bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of continuous apical negative ultrasonic irrigation (CANUI) in penetration of simulated lateral canals in extracted teeth
Authors: Castelo-Baz Pablo , Lozano Francisco J. Rodríguez , Ginzo-Villamayor María J. , Vila Ramón Miguéns , Seoane-Romero Juan , Martín-Cruces José , Martín-Biedma Benjamín 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of continuous apical negative ultrasonic irrigation into simulated lateral canals and the apical third in straight and curved root canals. Two simulated lateral canals were created 2, 4 and 6 mm from the working length in 120 single-rooted teeth (6 canals/tooth, n = 360 straight, n = 360 curved). The teeth were randomly divided into 3 experimental groups: positive pressure irrigation (PPI) (n = 20); passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) (n = 20); continuous apical negative ultrasonic irrigation (CANUI) (n = 20). 20% Chinese ink was added to a 5% sodium hypochlorite solution and delivered into the root canals. The results showed a significantly higher (P < 0.05) penetration of irrigant into the lateral canals and up to working length in the CANUI group for straight and curved roots. CANUI improves penetration into the lateral canals and up to the working length of the cleared teeth in straight and curved roots.
Cryo-EM structure of type 1 IP3R channel in a lipid bilayer
Authors: Baker Mariah R. , Fan Guizhen , Seryshev Alexander B. , Agosto Melina A. , Baker Matthew L. , Serysheva Irina I. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractType 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1) is the predominant Ca2+-release channel in neurons. IP3R1 mediates Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol and thereby is involved in many physiological processes. Here, we present the cryo-EM structures of full-length rat IP3R1 reconstituted in lipid nanodisc and detergent solubilized in the presence of phosphatidylcholine determined in ligand-free, closed states by single-particle electron cryo-microscopy. Notably, both structures exhibit the well-established IP3R1 protein fold and reveal a nearly complete representation of lipids with similar locations of ordered lipids bound to the transmembrane domains. The lipid-bound structures show improved features that enabled us to unambiguously build atomic models of IP3R1 including two membrane associated helices that were not previously resolved in the TM region. Our findings suggest conserved locations of protein-bound lipids among homotetrameric ion channels that are critical for their structural and functional integrity despite the diversity of structural mechanisms for their gating.
Exploration of an ice-cliff grounding zone in Antarctica reveals frozen-on meltwater and high productivity
Authors: Owsianowski Nils , Richter Claudio 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIce fluxes across the grounding zone affect global ice-sheet mass loss and sea level rise. Although recent changes in ice fluxes are well constrained by remote sensing, future projections remain uncertain, because key environments affecting ice-sheet dynamics – the ice-sheet bed and grounding zone – are largely unknown. Here, we used a remotely operated vehicle to explore the grounding zone of a Weddell Sea tidewater ice cliff. At 148 m we found a 0.3–0.5 m gap between the ice and the seafloor and a 0.4 m clear facies of debris- and bubble-free basal ice, suggesting freeze-on of meltwater in the distal marine portion of the ice sheet over the last 400 yr. Ploughmarks and low epifauna cover reveal recent grounding line retreat, as corroborated by satellite remote sensing. We found dense algal tufts on the ice cliff and high phytoplankton pigment concentrations, suggesting high productivity fuelled by nutrients from ice melt. As grounded tidewater ice cliffs rim 38% of the Antarctic continent, sinking and downwelling of organic matter along with low benthic turnover may contribute to enhanced carbon sequestration, providing a potentially important feedback to climate.
Reconstruction and catalytic activity of hybrid Pd(100)/(111) monolayer on γ-Al2O3(100) in CH4, H2O, and O2 dissociation
Authors: Rybakov A. A. , Todorova S. , Trubnikov D. N. , Larin A. V. 
Published: May 2021

Catalytic capabilities of stable hybrid Pd(100)/(111) monolayers (with/without vacancies shown by ellipses) at γ-Al2O3(100) were modelled for CH4, H2O, O2 dissociation. A transferability of the monolayer geometry was tested for Pt, Rh, and Ag.
A new strategy for constructing artificial light-harvesting systems: supramolecular self-assembly gels with AIE properties
Authors: Ma Xinxian , Yue Jinlong , Wang Yipei , Gao Yang , Qiao Bo , Feng Enke , Li Zhenliang , Ye Fei , Han Xinning 
Published: May 2021

An artificial light-harvesting system (ALHS) has been constructed based on supramolecular organogels, as well as the fluorescent dye rhodamine B (RhB). RhB acted as a good acceptor to realize the energy-transfer process with good efficiency.
Pflegekammer: 2 zurück, 1 vor
Authors: Risse Ludger 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungNeben positiven Schlagzeilen über die Errichtung der Pflegekammer NRW stehen aktuell Hiobsbotschaften ins Haus. In Niedersachsen hat das Landesparlament das endgültige Aus der Pflegekammer beschlossen, in Schleswig-Holstein sprachen sich 92 Prozent gegen die Selbstverwaltung aus. Die Errichtung in NRW schreitet indes ungebremst voran. Eine Paradoxie?
Prozesse miteinander verknüpfen
Authors: Wieteck Pia 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungDie Pflegeprozessdokumentation in Kliniken ist neu zu denken – zudem drängt die Zeit! Wer bis zum 1. Januar 2025 nicht auf eine Digitale Patientenakte mit Pflegeprozessdokumentation umgestellt hat, muss 2 Prozent Abschläge auf jeden Patientenfall in Kauf nehmen.
Bachelor ist nicht gleich Bachelor
Authors: Mahler Cornelia , Kaltenbach Anna , Bader Katrin , Elsbernd Astrid 
Published: May 2021

ZusammenfassungAuch in Deutschland gibt es inzwischen immer mehr Pflegende, die einen berufsqualifizierenden Bachelorabschluss in der Tasche haben. Wie sich die Abschlüsse unterscheiden und was das für die Pflegepraxis langfristig bedeutet – hier ein Überblick.
Lokalrezidive von jodrefraktären Schilddrüsenkarzinomen – chirurgische Therapieoption bei Infiltration des Kehlkopfs
Authors: Fuerst Heinrich , Negele Thomas , Tsalos Nikolaos , Fertl Andreas , Suckfüll Markus , Todica Andrei , Bartenstein Peter 
Published: May 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Lokalrezidive von Schilddrüsenkarzinomen können zu einer Tumorinfiltration im unteren Kehlkopfbereich führen. Da diese Tumoren in der Regel nicht mehr jodspeichernd sind, sind die weiteren Therapieoptionen erheblich eingeschränkt. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt unsere Erfahrung mit laryngotrachealen Resektionen dieser Lokalrezidive.
Material und Methode Von Juli 2019 bis November 2020 behandelten wir 5 Patienten mit maligner Infiltration der Trachea und des Larynx durch ein Lokalrezidiv eines Schilddrüsenkarzinoms. Wir führten bei 4 Patienten eine laryngotracheale Resektion mit End-zu-End-Anastomose durch, bei einer Patientin erfolgte eine frontolaterale Teillaryngektomie.
Ergebnisse Der Krankenhausaufenthalt betrug median 6 Tage (5–14). Eine R0-Resektion wurde nur bei 2 Patienten erreicht. Bei keinem Patienten traten Probleme mit der Anastomose oder eine beidseitige Rekurrensparese auf. Ein Patient musste am ersten postoperativen Tag wegen zunehmenden Lungenversagens reintubiert werden. Er konnte nach 5 Tagen extubiert werden.
Schlussfolgerung Hohe Trachealresektionen mit Teilresektion des Larynx können mit geringem Risiko durchgeführt werden. Obwohl onkologisch radikale Resektionen selten sind, stellen diese Resektionen eine Erweiterung der Therapieoptionen bei jodrefraktären Lokalrezidiven von Schilddrüsenkarzinomen dar. Hohe Trachealresektionen könnten Teil des onkologischen Therapiespektrums beim lokal rezidivierenden, nicht mehr Jod speichernden Schilddrüsenkarzinom werden.
Applications of Ytterbium(II) Reagent as Grignard Reagent and Single-Electron Transfer Reagent in the Synthesis of 3-Substituted 2-Oxindoles
Authors: Zhang Songlin , Wang Pengkai , Cao Xuyan 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe use of ytterbium(II) reagent as both nucleophilic reagent and single-electron transfer reagent in the reaction of isatin derivatives with ytterbium(II) reagent is reported. From a synthetic point of view, a general, efficient, and experimentally simple one-pot method for the preparation of 3-substituted 2-oxindoles was developed.
Enantioselective Intermolecular Murai-Type Alkene Hydroarylation Reactions
Authors: Bower John F. , Aldhous Timothy P. , Chung Raymond W. M. , Dalling Andrew G. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractStrategies that enable the efficient assembly of complex building blocks from feedstock chemicals are of paramount importance to synthetic chemistry. Building upon the pioneering work of Murai and co-workers in 1993, C–H-activation-based enantioselective hydroarylations of alkenes offer a particularly promising framework for the step- and atom-economical installation of benzylic stereocenters. This short review presents recent intermolecular enantioselective Murai-type alkene hydroarylation methodologies and the mechanisms by which they proceed.1 Introduction2 Enantioselective Hydroarylation Reactions of Strained Bicyclic Alkenes3 Enantioselective Hydroarylation Reactions of Electron-Rich Acyclic Alkenes4 Enantioselective Hydroarylation Reactions of Electron-Poor Acyclic Alkenes5 Enantioselective Hydroarylation Reactions of Minimally Polarized Acyclic Alkenes6 Conclusion and Outlook
Study of Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea
Authors: Raval Himanshu 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is a condition where the protective fluid that surrounds the brain finds its way into the nose and sinuses, often appearing as a very watery runny nose. In this study, we are looking for clinical picture, various available investigation and treatment modalities, and their outcomes. In this study, we include 60 patients diagnosed with CSF rhinorrhea irrespective of cause. Patient having similar clinical picture but ruled out by investigation are not included. We obtain result in terms of most common causative factor, common site, and efficacy of treatment, and can decide a favorable line of management with respect to different circumstances.
Hepatitis C virus modulates signal peptide peptidase to alter host protein processing
Authors: Hirano Junki , Yoshio Sachiyo , Sakai Yusuke , Songling Li , Suzuki Tatsuya , Itoh Yumi , Zhang He , Chen David Virya , Haga Saori , Oomori Hiroko , Kodama Takahiro , Maeda Yusuke , Ono Yoshihiro , Takahashi Yu , Standley Daron M. , Yamamoto Masahiro , Moriishi Kohji , Moriya Kyoji , Kanto Tatsuya , Takehara Tetsuo , Koike Kazuhiko , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Okamoto Toru 
Published: May 2021

SignificanceThe mechanism by which hepatitis C virus (HCV) evades immune surveillance and causes chronic infection is unclear. We demonstrate here that HCV core protein interferes with the maturation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I catalyzed by signal peptide peptidase (SPP) and induces degradation via HMG-CoA reductase degradation 1 homolog. In addition, we found that the core protein transmembrane domain is homologous to the human cytomegalovirus US2 protein, whose transmembrane region also targets SPP to impair MHC class I molecule expression in a similar manner. Therefore, our data suggest that SPP represents a potential target for the impairment of MHC class I molecules by DNA and RNA viruses.
Perceptions of invisible Zhuang minority language in Linguistic Landscapes of the People’s Republic of China and
implications for language policy
Authors: Grey Alexandra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The article presents data from a 2013–2019 ethnography of Zhuang language policy to support an analysis of
implications for language policy research and scholarship of findings about the (in)visibility of publicly displayed Zhuang. The
analysis challenges core assumptions of language policy-making, advocacy and scholarship and explicates the general implications
of this challenge beyond China, particularly for minority languages. The most important assumption that this article interrogates
is that a written language on display will be recognised as that language by its speakers. Further, it argues
that literacy, script, and other language policies impact on display policies and must work together; they do not in the Zhuang
case. In making a case for language policy informed by ethnographic research, this article reviews the foundations of
socially-situated analyses of Linguistic Landscapes. To galvanise further such research and articulate it to policy-makers, the
article employs the term ‘lived landscape approach’.
Grammaticalization and phonological reidentification in White Hmong
Authors: White Nathan M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe “dynamic coevolution of meaning and form” of Bybee et al. (1994: 20) has been the subject of significant discussion as regards the languages of Mainland Southeast Asia. However, little work has focused on the mechanisms through which this coevolution occurs when it does surface in these languages. The current work considers phonological reidentification resulting from phonetic reduction in White Hmong (Hmong-Mien, Laos) involving four morphemes,ntshai/ntshe‘maybe’,saib/seb‘see if/whether;comp.cfact’,puag/pug‘locl;ints’, andniaj/nej‘each, every’. These morphemes exhibit an alternation where a rime is phonologically reidentified in a manner consistent with typical phonetic underarticulation patterns, such that an exemplar-model approach (Pierrehumbert 2001,inter alia) provides a straightforward explanation. Furthermore, the data show that the phonological reidentification patterns found in White Hmong exhibit parallels in other languages in the region, confirming that an areal approach to grammaticalization provides greater descriptive adequacy cross-linguistically as regards this phenomenon.
Translators’ and revisers’ competences in legal translation
Authors: Parra-Galiano Silvia 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This article proposes a hierarchy of translator and reviser competences in prototypical scenarios in legal
translation with a view to determining the most appropriate revision foci to ensure translation quality. Built on a prior
characterisation of the most common professional translator profiles in legal translation, the proposal for a hierarchy of
competences derives from two premises: (1) The professional profile of those who translate and revise legal documents is very
diverse in terms of competence and qualifications (training and experience), and (2) translation competence and specialist
knowledge in legal fields (i.e., domain competence) are fundamental when revising to guarantee the quality of legal translations.
The proposal is framed by quality assurance in legal translation through a revision process based on (1) the coherent management
of the work of the translators and revisers involved in the translation project, and (2) the appropriate methodology for revision
applied to legal translation by adapting the revision mode’s focus to ensure its effectiveness. Six common scenarios are
identified in light of the translators’ profiles, for which revisers’ profiles are then proposed in order to detect any legal
translation competence deficiencies among translators, and thus ensure quality.
Ganoderma boninense (basal stem rot of oil palm).
Authors: Paterson R. R. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Darmono (1998) described disease incidence of 51% in some areas of Sumatra, Indonesia. More recent estimation of disease is provided for Malaysia and Sumatra in Paterson (2019, a, b). Basal stem rot (BSR) infection of oil palms in Thailand remains low (Likhitekaraj and Tummakate, 2000): Pornsuriya et al. (2013) indicated that levels were at 1.53%, although they state that the disease was experienced widely in southern plantations. The BSR levels may be influenced by being contiguous with peninsular Malaysia where the disease levels are high (Paterson, 2019b). A scenario of 10% infection currently is a reasonable scenario for Thailand. Papua New Guinea has an important palm oil industry (Corley and Tinker, 2015). The level of BSR in Papua New Guinea is not as high as in some other areas of South-East Asia although 50% has been recorded (Pilotti, 2005; Pilotti et al., 2018). An average of 25% infection is a plausible scenario for this country as the initial level is lower than that used for Malaysia and Sumatra, Indonesia. The Philippines has an oil palm industry at a lower level than that of Thailand (Corley and Tinker, 2015). BSR will be low as the plantations have not been established recently (Woods, 2015) and distances between plantations will be high. Equally, there are no reports of infection by BSR in the literature. Hence a low level of BSR can be expected. BSR of oil palms has been recorded widely throughout the tropics and is considered as a serious disease in Africa and South America.
Orobanche cumana (sunflower broomrape).
Authors: Parker Chris 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

O. cumana is an obligatory, non-photosynthetic root parasite. It is believed to have evolved relatively recently from forms of O. cernua parasitizing wild Asteraceae, in particular species of Artemisia, and transferring to cultivated Helianthus annuus (sunflower). O. cumana is thought to be native to Eastern Europe (Russia) and has subsequently spread to most other sunflower growing regions of central and western Europe and Asia. The absence of O. cumana in sunflower growing regions of South America (for example Argentina) is believed to be associated with warmer winter temperatures not suitable for this species, rather than the seeds not being present. O. cumana can cause immense damage to cultivated sunflowers resulting in a significant decrease in yield. Despite resistant sunflower varieties being developed more virulent races of O. cumana have repeatedly evolved, or been selected, to overcome resistance. Thus, in spite of constant breeding efforts, losses continue in established sunflower growing areas and there is potential for it to invade new areas, wherever sunflower is grown.
Real space analysis of colloidal gels: triumphs, challenges and future directions
Authors: Royall C Patrick , Faers Malcolm A , Fussell Sian L , Hallett James E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Colloidal gels constitute an important class of materials found in many contexts and with a wide range of applications. Yet as matter far from equilibrium, gels exhibit a variety of time-dependent behaviours, which can be perplexing, such as an increase in strength prior to catastrophic failure. Remarkably, such complex phenomena are faithfully captured by an extremely simple model—‘sticky spheres’. Here we review progress in our understanding of colloidal gels made through the use of real space analysis and particle resolved studies. We consider the challenges of obtaining a suitable experimental system where the refractive index and density of the colloidal particles is matched to that of the solvent. We review work to obtain a particle-level mechanism for rigidity in gels and the evolution of our understanding of time-dependent behaviour, from early-time aggregation to ageing, before considering the response of colloidal gels to deformation and then move on to more complex systems of anisotropic particles and mixtures. Finally we note some more exotic materials with similar properties.
Stimulated Raman scattering in a plasma embedded with CNTs
Authors: Yadav Mamta , Kumar Ashok , Mandal Subhayan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Stimulated Raman scattering of a laser pump in a carbon nanotube (CNT) embedded plasma is studied. The CNT response to the laser field is anisotropic and modifies the electrostatic and electromagnetic modes significantly. For Raman backscattering, the growth rate increases due to the presence of CNTs. The enhancement is strong when frequency of the pump or one of the decay waves is near the surface plasmon resonance. Exactly at the resonance, the phase matching condition is not satisfied. For the normalized laser amplitude a0 = 0.01 at 1.06 micron wavelength, the growth time is typically in the sub-picosecond range. The linear damping of the Langmuir wave decreases the growth rate.
Responses of Halo Occupation Distributions: a new ingredient in the halo model & the impact on galaxy bias
Authors: Voivodic Rodrigo , Barreira Alexandre 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Halo occupation distribution (HOD) models describe the number of galaxies that reside in different haloes, and are widely used in galaxy-halo connection studies using the halo model (HM). Here, we introduce and study HOD response functions
R
𝒪

g
that describe the response of the HODs to long-wavelength perturbations 𝒪. The linear galaxy bias parameters b
𝒪

g
are a weighted version of b
𝒪

h
+ R
𝒪

g
, where b
𝒪

h
is the halo bias, but the contribution from R
𝒪

g
is routinely ignored in the literature. We investigate the impact of this by measuring the R
𝒪

g
in separate universe simulations of the IllustrisTNG model for three types of perturbations: total matter perturbations, 𝒪 = δ
h
; baryon-CDM compensated isocurvature perturbations, 𝒪 = σ; and potential perturbations with local primordial non-Gaussianity, 𝒪 ∝ f
NLϕ. Our main takeaway message is that the R
𝒪
g are not negligible in general and their size should be estimated on a case-by-case basis. For stellar-mass selected galaxies, the responses R
𝒪

g
and R
σ

g
are sizeable and cannot be neglected in HM calculations of the bias parameters b
ϕ

g
and b
σ

g
; this is relevant to constrain inflation using galaxies. On the other hand, we do not detect a strong impact of the HOD response R
1

g
on the linear galaxy bias b
1

g
. These results can be explained by the impact that the perturbations 𝒪 have on stellar-to-total-mass relations. We also look into the impact on the bias of the gas distribution and find similar conclusions. We show that a single extra parameter describing the overall amplitude of R
𝒪

g
recovers the measured b
𝒪

g
well, which indicates that R
𝒪

g
can be easily added to HM/HOD studies as a new ingredient.
Coordinate structure of feature geometrical location specifications
Authors: Glukhov V I , Varepo L G , Shalay V V , Simonenko K V , Belyaev P S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The paper proposes a systemic transition from the location and orientation of tolerance product features to linear and angular coordinates in the coordinate system of the product electronic model. The coordinate system is formed by designing datums set with a total informativeness content of six constrains on the object degrees of freedom, three of them being linear and three of them being angular constrains. The main design datums determine the object position in the product and form a generalized coordinate system. Auxiliary design datums determine the position of the attached object on the considered object and form an auxiliary coordinate system. Each element of the product has a certain informativeness content to limit the degrees of freedom, both linear and angular. When forming a Cartesian coordinate system, the datum element transfers piece or all of its informativeness content to it. As a result, the coordinate planes acquire different informativeness of three, two and one, and the coordinate axes acquire that of four, two and zero. The coordinate axes and planes informativeness content determines the number of linear and angular coordinates that can be set relative to them. Similarly, the feature datums informativeness means the number of linear and angular coordinates that must be specified in the coordinate system for its single-task location and orientation. The transition to a coordinate system for standardizing location and orientation deviations demonstrates compliance with a systematic approach that improves the quality of products in terms of the geometric specifications accuracy.