bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adding large woody material into a headwater stream has immediate benefits for macroinvertebrate community structure and function
Authors: Al‐Zankana Ahmed , Matheson Tom , Harper David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Hydromorphological rehabilitation through installing large woody material (LWM) is increasingly being used to reverse degradation of stream ecosystems. There have been many criticisms of stream rehabilitation projects, because many have not met their goals and many others have not been monitored well enough to assess whether their goals were met.
In a before–after–control design (with samples collected 1 year before and two successive years after LWM installation), instream biotopes and their macroinvertebrate assemblages were used as structural and functional units to assess the effectiveness of LWM installed at the Rolleston Brook, a headwater tributary of the River Welland in Leicestershire, UK.
The project was successful in enhancing the coefficient of variation of channel water depth and width, wetted surface area, number of instream biotopes, and the biotope diversity in the rehabilitated reach.
LWM installation led to significant increases in macroinvertebrate total density, total biomass, and taxon richness. Macroinvertebrate community composition was also enhanced, so that it became more similar to that of the control reach.
Small increases in the number of instream biotopes (appearance of gravel and leaf litter) and changes in biotope proportions (decreasing percentage of silt) were significantly related to changes in the macroinvertebrate community metrics in the rehabilitated reach.
The results show that using macroinvertebrate community composition is more effective than only using taxon richness and/or diversity metrics for understanding the relationship between LWM installation and macroinvertebrate community responses. To be effective, samples must also be collected in a predefined sampling protocol stratified at the instream biotope level. This approach would be of great benefit in evaluating biodiversity conservation value, and could be incorporated into the advice provided by Natural England concerning restoration and protection of English rivers that are designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest under UK legislation or Special Areas of Conservation under European legislation.
Hsa_circ_0045714 induced by eupatilin has a potential to promote fracture healing
Authors: Sun Yan , Ge Junbo , Tang Weiwei , Hong Huanyu , Liu Dong , Lin Jiangtao 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIt is thought that maintaining preosteoblast viability is constructive to fracture healing. Here, we explored the effects of eupatilin on preosteoblast and addressed the mechanism associated with hsa_circ_0045714. Blood specimens were collected from 32 patients with hand fracture or calcaneus fracture. MC3T3‐E1 cells were treated with eupatilin. Small interfering‐RNA was transfected into MC3T3‐E1 cells. The ability of MC3T3‐E1 cells to survive, proliferate, migrate, and express fracture‐associated proteins was examined by 3‐(4,5)‐dimethylthiahiazo (‐z‐y1)‐3,5‐di‐ phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT), 5‐bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), 24‐Transwell, Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), and Western blot. Hsa_circ_0045714 was detected by qRT‐PCR. NF‐κB and PI3K/AKT were evaluated by Western blot. Eupatilin enhanced the survival, proliferation, and migration of MC3T3‐E1 cells. Cyclin D1, cyclin E, collagen II, aggrecan, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) were upregulated, while MMP‐13 was downregulated in eupatilin‐treated cells. Hsa_circ_0045714 was increased in patients with hand and calcaneus fractures with the time‐lapse of surgical operation. In eupatilin‐treated cells, Hsa_circ_0045714 was also elevated. However, the beneficial effects of eupatilin were weakened in hsa_circ_0045714‐deficient cells. Molecularly, eupatilin‐induced blockage of NF‐κB and activation of PI3K/AKT were abrogated in hsa_circ_0045714‐silenced cells. Our results confirmed the beneficial effects of eupatilin in preosteoblast, indicating eupatilin was a promising candidate for fracture healing.
Actor or recipient role matters: Neural correlates of self‐serving bias
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Zheng Li , Li Lin , Sun Peng , Guo Xiuyan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionWhen involved in interpersonal events, people often play the role of an initiative actor (e.g., “I hit Tom”) or a passive recipient (e.g., “Paul hit me”). Numerous studies have documented that people manifest a self‐serving bias (SSB), that is, they tend to attribute positive interpersonal events to themselves and negative events to other external factors. Recent studies have identified the neural regions associated with the SSB; yet little is known about the neural mechanism of its modulation by the actor or recipient role.MethodsIn this study, participants were scanned while they attributed the positive or negative events in which the self played the actor or recipient role.ResultsThe results showed that people manifested more SSB than non‐SSB (NONSSB) attributions and spent less time on making the former. Importantly, more SSB attributions and shorter reaction times were found in the actor than in the recipient condition. Greater activity in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) was observed in responding to NONSSB than SSB attributions only in the actor condition. Furthermore, the greater the difference in dmPFC activity in responding to NONSSB and SSB attributions, the smaller the difference in corresponding attribution response.ConclusionThe results suggest that people prefer making heuristic SSB attributions, and more cognitive resources are needed when they make NONSSB attributions. The activity of the dmPFC may be associated with inhibiting the heuristic SSB, especially when they play the actor role at interpersonal events.
Non‐Proteasomal Urine Activity in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Gruba Natalia , Stachurski Lech , Lesner Adam 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBladder cancer (BC) is the sixth common cancer in the world, characterized by high recurrent rate and poor prognosis. In most cases is asymptomatic and it can take years until symptoms develop. What is more, diagnosed patients need regular re‐examinations which are invasive and expensive. Here, we used chromogenic substrates for the qualitative determination of specific activity of urine enzymes in healthy and bladder cancer patients. The peptide ABZ‐Met‐Lys‐Val‐Trp‐ANB‐NH2 appears at low absorbance at 410 nm. During the hydrolysis, a free ANB‐NH2 is released which has a maximum absorbance at 410 nm. Using the peptide, we identified proteolytic activity in the majority of urine samples collected from patients with diagnosed bladder cancer, while the proteolytic activity in urine samples from healthy volunteers was not detected.
Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence in the extrahepatic bile duct wall: A case report
Authors: Matsumoto Taku , Yoshida Toshihiko , Yamagishi Takashi , Goto Hironobu , Otsubo Dai , Furutani Akinobu , Yamane Hisoka , Fujino Yasuhiro , Tominaga Masahiro 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe should know that hepatocellular carcinoma can progress as if it replaces the bile duct wall itself.
Acetonitrile Recovery by Distillation Techniques Combined with Salting‐Out or Sugaring‐Out in Tandem
Authors: Mendonça da Silva Amorim Patrícia , Busko Di Vitta Patricia , Converti Attilio , Pinheiro de Souza Oliveira Ricardo 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAcetonitrile recovery from a residual aqueous solution was performed by different techniques. Particularly, a residual acetonitrile‐water solution used in high‐performance liquid chromatography analyses at the School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of the University of São Paulo was investigated with the aim to identify the most feasible way to treat such a waste and recover acetonitrile within its dependencies. Three procedures were set up and tested, which consisted of different combinations of well‐known separation techniques, such as fractional distillation, cooling, salting‐out, and sugaring‐out. Cooling followed by distillation and subsequent addition of calcium chloride allowed to recover the highest amount of acetonitrile with a purity greater than 95 %.
Rhodamines with a Chloronicotinic Acid Fragment for Live Cell Superresolution STED Microscopy**
Authors: Grimm Florian , Rehman Jasmin , Stoldt Stefan , Khan Taukeer A. , Schlötel Jan Gero , Nizamov Shamil , John Michael , Belov Vladimir N. , Hell Stefan W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFormylation of 2,6‐dichloro‐5‐R‐nicotinic acids at C‐4 followed by condensation with 3‐hydroxy‐N,N‐dimethylaniline gave analogs of the popular TAMRA fluorescent dye with a 2,6‐dichloro‐5‐R‐nicotinic acid residues (R=H, F). The following reaction with thioglycolic acid is selective, involves only one chlorine atom at the carbon between pyridine nitrogen and the carboxylic acid group and affords new rhodamine dyes absorbing at 564/ 573 nm and emitting at 584/ 597 nm (R=H/ F, in aq. PBS). Conjugates of the dyes with “small molecules” provided specific labeling (covalent and non‐covalent) of organelles as well as of components of the cytoskeleton in living cells and were combined with fluorescent probes prepared from 610CP and SiR dyes and applied in two‐color STED microscopy with a 775 nm STED laser.
Highly Emissive 9‐Borafluorene Derivatives: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and Device Fabrication
Authors: Chen Xing , Meng Guoyun , Liao Guanming , Rauch Florian , He Jiang , Friedrich Alexandra , Marder Todd B. , Wang Nan , Chen Pangkuan , Wang Suning , Yin Xiaodong 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA series of 9‐borafluorene derivatives, functionalised with electron‐donating groups, have been prepared. Some of these 9‐borafluorene compounds exhibit strong yellowish emission in solution and in the solid state with relatively high quantum yields (up to 73.6 % for FMesB‐Cz as a neat film). The results suggest that the highly twisted donor groups suppress charge transfer, but the intrinsic photophysical properties of the 9‐borafluorene systems remain. The new compounds showed enhanced stability towards the atmosphere, and exhibited excellent thermal stability, revealing their potential for application in materials science. Organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices were fabricated with two of the highly emissive compounds, and they exhibited strong yellow‐greenish electroluminescence, with a maximum luminance intensity of >22 000 cd m−2. These are the first two examples of 9‐borafluorene derivatives being used as light‐emitting materials in OLED devices, and they have enabled us to achieve a balance between maintaining their intrinsic properties while improving their stability.
Novel Arylindigoids by Late‐Stage Derivatization of Biocatalytically Synthesized Dibromoindigo
Authors: Schnepel Christian , Dodero Veronica I. , Sewald Norbert 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIndigoids represent natural product‐based compounds applicable as organic semiconductors and photoresponsive materials. Yet modified indigo derivatives are difficult to access by chemical synthesis. A biocatalytic approach applying several consecutive selective C−H functionalizations was developed that selectively provides access to various indigoids: Enzymatic halogenation of l‐tryptophan followed by indole generation with tryptophanase yields 5‐, 6‐ and 7‐bromoindoles. Subsequent hydroxylation using a flavin monooxygenase furnishes dibromoindigo that is derivatized by acylation. This four‐step one‐pot cascade gives dibromoindigo in good isolated yields. Moreover, the halogen substituent allows for late‐stage diversification by cross‐coupling directly performed in the crude mixture, thus enabling synthesis of a small set of 6,6’‐diarylindigo derivatives. This chemoenzymatic approach provides a modular platform towards novel indigoids with attractive spectral properties.
Synthesis and Ambiphilic Reactivity of Metalated Diorgano‐Phosphonite Boranes
Authors: Hettich Thomas D. , Rudolf Richard , Feil Christoph M. , Birchall Nicholas , Nieger Martin , Gudat Dietrich 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUnprecedented metalated phosphonite boranes were prepared from PH‐substituted precursors and silyl amides. Although potassium derivatives were thermally stable and could even be isolated and structurally characterised, lithiated analogues proved to be unstable towards self‐condensation under cleavage of LiOR at ambient temperature. Reaction studies revealed that the metalated phosphonite boranes exhibit ambiphilic character. Their synthetic potential as nucleophilic building blocks was demonstrated in the synthesis of the first stannylated phosphonite representing a new structural motif in phosphine chemistry.
Rapid and Mild Lactamization Using Highly Electrophilic Triphosgene in a Microflow Reactor
Authors: Fuse Shinichiro , Komuro Keiji , Otake Yuma , Masui Hisashi , Nakamura Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLactams are cyclic amides that are indispensable as drugs and as drug candidates. Conventional lactamization includes acid‐mediated and coupling‐agent‐mediated approaches that suffer from narrow substrate scope, much waste, and/or high cost. Inexpensive, less‐wasteful approaches mediated by highly electrophilic reagents are attractive, but there is an imminent risk of side reactions. Herein, a methods using highly electrophilic triphosgene in a microflow reactor that accomplishes rapid (0.5–10 s), mild, inexpensive, and less‐wasteful lactamization are described. Methods A and B, which use N‐methylmorpholine and N‐methylimidazole, respectively, were developed. Various lactams and a cyclic peptide containing acid‐ and/or heat‐labile functional groups were synthesized in good to high yields without the need for tedious purification. Undesired reactions were successfully suppressed, and the risk of handling triphosgene was minimized by the use of microflow technology.
Direct Asymmetric α‐Selective Mannich Reaction of β,γ‐Unsaturated Ketones with Cyclic α‐Imino Ester: Divergent Synthesis of Cyclocanaline and Tetrahydro Pyridazinone Derivatives
Authors: Geng Yu‐Huan , Hua Yuan‐Zhao , Jia Shi‐Kun , Wang Min‐Can 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe first regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective direct Mannich reaction of β,γ,‐unsaturated ketones with benzoxazinone cyclic imines was enabled by Lewis acid/Brønsted base cooperative catalysis. The dinuclear zinc complex catalyzed the reaction of a broad range of β,γ‐unsaturated ketones to proceed at the α‐site exclusively, leading to corresponding adducts with two consecutive tertiary carbon stereocenters in diastereomeric ratios of up to >20:1 and enantioselectivities generally in the 90–99 % ee range. These products were used as general intermediates in the synthesis of multisubstituted cyclocanalines, tetrahydro pyridazinones, and 4H‐furo[2,3‐b][1,4]benzoxazine derivatives.
Reliability of Thermal Energy Storage Technologies
Authors: Weishaupt Daniel , Müller Karsten 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThermal energy storage is considered an important element of future energy systems. However, it is mandatory that the storage technologies work reliably. More complex systems are usually more prone to failure. As system size increases and functionalities can be separated, a more differentiated analysis is necessary. Large‐scale applications often involve intrinsic redundancy because scale‐up to some extent is realized through numbering‐up. Therefore, failures of individual components do not cause total outage of the thermal energy storage, but only a certain loss in performance. A special feature of some thermochemical storage technologies is that separate parts of the whole system provide the functionalities of charging and discharging. Consequently, many failure modes do not cause a complete loss of functionality, but only of one of the two functionalities.
Solventless Mechanochemical Synthesis of Phase Pure Syngenite
Authors: Schiefer Christopher , Plank Johann 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSyngenite (K2Ca(SO4)2 ⋅ H2O) presents an effective hydration activator (accelerator) for anhydrite (CaSO4) applied in construction systems. The current synthesis relies on co‐precipitation of K2SO4 and CaSO4 ⋅ 2H2O and produces large amounts of waste water holding excess amounts of potassium sulfate. Therefore, this method is deemed ineffective, uneconomical and environmentally unfriendly. Moreover, it produces large crystals (ℓ ∼5‐30 μm) which are less effective as nucleation seeds for gypsum crystallization. In this study, a novel, solventless mechanochemical process is proposed as a simple, eco‐friendly and reproducible method for large‐scale production of sub‐micrometer sized syngenite crystals of different morphology in high purity which strongly promote anhydrite hydration to gypsum. Optimal conditions for the mechanochemical synthesis were determined, and products obtained were characterized via X‐ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and SEM imaging. The optimized mechanochemical product was compared with syngenite from co‐precipitation, the structural differences are discussed and its superiority as seeding material was evidenced.
Breast conservation among older patients with early‐stage breast cancer: Locoregional recurrence following adjuvant radiation or hormonal therapy
Authors: Tringale Kathryn R. , Berger Elizabeth R. , Sevilimedu Varadan , Wen Hannah Y. , Gillespie Erin F. , Mueller Boris A. , McCormick Beryl , Xu Amy J. , Cuaron John J. , Cahlon Oren , Khan Atif J. , Powell Simon N. , Morrow Monica , Heerdt Alexandra S. , Braunstein Lior Z. 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundFor patients with breast cancer undergoing breast‐conserving surgery (BCS), adjuvant radiation (RT) and hormonal therapy (HT) reduce the risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR). Although several studies have evaluated adjuvant HT ± RT, the outcomes of HT versus RT monotherapy remain less clear. In this study, the risk of LRR is characterized among older patients with early‐stage breast cancer following adjuvant RT alone, HT alone, neither, or both.MethodsThis study included female patients from the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (New York, New York) who were aged ≥65 years with estrogen receptor–positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HER2–) T1N0 breast cancer treated with BCS. The primary endpoint was time to LRR evaluated by Cox regression analysis.ResultsThere were 888 women evaluated with a median age of 71 years (range, 65‐100 years) and median follow‐up of 4.9 years (range, 0.0‐9.5 years). There were 27 LRR events (3.0%). Five‐year LRR was 11% for those receiving no adjuvant treatment, 3% for HT alone, 4% for RT alone, and 1% for HT and RT. LRR rates were significantly different between the groups (P < .001). Compared with neither HT nor RT, HT or RT monotherapy each yielded similar LRR reductions: HT alone (HR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.10‐0.68; P = .006) and RT alone (HR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11‐0.92; P = .034). Distant recurrence and breast cancer–specific survival rates did not significantly differ between groups.ConclusionsLRR risk following BCS is low among women aged ≥65 years with T1N0, ER+/HER2– breast cancer. Adjuvant RT and HT monotherapy each similarly reduce this risk; the combination yields a marginal improvement. Further study is needed to elucidate whether appropriate patients may feasibly receive adjuvant RT monotherapy versus the current standards of HT monotherapy or combined RT/HT.
Porous Organic Polymers for Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Cheng Yuan‐Zhe , Ding Xuesong , Han Bao‐Hang 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMany porous organic polymers (POPs) possess excellent light absorption capacity and CO2absorption performance owing to their conjugated skeletons and large specific surface area values. Some of these fascinating materials have inherent reaction sites for CO2conversion and appropriate band structures to catalyze the CO2reduction reaction. Therefore, these POPs have been used as heterogeneous catalysts in the photocatalytic CO2reduction reaction. Among those POPs, four kinds of catalytic systems have been developed for realizing the CO2photoreduction reaction: POPs loaded with noble metals, POPs loaded with non‐noble metals, POPs combined with inorganic semiconductors, and metal‐free POPs. Each of these catalytic systems has its own advantages and drawbacks. In general, the catalytic system of supported metals has higher catalytic efficiency but lower durability than metal‐free POPs. It should be noted that in the process of catalyst development, the co‐catalyst is gradually minimizing in POPs to achieve a more green CO2photoreduction reaction. In this review, different types of POPs and the relationship between their structures and catalytic performance in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2are summarized.
Evaluation of urinary hydroxyproline and creatinine level in patients with benign mandibular odontogenic tumor
Authors: Onwuka Chidozie I. , Uguru Chibuzo C. , Onwuka Chidinma I. , Obiechina Ambrose E. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundOdontogenic tumors are relatively common oro‐facial tumors seen in our environment with challenges encountered with management in terms of inadequate infrastructure and high cost of treatment. They are often associated with bone resorption with concomitant collagen degradation and excretion of their by‐products in serum or urine. The aim of this present study was to evaluate urinary hydroxyproline level in patients with benign mandibular odontogenic tumors.Materials and methodsTwenty‐two consecutive patients with histologically diagnosed mandibular odontogenic tumors were recruited. Twenty‐two controls who matched the study group for sex and age were also recruited. The study group had CT‐Scan of their lesions done. All participants were required to fast 12 hours overnight and their early morning second void urine collected between 7 a.m and 8 a.m. The collected urine samples were stored frozen at −20°C until analysis. Colorimetric method of analysis of urinary hydroxyproline and creatinine were done using Biovision hydroxyproline kit and Randox creatinine kit, respectively. The results were recorded as urinary hydroxyproline alone (μg/μl) and as urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio.ResultsThe mean age of the participants was 28.45 ± 6.8 years. The mean duration of the tumors in the study group was 5.9 ± 4.4 years. A mean urinary hydroxyproline/ creatinine ratio of 0.081 ± 0.129 was noted in the study group as compared to 0.016 ± 0.006 that was noted among healthy Nigerian who served as controls in the study.ConclusionThere was a significant increase in urinary hydroxyproline level in patients with odontogenic tumors when compared with healthy Nigerians.
Hybrid Tetrameric Perylene Diimide Assemblies
Authors: Cann Jonathan , Farahat Mahmoud E. , Welch Gregory C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOrganic photovoltaics have found utility as indoor light recycling devices providing an opportunity for the sustainable powering of IoT sensors and related smart electronics. In the report, two organic π‐conjugated molecules consisting of four perylene diimide (PDI) chromophores each are presented and used as non‐fullerene acceptors in indoor photovoltaic devices. The new materials consist of a dimeric N‐annulated PDI core with single PDIs grafted onto the pyrrolic N‐atom positions of the core. Compounds PDI4e and PDI4i are PDI tetramers and differ with PDI4e having the terminal N‐annulated PDI with pyrrolic N‐atom distal to the core and PDI4i having the terminal N‐annulated PDI with pyrrolic N‐atom proximal to the core. The structural and optoelectronic properties were investigated using NMR spectroscopy, optical absorption and emission spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The compounds exhibit typical optical signatures for PDIs but notable is that the addition of grafted PDI molecules prevents significant aggregation of the dimeric PDI core, as compared to a reference dimer. Use as non‐fullerene acceptors in ternary bulk‐heterojunction blends with the polymer FBT and fullerene PC61BM lead to increased open‐circuit voltages and power conversion efficiencies upwards of 13.7 % at 2000 lux light intensity.