bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clerkship Students’ Use of Clinical Reasoning Concepts After a Pre-clinical Reasoning Course
Authors: Kulkarni Shradha A. , Dhaliwal Gurpreet , Teherani Arianne , Connor Denise M. 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Many medical schools have incorporated clinical reasoning (CR) courses into their pre-clinical curricula to address the quality and safety issue of diagnostic error. It is unknown how students use concepts and practices from pre-clinical CR courses once in clerkships.

Objective
We sought to understand how students utilize CR concepts from a pre-clinical course during clerkships and to identify facilitators and barriers to the use of reasoning concepts.

Design
We used structured interviews to gain insight into medical students’ experiences with CR concepts in clerkships.

Participants
We interviewed 16 students who had completed a pre-clinical CR course and subsequently completed a neurology, internal medicine, or pediatrics clerkship.

Approach
We used constructivist grounded theory to perform a qualitative analysis and to develop a theoretical model to describe findings.

Key Results
Insights fell into three main areas: (1) CR concept carryover, representing concepts taught in the CR course, such as problem representation, illness scripts, schema, and prioritized differential diagnosis, which were utilized in clerkships; (2) CR concept reinforcers, which included the clerkship setting and supervising physicians who emphasized and provided feedback on CR; and (3) CR concept diminishers, which included time constraints and supervisors who were unfamiliar with or did not reinforce CR concepts.

Conclusions
Concepts taught in a pre-clinical CR course influenced how students prepared for and navigated clinical encounters. Contextual factors both enhanced and inhibited the utilization of CR concepts. Our findings align with social learning theories including social cognitive theory and ecological psychology. This contextual view—taking into account interactions between personal, social, and environmental factors—can help educators integrate CR education from the classroom to the clinical setting.
Laser speckle contrast imaging with principal component and entropy analysis: a novel approach for depth-independent blood flow assessment
Authors: Surkov Yu. , Timoshina P. , Serebryakova I. , Stavtcev D. , Kozlov I. , Piavchenko G. , Meglinski I. , Konovalov A. , Telyshev D. , Kuznetcov S. , Genina E. , Tuchin V. 
Published: January 2025

AbstractCurrent study presents an advanced method for improving the visualization of subsurface blood vessels using laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), enhanced through principal component analysis (PCA) filtering. By combining LSCI and laser speckle entropy imaging with PCA filtering, the method effectively separates static and dynamic components of the speckle signal, significantly improving the accuracy of blood flow assessments, even in the presence of static scattering layers located above and below the vessel. Experiments conducted on optical phantoms, with the vessel depths ranging from 0.6 to 2 mm, and in vivo studies on a laboratory mouse ear demonstrate substantial improvements in image contrast and resolution. The method’s sensitivity to blood flow velocity within the physiologic range (0.98–19.66 mm/s) is significantly enhanced, while its sensitivity to vessel depth is minimized. These results highlight the method’s ability to assess blood flow velocity independently of vessel depth, overcoming a major limitation of conventional LSCI techniques. The proposed approach holds great potential for non-invasive biomedical imaging, offering improved diagnostic accuracy and contrast in vascular imaging. These findings may be particularly valuable for advancing the use of LSCI in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research, where high precision in blood flow monitoring is essential.
Graphical Abstract
Pseudogene Lamr1-ps1 Aggravates Early Spatial Learning Memory Deficits in Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mice
Authors: Wu Zhuoze , Liu Xiaojie , Wang Yuntai , Zeng Zimeng , Chen Wei , Li Hao 
Published: January 2025

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder with complex etiologies, manifests through a cascade of pathological changes before clinical symptoms become apparent. Among these early changes, alterations in the expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have emerged as pivotal events. In this study, we focused on the aberrant expression of ncRNAs and revealed that Lamr1-ps1, a pseudogene of the laminin receptor, significantly exacerbates early spatial learning and memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Through a combination of bioinformatics prediction and experimental validation, we identified the miR-29c/Bace1 pathway as a potential regulatory mechanism by which Lamr1-ps1 influences AD pathology. Importantly, augmenting the miR-29c-3p levels in mice ameliorated memory deficits, underscoring the therapeutic potential of targeting miR-29c-3p in early AD intervention. This study not only provides new insights into the role of pseudogenes in AD but also consolidates a foundational basis for considering miR-29c as a viable therapeutic target, offering a novel avenue for AD research and treatment strategies.
Global, regional, and national trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus burden among adolescents and young adults aged 10–24 years from 1990 to 2021: a trend analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Authors: Xu Si-Te , Sun Mu , Xiang Yu 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses an escalating public health challenge among adolescents and young adults worldwide. Despite the rising incidence, comprehensive data on the burden and trends of T2DM in this demographic remain scarce. This study aims to evaluate the burden of T2DM among individuals aged 10–24 years globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.

Methods
Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we assessed incidence rates, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) for T2DM in the specified age group. Analyses accounted for variations by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Joinpoint regression analysis identified years of significant trend shifts.

Results
The global incidence of T2DM among adolescents and young adults rose from 56.02 per 100,000 (95% UI 43.03–72.32) in 1990 to 123.86 per 100,000 (95% UI 100.43–149.79) in 2021, reflecting an AAPC of 3.01 (95% CI 2.78–3.23). Notable increases were recorded in 1995, 2002, and 2009, with joinpoints indicating significant trend stabilization post-2010 for prevalence and DALYs. The largest relative incidence increase was observed in the 15–19 age group [AAPC 2.97 (95% CI 2.71–3.24)]. Although T2DM mortality was 2.4 times higher in the 15–19 age group compared to the 20–24 age group, the latter exhibited a significantly higher overall mortality rate. Regionally, Oceania recorded the highest incidence rates in 2021, while North Africa and the Middle East showed the greatest AAPCs. High-SDI countries experienced the most substantial increase in T2DM burden, with males comprising 54.8% of cases.

Conclusions
From 1990 to 2021, the global burden of T2DM among adolescents and young adults has markedly increased, underscoring the necessity for targeted, region-specific interventions to address this issue. The observed demographic disparities in mortality rates necessitate the implementation of age-specific strategies. Furthermore, the emergent trends in T2DM indicators warrant urgent attention to mitigate the rising burden in this vulnerable population.

Graphical abstract
(No) Need to Apply Agile?
Authors: Huck-Fries Veronika , Spitzer Rosa , Thatcher Jason , Krcmar Helmut 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The continued popularity of agile information systems development (ISD) underscores its relevance to both researchers and practitioners. At the heart of the agile manifesto is the claim to value people over processes and, as a result, to increase employee job satisfaction. However, the research landscape on this topic is still heterogeneous and lacks a comprehensive overview. This manuscript develops a theoretical framework to guide future studies on job satisfaction in agile ISD. First, the status quo of job satisfaction in agile ISD within information systems and across the disciplines of computer science, psychology, and management is systematically reviewed and critically evaluated. Second, a theoretical framework consisting of three key themes is conceptualized. Third, based on the framework, significant research gaps are identified, and recommendations for future studies of agile ISD at the individual, team, and organizational levels are provided. Finally, strategic directions for the application of agile ISD practices are given.
Identification of biomarkers for chronic lymphocytic leukemia risk: a proteome-wide Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jin Changyu , Lu Zehong , Chen Yuzhan , Hu Huijie , Zhou Miao , Zhang Yanli , Ouyang Guifang , Li Tongyu , Sheng Lixia 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Background
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common hematologic malignancy. Although previous research has explored associations between plasma proteins and CLL, the causal relationships remain unclear. This study used Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal relationship between 7156 plasma proteins and CLL risk.

Methods
A two-sample MR analysis assessed the impact of specific plasma proteins on CLL risk, using data from the Finngen Proteomics project (analyzing 828 participants) and the UK Biobank. Additional analyses included colocalization, phenomenon-wide MR, and protein–protein interaction networks.

Results
The study identified nine plasma proteins significantly associated with CLL risk. Increased levels of Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase E (PPIE) (OR = 1.66, 95% CI 1.22–2.27, P = 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of developing CLL, whereas Protein O-Mannosyltransferase 2 (POMGNT2) (OR = 0.62, 95% CI 0.41–0.91, P = 0.017) and C–C Motif Chemokine Ligand 14(CCL14) (OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.67–0.94, P = 0.010) were associated with a reduced risk of CLL. Colocalization analysis suggested that PPIE may share pathogenic variants with CLL (PP.H4 = 0.758). Phenomenon-wide MR analysis of PPIE also indicated associations with other clinical features, including rheumatic diseases and type 2 diabetes. Protein–protein interaction and drug-gene interaction analyses highlighted CDC5L and SNW1 as potential therapeutic targets.

Conclusion
This study identifies nine plasma proteins linked to CLL risk, with PPIE offering new insights into the disease's pathogenesis. Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore their potential as therapeutic targets.
The effect of age on ankle versus hip proprioceptive contribution in balance recovery: application of vibratory stimulation for altering proprioceptive performance
Authors: Asghari Mehran , Elali Karam , Toosizadeh Nima 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
While tripping is the leading cause of injurious falls in older adults, the influence of ankle and hip proprioceptive information in balance recovery among older adults is still not clearly understood. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of ankle vs. hip proprioceptive information by altering muscle spindle performance using vibratory stimulation among older adults and healthy young control participants. Two groups of young (n =  20, age =  22.2 ± 3.1 years) and older adult (n  =  33, age = 74.0 ± 3.8 years) participants were recruited and went through treadmill perturbation (sudden backward treadmill movement mimicking a trip), while they were equipped with vibratory devices (no vibration, and 40 and 80 Hz) on either ankle or hip muscles. Kinematics of the recovery were measures using motion sensors on lower extremities and the trunk. Results showed that vibratory stimulation on ankle significantly influenced balance recovery response (i.e., increased reaction time by 18% and increased recovery step length by 21%) among healthy young control, while it showed no effect when placed on hip muscles. On the other hand, while vibratory stimulation on ankle showed no effect on balance recovery among older adults, it significantly influenced balance recovery when applied to the hip muscles (i.e., increased reaction time by 12% and increased recovery step length by 10%). Current findings suggest that the role of ankle vs. hip proprioceptive information in balance recovery may change by aging. Findings may potentially be used for targeting the appropriate location for balance interventions and reducing the fall risk in older adults.
Adenovirus nephritis in adult kidney allograft recipients: a systematic review of literature
Authors: Kiran Pothumarthy Venkata Swathi , Gupta Nitin , Prabhu Attur Ravindra , Sebastian Anjely , Boodman Carl , Kumar Tirlangi Praveen 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Background
Adenovirus nephritis is an increasingly recognized complication in adult kidney transplant recipients, characterized by its diverse clinical presentations and diagnostic challenges. This systematic review summarises the clinical profiles and outcomes of adenoviral nephritis in kidney allograft recipients.

Methods
We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies (case reports or series) with individual patient data on adult kidney transplant recipients with confirmed or presumptive adenoviral nephritis up to October 2, 2024. Clinical profile, treatment and outcome data with adenoviral nephritis were collected and summarised for all patients. We compared features of early and late adenoviral nephritis (diagnosis before and after 90 days post-transplantation).

Results
Thirty-nine studies met inclusion criteria, involving 57 patients with a mean age of 45.7 years and a male predominance. The median time to infection post-transplant was 168 days. The most common symptoms were fever (68.5%), dysuria (49%) and diarrhoea (21%). Early adenoviral infection was more common in cadaveric graft recipients. Fever and gross haematuria were more common in late adenoviral infections. Biopsies showed interstitial nephritis (100%), with some having acute tubular necrosis (53%). Granulomas were seen in 61.2%. Glomeruli and peritubular capillaries were not affected in any of the biopsies. Reversible graft dysfunction was observed in 75% of cases, while mortality was noted in three patients.

Conclusion
Adenoviral nephritis is associated with diverse clinical manifestations with differing chronology post-transplantation. Graft dysfunction is associated with reversible interstitial nephritis. Further research is necessary to improve outcomes.
Effect of residual carbon on crystallization and solidification behavior of coal gasification coarse slag
Authors: Meng Ze , Xu Rongsheng , Feng Qian , Lin Xiongchao , Li Mei 
Published: January 2025

AbstractThis work investigates the influence of carbon residue on the crystallization and solidification behavior of slag at different temperatures and cooling methods as it has a significant impact on the flow and discharge of slag, as well as the proper functioning of gasification equipment. The experimental approach involves the utilization of various techniques, namely ash fusion temperature (AFT) tests, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis (DSC), and K-value semiquantitative analysis. The results obtained from ash fusion temperature (AFT) tests indicate that the coarse slag exhibits a relatively higher flow temperature compared to the decarburized coarse slag. XRD analysis reveals the presence of diffraction peaks corresponding to Fe and Fe3Si when residue carbon is present in the slag. In contrast, no such peaks are observed in the decarburized coarse slag subjected to the same temperature and cooling mode. This implying that the carbothermal reaction affects the slag's crystallization behavior, consequently influencing the flow temperature in the presence of residual carbon. SEM analysis illustrates that the spheroidization phenomenon is obvious when there is residual carbon in the coarse slag, but there is no spheroidization phenomenon in the decarburized coarse slag. This shows that the surface tension of slag is affected by the presence of residual carbon. Furthermore, DSC results confirm the crystallization transformation and mineral decomposition of the slag at high temperatures. For both carbon-containing slag and decarburized coarse slag, the content of crystals obtained under quenching condition is obviously lower than that under natural cooling condition.
The impact of the digital economy on sustainable development in the face of geopolitical risks
Authors: Mohammedi Walid , Mgadmi Nidhal , Abidi Ameni , Moussa Wajdi 
Published: January 2025

AbstractOur study focuses on analyzing the impact of the digital economy on sustainable development, taking current geopolitical risks (GPR) in seventeen developed and thirteen developing countries over the period 1990–2022. We found a lack of scientific work addressing our original issue. To address this scarcity, we synthesized previous research on the contribution of the digital economy to sustainable development, the influence of geopolitical factors on this development, and the repercussions of the digital economy on socio-economic development during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis based on Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and the Human Development Index (HDI) as two proxies for sustainable development, using macroeconomic indicators, various measures of the digital economy, and a global geopolitical risk index (GPRI). We adopted the Static and Dynamic Panel methodology, revealing a significantly positive contribution of the digital economy to environmental and socio-economic development in developed countries, as well as a high positive impact in developing countries. However, it is important to note that GPR have had a negative influence on environmental performance and have degraded the Human Development Index of each country. In conclusion, we highlight the strong dependence of environmental performance and socio-economic development on measures of the digital economy and macroeconomic indicators, while emphasizing the importance of mitigating geopolitical risks.
Assessment of ante mortem welfare indicators and the pathophysiology of captive-bolt trauma in equids at slaughter
Authors: Fletcher Katharine A , Padalino Barbara , Felici Martina , Bigi Daniele , Limon-Vega Georgina , Grist Andrew , Gibson Troy J 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
There is limited research into horse slaughter, particularly ante mortem welfare, and the effectiveness of captive-bolt gun (CBG) stunning, despite this being a widely used method worldwide. To address this evidence gap and explore associations between ante and post mortem factors, the welfare of 62 horses was assessed at a commercial Italian abattoir. Animal-based measures were used to identify stress-related behaviours and stunning effectiveness. A sub-sample (44%; 27/62) of heads were assessed for gross brain pathology. All animals in the study showed stress-related behaviours at all stages of the slaughter process. Additionally, 53% (33/62) of horses slipped in the stunning box, with poor floor surface condition and use of force associated with this. At least one sign of an ineffective stun was observed in 22% (14/62) of animals. Six animals were shot twice, with the application of a second shot significantly associated with a higher stress behaviour index score in the stunning box. Damage to critical brainstem structures was found in 85% (23/27) of heads that were assessed with gross pathology. An absence of damage to critical brainstem structures meant that animals were ten times more likely to show signs of ineffective stunning. These results highlight the risks to equine welfare throughout the slaughter process and suggest that mitigating ante mortem stress could improve stunning effectiveness, whilst CBG usage should be refined to ensure that critical brainstem structures are targeted.
Investigation and Analysis of Disaster Preparedness among Nurses in Chinese Non-First-tier (Inland) Cities: A Case Study from Yongcheng City, Henan Province
Authors: Wu Min , Li Xueyan , Wang Yanshen , Xu Li 
Published: January 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Compared with first-tier cities in China that are of abundant funds and resources like legions of high-level hospitals, the degree of nurses’ disaster nursing preparedness in non-first-tier cities (inland) is relatively lower. For example, nurses’ knowledge reserve of specific disasters is not comprehensive enough. And nurses are diffident when it comes to the skills of handling disaster rescue. Furthermore, their understanding of the roles to take in disaster coordination management is ambiguous. Conquering these challenges could be conducive to the improvement of local medical staffs’ confidence and capabilities in disaster relief. Consequently, the objective of this research is to probe for approaches of improving the strategies of disaster nursing in Chinese small cities.

Methods
In order to ascertain the factors that influence disaster preparedness, a cross-sectional study with SPSS 25.0 data analysis method is adopted. The sample of the study is nursing personnel from 4 comprehensive hospitals at or above the second level in Yongcheng, Henan Province, China, as nurses are first-line responders in disasters and pandemics and the largest group in disaster rescue.

Results
From 813 distributed questionnaires, 784 completed questionnaires were returned, for a response rate of 96.43%. The total average score of the Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool is 146.76 ± 34.98, and the average score of all the entries is 3.26 ± 0.45, indicating moderate performance. The results indicate that age affects post disaster management (
P
< 0.05), meaning that as age increases, the scores also tend to be higher. Work experience, professional titles, disaster relief experience, and disaster training significantly differ in terms of knowledge, skills, post disaster management, and total scores (P < 0.01). The result of multivariate analysis indicates that titles, disaster relief experiences, and disaster training are the main factors affecting the disaster preparedness of nurses in Chinese non-first-tier (inland) cities(
P
< 0.05).

Conclusions
For the sake of upgrading the efficiency of disaster nursing preparedness in Chinese non-first-tier (inland) cities with limited funds and resources, it is very important to formulate training and education methods that are suitable for the local area, conduct characteristic simulation exercises, and expand experience exchange between hospitals. It’s certain that the local government will also play an important role in coordinating and organizing the division of labor, resource allocation, and management of hospitals at all levels in different phases of disasters, which can help nursing staff have a clearer understanding of their roles when preparing for disasters.