bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial Fluid Balance Associated Outcomes in Children With Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
Authors: Al-Eyadhy Ayman , Hasan Gamal , Temsah Mohamad-Hani , Alseneidi Sara , Alalwan Malak , Alali Fatimah , Alhaboob Ali , Alabdulhafid Majed , Alsohime Fahad , Almaziad Mohamed , Somily Ali Mohammed 
Published: September 2021

Introduction
Net fluid balance and its role in sepsis-related mortality is not clear; studies suggest that aggressive fluid resuscitation can help in treatment, whereas others consider it is associated with poor outcomes. This study aimed to clarify the possible association of initial 24 hours' fluid balance with poor outcomes in pediatric patients with sepsis.

Methods
Retrospective data analysis included pediatric patients admitted with suspected or proven sepsis or septic shock to pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Results
The study included 47 patients; 13 (28%) died, and mortality rate was significant in children with neurologic failure (P < 0.02), mechanical ventilation within 24 hours of admission (P < 0.03), leukopenia (P < 0.02), abnormal international normalized ratio (P < 0.02), initial blood lactate levels higher than 5 mmol/L (P < 0.02), or positive fluid balance at 24 hours of admission to the PICU (P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Among children with sepsis and/or septic shock, there is significant association between mortality and initial high blood lactate levels and positive fluid balance at 24 hours from admission to the PICU.
Altering the tuning parameter settings of a commercial powered prosthetic foot to increase power during push-off may not reduce collisional work in the intact limb during gait
Authors: Davidson Audra M. , Childers W. Lee , Chang Young-Hui 
Published: September 2021

Background:
Increased knee osteoarthritis risk in patients with unilateral lower extremity limb loss is attributed to increased intact limb loading. Modulating powered ankle prosthesis push-off power may be an effective way to modulate intact limb loading. We examined how changes in the parameter settings of a commercial prosthetic ankle affect power delivery during push-off and the resulting collisional work experienced by the intact limb in persons with unilateral lower extremity limb loss.

Methods:
Five subjects with unilateral transtibial amputation were fitted with a commercially available powered ankle prosthesis (Ottobock Empower). Subjects walked on a treadmill in seven conditions, where ankle power delivery settings were adjusted using methods accessible to clinicians. Kinetics and kinematics data were collected.

Results:
Standard adjustment of parameter settings within the prosthetic foot did not alter timing of peak prosthesis power or intact limb collisional work but did have a significant effect on the magnitude of positive prosthesis ankle work. Increased prosthesis work did not decrease intact limb collisional work as predicted.

Conclusions:
Altering the parameter settings on a commercial powered ankle prosthesis affected the magnitude, but not the timing, of power delivered. Increased prosthesis push-off power did not decrease intact limb loading.
GraviKit: an easy-to-implement microscope add-on for observation of gravitation dependent processes
Authors: Feldhaus Christian , Kolb Martina , Küppers Michelle , Hardy Steffen , Palmisano Ralph 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOne of the most important environmental cues for living organisms is gravity and many developmental processes depend on it. However, when it comes to light microscopy, a majority of studies on these processes work with their objects of interest placed perpendicular to their natural orientation. One reason for that is probably that light microscopes with the required horizontal beampath are either costly or require advanced technical skills. To circumvent these obstacles and make imaging of gravity-dependent processes with a horizontal beampath possible for any lab we developed GraviKit. It converts a standard inverted research microscope into an imaging device with a horizontal beampath with a stage that rotates the sample around the optical axis. Like this, the direction of gravity can be freely chosen during an imaging experiment. The system is easy to implement and suitable for multi-user environments.
Population dynamics of the thalamic head direction system during drift and reorientation
Authors: Ajabi Zaki , Keinath Alexandra T. , Wei Xue-Xin , Brandon Mark P. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe head direction (HD) system is classically modeled as a ring attractor network1,2 which ensures a stable representation of the animal’s head direction. This unidimensional description popularized the view of the HD system as the brain’s internal compass3,4. However, unlike a globally consistent magnetic compass, the orientation of the HD system is dynamic, depends on local cues and exhibits remapping across familiar environments5. Such a system requires mechanisms to remember and align to familiar landmarks, which may not be well described within the classic 1-dimensional framework. To search for these mechanisms, we performed large population recordings of mouse thalamic HD cells using calcium imaging, during controlled manipulations of a visual landmark in a familiar environment. First, we find that realignment of the system was associated with a continuous rotation of the HD network representation. The speed and angular distance of this rotation was predicted by a 2nd dimension to the ring attractor which we refer to as network gain, i.e. the instantaneous population firing rate. Moreover, the 360-degree azimuthal profile of network gain, during darkness, maintained a ‘memory trace’ of a previously displayed visual landmark. In a 2nd experiment, brief presentations of a rotated landmark revealed an attraction of the network back to its initial orientation, suggesting a time-dependent mechanism underlying the formation of these network gain memory traces. Finally, in a 3rd experiment, continuous rotation of a visual landmark induced a similar rotation of the HD representation which persisted following removal of the landmark, demonstrating that HD network orientation is subject to experience-dependent recalibration. Together, these results provide new mechanistic insights into how the neural compass flexibly adapts to environmental cues to maintain a reliable representation of the head direction.
Enzymatic Beacons for Specific Sensing of Dilute Nucleic Acid and Potential Utility for SARS-CoV-2 Detection
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Kotikam Venubabu , Rozners Eriks , Callahan Brian P. 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTEnzymatic beacons, or E-beacons, are 1:1 bioconjugates of the nanoluciferase enzyme linked covalently at its C-terminus to hairpin forming DNA oligonucleotides equipped with a dark quencher. We prepared E-beacons biocatalytically using the promiscuous “hedgehog” protein-cholesterol ligase, HhC. Instead of cholesterol, HhC attached nanoluciferase site-specifically to mono-sterylated hairpin DNA, prepared in high yield by solid phase synthesis. We tested three potential E-beacon dark quenchers: Iowa Black, Onyx-A, and dabcyl. Prototype E-beacon carrying each of those quenchers provided sequence-specific nucleic acid sensing through turn-on bioluminescence. For practical application, we prepared dabcyl-quenched E-beacons for potential use in detecting the COVID-19 virus, SARS-CoV-2. Targeting the E484 codon of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, E-beacons (80 × 10−12 M) reported wild-type SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid at ≥1 × 10−9 M with increased bioluminescence of 8-fold. E-beacon prepared for the E484K variant of SARS-CoV-2 functioned with similar sensitivity. These E-beacons could discriminate their complementary target from nucleic acid encoding the E484Q mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 Kappa variant. Along with specificity, detection sensitivity with E-beacons is two to three orders of magnitude better than synthetic molecular beacons, rivaling the most sensitive nucleic acid detection agents reported to date.
A uniqueToxoplasma gondiihaplotype under strong selection has accompanied domestic cats in their global expansion
Authors: Galal Lokman , Ariey Frédéric , Gouilh Meriadeg Ar , Dardé Marie-Laure , Hamidović Azra , Letourneur Franck , Prugnolle Franck , Mercier Aurélien 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTToxoplasma gondiiis a cyst-forming apicomplexan parasite of virtually all warm-blooded species, with all true cats (Felidae) as definitive hosts. It is the etiologic agent of toxoplasmosis, a disease causing substantial public health burden worldwide. Its wide range of host species and its global occurrence probably complicate the study of its evolutionary history, and conflicting scenarios have been proposed to explain its current global distribution. In this study, we analyse a global set of 156 genomes (including 105 new genomes) and we provide the first direct estimate ofT. gondiimutation rate and the first estimate of its generation time. We elucidate how the evolution ofT. gondiipopulations is intimately linked to the major events that have punctuated the recent history of cats. We show that a unique haplotype —whose length represents only 0.16% of the wholeT. gondiigenome— is common to all domesticT. gondiistrains worldwide and has accompanied wild cats (Felis silvestris) during their emergence from the wild to domestic settlements, their dispersal in the Old World and their recent expansion to the Americas in the last six centuries. By combining environmental and functional data to selection inference tools, we show that selection of this domestic haplotype is most parsimoniously explained by its role in initiation of sexual reproduction ofT. gondiiin domestic cats.
Subtle immunological differences in mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine induced Fc-functional profiles
Authors: Kaplonek Paulina , Cizmeci Deniz , Fischinger Stephanie , Collier Ai-ris , Suscovich Todd , Linde Caitlyn , Broge Thomas , Mann Colin , Amanat Fatima , Dayal Diana , Rhee Justin , de St. Aubin Michael , Nilles Eric J. , Musk Elon R. , Menon Anil S. , Saphire Erica Ollmann , Krammer Florian , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , Barouch Dan H. , Alter Galit 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe successful development of several COVID-19 vaccines has substantially reduced morbidity and mortality in regions of the world where the vaccines have been deployed. However, in the wake of the emergence of viral variants, able to evade vaccine induced neutralizing antibodies, real world vaccine efficacy has begun to show differences across the mRNA platforms, suggesting that subtle variation in immune responses induced by the BNT162b2 and mRNA1273 vaccines may provide differential protection. Given our emerging appreciation for the importance of additional antibody functions, beyond neutralization, here we profiled the postboost binding and functional capacity of the humoral response induced by the BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 in a cohort of hospital staff. Both vaccines induced robust humoral immune responses to WT SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs. However, differences emerged across epitopespecific responses, with higher RBD- and NTD-specific IgA, as well as functional antibodies (ADNP and ADNK) in mRNA-1273 vaccine recipients. Additionally, RBD-specific antibody depletion highlighted the different roles of non-RBD-specific antibody effector function induced across the mRNA vaccines, providing novel insights into potential differences in protective immunity generated across these vaccines in the setting of newly emerging VOCs.
Partial exogastrulation due to apical-basal polarity of F-actin distribution disruption in sea urchin embryo by omeprazole
Authors: Watanabe Kaichi , Yasui Yuhei , Kurose Yuta , Fujii Masashi , Yamamoto Takashi , Sakamoto Naoaki , Awazu Akinori 
Published: September 2021

AbstractGastrulation is a universal process in the morphogenesis of many animal embryos. Although morphological and molecular events in gastrulation have been well studied, the mechanical driving forces and underlying regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the gastrulation of embryos of a sea urchin,Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus, which involves the invagination of a single-layered vegetal plate into the blastocoel. We observed that omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor capable of perturbing the left-right asymmetry of sea urchin embryo, induced “partial exogastrulation” where the secondary invagination proceeds outward. During early gastrulation, intracellular apical-basal polarity of F-actin distribution in vegetal half were higher than those in animal half, while omeprazole treatment disturbed the apical-basal polarity of F-actin distribution in vegetal half. Furthermore, gastrulation stopped and even partial exogastrulation did not occur when F-actin polymerization or degradation in whole embryo was partially inhibited viaRhoAorYAP1knockout. A mathematical model of the early gastrulation reproduced the shapes of both normal and exogastrulating embryos using cell-dependent cytoskeletal features based on F-actin. Additionally, such cell position-dependent intracellular F-actin distributions might be regulated by intracellular pH distributions. Therefore, apical-basal polarity of F-actin distribution disrupted by omeprazole may induce the partial exogastrulation via anomalous secondary invagination.
Two intrinsic timing mechanisms set start and end times for dendritic arborization of a nociceptive neuron
Authors: Suzuki Nobuko , Zou Yan , Sun HaoSheng , Eichel Kelsie , Shao Meiyu , Shen Kang , Chang Chieh 
Published: September 2021

SummaryChoreographic dendritic arborization takes place within a defined time frame, but the timing mechanism is currently not known. Here, we report that the precisely timed lin-4-lin-14 regulatory circuit triggers an initial dendritic growth activity whereas the precisely timed lin-28-let-7-lin-41 regulatory circuit signals a subsequent developmental decline in dendritic growth ability, hence restricting dendritic arborization within a set time frame. Loss-of-function mutations in the lin-4 microRNA gene cause limited dendritic outgrowth whereas loss-of-function mutations in its direct target, the lin-14 transcription factor gene, cause precocious and excessive outgrowth. In contrast, loss-of-function mutations in the let-7 microRNA gene prevent a developmental decline in dendritic growth ability whereas loss-of-function mutations in its upstream regulator, the lin-28 RNA-binding protein gene, and its direct target, the lin-41 tripartite motif protein gene, cause further decline. lin-4 and let-7 regulatory circuits are expressed in the right place at the right time to set start and end times for PVD dendritic arborization. Replacing the endogenous lin-4 promoter at the lin-4 locus with a late-onset let-7 promoter delays PVD dendrite arborization whereas replacing the endogenous let-7 promoter at the let-7 locus with an early-onset lin-4 promoter causes precocious decline in dendritic growth ability in PVD neurons. Our results indicate that the lin-4-lin-14 and the lin-28-let-7-lin-41 regulatory circuits control the timing of dendrite arborization through antagonistic regulation of the DMA-1 receptor level on dendrites. The LIN-14 transcription factor directly represses the dma-1 gene expression through a transcriptional means whereas the LIN-41 tripartite motif protein indirectly activates the dma-1 gene expression through a post-transcriptional means.
Photoinactivation of catalase sensitizes Candida albicans and Candida auris to ROS-producing agents and immune cells
Authors: Dong Pu-Ting , Zhan Yuewei , Jusuf Sebastian , Hui Jie , Dagher Zeina , Mansour Michael K. , Cheng Ji-Xin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractNearly all organisms found in nature have evolved and developed their own specific strategies to cope with reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase, a heme-containing tetramer protein expressed in a broad range of aerobic fungi, has been utilized as an essential enzymatic ROS detoxifying mechanism, and shows remarkable efficiency in degrading hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for fungal cell survival and host invasion. Here, we demonstrate that catalase inactivation with blue light renders fungal cells highly susceptible to ROS attack, thus resembling a ‘strength-to-weakness optical switch’. To unveil catalase as the underlying molecular target of blue light and its inactivation mechanism, we systematically compared wild-type Candida albicans to a catalase-deficient mutant strain for susceptibility to ROS in the absence/presence of 410 nm treatment. Upon testing on a wide range of fungal species and strains, we found that intracellular catalase could be effectively and universally inactivated by 410 nm blue light. We find that the photoinactivation of catalase in combination with ROS-generating agents is highly effective and potent in achieving full eradication of multiple fungal species and strains, including multiple clinical strains of Candida auris, the causative agent of the global fungal epidemic. In addition, photoinactivation of catalase is shown to facilitate macrophage killing of intracellular Candida albicans. The antifungal efficacy of catalase photoinactivation is further validated using a Candida albicans-induced mouse model of skin abrasion. Taken together, our findings offer a novel catalase-photoinactivation approach to address multidrug-resistant Candida infections.
Information-based summary statistics for spatial genetic structure inference
Authors: Qin Xinghu , Gaggiotti Oscar E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractInference of spatial patterns of genetic structure often relies on parameter estimation and model evaluation using a set of summary statistics (SS) that summarise the information present in the data. An important subset of these SS is best described as diversity indices, which are based on information theory principles that can be classified as belonging to three different ‘families’ encompassing a spectrum of information measures,qH. These include the richness family of orderq= 0,ArSS; the Shannon family of orderq= 1,HSS; and the heterozygosity family of orderq= 2,HeSS. Although commonly used by ecologists, the Shannon family has been rather neglected by population geneticists and evolutionary biologists. However, recent population genetic studies have advocated their use, yet the power of these SS for spatial structure discrimination has not been systematically assessed.In this study, we performed a comprehensive assessment of the three families of SS, as well as a fourth family consisting of SS belonging to the Shannon family but expressed in terms of Hill numbers, for spatial structure inference using simulated microsatellites data under typical spatial scenarios. To give an unbiased evaluation, we used three machine learning methods, Kernel Local Fisher discriminant analysis (KLFDA), random forest classification (RFC), and deep neural network (DL), to test the performance of different SS to discriminate between spatial scenarios, and then identified the most informative metrics for discriminatory power.Results showed that the SS family of orderq= 1 expressed in terms of Hill numbers,, outperformed the other two families (ArSS,HeSS) as well as the untransformed Shannon entropy (HSS) family. Jaccard dissimilarity (J) and its Mantel’srshowed the highest discriminatory power to discriminate all spatial scenarios, followed by Shannon differentiation ΔDand its Mantel’sr.Information-based summary statistics, especially the diversity of orderq= 1 and Shannon differentiation measures, can increase the power of spatial structure inference. In addition, different sets of SS provide complementary power for discriminating between spatial scenarios.
Exploring opioid addictions and responsibilities: almost lost in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Smith Alan David 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to highlight the overshadowing of the opioid crisis due to Covid-19 pandemic. Opioids are affecting increasing numbers as the current opioid overdose death rate is increasing to 209 per day. While there appears light shining on the end of the Covid-19 pandemic with the advent of a fourth vaccine, there is no such light for the opioid epidemic. Based on a sample of 603 relatively educated adults in NE Ohio, the health harm caused by both crises, prescribing physician blaming, high levels of income loss and physical and emotional burdens shared by the respondents were obvious and striking.

Design/methodology/approach
Using Bertram et al. (2014) theory of the blame model, the number of results concerning gender and personally involvement of friends and family members, including men empathy increased with greater knowledge of numbers of addicted opioid users in their personal contracts.

Findings
Unfortunately, many women had to remain home taking care of children and elderly loved ones at greater percentages than their male counterparts may account for less empathy as such addicted users have become a burden to economically impaired families. This tendency for placing blame for circumstances with twin crises appears to follow a relatively predictable path as modeled by Bertram et al. (2014) (i.e. denial, justification and excuse).

Originality/value
These are few studies that are studying the amplification effects of the Covid-19 pandemic context on the current opioid crisis.
Digital competence of a teacher involved in the implementation of a cross-border lesson for classrooms in Brazil and Chile
Authors: Isoda Masami , Estrella Soledad , Zakaryan Diana , Baldin Yuriko , Olfos Raimundo , Araya Roberto 
Published: September 2021

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the digital competence displayed by a primary school teacher who implemented an interdisciplinary cross-border lesson that was designed with the lesson study methodology and involved two countries: Brazil and Chile.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative methodology was adopted via the case study method through which the case of a sixth-grade Chilean teacher participating in the study was documented. The data were collected through a lesson plan, a videotape of the implemented lesson and a questionnaire. A professional digital competence framework for teachers provided an analytical perspective via data analysis.FindingsThe results show that the teacher displayed digital competence in a synchronous collaborative learning environment in which she had time to reflect on the educational value of technology and appropriate teaching methods involving information and communication technologies. Certain elements of the studied case contributed to this performance, namely the cross-border context, the classroom setting and the collaborative Lesson Study methodology.Practical implicationsThe lesson study methodology facilitated the teacher's performance in the “Pedagogy and didactics” digital competence by enabling her to participate in planning and implementing a lesson that allowed all those who collaborated, including teachers and researchers, to reflect on teaching in a digital learning environment.Social implicationsThe cross-border context, which involved co-designing and implementing a lesson in two countries, allowed the teacher to display her “School in society” and “Ethics” competencies. This was achieved through connecting two classrooms with different languages and cultures digitally and synchronously, thereby providing students the opportunity to debate and participate in a global and local problem such as a country's responsibility for energy consumption.Originality/valueModern society requires the transformation of school practices, and new teaching approaches should include the provision of collaborative spaces that incorporate digital technologies. In this sense, this paper shows that cross-border lessons involving a synchronous learning environment offer a potential alternative, as digital teaching competence enables teachers to bring together different social and cultural groups virtually, thereby contributing to the reduction of social gaps and to the promotion of positive identity among less advantaged students.