bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomic line radiative transfer with MCFOST
Authors: Tessore B. , Pinte C. , Bouvier J. , Ménard F. 
Published: January 2021

Aims. We present MCFOST-art, a new non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer solver for multilevel atomic systems. The code is embedded in the 3D radiative transfer code MCFOST and is compatible with most of the MCFOST modules. The code is versatile and designed to model the close environment of stars in 3D.
Methods. The code solves for the statistical equilibrium and radiative transfer equations using the Multilevel Accelerated Lambda Iteration method. We tested MCFOST-art on spherically symmetric models of stellar photospheres as well as on a standard model of the solar atmosphere. We computed atomic level populations and outgoing fluxes and compared these values with the results of the TURBOspectrum and RH codes. Calculations including expansion and rotation of the atmosphere were also performed. We tested both the pure local thermodynamic equilibrium and the out-of-equilibrium problems.
Results. In all cases, the results from all codes agree within a few percent at all wavelengths and reach the sub-percent level between RH and MCFOST-art. We still note a few marginal discrepancies between MCFOST-art and TURBOspectrum as a result of different treatments of background opacities at some critical wavelength ranges.
NGTS-14Ab: a Neptune-sized transiting planet in the desert
Authors: Smith A. M. S. , Acton J. S. , Anderson D. R. , Armstrong D. J. , Bayliss D. , Belardi C. , Bouchy F. , Brahm R. , Briegal J. T. , Bryant E. M. , Burleigh M. R. , Cabrera J. , Chaushev A. , Cooke B. F. , Costes J. C. , Csizmadia Sz. , Eigmüller Ph. , Erikson A. , Gill S. , Gillen E. , Goad M. R. , Günther M. N. , Henderson B. A. , Hogan A. , Jordán A. , Lendl M. , McCormac J. , Moyano M. , Nielsen L. D. , Rauer H. , Raynard L. , Tilbrook R. H. , Turner O. , Udry S. , Vines J. I. , Watson C. A. , West R. G. , Wheatley P. J. 
Published: January 2021

Context. The sub-Jovian, or Neptunian, desert is a previously identified region of parameter space where there is a relative dearth of intermediate-mass planets with short orbital periods.
Aims. We present the discovery of a new transiting planetary system within the Neptunian desert, NGTS-14.
Methods. Transits of NGTS-14Ab were discovered in photometry from the Next Generation Transit Survey (NGTS). Follow-up transit photometry was conducted from several ground-based facilities, as well as extracted from TESS full-frame images. We combine radial velocities from the HARPS spectrograph with the photometry in a global analysis to determine the system parameters.
Results. NGTS-14Ab has a radius that is about 30 per cent larger than that of Neptune (0.444 ± 0.030 RJup) and is around 70 per cent more massive than Neptune (0.092 ± 0.012 MJup). It transits the main-sequence K1 star, NGTS-14A, with a period of 3.54 days, just far away enough to have maintained at least some of its primordial atmosphere. We have also identified a possible long-period stellar mass companion to the system, NGTS-14B, and we investigate the binarity of exoplanet host stars inside and outside the Neptunian desert using Gaia.
Small Solar System objects on highly inclined orbits
Authors: Hromakina T. , Belskaya I. , Krugly Yu. , Rumyantsev V. , Golubov O. , Kyrylenko I. , Ivanova O. , Velichko S. , Izvekova I. , Sergeyev A. , Slyusarev I. , Molotov I. 
Published: January 2021

Context. Less than one percent of the discovered small Solar System objects have highly inclined orbits (i > 60°), and revolve around the Sun on near-polar or retrograde orbits. The origin and evolutionary history of these objects are not yet clear.
Aims. In this work we study the surface properties and orbital dynamics of selected high-inclination objects.
Methods. BVRI photometric observations were performed in 2019–2020 using the 2.0 m telescope at the Terskol Observatory and the 2.6 m telescope at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. Additionally, we searched for high-inclination objects in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and Pan-STARRS. The dynamics of the selected objects was studied using numerical simulations.
Results. We obtained new photometric observations of six high-inclination objects (468861) 2013 LU28, (517717) 2015 KZ120, 2020 EP, A/2019 U5 (A/PanSTARRS), C/2018 DO4 (Lemmon), and C/2019 O3 (Palomar). All of the objects have similar B−V, V −R, R−I colours, which are close to those of moderately red TNOs and grey Centaurs. The photometric data that were extracted from the all-sky surveys also correspond to moderately red surfaces of high-inclination objects. No signs of ultra-red material on the surface of high-inclination asteroids were found, which supports the results of previous works. The comet C/2018 DO4 (Lemmon) revealed some complex morphology with structures that could be associated with particles that were ejected from the cometary nucleus. Its value of the parameter Afρ is around 100 cm for the aperture size of 6000 km. The value of Afρ for the hyperbolic comet C/2019 O3 (Palomar) is much larger, and is in the range from 2000 to 3700 cm for the aperture sizes from 25 000 to 60 000 km. For objects 2013 LU28, 2015 KZ120, and 2020 EP we estimated future and past lifetimes on their orbits. It appears that the orbits of considered objects are strongly chaotic, and with the available accuracy of the orbital elements no reliable predictions can be made about their distant past or future. The lifetimes of high-inclination objects turned out to be highly non-sensitive to the precision of the orbital elements, and to the Yarkovsky orbital drift.
Vers une génération plus « verte » de biodiesels
Authors: Vaitilingom Gilles , Mouloungui Zéphirin , Benoist Anthony , Broust François , Daho Tizane , Piriou Bruno 
Published: January 2021

Dans le monde, le pétrole assure 96 % des besoins des transports, lesquels mobilisent 65 % du pétrole consommé et participent à hauteur de 20 % aux émissions de CO2. Afin de réduire la consommation de ressources fossiles, une des alternatives est notamment l’utilisation de « biocarburants ». Ces biocarburants sont classés en trois générations successives. Les biocarburants de première génération sont issus des parties alimentaires de plantes de grande culture : le bioéthanol et le biodiesel. Les biocarburants dits « avancés » de seconde génération sont issus de ressources lignocellulosiques (bois, résidus agricoles...) valorisées soit en bioéthanol soit en hydrocarbures de synthèse. Une troisième génération repose sur la culture de micro-algues productrices d’acides gras transformés en biodiesel. Les biodiesels de première génération, tout comme ceux de deuxième et troisième générations, sont sujets à certaines critiques notamment le CAS (changement d’affectation des sols) et la compétition alimentaire/énergétique. L’objectif de ce travail est d’examiner l’intérêt de deux filières prometteuses. Les biodiesels basés sur des cultures dédiées conduisent à des impacts environnementaux plus réduits mais jouent un rôle dans la problématique des CAS. Alors que celles basées sur les résidus n’y entrent pas et montrent des niveaux de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre entre 83 et 90 % contre 60 à 80 % pour un biodiesel classique par rapport à un carburant diesel fossile. Les esters butyliques d’huiles alimentaires usagées et de graisses animales s’affichent comme des biodiesels « plus verts » et représentent une opportunité pour les biocarburants de deuxième génération et pour une oléochimie « plus verte ».
Synthesis of Novel Triazolyl/Oxadiazolyl/Thiadiazolyl-Piperazine as Potential Anticonvulsant Agents
Authors: Archana Archana 
Published: January 2021

AbstractReaction of piperazine with chloroacetylchloride in dry acetone yield
compound 1 , which on reaction with hydrazine hydrate yielded
compound 2, which was further reacted with various substituted
phenylisothiocyanates in absolute alcohol to afford compounds
3–8 i. e.
2-(carbazolylacetyl)-N-(substitutedphenyl)-hydrazinepiperazinothioamides.
Compounds 3–8 on reaction with aqueous NaOH, ethanolic NaOH
and conc. H2SO4 afford triazoles 9–14,
oxadiazoles 15–20 and thiadiazoles 21–26
respectively. Twenty four newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for
their anticonvulsant activity and acute toxicity. The structures of these
compounds were established on the basis of analytical and spectral data.
Macrophage Activation and Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19: Current Updates and Analysis of Repurposed and Investigational Anti-Cytokine Drugs
Authors: Iqubal Ashif , Hoda Farazul , Najmi Abul Kalam , Haque Syed Ehtaishamul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCoronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged from Wuhan, has now become pandemic and the mortality rate is growing exponentially. Clinical complication and fatality rate is much higher for patients having co-morbid issues. Compromised immune response and hyper inflammation is hall mark of pathogenesis and major cause of mortality. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) or cytokine storm is a term used to affiliate the situation of hyper inflammation and therefore use of anti-cytokine and anti-inflammatory drugs is used to take care of this situation. Looking into the clinical benefit of these anti-inflammatory drugs, many of them enter into clinical trials. However, understanding the immunopathology of COVID-19 is important otherwise, indiscriminate use of these drugs could be fetal as there exists a very fine line of difference between viral clearing cytokines and inflammatory cytokines. If any drug suppresses the viral clearing cytokines, it will worsen the situation and hence, the use of these drugs must be based on the clinical condition, viral load, co-existing disease condition and severity of the infection.
Serum Levels and Adipose Tissue Gene Expression of Cathelicidin
Antimicrobial Peptide (CAMP) in Obesity and During Weight Loss
Authors: Hochberg Alexandra , Patz Marissa , Karrasch Thomas , Schäffler Andreas , Schmid Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractCAMP (Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide) is synthesized and secreted by
adipocytes and involved in adipose tissue (AT) innate immune response and
host defense of subcutaneous AT against Gram positive bacteria. Data on the
regulation of CAMP in obesity and during weight loss are scarce and
reference values do not exist. Serum CAMP levels (ELISA) and AT gene
expression levels (quantitative real time PCR) were investigated in two
large and longitudinal (12 months) cohorts of severely obese patients
undergoing either a low calorie diet (LCD; n=79) or bariatric
surgery (BS; n=156). The impact of metabolic factors on CAMP
expression in vitro was investigated in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
CAMP serum levels significantly increased after BS but not during LCD.
Females had lower CAMP serum levels and lower gene expression levels in
subcutaneous AT. CAMP was positively correlated to unfavorable metabolic
factors/adipokines and negatively to favorable
factors/adipokines. CAMP gene expression was higher in subcutaneous
than in visceral AT but serum CAMP levels were not correlated to levels of
AT gene expression. While certain bile acids upregulated CAMP expression in
vitro, high glucose/insulin as well as GLP-1 had an inhibitory
effect. There exist gender-specific and AT compartment-specific effects on
the regulation of CAMP gene expression. Weight loss induced by BS (but not
by LCD) upregulated CAMP serum levels suggesting the involvement of weight
loss-independent mechanisms in CAMP regulation such as bile acids, incretins
and metabolic factors. CAMP might represent an adipokine at the interface
between metabolism and innate immune response.
Quantification of Silymarin in Silybi mariani fructus: Challenging the Analytical Performance of Benchtop vs. Handheld NIR Spectrometers on Whole Seeds
Authors: Mayr Sophia , Strasser Simon , Kirchler Christian G. , Meischl Florian , Stuppner Stefan , Beć Krzysztof B. , Grabska Justyna , Sturm Sonja , Stuppner Hermann , Popp Michael A. , Bonn Günther K. , Huck Christian W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe content of the flavonolignan mixture silymarin and its individual components (silichristin, silidianin, silibinin A, silibinin B, isosilibinin A, and isosilibinin B) in whole and milled milk thistle seeds (Silybi mariani fructus) was analyzed with near-infrared spectroscopy. The analytical performance of one benchtop and two handheld near-infrared spectrometers was compared. Reference analysis was performed with HPLC following a Soxhlet extraction (European Pharmacopoeia) and a more resource-efficient ultrasonic extraction. The reliability of near-infrared spectral analysis determined through partial least squares regression models constructed independently for the spectral datasets obtained by the three spectrometers was as follows. The benchtop device NIRFlex N-500 performed the best both for milled and whole seeds with a root mean square error of CV between 0.01 and 0.17%. The handheld spectrometer MicroNIR 2200 as well as the microPHAZIR provided a similar
performance (root mean square error of CV between 0.01 and 0.18% and between 0.01 and 0.23%, respectively). We carried out quantum chemical simulation of near-infrared spectra of silichristin, silidianin, silibinin, and isosilibinin for interpretation of the results of spectral analysis. This provided understanding of the absorption regions meaningful for the calibration. Further, it helped to better separate how the chemical and physical properties of the samples affect the analysis. While the study demonstrated that milling of samples slightly improves the performance, it was deemed to be critical only for the analysis carried out with the microPHAZIR. This study evidenced that rapid and nondestructive quantification of silymarin and individual flavonolignans is possible with miniaturized near-infrared spectroscopy in whole milk thistle seeds.
Portal and hepatic vein embolization prior to major hepatectomy
Authors: Masthoff Max , Katou Shadi , Köhler Michael , Schindler Philipp , Heindel Walter , Wilms Christian , Schmidt Hartmut H. , Pascher Andreas , Struecker Benjamin , Wildgruber Moritz , Morgul Haluk 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Purpose To analyze safety and effectiveness of simultaneous portal and hepatic vein embolization (PHVE) or sequential hepatic vein embolization (HVE) compared to portal vein embolization (PVE) for future remnant liver (FRL) hypertrophy prior to major hepatic surgery.
Methods Patients undergoing PVE, PHVE or HVE at our tertiary care center between 2018 and 2020 were retrospectively included. FRLV, standardized FRLV (sFRLV) and sFRLV growth rate per day were assessed via volumetry, as well as laboratory parameters.
Results 36 patients (f = 15, m = 21; median 64.5 y) were included, 16 patients received PHVE and 20 patients PVE, of which 4 received sequential HVE. Significant increase of FRLV was achieved with both PVE and PHVE compared to baseline (p < 0.0001). sFRLV growth rate did not significantly differ following PHVE (2.2 ± 1.2 %/d) or PVE (2.2 ± 1.7 %/d, p = 0.94). Left portal vein thrombosis (LPVT) was observed after PHVE in 6 patients and in 1 patient after PVE. Sequential HVE showed a considerably high growth rate of 1.42 ± 0.45 %/d after PVE.
Conclusion PHVE effectively induces FRL hypertrophy but yields comparable sFRLV to PVE. Sequential HVE further induces hypertrophy after insufficient growth due to PVE. Considering a potentially higher rate of LPVT after PHVE, PVE might be preferred in patients with moderate baseline sFRLV, with optional sequential HVE in non-sufficient responders.
Multidisciplinary approach to the complex treatment for non-cirrhotic portal hypertension – case-report-based discussion
Authors: Gairing Simon J. , Kloeckner Roman , Pitton Michael B. , Baumgart Janine , von Auer-Wegener Charis , Lang Hauke , Galle Peter R. , Foerster Friedrich , Schattenberg Jörn M. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNon-cirrhotic portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a rare complication, and the management has to be determined individually based on the extent and severity of the presentation. We report on a 37-year-old male patient with non-cirrhotic chronic PVT related to a severe thrombophilia, comprising APS, antithrombin-, factor V- and factor X-deficiency. Three years after the initial diagnosis of non-cirrhotic PVT, the patient presented with severe hemorrhagic shock related to acute bleeding from esophageal varices, requiring an emergency transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS). TIPSS was revised after a recurrent bleeding episode due to insufficient reduction of the portal pressure. Additionally, embolization of the dilated V. coronaria ventriculi led to the regression of esophageal varices but resulted simultaneously in a left-sided portal hypertension (LSPH) with development of stomach wall and perisplenic varices. After a third episode of acute esophageal varices bleeding, a surgical distal splenorenal shunt (Warren shunt) was performed to reduce the LSPH. Despite anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin and antithrombin substitution, endoluminal thrombosis led to a complete Warren shunt occlusion, aggravating the severe splenomegaly and pancytopenia. Finally, a partial spleen embolization (PSE) was performed. In the postinterventional course, leukocyte and platelet counts increased rapidly and the patient showed no further bleeding episodes. Overall, this complex course demonstrates the need for individual assessment of multimodal treatment options in non-cirrhotic portal hypertension. This young patient required triple modality porto-systemic pressure reduction (TIPSS, Warren shunt, PSE) and involved finely balanced anticoagulation and bleeding control.
Möglichkeiten der Vorhersage des Erfolgs einer Hörgeräteversorgung mittels des APHAB-Fragebogens
Authors: Thomas Max , Schönweiler Rainer , Löhler Jan 
Published: January 2021

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die subjektive Bewertung einer Hörminderung durch Patienten erfolgt durch Fragebögen, z. B. den APHAB. Kumulierte Werte (Gesamtnutzen, Verbesserungsquotient) konnten bisher nicht individuell interpretiert werden, da es keine entsprechenden Daten gab. Diese zu schaffen und die Klärung der Frage, ob eine Perzentiltreue vor und nach einer HGV besteht, waren die Ziele der Studie.
Methode Aufgrund von 6861 Datensätzen von Patienten mit abgeschlossener HGV aus einer APHAB-Datenbank wurden für verschiedene Alters- sowie Perzentilgruppen der Gesamtnutzen und der Verbesserungsquotient berechnet und eine Heatmap erzeugt. Die Perzentiltreue der Individuen vor und nach einer HGV wurde mittels des Rangkoeffizienten nach Spearman ermittelt.
Ergebnisse Der Mittelwert des Verbesserungsquotienten lag bei 41,01 %. Jüngere Probanden (Durchschnitt 72,26 Jahre ± 11,86) hatten einen signifikant besseren Verbesserungsquotienten (44,36 %) als ältere (37,66 %). Der durchschnittliche Verbesserungsquotient nahm mit kleinerem APHAB-Score vor einer HGV in Bezug auf die Perzentilgruppen ab (23,22–52,07 %). Der Spearman-Korrelationskoeffizient für den APHAB-Nutzen war 0,285, die Effektstärke nach Cohen war klein. Der Gesamtnutzen korrelierte mit 0,582 und der Verbesserungsquotient mit 0,270 mit dem APHAB-Score vor einer HGV.
Schlussfolgerung Eine Perzentiltreue von Probanden vor und nach einer HGV war nicht nachweisbar. Es lassen sich aber Aussagen zum durchschnittlichen Erfolg nach dem Verbesserungsquotienten in Abhängigkeit von Perzentilgruppen und dem Lebensalter vom APHAB vor einer HGV erkennen. Alte Patienten mit einem geringen subjektiven Hörverlust profitierten am geringsten, junge mit einem hohen subjektiven Hörverlust am meisten von einer HGV.
Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Depression: Evidence from Preclinical Studies
Authors: Moragrega Inés , Ríos José Luis 
Published: January 2021

AbstractMedicinal plants and their extracts are natural remedies with enormous potential for treating various diseases, including depression and anxiety. In the case of depression, hundreds of plants have traditionally been used in folk medicine for generations. Different plant extracts and natural products have been analyzed as potential antidepressant agents with validated models to test for antidepressant-like effects in animals, although other complementary studies have also been employed. Most of these studies focus on the possible mediators implicated in these potential effects, with dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline being the principal neurotransmitters implicated, both through interference with receptors and with their metabolism by monoamino oxidases, as well as through neuro-endocrine and neuroprotective effects. There are approximately 650 reports of antidepressant-like medicinal plants in PubMed; 155 of them have been compiled in this review, with a relevant group yielding positive results. Saffron and turmeric are the most relevant species studied in both preclinical and clinical studies; St. Johnʼs wort or kava have also been tested extensively. To the best of our knowledge, no review to date has provided a comprehensive understanding of the biomolecular mechanisms of action of these herbs or of whether their potential effects could have real benefits. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide an update regarding medicinal plants from the year 2000 to the present to examine the therapeutic potential of these antidepressant-like plants in order to contribute to the development of new therapeutic methods to alleviate the tremendous burden that depression causes worldwide.
Novel Piperidine and 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole Alkaloids from Tilia platyphyllos and Tilia cordata Flowers
Authors: Symma Nico , Bütergerds Marek , Sendker Jandirk , Petereit Frank , Hake Alexander , Düfer Martina , Hensel Andreas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractLime flowers, traditionally used for medical purposes for the treatment of symptoms of the common cold and mental stress, consist of the dried inflorescences including the floral bracts of Tilia cordata, Tilia platyphyllos, Tilia × vulgaris, or mixtures thereof. During phytochemical investigations, 6 different alkaloids – not described until now – were detected in T. cordata and T. platyphyllos flowers. They have been isolated and characterized as alkaloids with a dihydro-pyrrole and a piperidine substructure, respectively. Compounds 1a and 1b (tiliines A and B) are characterized as 2 diastereomers containing a 2-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-3-ol, connected via a C-10 alkyl chain to a O-glucosylated hydroquinone moiety. Compounds 2a and 2b (tiliamines A and B) are diastereomers of a 2-methyl-substituted piperidin-3-ol, coupled via a C-9 alkyl chain again to an O-glucosylated hydroquinone moiety. Compounds 3a and 3b (tilacetines A and B) are 3-O-acetylated derivatives of tiliamines. Quantification of the 6 alkaloids by HPLC-ESI-qTOF analysis indicated the presence of all alkaloids in T. cordata flowers and T. platyphyllos flowers, bracts, and leaves, with tiliines A and B and tilacetines A and B being the major compounds. Acetone/water turned out be the best extraction solvent for the alkaloids, but ethanol and ethanol/water mixtures also can be used for effective extraction. Furthermore, the alkaloids are found in hot water extracts, which are typically used in the traditional medicine.
Recent Advances in the Development of Catalytic Methods that Construct Medium-Ring Lactams, Partially Saturated Benzazepines and Their Derivatives
Authors: Driver Tom G. , Mazumdar Wrickban 
Published: January 2021

AbstractRecent catalytic methods to construct medium-sized lactams­ and partially saturated benzazepines and their derivatives are surveyed. The review is divided into the following sections:1	Introduction2	Non-Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions2.1	Beckmann Rearrangement2.2	Non-Beckmann Rearrangement Reactions2.3	Multicomponent reactions3	Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions3.1	Gold-Catalyzed Reactions to Access Medium-Sized N-Hetero­cycles3.2	Reactions Involving a Metal η3-Complex Catalytic Intermediate3.3	Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Reactions of Strained Cycloalkanes4	Conclusions