bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single Image Super-resolution Reconstruction Based on Enhanced Residual Network
Authors: Liu Chunyu , Qian Wenhua , Xu Dan , Jiang Mengjie , Li Xiaojin 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
High-resolution images present richer detailed information and have stronger information expression capabilities. The increase of the network depth does not guarantee that the reconstructed image has a higher quality, and may cause problems such as overfitting. So this article proposes an enhanced residual network, which can fully extract input low-resolution image features and reconstruct high-resolution images. This paper introduces a deconvolution operation based on the residual module to expand the size of input features, and the connection between different modules promotes feature fusion, obtains more high-frequency details from the input low-resolution image. The objective experimental results show that the proposed method has improved the indicators PSNR and SSIM. In terms of visual effects, it can reconstruct clearer and more detailed images.
Image Processing: Facilitating Retinanet for Detecting Small Objects
Authors: Zhou Zihao , Li Yang , Peng Chenglei , Wang Hanrong , Du Sidan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Detecting small objects is a challenging task in object detection due to low spatial resolution and interference by background. Specifically, one-stage detectors struggle with small objects for they generate worse candidate bounding boxes. In this paper, several modifications are made to the original Retinanet to tackle the problem. Dilated convolutional layers are added to the backbone to get fined-grained features along with semantic information. The gradient of loss function is increased near the origin to enhance the quality of candidate boxes for small objects. A novel feature fusion method is also proposed to directly guide low-level features with semantic information. Significant improvement of 5.1 mAP can be seen when evaluating on MOCOD small object dataset, which contains a large amount of small objects. Our method can be easily migrated to other backbone networks with feature pyramids for detecting small objects.
Sparse Group Regression Classification for Face Recognition
Authors: Zheng Chengyong , Luo Zhiyu 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Face recognition has been widely used in biometric verification which is a significant issue in system control in computer based communication. Sparse regression classification (SRC) has been an important method for face recognition. SRC assumes its regression coefficients are globally sparse. However, these regression coefficients correspond to a class-specific gallery may be locally dense. In order to get some regression coefficients that are globally sparse and locally dense, sparse group regression (SGR) is introduced in this paper for face recognition. By use of SGR, we expect to get some regression coefficients which are not only sparse as a whole, but also locally dense in some part. Variable splitting and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) are used for solving the problem of SGR. The proposed algorithm, named Sparse Group Regression Classification (SGRC), is extensively evaluated on four standard databases. A comparative study with some state-of-the-art algorithms reflects the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Dynamic Beam Tracking for Mobile Users
Authors: Wu Sai , Ma Baojuan , Sun Zhongkai , Sun Juanjuan , Shao Weiping , Zheng Weijun 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In wireless network planning, large-scale MIMO can be applied to beam forming technology, which can ensure the continuous signal of user receiver without interruption. When the user moves, beamforming technology requires beamswitching to reposition the user, which increases unnecessary overhead. In this paper, the user azimuth beam tracking algorithm based on Kalman filtering decomposed the user’s trajectory in the actual scene, and used Kalman filtering algorithm to track the decomposed user’s trajectory, so that the beam can be adjusted to point to the user in real time. Through experimental verification, Kalman filtering is relatively accurate in predicting the position of mobile users relative to the Angle information of base station, and the predicted beam can ensure the stability of users’ connection, and at the same time achieve the purpose of reducing the number of beam-to-beam switching, reducing the overhead, improving the beam tracking efficiency, and making the connection more stable.
Propagation of Optical Dark Solitons in Metamaterials
Authors: Yang Fan , Xue Yanling 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the interaction between the formation of a single dark soliton and a pair of fundamental-order dark solitons. Based on the nonlinear Schrodinger’s equation combined with the lossless Drude model, the impacts of the nonlinearity, group velocity dispersion, third-order dispersion, and the self-steepening on the propagation of a dark soliton under the normal dispersion are studied using the distributed Fourier method. By selecting the ratio of group velocity dispersion length and the nonlinear length, the conditions for the stable transmission of dark solitons in metamaterials are obtained. On this basis, this paper also studies the interaction of a pair of fundamental-order dark soliton under the different conditions of the same amplitude with the same phase, the same amplitude with different phases, and different amplitudes with the same phase. In this paper, it is shown that the fundamental-order dark soliton pairs exhibit different characteristics of the interaction under the different conditions.
Design and Research of Large Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Picker
Authors: Yang Dengjie , Jiang Lihua 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In view of the different growth patterns of ginkgo branches and the need to avoid injury to Ginkgo branches when picking ginkgo leaves, this design provides a kind of ginkgo leaf picking machine that can carry out large-scale mechanized picking in the ginkgo leaf planting area and improve ginkgo leaf picking efficiency. The picker puts the picking mechanism in the front of the tractor, which is driven by the tractor. The power needed for the picking mechanism to rotate is provided by the tractor. The picking mechanism contains the storage mechanism of ginkgo leaves in order to achieve harvesting and gathering. Mechanization of ginkgo leaf picking, the picking efficiency of ginkgo biloba leaves was improved to a greater extent.
Structural characteristics of polysaccharide microcapsules from Nostoc commune, and their applications in skin wound healing and pathological repair
Authors: Wang Yonggang , Wang Chenliang , Dang Jing , Xue Hongyan , Wang Xinjian , Jin Yongming , Yang Mingjun , Leng Feifan , Zhang Baigang 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this study, the extraction conditions of Nostoc commune Vauch polysaccharide (NCVP) were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments. Then, the NCVP microcapsules (NCVPM) were prepared. After analyzing the microcapsule structural and thermal characteristics, the skin wound healing ability was studied by establishing back trauma rat models. Results showed that the NCVP yield was 10.37% under the following optimum conditions: 210 min extraction time, solid–liquid ratio of 1:50 and extraction temperature of 90 °C. The overall performance of the microcapsule was the best when the concentration of sodium alginate, calcium chloride and chitosan was 2%, 3% and 0.3%, respectively. NCVPM had spherical morphology, typical microcapsule structural characteristics and good thermal stability, and NCVP was dispersed in the microcapsules. NCVPM showed good biocompatibility and biodegradability, which met the requirements for slow-release polymer materials. After 14 days of treatment, the wound healing rate was 92.4%, the cells were arranged neatly and regularly, the cell nucleus became large and elliptical, the cell had a tendency to divide, and the fibers and microvessel were significantly more. By evaluating the mechanism, NCVPM could increase the content of hydroxyproline and glutathione to protect cells from oxidative damage, leading in turn to accelerated wound healing and shorter wound healing times. It could also accelerate cell division, collagen and microvascular production by increasing transcription levels of vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA and miRNA-21.
Global anthropogenic and natural nutrient fluxes: from local to planetary assessments
Authors: Malagó Anna , Bouraoui Fayçal 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Nutrients are recognized as one of the nine planetary boundaries, which could increase risks of unacceptable global environmental changes. In this study we developed a recent and complete high-resolution nutrient flows compilation that can be used for assessing global nutrient annual fluxes from land to sea. It consists of annual nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fluxes with spatial resolution of five arc-minutes (about 10 × 10 km at the equator) centered on year 2005, assessing potential nutrient delivery to rivers, lakes and oceans. The dataset includes: nutrient inputs in agricultural areas (mineral and organic fertilization, nitrogen fixation), crop/fodder/grass harvest, nutrient inputs by domestic and industrial activities (i.e. wastewater treatment plants, industries, and phosphorus from detergents), nutrients from built-areas, nitrogen atmospheric deposition, N and P transported via erosion, and phosphorus release by weathering. The dataset was compared with other studies, was analyzed at different spatial scales showing the main environmental hotspots, and finally a qualitative uncertainty analysis was performed. The results showed that nitrogen surplus was the largest contributor to the potential losses on all continents, while for phosphorus the major contributors included the surplus, erosion and inputs from human wastewater. Hotspots were identified mainly in China and India. Rates exceeding 100 kg ha−1 of N were observed locally in Europe, Egypt and North America coinciding with intensive agriculture practices. We also showed that N and P transported via erosion, domestic and industrial nutrient emissions, as well as manure resulted in the most uncertain fluxes.
PROXIMATE AND SENSORY EVALUATION OF PEANUT CAKES FORTIFIED WITH MORINGA OLEIFERA LEAF POWDER
Authors: Ademosun O.T. , Ajanaku C.O. , Oloyede M.O. , Owolabi A.O , Ajayi S.O , Jonathan H.O , Ajanaku K.O 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The high-calorie ingredients used in the production of cakes has made older age group to desist from eating cakes because of the detrimental effects in the human body. A substitution approach using moringa leaf powder in peanut cake to address this effect was utilized. The moringa leaf powder was added in succession of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 w/w% to fortify peanut cakes. Standard methods were used to assess the proximate analysis and sensory evaluation of the blends. The proximate analysis showed an increased protein (13.83 -16.68%), fat (0.86 – 4.55%) and crude fibre (1.24 – 2.23%) contents with increased addition of moringa leaf powder; while there was an observed decrease in the carbohydrate content. Among the fortified samples, the cake blend with 2% moringa leaf powder addition was the most preferred in its quality index of taste, touch, mouthfeel, look and colour. In conclusion, based on the analyzed nutritional indices, fortification of cakes with moringa leaf powder will enhance protein and crude fibre contents as it brings down the carbohydrate content in cakes.
Path Profile and Coverage Statistics of Selected Radio Stations for Microwave Propagation Design over a Tropical Location
Authors: Ayodeji Ashidi , Oludamilola Osiname 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pathloss prediction is important for planning terrestrial radio communication at microwave frequencies. This necessitates the continuous evaluation of signal field strength dependence on path and channelcharacteristics. In this study, drive test analysis of received signal strength (RSS) from selected frequency modulated (FM) radio signals across different routes withinOndo State, Nigeria, was carried out. Signal strength distribution and coverage area statistics were evaluated for each channel on each route. The signals were measured from both high and low power transmitters using DBC BC 1173 digital signal level meter. Also, terrain elevations and location coordinates were measured using Garmin GPS 72 Personal Navigator. Location-specific pathloss model was developed for each transmitting station and their performance was evaluated against existing models. Dependence of signal strength on distance from the transmitter and path elevation was established following a least R2 value of 0.67 being returned from the comparative analysis between developed and existing models. This also indicates thatthe developed model is suitable for pathloss prediction within the location.
Alternative Feed Resources in Aquaculture: The Role of Underutilized Plants – A Review
Authors: Olasunkanmi J.B. , Julius O.T. , Babalola T.O. , Jimoh J.O. , Ariyomo T.O. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Feed plays an important role in the development and sustainability of the aquaculture industry. Feedstuffs are either of plant or animal origins. Some plants despite their potentials are underutilized in fish feed industry. The cost effectiveness, availability and sustainability potentials of these plants coupled with their nutritional composition make them fit to compete favourably well with the commonly utilized plants. Leaves and seeds of plants such as Moringaoleifera, Gliricidiasepium, Leucaenaleucocephala, alfalfa, sweet potato, velvet bean, cucumber, squash, broad bean, papaya, azolla, water hyacinth, duckweeds, etc. have been discovered to possess the requirements needed for use as a feedstuff in the fish feed industry. This paper therefore reviewed extensively; the potential use of various plant products as ingredients in fish feed industry.
First report on Basidiomycota fungi in sorghum and millet from Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Olopade B.K. , Oranusi S.U. , Nwinyi O.C. , Taiwo O.S. , Fru F.F. , Njobeh P.B. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Trametes species are mushroom fungi with several biotechnological applications. This includes decolourisation of wastewater from olive mill and elimination of endocrine-disrupting hormones. This study reports the presence of two Trametesspecies, namely Trametespolyzona and Trametesvillosa from the phylumBasidiomycota in sorghum and milletvended inSouthwest Nigeria. These fungal isolates were identified culturally and further identified through phylogenetic characterisation. Trametessp occurred in 10% of sorghum samples and 20% of millet samples. The two species were morphologically similar but distantly related phylogenetically. Most fungal species present in cereal crops belong to the division Ascomycota. However, two Trametesspecies belonging to division Basidiomycota are being reported for the first time in cereal crops. Trametessp can be harnessed for their health benefits such as the treatment of cancer and the reduction of viral activity in humans.
Fermentation rate monitoring in the production of African protein based condiments
Authors: Ojewumi M. E. , Omoleye J.A. , Ajayi A.A. , Ekanem G.P. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Fermented African locust bean seeds can be used as substitute to chemically based food spices. It improves sensory properties of foods which includes the organoleptic characteristics. P. biglobosa (African locust bean) seeds were processed and fermented to a vegetable protein based African condiment known as ‘Iru’. Fermentation process was carried out at four different temperatures which are 40, 50, 60 and 70°C. The monitoring of the fermentation rate was based on three parameters namely: Carbon dioxide production, pH and reduction in substrate weight. Substrates were inoculated with Bacillus subtilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae as starter culture while fermentation process took place for the duration of five days under anaerobic condition. The result obtained from the pH of fermented seeds confirmed the fermentation process to be alkaline in nature.
Pectinase Production by Aspergillus niger using Pineapple Peel Pectin and Its Application in Coconut Oil Extraction
Authors: Ajayi A. A. , Lawal B. , Salubi A. E. , Onibokun A. E. , Oniha M. I. , Ajayi O. M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Pectinases, like other industrial enzymes are usually expensive. The use of pineapple peel pectin as substrate is triggered by the large tones of pineapple waste generated in Nigeria. Oil extraction by mechanical/chemical means have associated disadvantages. This research aimed at employing locally produced pectinase for coconut-oil extraction and to compare the yield with commercial pectinase. Fifty grammes of dried pineapple peel powder were employed for pectin production. Aspergillus niger isolated from cassava meal was employed to produce pectinase using submerged fermentation for seven days. The activity of pectinase was determined at 24 h interval. The pectinase was partially purified using 3% activated carbon, characterized and employed to extract oil from coconut. The yield of pectin from the pineapple peels was 24.8% after 1 h of extraction time. Highest pectinase activity was observed on day five. Optimum conditions were 40°C, 5.0 and 1% respectively for temperature, pH and substrate concentration. The enzyme was completely inactive after 5 min of heating at 90°C and metal ion (Mg2+) stimulated its activity. The mean oil yield from the locally produced pectinase was greater than the commercial pectinase. The pectinase produced from this study enhanced coconut-oil extraction when compared with the mechanical method.
Performance of Clarias gariepinus fed plantain peel meal as replacement for maize
Authors: Olasunkanmi J.B. , Babalola T.O. , Jimoh J.O. , Omisanmi O.V. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
High cost of feeds is a major problem to fish farming in Nigeria. In this study, the growth performance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed graded levels of plantain peels (PPM) as a replacement for maize was investigated. Five diets were formulated and maize meal replaced at 0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 % in PPMD1, PPMD2, PPMD3, PPMD4 and PPMD5 respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 56 days. Data collected were subjected to one-way ANOVA test. Results showed that fish on control diet (PPMD1) were significantly (p > 0.05) highest in weight gain(7.34 ± 0.09g)while the least weight gain was recorded among PPMD5 fish. Similar trend was observed in specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER). Packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (HB), Red blood cell (RBC), Mean corpuscular haemoglobin cell (MCHC), and Lymphocytes (20.67 ± 0.33, 7.77 ± 0.03, 1.80 ± 0.06, 35.57 ± 0.47, and 84.00 ± 0.58 respectively) were significantly highest (p<0.05) in PPMD4. MCV was highest in PPMD1 and lowest in PPMD4. MCH was significantly higher (p<0.05) in PPMD1 and lowest in PPMD3. White blood cells (WBC) was significantly highest (p<0.05) in PPMD3 and Neutrophils was significantly highest (p<0.05) in PPMD5. It was concluded that PPM compares favorably with maize and an optimum inclusion level 25% (PPMD2).
Evaluation of proximate and anti-nutritional composition of six different accessions of vigna subterranea (l.) verdc.
Authors: Yekeen M. O. , Shaib-Rahim H. O. , Omogbehin S. A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract

Vigna subterranea L. Verdcis an annual seed crop widely favoured by resource-limited rural farmersin sub-Saharan Africa. The fresh seeds can be consumed raw or cooked or utilized to make different delicacies. The study evaluatedthenutritional and anti-nutritional content of seeds of sixdifferent accessions of V. subterraneato obtain information on their potential suitability as an alternative source of protein for humans and livestock. Seeds of each accession were ground to fine powder, sieved and labelled separately. Three replicates of each were then analysed for both proximate and anti-nutritional factors using standard methods. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The result showed that the sixaccessions are rich in protein (19.43±0.07%), crude fibre(4.38±0.23 %) and carbohydrate (55.59±2.52%) but also contained asubstantial amount of anti-nutritional factors such as oxalate (4.63±0.14 mg/g) and phytic acid (4.51±0.03 mg/g). TVSu 352, an accession originating from theUSA, had the highest protein (20.11%), high nitrogen-free extract (53.24%) and lowest fat (4.60%) content making it the most nutritious among the accessions studied, though it also contained the highest tannin (4.60 mg/g) level. TVSu 277 exhibited thelowest crude protein (18.91 %), lowest crude fibre (3.28 %), highest carbohydrate (57.43 %) and highest nitrogen-free extract (54.15 %). These showed that the accessions are quite rich, and exhibited diversity, in both proximate and anti-nutritional characteristics. It can be concluded that TVSu 352 is the most-nutritious among the accessions studied and can, therefore, be recommended for consumption or industrial utilization and widespread cultivation but further study is required to unravel its yield stability and resistance status. It can also be inferred that with adequate processing, the seeds of V. subterranea will be a good substitute for cowpea as an alternative source of protein in both humans and livestock because they are very rich in nutritional compounds.
Bioremediation of heavy metals from pharmaceutical industry sewages using bimetallic nanoparticles of Eichorniacrassipes
Authors: Adewoye S.O. , Adenigba V.O. , Adewoye A.O. , Adagunodo T.A. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Biosorption remains one of the most productive and safe technologies that could be received particularly with green algae as biosorbent in the ejection of heavy metals from the effluent. Bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized from Eichorniacrassipies utilizing the mix of both gold chloride and silver nitrate (3:1). Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were used in the evaluation of the Nanoparticles. The bimetallic nanoparticles wereutilized as a biosorbent for particular heavy metals (lead, zinc, copper and manganese) present in a pharmaceutical effluent. The nanoparticles were brought into the effluent at various concentrations (1mg, 5mg and 10mg) and time intervals of 24h, 48h and 72h. The decrease in concentration of each metal was determined utilizing Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The synthesis of NPs was affirmed by colour change in the blend from light green to lilac after 5min of incubation. The UV-visible spectroscopy adsorption spectrum for bimetallic nanoparticles of E.crassipes (EC-AuAgNPs) was at 398nm while SEM micrograph shown spherical and cube shaped particles with size ranging from 0.31nm- 1.077nm. The FTIR absorbance peaks were available at 3263.93 (O-H), 2107.11 (-C≡C-), 1631.16 (C═C), 1338 (C-N), and 1034.96 cm−1 (C-O). The most extreme rate decrease acquired for each metal was; Copper (67.25%, 10 mg at 72 h); Zinc (61.13%, 1mg at 72 h); Lead (93.37%, 1 mg at 72 h) and Manganese (69.26, 10 mg at 72 h).The biosorption of heavy metals by EC-AuAgNPs was contact time dependent for all the metals and biosorbent concentration dependent for only copper and manganese.