline characteristics between the anticoagulated (n = 17) and observed (n = 31) groups. After patients with deep vein thrombosis were excluded, comparisons did not reveal significant differences in the primary outcome (0 vs 1 recurrent venous thromboembolism in the anticoagulated vs. observational groups respectively) and the secondary outcomes. In the observational cohort, 77.4% (n = 24) patients had repeat bilateral lower limb CUS after 7 days, and none had deep vein thrombosis diagnosed on the second CUS.ConclusionsWithholding anticoagulation was a feasible management option for this cohort of patients with single subsegmental pulmonary embolisms with an absence of deep vein thrombosis. The utility of a second lower limb ultrasound is questionable and would warrant further assessment in a prospective study.
Addressing the Addressive Theory of Rights
Authors: Bowen Joseph 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article examines Rowan Cruft’s new Addressive Theory of Rights, put forward in his Human Rights, Ownership, and the Individual. We begin with an exposition of Cruft’s discussion of the nature of rights and directed duties. We see there are two elements to this: first, a series of arguments that no reductive account of rights succeeds and, second, an introduction to the Addressive Theory. I then offer three critical comments. First, that the two elements to Cruft’s discussion on the nature of rights and directed duties, the antireductivism and the introduction of the Addressive Theory, are independent. Second, that, because of the antireductivism, the Addressive Theory is unmotivated. Third, that part of the Addressive Theory itself, requiring first‐personal thought on the part of capable right holders, is redundant. I conclude by considering what we can learn from these three comments: that we should rethink whether to combine the Addressive Theory with a reductive theory of rights, which grounds rights in features of right‐holders as moral patients.
On Rights, Human Rights, and Property: A Response
Authors: Cruft Rowan 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article responds to papers by Joseph Bowen, Simon May, Zofia Stemplowska, and Nick Sage, focused on my monograph, Human Rights, Ownership, and the Individual (OUP, 2019). The book develops a new account of the nature of rights: as duties governed by ‘addressive’ norms of first‐ and second‐personal thinking. This account has implications for both human rights and property rights. It implies that human rights in law should be founded on pre‐legal moral rights grounded in how they serve the individual right‐holder. And it implies that much property, which is morally grounded only as a system serving collective goods, would be beneficially reconceived in non‐rights terms. The article defends the ‘addressive’ account of rights against Bowen’s and May’s arguments for the rival ‘Interest Theory’, and against May’s circularity charge. In response to Stemplowska (who builds on O’Neill), the article defends the place for pre‐legal moral rights to goods and services as foundations for socioeconomic human rights. In response to Sage, the article defends the view that while human rights are morally grounded for the right‐holder’s sake, most property rights constituting individual wealth in modern markets are not – and this throws doubt on such property's status as a right.
Evolutionary history of the roan antelope across its African range
Authors: Gonçalves Margarida , Siegismund Hans R. , van Vuuren Bettine Jansen , Ferrand Nuno , Godinho Raquel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimPhylogeographic studies on savanna ungulates have extensively evaluated genetic patterns mostly related to Pleistocene climatic oscillations. We address this subject through a comprehensive assessment across the pan‐African range of the roan antelope, assessing whether climatic oscillations or natural physical barriers play a predominant role in the evolutionary history of the species. We also address the spatial concordance of the genetic structure with the currently recognized subspecies.LocationSub‐Saharan Africa.TaxonRoan antelope (Hippotragus equinus).MethodsWe genotyped 43 microsatellite loci and sequenced whole‐mitochondrial genomes for 131 individuals across the species' entire African range. We performed spatial analyses of genetic diversity for contemporary and historical samples and calculated overall patterns of genetic differentiation and structure for both marker types. We also estimated the timing of divergence events and demographic trends, correlating these with the species’ biotic attributes as well as abiotic features shaping African savanna habitats.ResultsOur analyses uncovered highly structured clusters and contact zones across the distribution of the roan antelope, including five nuclear groups and four mitochondrial lineages. The north‐west group had the highest level of intra‐group diversity as well as inter‐group divergence and represents the oldest vicariant event. The central and southern groups had the lowest intra‐group diversity with low divergence values separating them, suggesting a more recent ancestry for these groups. All population groups showed signals of demographic stability over time showed signals of demographic stability over a demographic decline during the Holocene.Main conclusionsThe roan antelope exhibits significant population structure across its African range. This structure is largely associated with natural physical barriers, whereas contact zones could more easily be explained by climatic events. Based on estimates of genetic diversity, we propose a West African ancestry for this species with subsequent eastward and southern range expansions, as well as the persistence of stable population numbers within refugia. A general trend of population size decreases likely reflects Holocene extreme climatic events and increased human pressure.
The combined use of progressive and block freeze concentration in lactose‐free milk: Effect of process parameters and influence on the content of carbohydrates and proteins
Authors: Dantas Adriana , Quinteros Gisela J. , Darvishvand Shadi Yaribeigi , Blanco Mónica , Hernandez Eduard , Prudencio Elane Schwinden , Samsuri Shafirah 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis work focuses on the study of the concentration of lactose‐free milk using a combination of progressive freezing concentration (PFC) with block freezing concentration (BFC). First, we investigated the PFC of skim lactose‐free milk applying response surface methodology. To analyze the influence of three factors (stirring rate, coolant temperature, and assay time) on the response variables (concentrate yield, efficiency of the process, concentration index, and average ice growth rate), a central composite design was used previously. It was found that all factors had a significate influence on the responses. Then, once the optimized condition for this step was chosen (time of 58 min, coolant temperature of −5°C, and mechanical stirring of 1,035 rpm), the ice obtained from it was subjected to a new freeze concentration cycle using the BFC assisted by vacuum. In the concentrated fraction of this cycle, protein and carbohydrate contents were equals to 6.7 g 100 g−1and 10.24 g 100 g−1, respectively. The results suggest that in PFC carbohydrates accumulate more in the concentrated phase, while in BFC it is the protein that has the greatest tendency to pass into the concentrated liquid. In this approach, we believe that it is possible to combine the two techniques (PFC + vacuum‐assisted BFC) to obtain concentrates, and that they can be used for the development of innovative lactose‐free dairy products.Practical ApplicationsThe use of concentration processes can facilitate the customization of milk products rich in proteins to meet specific requirements on nutritional and functional properties, for instance in bakery products, formulated food, ice‐cream, beverages, energy drinks, and others. Moreover, since most changes occur in an aqueous environment, the removal of some part of milk water results in its preservation. Within the concentration processes, the freeze concentration emerges swiftly thanks to its inherent features, involving low‐temperature processing and selective nature of the water removal step. Because of the low temperatures used in freeze concentration, this technology is gaining in popularity as an alternative technique to the standard concentration techniques currently used in dairy processing. It offers the most enhanced functional and sensorial qualities of concentrated milk because it decreases the quality deviation by minimizing the heat abuse on sensitive milk components, such as proteins, water‐soluble vitamins, and aromatics.
Evaluation of the association between the flow of firearms and mass shooting deaths
Authors: Miller Chip E. , Bryant Andrew 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMass shootings are a human‐made disaster that plagues the United States. However, data on mass shootings and firearm sales are not readily available in the United States. We compile a novel dataset to explore this issue by blending annual nationwide data from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms' records with mass shooting statistics over 33 years. This dataset overcomes limitations present in previous research on the topic of firearms and mass shootings. Our findings indicate a relationship between more deaths from mass shootings and the production of firearms (flow of firearms). We argue that this is due to an increase in demand derived from the salience of perceived mortality and consumer reactance. Implications on the gun control debate are discussed.
Genome‐wide Excision Repair Map of Cyclobutane Pyrimidine Dimers in Arabidopsis and the Roles of CSA1 and CSA2 Proteins in Transcription‐coupled Repair†
Authors: Kaya Sezgi , Adebali Ogun , Oztas Onur , Sancar Aziz 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPlants depend on light for energy production. However, the UV component in sunlight also inflicts DNA damage, mostly in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and (6‐4) pyrimidine–pyrimidone photoproducts, which are mutagenic and lethal to the plant cells. These lesions are repaired by blue‐light‐dependent photolyases and the nucleotide excision repair enzymatic systems. Here, we characterize nucleotide excision repair in Arabidopsis thaliana genome‐wide and at single nucleotide resolution with special focus on transcription‐coupled repair and the role of the CSA1 and CSA2 genes/proteins in dictating the efficiency and the strand preference of repair of transcribed genes. We demonstrate that CSA1 is the dominant protein in coupling repair to transcription with minor contribution from CSA2.
Prozone rates in the solid‐phase platelet crossmatch assay and correlation with class I HLA antibody levels
Authors: Juskewitch Justin E. , Zuccarelli Micah D. , Clymer Kristie K. , Wakefield Laurie L. , Kreuter Justin D. , Gandhi Manish J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSolid‐phase platelet crossmatch (PXM) testing is used to help manage patients with platelet transfusion‐refractoriness. Recently, we published the first report of false‐negative PXM results from prozone effect that was mitigated using sample dilution. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of PXM prozone effect and the levels of class I HLA antibodies (HLA‐Abs) associated with positive PXM results and with false‐negative PXM results from prozone effect.Study Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional study of patients undergoing PXM testing from July 2019 through December 2020 was performed. All PXM tests were run simultaneously using undiluted and 1:4 diluted patient plasma. Prozone effect was defined as a negative PXM result using undiluted patient plasma but a positive PXM result using 1:4 diluted patient plasma.ResultsAmong 59 patients, 830 individual ABO‐compatible PXM results yielded an overall positivity rate of 25.8% (214/830) and a false‐negative rate from prozone effect of 4.7% (10/214). Among the 28 patients with class I HLA‐Ab testing and no other anti‐platelet antibodies, maximum HLA‐Ab mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was significantly associated with a positive PXM result (p < .0001; AUC approx. 0.9) and categorized into negative (<3700), indeterminate (3700–10300), and positive (>10300) maximum HLA‐Ab MFI zones. Maximum HLA‐Ab MFI, however, was not associated with prozone effect (p = .17; AUC approx. 0.6).DiscussionWhile there is a strong predictive association between class I HLA‐Ab levels and positive PXM results, PXM prozone effect is a common occurrence not associated with class I HLA‐Ab levels, so additional testing with diluted samples should be considered.
A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study on the effectiveness of a single‐use negative pressure wound therapy system, compared to traditional negative pressure wound therapy in the treatment of diabetic ulcers of the lower extremities
Authors: Kirsner Robert S. , Zimnitsky Dmitry , Robinson Michael 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA multicenter, phase 4, randomized, comparative‐efficacy study in subjects with lower extremity wounds was carried out to compare wound closure rates, for a single‐use negative pressure wound therapy (s‐NPWT) versus traditional NPWT (t‐NPWT) systems over a 12‐week treatment period. From the initial population of patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) and venous leg ulcers (VLU), we analyzed a subgroup of patients with diabetes mellitus and leg and foot ulcers (either DFUs or VLUs in diabetics), termed, the diabetic lower extremity ulcers (DLEU). In the DLEU group, there were 95 patients in intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and 61 patients in per protocol (PP) populations, respectively. We found a significant difference in favor of s‐NPWT over t‐NPWT in the confirmed wound closures at 12 weeks both in ITT (p < 0.001) and PP populations (p = 0.017). Significantly higher wound closure rates in s‐NPWT group suggest that s‐NPWT should be preferred NPWT option for DLEU.