bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of prior cancer on non‐small cell lung cancer trial eligibility
Authors: Herman Michael , Liu Zhihui , Shepherd Frances A. , Leighl Natasha , Liu Geoffrey , Bradbury Penelope A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesApproximately 20% of patients diagnosed with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have a history of prior (non‐lung) cancer. Patients with prior cancer are frequently excluded from clinical trials. We aimed to assess the potential impact of prior cancer on commonly used clinical trial endpoints.Materials and MethodsClinical trials of systemic therapy for incurable NSCLC from clinicaltrials.gov were reviewed to determine the frequency of exclusion on the basis of prior cancer. A cohort of patients with incurable NSCLC and prior cancer, treated with first‐line systemic treatment at our institution were reviewed as a surrogate clinical trial population. A list of priori events was developed to capture the potential for prior cancer to negatively affect clinical trial conduct or endpoints. The proportions of patients that developed an outcome were assessed.ResultsAmong trials registered on clinicaltrials.gov, 66% listed prior cancer in the eligibility criteria, and of these 35% excluded patients with prior cancer in the last 5 years. Of NSCLC patients treated with systemic therapy at Princess Margaret Cancer Center, 20% had prior cancer, of these, breast (20%) and prostate (19%) were the most common malignancies. Median time between prior cancer and NSCLC was 82 months. Median survival was 20 months. For patients without evidence of active prior cancer at baseline, and not on active therapy for prior cancer, no patients had evidence of a recurrence of prior cancer during the treatment and follow‐up for the NSCLC, nor died from prior cancer. However, two patients developed new primaries.ConclusionsA history of prior cancer has a low likelihood of impacting clinical trial endpoints in patients with incurable NSCLC, if not active or requiring treatment. These findings should be validated in larger data sets.
Pulmonary valve replacement with annulus enlargement for pulmonary valve infective endocarditis: A case report
Authors: Aizawa Kei , Horikoshi Ryohei , Shimizu Keisuke , Uesugi Satoshi , Sugaya Akira , Kurumisawa Soki , Itagaki Ryo , Kawahito Koji 
Published: June 2021

AbstractRight‐sided infected endocarditis (IE) is very rare, especially PVIE accounts for 1.6%‐2.7% % of all IE cases. We successfully treated a IE of pulmonary valve patient with bioprosthetic valve and annulus enlargement with pericardial patch.
Tumor immune tissue response to a solitary fibrous tumor treated with pazopanib
Authors: Kawano Toshiaki , Hirano Takashi , Fujinaga Maki , Kadowaki Yoshinori , Matsunaga Takayuki , Tateyama Kaori , Kizu Yumi , Suzuki Masashi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn our case, tumor tissues were collected thrice during the course of treatment for immunohistological evaluation. The tumor was consistently positive for VEGF, suggesting that pazopanib was effective in the treatment of solitary fibrous tumor.
Case report describing balloon dilatation as a treatment for acute intraprosthetic regurgitation immediately following implantation of a SAPIEN‐3 transcatheter aortic valve
Authors: Pal Nikhil , Chew Derek , Sinhal Ajay 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAcute intraprosthetic regurgitation is a rare but potentially devastating complication following the transcatheter aortic valve implantation; here, balloon dilatation could provide a potential treatment option for these patients.
Use of osteosynthesis titanium microplates in rhinoplasty
Authors: Xavier Rui , Amorim Hugo , Menger Dirk‐Jan , de Carvalho Henrique Cyrne , Spratley Jorge 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEven in the most difficult clinical scenario of reconstructive rhinoplasty, a solid fixation of the nasal L‐strut is possible. Fixation by using titanium microplates screwed to the facial skull has proved to be stable two years after surgery, providing a good outcome.
A novel case of food poisoning caused by the consumption of Pacific bluefin tuna infected with Kudoahexapunctata
Authors: Tachibana Takayuki , Watari Takashi 
Published: June 2021

AbstractConsumption of Japanese cuisine, such as sushi and sashimi, is accompanied by the risk of food poisoning through various pathogens. Kudoa hexapunctata, detected in both adult and juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna, causes foodborne diseases. Here, we report cases of food poisoning after Kudoa hexapunctata‐infected PBT consumption.We suggest that medical history about the fish used in sashimi and sushi preparation is used to assist in making the diagnosis as Kudoa infection.
Thyroid disease and covid‐19 infection: Case series
Authors: Allam Magdy Mohamed , El‐Zawawy Hanaa Tarek , Ahmed Soha Magdy , Aly Abdelhamid Mohamed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEarly and frequent evaluation of thyroid profile in COVID‐19 infected patients is crucial as it will influence thyroid disease sequelae and management in those patients; moreover, it will facilitate setting an appropriate management plan.
Dynamic clustering and routing using multi‐objective particle swarm optimization with Levy distribution for wireless sensor networks
Authors: S Jagadeesh , I Muthulakshmi 
Published: June 2021

SummaryEnergy‐efficient clustering and routing are two well‐known optimization problems, mainly employed to achieve energy efficiency and maximum network lifetime in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The clustering and routing processes can be considered as an NP‐hard problem, and metaheuristic algorithms can be applied to resolve it. In this paper, a dynamic clustering and process protocol based on multi‐objective particle swarm optimization with Levy distribution (MOPSO‐L) algorithm. Since the parameters in WSN are related to one another, multi‐objective parameters should be included in the process of cluster head selection and routing. The proposed MOPSO‐L technique is presented for organizing the clusters and CH chosen by merging consolidated and shared models. The MOPSO‐L algorithm incorporates the benefits of PSO algorithm along with the merits of Levy distribution to escape from trapping into local optima. The presented model undergoes comparison with existing techniques under three different scenarios based on the location of the BS with respect to average energy consumption, number of data transmission, and network lifetime. The experimental outcome reveals that the proposed model attains extended network lifetime as well as efficient energy over its comparatives.
The role of competition and herbivory in biotic resistance against invaders: a synergistic effect
Authors: Santamaría Jorge , Tomas Fiona , Ballesteros Enric , Ruiz Juan M. , Bernardeau‐Esteller Jaime , Terrados Jorge , Cebrian Emma 
Published: June 2021

AbstractInvasive species pose a major threat to global diversity, and once they are well established their eradication typically becomes unfeasible. However, certain natural mechanisms can increase the resistance of native communities to invaders and can be used to guide effective management policies. Both competition and herbivory have been identified as potential biotic resistance mechanisms that can limit plant invasiveness, but it is still under debate to what extent they might be effective against well‐established invaders. Surprisingly, whereas biotic mechanisms are known to interact strongly, most studies to date have examined single biotic mechanisms separately, which likely influences our understanding of the strength and effectiveness of biotic resistance against invaders. Here we use long‐term field data, benthic assemblage sampling, and exclusion experiments to assess the effect of native assemblage complexity and herbivory on the invasion dynamics of a successful invasive species, the algaCaulerpa cylindracea. A higher complexity of the native algal assemblage limitedC. cylindraceainvasion, probably through competition by canopy‐forming and erect algae. Additionally, high herbivory pressure by the fishSarpa salpareducedC. cylindraceaabundance by more than four times. However, long‐term data of the invasion reflects that biotic resistance strength can vary across the invasion process and it is only where high assemblage complexity is concomitant with high herbivory pressure, that the most significant limitation is observed (synergistic effect). Overall, the findings reported in this study highlight that neglecting the interactions between biotic mechanisms during invasive processes and restricting the studied time scales may lead to underestimations of the true capacity of native assemblages to develop resistance to invaders.
Assessment of extraction options for a next‐generation biofuel: Recovery of bio‐isobutanol from aqueous solutions
Authors: Fu Chuhan , Li Zhuoxi , Zhang Yulei , Yi Conghua , Xie Shaoqu 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIsobutanol is a widely used platform compound and a raw material for synthesizing many high value‐added compounds. It also has excellent fuel properties and is an ideal gasoline additive or substitute with a very broad development space. Isobutanol production by biological fermentation has the advantages of a comprehensive source of raw materials, low cost, environmental protection, and sustainability. However, it also has disadvantages such as many impurities, low isobutanol concentration, and difficulty separating the water + isobutanol azeotrope. Thus, it is necessary to explore an appropriate downstream separation process for the water + isobutanol azeotrope. K2CO3 with a strong salting‐out effect was used as the salting‐out agent, and the salting‐out of isobutanol from aqueous solutions was investigated at 298.15 K. The effect of the initial salt concentration in the aqueous solution, the recovery of isobutanol, and the effect of dehydration were investigated in detail. The e‐NRTL‐RK model was employed to generate the binary parameters for isobutanol and water, and electrolyte pair parameters for water/isobutanol and ions to reproduce the phase diagram with high accuracy. The processes of solvent extractive distillation, and salting‐out + distillation were simulated by Aspen Plus. The energy consumptions for the solvent‐based and salting‐out‐based processes were compared. The salting‐out + distillation process turned out to be more energy‐saving than the solvent extraction process.
Experimental exergy analyses in aDIdiesel engine fuelled with a mixture of diesel fuel andTiO2nano‐particle
Authors: Jafarmadar Samad , Amini Niaki Seyed Reza 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this study, the operation of a four‐cylinder, four‐stroke DI diesel engine powered by fuels created by blending diesel and TiO2nanoparticles was evaluated based on energy and exergy analyses. Within the study's scope, it is possible to see the engine's performance, combustion, emission, and heat transfer distribution at various engine speeds. The engine was tested by operating it with diesel and fuel blends, diesel‐2.5 ppm TiO2. According to obtained results, it was found that by adding 2.5 ppm TiO2to diesel fuel, energy and exergy efficiency increased by 4.1% and 3%. Engine power and shaft exergy improved by 3.4%, and diesel‐2.5 ppm TiO2blends decreased irreversibility by 3.8%. Diesel‐2.5 ppm TiO2blended fuel decreases the exhaust loss exergy and exhaust heat losses by 2.5% and 1.4% and also uncounted heat losses reduced by 5.7% compared with baseline diesel. Moreover, the exergy transfer with cooling water increased by 10.5% compared with baseline diesel fuel. The brake specific fuel consumption was 3% lower for diesel and 2.5 ppm TiO2nanoparticle blended fuels. The engine fueled with blended fuel revealed mitigation in the UHC, CO, and Soot emissions than those of diesel fuel. NOx emission exhibited increasing trends with the blended fuel. It is concluded that diesel blend with the addition of TiO2nanoparticles exhibits better engine performance and reduced emissions compared to diesel fuel.
Multi‐objective optimization and techno‐economic analysis of CO2 utilization through direct synthesis of di‐methyl ether plant
Authors: Yasari Elham , Panahi Mehdi , Rafiee Ahmad 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIn this study, a multiobjective optimization problem (MOOP) with two objective functions (maximization of di‐methyl‐ether (DME) production rate and minimization of carbon dioxide release) was applied to the direct synthesis of DME from a natural gas‐derived synthesis gas (syngas). Twelve degrees of freedom were considered. The MOOP results suggest that the process with a maximum DME production rate of 1686 kmol/hr releases 4788 kmol/hr CO2 while the CO2 release of the process with DME production rate of 1282 kmol/hr is 1761 kmol/hr. The higher the DME production rate, the lower net CO2 emission to the air, natural gas consumption, and energy consumption per kg of the DME produced. In addition, the process with a higher DME production rate has a higher carbon efficiency and power production from the produced steam. The annual profit criteria of the overall process were used as a posterior preference index to select the best point from the resultant multiobjective optimization Pareto front. It was shown that the plant with the topmost DME production rate has the utmost annual profit compared to other Pareto optimum points. Lastly, the effect of degrees of freedom on the maximum DME production rate is discussed.
Evaluating a new landform evolution model: A case study using a proposed mine rehabilitation landform
Authors: Welivitiya W. D. Dimuth P. , Willgoose Garry R. , Hancock Greg R. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractLandform evolution models are powerful tools for determining long‐term erosional stability and denudation rates spanning geological timescales. SIBERIA, CAESAR and CHILD are examples of these model. The newly developed State Space Soil Production and Assessment Model (SSSPAM) coupled soilscape‐landform evolution model has the ability to assess overall erosion rates of catchment scale landforms either using short‐term precipitation events, variable precipitation or time‐averaged precipitation (annual average). In addition, SSSPAM has the capability of developing the subsurface soil profile through weathering and armouring. In SSSPAM, physical processes of pedogenesis such as erosion and armouring, diffusion, sediment deposition and weathering are modelled using a state space matrix approach. In this article we simulate the short‐term evolution (100 years) of a proposed post‐mining landform using both SIBERIA and SSSPAM and compare the erosion and sediment output results. For the short‐term simulations SSSPAM's armouring capability was disabled. The models were then used to simulate the evolution of the catchment for 10,000 years. Results demonstrate that the short‐term SSSPAM simulation results compare well with the results from the established landform evolution model SIBERIA. The long‐term armouring disabled SSSPAM simulations produces simulated erosion rates comparable with SIBERIA simulations both of which are similar to upper limit of field measured denudation rates. The SSSPAM simulation using armouring demonstrated that armouring reduced the erosion rate of the catchment by a factor of 4 which is comparable with the lower limit of field measured denudation rates. This observation emphasizes the importance of armouring in long‐term evolution of landforms. Soil profile cross‐sections developed from the same results show that SSSPAM can also reproduce subsurface soil evolution and stratification and spatial variability of soil profile characteristics typically observed in the field.
Fighting to Be Heard: Latina Adolescent Girls Writing Toward Change
Authors: Flores Tracey T. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe author explores the words and writing of Rocky, Reyna, Blanca, and Elizabeth (grades 6–12) through their participation in Somos Escritoras/We Are Writers, a creative space for Latina girls and their parents. For 6 weeks, alongside their parents, girls used drawing and personal writing to dialogue about their experiences and bring into language the issues most important in their lives and worlds. Alongside one another, their writing served as a tool to define themselves and supported them in developing visions for the future. Their voices illuminate the urgency of connecting our writing classrooms and community spaces to the lives of youth to make writing relevant and meaningful in order to move our words into action.
Fried egg sign: A typical ultrasonography feature of neurolymphomatosis
Authors: Lee Ying‐Chieh , Huang Guo‐Shu , Chang Wei‐Chou , Hsu Yi‐Chih 
Published: June 2021

AbstractNeurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare condition caused by non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma or leukemia. We present a case of NL and describe ultrasound features, including the “fried egg sign” in which there is a clear demarcation between an avascular echogenic core and a hypoechoic vascularized peripheral zone that may help to distinguish NL from primary nerve sheath tumors.
Utility of [4‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin‐2‐yl]cyanamide in synthesis of some heterocyclic compounds
Authors: Hussein Bahgat R. M. , Khodairy Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

AbstractN‐[4‐(3‐Methoxyphenyl)pyrimidin‐2‐yl]cyanamide (1) was reacted with morpholine and respective binuclephilic reagents namely: ethylenediamine, o‐phenylenediamine, o‐aminothiophenol, or o‐aminophenol to give the corresponding carboximidamide 2, imidazolidine 3, and benzazoles 4–6. While its reaction with hydrazides in DMF at 90°C, gave the corresponding 1,2,4‐triazols 7–11. Also, treatment of cyanamide 1 with heterocycles having both nucleophilic and electrophilic groups (─NH2/─COOEt) in iso‐propanol in presence of catalytic amount of Conc. HCl, gave the corresponding thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidinone 12 and unexpected thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidine 13 instead of bis‐thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidine 14, respectively. While, its reaction with ethyl 5‐amino‐1,3‐thiazole‐4‐carboxylate yielded the unexpected N‐(pyrimidin‐2‐yl)urea 15 rather than the corresponding thiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidine 16. Unexpected N‐(pyrimidin‐2‐yl)thiourea 17 was obtained, when cyanamide 1 reacted with potassium thiolates in iso‐propanol with catalytic amount of Conc. HCl.
Optimized seeding rate and nitrogen topdressing ratio for simultaneous improvement of grain yield and bread‐making quality in bread wheat sown on different dates
Authors: Dong Shuxin , Zhang Xiu , Chu Jinpeng , Zheng Feina , Fei Liwei , Dai Xinglong , He Mingrong 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDSowing date, seeding rate, and nitrogen (N) topdressing ratio have strong effects on grain yield (GY) and bread‐making quality (BQ) in bread wheat. Simultaneous improvement in GY and BQ in bread wheat has long been a challenge due to the inverse relationship between GY and grain protein concentration (GPC). In this study, we investigated whether the GY and BQ of bread wheat sown on different dates could be improved simultaneously by optimizing the seeding rate and the N topdressing ratio.RESULTSDelaying sowing beyond a certain period led to decreases in both GY and BQ. Optimizing the seeding rate and N topdressing ratio enhanced the N uptake during pre‐ and post‐anthesis, as well as N remobilization during grain filling for all wheat plants sown on different dates, thereby increasing the GPC and the total N per grain (Ntot). Consequently, grain protein composition was improved, resulting in an increased glutenin/gliadin ratio, sodium dodecyl sulfate‐insoluble glutenin/total glutenin (i.e., glutenin polymerization index), and high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit/ low‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit (HMW‐GS/LMW‐GS) ratio. Increased GPC and improved grain protein composition enhanced BQ.CONCLUSIONThe mechanism underlying simultaneous improvement in GY and GPC as well as Ntot was the greater increase in N accumulation in grains per unit area relative to increases in GY, or total grain number per unit area. The GY and BQ can be improved simultaneously regardless of sowing date by optimizing the seeding rate and N topdressing ratio via enhanced N uptake and N remobilization into grains. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhancement of anthocyanin and chromatic profiles in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ (Vitis vinifera L.) by foliar nitrogen fertilizer during veraison
Authors: Cheng Xianghan , Wang Panpan , Chen Qianyi , Ma Tingting , Wang Rui , Gao Yajun , Zhu Hongda , Liu Yuan , Liu Buchun , Sun Xiangyu , Fang Yulin 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe influence of foliar nitrogen fertilizer during veraison (FNFV) on anthocyanin accumulation and chromatic characteristics of ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapes over two seasons was investigated.RESULTSUrea and phenylalanine fertilizers (TU and TP, respectively) and a control were sprayed three times at veraison. In 2018, TU displayed a significant enhancement in total individual anthocyanin content and a* and Cab* profiles. In 2019, FNAV significantly improved the content of total non‐acylated, acylated anthocyanin and total individual anthocyanin, and the profiles of L*, a* and Cab*, except a* in TU. The whole process from phenylalanine variation to anthocyanin accumulation in grape skins was analyzed. On the whole, after the first FNFV to harvest, the increase in phenylalanine metabolism, abscisic acid content, effects of PAL (Phenylalanine ammonia lyase), UFGT (UDP glucose‐flavonoid 3‐O‐glucosyltransferase) and transcript concentrations of VvPAL and VvUFGT involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were also strong evidence explaining the increased anthocyanin and chromatic profiles in 2019.CONCLUSIONOverall, FNFV for nitrogen‐deficient grapevines could significantly improve grape color, especially in the 2019 veraison with a proper climate. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effect of parboiling conditions on zinc and iron retention in biofortified and non‐biofortified milled rice
Authors: Taleon Victor , Hasan Md Zakiul , Jongstra Roelinda , Wegmüller Rita , Bashar Md Khairul 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDZinc‐biofortified rice could contribute to zinc intake in deficient populations, but processing it into parboiled rice could affect this potential benefit. Zinc and iron true retention (TR) in milled rice produced under conditions resembling household and commercial parboiled methods was evaluated. Zinc and iron TR in milled rice obtained from biofortified and non‐biofortified rice subjected to different soaking temperatures during parboiling was also evaluated.RESULTSConditions resembling commercial parboiling methods resulted in 52.2–59.7% zinc TR and 55.4–79.1% iron TR, whereas those used for household parboiling resulted in 70.7–79.6% zinc TR and 78.2–119.8% iron TR. Zinc TR in milled (8–16% bran removal) biofortified and non‐biofortified parboiled rice was 50.6–66.8% when soaking rough rice at 20 °C and 29.9–56.0% when soaking rough rice at 65 °C; both had lower zinc TR than non‐parboiled rice (58.0–80.6%). Iron TR was generally similar between milled non‐parboiled and parboiled rice (26.2–67.6%) and between parboiled biofortified and non‐biofortified milled rice.CONCLUSIONParboiling conditions used to obtain milled rice targeted for own household consumption resulted in higher zinc and iron TR compared to parboiling conditions used for milled rice targeted for markets. More zinc from the inner endosperm moved towards the outer layers at high soaking temperature, resulting in lower zinc TR for milled parboiled rice soaked in hotter water. Parboiled rice soaked at temperatures used in households could provide more zinc to diets compared to rice soaked in hotter water commonly used in large rice mills, especially when rice is extensively milled. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.