bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peer-led Theoretically Desinged HIV/AIDS Prevention Intervention Among Students: A Case Of Health Belief Model
Authors: Joorbonyan Hoda , Mohtasham Ghaffari , Sakineh Rakhshanderou 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background & Aim: HIV/AIDS is one of the most dangerous viruses known in the world. In addition, considering its fatality rate and high cost of care, it is a serious threat to the health and economy of social communities. Adolescents are one of the high-risk groups. One of the most effective ways to prevent this disease is to promote healthcare, raise awareness, and change health-related beliefs and attitudes. This study aims at determining the effect of peer education, based on the health belief model, on the preventative measures against AIDS adopted by girls. Methods & Materials: In this empirical-interventionist study two schools were randomly selected, one of which was considered as the intervention group and the other as the control group. The classes were also randomly selected and 80 students from each school took part in the project following the entry criterion. A questionnaire with acceptable validity and reliability was used to collect data. In this study a few bright students were chosen as peer educators after being trained. The intervention group received 4 sessions of 60-minute education through training, lectures, question and answer, and group discussion. The posttest was administered two months after the treatment. The data was fed into the SPSS 16. Finally, T-test, Chi-Square, and ANCOVA were employed to analyze the data. 2 Results: The average scores obtained from the intervention group and the control group were not significantly different in terms of awareness level, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, behavioral intention, and pre-intervention behavior (P˃0.05). Two months after the intervention there was a significant increase in the average scores of all the variables in the experimental group (P>0.05). However, there was no significant change in the scores of the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Following a health belief model focusing on peer eduaction among high school girls, the intervention eduaction can affect awareness level, susceptibility, severity, benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, behavioral intention, and finally avoidance of high-risk behavior.
Effect of short-time irrigation with industrial poultry wastewater on young olive tree (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali) growth parameters and the chemical composition of leaves
Authors: Oueslati Amira , Montevecchi Giuseppe , Antonelli Andrea , Mansour Hedi Ben 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term irrigation effect with industrial poultry wastewater on young olive trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali). Industrial poultry wastewater can be considered as a bio-fertilizer due to its richness in nutritive elements (SO42−, HCO3−, total nitrogen and K+). The physico-chemical analysis of wastewater showed a high concentration of TSS, COD, BOD, COT, NO3−, and conductivity. Measurements indicated that poultry wastewater enhanced plant growth, leaves dry matter, and ashes in comparison with tap water, as well as poultry wastewater diluted with tap water, however, a decrease in total soluble sugars (glucose and fructose) was detected in leaves. The determination of fatty acid profile of young olive trees leaves irrigated with poultry wastewater showed richness on saturated fatty acids in comparison with mono- and poly-unsaturated ones. In addition, oleic acid (C18:1) presented the lowest content in leaves of trees irrigated with poultry wastewater irrigation. According to those results, poultry wastewater lends itself to being a hydric alternative and at the same time a source of nutrients that can help fill the water deficit in semi-arid countries and avoid costly waste disposal for slaughterhouses.
Tau AD fragment aggregates proliferate through autocatalytic secondary nucleation
Authors: Camargo Diana Rodriguez , Sileikis Eimantas , Chia Sean , Axell Emil , Bernfur Katja , Cataldi Rodrigo , Cohen Samuel , Meisl Georg , Habchi Johnny , Knowles Tuomas , Vendruscolo Michele , Linse Sara 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The self-assembly of the protein tau into neurofibrillary tangles is one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease and related tauopathies. Still, the molecular mechanism of tau aggregation is largely unknown. This problem may be addressed by systematically obtaining reproducible in vitro kinetic measurements under quiescent conditions in the absence of triggering substances. Here, we implement this strategy by developing protocols for obtaining an ultra-pure tau fragment (residues 304-380 of tau441, tau AD fragment) and for performing spontaneous aggregation assays with reproducible kinetics under quiescent conditions. We are thus able to identify the mechanism of fibril formation of the tau AD fragment at physiological pH using fluorescence spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. We find that primary nucleation is slow, and that secondary processes dominate the aggregation process once the initial aggregates are formed. Moreover, our results further show that secondary nucleation of monomers on fibril surfaces dominate over fragmentation of fibrils. Using separate isotopes in monomers and fibrils, through mass spectroscopy measurements, we verify the isotope composition of the intermediate oligomeric species, which reveals that these small aggregates are generated from monomer through secondary nucleation. Our results provide a framework for understanding the processes leading to tau aggregation in disease, and for selecting possible tau forms as targets in the development of therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer’s disease.
Improved Naive Bayes Classification Algorithm for Traffic Risk Management
Authors: Hua Rui , hu songhua , Chen Hong , Zhao Xiuju 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Naive Bayesian classification algorithm is widely used in big data analysis and other fields because of its simple and fast algorithm structure. Aiming at the shortcomings of naive Bayes classification algorithm, this paper uses feature weighting and Laplace calibration to improve it, and obtains the improved naive Bayes classification algorithm. Through numerical simulation, it is found that when the sample size is large, the accuracy of the improved naive Bayes classification algorithm is more than 99%, and it is very stable; when the sample attribute is less than 400 and the number of categories is less than 24, the accuracy of the improved naive Bayes classification algorithm is more than 95%. Through empirical research, it is found that the improved naive Bayes classification algorithm can greatly improve the correct rate of discrimination analysis from 49.5% to 92%. Through robustness analysis, the improved naive Bayes classification algorithm has higher accuracy.
Effects of Cell Aging on Proteomics and Post-translational Modifications of UMSCs
Authors: Wang Junyan , Zhao Keli , Chen Junhui , Chen Ling , Zhou Jinyu , Sun Qing , Li Yan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are thought to be critical for successful regenerative medicine and immunosuppressive therapy. However, long term culturing of MSCs is known to impair cellular function and induces aging of MSCs.MethodsTo investigate the cellular mechanisms involved in the aging of MSC cultures, we analyzed human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) exposed to different culture conditions (glucose concentrations were 5.5 mM/25 mM/40mM) for 7/30 days using tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling quantitative proteomics, analyzing posttranslational protein modifications and applying bioinformatics methods. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were clustered and functional annotated by Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotation tool. To identify the changes in N-glycans properties during culturing of hMSCs for either 7 or 30 days under three different glucose concentration, we analyzed the mesenchymal stem cell glycome using a mass spectrometry-based N-glycan profiling method.ResultsHere, we found that the morphology of hUMSCs during a long-term culturing period changed significantly compared with 7 days conditions. More specifically, we fund that a total of 66 proteins (fold change >1.50 and P-value <0.05 as criteria) were differentially expressed in long term culture hUMSCs, with 49 proteins upregulated and 17 proteins downregulated. Our GO analysis showed that aging exerts a side effect onUMSCs by affecting variable molecular functions and biological processes, such as lysosome organization, exopeptidase activity, hydrolase activity, glycosaminoglycan binding and post-translational protein modification. KEGG analysis demonstrated that differential abundance proteins were significantly enriched in lysosomes, renin-angiotensin system, other glycan degradation and autophagy. The results of glycosylation analysis showed that cell N-glycans is associated with aging.ConclusionIn conclusion, our comprehensive analysis revealed that the difference in differentially expressed proteins and post-translational protein modification levels between aging group vs control, which could provide a possible basis for aging and cell quality control study.
Adsorbent Minimisation for Removal of Ibuprofen from Water in a Two-Stage Batch Process
Authors: Farzaneh Hajar , Saththasivam Jayaprakash , McKay Gordon , Parthasarathy Prakash 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Pharmaceutical products in water, frequently referred to as personal pharmaceutical products, PCPPs are regarded as problematic emerging pollutants with the potential to cause damaging health and environmental impacts to several ecosystems. In this study, an acid activated carbon has been produced from waste date stones, the waste product obtained from the seedless date products manufacturing industry. This material has been used to remove the pharmaceutical compound ibuprofen from water with a high adsorption capacity of 126 mg ibuprofen per g waste date stone derived activated carbon. In order to optimise the use of the activated carbon, a design study has been performed to minimise the quantity of carbon needed using a two-stage batch adsorption system. Several variables have been inputted into the design model to test the model and compare the quantities of adsorbent required in the two-stage and the single stage systems under various conditions.
Why trees sleep? - explanations to diurnal branch movement
Authors: Junttila Samuli , Hölttä Teemu , Lindfors Lauri , Issaoui Aimad El , Vastaranta Mikko , Hyyppä Hannu , Puttonen Eetu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Physiological processes cause movements of tree stems and branches that follow a circadian rhythm, but there is a lack of quantitative understanding of the cause-and-effect relationships. We investigated the diurnal movement of tree branches using time-series of terrestrial laser scanning measurements coupled with measurements of environmental drivers and tree water status. Our results showed that diurnal movement of branches was largely explained by leaf water status. This conclusion was supported by the significantly lower overnight branch movement in leaf-off than leaf-on conditions. Our findings conclude that alteration in leaf water status causes systematic branch movements following a diurnal rhythm. Due to lower atmospheric water demand during the nighttime, tree branches settle down analogously to sleep as the amount of water in leaves is increasing. The results indicate that quantified movement of tree branches could help us to further monitor and understand the water relations of tree communities.
Referral Patterns To Pediatric Pulmonology For Asthma-Like Symptoms
Authors: Prynn Tory A. , Garland Gretchen , Mirea Lucia , Drewek Rupali 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: The decision to refer a sick child to a pediatric specialist is important for health care quality, however access to specialty care is worsening. Referrals from primary to specialty care are a critical first step in coordinating specialty care, but there are often shortcomings in the appropriateness, clarity, and completeness of referrals. This study aimed to characterize referrals for asthma-like symptoms to a pediatric pulmonology clinic, evaluate consult interventions, and identify opportunities for improving access. Methods: A retrospective chart review examined patients ages 5-18 years, referred to the pulmonology clinic at Phoenix Children’s Hospital between July 2016 and July 2019. Descriptive statistics summarized demographics, prior asthma diagnosis, ICS use and compliance, reason for referral and intervention during consult. An appropriate referral was defined as prior asthma and ICS Step 3. Results: The total 171 study subjects had mean (standard deviation) age of 9.4 (3.8) years, with 100 (58%) males, and prior asthma diagnosis in 105 (61%). The most common reason for pulmonology referral was asthma in 90 (53%) patients, of which 70 (78% of 90) had prior asthma. Among 105 patients with asthma, 79 (76%) had a history of ICS, with 33 (42% of 79) patients reporting spacer compliance issues. The rate of appropriate referrals was 0.11 (95% confidence interval: 0.06-0.16). During the pulmonology consult, nearly half 10 (53%) of 19 patients appropriately referred received an ICS step up. Among 151 inappropriate referrals, ICS was initiated for 91 (60%) and increased for 45 (30%). Education was provided to all patients during pulmonology consult. Conclusions: Mild-to-moderate asthma can be effectively treated by primary care providers (PCPs) with implementation of ICS, thus prioritizing healthcare resource utilization by enabling the pulmonologist to see higher acuity patients sooner. Further study is warranted to identify strategies and tools for PCPs to optimize asthma management.
Pulmonary Sequestration With Fungus Infection Presenting as Highly Elevated Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Authors: luo Wei , Hu Tong-chen , luo lincheng , Li Ya-lun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: Pulmonary sequestration (PS) associated with massive hemoptysis, hemothorax, and elevated tumor markers or even diagnosed with lung malignancy has been reported many times. But all these clinical features have never been reported in the patient diagnosed with PS without malignant disease.Case presentation: A 45-year-old man with PS presented with massive hemoptysis, hemothorax, extremely elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the pleural effusion, was initially misdiagnosed with advanced lung carcinoma, and was finally diagnosed with PS with Aspergillus infection.Conclusions: PS is rarely concurrent with lung cancer; most of the time, it is easily misdiagnosed as a malignancy, especially when presenting with a fungal infection, which could remarkably elevate CEA in the pleural effusion.
Identification of genetic sequence variations associated with the pathogenesis of X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome
Authors: Wang Wang , Ding Jun-Li , Zhu Yu-Lin , Huo Shao-Hu , Fang Lu-Lu , Jin Teng-Chuan , Shen Bing , Ding Sheng-Gang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background: X-Linked Hyper-IgM Syndrome (X-HIGM) is a rare genetic primary immunodeficiency disease caused by mutations of the CD40 ligand gene (CD40LG). It is characterized by normal or elevated levels of IgM and markedly decreased serum IgG, IgA, and IgE levels. Patients with this syndrome are often prone to infections. Environmental and genetic (especially genetic mutation) factors may play an important role in etiology, development, and pathogenesis of X-HIGM. Methods: DNA from a male child diagnosed as having X-HIGM and DNA from his healthy mother were used for whole-exome (next-generation) sequencing and targeted gene sequencing. The results were analyzed using Exome Aggregation Consortium data and the Genome Aggregation Database and were further validated using Sanger sequencing. Results: Next-generation sequencing results indicated that the CD40LG gene in the child had a p.R203I variant. In addition, his mother was a carrier, suggesting that the child’s p.R203I homozygous mutation was inherited from his mother. The functional prediction scores from SIFT, MetaSVM, and FATHMM software indicated that this genetic variant may be harmful. Conclusions: Single variations in many exons of the CD40LG gene can lead to X-HIGM. Although the pathogenicity of the variant identified in the present study has not been previously reported, prediction software found that it would be harmful. Thus, CD40LG may be related to this genetic disease. Despite these limitations, our findings provided insight into X-HIGM pathogenesis and suggested a potential target for therapeutic drug development.
Applying Hybrid Equal Channel Angular Pressing (HECAP) to pure copper using optimized Exp.-ECAP die
Authors: Öğüt Serkan , Kaya Hasan , Kentli Aykut , UÇAR Mehmet 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP), expansion equal channel angular pressing (Exp.-ECAP) and hybrid equal channel angular pressing (HECAP) processes were applied to pure copper specimens within this study. Before the ECAP and HECAP processes, an Exp.-ECAP mold with optimum geometric parameters was produced to be used in these processes. The samples, on which ECAP, Exp.-ECAP and HECAP processes were applied, were subjected to microstructure analysis and mechanical tests, and the effects of these processes were examined. The results obtained showed that the Exp.-ECAP process gave better results in grain refinement and mechanical properties, and the Exp.-ECAP passes applied after the ECAP process within the scope of the HECAP process provided a more homogeneous distribution for grain size and hardness.
Combination of gene set signatures correlates with response to nivolumab in platinum-resistant ovarian cancer
Authors: Murakami Ryusuke , Hamanishi Junzo , Brown J. B. , Abiko Kaoru , Yamanoi Koji , Taki Mana , Hosoe Yuko , Yamaguchi Ken , Baba Tsukasa , Matsumura Noriomi , Konishi Ikuo , Mandai Masaki 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background Based on our previous phase II clinical trial of anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibody nivolumab for platinum-resistant ovarian cancer (n=19, UMIN000005714), we aimed to identify the therapeutic response biomarkers to nivolumab in ovarian cancer. Methods Tumor gene expressions were evaluated by proliferative, mesenchymal, differentiated, and immunoreactive gene signatures derived from high-grade serous carcinomas in The Cancer Genome Atlas and a signature established prior to ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Gene sets were scored using the single-sample gene set enrichment analysis, and resulting scores were used to assess the correlation between each gene set and the clinical response to nivolumab therapy. Statistical analyses were performed to identify pathways differentially expressed by either the complete response (CR) or progressive disease (PD) groups. Results The clear cell gene signature significantly had higher score in the CR group, and the proliferative gene signature had significantly higher score in the PD group where nivolumab was not effective (respective p-values 0.005 and 0.026). Combinations of gene signatures improved correlation with response, where a projection of immunoreactive, proliferative, and clear cell signatures differentiated clinical response. Conclusion Ovarian cancer-specific gene signature and related pathway scores provide a preliminary indicator for ovarian cancer prior to receiving anti-PD-1 antibody therapy.
Influence of Natural Climate Variability on Extreme Wave Power over Indo-Pacific Ocean Assessed using ERA5
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Kaur Sukhwinder , Weller Evan , Young Ian R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In recent decades, wave power (WP) energy from the ocean is one of the cleanest renewable energy sources associated with oceanic warming. In Indo-Pacific Ocean, the WP is significantly influenced by natural climate variabilities, such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). In this study, the impact of major climate variability modes on seasonal extreme WP is examined over the period 1979–2019 using ERA5 reanalysis data and the non-stationary generalized extreme value analysis is applied to estimate the climatic extremes. Independent ENSO influence after removing the IOD trends (ENSO|IOD) on WP are evident over the eastern and central Pacific during December–February (DJF) and March–May (MAM), respectively, which subsequently shifts towards the western Pacific in June–August (JJA) and September–November (SON). The ENSO|PDO impact on WP exhibits similar yet weaker intensity year round compared to ENSO. Extreme WP responses due to the IOD|ENSO include widespread decreases over the tropical and eastern Indian Ocean (IO), with localized increases only over the South China and Philippine (SCP) seas and Bay of Bengal (BOB) during JJA, and the Arabian Sea during SON. Lastly, for the PDO|ENSO, the significant increases in WP are mostly confined to the Pacific, and most prominent in the North Pacific. Composite analysis of different phase combinations of PDO (IOD) with El Niño (La Niña) reveals stronger (weaker) influences year-round. The response patterns in significant wave height (SWH), peak wave period (PWP), sea surface temperatures (SST), and sea level pressure (SLP) helps to explain the seasonal variations in WP.
Survival-Associated Differentially Expressed Alternative Splicing Signatures Reveal Neuron Signaling and Metabolism-Related Processes in Glioblastoma
Authors: Ge Yanshan , Zhang Zhaoyu , Liu Qiang , Wu Minghua 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAlternative splicing (AS) is a molecular event that drives protein diversity by generating multiple mRNA isoforms. Increasing evidence shows that the differential expression of AS is related to tumorigenesis. However, a synthetic analysis for identifying the AS biomarkers attributed to glioblastoma (GBM) is mostly unexplored. MethodsAS percent-splice-in (PSI) data were obtained from the TCGA SpliceSeq database. We systematically and interactively analyzed differentially expressed alternative splicing (DEAS) events in GBM. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was successively performed to identify the overall survival (OS)-associated DEAS events, followed by the construction of DEAS predictor through different splicing patterns. Then, a nomogram that combines the final DEAS predictor and clinicopathological characteristics was established. Finally, a splicing regulatory network was created according to the correlation between the DEAS events and the splicing factors (SF). Summary illustrations show Figure1.ResultsA total of 2697 DEAS events detected in 2206 gene symbols consisted of 1054 upregulated DEAS events and 1643 downregulated DEAS events. Notably, these DEAS events are mainly involved in neuron-synapse signaling and metabolism-related processes in GBM. We identified 135 DEAS events that were substantially associated with the overall survival of GBM patients; for example, the alternate promoter (AP) of GSG1L and alternate terminator (AT) of CDKL3 were associated with poor prognosis, whereas AP of TMEM63, exon skip (ES) of CPEB4, AT of FAM13A, AT of OBSL1, AT of HNF1A, and AT of CCDC40 were associated with good prognosis. Following this, we constructed a potential splicing factor (SF)-AS regulatory network and identified nine key SFs, including ELAVL4, CELF3, CELF5, RBFOX1, YWHAH, STXBP1, CELF4, ELAVL2, and DNM1, which are mainly involved in RNA metabolism and insulin synthesis. ConclusionsIn summary, we demonstrated the role of DEAS events in the progression of GBM, providing a potential clinical biomarker and therapeutic reference for GBM.