bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep adaptive learning for safe and efficient navigation of pedestrian dynamics
Authors: Pugh Nigel , Park Hyoshin , Derjany Pierrot , Liu Dahai , Namilae Sirish 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn efficient and safe evacuation of passengers is important during emergencies. Overcapacity on a route can cause an increased evacuation time. Decision making is essential to optimally guide and distribute pedestrians to multiple routes while ensuring safety. Developing an optimal pedestrian path planning route while considering learning dynamics and uncertainties in the environment generated from pedestrian behaviour is challenging. While previous evacuation planning studies have focused on either simulation of realistic behaviours or simple route planning, the best route decisions with several intermediate decision‐points, especially under real‐time changing environments, have not been considered. This paper develops an optimal navigation model providing more navigation guidance for evacuation emergencies to minimize the total evacuation time while considering the influence of other passengers based on the social‐force model. The integration of the optimal navigation model was ultimately able to reduce the overall evacuation time of multiple scenarios presented with two different overall pedestrian totals. The overall maximum evacuation time savings presented was 10.6%.
Regularised discretisations obtained from first‐kind Fredholm operator equations
Authors: Fikioris George 
Published: March 2021

AbstractJudicious discretisations of certain first‐kind Fredholm operator equations are tantamount to Fredholm infinite‐matrix equations of the second kind. We give detailed explanations for the occurrence of this interesting and useful phenomenon and carefully examine the behaviour of the discretisations, especially with respect to matrix condition numbers. Our main tool is a certain equivalence of the discretisations――within the context of finite matrices―to discretisations of Fredholm operator equations of the second kind.
Messunsicherheit und Minimale Differenz bei Diagnosestellung und Kontrolle des Therapieverlaufs des Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Petersmann Astrid , Nauck Matthias 
Published: March 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIm Alltag einer diabetologischen Praxis werden laboratoriumsmedizinische Untersuchungen sowohl für die Diagnosestellung als auch für die Therapieüberwachung eingesetzt. Nicht immer ist den Nutzern dieser Diagnostik bewusst, dass jedes Ergebnis mit einer Messunsicherheit behaftet ist. Lediglich das Ausmaß der Messunsicherheit kann beeinflusst werden. Die Minimale Differenz beschreibt die Messunsicherheit nachvollziehbar und kann bei der Interpretation des Messwertes direkt auf diesen angewendet werden. Die Minimale Differenz ist besser geeignet als die in der Laborwelt gut etablierte Angabe des Variationskoeffizienten in Prozent, da die Minimale Differenz die Messunsicherheit in der Einheit des Analyten angibt. Laboratorien sowie Hersteller von Geräten, Reagenzien und Software sind gleichermaßen gefordert, diese Information zur Messunsicherheit für die Patientenversorgung leicht und intuitiv zugänglich zu machen.
A comparison between 25-gauge and 22-gauge Franseen needles for endoscopic ultrasound-guided sampling of pancreatic and peripancreatic masses: a randomized non-inferiority study
Authors: Oh Dongwook , Kong Joonseog , Ko Sung Woo , Hong Seung-Mo , So Hoonsub , Hwang Jun Seong , Song Tae Jun , Lee Sung Koo , Kim Myung-Hwan , Lee Sang Soo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and fine-needle biopsy (FNB) are the current standard of care for sampling pancreatic and peripancreatic masses. Recently, a 22G EUS-FNB needle with Franseen geometry was developed, and this device was also introduced in a 25G platform. We compared the performance of the 25G and 22G Franseen needles for EUS-guided sampling of pancreatic and peripancreatic solid masses.
Methods We conducted a parallel-group randomized non-inferiority trial at a tertiary-care center from November 2018 to May 2019. The primary outcome was the quality of the histologic core assessed using the Gerke score. The optimal histologic core is indicated by a Gerke score of 4 or 5, which enables optimal histologic interpretation. The overall diagnostic accuracy and adverse event rate were also evaluated.
Results 140 patients were enrolled and randomized (1:1) to the 25G and 22G groups. Tissue acquisition by EUS-FNB was successful in all patients. The optimal histologic core procurement rate was 87.1 % (61/70) for the 25G needle vs. 97.1 % (68/70) for the 22G; difference −10 % (95 % confidence interval −17.35 % to −2.65 %). High quality specimens were more frequently obtained in the 22G group than in the 25G group (70.0 % [49/70] vs. 28.6 % [20 /70], respectively; P < 0.001). The overall diagnostic accuracy did not differ between the groups (97.4 % for 25G vs. 100 % for 22G).
Conclusions The 25G Franseen needle was inferior to the 22G needle in histologic core procurement. Therefore, for cases in which tissue architecture is pivotal for diagnosis, a 22G needle, which procures relatively higher quality specimens than the 25G needle, should be used.
Mesoscopic protein-rich clusters host the nucleation of mutant p53 amyloid fibrils
Authors: Yang David S. , Saeedi Arash , Davtyan Aram , Fathi Mohsen , Sherman Michael B. , Safari Mohammad S. , Klindziuk Alena , Barton Michelle C. , Varadarajan Navin , Kolomeisky Anatoly B. , Vekilov Peter G. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
The mesoscopic p53-rich clusters that we discover represent a new class of biological condensate, distinct from amorphous and ordered aggregates and the dense liquids found with several physiologically active proteins. The demonstrated two-step mechanism of amyloid fibril nucleation, whereby the clusters host the nucleation of p53 amyloid fibrils, illustrates the potency of recently identified nonclassical nucleation concepts to understand intracellular processes. This finding establishes a new biophysical paradigm for the assembly of numerous ordered functional and pathological biological solids, such as tubules, filaments, sickle cell polymers, amyloids, and crystals.
Designing self-assembling kinetics with differentiable statistical physics models
Authors: Goodrich Carl P. , King Ella M. , Schoenholz Samuel S. , Cubuk Ekin D. , Brenner Michael P. 
Published: March 2021

Significance
Engineering at the nanoscale is rich and complex: researchers have designed small-scale structures ranging from smiley faces to intricate sensors. However, designing specific dynamical features within these structures has proven to be significantly harder than designing the structures themselves. Biology, on the other hand, demonstrates fine-tuned kinetic control at nearly all scales: viruses that form too quickly are rarely infectious, and proper embryonic development depends on the relative rate of tissue growth. Clearly, kinetic features are designable and critical for biological function. We demonstrate a method to control kinetic features of complex systems and apply it to two classic self-assembly systems. Studying and optimizing for kinetic features, rather than static structures, opens the door to a different approach to materials design.
Hybrid electrical and optical neural interfaces
Authors: Ramezani Zeinab , Seo Kyung Jin , Fang Hui 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Neural interfaces bridge the nervous system and the outside world by recording and stimulating neurons. Combining electrical and optical modalities in a single, hybrid neural interface system could lead to complementary and powerful new ways to explore the brain. This convergent approach has gained robust and exciting momentum recently in neuroscience and neural engineering research. Here, we review developments in the past several years aiming to achieve such hybrid electrical and optical microsystem platforms. Specifically, we cover three major categories of technological advances: transparent neuroelectrodes, optical neural fibers with electrodes, and neural probes/grids integrating electrodes and microscale light-emitting diodes. We analyze examples of these probes tailored to combine electrophysiological recording with optical imaging or optical stimulation of the brain and discuss possible directions of future innovation.
Composite metasurface merging frequency selective surface and coding sequences for electromagnetic transmission–diffusion
Authors: Jiang Lixin , Li Yongfeng , Wang He , Zhu Zhibiao , Yuan Qi , Wang Jiafu , Zhang Jieqiu , Qu Shaobo 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We proposed a composite strategy that integrates the mechanism of a frequency selective surface (FSS) and a coding metasurface to achieve low-frequency transmission and high-frequency diffusion, so called electromagnetic (EM) transmission–diffusion integration. A double-layered metasurface consisting of a bandpass FSS and one-bit chessboard coding metasurface is proposed and fabricated for the EM functionality of transmission–diffusion. The numerical and measured results are in good agreement indicating that high-efficiency transmission and diffusion can be simultaneously achieved in the frequency bands of 4.9–6.3 GHz and 10–35 GHz, respectively. Simultaneously, the application of the proposed structure on the curved surface is verified by simulation, and transmission–diffusion performance is also obtained. Encouragingly, the proposed metasurface provides a novel approach for obtaining a wideband transmission window and diffusion within a single metasurface, which may find potential applications in the fields of integrated EM systems and stealthy radomes.
Analysis of a viscoelastic phase separation model
Authors: Brunk Aaron , Dünweg Burkhard , Egger Herbert , Habrich Oliver , Lukáčová-Medvid'ová Mária , Spiller Dominic 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A new model for viscoelastic phase separation is proposed, based on a systematically derived conservative two-fluid model. Dissipative effects are included by phenomenological viscoelastic terms. By construction, the model is consistent with the second law of thermodynamics. We study well-posedness of the model in two space dimensions, i.e., existence of weak solutions, a weak-strong uniqueness principle, and stability with respect to perturbations, which are proven by means of relative energy estimates. Our numerical simulations based on the new viscoelastic phase separation model are in good agreement with physical experiments. Furthermore, a good qualitative agreement with mesoscopic simulations is observed.
Adsorption of atomic hydrogen on monolayer MoS2
Authors: Hu Huimin , Choi Jin-Ho 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The adsorption of atomic hydrogen on monolayer MoS2 has been intensively studied, but the ground-state adsorption configuration remains controversial. In this study, we investigate the adsorption properties of atomic hydrogen on monolayer MoS2 systematically using first-principles density functional theory calculations. We considered all the previously proposed adsorption sites, S-top, bridge, and hollow sites. Among them, S-top is the most energetically preferred, with a tilted S−H bond. Its calculated adsorption energy is −0.72 eV. The next lowest-energy configuration is that the H atom is located at the hollow site; the adsorption energy is slightly higher than the former, by 0.22 eV. The tilting of the S−H bond contributes to the adsorption energy up to −0.29 eV, a factor unrecognized in previous first-principles studies. These results account for the discrepancy in theory. Besides, the effects of spin-polarization also change the relative energetics of possible adsorption configurations.
Broadband controllable acoustic focusing and asymmetric focusing by acoustic metamaterials
Authors: Liao Guangxin , Wang Zhenwei , Luan Congcong , Liu Jiapeng , Yao Xinhua , Fu Jianzhong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The applications of acoustic focusing and acoustic asymmetric focusing (AAF) are severely constrained by the narrow frequency bandwidth. In this paper, we report broad bandwidth acoustic focusing lens and asymmetric acoustic focusing lens consisting of monolayer and dual-layer metamaterials, respectively. Additive manufacturing technology was utilized to fabricate the designed lens. Finite element analysis and experimental approaches are adopted to verify the performances of acoustic focusing and asymmetric acoustic focusing. The results demonstrate that the designed acoustic focusing lens can converge acoustic waves at the frequency from 4717 Hz to 7717 Hz. The excellent AAF effect can be realized at a large frequency range from 4717 Hz to 6717 Hz. The results of measurement are consistent well with the simulated ones. Besides, by changing the separation between the dual-layer metamaterials for the AAF lens, the focusing position can be controlled without changing the metamaterials structure. Our approach may offer an efficient method to design broadband acoustic focusing and AAF devices and promote the important applications in numerous practical fields, including acoustic absorption and noise reducing, acoustic energy harvesting, ultrasonic medicine and multifunctional materials.
Phenomenological studies on

decay *
Authors: Qi Jing-Juan , Wang Zhen-Yang , Zhang Zhu-Feng , Guo Xin-Heng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Within the quasi-two-body decay model, we study the localized CP violation and branching fraction of the four-body decay

when the

and

pair invariant masses are

and

, with the pairs being dominated by the

,

,

,

and

, and

,

,

and

resonances, respectively. When dealing with the dynamical functions of these resonances,

,

,

and

are modeled with the Bugg model, Gounaris-Sakurai function, Flatté formalism and LASS lineshape, respectively, while the others are described by the relativistic Breit-Wigner function. Adopting the end point divergence parameters

and

, our predicted results are

and

, based on the hypothetical

structures for the scalar mesons in the QCD factorization approach. Meanwhile, we calculate the CP violating asymmetries and branching fractions of the two-body decays

and all the individual four-body decays

, respectively. Our theoretical results for the two-body decays

,

,

,

, and

are consistent with the available experimental data, with the remaining predictions await testing in future high precision experiments.
Effect of transcription reinitiation in stochastic gene expression
Authors: Karmakar Rajesh , Das Amit Kumar 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Gene expression (GE) is an inherently random or stochastic or noisy process. The randomness in different steps of GE, e.g., transcription, translation, degradation, etc., leading to cell-to-cell variations in mRNA and protein levels. This variation appears in organisms ranging from microbes to metazoans. Stochastic GE has important consequences for cellular function. The random fluctuations in protein levels produce variability in cellular behavior. It is beneficial in some contexts and harmful to others. These situations include stress response, metabolism, development, cell cycle, circadian rhythms, and aging. Different model studies e.g., constitutive, two-state, etc., reveal that the fluctuations in mRNA and protein levels arise from different steps of GE among which the steps in transcription have the maximum effect. The pulsatile mRNA production through RNAP-II based reinitiation of transcription is an important part of gene transcription. Though, the effect of that process on mRNA and protein levels is very little known. The addition of any biochemical step in the constitutive or two-state process generally decreases the mean and increases the Fano factor. In this study, we have shown that the RNAP-II based reinitiation process in gene transcription can have different effects on both mean and Fano factor at mRNA levels in different model systems. It decreases the mean and Fano factor both at the mRNA levels in the constitutive network whereas in other networks it can simultaneously increase or decrease both quantities or it can have mixed-effect at mRNA levels. We propose that a constitutive network with reinitiation behaves like a product independent negative feedback circuit whereas other networks behave as either product independent positive or negative or mixed feedback circuit.
Evaluation of Health Hazards Due to The Wi-Fi Router On Humans
Authors: Hussein Karar H. , Albderi Suham A. , Hamza Zahra Mousa , Obaid Ali Kadhim , Hussain Hayder H. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the negative effects of Wi-Fi routers in houses on human health. As these devices have become an essential part of daily life, they are widely used for communications and the Internet. No house can do without it. The radiation emitted from these routers causes many symptoms, such as heart diseases, sleep disorders, brain tumors, ear hearing problems, male infertility, etc. This study looked at 15 different symptoms that may be caused by the emitted radiation by the routers. A questionnaire was distributed for a large number of medical doctors working in five major hospitals in the city of Najaf, and another for individuals who have routers in their house and who do not. The results showed that Wi-Fi routers have an effect on human health that does not exceed 30%. Individuals with routers have more symptoms than people without Wi-Fi routers. While females are more affected by routers than others.
Modeling and Performance Assessment of a Millimeter-Wave CVD Film-Graphene Based Antenna
Authors: Gatte Mohammed Taih , Soh Ping Jack , Kadhim Rasim Azeez , Abd H. J. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The transfer of graphene onto dielectric substrates to form an antenna needs to be performed with care, as tears and cracks may appear on the samples transferred improperly. This paper studies a detailed method in estimating the performance of a millimeter-wave (MMW) antenna built using commercially-available graphene layers. In contrast to the widely studied monolayer graphene, the proposed antenna is produced based on the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique, which is to be secured onto the antenna substrate via adhesive material without removal of the transition metal substrate from the graphene layer sample. The antenna performance modeled using this technique indicated quite similar results to a model using ideal monolayer graphene in terms of gain, radiated power and radiation efficiency. Its performance benchmarked against a copper antenna operating at the same MMW frequency also indicated similar performance improvements as with another antenna designed using monolayer graphene.
A modified of FR method to solve unconstrained optimization
Authors: Wasi H. A. , Shiker M. A. K. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There are many methods derived from the conjugate gradient method, the most famous of which is the FR method (Fletcher–Reeves). Most of the methods are found to solve large unconstrained optimization problems. In this paper, we made a modified to the FR method, so that it achieves better numerical results as well as the conditions of global convergence. The numerical experiment showed the efficiency and robustness of the new method.
On d-Small Prime Modules
Authors: Abdul-Alkalik Adwia Jassim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Let R be a commutative ring with an identity, and D be an unitary fi-module. We say a non-zero submodule E of D is d-small prime if for each c ∈ R, d ∈ D, (d) «d
D with cd ∈ E, then either d ∈ E or c ∈ [E: D] and an fi-module D is a d-small prime if annD = annE for each non-zero submodule E d-small in D. We have given and demonstrated some of the characterizations and features of these types of submodules (modules) in this paper.
Manufacturing of Cold Plasma System and Studies Electrical Characteristic
Authors: Shihab Ahmed Mahmoud , Murbat Hamid Hafidh , Abbas Ibrahim Karim 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this research, the non-thermal plasma system is designed with diameter (10 mm) Argon at atmospheric pressure as well as to be suitable for use in medical and biotechnological applications. The electric description of this system was studied. In this paper, a non-pure argon gas plasma system is designed and manufactured that operates at pressure The normal air. Where the electrical description of this system was studied through the use of values Different voltages and different values of how quickly the argon flows. As the results obtained showed the small value of the electric current consumed by the needle system Non-thermal plasma, where it was in the range of several microns of amps, and the value of the electric current increased with the increase in the gas flow, and the results also showed a breakdown of voltages when the voltage used was 5 kilovolts, which caused a slight decrease in the value of the electric current when the gas flow was 4 liters The minute.
Development of multiple computer-based testing system using open source programing model
Authors: Mohammad Naseef Husam , Ahmed Nada Thanoon , Mohialden Yasmin Makki 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The traditional methods of examination process is often characterized by human errors, question leakage and recording of score. In this study, the active application for generating multiple exam modules based on different types of e-exams have been presented. The first user is the instructor who submits the required exam questions based on suitable scores and different evaluation scales. The final user is the student who can find many selected e-exam modules by using PC screen interface. An Immediate scoring system can follow the final score. The used tools in the present system involves a Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Visual Basic 6 language and MySQL correlated with oracle and system implementation. Many types of e-exam are considered such as True & False, answer in one word multiple choices, matching between words in two columns and dragging into the screen. The system has been tested successfully based on multiple e-exam modules. The result of this system observed an efficient examination process due to robust generating and managing tests and less human error in the condition of multi-student with multi-lecturer.
Ideal with Micro Topological Space
Authors: saleh Ekram abd al-kader , Jassim Taha Hmeed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this paper studied *-micID
-sets, *-micIy
-sets, *-micIc
-sets and micI*
D
-sets on micro ideal topological space and specific properties of this inspected us also inspected the idea of R - micI - open sets and discussed the relationships with examples.
HandCrafted: An Online Shopping Website of Handicratfs
Authors: Pal Tannistha , Pandey Sudhanshu Shekhar , Deb Arindam 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Online Shopping Website for Handicraft is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods (which are handmade) or ser-vices from a seller over the Internet. Most of the shopping sites are focusing on electronic gadgets, clothes etc. but no one particularly focusing on the products which is of handmade. Although Tripura is very famous for Hand made products and it supply all over the India, but people are not getting its product because of poor transport facilities. So, this paper focuses on devel-oping a shopping site for upliftment of handmade products of Tripura. So, it will be beneficial for our government, businessmen of Tripura as well as cus-tomers. This paper focuses on developing an website which will be useful to anyone who wants to purchase items using internet even living in small city or villages.
P-(S. P) Submodules and C1(Extending) Modules
Authors: Talak Abdulsalam F. , Abed Majid Mohammed 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this work, we study C1-(extending) module M through the sub-module of M which have two properties namely prime and semi-prime (P. (S. P)). Indeed these properties with another concept like fully invariant of any sub-modules explain the main objective of this study. Also heart submodule of a module M and the socle of M are studied with fully invariant property to obtain the same objective.