bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐expiry stability of freeze‐dried plasma under field conditions – Can shelf life be extended?
Authors: Zur Meital , Gorenbein Pavel , Nachshon Akiva , Radomislensky Irina , Tsur Avishai M. , Benov Avi , Wagnert‐Avraham Linn , Glassberg Elon 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackgroundThis prospective study evaluated the effect of routine, uncontrolled, Israeli field storage conditions on the safety and efficacy of Lyo‐Plas N Freeze‐Dried Plasma (FDP) at the end of the manufacturer's shelf life, and up to 24 months post expiry. Clotting factors V, VIII and XI, proteins S, C, fibrinogen, PTT, ATIII, VWF, and INR as well as TEG, DDM, residual moisture, pH, and sterility of FDP returned from field units after uncontrolled storage were evaluated.Study Design and MethodsParameters measured at the end of manufacturer shelf life, as well as 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after expiry, were compared to those of freshly supplied FDP doses.ResultsChanges were found when comparing freshly supplied FDP to all field‐stored groups in INR, PT, PTT, pH, fibrinogen, and factor VIII. A significant change was also seen in Factor XI in the 12, 18, and 24 months post‐expiry samples, Factor V and R in the 24 months post‐expiry samples, MA in the 12, 24 months post‐expiry group, and Protein C in the 18 months post‐expiry group. An increase in the residual moisture from 0.90% in freshly supplied FDP to 1.35% in 24 months post‐expiry FDP.; allp< .05. No growth was found in sterility analysis.ConclusionDespite uncontrolled field storage conditions, the findings demonstrate that the safety and efficacy of FDP units, stored in uncontrolled conditions are only slightly affected, even beyond their expiration date. This information allows consideration of possibly extending the shelf life.
Retrospective evaluation of the use of hydrocortisone for treatment of suspected critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) in dogs with septic shock (2010–2017): 47 cases
Authors: Summers April M. , Culler Christine , Yaxley Page E. , Guillaumin Julien 
Published: February 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate characteristics of septic shock patients treated with hydrocortisone (HC) due to suspicion of critical illness–related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI) as compared to septic shock patients without suspicion of CIRCI.DesignRetrospective study between February 2010 and October 2017.SettingUniversity teaching hospital ICU.AnimalsData were collected for 47 dogs with septic shock. Twenty‐one dogs were treated with HC (HC‐treated) due to suspicion of CIRCI. Twenty‐six dogs did not receive HC (non‐HC‐treated).InterventionsHC was administered either as an intermittent IV bolus or as a constant rate infusion (CRI) to those patients with suspected CIRCI.Measurements and main resultsSignificantly higher baseline APPLEfullscores and predicted mortality were detected in the HC‐treated patients compared to non‐HC‐treated patients (0.87 vs 0.44 for predicted mortality,P = 0.039). Patients in the HC‐treated group were on more vasopressors and cardiotonics than those in the non‐HC‐treated group (2.5 vs 1.5,P <0 .001). All patients initially responded to vasopressor administration, with average time to resolution of hypotension being 90 minutes for the HC‐treated group compared to 60 minutes for the non‐HC‐treated group (P = 0.640). However, HC‐treated patients took significantly longer to have a sustained resolution (a systolic blood pressure > 90 mm Hg or a mean blood pressure > 65 mm Hg for at least 4 h) of their hypotension after starting vasopressors, as compared to their non‐HC‐treated counterparts (8.5 vs 4 h,P = 0.001). Three (14.3%) HC‐treated patients survived to discharge compared to 9 (34.6%) non‐HC‐treated patients, but this was not statistically significant.ConclusionsHC‐treated patients had a higher baseline risk of mortality than non‐HC‐treated patients. There was no significant difference in survival between the HC‐treated and non‐HC‐treated septic shock patients. Further studies are needed to evaluate the use of HC in patients with suspected CIRCI.
Assessment of the Predictive Capability of VERA—CS for CASL Challenge Problems
Authors: Athe Paridhi , Jones Christopher , Dinh Nam 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper describes the process for assessing the predictive capability of the Consortium for the advanced simulation of light-water reactors (CASL) virtual environment for reactor applications code suite (VERA—CS) for different challenge problems. The assessment process is guided by the two qualitative frameworks, i.e., phenomena identification and ranking table (PIRT) and predictive capability maturity model (PCMM). The capability and credibility of VERA codes (individual and coupled simulation codes) are evaluated. Capability refers to evidence of required functionality for capturing phenomena of interest while credibility refers to the evidence that provides confidence in the calculated results. For this assessment, each challenge problem defines a set of phenomenological requirements (based on PIRT) against which the VERA software is evaluated. This approach, in turn, enables the focused assessment of only those capabilities that are relevant to the challenge problem. The credibility assessment using PCMM is based on different decision attributes that encompass verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification (VVUQ) of the CASL codes. For each attribute, a maturity score from zero to three is assigned to ascertain the acquired maturity level of the VERA codes with respect to the challenge problem. Credibility in the assessment is established by mapping relevant evidence obtained from VVUQ of codes to the corresponding PCMM attribute. The illustration of the proposed approach is presented using one of the CASL challenge problems called chalk river unidentified deposit (CRUD) induced power shift (CIPS). The assessment framework described in this paper can be considered applicable to other M & S code development efforts.
Robustification Through Minimax Dynamic Programing and Its Implication for Hybrid Vehicle Energy Management Strategies
Authors: Mallon Kevin R. , Assadian Francis 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) control strategies are often designed around specific driving conditions. However, when driving conditions differ from the designed conditions, HEV performance can suffer. This paper develops a novel HEV energy management strategy (EMS) that is robust to uncertain driving conditions by augmenting a stochastic dynamic programing (SDP) controller with minimax dynamic programing (MDP). This combination of MDP and SDP has not previously been studied in the literature. The stochastic element uses a Markov chain model to represent driver behavior and is used to optimize the control for expected future driver behavior. The minimax element instead optimizes against potential worst-case (maximal cost) future driver behavior. The resulting EMS can be directly implemented on a vehicle. This method is demonstrated on a series hybrid electric bus model. Robustness to uncertain driving conditions is tested by simulating on a variety of heavy-duty vehicle drive cycles that differ from the drive cycle on which the EMS was trained. A single tuning parameter is used to balance the stochastic and minimax elements of the EMS, and a parametric study shows the effects of this tuning parameter. It was found that using minimax control could increase the vehicle fuel economy on multiple uncertain driving conditions, with a tradeoff of decreased fuel economy when the driving conditions match the designed conditions. That is, it offers an exchange of performance on the nominal driving conditions for performance on uncertain driving conditions.
Plant evolution driven by interactions with symbiotic and pathogenic microbes
Authors: Delaux Pierre-Marc , Schornack Sebastian 
Published: February 2021

New pathways in plants and microbes
Plants and microbes have interacted through evolution in ways that shaped diversity and helped plants colonize land. Delaux and Schornack review how insights from a range of plant and algal genomes reveal sustained use through evolution of ancient gene modules as well as emergence of lineage-specific specializations. Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts have layered innovation onto existing pathways to build new microbial interactions. Such innovations may be transferrable to crop plants with an eye toward building a more sustainable agriculture.

Science
, this issue p.
eaba6605
Development of a patient-reported outcome measure for neck pain in military aircrew: qualitative interviews to inform design and content
Authors: Dowling Anna , Slungaard Ellen , Heneghan Nicola R 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionThe prevalence of flight-related neck pain is 70% in UK fast jet pilots; much higher than the general population. The Aircrew Conditioning Programme and direct access physiotherapy exist to minimise the impact on military capability, but a population specific patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) is required to investigate the effectiveness of these. We aimed to explore the experiences of flight-related neck pain to inform the content validity and development of a population specific PROM.MethodsQualitative semistructured interviews combining phenomenological and grounded theory methods, reported using Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative research guidelines. A purposive sample of 10 fast jet pilots with neck pain was recruited. Concept elicitation interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim along with field notes. Data analysis involved subject and methodological expertise used a concept elicitation approach.ResultsParticipants included 10 male fast jet pilots, age 34.7 years. Identified themes included: (1) physical symptoms associated with flying activities; (2) occupational effects revealed modifications of flying, or ‘suboptimal’ performance owing to neck pain; (3) psychological effects revealed feelings or worry and (4) social and activity effects showed impact on out of work time.ConclusionPopulation-specific occupational, psychological and social factors should be considered alongside physical symptoms when managing neck pain in military aircrew. Findings support the development of a PROM specifically designed for military aircrew with neck pain.
The timing of continuous renal replacement therapy initiation in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in the intensive care unit: the CRTSAKI Study (Continuous RRT Timing in Sepsis-associated AKI in ICU): study protocol for a multicentre, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Chen Wei-yan , Cai Li-hua , Zhang Zhen-hui , Tao Li-li , Wen Yi-chao , Li Zhi-bo , Li Li , Ling Yun , Li Jian-wei , Xing Rui , Liu Xue-yan , Lin Zhuan-di , Deng Zhe-tong , Wang Shou-hong , Lin Qin-han , Zhou Dun-rong , He Zhi-jie , Xiong Xu-ming 
Published: February 2021

IntroductionAcute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the most common organ dysfunction in sepsis, and increases the risk of unfavourable outcomes. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) is the predominant treatment for sepsis-associated AKI (SAKI). However, to date, no prospective randomised study has adequately addressed whether initiating RRT earlier will attenuate renal injury and improve the outcome of sepsis. The objective of the trial is to compare the early strategy with delayed strategy on the outcomes in patients with SAKI in the intensive care unit (ICU).Methods and analysisThis is a large-scale, multicentre, randomised controlled trial about SAKI. In total, 460 patients with sepsis and evidence of AKI stage 2 of Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) will be recruited and equally randomised into the early group and the delay group in a ratio of 1:1. In the early group, continuous RRT (CRRT) will be started immediately after randomisation. In the delay group, CRRT will initiated if at least one of the following criteria was met: stage 3 of KDIGO, severe hyperkalaemia, pulmonary oedema, blood urea nitrogen level higher than 112 mg/dL after randomisation. The primary outcome is overall survival in a 90-day follow-up period (90-day all-cause mortality). Other end points include 28-day, 60-day and 1-year mortality, recovery rate of renal function by day 28 and day 90, ICU and hospital length of stay, the numbers of CRRT-free days, mechanical ventilation-free days and vasopressor-free days, the rate of complications potentially related to CRRT, CRRT-related cost, and concentrations of inflammatory mediators in serum.Ethics and disseminationThe trial has been approved by the Clinical Research and Application Institutional Review Board of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (2017–31-ks-01). Participants will be screened and enrolled from patients in the ICU with SAKI by clinicians, with no public advertisement for recruitment. Results will be disseminated in research journals and through conference presentations.Trial registrationNCT03175328.
Factors shaping the implementation and use of Clinical Cancer Decision Tools by GPs in primary care: a qualitative framework synthesis
Authors: Bradley Paula Theresa , Hall Nicola , Maniatopoulos Gregory , Neal Richard D , Paleri Vinidh , Wilkes Scott 
Published: February 2021

ObjectiveClinical Cancer Decision Tools (CCDTs) aim to alert general practitioners (GPs) to signs and symptoms of cancer, supporting prompt investigation and onward referral. CCDTs are available in primary care in the UK but are not widely utilised. Qualitative research has highlighted the complexities and mechanisms surrounding their implementation and use; this has focused on specific cancer types, formats, systems or settings. This study aims to synthesise qualitative data of GPs’ attitudes to and experience with a range of CCDTs to gain better understanding of the factors shaping their implementation and use.DesignA systematic search of the published (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science and EMBASE) and grey literature (July 2020). Following screening, selection and assessment of suitability, the data were analysed and synthesised using normalisation process theory.ResultsSix studies (2011 to 2019), exploring the views of GPs were included for analysis. Studies focused on the use of several different types of CCDTs (Risk Assessment Tools (RAT) or electronic version of RAT (eRAT), QCancer and the 7-point checklist). GPs agreed CCDTs were useful to increase awareness of signs and symptoms of undiagnosed cancer. They had concerns about the impact on trust in their own clinical acumen, whether secondary care clinicians would consider referrals generated by CCDT as valid and whether integration of the CCDTs within existing systems was achievable.ConclusionsCCDTs might be a helpful adjunct to clinical work in primary care, but without careful development to legitimise their use GPs are likely to give precedence to clinical acumen and gut instinct. Stakeholder consultation with secondary care clinicians and consideration of how the CCDTs fit into a GP consultation are crucial to successful uptake. The role and responsibilities of a GP as a clinician, gatekeeper, health promoter and resource manager affect the interaction with and implementation of innovations such as CCDTs.
Adversarially Learned Anomaly Detection on CMS open data: re-discovering the top quark
Authors: Knapp O. , Cerri O. , Dissertori G. , Nguyen T. Q. , Pierini M. , Vlimant J. R. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe apply an Adversarially Learned Anomaly Detection (ALAD) algorithm to the problem of detecting new physics processes in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. Anomaly detection based on ALAD matches performances reached by Variational Autoencoders, with a substantial improvement in some cases. Training the ALAD algorithm on 4.4 fb$$^{-1}$$-1of 8 TeV CMS Open Data, we show how a data-driven anomaly detection and characterization would work in real life, re-discovering the top quark by identifying the main features of the$$t \bar{t}$$tt¯experimental signature at the LHC.
A toolbox for $$q_{T}$$ and 0-jettiness subtractions at $$\hbox {N}^3\hbox {LO}$$
Authors: Billis Georgios , Ebert Markus A. , Michel Johannes K. L. , Tackmann Frank J. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractWe derive the leading-power singular terms at three loops for both $$q_T$$

q
T

and 0-jettiness, $$\mathcal {T}_0$$

T
0

, for generic color-singlet processes. Our results provide the complete set of differential subtraction terms for $$q_T$$

q
T

and $$\mathcal {T}_0$$

T
0

subtractions at $$\hbox {N}^3\hbox {LO}$$

N
3

LO

, which are an important ingredient for matching $$\hbox {N}^3\hbox {LO}$$

N
3

LO

calculations with parton showers. We obtain the full three-loop structure of the relevant beam and soft functions, which are necessary ingredients for the resummation of $$q_T$$

q
T

and $$\mathcal {T}_0$$

T
0

at $$\hbox {N}^3\hbox {LL}'$$

N
3

LL
′

and $$\hbox {N}^4\hbox {LL}$$

N
4

LL

order, and which constitute important building blocks in other contexts as well. The nonlogarithmic boundary coefficients of the beam functions, which contribute to the integrated subtraction terms, are not yet fully known at three loops. By exploiting consistency relations between different factorization limits, we derive results for the $$q_T$$

q
T

and $$\mathcal {T}_0$$

T
0

beam function coefficients at $$\hbox {N}^3\hbox {LO}$$

N
3

LO

in the $$z\rightarrow 1$$

z
→
1

threshold limit, and we also estimate the size of the unknown terms beyond threshold.
Medium effects of charged particles in Xe+Xe collisions at s NN = 5.44 TeV using modified Tsallis distribution
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Khandai P. K. , Saraswat Kapil , Singh V. 
Published: February 2021

We present a systematic study of transverse momentum [Formula: see text] spectra of charged particles in [Formula: see text] and Xe[Formula: see text]Xe collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV. The published data of invariant yields of charged particles as a function of [Formula: see text] is taken from ALICE at LHC in the mid-pseudorapidity region [Formula: see text]. The modified form of Tsallis distribution is used here to analyze the [Formula: see text] spectra of charged particles. The power law of Tsallis/Hagedorn form gives very good description of the charged particle spectra in [Formula: see text] collisions within a [Formula: see text] range of 0.15 GeV/[Formula: see text] to 50 GeV/[Formula: see text]. When we go from [Formula: see text] collisions to heavy-ion (Xe[Formula: see text]Xe) collisions, the original form of Tsallis/Hagedorn distribution is not able to describe the [Formula: see text] spectra of charged particles properly. This may be occurred due to the medium effects or the final state effects. Here we discuss two types of medium effects of charged particles in Xe[Formula: see text]Xe collisions, one is the transverse flow in the low to intermediate [Formula: see text] region ([Formula: see text] GeV/[Formula: see text]) and the other is the energy loss in the high [Formula: see text] region ([Formula: see text] GeV/[Formula: see text]), using the modified Tsallis distribution.
Stable isotopic and geochemical characterization of precipitation and riverine waters in the Eastern Carpathians and links with large-scale drivers
Authors: Bădăluţă Carmen Andreea , Mihăilă Dumitru , Mihăilă Doina , Bădăluţă Gheorghe , Bistricean Petruţ Ionel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Water, the vital element of the environment, considered for long time an inexhaustible and renewable resource, can have a limiting or favourable potential in the socioeconomic development of a region. Given that Romania's NE (Eastern Carpathians and the northwestern part of the Moldova Plateau) is undergoing increased competition for water resources, triggered by the intensification of agriculture and industrial development, better knowledge of the hydrological processes and the quality of surface water is required. The main purpose of the present study was to identify the hydrological processes determining the quality of surface waters based on analyses of the stable isotopic composition of water from precipitation, rivers and lakes and its quality parameters. For this, water samples were collected from 29 river sections, two lakes and a precipitation monitoring point over a period of 12 months (January to December 2019). The results show that the changes in the isotopic composition of precipitation and surface water are mainly controlled by air temperature, which, in turn, is influenced by the large-scale atmospheric circulation and other factors (e.g. precipitation amount, season, altitude). At the same time, the chemical analyses indicate that the water resources of the study area are predominantly characterized by a good chemical and ecological state, except for two sampling points with a moderate state and three with a poor ecological state.
GC-MS Characterization of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Antitrypanosomal Activity of Syzygium aromaticum Essential Oil and Eugenol
Authors: Teles Amanda Mara , Silva-Silva João Victor , Fernandes Juan Matheus Pereira , Abreu-Silva Ana Lucia , Calabrese Kátia da Silva , Mendes Filho Nestor Everton , Mouchrek Adenilde Nascimento , Almeida-Souza Fernando 
Published: February 2021

Syzygium aromaticum has a diversity of biological activities due to the chemical compounds found in its plant products such as total phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The present work describes the chemical analysis and antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antitrypanosomal activity of the essential oil of S. aromaticum. Eugenol (53.23%) as the major compound was verified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. S. aromaticum essential oil was more effective against S. aureus (MIC 50 μg/mL) than eugenol (MIC 250 μg/mL). Eugenol presented higher antioxidant activity than S. aromaticum essential oil, with an EC50 of 12.66 and 78.98 µg/mL, respectively. S. aromaticum essential oil and eugenol exhibited Trypanosoma cruzi inhibitory activity, with IC50 of 28.68 ± 1.073 and 31.97 ± 1.061 μg/mL against epimastigotes and IC50 of 64.51 ± 1.658 and 45.73 ± 1.252 μg/mL against intracellular amastigotes, respectively. Both compounds presented low cytotoxicity, with S. aromaticum essential oil displaying 15.5-fold greater selectivity for the parasite than the cells. Nitrite levels in T. cruzi-stimulated cells were reduced by essential oil (47.01%;

p

= 0.002) and eugenol (48.05%;

p

= 0.003) treatment. The trypanocidal activity of S. aromaticum essential oil showed that it is reasonable to use it in future research in the search for new therapeutic alternatives for trypanosomiasis.