bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative effectiveness of popular diet programs on changes in android and gynoid body composition in women (LB301)
Authors: Springer S , Lockard B , Baetge C , Jung Y , Levers K , Galvan E , Jagim A , Simbo S , Byrd M , Oliver J , Koozehchian M , Dalton R , Khanna D , Kresta J , Sanchez B , Horrell K , Leopold T , Cho M , Rivera A , Cerda C , Chang C , Rasmussen C , Kreider R 
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine if different diet and exercise programs differentially affect android and/or gynoid body composition changes in sedentary women. 127 sedentary women (46±12 yr, 45.5±5% body fat, BMI 35.1±5) were randomized to participate in a control group (C) or the Curves Complete® program with online support (CC), Weight Watchers® Points Plus (WW), Jenny Craig® (JC), or Nutrisystem® Advance Select™ (NS) weight loss programs for 12‐wks. DEXA body composition with android (A) and gynoid (G) measurements were obtained. MANOVA revealed a significant time (p<0.001) and group x time (p=0.006) effects. Participants in the CC group generally lost more A‐FM (C ‐8±421; CC ‐479±462; WW ‐162±410; JC ‐275±406; NS ‐237±456 g, p=0.01), A‐BF (C ‐0.3±2.6; CC ‐2.9±3.6; WW ‐0.4±3.7; JC ‐1.3±3.2; NS ‐1.2±2.5 %, p<0.04), G‐FM (C 73±335; CC ‐823±658; WW ‐392±458; JC ‐709±871; NS ‐430±631, p<0.001), and G‐BF (C 0.0±2.1; CC ‐3.3±2.9; WW ‐0.7±2.6; JC ‐1.6±2.4; NS ‐0.6±1.9 %, p<0.001) with less loss in G‐FFM (C 112±476; CC ‐10±605; WW ‐319±559; JC ‐285±451; NS ‐335±540, p=0.01). No significant differences were seen among groups in A/G ratio, trunk/leg body fat ratio, or trunk/leg lean mass ratio. Results indicate that different types of diets can differentially affect changes in A and G body composition.Grant Funding Source: Curves International, Inc. (Waco, TX)
Evidence of energy deficiency, using doubly‐labeled water, among adolescent endurance runners (LB316)
Authors: Barrack Michelle , Nichols Jeanne , Rauh Mitchell , Van Loan Marta 
Published: June 2021

Background: Inadequate energy intake has been hypothesized to partially contribute to runners’ low BMD levels.Purpose: To assess the nutritional adequacy of adolescent runners’ diets and identify relationships between runners’ energy status, menstrual function, relevant hormones, biomarkers of bone metabolism, and bone mass.Methods: Twelve adolescent runners (age 16.0 ± 0.3y) completed a 7‐d food log, daily 24‐hr recalls, and assessments of serum hormones, biomarkers of bone turnover, anthropometrics, menstrual function, sports participation, and training volume. Additionally, they underwent a doubly‐labeled water protocol. Runners provided a baseline urine sample and consumed body weight‐specific cocktails 0.12g·kg‐1 of 2H2O and 0.25g·kg‐1 of H218O. Follow‐up first‐void urine samples were collected on days 1, 3, 5, and 7.Results: Among the adolescent runners (BMI= 19.7 kg/m2), who ran 31.2 (±11.1) miles/wk, mean (SD) 7‐day energy intake and expenditure values were 2,213.3 (±374.1) kcal and 3,131.6 (±403.3) kcal, respectively. Thus, runners consumed 918.3 (±449.9) kcal less than expended. Current weekly running mileage was inversely related to body weight (r= ‐0.78, p= 0.003), BMI (r= ‐0.66, p=0.02), gynecological age (r= ‐0.58, p= 0.05),serum estradiol (r= ‐0.64, p= 0.02), spine BMD (r= ‐0.77, p= 0.004), spine BMC (r= ‐0.79, p= 0.002), and spine BMD Z‐score (r= ‐0.63, p= 0.03), but positively related to CTX (r= 0.62, p= 0.03),.Conclusion: Among the runners, energy expended was significantly higher than energy consumed. This energy deficit may have contributed to low BMD, as miles of running per week, a proxy of exercise energy expenditure, correlated with a marker of bone resorption, and was inversely related to body mass, menstrual variables, and bone mass.
Bioactives of Artemisia dracunculus L. ameliorates insulin sensitivity by attenuating inflammatory signalling in human skeletal muscle culture (LB333)
Authors: Vandanmagsar Bolormaa , Haynie Kimberly , Wicks Shawna , Bermudez Estrellita , Mendoza Tamra , Ribnicky David , Cefalu William , Mynatt Randall 
Published: June 2021

Obesity‐associated, low‐grade, systemic inflammation is major contributor to obesity‐induced insulin resistance. Impaired insulin signalling in skeletal muscle is a key feature of type 2 diabetes. Bioactives of Artemisia dracunculus L. (termed PMI 5011) have been shown to improve insulin action by increasing insulin signalling in skeletal muscle. However, it has not known if PMI 5011’s effects are retained during an inflammatory condition. We examined the attenuation of insulin action and whether PMI 5011 enhances insulin signalling in the inflammatory environment with elevated cytokines. We found increased inflammation in skeletal muscle tissue of diet‐induced obese mice with upregulated Mcp1, Tnfα, Cxcl5, Cxcl10 and Tnfr1, Tnfr2 gene expressions.In line with this we detected increases in gene expression of MCP1 and TNFα, and basal activity of the NFkB pathway in myotubes derived from diabetic‐obese subjects as compared to myotubes derived from normal‐lean subjects. Multiplex protein analysis revealed that basal Akt phosphorylation (Ser473) was significantly higher, while insulin‐stimulated phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) was lower in myotubes from normal‐overweight and diabetic‐obese subjects compared to normal‐lean subjects. PMI 5011 treatment reduced basal phosphorylation of Akt and enhanced insulin‐stimulated phosphorylation of Akt in the presence of cytokines in human myotubes. PMI 5011 treatment led to an inhibition of cytokine‐induced activation of inflammatory signalling pathways such as Erk1/2 and IkBα‐NFkB and moreover, NFkB target gene expression, possibly by preventing further propagation of the inflammatory response within muscle tissue. Thus PMI 5011 improved insulin sensitivity in diabetic‐obese myotubes to the level of normal‐lean myotubes despite the presence of pro‐inflammatory cytokines.Grant Funding Source: Supported by grants NCAMM (P50AT002776 NIH), ADA (1‐10‐BS‐129), NIH (RO1DK089641), COBRE (NIH 8P20GM103528), NORC (NIH 2P30‐DK072476)
Influence of tomato and lycopene supplementation on the cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (LB337)
Authors: Minicucci Marcos , Pereira Bruna , Azevedo Paula , Zornoff Leonardo , Polegato Bertha , Okoshi Katashi , Batista Diego , Silva Renata , Gonçalves Andrea , Okoshi Marina , Turini Renan , Santos Priscila , Paiva Sergio 
Published: June 2021

Due to its antioxidant properties, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and one of its primary constituents, lycopene have been evaluated in clinical and experimental studies. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of tomato and lycopene supplementation on the cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction. Wistar rats were assigned to 6 groups: SHAM group, in which animals were submitted to simulated surgery (SHAM group; n=15); SHAM group that received lycopene 1mg/kg of body weight/day in the chow (SHAM‐L group, n=9); SHAM group that received tomato in the chow (SHAM‐T group, n=10); myocardial infarction (MI) group, in which animals were submitted to coronary artery ligation (MI group, n=16); MI group that received lycopene 1mg/kg of body weight/day in the chow (MI‐L group, n=12); and MI group that received tomato in the chow (MI‐T group, n=15). The amount of tomato supplemented had the same quantity of lycopene that was given for the groups supplemented only with this carotenoid. The rats were observed for 3 months. One‐way ANOVA was performed for infarct size comparison and two‐way ANOVA for the others comparisons. Infarct size was not different between groups (MI: 35.0 ± 11.5%; MI‐L: 33.6 ± 11.4%; MI‐T: 33.9 ± 9.7%; p=0.94). In the echocardiographic analysis the MI groups had higher values of left cardiac chambers and mass index compared with the SHAM groups. In addition, diastolic and systolic functions were worse in the MI groups. In this in vivo analysis, lycopene and tomato supplementation did not influence left ventricular morphology and function. Isolated heart study (Langendorff preparation) also showed no effect of lycopene and tomato supplementation in cardiac function. In conclusion, lycopene and tomato supplementation did not attenuate cardiac remodeling after MI.Grant Funding Source: Supported by FAPESP and CNPq
Assessment of key food skills among Canadians; results from the Canadian Community Health Survey rapid response modules on food skills (LB380)
Authors: Dorais Véronique , Gilbert Jo‐Anne , Zeitouney Joelle , Gibson Deborah , St‐Pierre Sylvie 
Published: June 2021

Food skills contribute to healthier eating; yet, some studies suggest that these skills are declining. This project aims to strengthen our understanding of food skills in Canada and to provide baseline data for monitoring population trends.Two Canadian Community Health Survey modules on food skills were conducted in Nov‐Dec 2012 (n=9559) and Jan‐Feb 2013 (n=10156) among a representative sample of Canadians aged 12 years and older. Questions focused on measuring cooking ability, the transference of skills to children, meal planning, shopping practices and mechanical cooking skills.With regards to cooking skills, most Canadians reported that they can prepare most meals (39%) or cook most dishes with a recipe (24%). Approximately 15% of Canadians do not participate in meal preparation. Most adults living with children share a family meal, sitting at the table together either every day (48%) or almost every day (25%). Further, children make suggestions for family meals (67%), help prepare meals (60%) and participate in shopping for groceries (68%) in most households with children. When shopping for groceries, most Canadians plan their meals (62%) and use a grocery list (74%) and nutrition labels (63%). While most Canadians reported being very good at peeling, choping or slicing (63%) and cooking raw meat/chicken/fish (61%), many reported basic to no skills in canning (63%) and freezing (31%).These findings will help inform the development of intervention and promotion programs focused on improving foods skills in Canada.
Calcium and fat balance and gastrointestinal tolerance in normal term infants fed infant formulas containing a monoglyceride‐based vs triglyceride‐based fat‐blend (LB403)
Authors: Lasekan John , Westcott Jamie , Lai Chron‐Si , Hartley Susan , Oliver Jeffery , Kleiner Hannah , Krebs Nancy 
Published: June 2021

Objectives: We investigated effects of monoacylglyceride (MG) and free fatty acids (end products of fat hydrolysis in the gut) inclusion in infant formula’s fat‐blend on calcium and fat absorption.Methods: A randomized, blinded, 4 wk crossover study evaluated calcium and fat absorption and gastrointestinal tolerance in 2‐4 mo old healthy term infants fed an experimental milk‐based powdered formula containing MG palmitate and soy calcium fatty acids (EF) vs a similar commercial control formula containing triacylglyceride‐based fat‐blend (CF). Balance and tolerance data was based on 12 and 13 evaluable subjects, respectively.Results: Balance data indicated that percent (%) calcium absorption (primary study variable) was not different (p=0.85) between EF (38+5; mean±SEM) and CF (37+6). Absorbed calcium (mg/kg/day) was numerically higher (16%) with EF, but not statistically different. Percent fat absorption was 5.2% lower (p=0.01) with EF vs CF, but absorbed fat (g/kg/day) was numerically greater (9.4%) with EF. Tolerance data indicated that mean rank stool consistency was firmer (p=0.02) and stool frequency was higher (p=0.01) with EF vs CF. Percentage of yellow stools was higher (p=0.03) and percentage of green stools (p=0.03) was lower with EF vs CF. Mean rank fussiness was lower (p= 0.01) with EF vs CF.Conclusion: The EF demonstrated similar calcium absorption and good GI tolerance vs the CF, which was a standard formula containing a fat blend with proven efficacy and safe use in normal infants.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Abbott Nutrition
Nutrient essentiality revisited (LB407)
Authors: Jew Stephanie , Antoine Jean‐Michel , Bourlioux Pierre , Milner John , Tapsell Linda , Yuexin Yang , Jones Peter 
Published: June 2021

The objective of this project was to present case studies providing supportive rationale for expanding the definitions and criteria for nutrient essentiality. An environmental scan was conducted for terms used to describe food constituents which may not be considered essential in the traditional sense, yet still provide additional health benefits. A panel of international experts reviewed classic and emerging criteria for essentiality and examined various food constituents not currently considered to be essential, but which possess desirable health effects. The panel considered fiber and plant sterols as good candidates for case studies and presented evidence to justify expanding the list of food constituents regarded as meeting criteria for essentiality. Fiber and plant sterols, although not considered essential for growth, development or survival, were deemed by the panel as essential for sub‐populations such as hypercholesterolemic groups. Furthermore, fiber in the form of prebiotics was regarded as essential as a foodstuff for part of the gut microbiotia. In summary, existing categorization of nutrients as essential needs to be expanded to reflect advances in current science, as well as evolving definitions of the concepts of essentiality. A review of non‐classical compounds, now known to have bioactivity, should be considered for their potential essentiality.Grant Funding Source: Supported by: Danone Institute International, Palaiseau, France
Metabolic and Inflammatory Signaling are Influenced by Consumption of Polyphenol‐rich Whole‐Fruit Extracts and Purified Phytochemicals in High‐fat Fed Mice (LB419)
Authors: Shay Neil , Sullivan Debra , Hamilton‐Reeves Jill 
Published: June 2021

A number of reports show that many different phytochemicals favorably influence metabolism and reduce inflammatory markers. Our trial tested the relative potency of purified compounds or whole foods in parallel, using the high‐fat fed C57BL/6J mouse model. The model tested and ranked effects of fruit extracts derived from apple peel, whole sweet cherries and grapes, along with purified compounds including quercetin, resveratrol, and ellagic acid in an attempt to design more‐potent combinations. Polyphenol‐rich fruit extracts and purified compounds were mixed into a high‐fat (60% of total kcal) obesigenic rodent diet and fed to mice along with low‐fat and high‐fat control diets for 10 weeks. Serum circulating factors were measured using a magnetic bead multiplex assay (Milliplex, Millipore Corp.). Mice fed the high‐fat control diet became obese and lost normal glucose control. Serum insulin levels were >1500 pg/mL in the high‐fat controls versus 90% of the high‐fat level (P< 0.01). Quercetin and extracts from grape, cherry, and apple peel also showed improved insulin levels. C‐reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were higher in all high‐fat diet groups except the mice fed a high‐fat diet containing a grape powder product. Our results point to future research in which we plan to compare the relative impact of mixtures of different commonly‐available whole foods on chronic inflammation.Grant Funding Source: Blue Mountain Horticultural Society
Relationships between depression and nutrient intake as well as oral health status in community‐dwelling middle‐aged Koreans (LB452)
Authors: Lee Heejin , Hwang Ji‐Yun , Kim Seo‐Jin , Seo Deog‐Gyu , Lee Seung Ku , Shin Chol , Park Yoon Jung 
Published: June 2021

Depression becomes one of the worldwide concerns. In Korea, the prevalence of depression has risen sharply and understanding of depression‐related health issues becomes critical. This study aims to examine the relationship between depression and nutrient intakes as well as oral health status among Koreans aged 39‐69 years. We examined 5,020 adults from the Ansan Cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study at baseline. People with and without depression were compared for nutrient intakes, serum indicators and oral health status. Depressed group (DG) had higher levels of serum AST, ALT, r‐GTP, TG, and total cholesterol than non‐depressed group (NDG) did in females. The difference of nutrient intakes between groups was greater in females. Energy intakes had no difference between groups, while protein and fat intakes were lower in DG than NDG. DG less consumed vitamins such as Vit.B2, B3, B6, Vit.C, folate, and Vit.E and minerals such as Ca, K, P, and Zn, even after adjustment for age and BMI. Adjusted odds ratio (OR) for depression was lower in female with higher quartile of Vit.B6 and Fe intake. Intriguingly, depression was related with oral health status. The adjusted OR was increased in DG with the presence of oral dryness than NDG. The results indicated that depression was related with poor nutrient intakes and oral dryness. Further work is needed to clarify the causality association between factors.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Korea CDC (2001‐347‐6111‐221 and 2002‐347‐6111‐221) and Korean NRF (22A20130012143)
Innervation of cardiac ventricles: an immunohistochemical study in bats (LB46)
Authors: Pauza Audrys , Rysevaite Kristina , Ruksenas Osvaldas , Pauza Dainius 
Published: June 2021

Neuroanatomy of cardiac ventricles in bats that are adapted for 5‐7 month long hibernation was not identified so far. We used fluorescent immunolabeling for PGP9.5, TH, ChAT, nNOS, SP, and CGRP in order to detect general, sympathetic, vagal and sensory neural structures on ventricles of three species of hibernating bats. We found ventricles in bats to be highly innervated by a dense ganglionated nerve plexus scattered up to heart apex. Ventricular neurons were mostly positive (+) for ChAT, fewer – for TH or nNOS. Small intensely fluorescent cells, strongly TH(+), were identified as well. Epicardial nerves possessed the CGRP(+) and SP(+) nerve fibers. Employing immunohistochemistry for PGP9.5, we revealed numerous sensory nerve endings distributed widely beneath the mesothelium. These nerve endings were solely positive for PGP 9.5 and possessed a complex morphology that was not demonstrated previously. The present findings offer insights into further studies of the hibernating myocardial cells that are fully resistant to long term hypoxia and apparently controlled by autonomic nervous system in perfection.Grant Funding Source: Supported by the Research Council of Lithuania (MIP‐031/2013)
Use of benthic polychaetes to assess anthropogenic impacts in the southern Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coast (LB485)
Authors: Alfarraj saleh 
Published: June 2021

Use of benthic polychaetes to assess anthropogenic impacts in the southern Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coast SALEH A. AL FARRAJ This paper studied the polychaete community structures and their response to anthropogenic impacts in the southern Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coast. Samples were collected from four stations, i.e. Jazan Port, Fisherman’s Port, Corniche North Park and Al Qunfudah, along the southern Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coast for benthic polychaetes and environmental variables during July 2012. A total of 75 polychaete taxa were identifi ed from the study area. Spatial trends showed Jazan Port and Fisherman’s Port to have low species abundance, richness and diversity compared to the reference site (Al Qunfudah). Species richness, abundance and diversity were intermediate at Corniche North Park The reference station had the highest species richness, species diversity and evenness with the following dominant polychaete species: Owenia fusiformis, Pista macrolobata, Euclymene africana, Maldane sarsi and Syllis gracilis. Capitella capitata, Cirratulus cirratus and Heteromastides bifi dus were most abundant at Fisherman’s Port and Jazan Port. The study revealed that polychaetes of the southern Saudi Arabian Red Sea Coast are sensitive to various types of pollution. The data obtained serve as a baseline against which data obtained on subsequent monitoring can be compared. It is recommended that relevant authorities should carry out a continual assessment on the levels of pollutants in the studied area.Grant Funding Source: king saud university
Effects of iodinated contrast media on a novel model of vasospasm due to subarachnoid hemorrhage (LB504)
Authors: Nikitina Tatiana , Zavaritskaya Olga , Semenyutin Vladimir , Patzak Andreas , Sendeski Mauricio 
Published: June 2021

Objective: Application of iodinated contrast media (CM) in patients with vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) may influence the vascular function of spastic brain vessels, with possible consequences for SAH morbidity and mortality. We developed an in vitro model of vasospasm post SAH to investigate the effects of CM on spontaneous myogenic tone and myogenic response of brain vessels.Methods: We used a model of isolated, pressurized rat superior cerebellar arteries. Coagulated blood was deployed in the chamber of a perfusion myograph to simulate SAH. Either vehicle or iodixanol was applied intraluminally. Vessel diameter was monitored in stable conditions and during controlled changes of intraluminal pressure. The myogenic response was quantified as the change in the diameter after each change in intraluminal pressure.Results: Vessels treated with coagulated blood developed a stronger spontaneous myogenic tone compared to the control groups (65.7% and 62.1% in comparison to 77.8% and 78.6% of initial diameter), as well as a significant decrease of the myogenic response. CM did not worsen the myogenic tone and the myogenic response. However, the myogenic response was significantly less impaired for higher pressure changes in vessels exposed to coagulated blood and CM in comparison to coagulated blood alone. The variability of the myogenic response was decreased in the groups receiving CM.Conclusion: Our in vitro model of cerebral vasospasm reflects the clinical evidence that the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow may be impaired after SAH. CM had no negative influence on vessel spontaneous myogenic tone and myogenic response in this model.
Nematodes Rotifers Tardigrades and Diatoms as Vehicles for the Panspermic Transfer of Microbes (LB51)
Authors: Alharbi Sulaiman , Wainwrigh Milton , Amasha Reda , Al‐Johnny Bassam , Khiyami Mohammad 
Published: June 2021

Nematodes Rotifers Tardigrades and Diatoms as Vehicles for the Panspermic Transfer of MicrobesSulamain Ali Alharbi 1, Mohammad A. Khiyami3, Reda Hassan Amasha 2, Bassam Al‐Johnny 2 and Milton Wainwrigh1,31 Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455 Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.3King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia2 Biological Sciences Department, faculty of Science‐ KAU, P.O Box: 42799 Jeddah 21551, Saudi Arabia3 Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, S102TN, UK3Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UKAbstract_Nematodes, rotifers and tardigrades are extremotolerant invertebrates which can survive long periods of stasis brought about by extreme drying and cold. They can also resist the effects of UV radiation, and as result could act as vehicles for the panspermic transfer of microorganisms. Here we show that NRT contain a variety of bacteria and fungi within their bodies in which environment they could be protected from the extremes of the space and released into new cosmic environments. Diatoms were also shown to contain a viable alga and Escherichia coli and so could also act as panspermic vehicles for the transfer of these and perhaps other, microbes through space. Although not studied here, NRT, and possibly diatoms, also carry protozoa and viruses within their bodies and could act as vehicles for the panspermic transfer of an even wider range of microbes than shown here.