bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid soil organic carbon decomposition in river systems: effects of the aquatic microbial community and hydrodynamical disturbance
Authors: Zhao Man , Jacobs Liesbet , Bouillon Steven , Govers Gerard 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Different erosion processes deliver large amounts of terrestrial
soil organic carbon (SOC) to rivers. Mounting evidence indicates that a
significant fraction of this SOC, which displays a wide range of ages, is
rapidly decomposed after entering the river system. The mechanisms
explaining this rapid decomposition of previously stable SOC still remain
unclear. In this study, we investigated the relative importance of two
mechanisms that possibly control SOC decomposition rates in aquatic systems:
(i) in the river water SOC is exposed to the aquatic microbial community
which is able to metabolize SOC much more quickly than the soil microbial
community and (ii) SOC decomposition in rivers is facilitated due to the
hydrodynamic disturbance of suspended sediment particles. We performed
different series of short-term (168 h) incubations quantifying the rates of
SOC decomposition in an aquatic system under controlled conditions. Organic
carbon decomposition was measured continuously through monitoring dissolved
O2 (DO) concentration using a fiber-optic sensor (FireStingO2,
PyroScience). Under both shaking and standing conditions, we found a
significant difference in decomposition rate between SOC with aquatic
microbial organisms added (SOC + AMO) and without aquatic microbial
organisms (SOC − AMO). The presence of an aquatic microbial community enhanced
the SOC decomposition process by 70 %–128 % depending on the soil type and
shaking–standing conditions. While some recent studies suggested that
aquatic respiration rates may have been substantially underestimated by
performing measurement under stationary conditions, our results indicate
that the effect of hydrodynamic disturbance is relatively minor, under the
temperature conditions, for the soil type, and for the suspended matter
concentration range used in our experiments. We propose a simple conceptual
model explaining these contrasting results.
Homogenization of the historical series from the Coimbra Magnetic Observatory, Portugal
Authors: Morozova Anna L. , Ribeiro Paulo , Pais M. Alexandra 
Published: March 2021

Abstract. The Coimbra Magnetic Observatory (COI), Portugal,
established in 1866, has provided nearly continuous records of the geomagnetic
field elements for more than 150 years. However, during its long lifetime
inevitable changes to the instruments and measurement procedures and even the
relocation of the observatory have taken place. In our previous work (Morozova et
al., 2014) we performed homogenization – elimination of the artificial
changes – of the measured declination series (D) for the period from 1866
to 2006. In this paper we continue work on applying homogenization procedures
to the measured series of the absolute monthly values of the horizontal (H,
1866–2006), vertical (Z, 1951–2006) and inclination components (I,
1866–1941). After homogenization of all measured series for the 1866–2006
time interval, we performed the homogenization of the series of all
geomagnetic field elements (X, Y, Z, H, D, I and F) to the level of the 2015 epoch. Since all series except D have a gap of about 10 years in the
middle of the 20th century, splitting each of them into two, the
homogenization to the level of 2015 was done only for the series available
after 1951 (with the D series homogenized for the whole time interval of
1866–2015). The COI geomagnetic field elements are available via the
following addresses:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4308022 (Ribeiro et al., 2020) for the original COI data (ASCII and XLSX formats) and https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4308036 (Morozova et al., 2020) for the homogenized COI
data (ASCII and XLSX formats).
EFFECTIVENESS OF COMPUTER-BASED NURSING DOCUMENTATION IN NURSING CARE IN HOSPITAL – A LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Siokal Brajakson 
Published: March 2021

Background: Nurse population in hospitals has a greater proportion than other health workers. Nearly 60-70% of the total human resources available, occupied by nurses. In fact, 90% of the health services provided are a form of nursing service. Therefore, nursing service is a form of professional service that is the biggest indicator in realizing the quality of hospital services. One of the duties of nurses in providing nursing services in accordance with standards is to document all nursing care provided. Objective: To review journals about documenting computer-based nursing care in hospitals for the effectiveness of the preparation of nursing care. Methods: Quantitative, mixed-methods, and qualitative reviews that aim to evaluate the influence of computerized nursing documentation (eg, management, computerized decision support systems and information systems) on nursing care were included. We used the nursing care performance framework as an extraction grid and analytical tool. This model illustrates how the interplay between nursing resources and nursing services can produce changes in patient conditions. The primary outcomes included nurses' practice environment, nursing processes, professional satisfaction, and nursing-sensitive outcomes. The secondary outcomes included satisfaction or dissatisfaction with computerized nursing documentation according to nurses 'and patients' perspectives. Reviews published in English, French, or Spanish from January 1, 2000 to December 15, 2019, were considered.
Results: A total of 5515 titles or abstracts were assessed for eligibility and full-text papers of 72 articles were retrieved for detailed evaluation. It was found that 22 reviews published between 2002 and 2015 met the eligibility criteria. Many nursing care themes (ie, indicators) were influenced by the use of computerized nursing documentation, including time management; time spent on patient care; documentation time; information quality and access; quality of documentation; knowledge updating and utilization; nurse autonomy; intra and interprofessional collaboration; nurses' competencies and skills; nurse-patient relationship; assessment, care planning, and evaluation; teaching of patients and families; communication and care coordination; perspectives of the quality of care provided; nurses and patients satisfaction or dissatisfaction with computerized nursing documentation; patient comfort and quality of life related to care; empowerment; and functional status.
Penerapan Sanksi Pidana Terhadap Persetubuhan Yang Dilakukan Oleh Anak
Authors: Ardiansyah DM Andi , Sampara Said , Agis Abdul 
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian menganalisis penerapan sanksi pidana terhadap persetubuhan yang dilakukan oleh anak. dan pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan sanksi pidana terhadap persetubuhan yang dilakukan oleh anak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum yuridis empiris. Hasil penelitian bahwa.) Penerapan sanksi pidana terhadap tindak pidana persetubuhan yang dilakukan oleh anak sama dengan penerapan sanksi pidana untuk orang dewasa karena menerapkan pidana penjara selama 8 bulan penjara. Pertimbangan hukum oleh hakim bahwa terdakwa telah terbukti melakukan persetubuhan akan tetapi hakim kurang memperhatikan asas legalitas dimana undang-undang tersebut berlaku setelah perbuatan pidana terjadi. Dengan pertimbangan penerapan undang-undang tersebut akan lebih adil baik bagi pelaku maupun korban yang masih berstatus anak.
The research objective was to analyze the application of criminal sanctions against sexual intercourse by children. and the judge's consideration in imposing criminal sanctions on copulation committed by children. The research method used is empirical juridical legal research. The results of the study show that.) The application of criminal sanctions against criminal acts of sexual intercourse committed by children is the same as the application of criminal sanctions for adults because of imprisonment for 8 months in prison. Legal consideration by the judge that the defendant has been proven to have intercourse, but the judge does not pay attention to the legality principle where the law applies after the criminal act has occurred. With the consideration that the application of this law will be fairer for both the perpetrator and the victim who is still a child.
Au-Ag-Te–RICH MELT INCLUSIONS IN HYDROTHERMAL GOLD-QUARTZ VEINS, XIAOQINLING LODE GOLD DISTRICT, CENTRAL CHINA
Authors: Jian Wei , Mao Jingwen , Lehmann Bernd , Cook Nigel J. , Xie Guiqing , Liu Peng , Duan Chao , Alles Jonas , Niu Zhijian 
Published: March 2021

AbstractWe present petrographic and microthermometric evidence for precipitation of Au-Ag-Te–rich melt directly from hydrothermal fluids and subsequent entrapment as primary melt inclusions within pyrite from quartz veins of the Xiaoqinling lode gold district, southern margin of the North China craton. We propose the formation of Au-Ag-Te–rich melt through adsorption-reduction mechanisms on pyrite and subsequent growth of the melt nuclei via direct scavenging of metals from fluids. Because neither initial formation nor later growth of the melt require saturation of the ore fluid with respect to the constituent metals, this mechanism offers a new understanding of the enrichment of low-abundance ore components, such as gold. Our model may thus partly explain the discrepancy between the high gold solubilities reported from experimental studies and the much lower gold concentrations usually measured in natural fluids. This study also implies that Au-Ag-Te–rich melt has probably gone unrecognized in other lode gold deposits in which Au-Ag tellurides are present.
Regulatory Mechanisms Underlying Activation of Organ Abscission
Authors: Ma Chao , Jiang Cai‐Zhong , Gao Junping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAbscission is a tightly regulated developmental process that initiates in response to endogenous and environmental cues. In an agricultural context, regulation of abscission has substantial effects on crop productivity and quality. Crop domestication often selected against abscission of the fruit, allowing easier harvesting. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying abscission will, therefore, inform efforts to improve crop breeding and harvesting practices. In this article, we summarize our current knowledge of the various regulatory mechanisms involved in abscission. We first review the regulation of abscission zone cells as they acquire competence in response to abscission signals. We then summarize the regulation of abscission initiation, exploring the phytohormone signals, developmental factors, and environmental cues regulating the initiation of abscission.
Integrated Fluorescent Nanoprobe Design for High‐Speed In Vivo Two‐Photon Microscopic Imaging of Deep‐Brain Vasculature in Mice
Authors: Takezaki Minami , Kawakami Ryosuke , Onishi Shozo , Suzuki Yasutaka , Kawamata Jun , Imamura Takeshi , Hadano Shingo , Watanabe Shigeru , Niko Yosuke 
Published: March 2021

AbstractHigh‐speed two‐photon microscopy can be used to analyze vascular dynamics in living animals and is essential for the understanding of brain diseases. Recent advances in fluorescent probes/optical systems have allowed successful imaging of the hippocampal vasculature in the deep brain of mice (1 mm from the brain surface) under low‐speed conditions (1–2 fps); however, using high‐speed techniques (>30 fps), observation of the deep‐brain vasculature is still challenging. Here, a new nanoemulsion that encapsulates thousands of red‐emissive pyrene dye molecules while maintaining their high two‐photon brightness [1.5 × 102 GM (GM = 10−50 cm4·s·photon−1·molecule−1) at 960 nm excitation] and delivers a large amount of such pyrene dyes (65 nmol) into the blood vessels of mice is developed. Remarkably, the nanoprobe is found to exploit the inherent performance of a commonly used Ti:sapphire excitation laser and a sensitive gallium arsenide phosphide nondescanned fluorescence detector to the limit, enabling visualization of the brain vasculature under the cortex region of mice (up to 1.5 mm) under very low‐speed conditions. As a highlight, such a nanoprobe is successfully used to directly observe the blood flow in the hippocampal CA1 region (1.1 mm) through high‐speed resonant scanning (120 fps).
Insight into the Synergistic Effect of N, S Co‐Doping for Carbon Coating Layer on Niobium Oxide Anodes with Ultra‐Long Life
Authors: Cheng Xing , Ran Fanmin , Huang Yanfei , Zheng Runtian , Yu Haoxiang , Shu Jie , Xie Ying , He Yan‐Bing 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMulti‐heteroatoms co‐doped carbon coating can significantly enhance the electronic conductivity and mass transfer rate of the electrode materials due to the synergistic effect. In this study N, S co‐doped carbon coating is introduced on the surface of niobium oxides (GNO@NSC) by using a convenient thiourea evaporation method. Theory calculations and experimental results confirm the synergistic effect of N, S co‐doping in GNO@NSC composite. N, S co‐doping not only enlarges the layer distance of the carbon materials but also leads to more activation sites for lithium storage; meanwhile, the introduction of the co‐doping carbon layer on GNO significantly enhances the bonding interaction with GNO, leading to excellent structural stability and conductivity of the composite. As a result, the GNO@NSC composite possesses excellent structural reversibility, a large specific capacity, and high‐rate performance. GNO@NSC nanowires deliver a highly reversible capacity of 288 mAh g–1 and display excellent cycling stability, and its capacity retention is 78.9% after 6000 cycles at a high current density of 1 A g–1. This study reveals the functional mechanism of N, S co‐doped carbon coating and the origin of performance improvement of niobium oxides, which can be used for reference to design and develop relevant materials.
Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes with Near Unit Internal Quantum Efficiency at Low Temperatures
Authors: He Yarong , Yan Jiaxu , Xu Lei , Zhang Bangmin , Cheng Qian , Cao Yu , Zhang Ju , Tao Cong , Wei Yingqiang , Wen Kaichuan , Kuang Zhiyuan , Chow Gan Moog , Shen Zexiang , Peng Qiming , Huang Wei , Wang Jianpu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRoom‐temperature‐high‐efficiency light‐emitting diodes based on metal halide perovskite FAPbI3are shown to be able to work perfectly at low temperatures. A peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 32.8%, corresponding to an internal quantum efficiency of 100%, is achieved at 45 K. Importantly, the devices show almost no degradation after working at a constant current density of 200 mA m−2for 330 h. The enhanced EQEs at low temperatures result from the increased photoluminescence quantum efficiencies of the perovskite, which is caused by the increased radiative recombination rate. Spectroscopic and calculation results suggest that the phase transitions of the FAPbI3play an important role for the enhancement of exciton binding energy, which increases the recombination rate.
Efficient Electron Transport Layer Free Small‐Molecule Organic Solar Cells with Superior Device Stability
Authors: Bin Haijun , Wang Junke , Li Junyu , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractElectron transport layers (ETLs) placed between the electrodes and a photoactive layer can enhance the performance of organic solar cells but also impose limitations. Most ETLs are ultrathin films, and their deposition can disturb the morphology of the photoactive layers, complicate device fabrication, raise cost, and also affect device stability. To fully overcome such drawbacks, efficient organic solar cells that operate without an ETL are preferred. In this study, a new small‐molecule electron donor (H31) based on a thiophene‐substituted benzodithiophene core unit with trialkylsilyl side chains is designed and synthesized. Blending H31 with the electron acceptor Y6 gives solar cells with power conversion efficiencies exceeding 13% with and without 2,9‐bis[3‐(dimethyloxidoamino)propyl]anthra[2,1,9‐def:6,5,10‐d′e′f ′]diisoquinoline‐1,3,8,10(2H,9H)‐tetrone (PDINO) as the ETL. The ETL‐free cells deliver a superior shelf life compared to devices with an ETL. Small‐molecule donor–acceptor blends thus provide interesting perspectives for achieving efficient, reproducible, and stable device architectures without electrode interlayers.
Bioinspired Soft Robots Based on the Moisture‐Responsive Graphene Oxide
Authors: Liu Yu‐Qing , Chen Zhao‐Di , Han Dong‐Dong , Mao Jiang‐Wei , Ma Jia‐Nan , Zhang Yong‐Lai , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO), which has many oxygen functional groups, is a promising candidate for use in moisture‐responsive sensors and actuators due to the strong water–GO interaction and the ultrafast transport of water molecules within the stacked GO sheets. In the last 5 years, moisture‐responsive actuators based on GO have shown distinct advantages over other stimuli‐responsive materials and devices. Particularly, inspired by nature organisms, various moisture‐enabled soft robots have been successfully developed via rational assembly of the GO‐based actuators. Herein, the milestones in the development of moisture‐responsive soft robots based on GO are summarized. In addition, the working mechanisms, design principles, current achievement, and prospects are also comprehensively reviewed. In particular, the GO‐based soft robots are at the forefront of the advancement of automatable smart devices.
Reaching Deeper: Absolute In Vivo Thermal Reading of Liver by Combining Superbright Ag2S Nanothermometers and In Silico Simulations
Authors: Lifante José , Shen Yingli , Zabala Gutierrez Irene , Rubia‐Rodríguez Irene , Ortega Daniel , Fernandez Nuria , Melle Sonia , Granado Miriam , Rubio‐Retama Jorge , Jaque Daniel , Ximendes Erving 
Published: March 2021

AbstractLuminescent nano‐thermometry is a fast‐developing technique with great potential for in vivo sensing, diagnosis, and therapy. Unfortunately, it presents serious limitations. The luminescence generated by nanothermometers, from which thermal readout is obtained, is strongly distorted by the attenuation induced by tissues. Such distortions lead to low signal levels and entangle absolute and reliable thermal monitoring of internal organs. Overcoming both limitations requires the use of high‐brightness luminescent nanothermometers and adopting more complex approaches for temperature estimation. In this work, it is demonstrated how superbright Ag2S nanothermometers can provide in vivo, reliable, and absolute thermal reading of the liver during laser‐induced hyperthermia. For that, a new procedure is designed in which thermal readout is obtained from the combination of in vivo transient thermometry measurements and in silico simulations. The synergy between in vivo and in silico measurements has made it possible to assess relevant numbers such as the efficiency of hyperthermia processes, the total heat energy deposited in the liver, and the relative contribution of Ag2S nanoparticles to liver heating. This work provides a new way for absolute thermal sensing of internal organs with potential application not only to hyperthermia processes but also to advanced diagnosis and therapy.
Modulating the Surface Ligand Orientation for Stabilized Anionic Redox in Li‐Rich Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Liu Yanchen , Zhu He , Zhu Hekang , Ren Yang , Zhu Yizhou , Huang Yalan , Dai Liang , Dou Shuming , Xu Jie , Sun Cheng‐Jun , Wang Xun‐Li , Deng Yida , Yuan Qunhui , Liu Xingjun , Wu Junwei , Chen Yanan , Liu Qi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAnionic redox chemistry is emerging as a key concept in the development of high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries, as it enables a nearly doubled charge storage capacity, aiding the development of high‐capacity batteries. However, the anionic reactivity is frequently irreversible from charge to discharge, leading to rapid decay of the capacity and voltage of batteries over long‐term cycling. Although the possibility of controlling the anionic redox reactions by tuning the geometric and electronic structures has recently been proposed, the implementation of this strategy is still a critical challenge. Herein, a strategy is proposed to improve the anionic redox reversibility of a model anionic redox active cathode material, Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2, by tuning the surface ligand geometry via the growth of a lattice‐compatible spinel LiCoO2 coating layer on the particle surface. Detailed local structure and first principles investigations reveal that the shape and orientation of the octahedral layer in the host lattice are modified. Accordingly, a two‐band oxygen redox behavior is triggered in the ligand‐orientation‐regulated Li‐rich cathode, leading to enhanced reversibility, and thus, remarkably improved capacity and voltage retention over cycling. This study highlights the importance of controllable ligand orientation, carving a new path for the development and design of Li‐rich cathodes in the future.
The accuracy of age estimation using transition analysis in the Hamann‐Todd collection
Authors: Simon Allyson M. , Hubbe Mark 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesReconstructing demography of past populations using skeletal data is challenging when analyzing adults because the process of biological aging does not always reflect the individual's chronological age. A proposed solution to address the limitations of traditional age estimation methods is transition analysis (TA), a multifactorial method of age estimation. However, despite its methodological refinement, TA has varying degrees of accuracy when applied to different known‐age skeletal samples. This study assesses TA's accuracy by comparing age estimates to known age at death in the Hamann‐Todd Collection.Materials and MethodsWe contrasted the maximum likelihood age estimates generated by the ADBOU program to the known ages of 221 individuals. The absolute error was calculated for the entire sample, and compared between sex and ancestry.ResultsThe mean absolute error in the sample is 11.6 (SD = 10.3) years, with white individuals' errors (14.1 years) being significantly higher than black individuals' (9.1 years; p < 0.001). No significant differences were found between sexes (p = 0.621). A weak to moderate positive correlation was found between known age and absolute error for white males (R = 0.607; p < 0.001), white females (R = 0.509; p < 0.001), and black males (R = 0.371; p = 0.006). The accuracy of TA age estimates varied when each anatomical region was analyzed independently, but the combination of all three anatomical regions yielded the most accurate age estimates.DiscussionThese findings further support that TA accuracy depends on the prior distribution used and, in the Hamann‐Todd Collection, the accuracy for white individuals is more influenced by this limitation than when black individuals are analyzed.
ENGAGE and EMERGE: Truth and consequences?
Authors: Kuller Lewis H. , Lopez Oscar L. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe potential benefit of the anti‐amyloid drug aducanumab based on results of recent EMERGE and ENGAGE clinical trials has generated great controversy and has very important implications for the future of anti‐amyloid drug therapies. The two trials of 18‐month duration were done in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early dementia. The ENGAGE trial showed no benefit while the high‐dose EMERGE trial initially also showed no benefit but with longer follow‐up there was a significant positive benefit. A recent review form the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Advisory Committee was negative while the FDA Office of Neurological Drugs was positive and the statisticians negative. This has generated debate about whether the drug should be approved, disapproved, require a new clinical trial, or approved for a subsample only. The implications for treating both MCI and Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with anti‐amyloid drugs is very substantial as well as the brain amyloid‐AD‐dementia hypothesis.