bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Value of contrast‐enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound for diagnosing hepatic metastases of pancreatic cancer: A prospective study
Authors: Emori Tomoya , Nuta Junya , Kawaji Yuki , Tamura Takashi , Hatamaru Keiichi , Itonaga Masahiro , Yamashita Yasunobu , Ashida Reiko , Shimokawa Toshio , Koike Masataka , Ikoma Akira , Sonomura Tetsuo , Kawai Manabu , Kitano Masayuki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground and AimsThis study aimed to compare contrast‐enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound (CH‐EUS) with fundamental B‐mode endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) and contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CE‐CT) for the diagnosis of left hepatic lobe metastases of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.MethodsIn this single‐center prospective study, CE‐CT, EUS, and CH‐EUS were performed to detect left hepatic lobe metastases in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and the detection rates were compared between EUS plus CH‐EUS and the other two modalities. Subgroup comparisons of between‐modality detection rate were performed in patients with only metastases of <10 mm. The number of pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients whose clinical stage and treatment strategy were changed because of EUS plus CH‐EUS findings was also assessed.ResultsThirty‐one patients were diagnosed with left hepatic lobe metastases. For overall detection of left hepatic lobe metastases, EUS plus CH‐EUS had significantly higher accuracy (94.3%) than CE‐CT (86.7%) and EUS alone (87.6%) (P = 0.021 and P = 0.020, respectively). For detection of left hepatic lobe metastases < 10 mm, EUS plus CH‐EUS (93.3%) was significantly superior to CE‐CT (84.4%) and EUS alone (85.6%) (P = 0.021 and P = 0.020, respectively). In five of the 11 patients in whom only CH‐EUS allowed detection of hepatic metastases, the stage and/or treatment strategy of the pancreatic adenocarcinoma was changed after CH‐EUS.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that EUS plus CH‐EUS has advantages over CE‐CT and EUS alone with regard to the accuracy of detecting left hepatic lobe metastases, particularly small hepatic metastases and accurate staging.
Factors associated with self‐management behaviors of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lan Xiuyan , Lu Xinyan , Yi Bilan , Chen Xiaohuan , Jin Shuang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimsTo examine self‐management behaviors level and discuss the associated factors among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.MethodsA descriptive study design was used. A convenience sample of 124 COPD patients was recruited from three hospitals in Fuzhou. Self‐management Behaviors, Social Support Rating Scale and The Family APGAR Score were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis.ResultsThe overall score of self‐management behaviors ranged 4–41, with a mean score of 21.26 ± 7.72. Pearson correlation analyses and ANOVA revealed that age, course of disease, education, marital status, family function, subjective support, objective support, and availability of support were positively correlated with overall self‐management behaviors (p < .05). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that subjective support and availability of support significantly predicted self‐management behaviors.ConclusionsThe level of self‐management behaviors of COPD patients was suboptimal. We suggest that people in the patients’ social network should provide support for them, and help them use available resources to improve the level of self‐management behaviors.
Comparison of the Turkish versions of the Glasgow coma scale and four score used by intensive care nurses for neurological evaluation
Authors: Özçelik Emine Ezgi , Celik Selda 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the use of the Turkish versions of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) Score by intensive care nurses in neurological evaluation.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted between July 2018 and March 2019 with 92 patients in the general intensive care unit (ICU) of the training and research hospital of a private university. Data were collected using nurse and patient information forms, the GCS and the FOUR Score. The patients were evaluated by 27 intensive care nurses. To evaluate interrater reliability of the GCS and FOUR Score, each patient in the study was evaluated using both scales by two nurses who were blinded to each other’s responses.ResultsComparison of the patients’ mean GCS and FOUR Score values from the two nurses revealed no significant difference in subscale or total scores (p > 0.05). Evaluation of interrater reliability demonstrated very good agreement (κ = 0.935,p < 0.001). There was also very good agreement between the results of the two nurse groups when the patients’ total scores were categorised according to the cut‐off points for the two instruments (κ = 0.927,p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study demonstrated excellent agreement in the Turkish GCS and FOUR Score values, indicating that both scales can be used in neurological evaluation. Both instruments are reliable and easily applied by ICU nurses.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe Turkish versions of the FOUR Score and GCS are both appropriate for use in intensive care units and are reliable tools for use by intensive care unit nurses.
The practice of rural and remote nurses in Australia: A case study
Authors: Whiteing Nicola , Barr Jennieffer , Rossi Dolene M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAim and ObjectiveTo delineate contemporary practice of registered nurses working in rural and remote areas of Australia.BackgroundDespite the implementation of strategies to address challenges reported by rural and remote nurses, concern remains over safety and quality of care, the well‐being of nurses and retention of the nursing workforce. Twenty years on, geographically dispersed nurses still experience scarce human and material resources.DesignA multiple case study design was implemented.MethodsNurses were recruited from 240 sites. The study comprised three phases of data collection. First, a content analysis of 42 documents relating to the context of nursing, specifically rural and remote nursing; second, a content analysis of an online questionnaire (n = 75); and third, a thematic analysis of semi‐structured interviews (n = 20). COREQ reporting guidelines were used.ResultsEach phase of data collection informed subsequent data collection and analysis within the study. Following triangulation of data from each phase of the study, the major themes reported are “a medley of preparation for rural and remote work”; “being held accountable”; “alone, with or without someone”; and “spiralling well‐being.”ConclusionsRegardless of strategies, challenges of nursing in rural and remote areas persist. Issues of isolation, stress, burnout and a lack of organisational commitment to employees affect the retention of rural and remote nurses. While useful, professional development courses and graduate certificates are yet to make an impact on reducing these issues.Relevance to clinical practiceRegistered nurses argue for more experience rather than more education to facilitate transition into this nursing area. The finding that experience is perceived as more valuable than education suggests the need for innovative ways to gain experience to practice in rural and remote nursing. Lack of organisational commitment requires attention to promote the well‐being of nurses and patient safety.
Matteo Ricci’s Legacy for Comparative Theology
Authors: Yin Peng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMatteo Ricci is widely recognized as the pioneering figure in East‐West dialogue, but his theology is rarely discussed in its own right. This article offers a first reading of Ricci as a serious theologian who brings Thomas Aquinas into conversation with classical Confucian texts. I demonstrate how the Riccian legacy presents a potential alternative to the two dominant methods in comparative theology: the Lockean language of toleration (which tends to devalue distinctiveness) and the multiculturalist emphasis on difference (which tends to downplay commonality). By attending to how Ricci rewrites Stoic ethics on contingency and fortune, and invents “intellect” and “will” as moral categories in China, this article locates his achievement at the theological juncture of a Thomist‐Ignatian synthesis. What results is a generous account of “pagan” virtue, an overcoming of the dichotomy between infused and acquired virtue predominant in post‐Reformation Europe, and a new conception of chief theological and cardinal virtues. Cut short by the Chinese Rites Controversy, Ricci’s legacy is yet to be recognized as a vital contribution to perennial debates in Christian theology.
A novel pine wood nematode effector, BxSCD1, suppresses plant immunity and interacts with an ethylene‐forming enzyme in pine
Authors: Wen Tong‐Yue , Wu Xiao‐Qin , Hu Long‐Jiao , Qiu Yi‐Jun , Rui Lin , Zhang Yan , Ding Xiao‐Lei , Ye Jian‐Ren 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe plant‐parasitic nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), causes enormous economic loss every year. Currently, little is known about the pathogenic mechanisms of PWD. Several effectors have been identified in B. xylophilus, but their functions and host targets have yet to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that BxSCD1 suppresses cell death and inhibits B. xylophilus PAMP BxCDP1‐triggered immunity in Nicotiana benthamiana and Pinus thunbergii. BxSCD1 was transcriptionally upregulated in the early stage of B. xylophilus infection. In situ hybridization experiments showed that BxSCD1 was specifically expressed in the dorsal glands and intestine. Cysteine residues are essential for the function of BxSCD1. Transient expression of BxSCD1 in N. benthamiana revealed that it was primarily targeted to the cytoplasm and nucleus. The morbidity was significantly reduced in P. thunbergii infected with B. xylophilus when BxSCD1 was silenced. We identified 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylate oxidase 1, the actual ethylene‐forming enzyme, as a host target of BxSCD1 by yeast two‐hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation. Overall, this study illustrated that BxSCD1 played a critical role in the B. xylophilus–plant interaction.
Low‐cost local food supplements could improve maternal and birth outcomes in Indonesia: A pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Susiloretni Kun A. , Subandriani Dyah Nur , Ulfiana Elisa , Sunarto Sunarto , Astuti Trina , Smith Emily Rose 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMaternal nutrition plays a crucial role in influencing foetal growth and birth outcomes. The government of Indonesia provides centrally distributed food supplements (GFS) for undernourished pregnant mothers. The aim of the study was to test whether low‐cost, local food supplements (LFS) for undernourished pregnant mothers can improve maternal and birth outcomes compared with the centrally distributed GFS. This study was a two‐arm, randomised controlled trial design. The baseline data were collected at enrolment. We enrolled 60 pregnant mothers from Demak District, Central Java Province, Indonesia with mid‐upper arm circumference (MUAC) <23.5 cm who were assigned into two groups. The intervention group received LFS and multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS). The control group received the GFS and iron and folic acid supplements (IFA). LFS was a balanced energy protein food supplement made from peanuts, beans and fish. The effectiveness of these two interventions was assessed using logistic and linear regression. At baseline, the two groups had similar characteristics. After 60 days of treatment, compliance with the food and micronutrient supplements in the LFS group was 78.1% and 62.6% compared to 29.1% and 12.8% in the GFS group. After adjusting for baseline and the main covariates, mothers in the LFS group were more likely to increase MUAC (mean difference 0.60cm; 95% CI 0.27, 0.92) and to increase gestational weight (mean difference 1.02 kg; 95% CI 0.08, 1.97) than were mothers in the GFS group. For birth outcomes, the LFS group had a reduction in the risk of birthweight <3000 g (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.15; 95% CI 0.02, 0.98), caesarean delivery (AOR 0.11; 95% CI 0.02, 0.60) and short birth length (AOR 0.07; 95% CI 0.01, 0.93) compared with the GFS group. Local foods and MMS supplementation can improve maternal and birth outcomes. Therefore, the provision of LFS can result in better compliance and better outcomes compared with centrally distributed GFS supplements.
Arrhythmic mitral valve prolapse: Diagnostic parameters for high‐risk patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Oliveri Federico , Kakargias Fotios , Panday Priyanka , Arcia Franchini Ana P. , Iskander Beshoy , Anwer Fatima , Hamid Pousette 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough frequently considered a benign condition, new evidence has shown that mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is associated with complex ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of the relevant studies to investigate the parameters that could identify MVP patients at higher risk of experiencing complex VAs.MethodWe performed a systematic literature search of PubMed for potential studies between January 2010 and January 2021. Our meta‐analysis included studies comparing MVP patients with complex VAs (A‐MVP) and those without (NA‐MVP). We used the fixed‐effects model to obtain the odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR), or mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each analyzed parameter.ResultsSix studies with 848 individuals were included in the meta‐analysis. As compared to the NA‐MVP patients, A‐MVP patients had a higher prevalence of inverted T‐wave (OR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.85‐4.02; p < .00001) and longer QTc interval on the resting ECG (MD: 14.73; 95% CI: 9.39‐20.08; p < .00001), longer anterior mitral leaflet length (MD: 2.67; 95% CI: 2.02‐3.31; p < .00001), bi‐leaflet prolapse (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.22‐2.24; p = .001), and mitral annulus disjunction (MAD) on echocardiogram (RR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.50‐2.40; p < .00001), and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (RR: 4.38; 95% CI: 1.77‐10.86; p = .001).ConclusionOur comprehensive meta‐analysis suggests that risk factors related to A‐MVP are T‐wave inversion, longer QTc interval, bi‐leaflet prolapse, longer anterior mitral valve leaflet, MAD, and LGE.
The function of floral traits and phenotypic selection inAconitum gymnandrum(Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Lu N.‐N. , Ma Y. , Hou M. , Zhao Z.‐G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFloral evolution in angiosperms is thought to be driven by pollinator‐mediated selection. Understanding flower integration and adaptation requires resolving the additive and nonadditive contributions of floral pollinator attraction and pollination efficiency traits to fitness components.In this study, a flower manipulation experiment with a factorial design was used to study the adaptive significance of galea height (a putative attraction trait) and entrance width (a putative efficiency trait) inAconitum gymnandrumMaxim. flowers. Simultaneously, phenotypic selection analysis was conducted to examine selection by pollinators on galea height, entrance width, nectar production and plant height.Increased galea height increased the pollinator visitation rate, which confirmed its attractiveness function. Increasing floral entrance width by spreading the lower sepals increased the seed number per fruit without affecting pollinator visitation. This suggests a pollination efficiency role for the entrance width. The phenotypic selection analysis, however, did not provide evidence of pollinator‐mediated selection for either of these traist, but it did for plant height. According to the manipulation treatment and correlational selection results, the combined variation in galea height and entrance width ofA.gymnandrumflowers did not have nonadditive effects on female reproductive success.This study demonstrated the adaptive value ofA.gymnandrumflowers through manipulation of an attractiveness trait and an efficiency trait. However, neither trait was associated with pollinator‐mediated selection. A combination of manipulating traits and determining current phenotypic selection could help to elucidate the mechanism of selection on floral traits involved in different functions and flower integration.
Retrograde Gas Condensate Reservoirs: Reliable Estimation of Dew Point Pressure by the Hybrid Neuro-Fuzzy Connectionist Paradigm
Authors: Seyed Alizadeh Seyed Mehdi , Bagherzadeh Ali , Bahmani Soufia , Nikzad Amir , Aminzadehsarikhanbeglou Elnaz , Tatyana Yu Subbotina 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe dew point pressure (DPP) is a crucial thermodynamic property for gas reservoir performance evaluation, gas/condensate characterization, reservoir development and management, and downstream facility design. However, dew point pressure measurement is an expensive and time-consuming task; its estimation using the thermodynamic approaches has convergency problems, and available empirical correlations often provide high uncertainty levels. In this paper, the hybrid neuro-fuzzy connectionist paradigm is developed using 390 literature measurements. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) topology, including the training algorithm and cluster radius (radii), was determined by combining trial-and-error and statistical analyses. The hybrid optimization algorithm and radii = 0.675 are distinguished as the best characteristics for the ANFIS model. A high value of observed R2 = 0.97948 confirms the excellent performance of the designed approach for calculating the DPP of retrograde gas condensate reservoirs. Furthermore, visual inspections and statistical indices are employed to compare the ANFIS reliability and available empirical correlations. The results showed that the ANFIS model is more accurate than the well-known empirical correlations and previous intelligent paradigms in the literature. The designed ANFIS model, the best empirical correlation, and the most accurate intelligent paradigm in the literature present the absolute average relative deviation (AARD) of 1.60%, 11.25%, and 2.10%, respectively.
Twenty-one days of spirulina supplementation lowers heart rate during submaximal cycling and augments power output during repeated sprints in trained cyclists
Authors: Gurney Tom , Brouner James , Spendiff Owen 
Published: August 2021

Spirulina supplementation has been reported to improve time to exhaustion and maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max). However, there is limited information on its influence over the multiple intensities experienced by cyclists during training and competition. Fifteen trained males (age 40 ± 8 years, V̇O2max 51.14 ± 6.43 mL/min/kg) ingested 6 g/day of spirulina or placebo for 21 days in a double-blinded randomised crossover design, with a 14-day washout period between trials. Participants completed a 1-hour submaximal endurance test at 55% external power output max and a 16.1-km time trial (day 1), followed by a lactate threshold test and repeated sprint performance tests (RSPTs) (day 2). Heart rate (bpm), respiratory exchange ratio, oxygen consumption (mL/min/kg), lactate and glucose (mmol/L), time (seconds), power output (W), and hemoglobin (g/L) were compared across conditions. Following spirulina supplementation, lactate and heart rate were significantly lower (P < 0.05) during submaximal endurance tests (2.05 ± 0.80 mmol/L vs 2.39 ± 0.89 mmol/L and 139 ± 11 bpm vs 144 ± 12 bpm), hemoglobin was significantly higher (152.6 ± 9.0 g/L) than placebo (143.2 ± 8.5 g/L), and peak and average power were significantly higher during RSPTs (968 ± 177 W vs 929 ± 149 W and 770 ± 117 W vs 738 ± 86 W). No differences existed between conditions for all oxygen consumption values, 16.1-km time trial measures, and lactate threshold tests (P > 0.05). Spirulina supplementation reduces homeostatic disturbances during submaximal exercise and augments power output during RSPTs. Novelty: Spirulina supplementation lowers heart rate and blood lactate during ∼1-hour submaximal cycling. Spirulina supplementation elicits significant augmentations in hemoglobin and power outputs during RSPTs.
Infrared renormalons in collider processes
Authors: Ferrario Ravasio Silvia 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrecise theoretical predictions are a key ingredient for an accurate determination of the structure of the Lagrangian of particle physics, including its free parameters, which summarizes our understanding of the fundamental interactions among particles. Furthermore, due to the absence of clear new-physics signals, precise theoretical calculations are required to pin down possible subtle deviations from the Standard Model predictions. The error associated with such calculations must be scrutinized, as non-perturbative power corrections, dubbed infrared renormalons, can limit the ultimate precision of truncated perturbative expansions in quantum chromodynamics. In this review, we focus on linear power corrections that can arise in certain kinematic distributions relevant for collider phenomenology where an operator product expansion is missing, e.g. those obtained from the top-quark decay products, shape observables and the transverse momentum of massive gauge bosons. Only the last one is found to be free from such corrections, while the mass of the system comprising the top decay products has a larger power correction if the perturbative expansion is expressed in terms of a short-distance mass instead of the pole mass. A proper modelization of non-perturbative corrections is crucial in the context of shape observables to obtain reliable strong coupling constant extractions.
Note on Path-Connectivity of Complete Bipartite Graphs
Authors: Gao Xiaoxue , Li Shasha , Zhao Yan 
Published: August 2021

For a graph [Formula: see text] and a set [Formula: see text] of size at least [Formula: see text], a path in [Formula: see text] is said to be an [Formula: see text]-path if it connects all vertices of [Formula: see text]. Two [Formula: see text]-paths [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are said to be internally disjoint if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] denote the maximum number of internally disjoint [Formula: see text]-paths in [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text]-path-connectivity [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is then defined as the minimum [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] ranges over all [Formula: see text]-subsets of [Formula: see text]. In [M. Hager, Path-connectivity in graphs, Discrete Math. 59 (1986) 53–59], the [Formula: see text]-path-connectivity of the complete bipartite graph [Formula: see text] was calculated, where [Formula: see text]. But, from his proof, only the case that [Formula: see text] was considered. In this paper, we calculate the situation that [Formula: see text] and complete the result.