bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chunk-wise regularised PCA-based imputation of missing data
Authors: Iodice D’Enza A. , Markos A. , Palumbo F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStandard multivariate techniques like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are based on the eigendecomposition of a matrix and therefore require complete data sets. Recent comparative reviews of PCA algorithms for missing data showed the regularised iterative PCA algorithm (RPCA) to be effective. This paper presents two chunk-wise implementations of RPCA suitable for the imputation of “tall” data sets, that is, data sets with many observations. A “chunk” is a subset of the whole set of available observations. In particular, one implementation is suitable for distributed computation as it imputes each chunk independently. The other implementation, instead, is suitable for incremental computation, where the imputation of each new chunk is based on all the chunks analysed that far. The proposed procedures were compared to batch RPCA considering different data sets and missing data mechanisms. Experimental results showed that the distributed approach had similar performance to batch RPCA for data with entries missing completely at random. The incremental approach showed appreciable performance when the data is missing not completely at random, and the first analysed chunks contain sufficient information on the data structure.
Micro-CT evaluation of rotary and reciprocating glide path and shaping systems outcomes in maxillary molar curved canals
Authors: Alovisi Mario , Pasqualini Damiano , Scotti Nicola , Carpegna Giorgia , Comba Allegra , Bernardi Mattia , Tutino Fabio , Dioguardi Mario , Berutti Elio 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe shaping outcomes after instrumentation with rotary and reciprocating glide path and shaping systems were evaluated through micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). Thirty extracted maxillary first molars were selected. Mesio-buccal canals were randomized into two groups (n = 15): rotary system ProGlider and ProTaper Next X1, X2 (PG-PTN) and reciprocating system WaveOne Gold Glider and WaveOne Gold Primary (WOGG-WOG). Specimens were micro-CT scanned before, after glide path and after shaping. Increase in canal volume and surface area, percentage of removed dentin from the inner curvature, centroid shift and canal geometry variation through ratio of diameter ratios (RDR) and ratio of cross-sectional areas (RA) were measured in the apical and coronal levels and at the point of maximum curvature. The number of pecking motions needed to reach the working length (WL) was recorded. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Turkey–Kramer tests were used (p < 0.05). Post-glide path analysis revealed that in the coronal third, RDR was more favorable to PG and centroid shift was lower for WOGG in the apical third. Post-shaping analysis showed a reduced removal of dentin and a more favorable RA for PTN at point of maximum curvature. The number of pecking motions up to WL resulted in different between groups both for glide path and shaping phases. Despite a higher dentin removal for reciprocating instruments at the point of maximum curvature, both systems seemed to produce well-centered glide path and shaping outcomes. Rotary and reciprocating systems seemed able to respect the original canal anatomy.
Leverage and Risk Taking under Moral Hazard
Authors: Hott Christian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I analyze the effectiveness of different capital regulations in mitigating the effects of moral hazard that exists only for systemically important banks. Leverage restrictions have the potential to reduce the fraction of banks that are systemically important but do not mitigate moral hazard for those that are. Risk adjusted requirements could mitigate moral hazard (of banks with low leverage) but do not affect (endogenous) systemic risk. A combination of both requirements as proposed by the Basel III framework can be successful, although only under restrictive conditions.
The Effects of NF-kB Inhibition with p65-TMD-Linked PTD on Inflammatory Responses at Peri-implantitis Sites
Authors: Jung Hyun Jung , Lee Won , Shin Jin-Su , Lee Sang-Kyou , Lee Jae Hoon 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe objective of this study was to find out if suppression of NF-kB complex function by p65-TMD-linked PTD could reduce host inflammation and bone resorption at peri-implantitis sites in rats. Twenty-one male 5-week-old SD rats were divided into three groups: untreated control group (A), silk-induced peri-implantitis group (B), and nt (nucleus transducible)-p65-TMD-treated, silk-induced peri-implantitis group (C). Implant sulcus of a rat in group C were divided into two groups, namely group Cp and Cb. Palatal implant sulcus where nt-p65-TMD solution was applied with an insulin syringe were assigned to group Cp. Buccal implant sulcus without topical nt-p65-TMD application were assigned to group Cb. H&E staining, TRAP staining, and immunohistological staining were done. The crestal bone levels of group A were significantly higher than those of group B at p<0.01. The crestal bone levels of group Cp were significantly higher than those of group Cb at p<0.05. H-E staining showed increased apical migration of junctional epithelium and inflammatory cells in group Cb. TRAP staining revealed more multinucleated osteoclasts in group Cb. As for immunohistological staining, group Cb showed many IL-6-positive cells while group Cp had none. In this study, p65-TMD-linked PTD inhibited NF-kB functions and reduced inflammation and bone resorption at peri-implantitis sites in rats.
Transcendent Experiences Among Pilgrims to Lourdes: A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Rahtz Emmylou , Warber Sara L. , Goldingay Sarah , Dieppe Paul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMillions of pilgrims visit Lourdes each year, often seeking revitalisation rather than miraculous cures. We sought to understand the phenomenon of transcendent experiences. We spoke with 67 pilgrims including assisted pilgrims, young volunteers and medical staff. About two in five reported a transcendent experience: some felt they had communicated or had close contact with a divine presence, while others reported a powerful experience of something intangible and otherworldly. Transcendent experiences are an important feature of pilgrimage to Lourdes and the place offers the faithful a means of connecting with the divine, with nature and with the self.
A Steepest Descent Method for Set Optimization Problems with Set-Valued Mappings of Finite Cardinality
Authors: Bouza Gemayqzel , Quintana Ernest , Tammer Christiane 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we study a first-order solution method for a particular class of set optimization problems where the solution concept is given by the set approach. We consider the case in which the set-valued objective mapping is identified by a finite number of continuously differentiable selections. The corresponding set optimization problem is then equivalent to find optimistic solutions to vector optimization problems under uncertainty with a finite uncertainty set. We develop optimality conditions for these types of problems and introduce two concepts of critical points. Furthermore, we propose a descent method and provide a convergence result to points satisfying the optimality conditions previously derived. Some numerical examples illustrating the performance of the method are also discussed. This paper is a modified and polished version of Chapter 5 in the dissertation by Quintana (On set optimization with set relations: a scalarization approach to optimality conditions and algorithms, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 2020).
Multi-Stranded Coronal Loops: Quantifying Strand Number and Heating Frequency from Simulated Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) Observations
Authors: Williams Thomas , Walsh Robert W. , Regnier Stephane , Johnston Craig D. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractCoronal loops form the basic building blocks of the magnetically closed solar corona yet much is still to be determined concerning their possible fine-scale structuring and the rate of heat deposition within them. Using an improved multi-stranded loop model to better approximate the numerically challenging transition region, this article examines synthetic NASA Solar Dynamics Observatory’s (SDO) Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) emission simulated in response to a series of prescribed spatially and temporally random, impulsive and localised heating events across numerous sub-loop elements with a strong weighting towards the base of the structure: the nanoflare heating scenario. The total number of strands and nanoflare repetition times is varied systematically in such a way that the total energy content remains approximately constant across all the cases analysed. Repeated time-lag detection during an emission time series provides a good approximation for the nanoflare repetition time for low-frequency heating. Furthermore, using a combination of AIA 171/193 and 193/211 channel ratios in combination with spectroscopic determination of the standard deviation of the loop-apex temperature over several hours alongside simulations from the outlined multi-stranded loop model, it is demonstrated that both the imposed heating rate and number of strands can be realised.
Can groups be genuine believers? The argument from interpretationism
Authors: Backes Marvin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn ordinary discourse we often attribute beliefs not just to individuals but also to groups. But can groups really have genuine beliefs? This paper considers but ultimately rejects one of the main arguments in support of the claim that groups can be genuine believers – the Argument From Interpretationism – and concludes that we have good reasons to be sceptical about the existence of group beliefs. According to the Argument From Interpretationism, roughly speaking, groups qualify as genuine believers because we can interpret (or predict) their behaviour in much the same way that we can interpret (or predict) the behaviour of individuals. While this argument may seem initially attractive, I argue that it is ultimately unsuccessful. In particular, I argue that the argument is unsuccessful even if one is generally sympathetic towards interpretationism. The reason for this, as we will see, is that a number of problems arise when we try to apply the interpretationist strategy – originally formulated with individual subjects in mind – to plural subjects or groups. In showing why the Argument From Interpretationism fails, the paper also brings into focus some more general constraints on the scope and applicability of interpretationism.
A photovoice assessment for illuminating the role of inland fisheries to livelihoods and the local challenges experienced through the lens of fishers in a climate-driven lake of Malawi
Authors: Simmance Fiona Armstrong , Simmance Alison Budden , Kolding Jeppe , Schreckenberg Kate , Tompkins Emma , Poppy Guy , Nagoli Joseph 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSmall-scale inland capture fisheries provide an important source of nutritious food, employment and income to millions of people in developing countries, particularly in rural environments where limited alternatives exist. However, the sector is one of most under-valued fisheries sectors and is increasingly experiencing environmental change. This study adopts a Sustainable Livelihoods Approach and investigates how important a fluctuating inland fishery is to livelihoods, and how local perceptions on challenges corresponds to global evidence. Through an innovative participatory method; photovoice, the lived experiences and perceptions of fishers are depicted. The findings illuminate the valuable role of the sector to food and nutrition security and the complex nexus with vulnerability to climate change. The study responds to the call for more local level assessments of the impacts of climate change on inland fisheries in data-limited environments, and the value of the sector in underpinning the Sustainable Development Goals.
Extraction of first permanent molars severely affected by molar incisor hypomineralisation: a retrospective audit
Authors: Brusevold I. J. , Kleivene K. , Grimsøen B. , Skaare A. B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate possible spontaneous space closure after extraction of first permanent molars in children and their eventual need for orthodontic treatment.MethodsTwenty-seven children with at least one first permanent molar planned for extraction were enrolled in the study. The children were referred to the Department of Paediatric Dentistry, University of Oslo, between 2009 and 2017. All extracted teeth were severely affected by Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation and/or caries. The children and their parents had consented to extraction and follow-up. Data were analysed with SPSS 26.ResultsThe age of the children was between 5.5 and 12.1 years (mean 8.7) at extraction. The mean follow-up time was 3.2 years (range 1.1–6.3). Sixteen children (59.3%) had all four molars extracted, five (18.5%) had three, five had two and one had one molar extracted. In the maxilla, the second permanent molar had erupted in the place of the first molar in all the children, and none of them needed orthodontic space closure. In the mandible, eight children (29.6%) needed orthodontic treatment to close the spaces after extraction. In three children, the second molar was not yet erupted and treatment need was not settled.ConclusionExtraction of severely affected first permanent molars before the eruption of the second molar is a treatment option causing little additional treatment in the majority of cases.
Scheming and Re-scheming: Secondary Mathematics Teachers’ Use and Re-use of Resources
Authors: Kayali Lina , Biza Irene 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this article, we examine secondary mathematics teachers’ work with resources using the Documentational Approach to Didactics lens. Specifically, we look at the resources and a teacher’s scheme of use (aims, rules of actions, operational invariants, and inferences) of these resources across a set of lessons (macro-level analysis) that aim towards students’ preparation for the examinations and how this use emerges in a set of three lessons on the same topic (micro-level analysis) as a response to contingent moments. We propose the terms scheming—a teacher’s emerging scheme of use related to the same set of resources used for the same aim—and re-scheming, namely, shifts in such scheming. Our analysis of lesson observations and the teacher’s reflections on his actions from a post-observation interview demonstrate the interplay between the stable characteristics of the scheme of use and the scheming and re-scheming in individual lessons. We conclude this article with a discussion on the methodological potential of using both macro- and micro-level analyses in the investigation of teachers’ use of resources.
Kommunikation des Evangeliums und Populäre Religion. Annäherung an ein Spannungsverhältnis am Beispiel des YouTube-Kanals „Jana glaubt“
Authors: Kühn Jonathan , Simojoki Henrik 
Published: June 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Verhältnis von Religion und populärer Kultur hat in der deutschsprachigen Religionssoziologie breite Aufmerksamkeit gefunden, ist aber bislang nur selten für die Untersuchung kirchlich verfasster Religionspraxis fruchtbar gemacht worden. Mit dem von der EKD mitgetragenen Online-Kanal „Jana glaubt“ erschließt der vorliegende Beitrag ein profiliertes und auch kontrovers diskutiertes Pionierprojekt im Schnittfeld von Populärer Religion und kirchlicher Glaubenskommunikation.Die Argumentationsführung erfolgt in sechs Schritten. Zunächst werden die für den Beitrag leitenden Theorieperspektiven – das von Hubert Knoblauch entwickelte Konzept Populärer Religion und der praktisch-theologische Leitbegriff der Kommunikation des Evangeliums – zusammengeführt und mit dem in der interdisziplinären Religionsforschung zugkräftigen Mediatisierungsansatz verbunden. Anschließend werden populärkulturelle Eigenlogiken von YouTube-Kommunikation expliziert, damit vor diesem Hintergrund die Adaption des Influencing-Genres im Kanal „Jana glaubt“ in ihrer Spezifizität erhellt werden kann. Weiter konkretisiert wird der Zugriff auf das Zusammenspiel von Populärer Religion, Kommunikation des Evangeliums und Mediatisierung in zwei exemplarischen Materialanalysen, die sich forschungsmethodisch an Jürgen Raabs Analysekonzept einer Visuellen Wissenssoziologie orientieren.Der Beitrag mündet in einer Zusammenfassung, die beide Seiten des erschlossenen Spannungsverhältnisses bündelt: Auf der einen Seite entsprechen die Gestaltungselemente in den Kanalvideos etablierten Standards personalisierter YouTube-Kommunikation. Zudem werden in den Video-Analysen für Populäre Religion grundlegende Dynamiken der Entgrenzung manifest: Kommunikation des Evangeliums wird öffentlich, indem das Private geteilt wird – in der Erwartung, dass gerade die subjektive Darstellung des Privaten den christlichen Glauben kommunikativ anschlussfähig macht. Auf der anderen Seite wirkt sich die kirchliche Einbettung transformativ auf die populärreligiösen Darstellungspraktiken aus. Dabei kommt es besonders bei Fragen der Authentizität und der Autorität zu teils konflikthaften Aushandlungsprozessen.
Validation of a semiautomated system for surveillance of surgical site infection after cesarean section
Authors: Shitrit Pnina , Mudrik Ravid , Gottesman Bat-Sheva , Chowers Michal Y. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSurveillance of surgical site infection after cesarean section is challenging due to the high volume of these surgeries. A manual chart review of women undergoing cesarean section between January and June 2017 (675 charts, 40 infections) was compared to charts identified via an algorithm (141 charts, 39 infections). The algorithm achieved 97.5% sensitivity and 83.9% specificity and reduced the workload of infection control personnel.
ApoA2–256T > C polymorphism interacts with Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Quality Index-International and Dietary Phytochemical Index to affect biochemical markers among type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: Esmaeily Zahra , Sotoudeh Gity , Rafiee Masoumeh , Koohdani Fariba 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSeveral investigations revealed the association between ApoA2 concentration and lipid profile, inflammation and oxidative stress markers. Dietary habits also play a major role in the health status of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed to investigate the interaction of ApoA2–256T > C with dietary indexes on ghrelin and leptin hormones together with biochemical markers among individuals with T2DM. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 726 randomly selected individuals with T2DM. A validated FFQ was used to evaluate Healthy Eating Index, Dietary Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and Dietary Phytochemical Index (DPI). ApoA2–256T > C genotypes were detected by real-time-PCR. Ghrelin, leptin and biochemical markers were also assessed. ANCOVA was used for the interaction between the polymorphism and dietary indexes. A significant interaction was observed between ApoA2–256T > C and DQI-I on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Besides, the interaction of the SNP and DPI significantly affected hs-CRP and 8-isoprostane F2α (PGF2α) levels. CC in the second tertile of DPI had the lowest hs-CRP level, and it was elevated due to adhering to DQI-I (Pinteraction = 0·01 and 0·04, respectively). Moreover, T-allele (protective allele) carriers with the highest level of PGF2α and SOD activity were those in the second tertile of DPI and DQI-I, respectively (Pinteraction = 0·03 and 0·007, respectively). SOD activity, hs-CRP and PGF2α concentration may be modified in T-allele carriers and CC by the adherence to DPI and DQI-I, though additional studies are required to confirm these findings.
Development of a cortical delay discounting assay: a potential biomarker of externalizing disorders
Authors: Sadeh Naomi , Miglin Rickie , Bounoua Nadia , Sheehan Ana , Spielberg Jeffrey M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeople who tend to impulsively choose smaller, sooner rewards over larger, later rewards are at increased risk for addiction and psychiatric disorders. A neurobiological measure of the tendency to overvalue immediate gratification could facilitate the study of individuals who are susceptible to these mental disorders. The objective of this research was to develop a cortical assay of impulsive choice for immediate rewards.MethodsA cortex-based assay of impulsive choice was developed using 1105 healthy adults from the Human Connectome Project, and then cross-validated in two independent samples of adults with elevated rates of psychiatric disorders.ResultsStudy 1: Cortical delay discounting (C-DD) was developed using a multivariate additive model of gray matter thickness across both hemispheres. Higher C-DD corresponded to thinner cortex and greater impulsive choice for immediate rewards. It also predicted cannabis use beyond established risk factors for drug use, including familial substance use, childhood conduct problems, personality traits, and cognitive functioning. Study 2: C-DD replicated the association with delay discounting performance from study 1. Structural equation modeling showed C-DD covaried with symptoms of externalizing, but not internalizing disorders. Study 3: C-DD positively predicted future delay discounting behavior (6–34 months later).ConclusionsAcross three studies, a cortical assay of impulsive choice evidenced consistent associations with drug use and delay discounting task performance. It was also uniquely associated with psychiatric disorders that share impulsivity as a core feature. Together, findings support the utility of C-DD as a neurobiological assay of impulsive decision-making and a possible biomarker of externalizing disorders.
Socioeconomic status correlates with measures of Language Environment Analysis (LENA) system: a meta-analysis
Authors: PIOT Leonardo , HAVRON Naomi , CRISTIA Alejandrina 
Published: June 2021

AbstractUsing a meta-analytic approach, we evaluate the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and children's experiences measured with the Language Environment Analysis (LENA) system. Our final analysis included 22 independent samples, representing data from 1583 children. A model controlling for LENATMmeasures, age and publication type revealed an effect size ofrz= .186, indicating a small effect of SES on children's language experiences. The type of LENA metric measured emerged as a significant moderator, indicating stronger effects for adult word counts than child vocalization counts. These results provide important evidence for the strength of association between SES and children's everyday language experiences as measured with an unobtrusive recording analyzed automatically in a standardized fashion.
A brief history of the term ‘habitable zone’ in the 19th century
Authors: Lingam Manasvi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe appellation ‘habitable zone’ in astrobiology in sooth evinces an overlooked and winding history that can be traced back to the 19th century. This paper sketches how this term from geography was generalized to encompass planetary habitability. The people involved in this narrative are numerous, but the bulk of their musings were rather nebulous. Yet, during this period appear the first true insights, although sadly this saga is not altogether sans blights.