bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GYNAECOLOGICAL DISORDERS OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN, Christopher J. Dewhurst. Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company, 1963, 164 pp., $9.00
Authors: Schauffler Goodrich C. 
Published: December 2021

There are numerous reasons why Dewhurst's text is a valuable contribution to the literature of our specialty. In the first place there seems to be only one other text in the same field–and this we understand will not be revised after the expiration of its 5th edition. So there is a need for a new book and especially for a book as authoritative and up-to-date as this of Dewhurst's.
And it is a very good book all the way through, but it is just the least bit lumpy in spots.
Keeping Pediatricians in Practice (continued)
Authors: Troy Jack M. 
Published: December 2021

After reading Dr. Gould's letter in the May issue (Pediatrics, 33:789), in which he cited the reasons for leaving the private practice of general pediatrics, I would like to enumerate the reasons which make it possible for my associate and myself to practice the new pediatrics with satisfaction.
1. We practice in an area that needs pediatricians. There are about 500,000 people and 2,000 hospital beds in our immediate area, and about 12 pediatricians. I and my associate are 2 of 3 pediatricians in a 500-bed hospital.
COPROLITHS IN CHILDREN: RECOGNITION AND SIGNIFICANCE
Authors: Williams Hugh J. 
Published: December 2021

1. Coproliths are sufficiently common in children and of such significance that the pediatrician should be "coprolith cognizant."
2. Eleven children with coproliths are reported including 2 under 2 years of age, the youngest recorded cases to date.
3. An abdominal roentgenogram in any child with unusual abdominal symptoms or pain is recommended since only by this step can a coprolith be detected and proper treatment implemented.
4. Immediate appendectomy is indicated in the child with abdominal pain and a demonstrable coprolith, even though the signs and symptoms are atypical for appendicitis. In 50% of such cases, rupture has already occurred.
5. Prophylactic appendectomy in the asymptomatic child in whom a coprolith is incidentally discovered is justified because of the frequent subsequent development of acute appendicitis.
A Reappraisal of Extraction Methods for Bilirubin Assay and of the Role of Bilirubin Monoglucuronide in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: IBBOTT FRANK A. , O'BRIEN DONOUGH 
Published: December 2021

Recent studies of bilirubin and its two glucuronides in the serum of newborn infants suggested that the monoglucuronide was an important intermediate in the conjugation process and that its ratios to bilirubin itself and to the diglucuronide might be a helpful index of the need for exchange transfusion.
The studies reported here suggest that these conclusions may be unfounded and that there are certain important intrinsic errors in conventional extraction procedures.
The principle of the extraction method described by Eberlein is that when bilirubin in serum is diluted in a pH 5 phosphate buffer and extracted with ethyl acetate, unconjugated bilirubin is quantitatively extracted into the organic solvent.
Acute Intermittent Porphyria in a Child with a Note on the Glycine Loading Test
Authors: BARLTROP DONALD 
Published: December 2021

A case of acute intermittent porphyria in a 6-year-old boy is described. Screening of urine specimens from his family showed elevated ALA and PBG levels in a 12-year-old brother. Administration of glycine (0.4 gm/kg) to the patient resulted in increased urinary output of ALA and PBG.
Coproporphyrin appeared in the urine of the patient and one brother after glycine. Normal results were obtained in another brother and two control children.
Cystic Fibrosis and Family Functioning
Authors: DERBES CHRISTINE M. 
Published: December 2021

In the July issue, Juanita Turk's article "Impact of Cystic Fibrosis on Family Functioning" (Pediatrics, 34:67, 1964) provided an interesting example of how the distress experienced by families varies with the resources available for coping with the stress.
Working with many low-income families in a cystic fibrosis center, I have seen a different population of families from the white collar and professional parents of the NIH group. The emotional response of parents to a child's having a potentially fatal condition need not be elaborated.
A History of the Care and Study of the Mentally Retarded
Authors: BIRCH HERBERT G. 
Published: December 2021

The rapid growth over the last decade of interest, service, and knowledge in the area of mental subnormality has created a real need for historical perspectives upon which to base current and future work and planning. The appearance at this time of a history of the subject by so eminent a student of abnormal behavioral development as Dr. Kanner is a noteworthy occurrence.
Within the compass of the small volume, the author deals with a wide range of issues including the development of humanitarian concern for the mentally subnormal, the emergence of institutional care in Europe and America, the origins of differential diagnosis and nosology, the rise of the eugenics movement, the development of evaluative techniques, the evolution of treatment, educational and training services, the growth of organizations and periodicals concerned with mental subnormality, and the new opportunities for prevention, treatment, and research which derive from recent genetic and metabolic studies.
MEASLES IMMUNIZATION INCORPORATED IN THE ROUTINE SCHEDULE FOR INFANTS: EFFICACY OF A COMBINED INACTIVATED-LIVE VACCINATION REGIMEN
Authors: Krugman Saul , Stone Shirley , Hu Rose , Friedman Harriet 
Published: December 2021

1. Live attenuated measles virus vaccine without gamma globulin was extremely well tolerated by infants 12 to 14 months of age if they received 3 doses of inactivated vaccine at about 2, 3, and 4 months of age. This phenomenon was observed in spite of no detectable antibody after inactivated vaccine and a consistent antibody response after live vaccine.
2. Three inoculations of inactivated vaccine appeared to have an attenuating effect on measles infection acquired within 9 months by 17 infants; at least 70% of these infants were proved to have a subclinical disease by serologic studies.
3. The failure to detect antibody following three inoculations of killed vaccine probably reflects the lack of sensitivity of the HI antibody test which was employed in this study. The attenuating effect of the killed vaccine on the natural disease and on the measles vaccine-virus disease provides indirect evidence of antibody formation.
4. If killed measles vaccine can be successfully incorporated with diphtheriapertussis-tetanus toxoid it should be a useful preparation for primary immunization during the first 6 months of life. However, it would be most important to complete the immunization with an inoculation of live attenuated measles-virus vaccine at 12 to 14 months of age.
ESSENTIAL FAMILIAL HYPERLIPIDEMIA IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: Jakovcic Smilja , Fuhrmann Walter , Hsia David Yi-Yung 
Published: December 2021

The present paper describes in detail the biochemical studies undertaken in a previously reported hyperlipemic family where 3 of 13 children are affected. The parents of these children are second cousins.
The children were first placed on a high-carbohydrate diet containing 15% protein, 10% fat, amid 75% carbohydrate. During this period, the triglycerides increased in one patient from 1,670 to 2,700 mg/100 ml and in the other patient from 1,620 to 2,300 mg/100 ml; lipoprotein lipase remained low with levels of 0.07-0.13 µEq/ml/min. They were then placed on a high-fat diet containing 15% protein, 40% fat (half poly unsaturated and half saturated fat), and 45% carbohydrate. During this period, the triglycerides decreased from 2,700 to 1,300 mg/100 ml in one patient and from 2,300 to 605 mg/100 ml in the other patient. The lipoprotein lipase reverted to normal levels of 0.22-0.33 µEq/ml/min. After the intravenous administration of tolbutamide the glucose level shows a drop of only 80% and 70% respectively at 20 minutes and fails to rise at 60-minute interval. These data indicate that the children had hyperlipemia of the carbohydrate-induced variety and not of the fat-induced type.
Plasma from the affected children were separated by ultracentrifugation into the chylomicrons (&lt; 1.006), the low density lipoproteins (&lt; 1.019 and 1.019-1.063), and the high density lipoproteins &gt; 1.063. Each of the fractions were analyzed for triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol. In two of the children, the lipoproteins are mainly localized in the fractions &lt; 1.006 and &lt; 1.019 and there is a decreased amount of lipoproteins with a density of 1.019-1.063. In the latter fractions, the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio is decreased. This pattern corresponds to that seen in familial hyperlipemia. The other child and a maternal grandmother had lipoproteins concentrated mainly in densities &lt; 1.019 and 1.019-1.063 with a normal cholesterol-phospholipid ratio. This pattern differs from that seen in familial hypercholesterolemia in that it is accompanied by markedly elevated triglycerides.
By gas chromatography, the triglyceride fraction showed an increase of myristic acid (14:0) and palmitic acid (16:0), while linoleic acid (18:2) and arachidonic acid (20:4) showed a definite decrease.
Finally, studies were carried out on parents and unaffected siblings. While all showed lipoprotein lipase within the normal range, some delay in clearing of triglycerides up to 24-48 hours after a 90-gm fat meal was found in both parents.
PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS
Authors: Douglass Frank H. 
Published: December 2021

UPON ASSUMING this office one year ago I stated that the founders and officers of the Academy who had served before me had set the purpose of the voyage of the Good Ship American Academy of pediatrics; the Executive Board of the Academy continually reviews our problems and charts our course, the Executive Director and Central Office staff arrange the cargo, but you, the stockholders, must work the cargo if our voyage is to be successful.
Our 1963-64 voyage is completed. I have brought the good ship back to the home port and she is again ready to sail under Captain Harry Towsley.
I am happy to tell you that you have worked the cargo well in every port of call. Our committees have been dedicated and active as their reports show. This next year the committee reports will be published in a special booklet as heretofore. I urge every one of you to read these reports so you may better understand what you are getting from your membership.
The Executive Board has not wavered one bit from the original purpose of our voyage, though I am sure there are some among us who would have them do so. The Board, your Officers, and even the Academy itself cannot be all things to all people, but we have tried hard to please as many as possible. I can assure you that every effort is made to comply with the wishes of the majority and to carry out the original precepts that made us the largest and most influential organization interested in children in all the world.
AUDITORY EVOKED RESPONSES OBTAINED FROM THE SCALP ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM OF THE FULL-TERM HUMAN NEONATE DURING SLEEP
Authors: Weitzman Elliot D. , Fishbein William , Graziani Leonard 
Published: December 2021

1. Two distinct stages of sleep were identified in sixteen newborn infants, 1½ hours to 15 days old, by behavioral observations and electroencephalographic, electromyographic, and rapid eye-movement recordings.
2. Evoked responses to an auditory stimulus were obtained from the scalp in all sixteen infants. The responses of eight were analyzed for differences during the two sleep stages by three-way analysis of variance.
3. The amplitudes and latencies of the response components are smaller during the active stage, characterized by a low-voltage EEG and rapid eye movements, than in the quiescent stage with a characteristic high-voltage EEG.
4. The results demonstrate that the nervous system of the human neonate can respond to a simple auditory signal with a complex pattern of electrical activity, and that the pattern of the response changes in amplitude and latency with changes in the states of sleep.
THE ROLE OF CHROMOSOME TRANSLOCATION IN THE RECURRENCE RISK OF DOWN'S SYNDROME
Authors: Petersen C. David , Luzzatti Luigi 
Published: December 2021

Increasing knowledge of the chromosomal pattern of patients with Down's syndrome has helped in elucidating the possible hereditary factors present in this condition. The pattern of transmission of the translocation type from a parental carrier to the offspring is fairly well defined. There is still a question concerning possible hereditary factors in the transmission of the more usual type, characterized by simple trisomy of chromosome No. 21. While the over-all incidence of Down's syndrome increases with maternal age, the chance for a second affected child is greater in the younger maternal age group.
The present study has been undertaken to evaluate: (1) the frequency of inherited translocation among affected children born to younger mothers, and (2) the significance of translocation in the increased recurrence risk of the young mother. A total of 227 index patients with Down's syndrome, born to mothers age 15 to 29 years, was collected. Of these, 42 were studied in our laboratory and the others collected from the literature. In this group, the incidence of the usual type of trisomy 21 was 92.1% and the incidence of the translocation type 7.9%. In 1.8% of the patients the mother carried a D/21 translocation. On the basis of the frequency of maternal D/21 translocation in this group and the expected ratio of affected offspring born in the general population a recurrence risk has been calculated for all mothers with an affected child purely on the chance they may carry a D/21 translocation. This calculated recurrence risk decreases with increasing maternal age and never approaches the figures of the observed total recurrence risk available in the literature. After age 35, data in this study concur with those in the literature, failing to demonstate an increased recurrence risk over the general population.
Though the data are by necessity small, the figures in this study tend to suggest that only a part of the increased recurrence risk of the young mother is due to the possibility she may carry a translocation. There are undoubtedly other still ill-defined factors that may predispose to a recurrence of affected children in these mothers. These factors are discussed but more data are necessary for accurate genetic counseling.
THE PARENTAL DILEMMA
Authors: Rule John T. 
Published: December 2021

WHEN I was a Dean of Students I became increasingly fascinated by the tremendous complexity and subtlety of the dynamics of student-parent relationships. I grew more and more convinced that the important forces at work between the participants were dominantly subjective and emotional, inhibiting mutual objective understanding. Above all I learned the extent of human oblivion to personal motivation in any such highly emotional situation.
The parental tie is one of the strongest of all emotional ties. It is, however, one that should and must be broken, or at least rewoven in a looser mesh, if young people are to achieve independence and personality fulfilment. As a Dean, I most frequently saw parents when, regardless of the surface details of their immediate question, the true issue was the son's struggle to break one of the threads of the tie. This is not an unusual nor a new struggle; all of us have been aware of it in our own lives, but it has relatively unexplored aspects that I should like to examine in the hope of presenting a fresh viewpoint in a unified and perhaps illuminating way.
The young person has the problem of growing away from his parent toward himself, the parent that of timing his permission for him to do so, that of determining the rate of thread cutting that will achieve a new and satisfactory relationship on a mutually mature basis.
Most parents intellectually want their children to become separate individuals but emotionally and subconsciously they, in general, wish to hold them and control them.
Letters to the Editor
Authors: SNYDER W. H. 
Published: December 2021

The case reported by Dr. Ekelund adds another to the increasing number of recognized late intestinal obstructions due to inspissated feces in fibrocystic disease. It will help to alert the profession to this aspect of this many faceted disease.
It is of added interest that no further obstructive episodes occurred in this patient during the ensuing 4 years although no special diet or treatment with pancreatic enzyme was given.
SWADDLING, A CHILD CARE PRACTICE: HISTORICAL, CULTURAL, AND EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Lipton Earle L. , Steinschneider Alfred , Richmond Julius B. 
Published: December 2021

INFANT care practices are deeply rooted in culture and represent the end results of generations of experience and conviction. It is understandable that few systematic studies of specific aspects of infant care have been undertaken; for each practice (whether feeding, fondling, toileting, etc.) is characterized by a complex process of interaction and methods of evaluation are difficult to define. Yet with progress in the study of physiologic, psychologic, and socio-cultural processes, it should become possible to study the physiologic and developmental consequences of specific infant care practices.
The objective of this report is to present the results of our efforts to study one infant care practice—that of swaddling. Interest in this practice grew out of our long-term studies of the development of autonomic nervous system function in infancy. These studies of swaddling and early neurophysiologic capacity complement each other in many ways, as will be shown later.
An earlier study of motor restraint by means of swaddling was designed primarily to observe the relationships between autonomic and musculo-skeletal reactivity to stimulation. As the experiment progressed, however, it appeared clear that the process of restraining the infant, per se, often produced a tranquil, "co-operative" state which greatly facilitated the studies of physiologic reactivity.
As it became increasingly apparent that pacification was produced in most newborn infants, we considered with heightened curiosity what implications these findings held for clinical pediatrics and, more broadly, for evaluating the cultural practice of infant bundling or swaddling. We began to wonder whether there was not some more pervasive reason for this previously ubiquitous infant care practice, apart from the common anthropologic interpretations which will be described later in this paper.
Pediatric Procedures
Authors: DELEMOS ROBERT 
Published: December 2021

All too often it has been assumed that children are in reality small adults and, hence, that pediatric procedures are merely adult techniques with smaller equipment. This, as has been discovered by countless students and house officers, is obviously not the case.
Hughes, in a clear and concise manner, and with obvious concern for the welfare of the patient, offers a blueprint for the performance of most of the standard pediatric procedures. The directions are easily understood and both advantages and disadvantages are discussed for each technique.
PROTECTION OF THE INFANT DIET: GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTR
Authors: Lowe Charles U. , Coursin David B. , Donnell George N. , Heald Felix P. , Kaye Robert , Owen George M. , Scriver Charles R. , Sweeney Michale J. 
Published: December 2021

Only a very small percentage of American and Canadian families produce all their own food. Under the circumstances, over 200 million people and close to 5 milion infants are dependent, to a greater or lesser extent, upon codes, ordinances, and laws enacted to insure that produce in the market place is sound, wholesome, and free of noxious or toxic contaminants. In most instances, neither the consuming public nor the medical profession is aware of the complex and comprehensive nature of the regulatory network which controls the quality of the food supply.
Various governmental agencies, federal, state, provincial in Canada, and municipal, provide minimum standards of quality for food and nutritional products and promulgate codes governing manufacturing procedures. Some codes have the force of law whereas others are prepared as guides, particularly for those industries manufacturing food which does not enter interstate commernce, and compliance may be voluntary unless local legislation exists to enforce these codes. Compliance with these standards is determined both by governmental agencies and manufacturers using selective sampling and assay of products at various stages prior to marketing. However, governmental agencies are able to spot check only a small number of the many lots of products and foods under their jurisdiction. The high quality of today's commodity foods and nutritional products has resulted in large part from widespread compliance, self-policing, and desire by industry to surpass the minimum requirements set by law and to provide the consumer with superior products.
Through the full co-operation of industry with governmental agencies, a great number and variety of food and nutrition products of high quality and uniformity is available to the consumer, and especially to the infant.
Editor's Note
Authors: Levin S. 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Levin comments as follows:
Appropriately, Dr. George X. Trimble has changed his domicile from California to Missouri. I understand that the expression "I'm from Missouri" is equivalent to saying "I'm a sceptic, I must check your data."
These days it is perilous to note an observation without checking with Dr. Trimble first, for the Index Medicus is no longer sufficiently etailed.
"Critique and Cavil" is a short footnote contributed by Dr. Trimble himself on the subject of what he calls "chromatunia" (a hybrid of Greek and Latin: even Trimble can tumble).
ACCEPTANCE OF PRESIDENCY
Authors: HUGUES JAMES G 
Published: December 2021

Dr. Towsley, Fellow Members of the Academy and Guests:
I should like to express my deep appreciation to all of you for the high honor you have conferred upon me in selecting me as your new President. I assure you that in the year to come I shall do my best to justify your confidence and to serve the Academy to the best of my ability.
As Dr. Towsley indicated in his very scholarly analysis of current and future problems associated with the delivery of high quality pediatric care to the vast numbers of children in our present and future populations, this is an exciting era for pediatrics and pediatricians. There are enormous problems to be solved, but it is well to realize that the Academy has enormous strength—strength through its strong organizational pattern at the national and state levels—strength through its numerous committees of experts—and the strength that is associated with solidarity of purpose.
With all these advantages, and with the full support of all of you, I face the future confident that we shall find solutions to our problems, and that the American Academy of Pediatrics will continue to play a leading role in affording proper pediatric services for the nation's children.
In conclusion, and in the name of the entire membership of the Academy, I should like to express our great affection for you, Harry, and our deep appreciation of your devotion to the work of the Academy, not only during your term as President but also through the many years before. We will be needing your help and guidance in the future, and you should look forward to only a brief rest—after which you will again be in action for the Academy.