bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSX-A-6 Late-Breaking: Conventional vs Heritage cattle supplement intake, weight-gains, and body condition scores on Chihuahuan desert pasture
Authors: McIntosh Matthew M , Estell Richard , Cibils Andres , Cox Andrew , Nyamuryekung’e Shelemia , Duni Danielle , Duff Glenn C , Spiegal Sheri , Brandani Carolina , Utsumi Santiago , Gouvêa Vinícius N 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Use of adapted beef cattle biotypes is gaining momentum as a novel management strategy for limiting the environmental footprint of ranching and adapting to climate change in the southwest. We compared supplement intake (SI), calf birthweights, cow weights, and body condition scores (BCS) of desert-adapted Brangus (BR; n = 15) vs. Raramuri Criollo (RC; n = 28) cows in four adjacent pastures (1098±85 ha) for three months (Mar 7 – Jun 9, 2020) using ANOVA for a RCBD (significance at P &lt; 0.05). Cows had ad libitum access to 18% crude protein lick tubs in all pastures, which were weighed weekly to determine SI. Brangus cows had greater SI than RC, both overall (BR: 0.21±0.04 vs. RC: 0.08±0.03 kg×cow×d-1) and on a metabolic bodyweight basis (BR: 2.31±0.09 vs. RC: 0.95±0.09 g×kg0.75). All cows were bred to Brangus bulls and calf birth weights were not different between biotypes (BR: 31.5 ± 1.0; RC: 29.6±0.9 kg). Brangus cows weighed more at the beginning (535.0±14.8 kg) and end (582.2±14.5 kg) of the study compared to RC (beginning: 345.5±11.8 kg; end: 357.0±12.0 kg). Percent of bodyweight change was not different between biotypes (BR: 8.51±2.35; RC: 2.85±1.81 %). On a 1 to 5 scale, BCS of Brangus (4.06±0.09) was greater than RC (3.18 ± 0.07) at the onset of the study, but biotypes had similar BCS at the end of the trial (BR: 4.09 ± 0.09; RC: 3.89±0.08). Our preliminary results indicate that lighter RC cows were capable of gaining bodyweight and improving BCS with reduced SI, both overall and on a metabolic bodyweight basis. This finding may reflect lower nutrient requirements, better relative efficiencies and lesser grazing impacts on desert rangelands by RC cattle. Future studies will seek to replicate these breed-comparison trials over multiple years, research sites, and supply chains, with an emphasis on overall systems production efficiency and sustainability.
PSX-A-3 Late-Breaking: Analysis of serum chemistry for metabolic function in GnRH-II receptor knockdown and littermate control boars
Authors: Ross Caitlin E , Desaulniers Amy T , Cederberg Rebecca A , Mills Ginger A , Lents Clay A , White Brett R 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Pigs are the only livestock species encoding functional proteins for both the second form of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH-II) and its receptor (GnRHR-II), which are uniquely expressed in reproductive and non-reproductive tissues. To examine the physiological role of the GnRH-II/GnRHR-II system, we produced a swine line with reduced endogenous levels of GnRHR-II (GnRHR-II KD); males exhibit 70% diminished testicular GnRHR-II mRNA levels and 82% reduced circulating testosterone concentrations. Given that testosterone impacts metabolism, blood was collected from GnRHR-II KD (n = 5) and littermate control (n = 5) boars via indwelling jugular catheters, with serum isolated and subjected to veterinary diagnostic panels for metabolic analyte examination (PhysLab, Lincoln, NE). Statistical analyses utilized the MIXED procedure of SAS; the model included line as fixed and litter as random effects. Creatine kinase and blood urea nitrogen (BUN):creatinine ratios were elevated, creatinine was reduced (P &lt; 0.01), and thyroxine tended to be decreased (P &lt; 0.10) in GnRHR-II KD compared with control boars. Glucose, BUN, amylase, and lipase levels were not different. Liver products differed in transgenic versus control boars; levels of lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST; ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were higher, whereas AST:ALT ratios, total protein, albumin, and globulin levels were lower (P &lt; 0.05) in GnRHR-II KD boars. Albumin:globulin ratios and bilirubin (total and direct) did not differ. Additionally, serum cholesterol was decreased (P &lt; 0.05), non-high density lipoproteins (HDLs) and low density lipoproteins (LDLs) tended to be decreased (P &lt; 0.10), and triglycerides, HDLs, and cholesterol:HDL ratios did not differ between GnRHR-II KD and control males. These data suggest metabolic disruption in GnRHR-II KD boars, which may be due to suppressed gonadal steroidogenesis or ubiquitous knockdown of GnRHR-II expression. Supported by USDA/NIFA AFRI (2017-67015-26508) and Hatch Multistate (NEB-26–244) funds. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
PSXV-28 Late-Breaking: Impact of beef genotypes and finishing systems on beef consumer acceptability and the effect of demographic factors on consumer sensory preferences
Authors: de Faria Maciel Isabella Cristina F , Schweihofer Jeannine P , Fenton Jenifer I , Hodbod Jennifer , McKendree Melissa , Cassida Kim , Rodrigues Patricia , Rowntree Jason E 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Beef genotypes and diets can improve the eating quality and consistency of beef. A 2-yr study was conducted to evaluate the effects of beef genotypes and diet on consumer acceptability of beef. Steaks were from Red Angus (RA) and RA x Akaushi (AK) crossbreed, fed one of two finishing systems: grazing (GRASS) and feedlot (GRAIN). Consumers (n = 105 in each year) evaluated cooked steaks for flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability using a 9-point hedonic scale. Demographical information was collected and used as covariates in the statistical model. There was no difference in sensory attributes (P &gt; 0.05) between the genotypes, except that steaks from AK tended to be juicier than RA (P = 0.06). Sensory attributes were scored better in GRAIN than GRASS beef (P &lt; 0.01) for all variables. There was a genotype by system interaction for flavor (P = 0.02), where beef from RA had a lower flavor rating in GRASS than in GRAIN, and no difference was observed for AK. Demographic effects showed that gender and beef consumption location had significant effects on flavor. Flavor scores were higher for females than males (6.1 vs 5.7, P = 0.02), and higher from consumers who eat beef in restaurants than consumers who do not eat beef in restaurants (6.6 vs 5.3, P &lt; 0.01). Juiciness scores were impacted by the frequency of beef consumption. Panelists who eat beef once every 2–3 weeks rated the steaks juicier than those who eat beef once every 2–3 months (6.5 vs 4.3, P = 0.04), and consumers who eat grass-fed beef twice a year rated the steaks worse than those who eat it less than once a year (P = 0.02). Our results suggest that the beef finishing system had a marked impact on consumer acceptability, and AK might produce meat juicier than RA. Some demographic factors may influence consumer perceptions of beef.
PSXV-26 Late-Breaking: Effects of feeding haylage on the reproductive performance of 2-year-old beef cattle raised in a sustainable production system at Berea college farm
Authors: Winspare Madison , Baptiste Quinn , Knights Marlon , Harned Robert , Dean Zen 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Effects of winter feeding haylage on the growth and reproductive performance of late weaned, summer breeding, rotationally grazed, selectively bred mixed breed cattle (n =90) raised at Berea College Farm during 2015 to 2021 were evaluated. Cattle were grouped based on the year in which they turned 2 years old (2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021). The 2017 group alone was not fed haylage. Initial data indicated that maintenance of a pre-ruminant gastrointestinal tract during the early developmental years under our management is the main factor impacting cattle performance. Indeed, despite similar birth weights, weaning and yearling weights were numerically higher in 2018 and 2019 compared to 2017 cattle. Significantly higher weaning and yearling weights (264.47 vs 229.37kg and 306.60 vs 253.03kg; P &lt; 0.05) were observed in 2020 versus 2017 cattle, respectively. Additionally, 2018 (426.83kg) but not 2019 (387.38kg) cattle had higher (P &lt; 0.05) liveweights than 2017 (398.93kg) cattle at yearling pregnancy check. At the 2nd breeding, 2018 cattle maintained numerically higher weights than 2019. However, the higher liveweights observed for 2018 cattle compared to that of 2017 cattle at the yearling pregnancy check, was reversed in the following year at the 2-year-old pregnancy check. Consequently, pregnancy rates at the yearling pregnancy check did not differ (89.47 vs 91.67%) but numerically lower retention (31.8 vs 50%) and pregnancy rates (50 vs 75%) were observed for 2018 cattle than 2017 cattle by the 2-year-old pregnancy check, respectively. Additionally, 55% the 2018 cattle displayed ovarian activity and 50% of the 2019 cattle displayed estrus prior bull introduction. In 2019 cattle, 92% were cyclic before introduction of the bull and a 91% estrus response was detected during the breeding season. Feeding haylage promoted growth and reproductive performance of cattle but apparently did not alleviate 2019 drought induced dystocia occurrences during 2020 and 2021 calving seasons.
PSXV-29 Late-Breaking: Investigating use of machine learning algorithms to predict days in herd for commercial beef cattle
Authors: Manafiazar Ghader , Riazi Mohammad , Basarab John A , Li Changxi , Stothard Paul , Plastow Graham 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the potential of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms to increase the accuracy of predicting individual days in the herd (an indicator of stayability) using reproductive records and genomic information. A total of 6943 cows from 3 herds with reproductive performance were included in the study from which 696 cows had genomic information (genotyped using Illumina Bovine 50k SNP BeadChip). Different libraries based on R and Python were used to test various ML models including Lazy Predict, Scikit-learn, PyCaret, and H2O Flow. Genomic information was subjected to quality control by removing SNPs with an allele frequency less than 0.05 or with a call rate lower than 0.95. A total of 42,689 SNP remained for further analysis and accounted for 11% of phenotypic variation (heritability of 0.11±0.02) in DIH. Different numbers of SNPs (500 SNPs, 1K, 5K, 10K, and 15K) were selected based on their contribution to phenotypic variation from GWAS and were included in the models. Model performance measures, such as mean absolute error (MAE) and mean square of error (MSE), worsened with increased SNPs in the model. Bayesian Ridge algorithm using 500 top SNPs contributed to the phenotypic variance, had the best performance to predict DIH with MAE of 612.6 and R2 of 0.52 in the training population using PyCaret program. When BWT and WWT were added to the model, in addition to SNPs, little change was observed in the model’s performance. Overall, we concluded that ML models had better performance compared to the conventional modeling approach and genomic analysis; CatBoost model had 55% lower mean square of error compared to the simple linear regression (734650 vs 1637410). The results suggest that ML tools have the potential to improve the accuracy of predicting DIH compared to simple linear regression and conventional genomic analysis.
PSXVI-28 Late-Breaking: Effects of Preconditioning (Value Added Programs) on the Health, Performance, Mannheimia haemolytica, and Pasteurella multocida in Cattle Received on Winter Wheat Pasture
Authors: Brooks Josiah M , Randall Jennifer , Steiner Robert , Briggs Robert , Duff Glenn C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a persistent health problem impacting the beef industry. Research shows improved health and performance in preconditioned (PRECON) calves compared with nonpreconditioned (NONPRE) or commingled (COMM) calves received in the feedlot but little research has been focused on calves received on winter wheat pasture prior to feedlot entry. Our objective for this presentation is to investigate the effects of preconditioning on the health and performance of newly received beef calves on winter wheat pasture. Mixed breed steers (n = 145) were purchased from an auction barn in Dalhart, Texas, as PRECON (n = 70) or NONPRE (n = 75) and were transported to the Clayton Livestock Research Center in Clayton, New Mexico, for this 112-d study trial. Three treatments were used in this completely randomized design: PRECON (n = 50), NONPRE (n = 50) and COMM (n = 45). Upon arrival, steers were offloaded into separate pens. On d 0, steers were processed using a standard health protocol along with collection of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs, randomly allocated to treatment, and released onto a 120-acre winter wheat pasture split into three paddocks with a common water source; weights were collected again on d 2, 90, and 112. There were no statistical differences in morbidity and mortality rates between treatments. Weight gain was analyzed using PROC GLM of SAS from d 0 to d 90. COMM steers had greater weight gains than PRECON (P = 0.04) and NONPRE (P = 0.02) steers. NP swabs were used to show the distribution of Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) serotype A1, A2, and A6 and Pasteurella multocida (PM) by day and by treatment. No statistical differences were observed in serotype distribution of MH A1, A2, or A6 or in PM. PRECON steers displayed no health or performance advantage over NONPRE or COMM steers.
PSXVI-29 Late-Breaking: Effect of dietary organic acids supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health in weaned pigs
Authors: Lee Jinyoung , Kim Jong Woong , Hall Heidi , Nyachoti Martin 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different organic acid (OA) mixtures on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and gut health in weaned pigs. A total of 56 weaned pigs (7.93 ± 1.04 kg BW) were assigned to 4 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 7 replicates per treatment for a 35-d study conducted over two phases; phase 1 (d 1 to 14) and phase 2 (d 14 to 35). Each pen had two pigs balanced for sex. Diets consisted of 1) a corn-soybean meal-basal without any additive (negative control, NC); 2) NC + formic and propionic acids (TRT1); 3) NC + butyric, formic, and propionic acids (TRT2); and 4) NC + antibiotic (positive control, PC). Individual pig body weight and feed disappearance were recorded weekly. At the end of each phase, blood and feces were sampled. The female pig in each pen was euthanized on d 35 to collect digesta and intestinal tissue. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS. During the overall period, ADG tended to be lower (P = 0.069) in the TRT2 group than in the PC group. Diet had no effect on ADFI during the overall period, but G:F of pigs fed the PC and TRT1 diets tended to be higher (P = 0.059) than that of the NC diet. No effects of OA supplementation were observed on nutrient digestibility and blood cytokine. Jejunal villus height to crypt depth ratio was higher (P &lt; 0.05) in TRT1-fed pigs than that of NC-fed pigs. Pigs fed the TRT2 diet had a higher (P &lt; 0.05) fecal abundance of Bifidobacteria than those fed the PC diet in phase 1. In conclusion, dietary OA supplementation had positive effects on growth performance and gut health but no effect on nutrient digestibility in weaned pigs.
PSVI-22 Comparison of quality characteristics, palatability, and serum biochemical parameters between normal and PSE-like condition chickens
Authors: Lee Boin , Kim Jae Yeong , Choi Young Min 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the meat quality traits, palatability, and serum biochemical parameters between normal and pale, soft, and exudative (PSE)-like condition chickens to better understand the mechanisms leading to impairment of meat quality. A total of 60 commercial broilers were obtained at the same slaughterhouse in three batches (20 chickens per batch). During exsanguination, the blood glucose (BG) levels were immediately measured and obtained plasma samples were used for the measurements of serum biochemical parameters, including calcium, cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and serotonin. After 24 h postmortem, the meat quality measurements were conducted using the whole left pectoralis major (PM) muscles, and chickens were then classified into normal and PSE-like condition (L* &gt; 53 and pH24 h &lt; 5.7) groups. The right PM muscles were used for the sensory quality evaluation. As expected, marked differences were observed in pH 24 h (5.86 vs. 5.63, P &lt; 0.001) and lightness (50.9 vs. 57.0, P &lt; 0.001) between the Normal and PSE-like conditions. Moreover, the PSE group showed a higher cooking loss compared to the Normal group (13.9 vs. 12.8%, P &lt; 0.05). For the organoleptic characteristics, chicken breast from the PSE group exhibited a lower score of tenderness conducted by trained panelists compared to breast from the Normal group (5.38 vs. 5.82%, P &lt; 0.05), even though there were no differences in values of juiciness, flavor, and off-flavor intensity between the groups (P &gt; 0.05). The PSE-like group had significantly higher values of BG (266.7 vs. 256.2 mg/dl, P &lt; 0.05) and calcium (11.4 vs. 10.9 mg/dl, P &lt; 0.05) and lower value of AST (228.3 vs. 247.5 U/l, P &lt; 0.05) compared to the Normal group. Thus, the occurrence of PSE-like condition could be related to serum biochemical parameters, especially BG, calcium, and AST.
PSVI-27 Relationship of volatile compounds and consumer sensory traits from New Zealand grass-fed and American grain-fed beef strip loins varying in marbling level and wet aging time
Authors: Tilton Travis J , Lucherk Loni W , Tennant Travis C , Lawrence Ty E , O’Quinn Travis , Legako Jerrad F , Brooks Chance , Miller Mark F 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Cattle diet, marbling and wet aging can affect eating quality and consumer preference of beef. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship of cooked volatile compounds and consumer sensory traits of New Zealand grass-fed strip loin steaks in comparison to US grain-fed strip loin steaks from five different USDA quality grades, wet-aged for 7, 21 and 42 days. Beef strip loins (n = 200; 20 per USDA quality grade/fed cattle type) representing five USDA quality grades (USDA Prime, Top Choice, Low Choice, Select and Standard) and two fed cattle types (New Zealand grass-finished and US grain-finished) were used. Steaks were cooked to a target internal temperature of 71°C and served to consumer panelists (n = 600; 120 per five different cities in the US). Volatile analysis (n = 600) was performed on cooked samples, and quantitation was conducted by an internal standard calibration with authentic standards. Statistical analyses were conducted using the FACTOR procedure of SAS. A principle component analysis (PCA) showed relationships of volatile compounds, treatments, and consumer ratings. PC1 explained 17.17% of the variation and PC2 explained 10.96% of the variation. Consumer flavor liking was most closely associated with ethanol and treatments grass and grain Prime aged 42d. The majority of the alcohols and n-aldehydes were associated with the 7d grain treatments including grain Top Choice, Low Choice and Select. The Maillard derived compounds were grouped together and most associated with grass Top Choice 42d and the consumer attributes. Methional was closest to many grass treatments including grass Top Choice 7d, Low Choice 7d, Standard 7d, Prime 7d and Standard 21d. Although associations were evident between volatile compounds and consumer sensory attributes, they were not strongly related.
PSVI-25 Feeding increasing levels of yerba mate in lambs: Effects on fatty acid profile, and physical characteristics meat
Authors: Bermudez Yuli Andrea Pena , Lobo Richard Roberto , Moreno Danny Alexander Rojas , de Freitas Rafaela Scalise Xavier , Da Silva Bueno Ives Claudio C 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The presence of secondary metabolites in the structure of natural antioxidants makes them an alternative for animal feed, which allows modifying the composition of the meat, thus contributing to people’s health. For this reason, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of yerba mate extract (YME) on lamb feed as a natural antioxidant in the fatty acid profile and physical traits of meat of 36 lambs fed for 53 days, fed with corn silage and concentrate in the proportion 40:60, respectively. The treatments followed the randomized block design, with a control group without YME (0%) and three groups with 1, 2, and 4% of YME inclusion in the dry matter (DM). Samples were collected from the Longissimus thoracis (LT), muscle for quality analysis and composition. All data were analyzed using a MIXED model with orthogonal contrasts. We found that the inclusion of YME did not affect significantly the characteristics of the pH, total lipids and color general (P = 0.192), although the use of YME don’t affect the parameters normal in the meat. Nevertheless, the use of YME improved the value of b* (P = 0.004), showing a yellowness coloration in the meat of the lambs. Likewise, changed the proportion of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFA; P = 0.009) and the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; P = 0.030) exhibited a diet effect for the group with 4% YME. This is revealing result, since these fatty acids have been associated with a decrease in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the addition of up to 4% YME improves the composition and general acceptance of lamb meat, recommended for use in animal feed.
PSIV-B-26 Effect of different intakes of sulfur amino acids on the productive response and egg quality of commercial laying hens
Authors: Tasayco Elías Salvador , Reyes Julio Narvaez , Junchaya Lorenzo Rios , Valenzuela Luis Lujan 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Modern laying hens have improved their productive response and persistence of egg production. However, in terms of productivity, egg quality and profitability, there are still several issues that need to be reevaluated and improved, among them the level and consumption of digestible sulfur amino acids (AASD). The objective is to determine the effect of different AASD consumptions on the productive response and egg quality of commercial laying hens. METHODS: 160 laying hens of the LOHMANN Brown genetic line, 90 weeks old, of uniform weight and size, were used. The laying hens were distributed in the study area, following the protocol of a Random Block Design (DBA). 4 AASD intakes (g / hen / day) were established as treatments: T-1 (730.11 mg), T-2 (677.20 mg), T-3 (607.09 mg) and T-4 (676.88 mg). Each of the treatments had 5 repetitions, giving a total of 20 experimental units. The variables of egg production, egg weight and mass, feed consumption, feed conversion index, energy efficiency, Haugh unit of the egg, shell color and percentage, egg yolk color and index, margin and economic reward were evaluated. RESULTS: The results showed that the different AASD consumptions did not significantly affect (P &gt; 0.05) the productive response and egg quality of the hens and affected the margin and economic retribution. AASD intakes in the range of 607 to 730 mg / hen / day did not affect the productive response and egg quality. The metabolizable energy level of the diet influences the economic response to different intakes of digestible sulfur amino acids. The consumption of 676.88 mg / hen / day of AASD with a level of 2725 Kcal of metabolizable energy / Kg of feed achieved the highest gross margin and best economic return in 90-week-old LOHMANN Brown laying hens.