bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observation of intra- and intermolecular vibrational coherences of the aqueous tryptophan radical induced by photodetachment
Authors: Bin Mohd Yusof Muhammad Shafiq , Debnath Tushar , Loh Zhi-Heng 
Published: October 2021

The study of the photodetachment of amino acids in aqueous solution is pertinent to the understanding of elementary processes that follow the interaction of ionizing radiation with biological matter. In the case of tryptophan, the tryptophan radical that is produced by electron ejection also plays an important role in numerous redox reactions in biology, although studies of its ultrafast molecular dynamics are limited. Here, we employ femtosecond optical pump–probe spectroscopy to elucidate the ultrafast structural rearrangement dynamics that accompany the photodetachment of the aqueous tryptophan anion by intense, ∼5-fs laser pulses. The observed vibrational wave packet dynamics, in conjunction with density functional theory calculations, identify the vibrational modes of the tryptophan radical, which participate in structural rearrangement upon photodetachment. Aside from intramolecular vibrational modes, our results also point to the involvement of intermolecular modes that drive solvent reorganization about the N–H moiety of the indole sidechain. Our study offers new insight into the ultrafast molecular dynamics of ionized biomolecules and suggests that the present experimental approach can be extended to investigate the photoionization- or photodetachment-induced structural dynamics of larger biomolecules.
Investigation of carrier transport and collection characteristics for GaAs-based betavoltaic batteries
Authors: Zheng Renzhou , Wang Yu , Lu Jingbin , Li Xiaoyi , Chen Ziyi , Zhang Xue , Zhang Yuehui , Zeng Yugang , Liang Lei , Qin Li , Chen Yongyi , Liu Yumin 
Published: October 2021

This paper presents a simulation model to predict the performance of GaAs-based betavoltaic batteries with a p–n junction structure, in which the carrier transport and collection characteristics were studied. First, the electron–hole pair generation rate in the GaAs material under the irradiation of a 63Ni source was calculated using the Monte Carlo codes. Furthermore, by simulating the energy band structure, electric field distribution, and current density distribution in batteries with the finite element analysis software COMSOL Multiphysics, we analyzed the effects of structure parameters on the output performance. Our simulation results showed that the short-circuit current density (Jsc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), maximum output power density (Pm), and energy conversion efficiency (η) of the batteries are significantly affected by the thicknesses and doping concentrations of the p-region and n-region (Hp-GaAs, Hn-GaAs, Na, and Nd). The optimized GaAs-based battery with an Hp-GaAs value of 0.1 μm, an Hn-GaAs value of 9.9 μm, an Na value of 3.98 × 1016 cm−3, and an Nd value of 1 × 1015 cm−3 can achieve a Pm value of 0.080 μW/cm2. The related Jsc, Voc, and η values are 0.234 μA/cm2, 0.49 V, and 1.55%, respectively. When the top and bottom heavily doped layers are introduced, the Pm value of the battery is enhanced by 7.5% compared to that of the battery without heavily doped layers due to the formed drift fields.
Integrated spatial multiomics reveals fibroblast fate during tissue repair
Authors: Foster Deshka S. , Januszyk Michael , Yost Kathryn E. , Chinta Malini S. , Gulati Gunsagar S. , Nguyen Alan T. , Burcham Austin R. , Salhotra Ankit , Ransom R. Chase , Henn Dominic , Chen Kellen , Mascharak Shamik , Tolentino Karen , Titan Ashley L. , Jones R. Ellen , da Silva Oscar , Leavitt W. Tripp , Marshall Clement D. , des Jardins-Park Heather E. , Hu Michael S. , Wan Derrick C. , Wernig Gerlinde , Wagh Dhananjay , Coller John , Norton Jeffrey A. , Gurtner Geoffrey C. , Newman Aaron M. , Chang Howard Y. , Longaker Michael T. 
Published: October 2021

SignificanceIn the skin, tissue injury results in fibrosis in the form of a scar composed of dense extracellular matrix deposited by fibroblasts. Therapies that promote tissue regeneration rather than fibrosis remain elusive because principles of fibroblast programming and response to injury remain incompletely understood. Here, we present a multimodal -omics platform for the study of cell populations in complex tissue, which has allowed us to characterize wound healing fibroblasts across both time and space. We identify functionally distinct fibroblast subpopulations and track cell fate during the response to wounding. We demonstrate that populations of fibroblasts migrate, proliferate, and differentiate in an adaptive response to disruption of their environment. These results illustrate fundamental principles underlying the cellular response to tissue injury.
Research on fabrication method for floating structures using general photolithography with high versatility
Authors: Horade M , Yamada K , Yamawaki T , Yashima M 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This research reports a micro-fabrication method for plastic microscale structures. Although a stepped shape, such as a cantilever, can be fabricated by micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) deep etching technology, its disadvantages include the complicated fabrication process and its limited utilization with silicon only. Therefore, in this study, with an aim to address the aforementioned problems, we have realized the fabrication of a multi-stage structure using just a general photolithography process with high versatility. Specifically, it can be manufactured using only SU-8 resist and AZ resist, which are often used in the MEMS process. The AZ resist has the advantage of dissolving in the developer of the SU-8 resist, whether exposed or non-exposed. Thus, the sacrificial layer of AZ resist can be implemented with the SU-8 developer, thereby eliminating the need for dangerous chemicals such as hydrofluoric acid, which is used to etch silicon oxide. Herein, we have derived the optimum conditions by considering in advance the thickness of the AZ resist, the time taken to be etched in SU-8, and the desired features. Based on these optimum processing conditions, the structure could be suspended only in the region where the hole array was patterned. Although methods of using AZ resist as a sacrificial layer and floating SU-8 have been reported, in this study, both floating and fixed structures could be simultaneously fabricated by photolithography only. Accordingly, we successfully manufactured a gear structure and a MEMS sensor, both of which have floating and fixed structures. The above structures are made of highly transparent SU-8 on a glass substrate; hence, they are easily observable with a microscope. The reason for the widespread use of polydimethylsiloxane micro-channels is that they are transparent materials that can be observed under a microscope and fabricated by simple photolithography of the SU-8 resist, enabling non-microfabrication specialists to enter this field. These findings have the potential to form the foundation for developing new biochemical tests, such as actuators and sensors driven under a microscope.
A strategic review of recent progress, prospects and challenges of MoS2-based photodetectors
Authors: Wadhwa Riya , Agrawal Abhay V , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTwo-dimensional layered materials have emerged prominently in the past decade, largely being investigated fundamentally and practically. Their unique layered structure and atomic-scale thickness make them attractive with exclusive electrical and optical properties compared to their bulk counterparts. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is the most widely studied material in the family of transition metal dichalcogenides. The direct and variable bandgap, high carrier mobility, thermal and chemical stability makes it an attractive choice for next-generation photodetector applications. MoS2heterojunction-based photodetectors offer ultrafast charge transfer and broadband photoresponse, adding more functionality beyond their individual counterparts. Enormous efforts have been devoted to adopting a new strategy that can improve photodetector performance in terms of responsivity and response time. This review briefly discusses the photo-induced current mechanism and performance parameters along with some important aspects to realize better device performance. Here, we critically review the current status and progress made towards MoS2-based photodetectors, followed by a discussion on open challenges and opportunities in their future application.
A review of the multiscale mechanics of silicon electrodes in high-capacity lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Haoran , Lu Shao-Hao , Wang Xueju , Xia Shuman , Beng Chew Huck 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a significant advancement in understanding the mechanics of silicon (Si) electrodes in lithium (Li)-ion batteries. Much of this interest in Si electrodes as ideal anode materials for high-capacity Li-ion batteries stems from its theoretical specific capacity of 4200 mAh g−1, which is an order-of-magnitude higher than that of conventional graphite electrodes (372 mAh g−1). However, the high capacity of Li ions is also accompanied by a ∼300% volume expansion of the Si electrode during Li intercalation, which results in massive cracking of the electrode and capacity fade. In this review article, we summarize recent progress in elucidating the underlying fracture and failure mechanics of Si electrodes using multiscale computations and experiments, spanning the quantum, atomistic, microscopic, and macroscopic length scales. We focus on four fundamental mechanics issues: (i) the mechanical properties and fracture behavior of lithiated Si electrodes; (ii) the interfacial mechanics between Si thin-film electrodes and current collectors; (iii) the deformation and failure mechanics of the solid electrolyte interphase; and (iv) the design of Si electrodes for improved mechanical performance. Current challenges and possible future directions for the field of mechanics of materials in pursuit of high-capacity rechargeable batteries are also discussed.
Can an amorphous alloy crystallize into a high entropy alloy?
Authors: Rai Nikhil , Das Priyabrata , Gollapudi Srikant 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
On the premise that amorphous-high entropy alloy composites could demonstrate high toughness and resistance to embrittlement akin to the glassy-solid solution composites, we develop a thermodynamics based approach to identify chemical compositions supporting the amorphous to high entropy alloy transformation. Using this thermodynamic approach, we introduce two new parameters called phase selection value and molar volume dispersity and propose seven multi-component compositions which could undergo the amorphous to high entropy alloy transformation. The analysis reveals that bulk metallic glasses may not be supportive of this transformation.
First principles study of Janus WSeTe monolayer and its application in photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Jamdagni Pooja , Pandey Ravindra , Tankeshwar K 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
By employing the state-of-the-art density functional theory method, we demonstrate that Janus WSeTe monolayer exhibits promising photocatalytic properties for solar water splitting. The results show that the monolayer possesses thermodynamic stability, suitable bandgap (∼1.89 eV), low excitons binding energy (∼0.19 eV) together with high hole mobility (∼103 cm2 V−1 s−1). Notably, the results suggest that the oxygen evolution reaction can undergo spontaneously without any sacrificial reagents. In contrast, the overpotential of hydrogen evolution reaction can partially be overcome by the external potential under solar light irradiation. Furthermore, the intrinsic electric field induced by the symmetry breaking along the perpendicular direction of Janus WSeTe monolayer not only suppresses the electron–hole recombination but also contributes to the solar-to-hydrogen efficiency, which is calculated to be ∼19%. These characteristics make the Janus WSeTe monolayer to be a promising candidate for solar water splitting.
Photoinduced-reset and multilevel storage transistor memories based on antimony-doped tin oxide nanoparticles floating gate
Authors: Jin Risheng , Shi Keli , Qiu Beibei , Huang Shihua 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Recently, antimony-doped tin oxide nanoparticles (ATO NPs) have been widely used in the fields of electronics, photonics, photovoltaics, sensing, and other fields because of their good conductivity, easy synthesis, excellent chemical stability, high mechanical strength, good dispersion and low cost. Herein, for the first time, a novel nonvolatile transistor memory device is fabricated using ATO NPs as charge trapping sites to enhance the memory performance. The resulting organic nano-floating gate memory (NFGM) device exhibits outstanding memory properties, including tremendous memory window (∼85 V), superhigh memory on/off ratio (∼109), long data retention (over 10 years) and eminent multilevel storage behavior, which are among the optimal performances in NFGM devices based on organic field effect transistors. Additionally, the device displays photoinduced-reset characteristic with low energy consumption erasing operation. This study provides novel avenues for the manufacture of simple and low-cost data storage devices with outstanding memory performance, multilevel storage behavior and suitability as platforms for integrated circuits.
A novel solder joints inspection method using curvature and geometry features in high-density flexible IC substrates surface mount technology
Authors: Zeng Yong , Hu Yueming , Zhang Xiaohan , Luo Zhongliang , Wei Xiaohui 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The automatic optical inspection based defective diagnosis systems in the surface-mounted device is fairly important to the optimization of electronic manufacturing. The gist of this paper is that presents a novel inspection system for the distinction of defective solder joints on the high-density flexible IC substrates. Initially, an ultra-high precision 3D information acquirement system is elaborated. Then, several critical sub-regions are divided and pivotal features are extracted from them, in which the differential geometry based estimation scheme to obtain discrete curvatures directly and the crest line representation based shape characterization method are proposed. Finally, each type of the solder joints is described with different and ordered feature sequences, and the practical classification process is formulated as the pattern recognition and classification problem, which is also implemented by the set of predefined diagnosis rules of thumb and the introduced logical operations. By classifying seven categories of industrial solder joints and exhaustively comparing with other state-of-the-art methods, the performances of the proposed diagnosis system is validated. Experimental results verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the developed system from three aspects, i.e. inspection speed, total correct rate, and detectable types.
One-dimensional Monte Carlo dynamics at zero temperature
Authors: Chepelianskii Alexei D , Majumdar Satya N , Schawe Hendrik , Trizac Emmanuel 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We investigate, both analytically and with numerical simulations, a Monte Carlo dynamics at zero temperature, where a random walker evolving in continuous space and discrete time seeks to minimize its potential energy, by decreasing this quantity at each jump. The resulting dynamics is universal in the sense that it does not depend on the underlying potential energy landscape, as long as it admits a unique minimum; furthermore, the long time regime does not depend on the details of the jump distribution, but only on its behavior for small jumps. We work out the scaling properties of this dynamics, as embodied by the walker probability density. Our analytical predictions are in excellent agreement with direct Monte Carlo simulations.
The Role of the Natural Course in Causal Analysis
Authors: Rudolph Jacqueline E , Cartus Abigail , Bodnar Lisa M , Schisterman Enrique F , Naimi Ashley I 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The average causal effect compares counterfactual outcomes if everyone had been exposed versus if everyone had been unexposed, which can be an unrealistic contrast. Alternatively, we can target effects that compare counterfactual outcomes against the factual outcomes observed in the sample (i.e., we can compare against the natural course). Here, we demonstrate how the natural course can be estimated and used in causal analyses for model validation and effect estimation. Our example is an analysis assessing the impact of taking aspirin on pregnancy, 26 weeks after randomization, in the Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction trial (United States, 2006–2012). To validate our models, we estimated the natural course using g-computation and then compared that against the observed incidence of pregnancy. We observed good agreement between the observed and model-based natural courses. We then estimated an effect that compared the natural course against the scenario in which participants assigned to aspirin always complied. If participants had always complied, there would have been 5.0 (95% confidence interval: 2.2, 7.8) more pregnancies per 100 women than was observed. It is good practice to estimate the natural course for model validation when using parametric models, but whether one should estimate a natural course contrast depends on the underlying research questions.
Applied Linguists Cultivating Relationships for Justice: An Aspirational Call to Action
Authors: Avineri Netta , Martinez Danny C 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis special issue features applied linguistics scholarship that cultivates relationships for justice. The collection of papers in this special issue challenges the field of applied linguistics to move beyond an acknowledgement of social inequities (through observation, analysis, and critique) toward cultivating relationships for justice (CRJ) - in order to undo past harms and collectively imagine more just futures. The authors/collaborators demonstrate how building systemic social change involves decentering the individual researcher’s interests and instead foregrounding processes of collective solidarity (Martinez et al. 2021), demonstrating how justice is relational and aspirational. In this editorial, we discuss the particular contributions of each paper, alongside thematic connection points across the articles. Our intention in including an editorial, commentaries, and a range of papers is to create space for multi-vocality and diverse genres as part of CRJ. We conclude with an aspirational call to action for members of our applied linguistics academic community.
Validation of the Taiwanese Version of ACE-III (T-ACE-III) to Detect Dementia in a Memory Clinic
Authors: Yu Ruan-Ching , Mukadam Naaheed , Kapur Narinder , Stott Joshua , Hu Chaur-Jong , Hong Chien-Tai , Yang Cheng-Chang , Chan Lung , Huang Li-Kai , Livingston Gill 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Objective
The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) is a 100-points cognitive test used in detecting dementia in many countries. There has been no validation study of the ACE-III in patients with suspected dementia in a Taiwanese population, where the language is traditional Chinese. We aimed to culturally adapt and validate the ACE-III as a cognitive assessment tool for differentiating between people with and without dementia presenting to healthcare professionals in Taiwan with possible dementia.

Methods
We culturally adapted the ACE-III for Taiwan (T-ACE-III) and tested it with consenting patients with suspected dementia in northern Taiwan who had been through the diagnostic process. We calculated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to test the ability of the T-ACE-III to differentiate between dementia and non-dementia cases using clinician diagnosis as the gold standard. We generated the Youden Index to determine the best cut-off score.

Results
We recruited 90 Taiwanese individuals aged 49–93 years: 24 males and 33 females had dementia and 12 males and 21 females did not. The area under the ROC curve was 0.99 for distinguishing dementia from non-dementia. The T-ACE-III had a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 78.8% when the cut-off score was 86/87. With a cut-off value of 73/74, the specificity was 100.0%, and sensitivity 89.5%. The highest Youden Index was 0.895, indicating the best overall cut-off point to be 73/74.

Conclusions
The T-ACE-III is an acceptable cognitive test with excellent psychometric properties for discriminating dementia from non-dementia in Taiwanese populations in memory clinic settings.
Treatment and Prevention of Periprosthetic Capsular Contracture in Breast Surgery With Prosthesis Using Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pașca Andrei , Bonci Eduard-Alexandru , Chiuzan Codruța , Jiboc Nicoleta Monica , Gâta Vlad Alexandru , Muntean Maximilian Vlad , Matei Ileana Rodica , Achimaș-Cadariu Patriciu Andrei 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Capsular contracture (CC) is the most common long-term complication of breast surgery with prosthesis. Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LRAs) have been tested as a potential treatment; however, mixed results have been observed.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to undertake a meta-analysis to clarify the treatment and prophylactic capabilities of LRAs in the management of CC.

Methods
A systematic literature search of the most popular English-language databases was performed to identify relevant primary publications. We included all studies that used the Baker scale to evaluate the treatment and preventive capabilities of LRAs.

Results
Six eligible studies were included based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, totalling 2276 breasts, of which 775 did not receive LRAs and 1501 did. Final pooled results showed that LRAs could help manage CC with a risk difference (RD) of –0.38 with a corresponding 95% CI of –0.69 to –0.08, showing statistical significance at a Z value of 2.48, P = 0.01. Subgroup analysis based on the type of drug showed that only montelukast yielded statistical significance (RD = –0.27, 95% CI = –0.51 to –0.03, Z = 2.20, P = 0.03). Zafirlukast did not seem to influence CC. Further subgroup analysis based on treatment timing showed that prophylaxis was ineffective and only treatment for ongoing CC yielded statistically significant improvements.

Conclusions
The current meta-analysis proved that LRAs could be used in the management of CC. Only treatment for ongoing CC showed statistically significant improvements. Montelukast seemed to be more efficient with a safer profile for adverse effects, whereas zafirlukast yielded no statistically significant results.

Level of Evidence: 4
Preparation of hypoallergenic ovalbumin by high-temperature water treatment
Authors: Okon Kazunobu , Yoshida Tadashi , Hattori Makoto , Matsuda Hiroshi , Osada Mitsumasa 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
The high-temperature water treatment is one of the methods used to reduce the molecular weight of proteins. In this study, in order to establish a practical method for preparing hypoallergenic materials using the high-temperature water treatment, we investigated the effects of processing temperature on the antigenicity and allergenicity of a food allergen. Additionally, the foaming ability of the samples was also evaluated as a function desired in the food industry. We used ovalbumin as a model allergen. As a result, although there was no significant difference among the samples treated with different processing temperatures, all the antigens treated with high-temperature water showed a decrease in antigenicity and allergenicity. In addition, when ovalbumin was treated at a temperature of 130 °C or higher, there was a significant improvement in foaming properties. These findings indicate that high-temperature water treatment is a potential strategy for preparing practical hypoallergenic materials.