bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layout Embedding via Combinatorial Optimization
Authors: Born J. , Schmidt P. , Kobbelt L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe consider the problem of injectively embedding a given graph connectivity (a layout) into a target surface. Starting from prescribed positions of layout vertices, the task is to embed all layout edges as intersection‐free paths on the surface. Besides merely geometric choices (the shape of paths) this problem is especially challenging due to its topological degrees of freedom (how to route paths around layout vertices). The problem is typically addressed through a sequence of shortest path insertions, ordered by a greedy heuristic. Such insertion sequences are not guaranteed to be optimal: Early path insertions can potentially force later paths into unexpected homotopy classes. We show how common greedy methods can easily produce embeddings of dramatically bad quality, rendering such methods unsuitable for automatic processing pipelines. Instead, we strive to find the optimal order of insertions, i.e. the one that minimizes the total path length of the embedding. We demonstrate that, despite the vast combinatorial solution space, this problem can be effectively solved on simply‐connected domains via a custom‐tailored branch‐and‐bound strategy. This enables directly using the resulting embeddings in downstream applications which cannot recover from initializations in a wrong homotopy class. We demonstrate the robustness of our method on a shape dataset by embedding a common template layout per category, and show applications in quad meshing and inter‐surface mapping.
Adversarial Single‐Image SVBRDF Estimation with Hybrid Training
Authors: Zhou Xilong , Kalantari Nima Khademi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a deep learning approach for estimating the spatially‐varying BRDFs (SVBRDF) from a single image. Most existing deep learning techniques use pixel‐wise loss functions which limits the flexibility of the networks in handling this highly unconstrained problem. Moreover, since obtaining ground truth SVBRDF parameters is difficult, most methods typically train their networks on synthetic images and, therefore, do not effectively generalize to real examples. To avoid these limitations, we propose an adversarial framework to handle this application. Specifically, we estimate the material properties using an encoder‐decoder convolutional neural network (CNN) and train it through a series of discriminators that distinguish the output of the network from ground truth. To address the gap in data distribution of synthetic and real images, we train our network on both synthetic and real examples. Specifically, we propose a strategy to train our network on pairs of real images of the same object with different lighting. We demonstrate that our approach is able to handle a variety of cases better than the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
SnakeBinning: Efficient Temporally Coherent Triangle Packing for Shading Streaming
Authors: Hladky J. , Seidel H.P. , Steinberger M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStreaming rendering, e.g., rendering in the cloud and streaming via a mobile connection, suffers from increased latency and unreliable connections. High quality framerate upsampling can hide these issues, especially when capturing shading into an atlas and transmitting it alongside geometric information. The captured shading information must consider triangle footprints and temporal stability to ensure efficient video encoding. Previous approaches only consider either temporal stability or sample distributions, but none focuses on both. With SnakeBinning, we present an efficient triangle packing approach that adjusts sample distributions and caters for temporal coherence. Using a multi‐dimensional binning approach, we enforce tight packing among triangles while creating optimal sample distributions. Our binning is built on top of hardware supported real‐time rendering where bins are mapped to individual pixels in a virtual framebuffer. Fragment shader interlock and atomic operations enforce global ordering of triangles within each bin, and thus temporal coherence according to the primitive order is achieved. Resampling the bin distribution guarantees high occupancy among all bins and a dense atlas packing. Shading samples are directly captured into the atlas using a rasterization pass, adjusting samples for perspective effects and creating a tight packing. Comparison to previous atlas packing approaches shows that our approach is faster than previous work and achieves the best sample distributions while maintaining temporal coherence. In this way, SnakeBinning achieves the highest rendering quality under equal atlas memory requirements. At the same time, its temporal coherence ensures that we require equal or less bandwidth than previous state‐of‐the‐art. As SnakeBinning outperforms previous approach in all relevant aspects, it is the preferred choice for texture‐based streaming rendering.
MultiResGNet: Approximating Nonlinear Deformation via Multi‐Resolution Graphs
Authors: Li Tianxing , Shi Rui , Kanai Takashi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis paper presents a graph‐learning‐based, powerfully generalized method for automatically generating nonlinear deformation for characters with an arbitrary number of vertices. Large‐scale character datasets with a significant number of poses are normally required for training to learn such automatic generalization tasks. There are two key contributions that enable us to address this challenge while making our network generalized to achieve realistic deformation approximation. First, after the automatic linear‐based deformation step, we encode the roughly deformed meshes by constructing graphs where we propose a novel graph feature representation method with three descriptors to represent meshes of arbitrary characters in varying poses. Second, we design a multi‐resolution graph network (MultiResGNet) that takes the constructed graphs as input, and end‐to‐end outputs the offset adjustments of each vertex. By processing multi‐resolution graphs, general features can be better extracted, and the network training no longer heavily relies on large amounts of training data. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves better performance than prior studies in deformation approximation for unseen characters and poses.
Skeletal muscle regeneration in post‐myofascial flap reconstruction specimens mimicking sarcoma: A potential diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Patrick Ashley P. , Swick Brian L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSkeletal muscle regeneration (SMR) encompasses a sequence of events that unfolds after injury to muscle fibers. Nearby satellite cells become activated and function as precursor muscle cells by proliferating and differentiating into myoblasts, which eventually fuse to form myotubes and ultimately mature muscle fibers. Compared to other forms of mesenchymal repair, SMR has higher morphologic heterogeneity with the potential to show histopathologic similarities to sarcomas and other malignancies. It is important to recognize SMR and settings in which this can occur to avoid misdiagnosis. We report two cases where a diagnosis of SMR was made from tissue taken from locations previously treated with Mohs micrographic surgery followed by myofascial flap reconstruction. In both cases, histopathologic features identified with hematoxylin and eosin as well as immunostaining were used to support the diagnosis of SMR. These cases highlight the importance of recognizing this clinic entity to ensure accurate diagnosis.
Internalism and externalism in transcendental phenomenology
Authors: Skirke Christian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss an alternative conception of internalism and externalism for transcendental phenomenology. Recent debates of internalism and externalism in phenomenology start from familiar notions of internalism and externalism about content. This, I believe, is an unhappy match: internalism and externalism in common philosophical usage are perspectives on representational content; yet phenomenology deals with intentionality, which is not primarily representational. I argue that phenomenology is better served by understanding the distinction between internalism and externalism as a distinction about constitution. Drawing on Kant and Davidson for inspiration, I explore varieties of this alternative—transcendental—understanding of internalism and externalism in the classical phenomenological literature. I conclude with a suggestion on how this alternative conception of internalism and externalism could be put to use. As its founders noted, phenomenology occupies an uneasy place between idealism and realism because idealism and realism are metaphysical positions with distinctive ontological commitments; yet phenomenology purports to examine structures of subjectivity without committing to any specific ontology. To this day, the phenomenological literature is divided on whether this is a weakness or strength. Siding with the latter view, I suggest that transcendental internalism and transcendental externalism allow us to explain, and potentially to challenge, ontological commitments such as those of transcendental idealism and eliminative materialism.
Development of an antiepileptogenesis drug screening platform: Effects of everolimus and phenobarbital
Authors: Barker‐Haliski Melissa , Knox Kevin , Zierath Dannielle , Koneval Zachery , Metcalf Cameron , Wilcox Karen S. , White H. Steve 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe kainic acid (KA)‐induced status epilepticus (SE) model in rats is a well‐defined model of epileptogenesis. This model closely recapitulates many of the clinical and pathological characteristics of human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) that arise following SE or another neurological insult. Spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS) in TLE can present after a latent period following a neurological insult (traumatic brain injury, SE event, viral infection, etc.). Moreover, this model is suitable for preclinical studies to evaluate the long‐term process of epileptogenesis and screen putative disease‐modifying/antiepileptogenic agents. The burden of human TLE is highly variable, similar to the post‐KA SE rat model. In this regard, this model may have broad translational relevance. This report thus details the pharmacological characterization and methodological refinement of a moderate‐throughput drug screening program using the post‐KA‐induced SE model of epileptogenesis in male Sprague Dawley rats to identify potential agents that may prevent or modify the burden of SRS. Specifically, we sought to demonstrate whether our protocol could prevent the development of SRS or lead to a reduced frequency/severity of SRS.MethodsRats were administered either everolimus (2–3 mg/kg po) beginning 1, 2, or 24 h after SE onset, or phenobarbital (60 mg/kg ip) beginning 1 h after SE onset. All treatments were administered once/day for 5–7 days. Rats in all studies (n = 12/treatment dose/study) were then monitored intermittently by video‐electroencephalography (2 weeks on, 2 weeks off, 2 weeks on epochs) to determine latency to onset of SRS and disease burden.ResultsAlthough no adverse side effects were observed in our studies, no treatment significantly modified disease or prevented the presentation of SRS by 6 weeks after SE onset.SignificanceNeither phenobarbital nor everolimus administered at several time points after SE onset prevented the development of SRS. Nonetheless, we demonstrate a practical and moderate‐throughput screen for potential antiepileptogenic agents in a rat model of TLE.
Ecological vulnerability of the chondrichthyan fauna of southern Australia to the stressors of climate change, fishing and other anthropogenic hazards
Authors: Walker Terence I. , Day Robert W. , Awruch Cynthia A. , Bell Justin D. , Braccini Juan Matias , Dapp Derek R. , Finotto Licia , Frick Lorenz H. , Garcés‐García Karla C. , Guida Leonardo , Huveneers Charlie , Martins Camila L. , Rochowski Bastien E.A. , Tovar‐Ávila Javier , Trinnie Fabian I. , Reina Richard D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe develop a potentially widely applicable framework for analysing the vulnerability, resilience risk and exposure of chondrichthyan species to all types of anthropogenic stressors in the marine environment. The approach combines the three components of widely applied vulnerability analysis (exposure, sensitivity and adaptability) (ESA) with three components (exposure, susceptibility and productivity) (ESP) of our adaptation of productivity–susceptibility analysis (PSA). We apply our 12‐step ESA‒ESP analysis to evaluate the vulnerability (risk of a marked reduction of the population) of each of 132 chondrichthyan species in the Exclusive Economic Zone of southern Australia. The vulnerability relates to a species’ resilience to a spatial (or suitability) reduction of its habitats from exposure to up to eight climate change stressors. Vulnerability also relates to anthropogenic mortality added to natural mortality from exposure to the stressors of five types of fishing and seven other types of anthropogenic hazards. We use biological attributes as risk factors to evaluate risk related to resilience at the species or higher taxonomic level. We evaluate each species’ exposure to anthropogenic stressors by assigning it to one of six ecological groups based on its lifestyle (demersal versus pelagic) and habitat, defined by bathymetric range and substrates. We evaluate vulnerability for 11 scenarios: 2000–2006 when fishing effort peaked; 2018 following a decade of fisheries management reforms; low, medium and high standard future carbon dioxide equivalent emissions scenarios; and their six possible climate–fishing combinations. Our results demonstrate the value of refugia from fishing and how climate change exacerbates the risks from fishing.
Red light‐regulated interaction of Per‐Arnt‐Sim histidine kinases with partner histidine‐containing phosphotransfer proteins in Physcomitrium patens
Authors: Anami Shu , Yamashino Takafumi , Suzuki Ryo , Nakai Kota , Sato Kensuke , Wu Bowen , Ryo Masashi , Sugita Mamoru , Aoki Setsuyuki 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMulti‐step phosphorelay (MSP) is a broadly distributed signaling system in organisms. In MSP, histidine kinases (HKs) receive various environmental signals and transmit them by autophosphorylation followed by phosphotransfer to partner histidine‐containing phosphotransfer proteins (HPts). Previously, we reported that Per‐Arnt‐Sim (PAS) domain‐containing HK1 (PHK1) and PHK2 of the moss Physcomitrium (Physcomitrella) patens repressed red light‐induced protonema branching, a critical step in the moss life cycle. In plants, PHK homolog‐encoding genes are conserved only in early‐diverging lineages such as bryophytes and lycophytes. PHKs‐mediated signaling machineries attract attention especially from an evolutionary viewpoint, but they remain uninvestigated. Here, we studied the P. patens PHKs focusing on their subcellular patterns of localization and interaction with HPts. Yeast two‐hybrid analysis, a localization assay with a green fluorescent protein, and a bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis together showed that PHKs are localized and interact with partner HPts mostly in the nucleus, as unprecedented features for plant HKs. Additionally, red light triggered the interactions between PHKs and HPts in the cytoplasm, and light co‐repressed the expression of PHK1 and PHK2 as well as genes encoding their partner HPts. Our results emphasize the uniqueness of PHKs‐mediated signaling machineries, and functional implications of this uniqueness are discussed.
Nocturnal dipping of heart rate and blood pressure in people with HIV in Tanzania
Authors: Nolan Cody , Reis Karl , Fadhil Salama , Etyang Anthony , Ezeomah Chiomah , Kingery Justin R. , Desderius Bernard , Lee Myung‐Hee , Kapiga Saidi , Peck Robert N. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPeople with HIV (PWH) have a >2‐fold greater risk for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which may be associated with abnormalities in 24‐h ambulatory blood pressure measurement (ABPM) profile. We conducted a nested case‐control study of ABPM in 137 PWH and HIV‐uninfected controls with normal and high clinic blood pressure (BP) in Tanzania. Nocturnal non‐dipping of heart rate (HR) was significantly more common among PWH than HIV‐uninfected controls (p = .01). Nocturnal non‐dipping of BP was significantly more common in PWH with normal clinic BP (p = .048). Clinical correlates of nocturnal non‐dipping were similar in PWH and HIV‐uninfected adults and included higher BMI, higher CD4+ cell count, and high C‐reactive protein for HR and markers of renal disease for BP. In conclusion, nocturnal non‐dipping of both BP and HR was more common in PWH but further research is needed to determine causes and consequences of this difference.
Monopolistic supply of sorting, inequality, and welfare
Authors: Windsteiger Lisa 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWhy is an increase in income inequality often accompanied by an increase in socioeconomic segregation? And what are the welfare implications of this comovement? This paper uses a theoretical model to analyze the relationship between income inequality and socioeconomic segregation. It shows that rising inequality can trigger sorting according to income, as a monopolist's profits from offering sorting increase with income inequality. It also examines the relationship between sorting and social welfare and shows that profit‐maximizing sorting patterns are not necessarily optimal from a welfare perspective. In fact, for a broad field of income distributions (monopolist) profits increase with inequality, while at the same time total welfare from sorting decreases.
Linguistic issues behind visual question answering
Authors: Bernardi Raffaella , Pezzelle Sandro 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAnswering a question that is grounded in an image is a crucial ability that requires understanding the question, the visual context, and their interaction at many linguistic levels: among others, semantics, syntax and pragmatics. As such, visually‐grounded questions have long been of interest to theoretical linguists and cognitive scientists. Moreover, they have inspired the first attempts to computationally model natural language understanding, where pioneering systems were faced with the highly challenging task—still unsolved—of jointly dealing with syntax, semantics and inference whilst understanding a visual context. Boosted by impressive advancements in machine learning, the task of answering visually‐grounded questions has experienced a renewed interest in recent years, to the point of becoming a research sub‐field at the intersection of computational linguistics and computer vision. In this paper, we review current approaches to the problem which encompass the development of datasets, models and frameworks. We conduct our investigation from the perspective of the theoretical linguists; we extract from pioneering computational linguistic work a list of desiderata that we use to review current computational achievements. We acknowledge that impressive progress has been made to reconcile the engineering with the theoretical view. At the same time, we claim that further research is needed to get to a unified approach which jointly encompasses all the underlying linguistic problems. We conclude the paper by sharing our own desiderata for the future.
Narrating Masculinity in the Dance Contest from Ravel'sDaphnis et Chloé
Authors: Millard Russell 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe scenario of the dance contest from Ravel'sDaphnis et Chloépresents a narrative in which the hero, Daphnis – in typical patriarchal fashion – is rewarded with Chloé as a prize. The period ofDaphnis’s creation saw widespread anxiety over the proper performance of masculinity. Given the ‘duel’ fought between Daphnis and Dorcon, I employ the gendered connotations of duelling narratives as an interpretative lens through which to view the ballet's scene. I propose a methodology developed from the conceptually similar praxes of A. J. Greimas and Heinrich Schenker for the analysis of narrative structures in different media from within the same theoretical framework. Central to my narrative analysis is the conceptualisation of a desiring musical subject who seeks to establish a state of conjunction with an object of value, in this case a specific tonal centre. I consider the inflection of underlying tonal processes by voice‐leading structures in relation to an examination of the expressive course of the narrative discourse, leading to an interpretation in which Daphnis's victory can be understood to express and emphasise the tensions at the heart of French masculinity at the fin de siècle.
Generation of unequal nuclear genotype proportions in Rhizophagus irregularis progeny causes allelic imbalance in gene transcription
Authors: Robbins Chanz , Cruz Corella Joaquim , Aletti Consolée , Seiler Réjane , Mateus Ivan D. , Lee Soon‐Jae , Masclaux Frédéric G. , Sanders Ian R. 
Published: June 2021

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form mutualisms with most plant species. The model AMF Rhizophagus irregularis is common in many ecosystems and naturally forms homokaryons and dikaryons. Quantitative variation in allele frequencies in clonally dikaryon offspring suggests they disproportionately inherit two distinct nuclear genotypes from their parent. This is interesting, because such progeny strongly and differentially affect plant growth. Neither the frequency and magnitude of this occurrence nor its effect on gene transcription are known.

Using reduced representation genome sequencing, transcriptomics, and quantitative analysis tools, we show that progeny of homokaryons and dikaryons are qualitatively genetically identical to the parent. However, dikaryon progeny differ quantitatively due to unequal inheritance of nuclear genotypes. Allele frequencies of actively transcribed biallelic genes resembled the frequencies of the two nuclear genotypes.

More biallelic genes showed transcription of both alleles than monoallelic transcription, but biallelic transcription was less likely with greater allelic divergence. Monoallelic transcription levels of biallelic genes were reduced compared with biallelic gene transcription, a finding consistent with genomic conflict.

Given that genetic variation in R. irregularis is associated with plant growth, our results establish quantitative genetic variation as a future consideration when selecting AMF lines to improve plant production.
Applicant initial preferences: The relationship with job choices
Authors: Swider Brian W. , Steed Laurens Bujold 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAlthough the various factors that predict applicant attitudes and decisions during recruitment have been explored, far less is known about the decision‐making process applicants go through to develop attitudes to facilitate job choice decisions. In a field sample (Study 1), applicant initial preferences across four firms predicted the trajectory of subsequent organizational attraction toward the firms over the 5‐month recruiting cycle. Further, these initial preferences significantly predicted job choice decisions at the end of the recruiting cycle. Applicants’ organizational attraction trajectories that developed during the entire recruiting process mediated this relationship. Findings in a laboratory sample (Study 2) were consistent with research on predecisional information distortion (PID). Applicants evaluated the information presented about two hypothetical recruiting companies and overly favored the company that was installed as applicants’ initial preference. Initial preferences had a significant indirect effect on job choice through total PID when the information about the two companies was equivalent and when the initially preferred company was moderately worse. However, the indirect effect was not significant when the initially preferred company was presented as severely worse. Applicants arriving at job choice decisions using biased information evaluations driven by initial preferences can adversely affect both organizations and applicants’ careers.