bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the replacement of steel by NITINOL as coupling agent in automobile shaft
Authors: Barik Lokanath , Samal Saswat , Behera Ajit , Rajak Dipen Kumar , Pruncu Catalin I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAutomobile couplings generally fail due to excessive misalignment in shafts and torque overload which ultimately generates vibration in the assembly. These vibrations weaken the coupling structure and ultimately get transmitted to the shaft leading to fatigue failure. Additionally, the complexity in the design of standard coupling is related to lower durability. In this system, when the radial space is larger, it triggers a bulkier transmission. Shape memory alloy such as NITINOL is a special class of smart material that possesses superelasticity which means it can retain deformation of about 8%. This material has a high degree of strength, greater elastic and shear modulus than existing coupling materials, such as steel, and has unique vibration damping features. Coupling made of NITINOL is simple in design and requires lesser space with minimal maintenance. They provide higher durability and are much reliable in operation over a wide range of temperatures. This paper aims to review the NITINOL material used in coupling technology industries and the parameters governing its shape memory effect. The knowledge gathered from this work enables to further extend the technological contribution to NiTi coupling at large-scale production in the automobile sector with direct effect on longer life for the transmission system.
Suicidal Behaviors in a Nationally Representative Sample of School-Going Adolescents Aged 12–17 Years in Eswatini
Authors: Quarshie Emmanuel Nii-Boye , Atorkey Prince , García Karla Patricia Valdés , Lomotey Samuel Afotey , Navelle Pascal Landindome 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe burgeoning body of evidence suggests that the aggregated 12-month prevalence estimates of suicidal behaviors (ideation, planning, and attempt) are relatively higher among in-school adolescents in Africa, although country-specific data on the phenomena are still inadequate from the continent. We sought to estimate the 12-month prevalence and identify some of the correlates of suicide behaviors among school-going adolescents in Eswatini. We analyzed the nationally representative data from the 2013 Eswatini World Health Organization Global School-based Student Health Survey, using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate statistical approaches. Of the 2,513 analytical samples, 17.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.4–18.4%) reported suicidal ideation, 21.0% (95% CI: 19.3–22.6%) made a suicide plan, and 15.5% (95% CI: 14.1–16.9%) attempted suicide during the previous 12 months. The final adjusted logistic models indicated health risk behavior (i.e., marijuana use), adverse interpersonal factors within the family (e.g., intrusion of privacy by parents), and school contextual factors (e.g., bullying victimization, physical fights) to be associated with increased odds of suicidal behaviors among females. However, predominantly, school-related interpersonal factors (e.g., bullying victimization, physical fights) showed strong associations with increased odds of suicidal behaviors among males. Generally, parental monitoring, parental understanding, and social support at school were associated with reduced odds of suicidal behaviors. The multi-level nature of our findings underscores the need for multi-contextual and multi-sectoral intervention and prevention programs and policy approaches targeted at mitigating the onset of suicidal ideation and possible transition to suicidal planning, attempt, and potential death by suicide in this young population.
Appearance Satisfaction as a Predictor of Specific Sexual Problems and Associated Distress
Authors: Øverup Camilla S. , Strizzi Jenna Marie , Cipric Ana , Træen Bente , Hald Gert Martin 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTINTRODUCTIONAppearance dissatisfaction is a sensitive issue and has been tied to depression, dissatisfaction in romantic relationships, and reduced sexual satisfaction.AimThis study sought to examine associations between appearance satisfaction and specific sexual problems and related distress, testing also the moderating role of relationship satisfaction.MethodsA large web-sample of Norwegians in romantic relationships (N = 2,903) completed a one-time survey.OutcomesParticipants reported on their experience of five different sexual problems and associated level of distress.RESULTSWe found that appearance satisfaction was associated with reporting fewer sexual problems, and specifically, with a smaller likelihood of experiencing problems with lack of enjoyment, lack of excitement, and lack of climax. Furthermore, appearance satisfaction was unrelated to overall sexual problem-related distress, but was associated with feeling less distress about lack of excitement and lack of climax. Relationship satisfaction did not serve as a moderator of the associations.Clinical TranslationThese findings suggest the importance of attending to appearance satisfaction when working with clients with multiple sexual problems, particularly those related to excitement and enjoyment.Strengths and LimitationsStrengths of the study include a large sample of partnered adults and assessment of specific sexual problems and associated distress. A limitation is that outcomes were assessed using single items, rather than multi-item scales.CONCLUSIONThe study highlights the importance of examining the presence of sexual problems and associated distress separately, and to consider appearance satisfaction as a predictor of sexual functioning.
Remote Sensing and Indigenous Communities
Authors: Sanger Matthew C. , Barnett Kristen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAlthough remote sensing techniques are increasingly becoming ubiquitous within archaeological research, their proper and ethical use has rarely been critically examined, particularly among Native American communities. Potential ethical challenges are outlined, along with suggested changes to archaeological frameworks that will better address Native American concerns. These changes center on a revised view of remote sensing instruments as being potentially invasive and extractive, even if nondestructive. Understanding the potentially invasive and extractive nature of these tools and methods, archaeologists are urged to work closely with Native/Indigenous communities to create more holistic practices that include community knowledge holders and to actively discourage stereotypes that pit archaeologists and Native/Indigenous communities against one another. Considering the speed at which remote sensing is being used in archaeology, these changes need to be embraced as soon as possible so that future work can be conducted in an ethical manner.
Antimicrobial stewardship in patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Moore Sarah E. , Wilde Ashley M. , Bohn Brian C. , Song Matthew , Schulz Paul 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients receiving antibiotics (n = 173) were retrospectively assigned to the early or late discontinuation groups. The length of therapy was shorter in the early discontinuation group (3 vs 7 days; P < .0001). Mortality rates (14.3% vs 20.7%; P = .316) and length of stay (7 vs 9 days; P = .063) were similar.
Cross-boundary weed management in protected area–centered ecosystems: how can it work and what makes it harder to achieve?
Authors: Otto Natalie , Brunson Mark 
Published: August 2021

AbstractInvasive species management in natural landscapes is generally executed at the scale of independent jurisdictions, yet the ecological processes and biodiversity to be protected from invasion occur over large spatial scales and across multiple jurisdictions. Jurisdictional land boundaries can influence the flows and dynamics of ecological systems, as well as the social systems that exist in these complex landscapes. Land management entities in large, protected area–centered ecosystems may use different approaches to address cross-boundary management challenges. To understand these differing strategies and their effects on cooperative invasive plant management, we interviewed employees with federal, county, and state agencies, research organizations, nonprofits, and local stakeholder groups in two national parks and their surrounding lands in California, USA. Although all participants stressed the importance of working together, they did so along a continuum of strategies ranging from simple communication to coordination of independent efforts to active collaboration. Barriers to collaboration can be categorized as originating within or externally to the management unit, including limited resources, differing agency priorities, paperwork requirements, and lack of support by higher-level managers. Strategies to reduce barriers depend on where they originate.
MORE ZFC INEQUALITIES BETWEEN CARDINAL INVARIANTS
Authors: FISCHER VERA , SOUKUP DÁNIEL T. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMotivated by recent results and questions of Raghavan and Shelah, we present ZFC theorems on the bounding and various almost disjointness numbers, as well as on reaping and dominating families on uncountable, regular cardinals. We show that if
$\kappa =\lambda ^+$
for some
$\lambda \geq \omega $
and
$\mathfrak {b}(\kappa )=\kappa ^+$
then
$\mathfrak {a}_e(\kappa )=\mathfrak {a}_p(\kappa )=\kappa ^+$
. If, additionally,
$2^{<\lambda }=\lambda $
then
$\mathfrak {a}_g(\kappa )=\kappa ^+$
as well. Furthermore, we prove a variety of new bounds for
$\mathfrak {d}(\kappa )$
in terms of
$\mathfrak {r}(\kappa )$
, including
$\mathfrak {d}(\kappa )\leq \mathfrak {r}_\sigma (\kappa )\leq \operatorname {\mathrm {cf}}([\mathfrak {r}(\kappa )]^\omega )$
, and
$\mathfrak {d}(\kappa )\leq \mathfrak {r}(\kappa )$
whenever
$\mathfrak {r}(\kappa )<\mathfrak {b}(\kappa )^{+\kappa }$
or
$\operatorname {\mathrm {cf}}(\mathfrak {r}(\kappa ))\leq \kappa $
holds.
Does music affect citizens’ evaluations of candidates?
Authors: Heisbourg Emmanuel , Feitosa Fernando 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWhile some candidates use music in some of their campaign ads to shape individuals’ perceptions of their competence or compassion, for example, it is unclear whether the relationship between music and trait perceptions is empirically valid. Considering the importance of knowing where trait perceptions—which represent important determinants of the vote—come from and the extent to which it is possible to manipulate trait perceptions by means of music, this study investigates the effect of music on trait perceptions using data from an online survey experiment conducted between October 30 and November 12, 2020. In this experiment, 362 individuals were exposed to a random sequence of five campaign ads, either with their original music or with no music. Following each campaign ad, individuals were asked to evaluate the candidate’s competency, honesty, leadership, and compassion. The analyses reveal that music marginally affects perceptions of competency, honesty, and leadership. Moreover, music exerts no significant effect on perceptions of compassion.
Potential of olive oil and its phenolic compounds as therapeutic intervention against colorectal cancer: a comprehensive review
Authors: Sain Arindam , Sahu Sakshi , Naskar Debdut 
Published: August 2021

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the major causes of death across the world and incidence rate of CRC increasing alarmingly each passing year. Diet, genomic anomalies, inflammation and deregulated signalling pathways are among the major causes of CRC. Because of numerous side effects of CRC therapies available now, researchers all over the world looking for alternative treatment/preventive strategy with lesser/no side effects. Olive oil which is part of Mediterranean diet contains numerous phenolic compounds that fight against free radicals and inflammation and also well-known for protective role against CRC. The current review focused on the recent evidences where olive oil and its phenolic compounds such as hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein and oleocanthal showed activities against CRC as well to analyse the cellular and molecular signalling mechanism through which these compounds act on. These compounds shown to combat CRC by reducing proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis through regulation of numerous signalling pathways including MAPK pathway, PI3K-Akt pathway and Wnt/β-catenin pathway and at the same time, induce apoptosis in different CRC model. However, further research is an absolute necessity to establish these compounds as nutritional supplements and develop therapeutic strategy in CRC.
Associations between mental wellbeing and fMRI neural bases underlying responses to positive emotion in a twin sample
Authors: Park Haeme R.P. , Chilver Miranda R. , Montalto Arthur , Jamshidi Javad , Schofield Peter R. , Williams Leanne M. , Gatt Justine M. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundAlthough mental wellbeing has been linked with positive health outcomes, including longevity and improved emotional and cognitive functioning, studies examining the underlying neural mechanisms of both subjective and psychological wellbeing have been sparse. We assessed whether both forms of wellbeing are associated with neural activity engaged during positive and negative emotion processing and the extent to which this association is driven by genetics or environment.MethodsWe assessed mental wellbeing in 230 healthy adult monozygotic and dizygotic twins using a previously validated questionnaire (COMPAS-W) and undertook functional magnetic resonance imaging during a facial emotion viewing task. We used linear mixed models to analyse the association between COMPAS-W scores and emotion-elicited neural activation. Univariate twin modelling was used to evaluate heritability of each brain region. Multivariate twin modelling was used to compare twin pairs to assess the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to this association.ResultsHigher levels of wellbeing were associated with greater neural activity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, localised in the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), in response to positive emotional expressions of happiness. Univariate twin modelling showed activity in the IFG to have 20% heritability. Multivariate twin modelling suggested that the association between wellbeing and positive emotion-elicited neural activity was driven by common variance from unique environment (r = 0.208) rather than shared genetics.ConclusionsHigher mental wellbeing may have a basis in greater engagement of prefrontal neural regions in response to positive emotion, and this association may be modifiable by unique life experiences.
Mindfulness-based intervention improves residual negative symptoms and cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: a randomized controlled follow-up study
Authors: Shen Hui , Zhang Li , Li Yuhuan , Zheng Denise , Du Lizhao , Xu Feikang , Xu Chuchen , Liu Yan , Shen Jie , Li Zezhi , Cui Donghong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundResidual negative symptoms and cognitive impairment are common for chronic schizophrenia patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia patients with residual negative symptoms.MethodsIn this 6-week, randomized, single-blind, controlled study, a total of 100 schizophrenia patients with residual negative symptoms were randomly assigned to the MBI or control group. The 6-week MBI group and the control group with general rehabilitation programs maintained their original antipsychotic treatments. The scores for the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), and the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were recorded at baseline and week 6 to assess psychotic symptoms, cognitive performance, and emotional state, respectively.ResultsCompared with general rehabilitation programs, MBI alleviated the PANSS-negative subscore, general psychopathology subscore, and PANSS total score in schizophrenia patients with residual negative symptoms (F = 33.77, pBonferroni < 0.001; F = 42.01, pBonferroni < 0.001; F = 52.41, pBonferroni < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, MBI improved RBANS total score and immediate memory subscore (F = 8.80, pBonferroni = 0.024; F = 11.37, pBonferroni = 0.006), as well as SCL-90 total score in schizophrenia patients with residual negative symptoms (F = 18.39, pBonferroni < 0.001).ConclusionsOur results demonstrate that MBI helps schizophrenia patients with residual negative symptoms improve clinical symptoms including negative symptom, general psychopathology symptom, and cognitive impairment.Trial registrationChiCTR2100043803.
Asset-rich and cash-poor: which older adults value reverse mortgages?
Authors: Fong Joelle H. , Mitchell Olivia S. , Koh Benedict S. K. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHome equity represents a substantial share of retirement wealth for many older persons, particularly in Asia where national housing policies have encouraged home-ownership. This paper explored the potential for reverse mortgages to help ‘asset-rich and cash-poor’ older Singaporeans unlock their home equity while ageing in place. The empirical analysis was based on a nationally representative survey of home-owners age 50+ in the 2018 Singapore Life Panel (N = 6,258). Our analyses showed that the average older home-owner holds some 60 per cent of total net wealth in housing equity, suggestive of high demand potential for reverse mortgage products. Nevertheless, actual interest in such products was much below potential demand. Only one in four older home-owners indicated interest in commercial reverse mortgages if these were to become available; a larger majority had never heard of the financial product. Interest in reverse mortgages was positively associated with product awareness and self-rated product understanding. This implies that a critical step towards building consumer interest would be to enhance awareness of such products and simplify related contract terms. Having a mortgage, fewer children, financial literacy and preparedness for retirement were also positively associated with interest level. These results have implications for targeted interventions to enhance consumer awareness and spur interest in reverse mortgages, especially in ageing societies where older people have built up substantial equity through the housing market over time.
PROSODIC PATTERNS IN SYLHETI-ENGLISH BILINGUALS
Authors: McCarthy Kathleen M. , de Leeuw Esther 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe primary aim of this study was to investigate prosodic prominence across three groups of Sylheti-English bilinguals: first-generation who arrived as adults, first-generation who arrived as children, and second-generation, i.e., born in the United Kingdom to parents who grew up in Bangladesh. To measure prominence,f0, duration, and intensity were measured across disyllabic words in Sylheti and English. The results showed significant differences in thef0analysis. Regarding monolinguals, Sylheti prominence displayed a rising contour, in contrast to the English falling contour. In Sylheti, the bilinguals born in the United Kingdom were the only group significantly different from the Sylheti monolinguals, displaying an English-like falling pattern in their Sylheti prominence. In English, the late arrival bilinguals displayed a Sylheti-like prominence realization, but the early arrivals and those born in the United Kingdom approximated the monolingual English prominence realization. Overall, language use patterns were the most significant factor related to the bilinguals’ prominence realization.
Single leaflet reconstruction in paediatric aortic regurgitation using the Ozaki procedure
Authors: Shi Tao , Gao Zhan , Li Shoujun , Hua Zhongdong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectives:Aortic valve repair in children is still a challenge. The aim of this study was to analyse the surgical results of children with aortic regurgitation who underwent single leaflet reconstruction using the Ozaki procedure in our medical centre.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted of nine children with aortic regurgitation who received single leaflet reconstruction from May 2017 to September 2019. Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used to compare the data at different time points.Results:The median surgical age was 4.7 (3.5, 6.4) years. Eight patients were pre-operatively diagnosed with severe aortic regurgitation, while one had moderate regurgitation. The left ventricles were significantly enlarged, with an average z-score of 3.8. Single leaflet reconstruction was carried out using glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium under the standard Ozaki procedure. The median follow-up was 22 (14, 33) months. There was no post-operative death or re-intervention. One patient had moderate or more aortic regurgitation during the follow-up. The average degree of aortic regurgitation was mild, and the average z-score of the left ventricle decreased to −0.2 in the last follow-up.Conclusions:Single leaflet reconstruction using the Ozaki procedure was an effective surgical method for treating children with aortic regurgitation in our centre with satisfactory short-term results.
Association between egg intake and blood pressure in the USA: the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure (INTERMAP)
Authors: Vu Thanh-Huyen T , Van Horn Linda , Daviglus Martha L , Chan Queenie , Dyer Alan R , Zhong Victor W , Gibson Rachel , Elliott Paul , Stamler Jeremiah 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectives:To investigate associations of egg intake with blood pressure (BP) and the role of dietary variables and other macro- and micro-nutrients in the association.Design:We used cross-sectional data for the USA as part of the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure (INTERMAP). INTERMAP was surveyed between 1996 and 1999, including four 24-h dietary recalls, two 24-h urine collections and eight measurements of systolic BP and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP). Average egg intake (g/d) was calculated. Multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate the association between egg intake (per each 50 g/d or per quintile) and BP. The roles of dietary variables and other macro- and micro-nutrients in this association were also investigated.Setting:In the USA.Participants:In total, 2195 US INTERMAP men and women aged 40–59 years.Results:Participants were 50 % female, 54 % non-Hispanic White and 16 % non-Hispanic Black. Mean egg intake (sd) in men and women was 30·4(29·8) and 21·6(20·5) g/d, respectively. Adjusting for demographics, socio-economics, lifestyle and urinary Na:K excretion ratios, we found non-linear associations with BP in non-obese women (P-quadratic terms: 0·004 for SBP and 0·035 for DBP).The associations remained after adjusting for dietary variables, macro/micro nutrients or minerals. Dietary cholesterol was highly correlated with egg intake and may factor in the association. No association was found in obese women and in obese or non-obese men.Conclusion:Egg intake was non-linearly associated with SBP and DBP in non-obese women, but not in obese women or men. Underlying mechanisms require additional study regarding the role of obesity and sex.