bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Leg Quasi-Stiffness Methods Across Running Velocities
Authors: Kuzmeski John , Weir Gillian , Johnson Travis , Salzano Matthew , Hamill Joseph 
Published: July 2021

This study investigated the differences between 5 commonly used methods to calculate leg stiffness over a range of running velocities. Thirteen male, habitually rearfoot, recreational runners ran on a force instrumented treadmill for a 5-minute running session. Each session consisted of 30-second intervals at 6 progressively faster speeds from 2.5 m·s−1 through 5.0 m·s−1 with each interval speed increasing by 0.5 m·s−1. Two-way within-factors repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to evaluate leg stiffness and length. A one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the slope of each trend line of each model across speeds. Pearson correlations were used to compare the relationship between the different computational methods. The results indicated that the direct stiffness methods increased with speed whereas the indirect stiffness methods did not. The direct methods were strongly correlated with each other as were the indirect methods. However, there were no strong correlations between the direct and indirect methods. These differences can be mostly attributed to how each individual stiffness method calculated leg length. It is important for researchers to understand these differences when conducting future studies and comparing past studies.
The Relationship Between the Perceived Motivational Climate in Elite Collegiate Sport and Athlete Psychological Coping Skills
Authors: Fry Mary D. , Hogue Candace M. , Iwasaki Susumu , Solomon Gloria B. 
Published: July 2021

Psychological coping skills in sport are believed to be central to athlete performance and well-being. This study examined the relationship between the perceived motivational climate in elite collegiate sport teams and player psychological coping skills use. Division I athletes (N = 467) completed a questionnaire examining their perceptions of how caring, task-, and ego-involving their teams were and their use of sport specific psychological coping skills (i.e., coping with adversity, peaking under pressure, goal setting/mental preparation, concentration, freedom from worry, confidence/achievement motivation, and coachability). Structural equation modeling revealed positive relationships between perceptions of a task-involving climate and confidence/achievement motivation (β = 0.42) and goal setting/mental preparation (β = 0.27). Caring climate perceptions were positively associated with coachability (β = 0.34). These findings illustrate how encouraging athletes and coaches to create a caring, task-involving climate may facilitate athletes’ use of psychological coping skills and set athletes up to perform their best and have a positive sporting experience.
Holographic Sight Improves the Static Shooting Accuracy and Vertical Sway Precision During High-Intensity Dynamic Action in the Police Task Force
Authors: Vágner Michal , Bílek Zdeněk , Sýkora Karel , Michalička Vladimír , Přívětivý Lubomír , Fiala Miloš , Maszczyk Adam , Stastny Petr 
Published: July 2021

The aim of this study was to find the effect of holographic sight (HS) on short-distance shooting accuracy and precision during static and high-intensity dynamic actions. Twenty policemen (31 ± 2.2 years, 85.6 ± 6.1 kg, and 181.9 ± 4.4 cm) performed five shots in the 10-s limit under the static condition for 20 m and dynamic condition 15–5 m, and after 4 × 10 m sprint action, both with fixed sight (FS) and HS. The analysis of variance post hoc test revealed that HSstatic had higher shouting accuracy than FSstatic, FSdynamic, and HSdynamic (p = .03, p = .0001, and p = .0001, respectively) and FSdynamic had lower precision than FSstatic, HSstatic, and HSdynamic (p = .0003, p = .0001, and p = .01, respectively) in vertical sway. The HS for rifles has improved the accuracy of static shooting and vertical sway precision of dynamic shooting.
Detrital zircon geochronology and provenance of the Middle to Late Jurassic Paradox Basin and Central Colorado trough: Paleogeographic implications for southwestern Laurentia
Authors: Ejembi John I. , Potter-McIntyre Sally L. , Sharman Glenn R. , Smith Tyson M. , Saylor Joel E. , Hatfield Kendall , Ferré Eric C. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMiddle to Upper Jurassic strata in the Paradox Basin and Central Colorado trough (CCT; southwestern United States) record a pronounced change in sediment dispersal from dominantly aeolian deposition with an Appalachian source (Entrada Sandstone) to dominantly fluvial deposition with a source in the Mogollon and/or Sevier orogenic highlands (Salt Wash Member of the Morrison Formation). An enigmatic abundance of Cambrian (ca. 527–519 Ma) grains at this provenance transition in the CCT at Escalante Canyon, Colorado, was recently suggested to reflect a local sediment source from the Ancestral Front Range, despite previous interpretations that local basement uplifts were largely buried by Middle to Late Jurassic time.This study aims to delineate spatial and temporal patterns in provenance of these Jurassic sandstones containing Cambrian grains within the Paradox Basin and CCT using sandstone petrography, detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, and detrital zircon trace elemental and rare-earth elemental (REE) geochemistry. We report 7887 new U-Pb detrital zircon analyses from 31 sandstone samples collected within seven transects in western Colorado and eastern Utah. Three clusters of zircon ages are consistently present (1.53–1.3 Ga, 1.3–0.9 Ga, and 500–300 Ma) that are interpreted to reflect sources associated with the Appalachian orogen in southeastern Laurentia (mid-continent, Grenville, Appalachian, and peri-Gondwanan terranes). Ca. 540–500 Ma zircon grains are anomalously abundant locally in the uppermost Entrada Sandstone and Wanakah Formation but are either lacking or present in small fractions in the overlying Salt Wash and Tidwell Members of the Morrison Formation. A comparison of zircon REE geochemistry between Cambrian detrital zircon and igneous zircon from potential sources shows that these 540–500 Ma detrital zircon are primarily magmatic. Although variability in both detrital and igneous REE concentrations precludes definitive identification of provenance, several considerations suggest that distal sources from the Cambrian granitic and rhyolitic provinces of the Southern Oklahoma aulacogen is also likely, in addition to a proximal source identified in the McClure Mountain syenite of the Wet Mountains, Colorado. The abundance of Cambrian grains in samples from the central CCT, particularly in the Entrada Sandstone and Wanakah Formation, suggests northwesterly sediment transport within the CCT, with sediment sourced from Ancestral Rocky Mountains uplifts of the southern Wet Mountains and/or Amarillo-Wichita Mountains in southwestern Oklahoma. The lack of Cambrian grains within the Paradox Basin suggests that the Uncompahgre uplift (southwestern Colorado) acted as a barrier to sediment transport from the CCT.
Myositis and myasteniform syndrome related to pembrolizumab
Authors: Sanchez-Sancho Pablo , Selva-O'Callaghan Albert , Trallero-Araguás Ernesto , Ros Javier , Montoro Bruno 
Published: July 2021

This case report concerns a 63-year-old man affected by metastatic undifferentiated liposarcoma. After receiving pembrolizumab as a second-line treatment in a clinical trial, the patient experienced an immune-mediated myocarditis, myositis and myasteniform syndrome. The last two adverse events showed significant clinical relevance in terms of severity, duration and the required specific treatment.Initial treatment approach consisted in pulses of 1 g of methylprednisolone, followed by 2 mg/kg/day, with clinical improvement. After 12 days, the immune-mediated myasteniform syndrome worsened, with dysphagia, dysphonia, bilateral palpebral ptosis and respiratory difficulty. Due to the refractoriness to glucocorticoid treatment, it was decided to initiate intravenous immunoglobulin at 2 g/kg, followed by 2 mg/kg every 4 weeks once discharged and mycophenolate 500 mg/12 hours, in order to reduce the dose of glucocorticoids.After 2 months, the patient presented an optimal clinical evolution, without muscular weakness and referred to an improvement in dysphagia and speech.
Development of prehospital care quality indicators for the Australian setting: a modified RAND/UCLA appropriateness method
Authors: Pap Robin , Lockwood Craig , Stephenson Matthew , Simpson Paul 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundGlobally, the measurement of quality is an important process that supports the provision of high-quality and safe healthcare services. The requirement for valid quality measurement to gauge improvements and monitor performance is echoed in the Australian prehospital care setting. The aim of this study was to use an evidence-informed expert consensus process to identify valid quality indicators (QIs) for Australian prehospital care provided by ambulance services.MethodsA modified RAND/UCLA appropriateness method was conducted with a panel of Australian prehospital care experts from February to May 2019. The proposed QIs stemmed from a scoping review and were systematically prepared within a clinical and non-clinical classification system, and a structure/process/outcome and access/safety/effectiveness taxonomy. Rapid reviews were performed for each QI to produce evidence summaries for consideration by the panellists. QIs were deemed valid if the median score by the panel was 7–9 without disagreement.ResultsOf 117 QIs, the expert panel rated 84 (72%) as valid. This included 26 organisational/system QIs across 7 subdomains and 58 clinical QIs within 10 subdomains.Most QIs were process indicators (n=62; 74%) while QIs describing structural elements and desired outcomes were less common (n=13; 15% and n=9; 11%, respectively). Non-exclusively, 18 (21%) QIs addressed access to healthcare, 21 (25%) described safety aspects and 64 (76%) specified elements contributing to effective services and care. QIs on general time intervals, such as response time, were not considered valid by the panel.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that with consideration of best available evidence a substantial proportion of QIs scoped and synthesised from the international literature are valid for use in the Australian prehospital care context.
Head home: implementation during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Aldridge Patrick , Parish Rachel , Castle Heather , Russell Emma , Rout Raj , Singh Roohi 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundRecent research suggests that between 20% and 50% of paediatric head injuries attending our emergency department (ED) could be safely discharged soon after triage, without the need for medical review, using a ‘Head Injury Discharge At Triage’ tool (HIDAT). We sought to implement this into clinical practice.MethodsPaediatric ED triage staff underwent competency-based assessments for HIDAT with all head injury presentations 1 May to 31 October 2020 included in analysis. We determined which patients were discharged using the tool, which underwent CT of the brain and whether there was a clinically important traumatic brain injury or representation to the ED.ResultsOf the 1429 patients screened; 610 (43%) screened negative with 250 (18%) discharged by nursing staff. Of the entire cohort, 32 CTs were performed for head injury concerns (6 abnormal) with 1 CT performed in the HIDAT negative group (normal). Of those discharged using HIDAT, four reattended, two with vomiting (no imaging or admission) and two with minor scalp wound infections. Two patients who screened negative declined discharge under the policy with later medical discharge (no imaging or admission). Paediatric ED attendances were 29% lower than in 2018.ConclusionWe have successfully implemented HIDAT into local clinical practice. The number discharged (18%) is lower than originally described; this is likely multifactorial. The relationship between COVID-19 and paediatric ED attendances is unclear but decreased attendances suggest those for whom the tool was originally designed are not attending ED and may be accessing other medical/non-medical resources
Diagnostic yield of bacteriological tests and predictors of severe outcome in adult patients with COVID-19 presenting to the emergency department
Authors: Kaal Anna , Snel Lars , Dane Martijn , van Burgel Nathalie , Ottens Thomas , Broekman Winifred , el Bouazzaoui Lahssan , Kolfschoten Nikki , Schippers Emile , Steyerberg Ewout , Meziyerh Soufian , van Nieuwkoop Cees 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundGuidelines recommend maximal efforts to obtain blood and sputum cultures in patients with COVID-19, as bacterial coinfection is associated with worse outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of bacteriological tests, including blood and sputum cultures, and the association of multiple biomarkers and the Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) with clinical and microbiological outcomes in patients with COVID-19 presenting to the emergency department (ED).MethodsThis is a substudy of a large observational cohort study (PredictED study). The PredictED included adult patients from whom a blood culture was drawn at the ED of Haga Teaching Hospital, The Netherlands. For this substudy, all patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR in March and April 2020 were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of bacterial coinfection. We used logistic regression analysis for associations of procalcitonin, C reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, lymphocyte count and PSI score with a severe disease course, defined as intensive care unit admission and/or 30-day mortality. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) quantified the discriminatory performance.ResultsWe included 142 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. On presentation, the median duration of symptoms was 8 days. 41 (29%) patients had a severe disease course and 24 (17%) died within 30 days. The incidence of bacterial coinfection was 2/142 (1.4%). None of the blood cultures showed pathogen growth while 6.3% was contaminated. The AUCs for predicting severe disease were 0.76 (95% CI 0.68 to 0.84), 0.70 (0.61 to 0.79), 0.62 (0.51 to 0.74), 0.62 (0.51 to 0.72) and 0.72 (0.63 to 0.81) for procalcitonin, CRP, ferritin, lymphocyte count and PSI score, respectively.ConclusionBlood cultures appear to have limited value while procalcitonin and the PSI appear to be promising tools in helping physicians identify patients at risk for severe disease course in COVID-19 at presentation to the ED.
Myocardial infarctions, subtypes and coronary atherosclerosis in SLE: a case–control study
Authors: Samuelsson Isak , Parodis Ioannis , Gunnarsson Iva , Zickert Agneta , Hofman-Bang Claes , Wallén Håkan , Svenungsson Elisabet 
Published: July 2021

ObjectivePatients with SLE have increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Few studies have investigated the characteristics of SLE-related MIs. We compared characteristics of and risk factors for MI between SLE patients with MI (MI-SLE), MI patients without SLE (MI-non-SLE) and SLE patients without MI (non-MI-SLE) to understand underlying mechanisms.MethodsWe identified patients with a first-time MI in the Karolinska SLE cohort. These patients were individually matched for age and gender with MI-non-SLE and non-MI-SLE controls in a ratio of 1:1:1. Retrospective medical file review was performed. Paired statistics were used as appropriate.ResultsThirty-four MI-SLE patients (88% females) with a median age of 61 years were included. These patients had increased number of coronary arteries involved (p=0.04), and ≥50% coronary atherosclerosis/occlusion was numerically more common compared with MI-non-SLE controls (88% vs 66%; p=0.07). The left anterior descending artery was most commonly involved (73% vs 59%; p=0.11) and decreased (<50%) left ventricular ejection fraction occurred with similar frequency in MI-SLE and MI-non-SLE patients (45% vs 36%; p=0.79). Cardiovascular disease (44%, 5.9%, 12%; p<0.001) and coronary artery disease (32%, 2.9%, 0%; p<0.001), excluding MI, preceded MI/inclusion more commonly in MI-SLE than in MI-non-SLE and non-MI-SLE patients, respectively. MI-SLE patients had lower plasma albumin levels than non-MI-SLE patients (35 (29–37) vs 40 (37–42) g/L; p=0.002).ConclusionIn the great majority of cases, MIs in SLE are associated with coronary atherosclerosis. Furthermore, MIs in SLE are commonly preceded by symptomatic vascular disease, calling for attentive surveillance of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors and early atheroprotective treatment.
F1-taught orthopaedic teaching programme for students (FOTS)
Authors: Kumar Prakrit Raj , Hashmi Yousuf , Beedham William , Kumar Ranya Vardini , Fleming Simon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted students learning, with the time off resulting in students ‘de-skilling’, increasing concerns for upcoming observed structured clinical examinations. Foundation Year 1 (F1) doctors (F1s), despite being expected to teach, rarely receive formal preparation, with COVID-19 exacerbating opportunities to practice. As such, a national orthopaedic teaching programme was designed to provide F1s with opportunities to develop their teaching skills and to synergistically teach medical students how to perform clinical orthopaedic examinations.MethodsSix weekly sessions, each delivered by two newly qualified F1 tutors, on each joint examination were delivered online via Zoom Video Communications (USA). Presession and postsession multiple choice questions (MCQs) were provided to students to assess improvement in knowledge. Anonymous feedback forms were provided to both students and tutors.ResultsOf the 341 students that attended, 87.1% provided feedback. 86.2% felt that they had de-skilled due to time off, with a mean 15 weeks off from placement. Based on a 5-point Likert scale, students displayed a mean improvement in confidence (1.9±1.1, p&lt;0.001) and MCQ scores (1.4±1.3, p&lt;0.001) before and after the sessions. 91.6% and 95.3% agreed that the use of online teaching increased attendance and laid the foundation for practice. Of the six tutors, all reported improvement in confidence to teach and teaching skills.ConclusionWe demonstrate that online delivery of clinical orthopaedic examinations is effective, increasing the knowledge and confidence of students, while providing opportunities for F1s to teach. We present our findings to encourage similar teaching programmes to be adopted at other locations and specialties, to synergistically benefit students, doctors and ultimately, patients.
Early evidence of the associations between an anti-e-cigarette mass media campaign and e-cigarette knowledge and attitudes: results from a cross-sectional study of youth and young adults
Authors: Hair Elizabeth C , Kreslake Jennifer M , Rath Jessica Miller , Pitzer Lindsay , Bennett Morgane , Vallone Donna 
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveAntismoking mass media campaigns have contributed to significant declines in combustible tobacco use among young people. This study evaluates a national anti-e-cigarette campaign to determine its association with knowledge, attitudes and beliefs in the context of increasing e-cigarette use in the USA.MethodsA national sample of respondents aged 15–24 years (n=8421) was drawn from a repeated cross-sectional online panel survey (220 participants/week) (October 2018 to December 2019). Self-reported exposure to the truth anti-e-cigarette campaign was measured according to level of ad awareness. Outcomes were subjective knowledge of campaign-targeted facts about e-cigarettes and attitudinal constructs about perceived e-cigarette harm, social unacceptability and anti-industry sentiments. Covariates included respondent demographics, current e-cigarette use and cigarette use, parental smoking, sensation seeking, mental health and growth in e-cigarette sales.ResultsAd awareness was associated with knowledge that e-cigarette users are more likely to start smoking (low OR: 1.28, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.44; high OR: 1.88, 95% CI 1.66 to 2.13) and of the nicotine content of JUUL compared with cigarettes (low OR: 1.63, 95% CI 1.45 to 1.82; high OR: 2.50, 95% CI 2.21 to 2.84). High ad awareness was associated with knowledge that the long-term health effects of JUUL use are unknown (OR: 1.88, 95% CI 1.57 to 2.28). High ad awareness was associated with significantly higher perceived product harm (OR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.54), social unacceptability (OR: 1.32, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.53) and anti-industry attitudes (OR: 1.40, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.62), compared with respondents with no awareness.ConclusionsYoung people with awareness of anti-e-cigarette ads demonstrate higher levels of campaign-targeted knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. Future campaign evaluation priorities include measuring the campaign effects on e-cigarette use behaviours.
Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Metabolism and Polarization of Mammary Tumor-Associated Macrophages
Authors: Hinshaw Dominique C. , Hanna Ann , Lama-Sherpa Tshering , Metge Brandon , Kammerud Sarah C. , Benavides Gloria A. , Kumar Atul , Alsheikh Heba Allah , Mota Mateus , Chen Dongquan , Ballinger Scott W. , Rathmell Jeffrey C. , Ponnazhagan Selvarangan , Darley-Usmar Victor , Samant Rajeev S. , Shevde Lalita A. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract

Elevated infiltration of immunosuppressive alternatively polarized (M2) macrophages is associated with poor prognosis in patients with cancer. The tumor microenvironment remarkably orchestrates molecular mechanisms that program these macrophages. Here we identify a novel role for oncogenic Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in programming signature metabolic circuitries that regulate alternative polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. Two immunocompetent orthotopic mouse models of mammary tumors were used to test the effect of inhibiting Hh signaling on tumor-associated macrophages. Treatment with the pharmacologic Hh inhibitor vismodegib induced a significant shift in the profile of tumor-infiltrating macrophages. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis showed Hh inhibition induced significant alterations in metabolic processes, including metabolic sensing, mitochondrial adaptations, and lipid metabolism. In particular, inhibition of Hh in M2 macrophages reduced flux through the UDP-GlcNAc biosynthesis pathway. Consequently, O-GlcNAc-modification of STAT6 decreased, mitigating the immune-suppressive program of M2 macrophages, and the metabolically demanding M2 macrophages shifted their metabolism and bioenergetics from fatty acid oxidation to glycolysis. M2 macrophages enriched from vismodegib-treated mammary tumors showed characteristically decreased O-GlcNAcylation and altered mitochondrial dynamics. These Hh-inhibited macrophages are reminiscent of inflammatory (M1) macrophages, phenotypically characterized by fragmented mitochondria. This is the first report highlighting the relevance of Hh signaling in controlling a complex metabolic network in immune cells. These data describe a novel immunometabolic function of Hh signaling that can be clinically exploited.

Significance:
These findings illustrate that Hh activity regulates a metabolic and bioenergetic regulatory program in tumor-associated macrophages that promotes their immune-suppressive polarization.