bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Stabilization of the Solid/Cathode Electrolyte Interface in Lithium Metal Batteries by a New Weakly Solvating Electrolyte
Authors: Pham Thuy Duong , Lee Kyung‐Koo 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSo far, the practical application of Li metal batteries has been hindered by the undesirable formation of Li dendrites and low Coulombic efficiencies (CEs). Herein, 1,2‐diethoxyethane (DEE) is proposed as a new electrolytic solvent for lithium metal batteries (LMBs), and the performances of 1.0 m LiFSI in DEE are evaluated. Because of the low dielectric constant and dipole moment of DEE, the majority of the FSI− exists in associated states like contact ion pairs and aggregates, which is similar to the highly concentrated electrolytes. These associated complexes are involved in the reduction reaction on the Li metal anode, forming sound solid electrolyte interphase layers. Furthermore, free FSI− ions in DEE are observed to participate in the formation of cathode electrolyte interphase layers. These passivation layers not only suppress dendrite growth on the Li anode but also prevent unwanted side‐reactions on the LiFePO4 cathode. The average CE of the Li||Cu cells in LiFSI–DEE is observed to be 98.0%. Moreover, LiFSI–DEE also plays an important role in enhancing the cycling stability of the Li||LiFP cell with a capacity retention of 93.5% after 200 cycles. These results demonstrate the benefits of LiFSI–DEE, which creates new possibilities for high‐energy‐density rechargeable LMBs.
A Metal–Organic Framework Nanorod‐Assembled Superstructure and Its Derivative: Unraveling the Fast Potassium Storage Mechanism in Nitrogen‐Modified Micropores
Authors: Liang Zibin , Wu Yingxiao , Cheng Jinqian , Tang Yanqun , Shi Jinming , Qiu Tianjie , Li Wei , Gao Song , Zhong Ruiqin , Zou Ruqiang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract3D carbon‐based materials with multiscale hierarchy are promising electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion applications, but the synthesis in an efficient and large‐scale way is still a great challenge. Herein, a carbon nanorod‐assembled 3D superstructure is facilely fabricated by morphology‐preserving conversion of a metal–organic framework (MOF) nanorod‐assembled superstructure. The MOF superstructure can be fabricated in one‐pot synthesis with high reproducibility and high yield by precise control of the MOF nucleation and growth. Its derived carbon inherits the nanorod‐assembled superstructure and possesses abundant micropores and nitrogen doping, which can serve as a high‐performance anode material for fast potassium storage. The superiority of the superstructure and the synergism of micropore capturing and nitrogen anchoring are verified both experimentally and theoretically.
Correlation of serum cystatin C with inflammatory cytokines in patients with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Zou Jingrong , Sun Haitao , Xiang Yang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a world‐wide leading health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates. Emerging studies have demonstrated that TBI is the consequence of a series of inflammatory responses in the body. The alteration of Cystatin C (Cys C) was reported in a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases and was also recommended as a biomarker for predicting renal diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between serum Cys C and TBI, and to evaluate the prognostic role of Cys C in TBI prediction. One hundred and seventy‐six patients with TBI were recruited and 102 patients were finally analyzed, with 30 healthy control subjects. The concentrations of Cys C were significantly reduced in the healthy control group compared to the TBI group, and correlated with high GCS scores. The levels of hsCRP, counts of white blood cells, and levels of IL‐6 and TNF‐α were remarkably elevated in the TBI patients compared with the control group in a severity‐dependent manner. Moreover, the concentration of Cys C was negatively correlated with TBI severity and positively correlated with inflammatory factors. In conclusion, serum Cys is an inflammatory cytokine‐related factor and might indicate the severity of TBI thus serving as a prognostic biomarker.
Zinc‐Terpyridine Based Chemosensor for Detection of Pyrophosphate Anion in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Das Dipankar , Sutradhar Sourav , Singh Akta , Ghosh Biswa Nath 
Published: April 2021

AbstractA simple fluorescent sensor of zinc‐terpyridine complex of the terpyridine ligand 4′‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐2,2′ : 6′,2′′‐terpyridine was prepared and utilized for selective sensing of pyrophosphate anion (PPi) in aqueous medium at physiological pH. The sensor complex showed an excellent selectivity of PPi over various other anions such as Cl−, F−, Br−, I−, CO32−, HCO3−, NO3−, OH−, HPO42−, SO42−, SO32−, S2O32− in water. UV‐Visible and fluorescence spectroscopic method have been used to perform the detection study. The sensor complex showed ∼50 fold enhancement of fluorescence intensity upon addition of PPi and excellent sensitivity with lowest limit of detection (LOD) for the detection of PPi anion was found to be ∼300 nM.
New bi-harmonic superspace formulation of 4D, $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 SYM theory
Authors: Buchbinder I. L. , Ivanov E. A. , Ivanovskiy V. A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We develop a novel bi-harmonic $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 superspace formulation of the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory (SYM) in four dimensions. In this approach, the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM superfield constraints are solved in terms of on-shell $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 harmonic superfields. Such an approach provides a convenient tool of constructing the manifestly $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 supersymmetric invariants and further rewriting them in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 harmonic superspace. In particular, we present $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 superfield form of the leading term in the $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM effective action which was known previously in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 superspace formulation.
The integrability of Virasoro charges for axisymmetric Killing horizons
Authors: Chen Lin-Qing 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Through the analysis of null symplectic structure, we derive the condition for integrable Virasoro generators on the covariant phase space of axisymmetric Killing horizons. A weak boundary condition selects a special relationship between the two temperatures for the putative CFT. When the integrability is satisfied for both future and past horizons, the two central charges are equal. At the end we discuss the physical implications.
Quantitative Estimates for Nonlinear Sampling Kantorovich Operators
Authors: Çetin Nursel , Costarelli Danilo , Vinti Gianluca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we establish quantitative estimates for nonlinear sampling Kantorovich operators in terms of the modulus of smoothness in the setting of Orlicz spaces. This general frame allows us to directly deduce some quantitative estimates of approximation in$$L^{p}$$Lp-spaces,$$1\le p<\infty $$1≤p<∞, and in other well-known instances of Orlicz spaces, such as the Zygmung and the exponential spaces. Further, the qualitative order of approximation has been obtained assumingfin suitable Lipschitz classes. The above estimates achieved in the general setting of Orlicz spaces, have been also improved in the$$L^p$$Lp-case, using a direct approach suitable to this context. At the end, we consider the particular cases of the nonlinear sampling Kantorovich operators constructed by using some special kernels.
The lack of retropatellar resurfacing at index surgery is significantly associated with failure in patients following patellofemoral inlay arthroplasty: a multi-center study of more than 260 patients
Authors: Imhoff Andreas B. , Bartsch Eva , Becher Christoph , Behrens Peter , Bode Gerrit , Cotic Matthias , Diermeier Theresa , Falk Holger , Feucht Matthias J. , Haupt Ulrich , Hinterwimmer Stefan , Holz Johannes , Hutter René , Kaiser René , Knoblauch Tobias , Nebelung Wolfgang , Niemeyer Philipp , O’Donnel Turlough , Pagenstert Geert , Patzer Thilo , Rose Tim , Rupp Marco C. , Tischer Thomas , Venjakob Arne J. , Vogt Stephan , Pogorzelski Jonas 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with a minimum 2-year follow-up following contemporary patellofemoral inlay arthroplasty (PFIA) and to identify potential risk factors for failure in a multi-center study.

Methods
All patients who underwent implantation of PFIA between 09/2009 and 11/2016 at 11 specialized orthopedic referral centers were enrolled in the study and were evaluated retrospectively at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Clinical outcomes included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the Tegner Scale, the visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, and subjective patient satisfaction. Pre- and perioperative risk factors were compared among failures and non-failures to determine potential risk factors.

Results
A total of 263 patients (85% follow-up rate) could be enrolled. The mean age at the time of index surgery was 49 ± 12 years with a mean postoperative follow-up of 45 ± 18 months. The overall failure rate was 11% (28 patients), of which 18% (5 patients) were patients with patella resurfacing at index surgery and 82% (23 patients) were patients without initial patella resurfacing. At final follow-up, 93% of the patients who did not fail were satisfied with the procedure with a mean transformed WOMAC Score of 84.5 ± 14.5 points, a mean KOOS Score of 73.3 ± 17.1 points, a mean Tegner Score of 3.4 ± 1.4 points and a mean VAS pain of 2.4 ± 2.0 points. An increased BMI was significantly correlated with a worse postoperative outcome. Concomitant procedures addressing patellofemoral instability or malalignment, the lack of patellofemoral resurfacing at the index surgery and a high BMI were significantly correlated with failure in our patient cohort.

Conclusion
Patellofemoral inlay arthroplasty shows high patient satisfaction with good functional outcomes at short-term follow-up and thus can be considered a viable treatment option in young patients suffering from isolated patellofemoral arthritis. Patellar resurfacing at index surgery is recommended to decrease the risk of failure.

Level of evidence
Retrospective case series, Level IV.
Neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin as a biomarker of nephropathy in sickle cell disease
Authors: Marouf Rajaa , Adekile Adekunle D. , El-Muzaini Hadeel , Abdulla Rasha , Mojiminiyi Olusegun A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSickle cell nephropathy (SCN) develops via altered hemodynamics and acute kidney injury, but conventional screening tests remain normal until advanced stages. Early diagnostic biomarkers are needed so that preventive measures can be taken. This study evaluates the role of neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL) as a biomarker of SCN in steady state and vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC). In this case-control study, 74 sickle cell disease (SCD) patients (37 in steady state and 37 in VOC) and 53 control subjects had hematological and biochemical measurements including plasma and urine NGAL. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were used to find the associations between variables. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the diagnostic performance characteristics of plasma and urine NGAL for detection of VOC. Plasma and urine NGAL, urine microalbumin:creatinine ratio, and urine protein:creatinine ratio were significantly higher in VOC. Microalbuminuria was present in 17.1% steady state and 32.0% VOC patients. Microalbuminuria showed significant correlations with age, plasma NGAL, WBC, and hemolytic parameters. Area under the ROC curve for plasma NGAL was 0.69 (95%CI = 0.567–0.813; p = 0.006) and 0.86 (95%CI = 0.756–0.954; p < 0.001) for urine NGAL. Urine NGAL cut-off value of 12.0 ng/mL had 95% sensitivity and 65% specificity. These results confirm the presence of nephropathy during VOC and suggest that plasma and urine NGAL would be useful in the identification of SCN. Urine NGAL should be used as the screening biomarker, and patients with VOC and urine NGAL > 12.0 ng/mL should be selected for aggressive management to prevent progression of renal damage.
Temporal changes in epidemiological profile and fetal indications for late termination of pregnancy: a retrospective single-center study
Authors: Muin Dana Anaïs , Otte Patricia , Scharrer Anke , Kasprian Gregor , Husslein Peter W. , Kiss Herbert , Bettelheim Dieter 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To explore whether epidemiological shifts regarding reproduction and pregnancy have influenced the spectrum of indications for late termination of singleton pregnancies (TOP) above 17 weeks of gestation and to evaluate temporal changes in maternal demographics and fetal indications over the last 16 years.

Methods
Retrospective single-center cohort study involving all late TOPs preceded by feticide between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2019 at a tertiary referral hospital in Austria. Outcome variables were retrieved and a time trend assessed between two 8-year intervals (2004–2011 versus 2012–2019).

Results
Between January 2004 and December 2019, a total of 209 singleton pregnancies (50.7% male; 46.9% female fetuses, 2.4% no disclosed sex) were terminated medically at a median gestational age of 25+1 (17+3–37+1) weeks at our institution. Predominant conditions legally justifying the late medical abortion were abnormaltities of the brain/central nervous system (n = 83; 39.7%), chromosomal aberrations (n = 33; 15.8%), complex malformations (n = 31; 4.8%) and abnormaltities of the musculosceletal system including diaphragmatic hernias (n = 18; 8.6%), as reflected by the ICD-10-categories “Congenital malformation of the central nervous system”, “Other congenital malformations” and “Chromosomal abnormalities”. No changes were observed with regards to maternal age (30.1 ± 5.9 vs. 31.0 ± 6.0 years;  p = 0.315) nor frequency of assisted reproductive technologies (7.0% vs. 8.5%; p = 0.550). Despite a 2.5-fold increase in incidence of late TOPs, no epidemiological changes in maternal or fetal characteristics were observed over the last 16 years.

Conclusion
Population profile and indications for late TOPs followed by feticide remain unchanged over time.
In vitro characterisation of low-cost synthetic meshes intended for hernia repair in the UK
Authors: Grillo A. , Hyder Z. , Mudera V. , Kureshi A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Low-cost meshes (LCM) were repurposed for the repair of hernias in the developing world. In vivo studies have shown LCM to have comparable results to commercial meshes (CM) at a fraction of the cost. However, little has been done to characterise the mechanical and biocompatible properties of LCM, preventing its clinical use in the UK. The objectives of the research are to assess mechanical and ultrastructural properties of two UK-sourced low-cost meshes (LCM) and the characterisation of the LCMs in vitro biocompatibility.

Methods
Mechanical properties of the two LCM were measured through uniaxial tensile test and ultrastructure was evaluated with Scanning Electron Microscopy. LIVE/DEAD® Viability/Cytotoxicity Assay kit and alamarBlue were used to assess cellular viability and proliferation, respectively. Images were acquired with a fluorescence microscope and analysed using ImageJ (NIH, USA).

Results
LCM1 and LCM2 were both multifilament meshes, with the first having smaller pores than the latter. LCM1 exhibited significantly higher tensile strength (p < 0.05) than LCM2 but significantly lower extensibility (p < 0.0001), while Young’s Modulus of the two samples was not significantly different. No significant difference was found in the cellular viability and morphology cultured in LCM1 and LCM2 conditioned media. Metabolic assay and fluorescence imaging showed cellular attachment and proliferation on both LCMs over 14 days.

Conclusion
The characterisation of the two UK-sourced LCMs showed in vitro biocompatibility and mechanical and ultrastructural properties comparable to the equivalent CM. This in vitro data represents a step forward for the feasibility of adopting LCM for surgical repair of hernias in the UK.
Feline communication strategies when presented with an unsolvable task: the attentional state of the person matters
Authors: Zhang Lingna , Needham Katie B. , Juma Serena , Si Xuemei , Martin François 
Published: April 2021

AbstractResearch on social cognitive ability in domestic cats is limited. The current study investigated social referencing in cats when exposed to first, a solvable, and then, an unsolvable scenario (i.e., reachable and unreachable treats) in the presence of either an attentive or an inattentive caregiver. Cats expressed more gaze alternation (P = 0.013), but less interaction with the caregiver (P = 0.048) and approached the treat container less frequently (P = 0.017) during the unsolvable test, compared to the solvable test. When in the presence of an attentive caregiver, cats initiated first gaze at the caregiver faster (P = 0.001); gazed at the caregiver for longer (P = 0.034); and approached the treat more frequently (P = 0.040), compared to when the caregiver was inattentive. Significant interaction was observed between test and caregiver’s attentional state on the expression of sequential behavior, a type of showing behavior. Cats exhibited this behavior marginally more with attentive caregivers, compared to inattentive caregivers, but only during the unsolvable test. There was a decrease in sequential behavior during the unsolvable test, compared to solvable test, but this was only seen with inattentive caregivers (P = 0.018). Our results suggest that gaze alternation is a behavior reliably indicating social referencing in cats and that cats’ social communication with humans is affected by the person’s availability for visual interaction.
Politische Erfahrungen bei der wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Transformation
Authors: Bergner Christoph 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungDer deutsche Vereinigungsprozess wird aus verschiedenen Perspektiven unterschiedlich beurteilt. Die Darstellungen reichen von kaum vorstellbaren Erfolgen bis bin zu einer Traumatisierung der Bevölkerung der östlichen Bundesländer. Sechs Thesen sollen die gesellschaftliche und wirtschaftliche Transformation im Zuge der deutschen Vereinigung verdeutlichen.
Es liegt nicht alles am Sozialismus — über Ost-West-Unterschiede und ihre Ursprünge
Authors: Becker Sascha O. , Mergele Lukas , Wößmann Ludger 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungAuch zum 30. Jubiläum der Deutschen Einheit ist noch viel von Ost-West-Unterschieden die Rede. Im Vordergrund stehen hierbei neben rein ökonomischen Differenzen auch Unterschiede in soziokulturellen Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen. Dass diese Diskussionen auch nach so langer Zeit noch geführt werden, erscheint erstaunlich und wirft die Frage nach der Herkunft dieser anhaltenden Differenzen auf. Typischerweise wird diese Frage mit der Erfahrung verschiedener politischer Systeme beantwortet, die unterschiedliche gesellschaftliche Prägungen zur Folge hatten. Folglich entwickelte sich auch in den Sozial wissenschaften ein großes Interesse an der deutschen Teilung 1949 in die Deutsche Demokratische Republik und die Bundesrepublik Deutschland sowie an der Wiedervereinigung 1990. Die Bevölkerung in Ost- und Westdeutschland unterschied sich jedoch bereits vor der Teilung. Die heute verbleibenden Unterschiede müssen dennoch nicht als unveränderlich hingenommen werden.
Production of the sheep pox virus structural protein SPPV117 in tobacco chloroplasts
Authors: Stanbekova Gulshan , Beisenov Daniyar , Nizkorodova Anna , Iskakov Bulat , Warzecha Heribert 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objective
A chloroplast transgenic approach was assessed in order to produce a structural protein SPPV117 of sheep pox virus in Nicotiana tabacum for the future development of a plant-based subunit vaccine against sheep pox.

Results
Two DNA constructs containing SPPV117 coding sequence under the control of chloroplast promoter and terminator of psbA gene or rrn promoter and rbcL terminator were designed and inserted into the chloroplast genome by a biolistic method. The transgenic plants were selected via PCR analysis. Northern and Western blot analysis showed expression of the transgene at transcriptional and translational levels, respectively. The recombinant protein accumulated to about 0.3% and 0.9% of total soluble protein in leaves when expressed from psbA and rrn promoter, respectively. Plant-produced SPPV117 protein was purified using metal affinity chromatography and the protein yield was 19.67  ±  1.25 µg g−1 (FW). The serum of a sheep infected with the virus recognised the chloroplast-produced protein indicating that the protein retains its antigenic properties.

Conclusions
These results demonstrate that chloroplasts are a suitable system for the production of a candidate subunit vaccine against sheep pox.
A multimodal corpus of simulated consultations between a patient and multiple healthcare professionals
Authors: Snaith Mark , Conway Nicholas , Beinema Tessa , De Franco Dominic , Pease Alison , Kantharaju Reshmashree , Janier Mathilde , Huizing Gerwin , Pelachaud Catherine , op den Akker Harm 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLanguage resources for studying doctor–patient interaction are rare, primarily due to the ethical issues related to recording real medical consultations. Rarer still are resources that involve more than one healthcare professional in consultation with a patient, despite many chronic conditions requiring multiple areas of expertise for effective treatment. In this paper, we present the design, construction and output of the Patient Consultation Corpus, a multimodal corpus of simulated consultations between a patient portrayed by an actor, and at least two healthcare professionals with different areas of expertise. As well as the transcribed text from each consultation, the corpus also contains audio and video where for each consultation: the audio consists of individual tracks for each participant, allowing for clear identification of speakers; the video consists of two framings for each participant—upper-body and face—allowing for close analysis of behaviours and gestures. Having presented the design and construction of the corpus, we then go on to briefly describe how the multi-modal nature of the corpus allows it to be analysed from several different perspectives.
On the Effect of Shear Loading Rate on Contact Area Shrinking in Adhesive Soft Contacts
Authors: Papangelo Antonio 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAdhesion and, its interplay with friction, is central in several engineering applications involving soft contacts. Recently, there has been an incredible push towards a better understanding on how the apparent contact area evolves when a shear load is applied to an adhesive soft contact, both experimentally and theoretically. Although soft materials are well-known to exhibit rate-dependent properties, there is still a lack of understanding in how the loading rate could affect the contact area shrinking. Indeed, most of the experiments involving a sphere-flat contact have been conducted at a fixed loading rate, and, so far, analytical models have assumed a constant work of adhesion, independent on the peeling velocity. Here, by using linear elastic fracture mechanics, an analytical model is derived for the contact of a rigid sphere on a soft adhesive substrate, which is aimed at elucidating the effect that a rate-dependent work of adhesion has on the contact area shrinking. The model results show that contact area reduction is very sensitive to the loading rate, with slower loading rates promoting a stronger shrinking, which seems in agreement with Literature results. Furthermore it is shown that rate effects enhance the apparent interfacial toughness, i.e. more energy is needed to drive the system from full stick up to gross sliding.