bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Significance of NLR About NETosis and Lymphocytes Perturbations in Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma With Tumor Thrombus
Authors: Shang Bingqing , Guo Liping , Shen Rongfang , Cao Chuanzhen , Xie Ruiyang , Jiang Weixing , Wen Li , Bi Xingang , Shi Hongzhe , Zheng Shan , Li Changling , Ma Jianhui , Zhang Kaitai , Feng Lin , Shou Jianzhong 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundNon-metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with tumor thrombus showed a greater tendency for developing metastases after surgery. Early identification of patients with high risk of poor prognosis is especially important to explore adjuvant treatment of improving outcomes. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was a systemic inflammation marker and outcome predictor in RCC, reflecting the chaos in systemic immune status in cancer as myeloid cell expansion and lymphatic cell suppression. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) formation (NETosis) is the process of neutrophils generating an extracellular DNA net-like structure. NETosis in tumor was demonstrated to conduce to the subsequent metastases of tumor. However, the role of NLR for systemic immune status and tumor local immune infiltration, especially for neutrophil-associated NETs, in non-metastatic RCC with thrombus remains unclear.Patients and MethodsIn our clinical cohort, we enrolled the clinical, pathologic, and preoperative laboratory parameters of 214 RCC patients with tumor thrombus who were treated surgically. The clinical endpoint was defined as cancer-specific survival (CSS). In our basic research cohort, RNA-seq, TCR-seq, and scRNA-seq data were analyzed. Patients who reached the endpoint as recurrence-free survival (RFS) were defined as the “High-risk” group. Otherwise, they were separated into the “Low-risk” group.ResultsIn the clinical cohort, NLR≥4 was an independent risk factor for 203 localized RCC with tumor thrombus. In the basic research cohort, tumor thrombi were separated into NETosis-thrombi belonging to the “High-risk” group and non-NETosis-thrombi to the “Low-risk” group. NETs induced by tumor-derived G-CSF in tumor thrombus has a mechanistic role in unfavorable prognosis. Besides, NETs-score from single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) algorithm was an independent prognostic factor validated in the TCGA data. Apart from the neutrophils-associated NETosis, systemic immune perturbations of lymphocytes occurred in the “High-risk” group, represented with decreased TCR diversity and increasingly high proportion of CD4-positive effector memory T (Tem) cells, which indirectly represented the state of lymphopenia.ConclusionsOur findings firstly demonstrated that neutrophils-associated NETosis and systemic lymphocytes perturbations were considered as tumor progression in patients of localized RCC with tumor thrombus, which reflected NLR≥4 as an independent risk factor for patients.
A Clinical–Radiomics Model for Predicting Axillary Pathologic Complete Response in Breast Cancer With Axillary Lymph Node Metastases
Authors: Gan Liangyu , Ma Mingming , Liu Yinhua , Liu Qian , Xin Ling , Cheng Yuanjia , Xu Ling , Qin Naishan , Jiang Yuan , Zhang Xiaodong , Wang Xiaoying , Ye Jingming 
Published: December 2021

PurposeTo develop a clinical–radiomics model based on radiomics features extracted from MRI and clinicopathologic factors for predicting the axillary pathologic complete response (apCR) in breast cancer (BC) patients with axillary lymph node (ALN) metastases.Materials and MethodsThe MR images and clinicopathologic data of 248 eligible invasive BC patients at the Peking University First Hospital from January 2013 to December 2020 were included in this study. All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), and the presence of ALN metastases was confirmed through cytology pre-NAC. The data from January 2013 to December 2018 were randomly divided into the training and validation sets in a ratio of 7:3, and the data from January 2019 to December 2020 served as the independent testing set. The following three types of prediction models were investigated in this study. 1) A clinical model: the model was built by independently predicting clinicopathologic factors through logistic regression. 2) Radiomics models: we used an automatic segmentation model based on deep learning to segment the axillary areas, visible ALNs, and breast tumors on post-NAC dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Radiomics features were then extracted from the region of interest (ROI). Radiomics models were built based on different ROIs or their combination. 3) A clinical–radiomics model: it was built by integrating radiomics signature and independent predictive clinical factors by logistic regression. All models were assessed using a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and by calculating the area under the curve (AUC).ResultsThe clinical model yielded AUC values of 0.759, 0.787, and 0.771 in the training, validation, and testing sets, respectively. The radiomics model based on the combination of MRI features of breast tumors and visible ALNs yielded the best AUC values of 0.894, 0.811, and 0.806 in the training, validation, and testing sets, respectively. The clinical–radiomics model yielded AUC values of 0.924, 0.851, and 0.878 in the training, validation, and testing sets, respectively, for predicting apCR.ConclusionWe developed a clinical–radiomics model by integrating radiomics signature and clinical factors to predict apCR in BC patients with ALN metastases post-NAC. It may help the clinicians to screen out apCR patients to avoid lymph node dissection.
First-Line ICI Monotherapies for Advanced Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Patients With PD-L1 of at Least 50%: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Liu Qiao , Zhou Zhen , Luo Xia , Yi Lidan , Peng Liubao , Wan Xiaomin , Tan Chongqing , Zeng Xiaohui 
Published: December 2021

Objective:Three immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), pembrolizumab, atezolizumab and cemiplimab, have been successively approved as first-line treatments for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) expression of at least 50%. This study was designed to compare the cost-effectiveness of these three novel therapies in this patient population.Material and Methods:Using Markov model and network meta-analysis, we conducted separate cost-effectiveness analyses for cemiplimab, pembrolizumab and atezolizumab among advanced NSCLC patients with PD-L1 of at least 50% from the United States health care sector perspective. Health states included progression-free survival, progressive disease, end-stage disease, and death. Clinical efficacy and safety data were derived from phase III clinical trials and health state utilities and costs data were collected from published resources. Two scenario analyses were conducted to assess the impact of varying subsequent anticancer therapies on the cost-effectiveness of these 3 ICIs and cost-effectiveness of pembrolizumab combined with chemotherapy versus these 3 first-line ICI monotherapies.Results:In base case analysis, cemiplimab compared with pembrolizumab was associated with a gain of 0.44 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and an increased cost of $23,084, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $52,998/QALY; cemiplimab compared with atezolizumab was associated with a gain of 0.13 QALYs and a decreased cost of $104,642, resulting in its dominance of atezolizumab. The first scenario analysis yielded similar results as our base case analysis. The second scenario analysis founded the ICERs for pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy were $393,359/QALY, $190,994/QALY and $33,230/QALY, respectively, compared with cemiplimab, pembrolizumab and atezolizumab.Conclusion:For advanced NSCLC patients with PD-L1 of at least 50%, cemiplimab was a cost-effective option compared with pembrolizumab and a dominant alternative against atezolizumab. Our scenario analysis results supported the cemiplimab plus chemotherapy as a second-line therapy and suggested an extended QALY but overwhelming cost linking to pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy.
Hypercarotenemia in Anorexia Nervosa Patients May Influence Weight Balance: Results of a Clinical Cross-Sectional Cohort Study
Authors: Lackner Sonja , Meier-Allard Nathalie , Mörkl Sabrina , Müller Wolfram , Fürhapter-Rieger Alfred , Mangge Harald , Zelzer Sieglinde , Holasek Sandra 
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) can co-occur with hypercarotenemia, a clinical condition characterized by elevated β-carotene in plasma and skin tissue. Carotenoids have known anti-obesogenic effects in adipocyte biology. Thus, carotenoids may potentially play a retarding role in weight gain during the recovery of AN patients. This study evaluated the plasma carotenoid profile and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in a cohort of AN patients and normal weight (NW) controls.Methods: Plasma concentrations of α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lycopene were determined by HPLC analysis. SAT thicknesses were measured by a highly accurate and reliable ultrasound technique. Information on dietary intakes were collected by repeated 24-h recalls.Results: Sixty-two females (AN: n = 18, NW: n = 44) were included. The concentrations of β-cryptoxanthin (p = 0.045) and lycopene (p = 0.004) were significantly lower in AN patients. β-carotene levels were higher in AN patients (n.s.) and α-carotene did not differ significantly. SAT thickness was significantly lower in AN patients compared to controls (p &lt; 0.001). β-carotene was significantly negative (rs = −0.471) and lycopene significantly positive (rs = 0.366) correlated with SAT. The correlation of β-carotene and SAT was even higher in the AN group alone (rs = −0.742). Also, β- cryptoxanthin and the sum of provitamin A carotenoids were correlated to SAT (rs = −0.647 and rs = −0.746, respectively) in AN patients. Fruits and vegetable intake did not differ significantly between AN and NW but adjusted for SAT, AN patients consumed relatively higher amounts (p = 0.006).Conclusion: Higher plasma β-carotene concentrations were associated with reduced SAT levels, most probably due to a reduced ability of the remaining adipose tissue to store carotenoids. Thus, the antiobesity effects of carotenoids might impact the treatment success of undernutrition and AN. A systemic carotenoid overload may contribute to changes in adipogenesis and metabolic capacities for energy storage. Therefore, high plasma β-carotene may be a marker of delay in weight recovery in AN patients. Interventional studies should consider including carotenoid-status in AN treatment.
Neuroplasticity at Home: Improving Home-Based Motor Learning Through Technological Solutions. A Review
Authors: Forman Christian Riis , Nielsen Jens Bo , Lorentzen Jakob 
Published: December 2021

Background: Effective science-based motor rehabilitation requires high volume of individualized, intense physical training, which can be difficult to achieve exclusively through physical 1-on-1 sessions with a therapist. Home-based training, enhanced by technological solutions, could be a tool to help facilitate the important factors for neuroplastic motor improvements.Objectives: This review aimed to discover how the inclusion of modern information and communications technology in home-based training programs can promote key neuroplastic factors associated with motor learning in neurological disabilities and identify which challenges are still needed to overcome.Methods: We conducted a thorough literature search on technological home-based training solutions and categorized the different fundamental approaches that were used. We then analyzed how these approaches can be used to promote certain key factors of neuroplasticity and which challenges still need to be solved or require external personalized input from a therapist.Conclusions: The technological approaches to home-based training were divided into three categories: sensory stimuli training, digital exchange of information training, and telerehabilitation. Generally, some technologies could be characterized as easily applicable, which gave the opportunity to promote flexible scheduling and a larger overall training volume, but limited options for individualized variation and progression. Other technologies included individualization options through personalized feedback that might increase the training effect, but also increases the workload of the therapist. Further development of easily applicable and intelligent solutions, which can return precise feedback and individualized training suggestions, is needed to fully realize the potential of home-based training in motor learning activities.
Towards Real-Time In-Situ Mid-Infrared Spectroscopic Ellipsometry in Polymer Processing
Authors: Ebner Alexander , Zimmerleiter Robert , Hingerl Kurt , Brandstetter Markus 
Published: December 2021

Recent developments in mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopic ellipsometry enabled by quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) have resulted in a drastic improvement in signal-to-noise ratio compared to conventional thermal emitter based instrumentation. Thus, it was possible to reduce the acquisition time for high-resolution broadband ellipsometric spectra from multiple hours to less than 1 s. This opens up new possibilities for real-time in-situ ellipsometry in polymer processing. To highlight these evolving capabilities, we demonstrate the benefits of a QCL based MIR ellipsometer by investigating single and multilayered polymer films. The molecular structure and reorientation of a 2.5 µm thin biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate film is monitored during a stretching process lasting 24.5 s to illustrate the perspective of ellipsometric measurements in dynamic processes. In addition, a polyethylene/ethylene vinyl alcohol/polyethylene multilayer film is investigated at a continuously varying angle of incidence (0∘– 50∘) in 17.2 s, highlighting an unprecedented sample throughput for the technique of varying angle spectroscopic ellipsometry in the MIR spectral range. The obtained results underline the superior spectral and temporal resolution of QCL ellipsometry and qualify this technique as a suitable method for advanced in-situ monitoring in polymer processing.
IDENTIFIKASI HABITAT ANGGREK TIEN SOEHARTO (CYMBIDIUM HARTINAHIANUM JB COMBER & NASUTION) DI GUNUNG SIBUATAN SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Prakasa Hary , Syafitri Feby Indriani , Pulungan Ibnu Arief Habibie , Tinendung Desi Sakinah , Ritonga Yusran Efendi 
Published: December 2021

Cymbidium hartinahianum atau anggrek Hartinah adalah salah satu tumbuhan endemik di Pulau Sumatera bagian utara (Provinsi Aceh dan Sumatera Utara). Selain endemik anggrek ini termasuk anggrek yang di lindungi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui habitat dari C. hartinahianum. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif. Data yang dgunakan adalah data koordinat, data yang diperoleh selanjutnya akan di masukkan kedalam MS. EXCEL. Data tersebut di konversi menjadi data decimal kemudian di kombinasikan atau di gabungkan dengan data habitat elevasi, curah hujan, kemiringan lereng, tutupan lahan, jenis tanah dan lahan kritis menggunakan software ArcGIS Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi habitat menggunakan pendekatan Sistem Informasi Geografis di peroleh Habitat Anggrek Tien Soeharto (C. hartinahianum) secara umum ada jenis tanah Ao104-2/3c (Orthic acrisol), Curah Hujan menempati 1500-2000 mm/tahun, kedalam tipe tutupan lahan hutan lahan kering sekunder, Kemiringan lereng 60, Tipe lahan kritis, elevasi 2092-2600 m dpl.
Assessment of Measurement of Salivary Urea by ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy to Screen for CKD
Authors: Lin Tzu-Ling , Evans Rhys D.R. , Unwin Robert J. , Norman Jill T. , Rich Peter R. 
Published: December 2021

Key Points

Salivary urea can be quantitated rapidly and accurately by infrared spectroscopy in the range relevant to that found in patients with CKD.The measured urea concentrations allowed discrimination of patients with stages 3, 4, or 5 CKD from each other and from healthy controls.This provides a proof of concept that the technique could be developed as a novel, sensitive, and cost-effective screening method for CKD.

Stages of CKD are currently defined by eGFR and require measurement of serum creatinine concentrations. Previous studies have shown a good correlation between salivary and serum urea levels and the stage of CKD. However, quantitative salivary urea assays in current clinical use require costly and labor-intensive commercial kits, which restricts the advantage of using saliva and limits wider applicability as a quick and easy means of assessing renal function. Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy has been shown to provide a potentially straightforward, reagent-free method for the identification of a range of disease-related biomarkers and is in current clinical use for analyses of the chemical composition of kidney stones. We assessed the feasibility of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as an alternative method to measure salivary urea in patients with different stages of CKD. The ATR-FTIR spectra of dried saliva samples from six healthy controls and 20 patients with CKD (stages 1–5) were analyzed to provide their urea concentrations. The lower limit of detection of salivary urea by the ATR-FTIR spectroscopy method was 1–2 mM, at the lower end of the clinically relevant range. Statistically significant differences in salivary urea concentrations were demonstrated between healthy subjects (4.1±0.5 mM) and patients with CKD stages 3–5 (CKD stage 3, 6.8±0.7 mM; CKD stage 4, 9.1±1 mM; CKD stage 5, 14.8±1.6 mM). These salivary urea concentrations correlated well with serum urea levels in the same patients measured by an automated analyzer (Spearman rank correlation coefficient of 0.71; P<0.001). The ability of the method to detect and stage CKD was assessed from the sensitivity and specificity parameters of a receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that quantitation of salivary urea by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy could provide a viable tool for rapid and cost-effective diagnosis of stages 3–5 CKD.
UNIFICATION OF DATA FORMATS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ANALYTICAL COMPONENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE FIELD OF COMMUNICATIONS AND BROADCASTING
Authors: ДЕВЯТКИН Е.Е. , ИВАНКОВИЧ М.В. , КУПИН М.Н. 
Published: December 2021

Представлены результаты исследовательской работы по унификации форматов данных,которые требуются при реализации аналитической составляющей в структуре информационных систем, предназначенных для решения экспертно-прогностических задач в сфере связи и вещания. По результатам анализа существующих в отрасли основных автоматизированных систем, их функциональных возможностей обоснована необходимость введения в действующие и перспективные системы аналитической составляющей и унификации форматов данных как непременного условия их взаимодействия. Рассматривается набор унифицированных форматов данных, разработанный для перспективного макета аналитической системы развития связи и вещания.
The results of research work on unifying the data formats that are required for the implementation of the analytical component in the structure of information systems intended for the solution of expert predictive problems in the sphere of communications and broadcasting are presented. Based on the results of the analysis of the main automated systems and their functional capabilities the necessity of introducing an analytical component into existing and future systems as well as unifying data formats as an indispensable condition for their interaction is substantiated. A set of unified data formats developed for a promising layout of an analytical system for the development of communications and broadcasting is considered.
OPTIMAL SOLUTION OF LINEAR EQUATION SYSTEM FOR RADIO SYSTEMS WITH MULTIPOLARIZATION MULTIPLEXING
Authors: РЕДЬКОВИЧ В.С. , ПУСТОВОЙТОВ Е.Л. 
Published: December 2021

Приводятся результаты исследования возможности увеличения эффективности использования радиочастотного спектра более чем в два раза за счет использования нескольких (N>2)радиосигналов с неортогональными поляризациями,передаваемых на общей несущей частоте. Предложены метод выявления такой возможности для заданной комбинации поляризаций радиосигналов, а также структурная схема и процедура определения параметров устройства поляризационного разделения радиосигналов на приемной стороне. Выполнен детальный анализ определения оптимальных коэффициентов элементов системы поляризационного разделения на приемной стороне четырех радиосигналов с учетом иррациональности коэффициентов анализируемой системы линейных уравнений.
The results of the study of the possibility of increasing the efficiency of using the radio frequency spectrum by more than twice due to several (N>2) non-orthogonal polarizations of carrier radio signals are presented. The method to determine such possibility for any given set of polarizations, as well as a block diagram and a procedure for determining the parameters of a device for polarization separation of radio signals on the receiving side are proposed. The detailed analysis of the determination of optimal coefficients of elements of polarization separation system on receiving side of four radio signals is performed taking into account the irrationality of coefficients of analyzed linear equation system.
Analisis Penerimaan Pajak Daerah dan Retribusi Daerah Terhadap Pendapatan Asli Daerah di Kota Batam
Authors: Nurhajizah Yuni Fivta , Tipa Handra 
Published: December 2021

Pajak dan retribusi daerah adalah sumber pendapatan asli daerah. Semakin besar realisasi penerimaan pajak daerah, semakin besar juga realisasi pendapatan asli daerah. Jika realisasi penerimaan sumber pendapatan asli daerah efektif sesuai dengan target yang ditetapkan pemerintah daerah, maka daerah pasti memiliki biaya yang memadai untuk membayar belanja daerah dan kemandirian kesejahteraan rakyat juga akan meningkat. Namun, realisasi penerimaan pajak dan retribusi daerah belum optimal. Hal ini karena menurunnya tingkat kepatuhan dan kesadaran masyarakat dalam membayar pajak dan retribusi daerah sehingga tingkat penerimaan pendapatan asli daerah pendapatan belum meningkat dan kurang efektif upaya untuk lebih optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pajak daerah dan retribusi daerah terhadap pendapatan asli daerah di Kota Batam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa realisasi penerimaan pajak daerah berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan asli daerah, dan realisasi penerimaan retribusi daerah berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan daerah. Pajak daerah dan retribusi daerah secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan asli daerah di Kota Batam.
A morte no supermercado e o mercado de realidades nas telas: telejornalismo, racismo e direitos humanos no caso João de Freitas
Authors: De Jesus Jemima Bispo , Mata Jhonatan Alves Pereira 
Published: December 2021

No dia 19 de novembro de 2020, às vésperas das comemorações do Dia da Consciência Negra no Brasil, João Alberto Freitas foi agredido e morto nas dependências do supermercado Carrefour, em Porto Alegre (RS). A morte de um brasileiro negro gerou uma onda de protestos nas ruas de todo o mundo, ganhando destaque nos principais telejornais do país. Nas telas, as notícias ratificavam os discursos da rua, sobretudo aqueles que apontavam para um crime racial. A partir desse cenário, o objetivo do trabalho é analisar a cobertura realizada pelo Jornal Nacional (Rede Globo), buscando evidências, à luz da Análise da Materialidade Audiovisual, que nos possibilitem afirmar em que medida o telejornalismo cumpriu sua função de não apenas denunciar um suposto crime motivado por questão racial, mas propor caminhos para um conhecimento efetivo relacionado aos Direitos Humanos.