bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational Surface‐Defect Control via Designed Passivation for High‐Efficiency Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Gu Xiaojing , Xiang Wanchun , Tian Qingwen , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIodine vacancies (VI) and undercoordinated Pb2+ on the surface of all‐inorganic perovskite films are mainly responsible for nonradiative charge recombination. An environmentally benign material, histamine (HA), is used to passivate the VI in perovskite films. A theoretical study shows that HA bonds to the VI on the surface of the perovskite film via a Lewis base–acid interaction; an additional hydrogen bond (H‐bond) strengthens such interaction owing to the favorable molecular configuration of HA. Undercoordinated Pb2+ and Pb clusters are passivated, leading to significantly reduced surface trap density and prolonged charge lifetime within the perovskite films. HA passivation also induces an upward shift of the energy band edge of the perovskite layer, facilitating interfacial hole transfer. The combination of the above raises the solar cell efficiency from 19.5 to 20.8 % under 100 mW cm−2 illumination, the highest efficiency so far for inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
A Facile Strategy for Constructing a Carbon‐Particle‐Modified Metal–Organic Framework for Enhancing the Efficiency of CO2 Electroreduction into Formate
Authors: Zhu Zi‐Hao , Zhao Bo‐Hang , Hou Sheng‐Li , Jiang Xiao‐Lei , Liang Ze‐Long , Zhang Bin , Zhao Bin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractElectrocatalytic reduction of CO2 by metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been widely investigated, but insufficient conductivity limits application. Herein, a porous 3D In‐MOF {(Me2NH2)[In(BCP)]⋅2 DMF}n (V11) with good stability was constructed with two types of channels (1.6 and 1.2 nm diameter). V11 exhibits moderate catalytic activity in CO2 electroreduction with 76.0 % of Faradaic efficiency for formate (FEHCOO‐). Methylene blue molecules of suitable size and pyrolysis temperature were introduced and transformed into carbon particles (CPs) after calcination. The performance of the obtained CPs@V11 is significantly improved both in FEHCOO‐ (from 76.0 % to 90.1 %) and current density (2.2 times). Control experiments show that introduced CPs serve as accelerant to promote the charges and mass transfer in framework, and benefit to sufficiently expose active sites. This strategy can also work on other In‐MOFs, demonstrating the universality of this method for electroreduction of CO2.
Rational Selection of Cyanines to Generate Conjugate Acid and Free Radicals for Photopolymerization upon Exposure at 860 nm
Authors: Wang Qunying , Popov Sergey , Feilen Alfred , Strehmel Veronika , Strehmel Bernd 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDifferent cyanines absorbing in the NIR between 750 and 930 nm were applied to study the efficiency of both radical and cationic polymerization in combination with diaryliodonium salt. Variation of the connecting methine chain and structure of the terminal indolium moiety provided a deeper insight in the structure of the cyanine NIR‐sensitizer and the efficiency to generate initiating radicals and conjugate acid. Photophysical studies were pursued by fluorescence spectroscopy providing a deeper understanding regarding the lifetime of the excited state and contribution of nonradiative deactivation resulting in generation of additional heat in the polymerization process. Furthermore, electrochemical experiments demonstrated connection to oxidation and reduction capability as influenced by the structural pattern of the sensitizer. LC–MS measurements provided a deeper pattern about the photoproducts formed. A nonamethine‐based cyanine showed the best performance regarding bleaching in combination with an iodonium salt at 860 nm.
A gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for the detection of chlorpyrifos contamination in palm‐based fatty acids
Authors: Tay Bonnie Yen Ping , Wai Weng Hong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractChlorpyrifos is a Malaysian Pesticide Board‐approved organophosphate insecticide, which may become concentrated during fractionation. The objective of this project was to develop and validate a method to detect and quantify chlorpyrifos in food‐grade fatty acids ingredients, e.g. caprylic‐capric acid mixture and oleic acid (OLA) used to synthesize triacylglyceride based food additives and in the cosmetic industry. A selective ion monitoring gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method with a matrix‐matched calibration curve calibration was selected. The method involved the direct injection of chlorpyrifos spiked into the fatty acids matrix. The percentage recoveries at spiking levels of 0.5, 0.75, 2.5, and 4.0 μg g−1 of chlorpyrifos in OLA and caprylic‐capric acid ranged from 85.7%–101.1% to 97.2%–112%, respectively, with a relative standard deviation of within 11%. The intra‐day and inter‐day precision were deemed acceptable as indicated by an relative SD value of within 10%. A good linear relationship with a coefficient of correlation >0.99 for the matrix‐matched calibration was achieved between 0.5 and 5 μg g−1. The limit of detection and limit of quantification corresponded to 0.5 μg g−1 for OLA and 0.55 μg g−1 for caprylic‐capric acid.
Relating information seeking and use to intellectual humility
Authors: Gorichanaz Tim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractVirtue epistemology offers a yet‐untapped path for ethical development in information science. This paper presents two empirical studies on intellectual humility (IH), a cornerstone intellectual virtue. Centrally, IH is a matter of being open to the possibility that one may be misinformed or uninformed; it involves accurately valuing one's beliefs according to the evidence. The studies presented in this paper explore the relationship between IH and people's information seeking and use. First, a correlational questionnaire study was conducted with 201 participants considering a recent, real‐life task; second, a concurrent thinkaloud study was conducted with 8 participants completing 3 online search tasks. These studies give further color to prior assertions that people with higher IH engage in more information seeking. The results show, for instance, that those with higher IH may actually favor more easily accessible information sources and that some dimensions of IH, such as modesty and engagement, may be most important to information seeking. These findings offer a nuanced understanding of the relationship between IH and information behavior and practices. They suggest avenues for further research, and they may be applied in educational contexts and sociotechnical design.
Controllability of singular dynamic systems on time scales
Authors: Malik Muslim , Sajid Mohammad , Kumar Vipin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this work, we investigate the controllability of singular dynamic systems on time scales. First, we decompose the consider systems into a slow subsystem and a fast subsystem. After that, we use the Laplace transform and convolution theorem to derive the state response of these two subsystems. Finally, we established some necessary and sufficient conditions for the controllability of the slow subsystem and fast subsystem. At last, we provide an example to illustrate the obtained analytical results.
Stabilization of a wave equation with a distributed control
Authors: Zhu Jing , Liu Xinglan , Zhou Zhongcheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a distributed control isproposed to consider the stabilization of a wave equation. First, we transfer the distributed control problem into a boundary control problem via introducing a simple transformation including a new control function. Second, combining with the stabilization controller of the intermediate boundary control system and hidden regularity of the wave equation, we obtain the distributed feedback control of the original wave system. Third, we prove the exponential stability of the closed‐loop wave system. Then, we point out that the presented procedure for the wave system is also valid for the stabilization of the heat equation with a distributed control considered by Tsubakino et al. (2012). Finally, a numerical result is given, which shows the validity of the distributed feedback controller for the wave system designed by backstepping method.
Basic oculomotor function is similar in young children with ASD and typically developing controls
Authors: Avni Inbar , Meiri Gal , Michaelovski Analya , Menashe Idan , Shmuelof Lior , Dinstein Ilan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA variety of eye tracking studies have demonstrated that young children with ASD gaze at images and movies of social interactions differently than typically developing children. These findings have supported the hypothesis that gaze behavior differences are generated by a weaker preference for social stimuli in ASD children. The hypothesis assumes that gaze differences are not caused by abnormalities in oculomotor function including saccade frequency and kinematics. Previous studies of oculomotor function have mostly been performed with school‐age children, adolescents, and adults using visual search, anti‐saccade, and gap saccade tasks that are less suitable for young pre‐school children. Here, we examined oculomotor function in 144 children (90 with ASD and 54 controls), 1–10‐years‐old, as they watched two animated movies interleaved with the presentation of multiple salient stimuli that elicited saccades‐to‐targets. The results revealed that the number of fixations, fixation duration, number of saccades, saccade duration, saccade accuracy, and saccade latency did not differ significantly across groups. Minor initial differences in saccade peak velocity were not supported by analysis with a linear mixed model. These findings suggest that most children with ASD exhibit similar oculomotor function to that of controls, when performing saccades‐to‐targets or freely viewing child‐friendly movies. This suggests that previously reported gaze abnormalities in children with ASD are not due to underlying oculomotor deficiencies.Lay SummaryThis study demonstrates that children with ASD perform similar eye movements to those of controls when freely observing movies or making eye movements to targets. Similar results were apparent across groups in the number of eye movements, their accuracy, duration, and other measures that assess eye movement control. These findings are important for interpreting previously reported differences in gaze behavior of children with ASD, which are likely due to atypical social preferences rather than impaired control of eye movements.
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling of acetaminophen in preterm neonates—The impact of metabolising enzyme ontogeny and reduced cardiac output
Authors: Olafuyi Olusola , Abbasi Mohammad Yaseen , Allegaert Karel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn preterm neonates, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are suited for studying the effects of maturational and non‐maturational factors on the pharmacokinetics of drugs with complex age‐dependent metabolic pathways like acetaminophen (APAP). The aim of this study was to determine the impact of drug metabolising enzymes ontogeny on the pharmacokinetics of APAP in preterm neonates and to study the effect of reduced cardiac output (CO) on its PK using PBPK modelling. A PBPK model for APAP was first developed and validated in adults and then scaled to paediatric age groups to account for the effect of enzyme ontogeny. In preterm neonates, CO was reduced by 10%, 20%, and 30% to determine how this might affect APAP PK in preterm neonates. In all age groups, the predicted concentration‐time profiles of APAP were within 5th and 95th percentile of the clinically observed concentration‐time profiles and the predicted Cmax and AUC were within 2‐folds of the reported parameters in clinical studies. Sulfation accounted for most of APAP metabolism in children, with the highest contribution of 68% in preterm neonates. A reduction in CO by up to 30% did not significantly alter the clearance of APAP in preterm neonates. The model successfully incorporated the ontogeny of drug metabolising enzymes involved in APAP metabolism and adequately predicted the PK of APAP in preterm neonates. A reduction in hepatic perfusion as a result of up to 30% reduction in CO has no effect on the PK of APAP in preterm neonates.
Further evaluation of contingency modeling to increase consumption of nutritive foods in children with autism and food selectivity
Authors: Flanagan JeNell , Penrod Becky , Silbaugh Bryant C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractResearch suggests contingency modeling with differential reinforcement of alternative behavior can increase consumption of nonpreferred foods in some children with feeding problems. The current study further evaluated the effectiveness of this treatment with three children with food selectivity and autism. Participants first observed a positive reinforcement contingency in which the confederate model accessed preferred items and edibles contingent on consuming all of the target foods on their plate. If the participant imitated the model and consumed all of their food, they too received access to the same preferred items and edibles. When this contingency was ineffective for two participants, the confederate and feeder modeled nonremoval of the spoon, which increased consumption for both participants. We conclude with a discussion of potential underlying mechanisms for the effects and future research.
Promoting reciprocal conversations in children with autism using text‐message prompting
Authors: Canestaro Vida M. , Akers Jessica S. , O'Guinn Nicole 
Published: August 2021

AbstractScript training has been shown to be an effective intervention for enhancing conversation skills in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). One area to which additional research should be dedicated is the effectiveness of different script delivery modalities. In the current study, we evaluated the use of text‐message prompting via an Apple Watch® to increase appropriate conversations for three children with ASD. Our results suggest that the text‐message prompting was effective in increasing initiations and responses for two participants. Although the results are less clear for the third participant, we did observe an increase in the total number of initiations and responses following the intervention.
Eosinophil counts as a relevant prognostic marker for response to nivolumab in the management of renal cell carcinoma: a retrospective study
Authors: Herrmann Tressie , Ginzac Angeline , Molnar Ioana , Bailly Sébastien , Durando Xavier , Mahammedi Hakim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundDespite improvements in the management of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) with the advent of immunotherapy, only a few patients respond to these treatments. Predictors of response to nivolumab are currently being investigated but are still lacking.Aim of the studyTo evaluate eosinophil levels and their variations during treatment as an accurate biomarker for outcome in metastatic RCC treated with nivolumab.MethodsA retrospective analysis was carried out for patients with metastatic RCC treated with nivolumab. Absolute eosinophil counts, their variation, and relative change were evaluated at six weeks. Relative eosinophil change was categorized in three groups (≥10%‐decrease, no change, ≥10%‐increase). Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to determine whether eosinophils and their variations were prognostic markers for response at the first scan evaluation, progression‐free survival, and overall survival.ResultsSixty‐five patients aged on average 66 years, 68% men, and 77% with good or intermediate International Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Database Consortium (IMDC) risk group were included. The median follow‐up was 16.6 months. Median overall survival (OS) was not reached for good prognosis and was 22.5 and 6.5 months for intermediate and poor prognosis, respectively. An increase in eosinophils and relative eosinophil change at six weeks of nivolumab was associated with a good response to immunotherapy (p = 0.012 and p = 0.024 respectively). In the group of patients with a 10%‐decrease in relative change, PFS reduced significantly compared to the other groups (p = 0.0044 with the 10%‐increase group and p = 0.03 with the no‐change group). This relative increase was independent of IMDC risks factors for better OS (HR = 3.3 [1.45–7.4]; p = 0.004). The eosinophil baseline level was not associated with response to treatment.ConclusionEosinophil levels and relative eosinophil change at 6 weeks might be good prognostic markers for response to nivolumab for metastatic RCC, and were associated with better PFS and OS.
Integrative echocardiographic assessment of patients with secondary mitral regurgitation undergoing transcatheter edge‐to‐edge repair
Authors: Brugger Nicolas , Kassar Mohammad , Siontis George C. M. , Widmer Sonja , Okuno Taishi , Winkel Mirjam G. , Corpataux Noé , Gräni Christoph , Büllesfeld Lutz , Hunziker Lukas , Pilgrim Thomas , Windecker Stephan , Praz Fabien 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate whether the integrative echocardiographic criteria used in the cardiovascular outcomes assessment of the mitraclip percutaneous therapy (COAPT) for heart failure patients with functional mitral regurgitation study predict outcomes after edge‐to‐edge trancatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) for the treatment of secondary mitral regurgitation (SMR).BackgroundTwo randomized controlled trials comparing TMVr to medical treatment reported conflicting findings. Differences in patient selection criteria may have contributed to these diverging results.MethodsPatients undergoing TMVr were stratified following the integrative COAPT echocardiographic criteria in noneligible and eligible patients who were further classified into three tiers according to effective regurgitant orifice (EROA) (Tier 1: EROA ≥ 0.3cm2; Tier 2: EROA 0.2cm2 and 0.29cm2; Tier 3: EROA<0.2cm2) combined with several other severity criteria. We assessed between group differences in all‐cause mortality, successful SMR reduction, and symptom relief from baseline to 2‐year follow‐up.ResultsBetween March 2011 and March 2018, 138 patients (mean age 75 years) satisfying the inclusion criteria underwent TMVr for treatment of symptomatic SMR. The mean EROA area was 0.35 ± 0.17 mm2. Ten patients (7%) died within 30 days, 29 (21%) within 12 months, and 41 (30%) within 2 years. After stratification according to the COAPT echocardiographic criteria that were fulfilled in 72% of the studied population, Tier 2 patients (45%), as well as noneligible patients (38%) had a higher mortality rate compared to those in Tier 1 (19%).ConclusionsSMR patients stratified into tiers according to the COAPT integrative echocardiographic criteria have diverging prognostic and symptomatic benefit after edge‐to‐edge TMVr.
Versatile zero‐ to three‐dimensional carbon for electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Zhao Yuyue , Zhang Yunlu , Wang Ying , Cao Daxian , Sun Xiao , Zhu Hongli 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSecondary batteries have been widely developed and used in various fields, such as large‐scale energy storage, portable electronics, and electric vehicles. Carbon‐based materials have attracted considerable attention due to their abundance, environmental friendliness, tunable structure, and excellent chemical stability. Beyond the commercial carbon for batteries and supercapacitors, many studies focused on advanced and multifunctional carbon with various structures for electrochemical energy storage. This review summarizes the zero‐ to three‐dimensional carbon‐based materials and reviews their various electrochemical applications based on their structural characteristics. The importance of carbon structures and the relationship between materials' structures and electrochemical performance are discussed. Then, the prospects and potential challenges of using advanced carbon to formulate designs and develop novel carbonaceous materials with high electrochemical performance are further discussed.
Harvesting Light To Produce Heat: Photothermal Nanoparticles for Technological Applications and Biomedical Devices
Authors: Pallavicini Piersandro , Chirico Giuseppe , Taglietti Angelo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe photothermal properties of nanoparticles (NPs), that is, their ability to convert absorbed light into heat, have been studied since the end of the last century, mainly on gold NPs. In the new millennium, these studies have developed into a burst of research dedicated to the photothermal ablation of tumors. However, beside this strictly medical theme, research has also flourished in the connected areas of photothermal antibacterial surface coatings, gels and polymers, of photothermal surfaces for cell stimulation, as well as in purely technological areas that do not involve medical biotechnology. These include the direct conversion of solar light into heat, a more efficient sun‐powered generation of steam and the use of inkjet‐printed patterns of photothermal NPs for anticounterfeit printing based on temperature reading, to cite but a few. After an analysis of the photothermal effect (PTE) and its mechanism, this minireview briefly considers the antitumor‐therapy theme and takes an in‐depth look at all the other technological and biomedical applications of the PTE, paying particular attention to photothermal materials whose NPs have joined those based on Au.
Named Data Networking‐based communication model for Internet of Things using energy aware forwarding strategy and smart sleep mode
Authors: Touati Haifa , Aboud Ahmed , Hnich Brahim 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNamed data networking (NDN) has emerged as a promising communication paradigm, proposed to deal with the shortcomings of the traditional IP‐based model. NDN introduces new name‐based routing, receiver‐based service, caching, and self‐certifying contents features that obviously improve data delivery efficiency and reliability. Moreover, NDN offers lightweight forwarding rules that suits constrained devices. These features makes NDN as highly promising communication model for the Internet of Things (IoT). On the other hand, one of the widely adopted networking specification for IoT is the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. This latter proposes interesting energy saving functionalities. To take full advantages of the two technologies, we propose an NDN over IEEE 802.15.4 communication solution that meets the requirements of low‐data rate and low‐power‐consumption monitor and control IoT applications. The proposed solution includes two modules: a reliable energy‐aware forwarding strategy that selects the next hop forwarder based on its residual energy level and a sleep mode scheduling algorithm that schedules the sleep/wake‐up mode according to the role of the node in the forwarding and the path repair processes. Extensive simulations and analyses have been conducted to confirm the viability and effectiveness of our proposal in terms of energy consumption, network lifetime, delivery ratio, retrieval delay, and scalability.
Feasible Tuning of Surface OVs on (001) TiO2 for Superior Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation Activity
Authors: Bao Liang , Bao Qinyu , Zhang Huaiwei , Yuan Yongjun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA feasible tuning method for oxygen vacancies was realized by annealing under 3 atm H2 with (001)‐exposed TiO2 nanosheets. The colored TiO2 sample exhibits an excellent N2 photo‐fixation rate owing to the abundant oxygen vacancies (OVs) thus demonstrating that annealing with high pressure H2 is exceedingly efficient for tuning surface OVs.