bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources of pleasure in veterinary work: A qualitative study
Authors: Clise Madeleine H. , Matthew Susan M. , McArthur Michelle L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground: Despite the rise in positive psychology within organisational settings, less is known about the positive factors associated with veterinary work and veterinarian well‐being. This qualitative study investigated sources of pleasure for veterinarians.Method: A subset of archival data from a larger study on veterinary well‐being was analysed. The current study was based on data from 273 veterinarians responding to a Ten Statements Test (TST) and demographic questions. In the TST, participants provided up to 10 responses to the prompt, 'I derive pleasure in my work as a veterinarian when…'.Results: Using the job demands‐resources model as a framework, a total of 2536 responses were manually coded into themes relating to resources (positive responses) or demands (responses indicating a negative factor). In order of frequency, job resources are related to professional expertise (22%), positive outcomes (20%), job characteristics (19%), relationships (16%), recognition (10%), helping (7%) and personal resources (3%). Top job demands are related to stress and fatigue (17%) and poor work‐life balance (16%).Conclusion: The results suggest that there are an abundance of positive factors in veterinary work associated with feelings of pleasure, which may support veterinarian well‐being.
Brunner's gland hyperplasia and recurrent gastric impaction in a horse
Authors: Scarin Giulia , Guerzoni Kian , Pickles Kirstie , Chance Taylor , Eu Winsome 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWhile Brunner's gland hyperplasia may rarely be considered as a cause of chronic gastric impaction in horses, it should be included in the differential diagnoses. A 7‐year‐old Cob cross‐breed gelding was presented with weight loss over a 3‐week period, and a diagnosis of chronic gastric impaction was made. Initial medical management was successful; however, the impaction recurred a further three times, at progressively shorter intervals, over the following 3 months. The owners subsequently elected euthanasia, and the horse was submitted for post‐mortem examination. A focal nodule within the cranial part of the duodenum was seen during the post‐mortem exam. Histopathologic evaluation of the duodenum revealed a marked increase in Brunner's glands admixed with distinct lobules of exocrine pancreatic tissue.
Omental hemangiosarcoma in five dogs
Authors: Chu Kyle , Dugat Danielle , Nafe Laura , Ritchey Jerry 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFive dogs were diagnosed with omental hemangiosarcoma (HSA). Three of the dogs were Schnauzers. One dog was asymptomatic and four dogs presented with urinary or colonic obstruction. Computed tomography, performed in three cases, revealed a well‐circumscribed caudal abdominal mass that displaced local abdominal organs. Surgical exploration confirmed that the masses were associated with the omentum. The mass was removed in four cases and debulked in one. Histopathologic evaluation in all cases was consistent with HSA. One dog underwent adjuvant chemotherapy and survived 170 days, whilst adjuvant chemotherapy was declined in the other cases, with survival times ranging from 50–120 days. Omental HSA can result in clinical signs related to fecal or urinary obstruction due to the size of the mass and caudal location within the abdomen. Although omental HSA is a rare anatomic variant of HSA, it does behave similar to splenic and other visceral HSA, with a guarded prognosis.
Investigation of protective level of rabies antibodies in vaccinated dogs in Chennai, India
Authors: Yale Gowri , Sudarshan Sampada , Taj Shaheen , Patchimuthu Ganesan Irulappan , Mangalanathan Bharathi Vijaya , Belludi Ashwin Yajaman , Shampur Madhusudana Narayan , Krishnaswamy Tirumurugaan Gopalan , Mazeri Stella 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundRabies is still endemic in India causing an estimated 20,000 human deaths a year. Free roaming dogs and unvaccinated owned dogs play a major role in the maintenance of the disease. Dog vaccination is the most crucial aspect of rabies prevention and control strategies; therefore vaccine immunogenicity and longevity are important determinants of the efficiency of rabies control efforts.MethodsIn this study at Madras Veterinary College, India, a total of 297 serum samples were collected from owned dogs that were vaccinated against rabies. Data regarding age, gender, breed, neuter status and last date of vaccination were collected at the time of blood collection. The level of rabies virus neutralising antibodies in the sera of these dogs was measured through rapid focus fluorescence inhibition test. The factors associated with protective level of rabies antibodies in vaccinated dogs were investigated through multivariable regression analysis.ResultsThis cross‐sectional investigation shows that only 40% (119/297) of the all the dogs in the study showed presence of protective level of anti‐rabies antibodies, and 40% (72/180) of the dogs vaccinated within the last year showed presence of protective levels of antibodies causing concern about rabies vaccine quality and its impact on rabies control. The study also shows that older and neutered dogs are more likely to have protective titre among vaccinated dogs, while non‐descript breed dogs are less likely to have a protective titre compared to pure breeds.ConclusionIn this study 60% (108/180) of young prima dogs and adult dogs did not show protective levels of antibodies within the year of last rabies vaccination, although they had previous vaccination history. This high percentage of apparent non‐responders is a cause of concern of administration, distribution, storage, potency and quality management of vaccines in India.
Assessing protectionism and its impact from consumers' perspective: The case of Senegal's poultry import ban
Authors: Boimah Mavis , Weible Daniela 
Published: April 2021

AbstractImport ban, an extreme form of restriction prohibiting the trade of a good is implemented under different scenarios including an outbreak of a disease to prevent the spread of infection. While such a policy may have varying degrees of impact on different sectors of the domestic economy, end‐users of the good in question are key to providing useful information on its success or failure. In this regard, this study was conducted to assess the impact of Senegal's poultry import ban from consumers' perspective using focus group discussions. Themes arising from the analysis of the data show that the import ban has contributed to the development of the domestic poultry sector, providing jobs for many along the poultry value chain. Furthermore, the supply of domestic chicken has witnessed a surge contributing to an overall fall in prices. Notwithstanding, the ban is neglecting the group of consumers who are driven by convenience, product diversity, and safety when purchasing chicken meat. Modernization of the sector in relation to infrastructure for processing, storage, in addition to the education and training of actors on hygiene in the meat distribution chain are crucial if the gains made by the domestic poultry industry are to be sustained.
Detecting dark photons from atomic rearrangement in the galaxy
Authors: Eiger James , Geller Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
We study a new dark sector signature for an atomic process of “rearrangement” in the galaxy. In this process, a hydrogen-like atomic dark matter state together with its anti-particle can rearrange to form a highly-excited bound state. This bound state will then de-excite into the ground state emitting a large number of dark photons that can be measured in experiments on Earth through their kinetic mixing with the photon. We find that for DM masses in the GeV range, the dark photons have enough energy to pass the thresholds of neutrino observatories such as Borexino and Super-Kamiokande that can probe for our scenario even when our atomic states constitute a small fraction of the total DM abundance. We study the corresponding bounds on the parameters of our model from current data as well as the prospects for future detectors.
Plahte diagrams for string scattering amplitudes
Authors: Srisangyingcharoen Pongwit , Mansfield Paul 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Plahte identities are monodromy relations between open string scattering amplitudes at tree level derived from the Koba-Nielsen formula. We represent these identities by polygons in the complex plane. These diagrams make manifest the appearance of sign changes and singularities in the analytic continuation of amplitudes. They provide a geometric expression of the KLT relations between closed and open string amplitudes. We also connect the diagrams to the BCFW on-shell recursion relations and generalise them to complex momenta resulting in a relation between the complex phases of partial amplitudes.
Collider searches for scalar singlets across lifetimes
Authors: Fuchs Elina , Matsedonskyi Oleksii , Savoray Inbar , Schlaffer Matthias 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Spin-0 singlets arise in well-motivated extensions of the Standard Model. Their lifetime determines the best search strategies at hadron and lepton colliders. To cover a large range of singlet decay lengths, we investigate bounds from Higgs decays into a pair of singlets, considering signatures of invisible decays, displaced and delayed jets, and coupling fits of untagged decays. We examine the generic scalar singlet and the relaxion, and derive a matching as well as qualitative differences between them. For each model, we discuss its natural parameter space and the searches probing it.
Complex Eigenvalue Splitting for the Dirac Operator
Authors: Hirota Koki , Wittsten Jens 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe analyze the eigenvalue problem for the semiclassical Dirac (or Zakharov–Shabat) operator on the real line with general analytic potential. We provide Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization conditions near energy levels where the potential exhibits the characteristics of a single or double bump function. From these conditions we infer that near energy levels where the potential (or rather its square) looks like a single bump function, all eigenvalues are purely imaginary. For even or odd potentials we infer that near energy levels where the square of the potential looks like a double bump function, eigenvalues split in pairs exponentially close to reference points on the imaginary axis. For even potentials this splitting is vertical and for odd potentials it is horizontal, meaning that all such eigenvalues are purely imaginary when the potential is even, and no such eigenvalue is purely imaginary when the potential is odd.
Dissolution of wood components during hot water extraction of birch
Authors: Wojtasz-Mucha Joanna , Hasani Merima , Theliander Hans 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAutohydrolysis-based pretreatments enable extraction of hemicellulose from wood tissue prior to the paper pulp cooking processes enabling their further use as platform chemicals and in material applications. In this study, hot water extraction of birch meal was conducted in a small flow-through system. The combination of high surface area of the milled material with increased driving force induced by constant flow of freshwater, together with fast evacuation of extract, enabled a detailed study of the dissolution process. Based on the findings, deeper insight into acidification and autohydrolysis progress was obtained.
Evaluation and Management Outcomes and Burdens in Patients with Refractory Chronic Cough Referred for Behavioral Cough Suppression Therapy
Authors: Slovarp Laurie J. , Jetté Marie E. , Gillespie Amanda I. , Reynolds Jane E. , Barkmeier-Kraemer Julie M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to investigate the typical symptoms and medical management characteristics of adult patients with refractory chronic cough (RCC) who are referred to speech-language pathology (SLP) for behavioral cough suppression therapy (BCST) in order to estimate cost-effectiveness and efficiency of current practice patterns for this population.

Methods
One hundred sixty-four (164) patients with RCC referred for BCST were surveyed. Patients completed an initial survey at BCST onset related to symptom pattern and prior treatment, including the Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ). Every four to six weeks patients completed follow-up surveys to assess their response to BCST.

Results
Mean age was 58 years (83.5% women). The majority of patients reported their cough began two or more years prior to BCST. Approximately half (49%) reported seeing four or more physicians (including primary care physicians) and being prescribed four or more medications (57%) prior to BCST. Medications targeting post-nasal drip (72%), reflux (70%), asthma (56%), and allergies (56%) were most commonly prescribed. BCST resulted in a clinically significant improvement in 70.1% of participants. The mean change in LCQ for those who improved with BCST was 6.61. Over half (58%) reported they were quite satisfied to completely satisfied with their treatment response. The average time from enrollment to study completion was 64 days.

Conclusion
The results of this study suggest early intervention with BCST may be a cost-effective and efficient option for patients with RCC.
Evidence for the transfer of methadone and EDDP by sweat to children’s hair
Authors: Feld Katharina , Dahm Patrick , Kieliba Tobias , Klee Axel , Rothschild Markus A. , Andresen-Streichert Hilke , Beike Justus 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn cases where there is a question as to whether children have come into contact with drugs, examinations of their scalp hair are frequently carried out. Positive test results are often discussed in the forensic community due to the various possible modes via which drugs and their metabolites can be incorporated into the hair. These include drug uptake by the child (e.g. oral ingestion or inhalation), but also contamination of hair via contact with the sweat from drug users. In this study, the possibility of methadone and its metabolite EDDP being incorporated into children’s hair by contact with sweat from persons undergoing opiate maintenance therapy (methadone) was examined. The transfer of methadone and EDDP via sweat from methadone patients (n = 15) to children’s hair was simulated by close skin contact of drug-free children’s hair, encased in mesh-pouches, for 5 days. Sweat-collecting patches (hereafter referred to as ‘sweat patches’) were applied to the test persons’ skin. One strand of hair and one sweat patch were collected daily from each patient. Analyses were performed using GC–MS/MS (hair) and LC–MS/MS (serum, sweat patches). After 4 days of skin contact, methadone was detectable in the formerly drug-free hair strands in all 15 study participants. EDDP was detectable in 34 of 75 hair strands, with the maximum number of positive results (11 EDDP-positive hair strands) being detected after 5 days. These results show that transfer of methadone and EDDP to drug-free hair is possible through close skin contact with individuals taking part in methadone substitution programmes. A correlation between serum concentration, sweat concentration and substance concentration in hair strands could not be demonstrated, but a tendency towards higher concentrations due to longer contact time is clearly evident.
A technique for obtaining true approximations for k-center with covering constraints
Authors: Anegg Georg , Angelidakis Haris , Kurpisz Adam , Zenklusen Rico 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThere has been a recent surge of interest in incorporating fairness aspects into classical clustering problems. Two recently introduced variants of the k-Center problem in this spirit are Colorful k-Center, introduced by Bandyapadhyay, Inamdar, Pai, and Varadarajan, and lottery models, such as the Fair Robust k-Center problem introduced by Harris, Pensyl, Srinivasan, and Trinh. To address fairness aspects, these models, compared to traditional k-Center, include additional covering constraints. Prior approximation results for these models require to relax some of the normally hard constraints, like the number of centers to be opened or the involved covering constraints, and therefore, only obtain constant-factor pseudo-approximations. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to deal with such covering constraints that leads to (true) approximations, including a 4-approximation for Colorful k-Center with constantly many colors—settling an open question raised by Bandyapadhyay, Inamdar, Pai, and Varadarajan—and a 4-approximation for Fair Robust k-Center, for which the existence of a (true) constant-factor approximation was also open. We complement our results by showing that if one allows an unbounded number of colors, then Colorful k-Center admits no approximation algorithm with finite approximation guarantee, assuming that $$\mathtt {P}\ne \mathtt {NP}$$

P
≠
NP

. Moreover, under the Exponential Time Hypothesis, the problem is inapproximable if the number of colors grows faster than logarithmic in the size of the ground set.
About the Use of Entropy Production for the Landau–Fermi–Dirac Equation
Authors: Alonso R. , Bagland V. , Desvillettes L. , Lods B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we present new estimates for the entropy dissipation of the Landau–Fermi–Dirac equation (with hard or moderately soft potentials) in terms of a weighted relative Fisher information adapted to this equation. Such estimates are used for studying the large time behaviour of the equation, as well as for providing new a priori estimates (in the soft potential case). An important feature of such estimates is that they are uniform with respect to the quantum parameter. Consequently, the same estimations are recovered for the classical limit, that is the Landau equation.
On the Logic of Belief and Propositional Quantification
Authors: Ding Yifeng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe consider extending the modal logic KD45, commonly taken as the baseline system for belief, with propositional quantifiers that can be used to formalize natural language sentences such as “everything I believe is true” or “there is something that I neither believe nor disbelieve.” Our main results are axiomatizations of the logics with propositional quantifiers of natural classes of complete Boolean algebras with an operator (BAOs) validating KD45. Among them is the class of complete, atomic, and completely multiplicative BAOs validating KD45. Hence, by duality, we also cover the usual method of adding propositional quantifiers to normal modal logics by considering their classes of Kripke frames. In addition, we obtain decidability for all the concrete logics we discuss.
The demand impacts of train punctuality in great britain: systematic review, meta-analysis and some new econometric insights
Authors: Wardman Mark , Batley Richard 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper updates and extends the systematic review and meta-analysis of Wardman and Batley (Transportation 41:1041–1069, 2014), which hitherto was the most comprehensive study of the impacts of punctuality on passenger rail demand in the literature. Whereas the 2014 paper covered 51 elasticities from 6 studies in Great Britain published between 2003 and 2011, this updated paper adds 11 subsequent British studies yielding a further 201 observations. The meta-model recovers a range of significant effects, relating to whether the elasticity was short versus long run, flow type and distance, season versus nonseason tickets, the relevant measure of lateness, and whether the purpose of the study was specifically the estimation of late time elasticities. Allowance was also made for study quality-related issues. The data indicated that, despite dynamic models being commonplace, there is some uncertainty as to how long the long run is. Alongside the meta-model, the paper also reports new econometric evidence that addresses some gaps in existing evidence and knowledge, especially in relation to functional form and non-linearity of effects. Findings from both strands of analysis would seem to suggest that rail industry guidance has tended to overstate the demand impacts of punctuality.
The classification of education in surveys: a generalized framework for ex-post harmonization
Authors: Schneider Silke L. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAll social science (and many other) surveys measure respondents’ educational attainment. However, most of them do it in different ways, resulting in incoherent education variables across surveys. This complicates the cumulation of different datasets and hampers survey data reuse. For cross-national surveys that are designed to be comparative from the outset, methods for ensuring comparability in the measurement of education across countries have improved substantially over the last decades, relying onex-anteoutput harmonization. Forex-postharmonization, the situation is more difficult because the data have already been collected, with education measures that only partly overlap in the amount and kind of information they store about respondents’ education. This results in aggregated measures when harmonizing data ex-post. Such aggregated measures may underestimate associations with education in multivariate analyses, leading to biased results. They also do not allow testing hypotheses on the effects of specific types of education, such as vocational programs. This paper presents a new framework for harmonizing education variables ex-post, building on the International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) and experience from cross-national surveys using ex-ante harmonization. It includes a new coding scheme called ‘generalized ISCED’ or GISCED, and extension variables standardizing aspects of education not covered by ISCED. It proposes solutions for problems that specifically occur in ex-post harmonization, for example source categories spanning ISCED levels. The paper also shows how to apply the GISCED framework to existing data. An empirical illustration shows how detailed harmonized education measures may give insights for research and policy not possible with more aggregate measures.
Performance evaluation of DNS servers to build a benchmarking system of DNS64 implementations
Authors: Lencse Gábor , Pivoda Attila , Shima Keiichi 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDNS64 is an important IPv6 transition technology that facilitates the communication of an IPv6 only client with an IPv4 only server, which becomes a more and more common scenario. Several different DNS64 implementations exist, and their performance is a relevant decision factor for network operators. RFC 8219 has defined a benchmarking methodology for DNS64 servers, which requires the operation of an authoritative DNS server at 220% of the query rate used for DNS64 benchmarking. In this paper, we aim to build an authoritative DNS server that operates at 2.2 million qps (queries per second) rate, thus it facilitates DNS64 benchmarking up to 1,000,000 qps rate. To that end, we compare the performance of BIND, YADIFA, NSD, Knot DNS and FakeDNS (a special purpose software) to find the best suiting one of them. We fully disclose the details of our measurements including the configuration of the DNS implementations, the usage of our improved software tester called dns64perf ++, and the details of the hardware and software measurement environment in the NICT StarBED, Japan. We perform a series of measurements to examine, how the performance of the tested solutions scale up with the number of the active CPU cores from 1 to 32. Besides their performance, we also measure their memory consumption and zone load time. We present and discuss all the results. In addition to successfully building an authoritative DNS server with the required performance, we also make recommendations, which solutions suit to different special needs.