bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groundwater Assessment of Spring Water Using (GIS) Arc map 10.8 in Al-Shanafiyah District, AL-Qadisiyah Governorate, Southern Iraq
Authors: Matrood Marwan Jaber , Hussein Haider Mashkoor 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Groundwater takes center stage in areas where other sources of water are unavailable. The surface of rivers and irrigation schemes and applies to the study region represented by the district of Shanafiyah in southern Iraq. In the Al-Shanafiyah district, Production An aquifer probability map Geographical information number (GIS) Arc map 10.8 in the Shanafiyah watershed, Al Qadisiyah Governorate, Iraq. First, surveys were conducted to locate the springs Digital DEM mapping A total of 24 springs and 6 wells were identified and assigned to geographic information systems; 30 of these were chosen for chemical and physical examination, and a spatial study was conducted to determine the suitability of groundwater for drinking, irrigation, and animal watering. Since groundwater is the primary source upon which people depend, the judiciary is primarily used for drinking and second-class irrigation, and its function and significance have grown. Groundwater in the area has been depleted as a result of population growth and years of drought in recent years. Particularly since the area relies heavily on rainwater for agricultural investment. As a result, the judiciary will have to decide if groundwater is suitable for human consumption. In research and distribution systems, (GIS) Arc map 10.8 and agriculture, and by the implementation of modern techniques, exemplified by the use of The spatial characteristics of the groundwater in the area are important.
Microbial contamination in imported fish feed to Iraq
Authors: Al-Musawi Muhsin L , Hussein Siham B , Hassan Zainab A. Abdel , Hamd Marwa T , Jasim Riyam I. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study provides insight into the microbial contamination in imported fish feed to Iraq because this contaminated feed may cause a decrease in production of fish and increase mortality resulting economic losses. 125 samples were collected from Iraqi border points; microbiological analysis were down. Bacteriological analysis results identified Gram-negative bacteria (45) isolates at (56.3%) of samples include: E.coli (17) isolates, Acinetobacter spp. (10) isolates, Citrobacter spp. (8) isolates, providencia spp. (6) isolates, Shigella spp. (5) isolates, and proteus spp. (2) isolates but we don’t detected (Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Yersinia spp. and Enterobacter spp. Mycological analysis results shown presence of mycotoxogenic fungi in (51) isolates at (63.8%) of samples include: Aspergillus flavus (16) isolates, Fusarium spp. (12) isolates, Penecillium spp. (10) isolates, Aspergillus niger (7) isolates, Aspergillus fumigates (3) isolates, Alternaria spp. (2) isolates and Rhizopus spp. (1) isolates. Mycotoxin results show total Aflatoxin in (45) samples, T2/HT2 in (56) samples and Ochratoxin A in (37) samples. This study concluded presence of microbial contamination in some tested samples, therefore, it must be assessed the microbiological tests of imported fish feed by responsible authorities to ensure its safety.
Gas-sensing performance enhancement in ZnS/polymer films by homogenous morphology surface
Authors: Badran Hussain Ali , Alfahed Fakher R. K. , Abbas Abu Talib Y , Mghames Aqeel L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The ZnS/polymer films have been successfully prepared by casting technique with different thickness (10,12,13.5 and 14 ) and to carry out a comprehensive study of their gas detection performance. All the different ZnS polymer films thickness demonstrates excellent selectivity and accuracy and stability. ZnS- doped PMMA films show higher sensitivity to ethanol vapors. Further, the films show fast response and recovery to methanol and methanol vapors at higher operating temperatures. The methanol-ethanol sensing mechanism of the film has been explained.
A study effecting of the Power settings for Holmium - YAG laser on lithotripsy time Intra corporeal
Authors: Nazal Ferial. Y. , Al Husseini Hussein , Akal Hazim R. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Among the many devices for lithotripsy inside the body, the lithotripsy device using the Holmium-YAG laser has evolved into the widely used tool for treating urinary tract stones. Purpose: The aim of this research is to show the effect of parameters for Ho-YAG laser (2100 nm) on fragmentation time Intra Corporeal and stone composition for stone disease through is to investigating of stone composition and setting pulsed holmium laser energy with calculating time period for crushing stone. Patients & Methods: from the period of March 2020 to august. 2020 a 63 patient were selected to include in this study (outcome of surgery for lithotripsy ureteral stone below 17 mm by laser) has been 10-85 years for male and female collected from the Hussein Teaching hospital department of urology. using Ho- YAG laser irradiation wave length 2.12 μw interaction absorption coefficient (30 cm-1) at maximum output power 0.5-1.2J for width of the laser pulse is 350 microseconds in an optical fiber with a diameter of 272-550 microns with an energy of 0.8 - 1.2 joules at 6-10 hertz. The samples obtained were selection collections of fragments retrieved following lithotripsy. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical compositions of urinary stones that had been removed, Use infrared spectroscopy Within the range (400-4000) cm-1 using a (Bruker FTIR - Spectrometer) device. Results: This study show mean stone size below 14 mm was (2.758±0.919) mm for First group of 21 stones of the same composition ( oxalate calcium ) with pulse energies of o.8, 1.2 and 1.2 J with repetition rate was 6, 8 and 10 HZ respectively for ureteric stone which included 12 male 57.14 % with 9 female 42.85 %. second groups of 21 stones of the same composition (Uric acid) with pulse energies of o.8, 1.2 and 1.2 J with repetition rate was 6, 8 and 10 Hz respectively for ureteric stone below 17 mm which comprised 13 male 61.9 % with 8 female 38.09 % Third group of 21 stones of the same composition (Struvite Stones) with pulse energies of o.8, 1.2 and 1.2 J with repetition rate was 6, 8 and 10 HZ respectively for ureteric stone below 16 mm which included 11 male 52.3 % with 10 female 47.61 % Conclusion: That Ho-YAG Laser lithotripsy of ureteral stones is an excellent treatment method, which is related to the period of time required for fragmentation with the type of stones and the different laser settings used.
Spectroscopic Study for Effect of Heating Temperatures on the Black Seed Oil
Authors: Abd Nawras k. , Chiad Bahaa T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The existing investigation explains the effect of temperature on black seed oil, what are the changes that occur to the oil when it is heated to a temperature higher than (100 C°), and what is the effect of that change on human health when using this oil.it was heated to several temperatures ranging from (30 C°) to (150 C°). The absorbance of the samples was measured before and after heating using the UFI device. The intensity was also measured by irradiating each sample using a red laser. It has been found that when the oil is heated to a temperature higher than 100 C°, a change occurs in the composition of the oil with a change in its physical properties such as color, smell, taste … etc. and the formation of another compound, and the new compound may be toxic.
Enhancement The Properties of Aluminum by Adding Boron Carbide by the Powder method
Authors: Ibraheem Ahmed M. , Allah Sabah Mahmoud Aman , Darweesh Salih Y. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPowder technology can be used in many different applications that require strength in durability and lightness in weight such as aircraft parts and internal combustion engines, the current work includes this technology to produce models from a mineral base of (Al) aluminum and reinforced with Al2O3with a fixed rate of 5%, and with different proportions of boron carbide. B4C is (0,5,10,15,20) %. The preparation process was done by mixing the powders for three consecutive times (2,4,6) hours using of a homemade mill containing steel powder and steel balls, a hydraulic press was used for the purpose of the formation of samples at a pressure of (100 bar) and for a time of one minute, and the sintering process was carried out at 560°C and for a time of two hours by means of an English furnace of origin. Included (true density and porosity), the results showed that the X-ray diffraction between the identity of the materials used is clearly observed, noting that the intensity of the phases increases with each grinding time and that the true density decreases with the increase of the support ratios while the real porosity is the one that increases with Each increase in cementing ratios, as for the hardness, was increased with the increase in cementing ratios, and it was thus found that the best grinding time gave good physical, mechanical and structural properties was six hours, and the best reinforcement percentage wear 20% B4C when sintering at 560°C.
Use of Bees Colony algorithm to allocate and improve reliability of complex network
Authors: Abdullah Ghazi , Hassan Zahir Abdul Haddi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe allocation of reliability and optimization for each part of the complex system has been determined in this paper, in order to solve the problem of allocation and to improve network stability we will use Bees Colony Optimization (BCO). The three cost functions are also introduced (exponential behavior with feasibility factor model, exponential behavior model and logarithmic model). After solving the allocation problem. The aim of this paper is to compare the effects of the three cost functions using Bees Colony algorithm in terms of reliability allocation and optimization to determine which is more efficient.
A modified technique to compute the minimal path sets for the reliability of complex network
Authors: Abd Alsharify Fouad Hamza , Mudhar Ghufran Aziz , Haddi Hassan Zahir Abdul 
Published: September 2021

AbstractConsider a complex network whose components either work or fail, there probabilities are known. Our paper study two methods for the exact computation of the reliability network, the first one is a decomposition method which may be used even after the community can go through no further modular decomposition, is based on a partition the vertices of network into sets that can be analyzed them sequentially. This method involves choosing one component as a key and then calculate the reliability network twice the first when the key work and the other if the key failed. These two probabilities are then combined to obtain the reliability network. The second method is inclusion-exclusion method which is one of the earliest techniques to compute complex network reliability expressions using the probability laws. We get the same polynomial by using two methods. In both methods, we need to calculate all of the minimum paths so we calculated them by use the adjacency matrix.
The maximum order statistic of doubly truncated Inverted Gamma distribution
Authors: Abid Salah H. , Kadhim Fadhl J. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Dealing with phenomena is developing rapidly as a result of the evaluation of the phenomena themselves. Some phenomena benefit us from the maximum values within a certain period as a variable, for example the highest electricity load, the largest stretch of the beach, the longest period of a specific disease in the patient’s body and so on. In this paper, we present the distribution of Maximum order statistic from doubly truncated Inverted Gamma distribution (MOSDTIGD). The rth raw moments function form derives for new density. Stress-strength reliability, Shannon and relative entropies have also been discussed.
A compact Fourth-Order Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta Type Method for Solving Diffusive Lotka–Volterra System
Authors: Sabawi Younis A. , Pirdawood Mardan A. , Sadeeq Mohammed I. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper aims to developed a high-order and accurate method for the solution of one-dimensional Lotka-Volterra-diffusion with Numman boundary conditions. A fourth-order compact finite difference scheme for spatial part combined with implicit-explicit Runge Kutta scheme in temporal are proposed. Furthermore, boundary points are discretized by using a compact finite difference scheme in terms of fourth order accuracy. A key idea for proposed scheme is to take full advantage of method of line (MOL), this is consequently enabling us to use implicit-explicit Runge Kutta method, that are of fourth order in time. We constructed fourth order accuracy in both space and time and is unconditionally stable. This is consequently leading to a reduction in the computational cost of the scheme. Numerical experiments show that the combination of the compact finite difference with IMEX- RK methods give an accurate and reliable for solving the Lotka-Volterra-diffusion.
£-Smarandache Pseudo Fresh and fantastic Fuzzy Ideal of a pseudo BH –algebra.
Authors: Atshan Falah Mahdi , Mshachal J.K. , Majdi A.Q. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper introduces the idea of £-Smarandache pseudo fuzzy ideal of a pseudo BH–algebra. Some suggestions and examples are given to comprehend the features of this idea and to decide the connected aspects among them with the £-Smarandache pseudo ideal of a pseudo BH–algebra.
Secret Keys Extraction Using Light Weight Schemes for Data Ciphering
Authors: Hussein Sahar Najah , Al-Alak Saif Mahmood 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
One of the most essential methods used to provide security services is encryption. One key is used for encoding in symmetric encryption. The symmetric encryption depends on the encryption block, switching, and replacing. Therefore, it is a problem if the received secret keys from protocols are frequents in some states or they have less randomness. In this paper, a Light Weight Multiple Key Generating (LWM) is proposed to generate the secret keys which are using Light Weight Schemes (LWS). In this work, six experiments are implemented. Three LWA are utilized, which are Xtea, RC5, and Tea algorithms. The SHA2 hash function is used to merge the chains. The diehard test is used in all experiments to determine the randomness of the secret key produced. The entropy is a measure of the uncertainty of a random variable.
Using Unique Node ID TO Control IPv6 ID Spoofing
Authors: Ali Maytham Hakim , Al-Alak Saif 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Intemet Protocol (IP) has a resent version knowns as (IPv6). Computers on networks could be located and identified via IP. Meanwhile, by monitoring the routing data traffic across internet. Protecting an Identity of IPV6 Packet against ID Spoofing Based on Cryptographic and Steganography techniques are proposed. One of the most considered point is the reliable communication by using security side especially in IPv6 network applications. The faced problems in general cases are DoS attack, IP-Spoofing, and commonly passive attacks types. In this paper an approach is suggested depending on generate an unique identity for each node randomly. In this work, nine experiments are implemented, which are the proposed method based on generate ipv6 address, which is passed to the chaotic logistic map and RSA function with SHA 2. The results show the proposed system provides high randomness for generated ID, and it hides identity of node inside packet.
Study on the optical and structure properties of TiO2 for different thickness prepared by spray pyrolysis
Authors: Abdullah Muhaj T. , Dagher Hala F. , Abd Ahmed N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Thin films TiO2 prepared by thermal pyrolysis technique were examined for different thickness (75 to 375 step 75 nm). The results showed that the best transfer was 75 nm (89%), the allowable direct transfer calculation is equal to (3.4- 3.68 eV).
Enhancing Photovoltaic Performance of Porous Silicon Solar Cells with Al2O3 Nanoparticles prepared by electrolysis method
Authors: Khalifa M.J. , Jaduaa Alzubaidy Muneer H. , Abd Ahmed N. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work nanocrystalline porous silicon (PSi) prepared by electrochemical etching of p type silicon wafers. PSi is characterised by means of XRD, FTIR and AFM. Crystallites length become expected with the aid of X-Ray diffraction. Atomic Force microscopy confirmed the nanometric size. Colloidal Al2O3 nanoparticles prepared via electrolysis method and deposited using drop-casting method as a thin film. The structural, morphological, optical homes of Al2O3 NPs were investigated. The effect of Al2O3 NPs diffusion at the holes of PSi sun mobile have stated which exhibits an improvement in (Ag/Al2O3/PSi/Si/Al) solar cell performance.
Nonlinear characterization and optical switching of Acid red 27 dye
Authors: Jawad Amenah Jamal , Salman Qussay Mohammed , Jassim Jassim Mohammed 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper the linear and nonlinear optical properties(n2, β), also switching behavior of Acid Red 27 by Z-scan technique is used to study the nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction behavior of the organic dye Acid Red of laser at 532 nm with 5.26 mW, Where the value of the nonlinear absorption coefficient of the highest concentration 10-4 is 1.558*10-3(cm/W) and the value of the nonlinear refractive index was of the highest concentration 10-4 is 8.362*10-7 (cm2/W )and. The results show the behavior of Acid Red 27 is saturable also the dye have negative refractive index (self -defocusing)for all concentration studied according to the nonlinear results the behavior of optical switch have been studied by using laser at 532 nm as a pump and 632.8 nm as a prop, where it is observed that the amplitude of prop laser decreases with increasing modulation frequency. The effect of intensity and concentration on the number of diffraction rings was also studied, the results show the number of ring increased with increasing intensity of laser and concentration of dye.
Investigation of a dynamically positioned floating offshore wind turbine concept
Authors: Alwan R , Babarit A , Gilloteaux J C 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The dynamically positioned wind turbine concept consists of a floating platform equipped with a wind turbine and propellers. In contrast to a conventional floating offshore wind turbine, it has no moorings. Instead, the propellers are used to keep the wind turbine stationary. It may also be equipped with an on-board energy storage system (e.g. batteries, hydrogen, etc.) to avoid grid-connection. This concept is well suited for deployment in the far-offshore, where grid-connection and installation operations are challenging.
As the propellers which are used to control the position of the wind turbine require power supply, the aim of this study is to investigate whether and in what conditions there can be a positive net power production. To this end, we have developed a velocity and power prediction program (VPPP) to estimate the power consumed by the propellers and the power generated by the wind turbine, as a function of wind conditions, and design parameters (e.g. diameter of the wind turbine and characteristics of the propellers rotors). The VPPP is based on Newton’s first law of motion. The forces applied on the system are: the wind turbine thrust, the mean wave drift, and the propellers thrust.
Inspired by an existing floating offshore wind concept, an example design has been developed. The diameter of the wind turbine’s rotor is 78 m. Its rated power is 2 MW. The wind turbine is mounted on a 40 m square barge. The diameter of the propellers’ rotor is 6 m. Using the VPPP, the power performance of this example design has been investigated as function of wind conditions. The maximum generated power is 0.89 MW. It is obtained for a true wind speed of 13.4 m/s. If deployed in the Northern Atlantic Ocean, this design could achieve a capacity factor of 15%, which is low in comparison to the 70% capacity factor which would be achieved by a moored floating offshore wind turbine if deployed at the same location.
Verification of interface between an aeroelastic code and a time domain Rankine solver for completing structural analysis of floating wind turbine foundation design
Authors: Bakhshandehrostami Ali , Han Kai-Jia , Parkinson Steven , Alblas Laurens , Collier William , Sun Flora C.W. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study is to verify a new interface between an aeroelastic code, Bladed, and a 3D potential flow solver, Sesam’s Wasim. The interface is developed to transfer floater kinematics and sea state from a fully-coupled time domain simulation of a floating wind turbine into a 3D time domain potential flow solver to compute a time history of the pressure distribution on the foundation, and at the same time transfer the loads of wind turbine and mooring forces calculated in the coupled analysis. The pressure distribution, together with the other loads, can then be used for performing the structural analysis and post-processing of the floater. The functionality of the interface has been verified with various test cases. The verification study shows that the interface works properly.
Reliability of an offshore wind turbine with an uncertain S-N curve
Authors: Drexler Sebastian , Muskulus Michael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Probabilistic methods in wind turbine design are becoming more important in order to achieve a higher and more economic utilization of the structural resources. A design is thereby evaluated through its reliability by taking uncertainties into account. The influence of uncertainties emerging specifically within the fatigue limit state can be essential on a structure’s reliability. For that reason, this study investigates two different sources for uncertainties within probabilistic fatigue design. The influence of a reduced approach, where the random behavior of a structural failure is only represented through an uncertain critical Miner sum, is compared to an approach, where also the S-N curve is subjected to uncertainties. For this, an offshore wind turbine with monopile support structure is investigated. The reliability analysis is performed through crude Monte Carlo simulations which utilize a Gaussian Process regression model in order to determine the wind turbine’s structural response. The results show that both sources of uncertainties, the critical Miner sum and the S-N curve, contribute differently to the overall reliability. Uncertainties of the critical Miner sum have a rather small influence, whereas the implementation of an uncertain S-N curve leads to a noticeable increase of the reliability.