bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcome and predictors of long-term disease activity in natalizumab-treated patients with multiple sclerosis: real life data from the Austrian MS Treatment Registry
Authors: Guger Michael , Enzinger Christian , Leutmezer Fritz , Di Pauli Franziska , Kraus Jörg , Kalcher Stefan , Kvas Erich , Berger Thomas ,   the Austrian MS Treatment Registry (AMSTR)
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate long-term effectiveness of natalizumab (NTZ) and to determine demographic, clinical, and radiological predictors regarding long-term disease activity (≥ 7 years) in a nationwide observational cohort, using data collected prospectively in a real-life setting.

Materials and methods
We analysed data from 230 patients from the Austrian Multiple Sclerosis Treatment Registry (AMSTR), who had started treatment with NTZ at any time since 2006 and stayed on NTZ for at least 7 years without treatment gap of more than three months.

Results
Estimated mean annualised relapse rates (ARR) over a mean treatment period of 9.3 years were 0.07 for NTZ. Sustained EDSS progression for 12 weeks was observed in 36 (19%) patients and for 24 weeks in 31 (16.3%) cases. Sustained EDSS regression for 12 and 24 weeks was seen in 45 (23.7%) and 42 (22.1%) cases. The baseline parameters ≥ 1 Gadolinium-enhancing MRI lesion(s) [incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.409 (95% CI 0.283–0.593), p = 0.001], ARR ≤ 1 in the prior 12 month before treatment initiation with NTZ [IRR of 0.353 (95% CI 0.200–0.623), p = 0.001] and EDSS ≤ 1 [incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 0.081 (95% CI 0.011–0.581), p = 0.012] were significantly associated with a reduced relapse risk, whereas a disease duration ≤ 5 years increased significantly the ARR [IRR of 1.851 (95% CI 1.249–2.743), p = 0.002]. The only predictive baseline parameter for experiencing EDSS progression (sustained for 12 and 24 weeks) was age > 35 years [HR of 2.482 (95% CI 1.110–5.549), p = 0.027, and HR of 2.492 (95% CI 1.039–5.978), p = 0.041, respectively].

Conclusions
These real-life data show a stable disease course regarding relapse activity and disease progression under NTZ treatment for more than 7 years. The main predictors for disease activity were higher relapse rate before treatment initiation, higher disability, shorter disease duration and absence of Gadolinium-enhancing MRI lesions at baseline. Older age at NTZ start was the only significant risk factor for disease progression over long-term.
Is quantitative ultrasound a measure for metabolic bone disease in preterm-born infants? A prospective subcohort study
Authors: de Lange A. , Maaskant J.M. , van Weissenbruch M.M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to (a) evaluate postnatal changes in bone development in relation to growth and (b) to determine factors associated with bone development, from birth to 24 months of corrected age. The metacarpal speed of sound (mcSOS) and metacarpal bone transmission time (mcBTT) were used to evaluate bone development in 98 preterm infants, during hospitalization and follow-up. The mcSOS and mcBTT values not only declined in the first 6 weeks of hospitalization but also during follow-up. The mcSOS reached its lowest point at 12 months (β=-34.64), while the mcBTT reached a plateau between 12 and 24 months (β=0.06). Univariable analysis showed that gender (p=0.28), time (p<0.001), and growth parameters (p<0.001) were significant negative associated factors with mcSOS, whereas with mcBTT, time (p=0.009), length (p=0.063), length standard deviation scores (SDS) (p=0.027), head circumference (p=0.005), and head circumference SDS (p=0.007) were significant positive. The multivariable model revealed that time (β= -3.364, p=<0.001), weight (β=-0.007, p<0.001) and length (β=1.163, p<0.001) for mcSOS and length (β=-0.021, p<0.001), and length SDS (β= 0.066, p<0.001) and head circumference (β=0.049, p<0.001) for mcBTT remained highly significant associated factors.Conclusion: The most important finding is that mcSOS decreased and the mcBTT reached a plateau to 24 months. In both mcSOS and mcBTT, the growth parameters were significant factors.Clinical Trial Registration: N/A

What is known:• Metabolic bone disease is one of the possible long term adverse outcomes after preterm birth.• Metacarpal speed of sound (mcSOS) and metacarpal bone transmission time (mcBTT) decline in the early postnatal period.

What is new:• During follow-up, mcSOS further decreased and reached its lowest point at 12 months, while the mcBTT reached a plateau up to 24 months.• Postnatal nutrition in relation to comorbidity does not meet the optimal mineralization rate of the developing preterm bone.
North African dust intrusions and increased risk of respiratory diseases in Southern Portugal
Authors: Silva T. , Fragoso M. , Almendra R. , Vasconcelos J. , Lopes A. , Faleh A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe study of dust intrusions in Portugal is still a subject on which little investigation has been made, especially in terms of their effects. Thus, this work aims to achieve two goals: firstly, to characterize the dust intrusions in the study area; and secondly, to evaluate the possible statistical association between the dust intrusion days and hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases. Dust intrusions in Portugal are prevalent during the summer season. During this season, the dust plumes tend to cover broader areas than in the other seasons and they have origin in the North African countries. In the study area for the period between 2005 and 2015, the relative risk of urgent hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases was 12.6% higher during dust intrusion days. In order to obtain this statistical association, a Distributed Lag Nonlinear Model was developed. With this work, we expect to help the development of further studies regarding North African dust intrusions in Portugal, more precisely their effects on human health.
Pellino1 deficiency reprograms cardiomyocytes energy metabolism in lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial dysfunction
Authors: Yang Chuanxi , Zhao Kun , Chen Xufeng , Jiang Lei , Li Peng , Huang Peipei 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPellino1 has been shown to regulate proinflammatory genes by activating the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways, which are important in the pathological development of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced myocarditis. However, it is still unknown whether silencing Pellino1 (si-Pellino1) has a therapeutic effect on this disease. Here, we showed that silencing Pellino1 can be a potential protective strategy for abnormal myocardial energy metabolism in LPS-induced myocarditis. We used liquid chromatography electrospray–ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) to analyze samples from si-Pellino1 neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs) treated with LPS or left untreated. After normalization of the data, metabolite interaction analysis of matched KEGG pathway associations following si-Pellino1 treatment was applied, accompanied by interaction analysis of gene and metabolite associations after this treatment. Moreover, we used western blot (WB) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses to determine the expression of genes involved in regulating cardiac energy and energy metabolism in different groups. LC–MS-based metabolic profiling analysis demonstrated that si-Pellino1 treatment could alleviate or even reverse LPS-induced cellular damage by altering cardiomyocytes energy metabolism accompanied by changes in key genes (Cs, Cpt2, and Acadm) and metabolites (3-oxoocotanoyl-CoA, hydroxypyruvic acid, lauroyl-CoA, and NADPH) in NRCMs. Overall, our study unveiled the promising cardioprotective effect of silencing Pellino1 in LPS-induced myocarditis through fuel and energy metabolic regulation, which can also serve as biomarkers for this disease.
Connecting theory and simulation with experiment for the study of diffusion in nanoporous solids
Authors: Bukowski Brandon C. , Keil Frerich J. , Ravikovitch Peter I. , Sastre German , Snurr Randall Q. , Coppens Marc-Olivier 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNanoporous solids are ubiquitous in chemical, energy, and environmental processes, where controlled transport of molecules through the pores plays a crucial role. They are used as sorbents, chromatographic or membrane materials for separations, and as catalysts and catalyst supports. Defined as materials where confinement effects lead to substantial deviations from bulk diffusion, nanoporous materials include crystalline microporous zeotypes and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and a number of semi-crystalline and amorphous mesoporous solids, as well as hierarchically structured materials, containing both nanopores and wider meso- or macropores to facilitate transport over macroscopic distances. The ranges of pore sizes, shapes, and topologies spanned by these materials represent a considerable challenge for predicting molecular diffusivities, but fundamental understanding also provides an opportunity to guide the design of new nanoporous materials to increase the performance of transport limited processes. Remarkable progress in synthesis increasingly allows these designs to be put into practice. Molecular simulation techniques have been used in conjunction with experimental measurements to examine in detail the fundamental diffusion processes within nanoporous solids, to provide insight into the free energy landscape navigated by adsorbates, and to better understand nano-confinement effects. Pore network models, discrete particle models and synthesis-mimicking atomistic models allow to tackle diffusion in mesoporous and hierarchically structured porous materials, where multiscale approaches benefit from ever cheaper parallel computing and higher resolution imaging. Here, we discuss synergistic combinations of simulation and experiment to showcase theoretical progress and computational techniques that have been successful in predicting guest diffusion and providing insights. We also outline where new fundamental developments and experimental techniques are needed to enable more accurate predictions for complex systems.
Optimal Carbon Storage in Mixed-Species Size-Structured Forests
Authors: Assmuth Aino , Rämö Janne , Tahvonen Olli 
Published: April 2021

AbstractWe extend the study of economically optimal carbon storage to a previously unexplored forest type, mixed-species size-structured stands. The ecological model applied in the study is a transition matrix model with growth functions for boreal Norway spruce (Picea abies(L.) Karst.), birch (Betula pendulaRoth andB. pubescensEhrh.), and other broadleaves. The other broadleaved trees are assumed to have no commercial value. We maximize the sum of timber revenues and the value of carbon storage by optimizing the timing and intensity of thinnings and the potentially infinite rotation age. The optimization problem is solved in its general dynamic form using gradient-based interior point methods and a genetic algorithm. We present results for a mixed stand of Norway spruce and birch, and a mixed stand of Norway spruce, birch, and other broadleaves, and compare these to a pure Norway spruce stand. We show that carbon pricing increases stand volume by postponing harvests and limiting them to larger trees, and changes the optimal species composition by increasing the share of Norway spruce relative to birch. Further, carbon pricing incentivizes maintaining other broadleaves in the stand despite their lack of commercial value, thus increasing tree species diversity. We find that sawlog and total yields increase with carbon price. We show that the higher the number of tree species in a stand, the lower the marginal cost of carbon storage.
Thomas Luckmann on the Relation Between Phenomenology and Sociology: A Constructive Critical Assessment
Authors: Gros Alexis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the present paper, I intend to systematically revisit Thomas Luckmann’s account of the relation between phenomenology and sociology and to assess its strengths and weaknesses in terms of constructive criticism. In order to achieve this aim, I will proceed in three steps. First (1), I will reconstruct the Luckmannian approach by means of an exhaustive analysis of his programmatic texts. Second (2), I will identify its strengths and merits. And finally (3), I will discuss its shortcomings and try to correct them in two ways, namely, by bringing Luckmann into a dialogue with other sociological-theoretical and phenomenological accounts, and by counteracting some of his problematic claims with alternative insights contained in his own work.
The growth rate and clinical outcomes of radiation induced meningioma undergoing treatment or active monitoring
Authors: Gillespie Conor S. , Islim Abdurrahman I. , Taweel Basel A. , Millward Christopher P. , Kumar Siddhant , Rathi Nitika , Mehta Shaveta , Haylock Brian J. , Thorp Nicola , Gilkes Catherine E. , Lawson David D. A. , Mills Samantha J. , Chavredakis Emmanuel , Farah Jibril Osman , Brodbelt Andrew R. , Jenkinson Michael D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction

Radiation induced meningioma (RIM) incidence is increasing in line with improved childhood cancer survival. No optimal management strategy consensus exists. This study aimed to delineate meningioma growth rates from tumor discovery and correlate with clinical outcomes.

Methods
Retrospective study of patients with a RIM, managed at a specialist tertiary neuroscience center (2007–2019). Tumor volume was measured from diagnosis and at subsequent interval scans. Meningioma growth rate was determined using a linear mixed-effects model. Clinical outcomes were correlated with growth rates accounting for imaging and clinical prognostic factors.

Results
Fifty-four patients (110 meningiomas) were included. Median duration of follow-up was 74 months (interquartile range [IQR], 41–102 months). Mean radiation dose was 41 Gy (standard deviation [SD] = 14.9) with a latency period of 34.4 years (SD = 13.7). Median absolute growth rate was 0.62 cm3/year and the median relative growth rate was 72%/year. Forty meningiomas (between 27 patients) underwent surgical intervention after a median follow-up duration of 4 months (IQR 2–35). Operated RIMs were clinically aggressive, likely to be WHO grade 2 at first resection (43.6%) and to progress after surgery (41%). Median time to progression was 28 months (IQR 13–60.5). A larger meningioma at discovery was associated with growth (HR 1.2 [95% CI 1.0–1.5], P = 0.039) but not progression after surgery (HR 2.2 [95% CI 0.7–6.6], P = 0.181). Twenty-seven (50%) patients had multiple meningiomas by the end of the study.

Conclusion
RIMs exhibit high absolute and relative growth rates after discovery. Surgery is recommended for symptomatic or rapidly growing meningiomas only. Recurrence risk after surgery is high.
A Meta-Analysis of Line Bisection and Landmark Task Performance in Older Adults
Authors: Learmonth Gemma , Papadatou-Pastou Marietta 
Published: April 2021

AbstractYoung adults exhibit a small asymmetry of visuospatial attention that favours the left side of space relative to the right (pseudoneglect). However, it remains unclear whether this leftward bias is maintained, eliminated or shifted rightward in older age. Here we present two meta-analyses that aimed to identify whether adults aged ≥50 years old display a group-level spatial attention bias, as indexed by the line bisection and the landmark tasks. A total of 69 datasets from 65 studies, involving 1654 participants, were analysed. In the meta-analysis of the line bisection task (n = 63), no bias was identified for studies where the mean age was ≥50, but there was a clear leftward bias in a subset where all individual participants were aged ≥50. There was no moderating effect of the participant’s age or sex, line length, line position, nor the presence of left or right cues. There was a small publication bias in favour of reporting rightward biases. Of note, biases were slightly more leftward in studies where participants had been recruited as part of a stand-alone older group, compared to studies where participants were recruited as controls for a clinical study. Similarly, no spatial bias was observed in the meta-analysis of the landmark task, although the number of studies included was small (n = 6). Overall, these results indicate that over 50s maintain a group-level leftward bias on the line bisection task, but more studies are needed to determine whether this bias can be modulated by stimulus- or state-dependent factors.
Social distancing in public transport: mobilising new technologies for demand management under the Covid-19 crisis
Authors: Hörcher Daniel , Singh Ramandeep , Graham Daniel J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractDense urban areas are especially hardly hit by the Covid-19 crisis due to the limited availability of public transport, one of the most efficient means of mass mobility. In light of the Covid-19 pandemic, public transport operators are experiencing steep declines in demand and fare revenues due to the perceived risk of infection within vehicles and other facilities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities of implementing social distancing in public transport in line with epidemiological advice. Social distancing requires effective demand management to keep vehicle occupancy rates under a predefined threshold, both spatially and temporally. We review the literature of five demand management methods enabled by new information and ticketing technologies: (i) inflow control with queueing, (ii) time and space dependent pricing, (iii) capacity reservation with advance booking, (iv) slot auctioning, and (v) tradeable travel permit schemes. Thus the paper collects the relevant literature into a single point of reference, and provides interpretation from the viewpoint of practical applicability during and after the pandemic.
Mut zur Lücke. Verantwortungszuschreibungen auf der Ebene sozialer Beziehungen als neuer Bereich der Framing-Forschung zu Gesundheitsthemen
Authors: Reifegerste Doreen , Wiedicke Annemarie , Temmann Linn Julia , Scherr Sebastian 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungFrames der Verantwortungszuschreibung (Responsibility Frames) in der Medienberichterstattung betonen sowohl spezifische Ursachen als auch spezifische Lösungen für ein Thema. Die Forschung zum Responsibility Framing von Medieninhalten und deren Wirkungen untersucht diese Betonung bislang zumeist auf zwei verschiedenen Ebenen: der Individualebene und der gesellschaftlichen Ebene. Diese Betrachtungsweise vernachlässigt allerdings die wichtige mittlere Ebene des sozialen Umfelds der Menschen. Hier befinden sich zentrale Akteur*innen (wie Familie, Freund*innen oder Kolleg*innen), die als Ursache oder Lösung zu einem Problem beitragen können, was insbesondere bei Gesundheitsproblemen deutlich wird. Das Ziel des Beitrags ist es daher, die Ebene sozialer Beziehungen in das Konzept des Responsibility Framings zu integrieren. Dafür verknüpfen wir zentrale Elemente der sozialen Netzwerktheorie (Akteur*innen und ihre Funktionen für das Individuum) und der Attributionstheorie mit den Framing-Konzepten. Darauf aufbauend werden Konsequenzen für die zukünftige Forschung der Kommunikationswissenschaft abgeleitet.
Biomarkers for Renal Cell Carcinoma Recurrence: State of the Art
Authors: Marchioni Michele , Rivas Juan Gomez , Autran Anamaria , Socarras Moises , Albisinni Simone , Ferro Matteo , Schips Luigi , Scarpa Roberto Mario , Papalia Rocco , Esperto Francesco 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe aim to summarize the current state of art about the possible use of biomarkers for predicting renal cell carcinoma (RCC) recurrence after curative treatment. In addition, we aim to provide a snapshot about the clinical implication of biomarkers use for follow-up planification.Recent FindingsA wide variety of biomarkers have been proposed. RCC biomarkers have been individuated in tumoral tissue, blood, and urine. A variety of molecules, including proteins, DNA, and RNA, warrant a good accuracy for RCC recurrence and progression prediction. Their use in prediction models might warrant a better patients’ risk stratification.SummaryFuture prognostic models will probably include a combination of classical features (tumor grade, stage, etc.) and novel biomarkers. Such models might allow a more accurate treatment and follow-up planification.
Soziale Arbeit am Limit?
Authors: Meyer Nikolaus , Alsago Elke 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungSozialer Arbeit kommt in der Corona-Pandemie eine mehrdimensionale Schlüsselfunktion bei der Bewältigung der Folgen ebendieser auf den Ebenen der Adressat_innen und der Gesellschaft zu. Gleichzeitig ist auch die Soziale Arbeit auf verschiedene Weisen von den Folgen der Pandemie betroffen. Der Beitrag thematisiert die Situation der Beschäftigten aus unterschiedlichen Handlungsfeldern und zeigt, dass sich die Arbeitsbedingungen in der Sozialen Arbeit während der Corona-Pandemie weiter verschlechtern.
Kann mit Erziehungsplänen erzogen werden?
Authors: Engelbracht Mischa 
Published: April 2021

ZusammenfassungStufen- oder Verstärkerpläne erfahren eine breite Anwendung in der stationären Kinder- und Jugendhilfe und werden, teilweise medial gestützt, zu besonders wirksamen pädagogischen Verfahrensweisen erhoben. Der Beitrag setzt sich aus verschiedenen Perspektiven kritisch mit den Funktions- und Wirkungsweisen von Erziehungsplänen auseinander.
Aerodynamic analysis of uphill drafting in cycling
Authors: van Druenen T. , Blocken B. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractSome teams aiming for victory in a mountain stage in cycling take control in the uphill sections of the stage. While drafting, the team imposes a high speed at the front of the peloton defending their team leader from opponent’s attacks. Drafting is a well-known strategy on flat or descending sections and has been studied before in this context. However, there are no systematic and extensive studies in the scientific literature on the aerodynamic effect of uphill drafting. Some studies even suggested that for gradients above 7.2% the speeds drop to 17 km/h and the air resistance can be neglected. In this paper, uphill drafting is analyzed and quantified by means of drag reductions and power reductions obtained by computational fluid dynamics simulations validated with wind tunnel measurements. It is shown that even for gradients above 7.2%, drafting can yield substantial benefits. Drafting allows cyclists to save over 7% of power on a slope of 7.5% at a speed of 6 m/s. At a speed of 8 m/s, this reduction can exceed 16%. Sensitivity analyses indicate that significant power savings can be achieved, also with varying bicycle, cyclist, road and environmental characteristics.