bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lanabecestat: Neuroimaging results in early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zimmer Jennifer A. , Shcherbinin Sergey , Devous Michael D. , Bragg Sonja M. , Selzler Katherine J. , Wessels Alette M. , Shering Craig , Mullen Jamie , Landry John , Andersen Scott W. , Downing AnnCatherine M. , Fleisher Adam S. , Svaldi Diana Otero , Sims John R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIntroductionLanabecestat, a beta‐site amyloid precursor protein‐cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) inhibitor, was investigated as a potential Alzheimer's disease (AD)‐modifying treatment. As previously reported, amyloid beta (Aβ) neuritic plaque burden reduction did not result in clinical benefit. Lanabecestat's effects on neuroimaging biomarkers and correlations between neuroimaging biomarkers and efficacy measures are reported.MethodsAMARANTH and DAYBREAK‐ALZ were 104‐ and 78‐week, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies of lanabecestat in early symptomatic AD (AMARANTH) and mild AD dementia (DAYBREAK‐ALZ). Patients randomly (1:1:1) received placebo, lanabecestat 20 mg, or lanabecestat 50 mg daily (AMARANTH, n = 2218; DAYBREAK‐ALZ, n = 1722). Florbetapir positron emission tomography (PET), fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, flortaucipir PET, and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to measure Aβ neuritic plaque burden, cerebral metabolism, aggregated tau neurofibrillary tangles, and brain volume, respectively. Additionally, florbetapir perfusion scans were performed in DAYBREAK‐ALZ. Efficacy measures included 13‐item Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive Subscale, Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living Inventory, Clinical Dementia Rating–Sum of Boxes, Functional Activities Questionnaire, and Mini‐Mental State Examination. These studies stopped early due to futility.ResultsDespite previously observed annualized reduction in Aβ neuritic plaque burden, there were no treatment differences in annualized change of aggregated tau neurofibrillary tangle burden (AMARANTH, n = 284; DAYBREAK‐ALZ, n = 70), cerebral metabolism (AMARANTH, n = 260; DAYBREAK‐ALZ, n = 38) and perfusion (DAYBREAK‐ALZ, n = 213). Greater brain volume reduction (AMARANTH, n = 1697 [whole brain]; DAYBREAK‐ALZ, n = 650 [whole brain]) occurred on lanabecestat compared to placebo. Higher baseline aggregated tau neurofibrillary tangle burden, lower cerebral metabolism, and lower brain volumes correlated with poorer baseline efficacy scores and greater clinical worsening. Lower baseline cerebral perfusion correlated with poorer baseline efficacy scores. Reduction in cerebral metabolism or whole brain volume correlated with clinical worsening, regardless of treatment assignment.DiscussionTau pathology and cerebral metabolism assessments showed no evidence of lanabecestat slowing pathophysiologic progression of AD. Lanabecestat exposure was associated with brain volume reductions. Correlations between imaging measures and cognitive assessments may aid future study design.
The longitudinal relationship between sleep problems and school burnout in adolescents: A cross‐lagged panel analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaoting , Zhang Lijin , Wu Guoqiang , Yang Rui , Liang Yuan 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionDespite the growing body of cross‐sectional research linking sleep problems and school burnout, hardly any research has investigated the longitudinal relationship between these two constructs. The aim of this study was to examine the bidirectional association between sleep problems and school burnout in middle school students.MethodsA prospective design was used incorporating four time points (approximately 6‐month interval). The participants were 1226 (50.3% girls) middle school students from 4 public schools who were in 7th grade at baseline. On average, participants were approximately 12.5 years old at the beginning of the study (Mage = 12.73, SD = 0.68). All participants completed self‐report measures in classrooms during regular school hours. The data were analyzed using a cross‐lagged structural equation model. We also examined the stability of sleep problems and school burnout in time, and investigated the moderating role of gender.ResultsThe results indicated there is a moderate stability for both sleep problems and school burnout, and those students with sleep problems were more likely to develop school burnout, and vice versa. Gender did not moderate the bidirectional relationship.ConclusionsThese results suggest that future studies should investigate whether implementing intervention for sleep problems can decrease the occurrence of school burnout and whether interventions targeting school burnout can improve sleep problems.
ESTIMATION OF HIGH CONDITIONAL TAIL RISK BASED ON EXPECTILE REGRESSION
Authors: Hu Jie , Chen Yu , Tan Keqi 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAssessing conditional tail risk at very high or low levels is of great interest in numerous applications. Due to data sparsity in high tails, the widely used quantile regression method can suffer from high variability at the tails, especially for heavy-tailed distributions. As an alternative to quantile regression, expectile regression, which relies on the minimization of the asymmetric l2-norm and is more sensitive to the magnitudes of extreme losses than quantile regression, is considered. In this article, we develop a new estimation method for high conditional tail risk by first estimating the intermediate conditional expectiles in regression framework, and then estimating the underlying tail index via weighted combinations of the top order conditional expectiles. The resulting conditional tail index estimators are then used as the basis for extrapolating these intermediate conditional expectiles to high tails based on reasonable assumptions on tail behaviors. Finally, we use these high conditional tail expectiles to estimate alternative risk measures such as the Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES), both in high tails. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are investigated. Simulation studies and real data analysis show that the proposed method outperforms alternative approaches.
The fields of values of characters of degree not divisible byp
Authors: Navarro Gabriel , Tiep Pham Huu 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe study the fields of values of the irreducible characters of a finite group of degree not divisible by a primep. In the case where$p=2$, we fully characterise these fields. In order to accomplish this, we generalise the main result of [ILNT] to higher irrationalities. We do the same for odd primes, except that in this case the analogous results hold modulo a simple-to-state conjecture on the character values of quasi-simple groups.
Institutional policies and readiness in management of critical illness among patients with viral hemorrhagic fever
Authors: DiLorenzo Madeline A. , Baker Christoph A. , Herstein Jocelyn J. , Evans Laura , Lowe John J. , Gibbs Shawn G. , Bhadelia Nahid 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjective:In response to the 2013–2016 Ebola virus disease outbreak, the US government designated certain healthcare institutions as Ebola treatment centers (ETCs) to better prepare for future emerging infectious disease outbreaks. This study investigated ETC experiences and critical care policies for patients with viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF).Design:A 58-item questionnaire elicited information on policies for 9 critical care interventions, factors that limited care provision, and innovations developed to deliver care.Setting and participants:The questionnaire was sent to 82 ETCs.Methods:We analyzed ordinal and categorical data pertaining to the ETC characteristics and descriptive data about their policies and perceived challenges. Statistical analyses assessed whether ETCs with experience caring for VHF patients were more likely to have critical care policies than those that did not.Results:Of the 27 ETCs who responded, 17 (63%) were included. Among them, 8 (47%) reported experience caring for persons under investigation or confirmed cases of VHF. Most felt ready to provide intubation, chest compressions, and renal replacement therapy to these patients. The factors most cited for limiting care were staff safety and clinical futility. Innovations developed to better provide care included increased simulation training and alternative technologies for procedures and communication.Conclusions:There were broad similarities in critical care policies and limitations among institutions. There were several interventions, namely ECMO and cricothyrotomy, which few institutions felt ready to provide. Future studies could identify obstacles to providing these interventions and explore policy changes after increased experience with novel infectious diseases, such as COVID-19.
A multi-study approach to examine the interplay of proactive personality and political skill in job crafting
Authors: Philip Jestine 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe current research examines the combined role of proactive personality and political skill in job crafting and work engagement by integrating the job demands-resources (JD-R) model and trait activation theory. Self-reported survey responses collected from three samples – university students (study 1,N= 363) and panel data (study 2,N= 300 and study 3,N= 206) – were analyzed using the PROCESS macro. Results revealed that political skill strengthened the relationship between proactive personality and work engagement and between proactive personality and job crafting when trait activated. Furthermore, perceived supervisor support did not interact with the job crafting–work engagement relationship with trait activation, suggesting that proactive individuals rely on self-resources to improve engagement when presented with trait-relevant situational cues. The findings extend JD-R theory to offer the interplay of proactive trait and political skill in facilitating overall job crating. JD-R is identified as a contextual condition for trait activation.
Tic of the Iceberg: Strategies to Support Students With Tourette Syndrome in Higher Education
Authors: Elsom Sandra , Hansen Angela 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTourette syndrome (TS) is a challenging and poorly understood condition that can have a considerable negative effect on an individual’s ability to learn, despite there being little to no impact on their intelligence. In this paper, we detail the experiences of 2 higher education staff who supported a student with severe TS to undertake studies in a university bridging program. We make suggestions and recommendations for teachers who have students with TS. Over the course of 5 semesters, the teaching team researched TS in order to understand what the student was facing and adjusted their teaching strategies and the learning environment to overcome the complications that the condition presented. The design of the learning environment and the embedded accessible pedagogy that we found helpful are framed and discussed using the 3 primary principles of universal design for learning: engagement, representation, and action and expression. The authors utilise the minimal model of Rolfe, Freshwater, and Jasper (2001) to reflect upon and share their practice.
The Role of MNE Subsidiaries in the Practice of Global Business Models in Transforming Economies
Authors: Ngoasong Michael Zisuh , Wang Jinmin , Amdam Rolv Petter , Bjarnar Ove 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTThis study provides new insights into the role of subsidiary managers in the practice of global business models of multinational enterprises in transforming economies. Drawing on the global business model literature and through semi-structured interviews with a leading Norwegian maritime multinational enterprise in China, we have developed and critically explored a theoretical framework for uncovering how subsidiary managers understand and manage the tensions between the headquarters based in a western country and the subsidiaries based in a transforming economy. More specifically, when implementing the global business model in the transforming economy, subsidiary managers need to undertake effective management of structural, behavioural, and cultural tensions along with the global integration-local responsiveness dilemma. Subsidiary managers can contribute to solving structural tensions between the headquarters and subsidiary by undertaking effective market sensing and knowledge transfer activities to integrate the transforming economies into the MNE's global production networks. Meanwhile, they need to make effective relationship management to solve behavioural and cultural tensions.
Multidexterity: Combining Competing Business Models in Transforming Economies
Authors: Demir Robert , Angwin Duncan 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTIn an attempt to respond to recent calls for better understanding the coexistence of multiple business models, we develop the concept of ‘multidexterity’ – the ability to develop, nurture, and execute several distinctive BM strategies simultaneously across different levels and functions of the MNC and its host markets. To illustrate this approach, we describe a European healthcare firm entering the rapidly transforming economy of China and facing regulatory constraints and ambiguities in the application of industry standards. This situation is a generic challenge for MNCs entering rapidly transforming economies, which they help in turn to substantially alter and develop. We argue multidextrous business models are effective entry strategies for MNCs. They also help resolve two conceptual limitations in the BMI literature: (1) the problem of environmental contingencies and (2) the interrelatedness of factors at the macro, meso, and micro levels. We address these problems from a practice approach. We provide some implications for the concept of multidexterity and business models and address managerial challenges and prospects in developing multidextrous organizations.
Nation Branding in the Post-Communist World: Assessing the Field of Critical Research
Authors: Kaneva Nadia 
Published: February 2021

AbstractIn the second decade of the 21st century, the practices, discourses, and implications of nation branding have attracted growing interest from scholars in the humanities and social sciences seeking to understand the linkages between national identities, reputations, governance, and the phenomenon of nation branding. This strand of critical research, as opposed to instrumentalist approaches, is the focus of this review. In line with the scope of the journal, the review looks at nation branding research that relates to the countries of the former communist bloc. The analysis finds that the state of the field is fragmented due to its multi-disciplinary nature. It is also argued that the field may be suffering from methodological nationalism. The discussion identifies epistemological and theoretical approaches, pointing out gaps and limitations along the way. It is suggested that research in the field can be grouped into “identity studies” and “practice studies” as a way to better understand key theoretical influences. Finally, it is proposed that future research should look at nation branding both as a field of practice that merits critical examination in its own right and as a lens that can be used to investigate changes in the state of nationhood today.
Gender and policy persuasion
Authors: Anderson-Nilsson Georgia , Clayton Amanda 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAre policy arguments more or less persuasive when they are made by female politicians? Using a diverse sample of American respondents, we conduct a survey experiment which randomly varies the gender associated with two co-partisan candidates across four policy debates. We find strong effects contingent on respondent partisanship and gender, most notably on the issue of access to birth control. On this issue, regardless of the candidate's stance, Democratic respondents, particularly Democratic men, are much more likely to agree with the female candidate. Conversely, Republican respondents, particularly Republican women, are much more likely to agree with the male candidate. We discuss the implications of our findings for the meaning of gender as a heuristic in a highly partisan environment.
Resveratrol inclusion alleviated high-dietary-carbohydrate-induced glycogen deposition and immune response of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides
Authors: Liu Yijun , Liu Ning , Wang An , Chen Naisong , Li Songlin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractExcessive hepatic glycogen accumulation commonly impairs hepatocytes function and further produces negative effects on growth and health status of carnivorous fish. A 9-week feeding trial was conducted to explore the potential regulation of resveratrol (RSV) on high-carbohydrate-induced glycogen deposition and immune response of largemouth bass. Results showed that high dietary carbohydrate (10 % inclusion of starch) led to hepatic glycogen accumulation and post-prandial hyperglycemia compared with the diet with 5 % starch, which was both alleviated with the inclusion of RSV. The use of RSV promoted the expression of sirtuin 1, which was down-regulated by high dietary carbohydrate. Meanwhile, RSV inclusion promoted the expression of genes involved in insulin pathway and glycolysis and inhibited the expression of gluconeogenesis-related genes. Additionally, high dietary carbohydrate significantly reduced lysozyme content but increased complement C4 content, which were both reversed with RSV supplementation. Meanwhile, RSV inclusion inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines but promoted anti-inflammatory cytokines expression, compared with the high carbohydrate treatment. In conclusion, RSV inclusion was beneficial in alleviating high-dietary-carbohydrate-induced glycogen accumulation and immune response in largemouth bass.
A combination of pirfenidone and TGF-β inhibition mitigates cystic echinococcosis-associated hepatic injury
Authors: Wang Erqiang , Liao Zhenyu , Wang Lianghai , Liao Yuan , Xu Xiaodan , Liu Ping , Wang Xian , Hou Jun , Jiang Huijiao , Wu Xiangwei , Chen Xueling 
Published: February 2021

AbstractCystic echinococcosis (CE) occurs in the intermediate host's liver, assuming a bladder-like structure surrounded by the host-derived collagen capsule mainly derived from activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). However, the effect of CE on liver natural killer (NK) cells and the potential of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling inhibition on alleviating CE-related liver damage remain to be explored. Here, by using the CE-mouse model, we revealed that the inhibitory receptors on the surface of liver NK cells were up-regulated, whereas the activating receptors were down-regulated over time. TGF-β1 secretion was elevated in liver tissues and mainly derived from macrophages. A combination of TGF-β signalling inhibitors SB525334 and pirfenidone could reduce the expression of TGF-β1 signalling pathway-related proteins and collagen production. Based on the secretion of TGF-β1, only the pirfenidone group showed a depressing effect. Also, the combination of SB525334 and pirfenidone exhibited a higher potential in effectively alleviating the senescence of the hepatocytes and restoring liver function. Together, TGF-β1 may be a potential target for the treatment of CE-associated liver fibrosis.
Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation boosts mood recovery after effort exertion
Authors: Ferstl Magdalena , Teckentrup Vanessa , Lin Wy Ming , Kräutlein Franziska , Kühnel Anne , Klaus Johannes , Walter Martin , Kroemer Nils B. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundMood plays an important role in our life which is illustrated by the disruptive impact of aberrant mood states in depression. Although vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to improve symptoms of depression, the exact mechanism is still elusive, and it is an open question whether non-invasive VNS could be used to swiftly and robustly improve mood.MethodsHere, we investigated the effect of left- and right-sided transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS)v.a sham control condition on mood after the exertion of physical and cognitive effort in 82 healthy participants (randomized cross-over design) using linear mixed-effects and hierarchical Bayesian analyses of mood ratings.ResultsWe found that 90 min of either left-sided or right-sided taVNS improved positive mood [b= 5.11, 95% credible interval, CI (1.39–9.01), 9.6% improvement relative to the mood intercept, BF10= 7.69,pLME= 0.017], yet only during the post-stimulation phase. Moreover, lower baseline scores of positive mood were associated with greater taVNS-induced improvements in motivation [r= −0.42, 95% CI (−0.58 to −0.21), BF10= 249].ConclusionsWe conclude that taVNS boosts mood after a prolonged period of effort exertion with concurrent stimulation and that acute motivational effects of taVNS are partly dependent on initial mood states. Collectively, our results show that taVNS may help quickly improve affect after a mood challenge, potentially by modulating interoceptive signals contributing to the reappraisal of effortful behavior. This suggests that taVNS could be a useful add-on to current behavioral therapies.
Posttraumatic stress disorder: from gene discovery to disease biology
Authors: Polimanti Renato , Wendt Frank R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex mental disorder afflicting approximately 7% of the population. The diverse number of traumatic events and the wide array of symptom combinations leading to PTSD diagnosis contribute substantial heterogeneity to studies of the disorder. Genomic and complimentary-omic investigations have rapidly increased our understanding of the heritable risk for PTSD. In this review, we emphasize the contributions of genome-wide association, epigenome-wide association, transcriptomic, and neuroimaging studies to our understanding of PTSD etiology. We also discuss the shared risk between PTSD and other complex traits derived from studies of causal inference, co-expression, and brain morphological similarities. The investigations completed so far converge on stark contrasts in PTSD risk between sexes, partially attributed to sex-specific prevalence of traumatic experiences with high conditional risk of PTSD. To further understand PTSD biology, future studies should focus on detecting risk for PTSD while accounting for substantial cohort-level heterogeneity (e.g. civilian v. combat-exposed PTSD cases or PTSD risk among cases exposed to specific traumas), expanding ancestral diversity among study cohorts, and remaining cognizant of how these data influence social stigma associated with certain traumatic events among underrepresented minorities and/or high-risk populations.
The challenge of relational referents in early word extensions: Evidence from noun-noun compounds
Authors: SNAPE Simon , KROTT Andrea 
Published: February 2021

AbstractYoung children struggle more with mapping novel words onto relational referents (e.g., verbs) compared to non-relational referents (e.g., nouns). We present further evidence for this notion by investigating children's extensions of noun-noun compounds, which map onto combinations of non-relational referents, i.e., objects (e.g.,babyandbottleforbaby bottle), and relations (e.g., abottleFORbabies). We tested two- to five-year-olds’ and adults’ generalisations of novel compounds composed of novel (e.g.,kig donka) or familiar (e.g.,star hat) nouns that were combined by one of two relations (e.g.,donkathat has akigattached (=attachment relation) versusdonkathat stores akig(=function relation)). Participants chose between a relational (shared relation) and a non-relational (same colour) match. Results showed a developmental shift from encoding non-relational aspects (colour) towards relations of compound referents, supporting the challenge of relational word referents. Also, attachment relations were more frequently encoded than function relations.