bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal MdWRKY75 Associated With Sucrose Accumulation in Postharvest Apples With Bitter Pits
Authors: Sun Chen , Zhang Weiwei , Qu Haiyong , Yan Longfei , Li Lixia , Zhao Yuqi , Yang Hongqiang , Zhang Hua , yao gaifang , Hu Kangdi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Calcium (Ca) deficiency can cause apple bitter pits, reduce the quality and shelf life. WRKY Transcription factors play essential role in plant response to multiple diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms causing bitter pits in apple fruit due to Ca deficiency during storage is extremely limited. Results: In the present study, the nutritional metabolites and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were compared in Ca-deficient and healthy apple fruit (CK) during storage. Results showed that Ca-deficient apples sustained significantly higher production of ROS, PPO activity, flavonoids, total phenol, total soluble solids (TSS), and sucrose contents, but the contents of Ca, H2O2, titratable acids (TA), glucose and fructose were significantly lower than those of CK during storage. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that TSS, •O2−­, PPO, MDA and Ca were the main factors, and TSS had a positive correlation with sucrose. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis revealed that WRKYs were co-expressed with sucrose metabolism-related enzymes (SWEETs, SS, SPS). RT-qPCR and correlation analysis indicated that MdWRKY75 were significantly positively correlated with MdSWEET1. Moreover, transient overexpression of MdWRKY75 could significantly increase the sucrose content and promote the expression of MdSWEET1 in apple fruit.Conclusions: Calcium deficiency could decrease antioxidant capacity, accelerate nutritional metabolism and up-regulate the expression of WRKYs in apple with bitter pits. Overexpression of MdWRKY75 significantly increased sucrose accumulation and the expression of MdSWEET1. These findings further strengthened knowledge of the basic molecular mechanisms in calcium-deficient apple flesh and contributed to improving the nutritional quality of apple fruit.
Neuroligins Facilitate The Development of Bone Cancer Pain via Regulating Synaptic Transmission
Authors: Xie Xianqiao , Li Yang , Su Shanchun , Li Xiaohui , Xu Xueqin , Sun Dongsheng , Gao Yan , Peng Minjing , Wu Yanqiong , Ke Changbin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
The underlying mechanism of chronic pain involves the plasticity in synaptic receptors and neurotransmitters. This study aimed to investigate potential roles of neuroligins (NLs) within the spinal dorsal horn of rats in a newly established bone cancer pain (BCP) model.
Methods
Using our rat BCP model, we assessed pain hypersensitivity over time. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to investigate NL expression, and NLs were overexpressed in the rat spinal cord using lentiviral vectors. Immunofluorescence staining and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were deployed to investigate the role of NLs in the development of BCP.
Results
We observed reduced expression levels of NL1 and NL2, but not NL3, within the rat spinal cord, which were found to be associated with and essential for the development of BCP in our model. Accordingly, NL1 or NL2 overexpression in the spinal cord alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity of rats. Electrophysiological experiments indicated that NL1 and NL2 are involved in BCP via regulating γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic interneuronal synapses and the activity of glutamatergic interneuronal synapses, respectively.
Conclusions
Our observations unravel the role of NLs in cancer-related chronic pain and further suggest that inhibitory mechanisms are central features of BCP in the spinal dorsal horn. These results provide a new perspective and basis for subsequent studies elucidating the onset and progression of BCP.
Cooked sausage enriched with essential nutrients for the gastrointestinal diet
Authors: Sadovoy Vladimir , Shchedrina Tatiana , Trubina Irina , Morgunova Anna , Franko Evgenia 
Published: November 2021

Introduction. People with gastrointestinal disorders should have a sparing diet with a balanced chemical and amino acid composition including all essential components. Based on formulations of meat products, we identified a number of essential nutritional components that could improve the diet for gastrointestinal pathologies. In this study, we aimed to develop a formulation for cooked sausage enriched with deficient essential nutrients.
Study objects and methods. Our study object was cooked sausage. First, we analyzed the diet for people with gastrointestinal disorders. Then, we formulated a meat-based product (cooked sausage), determined its chemical and amino acid compositions, as well as vitamin and mineral contents, and assessed the balance of amino acids. Finally, we evaluated the biological value and safety of the formulated sausage on laboratory mice.
Results and discussion. The chemical and amino acid compositions of a daily gastrointestinal diet in medical institutions revealed a deficiency of some water-soluble vitamins, vitamin A, calcium, magnesium, and iron, as well as an imbalance of amino acids. To replenish the deficiency, we formulated a meat-based product composed of trimmed beef and pork, beef liver, egg mix, food gelatin, chitosan succinate, rice flour, and soy fortifier. The product was classified as a meat and cereal cooked sausage of grade B, in which most amino acids were used for anabolic purposes. Its daily portion of 100 g eliminated the deficiency of potassium and iron, almost completely replenished magnesium, calcium, and vitamin A, as well as reduced the deficiency of dietary fiber by 4.8 g. The cytological studies of the blood of laboratory animals, whose basic diet contained the formulated sausage, proved its high biological value and safety.
Conclusion. We found that the formulated meat and cereal sausage can be included in the diet for patients with gastrointestinal diseases and used in medical institutions to eliminate the deficiency of essential nutrients.
Faecal contamination pathways of shallow groundwater in low-income urban areas: implications for water resource planning and management
Authors: Nayebare Jacintha Gumoteyo , Owor Michael M. , Kulabako Robinah , Taylor Richard Graham 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Shallow groundwater is vulnerable to faecal contamination, especially in low-income urban areas where use of on-site sanitation facilities is high. This paper explores statistical relationships between potential factors influencing contaminant pathways (i.e., variables) and observed faecal contamination of shallow groundwater, represented by nitrate concentrations and counts of Escherichia coli (i.e., response function) in a small, growing town in Uganda over dry and wet seasons in 2018 and 2019. A statistically significant (p = 0.004) multiple linear regression model from dry-season E. coli counts in 2018 identifies medium sanitary risk levels and modes of construction as significant pathways (p = 0.01). Water source depth (&lt;20 m) and proximity (&gt;10 m) to a pit latrine were also significant (p&lt;0.05) in both hydrogeological formations. No significant linear regression models were established for NO3 during both seasons due to low pH and rapid infiltration velocities; inconsistent sample timing during the wet season impaired the significance of the statistical models of E. coli counts. We show that modes of construction of water sources and pit latrines play key roles in determining the quality of the shallow groundwater in urban environments. Greater emphasis is therefore required to improve the functionality and sustainability of on-site water sources and pit latrines.
Occurrence and removal of poly/perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Barisci Sibel , Suri Rominder 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The presence of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has caused serious problems for drinking water supplies especially at intake locations close to PFAS manufacturing facilities, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and sites where PFAS-containing firefighting foam was regularly used. Although monitoring is increasing, knowledge on PFAS occurrences particularly in municipal and industrial effluents is still relatively low. Even though the production of C8-based PFAS has been phased out, they are still being detected at many WWTPs. Emerging PFAS such as GenX and F-53B are also beginning to be reported in aquatic environments. This paper presents a broad review and discussion on the occurrence of PFAS in municipal and industrial wastewater which appear to be their main sources. Carbon adsorption and ion exchange are currently used treatment technologies for PFAS removal. However, these methods have been reported to be ineffective for the removal of short-chain PFAS. Several pioneering treatment technologies, such as electrooxidation, ultrasound, and plasma have been reported for PFAS degradation. Nevertheless, in-depth research should be performed for the applicability of emerging technologies for real-world applications. This paper examines different technologies and helps to understand the research needs to improve the development of treatment processes for PFAS in wastewater streams.
Peroxiredoxin-6: A Guardian of Lung Pathophysiologies
Authors: Kumari Anju , Chowhan Rimpy Kaur , Kakchingtabam Pushpa , Shahnaj Sharifun , Rahaman Hamidur , Ansari Mohd Saquib , Singh Laishram Rajendrakumar 
Published: November 2021

:
The moonlighting protein, Prdx-6, exhibits peroxidase activity, phospholipase activity,
and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) activity. Although it is ubiquitous in expression,
its level is prominently high in the lung. Prdx-6 has been known to be an important enzyme
for the maintenance of normal lung physiologies including, anti-oxidant defense, lung surfactant
homeostasis, and cell signaling. Studies further unveiled that the altered activity (peroxidase or ai-
PLA2) of this enzyme is linked with various lung pathologies or diseases. In the present article, we
attempted to address the various pathophysiologies or disease conditions (like lung ischemia, hyperoxia,
lung cancer, emphysema, and acute lung injury) wherein Prdx-6 is involved. The study implicates
that Prdx-6 could be used as a common drug target for multiple lung diseases. Important future
insights have also been incorporated.
Programmed Cell Death in Plants: Insights into Developmental and
Stress-Induced Cell Death
Authors: Ebeed Heba T. , El-helely Ahmed A. 
Published: November 2021

:
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental genetically controlled process in most organisms. PCD is responsible for the selective elimination of damaged or unwanted cells and organs to maintain cellular homeostasis during the organ’s development under normal conditions as well as during defense or adaptation to stressful conditions. PCD pathways have been extensively studied in animals. In plants, studies focusing on understanding the pathways of PCD have advanced significantly. However, the knowledge about the molecular basis of PCD is still very limited. Some PCD pathways that have been discovered in animals are not present in plants or found with a similar form. PCD in plants is developmentally controlled (by endogenous factors) to function in organ development and differentiations as well as environmentally induced (by exogenous stimuli) to help the plant in surviving under stress conditions. Here, we present a review of the role of PCD in plant development and explore different examples of stress-induced PCD as well as highlight the main differences between the plant and animal PCD.
Hydroxysafflor Yellow a Promotes Angiogenesis in Rat Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Injured by Oxygen-glucose Deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R) through SIRT1-HIF-1α-VEGFA Signaling Pathway
Authors: Ruan Juxuan , Wang Lei , Dai Jiheng , Li Jing , Wang Ning , Seto Saiwang 
Published: November 2021

Objective:
Angiogenesis led by brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) contributes
to the remission of brain injury after brain ischemia reperfusion. In this study, we investigated
the effects of hydroxysafflor yellow A(HSYA) on angiogenesis of BMECs injured by
OGD/R via SIRT1-HIF-1α-VEGFA signaling pathway.

Methods:
The OGD/R model of BMECs was established in vitro by OGD for 2h and reoxygenation
for 24h. At first, the concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Angiopoietin
(ang) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in supernatant were detected by ELISA, and
the proteins expression of VEGFA, Ang-2 and PDGFB in BMECs were tested by western blot; the
proliferation, adhesion, migration (scratch healing and transwell) and tube formation experiment of
BMECs; the expression of CD31 and CD34 were tested by immunofluorescence staining. The levels
of sirtuin1(SIRT1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), VEGFA mRNA and protein were
tested.

Results:
HSYA up-regulated the levels of VEGF, Ang and PDGF in the supernatant of BMECs under
OGD/R, and the protein expression of VEGFA, Ang-2 and PDGFB was increased; HSYA
could significantly alleviate the decrease of cell proliferation, adhesion, migration and tube formation
ability of BMECs during OGD/R; HSYA enhanced the fluorescence intensity of CD31 and
CD34 of BMECs during OGD/R; HSYA remarkably up-regulated the expression of SIRT1,
HIF-1α, VEGFA mRNA and protein after OGD/R, and these increase decreased after SIRT1 was
inhibited.

Conclusion:
SIRT1-HIF-1α-VEGFA signaling pathway is involved in HSYA improves angiogenesis
of BMECs injured by OGD/R.
Structural, Morphological, and Magnetic Characterization of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized at Different Reaction Times via Thermal
Decomposition Method
Authors: Dogan Nurcan , Ozel Fatmahan , Koten Hasan 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) were synthesized
by the thermal decomposition method.

Methods:
In this work, the properties of the nanoparticles synthesized at different reaction times
were investigated. Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermal analysis were
carried out to characterize oleate adsorbed on the surface of nanoparticles.

Results:
The oleate-coated surfaces were obtained for all samples, and the amount of oleate on
the surfaces of the particles changed with the change in reaction time. The size, size distribution,
and shape of SPIONs were determined by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy
(SEM), and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). It was seen that changing the reaction
time affected the shape of the nanoparticles, but almost the same sized nanoparticles were obtained
with the increase of reaction time. The sample's crystallite size of 12.5-14.2 nm achieved
with XRD is in good agreement with the mean size of 15-16.4 that was obtained by TEM results.
Maximum magnetic saturation of the sample was achieved at 3 h reaction time.

Conclusion:
The magnetic properties of iron oxide nanoparticles were characterized by Electron-
Spin Resonance (ESR) and Physical Properties Measurement System (PPMS). All samples
showed superparamagnetic behaviors at room temperature.
Iron, Cobalt and Nickel-catalyzed Hydrosilylative Reduction of Functional
Groups
Authors: Avinash Kiran , Rohit K.R. , Anilkumar Gopinathan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract:
Hydrosilylation is an important transformation in organic synthesis. It has displayed
widespread applications in homogenous catalysis and in the commercial production of organosilanes
and organosilicon compounds. Though metals like Ru, Rh etc., were used widely for
achieving hydrosilylation, the increasing environmental concerns and the search for less expensive
alternatives resulted in the investigation of transition metals. Metals like Ni, Co etc., exhibit potential
cost benefits, in addition to their low CO2 footprint and lower toxicity. Thus, transition metal
catalysis has emerged as a promising strategy for hydrosilylation. This comprehensive review discusses
the catalytic hydrosilylation of various functional groups with non-noble transition metals
such as iron, cobalt and nickel in the last decade. Here, the topic is categorized based on the substrate
functional groups such as aldehydes, ketones, alkenes, etc.
russification legacy of historical monuments of Uzbekistan
Authors: Yusupov Otabek Yakubovich 
Published: November 2021

This article illustrates the naming convention of historical monuments by the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union in Uzbekistan. The Russification is a form of cultural assimilation during which the non-Russian communities whether voluntary or involuntary gave up their culture or statehood or language in favor of the Russian culture. Undeniably, the Russification in the naming convention of Uzbekistan’s historical monuments still bears its legacy. For instance, the names of archaeological finding on the territories of Selengur—Kulbulak and Teshiktash—pronounced in the Russian phonetics rather than Uzbek. Rather, Kulbulak is ought to be spelled Qulbuloq; and, Teshiktash—Teshiktosh.
Diagnostic Performance of an App-Based Symptom Checker in Mental Disorders: Comparative Study in Psychotherapy Outpatients
Authors: Hennemann Severin , Kuhn Sebastian , Witthöft Michael , Jungmann Stefanie M 
Published: November 2021

Background
Digital technologies have become a common starting point for health-related information-seeking. Web- or app-based symptom checkers aim to provide rapid and accurate condition suggestions and triage advice but have not yet been investigated for mental disorders in routine health care settings.

Objective
This study aims to test the diagnostic performance of a widely available symptom checker in the context of formal diagnosis of mental disorders when compared with therapists’ diagnoses based on structured clinical interviews.

Methods
Adult patients from an outpatient psychotherapy clinic used the app-based symptom checker Ada–check your health (ADA; Ada Health GmbH) at intake. Accuracy was assessed as the agreement of the first and 1 of the first 5 condition suggestions of ADA with at least one of the interview-based therapist diagnoses. In addition, sensitivity, specificity, and interrater reliabilities (Gwet first-order agreement coefficient [AC1]) were calculated for the 3 most prevalent disorder categories. Self-reported usability (assessed using the System Usability Scale) and acceptance of ADA (assessed using an adapted feedback questionnaire) were evaluated.

Results
A total of 49 patients (30/49, 61% women; mean age 33.41, SD 12.79 years) were included in this study. Across all patients, the interview-based diagnoses matched ADA’s first condition suggestion in 51% (25/49; 95% CI 37.5-64.4) of cases and 1 of the first 5 condition suggestions in 69% (34/49; 95% CI 55.4-80.6) of cases. Within the main disorder categories, the accuracy of ADA’s first condition suggestion was 0.82 for somatoform and associated disorders, 0.65 for affective disorders, and 0.53 for anxiety disorders. Interrater reliabilities ranged from low (AC1=0.15 for anxiety disorders) to good (AC1=0.76 for somatoform and associated disorders). The usability of ADA was rated as high in the System Usability Scale (mean 81.51, SD 11.82, score range 0-100). Approximately 71% (35/49) of participants would have preferred a face-to-face over an app-based diagnostic.

Conclusions
Overall, our findings suggest that a widely available symptom checker used in the formal diagnosis of mental disorders could provide clinicians with a list of condition suggestions with moderate-to-good accuracy. However, diagnostic performance was heterogeneous between disorder categories and included low interrater reliability. Although symptom checkers have some potential to complement the diagnostic process as a screening tool, the diagnostic performance should be tested in larger samples and in comparison with further diagnostic instruments.
IMPACT OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF MODERN RESIDENTIAL AREA ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Mančić Milena , Raos Miomir , Mančić Marko , Protić Milan , Medenica Milena , Rajić Milena 
Published: November 2021

Improving the energy efficiency of facilities should reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and independence from energy imports, increase jobs and energy security, as well as encourage researchers in further research to be creative, innovative and competitive. With about 40% of primary energy consumption accompanied by 36% of greenhouse gas emissions, the construction sector is one of the largest consumers in Europe. Energy consumption of the construction sector in Serbia has a significant share in total energy consumption of 48%, 65% of which refers to energy consumption in residential buildings. The legislation on Energy efficiency in Serbia implies a specific energy consumption of 65[kWh/m2] for one apartment buildings and 60[kh/m2] for multi-apartment buildings. In this paper, a settlement with 50 apartment buildings is analyzed, impact on building envelope construction and applied heating system type to carbon and primary energy footprint is estimated using the degree-day method. Although the mentioned specific energy consumption limit is determined by national legislation, this paper tackles the benefits and costs of reducing energy and carbon footprint by reducing carbon and primary energy footprint to a value lower than the mentioned limit.
The Procedure for Amending the Satversme of the Republic of Latvia and the Substance of Restrictions Established by It
Authors: Balodis Ringolds 
Published: November 2021

The article is dedicated to the mechanism for protecting the Satversme [Constitution] of the Republic of Latvia (hereafter – the Satversme) – procedure for amending it and elements thereof – restrictions (quotas of participation, approval, readings, etc.), examining the amendments to the general and basic articles, as well as the theory of core. The parliament and the people may amend the Satversme in a referendum, therefore the article also turns briefly to the institution of the people’s vote or plebiscite or referendum (Latin – referendum). The article aims to elucidate the effectiveness of the procedure for amending the Satversme and provide answers to the following questions: (1) Whether the procedure for amending the Satversme ensures protection of the national constitutional order on sufficient level and does not permit introduction into the Satversme of ill-considered or antidemocratic proposals; (2) Whether the legislator, aiming to ensure constitutional stability, has not set the exaggeratedly high quorum of voters’ participation in the referendum for all articles of the Satversme and whether the mechanism of referendum in Latvia has not become incapable of functioning? In the framework of the article, the author also will try to reach concrete proposals that would improve the procedure for amending the Satversme, would increase citizens’ involvement in the matters of public administration, which, in turn, would reinforce the people’s trust in their State. In considering the proposals, the author will focus also on the issue of national security because amendments to the Satversme and referendums, clearly, may be used as factors for destabilising the State.