bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Organizational Safety Climate and Job Enjoyment in Hospital Surgical Teams With and Without Crew Resource Management Training
Authors: Bacon Cynthia Thornton , McCoy Thomas P. , Henshaw Daryl S. , Stabel Cynthia L. 
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE
The association between organizational safety climate (OSC) and job enjoyment (JE) for team members in surgical units in 2 hospitals was investigated. The treatment hospital received airline industry–based crew resource management (CRM) training, and the comparison hospital did not.

BACKGROUND
Strong OSC has been positively associated with healthy hospital work environments and was expected to also be associated with employee job enjoyment.

METHODS
Two hundred sixty-two surgical personnel responded to surveys about OSC and JE.

RESULTS
The effects of OSC on JE did not depend on having CRM training. However, OSC and JE scores were higher in the treatment hospital, and the main effect of OSC and JE scores in the treatment hospital was highly significant (P < 0.001), with higher safety climate scores associated with higher JE.

CONCLUSIONS
A strong OSC is important to employee job enjoyment. Nurse leaders should promote measures to strengthen the OSC in their surgical services departments.
Mapping a Danger Zone of the Dorsal Nerve of the Clitoris: Implications in Female Cosmetic Genital Surgery
Authors: Gordon Victoria , Rowe Joanna , Grubb Lauren , Lewis Adam , Johnson Kenneth , Segars Larry , Surek Christopher , McCumber Travis , Willet Gilbert M. , Olinger Anthony 
Published: October 2021

Background:
The literature regarding the route of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris is sparse and lacks surgical focus. With an increasing number of procedures being performed on the labia, it is important to elucidate the route and note any variation from normal of the nerve.

Methods:
Fifty-one cadavers were dissected to yield 97 dorsal nerve of the clitoris samples. Measurements were taken from (1) the dorsal nerve of the clitoris penetration point of the perineal membrane to the urethra, (2) the nerve’s penetration point of the perineal membrane to the pubic bone, (3) the angle of the clitoris to the branch point of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris, and (4) the branch point of the nerve to the distalmost point of the glans clitoris. Any anomalous branching patterns of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris were recorded and classified.

Results:
The means and standard deviations of each measurement were used to create a surgical danger zone. The mean of each measurement was (1) 34.63 mm, (2) 5.74 mm, (3) −3.07 mm, and (4) 30.40 mm, respectively. In addition, six distinct branching patterns were observed, organized, and classified based on the location and number of branches observed.

Conclusions:
The dorsal nerve of the clitoris has multiple branching patterns and typically travels along the same course in most women. Further investigation of the course and three-dimensional position of the dorsal nerve of the clitoris is warranted to preserve sexual sensation as the frequency of procedures involving the female pudendum increases.
A Novel Injection Technique to the Lateral Pterygoid Muscle for Temporomandibular Disorders: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Kucukguven Arda , Demiryurek Mehmet D. , Kucukguven Meric Bilgic , Vargel Ibrahim 
Published: October 2021

Background:
Lateral pterygoid muscle activity is associated with the pathological mechanisms of some temporomandibular disorders. The authors aimed to define and demonstrate a novel, practical, and safe technique for botulinum toxin type A injection to the lateral pterygoid muscle based on their findings. Their secondary aims were to standardize the injection pattern according to the variations of the lateral pterygoid muscle and its surrounding anatomical structures, and to establish its advantages over intraoral injection.

Methods:
Twenty cadaver heads were dissected. The lateral pterygoid muscle and its surrounding structures were investigated for anatomical variations. Based on these findings, a standardized extraoral injection protocol was defined and compared with the intraoral technique for accuracy and safety.

Results:
The average depth of the lateral pterygoid plate from the skin surface was 49.9 ± 2.2 mm, and the mean width of the lateral pterygoid plate was 10.5 ± 3.9 mm. The extraoral injection approach based on the location of the maxillary tuberosity, tragus, and lateral pterygoid plate was consistent in all dissections for the accuracy of the intramuscular injection. In the intraoral approach, standardization of the entry point of the needle through the oral mucosa is difficult, which makes adjustment of the depth of the injection challenging while increasing the risk of neurovascular injury.

Conclusions:
The clinical significance of the lateral pterygoid muscle makes it worthwhile to implement minimally invasive treatments before considering more invasive options. The authors define a safe, accurate, and reliable approach with ease of administration in patients with temporomandibular disorders.
Molecular epidemiological characteristics of Mycobacterium abscessus complex in non-cystic fibrosis patients in Japan and Taiwan
Authors: Yoshida Mitsunori , Chien Jung-Yien , Morimoto Kozo , Kinjo Takeshi , Aono Akio , Murase Yoshiro , Fujiwara Keiji , Morishige Yuta , Nagano Hiroaki , Jou Ruwen , Hasegawa Naoki , Ato Manabu , Hoshino Yoshihiko , Hsueh Po-Ren , Mitarai Satoshi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) is an emerging non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM). Specific MABC clones are reportedly spreading globally in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, however, associated genomic epidemiology studies are lacking in East Asia. Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data for MABC isolates from 220 pre-treatment, non-CF patients in Japan and Taiwan revealed that 112/220, 105/220, and 3/220 were M. abscessus subsp. abscessus (ABS), M. abscessus subsp. massiliense (MAS), and M. abscessus subsp. bolletii (BOL), respectively. No significant differences in subspecies composition were noted based on location. Moreover, >50% of ABS and >70% of MAS were related to four predominant clones in the region. Known mutations conferring acquired macrolide resistance were rare (1.4%) and not enriched in the predominant clones. Conversely, the macrolide-susceptible erm(41) T28C mutation was significantly enriched in one predominant ABS clone. The most predominant ABS clone was genetically related to the dominant circulating clone (DCC). Hence, we have clarified the relationship between the predominant clones in Japan and Taiwan, and those reported in the international CF patient community. Our results provide insights regarding the genetic characteristics of globally dominant and area-specific strains isolated from patients with or without CF, as well as differences between globally spread and regionally-specific strains.
Performance of Valved Respirators to Reduce Respiratory Particles Generated by Speaking
Authors: Hazard Jessica M. , Cappa Christopher D. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTWearing of face coverings serves two purposes: reducing the concentration of ambient particles inhaled and reducing the emission of respiratory particles generated by the wearer. The efficiency of different face coverings depends on the material, design, and fit. Face coverings such as N95 respirators, when worn properly, are highly efficient at filtering ambient particles during inhalation. Some N95 respirators, as well as other face covering types, include a one-way valve to allow easier exhalation while still maintaining high filtration efficiency towards ambient particles. The extent to which these valves decrease filtration of emitted respiratory particles is, however, not well established. Here, we show that different valved N95s exhibit highly variable filtration efficiencies for exhaled respiratory particles. As such, valved N95s do not provide reliable source control of respired particles and their use should be discouraged in situations where such source control is needed.
Phylogenetic-based inference reveals distinct transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern Gamma and lineage P.2 in Brazil
Authors: Graf Tiago , Bello Gonzalo , Naveca Felipe Gomes , Gomes Marcelo , Oikawa Cardoso Vanessa Leiko , da Silva Alexandre Freitas , Dezordi Filipe Zimmer , dos Santos Mirleide Cordeiro , de Oliveira Santos Katia Correa , Rocha Batista Erika Lopes , alvares Magalhaes Alessandro Leonardo , Vinhal Fernando , Miyajima Fabio , Faoro Helisson , Khouri Ricardo , Wallau Gabriel Luz , Delatorre Edson , Siqueira Marilda Mendonca , Resende Paola Cristina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil experienced two major country-wide lineage replacements, the first driven by the lineage P.2, formerly classified as variant of interest (VOI) Zeta in late 2020 and the second by the variant of concern (VOC) Gamma in early 2021. To better understand how these SARS-CoV-2 lineage turnovers occurred in Brazil, we analyzed 11,724 high-quality SARS-CoV-2 whole genomes of samples collected in different country regions between September 2020 and April 2021. Our findings indicate that the spatial dispersion of both variants in Brazil was driven by short and long-distance viral transmission. The lineage P.2 harboring Spike mutation E484K probably emerged around late July 2020 in the Rio de Janeiro (RJ) state, which contributed with most (∼50%) inter-state viral disseminations, and only became locally established in most Brazilian states by October 2020. The VOC Gamma probably arose in November 2020 in the Amazonas (AM) state, which was responsible for 60-70% of the inter-state viral dissemination, and the earliest timing of community transmission of this VOC in many Brazilian states was already traced to December 2020. We estimate that variant Gamma was 1.56-3.06 more transmissible than variant P.2 co-circulating in RJ and that the median effective reproductive number (Re) of Gamma in RJ and SP states (Re = 1.59-1.91) was lower than in AM (Re = 3.55). In summary, although the epicenter of the lineage P.2 dissemination in Brazil was the heavily interconnected Southeastern region, it displayed a slower rate of spatial spread than the VOC Gamma originated in the more isolated Northern Brazilian region. Our findings also support that the VOC Gamma was more transmissible than lineage P.2, although the viral Re of the VOC varied according to the geographic context.
Preliminary outcomes of combined treadmill and overground high-intensity interval training in ambulatory chronic stroke
Authors: Boyne Pierce , Doren Sarah , Scholl Victoria , Staggs Emily , Whitesel Dustyn , Carl Daniel , Shatz Rhonna , Sawyer Russel , Awosika Oluwole O. , Reisman Darcy S. , Billinger Sandra A. , Kissela Brett , Vannest Jennifer , Dunning Kari 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTIntroductionLocomotor high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a promising intervention for stroke rehabilitation that typically involves bursts of fast treadmill walking alternated with recovery periods. However, overground translation of treadmill speed gains has been somewhat limited, some important outcomes have not been tested and baseline response predictors are poorly understood. This pilot study aimed to guide future research by assessing preliminary outcomes of combined overground and treadmill HIIT.MethodsTen participants >6 months post stroke completed a multi-domain assessment battery before and after a 4-week no-intervention control phase, then again after a 4-week treatment phase involving 12 sessions of overground and treadmill HIIT. The primary analyses assessed relative changes in overground and treadmill walking speeds after HIIT, evaluated responsiveness of different outcome measures and estimated effects of baseline gait speed on treatment response.ResultsOverground and treadmill gait function both improved during the treatment phase relative to the control phase, with overground speed changes averaging 61% of treadmill speed changes (95% CI: 33-89%). Moderate or larger effect sizes were observed for measures of gait performance, balance, fitness, cognition, fatigue, perceived change and brain volume. Participants with baseline comfortable gait speed <0.4 m/s had less absolute improvement in walking capacity but similar proportional and perceived changes.DiscussionFuture locomotor HIIT studies should consider including: 1) both overground and treadmill training; 2) measures of cognition, fatigue and brain volume, to complement typical motor & fitness assessment; and 3) baseline gait speed as a covariate.
Prediction of recessive inheritance for missense variants in human disease
Authors: Petrazzini Ben O. , Balick Daniel J. , Forrest Iain S. , Cho Judy , Rocheleau Ghislain , Jordan Daniel M. , Do Ron 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe prediction of pathogenic human missense variants has improved in recent years, but a more granular level of variant characterization is required. Further axes of information need to be incorporated in order to advance the genotype-to-phenotype map. Recent efforts have developed mode of inheritance prediction tools; however, these lack robust validation and their discrimination performance does not support clinical utility, with evidence of them being fundamentally insensitive to recessive acting diseases. Here, we present MOI-Pred, a three-way variant-level mode of inheritance prediction tool aimed at recessive identification for missense variants. MOI-Pred shows strong ability to discriminate missense variants causing autosomal recessive disease (area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC)=0.99 and sensitivity=0.85) in an external validation set. Additionally, we introduce an electronic health record (EHR)-based validation approach using real-world clinical data and show that our recessive predictions are enriched for recessive associations with human diseases, demonstrating utility of our method. Mode of inheritance predictions - pathogenic for autosomal recessive (AR) disease, pathogenic for autosomal dominant (AD) disease, or benign – for all possible missense variants in the human genome are available at https://github.com/rondolab/MOI-Pred/.
Role of Intraperitoneal Intraoperative Chemotherapy with Paclitaxel in the Surgical Treatment of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis from Ovarian Cancer. Hyperthermia versus Normothermia. A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Casado-Adam Angela , Rodríguez-Ortiz Lidia , Rufián-Peña Sebastián , Muñoz-Casares Francisco Cristobal , Caro-Cuenca Teresa , Ortega-Salas Rosa , Fernández-Peralbo María Auxiliadora , de Castro María Dolores Luque , Sánchez-Hidalgo Juan Manuel , Hervás-Martínez César , Romero Ruiz Antonio , Briceño-Delgado Javier , Arjona-Sanchez Alvaro 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe treatment of ovarian carcinomatosis with cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC is still controversial. The effect and pharmacokinetics of the chemotherapeutics used (specially taxanes) are under consideration at present.MethodsA phase II, simple blind and randomized controlled trial (NTC02739698) was performed. Thirty-two patients with primary or recurrent ovarian carcinomatosis undergoing cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy with paclitaxel (PTX) were included; 16 in hyperthermic and 16 in normothermic conditions. Tissue, serum and plasma samples were taken in every patient before and after intraperitoneal chemotherapy to measure the concentration of PTX. To analyze the inmunohistochemical profile of p53, p27, p21, ki67, PCNA, caspasa-3 and the pathological response a scale of intensity and percentage of expression and a grouped Miller and Payne system were used, respectively. Perioperative characteristics and morbi-mortality were also analyzed.ResultsMain characteristics of patients, surgical morbidity, haematoxicity and nephrotoxicity were similar in both groups. The concentration of paclitaxel in the tissue was higher than that observed in plasma and serum, although no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups. No statistically significant association regarding pathological response and apoptosis (caspasa-3) between both groups was proved. Intraperitoneal PTX reduced the expression of p53, p27, p21, ki67 and PCNA more in hyperthermia group, but not significantly.ConclusionThe use of intraperitoneal PTX has proven an adequate pharmacokinetics with reduction of cell cycle and proliferation markers globally without finding differences between its administration in hyperthermia versus normothermia conditions.
Two-dose SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness with mixed schedules and extended dosing intervals: test-negative design studies from British Columbia and Quebec, Canada
Authors: Skowronski Danuta M , Setayeshgar Solmaz , Febriani Yossi , Ouakki Manale , Zou Macy , Talbot Denis , Prystajecky Natalie , Tyson John R , Gilca Rodica , Brousseau Nicholas , Deceuninck Geneviève , Galanis Eleni , Fjell Chris D , Sbihi Hind , Fortin Elise , Barkati Sapha , Sauvageau Chantal , Naus Monika , Patrick David M , Henry Bonnie , Hoang Linda M N , De Wals Philippe , Garenc Christophe , Carignan Alex , Drolet Mélanie , Sadarangani Manish , Brisson Marc , Krajden Mel , De Serres Gaston 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Canadian COVID-19 immunization strategy deferred second doses and allowed mixed schedules. We compared two-dose vaccine effectiveness (VE) by vaccine type (mRNA and/or ChAdOx1), interval between doses, and time since second dose in two of Canada’s larger provinces.MethodsTwo-dose VE against infections and hospitalizations due to SARS-CoV-2, including variants of concern, was assessed between May 30 and October 2, 2021 using test-negative designs separately conducted among community-dwelling adults ≥18-years-old in British Columbia (BC) and Quebec, Canada.FindingsIn both provinces, two doses of homologous or heterologous SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were associated with ∼95% reduction in the risk of hospitalization. VE exceeded 90% against SARS-CoV-2 infection when at least one dose was an mRNA vaccine, but was lower at ∼70% when both doses were ChAdOx1. Estimates were similar by age group (including adults ≥70-years-old) and for Delta-variant outcomes. VE was significantly higher against both infection and hospitalization with longer 7-8-week vs. manufacturer-specified 3-4-week interval between doses. Two-dose mRNA VE was maintained against hospitalization for the 5-7-month monitoring period and while showing some decline against infection, remained ≥80%.InterpretationTwo doses of mRNA and/or ChAdOx1 vaccines gave excellent protection against hospitalization, with no sign of decline by 5-7 months post-vaccination. A 7-8-week interval between doses improved VE and may be optimal in most circumstances. Findings indicate prolonged two-dose protection and support the use of mixed schedules and longer intervals between doses, with global health, equity and access implications in the context of recent third-dose proposals.
Phenotypic and genetic factors associated with differential consent to record linkage for prescription history in the Australian Genetics of Depression Study
Authors: Gomez Lina , Díaz-Torres Santiago , Colodro-Conde Lucía , Garcia-Marin Luis M. , Yap Chloe , Byrne Enda M. , Yengo Loic , Lind Penelope A. , Wray Naomi R. , Medland Sarah E. , Hickie Ian B. , Lupton Michelle K. , Rentería Miguel E. , Martin Nicholas G. , Campos Adrian I. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSamples can be prone to ascertainment and attrition biases.The Australian Genetics of Depression Study is a large publicly recruited cohort (n=20,689) established to increase the understanding of depression and antidepressant treatment response. As part of the recruitment, participants donated a saliva sample and were given the option to consent to linkage of prescription records for research purposes. This study investigates differences between participants who donated a saliva sample or agreed to linkage of their records compared to those who did not. We observed that older, male participants with a higher education were more likely to donate a saliva sample. Self-reported bipolar disorder, ADHD, panic disorder, PTSD, substance use disorder and social anxiety disorder were associated with lower odds of donating a saliva sample whereas anorexia was associated with higher odds of donation. Male and younger participants showed higher odds of agreeing to record linkage. Participants with higher neuroticism scores and those with a history of bipolar disorder were also more likely to agree to record linkage whereas participants with a diagnosis of anorexia were less likely to agree. Increased likelihood of consent was also associated with increased genetic susceptibility to anorexia and reduced genetic risk for depression, and schizophrenia whereas there was no significant genetic effect for neuroticism. Overall, our results show moderate differences among these subsamples. Most current epidemiological studies do not adjust, nor search, for attrition biases at the genetic level. The possibility to do so is a strength of samples such as the AGDS. Our results suggest that analyses can be made more robust by identifying attrition biases both on the phenotypic and genetic level, and either contextualising them as a potential limitation or performing sensitivity analyses adjusting for them.
Epidemiological, virological and serological investigation into a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak (Alpha variant) in a primary school: a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Lorthe Elsa , Bellon Mathilde , Michielin Grégoire , Berthelot Julie , Zaballa María-Eugenia , Pennacchio Francesco , Bekliz Meriem , Laubscher Florian , Arefi Fatemeh , Perez-Saez Javier , Azman Andrew S , L’Huillier Arnaud G , Posfay-Barbe Klara M , Kaiser Laurent , Guessous Idris , Maerkl Sebastian , Eckerle Isabella , Stringhini Silvia 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report a prospective epidemiological, virological and serological investigation of a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in a primary school, as part of a longitudinal, prospective, primary school-based surveillance study. It involved repeated testing of pupils and teachers and household members of participants who tested positive, with rapid antigen tests and/or RT-PCR (Day 0-2 and Day 5-7), serologies on dried capillary blood samples (Day 0-2 and Day 30), contact tracing interviews and SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing. This SARS-CoV-2 outbreak caused by the Alpha variant involved 20 children aged 4 to 6 years from 4 classes, 2 teachers and a total of 4 household members. Infection attack rates were between 11.8 and 62.0% among pupils from the 4 classes, 22.2% among teachers and 0% among non-teaching staff. Secondary attack rate among household members was 15.4%. Symptoms were reported by 63% of infected children, 100% of teachers and 50% of household members. All analysed sequences but one showed 100% identity. Serological tests detected 8 seroconversions unidentified by SARS-CoV-2 virological tests. This study confirmed child-to-child and child-to-adult transmission of the infection. Effective measures to limit transmission in schools have the potential to reduce the overall community circulation.