bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phlegmonous gastritis: a case series
Authors: Yakami Yoshikazu , Yagyu Toshihiko , Bando Tomoki 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Phlegmonous gastritis is a rare and fatal infectious disease of the stomach, presenting varied and nonspecific endoscopic images, which are therefore difficult to diagnose. This report discusses three cases of phlegmonous gastritis, each with unique endoscopic images, and considers the differential diagnosis of this disease. These cases were initially suspected of scirrhous gastric cancer, gastric syphilis, and acute gastric mucosal lesion.

Case presentation
Case 1 A 32-year-old Asian man visited our hospital complaining of upper abdominal pain. Endoscopy raised suspicion of scirrhous gastric cancer. However, a histopathological examination showed no malignant cells, thus leading to the diagnosis of phlegmonous gastritis. The patient was started on antibiotic therapy, which was effective.
Case 2 A 33-year-old Asian man visited our hospital complaining of epigastralgia. Endoscopy raised suspicion of gastric syphilis. However, the serum test for syphilis was negative, and Streptococcus viridans was detected in the biopsy specimen culture, which led to the diagnosis of phlegmonous gastritis.
The patient was started on antibiotic therapy, resulting in significant improvement in the endoscopic image after 2 weeks.
Case 3 A 19-year-old Asian man visited our hospital complaining of epigastric pain. Endoscopy raised suspicion of acute gastric mucosal lesion. A gastric juice culture showed Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus viridans, thus leading to the diagnosis of phlegmonous gastritis. The patient was started on antibiotic therapy, resulting in the disappearance of the gastric lesions.

Conclusion
In severe cases of phlegmonous gastritis, immediate surgical treatment is generally required. However, the endoscopic images are varied and nonspecific. These three cases suggest that clinicians need to consider the differential diagnosis of phlegmonous gastritis and make accurate diagnoses at an early stage.
Strongly regular points of mappings
Authors: Abbasi Malek , Théra Michel 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we use arobust lower directional derivativeand provide some sufficient conditions to ensure thestrong regularityof a given mapping at a certain point. Then, we discuss the Hoffman estimation and achieve some results for the estimate of the distance to the set of solutions to a system oflinear equalities. The advantage of our estimate is that it allows one to calculate the coefficient of the error bound.
Limited impact of a top-down approach to improve enhanced recovery programme in French university hospitals: a before-after retrospective survey
Authors: Harkouk Hakim , Capmas Perrine , Derridj Nawal , Belbachir Anissa , Nkam Lionelle , Aegerter Philippe , Battaglia Eva , Tharel Laure , Fletcher Dominique 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Enhanced recovery programme (ERP) after surgery needs development in Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP).

Methods
A retrospective before-and-after study was performed in 2015 and 2017 on three surgical models (total knee arthroplasty (TKA), colectomy and hysterectomy) in 17 hospitals including 29 surgical departments. Data were collected in one control intervention (total hip arthroplasty (THA), gastrectomy and ovariectomy). In 2016, Massive Open Online Course on ERP and a day meeting information were developed by APHP. A national update on ERP was also organized by HAS and a regional professional partnership programme was started. Primary outcomes were length of stay (LOS) and complications after surgery. Data on ERP items were collected in the patients’ chart and in anaesthetist and surgeon interview. Seventy percent application rate reflects application of ERP procedure.

Results
1321 patient’s files were analysed (812 in 2015 and 509 in 2017). The LOS (mean (SD)) is reduced by 1.6 day for TKA (2015, 8.7 (6.7) versus 7.1 (3.4) in 2017; p<0.001) but stable for colectomy and hysterectomy. Incidence of severe complications after surgery is unchanged in all types of surgical models. For TKA and hysterectomy respectively applied items of ERP (i.e. >70% application) increased respectively from 5 to 7 out of 17 and 16 in 2015 and 2017. For colectomy, they were stable at 6 out of 21 in 2015 and 2017. The mean application rates of ERP items stayed below 50% in all cases in 2017. The LOS was negatively correlated with ERP items’ application when data collected in 2015 and 2017 were analysed together.

Conclusion
ERP application did not significantly improved between 2015 and 2017 for three surgical models after an institutional information and diffusion of recommendations in 29 surgical departments of seventeen French University hospitals underlining the limit of a top-down approach.
ESPED survey on newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia in childhood: how much treatment do we give?
Authors: von Lukowicz Hannah , Schlegel Paul-Gerhardt , Härtel Christoph , Morbach Henner , Haubitz Imme , Wiegering Verena 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease associated with isolated thrombocytopenia, which is caused by an imbalance between platelet production and platelet destruction. Petechial and mucous membrane hemorrhages are characteristic of ITP, but life-threatening bleeding rarely occurs. Depending on the bleeding symptoms, ITP can be treated with glucocorticoids (GC), intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), or in severe cases, platelet transfusions. Mild bleeding does not necessarily require therapy. Using the German Surveillance Unit for rare Pediatric Diseases (ESPED) we conducted a prospective survey on ITP patients in all German Children's Hospitals between September 2018 and August 2019. We collected data on ITP, including the clinical course, therapy implementation recommendations (according to the Association of German Scientific Medical Societies guidelines), outcome, and influence of treatment regimens depending on the treating physician´s experience with ITP patients.

Results
Of the 287 recorded cases of children with ITP, 268 questionnaires were sent to the authors. Two hundred seventeen of the questionnaires fulfilled the inclusion criteria. ITP affected boys and girls similarly, and the median age of manifestation was 3.5 years. The main reasons for hospitalization were thrombocytopenia, bleeding signs, hematomas, and/or petechiae. Bleeding scores were ≤ 3 in 96% of children, which corresponded to a low-to-moderately low risk of bleeding. No life-threatening bleeding was documented. The most common therapies were IVIG (n = 59), GC (n = 33), or a combination of these (n = 17). Blood products (i.e., red blood cells, platelet concentrate, and fresh frozen plasma) were given to 13 patients. Compared to the established guidelines, 67 patients were over-treated, and 2 patients were under-treated.

Conclusions
Adherence to German ITP treatment guidelines is currently limited. To improve patient safety and medical care, better medical training and dissemination of the guidelines are required in line with targeted analyses of patients with serious bleeding events to identify potential risk constellations.
Non-invasive methods for the assessment of biomarkers and their correlation with radiographic maturity indicators — a scoping review
Authors: GV Veena , Tripathi Tulika 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Detection of skeletal maturity is vital in orthodontic treatment timing and planning. Traditional methods include hand-wrist radiography and cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI). Though the radiographic methods are well established and routinely used to assess skeletal maturation, they carry the drawback of subjective perception and low reproducibility. With evolving concepts, skeletal maturation has been assessed quantitatively through biomarkers obtained from saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and urine. The scoping review aims to explore the various biomarkers assessed through non-invasive methods and their correlation with radiographic skeletal maturity.

Methodology
The literature search was carried out on MEDLINE via Pubmed, Cochrane Library (Cochrane database of systematic reviews), Cochrane central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL), Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Opengrey.eu for articles up to and including November 2020. Pertinent articles were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results were tabulated based on the type of sample collected, the biomarker assessed, method of sample collection, and the radiographic method used.

Results
The literature search resulted in 12 relevant articles. Among all the studies, 10 studies showed that the concentration of biomarkers increases during the pubertal growth peak. On the contrary, 2 articles showed no significant difference between the levels of biomarkers and pubertal growth peak.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that the level of biomarkers increases during the pubertal growth spurt and can provide a quantitative way of assessing skeletal maturity.
Computer-assisted implant placement and full-arch immediate loading with digitally prefabricated provisional prostheses without cast: a prospective pilot cohort study
Authors: Makarov Nikolay , Pompa Giorgio , Papi Piero 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Immediate loading of implant-supported full-arch rehabilitations has become routine practice when treating edentulous patients. The combination of static computer-aided implant surgery (s-CAIS) and digital prosthetic workflow could eliminate several treatment steps and facilitate prostheses delivery.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the 1-year results of digitally prefabricated polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) provisional prostheses without a cast for full-arch computer-assisted immediate loading.

Materials and methods
A digital pre-operative treatment planning was realized for all patients: dental implants and screw-retained abutments were selected in the planning software and two surgical templates were fabricated for each patient. The first template was mucosa or teeth-supported to drill the holes for fixating pins, while the second template was placed after raising a full-thickness flap and was supported by pins as well as soft or hard tissue distal support. Furthermore, based on the surgical planning, interim prostheses were digitally designed and milled of PMMA resin blocks with subsequent pink resin veneering. Osteotomies and implant placement were performed through the surgical guides and all implants were immediately loaded with prefabricated full-arch interim prostheses directly connected to titanium copings with a flowable resin.

Results
A total of 55 dental implants were placed in ten patients. In all cases, interim prostheses allowed the insertion of titanium copings without the need of access hole enlargement or adaptation. All the prostheses had 1 year of functional loading to simulate the long provisional phase. No screw loosening occurred at the first removal of the prostheses after implant osseointegration. No fracture occurred during the whole period. After 1 year, the mean marginal bone loss level was 0.37 ± 0.06 mm, while the implant survival rate was 98.18% (n=54/55), with just one implant failing but not affecting final prosthesis delivery to the patient.

Conclusions
Within the limitations of the present study, the authors concluded that digitally prefabricated provisional prostheses for full-arch immediate loading with s-CAIS could be a valid alternative treatment modality. Milled PMMA restorations proved to be durable enough during the long provisional phase, without prosthetic complications.
Investigating dose homogeneity in radiotherapy of oral cancers in the presence of a dental implant system: an in vitro phantom study
Authors: Khaleghi Goli , Mahdavi Hoda , Mahdavi Seied Rabi , Khajetash Benyamin , Nikoofar Alireza , Hosntalab Mohammad , Sadeghi Mahdi , Reiazi Reza 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Materials with high atomic numbers are part of the composition of dental implant systems. In radiotherapy of oral cavity cancers, an implant can cause dose perturbations that affect target definition, dose calculation, and dose distribution. In consequence, this may result in poor tumor control and higher complications. In this study, we evaluated dose homogeneity when a dental implant replaced a normal tooth. We also aimed to evaluate the concordance of dose calculations with dose measurements.

Materials and methods
In this study, 2 sets of planning CT scans of a phantom with a normal tooth and the same phantom with the tooth replaced by a Z1 TBR dental implant system were used. The implant system was composed of a porcelain-fused-to-metal crown and titanium with a zirconium collar. Three radiotherapy plans were designed when the density of the implant material was corrected to match their elements, or when all were set to the density of water, or when using the default density conversion. Gafchromic EBT-3 films at the level of isocenter and crowns were used for measurements.

Results
At the level of crowns, upstream and downstream dose calculations were reduced when metal kernels were applied (M-plan). Moreover, relatively measured dose distribution patterns were most similar to M-plan. At this level, relative to the non-implanted phantom, mean doses values were higher with the implant (215.93 vs. 192.25), also, new high-dose areas appeared around a low-dose streak forward to the implant (119% vs. 95%).

Conclusions
Implants can cause a high dose to the oral cavity in radiotherapy because of extra scattered radiation. Knowledge of the implant dimensions and defining their material enhances the accuracy of calculations.
Risk of anaemia among women engaged in biomass-based fish smoking as their primary livelihood in the central region of Ghana: a comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Armo-Annor Daniel , Colecraft Esi K. , Adu-Afarwuah Seth , Christian Aaron Kobina , Jones Andrew D. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Fish smoking using biomass fuel is an important livelihood for women living in the coastal regions of Ghana and may contribute to anaemia risk. We assessed whether women who smoke fish as their primary livelihood are at increased risk of anaemia compared to women in other livelihoods in the Central Region of Ghana.

Methods
We conducted a comparative cross-sectional study of 330 randomly selected adult women (18–49 years) whose primary livelihood was either fish smoking (FSL) involving the burning of biomass fuel (n = 175) or other livelihoods (OL) not involving burning of firewood (n = 155). Data on participants’ recent diet were collected from a single, quantitative 24-h dietary recall and qualitative 7-day food frequency questionnaire of animal-source food (ASF) consumption. We further assessed participants’ haemoglobin concentration using the Urit 12 Hemocue system. We compared total iron intakes, the proportion of dietary iron from animal and plant sources, mean haemoglobin concentrations, and anaemia prevalence between FSL and OL women.

Results
Fish was the most frequently consumed ASF by both groups of women. Although OL women consumed more diverse ASFs in the past week compared with the FSL women (3.4 ± 1.2 vs. 2.7 ± 1.3; p < 0.001), the contribution of ASFs to total iron intake in the past day was greater for the FSL women (49.5% vs. 44.0%; p = 0.030). Estimated total dietary iron intake in the past day was generally low (5.2 ± 4.7 mg) and did not differ by group. The unadjusted prevalence of anaemia was 32 and 27.1% among the FSL and OL women, respectively (p = 0.33). After covariates adjustment, the FSL women had statistically higher anaemia prevalence (36.4% vs. 20.5%; p = 0.032) and 80% greater risk of being anemic (RR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1, 3.0) than the OL women.

Conclusion
Women who use biomass fuel to smoke fish as their primary livelihood had an increased risk of anaemia. Furthermore, the average 24-h dietary iron intake among both the FSL and OL women was below their daily iron requirement. Interventions to enhance women’s dietary iron intake and reduce their livelihood related biomass smoke exposure may be warranted in this population.
Implied volatility estimation of bitcoin options and the stylized facts of option pricing
Authors: Zulfiqar Noshaba , Gulzar Saqib 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe recently developed Bitcoin futures and options contracts in cryptocurrency derivatives exchanges mark the beginning of a new era in Bitcoin price risk hedging. The need for these tools dates back to the market crash of 1987, when investors needed better ways to protect their portfolios through option insurance. These tools provide greater flexibility to trade and hedge volatile swings in Bitcoin prices effectively. The violation of constant volatility and the log-normality assumption of the Black–Scholes option pricing model led to the discovery of the volatility smile, smirk, or skew in options markets. These stylized facts; that is, the volatility smile and implied volatilities implied by the option prices, are well documented in the option literature for almost all financial markets. These are expected to be true for Bitcoin options as well. The data sets for the study are based on short-dated Bitcoin options (14-day maturity) of two time periods traded on Deribit Bitcoin Futures and Options Exchange, a Netherlands-based cryptocurrency derivative exchange. The estimated results are compared with benchmark Black–Scholes implied volatility values for accuracy and efficiency analysis. This study has two aims: (1) to provide insights into the volatility smile in Bitcoin options and (2) to estimate the implied volatility of Bitcoin options through numerical approximation techniques, specifically the Newton Raphson and Bisection methods. The experimental results show that Bitcoin options belong to the commodity class of assets based on the presence of a volatility forward skew in Bitcoin option data. Moreover, the Newton Raphson and Bisection methods are effective in estimating the implied volatility of Bitcoin options. However, the Newton Raphson forecasting technique converges faster than does the Bisection method.
Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (uses, limitations, and potentials): a review article
Authors: Ali Mohammed F.A 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The additional information that transcranial Doppler can provide as part of a multimodal imaging protocol in many clinical settings has not been evaluated.

Main body
Transcranial Doppler is a bedside procedure used to assess cerebral blood flow velocity via cerebral circulation and pulsatility index (PI). Many diseases can lead to cerebral vessels vasospasm as in subarachnoid hemorrhage and trauma. Cerebral vessels vasospasm represented by abnormal elevation of cerebral blood flow velocity. Intracranial pressure can be monitored by pulsatility index which reflects blood flow resistance in cerebral vessels. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography is also the unique modality for detection of micro emboli in high-risk patients. Also, it can be used for evaluation of circulatory arrest with subsequent confirmation of brain death

Conclusion
Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography is the only diagnostic modality that provides a reliable assessment of cerebral blood flow patterns in real time. The physiological information obtained from TCD is complementary to the anatomical details obtained from other neuroimaging modalities. TCD is relatively cheap, can be performed bedside, and allows monitoring in acute emergency settings.
Genetic and biochemical studies on some Egyptian wheat genotypes under drought stress
Authors: Heiba Samy A. A. , Osman Samira A. , Eldessouky Sara E. I. , Haiba Atef A. A. , Ali Rania T. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
Strategic crops need to be screened from time to time to select the most tolerant and stable genotypes incompatible with environmental conditions. This research experiments were carried out to screen thirteen Egyptian wheat genotypes under water regime stress to select the most tolerant genotypes to drought conditions in two successive seasons. The studied genotypes were cultivated in rows, and the irrigation duration period between any two successive irrigations was elongated to double period to supply these genotypes with only 50% of the water needed in well watering conditions. This evaluation concerned on some yield production indexes such as spike weight, spike length, spike number, grains number/spike the 100 grains weight and stress susceptibility index and the cytogenetic evaluation index of the pollen grains viability on two successive seasons (2017–2018 and 2018–2019). This screening also carried out some biochemical and molecular analysis on the wheat genotypes at the seedling stage by the end of 2018 (the first season of water regime) targeting total protein profile, proline amino acid accumulation and Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase-1 enzyme gene expression via semiquantitative RT-PCR.

Results
Sids 12 genotype recorded the highest SW, SL and SN. Considering the number of grains/plant and the number of spikes/plant are the principal yield components, and 100 grains weight is the principal yield quality, Sids 12 also declared its tolerance to water regime on regarding the plant productivity to grains’ number/plant and scored the lowest SSI. Pollen viability and protein profile were also affected as a response to the water regime. Proline concentration in fresh leaves emphasizes the tolerance of Sids 12, Misr 2 and Gemmieza 9 genotypes to the water deficit.

Conclusion
Among the examined genotypes, Sids 12, Misr 2, Shandaweel1 and Gemmieza 9 and line 20 are recommended to be cultivated in water shortage conditions as they show high performance under water regime conditions.
Burnout in medical undergraduate students in Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alqifari Abdullah , Alghidani Mashael , Almazyad Ruba , Alotaibi Aljowharah , Alharbi Wijdan A. , Aljumail Entisar , Alqefari Ghaida , Alkamees Abdulmajed , Alqifari Hana 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundBurnout, defined as mental and physical exhaustion, has been an issue for many medical students. Medical student burnout is associated with many factors such as academic pressure, sleep deprivation, exposure to patient suffering, and high academic demand. In this study, we assessed the prevalence of burnout symptoms among preclinical and clinical medical students studying at Qassim University in Qassim, Saudi Arabia.ResultsThree hundred thirty-six subjects entered the final data analysis with a majority between 18 and 24 years of age, of whom 56.5% was females and 43.5% was males. The overall burnout prevalence was 8%. The female gender was a significant predictor of emotional exhaustion and personal efficacy, (OR = 2.510; 95% Cl [1.845–3.415];pvalue 0.000) and (OR = 1.434; 95% Cl [1.086–1.866];pvalue 0.010), respectively.ConclusionAmong medical students, burnout is common. The impact of gender on burnout was noticed; female gender was a significant predictor of emotional exhaustion and personal efficacy. Medical education style had no impact on burnout levels among medical students.