bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The geriatric incontinence syndrome: Characterizing geriatric incontinence in older women
Authors: Parker‐Autry Candace , Neiberg Rebecca H. , Leng Iris , Colombo Lisa , Kuchel George A. , Kritchevsky Stephen B. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesAmong older women, the clinical presentation of urinary incontinence (UI) is heterogeneous; presenting as a pelvic floor condition or geriatric syndrome. We aimed to characterize the geriatric incontinence syndrome (GIS) to establish its foundation in clinical practice.DesignProspective study.SettingGeriatric Clinical Research Unit.ParticipantsSixty‐one community‐dwelling women aged 70 and older with bothersome UI symptoms.MeasurementsUI symptom type and severity were determined by 3‐day bladder diary. UI severity was defined; moderate UI defined as <2 UI episodes/day and severe UI defined as ≥2 UI episodes/day. Subjective assessment of physical performance was determined using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score. Total SPPB scores >9 define normal physical performance and scores ≤9 defined impaired physical performance.ResultsThe average age was 77.1 ± 5.8 (mean ± SD) years; 69% of women had severe UI and 31% had moderate UI. Demographic characteristics were similar between groups. Daytime voiding frequency was 7.1 ± 2.9 and nocturia was present equally between groups. The majority of women (59%) with severe UI had SPPB ≤9 compared with 26% among women with moderate UI (p = 0.02); featuring significantly slower chair stand scores (2.3 ± 1.4 vs 3.3 ± 0.9, p = 0.007) and gait speed (0.08 ± 0.2 m/s compared with 1.0 ± 0.2 in women with moderate UI).ConclusionsA multifactorial GIS may be present in older women evidenced by the co‐existence of severe UI, physical disability, slower chair stand pace, and gait speed. Prospective studies are needed to understand how these clinical features may impact the clinical care of older incontinent women.
From research to bedside: Incorporation of a CGA‐based frailty index among multiple comanagement services
Authors: Cooper Lisa , Loewenthal Julia , Frain Laura N. , Tulebaev Samir , Cardin Kristin , Hshieh Tammy T. , Dumontier Clark , Streiter Shoshana , Joseph Carly , Hilt Austin , Theou Olga , Rockwood Kenneth , Orkaby Ariela R. , Javedan Houman 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is the core tool used by geriatricians across diverse clinical settings to identify vulnerabilities and estimate physiologic reserve in older adults. In this paper, we demonstrate the iterative process at our institution to identify and develop a feasible, acceptable, and sustainable bedside CGA‐based frailty index tool (FI‐CGA) that not only quantifies and grades frailty but also provides a uniform way to efficiently communicate complex geriatric concepts such as reserve and vulnerability with other teams. We describe our incorporation of the FI‐CGA into the electronic health record (EHR) and dissemination among clinical services. We demonstrate that an increasing number of patients have documented FI‐CGA in their initial assessment from 2018 to 2020, while additional comanagement services were established (Figure 2). The acceptability and sustainability of the FI‐CGA, and its routine use by geriatricians in our division, were demonstrated by a survey where the majority of clinicians report using the FI‐CGA when assessing a new patient and that the FI‐CGA informs their clinical management. Finally, we demonstrate how we refined and updated the FI‐CGA, we provide examples of applications of the FI‐CGA across the institution and describe areas of ongoing process improvement and challenges for the use of this tailored yet standardized tool across diverse inpatient and outpatient services. The process outlined can be used by other geriatric departments to introduce and incorporate an FI‐CGA.
From psychiatry to neurology: Psychedelics as prospective therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders
Authors: Kozlowska Urszula , Nichols Charles , Wiatr Kalina , Figiel Maciej 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe studies of psychedelics, especially psychedelic tryptamines like psilocybin, are rapidly gaining interest in neuroscience research. Much of this interest stems from recent clinical studies demonstrating that they have a unique ability to improve the debilitating symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) long‐term after only a single treatment. Indeed, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently designated two Phase III clinical trials studying the ability of psilocybin to treat forms of MDD with "Breakthrough Therapy" status. If successful, the use of psychedelics to treat psychiatric diseases like depression would be revolutionary. As more evidence appears in the scientific literature to support their use in psychiatry to treat MDD on and substance use disorders (SUD), recent studies with rodents revealed that their therapeutic effects might extend beyond treating MDD and SUD. For example, psychedelics may have efficacy in the treatment and prevention of brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease. Preclinical work has highlighted psychedelics’ ability to induce neuroplasticity and synaptogenesis, and neural progenitor cell proliferation. Psychedelics may also act as immunomodulators by reducing levels of proinflammatory biomarkers, including IL‐1β, IL‐6, and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Their exact molecular mechanisms, and induction of cellular interactions, especially between neural and glial cells, leading to therapeutic efficacy, remain to be determined. In this review, we discuss recent findings and information on how psychedelics may act therapeutically on cells within the central nervous system (CNS) during brain injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Financial literacy and household asset allocation: Evidence from micro‐data in China
Authors: Lu Xiaomeng , Xiao Jingna , Wu Yu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractImproving household asset allocation (HAA) ability can enable households to increase consumption and promote the steady growth of China's economy. However, HAA decisions in China are suboptimal. This may be related to households' limited financial literacy. Based on 2017 and 2019 China Household Finance Survey data, this study examines the role of financial literacy in improving HAA. It finds that the higher the household's financial literacy, the higher the household's score in the asset allocation evaluation because households with higher financial literacy pay greater attention to economic and financial news and are more inclined to seek advice from investment advisors. Further analysis shows that the optimization effect of financial literacy on HAA is greater in households that are wealthy, higher educated, and located in areas with better regional financial development. In conclusion, helping households improve their financial literacy is an important step toward improving HAA ability.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of plasma exeresis in periorbital rejuvenation using the Reviscometer®
Authors: Abdollahimajd Fahimeh , Beheshti Maryam , Moravvej Hamideh 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeriorbital rejuvenation is performed through various methods. Recently, plasma exeresis has been suggested for the treatment of dermatochalasis and periorbital wrinkles.AimsTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of plasma exeresis in periorbital rejuvenation and palpebral laxity and assess its effectiveness using the Reviscometer®.Patients/MethodsFifty‐six women with mild‐to‐severe dermatochalasis and periorbital wrinkles volunteered to participate in this clinical trial. They received plasma exeresis thrice at one‐month intervals. The efficacy of the intervention was evaluated according to the Cutaneous Resonance Running Time (CRRT) value changes, photographic changes, patients' satisfaction, and clinical side effects.ResultsThis study showed significant clinical improvements in dermatochalasis and palpebral laxity after treatment compared with the baseline (p < 0.001). Most of the participants had relative satisfaction, and no significant or permanent side effects were observed.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that plasma exeresis is a safe and effective nonsurgical method for periorbital rejuvenation. Furthermore, the procedure has no serious adverse effects if performed correctly and for the right patient.
Economic Stimulus at the Expense of Routine‐Task Jobs
Authors: TUZEL SELALE , ZHANG MIAO BEN 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTDo investment tax incentives improve job prospects for workers? We explore states' adoption of a major federal tax incentive that accelerates the depreciation of equipment investments for eligible firms but not for ineligible ones. Analyzing massive establishment‐level data sets on occupational employment and computer investment, we find that when states expand investment incentives, eligible firms immediately increase their equipment and skilled employees; whereas they reduce routine‐task employees after a delay of up to two years. These opposing effects constitute an overall insignificant effect on the firms' total employment and shed light on the nuances of job creation through investment incentives.
PIP5KIγ90‐generated phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate promotes the uptake of Staphylococcus aureus by host cells
Authors: Shi Yong , Berking Anne , Baade Timo , Legate Kyle R. , Fässler Reinhard , Hauck Christof R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus, a Gram‐positive pathogen, invades cells mainly in an integrin‐dependent manner. As the activity or conformation of several integrin‐associated proteins can be regulated by phosphatidylinositol‐4,5‐bisphosphate (PI‐4,5‐P2), we investigated the roles of PI‐4,5‐P2 and PI‐4,5‐P2‐producing enzymes in cellular invasion by S. aureus. PI‐4,5‐P2 accumulated upon contact of S. aureus with the host cell, and targeting of an active PI‐4,5‐P2 phosphatase to the plasma membrane reduced bacterial invasion. Knockdown of individual phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate 5‐kinases revealed that phosphatidylinositol‐4‐phosphate 5‐kinase γ (PIP5KIγ) plays an important role in bacterial internalization. Specific ablation of the talin and FAK‐binding motif in PIP5KIγ90 reduced bacterial invasion, which could be rescued by reexpression of an active, but not inactive PIP5KIγ90. Furthermore, PIP5KIγ90‐deficient cells showed normal basal PI‐4,5‐P2 levels in the plasma membrane but reduced the accumulation of PI‐4,5‐P2 and talin at sites of S. aureus attachment and overall lower levels of FAK phosphorylation. These results highlight the importance of local synthesis of PI‐4,5‐P2 by a focal adhesion‐associated lipid kinase for integrin‐mediated internalization of S. aureus.
Improvement in constipation and diarrhea is associated with improved abdominal pain in patients with functional bowel disorders
Authors: Rangan Vikram , Singh Prashant , Ballou Sarah , Hassan Rafla , Yu Vanessa , Katon Jesse , Nee Judy , Iturrino Johanna , Lembo Anthony 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAbdominal pain is a bothersome and lifestyle limiting symptom in patients with functional bowel disorders. It is associated with decreased quality of life in affected individuals, as well as significant annual healthcare expenditure. Knowledge of specific factors that predict improvement in abdominal pain in those with functional bowel disorders is thus far limited.MethodsConsecutive patients presenting for outpatient care at a major academic medical center between October 2017 and March 2020 completed an electronic symptom survey prior to initial clinic visit, and again after 3 months. The Rome IV questionnaires for functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional constipation, and functional diarrhea were all included. Additionally, all subjects completed the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Anxiety, Depression, and sleep disturbance questionnaires. Patients with a diagnosis of a Rome IV functional gastrointestinal disorder without any organic cause for symptoms were identified based on both chart review as well as survey response data. Univariable and multivariable analysis was used to assess predictors of improved abdominal pain after 3 months.Key Results180 patients with a mean age of 45.3 years were included in the final analysis. 78.3% of patients were female, and 77.2% met Rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome. On multivariable analysis, improvement in constipation and diarrhea were both independent predictors of improved abdominal pain after 3 months.Conclusions and InferencesImprovement in constipation and diarrhea both predicted improvement in abdominal pain, suggesting that addressing these factors is central to the management of abdominal pain in functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Effects of menthol on esophageal motility in humans: Studies using high‐resolution manometry
Authors: Lei Wei‐Yi , Liang Shu‐Wei , Hung Jui‐Sheng , Wong Ming‐Wun , Liu Tso‐Tsai , Yi Chih‐Hsun , Lin Lin , Orr William C. , Chen Chien‐Lin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackground/aimThe cold receptor, transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), has been reported to be expressed in esophageal vagal afferents. Esophageal infusion of menthol modulates esophageal perception in reflux patients via TRPM8, but the effects of menthol on esophageal motility are not well investigated. This study aimed to test the hypothesis whether the infusion of menthol into the esophagus could affect esophageal peristaltic characteristics.MethodsEighteen healthy adults (men 13, mean age 27) underwent high‐resolution manometry (HRM) using a catheter with the injection port located in mid‐esophagus. Primary peristalsis was performed with ten wet swallows, while secondary peristalsis was generated by 10 rapid air injections. Two different sessions were randomly performed including acute administration of menthol (3 mM) and the placebo.ResultsMenthol significantly decreased upper esophageal (UES) pressure of primary peristalsis than the placebo (p = 0.019). There was no difference in distal contractile integral (p = 0.33), distal latency (p = 0.86), basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure (p = 0.19), or 4‐second integrated relaxation pressure (p = 0.75) between menthol and placebo. Menthol significantly decreased the frequency of secondary peristalsis subsequent to the administration of menthol during rapid injections with 20 mL air (p = 0.04).ConclusionsIntraluminal infusion of menthol reduces UES basal pressure and inhibits peristaltic frequency of secondary peristalsis. The data suggest that the triggering of secondary peristalsis is probably modulated by TRPM8‐sensitive mechanoreceptors; however, the activation of TRPM8 from menthol does not alter esophageal motility following deglutition or distension‐induced secondary peristalsis.
Why are the Contributions of Multinational Firms to Corporate Tax Revenues Declining?*
Authors: Bilicka Katarzyna 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis paper explores potential reasons for the decline in the relative contributions of multinational firms to corporate tax revenues. Using a population of UK firms, I show that over the period 2000–14 multinationals paid a declining fraction of corporate tax revenues while expanding in size. In 2014, over 70% of total assets reported on UK company balance sheets were held by companies that paid no tax and were part of a multinational group. These firms have higher and increasing capital intensities than firms reporting positive profits, suggesting capital mobility plays an important role. The documented increase in total assets has been primarily driven by firms in the finance sector, whose tax payments did not increase accordingly. I show that new entrants into the UK markets are increasingly more likely to pay less or no tax on entry, despite no change in the average entrant size. In addition, incumbent firms tripled in size since 2000 but did not change their tax payments. At the same time, the share of corporate tax revenues collected from domestic firms increased.
Mapping the digital food environment: A systematic scoping review
Authors: Granheim Sabrina Ionata , Løvhaug Anne Lene , Terragni Laura , Torheim Liv Elin , Thurston Miranda 
Published: September 2021

SummaryFood environments are directly linked to diets and health outcomes such as overweight, obesity, and noncommunicable diseases. The digitalization of food environments is becoming a central issue in public health, yet little is known about this emerging field. We performed a systematic scoping review to map the research on the digital food environment and investigate how the eight dimensions of the food environment, according to an established framework (availability, prices, vendor and product properties, marketing and regulation, accessibility, affordability, convenience, and desirability), might be shifting in the context of a digital society. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 2000 and 2019, using search terms covering digital technology and food environment, which yielded 13,580 unique records. Our analysis of 357 studies shows that digitalization is taking place in all dimensions of the food environment, and enabling the emergence of new forms of buying and selling food, such as online grocery shopping and online food delivery, which may be changing availability of foods and affecting the physical distance to shops and time allocated for shopping. Systematic reviews identified indicated that digital food marketing and social media can influence food choices, preferences and consumption. Our findings suggest that digital and physical food environments are interconnected and influencing one another, but the impact of the digital on health and nutrition is yet unclear.
Exploration of dynamic text presentations in bilateral central vision loss
Authors: Bowman Brittany , Ross Nicole C , Bex Peter J , Arango Tiffany 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPurposeDynamic text presentation methods may improve reading ability in patients with central vision loss (CVL) by eliminating the need for accurate eye movements. We compared rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) and horizontal scrolling text presentation (scrolling) on reading rate and reading acuity in CVL observers and normally‐sighted controls with simulated CVL (simCVL).MethodsCVL observers’ (n = 11) central scotomas and preferred retinal loci (PRL) for each eye were determined with MAIA microperimetry and fixation analysis. SimCVL controls (n = 16) used 4° inferior eccentric viewing, enforced with an Eyelink eye‐tracker. Observers read aloud 4‐word phrases randomly drawn from the MNREAD sentences. Six font sizes (0.50–1.30 logMAR) were tested with the better near acuity eye and both eyes of CVL observers. Three font sizes (0.50–1.00 logMAR) were tested binocularly in simCVL controls. Text presentation duration of each word for RSVP or drift speed for scrolling was varied to determine reading rate, defined as 50% of words read correctly. In a subset of CVL observers (n = 7), relationships between PRL eccentricity, reading threshold and rate were explored.ResultsSimCVL controls demonstrated significantly faster reading rates for RSVP than scrolling text (p < 0.0001), and there was a significant main effect of font size (p < 0.0001). CVL patients demonstrated no significant differences in binocular reading rate between font sizes (p = 0.12) and text presentation (p = 0.25). Similar results were seen under monocular conditions. Reading acuity for RSVP and scrolling worsened with increasing PRL eccentricity (μ = 4.5°,p = 0.07). RSVP reading rate decreased significantly with increasing eccentricity (p = 0.02).ConclusionsConsistent with previous work, reading acuity worsened with increasing PRL eccentricity. RSVP and scrolling text presentations significantly affected reading rate in simCVL, but not in CVL observers, suggesting that simCVL results may not generalise to pathological CVL.
Pain modulation induced by electronic wrist‐ankle acupuncture: A functional near‐infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Shi Ping , Liu Junwen , Du Jiahao , Yu Hongliu , Fang Fanfu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs a new technology, electronic wrist‐ankle acupuncture (E‐WAA) combines the advantages of wrist‐ankle acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, but the analgesic effect and mechanism need to be clarified. The purpose of this study was to identify the pain modulation caused by E‐WAA by evaluating the response of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) from the perspective of neurophysiology.MethodsFifty male volunteers (age 25.00 ± 1.05 years) with trapezius myofascial pain syndrome were randomly allocated into intervention group (E‐WAA treatment) or sham control group at a 1:1 ratio. An outcome evaluation system was used to induce tenderness on the Jianjing point and record the pain value. A multichannel functional near‐infrared spectroscope was used to detect the PFC activation during tenderness before and after treatment to demonstrate the neuromodulation mechanism. A general linear model and t‐test (p < 0.05) were used to analyze the difference in the oxyhemoglobin (HbO) concentration and pain value.ResultsIn the intervention group, the pain value of volunteers decreased significantly (p = 0.017) after E‐WAA treatment, whereas there was no statistical difference (p = 0.082) in the sham group. Before treatment, the frontopolar (FP) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were the activation areas of the PFC. The E‐WAA treatment then suppressed the activation of the two areas. The HbO concentration of the FP and DLPFC changed from a sharp rise during tenderness to not changing with tenderness stimulation.ConclusionThe results demonstrated that the E‐WAA have a great analgesic effect. The FP and DLPFC were relative to the analgesia neuromodulation induced by the E‐WAA.
Double‐stranded RNA targeting fungal ergosterol biosynthesis pathway controls Botrytis cinerea and postharvest grey mould
Authors: Duanis‐Assaf Danielle , Galsurker Ortal , Davydov Olga , Maurer Dalia , Feygenberg Oleg , Sagi Moshe , Poverenov Elena , Fluhr Robert , Alkan Noam 
Published: September 2021

SummaryPathogenic fungi cause major postharvest losses. During storage and ripening, fruit becomes highly susceptible to fungi that cause postharvest disease. Fungicides are effective treatments to limit disease. However, due to increased public concern for their possible side effects, there is a need to develop new strategies to control postharvest fungal pathogens. Botrytis cinerea, a common postharvest pathogen, was shown to uptake small double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules from the host plant. Such dsRNA can regulate gene expression through the RNA interference system. This work aimed to develop a synthetic dsRNA simultaneously targeting three essential transcripts active in the fungal ergosterol biosynthesis pathway (dsRNA‐ERG). Our results show initial uptake of dsRNA in the emergence zone of the germination tube that spreads throughout the fungus and results in down‐regulation of all three targeted transcripts. Application of dsRNA‐ERG decreased B. cinerea germination and growth in in vitro conditions and various fruits, leading to reduce grey‐mould decay. The inhibition of growth or decay was reversed by the addition of ergosterol. While dual treatment with dsRNA‐ERG and ergosterol‐inhibitor fungicide reduced by 100‐fold the required amount of fungicide to achieve the same protection rate. The application of dsRNA‐ERG induced systemic protection as shown by decreased decay development at inoculation points distant from the treatment point in tomato and pepper fruits. Overall, this study suggests that dsRNA‐ERG can effectively control B. cinerea growth and grey‐mould development suggesting its efficacy as a future method for postharvest control of fungal pathogens.