bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelo competencial del maestro en educación infantil
Authors: Rebollo-Quintela Nuria , Losada-Puente Luisa 
Published: August 2021

La formación inicial y permanente del maestro en Educación Infantil debe ajustarse a los retos educativos actuales respondiendo a las recomendaciones de la Unión Europea en materia competencial y a la necesidad de un modelo global docente. Partiendo de estas premisas, la Xunta de Galicia propuso un Modelo para definir el perfil del maestro en cuatro dimensiones competenciales: educador y guía, miembro de una organización, interlocutor y referente, e investigador e innovador. El objetivo general del presente estudio fue conocer la relevancia que el alumnado otorga a las mismas para su futuro ejercicio. Se empleó una metodología cuantitativa, descriptivo-exploratorio, mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario a 144 estudiantes de 3º y 4º de Grado en Educación Infantil. Las cuatro competencias fueron consideradas altamente relevantes, destacando significativamente Interlocutor y referente (p < .001) y sus subcompetencias (gestión y promoción de valores y convivencia, compromiso personal y ético; y habilidades personales, sociales y relacionales). En conclusión, se puede extraer que el reconocimiento y valoración positiva del alumnado hacia su formación inicial y, con ello, a disponer de un modelo de formación integral repercutirá, no solo en la capacitación adquirida, sino también en su predisposición hacia la búsqueda de mejora continua.
The initial and permanent training of the teacher in Early Childhood Education must be adapted to the current educational challenges in response to the recommendations of the European Union in terms of competency and to the need for a global teaching model. Based on this, the Xunta de Galicia proposed a Model to define the teacher’s profile based on four competency dimensions: educator and guide, member of an organization, interlocutor and referent, and researcher and innovator. The general objective of the present study was to know the relevance that students give to them for their future exercise. A quantitative methodology, descriptive-exploratory, was carried out by applying a questionnaire to 144 students from the 3rd and 4th grade of the Degree in Early Childhood Education. The four competencies were considered highly relevant, highlighting significantly Interlocutor and referent (p < .001) and its subcompetences (management and promotion of values and coexistence, personal and ethical commitment; and personal, social and relational skills). It can be concluded that the positive recognition and assessment of the students toward their initial training and, therefore, to have a comprehensive training model will have an impact not only on the training acquired, but also on their predisposition towards the search for continuous improvement.
El profesorado de apoyo y las barreras que interfieren en la creación de apoyos educativos inclusivos
Authors: Abellán Rubio Javier , Arnaiz Sánchez Pilar , Alcaraz García Salvador 
Published: August 2021

La consecución de apoyos educativos inclusivos precisa de una respuesta a la diversidad común para todo el centro, que genere espacios que aseguren la presencia, la participación y el logro socioeducativo de todos los estudiantes. El objetivo general de este estudio es analizar cómo se desarrolla el apoyo educativo desde el marco de acción de la educación inclusiva en una comarca de la Región de Murcia. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una investigación descriptiva, no experimental y de corte mixto, a través de la utilización de un cuestionario en el que participaron 23 docentes de apoyo. Los resultados evidencian una desvinculación en las tareas del profesorado de apoyo hacia el aula ordinaria, una atención, en gran medida, individualizada y fuera del aula ordinaria hacia el alumnado que recibe apoyo, y una falta de coordinación y trabajo conjunto por parte de los docentes de apoyo y los docentes de aula ordinaria. Se concluye que la transformación de las barreras que dificultan el asentamiento de sistemas de apoyo inclusivo en facilitadores para la inclusión, pueden venir determinadas, por la existencia de un currículo más flexible, la formación docente en inclusión y la reformulación de los roles docentes hacia perfiles más colaborativos.
The attainment of inclusive educational support requires a common response to diversity for the whole centre, which generates spaces that ensure the presence, participation and socio-educational achievement of all students. The general objective of this study is to analyse how educational support is developed from the framework of action of inclusive education in a territory from the Region of Murcia. For this purpose, a descriptive, non-experimental and mixed research was carried out using a questionnaire in which 23 support teachers participated. The results show a dissociation in the tasks of the support teachers towards the regular classroom, a largely individualised attention outside the regular classroom towards the students who receive support, and a lack of coordination and joint work on the part of the support teachers and the regular classroom teachers. It is concluded that the transformation of the barriers that hinder the establishment of inclusive support systems into facilitators for inclusion, can be determined by the existence of a more flexible curriculum, teacher training in inclusion and the reformulation of teaching roles towards more collaborative profiles.
HANOI
Authors: Valentin Karen 
Published: August 2021

The article discusses the role that cities
play in constructing and mediating
particular historical accounts. Drawing on
fieldwork experiences from Hanoi and
Kathmandu it adopts a comparative
perspective and explores how history is
mediated, experienced and interpreted
through the physical organisation of the
city. History is conceptualised both chronologically
as sequences of events that can
be traced in the physical environment of
the city and as a temporally specific
narrative about the city and the wider
society of which it is part. The article
throws light on the impact different
political regimes have had on the built
environment and how this has informed
the social organisation and human use of
urban space in Hanoi. Comparing this
with the social and physical organisation
of Kathmandu two particular issues
become salient, firstly the way in which
the influence of foreign powers is physically
manifest in the city; secondly how
specific places, as national symbols of
unity, frame everyday activities in the city.
Materielle Minder: Om at huske med genstand og krop
Authors: Makovicy Nicolette 
Published: August 2021

Nicolette Makovicy: Material Memories: On Remembering with Object and Body We live surrounded by cultural objects, either of our own making, or appropriated from other sources through purchase or gift. This article is an exploration of how our interaction with material culture can affect how we remember, and inquires into the wider implications this has on knowledge and memories which circulate in social relations and across generations. The specific object of study is handmade bobbin lace, its production and circulation in the central Slovak provincial town of Banská Bystrica and its surrounding villages. The author takes a critical stance towards the conventional notion that objects can act as analogues for memory, as illustrated by Aristotle’s memoria. Instead, the author attempts to explore what an approach which underscores memory as a spontaneous recall. The article first deals with the relationship between skill, an embodied form of knowledge which relies on the physical training of the body to perform precise movements, and the product of this knowledge, the lace, as a means of transferring craft knowledge between makers. It is argued that the body and the senses are indispensable to this transfer, the key to the understanding and memorization of knowledge being physical reproduction. The second part of the article deals with lace articles as an element of household décor. It is shown that lace articles, while all being spoken of as making permanent memories through their materiality, most often have shifting meanings attached to them determined by a frequent circulation between households. Finally, it is suggested that the emphasis on materiality is used by the informants as a discursive device in their attempts to ground themselves socially and historically.
IDEERNES EPIDEMIOLOGI OG KULTURENS IMMUNOLOGI: Et forsvar for et kulturhistorisk forklaringsniveau
Authors: Sørensen Jesper 
Published: August 2021

In recent developments in anthropology and the science of religion, the concept of
culture has been criticised as being without any explanatory value. Thus, proponents of
cognitive anthropology have argued that culture, instead of explaining anything by
itself, is the thing in need of explanation. Dan Sperber and Pascal Boyer have
independently argued that in order to understand the diffusion of cultural ideas, we
need to pay close attention to two selective factors: domain-specific cognitive mechanisms
and pragmatic relevancy. This theoretical development has been successful in
demolishing any remnants of a reified concept of culture and has, in contrast to
postmodernist critiques, supplied a scientifically viable alternative. Their approach should
thus be endorsed, but in their eagerness to promote a purely cognitive approach, Sperber
and Boyer have failed to explain the relative local success and stability of some
representations in contrast to other equally cognitive optimal representations. Why do
some religious representations thrive while other, equally cognitive optimal
representations, disappear? In order to address this problem, the metaphor of an
epidemiology of representations, suggested by Sperber, is extended by an “immunology
of cultural systems”. In addition to the selective forces described by Sperber and Boyer,
the immunological approach argues that the relative success of new representations is
largely dependent on how well they fit already existing cultural models. The success of
religious ideas is not only a product of how often they are expressed and how well they
fit cognitive structures. Their relative position in a constantly evolving ecology of ideas
will have a substantial impact on whether they are transmitted to new individuals or
whether they disappear together with countless other unsuccessful representations.
Describing the systematic relations between public representations and their historical
development is thus a necessary supplement to the epidemiological approach.
KAMPEN FOR EN OFFICIEL UNDSKYLDNING
Authors: Grønbæk Jensen Stine 
Published: August 2021

I artiklen undersøges betydningen af officielle undskyldninger for ofrene for svigtog overgreb i fortiden og det transformerende potentiale, som kampen for retfærdighedkan have. Forfatteren viser, hvordan Godhavnsdrengenes mangeårige kampfor en officiel undskyldning har konstitueret Godhavn som et delt erindringssted iDanmark, det vil sige et omdrejningspunkt for fælles forestillinger og anerkendtefortællinger om fortidens børneforsorg. Hun argumenterer for, at dette har åbnetet nyt mulighedsrum, hvor tidligere børnehjemsbørn gennem erindringsarbejdeer begyndt at artikulere og forholde sig kritisk til erindringer, der før var omgærdetaf tavshed, lagret i kroppen og vævet ind i hverdagens væren og relationertil andre. Ved at se erindringsarbejdet som en koncentreret udøvelse af kritisksubjektivitet peger forfatteren på, at den enkelte i denne proces potentielt set kanbegynde at distancere sig fra og vriste sig fri af fortidens tyngde, men også brugesine erindringer politisk til fremadrettede formål.
Søgeord: statslige undskyldninger, erindringsarbejde, børneforsorgens historie
Les îles (2011) d’Isabelle Panneton et l’héritage de Philippe Boesmans : généalogie d’une démarche compositionnelle
Authors: Brasset Marie-Pierre 
Published: August 2021

Dans les années 1980, après ses études auprès de Gilles Tremblay, Isabelle Panneton fait la rencontre de Philippe Boesmans lors d’un passage du compositeur belge à Montréal. Impressionnée par sa musique, elle se rendra en Belgique pour y suivre des leçons de composition avec lui de 1984 à 1987. Cette période sera déterminante pour la compositrice, ouvrant toute grande la porte à l’émergence de sa personnalité musicale. Ce texte retrace les moments forts du passage d’Isabelle Panneton chez le compositeur belge et met en lumière les liens qui les unissent, en guise de prélude à l’analyse de son trio Les îles pour violon, violoncelle et piano.
De la nostalgie postcommuniste à la promesse d’une socialité postsocialiste. Les écrans relationnels de Kateřina Šedá
Authors: Kandioler Nicole 
Published: August 2021

Partant du concept de « nostalgie postcommuniste », introduit par Maria Todorova et Zsuzsa Gille en 2010 pour repenser la façon dont les habitants de l’Europe de l’Est gèrent la mémoire du passé après la chute du communisme, cet article propose une analyse de trois installations de l’artiste tchèque Kateřina Šedá (née en 1977) : It Doesn’t Matter (2005-2007), There’s Nothing There (2003) et Bedřichovice Upon Thames (2011-2015). L’isolement social grandissant observé depuis 1989 et qui se manifeste notamment par l’augmentation du nombre de divorces et d’enfants uniques, ainsi que par la hauteur des clôtures dans les villages, etc., constitue la principale source d’inspiration de l’artiste qui crée des installations sociales en collaboration avec ses « protagonistes ». Utilisant différents écrans comme interface de communication et de relation, Šedá « montre des personnes à d’autres personnes » et, de façon aussi naïve que convaincante, nous rappelle l’importance de la coprésence physique des individus pour une vie commune et une nouvelle socialité.
Preparing Dinosaurs
Authors: Wylie Caitlin Donahue 
Published: August 2021

An investigation of the work and workers in fossil preparation labs reveals the often unacknowledged creativity and problem-solving on which scientists rely.
Those awe-inspiring dinosaur skeletons on display in museums do not spring fully assembled from the earth. Technicians known as preparators have painstakingly removed the fossils from rock, repaired broken bones, and reconstructed missing pieces to create them. These specimens are foundational evidence for paleontologists, and yet the work and workers in fossil preparation labs go largely unacknowledged in publications and specimen records. In this book, Caitlin Wylie investigates the skilled labor of fossil preparators and argues for a new model of science that includes all research work and workers.
Drawing on ethnographic observations and interviews, Wylie shows that the everyday work of fossil preparation requires creativity, problem-solving, and craft. She finds that preparators privilege their own skills over technology and that scientists prefer to rely on these trusted technicians rather than new technologies. Wylie examines how fossil preparators decide what fossils, and therefore dinosaurs, look like; how labor relations between interdependent yet hierarchically unequal collaborators influence scientific practice; how some museums display preparators at work behind glass, as if they were another exhibit; and how these workers learn their skills without formal training or scientific credentials.

The work of preparing specimens is a crucial component of scientific research, although it leaves few written traces. Wylie argues that the paleontology research community's social structure demonstrates how other sciences might incorporate non-scientists into research work, empowering and educating both scientists and nonscientists.
The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Arcadia – a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin.
The Bias That Divides Us
Authors: Stanovich Keith E. 
Published: August 2021

Why we don't live in a post-truth society but rather a myside society: what science tells us about the bias that poisons our politics.
In The Bias That Divides Us, psychologist Keith Stanovich argues provocatively that we don't live in a post-truth society, as has been claimed, but rather a myside society. Our problem is not that we are unable to value and respect truth and facts, but that we are unable to agree on commonly accepted truth and facts. We believe that our side knows the truth. Post-truth? That describes the other side. The inevitable result is political polarization. Stanovich shows what science can tell us about myside bias: how common it is, how to avoid it, and what purposes it serves.
Stanovich explains that although myside bias is ubiquitous, it is an outlier among cognitive biases. It is unpredictable. Intelligence does not inoculate against it, and myside bias in one domain is not a good indicator of bias shown in any other domain. Stanovich argues that because of its outlier status, myside bias creates a true blind spot among the cognitive elite—those who are high in intelligence, executive functioning, or other valued psychological dispositions. They may consider themselves unbiased and purely rational in their thinking, but in fact they are just as biased as everyone else. Stanovich investigates how this bias blind spot contributes to our current ideologically polarized politics, connecting it to another recent trend: the decline of trust in university research as a disinterested arbiter.
COVID-19 and regional differences in the timeliness of hip-fracture surgery: an interrupted time-series analysis
Authors: Golinelli Davide , Lenzi Jacopo , Adorno Emanuele , Gianino Maria Michela , Fantini Maria Pia 
Published: August 2021

Background
It is of great importance to examine the impact of the healthcare reorganization adopted to confront the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of care provided to non-COVID-19 patients. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the COVID-19 national lockdown (March 9, 2020) on the quality of care provided to patients with hip fracture (HF) in Piedmont and Emilia-Romagna, two large regions of northern Italy severely hit by the pandemic.

Methods
We calculated the percentage of HF patients undergoing surgery within 2 days of hospital admission. An interrupted time-series analysis was performed on weekly data from December 11, 2019 to June 9, 2020 (≈6 months), interrupting the series in the 2nd week of March. The same data observed the year before were included as a control time series with no “intervention” (lockdown) in the middle of the observation period.

Results
Before the lockdown, 2-day surgery was 69.9% in Piedmont and 79.2% in Emilia-Romagna; after the lockdown, these proportions were equal to 69.8% (–0.1%) and 69.3% (–9.9%), respectively. While Piedmont did not experience any drop in the amount of surgery, Emilia-Romagna exhibited a significant decline at a weekly rate of –1.29% (95% CI [−1.71 to −0.88]). Divergent trend patterns in the two study regions reflect local differences in pandemic timing as well as in healthcare services capacity, management, and emergency preparedness.
Vacuum Extractor Versus Manual Head Extraction During Cesarean Section
Authors: Basha Shahenda H. , Shatat Doaa N. , Elgergawy Adel E. , Elnamoury Mohsen M. 
Published: August 2021

Background: For multifactorial reasons, the rate of cesarean deliveries increased clearly over a decade; decreased in vaginal births after cesarean (VBAC), multiple gestation, maternal obesity, pre-term labor, gestational diabetes or hypertension, increased number of high-risk expectant mothers and the obstetrical medico-legal environment. Delivering the fetal head at cesarean section can also be a lengthy operation and can result in maternal or fetal Complications. The vacuum extractor allows for the application of traction on the fetal head. In this study we aim to compare the safety (for mother and infant) and efficacy of delivery of the fetal head in cesarean section using vacuum extractor with the manual extraction.
Methods: This study was conducted on 60 pregnant women undergoing cesarean section. All patients were between 37 and 42 weeks of pregnancy with signs of healthy fetus and were divided into 2 groups; Group I- 30 patients subjected to vacuum extraction at the cesarean section, Group II- 30 patients subjected to the conventional cesarean method.
The result: The BMI of women in group I was 27.90 ± 0.96 and in group II was 28.0 ± 0.98. The gestational age of the babies in Group I and II were 39.0 ± 1.02 and 39.0 ± 0.98 weeks. U-D interval for Group I and Group II were 48.40 ± 17.63 and 73.87 ± 16.76 days respectively. The estimated blood loss in group I and group II were 478.0 ± 59.62 and 464.7 ± 52.57 respectively. The birth weight of the babies delivered in Group I and Group II were 4253.33 ± 118.72 and 4246.67 ± 135.58 KG respectively. The five minutes Apgar score for Group I and Group II were 8.50 ± 0.68 and 8.57 ± 0.57.
Conclusion: The use of the vacuum extractor at cesarean section may be a safe and effective method to facilitate delivery of the large fetal head and cesarean section delivery can be simplified by this technique.
How does the magnitude of genetic variation affect ecological and reproductive character displacement?
Authors: Morita Keiichi , Yamamichi Masato 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile previous studies on character displacement tended to focus on trait divergence and convergence as a result of long‐term evolution, recent studies suggest that character displacement can be a special case of evolutionary rescue, where rapid evolution prevents species extinction by weakening interspecific competition. Here we analyzed a simple model to examine how the magnitude of genetic variation affects evolutionary rescue via ecological and reproductive character displacement that weakens interspecific competition in exploitation of shared resources (i.e., resource competition) and in the mating process caused by incomplete species recognition (i.e., reproductive interference), respectively. We found that slow trait divergence due to small genetic variance results in species extinction in reproductive character displacement but not in ecological character displacement. This is because one species becomes rare in slow character displacement, and this causes deterministic extinction due to minority disadvantage of reproductive interference. On the other hand, there is no deterministic extinction in the process of ecological character displacement. Furthermore, species extinction becomes less likely in the case of positive covariance between ecological and reproductive traits as divergence of the ecological trait (e.g., root depths) increases the divergence speed of the reproductive trait (e.g., flower colors) and vice versa. It will be interesting to compare intraspecific genetic (co)variance of ecological and reproductive traits in future studies for understanding how ecological and reproductive character displacement occur without extinction.