bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quad‐Band Transmissive Metasurface with Linear to Dual‐Circular Polarization Conversion Simultaneously
Authors: Li Zhuo Yue , Li Si Jia , Han Bo Wen , Huang Guo Shuai , Guo Ze Xu , Cao Xiang Yu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMetasurface is a momentous periodic or aperiodic microstructure which has capabilities in controlling polarization of electromagnetic waves. To realize polarization controlling, many microstructures have been designed to achieve the function. However, multi‐band linear to dual‐circular polarization converter is rarely proposed and designed in the last few years. Here, a quad‐band dual‐circular transmissive metasurface (QCT‐MS) is proposed to manipulate polarization of transmissive wave. QCT‐MS is designed as a three‐layer microstructure, with substrate in the middle and two metal patches in the shape of bi‐symmetrical arrow on both sides. The proposed microstructure manipulates linear polarization waves to dual‐circular polarization waves in different frequency bands with x‐polarized or y‐polarized incident waves. The experimental and simulated results reveal that left‐hand circularly polarized waves can be realized in 3.14–3.32, 4.41–4.46, and 14.82–16.05 GHz while the right‐hand circularly polarized waves can be achieved from 9.45 to 10.12 GHz for QCT‐MS with x‐polarized incidences. Moreover, the simulated results also demonstrate its characteristics of wide‐angle transmission and periodic changes. The proposed transmissive metasurface can be utilized in multiband communication and multifunctional dual‐circularly polarized antenna systems.
Simulation on Effects of Injection Parameters on CO2 Enhanced Gas Recovery in a Heterogeneous Natural Gas Reservoir
Authors: Fan Ling , Tan Qizhi , Li Hangyu , Xu Jianchun , Wang Xiaopu , Liu Shuyang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCO2 enhanced gas recovery (CO2‐EGR) is a promising technology to extract additional natural gas from depleted reservoirs with storing CO2 into underground formations. This work conducted CO2‐EGR simulations in a heterogeneous gas reservoir by using isothermal and non‐isothermal models and systematically analyzed the effects of various CO2 injection parameters on natural gas recovery, CO2 storage, and their comprehensive benefits. The results indicate that the CO2 injection well should be perforated in the lower position, whose overlaid layers with low permeability hinder the upward migration of CO2, and the larger natural gas recovery and CO2 storage can be achieved simultaneously for better comprehensive benefits. The optimal injection rate is 137.29 m3·d−1 to achieve the highest recovery factor of 64.87%. The decrease in injection temperature and the increase in injection pressure are averse to the enhancement of recovery but beneficial to larger CO2 storage. The comprehensive benefits of natural gas recovery and CO2 storage are insensitive to the change of injection pressure and temperature, despite that every single one of them is more subjective to injection pressure than temperature. It's hoped that the findings of this work provide some theoretical guidance for the application of CO2‐EGR.
In Situ Investigation of the Motion Behavior of Graphene on Liquid Copper
Authors: Wang Luyang , Ding Yu , Wang Xiaozheng , Lai Runze , Zeng Mengqi , Fu Lei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe in situ investigation of the dynamic growth process and novel assembly phenomena of graphene on liquid copper (Cu) is of great significance to deeply understand the special behavior of graphene and self‐assembly mechanism. Here, the direct observation of the graphene growth and motion behavior on liquid Cu via in situ imaging is reported. Evidence of graphene movement on liquid Cu is offered and it is demonstrated that the translation and rotation behaviors of graphene are affected by the surface condition of liquid Cu. The self‐assembly process of graphene array is also revealed by capturing the dynamic changes of graphene in real‐time. Further analysis highlights the importance of surface energy of liquid Cu and the interaction between graphene building blocks during the self‐assembling process. The growth parameters are also investigated to flexibly control the assembly configuration of graphene arrays. This work provides an insight into the mechanism of graphene motion and assembly behavior that can be used to guide the controllable manipulation of 2D materials and on‐demand fabrication assembly structures with desired properties.
Multiplexing Methods for Simultaneous Large‐Scale Transcriptomic Profiling of Samples at Single‐Cell Resolution
Authors: Cheng Junyun , Liao Jie , Shao Xin , Lu Xiaoyan , Fan Xiaohui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBarcoding technology has greatly improved the throughput of cells and genes detected in single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) studies. Recently, increasing studies have paid more attention to the use of this technology to increase the throughput of samples, as it has greatly reduced the processing time, technical batch effects, and library preparation costs, and lowered the per‐sample cost. In this review, the various DNA‐based barcoding methods for sample multiplexing are focused on, specifically, on the four major barcoding strategies. A detailed comparison of the barcoding methods is also presented, focusing on aspects such as sample/cell throughput and gene detection, and guidelines for choosing the most appropriate barcoding technique according to the personalized requirements are developed. Finally, the critical applications of sample multiplexing and technical challenges in combinatorial labeling, barcoding in vivo, and multimodal tagging at the spatially resolved resolution, as well as, the future prospects of multiplexed scRNA‐seq, for example, prioritizing and predicting the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in patients of different gender and age are highlighted.
Magnetized melamine‐modified polyacrylonitrile (PAN@melamine/Fe3O4) organometallic nanomaterial: Preparation, characterization, and application as a multifunctional catalyst in the synthesis of bioactive dihydropyrano [2,3‐c]pyrazole and 2‐amino‐3‐cyano 4H‐pyran derivatives
Authors: Hassanzadeh‐Afruzi Fereshte , Dogari Haniyeh , Esmailzadeh Farhad , Maleki Ali 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAn efficient magnetic polymer‐based nanomaterial was prepared in three main steps including synthesis of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), modification of PAN with melamine, and magnetization of the PAN@melamine compound by in situ construction of Fe3O4 MNPs. The novel PAN@melamine/Fe3O4 organometallic nanocomposite was well characterized by various techniques such as Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) curve. Afterward, the fabricated nanocomposite was used as a heterogeneous catalyst in two multicomponent reactions (MCRs) for the synthesis of biologically active dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole and 2‐amino‐3‐cyano 4H‐pyran derivatives. The corresponding products were obtained in excellent yields without a complicated work‐up process. Besides, the prepared nanocatalyst could be recycled and reused at least five consecutive runs in both MCRs without a considerable decline in its catalytic activity.
Bioinspired cobalt molecular electrocatalyst for water oxidation coupled with carbon dioxide reduction
Authors: Yin Xiaomeng , Zhang Shifu , Wang Jinmiao , Li Jingjing , Chen Fangfang , Yao Shuo , Fan Yuhua , Wang Mei 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo mimic photosynthesis in green plants, it is a crucial challenge to drive water oxidation and CO2 reduction in one single system. In this study, we present a bioinspired trinuclear pyridinedicarboxylate cobalt complex (Et3NH)2[CoIII2CoII(OH2)(pda)5]·H2O (1) that is capable of homogeneously electrocatalytic water oxidation and CO2 reduction simultaneously. The designed mix‐valent cobalt complex is in a V‐configuration composed of two terminal CoIII ions and one central CoII ion coordinated with one water ligand, which is resemble to aqua ligation of the natural catalytic complex in oxygen‐evolving complex (OEC). The electrochemical results show that this trinuclear cobalt complex could electrocatalyze water oxidation under neutral condition at the potentials of 1.15 V and 2.00 V versus NHE, with the Faraday efficiency as high as about 96% and 82%, and the TOF of 2.22 and 10.20 s−1, respectively. Meanwhile, it also displays electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO2 to CO with the TOF of 0.93 s−1. The cobalt complex has good catalytic performance for the conversion of H2O and CO2 into O2 and CO, respectively, which may be mainly due to the key role of the flexible water ligand on the central CoII ion in the catalytic process. This work represents the first multinuclear cobalt complex for mimicking bio‐system to drive water oxidation coupled with carbon dioxide reduction simultaneously.
Effect of formaldehyde precursor and water inhibition in dimethoxymethane synthesis from methanol over acidic ion exchange resins: mechanism and kinetics
Authors: Peláez Raquel , Marín Pablo , Ordóñez Salvador 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA systematic comparison of the use of trioxane and depolymerized paraformaldehyde as formaldehyde precursors for the acetalization of methanol to dimethoxymethane was performed, using the acidic ion exchange resin, Amberlyst 15, as catalyst. Experiments were carried out under isothermal conditions in batch and continuous fixed‐bed reactors. The influence of the main operating parameters, temperature (80–120 °C), space time (2.7–6.2 kg h m−3), and feed concentration (12–22 wt% of trioxane/formaldehyde, 2.5 wt% of water on methanol) on reaction rate and product selectivity were evaluated. When using trioxane as reactant, dimethoxymethane is the main reaction product, with more than 90% selectivity. The catalyst was found to be stable during all the experiments (more than 30 h on stream). However, water caused a reversible inhibitory effect on reaction rate, which can be accounted for by using a competitive adsorption model. A mechanistic kinetic model was proposed and validated using the experimental results. When trioxane is used as reactant, its decomposition to formaldehyde was found to be the rate‐limiting step of the reaction mechanism (activation energy 73.1 kJ mol−1). This was confirmed with additional experiments, in which trioxane was replaced by depolymerized formaldehyde. In this case, reaction rate considerably increased. © 2021 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Increasing physical activity and analyzing parametrically the effects on stereotypy in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Goldman Kissel J. , DeLeon Iser G. , Schieber Elizabeth , Weinsztok Sarah C. , Nicolini Gina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and stereotypy engagement is associated with reduced physical activity (PA). Beyond health benefits, researchers have also reported decreases in stereotypy and corresponding increases in on‐task behavior in individuals with ASD following PA. However, the duration of reported PA varies among studies examining these effects and the persistence of any effect is not well understood. Furthermore, no previous study examining these effects has reported difficulty evoking adequate durations of PA. The purposes of this study were to (1) develop an intervention to increase PA engagement, (2) analyze changes in stereotypy and on‐task behavior following PA, and (3) assess persistence of changes as a function of PA duration. Four participants with ASD were observed for 10 min before, between 1 and 15 min during, and 30 min following PA. Results demonstrated that some duration of PA decreased stereotypy and increased on‐task behavior for most participants.
The prognostic performance of the log odds of positive lymph nodes in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A population study of the US SEER database and a Chinese single‐institution cohort
Authors: Zhang Hongdian , Xiao Wanyi , Ren Peng , Zhu Kai , Jia Ran , Yang Yueyang , Gong Lei , Yu Zhentao , Tang Peng 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic performance of the log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) value compared with the pathological N stage and lymph node ratio (LNR) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).MethodIn total 1144 patients diagnosed with ESCC from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and 930 patients from our validation cohort were eligible. Kaplan–Meier plotter and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to investigate the prognostic value of the N stage, LNR stage, and LODDS stage. The homogeneity, discriminatory ability, and monotonicity of these variables were evaluated using the linear trend χ2 test, likelihood ratio χ2 test, Akaike information criterion (AIC), and consistency index (C‐index) to determine the potential superiorities.ResultsThe prognostic LODDS cutoff values were determined to be −1.49 and −0.55 (p < 0.001). Univariate analyses showed significant association among the N, LNR, and LODDS stages and overall survival of the patients (all p < 0.001). Multivariate analyses confirmed that the LODDS stage remained an independent prognostic indicator in both the SEER database and our validation cohort. Subgroup analyses identified the ability of LODDS stage to distinguish heterogeneous patients within various groups in both independent databases. Furthermore, the model with the highest C‐index and smallest AIC value was the one incorporating the LODDS stage among the three investigated nodal classifications of both cohorts.ConclusionThe novel LODDS stage demonstrated better prognostic performance than the traditional N or LNR stages in ESCC patients. It can serve as an auxiliary factor to improve prognostic performance and can be applied to evaluate the lymph node status to increase the precision of staging and evaluation of survival.
Evaluation of an E. coli Cell Extract Prepared by Lysozyme‐Assisted Sonication via Gene Expression, Phage Assembly and Proteomics
Authors: Falgenhauer Elisabeth , von Schönberg Sophie , Meng Chen , Mückl Andrea , Vogele Kilian , Emslander Quirin , Ludwig Christina , Simmel Friedrich C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOver the past decades, starting from crude cell extracts, a variety of successful preparation protocols and optimized reaction conditions have been established for the production of cell‐free gene expression systems. One of the crucial steps during the preparation of cell extract‐based expression systems is the cell lysis procedure itself, which largely determines the quality of the active components of the extract. Here we evaluate the utility of an E. coli cell extract, which was prepared using a combination of lysozyme incubation and a gentle sonication step. As quality measure, we demonstrate the cell‐free expression of YFP at concentrations up to 0.6 mg/mL. In addition, we produced and assembled T7 bacteriophages up to a titer of 108 PFU/mL. State‐of‐the‐art quantitative proteomics was used to compare the produced extracts with each other and with a commercial extract. The differences in protein composition were surprisingly small between lysozyme‐assisted sonication (LAS) extracts, but we observed an increase in the release of DNA‐binding proteins for increasing numbers of sonication cycles. Proteins taking part in carbohydrate metabolism, glycolysis, amino acid and nucleotide related pathways were found to be more abundant in the LAS extract, while proteins related to RNA modification and processing, DNA modification and replication, transcription regulation, initiation, termination and the TCA cycle were found enriched in the commercial extract.
Sphaeropsidin A: A Pimarane Diterpene with Interesting Biological Activities and Promising Practical Applications
Authors: Masi Marco , Evidente Antonio 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSphaeropsidin A (SphA) is a tetracyclic pimarane diterpene, first isolated as the main phytotoxin produced by Diplodia cupressi the causal agent of a severe canker disease of Italian cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.). It was also produced, together with several analogues, by different pathogenic Diplodia species and other fungi and showed a broad array of biological activities suggesting its promising application in agriculture and medicine. The anticancer activity of SphA is very potent and cell specific. Recent studies have revealed its unique mode of action. This minireview reports the structures of SphA and its family of natural analogues, their biosynthetic origins, their fungal sources, and biological activities. The preparation of various SphA derivatives is also described as well as the results of structure‐activity relationship (SAR) studies and on their potential practical applications.
Polymer‐free Biolimus‐A9 coated thin strut stents for patients at high bleeding risk 1‐year results from the LEADERS FREE III study
Authors: Eberli Franz R. , Stoll Hans‐Peter , Urban Philip , Morice Marie‐Claude , Brunel Philippe , Maillard Luc , Lipiecki Janus , Cook Stephane , Berland Jacques , Hovasse Thomas , Carrie Didier , Schütte Diana , Slama Sara Sadozai , Garot Philippe 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn patients at high bleeding risk (HBR), the LEADERS FREE (LF) trial established the safety and efficacy of a polymer‐free drug coated (Biolimus‐A9) stainless steel stent (SS‐DCS) with 30 days of dual antiplatelet treatment (DAPT). In LEADERS FREE III, we studied a new cobalt‐chromium thin‐strut stent (CoCr‐DCS) in HBR patients.MethodsThe CoCr‐DCS shares all of the design features of the SS‐DCS but has a CoCr stent platform with strut thickness of 84–88 μm. The primary safety endpoint was a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), and definite/probable stent thrombosis. The primary efficacy endpoint was clinically indicated target lesion revascularization. Outcomes were compared to those of LF (non‐inferiority to SS‐DCS for safety and superiority to SS‐BMS for efficacy). Additional propensity‐matched comparisons were performed to account for baseline differences.ResultsWe recruited 401 HBR patients using identical criteria to the LF trial. At 1 year, the primary safety endpoint was reached by 31/401 (8.0%) of patients treated with the CoCr‐DCS versus 35/401 (8.9%) for the propensity‐matched cohort (HR: 0.89, [0.55–1.44], p < 0.001 for non‐inferiority, 0.62 for superiority). The efficacy endpoint was reached by 16/401 (4.2%) of CoCr‐DCS patients versus 41/401 (10.6%) in the propensity‐matched cohort (HR: 0.4 [0.2:0.7]) (p = 0.007 for superiority). There was no statistical difference between CoCr‐DCS and SS‐DCS in terms of efficacy (HR: 1.46 [0.68–3.15], p = 0.33).ConclusionsThe new thin‐strut CoCr‐DCS proved non‐inferior to the SS‐DCS for safety, and superior to the BMS for efficacy in HBR patients treated with 30 days of DAPT.
Regioselective asymmetric bioreduction of trans‐4‐phenylbut‐3‐en‐2‐one by whole‐cell of Weissella cibaria N9 biocatalyst
Authors: Kalay Erbay , Şahin Engin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is a considerable interest in the asymmetric production of chiral allylic alcohols, the main building blocks of many functional molecules. The asymmetric reduction of α,β‐unsaturated ketones is difficult with traditional chemical protocols in a regioselective and stereoselective manner. In this study, the reductive capacity of whole cell of Leuconostoc mesenteroides N6, Weissella paramesenteroides N7, Weissella cibaria N9, and Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides N13 was investigated as whole‐cell biocatalysts in the enantioselective reduction of (E)‐4‐phenylbut‐3‐en‐2‐one (1). The biocatalytic reduction of 1 to (S,E)‐4‐phenylbut‐3‐en‐2‐ol ((S,E)‐2) using the whole cell of W. cibaria N9 isolated from Turkish sourdough was developed in a regioselective fashion, occurring with excellent conversion and recovering the product in good yield. In biocatalytic reduction reactions, the conversion of the substrate and the enantiomeric excess (ee) of the product are significantly affected by optimization parameters such as temperature, agitation rate, pH, and incubation time. Effects of these parameters on ee and conversion were investigated comprehensively. In addition, to our knowledge, this is the first report on production of (S,E)‐2 using whole‐cell biocatalyst in excellent yield, conversion with enantiopure form and at gram scale. These findings pave the way for the use of whole cell of W. cibaria N9 for challenging higher substrate concentrations of different α,β‐unsaturated ketones for regioselective reduction at industrial scale.
A new outlook and a model of reactions in porous media
Authors: Otarod Masood , Supkowski Ronald M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA novel method based on cup‐mixing concentration and superficial velocity is presented for the analysis of reactions in isothermal fixed‐bed reactors. It is founded on experimentally observed profiles of concentration and velocity so as to preserve the heterogeneity of a reaction system. The domain of application of the model includes reaction systems at lower Reynolds numbers and Péclet numbers of less than 700 with a void fraction of for which the ratio of the bed‐length‐to‐particle diameter to particle Péclet number exceeds .
The association between Annexin A2 and epithelial cell adhesion molecule in breast cancer cells
Authors: Al‐Qahtani Saad Misfer , Gadalla Salah Eldin , Guo Min , Ericsson Christer , Hägerstrand Daniel , Nistér Monica 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a type I transmembrane and glycosylated protein, which is overexpressed in many neoplasms. However, EpCAM has no known ligand partners and the mechanisms by which it functions are not fully understood.AimThis study was performed to discover novel partners of EpCAM, which may provide a better understanding of its functions.MethodsThe membrane fraction of the ERα+ noninvasive breast cancer cell line ZR‐75‐1 and MCF‐7 was extracted and followed by co‐immunoprecipitation of EpCAM using C‐10, a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against amino acids 24–93 of the EpCAM molecule. As a negative control, MDA‐MB‐231 and Hs578T were used since they express a negligible amount of EpCAM and are known as EpCAM−/low ERα−/low invasive and tumorigenic breast cancer cell lines.ResultsAnnexin A2 (ANXA2) was found to be selectively and differentially co‐immunoprecipitated with EpCAM in the ERα+ breast cancer cells MCF‐7 and ZR‐75‐1. ANXA2 is a multifunctional protein and known to act as a co‐receptor for tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) on the surface of endothelial and cancer cells, thereby affecting fibrinolytic activity and neoangiogenesis as well as invasive and metastatic properties. In this study, the association between EpCAM and ANXA2 was found to affect the activity of tPA.ConclusionThis study concludes that ANXA2 co‐localizes with EpCAM at the plasma membrane, and the co‐localization may have functional implications. Data suggest that EpCAM supports ANXA2 to function as a co‐receptor for the tPA, and that EpCAM has a regulatory function on the expression and subcellular localization of ANXA2.