bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Orbital Decay of Short-period Exoplanets via Tidal Resonance Locking
Authors: Ma Linhao , Fuller Jim 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
A large fraction of known exoplanets have short orbital periods where tidal excitation of gravity waves within the host star causes the planets’ orbits to decay. We study the effects of tidal resonance locking, in which the planet locks into resonance with a tidally excited stellar gravity mode. Because a star’s gravity mode frequencies typically increase as the star evolves, the planet’s orbital frequency increases in lockstep, potentially causing much faster orbital decay than predicted by other tidal theories. Due to nonlinear mode damping, resonance locking in Sun-like stars likely only operates for low-mass planets (M ≲ 0.1 M
Jup), but in stars with convective cores it can likely operate for all planetary masses. The orbital decay timescale with resonance locking is typically comparable to the star’s main-sequence lifetime, corresponding to a wide range in effective stellar quality factor (103 ≲ Q′ ≲ 109), depending on the planet’s mass and orbital period. We make predictions for several individual systems and examine the orbital evolution resulting from both resonance locking and nonlinear wave dissipation. Our models demonstrate how short-period massive planets can be quickly destroyed by nonlinear mode damping, while short-period low-mass planets can survive, even though they undergo substantial inward tidal migration via resonance locking.
The DUVET Survey: Direct T

e
-based Metallicity Mapping of Metal-enriched Outflows and Metal-poor Inflows in Markarian 1486
Authors: Cameron Alex J. , Fisher Deanne B. , McPherson Daniel , Kacprzak Glenn G. , Berg Danielle A. , Bolatto Alberto , Chisholm John , Herrera-Camus Rodrigo , Nielsen Nikole M. , Reichardt Chu Bronwyn , Rickards Vaught Ryan J. , Sandstrom Karin , Trenti Michele 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We present electron temperature (T

e
) maps for the edge-on system Mrk 1486, affording “direct-method” gas-phase metallicity measurements across 5.″8 (4.1 kpc) along the minor axis and 9.″9 (6.9 kpc) along the major axis. These maps, enabled by strong detections of the [O iii] λ4363 auroral emission line across a large spatial extent of Mrk 1486, reveal a clear negative minor-axis T

e
gradient in which temperature decreases with increasing distance from the disk plane. We find that the lowest metallicity spaxels lie near the extremes of the major axis, while the highest metallicity spaxels lie at large spatial offsets along the minor axis. This is consistent with a picture in which low-metallicity inflows dilute the metallicity at the edges of the major axis of the disk, while star formation drives metal-enriched outflows along the minor axis. We find that the outflow metallicity in Mrk 1486 is 0.20 dex (1.6 times) higher than the average insterstellar medium (ISM) metallicity, and more than 0.80 dex (6.3 times) higher than metal-poor inflowing gas, which we observe to be below 5% Z
⊙. This is the first example of metallicity measurements made simultaneously for inflowing, outflowing, and inner disk ISM gas using consistent T

e
-based methodology. These measurements provide unique insight into how baryon-cycle processes contribute to the assembly of a galaxy like Mrk 1486.
The Effect of Vasopressin during Hysteroscopic Myomectomy in Patients with Submucosal Myoma
Authors: Rouholamin Safoura , Hashemi Maryam , Haghshenas Sara 
Published: August 2021

Background:
The aim was to assess the effect of vasopressin in reducing the time of surgery, amount of bleeding, and fluid deficit during hysteroscopic myomectomy of submucosal myoma from 2016 to 2018.

Materials and methods:
This study was conducted as a prospective, randomized, single-blinded clinical trial on the premenopausal women ranged from 18 to 62 years' old. A number of 80 patients were randomly assigned to each arm of the study according to random consecutive numbers. The control group (n = 40) of patients underwent conventional hysteroscopic myomectomy without vasopressin and the case group (n = 40) underwent hysteroscopic myomectomy with the injection of diluted vasopressin. Measured outcomes were time for myomectomy, fluid deficit, inflow volume, visual clarity, and postoperation hemoglobin level.

Results:
The mean time of myomectomy was 38.1 and 77.38 min in vasopressin and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). The mean inflow volume was 2800 and 4100 in vasopressin and control groups, respectively (P = 0.029). The visual clarity score was 8.5 and 6.5 in the vasopressin and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The injection of vasopressin during hysteroscopic myomectomy is effective in the management of fluid deficit, time of surgery, and improvement of visual clarity.
Comparison between Local Infiltration Analgesia and Ultrasound Guided Single Shot Adductor Canal Block Post Total Knee Replacement Surgery - A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Narayan Priti , Sahitya Vijay A. , Chandrashekaraiah Mahesh M. , Butt Ahsan J. , Johnston Keith A. , Skowronski Sharon 
Published: August 2021

Context:
Good quality analgesia posttotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) contributes majorly to early mobilization and shorter hospital stay.

Aim:
To compare adductor canal block (ACB) versus local infiltration analgesia (LIA) for postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing TKA.

Settings and Design:
This prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled trial was undertaken at a tertiary care university hospital.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Classes I, II, and III, who received spinal anesthesia for TKA were randomly allocated to two groups. Group A patients had LIA of the knee joint using a mixture of 50 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine, 10 mg morphine (1 mL) and 99 mL of normal saline. Group B patients received ACB using 25 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine under ultrasound guidance. All patients received multimodal analgesia comprising of paracetamol, diclofenac, and patient controlled analgesia with morphine in the first 24 h' postoperative period. The primary outcome measures were first 24 h' morphine consumption and pain scores at 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 h. The secondary outcome measures were nausea/vomiting, sedation, and patient satisfaction scores.

Statistical Analysis:
Statistical analysis was performed using the Student's t-test, Mann–Whitney test, and Chi-square test.

Results:
The 24 h morphine consumption was 11.97 ± 7.97 and 10.83 ± 6.41 mg in the LIA group and ACB group, respectively (P = 0.54). No significant differences were noted either in the pain scores at rest and flexion or secondary outcome measures between both groups in the first 24 h.

Conclusion:
Single-shot ACB is equally effective as LIA as postoperative analgesia for TKA.
Role of Dexamethasone on Oxygen Requirement, Mortality, and Survival Incidence among COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Mahajan Lakshmi , Singh Arvinder Pal , Singla Akshita , Singh Gifty 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are often prone to developing systemic inflammation which eventually causes damage to the lungs and other important organs. Randomized open-label control trials carried out in the different parts of the world have highlighted the importance of corticosteroids for treating such patients.

Materials and Methods:
The current quasi-experimental study was based on COVID-19-infected patients with oxygen saturation <92% and evidence of pneumonia confirmed through radiological examination. Study participants in Group A received standard care, while those in Group B received standard care along with 6 mg intravenous dexamethasone for 10 days (or until discharge, if earlier). The clinical status of the study participants was assessed on day 7 and day 14 on a 6-point ordinal scale.

Results:
It was observed from the study that there was reduction in the intensive care unit (ICU) stay and mortality among the study participants requiring high-flow oxygen or noninvasive ventilation in Group B as compared to Group A. After 7 days of treatment, 50% of the study participants in Group B got discharged as compared to 15% of the study participants in Group A. The number of study participants requiring mechanical ventilation remained 1 in Group B as compared to 5 in Group A. After the completion of treatment schedule, 91% study participants were discharged. There was 1 case of mortality reported in Group B as compared to 6 cases of mortality in Group A.

Conclusions:
The current study highlighted that fewer number of COVID-19-positive study participants in Group B required high-flow oxygen supplementation and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation as compared to those included in Group A. The corticosteroid treatment also reduced the number of ICU transfer and mortality.
Comparison of Airway Ultrasound Indices and Clinical Assessment for the Prediction of Difficult Laryngoscopy in Elective Surgical Patients
Authors: Kasinath M. Pranav Rohit , Rastogi Amit , Priya Vansh , Singh Tapas Kumar , Mishra Prabhaker , Pant K. C. 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Ultrasound is evolving as a probable tool in airway assessment. The upper airway is a superficial structure and has sonographically identifiable structures which makes it ideal for evaluation with the ultrasound.

Aims:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of skin to hyoid and skin to thyrohyoid membrane distance in prediction of difficult laryngoscopy.

Settings and Design:
This is a prospective observational study included 150 patients aged 18–60 years of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status I and II scheduled to undergo surgery under general anesthesia requiring laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation.

Materials and Methods:
The modified Mallampati score, mouth opening, mentohyoid distance, thyromental distance were noted. Skin to hyoid bone distance and skin to thyrohyoid membrane distance were measured by ultrasound. Patients were clubbed retrospectively into easy and difficult laryngoscopy groups on the basis of Cormack Lehane grading, and the characteristics of both groups were compared.

Statistical Analysis:
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 23 was used for statistical analysis. Independent samples t-test was used to compare the means between difficult and easy laryngoscopy patients. Diagnostic accuracy of the significant (P < 0.05) variables between difficult and easy laryngoscopy patients was calculated using receiver operating characteristics curve in terms of their area under curve. Appropriate cutoff values (with corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy) were also identified.

Results:
Out of 150 patients, 13 (8.7%) were identified as difficult laryngoscopy whereas 137 patients (91.3%) were identified as easy laryngoscopy. The demographics of both groups were comparable. Mentohyoid distance, skin to hyoid bone distance, and skin to thyrohyoid distance were statistically different between easy and difficult laryngoscopy patients, with lower mentohyoid distance and higher skin to hyoid bone distance and skin to thyrohyoid distance in difficult laryngoscopy patients. Diagnostic accuracy of the mentohyoid distance (70.3%) was slightly superior to skin to hyoid bone distance (67.1%) and skin to thyrohyoid distance (68.1%).

Conclusion:
Ultrasound measurements of skin to hyoid bone and skin to thyrohyoid membrane distance fail to eclipse clinical parameters in accurately predicting a difficult laryngoscopy.
Comparative Study of the Analgesic Efficacy of Intrathecal Fentanyl with Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block after Lower Segment Cesarean Section
Authors: Nayak Nagalakshmi S. , Kalpana K , Dhanpal Radhika , Tudu Lal Chand , Prakash Jay 
Published: August 2021

Background:
This study was conducted to compare the analgesic efficacy of intrathecal fentanyl with ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block after lower segment cesarean section. The objectives of the study were to compare the effects of subarachnoid fentanyl versus TAP block with respect to duration of postoperative analgesia, time for first analgesic request, total analgesic consumption in 24 h, time to first breastfeed and Apgar score at 1 and 5 min.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-two patients undergoing elective or emergency cesarean delivery were recruited for the study in a prospective, randomized, single-blind manner. The patients were randomly allocated to either intrathecal fentanyl group (Group F) or TAP block group (Group T) after determining the eligibility criteria. Group F patients received subarachnoid block with 10 mg of 0.5% bupivacaine heavy with 25 mcg of fentanyl. Group T patients received subarachnoid block with 10 mg of 0.5% bupivacaine heavy prior to surgery and at the end of surgery, they received TAP block with 0.25% bupivacaine 20 mL on each side.

Results:
Group T had significantly longer time for the first analgesic request (7.65 ± 1.23 h) than group F (4.10 ± 0.32 h). The total analgesic consumption in 24 h was significantly less in Group T (1.0 ± 0) than Group F (2.13 ± 0.34). The Visual Analogue Scale scores at rest and on movement were significantly less in Group T than Group F at all-time points. The Apgar score at 1 and 5 min and time to first breast feed were comparable between the two groups. The incidence of side effects was less in Group T.

Conclusion:
This study indicated that ultrasound-guided TAP block has a better analgesic as well as safety profile compared to intrathecal fentanyl for cesarean delivery.
Rescue Strategies in Anterior Circulation Stroke with Failed Mechanical Thrombectomy—A Retrospective Observational Study (RAFT)
Authors: Bhatti Amit Ashok , Mahajan Niranjan P. , Vyas Devashish Dhiren , Shah Mudasir Mushtaq , Huded Vikram 
Published: August 2021

Context:
Recanalization failure rate in mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for large vessel occlusions is up to 30%. Outcome greatly depends on recanalization success and, thus, there is an urgent need to adopt new strategies to improve recanalization.

Aims:
To report on the feasibility, safety, and outcome of rescue strategies (stenting and/or angioplasty) in cases of failed MT for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in anterior circulation.

Materials and Methods:
It was a retrospective observational study where patients undergoing MT were divided into two groups. The first group (MT-only) was of patients who had undergone only MT with the standard tools (stentriever and/or aspiration). The second group (MT-plus) consisted of patients who underwent a rescue procedure after failure of the standard MT. The two groups were compared based on the demographics, risk factors, stroke severity, and the extent of infarct on imaging. The angiographic findings, procedural details, periprocedural care, and angiographic and clinical outcome were also compared.

Results:
Out of 181 cases, 142 were in MT-only while 39 were included in MT-plus group. The two groups had comparable baseline stroke severity, extent of infarct on imaging and door to puncture time. The MT-plus patients had significantly longer time of onset and puncture to recanalization time. The clinical outcome was favorable in both groups with 57.7% and 59% patients achieving mRS 0–2 in MT-only and MT-plus groups, respectively. Successful recanalization was achieved in 80.3% and 89.7% in MT-only and MT-plus groups, respectively. There was no significant increase in symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage and mortality after rescue procedures.

Conclusions:
Rescue stenting and/or angioplasty after failed MT is a safe and effective recanalization method for AIS in anterior circulation without increasing mortality or morbidity.
Endovascular Management and Outcomes of Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease
Authors: Kumar Madhur , Choudhury Apratim Roy , Garg Puneet , Gupta Anubhav , Agarwal Yatish 
Published: August 2021

Introduction:
Aorto-iliac Occlusive Disease (AIOD) involves the infra-renal aorta and the iliac arteries. Recent studies advocate endovascular management in TASC C and D lesions also. It involves balloon angioplasty with or without stent deployment.5 The aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the results of endovascular balloon angioplasty and primary stenting in patients of AIOD.

Methods:
Twenty-five patients with Aorto-iliac occlusion disease who met the inclusion criteria during 1-year study period were included. Patients with acute thrombosis, abdominal aorta or iliac artery aneurysm and additional common femoral artery occlusion were excluded. The TASC II classification was used to define the characteristics of the lesions. The baseline data, procedural details and follow-up results were analysed.

Results:
Amongst 25 patients studied, age ranged from 40-75 years. Self-expanding metallic stent was employed in all patients. Technical success following primary stenting was achieved in all patients. Procedural times for TASC-II A, B, C and D lesions were 90+ 30, 110+ 40, 135+35 and 155+ 45 minutes, respectively. During follow-up, the cumulative primary patency rates at 1 month and 6 months were 100%. Cumulative primary patency rates at 1 year were 91.67%.

Conclusion:
Short- term outcomes of balloon angioplasty and stenting for Aorto-iliac artery occlusions in terms of primary patency rates were excellent.
Analysis of related factors to internal derangement in temporomandibular joint dysfunction patients using magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Mizuhashi Fumi , Ogura Ichiro , Sugawara Yoshihiro , Oohashi Makoto , Mizuhashi Ryo , Saegusa Hisato 
Published: August 2021

Background/Aim:
The aim of this study was to investigate the related factors to internal derangement in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods:
We reviewed the MRI of 60 TMJs that were examined MRI and diagnosed with internal derangement. Characteristics of the patients with internal derangement such as gender, age, TMJ pain, disturbance of mouth opening, and joint effusion were examined. Statistical analyses of each characteristic such as gender, TMJ pain, disturbance of mouth opening, and joint effusion were performed by cross-tabulation. The age difference was analyzed using Mann–Whitney test. The relationships between internal derangement and gender, age, TMJ pain, disturbance of mouth opening, and joint effusion were also analyzed by logistic multivariate regression analysis.

Results:
The occurrence of internal derangement was different by gender (P = 0.021), and the number was larger on women. The presence of disturbance of mouth opening was significantly larger on disc displacement without reduction compared to that on disc displacement with reduction (P = 0.027). Age, TMJ pain, and joint effusion were not different between disc displacement with reduction and disc displacement without reduction. The result of logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that gender and disturbance of mouth opening were related to the higher risk of internal derangement (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
These results suggested that internal derangement would be easier to occur on women, and the disturbance of mouth opening was occurring easily on disc displacement without reduction.
Evaluation of olfactory fossa depth using computed tomography in South Indian population
Authors: Patil Divya Teja , Ullas L. Yashas , Chaithanya A. , Dhanvarsha S , Sai Nikhilendra Reddy Aluru Venkata , Srinivasa Harshadeepa 
Published: August 2021

Context:
Anatomical variations are very important in planning a paranasal sinus (PNS) surgery. Currently, there are limited data on olfactory depth in the South Indian subpopulation.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to determine the olfactory fossa (OF) depth using Computed Tomography (CT) in the South Indian population.

Settings and Design:
This retrospective study was conducted in radiology, Sri Devaraj URS Medical College, Tamaka, Kolar.

Materials and Methods:
A single radiologist analyzed computed tomography (CT) and medical records of 287 patients from October 2020 to March 2021. OF depth (Keros classification) was considered the primary outcome variable.

Statistical Analysis Used:
Descriptive analysis was carried out by mean and standard deviation for quantitative variables, frequency, and proportion for categorical variables. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data were analyzed using coGuide_V.1.0.

Results:
The mean age was 44.2 years in the study population. Among the study population, 183 (63.76%) were male, and the remaining 104 (36.24%) were female. In people with Keros classification right side, 62 (21.60%) falls under Type I, 209 (72.82%) were Type II, and 16 (5.57%) were Type III. In people with Keros classification left side, 33 (11.50%) were Type I, 240 (83.62%) were Type II, and 14 (4.88%) were Type III.

Conclusion:
Keros Type II OF was more common in the study population, and the least common was Type III. The knowledge of OF depth may help the radiologists analyze this region's scans and minimize complications associated with surgeries in this delicate area.
The association between food diversity and serum antioxidant indices in cataract patients compared to healthy subjects
Authors: Heidari Naeimeh , Nabie Reza , Jabbari Masoumeh , Irannejad Niri Zahra , Zeinalian Reihaneh , Asghari Jafarabadi Mohammad , Arefhosseini Seyed Rafie 
Published: August 2021

Background:
Cataract is a chronic disorder that is related to antioxidant–oxidant imbalance situation. We aimed to investigate the association between food diversity and serum antioxidant and oxidant indices in cataract patients compared to healthy subjects.

Materials and Methods:
In this case–control study, ninety volunteers (aged > 50 years) were divided into the cataract (n = 45) and healthy control (n = 45) groups. Anthropometric variables, physical activity and stress levels, food diversity score, serum total oxidant capacity (TOC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measurements were done for all participants.

Results:
Serum TAC, even after adjustment for stress level, was significantly higher in healthy people compared to cataract patients (P < 0.001). In addition, serum TOC was significantly lower in healthy controls compared to cataract patients (P < 0.002). In healthy group, there was a weak significant positive association between serum TAC and meats group diversity (r = 0.149, P = 0.047). In addition, there was a moderate negative association between meats group diversity and TOC in the healthy controls (r = −0.712, P = 0.041). In the cataract group, there was a significant negative association between serum TOC and diversity score of fruits (r = −0.811, P = 0.017) and meats group (r = −0.926, P = 0.046) as well as total score of food diversity (r = −0.466, P = 0.003).

Conclusion:
It seems that increase in total dietary diversity and food groups' diversity can have a beneficial effect on oxidant situation among cataract patients.