bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The costs and benefits of coexistence: What determines people's willingness to live near nonhuman primates?
Authors: Pebsworth Paula A. , Radhakrishna Sindhu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLiving near primate species has positive and negative outcomes for human communities. While most studies focus on understanding people's perceptions regarding the adverse consequences of interacting with primates, less is known about people's willingness to coexist with primates or reasons that may promote human–primate coexistence. We surveyed 794 people co‐living with four different primate species—rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta, bonnet macaque Macaca radiata, lion‐tailed macaque Macaca silenus, and Hanuman langur Semnopithecus dussumieri—in southern and western India to understand how people perceived the costs and benefits of coexistence. The results of our semi‐structured interview study revealed that although tangible costs (i.e., financial losses from primate depredation) primarily drive people's stated tolerance for primate presence, intangible benefits from primates (i.e., their ecological, existence, sentience, and religious values) also critically affect attitudes towards coexistence. Amongst the four species, people associated rhesus macaques with the greatest costs and fewest benefits, lion‐tailed macaques with the lowest costs, and bonnet macaques with the highest benefits. People preferred lion‐tailed macaques and Hanuman langurs more than bonnet and rhesus macaques, and affection for a species shaped how people viewed costs accruing from the species. People's preferences for species were influenced by their existence, ecological, and sentience values more than their religious value. We suggest that intangible benefits influence people's fondness for a primate species and this, in turn, shapes how people perceive costs resulting from the species. Hence strengthening people's perceptions of the intangible benefits they receive from primate species will improve human tolerance for living near primates. We argue that there is a need to understand the context of human–primate conflicts beyond the cost aspects and focus on the benefits to improve human–primate coexistence.
CNT‐containing redox active nanohybrid: a promising ferrocenyl‐based electrode material for outstanding energy storage application
Authors: Payami Elmira , Teimuri‐Mofrad Reza 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRedox‐active porous polymers are promising electrode materials due to various advantages including high specific surface area and porosity, facile synthesizing route, and excellent chemical and thermal stability. Herein, a simple and cost‐effective Schiff base reaction was used to prepare the ferrocene (Fc) containing porous organic polymer (POP) through the formation of a C‐N bond between melamine and 1,1′‐diacetylferrocene. After successful preparation of the Fc‐POP, Fc‐POP/PANI nanohybrid was prepared by the hybridization of synthesized redox‐active polymer with polyaniline (PANI) as a conductive polymer. Finally, the CNT (carbon nanotube)‐containing nanocomposites were prepared by adding various amounts of the CNT to Fc‐POP/PANI nanohybrid. All as‐prepared electrode materials were thoroughly characterized with usual analyses. The Fc‐POP/PANI/CNT20 revealed a high specific capacitance of 494 mAh g−1 at 2.5 A g−1 and excellent charge storage retention (92.1%) over 5000 cycles. Also, the fabricated symmetric cell exhibits a high energy density of 76 W h kg−1 and a high‐power density of 5840 W kg−1.
Rock magnetic study of grave infill as a key to understanding magnetic anomalies on burial ground
Authors: Bondar Kseniia M. , Fassbinder Jörg W. E. , Didenko Serhii V. , Hahn Sandra E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMagnetic prospecting of burial grounds is still a great challenge in the field of archaeological geophysics. Some graves appear as positive anomalies, whereas others do not generate any traces or even show up by negative anomalies. This study involves ground magnetic survey, rock magnetic and magnetic mineralogy examinations of soils to determine factors responsible for the formation of magnetic anomalies on Late Roman time burial grounds of Chernyakhiv–Sântana de Mureş archaeological culture located in the forest‐steppe of Ukraine. We surveyed these sites by a total magnetic field caesium magnetometer in order to target the archaeological excavations. We sampled infill from graves excavated under positive anomalies and profiles of background soils to analyse the enhancement of induced and remanent magnetization. In the laboratory, we examined magnetic mineralogy and measured various magnetic parameters and ratios characterizing concentration and granulometry of ferrimagnetic phase of soils. For further explanations of the magnetic anomalies, we created 3D synthetic magnetic models of the studied objects and compared the calculated total field anomalies with field measurements by their intensity and size. Here, we show how positive magnetic anomalies of destroyed burials are generated when a destruction pit remains open and later topsoil material gradually refilled it with aid of precipitation water. In this case, the infill layers acquire detrital remanence of the same intensity as the topsoil. Such burials are the best targets for magnetic survey. However, archaeological excavations revealed both intact and destroyed inhumations that caused no magnetic disturbance. Obviously, they were refilled immediately after digging/destruction, so that natural remanence of the infill remains mechanically destroyed. The study of this specific category of archaeological monuments brought us closer in the understanding the formation of magnetic anomalies in soil‐filled features and showed the potential and limitations of magnetic prospection.
Topology‐Controlled AIEE of Iminocoumarin Luminophores
Authors: Chattapadhyay Deepta , Mondal Sahabaj , Kumar Santosh , Haldar Debasish 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE) is an unusual phenomenon where luminophores show a higher photoluminescence efficiency in the aggregated and solid state. We report the design and synthesis of a series of luminophores 1–4 with imine functionality at 6 position of coumarin and studied their AIE propensities on self‐assembly. The effect of the topology of the phenolic hydroxyl group on the emission behaviour of the luminophores has been investigated. The imines show significant solvatochromism with high emission in non‐polar solvents, whereas the emission gets quenched in the polar solvent. The fluorescence in the toluene‐hexane mixture arises due to the aggregation of fluorophores and falls under the category of AIEE. Not only the solution state emission of the isomeric iminocoumarin luminophores is notably varied, but also their solid‐state emission found to be significantly different from each other. Moreover, the iminocoumarin 1 selectively recognizes Fe(III) over Fe(II) with a prominent color change. In situ oxidation of Fe(II) with H2O2 exhibits the same effect like Fe(III) and developed a chemical combinational logic gate.
Omega‐3 fatty acids are associated with blood–brain barrier integrity in a healthy aging population
Authors: Barnes Samuel , Chowdhury Shilpy , Gatto Nicole M. , Fraser Gary E. , Lee Grace J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn aging populations, omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been associated with better cognitive function, slower rates of cognitive decline, and lower risk of developing dementia. Animal studies have shown that diets rich in omega‐3 PUFAs reduce blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption associated with aging, but this has yet to be observed in humans.Forty‐five healthy subjects (mean age, 76 years) were recruited and underwent cognitive assessment (verbal learning and memory, language, processing speed, executive function, and motor control) and measurement of PUFAs. Forty of the same subjects also underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to measure BBB integrity (Ktrans using dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI).The long chain omega‐3 score (DHA+EPA) was negatively correlated with Ktrans values in the internal capsule, indicating higher omega‐3 levels were associated with greater BBB integrity in this region (r = –0.525, p = .004). Trends were observed for a positive correlation between the long chain omega‐3 score and both memory and language scores, but not with executive function, speed, or motor control. The omega‐6 score was not significantly correlated with any cognitive scores or Ktrans values.The significant correlations between long chain omega‐3 levels and BBB integrity provide a possible mechanism by which omega‐3 PUFAs are associated with brain health.
The bigger picture of shared decision making: A service design perspective using the care path of locally advanced pancreatic cancer as a case
Authors: Griffioen Ingeborg P. M. , Rietjens Judith A. C. , Melles Marijke , Snelders Dirk , Homs Marjolein Y. V. , van Eijck Casper H. , Stiggelbout Anne M. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPurposeSolutions to improve the implementation of shared decision making (SDM) in oncology often focus on the consultation, with limited effects. In this study, we used a service design perspective on the care path of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC). We aimed to understand how experiences of patients, their significant others, and medical professionals over the entire care path accumulate to support their ability to participate in SDM.Participants and methodsWe used qualitative interviews including design research techniques with 13 patients, 13 significant others, and 11 healthcare professionals, involved in the diagnosis or treatment of LAPC. The topic list was based on the literature and an auto‐ethnography of the illness trajectory by a caregiver who is also a service design researcher. We conducted a thematic content analysis to identify themes influencing the ability to participate in SDM.ResultsWe found four interconnected themes: (1) Decision making is an ongoing and unpredictable process with many decision moments, often unannounced. The unpredictability of the disease course, tumor response to treatment, and consequences of choices on the quality of life complicate decision making; (2) Division of roles, tasks, and collaboration among professionals and between professionals and patients and/or their significant others is often unclear to patients and their significant others; (3) It involves “work” for patients and their significant others to obtain and understand information; (4) In “their disease journey,” patients are confronted with unexpected energy drains and energy boosts, that influence their level of empowerment to participate in SDM.ConclusionThe service design perspective uncovered how the stage for SDM is often set outside the consultation, which might explain the limited effect currently seen of interventions focusing on consultation itself. Our findings serve as a starting point for (re)designing care paths to improve the implementation of SDM in oncology.
Utilising telemental health in a paediatric outpatient psychology clinic: Therapeutic alliance and outcomes
Authors: Frye William S. , Gardner Lauren , Mateus Jazmine S. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe benefits of telehealth for both patients and clinicians are well established, but little is known about patient therapeutic alliance with telehealth for mental health (TMH) services. In the present study, 50 paediatric patients participated in rating therapeutic alliance after receiving psychological services via videoconferencing or in person. Results indicated paediatric patients rated a high level of therapeutic alliance following psychological services provided through either modality. TMH resulted in higher show rates and allowed access to care for paediatric patients who may have otherwise gone unserved due to a variety of factors. Overall, results support that TMH was well received by paediatric patients and suggest it is an effective modality for providing mental health services to paediatric patients who would otherwise not have access to care due to barriers.
Precise regulation of pyrrole‐type single‐atom Mn‐N4 sites for superior pH‐universal oxygen reduction
Authors: Yan Lei , Xie Liyan , Wu Xi‐Lin , Qian Mengying , Chen Jianrong , Zhong Yijun , Hu Yong 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe study of atomically dispersed metal‐nitrogen electrocatalysts is still limited in terms of understanding their catalytic mechanism because of the inability to precisely regulate the coordination number and type of N in combination with the metal elements. Inspired by the high catalytic activity and selectivity of natural enzymes, herein, we have designed and fabricated ultrathin carbon nanosheet‐supported Mn single‐atom catalysts (SACs) with a precise pyrrole‐type Mn‐N4 (PT‐MnN4) configuration using a bio‐mimicking strategy. The PT‐MnN4 SACs display outstanding oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.88 V (vs. revisible hydrogen electrode [RHE]) and extremely high stability in alkaline media. Moreover, superior ORR activities are also obtained, E1/2 of 0.73 V and 0.63 V in acid and neutral electrolytes, respectively, indicating the efficient pH‐universal ORR performances. The assembled zinc–air battery using the PT‐MnN4 SACs as air cathodes exhibits a high peak power density (175 mW cm−2) and long‐term stability up to 150 h, implying its promising application in metal–air batteries. This study has paved the way toward the rational design and precise regulation of single‐atom electrocatalysts.
PdNi/Ni Nanotubes Assembled by Mesoporous Nanoparticles for Efficient Alkaline Ethanol Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Wang Hongjing , Jiao Shiqian , Liu Songliang , Zhang Hugang , Xu You , Li Xiaonian , Wang Ziqiang , Wang Liang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe optimization of structure and composition is essential to improve the performance of catalysts. Herein, mesoporous nanoparticles assembled PdNi/Ni nanotubes (mPdNi/Ni NTs) are successfully fabricated using nickel nanowires as sacrificial template. The combination of nanotubular structure with mesoporous nanoparticle morphology can provide facilitated transfer channels and sufficient active sites, allowing the full contact and reaction between catalysts and reactants. Therefore, the synthesized mPdNi/Ni NTs exhibite superior ethanol oxidation performance to mesoporous Pd nanotubes and commercial Pd black. This study proposes a rational strategy for the development of nanoparticle assembled nanotubes with surface mesoporous morphology, which can greatly improve catalytic performance in various electrocatalytic fields.
One‐Step Synthesis of Photoaffinity Probes for Live‐Cell MS‐Based Proteomics
Authors: Fallon David J. , Lehmann Stephanie , Chung Chun‐wa , Phillipou Alex , Eberl Christian , Fantom Ken G. M. , Zappacosta Francesca , Patel Vipulkumar K. , Bantscheff Marcus , Schofield Christopher J. , Tomkinson Nicholas C. O. , Bush Jacob T. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe present a one‐step Ugi reaction protocol for the expedient synthesis of photoaffinity probes for live‐cell MS‐based proteomics. The reaction couples an amine affinity function with commonly used photoreactive groups, and a variety of handle functionalities. Using this technology, a series of pan‐BET (BET: bromodomain and extra‐terminal domain) selective bromodomain photoaffinity probes were obtained by parallel synthesis. Studies on the effects of photoreactive group, linker length and irradiation wavelength on photocrosslinking efficiency provide valuable insights into photoaffinity probe design. Optimal probes were progressed to MS‐based proteomics to capture the BET family of proteins from live cells and reveal their potential on‐ and off‐target profiles.
The impact of climate change on policy‐relevant indicators of temperature extremes in the United Kingdom
Authors: Arnell Nigel W. , Freeman Anna 
Published: July 2021

AbstractClimate change will increase the frequency of heatwaves in the United Kingdom and reduce the frequency of cold spells. This paper evaluates the effect of changes in climate as represented by UKCP18 climate projections on a series of indicators of heat and cold extremes relevant to policy in the United Kingdom. These indicators are expressed in terms of current critical thresholds beyond which alerts are issued or specific actions implemented, rather than impacts on health and well‐being. The frequency and duration of heatwave and heat–health alerts increase under all scenarios, with the greatest absolute number of events in the south and east of England where the chance of hot weather events affecting worker productivity doubles by the 2020s. Cold weather events – triggering health and social care plans and benefit payments – will become less frequent, but the effects of climate change on cold events are much smaller than on hot events and they will continue to occur. Until at least the 2040s, the projected effects of climate change do not depend strongly on the assumed change in global emissions, and the range in possible changes is primarily determined by uncertainty in the change in temperature in the United Kingdom for a given emissions pathway. Beyond the 2050s, the impacts are strongly dependent on future emissions. Impacts in a high‐emissions world will be considerably larger than in low‐emissions world. The projected increase in heatwave alerts, and the duration and intensity of heatwaves, implies not only a need to review heatwave emergency planning arrangements – looking in particular at what should become regarded as ‘normal’ summer weather – but also increased efforts to reduce vulnerability to extreme heat events. At the same time, cold weather events will still continue to occur with a sufficient frequency that plans need to be maintained.
Presentation, patterns of care, and outcomes of patients with prostate cancer in sub‐Saharan Africa: A population‐based registry study
Authors: Seraphin Tobias Paul , Joko‐Fru Walburga Yvonne , Hämmerl Lucia , Griesel Mirko , Mezger Nikolaus Christian Simon , Feuchtner Jana Cathrin , Adoubi Innocent , Egué Marcel Dieu‐Donné , Okerosi Nathan , Wabinga Henry , Hansen Rolf , Vuma Samukeliso , Lorenzoni Cesaltina , Coulibaly Bourama , Odzebe Sévérin W. , Buziba Nathan Gyabi , Aynalem Abreha , Liu Biying , Medenwald Daniel , Mikolajczyk Rafael T. , Efstathiou Jason Alexander , Parkin Donald Maxwell , Jemal Ahmedin , Kantelhardt Eva Johanna 
Published: July 2021

BackgroundAlthough prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men of sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), little is known about its management and survival. The objective of the current study was to describe the presentation, patterns of diagnosis, treatment, and survival of patients with PCa in 10 countries of SSA.MethodsIn this observational registry study with data collection from 2010 to 2018, the authors drew a random sample of 738 patients with PCa who were registered in 11 population‐based cancer registries. They described proportions of patients receiving recommended care and presented survival estimates. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios comparing the survival of patients with and without cancer‐directed therapies (CDTs).ResultsThe study included 693 patients, and tumor characteristics and treatment information were available for 365 patients, 37.3% of whom had metastatic disease. Only 11.2% had a complete diagnostic workup for risk stratification. Among the nonmetastatic patients, 17.5% received curative‐intent therapy, and 27.5% received no CDT. Among the metastatic patients, 59.6% received androgen deprivation therapy. The 3‐ and 5‐year age‐standardized relative survival for 491 patients with survival time information was 58.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 48.5%‐67.7%) and 56.9% (95% CI, 39.8%‐70.9%), respectively. In a multivariable analysis, survival was considerably poorer among patients without CDT versus those with therapy.ConclusionsThis study shows that a large proportion of patients with PCa in SSA are not staged or are insufficiently staged and undertreated, and this results in unfavorable survival. These findings reemphasize the need for improving diagnostic workup and access to care in SSA in order to mitigate the heavy burden of the disease in the region.
Chlorides, other Halides, and Pseudo‐Halides as Additives for the Fabrication of Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Cheng Fei , Zhang Jie , Pauporté Thierry 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) are attracting a tremendous attention from the scientific community due to their excellent power conversion efficiency, low cost, and great promise for the future of solar energy. The best PSCs have already achieved a certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.5 % after an unprecedented rapid performance rise. However, high requirements with respect to large area, high‐efficiency devices, and stability are still the challenges. Major efforts, especially for achieving a high degree of chemical control, have been made to reach these targets. The use of halide additives has played a critical role in improving the efficiency and stability. The present paper reviews the important breakthroughs in PSC technologies made by using halide additives, especially chloride, and pseudo‐halide additives for the preparation of the perovskite layers, other layers, and interfaces of the devices. These additives help perovskite (PVK) crystallization and layer morphology control, grain boundary reduction, bulk and interface defects passivation, and so on. Normally, these halide additives play different roles depending on their categories and their location. Herein, recent progresses made due to additives employment in every possible layer of PSCs are reviewed, with focus on chloride, other halides, and pseudo‐halides as additives in PVK films, halide additives in carrier transport layers, and at PVK‐contact interfaces. Finally, an outlook of engineering of these additives in PSC progress is given.
Recent progress in plasmonic nanoparticle‐based biomarker detection and cytometry for the study of central nervous system disorders
Authors: Peng Fei , Jeong Sinyoung , Ho Alexander , Evans Conor L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNeurological disorders affect hundreds of millions of people around the world, are often life‐threatening, untreatable, and can result in debilitating symptoms. The high prevalence of these disorders, which feature biochemical or structural abnormalities in neuronal systems, has spurned innovations in both rapid and early detection to assist in the selection of appropriate treatment strategies to improve the patients' quality of life. Plasmonic nanoparticles (PNPs), a versatile and promising class of nanomaterials, are widely utilized in numerous imaging techniques, drug delivery systems, and biomarker detection methods. Recently, PNP‐based nanoprobes have attracted considerable attention for the early diagnosis of neurological disorders. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), with high local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) signals, have been particularly well exploited as probes for dynamic biomarker detection, with quantification sensitivity demonstrated down to the single‐molecule level. In this review, we will discuss the possibilities of PNPs in the methodological development for rapid neurological disease identification. In addition, we will also describe a new digital cytometry method that combines dark‐field imaging and machine learning for precise biomarker enumeration on single cells. The aim of this review is to attract researchers working on the future development of new plasmonic nanoprobe‐based strategies for the diagnosis of neurological disorders.