bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational therapy intervention for cancer patients following hospital discharge: How and when should we intervene? A systematic review
Authors: Taylor Susan , Keesing Sharon , Wallis Amy , Russell Brooke , Smith Andrew , Grant Rebecca 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionAdvances in cancer treatment over the last decade have led to increased survival rates. As a result, survivors are living longer with and beyond cancer, often with greater levels of morbidity. Occupational therapists, with their focus on remedial and compensatory strategies to improve function and participation, are well suited to assess and intervene with this population. Despite this, little research exists to demonstrate the efficacy of interventions and value of the occupational therapy role. This systematic review aimed to review how and when occupational therapists provide services for adult patients with cancer and identify where they add the most value.MethodsA systematic search was conducted of six electronic databases. Eligible studies reported on occupational therapy interventions targeting management of cancer symptoms, rehabilitation or environmental modifications for adult cancer patients discharged from acute hospital services. Data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken by two reviewers. Narrative synthesis summarised the attributes and treatment outcomes of each intervention.ResultsNine articles were included from a total of 309 articles retrieved. Eight different interventions were reported for people with cancer (n = 531). Small sample sizes and methodological quality precluded any formal analysis; however, intervention components that showed positive results were person‐centred, individualised and included regular monitoring and flexibility in care, with input from multidisciplinary health professionals. Therapists also need to reflect upon the optimal duration of interventions and selection of outcome measures that specifically match intervention components.ConclusionDespite inconclusive support of any particular type of intervention, this systematic review identified several successful intervention components for occupational therapists working with people with or beyond cancer. Overall, findings suggest that monitored tailored programmes compensating for fluctuations in a patient's condition have efficacy to improve patient outcomes and should be considered when delivering intervention with patients post hospital discharge.
Allied health led post‐operative hand clinic: Evaluation of an alternative model of care
Authors: Sobb Jo‐Anne , Tharakan Claire , Beazley James 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIntroductionTo assist with the increasing orthopaedic workload, an allied health led hand therapy clinic was established to manage people having routine hand surgeries. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient and doctor satisfaction and safety of this alternative service delivery model.MethodsProspective multimethod design evaluation was undertaken by occupational therapists and physiotherapists working in the field of hand therapy. Satisfaction surveys were completed by orthopaedic doctors and patients. Patient outcomes were assessed at 6 weeks post operatively using the Quick Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire, total active range of motion, Crawford Classification, sensation using light touch and pain with activity utilising Wong Baker FACES® Pain Rating Scale. Quantitative satisfaction survey data were analysed and presented as frequencies and percentages with open question responses analysed using a qualitative description approach. All complications and readmissions within a 3‐month period were identified and recorded to assess safety of this model of care.ResultsFor the 6‐week post‐operative review, 81 patients were seen by an allied health professional rather than a doctor. Patient satisfaction was high with 90% of patients satisfied with post‐operative care provided by allied health; 2% of patients preferred to be seen by a doctor. Doctor satisfaction was also high with 95% of doctors being satisfied and confident with the quality of care provided. A high proportion of patients reported pain 2/10 or less with activity (82.72%), had full sensation (69.14%), excellent range of motion (82.72%), and Quick Disability Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores on average were below 25% indicating minimal functional deficits. Only five patients required doctor involvement post‐operatively.ConclusionThe allied heath led service delivery model was demonstrated to be safe and have high patient and doctor satisfaction, indicating an acceptable alternate pathway for management of people following routine hand surgery.
What women emphasise as important aspects of care in childbirth – an online survey
Authors: Vedeler C , Nilsen ABV , Blix E , Downe S , Eri TS 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo explore and describe what women who have given birth in Norway emphasise as important aspects of care during childbirth.DesignThe study is based on data from the Babies Born Better online survey, version 2.SettingThe maternity care system in Norway.Study populationWomen who gave birth in Norway between 2013 and 2018.MethodDescriptive statistics were used to describe sample characteristics and to compare data from the B3 survey with national data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. The open‐ended questions were analysed with an inductive thematic analysis.Main outcome measuresThemes developed from two open‐ended questions.ResultsThe final sample included 8401 women. There were no obvious differences between the sample population and the national population with respect to maternal age, marital status, parity, mode of birth and place of birth, except for the proportion of planned home births. Four themes and one overarching theme were identified; Compassionate and Respectful Care, A Family Focus, Sense of Continuity and Consistency, and Sense of Security. Overarching theme: Coherence in Childbearing.ConclusionsNorwegian women across all birth settings emphasise maternity care that authentically focuses on both socio‐cultural and psychological aspects of care, and physical and clinical factors. If the positive aspects of care identified in this study are adopted at all levels of the maternity care system and from all care providers, there is a high chance that most women will have a safe outcome, and a strong sense of coherence related to a positive birth and motherhood experience.Tweetable abstractHaving a baby is a pivotal life changing experience and not just a clinical event, according to a survey of 8400 women in Norway. Positive birth and motherhood experiences depend on maternity staff who are both skilled and kind.
Cyanobacterial community composition and their functional shifts associated with biocrust succession in the Gurbantunggut Desert
Authors: Lan Shubin , Thomas Andrew David , Rakes Julie Bethany , Garcia‐Pichel Ferran , Wu Li , Hu Chunxiang 
Published: September 2021

SummaryCyanobacteria, as key biocrust components, provide a variety of ecosystem functions in drylands. In this study, to identify whether a cyanobacterial community shift is involved in biocrust succession and whether this is linked to altered ecological functions, we investigated cyanobacterial composition, total carbon and nitrogen contents of biocrusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert. Our findings showed that the biocrust cyanobacteria in the Gurbantunggut desert were mostly filamentous, coexisting with abundant unicellular colonial Chroococcidiopsis. Heterocystous Nostoc, Scytonema and Tolypothrix always represented the majority of biocrust nitrogen‐fixing organisms, comprising an average of 92% of the nifH gene reads. Community analysis showed a clear shift in prokaryotic community composition associated with biocrust succession from cyanobacteria‐ to lichen‐ and moss‐dominated biocrusts, and filamentous non‐nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacteria‐dominated communities were gradually replaced by nitrogen‐fixing and unicellular colonial communities. Along the succession, there were concomitant reductions in cyanobacterial relative abundance, whereas Chl‐a, total carbon and nitrogen contents increased. Concurrently, distinct carbon and nitrogen stores shifts occurred, implying that the main ecological contribution of cyanobacteria in biocrusts changes from carbon‐ to nitrogen‐fixation along with the succession. Our results suggest that any activity that reverses biocrust succession will influence cyanobacterial community composition and eventually lead to large reductions in soil carbon and nitrogen stores.
Topical anaesthesia in strabismus surgery for Graves’ orbitopathy: a comparative study of 111 patients
Authors: Boulakh Lena , Toft‐Petersen Anne Pernille , Severinsen Martin , Toft Peter Bjerre , Ellervik Christina , Buch Hesgaard Helena , Heegaard Steffen 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTPurposeTo evaluate the tolerability and usability of topical anaesthesia in single rectus muscle recession for strabismus caused by Graves’ orbitopathy (GO). To compare the perioperative pain score and surgical outcome between GO patients and non‐GO patients.MethodsA retrospective comparative study of consecutive single rectus muscle recession performed under topical anaesthesia was carried out. All patients scheduled for one‐stage single rectus muscle recession under topical anaesthesia were included. Numerical visual analogue pain score scale (NVAS) points, rates of motor success (horizontal deviation < 8 prism diopters (PD) and vertical deviation ≤ 6 PD) and sensory success (no diplopia without prisms), complications and postoperative adjustment frequencies were compared between GO and non‐GO patients.ResultsA total of 111 patients were included. The mean perioperative pain scores were 2.3 (SD ± 1.3) in GO and 1.6 (SD ± 1.1) in non‐GO patients (p = 0.06 adjusted for gender). The postoperative mean alignments in GO and non‐GO patients were 2 versus 3 PD horizontally and 1 versus 1 PD vertically respectively. Both motor and sensory success rates were 98% in GO patients and 94% versus 93% in non‐GO patients. Adjustments as a second procedure the day after surgery was performed in 10% of the GO patients and 15% of the non‐GO patients. The oculocardiac reflex was not triggered in any of the GO patients.ConclusionTopical anaesthesia in single muscle recession for GO is safe, well‐tolerated and gives comparable surgical outcomes to those achieved in non‐GO patients.
Evaluating the association between latent classes and competing risks outcomes with multiphenotype data
Authors: Fei Teng , Hanfelt John , Peng Limin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLatent class analysis is an intuitive tool to characterize disease phenotype heterogeneity. With data more frequently collected on multiple phenotypes in chronic disease studies, it is of rising interest to investigate how the latent classes embedded in one phenotype are related to another phenotype. Motivated by a cohort with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from the Uniform Data Set (UDS), we propose and study a time‐dependent structural model to evaluate the association between latent classes and competing risk outcomes that are subject to missing failure types. We develop a two‐step estimation procedure which circumvents latent class membership assignment and is rigorously justified in terms of accounting for the uncertainty in classifying latent classes. The new method also properly addresses the realistic complications for competing risks outcomes, including random censoring and missing failure types. The asymptotic properties of the resulting estimator are established. Given that the standard bootstrapping inference is not feasible in the current problem setting, we develop analytical inference procedures, which are easy to implement. Our simulation studies demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method over benchmark approaches. We present an application to the MCI data from UDS, which uncovers a detailed picture of the neuropathological relevance of the baseline MCI subgroups.
Flame burns
Authors: Demir Yiğit Yasemin , Yiğit Ebral 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFlame burns lead to significant long‐term morbidity and functional consequences. This study analyzed the mortality‐related factors in patients with flame burns to compare with the existing literature. This retrospective descriptive study was carried out at the General Surgery Clinic, Gazi Yaşargil Training and Research Hospital, Turkey, to include 131 patients admitted and treated with emergency surgery for flame burns between January 2016 and December 2019. Of the patients hospitalized for flame burn, 103 (78.6%) were male and 28 (21.4%) were female (M:F = 3.6) with a mean age of 25.3 ± 20.78 years. The 15–34 years age group was the most affected by flame burns. The most frequently affected body areas were the upper extremities and face (n = 68, 51.9%); conjunctivitis developed in 49 (37.4%) patients. The wound infection rate was 34.3%, and Staphylococcus epidermidis had the highest growth rate in wound culture results (24.4%). Flame burns were most common in winter and autumn. The majority of patients (n = 95, 72.5%) were treated with escharectomy and dressing, while grafting was performed in 36 (27.5%) patients. A total of 3 (2.2%) patients died—one died in a suicide attempt, one due to inhalation burn after flame burn, and another died due to sepsis. The average length of hospital stay was 8.0 ± 3.9 days. Flame burns are much more common in young men, causing deeper and wider burns and requiring greater surgical intervention. This leads to frequent wound infections and longer hospital stays.
Changes in community providers' screening behaviours, referral practices, and clinical confidence following participation in an early psychosis educational campaign
Authors: Millman Zachary B. , West Michelle L. , Thibeau Heather , Sanders A. Simone , Guyer Margaret , Keshavan Matcheri , Lilly Megan , Friedman‐Yakoobian Michelle , Woodberry Kristen A. , Johnson Kelsey A. , Kline Emily R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAimSuccessful delivery of care to individuals with early psychosis depends on the ability of community providers to identify and refer appropriate candidates for services. Although specialty centres commonly rely upon education and outreach campaigns to building bridges with community providers, few studies have examined the effectiveness of these campaigns or the mechanisms by which they may achieve their intended effects.MethodsWe surveyed community clinicians (N = 39) about their screening behaviours, referral practices, and confidence in managing early psychosis just before and 3–6 months after attending an educational event designed to promote recognition and quality treatment of early psychosis.ResultsThree to six months following attendance, providers reported screening a greater proportion of clients for early psychosis, referring a greater number of clients to specialty services, and feeling more confident in their ability to respond to clients with early psychosis. Increases in confidence following attendance were associated with corresponding increases in screening behaviour.ConclusionsThe results suggest that outreach campaigns designed to enhance community providers' knowledge about early psychosis assessment and resources may be effective in promoting screening, referrals, and confidence in managing psychosis. Gains in provider confidence may contribute to increases in screening. Given the lack of control group and relatively short follow‐up period, more research is needed to determine the effects of early psychosis educational events and the mechanisms by which they may promote successful treatment delivery for young people in need.
Phenology and flowering overlap drive specialisation in plant–pollinator networks
Authors: Glaum Paul , Wood Thomas J. , Morris Jonathan R. , Valdovinos Fernanda S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractVariation in dietary specialisation stems from fundamental interactions between species and their environment. Consequently, understanding the drivers of this variation is key to understanding ecological and evolutionary processes. Dietary specialisation in wild bees has received attention due to their close mutualistic dependence on plants, and because both groups are threatened by biodiversity loss. Many principles governing pollinator specialisation have been identified, but they remain largely unvalidated. Organismal phenology has the potential to structure realised specialisation by determining concurrent resource availability and pollinator foraging activity. We evaluate this principle using mechanistic models of adaptive foraging in pollinators within plant–pollinator networks. While temporal resource overlap has little impact on specialisation in pollinators with extended flight periods, reduced overlap increases specialisation as pollinator flight periods decrease. These results are corroborated empirically using pollen load data taken from bees with shorter and longer flight periods across environments with high and low temporal resource overlap.
Theoretical and numerical investigation of mode‐I delamination of composite double‐cantilever beam with partially reinforced arms
Authors: Pan Xiao , Jiang Yi , Li Mingjun , Su Zichao 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a theoretical analysis model and two simulation methods are applied to characterize the quasi‐static and fatigue delamination of composite double‐cantilever beam (DCB) with partially reinforced arms. The test data of partially reinforced DCB were used as benchmark to verify the analysis model and simulation, and cohesive zone models (CZMs) and virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) are used in simulation. It is shown that the partially reinforced DCB has a unique double‐peak load–displacement relationship, rising and sudden release of R‐curve near the reinforced area, and produces instability development. By comparing the results of simulation and experiment, the simulation based on the exponential CZM can calculate the delamination of partially reinforced DCB under both quasi‐static and fatigue loading, while VCCT method will generate a straight delamination front edge under the reinforced area and underestimates the influence of the previous load on the later due to the lost of microdamage from previous loading.
Contamination Assessment and Site‐Management Tool (CAST): A Browser‐Based Tool for Site Assessment
Authors: Yadav Prabhas K. , Birla Sandhya , Baliga Vedaanti , Liedl Rudolf , Chahar B. R. , Werth Charles J. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGroundwater dependency is increasing globally, while millions of potentially contaminated sites are yet to be characterized for contamination levels. In particular, groundwater contamination due to light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) continues to be a global challenge. Mathematical approaches (i.e., analytical, semi‐analytical, empirical, numerical) are preferred for an initial site assessment to circumvent the high characterization costs and limited site data availability. However, the site‐specific nature of contamination restricts the generalization of any single approach. Hence, the requirement is for an easy‐to‐use computing interface that provides site‐specific data management, the selection and use of multiple‐model interfaces for computing, and site characterization, with extension for the latest models as they become available. This work provides one such interface called CAST or Contamination Assessment and Site‐management Tool. CAST is an open‐source browser‐based (online/offline) tool that provides an interface for six different analytical models (e.g., BIOSCREEN‐AT), a MODFLOW based numerical model, and two empirical models (including a hybrid numerical‐analytical model). Additionally, CAST includes interfaces for site data management, their evaluation, and scenario‐based modeling. CAST's development is in a modular format, which simplifies the addition of new computing or data interfaces. Furthermore, the entire code‐base of CAST is based on open‐source (dominantly Python programming) libraries and standards. This further simplifies the modification or extension of this tool. This paper introduces CAST, its different computing, and data management interfaces and provides examples of the tool's functionality primarily for the initial evaluation of contaminated sites.
A major change in magma sources in late Mesozoic active margin of the circum‐Sea of Japan domain: Geochemical constraints from late Paleozoic to Paleogene mafic dykes in the Sergeevka belt, southern Primorye, Russia
Authors: Nechaev Victor P. , Sklyarov Evgene V. , Isozaki Yukio , Kruk Nikolay N. , Travin Alexey V. , Tsutsumi Yukiyasu , Nechaeva Eugenia V. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMore than 30 mafic dykes crop out in the Sergeevka belt in the coastal South Primorye, Far East Russia, of which geologic settings have been unclear for years. This study conducted major‐ and trace elements characterization, Sr–Nd isotope analyses, and Ar–Ar amphibole and U–Pb zircon datings for these rocks in order to identify their origin. The results demonstrated that all dykes are characterized by high Ba/Yb and low Nb/Y, Zr/Y, and Th/Yb ratios, which suggest their origin from arc melts derived from thin wedge mantle and shallow‐dipping slab. These dykes are clearly separated into two distinct age/geochemistry suites; that is, the Paleogene and Early Cretaceous one with dolerites/basalts and adakitic rocks, and the Permian–Triassic one with high‐Mg and high‐Al gabbro‐dolerite varieties. Their geochemistry suggests that the older suite was sourced from a primitive depleted MORB mantle (DMM)‐type mantle, whereas the younger suite from an enriched mantle II (EM2)‐type mantle domain. The transition in source type from DMM to EM2 occurred during the Jurassic‐earliest Cretaceous time, probably by a strong influence of a mantle plume onto the long‐continuing subduction‐related magmatism. The plume influence reached the maximum when the unique meimechite‐picrite complex formed in the region.
Effect of metallization temperature on brazing joints of SiC ceramics and 2219 aluminum alloy
Authors: Teng Peng , Li Xianfen , Hua Peng , Liu Hao , Wang Guoping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA two‐step process involving, the pre‐metallization of the SiC ceramic by Ag‐Cu‐Ti foil and the Al based filler alloy was developed to join 2219 aluminum alloy and the metallized SiC. The composition of metallized SiC layer was investigated. The effect of metallization temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joint was analyzed. The brazing process showed that Al from the brazing filler and 2219 substrate reacted with Ag‐Cu‐Ti alloy to form intermetallic compounds. Al3Ti, Al2Ag and Al2Cu were detected in the joint. Ti5Si3, TiC and Ti3SiC2 compounds were found adjacent to the reaction layer of the Ti and SiC. With increasing of metallization temperature, the shear strength of joint first increased and then decreased. The joint shear strength reached 16.0 MPa when the pre‐metallization temperature reached 1000°C and holding time was 10 min.