bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the relation between modelled and perceived workload of nurses and related job demands, job resources and personal resources; a longitudinal study
Authors: van den Oetelaar Wilhelmina F. J. M. , Roelen Corné A. M. , Grolman Wilko , Stellato Rebecca K. , van Rhenen Willem 
Published: February 2021

AimCalculating a modelled workload based on objective measures. Exploring the relation between this modelled workload and workload as perceived by nurses, including the effects of specific job demands, job resources and personal resources on the relation.DesignAcademic hospital in the Netherlands. Six surgical wards, capacity 15–30 beds. Data collected over 15 consecutive day shifts.MethodsModelled workload is calculated as a ratio of required care time, based on patient characteristics, baseline care time and time for non-patient related activities, and allocated care time, based on the amount of available nurses. Both required and allocated care time are corrected for nurse proficiency. Five dimensions of perceived workload were determined by questionnaires. Both the modelled and the perceived workloads were measured on a daily basis. Linear mixed effects models study the longitudinal relation between this modelled and workload as perceived by nurses and the effects of personal resources, job resources and job demands. ANOVA and post-hoc tests were used to identify differences in modelled workload between wards.ResultsModelled workload varies roughly between 70 and 170%. Significant differences in modelled workload between wards were found but confidence intervals were wide. Modelled workload is positively associated with all five perceived workload measures (work pace, amount of work, mental load, emotional load, physical load). In addition to modelled workload, the job resource support of colleagues and job demands time spent on direct patient care and time spent on registration had the biggest significant effects on perceived workload.ConclusionsThe modelled workload does not exactly predict perceived workload, however there is a correlation between the two. The modelled workload can be used to detect differences in workload between wards, which may be useful in distributing workload more evenly in order prevent issues of over- and understaffing and organizational justice. Extra effort to promote team work is likely to have a positive effect on perceived workload. Nurse management can stimulate team cohesion, especially when workload is high. Registered nurses perceive a higher workload than other nurses. When the proportion of direct patient care in a workday is higher, the perceived workload is also higher. Further research is recommended. The findings of this research can help nursing management in allocating resources and directing their attention to the most relevant factors for balancing workload.
Evaluation of sample pooling for screening of SARS CoV-2
Authors: Mulu Andargachew , Alemayehu Dawit Hailu , Alemu Fekadu , Tefera Dessalegn Abeje , Wolde Sinknesh , Aseffa Gebeyehu , Seyoum Tamrayehu , Habtamu Meseret , Abdissa Alemseged , Bayih Abebe Genetu , Beyene Getachew Tesfaye 
Published: February 2021

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has revealed the global public health importance of robust diagnostic testing. To overcome the challenge of nucleic acid (NA) extraction and testing kit availability, an efficient method is urgently needed.

Objectives
To establish an efficient, time and resource-saving and cost-effective methods, and to propose an ad hoc pooling approach for mass screening of SARS-CoV-2.

Methods
We evaluated pooling approach on both direct clinical and NA samples. The standard reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test of the SARS CoV-2 was employed targeting the nucleocapsid (N) and open reading frame (ORF1ab) genomic region of the virus. The experimental pools were created using SARS CoV-2 positive clinical samples and extracted RNA spiked with up to 9 negative samples. For the direct clinical samples viral NA was extracted from each pool to a final extraction volume of 200μL, and subsequently both samples tested using the SARS CoV-2 RT-PCR assay.

Results
We found that a single positive sample can be amplified and detected in pools of up to 7 samples depending on the cycle threshold (Ct) value of the original sample, corresponding to high, and low SARS CoV-2 viral copies per reaction. However, to minimize false negativity of the assay with pooling strategies and with unknown false negativity rate of the assay under validation, we recommend pooling of 4/5 in 1 using the standard protocols of the assay, reagents and equipment. The predictive algorithm indicated a pooling ratio of 5 in 1 was expected to retain accuracy of the test irrespective of the Ct value samples spiked, and result in a 137% increase in testing efficiency.

Conclusions
The approaches showed its concept in easily customized and resource-saving manner and would allow expanding of current screening capacities and enable the expansion of detection in the community. We recommend clinical sample pooling of 4 or 5 in 1. However, we don’t advise pooling of clinical samples when disease prevalence is greater than 7%; particularly when sample size is large.
Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on invasive pneumococcal disease in children under 5 years of age in the Czech Republic
Authors: Kozakova Jana , Krizova Pavla , Maly Marek 
Published: February 2021

Introduction
The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of vaccination of infants with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) on the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children under 5 years of age in the Czech Republic.

Material and methods
The present study includes all IPD cases reported in children aged 0–4 years within the surveillance program in 2007–2017. The impact of PCV is analysed for five categories of IPD: cases caused by all serotypes, cases caused by PCV7 serotypes (4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F), cases caused by three additional PCV10 serotypes (1, 5, and 7F), cases caused by three additional PCV13 serotypes (3, 6A, and 19A), and cases caused by non-PCV serotypes. To assess the impact of PCV, the study period was divided into the pre-vaccination period 2007–2008 and post-vaccination period 2009–2017, which was divided into three three-year parts: 2009–2011, 2012–2014, and 2015–2017. Analysis of differences between periods was based on the Poisson regression model where the population numbers were handled as an offset.

Results
The annual incidence of IPD in children under 5 years of age caused by all serotypes has had a downward trend since 2007: it dropped from 8.52/100 000 in 2007 to 2.67/100 000 in 2017, with slight increases in 2010 and 2013. All three post-vaccination periods show significantly lower (p<0.001) incidences in comparison to the pre-vaccination period, but they do not statistically significantly differ from each other.

Conclusions
IPD surveillance data in the Czech Republic show that after the introduction of PCV vaccination of infants, there has been a significant decrease in the IPD incidence of children under 5 years of age. Continued IPD surveillance is essential to monitor for possible post-vaccination serotype replacement.
Analysing culture methods of frozen human ovarian tissue to improve follicle survival
Authors: Bjarkadottir Briet D , Walker Charlotte A , Fatum Muhammad , Lane Sheila , Williams Suzannah A 
Published: February 2021

In vitro follicle growth is a potential fertility preservation method for patients for whom current methods are contraindicated. Currently, this method has only been successful using fresh ovarian tissue. Since many patients who may benefit from this treatment currently have cryopreserved ovarian tissue in storage, optimising in vitro follicle growth (IVG) for cryopreserved-thawed tissue is critical. This study sought to improve the first step of IVG by comparing different short-term culture systems for cryopreserved-thawed human ovarian tissue, in order to yield a higher number of healthy multilayer follicles. We compared two commonly used culture media (αMEM and McCoy’s 5A), and three plate conditions (300 µL, 1 mL on a polycarbonate membrane and 1 mL in a gas-permeable plate) on the health and development of follicles after 6 days of culture. A total of 5797 follicles from three post-pubertal patients (aged 21.3 ± 2.3 years) were analysed across six different culture conditions and non-cultured control. All culture systems supported follicle development and there was no difference in developmental progression between the different conditions tested. Differences in follicle morphology were evident with follicles cultured in low volume conditions having significantly greater odds of being graded as morphologically normal compared to other conditions. Furthermore, culture in a low volume of αMEM resulted in the highest proportion of morphologically normal primary and multilayer follicles (23.8% compared to 6.3-19.9% depending on condition). We, therefore, recommend culturing cryopreserved human ovarian tissue in a low volume of αMEM to support follicle health and development.

Lay summary
Ovaries contain a large number of follicles, each containing an immature egg and other important cells. Cancer treatments can lead to long-lasting negative side effects to the ovaries including the destruction of follicles, resulting in infertility. One strategy to preserve fertility is freezing of ovaries or ovarian tissue in girls and women undergoing cancer treatment. The long-term aim is to thaw and grow their ovarian tissue in the laboratory to obtain mature eggs, which can then be fertilised. In this study, we compared six different methods of growing previously frozen human ovarian tissue in order to best support follicle growth and health. We found that using the lowest amount of αMEM medium (a specific type of nutrient-rich growth solution) resulted in the highest proportion of healthy follicles. Improving the methods used to grow ovarian tissue, particularly frozen tissue, is important for future fertility preservation.
Una mirada a los valores en el contexto universitario: Cuba
Authors: Reyes-Quiñones Edelmis Cristina 
Published: February 2021

Los valores en el contexto universitario son intencionalmente priorizados en todos los espacios sociales, por tanto la credibilidad y la pertinencia de la universidad del siglo XXI se harán evidentes en la medida en que se forjen profesionales que sean hombres y mujeres de paz y de decoro, cuya sólida formación humanista y alta capacitación científico-técnica sean fuente de inspiración para acometer con audacia responsable, la búsqueda de soluciones que permitan salvar al planeta y construir un mundo mejor para todas las personas.
SISTEM PREDIKSI TINGKAT KRIMINALITAS MENGGUNAKAN METODE TRIPLE EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING: STUDI KASUS PADA POLRES KABUPATEN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Sumari Arwin Datumaya Wahyudi , Pratama Ricky Yulian Adi , Triswidrananta Odhitya Desta 
Published: February 2021

Criminality is all forms of action and conduct that violate the law as well social and religious norms that are detrimental to the society both economically and psychologically. The emergence of verious crime forms with new dimension recently shows that the criminality is always developing. In the effort to reduce the increase of the crime rate, a crime action prediction system is needed to anticipate the future. In this research a crime rate prediction system based in the types of criminal action using Triple Exponential Smoothing (TES) method has been developed, and the prediction accuracy of the system is measured by using Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) method with a case study on Resort Police of Kabupaten Probolinggo, East Jawa. From the conducted test, obtained results MAPE score of theft by weighting (Curat) type is 7% or Very Accurate prediction criterion. MAPE score for crime action type Others, motor vehicle theft (Curanmor), Destruction, and Fraud are 9.8%, 14.4%, 13.6%, and 16%, or Good prediction criterion. For crime action type Beatings, violent theft (Curas), severe persecution (Anirat), Murder, and Thief each one has MAPE score 23.2%, 31.2%, 21.2%, 33.2%, and 50%, or Reasonable prediction criterion, while MAPE score for Animal Theft is 92% or Inaccurate prediction criterion. In general, the criminality rate prediction system using TES method that has been developed for the case study on Resort Police of Kabupaten Probolinggo obtains MAPE score 28,3% or Reasonable prediction criterion.
Biomechanical evidence-based transosseous osteosynthesis in treatment of humerus fractures complicated by chronic osteomyelitis and consequences
Authors: Tsiskarashvili Archil V. , Melikova Regina E. , Zhadin Andrei V. , Kuzmenkov Konstantin A. 
Published: February 2021

Aim. To study the results of treatment of patients with fractures of the humerus and their consequences, including those complicated by chronic osteomyelitis, by the method of biomechanically grounded transosseous osteosynthesis.
Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of the results of treatment of fractures and pseudarthrosis of the humerus, including those complicated by chronic osteomyelitis, was carried out by the method of biomechanically substantiated transosseous osteosynthesis in 74 patients who were in the N.I. N.N. Priorov in the period from 2011 to 2019. Osteosynthesis with a rod-based apparatus was performed in 36 (48.6%) patients, with a spoke-rod in 38 (51.4%) patients.
Results. Complete consolidation of bone fragments of the humerus and relief of the purulent-inflammatory process were achieved in all cases studied. Excellent treatment results were achieved in 25 (34%) cases, good results were obtained in 44 (60%) patients, satisfactory results were stated in 4 (6%) patients. No unsatisfactory outcomes were registered.
Conclusion. The use of biomechanically based transosseous osteosynthesis in the treatment of fractures of the humerus and their consequences, including those complicated by chronic osteomyelitis, provided up to 94% of excellent and good results.
Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding smoking in school going adolescents of Kashmir, India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Balwan Walied Khawar , Allaqband Uroosa Farooq , Kaul Rauf Ur Rashid 
Published: February 2021

Background: Cigarette smoking, in the developed world, has been the major habit among children for both boys and girls. They usually take to the habit while in school before the age of 18. In India, tobacco consumption in multiple forms presents an emerging, significant and growing threat to the health of the adolescents. As per WHO Global Youth tobacco Survey GYTS (2009) India, 14.6% of students currently use any form of tobacco, 4.4%currently smoke cigarettes, 12.5% currently use some other form of tobacco. Objective was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of school going adolescents regarding smoking.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was taken in school going adolescents of Kashmir. The study included three districts from Kashmir valley and from each district, 2 government middle schools (1 girls and 1 boys), 2 government high schools (1 girls and 1 boys), 2 government higher secondary schools (1 girls and 1 boys) were selected. Also from the list of private schools one middle school, one high school and one higher secondary school (All having co-education) were selected. Thus, a total of 27 schools, 9 from each selected district, were included in the study. A total of 1000 students participated in this study.Results: The current study included 464 males (46.4%) and 536 (53.6%) females. Among the study subjects, 523 (52.30%) belonged to the 12-15 year age bracket and 477 (47.70%) were between 16-18 years of age. Maximum of study participants belonged to nuclear family (63.10%) followed by joint family (36.90%). Majority of the study subjects belonged to socio-economic class IV (lower middle) 36.10% followed by class III (middle) 23.90% as per Modified BG Prasad’s classification.Conclusions: 75.9% opined that smoking tobacco is harmful to health in comparison to 89.1% of non-smokers, a difference found to be statistically highly significant (p value <0.001). Prevention of tobacco use in young people and the consumption of tobacco, among school students should be considered as a matter of great concern which requires holistic understanding.
A study to evaluate the demographic profile of voluntary and replacement blood donors at tertiary care hospital in Mumbai, India: a 5-year retrospective comparative analysis
Authors: Parveen Khaneta , Khan Abdul F. , Khan Abdul S. 
Published: February 2021

Background: Blood donor base is the foundation of any blood transfusion system. Donor screening plays an important role in ensuring the safety of the blood supply.1 This study was undertaken with the aim to screen the blood donor’s demographic profile as male, female voluntary and replacement blood donors and to estimate seroprevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV and VDRL transmissible by blood transfusion in voluntary and replacement male and female blood donors during the last 5 year period.Methods: The present study was conducted over a period of 5 years (2001-2005) and involved 1,53,020 blood donors including both (voluntary, replacement males and females) who were thoroughly screened and selected for blood donation in blood bank at Departments of Pathology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM hospital, Mumbai. We determine among blood donors by their donor type (voluntary and replacement type) and gender wise.Results: The total number of blood donors in five years period was 1,53,020 (100%). Maximum number of voluntary blood donors 1,00,316 (65.55%), followed by replacement blood donors 52,704 (34.33%).The overwhelming majority of donors in entire 5 years period was of male, comprising 1,36,195 (89.0%), while the female donors comprised of 16825 (10.99%).Conclusions: The maximum number of donors are voluntary males (55.69%) followed by replacement males (33.30%). Our results indicate that the number of female blood donors were less in comparison to male blood donors, so proper health education is required for female blood donors.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DENGAN MODEL DISCOVERY LEARNING MELALUI GOOGLE CLASSROOM DI SMA NEGERI 1 BAYAT
Authors: Ambarsari Tyas 
Published: February 2021

<p class="AbstracttitleDERJournal">ABSTRACT</p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar sosiologi materi globalisasi melalui model <em>discovery learning </em> pada <em>google classroom.</em> Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan subjek penelitian kepada peserta didik kelas XII IPS 1 di SMAN 1 Bayat berlokasi Kabupaten Klaten semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2020/2021 sebanyak 22 peserta didik, terdiri dari 8 laki-laki, 14 perempuan. Metode yang digunakan penelitian tindakan kelas dengan desain penelitian menggunakan Kemmis dan Mac Taggart yang terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan wawancara, observasi dan tes. Dari hasil penelitian pra siklus melalui hasil Penilaian Tengah Semester menunjukkan ketuntasan 41%. Kemudian meningkat di siklus I dan siklus II yaitu siklus I ( 63,6%) dan siklus II (86,6%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah dengan penerapan discovery learning melalui google classroom dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XII IPS 1 SMA Negeri 1 Bayat Klaten.</p>
PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA BAHARI (Studi Deskriptif Pada Pelaku Pengembangan Pariwisata Bahari Pantai Watukarung Desa Watukarung Kecamatan Pringkuku Kabupaten Pacitan)
Authors: Sayogi Karina Wulan , Demartoto Argyo 
Published: February 2021

<p><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Abstract :</span><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Tourism has become one of the world's largest industry after oil and gas. Tourism in Indonesia is very complex to be developed into a marine tourism including Watukarung in Pacitan Regency. This research aims to know the marine tourism potential, supporting and restricting factors, strategies, as well as the impact of tourism development on the coast of Watukarung in the village of Watukarng sub-district of Pacitan Regency East Java Pringkuku using a theory of Pierre Bourdieu F Practices. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The technique of sampling with the purposive sampling. The technique of data collection by observation, interview and documentation. The results of this research show that the tourism potential of the natural potential of the particular form of coastal marine coast Watukarung; social potential that is the attitude of the pillars and royong community; the economic potential that is people's livelihoods as fishermen and tourism businesses in the form of food stalls, homestay, laundry cleaning, and manufacture souvenirs; and potential of culture is karawitan, ketoprak, rontek, and the hadrah. </span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Marine tourism, beach, development, supporting and restricting factors, the impact</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Abstrak: </strong><span style="font-size: medium;">Pariwisata telah menjadi salah satu industri terbesar di dunia setelah minyak dan gas. Pariwisata di Indonesia sangat kompleks untuk dikembangkan menjadi wisata bahari termasuk Watukarung di Kabupaten Pacitan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi wisata bahari, faktor pendukung dan pembatas, strategi, serta dampak pengembangan pariwisata di pesisir Watukarung di Desa Watukarang Kecamatan Prapuku Kabupaten Pacitan Jawa Timur menggunakan teori Pierre Bourdieu F Praktik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa potensi wisata potensi alam berupa bentuk pantai pesisir laut tertentu Watukarung; potensi sosial yaitu sikap pilar dan komunitas royong; potensi ekonomi yang merupakan mata pencaharian masyarakat sebagai nelayan dan usaha pariwisata dalam bentuk warung makan, homestay, laundry, dan pembuatan souvenir; dan potensi budaya adalah karawitan, ketoprak, rontek, dan hadrah. </span></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong><span style="font-size: medium;">: Wisata bahari, pantai, pengembangan, faktor pendukung dan pembatasan, dampaknya</span></p>
DINAMIKA PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PARRIWISATA DI DAERAH PESISIR KABUPATEN REMBANG (Studi Deskriptif Obyek Wisata Pantai Karang Jahe Desa Punjulharjo Kecamatan Rembang, Kabupaten Rembang)
Authors: Yuanita Rizka Adhe , Gutama Thomas Aquinas 
Published: February 2021

<div class="page" title="Page 52"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran perempuan dalam pengembangan pariwisata di daerah pesisir Kabupaten Rembang dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi peran perempuan dalam pengembangan pariwisata di daerah pesisir Kabupaten Rembang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran perempuan dalam pengembangan pariwisata di daerah pesisir Pantai Karang Jahe Desa Punjulharjo Kabupaten Rembang sangat berperan dalam atraksi dan penyediaan fasilitas di kawasan wisata Pantai Karang Jahe. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dari keterlibatan peran perempuan dalam kegiatan pelatihan-pelatihan yang diadakan oleh pihak-pihak terkait dan menyediaakan fasilitas wisata dengan membuka kegiatan usaha seperti berdagang di kawasan wisata untuk menyediakan kebutuhan-kebutuhan pengunjung. Akan tetapi dalam aksesbilitasi dan </span><span>tourism organization</span><span>, peran perempuan dirasa masih kurang karena hanya sedikit yang terlibat. Faktor yang mempengaruhi peran perempuan dalam pengembangan pariwisata Pantai Karang Jahe ini berupa : kurangnya koordinasi, kurangnya pengetahuan dan ketrampilan, masih menganut sistem patriarki dan masih adanya budaya nenek moyang yang dianut.</span></p></div></div></div>