bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reframing leadership: Leader identity challenges of the emergency physician
Authors: Wong Lee Yung , Wilson Samuel , Rixon Andrew , Sendjaya Sen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEmergency medicine (EM) leadership is often conceptualised as either administrative leadership within the structure (e.g. head‐of‐committee leader) or operational/functional leadership within a group (e.g. resuscitation‐scenario team leader). While these bases of identity are practically useful, they often do not take into account the intricate, underlying challenges to one's leader identity presented by the dynamic, fluid and transient context of EM leadership. In particular, emergency physicians face various leader identity challenges such as nonreciprocal leadership claims and grants at the interpersonal level, identity confusion with multiple roles at the intrapersonal level, tribalism at the team level and antithesis of identity workspace at the organisational level. The present paper proposes a reframing of EM leadership as a socially constructed identity process, whereby emergent leaders learn at the individual level to address identity challenges as they negotiate the nuances of leader–follower interactions. Similarly, at an organisational level, there is an opportunity for formal and emergent leaders to create psychologically safe identity workspaces. The co‐creation of EM leadership by leaders and followers would help emergent leaders navigate their leader identity, allowing them to simultaneously inspire confidence and exert influence as future‐fit health professionals and leaders.
Novel angular naphthopyrone formation by Arp1p dehydratase involved in Aspergillus fumigatus melanin biosynthesis
Authors: Nambu Natsuki , Tsai Huei‐Fung , Chang Yun C. , Kwon‐Chung K. J. , Yoshida Tomoki , Tanaka Nobutada , Tomoda Hiroshi , Ebizuka Yutaka , Fujii Isao 
Published: October 2021

SummaryConidial pigment is an important virulence factor in Aspergillus fumigatus, a human fungal pathogen. The biosynthetic gene cluster for 1,8‐dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)‐melanin in A. fumigatus consists of six genes, alb1, ayg1, arp1, arp2, abr1 and abr2. In contrast to black DHN‐melanin fungi such as Magnaporthe grisea, the polyketide synthase Alb1p in A. fumigatus produces naphthopyrone YWA1 instead of 1,3,6,8‐THN (T4HN) and YWA1 is converted to T4HN by Ayg1p. The yeast transformant expressing Alb1p and Arp1p dehydratase produced an unknown compound which was identified to be a novel angular naphthopyrone named YWA3 formed from YWA1. In addition, the amount of YWA3 produced was much more than that of YWA2 formed by non‐enzymatic dehydration from YWA1. To further analyse the reaction in vitro, Arp1p was overexpressed in E. coli and purified. Kinetic analysis revealed Km value of Arp1p for YWA1 to be 41 μM which is comparable with that of Ayg1p for YWA1 in conversion to T4HN. The complex structure modelling well explained the mechanism of YWA3 generation by the dehydration of angular YWA1 by Arp1p. These results indicated the possibility that polymerization of angular naphthopyrone YWA3 but not YWA2 could be involved in the characteristic bluish‐green conidial pigmentation of A. fumigatus.
Invasions of ecological communities: Hints of impacts in the invader's growth rate
Authors: Arnoldi Jean‐François , Barbier Matthieu , Kelly Ruth , Barabás György , Jackson Andrew L. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Theory in ecology and evolution often relies on the analysis of invasion processes, and general approaches exist to understand the early stages of an invasion. However, predicting the long‐term transformations of communities following an invasion remains a challenging endeavour.

We propose a general analytical method that uses both resident community and invader dynamical features to predict whether an invasion causes large long‐term impacts on the invaded community.

This approach reveals a direction in which classic invasion analysis, based on initial invasion growth rate, can be extended. Indeed, we explain how the density dependence of invasion growth, if properly defined, synthetically encodes the long‐term biotic transformations caused by an invasion, and therefore predicts its ultimate outcome. This approach further clarifies how the density dependence of the invasion growth rate is as much a property of the invading population as it is one of the invaded community.

Our theory applies to any stable community model, and directs us towards new questions that may enrich the toolset of invasion analysis, and suggests that indirect interactions and dynamical stability are key determinants of invasion outcomes.
In vivo antidiabetic activity of nimesulide due to inhibition of amino acid transport
Authors: Joharapurkar Amit , Kshirsagar Samadhan , Patel Vishal , Patel Maulik , Savsani Hardikkumar , Jain Mukul 
Published: October 2021

AbstractInhibiting the intestinal and renal neutral amino acid transporter B0AT1 by genetic means has improved insulin sensitivity in mice, but there are no antagonists available for preclinical or clinical use. Since the anti‐inflammatory agent nimesulide selectively inhibited B0AT1 in vitro, we hypothesized that nimesulide exhibits in vivo potential to restrict neutral amino acid absorption and, therefore, may improve insulin sensitivity. The dose‐related effect of nimesulide (10 to 100 mg/kg, PO) on intestinal absorption of neutral amino acids was estimated in C57 mice. The effect of nimesulide (50 mg/kg, PO) on renal resorption of amino acids was also assessed. The effect of chronic nimesulide (50 mg/kg, PO, BID for 14 days) was assessed in high protein diet‐fed C57 mice, diet‐induced obese mice and obese and diabetic db/db mice. Acute and chronic nimesulide treatment decreased absorption of neutral amino acids and increased their urinary excretion. Nimesulide treatment improved insulin sensitivity and glycemic control, increased GLP‐1, decreased liver lipids and improved FGF‐21 in serum. Nimesulide improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance by inhibiting neutral amino acid transport in the intestine and kidneys. Thus, it can serve as a tool compound for in vivo B0AT1 inhibition.
The wider perspective: twenty years of clinical trials in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Duetz Carolien , Cucchi David G. J. , Polak Tobias B. , Janssen Jeroen J. W. M. , Ossenkoppele Gert J. , Estey Elihu H. , van de Loosdrecht Arjan A. 
Published: October 2021

SummaryMost patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) require therapeutic intervention. However, there are few approved treatments for MDS. To explore reasons, we searched clinicaltrials.gov and clinicaltrialsregister.eu for MDS trials from 2000 to 2020. We assessed which agents were under investigation and analysed clinical trial characteristics and continuation rates from phase I to II to III to approval. As such, we identified 384 unique agents in 426 phase I, 430 phase II and 48 phase III trials. Success rates for phase III trials and agents were low, and MDS trials took markedly longer to complete than the average clinical trial. Although success rates were higher when MDS‐specific phase I trials were conducted, 52% of the agents had not been evaluated in a phase I trial for MDS. MDS trials often failed to include quality of life, an especially important outcome for older MDS patients. Our work identifies factors potentially contributing to the paucity of available agents for MDS. We suggest a framework to improve clinical research in MDS that might ultimately augment the number of available agents.
Intellectual disability, epilepsy and bone health: Quality improvement in a specialist epilepsy service
Authors: Watkins Lance , Isaac Andrew , Hanson Christine , Hammett Joanne , Wickens Ashlyn 
Published: October 2021

Accessibility summary
People with an intellectual disability and epilepsy may suffer with weaker bones as they grow older.
There are many reasons for this, including seizures and the medicines used to treat seizures.
Taking vitamin D everyday will help stop this happening.
Vitamin D comes in many forms including tablets and liquid.
Vitamin D is safe with very few side effects.

AbstractBackgroundPeople with epilepsy and intellectual disability should be considered at high risk of developing metabolic bone disease. Risk is increased with number of comorbidities and polypharmacy, particularly anti‐seizure medications. One way of improving bone health is to ensure that every one has adequate levels of vitamin D through supplementation.MethodsThis audit phase of a wider quality improvement (QI) project monitors the implementation of a Bone Health Project (BHP) for people with epilepsy and intellectual disability. Key Clinical Standard 1 of the BHP aims to ensure that where appropriate everyone prescribed anti‐seizure medication is offered vitamin D supplementation. This audit standard is based upon the Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition Guidance. The complete audit cycle was undertaken for the entire patient cohort under the care of a specialist epilepsy service and followed QI methodology.FindingsFrom the initial audit, the total number of patients prescribed vitamin D supplementation increased significantly from 95 (29%) to 182 (79%) by the end of the cycle. For those prescribed enzyme‐inducing anti‐seizure medications, the number of patients prescribed vitamin D supplementation increased significantly from 52 (49%) to 89 (90%).ConclusionsWorking collaboratively with people with intellectual disability and epilepsy can enhance engagement. Vitamin D supplementation at 800IU has been established as safe and largely efficient in ensuring most people have adequate levels of serum vitamin D. There will be people who require vitamin D replacement therapy, and this requires further intervention including monitoring of bone profiles and referral to other specialists.
The benefits of life stories to trauma research: Child disaster studies through ecological‐developmental lenses
Authors: Taube Dayan Shira 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe increasing proliferation of psychological child disaster studies also reflects limitations in trauma research. This article defines four ecological‐developmental (ED) lenses (Person, Context, Time, Process) for mapping lacunas in child disaster studies and illustrating the benefits of qualitative life stories, using two case studies from different circumstances. The article reveals an overall narrow and non‐integrative ED focus among child disaster studies and an in‐depth and wide‐ranging ED focus provided by life stories. It also presents the unique outcomes of the stories in the form of Trajectories intertwining with Life. The new outcomes can offer broader contributions to trauma research.
Chronic lung allograft dysfunction subtype analysis by computed tomography volumetry
Authors: Peräkylä Laura H. , Raivio Peter M. , Kesävuori Risto I. , Piilonen Anneli K. , Stark Christoffer K. , Halme Maija K. , Nykänen Antti I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) limits long‐term survival after lung transplantation. Of the two subtypes, restrictive allograft syndrome (RAS) is characterized by a larger lung volume decrease and worse prognosis than bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). We used computed tomography (CT) volumetry to classify CLAD subtypes and determined their clinical impact.MethodsAdult primary lung transplants performed 2003–2015 (n = 167) were retrospectively evaluated for CLAD and subclassified with CT volumetry. Lung volume decrease of < 15% from baseline resulted in BOSCT‐vol and ≥15% resulted in RASCT‐vol diagnosis. Clinical impact of CLAD subtypes was defined, and the prognostic value of different lung function, radiological, and lung volume parameters present at the time of CLAD diagnosis were compared.ResultsCLAD affected 43% of patients and was classified with CT volumetry as BOSCT‐vol in 89% and RASCT‐vol in 11%. Median graft survival estimate in RASCT‐vol was significantly decreased compared to BOSCT‐vol (1.6 vs. 9.7 years, P = .038). At CLAD onset, RASCT‐vol diagnosis (P = .05), increased lung density (P = .007), and more severe FEV1 (P = .004) decline from baseline, increased graft loss risk in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsCT volumetry serves to identify lung transplant patients with a poor clinical outcome but should be validated in prospective trials.
Obligations of feeling
Authors: Attie‐Picker Mario 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMoral obligation, according to one influential conception, is distinct among other moral concepts in at least two respects. First, obligation is linked with demands. If I am obligated to you to do X, then you can demand that I do X. Second, obligation is linked with blame and the rest of our accountability practices. If I am obligated to you to do X, failure to do so is blameworthy and you may hold me accountable for it. The puzzle is the following: when it comes to our attitudes, in particular to our emotional responses, these two components seem to come apart. We do not appear to demand that others feel a given emotion. And yet, we do blame others (and ourselves) for feeling them. The challenge I take on in this paper is to sort out the moral status of emotions given these facts.
Burden of primary influenza and respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in hospitalised adults: insights from a 2‐year multi‐centre cohort study (2017–2018)
Authors: Boattini Matteo , Charrier Lorena , Almeida André , Christaki Eirini , Moreira Marques Torcato , Tosatto Valentina , Bianco Gabriele , Iannaccone Marco , Tsiolakkis Georgios , Karagiannis Christos , Maikanti Panagiota , Cruz Lourenço , Antão Diogo , Moreira Maria Inês , Cavallo Rossana , Costa Cristina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundViral community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a potentially serious illness, particularly in adult patients with underlying chronic conditions. In addition to the most recent SARS‐CoV‐2, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are considered the most relevant causes of viral CAP.AimsTo describe the clinical features of hospitalised adults admitted for influenza‐A/B and RSV pneumonia and analyse, according to aetiology, factors associated with non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) failure and in‐hospital death (IHD).MethodsThis was a retrospective and multi‐centre study of all adults who were admitted for laboratory‐confirmed influenza‐A/B or RSV pneumonia, during two consecutive winter seasons (October–April 2017–2018 and 2018–2019) in three tertiary hospitals in Portugal, Italy and Cyprus.ResultsA total of 356 adults were included in the study. Influenza‐A, influenza‐B and RSV were deemed to cause pneumonia in 197 (55.3%), 85 (23.9%) and 74 (20.8%) patients, respectively. Patients with both obstructive sleep apnoea or obesity hypoventilation syndrome and influenza‐A virus pneumonia showed a higher risk for NIV failure (odds ratio (OR) 4.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42–15.30). Patients submitted to NIV showed a higher risk for IHD, regardless of comorbidities (influenza‐A OR 3.00; 95% CI 1.35–6.65, influenza‐B OR 4.52; 95% CI 1.13–18.01, RSV OR 5.61; 95% CI 1.26–24.93).ConclusionThe increased knowledge of influenza‐A/B and RSV pneumonia burden may contribute to a better management of patients with viral CAP.
Early detection of microcomedones induced by cocoa butter using reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Baek Ji Hwoon , Ahn Hye‐Jin , Koh Jae Sook , Kwon Hyoeun , Shin Min Kyung 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundMany ingredients used in cosmetics evoke a comedogenic response. The concept of ‘‘acne cosmetica’’ was developed to link the use of certain ingredients to comedone formation. Various clinical research methods have been suggested for the effective screening of an ingredient that can worsen acne or acneiform eruption and confirm its clinical relevance as to whether it is used as a non‐comedogenic claim. Although comedogenicity assessment has not yet been established, attempts have been made to evaluate the comedogenicity of cosmetic ingredients and find the most appropriate method to evaluate comedogenicity in human skin.Materials and methodsTotal 6 participants were included in the study. Each participant received patches on the upper back containing cocoa butter. We used reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) to count the number of microcomedones and follicles induced by cocoa butter.ResultsThe mean value change of microcomedone/follicle by the comedogenic substance was significantly higher than that of the non‐applied site for 2 weeks (p = 0.0419). The mean value changes of the microcomedone diameter caused by the comedogenic substance were significantly larger than those found at the non‐applied site at 2 and 4 weeks (p = 0.0026 and p = 0.0038, respectively).ConclusionsWe recommend RCM as a non‐invasive real‐time method that is useful for evaluating comedogenicity and early detection of a microcomedone.
Is fundoplication mandatory in children with neurological impairment undergoing gastrostomy?
Authors: Dreznik Yael , Baazov Artur , Dvir Nadav , Seguier‐Lipszyc Emmanuelle , Zevit Noam , Nica Adrianna , Samuk Inbal , Shamir Raanan , Dlugi Elena , Freud Enrique , Kravarusic Dragan 
Published: October 2021

AimPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and surgical gastrostomy (SG) are common procedures in children with neurological impairment (NI) with swallowing difficulties. Pulmonary aspirations are a major concern and performing concomitant or delayed fundoplication is still controversial, especially among these patients. The aim of our study was to review our experience with fundoplication performed concomitantly with gastrostomy or later and to evaluate patient outcomes.MethodsThis is a retrospective, cohort study including all paediatric patients who underwent SG or PEG with or without Nissen fundoplication at Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel between the years 2007 and 2018. Patients' clinical and surgical data were recorded and analysed.ResultsBetween 2007 and 2018, 345 patients underwent SG or PEG. Of these, 89 patients underwent fundoplication. Of the patients who underwent PEG/SG, 158 (45.8%) were neurologically impaired. Most of the patients who underwent fundoplication (n = 69, 77.5%) were NI patients (P = 0.0001). NI patients with refractory seizures showed almost no improvement in terms of relief of gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease symptoms following fundoplication (P = 0.0001) compared to NI patients without refractory seizures.ConclusionOur findings suggest that in NI patients a concomitant fundoplication is not mandatory and is not efficacious in preventing gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease in patients with refractory seizures.
Private citizens, stakeholder groups, or governments? Perceived legitimacy and participation in water collaborative governance
Authors: Hui Iris , Smith Gemma 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCollaborative governance (CG), involving partnership between governmental and non‐governmental actors, has emerged as an alternative to traditional government (TG). While CG may be seen as a strategy for increasing legitimacy, we know little about how the public evaluates inclusion of private citizens and stakeholder groups in decision‐making processes. Following the methodology of Cain et al. in their 2020 study of transportation and drawing on legitimacy theory, we develop a series of “components” of legitimacy. We then use these to test how respondents perceive the legitimacy of different institutional arrangements through a survey experiment on a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Our results reveal that regardless of board function, respondents perceived CG as more legitimate than TG. Among different types of CG, they prefer the inclusion of private citizens over stakeholder groups, adding empirical data to theoretical debate over how and under what conditions CG may increase the legitimacy of public governance.
Taking bell hooks on zoom: Embodying feminist pedagogy in a graduate theological classroom
Authors: Dhala Mahjabeen , Johnson Sheryl 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhat does feminist pedagogy look like online? Is it even possible? This article describes intentionally incorporated many aspects of embodied feminist pedagogy into the Women's Studies in Religion online learning community during the semester when the seminar was taught online due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This essay shares techniques for and trials and triumphs in taking specific aspects of bell hooks's engaged critical pedagogy to an online classroom format. The authors assert that, despite the absence of physical bodies and a physical classroom, such feminist pedagogies can apply to and thrive in an online graduate theological classroom.
Remote liver injury following acute renal ischaemia–reperfusion: involvement of circulating exosomal miR‐687 and regulation by thymoquinone
Authors: Ashour Hend , Rashed Laila , Elkordy Miran Atif , Abdelwahed Omaima Mohammed 
Published: October 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
What is the role of circulating exosomal miR‐687 in remote hepatic injury following renal ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) and does thymoquinone have a modulatory impact?

What is the main finding and its importance?
Exosomal miR‐687 was expressed in renal IRI, entered the circulation and was deposited in the liver. Liver exosomal miR‐687 was correlated with liver inflammation and apoptosis. Thymoquinone aborted the renal production of exosomal miR‐687 and its further circulation to the liver.

AbstractThe pathophysiology of remote hepatic injury following acute renal ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is of particular clinical interest. Secreted small non‐coding microRNA (miRs) are thought to exist in exosome‐encapsulated form. Thymoquinone (TQ) is the main bioactive ingredient of Nigella sativa and has several renoprotective actions. We expected exosomal miR‐687 to be relevant as it could act as a humoral mediator, with possible modulation by TQ. Thirty adult male Wister albino rats were assigned to three groups (n = 10); (1) sham‐operated, (2) renal ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), and (3) renal IRI pre‐treated with TQ 10 mg/kg/day i.v. (TQ‐IRI) for 10 days in addition to a dose administered at reperfusion onset. Following 24 h of reperfusion, the IRI group showed renal tissue hypoxia‐inducible factor upregulation (P < 0.001). Electron microscopy images of exosomes and analysis of miR‐687 revealed elevated levels, which appeared in the circulation. Large amounts of exosomal miR‐687 were transmitted to the liver tissue. In the IRI group, liver transaminases (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase) were markedly (P < 0.001) elevated. The hepatic tissue inflammatory markers (vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, myeloperoxidase, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 and nuclear factor‐κB) were upregulated (P < 0.001) accompanied with elevated caspase‐3. TQ suppressed (P < 0.001) the renal expression and release of exosomal miR‐687 into the circulation and its further deposition in the liver tissue; consequently, TQ diminished (P < 0.001) liver tissue inflammation and cellular apoptosis. The results were confirmed by histological tissue assessment. In conclusion, exosomal miR‐687 liberated from injured renal tissues into the circulation may be an important factor in inducing remote hepatic injury. Exosomal miR‐687 inhibition by TQ protected both renal and hepatic tissues from injury.