bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intimate partner violence against women on the Colombia Ecuador border: a mixed-methods analysis of the liminal migrant experience
Authors: Keating Colleen , Treves-Kagan Sarah , Buller Ana Maria 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) has serious long-term health and psychological consequences and is highly prevalent in Latin America and among displaced populations. Liminality - the ambiguous in-between state of individuals completing a migratory journey - represents a state of legal, economic, and physical insecurity. Through the framework of liminality, this analysis seeks to understand the unique challenges faced by displaced Colombian women in Ecuador including their experience of IPV.MethodsWe performed a secondary analysis of 15 in-depth interviews and 319 longitudinal surveys, conducted on the border of Ecuador and Colombia, following a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design. We analysed interviews thematically and mapped the main themes onto complementary quantitative variables. We conducted logistic regression with identified risk and protective factors (measured at time 1) and recent IPV (measured at time 2), controlling for demographic characteristics and IPV at time 1.ResultsOur mixed-methods analysis revealed four main mechanisms by which displacement influenced the social and economic realities of Colombian women years after crossing the border, compounding their risk of IPV and limiting their ability to escape it. Lack of legal residence and documentation, violence experienced along life course and migratory continuums which increased their risk for later revictimisation, social isolation including loss of support networks and restricted mobility and lastly, financial stress.ConclusionsThis research highlights the critical importance of supporting the economic and social integration of migrants and refugees in host communities, as well as the need to carefully consider migration-related vulnerabilities in IPV prevention and response interventions. As the regional refugee crisis grows, policy makers must consider how the long-term marginalisation of refugee women contributes to their victimisation. This research also supports the idea of incorporating gender synchronised, transformative IPV prevention and response programmes into migration-related and poverty alleviation international development efforts.
Emotional symptoms and their related factors in adolescents during the acute phase of Covid-19 outbreak in South Italy
Authors: Pisano Simone , Catone Gennaro , Gritti Antonella , Almerico Luisa , Pezzella Anna , Santangelo Pia , Bravaccio Carmela , Iuliano Raffaella , Senese Vincenzo Paolo 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Several studies have shown that during COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, emotional symptoms increased in the general population. Less is known about youths.

Methods
We surveyed a sample of Italian adolescents during the strictest quarantine period and assessed the effects of socio-demographic and psychological factors on current emotional symptoms. A convenient sample of 326 adolescents (age range 14–19 years) participated in a web-based survey. We collected data on several socio-demographic and psychological variables (summarized into three indexes: environmental context, changes in lifestyle, and worries about infection) and psychopathological symptoms (previous psychopathological status, current anxiety and depressive symptoms).

Results
Descriptive analysis showed that adolescents have experienced quarantine under very different conditions; they reported 47.5 and 14.1% of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. Regression analyses indicated that previous psychopathological status and worries about infection are linked to anxiety and that female gender, previous psychopathological status (moderated by change in lifestyle), worse environmental context are linked to depression.

Conclusion
This study indicates that, facing the COVID-19 pandemic and its related safety measures, adolescents show relevant emotional symptoms and therefore should be monitored, assessed and supported.
The COVID-19 pandemic and new clinical trial activations
Authors: Unger Joseph M. , Xiao Hong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused severe disruptions in care for many patients. A key question is whether the landscape of clinical research has also changed.

Methods
In a retrospective cohort study, we examined the association of the COVID-19 outbreak with new clinical trial activations. Trial data for all interventional and observational oncology, cardiovascular, and mental health studies from January 2015 through September 2020 were obtained from ClinicalTrials.gov. An interrupted time-series analysis with Poisson regression was used.

Results
We examined 62,252 trial activations. During the initial COVID-19 outbreak (February 2020 through May 2020), model-estimated monthly trial activations for US-based studies were only 57% of the expected estimate had the pandemic not occurred (relative risk = 0.57, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.61, p < .001). For non-US-based studies, the impact of the pandemic was less dramatic (relative risk = 0.77, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.82, p < .001), resulting in an overall 27% reduction in the relative risk of new trial activations for US-based trials compared to non-US-based trials (relative risk ratio = 0.73, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.81, p < .001). Although a rebound occurred in the initial reopening phase (June 2020 through September 2020), the rebound was weaker for US-based studies compared to non-US-based studies (relative risk ratio = 0.87, 95% CI 0.80 to 0.95, p < .001).

Conclusions
These findings are consistent with the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 diagnoses and deaths during the initial phase of the pandemic in the USA. Reduced activation of cancer clinical trials will likely slow the pace of clinical research and new drug discovery, with long-term negative consequences for cancer patients. An important question is whether the renewed outbreak period of winter 2020/2021 will have a similarly negative impact on the initiation of new clinical research studies for non-COVID-19 diseases.
Characterization of simultaneous uptake of xylose and glucose in Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis for optimal hydrogen production
Authors: Vongkampang Thitiwut , Sreenivas Krishnan , Engvall Jonathan , Grey Carl , van Niel Ed W. J. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis has gained interest for its ability to grow on various lignocellulosic biomass. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth profiles of C. kronotskyensis in the presence of mixtures of glucose–xylose. Recently, we characterized a diauxic-like pattern for C. saccharolyticus on lignocellulosic sugar mixtures. In this study, we aimed to investigate further whether C. kronotskyensis has adapted to uptake glucose in the disaccharide form (cellobiose) rather than the monosaccharide (glucose).

Results
Interestingly, growth of C. kronotskyensis on glucose and xylose mixtures did not display diauxic-like growth patterns. Closer investigation revealed that, in contrast to C. saccharolyticus, C. kronotskyensis does not possess a second uptake system for glucose. Both C. saccharolyticus and C. kronotskyensis share the characteristics of preferring xylose over glucose. Growth on xylose was twice as fast (μmax = 0.57 h−1) as on glucose (μmax = 0.28 h−1). A study of the sugar uptake was made with different glucose–xylose ratios to find a kinetic relationship between the two sugars for transport into the cell. High concentrations of glucose inhibited xylose uptake and vice versa. The inhibition constants were estimated to be KI,glu = 0.01 cmol L−1 and KI,xyl = 0.001 cmol L−1, hence glucose uptake was more severely inhibited by xylose uptake. Bioinformatics analysis could not exclude that C. kronotskyensis possesses more than one transporter for glucose. As a next step it was investigated whether glucose uptake by C. kronotskyensis improved in the form of cellobiose. Indeed, cellobiose is taken up faster than glucose; nevertheless, the growth rate on each sugar remained similar.

Conclusions
C. kronotskyensis possesses a xylose transporter that might take up glucose at an inferior rate even in the absence of xylose. Alternatively, glucose can be taken up in the form of cellobiose, but growth performance is still inferior to growth on xylose. Therefore, we propose that the catabolism of C. kronotskyensis has adapted more strongly to pentose rather than hexose, thereby having obtained a specific survival edge in thermophilic lignocellulosic degradation communities.
Effect of blood source on vector competence of Culex pipiens biotypes for Usutu virus
Authors: Abbo Sandra R. , Visser Tessa M. , Koenraadt Constantianus J. M. , Pijlman Gorben P. , Wang Haidong 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Infectious blood meal experiments have been frequently performed with different virus-vector combinations to assess the transmission potential of arthropod-borne (arbo)viruses. A wide variety of host blood sources have been used to deliver arboviruses to their arthropod vectors in laboratory studies. The type of blood used during vector competence experiments does not always reflect the blood from the viremic vertebrate hosts in the field, but little is known about the effect of blood source on the experimental outcome of vector competence studies. Here we investigated the effect of avian versus human blood on the infection and transmission rates of the zoonotic Usutu virus (USUV) in its primary mosquito vector Culex pipiens.

Methods
Cx. pipiens biotypes (pipiens and molestus) were orally infected with USUV through infectious blood meals containing either chicken or human whole blood. The USUV infection and transmission rates were determined by checking mosquito bodies and saliva for USUV presence after 14 days of incubation at 28 °C. In addition, viral titers were determined for USUV-positive mosquito bodies and saliva.

Results
Human and chicken blood lead to similar USUV transmission rates for Cx. pipiens biotype pipiens (18% and 15%, respectively), while human blood moderately but not significantly increased the transmission rate (30%) compared to chicken blood (17%) for biotype molestus. USUV infection rates with human blood were consistently higher in both Cx. pipiens biotypes compared to chicken blood. In virus-positive mosquitoes, USUV body and saliva titers did not differ between mosquitoes taking either human or chicken blood. Importantly, biotype molestus had much lower USUV saliva titers compared to biotype pipiens, regardless of which blood was offered.

Conclusions
Infection of mosquitoes with human blood led to higher USUV infection rates as compared to chicken blood. However, the blood source had no effect on the vector competence for USUV. Interestingly, biotype molestus is less likely to transmit USUV compared to biotype pipiens due to very low virus titers in the saliva.

Graphical Abstract
Dynamically localizing multiple speakers based on the time-frequency domain
Authors: Hammer Hodaya , Chazan Shlomo E. , Goldberger Jacob , Gannot Sharon 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, we present a deep neural network-based online multi-speaker localization algorithm based on a multi-microphone array. Following the W-disjoint orthogonality principle in the spectral domain, time-frequency (TF) bin is dominated by a single speaker and hence by a single direction of arrival (DOA). A fully convolutional network is trained with instantaneous spatial features to estimate the DOA for each TF bin. The high-resolution classification enables the network to accurately and simultaneously localize and track multiple speakers, both static and dynamic. Elaborated experimental study using simulated and real-life recordings in static and dynamic scenarios demonstrates that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms both classic and recent deep-learning-based algorithms. Finally, as a byproduct, we further show that the proposed method is also capable of separating moving speakers by the application of the obtained TF masks.
Some generalized Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér inequality for convex functions
Authors: Vivas-Cortez Miguel , Kórus Péter , Nápoles Valdés Juan E. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we have established some generalized inequalities of Hermite–Hadamard–Fejér type for generalized integrals. The results obtained are applied for fractional integrals of various type and therefore contain some previous results reported in the literature.
A case of simultaneous laparoscopic surgery for double cancer comprising multiple early gastric cancer and advanced sigmoid colon cancer after revascularization
Authors: Takiguchi Koichi , Furuya Shinji , Sudo Makoto , Hirayama Kazuyoshi , Saito Ryo , Yamamoto Atsushi , Shoda Katsutoshi , Akaike Hidenori , Hosomura Naohiro , Kawaguchi Yoshihiko , Amemiya Hidetake , Kawaida Hiromichi , Kono Hiroshi , Ichikawa Daisuke 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Traditionally, the surgery for simultaneous double cancer of the stomach and colon required a large incision to the upper and lower region of the abdomen. In this case, an artificial blood vessel was located under the skin after revascularization. Considering ischemia due to graft compression by incision retractor during laparotomy, this was difficult to do. This is a report on laparoscopic surgery for simultaneous double cancer of the stomach and colon after revascularization.

Case presentation
A 69-year-old man had early gastric cancer and advanced sigmoid colon cancer. He had suffered from thromboangitis obliterans and has undergone revascularization many times due to poor blood flow in his lower limbs. He had had some artificial blood vessels inserted under the skin, confirmed by blood vessel construction image by preoperative computed tomography (CT). There was a bypass vessel from the left axillary artery to the left femoral artery under the skin of the left thoracoabdominal. In addition, there were two bypass vessels from the left external iliac artery to the right femoral artery under the skin of the lower abdomen. One of the two bypasses was occluded. In the blood flow to the intestinal tract, the inferior mesenteric artery was already occluded. Peripheral blood flow in the common iliac artery depended on blood flow from the artificial blood vessel, and blood flow from the internal iliac artery to the rectum was poor. Laparoscopic Hartmann’s operation was performed for Stage II B (UICC 8th Edition) sigmoid colon cancer. Because the blood flow in the intestinal tract on the anal side was poor, we thought that anastomosis was at a high risk for leakage. Laparoscopic total gastrectomy was also performed simultaneously for two Stage I (UICC 8th edition) gastric cancers in the cardia and body. The location of the port site and stoma was carefully determined preoperatively to prevent damage and infection to the artificial blood vessels. Minimal invasive surgery was performed using laparoscopic surgery.

Conclusions
Laparoscopic surgery with small incisions is useful for patients with double cancer who need an approach to the upper and lower abdomen. Furthermore, laparoscopic surgery has less interference on graft in patients with artificial blood vessels under the skin by intraperitoneal approach.
Obesity paradigm and web-based weight loss programs: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Jahangiry Leila , Farhangi Mahdieh Abbasalizad 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds
Web-based therapeutic approaches are new and attractive tools for primary health care systems due to their time and cost-saving nature and their accessibility for different populations. The aim of the current systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the results of studies evaluating the effect of web-based interventional programs on weight loss among overweight and obese individuals.

Methods
A literature review from 2000 to 2016 was conducted. Studies were included in the study if they had adult participants with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2, a web-user intervention arm, and a non-web user control arm, with the primary aim of weight loss. Weight change in the interventional group versus control group was pooled with the random-effect model. Data were extracted on sample characteristics, drop-outs, weight loss, intervention duration, and the amount of weight loss. The mean weighted difference and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.

Results
Eight studies met the inclusion criteria and included in the final model. Overall, using the web-based interventions had a weak non-significant effect on weight loss in overweight and obese individuals (WMD 0.56 kg, CI − 3.474, 4.592; P = 0.786). The most important reason was the unadjusted baseline weight of experimental and control groups in included studies, although the stratified analysis showed that, low study quality score and not using feedback and goal-setting in the study were the main factors diminishing the effectiveness of web-based intervention treatment group.

Conclusion
The results of the current meta-analysis indicated no effectiveness of web-based interventional programs in the weight loss of overweight and obese individuals. Although the great between-study heterogeneity and a small number of included studies further highlight the need for additional researches in this field.
Electronic structure, magnetic properties, and elastic properties of full-Heusler alloys Cr2-xFexMnSi (x=0, 1, and 2)
Authors: Wu Chuang , Zheng Wei , Si Nan , Li Chunmei , Zhang Yanli , Jiang Wei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, we have systematically investigated the electronic structures, magnetic and elastic properties of the full-Heusler compounds Cr2-xFexMnSi (, 1, and 2) by density functional theory calculations using the CASTEP with the generalized gradient approximation for the exchange-correlation functional. Our calculation results show that the Cr2MnSi, CrFeMnSi and Fe2MnSi alloys exhibit excellent half-metallic materials, and half-metallic band gap will be larger as the number of Fe atoms increases. The magnetism originates from the spin contribution of Cr-, Fe- and Mn-dorbital electrons and the strong hybridization between them. The total magnetic moment of Cr2-xFexMnSi (, 1, and 2) remains an integer value when the lattice parameter is changed within a narrow range, and the range will be larger as the number of Fe atoms increases. Investigation of elastic properties shows that the Cr2-xFexMnSi (, 1, and 2) alloys are ductile and anisotropic materials.
Clinical and Hormonal Profiles Correlate With Molecular Characteristics in Patients With 11β-Hydroxylase Deficiency
Authors: Yildiz Melek , Isik Emregul , Abali Zehra Yavas , Keskin Mehmet , Ozbek Mehmet Nuri , Bas Firdevs , Ucakturk Seyit Ahmet , Buyukinan Muammer , Onal Hasan , Kara Cengiz , Storbeck Karl-Heinz , Darendeliler Feyza , Cayir Atilla , Unal Edip , Anik Ahmet , Demirbilek Huseyin , Cetin Tugba , Dursun Fatma , Catli Gonul , Turan Serap , Falhammar Henrik , Baris Tugba , Yaman Ali , Haklar Goncagul , Bereket Abdullah , Guran Tulay 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
Given the rarity of 11β-hydroxylase deficiency (11βOHD), there is a paucity of data about the differences in clinical and biochemical characteristics of classic (C-11βOHD) and nonclassic 11βOHD (NC-11βOHD).

Objective
To characterize a multicenter pediatric cohort with 11βOHD.

Method
The clinical and biochemical characteristics were retrospectively retrieved. CYP11B1 gene sequencing was performed. Seventeen plasma steroids were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and compared to that of controls.

Results
102 patients (C-11βOHD, n = 92; NC-11βOHD, n = 10) from 76 families (46,XX; n = 53) had biallelic CYP11B1 mutations (novel 9 out of 30). Five 46,XX patients (10%) were raised as males. Nineteen patients (19%) had initially been misdiagnosed with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Female adult height was 152 cm [−1.85 SD score (SDS)] and male 160.4 cm (−2.56 SDS).None of the NC-11βOHD girls had ambiguous genitalia (C-11βOHD 100%), and none of the NC-11βOHD patients were hypertensive (C-11βOHD 50%). Compared to NC-11βOHD, C-11βOHD patients were diagnosed earlier (1.33 vs 6.9 years; P &lt; 0.0001), had higher bone age-to-chronological age (P = 0.04) and lower adult height (−2.46 vs −1.32 SDS; P = 0.05). The concentrations of 11-oxygenated androgens and 21-deoxycortisol were low in all patients. The baseline ACTH and stimulated cortisol were normal in NC-11βOHD. Baseline cortisol; cortisone; 11-deoxycortisol; 11-deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone concentrations; and 11-deoxycortisol/cortisol, 11-deoxycorticosterone/cortisol, and androstenedione/cortisol ratios were higher in C-11βOHD than NC-11βOHD patients (P &lt; 0.05). The 11-deoxycortisol/cortisol ratio &gt;2.2, &lt;1.5, and &lt;0.1 had 100% specificity to segregate C-11βOHD, NC-11βOHD, and control groups.

Conclusion
NC-11βOHD can escape from clinical attention due to relatively mild clinical presentation. However, steroid profiles enable the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and subtyping of 11βOHD.
Using e-health tools and PROMs to support self-management in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Avery Pearl 
Published: April 2021

Background: The use of digital health or e-health is growing. The potential positive impact on IBD care from supported self-management using these tools emerged from a literature review carried out in preparation for a service improvement project. A patient-reported outcomes measure (PROM) with validation across IBD sub-types was already available for use. This internationally recognised tool has potential for use with existing or new e-health systems. Aims: In order to test the concept of using PROMs to support practice and follow up a small-scale pilot study was designed. The aim of the study was to understand if empowering patients to undertake supported self-management could lead in turn to improved flow through outpatient services. Methods: An audit was carried out of PROMs looking at quality of life (QoL) as well as disease activity using an electronic platform in real time at the point of patient contact. The disease activity indices used were the Harvey Bradshaw Index and the Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index, due to the author's familiarity with these tools. Results: Of the 15 participants, 10 reported themselves as ‘well’ or ‘well with questions’ all participants reported an acceptance of supported remote self-management using e-health. Conclusion: This evaluation led to PROMs being captured on a tablet in the outpatient setting in the pre-pandemic period. Allowing patients to use the PROM as a tool in the outpatient setting has led to longitudinal data being added to the e-health system for each individual. Well patients could be managed remotely, freeing capacity in outpatient clinics.