bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrophysical Properties of Limestones - Influence On Behaviour Under Different Environmental Conditions And Applications
Authors: Sousa Luís , Menningen Johanna , López-Doncel Rubén , Siegesmund Siegfried 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Limestones have wide variety, namely by differences in the process of formation, mineralogical composition, grain size and texture. Such variability leads to differences in weathering characteristics and behaviour under different environmental conditions and applications. Therefore, detailed studies are mandatory to assess the main factors controlling the physical-mechanical properties and the durability to propose the best applications for the limestones. This study presents the petrographic and petrophysical data of eleven selected Portuguese limestones. Texture, mineralogy and porosity were identified as key parameters for the durability of limestones. Two main groups were identified regarding the texture/petrography and weathering resistance; the compact micritic limestones and with the sparitic grainstones. For the first time an outstanding bowing behaviour was identified in a limestone, probably related with clay swelling minerals and iron oxides present in the micrite groundmass around or in the stylolitic planes.
Research on the Measurement of Patent-intensive Industry Technology Lock-in from the Perspective of TML
Authors: Yang Wu , Sun Shiqiang , Gao Tengfei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

As the core industry of technological innovation capabilities, patent-intensive industries, cultivating their rapid development is conducive to breaking the "technological lock-in" and realizing my country's independent innovation in the core technology field. Based on the INNOJOY patent database, the wireless communication network patent was selected as the research object, and the subjective and objective weighting method and the growth rate cycle index synthesis method were used to measure the technical lock-in from the perspective of TML. The study found： (1) The technology lock-in index of the United States, Japan, and South Korea generally shows an upward trend, while the technology lock-in index of China has a trend of declining volatility, and the United States has the highest degree of lock-in in the field of wireless communication network technology, ranking first. Japan is in the second position, South Korea is in the third position, and China is in the fourth position; (2) The six core technologies identified belong to American companies. The public years are concentrated in 2017 and 2019, and the technical field is concentrated in H04W72/04 ( The same data transmission method and user equipment), H04W72/08 (signaling for proximity service and D2D discovery in LTE networks), and H04L1/00 (method to support channel allocation information for uplink and downlink channels) And device) these three core patents show that the current three core technologies are cutting-edge technologies in the field of wireless communication networks. The formation mechanism of technology lock-in was clarified, and measurement research was carried out to provide a theoretical basis and analysis method for cracking my country's "technology lock-in", and then to achieve the goal of "patent power."
Staged correction trajectory with hexapod external fixator for the satisfactory reduction of acute long bone shaft fracture
Authors: Liu Yanshi , Wang Fei , Liu Kai , Cai Feiyu , Zhang Xingpeng , Li Hong , Zhang Tao , Yusufu Aihemaitijiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Backgroud:
When deformity correction and fracture reduction are conducted in acute long bone shaft fracture using the hexapod external fixator, the collision and interference between the irregular bony end in the reduction process often result in an incomplete reduction and a time-consuming procedure. The purpose of this study was to present and determine the clinical effectiveness of staged correction trajectory with hexapod external fixator for the satisfactory reduction of acute long bone shaft fracture.
Methods
A total of 57 patients with acute tibial shaft fractures consented to hexapod external fixator treatment in our institution were retrospectively analyzed from June 2016 to February 2020. Thirty-one cases (Group Ⅰ) underwent a conventional one-step reduction trajectory from June 2016 to July 2018. Starting in September 2018, the other twenty-six patients (Group Ⅱ) all underwent staged correction trajectory (three key points reduction trajectory of “extension-rotation-reduction”). The demographic data, residual deformities before and after correction, number of repeated radiographs after the first postoperative radiograph, duration of deformity correction, and external fixation time were documented and analyzed. At the last clinical visit, the Johner-Wruhs criteria were used to evaluate the final clinical outcomes.
Results
All the 57 patients achieved satisfactory fracture reduction and bone union. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in demographic data, residual deformities before and after correction, external fixation time, and final clinical outcomes (P > 0.05). The average number of repeated radiographs after the first postoperative radiograph and mean duration of deformity correction in Group Ⅱ (1.3 times, 2.9 days) were all less than those in Group Ⅰ (2.3 times, 5.1 days) (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Compared with the conventional one-step reduction trajectory, there are no statistically significant differences in the final clinical outcomes, but the staged correction trajectory is a superior method with the advantages of less repeated radiographs and reduction duration.
Exosomes Derived from Stem Cells from Apical Papilla Ameliorate Sjogren's Syndrome by Suppressing Th17 Cell Differentiation
Authors: Wang Aochen , Liu Jie , Yu Si , Liu Xuemei , Zhuang Xueying , Liu Yao , Chen Xu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is characterized by progressive lymphocyte infiltration and a decrease in the secretory function of the salivary glands. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) transplantation has shown great potential in the treatment of SS. Exosomes are one of the key paracrine factors that allow MSCs to perform their functions, and are more stable and safer than MSCs. Stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP), a kind of dental stem cells that are derived from the neural crest, have a wide range of immunoregulatory properties. However, the roles of exosomes derived from SCAP (SCAP-Exo) in the treatment of SS are not clear. This study investigated the effects of SCAP-Exo on ameliorating SS and the underlying mechanisms.Methods: SCAP-Exo were isolated and characterized by western blotting, transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analysis. SCAP-Exo were systemically infused into SS mice via the tail vein. H&E staining, saliva flow rate tests, flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were performed to verify the therapeutic effects of SCAP-Exo. PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) array analysis was conducted to determine the piRNA expression profiles of SCAP-Exo, and the key pathways were analysed. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to reveal the molecular role of the exosomal hsa-piR-15254 target interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R). Furthermore, the molecular mechanism by which hsa-piR-15254 regulated T helper 17 (Th17) cell differentiation in vitro was tested by flow cytometry, ELISA, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results: We found that SCAP-Exo transplantation successfully improved saliva secretion, alleviated lymphocyte infiltration in the submandibular glands and reduced the proportion of Th17 cells in SS mice. Mechanistically, hsa-piR-15254 was enriched in SCAP-Exo; a luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that hsa-piR-15254 directly targeted the IL-6R mRNA 3’ untranslated region. Furthermore, we revealed that hsa-piR-15254 inhibited Th17 differentiation and downregulated the level of IL-17A in the supernatant and the expression levels of Th17-related genes in vitro.Conclusion: This study demonstrated that SCAP-Exo had a superior therapeutic effect on SS by inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation. These data suggested that SCAP-Exo could be used in a cell-free approach for the clinical treatment of autoimmune disease.
WITHDRAWN: Knockout of β2 Microglobulin Potentiates The Effects of IFN-γ Priming On The Survival and Immunomodulatory Capacities of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: HAN A.Reum , Shin Ha Rim , Kweon Jiyeon , Lee Sang Eun , Go Jinyoung , Lee Soo Bin , Chang Eun-Ju , Kim Yongsub , Kim Seong Who 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
MSCs have long been thought to be immune-privileged with low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and rare expression of MHC class II. However, growing evidence indicates that these cells may not actually be hypoimmunogenic, particularly when exposed to cytokines such as IFN-γ. IFN-γ primed increase of MHC class I expression can promote the rejection of allogenic MSCs in the host recipient. A strategy to overcome this drawback is urgently required.
Methods
We knocked out β2-microglobulin (B2M) in MSCs, which is a component of MHC class I, using the ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-mediated clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)- CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system. The expression of MSC surface markers, MHC class I, and B2M was assayed by flow cytometry and western blotting. Upon co-culture of MSCs with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, the survival and proliferation of both cell types were examined by cell counting kit (CCK-8) and carboxy fluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE), respectively. The levels of immunomodulatory molecules in MSCs were evaluated by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting.
Results
B2M-knockout MSCs expressed low levels of MHC class I even upon IFN-γ priming, but maintained their native properties as evidenced by the expression of specific surface markers. CD8+ T cell proliferation was also far less stimulated by B2M-knockout MSCs than by control cells. Under these conditions, B2M-knockout MSCs had a significantly longer survival duration (> 2.4 fold) than did control cells. B2M-knockout MSCs showed significantly elevated levels of immune-modulatory molecules including indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6); conversely, B2M-knockout MSCs produced significantly lower levels of proinflammatory molecules (e.g., IL-1b, CXCL10) compared with control cells.
Conclusion
The loss of B2M in MSCs potentiated the immunomodulatory effects of IFN-γ priming while mitigating its potential inflammatory effects. B2M-knockout MSCs are a potentially promising treatment for immune-related inflammatory diseases.
In Search of Lost Beauty: Experiences of Iranian Women with Melasma
Authors: Edalatkhah Hasan , Sadeghie-Ahary Saeid , Abbasnejad Fatemeh , Karimollahi Mansoureh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background
The skin condition called Melasma affects patients’ appearance significantly and also impacts them psychologically and emotionally, besides leading to an impaired body image.
Aim
Since access to quality information in different cultural environments is necessary to understand the psychological problems associated with Melasma, the aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of 20 Iranian women with Melasma.
Patients/Methods:
The content analysis method was employed for this study. Twenty participants were selected through purposive sampling, and data was collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews, and then transcribed verbatim.
Results
After categorizing the initial codes, 14 subthemes were identified, which were classified under five themes—camouflage, seeking treatment, lost beauty, grief, and others’ reaction; these were then grouped under a general one, “in search of lost beauty.”
Conclusions
Melasma has a tremendous impact on the lives of the women it affects, and therapists should focus on the condition’s social and psychological aspects, in addition to treatment.
Surface And Atmospheric Patterns For Early And Late Rainy Season Onset Years In South America
Authors: Talamoni Isabella , Cavalcanti Iracema , Kubota Paulo , Souza Dayana , Baker Jessica , Vieira Rita 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The biosphere-atmosphere interactions associated with the rainy season onset in South America (SA) are not well understood. This study aimed to analyse the atmospheric and surface patterns associated with early, neutral and late rainy season onset years in SA. The years 2006, 2004 and 2008 were characterized as having early, neutral and late rainy season onsets, respectively, in comparison to the climatological mean (1998–2016). Distinct atmospheric conditions were identified in the early and late rainy season onset years. In the early onset year, the northwesterly moisture flux and moisture advection were higher than average over SA’s centre-east, promoting precipitation. In the late onset year, precipitation was enhanced in SA’s northwest and the configuration of multiple atmospheric blocking episodes contributed to the rainy season onset delay. Surface conditions also contributed to both the early/late rainy season onset. In the early onset year, there were wetter and cooler pre-onset conditions over centre-east SA. In the late onset year, atmospheric conditions were dry and warm prior to onset. Despite the atmospheric instability promoted by the increase in sensible heating, dry atmospheric conditions were not favourable to convection, thus delaying rainy season onset. These findings highlight the importance of the land-surface as well as atmospheric conditions for the rainy season onset in SA, and also how the onset variability promotes different atmospheric and surface patterns. The results will help develop modelling capability for better prediction of rainy season onset focusing on biosphere-atmosphere processes improvements.
Preparation of Nanostructured HgI2 Nanotubes /Si Photodetector by Laser Ablation in Liquid
Authors: Abd-Alrahman Amnah S. , Ismail Raid , Mohammed Mudhafar A. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this work, HgI2 nanotubes/Si heterojunction has been prepared by pulsed laser ablation in ethanol at laser fluence of 12.7 J/cm2. The structural and optical properties of HgI2 nanotubes (NTs) are studied. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) result shows the presence of the mixture of tetragonal and orthorhombic phases of HgI2. The optical properties results show that the optical energy gap of HgI2 NTs was 2.98 eV measured at room temperature. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of HgI2 display a single emission centered at 535nm. Fourier transformed infrared (FT-IR) results reveal the existence of small bonds at 612 and 1102 cm− 1. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image show formation of nanotubes and spherical nanoparticles with average particle size of 23nm. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of HgI2 confirms the formation of nanotubes morphology with an average diameter of 80nm and an average length of 1.6µm. The I-V curve of HgI2 NTs/p-Si heterojunction were measured at dark and illumination. The responsivity of HgI2 NTs/p-Si heterojunction photodetector is 1.09A/W at 450 and the detectivity and external quantum efficiency are 3.6 ×1012 Jones at 450 and 3×102% at 400nm, respectively, without using post annealing.
Immunoregulatory therapy in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: Low-dose Interleukin-2 therapy increases the reduced Treg cells
Authors: Wu Ruihe , Mu Yanfei , Zhao Xiangcong , Zhao Jinfang , Ding Tingting , Xue Hongwei , Gao Chong , Li Xiaofeng , Wang Cai-Hong 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Objective: The breakdown of immune tolerance caused by dysfunctional CD4+T cells is one of the key mechanisms to participate in the pathogenesis and progression of autoimmune diseases, especially the reduced regulatory T (Treg) cell is associated with the breakdown of immune tolerance. Low-dose Interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy has been confirmed to be a potential therapy to treat autoimmune diseases by selectively expanding Treg cells to restore the immune tolerance. However, it is still unclear whether Treg cells play an important role in the progression of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-(ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), and whether low-dose IL-2 therapy contributes to restore the immune tolerance and promote the remission of disease in AAV. The aim of our study is to explore the role of Treg cells in the progression of AAV and evaluate the efficacy of low-dose IL-2 therapy on AAV. Methods: We collected the clinical data of 39 patients with AAV (including 12 who received subcutaneous low-dose IL-2 therapy combined with conventional therapies) and 65 healthy controls (HCs) to compare the differences of the absolute number of CD4 + T cell subsets, and then analyze the relationship between these cells and the clinical indicators of disease activity. In addition, we investigated the changes of CD4 + T cell subsets and clinical indicators before and after the treatment of low-dose IL-2 therapy. Results: Patients with AAV had reduced peripheral Treg cells than HCs (P<0.001), which were negatively correlated with the clinical indicators of disease activity and organ injury, and those patients with high disease activity exhibited lower level peripheral Treg cells(P=0.002). The low-dose IL-2 therapy significantly increased the reduced Treg cells in patients with AAV compared with the baseline values (P=0.001) to promote the remission of disease. Conclusion: The reduced peripheral blood Treg cells participated in the imbalance of immune in patients with AAV and were related to the progression of disease. Low-dose IL-2, as an immunoregulatory therapy, increases the reduced Treg cells to restore the immune tolerance and promote the remission of AAV.
Functional Tissue-engineered Microtissue Formed by Self-aggregation of Cells for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Authors: Zhang Jian , Li Chaochao , Meng Fanqi , Guan Yanjun , Zhang Tieyuan , Yang Boyao , Ren Zhiqi , Liu Xiuzhi , Li Dongdong , Zhao Jinjuan , Zhao Jie , Wang Yu , Peng Jiang 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) is one of the essential causes of physical disability with a high incidence rate. The traditional tissue engineering strategy, Top-Down strategy, has some limitations. A new tissue-engineered strategy, Bottom-Up strategy (tissue-engineered microtissue strategy), has emerged and made significant research progress in recent years. However, to the best of our knowledge, microtissues are rarely used in neural tissue engineering, thus we intended to use microtissues to repair PNI.Methods: We used a low-adhesion cell culture plate to construct adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) into microtissues in vitro, explored the physicochemical properties and microtissues components, compared the expression of cytokines related to nerve regeneration between microtissues and the same amount of two-dimension (2D)-cultured cells, co-cultured directly microtissues with dorsal root ganglion (DRG) or Schwann cells (SCs) to observe the interaction between them using immunocytochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We used grafts constructed by microtissues and polycaprolactone (PCL) nerve conduit to repair sciatic nerve defects in rats.Results: The present study results indicated that compared with the same number of 2D-cultured cells, microtissue could secrete more nerve regeneration related cytokines to promote SCs proliferation and axons growth. Moreover, in the direct co-culture system of microtissue and DRG or SCs, axons of DRG grown in the direction of microtissue, and there seems to be a cytoplasmic exchange between SCs and ASCs around microtissue. Furthermore, microtissues could repair sciatic nerve defects in rat models more effectively than traditional 2D cultured-ASCs. Conclusion: Tissue-engineered microtissue is an effective strategy for stem cell culture and therapy in nerve tissue engineering.
Effect of collapse and hump on thermomechanical behavior in high-power laser welding of 16 mm marine steel EH40
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhang Guojun , Xu Jiajun , Li Youzhi , Chen Quan , Rong Youmin , Huang Yu 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This paper concerns high-power laser welding of thick plates for the ship industry. Thermomechanical behavior during laser welding of 16 mm marine steel EH40 using 25 kW laser power was investigated by a 3D finite elements model. The objective is to analysis the effects of weld collapse and hump on the residual stress induced thermal cycle. A double-cylindrical source model was proposed to simulate the transient distribution of temperature field. Heat flow distribution area is a cylinder, radial heat flow presents a Gaussian distribution, while heat flow peak in the direction of thickness is decaying then increasing exponentially. The predicted weld geometry had good agreement with the actual results. When collapse and hump were considered, simulation error of temperature distribution was reduced from 10.85–1.54%. In addition, cooling curves obtained from the thermal simulation were incorporated into the continuous cooling transformation diagram of EH40 to explain the evolution mechanism of microstructure. It was shown that collapse and hump affected the values and distribution trend of residual stress in different thickness, especially in the high gradient stress zone near the weld center.
Association of Red Blood Cell and Platelet Transfusions With Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Suzuki Ginga , Ichibayashi Ryo , Masuyama Yuka , Yamamoto Saki , Serizawa Hibiki , Nakamichi Yoshimi , Watanabe Masayuki , Honda Mitsuru 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The objective of this single-center retrospective cohort study was to investigate the relationship between blood transfusion and persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome (PIICS). The study was conducted at the Critical Care Center at Toho University Omori Medical Center, Japan. We included 391 patients in the PIICS group (hospitalization for > 15 days, C-reactive protein > 3.0 mg/dL or albumin < 3.0 mg/dL or lymph < 800/µL on day 14) and 762 patients in the non-PIICS group (hospitalization for > 15 days and not meeting the PIICS criteria). We performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses using PIICS as the objective variable and red blood cell (RBC) or fresh frozen plasma or platelet (PLT) transfusion and other confounding factors as explanatory variables. In addition, we conducted sensitivity analysis using propensity score matching analysis. The multivariate and propensity score analyses showed that RBC and PLT transfusions were significantly associated with PIICS. This is the first study to report an association between RBC and PLT transfusions and PIICS. Our findings have contributed to better understanding the risk factors of PIICS and suggest that physicians should consider the risk of PIICS occurrence when administering blood transfusions in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.