bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prepositional phrases in German in Austria – identifying patterns of variation
Authors: Kim Agnes , Korecky-Kröll Katharina 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGerman in Austria is claimed to be shaped by wide-spread dialect use and historical language contact. In this context, variation in prepositional phrases (PPs) is frequently cited, but still underresearched. Three linguistic variables are particularly interesting: (1) preposition choice (p-choice), (2) case marking in PPs and (3) preposition–determiner contractions. The present study aims at identifying linguistic and sociolinguistic – including regional – patterns of variation in the realization of PPs with two-way prepositions in German in Austria on the basis of natural production data including formal and informal registers from urban and rural adults of different age groups and different socioeconomic backgrounds living in Bavarian regions of Austria. The data were compared against the German standard variety from Germany to identify all constructions (possibly) specific for German in Austria. Results indicate that p-choice (particularly in directed motion constructions) shows mostly regional effects: South Bavarian varieties are characterized by preposition drop, whereas in the other regions, the prepositionauf‘on(to)’ seems overrepresented. However, case marking is more dependent on sociodemographic variables and accusative–dative syncretism appears more frequently in plural than in singular contexts. Finally, specific preposition–determiner contractions are widespread across all regions and groups investigated, even in (close-to-)standard registers.
Analysing spells in the Harry Potter series: Sound-symbolic effects of syllable lengths, voiced obstruents and low vowels
Authors: Kumagai Gakuji 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The current study is the first to attempt to perform a sound-symbolic analysis of the spells featured in the Harry Potter series. The present research analysed 171 spells in terms of syllable lengths and the number of voiced obstruents and stressed low vowels. The results showed that the Killing Curse, Avada Kedavra, which is known as one of the most powerful and sinister spells, has the most voiced obstruents and stressed low vowels. The study then experimentally examined whether three factors – syllable lengths, voiced obstruents and low vowels – evoked the imagery of powerful spells using nonce words. The results suggested that voiced obstruents and stressed low vowels are sound-symbolically associated with powerful imagery, which aligns with the studies in Pokémonastics concerning strong character names (Kawahara et al. 2018; Shih et al. 2019). Moreover, names containing more syllables were favoured as powerful spells by those who are unfamiliar with the Harry Potter series, which is evidence of the iconicity of quantity in general English speakers.
Effect of non-competitive inhibitors of aminopeptidase N on viability of human and murine tumor cells
Authors: Pascual Alonso Isel , García Gabriela , Díaz Lisset , Arrebola Yarini , Rivera Méndez Laura , Almeida García Fabiola , Chappé Pacheco Mae , Sánchez Belinda , Charli Jean-Louis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Peptidases participate in tumor development and growth. Mammalian neutral aminopeptidase (APN, EC 3.4.11.2, M1 family) catalyzes the cleavage of neutral and basic amino acids from the N-terminus of substrates. APN expression is dysregulated in several types of cancer, being a target for the development of new anticancer agents. Recently, we identified three new non-competitive inhibitors of soluble porcine APN (pAPN) by virtual screening (BTB11079, JFD00064, BTB07018, from Maybridge). In the present contribution we assayed their effect on the activity of APN in a microsomal preparation of porcine kidney cortex, a model of the physicochemical environment of the enzyme. These classical inhibitors had an IC50 value of 3–5 µM. Additionally, using a kinetic approach and a specific substrate, we quantified APN activity on the cell surface of human and murine lung, colon, prostate, and skin tumor cells. APN inhibitors reduced tumor cells viability, more efficiently in the higher APN activity tumor cell lines, but not in non-tumoral cells. BTB11079, JFD00064, BTB07018 effects on cell viability were stronger than that of bestatin, a positive control. Thus, these non-competitive APN inhibitors may be useful tools for cancer treatment.
Force measurement of electrodes on a human head model
Authors: Fröhlich Thomas , Sindram Johannes , Haueisen Jens , Hunold Alexander 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) and transcranial electric stimulation (TES) require caps for holding the respective electrodes in place. To support the optimal design of such caps, knowledge of the force-displacement curves for each electrode position is desirable. We propose a calibrated setup to traceably measure force-displacement curves which consists of a human head model, a force sensor, a linear guide, a stepper motor, and a multiplexing multimeter. Repeated measures of a textile EEG-cap and a TES-cap show significant non-linearity and hysteresis effects for the force-displacement curves. Our setup will allow for the assessment of the fit of EEG and TES-caps for various head shapes and sizes.
Discourse module in mind: a biolinguistical hypothesis of macro-structure
Authors: Masuda Hirokuni 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Theoretical linguistics embraces the analytic micro-system of representation as the core of language ability, and thus deals primarily with the computations of phonology, morphology, and syntax for structural processes. Looking into recent progress in human biology, however, there have been continuous indications that the internalized language is organized for creating structural sequences larger than phrases and sentences. Research on the right cerebrum of the brain, for example, shows its neurological tasks for composing a coherent story while the studies of individuals with deficits in underpinning genotypes reveal disruptions in constructing narratives. Moreover, investigations of human evolution are compelled to acknowledge a mysterious gap in psychological capacities of Homo sapiens and their later descendant, Homo sapiens sapiens, implicating a distinct stage of the language origin beyond syntax. What all these pieces of neurobiological evidence suggest is that humans have been bestowed an inherent linguistic capability for computing the synthetic macro-system of representation.
La Comisión sin régimen. Reflexión en torno al papel de las láminas del Álbum de la Comisión Corográfica en la construcción del imaginario nacional colombiano
Authors: Suárez Carlos Felipe 
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo revisa el papel que las láminas del Álbum de la Comisión Corográfica cumplieron en la edificación del “imaginario nacional” neogranadino. Es comprensible que, dadas la magnitud e intenciones de la empresa, se les otorgue tal importancia a sus imágenes. Sin embargo, la exagerada distancia cronológica entre la producción y la publicación de las mismas permite cuestionar el rol paradigmático que se le ha conferido. Para tal propósito este trabajo plantea una revisión cronológica de los diversos momentos de dichas láminas.
Presentación
Authors: -  
Published: September 2021

Nuevamente presentamos un sincero saludo a la comunidad académica de diseño y entregamos a nuestros lectores el fascículo 19 de la Revista KEPES. Grupo de Estudio en Diseño Visual, que en esta oportunidad reúne 15 artículos provenientes de universidades nacionales e internacionales.
Da inicio al presente número el artículo “Estudio filosófico sobre la mirada estética en el diseño” de Fernando R. Contreras, profesor titular de la Facultad de Comunicación de la Universidad de Sevilla (España), quien analiza algunas ideas filosóficas cercanas a la estética del diseño. Para el autor, la configuración de una estética del diseño requiere un proyecto interdisciplinar que permita comprender las carencias de las teorías estéticas del arte, que aunado a las tesis sociales sobre el mundo contemporáneo y a la perspectiva crítica de los estudios de la cultura, ayudan a dilucidar situaciones complejas que enfrentan los diseñadores en su práctica profesional. A continuación, se incluye el artículo “Metamorfosis del espacio expositivo en el museo de ciencias: de cueva de tesoros a estudio creativo” escrito por Natalia Pérez-Orrego, docente de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín (Colombia), y John Arango Flórez, profesor adscrito a la Universidad Nacional sede Medellín (Colombia), para quienes los imaginarios culturales de la ciencia y los escenarios para su representación han evolucionado. En su trabajo analizan tres espacios expositivos proyectados en el museo de ciencias: la cueva de tesoros, la tienda por departamentos y el estudio creativo que, en apariencia,fueron depuestos, pero en la actualidad perviven en estas instituciones; comprender la naturaleza de dichos espacios, aseguran los investigadores, permitirá distinguir el papel que cumple el museo en la divulgación de la ciencia a la sociedad.
DELIKTUELE AANSPREEKLIKHEID WEENS ’N LATE: IS DIE ONDERNEMER SY KLANT SE HOEDER?
Authors: J Neethling  
Published: September 2021

Dit is gevestigde reg dat ’n persoon wat versuim om te verhoed dat ’n ander skade ly, in die reël nie deliktueel onregmatig handel nie, of soos dit kripties in Saaiman v Minister of Safety and Security (2003 3 SA 496 (O) 503) gestel word: “The general rule of delict is that no one is held liable for doing nothing. This is trite law.” Positief gestel, is sodanige late dus prima facie regmatig. “Onderliggend aan dié uitgangspunt is die gedagte dat niemand sy broer se hoeder is nie”. Regsbeleidsoorwegings hiervoor is onder andere dat ’n algemene regsplig om benadeling van andere deur positiewe optrede te voorkom, ’n te swaar las op persone in die gemeenskap sou plaas, asook dat dit tot chaos kon lei “[i]f every individual were liable for failure to protect others against loss”, aangesien “each would be compelled, in order to avoid liability, to run around and busy himself with the affairs of his neighbours”. “Society is [dus] hesitant”, soos dit in Cape Town Municipality v Bakkerud (2000 3 SA 1049 (HHA) 1054) verwoord word, “to impose liability in law for, as it is sometimes put, ‘minding one’s own business’”. Daarom moet daar in elke besondere geval bepaal word of daar inderdaad ’n regsplig was om positief op te tree ten einde benadeling te vermy, en dit word beantwoord aan die hand van die redelikheids- of boni moresonregmatigheidsmaatstaf. In Van Eeden v Minister of Safety and Security (Women’s Legal Centre Trust, as amicus curiae) (2003 1 SA 389 (HHA) 395; sien ook Minister of Safety and Security v Hamilton 2004 2 SA 216 (HHA) 229) word dit so gestel: “The appropriate test for determining wrongfulness [of an omission] has been settled in a long line of decisions of this Court. An omission is wrongful if thedefendant is under a legal duty to act positively to prevent the harm suffered by the plaintiff. The test is one of reasonableness. A defendant is under a legal duty to act positively to prevent harm to the plaintiff if it is reasonable to expect of the defendant to have taken positive measures to prevent the harm.” In die onlangse tyd het daar ’n hele paar gevalle voor die howe gedien waar klante van ondernemers op sakepersele benadeel is. Drie sodanige gevalle verdien nadere beskouing, naamlik waar ’n klant op ’n gladdewinkelvloer gly en beseer word, waar ’n klant op ’n besigheidsperseel geskiet word, en waar ’n klant se motor op die parkeerterrein van ’n besigheid gesteel word. In al hierdie gevalle is die primêre vraag of die betrokke ondernemer sy klant se hoeder is, met ander woorde, of daar ’n regsplig op die ondernemer gerus het om die klant se benadeling te voorkom het. Sekondêr kom die vraag na die ondernemer se nalatigheid (en kousaliteit) ter sprake.
To the question of changing the blood picture in the conditions of chemical production
Authors: Nimtsovitskaya M. A. 
Published: September 2021

We set ourselves the task of establishing how the effect of ether vapors and nitrogen oxides is reflected in the hemogram during a long stay in production. For this purpose, we have carried out about 180 complete blood tests of workers at chemical plant N, of which one group of workers is exposed to ether vapors at a concentration of 5 to 20 milligrams. and more by 1 L of air, the other - to the effect of nitrogen oxides of various concentrations (the concentration ranges from thousandths of a milligram. to tenths and even up to several milligrams., 3-5, per 1 L of air).
The subjects underwent a complete blood test (from 9 to 12 am). Hb was determined with a Sahli hemometer (calibrated). Erythrocytes and leukocytes were counted in the Brker chamber (Trk grid). The smears were stained according to Pappenheimy (Mau-Grnwald-Giemsа), it was counted according to Sсhіllingy not less than 200, more often 300 leukocytes. To detect basophilic granularity in erythrocytes, smears were stained according to the method proposed by E.O. Freyfeld (diluted aqueous solution of 1% methylene blue 5 drops per 20 bar of tap water, staining within an hour). In most workers, the number of young erythrocytes-reticulocytes was determined (blood test on the substantia granulo-filamentosa); coloring according to Schilling'y combined coloring Brillanteresylblau Giemsa; 1000 erythrocytes were counted and the number of reticulocytes encountered; in addition, their content was assessed by fields of view.
Eeg-analysis of the effect of combined use of carbamazepin and mexidolum on the epileptiform brain activity
Authors: Badalyan О. L. , Nerobkova L. N. , Voronina Т. А. , Avakyan G. N. 
Published: September 2021

Experiments on rats with chronic epileptogenic fod in sensomotor region of cortex showed that effects of anticonvulsive agents depend on the progression phase of epileptic system. Effect of carbamasepinum in effective doses is mostly expressed during the phase of stable epileptic system with
determinant foci in limbico-hypothalamic structures. Lowering the doses of the drug brings about a decrease of anticonvulsive effect and activation of the secondary hippocampal focus. Combined use of carbamazepin and mexidolum with membra-notropic antioxidantal activity bbrings about an increase of anticonvulsive properties of carbamazepin and allows to decrease the therapeutic doses of the last.
Modeling crustal structure through the use of converted phases in teleseismic body-wave forms
Authors: Burdick L. J. , Langston Charles A. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
By comparing records of the radial component of motion of teleseismic P waves to records of the vertical component, it is possible to identify S phases within the P wave form. These phases are generated by the mechanism of P to S conversion at discontinuities in velocity under the receiving station. Similar phases of the S to P converted type appear as precursors to the direct SV arrival. Models for the crustal structure can be tested by generating synthetic seismograms for both components of motion of both the P and SV waves and comparing with the data. The technique has been used to model the crustal structure at WWSSN stations CAR and COR. It has also been used to check a recently proposed model for the crustal structure in eastern Canada which contains a large low-shear-velocity zone at the base of the crust. This study indicates that the crustal structure in eastern Canada is highly non-uniform with perhaps few features common to the whole region. Finally, the technique is used to identify several stations in the WWSSN which appear to be located on highly anomalous structure.
The April 29, 1965, Puget Sound earthquake and the crustal and upper mantle structure of western Washington
Authors: Langston Charles A. , Blum David E. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Simultaneous modeling of source parameters and local layered earth structure for the April 29, 1965, Puget Sound earthquake was done using both ray and layer matrix formulations for point dislocations imbedded in layered media. The source parameters obtained are: dip 70° to the east, strike 344°, rake −75°, 63 km depth, average moment of 1.4 ± 0.6 × 1026 dyne-cm, and a triangular time function with a rise time of 0.5 sec and falloff of 2.5 sec. An upper mantle and crustal model for southern Puget Sound was determined from inferred reflections from interfaces above the source. The main features of the model include a distinct 15-km-thick low-velocity zone with a 2.5-km/sec P-wave-velocity contrast lower boundary situated at approximately 56-km depth. Ray calculations which allow for sources in dipping structure indicate that the inferred high contrast value can trade off significantly with interface dip provided the structure dips eastward. The effective crustal model is less than 15 km thick with a substantial sediment section near the surface. A stacking technique using the instantaneous amplitude of the analytic signal is developed for interpreting short-period teleseismic observations. The inferred reflection from the base of the low-velocity zone is recovered from short-period P and S waves. An apparent attenuation is also observed for pP from comparisons between the short- and long-period data sets. This correlates with the local surface structure of Puget Sound and yields an effective Q of approximately 65 for the crust and upper mantle.
Corvallis, Oregon, crustal and upper mantle receiver structure from teleseismicPandSwaves
Authors: Langston Charles A. 
Published: September 2021

abstractStructure under Corvallis, Oregon, was examined using long-period Ps and Sp conversions and P reverberations from teleseismic events as recorded at the WWSSN station COR. A distinct low-velocity zone in the uppermost mantle is inferred by modeling these phases in the time domain using a data set composed of six deep and intermediate-depth earthquakes. The lower boundary occurs at 45-km depth and has S and P velocity contrasts of 1.3 and 1.4 km/sec, respectively. The material comprising the low-velocity zone has a Poisson ratio of at least 0.33 and is constrained by the average P and S travel times determined from the converted phases. The top of the earth model conforms to previously published refraction results.
A method for determination of the lower crustal structure along the San Andreas fault system in central California
Authors: Peake L. G. , Healy J. H. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A method for determining lower crustal structure by comparing residuals of distant events, thereby reducing the effect of near-surface structure on seismic waves, has been tested through a straightforward numerical analysis of teleseismic residuals in central California. The results show a general crustal thinning to the west, with a sharp gradient along the San Andreas fault and a uniform crustal thickness between the San Andreas fault and the Calaveras and Hayward faults.
A mechanical model for the statistics of earthquakes, magnitude, moment, and fault distribution
Authors: Caputo Michele 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A mechanical model is presented to explain the Ishimoto Iida empirical law for earthquake statistics
log n ( M ) = α ¯ - b M
where n(M) dM is the number of earthquakes in the interval of magnitude M, M + dM. The model fits properly the statistics of earthquakes of all of the regions of the world for which exist reliable catalogs of earthquakes (Ranalli, 1974) although the mechanism of the model considered is specifically that of stick slip.
The same model explains the empirical law for the statistics of the seismic moment Mo
log n o ( M o ) = α ¯ o − b ¯ o log M o
and explains also the scatter of the values in the empirical relation between Mo and M.
Finally if one knows the rate at which the elastic energy is stored in a region of the Earth's crust, and if a catalog of earthquakes of the region is available, this model gives an estimate of the number and size of faults of the region, and also of the maximum magnitude and seismic moment possible in the region.
Near-field motions from a propagating strike-slip fault in an elastic half-space
Authors: Israel Moshe , Kovach Robert L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Near-field displacement, velocity and acceleration ground motion are computed for a buried finite strike-slip fault using generalized multipolar ray theory to study the effects of rupture velocity, rise time of particle displacement, direction of rupture relative to observing station and the presence of the free surface. Computed displacement seismograms demonstrate that the rise time and rupture velocity can be traded off to produce similar wave shapes emphasizing the difficulty of separating the effects of rise time and rupture velocity. On the other hand, synthetic accelerograms exhibit much character as the rise time becomes a small part of the rupture duration, and individual contributions to the acceleration signals such as the P- and S-wave stopping phase can be seen. Near-field synthetic accelerograms hold promise for the study of fault rupture parameters. For the strike-slip model studied, allowance for the presence of a free surface by doubling of the amplitude of infinite space signals seems to be approximately correct even in the case of computed vertical component accelerograms. However, this result is not generally true for the residual static displacements. The known result of the appearance of Rayleigh waves at horizontal distances greater than five times the source depth is confirmed for dislocation sources.
A three-dimensional velocity model of the lithosphere beneath the new Madrid seismic zone
Authors: Mitchell B. J. , Cheng C. C. , Stauder W. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRelative travel-time residuals of teleseismic P waves recorded by the Saint Louis University network vary over a range of about 1.5 sec. The residuals depend on both position within the network and azimuthal direction to the source, the largest positive anomalies occurring at stations situated in the most seismically active region.An inversion of these data using the method of Aki, Christoffersson, and Husebye (1976a) yields a three-dimensional model of velocity variation beneath the network. The most conspicuous feature of the derived model is a roughly cylindrical zone of low velocities at least 5 per cent lower than surrounding regions, which extends from near the surface to depths of 150 km or greater. Although the resolution for this model is poor for the crust, it is quite good for the upper mantle, where the zone of low velocities appears to angle toward the west with increasing depth.
Adequacy of routinely available data for identifying earthquakes of mb ≧ 4.5
Authors: Evernden J. F. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The adequacy of routinely available data for identification of all earthquakes of mb ≧ 4.5 (Evernden, 1975) occurring throughout the world and listed in ISC bulletins for January 1, to June 10, 1972 is investigated. When using an identification criterion based on (1) depth ≧ 50 km when using P data alone, ≧ 30 when using pP — P or S — P data and/or (2) at least one of three long-period phases 8 or more times that of the largest value seen for an explosion, available data successfully identify all except two of the earthquakes studied (other than mixed events), these two being of magnitude 4.5. Only one of these two appears “anomalous” on the basis of available data. “Anomalous” earthquakes in nearly all cases must be the result of inadequate data or analysis and not similarity of spectral source function of these earthquakes and explosions.
Data on amplitudes of long-period S versus mb and depth are given, as well as further analysis of the mixed event problem. It is pointed out that the capability for detection of long-period waves here shown can be increased by half a magnitude by proper processing of presently available data.