bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E‐FLOAT: Extractable Floating Liquid Gel‐Based Organ‐on‐a‐Chip for Airway Tissue Modeling under Airflow
Authors: Park Siwan , Young Edmond W. K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMicrofluidic lung‐on‐a‐chip systems are increasingly attractive tools for studying lung physiology and function because of their ability to accurately recapitulate spatiotemporal features of the airway tissue microenvironment including cellular organization, tissue architecture, and mechanical cues such as cyclic stretching and airflow. However, most lung‐on‐a‐chip devices to date rely on integrated design elements like membranes for airway cell culture, and focus mainly on enabling on‐chip monitoring and analysis while neglecting the need for off‐chip analysis. Here, an extractable floating liquid‐gel‐based organ‐on‐a‐chip for airway tissue modeling referred to as “E‐FLOAT” is described that is arrayable, scalable, and uniquely amenable to withstand physiologic airflow by microanchors. It is shown that E‐FLOAT can be combined with a custom airflow system that permits controlled injection of particulate matter for air pollution studies. Results show that airflow is critical to efficiently achieving physiologic mimicry of airway epithelium composition, tight junction expression, mucus production, and cilia formation on epithelial cells. It is also shown that E‐FLOAT allows standard on‐chip analysis while permitting complete sample extraction and off‐chip analysis via immunocytochemistry, microscopy, and histological sectioning and staining, thereby expanding the number and types of biological assays that can be used and questions that can be tackled.
Corrosion and protection of galvanized steel in vegetation‐growing concrete in marine environment (I): Corrosion performance
Authors: Shiyuan Xiong , Xiaole Huang , Wennian Xu , Xiaoping Guo , Shuan Liu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGalvanized steel has excellent corrosion resistance in atmospheric and soil corrosive environments, because a dense and passive zinc oxide film, formed on the surface could effectively inhibit the corrosion of the Fe substrate. The galvanized steel wire has been widely embedded in vegetation‐growing concrete for reinforcement and showed good corrosion resistance and strengthening performance. However, in the marine area, the corrosion rate of galvanized steel is accelerated, and the galvanized steel wire will be failed in vegetation‐growing concrete in a short time. This study has been carried out with a view to analyze the corrosion performance and corrosion mechanism of galvanized steel wire embedded in vegetation‐growing concrete in the marine environment. EIS and Tafel curves were employed to study the corrosion performance of galvanized steel under different chloride concentrations and temperatures in vegetation‐growing concrete lixivium. Results showed that the corrosion rate of galvanized steel increased with the increase of chloride concentration and the temperature in vegetation‐growing concrete lixivium.
Lightweight, flexible, and heat‐insulated phenolic impregnated carbon ablator (PICA) with adjustable flexibility and high compressive resilience property
Authors: Liu Xinchao , Sun Jiancheng , Yuan Fang , Ye Changshou , Zhang Rubing 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhenolic impregnated carbon ablator (PICA) as a typical lightweight ceramic ablative material is widely used in thermal protection systems (TPS). However, the rigidity and poor mechanical property of the existing PICA limit its application in flexible TPS. For the purpose of solving these problems, a novel lightweight, flexible, and heat‐insulated PICA material is first successfully fabricated using resorcinol‐formaldehyde (RF) aerogel as matrix and flexible carbon fiber felt as reinforcement through vacuum impregnating and ambient pressure drying. The prepared composites have relatively low densities (0.20 ~ 0.27 g/cm3) and low thermal conductivities (~0.11 W/[m·K]) at room temperature. The flexible PICA has adjustable flexibility through changing the RF concentration of impregnated sols and exhibits excellent folding endurance, which can be folded more than 500 times without fracture. The material can recover to its original shape without fracture when the compressive strain is up to 60%, which shows high compressive resilience properties. The result of the back‐face temperature test indicates the prepared flexible PICA composite has improved thermal insulation property at high temperature by impregnating with RF aerogels. These results demonstrate the flexible PICA prepared in this work is a promising material that can be used in the flexible thermal protection field of aerospace.
Understanding Component‐Specific Contributions and Internal Dynamics in Silicon/Graphite Blended Electrodes for High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Heubner Christian , Liebmann Tobias , Lohrberg Oliver , Cangaz Sahin , Maletti Sebastian , Michaelis Alexander 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBlended electrode materials containing high‐capacity silicon (Si) and robust graphite (Gr) materials are considered advanced alternatives to pure graphite electrodes used in Li‐ion batteries. Understanding the component‐specific lithiation and delithiation behavior and electrochemical interactions between the blended materials is of crucial importance for targeted optimization of composition and microstructural design, yet hardly addressed to date. Herein, a model‐like Si/Gr blended electrode and special electrochemical cell are introduced to directly capture the component specific behaviors for the first time. This includes studies of the formation cycles, the reaction distribution between Si and Gr, the component‐specific contributions to the capacity at different charge and discharge rates, and the internal dynamics during pulse loads and subsequent relaxation. The deconvolution of the components’ behavior during operation provides fundamental insights that contribute to a profound understanding and targeted optimization of Si/Gr blended electrodes. Furthermore, the application of the presented experimental approach can serve scientists to identify and study other advanced materials combinations as blended electrodes for rechargeable batteries.
The impact of air pollution on the cost of debt financing: Evidence from the bond market
Authors: Tan Jianhua , Chan Kam C. , Chen Yining 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis study investigates whether bond markets reflect firms' exposure to air pollution through an increased cost of debt financing; and, if so, whether firms can mitigate this air pollution penalty via effective governance and active monitoring. Using 1067 bonds issued by Chinese firms, we document a positive association between air pollution and the cost of debt financing, and this association is robust and economically meaningful. Specifically, with a one standard deviation increase in air pollution severity, a firm's bond yield spread increases approximately 16% relative to an average bond. Additional analysis suggests that credit risk and financial uncertainty are the transmission channels. Our results also confirm that strengthened corporate governance, active board and external monitoring, and a stabilized economic environment further enhance the impact of air pollution on a firm's cost of debt. Overall, air pollution has a material change in a firm's business strategy in using debt.
The study of virtual reality adaptive learning method based on learning style model
Authors: Lin Yi , Wang Shunbo , Lan Yangfan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLearning style is the endogenous cause of students' unique behaviors when they are performing learning tasks. The adaptive learning system that considers learning style can provide a personalized experience to stimulate students' enthusiasm, which had been widely studied in recent years. However, most of such existing systems are constructed based on a desktop environment, which leads to the less‐than‐ideal effect of personalized learning due to the limitation of interaction means and environmental dimension. Therefore, an adaptive virtual reality learning method based on the learning style model was proposed in this study. This method continuously iterated the identification of learning style based on students' subjective and objective data. Then, the content of virtual learning environment was sustainedly adjusted according to the identification results, thus enabling the environment to dynamically adapt to students' learning styles. To evaluate the feasibility of this proposed method, a controlled experiment on 152 participants was conducted. Results show that this method obtained relatively stable and accurate results of learning style identification, with an accuracy range of 74.38%–80.30%. Moreover, learning in the virtual environment constructed based on this method had a positive impact on students' learning motivation and outcomes.
Redox Isomerization/(3+2) Allenoate Annulation by Auto‐Tandem Phosphine Catalysis
Authors: Maddigan‐Wyatt Jeremy T. , Blyth Mitchell T. , Ametovski Jhi , Coote Michelle L. , Hooper Joel F. , Lupton David W. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA phosphine‐catalyzed approach to pyrrolines has been developed that involves two mechanistically unlinked catalytic processes. The first involves the redox isomerization of amino crotonates to provide access to aliphatic tosyl imines, which then engage in a (3+2) annulation with various allenoates. The reaction shows generality, with 24 examples established, along with a low yielding and moderately enantioselective variant. Mechanistic studies indicate that the viability of the process is linked to the selection of catalysts with similar propensity to add to the two coupling partners.
Probing the Boundaries between Lewis‐Basic and Redox Behavior of a Parent Borylene
Authors: Arrowsmith Merle , Endres Sara , Heinz Myron , Nestler Vincent , Holthausen Max C. , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe parent borylene (CAAC)(Me3P)BH, 1 (CAAC=cyclic alkyl(amino)carbene), acts both as a Lewis base and one‐electron reducing agent towards group 13 trichlorides (ECl3, E=B, Al, Ga, In), yielding the adducts 1‐ECl3 and increasing proportions of the radical cation [1]•+ for the heavier group 13 analogues. With boron trihalides (BX3, X=F, Cl, Br, I) 1 undergoes sequential adduct formation and halide abstraction reactions to yield borylboronium cations and shows an increasing tendency towards redox processes for the heavier halides. Calculations confirm that 1 acts as a strong Lewis base towards EX3 and show a marked increase in the B−E bond dissociation energies down both group 13 and the halide group.
When minority influence is enough to increase tolerance of fraud: An experimental small‐group study
Authors: Sardais Cyrille , Guinovker Alexandre , Bellavance François , Agogué Marine 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper studies minority influence on individual tolerance to certain instances of fraud. Using an experimental approach, we divided 100 students from a business school into 25 groups and compared the individual trajectory of each group according to whether they were in a group composed of only fraud‐intolerant individuals (control), in a group with one fraud‐tolerant individual (minority), or in a group with two fraud‐tolerant individuals (equality). Our results indicate that individual fraud tolerance increases significantly after a group discussion in which only one more fraud‐tolerant individual participates, demonstrating the magnitude of the minority influence on the trajectory of individuals who were initially fraud intolerant.
Synthesis, Binding Affinity Analysis, and 18F Radiosynthesis of Small‐Molecular‐Weight HIF‐1α‐Binding Compounds
Authors: Dawn Woodfield Jenilee , Bhardwaj Atul , Bergman Cody , Wuest Frank 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEleven small‐molecular‐weight compounds and three cyclic peptides were synthesized and evaluated for binding to hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α). Microscale thermophoresis analysis identified peptide [19F]SFB‐link‐c‐(Ppg)LLFVY 3 and small‐molecule inhibitor 5 as potent HIF‐1α binding compounds with KD values of 0.46±0.2 μM and 7.8±3.4 μM, respectively. Both compounds represent novel HIF‐1α‐targeting compounds that are predicted to interact with the PAS‐B region of HIF‐1α, as confirmed with molecular docking studies. Lead structures 3 and 5 were further radiolabelled with fluorine‐18 for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging agents targeting HIF‐1α in vivo.
Supercritical CO2‐assisted Fabrication of Two‐dimensional Graphdiyne Oxide Nanosheets for Enhanced Photothermal Conversion
Authors: Yang Jian , Liu Wei , Xu Lekai , Gao Bo , Qi Qi , Du Jiang , Yang Huanhuan , Ma Wenjie , Tian Qingyong , Xu Qun 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGraphdiyne (GDY) is a new two‐dimensional ordered carbon oxide composed ofspandsp2hybrid carbon atoms. It holds great application potential due to the uniformly distributed pores and design flexibility. However, the present preparation technology is still limited to obtain graphdiyne oxide (GDYO) nanosheets from oxidation of exfoliated GDY, just depending on strong corrosive acid as an oxidant. Herein, this work reports a simple, efficient, liquid‐phase exfoliation strategy, in which supercritical carbon dioxide (SC CO2) was first proposed to directly exfoliate GDY and prompt their oxidation into ultrathin GDYO nanosheets. The introduced CO2molecules can cause the increase of bond lengths and bending degree of the intermediate C bond, and it can weaken and further break acetylenic bonds, which is proved by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Meanwhile, experimentally GDYO nanosheets also show excellent light‐to‐heat conversion performance with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 63.95%. Therefore, this work provides a new environmentally friendly way to design and develop advanced carbon‐based materials and indicates GDYO‐based materials fundamentally significant in biomedicine, environmental governance.
Frustrated Lewis Pairs Based on Carbon⋅⋅⋅Carbon+Tetrel Bonds: A DFT Study
Authors: de las Nieves‐Piña María , Frontera Antonio , Mooibroek Tiddo J. , Bauzá Antonio 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ability of Triangulenium (TA+) compounds to form Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) with N‐HeteroCycle Carbenes (NHCs) is analysed in this manuscript at the PBE0‐D3/def2‐TZVP level of theory. We have used six TA+‐based moieties, three presenting similar bridging groups (O (trioxo), −CH2(triaryl) and −NH (triaza)) and another three mixing, O, −CH2and NH moieties. In addition, several aryl‐substituted NHCs have been used as electron donor moieties to undergo carbon⋅⋅⋅carbon+tetrel bonds with the TA+derivatives. More precisely, −Me,−iPr, −tBu and −Ph groups were used. Finally, we have used Bader's quantum theory of “atoms in molecules” (QTAIM) and Natural Bonding Analysis (NBO) to characterize the carbon⋅⋅⋅carbon+tetrel bonds described herein. We expect the results gathered herein will be useful for further exploitation of carbon⋅⋅⋅carbon+bonds in the formation of FLPs as well as to expand the current knowledge of tetrel bonds to the fields of synthetic chemistry and catalysis.
Synthesis of Adamantyl H‐Phosphinate Esters
Authors: Winters Karen R. , Ricke Chloe , Montchamp Jean‐Luc 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAdamantyl H‐phosphinate esters have been described by Leclaire, Giordano, and coworkers as “universal precursors of P‐stereogenic compounds” after resolution by chiral HPLC, because these esters resist racemization during displacement with organometallics. In that work, the racemic esters were prepared from phosphorus trichloride or dichlorophosphines (RPCl2). We decided to investigate alternative methods for the preparation of these important precursors. Esterification methods included EDC, PivCl, and T3P. A protocol to avoid chromatographic purification was also developed and used for multigram‐scale synthesis. Finally, adamantyl hypophosphite 1‐AdOP(O)H2 was also prepared and used in the synthesis adamantyl H‐phosphinate esters, thereby providing an alternative to the esterification of H‐phosphinic acids, although 1‐AdOP(O)H2 was much less reactive than other hypophosphite esters.
The effect of outcome severity on moral judgement and interpersonal goals of perpetrators, victims, and bystanders
Authors: Frisch Lisa Katharina , Kneer Markus , Krueger Joachim Israel , Ullrich Johannes 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWhen two actors have the same mental state but one happens to harm another person (unlucky actor) and the other one does not (lucky actor), the latter elicits a milder moral judgement. To understand how this outcome effect would affect post‐harm interactions between victims and perpetrators, we examined how the social role from which transgressions are perceived moderates the outcome effect, and how outcome effects on moral judgements transfer to agentic and communal interpersonal goals. Three vignette experiments (N = 950) revealed similar outcome effects on moral judgement across social roles. In contrast, outcome effects on agentic and communal goals varied by social role: victims exhibited the strongest outcome effects and perpetrators the weakest, with bystanders falling in between. Moral judgement did not mediate the effects of outcome severity on interpersonal goals. We discuss the possibility that outcome severity raises normative expectations regarding post‐harm interactions that are unrelated to moral considerations.
Potential applications of the CRISPR/Cas technology for genetic improvement of yam (Dioscorea spp.)
Authors: Syombua Easter D. , Tripathi Jaindra N. , Obiero George O. , Nguu Edward K. , Yang Bing , Wang Kan , Tripathi Leena 
Published: October 2021

AbstractYam (Dioscorea spp.) is an economically important crop grown in the tropical and subtropical regions, producing tuberous roots that serve as a staple food, an income source, and an excellent source of various pharmaceutical precursors. Yam production is constrained by disease and pest infestations and a range of abiotic stresses. Genetic improvement can significantly mitigate these challenges, improve productivity, expand the yam markets, and increase economic gains. However, several intrinsic attributes of the crop have curtailed progress in yam breeding. Advanced genetic engineering such as genome editing by sequence‐specific nucleases has emerged as complementary approaches to conventional breeding techniques. Mainly, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR‐associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) system for genome editing has provided robust platforms for gene function analysis and crop improvement in the post‐genomic era. Despite its significance, research towards improving the yam species remains under‐represented compared to other staple tuber crops such as cassava and sweet potato. Thus, it is critical to explore avenues for increasing the genetic gains from this under‐exploited crop. The present review focuses on the progress and prospects for applying the CRISPR/Cas technology for yam improvement. The study elaborates on the currently available CRISPR/Cas tool for yam genome engineering and explores the potential applications of this toolkit in mitigating the various challenges encountered in yam production and consumption. Furthermore, we have delved into the challenges associated with this technology and the improvements made to minimize these challenges. The insights presented herein provide a guide for yam improvement to increase genetic gains from this under‐researched and under‐utilized resource.
User‐centered requirement elicitation for the procurement of medical equipment used by different services and types of end‐users
Authors: Cardoso Ricardo B. , Brust‐Renck Priscila G. , Fogliatto Flavio S. , Tortorella Guilherme L. , Samson Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe propose a method to collect data on user requirements of medical equipment shared by different users and services, relate those requirements with the equipment's technical features, and rank the most important features to be considered when procuring the equipment, leading to more effective procurement decision making. Our method is structured in three phases: (i) elicit the device's technical characteristics, (ii) determine user requirements, and (iii) relate technical characteristics to user requirements. The method is applied to rank the most relevant features of a hospital recliner used by seven services and three types of users. Our results indicate the 10 most relevant factors (requirements) for an “ideal” hospital recliner with potential impact on outputs (importance scores). A final list of 32 items was useful for comparing user requirements and identifying key features that address the most relevant requirements. User‐centered approaches to requirements elicitation in medical equipment procurement promote healthcare benefits, safety, and end‐user satisfaction. Potential use of our approach goes beyond our application case study into many other categories of procurement decisions and into other industry and business applications, wherever multiple stakeholders' requirements should be considered in decisions with multiple value dimensions of value.
A perspective on prognostic models in chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the era of targeted agents
Authors: Molica Stefano , Seymour John F. , Polliack Aaron 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDespite the increase in the number of prognostic models currently available for evaluating patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), their current application and utilization in clinical practice in the era of targeted agents is unclear. A critical reappraisal of recently developed prognostic models is presented in this review. The underlying CLL's genetic instability and changes in the host's health and comorbidities can all contribute to the acquisition of additional risk factors for adverse outcomes during the course of the disease. Therefore, available risk models solely based on pretreatment variables only partially predict patients' clinical outcome. A dynamic prognostic model that takes into account changes in the risk profile over time could indeed be useful in routine clinical practice. The next generation of risk assessment models should incorporate post‐treatment and response biomarkers such as minimal residual disease. Finally, recent advances in the field of machine learning present novel opportunities to generate models capable of providing an individualized estimation of clinical outcomes in CLL. However, in the era of improved prognostic models, it is important to remember that these indices should supplement but not replace clinical expertise and medical decision‐making.