bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CaMKII inhibitor KN‐93 impaired angiogenesis and aggravated cardiac remodelling and heart failure via inhibiting NOX2/mtROS/p‐VEGFR2 and STAT3 pathways
Authors: Ni Yajuan , Deng Jie , Bai Hongyuan , Liu Chang , Liu Xin , Wang Xiaofang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPersistent cardiac Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent Kinase II (CaMKII) activation was considered to promote heart failure (HF) development, some studies believed that CaMKII was a target for therapy of HF. However, CaMKII was an important mediator for the ischaemia‐induced coronary angiogenesis, and new evidence confirmed that angiogenesis inhibited cardiac remodelling and improved heart function, and some conditions which impaired angiogenesis aggravated ventricular remodelling. This study aimed to investigate the roles and the underlying mechanisms of CaMKII inhibitor in cardiac remodelling. First, we induced cardiac remodelling rat model by ISO, pre‐treated by CaMKII inhibitor KN‐93, evaluated heart function by echocardiography measurements, and performed HE staining, Masson staining, Tunel staining, Western blot and RT‐PCR to test cardiac remodelling and myocardial microvessel density; we also observed ultrastructure of cardiac tissue with transmission electron microscope. Second, we cultured HUVECs, pre‐treated by ISO and KN‐93, detected cell proliferation, migration, tubule formation and apoptosis, and carried out Western blot to determine the expression of NOX2, NOX4, VEGF, VEGFR2, p‐VEGFR2 and STAT3; mtROS level was also measured. In vivo, we found KN‐93 severely reduced myocardial microvessel density, caused apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells, enhanced cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial apoptosis, collagen deposition, aggravated the deterioration of myocardial ultrastructure and heart function. In vitro, KN‐93 inhibited HUVECs proliferation, migration and tubule formation, and promoted apoptosis of HUVECs. The expression of NOX2, NOX4, p‐VEGFR2 and STAT3 were down‐regulated by KN‐93; mtROS level was severely reduced by KN‐93. We concluded that KN‐93 impaired angiogenesis and aggravated cardiac remodelling and heart failure via inhibiting NOX2/mtROS/p‐VEGFR2 and STAT3 pathways.
A tangled web: Comparing inter‐ and intraspecific mating dynamics in Anasa squash bugs
Authors: Greenway E. V(Ginny) , Hamel Jennifer A. , Miller Christine W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractReproductive interference, reproductive interactions between heterospecific individuals including mating, is commonly reported across taxa, but its drivers are still unclear. Studying interspecific matings in the context of their conspecific mating system—by relating an individual's conspecific mating behaviour to its heterospecific interactions—offers a powerful approach to address this uncertainty. Here, we compare inter‐ and intraspecific mating dynamics in the squash bug Anasa tristis and its close relative Anasa andresii under semi‐natural conditions. Using replicated enclosures, we surveyed the mating behaviour of individually marked A. tristis and A. andresii (five males and five females of each species per trial) at hourly intervals using a robotic camera system over a 14‐day period. We uncovered high levels of reproductive interference (19% of individuals engaged in interspecific matings), but the majority of mating activity took place between conspecifics. A. tristis females which engaged in interspecific matings had comparable hatching success with those which did not. Therefore, in this system, relatively high levels of reproductive interference may emerge under semi‐natural conditions as a by‐product of limited intraspecific pre‐copulatory choice paired with limited fitness penalties for at least one of the species involved.
Design and fabrication of a portable instrument based on elastic fiber/nano‐polypyrrole for evaluating of tensile properties of food samples
Authors: Mahmoodpour Omid , Esmaiili Mohsen , Pirsa Sajad 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this study, polypyrrole nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical methods on polyester elastic substrates. SEM images represent the uniform distribution of polypyrrole nanoparticles. Using polypyrrole modified fiber, the analysis system was designed and used as a portable texture analyzer to measure the mechanical properties of food samples. In the designed system, there was a linear and significant relationship between the changes of applied force and the electrical resistance of the elastic fiber. In this device, changes in the applied force can be obtained by tracking changes in electrical resistance. After obtaining a linear relationship between the force and electrical resistance changes for each fiber, the optimal sensor was selected by high sensitivity, the lower detection limit, and higher R2. Subsequently, for the validation of designed device, the biodegradable films based on different materials were used. The results obtained from the designed device and the texture analyzer showed that the designed device has high accuracy and error rate of less than 10%, which indicates the matching of the data obtained from the texture analyzer and the designed device. These results suggest the ability to use a designed device instead of the texture analyzer device to analysis mechanical properties of food samples.Practical applicationThe designed device is very cheap and easy to work with. The device is easily capable of measuring mechanical properties such as stress–strain curves, fracture force, and tensile strength in food products and biodegradable polymers. Due to its portability, this device is capable of on‐site analysis and reduces the cost of material analysis to a great extent.
Corruption and money laundering: You scratch my back, i’ll scratch yours
Authors: Barone Raffaella , Masciandaro Donato , Schneider Friedrich 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis paper is the first to theoretically and empirically analyse the three‐way nexus among corruption, money laundering and anti‐money‐laundering policies. Assuming that the goal of criminals involved in corruption is to minimize the probability of being detected, corruption represents a demand for money laundering (a trigger effect). In this case, money laundering serves as an effective way to clean the revenues from corruption for reinvestment (a multiplier effect). At the same time, criminals can try to maximize the likelihood that anti‐money‐laundering activities will be ineffective. Corruption can be an effective tool for maximizing this likelihood, as organized crime may corrupt financial institutions—both regulators and regulated firms—in order to prevent crime detection and, thereby, facilitate money laundering (an accelerator effect). The three‐way nexus is simulated using a sample of 100 countries for the period 1990 to 2040.
Diurnal changes of colonic motility and regulatory factors for colonic motility in Suncus murinus
Authors: Kobayashi Yuki , Takemi Shota , Sakai Takafumi , Shibata Chikashi , Sakata Ichiro 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the fundamental mechanisms of colonic motility in the house musk suncus (Suncus murinus) as an established animal model of gut motility.MethodsTo measure gut motility in free‐moving conscious suncus, strain gauge force transducers were implanted on the serosa of the colon and gastric body.Key ResultsWe recorded diurnal changes in colonic motility and observed the relationship between feeding and colonic motility. Giant migrating contractions (GMCs) of the colon were invariably detected during defecation and tended to increase during the dark period, thereby indicating that colonic motility has a circadian rhythm. Given that GMCs in the suncus were observed immediately after feeding during the dark period, we assume the occurrence of a gastrocolic reflex in suncus, similar to that observed in humans and dogs. We also examined the factors that regulate suncus GMCs. Intravenous administration of 5‐HT (100 µg/kg), substance P (10 and 100 µg/kg), calcitonin gene‐related peptide (10 µg/kg), and α2 adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine (0.5, 1, and 3 mg/kg) induced GMC‐like contractions, as did intragastric and intracolonic administration of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 agonist, capsaicin (1 mg/kg).Conclusions & InferencesThese results indicate that the fundamental mechanisms of colonic motility in suncus are similar to those in humans and dogs, and we thus propose that suncus could serve as a novel small animal model for studying colonic motility.
Visual photosensitivity threshold and objective photosensitivity luminance in healthy human eyes assessed using an automated ocular photosensitivity analyser: a step towards translation of a clinical tool for assessing photophobia
Authors: Durgam Shravya Sri , Bagari Sowjanya , Nandyala Sushma , Mohamed Ashik , Konda Nagaraju , Chaurasia Sunita , Vaddavalli Pravin K , Parel Jean‐Marie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the visual photosensitivity threshold and objective photosensitivity luminance in healthy eyes, thereby providing a normative dataset that will lead to a better understanding of diseases causing photophobia.MethodsThis was a prospective cross‐sectional study. Emmetropes whose visual acuity was better than 0.18 logMAR (6/9) with no other ocular abnormality were included. Headache Impact Test‐6 and visual light sensitivity questionnaires were administered. Visual photosensitivity threshold was measured subjectively using the ocular photosensitivity analyser. Objective photosensitivity luminance was assessed manually by evaluating videos recorded using an infrared camera and noting the intensity of light at the first squeezing reflex.ResultsSeventy five normal subjects (age range, 7–71 years) were included. Median age was 32.7 years (inter‐quartile range, 20.3–47.9 years). Forty (53.3%) were males. Median Headache Impact Test score was 38 (inter‐quartile range, 36–42) and visual light sensitivity questionnaire score was 11 (inter‐quartile range, 8–15). Mean (standard deviation) right eye, left eye and binocular visual photosensitivity threshold was 3.34 (0.78), 3.33 (0.81) and 3.37 (0.78) loglux, respectively. There was a significant negative correlation of visual light sensitivity questionnaire scores with right eye, left eye and binocular visual photosensitivity thresholds, and positive correlation of age with binocular visual photosensitivity thresholds. Mean (standard deviation) right eye, left eye and binocular objective photosensitivity luminance was 3.25 (0.55), 3.35 (0.47) and 3.15 (0.52) loglux, respectively. Age was only positively correlated with binocular objective photosensitivity luminance, and there was no correlation between age and right eye or left eye objective photosensitivity luminance.ConclusionsThe study characterised, for the first time, objective photosensitivity luminance and established normative data for both visual photosensitivity threshold and objective photosensitivity luminance. The data will help in understanding the pathophysiology of diseases causing photophobia, monitoring the disease progression and evaluating treatment modalities.
Impact of biological sex on the outcomes of spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic pain
Authors: Mekhail Nagy , Costandi Shrif , Saweris Youssef , Armanyous Sherif , Chauhan Gaurav 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) continues to gain increasing popularity in the pain management field for the treatment of different painful conditions; however, to‐date, the correlation between the SCS effectiveness and biological sex has not been fully established. We aimed to investigate the correlation between the biological sex and SCS outcomes.MethodsFollowing Institutional Review Board approval, a retrospective cohort study was performed by collecting data for patients treated with SCS at a tertiary academic center between the years 2002 and 2019. Data was assessed with multivariable linear regression to investigate the association between biological sex and pain scores at baseline, 6‐, and 12‐ months following SCS implantation. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed based on a set of covariates including age, duration of pain, time since implant, BMI, opioid medications use, smoking, depression and history of alcohol, or substance abuse.ResultsOf the patients treated with SCS implants, 418 patients fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria, out of which the majority were females (272, 65%). The pre‐matching data reported a significant difference in history of diabetes and depression and was also significant for greater opioid use in male patients at baseline, 6‐, and 12‐months post‐SCS implant. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed based on the above mentioned covariant. After matching, no statistical difference was found among the variables, in both groups. Furthermore, after matching no significant differences in the pain scores at baseline, 6‐, and 12‐months post‐SCS implant were observed.ConclusionNo biological sex‐based differences in the analgesic response to SCS therapy was detected at 6‐ and 12‐months post‐SCS implant between groups with similar demographics, biomedical, and psychological values.
Isolated nocturnal hypertension in pediatric kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Seeman Tomáš , Pfaff Mairead , Sethna Christine B. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundIsolated nocturnal hypertension (INH) is defined as nighttime hypertension in the setting of normal daytime blood pressure (BP), diagnosed by ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM).Methods and ResultsHypertension affects 60%–80% of pediatric kidney transplant recipients, and INH is the most common type of ambulatory hypertension. INH is associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension‐mediated target organ damage such as left ventricular hypertrophy in adults and in pediatric kidney transplant recipients.ConclusionAmbulatory BP monitoring should be performed annually in all pediatric kidney transplant recipients to diagnose hypertension phenotypes that are not detectable by office BP such as masked hypertension, white‐coat hypertension, or INH. Isolated nocturnal hypertension in pediatric transplant patients requires study as a treatment target.
Representation and rationality
Authors: Buchanan Ray , Dogramaci Sinan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDavid Lewis (1974, 1994/1999) proposed to reduce the facts about mental representation to facts about sensory evidence, dispositions to act, and rationality. Recently, Robert Williams (2020) and Adam Pautz (2021) have taken up and developed Lewis's project in sophisticated and novel ways. In this paper, we aim to present, clarify, and ultimately object to the core thesis that they all build their own views around. The different sophisticated developments and defenses notwithstanding, we think the core thesis is vulnerable. We pose a dilemma by considering the two sides of a current epistemological controversy over the relation between evidence and rational belief: permissivism vs. uniqueness. As we argue, the prospects for the Lewisian project look dim when either supposition is clearly made.
Baikal–Vilyui Paleoproterozoic Belt of The Siberian Platform: Regional Gold-Controlling Structure
Authors: Stogny V. V. , Stogny G. A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The article demonstrates that the placer gold content of the Vilyui Syneclise is governed by the regional structure of the crystalline basement of the Siberian Platform—the Baikal–Vilyui Paleoproterozoic belt, the boundaries and tectonics of which are substantiated by analysis of the gravitational field structure. The belt includes a system of basement blocks with a common northeastern strike, which form horsts (of the Suntar type) and grabens (of the Kempendyai type). The gold-bearing placers of the Vilyui Syneclise are mainly confined to the Suntar, Tyukyan, and Chybyda blocks of the belt, the metamorphic and igneous rocks of which were the primary gold sources in the sedimentary cover. The suture zone of the Baikal–Vilyui belt was very permeable to deep fluids responsible for gold migration. The types of possible primary gold sources (gold–platinoid, low-sulfidation gold-quartz, and gold–silver) reflect the peculiarities in the evolution of Early Precambrian gold during sedimentation in the Vilyui Syneclise. The areas controlled by the Suntar, Kempendyai, Tyukyan, Chybyda, and Khapchagai blocks of Early Precambrian rocks, which may contain gold objects, should be considered promising for buried gold placers in the Vilyui Syneclise.
The impact of childhood malnutrition on mortality from pneumonia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Kirolos Amir , Blacow Rachel M , Parajuli Arun , Welton Nicky J , Khanna Alisha , Allen Stephen J , McAllister David A , Campbell Harry , Nair Harish 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionChildhood malnutrition is widespread in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and increases the frequency and severity of infections such as pneumonia. We aimed to identify studies investigating pneumonia deaths in malnourished children and estimate mortality risk by malnutrition severity.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Global Health databases to identify relevant studies. We used a network meta-analysis to derive ORs of death from pneumonia for moderately and severely underweight children using low weight-for-age, the most reported measure of malnutrition. We compared meta-estimates of studies conducted before and after 2000 to assess changes in mortality risk over time. We estimated the prevalence of underweight hospitalised children from hospital-based cohort studies and calculated the population attributable fraction of in-hospital pneumonia deaths from being underweight using our results.ResultsOur network meta-analysis included 33 544 underweight children from 23 studies. The estimated OR of death from pneumonia was 2.0 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.6) and 4.6 (95% CI 3.7 to 5.9) for children moderately and severely underweight, respectively. The OR of death from pneumonia for those severely underweight was 5.3 (95% CI 3.9 to 7.4) pre-2000 and remained high post-2000 at 4.1 (95% CI 3.0 to 6.0). Prevalence of underweight children hospitalised with pneumonia varied (median 40.2%, range 19.6–66.3) but was high across many LMIC settings. We estimated a median 18.3% (range 10.8–34.6) and 40.9% (range 14.7–69.9) of in-hospital pneumonia deaths were attributable to being moderately and severely underweight, respectively.ConclusionsThe risk of death from childhood pneumonia dramatically increases with malnutrition severity. This risk has remained high in recent years with an estimated over half of in-hospital pneumonia deaths attributable to child malnutrition. Prevention and treatment of all child malnutrition must be prioritised to maintain progress on reducing pneumonia deaths.
Interventions to reduce stigma towards mental disorders in young people: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Núñez Daniel , Martínez Pablo , Borghero Francesca , Campos Susana , Martínez Vania 
Published: November 2021

IntroductionThe stigma towards mental disorders can limit the use and effectiveness of available mental health interventions for young people. We aim to systematically review effectiveness of interventions to reduce stigma towards mental disorders in young people, as evidence has not been recently and systematically synthesised on this topic.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised or controlled clinical trials of interventions to reduce stigma towards mental disorders in people aged 10–24 years. Studies involving a comparison group, post intervention and/or follow-up assessments of knowledge, attitudes and/or behaviours towards mental disorders (including help-seeking behaviours), will be included. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, PubMed and PsycINFO databases will be searched, without time limits, for eligible studies in English or Spanish, and with results available. Databases will be searched from July 2020 to April 2021. The study selection process, the data extraction and the critical evaluation—with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool—of included studies will be performed independently and in duplicate by teams of reviewers, with the assistance of a third party, until reaching a high degree of agreement. In the presence of substantial heterogeneity (I2>75%), a narrative synthesis of the study results will be used. If feasible, we will also conduct a quality effects model for the statistical synthesis of results. If sufficient data are available, subgroup analyses will be performed to assess potential sources of heterogeneity. Doi plots and the Luis Furuya-Kanamori index will be used to assess publication bias. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach will be used to assess the confidence in the evidence reviewed.Ethics and disseminationResults are expected to be published in a peer-reviewed journal in the field of adolescent and/or youth mental health.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020210901.
Training frequency for educating schoolchildren in basic life support: very brief 4-month rolling-refreshers versus annual retraining—a 2-year prospective longitudinal trial
Authors: Abelairas-Gómez Cristian , Martinez-Isasi Santiago , Barcala-Furelos Roberto , Varela-Casal Cristina , Carballo-Fazanes Aida , Pichel-López María , Fernández Méndez Felipe , Otero-Agra Martín , Sanchez Santos Luis , Rodriguez-Nuñez Antonio 
Published: November 2021

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of 4-month rolling-refreshers and annual retraining in basic life support (BLS) on a sample of schoolchildren.DesignProspective longitudinal trial.Setting and participantsFour hundred and seventy-two schoolchildren (8–12 years old).InterventionsSchoolchildren were instructed in BLS and then split into the following three groups: control group (CG), standard group (SG) and rolling-refresher group (RRG). Their BLS skills were assessed within 1 week (T1) and 2 years later (T2). Moreover, CG did not receive any additional training; SG received one 50 min retraining session 1 year later; RRG participated in very brief (5 min) rolling-refreshers that were carried out every 4 months.Primary and secondary outcomesHands-on skills of BLS sequence and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.ResultsBLS sequence performance was similar in all groups at T1, but SG and RRG followed the steps of the protocol in more proportion than CG at T2. When compared at T2, RRG showed higher proficiency than SG in checking safety, checking response, opening the airway and alerting emergency medical services. In addition, although the mean resuscitation quality was low in all groups, RRG participants reached a higher percentage of global quality cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CG: 16.4±24.1; SG: 25.3±28.8; RRG: 29.9%±29.4%), with a higher percentage of correct chest compressions by depth (CG: 3.9±11.8; SG: 10.8±22.7; RRG: 15.5±26.1 mm).ConclusionsIn 8-to-12-year-old schoolchildren, although annual 50 min retraining sessions help to maintain BLS performance, 4-month very brief rolling-refreshers were shown to be even more effective. Thus, we recommend implementing baseline BLS training at schools, with subsequently brief rolling-refreshers.