bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Device of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanoflakes with Defect Centres and a Nano-Fibre Bragg Cavity
Authors: Tashima Toshiyuki , Takashima Hideaki , Schell Andreas W. , Tran Toan Trong , Aharonovich Igor , Takeuchi Shigeki 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Solid-state quantum emitters coupled with a single mode fibre are of interest for photonic and quantum applications. In this context, nanofibre Bragg cavities (NFBCs), which are microcavities fabricated in an optical nanofibre, are promising devices because they can efficiently couple photons emitted from the quantum emitters to the single mode fibre. Recently, we have realized a hybrid device of an NFBC and a single colloidal CdSe/ZnS quantum dot. However, colloidal quantum dots exhibit inherent photo-bleaching. Thus, it is desired to couple an NFBC with defect centres in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) as stable quantum emitters. In this work, we realize a hybrid system of an NFBC and defect centres in hBN nanoflakes. In this experiment, we fabricate NFBCs with a quality factor of 807 and a resonant wavelength at around 573 nm, which matches well with the fluorescent wavelength of the defect centres in hBN, using a helium focused ion beam (FIB) system. We also develop a manipulation system to place hBN nanoflakes on a cavity region of the NFBCs and realize a hybrid device with an NFBC. By exciting the nanoflakes via an objective lens and collecting the fluorescence through the NFBC, we observe a sharp emission peak at the resonant wavelength of the NFBC.
The Relationship Between Professional Job Burnout and Temperament (Mizaj) from the Viewpoint of Traditional Persian Medicine and Work-Related Variables Among Iranian Dentists: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: noori fereshteh , owlia fatemeh , kazemeini seyed kazem 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
background: Dentists are prone to professional burnout due to the nature of their work but this phenomenon may be prevented. Professional burnout has a great impact on different aspects of human life. On the other hand, temperament could have a vital role in behaviors, interests, and lifestyle. The present study aimed to determine the professional burnout level among Iranian dentists and its association with temperament in view of traditional Persian medicine and work-related variables. Methods: This observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among an Iranian dentist sample in Yazd between February 2020 and August 2020. 145 dentists were enrolled in the study. Human temperament and burnout levels were assessed by means of the Salmannejad temperament and Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaires (MBI), respectively. In total, 120 valid questionnaires were collected, with a response rate of 82.76%. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics mean and standard deviation, Analytical tests (including chi-square test, multivariate analysis of variance) using Spss17 (Chicago, USA) software was done.Results: Among participants, 8.3% had high emotional exhaustion, 7.5% had depersonalization and 2.5% had reduced personal accomplishment. According to the results, 28.3% of dentists had warm-wet, 13.3% had warm-dry, 7.5% had cold-dry and 13.3% had cold-wet mizaj. The score of professional burnout in the area of emotional exhaustion had a positive correlation with job satisfaction. (P-value<0.05)Conclusion: Based on the findings, it is concluded, it may conclude professional burnout and job satisfaction had a negative significant correlation. No statistically significant relationship was seen between different mizaj and professional burnout among dentists.
Indoor Air Quality Improvement and Purification by Atmospheric Pressure Non-Thermal Plasma (NTP)
Authors: Asilevi Prince Junior , Boakye Patrick , Oduro-Kwarteng Sampson , Fei-Baffoe Bernard , Sokama-Neuyam Yen Adams 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is a promising technology for the improvement of indoor air quality (IAQ) by removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through advanced oxidation process (AOP). In this paper, authors developed a laboratory scale dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor which generates atmospheric NTP to study the removal of low-concentration formaldehyde (HCHO), a typical indoor air VOC in the built environment associated with cancer and leukemia, under different processing conditions. Strong ionization NTP was generated between the DBD electrodes by a pulse power zero-voltage switching flyback transformer (ZVS-FBT), which caused ionization of air molecules leading to active species formation to convert HCHO into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O). The impact of key electrical and physical processing parameters i.e. discharge power (P), initial concentration (Cin), flow rate (F), and relative humidity (RH) which affect the formaldehyde removal efficiency (ɳ) were studied to determine optimum conditions. Results show that, the correlation coefficient (R²) of removal efficiency dependence on the processing parameters follow the order R² (F) = 0.99 > R² (RH) = 0.96, > R² (Cin) = 0.94> R² (P) = 0.93. The removal efficiency reached 98.45% under the optimum conditions of P=0.6 W, Cin=0.1 ppm, F=0.2 m3/h, and RH=65% with no secondary pollution. The study provided a theoretical and experimental basis for the application of DBD plasma for air purification in the built environment.
Gen X-Pert MTB/Rif Assay with the Ziehl Nielsen, and Florescence Microscopy Detection Rate of Urinary Tuberculosis Among Suspected and Pulmonary MTB Positive Patients Visiting University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.
Authors: Eshetie Dessie , Worku Minichil , Tigabu Abiye , Aynalem Melak , Berhane Nega 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background

Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a major global public health concern. Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis accounts for 15% of the global tuberculosis burden. Urinary tract tuberculosis is one of the most common and severe forms of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in clinical practice. Diagnosis of urinary tract tuberculosis by Gen X-pert MTB/RIF assay from developing countries including Ethiopia is limited. Thus, this study was aimed to compare Gene X-pert MTB/RIF assay with the convectional diagnosis methods.
Methods

A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and suspected for urinary tract tuberculosis patients at University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital from February 2020 to June 2020 G.C. Non-randomized purposive sampling technique was used to select study participants. To detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a urine sample was collected. Then, Ziehl Nielsen and fluorescence microscope, Gene X-pert Real-time PCR were performed to detect the Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sociodemographic, clinical data, and laboratory data were collected and entered into EPI-Info version 3.5.3 and then transferred to SPSS version-20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics were summarized as percentages, means, and standard deviations.
Results

A total of 64 study participants were enrolled in this study, 64.2% (41/64) were males and 30% (19/64) were in the age group of 31–45 years. Moreover, 71.9% (46/64) and 57.8% (37/64) study participants were rural residences and illiterate respectively. Among the 64 study participants, 4.69% (3/64) were positive for urinary tuberculosis by Gene X-expert. However, 1.56% (1/64) was positive by fluorescence microscopy, and there was no urinary tuberculosis detected by Ziehl Nielsen examination method.
Conclusion and recommendation:

The prevalence of urinary tract Mycobacterium tuberculosis using Gene X-pert and fluorescence microscopy was 4.69% (3/64) and 1.56% (1/64), respectively. Gene X-pert has higher detection rate than the conventional methods. Therefore, it is better to develop a guideline on how to use Gen x-pert for the diagnosis for urinary tract tuberculosis in urine samples.
Equity of Health Resources Allocation in Rural Guangxi from 2016 to 2019: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Huang Shangyuhui , Qi-ming FENG 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Background: Since 2009, the main task of the new health reform in China is to increase the equity of health resources allocation in primary health care institutions. Health policies and strategies have been established to increase the capacity of PHC services, with improved equity as the most important goal. The objective of this study is to analyze the status quo and equity of health resources distribution in rural Guangxi from 2016 to 2019.Methods: Descriptive statistics analysis was used to analyze the status quo of health resource allocation in rural health center in Guangxi from 2016 to 2019. Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient and Theil index were used to evaluate the equity of health resource allocation in rural health center in Guangxi from 2016 to 2019, from three dimensions of population, geography and economy. Results: From 2016 to 2019, the total amount of health resources in rural health center in Guangxi was increased, but the professional title and education background of health workers is still low. In 2019, the Gini coefficient was 0.085-0.217 geographically, 0.080-0.367 demographically and 0.135-0.340 economically. The total Theil index was 013-0.211, and the majority of the contribution rate of within regions was greater than the between regions. Conclusion: From 2016 to 2019, the distribution of health resources in rural Guangxi was uneven among regions, and with great differences within regions.
Electron quantum path control in high harmonic generation via chirp variation of strong laser pulses
Authors: Petrakis Stylianos , Bakarezos Makis , Tatarakis Michael , Benis Emmanouil , Papadogiannis Nektarios 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The quantum phases of the electron paths driven by an ultrafast laser in high harmonic generation in an atomic gas depends linearly on the instantaneous cycle-averaged laser intensity. Using high laser intensities, a complete single ionisation of the atomic gas may occur before the laser pulse peak. Therefore, high harmonic generation could be localized only in a temporal window at the leading edge of laser pulse envelope. Varying the laser frequency chirp of an intense ultrafast laser pulse, the centre, and the width of the temporal window, that the high harmonic generation phenomenon occurs, could be controlled with high accuracy. This way, both the duration and the phase of the electron trajectories, that generate efficiently high harmonics, is fully controlled. An accurate and robust method of spectral control and selection of the high harmonic extreme ultraviolet light from distinct quantum paths is experimentally demonstrated. Furthermore, a phenomenological numerical model enlightens the physical processes that take place. This novel approach of the electron quantum path selection via laser chirp is a simple and versatile way of controlling the time-spectral characteristics of the coherent extreme ultraviolet light with future applications in the fields of attosecond pulses and soft x-ray nano-imaging.
Self-collected gargle as a patient-friendly sample collection method for COVID-19 diagnosis in population context
Authors: Utama Revata , Hapsari Rebriarina , Puspitasari Iva , Sari Desvita , Hendrianingtyas Meita , Nurainy Neni 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Scaling up SARS-CoV-2 testing and tracing continues to be plagued with limitation of sample collection method that requires trained healthcare workers to perform and cause discomfort to the patients. In response, we assessed the performance and user preference of gargle specimens for qRT-PCR based detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Indonesia. Inpatients who had recently been diagnosed with COVID-19 and outpatients who were about to perform qRT-PCR testing were asked to provide nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal (NPOP) swabs and self-collected gargle specimens. We demonstrated that self-collected gargle specimens can be an alternative specimen to detect SARS-CoV-2 and the viral RNA remained stable for 31 days on room temperature storage. The developed method was validated for use on multiple RNA extraction kit and commercially available COVID-19 RT-PCR kits. Our developed method achieved sensitivity of 91.38% when compared to paired NPOP swab specimens (Ct < 35) with 95.16% of patients prefer the self-collected gargle method.
Increased expression of Ectodysplasin A2 Receptor EDA2R is the most remarkable and ubiquitous aging-related transcriptional hallmark
Authors: Barbera Maria Chiara , Rito Laura Di , Guarrera Luca , Craparotta Ilaria , Vallerga Arianna , Romeo Margherita , Mapelli Sarah , Bolis Marco 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We report that increased mRNA-expression of Ectodysplasin-A2-Receptor (EDA2R) is the most remarkable aging-associated transcriptional perturbation in humans, and that its induction is confirmed in murine-models of Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome and in other species. Up-regulation of EDA2R occurs in all solid-tissues and is complemented by the progressive transcriptional increase of its ligand in bloodstream. Strengthening of EDA2R/EDA-A2 signaling may exacerbate inflammation in ageing individuals which might be prevented by EDA2R/EDA-A2 blockade.
Genome mapping and gene expression of NDP-sugar pathways in the giant duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza and its relevance for bioenergy
Authors: Pagliuso Debora , Navarro Bruno Viana , Grandis Adriana , Zerillo Marcelo M. , Lam Eric , Buckeridge Marcos Silveira 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Duckweeds are fast-growing aquatic plants suitable for bioenergy due to fermentable-rich biomass with low lignin. The duckweed sub-families Lemnoideae and Wolffioideae are also distinguished by the distribution of two pectin classes (apiogalacturonan and xylogalacturonan), which seem to be related to their growing capacity and the starch content. The plant cell wall is built from pathways of nucleotide sugars syntheses that culminate in cell wall synthesis and deposition. Therefore, understanding these pathways through mapping the genes involved and their expression would be important to develop tools to improve bioenergy production. Here we used the available information of NDP-sugar metabolism to search for orthologous genes involved in the synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides in Spirodela polyrhiza . We detected 190 genes and mapped them onto the plant chromosomes . The genes were roughly arranged in groups according to their category: "Starch and sucrose metabolism," "Pectins," "Hemicelluloses," and "Cellulose." We followed the expression of thirty-eight of the orthologues’ transcripts – the higher expression being starch ( SBE ), pectin ( GAUT1, MUR, USP , and GER ), and mannan ( CSLA ) syntheses - corroborating the chemical composition of S. polyrhiza cell wall . We further investigated the carbohydrate metabolism pathways and discussed the implications of altering the NDP pathways for bioenergy and biorefinery. We conclude that S. polyrhiza displays suitable features for future genetic transformations leading to the adaptation of its cell wall for biofuels. However, such strategies will have to consider the trade-offs between fermentation and ethanol production benefits and the potential adverse effects of genetic transformation on plant growth and development.
Comparison of Different Procedures in a Combination of ab Interno Microhook Trabeculotomy and Cataract Surgery
Authors: Miura Yusaku , Fukuda Ken 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Purpose. To compare the clinical outcomes of ab interno microhook trabeculotomy (µLOT) before and after cataract surgery for the combination of µLOT and cataract surgery. Methods. This retrospective case series included 24 eyes that underwent µLOT combined with cataract surgery at Kochi University Hospital. Groups 1 and 2 included eyes that underwent µLOT before and after cataract surgery (12 eyes each), respectively. The patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were also analyzed.Results. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) in Groups 1 and 2 (25.3 ± 11.0 mmHg and 22.4 ± 10.5 mmHg) were reduced significantly to 14.5 ± 3.6 mmHg and 12.3 ± 3.0 mmHg, respectively, at 5–7 months postoperatively. The mean preoperative number of antiglaucoma medications in Groups 1 and 2 (4.3 ± 1.4 and 3.7 ± 1.5) had also decreased significantly to 2.7 ± 0.9 and 1.7 ± 1.6 at 5–7 months postoperatively. Postoperative hyphema with niveau formation was observed in five eyes in Group 2 (41.7%) but not in Group 1. Conclusion. For the combination of µLOT and cataract surgery, performing µLOT before cataract surgery may be less likely to result in postoperative hyphema with niveau.
Investigation of a novel nanothermite colloid based on CuO coated CNTs on the thermo-analytical characteristics of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane
Authors: elbeih ahmed 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nanothermite colloid is a promising field of research used to enhance the characteristics of energetic materials. In this study, pre-treated surfaces of multiwall-carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were catalysed to help the deposition of a metal and the coating process by copper (Cu) nanoscale layer through electroless deposition. The formed hybrids coated by Cu were treated at 250°C to form MWCNTs coated by CuO. Isopropyl alcohol was used to suspend the coated MWCNTs with aluminium nanoparticles (120 nm) in order to form nano thermite colloid by ultrasonic technique. The presence of CuO layer plays the role of an active oxidizer for the Aluminum nanoparticles. The obtained colloid was incorporated and dispersed in 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX). The influence of colloid on RDX decomposition kinetic was evaluated using the isoconversional methods (modified Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) methods). The mean value of apparent activation energy was reduced by 37.5 %. This dramatic change in RDX decomposition ascribed trait to the nano-thermite colloid reactivity and the facile integration of colloidal thermite particles with the RDX.
Modelling and forecasting reservoir sedimentation of irrigation dams in the Guinea Savannah Ecological Zone of Ghana
Authors: Adongo Thomas Apusiga , Abagale Felix K. , Agyare Wilson A. 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Effective management of reservoir sedimentation requires models that can predict sedimentation of the reservoirs. In this study, linear regression, non-linear exponential regression and artificial neural network models have been developed for the forecasting of annual storage capacity loss of reservoirs in the Guinea Savannah Ecological Zone (GSEZ) of Ghana. Annual rainfall, inflows, trap efficiency and reservoir age were input parameters for the models whilst the output parameter was the annual sediment volume in the reservoirs. Twenty (20) years of reservoirs data with 70% data used for model training and 30% used for validation. The ANN model, the feed-forward, back-propagation algorithm Multi-Layer Perceptron model structure which best captured the pattern in the annual sediment volumes retained in the reservoirs ranged from 4-6-1 at Karni to 4-12-1 at Tono. The linear and nonlinear exponential regression models revealed that annual sediment volume retention increased with all four (4) input parameters whilst the rate of sedimentation in the reservoirs is a decreasing function of time. All the three (3) models developed were noted to be efficient and suitable for forecasting annual sedimentation of the studied reservoirs with accuracies above 76%. Forecasted sedimentation up to year 2038 (2019–2038) using the developed models revealed the total storage capacities of the reservoirs to be lost ranged from 13.83 to 50.07%, with 50% of the small and medium reservoirs filled with sediment deposits if no sedimentation control measures are taken to curb the phenomenon.
Geophysical evaluation of geohydrokinetic properties of aquifer units in parts of Enugu state, Nigeria
Authors: Ibuot Johnson Cletus , Omeje Emmanuel Tochukwu , Obiora Daniel Nnemeka 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Vertical electrical sounding employing Schlumberger electrode configuration was carried out in thirty locations across some parts of Enugu state, to investigate the hydrokinetic properties of hydrogeologic units of the study area. The result shows that resistivity and thickness of aquifer ranges from 27.3 to 59,569.0 Ωm and 23.3 to 242.1 m respectively. Permeability and fractional porosity values range from 4,531.254 to 74,006.76 mD and 0.026 to 0.159. AQI having a mean value of 13.5451 μm range from 6.809 to 52.976 μm. FZI and HFU values range from 37.582 to 1,962.074 μm and 18 to 26 respectively. Contour maps were generated from the results to visualize the variations of the hydrokinetic properties across the study area. From the contour maps, the southern part of the study area was identified to be characterized with high AQI, FZI and HFU with the northwestern part and a small proportion along the southwestern part identified as areas with low AQI, FZI and HFU. HFU along the study area was observed to be fractionated into nine distinct properties (HFU 18, HFU 19, HFU 20, HFU 21, HFU 22, HFU 23, HFU 24, HFU 25, and HFU 26) with HFU 19 and HFU 20 dominating the area. The results from the nine hydraulic flow units based on flow zone indicator cut off values (Log FZI&gt;0.25) show that the reservoir quality is very high.
A new innovative method for model efficiency performance
Authors: Şen Zekâi , Şişman Eyüp , Kızılöz Burak 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In every aspect of scientific research, model predictions need calibration and validation as their representativity of the record measurement. In the literature, there are a myriad of formulations, empirical expressions, algorithms and software for model efficiency assessment. In general, model predictions are curve fitting procedures with a set of assumptions that are not cared for sensitively in many studies, but only a single value comparison between the measurements and predictions is taken into consideration, and then the researcher makes the decision as for the model efficiency. Among the classical statistical efficiency formulations, the most widely used ones are bias (BI), mean square error (MSE), correlation coefficient (CC) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) procedures, all of which are embedded within the visual inspection and numerical analysis (VINAM) square graph as measurements versus predictions scatter diagram. The VINAM provides a set of verbal interpretations and then numerical improvements embracing all the previous statistical efficiency formulations. The fundamental criterion in the VINAM is 1:1 (45°) main diagonal along which all visual, science philosophical, logical, rational and mathematical procedures boil down for model validation. The application of the VINAM approach is presented for artificial neural network (ANN) and adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model predictions.