bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of Hydrogen and Methane Rich Gas by Stepped Pyrolysis of Biomass and Its Utilization in I.C. Engines.
Authors: PRAJAPATI BRIJESH Kumar , Gautam Shalini , Anand Amrit , Singh Preetam 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Automobile industries are majorly based on petroleum-based fuels like petrol and diesel that create environmental hazards, a high carbon footprint, and creating serious health issues. To reduce the problem associated with fossil fuel utilization, the world is focusing on CNG-based energy solutions and developing the infrastructures for CNG. There is a need to transfer towards hydrogen fuel-based infrastructure in near future. The current focus to introduce a fraction of hydrogen with CNG in the existing fuel system is initiated here. Therefore, the utilization of biomass is taken into account for the production of high hydrogen-containing fuel to cut down the carbon footprint and environmental issues. Biomass residues such as Sun hemp, Pigeon pea, Mustard stem, Wheat straw, Dhaincha, and Vantulsi were slow pyrolyzed in a stepped manner to produce a hydrogen-rich clean fuel. Product gas (hydrogen-rich CNG i.e., H-CNG) obtain by this pyrolysis process contains almost 40%-55% hydrogen and 10%-25% methane balanced with oxides of carbon depending on different biomass feedstocks. This study is also focused on the performance of 2kva HONDA Genset in terms of its running duration when obtained Bio-HCNG gas is used as fuel and a correlation is also developed between H2, CH4, ΔH (Change in Hydrogen wt. % during the process) and D (Duration for which Genset will run in minutes) i.e., D = -6.25 + 0.996ΔH + 0.3889CG for model 1 & D = -9.20 + 0.090ΔH + 0.6099H2 + 0.1893CH4 for model 2.
Effect of Retina Detachment Surgery at Long Time on Macular Microvascular Structure: An Optical Coherencetomographyangiography Study
Authors: Demir Mehmet 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the macular microvascular changes after surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD) using optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA).MethodsStudy analyzed the of 33 patients, who underwent pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) plus tamponade silicon oil(SO) or sulfurhexafluoride/perfloropropan(SF6/C3F8), or silicon band cerclage(SBC) in one eye. Operated eyes were included in group A(n=33) and fellow eyes served as control group B (n=33). The group A were created according to the type of surgery. Subgroup1: PPV+SBC+SO tamponade, subgroup 2: PPV+SF6/C3F8 tamponade, subgroup 3: PPV+SO tamponade and subgroup 4:SBC+SF6/C3F8 tamponade. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA, log MAR), superficial and deep retinal vessel density(VD), choriocapillarisVD, foveal avascularzone(FAZ) area (mm2) and centra lmacular thickness(CMT) were evaluated using OCTA.ResultsMean postoperative follow-up time was 23±16.6 months, BCVA was 0.53±0.5 in group A, 0.01 in group B(p<0.001), in subgroups 1-4: 0.64±0.35, 0.45±0.43, 0.41±0.54, 0.40±0.76, respectively(p<0.001). Mean CMT(µm) was in groups A, B: 271±59, 261±37 (p=0.468); in subgroups 1-4: 239±46, 277±70, 273±60, 308±48, respectively(p=0.018). VD (%) in group A, B for superficial parafoveal (40.3±6.7 vs 46.9±6.2, p<0.001), superficial superiorhemifield (39.6±6.3vs 45.6±.2(p<0.001) and superficial inferiorhemifield (38.2±9.1vs 44.9±5.7(p<0.001). Mean VD in subgroups 1-4: for superficial superiorhemifield 40.25±7.8, 36.4±3.7, 40.1±6.3, 40.7±6(p=0.003); for superficial inferiorhemifield 36.0±14.5, 37.0±3.9, 40.1±5.7, 39.6±6.5p=0.019); for deep fovea 27.0±8.9, 33.6±10.3, 33.2±7.4 ,42.37±8.2(p=0.016). The mean FAZ area(mm2) in group A and B: 0.286±0.14;0.264±0.11(p=0.59), in subgroups 1-4: 0.363±0.14, 0.268±0.11, 0.221±0.13,0.279±0.13(p=0.131). ConclusionSuperficial and deepVD measurements of OCTA represented a decreasing trend following the surgery for RRD. The FAZ area was similar between theoperated and fellow eyes for a longer follow-up period.
Freezing and thawing magnetic droplet solitons
Authors: Ahlberg M. , Chung Sunjae , Jiang Sheng , Le Q. Tuan , Khymyn Roman , Mazraati Hamid , Weigand Markus , Bykova Iuliia , Groß Felix , Goering Eberhard , Schütz Gisela , Gräfe Joachim , Åkerman Johan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Magnetic droplets are non-topological magnetodynamical solitons displaying a wide range of complex dynamic phenomena with potential for microwave signal generation. Bubbles, on the other hand, are internally static cylindrical magnetic domains, stabilized by external fields and magnetostatic interactions. In its original theory, the droplet was described as an imminently collapsing bubble stabilized by spin transfer torque and, in its zero-frequency limit, as equivalent to a bubble. Without nanoscale lateral confinement, pinning, or an external applied field, such a nanobubble is unstable, and should collapse. Here, we show that we can freeze dynamic droplets into static nanobubbles by decreasing the magnetic field. While the bubble has virtually the same resistance as the droplet, all signs of low-frequency microwave noise disappear. The transition is fully reversible and the bubble can be thawed back into a droplet if the magnetic field is increased under current. Whereas the droplet collapses without a sustaining current, the bubble is highly stable and remains intact for days without external drive. Electrical measurements are complemented by direct observation using scanning transmission x-ray microscopy, which corroborates the analysis and confirms that the bubble is stabilized by pinning.
Land-Use Is More Important Predictor of Native Abundance and Diversity Than Invasive Tithonia Diversifolia - Evidence From a Tropical Savanna
Authors: Anibaba Quadri Agbolade , Yilangai Rahila M , Wala Zingfa W , Saha Sonali 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Invasive alien species (IAS) and land-use represent major threats to native plant communities around the globe. However, studies on IAS and potential ecological impacts in the context of land-use are limited in sub-Saharan Africa. Using a set of 45 plots in Jos metropolis in central Nigeria, we assessed the abundance of invasive Tithonia diversifolia (Hemls.) A. Gray, and its relationship with abundance and diversity of native plant species among land-use types. Abundance of T. diversifolia was the highest in farmland when compared to riparian and roadside land-use types. Also, the abundance and diversity of native species were lowest in farmland when compared to the roadside and riparian plant communities with increased T. diversifolia abundance. We showed that while T. diversifolia has low impact on native species, land-use type is an important predictor of native abundance and diversity. Although T. diversifolia has benefitted from the disturbances across land-use types, we found a very weak negative estimate of T. diversifolia effects on native species. These results consolidate existing evidence that land-use transformation in sub-Saharan Africa provides opportunities for alien plant invasion and native species decline. More important is the preservation of land-use types, which will result in a synergy of conservation effort - both reducing T. diversifolia abundance and preserving native plant abundance and diversity in central Nigeria.
Predictive Performance of Gargle Test in Prediction of Successful Extubation in Patients Undergoing Head and Neck Surgery in ICU
Authors: Beigmohammadi Mohammad Taghi , Amoozadeh Laya , Alipour Abbas 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Improvement of predictive tools for recognition of airway edema is crucial for safe extubation and patient safety. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of gargle test for assessment of airway edema and prediction of successful extubation in patients undergoing head and neck surgeries.
Methods

This is a prospective observational study on 118 patients that were undergone head and neck surgeries and been admitted to intensive care units. All the patients were weaned based on the same protocol. Initially, quantitative, and qualitative Cuff Leak Test were done and, the decision for extubation was made by employing them. Subsequently, gargling with purified water was implemented. Exclusion criteria were consisted of the impossibility of extubation due to reasons other than airway edema such as pneumonia. Independent sample t-test was applied to study the difference between quantitative variables between two groups, and Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables. P-value < 0.05 was determined as a significant difference between the variables. To investigate the relationship between these two tests, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were calculated.
Result

One hundred eighteen were enrolled in this study. Sixty-seven patients (56.78%) male and 51 patients (43.22%) were female with a mean age of 54.7 ± 12.2 year. Due to surgical manipulations, and anatomical problems in the hypopharynx and larynx, 5 patients (4.2%) were not able to perform the gargle test. Six patients (5.1%) were facing extubation failure since they experienced respiratory distress and stridor. A measure of agreement (kappa) of gargle test with qualitative and quantitative CLT was low (K = 0.21, k = 0.07, respectively). The gargle test had higher specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy compared to quantitative and qualitative CLT. Extubation failure in patients with positive gargle test was significantly lower than patients with negative gargle test (3.7% vs. 33.4 % respectively, P = 0.032).
Conclusion

The gargle test is simple, cheap, and does not require any equipment, and groups of nerves and muscles which control larynx function are being assessed in the gargle test. It provides better patients safety in difficult extubations.
Groundwater quality assessment of Dashtestan using WQI index in 2007
Authors: Sorkhabi Omid Memarian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Water is a major source of economic development, social security and poverty reduction. The value of this resource on the one hand and its limitation on the other hand has led to increased management measures to maintain the quantity and quality of water by different communities. In this research, the water quality index (WQI) for the Dehroud and Tang Eram regions of Dashtestan in 2007 has been investigated. The average WQI in 2007 is 66,798. WQI was better off in the Northeast in 2007 than in the Southeast. The maximum values of PH, TDS and EC in 2007 are 7.9, 5000 and 7500, respectively.
Characterization of RsgWBDC053: A New Greenbug Resistance Gene From Wild Barley (Hordeum Vulgare ssp. Spontaneum)
Authors: Xu Xiangyang , Mornhinweg Dolores , Bernardo Amy , Li Genqiao , Bian Ruolin , Steffenson Brian J. , Bai Guihua 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Greenbug (Schizaphis graminum Rondani) is a destructive insect pest that not only damages plants, but also serves as a vector for many viruses. Host plant resistance is the preferred strategy for managing greenbug. To date, only two greenbug resistance genes, Rsg1 and Rsg2, have been reported in barley, with only the former being deployed in cultivars. To breed cultivars with effective resistance against various greenbug biotypes, additional resistance genes are urgently needed to sustain barley production. Wild barley accession WBDC053 (PI 681777), originating from the Baluchistan region of Pakistan, was previously found to be resistant to several greenbug biotypes. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from Weskan × WBDC053 was evaluated for response to greenbug biotype E and genotyped using genotyping by sequencing (GBS). A set of 3,347 high quality GBS-derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were then used to map a greenbug resistance gene in this wild barley accession. Linkage analysis placed the greenbug resistance gene in WBDC053, temporarily designated RsgWBDC053, in a 2.35 Mb interval (0-2,354,645 bp) in the terminal region of the short arm of chromosome 2H. This interval harbors 15 genes with leucine-rich-repeat (LRR) protein domains. An allelism test between WBDC053 carrying RsgWBDC053 and STARS1501B carrying Rsg2 indicated that the former is either allelic or closely linked to the latter. GBS-SNPs 2H_1318811 and 2H_1839499 co-segregated with RsgWBDC053 and were converted to Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers, KASP-Rsg053-1 and KASP-Rsg0533-2. The two KASP markers can be used to select for RsgWBDC053, but also have the potential to tag Rsg2 in barley improvement programs.
Coordination of Hospitals in the Corona Pandemic
Authors: Neidel Tobias , Heins Jakob , Herrmann Katharina , Martignoni André , Zinsmeister Thomas , Dettmar Roland , Pukelsheim Markus , Brunner Jens O. , Heller Axel R. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
BackgroundThe second wave of Corona-Pandemic posed the German Healthcare system to a major challenge. Due to the fast and wide spreading of SARS-CoV-2 in November 2020, the number of COVID-19-patients needing intensive care treatment was rapidly growing. Transferring patients between hospitals was necessary to prevent an overflow of treatment capacities within the ambulance district of Augsburg. This project aimed to create a coordination structure that ensures an efficient guiding of all hospitals within the ambulance district Augsburg.Material and methodsAn executive order of the Bavarian ministries of health and internal affairs 1 lead to the appointment of a Medical Director of Hospital Coordination (MDHC) within each ambulance district. Each hospital had to nominate a pandemic officer (PO). Based on the executive order and the “disaster management manual 100” we established a hospital coordination structure for the ambulance district Augsburg.ResultsBetween October 18th, 2020, and February 14th, 2021, the staff of the MDHC coordinated 407 transfers of patients. 223 patients were treated on a general ward, 184 on intensive care units. The transfers prevented several impending triage situations. Using the coordination structure, the urgent reduction of a COVID-19 intensive care unit of a level 1 hospital from 7 to 2 beds was managed within 4 hours after an alarm. ConclusionsBased on the “disaster management manual 100”2 we were able to establish a hospital coordination structure that can withstand high pressure and ensured that impending triage situations were prevented. Urgent shortages of treatment capacities were balanced through the transfer of patients. The major problem was the lack of intensive care personnel.
The Impact of Alcohol Drinking And Tobacco Smoking On The Drug-Resistance of Newly Diagnosed Tuberculosis
Authors: Song Wan-mei , Liu Jing-yue , Fu Qi , Xu Ting-ting , Li Shi-jin , Tao Ning-ning , Zhang Qian-yun , Liu Si-qi , An Qi-qi , Zhu Xue-han , Liu Yao , Yu Chun-bao , Li Yi-fan , Dong Ji-hua , Li Huai-chen 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Finding out more predictors of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) helps to facilitate TB prevention and control. Previous study had revealed that tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking might be a risk factor for developing drug-resistant tuberculosis. However, few discussed their joint impact on resistance among newly diagnosed TB cases. This study aimed to assess and compare the joint and independent effect of smoking and drinking on TB resistance.Methods: This was a retrospective study of 7996 newly diagnosed TB patients who were collected from Shandong, China from Jan 1, 2004, to Dec 31, 2020, and all had drug susceptibility results, information about smoking and alcohol consumption. Patients were classified into four groups including smoker only(G1), drinker only(G2), smoker+drinker(G3), non-smoker+non-drinker group(G0). We described the drug-resistant profiles, clinical factors and also calculated the ORs of different drug-resistance among G1, G2, G3, compared to G0.Results:Of 7996 TB cases enrolled, the proportions of G1, G2, G3, and G0 were 8.25%, 3.89%, 16.46%, 71.40%, respectively. The rates of DR-TB, mono-resistant (MR)-TB, multidrug resistant (MDR)-TB, polydrug resistant (PDR)-TB in G1, G2, G3 and G0 were 19.24%/16.4%/17.33%/19.08%, 11.52%/8.68%/10.94%/11.63%, 3.03%/2.57%/2.96%/3.66%, 4.7%/4.82%/3.34%/4.08%, respectively. G3 had a higher risk of MDR1: isoniazid+rifampin (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.913, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.036-3.532), but had a lower risk of DR-TB (aOR=0.839, 95%CI: 0.712-0.988), rifampin-related resistance (aOR=0.675, 95%CI: 0.492-0.925), streptomycin-related resistance (aOR=0.819, 95%CI: 0.675-0.993), EMB-related resistance (aOR=0.571, 95%CI: 0.342-0.954), MDR3: isoniazid+rifampin+streptomycin (aOR=0.406, 95%CI: 0.194-0.851, any isoniazid+streptomycin resistance (aOR=0.845, 95%CI: 0.714-1). However, there were no significant differences between G1 and G0, G2 and G0 in all drug-resistant sub-types. Those who with cavity had a higher risk of DR-TB among G3 (OR=1.354, 95%CI:1.011-1.814).Conclusions: Although we did not found a independent impact of alcohol drinking or tobacco smoking on TB drug-resistance respectively, these two habits had a joint effect on TB drug-resistance. We should be alert for the emergence of isoniazid+rifampin resistance among populations with both smoking and drinking habits.
The Downregulation of EIF3a Contributes to Vemurafenib Resistance in Melanoma By Activating ERK Via PPP2R1B
Authors: Jiang Shilong , Wang Zhibin , Zhu Tao , Jiang Ting , Fei Jiangfeng , Luo Chao , Liu Chong , Cheng Yan , Liu Zhaoqian 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Vemurafenib, a BRAF V600E inhibitor, provides therapeutic benefits for melanoma patients, but the frequently emergence of drug resistance remains a challenge. Understanding the mechanisms behind vemurafenib resistance may generate novel therapeutic strategy for melanoma patients. Methods: KEGG analysis for eIF3a-mediated pathway and identified the KRAS pathway was significantly enriched after silencing eIF3a. The role of eIF3a in vemurafenib chemosensitivity were investigated by CCK8, and clonogenic assay. To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of eIF3a on regulating ERK, we performed a series of overexpression and knockdown experiments. In addition, luciferase assay and RIP assay were used to demonstrate the translation regulation between eIF3a and PPP2R1B. The association between eIF3a and PPP2R1B mRNA expression was analyzed using the TCGA datasets. Results: we demonstrated that eIF3a, a translational regulatory protein, was an important mediator involved in vemurafenib resistance. EIF3a expression was significantly lower in vemurafenib-resistant A375 melanoma cells (A375R) compared with the parental A375 cells. Overexpression of eIF3a enhanced the sensitivity of BRAF inhibitor by downregulating p-ERK expression. We further revealed that eIF3a controls ERK activity though regulating the phosphatase PPP2R1B expression via translation mechanism, thus determining the sensitivity of vemurafenib in melanoma cells. In addition, the positive relationship between eIF3a and PPP2R1B was also demonstrated in tumor samples from HPA and TCGA database. Conclusion: eIF3a is a potential prognostic predictor for vemurafenib therapy, which may provide new strategy for predicting vemurafenib responses in clinical treatment.
Lanthanum(Ⅲ)-amino Acid Chelate Mitigates Copper(Ⅱ) Stress in Rice (Oryza Sativa)
Authors: Chen Jiajia , Zhong Yuqing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Lanthanum (La(Ⅲ)) is known to alleviate heavy metal stress. However, the bioavailability of inorganic La(Ⅲ) is limited due to easy oxidization and low absorption. This study synthesized and characterized the lanthanum(Ⅲ)-amino acid chelate (La(Ⅲ)-AA) from soybean protein isolate (SPI) hydrolysates. Maximum chelating rate (94.95%) was obtained at mole ratio 1:1.5, pH 8.0, 50 ℃ and 5 h. Glu, Asp and Pro represent the primary La(Ⅲ)-binding ligands. UV-vis and FTIR demonstrated that amino nitrogen and carboxyl oxygen participate in metal-ligand recognition. Scanning and Transmission electron microscopy showed that La(Ⅲ) chelates with amino acids in a core-shell structure of uniform size. Based on this, putative chemical structure of La(Ⅲ)-AA was suggested. La-AA outperforms inorganic La salts in growth promotion and Cu detoxification. This study provides a novel La(Ⅲ)-based candidate for crop protection and advances our knowledge of rare earth-induced amelioration in heavy metal stress.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Novel COVID-19 Prognostic Score for Patients with Suspected COVID-19
Authors: Lupei Monica I. , Li Danni , Ingraham Nicholas E , Baum Karyn D. , Benson Bradley , Puskarich Michael , Milbrandt David , Melton Genevieve B. , Scheppmann Daren , Usher Michael G. , Tignanelli Christopher J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Patient safety and optimal resource allocation are essential during the COVID-19 pandemic. We present a COVID-19 prognostic algorithm implemented in real-time as a clinical decision support structure for symptomatic persons under investigation (PUI) for COVID-19 in the emergency department (ED).Methods: The training data included 1,469 patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 within 14 days of acute care. The validation was done using a retrospective set of 414 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients and a PUI set of 13,271 patients who had symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 test during acute care visit. We performed a real-time model assessment on 2,174 patients with an ED visit and symptomatic test or COVID-19 positive result. The logistic regression prognostic model used demographics, comorbidities, home medications, and vital signs factors. The COVID-19 severity outcome comprised a composite of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, invasive mechanical ventilation (ventilator) use, and mortality.Results: The area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) was 0.87 (95%-CI: 0.83, 0.91) in the retrospective validation and 0.82 (95%-CI: 0.81, 0.83) in the PUI population for predicting COVID-19 severity. The model had an AUROC of 0.85 (95%-CI, 0.83, 0.87) in the real-time set. The rates of ICU admission, ventilator use, and death in patients with the lowest 20% of the scores were zero, significantly lower compared to those rates (20.6%, 9.5%, and 18.1%, respectively) for patients with the highest 20% of the scores in the real-time set. The model performed equitably across racial/ethnic minorities.Conclusion: Our prognostic model score developed on COVID-19 positive patients performed well on PUI patients and in real-time in ED to support clinical decision making.