bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empowerment: What can Nurse Leaders Do to Encourage an Empowering Environment for Nurses Working in the Mental Health Area?
Authors:   , Casey Heather 
Published: November 2021

<p>Nurses, as the majority of the mental health workforce have a valuable contribution to make at a policy development level. The 1998 report from the Ministerial Taskforce on Nursing supports this statement but also indicates that there is a general reluctance by nurses to participate in policy development. For nurses to have control over their practice they need to have input into policy development. Nurses having control over their practice has been linked to nursing empowerment. Therefore the question explored in this research project is: What can nurse leaders do to encourage an empowering environment for nurses working in the mental health area? The literature reviewed for this project includes empowerment, power, the history of nursing in relation to women's role in society, oppression and resistance, and literature on Critical Social Theory as the underlying theoretical and philosophical position which informs the research process. In order to answer the research question a single focus group was used to gather data from a group of registered nurses practising in mental health. Focus groups as a data collection method produce data and insights that would be less accessible without the interaction found in the group. The key themes to emerge from the data analysis were; power is an important component of empowerment and power relationships; and at a systems level, professional, organisational, and political influences impact on feelings of empowerment and/or disempowerment. These key themes are discussed in relation to the literature and the broader social and cultural context of the mental health care environment. The contribution this research makes to nursing includes a list of recommendations for nurse leaders who aim to provide an empowering environment for nurses practising in mental health.</p>
Humanitarian, International Nursing and the New Zealand and Recipients of the Florence Nightingale Medal 1920-1999
Authors:   , Caughley Jill 
Published: November 2021

<p>The purpose of this study was to explore the history of the Florence Nightingale Medal and in particular its New Zealand recipients. New Zealand nurses have, over many years, contributed to international nursing by providing service during conflicts and disasters. Several have worked with the Red Cross and, of these nurses, twenty-two have been awarded its highest honour, the Florence Nightingale Medal. This thesis related the history of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, and its place in humanitarian and international nursing. It traces New Zealand nursing's involvement in this, and offers a history of the New Zealand recipients of the Florence Nightingale Medal, 1920-1999. The personal and professional stories of five New Zealand nurses who were awarded the medal between 1969 and 1999 were gathered through oral history interviews. Their stories are used to consider in more detail the motivations and experiences of nurses who work in these circumstances, and the way in which humanitarian nursing practice and Red Cross principles shaped and challenged their practice. The thesis therefore documents the work of five New Zealand nurses who have demonstrated exceptional courage, dedication, and commitment to humanitarian causes and international nursing practice. As an exploratory and descriptive study which has drawn on both historical and contemporary sources of information, it raises awareness about the Red Cross and its nurses, humanitarian nursing practice in particular, and international nursing in general.</p>
Evolution of the North Horowhenua Coastal Depositional System in Response to Late Pleistocene Sea Level Changes
Authors:   , Hughes Glenn Richard 
Published: November 2021

<p>The convergent tectonic setting of New Zealand has lead to the development of a series of anticlines and troughs resulting from folding and faulting of basement greywacke in southwest North Island. The most extensive of these is the Kairanga Trough spreading from the Horowhenua to the Manawatu, which lies between the uplifting Tararua Range and subsiding South Wanganui Basin. This trough was a major depocentre for fluvial and shallow marine strata during the Quaternary. By utilising a 280m deep borehole from the Kairanga Trough, this thesis investigates how climate and sea level variations affected sedimentation in the north Horowhenua District. This borehole has recorded a near continuous record of climate and sea level change for the last 340ka. The lower part of the core is a marine sequence representing progressive infilling of the Kairanga Trough during 5th order (c.100ka) glacioeustatic fluctuations, which consequently produced 4 marine cyclothems. Transgressions and subsequent highstand periods are represented by shallow marine sediment, which were followed by fluvial aggradation during lowstand periods, then marine planation during subsequent transgressions. Cycle 1 developed during OIS 9 (340-300ka). Cycles 2 and 3 both formed during OIS 7 as a result of two closely spaced highstands centred around 245ka (OIS 7c) and 200ka (OIS 7a), which were separated by a period of lower sea level around 225ka (OIS 7b) that produced a disconformity. Cycle 4 formed during the Last Interglacial transgression (OIS 5e) and represents an incised valley fill. Progradation of a coastal strandplain and alluvial plain representing the latter stages of infilling of the Kairanga Trough with coastal and terrigenous sediment during the mid to late Last Interglacial and Glacial Periods is recorded in the sediment composing the top part of the borehole.</p>
A Modal Proof Theory for Polynomial Coalgebras
Authors:   , Friggens David 
Published: November 2021

<p>The abstract mathematical structures known as coalgebras are of increasing interest in computer science for their use in modelling certain types of data structures and programs. Traditional algebraic methods describe objects in terms of their construction, whilst coalgebraic methods describe objects in terms of their decomposition, or observational behaviour. The latter techniques are particularly useful for modelling infinite data structures and providing semantics for object-oriented programming languages, such as Java. There have been many different logics developed for reasoning about coalgebras of particular functors, most involving modal logic. We define a modal logic for coalgebras of polynomial functors, extending Rößiger’s logic [33], whose proof theory was limited to using finite constant sets, by adding an operator from Goldblatt [11]. From the semantics we define a canonical coalgebra that provides a natural construction of a final coalgebra for the relevant functor. We then give an infinitary axiomatization and syntactic proof relation that is sound and complete for functors constructed from countable constant sets.</p>
The Moment of Caring: a Manuscript for Reflection on Caring Moments in Nursing Practice
Authors:   , Drake Maurice Charles 
Published: November 2021

<p>The focus of this study was on understanding the caring nature of the nurse-client relationship as reflected in a story of nursing practice. The story was examined and understood using an interpretive approach which emerged over time and reflected the exploratory and intuitive nature of the work. The processes of reflection, immersion and crystallisation were used to generate an exploratory theoretical work on caring. The method was called 'The Hermeneutic Wave' because it focused on interpreting and understanding textual reflection of experience, and reflected the ebb and flow nature of the processes of interpretation used. These tidal processes involved moving out of the story to conceptualise what was occurring within the story from a general perspective, and then re-layering the conceptualisations back over the story to examine congruity and differences, and to uncover understanding and meaning of practice. These processes were repeated until 'The Moment of Caring: A Manuscript for Reflection on Caring Moments in Nursing Practice' emerged. The manuscript consists of four phases; Phase One - Readiness to Co-participate, where the nurse and client fulfil expected health related roles and their relationship is characterised as one of apartness where they are relating in regard to their distinct roles; Phase Two - In Relationship, where the nurse and client are in the process of moving from a relationship characterised by apartness to that of oneness where they relate as person-to-person; Phase Three - 'The Moment of Caring', where the nurse and client transcend relating from a position of apartness and relate as one; and Phase Four - Redefining Wholeness, where the nurse's and client's understanding of their shared experience results in growth in their beings, and where their relationship moves from oneness to apartness in response to this growth. The manuscript 'The Moment of Caring' provides nurses with a framework for reflection in as well as on nursing practice, offers an emerging exploratory approach to the development of theory from practice, and contributes to the growing body of knowledge of caring within nursing practice in New Zealand and internationally.</p>
Oral Pentoxifylline in the Treatment of Venous Leg Ulcers: a Meta-Analysis
Authors:   , Jull Andrew B 
Published: November 2021

<p>Compression bandaging improves rates of healing in people with venous ulceration. Some ulcers appear resistant to compression therapy and may benefit from adjunctive therapy. Pentoxifylline is known to improve circulation, but individual trials have failed to conclusively demonstrate its effectiveness in venous ulceration. The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of pentoxifylline as an adjunct to compression bandaging in the treatment of venous leg ulcers. The CENTRAL registers of the Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases and Wounds Groups were searched - each register is routinely updated by extensive searches of electronic databases, handsearching of relevant journals and conference proceedings, and contact with product companies and experts in the field. The drug's manufacturer was contacted and the references of review articles and all obtained trials were scrutinised for further citations. Randomised controlled trials published in any language comparing pentoxifylline and compression with placebo in adult participants with venous ulceration were included. Trials must have reported a meaningful objective outcome (rates of healing, proportions healed, time to healing). Details from eligible trials (independently selected by two reviewers) were extracted and summarised by one reviewer. A second reviewer independently verified extracted data. Eleven clinical trials were identified. Five trials compared pentoxifylline with placebo (compression standard therapy). Six trials were excluded. Pentoxifylline and compression was more effective than placebo and compression (RR 1.30, 95% C1 1.10-1.54) and was robust to sensitivity analyses. The greater number of adverse effects (46 reports) occurred in the pentoxifylline group, although this was not significant (RR 1.12, 95% C1 0.77-1.62); 34 percent of adverse effects were gastro-intestinal. Seven of 21 reported withdrawals were for adverse effects. In conclusion, pentoxifylline appears an effective adjunct to compression bandaging in the treatment of venous ulcers. The absence of cost-effectiveness data suggests it not be employed as a routine adjunct, but it could be considered as for those patients not responding to compression therapy alone. The majority of adverse effects are likely to be tolerated by patients.</p>
Is it Possible to Care for the "Difficult" Male? A Study Exploring the Interface Between Gender Issues, Nursing Practice, and Men's Health
Authors:   , Mitchell David F 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis is about caring for males, especially those males who could be considered "difficult" to care for through their use of behaviours such as silence, anger or defensive humour. This thesis is positioned in the view that these behaviours are often expressions of distress, which typically distance males from those who attempt to care for them. Hence the word "distress" more accurately reflects the theme of the thesis and is used throughout the work. This thesis explores the interface between gender issues, nursing practice and caring for males. It is informed by a review of relevant literature and data gathered from a focus group of nine registered nurses. The analysis is framed by questions that are developed from a series of reflections on my personal and professional life. Critical social theory, with its emphases on dominant dialogue, power and emancipation is used to inform and guide this analysis. What is most obvious is the contrast between themes arising from the literature and those arising from the focus group. It appears that the literature, in the main, is critical of males in regard to concepts of masculinity, issues related to gender, and men's health. Males are portrayed as arbitrators of their own misfortune, as deliberately choosing a lifestyle that reflects poorly on their health, their self-expression, and communication with others. Concepts such as power and control over others, both at a societal and individual level, often feature. Conversely, the literature is noticeably lacking in regard to information about the health related experiences of males and about caring for males. In contrast, the participants of the focus group frame their discussion in the positive. For example, they suggest that males are interested in their health but require an environment that supports this expression of interest. They support this by identifying a range of behaviors they believe are effective in caring for males. The participants also suggest that it is the registered nurse rather than the male who manages issues to do with power and control. The thesis concludes that creating and sustaining an environment supportive of, and sensitive to the needs of males, is an activity that requires considerable thought, skill and experience. These areas are not adequately addressed in academic dialogue, research activity, or in the education of registered nurses. The thesis suggests that this situation is inconsistent with an ethic of care and that nursing should make a priority of broadening its research and knowledge base to better understand and care for males.</p>
Marking Space: a Literary Psychogeography of the Practice of a Nurse Artist
Authors:   , Martin Heather Edwina 
Published: November 2021

<p>The thesis as a production of disciplined work presented in a creative style is congruent with performance and presentation best practice in community arts. As a practising nurse artist I create spaces of alternate ordering within the mental health field environment. I also inhabit the marginal space of the artist working in hospital environments. This Other Place neither condones nor denies the existence of the mental health field environment as it is revealed. Yet, it seeks to find an alternative to the power and subjectivity of the [social] control of people with an experience of mental illness that inhabit this place both voluntarily and involuntarily. I have used a variety of texts to explore the experience and concept of Otherness. The poems are intended to take you, as a reader where you could not perhaps emotionally and physically go, or might have never envisaged going. They also allow me as the author to more fully describe the Otherness of place that is neither the consumer story nor the nurse’s notation, but somewhere alternately ordered to these two spaces. Drawing on the heuristic research approaches of Moustakas and literary psychogeography , particularly the work of Guy Debord, this thesis creates the space to explore the possibilities of resistance and change and the emergence of the identity of the nurse artist within the mental health field environment.</p>
Conservation Genetics and Hybridisation of the Forbes’ Parakeet (Cyanoramphus Forbesi) in the Chatham Islands
Authors:   , Chan Chi-hang 
Published: November 2021

<p>This study describes the isolation and characterisation of microsatellite loci in Forbes’ parakeet (Cyanoramphus forbesi). These molecular markers are used to assess the status of interspecific hybridisation between Forbes’ parakeets and Chatham Island Red-crowned parakeets (C. novaezelandiae chathamensis) on Mangere and Little Mangere Islands in the Chatham Islands group. The evolution of these microsatellite loci in parrots is also investigated. Forbes’ parakeets are facing the problem of genetic introgression due to extensive hybridisation with Chatham Island Red-crowned parakeets. Hybrids show a spectrum of crown morphologies between the parent species (Nixon 1982), but identification of hybrids based on morphology alone is not foolproof. Mitochondrial DNA studies by Boon (2000) showed that Forbes’ parakeet is a distinct lineage, basal to all other New Zealand parakeets but several Forbes’ morphotypes have Chatham Island Redcrowned parakeet haplotype. However, mitochondrial DNA markers only probe the maternally inherited lineages and cannot tell the whole story. The microsatellite markers used in this study show that interspecific hybridisation between Forbes parakeet and Chatham Island Red-crowned parakeet is more extensive than previously expected. Microsatellite data combined with results from scoring mitochondrial DNA haplotypes show that crown morphology alone under-represents the proportion of hybrids in the population, and that a large number of cryptic hybrids (77.9%) show Forbes’ parakeet morphotypes. A three factor scoring system is suggested in which a parakeet must pass both genetic (microsatellites and mitochondrial) and morphological criteria to be considered a “pure” Forbes’ parakeet. Using this system, 17.8%, 1.2%, and 81.0% of the Mangere Island parakeet population are “pure” Forbes’ parakeets, “pure” Chatham Island Red-crowned parakeets, and interspecific hybrids respectively. The results of this study have implications for the future conservation of Forbes’ parakeet. Because interspecific hybridisation makes no positive contribution to the long-term survival of Forbes’ parakeets, conservation measures to limit contact between the two species should be taken to control further hybridisation of parakeets on Mangere Island. The microsatellite loci isolated in this study are found to evolve following the patterns best described by either the Stepwise Mutation Model (SMM; Ohta & Kimura 1973) or the Two-Phase Model (TPM; Di Rienzo et al. 1994) at population level. By mapping the evolutionary changes in repeat motif variations to a parrot phylogeny, it is suggested that these loci may evolve through a more complex model than sole repeat number changes.</p>
Educational Policy Change, Newspapers and Public Opinion in New Zealand, 1988-1999
Authors:   , Roulston Dorothy Ella 
Published: November 2021

<p>This thesis analyses educational trends as reported in five major New Zealand daily newspapers from 1988-1999 when the New Zealand education system underwent radical policy reforms. Newspaper reporting of the educational reforms was set alongside and compared with a range of academic and professional critiques. The role of newspaper reporting differed from the academic literature in two inter-related ways. First, newspapers had to appeal to a ‘reader audience’ so as to achieve their second function, commercial viability. Commercial viability was achieved by a process of ‘gatekeeping’ whereby articles were selected for their publishing suitability. Gatekeeping took into account the reader audience, time constraints and the employer’s political orientation. The key argument of this thesis was, that because of those restraints, reporting on complex educational issues, which required time to investigate, analyse, reflect and theorise, were too difficult and therefore, were largely ignored. A mixed research methodology was used to identify the similarities and differences between academic and professional concerns with those educational articles found in newspapers. Five newspapers were surveyed over 12 years (1988-1999) on the basis of every 11 days, but omitting Sunday. This resulted in 1680 newspapers being identified. Educational articles were coded according to their story content and substory content and scored according to their prominence using the ‘Budd Score’ method. The key findings were that articles about education, in the new global media market with its focus on the commodification of information, were superficial, narrow, unquestioning and given low priority. Such ‘dumbing down’ was seen to have effectively muzzled the ‘watchdog’ role that the media claimed to have upheld. As a result a ‘cultural bricolage’ had led to an unequal power distribution that, based on the evidence of the literature review and the Budd score analysis in this thesis, was arguably anti-social, anti-Maori, anti-feminist, anti-competitive and therefore, anti-democratic.</p>
Symbolic Ethnicity and the Dilemmas of Difference: Talking Indianness with New Zealand-Born Gujaratis
Authors:   , Gilbertson Amanda 
Published: November 2021

<p>Marcus Banks (1996: 8) argues that the life of ethnicity has been lived out through the writings of academics rather than in the lives of the people they have studied and, indeed, local discourses of ethnicity are remarkably understudied. This thesis takes a step towards addressing the lack of attention given to local discourses of ethnicity by exploring the ways in which sixteen New Zealand-born Gujaratis talked about their Indianness in interviews conducted specifically for this project. Herbert Gans’ (1979) notion of symbolic ethnicity is initially employed as a framework for understanding participants’ narratives. Although this analysis gives an indication of the salience of ethnicity in the lives of my participants, it fails to account for the complex dilemmas of difference they expressed – the definition of ‘Indian culture’ in terms of difference from other ‘cultures’ and the suggestion that they were different from other New Zealanders by virtue of their Indianness. These issues are explained through an exploration of the assumptions about the cultural and the person that were inherent in notions expressed by participants of living in ‘two worlds’ and having to find a balance between them. This analysis suggests that participants constructed both ‘culture’ and ‘the individual’ as highly individuated categories. It is argued that these conceptualizations of ‘culture’ and ‘the individual’ can be usefully understood in terms of reflexive, or liquid, modernity and reflexive individualism. Under the conditions of late modernity, reflexive – that is, selfdirected and self-oriented – thought and activity become idealised and individuals are ideologically cast as the producers of their own biographies. My participants’ discussions of their Indianness can, therefore, be understood to represent a kind of ‘self-reflexive ethnicity’ that is centred on the person rather than on social networks or cultural practices. This mode of ethnicity does not necessarily require the decline of such networks and practices; they are simply reconfigured in terms of personal choice.</p>