bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adhoc mobile power connectivity using a wireless power transmission grid
Authors: Gaire Pawan , Vital Dieff , Khan Md Rayhan , Chibane Cherif , Bhardwaj Shubhendu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWireless charging of devices has significant outcomes for mobile devices, IoT devices and wearables. Existing technologies consider using Point to Point type wireless transfer from a transmitter Tx (node that is sending Power) to a receiver Rx (node that receives power), which limits the area of coverage for devices. As a result, existing systems are forced to use near field coupling to charge such devices. Fundamental limitation is also that such methods limit charging to a small hotspot. In partnership with Wireless Electrical Grid LANs (WiGL pronounced “wiggle”), we demonstrate patented Ad-hoc mesh networking method(s) to provide wireless recharging at over 5 feet from the source, while allowing significant lateral movement of the receiver on the WiGL (Wireless Grid LAN or local area network). The transmitter network method leverages a series of panels, operating as a mesh of transmitters that can be miniaturized or hidden in walls or furniture for an ergonomic use. This disruptive technology holds the unique advantage of being able to provide recharging of moving targets similar to the cellular concept used in WiLAN, as opposed to prior wireless charging attempts, which only allow a hotspot-based charging. Specifically, we demonstrate the charging of a popular smartphone using the proposed system in the radiating near field zone of the transmitter antennas, while the user is free to move in the space on the meshed network. The averaged received power of 10 dBm is demonstrated using 1W RF-transmitter(s), operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The proposed hardware consists of antennas arrays, rectennas, power management and USB 2.0 interfaces for maintaining a voltage between 4.2 and 5.3 V and smooth charging. We also show extending the wireless grid coverage with the use of multiple transmitting antennas, and mechanical beam-steering even further an increased coverage using the proposed system.
Irinotecan and its metabolite SN38 inhibits procollagen I production of dermal fibroblasts from Systemic Sclerosis patients
Authors: Lapoirie J. , Tran L. , Piazza L. , Contin-Bordes C. , Truchetet M. E. , Bonnet F. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by a microangiopathy and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. No treatment has been proved to be efficient in case of early or advanced SSc to prevent or reduce fibrosis. There are strong arguments for a key role of topo-I in the pathogenesis of diffuse SSc. Irinotecan, a semisynthetic derivative of Camptothecin, specifically target topo-I. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of noncytotoxic doses of irinotecan or its active metabolite SN38 on collagen production in SSc fibroblasts. Dermal fibroblasts from 4 patients with SSc and 2 healthy donors were cultured in the presence or absence of irinotecan or SN38. Procollagen I release was determined by ELISA and expression of a panel of genes involved in fibrosis was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Subcytotoxic doses of irinotecan and SN38 caused a significant and dose-dependent decrease of the procollagen I production in dermal fibroblasts from SSc patients, respectively − 48 ± 3%, p < 0.0001 and − 37 ± 6.2%, p = 0.0097. Both irinotecan and SN38 led to a global downregulation of genes involved in fibrosis such as COL1A1, COL1A2, MMP1 and ACTA2 in dermal fibroblasts from SSc patients (respectively − 27; − 20.5; − 30.2 and − 30% for irinotecan and − 61; − 55; − 50 and − 54% for SN38). SN38 increased significantly CCL2 mRNA level (+ 163%). The inhibitory effect of irinotecan and its active metabolite SN38 on collagen production by SSc fibroblasts, which occurs through regulating the levels of expression of genes mRNA, suggests that topoisomerase I inhibitors may be effective in limiting fibrosis in such patients.
Analysis of the application of a gene chip method for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug resistance in clinical specimens: a retrospective study
Authors: Feng Gang , Han Wenhao , Shi Jinyan , Xia Rongrong , Xu Jianchun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMost Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) resistant to rifampicin (RIF) has mutations in the rpoB gene, while most Mtb resistant to isoniazid (INH) has mutations in the katG gene or inhA promoter. We used gene chip technology to detect mutations in these genes to determine the resistance of Mtb to RIF and INH. A total of 4148 clinical specimens with sputum smear positivity for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) were detected. Then, taking the results of the drug sensitivity test (DST) as the reference standard, the detection efficiency of sputum samples from different grades of positive smears was compared in detail. We found that the sensitivity of the gene chip method for detecting sputum samples with a grade ≥ AFB 2 + was higher than that of sputum samples with a grade ≤ AFB 1 + (P < 0.05). When the grade of the sample was ≤ AFB 1 +, the sensitivity of the gene chip method was 72.6% for RIF, 67.3% for INH, and 60.0% for MDR-TB. When the grade of the sample was ≥ AFB 2 +, the sensitivity of the gene chip method was 84.5% for RIF, 78.2% for INH, and 73.9% for MDR-TB. The results show that gene chip technology can be directly used to diagnose drug-resistant tuberculosis in clinical specimens, and the diagnostic efficiency for the detection of sputum specimens with a grade ≥ AFB 2 + is better than that of other sputum specimens.
Risk factors for periorbital dermatitis in patients using dorzolamide/timolol eye drops
Authors: Kim Myungjin , Jang Hyoju , Rho Seungsoo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study assessed the clinical risk factors for periorbital dermatitis (PD) after using dorzolamide/timolol eye drops in a total of 1282 glaucoma patients. Both the PD(+) group and the PD(−) group were evaluated using clinical data such as age, sex, dosing duration, presence of benzalkonium chloride (BAK) in the formulation, ocular surgery history (e.g. cataract or glaucoma operations), height, weight, personal history of systemic hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, intraocular pressure, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central corneal thickness, axial length, and visual field index (VFI). Univariate analyses showed that shorter dosing duration, higher rate of BAK-included cases, worse BCVA, worse VFI, more systemic hypertension history, and more ocular surgery history were more associated with the PD(+) group than the PD(−) group. The BAK(−) group showed a lower PD rate than the BAK-included group, which was supported by the Kaplan–Meier analysis (log-rank test, p = 0.0014). Multivariate analyses revealed that the probability of PD increased by 8 times if they had a history of ocular surgery and increased by 2.3% when the VFI decreased by 1% (Cox’s hazard regression test, p < 0.001). Therefore, a preservative-free dorzolamide/timolol can benefit the subjects for those who had ocular surgery or who have worse VFI.
The effect of population size for pathogen transmission on prediction of COVID-19 spread
Authors: Zhang Xuqi , Liu Haiqi , Tang Hanning , Zhang Mei , Yuan Xuedong , Shen Xiaojing 
Published: September 2021

AbstractExtreme public health interventions play a critical role in mitigating the local and global prevalence and pandemic potential. Here, we use population size for pathogen transmission to measure the intensity of public health interventions, which is a key characteristic variable for nowcasting and forecasting of COVID-19. By formulating a hidden Markov dynamic system and using nonlinear filtering theory, we have developed a stochastic epidemic dynamic model under public health interventions. The model parameters and states are estimated in time from internationally available public data by combining an unscented filter and an interacting multiple model filter. Moreover, we consider the computability of the population size and provide its selection criterion. With applications to COVID-19, we estimate the mean of the effective reproductive number of China and the rest of the globe except China (GEC) to be 2.4626 (95% CI: 2.4142–2.5111) and 3.0979 (95% CI: 3.0968–3.0990), respectively. The prediction results show the effectiveness of the stochastic epidemic dynamic model with nonlinear filtering. The hidden Markov dynamic system with nonlinear filtering can be used to make analysis, nowcasting and forecasting for other contagious diseases in the future since it helps to understand the mechanism of disease transmission and to estimate the population size for pathogen transmission and the number of hidden infections, which is a valid tool for decision-making by policy makers for epidemic control.
Optical versus electron diffraction imaging of Twist-angle in 2D transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers
Authors: Psilodimitrakopoulos S. , Orekhov A. , Mouchliadis L. , Jannis D. , Maragkakis G. M. , Kourmoulakis G. , Gauquelin N. , Kioseoglou G. , Verbeeck J. , Stratakis E. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAtomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials can be vertically stacked with van der Waals bonds, which enable interlayer coupling. In the particular case of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) bilayers, the relative direction between the two monolayers, coined as twist-angle, modifies the crystal symmetry and creates a superlattice with exciting properties. Here, we demonstrate an all-optical method for pixel-by-pixel mapping of the twist-angle with a resolution of 0.55(°), via polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy and we compare it with four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM). It is found that the twist-angle imaging of WS2 bilayers, using the P-SHG technique is in excellent agreement with that obtained using electron diffraction. The main advantages of the optical approach are that the characterization is performed on the same substrate that the device is created on and that it is three orders of magnitude faster than the 4D STEM. We envisage that the optical P-SHG imaging could become the gold standard for the quality examination of TMD superlattice-based devices.
Artificial intelligence sepsis prediction algorithm learns to say “I don’t know”
Authors: Shashikumar Supreeth P. , Wardi Gabriel , Malhotra Atul , Nemati Shamim 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early identification of sepsis is important as it allows timely administration of potentially life-saving resuscitation and antimicrobial therapy. We present COMPOSER (COnformal Multidimensional Prediction Of SEpsis Risk), a deep learning model for the early prediction of sepsis, specifically designed to reduce false alarms by detecting unfamiliar patients/situations arising from erroneous data, missingness, distributional shift and data drifts. COMPOSER flags these unfamiliar cases as indeterminate rather than making spurious predictions. Six patient cohorts (515,720 patients) curated from two healthcare systems in the United States across intensive care units (ICU) and emergency departments (ED) were used to train and externally and temporally validate this model. In a sequential prediction setting, COMPOSER achieved a consistently high area under the curve (AUC) (ICU: 0.925–0.953; ED: 0.938–0.945). Out of over 6 million prediction windows roughly 20% and 8% were identified as indeterminate amongst non-septic and septic patients, respectively. COMPOSER provided early warning within a clinically actionable timeframe (ICU: 12.2 [3.2 22.8] and ED: 2.1 [0.8 4.5] hours prior to first antibiotics order) across all six cohorts, thus allowing for identification and prioritization of patients at high risk for sepsis.
Aβ initiates brain hypometabolism, network dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities via NOX2-induced oxidative stress in mice
Authors: Malkov Anton , Popova Irina , Ivanov Anton , Jang Sung-Soo , Yoon Seo Yeon , Osypov Alexander , Huang Yadong , Zilberter Yuri , Zilberter Misha 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA predominant trigger and driver of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the synergy of brain oxidative stress and glucose hypometabolism starting at early preclinical stages. Oxidative stress damages macromolecules, while glucose hypometabolism impairs cellular energy supply and antioxidant defense. However, the exact cause of AD-associated glucose hypometabolism and its network consequences have remained unknown. Here we report NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activation as the main initiating mechanism behind Aβ1-42-related glucose hypometabolism and network dysfunction. We utilize a combination of electrophysiology with real-time recordings of metabolic transients both ex- and in-vivo to show that Aβ1-42 induces oxidative stress and acutely reduces cellular glucose consumption followed by long-lasting network hyperactivity and abnormalities in the animal behavioral profile. Critically, all of these pathological changes were prevented by the novel bioavailable NOX2 antagonist GSK2795039. Our data provide direct experimental evidence for causes and consequences of AD-related brain glucose hypometabolism, and suggest that targeting NOX2-mediated oxidative stress is a promising approach to both the prevention and treatment of AD.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa adapts to octenidine via a combination of efflux and membrane remodelling
Authors: Bock Lucy J. , Ferguson Philip M. , Clarke Maria , Pumpitakkul Vichayanee , Wand Matthew E. , Fady Paul-Enguerrand , Allison Leanne , Fleck Roland A. , Shepherd Matthew J. , Mason A. James , Sutton J. Mark 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen capable of stably adapting to the antiseptic octenidine by an unknown mechanism. Here we characterise this adaptation, both in the laboratory and a simulated clinical setting, and identify a novel antiseptic resistance mechanism. In both settings, 2 to 4-fold increase in octenidine tolerance was associated with stable mutations and a specific 12 base pair deletion in a putative Tet-repressor family gene (smvR), associated with a constitutive increase in expression of the Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) efflux pump SmvA. Adaptation to higher octenidine concentrations led to additional stable mutations, most frequently in phosphatidylserine synthase pssA and occasionally in phosphatidylglycerophosphate synthase pgsA genes, resulting in octenidine tolerance 16- to 256-fold higher than parental strains. Metabolic changes were consistent with mitigation of oxidative stress and altered plasma membrane composition and order. Mutations in SmvAR and phospholipid synthases enable higher level, synergistic tolerance of octenidine.
Differential whole-genome doubling and homologous recombination deficiencies across breast cancer subtypes from the Taiwanese population
Authors: Wu Chia-Hsin , Hsieh Chia-Shan , Chang Yo-Cheng , Huang Chi-Cheng , Yeh Hsien-Tang , Hou Ming-Feng , Chung Yuan-Chiang , Tu Shih-Hsin , Chang King-Jen , Chattopadhyay Amrita , Lai Liang-Chuan , Lu Tzu-Pin , Li Yung-Hua , Tsai Mong-Hsun , Chuang Eric Y. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWhole-genome doubling (WGD) is an early macro-evolutionary event in tumorigenesis, involving the doubling of an entire chromosome complement. However, its impact on breast cancer subtypes remains unclear. Here, we performed a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of WGD and its influence on breast cancer subtypes in patients from Taiwan and consequently highlight the genomic association between WGD and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD). A higher manifestation of WGD was reported in triple-negative breast cancer, conferring high chromosomal instability (CIN), while HER2 + tumors exhibited early WGD events, with widely varied CIN levels, compared to luminal-type tumors. An association of higher activity of de novo indel signature 2 with WGD and HRD in Taiwanese breast cancer patients was reported. A control test between WGD and pseudo non-WGD samples was further employed to support this finding. The study provides a better comprehension of tumorigenesis in breast cancer subtypes, thus assisting in personalized treatment.
Allosteric coupling of sub-millisecond clamshell motions in ionotropic glutamate receptor ligand-binding domains
Authors: Rajab Suhaila , Bismin Leah , Schwarze Simone , Pinggera Alexandra , Greger Ingo H. , Neuweiler Hannes 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIonotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) mediate signal transmission in the brain and are important drug targets. Structural studies show snapshots of iGluRs, which provide a mechanistic understanding of gating, yet the rapid motions driving the receptor machinery are largely elusive. Here we detect kinetics of conformational change of isolated clamshell-shaped ligand-binding domains (LBDs) from the three major iGluR sub-types, which initiate gating upon binding of agonists. We design fluorescence probes to measure domain motions through nanosecond fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. We observe a broad kinetic spectrum of LBD dynamics that underlie activation of iGluRs. Microsecond clamshell motions slow upon dimerization and freeze upon binding of full and partial agonists. We uncover allosteric coupling within NMDA LBD hetero-dimers, where binding of L-glutamate to the GluN2A LBD stalls clamshell motions of the glycine-binding GluN1 LBD. Our results reveal rapid LBD dynamics across iGluRs and suggest a mechanism of negative allosteric cooperativity in NMDA receptors.
Estimation of the orientation of stress in the Earth’s crust without earthquake or borehole data
Authors: Delorey Andrew A. , Bokelmann Götz H. R. , Johnson Christopher W. , Johnson Paul A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMechanical stress acting in the Earth’s crust is a fundamental property that is important for a wide range of scientific and engineering applications. The orientation of maximum horizontal compressive stress can be estimated by inverting earthquake source mechanisms and measured directly from borehole-based measurements, but large regions of the continents have few or no observations. Here we present an approach to determine the orientation of maximum horizontal compressive stress by measuring stress-induced anisotropy of nonlinear susceptibility, which is the derivative of elastic modulus with respect to strain. Laboratory and Earth experiments show that nonlinear susceptibility is azimuthally dependent in an anisotropic stress field and is maximum in the orientation of maximum horizontal compressive stress. We observe this behavior in the Earth—in Oklahoma and New Mexico, U.S.A, where maximum nonlinear susceptibility coincides with the orientation of maximum horizontal compressive stress measured using traditional methods. Our measurements use empirical Green’s functions and solid-earth tides and can be applied at different temporal and spatial scales.
Intelligent fitting global real‐time task scheduling strategy for high‐performance multi‐core systems
Authors: Wu Junpeng , Zhao Enyuan , Li Sizhao , Wang Yanqiang 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWith the development of high‐performance computing, it is possible to solve large‐scale computing problems. However, the irregularity and access characteristics of computing problems bring challenges to the realisation and performance optimisation. Improving the performance of a single core makes it challenging to maintain Moore's law, and multi‐core processors emerge. A chip brings together multiple universal processor cores of equal status and has the same structure supported by an isomorphic multi‐core processor. In high‐performance computing, the granularity of computing tasks leads to the complexity of scheduling strategies. Satisfying high system performance, load balancing and processor fault tolerance at a minimum cost is the key to task scheduling in the high‐performance field, especially in specific multi‐core hardware architecture. In this study, global real‐time task scheduling is implemented in a high‐performance multi‐core system. The system adopts the hybrid scheduling among clusters and the intelligent fitting within clusters to implement the global real‐time task scheduling strategy. In the cluster scheduling policy, tasks are allowed to preempt the core with low priority, and the priority of tasks that access memory is dynamically improved, higher than that of all the tasks without memory access. An intelligent fitting method is also proposed. When the data read by the task is in the cache and the cache access ability value of the task is within a reasonable threshold, the priority of the task is promoted to the highest priority, preempting the core without the access memory task. The results show that the intelligently fitting global scheduling strategy for multi‐core systems has better performance in the nuclear utilisation rate and task schedulability.
If you like C/O variations, you should have put a ring on it
Authors: van der Marel Nienke , Bosman Arthur D. , Krijt Sebastiaan , Mulders Gijs D. , Bergner Jennifer B. 
Published: September 2021

Context. The C/O ratio as traced with C2H emission in protoplanetary disks is fundamental for constraining the formation mechanisms of exoplanets and for our understanding of volatile depletion in disks, but current C2H observations show an apparent bimodal distribution that is not well understood, indicating that the C/O distribution is not described by a simple radial dependence.
Aims. The transport of icy pebbles has been suggested to alter the local elemental abundances in protoplanetary disks through settling, drift, and trapping in pressure bumps, resulting in a depletion of volatiles in the surface layer and an increase in the elemental C/O.
Methods. We combine all disks with spatially resolved ALMA C2H observations with high-resolution continuum images and constraints on the CO snow line to determine if the C2H emission is indeed related to the location of the icy pebbles.
Results. We report a possible correlation between the presence of a significant CO-ice dust reservoir and high C2H emission, which is only found in disks with dust rings outside the CO snow line. In contrast, compact dust disks (without pressure bumps) and warm transition disks (with their dust ring inside the CO snow line) are not detected in C2H, suggesting that such disks may have never contained a significant CO ice reservoir.
Conclusions. This correlation provides evidence for the regulation of the C/O profile by the complex interplay of CO snow line and pressure bump locations in the disk. These results demonstrate the importance of including dust transport in chemical disk models for a proper interpretation of exoplanet atmospheric compositions and a better understanding of volatile depletion in disks, in particular the use of CO isotopologs to determine gas surface densities.