bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing Correlations Between Normal Pancreatic and Submandibular Gland Ducts
Authors: Stimec Bojan V , Ignjatovic Dejan , Lobrinus Johannes A 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the relationship between ductal morphometry and ramification patterns in the submandibular gland and pancreas in order to validate their common fractal dimension. METHODS. X-ray ductography with software-aided morphometry were obtained by injecting barium sulphate in the ducts of post-mortem submandibular gland and pancreas specimens harvested from 42 adult individuals. RESULTS. Three cases were excluded from the study because of underlying pathology. There was a significant correlation between the length of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) and the intraglandular portion of the right submandibular duct (SMD) (r = 0.3616; p=0.028), and left SMD (r = 0.595; p<0.01), respectively, but their maximal diameters did not correlate (r = 0.139 - 0.311; p>0.05). Both dimensions of the SMD showed a significant right-left correlation (p<0.05). The number of MPD side branches (mean=37) correlated with the number of side branches of left SMD, but not with the right one (mean = 9). Tortuosity was observed in 54% of the MPD, 32% of the right SMD, and 24% of the left SMD, with mutual association only between the two salivary glands. CONCLUSIONS. Although the length of intraglandular SMD and MPD correlate, other morphometric ductal features do not, thus suggesting a more complex relationship between the two digestive glands.
The Implementation of Habitat Destruction Methods That Promote Native Survival Under Invasion
Authors: Yang Yinghui , Liu Haoqi 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Controlling invasive alien species invasion and maintaining the survival of native species have attracted increasing attention, and habitat destruction can be used to achieve these aims. However, it remains unclear whether and how to promote the long-term survival of indigenous species facing invaders through the use of habitat destruction. In this study, we developed a spatially explicit simulation model and exposed invaders and residents from this model to habitat destruction with different properties. The results showed that (1) introducing habitat destruction could promote the long-term survival of native species facing invaders; however, the promoting effect of habitat destruction occurred only over a period of time after introduction, and habitat destruction substantially weakened indigenous species before that. (2) Intermediate levels of habitat destruction were the most beneficial to the protection of native species. (3) Even if not considering the proportion of destroyed habitats, introducing spatially dispersed habitat destruction at an earlier time and shortening the interval between two habitat destruction events were very beneficial to the protection of residents. These insights can help facilitate the protection of residents under invasion by adjusting the implementation method of habitat destruction.
Market analysis of lead-acid batteries in Russia and the world
Authors: Васильев А.Н. 
Published: November 2021

Проведено исследование состояния рынка свинцово-кислотных аккумуляторов и рассмотрена стратегия развития производителей, экспортеров и импортеров ассоциации. Определено, что за 2019-2020 гг. объемы продаж свинцово-кислотных аккумуляторов в России и мире имеют принципиальные признаки динамики роста и выбор их разнообразия.
The study of the state of the market of lead-acid batteries was carried out and the development strategy of manufacturers, exporters and importers of the association was considered. It was determined that for 2019-2020. The sales volumes of lead-acid batteries in Russia and the world have fundamental signs of growth dynamics and the choice of their diversity.
Functional-target management models of regional security (Part 2. Covering and adequate systems)
Authors: Маслобоев А.В. , Путилов В.А. 
Published: November 2021

Работа направлена на развитие формального аппарата анализа и синтеза многоуровневых распределенных систем управления региональной безопасностью с целью повышения адекватности этих систем в условиях усложнения управленческих задач в этой области. В работе предложены математические модели управления региональной безопасностью , основанные на функционально-целевой технологии и теории иерархических многоуровневых систем. Модели обеспечивают формальную постановку задач и практическую реализацию процедур автоматизации структурно-алгоритмического синтеза адекватных систем информационной поддержки управленческой деятельности. Работа состоит из двух частей. В первой части рассматриваются формальные процедуры синтеза цепочек целей и действий в управлении региональной безопасностью. Во второй части обсуждаются вопросы синтеза моделей покрывающих и адекватных систем, обеспечивающих решение задач управления путем удовлетворения условий изоморфизма всех уровней их декомпозиции и функциональной организации системы.
The study is aimed to development of the mathematical apparatus for analysis and synthesis of the multi-level distributed management systems of regional security for the purpose of system adequacy enhancement under management problems complication in this field. Mathematical models for regional security management based on the functional-target technology and the theory of hierarchical multi-level systems are proposed. Models provide formalized problem statement and practical implementation of automation procedures of the structural-algorithmic synthesis of appropriate systems for information support of management activity. Our research work consists of two parts. In the first part formal procedures of the chain synthesis of goals and actions in regional security management are considered. In the second part the model synthesis issues of covering and adequate systems, providing management problem-solving by isomorphism conditions settlement of the all problem decomposition levels and the system functional organization.
A New Method for the Synthesis of N,N-Diethyl-m-Methylbenzamide from
m-Toluic Acid and Diethylamine Using 1,1'-Carbonyl-di-(1,2,4-triazole)
(CDT) as Coupling Agent
Authors: Pham Duc Thinh , Nguyen Van Thu , Vu Binh Duong , Phan Dinh Chau 
Published: November 2021

:
A new, simple method for the synthesis of N,N-diethyl-m-methylbenzamide (DEET)
from m-toluic acid and diethylamine using 1,1'-carbonyl-di-(1,2,4-triazole) (CDT) as a coupling
agent has been performed. The basic principles of activated carbonyls have been explored with
the ability to prepare new amides easily. All reaction by-products are water-soluble as well as
removed by filtration, the reaction could be purified easily in an aqueous solution by liquid-liquid
extraction, and the product DEET was high purity. This experimental efficiency is about 94-95%,
purity (HPLC): 97-98%.
Mechanistic Investigation of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Effects against Respiratory
Ailments: Application of Network Pharmacology and Molecular
Docking Approaches
Authors: Ijaz Munazza , Huang Xianju , Buabeid Manal , Chohan Tahir Ali , Murtaza Ghulam , Shamim Saba 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Glycyrrhiza uralensis, also known as liquorice, is a herbal remedy that is traditionally
used worldwide for treating respiratory ailments and ameliorating breathing.

Objective:
The objective of this systematic study was to investigate active ingredients of Glycyrrhiza
uralensis and determine its mode of action in silico against severe and acute respiratory complications of
respiratory ailments through network pharmacology and molecular docking studies.

Methods:
TCMSP database search helped retrieve the compounds of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and their protein
targets, especially related to respiratory ailments. Subsequently, the protein-protein association was
attained as a network by using the STITCH database. Cytoscape and its ClueGO plugin were used to
study gene ontology (GO) enrichment. In addition, seven natural compounds were docked in the active
site of four different molecular targets; JUN-FOS, COX2, MAPK14 and IL-6, to identify the binding
mechanism of ligands under study.

Results:
TCMSP database search resulted in the retrieval of 280 compounds of Glycyrrhiza uralensis
(including formononetin, naringenin, sitosterol, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, quercetin and Glycyrrhizin)
and 135 protein targets. A careful study of targets showed that 26 prospective targets (including JUN,
FOS, IL6, MAPK14 and PTGS2) related to respiratory ailments were identified. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment
analysis resulted in the retrieval of 176 GO terms, which were associated with respiratory ailments.
This study proposed that Glycyrrhiza uralensis acts against respiratory ailments through various proteins,
such as JUN, FOS, IL6, MAPK14 and PTGS2. Docking results revealed that among all studied ligands, the
flavonoid-based compounds isorhamnetin and kaempferol form stronger complexes with JUN-FOS-DNA,
MAPK-14, and IL-6 proteins (Cscore=6.81, 4.27, and 4.77, respectively) and the saponin based compound
glycyrrhizin (Cscore=13.07) demonstrated stronger binding affinity towards COX2 enzyme.

Conclusion:
Conclusively, isorhamnetin, kaempferol and glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza uralensis may regulate
several signaling pathways through JUN-FOS-DNA, MAPK-14, and IL-6, which might play a therapeutic
role against respiratory ailments.
The Emergence of Artificial Intelligence in Cardiology: Current and Future
Applications
Authors: Kulkarni Prashanth , Mahadevappa Manjappa , Chilakamarri Srikar 
Published: November 2021

:
Artificial intelligence technology is emerging as a promising entity in cardiovascular
medicine, potentially improving diagnosis and patient care. In this article, we review the literature
on artificial intelligence and its utility in cardiology. We provide a detailed description of concepts
of artificial intelligence tools like machine learning, deep learning, and cognitive computing. This
review discusses the current evidence, application, prospects, and limitations of artificial intelligence
in cardiology.
Phenolic Profile, Acute Toxicity, and Hepatoprotective and Antiproliferative Activities of Algerian Ruta tuberculata Forssk
Authors: Saidi Asma , Hambaba Leila , Kucuk Burak , Cacan Ercan , Erenler Ramazan 
Published: November 2021

Objective:Ruta tuberculata forssk. (Rutaceae) is an aromatic plant widely used in traditional Algerian medicine due to its pharmaceutical virtues against various disorders. This study aims to determine the phenolic profile of aqueous (RAE) and methanol (RME) extracts of R. tuberculata aerial parts and to investigate their acute oral toxicity, as well as their possible antiproliferative and hepatoprotective effects.Methods:Polyphenols were identified by quantitative LC-MS/MS analysis. Oral acute toxicity was performed according to OCDE guidelines. The hepatoprotective activity was evaluated by paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and supported by biochemical and histological analysis of liver and kidneys. The antiproliferative activity against human colorectal HT-29 and ovarian OV2008 cancer cell lines was determined using SRB assay.Results:LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that RME has higher phenols and flavonoids content than RAE; however, its major identified flavonoids are Kaempferol, rutin, and naringenin. R. tuberculata seems mildly toxic at several doses, with oral LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg. The significant increase in hepatic markers enzymes activities as well as cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycemic levels, caused by PCM-administration, was potentially reduced following the co-treatments with vitamin C and RME, respectively, compared to RAE. Moreover, RME-treatment markedly prevented all histological changes. Compared to RAE, RME (100 μg/mL) exhibited excellent antiproliferative activity against both tested cancer lines (% inhibition ≥ 80%).Conclusion:Both R. tuberculata extracts (200 mg/kg/daily) were non-toxic and exerted a potential hepatoprotective effect against PCM-induced hepatotoxicity. Accordingly, RME may be considered a good candidate for the development of new therapies against colorectal and ovarian cancers.
A Review of the Occurrence of Pharmaceutical Compounds as Emerging
Contaminants in Treated Wastewater and Aquatic Environments
Authors: Tauseef Syed Mohammad , Silori Rahul 
Published: November 2021

:
In recent years, pharmaceutical compounds have emerged as potential contaminants in
the aquatic matrices of the environment. High production, consumption, and limited removal
through conventional treatment processes/wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are the major
causes for the occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater and aquatic environments
worldwide. A number of studies report adverse health effects and risks to aquatic life and the ecosystem
because of the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in the aquatic environment. This
paper provides a state-of-the-art review of the occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in treated
wastewater from various WWTPs, surface water and groundwater bodies. Additionally, this review
provides comprehensive information and pointers for research in wastewater treatment and
waterbodies management.
Role of the Cytoskeleton in Steroidogenesis
Authors: Wu Zaichao , Zhang Chunping 
Published: November 2021

:Steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortex or gonads is a complicated process modulated by various elements either at the tissue or molecular level. The substrate cholesterol is first delivered to the outer membrane of mitochondria, undergoing a series of enzymatic reactions along with the material exchange between the mitochondria and the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) and ulti-mately yielding various steroids, such as aldosterone, cortisol, testosterone, and estrone. Several valves are set to adjust the amount of production as per the needs, e.g., StAR (steroidogenic acute regulator) controls the traffic of cholesterol from the outer membrane to the inner membrane of mitochondria which is a rate-limiting step. Moreover, the “need” is partly reflected by trophic signals, like ACTH, LH, and downstream pathways, such as the intracellular cAMP pathway, representing the endocrinal regulation of steroid synthesis. The coordinated activities of these related factors are all associated with another crucial cellular constituent, the cytoskeleton, which plays a crucial role in cellular architecture and substrate traf-ficking. Though considerable studies have been performed regarding steroid synthesis, details regarding the upstream signaling pathways and mechanisms of the regulation by the cytoskeleton network still remain unclear. The metabolism and interplays of the pivotal cellular organelles with cytoskeleton are worth exploring as well. This review summarizes the research of different periods, describing the roles of specific cytoskeleton elements in steroidogenesis and related sig-naling pathways involved in steroid synthesis. In addition, we discuss the inner cytoskeletal net-work involved in steroidogenic processes, such as mitochondrial movement, organelle interac-tions, and cholesterol trafficking.
Effects of Bacterial Metabolites on the Immune System: Enemies and
Friends
Authors: Al-Jabri Zaaima , Al-Reesi Iman , Al-Shizawi Nawal , Al-Balushi Mohammed S. , Al-Jabri Ali A. , Said Elias A. 
Published: November 2021

:
Metabolites produced by bacteria can influence the immune system. These metabolites
are produced by pathogenic bacteria as well as the friendly microbiota. This review sheds light on
the major bacterial metabolites and their structures. It also describes the capacity of these
molecules to stimulate and inhibit the immune responses in a way that affects their capacity to control
different diseases.
A Method for Assessing the Risks of Complications in Chemoradiation Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Starenkiy Viktor , Artiukh Sergii , Ugryumov Mykhaylo , Strilets Viktoriia , Chernysh Serhii , Chumachenko Dmytro 
Published: November 2021

Background:
More than 500,000 new cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) are registered annually in the world. 7,036 new cases of the disease were registered in Ukraine during 2018, about 35% of patients did not live even a year from the date of diagnosis as a modern standard for the treatment of patients with inoperable locally advanced SCCHN, chemoradiation treatment in the classical dose fractionation mode with chemo modification with cisplatin is used by specialists.

Objective:
The objective of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of chemoradiation treatment with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of patients with SCCHN using modern mathematical models.

Methods:
During the investigation we assessed the effectiveness of treatment in 108 patients with locally advanced SCCHN (stages III, IVa, IVb). The results of calculating the probabilities of complications were obtained using the method of multivariate classification based on the radial basis ANN.

Results:
Analyzing the groups with different methods of chemo modification, we can conclude that the method of chrono-modulated radiochemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and the chemoradiation therapy with cisplatin were almost equal in efficiency, namely 77% and 73.5%, respectively (p=0.35).

Conclusion:
Using the chemoradiation therapy with 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of patients with low somatic status and elderly patients is more expedient in contrast to the methods using cisplatin. The advantage of selection of mentioned treatment method is also confirmed by the results of calculating the average complication risks using the method of multivariate classification based on a radial-basis neural network.
Unsupervised Clustering in Epidemiological Factor Analysis
Authors: Dolgikh Serge 
Published: November 2021

Background:
The analysis of epidemiological data at an early phase of an epidemiological situation, when the confident correlation of contributing factors to the outcome has not yet been established, may present a challenge for conventional methods of data analysis.

Objective:
This study aimed to develop approaches for the early analysis of epidemiological data that can be effective in the areas with less labeled data.

Methods:
An analysis of a combined dataset of epidemiological statistics of national and subnational jurisdictions, aligned at approximately two months after the first local exposure to COVID-19 with unsupervised machine learning methods, including principal component analysis and deep neural network dimensionality reduction, to identify the principal factors of influence was performed.

Results:
The approach and methods utilized in the study allow to clearly separate milder background cases from those with the most rapid and aggressive onset of the epidemics.

Conclusion:
The findings can be used in the evaluation of possible epidemiological scenarios and as an effective modeling approach to identify possible negative epidemiological scenarios and design corrective and preventative measures to avoid the development of epidemiological situations with potentially severe impacts.
Aqueous Phase Bromination by Micellar Solution of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
(SDS): An Undergraduate Chemistry Experiment
Authors: Pasricha Sharda 
Published: November 2021

Background:
Bromination is a key reaction in the chemical industry since the organobromines
find application in diverse fields like pharmaceuticals, dyes, fire retardants, and as intermediates
in chemical synthesis.

Objective:
To carry out green, in-situ bromination of acetanilide in an aqueous medium using micellar
SDS as a catalyst.

Methods:
Bromination of acetanilide in-situ using potassium bromide as a non-corrosive source of
bromine, ceric ammonium nitrate as oxidant, micellar solution of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)
as catalyst and water as solvent.

Results:
p-Bromoacetanilide was prepared in excellent yields at room temperature using green
chemistry principles.

Conclusion:
The presented method provides a fast and environmentally safe route for the preparation
of p-bromoacetanilide from acetanilide. It avoids the use of volatile, corrosive, and hazardous
substances like liquid bromine and acetic acid. The use of water makes it safer and free from hazardous
organic solvents. This reaction can be suitably adopted at the undergraduate level and may
find use in the synthesis of commercially important bromo compounds.
analysis model of impolite Indonesian language use
Authors: Anwar Miftahulkhairah , Murtadho Fathiaty , Boeriswati Endry , Yarmi Gusti , Rosa Helvy Tiana 
Published: November 2021

This research was based on the reality of the use of Indonesian language on social media that was vulgar, destructive, full of blasphemy, scorn, sarcasm, and tended to be provocative. This condition has destructive power because it spreads very quickly and is capable of arousing very strong emotions. This article aimed at presenting the results of research on the analysis model of impolite Indonesian language use. This model was developed from tracing status on social media which included language impoliteness in 2019. The novelty of this analysis model was that it involved a factor of power that allowed the appearance of such impolite speech. Therefore, this model is composed of several stages. First, presenting text in the form of spoken, written, and visual texts. Second, transcribing texts. Third, interpreting language impoliteness. At the interpreting stage, the impoliteness of the speeches was carried out by: (1) analyzing the contexts, (2) analyzing the power, (3) analyzing the dictions and language styles that contained impoliteness, (4) analyzing ethical speech acts, and (5) manipulating language politeness. From these language manipulation efforts, they were made to habituate language discipline to create a polite language society.
MODAL BUDAYA DALAM PEMETAAN KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Walidaini Birul 
Published: November 2021

Artikel ini mendeskripsikan tentang peran modal budaya dalam pemetaan kualitan pendidikan. Artikel ini didasari dari review buku “Cultural Capital Rvaluing the Arts, Remaking Urban Spaces” yang ditulis Louse C. Johnson. Dalam buku “Cultural Capital Rvaluing the Arts, Remaking Urban Spaces” yang ditulis Louse C. Johnson dapat dilihat bagaimana modal budaya berperan penting dalam membangun sebuah kota dan memberikan identitas didalamnya. Buku “Cultural Capital Rvaluing the Arts, Remaking Urban Spaces” yang ditulis Louse C. Johnson memberikan contoh kota yang kembali dibangun dengan menerapkan konsep modal budaya. Hasil yang didapat dari buku “Cultural Capital Rvaluing the Arts, Remaking Urban Spaces” yang ditulis Louse C. Johnson adalah deskripsi tentang konsep modal budaya dari Bordieu dan deskripsi tentang pembangunan berkelanjutan di perkotaan. Kemudian dilanjutkan dengan mendeskripsikan pengaruh modal sosial terhadap sistem pendidikan dan sistem sekolah. hasil artikel ini adalah modal budaya memberikan pengaruh terhadap peningkatan kualitas pendidikan, dan konsep- konsep modal budaya dapat diterapkan dalam menjalankan sistem pendidikan dan sistem sekolah.