bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic propensity for risky behavior and depression and risk of lifetime suicide attempt among urban African Americans in adolescence and young adulthood
Authors: Rabinowitz Jill A. , Jin Jin , Kahn Geoffrey , Kuo Sally I.‐Chun , Campos Adrian , Renteria Miguel , Benke Kelly , Wilcox Holly , Ialongo Nicholas S. , Maher Brion S. , Kertes Darlene , Eaton William , Uhl George , Wagner Barry M. , Cohen Daniel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSuicide attempts (SA) among African Americans have increased at a greater rate than any other racial/ethnic group. Research in European ancestry populations has indicated that SA are genetically influenced; however, less is known about the genetic contributors that underpin SA among African Americans. We examined whether genetic propensity for depression and risky behaviors (assessed via polygenic risk scores; PRS) independently and jointly are associated with SA among urban, African Americans and whether sex differences exist in these relations. Participants (N = 1,157, 45.0% male) were originally recruited as part of two first grade universal school‐based prevention trials. Participants reported in adolescence and young adulthood on whether they ever attempted suicide in their life. Depression and risky behaviors PRS were created based on large‐scale genome‐wide association studies conducted by Howard et al. (2019) and Karlson Línner et al. (2019), respectively. There was a significant interaction between the risky behavior PRS and depression PRS such that the combination of high risky behavior polygenic risk and low/moderate polygenic risk for depression was associated with greater risk for lifetime SA among the whole sample and African American males specifically. In addition, the risky behavior PRS was significantly positively associated with lifetime SA among African American males. These findings provide preliminary evidence regarding the importance of examining risky behavior and depression polygenic risk in relation to SA among African Americans, though replication of our findings in other African American samples is needed.
Chelation enforcing a dual gold configuration in the catalytic hydroxyphenoxylation of alkynes
Authors: Escayola Sílvia , Poater Jordi , Ramos Miguel , Luque‐Urrutia Jesús Antonio , Duran Josep , Simon Sílvia , Solà Miquel , Cavallo Luigi , Nolan Steven P. , Poater Albert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe functionalization of alkynes by Au (N‐heterocyclic carbene, NHC) complexes via the hydrophenoxylation reaction is a paradigm for the discussion between mono and dual metal catalysis. With the aim of mimicking the framework containing two gold units, achieved with molecular boxes, two NHC ligands were joined here with a chelated chain and this motif was examined in the hydrophenoxylation/hydroalkoxylation reactions through DFT calculations. This synthetic motif transforms the standard hydrophenoxylation intermolecular reaction from an inter‐ into an intra‐molecular nucleophilic attack, when forming the C–O bond. Various chain lengths were tested with regard to the coordination of the alkyne to the cationic NHC‐gold(I) center.
Multimodal Molecular Imaging and Identification of Bacterial Toxins Causing Mushroom Soft Rot and Cavity Disease
Authors: Dose Benjamin , Thongkongkaew Tawatchai , Zopf David , Kim Hak Joong , Bratovanov Evgeni V. , García‐Altares María , Scherlach Kirstin , Kumpfmüller Jana , Ross Claudia , Hermenau Ron , Niehs Sarah , Silge Anja , Hniopek Julian , Schmitt Michael , Popp Jürgen , Hertweck Christian 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSoft rot disease of edible mushrooms leads to rapid degeneration of fungal tissue and thus severely affects farming productivity worldwide. The bacterial mushroom pathogen Burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola has been identified as the cause. Yet, little is known about the molecular basis of the infection, the spatial distribution and the biological role of antifungal agents and toxins involved in this infectious disease. We combine genome mining, metabolic profiling, MALDI‐Imaging and UV Raman spectroscopy, to detect, identify and visualize a complex of chemical mediators and toxins produced by the pathogen during the infection process, including toxoflavin, caryoynencin, and sinapigladioside. Furthermore, targeted gene knockouts and in vitro assays link antifungal agents to prevalent symptoms of soft rot, mushroom browning, and impaired mycelium growth. Comparisons of related pathogenic, mutualistic and environmental Burkholderia spp. indicate that the arsenal of antifungal agents may have paved the way for ancestral bacteria to colonize niches where frequent, antagonistic interactions with fungi occur. Our findings not only demonstrate the power of label‐free, in vivo detection of polyyne virulence factors by Raman imaging, but may also inspire new approaches to disease control.
Bilateral branch pulmonary artery Pulsta valve implantation for treatment of large right ventricular outflow tract in a high‐risk patient
Authors: Kim Jung Yoon , Kim Seong‐Ho , Jang So Ick 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPercutaneous pulmonary valve implantation (PPVI) has been implemented as a novel alternative strategy to surgical pulmonary valve replacement. However, PPVI has an inevitable limitation: the large right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) lesions exhibit variable geometry and significant pulmonary regurgitation (PR). To overcome this limitation, bilateral branch pulmonary artery (PA) valve implantations using Melody or Sapien valves have been attempted and have shown a reduction in right ventricular volume with clinical benefits in the intermediate term. Nevertheless, these trials also have constraints of large branch PA size. Recently, a feasibility study using the Pulsta valve (Tae Woong Medical Co, Gyeonggi‐do, South Korea) for native RVOTs was reported; the diameter of the Pulsta valve ranges from 18 to 32 mm. Herein, we present a successful percutaneous bilateral branch PA valve implantation using two 32 mm Pulsta valves in a 59‐year‐old man who showed right heart failure with severe pulmonary regurgitation despite several open heart surgeries for tetralogy of Fallot. The main PA was measured to be 49 mm, and both the right and left PAs were measured to be 30 mm.
Variations in Complementary Hydrogen Bonds Direct Assembly Patterns of Isosteric Polyheteroaromatics at Surfaces
Authors: Wisman David L. , Kim Heechan , Kim Chungryeol , Morris Tobias W. , Lee Dongwhan , Tait Steven L. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIntermolecular interactions guide self‐assembly on the surface. Precise control over these interactions by rational design of the molecule should allow fine control over the self‐assembly patterns. Functional groups installed for electronic modulation often induce significant changes in the molecular dimensions, thereby disrupting the original assembly pattern. To overcome this challenge, we have employed a family of isosteric phenazine derivatives,DHP,DAP, andDBQD, to investigate the impacts of hydrogen bonding on two‐dimensional molecular self‐assembly. While these molecules are similar in size and chemical composition, the strength and directionality of hydrogen bonding differ significantly depending on the chemical structure of donor‐acceptor pairs and prototropic tautomerization from positional isomerism. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) characterization of the assembled structures on Ag(111), Au(111), and Cu(100) surfaces revealed that minimal changes in molecular structure have a profound impact on the self‐assembly patterns. WhileDHPexhibits highly ordered and robust assemblies,DAPandDBQDshow either spatially confined or ill‐defined assemblies. In conjunction with hydrogen bonding, prototropic tautomerism is a potent strategy to modulate molecular 2D lattices on surfaces.
Development of 7SK snRNA Mimics That Inhibit HIV Transcription
Authors: Yamayoshi Asako , Fukumoto Hiroyuki , Hayashi Rie , Kishimoto Kyosuke , Kobori Akio , Koyanagi Yoshio , Komano Jun A. , Murakami Akira 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe 332‐nucleotide small nuclear RNA (snRNA) 7SK is a highly conserved non‐coding RNA that regulates transcriptional elongation. By binding with positive transcriptional elongation factor b (P‐TEFb) via HEXIM1, 7SK snRNA decreases the kinase activity of P‐TEFb and inhibits transcriptional elongation. Additionally, it is reported that 7SK inhibition results in the stimulation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐specific transcription. These reports suggest that 7SK is a naturally occurring functional molecule as negative regulator of P‐TEFb and HIV transcription. In this study, we developed functional oligonucleotides that mimic the function of 7SK (7SK mimics) as novel inhibitors of HIV replication. We defined the essential region of 7SK regarding its suppressive effects on transcriptional downregulation using an antisense strategy. Based on the results, we designed 7SK mimics containing the defined region. The inhibitory effects of 7SK mimics on HIV‐1 long terminal repeat promoter specific transcription was drastic compared with those of the control mimic molecule. Notably, these effects were found to be more enhanced by co‐transfection with Tat‐expressing plasmids. From these results, it is indicated that 7SK mimics may have great therapeutic potential for HIV/AIDS treatment.
Generation of Single‐Chain Variable Fragment (scFv) Libraries for Use in Phage Display
Authors: Schladetsch Megan A. , Wiemer Andrew J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPhage display is a powerful platform for the discovery of novel biologics with high binding affinities to a specific target protein. Here, we describe methods to construct a phage display library containing diverse single‐chain variable antibody fragments (scFvs). Specifically, updated methods for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and fusion of human antibody genes, their ligation into the pComb3X vector for transformation into 5αF′Iq competent bacterial cells, and their expression in M13KO7 helper phage are presented. Additionally, we describe how to amplify and quantify the phage library and to prepare it in various formats for short‐ and long‐term storage. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: First‐round polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for isolation of antibody fragmentsBasic Protocol 2: Ethanol precipitation and pooling of fragment DNABasic Protocol 3: Second‐round polymerase chain reaction with splicing by overlap extension (SOE) for antibody fragment fusionBasic Protocol 4: Restriction digestion of individual scFv constructs and pComb3XSS vectorBasic Protocol 5: Directional ligation of the scFv constructs and pComb3X backboneBasic Protocol 6: Transformation of pComb‐scFv plasmids into 5αF′Iq competent cellsBasic Protocol 7: Collection of bacteria containing the scFv libraryBasic Protocol 8: Preparation of bacterial glycerol stockBasic Protocol 9: Preparation of phage library glycerol stockBasic Protocol 10: Preparation of plasmid DNA stockBasic Protocol 11: Amplification of M13KO7 helper phageBasic Protocol 12: Phage titer by plate assayAlternate Protocol: One‐plate phage plaque assay
Onion (Allium cepa L.) hybrid seed production: Sugar content variation during the flowering period
Authors: Soto Verónica Carolina , Gatica Ismael Jairo Gabriel , Galmarini Claudio Rómulo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHoneybees (Apis mellifera L.) are the most used pollinators for onion (Allium cepa L.) seed production. Two types of onion varieties are mainly grown worldwide: hybrids and open pollination (OP) cultivars. Although hybrids offer advantages to bulb growers, seed yields of hybrids are lower than OP cultivars. Since honeybees play a major role in onion pollination, understanding the contribution of the floral rewards to bee visitation is crucial to improve seed yield. The goal of this study is to establish the best moment for the introduction of honeybee hives into onion fields to increase seed yields. To reach this goal, the correlation between sugar compounds in nectar throughout the flowering period and honeybee foraging activity was determined. The sugar profile and bee visits were highly correlated, and fructose concentration was strongly linked to bee frequency of foraging on the onion umbels. The highest number of bee visits was recorded at 70% of flowering. Based on these results, beehives should be introduced once 40–50% of flowering is reached.
Extracellular matrix and Hippo signaling as therapeutic targets of antifibrotic compounds for uterine fibroids
Authors: Islam Md Soriful , Afrin Sadia , Singh Bhuchitra , Jayes Friederike L. , Brennan Joshua T. , Borahay Mostafa A. , Leppert Phyllis C. , Segars James H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundUterine fibroids are highly prevalent, collagen‐rich, mechanically stiff, fibrotic tumors for which new therapeutic options are needed. Increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness activates mechanical signaling and Hippo/YAP promoting fibroid growth, but no prior studies have tested either as a therapeutic target. We tested the hypothesis that injection of a purified form of collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) that selectively digests type I and type III collagens would alter ECM stiffness, Hippo signaling, and selectively reduce fibroid cell growth. We also used two FDA‐approved drugs, verteporfin and nintedanib, to elucidate the role of Hippo/YAP signaling in uterine fibroid and myometrial cells.MethodsThe clinical trial was registered (NCT02889848). Stiffness of samples was measured by rheometry. Protein expression in surgical samples was analyzed via immunofluorescence. Protein and gene expression in uterine fibroid or myometrial cell lines were measured by real time PCR and western blot, and immunofluorescence.ResultsInjection of CCH at high doses (0.1–0.2 mg/cm3) into fibroids resulted in a 46% reduction in stiffness in injected fibroids compared to controls after 60 days. Levels of the cell proliferation marker proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were decreased in fibroids 60 days after injection at high doses of CCH. Key Hippo signaling factors, specifically the transcriptionally inactive phosphorylated YAP (p‐YAP), was increased at high CCH doses, supporting the role of YAP in fibroid growth. Furthermore, inhibition of YAP via verteporfin (YAP inhibitor) decreased cell proliferation, gene and protein expression of key factors promoting fibrosis and mechanotransduction in fibroid cells. Additionally, the anti‐fibrotic drug, nintedanib, inhibited YAP and showed anti‐fibrotic effects.ConclusionsThis is the first report that in vivo injection of collagenase into uterine fibroids led to a reduction in Hippo/YAP signaling and crucial genes and pathways involved in fibroid growth. These results indicate that targeting ECM stiffness and Hippo signaling might be an effective strategy for uterine fibroids.
Detection criteria and post‐field sample processing influence results and cost efficiency of occupancy‐based monitoring
Authors: Lonsinger Robert C. , Knight Robert N. , Waits Lisette P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractOptimization of occupancy‐based monitoring has focused on balancing the number of sites and surveys to minimize field efforts and costs. When survey techniques require post‐field processing of samples to confirm species detections, there may be opportunities to further improve efficiency. We used scat‐based noninvasive genetic sampling for kit foxes (Vulpes macrotis) in Utah, USA, as a model system to assess post‐field data processing strategies, evaluate the impacts of these strategies on estimates of occupancy and associations between parameters and predictors, and identify the most cost‐effective approach. We identified scats with three criteria that varied in costs and reliability: (1) field‐based identification (expert opinion), (2) statistical‐based morphological identification, and (3) genetic‐based identification (mitochondrial DNA). We also considered four novel post‐field sample processing strategies that integrated statistical and genetic identifications to reduce costly genetic procedures, including (4) a combined statistical‐genetic identification, (5) a genetic removal design, (6) a within‐survey conditional‐replicate design, and (7) a single‐genetic‐replicate with false‐positive modeling design. We considered results based on genetic identification as the best approximation of truth and used this to evaluate the performance of alternatives. Field‐based and statistical‐based criteria prone to misidentification produced estimates of occupancy that were biased high (˜1.8 and 2.1 times higher than estimates without misidentifications, respectively). These criteria failed to recover associations between parameters and predictors consistent with genetic identification. The genetic removal design performed poorly, with limited detections leading to estimates that were biased high with poor precision and patterns inconsistent with genetic identification. Both statistical‐genetic identification and the conditional‐replicate design produced occupancy estimates comparable to genetic identification, while recovering the same model structure and associations at cost reductions of 67% and 74%, respectively. The false‐positive design had the lowest cost (88% reduction) and recovered patterns consistent with genetic identification but had occupancy estimates that were ˜32% lower than estimated occupancy based on genetic identification. Our results demonstrate that careful consideration of detection criteria and post‐field data processing can reduce costs without significantly altering resulting inferences. Combined with earlier guidance on sampling designs for occupancy modeling, these findings can aid managers in optimizing occupancy‐based monitoring.
Core and occasional species: A new way forward
Authors: Helden Alvin J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractVarious methods have been used to divide communities into core species and occasional or satellite species. Some methods are somewhat arbitrary, and there is evidence that many communities are more multimodal than bimodal. They also tend to rely on having multiple years of data.A completely novel method is presented that not only has no requirement for long‐term datasets but can divide communities into multiple groups. It is based on probability a species is present, calculated using Simpson's index and the sequential removal of species from the data.The sequential Simpson's index method was applied to species data from a grassland insect community. It was also applied to eleven other datasets that had been divided into core and occasional species in previously published studies.The new method was found not only to be consistent with previous core–occasional assessments but also able to identify multimodality in species abundance distributions.Although ideally used with a measure of persistence (frequency of occurrence) to rank species, community structure is consistently described even with only species abundance data.The method can be applied to short or long‐term datasets and can help identify multimodality and provide valuable insight into how communities change in time or space.
The effect of infertile semen on the mRNA‐based body fluid identification
Authors: Tian Huan , Huang Sicheng , Bai Peng , Xiao Xiao , Peng Duo , Zhao Huan , Liu Yuqing , Feng Qian , Liao Miao , Li Fuping , Liang Weibo 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn the past decade, mRNA markers have been well demonstrated as promising molecular markers in forensic body fluid identification (BFI), and successfully used in wide applications. Several studies have assessed the performance of semen‐specific mRNA markers in distinguishing semen from other common body fluids at the crime scene. Infertility has been reported as a global health problem that is affecting approximately 15% of couples worldwide. Therefore, it is important for forensic researchers to consider the impact of infertility on semen identification. This study aimed to explore the effect of semen from infertile men (hereinafter “infertile semen”) on BFI and to identify semen‐specific mRNAs that can efficiently and accurately distinguish normal and infertile semen samples from other body fluids. Results showed that the selected five mRNAs (KLK3, TGM4, SEMG1, PRM1, and PRM2) performed a significantly high semen specificity in normal semen. Moreover, KLK3 was slightly influenced by infertile semen samples with over 98% positive results in all semen samples. The accuracy to predict normal semen reached up to 96.6% using the discrimination function Y1 with KLK3 and PRM1. However, when the infertile semen samples were included in discrimination function (function Y2 with KLK3), the accuracy rate of semen identification (including the normal and infertile semen) was down to 89.5%. Besides, the sensitivity of multiplex assay could reach down to 50pg. Our results suggest that it is important to consider the presence of infertile semen when using mRNAs to identify semen samples, which would have a far‐reaching impact in forensic identification.
Approximate analytic expressions for the diffusiophoretic velocity of a spherical colloidal particle
Authors: Ohshima Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe general expression is derived for the diffusiophoretic velocity of a spherical colloidal particle of radius a in a concentration gradient of symmetrical electrolyte. On the basis of this expression, simple approximate analytic expressions for the diffusiophoretic velocity correct up to the order of 1/κa is derived, where κ is the Debye‐Hückel parameter. It is found that the approximate expression correct to order unity can be applied for κa ≥ 50 with negligible errors, while the approximate expression correct to order 1/κa can be applied for κa ≥ 20 with negligible errors.
Fatty Acid Synthase–Suppressor Screening Identifies Sorting Nexin 8 as a Therapeutic Target for NAFLD
Authors: Hu Yufeng , He Wenzhi , Huang Yongping , Xiang Hui , Guo Juan , Che Yan , Cheng Xu , Hu Fengjiao , Hu Manli , Ma Tengfei , Yu Jie , Tian Han , Tian Song , Ji Yan‐Xiao , Zhang Peng , She Zhi‐Gang , Zhang Xiao‐Jing , Huang Zan , Yang Juan , Li Hongliang 
Published: July 2021

Background and Aims
NAFLD is the most prevalent chronic liver disease without any Food and Drug Administration–approved pharmacological intervention in clinic. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is one of the most attractive targets for NAFLD treatment because of its robust rate‐limiting capacity to control hepatic de novo lipogenesis. However, the regulatory mechanisms of FASN in NAFLD and potential therapeutic strategies targeting FASN remain largely unknown.

Methods and Results
Through a systematic interactomics analysis of FASN‐complex proteins, we screened and identified sorting nexin 8 (SNX8) as a binding partner of FASN. SNX8 directly bound to FASN and promoted FASN ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. We further demonstrated that SNX8 mediated FASN protein degradation by recruiting the E3 ligase tripartite motif containing 28 (TRIM28) and enhancing the TRIM28–FASN interaction. Notably, Snx8 interference in hepatocytes significantly deteriorated lipid accumulation in vitro, whereas SNX8 overexpression markedly blocked hepatocyte lipid deposition. Furthermore, the aggravating effect of Snx8 deletion on NAFLD was validated in vivo as hepatic steatosis and lipogenic pathways in the liver were significantly exacerbated in Snx8‐knockout mice compared to wild‐type controls. Consistently, hepatocyte‐specific overexpression of Snx8 in vivo markedly suppressed high‐fat, high‐cholesterol diet (HFHC)–induced hepatic steatosis. Notably, the protective effect of SNX8 against NAFLD was largely dependent on FASN suppression.

Conclusions
These data indicate that SNX8 is a key suppressor of NAFLD that promotes FASN proteasomal degradation. Targeting the SNX8–FASN axis is a promising strategy for NAFLD prevention and treatment.