bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ex-vivo imaging of buccal and oral periodontal bone with low-dose CBCT in porcine jaws
Authors: Ruetters Maurice , Gehrig Holger , Kronsteiner Dorohtea , Weyer Vanessa , Kim Ti-Sun , Lux Christopher J. , Sen Sinan 
Published: July 2021

Objectives: New CBCT devices have been developed which can provide “low-dose CBCTs (LD-CBCT)”. Aim of this study is to investigate the suitability of LD-CBCT for measurement of alveolar buccal/oral bone. Methods and materials: Vestibular and oral bone loss of the teeth of seven porcine mandibles free of soft tissues were investigated by Micro-CT and three CBCT-modes: high-dose (HD), standard-dose (SD) and low-dose (LD). Radiographic measurements of bone loss (bl) and vestibular and oral bone thickness (bt) were made by two raters at 69 sites. Measurement means and differences, Intraclass correlation (ICC) and Bland–Altman plots were calculated. Results: ICCs between raters(r) concerning bl were 0.954 for HD, 0.949 for SD and 0.945 for LD; concerning bt they were 0.872 for HD, 0.845 for SD and 0.783 for LD. Means of differences of bt measurements were −0.01 mm(r1)/0.00 mm(r2) for HD, 0.04 mm(r1)/0.02 mm(r2) for SD and 0.02 mm(r1)/0.04 mm(r2) for LD; for bl measurements they were 0.06 mm(r1)/0.05 mm(r2) for HD, −0.01 mm(r1)/0.13 mm(r2) for SD and 0.07 mm(r1)/0.16 mm(r2) for LD. Linear regression indicates no noticeable differences between methods and the raters with respect to bl and bt. Conclusions Relating to the CBCT-device used in this study, LD-CBCT is a promising method to detect and describe buccal and oral periodontal bl and bt. Further studies with human anatomic structures must confirm these results.
Modified Kibria-Lukman (MKL) estimator for the Poisson Regression Model: application and simulation
Authors: Aladeitan Benedicta B. , Adebimpe Olukayode , Lukman Adewale F. , Oludoun Olajumoke , Abiodun Oluwakemi E. 
Published: July 2021

Background: Multicollinearity greatly affects the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) efficiency in both the linear regression model and the generalized linear model. Alternative estimators to the MLE include the ridge estimator, the Liu estimator and the Kibria-Lukman (KL) estimator, though literature shows that the KL estimator is preferred. Therefore, this study sought to modify the KL estimator to mitigate the Poisson Regression Model with multicollinearity. Methods: A simulation study and a real-life study were carried out and the performance of the new estimator was compared with some of the existing estimators. Results: The simulation result showed the new estimator performed more efficiently than the MLE, Poisson Ridge Regression Estimator (PRE), Poisson Liu Estimator (PLE) and the Poisson KL (PKL) estimators. The real-life application also agreed with the simulation result. Conclusions: In general, the new estimator performed more efficiently than the MLE, PRE, PLE and the PKL when multicollinearity was present.
Computer-assisted surgery and navigation in foot and ankle: state of the art and fields of application
Authors: Kutaish Halah , Acker Antoine , Drittenbass Lisca , Stern Richard , Assal Mathieu 
Published: July 2021

Computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery (CAOS) is a real-time navigation guidance system that supports surgeons intraoperatively. Its use is reported to increase precision and facilitate less-invasive surgery. Advanced intraoperative imaging helps confirm that the initial aim of surgery has been achieved and allows for immediate adjustment when required. The complex anatomy of the foot and ankle, and the associated wide range of challenging procedures should benefit from the use of CAOS; however, reports on the topic are scarce. This article explores the fields of applications of real-time navigation and CAOS in foot and ankle surgery. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:531-538. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200024
Acute osteoarticular infections in children are frequently forgotten multidiscipline emergencies: beyond the technical skills
Authors: El-Sobky Tamer , Mahmoud Shady 
Published: July 2021

Acute osteoarticular infections (AOI) should be treated as top emergencies. The first few days following the inception of infection are ultra-critical to long-term prognosis. A comprehensive road map for management of childhood AOI is still lacking despite recent advances in microbiology and imaging (magnetic resonance imaging). The many faces of childhood AOI warrant a multidiscipline approach to management. Laboratory and imaging findings of are still debatable and should not overshadow or delay a management plan based on the experienced physician’s clinical judgment. Ample evidence-based practice supports the use of a few days of intravenous antibiotic administration followed by oral therapy until correlative clinical and basic laboratory (acute phase reactants) results improve. The growing body of evidence on ‘high-risk’ children/neonates of AOI warrants continual clinical extra-vigilance in identifying these patient subsets. Open drainage and debridement remain the mainstay of treatment of septic hips, whereas for other joints the use of alternative surgical techniques should be individualized or on case-by-case basis. Because the consequences of misdiagnosis of AOI are usually grave and permanent, proactive treatment/overtreatment is justified in the event of unconfirmed but suspicious diagnosis. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:584-592. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200155
Risk factors influencing fracture characteristics in postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures around cemented stems in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Jain Sameer , Lamb Jonathan , Townsend Oliver , Scott Chloe E. H. , Kendrick Ben , Middleton Robert , Jones Steve A. , Board Tim , West Robert , Pandit Hemant 
Published: July 2021

Aims This study evaluates risk factors influencing fracture characteristics for postoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFFs) around cemented stems in total hip arthroplasty. Methods Data were collected for PFF patients admitted to eight UK centres between 25 May 2006 and 1 March 2020. Radiographs were assessed for Unified Classification System (UCS) grade and AO/OTA type. Statistical comparisons investigated relationships by age, gender, and stem fixation philosophy (polished taper-slip (PTS) vs composite beam (CB)). The effect of multiple variables was estimated using multinomial logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Surgical treatment (revision vs fixation) was compared by UCS grade and AO/OTA type. Results A total of 584 cases were included. Median age was 79.1 years (interquartile range 72.0 to 86.0), 312 (53.6%) patients were female, and 495 (85.1%) stems were PTS. The commonest UCS grade was type B1 (278, 47.6%). The most common AO/OTA type was spiral (352, 60.3%). Metaphyseal split fractures occurred only with PTS stems with an incidence of 10.1%. Male sex was associated with a five-fold reduction in odds of a type C fracture (OR 0.22 (95% CI 0.12 to 0.41); p < 0.001) compared to a type B fracture. CB stems were associated with significantly increased odds of transverse fracture (OR 9.51 (95% CI 3.72 to 24.34); p < 0.001) and wedge fracture (OR 3.72 (95% CI 1.16 to 11.95); p = 0.027) compared to PTS stems. Both UCS grade and AO/OTA type differed significantly (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) between the revision and fixation groups but a similar proportion of B1 fractures underwent revision compared to fixation (45.3% vs 50.6%). Conclusion The commonest fracture types are B1 and spiral fractures. PTS stems are exclusively associated with metaphyseal split fractures, but their incidence is low. Males have lower odds of UCS grade C fractures compared to females. CB stems have higher odds of bending type fractures (transverse and wedge) compared to PTS stems. There is considerable variation in practice when treating B1 fractures around cemented stems. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(7):466–475.
Effect of hyperglycemia on fertility in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male Wistar rats: focus on glucose transporters and oxidative stress
Authors: Brodjonegoro Sakti Ronggowardhana , Ghinorawa Tanaya , Wonatorey Nickanor Kaladius Reumy , Zulfiqqar Andy , Heriyanto Didik Setyo 
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND Glucose transporters (GLUTs) and oxidant metabolism are associated with the mechanism of infertility. This study evaluated the impact of hyperglycemia on glucose and oxidant metabolisms of Sertoli cells (SCs).
METHODS This study was an animal study to investigate the expression of messenger RNA monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), GLUT1, GLUT3, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione peroxidase, catalase (CAT), and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) of Wistar rats testes that were induced hyperglycemia. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis was used. Hyperglycemic state in the Wistar rats was induced by streptozotocin. 24 rats were divided into 3 groups: non-hyperglycemia (control), 2-week, and 4-week hyperglycemic state. All data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 15.0 (IBM Corp., USA).
RESULTS The expression of glucose transporter (GLUT1 and GLUT3), lactate transporter (MCT4), and cellular defense protein against oxidant (Nrf2 and CAT) was significantly increased in the 2-week and 4-week hyperglycemic state groups with p<0.01, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemic state affects the metabolism of SCs. Alteration of GLUTs and oxidative metabolism may indicate metabolic alterations by a prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia that may be responsible for diabetes-related male infertility.
Double ring nanostructure with an internal cavity and a multiple Fano
resonances system for refractive index sensing
Authors: Shao Zhiquan , Yan Shubin , Wen Feng , Wu Xiushan , Hua Ertian 
Published: July 2021

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, nanosensor based on a metal-insulator-metal
waveguide coupled to a double ring resonator is proposed. The spectral
characteristics are studied by finite element method, and a Fano
resonance (FR) formed by the interference of the narrowband mode and
the broadband mode is discovered. After analyzing the effects of
structural parameters on the transmission characteristics, the
structure is further optimized by adding a rectangular cavity inside
the ring cavity. The maximum sensitivity reaches 1885 nm/RIU with the
figure of merit (FOM) of 77. Additionally, a tunable multiple FR
system is realized through the derivative structure, which leads to
the splitting of the resonance mode and produces two new narrowband
modes. Their formation mechanism and performance are studied through a
normalized magnetic field distribution and transmission spectrum. The
designed structure with excellent performance can discover significant
applications in the future nanosensing domain.
Underwater fiber-optic salinity and pressure sensor based on surface plasmon resonance and multimode interference
Authors: Yang Musen , Zhu Yunlong , An Ran 
Published: July 2021

In this paper, an underwater fiber-optic sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and multimode interference (MMI) is presented for simultaneous measurement of salinity and pressure. This sensor is based on a single-mode-multimode-single-mode-multimode-single-mode structure with a gold film deposited on the middle single-mode fiber and the fiber structure is wrapped around an elastic cylinder to constitute a sensing head. In the fiber structure, the SPR region produces a resonance dip to measure salinity, and the independent MMI region achieves narrow and salinity-insensitive interference dips to measure pressure. Performance of the sensor is predicted by calculation, and the MMI spectrum is simulated by using the finite-difference beam propagation method. By experimental tests for salinity and pressure, the sensitivities of 0.36 nm/‰ and

−

1.42

n
m

/

M
P
a

are achieved, respectively, and the cross talk is also proved to be insignificant. This study provides an important application direction for SPR-MMI sensors and a prospective method for ocean detection.
Widely tunable external-cavity surface-emitting laser using various methods
Authors: Mao Lin , Zhang Xiaojian , Zhu Renjiang , Wang Tao , Wang Lijie , Zhang Peng 
Published: July 2021

We report a widely tunable optically pumped vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser. The multiple quantum wells in the active region of the gain chip are generally designed to form the resonant periodic gain structure, and three different methods are used to tune the oscillating wavelength. The maximum wavelength coverage of 45 nm is obtained when a 2 mm thickness birefringent filter is introduced in a straight-line cavity, while the tuning range of 8 nm is performed by employing a 0.15 mm thickness uncoated Fabry–Perot etalon. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we present an 11 nm tuning range by the use of an inserted blade as the tuning element, and the related wavelength tuning mechanism is analyzed.
Laser properties of Nd3+/Yb3+ co-doped glass fiber around 1  µm
Authors: Lin Zhiquan , Yu Chunlei , Hu Lili 
Published: July 2021

The interest in

N
d

3
+

/

Y
b

3
+

co-doping was initially motivated by the discovery of

N
d

3
+

→

Y
b

3
+

energy transfer in 1964, which profoundly influenced the motivation for subsequent research. Here, however, we propose a new mechanism based on an 808 nm and 975 nm dual-pumping scheme, in which the effect of

N
d

3
+

→

Y
b

3
+

energy transfer process is negligible. Gain spectrum modulation and its application in tunable dual-wavelength lasers around 1 µm were demonstrated in a 30-cm-long

N
d

3
+

/

Y
b

3
+

co-doped silica glass fiber. In addition, interesting laser efficiency improvements, thermal performance improvements, and even photodarkening resistance behavior were observed. This work broadens the knowledge of

N
d

3
+

/

Y
b

3
+

co-doping and may provide useful insights for exploring co-doping with rare-earth ions.
Multiband tunable perfect metamaterial absorber realized by different graphene patterns
Authors: Lv Yisong , Tian Jinping , Yang Rongcao 
Published: July 2021

In this paper, the absorption performance of a proposed metamaterial (MM) absorber based on a three-layer graphene structure working in the terahertz (THz) frequency band is studied. By using different types of combined graphene patterns, dual-band, tri-band, and quad-band absorption can be achieved. In the case of tri-band absorption, three absorption peaks with absorption rates of 99.7%, 99.9%, and 99.9% can be found at frequencies of 4.64 THz, 6.45 THz, and 9.71 THz, respectively. In addition, the proposed structure is polarization independent and has the absorption characteristic of wide incident angles. The frequency and the intensity of the absorption peaks can be adjusted by changing the chemical potential and the relaxation time of the graphene and the structural parameters. Therefore, we believe that the proposed graphene MM absorber structure provides flexible design ideas for a multibandwidth MM perfect absorber, and the proposed absorber also can be applied to subwavelength integrated sensors and optoelectronic devices in the terahertz range.
High stability ultra-narrow band self-activated KGaSiO4 long-persistent phosphors for optical anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Zhao Jinxing , Li Xu , Li Shengnan , Zhao Xinru , Wang Fenghe , Wang Dawei , Dong Guoyi , Guan Li 
Published: July 2021

Optical anti-counterfeiting has been developed as a promising optical-sensing technique. A self-activated

K
G
a
S
i
O

4

phosphor was successfully prepared using the traditional solid-state method. The photoluminescence spectra of the as-synthesized phosphors indicate that the ultra-narrow band emission with green light peak at 503 nm is obtained when phosphors are excited by 254 nm UV light. Additionally, the measured afterglow curve shows that the emission of this phosphor can last more than 1200 s after UV excitation stops, which indicates that

K
G
a
S
i
O

4

is a potential candidate for anti-counterfeiting materials. The luminescent and decay mechanism are discussed by theoretical calculation and thermo-luminescent spectra in detail. The theoretical model can provide support for explaining the mechanism of narrow band or persistent phosphor.
From near-UV to long-wave infrared waveguides inscribed in barium fluoride using a femtosecond laser
Authors: Dupont Albert , Lapointe Jerome , Pouliot Samuel , Vallée Réal 
Published: July 2021

Depressed-cladding waveguides (DCWs) of various sizes were inscribed in barium fluoride, allowing single-mode operation in the entirety of its transmission window (

λ
=

0.2
−
12

µ

m

). Using femtosecond laser pulses at 515 nm, type I laser modified tracks were overlapped to form circular waveguides, whose cross-sectional geometry and numerical aperture were tailored to accommodate 0.405, 2.85, and 10.6 µm light. The mode profile, propagation loss, refractive index profile, and numerical aperture of the optimized waveguides were analyzed and compared with theory. We particularly demonstrate the challenging inscription of a large DCW for single-mode operation at 10.6 µm with propagation loss of

<

0.63

d
B

/

c
m

.
Strong Purcell effect in deep subwavelength coaxial cavity with GeSn active medium
Authors: Ren Tianhua , Dong Yiyao , Xu Shengqiang , Gong Xiao 
Published: July 2021

We propose a deep subwavelength plasmonic cavity based on a metal-coated coaxial structure with

G
e

0.9

S
n

0.1

as the active medium. A fundamental surface plasmon polariton mode is strongly confined on the sidewall of the metal core, with the quality factor up to

5

×

10

3

at 10 K. By reducing the cavity dimension to a few nanometers, this cavity mode shows a strong plasmon binding with the mode volume down to

8

×

10

−
10

(

λ

/

n

)
3

, and significant size-dependent damping caused by the non-local optical response. The Purcell factor is achieved as high as

2

×

10

9

at 10 K and

7

×

10

8

at 300 K. This cavity design provides a systematic guideline of scaling down the cavity size and enhancing the Purcell factor. Our theoretical demonstration and understanding of the subwavelength plasmonic cavity represent a significant step toward the large-scale integration of on-chip lasers with a low threshold.
Time-correlated single photon Raman spectroscopy at megahertz repetition rates
Authors: Finlayson Neil , Usai Andrea , Brown Gillian E. , McEwan Heather , Erdogan Ahmet T. , Campbell Colin J. , Henderson Robert K. 
Published: July 2021

Significant improvements in time-correlated single photon counting
(TCSPC) Raman spectroscopy acquisition times can be achieved through
exploitation of megahertz (MHz) laser repetition rates. We have
developed a TCSPC Raman spectroscopy system based on a high peak power (

>

40

W

) pulsed laser, a high pulse
repetition rate (40 MHz), a custom

f

/

1.5

spectrometer, and a 512 spectral
channel × 16 time bin single photon avalanche diode line sensor. We
report millisecond Raman spectrum acquisition times, a peak Raman
count rate of 104 kcps, and a linewidth aggregated count rate of
440 kcps with a diamond sample. This represents a
three-order-of-magnitude increase in measured Raman count rate in
comparison with a 104 kHz pulsed laser operating at 300 W and a
four-order-of-magnitude increase over a 0.1 W pulsed laser operating
at 40 MHz. A Raman-to-fluorescence ratio of 4.76 is achieved with a
sesame oil sample at a 20 MHz repetition rate. Achieving high count
rates and Raman-to-fluorescence ratios unlocks the potential of
combined Raman/fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy for imaging and
other short acquisition time applications.
Prevalence and incidence of possible vascular dementia among Mexican older adults: Analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study
Authors: Yeverino-Castro Sara G. , Mejía-Arango Silvia , Mimenza-Alvarado Alberto J. , Cantú-Brito Carlos , Avila-Funes José A. , Aguilar-Navarro Sara G. 
Published: July 2021

Introduction
Vascular dementia is the second most common cause of dementia. Physical disability and cognitive impairment due to stroke are conditions that considerably affect quality of life. We estimated the prevalence and incidence of possible vascular dementia (PVD) in older adults using data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (MHAS 2012 and 2015 waves).

Methods
The MHAS is a representative longitudinal cohort study of Mexican adults aged ≥50 years. Data from 14, 893 participants from the 2012 cohort and 14,154 from the 2015 cohort were analyzed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of PVD. Self-respondents with history of stroke were classified as PVD if scores in two or more cognitive domains in the Cross-Cultural Cognitive Examination were ≥ 1.5 standard deviations below the mean on reference norms and if limitations in ≥ 1 instrumental activities of daily living were present. For proxy respondents with history of stroke, we used a score ≥3.4 on the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly. Crude and standardized rates of prevalent and incident PVD were estimated.

Results
Prevalence of PVD was 0.6% (95% CI, 0.5–0.8) (0.5 with age and sex- standardization). Rates increased with age reaching 2.0% among those aged 80 and older and decreased with educational attainment. After 3.0 years of follow-up, 87 new cases of PVD represented an overall incident rate of 2.2 (95% CI, 1.7–2.6) per 1,000 person-years (2.0 with age and sex- standardization). Incidence also increased with advancing age reaching an overall rate of 9.4 (95% CI, 6.3–13.6) per 1,000 person-years for participants aged >80 years. Hypertension and depressive symptoms were strong predictors of incident PVD.

Conclusion
These data provide new estimates of PVD prevalence and incidence in the Mexican population. We found that PVD incidence increased with age. Males aged 80 years or older showed a greater incidence rate when compared to females, which is comparable to previous estimates from other studies.