bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Agromeliorative methods of cultivation of a new variety of soybeans Volgogradka 2 under irrigation conditions
Authors: Tolokonnikov V V , Novikov A A , Koshkarova T S , Vorontsova E S , Fomin S D 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Volgogradka 2 variety is highly responsive to irrigation water, especially under differentiated irrigation regimes with an average of 3.18-3.23 t/ha compared to the control (2.87 t/ha). In favorable years, it provides grain harvesting up to 3.52 t/ha, in dry years – less (up to 3.28 t/ha). The average crude protein content is high - 39.5…41.6%, especially in 2014 - 40.6…43.9%. The process of fat accumulation is less subject to variability over the years – 14.6…19.5%. Complex-valuable indicators, such as the gross collection of protein, fat and their total output significantly increases in the options of fractional irrigation mode compared to the control – by 5.8-7.3%. Over the years of research, the productivity potential of the new soybean variety Volgogradka 2 has been significantly realized, which contributes to improving water management, increasing productivity, grain quality, and spreading the area under cultivation. Thus, a fundamentally new soybean variety with a complete type of stem growth during the period of mass flowering, a low lodging-resistant stem and high attachment of lower beans, a short growing season was developed using traditional breeding methods, which contributes to a significant increase in the yield and quality of grain in terms of protein content relative to standard varieties VNIIOZ 76 and VNIIOZ 86. The introduction of the new variety will expand soybean crops in the Lower Volga region and increase the production of domestic soybeans.
Petrol engine workflow model for researching unconventional engines
Authors: Khimchenko A V , Mishchenko N I , Kolesnikova T N , Suprun V L , Yurchenko Yu V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The work lies with the study of petrol engines of an unconventional design with improved fuel and economic characteristics developed at the Automobile and Road Institute of Donetsk National Technical University for several decades. It describes the obtained mathematical model of the working process of a petrol piston engine to study the operation of engines. The authors used analytical methods of differential calculus to obtain a mathematical model. They solved the obtained equations using numerical methods and Simulink algorithms. Implementation required the development of a model that has sufficient speed to complete the tasks. The paper presents some modelling results, which makes it possible to judge the correctness of the obtained model. The implemented approach makes it possible to use this model in multi-domain modelling of the engine as a whole. The use of such a model opens up broad prospects for optimizing engine parameters, both its mechanical elements and the parameters of the working process. In addition, it becomes possible to develop and debug a control system for a petrol internal combustion engine using simulation in a Simulink environment.
Mathematical prerequisites for improving the method of sowing crops on sloping lands
Authors: Zhilyakov A L , Kozlov V G , Skuryatin N F , Bulygin N N , Brovchenko A D , Shwarz A A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The technological process of traditional grain production includes some operations: tillage, fertilizing, sowing, crop care, harvesting. Performing the above operations requires many energy-saturated and metal-intensive equipment, repeatedly moving around the field. This negatively affects its structure and, as a result, leads to crop shortages. An effective way to reduce costs in the crop production is to combine several operations in one unit pass such as softening the soil and applying basic fertilizer, preparing the soil and sowing. The article proposes a new method of sowing grain crops, as well as a mathematical justification for the formation of a furrow and the placement of fertilizers and seeds therein to improve the process of sowing grain crops on slopes, namely using a cutting disc creating a furrow in the form of an isosceles triangle instead of a duck-foot sweep that formed a trapezoid in the transverse plane.
Influence of pressure and temperature on the attenuation of ultrasound in the nematic phase of the liquid crystal working medium of technical devices in the vicinity of phase transition point
Authors: Larionov A N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The dependence of the attenuation coefficient of ultrasound in the nematic phase on pressure and temperature, which characterizes the parameters of electronic devices with a liquid-crystal working medium in the vicinity of phase transition point, is studied. Liquid crystals and their mixtures with a wide temperature range of the nematic phase were researched. The analysis is performed taking into account the normal relaxation process associated with conformational transitions of the end chains, and the critical relaxation process due to the nature of this phase transition. The nature of the dependence on the pressure and temperature of the normal, critical and classical components of the attenuation coefficient of ultrasound is established.
Study of physic-chemical and biochemical parameters of technical varieties of grapes
Authors: Cherviak S N , Anikina N S , Gnilomedova N V , Gerzhikova V G , Vesiutova A V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The authors studied introduced (Aligote, Rkatsiteli, White Muscat, Riesling Rhine), indigenous (Kokur white, Sabbat) and classified varieties of grapes of Magarach Institute (first-born Magarach, Citron Magaracha, Muscat aligote), growing in Crimea, according to physicochemical and biochemical indicators. The feature of grape aromatic varieties is the high content of phenolic substances in the must (404–640 mg/l), the activity of monophenol-monooxygenase, macerating ability. Indigenous grape varieties are characterized by a low content of titratable acids. The activity of monophenol-monooxygenase is interconnected with the content of phenolic substances in the must (r = 0.77). The ratio of tartaric and malic acids increases in the series introduced → indigenous → classified varieties. The values of the glucose-fructose index in the samples are 0.84–1.00. The obtained patterns make it possible to regulate the course of redox processes; to optimize the regimes and parameters of grape processing in the production of different types of wines.
Pyrus-dwarf project: interim results
Authors: Dolmatov E A , Khrykin T A , Gaplaev M Sh 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article presents the data based on 17 year-research – PYRUS DWARFT – aimed at developing varieties and complex donors of monogenously determined dwarfism (gene D), high winter hardiness, group-resistance to fungal diseases (Venturia pirina Aderh., Entomosporium maculatum Lev., Septoria piricola Desm.) and the bright red colour of a pear fruit (gene C). Their use in long-term innovative breeding technologies for obtaining pear varieties of the intensive type will allow screening at the early stages of ontogenesis and thereby reduce the number of hybrid families by 2–4 times. A brief description of complex donors is provided in the paper.
Assessment of potato in vitro morphogenesis
Authors: Oves E V , Zhevora S V , Gaitova N A , Boyko N A , Fenina N A , Shishkina O A 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
It was found that genotypes can be divided into three groups: with accelerated, medium and late morphogenesis during the morphological structure formation. The outcomes are based on the in vitro study of the ontogenesis of 35 potato varieties. Intensive regenerative ability is inherent to potato varieties which formed regenerants during 20–25 days. Varieties with medium morphogenesis were regenerated during 30–35 days. Microplants which formed 4–6 internodes during 40 or more days were characterized by late morphogenesis. The data obtained revealed that the maturity group did not affect the in vitro formative process. Assignment of a variety to a specific morphological group allows a differentiated approach to be applied to its maintenance in the genetic collection and its use in the in vitro replication process.
Differentiated threshing of seed corn with minimal grain crushing
Authors: Pastukhov A G , Bakharev D N , Parnikova T V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
To increase the efficiency of the process of seed corn threshing in stationary conditions, an axial-rotor thresher with a pneumoadaptive deck is proposed and constructed, which allows differentiating the threshing forces in the threshing chamber. The index of unthreshed seeds loss on cobs and free grain loss, defined in previous studies, allowed one to establish a rational interval of the rotor speed of the proposed thresher, which is 150 … 170 min-1. The rationality of this interval was checked by the grain-crushing index, which is an indicator of the effective use of the threshing force of the impact. Experimental studies of this indicator were carried out in the range of rational rotor rotation frequencies (150 … 170 min-1), as well as to study the regularity of grain crushing changes, additional studies were carried out at a frequency of 190 min-1. It was found that at rotor speed 170 min-1 grain crushing is 1.4%, and at 190 min-1 it significantly exceeds the permissible value. A mathematical expression is proposed that shows the dependence of the force of the working bodies of the pneumoadaptive deck hitting the grain on the rotor speed, confirming the correctness of choosing a rational interval of the rotor speed. Research results indicate that when the rotor speed does not exceed 170 min-1, the stresses in the grain body under the impact of the working bodies do not reach the maximum permissible value. At the same time, the grain retains its integrity, and the crushing index remains minimal.
On the issue of the advisability of the autumn application of nitrogen fertilizers for winter rye (Secale cereale L.)
Authors: Petrovtseva N A , Pasynkova E N 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThe article presents the results of studying the effect of autumn application of mineral nitrogen fertilizers on winter hardiness of winter rye plants. The relevance of research is due to the search for opportunities to reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment, in particular by minimizing the use of artificial fertilizers. The studies were carried out for three years in the fields of the North-West region of the Russian Federation, on medium-cultivated sod-podzolic loamy soils. Sowings of winter rye were placed on the predecessor, early potatoes, under which organic fertilizers were applied for the main tillage. Experimental plants of winter rye were fed on seedlings with ammonium nitrate; in the control, autumn fertilizing was not used. The experimental results showed that the autumn application of nitrogen fertilizers practically did not affect the percentage of successfully overwintered plants. This allows us to conclude that the autumn use of nitrogen fertilizers for winter rye is inexpedient and that it is possible to abandon their autumn use in order to reduce environmental pollution.
Genealogical lines of breeding mares as biological resources of a thoroughbred horse breed bred in the Stavropol Krai
Authors: Kononova L V , Vasilev E A , Rachkov I G , Plotnikov S N 
Published: February 2021

AbstractTribal horse breeding is one of the priority areas of livestock in the Stavropol Territory. The article provides an analysis of the population of purebred horse breeding mares bred in the leading farms of the Stavropol Territory (OOO “SKHP Svobodnyi trud”, OOO “SKHP Novomarevskoe”, FGUP “Rassvet-Stavropole”). An assessment of the mares of the pedigree core of purebred horse breed showed that their genealogical structure is represented by 12 lines. It should be noted that the 5 lines of Norsen Dancer, Native Dancer, Nazrullah, Fairway and Tern-Tu go back to the same ancestor – the Falaris line, which is 82.6 % of the total number of breeding mares. The data obtained correspond to the general trend that is observed in the global structure of purebred horse breed. An analysis of the genealogical lines of the pedigree nucleus of purebred horse mares in the Stavropol Krai revealed their optimal linear and age structure. A zootechnical assessment showed that according to measurements and indices, the mares of the farms analyzed correspond to the breed standard. The research results can be recommended as educational material for students and undergraduates of universities studying in the areas of preparation of zootechnical profile.
Energy assessment of intensive protective tillage
Authors: Shchirov V V , Nesmiyan A Yu , Khizhnyak V I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The study analyzes the traction resistance of chisel ploughs when working on light clayey chernozems, widespread in the arid southern part of Russia. This study allows concluding that in the theoretical description of the process of deep loosening of the soil, the influence of the square of the working speed of the machine-tractor unit could be neglected. The use of linear dependence not only provided an increase in the convergence of experimental and theoretical studies but also simplified the analysis of the results. So, for example, the use of a linear trim based on the results of experimental studies made it possible to derive the average values of the empirical coefficients for classic arrow-shaped plows: fp=0.4; k
p=15.15 κN/m and εp=6.15 κN·s/m2, and for plows with a pair-block arrangement of working bodies: fp=0.4; kp=21.45 κN/m and εp = 1.61 κN·s/m2. The study found that the use of a pair-block arrangement of working bodies on subsoiler ploughs, in comparison with their arrow-shaped arrangement, helps to reduce the resistivity during chiselling by about 14%. At the same time, the share of energy consumption for useful soil deformation increases to values of more than 80%, while for classic subsoiler ploughs this figure is about 50%.
Analysis of a transformer converter of the number of phases with symmetric elements on the low side of the transformer
Authors: Vasilev N V , Kosoukhov F D , Ruzhev V A , Krishtopa N Yu , Boroshnin A L 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The analysis of a transformer converter of the number of phases TCNP-2 with balancing elements on the low side of a step-down transformer is given. The purpose and objectives of the analysis of PFHF-2 are formulated. In the analysis of TCNP-2, 15 equations were compiled in a complex form, as a result of which three main equations were obtained for complex currents at the input of TCNP-2. Having decomposed the obtained system of equations into symmetrical components of the currents of the forward, reverse, and zero sequences, we determined the resistance and capacitances of the balancing capacitors. Thus, the dependences of the capacitor parameters on the current and power factor of a single-phase load are established. Having solved the system of equations of three currents TCNP-2, we determined the dependences of the currents and voltages of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer and the balancing elements on the load current. The dependences of the capacities of the transformer and phase-converting elements on the power of a three-phase load are also determined. The authors developed and built on a complex plane a vector diagram of voltages and currents TCNP-2, with the help of which a method for phase converting a single-phase current to a three-phase one for a two-wire power transmission system is disclosed.
Fuel system reliability of gas tank tractors
Authors: Keruchenko L S , Zakharov S V , Maltseva E I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The article is devoted to the analysis of works on the use of alternative fuels. Reliability indicators of the elements of the compressed natural gas and diesel fuel supply system have been studied to substantiate the maintenance system. On the basis of statistical observations, the performance indicators of intensity of the event flow λ and probability of failure are obtained. It is shown that the elements of the gas and fuel supply system have high reliability. At the same time, the fuel supply system elements have slightly lower reliability than when a diesel engine is running on pure diesel fuel. It is recommended to maintain the dual-fuel gas-supply system of the diesel engine according to the regulations used for engines running on mineral fuel with additional control of the gas-supply system elements.
Structural Models of Road Landscapes and Microlandscapes
Authors: Zelikov V A , Skrypnikov A V , Kozlov V G , Samtsov V V , Tikhomirov P V , Borovlev A O 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In this paper we examined the developed structural models of the road landscape and the road micro-landscape, which allows taking into account all the necessary conditions for road construction in local territories. In local areas, the complexity of road construction depends on the general characteristics inherent in a given landscape, of which the micro landscape under consideration is a component. For a comprehensive assessment of the conditions of road construction in local territories, a structural model of the road micro landscape is proposed, which is based on the landscape model. The developed structural models of the road landscape and the road micro-landscape reflect the influence of natural and techno genic factors, the value of land and other factors to determine the complexity of the construction of forest roads. Factors are defined and formulas are presented to take into account the features of the relief, climate, physical and geographical processes and phenomena, surface and groundwater, soil, vegetation, human activities when determining the cost of the construction of a forest road. The structural model of the micro landscape allows a comprehensive assessment of local territories in the survey area, to determine micro landscapes in which the complexity of road construction and the value of the territories will have minimal indicators. A correlation analysis was also carried out, which made it possible to establish the most important characteristics of the components of the geographical environment, which affect the complexity of the construction of a forest road for the main types of costs.
Comparative evaluation of flow-through and counter-flow indirect-evaporative air coolers and their influence on the heat balance of transformer underground substations
Authors: Gulevsky V A , Shatskiy V P , Osipov E N 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In order to optimize the air environment temperature of the underground engineering equipment premises, it is necessary to conduct a comparative assessment of the operation of flow-through and counter-flow indirect-evaporative air coolers. Based on the previous mathematical models that describe the thermophysical processes in the channels of indirect evaporative coolers, an analysis of the structural and standard parameters of their operation is carried out. The most rational ratios of flows through the “wet” and “dry channels” are revealed and they ensure the maximum station cooling capacity. The transformer substation of the underground illustrates the effectiveness of their use. According to a result of the studies, it has been proved that the most rational ratio of air flows through wet and dry channels for flow-through indirect-evaporative coolers is 2.1-2.2, for counter-flow heat exchangers it is 3.0. The advantage of recuperation coolers is established by such indicators as: cooling capacity - 53.5%, air cooling range - 41%.
The quality of pasta products made from various kinds of flour
Authors: Zavalishina O M , Kuznetsova T A , Korneeva A V 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
In Russia, pasta is one of the most common food products, the demand for which has remained stable for many decades. The average consumption of these products is 7 kg / year per person. The raw material for the production of pasta in our country is mainly macaroni semolina which is obtained from soft high-glassy wheat varieties. The main disadvantages of soft wheat pasta are its low nutritional value and high caloric value. In recent years, vitaminized pasta has been becoming increasingly common, but of immediate relevance is the development of production technologies using unconventional raw materials and additives, with the help of which it is possible to increase the content of vitamins, macro- and microelements and other biologically valuable substances in a product and ensure the stability of product quality at the same time. A comparative evaluation of the quality of pasta manufactured by OJSC “Altai Macaroni” under various trade marks (TM): spiral, “Pasta Veneta” TM, group A, premium; spiral, “Almak” TM, group B, premium; spiral, “Product For Health” TM, group B, with the addition of buckwheat flour, premium; spiral, «Product For Health” TM, group B, with the addition of soy flour, premium has been undertaken. Organoleptic, physico-chemical indicators of product quality as well as its consumer characteristics have been taken as evaluation criteria.
The architecture of the vine bush and the phytoclimate of the vineyard
Authors: Karayev M K , Mustafaev G M , Sapukova A Ch , Magomedova A A , Mursalov S M 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The results of studying the phytoclimate of a vineyard depending on the architecture of the bush are shown. The architecture of grape bushes is estimated depending on the system of maintaining and forming the bushes. The influence of the shape of the bush and the method of maintaining growth on the daily course of the radiation regime and temperature both inside the crown and on the aisles of the vineyard is shown. It has been established that with semi-covering formations with free annual growth, the volume of the crown increases, which leads to improved illumination of the crown, contributes to a better phytoclimate inside the crown.
Clarification of sunflower oil with nanocarbon sorbent and analysis of product quality indicators
Authors: Kleymenova N L , Bolgova I N , Kopylov M V , Nazina L I 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The concept of Industrie 4.0 involves the introduction of innovative industrial technologies. Sunflower oil is the most common vegetable oil in Russia. Improvement of sunflower oil quality is required taking into account changes in the domestic and foreign markets of Russia. The process of oil clarification with nanocarbon structures is proposed in the article. The influence of fullerene-containing sorbent on the efficiency of sunflower oil clarification process was investigated in the work. The mathematical model of the process is developed with the complete factorial experiment. Colour, acid number, mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances were taken as quality indicators. Variable indicators were the amount of fullerene-containing sorbent, the particle size of the fullerene-containing sorbent and the clarification process temperature. Series of experiments were carried out. According to them the values of color and acid numbers, mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances of the oil were obtained. The indicators obtained were compared with the oil indicators after the traditional clarification method. According to the built mathematical models graphs, a comprehensive quality indicator was determined as well as the optimal values of the conditions for the clarification process. It was found out that the use of fullerene-containing carbon as a sorbent for sunflower oil clarification improves the acid number by 80%, the mass fraction of moisture and volatile substances – by 74%, and the color index – twice. Thus, the use of fullerene-containing carbon as an adsorbent makes it possible to obtain world-class sunflower oil.