bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epibiosis in sedimentary coastal environments: Effects of an introduced barnacle on a native mussel
Authors: Burgueño Sandoval Giuliana Marianela , Narvarte Maite Andrea , Firstater Fausto Nahuel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn the mobile sedimentary environment of San Antonio Bay (northern Patagonia), where hard substrate is scarce, the mussel Brachidontes rodriguezii dominates the intertidal zone, there being covered by the introduced epibiotic barnacle Balanus glandula. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution and the recruitment of B. glandula on different non‐living substrates (cobbles, biogenic debris) and on live‐mussel shells and to assess the effect of the epibiotic interaction on the condition index and the attachment strength of B. rodriguezii. Field samplings revealed that adult barnacles mainly fouled live mussels, with the main differences in biomass being between the high and mid‐intertidal. These differences in barnacle biomass between heights and substrates were greater in spring and autumn than in winter and summer. To assess the recruitment of barnacles, we performed a field experiment manipulating living and non‐living substrates. We found no differences in the density of barnacles recruitment; thus, the barnacle distribution on different substrates throughout the intertidal would vary solely according to the settling substrates available. The relationship between epibiosis and the condition index exhibited no pattern. Furthermore, the experimental manipulation of epibiosis (i.e., removing epibionts or adding epibionts mimics) did not affect the condition of the mussels. Finally, the attachment strength of mussels with epibionts was up to fivefold greater than that of clean mussels. In a system with high tidal hydrodynamic energy, epibiosis is thus seen to stimulate a greater byssal production in mussels for the prevention of detachment.
Hook‐basal‐body assembly state dictates substrate specificity of the flagellar type‐III secretion system
Authors: Guse Alina , Halte Manuel , Hüsing Svenja , Erhardt Marc 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe assembly of the bacterial flagellum is orchestrated by the secretion of distinct early and late secretion substrates via the flagellar‐specific type‐III secretion system (fT3SS). However, how the fT3SS is able to distinguish between the different (early and late) substrate classes during flagellar assembly remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the substrate selectivity and specificity of the fT3SS of Salmonella enterica at different assembly stages. For this, we developed an experimental setup that allowed us to synchronize hook‐basal‐body assembly and to monitor early and late substrate secretion of fT3SSs operating in either early or late secretion mode, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the fT3SS features a remarkable specificity for only the substrates required at the respective assembly stage. No crosstalk of substrates was observed for fT3SSs operating in the opposing secretion mode. We further found that a substantial fraction of fT3SS surprisingly remained in early secretion mode. Our results thus suggest that the secretion substrate specificity switch of the fT3SS is unidirectional and irreversible. The developed secretion substrate reporter system further provides a platform for future investigations of the underlying molecular mechanisms of the elusive substrate recognition of the T3SS.
Phenotypic plasticity of melanocytes derived from human adult skin
Authors: Vidács Dániel László , Veréb Zoltán , Bozó Renáta , Flink Lili Borbála , Polyánka Hilda , Németh István Balázs , Póliska Szilárd , Papp Benjamin Tamás , Manczinger Máté , Gáspár Róbert , Mirdamadi Seyedmohsen , Kemény Lajos , Bata‐Csörgő Zsuzsanna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWe previously described a novel in vitro culture technique for dedifferentiated human adult skin melanocytes. Melanocytes cultured in a defined, cholera toxin and PMA free medium became bipolar, unpigmented, and highly proliferative. Furthermore, TRP‐1 and c‐Kit expression disappeared and EGFR receptor and nestin expression were induced in the cells. Here, we further characterized the phenotype of these dedifferentiated cells and by comparing them to mature pigmented melanocytes we detected crucial steps in their phenotype change. Our data suggest that normal adult melanocytes easily dedifferentiate into pluripotent stem cells given the right environment. This dedifferentiation process described here for normal melanocyte is very similar to what has been described for melanoma cells, indicating that phenotype switching driven by environmental factors is a general characteristic of melanocytes that can occur independent of malignant transformation.
Physical fitness and activities of daily living in primary ciliary dyskinesia: A retrospective study
Authors: Sonbahar‐Ulu Hazal , Cakmak Aslihan , Inal‐Ince Deniz , Vardar‐Yagli Naciye , Yatar Ilker , Calik‐Kutukcu Ebru , Saglam Melda , Tekerlek Haluk , Bozdemir‐Ozel Cemile , Arikan Hulya , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Ozcelik Ugur 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPrimary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare, hereditary, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections. This study aimed to compare pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, physical fitness, and activities of daily living (ADLs) retrospectively between patients with PCD and healthy controls.MethodsData from 20 patients with PCD and 20 matched, healthy counterparts recorded between July 2015 and January 2017 were analyzed. The data evaluated and recorded included pulmonary function using a portable spirometer, respiratory muscle strength (using a mouth pressure device, exercise capacity using the incremental shuttle walk test,), physical fitness (using the Munich Fitness Test), and ADLs (using the Glittre ADL test).ResultsPulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, incremental shuttle walk test scores (all parameters), and total Munich Fitness Test scores were lower in the PCD group relative to controls (P < 0.05). The duration to complete the Glittre ADL test was higher in PCD patients than in healthy subjects (P < 0.05).ConclusionsPulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, exercise capacity, physical fitness, and ADL were affected by PCD. Thus, pulmonary rehabilitation regimens should be tailored according to these impacts.
Smithian sympathy and the emergence of norms
Authors: Hankins Keith , Thrasher John 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAdam Smith's impartial spectator and David Hume's general point of view have much in common, as do their moral theories more generally. However, this paper argues that a distinctive feature of Smith's theory—the pleasure of mutual sympathy—allows Smith to better explain a number of important features of norms. In particular, it provides Smith with a more plausible mechanism for explaining how norms emerge, and offers him a richer set of resources for explaining both why we are attracted to norms and why norms are often characterized by local similarity and global diversity. Rather than merely being a matter of historical interest, though, this paper argues that this aspect of Smith's theory warrants attention from contemporary social scientists interested in the nature of norms, as well as from philosophers interested in how we might look to our sentiments to ground our normative practices.
Notes on rehabilitating “magic” in the study of early Christian literature
Authors: Patel Shaily Shashikant 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article offers an introduction to the study of magic in early Christian literature. In the first part of the article, I discuss the types of evidence scholars of early Christian texts often use to “reconstruct” ancient magic, as well as the methodological problems associated with these scholarly reconstructions. In the second part, I argue for the rehabilitating “magic” as a critical category in the study of early Christian literature despite the problems outlined throughout this article. Ultimately, I claim that the modern conceptual baggage associated with magic has resistive potential in undermining dominant historiographical narratives of how Christianity developed as something wholly distinct from magic.
Review on geology and mineralization of North Korea (I: Precambrian)
Authors: Lee Bum Han , Koh Sang‐Mo , Kim Namhoon , You Byoung‐Woon 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this review, we introduce the geology and mineralization of the northern part of the Korean Peninsula based on recently published data in North Korea. Geological characteristics and events are described in order of geological period and the representative mineral deposits are presented according to the geologic period to show the relationship between the geology and mineralization. In particular, we rearrange the stratigraphy of the Precambrian basement and reset the timing of intrusion and mineralization based mainly on the reported zircon U–Pb age data. The Precambrian geotectonic provinces of North Korea contain continental cores and massifs, active continental margins, and rift zones. The Precambrian strata between the eastern North China Craton (NCC) and North Korea are newly correlated considering rearranged stratigraphy in this review. The Precambrian strata of North Korea are characterized by the depletion of the Paleoproterozoic to Mesoproterozoic strata compared to the NCC from 1.8 to 1.5 Ga. It may indicate that the northern part of the Korean Peninsula was the passive continental margin environment during this period. The common occurrences of bimodal igneous suites (mafic‐felsic and alkaline‐subalkaline) are also characteristic of North Korea. The bimodal magmatism is well explained by the progressive tectonic evolution from oceanic crust‐continent subduction (2.0–2.2 Ga) and island arc–continent collision (~1.9 Ga) to post collisional extension (1.82–1.87 Ga) in the NCC including North Korea. The Precambrian geological similarities between Northeastern China and North Korea would have resulted in the same or similar mineralization. For example, Algoma type banded iron formations of the Fe deposits of the Anshan–Benxi area in China and Musan Fe deposit in North Korea were formed during the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic. Sedimentary exhalative type Pb–Zn and metasedimentary type magnesite deposits were formed within the Jiao‐Liao‐Ji belt extending from the Liaoning Rift Zone of China (Pb–Zn deposits in the Qingchenzi orefield and magnesite deposits in Dashiqiao magnesite belt) to the Macheollyeong Rift Zone of North Korea (Geomdeok Pb–Zn deposit and Daeheung–Ryongyang magnesite deposits) during Paleoproterozoic. The geotectonic, geological and metallogenic similarities between Northeastern China and North Korea indicate that the Precambrian continental massifs of North Korea might be evolved in accordance with the NCC evolution. This review is expected to be helpful for understanding the geotectonics, geology, and related mineralization of the northern part of Korean Peninsula and correlating with those of the NCC.
Preliminary Study on the Effect of Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilization on Phytochemical Content Quality of Gynura procumbens
Authors: Mohamad Bukhori Mohamad Fhaizal , Jaafar Hawa ZE , Ghasemzadeh Ali , Sinniah Uma Rani , Karipaya Gayatri 
Published: September 2021

Gynura procumbens is an herbaceous plant. Despite the progressive reports on the pharmacological properties, many are overlooking at the importance of agronomic requirements, such as fertilization, to produce high phytochemical content which have not been conclusively concluded.
La asegurabilidad del suicidio en el Derecho contemporáneo
Authors: Jaramillo Mor Carlos Esteban 
Published: September 2021

El propósito fundamental del presente escrito estriba, como su nombre lo revela, en el desarrollo de un estudio panorámico y generalizado del suicidio y su particular proyección en el ámbito del Derecho aseguraticio, temática que, como podrá evidenciar el lector, cuenta con una extensa, y no del todo coincidente trayectoria histórica, a lo que se suma la complejidad de este tema, de por sí espinoso como lo es en efecto el atinente al suicidio, en el que convergen líneas discursivas de diversa índole y naturaleza.
Dicha cuestión, por su parte, ha puesto a prueba la misma lógica, tanto desde la perspectiva teórica y jurídica, como también de la práctica y la funcional del contrato de seguro, pues el suicidio representa un suceso que, al inscribirse en el marco de la voluntariedad, a priori pareciese escapar de la esfera que comprende el concepto de ‘riesgo asegurable’, pero que, debido a las nefastas consecuencias que una inclinación en tal dirección podría aparejar para los beneficiarios, la experiencia ha confirmado que, tanto el sector empresarial y también el legislativo y judicial, a través de diversos instrumentos y mecanismos, hayan abierto un conveniente camino orientado a la asegurabilidad del riesgo en mención, desde luego supeditada a determinadas exigencias, lo que refrenda la destacada función social atribuida al seguro.
Atención odontológica de un paciente con autismo (tea), bajo el modelo psicoeducativo. Descripción de un caso
Authors: Barbosa Orjuela Rocio Andrea 
Published: September 2021

Antecedentes: La Psicoeducación mejora las adaptaciones de las personas con autismo a nuevos ambientes o actividades a través de procesos de aprendizaje. Descripción del caso: Intervención interdisciplinaria para desarrollar habilidades y capacidades en un paciente con autismo - trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) - en la consulta odontológica. Paciente masculino de 19 años con diagnóstico Trastorno generalizado del desarrollo (TGD), autismo típico. Al examen clínico intraoral presenta placa bacteriana calcificada generalizada y lesiones iniciales de caries activas. Las intervenciones propuestas tienen como propósito mejorar comportamiento y ansiedad del paciente, potenciar la tolerancia en la consulta odontológica del paciente ante procedimientos bucodentales y mejorar las condiciones de salud bucal en el paciente. El tratamiento incluyo estrategias de anticipación, rutinas, extinción, ambientación del espacio en las que se programan, procedimientos de protección específica, periodoncia y operatoria básica. Conclusiones: El modelo propuesto en este documento para facilitar la atención odontológica de personas con TEA propone diversas estrategias dentro de las corrientes en psicología y educación especial. Las sesiones con apoyo de estrategias psicoeducativas culminan con resultados positivos para la salud bucal del paciente y un mejoramiento progresivo en el comportamiento del paciente.
Palliative medicine in the emergency department: symptom control and aggressive care
Authors: de Oliveira Raquel , Lobato Carolina B. , Maia-Moço Leonardo , Santos Mariana , Neves Sara , Matos Maria Francisca , Cardoso Rosa , Cruz Carla , Silva Cátia Araújo , Dias Joana , Maçães André , Almeida Soraia , Gonçalves António Pedro , Gomes Barbara , Freire Elga 
Published: September 2021

ObjectivesIdentifying the prevalence of palliative care (PC) needs among patients who die at the emergency department (ED) and to assess symptom control and aggressiveness of care.MethodsWe conducted a decedent cohort study of adults deceased at the ED of a Portuguese teaching hospital in 2016. PC needs were identified using the National Hospice Organization terminality criteria and comorbidities measurement by the Charlson’s Index.Results384 adults died at the ED (median age 82 (IQR 72–89) years) and 78.4% (95% CI 73.9% to 82.2%) presented PC needs. Only 3.0% (n=9) were referred to the hospital PC team. 64.5%, 38.9% and 57.5% experienced dyspnoea, pain and confusion, respectively. Dyspnoea was commonly medicated (92%), against 56% for pain and 8% for confusion. Only 6.3% of the patients were spared from aggressive interventions, namely blood collection (86.0%) or intravenous fluid therapy (63.5%). The burden of aggressive interventions was similar between those with or without withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation order (median 3 (2–4) vs 3 (2–5)), p=0.082.ConclusionsNearly four out of five adults who died at the ED had PC needs at the time of admission. Most experienced poor symptom control and care aggressiveness in their last hours of life and were mostly unknown to the PC team. The findings urge improvements in the care provided to patients with PC needs at the ED, focusing on patient well-being and increased PC referral.
Comparison of Rat Connective Tissue Response to BioMTA, Angelus MTA, and Root MTA
Authors: Alimohammadi Marzieh , Mirzaee-Rad Sina , Feizi Farideh , Shirzad Juybari Hadi , Saeidi Akam , Gholinia Hemmat 
Published: September 2021

Due to the widespread use of MTA in dentistry and various brands of this product, we decided to compare the three brands available in the country market by their biocompatibility. We divided 20 male Wistar rats into four groups. After local anesthesia and washing, we made two incisions on both sides (4 incisions in total). The experimental groups were Angelus MTA (Angelus, Brazil), BioMTA (CERKAMED, Poland), Root MTA (Dr. Lotfi, Tabriz, Iran), and the control group. The resulting paste was placed in a tube and implanted subcutaneously into male Wistar rats. Wistar rats were sacrificed 7, 15, 30, and 60 days later, with high anesthetic doses. The sample implanted in 10% formalin was stabilized after tissue processing and H&E staining under a microscope. The inflammatory reaction in the tissues received different scores at the beginning of the tube opening. BioMTA had the highest inflammatory response among the groups, but the difference was not statistically significant (

p

> 0.05). Also, there was no significant difference between the groups’ granulation and calcification (

p

< 0.05). There was a significant difference between BioMTA, Angelus MTA, Root MTA, and control groups in fibrous capsule formation (

p

< 0.05). Angelus MTA showed the lowest mean fibrous capsule formation in all periods. The effects of Angelus MTA, Root MTA, and BioMTA on connective tissue were investigated and compared. According to this study, these materials have good biocompatibility. According to the findings and statistical analysis, Angelus MTA has the most biocompatibility.
Medische Ontwikkelingssamenwerking in Centraal-Afrika
Authors: De Schaepdryver André 
Published: August 2021

Medical Development-Cooperation in Central Africa
The author describes the Project of Medical Cooperation between the Medical Faculties of the University of Ghent and the National University of Rwanda in Butare.
The objectives of this project, which started in 1966, were the following:
(1) to organize and dispense the theoretical education and practical training at the G.P.-level;
(2) to structure the postgraduate education of alumni selected for higher education posts;
(3) to take care of the postgraduate training of specialists;
(4) to organize the continuing education of health personnel;
(5) to promote and participate in medical research.
The results of the Project were, in 1984:
(1) at the level of health personnel: the education and training of 220 physicians, 19 university lecturers and 15 specialists;
(2) at the level of the infrastructure: the building of the Medical Faculty facilities, the pediatric and medical policlinics and clinics, the community health service for adults; the adaptation of the gynecological-obstetrical policlinic and clinic and of the community health service for children; the founding of the Faculty library, secretariat and workshop,
(3) at the research level: the founding and development of the University Center for Research on Traditional Pharmacopoeia and Medicine, aiming at:
a) the valorization and integration of traditional medicine;
b) the study of Rwandese medicinal plants;
c) the local production of pharmaceutical preparations of plant origin and organic raw materials.
The attention is drawn to the importance of the postgraduate education in Belgium, for periods of 5 years, of 25 Rwandese medical alumni, which resulted in 15 Ph.D. -theses and a nearly complete rwandization of the Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Butare.
A pairing Agreement Butare-Ghent has taken the relief of the Project, insuring its continuity through visiting lecturers, and the coaching of trainees and of research projects in various fields of the local pathology.
Recent changes in the atmospheric circulation patterns during the dry-to-wet transition season in south tropical South America (1979-2020): Impacts on precipitation and fire season
Authors: Espinoza Jhan-Carlo , Arias Paola A. , Moron Vincent , Junquas Clementine , Segura Hans , Sierra-Pérez Juan Pablo , Wongchuig Sly , Condom Thomas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe analyze the characteristics of atmospheric variations over tropical South America using the pattern recognition framework of weather typing or atmospheric circulation patterns (CPs). During 1979-2020, nine CPs are defined in the region, using a k-means algorithm based on daily unfiltered 850 hPa winds over 0035°N-30°S, 90°W-30°W. CPs are primarily interpreted as stages of the annual cycle of the low-level circulation. We identified three “winter” CPs (CP7, CP8 and CP9), three “summer” CPs (CP3, CP4 and CP5) and three “transitional” CPs (CP1, CP2 and CP6). Significant long-term changes are detected during the dry-to-wet transition season (July-October) over south tropical South America (STSA). One of the wintertime patterns (CP9) increases from 20% in the 1980s to 35% in the last decade while the “transitional” CP2 decreases from 13% to 7%. CP9 is characterized by enhancement of the South American Low-Level Jet and increasing atmospheric subsidence over STSA. CP2 is characterized by southerly cold-air incursions and anomalous convective activity over STSA. The years characterized by high (low) frequency of CP9 (CP2) during the dry-to-wet transition season are associated with a delayed South American Monsoon onset and anomalous dry conditions over STSA. Consistently, a higher frequency of CP9 intensifies the fire season over STSA (1999-2020). Over the Brazilian states of Maranhão, Tocantins, Goiás and São Paulo, the seasonal frequency of CP9 explains around 35%-44% of the interannual variations of fire counts.
Hematologic cancers in individuals infected by HIV
Authors: Carbone Antonino , Vaccher Emanuela , Gloghini Annunziata 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHIV infection increases cancer risk and is linked to cancers associated to infectious agents classified as carcinogenic to humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Lymphomas represent one of the most frequent malignancies among individuals infected by HIV. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma remains a leading cancer after the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). The incidence of other lymphomas including Burkitt lymphoma, primary effusion lymphomas, and plasmablastic lymphoma of the oral cavity remain stable, whereas the incidence of Hodgkin lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-associated multicentric Castleman disease has increased. The heterogeneity of lymphomas in individuals infected by HIV likely depends on the complexity of involved pathogenetic mechanisms (ie, HIV-induced immunosuppression, genetic abnormalities, cytokine dysregulation, and coinfection with the gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus and KSHV) and the dysregulation of the immune responses controlling these viruses. In the modern cART era, standard treatments for HIV-associated lymphoma including stem cell transplantation in relapsed/refractory disease mirror that of the general population. The combination of cART and antineoplastic treatments has resulted in remarkable prolongation of long-term survival. However, oncolytic and immunotherapic strategies and therapies targeting specific viral oncogenes will need to be developed.