bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aspek Pemikiran Dan Metodologi Penyampaian Al-Marbawi Dan Mustafa Abdul Rahman: Perbandingan Dalam Pentafsiran Surah Yasin
Authors: Ahmad Hilmi Ahmad Bazli , Mohd Yusoff Zulkifli , Amir Selamat , Zakaria Zulkarnin , Spawi Mahiz 
Published: April 2021

The Quranic exegesis in Malaysia has always been strongly influenced by Malay religious teachers from various educational institutions and each of them is subscribing to their preferred method of interpretation. The achievement of previous Muslim scholars can be witnessed from the publication of a large number of books on exegesis. This paper analysed the comparison of thoughts and methodology of presentation of Muhammad Idris Al-Marbawi and Mustafa Abdul Rahman found in their works. The focus of study was on the exegesis of surah Yaseen by both scholars. Through text analysis, both aspects were scrutinised and compared in their work. Results found that the ideas of Al-Marbawi were universal and integral in character; his exegesis was full of discussion that covered wide range of aspects and knowledge. Mustafa Abdul Rahman’s ideas were contradicting Al-Marbawi's; his exegesis was fundamental in nature and he covered the basic knowledge on the verses. From presentation methodology, Al-Marbawi's was organised in unique approach and systematic arrangement, while Mustafa Abdul Rahman’s resorted to easy-to-understand language and discussion approach common to readers.
Abstrak
Perkembangan bidang tafsir di Malaysia diperangaruhi oleh tokoh ulama Melayu daripada pelbagai institusi pendidikan dan setiap daripada mereka mempunyai metode pengajian tafsir yang tersendiri. Keunggulan ilmu tokoh ulama terdahulu dapat dilihat melalui penghasilan kitab-kitab tafsir. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbandingan aspek pemikiran dan metode penyampaian Muhammad Idris Al-Marbawi dan Mustafa Abdul Rahman dalam karya masing-masing. Fokus kajian ini adalah kepada tafsiran surah Yasin kedua-dua tokoh. Melalui pendekatan kajian perpustakaan, penulis berusaha meneliti dua aspek tersebut dalam karya setiap tokoh dan kemudian membanding antara keduanya. Hasil kajian mendapati pemikiran Al-Marbawi bersifat universal dan integral; pentafsiran beliau sarat dengan perbincangan merangkumi dan merentasi pelbagai bidang ilmu dan aspek. Pemikiran Mustafa Abdul Rahman pula lebih bersifat kontradik dengan Al-Marbawi; pentafsiran beliau mendasar dan merangkumi pengetahuan umum berkenaan ayat. Dari segi metodologi penyampaian Al-Marbawi diwarnai dengan pelbagai pendekatan unik dan susun atur kitab yang sistematik, sementara Mustafa Abdul Rahman menggunakan pendekatan syarahan dengan gaya bahasa yang mudah difahami pembaca.
Analisis Penggunaan Tulang Haiwan Dalam Produk Penapis Air Dari Perspektif Halal: Kajian Di Hijrah Water Sdn. Bhd.
Authors: Mohd Salleh Mohd Mahyeddin , Mohd Subri Irwan , Deuraseh Nurdeng , Ab. Rahman Suhaimi , Mustafa Shuhaimi Mustafa , Jamaludin Mohammad Aizat 
Published: April 2021

Tulang haiwan adalah antara bahan penting yang digunakan sebagai karbon aktif bagi menapis kotoran air, dan dijadikan bio seramik bagi membekalkan kalsium pada air. Kebanyakan tulang dalam industri diperolehi dari sumber yang haram atau diragui status halalnya. Justeru, objektif kajian ini menganalisis penggunaan tulang haiwan dalam produk penapis air menurut pandangan syarak. Metodologi kajian adalah berbentuk kualitatif berdasarkan pendekatan analisis dokumen dan temubual. Pengkaji memilih Syarikat Hijrah Water Sdn. Bhd. sebagai lokasi kajian atas kapasiti syarikat sebagai peneraju penapis air halal di Malaysia. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa produk penapis air daripada sumber tulang khinzir dan haiwan yang tidak disembelih adalah haram kerana kaedah istihalah didapati tidak berlaku secara sempurna, berdasarkan mazhab Shafi’i. Sebagai alternatif kepada tulang haiwan, bahan-bahan daripada sumber semulajadi seperti tempurung kelapa, buluh, cengkerang laut dan sisik ikan tilapia boleh digunakan sebagai media penapis air kerana ia dijamin halal. Kajian lanjutan boleh dilakukan ke atas syarikat-syarikat lain yang menggunakan bahan-bahan halal bagi menggantikan penggunaan tulang haiwan dalam penapis air.
Uang Elektronik, Uang Digital (Cryptocurrency) Dan Fatwa Dsn-Mui No.116 Tentang Uang Elektronik
Authors: Mulvi Aulia  
Published: April 2021

Seiring perkembangan zaman yang berdampak pada perkembangan teknologi di mana dunia saat ini sudah mengenal apa yang disebut internet, sistem pembayaran pun menemukan arah baru. Ada yang menginginkan digitalisasi sistem pembayaran namun tetap menggunakan instrumen konvensional, maka muncullah uang elektronik. Namun ada juga yang menginginkan digitalisasi sistem pembayaran dengan menggunakan instrumen digital juga, maka muncullah uang digital atau dikenal dengan cryptocurrency. Di Indonesia otoritas keuangan Sentral baru menerbitkan izin untuk uang elektronik begitu juga dengan Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia yang mengeluarkan fatwa tentang kebolehan uang elektronik. Pada kenyataannya masyarakat Indonesia selain telah menggunakan uang elektronik mereka juga telah menggunakan uang digital.
Leishmania donovani Secretory Mevalonate Kinase Regulates Host Immune Response and Facilitates Phagocytosis
Authors: Bamra Tanvir , Shafi Taj , Das Sushmita , Kumar Manjay , Dikhit Manas Ranjan , Kumar Ajay , Kumar Ashish , Abhishek Kumar , Pandey Krishna , Sen Abhik , Das Pradeep 
Published: April 2021

Summary StatementLeishmaniasecretes over 151 proteins duringin vitrocultivation. Cellular functions of one such novel protein: mevalonate kinase is discussed here; signifying its importance inLeishmaniainfection.Visceral Leishmaniasis is a persistent infection, caused byLeishmania donovaniin Indian subcontinent. This persistence is partly due to phagocytosis and evasion of host immune response. The underlying mechanism involves secretory proteins ofLeishmaniaparasite; however, related studies are meagre. We have identified a novel secretoryLeishmania donovaniglycoprotein, Mevalonate kinase (MVK), and shown its importance in parasite internalization and immuno-modulation. In our studies, MVK was found to be secreted maximum after 1 h temperature stress at 37°C. Its secretion was increased by 6.5-fold in phagolysosome-like condition (pH ~5.5, 37°C) than at pH ~7.4 and 25°C. Treatment with MVK modulated host immune system by inducing interleukin-10 and interleukin-4 secretion, suppressing host’s ability to kill the parasite. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived macrophages infected with mevalonate kinase-overexpressing parasites showed an increase in intracellular parasite burden in comparison to infection with vector control parasites. Mechanism behind the increase in phagocytosis and immunosuppression was found to be phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway protein, Extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1/2, and actin scaffold protein, cortactin. Thus, we conclude thatLeishmania donovaniMevalonate kinase aids in parasite engulfment and subvert the immune system by interfering with signal transduction pathways in host cells, which causes suppression of the protective response and facilitates their persistence in the host. Our work elucidates the involvement ofLeishmaniain the process of phagocytosis which is thought to be dependent largely on macrophages and contributes towards better understanding of host pathogen interactions.
Prediction of HF-Related Mortality Risk Using Genetic Risk Score Alone and in Combination With Traditional Risk Factors
Authors: Hu Dong , Xiao Lei , Li Shiyang , Hu Senlin , Sun Yang , Wang Yan , Wang Dao Wen 
Published: April 2021

Background: Common variants may contribute to the variation of prognosis of heart failure (HF) among individual patients, but no systematical analysis was conducted using transcriptomic and whole exome sequencing (WES) data. We aimed to construct a genetic risk score (GRS) and estimate its potential as a predictive tool for HF-related mortality risk alone and in combination with traditional risk factors (TRFs).Methods and Results: We reanalyzed the transcriptomic data of 177 failing hearts and 136 healthy donors. Differentially expressed genes (fold change &gt;1.5 or &lt;0.68 and adjusted P &lt; 0.05) were selected for prognosis analysis using our whole exome sequencing and follow-up data with 998 HF patients. Statistically significant variants in these genes were prepared for GRS construction. Traditional risk variables were in combination with GRS for the construct of the composite risk score. Kaplan–Meier curves and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used to assess the effect of GRS and the composite risk score on the prognosis of HF and discriminant power, respectively. We found 157 upregulated and 173 downregulated genes. In these genes, 31 variants that were associated with the prognosis of HF were finally identified to develop GRS. Compared with individuals with low risk score, patients with medium- and high-risk score showed 2.78 (95%CI = 1.82–4.24, P = 2 × 10−6) and 6.54 (95%CI = 4.42–9.71, P = 6 × 10−21) -fold mortality risk, respectively. The composite risk score combining GRS and TRF predicted mortality risk with an HR = 5.41 (95% CI = 2.72–10.64, P = 1 × 10−6) for medium vs. low risk and HR = 22.72 (95% CI = 11.9–43.48, P = 5 × 10−21) for high vs. low risk. The discriminant power of GRS is excellent with a C statistic of 0.739, which is comparable to that of TRF (C statistic = 0.791). The combination of GRS and TRF could significantly increase the predictive ability (C statistic = 0.853).Conclusions: The 31-SNP GRS could well distinguish those HF patients with poor prognosis from those with better prognosis and provide clinician with reference for the intensive therapy, especially when combined with TRF.Clinical Trial Registration:https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT03461107.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Early Stage of Acute Myocardial Infarction Prevent Ventricular Arrhythmias and Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Dai Yan , Ning Xiaohui , Tang Min , Zhao Yunzi , Li Zeyi , Zhang Shu 
Published: April 2021

Aims: To evaluate whether low level left vagus nerve stimulation (LLVNS) in early stage of myocardial infarction (MI) could effectively prevent ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and protect cardiac function, and explore the underlying mechanisms.Methods and Results: After undergoing implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) and left cervical vagal stimulators implantation and MI creation, 16 dogs were randomly divided into three groups: the MI (n = 6), MI+LLVNS (n = 5), and sham operation (n = 5) groups. LLVNS was performed for 3 weeks. VAs, the left ventricular function, the density of the nerve fibers in the infarction area and gene expression profiles were analyzed. Compared with the MI group, dogs in the MI+LLVNS group had a lower VAs incidence (p &lt; 0.05) and better left ventricular function. LLVNS significantly inhibited excessive sympathetic nerve sprouting with the evidences of decreased density of TH, GAP43 and NF positive nerves (p &lt; 0.05). The gene expression profiling found a total of 206 genes differentially expressed between MI+LLVNS and MI dogs, mainly involved in cardiac tissue remodeling, cardiac neural remodeling, immune response and apoptosis. These genes, including 55 up-regulated genes and 151 down-regulated genes, showed more protective expressions under LLVNS.Conclusions: This study suggests that LLVNS was delivered without altering heart rate, contributing to reduced incidences of VAs and improved left ventricular function. The potential mechanisms included suppressing cardiac neuronal sprouting, inhibiting excessive sympathetic nerve sprouting and subduing pro-inflammatory responses by regulating gene expressions from a canine experimental study.
Modeling and Simulation of a Novel Sustainable Ammonia Production Process From Food Waste and Brown Water
Authors: Ghavam Seyedehhoma , Taylor Caroline M. , Styring Peter 
Published: April 2021

Global demand for both clean energy carriers and agricultural nutrients continues to grow rapidly, alongside increasing quantities of waste globally, interlinked challenges that may be addressed with interlinked solutions. We report on the potential efficiency and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) intensity of several configurations of a new, sustainability-driven ammonia (NH3) production processes to determine whether a waste-based process designed first around carbon dioxide (CO2) capture can compete with other available NH3 technologies. This is assessed via different scenarios: Two hydrogen generating options are paired with four CO2 fates. For either an anaerobic digestion-centered process or a two-stage dark fermentation coupled with anaerobic digestion process, the resultant CO2 may be captured and injected, sold to the marketplace, released directly in the atmosphere, or converted to urea in order to produce a green substitute for synthetic NH3. Modeled yields range from 47 t NH3 when the resultant CO2 is released or captured, or 3.8 t NH3 and 76.5 t urea when the system is designed to produce no unutilized CO2. Among the technologies assessed, NH3 production where CO2 is captured for anaerobic digestion-only is the most efficient for GHG emissions and water consumption, while the two-stage requires less energy on a fertilizer-N basis. GHG emissions for anaerobic digestion-only are approximately 8% lower than the two-stage. The best of the proposed technology configurations consumes about 41% less energy than water electrolysis coupled with Haber-Bosch and approximately 27% lower energy than Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) coupled with Haber-Bosch per kg NH3.
An Unbiased Flow Cytometry-Based Approach to Assess Subset-Specific Circulating Monocyte Activation and Cytokine Profile in Whole Blood
Authors: Kiefer Jurij , Zeller Johannes , Bogner Balázs , Hörbrand Isabel A. , Lang Friederike , Deiss Emil , Winninger Oscar , Fricke Mark , Kreuzaler Sheena , Smudde Eva , Huber-Lang Markus , Peter Karlheinz , Woollard Kevin J. , Eisenhardt Steffen U. 
Published: April 2021

Monocytes are the third most frequent type of leukocytes in humans, linking innate and adaptive immunity and are critical drivers in many inflammatory diseases. Based on the differential expression of surface antigens, three monocytic subpopulations have been suggested in humans and two in rats with varying inflammatory and phenotype characteristics. Potential intervention strategies that aim to manipulate these cells require an in-depth understanding of monocyte behavior under different conditions. However, monocytes are highly sensitive to their specific activation state and expression of surface markers, which can change during cell isolation and purification. Thus, there is an urgent need for an unbiased functional analysis of activation in monocyte subtypes, which is not affected by the isolation procedure. Here, we present a flow cytometry-based protocol for evaluating subset-specific activation and cytokine expression of circulating blood monocytes both in humans and rats using small whole blood samples (50 - 100 μL). In contrast to previously described monocyte isolation and flow cytometry visualization methods, the presented approach virtually leaves monocyte subsets in a resting state or fixes them in their current state and allows for an unbiased functional endpoint analysis without prior cell isolation. This protocol is a comprehensive tool for studying differential monocyte regulation in the inflammatory and allogeneic immune response in vitro and vivo.
Acute Transverse Myelitis (ATM):Clinical Review of 43 Patients With COVID-19-Associated ATM and 3 Post-Vaccination ATM Serious Adverse Events With the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine (AZD1222)
Authors: Román Gustavo C. , Gracia Fernando , Torres Antonio , Palacios Alexis , Gracia Karla , Harris Diógenes 
Published: April 2021

IntroductionAlthough acute transverse myelitis (ATM) is a rare neurological condition (1.34-4.6 cases per million/year) COVID-19-associated ATM cases have occurred during the pandemic.Case-finding methodsWe report a patient from Panama with SARS-CoV-2 infection complicated by ATM and present a comprehensive clinical review of 43 patients with COVID-19-associated ATM from 21 countries published from March 2020 to January 2021. In addition, 3 cases of ATM were reported as serious adverse events during the clinical trials of the COVID-19 vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222).ResultsAll patients had typical features of ATM with acute onset of paralysis, sensory level and sphincter deficits due to spinal cord lesions demonstrated by imaging. There were 23 males (53%) and 20 females (47%) ranging from ages 21- to 73- years-old (mean age, 49 years), with two peaks at 29 and 58 years, excluding 3 pediatric cases. The main clinical manifestations were quadriplegia (58%) and paraplegia (42%). MRI reports were available in 40 patients; localized ATM lesions affected ≤3 cord segments (12 cases, 30%) at cervical (5 cases) and thoracic cord levels (7 cases); 28 cases (70%) had longitudinally-extensive ATM (LEATM) involving ≥4 spinal cord segments (cervicothoracic in 18 cases and thoracolumbar-sacral in 10 patients). Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) occurred in 8 patients, mainly women (67%) ranging from 27- to 64-years-old. Three ATM patients also had blindness from myeloneuritis optica (MNO) and two more also had acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN).ConclusionsWe found ATM to be an unexpectedly frequent neurological complication of COVID-19. Most cases (68%) had a latency of 10 days to 6 weeks that may indicate post-infectious neurological complications mediated by the host’s response to the virus. In 32% a brief latency (15 hours to 5 days) suggested a direct neurotropic effect of SARS-CoV-2. The occurrence of 3 reported ATM adverse effects among 11,636 participants in the AZD1222 vaccine trials is extremely high considering a worldwide incidence of 0.5/million COVID-19-associated ATM cases found in this report. The pathogenesis of ATM remains unknown, but it is conceivable that SARS-CoV-2 antigens –perhaps also present in the AZD1222 COVID-19 vaccine or its chimpanzee adenovirus adjuvant– may induce immune mechanisms leading to the myelitis.
Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Enteroviruses-Associated Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease and Herpangina Outbreak in Zunyi, China, 2019
Authors: Ai Yuanhang , Zhang Weiwei , Wu Jie , Zhang Jingzhi , Shen Meijing , Yao Shifei , Deng Chengmin , Li Xiaoqian , Wu Dejing , Tian Peng , Cheng Xiaoju , Zha He , Wu Kaifeng 
Published: April 2021

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina (HA), two of the most common childhood infectious diseases, are associated with enteroviruses (EVs) infection. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular epidemiology of enterovirus causing HFMD/HA in Zunyi, China, during 2019, and to describe the clinical features of the cases.Methods: We collected the information on demographic and clinical characteristics, laboratory data of laboratory-confirmed EVs associated HFMD/HA cases in Zunyi Medical University Third Affiliated Hospital between March 1 and July 31, 2019. EV types were determined by either one-step real time RT-PCR or partial VP1 gene sequencing and sequence alignment. Phylogenetic analysis of CVA6, CVA2, and CVA5 were established based on the partial VP1 gene sequences by neighbor-joining method. Differences in clinical characteristics and laboratory results of the cases were compared among patients infected with the most prevalent EV types.Results: From 1 March to 31 July 2019, 1,377 EVs associated HFMD/HA inpatients were confirmed. Of them, 4 (0.3%, 4/1,377) were EV-A71-associated cases, 84 (6.1%, 84/1,377) were CVA16-associated cases, and 1,289 (93.6%, 1,289/1,377) were non-EV-A71/CVA16-associated cases. Of the randomly selected 372 non-EV-A71/CVA16 cases, EV types have been successfully determined in 273 cases including 166 HFMD and 107 HA cases. For HFMD cases, the three most common types were CVA6 (80.7%, 134/166), CVA2 (5.4%, 9/166) and CVA5 (3.0%, 5/166); similarly, for HA cases, the three most prevalent serotypes were CVA6 (36.5%, 39/107), CVA2 (21.5%, 23/107) and CVA5 (18.7%, 20/107). Phylogenetic analysis showed that subclade D of CVA5, and subclade E of CVA6 and CVA2 were predominant in Zunyi during the outbreak in 2019. Compared with the cases caused by CVA16, the incidence of high fever and severe infection associated with CVA2, CVA5, and CVA6 was higher.Conclusions: The recent HFMD/HA outbreak in Zunyi is due to a larger incidence of CVA6, CVA2, and CVA5. Novel diagnostic reagents and vaccines against these types would be important to monitor and control EV infections.
Association Between sTREM2, an Immune Biomarker of Microglial Activation, and Aging-Related Brain Volume Changes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A 7-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Orihashi Ryuzo , Mizoguchi Yoshito , Imamura Yoshiomi , Yamada Shigeto , Monji Akira 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the association between serum levels of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), a soluble form of an innate immune receptor expressed on the microglia, and brain volume in older adults.MethodsThe survey was conducted twice in Kurokawa-cho, Imari, Saga Prefecture, Japan, among people aged 65 years and older. We collected data from 596 residents. Serum sTREM2 level measurements, brain MRI, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and clinical dementia rating (CDR) were performed at Time 1 (2009–2011). Follow-up brain MRI, MMSE, and CDR were performed at Time 2 (2016–2017). The interval between Time 1 and Time 2 was approximately 7 years. Sixty-nine participants (16 men, mean age 72.69 ± 3.18 years; 53 women, mean age 72.68 ± 4.64 years) completed this study. We analyzed the correlation between serum sTREM2 levels (Time 1) and brain volume (Time 1, Time 2, and Time 1–Time 2 difference) using voxel-based morphometry implemented with Statistical Parametric Mapping.ResultsParticipants in this study had lower MMSE and higher CDR scores 7 years after the baseline evaluation. However, analyses at the cluster level by applying multiple comparison corrections (family wise error; P &lt; 0.05) showed no correlation between serum sTREM2 levels and volume of different brain regions, either cross-sectional or longitudinal.ConclusionSerum sTREM2 level could not serve as an immune biomarker of aging-related volume changes in brain regions closely related to cognitive function in older adults aged 65 years and above.