bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empowered Stakeholders: Female University Students’ Leadership During the COVID-19-Triggered On-campus Evictions in Canada and the United States
Authors: Wu Haorui , Perez-Lugo Marla , Garcia Cecilio Ortiz , Crespo Frances Gonzalez , Castillo Adriana 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe study of disaster-specific leadership of female university students has been largely neglected, especially during on-campus emergency eviction and evacuation. Based on the COVID-19-triggered, on-campus evictions across Canada and the United States, this cross-national partnership examined the out-of-province/state and international female university students’ leadership during the entire eviction process. Through in-depth interviews, this study revealed the female university students’ leadership behaviors during three stages: (1) pre-eviction: their self-preparedness formed an emotional foundation to support others; (2) peri-eviction: their attitude and leadership behavior enabled them to facilitate (psychologically and physically) their peers’ eviction process; and (3) post-eviction: they continued to support their peers virtually and raised the general public’s awareness regarding the plight of vulnerable and marginalized populations. This article argues that the female university students’ leadership that emerged during the eviction process became complementary to and even augmented the universities’ official efforts and beyond. This leadership represents empirical evidence that contributes to the existing literature on gender and leadership by demonstrating female youth as empowered stakeholders rather than as merely passive victims. Future studies could develop detailed stratification of gender and age dimensions in order to portray a more comprehensive picture of the younger generation’s leadership in hazards and disaster research and practice.
Required Longitudinal Service-Learning and Its Effects on Medical Students’ Attitudes Toward the Underserved
Authors: Arebalos Monica Rose , Botor Faun Lee , Simanton Edward , Young Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough medical students enter medicine with altruistic motives and seek to serve indigent populations, studies show that medical students’ attitudes towards the undeserved tend to worsen significantly as they go through their medical education. This finding emphasizes the need for medical educators to implement activities such as service-learning that may help mitigate this negative trend.All students at the University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV) School of Medicine are required to participate in longitudinal service-learning throughout medical school, and a majority of students interact with the underserved at their service-learning sites. Using the previously validated Medical Student Attitudes Towards the Underserved (MSATU), independent sample T-tests showed that students who interact with underserved populations at their sites scored with significantly better attitudes towards the underserved at the end of their preclinical phase. Subjects included 58 medical students with 100% taking the MSATU. This result indicates that longitudinal service-learning, particularly when it includes interaction with the underserved, can be one method to combat the worsening of medical students’ attitudes as they complete their medical education.
Surgical Reconstruction of Penile Curvature due to Peyronie’s Disease by Plaque Incision and Buccal Mucosa Graft
Authors: Ainayev Yernur , Zhanbyrbekuly Ulanbek , Gaipov Abduzhappar , Suleiman Makhmud , Kadyrzhanuly Kainar , Kissamedenov Nurlan , Zhaparov Ulan , Akhmetov Daniyar , Khairli Gafur 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBackground/aimWe aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of penile plaque incision and buccal mucosa grafting in patients with stable-phase Peyronie’s disease (PD).MethodsThis was a prospective evaluation of patients with stable-phase PD who were treated by plaque incision and buccal mucosa grafting. Preoperative evaluation included International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire (IIEF-5), measurement of erect penile length, and penile Doppler ultrasound during prostaglandin-induced erection. At 3- and 24-month follow-up visits, penile length and residual curvature were measured along with penile Doppler ultrasound and IIEF5 questionnaires. Patient and sexual partner satisfaction were also assessed at 24-month-visit.RESULTSThe study was completed with 20 patients (mean age 46.5 ± 9.9 years). Dorsal curvature was the most frequent site of curvature (45%). The median curvature at preoperative evaluation was 45°(range 40-90°). The postoperative median curvatures were 5°(5-10, IQR) and 7°(5-10, IQR) at 3- and 24-month postoperatively, respectively. Success rate was 95% at 3-month and 90% at 24-month. There was no significant penile shortening. The mean IIEF-5 score was 17.5 ± 2.2 at preoperative evaluation. The median IIEF-5 scores were calculated as 20.1 ± 2.2 and 21.3 ± 2.2 at 3-month and 24-month visits, respectively (p&lt;0.0001). Compared with baseline IIEF-5 score, both postoperative IIEF-5 scores were significantly higher. There was no de novo erectile dysfunction. There were no serious complications during and after the surgery. Ten percent of patients were poorly satisfied with the results of the surgery.CONCLUSIONCorporoplasty with buccal mucosa graft led to excellent structural and functional results and patient satisfaction.
Health Literacy During Pandemic and Education
Authors: Molnar Andreea 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the importance of health literacy. This commentary discusses the consequences of poor health literacy and argues that we need to improve health literacy. Better health literacy has the potential to improve community trust, alleviate health disparities, and improve the results of the immediate response required in the early stages of a pandemic. The commentary argues that health literacy has to be addressed as part of mandatory school curriculum. Methods on how to improve and provide equitable access to education are also discussed.
A dichotomy for bounded displacement equivalence of Delone sets
Authors: SMILANSKY YOTAM , SOLOMON YAAR 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe prove that in every compact space of Delone sets in
${\mathbb {R}}^d$
, which is minimal with respect to the action by translations, either all Delone sets are uniformly spread or continuously many distinct bounded displacement equivalence classes are represented, none of which contains a lattice. The implied limits are taken with respect to the Chabauty–Fell topology, which is the natural topology on the space of closed subsets of
${\mathbb {R}}^d$
. This topology coincides with the standard local topology in the finite local complexity setting, and it follows that the dichotomy holds for all minimal spaces of Delone sets associated with well-studied constructions such as cut-and-project sets and substitution tilings, whether or not finite local complexity is assumed.
Acute exercise improves glucose and TAG metabolism in young and older adults following high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal intake
Authors: Kurti Stephanie P. , Frick Hannah , Wisseman William S. , Malin Steven K. , Edwards David A. , Emerson Sam R. , Edwards Elizabeth S. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA single high-fat, high-carbohydrate meal (HFHC) results in elevated postprandial glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TAG) and metabolic load index (MLI; TAG (mg/dl) + GLU (mg/dl)) that contributes to chronic disease risk. While disease risk is higher in older adults (OA) compared to younger adults (YA), the acute effects of exercise on these outcomes in OA is understudied. Twelve YA (age 23.3 ± 3.9 yrs, n = 5 M/7 F) and 12 OA (age 67·7 ± 6.0 yrs, n = 8 M/4 F) visited the laboratory in random order to complete a HFHC with no exercise (NE) or acute exercise (EX) condition. EX was performed 12 hours prior to HFHC at an intensity of 65 % of maximal heart rate to expend 75 % of the kcals consumed in HFHC (Marie Callender’s Chocolate Satin Pie; 12 kcal/kgbw; 57 % fat, 37 % CHO). Blood samples were taken at 0, 30, 60, 90 minutes, and then every hour until 6 hours post-meal. TAG levels increased to a larger magnitude in OA (Δ∼61 ± 31 %) compared to YA (Δ∼37 ± 34 %, P < 0·001), which were attenuated in EX compared to NE (P < 0·05) independent of age. There was no difference in GLU between OA and YA after the HFM, however, EX had attenuated GLU independent of age (NE: Δ∼21 ± 26 %; EX: Δ∼12 ± 18 %, P = 0·027). MLI was significantly lower after EX compared to NE in OA and YA (P < 0·001). Pre-prandial EX reduced TAG, GLU and MLI post-HFHC independent of age.
Winning Hearts and Minds for Rebel Rulers: Foreign Aid and Military Contestation in Syria
Authors: Carnegie Allison , Howe Kimberly , Lichtenheld Adam G. , Mukhopadhyay Dipali 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA primary objective of foreign aid in conflict zones is to help political actors win citizens’ ‘hearts and minds’. Previous studies have focused on assistance provided to state actors; however, this article examines aid's impact on rebel governance. It argues that aid only bolsters opinions of rebel governors where military control is uncontested. In contested areas, rebels lose credibility if they cannot offer protection, and they have difficulty delivering – and receiving credit for – services in insecure environments crowded with competitors. Using novel data from the Syrian civil war, this article shows that aid improves opinions of opposition councils in uncontested areas but not in communities experiencing intra-rebel conflict. It also explores the underlying mechanisms using in-depth interviews with residents of Aleppo City and Saraqeb. The findings reveal a more nuanced relationship among aid, military competition and governance than prior studies have suggested, which has implications for both scholars and policy makers.
Endozoochorous seed dispersal of glyphosate-resistant Lolium multiflorum by cattle
Authors: Schaedler C. E. , Scalcon R. M. , Viero J. L. C. , Chiapinotto D. M. , David D. B. , Rosa F. Q. , Azevedo E. B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLolium multiflorum, one of the most important temperate forage grasses in the world, is used in integrated crop-livestock systems and as a cover crop. However, it is also one of the main weeds in winter crops. The continuous use of glyphosate to manage this species has led to the selection of resistant biotypes (LOLMU-R), making it important to prevent the dispersal of these seeds. This study aimed to assess the recovery and germination of LOLMU-R that have passed through the digestive system of cattle. The experiments were carried out in metabolism cages, using a completely randomized design with six replications. The animals were given 12 112 seeds each, which were recovered from their faeces over a period of 6 days. Germination of the recovered seeds was assessed in a germination chamber and compared against a control (no animal passage). After germination, a glyphosate dose-response curve was constructed. The results obtained showed a total recovery of 1109 seeds (9.1%), with maximum recovery 2 days after ingestion, decreasing to almost zero on day 6. Germination declined linearly as a function of recovery time; however, 4 days after ingestion, germination potential was 18%. The dose-response curve proved the resistance of the recovered seeds. Cattle is a dispersal agent for LOLMU-R seeds, with animals requiring 7 days of quarantine before moving from one infested area to another.
Non-suicidal self-injury among first-year college students and its association with mental disorders: results from the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) initiative
Authors: Kiekens Glenn , Hasking Penelope , Bruffaerts Ronny , Alonso Jordi , Auerbach Randy P. , Bantjes Jason , Benjet Corina , Boyes Mark , Chiu Wai Tat , Claes Laurence , Cuijpers Pim , Ebert David D. , Mak Arthur , Mortier Philippe , O'Neill Siobhan , Sampson Nancy A. , Stein Dan J. , Vilagut Gemma , Nock Matthew K. , Kessler Ronald C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an issue of major concern to colleges worldwide, we lack detailed information about the epidemiology of NSSI among college students. The objectives of this study were to present the first cross-national data on the prevalence of NSSI and NSSI disorder among first-year college students and its association with mental disorders.MethodsData come from a survey of the entering class in 24 colleges across nine countries participating in the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH-ICS) initiative assessed in web-based self-report surveys (20 842 first-year students). Using retrospective age-of-onset reports, we investigated time-ordered associations between NSSI and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-IV) mood (major depressive and bipolar disorder), anxiety (generalized anxiety and panic disorder), and substance use disorders (alcohol and drug use disorder).ResultsNSSI lifetime and 12-month prevalence were 17.7% and 8.4%. A positive screen of 12-month DSM-5 NSSI disorder was 2.3%. Of those with lifetime NSSI, 59.6% met the criteria for at least one mental disorder. Temporally primary lifetime mental disorders predicted subsequent onset of NSSI [median odds ratio (OR) 2.4], but these primary lifetime disorders did not consistently predict 12-month NSSI among respondents with lifetime NSSI. Conversely, even after controlling for pre-existing mental disorders, NSSI consistently predicted later onset of mental disorders (median OR 1.8) as well as 12-month persistence of mental disorders among students with a generalized anxiety disorder (OR 1.6) and bipolar disorder (OR 4.6).ConclusionsNSSI is common among first-year college students and is a behavioral marker of various common mental disorders.
Gender separation and the speech community: Rhoticity in early 20th century Southland New Zealand English
Authors: Villarreal Dan , Clark Lynn , Hay Jennifer , Watson Kevin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe existence of a shared constraint hierarchy is one of the criteria that defines and delimits speech communities. In particular, women and men are thought to differ only in their rates of variable usage, not in the constraints governing their variation; that is, women and men are typically considered to belong to the same speech community. We find that in early twentieth century Southland, New Zealand, women and men had different constraint hierarchies for rhoticity, with a community grammar of rhoticity only developing later. These results may be a product of a particular set of sociohistorical facts thatare not peculiar to Southland. We suggest that further research in other geographical locations may indeed reveal that men and women have different constraint hierarchies for other variables. Speech communities may thus be delimited along social lines in ways that have not been previously considered.
Clustered 3-colouring graphs of bounded degree
Authors: Dujmović Vida , Esperet Louis , Morin Pat , Walczak Bartosz , Wood David R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA (not necessarily proper) vertex colouring of a graph hasclustering cif every monochromatic component has at mostcvertices. We prove that planar graphs with maximum degree$\Delta$are 3-colourable with clustering$O(\Delta^2)$. The previous best bound was$O(\Delta^{37})$. This result for planar graphs generalises to graphs that can be drawn on a surface of bounded Euler genus with a bounded number of crossings per edge. We then prove that graphs with maximum degree$\Delta$that exclude a fixed minor are 3-colourable with clustering$O(\Delta^5)$. The best previous bound for this result was exponential in$\Delta$.
A rare case of pulmonary lymphangiectasia associated with CHD
Authors: Henriques Cláudio , Lai Ana , Andrade Helena , Pina Raquel , Marinho-da-Silva António , Pires António 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCHD may, at times, occur in the framework of other rare pathologies. These, having similar clinical manifestations, present a diagnostic dilemma for the clinician.The authors present the case of an infant with non-syndromic complete atrioventricular septal defect, whose post-operative period was surprisingly complicated by progressive pulmonary hypertension. Despite intensive care, the infant ultimately died. The diagnosis of unilateral primary pulmonary lymphangiectasia was only possible post mortem.
Celebrating a Century of Women in the Law: Using Historical Exhibitions to Enhance User Engagement and Promote a Library Service
Authors: Curley Vanessa , Foley Sarah 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn 2019 the Bar of Ireland Law Library launched an online exhibition detailing the first one hundred years of women in the law in Ireland and the first one hundred women called to the Irish Bar. The online exhibition coincided with the centenary celebrations of the Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act 1919 and a physical exhibition curated in collaboration with the Honorable Society of Kings Inns and the Law Society of Ireland. This article by Vanessa Curley and Sarah Foley explores the background to how Law Library staff became involved in creating historical exhibitions, the development of a digital archive of The Bar of Ireland and curating online exhibitions to complement this. It will also discuss the benefits of such activities to the Law Library service and the wider Bar of Ireland.
Astrobiologists are rational but not Bayesian
Authors: Bains William , Petkowski Janusz Jurand 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe search for biosignatures is likely to generate controversial results, with no single biosignature being clear proof of the presence of life. Bayesian statistical frameworks have been suggested as a tool for testing the effect that a new observation has on our belief in the presence of life on another planet. We test this approach here using the tentative discovery of phosphine on Venus as an example of a possible detection of a biosignature on an otherwise well-characterized planet. We report on a survey of astrobiologists' views on the likelihood of life on Enceladus, Europa, Mars, Titan and Venus before the announcement of the detection of phosphine in Venus' atmosphere (the Bayesian Prior Probability) and after the announcement (the Posterior Probability). Survey results show that respondents have a general view on the likelihood of life on any world, independent of the relative ranking of specific bodies, and that there is a distinct ‘fans of icy moons’ sub-community. The announcement of the potential presence of phosphine on Venus resulted in the community showing a small but significant increase in its confidence that there was life on Venus; nevertheless the community still considers Venus to be the least likely abode of life among the five targets considered, last after Titan. We derive a Bayesian formulation that explicitly includes both the uncertainty in the interpretation of the signal as well as uncertainty in whether phosphine on Venus could have been produced by life. We show that although the community has shown rational restraint about a highly unexpected and still tentative detection, their changing expectations do not fit a Bayesian model.
Exploring the Potential of Using Carbonyl Sulfide to Track the Urban Biosphere Signal
Authors: Villalba Gara , Whelan Mary , Montzka Stephen A. , Cameron‐Smith Philip J. , Fischer Marc , Zumkehr Andrew , Hilton Tim , Stinecipher James , Baker Ian , Bambha Ray P. , Michelsen Hope A. , LaFranchi Brian W. , Estruch Carme , Campbell Elliott 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCities are implementing additional urban green as a means to capture CO2 and become more carbon neutral. However, cities are complex systems where anthropogenic and natural components of the CO2 budget interact with each other, and the ability to measure the efficacy of such measures is still not properly addressed. There is still a high degree of uncertainty in determining the contribution of the vegetation signal, which furthermore confounds the use of CO2 mole fraction measurements for inferring anthropogenic emissions of CO2. Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is a tracer of photosynthesis which can aid in constraining the biosphere signal. This study explores the potential of using OCS to track the urban biosphere signal. We used the Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM) to simulate the OCS concentrations and the Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach ecosystem model to simulate global CO2 fluxes over the Bay Area of San Francisco during March 2015. Two observation towers provided measurements of OCS and CO2: The Sutro tower in San Francisco (upwind from the area of study providing background observations), and a tower located at Sandia National Laboratories in Livermore (downwind of the highly urbanized San Francisco region). Our results show that the STEM model works better under stable marine influence, and that the boundary layer height and entrainment are driving the diurnal changes in OCS and CO2 at the downwind Sandia site. However, the STEM model needs to better represent the transport and boundary layer variability, and improved estimates of gross primary productivity for characterizing the urban biosphere signal are needed.
Energetic Requirements for Dynamos in the Metallic Cores of Super‐Earth and Super‐Venus Exoplanets
Authors: Blaske C. H. , O’Rourke J. G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSuper‐Earth and super‐Venus exoplanets may have similar bulk compositions but dichotomous surface conditions and mantle dynamics. Vigorous convection within their metallic cores may produce dynamos and thus magnetospheres if the total heat flow out of the core exceeds a critical value. Earth has a core‐hosted dynamo because plate tectonics cools the core relatively rapidly. In contrast, Venus has no dynamo and its deep interior probably cools slowly. Here, we develop scaling laws for how planetary mass affects the minimum heat flow required to sustain both thermal and chemical convection, which we compare to a simple model for the actual heat flow conveyed by solid‐state mantle convection. We found that the required heat flows increase with planetary mass (to a power of ∼0.8–0.9), but the actual heat flow may increase even faster (to a power of ∼1.6). Massive super‐Earths are likely to host a dynamo in their metallic cores if their silicate mantles are entirely solid. Super‐Venuses with relatively slow mantle convection could host a dynamo if their mass exceeds ∼1.5 (with an inner core) or ∼4 (without an inner core) Earth‐masses. However, the mantles of massive rocky exoplanets might not be completely solid. Basal magma oceans may reduce the heat flow across the core‐mantle boundary and smother any core‐hosted dynamo. Detecting a magnetosphere at an Earth‐mass planet probably signals Earth‐like geodynamics. In contrast, magnetic fields may not reliably reveal if a massive exoplanet is a super‐Earth or a super‐Venus. We eagerly await direct observations in the next few decades.