bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ecological study of Sago Palm (Metroxylon sagu Rott ver molat (Becc.)) in the natural habitat at Malili District East Luwu South Sulawesi
Authors: Karim Hadijah A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Sago palm (Metroxylon sago), a tropical plant which mostly grows naturally and distributed in Eastern Part of Indonesia (including Wallacea Zone). However, currently the existing of sago palm is facing threats for food security in the future due to land conversion and life cycle of sago palm is a long term periode (10 – 15 years). The objective of this research were to: 1) Analyses of population structure of sago palm; 2) Regeneration potency of sago palm; and 3) describe habitat characteristic of sago palm. The research was conducted in April to August 2017 at Wewangriu Village Malili District. The circle plots (each 314 m2) were purpossively established in a lowland sago palm area based on growth phase of sago palm. The pole and tree diameter were measured at breast height (1.30 m) above the trunk, but sapling and seedling were only counted the number of individals. Moreover, environmental factors were measured directly at every center of plot. The result of research showed that population of sago palm in natural habitat was dominated by sapling with 226 individuals, then followed by seedling was 177 individuals. The regeneration potency of sago palm was categorized Fair based on relatif density and relatif frequency. Related to habitat characteristic or microclimate conditions, the temperature was hot and dry with ranged form 28.7°C to 29.5°C. Hydorology parameters such as water pH was about 6.0 to 7.9. Especially soil propeties was dominated by silty clay and clay with slightly acid condition (soil pH 6.2 and 6.3). Maintaining the existence of sago palm, it is necessary to protect and preserve it in the natural habitat.
Identification of drought level using Normalized Difference Latent Heat Index in the South Coast of South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Nursaputra Munajat , Putra Pahar Septian Perdana , A Chairil 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
One of the impacts of climate change is drought. Drought is a hydrological problem that affects survival on earth significantly. This study aims to identify drought through the approach of one of the indices related to water, namely Normalized Difference Latent Heat (NDLI). NDLI values were obtained through a multispectral Landsat 8 OLI calculation process, namely band 3 (green), band 4 (red), and band 6 (SWIR). Each band interprets variables related to heat and water content. The coverage area of research is in the south coast of South Sulawesi Province which includes Makassar City, Gowa Regency, Takalar Regency, Jeneponto Regency, Bantaeng Regency, and Bulukumba Regency. The regency on the south coast of South Sulawesi Province is the region with the highest level of human activity starting from agricultural activities, ponds, industry and many other activities. NDLI values range from +1 to -1, where positive values indicate areas with good water content with latent heat and poor water content. In the south coast of South Sulawesi Province, NDLI values ranged from 0.05 to -0.71. Based Drought classification level, the level of drought on the south coast of South Sulawesi Province is near normal, moderately dry, and severely dry.
Study of climate and land use change as considerations for sustainable agricultural land in the Saddang watershed
Authors: Rijal S , Nursaputra M , Aqwan C , Ardiansah T 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Saddang Watershed is one of the watersheds in South Sulawesi, which supplies water for agricultural land. However, the current challenge is climate change and land-use change that affect the sustainability of agricultural land. As a response, land analysis in the Saddang watershed needed starting with climate change analysis with rainfall projected in 2040, continued by land-use change analysis, land condition based on erosion rates, and sustainable agricultural land analysis directions. Rainfall projection using CSIRO general circulation model (GCM) CSIRO Mk3-6-0 climate model. Landuse change analysis using remote sensing methods with Landsat Imagery in 2000 and 2020. Landuse calculated as land condition based on erosion rate with USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) methods. Land conditions are a necessary consideration to formulate directions for sustainable agricultural land. The results of the rainfall projection in 2040 showed an increase in rainfall. It has an impact on land conditions. The rainfall increase occurs during the rainy season (October to January), while the rainfall decrease occurs during the dry season (July to September). Climate change was changed farmers’ cropping patterns, which usually started in October. As a response, it is necessary to increase the farmers’ adaptation by selecting plant types and mitigation activities by making reservoirs a source of water and preparing to enter the dry season. Land-use change showed a significant increase in agricultural lands, such as rice fields, agricultural and plantation land. The increase of agricultural land was converted from dry land to mixed agricultural brushwood. Most of the land conditions from dry land agricultural and dryland agricultural mixed brushwood have a high erosion level. High erosion level caused by slope conditions (rather steep, steep and very steep) and high rainfall also affects. Preserving agricultural land can be carried out through vegetative techniques. Vegetative techniques are helpful in reduced erosion levels because they didn’t require a large amount of money. Vegetative techniques applied in the Saddang watershed are agroforestry, alley cropping, and strip planting along the contour.
Effect of cooking and freezing time on physical properties of instant germinated red rice
Authors: Rahman A N F , Al-Wahab R R , Suwandi N 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Red rice is more nutritious rice than white rice due to the content of low glycemic index and high fiber, which can help to reduce blood LDL concentrations. In addition, germinated red rice more nutritious than non-germinated rice because it contains more fiber, essential amino acids, vitamins, and antioxidants. However, this rice has a hard texture, so it requires a long cooking time. Instantization process of rice is one technique to accelerate the cooking process. Instant rice, or called quick-cooking rice, is processed rice that has been cooked and dried so that it can be stored for a long time but can be served at a faster time. The purpose of this research was to analyze the effect of cooking and freezing time on the physical properties of instant germinated red rice. The method used in this research divided into two stages: first, determining the best condition to make instant germinated red rice. The second was to analyze the physical properties of instant germinated red rice. Statistical analysis of this study used a complete randomized design method with two replications. The result showed that 10 minutes of cooking time and 48 hours freezing time was the best treatment based on a physical test of instant germinated red rice.
Composition and nutritional content of Honey Trigona sp in the Tikep forest management unit (KPH) North Moluccas
Authors: Nurdin A S , Saelan E , Nurdin I N , Dustan  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
One of the non-timber forest products among them is honey bees which have high economic value. Honey is flower nectar that is absorbed by a honey bee into a honey bag inside its body. The flower nectar that has been sucked is processed in the bee body with a mixture of certain enzymes and then released back to the honey storage area in the beehive. This enzyme is the most important element in honey, which functions as a continuation of biological, chemical reactions and the metabolic system in the body. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition and nutrient content of Trigona sp. honey located in the Tikep forest management unit (KPH). The sampling method used in this study is using purposive sampling. Analysis of the sample through a proximate test included analysis of water content, ash content, fat content, protein content, and carbohydrates. Based on the results of the study, the water content in both samples was very high. The test results showed that in forest honey (37.22%) and cultivated honey (35.18%), these values exceeded the categories stipulated by Indonesian National Standard (SNI) No. 01-3545-2004 maximum 22%. The results of the ash content analysis in both samples ranged from 0.79 to 1.12%. According to SNI, the maximum ash content in honey is 0.5%, which means that the sample of forest and cultivation honey has exceeded the maximum SNI limit. The analysis showed the highest levels of protein and fat in forest honey with a value of 1.72% and 10.76%. Unlike the carbohydrate content, the cultivation honey sample is greater than forest honey, with a value of 23.26%.
Sustainable shallot production achievement through analyzing the land suitability and introducing the proper agronomic cultivation practices in samosir regency
Authors: Napitupulu Delima , Nurzannah Sri Endah , Siagian Deddy Romulo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Samosir Regency is one of the highest regencies of shallot producers in North Sumatera Province. Approximately 255 ha of its harvested area produces 1,976.8 tons or contributes 12.1% for provincial level. The increase of consumption and industrial demand push the regency government to raise shallot production. On the other side, the two critical information about land suitability and the agronomic cultivation practices for shallot were limited. Thus, this study was arranged to enhance sustainable shallot production through analyzing the land suitability and introducing the proper agronomic cultivation practices. The field survey and soil analysis were conducted to support the Geographical Information System (GIS) and Evaluation System of Land Suitability tools. The results show that about 47,789 ha (38.65%) of Samosir Regency is suitable for shallot grouped in S3 level (Low Suitable); with some limiting factors such as nutrient retention and nutrient retention availability, and erosion hazard. While about 75,839 ha (61.35%) of the rest area was grouped in N level (Not Suitable) means grouped as an unproductive area for shallot growth with some limiting factors such as root crop and erosion hazard. Some strategic actions to improve land quality are giving organic and chemical fertilizer, applying agricultural lime to stabilize soil pH, increasing Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), and implementing conservation techniques on the steep area by building terrace. Also, information about the agronomic cultivation practices for shallot is explained to strengthen the strategy for sustainable shallot production achievement in Samosir Regency.
Predicting the impact of land-use changes on soil erosion rates in the three small sub-catchments of Larona Catchment
Authors: Achmad M , Samsuar  , Lanuru M , Mubarak H 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
This study aims to predict the amount of soil erosion in the three sub-catchments of Larona Catchment, which are Larona, Balambano, and Karebbe sub-catchments. The USLE method is used to predict soil erosion rates in 2009 and 2015 by using rainfall data of 13 rainfall stations, soil maps, DEM data for generating LS factors, Landsat 8 Imageries, and land use maps create CP factors. Four thematic maps (R, K, LS, and CP) were overlaid and clustered using ArcGIS 10.4. The results show that soil erosion rates in the period of 6 years have changed in the three sub-catchments. The erosion rate in Larona and Karebbe sub-catchment slightly increased from 43,092 tons to 50,982 and 155,005 tons to 224,757 tons, respectively, from 2009 to 2015. In the Balambano sub-catchment, the value of erosion rate increased dramatically during the period. Total erosion this sub-catchment in 2015 became 5 to 7 times of the total erosion in 2009. The change of land use caused the increased sediment yields in the three cascade-reservoirs in Larona Catchment and land cover, mostly the result of increasing agricultural activities and not due to mining development.
Correlation of distribution of oil palm (Elaeis guinensis Jacq) through image drone with the potential of CO2 uptake at PT. Unggul Widya Teknologi Lestari Pasangkayu Regency, West Sulawesi
Authors: Randa G , Asrul L , Rafiuddin  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The potential for CO2 uptake in oil palm which is supported by the presence of solar radiation reception space can support the photosynthesis process to take place properly. This study aims to show the correlation between the results of identifying the distribution of oil palm through aerial photographs, namely drones, and the potential for CO2 uptake. The potential for CO2 uptake in oil palms for five samples of planting years is viewed from the aspect of canopy projection space density, cropping patterns, and spacing which is clarified by the allometric multiplied results of the potential CO2-eq uptake. In general, the five samples of oil palm planting years apply a triangular cropping pattern with a spacing of 9 m × 9 m. The canopy projection for the 2017 planting year, shows that oil palm plants are still at a distance from one another because the canopy is still short, in the 2011 planting year shows the canopy projection that has touched each other but there is still room for receiving solar radiation that can occur evenly so that between the two planting years Oil palms in the planting years 2005, 2003, and 1997 showed a mutually contrasting canopy projection between the oil palms so that even though the space for receiving solar radiation is small. The potential for CO2 uptake was greater because apart from being obtained from the atmosphere, it can also be obtained from understorey plants and organs decomposed plants. It concluded that the higher the density of the distribution of palm oil makes large the potential uptake of CO2 emissions. It is hoped that the identification of the potential for CO2 absorption in oil palm can use a multi-spectral drone as an aerial photo facility.
Arabica coffee land suitability with a parametric approach based on square root
Authors: Juita N , Ridwan I , Jannah R , Parahyanti A A M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Arabica coffee is one of the most popular drinks by people in various countries. Coffee production is able to become a source of state income, especially Arabica coffee which has good export competitiveness. Therefore, an assessment of the suitability of land, especially Arabica coffee, needs to be carried out to estimate the extent to which land in Bantaeng Regency is suitable for Arabica coffee plants. The method used in this land suitability assessment is square root. Determination of the research location point is based on land use, especially coffee plants. The results showed that the land suitability class at all profile observation points was N1 (not suitable at this time) with the factors of soil depth, soil pH, calcium carbonate and salinity. The limiting factor for soil depth is difficult to repair, while the soil pH which is so high due to the presence of calcium carbonate which is also high enough for Arabica coffee can be repaired by providing sulfur. Salinity improvement efforts can be made by reclamation.
The potential of sago as a local food ingredient to support the food security in South Konawe
Authors: Yusuf D N , Asniah  , Sutariati G A K , Muhidin  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Southeast Sulawesi is one of Indonesia’s regions with several specific plants, including the sago plant. Sago is a portion of typical food for people in Southeast Sulawesi, especially in mainland areas such as Konawe, South Konawe, North Konawe, Kolaka, and East Kolaka. In Southeast Sulawesi, the sago plantation area has decreased sharply from the original site of 13,706 hectares to around 5,912 hectares. The depreciation of the sago planting area is thought to have been caused by converting land use from sago to rice fields, settlements, and other benefits. Although sago has many uses and advantages and can support food security, it faces severe problems in its cultivation due to narrowing the sago planting area and decreasing its production potential. This study aimed to identify the distribution of the potential regions for sago growth in the South Konawe Regency through spatial analysis techniques for land cover using Landsat-8 satellite imagery. From the results of spatial analysis, it was found that there was a potential sago plantation area to be developed in South Konawe Regency, which reached 5,873 ha. The largest site of sago was in North Moramo, Benua, Anggata, and Andolo Barat Districts. This area was the main center for sago processing in Konawe Selatan Regency.
Application of the combination of Calontropis gigantea L. and Crescentia cujete L. against Schirpophaga innotata and Leptocorisa acuta Thunb. and predator in paddy plants
Authors: Palayukan P A , Sjam S , Melina  , Sulaeha  , Rosmana A , Dewi V S , Budirman  
Published: July 2021

Abstract

C. gigantea L. and C. cujete L. are plants that contain secondary metabolites that can act as insecticides. This study aimed to evaluate the implications of C. gigantea and C. cujete to reduce the population and intensity of attack by stem borer (S. innotata) and stink bug (L. acuta) which are the main pests of paddy plants. This study consisted of 4 treatments consisting of a mixture of C. gigantea and C. cujete extracts, C. gigantea extracts, C. cujete extracts, and control with 5 replications. The extract made by fermentation ant the extract was applied at the age of 1 month after planting with a concentration of 5% for 8 times with a frequency of 1 time a week. Observation parameters were population and attack intensity of S. innotata and L. acuta as well as natural enemy population. The results obtained were that the treatment of all extracts could reduce the population and intensity of attacks compared to the control. Treatment of the mixture of C. gigantea and C. cujete extracts can reduce the population and the intensity of attacks is higher than without the mixture. Predator is not affected by extract applications.
Molecular detection of tungro virus on mekongga and inpari 4 rice varieties in West Papua
Authors: Hamdayanty H , Ladja F T , Mansur  
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Tungro disease is one of the important diseases in rice plants. One of the efforts to reduce the spread of tungro virus is to ensure the presence of the virus in the field. This is the first step to prevent the spread and control of tungro disease, especially in West Papua. One detection technique that can be done is molecular detection through PCR techniques. Rice samples detected were Mekongga and Inpari varieties taken from rice plants in West Papua. Total DNA of RTBV, one of the viruses that cause tungro disease, was extracted and amplified using DAF primers (5-GGAATTCCGGCCCTCAaA AACCTAGAAG-3) and DAR (5-GGGGGTACCCCCCTC CGATTTCCCATGTATG-3). The PCR RTBV results showed that the positive samples were infected with Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV). This is indicated by amplification of DNA measuring ± 1400 bp which is the target size of the DAF and DAR primers. The results of this study are preliminary information that can be used as a basis for tungro control and recommendations for future cropping.
The response of different fungicides against Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae causing dieback disease of cocoa through in vitro test
Authors: Musdalifa  , Asman A , Rosmana A 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cocoa dieback, caused by Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, one of the significant cocoa diseases, which is a new disease in South Sulawesi and it is considered to be one of the important diseases in the field. Fungicides are one of the main methods to manage the disease on cocoa in South Sulawesi. However, the appropriate fungicides remain unexplored. Also, there are no data available and registered on the efficacy of fungicides on Lasiodiplodia cocoa dieback. Five different fungicides were used with three different concentrations namely fipronil + thiophanate-methyl + pyraclostrobin (0.5; 5.0; 50) ml/liter, sulphur (0.2; 2.0; 20) gr/liter, carbendazim + hexaconazole (0.04; 0.4; 4.0) gr/liter, carbendazim (0.1; 1.0; 10) ml/liter, and difenoconazole + azoxystrobin (0.1; 1.0; 10)) ml/liter. The results showed that the effectiveness of fungicides inhibit mycelial growth of L. pseudotheobromae was varied on each active ingredient. Fipronil + thiophanate-methyl + pyraclostrobin, carbendazim + hexaconazole and carbendazim showed excellent performances, followed by sulfur and difenoconazole + azoxystrobin. Higher concentration indicated excellent inhibition, followed by recommendation concentration and lower concentration. Fungicides can potentially be an option for dieback disease control in cocoa production areas that are at high risk of cocoa dieback disease.
The population of Solenopsis sp. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in four condition of rice Held embankment
Authors: Abdullah T , Gassa A , Aminah S N , Annisaa N W 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Fire red ants (Solenopsis sp.) as the predators often found in rice fields. Although many farmers not yet know well this potential insects, in Philippines, this adaptive predator has been used to control golden apple snail with satisfying results. In a period of two days, predatory ants able destroyed 50% the eggs of golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata attached to the leaves of rice plants. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of characteristic differences vegetation of rice field bund to the diversity of ants in the habitat. Research data collection was conducted in Manggala district, Makassar. Identification and observation of ants species was held at the Pest Laboratory, Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. The research was held from March to May 2018. The results was showed that the bund contain banana tree vegetation had the highest Solenopsis sp. population with 288 individuals. The lowest on the embankment with broad leaf vegetation only 29 individuals. The highest number of individual ants was found in Solenopsis sp. with 353 individuals, then the lowest is Tetramorium sp. with 2 individuals. The difference conditions of vegetation bund showed greatly affects in the number of ants due to differences in the conditions needs of each ant species for their suitable habitat.
In vitro test for inhibition of betel (Piper betle L.) and tembelekan (Lantana camara) extracts to anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum acutatum) in cayenne chili (Capsicum frutescens)
Authors: Khalifah U , Amin N , Junaid M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The continuous and excessive use of fungicides will disrupt the balance of the environment and is directly harmful to the health of consumers. The use of plants as botanical pesticides is an ecologically safe control method that has begun to be developed. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of betel and tembelekan extracts and the effect of the concentrations used in suppressing the growth of Colletotrichum acutatum fungi. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method, then the extract was concentrated using a rotary vaccum evaporator at a temperature of 40°C repeatedly until a concentrated solution was obtained. In the test of using treatments with several concentrations, that is K0:0%, K1:0.5%, K2:2%, K3:3.5% and K4:5%. Tests were carried out by growing C. acutatum mycelium on PDA media that had been mixed with plant extract solutions according to the treatment concentration. Colletotrichum acutatum mycelium was taken by cutting the PDA which was overgrown with a pure culture of C. acutatum with a media cutter using a cork borer. The results showed that the higher the concentration of the extract given would reduce the colony diameter of Colletotrichum acutatum and increase the percentage of inhibition. Betel extract at a concentration of 5% had the highest average percentage of inhibition compared to the tembelekan extract, namely 72.45%.