bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Chinese Rural Population
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Cheng Cheng , Wang Yan , Xue Yuan , Liu Yiming , Li Wenjie , Li Xing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThere is a paucity of data on the relation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration and cardiometabolic biomarkers in the Chinese population. To comprehensively and quantitatively examine the association of 25(OH)D and cardiometabolic traits, we conducted a cross-sectional study in the Chinese rural population. Serum 25(OH)D and eight cardiometabolic biomarkers were measured in 1714 individuals from Henan province, China. Scatter plot was used to visualize the distribution and correlation of 25(OH)D and cardiometabolic indicators. Moreover, multivariate linear regressions and restricted cubic spline (RCS) functions were performed to examine the quantitative association between the serum 25(OH)D and cardiometabolic parameters. The median serum 25(OH)D level was 19.94 ng/ml in all participants, with an estimated 50.12% presenting vitamin D deficiency. Serum 25(OH)D level showed significantly modest association with cardiometabolic parameters (p<0.05) except for diastolic blood pressure (r=0.03, p=0.22). Multiple linear regression models showed that 25(OH)D concentration was positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and negatively associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and fasting serum glucose (GLU). The results of restricted cubic spline models indicated a positively linear association of 25(OH)D with HDL-C (p for overall<0.001, p for nonlinearity=0.191) and a negatively linear association with GLU (p for overall=0.024, p for nonlinearity=0.095). Overall, vitamin D deficiency was very common among Chinese rural population living near the 34 degrees north latitude. Besides, there were significant association between 25(OH)D concentrations and cardiometabolic biomarkers including HDL-C and GLU levels. Future longitudinal studies and randomized trials are warranted to clarify the causal relationship.
Thoracoscopic Repair of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Preterm Neonate at 1 Kilogram
Authors: Choudhry Muhammad , Rusu Simona , Brooks Peter , Ogundipe Enitan , Chuang Shu-Ling 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe report the first successful primary thoracoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in a preterm infant born at 28 weeks of gestation weighing 1,043 g. Left-sided CDH was incidentally diagnosed on postnatal chest X-ray on day 1. The neonate subsequently underwent thoracoscopic repair with primary closure of the defect on day 8 weighing 1,150 g. Intraoperative arterial blood gas monitoring including end tidal carbon-dioxide remained within normal range throughout. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. One year neurodevelopmental outcome was normal for age with no CDH recurrence.
Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease: A Questionnaire Survey of Management Practice in India and Review of Literature
Authors: Gopal Vinu V. 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Objective To identify the current management modalities practiced by neurosurgeons in India for degenerative lumbar disc disease.

Materials and Methods Survey questionnaires were prepared in Google forms. It covered the following aspects of managing the lumbar disc pathology: (1) Demographic, institutional details, experience of surgeons, (2)choice of surgical procedures, (3) use of endoscopy and minimally invasive techniques, and (4) pre- and postoperative care. Responses obtained were entered in SPSS datasheet and analyzed.

Results Of the 300 surveys sent, 80 were returned and response rate was 26.6%. But four surveys were highly incomplete and were discarded from the analysis. So, the study content is from the analysis of practices of 76 spinal surgeons working in different parts of the country. Majority of the spine surgeons (n = 70) were neurosurgeons, while 6 were orthopaedic surgeons. Fifty-four were from urban area, 12 from semiurban area, and 10 from rural area. Forty-seven spine surgeons practiced in a teaching hospital. Total 73.6% of spine surgeons opted initial medical management. Sixty-three percent preferred microlumbar discectomy (MLD) and only eight neurosurgeons preferred minimally invasive techniques. None of the respondents used in situ fusion. Fifty-three percent of spine surgeons preferred early mobilization (first postoperative day). Fifty-nine percent preferred to follow-up patients clinically and opted for magnetic resonance imaging only when recurrence or infection was suspected. The institutional nature (government teaching, government nonteaching, private teaching, and private nonteaching) and location of the hospital (urban/semiurban/rural) were found to be influencing the preferred surgical technique, trial of medical management, or postoperative care and complications. Considerable practice variations exist for medical and perioperative management.

Conclusion The preferred treatment of choice of majority was MLD, although laminectomy and discectomy were still used by many. Consensus lacks in the operative, perioperative, and postoperative management of degenerative disc disease. Present survey points toward the importance of making management guidelines for this common spinal surgical entity.
Knee Arthroscopy Prior to Revision TKA Is Associated with Increased Re-Revision for Stiffness
Authors: Oganesyan Ruben , Klemt Christian , Esposito John , Tirumala Venkatsaiakhil , Xiong Liang , Kwon Young-Min 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis is an experimental study. As knee arthroscopy may be used as a suitable temporizing alternative prior to revision surgery, knee arthroscopy potentially may be a risk factor for subsequent adverse outcomes after revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of prior knee arthroscopy on outcomes of subsequent TKA revision surgery. We identified 1,689 consecutive patients who underwent revision TKA: (1) patients with no prior knee arthroscopy (n = 1,549) and (2) patients with knee arthroscopy prior to revision TKA (n = 140). A control group of matched revision TKA patients who did not undergo prior knee arthroscopy was identified (700 patients), using one-to-five matching. Matched patients with prior knee arthroscopy demonstrated an increased likelihood of requiring re-revision (odds ratio [OR], 2.06, p < 0.001), particularly for stiffness (OR, 2.72, p < 0.02) compared with patients who underwent revision TKA without prior knee arthroscopy. Knee arthroscopy demonstrated a time-dependent impact on revision TKA outcomes, with an increased likelihood of requiring re-revision for patients who underwent knee arthroscopy within 6 months prior to revision TKA compared with patients who underwent knee arthroscopy within 6 to 12 months prior to revision TKA (OR, 3.16, p < 0.04). This cohort matched study shows that patients who had prior knee arthroscopy demonstrated a significantly higher likelihood of requiring re-revision compared with patients who underwent revision TKA without prior knee arthroscopy. Additionally, there was a significant increased likelihood in requiring re-revision for patients who had prior knee arthroscopy within 6 months. This provides clinically useful information for counseling of patients who are considering temporizing their symptoms with knee arthroscopy prior to revision TKA.
Neuropsychiatric Complications after Stroke
Authors: Nemani Katlyn , Gurin Lindsey 
Published: January 2021

AbstractNeuropsychiatric disturbances represent a common and uniquely challenging consequence of stroke. These disorders arise at the intersection of lesion-related brain dysfunction and psychological distress related to the event and its aftermath, making it difficult to identify what symptom is a direct physiological consequence of the stroke. Depression, anxiety, fatigue, apathy, emotionalism, and anger are the most common of these syndromes, and posttraumatic stress disorder related to the stroke event has become increasingly recognized as a relevant entity. Mania, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and psychosis are less commonly encountered but potentially highly debilitating conditions that may be underrecognized. Early identification and treatment may mitigate functional impairment and improve quality of life. Evidence-based guidelines from the general population are often relied upon to guide treatment. Further research is needed to understand and tailor treatment of these disorders in the poststroke population.
Characterising the most rapidly rotating AdS5-Kerr black holes
Authors: McInnes Brett 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Classical censorship permits AdS5-Kerr black holes with arbitrarily large angular momenta per unit mass, which does not seem reasonable from a holographic point of view. However, it has been shown that, when these black holes are embedded in string theory, their angular momentum per unit mass is in fact bounded by

2

2

L

, where L is the asymptotic curvature scale. One might suppose that the most rapidly rotating AdS5-Kerr black holes, with angular momentum per unit mass close to this bound, might be unstable, for example, to a superradiant instability. We show that this is not always true: there is a small domain in the AdS5-Kerr parameter space corresponding to black holes which are stable against superradiance and yet nearly saturate the stringy bound.
Quasi-classical rules for qubit spin-rotation error suppression
Authors: Su Qile David 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A frequently encountered source of systematic error in quantum computations is imperfections in the control pulses which are the classical fields that control qubit gate operations. From an analysis of the quantum-mechanical time-evolution operator of the spin wavefunction, it has been demonstrated that composite pulses can mitigate certain systematic errors and an appealing geometric interpretation was developed for the design of error-suppressing composite pulses. Here we show that these same pulse sequences can be obtained within a quasi-classical framework. This raises the question of whether error-correction procedures exist that exploit entanglement in a manner that can not be reproduced in the quasi-classical formulation.
The impact of distinct loss mechanisms on multi-photon states
Authors: Fraser Patrick 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Quantum optics plays an important role in many contemporary applications of quantum information processing and quantum metrology. Experimental implementations of these protocols, however, inevitably exhibit loss. This loss has two distinct forms, stochastic loss and deterministic loss, which impact quantum mechanical systems in distinct ways. In this exposition, we offer a straightforward experimental illustration of the impact of both forms of loss on multi-photon states. Specifically, we show that heralding statistics for two-photon states decrease in the obvious way under stochastic loss, and yet are unchanged in the presence of deterministic loss. This demonstration offers an intuitive clarification of loss for multi-photon systems for the student familiar with elementary quantum mechanics, and emphasizes the difference between pure and mixed states in quantum theory more generally. This presentation is targeted towards advanced undergraduate students familiar with quantum optics.
Some inverse problems for wave equations with fractional derivative attenuation
Authors: Kaltenbacher Barbara , Rundell William 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The damped wave equation with the attenuation proportional to velocity is ubiquitous in science and engineering and a common situation is when the attenuation depends on frequency. The usual way to incorporate this effect is to introduce fractional order derivatives either as a replacement for u

t
or as modifier through a spatial component with space fractional derivatives. Models for these are very well developed and the effort in this paper is towards the analysis of the inverse problem of recovering critical coefficients or initial states although we also develop constructive methods for these and analyse their degree of ill-conditioning.
Phonon blockade and strong anti-correlation between phonons and phonons in the optomechanical system with an auxiliary mechanical oscillator
Authors: Li Lingchao , Liu Longjiang 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Here we propose a scheme to realize phonon blockade in a cascaded coupling optomechanical system, where a quadratically coupled optomechanical system couples with a mechanical oscillator. The strong nonlinear interaction between photons and phonons in the quadratically coupled optomechanical system is induced by an external field. Meanwhile the linear coupling between the mechanical resonator and the oscillator provides interference paths. Based on the destructive quantum interference, the two mechanical oscillators both can exhibit phonon blockade even that the nonlinearities in the optomechanical system are weak. The optimal condition of phonon blockade is analytically calculated and coincides with the numerical simulation. In the condition of weak driving on cavity, the two oscillators can exhibit phonon blockade in the same parameter regime. In addition, the strong anti-correlation between phonons and phonons can be observed and the correlated phonon pairs is generated in the weak nonlinear coupling condition. Utilizing the cascaded coupling optomechanical system, our scheme provides a possible way to experimentally generate the anti-correlated phonons as well as a two-phonon gateway.
First Latin American and Caribbean interlaboratory comparison exercise for SSDLs on reference irradiation capabilities in personal dose equivalent
Authors: Khoury H J , de Barros V S M , Asfora V K , Toroi P 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A comparison exercise of Latin American and Caribbean Secondary Standards Dosimetry Laboratories (SSDLs) was jointly organized by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the Ionizing Radiation Metrology Laboratory at the Federal University of Pernambuco (LMRI-DEN/UFPE). This exercise was organized during an IAEA regional meeting on the review and update of calibration capabilities in Latin America, held in Recife, during the period from 23 to 27 April 2018 under the technical cooperation project ME-RLA 9085-170572. Fifteen participating SSDLs were required to irradiate optically stimulated personal dosimeters in terms of the personal dose equivalent Hp(10) in 137Cs radiation quality. In addition, the IAEA Dosimetry Laboratory in Seibersdorf, Austria, and the National Physical Laboratory in Teddington, Middlesex, UK participated in this exercise as reference institutes. Each participant received 10 dosimeters that were hand-carried directly to the SSDL. Two nominal dose values of 2 mSv and 4 mSv were selected for this exercise. The participants irradiated the dosimeters using the setup and the procedures which are normally used in their standard laboratory for Hp(10) dosimeter irradiations. The dosimeters were evaluated as they were received by the coordinating laboratory, using a single BeOSL Reader. The results show that, except for one laboratory, the differences between the dosimeter reading and the assigned values were within 10%; this is consistent with the expanded uncertainty. The results indicate that most of the participant laboratories have a good capability to irradiate personal dosimeters in the quantity Hp(10).
Study, measurement and mitigation of radon activity concentration in the School of Computer Science of A Coruña in the North West of Spain
Authors: Arias-Ferreiro Goretti , Otero-Pazos A , Ares-Pernas Ana , Fernández-Ibáñez I , Rodríguez-Gómez B A , Calvo-Rolle J L 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A study of the radon activity concentration was carried out at the School of Computer Science of ‘Universidade da Coruña’ (UDC, Spain). For this purpose, building location, the type of soil and the construction materials were analysed. Subsequently, the radon activity concentration was determined using two different techniques: measurement in situ with an on-site ionization chamber detector (short term) and measurement with trace detectors (long term). Based on the results obtained, and according with the Spanish Law (Spanish Official Bulletin—Boletín Oficial del Estado, of 21 December 2011, IS-33 Instruction), corrective works were performed, consisting on the installation of a forced ventilation system underneath the extent of the suspended floor in order to mitigate the high radon specific activity in the building. Four months and 3 years after the works, new measurements were carried out in order to verify the effectiveness of the new ventilation system, obtaining a decrease of the radon gas values ranging between 87% and 90%, which confirmed long term effectivity.
A skin-friction balance for shock tunnel applications
Authors: Kshetrimayum Maitri , Menezes Viren , Yerramalli Chandra Sekher 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
An acceleration-compensated skin-friction balance based on the floating-head technique was developed to measure skin friction in a hypersonic impulse facility. The balance consisted of measurement and acceleration units, the outputs of which can be coupled using a full-Wheatstone bridge to obtain pure shear output. The working of the balance was tested on a flat plate model exposed to a laminar flow with Mach number, stagnation enthalpy and Reynolds number of 8.2, 0.65 MJ kg−1 and 2.9 × 106 m−1, respectively. The measured wall shear stress agreed reasonably well with that predicted by Reynolds analogy.
High-resolution linearity measurements of photovoltaic devices using digital light processing projection
Authors: Koutsourakis George , Eales Timothy , Kroeger Ingo , Blakesley James C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Although photovoltaic (PV) devices are rated at standard testing conditions (STCs), these STCs are rarely met, either outdoors, or when PV devices are used for indoor applications. Thus, it is beneficial to fully characterise the linearity of PV devices with respect to irradiance. Moreover, high accuracy linearity measurements are essential for reference cells (RCs), as they ensure the precision of the measured irradiance. This work presents a new technique for linearity measurements of PV devices based on digital light processing (DLP). The proposed system uses a digital micromirror device coupled with projection optics and a high-power LED array. By creating a series of patterns projected on the device under test with a specific number of bright and dark pixels, linearity measurements can be implemented through a spatial dithering process. Since the dithering process is mechanical, it is expected that any spectral variability effects for the different dithering levels or electrical non-linearities of the light source are avoided. The developed system can provide thousands of measurement points on the linearity curve of a device in seconds, which is impossible with any other currently established methods. Measurements of RCs with known linearity curves are acquired and are validated by conventional methods. Results demonstrate that the DLP method provides equal measurement accuracy compared to conventional systems, but at significantly higher resolution (points on the linearity curve) and order of magnitude higher measurement speed.
Phase-field simulation of radiation-induced phase transition in binary alloys
Authors: L’vov P E , Svetukhin V V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
In this study, we simulate the radiation-induced phase transition in the binary alloy employing the modified Cahn–Hilliard (CH) equation that accounts for the process of radiation-enhanced diffusion, ballistic mixing, and compositional fluctuations. The influence of displacement rate on the dynamics of the average radius, number density, nucleation rate, and volume fraction of the second phase is discussed. Also, the mechanism of precipitate vanishing under irradiation condition is revealed.
Assemble of Bi-doped TiO2 onto 2D MoS2: an efficient p–n heterojunction for photocatalytic H2 generation under visible light
Authors: Bera Susmita , Kumari Ankita , Ghosh Srabanti , Basu Rajendra N 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Fabrication of noble‐metal‐free, efficient and stable hybrid photocatalyst is essential to address the rapidly growing energy crisis and environmental pollution. Here, MoS2 has been used as the co-catalyst on Bi-doped TiO2 to form a novel heterostructure to increase the utilization of the photogenerated charge carriers for improving photocatalytic H2 evolution activity through water reduction. Significantly increased photocatalytic H2 generation has been achieved on the optimized MoS2/Bi-TiO2 nanocomposite (∼512 μmol g–1) after 4 h of visible light illumination, which is nine times higher than that of the pristine TiO2 (∼57 μmol g–1). The measurements of photocurrent, charge transfer resistance and photo-stability of MoS2/Bi-TiO2 photoanode imply that charge separation efficiency has been improved in comparison to the pure MoS2 and TiO2 photoanodes. Further, the Mott–Schottky study confirmed that a p–n heterojunction has been formed between n-type MoS2 and p-type Bi-doped TiO2, which provides a potential gradient to increase charge separation and transfer efficiency. On the basis of these experimental results, this enhanced photocatalytic activity of MoS2/Bi-TiO2 heterostructures could be ascribed to the significant visible light absorption and the efficient charge carrier separation. Thus, this work demonstrates the effect of p–n junction for achieving high H2 evolution activity and photoelectrochemical water oxidation under visible light illumination.
Two-dimensional layered WS2 nanosheets as peroxidase mimetics in a colorimetric chemosensor for simple and rapid detection of acetone
Authors: Hu Yang , Tang Yue , Zeng Hong , Tao Han , Wu Yuangen 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials with catalytic activity have attracted considerable attention from researchers, but their application in the detection of hazardous substances needs to be further expanded. Herein, layered tungsten sulfide (WS2) nanosheets with peroxidase-mimicking activity were used to construct a colorimetric chemosensor for rapid detection of acetone. WS2 nanosheets can decompose H2O2 to generate hydroxyl radicals (·OH), which will further oxidize o-phenylenediamine (OPD) through hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) to form the yellow product 2,3-diaminophenazine. Acetone can block the HAT from OPD to ·OH, thus causing obvious inhibition of the peroxidase activity of WS2 nanosheets, making the solution appear pale yellow or even colorless. The investigation of catalytic kinetics indicates that the catalytic reaction consists of the ‘ping pong’ mechanism, and the regulatory effect of acetone on WS2 nanosheets is confirmed to be an irreversible inhibition. The chemosensor can easily distinguish a trace amount of acetone by the naked eye in less than 20 min, and has a limit of detection for acetone of as low as 3.08 mg  l−1. The application in actual samples displays the accuracy and stability of the chemosensor, suggesting that such a method is promising for acetone detection.