bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric lymphoma patients in Malawi present with poor health‐related quality of life at diagnosis and improve throughout treatment and follow‐up across all Pediatric PROMIS‐25 domains
Authors: Ellis Grace K. , Chapman Hutton , Manda Agness , Salima Ande , Itimu Salama , Banda Grace , Seguin Ryan , Manda Geoffrey , Butia Mercy , Huibers Minke , Ozuah Nmazuo , Tilly Alyssa , Stover Angela M. , Basch Ethan , Gopal Satish , Reeve Bryce B. , Westmoreland Katherine D. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatient‐reportedoutcomes (PROs) that assess health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) are increasingly important components of cancer care and research that are infrequently used in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA).MethodsWe administered the Chichewa Pediatric Patient‐Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Pediatric (PROMIS)‐25 at diagnosis, active treatment, and follow‐up among pediatric lymphoma patients in Lilongwe, Malawi. Mean scores were calculated for the six PROMIS‐25 HRQoL domains (Mobility, Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms, Fatigue, Peer Relationships, Pain Interference). Differences in HRQoL throughout treatment were compared using the minimally important difference (MID) and an ANOVA analysis. Kaplan–Meier survival estimates and Cox hazard ratios for mortality are reported.ResultsSeventy‐five children completed PROMIS‐25 surveys at diagnosis, 35 (47%) during active treatment, and 24 (32%) at follow‐up. The majority of patients died (n = 37, 49%) or were lost to follow‐up (n = 6, 8%). Most (n = 51, 68%) were male, median age was 10 (interquartile range [IQR] 8–12), 48/73 (66%) presented with advanced stage III/IV, 61 (81%) were diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma and 14 (19%) Hodgkin lymphoma. At diagnosis, HRQoL was poor across all domains, except for Peer Relationships. Improvements in HRQoL during active treatment and follow‐up exceeded the MID. On exploratory analysis, fair‐poor PROMIS Mobility <40 and severe Pain Intensity = 10 at diagnosis were associated with increased mortality risk and worse survival, but were not statistically significant.ConclusionsPediatric lymphoma patients in Malawi present with poor HRQoL that improves throughout treatment and survivorship. Baseline PROMIS scores may provide important prognostic information. PROs offer an opportunity to include patient voices and prioritize holistic patient‐centered care in low‐resource settings.
Spatial variation of migrant‐native mortality differentials by duration of residence in Belgium: A story of partial convergence
Authors: Neels Karel , Wood Jonas , Surkyn Johan , Gadeyne Sylvie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious studies have repeatedly shown that all‐cause mortality is subject to spatial variation within countries and that acculturation of migrant mortality to native patterns occurs gradually with increasing duration of residence. This suggests that spatial variation in mortality is likely to differ between migrants and natives and that the migrant mortality advantage may be subject to strong variation between local settings. Using longitudinal microdata from the Belgian census, the population register, and the tax registers for 2011–2015, this article contributes to our understanding of migrant‐native mortality differentials by considering subnational spatial variation in the mortality advantage, settlement patterns of migrant groups, and varying degrees of acculturation by duration of residence. Consistent with the health selection hypothesis and the migration as a rapid health transition hypothesis, spatial variation in all‐cause mortality is limited among migrants with durations of residence under 30 years, resulting in strong variation of the mortality advantage between districts. Partial convergence to the spatial pattern of natives emerges among first generation migrants with durations of residence exceeding 30 years, as well as the intermediate and second generation. In Belgium, the country‐level mortality advantage can be partially accounted for by the settlement pattern of the migrant population in districts characterised by high native mortality and large migrant‐native differentials in all‐cause mortality.
A Review of the Evidence on Tier 1 Instruction for Readers With Dyslexia
Authors: Shanahan Timothy 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTIn this article, I provide an examination of research evidence concerning the effects of classroom instruction (Tier 1) for students with dyslexia and other reading problems. I discuss the suitability and limitations of different types of research evidence that may be used to determine how best to support the learning of these students in the classroom (e.g., studies of the effects of classroom instruction on average reading achievement, studies of special interventions for students with reading problems). I then examine research on the impact on learning of amount of classroom instruction, the curriculum or content of classroom instruction, and the quality of classroom instruction. Because the preponderance of research has focused on what needs to be taught to students to improve their reading achievement, in that portion of the review, I focus on the results of 32 meta‐analyses rather than individual studies. These meta‐analyses addressed a wide range of topics, including phonemic awareness, decoding, oral reading fluency, reading comprehension strategies, writing, and various aspects of language and text structure. Finally, I provide a best estimate of beneficial approaches to classroom instruction for students with dyslexia and identify gaps and limitations in this evidentiary base.
Advancement towards Antibiotic Remediation: Heterostructure and Composite materials
Authors: Bhattacharyya Puja , Basak Sanchari , Chakrabarti Sandip 
Published: August 2021

AbstractToday's world is on the verge of antibiotic pollution by humans, veterinary therapeutics polluting our water body, and on account of the scarcity in advanced water treatment techniques in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). It is of enormous importance to have an insight into various kinds of antibiotics and their attributes. The primary aspects of antimicrobial resistance caused by antibiotic pollution in the environment have been briefly enlightened. Here the nature and occurrence of antibiotics accumulation in the environment and a world pollution scenario have been illustrated. Adsorption and photocatalysis are the most standard techniques used for remediation. The well‐known nano photocatalyst heterostructure materials Titanium dioxide (TiO2), bismuth (Bi) materials are also utilized as the main frame materials for the composites and heterostructures. Alternatively, the porous carbon‐based materials and metal‐organic framework (MOF) materialsare entitled to their excellent adsorption capability. This review portrays comprehensive insight into the advances and breakthroughs made so far by different heterostructures and nanocomposite materials for antibiotics removal and provides a road map to future researchers towards a more efficient water treatment system.
Cross‐Coupling‐Cyclocondensation Reaction Sequence to Access a Library of Ring‐C Bridged Pyrimidino‐tetrahydrothebaines and Pyrimidinotetrahydrooripavines
Authors: Finke Anastasija O. , Ravaeva Marina Y. , Krasnov Vyacheslav I. , Cheretaev Igor V. , Chuyan Elena N. , Baev Dmitry S. , Shults Elvira E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRing‐C bridged 1‐(pyrimidinyl)tetrahydrothebaines were convenience synthesized by a consecutive three‐component alkynylation–cyclocondensation sequence starting from 1‐ethynyl‐7α,8α‐(2,5‐dioxo‐N‐phenylpyrrolidino)‐[3,4‐h]‐6,14‐endo‐etheno‐tetrahydrothebaine, aroyl chlorides, and amidinium hydrochlorides. Several derivatizations and transformations of selected 1‐pyrimidinyl substituted tetrahydrothebaines were carried out. The analgesic activity of new type of hybrid compounds in the tail‐flick test in rats was evaluated. The data revealed that the antinociceptive potency was stroungly depended on the nature of the substituent in the C‐6 position of the pyrimidine nucleus. Docking study was undertaken to gain insight into the possible binding mode with the μ‐opioid receptor.
Eco‐Friendly and Scalable Synthesis of Fullerenols with High Free Radical Scavenging Ability for Skin Radioprotection
Authors: Zhao Maoru , Wang Chengyan , Xie Jiani , Ji Chao , Gu Zhanjun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRadiation dermatitis is a common but torturous side effect during radiotherapy, which greatly decreases the life quality of patients and potentially results in detrimental cessation of tumor treatment. Fullerenol, known as “free radical sponge,” is a great choice for skin radioprotection because of its broad‐spectrum free radical scavenging performance, good chemical stability, and biosafety. In this work, a facile scalable and eco‐friendly synthetic method of fullerenols by catalyst assistant mechanical chemistry strategy is provided. As no organic solvent or high concentration of acid and alkali is introduced to this synthetic system, large‐scale (>20 g) production of fullerenols with high yield (>95%) is obtained and no complicated purification is required. Then, the skin radioprotective performance of fullerenols is systematically explored for the first time. In vitro results indicate that fullerenols significantly block the reactive oxygen species‐induced damage and enhance the viability of irradiated human keratinocyte cells. In vivo experiments suggest that medical sodium hyaluronate hydrogels loaded with fullerenols are suitable for skin administration and powerfully mitigate radiodermatitis via effectively protecting epidermal stem cells. The work not only provides an efficient gram‐scale and eco‐friendly synthetic method of fullerenols, but also promotes the development of fullerenols as potential skin radioprotectors.
Understanding Electrical Conduction and Nanopore Formation During Controlled Breakdown
Authors: Fried Jasper P. , Swett Jacob L. , Nadappuram Binoy Paulose , Fedosyuk Aleksandra , Sousa Pedro Miguel , Briggs Dayrl P. , Ivanov Aleksandar P. , Edel Joshua B. , Mol Jan A. , Yates James R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractControlled breakdown has recently emerged as a highly appealing technique to fabricate solid‐state nanopores for a wide range of biosensing applications. This technique relies on applying an electric field of approximately 0.4–1 V nm−1 across the membrane to induce a current, and eventually, breakdown of the dielectric. Although previous studies have performed controlled breakdown under a range of different conditions, the mechanism of conduction and breakdown has not been fully explored. Here, electrical conduction and nanopore formation in SiNx membranes during controlled breakdown is studied. It is demonstrated that for Si‐rich SiNx, oxidation reactions that occur at the membrane‐electrolyte interface limit conduction across the dielectric. However, for stoichiometric Si3N4 the effect of oxidation reactions becomes relatively small and conduction is predominately limited by charge transport across the dielectric. Several important implications resulting from understanding this process are provided which will aid in further developing controlled breakdown in the coming years, particularly for extending this technique to integrate nanopores with on‐chip nanostructures.
Ta2Ni3Se8: 1D van der Waals Material with Ambipolar Behavior
Authors: Choi Kyung Hwan , Jeong Byung Joo , Jeon Jiho , Chung You Kyoung , Sung Dongchul , Yoon Sang Ok , Chae Sudong , Kim Bum Jun , Oh Seungbae , Lee Sang Hoon , Woo Chaeheon , Dong Xue , Ghulam Asghar , Ali Junaid , Kim Tae Yeong , Seo Minji , Lee Jae‐Hyun , Huh Joonsuk , Yu Hak Ki , Choi Jae‐Young 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, high‐purity and centimeter‐scale bulk Ta2Ni3Se8 crystals are obtained by controlling the growth temperature and stoichiometric ratio between tantalum, nickel, and selenium. It is demonstrated that the bulk Ta2Ni3Se8 crystals could be effectively exfoliated into a few chain‐scale nanowires through simple mechanical exfoliation and liquid‐phase exfoliation. Also, the calculation of electronic band structures confirms that Ta2Ni3Se8 is a semiconducting material with a small bandgap. A field‐effect transistor is successfully fabricated on the mechanically exfoliated Ta2Ni3Se8 nanowires. Transport measurements at room temperature reveal that Ta2Ni3Se8 nanowires exhibit ambipolar semiconducting behavior with maximum mobilities of 20.3 and 3.52 cm2 V−1 s−1 for electrons and holes, respectively. The temperature‐dependent transport measurement (from 90 to 295 K) confirms the carrier transport mechanism of Ta2Ni3Se8 nanowires. Based on these characteristics, the obtained 1D vdW material is expected to be a potential candidate for additional 1D materials as channel materials.
Improving Na/Na3Zr2Si2PO12 Interface via SnOx/Sn Film for High‐Performance Solid‐State Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Jiayi , Xu Henghui , Wu Jingyi , Gao Zhonghui , Hu Fei , Wei Ying , Li Yuyu , Liu Dezhong , Li Zhen , Huang Yunhui 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSodium (Na) metal batteries have attracted much attention due to their rich resources, low cost, and high energy density. As a promising solid electrolyte, Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NZSP) is expected to be used in solid‐state Na metal batteries addressing the safety concerns. However, due to the poor contact between NZSP and the Na metal, the interfacial resistance is too large to gain proper performance for practical solid‐state batteries (SSBs) application. Here, a SnOx/Sn film is successfully introduced to improve the interface between Na and NZSP for enhancing the electrochemical performance of SSBs. As a result, the Na/NZSP interfacial resistance is dramatically reduced from 581 to 3 Ω cm2. The modified Na||Na symmetric cell keeps cycling over 1500 h with an overpotential of 40 mV at 0.1 mA cm–2 at room temperature. Even at current densities of 0.3 and 0.5 mA cm–2, the cell still maintains an excellent cyclability. When coupled with NaTi2(PO4)3 and a Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, the full‐cell demonstrates a good performance at 0.2 C and 1 C, respectively. The present work provides an effective way to solve the interface issue of SSBs.
Solar LFR system with new cavity reflector employing DO model
Authors: Ebrahimpour Zahra , Farshad Seyyed Ali , Sheikholeslami Mohsen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn current context, to achieve lower heat loss in Linear Fresnel reflector (LFR) unit, innovative configuration for cavity has been offered. This cavity consists of one hot circular wall and two inclined adiabatic walls. The below wall is made of glass and connect with outside air flow. The operating fluid is air and its features were temperature dependent. Inclination angle (θ), wind speed and circular wall temperature are variable factors. Both thermal and irreversibility behavior were analyzed in outputs. Finite volume method (FVM) was utilized for such 2D problem involving radiation source term. The incident radiation contours were reported which were obtained by implement of discrete ordinates (DO) model. Verification was done with comparing data with that of previous numerical publication. Stream function augments about 87.5% with augmentation of θ while changing the hot temperature cannot affect the strength of the eddy. Radiation mode is directly relevant to temperature difference, so lower glass temperature provides lower incident radiation. At lowest Th, augment of θ offers reduction in glass temperature and incident radiation about 2.27% and 12.94%. Given θ = 120o, reduce of Tr makes cold temperature to increase about 20.59%. Owing to augmentation of heat loss with rise of Th, θ and wind speed; all factors have direct relation with Nu and Nur. Temperature of circular wall has highest influence on Nu. With assumption of minimum values of other factors, Nu augments 19.63% and 65.07% with rise of hext and θ while it declines about 89.59% with increase of Tr. Irreversibility decreases about 86.38% with rise of Tr when θ = 120o, hext = 20. Given Th = 673 K, hext = 20, total entropy augments about 6.75% with employing greater angle.
Theories of Meaning for the Internet of Things
Authors: Färber Michael , Svetashova Yulia , Harth Andreas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this chapter, we consider the theoretical foundations for representing knowledge in the Internet of Things context. Specifically, we consider (1) themodel-theoretic semantics(i.e.,extensional semantics), (2) thepossible-world semantics(i.e.,intensional semantics), (3) thesituation semantics, and (4) thecognitive/distributional semantics. Given the peculiarities of the Internet of Things, we pay particular attention to (a) perception(i.e., how to establish a connection to the world), (b) intersubjectivity(i.e., how to align world representations), and (c) thedynamicsof world knowledge (i.e., how to model events). We come to the conclusion that each of the semantic theories helps in modeling specific aspects, but does not sufficiently address all three aspects simultaneously.
The Making of Evident Expertise: Transforming Chemical Analytical Methods into Judicial Evidence
Authors: Carrier Marcus B. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the question of how forensic toxicologists established the credibility of chemical analytical methods in poisoning lawsuits in the nineteenth century. After encountering the problem of laypersons in court, forensic toxicologists attempted to find strategies to make their evidence compelling to an untrained audience. Three of these strategies are discussed here: redundancy, standard methods, and intuitive comprehensibility. Whereas redundancy was not very practical and legally prescribed standard methods were not very popular with most forensic toxicologists, intuitive comprehensibility proved effective and popular. This strategy relied on employing methods which did not require chemical knowledge to be understandable. The methods aimed to generate a visual aid and to be obvious in their results. Two forms of this strategy are discussed here: the presentation of the actual material and explicit comparison. I argue that this shift towards presenting forensic toxicology expertise as evident represents an important step in the history of forensic expertise.
The globalization theorem for the Curvature-Dimension condition
Authors: Cavalletti Fabio , Milman Emanuel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Lott–Sturm–Villani Curvature-Dimension condition provides a synthetic notion for a metric-measure space to have Ricci-curvature bounded from below and dimension bounded from above. We prove that it is enough to verify this condition locally: an essentially non-branching metric-measure space $$(X,\mathsf {d},{\mathfrak {m}})$$

(
X
,
d
,
m
)

(so that $$(\text {supp}({\mathfrak {m}}),\mathsf {d})$$

(
supp
(
m
)
,
d
)

is a length-space and $${\mathfrak {m}}(X) < \infty $$

m
(
X
)
<
∞

) verifying the local Curvature-Dimension condition $${\mathsf {CD}}_{loc}(K,N)$$

CD

loc

(
K
,
N
)

with parameters $$K \in {\mathbb {R}}$$

K
∈
R

and $$N \in (1,\infty )$$

N
∈
(
1
,
∞
)

, also verifies the global Curvature-Dimension condition $${\mathsf {CD}}(K,N)$$

CD
(
K
,
N
)

. In other words, the Curvature-Dimension condition enjoys the globalization (or local-to-global) property, answering a question which had remained open since the beginning of the theory. For the proof, we establish an equivalence between $$L^1$$

L
1

- and $$L^2$$

L
2

-optimal-transport–based interpolation. The challenge is not merely a technical one, and several new conceptual ingredients which are of independent interest are developed: an explicit change-of-variables formula for densities of Wasserstein geodesics depending on a second-order temporal derivative of associated Kantorovich potentials; a surprising third-order theory for the latter Kantorovich potentials, which holds in complete generality on any proper geodesic space; and a certain rigidity property of the change-of-variables formula, allowing us to bootstrap the a-priori available regularity. As a consequence, numerous variants of the Curvature-Dimension condition proposed by various authors throughout the years are shown to, in fact, all be equivalent in the above setting, thereby unifying the theory.
Impact of Tumor Burden Score on Conditional Survival after Curative‐Intent Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Multi‐Institutional Analysis
Authors: Elfadaly Ahmed N. , Tsilimigras Diamantis I. , Hyer J. Madison , Paro Alessandro , Bagante Fabio , Ratti Francesca , Marques Hugo P. , Soubrane Olivier , Lam Vincent , Poultsides George A. , Popescu Irinel , Alexandrescu Sorin , Martel Guillaume , Workneh Aklile , Guglielmi Alfredo , Hugh Tom , Aldrighetti Luca , Endo Itaru , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of tumor burden score (TBS) on conditional survival (CS) among patients undergoing curative‐intent resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been examined to date.MethodsPatients who underwent liver resection of HCC between 2000 and 2017 were identified from a multi‐institutional database. The impact of TBS and other clinicopathologic factors on 3‐year conditional survival (CS3) was examined.ResultsAmong 1,040 patients, 263 (25.3%) patients had low TBS, 668 (64.2%) had medium TBS and 109 (10.5%) had high TBS. TBS was strongly associated with OS; 5‐year OS was 39.0% among patients with high TBS compared with 61.1% and 79.4% among patients with medium and low TBS, respectively (p < 0.001). While actuarial survival decreased as time elapsed from resection, CS increased over time irrespective of TBS. The largest differences between 3‐year actuarial survival and CS3 were noted among patients with high TBS (5‐years postoperatively; CS3: 78.7% vs. 3‐year actuarial survival: 30.7%). The effect of adverse clinicopathologic factors including high TBS, poor/undifferentiated tumor grade, microvascular invasion, liver capsule involvement, and positive margins on prognosis decreased over time.ConclusionsCS rates among patients who underwent resection for HCC increased as patients survived additional years, irrespective of TBS. CS estimates can be used to provide important dynamic information relative to the changing survival probability after resection of HCC.