bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality in acute pancreatitis with persistent organ failure is determined by the number, type, and sequence of organ systems affected
Authors: Machicado Jorge D. , Gougol Amir , Tan Xiaoqing , Gao Xiaotian , Paragomi Pedram , Pothoulakis Ioannis , Talukdar Rupjyoti , Kochhar Rakesh , Goenka Mahesh K. , Gulla Aiste , Gonzalez Jose A. , Singh Vikesh K. , Ferreira Miguel , Stevens Tyler , Barbu Sorin T. , Nawaz Haq , Gutierrez Silvia C. , Zarnescu Narcis O. , Capurso Gabriele , Easler Jeffrey J. , Triantafyllou Konstantinos , Pelaez‐Luna Mario , Thakkar Shyam , Ocampo Carlos , de‐Madaria Enrique , Cote Gregory A. , Wu Bechien U. , Conwell Darwin L. , Hart Phil A. , Tang Gong , Papachristou Georgios I. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundPersistent organ failure (POF) is the strongest determinant of mortality in acute pancreatitis (AP). There is a paucity of data regarding the impact of different POF attributes on mortality and the role of different characteristics of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in the risk of developing POF.ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the association of POF dynamic features with mortality and SIRS characteristics with POF.MethodsWe studied 1544 AP subjects prospectively enrolled at 22 international centers (APPRENTICE consortium). First, we estimated the association of onset, duration, and maximal score of SIRS with POF. Then, we evaluated the risk of mortality based on POF onset, duration, number, type, and sequence of organs affected. Analyses were adjusted for potential confounders.Results58% had SIRS, 11% developed POF, and 2.5% died. Early SIRS, persistent SIRS, and maximal SIRS score ≥ 3 were independently associated with higher risk of POF (p < 0.05). Mortality risk in POF was higher with two (33%, odds ratio [OR] = 10.8, 3.3–34.9) and three (48%, OR = 20.2, 5.9–68.6) organs failing, in comparison to single POF (4%). In subjects with multiple POF, mortality was higher when the cardiovascular and respiratory systems failed first or concurrently as compared to when the renal system failed first or concurrently with other organ (p < 0.05). In multivariate regression model, the number and sequence of organs affected in POF were associated with mortality (p < 0.05). Onset and duration of POF had no impact mortality.ConclusionIn AP patients with POF, the risk of mortality is influenced by the number, type, and sequence of organs affected. These results are useful for future revisions of AP severity classification systems.
Inflammatory response of miniature horses subjected to open and half‐closed orchiectomy techniques
Authors: de Moura Alonso Juliana , de Melo‐Neto Gabriel Barbosa , dos Santos Bruna , Mogollón García Henry David , Paim Kamila Pinheiro , Pinheiro Ferreira João Carlos , Santos Schmidt Elizabeth Moreira , da Silva Amanda Nogueira Ferreira , da Cunha Grazielly Marques , Takahira Regina Kiomi , Ferreira Canuto Lucas Emanuel , Papa Frederico Ozanam , Hussni Carlos Alberto 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground: This study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory response of miniature horses subjected to open and half‐closed orchiectomy by physical examination, blood cell count, peritoneal fluid evaluation, total plasma protein, fibrinogen, and serum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations.Methods: Thirteen male healthy miniature horses were divided into two groups, according to the surgical approach: half‐closed technique (HCT) and open technique (OT). The HCT group was subjected to ligation of the spermatic cord followed by its sharp incision, and closure of the vaginal tunic, and the OT group was only submitted to cord ligation. Prior to, and at 1, 2, 3 and 5 days after the surgery, a general and specific physical examination, blood cell counts, total plasma protein, peritoneal fluid evaluation, fibrinogen, and SAA concentrations were performed.Results: Higher postoperative perilesional oedema, rectal temperature, and fibrinogen were observed in the HCT group. Groups did not differ as to SAA concentrations. The evaluated local and systemic inflammatory profile demonstrated that, as expected, surgery resulted in inflammation in both groups.Conclusions: The group subjected to the HCT showed a more intense and lasting inflammatory response. However, despite the different postoperative inflammatory profiles, both groups presented a favourable outcome and recovery.
Test and vaccinate or remove: Methodology and preliminary results from a badger intervention research project
Authors: Menzies Fraser D. , McCormick Carl M. , O'Hagan Maria J. H. , Collins Shane F. , McEwan Jim , McGeown Clare F. , McHugh Geraldine E. , Hart Colin D. , Stringer Lesley A. , Molloy Colm , Burns Gareth , McBride Stewart J. , Doyle Liam P. , Courcier Emily A. , McBride Kathryn R. , McNair James , Thompson Suzan , Corbett David M. , Harwood Roland G. , Trimble Nigel A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground: In the British Isles, it is generally accepted that the Eurasian badger (Meles meles) plays a role in the maintenance of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle. Non‐selective culling is the main intervention method deployed in controlling bTB in badgers along with smaller scale Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination areas. This paper describes the use of selective badger culling combined with vaccination in a research intervention trial.Methods: In Northern Ireland, a 100 km2 area was subjected to a test and vaccinate or remove (TVR) badger intervention over a 5‐year period. Badgers were individually identified and tested on an annual basis. Physical characteristics and clinical samples were obtained from each unique badger capture event.Results: A total of 824 badgers were trapped with 1520 capture/sampling events. There were no cage‐related injuries to the majority of badgers (97%). A low level of badger removal was required (4.1%–16.4% annually), while 1412 BCG vaccinations were administered. A statistically significant downward trend in the proportion of test positive badgers was observed.Conclusion: This is the first project to clearly demonstrate the feasibility of cage side testing of badgers. The results provide valuable data on the logistics and resources required to undertake a TVR approach to control Mycobacterium bovis in badgers.
Administration of ketoprofen affects post‐partum lying behaviours of Holstein dairy cows regardless of whether parturition is assisted
Authors: Gladden Nicola , Ellis Kathryn , Martin Jessica , McKeegan Dorothy 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground: Assistance at parturition in cattle is common. Although analgesia is commonly provided, its value in terms of welfare improvement is not known. Few previous studies include both parturition assistance and analgesic treatment status as well as appropriate control groups in a factorial design.Methods: Seventy‐two Holstein cattle (37 assisted and 35 unassisted) were randomly allocated to receive a single dose of the NSAID ketoprofen or a saline placebo within 3 h of parturition. Detailed behavioural observations allowed a time budget to be constructed for each cow for 48 h post‐partum.Results: Cows experiencing assisted parturition spent more time in lateral recumbency (overall and with the head rested) (p < 0.05) – an infrequently adopted posture suggestive of illness or pain. Cows treated with ketoprofen spent less time in lateral recumbency (p < 0.05) (overall and with the head rested); this was independent of assistance status, and lateral recumbency was not affected by the interaction between assistance and treatment status. Additionally, cows treated with ketoprofen spent more time with the head rested when in sternal recumbency (p = 0.009) – a behaviour associated with comfortable resting.Conclusion: These differences in lying postures exhibited by cows receiving ketoprofen analgesia suggest that, regardless of whether parturition is assisted, a single dose of ketoprofen in the immediate post‐partum period has the potential to improve cow comfort in the first 48 h post‐partum.
Investigation of hypomagnesaemia prevalence and underlying aetiology in a hospitalised cohort of dogs with ionised hypocalcaemia
Authors: Woods Glynn A. , Oikonomidis Ioannis L. , Gow Adam G. , Tørnqvist‐Johnsen Camilla , Boyé Pierre , Chng Yuru , Mellanby Richard J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesCalcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and plays a critical role in a wide range of physiological processes. Low concentrations of ionised calcium, the most metabolically available form of calcium, have been linked to an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes in dogs. Magnesium plays an important role in parathyroid hormone function. The objective of this study was to define the prevalence and aetiology of hypomagnesaemia in a hospitalised cohort of dogs with ionised hypocalcaemia (IHC).MethodsA total magnesium reference interval was established using serum biochemistry results from 346 clinically healthy dogs. The clinical records of dogs with IHC were reviewed, and concurrent serum magnesium concentrations were recorded alongside clinical signs and underlying aetiology. The prevalence, clinical presentation and aetiology of hypomagnesaemia were examined in the IHC population.ResultsTwo hundred and ninety‐five IHC dogs were identified. Hypomagnesaemia was identified in 22%. Total magnesium concentration was significantly higher in dogs with renal disease. The most common cause of concurrent hypomagnesaemia and IHC was gastrointestinal diseases.ConclusionLow concentrations of serum magnesium occur in approximately one fifth of all dogs with IHC. Further studies are required to clarify the link between magnesium status, IHC and clinical outcome.
The individual in the system: The role of affect in recent veterinary graduates' reflective activity
Authors: Warman Sheena M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground: The transition to professional practice can be a challenging time. The Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons' (RCVS) Professional Development Phase (PDP) aims to support recent graduates through this transition, with graduates required to reflect on their experiences. This study drew on the concept of “lived experience” to explore the influence of affect (feelings, emotions and mood) on recent graduates' experience of reflective activity.Methods: Data comprised semi‐structured interviews with 15 recent graduates from one veterinary school. Thematic analysis was used to explore the influence of three aspects of affect on reflective activity: affective valence (whether a chosen action is anticipated to result in positive or negative feelings), tacit aspects (such as tiredness) and perceptions of workplace mood.Results: Participants preferred to engage in activities associated with positive feelings. Tacit feelings, such as panic or tiredness, and perceptions of workplace mood, influenced how and with whom participants engaged in reflective activity. Participants often made different choices when reflecting primarily on affective compared to clinical aspects of situations.Conclusion: These findings suggest that acknowledging and understanding aspects of affect during the professional development phase has the potential to help the profession improve support for recent graduates.
Evaluation of urine dipstick for proteinuria assessment in pet rabbits
Authors: Agúndez Miguel Gallego , Porquet Naima Cassez 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground: Naturally occurring kidney disease (KD) in pet rabbits has not been fully characterized. It has been previously suggested that proteinuria, especially when associated with isosthenuria, may be an early indicator of KD prior to azotaemia in rabbits. The aim of the current study was to assess the diagnostic utility of the urinary protein dipstick test (UPDT) for detecting proteinuria in rabbit urine samples as a useful diagnostic tool in clinical setting.Methods: Three hundred urinalyses from 156 pet rabbits were retrospectively analysed by comparing the UPDT with the urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) to assess its diagnostic performance in detecting proteinuria, defined as UPC > 0.3. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values (NPVs) were determined.Results: When urine‐specific gravity (USG) was ≤1.024 and a UPDT result of >0 was considered proteinuric, the specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were both 100%. Following the same criteria, specificity and PPV decreased to 92.1% and 92.5% when USG was ≤1.038. NPVs were poor.Conclusion: In rabbits, a UPDT result > 0 is indicative of proteinuria (UPC > 0.3) when the USG is ≤1.024. In all other cases, proteinuria should be measured using the UPC.
On the Quaternionic Short-Time Fourier and Segal–Bargmann Transforms
Authors: De Martino Antonino , Diki Kamal 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study a special one-dimensional quaternion short-time Fourier transform (QSTFT). Its construction is based on the slice hyperholomorphic Segal–Bargmann transform. We discuss some basic properties and prove different results on the QSTFT such as Moyal formula, reconstruction formula and Lieb’s uncertainty principle. We provide also the reproducing kernel associated with the Gabor space considered in this setting.
Asymptotics of Polynomial Interpolation and the Bernstein Constants
Authors: Revers Michael 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIt is well known that the interpolation error for $$\left| x\right| ^{\alpha },\alpha >0$$

x

α

,
α
>
0

in $$L_{\infty }\left[ -1,1\right] $$

L
∞

-
1
,
1

by Lagrange interpolation polynomials based on the zeros of the Chebyshev polynomials of first kind can be represented in its limiting form by entire functions of exponential type. In this paper, we establish new asymptotic bounds for these quantities when $$\alpha $$
α
tends to infinity. Moreover, we present some explicit constructions for near best approximation polynomials to $$\left| x\right| ^{\alpha },\alpha >0$$

x

α

,
α
>
0

in the $$L_{\infty }$$

L
∞

norm which are based on the Chebyshev interpolation process. The resulting formulas possibly indicate a general approach towards the structure of the associated Bernstein constants.
Lebenswelten Kitas und Schulen – Herausforderungen für die Gesundheitsämter in der Pandemie
Authors: Horacek Ulrike , Auer Isabel , Thaiss Heidrun 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungKinder- und Jugendgesundheitsdienste (KJGD) als eine kommunale Struktureinheit des deutschen öffentlichen Gesundheitssystems sind mit der Gesundheitsfürsorge für Kinder, Jugendliche und Familien befasst. Wesentliche Aufgaben sind in den Gesundheitsdienstgesetzen der Bundesländer festgelegt und umfassen Tätigkeiten in, für und mit Betreuungs- und Bildungseinrichtungen. Seit Beginn der COVID-19-Pandemie haben sich die Tätigkeiten der KJGD deutlich verändert. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Aufgaben während der Pandemie dargestellt. Grundlage ist eine Befragung von KJGD-Leitungen in 11 Kommunen im Bundesland Nordrhein-Westfalen im Oktober 2020.Der KJGD wird während der Pandemie stark in den Infektionsschutz in Kitas und Schulen eingebunden. Dazu gehören Kontaktpersonennachverfolgung, Abstrichentnahme, Beratung, Teilnahme am Krisenstab, Quarantäneüberwachung und Datenerfassung. Originäre Tätigkeiten müssen in vielen Bereichen vollkommen eingestellt oder zumindest stark eingeschränkt werden. Betroffen sind u. a. die Aufgabenbereiche Betriebsmedizin, Gutachten, Schuleingangsuntersuchungen, Feststellung sonderpädagogischer Unterstützungsbedarfe, Gesundheitsberichterstattung, Kooperationen mit Kinderschutz und Frühen Hilfen, Ausbruchsmanagement für andere Erkrankungen und Schließung von Impflücken.Die Folgen des Aussetzens originärer Tätigkeiten sind noch nicht abzusehen, so z. B. jene von fehlenden Schuleingangsuntersuchungen. Die Wiederaufnahme der Tätigkeiten ist dringend erforderlich. Im Interesse der kommunalen Daseinsvorsorge ist der KJGD ein unverzichtbarer Health-in-all-policies-Akteur, Koordinator und Garant dafür, dass Kinder und Jugendliche nicht nur physisch gesund und von Infektionen verschont bleiben, sondern auch in ihrer Entwicklung und Teilhabe unterstützt werden.
Intraoperative mapping of pre-central motor cortex and subcortex: a proposal for supplemental cortical and novel subcortical maps to Penfield’s motor homunculus
Authors: Ghimire Prajwal , Lavrador Jose Pedro , Baig Mirza Asfand , Pereira Noemia , Keeble Hannah , Borri Marco , Furlanetti Luciano , Brogna Christian , Jarosz Jozef , Gullan Richard , Vergani Francesco , Bhangoo Ranjeev , Ashkan Keyoumars 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPenfield’s motor homunculus describes a caricaturised yet useful representation of the map of various body parts on the pre-central cortex. We propose a supplemental map of the clinically represented areas of human body in pre-central cortex and a novel subcortical corticospinal tract map. We believe this knowledge is essential for safe surgery in patients with eloquent brain lesions. A single-institution retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent craniotomy for motor eloquent lesions with intraoperative motor neuromonitoring (cortical and subcortical) between 2015 and 2020 was performed. All positive cortical and subcortical stimulation points were taken into account and cartographic maps were produced to demonstrate cortical and subcortical areas of motor representation and their configuration. A literature review in PubMed was performed. One hundred and eighty consecutive patients (58.4% male, 41.6% female) were included in the study with 81.6% asleep and 18.4% awake craniotomies for motor eloquent lesions (gliomas 80.7%, metastases 13.8%) with intraoperative cortical and subcortical motor mapping. Based on the data, we propose a supplemental clinical cortical and a novel subcortical motor map to the original Penfield’s motor homunculus, including demonstration of localisation of intercostal muscles both in the cortex and subcortex which has not been previously described. The supplementary clinical cortical and novel subcortical motor maps of the homunculus presented here have been derived from a large cohort of patients undergoing direct cortical and subcortical brain mapping. The information will have direct relevance for improving the safety and outcome of patients undergoing resection of motor eloquent brain lesions.
Update pulmonale Hypertonie mit Fokus auf Lungenkrankheiten
Authors: Foris V. , Kovacs G. , Olschewski H. 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDie pulmonale Hypertonie (PH) wird laut aktuellem 6. „World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension“ (WSPH) in 5 Gruppen unterteilt, die pulmonalarterielle Hypertonie (PAH, Gruppe 1), die PH bei Linksherzerkrankungen (Gruppe 2), die PH bei Lungenerkrankungen und/oder Hypoxie (Gruppe 3), die chronisch thrombembolische PH (CTEPH, Gruppe 4) und die PH mit unklarer oder multifaktorieller Ursache (Gruppe 5). Die Diagnose basiert auf der Rechtsherzkatheteruntersuchung, die nun einen pulmonalarteriellen Mitteldruck > 20 mm Hg erfordert. Wichtigste nichtinvasive diagnostische Untersuchung ist die Echokardiographie, aber auch Elektrokardiographie, das Röntgen des Thorax sowie die DLCO (Kohlenmonoxiddiffusionskapazität) sind von Bedeutung. Die PAH-Therapieempfehlungen umfassen 5 als Einzel- oder Kombinationstherapien bei PAH und nichtoperablen chronisch thrombembolischen PH zugelassene Substanzklassen. Für die Gruppe-3-PH wird von einer PAH-Therapie abgeraten, außer bei der Subgruppe mit drohendem Rechtsherzversagen.
Convergence analysis of the scaled boundary finite element method for the Laplace equation
Authors: Bertrand Fleurianne , Boffi Daniele , G. de Diego Gonzalo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) is a relatively recent boundary element method that allows the approximation of solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs) without the need of a fundamental solution. A theoretical framework for the convergence analysis of SBFEM is proposed here. This is achieved by defining a space of semi-discrete functions and constructing an interpolation operator onto this space. We prove error estimates for this interpolation operator and show that optimal convergence to the solution can be obtained in SBFEM. These theoretical results are backed by two numerical examples.
Reframing urban “wildlife” to promote inclusive conservation science and practice
Authors: Egerer Monika , Buchholz Sascha 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCities are home to both a majority of the world’s human population, and to a diversity of wildlife. Urban wildlife conservation research and policy has importantly furthered ecological understanding and species protection in cities, while also leveraging wildlife conservation to connect people to urban nature. Thus, urban wildlife conservation intersects conservation research, conservation policy, and the general public in cities worldwide. Yet, species that are often framed as “urban wildlife” are often of higher trophic levels, including birds and mammals that serve as “flagship” species for public support. Other forms of urban life including plants and invertebrates are often largely ignored, producing a normative urban wildlife concept that may bias urban wildlife conservation research and policy, and sentiment in the general public. To develop new strategies in urban wildlife conservation for the urban era, we need to move towards a more inclusive and holistic framing of urban wildlife for both research and the public. In this article, we discuss the normative framing of urban wildlife and how this framing may bias urban conservation efforts, and argue for a holistic approach to urban wildlife inclusive of all life forms for future research, publicity and policy interventions.
Interocular Grouping in Perceptual Rivalry Localized with fMRI
Authors: Buckthought Athena , Kirsch Lisa E. , Fesi Jeremy D. , Mendola Janine D. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBistable perception refers to a broad class of dynamically alternating visual illusions that result from ambiguous images. These illusions provide a powerful method to study the mechanisms that determine how visual input is integrated over space and time. Binocular rivalry occurs when subjects view different images in each eye, and a similar experience called stimulus rivalry occurs even when the left and right images are exchanged at a fast rate. Many previous studies have identified with fMRI a network of cortical regions that are recruited during binocular rivalry, relative to non-rivalrous control conditions (termed replay) that use physically changing stimuli to mimic rivalry. However, we show here for the first time that additional cortical areas are activated when subjects experience rivalry with interocular grouping. When interocular grouping occurs, activation levels broadly increase, with a slight shift towards right hemisphere lateralization. Moreover, direct comparison of binocular rivalry with and without grouping highlights strong focused activity in the intraparietal sulcus and lateral occipital areas, such as right-sided retinotopic visual areas LO1 and IP2, as well as activity in left-sided visual areas LO1, and IP0-IP2. The equivalent analyses for comparable stimulus (eye-swap) rivalry showed very similar results; the main difference is greater recruitment of the right superior parietal cortex for binocular rivalry, as previously reported. Thus, we found minimal interaction between the novel networks isolated here for interocular grouping, and those previously attributed to stimulus and binocular rivalry. We conclude that spatial integration (i.e,. image grouping/segmentation) is a key function of lateral occipital/intraparietal cortex that acts similarly on competing binocular stimulus representations, regardless of fast monocular changes.