bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subjective Social Status (SSS) as an Important Mediator in the Association between Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Mental Health
Authors: Mehravar Fatemeh , Foroushani Abbas Rahimi , Vakili Mohammad Ali , Nedjat Saharnaz 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Socioeconomic status (SES) has often been considered a major predictor of mental health-related outcomes such as depression, anxiety, and stress. However, little is known about the mediating role of subjective social status (SSS) — an individual perception of relative position in the social hierarchy—in the relationship between SES and health outcomes. This study aimed to determine the mediating role of SSS in the relationship between SES and mental health among the employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS).Methods:The data from the enrolment phase of a cohort study on TUMS employees (n = 4461) were used in this cross-sectional study. Household SES was the main independent variable. SES was first entered into the mediation model as a composite index (a combination of wealth index, social class, and education), and then each indicator was entered separately. Stress, anxiety, and depression scores were measured using the DASS-42 Scale as a latent outcome variable for mental health status. SSS was evaluated as a potential mediator variable using the MacArthur scale which was converted to a five-point Likert item. The mediation analysis was carried out using a two-step structural equation modeling (SEM) approach in STATA version 14.0 with maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. Finally, the direct and indirect effects of SES indices on mental health were investigated, considering SSS's mediating role.Results: The data showed that 2706 participants (60.65%) were female and the mean age of all participants was 42.21±8.72 years. The standardized path coefficient for the direct effect of SES on SSS was --0.50 (SE=0.013), whereas the standardized path coefficient for the direct effect of SSS on mental health was 0.10 (SE=0.018). The standardized indirected effect of the composite SES-index on mental health through the SSS is -0.05 (lower SSS and mental health scores and higher SES scores indicate improvements in the status of these variables). Contribution of SSS in association between composite SES-index and the mental health of TUMS employees is 27.78% (27.27% in male and 22.23% in female). In addition, contribution of SSS for the association between the indices of wealth, education, social class and mental health is 41.67%, 36.36%, and 28.57%, respectively.Conclusions:The Findings of this study showed that a poorer SSS may influence the pathology of mental health disorders. It seems to be as a mediator in the association between SES and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Individuals' mental health may thus be improved by intervening in their subjective social status in relation to SES, which is relatively more stable.
Androgen Regulates the Expression and Function of Connexin 43 in Granulosa Cells via the PKC Signalling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Xu Yang , Kuai Yanrong , Wang Sheng , Yu Jiao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Poor ovarian response (POR) is one of the most challenging issues in assisted reproductive technology. Given the importance of androgens in follicle recruitment, growth and development, domestic and foreign reproductive centers have added androgen as an adjuvant to in vitro fertilization protocols for patients with POR to improve the ovarian response. The mechanism underlying the effects of androgens is unclear. The aim of this research was to study the effects of testosterone on granulosa cells and the underlying mechanisms.Methods: The human ovarian granulosa cell line KGN was treated with testosterone at various concentrations, an androgen receptor antagonist (flutamide) and a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor (GF109203X). The protein levels of PKC and phosphorylated connexin 43 (p-Cx43) were measured using Western blot analysis. The location and distribution of Cx43 and p-Cx43 were determined by immunofluorescence. Gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) was monitored using the scrape loading/dye transfer method.Results: The results showed that treatment with testosterone at a physiological level significantly increased the PKC and p-Cx43 levels and GJIC activity in a concentration-dependent manner. However, the expression of PKC, p-Cx43 levels and GJIC activity in the cells treated with testosterone above physiological concentrations (10-5 M) decreased compared with those in the cells treated with 10-7 M testosterone. Compared to the 10-7 M testosterone-treated cells, the KGN cells treated with flutamide had much lower levels of PKC and p-Cx43. The levels of p-Cx43 and GJIC activity in the GF109203X-treated group were decreased compared to those in the 10-7 M testosterone group. Immunofluorescence showed that testosterone treatment had no effect on the localization and distribution of gap junction proteins.Conclusions: This study suggests that androgen can increase GJIC activity in granulosa cells by phosphorylating Cx43 via the PKC signalling pathway to promote oocyte development. The results of this study might provide a theoretical basis for androgen pretreatment of patients with POR.
Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Bovine Ephemeral Fever Viruses in Khuzestan Province of Iran From 2018 to 2020
Authors: Rezatofighi Seyedeh Elham , Mirzadeh Khalil , Mahmoodi Fahimeh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is an arthropod-borne viral disease caused by the BEF virus (BEFV). This single-stranded RNA virus that affects cattle and water buffalo is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions including Iran. While BEF is a major disease of cattle in Iran, information regarding its agent, molecular characterization, and circulating viruses are highly limited. The current study aimed to, firstly, determine the genetic and antigenic characteristics of BEFV strains in Khuzestan province in Southwest of Iran from 2018 to 2020 and, secondly, to compare them with strains obtained from other areas.
Results

By phylogenetic analysis based on the Glycoprotein gene, BEFV strains were divided into four clusters of Middle East, East Asia, South Africa, and Australia; in which the 2018 and 2020 Iranian BEFV strains were grouped in the Middle East cluster with the Turkish, Indian, and Israeli strains. Depending on the chronology and geographical area, the outbreaks of Turkey (2020), Iran (2018 and 2020), and India (2018 and 2019) are proposed to be related. These BEFVs had the highest identity matrix and the lowest evolutionary distance among the studied strains. Multiple sequence alignment of G1, G2, and G3 antigenic sites showed that these neutralizing epitopes are highly conserved among the strains of the Middle East cluster; however, the strains previously identified in Iran differed in three amino acids placed in G1 and G2 epitopes.
Conclusion

The findings revealed that BEFVs circulating in the Middle East are closely related phylogenetically and geographically. They also have similar antigenic structures; therefore, developing a vaccine based on these strains can be effective for controlling BEF in the Middle East.
SARS-CoV-2 NSP-12 mutations survey during the pandemic in the world
Authors: Mazhari Sogol , Alavifard Helia , Rahimian Karim , Karimi Zohreh , Mahmanzar Mohammadamin , Sisakht Mahsa Mollapour , Bitaraf Masoud , Arefian Ehsan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background

SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the beta coronavirus family responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome pandemic. The infection first emerged in Wuhan, China, and rapidly spread worldwide. The ongoing outbreak has posed an urgent worldwide health threat due to the rapid transmittable potential and high mortality rate. Due to the critical role of none structural protein − 12 (NSP-12) in COVID-19. This study tries to investigate the link between genotype-phenotype NSP-12 variation and the prevalence of this disease.
Methods

We analyzed approximately 2 million Nsp12 of SARS-CoV-2 protein sequence from January 2020 until June 2021. Python programming language was utilized to preprocess and apply inclusion criteria on FASTA files to prepare a list of suitable samples for clustering samples. NSP-12 regions were aligned to the reference sequence to compare and identify mutation patterns, categorized based on frequency and continent.
Results

The rate of ‌NSP-12 mutation in divided geographical areas was different. Based on continental studies, the P227L and G671S mutations have multiplied over time and in European and Asian societies in recent months. According to biochemical studies, the occurrence of G671S mutation increases the stability of the protein.
Conclusion

We concluded that NSP-12 P227L and G671S mutations in SARS-CoV-2 are increased in recent months. Further studies will be required to investigate whether these mutations impact the severity of the disease.
New Clues to Reveal Origins of Hot- and Warm-Jupiter: Mutual Occurrence Rate of Hot Jupiter，Warm Jupiter and Cold Jupiter
Authors: Su Xiangning , Zhang Hui , Zhou Jilin 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Many works based on the correlations between the occurrence rate of various giant planets and stellar properties of their hosts have provided clues revealing planetary formation processes. However, few researches have focused on the mutual occurrence rate of different type of planets and their dependency upon the stellar properties, which may help to provide an insight into the dynamics evolution history of planetary systems. To investigate the mutual occurrence rates, first we define three types of giant planets, i.e. cold Jupiter(CJ), warm Jupiter(WJ) and hot Jupiter(HJ), according to their position normalized by the snow-line in the system, ap > asnow, 0:1asnow < ap ≤ asnow and ap ≤ 0:1asnow, respectively. Then, we derive their occurrence rates(ηHJ,ηwJ,ηcJ) considering completeness correction caused by different detection methods (RV and transit) and surveys (HARPS& CORALIE and Kepler). Finally, we investigate the correlation between the relative occurrence rates, i.e. ηcJ/ηwJ or ηwJ/ηHJ, and various stellar properties, e.g. stellar metallicity and effective temperature Teff . We find that ηWJ from RV and transit surveys show a similar increasing trend with the increasing stellar effective temperature when Teff ≤ 6100K. While ηcJ from RV samples is almost flat within Teff in (4600K;6100K], and ηHJ from transit samples is increasing with increasing stellar effective temperature within 3600K < Te f f < 7100K. Further more, we find that the mutual occurrence rate between CJ and WJ, i.e. ηcJ/ηwJ , shows a decreasing trend with the increasing stellar effective temperature. In contrary, the ratio ηwJ/ηHJ is reversely depends on the stellar effective temperature. After a series of consistency tests, our results suggest the in-situ hypothesis can be excluded from the formation process of both WJ and HJ. However, the origin and evolution history of HJ may be quite different from that of WJ.
Implementation Models for Development in Low- and Middle-income Countries: Systematic Review of Peer-Reviewed Literature
Authors: Evans William Douglas , Gerard Raquel , Symington Lorry , Shaikh Hina , Agha Sohail 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background. This study operationally defines a relatively small, but growing field of study on practical implementation models for health behavior change in the context of international development. The paper examines the continuum of behavioral theories and their application in the context of development programs and research in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We describe implementation models, point out that they have strengths in terms of feasibility and evaluability, and examine how they have been used to design theory-based interventions.The main research question (RQ1) is the following: What is the extent and nature of evidence published in this field? Two additional hypotheses are: (H1) There are examples, such as the Fogg Behavioral Model and others, that have established evidence for practical implementation models; and (H2) There are some practical implementation models that represent best practices and may be recommended as a basis for resources and intervention design in the context of international development. The study describes the state of evidence for feasible implementation models for development.Methods. The authors conducted a systematic search of the published, peer-reviewed literature following the widely accepted PRISMA methods for systematic reviews. We aimed to identify all relevant manuscripts published in the English language in health, social science, and business literature that apply implementation models, located in an LMIC, with a behavior change objective. We located 1,078 articles through database searching and 106 through other means. Ultimately, we identified 25 relevant articles for inclusion.Results. In answer to RQ1, we found that the peer-reviewed literature on implementation models for development has been growing in recent years, with 80% of reviewed papers published since 2015. There was a wide range of different models revealed by this review but none demonstrated clear-cut evidence of being most effective. However, the models found in this review share common characteristics of focusing on the three central tenets of Opportunity, Ability, and Motivation (OAM).Conclusions. This review found that implementation models for development are a promising and growing approach to behavior change in LMICs. Intervention models research should be expanded and applied in new domains, such as vaccination.
Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Rationing COVID-19 Vaccines Amidst Extreme Scarcity: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Barugahare John , Kwagala Betty , Ochieng Joseph 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: In the context of scarce health-resources robust priority setting for access to existing interventions is critical for at least two reasons: ensuring efficient use of resources, and equitable access to existing interventions. This need is more urgent, and its achievement more intractable in severely resource-constrained health systems, of Low and Middle Income Countries, such as Uganda. COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting need for large-scale and immediate vaccination amidst extreme scarcity of vaccines in Uganda necessitated an exploration of stakeholders’ perspectives on the country’s priority setting for access to COVID-19 vaccines. We aimed at exploring stakeholders’ perspectives on priority setting for COVID-19 vaccination in Ugandan. Methods: We conducted key informant and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders in the COVID-19 intervention including public health experts, clinicians, policy makers, human rights experts, bioethicists, legal fraternity, biomedical scientists and members from the general public. Stakeholders’ views were sought on the status of official guidelines for rationing COVID-19 vaccines; who they thought should get priority for vaccination and why; and what the process of setting such priorities should involve. Data were transcribed and analysed thematically using NVivo software (QSR international 2020).Results: There was concern about lack of clarity regarding context-specific guidance on priorities COVID-19 vaccination. This concern was corroborated by the fact that national guidelines for COVID-19 vaccination are still in draft form and inaccessible to the public. Regarding who should get priority and why, dominant views indicated more concern for efficiency-cum-effectiveness at controlling the spread of the virus, although further probing revealed that some of these views were partly motivated by equity concerns. Most respondents felt that the process of developing the needed guidelines should have employed a bottom-up approach involving rigorous community engagement. Conclusion: Given extreme of scarce health resources, in order to strike favourable balance between effectiveness and equity in rationing COVID-19 vaccines, there is need for clear and context-specific official guidelines. To achieve such a goal, the guidelines need to be developed through a bottom-up approach involving robust public engagement.
Conversion of Cellulose Into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) In a H2O/Tetrahydrofuran/Cyclohexane Biphasic System With Al2(SO4)3 As Catalyst
Authors: Shi Ning , Zhu Yuju , Qin Bangzhi , Liu Ying , Zhang Hongyan , Huang Hongsheng , Liu Yunhua 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A simple and efficient biphasic system consisting of H2O, tetrahydrofuran (THF), cyclohexane (CHX) and Al2(SO4)3 was employed to convert cellulose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with high yield of 71.2%. The real volumes of organic phase (Vorg) and aqueous phase (Vaque) of the biphasic system at reaction temperature were measured to found out that over 80% of the added H2O was dissolved into the organic phase at reaction temperature, leading to high Vorg/Vaque (over 44/1) and high concentration of Al2(SO4)3 (over 0.34 g/mL) in aqueous phase. The high concentration of Al2(SO4)3 in aqueous phase could efficiently catalyze the conversion of cellulose into HMF, while the high Vorg/Vaque could protect the formed HMF from rehydration, all of which are responsible for the high efficiency of the system on conversion of cellulose into HMF. The addition of CHX into reaction mixture could decrease the solubility of Al2(SO4)3 and H2O in the organic phase, which could improve the stability of HMF in the reaction system, resulting higher yield of HMF from cellulose. Because of the high Vorg/Vaque of the reaction system, one microemulsion-like system and liquid film catalytic model are proposed for the cellulose-to-HMF process.
Structure and Stability Analysis of Antibacterial Substances Produced by Selenium Enriched Bacillus Cereus
Authors: Ming Shanxiu , Chen Xujun , Zhang Na , Li Shuyi , Zhu Zhenzhou , Cheng Shuiyuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Microorganisms can produce many antibiotics against bacteria and fungi, which have been used as potential choice of new antibiotics. In this paper, Bacillus cereus, was used to study the properties of antibacterial substance in its fermentation supernatant. The results showed that the source of antibacterial activity of Bacillus cereus was mainly the antibacterial substance produced by acid precipitation method, and further characterization speculates that the antibacterial substance may be lipopeptide substance. Then the antibacterial spectrum of the antibacterial substance was investigated, which showed that the antibacterial substance only had good inhibitory effect on Gram-positive bacteria and fungi, and selenium enrichment could significantly enhance the antibacterial activity of lipopeptide antibacterial substance produced by Bacillus cereus, and the inhibition mode of antibacterial substance to indicator bacteria was determined. The effects of different treatment methods on the stability of antibacterial substance were studied and the results showed that the antibacterial substance were stable to heat, ultrasonic and ultraviolet treatment, and their antibacterial activity would not be greatly affected. However, they were sensitive to pepsin. The optimum pH range of antibacterial activity was 3-5. This study may contribute to reuse the fermentation supernatant often discarded in the previous fermentation process. At the same time, the lipopeptide antibacterial substance extracted from the fermentation broth of selenium enriched Bacillus cereus can be used in the development of antibiotics and biopesticides, and open up a new way for the control of plant diseases.
Predefined and data driven CT densitometric features predict critical illness and hospital length of stay in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Shalmon Tamar , Salazar Pascal , Horie Miho , Hanneman Kate , Pakkal Mini , Anwari Vahid , Fratesi Jennifer 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare predefined and data-driven parameters of whole lung CT density histograms to predict critical illness outcome and hospital length of stay in a cohort of 80 COVID-19 patients. CT chest images on segmented lungs were retrospectively analyzed. Functional Principal Component Analysis (FPCA) was used to find the main modes of variations on CT density histograms (F1,F2,F3,F4) in the whole patient cohort. The data driven and a priori CT density features, the CT severity score, the COVID-GRAM score and the patient clinical data were assessed for predicting the patient outcome using logistic regression models stratified for contrast enhanced CT and non-enhanced CT, and survival analysis. ROC analysis identified as best predictors of critically ill status: 87.5th percentile CT density (Q875) - AUC: 0.88 95%CI (0.79 0.94), F1-CT - AUC: 0.87 (0.77 0.93) Standard Deviation (SD-CT)- AUC: 0.86 (0.73, 0.93). Multivariate models combining CT-density predictors and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio showed the highest accuracy with cross-validated AUCs in the 0.91–0.92 range for contrast CT and 0.82–0.88 range for non-contrast CT. SD-CT, Q875 and F1 score were significant predictors of hospital length of stay while controlling for hospital death using competing risks models. Predefined and data-driven parameters of lung CT density histograms can predict critical illness and length of stay to guide management and resources. FPCA method can be used to interpret the CT density histogram variation in a patient cohort and to extract predictive features with minimal a priori knowledge.
Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Effect of Nitric Oxide on the Lateral Root Development and Growth of Mangrove Plant Kandelia Obovata
Authors: Wei Ming-Yue , Li Huan , Zhong You-Hui , Shen Zhi-Jun , Ma Dong-Na , Gao Chang-Hao , Liu Yi-Ling , Wang Wen-Hua , Zhang Jing-Ya , You Yan-Ping , Zheng Hai-Lei 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background and aims Kandelia obovata, a dominant mangrove species in China, produces complex buttress roots and prop roots in intertidal wetlands where high quantities of nitric oxide (NO) are produced by reducing sediments. NO, a key signaling molecule, participates in an array of plant physiological and developmental processes. However, it is unclear whether NO functions in K. obovata root system establishment. Methods Here, we used a transcriptomic approach to investigate the potential role of NO in the regulation of K. obovata lateral root development and growth. Transcript profiles and bioinformatics analyses were used to characterize potential regulatory mechanisms. Results NO enhanced K. obovata lateral root development and growth in a dose-dependent manner. RNA-seq analysis identiﬁed 1,593 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 646 and 947 were up- and down-regulated in roots treated with NO donor. Functional annotation analysis demonstrated that the starch and sucrose pathway was significantly induced in response to NO. A suite of DEGs involved in hormone signal transduction and cell wall metabolism was also differentially regulated by NO. Taken together, our results suggest that a complex interaction between energy metabolism, multiple hormone signaling pathways, and cell wall biosynthesis is required for the NO regulation on lateral root development and growth in mangrove plant K. obovata. Conclusion NO appears to contribute to the formation of the unique root system of mangrove plants.