bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isotope partitioning between cow milk and farm water: A tool for verification of milk provenance
Authors: Boito Marta , Iacumin Paola , Rossi Mattia , Ogrinc Nives , Venturelli Giampiero 
Published: July 2021

RationaleThe oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of the water component of the milk from nine Italian dairy farms were studied together with the farm water for one year. The aim was to verify the importance of farm water and seasonal temperature variation on milk isotope values and propose mathematical relations as new tools to identify the milk origin.MethodsMilk was centrifuged to separate the solids and then distilled under vacuum to separate water. δ(18O/16O) and δ(2H/1H) analyses of the water molecules were carried out using a water equilibrator online with a mass spectrometer. For oxygen and hydrogen isotope determination, water was equilibrated with pure CO2 for 7.5 h and with pure H2 for 5 h, respectively. The isotope ratio value is indicated with δ (expressed on the VSMOW/SLAP scale) as defined by IUPAC.ResultsThe average annual isotope value of milk at the different cattle sheds is mostly related to the farm water suggesting that the drinking water is the most important factor influencing the isotopic values of the milk water. The milk/water fractionation factor correlates with the milking time and, thus, the seasonal temperature is best described by a 4th order polynomial regression line. A two‐level check model was used to verify the milking provenance.ConclusionsThis study shows that it is essential to analyze both milk and farm water to indicate provenance. A two‐step verification tool, based on the difference between the measured and calculated δ(18O/16O)M values, and the difference between the calculated and estimated milk‐water fractionation factors, allowed the source determination of milk. Both conditions must be met if the milk is considered to be from the Parmigiano‐Reggiano production region. Although this approach was developed for this region, it can easily be tested and adapted to other dairy production areas.
Knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards Anthrax among livestock farmers in selected rural areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Dutta Pallab Kumar , Biswas Hiranmoy , Ahmed Jahir Uddin , Shakif‐Ul‐Azam Md. , Ahammed Bepari Mohammed Jafar , Dey Anita Rani 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundBacillus anthracis is a zoonotic bacterium that affects wide numbers of vertebrate animals and man and has life threating potential both in animal s as well as humans.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge about, attitudes towards, and practices addressing (KAPs) anthrax among community members in selected upazillas’ of Meherpur and Sirajgonj districts for the prevention and control of anthrax using a structured questionnaire.ResultsA total of 424 community members were considered in this study irrespective of their age and sex. Most of the respondents were female (57.54%) and about half were illiterate (47.40%). Most of the respondents (86.32%) were self‐employed with crop and livestock farming. Among the self‐employed farmers, cattle (63.73%) were the highest reared animals. Among the respondents, 37.26% had no knowledge about anthrax. On the other hand, among the existing knowledge level, 46.69% received information of anthrax from neighbour, 74.05% and 56.82% were concerned about the mode of transmission of anthrax from animal to human through eating, handling and soil. Respondents usually collected vaccine from quack (58.25%) and vaccination status was highest in Kamarkhand (52.03%) and lowest in Gangni upazilla (10.82%). Overall 62.74% community members considered that anthrax is a fatal disease for livestock and 82.54% people disposed carcass in buried method.ConclusionThe study findings indicated that the community members had average knowledge on cause, symptoms, transmission and prevention of anthrax. The supplied vaccine was found negligible with the number of livestock in the studied upazilas. Veterinary and Medical health planners should design and implement interventions for awareness building on anthrax under One Health (OH) approach for educating the community people on anthrax control and prevention.
Shared Physical Custody After Parental Separation: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Walper Sabine , Entleitner-Phleps Christine , Langmeyer Alexandra N. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMultilocal, dual residence or shared parenting arrangements after parental separation are increasingly discussed in many countries because they seem best suited to allow for more equally shared parental roles and children’s equal access to both (biological) parents. So far, there is little information about shared physical custody in Germany. The present research uses the second wave from a large German survey “Growing up in Germany” (2013–2015) to investigate the prevalence, preconditions, as well as possible outcomes of shared physical custody after separation. The sample comprises 1042 children (below age 18) with separated parents (maternal report). Measured by children’s overnight stays with each parent, less than 5% of these children lived in a dual residence arrangement (50:50 up to 60:40% of time with either parent). Shared physical custody was more likely if maternal and paternal residence were in close proximity, and if the mother had higher levels of education. As expected, shared physical custody was more likely if the parents had a positive cooperative (co-parenting) relationship while co-parenting problems did not seem to have independent effects. The findings are discussed with respect to other research addressing issues of self-selection into different parenting arrangements and the still limited role of shared physical custody in Germany in facilitating more equal gender roles.
Non-clausal Redundancy Properties
Authors: Barnett Lee A. , Biere Armin 
Published: July 2021

AbstractState-of-the-art refutation systems for SAT are largely based on the derivation of clauses meeting some redundancy criteria, ensuring their addition to a formula does not alter its satisfiability. However, there are strong propositional reasoning techniques whose inferences are not easily expressed in such systems. This paper extends the redundancy framework beyond clauses to characterize redundancy for Boolean constraints in general. We show this characterization can be instantiated to develop efficiently checkable refutation systems using redundancy properties for Binary Decision Diagrams (BDDs). Using a form of reverse unit propagation over conjunctions of BDDs, these systems capture, for instance, Gaussian elimination reasoning over XOR constraints encoded in a formula, without the need for clausal translations or extension variables. Notably, these systems generalize those based on the strong Propagation Redundancy (PR) property, without an increase in complexity.
Generalized Completeness for SOS Resolution and its Application to a New Notion of Relevance
Authors: Haifani Fajar , Tourret Sophie , Weidenbach Christoph 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe prove the SOS strategy for first-order resolution to be refutationally complete on a clause setNand set-of-supportSif and only if there exists a clause inSthat occurs in a resolution refutation from$$N\cup S$$N∪S. This strictly generalizes and sharpens the original completeness result requiringNto be satisfiable. The generalized SOS completeness result supports automated reasoning on a new notion of relevance aiming at capturing the support of a clause in the refutation of a clause set. A clauseCisrelevantfor refuting a clause setNifCoccurs in every refutation ofN. The clauseCissemi-relevant, if it occurs in some refutation, i.e., if there exists an SOS refutation with set-of-support$$S = \{C\}$$S={C}from$$N\setminus \{C\}$$N\{C}. A clause that does not occur in any refutation fromNisirrelevant, i.e., it is not semi-relevant. Our new notion of relevance separates clauses in a proof that are ultimately needed from clauses that may be replaced by different clauses. In this way it provides insights towards proof explanation in refutations beyond existing notions such as that of an unsatisfiable core.
Superposition for Full Higher-order Logic
Authors: Bentkamp Alexander , Blanchette Jasmin , Tourret Sophie , Vukmirović Petar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe recently designed two calculi as stepping stones towards superposition for full higher-order logic: Boolean-free$$\lambda $$λ-superposition and superposition for first-order logic with interpreted Booleans. Stepping on these stones, we finally reach a sound and refutationally complete calculus for higher-order logic with polymorphism, extensionality, Hilbert choice, and Henkin semantics. In addition to the complexity of combining the calculus’s two predecessors, new challenges arise from the interplay between$$\lambda $$λ-terms and Booleans. Our implementation in Zipperposition outperforms all other higher-order theorem provers and is on a par with an earlier, pragmatic prototype of Booleans in Zipperposition.
Confidences for Commonsense Reasoning
Authors: Tammet Tanel , Draheim Dirk , Järv Priit 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCommonsense reasoning has long been considered one of the holy grails of artificial intelligence. Our goal is to develop a logic-based component for hybrid – machine learning plus logic – commonsense question answering systems. A critical feature for the component is estimating the confidence in the statements derived from knowledge bases containing uncertain contrary and supporting evidence obtained from different sources. Instead of computing exact probabilities or designing a new calculus we focus on extending the methods and algorithms used by the existing automated reasoners for full classical first-order logic. The paper presents the CONFER framework and implementation for confidence estimation of derived answers.
A Normative Supervisor for Reinforcement Learning Agents
Authors: Neufeld Emery , Bartocci Ezio , Ciabattoni Agata , Governatori Guido 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWe introduce a modular and transparent approach for augmenting the ability of reinforcement learning agents to comply with a given norm base. The normative supervisor module functions as both an event recorder and real-time compliance checker w.r.t. an external norm base. We have implemented this module with a theorem prover for defeasible deontic logic, in a reinforcement learning agent that we task with playing a “vegan” version of the arcade game Pac-Man.
Twee: An Equational Theorem Prover
Authors: Smallbone Nicholas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTwee is an automated theorem prover for equational logic. It implements unfailing Knuth-Bendix completion with ground joinability testing and a connectedness-based redundancy criterion. It came second in the UEQ division of CASC-J10, solving some problems that no other system solved. This paper describes Twee’s design and implementation.
The Isabelle/Naproche Natural Language Proof Assistant
Authors: De Lon Adrian , Koepke Peter , Lorenzen Anton , Marti Adrian , Schütz Marcel , Wenzel Makarius 
Published: July 2021

Abstract"Image missing"
is an emerging natural proof assistant that accepts input in the controlled natural language ForTheL.
"Image missing"
is included in the current version of the Isabelle/PIDE which allows comfortable editing and asynchronous proof-checking of ForTheL texts. The dialect of ForTheL can be typeset by
"Image missing"
into documents that approximate the language and appearance of ordinary mathematical texts.
Learning from Łukasiewicz and Meredith: Investigations into Proof Structures
Authors: Wernhard Christoph , Bibel Wolfgang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe material presented in this paper contributes to establishing a basis deemed essential for substantial progress in Automated Deduction. It identifies and studies global features in selected problems and their proofs which offer the potential of guiding proof search in a more direct way. The studied problems are of the wide-spread form of “axiom(s) and rule(s) imply goal(s)”. The features include the well-known concept of lemmas. For their elaboration both human and automated proofs of selected theorems are taken into a close comparative consideration. The study at the same time accounts for a coherent and comprehensive formal reconstruction of historical work by Łukasiewicz, Meredith and others. First experiments resulting from the study indicate novel ways of lemma generation to supplement automated first-order provers of various families, strengthening in particular their ability to find short proofs.
Contact interactions and top-philic scalar dark matter
Authors: Cornell Alan S. , Deandrea Aldo , Flacke Thomas , Fuks Benjamin , Mason Lara 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We investigate the phenomenology of a scalar top-philic dark matter candidate when adding a dimension-five contact interaction term, as motivated by possible underlying extensions of the Standard Model such as composite Higgs models. We show that the presence of contact interactions can have a major impact on the dark matter relic density as well as on its direct and indirect detection prospects, while the collider phenomenology of the model is unaffected. This underlines the complementarity of collider and cosmological constraints on dark matter models.
Biomechanical cues as master regulators of hematopoietic stem cell fate
Authors: Li Honghu , Luo Qian , Shan Wei , Cai Shuyang , Tie Ruxiu , Xu Yulin , Lin Yu , Qian Pengxu , Huang He 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) perceive both soluble signals and biomechanical inputs from their microenvironment and cells themselves. Emerging as critical regulators of the blood program, biomechanical cues such as extracellular matrix stiffness, fluid mechanical stress, confined adhesiveness, and cell-intrinsic forces modulate multiple capacities of HSCs through mechanotransduction. In recent years, research has furthered the scientific community’s perception of mechano-based signaling networks in the regulation of several cellular processes. However, the underlying molecular details of the biomechanical regulatory paradigm in HSCs remain poorly elucidated and researchers are still lacking in the ability to produce bona fide HSCs ex vivo for clinical use. This review presents an overview of the mechanical control of both embryonic and adult HSCs, discusses some recent insights into the mechanisms of mechanosensing and mechanotransduction, and highlights the application of mechanical cues aiming at HSC expansion or differentiation.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation improves long-term outcome for relapsed AML patients across all ages: results from two East German Study Group Hematology and Oncology (OSHO) trials
Authors: Heinicke Thomas , Krahl Rainer , Kahl Christoph , Cross Michael , Scholl Sebastian , Wolf Hans-Heinrich , Hähling Detlev , Hegenbart Ute , Peter Norma , Schulze Antje , Florschütz Axel , Schmidt Volker , Reifenrath Kolja , Zojer Niklas , Junghanss Christian , Sayer Herbert G. , Maschmeyer Georg , Späth Christian , Hochhaus Andreas , Fischer Thomas , Al-Ali Haifa Kathrin , Niederwieser Dietger 
Published: July 2021

SummaryRelapse of acute leukemia is a frequent complication with uncertain outcome and poorly defined risk factors. From 1621 patients entered into two prospective clinical trials (AML02; n = 740 and AML04; n = 881), 74.2% reached complete remission (CR) 1 after induction(s) and 59 patients after additional induction ± hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Of the non-refractory patients, 48.4% with a median age of 63 (range 17–85) years relapsed. Relapses occurred within 6 months after CR in 46.5%, between 7 and 18 months in 38.7%, and after 18 months in 14.8% of patients. Relapse treatment resulted in CR2 in 39% of patients depending upon age (54.5% of ≤ 60 and 28.6% of > 60 years), duration of CR1, and treatment of relapse. Overall survival (OS) was 10.9 (7.4–16.2) %, but OS after HCT ± intensive chemotherapy (ICT) was 39.3% (31.8–48.6) at 5 years and not different in younger and older patients. Donor lymphocyte infusion ± chemotherapy and ICT alone resulted only in OS of 15.4% and of 5%, respectively. Independent favorable factors for OS were long CR1 duration, and HCT, while non-monosomal disease was beneficial for OS in elderly patients. Leukemia-free survival [LFS; 24.9 (19.5–31.7) % at 10 years] was affected by similar risk factors. In a competing risk model, the relapse incidence at 5 years was 53.5 ± 3.5% and the non-relapse mortality rate 21.7 ± 2.9%. Lower relapse incidence was observed in patents with HCT, long CR1 duration, and female gender. Risk factors for non-relapse mortality were HCT in younger and type of AML in elderly patients. In conclusion, allogeneic HCT ± IC improved the results in relapsed AML in younger and elderly patients. Increasing CR2 rates and HCT frequency will be the challenge for the next years. Relapse of the disease remains the major problem.
The Action of the Weyl Group on the $$E_8$$ Root System
Authors: Winter Rosa , van Luijk Ronald 
Published: July 2021

AbstractLet $$\varGamma $$
Γ
be the graph on the roots of the $$E_8$$

E
8

root system, where any two distinct vertices e and f are connected by an edge with color equal to the inner product of e and f. For any set c of colors, let $$\varGamma _c$$

Γ
c

be the subgraph of $$\varGamma $$
Γ
consisting of all the 240 vertices, and all the edges whose color lies in c. We consider cliques, i.e., complete subgraphs, of $$\varGamma $$
Γ
that are either monochromatic, or of size at most 3, or a maximal clique in $$\varGamma _c$$

Γ
c

for some color set c, or whose vertices are the vertices of a face of the $$E_8$$

E
8

root polytope. We prove that, apart from two exceptions, two such cliques are conjugate under the automorphism group of $$\varGamma $$
Γ
if and only if they are isomorphic as colored graphs. Moreover, for an isomorphism f from one such clique K to another, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for f to extend to an automorphism of $$\varGamma $$
Γ
, in terms of the restrictions of f to certain special subgraphs of K of size at most 7.
Ataxia and mobility in children following surgical resection of posterior fossa tumour: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Hartley H , Lane S , Pizer B , Bunn L , Carter B , Cassidy E , Mallucci C , Kumar R 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To report the course of ataxia in children up to 2 years post-operatively, following surgical resection of a posterior fossa tumour (PFT).

Methods
Thirty-five children, (median age 9 years, range 4–15) having resection of PFT, were assessed using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), Brief Ataxia Rating Scale (BARS) and the mobility domain of the Paediatric Evaluation of Disability Index (PEDI-m) at initial post-operative period (baseline), 3 months, 1 year and 2 years post-operatively.

Results
Baseline median scores of the SARA and BARS were 8.5 (range 0–35.5), and 7 (0–25) respectively. Ataxia improved at 3 months (median SARA and BARS reduction 3.5 and 4, respectively). Additional gradual improvements in SARA were recorded at 1 (median reduction 2) and 2 years post-operatively (median reduction 0.5). Median baseline PEDI-m was 54.75 (range 15.2–100) with improvement at 3 months (median increase 36.95) and small improvement at 1 year (median increase 2.5) and 2 years (median increase 5.8). Children with medulloblastoma and midline tumours (median baseline SARA 10 and 11, respectively) demonstrated more severe ataxia than children with low-grade gliomas and unilateral tumours (median baseline SARA 7.5 and 6.5, respectively).

Conclusion
The largest improvement in ataxia scores and functional mobility scores is demonstrated within the first 3 months post-operatively, but ongoing gradual improvement is observed at 2 years. Children with medulloblastoma and midline tumour demonstrated higher ataxia scores long term.
Total and whole grain intake in Latin America: findings from the multicenter cross-sectional Latin American Study of Health and Nutrition (ELANS)
Authors: Fisberg Regina Mara , Fontanelli Mariane Mello , Kowalskys Irina , Gómez Georgina , Rigotti Attilio , Cortés Lilia Yadira , García Martha Yépez , Pareja Rossina G. , Herrera-Cuenca Marianella , Fisberg Mauro ,   ELANS Study Group, Fisberg Mauro , Kovalskys Irina , Salas Georgina Gómez , Rigotti Attilio , Sanabria Lilia Yadira Cortés , García Martha Cecilia Yépez , Torres Rossina Gabriella Pareja , Herrera-Cuenca Marianella , Koletzko Berthold , Moreno Luis A. , Pratt Michael , Fisberg Regina Mara , Previdelli Agatha Nogueira , Guajardo Viviana , Zimberg Ioná Zalcman , Guajardo Viviana , Amigo María Paz , Janezic Ximena , Cardini Fernando , Echeverry Myriam , de França Natasha Aparecida Grande , Echeverría Guadalupe , Landaeta Leslie , Castillo Óscar , Vargas Luz Nayibe , Castillo Luisa Fernanda Tobar Yuri Milena , Rojas Rafael Monge , Cáceres Mónica Villar , Ocampo María Belén , Liria María Reyna , Meza Krysty , Abad Mellisa , Cuenca Marianella Herrera- , Landaeta-Jiménez Maritza , Méndez Betty , Vásquez Maura , Ramírez Guillermo , Hernández Pablo , Meza Carmen , Rivas Omaira , Morales Vanessa , Gonçalves Priscila Bezerra , Alberico Claudia , de Moraes Ferrari Gerson Luis 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose
Understanding whole-grain intake and its associated factors is essential to tackle the double burden of malnutrition faced by Latin American countries. This study aimed to characterize total and whole grain intake in Latin American countries and to investigate foods contributing to these intake in the region.

Methods
Data were obtained from the multicenter cross-sectional survey Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), including 9128 participants residing in urban areas of eight Latin American countries. Data collection was performed via two household visits using a standardized questionnaire and two 24 h dietary recalls. Usual dietary intake of total grain foods and foods containing whole grains was estimated. The association between the intake of grain food groups and sociodemographic variables was investigated using multiple linear regression models with random intercepts.

Results
Mean intake of total grain foods and foods containing whole grains was 318.6 g/d and 14.7 g/d, respectively. Total grain foods were less consumed by participants at older ages (−9.8 g/d), and females (−9.9 g/d), and more consumed by those in the lowest socioeconomic category (24.8 g/d). Foods containing whole grains were more consumed by participants at older ages (3.3 g/d), and females (4.0 g/d), while those in the lowest socioeconomic category consumed 2.9 g/d less. Major contributors to energy provided from foods containing whole grains were oatmeal, masa harina, whole-wheat bread, corn chips, and wheat crackers.

Conclusion
The intake of grain foods represented a substantial part of the Latin American population’s diet, but the intake of foods containing whole grains was extremely low in all assessed countries.