bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources, fate and distribution of inorganic contaminants in the Svalbard area, representative of a typical Arctic critical environment–a review
Authors: Rudnicka-Kępa Paulina , Zaborska Agata 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGlobal environmental changes not only contribute to the modification of global pollution transport pathways but can also alter contaminant fate within the Arctic. Recent reports underline the importance of secondary sources of pollution, e.g. melting glaciers, thawing permafrost or increased riverine run-off. This article reviews reports on the European Arctic–we concentrate on the Svalbard region–and environmental contamination by inorganic pollutants (heavy metals and artificial radionuclides), including their transport pathways, their fate in the Arctic environment and the concentrations of individual elements in the ecosystem. This review presents in detail the secondary contaminant sources and tries to identify knowledge gaps, as well as indicate needs for further research. Concentrations of heavy metals and radionuclides in Svalbard have been studied, in various environmental elements since the beginning of the twentieth century. In the last 5 years, the highest concentrations of Cd (13 mg kg−1) and As (28 mg kg−1) were recorded for organic-rich soils, while levels of Pb (99 mg kg−1), Hg (1 mg kg−1), Zn (496 mg kg−1) and Cu (688 mg kg−1) were recorded for marine sediments. Increased heavy metal concentrations were also recorded in some flora and fauna species. For radionuclides in the last 5 years, the highest concentrations of137Cs (4500 Bq kg−1),238Pu (2 Bq kg−1) and239 + 240Pu (43 Bq kg−1) were recorded for cryoconites, and the highest concentration of241Am (570 Bq kg−1) was recorded in surface sediments. However, no contamination of flora and fauna with radionuclides was observed.
Fatigue crack growth under mixed-mode I + II and I + III in heat treated 42CrMo4 steel
Authors: Duda Monika , Rozumek Dariusz , Lesiuk Grzegorz , Smolnicki Michał , Babiarczuk Bartosz , Warycha Joanna 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe paper contains the results of an experimental investigation of fatigue crack development under mixed-mode I + II and I + III in heat-treated 42CrMo4 steel. Tests were performed on heat-treated compact tension shear specimens and rectangular cross-section specimens for mixed-mode I + III. Mixed-mode I + II tests were conducted for 30 and 60° loading angle, while the test for I + III mixed-mode was conducted for 30 and 45°. Additionally, the paper presents fracture analysis results of fatigue crack path development.
Radiomics-based prediction of multiple gene alteration incorporating mutual genetic information in glioblastoma and grade 4 astrocytoma, IDH-mutant
Authors: Sohn Beomseok , An Chansik , Kim Dain , Ahn Sung Soo , Han Kyunghwa , Kim Se Hoon , Kang Seok-Gu , Chang Jong Hee , Lee Seung-Koo 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Purpose
In glioma, molecular alterations are closely associated with disease prognosis. This study aimed to develop a radiomics-based multiple gene prediction model incorporating mutual information of each genetic alteration in glioblastoma and grade 4 astrocytoma, IDH-mutant.

Methods
From December 2014 through January 2020, we enrolled 418 patients with pathologically confirmed glioblastoma (based on the 2016 WHO classification). All selected patients had preoperative MRI and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation, O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation, epidermal growth factor receptor amplification, and alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) loss status. Patients were randomly split into training and test sets (7:3 ratio). Enhancing tumor and peritumoral T2-hyperintensity were auto-segmented, and 660 radiomics features were extracted. We built binary relevance (BR) and ensemble classifier chain (ECC) models for multi-label classification and compared their performance. In the classifier chain, we calculated the mean absolute Shapley value of input features.

Results
The micro-averaged area under the curves (AUCs) for the test set were 0.804 and 0.842 in BR and ECC models, respectively. IDH mutation status was predicted with the highest AUCs of 0.964 (BR) and 0.967 (ECC). The ECC model showed higher AUCs than the BR model for ATRX (0.822 vs. 0.775) and MGMT promoter methylation (0.761 vs. 0.653) predictions. The mean absolute Shapley values suggested that predicted outcomes from the prior classifiers were important for better subsequent predictions along the classifier chains.

Conclusion
We built a radiomics-based multiple gene prediction chained model that incorporates mutual information of each genetic alteration in glioblastoma and grade 4 astrocytoma, IDH-mutant and performs better than a simple bundle of binary classifiers using prior classifiers’ prediction probability.
Die Klassenwiederholung als kritisches Lebensereignis für das Wohlbefinden von Schulkindern an weiterführenden Schulen?
Authors: Vockert Theres , Loter Katharina , Herke Max , Richter Matthias , Rathmann Katharina 
Published: October 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
In Deutschland erlebt knapp ein Fünftel aller Schulkinder (18,1 %) eine Klassenwiederholung, die häufig als kritisches Ereignis wahrgenommen wird. Der Effekt auf das Wohlbefinden wurde bislang kaum untersucht.

Fragestellung
Welche Bedeutung hat eine Rückversetzung und Klassenwiederholung für das Wohlbefinden von Schulkindern an weiterführenden Schulen, differenziert nach Schulform sowie Ab- und Aufwärtsmobilität (Schulwechsel an eine Schule mit niedrigerem beziehungsweise höherem Bildungsabschluss)?

Material und Methode
Datenbasis bildet die Startkohorte 3 ab Klasse 5 (Welle 1 bis 9, n = 3738 aus 280 Schulen) des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS), welche mittels Fixed Effects Regressionen ausgewertet werden.

Ergebnisse
Die Ergebnisse zeigen kurzfristig negative und mittel- und langfristig positive Effekte der Klassenwiederholung auf das Wohlbefinden von Schulkindern aller Schulformen, mit Ausnahme der Hauptschule. Auch bei Schulkindern, die an eine Schule mit niedrigerem Bildungsabschluss wechselten, zeigt sich eine positive Entwicklung des Wohlbefindens nach einer Klassenwiederholung.

Schlussfolgerungen
Die Studie weist darauf hin, dass bei der Entwicklung von Maßnahmen zur Förderung des Wohlbefindens von Klassenwiederholer*innen auf unterschiedliche Schulformen und mögliche Schulformwechsel eingegangen werden sollte.
Risk of COVID-19 and its complications in patients with atopic dermatitis undergoing dupilumab treatment—a population-based cohort study
Authors: Kridin Khalaf , Schonmann Yochai , Solomon Arie , Onn Erez , Bitan Dana Tzur , Weinstein Orly , Cohen Arnon D. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infection and its complications among patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) treated by dupilumab is yet to be determined. We aimed to assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19-associated hospitalization, and mortality among patients with AD treated by dupilumab. A population-based cohort study was conducted to compare AD patients treated by dupilumab (n = 238) with those treated by prolonged systemic corticosteroids (≥ 3 months; n = 1,023), phototherapy (n = 461), and azathioprine or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; n = 194) regarding the incidence of COVID-19 and its complications. The incidence rate of COVID-19, COVID-19-associated hospitalization, and mortality among patients treated by dupilumab was 70.1 (95% CI, 40.5–116.4), 5.0 (95% CI, 0.3–24.7), and 0.0 per 1,000 person-year, respectively. The use of dupilumab was not associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection [adjusted HR for dupilumab vs. prolonged systemic corticosteroids: 1.13 (95% CI, 0.61–2.09); dupilumab vs. phototherapy: 0.80 (95% CI, 0.42–1.53); dupilumab vs. azathioprine/MMF: 1.10 (95% CI, 0.45–2.65)]. Dupilumab was associated with a comparable risk of COVID-19-associated hospitalization [adjusted HR for dupilumab vs. prolonged systemic corticosteroids: 0.35 (95% CI, 0.05–2.71); dupilumab vs. phototherapy: 0.43 (95% CI, 0.05–3.98); dupilumab vs. azathioprine/MMF: 0.25 (95% CI, 0.02–2.74)]. When applicable, the risk of mortality was not elevated in patients with AD treated by dupilumab [HR for dupilumab vs. prolonged systemic corticosteroids: 0.04 (95% CI, 0.00–225.20)]. To conclude, dupilumab does not impose an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 complications in patients with AD. Dupilumab should be continued and considered as a safe drug for moderate-to-severe AD during the pandemic.
Effects of Exercise on Sexual Dysfunction in Patients with Prostate Cancer – A Systematic Review
Authors: Reimer Nadine , Zopf Eva Maria , Böwe Rebecca , Baumann Freerk Theeagnus 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that exercise interventions may improve sexual dysfunction, one of the most common and distressing long-term adverse effects of cancer treatment.AimThe aim of this systematic review is to provide an overview of the effects of exercise on sexual dysfunction in prostate cancer patients.MethodsA systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. The systematic literature search was performed on 13th July 2021 using CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Medline and Web of Science. Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing sexual function in prostate cancer patients conducting an exercise intervention alone or in combination with other supportive interventions. The methodological quality was assessed using the Physiotherapy Education Database Score and Jadad scale. Outcomes were reported as between-group differences. Intragroup differences were also reported if significant.OutcomesPositive intervention effects on sexual function were primarily observed in patients following prostatectomy and undergoing anti-hormone treatment and for pelvic floor muscle exercises as well as aerobic and resistance exercise.RESULTS22 RCTs (n = 1.752 patients) met the eligibility criteria, conducting either an exercise-only intervention (n = 10), a multimodal (exercise plus other supportive therapy) intervention (n = 4), or pelvic floor muscle exercises (n = 8). 6 RCTs assessed sexual dysfunction as a primary endpoint and 8 RCTs used dedicated assessment methods. 9 of the 22 RCTs found significant between-group differences in favor of the intervention group.Clinical ImplicationsThe multifaceted etiology of sexual dysfunction provides a strong rationale to further investigate the effects of exercise on sexual dysfunction in prostate cancer patients and also to consider a multidisciplinary approach.Strengths and LimitationsA strength is the comprehensive literature search to identify RCTs involving different exercise interventions and a wide range of sexual function assessments. Further, this is the first systematic review on this topic. The main limitations include the difficulty to compare studies due to the heterogeneity of exercise interventions and low questionnaire completion rates in some studies.CONCLUSIONPreliminary data from a small number of studies suggest that certain exercise interventions may improve sexual dysfunction in prostate cancer patients, however further trials involving sexual dyfunction as a primary outcome and more comprehensive assessment tools are needed to confirm the rehabilitative and preventive effects of exercise on sexual dysfunction in prostate cancer patients.
Safety of restarting continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy following endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery
Authors: Chaskes Mark B. , Rabinowitz Mindy R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesPatients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are at increased risk of perioperative and postoperative morbidity. The use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the perioperative period may be of potential benefit. However, among patients who have undergone endonasal skull base surgery, many surgeons avoid prompt re‐initiation of CPAP therapy due to the theoretical increased risk of epistaxis, excessive dryness, pneumocephalus, repair migration, intracranial introduction of bacteria, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. The objective of this article is to review the most up‐to‐date literature regarding when it is safe to resume CPAP usage in the patient undergoing endonasal skull base surgery.Data Sources and MethodsThis review combines the most recent literature as queried through PubMed regarding the safety of CPAP resumption following endonasal skull base surgery.ResultsRecent surveys of skull base surgeons demonstrate little consensus regarding the post‐operative management of OSA. Recent cadaveric studies suggest that approximately 85% of delivered CPAP pressures are transmitted to the sphenoid sinus. Further, at frequently prescribed CPAP pressure settings, common sellar reconstruction techniques maintain their integrity while preventing very little transmission of pressure into the sella. In small retrospective case series, patients with OSA who received CPAP immediately following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery had similar rates of surgical complications as OSA patients who did not receive CPAP in the immediate post‐operative period. Concerns of re‐initiating CPAP too early, such as the development of pneumocephalus, rarely develop.ConclusionsThere remains a paucity of objective data regarding when it is safe to resume CPAP following endonasal skull base surgery. Recent cadaveric studies and small retrospective case series suggest that it may be safe to resume CPAP earlier than is often practiced following endonasal skull base surgery.
Validity of ICD-10 Codes for Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Depends on Clinical Context
Authors: Zhou Lily W. , Yu Amy Y. X. , Hall William , Hill Michael D. , Field Thalia S. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT:We examined the accuracy of International Classification of Disease 10th iteration (ICD-10) diagnosis codes within Canadian administrative data in identifying cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Of 289 confirmed cases of CVT admitted to our comprehensive stroke center between 2008 and 2018, 239/289 were new diagnoses and 204/239 were acute events with only 75/204 representing symptomatic CVTs not provoked by trauma or structural processes. Using ICD-10 codes in any position, sensitivity was 39.1% and positive predictive value was 94.2% for patients with a current or history of CVT and 84.0% and 52.5% for acute and symptomatic CVTs not provoked by trauma or structural processes.
Emergency Hospital Evacuation From a Hospital Within 5 km Radius of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant: A Retrospective Analysis of Disaster Preparedness for Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Sawano Toyoaki , Senoo Yuki , Yoshida Izumi , Ozaki Akihiko , Nishikawa Yoshitaka , Hori Arinobu , Oikawa Tomoyoshi , Tanigawa Koichi , Shigetomi Shuichi , Tsubokura Masaharu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEmergency evacuation during disasters may have significant health impacts on vulnerable populations. The Japanese Government issued evacuation orders for surrounding residents of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (FDNPP) immediately after the March 11, 2011, nuclear accident. Little is known of difficulties associated with the disaster-specific evacuation from health care facilities located in this area. Among the 338 patients hospitalized at Futaba Hospital, located 4.6 km west of FDNPP, at the time of the accident, 39 patients (11.5%), predominantly critically ill patients who were bedridden or disabled, died before the evacuation was completed. The shortage of hospital staff and disruption of infrastructure resulted in a lack of adequate care provision, such as infusion therapy or sputum suctioning, leading to premature death of some hospitalized patients during the emergency hospital evacuation. As hospital evacuation is sometimes unavoidable during disasters, potential health impacts of hospital evacuation should be recognized and reflected in disaster preparedness plans.
Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among health care workers in Amhara region referral hospitals, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Aemro Agazhe , Amare Nakachew Sewnet , Shetie Belayneh , Chekol Basazinew , Wassie Mulugeta 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy remains a serious global threat to achieve herd immunity, and this study aimed to assess the magnitude and associated factors of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Amhara regional referral hospitals. A web-based anonymised survey was conducted among 440 HCWs in the Amhara region referral hospitals. The questionnaire was designed using Google Forms and distributed using telegram and e-mail from 15 May to 10 June 2021 to the randomly selected participants in each hospital. The data were analysed with Stata 14.0 and described using frequency tables. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was fitted and model fitness was checked with the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit test. Out of 440 participants, 418 were willing to participate in the study and the mean age was about 30 years. Overall, 45.9% (n = 192) of participants reported vaccine hesitancy. After applying multivariate analysis, age ≤25 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5.6); do not wear a mask (aOR = 2.4); not compliance with physical distancing (aOR = 3.6); unclear information by public health authorities (aOR = 2.5); low risk of getting COVID-19 infection (aOR = 2.8); and not sure about the tolerability of the vaccine (aOR = 3.76) were associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. A considerable proportion of HCWs were hesitant towards COVID-19 vaccine, and this can be tackled with the provision of clear information about the vaccine.
Ultrasound-guided post-pyloric feeding tube insertion in peri-operative cardiac infants
Authors: Hamadah Hussam K. , Elsaoudi Ahmed R.F , Faraji Mohammad A. , Kabbani Mohamed S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDelivery of enteral nutrition in critical infants post-paediatric cardiac surgery is sometimes hampered, necessitating direct feeding into the small intestine. This study is highlighting the role of ultrasound-guided post-pyloric feeding tube insertion performed by the paediatric cardiac ICU intensivist in critically ill infants.Methods:We carried out a prospective pilot observational experimental study in peri-operative cardiac infants with feeding intolerance between 2019 and 2021. Feeding tube insertion depends on a combination of ultrasound and gastric insufflation with air-saline mixture. Insertion was confirmed by bedside abdominal X-ray.Results:Out of 500 peri-operative cardiac infants, 15 needed post-pyloric feeding tube insertion in median 15 postoperative day. All were under 6 months of age with average weight of 3 ± 0.2 kg. Median Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery Categories was 4. Median insertion time was 15 minutes. No complications have been reported. First pass success rate was 87%, while a second successful insertion attempt was needed in 2 cases (13%). Target daily calorie intake was achieved within average of 3.5 ± 0.4 days. Mean post-pyloric feeding tube stay was 20 ± 3 days. Out of 15 infants, 3 patients died, 1 patient needed gastrostomy tube, and 11 patients were discharged home on oral feeds.Conclusions:Ultrasound-guided post-pyloric feeding tube insertion using gastric insufflation with air-saline mixture in peri-operative cardiac infants with feeding intolerance is a useful and practical bedside tool, and it can be performed by a trained paediatric cardiac ICU intensivist. It may have potential positive effects on morbidity and outcome.
Correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume with severity of carditis in children with rheumatic fever
Authors: Aryani I Gusti Ayu D. , Yantie Ni Putu V. K. , Gunawijaya Eka , Gustawan I Wayan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackground:The most serious manifestation of rheumatic fever is carditis, as it can lead to chronic rheumatic heart disease. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume have been accepted as novel indicators of the continuing inflammation that is correlated with the severity of valvular involvement in patients with rheumatic carditis.Objective:As a diagnostic study to investigate the correlation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume with the severity of carditis in children with rheumatic fever.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study at Sanglah Hospital, Bali. Data were collected retrospectively from medical records. Severity of carditis was characterised by a clinical, audible murmur during physical examination and demonstration of valvular involvement by echocardiography. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and mean platelet volume were calculated from complete blood count. The correlation between parameters was assessed using Spearman’s correlation tests.Results:From January 2018 to December 2020, we found 45 cases admitted to Sanglah Hospital. Carditis was present in 40 (88.9%) subjects. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio had a strong positive correlation with severity of carditis (r = 0.66, p = 0.001), while platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio had a weak positive correlation with the severity of carditis (r = 0.23, p = 0.13) and mean platelet volume had a very weak negative correlation with the severity of carditis (r = −0.01, p = 0.95). Using a cut-off of 3.4, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicted severe carditis with a sensitivity of 81.8% and specificity of 91.3%.Conclusion:There was a positive correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and severity of carditis in children with rheumatic fever. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio might be used as a diagnostic tool to predict the diagnosis of carditis severity.
Rural community-based nurses’ self-reported knowledge and skills in the provision of psychosocial care to palliative and end-of-life clients and carers
Authors: Ristevski Eli , Leach Michael , Bolton Ellen , Spargo Melissa , Byrne Anny , Khalil Hanan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined rural community-based nurses' self-reported knowledge and skills in the provision of psychosocial care to rural residing palliative and end-of-life clients and carers. We further sought to determine correlates of knowledge gaps to inform workforce education and planning.MethodNurses from a rural area of Victoria, Australia, were invited to complete an electronic questionnaire rating their knowledge against 6 national palliative care standards and 10 screening and assessment tools. A 5-point scale of (1) No experience to (5) Can teach others was used to rate knowledge. Results were classified into three categories: practice gaps, areas of consolidation, and strengths. Descriptive and logistical regression was used to analyze data.ResultsA total of 122 of 165 nurses (response rate = 74%) completed the survey. Of these nurses, 87% were Registered Nurses, 43% had ≥10 years' experience in palliative care, and 40% had palliative care training. The majority of practices across the standards and screening and assessment tools were rated as knowledge strengths (N = 55/67, 82%). Gaps and areas of consolidation were in the use of client and carer assessment tools, the care of specific populations such as children, supporting carers with appropriate referrals, resources, and grief, and facilitating the processes of reporting a death to the coroner. Lack of formal training and lower years of experience were found to be associated with practice gaps.Significance of resultsOur study found rural nurses were confident in their knowledge and skills in the majority of psychosocial care. As generalist nurses make up the majority of the rural nursing workforce, further research should be undertaken on what educational strategies are needed to support and upskill rural community-based nurses to undertake formal training in palliative care.