bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated CO2 shifts soil microbial communities from K‐ to r‐strategists
Authors: Sun Yuan , Wang Cuiting , Yang Jinyan , Liao Jiahui , Chen Han Y.H. , Ruan Honghua 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimsSoil microbes are key to myriad processes in terrestrial ecosystems. Elevated CO2 represents a dominant driver of global climate change; however, it remains unclear to what extent elevated CO2 impacts soil microbial communities at ecosystem and global scales. Here, we sought to address the following questions: (a) Do the compositions of microbial communities shift from K‐ to r‐strategists under elevated CO2? (b) What is the extent of the compositional shifts of microbial communities affected by elevated CO2 concentrations, experimental duration, ecosystem types and/or background climates? (c) Are the responses of microbial communities to elevated CO2 associated with changes in soil pH and carbon and nitrogen availabilities?LocationGlobal.Time period1998–2020.Major taxa studiedSoil microbes.MethodsWe performed a global meta‐analysis of 965 observations from 122 studies, which tested the effects of elevated CO2 on microbial communities. The data covered broad variations in ecosystems, climate, CO2 concentrations, experimental duration, and soil factors.ResultsWe revealed that elevated CO2 decreased the K‐ to r‐strategist ratios with decreasing fungi : bacteria, Gram+ : Gram– bacteria, and Acidobacteria : Proteobacteria ratios, and increased bacterial biomass, microbial biomass carbon, Gram– bacteria, and Acidobacteria abundance. Moreover, the shifts from K‐ to r‐strategists were more pronounced under higher CO2 concentrations and longer experimental durations. The responses of microbial attributes to elevated CO2 did not differ significantly among croplands, forests and grasslands. Furthermore, the response of microbial biomass to elevated CO2 was negatively correlated with the response of soil pH, while those of bacterial biomass and fungi : bacteria ratios were positively correlated with those of soil organic carbon and soil carbon : nitrogen ratios, respectively.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that elevated CO2 shifts soil microbial communities from K‐ to r‐strategists, and provide supportive evidence for understanding responses of soil microbial processes to elevated CO2.
The intrinsically disordered N‐terminal region of mouse DNA polymerase alpha mediates its interaction with POT1a/b at telomeres
Authors: Mizuno Takeshi , Hirabayashi Kei , Miyazawa Sae , Kobayashi Yurika , Shoji Kenta , Kobayashi Masakazu , Hanaoka Fumio , Imamoto Naoko , Torigoe Hidetaka 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMouse telomerase and the DNA polymerase alpha‐primase complex elongate the leading and lagging strands of telomeres, respectively. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of lagging strand synthesis, we investigated the interaction between DNA polymerase alpha and two paralogs of the mouse POT1 telomere‐binding protein (POT1a and POT1b). Yeast two‐hybrid analysis and a glutathione S‐transferase pull‐down assay indicated that the C‐terminal region of POT1a/b binds to the intrinsically disordered N‐terminal region of p180, the catalytic subunit of mouse DNA polymerase alpha. Subcellular distribution analyses showed that although POT1a, POT1b, and TPP1 were localized to the cytoplasm, POT1a‐TPP1 and POT1b‐TPP1 coexpressed with TIN2 localized to the nucleus in a TIN2 dose‐dependent manner. Coimmunoprecipitation and cell cycle synchronization experiments indicated that POT1b‐TPP1‐TIN2 was more strongly associated with p180 than POT1a‐TPP1‐TIN2, and this complex accumulated during the S phase. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and proximity ligation assays showed that POT1a and POT1b interacted with p180 and TIN2 on telomeric chromatin. Based on the present study and a previous study, we propose a model in which POT1a/b‐TPP1‐TIN2 translocates into the nucleus in a TIN2 dose‐dependent manner to target the telomere, where POT1a/b interacts with DNA polymerase alpha for recruitment at the telomere for lagging strand synthesis.
The molecular functions of Biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate in lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflamed dental pulp cells
Authors: Wang M. C. , Tu H. F. , Chang K. W. , Lin S. C. , Yeh L. Y. , Hung P. S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimTo explore the proliferation, adhesion and differentiation response and the underlying mechanisms that occur in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflamed dental pulp cells (DPCs) in contact with Biodentine and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).MethodologyThe DPCs were isolated from three healthy donors and named DPC‐H1 to DPC‐H3. The DPCs were pre‐cultured with 2 or 5 μg mL−1 LPS for 24 h to induce inflammation. The expression of inflammation marker miR‐146a was detected by q‐PCR. The normal and LPS‐induced DPCs were further treated with 0.14 mg mL−1 Biodentine or 0.13 mg mL−1 MTA for 24 h. MTT assay and adhesion assay were used to analyse the changes of cell phenotypes. DSPP, AKT and ERK expressions were detected by Western blotting. The data were analysed by Mann–Whitney test or two‐way anova. Differences were considered statistically significant when P < 0.05.ResultsIn LPS‐induced DPCs, Biodentine and MTA treatment neither induced nor aggravated LPS‐induced inflammation, but their presence did increase the expression of the odontogenic differentiation marker DSPP. Under 2 or 5 μg mL−1 LPS‐induced inflammation, Biodentine and MTA promoted the proliferation of DPC cells, and significantly in DPC‐H2 (P < 0.0001 for both reagents). With the treatment of 2 μg mL−1 LPS, the cell adhesion of DPCs on the fibronectin‐coated culture plates was increased significantly by Biodentine (P = 0.0413) and MTA (P < 0.0001). Biodentine and MTA regulated cell adhesion on the fibronectin‐coated culture plates (P < 0.0001 for both reagents) and proliferation (P < 0.0001 for both reagents) via the AKT pathway. However, the AKT pathway was not involved in the expression of DSPP induced by Biodentine and MTA.ConclusionBiodentine and MTA enhanced the proliferation, adhesion and differentiation of LPS‐induced DPCs. The proliferation and adhesion process induced by Biodentine and MTA was via the AKT pathway. However, the cellular differentiation process might not use the same pathway, and this needs to be explored in future studies.
Modelling hypercholesterolaemia in rats using high cholesterol diet
Authors: Cunha Luiza Ferracini , Ongaratto Mariana Aubin , Endres Marcelo , Barschak Alethea Gatto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHypercholesterolaemia is a complex condition with multiple causes, including both lifestyle and genetic aspects. It is also a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are responsible for 172 million deaths/year. Although the reasons for hypercholesterolaemia are known, there are many critical questions that remain to be answered so that new therapeutics can be developed. In order to elucidate the pathobiology of this condition, animal models can mimic the pathology of human hypercholesterolaemia. One example of an animal model is induced by the hypercholesterolaemic diet in Wistar rats. The present review first summarizes the current understanding of the metabolic profile involved in hypercholesterolaemia in humans. Next it comments about the lack of consensus as to which hypercholesterolaemia induction protocol should be used. The present work aimed to review experimental studies that induced hypercholesterolaemia in Wistar rats it was not intended to judge the “best” model, since they all achieved the goal of inducing an increase in serum cholesterol.
Skin biopsy as an aid to diagnosis of disorders of the nervous system without cutaneous manifestations
Authors: George Mamatha , Noone Mohan L. , Santhosh Parvathy , Santhoshkumar Rashmi , Sagar B. K. Chandrasekhar , Mahadevan Anita 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThere are several neurological diseases wherein skin biopsy is useful for diagnosis, even in the absence of skin involvement. Skin biopsy is especially relevant in diseases in which the metabolic error is unknown or has no available diagnostic biochemical test. Skin biopsy, being relatively noninvasive, obviates the need for an invasive procedure such as a brain biopsy. These disorders wherein skin biopsies are particularly useful include the progressive myoclonic epilepsies, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL), neuroaxonal dystrophy, and small fiber neuropathies (SFN). We review the role of skin biopsy in such conditions with notes on preferred sites and techniques.
Caustic ingestions over 10 years in Victoria, Australia: high rates in migrants and women
Authors: Rouse Sarah , Buckle Andrew , Hebbard Geoff , Metz Andrew , Sood Siddharth 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundCaustic ingestion is relatively common in developing countries and can result in life‐threatening sequelae. There is limited understanding of the epidemiology and incidence in Australia.AimsThis statewide 10‐year audit aims to document the rate of caustic injury in a defined Australian pouplation.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted over 10 years (2007–2016), including all admissions to hospitals in Victoria. This includes a population of 5.9 million people and 22 hospitals.ResultsThree hundred and eighty‐four cases of caustic ingestion were admitted to hospital between January 2007 and December 2016. The overall incidence was 7 cases/million/year. This cohort included 217 (56.5%) females, 193 (50.2%) overseas born patients and 196 (51%) people with a history of mental illness. The countries of birth with the highest incidence of caustic ingestion were Ethiopia (11 patients; 227 cases/million/year; relative risk (RR) 31.7; P < 0.0001), Sudan (11 patients; 161 cases/million/year; RR 22.6; P < 0.0001) and India (38 patients; 27 cases/million/year; RR 3.9; P < 0.0001). All had a significantly higher incidence than the Australian‐born population of only 6.5 cases/million/year (RR 0.4; P < 0.0001). Of those born in India, Sudan and Ethiopia, rates of females (72%) were considerably higher than males. The overall mortality rate in this cohort was 2.3%.ConclusionsCaustic ingestion remains a significant cause of morbidity and health expenditure in Victoria, particularly among vulnerable groups such as recent female migrants from areas in Africa and India. The high frequency of events seen in migrant populations highlights the significant need for awareness of risks in these groups for the development of possible prevention strategies that are required.
Structural drivers controlling sulfur solubility in alkali aluminoborosilicate glasses
Authors: Xu Xinyi , Youngman Randall E. , Kapoor Saurabh , Goel Ashutosh 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIf the direct feed approach to vitrify the Hanford's tank waste is implemented, the low activity waste (LAW) will comprise higher concentrations of alkali/alkaline‐earth sulfates than expected under the previously proposed vitrification scheme. To ensure a minimal impact of higher sulfate concentrations on the downstream operations and overall cost of vitrification, advanced glass formulations with enhanced sulfate loadings (solubility) are needed. While, the current sulfate solubility predictive models have been successful in designing LAW glasses with sulfate loadings <2 wt.%, it will be difficult for them to design glass compositions with enhanced loadings due to our limited understanding of the fundamental science governing these processes. In this pursuit, this article unearths the underlying compositional and structural drivers controlling the sulfate solubility in model LAW glasses. It has been shown that the preferentially removes non‐framework cations from the modifier sites in the silicate network, thus, leading to the polymerization in the glass network via the formation of ring‐structured borosilicate units. Furthermore, though the sulfate solubility slightly decreases with increasing Li+/Na+ in the glasses, the prefers to be charge compensated by Na+, as it is easier for to break Na–O bonds instead of Li–O bonds.
Relationship of structure and mechanical property of silica with enhanced sampling and machine learning
Authors: Deng Yuanpeng , Du Tao , Li Hui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAs one of the most abundant materials on Earth, silica has been widely studied in various crystal structures and glassy states. However, in terms of molecular structure and the corresponding mechanical properties between those of ordered and disordered states, partially ordered silica states are not well‐explored in the relevant literature owing to a low probability of appearance in experiments and simulations. The lack of this knowledge significantly hinders the understanding of the inherent mechanism of mechanical properties and limits the applications in many engineering fields. In this study, we present an exploration of the complex interdependent relations of the structural properties of silica over a wide range of free energy surfaces and establish a machine learning‐based prediction model via high‐throughput molecular dynamics simulations coupling with an enhanced sampling method. Each scale of structure information of samples with varying crystallinity is analyzed. First, descriptors of silica structures were identified and selected as inputs to a deep neural network (DNN). The results indicate that our DNN‐based approach can provide an accurate prediction of bulk modulus, shear modulus, and tensile strength of silica samples. Furthermore, the generalizability of the machine learning model is verified on the prediction tasks for much larger silica systems, as well as silica quenched at varying cooling rates. Overall, the enhanced sampling method can reliably accelerate the exploration of free energy surfaces and collection of training samples, and machine learning methods are effective in generating accurate and reliable predictions of mechanical properties of materials over the free energy surface.
Nanoparticle synthesis of transition‐metal borides by pulsed discharge of compacted powder
Authors: Nguyen D. Hieu , Ngo M. Chu , Tokoi Yoshinori , Do Thi‐Mai‐Dung , Nakayama Tadachika , Suematsu Hisayuki , Niihara Koichi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this study, boride nanoparticles were synthesized via a low‐cost and simple pulsed discharge of compacted crystalline and amorphous B micron‐sized powders for the first time. Borides of Ti, Mo, W, and Zr were chosen for synthesis experiments. The as‐synthesized powders were spherically shaped and smaller than 100 nm. X‐ray diffraction patterns indicated the presence of several minor phases in each boride powder in addition to a single main‐phase boride. Specifically, the main phases were TiB2, MoB2, WB4, and ZrB2 for borides of Ti, Mo, W, and Zr, respectively. Energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) indicated the presence of B and metal in almost all particles of every sample. The observed particles usually exhibited a two‐part structure: a boride phase and B. Small amounts of C, Fe, Cr, and Ni were detected by EDS; however, the contents of Fe, Cr, and Ni were substantially reduced after improvements to the experimental setup.
Effect of rs67085638 in long non‐coding RNA (CCAT1) on colon cancer chemoresistance to paclitaxel through modulating the microRNA‐24‐3p and FSCN1
Authors: Xiao Zhong‐Sheng , Zhao Lei , Zhang Xiao‐Ning , Li Han‐Xian , Yin Zhi‐Hui 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIt has been reported that rs67085638 in long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNA)‐CCAT1 was associated with the risk of tumorigenesis. Also, CCAT1 could affect chemoresistance of cancer cells to paclitaxel (PTX) via regulating miR‐24‐3p and FSCN1 expression. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of rs67085638 on the expression of CCAT1/miR‐24‐3p/FSCN1 and the response of colon cancer to the treatment of PTX. 48 colon cancer patients were recruited and grouped by their genotypes of rs67085638 polymorphism as a CC group (N = 28) and a CT group (N = 20). PCR analysis, IHC assay and Western blot, TUNEL assay and flow cytometry were conducted. LncRNA‐CCAT1 and FSCN1 mRNA/protein were overexpressed, whereas miR‐24‐3p was down‐regulated in the CT‐genotyped patients and cells compared with those in the CC‐genotyped patients and cells. The survival of colon cancer cells was decreased, whereas the apoptosis of colon cancer cells was increased by PTX treatment in a dose‐dependent manner. MiR‐24‐3p was validated to target lncRNA‐CCAT1 and FSCN1 mRNA, and the overexpression of CCAT1 could reduce the expression of miR‐24‐3p although elevating the expression of FSCN1. Knockdown of lncRNA‐CCAT1 partly reversed the suppressed growth of CT‐genotyped tumours. And the knockdown of lncRNA‐CCAT1 partly reversed the dysregulation of lncRNA‐CCAT1 and FSCN1 mRNA/protein in rs67085638‐CT + NC shRNA mice. The findings of this study demonstrated that the presence of the minor allele of rs67085638 increased the expression of CCAT1 and accordingly enhanced the resistance to PTX. Down‐regulation of CCAT1 significantly re‐stored the sensitivity to PTX of colon cancer cells.
Exercise‐induced peptide EIP‐22 protect myocardial from ischaemia/reperfusion injury via activating JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway
Authors: Zhang Li , Wang Xuejun , Zhang Hao , Feng Mengwen , Ding Jingjing , Zhang Bing , Cheng Zijie , Qian Lingmei 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that exercise has myocardial protective effects, but the exact mechanism remains unclear. Studies have increasingly found that peptides play a protective role in myocardial ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, little is known about the role of exercise‐induced peptides in myocardial I/R injury. To elucidate the effect of exercise‐induced peptide EIP‐22 in myocardial I/R injury, we first determined the effect of EIP‐22 on hypoxia/reperfusion (H/R)‐ or H2O2‐induced injury via assessing cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. In addition, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was assessed by fluorescence microscope. Meanwhile, Western blot and TUNEL methods were used to detect apoptosis level. Then, we conducted mice I/R injury model and verified the effect of EIP‐22 by measuring cardiac function, evaluating heart pathology and detecting serum LDH, CK‐MB and cTnI level. Finally, the main signalling pathway was analysed by RNA‐seq. In vitro, EIP‐22 treatment significantly improved cells viabilities and MMP and attenuated the LDH, ROS and apoptosis level. In vivo, EIP‐22 distinctly improved cardiac function, ameliorated myocardial infarction area and fibrosis and decreased serum LDH, CK‐MB and cTnI level. Mechanistically, JAK/STAT signalling pathway was focussed by RNA‐seq and we confirmed that EIP‐22 up‐regulated the expression of p‐JAK2 and p‐STAT3. Moreover, AG490, a selective inhibitor of JAK2/STAT3, eliminated the protective roles of EIP‐22. The results uncovered that exercise‐induced peptide EIP‐22 protected cardiomyocytes from myocardial I/R injury via activating JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway and might be a new candidate molecule for the treatment of myocardial I/R injury.
Opening the black box of AI‐Medicine
Authors: Poon Aaron I F , Sung Joseph J Y 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOne of the biggest challenges of utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine is that physicians are reluctant to trust and adopt something that they do not fully understand and regarded as a “black box.” Machine Learning (ML) can assist in reading radiological, endoscopic and histological pictures, suggesting diagnosis and predict disease outcome, and even recommending therapy and surgical decisions. However, clinical adoption of these AI tools has been slow because of a lack of trust. Besides clinician's doubt, patients lacking confidence with AI‐powered technologies also hamper development. While they may accept the reality that human errors can occur, little tolerance of machine error is anticipated. In order to implement AI medicine successfully, interpretability of ML algorithm needs to improve. Opening the black box in AI medicine needs to take a stepwise approach. Small steps of biological explanation and clinical experience in ML algorithm can help to build trust and acceptance. AI software developers will have to clearly demonstrate that when the ML technologies are integrated into the clinical decision‐making process, they can actually help to improve clinical outcome. Enhancing interpretability of ML algorithm is a crucial step in adopting AI in medicine.
Gut microbiota composition associated with hepatic fibrosis in non‐obese patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Iwaki Michihiro , Kessoku Takaomi , Ozaki Anna , Kasai Yuki , Kobayashi Takashi , Nogami Asako , Honda Yasushi , Ogawa Yuji , Imajo Kento , Yoneda Masato , Maeda Ayako , Tanaka Yoshiki , Nakajima Shunji , Ohno Hiroshi , Usuda Haruki , Kawanaka Miwa , Kawaguchi Takumi , Torimura Takuji , Kage Masayoshi , Hyogo Hideyuki , Takahashi Hirokazu , Eguchi Yuichiro , Aishima Shinichi , Wada Koichiro , Kobayashi Noritoshi , Sumida Yoshio , Saito Satoru , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground and AimGut microbiota composition is associated with the pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, the association between gut microbiota composition and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in non‐obese patients remains unclear. We compared clinical parameters and gut microbiota profiles of healthy controls and non‐obese and obese patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.MethodsWe examined the clinical parameters and gut microbiota profiles by 16S rRNA sequences and short‐chain fatty acid levels in fecal samples from 51 non‐obese patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (body mass index <25 kg/m2) and 51 obese patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2) who underwent pathological examination and 87 controls at five hospitals in Japan.ResultsAlthough no significant differences between the non‐obese and other groups were observed in alpha diversity, a significant difference was found in beta diversity. We observed a significant decrease in serum alanine aminotransferase levels, Eubacterium population, and butyric acid levels in non‐obese patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease compared with those in obese patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. A significant negative correlation was found between the stage of hepatic fibrosis and Eubacterium abundance in non‐obese patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease.ConclusionsThe decrease in the abundance of Eubacterium that produces butyric acid may play an important role in the development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in non‐obese individuals. This study was registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network clinical trial registration system (UMIN000020917).
Training therapists in emotionally focused therapy: A longitudinal and cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Koren Réka , Woolley Scott R. , Danis Ildikó , Török Szabolcs 
Published: March 2021

AbstractUsing cross‐sectional and longitudinal data, our study looks at the effectiveness of the Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) Externship and Core Skills trainings. It is the first study to evaluate EFT Core Skills trainings and the first to evaluate change longitudinally throughout the standardized EFT training program. We used the Hungarian EFT Knowledge and Competency Scale (Hungarian EFT‐KACS) to examine self‐perceived knowledge, competency, and alliance over three 4‐day training blocks (Externship, Core Skills Modules 1&2, Core Skills Modules 3&4). Results indicate that each training block significantly increased self‐perceived knowledge, competency, and alliance. During the Externship, participants’ knowledge increased the most and remained at this level after each training block. Competency showed a more modest but significant increase during the Externship. However, by the end of the Core Skills training, competency showed a significant increase compared to post‐Externship results, demonstrating the unique role of Core Skills training in developing competency in EFT.