bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Unsteady Bénard-Marangoni Instabilities in Drying Volatile Droplets on a Heated Substrate
Authors: Gavrilina A. A. , Barash L. Yu. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We study unsteady internal flows in a sessile droplet of capillary size evaporating in constant contact line mode on a heated substrate. Three-dimensional simulations of internal flows in evaporating droplets of ethanol and silicone oil have been carried out. For describing the Marangoni flows we find it necessary to account for the diffusion of vapor in air, the thermal conduction in all three phases and thermal radiation. The equations have been solved numerically by finite element method using ANSYS Fluent. As a result of the simulations, the nonstationary behavior of Bénard-Marangoni (BM) instabilities is obtained. At the first stage, a flower structure of BM cells near the triple line emerge. For smaller contact angles, the cells grow in size and occupy the central region of the droplet surface. Being closely connected with recent experimental and theoretical studies, the results obtained help to analyze and resolve the associated issues.
Time trends in the incidence of clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in the UK 2009–2018: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pal Kingshuk , Horsfall Laura , Sharma Manuj , Nazareth Irwin , Petersen Irene 
Published: March 2021

IntroductionTo describe recent trends in the incidence of clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes in people seen in UK general practice.Research design and methodsA retrospective cohort study using IQVIA Medical Research Data looking at people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes through primary care registers in the UK between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2018.ResultsA cohort of 426 717 people were clinically diagnosed with type 2 diabetes and 418 656 people met the criteria for a diagnosis of pre-diabetes in that time period. The incidence of clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes per 1000 person years at risk (PYAR) in men decreased from a peak of 5.06 per 1000 PYAR (95% CI 4.97 to 5.15) in 2013 to 3.56 per 1000 PYAR (95% CI 3.46 to 3.66) by 2018. For women, the incidence of clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes per 1000 PYAR decreased from 4.45 (95% CI 4.37 to 4.54) in 2013 to 2.85 (2.76 to 2.93) in 2018. The incidence rate of pre-diabetes tripled by the end of the same study period in men and women.ConclusionsBetween 2009 and 2018, the incidence rate of new clinical diagnoses of type 2 diabetes recorded in a UK primary care database decreased by a third from its peak in 2013–2014, while the incidence of pre-diabetes has tripled. The implications of this on timely treatment, complication rates and mortality need further longer term exploration.
Multimorbidity, ageing and mortality: normative data and cohort study in an American population
Authors: Rocca Walter A , Grossardt Brandon R , Boyd Cynthia M , Chamberlain Alanna M , Bobo William V , St Sauver Jennifer L 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesTo describe the percentile distribution of multimorbidity across age by sex, race and ethnicity, and to demonstrate the utility of multimorbidity percentiles to predict mortality.DesignPopulation-based descriptive study and cohort study.SettingOlmsted County, Minnesota (USA).ParticipantsWe used the medical records-linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP; http://www.rochesterproject.org) to identify all residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota who reached one or more birthdays between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2014 (10 years).MethodsFor each person, we obtained the count of chronic conditions (out of 20 conditions) present on each birthday by extracting all of the diagnostic codes received in the 5 years before the index birthday from the electronic indexes of the REP. To compare each person’s count to peers of same age, the counts were transformed into percentiles of the total population and displayed graphically across age by sex, race and ethnicity. In addition, quintiles 1, 2, 4 and 5 were compared with quintile 3 (reference) to predict the risk of death at 1 year, 5 years and through end of follow-up using time-to-event analyses. Follow-up was passive using the REP.ResultsWe identified 238 010 persons who experienced a total of 1 458 094 birthdays during the study period (median of 6 birthdays per person; IQR 3–10). The percentiles of multimorbidity across age did not vary noticeably by sex, race or ethnicity. In general, there was an increased risk of mortality at 1 and 5 years for quintiles 4 and 5 of multimorbidity. The risk of mortality for quintile 5 was greater for younger age groups and for women.ConclusionsThe assignment of multimorbidity percentiles to persons in a population may be a simple and intuitive tool to assess relative health status, and to predict short-term mortality, especially in younger persons and in women.
Technical capacities needed to implement the WHO’s primary eye care package for Africa: results of a Delphi process
Authors: Aghaji Ada , Burchett Helen E D , Mathenge Wanjiku , Faal Hannah Bassey , Umeh Rich , Ezepue Felix , Isiyaku Sunday , Kyari Fatima , Wiafe Boateng , Foster Allen , Gilbert Clare E 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to establish the technical capacities needed to deliver the WHO African Region’s primary eye care package in primary healthcare facilities.DesignA two-round Delphi exercise was used to obtain expert consensus on the technical complexity of each component of the package and the technical capacities needed to deliver them using Gericke’s framework of technical feasibility. The panel comprised nine eyecare experts in primary eyecare in sub-Saharan Africa. In each round panel members used a 4-point Likert scale to indicate their level of agreement. Consensus was predefined as ≥70% agreement on each statement. For round 1, statements on technical complexity were identified through a literature search of primary eyecare in sub-Saharan Africa from January 1980 to April 2018. Statements for which consensus was achieved were included in round 2, and the technical capacities were agreed.ResultsTechnical complexity statements were classified into four broad categories: intervention characteristics, delivery characteristics, government capacity requirements and usage characteristics. 34 of the 38 (89%) statements on health promotion and 40 of the 43 (93%) statements on facility case management were considered necessary technical capacities for implementation.ConclusionThis study establishes the technical capacities needed to implement the WHO Africa Office primary eye care package, which may be generalisable to countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
Navigating choice in the face of uncertainty: using a theory informed qualitative approach to identifying potential patient barriers and enablers to participating in an early phase chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy trial
Authors: Castillo Gisell , Lalu Manoj M , Asad Sarah , Foster Madison , Kekre Natasha , Fergusson Dean A , Hawrysh Terry , Atkins Harold , Thavorn Kednapa , Montroy Joshua , Schwartz Stuart , Holt Robert A , Broady Raewyn , Presseau Justin 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesBench to bedside translation of groundbreaking treatments like chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy depends on patient participation in early phase trials. Unfortunately, many novel therapies fail to be adequately evaluated due to low recruitment rates, which slows patient access to emerging treatments. Using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), we sought to identify potential patient barriers and enablers to participating in an early phase CAR-T cell therapy trial.DesignWe used qualitative semistructured interviews to identify potential barriers and enablers to patients’ hypothetical participation in an early phase CAR-T cell therapy trial. We used the TDF and directed content analysis to identify relevant domains based on frequency, relevance and the presence of conflicting beliefs.ParticipantsCanadian adult patients diagnosed with haematological malignancies.ResultsIn total, we interviewed 13 participants (8 women, 5 men). Participants ranged in age from 18 to 73 (median=56) and had been living with haematological cancer from a few months to several years. We found participants were unfamiliar with CAR-T cell therapy but wished to know more about treatment safety, efficacy and trial logistics (domains: knowledge, beliefs about consequences). They were motivated by altruistic considerations, though many prioritised personal health benefits despite recognising the goals (ie, establishing safety) of early phase clinical trials (domains: goals, intentions). Every participant valued receiving medical advice from their haematologists and oncologists, though some preferred impartial medical experts to inform their decision making (domain: social influences). Finally, participants indicated that improving access to financial and social supports would improve their trial participation experience (domain: environmental context and resources).ConclusionUsing the TDF allowed us to identify factors that might undermine participation to a CAR-T cell therapy trial and to optimise recruitment processes by considering patient perspectives to taking part in early phase trials.Trial regestration:NCT03765177; Pre-results.
CBLBablation with CRISPR/Cas9 enhances cytotoxicity of human placental stem cell-derived NK cells for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Guo Xuan , Mahlakõiv Tanel , Ye Qian , Somanchi Srinivas , He Shuyang , Rana Hemlata , DiFiglia Andrea , Gleason Joseph , van der Touw William , Hariri Robert , Zhang Xiaokui 
Published: March 2021

BackgroundTumors often develop resistance to surveillance by endogenous immune cells, which include natural killer (NK) cells. Ex vivo activated and/or expanded NK cells demonstrate cytotoxicity against various tumor cells and are promising therapeutics for adoptive cancer immunotherapy. Genetic modification can further enhance NK effector cell activity or activation sensitization. Here, we evaluated the effect of the genetic deletion of ubiquitin ligase Casitas B-lineage lymphoma pro-oncogene-b (CBLB), a negative regulator of lymphocyte activity, on placental CD34+cell-derived NK (PNK) cell cytotoxicity against tumor cells.MethodsUsing CRISPR/Cas9 technology,CBLBwas knocked out in placenta-derived CD34+hematopoietic stem cells, followed by differentiation into PNK cells. Cell expansion, phenotype and cytotoxicity against tumor cells were characterized in vitro. The antitumor efficacy ofCBLBknockout (KO) PNK cells was tested in an acute myeloid leukemia (HL-60) tumor model in NOD-scidIL2R gammanull(NSG) mice. PNK cell persistence, biodistribution, proliferation, phenotype and antitumor activity were evaluated.Results94% ofCBLBKO efficacy was achieved using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology.CBLBKO placental CD34+cells differentiated into PNK cells with high cell yield and >90% purity determined by CD56+CD3−cell identity. Ablation ofCBLBdid not impact cell proliferation, NK cell differentiation or phenotypical characteristics of PNK cells. When compared with the unmodified PNK control,CBLBKO PNK cells exhibited higher cytotoxicity against a range of liquid and solid tumor cell lines in vitro. On infusion into busulfan-conditioned NSG mice,CBLBKO PNK cells showed in vivo proliferation and maturation as evidenced by increased expression of CD16, killer Ig-like receptors and NKG2A over 3 weeks. Additionally,CBLBKO PNK cells showed greater antitumor activity in a disseminated HL60-luciferase mouse model compared with unmodified PNK cells.ConclusionCBLBablation increased PNK cell effector function and proliferative capacity compared with non-modified PNK cells. These data suggest that targetingCBLBmay offer therapeutic advantages via enhancing antitumor activities of NK cell therapies.
Nicotine dependence of cigarette and heated tobacco users in Japan, 2019: a cross-sectional analysis of the JASTIS Study
Authors: Lau Yan Kwan , Okawa Sumiyo , Meza Rafael , Katanoda Kota , Tabuchi Takahiro 
Published: March 2021

ObjectivesJapan is currently the biggest market of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in the world. Little is known about nicotine dependence among HTP users. Thus, the objective was to assess the association of type of tobacco use and time-to-first-use, a marker of nicotine dependence.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis of the 2019 data from an internet cohort study was conducted. The analytical sample consisted of 2147 current (≥1 day use in the past 30 days) HTP and/or conventional cigarette users, aged 25+ years. Marginal structural binomial regression was used to estimate nicotine dependence prevalence ratios (PRs) for each category of tobacco use (exclusive daily cigarette, exclusive HTP (≥1 day), dual HTP+daily cigarette, dual HTP+non-daily cigarette), relative to exclusive, non-daily cigarette smoking.ResultsUsing a 5 min cut-off for time-to-first-use, the prevalence of nicotine dependence was higher among dual users of HTP and daily cigarettes (PR=1.38; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.82) and exclusive, daily cigarette users (PR=1.48; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.91), relative to exclusive, non-daily cigarette users. However, nicotine dependence among exclusive HTP users, and dual HTP+non-daily cigarette users, did not differ from that of exclusive, non-daily cigarette users. When using 15 and 30 min cut-offs, all types of users, including exclusive HTP, had higher levels of nicotine dependence relative to exclusive, non-daily cigarette users.ConclusionsRegardless of HTP use, daily cigarette users had higher prevalence of nicotine dependence compared with non-daily cigarette users. Exclusive HTP users had similar (or potentially higher) dependence compared with exclusive, non-daily cigarette users. Longitudinal studies are needed to interrogate the public health implications of growing HTP use worldwide.
Charge screening in the Abelian Higgs model
Authors: Forgács Péter , Lukács Árpád 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn the Abelian Higgs model electric (and magnetic) fields of external charges (and currents) are screened by the scalar field. In this contribution, complementing recent investigations of Ishihara and Ogawa, we present a detailed investigation of charge screening using a perturbative approach with the charge strength as an expansion parameter. It is shown how perfect global and remarkably good local screening can be derived from Gauss’ theorem, and the asymptotic form of the fields far from the sources. The perturbative results are shown to compare favourably to the numerical ones.
Reduction of Feynman integrals in the parametric representation II: reduction of tensor integrals
Authors: Chen Wen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn a recent paper by the author (Chen in JHEP 02:115, 2020), the reduction of Feynman integrals in the parametric representation was considered. Tensor integrals were directly parametrized by using a generator method. The resulting parametric integrals were reduced by constructing and solving parametric integration-by-parts (IBP) identities. In this paper, we furthermore show that polynomial equations for the operators that generate tensor integrals can be derived. Based on these equations, two methods to reduce tensor integrals are developed. In the first method, by introducing some auxiliary parameters, tensor integrals are parametrized without shifting the spacetime dimension. The resulting parametric integrals can be reduced by using the standard IBP method. In the second method, tensor integrals are (partially) reduced by using the technique of Gröbner basis combined with the application of symbolic rules. The unreduced integrals can further be reduced by solving parametric IBP identities.
Pathological Discrepancy: Simple Mesenteric Cyst vs. Mesenteric Lymphangioma
Authors: Aliukonis Vygintas , Lasinskas Marius , Pilvelis Algirdas , Gradauskas Audrius 
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Both mesenteric cysts and cystic lymphangiomas are scarce and clinically and radiologically almost identical derivatives, but their histological structure is fundamentally different. Case Presentation. A 52-year-old woman was consulted by a surgeon for a derivative felt in her abdomen. The patient said she felt a growing derivative in the abdomen about a month ago. After consulting and testing, a sigmoid colon mesenteric cyst (

13

cm
×
11

cm
×
10

cm

) was found. Complete excision of the cyst within healthy tissues was performed through laparotomy. The surgery had no complications. The initial pathological answer was a simple mesothelial cyst (a rare histological finding). However, immunohistochemical tests were performed that showed that diagnosis was mesenteric cystic lymphangioma (ML). Cystic lymphangiomas that have a link to the mesentery have been described less than 200 times. Conclusions. Final differential diagnosis between different cystic derivatives is possible only based on histopathological examinations. Mesenteric lymphangioma is most common at a very young age, but in rare cases, it also occurs in adults. All clinicians should increase their awareness of the disease.
Protective effect of Luteolin on atopic dermatitis murine model via IgE mediated immune response
Authors: Wang Jian , Li Gang , Zhang Haixiu , Xie Ying 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a serious inflammatory condition associated with severe itching and persistent eczematous lesion. Therefore, the present study was intended to scrutinize the beneficial effect of Luteolin (LT) on the atopic dermatitis murine model. The effect of LT was investigated on the various parameters, such as oxidative stress and inflammation after induction of AD. The serum level of IgE, and cells of the WBC family (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and total WBC) and histopathological analysis of skin tissue were also examined to confirm the effect of LT. Results of the study suggested that LT significantly inhibited the elevated IgE level together with improvement in injured skin tissue architecture. It also reduces oxidative stress (MDA, SOD, and GSH) and inflammation (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17A) as evidenced by ELISA analysis. The level of examined WBC family cells was found reduced significantly as compared to the AD model group. In western blot analysis, LT showed significant down-regulation of NF-ĸB and TLR-4. Collectively, our results suggest that LT can effectively reverse the effect of atopic dermatitis via improving immunological response.
Impact of Global Warming on Snow in Ski Areas: A Case Study Using a Regional Climate Simulation over the Interior Western United States
Authors: Lackner Christian Philipp , Geerts Bart , Wang Yonggang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA high-resolution (4 km) regional climate simulation conducted with the Weather Research and Forecasting Model is used to investigate potential impacts of global warming on skiing conditions in the interior western United States (IWUS). Recent-past and near-future climate conditions are compared. The past climate period is from November 1981 to October 2011. The future climate applies to a 30-yr period centered on 2050. A pseudo–global warming approach is used, with the driver reanalysis dataset perturbed by the CMIP5 ensemble mean model guidance. Using the 30-yr retrospective simulation, a vertical adjustment technique is used to determine meteorological parameters in the complex terrain where ski areas are located. For snow water equivalent (SWE), Snowpack Telemetry sites close to ski areas are used to validate the technique and apply a correction to SWE in ski areas. The vulnerability to climate change is assessed for 71 ski areas in the IWUS considering SWE, artificially produced snow, temperature, and rain; 20 of the ski areas will tend to have fewer than 100 days per season with sufficient natural and artificial snow for skiing. These ski areas are located at either low elevations or low latitudes, making these areas the most vulnerable to climate change. Throughout the snow season, natural SWE decreases significantly at the low elevations and low latitudes. At higher elevations, changes in SWE are predicted to not be significant in the midseason. In mid-February, SWE decreases by 11.8% at the top elevations of ski areas and decreases by 25.8% at the base elevations.
Temporal Duration of the East Asian Summer Monsoon Substantially Affects Surface Energy Exchange over the Summer Monsoon Transition Zone of China
Authors: Li Hongyu , Zhang Qiang , Yue Ping , Zhang Liang , Niu Xiaochen , Zhang Hongli , Xing Kaicheng , Jing Yuanyuan , Shang Guofei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractInvestigating the response of land surface energy exchange to key climatic signals such as the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) is essential for understanding the intensive interactions in the Earth system. This study focuses on the summer monsoon transition zone (SMTZ) in China, which has a climate rather sensitive to the EASM activity, and examined the response of land surface energy exchange over the SMTZ to summer monsoon activity. A flux evaluation of five reanalysis/modeling data sets indicates that JRA-55(the Japane 55-year Reanalysis) reasonably represents interannual variations of surface heat fluxes over the SMTZ. The EASM activity is accurately identified in the SMTZ by introducing a monsoon temporal duration index (MTDI), which presents climate variations of summer rainfall and EASM activity better than commonly used summer monsoon indexes. Based on MTDI and long-term flux data sets, it was found that the interannual fluctuation of the EASM intensively controls surface energy partitioning and turbulent heat exchange but has a weak impact on radiative processes over the SMTZ. Furthermore, surface sensible and latent heat fluxes significantly responded to the influential period of the summer monsoon, exhibiting approximately quadratic/logarithmic relationships with the MTDI. More prominent interannual variabilities of turbulent heat fluxes were observed in weak summer monsoon years, during which an active interaction between surface energy exchange and a warming and drying climate occurred. An ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) analysis confirms that EASM activity dominates the quasi-biennial and multidecadal variations of turbulent heat fluxes over the SMTZ, which may be achieved by the transport of tropical quasi-biennial and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) signals to the mid-latitudes of East Asia. The expected intensification of summer monsoon activity in the future may induce acceleration of energy and hydrological cycle and exert a substantial impact on the availability of water and the ecosystem stability over the SMTZ.