bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and the Efficacy of Chemotherapy in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Phase III Trial (AXEPT)
Authors: Kim Sun Young , Lee Ji Sung , Kang Junho , Morita Satoshi , Park Young Suk , Sakamoto Junichi , Muro Kei , Xu Rui-Hua , Kim Tae Won 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Background
Concomitant use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with capecitabine was suggested to be associated with poor outcomes in gastrointestinal cancers. We analyzed the differential impact of PPI use on capecitabine and fluorouracil using the data set from the AXEPT trial, a phase III randomized trial that demonstrated the noninferiority of mXELIRI (modified XELIRI: capecitabine plus irinotecan) to FOLFIRI (leucovorin, fluorouracil, and irinotecan), either with or without bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Patients and Methods
Out of the per-protocol set (n = 620), patients with information on concomitant medications (n = 482) were included in this post hoc analysis. PPI use was defined as concomitant exposure of capecitabine and the use of any PPI for 20% or more of the study period. The treatment-by-PPI-use interaction was examined after adjusting for stratification factors.

Results
Of the 482 patients, 49 (10.1%) used PPI. Among the PPI users, the mXELIRI group tended to have poorer overall survival compared with the FOLFIRI group. In contrast, among the nonusers, the overall survival of the mXELIRI group was significantly better than that of the FOLFIRI group. Similarly, a trend of worse progression-free survival with mXELIRI compared with FOLFIRI was observed in PPI users but not in nonusers. Treatment-by-PPI-use interaction was significant for overall survival and progression-free survival.

Conclusion
The significant interaction between PPI use and the type of fluoropyrimidine in terms of overall and progression-free survival suggests that fluorouracil could be a more favorable option than capecitabine for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer using PPIs.

Implications for Practice
This study showed a significant interaction between the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and the type of fluoropyrimidines. This interaction mainly comes from the positive impact of PPIs in the survival outcomes in the fluorouracil arm rather than a negative impact of PPIs in the capecitabine arm. The possible drug-drug interaction shown in this study suggests that fluorouracil, rather than capecitabine, could be a more appropriate choice of fluoropyrimidine for patients who are taking PPIs in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.
Metastatic neuroblastoma masquerading as infantile hemangioma in a 4‐month‐old child
Authors: Karkoska Kristine , Ricci Kiersten , VandenHeuvel Katherine , Trout Andrew T. , Smith Ethan A. , Kotagal Meera , Weiss Brian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIntroductionDiffuse liver lesions in an infant have a differential diagnosis including infantile hemangioma (IH), which is common in the first year of life, and neuroblastoma (NBL) which presents at a median age of 18 months.ResultsWe describe the case of a 4‐month‐old girl with a known superficial/deep IH who presented with new axillary nodules and hepatosplenomegaly, initially suspected to reflect IH but later determined to be widely metastatic NBL.ConclusionHepatic IH and metastatic NBL can present similarly. Clinicians must maintain a broad differential when evaluating new findings in a patient with previously diagnosed IH.
Gratitude affects moral disgust: From the perspective of social norm theory
Authors: He Qionghua , Xiang Yanhui , Dong Xia , Zhao Jiaxu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present research verified the relationship between gratitude and moral disgust and explored its internal mechanism based on the social norm theory for the first time. In this study, 979 participants were recruited and required to complete the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ), the Moral Disgust Questionnaire (MD), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and the Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC). Data were then analyzed via structural equation model. The results demonstrated that gratitude indirectly affects moral disgust through the chain path of social support → resilience rather than being directly mediated by social support and resilience. From the perspective of social norm theory, the current research reveals the internal mechanism between gratitude and moral disgust, which is of great significance to expand our understanding of theory and apply it to practice.
Radical ring‐opening polymerization of lipoates: Kinetic and thermodynamic aspects
Authors: Raeisi Mojdeh , Tsarevsky Nicolay V. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe radical ring‐opening polymerization of a lipoate‐based monomer, ethyl lipoate, in bulk and in solution was studied at various temperatures and it was found that in all cases, only limited (plateau) conversions were reached, which were lower at higher temperatures and/or at higher dilutions. It was established that a monomer‐polymer equilibrium exists with a corresponding ceiling temperature of 139°C. Due to the reversibility of the lipoate polymerization, when poly(ethyl lipoate) was heated to 150°C, it degraded and within 3 h, the molecular weight decreased to less than 15% of the initial value. Likewise, when the polymer was dissolved in anisole and a radical initiator was added, degradation was observed even at 60°C and it became increasingly pronounced at higher concentrations of the radical source. Due to the presence of multiple disulfide groups in the backbone, poly(ethyl lipoate) also degraded in the presence of reducing agents, such as tributylphosphine, yielding the reduced (dithiol) form of the monomer, ethyl dihydrolipoate.
Psychological symptoms and patterns of mobile application use for young adult cancer survivors
Authors: Ahmad Zeba N. , Benedict Catherine , Hotchkiss Maiya , Ford Jennifer S. 
Published: March 2021

Key PointsWhat's already known about this topic?

Young adult (YA; aged 18–39) cancer survivors report social isolation and unmet needs for social, emotional, and informational support.

Mobile health applications offer a unique and scalable opportunity to provide access to YA peers and other resources, overcoming geographical distance and financial burden

App features such as group chats, private messaging and “matching” to peers by age or cancer type serve to build relationships between YA survivors.

Despite reporting moderately high perceived socioemotional support from their existing networks, YAs with more frequent symptoms of anxiety were the most likely to use the private messaging feature on the app.

In addition to targeting supportive mobile health apps to YA survivors, assessing the mental health status of users and observing patterns of app usage can be used to tailor and improve uptake and utility.
New Detonating Compositions from Ammonium Dinitramide
Authors: Comet Marc , Schwartz Cédric , Schnell Fabien , Oudot Franck , Lallemand Bastien , Spitzer Denis 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article reports on a new family of detonating compositions in which ammonium dinitramide (ADN) is used as an explosive oxidizer, and red phosphorus (Pr) or titanium hydride (TiH2) as fuels. At optimized ADN/fuel ratios, these compositions have typical explosion heats higher than 7 kJ/g, detonation velocities in 3 mm diameter tubes ranging from 1.2 to 2.0 km/s at ∼40 % of their theoretical maximum density, with a run to detonation distance between 20 and 40 mm. Both compositions are insensitive to electrostatic discharge, but are very sensitive to impact and friction, ADN/Pr mixtures being the most sensitive to these stress. The shockwave released by the reaction of these materials, efficiently initiates the detonation of high explosives such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) or hexogen (RDX). In view of these characteristics, ADN‐based detonating compositions must be considered as “green” substitutes for primary explosives containing heavy metals.
Endobronchial vasculitis in childhood granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Wong Matthew D. , Gauld Leanne M. 
Published: March 2021

Key messageLaryngo‐tracheo‐bronchial disease in childhood granulomatosis with polyangiitis may acutely present with endobronchial small vessel vasculitis without airway stenosis. Treatment should not be delayed in the presence of haemoptysis as it may indicate acute pulmonary capillaritis which can lead to fatal respiratory failure from diffuse alveolar haemorrhage.
Anticancer, Antibacterial and Hyperthermia Studies of a Caffeine‐Based N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Silver Complex Anchored on Magnetic Nanoparticles
Authors: Gajare Shivanand P. , Bansode Prakash A. , Patil Pradnya V. , Patil Audumbar D. , Pore Dattaprasad M. , Sonawane Kailas D. , Dhanavade Maruti J. , Khot Vishwajeet M. , Rashinkar Gajanan S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCaffeine based N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐silver complex anchored on magnetic nanoparticles (MNP‐Caff‐NHC@Ag complex) has been prepared by covalent grafting of caffeine on the surface of chloro‐functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles followed by complexation with silver (I) acetate. The MNP‐Caff‐NHC@Ag complex has been characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) analysis. The MNP‐Caff‐NHC@Ag complex displayed significant in vitro anticancer activity against human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cell line and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (NCIM‐2832), Staphylococcus aureus (NCIM‐2654) and Bacillus cereus (NCIM‐2703). The hyperthermia studies revealed that MNP‐Caff‐NHC@Ag complex achieved good therapeutic temperature (47 °C) under physiological safe range of field and frequency thereby forecasting potential applications as heating mediators in magnetic hyperthermia for selectively killing of cancer cells.
Glyco‐Conjugate Design and Demonstration as Receptors for the Species of Biological, Ecological and Medical Importance: Support from Spectroscopy and Microscopy
Authors: Sivaiah Areti , Nag Rahul , Pulla Rao Chebrolu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis review article mainly provides a critical evaluation of the ion and molecular recognition aspects along with the biomedical applications of the conjugates of carbohydrates published in the literature during the past ten years. Thus, the article primarily deals with the derivatives of carbohydrates, wherein these were selective towards the species of biological and ecological relevance as well as their utility in the medical research. The recognition has been monitored by different spectral techniques, such as, fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy and in some cases even visual colour changes. These were further supported by 1H‐Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI MS) and microscopy data. Over the past one decade, there has been a surge in the development and applications of the conjugates of carbohydrates in the field of chemosensors. The accelerated interest is mainly due to their water solubility, biocompatibility and selective and sensitive interactions exhibited by these towards ions and molecules of the type of examples included in this article. Owing to the presence of protein‐carbohydrate interactions, the carbohydrate conjugates have been employed for different biomedical applications such as antimicrobial activity, cell imaging and specific targeting. Therefore, in this article, the sensing and medical applications of the carbohydrate conjugates have also been discussed. For clarity, the main features have been conveniently divided into four sections, sensing of guest species, viz., metal ion, anion or amino acid and bio‐medical applications. While discussing the biomedical applications, such as, the imaging, specific targeting and anti‐disease activity of these conjugates in solution as well when they are attached onto solid surfaces have been covered. Overall, this article deals with the analysis of more than three dozen glyco‐based receptors demonstrated for selective sening of ions and molecular species along with their applications towards disease diagnosis and or prevention. Enough efforts were put to place these on a common platform and to compare these accordingly.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Photophysical Properties of Dinuclear Copper(I) Complexes Bearing Diphenylphosphino‐Substituted Benzimidazole Ligands
Authors: Cao Mengmeng , Zhao Yi , Gu Mengsi , Liu Chunmei , Zhu Qianqian , Chen Yahui , Wei Bin , Du Chenxia , Zhang Bin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThree dinuclear copper(I) complexes (1, 2 and 3) of the form [(P N)Cu]2(μ2‐I)2 have been designed and synthesized with 4‐diphenylphosphino‐benzimidazole (P N) derivatives. X‐ray structural analysis shows that the complexes possess one rhombohedral Cu2I2 dimer that is coordinated with two P N ligands and exhibits a trans‐configuration. At 290 K, the copper complexes exhibit similar broad and featureless emission bands with peak maxima (λmax) at 585 nm, 565 nm and 586 nm, respectively. The temperature‐dependent photophysical behaviors accompanied with the theory calculations demonstrate that 1 represents a thermally activated delayed fluorescence behavior at ambient temperature, whereas luminescence of 2 and 3 is phosphorescence. Moreover, the complexes (1–3) achieve high photoluminescence quantum yields of 36.9 %, 43.0 % and 34.0 % with relatively short emission decay times of 5.85 μs, 7.99 μs and 5.99 μs, respectively. The solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diode based on 1 achieves a peak brightness of 3325 cd m−2 and an EQE of 2.99 %.
Quinoline: A Promising Scaffold in Recent Antiprotozoal Drug Discovery
Authors: Dorababu Atukuri 
Published: March 2021

AbstractProtozoal infections malaria and leishmania have become most prevalent in recent times. A high death rate is reported world‐wide because of these diseases. Although there are only a few antiprotozoal drugs but could not be used anymore to cure protozoal diseases because of their toxic effects. Despite the non‐ceasing attempts to discover the drugs to cure malaria and leishmania, efficient drug‐design with low toxicity could not be achieved. A wide range of heterocyclic pharmacophores have been utilized to design efficient drugs. Amongst these heterocycles, quinoline bicycle is given a high priority, since a vast literature of quinoline derivatives relevant to potent pharmacological properties is available. The efficacy of the drugs lies upon the good bioavailability, favorable pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the molecule. In view of these, the continual efforts are being put to bring about potent anti‐protozoal agents to clinical stage. In this review, the potential research done recently towards the anti‐protozoal drug‐design and discovery is compiled comprehensively. The importance of structural features attributed to remarkable activity is described taking consideration of structure‐activity relationship. Safety Index (SI), crucial for clinical efficiency of a drug is compared amongst a set of derivatives which involve inhibitory properties, in addition to the cytotoxic effects.
Reusability affecting factors and software metrics for reusability: A systematic literature review
Authors: Mehboob Bilal , Chong Chun Yong , Lee Sai Peck , Lim Joanne Mun Yee 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMeasuring and estimating the reusability of software components is important towards finding reusable candidates. Researchers have shown that software metrics can be effectively used to assess software reusability. This work provides a systematic literature review to investigate the main factors that influence software reusability and how these identified factors can be quantified using software metrics. This paper also investigates tool availability of the identified software metrics. Based on the extensive study, we narrowed down 44 factors that could positively or negatively affect the reusability of software systems. In term of software metrics, we report our findings through five main families of metrics, namely coupling, cohesion, complexity, inheritance, and size. We found that most of the metrics examine reusability at the class‐level, and the availability of software tools is limited. Furthermore, not all reusability affecting factors are equally impactful to assess the reusability of software components. While existing studies often discussed the impact of complexity towards software reusability, we found that only a handful of complexity metrics were meant for assessing reusability. We have identified several open challenges and gaps in the area, in particular lack of quantifiable measurement for reusability, limited software tools, and limited metrics that directly measure reusability.
Retrospective study on the use of lumbosacral epidural analgesia during caesarean section surgery in 182 dogs: Impact on blood pressure, analgesic use and delays
Authors: Martin‐Flores Manuel , Moy‐Trigilio Karen E , Campoy Luis , Gleed Robin D 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground: We evaluated the use of lumbosacral epidural anaesthesia (LEA) in dogs undergoing caesarean section over 10 years.Methods: Anaesthetic records were reviewed and divided into two treatment groups: LEA and control. Outcome variables identified a priori as potentially affected by LEA were compared between groups. Results are frequency or median (minimum–maximum).Results: Ninety‐five dogs received LEA and 87 did not. LEA consisted of 0.2 (0.1–0.3) ml/kg containing bupivacaine (n= 63), ropivacaine (n= 15), or lidocaine (n= 12) at concentrations ranging between 0.06% and 2%. Morphine, fentanyl, or buprenorphine were used as part of LEA. Groups were similar for demographic variables (allp> 0.06). Intravenous opioids were used more often in control than in LEA (p< 0.0005). Incidence of hypotension (MAP < 60 mm Hg) was LEA 68% and control 56% (p= 0.12). Duration of hypotension was longer in LEA (p= 0.03). Use of crystalloids and vasoactive drugs did not differ (allp> 0.1). Time from induction to operating room was 30 (8–75) min for control and 35 (18–65) min for LEA (p= 0.003).Discussion: LEA during caesarean section in dogs was associated with lower rates of opioid administration and did not exacerbate the incidence of hypotension.
The epidemiology of stifle joint disease in an insured Swedish dog population
Authors: Engdahl Karolina , Hanson Jeanette , Bergström Annika , Bonnett Brenda , Höglund Odd , Emanuelson Ulf 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground: Stifle joint diseases (SJD) are common in dogs and include a variety of diagnoses. The objective of the study was to provide an overview of the epidemiology of SJD in insured dogs.Methods: An historical single cohort study of dogs insured in Agria Pet Insurance (2011–2016) in Sweden was performed. Incidence and relative risk (RR) of SJD was calculated for the whole dog population and for subgroups divided by breed, breed group and sex.Results: The study population included almost 600,000 insured dogs (>1.7 million dog‐years). Ninety‐three different stifle joint diagnoses were reported in 9624 dogs, and the most common were cruciate ligament rupture and patellar luxation. The incidence of SJD was 55.4 cases per 10,000 dog‐years at risk. Bulldog and boerboel had the highest RR of SJD. The breeds that accounted for the highest proportion of all SJD claimed dogs were mixed breed and Labrador retriever. Female dogs had a slightly increased RR compared with male dogs (RR 1.06,p= 0.006). The incidence increased yearly during the observation period.Conclusion: The study demonstrates breed‐specific differences in incidence of SJD in dogs, which may be of importance for breeders, dog owners and veterinarians.
Effect of gamified perceptual learning on visual detection and discrimination skills in equine gait assessment
Authors: Starke Sandra D. , Miles Gregory C. , Channon Sarah B. , May Stephen A. 
Published: March 2021

Background:Visual assessment of equine lameness is an everyday veterinary task suffering from poor diagnostic accuracy. The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of the perceptual learning game ‘LamenessTrainer’ on skill development.Methods:Thirty‐six undergraduate veterinary students engaged in four game modules teaching the assessment of fore‐ and hindlimb lameness. Computer animations of horses in this game displayed 0% (sound) to 70% (moderately lame) vertical movement asymmetry of head and pelvis. Performance, learning effects, diagnostic accuracy, detection thresholds and survey responses were analysed.Results:Following staircase learning, more than 80% of students reliably classified horses with ≥20% asymmetry for forelimb lameness, ≥40% asymmetry for simplified hindlimb lameness and ≥50% asymmetry for realistic hindlimb lameness. During random presentation, on average 82% of sound and 65% of lame horses were assessed correctly during forelimb lameness evaluation, dropping to 39% of sound and 56% of lame horses for hindlimb lameness.Conclusion:In less than two hours, systematic perceptual learning through deliberate practice can develop visual assessment skills to an accuracy level comparable to expert assessors scoring the same animations. Skills should be developed further to improve misclassifications of sound and mildly lame horses, especially for hindlimb lameness evaluation.
Brucellosis risk factors and milk hygiene handling practices in pastoral communities in Isiolo county, Kenya
Authors: Onyango Diana Lynette A. , Guitian Javier , Musallam Imadidden 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe study was conducted from June to August 2014 in Isiolo Central division of Isiolo Sub‐County and Sericho division of Garbatulla Sub‐County and comprised two components: (i) a cross‐sectional study on the milk‐handling hygiene practices, where milk traders’ households were the study units and (ii) a case‐control study on the risk factors for Brucella spp. infection in humans. Results of the cross‐sectional study showed that 26.74% of the respondents never washed their hands before milking, 60.47% never washed the udder before milking and 54.65% never withhold consumption of milk from animals under treatment with antibiotics. The case–control study included household units with previous cases of brucellosis (53.33%) and those without (46.67%) over the previous 5 years and identified drinking of raw milk as the main risk factor for infection (OR = 26.44; 95% CI: 8.04–86.99). Pastoralists’ unhygienic handling of milk from production to market is suboptimal and this is due to poor knowledge on hygienic practices, poor knowledge on the risks associated with poor milk hygiene and lack of sufficient and potable water for cleaning of milk containers. Many pastoralists still consume milk raw and this is a major public health risk for milk‐borne diseases.
Frontal sinus squamous cell carcinoma with intracranial, extraaxial extension in a dog with chronic sinonasal aspergillosis
Authors: Strohmayer Carina , Hirt Reinhard A. , Gradner Gabriele M. , Högler Sandra , Kneissl Sibylle 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA 10‐year‐old neutered male Golden Retriever with a history of chronic sinonasal aspergillosis was presented for unilateral nasal discharge, severe pain when opening the mouth, mildly reduced mentation and disorientation. CT revealed a mixed osteoproductive and osteolytic soft tissue mass that extended intracranially from the frontal sinus. Additionally, left‐sided nasal turbinate destruction was evident, consistent with chronic destructive rhinitis. The dog was euthanised, and the mass was diagnosed as frontal sinus squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with intracranial‐extradural extension. This case report correlates diagnostic imaging and necroscopic findings of an osteoproductive and osteolytic frontal sinus SCC in a dog.