bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Has Korean growth become greener? Spatial econometric evidence for energy use and renewable energy
Authors: Hille Erik , Lambernd Bernhard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUsing province-level data for South Korea, we analyze the dynamic relationship between economic growth and several energy parameters. Specifically, we decompose the growth effect into scale, composition, and technique effects, and control for regional spillovers through the use of a dynamic GMM estimator for spatial panel data models. The analyzed period, ranging from 2000 to 2017, allows us to look for changes in the regional growth effects following the implementation of the National Strategy for Green Growth in 2009. Our estimates show that the scale and composition effect tended to increase both per capita final energy use and energy intensity, outweighing reductions through the technique effect. In contrast, when considering renewable energy production, the scale and technique effect increased and the composition effect decreased the corresponding figures. Thereby, the technique effect was the main driver of increases in renewable energy production. Despite the larger, yet comparatively small share of renewables in Korea’s energy mix, no considerable change of the growth effects can be observed since 2009. Therefore, to reduce the risks for the economy and achieve the political objectives of the green growth strategy throughout the whole country and in a timely manner, a stronger commitment seems to be required.
Relativistic positioning: including the influence of the gravitational action of the Sun and the Moon and the Earth’s oblateness on Galileo satellites
Authors: Colmenero Neus Puchades , Córdoba José Vicente Arnau , Fullana i Alfonso Màrius Josep 
Published: July 2021

AbstractUncertainties in the satellite world lines lead to dominant positioning errors. In the present work, using the approach presented in Puchades and Sáez (Astrophys. Space Sci. 352, 307–320, 2014), a new analysis of these errors is developed inside a great region surrounding Earth. This analysis is performed in the framework of the so-called Relativistic Positioning Systems (RPS). Schwarzschild metric is used to describe the satellite orbits corresponding to the Galileo Satellites Constellation. Those orbits are circular with the Earth as their centre. They are defined as the nominal orbits. The satellite orbits are not circular due to the perturbations they have and to achieve a more realistic description such perturbations need to be taken into account. In Puchades and Sáez (Astrophys. Space Sci. 352, 307–320, 2014) perturbations of the nominal orbits were statistically simulated. Using the formula from Coll et al. (Class. Quantum Gravity. 27, 065013, 2010) a user location is determined with the four satellites proper times that the user receives and with the satellite world lines. This formula can be used with any satellite description, although photons need to travel in a Minkowskian space-time. For our purposes, the computation of the photon geodesics in Minkowski space-time is sufficient as demonstrated in Puchades and Sáez (Adv. Space Res. 57, 499–508, 2016). The difference of the user position determined with the nominal and the perturbed satellite orbits is computed. This difference is defined as the U-error. Now we compute the perturbed orbits of the satellites considering a metric that takes into account the gravitational effects of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun and also the Earth oblateness. A study of the satellite orbits in this new metric is first introduced. Then we compute the U-errors comparing the positions given with the Schwarzschild metric and the metric introduced here. A Runge-Kutta method is used to solve the satellite geodesic equations. Some improvements in the computation of the U-errors using both metrics are introduced with respect to our previous works. Conclusions and perspectives are also presented.
Custody and Care of Children in Spain: Can the Two Rights be Reconciled?
Authors: Jabbaz Churba Marcela 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study aims to analyse the legal decision-making process in the Community of Valencia (Spain) regarding contentious divorces particularly with respect to parental authority (patria potestas), custody and visiting arrangements for children, and the opinions of mothers and fathers on the impact these judicial measures have had on their lives. It also considers the biases in these decisions produced by privileging the rights of the adults over those of the children. Three particular moments are studied: (1) the situation before the break-up, focusing on the invisible gender gap in care; (2) the judicial process, where we observe the impact of hidden gender-based violence and gender stereotypes; and (3) the situation post-decision, showing how any existing violence continues after divorce, by means of parental authority. The concept of ‘motherhood under threat’ is placed at the centre of these issues, where children’s voices are given the least attention.
University Virtual Learning in Covid Times
Authors: Marín-Díaz Verónica , Reche Eloísa , Martín Javier 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOnline training is demanded in the ubiquitous society we live in, and this is especially true if we consider the current situation at universities due to the Government issuing a state of alarm decree which requests all citizens to remain at home. The goal of this study is to determine the opinion of university students from different Spanish campuses on e-learning platforms, by the means of a descriptive and correlational study design, with N = 431. The results reveal that there is still a long road ahead to ensure that these tools work optimally to enable professors to fully exert their teaching profession. We can conclude that the online teaching system needs to be improved regarding the technical service that the university offers.
The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Psychological Distress in Family Caregivers of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disability in the UK
Authors: Gillespie-Smith Karri , McConachie Doug , Ballantyne Carrie , Auyeung Bonnie , Goodall Karen 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCaregivers of a child with a neurodevelopmental disability are more vulnerable to mental health difficulties. These difficulties are influenced by the child’s challenging behaviours, and the caregiver’s coping strategies; factors impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. An online mixed methods survey was conducted on caregivers of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities (n = 43) and children who are typically developing (n = 67). The results showed that presence of challenging behaviours related to neurodevelopmental disability, and caregiver coping strategies predicted caregiver psychological distress during lockdown. Themes that emerged included ‘confusing messages and guidance’, ‘loss of freedom’ and ‘unsupported and forgotten’. The results demonstrate the pressing need for the implementation of appropriate support to protect the mental health of caregivers across the UK.
Multitask machine learning models for predicting lipophilicity (logP) in the SAMPL7 challenge
Authors: Lenselink Eelke B. , Stouten Pieter F. W. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccurate prediction of lipophilicity—logP—based on molecular structures is a well-established field. Predictions of logP are often used to drive forward drug discovery projects. Driven by the SAMPL7 challenge, in this manuscript we describe the steps that were taken to construct a novel machine learning model that can predict and generalize well. This model is based on the recently described Directed-Message Passing Neural Networks (D-MPNNs). Further enhancements included: both the inclusion of additional datasets from ChEMBL (RMSE improvement of 0.03), and the addition of helper tasks (RMSE improvement of 0.04). To the best of our knowledge, the concept of adding predictions from other models (Simulations Plus logP and logD@pH7.4, respectively) as helper tasks is novel and could be applied in a broader context. The final model that we constructed and used to participate in the challenge ranked 2/17 ranked submissions with an RMSE of 0.66, and an MAE of 0.48 (submission: Chemprop). On other datasets the model also works well, especially retrospectively applied to the SAMPL6 challenge where it would have ranked number one out of all submissions (RMSE of 0.35). Despite the fact that our model works well, we conclude with suggestions that are expected to improve the model even further.
Material modeling of frequency, magnetic field and strain dependent response of magnetorheological elastomer
Authors: Poojary Umanath R. , Gangadharan K. V. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAccurate modeling of material behavior is very critical for the success of magnetorheological elastomer-based semi-active control device. The material property of magnetorheological elastomer is sensitive to the frequency, magnetic field and the input strain. Additionally, these properties are unique for a particular combination of matrix and the filler loading. An experimental-based characterization approach is costly and time consuming as it demands a large amount of experimental data. This process can be simplified by adopting material modeling approach. The material modeling of magnetorheological elastomer is an extension of conventional viscoelastic constitutive relations coupled with hysteresis and magnetic field sensitive attributes. In the present study, a mathematical relation to represent the frequency, magnetic field and strain dependent behavior of magnetorheological elastomer is presented. The viscoelastic behavior is represented by a fractional zener element and the magnetic field and strain dependent attributes incorporated in the model by a magnetic spring and linearized Bouc-–Wen element, respectively. The proposed model comprised of a total of eight parameters, which are identified by minimizing the least square error between the model predicted and the experimental response. The variations of each parameter with respect to the operating conditions are represented by a generalized expression. The parameters estimated from the generalized expression are used to assess the ability of the model in describing the dynamic response of magnetorheological elastomer. The proposed model effectively predicted the stiffness characteristics with an accuracy, more than 94.3% and the corresponding accuracy in predicting the damping properties is above 90.1%. This model is capable of fitting the experimental value with a fitness value of more than 93.22%.
Are Religiosity and Spirituality Related to Self-Reported Health Expectancy? An Analysis of the European Values Survey
Authors: Libby Gillian , Zimmer Zachary , Kingston Andrew , Haviva Clove , Chiu Chi-Tsun , Ofstedal Mary Beth , Saito Yasuhiko , Jagger Carol 
Published: July 2021

AbstractResearch on religiosity and health has generally focussed on the United States, and outcomes of health or mortality but not both. Using the European Values Survey 2008, we examined cross-sectional associations between four dimensions of religiosity/spirituality: attendance, private prayer, importance of religion, belief in God; and healthy life expectancy (HLE) based on self-reported health across 47 European countries (n = 65,303 individuals). Greater levels of private prayer, importance of religion and belief in God, at a country level, were associated with lower HLE at age 20, after adjustment for confounders, but only in women. The findings may explain HLE inequalities between European countries.
Influence of organosilicon admixtures on the hydration of Portland cement
Authors: Grabowska Kalina , Koniorczyk Marcin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe impact of three different organosilicon compounds: poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), potassium methylsiliconate (MESI) and triethoxyoctylsilane (OTES), used as integral admixtures, on Portland cement hydration has been investigated by isothermal calorimetry and DTA-TG analysis. The silicon-based compounds are widely used as internal hydrophobic agents added into batch water; therefore, their effectiveness was investigated by means of capillary water absorption test. The isothermal calorimetry was used to measure the rate and amount of heat released during ordinary Portland cement hydration with integral organosilicon admixtures at 20 °C, 30 °C, 40 °C and 50 °C. It allowed to determine the activation energy as well. The results indicate that used admixtures (except MESI admixture) decrease in the rate and amount of heat release during cement hydration. In addition, it is noticeable that the addition of MESI admixture significantly prolongs the induction period and delays hydration. In contrast to MESI and OTES admixtures, PDMS-based admixture does not affect significant on the activation energy. DTA-TG analysis had shown differences between reference sample and samples containing organosilicon admixtures during thermal decomposition, in terms of the amount of moisture and bound water, as well as Ca(OH)2or carbonates. The results presented in this paper enable a better understanding of the interactions between the organosilicon integral admixtures and the cement matrix. The study shows the effect of integral admixtures on cement hydration and thus the potential effect on the final properties of the cement-based material.
Concept drift detection and adaptation for federated and continual learning
Authors: Casado Fernando E. , Lema Dylan , Criado Marcos F. , Iglesias Roberto , Regueiro Carlos V. , Barro Senén 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSmart devices, such as smartphones, wearables, robots, and others, can collect vast amounts of data from their environment. This data is suitable for training machine learning models, which can significantly improve their behavior, and therefore, the user experience. Federated learning is a young and popular framework that allows multiple distributed devices to train deep learning models collaboratively while preserving data privacy. Nevertheless, this approach may not be optimal for scenarios where data distribution is non-identical among the participants or changes over time, causing what is known asconcept drift. Little research has yet been done in this field, but this kind of situation is quite frequent in real life and poses new challenges to both continual and federated learning. Therefore, in this work, we present a new method, called Concept-Drift-Aware Federated Averaging (CDA-FedAvg). Our proposal is an extension of the most popular federated algorithm, Federated Averaging (FedAvg), enhancing it for continual adaptation under concept drift. We empirically demonstrate the weaknesses of regular FedAvg and prove that CDA-FedAvg outperforms it in this type of scenario.
Pituitary Society Delphi Survey: An international perspective on endocrine management of patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenomas
Authors: Tritos Nicholas A. , Fazeli Pouneh K. , McCormack Ann , Mallea-Gil Susana M. , Pineyro Maria M. , Christ-Crain Mirjam , Frara Stefano , Labadzhyan Artak , Ioachimescu Adriana G. , Shimon Ilan , Takahashi Yutaka , Gurnell Mark , Fleseriu Maria ,   for the “Pituitary Society Delphi Collaborative Group”, Bancos Irina , Bidlingmaier Martin , Biermasz Nienke , Boguszewski Cesar Luiz , Brzana Jessica , Carmichael John , Chanson Philippe , Drincic Andjela , Eisenberg Yuval , Fukuoka Hidenori , Gadelha Monica , Ghalib Luma , Gordon Murray , Greenman Yona , Guarda Francisco , Hinojosa-Amaya Miguel , Ho Ken , Ilie Mirela-Diana , Karavitaki Niki , Katznelson Larry , Keleştimur Fahrettin , Lacroix Andre , Langlois Fabienne , Lim Dawn , Neggers Sebastian , Niculescu Dan , Petersenn Stephan , Pivonello Rosario , Raverot Gerald , Ross Richard , Salvatori Roberto , Scaroni Carla , Shafiq Ismat , Sharma Susmeeta , Tabarin Antoine , Tsagarakis Stylianos , Valassi Elena , Vila Greisa , Wierman Maggie 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeIn adults and children, transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) represents the cornerstone of management for most large or functioning sellar lesions with the exception of prolactinomas. Endocrine evaluation and management are an essential part of perioperative care. However, the details of endocrine assessment and care are not universally agreed upon.MethodsTo build consensus on the endocrine evaluation and management of adults undergoing TSS, a Delphi process was used. Thirty-five statements were developed by the Pituitary Society’s Education Committee. Fifty-five pituitary endocrinologists, all members of the Pituitary Society, were invited to participate in two Delphi rounds and rate their extent of agreement with statements pertaining to perioperative endocrine evaluation and management, using a Likert-type scale. Anonymized data on the proportion of panelists’ agreeing with each item were summarized. A list of items that achieved consensus, based on predefined criteria, was tabulated.ResultsStrong consensus (≥ 80% of panelists rating their agreement as 6–7 on a scale from 1 to 7) was achieved for 68.6% (24/35) items. If less strict agreement criteria were applied (ratings 5–7 on the Likert-type scale), consensus was achieved for 88% (31/35) items.ConclusionsWe achieved consensus on a large majority of items pertaining to perioperative endocrine evaluation and management using a Delphi process. This provides an international real-world clinical perspective from an expert group and facilitates a framework for future guideline development. Some of the items for which consensus was not reached, including the assessment of immediate postoperative remission in acromegaly or Cushing’s disease, represent areas where further research is needed.
Quantifying emotionally grounded discursive knowledge with cognitive-affective maps
Authors: Luthardt Jasmin , Morgan Jonathan Howard , Bormann Inka , Schröder Tobias 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBelief systems matter for all kinds of human social interaction. People have individual cognitions and feelings concerning processes in their environment, which is why they may evaluate them differently. Belief systems can be visualized with cognitive-affective maps (CAMs; as reported by Thagard (in: McGregor (ed) EMPATHICA: A computer support system with visual representations for cognitive-affective mapping, AAAI Press, CA, 2010)). However, it is unclear whether CAMs can be constructed in an intersubjective way by different researchers attempting to map the beliefs of a third party based on qualitative text data. To scrutinize this question, we combined qualitative strategies and quantitative methods of text and network analysis in a case study examining belief networks aboutparticipation.Our data set consists of 10 sets of two empirical CAMs: the first CAM was created based on participants’ freely associating concepts related to participation in education (N = 10), the second one was created based on given text data which the participants represented as a CAM following a standardized instruction manual (N = 10). Both CAM-types were compared along three dimensions of similarity (network similarity, concept association similarity, affective similarity). On all dimensions of similarity, there was substantially higher intersubjective agreement in the text-based CAMs than in the free CAMs, supporting the viability of cognitive affective mapping as an intersubjective research method for studying the emotional coherence of belief systems and discursive knowledge. In addition, this study highlights the potential for identifying group-level differences based on how participants associate concepts.
Health-related quality of life in primary hepatic cancer: a systematic review assessing the methodological properties of instruments and a meta-analysis comparing treatment strategies
Authors: Wohlleber Kerstin , Heger Patrick , Probst Pascal , Engel Christoph , Diener Markus K. , Mihaljevic André L. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Patient-reported outcomes including health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are important oncological outcome measures. The validation of HRQoL instruments for patients with hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma is lacking. Furthermore, studies comparing different treatment options in respect to HRQoL are sparse. The objective of the systematic review and meta-analysis was, therefore, to identify all available HRQoL tools regarding primary liver cancer, to assess the methodological quality of these HRQoL instruments and to compare surgical, interventional and medical treatments with regard to HRQoL.

Methods
A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, the Cochrane library, PsycINFO, CINAHL and EMBASE. The methodological quality of all identified HRQoL instruments was performed according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurements INstruments (COSMIN) standard. Consequently, the quality of reporting of HRQoL data was assessed. Finally, wherever possible HRQoL data were extracted and quantitative analyses were performed.

Results
A total of 124 studies using 29 different HRQoL instruments were identified. After the methodological assessment, only 10 instruments fulfilled the psychometric criteria and could be included in subsequent analyses. However, quality of reporting of HRQoL data was insufficient, precluding meta-analyses for 9 instruments.

Conclusion
Using a standardized methodological assessment, specific HRQoL instruments are recommended for use in patients with hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma. HRQoL data of patients undergoing treatment of primary liver cancers are sparse and reporting falls short of published standards. Meaningful comparison of established treatment options with regard to HRQoL was impossible indicating the need for future research.
A Closed-form Solution for Source-term Emission of Xenon Isotopes from Underground Nuclear Explosions
Authors: Sun Yunwei , Carrigan Charles , Cassata William , Hao Yue , Ezzedine Souheil , Antoun Tarabay 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIsotopic ratios of radioactive xenons sampled in the subsurface and atmosphere can be used to detect underground nuclear explosions (UNEs) and civilian nuclear reactors. Disparities in the half-lives of the radioactive decay chains are principally responsible for time-dependent concentrations of xenon isotopes. Contrasting timescales, combined with modern detection capabilities, make the xenon isotopic family a desirable surrogate for UNE detection. However, without including the physical details of post-detonation cavity changes that affect radioxenon evolution and subsurface transport, a UNE is treated as an idealized system that is both closed and well mixed for estimating xenon isotopic ratios and their correlations so that the spatially dependent behavior of xenon production, cavity leakage, and transport are overlooked. In this paper, we developed a multi-compartment model with radioactive decay and interactions between compartments. The model does not require the detailed domain geometry and parameterization that is normally needed by high-fidelity computer simulations, but can represent nuclide evolution within a compartment and migration among compartments under certain conditions. The closed-form solution to all nuclides in the series 131–136 is derived using analytical singular-value decomposition. The solution is further used to express xenon ratios as functions of time and compartment position.