bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insecurity, lack of support, and frustration: A sociological analysis of how three groups of students reflect on their distance education during the pandemic in Sweden
Authors: Lidegran Ida , Hultqvist Elisabeth , Bertilsson Emil , Börjesson Mikael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article investigates the situation of Swedish upper secondary school students who have been subject to distance education during the COVID‐19 pandemic crisis. We understand the transition from onsite education to distance education as a recontextualization of pedagogical practice, our framing follows loosely concepts from Bernstein. Given that the field of upper secondary education is highly socially structured it is relevant to enquire into the social dimensions of distance education. For this purpose, we have analysed answers to an open‐ended question in a survey answered by 3,726 students, and related them to a cluster analysis distinguishing three main clusters of students: urban upper‐middle‐class, immigrant working‐class, and rural working‐class. The urban upper‐middle‐class students experienced problems decoding new requirements and were troubled by blurred boundaries between school and home. This group invests the most in schooling, and therefore expresses comparatively more anxiety for reaching anticipated achievements. Immigrant working‐class students were comparatively more discontented by a lack of school support and request clearer instructions. In this new educational situation, characterized by a weak framing, they have difficulties decoding the requirements. The rural working‐class students appear comparatively more disconnected from the school situation. Unlike urban upper‐middle‐class students, for whom the school invades the home and private sphere, the rural working‐class students seldom experienced that the school intruded their home; accordingly, their studies collapsed into sleep‐in‐mornings and a holiday feeling.
Soil phosphorus over a period of agricultural change in Scotland
Authors: Tweedie Andrew , Haygarth Philip M. , Edwards Anthony , Lilly Allan , Baggaley Nikki , Stutter Marc 
Published: October 2021

AbstractYield increases by use of phosphorus (P) fertiliser has been a defining aspect of last century's agriculture, but in many countries P inputs are now being regulated to avoid ecological damage and improve agricultural sustainability. We tested the hypothesis that P forms and functions in agricultural soils have changed over a period of 50–70 years of agricultural change using topsoils from 35 agricultural sites in North East Scotland compared at ‘original’ and ‘resampled’ timepoints. The original dried and archived samples were collected between 1951 and 1981, and resampling took place in the autumn of 2017 with all samples reanalysed at the same time and by same methods. A range of soil extractants, from labile (water soluble) P, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) forms, to surface exchangeable P (acid ammonium oxalate extraction), to complexed P (NaOH‐EDTA extraction), were compared with agronomic soil test P (modified Morgan; MM‐P), soil pH, and, on a subset of five time pairs (n = 10), specific P compounds using 31P NMR spectroscopy. Whilst MM‐P had declined significantly in time, all soils were originally and remained at high soil P status. In contrast, no change in labile P pools, nor in the more refractory P pools that replenish labile P, were observed. In the subset analysed by NMR, orthophosphate P consistently increased in concentration. This suggests that soil P shows a slow (multidecadal) response to the documented reductions in fertiliser P for the study region. Significantly greater soil pH (by 0.4 units) over time and reduced water‐soluble C and N forms suggests that labile P in contemporary soils exists in a biogeochemical environment of enhanced solubility and in excess to other available macronutrients that control its microbial cycling. This study represents a long and important period of changing drivers acting on soil P change with potential to improve understanding future soil P trajectories. The value of archived historical soils samples is shown, if care in interpretation of storage implications is made.Highlights
Phosphorus fractions in agricultural soil were compared at two timepoints 50–70 years apart.
Whilst soil test P declined with time, other labile and refractory P pools did not change.
The readjustment of P pools is slow even to substantial change in fertiliser inputs.
The investigation of long‐term land use to inform future policy is enabled by soil archives.
Soil properties as key predictors of global grassland production: Have we overlooked micronutrients?
Authors: Radujković Dajana , Verbruggen Erik , Seabloom Eric W. , Bahn Michael , Biederman Lori A. , Borer Elizabeth T. , Boughton Elizabeth H. , Catford Jane A. , Campioli Matteo , Donohue Ian , Ebeling Anne , Eskelinen Anu , Fay Philip A. , Hansart Amandine , Knops Johannes M. H. , MacDougall Andrew S. , Ohlert Timothy , Olde Venterink Harry , Raynaud Xavier , Risch Anita C. , Roscher Christiane , Schütz Martin , Silveira Maria Lucia , Stevens Carly J. , Van Sundert Kevin , Virtanen Risto , Wardle Glenda M. , Wragg Peter D. , Vicca Sara 
Published: October 2021

AbstractFertilisation experiments have demonstrated that nutrient availability is a key determinant of biomass production and carbon sequestration in grasslands. However, the influence of nutrients in explaining spatial variation in grassland biomass production has rarely been assessed. Using a global dataset comprising 72 sites on six continents, we investigated which of 16 soil factors that shape nutrient availability associate most strongly with variation in grassland aboveground biomass. Climate and N deposition were also considered. Based on theory‐driven structural equation modelling, we found that soil micronutrients (particularly Zn and Fe) were important predictors of biomass and, together with soil physicochemical properties and C:N, they explained more unique variation (32%) than climate and N deposition (24%). However, the association between micronutrients and biomass was absent in grasslands limited by NP. These results highlight soil properties as key predictors of global grassland biomass production and point to serial co‐limitation by NP and micronutrients.
Eight‐legged swimmers: Behavioral responses to floods in two South American spiders
Authors: Albín Andrea , González Macarena , Simó Miguel , Kossyrczyk Elizabeth W. , Bidegaray‐Batista Leticia , Aisenberg Anita 
Published: October 2021

AbstractArthropods inhabiting floodplains have to cope with regular cycles of wet and dry conditions. Allocosa senex and Allocosa marindia are two sympatric and synchronic sand‐dwelling wolf spiders that construct burrows along South American coasts and are subject to periodic floods. Our objective was to study tolerance to immersion and describe the behavioral responses to that event in A. senex and A. marindia. We placed each spider in a terrarium with sand as substrate to allow burrow construction. Then, we gradually increased water levels and recorded the behavioral responses for 30 min. None of the individuals died during the artificial flood. More adults of A. senex performed “dives” and “floats” compared to A. marindia. Also, A. senex showed higher occurrences of “floats,” “swims,” and swam for longer than A. marindia. Finally, females of both species swam more frequently than males. Our findings indicate that both Allocosa are able to withstand floods, showing differential tactics according to the life histories of each sex and species.
A database of West European headwater macroinvertebrate stoichiometric traits
Authors: Beck Miriam , Billoir Elise , Felten Vincent , Meyer Albin , Usseglio‐Polatera Philippe , Danger Michael 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMotivationEcological stoichiometry investigates the equilibrium and the fluxes of chemical elements and energy between organisms and their environment. Several studies have pointed out the value of integrating stoichiometric traits for a better understanding of the mechanisms behind community and ecosystem processes. Especially in the light of globally changing nutrient levels in freshwater systems, the link between stoichiometric traits and nutrient cycling or trophic interactions can improve our investigations of a species' or community's response to these changes. Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages are widely used for biomonitoring in freshwaters, providing a large number of datasets gathering information about their taxonomic diversity at many different spatial and temporal scales. Likewise, an increasing number of large databases gives ready access to information on a variety of macroinvertebrate biological traits. The addition of stoichiometric traits to this pool of available information could thus expand the application of trait approaches and facilitate the study of the links between nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning.Main types of variables containedThe database contains information on the elemental contents of 188 taxa, in terms of the major nutrients %C, %N and %P and the corresponding molar ratios C:N, C:P and N:P. We provide calculated taxon mean values as well as the underlying raw data at the individual level that were obtained from field sampling, supplemented by a literature search (n = 1,555; 174 taxa).Major taxa and level of measurementsThe database contains information on 188 macroinvertebrate taxa, available at species (n = 33), genus (96), tribe (9), subfamily (6), family (42), order (1) or class (1) levels.Software format.csv file.
Help your neighbor, help yourself: The drivers of European Union's climate cooperation in trans‐governmental networks with its neighbors
Authors: Shyrokykh Karina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractClimate change mitigation and adaptation are among the policy areas covered by the European Union (EU) in trans‐governmental cooperation with the neighboring countries. Although this cooperation is open to all European Neighborhood Policy countries and Russia, there is significant cross‐country variance. This article maps the EU's climate networks in the neighborhood and, building on time‐series cross‐sectional data analysis, explains the cross‐country differences. The study contributes to Europeanization and network governance literatures by demonstrating that the main driver of EU engagement in climate networks in the region is interdependencies stemming from geographic proximity. Meanwhile, state capacity is an important condition for establishing climate cooperation: climate cooperation develops more with closer neighbors that have stronger state capacity. Importantly, contrary to the logic of its international climate commitments, climate vulnerabilities do not define the extent of the EU's engagement in climate networks with its neighborhood.
Enlarging the spectrum of cluster headache: Extracranial autonomic involvement revealed by voice analysis
Authors: Silvestro Marcello , Dovetto Francesca M. , Corvino Virginia , Apisa Pasqualina , Malesci Rita , Tessitore Alessandro , Milizia Paolo , Tedeschi Gioacchino , Marciano Elio , Russo Antonio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople with cluster headache (CH) are frequently burdened by misdiagnosis or diagnostic delay. The peculiar somatic and behavioral changes characterizing patients with CH are not useful to improve diagnostic accuracy. In our clinical experience, we noticed a typical voice quality with low and croaking tone in patients with CH.In this cross‐sectional study, we evaluated, by digital voice analysis, whether it is possible to identify typical voice quality characterizing patients with CH compared with healthy controls (HCs). Furthermore, to investigate whether putative differences in voice characteristics could be underpinned by constitutional aspects or pathological processes of vocal cords, subjects underwent a videolaryngostroboscopy. Smoking habits and alcohol consumption were specifically investigated.MethodsAfter conducting digital recording of the voices from both patients with CH and HCs in a soundproof insulated cabin in the laboratory of the Audiology Department, a set of voice parameters was analyzed. We included the measures of fundamental frequency, calculations of jitter and shimmer, and noise‐to‐harmonics ratios as well as quantities related to the spectral tilt (i.e., H1–H2, H1–A1, H1–A2, and H1–A3) in 20 patients with CH and in 13 HCs. A videolaryngostroboscopy was performed in all subjects.ResultsPatients with CH, explored during the cluster bout period, showed significantly lower second harmonic (H1–H2) values compared with HCs (−6.9 ± 7.6 vs. 2.1 ± 6.7, p = 0.002), usually characterizing the so‐called creaky voice. By using a laryngoscopy investigation, a significantly higher prevalence of mild to moderate vocal cord edema and laryngopharyngeal reflux signs were found in patients with CH (100% of patients with CH vs. 15% of HC, p < 0.001).ConclusionCreaky phonation is a “physiological mode of laryngeal operation” usually underpinned by shortened and thickened vocal folds. Creaky voice phonation can be due to a vocal fold's reduced capability to become slack or flaccid secondary to vocal cord edema underpinned by laryngopharyngeal reflux affecting the phonatory mechanisms in patients with CH. The laryngopharyngeal reflux may represent a dysautonomic sign related to the increased parasympathetic tone during in‐bout period, reinforcing the hypothesis of an extracranial autonomic dysfunction as part of CH clinical picture.
Helicobacter pylori and the intestinal microbiome among healthy school‐age children
Authors: Lapidot Yelena , Reshef Leah , Cohen Dani , Muhsen Khitam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is acquired during childhood and causes chronic gastritis that remains asymptomatic in most infected people. H. pylori alters the gastric microbiota and causes peptic ulcer disease. Evidence on the relationship between asymptomatic H. pylori infection and children's gut microbiota remains elusive.AimWe characterized the relationship between H. pylori infection and the intestinal microbiome of healthy children, adjusting for known inter‐personal and environmental exposures.Materials and MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included stool samples obtained from 163 Israeli Arab children aged 6–9 years from different socioeconomic strata. Sociodemographic information was collected through maternal interviews. H. pylori infection was determined using monoclonal antigen detection stool enzyme immunoassay. The gut microbiome was characterized by implementing 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 region and a multivariate downstream analysis.ResultsOverall, 57% of the participants were positive for H. pylori infection and it was significantly associated with low socioeconomic status. There was no significant association between H. pylori infection and bacterial richness of fecal microbiome. H. pylori infection was significantly associated with intestinal bacterial composition, including a strong association with Prevotella copri and Eubacterium biforme. Moreover, socioeconomic status was strongly associated with bacterial composition.Discussion and ConclusionsH. pylori infection in healthy children was significantly associated with altered intestinal microbiome structure. Socioeconomic determinants exhibit a strong effect, related to both H. pylori infection and intestinal diversity and composition in childhood. These findings are clinically important to the understanding of the role of H. pylori infection and other intestinal microbes in health and disease.
Optimal management of lenvatinib therapy for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma by balancing the therapeutic effect with the relative dose intensity
Authors: Tokunaga Takayuki , Tateyama Masakuni , Tanaka Kentaro , Narahara Satoshi , Inada Hiroki , Kurano Sotaro , Hayashi Sanae , Yoshimaru Yoko , Nagaoka Katsuya , Watanabe Takehisa , Setoyama Hiroko , Tanaka Motohiko , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsWe aimed to assess the optimal management of first or later‐line lenvatinib therapy (LEN) for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC), by clarifying the difference of degree between relative dose intensity (RDI) to achieve objective response (OR) and disease control (DC) by aiming at stable disease (SD), taking dose modifications into consideration.MethodsOne hundred uHCC patients who received LEN in first‐ or later‐line settings, between April 2018 and December 2020 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The factors associated with overall survival (OS), time to progression (TTP), OR and DC were assessed. The optimal cut‐off values of RDI 4 weeks after initiation of LEN (RDI during cycle 1) and total RDI (RDI during all cycles) to predict achievement of OR and DC by aiming at SD were determined by receiver operator curve analysis.ResultsAchievement of OR and SD were favorable factors for OS (HR, 0.080 and 0.20) and TTP (HR, 0.052 and 0.073), with progressive disease defined as the reference. RDI ≥ 0.8 during cycle 1 and RDI ≥ 0.4 during cycle 1 contributed to achievement of OR (odds ratio, 3.28) and DC (odds ratio, 4.85), respectively. Experience of dose interruption was associated with a favorable TTP (HR, 0.58). The therapeutic line of LEN did not contribute to OS, TTP or best response.ConclusionsTo achieve OR and SD for a favorable outcome of first‐ or later‐line LEN, high and moderate early‐phase RDI are required, respectively. The degree of RDI during LEN and tolerance need compatible by dose modifications.
Strength and thermal shock resistance of fiber‐bonded Si‐Al‐C‐O and Si‐Ti‐C‐O ceramics
Authors: Vera Maria Carmen , Martínez‐Fernández Julian , Singh Mrityunjay , Ramirez‐Rico Joaquin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSilicon carbide‐based fiber‐bonded ceramics, obtained from hot pressing of woven silicon carbide fibers, are a cost‐effective alternative to ceramic‐matrix composites due to their ease of fabrication, involving few processing steps, and competitive thermomechanical properties. In this work, we studied the high‐temperature strength and thermal shock resistance of Si‐Al‐C‐O and Si‐Ti‐C‐O fiber‐bonded SiC ceramics obtained from hot pressing of two types of ceramic fibers, by mechanical testing in four‐point bending. The bending strength of Si‐Al‐C‐O‐based fiber‐bonded ceramics at room temperature is ∼250–260 MPa and remains constant with temperature, while the bending strength of Si‐Ti‐C‐O increases slightly from the initial 220 to ∼250 MPa for the highest temperature. Both materials retain up to 90% of their room temperature strength after thermal shocks of 1400°C and show no reduction in elastic moduli. After thermal shock, failure mode is the same as in the case of as‐received materials.
In situ synthesis of cobalt silicide particle reinforcing and coloring Si3N4 ceramics
Authors: Liu Ning , Hu Tengfei , Duan Yusen , Zhang Jingxian , Li Xiaoguang , Dong Shaoming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramics with black color and high toughness were fabricated by gas pressure sintering and characterized by X‐ray diffraction, Raman, scanning electron microscopy, EDS, and transmission electron microscopy. The in situ formed cobalt silicide was confirmed to contribute to the black color through the introduction of CoO. Due to the addition of CoO, the growth of β‐Si3N4 grains is promoted, forming elongated grains, and eventually forms the self‐reinforcing microstructure. However, with adding excessive CoO, interfacial debonding is found between cobalt silicide and Si3N4 matrix and a decrease in strength was resulted. The optimum composition is 1 mol% CoO in Si3N4, with the fracture toughness of 9.9 ± 0.3 MPa m1/2, flexural strength of 826.1 ± 46.0 MPa, and a much darker black color. The mechanism of color formation is discussed where the black color derives mainly from the metallic silicon and additionally the porosity.
Association between oral care challenges and sensory over‐responsivity in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Stein Duker Leah I. , Martinez Melissa , Lane Christianne J. , Polido José C. , Cermak Sharon A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundSensory over‐responsivity has been linked to oral care challenges in children with special healthcare needs. Parents of children with Down syndrome (cDS) have reported sensory over‐responsivity in their children, but the link between this and oral care difficulties has not been explored.AimTo investigate the relationship between sensory over‐responsivity and oral care challenges in cDS.DesignAn online survey examined parent‐reported responses describing the oral care of their cDS (5–14 years; n = 367). Children were categorized as either sensory over‐responders (SORs) or sensory not over‐responders (SNORs). Chi‐square analyses tested associations between groups (SORs vs. SNORs) and dichotomous oral care variables.ResultsMore parents of SOR children than of SNOR reported that child behavior (SOR:86%, SNOR:77%; p < .05) and sensory sensitivities (SOR:34%, SNOR:18%; p < .001) make dental care challenging, their child complains about ≥3 types of sensory stimuli encountered during care (SOR:39%, SNOR:28%; p = .04), their dentist is specialized in treating children with special healthcare needs (SOR:45%, SNOR:33%; p = .03), and their child requires full assistance to brush teeth (SOR:41%, SNOR:28%; p = .008). No intergroup differences were found in items examining parent‐reported child oral health or care access.ConclusionsParents of SOR children reported greater challenges than parents of SNOR children at the dentist’s office and in the home, including challenging behaviors and sensory sensitivities.
Structural origin of the weak germanate anomaly in lead germanate glass properties
Authors: Alderman Oliver L. G. , Hannon Alex C. , Holland Diane , Dupree Ray , Feller Steve 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBinary PbO–GeO2 glasses have been studied in detail from 5 to 75 mol% PbO using high‐resolution neutron diffraction, high‐energy X‐ray diffraction, 207‐Pb NMR, pycnometry, and thermal analysis. The Ge–O coordination number displays a broad maximum nGeO = 4.14(3) close to 27 mol% PbO. This is smaller than the maximum nGeO = 4.3 reported in CaO–GeO2 glasses but occurs at a similar composition. This structural behavior appears to explain the relatively weak germanate anomaly manifest in lead germanate glasses, for example as a maximum in the measured atom number density and a plateau in the glass transition temperatures. The structural role of Pb(II) is complex. On the one hand, short covalent Pb–O bonds and small Pb–O coordination numbers of ∼3 to 4 indicate glass network former character for Pb(II), associated with a stereochemically active electron lone pair. On the other hand, the presence of some GeO5 or GeO6 units, in addition to the majority GeO4 tetrahedral species, indicates some modifier character of Pb(II) at low PbO contents, giving rise to the observed weak germanate anomaly, as well as elongation and enhanced ionicity of the Pb–O bonds. Overall, the observed structural behavior of Pb(II) in lead germanate glasses appears as intermediate between that observed in lead silicate and lead borate glasses. Despite rapid quenching, at low PbO contents, the glasses studied exhibited nanoscale heterogeneity, evidenced by small‐angle X‐ray scattering consistent with the early stages of spinodal decomposition.