bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Aspects of Uinta Basin Gas Development
Authors: Folsom L. W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
A large available and recoverable reserve of natural gas now has been proved by drilling in the Uinta basin of western Colorado and eastern Utah. Early in November 1961, Mountain Fuel Supply Company and Utah Natural Gas Company cooperatively completed construction of the 20-in, 104-mi, intrastate Uinta Basin gas pipeline. It will furnish a ready outlet for previously shut-in gas reserves and will make further concentrated exploration economically feasible. Natural gas reserves in the Uinta basin currently are estimated to be more than 1 trillion cu ft. Projected development and exploratory drilling should prove reserves equal to or even exceeding the most optimistic estimates given to date.
Most commercial gas production is from stratigraphic traps of the nonmarine Wasatch Formation. Minor production has been found in the Uinta Formation, the Mesaverde Group, the Dakota Formation, and the Morrison Formation. The intriguing possibility of additional commercial oil production from Tertiary and Cretaceous formations adds incentive for exploratory and development drilling.
Market-area projections indicate an initial average transmission of 100 million cu ft in 1966. More than 600,000 leased acres currently are committed to the Uinta Basin pipeline by ownership or by gas-purchase contracts providing for 16½ cents per thousand cubic feet at 15.025 psia pressure base. At this price and at higher prices anticipated in coming years, the gas from the Uinta basin can be marketed competitively.
Gas Resources of Eocene Producing Trend, Upper Gulf Coast of Texas
Authors: Hardin, JR. George C. , Kenley Clark W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Eocene producing trend of the Upper Gulf Coast of Texas is in a nearly 40-mi-wide band roughly paralleling the coastline. The downdip limit of production is approximately 50 mi inland. The most important gas and oil reservoirs are sandstone of the Wilcox and Yegua Formations, of Eocene age, although some gas and oil have been produced from thin sandstone beds in the Queen City, Sparta, and McElroy formations.
The first large Eocene gas discovery was the Katy field, in 1935. It still ranks first in gas reserves among the Eocene fields of the Upper Gulf Coast. Subsequently, large gas reserves were found in the Wilcox in several other areas, and by 1945 the Eocene had been established as a major source of gas. The Eocene producing trend now is probably more important for gas than for oil.
Porosity and permeability values of Wilcox sandstone are low in comparison to those of other producing sandstone of the Upper Gulf Coast. Approximately 80 per cent of the section is of nonmarine origin; downdip, interfingering marine and nonmarine sediments grade into a predominantly marine sequence composed primarily of marine shale. Sandstone bodies are lenticular regionally. Permeability and porosity decrease downdip. Known gas accumulations are much more common in the upper Wilcox, perhaps because few test wells have been drilled to the middle and lower parts of the
B. Economics of Natural Gas in Sacramento Valley, California
Authors: Reid Eugene F. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze factors affecting the profit from exploration for and development of natural gas reserves in the Sacramento Valley of California. The valley was established as a dry-gas producing province in 1935 with the discovery of the Tracy gas field southwest of Stockton. Productive fields now exist within the area extending from the Vernalis gas field near Modesto on the south to the Corning gas field near the city of Corning on the north, a distance of 165 airline miles. Dry gas has been produced from rocks of Pliocene, Miocene, Eocene, Paleocene, and Late Cretaceous ages. Cumulative production at the end of 1964 was approximately 3.5 trillion cu ft. Reserves were estimated to be approximately 3 trillion cu ft.
Manuscript received, July 17, 1961. Production and reserve figures revised to December 31, 1964.
Manager of exploration, Occidental Petroleum Corporation.
Measurement Systems Related to Petroleum in Western Canada
Authors: Beach Floyd K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although there are notable similarities between the measurement systems of Canada and the United States, some of the differences are important in the interpretation of geological data. Three systems of land survey result in sections of various sizes in petroleum areas of the prairie provinces, and locations in much of British Columbia are described by a grid system. Gas measurements developed in Alberta are in common use and the barrel of 35 Imperial gallons represents the same volume as the U. S. barrel of oil.
Wasatch Plateau Gas Fields, Utah
Authors: Walton Paul T. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The rugged, mountainous Wasatch Plateau yields gas in the Clear Creek, Flat Canyon, Joes Valley, and Ferron fields. The first discovery in the area was at Clear Creek in 1951. Present production is about 10 million cu ft of gas a day.
All the producing areas are on closed structural features, and the principal producing zone is the Upper Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale. The most important field is Clear Creek, located on a regional uplift that has been transected by major faults that have formed a graben. There is a large structural closure against the west or basinward side of the fault.
Tectonic activity during deposition of Ferron sandstone aided its development as a reservoir rock. The Ferron appears to have had two sources, one on the southwest and the other on the northwest. The sandstone derived from the northwest appears to have been more conducive to accumulation of gas.
Future discoveries appear to depend on testing of undrilled structural closures; stratigraphic analyses of the Ferron, Dakota, Star Point, and Emery sandstones for flank traps; and deep drilling of the known porous Paleozoic rocks, principally the Mississippian limestones.
Willow Springs Field, Gregg County, Texas
Authors: Loetterle G. J. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Willow Springs, primarily a gas field, is in southeastern Gregg County, Texas, partly in the city limits and partly west of Longview. The productive area is about 34,000 acres. The structure is a low-relief anticline in a structural trend paralleling the East Texas field on the east. Local lensing out of productive sandstones and minor local permeability barriers affect the structurally controlled accumulation. Production is from Cretaceous rocks—Rodessa, Pettet, and Travis Peak—with the most important producing zone being the Young Zone of the Rodessa. The estimated ultimate recovery from all producing zones is 681,500,000 Mcf of gas and 6,114,500 bbls of liquids, of which 550,596,000 Mcf and 5,135,000 bbls had been recovered as of January 1,1966.
Geologic Conditions Associated with Nitrogen Occurrences in Jurassic Oil and Gas Fields, Northeast Texas and Southwest Arkansas
Authors: Lokke Donald H. , Brent Millard D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Oil and gas condensate from the Jurassic Smackover Formation in Eylau and Flower Acres fields in Bowie County, Texas, and in Texarkana field in Miller County, Arkansas, yield 60 per cent nitrogen. The producing rocks are associated with intrusive igneous rocks and hydrogen sulfide in the two Texas fields. The Texarkana field is in the same diabase petrographic province. Origin of the nitrogen gas is uncertain, but close association with oil and gas-condensate accumulation suggests a related origin.
North Louisiana
Authors: Meyerhoff A. A. , Forgotson, Sr. James M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Although shallow gas production from the Upper Cretaceous began in North Louisiana before 1890, the first commercial exploitation began with the discovery of the Caddo field in 1905. The discovery of the Monroe field in 1916 made North Louisiana one of the major gas-producing areas of the world. As technology progressed and shallow reservoirs were depleted, deeper drilling found substantial reserves of gas in Lower Cretaceous and Upper Jurassic formations.
Wasteful practices from the very beginning—blowouts, “wild” wells, cratering, fires, and formation damage—led to a series of progressive legislative acts and regulations. The concepts of common carriers, unitization, proration, and controlled well spacing were developed very early, beginning in 1906, and culminated in the general Act 157 of 1940, one of the most progressive, all-purpose conservation laws in the country and the world.
Geology and Natural Gas Occurrence, Western Williston Basin
Authors: Mccrae R. O. , Swenson R. E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The western Williston basin has produced gas since a 1913 discovery at Cedar Creek anticline, but during the past decade nearly all the gas found has been in solution in oil. In a sedimentary rock section averaging 10,000 ft in thickness, about one-third of the material, in approximately the lower (or Paleozoic) half of the section, consists of carbonate and evaporites. The rest of the beds are principally sandstone and shale of shallow-marine deposition. All commercial gas in Paleozoic rocks is in solution in oil. Small gas reserves have been found in fractured siltstones of the Cretaceous Colorado Shale at Hardin, and in the Shannon Sandstone at Pumpkin Creek. Most of the gas in the western Williston basin is in nonassociated accumulations in and adjacent to the Cretaceous Judith River and Eagle Formations. The trapping is related partly to folding, but also is at the extreme seaward limits of sandstone tongues. Porosity of less than 10 per cent and low permeability values are characteristic of the reservoirs and fracturing is regarded as important in improving over-all permeability of the reservoirs. At Cedar Creek anticline 6 million cu ft a day of 90 per cent-nitrogen gas was treated in a Cambrian sandstone. Shallower beds contain some nitrogen both as free accumulations and associated with oil. Evidence suggests a basement-rock source for the nitrogen.
Subsurface Geology of North Gotebo Area, Kiowa and Washita Counties, Oklahoma
Authors: Takken Suzanne 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The producing area is in Tps. 7 and 8 N., Rs. 16 and 17 W., in Kiowa and Washita Counties, Oklahoma. Several field names were given because of irregular development, but it is now convenient to use the name “North Gotebo” for the whole producing trend which is approximately 9 mi long by one-half mile wide.
Located regionally on the north flank of the subsurface expression of the Wichita Mountain complex, this area is characterized by thrust faulting, overturned folds, and upside-down producing sands.
The principal thrust fault, here called the “Gotebo fault,” dips southward at the rate of 5,000 ft/mi. The oldest rocks so far found in the overthrust block are Hunton, of Silurian-Devonian age, lying on Springer, of probable Mississippian age.
The entire area is overlain by Permian rocks, at the base of which is the Pontotoc conglomerate. The erosion prior to the deposition of this conglomerate has erased much of the record; therefore the maximum extent of the thrusting cannot be determined accurately. The present trace of the Gotebo thrust where it meets the unconformity is a convenient boundary to use between the Wichita Mountains and the Anadarko basin. The fault plane itself is the one common feature for the area because no single producing sandstone can be mapped continuously throughout the field.
North Gotebo is principally a gas field,but oil also is produced from Springersandsbeneath the thrust. Four sand zones are identifiable and in most wells they are upside-down because of overturned folding. Springer sands also are present, in normal attitude, in the overthrust block, but are not productive.
Inconsistent bottomhole pressures, and oil production structurally higher than gas in correlative sands, indicate discontinuous reservoirs. This may be the result of permeability barriers or minor faulting but in either case, the per-well gas reserves are therefore rather low and variable, ranging from 1 to 6 billion cu ft. Average porosity of the sands is 12 to 15 per cent and permeability is estimated to be 100 md because most of the wells flow naturally, without fracture treatment.
The rocks involved in the thrust faulting are primarily the Morrow-Springer-Chester section and are relatively incompetent. They lent themselves readily to overturned folding which ultimately resulted in thrust faulting. The thrusting is considered to have occurred originally at the end of
Morrow time and to have been rejuvenated in Late Pennsylvanian time.
The Gotebo thrust, or one like it, can be traced for several miles in either direction from the North Gotebo production. It is probable that similar geologic conditions are present adjacent to any mountain complex, particularly where beds are relatively incompetent.
Translating English WOMAN IS AN ANIMAL metaphors: Spanish native speakers’ associations with novel metaphors
Authors: Fernandes Kristina 
Published: May 2021

Animal metaphors are prevalent across languages and convey a variety of, oftentimes negative, meanings – more so for women than men. In English, for example, both lion and lioness refer to a sexually active, dominant man or woman respectively, but while the former is endowed with positive connotations (courage, strength), the latter evokes negative associations (danger, voracity). There are some animal terms, however, that do not feature in animal metaphors in a certain language, posing the question as to which associations are evoked by those animal terms that are not part of conventional animal metaphors. This paper explores Spanish speakers’ interpretations of mappings of the woman is an animal metaphor that are documented to exist in English but not in Spanish. This was tested with two online questionnaires, one employing open questions and the other one Likert scales presenting possible traits (e. g. quarrelsome, kind, promiscuous), in which Spanish speakers had to judge the animal metaphors which were translated from English. The results show that the novel animal metaphors are mainly associated by Spanish native speakers with negative features, first and foremost with ugliness. Additionally, most of the animal terms convey different meanings in English and Spanish. For example, musaraña, the Spanish equivalent of shrew, is not associated with bad temper and quarrelling, but instead with ugliness and muddleheadedness. Furthermore, the findings reveal significant insecurities in the interpretation of the translated metaphors by the Spanish speakers. These results might be an indication for both the arbitrariness and the stableness of associations with different animal species, depending on the speakers’ culture. It also seems that novel animal metaphors mainly provide mental access to unattractiveness as it is a concrete physical feature and might therefore be more accessible than abstract personality traits such as kindness or quarrelsomeness.
Reflective fiber fault detection and characterization using long short-term memory
Authors: Abdelli Khouloud , Grießer Helmut , Ehrle Peter , Tropschug Carsten , Pachnicke Stephan 
Published: May 2021

To reduce operation-and-maintenance expenses (OPEX) and to ensure optical network survivability, optical network operators need to detect and diagnose faults in a timely manner and with high accuracy. With the rapid advancement of telemetry technology and data analysis techniques, data-driven approaches leveraging telemetry data to tackle the fault diagnosis problem have been gaining popularity due to their quick implementation and deployment. In this paper, we propose a novel multitask learning model based on long short-term memory to detect, locate, and estimate the reflectance of fiber reflective faults (events) including the connectors and the mechanical splices by extracting insights from monitored data obtained by the optical time-domain reflectometry principle commonly used for troubleshooting of fiber optic cables or links. The experimental results prove that the proposed method (i) achieves a good detection capability and high localization accuracy within a short measurement time even for low SNR values and (ii) outperforms conventionally employed techniques.
Reliable and scalable Kafka-based framework for optical network telemetry
Authors: Sgambelluri Andrea , Pacini Alessandro , Paolucci Francesco , Castoldi Piero , Valcarenghi Luca 
Published: May 2021

Telemetry data acquisition is becoming crucial for efficient detection and timely reaction in the case of network status changes, such as failures. Streaming telemetry data to many collectors might be hindered by scalability issues, causing delay in localization and detection procedures. Providing efficient mechanisms for managing the massive telemetry traffic coming from network devices can pave the way to novel procedures, speeding up failure detection and thus minimizing response time. This paper proposes a novel Kafka-based monitoring framework leveraging the telemetry service. The proposed framework exploits the built-in scalability and reliability of Kafka to go beyond traditional monitoring systems. The framework allows a continuous monitoring of optical system data and their distribution through simple compressed text messages to a large number of consumers. Moreover, the proposed framework keeps a limited history of the monitored data, easing, for example, root cause failure analysis. The implemented monitoring platform is experimentally validated, considering the disaggregated paradigm, in terms of functional assessment, scalability, resiliency, and end-to-end message latency. Obtained results show that the framework is highly scalable, supporting up to around 4000 messages per second (and potentially more) with low CPU load, and is capable of achieving an end-to-end (i.e., producer–consumer) latency of about 50 ms. Moreover, the considered architecture is capable of overcoming the failure of a monitoring framework core component without losing any message.
Predictors for inpatient mortality during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Sammartino Daniel , Jafri Farrukh , Cook Brennan , La Lisa , Kim Hyemin , Cardasis John , Raff Joshua 
Published: May 2021

Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic overwhelmed healthcare systems, highlighting the need to better understand predictors of mortality and the impact of medical interventions.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study examined data from every patient who tested positive for COVID-19 and was admitted to White Plains Hospital between March 9, 2020, and June 3, 2020. We used binomial logistic regression to analyze data for all patients, and propensity score matching for those treated with hydroxychloroquine and convalescent plasma (CP). The primary outcome of interest was inpatient mortality.

Results
1,108 admitted patients with COVID-19 were available for analysis, of which 124 (11.2%) were excluded due to incomplete data. Of the 984 patients included, 225 (22.9%) died. Risk for death decreased for each day later a patient was admitted [OR 0.970, CI 0.955 to 0.985; p < 0.001]. Elevated initial C-reactive protein (CRP) value was associated with a higher risk for death at 96 hours [OR 1.007, 1.002 to 1.012; p = 0.006]. Hydroxychloroquine and CP administration were each associated with increased mortality [OR 3.4, CI 1.614 to 7.396; p = 0.002, OR 2.8560, CI 1.361 to 6.160; p = 0.006 respectively].

Conclusions
Elevated CRP carried significant odds of early death. Hydroxychloroquine and CP were each associated with higher risk for death, although CP was without titers and was administered at a median of five days from admission. Randomized or controlled studies will better describe the impact of CP. Mortality decreased as the pandemic progressed, suggesting that institutional capacity for dynamic evaluation of process and outcome measures may benefit COVID-19 survival.
Self-reported medication adherence among patients with diabetes or hypertension, Médecins Sans Frontières Shatila refugee camp, Beirut, Lebanon: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Mohamad Mariam , Moussally Krystel , Lakis Chantal , El-Hajj Maya , Bahous Sola , Peruzzo Carla , Reid Anthony , Edwards Jeffrey K. 
Published: May 2021

Introduction
Low adherence to medications, specifically in patients with Diabetes (DM) and Hypertension (HTN), and more so in refugee settings, remains a major challenge to achieving optimum clinical control in these patients. We aimed at determining the self-reported medication adherence prevalence and its predictors and exploring reasons for low adherence among these patients.

Methods
A mixed-methods study was conducted at Médecins Sans Frontières non-communicable diseases primary care center in the Shatila refugee camp in Beirut, Lebanon in October 2018. Data were collected using the validated Arabic version of the 8-items Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) concurrently followed by in-depth interviews to explore barriers to adherence in patients with DM and/or HTN. Predictors of adherence were separately assessed using logistic regression with SPSS© version 20. Manual thematic content analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data.

Results
Of the 361 patients included completing the MMAS, 70% (n = 251) were moderately to highly adherent (MMAS-8 score = 6 to 8), while 30% (n = 110) were low-adherent (MMAS-8 score<6). Patients with DM-1 were the most likely to be moderately to highly adherent (85%; n = 29). Logistic regression analysis showed that patients with a lower HbA1C were 75% more likely to be moderately to highly adherent [(OR = 0.75 (95%CI 0.63–0.89), p-value 0.001]. Factors influencing self-reported moderate and high adherence were related to the burden of the disease and its treatment, specifically insulin, the self-perception of the disease outcomes and the level of patient’s knowledge about the disease and other factors like supportive family and healthcare team.

Conclusion
Adherence to DM and HTN was good, likely due to a patient-centered approach along with educational interventions. Future studies identifying additional factors and means addressing the barriers to adherence specific to the refugee population are needed to allow reaching optimal levels of adherence and design well-informed intervention programs.
Gender and Violence in Spanish Culture: From Vulnerability to Accountability, María José Gámez Fuentes and Rebeca Maseda García (eds) (2018)
Authors: Barroso Antonio Terrón 
Published: May 2021

Review of: Gender and Violence in Spanish Culture: From Vulnerability to Accountability, María José Gámez Fuentes and Rebeca Maseda García (eds) (2018)
New York: Peter Lang, 235 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-43313-998-7, h/bk, £70.30
ISBN 978-1-43313-998-4, PDF, £70.35
ISBN 978-1-43314-000-6, EPUB, £70.35
Postsurgical Presentation of Zollinger–Ellison Syndrome After Resection of Endometrioid Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Almuhaidb Aymen , Davidson Nicholas O. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Zollinger–Ellison syndrome is a functional neuroendocrine tumor with inappropriate gastrin secretion and hyperchlorhydria causing severe peptic ulcer disease and chronic diarrhea. Although 70% of primary gastrinomas occur in the region of the duodenum, the diagnosis and localization of gastrinomas can be challenging because of small lesions that may arise functionally as lymph node metastases at initial presentation. We report a 76-year-old woman presenting with Zollinger–Ellison syndrome several months after surgical resection of endometrioid small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and endometrioid adenocarcinoma.