bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Social Relations and Economic Preparation for Retirement of One-Person Households
Authors: Sung Heayoung 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of middle-aged one-person households on social relations and economic preparation for retirement. In addition, even within one-person households, I attempted to determine the difference according to whether the cause of the households’ composition was separation after marriage or a one-person household without a spouse due to being unmarried, bereavement, or divorce. Methods: As a result of the analysis using the data of the 2019 Korean Social Survey of the National Statistical Office, single-person households had weaker economic conditions, social relations, and economic preparation for retirement when compared to multi-person households. One-person households lacked a social network to receive help when they face difficulties compared to multi-person households, but there was no effect on group activities or the satisfaction with human relationships. However, households with no spouse had a negative impact on the social network, group activities, and the satisfaction with human relationships. Conclusions: Middle-aged one-person households and one-person households with no spouse had a negative effect on economic preparation for retirement, when labor activity and asset variables were not considered. However, statistical significance was not found when these variables were considered.
Sleep Disturbance Among Older Korean Immigrants
Authors: Song Yeonsu , Kim Haesook , Lee Diane , Ryan Gery , Kramer B Josea , Martin Jennifer , Hays Ron , Choi Sarah 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Little is known about sleep disturbance among older Korean immigrants living in the United States. In this exploratory study, we conducted focus groups with 6 and phone interviews with 22 older Korean immigrants to explore and understand their sleep experiences. Three members of the research team fluent in Korean independently coded each focus group and phone interview transcript to identify underlying themes. The following themes emerged: Daytime naps were acceptable behaviors, particularly among those who were retired or not employed. Many reported worry and anxiety rumination behaviors that interfered with their sleep. In addition, praying, reading the bible, and singing hymns often occurred while in bed, and smartphone or tablet use was a frequent activity as well. Drinking alcohol and taking sleeping pills were used as a last resort to help with sleep, particularly among those who lived alone. Internal (e.g., biological urge, snoring, medical conditions) and external distractions (e.g., noise) contributed to nighttime awakenings. Living alone and worrying about the future made it difficult for some to return to sleep after awakening. Seeking advice from peers was a common behavior but did not seem to help with sleep. Calming activities such as reading a book, taking a shower, watch television, or writing a diary were routinely performed before bedtime. These findings are consistent with unhealthy sleep behaviors shown in other racial/ethnic minority older adults with poor sleep. Sleep education programs in Korean-speaking churches may be used to target those who are socially isolated and may benefit older Korean immigrants.
Trajectories of K-12 Schools and Demographic Differences: Evidence From 2017 Life History Mail Survey
Authors: Yu Wenshan , Li Xuefei , Smith Jacqui 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Besides information about the highest degree, little information about early-life education is available in most population surveys. This study identified the trajectories of K-12 education history among older adults in the Health and Retirement Study born between 1930 and 1960, and examined the associations with demographic variables. Drawing on 2017 Spring and Fall Life History Mail Survey (LHMS; n = 3,206), we used sequence analysis to determine and classify trajectories of school types across the education history. We identified five trajectories: 1) always private school with White students, 2) always public school with White students, 3) always public school with Non-White students, 4) mostly private school with Non-White students, and 5) no report of school types. The trajectories showed that changes in school type (i.e. private to public) often happened in grade 9. Changes rarely happened across race/ethnicity groups (i.e. mostly White to mostly non-White). We used multinomial logistic regression to examine the relationship between demographic variables and education trajectories. We found that compared to Black participants, White participants were significantly less likely to be in mostly Non-White schools (public and private schools, p&lt;0.001). The 1940s and 1950s cohort were more likely to join mostly White private schools than the 1930s cohort (odds ratio: 1.70 for 1940s and 1.62 for 1950s separately, p&lt;0.005). Our findings illustrate a novel application of sequence analysis with life history data, as well as new evidence on recial segregation in early-life education within the last century.
Positive Peripheral Social Network Members in Older Age: Global and Daily Appraisals of Social Partners
Authors: Growney Claire , English Tammy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Socioemotional selectivity theory suggests older adults maintain relationships with close social partners with whom they experience positive emotions. It is unclear how age and closeness predict social partner appraisals in different contexts. We examine semantic and experiential appraisals of positivity, as well as emotional outcomes. Participants (N = 258) aged 25-85 (M = 52.05, SD = 16.31) reported their general experience of enjoyment and conflict with social partners of varying closeness. In an experience sampling procedure (6x/day for 10 days), participants reported their current experience of emotions and information about their most recent social interaction: pleasure, discomfort, and relationship closeness with their social partner. Semantic (global) appraisals of relationships positively predicted experiential (daily) appraisals, and this association was stronger among relatively older adults. Results revealed older adults gave less negative appraisals compared to younger adults, regardless of closeness. Older adults reported more positive appraisals than younger adults for non-close relationships, whereas close relationships were evaluated positively regardless of age. For younger adults, interaction pleasure with non-close partners was less strongly linked to subsequent positive emotions than pleasure with close partners. For older adults, however, interaction pleasure predicted greater subsequent positive emotions regardless of relationship closeness. Overall, these findings suggest older adults’ positive appraisals of partners are not simply the result of emotionally gratifying memory distortions. Older adults may be able to derive emotional benefits from a wider variety of social interactions than younger adults, suggesting peripheral social network members can be leveraged to enhance emotional well-being in later adulthood.
Sensorimotor, Cognitive and Affective Barriers to Social Relations in Aging: A Dynamical Framework
Authors: Tognoli Emmanuelle , Wead Alice , McKinley Joseph , Beetle Christopher , Williams Christine 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Social interactions of all sorts (e.g. conversing, playing tennis, singing, strolling, etc.) rely on information flows between participants. The process of aging, however, can alter individuals’ sensorial, motor, cognitive and affective functioning in ways that may compromise their affinity for social interactions. For instance, hearing deficits or cognitive difficulties associated with word retrieval may contribute to disengagement from conversation and other forms of social interaction, which can lead to social retreat of the affected individuals. Strategies for mitigating such effects must take into account not only individuals’ own functional capacities, but also those of their partners in varying social contexts. Indeed, varied social contexts and diversity in partners can offer a beneficial balance of relational effort and comfort. For example, instead of comfortably strolling exclusively with partners of comparable cognitive and motor capabilities, strolling with faster partners can improve social engagement and long-term prospects for a wider range of social interactions. This work reviews an array of possible changes in individual abilities arising from both normal healthy aging and complications due to medical conditions, with an emphasis on their impact on interactions in varying social contexts and diverse groups of social partners. We incorporate theoretical models to explore a wide range of potential mitigation strategies, both for affected individuals and for other members of the social groups surrounding them. Our work focuses on healthy social aging over the long term, which is known to protect physical wellbeing, cognition and brain function.
Technology and Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Health Inequities Among Older Adults
Authors: Jutai Jeffrey , Tuazon Joshua 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults have been advised to stay-at-home to reduce the risk of infection. Social distancing and quarantine measures increase their vulnerability to adverse health outcomes like depression and cardiovascular disease. Technology is an effective tool to promote social connectedness among older adults affected by the pandemic; however, its role in reducing loneliness and health inequities is not well understood. The goal of this project was to construct a model for how technologies may be deployed to mitigate the impact of a pandemic on social isolation, loneliness, and health inequities for older adults. PubMed, SCOPUS, and PsychINFO were searched for the following keywords: “social isolation,” “loneliness,” “social support,” “resilience,” “technology,” “pandemic,” and “health inequities.” Articles selected for full analysis attempted to understand or observe how technology alleviates social isolation and/or loneliness among older adults. Research evidence indicates that using technology reduces loneliness directly and indirectly (by reducing social isolation) and can strengthen social support, which in turn promotes resilience among older adults. Video-based technologies encourage care-seeking behaviors in this population. There is insufficient evidence to determine technology’s relationship to health inequities experienced by older adults. The model we have proposed should help advance research on the relationship between technology and health inequities among older adults that may be aggravated by pandemic-like situations. We hypothesize that technology interventions for social support and functional competence should be sequenced in order to have the best effects on reducing health disparities.
Are Subacute Care Patients Living Longer?
Authors: Kejriwal Nidhi , Tello Samantha , Davis Brooke , Kubba Mira , Evans David , Gonzales Norma , Evans J Robert 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In order to provide prognostic information for gerontologists who regularly counsel families, we determined to measure the longevity of subacute patients who have feeding tubes and tracheostomies. This study compares two cohorts of patients: 2002-2006 and 2015-2019. T-tests were performed to compare the total days in acute care, the total survival days, and the number of hospital admissions between the two groups. Results revealed (2002-2006, 2015-2019), some variance in the acute care days between the two groups (M= 15.4186, 21.49438) and p= .66. There is a wide difference in the total survival days between the two groups with individuals from 2015-2019 living longer than 2002-2006 (M= 229.8198, 644.0449), p&lt; .001. However, there is no statistically significant difference in the number of hospital admissions between the two groups (M= 0.994186, 0.7752809), p= .09754. We hypothesize that advances in technology, medicine, and care over the span of 17 years contribute to increased longevity. On average, patients in the 2015-2019 group survived 414 days longer than the first group. Yet, even with such advances, more days were spent in acute care in the second group (2015-2019). Our data show subacute longevity has nearly tripled in the last decade. Although patients are living longer, they are often in a vegetative state; in most instances, there is no apparent improvement in quality of life. This study provides current data which will help gerontologists improve prognostication and allow them to form a more realistic long view of care.
Cognitive Stimulation Therapy in Outpatient Settings for Persons with Dementia
Authors: Zubatsky Max , Berg-Weger Marla , Amick Matthew , Blessing Debbie , Sansone Katelyn , Brende Anna , lundy Janice 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (CST) is a non-pharmacologic evidence-based intervention for persons living with mild to moderate dementia. This clinical intervention therapy follows a structured protocol designed to connect people with memory loss to others by providing opportunities for social engagement and group discussion of current events and a different themed activity each session. This presentation will include findings from a multi-site study of the group intervention conducted in an urban and two rural out-patient settings with community-dwelling older adults. Pre- and post-assessments captured data on cognitive function, depression, quality-of-life, and mobility. While CST is offered in over 30 countries, this is the first large-scale CST study conducted in the U.S. Implications for future practice and research will be presented.
Covid-19 in Hospitalized Patients Admitted from Skilled Nursing Facilities: Factors Associated with Mortality
Authors: Zhan Rongfang , Yin Cheng , O'Neill Liam 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Nursing home residents were impacted disproportionately by the coronavirus because of their vulnerabilities. Although many studies concentrated on risk factors associated with mortality of hospitalized patients, there were limited studies epitomizing them from skilled nursing facilities to hospitals. The study aims to identify inpatients’ characteristics on demographics, hospital admission types, insurance types, and chronic diseases associated with mortality among our cohort patients in Texas. Methods: Individuals above 50 years, diagnosed with Covid-19, and admitted from skilled nursing facilities were included in the retrospective cohort study. Pearson’s Chi-Square and Mann-Whitney tests were applied to measure four major perspectives between survivors and non-survivors. Then, a binary logistic regression was employed to determine the association between independent variables and mortality. Results: A total of 218 patients were included in the study, of which 54 (24.8%) died during hospitalization. According to the univariate analysis, expired patients were more likely to be emergency admission (p = 0.001), elective admission (p = 0.02), Medicaid as primary payment (p = 0.034), heart disease (p = 0.027), CKD (p = 0.03), and hypertension (p = 0.002). The binary logistic regression revealed that hypertension (OR = 3.176, 95% CI: 1.200-8.409, p = 0.02) and Medicaid (OR = 2.637, 95% CI: 1.287-5.405, p = 0.008) as primary payment had significantly high odds of mortality. Conclusion: Hypertension and Medicaid as primary payment are the strongest predictive factors associated with mortality and suggest that hospitals in Texas distribute critical care and resources while prevent and treat them to increase survival rates.
Development and validation of a measure of supervisory best practices in gerontological social work
Authors: Kaplan Daniel , Chan Keith 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Agency-based supervision is essential to skilled practice and staff retention, directly impacting the quality of services. The Supervisory Leaders in Aging (SLA) program was designed to strengthen supervision of the aging services workforce. SLA was implemented in four states and trained 134 social work supervisors. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel, comprehensive, and practice-informed measure of supervisory best-practices in gerontological social services. The primary outcome for the SLA program was the Practice Inventory for Supervision in Aging Services (PISAS), which evaluated the frequency of recent use of best practices as identified by the project team and vetted by instructors and an interdisciplinary advisory board. Reliability and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to examine its psychometric properties. Findings demonstrated the scale had good internal consistency reliability (ɑ = 0.88). Confirmatory factor analyses indicated a three-factor solution, 1) Gerontological Social Work Skills, 2) Program Development Skills, and 3) Supervision and Leadership Skills, accounting for 72% of the variability in the 27 items. Gerontological Social Work Skills captured best practices regarding mental health in late life, heightening awareness of elder abuse, and working with families. Program Development Skills captured assessment, measuring outcomes, and translating evidence into practice. Supervision and Leadership Skills captured individual supervision, group supervision and leadership in interdisciplinary practice. Results indicated that PISAS is a reliable and valid measure of use of best practices in gerontological social work supervision. Further implications and limitations of this measure in assessing outcomes of gerontological education and training programs are discussed.
Answering the Call for Diversity and Racial Equity: The National Association for Geriatric Education
Authors: Bennett Katherine , Rosich Rosellen , Edelman Linda , Gordon Barbara , Goroncy Anna , Severance Jennifer 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The National Association for Geriatric Education (NAGE) is a non-profit organization representing geriatric and gerontology programs, including Health Services and Resource Administration funded Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Programs (GWEPs), and Geriatric Academic Career Awardees (GACAs). NAGE responded to the renewed call to address systemic racism and racial inequities by forming a Diversity and Racial Equity Workgroup. The Workgroup explored ways to disseminate educational resources, support members to address racial inequities among older adults, promote increased diversity of the geriatrics/gerontology workforce, and support public policy initiatives that address racism and health disparities. Initial outputs include creating a Diversity and Racial Equity resource page, identifying liaisons to the Workgroup from each NAGE Committee to ensure impact across the organization, and organizing collaborations across GWEPs and GACAs to share successful initiatives. Future plans include education and advocacy with members and collaborating organizations to address systemic racism and racial health inequities impacting older adults.
Intergenerational Tutoring: Older Adults Supporting Children’s Academic Needs via Video Conferencing
Authors: Hoffman Jessica , Miller Edward , Burr Jeffrey , Mutchler Jan , Hermelbracht James , Volpe Robert , Codding Robin , Briesch Amy 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
COVID-19 resulted in societal disruptions across the lifespan. School (K-12) closures were among the most challenging impacts of the virus, leaving many parents with the burden of schooling their children at home. Another major impact of the virus was the social isolation and loneliness felt by many retired, older adults, who were sheltering at home. The disruptions of COVID-19 led our inter-professional team to develop the Intergenerational Tutoring program. Intergenerational Tutoring addresses a service delivery gap in schools because tutors expand schools' capacity to implement evidence-based instruction with students in need of individual support. At the same time, research shows that meaningful volunteering supports the well-being of older adults across physical, psychosocial and cognitive dimensions of health. The aim of the Intergenerational Tutoring program is to pair older adults with kindergarten children in high needs schools to implement early literacy interventions remotely via Zoom. Our poster will describe the Intergenerational Tutoring program including tutor training and tutoring implementation. We will summarize the initial findings from our pilot study conducted in spring and summer 2021 with tutors and children. Data will include (1) themes from tutor interviews regarding the personal meaningfulness of the program and the program’s associated benefits and challenges; (2) implementation fidelity data; (3) impact of tutoring on children’s early literacy skills; and (4) parent feedback. We will summarize lessons learned and next steps for the program.
Management challenges faced by administrators at dementia care nursing homes in China
Authors: Jiang Lin , Sun Fei , Bonifas Robin , Hodge David 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Currently, more than 10 million Chinese older adults have been diagnosed with dementia, a number that is expected to increase as the population in China rapidly ages. Yet, little research exists on dementia care in Chinese long-term care facilities. Our research addresses this gap in the knowledge-base by examining the challenges nursing home directors encounter as well as the coping strategies they employ to deal with these challenges. Twenty-one facility directors employed by faith-based nursing homes across 14 provinces in China participated in this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in respondents’ native language via phone or in person. Most respondents reported a religious affiliation, and about half were female and had been facility directors for more than four years. Two researchers fluent in Mandarin and English coded interview transcripts; thematic analysis was conducted to identify patterns in the data. The results indicated four primary challenges, which pertained to recruiting and retaining nursing staff, funding, lacking support from the government, and conflicts with family members. The coping strategies included obtaining and using external resources such as volunteer visitors, operationalizing personal spiritual beliefs, and providing training to improve skills and empathy among employees. This study contributes to nursing home practice by expanding our knowledge of culturally relevant dementia management strategies in China. Suggestions to address management challenges from a policy and practical perspective include clear and sustainable financial support from the government, staff training, and staff-resident ratio regulations, seeking external resources, and integrating spiritual strategies into problem management and service quality improvement.