bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining Enablers of Vaccine Hesitancy Toward Routine Childhood and Adolescent Vaccination in Malawi
Authors: Adeyanju Gbadebo Collins , Betsch Cornelia , Adamu Abdu A. , Gumbi Khadijah Sanusi , Head Michael G , Aplogan Aristide , Tall Haoua , Essoh Tene-Alima 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Vaccine hesitancy is the delay or refusal of vaccines despite their availability. Here, we explored factors that influence hesitancy among caregivers of children and adolescent girls eligible for routine immunisation and the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in Malawi. Methods: The study used key informant interviews and focus-group discussions. Information was obtained from caregivers and national and district-level representatives of the expanded program on immunisation (EPI) and community stakeholders. There were 25 key informant interviews, and two focus-group discussions with 13 participants conducted April May 2020. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using a thematic content analysis. Results: Most vaccine-hesitancy drivers for routine immunisation were also relevant for the HPV vaccine. Drivers included inadequate awareness of the vaccination schedule, rumours and conspiracy theories exacerbated by religious beliefs, low literacy levels of caregivers, distance and transport to the vaccination clinic, and a disconnect between community healthcare and community leaders. Conclusion: This study provides insights into determinants of vaccine hesitancy within the Malawian context. The findings can inform context-specific interventions by decision-makers. There is need for further study around the prevalence and impact of each factor, as well as their causal relationships to vaccine uptake.
The Blursday Database: Individuals’ Temporalities in Covid Times
Authors: Chaumon Maximilien , Rioux Pier-Alexandre , Herbst Sophie , Spiousas Ignacio , Kübel Sebastian , Hiroyasu Elisa Gallego , Runyun Serife , Micillo Luigi , Thanopoulos Vassilis , Mendoza-Durán Esteban , Wagelmans Anna , Mudumba Ramya , Tachmatzidou Rania , Cellini Nicola , D'Argembeau Arnaud , Giersch Anne , Grondin Simon , Gronfier Claude , Igarzábal Federico Alvarez , Klarsfeld André , Jovanovic Ljubica , Laje Rodrigo , Lannelongue Elisa , Mioni Giovanna , Nicolaï Cyril , Sriniva Narayanan , Sugiyama Shogo , Wittmann Marc , Yotsumoto Yuko , Vatakis Argiro , Balci Fuat , Wassenhove Virginie van 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns triggered worldwide changes in the daily routines of human experience. The Blursday database provides measures of subjective time and related processes from more than 2,800 participants (over 9 countries) tested on 14 questionnaires and 15 behavioral tasks during the Covid-19 pandemic. The easy-to-process database and all data collection tools are made fully accessible to researchers interested in studying the effects of social isolation on temporal information processing, time perspective, decision-making, sleep, metacognition, attention, memory, self-perception, and mindfulness. Blursday also includes vital quantitative statistics such as sleep patterns, personality traits, psychological well-being, and lockdown indices. Herein, we exemplify the use of the database with novel quantitative insights on the effects of lockdown (stringency, mobility) and subjective confinement on time perception (duration, passage of time, temporal distances). We show that new discoveries are possible as illustrated by an inter-individual central tendency effect in retrospective duration estimation.
Maize/soybean intercropping improves stability of soil aggregates driven by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a black soil of Northeast China
Authors: Zhang Shu , Meng Lingbo , Hou Jian , Liu Xiaodan , Ogundeji Abiola O. , Cheng Zeyu , Yin Tengjiao , Clarke Nicholas , Hu Baozhong , Li Shumin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background and Aims

Studies verify that intercropping influence the soil aggregates and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), but the characteristics and relationships of AMF communities and soil aggregates at different soil depths have not been fully understood.
Methods

A long term positioning experiment starting in 2017, including two-factor experiment of N application level and cultivation. The N application level including N0 (0 kg·hm−2) and N2 (240 kg·hm−2 and 80 kg·hm−2 for maize and soybean, respectively). The cultivation, including monoculture maize, monoculture soybean, and maize/soybean intercropping (intercropping maize, intercropping soybean). Soil aggregates and AMF were collected and analyzed from the difference depths soil.
Results

Results showed that intercropping can improve the macro-aggregate (>5 mm) content of maize soil at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth under N0 level. Also, the intercropping can only improve the macro-aggregate content of soybean soil at 0-15 cm depth. Likewise, the results also proved that increasing the N fertilizer application rate can significantly decrease the macro-aggregates in intercropping soil at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths. Moreover, intercropping treatment can significantly improve the AMF diversity of maize and soybean soil at different depths, while the application of N fertilizer significantly reduced the AMF diversity of soil at different depths.
Conclusion

The Structural equation modeling indicated that the intercropping system could influence and participate in the formation of soil aggregates by changing the soil AMF community and relative abundance, thereby contributing the soil stability. These results reveal the mechanisms of improvement of soil quality through diversity planting patterns.
Comparisons of forecasting for Survival Outcome for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by using Six Machine Learning Models Based on Multi-Omics
Authors: Mo Liying , Su Yuangang , Yuan Jianhui , Xiao Zhiwei , Zhang Ziyan , Lan Xiuwan , Huang Daizheng 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Machine learning methods showed excellent predictive ability in a wide range of fields. For the survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), its multi-omics influence is crucial. This study attempts to establish a variety of machine learning multi-omics models to predict the survival of HNSC and find the most suitable machine learning prediction method. Results: For omics of HNSC, the results of the six models all showed that the performance of multi-omics was better than each single-omic alone. Results were presented which showed that the BN model played a good prediction performance (area under the curve [AUC] 0.8250) in HNSC multi-omics data. The other machine learning models RF (AUC = 0.8002), NN (AUC = 0.7200), and GLM (AUC = 0.7145) also showed high predictive performance except for DT(AUC = 0.5149) and SVM(AUC = 0.6981). And the results of a vitro qPCR were consistent with the Random forest algorithm. Conclusion: Machine learning methods could better forecast the survival outcome of HNSC. Meanwhile, this study found that the Bayesian network was the most superior. Moreover, the forecast result of multi-omics was better than single-omic alone in HNSC.
Treatment of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension with Preservative-Free Tafluprost-Timolol Fixed-Dose Combination Versus Preservative-Free Latanoprost-Timolol Fixed-Dose Combination Therapy: Real-World Experience
Authors: Thelen Ulrich 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the effect of an "escalation" of topical glaucoma therapy by switching form prostaglandin monotherapy to two different prostaglandin-timolol fixed combinations.Methods: 30 patients (60 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT) were initially treated with the prostaglandin analog latanoprost in a preservative-free formulation. 15 patients each were for 6 months - because of IOP levels considered still too high - treated with preservative-free tafluprost/timolol fixed-dose combination or preservative-free latanoprost/timolol fixed-dose combination therapy. Results: Six months after switching from latanopost monotherapy to preservative-free prostaglandin-timolol combinations, patients being treated with the latanoprost-timolol fixed combination had a mean IOP reduction by 4.16 mm Hg and those treated with the tafluprost-timolol fixed combination a mean IOP reduction by 5.38 mm Hg. Regarding safety and tolerability, there were no issues in the tafluprost-timolol group.Conclusions: Switching from prostaglandin monotherapy to a prostaglandin-timolol fixed combination led to a sufficient IOP lowering in our group of patients. Tolerability of, and satisfaction with, the fixed combination therapies was high.
Prognostic Significance of Right Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Angiographic Correlation
Authors: RAJENDRAN KAPIL , RAJAN BAIJU , KUNJUKRISHNAPILLA SIVAPRASAD , KS MOHANAN , VELAPPAN PRAVEEN , SALAM ABDUL 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) Indicators as Predictors of Mortality Among Patients Hospitalised with COVID-19 Disease in the Lothian Region, Scotland During the First Wave: A Cohort Study
Authors: Scopazzini Marcello S , Cave Roo Nicola Rose , Mutch Callum P , Ross Daniella A , Bularga Anda , Chase-Topping Margo , Woolhouse Mark , Koch Oliver , Perry Meghan R , Mackintosh Claire L 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background: Sars-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, has led to more than 100,000 deaths in the UK and multiple risk factors for mortality including age, sex and deprivation have been identified. This study aimed to identify which indicators of Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD), an area-based deprivation index, were predictive of mortality. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of anonymised electronic health records of 710 consecutive patients hospitalised with Covid-19 disease between March and June 2020 in the Lothian Region of Southeast Scotland. Data sources included automatically extracted data from national electronic platforms and manually extracted data from individual admission records. Exposure variables of interest were SIMD quintiles and more specifically 12 indicators of deprivation deemed clinically relevant selected from the SIMD. Our primary outcome was mortality. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for age and sex were used to determine measures of association between exposures of interest and the primary outcome. Results: After adjusting for age and sex, we found an increased risk of mortality in the more deprived SIMD quintiles 1 and 3 (OR 1.75, CI 0.99-3.08, p=0.053 and OR 2.17, CI 1.22-3.86, p=0.009, respectively), but this association was not significant in our multivariable model adjusted for co-morbidities and clinical parameters of severity at admission. Of the 12 pre-selected indicators of deprivation, two were associated with greater mortality in our multivariable analysis: income deprivation rate categorised by quartile (Q4 (most deprived): 2.11 (1.20-3.77) p=0.011)) and greater than expected hospitalisations due to alcohol per SIMD data zone (1.96 (1.28-3.00) p=0.002)). Conclusions: In contrast to other studies, deprivation quintile distribution was not predictive of mortality in our cohort. This possibly reflects the greater affluence and ethnic homogeneity of the Lothian Region compared to the rest of Scotland. We identified an increased risk of mortality in patients residing in areas with greater income-deprivation and/or number of hospitalisations due to alcohol. In areas where aggregate measures fail to capture pockets of deprivation, specific indicators may be helpful in targeting resources to residents at risk of poorer outcomes from Covid-19.
Prognostic Significance of Visit-To-Visit Variability, Maximum and Minimum LDL Cholesterol in Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sheng Chang-Sheng , Miao Ya , Ding Lili , Cheng Yi , Wang Dan , Yang Yuling , Tian Jingyan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
BACKGROUND
Current guidelines for dyslipidemia management recommended that the LDL_C goal could be lower to less than 70 mg/dL. The present study was to investigate the prognostic significance of the visit-to-visit variability in LDL_C, and minimum and maximum LDL_C during follow-up in Diabetes mellitus.
METHODS
We studied the risk of outcomes in relation to visit-to-visit LDL_c variability in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Lipid trial. LDL_c variability indices were coefficient of variation (CV), variability independent of the mean (VIM), and average real variability (ARV). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were employed to estimate adjusted hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
Compared with the placebo group (n=2667), Fenofibrate therapy group (n=2673) had significantly (P<0.01) lower mean of plasma triglyceride (152.5 vs. 178.6 mg/dl), total cholesterol (158.3 vs.162.9 mg/dl), but similar mean LDL_C during follow-up (88.2 vs.88.6 mg/dl, P>0.05). All three variability indices were associated with primary outcome, total mortality and cardiovascular mortality both in total population and in Fenofibrate therapy group, but only with primary outcome in the placebo group. The minimum LDL_C but not the maximum during follow-up was significantly associated with various outcomes in total population, fenofibrate therapy and placebo group. The minimum LDL_C during follow-up ≥70 mg/dl was associated with increased risk for various outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Visit-to-visit variability in LDL_C was a strong predictor of outcomes, independent of mean LDL_C. Patients with LDL_C be controlled to less than 70 mg/dl at least once during follow-up might have a benign prognosis.
Analysis of Perioperative Patient Adverse Event Reports and Anesthesia Safety Management in an Anesthesia Department of a Tertiary A Hospital in 2019-2020
Authors: Chen Hongyang , Wang Zining , Zhang Weiyi , Zhu Tao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective: To analyze the characteristics of anesthesia adverse events in our department and propose measures for anesthesia safety management, to achieve better improvement of medical quality and promote medical safety. Methods: A total of 589 cases of anesthesia adverse events were collated and analyzed, including the time period of anesthesia adverse events and ASA (American Society of Aneshesiologists) classification of anesthesia adverse events. Results: The anesthesia induction and awakening periods were the main time periods for the occurrence of anesthesia adverse events, other human factors were the main reasons for the occurrence of anesthesia adverse events, and ASA grading II and III surgical patients accounted for the main proportion (mainly because of the heavy proportion of II and III surgical patients). Conclusion: Understanding the causes of adverse anesthesia events and implementing strict anesthesia safety management measures are conducive to reducing the occurrence of adverse anesthesia events and improving the safety of anesthesia.
Fabrication and Characterization of Optically Transparent PVDF Films Embedded with Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Duff Caleb , Rowland Alan , Long Alexander , Wu Yanwen 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Polyvinylidene fluoride is a piezoelectric polymer that can be cast into transparent thin films. New properties can be introduced by embedding nanoparticles in this polymer, making it an excellent platform for flexible and tunable electronic and optoelectronic devices. We develop a recipe for embedding plasmonic gold nanoparticles into these films while maintaining their transparency as an initial step to activate optical response in the film. We characterize films made under different poling conditions with and without nanoparticle inclusions using X-ray diffraction. We find that the inclusion of gold nanoparticles screens the poling field and has a sizable effect on the phase of the produced films.
Snapback-Free Reverse-Conducting SOI LIGBT with an Integrated Self-Biased MOSFET
Authors: Yang Kemeng , Wei Jie , Dai Kaiwei , Ma Zhen , Li Congcong , Luo Xiaorong 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
A novel snapback-free RC-LIGBT with integrated self-biased N-MOSFET is proposed and investigated by simulation. The device features an integrated self-biased N-MOSFET(ISM) on the anode active region. One side of the ISM is shorted to the P+ anode electrode of RC-LIGBT and the other side is connected to the N+ anode via a floating ohmic contact. The adaptively turn-on/off of the ISM contributes to improve the static and dynamic performance of the ISM RC-LIGBT. In the forward-state, due to the off-state of the ISM, the snapback could be effectively suppressed without requiring extra device area compared with the SSA (separated shorted anode) and STA (segmented trenches in the anode) LIGBTs. In the reverse conduction, the ISM is turned on and the parasitic NPN in the ISM is punched through, which provides a current path for the reverse current. Meanwhile, during the turn-off and reverse recovery states, the ISM turns on, providing a rapid electron extraction path. Thus, a superior tradeoff between the on-state voltage drop (Von) and turnoff loss (Eoff) as well as an improved reverse recovery characteristic can be obtained. Compared with the STA device, the proposed ISM RC-LIGBT reduces Eoff by 21.5% without snapback. Its reverse recovery charge is reduced by 53.7%/58.6% compared to that of the SSA LIGBT with Lb=40/60μm at the same Von. Due to the prominent static and dynamic characteristic, the power loss of ISM RC-LIGBT in a completed switching cycle is reduced.
Genetic Analysis Reveals Three Novel QTLs Underpinning a Butterfly Egg-Induced Hypersensitive Response-Like Cell Death in Brassica Rapa
Authors: Bassetti Niccolò , Caarls Lotte , Bukovinszkine’Kiss Gabriella , El-Soda Mohamed , Veen Jeroen van , Bouwmeester Klaas , Zwaan Bas J. , Schranz M. Eric , Bonnema Guusje , Fatouros Nina E. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Background
Cabbage white butterflies (Pieris spp.) can be severe pests of Brassica crops such as Chinese cabbage, Pak choi (Brassica rapa) or cabbages (B. oleracea). Eggs of Pieris spp. can induce a hypersensitive response-like (HR-like) cell death which reduces egg survival in the wild black mustard (B. nigra). Unravelling the genetic basis of this egg-killing trait in Brassica crops could improve crop resistance to herbivory, reducing major crop losses and pesticides use. Here we investigated the genetic architecture of a HR-like cell death induced by P. brassicae eggs in B. rapa.
Results
A germplasm screening of B. rapa 56 accessions, representing the genetic and geographical diversity of a B. rapa core collection, showed phenotypic variation for cell death. An image-based phenotyping protocol was developed to accurately measure size of HR-like cell death and was then used to identify two accessions that consistently showed weak (R-o-18) or strong cell death response (L58). Screening of 160 RILs derived from these two accessions resulted in three novel QTLs for Pieris brassicae-induced cell death on chromosomes A02 (Pbc1), A03 (Pbc2), and A06 (Pbc3). The three QTLs Pbc1-3 contain cell surface receptors, intracellular receptors and other genes involved in plant immunity processes, such as ROS accumulation and cell death formation. Synteny analysis with A. thaliana suggested that Pbc1 and Pbc2 are novel QTLs associated with this trait, while Pbc3 contains also LecRK-I.1, a gene of A. thaliana previously associated with cell death induced by a P. brassicae egg extract.
Conclusions
This study provides the first genomic regions associated with the Pieris egg-induced HR-like cell death in a Brassica crop species. It is a step closer towards unravelling the genetic basis of an egg-killing crop resistance trait, paving the way for breeders to further fine-map and validate candidate genes.
Proposed Pathways for Phytodegradation of Phenanthrene and Pyrene in Maize (Zea Mays L.) Using GC-Ms Analysis
Authors: Houshani Mahdieh , Salehi-Lisar Seyed Yahya , Motafakkerazad Rouhollah , Movafeghi Ali 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread organic pollutants which are persistent in the environment. Biodegradation of PAHs is one of the major mechanisms for their removal from environment. However, unlike microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria, the degradation pathways of organic pollutants in plant systems are not completely clear. This paper displays the possible pathways for the degradation of phenanthrene and pyrene (as two abundant PAHs in the environment) in maize plant. Maize plants were treated by phenanthrene and pyrene and after 7, 14, and 21 days, a number of intermediate compounds were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis. The obtained results showed that although maize plant can metabolize both compounds, but the degradation rate of phenanthrene was faster and higher than that of pyrene. The degradation of phenanthrene occurred mainly in the second week, whereas the degradation of pyrene was slower and mostly happened after the third week. Intriguingly, the degradation of both compounds was primarily observed in the roots. The number of identified intermediate compounds was different in the shoot and root and depends on the type of contaminant and treatment time. The most outstanding identified intermediates were quinones, dihydrodiols, phthalate and phenolic compounds which were formed through the cleavage of phenanthrene and pyrene. Accordingly, the probable degradation pathways of phenanthrene and pyrene in maize plants were proposed.
Vortices Nucleation By Inherent Fluctuations In Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells
Authors: Aguilera Esteban , Clerc Marcel G. , Zambra Valeska 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Multistable systems are characterized by exhibiting domain coexistence, where each domain accounts for the different states. In the case of these systems are described by vectorial fields, domains are connected through topological defects. Vortices are one of the most frequent and studied topological defect points. Optical vortices are equally relevant for their fundamental features as beams with topological features and their applications in image processing, telecommunications, optical tweezers, and quantum information. The interaction of light beams with matter vortices in liquid crystal cells is a natural source of optical vortices. The rhythms that govern the emergence of matter vortexes due to fluctuations are not established. Here we investigate the nucleation mechanisms of the matter vortices in liquid crystal cells and establish statistical laws that govern them. Based on a stochastic amplitude equation, the law for the number of nucleated vortices as a function of anisotropy, voltage, and noise level intensity is set. Experimental observations in a nematic liquid crystal cell with homeotropic anchoring and a negative anisotropic dielectric constant under the influence of a transversal electric field show a fair agreement with the theoretical findings.