bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speech breathing: variable but individual over time and according to limb movements
Authors: Serré Hélène , Dohen Marion , Fuchs Susanne , Gerber Silvain , Rochet‐Capellan Amélie 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBreathing is variable but also highly individual. Since the 1980s, evidence of aventilatory personalityhas been observed in different physiological studies. This original term refers to within‐speaker consistency in breathing characteristics across days or even years. Speech breathing is a specific way to control ventilation while supporting speech planning and phonation constraints. It is highly variable between speakers but also for the same speaker, depending on utterance properties, bodily actions, and the context of an interaction. Can we yet still observe consistency over time in speakers’ breathing profiles despite these variations? We addressed this question by analyzing the breathing profiles of 25 native speakers of German performing a narrative task on 2 days under different limb movement conditions. The individuality of breathing profiles over conditions and days was assessed by adopting methods used in physiological studies that investigated a ventilatory personality. Our results suggest that speaker‐specific breathing profiles in a narrative task are maintained over days and that they stay consistent despite light physical activity. These results are discussed with a focus on better understanding what speech breathing individuality is, how it can be assessed, and the types of research perspectives that this concept opens up.
Oral epithelial dysplasia: Recognition, grading and clinical significance
Authors: Odell Edward , Kujan Omar , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Sloan Philip 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHistopathological grading of epithelial dysplasia remains the principal laboratory method for assessing the risk of malignant transformation in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). Current views on the molecular pathogenesis and histological interpretation of the features of epithelial dysplasia are described, and the use of grading systems for epithelial dysplasia is discussed. Changes to the current 2017 WHO criteria for diagnosis are proposed with emphasis on the architectural features of epithelial dysplasia. The predictive values of three‐grade and binary systems are summarised, and categories of epithelial dysplasia are reviewed, including lichenoid and verrucous lesions, keratosis of unknown significance, HPV‐associated dysplasia, differentiated and basaloid epithelial dysplasia. The implications of finding epithelial dysplasia in an oral biopsy for clinical management are discussed from the pathologists' viewpoint.
Simulation of Corneal imaging properties for near objects
Authors: Langenbucher Achim , Eppig Timo , Cayless Alan , Gatzioufas Zisis , Wendelstein Jascha , Hoffmann Peter , Szentmáry Nóra 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeUsing raytracing simulation to study the effect of corneal imaging metrics for different aperture sizes as a function of object distances with different schematic model eyes.MethodsThis raytracing simulation determined the best focus (with the least root‐mean‐square (rms) ray scatter) and the best wavefront focus (with least rms wavefront error) for four schematic model eyes (Liou‐Brennan (LBME), Atchison (ATCHME), Gullstrand (GULLME) and Navarro (NAVME)) with 4 aperture sizes (2–5 mm) and 30 object distances in a logscale from 10 cm to 10 m plus infinity. For each configuration, 10,000 rays were traced through the cornea, and the aperture stop was located at the lens front apex plane as described in the model eyes. The wavefront was decomposed into Zernike components to extract the spherical aberration term.ResultsThe focal distance with respect to the corneal front apex increases from around 31 mm for objects at infinity to around 40 mm for objects at 10 cm. The best (wavefront) focus was systematically closer to the cornea compared with the paraxial focus, and the overestimation of focal length with the paraxial focus was larger for large aperture sizes and small object distances. The rms ray scatter and wavefront error were both systematically larger with large aperture and small object sizes. At best focus the rms wavefront error was systematically larger, and the rms ray scatter was systematically smaller compared to the best wavefront focus. Spherical aberration varied more with GULLME than with LBME or NAVME, and increased strongly at smaller object distances.ConclusionsThe imaging properties of the cornea, especially spherical aberration, increase strongly as the object distance decreases. This effect should be considered, especially when considering aberration correcting lenses for near vision such as multifocal or enhanced depth of focus lenses.
Annular lipoatrophy of the ankle: Four new pediatric cases and a review of the literature
Authors: Touhouche Timila Assia , Tournier Emilie , Lamant Laurence , Hardy Juliette , Taieb Alain , Labreze Christine , Cony Marianne , Lepreux Sebastien , Chiaverini Christine , Lacour Jean Philippe , Cardot‐Leccia Nathalie , Bedane Christophe , Assikar Safae , Charissoux Aurélie , Mazereeuw‐Hautier Juliette 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAnnular lipoatrophy of the ankle is a rare and unique acquired lipoatrophic panniculitis that mainly affects children. There is no consensus on treatment, and the long‐term course is not well known. We present four new pediatric cases that contribute to the understanding of this rare disease.
Training in pediatric skin of color: Suggested curricular guidelines of the pediatric dermatology research alliance special interest group in pediatric skin of color
Authors: Silverberg Nanette B. , Jacob Sharon , Heath Candrice , Gonzalez Mercedes , Yu Jiade , Luu Minnelly , Benjamin Latanya , Kenner‐Bell Brandi , Oboite Michelle , Castelo‐Soccio Leslie , Stein Sarah L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDeficiencies in the skills necessary to diagnose and manage patients with skin of color may contribute to health disparities. The Pediatric Dermatology Research Alliance Special Interest Group in Pediatric Skin of Color (PSOCG) convened to generate a curriculum of topics required for basic pediatric skin of color (PSOC) education for medical students and residents in dermatology to improve the quality of education in PSOC.MethodsA survey was distributed to the PSOCG members to assess expert opinion regarding critical topics for inclusion in a basic PSOC syllabus. Video conference and two rounds of survey were used to rank topics for inclusion and to highlight the underlying need for inclusion.ResultsGroup members composed of academic pediatric dermatologists with teaching responsibilities including skin of color topics for dermatology residents and medical students. Learning objectives were developed for an educational lecture on basic science, and clinical conditions affecting PSOC were grouped by age—infantile, pediatric, and adolescent skin conditions affecting the PSOC population were identified for inclusion with rank score based on specific parameters including greater frequency in skin of color, nuances in skin of color, and need for medical workup.ConclusionsIncreased focus on PSOC education is needed to improve quality of care for children of color through enhanced knowledge. Inflammatory, genetic, and particularly primary pigmentary disorders should be the focus of a broad curriculum in pediatric skin of color education for medical trainees. Objectives should include improved diagnosis, treatment, and ability to educate patients and their families regarding the nature of their conditions.
Determinants of severe bradycardia in adolescents hospitalized for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Assalone Chiara , Leonardi Letizia , Franceschi Roberto , Fumanelli Jennifer , Maines Evelina , Marini Massimiliano , Quintarelli Silvia , Genovese Aldo , Soffiati Massimo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundSevere bradycardia is an indication supporting hospitalization in adolescents with eating disorders. Some adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) and significant weight loss present with a normal pulse rate at admission, whereas others have severe bradycardia, suggesting that total weight loss is not the most important determinant of bradycardia. The aims of this study were to define the prevalence of severe bradycardia as the cause for hospital admission in adolescents with AN, to evaluate correlations between known determinants of severe bradycardia and pulse rate at admission, and to evaluate the average time required to recover from severe bradycardia after re‐feeding.MethodsNinety‐nine hospitalized patients with AN were enrolled. Weight loss history, anthropometric, laboratory, and electrocardiogram data were collected at admission to and at discharge from hospital. Multivariate analysis was performed to detect the most important determinants of severe bradycardia.ResultsForty‐eight percent of the AN patient admissions were due to severe bradycardia (AN‐B+ group). Patients in this group had a higher maximum lifetime weight (P = 0.0045), greater premorbid weight loss (P = 0.0011), and more rapid weight loss (P = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that recent weight loss is an independent predictor of bradycardia at hospital admission (R2: 0.35, P = 0.0001). Severe bradycardia normalized after minimal weight gain of 0.25 ± 0.18 kg/day for 3–10 days.ConclusionsThis study confirms that recent weight loss is probably the most important determinant of severe bradycardia in adolescents with AN.
Nietzschean Autonomy and the Meaning of the “Sovereign Individual”*
Authors: Anderson R. Lanier 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis paper has two goals, one narrower and one wider. The limited goal is to address an interpretive dispute over the Genealogy’s description of the “sovereign individual,” a character type whose features bear on Nietzsche’s distinctive conceptions of conscience, promising, and what it is to take responsibility for oneself. The wider goal is to characterize Nietzschean autonomy. The basic idea is that the meaning of the sovereign individual emerges clearly in light of a distinction from Bernard Williams between two senses of responsibility—one tied to voluntary action, the other to an ambitious conception of responsible agency. What we learn from Williams about responsibility then illuminates Nietzschean autonomy, which is understood as a matter of overcoming psychological weakness by unifying the self.
Why So Serious? The Nature and Value of Play*
Authors: Ridge Michael 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, I develop an account of play and playfulness, argue it is superior to its rivals and investigate the value of play so understood. I begin by laying out some interesting semantic features of ‘play’ which have not previously been systematically investigated (section 1). A failure to note these distinctions can lead theorists (and has led them) into unwitting equivocations and confusions. Drawing on this broader semantic framework, I lay out and motivate a positive account of the meaning of ‘play’ and the nature of play full‐stop (section 2). I then survey some of this account’s main advantages (section 3) and argue that the theory helps us better understand thevalueof play (section 4), where this value should inform both moral theory and political philosophy. I then compare the proposal with rival theories (section 5). I conclude by suggesting directions for further research.
Transcriptional profiling and physiological responses reveal new insights into drought tolerance in a semiarid adapted species, Anacardium occidentale
Authors: Capelari É. F. , dos Anjos L. , Rodrigues N. F. , Sousa R. M. de J. , Silvera J. A. G. , Margis R. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Water stress affects plant performance at various organisational levels, from morphological to molecular, with a drastic drop in crop yield. Integrative studies involving transcriptomics and physiological data in recognized tolerant species are appropriate strategies to identify and understand molecular and functional processes related to water deficit tolerance. The cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale) is a species naturally adapted to environments with low water availability associated with adverse conditions such as heat, high radiation and salinity.

We used an integrative strategy, combining classical physiological measurements with high throughput RNA‐seq to understand the main adaptive mechanisms of cashew to water deficit followed by recovery.

Physiological analyses indicate that young cashew plants display typical isohydric behaviour. They first exhibit rapid stomatal closure, followed by CO2 assimilation, thus preserving the relative water content, membrane integrity and photosystem II activity. Differential expression was observed in 1733 genes from plant leaves exposed to water deficit stress for 26 days. Among them, 705 were upregulated and 1028 were downregulated. After rewatering, 1330 (76.7%) genes returned to their basal expression level.

Transcriptional, combined with physiological data, reveal that cashew plants display high phenotypic plasticity and resilience to acute water deficit, and do not activate senescence pathways. A series of genes/pathways and processes involved with drought tolerance in cashew are evidenced, particularly in carbon metabolism, photosynthesis and chloroplast homeostasis.
Characterization of Pectobacterium brasiliense strains from potato and vegetables in Israel
Authors: Tsror (Lahkim) Leah , Hélias Valerie , Mordechai‐Lebiush Sara , Erlich Orly , Hazanovsky Marina , Chalupowicz Laura , Reuven Michal , Dror Orit , Valinsky Lea , Laurent Angelique , Manulis‐Sasson Shulamit 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPectobacterium brasiliense (Pbr) infects a wide range of crops worldwide, causing potato blackleg and soft rot and vegetable soft rots. This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity and virulence variability among 68 Pbr strains isolated from either symptomless potato progeny tubers, diseased potato plants, ware potatoes wash water, or vegetables grown in Israel, as well as strains isolated from symptomless seed tubers grown in Europe, or diseased potato plants grown in France. The collection was typed using PCR and TaqMan real‐time PCR analyses, dnaX sequence analysis, pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and pectolytic activity. dnaX phylogeny grouped almost all strains in a common genetic clade related to Pbr, which was distinct from the other Pectobacterium species. PFGE analysis identified two main clusters, including one major group of 47 strains with 95%–100% similarity. Maceration assays on two potato cultivars showed significant differences between strains but with no correlations with the source of the strains nor the status of the host (with/without symptoms). Molecular (dnaX sequences and PFGE profiles) and phenotypic analyses (tuber maceration tests) showed that the tested Pbr strains are not a homogeneous group. Analysis of the tested Pbr strains isolated from potato and vegetables grown in fields with a history of potato cultivation suggests that seed tubers imported from Europe may be the main source for Pbr in Israel. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that describes biodiversity and population structure of P. brasiliense isolated from potato and vegetables under hot climate conditions.
A late Holocene shift of typhoon activity recorded by coastal sedimentary archives in eastern China
Authors: Yang Yang , Piper David J. W. , Normandeau Alexandre , Zhou Liang , Jia Jianjun , Wang Ya Ping , Gao Shu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractFrequency changes in intense typhoons are of great concern to modern society. However, current understanding of the influence of climate on typhoon activity on the millennial scale is restricted by the sparseness of pre‐observational reconstructions in the north‐western Pacific. This study presents a 5500 year long typhoon record from the Jiangsu coast that provides the first >2 ka record in eastern China. Variations in the D90 grain size are the best predictor of recent typhoons in a second short high‐resolution core. Comparison with other typhoon records from south‐eastern China establishes a China millennial typhoon variability index during the middle to late Holocene, with maxima at ca 4750 ± 170, 3500 ± 220, 1500 ± 480 and 250 ± 170 yr bp and minima at ca 5200 ± 300, 4150 ± 430, 2600 ± 650 and 750 ± 270 yr bp. Peaks in typhoon activity in south‐eastern China (compared with Japan) correlate with damped (enhanced) El Niño–Southern Oscillation and weak (strong) East Asian Summer Monsoon, indicating a seesaw pattern in typhoon activity between the two regions. A shift in typhoon frequency pattern was also identified around 2000 yr bp in south‐eastern China, with subsequent more frequent typhoon activity. At that time there was sustained Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation reduction and its associated El Niño–Southern Oscillation enhancement, so Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation‐driven El Niño–Southern Oscillation changes are likely to be the major cause of the significant increase in typhoon activity since 2000 yr bp, resulting in the 1500 ± 480 and 250 ± 170 yr bp China millennial typhoon variability peaks. To accurately predict changes in intense typhoon activity, it is therefore important to understand how the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and El Niño–Southern Oscillation will respond to future climate change.
Dynamics and stratigraphy of a tidal sand ridge in the Bristol Channel (Nash Sands banner bank) from repeated high‐resolution multibeam echo‐sounder surveys
Authors: Mitchell Neil C. , Jerrett Rhodri , Langman Rob 
Published: August 2021

AbstractRepeated multibeam echo‐sounder surveys can provide information on developing stratigraphy over large areas and during periods when environmental conditions are known. In this study, analysis encompasses 13 time‐separated multibeam echo‐sounder surveys between 2002 and 2010 of a tidal sand ridge in a macrotidal estuary: Nash Sands, a banner bank in the Bristol Channel (UK). Over the surveyed period, Nash Sands was S‐shaped in plan‐view, with twoen échelonsegments separated by a channel (swatchway). Migration of these inflections along the ridge led to deposition of clinoforms up to 5° to 7° steep and 12 to 14 m tall. The clinoforms downlapped onto their substrates or onto cross‐sets formed by dunes migrating clockwise around the lower flanks of the ridge. Clinoform topsets were removed or truncated by repeated erosion and/or dune migrations over the ridge crest and replaced with packages of near‐horizontal laterally discontinuous irregular beds. Flank dune crests were oriented obliquely to nearly perpendicularly to the clinoforms in all three sets, so the clinoforms developed by oblique−lateral accretion locally. Although one area had strongly eroded in the prior decade during elevated wave conditions, the 2002 to 2010 stratigraphic development revealed a different relationship with extreme wave heights; Nash Sands generally accumulated sand during times of more extreme waves and lost sand during more quiescent conditions. Using also single‐beam survey data from 1991 to 2002 to study the ridge morphology over 19 years to 2010, the swatchway was absent in 1991 to 1992 and progressively developed as the ridge sinuosity became more accentuated. Dunes found migrating north‐west through the swatchway are potential evidence of a current caused by tidal height differences across the ridge during ebb conditions. The study illustrates how repeated sonar measurements reveal the processes and timescales that lead to the deposition of stratigraphic units.
Seagrass development in terrigenous‐influenced inner ramp settings during the middle Eocene (Urbasa–Andia Plateau, Western Pyrenees, North Spain)
Authors: Baceta Juan Ignacio , Mateu‐Vicens Guillem 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSince their first occurrence in the late Cretaceous, seagrasses have played a major role in carbonate production and sedimentation across shallow‐water and nearshore environments, sustaining a prolific carbonate factory and contributing to sediment accumulation through the combination of baffling and trapping effects. Most reported Palaeogene seagrass occurrences developed in oligo−mesotrophic shallow warm‐water habitats and are characterized by distinct associations of small and larger benthic foraminifers adapted to low terrigenous influence. This study describes a number of seagrass episodes interbedded in the Bartonian (middle Eocene) of San Fausto–Lazkua area (Navarra region, North Spain), within a nearshore to inner‐ramp succession that, in spite of being deposited under general transgressive conditions, was highly influenced by terrigenous supply from the adjacent land. Up to twelve different seagrass bed intervals occur interbedded in a cyclical manner with high‐energy nearshore siliciclastics and inner ramp bioclastic carbonates rich in mesophotic−oligophotic foraminifers and heterozoan biota (red algae, echinoderms, bryozoans). Seagrass deposits exhibit typical unsorted textures, abundant bioturbation and moderate to high terrigenous content, and comprise a characteristic skeletal association of epiphytic foraminifers, red algae and, most particularly, of abundant encrusting acervulinids, commonly with distinct hooked and tubular growth forms. This abundance of suspension‐feeders relative to autotrophs and mixotrophs may be indicative of temperate waters, although the taxonomic diversity of the foraminiferal assemblages in both seagrass and non‐seagrass embedding deposits supports the interpretation of shallow, warm‐water conditions. The studied seagrass deposits provide evidence that high siliciclastic supply and associated nutrient input may determine the occurrence of temperate‐like seagrass deposits in warm‐water settings, analogous to extensive heterozoan carbonate production in modern shallow‐tropical environments. Thus, the identification and correct interpretation of past seagrass‐vegetated environments are crucial for reconstructing palaeoecological conditions in ancient shallow‐marine environments. Therefore, in comparison with carbonate‐dominated environments, the mixed terrigenous−carbonate seagrass deposits are volumetrically less important, presenting a more irregular, patchy distribution, and a skeletal assemblage dominated by heterotrophs, regardless of the water temperature.