bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Super High Sensitivity Plasmonic Temperature Sensor Based on Square Ring Shape Resonator with Nanorods Defects
Authors: Pan Ji , Qianhan Shi , Ling Zheng , guanghui Wang , fang chen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A super high sensitivity plasmonic temperature sensor via a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide system is presented in this paper, the waveguide structure is composed of a square ring shape resonator with nanorods defects and a nanodisk resonator. Finite difference-time domain method (FDTD) is used to study the structure’s transmission characteristics and electromagnetic field distributions. Results show that sensitivity will be increased due to the gap plasmonic in the nanorod defect, the nanodisk resonator provides more plasmonic resonant modes for sensing. The positions and intensities of plasmonic resonant modes can be tuned by the radius of nanorod defects and coupling distance. The calculated maximum refractive index and FOM are and 3500, respectively. Compared to the structure without nanorods, the sensitivity is enhanced 33% for mode 1. For temperature sensing, the proposed structure possesses a relatively high sensitivity of about . The proposed plasmonic structure provides a basis for designing high sensitivity nano-biosensing, refractive index sensing.
From Inshore To Offshore: Microplastic Flows in Three Areas of The MSFD Italian Subregions
Authors: Sbrana Alice , Valente Tommaso , Bianchi Jessica , Franceschini Simone , Piermarini Raffaella , Saccomandi Flavia , de Lucia Andrea Giuseppe , Camedda Andrea , Matiddi Marco , Silvestri Cecilia 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
An increasing number of ecologists and researchers have addressed microplastics pollution in marine waters to explain the source, the transport, and the fate of these pollutants. Further data on the concentration of microplastics in the water column are crucial for understanding the impacts on ecosystems and to implement monitoring programs.This study provides information on the concentration and composition of sea water surface microplastics in three Italian subregions of the MSFD. We examined the flow of MPs from coastal to offshore areas, comparing their densities. We tested the efficiency of two sampling methodologies to evaluate the abundance and typology of MPs between marine layers. The results of this study confirm the high values of this pollutant in the Mediterranean Sea (0.029 ± 0.033 items · m-2), a MPs gradient from coastal to offshore areas, and a difference between the surface and subsurface marine layers.
Thinking magically or thinking scientifically: Cognitive and belief predictors of complementary and alternative medicine use in women with and without cancer diagnosis
Authors: Čavojová Vladimíra , Kaššaiová Zuzana , Šrol Jakub , Mikušková Eva Ballová 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is popular among the general population and patients with various diseases, but our understanding of the predictors of CAM use for the population of women with or without cancer diagnosis is still quite limited. This paper examines predictors of attitudes toward and use of CAM, including cognitive factors (scientific reasoning, health literacy, locus of control), beliefs (holistic and magical health beliefs pseudoscientific beliefs, and trust in doctors), sociodemographic factors, and cancer diagnosis.
Methods
The sample consisted of 177 women (103, 58.2% without cancer, 74, 41.8% with cancer diagnosis; Mage = 38.81, SD = 11.43).
Results
Pseudoscientific/magical beliefs and external locus of control were the strongest predictors of positive attitudes toward CAM and its higher use, as well as preference for CAM instead of conventional treatment. Cancer diagnosis predicted only higher CAM use, but not more positive attitudes to CAM, nor preference for CAM instead of conventional medicine. There was no difference between women with and without cancer diagnosis in using CAM after we controlled for age and education. Women in our sample had a similar level of magical beliefs, holistic health beliefs, and attitudes toward CAM regardless of their cancer diagnosis. However, women with cancer had significantly more pseudoscientific beliefs than women without cancer and a higher external locus of control over their health.
Conclusion
Women who have an inclination toward holistic and magical beliefs about health tend to favor CAM treatments independently of the cancer diagnosis, although the diagnosis of cancer also contributes to their higher use of CAM. In other words, it seems improbable that women would turn toward CAM treatment only after being diagnosed with cancer.
Optimization of Different Fitness Functions Using Reproduction, Crossover and Mutation of Genetic Algorithm With Binary Number Scheduling
Authors: CHRISTOPHER J PRINCE JEROME , LINGADURAI K , SHANKAR G 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Genetic algorithms are search algorithms based on the mechanics of natural selection and natural genetics. In this paper, we investigate a novel approach to the binary coded testing process based on a genetic algorithm. This paper consists of two parts. Thefirst part addresses the problem in the traditional way of using the decimal number system to define the fitness function to study the variations of counts and the variations of probability against the fitness functions. Second, the initialpopulationsare defined using binary coded digits (genes). For the evaluation of the high fitness function values,three genetic operators, namely, reproduction, crossover and mutation, are randomly used. The results show the importance of the genetic operator, mutation, which yields the peak values for the fitness function based on binary coded numbers performed in a new way.
Fluoride Induced Leaky Gut and Bloom of Erysipelatoclostridium Ramosum Mediate the Exacerbation of Obesity in High-Fat-Diet Fed Mice
Authors: Chen Guijie , Peng Yujia , Huang Yujie , Xie Minhao , Dai Zhuqing , Cai Huimei , Dong Wei , Xu Weiqi , Xie Zhiyong , Chen Dan , Fan Xia , Zhou Wangting , Kan Xuhui , Yang Tingting , Chen Chunxu , Sun Yi , Zeng Xiaoxiong , Liu Zhonghua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Fluoride, a necessary mineral element for our health, is widely presented in drinking water and foods. The intake of excessive fluoride showed potential risk to human health. A strong relation between fluoride exposure and obesity has been reported. However, the knowledge on the potential mechanisms on fluoride-induced obesity is still limited.Results: In this work, we showed here that fluoride alone did not induce obesity in normal diet fed mice, whereas, it could trigger exacerbation of obesity in high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice. Fluoride impaired intestinal barrier and activated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling to induce obesity, which was further verified in TLR4-/- mice. Furthermore, fluoride could deteriorate the gut microbiota in HFD mice. The fecal microbiota transplantation from fluoride-induced mice was sufficient to induce obesity, while the exacerbation of obesity by fluoride was blocked upon gut microbiota depletion. The fluoride-induced bloom of Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum belonged to Erysipelotrichaceae was responsible for exacerbation of obesity. In addition, a potential strategy for prevention of fluoride-induced obesity was proposed by intervention with polysaccharides from Fuzhuan brick tea.Conclusions: Overall, these results provide the first evidence of a comprehensive cross-talk mechanism between fluoride and obesity in HFD fed mice, which is mediated by gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. E. ramosum was identified as a crucial mediator of fluoride induced obesity, which could be explored as potential target for prevention and treatment of obesity with exciting translational value.
Anlotinib Plus Toripalimab and Nab-Paclitaxel in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: Study Protocol for An Open-Label, Non-Randomized, Phase II Study (ATNPA)
Authors: Chen Jingwen , Liu Yiqian , Zhu Yizhi , Cui Shiyun , Sun Chongqi , Bai Jianling , Shu Yongqian , Liu Lingxiang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

There have not been standard second-line or maintenance regimens with definite survival benefits so far for patients with pancreatic carcinoma who have lost the opportunity of curable resections or failed first-line chemotherapy. Anlotinib, a potent small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor, exhibits anti-angiogenic and anti-tumour effects by specifically binding to multiple targets such as VEGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, c-Kit and Ret. Toripalimab, a novel anti-PD-1 mAb, has been proved to significantly prolong progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in various solid tumours with manageable toxicities when combining with cytotoxic chemotherapy. We design this study to assess the combination of anlotinib, toripalimab and nab-paclitaxel as a second-line or maintenance therapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) or metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC).
Patients and Methods:

This is an open-label, non-randomized, single-arm phase Ⅱ study, aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety profile of the above-mentioned combination strategy in first-line therapy-failed LAPC or MPC. Totally 53 patients are to be enrolled and receive anlotinib (12 mg, po. qd.) plus toripalimab (240 mg, ivgtt. q3w.) and nab-paclitaxel (125 mg/m2, ivgtt, d1, d8) every 3 weeks as a cycle until disease progression or intolerable adverse events. The primary endpoint is PFS. Secondary end points include OS, disease control rate (DCR), object response rate (ORR), quality of life (QoL) and safety. Enrollment started in April 2021, and follow-up will be finished in April 2023.
Discussion and Significance:

Combination of anlotinib, toripalimab and nab-paclitaxel may promote vessel normalization and drug delivery, and activate the immune response, thus exerting synergistic anti-tumour effects and counteracting the immunosuppressive microenvironment of pancreatic cancer. As the first intending to assess this combination in pancreatic cancer, this study will provide comprehensive evidence for second-line or maintenance therapy of LAPC and MPC.
Trial registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov: ATNPA, NCT04718701. Registered January 22, 2021. (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04718701?term=NCT04718701&draw=2&rank=1)
Genomic Analysis of a Novel Active Prophage of Hafnia Paralvei
Authors: Pan Lingting , Li Dengfeng , Lin Wei , Liu Wencai , Qin Weinan , Xu Lihua , Tong Yigang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Relatively little is known about the prophages in Enterobacterales bacteria except Escherichia coli. A novel phage, Hafnia phage yong2, was induced from Hafnia paralvei by mitomycin C. The phage has an elliptical head of approximately 45 × 38 nm, a long noncontractile tail of approximately 157 × 4 nm. The complete genome of Hafnia phage yong2 is a 39,546 bp double-stranded DNA with a G+C content of 49.9%, containing 59 opening reading frames (ORFs), and having at least one fixed terminus (GGGGCAGCGACA) with R=107>100. In phylogenetic analysis, Hafnia phage yong2 clustered with 4 predicted Hafnia prophages and 1 predicted Enterobacteriaceae prophage. The prophages cluster and Drexlerviridae family together formed two distinct subclades nested within a clade, suggesting the existence of a novel class of prophages with conserved sequences and unique evolutionary status not yet studied before in Hafniaceae and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria.
Left-Turn Driving Behavior Based On Situational Anger: Day Or Night
Authors: Xiong Jingjing , Mao Yan , Wang Xuan , He Wu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Anger is a key factor affecting drivers' subjective judgment and driving skills. The influence of anger on driving behavior has been widely studied, but there is a lack of comparative research under different lighting conditions. Through driving simulation experiment, this paper studies the influence of anger on left-turn driving behavior under two light conditions of day and night. In the experiment, 32 licensed participants were divided into two groups, one in emotional neutrality and the other in anger. Among them, the emotional state of anger is induced by a traffic related video. The results showed that compared with daytime participants, participants at night had higher anger intensity, shorter gap acceptance and post encroachment time (PET) when left-turn driving. In addition, compared with emotion neutral participants, angry participants tended to accept shorter gap acceptance and post encroachment time (PET) when turning left. This indicates that participants failed to respond correctly to left-turn driving behavior in a state of anger. However, the response of gender differences to situational driving anger was not affected by light conditions. The anger intensity of male participants during the day and night was higher than that of female participants, and the gap acceptance and post encroachment time (PET) during left-turn were shorter than that of female participants. This shows that male participants are more likely to produce high-intensity anger and are more likely to make dangerous driving decisions in a state of anger. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the identification of anger and the prevention of angry driving.
An Analysis of the Association Between Work Stress and Health Behaviours in Korean and Japanese Ageing Studies: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Cheng Taozhu , Guo Jing , Hynek Pikhart 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Work stress is a risk factor that may be partially responsible for increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. One of the proposed pathways is through unhealthy behaviours. As limited research has focused on the association between work stress and health behaviours in Asian countries, this research aims to explore the effect of work stress on the two health behaviours among employees aged 45 or above in Korea and Japan.Methods: This cross-sectional study based on baseline data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA,2006) and Japanese Study of Aging and Retirement (JSTAR,2007&2009) used logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression to investigate the association between work stress represented by the short version of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model and smoking (binary current smoking) and drinking (categorical volume of alcohol). In addition, the statistical power was over 80% for odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1.3 in Korea and 1.6 in Japan. Moreover, this research additionally examines the potential interaction between ERI and gender.Results: Smoking and drinking were significantly associated with the ER ratio in the Korean analysis (N=3,478). After the model was fully adjusted, the OR (95% CI) and RRR (95% CI) were 1.45 (1.17-1.80) and 1.43 (1.09-1.90), respectively. In Japan (N=1,504), smoking was associated with the ER ratio (OR 1.37 (1.00-1.87)); however, drinking was not. No statistically significant interaction was found between ERI and gender (p value of 0.82 in Korea and 0.19 in Japan).Conclusions: The results of this study showed that work stress was statistically significantly associated with both health behaviours in the Korean sample and with smoking in Japan. These results potentially suggest the integration of long working time reduction health promotion programmes in these two Asian countries.
Combined Negative Effects of Microplastics and Plasticizer DEHP: the Increased Release of Nets Delays Wound Healing
Authors: Shi Xu , Cui Wei , Xu Tong , Qi Xue , Miao Zhiruo , Xu Shiwen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction: Environmental pollutants microplastics (MPs) and di (2-ethyl) hexyl phthalate (DEHP) can cause damage to multiple organs by causing oxidative stress. Oxidative stress participates in the healing of skin wounds through the release of neutrophil extranets (Nets). Here, we studied the effects of DEHP and MPs on skin wound healing in mice after single and combined exposure for 1 month. Results: The results showed that MPs delayed the healing of skin wounds, and the combination of the two delayed wound healing more significantly. The results of in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the release of oxidative stress and Nets in the single exposure group increased, and the combined exposure group increased more. Further mechanism studies showed that the skin chemokines of the single exposure group increased, the NF-κB pathway was activated, the Wnt pathway was inhibited, and the epidermal growth factor and fibrosis-related indicators decreased. The combined exposure group showed a more obvious trend.Conclusion: In summary, the above results indicate that DEHP combined with MPs induces an increase in the release of Nets by causing excessive skin ROS production and increases the expression of chemokines and interferes with the expression of healing factors by regulating the NF-κB and Wnt pathways.
Effects of polygenic risk score of type 2 diabetes on the hippocampal topological property and episodic memory
Authors: Zhang Yang , Du Xin , Fu Yumeng , Zhao Qiuyue , Wang Zirui , Qin Wen , Zhang Quan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose

Type 2 diabetes is associated with a higher risk of dementia. The pathogenesis is complex, partly influenced by genetic factors. The hippocampus is the most vulnerable brain region in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, whether the genetic risk of type 2 diabetes is associated with the hippocampus and episodic memory remains unclear. This study explored the influence of polygenic risk score (PRS) of type 2 diabetes on the white matter topological properties of the hippocampus among individuals with and without type 2 diabetes and its associations with episodic memory.
Methods

This study included 103 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 114 well-matched individuals without type 2 diabetes. All the participants were genotyped, and a diffusion tensor imaging-based structural network was constructed. PRS was calculated based on a genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes. The PRS-by-disease interactions on the bilateral hippocampal topological network properties were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results

There were significant PRS-by-disease interaction effects on the nodal topological properties of the right hippocampus node. In the individuals with type 2 diabetes, the PRS was correlated with the right hippocampal nodal properties, and the nodal properties were correlated with the episodic memory. In addition, the right hippocampal nodal properties mediated the effect of PRS on the episodic memory in individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Conclusion

Our results suggested a gene-brain-cognition biological pathway, which might help understand the neural mechanism of the genetic risk of type 2 diabetes affects episodic memory in type 2 diabetes.
The Effect of Mindfulness Training On Resting-State Networks In Pre-Adolescent Children With Sub-Clinical Anxiety Related Attention Impairments.
Authors: Kennedy Michelle F. , Mohamed Abdalla Z , Schwenn Paul , Beaudequin Denise , Shan Zack , Hermens Daniel F. , Lagopoulos Jim 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Mindfulness training has been associated with improved attention and affect regulation in preadolescent children with anxiety related attention impairments, however little is known about the underlying neurobiology. This study sought to investigate the impact of mindfulness training on functional connectivity of attention and limbic brain networks in pre-adolescents.Methods: A total of 47 children (aged 9-11 years) participated in a 10-week mindfulness intervention. Anxiety and attention measures and resting-state fMRI were completed at pre- and post-intervention. Sustained attention was measured using the Conners Continuous Performance Test, while the anxiety levels were measured using the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale. Functional networks were estimated using independent-component analysis, and voxel-based analysis was used to determine the difference between the time-points to identify the effect of the intervention on the functional connectivity. Results: There was a significant decrease in anxiety symptoms and improvement in attention scores following the intervention. From a network perspective, the results showed increased functional connectivity post intervention in the salience and fronto-parietal networks as well as the medial-inferior temporal component of the default mode network. Positive correlations were identified in the fronto-parietal network with Hit Response Time and the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale total and between the default mode network and Hit Response Time.Conclusions: A 10-week mindfulness intervention in children was associated with a reduction in anxiety related attention impairments, which were underpinned by concomitant changes in functional connectivity.
How Much Is the Lack of Retention Evidence Costing Trial Teams in Ireland and the United Kingdom?
Authors: Murphy Ellen , Shiely Frances , Treweek Shaun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundEvidence to support the use of many retention strategies in clinical trials is lacking. Despite this, trial teams still need to have some form of retention strategy in their trials to try and avoid high attrition rates. This study aimed to estimate how much this lack of retention evidence might be costing trials in Ireland and the United Kingdom.Methods We selected the top ten most routinely used retention strategies by Clinical Trial Units in the United Kingdom and made assumptions as to how each of these strategies was most likely to be conducted and the costs involved. We applied our costing model to a hypothetical trial scenario in both Ireland and the United Kingdom as well as to three published trial protocols. We developed the costing model and calculated the costs in Microsoft Excel.Results Retention strategies can be extremely expensive, some of the costliest interventions included “a timeline of participant visits for sites” (with integrated participant reminders) (€1,418.44 - €108,471.99), “routine site visits by CTU staff” (€777.67 - €14,753.48), and “data collection scheduled with routine care” (€900 - €32,503.25). Others such as “telephone reminders for questionnaire response” (€34.58 - €568.62), “inclusion of pre-paid envelopes” (€93.44 - €942.50), and “targeted recruitment of sites/GPs” (€30 - €1,620) were less costly compared to the other interventions. DiscussionThe resources invested in the use of some retention interventions may outweigh known or imagined benefits on retention. Where benefits are imagined, evaluation should be a priority. Conclusion More evaluation of the effectiveness and cost of trial retention strategies is needed to avoid widespread use of strategies that are both expensive and ineffective.