bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Improvement of Retargeting by Big Data: A Decision Support that Threatens the Brand Image?
Authors: Maria Mercanti-Guérin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
With the emergence of Big Data and the increasing market penetration of ad retargeting advertising, the advertising industry’s interest in using this new online marketing method is rising. Retargeting is an innovative technology based on Big Data. People who have gone to a merchant site and window-shopped but not purchased can be re-pitched with the product they showed an interest in. Therefore, click rates and conversion rates are dramatically enhancing by retargeting. However, in spite of the increasing number of companies investing in retargeting, there is little academic research on this topic. In this paper we explore the links between retargeting, perceived intrusiveness and brand image. As results show the importance of perceived intrusiveness, ad repetition and ad relevance, we introduce new analytical perspectives on online strategies with the goal of facilitating collaboration between consumers and marketers.
Evolution of Public Debt in Albania during 1990-2017 and its impact on the Economic Growth
Authors: Cano Amarda 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Public debt is one of the most important macroeconomic indicators due to its impact on the economy of each country. Literature suggests that the effect varies in each country depending on the level of economic development and situation. Public debt will have a direct impact on a country’s economic growth, but there are contrasting opinions amongst economists regarding the use of public debt, particularly in situations of distress and in developing countries. Albania is a country that would be in need of a decrease of the debt/GDP ratio. This can be done through a stimulation of the economy rather than a decrease of the public debt. The empirical analysis shows that the increase on real public debt can negatively influence the GDP, yet, we do not observe a specific level above which the effects worsened. Instead, we notie that whenever the public debt was increasing, the cost of debt would sometimes decrease because the governments substitutes the debt borrowed from second tier banks with debt borrowed from the IMF.
Response of Day Care Centers for Children and Youth with Disabilities in Republic of Srpska to Work Challenges During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Radonjić Andrea Rakanović , Ćuk Mira 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In accordance with the Law of Social Protection of the Republic of Srpska Day care Centers are institutions of social protections that enable daily care of children in local communities and providing a wide range of services: food and care providing, storage, health care, upbringing and education, psychosocial rehabilitation, work occupation and integration. The proclamation of a pandemic COVID-19, Day care centers had to change the way of working and to provide support to children in their own homes. How the day centers worked and which activities they undertook in the new conditions is the subject of this research. The research was conducted on the entire territory of Republic of Srpska in the period from May to June 2020. The population consisted of all 18 Day care Centers for children and youth with disabilities. A total of 15 Day care Centers participated in the research. Methods of analysis and synthesis and test methods were used in the research, as well as Content analysis method. The technique that was used during the research was specially created survey. Day care Centers for children and youth with disabilities during the corona virus pandemic did not have a operational work plan. Most Day care Centers operated without instructions and guidelines. There was no systemic solution related to the organization of work in changed conditions. Communication with service users mostly took place in the online space, with all the limitations due to the modest technical conditions in Day care Centers, as well as the limited technical capacities of the users. Communication with service users maintained through home visits. During the pandemic, users needed help in a significant number of cases. Day care Centers were engaged in other activities related to the needs of users and the population of local communities during the pandemic. In some cases, they changed or supplemented their activities and developed new project.
The City’s Regulatory Plans in the First Half of the 20th Century
Authors: Thanas Eftiola 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of this work is to throw light on the regulatory plans of the city of Korça. Based on the researches done in the press of time and in the relevant institutions as well, it comes out that the city had a regulatory plan for its development. It is documented in the press of time since 1875 making it an early document for both the city and Albania in general. These data derive mainly from the press of time published in Korças they have had a great impact on the social and economic life of the city. The ever documented regulatory plan is that of 1931 in co-operation with two foreign engineers and approved by the Albanian Ministry of Infrastructure. Based not only on the press publications, but also on what we have inherited up to nowadays, we conclude that this plan has never been implemented. The only “ new thing” this plan brought is the “Pirro Boulevard” or the today known “ Skenderbe”, ( Scanderbeg ) which joins the Shen Gjergj Blvd with that of “ Republikës” ( Republic ). In the end, based on archive researches we can deduce that the city of Korça has been among the first cities of Albania having a regulatory plan. A concise and definite fact is the article of 1910 which speaks of “ the City Card” ( Chart ).
Self-Representation in Social Media During the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown
Authors: Sándor Alexandra Valéria 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Over the past 15 years, social media has become an integral part of our daily lives, influencing both our informal interactions and professional discourses as well as their structure. From this, one can conclude that social media has its own logic, which includes special norms, strategies and mechanisms (van Dijck & Poell, 2013). Therefore, it is not surprising that many of the changes affecting society today have been instigated by the use of social media. Two fundamental features of social media are its ability to transcend geographical and cultural boundaries and the role that recipients play when posts are shared, as opposed to traditional models of mass communication. Consequently, these features have led to the rise of the ‘infodemic’, a term that describes the excessive spread of information and can be used specifically to refer to the dissemination of information about the COVID-19 pandemic on social media platforms (Cinelli et al., 2020). The present study aims to provide a snapshot of how self-representation on social media platforms has changed among Hungarian users during the lockdown period of COVID-19, supported by a brief literature review about the pandemic and its effects on mental health and tested using an online questionnaire to gain deeper insight into social media usage patterns. According to the results of the questionnaire, social media usage and self-representation in social media posts became more frequent during the lockdown. Additionally, symptoms of major depression were more likely among those who shared photos of themselves or their close relations ‘daily’ or ‘multiple times a day’ on Messenger, where the frequency of photo-sharing increased the most.
The Influence of Musically Gifted on the Development of Language Competences
Authors: Sučić Goran 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Cognitive processes related to children involved in music are directly related to other cognitive processes in the brain because music is known to directly or indirectly affect many mental processes, but we still don’t have evidence of how and in which way this process takes place. Since the paper deals with influence of musically gifted students on the development of language competencies, in the theoretical elaboration of the paper we will try to analyze and compare musical intelligence in relation to linguistic intelligence. The empirical part of the paper will present the results of research on the process of mastering language competencies among students going to gymnasium who are musically gifted and attend music education in relation to other students.
Developing Multilingual Competence and Cultural Awareness through Forms of Non-Formal Learning: A Contribution to Sustainable Employability, Active Citizenship and Social Inclusion
Authors: Simões Anabela Valente 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We live in a fast-changing world, where breakthrough technological advances have not just disrupted industries but also changed the way we live, work and learn to a degree humankind has never experienced before. As the modern workplace becomes ever more global and interconnected, proficiency in foreign languages (FL) assumes a fundamental role in international business relations. Simultaneously, being able to navigate culturally diverse environments, i.e., understanding how international stakeholders think, work, and express themselves through their attitudes and behaviours is of paramount importance as well. These challenges also raise pressing questions: How can we prepare learners for a global world in constant evaluation? How can we help them develop 21st-century skills as important as critical thinking, creativity, communication, adaptability, digital literacy and cross-cultural understanding? In May 2018, the Council of the European Union (CEU) adopted a Recommendation on Key Competences for Lifelong Learning, a framework that attempts to establish a common understanding of competences needed in the present moment and the future, by emphasising the inter-relatedness of knowledge, skills, attitudes and values. An important reference tool for education and training stakeholders, this recommendation identifies the following key competences: 1) Literacy competence; 2) Multilingual competence; 3) Mathematical competence and competence in science, technology and engineering; 4) Digital competence; 5) Personal, social and learning to learn competence; 6) Civic competence; 7) Entrepreneurship competence; and 8) Cultural awareness and expression competence. The EU Member States are, thus, encouraged to prepare their citizens for changing labour markets and active citizenship in more diverse, mobile, digital, and global societies, and to develop learning at all stages of life. While teacher-guided approaches will remain an important pedagogical practice, the main approach to teaching key competences is through providing learning environments that facilitate active learning, i.e., student-centred settings where open-ended problems and challenges can be solved through debate, experimentation, exploration, and creativity. This paper aims to narrate a non-formal activity carried out within a Business English Communication course taught at the Higher School of Technology and Management of the University of Aveiro (Portugal), in collaboration with an international group of volunteers from the European Solidarity Corps. This initiative sought to contribute to the development of some of the key competences for lifelong learning, especially multilingual skills and cultural sensitivity and expression, but also digital skills and personal and social skills of the participants.
Covid-19 and Inequality: A Gender Perspective
Authors: Frontoni Elisabetta 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
My paper examines some aspects of the Covid19 pandemic in Italy from a gender perspective. I intend to highlight some important inequalities in the management and cohabitation during the pandemic that risk being otherwise hidden in the public discourse. I will focus in particular on two circumstances: public decisions about the pandemic and work-care balancing. As regards the first profile, I will focus on the composition of the committees appointed by the government for the management of the crisis and the effects that this composition had on the way to deal with the pandemic in our country. With regard to the second profile, working environment is certainly where inequalities have emerged most clearly, albeit in a different way. First of all, there were women who had to work during the emergency and had problems reconciling work and care role. Secondly, women who could / had to work from home had to deal with the lack of a distinction between workspace and care duties. On this point, the Italian State has taken very different measures from those of other countries, for example the decision not to reopen schools, which has penalised and will continue to penalise women's work. In this perspective, the work will investigate what other measures have been or will be adopted since the so-called third phase.
Econometric Analysis of Local Community’s Perception Towards Protected Area Management: The Case of Borena-Saynt National Park - Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Ayalew Alemu Jemberu , Assegu Mekonnen Getahun , Afirie Temesgen Tessema 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This study tried to examine econometric analysis of local community’s perception towards protected area management in the case of Borena Sayint National park. Specifically, the study aims to estimate the direct economic value of natural forest, response on the indirect and option values and, econometric analysis of local community’s perception and/or attitude measured based on use value index. The research was conducted in Borena and Mehal Saynt Woredas with severe deforestation and biodiversity loss. Cross sectional research design and stratified-random sampling method were used, following agroclimatic zonation technique. Primary and secondary data were collected from various sources. Data were gathered from a gross total of 396 respondents. Household survey with 360 interviewees using questionnaire, key informants interview with 21 using checklist and, focus group discussion with 15 target individuals using guiding questions. Secondary data obtained from published and unpublished materials, i.e. books, journals and reports, were used. Analysis was performed using analytical tools, descriptive and order logistic regression econometric model in particular. Descriptive analyses tell us to understand the rank of community priorities of the direct, indirect and option benefits. From the direct benefits, honey, livestock, job opportunity, wood, farm tools, housing poles, tourism, timber, hunted meat, medicine, biodiversity, fruit, coffee orderly have been listed from the highest to lowest local community benefits. Similarly, common pole, biodiversity, water source, community heritage, medicine, robbery, wood fuel, carbon sequestration, tourism, livestock feed are orderly selected as their highest to lowest benefits among direct and option benefits. Hence, Local community prefers indirect benefit of park than direct benefits. The econometric analysis of local community‘s perceptions towards protected area management of the natural forest, ‘Denkoro-Chaqa’ in English means “Deaf-Forest”. Information obtained from order logistic regression (Ologit) based on response rate of households to infer the intrinsic value showed consistency between perception, selective socioeconomic and location variables. This implies that education, married, old-aged and location-2 as most important factors that respondents agreed with significant degree, and hence the most constructive idea to enhance local community’s perception in view of major conservation plans. Reputedly, family base awareness creation with formal and informal education, and other media should be done in core area, buffer zone, transitional zone areas of conservation of natural forest along with take full advantage of local community benefits.
Microbiological Comparative Studies of Crude Aqueous Extracts from Arabica and Robusta Coffee
Authors: Caracostea Luiza-Mădălina , Sîrbu Rodica , Lepădatu Anca Cristina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the degree of microbial contamination of aqueous extracts of green and roasted coffee originating in India. The samples used in this analysis were obtained by two extraction methods: hot extraction and cold extraction. If a microbial load of samples was found, the same extracts were filtered using sterile 0.22 μm pore size filters from PES (Polyester) for decontamination. The working methodology was based on the Standard SR EN ISO 21149/2017 which provides general guidelines for counting and detecting mesophilic aerobic bacteria using as a medium for isolation, cultivation and counting of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) the non-differential environment. The experimental results obtained showed microbial contamination of all samples. The level of microbial contamination is different for the extracts taken under study, depending on the type of coffee used, green or roasted, but also on other conditions, such as wet or dry processing. Roasted coffee is much less contaminated compared to green coffee, due to a thermal (incomplete) sterilization by the roasting procedure. The working conditions used, the temperature of the distilled water used to prepare the extracts, their non-sterile handling, but also the type of coffee used, are the factors that determined the microbial contamination.
Important Properties of Grapes and Wine from the Dobrogea Area for Therapeutic Use
Authors: Sirbu Rodica , Negreanu-Pirjol Ticuta , Negreanu-Pirjol Bogdan Stefan , Cadar Emin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Starting from Herodotus who states that: No cure can cure like wine and can not inspire like it. From antiquity until now grapes and wine represent a viable alternative in multiple therapies if we know how and when to consume these products. This paper is a study that comes to present concretely the beneficial impact of the products that the vine offers us, the plant cultivated in the location of our Dobrogean area. Grapes contain reducing sugars, malic acid, succinic acid, flavonic derivatives, lecithin, choline, leucine, wax and minerals. Wine also has special properties in cellular and mental balance, being a good anti-stress remedy. Medicinal wines are elixirs with beneficial effects on health only if they are prepared correctly. In this paper important properies of wine and grapes are analised and application of wines and their specific effects in different therapies was systematized. The paper aims to open interest in this topic for scientifically controlled consumption and for the use of these natural products in beneficial alternative therapies.
Studies on Chitosan, Chitin and Chitooligosaccharides and Their Biomedical Properties
Authors: Ibram Alef 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Research in healthcare involves the use of natural resources in the manufacture of pharmaceutical products. Chito-oligosaccharides (CHOS) are described as homo- or heterooligomers of N-acetylglucosamine and D-glucosamine. As a starting material for CHOS production chitin or chitosan can be used. When it comes to the medical field, there are indications that CHOS may be developed and used as drugs against asthma, antibacterial agents, ingredients in wound-dressings and vectors in gene-therapy. The methods of production can rely on enzymatic conversions, chemical methods or combinations of these methods. There is ample literature concerning the biological effects of chitosans, but relatively little is known about the effects of CHOS, and the mechanisms behind observed bioactivities are generally poorly understood. This review is focused on the characterization of chitin and chitosan by presenting the biological properties, and on the enzymatic production of CHOS, and on further separation and purification methods for producing well-defined mixtures and also provides an overview of some of the most promising applications of CHOS.
Italian Migration and Entrepreneurship’s Origins in the United States of America: A Business History Analysis from the Post Second World War Period to the Present Day
Authors: Ferrandino Vittoria , Sgro Valentina 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The opening of international markets following World War II highlighted the differences between territories at regional and national level in terms of the attractiveness of economic activities, investment and human resources. In this context, an important aspect concerned the entrepreneurial process: businesses and entrepreneurs have played a leading role in the activation of the paths of economic growth on the product value, employment and international competitiveness. From this perspective, the study of entrepreneurial dynamics - who the entrepreneurs are, their formation, the path followed for the creation of the enterprise, socio-economic and institutional context in which they acted - becomes crucial to understand the influence of economic and social conditions in the countries of origin as well as the employment and market opportunities, infrastructures and attractiveness of the destination countries. From this point of view, the entrepreneurial path is linked to the migration process and requires a study to highlight the relationship between these two phenomena and their impacts on the development and territorial competitiveness. Starting from the analysis of the literature and researches available at national and international level, in this paper we present the first results of a quantitative and qualitative research at the Archives of the American Chamber of Commerce in Italy, as well as in other American economic institutions. The study aims to highlight the scale of the phenomenon in the Italian-Americans economic relations after World War II, the characteristics of firms with immigrant entrepreneurs, as well as the relationship between immigrant entrepreneurship and entrepreneur training. Even though the two authors share the article’s setting, please note that introduction and paragraph 1 are by Vittoria Ferrandino and paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 are by Valentina Sgro. Both of the authors wrote the conclusions.
Euroscepticism and Traditions of Nationalism
Authors: Bedirhan Zekeriya Alperen , Ozgoker Ugur 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The European Union and its member states are in the effect of populism and its catalyzer populist parties. Most of populist parties are the right-wing parties and their politic discourses can be called nationalist. In this study, relations between tradition of nationalism within the context of its historic roots and in the current use, and Euroscepticism will be examined. European identity will be discussed as an important integration factor and populist parties of the European zone will be analyzed with internal and external factors.
Legitimizing Workforce Reduction: A Review on Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak to the Economy
Authors: Zakiyy Norman 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak continues to impact business organizations around the world financially. One major concern is the common practice of business organizations to reduce their workforce. Issues might arise from such management decisions. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to analyze the legitimacy of managerial decisions relating to workforce reduction. The methodology of legal analysis was used by referring to and reviewing literature in Malaysia, Singapore and the United Kingdom. Major findings show that management decisions on workforce reduction especially during the COVID-19 outbreak must accord with employment law and existing government measures. Apart from that, an employer’s failure to resolve issues of workforce reduction according to the law and government measures would result in trade disputes and eventual court action. The findings of this study can assist employers to make sound management decisions with valid reasons in situations, not within their control.