bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupling and Decoupling of Reproduction and Larval Recruitment
Authors: Morgan Steven G. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractStock-recruitment relationships for managing commercial fisheries are difficult to measure and notoriously poor, so marine ecologists have relied on larval recruitment as a proxy for how planktonic processes regulate populations and communities. However, my literature review revealed that coupling between reproductive output and recruitment in benthic populations was common, occurring in 62% of 112 studies and 64% of 81 species. Coupling was considerably stronger for studies on brooders (72%) than broadcast-spawners (46%) and taxa with short (74%) than long (56%) planktonic larval durations (PLDs); hence, it was highest for brooders with short PLDs (94%). Coupling was similar in studies on benthic animals (63%) and seagrasses and kelp (56%). Coupling was detected more often by quantifying both reproductive output and settlement (79%) than adult density and recruitment (60%). It also was detected in 83% of just 21% of studies that estimated dispersal. Coupling was even detected by 55% of the 46% of studies conducted at just one site and 58% of the 65% of studies lasting no longer than 3 years. Decoupling was detected 33 times in invertebrates and fishes, occurring more often in the plankton (48.5%) and during reproduction (45.5%) than after settlement (6%), and nine times in seagrasses and kelp, occurring more often during reproduction (44.4%) than postsettlement (33.3%) or in the plankton (22.2%). Widespread coupling between reproductive output and settlement for sedentary, benthic species suggests that the poor stock-recruitment relationships typical of vagile, wide-ranging, pelagic species may be due more to the difficulty of detecting them than decoupling.
Neurological Instability in Ischemic Stroke: Relation with Outcome, Latency Time, and Molecular Markers
Authors: Iglesias-Rey Ramón , da Silva-Candal Andres , Rodríguez-Yáñez Manuel , Estany-Gestal Ana , Regueiro Uxía , Maqueda Elena , Ávila-Gómez Paulo , Pumar José Manuel , Castillo José , Sobrino Tomás , Campos Francisco , Hervella Pablo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is commonly used to evaluate stroke neurological deficits and to predict the patient’s outcome. Neurological instability (NI), defined as the variation of the NIHSS in the first 48 h, is a simple clinical metric that reflects dynamic changes in the area of the brain affected by the ischemia. We hypothesize that NI may represent areas of cerebral instability known as penumbra, which could expand or reduce brain injury and its associated neurological sequels. In this work, our aim was to analyze the association of NI with the functional outcome at 3 months and to study clinical biomarkers associated to NI as surrogate biomarkers of ischemic and inflammatory penumbrae in ischemic stroke (IS) patients. We included 663 IS patients in a retrospective observational study. Neutral NI was defined as a variation in the NI scale between − 5 and 5% (37.1%). Positive NI is attributed to patients with an improvement of > 5% NI after 48 h (48.9%), while negative NI is assigned to patients values lower than − 5% (14.0%). Poor outcome was assigned to patients with mRS ≥ 3 at 3 months. We observed an inverse association of poor outcome with positive NI (OR, 0.35; 95%CI, 0.18–0.67; p = 0.002) and a direct association with negative NI (OR, 6.30; 95%CI, 2.12–18.65; p = 0.001). Negative NI showed a higher association with poor outcome than most clinical markers. Regarding good functional outcome, positive NI was the marker with the higher association (19.31; CI 95%, 9.03–41.28; p < 0.0001) and with the highest percentage of identified patients with good functional outcome (17.6%). Patients with negative NI have higher glutamate levels compared with patients with neutral and positive NI (p < 0.0001). IL6 levels are significantly lower in patients with positive NI compared with neutral NI (p < 0.0001), while patients with negative NI showed the highest IL6 values (p < 0.0001). High glutamate levels were associated with negative NI at short latency times, decreasing at higher latency times. An opposite trend was observed for inflammation, and IL6 levels were similar in patients with positive and negative NI in the first 6 h and then higher in patients with negative NI. These results support NI as a prognosis factor in IS and the hypothesis of the existence of a delayed inflammatory penumbra, opening up the possibility of extending the therapeutic window for IS.
Learning by Enhancing Half-Baked AI Projects
Authors: Kahn Ken , Winters Niall 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe have developed thirty sample artificial intelligence (AI) programs in a form suitable for enhancement by non-expert programmers. The projects are implemented in the Snap! blocks language and can be run in modern web browsers. These projects have been designed to be modifiable by school students and have been iteratively developed with over 100 students. The projects involve speech synthesis, speech and image recognition, natural language processing, and deep machine learning. They illustrate a variety of AI capabilities, concepts, and techniques. The intent is to provide students with hands-on experience with AI programming so they come to understand the possibilities, problems, strengths, and weaknesses of AI today.
Dissecting the meteorological and genetic factors affecting rice grain quality in Northeast China
Authors: Chen Mojun , Li Zhao , Huang Jie , Yan Yongfeng , Wu Tao , Bian Mingdi , Zhou Jinsong , Wang Yongjun , Lyv Yanjie , Hu Guanghui , Jin Yong-Mei , Huang Kai , Guo Liping , Jiang Wenzhu , Du Xinglin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
The Northeast Plain of China, which is an important region for the production of high grain quality rice in China. However, the grain quality of the rice produced varies across this region, even for the same cultivar.

Objective
In order to explore the meteorological factors that have the greatest influence on quality and the transcriptional level differences between different cultivars and different locations at grain filling stage.

Methods
We grew eight rice cultivars in three locations in Northeast China during two growing seasons (2017 and 2018). We recorded meteorological conditions, including air temperature, air temperature range, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) during the grain-filling stage of each cultivar, and analyzed the grain quality of those eight cultivars.

Results
Across all eight cultivars, meteorological factors had a stronger effect on eating quality than genotype, while genotype had a stronger effect on milling quality. Of the three environmental factors assessed, PAR was significantly correlated with the most grain quality traits. Using RNA-sequencing analysis, we identified 573 environment-specific DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes), and 119 genotype-specific DEGs; 11 DEGs were responsive to genotype × environment interactions. These DEGs were involved in many key metabolic processes.

Conclusion
Our results indicated that interactions among environmental factors, especially PAR, affected rice quality in Northeast China. Further analyses of the DEGs identified herein may provide useful information for future breeding programs aiming to develop high grain quality rice varieties suitable for cultivation across Northeast China.
Comorbidity status of deceased COVID-19 in-patients in Italy
Authors: Vetrano Davide Liborio , Tazzeo Clare , Palmieri Luigi , Marengoni Alessandra , Zucchelli Alberto , Lo Noce Cinzia , Onder Graziano ,   Italian National Institute of Health Covid-Mortality Group, Palmieri Luigi , Andrianou Xanthi , Barbariol Pierfrancesco , Bella Antonino , Bellino Stefania , Benelli Eva , Bertinato Luigi , Boros Stefano , Brambilla Gianfranco , Calcagnini Giovanni , Canevelli Marco , Castrucci Maria Rita , Censi Federica , Ciervo Alessandra , Colaizzo Elisa , D’Ancona Fortunato , Del Manso Martina , Di Benedetto Corrado , Donfrancesco Chiara , Fabiani Massimo , Facchiano Francesco , Filia Antonietta , Floridia Marco , Galati Fabio , Giuliano Marina , Grisetti Tiziana , Kodra Yllka , Langer Martin , Lega Ilaria , Lo Noce Cinzia , Maiozzi Pietro , Malchiodi Albedi Fiorella , Manno Valerio , Martini Margherita , Urdiales Alberto Mateo , Mattei Eugenio , Meduri Claudia , Meli Paola , Minelli Giada , Nebuloni Manuela , Nisticò Lorenza , Nonis Marino , Onder Graziano , Palmisano Lucia , Petrosillo Nicola , Pezzotti Patrizio , Pricci Flavia , Punzo Ornella , Puro Vincenzo , Raparelli Valeria , Rezza Giovanni , Riccardo Flavia , Rota Maria Cristina , Salerno Paolo , Serra Debora , Siddu Andrea , Stefanelli Paola , Tamburo de Bella Manuela , Tiple Dorina , Unim Brigid , Vaianella Luana , Vanacore Nicola , Vichi Monica , Villani Emanuele Rocco , Zona Amerigo , Brusaferro Silvio 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Most COVID-19-related deaths have occurred in older persons with comorbidities. Specific patterns of comorbidities related to COVID-19 deaths have not been investigated.

Methods
A random sample of 6085 individuals in Italy who died in-hospital with confirmed COVID-19 between February and December 2020 were included. Observed to expected (O/E) ratios of disease pairs were computed and logistic regression models were used to determine the association between disease pairs with O/E values ≥ 1.5.

Results
Six pairs of diseases exhibited O/E values ≥ 1.5 and statistically significant higher odds of co-occurrence in the crude and adjusted analyses: (1) ischemic heart disease and atrial fibrillation, (2) atrial fibrillation and heart failure, (3) atrial fibrillation and stroke, (4) heart failure and COPD, (5) stroke and dementia, and (6) type 2 diabetes and obesity.

Conclusion
In those deceased in-hospital due to COVID-19 in Italy, disease combinations defined by multiple cardio-respiratory, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric diseases occur more frequently than expected. This finding indicates a need to investigate the possible role of these clinical profiles in the chain of events that lead to death in individuals who have contracted SARS-CoV-2.
Optimizing the tribological performance of DLC-coated NBR rubber: The role of hydrogen in films
Authors: Bai Changning , Qiang Li , Zhang Bin , Gao Kaixiong , Zhang Junyan 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDiamond-like carbon (DLC) films directly deposited on rubber substrate is undoubtedly one optimal option to improve the tribological properties due to its ultralow friction, high-hardness as well as good chemical compatibility with rubber. Investigating the relationship between film structure and tribological performance is vital for protecting rubber. In this study it was demonstrated that the etching effect induced by hydrogen incorporation played positive roles in reducing surface roughness of DLC films. In addition, the water contact angle (CA) of DLC-coated nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) was sensitive to the surface energy and sp2 carbon clustering of DLC films. Most importantly, the optimum tribological performance was obtained at the 29 at% H-containing DLC film coated on NBR, which mainly depended on the following key factors: (1) the DLC film with appropriate roughness matched the counterpart surface; (2) the contact area and surface energy controlled interface adhesive force; (3) the microstructure of DLC films impacted load-bearing capacity; and (4) the generation of graphitic phase acted as a solid lubricant. This understanding may draw inspiration for the fabrication of DLC films on rubber to achieve low friction coefficient.
Experimentally validated atomistic simulation of the effect of relevant grinding parameters on work piece topography, internal stresses, and microstructure
Authors: Eder S. J. , Grützmacher P. G. , Spenger T. , Heckes H. , Rojacz H. , Nevosad A. , Haas F. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractIn this work, we present a fully atomistic approach to modeling a finishing process with the goal to shed light on aspects of work piece development on the microscopic scale, which are difficult or even impossible to observe in experiments, but highly relevant for the resulting material behavior. In a large-scale simulative parametric study, we varied four of the most relevant grinding parameters: The work piece material, the abrasive shape, the temperature, and the infeed depth. In order to validate our model, we compared the normalized surface roughness, the power spectral densities, the steady-state contact stresses, and the microstructure with proportionally scaled macroscopic experimental results. Although the grain sizes vary by a factor of more than 1,000 between experiment and simulation, the characteristic process parameters were reasonably reproduced, to some extent even allowing predictions of surface quality degradation due to tool wear. Using the experimentally validated model, we studied time-resolved stress profiles within the ferrite/steel work piece as well as maps of the microstructural changes occurring in the near-surface regions. We found that blunt abrasives combined with elevated temperatures have the greatest and most complex impact on near-surface microstructure and stresses, as multiple processes are in mutual competition here.
Generalized limited sets with applications to spaces of type $$\ell _{\infty }(X)$$ and $$c_0(X)$$
Authors: Drewnowski Lech 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA concept of limitedness of sets in one tvs relative to another tvs is discussed. Special attention is devoted to the limitedness relative to spaces without copies of $$\ell _{\infty }$$

ℓ
∞

. Applications to copies of $$\ell _{\infty }$$

ℓ
∞

in vector-valued $$c_0$$

c
0

-type spaces, and to the complementability of the latter in the containing them similar $$\ell _{\infty }$$

ℓ
∞

-type spaces are provided.
Improving Manufacturing Applications of Machine Learning by Understanding Defect Classification and the Critical Error Threshold
Authors: Blondheim David 
Published: June 2021

AbstractMachine learning (ML) is unlocking patterns and insight into data to provide financial value and knowledge for organizations. Use of machine learning in manufacturing environments is increasing, yet sometimes these applications fail to produce meaningful results. A critical review of how defects are classified is needed to appropriately apply machine learning in a production foundry and other manufacturing processes. Four elements associated with defect classification are proposed: Binary Acceptance Specifications, Stochastic Formation of Defects, Secondary Process Variation, and Visual Defect Inspection. These four elements create data space overlap, which influences the bias associated with training supervised machine learning algorithms. If this influence is significant enough, the predicted error of the model exceeds a critical error threshold (CET). There is no financial motivation to implement the ML model in the manufacturing environment if its error is greater than the CET. The goal is to bring awareness to these four elements, define the critical error threshold, and offer guidance and future study recommendations on data collection and machine learning that will increase the success of ML within manufacturing.
Recombinant human thrombopoietin prior to mobilization chemotherapy facilitates platelet recovery in autologous transplantation in patients with lymphoma: Results of a prospective randomized study
Authors: Mo Hongnan , Liu Peng , Qin Yan , He Xiaohui , Han Xiaohong , Yao Jiarui , Su Weicai , Zhang Shuxiang , Tang Le , Zhao Fengyi , Gui Lin , Yang Sheng , Yang Jianliang , Zhou Shengyu , Zhang Zhishang , Shi Yuankai 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy plus granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (GCSF) regimen is one of the available approaches to mobilize peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs). It causes thrombocytopenia and delays leukapheresis. This study aimed to evaluate the role of recombinant human thrombopoietin (rhTPO) before mobilization chemotherapy in facilitating leukapheresis in patients with lymphoma.MethodsIn this randomized open‐label phase 2 trial, patients were randomly assigned in a 1:2 ratio to receive mobilization with rhTPO plus GCSF in combination with chemotherapy (the rhTPO plus GCSF arm) or GCSF alone in combination with chemotherapy (the GCSF alone arm). The recovery of neutrophils and platelets and the amount of platelet transfusion were monitored.ResultsThirty patients were enrolled in this study between March 2016 and August 2018. Patients in the rhTPO plus GCSF arm (n = 10) had similar platelet nadir after mobilization chemotherapy (P=0.878) and similar amount of platelet transfusion (median 0 vs. 1 unit, P=0.735) when compared with the GCSF alone arm (n = 20). On the day of leukapheresis, the median platelet count was 86 × 109/L (range 18–219) among patients who received rhTPO and 73 × 109/L (range 42–197) among those who received GCSF alone (P=0.982). After the use of rhTPO, the incidence of platelet count <75 × 109/L on the day of leukapheresis did not decrease significantly (30.0% vs. 50.0%, P=0.297). Platelet recovery after PBPC transfusion was more rapid in the rhTPO plus GCSF arm (median 8.0 days [95% confidence interval 2.9–13.1] to platelets ≥50 × 109/L vs. 11.0 days [95% confidence interval 8.6–13.4], P=0.011). The estimated total cost of the mobilization and reconstitution phases per patient was similar between the two treatmtent groups (P=0.362 and P=0.067, respectively).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that there was no significant clinical benefit of rhTPO use in facilitating mobilization of progenitor cells, but it may promote platelet recovery in the reconstitution phase after high‐dose therapy.Trial registrationThis trial has been registered in Clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03014102.
NORMA: The Network Makeup Artist — A Web Tool for Network Annotation Visualization
Authors: Koutrouli Mikaela , Karatzas Evangelos , Papanikolopoulou Katerina , Pavlopoulos Georgios A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The Network Makeup Artist (NORMA) is a web tool for interactive network annotation visualization and topological analysis, able to handle multiple networks and annotations simultaneously. Precalculated annotations (e.g., Gene Ontology, Pathway enrichment, community detection, or clustering results) can be uploaded and visualized in a network, either as colored pie-chart nodes or as color-filled areas in a 2D/3D Venn-diagram-like style. In the case where no annotation exists, algorithms for automated community detection are offered. Users can adjust the network views using standard layout algorithms or allow NORMA to slightly modify them for visually better group separation. Once a network view is set, users can interactively select and highlight any group of interest in order to generate publication-ready figures. Briefly, with NORMA, users can encode three types of information simultaneously. These are 1) the network, 2) the communities or annotations of interest, and 3) node categories or expression values. Finally, NORMA offers basic topological analysis and direct topological comparison across any of the selected networks. NORMA service is available at http://norma.pavlopouloslab.info, whereas the code is available at https://github.com/PavlopoulosLab/NORMA.
The French official statistics strategy: Combining signaling data from various mobile network operators for documenting COVID-19 crisis effects on population movements and economic outlook
Authors: Coudin Elise , Poulhes Mathilde , Suarez Castillo Milena 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
During the COVID-19 crisis, the French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE) used aggregated and anonymous counting indicators based on network signaling data of three of the four mobile network operators (MNOs) in France to measure the distribution of population over the territory during and after the lockdown and to enrich the toolbox of high-frequency economic indicators used to follow the economic situation. INSEE’s strategy was to combine information coming from different MNOs together with the national population estimates it usually produces in order to get more reliable statistics and to measure uncertainty. This paper relates and situates this initiative within the long-term methodological collaborations between INSEE and different MNOs, and INSEE, Eurostat, and some other European national statistical institutes (NSIs). These collaborations aim at constructing experimental official statistics on the population present in a given place and at a given time, from mobile phone data (MPD). The COVID-19 initiative has confirmed that more methodological investments are needed to increase relevance of and trust in these data. We suggest this methodological work should be done in close collaboration between NSIs, MNOs, and research, to construct the most reliable statistical processes. This work requires exploiting raw data, so the research and statistical exemptions present in the general data protection regulation (GDPR) should be introduced as well in the new e-privacy regulation. We also raise the challenges of articulating commercial and public interest rationales and articulating transparency and commercial secrets requirements. Finally, it elaborates on the role NSIs can play in the MPD valorization ecosystem.
Is Constitutional Pluralism (Il)liberal? On the Political Theory of European Legal Integration in Times of Crisis
Authors: Canihac Hugo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis Article uncovers the normative political theory underlying the legal doctrine of constitutional pluralism, as it is used in the EU today. Constitutional pluralism, once described as a semi-official legal doctrine in the EU, is now being used by some member states to challenge its authority and rules. By reconstructing the political thought of one of its founders, N. MacCormick, this Article takes issue with two most common interpretations of constitutional pluralism: On the one hand, it has been claimed that the normative political content of constitutional pluralism is virtually identical, or at least compatible, with that of Kantian rights-based cosmopolitanism; on the other, it has been contended, especially with regard to its uses in Hungary and Poland, that it was an inherently dangerous, illiberal, normative theory. This Article offers to move away from current legal debates to go back to the origins of constitutional pluralism. It argues that constitutional pluralism is not a purely liberal theory indeed. But neither is it inherently illiberal. Rather, both liberal and illiberal readings are possible, but partial, interpretations of MacCormickian constitutional pluralism. A more systematic interpretation shows that constitutional pluralism opens a path to move beyond this somewhat archetypical divide.