bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-consciousness and depression in precocious pubertal children
Authors: Huang Hongyu , Liu Lili , Su Shaoyu , Xie Dandan 
Published: June 2021

Objective To explore self-consciousness and depression in children with precocious puberty (PP) and analyse its effect on children of both sexes. Methods Sixty children with PP and 60 non-PP children matched for sex and age participated in the study. Children were assessed using the Birleson Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children and the Piers–Harris Children’s Self-Concept Scale. Results There were significant differences in physical appearance and attributes, anxiety, happiness and satisfaction between PP children and non-PP children. PP children had significantly higher depression than non-PP children. In the PP group, girls were significantly more prone to anxiety and unhappiness than boys. Conclusion: There were sex differences in the effect of PP on children’s self-consciousness, and girls were more prone to anxiety and unhappiness. More attention should be paid to improving the physical and mental health of children with PP.
A Graphical Exposition of the Profit Maximizing Two-Part Tariff
Authors: Chen Frederick 
Published: June 2021

This note presents a simple graphical approach for deriving the profit maximizing two-part tariff when there are two types of consumers in the market. The exposition covers both the case in which a monopoly can offer only one two-part tariff plan and the case in which the monopoly can offer two different plans. JEL Classification: D4
Ultrasound of the Optic Nerve Does Not Appear to Be a Consistently Reliable or Generalizable Method to Monitor Changes in Intracranial Pressure
Authors: Butts Christine , Wilson Jason , Lasseigne Lindsay , Oral Evrim , Kaban Nicole 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Invasive intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is the gold standard, but is not always readily accessible or practical. Ultrasound of the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) has been proposed for detecting both elevation and change in the ICP. Our study is a prospective observational trial that seeks to determine if ultrasound can be reliably used to identify changes in ICP with naturally occurring variations in patient care. Methods: A convenience sample of patients with invasive ICP monitoring were enrolled. Patients were identified prior to interventions that were suspected to cause a change in ICP. Measurement of ICP and ONSD was obtained prior to the intervention, with repeated measurements of both variables obtained immediately following the intervention. Results: 36 total patients were enrolled. There was a positive correlation between the ICP and the right ONSD (r = 0.255, P = 0.0003) and the ICP and the left ONSD (r = 0.274, P < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant relationship between the change in either the ICP and the right ONSD (r −0.2 P = 0.282) or left ONSD (r 0.05 P = 0.805). The location of the lesion in the brain appears to significantly affect discordance between the ONSD and the ICP. Conclusions: Ultrasound of the ONSD has shown promise as both a marker of elevated ICP and as a method to identify changes in pressure. Although the size of the ONSD and the measurement of ICP were correlated in our study, the ability to follow changes in ICP was not statistically significant. This indicates that use of ultrasound to track changes in ICP cannot be generalized and may be limited to specific circumstances. The location of the intracranial pathology appears to be a significant factor in discordance between the ICP and ONS diameter.
Sedation Usage in COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Tapaskar Natalie , Colon Hidalgo Daniel , Koo Grace , Shingada Krupa , Rao Swathi , Rodriguez Raul , Alcantar Daniel , Espinoza Barrera Diana , Lee Raymond , Rameshkumar Naveen , Amine Mukarram , Rodrigues Shelden , Giron Fanny , Chaugule Akshata , Rech Megan A. 
Published: June 2021

Background Patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) have been shown to have high sedation requirements. Objective The purpose of this study was to compare sedative use between patients with COVID-19 ARDS and non-COVID-19 ARDS. Methods This was a retrospective study of patients with COVID-19 ARDS compared with historical controls of non-COVID-19 ARDS who were admitted to 2 hospitals from March 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020, and April 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019, respectively. The primary outcome was median cumulative dose of propofol (µg/kg) at 24 hours after intubation. Results There were 92 patients with COVID-19 ARDS and 37 patients with non-COVID-19 ARDS included. Within the first 24 hours of intubation, patients with COVID-19 ARDS required higher total median doses of propofol: 51 045 µg/kg (interquartile range, 26 150-62 365 µg/kg) versus 33 350 µg/kg (9632-51 455 µg/kg; P = 0.004). COVID-19 patients were more likely receive intravenous lorazepam (37% vs 14%; P = 0.02) and higher cumulative median doses of midazolam by days 5 (14 vs 4 mg; P = 0.04) and 7 of intubation (89 vs 4 mg; P = 0.03) to achieve the same median Richmond Analgesia-Sedation Scale scores. COVID-19 ARDS patients required more ventilator days (10 vs 6 days; P = 0.02). There was no difference in 30-day mortality. Conclusion and Relevance Patients with COVID-19 ARDS required higher doses of propofol and benzodiazepines than patients with non-COVID-19 ARDS to achieve the same median levels of sedation.
Effectiveness of ultrasonography for peripheral catheter insertion and catheter failure prevention in visible and palpable veins
Authors: Abe-Doi Mari , Murayama Ryoko , Komiyama Chieko , Tateishi Ryosuke , Sanada Hiromi 
Published: June 2021

Background: The increase in the success rate of peripheral intravenous catheterization against a difficult intravenous access (DIVA) using ultrasonography is reported; however, reports related to the effectiveness of using ultrasonography in increasing the success rate for visible and palpable veins is limited. Furthermore, according to a previous study, first attempt success in catheterization contributes to low catheter failure incidence. Thus, we developed a catheterization method using ultrasonography for peripheral veins including visible and palpable veins. This study investigates the effectiveness of ultrasonography use in improving the success rate of catheterization and preventing the catheter failure for peripheral veins including visible and palpable veins. Methods: Adult inpatients were recruited. Trained nurses inserted intravenous catheters using ultrasonography. Ultrasonography was used for all vein assessment, target vein selection, and puncturing (i.e. target point selection and/or needle guidance), regardless of the target vein’s visibility or palpability. Catheters with over a 24-h dwelling time were followed for catheter failure incidence. Results: Thirty-one patients were recruited, and they required 34 catheterizations. Total number of catheterization attempts were 39. Of the peripheral veins, 51.3% (20/39) were visible and palpable, 48.7% (19/39) were DIVA. The rate of successful intravenous cannulation was 29 of 34 (85.3%) after one attempt and 4 of 34 (total 97.0%) after two attempts. The catheterization failure incidence was 3.2% (1/31) in the catheter that had an over 24-h dwelling time. Conclusions: Using ultrasonography to all target veins might have contributed to higher success rates of catheterization and extremely low incidence of catheter failure based on objective findings. Selecting the vein with larger diameters and healthy tissue as puncture point and showing center of vessel lumen clearly using ultrasonography might have been contributed the results.
The Influence of KDR Genetic Variation on the Efficacy and Safety of Patients With Advanced NSCLC Receiving First-Line Bevacizumab Plus Chemotherapy Regimen
Authors: Geng Nan , Su Jingwei , Liu Zhikun , Ding Cuimin , Xie Shaonan , Hu Wenxia 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Angiogenesis plays an important role in the growth and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that mainly acts on vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Kinase insert domain receptor (KDR) is the most important target of VEGFA. The aim of present study was to investigate the influence of KDR genetic variation on the efficacy and safety of patients with advanced NSCLC receiving first-line bevacizumab plus chemotherapy regimen. Methods: A total of 169 patients with advanced NSCLC who received bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy were recruited in this study. Clinical outcome of the regimens was evaluated in the hospital. Peripheral blood and biopsy tissue specimens of patients were collected for the genotyping of KDR genetic variation and KDR mRNA expression, respectively. The association between KDR genotype status and other variables were analyzed. Univariate analysis of genotype status and prognosis was implemented using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis method. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to adjust the confounding factors. Results: Of the polymorphisms analyzed, only V297 L was of clinical significance. The prevalence of V297 L among the study population were as follows: CC genotype 123 cases (72.8%), CT genotype 41 cases (24.3%), TT genotype 5 cases (2.9%). The minimum allele frequency is 0.15. The distribution frequencies of the 3 genotypes corresponded with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ( P = 0.489). Patients with TT and CT genotypes were merged in the subsequent comparison of clinical outcomes. The analysis of efficacy exhibited that the objective response rates (ORR) of patients with CC genotype and CT/TT genotypes were 52.8% and 47.8% ( P = 0.561), respectively. Prognosis indicated that the median progression free survival (PFS) of patients with CC genotype and CT/TT genotype were 8.9 and 5.5 months, respectively ( P = 0.006). The median OS of the 2 genotypes were 20.0 and 14.9 months, respectively ( P = 0.021). Adjusted in multivariate Cox regression analysis of PFS, CT/TT genotypes were an independent factor for PFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.59, P = 0.011). Safety profile according to genotype status of V297 L failed to find significant difference. Interestingly, the expression of KDR mRNA of patients with CT/TT genotype was significantly higher than that of patients with CC genotype in the 58 cancer tissue specimens ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: The clinical comes of patients with advanced NSCLC receiving first-line bevacizumab plus chemotherapy regimens might be impacted by polymorphism V297 L through mediating the mRNA expression of KDR.
Hip and Core Muscle Activation During High-Load Core Stabilization Exercises
Authors: Khosrokiani Zohre , Letafatkar Amir , Sheikhi Bahram , Thomas Abbey C. , Aghaie-ataabadi Peyman , Hedayati Mohamad-Taghi 
Published: June 2021

Background: There is some evidence that high-load lumbar stabilization exercises, such as back bridge, can recruit both local and global muscles. Hypothesis: Therapeutic exercises would optimize gluteus maximus (GMax), gluteus medius (GMed), multifidus (MF), and transversus abdominis (TrA) activation, while minimizing the activation of the tensor fascia latae (TFL) and erector spinae (ES) muscles in healthy individuals. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Research laboratory. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, surface electromyography (EMG) of GMax, GMed, TFL, TrA, MF, and ES was used to quantify the gluteal-to-TFL muscle activation (GTA) index and a ratio of local to global (L/G) lumbar muscles during (1) the elbow-toe exercise in the prone position, (2) the elbow-toe with right left lifted, (3) the hand-knee with left arm and right leg lifted, (4) the back bridge, (5) the back bridge with right leg lifted, (6) the back bridge with left leg lifted, (7) the side bridge with left leg lifted, (8) the side bridge with right leg lifted, and (9) the elbow-toe with right leg horizontally lifted exercises in healthy individuals (20 men, 20 women; age, 25 ± 4 years). Results: The back bridge exercise with left leg lift generated the highest L/G muscles activity ratio (L/G = 3.35) while the hand-knee exercise yielded the lowest L/G muscles activity ratio (L/G = 1.21). The side bridge exercise with left elbow and foot and lifting the right leg (GTA = 63.78), hand-knee exercise (GTA = 49.62), back bridge (GTA = 28.05), and elbow-toe exercise with left leg horizontally lifted (GTA = 23.02) generated the highest GTA indices, respectively. Meanwhile, the normalized EMG amplitude for GMax was significantly less than the TFL, for elbow-toe exercise ( P < 0.001), back bridge with left leg lift ( P = 0.001), side bridge exercise with the right elbow and foot and lifting the left leg ( P = 0.002), and elbow-toe exercise with right leg horizontally lifted ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: The highest GTA indexes were observed during (1) the side bridge lifting the dominant leg and (2) the hand-knee horizontally lifting dominant leg, respectively. The L/G ratio was highest during (1) the back bridge lifting nondominant leg, (2) back bridge, and (3) back bridge lifting dominant leg, respectively. This study supports the use of back bridge exercises to strengthen the MF and side bridges to improve gluteal muscle activation. Clinical Relevance: The highest GTA index was observed in the side bridge lifting the right leg. Highest L/G ratio was in the back bridge with nondominant leg lifted. This study supports the use of back bridge exercises to strengthen the MF. This study supports the use of side bridges to improve gluteal muscle activation.
Perceptions of African American Adults With Type 2 Diabetes on Family Support: Type, Quality, and Recommendations
Authors: Hu Jie , Mion Lorraine C. , Tan Alai , Du Yang , Chang Mei-Wei , Miller Carla , Joseph Joshua J. 
Published: June 2021

Purpose The overall purpose of the study was to explore perceptions of family support in diabetes self-management among African American adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods A qualitative study using focus group methodology and individual interviews was conducted. Thirty-seven African American adults with type 2 diabetes were recruited in the Midwest, United States. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results Themes emerged from the perspectives of the social interdependence theory. Positive family support included emotional support, instrumental support, and specific information or advice on diabetes management strategies. Positivity, family communication, and healthy eating/meal planning were perceived as helpful family behaviors. Negative support was perceived as intentional or unintentional behaviors. Family members’ help in decision-making included goal setting with family member(s) and help in making decisions on diet and exercise. Recommendations included exercise and nutritional programs, support groups, family involvement, and materials and resources. Motivations for attending diabetes programs included involving family members, sharing success stories, seeing positive results, encouraging and caring, and providing incentives. Conclusions Intervention programs for African Americans should specifically target challenges in family support, healthy eating, and physical activity at an interpersonal level. Health care providers should assess family roles and family support to facilitate diabetes self-management for African Americans.
How I use allogeneic HSCT for adults with inborn errors of immunity
Authors: Burns Siobhan O. , Morris Emma C. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are rare inherited disorders arising from monogenic germline mutations in genes that regulate the immune system. The majority of IEI are primary immunodeficiencies characterized by severe infection often associated with autoimmunity, autoinflammation, and/or malignancy. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) has been the corrective treatment of choice for many IEIs presenting with severe disease in early childhood, and experience has made this a successful and comparatively safe treatment in affected children. Early HSCT outcomes in adults were poor, resulting in extremely limited use worldwide. This is changing because of a combination of improved IEI diagnosis to inform patient selection, better understanding of the natural history of specific IEI, and improvements in transplant practice. Recently published HSCT outcomes for adults with IEIs have been comparable with pediatric data, making HSCT an important option for correction of clinically severe IEIs in adulthood. Here we discuss our practice for patient selection, timing of HSCT, donor selection and conditioning, peri- and post-HSCT management, and our approach to long-term follow-up. We stress the importance of multidisciplinary involvement in the complex decision-making process that we believe is required for successful outcomes in this rapidly emerging area.
Antifibrotic drugs in lung transplantation and chronic lung allograft dysfunction: a review
Authors: Bos Saskia , De Sadeleer Laurens J. , Vanstapel Arno , Beeckmans Hanne , Sacreas Annelore , Yserbyt Jonas , Wuyts Wim A. , Vos Robin 
Published: June 2021

This review aims to provide an overview of pre-transplant antifibrotic therapy on peri-transplant outcomes and to address the possible role of antifibrotics in lung transplant recipients with chronic lung allograft dysfunction.Lung transplantation is an established treatment modality for patients with various end-stage lung diseases, of which idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases are growing indications. Theoretically, widespread use of antifibrotics prior to lung transplantation may increase the risk of bronchial anastomotic complications and impaired wound healing.Long-term graft and patient survival are still hampered by development of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, on which antifibrotics may have a beneficial impact.Antifibrotics until the moment of lung transplantation proved to be safe, without increasing peri-transplant complications. Currently, best practice is to continue antifibrotics until time of transplantation. In a large multicentre randomised trial, pirfenidone did not appear to have a beneficial effect on lung function decline in established bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. The results of antifibrotic therapy in restrictive allograft syndrome are eagerly awaited, but nonrandomised data from small case reports/series are promising.
Methods to study organogenesis in decapod crustacean larvae. I. larval rearing, preparation, and fixation
Authors: Torres G. , Melzer R. R. , Spitzner F. , Šargač Z. , Harzsch S. , Gimenez L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCrustacean larvae have served as distinguished models in the field of Ecological Developmental Biology (“EcoDevo”) for many decades, a discipline that examines how developmental mechanisms and their resulting phenotype depend on the environmental context. A contemporary line of research in EcoDevo aims at gaining insights into the immediate tolerance of organisms and their evolutionary potential to adapt to the changing abiotic and biotic environmental conditions created by anthropogenic climate change. Thus, an EcoDevo perspective may be critical to understand and predict the future of organisms in a changing world. Many decapod crustaceans display a complex life cycle that includes pelagic larvae and, in many subgroups, benthic juvenile–adult stages so that a niche shift occurs during the transition from the larval to the juvenile phase. Already at hatching, the larvae possess a wealth of organ systems, many of which also characterise the adult animals, necessary for autonomously surviving and developing in the plankton and suited to respond adaptively to fluctuations of environmental drivers. They also display a rich behavioural repertoire that allows for responses to environmental key factors such as light, hydrostatic pressure, tidal currents, and temperature. Cells, tissues, and organs are at the basis of larval survival, and as the larvae develop, their organs continue to grow in size and complexity. To study organ development, researchers need a suite of state-of-the-art methods adapted to the usually very small size of the larvae. This review and the companion paper set out to provide an overview of methods to study organogenesis in decapod larvae. This first section focuses on larval rearing, preparation, and fixation, whereas the second describes methods to study cells, tissues, and organs.
Real-life use of onabotulinumtoxinA reduces healthcare resource utilization in individuals with chronic migraine: the REPOSE study
Authors: Kollewe Katja , Gaul Charly , Gendolla Astrid , Sommer Katherine 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Chronic migraine (CM) is associated with substantial economic burden. Real-world data suggests that onabotulinumtoxinA treatment for CM reduces healthcare resource utilisation (HRU) and related costs.

Methods
REPOSE was a 2-year prospective, multicentre, non-interventional, observational study to describe the real-world use of onabotulinumtoxinA in adult patients with CM. This analysis examined the impact of onabotulinumtoxinA on HRU. Patients received onabotulinumtoxinA treatment approximately every 12 weeks according to their physicians’ discretion, guided by the summary of product characteristics (SPC) and PREEMPT injection paradigm. HRU outcome measures were collected at baseline and all administration visits and included headache-related hospitalizations and healthcare professional (HCP) visits. Health economic data, including family doctor and specialist visits, inpatient treatment for headache, acupuncture, technical diagnostics, use of nonpharmacologic remedies, and work productivity were also collected for patients enrolled at German study centres.

Results
Overall, 641 patients were enrolled at 78 study centres across 7 countries (Germany, UK, Italy, Spain, Norway, Sweden, and Russia), 633 received ≥1 onabotulinumtoxinA dose, and 128 completed the 2-year study. Patients were, on average, aged 45 years, 85% were female, and 60% (n = 377) were from Germany. At the end of the 2-year observation period, significantly fewer patients reported headache-related hospitalizations (p < 0.02) and HCP visits (p < 0.001) within the past 3 months than in the 3 months before baseline. In the German population, reductions were observed across all health services at all follow-up visits compared with baseline. The percentage of patients who saw a family doctor decreased from 41.7% at baseline to 13.5% at administration visit 8 and visits to a medical specialist decreased from 61.7% to 5.2% of patients. Inpatient acute treatment and technical diagnostics declined from 6.4% and 19.7% of patients at baseline to 0.0% and 1.0% at administration 8, respectively. The use of nonpharmacologic remedies and medication for the acute treatment of migraine also decreased with continued onabotulinumtoxinA treatment. Work incapacity, disability, absenteeism, and impaired performance at school/work improved with onabotulinumtoxinA treatment for CM over the 2-year observation period.

Conclusions
Real-world evidence from REPOSE demonstrates that onabotulinumtoxinA treatment is associated with decreased HRU and supports the long-term benefits associated with the use of onabotulinumtoxinA for CM in clinical practice.

Trial registration
NCT01686581. Name of registry: ClinicalTrials.gov. URL of registry: Date of retrospective registration: September 18, 2012. Date of enrolment of first patient: July 23, 2012.