bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grouping Strategies in Numerosity Estimation between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Grouping Cues
Authors: Pan Yun , Yang Huanyu , Li Mengmeng , Zhang Jian , Cui Lihua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The number of items in an array can be quickly and accurately estimated by dividing the array into subgroups, in a strategy termed “groupitizing.” When attempting to remember a telephone number, it is better to do so by dividing the number into several segments. Different forms of visual grouping can affect the accuracy of the enumeration of a large set of items. Previous studies have found that when groupitizing, enumeration accuracy is improved by grouping arrays using visual proximity and color similarity. Based on Gestalt theory, Palmer (1992) divided perceptual grouping into intrinsic (e.g., proximity, similarity) and extrinsic (e.g., connectedness, common region) principles. Studies have investigated groupitizing effects of intrinsic grouping. However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous study has explored groupitizing effects for extrinsic grouping cues. Therefore, this study explored whether extrinsic grouping cues differed from intrinsic grouping cues for groupitizing effects in numerosity estimation. The results showed that both extrinsic and intrinsic grouping cues improved enumeration accuracy. The extrinsic grouping cues were more accurate in terms of sensory precision of the numerosity estimation than were the intrinsic grouping cues.
Phantom Validation of Polyp Automatic Detection using Microwave Endoscopy for Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Early Detection
Authors: Garrido Alejandra , Sont Roberto , Dghoughi Walid , Marcoval Sergi , Romeu Jordi , Fernández-Esparrach Glòria , Belda Ignasi , Guardiola Marta 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A system to integrate microwave imaging with optical colonoscopy is presented. The overarching goal is to improve the prevention, diagnosis and understanding of one of the main health and economic burdens of an increasingly ageing population that is colorectal cancer. Our system can address the two main challenges of colonoscopy – improve the detection of precancerous lesions called polyps and classify them according to their malignancy – and moves forward a major trend of the field that is automating medical explorations. To do so, a complete imaging system able to emit an alarm when a polyp is detected is designed, manufactured and validated with a realistic colon phantom composed by tissue-mimicking oil-gelatin materials reproducing the anatomy and dielectric properties of a human colon with a polyp. The acquisition is done by a miniaturized ring-shaped switched array of 16 antennas attachable at the tip of a conventional colonoscope. It has been conceived to satisfy endoscopy size restrictions, patient safety and intercompatibility with the current clinical practice. A Modified Monofocusing imaging method preceded by a previous frame average subtraction as calibration technique shows perfect detection of a 10-mm polyp (100% sensitivity and specificity) in the two analyzed trajectories. Results of realistic phantom demonstrate the feasibility of the system in future preclinical trials.
A Test and Evaluation Method for Smart Fully Mechanized Mining Robot Production System
Authors: Xie Jiacheng , Ge Fuxiang , Cui Tao , Wang Xuewen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A test and evaluation method for smart fully mechanized mining robot production system is proposed. Based on the actual operation data of the geology and equipment of a particular working face, the kinematic models between equipment and coal seam are established. The virtual off-line operation system of fully mechanized coal mining face is constructed. The mining situation of virtual operation of working face reproduced and the simulation initial data and virtual scene operation data are determined. The perception operation model is added to the virtual equipment and AI robot analysis system is constructed. Based on sensor error analysis, execution error analysis and other error analysis, the equipment and geological exploration means are input according to the parameters of smart development and operation in the future. The operation evaluation system of fully mechanized coal mining face which considers cutting track, straightness, working space and dynamic coal seam is constructed. The operation of fully mechanized mining robot in the future is simulated, the development trend is determined and the robot operation performance is tested. The related prototype system is developed, and the testing of the overall operation of the working face was improved from the aspects of smart equipment and digital sensing elements. It shows that this method realizes the reappearance of fully mechanized mining operation process based on actual operation data and operation parameters. The current level of smart mining and some local or a small aspect of technological progress on the overall operation of the working face are analyzed and evaluated. The test and evaluation method points out the direction for the development of coal mine robot and smart mining.
Comprehensive Evaluation of Hydrogen Production from Coal Base on AHP&amp; GRA-TOPSIS
Authors: Zhong Shuheng , Yang Kangdi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Coal is the cornerstone of China's energy. However, with the proposed goal of carbon peak and carbon neutral in China, coal enterprises are in urgent need of exploring the path of transformation and development. Coal to hydrogen is an important way to achieve sustainable development of the coal industry.In this paper, four hydrogen production technologies, including coal gasification, coke oven gas, electrolytic water and solar energy, are studied.A comprehensive evaluation model based on GRA-TOPSIS was constructed.Four kinds of hydrogen production technologies are evaluated and analyzed.The research shows that the coke oven gas is the most suitable hydrogen production technology for the transformation and development of coal enterprises.The evaluation model of hydrogen production technology in the transformation and development of coal enterprises constructed in this paper has a certain guiding effect on the technology selection of coal enterprises in the development of hydrogen industry
Identifying Patterns and Motivations of ‘Mega’ Peer-Reviewers
Authors: Rice Danielle , Pham Ba’ , Presseau Justin , Tricco Andrea , Moher David 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background. The demand for peer reviewers is disproportionate to the supply and availability of reviewers. Identifying the factors associated with peer review behaviour can allow for the development of solutions to manage the growing demand for peer reviewers. The objective of this research was to identify factors associated with completing a large number of peer reviews in a given year. Methods. A case-control study design was used to examine factors associated with individuals completing at least 100 peer reviews (‘mega peer reviewers’) from January 2018 to December 2018 as compared to a control group of peer reviewers completing between 1 and 18 peer reviews over the same time period. Data was provided by Publons, which offers a repository of peer reviewer activities in addition to tracking peer reviewer publications and research metrics. A series of independent sample t-tests and chi-square tests were conducted comparing characteristics (e.g., number of publications, number of citations, word count of peer review) of mega peer reviewers to the control group of reviewers. Results. A total of 1596 peer reviewers had data provided by Publons. A total of 396 mega peer reviewers and a random sample of 1200 control group reviewers were included. Both groups were comprised of a greater number of males than females (mega peer reviews = 92.4% male, control reviewers = 70.0% male). Mega peer reviewers demonstrated a significantly greater average number of total publications, citations, receipt of Publons awards, and a higher average h index as compared to the control group of reviewers (all p < .001). Alternatively, the control group had a significantly greater average number of words in their peer reviews (mean = 332.48, standard deviation [SD] = 346.30) as compared to mega peer-reviewers (mean = 272.50, SD = 219.99). Conclusions. There is a sub-set of highly active peer reviewers that complete a large proportion of peer review activities. These individuals demonstrate significantly different characteristics than reviewers completing a more typical number of peer reviews over a one year period. Additional research that considers motivations associated with peer review behaviour should be conducted to help inform peer reviewing activity. Registration. https://osf.io/vxdhf/?view_only=313fd05399664b94bc7a9042aa225be3
Exploring Awareness of Obstetric Fistula in Eastern and Northern Nigeria: Perceived Causes, Symptoms, and Availability of Treatment Services
Authors: Nwala Emmanuel Kelechi , Nwaigwe Charles , Sri Pooja , Warren Charlotte E , Ishaku Salisu , Kongyamba Solomon 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that there are approximately two female genital fistula cases per 1,000 women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa. It is estimated that more than 200,000 women are affected by fistula in Nigeria, primarily due to obstetric causes. This study assessed the awareness of women, men, and caregivers about fistula causes and symptoms, as well as about the availability of and access to services in eastern and northern Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted in Kano and Ebonyi states in northern and eastern Nigeria, respectively. Focus group discussions were conducted with women who were successfully repaired and discharged (n=2) and with community-married men (n=2) and women (n=2). In-depth interviews were conducted with 18 women with fistula who were either awaiting repair or had been repaired; six family member caregivers accompanying fistula patients, and 20 health service providers at fistula repair centers. Results: There was poor knowledge of obstetric fistula and its causes among married men and women in the community, caregivers, and some patients were unaware of what caused their fistula for years. In this study, none of the community men and women nor caregivers correctly identified the causes and symptoms of a fistula or knew where to seek treatment. Knowledge about fistula was more common among women who had undergone repairs. Some repaired women attributed the cause of fistula to the providers who attended to them during delivery. Conclusion: Findings reveal a widespread lack of awareness of obstetric fistula onset and awareness of the availability of repair services at the community level. There is an urgent need to explore multi-pronged strategies for increasing awareness of obstetric fistula and available treatment services among women and other community members.
Main Actors in the New Population Policy With a Growing Trend in Iran: A Stakeholder Analysis
Authors: Jafari Hasan , Pourreza Abolghasem , Kabiri Neda , Khodayari-zarnaq Rahim 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Total fertility rate in Iran has declined to below replacement level recently and a new approach has been taken to tackle this issue. Thus, this study aimed to identify the involved stakeholders and their characteristics in new population policy change in Iran. We employed a qualitative approach using the purposive sampling of key-informants and identification of relevant documents. Main stakeholders were divided into seven key groups: religious, political, governmental, professional, international sectors, media, and nongovernmental organizations. In addition, there was no centralized, clear and comprehensive mechanism to guide the activities of stakeholders to coordinate and bring total fertility rate to the replacement level in Iran. Despite the importance of new population policy in Iran, in recent years, we still experience dispersion and inconsistency among various actors in this area. It is imperative to go through a consensus and coalition at macro level authorities alongside with evidenced based population policy making.
Diagnostic value of Lung Function Test, Chest x-ray, and Pulmonary HR-CT in Detecting Interstitial Lung Disease at the Onset of Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Hoffmann Tobias Jens , Oelzner Peter , Franz Marcus , Teichgräber Ulf , Förster Martin , Böttcher Joachim , Kroegel Claus , Schulze Christian P. , Wolf Gunter , Pfeil Alexander 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a severe pulmonary complication in inflammatory rheumatic diseases (IRD) and associated with a significantly increased morbidity and mortality. Therefore, ILD screening in patients with IRD is essential. The objective of the present study was to determine the diagnostic value of pulmonary function tests (PFT), chest x-ray (CXR), and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest imaging in detecting ILD at the onset of IRD.Methods: The case-control study included 126 patients with new onset of IRD (patients with ILD: N = 63; control group: N = 63). If pathological findings were observed in the screening tests (CXR or reduced carbon monoxide diffusion [DLCO] < 80 %), patients underwent a pulmonary HRCT. In addition, an immunological bronchioalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in the ILD group as reference for the detection of ILD.Results: A reduced DLCO (< 80 %) showed a sensitivity of 83.6 % and specificity of 45.8 % compared to chest x-ray with 64.2 % and 73.6%, respectively, in detecting ILD. The combination of reduced DLCO and CXR revealed a sensitivity of 95.2 % and specificity of 38.7 %. The highest sensitivity (95.2 %) and specificity (77.4 %) was observed for the combination of reduced DLCO, chest x-ray, and pulmonary HRCT.Conclusion: At the beginning of the disease, IRD-patients with ILD show a reduced DLCO which could be a sensitive tool for ILD-screening in IRD at the onset of the disease. Only patients with pathological findings in PFT and chest x-ray should undergo pulmonary HRCT. With this stepwise IRD-associated ILD screening approach, nearly 25 % of HRCT and therefore unnecessary radiation exposure can be avoided.
The Relationship Between Erythrocyte Membrane Fatty Acid Content and Serum Adiponectin Level in Military Personnel, a Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Rostami Hossein , Samadi Mohammad , Sepandi Mojtaba 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Military personnel compared to civilian people are more prone to cardiovascular disease (CVD) however the relationship between dietary fatty acid intake and CVD markers is not well established in them. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary fatty acid intake and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid content as well as serum adiponectin and lipid profile in military personnel.Method: Four hundred military personnel were recruited from the population of army individuals in Iran. The dietary fatty acid intake was determined from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) completed by each military personnel. Fasting blood samples were also obtained from each individual and fatty acids derived from erythrocyte membrane, serum lipid profile and adiponectin levels were measured. The correlation between dietary fatty acid intake and biochemical parameters were analyzed by univariate regression analysis.Results: There was a negative significant association between total saturated fatty acid, lauric, myristic, palmitic acid and a positive association between eicosapentanoic acid and docosahexanoic acid in erythrocyte-membrane with adiponectin level. Moreover, we found that dietary SFA intake had a significant negative correlation with serum adiponectin level. In addition, dietary SFA intake showed a significant positive correlation with serum total cholesterol and LDL-c levels. In contrary, dietary PUFA and MUFA intake revealed a significant inverse association with serum cholesterol level and LDL-c. Conclusion: We concluded that dietary SCFAs might be associated with lower serum adiponectin and higher cholesterol levels, and suggest that CVD risk factor might be suppressed, by reducing dietary SCFA intake.
Assessment of the Ability of CESM1 to Simulate the Atmospheric Teleconnection Excited by the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability in Summer
Authors: Si Dong , Hu Aixue , Jiang Dabang , Lang Xianmei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Observational analysis shows that the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) is a major driver of climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere through a zonal atmospheric teleconnection extending from the North Atlantic Ocean and propagating eastward around the Northern Hemisphere. We studied the fidelity of model simulations in reproducing the observed summer AMV and the associated impacts on the Earth’s climate by analyzing simulations using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Earth System Model Version 1 (CESM1), including CESM1 idealized and time–series pacemaker simulations, CESM1 large ensemble twentieth century uninitialized simulations and large ensemble initialized CESM1 decadal predictions. To further compare the fidelity of CESM1, we also analyzed large ensemble simulations from four other models. Our results suggest that the uninitialized large ensemble simulations from all models can produce an AMV time evolution and its regional climate impacts similar to the observations to certain degree. By initializing the observed oceanic condition in decadal prediction simulations, the simulated AMV and its regional impacts are closer to the observed ones than those in uninitialized ensemble simulations. In addition, the time–series pacemaker simulations that nudged the observed North Atlantic sea surface temperature anomalies produces spatiotemporal characteristics of the AMV and AMV climate impacts closer to the observed ones than the uninitialized simulations. We conclude that although coupled models can reproduce the observed AMV and its regional impacts, proper initialization and bias correction of the sea surface temperature spatial structure can significantly improve this capability. Further improvements in the fidelity of the simulated AMV depend on how to reduce model biases, especially the simulated teleconnections.
Anatomy of unfolding: The site-specific fold stability of Yfh1 measured by 2D NMR
Authors: Puglisi Rita , Karunanithy Gogulan , Hansen Flemming , Pastore Annalisa , Temussi Piero 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Most techniques allow detection of protein unfolding either by following the behaviour of single reporters or as an averaged all-or-none process. We recently added 2D NMR spectroscopy to the well-established techniques able to obtain information on the process of unfolding using resonances of residues in the hydrophobic core of a protein. Here, we questioned whether an analysis of the individual stability curves from each resonance could provide additional site-specific information. We used the Yfh1 protein that has the unique feature to undergo both cold and heat denaturation at temperatures above water freezing at low ionic strength. We show that stability curves inconsistent with the average NMR curve from hydrophobic core residues mainly comprise exposed outliers that do nevertheless provide precious information. By monitoring both cold and heat denaturation of individual residues we gain knowledge on the process of cold denaturation and convincingly demonstrate that the two unfolding processes are intrinsically different.
Second-line chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab after early disease progression during first-line chemotherapy containing bevacizumab for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: yamamoto shun , Nagashima Kengo , Kawakami Takeshi , Mitani Seiichiro , Komoda Masato , Tsuji Yasushi , Izawa Naoki , Kawakami Kentaro , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Makiyama Akitaka , Yamazaki Kentaro , Masuishi Toshiki , Esaki Taito , Nakajima Takako Eguchi , Okuda Hiroyuki , Moriwaki Toshikazu , Boku Narikazu 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe ML18174 study, which showed benefits of bevacizumab (BEV) continuation beyond progression (BBP) for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), excluded patients with first-line progression-free survival (PFS) shorter than 3 months. The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of second-line chemotherapy after early disease progression during first-line chemotherapy containing bevacizumab.MethodsThe subjects of this study were mCRC patients who experienced disease progression <100 days from commencement of first-line chemotherapy containing BEV initiated between Apr 2007 and Dec 2016. Second-line chemotherapy regimens were classified into two groups with and without BEV (BBP and non-BBP) and efficacy and safety were compared using univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsSixty-one patients were identified as subjects of this study. Baseline characteristics were numerically different between BBP (n = 36) and non-BBP (n = 25) groups, such as performance status (0-1/>2: 89/11 and 56/44%), RAS status (wild/mutant/unknown: 28/56/16 and 76/16/8%). Response rate was 5.9% in BBP group and 9.1% in non-BBP group (p = 0.642). Median PFS was 3.7 months in BBP group and 2.8 months in non-BBP group (HR [95%CI]: 0.83 [0.49–1.41], p = 0.489, adjusted HR: 0.97 [0.48–1.96], p = 0.932). Median overall survival was 7.6 months in BBP group and 5.4 months in non-BBP group (HR 0.70 [0.41–1.19], p = 0.191, adjusted HR 0.65 [0.34–1.25], p = 0.195).ConclusionIn patients experienced early progression in first-line chemotherapy, their outcomes of second-line chemotherapy were poor regardless of whether they were in BBP or non-BBP group.
Synthesis, α-Glucosidase Inhibition, α-Amylase Inhibition and Molecular Docking Studies of 3,3-Di(Indolyl)Indolin-2-Ones
Authors: Santoso Mardi , Ong Li , Aijijiyah Nur , Wati First , Azminah Azminah , Annur Rose , Fadlan Arif , Mustikasari Kamilia , Huda Nila , Judeh Zaher 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The synthesized 3,3-di(indoloyl)indolin-2-ones 1a - p showed desired higher α-glucosidase inhibitory activities and lower α-amylase inhibitory activities than standard drug acarbose. Particularly, compound 1i showed favourable higher α-glucosidase % inhibition of 67±13 and lower α-amylase % inhibition of 51±4 in comparison to acarbose with % inhibition activities of 19±5 and 90±2, respectively. Docking studies of selected 3,3-di(indoloyl)indolin-2-ones revealed key interactions with the active sites of both α-glucosidase and α-amylase, further supporting the observed % inhibitory activities. Furthermore, the binding energies are consistent with the % inhibition values. The results suggest that 3,3-di(indoloyl)indolin-2-ones may be developed as suitable Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors (AGIs) and the lower a-amylase activities should be advantageous to reduce the side effects exhibited by commercial AGIS.