bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perturbed Hill's problem with variable mass
Authors: Bouaziz Ferdaous , Ansari Abdullah A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the present paper, we investigate the dynamical behavior and motion of an infinitesimal body in the Hill problem under some perturbations. As it has been commonly noticed, this problem can be seen as a particular case of the classical restricted three‐body problem. For numerical investigations, we first set the equations of motion of the infinitesimal body that we suppose having a variable mass according to Jeans' law. We get an effective and perceptible variation due to parameters in both the locations of lagrangian points, regions of motion, and basins of attraction. Finally, we examine the stability for the lagrangian points using Meshcherskii's space–time inverse transformations.
Functional Nucleic Acids Under Unusual Conditions
Authors: Chang Tianjun , He Sisi , Amini Ryan , Li Yingfu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFunctional nucleic acids (FNAs), including naturally occurring ribozymes and riboswitches as well as artificially created DNAzymes and aptamers, have been popular molecular toolboxes for diverse applications. Given the high chemical stability of nucleic acids and their ability to fold into diverse sequence‐dependent structures, FNAs are suggested to be highly functional under unusual reaction conditions. This review will examine the progress of research on FNAs under conditions of low pH, high temperature, freezing conditions, and the inclusion of organic solvents and denaturants that are known to disrupt nucleic acid structures. The FNA species to be discussed include ribozymes, riboswitches, G‐quadruplex‐based peroxidase mimicking DNAzymes, RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes, and aptamers. Research within this space has not only revealed the hidden talents of FNAs but has also laid important groundwork for pursuing these intriguing functional macromolecules for unique applications.
Co−Mo−S Nanoflowers Wrapped Oxidized Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li You , Ji Lifei , Zhou Xian , Li Tiantian , Chen Xijie , Zhang Xin , Yang Fengchun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDeveloping highly active and stable earth‐abundant electrocatalysts for water splitting is of prime importance for renewable energy conversion systems. Herein, we develop a facile hydrothermal process to prepare nanoflowers by compounding Co−Mo−S and oxidized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (denoted as Co1.5Mo1.0S/o‐MWNTs) as efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts. Oxidized MWNTs could enhance the hydrophilicity and electrical conductivity of the catalyst conductivity. Co and Mo charge transfer can be accelerated after the chemical hybridization of Co, Mo and highly conductive o‐MWNTs. Co is easily oxidized into cobalt oxyhydroxide, which acts as the active site for OER. The electrocatalyst exhibits highly efficient electrocatalytic performances, achieving low overpotential of 311 mV for the OER at current density of 10 mA cm−2 and low Tafel slope of 70 mV dec−1 in alkaline media. The catalyst maintains good stability even after 10 hours of chronoamperometry test at 1.60 V in alkaline solution. This work provides a new direction for boosting the electrocatalytic activity through coupling bimetallic sulfides and constructing with conductive substrate.
Biochemical Characterization and Synthetic Application of α‐1,3‐Glucosyltransferase from Pneumococcus Serotype 18C
Authors: Wang Hong , Sun Chongzhen , Sun Xuan , Zhang Le , Zhao Jielin , Liang Min , Xiao Min , Gu Guofeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe enzymatic activity and function of a new α‐1,3‐glucosyltransferase, Cps18CU, derived from Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 18C was identified for the first time using the enzymatically synthetic disaccharide Rhaβ1,4‐Glcα‐PP‐O(CH2)11‐OPh as the acceptor substrate. Further investigation on substrate specificity revealed that Cps18CU exhibited broad toleration toward various NDP‐Glc donors and also accepted such disaccharide acceptor containing Rhaβ1,4‐Glc moiety in structure. Finally, Cps18CU was employed into a one‐pot two‐enzyme reaction system, furnishing trisaccharide Glcα1,3‐Rhaβ1,4‐Glcα‐PP‐O(CH2)11‐OPh in an 81 % yield.
Crystal Structures of AlCr2 and MoSi2: Same Structure Type vs. Different Bonding Pattern
Authors: Milosavljević Milica D. , Burkhardt Ulrich , Moll Philip J. W. , König Markus , Borrmann Horst , Grin Yuri 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn a joint effort utilizing modified sample preparation, microscopy, X‐ray diffraction and micro‐fabrication, it became possible to prepare single crystals of the “hidden” phase AlCr2. High‐resolution X‐ray diffraction analysis is described in detail for two crystals with the similar overall composition, but different degree of disorder, which seems to be the main cause for the differing unit cell parameters. Chemical bonding analysis of AlCr2 in comparison to prototypical MoSi2 shows pronounced differences reflecting the interchange of main group element vs. transition metal as majority component.
Incorporating cytologic adequacy assessment into precision oncology workflow using telepathology: An institutional experience
Authors: Al Zoughbi Wael , Kim David , Alperstein Susan Ann , Ohara Kentaro , Manohar Jyothi , Greco Noah , Khani Francesca , Robinson Brian D. , Rao Rema A. , Elemento Olivier , Mosquera Juan Miguel , Siddiqui Momin T. 
Published: April 2021

BackgroundTumor sample quality and quantity determine the success of somatic mutation analysis. Thus, a rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) tumor cytology adequacy assessment was incorporated into the workflow of precision oncology at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City. Optimal samples were obtained from 68 patients with metastatic cancer.MethodsCytopathologists performed ROSE on fine‐needle aspirate samples via telepathology, and subsequently core‐needle biopsies were obtained. In a retrospective manner, the concordance between adequacy assessment and the success rate of the procedure was evaluated to obtain sufficient tumor tissue for next‐generation sequencing (NGS).ResultsOut of the 68 procedures, 43 were documented as adequate and 25 were documented as inadequate. The diagnostic yield of adequate procedures was 100%. Adequacy evaluation predicted the success rate of molecular profiling in 40 of 43 procedures (93%; 95% CI, 80.9‐98.5 procedures). The success rate of molecular testing was significantly higher in the adequate group: 93% compared with 32% in the inadequate group (P < .0005). Seven procedures that failed to provide quality material for mutational analysis and pathological diagnosis were evaluated as inadequate. Cell block provided sufficient DNA for NGS in 6 cases. In 2 cases, a core biopsy could not be performed; hence, the fine‐needle aspirate material confirmed the diagnosis and was used for NGS testing.ConclusionThese results support the incorporation of ROSE into the workflow of precision oncology to obtain high‐quality tissue samples from metastatic lesions. In addition, NGS testing of concurrent cytology specimens with adequate cellularity can be a surrogate for NGS testing of biopsy specimens.
Finite Time Blowup for the Nematic Liquid Crystal Flow in Dimension Two
Authors: Lai Chen‐Chih , Lin Fanghua , Wang Changyou , Wei Juncheng , Zhou Yifu 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider the initial boundary value problem of a simplified nematic liquid crystal flow in a bounded, smooth domain Ω ⊂ ℝ2. Given any k distinct points in the domain, we develop a new inner‐outer gluing method to construct solutions that blow up exactly at those k points as t goes to a finite time T. Moreover, we obtain a precise description of the blowup. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Pre‐filtering based summarization for data partitioning in distributed stream processing
Authors: Aslam Adeel , Chen Hanhua , Jin Hai 
Published: April 2021

SummaryLoad balancing among the processing elements (PEs) of distributed stream processing system (DSPS) is a key issue in the presence of data skewness. Existing data partitioning schemes for DSPS suffer from the scalability problem and system in‐efficiency. Non‐key based partitioning strategies raise prohibitively high memory overhead for the stateful operations with a large number of keys and high data parallelism, while the key‐based schemes introduce load imbalance for highly skewed data. Predicting the nature of stream data in advance can help to reduce the load imbalance among the PEs of DSPS. For this purpose, the heavy hitter algorithms approximate the hot items of streaming data. However, existing designs suffer from unsatisfied prediction accuracy. In this work, we propose an efficient algorithm to filter hot items in a stream of incoming data. The proposed scheme dynamically monitors the items of a stream and greatly improves the accuracy of estimation by keeping the actual key‐value pair for the frequent items. On one hand, to ensure better load balancing for the skewed data streams, the detected hot keys are directed to more than two PEs randomly from the limited workers. On the other hand, for less frequent keys, the proposed scheme explores the principle of the power of two choices to distribute load. We conduct extensive experiments on both real‐world and synthetic data sets. The results show that the proposed pre‐filtering approach significantly outperforms existing designs in terms of prediction accuracy. The results also show that our design achieves a more balanced load as compared to the existing designs.
Spatially Resolved Kinetic Model of Parahydrogen Induced Polarisation (PHIP) in a Microfluidic Chip
Authors: Ostrowska Sylwia J , Rana Aabidah , Utz Marcel 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe report a spatially resolved kinetic finite element model of parahydrogen‐induced polarisation (PHIP) in a microfluidic chip that was calibrated using on‐chip and off‐chip NMR data. NMR spectroscopy has great potential as a read‐out technique for lab‐on‐a‐chip (LoC) devices, but is often limited by sensitivity. By integrating PHIP with a LoC device, a continuous stream of hyperpolarised material can be produced, and mass sensitivities of
have been achieved. However, the yield and polarisation levels have so far been quite low, and can still be optimised. To facilitate this, a kinetic model of the reaction has been developed, and its rate constants have been calibrated using macroscopic kinetic measurements. The kinetic model was then coupled with a finite element model of the microfluidic chip. The model predicts the concentration of species involved in the reaction as a function of flow rate and position in the device. The results are in quantitative agreement with published experimental data.
Co‐infection of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and pulmonary CMV in a infant with X‐linked severe combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Cheng Lin , Liu Keyu , Luo Xiaojuan , Mao Xiaoning , Chen Yunsheng , Cao Ke 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe herein report a rare case of co‐infection of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and pulmonary CMV in a 3‐month‐old infant with X‐linked severe combined immunodeficiency, in which diagnostic clues were obtained from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. We focus on the value of cytological diagnosis of P. jirovecii pneumonia and pulmonary CMV in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Recognizing morphological characteristics of these pathogenic microorganisms is important to get timely diagnosis and treatment for the patients. Furthermore, repeated severe infections in infants should remind us to screen for immunosuppressed states.
Three‐phasic pattern of C‐peptide decline in type 1 diabetes patients with partial remission
Authors: Shi Mei , Xie Yuting , Tang Rong , Zhong Ting , Zhou Zhiguang , Li Xia 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAimsTo explore the different patterns of C‐peptide decline in patients with and without partial remission of newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D).Materials and methodsA total of 298 patients with new‐onset T1D were followed up regularly at 3 months' interval to investigate the loss of C‐peptide. Partial remission was determined by postprandial C‐peptide ≥300 pmol/L or insulin dose‐adjusted A1c ≤ 9 in the absence of C‐peptide. Beta‐cell function was defined as preserved, residual or failed by postprandial C‐peptide of ≥200 pmol/L, 50–200 pmol/L or ≤50 pmol/L, respectively.ResultsAltogether, 199 out of 298 patients (125 adults) had partial remission. The pattern of C‐peptide change in patients with partial remission was three‐phasic, demonstrating an upward trend followed by a downward trend of fast first and then slow, while the pattern in patients without partial remission was biphasic, showing an initial fast fall and a subsequent slower decrease. The patterns remained consistent when patients were stratified by the age of onset. At 3 years, there were 71% of the patients with partial remission still had preserved or residual beta‐cell function, while 89% of the patients who had no partial remission developed beta‐cell function failure. In patients whose partial remission ended, the average C‐peptide was still higher than duration‐matched patients without partial remission.ConclusionsPatients with partial remission of T1D have a distinct three‐phasic pattern of C‐peptide decline, other than the widely recognized biphasic pattern. The effect of partial remission still exist​s after remission ends.
Rehabilitation of a Riparian Site Contaminated by Tailings from the Fundão Dam, Brazil, Using Different Remediation Strategies
Authors: Gomes Alessandra R. , Antão Arthur , Santos Amanda G.P. , Lacerda Tomás J. , Medeiros Mirelli B. , Saenz Luis Alberto I. , Alvarenga Stael , Santos Carlos Henrique , Rigobelo Everlon C. , Scotti Maria Rita 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The tailings spilled by the Fundão Dam rupture in the Doce River basin (Brazil) had a high pH, elevated sodium (Na) and ether amine, and low soil organic matter. With the aim of decreasing the toxic compounds, we established 2 remediation strategies: treatment 1, phytoremediation with tolerant native species of the Atlantic Forest cultivated on scraped sediment plus the incorporation of organic matter; and treatment 2, phytoremediation with native species plus superficial deposition of organic matter. The experimental site was compared with a degraded site that the dam tailings had reached and with a preserved site, a fragment of preserved Atlantic Forest. After 12 mo, plants showed an outstanding growth, especially after treatment 1 (~4 m), and the remediation procedures resulted in significant decreases in pH (from 8.0 to ~ 6.0), Na (from 154 to 22–35 mg/kg), electrical conductivity, and ether amine (from 6.0 to 0.5 mg/kg) in both treatments. By contrast, ammonium, a product of ether amine degradation, showed a significant increase in the experimental site, along with a significant increase in nitrate and improvement of soil microbial populations assessed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis. The treatments also improved soil fertility in the experimental site, as estimated by soil nutrients, cation exchange capacity, and soil aggregation. Based on the parameters analyzed, a principal component analysis showed that samples from the degraded site and the preserved site clustered in an opposite position and those from the experimental site clustered in an intermediate position but closer to the samples from the preserved site. Overall, our results demonstrated that the remediation procedures adopted were effective and resulted in rehabilitation of a riparian forest contaminated with dam tailings that included Na and ether amine. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2359–2373. © 2021 SETAC.
Abstract
A riparian site contaminated with tailings from the Fundão Dam, Brazil, before and after remediation. The tailings from the Fundão dam that reached the Doce River basin presented high levels of sodium (Na), ether amine and very low fertility levels, seriously compromising the restoration of riparian forests and the crop production. After remediating Na and ether amine by adopting phyto- and physico-chemical remediation co-strategies, it was possible to establish a forest fragment with native species of the Atlantic Forest and recover the soil quality.
Ingestion and Toxicity of Polystyrene Microplastics in Freshwater Bivalves
Authors: Weber Annkatrin , Jeckel Nina , Weil Carolin , Umbach Simon , Brennholt Nicole , Reifferscheid Georg , Wagner Martin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The ubiquity of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems has raised concerns over their interaction with biota. However, microplastics research on freshwater species, especially mollusks, is still scarce. We, therefore, investigated the factors affecting microplastics ingestion in the freshwater mussel Dreissena polymorpha. Using polystyrene spheres (5, 10, 45, 90 µm), we determined the body burden of microplastics in the mussels in relation to 1) exposure and depuration time, 2) body size, 3) food abundance, and 4) microplastic concentrations. D. polymorpha rapidly ingested microplastics and excreted most particles within 12 h. A few microplastics were retained for up to 1 wk. Smaller individuals had a higher relative body burden of microplastics than larger individuals. The uptake of microplastics was concentration-dependent, whereas an additional food supply (algae) reduced it. We also compared the ingestion of microplastics by D. polymorpha with 2 other freshwater species (Anodonta anatina, Sinanodonta woodiana), highlighting that absolute and relative uptake depends on the species and the size of the mussels. In addition, we determined toxicity of polystyrene fragments (≤63 µm, 6.4–100 000 p mL–1) and diatomite (natural particle, 100 000 p mL–1) in D. polymorpha after 1, 3, 7, and 42 d of exposure, investigating clearance rate, energy reserves, and oxidative stress. Despite ingesting large quantities, exposure to polystyrene fragments only affected the clearance rate of D. polymorpha. Further, results of the microplastic and diatomite exposure did not differ significantly. Therefore, D. polymorpha is unaffected by or can compensate for polystyrene fragment toxicity even at concentrations above current environmental levels. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2247–2260. © 2021 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Abstract
Microplastic ingestion by freshwater mussels depends on the exposure time, body size, food availability, and microplastic concentration. Polystyrene fragments (≤63 µm) affected mussels' clearance rate but not mortality, energy reserves, or oxidative stress. PS = polystyrene; MP = microplastics.
Embryotoxicity and Physiological Compensation in Chicken Embryos Exposed to Crude Oil
Authors: do Amaral-Silva Lara , Rojas-Antich Maria Carolina , Dubansky Benjamin , Tazawa Hiroshi , Burggren Warren W. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Terrestrial, marine, or aquatic oil spills can directly or indirectly contaminate bird eggs. We hypothesized that chicken embryos exposed to crude oil can physiologically compensate to mitigate the potentially toxic effect of lower doses of oil. Embryos exposed to 0, 1, 3, or 5 µL of oil on embryonic days 4 and 10 were initially analyzed for mortality. All oil doses decreased day 4 embryo survival, but only the 2 highest oil doses lowered survival when applied on day 10. Thus, day 15 embryos treated with 1, 3, and 5 µL of source oil on day 10 had arterialized blood analyzed. The hematological variables hematocrit, red blood cell concentration ([RBC]), and hemoglobin concentration increased in response to 1 µL, were unchanged by 3 µL, and decreased by 5 µL of oil treatment. No changes occurred in arterialized blood gas variables (partial pressure of O2 [PO2], pH, bicarbonate concentration) for 1 and 3 µL embryos, but 5 µL of oil decreased PO2 and caused metabolic acidosis. Increased blood lactate in embryos treated with 3 and 5 µL of oil was correlated with decreased hematocrit and [RBC] and increased body mass, the latter likely reflecting edema. We conclude that embryos in middle development physiologically compensated for negative effects of lower doses of crude oil but that higher doses of oil were harmful to the embryos at all developmental stages. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2347–2358. © 2021 SETAC
Defining brain health: A concept analysis
Authors: Chen Yaohua , Demnitz Naiara , Yamamoto Stacey , Yaffe Kristine , Lawlor Brian , Leroi Iracema 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesBrain health is an important focus for coming decades due to population ageing. Although the term ‘brain health’ is increasingly used in lay and professional settings, a clear definition of the term is lacking. We conducted an analysis of the concept of brain health to inform policy, practice, and research.MethodsWe applied a hybrid concept analysis method involving three stages: (1) a review of the extant literature for definitions of brain health; (2) field work, involving an international survey of ‘brain health’ researchers and practitioners; and (3) a final analysis, integrating the findings into a working definition and model.ResultsOur review of the literature identified 13 articles defining brain health, six of which proposed their own definition. Our survey revealed that the term ‘brain health’ was used in diverse ways based on different theoretical frameworks. From the review and survey, we extracted attributes, antecedents, and consequences of brain health. These were synthesized into a definition of brain health as a life‐long, multidimensional, dynamic state consisting of cognitive, emotional and motor domains underpinned by physiological processes and can be objectively measured and subjectively experienced. It is influenced by eco‐biopsychosocial determinants.ConclusionThis working definition of brain health is a foundation for developing policy, practice, research and advocacy. The definition needs to be operationalised through further development of empirical referents, including cross‐cultural understanding, adaptation and validation.
Impacts of local public smoking bans on smoking behaviors and tobacco smoke exposure
Authors: Catalano Michael A. , Gilleskie Donna B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper examines the immediate and long‐term effects of public smoking bans on smoking prevalence, smoking regularity, smoking intensity, and secondhand tobacco smoke exposure. We supplement the extensive literature on the effects of various types of tobacco control legislation on smoking behavior in developed countries by studying the provincial smoking bans and more recent national ban of a middle‐income country, Argentina. We focus on the difference between full and partial smoking bans, and take advantage of the time and province variation in ban implementation in order to determine the causal effects of each type of ban. We find that full bans reduce national smoking prevalence over time, especially among younger demographic groups, but have no significant impact on intensity of smoking among smokers. Full bans also benefit nonsmokers, as they are associated with a significant reduction in environmental tobacco smoke exposure. Partial bans do not significantly impact smoking prevalence, and are found to increase smoking intensity among individuals who smoke every day. These findings provide support for ratification of full bans by all provinces according to the National Tobacco Control Law of 2011.