bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and assessment of alleles in the promoter of the Cyc‐B gene that modulate levels of β‐carotene in ripe tomato fruit
Authors: Orchard Caleb J. , Cooperstone Jessica L. , Gas‐Pascual Elisabet , Andrade Marcela C. , Abud Gabriel , Schwartz Steven J. , Francis David M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractNovel diversity may be mined from databases and de novo sequencing, but functional characterization remains a limiting step to identifying new alleles. Classical
breeding approaches augmented by marker‐assisted selection offer a means to rapidly assess the function of new variation in coding or regulatory regions to modulate traits. We used the Cyc‐B gene (B) of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) for a proof of concept because of its role in the production of β‐carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid with importance to human nutrition. We measured carotenoid content in vintage and contemporary varieties and the profiles had a range of β‐carotene from 0.2 to 4.06 mg 100 g−1 fresh weight. We characterized variation in B from 84 sequences recovered from public databases and from an additional 29 high β‐carotene tomato, S. galapagense S. C. Darwin & Peralta, and S. cheesmaniae (L. Riley) Fosberg accessions. Thirteen unique haplotypes across 1600 bp of sequence 5′ to the first ATG were identified with 11 occurring in high β‐carotene accessions we sequenced, and additional haplotypes were identified in public data. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the alleles in high β‐carotene varieties were derived from wild species. Association analysis suggested two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as the most likely causes of high β‐carotene, presumably through their influence on transcription of B that is elevated in ripening fruit. A marker‐assisted backcross breeding scheme leveraging SNPs for background genome selection was used to rapidly develop germplasm resources containing different alleles of B in a uniform genetic background. Evaluation demonstrated that distinct promoter haplotypes function as different alleles that can be used to modulate the levels of β‐carotene in tomato.
Electrical, rheological, and mechanical properties copolymer/carbon black composites
Authors: Alves Amanda M. , Cavalcanti Shirley N. , da Silva Moacy P. , Freitas Daniel M. G. , Agrawal Pankaj , de Mélo Tomás J. A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThis work aims to evaluate the electrical conductivity and the rheological and mechanical properties of copolymer/carbon black (CB) conductive polymer composites (CPCs). The copolymers, containing ethylene groups in their structure, used as matrix were polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PEgMA), ethylene‐methyl acrylate–glycidyl methacrylate (EMA‐GMA), and ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA). For comparison purposes, bio‐based polyethylene (BioPE)/CB composites were also studied. The electrical conductivity results showed that the electrical percolation threshold of BioPE/CB composite was 0.36 volume fraction of CB, whereas the rheological percolation threshold was 0.25 volume fraction of CB. The most conductive CPC was BioPE/CB. Among the copolymer/CB CPCs, PEgMA/CB showed the highest conductivity, which can be attributed to the fact that the PEgMA copolymer had higher crystallinity. It also has a higher amount of ethylene groups in its structure. Torque rheometry analysis indicated that EMA‐GMA copolymer may have reacted with CB. Rheological measurements under oscillatory shear flow indicated the formation of a percolated network in BioPE/CB and copolymer/CB composites. Morphology analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated the formation of a percolated network structure in BioPE/CB composite and finely dispersed CB particles within the PEgMA copolymer. Wetting of CB particles/agglomerates by the copolymer matrix was observed in EVA/CB and EMA‐GMA/CB composites. Conductive CB acted as reinforcing filler as it increased the elastic modulus and tensile strength of BioPE and the copolymers.
The Colors of Quail Science
Authors: Hernández Fidel 
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACTHumans engage in 2 modes of thinking: an associative mode and a reasoning mode. Institutions and scientific education primarily have focused on reasoning, even though the associative mode is linked to creativity and has been actively nurtured and used by influential scientists. The inattentiveness by scientific institutions toward associative thinking is such that it has been called the forgotten half of scientific thinking, and few opportunities exist for its professional exercising. I was fortunate to have been granted such an opportunity through an invitation to speak at a symposium honoring the retirement of a noted quail scientist. The symposium directive was simple: complete intellectual freedom to explore any quail topic as long as it was grounded in science. These were ideal and welcomed conditions for engaging in associative thought and nurturing dual thinking—that is, thinking engaging both association and reasoning. Here I provide my scientific reflections. The general themes range from psychology to chaos to dialectical philosophy. Although the topics may seem far removed from quail, I highlight their potential relevancy. I offer these reflections in the spirit of stimulating scientific curiosity in the natural world, as an encouragement to push the boundaries of quail science, and, ultimately, with the hope of encouraging further opportunities for dual thinking in science. © 2021 The Wildlife Society.
New Crystal Structures of Rare‐Earth Metal(III) Oxotellurates(IV) RE2Te3O9: A1‐Type (RE=La, Ce) and A2‐Type (RE=Pr, Nd)
Authors: Chou Sheng‐Chun , Höss Patrick , Russ Philip L. , Strobel Sabine , Schleid Thomas 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe new rare‐earth metal(III) oxotellurates(IV) RE2Te3O9 (RE=La−Nd) of the so far unknown A‐type structure can be obtained as needle‐shaped single crystals through solid‐state reactions of the corresponding binary oxides. Their crystal structures were determined as A1‐type for RE=La and Ce or A2‐type for RE=Pr and Nd by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Both structure types crystallize in the monoclinic crystal system, but in two different non‐centrosymmetric space groups: the A1‐type with Z=8 in space group P21 (La2Te3O9: a=569.54(3), b=2230.12(13), c=1464.71(4) pm, β=101.205(3)°; Ce2Te3O9: a=567.02(3), b=2222.61(13), c=1457.13(9) pm, β=101.134(3)°) or the A2‐type with Z=16 in space group Cc (Pr2Te3O9: a=2838.61(16), b=563.89(3), c=2522.08(15) pm, β=118.816(3)°; Nd2Te3O9: a=2826.38(16), b=561.47(3), c=2511.94(15) pm, β=118.841(3)°). In spite of the differences in the unit‐cell parameters and the symmetry, both structures consist of quite similar fundamental building blocks (FBBs) consisting of eight crystallographically distinct rare‐earth metal‐oxygen polyhedra with C.N.(RE3+) from seven to nine and always twelve different ψ1‐tetrahedral oxotellurate(IV) anions [TeO3]2−, which show a high number of secondary bonding interactions (SBIs) with each other in all four cases.
Synthesis and structure of a new fluorescent sensor based on Ba(II)‐multicarboxylate for detection of Cu2+ ion
Authors: Ma Kui‐Rong , Yin Jing‐Zhou , Kan Yu‐He 
Published: February 2021

AbstractA novel barium(II) coordination polymer (CP), [Ba3(L)2(H2O)4]n 1, has been firstly isolated based on organic ligand 1‐[(2′‐carboxybiphenyl‐4‐yl)methyl]‐2‐propylimidazole‐4,5‐dicarboxylic acid (H3L=(HO2C)2(C3N2)(C3H7)CH2(C6H4)(C6H3)CO2H) by hydrothermal technique, and determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffractions, elemental analysis, IR, powder X‐ray diffractions (PXRD). The Ba(II)‐CP 1 belongs to a novel 2‐D layer structure created from 1‐D serrated chain containing secondary building unit (SBU) [Ba(1)Ba(2)Ba(3)] via carboxylate group linkage. In 1, the ligand L3− gives a variety of coordinated styles, nonadentate: μ2:(η1η1), μ2:(η1η1), μ3:(η2η2) and decadentate: μ1:(η1η1), μ3:(η2η2), μ3:(η1η2), μ3:(η1η2), which is the first reported example. Moreover, the room‐temperature fluorescent measurements show that the Ba(II)‐CP 1 has specific ability to recognize copper(II) ion in aqueous solution by means of fluorescence quenching effect, corresponding obtained quenching constant Ksv=1.18×102 M−1 and the limit of detection LOD=0.274 μM. Fluorescence titration experiment reveals that there is a good linear relationship between copper ion concentration and fluorescence intensity in the concentration range of 2.0×10−6∼5.3×10−6 mol ⋅ L−1. The corresponding linear equation: y=402.41897–0.70486x, and linear correlation coefficient: R2=0.99866 (λex=310 nm and λem=412 nm).
Risk Management
Authors: Vives Joaquim , Amposta Judit 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe live in a world of uncertainty. Moving forward in this context would be much easier if we could manage to identify, analyse, mitigate, and ultimately accept the most relevant threats, with a deep understanding of the actual significance of such risk(s). Remarkably, this strategy can be applied to any field of interest, from daily life to economics or medicine. Indeed, current quality standards in cellular therapy have already incorporated risk-based management in their guidelines. In this chapter, we present the concept of risk management as part of a quality management program and discuss by whom, why, how, and when this approach should be applied in order to benefit the production and use of safe and effective cell-based therapies in general and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in particular.
Development of Organizational Quality Management System
Authors: Huynh Phuong , Monteleone Renza 
Published: February 2021

AbstractDevelopment of a comprehensive quality management system (QMS) is often the most challenging and time-consuming exercise for the haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) programme as, at least in the first instance, it often requires a cultural shift in working, especially in the clinical HSCT programme. A QMS will only be successful if there is regular communication between all the staff involved. A variety of group and team meetings should be established in the haematopoietic cell transplant (HSCT) programme to demonstrate integration and ensure that the clinical, collection and laboratory units are all working together to achieve excellent communication, effective common working practices and quality assuring patient care.
Einleitung
Authors: Haus Juliane 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Gefühl von Fremdheit und die Faszination des Unbekannten sind zentraler Quell der Erkenntnis in der ethnographischen Forschung. Meine anfängliche Begegnung mit dem Feld der wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Laborforschung war von eben diesen Gefühlen geprägt. Es war eine Mischung aus Irritation und anerkennender Bewunderung. Diese wurde dadurch ausgelöst, dass es im Vollzug des wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Laborexperiments gelingt, bei einer gleichbleibenden Versuchsanordnung mit ganz unterschiedlichen Versuchspersonen zu ähnlichen quantitativen Ergebnissen zu gelangen. Aus einer qualitativen Forschungsperspektive, die das Interaktionsgeschehen selbst als den Modus der Wirklichkeitskonstruktion betrachtet, war dies faszinierend und befremdlich zugleich. Eben dieses Spannungsverhältnis ‚irritierter Neugierde‘ bildete den zentraler Motor für den Forschungsprozess, dessen Resultat die vorliegende Dissertationsschrift bildet. Um die Struktur der vorliegenden Dissertationsschrift zu skizzieren, wird in dieser Einleitung ein kurzer Überblick über die Zielstellung der einzelnen Kapitel gegeben. Er dient hier nicht zu einer erschöpfenden inhaltlichen Zusammenfassung, sondern der allgemeinen Orientierung über den Verlauf des Argumentationsgangs.
Forschungsfeld experimentelle Wirtschaftswissenschaften
Authors: Haus Juliane 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungExperimente bilden ein klassisches Verfahren der empirischen Sozialforschung. In den unterschiedlichen sozialwissenschaftlichen Disziplinen ist der Einsatz von Experimenten dabei verschiedentlich stark ausgeprägt. In den Wirtschaftswissenschaften und insbesondere im Bereich der Verhaltensökonomie gibt es eine deutliche Affinität für dieses Verfahren der empirischen Forschung. Hier insbesondere in der Form des Laborexperiments. Für die intensive Auseinandersetzung mit dem Phänomen des wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Laborexperiments und seiner Eigengesetzlichkeit ist es hilfreich, sich in einem ersten Schritt mit den allgemeinen methodologischen Grundlagen des Experiments in den Sozialwissenschaften auseinanderzusetzen. Dieser Abschnitt widmet sich deshalb der Einführung zentraler Konzepte und methodologischer Ansprüche des experimentellen Forschungsdesigns, wie beispielsweise der Isolation, Kontrolle und Manipulation hypothesenrelevanter Variablen, dem Parallelgruppenmodell, den Verfahren der Randomisierung und Anonymisierung sowie dem Anspruch einer Kausalitätsanalyse, welche mit dem experimentellen Vorgehen verbundenen wird. Zur besseren Einordnung des Laborexperiments werden im Anschluss die drei (in der quantitativen Forschung) typischen Formen des Experiments – Laborexperiment, Feldexperiment und natürliches Experiment – kurz voneinander abgrenzt. Nach der Darstellung der Grundlagen des experimentellen Forschungsdesigns erfolgt im Kapitel 2.2 eine kurze Einführung in das Feld der experimentellen Wirtschaftsforschung und die feldinternen Begründungen für die Anwendung von experimentellen Datenerhebungsverfahren.
Konzeptionelle Perspektive
Authors: Haus Juliane 
Published: February 2021

ZusammenfassungIm Zuge der Auseinandersetzung mit dem empirischen Phänomen des wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Laborexperiments entwickelte sich im Forschungsprozess eine ganz spezifische konzeptionelle Position heraus. Dieses Kapitel zielt darauf ab, diese Entwicklung transparent zu machen, da sie selbst als ein Ergebnis des Forschungsprozesses betrachtet wird. Die nachfolgenden Abschnitte dienen aus diesem Grund nicht der breiten Darstellung und Einordnung von Theorien, sondern der Charakterisierung von Forschungsperspektiven und ihren konzeptionellen Zugängen zur Erforschung sozialer Wirklichkeit. Die einzelnen Abschnitte des Kapitels widmet sich der Goffmanschen Perspektive (Abschnitt 3.1), der Ethnomethodologie (Abschnitt 3.2), der soziologischen Gattungsanalyse (Abschnitt 3.3) und dem kommunikativen Konstruktivismus (Abschnitt 3.4).
Cubic interaction vertices for massless higher spin supermultiplets in d = 4
Authors: Khabarov M. V. , Zinoviev Yu. M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We construct a range of supersymmetric cubic vertices for three massless higher spin supermultiplets in the four-dimensional space. We use frame-like multispinor formalism, which allows to avoid most of the technical difficulties and provides a uniform description for bosons and fermions. Our work is based on the so-called Fradkin-Vasiliev formalism for construction of the cubic vertices, which requires the non-zero cosmological constant. Thus we first construct the vertices in AdS space and then consider the flat limit. We show that the AdS supersymmetric vertex is a sum of four elementary vertices for supermultiplet components, while one of the vertices vanishes in the flat limit in agreement with the Metsaev’s classification.
Classification of primary constraints of quadratic non-metricity theories of gravity
Authors: D’Ambrosio Fabio , Heisenberg Lavinia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We perform the ADM decomposition of a five-parameter family of quadratic non-metricity theories and study their conjugate momenta. After systematically identifying all possible conditions which can be imposed on the parameters such that different sets of primary constraints arise, we find that the five-parametric theory space can be compartmentalized into nine different sectors, based on the presence or absence of primary constraints. This classification allows to dismiss certain classes of theories as unphysical and invites further investigations into the remaining sectors, which may contain phenomenologically interesting modifications of General Relativity.
A (dummy’s) guide to working with gapped boundaries via (fermion) condensation
Authors: Lou Jiaqi , Shen Ce , Chen Chaoyi , Hung Ling-Yan 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
We study gapped boundaries characterized by “fermionic condensates” in 2+1 d topological order. Mathematically, each of these condensates can be described by a super commutative Frobenius algebra. We systematically obtain the species of excitations at the gapped boundary/junctions, and study their endomorphisms (ability to trap a Majorana fermion) and fusion rules, and generalized the defect Verlinde formula to a twisted version. We illustrate these results with explicit examples. We also connect these results with topological defects in super modular invariant CFTs. To render our discussion self-contained, we provide a pedagogical review of relevant mathematical results, so that physicists without prior experience in tensor category should be able to pick them up and apply them readily.
Characterizations of canonically compactifiable graphs via intrinsic metrics and algebraic properties
Authors: Puchert Simon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe consider infinite graphs and the associated energy forms. We show that a graph is canonically compactifiable (i.e. all functions of finite energy are bounded) if and only if the underlying set is totally bounded with respect to any finite measure intrinsic metric. Furthermore, we show that a graph is canonically compactifiable if and only if the space of functions of finite energy is an algebra. These results answer questions in a recent work of Georgakopoulos, Haeseler, Keller, Lenz, and Wojciechowski.
Ready-to-eat cereal and milk for breakfast compared with no breakfast has a positive acute effect on cognitive function and subjective state in 11–13-year-olds: a school-based, randomised, controlled, parallel groups trial
Authors: Adolphus Katie , Hoyland Alexa , Walton Jenny , Quadt Frits , Lawton Clare L. , Dye Louise 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
We tested the acute effect of breakfast (ready-to-eat-cereal [RTEC] and milk) versus (vs.) no breakfast on cognitive function and subjective state in adolescents.

Methods
Healthy adolescents (n = 234) aged 11–13 years were recruited to take part in this school-based, acute, randomised, controlled, parallel groups trial with two interventions; Breakfast or No Breakfast. The breakfast intervention consisted of ad libitum intake of RTEC (up to 70 g) with milk (up to 300 ml) administered in a naturalistic school breakfast programme environment. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and + 70 and + 215 min post-intervention in a group-testing situation, similar to a school classroom context. The CANTAB test battery included: Simple Reaction Time (SRT), 5-Choice Reaction Time (5-CRT), Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP), and Paired Associates Learning (PAL; primary outcome). Data collection commenced January 2011 and ended May 2011. This trial was retrospectively registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03979027 on 07/06/2019.

Results
A significant effect of the intervention (CMH[1] = 7.29, p < 0.01) was found for the number of levels achieved on the PAL task. A significant difference between interventions was found when baseline performance reached level 2 (JT, z = 2.58, p < 0.01), such that 100% of participants in the breakfast intervention reached the maximum level 4 but only 41.7% of those in the no breakfast intervention reached level 4. A significant baseline*intervention interaction (F[1,202] = 6.95, p < 0.01) was found for total errors made on the PAL task, indicating that participants who made above-average errors at baseline reduced the total number of errors made at subsequent test sessions following breakfast consumption whilst those in the no breakfast intervention did not. There was a positive effect of breakfast on reaction time and visual-sustained attention. The results also demonstrated interactions of intervention with baseline cognitive performance, such that breakfast conferred a greater advantage for performance when baseline performance was poorer.

Conclusion
Consuming breakfast has a positive acute effect on cognition in adolescents.
Distinct amyloid-β and tau-associated microglia profiles in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Gerrits Emma , Brouwer Nieske , Kooistra Susanne M. , Woodbury Maya E. , Vermeiren Yannick , Lambourne Mirjam , Mulder Jan , Kummer Markus , Möller Thomas , Biber Knut , Dunnen Wilfred F. A. den , De Deyn Peter P. , Eggen Bart J. L. , Boddeke Erik W. G. M. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia and is characterized by abnormal extracellular aggregates of amyloid-β and intraneuronal hyperphosphorylated tau tangles and neuropil threads. Microglia, the tissue-resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), are important for CNS homeostasis and implicated in AD pathology. In amyloid mouse models, a phagocytic/activated microglia phenotype has been identified. How increasing levels of amyloid-β and tau pathology affect human microglia transcriptional profiles is unknown. Here, we performed snRNAseq on 482,472 nuclei from non-demented control brains and AD brains containing only amyloid-β plaques or both amyloid-β plaques and tau pathology. Within the microglia population, distinct expression profiles were identified of which two were AD pathology-associated. The phagocytic/activated AD1-microglia population abundance strongly correlated with tissue amyloid-β load and localized to amyloid-β plaques. The AD2-microglia abundance strongly correlated with tissue phospho-tau load and these microglia were more abundant in samples with overt tau pathology. This full characterization of human disease-associated microglia phenotypes provides new insights in the pathophysiological role of microglia in AD and offers new targets for microglia-state-specific therapeutic strategies.
Changes in fatigue, barriers, and predictors towards physical activity in advanced cancer patients over a period of 12 months—a comparative study
Authors: Frikkel J. , Beckmann M. , De Lazzari N. , Götte M. , Kasper S. , Hense J. , Schuler M. , Teufel M. , Tewes M. 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Physical activity (PA) is recommended to improve advanced cancer patients’ (ACP) physical functioning, fatigue, and quality of life. Yet, little is known about ACPs’ attitude towards PA and its influence on fatigue and depressiveness over a longer period. This prospective, non-interventional cohort study examined ACPs’ fatigue, depression, motivation, and barriers towards PA before and after 12 months of treatment among ACP

Methods
Outpatients with incurable cancer receiving treatment at a German Comprehensive Cancer Center reporting moderate/severe weakness/tiredness during self-assessment via MIDOS II were enrolled. Fatigue (FACT-F), depression (PHQ-8), cancer-related parameters, self-assessed PA behavior, motivation for and barriers against PA were evaluated (T0). Follow-up data was acquired after 12 months (T1) using the same questionnaire.

Results
At follow-up, fatigue (p=0.017) and depressiveness (p=0.015) had increased in clinical relevant extent. Physically active ACP did not show significant progress of FACT-F (p=0.836) or PHQ-8 (p=0.799). Patient-reported barriers towards PA remained stable. Logistic regression analyses identified motivation as a positive predictor for PA at both time points (T0, β=2.152, p=0.017; T1, β =2.264, p=0.009). Clinically relevant depression was a negative predictor for PA at T0 and T1 (T0, β=−3.187, p=0.044; T1, β=−3.521, p=0.041).

Conclusion
Our findings emphasize the importance of psychological conditions in physical activity behavior of ACP. Since psychological conditions seem to worsen over time, early integration of treatment is necessary. By combining therapy approaches of cognitive behavioral therapy and exercise in interdisciplinary care programs, the two treatment options might reinforce each other and sustainably improve ACPs’ fatigue, physical functioning, and QoL.

Trial registration
German Register of Clinical Trials, DRKS00012514, registration date: 30.05.2017