bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Aromatherapy with Lavender Oil on the Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Fibromyalgia
Authors: Yasa Ozturk Gulsah , Bashan Ibrahim 
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lavender oil, which has been used in complementary medicine as an aromatherapeutic, on the health-related quality of life in patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia and to determine the main volatile compounds of lavender oil with healing effects. Forty-two patients aged 18 years and over who were diagnosed with fibromyalgia according to the American College of Rheumatology 2010 diagnostic criteria and used lavender oil as an aromatherapeutic by applying it on the wrist or via inhalation for four weeks were included in this study. The Short-Form (SF)-36 Quality of Life Scale was administered to the patients at baseline and after four weeks of lavender oil treatment to determine whether there was any change in their quality of life. The averages and correlation levels between the scores were calculated with the paired-sample t-test taking

p

< 0.05 as the statistical significance limit. In addition, the chromatographic analysis of lavender oil was performed with the combined headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. When the quality of life scores were evaluated at baseline and after four weeks of lavender oil treatment, improvements were detected in all the subscales of SF-36 at the end of the study. It was found that all the subscale scores, except for general health, were statistically significantly higher compared to the baseline scores (

p

< 0.05). The major volatile compounds detected in lavender oil were linalool (29.33%) and linalyl acetate (27.69%). The remaining main compounds were terpinolene, cis-ocimene, eucalyptol, and lavandulol in the order of frequency, which is consistent with the literature. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the effect of lavender oil aromatherapy on patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia, and our results support that lavender oil aromatherapy significantly improves the quality of life in these patients. However, further comprehensive studies are needed to confirm our findings.
A Critical Review of South Africa’s Foreign Policy in Promoting Continental Integration
Authors: Phetha Hlengiwe R. , Zondi Siphamandla 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Since 1994, South Africa has demonstrated a strong commitment to promote the interests of Africa and in being the “voice” of the continent. Through its foreign policy posture, South Africa has played a pivotal role in the African continent and the world over. After gaining its independence, South Africa had to promote a strategy of Africans speaking with one voice while still building coalitions amongst themselves. This paper examines South Africa’s approach to global issues on addressing the challenges of underdevelopment, the restructured global division of labour, the increasing iniquitous distribution of global wealth, global poverty, the growing power of trans-nationals and the implications for progressive governance and administration. The paper seeks to discuss South Africa’s foreign policy position on globalization in the era of neoliberalism. This paper uses the critical theory to report on the comprehensive scholarly literature review on the role of South Africa’s foreign policy on continental integration. The results show that South Africa needs to position itself in a new international economic paradigm that incorporates both democratic governance and an accountable and responsible market place beyond the anti-globalization stance. Furthermore, South Africa has attempted to cut the powers of colonizers in Africa, particularly the new powers whose motives fail to promote the African agenda. The paper concludes that South Africa’s policies and actions since 1994 have significantly helped the country to enhance its benefits for its population, while domestic challenges and weaknesses in its conduct have at times had a weakening effect on its endeavour to promote continental integration.
Trust, Trusting and Trustworthiness in Ethical Discourse
Authors: Eggen (نورة س. أگّين) Nora S. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In literary genres concerned with an ethics of character, scholars in the third through fifth/ninth through eleventh century wrote about social trust. In this article I examine the ethical thinking of four such scholars: Ibn Abī l-Dunyā (d. 281/894), al-Kharāʾiṭī (d. 327/939), al-Māwardī (d. 450/1058), and al-Ghazālī (d. 505/1111). Locating conceptualisations of the ethical concerns related to trust and mistrust, trustworthiness, trusting and misplaced trust, in a semantic field including the vocabulary of amāna, tawakkul, thiqa and ḥusn al-ẓann, I identify and discuss in this article some of these concerns, and I analyse in what ways the scholars’ respective conceptualisations of issues related to trust are similar, and how they differ from each other. While some scholars explicitly conceptualise the ethical value of trust in the concept of amāna, the juxtaposed social and spiritual aspects of the concept of amāna is more implicit with other scholars.
The Effect of Bottom – Generated Tidal Mixing on Tidally Pulsed River Plumes
Authors: Spicer Preston , Cole Kelly L. , Huguenard Kimberly , MacDonald Daniel G. , Whitney Michael M. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe mixing of river plumes into the coastal ocean influences the fate of river-borne tracers over the inner-shelf, though the relative importance of mixing mechanisms under different environmental conditions is not fully understood. In particular, the contribution to plume mixing from bottom generated shear stresses, referred to as tidal mixing, is rarely considered important relative to frontal and stratified shear (interfacial) mixing in surface advected plumes. The effect of different mixing mechanisms is investigated numerically on an idealized, tidally pulsed river plume with varying river discharge and tidal amplitudes. Frontal, interfacial, and tidal mixing are quantified via a mixing energy budget to compare the relative importance of each to the overall buoyancy flux over one tide. Results indicate that tidal mixing can dominate the energy budget when the tidal mixing power exceeds that of the input buoyancy flux. This occurs when the non-dimensional number, RiE (the estuarine Richardson number divided by the mouth Rossby number), is generally less than 1. Tidal mixing accounts for between 60% and 90% of the net mixing when RiE < 1, with the largest contributions during large tides and low discharge. Interfacial mixing varies from 10% to 90% of total mixing and dominates the budget for high discharge events with relatively weaker tides (RiE > 1). Frontal mixing is always less than 10% of total mixing and never dominates the budget. This work is the first to show tidal mixing as an important mixing mechanism in surface advected river plumes.
Comparative genomics and physiological investigation supported safety, cold adaptation, efficient hydrolytic and plant growth-promoting potential of psychrotrophic Glutamicibacter arilaitensis LJH19, isolated from night-soil compost
Authors: Borker Shruti Sinai , Thakur Aman , Kumar Sanjeet , Kumari Sareeka , Kumar Rakshak , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Night-soil compost (NSC) has traditionally been conserving water and a source of organic manure in northwestern Himalaya. Lately, this traditional method is declining due to modernization, its unhygienic conditions, and social apprehensions. Reduction in the age-old traditional practice has led to excessive chemical fertilizers and water shortage in the eco-sensitive region. In the current study, a bacterium has been analyzed for its safety, cold-adaptation, efficient degradation, and plant growth-promoting (PGP) attributes for its possible application as a safe bioinoculant in psychrotrophic bacterial consortia for improved night-soil composting.

Results
Glutamicibacter arilaitensis LJH19, a psychrotrophic bacterium, was isolated from the NSC of Lahaul valley in northwestern Himalaya. The strain exhibited amylase (186.76 ± 19.28 U/mg), cellulase (21.85 ± 0.7 U/mg), and xylanase (11.31 ± 0.51 U/mg) activities at 10 °C. Possessing efficient hydrolytic activities at low-temperature garners the capability of efficient composting to LJH19. Additionally, the strain possessed multiple PGP traits such as indole acetic acid production (166.11 ± 5.7 μg/ml), siderophore production (85.72 ± 1.06% psu), and phosphate solubilization (44.76 ± 1.5 μg/ml). Enhanced germination index and germination rate of pea seeds under the LJH19 inoculation further supported the bacterium’s PGP potential. Whole-genome sequencing (3,602,821 bps) and genome mining endorsed the cold adaptation, degradation of polysaccharides, and PGP traits of LJH19. Biosynthetic gene clusters for type III polyketide synthase (PKS), terpene, and siderophore supplemented the endorsement of LJH19 as a potential PGP bacterium. Comparative genomics within the genus revealed 217 unique genes specific to hydrolytic and PGP activity.

Conclusion
The physiological and genomic evidence promotes LJH19 as a potentially safe bio-inoculant to formulate psychrotrophic bacterial consortia for accelerated degradation and improved night-soil compost.
The impact of COVID-19 social distancing and isolation recommendations for Muslim communities in North West England
Authors: Hassan Shaima M. , Ring Adele , Tahir Naheed , Gabbay Mark 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Introduction
People from Minority Ethnic backgrounds living in the UK are at greater risk of not only contracting COVID-19, but also experiencing serious consequences of the virus. These emerging health inequalities mirror those already evident in UK society.

Aim
The aim of this study was to understand how COVID-19 and the associated imposed restrictions affected the lives of people from the Muslim community living in the North West of England.

Method
Twenty-five in-depth qualitative interviews and four focus groups (n = 22) explored individual experiences of COVID-19 and imposed restrictions. Data were analysed thematically.

Findings
The virus and associated imposed restrictions had negative impacts on the psychological wellbeing of participants, their families and the wider community. Worry and low mood were particular features of participant’s pandemic stories. Main concerns were those of contracting and transmitting the virus to others and employment-related difficulties. Low mood was particularly linked to the impact of restrictions on fundamental interactions embedded within cultural and religious practices. These practices are central to feelings of belonging and connectedness within the Muslim community. Religious beliefs were important in helping to mitigate psychological distress for some participants.

Conclusion
Psychological distress was associated with COVID-19 virus and impact of COVID-19 restrictions on livelihoods and fundamental human interactions. Better provision of culturally appropriate information, improving local channels of communication and practical support are important during times of pandemic when usual support systems may be disrupted.
Self-reported prevalence of periodontal disease among the Spanish population and immigrants: 2006, 2011/12 and 2017: a population-based study
Authors: Gómez-Costa Diego , San-Roman-Montero Jesús , Rojo Rosa , Gil Ángel , Gómez de Diego Rafael , López-Sánchez Antonio F. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Periodontal disease is one of the most common pathologies in the population. Self-reporting has been used as a diagnostic tool in large populations, among other reasons, to detect the needs of potentially vulnerable groups. This study evaluated the prevalence of periodontal disease in people of Spanish nationality and immigrants in Spain.

Methods
This population-based, cross-sectional study was carried out using data obtained from National Health Interview Surveys (NHSs) carried out in 2006, 2011/2012 and 2017 in Spain. Subjects aged 16 years and older were included in the NHS-2006 and aged 15 years and older were included in the other NHSs. The following variables were self-reported by the participants: gum bleeding, tooth mobility, tooth extraction and missing teeth. Chi-square homogeneity tests were performed to assess the main associations between the independent variable (nationality) and the dependent variables (bleeding gums, tooth mobility, tooth extraction and missing teeth). Multinomial logistic regression models were constructed to evaluate the influences of the variables age and sex and their interactions on the main associations.

Results
A total of 115,123 participants were included in the NHS-2006 (n = 37,327, 11.38% immigrants), NHS-2011/12 (n = 38,727, 14.39% immigrants) and NHS-2017 (n = 39,069, 13.71% immigrants). The variables directly related to periodontal disease were gum bleeding and tooth mobility. These were significantly associated with nationality in the NHS-2006 and NHS-2017 cohorts. In the NHS-2011/12 cohort, only tooth mobility was associated with nationality. After adjustments for sex, age, and their interactions, immigrant status was associated with increased odds of bleeding in only the NHS-2006 cohort (RR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.38–1.99, p = 0.000).

Conclusion
Immigrants in Spain have a lower probability of developing signs associated with periodontal disease than the Spanish population. Among the immigrant cohort, females and those in adult age groups had lower prevalence rates than their counterparts.
Prediction of successful de-cannulation of tracheostomised patients in medical intensive care units
Authors: Park Chul , Ko Ryoung-Eun , Jung Jinhee , Na Soo Jin , Jeon Kyeongman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Limited data are available on practical predictors of successful de-cannulation among the patients who undergo tracheostomies. We evaluated factors associated with failed de-cannulations to develop a prediction model that could be easily be used at the time of weaning from MV.

Methods
In a retrospective cohort of 346 tracheostomised patients managed by a standardized de-cannulation program, multivariable logistic regression analysis identified variables that were independently associated with failed de-cannulation. Based on the logistic regression analysis, the new predictive scoring system for successful de-cannulation, referred to as the DECAN score, was developed and then internally validated.

Results
The model included age > 67 years, body mass index < 22 kg/m2, underlying malignancy, non-respiratory causes of mechanical ventilation (MV), presence of neurologic disease, vasopressor requirement, and presence of post-tracheostomy pneumonia, presence of delirium. The DECAN score was associated with good calibration (goodness-of-fit, 0.6477) and discrimination outcomes (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.890, 95% CI 0.853–0.921). The optimal cut-off point for the DECAN score for the prediction of the successful de-cannulation was ≤ 5 points, and was associated with the specificities of 84.6% (95% CI 77.7–90.0) and sensitivities of 80.2% (95% CI 73.9–85.5).

Conclusions
The DECAN score for tracheostomised patients who are successfully weaned from prolonged MV can be computed at the time of weaning to assess the probability of de-cannulation based on readily available variables.
Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy or Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with COVID-19: a case report
Authors: Gagarkin Dmitriy A. , Dombrowski Keith E. , Thakar Keyur B. , DePetrillo John C. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. The disease, typically characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and profound elevation of inflammatory markers, can range in severity from mild or asymptomatic illness to a lethal cytokine storm and respiratory failure. A number of recognized complications of COVID-19 infection are described in the literature. Common neurological complications include headache and anosmia. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an uncommon complication described in isolated case reports. However, a causal relationship has yet to be established. This case report adds to the growing body of evidence that GBS is a potential COVID-19 complication.

Case presentation
A 70-year-old Caucasian woman with recently diagnosed COVID-19 infection presented to the emergency department with 4 days of gradually worsening ascending lower extremity weakness. Exam revealed bilateral lower extremity weakness, mute reflexes, and sensory loss. Soon after starting intravenous administration of immunoglobulin (IVIG), the patient developed respiratory distress, eventually requiring intubation. She remained intubated for the duration of her IVIG treatment. After five rounds of treatment, the patient was successfully extubated and transferred to acute rehab. Following 4 weeks of intense physical therapy, she was able to walk with assistance on room air.

Conclusion
At the present time, this is one of the few reports of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) or GBS associated with COVID-19 in the United States. It is unclear whether a causal relationship exists given the nature of the syndrome. However, in light of the growing number of reported cases, physicians should be aware of this possible complication when evaluating COVID-19 patients.
Is T2 mapping reliable in evaluation of native and repair cartilage tissue of the knee?
Authors: Banitalebi Hasan , Owesen Christian , Årøen Asbjørn , Tran Hang Thi , Myklebust Tor Åge , Randsborg Per-Henrik 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the effect of imaging plane and experience of observers on the reliability of T2 mapping of native and repair cartilage tissue of the knee.

Methods
Fifteen consecutive patients from two randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients with an isolated knee cartilage lesion were randomised to receive either debridement or microfracture (RCT 1) or debridement or autologous chondrocyte implantation (RCT 2). T2 mapping was performed in coronal and sagittal planes two years postoperatively. A musculoskeletal radiologist, a resident of radiology and two orthopaedic surgeons measured the T2 values independently. Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) with 95% Confidence Intervals was used to calculate the inter- and intraobserver agreement.

Results
Mean age for the patients was 36.8 ± 11 years, 8 (53%) were men. The overall interobserver agreement varied from poor to good with ICCs in the range of 0.27– 0.76 for native cartilage and 0.00 – 0.90 for repair tissue. The lowest agreement was achieved for evaluations of repair cartilage tissue. The estimated ICCs suggested higher inter- and intraobserver agreement for radiologists. On medial femoral condyles, T2 values were higher for native cartilage on coronal images (p < 0.001) and for repair tissue on sagittal images (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
The reliability of T2 mapping of articular cartilage is influenced by the imaging plane and the experience of the observers. This influence may be more profound for repair cartilage tissue. This is important to consider when using T2 mapping to measure outcomes after cartilage repair surgery.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02637505 and NCT02636881, registered December 2015.

Level of evidence
II, based on prospective data from two RCTs.
Preventing crash in stock market: The role of economic policy uncertainty during COVID-19
Authors: Dai Peng-Fei , Xiong Xiong , Liu Zhifeng , Huynh Toan Luu Duc , Sun Jianjun 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on the crash risk of US stock market during the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, we use the GARCH-S (GARCH with skewness) model to estimate daily skewness as a proxy for the stock market crash risk. The empirical results show the significantly negative correlation between EPU and stock market crash risk, indicating the aggravation of EPU increase the crash risk. Moreover, the negative correlation gets stronger after the global COVID-19 outbreak, which shows the crash risk of the US stock market will be more affected by EPU during the epidemic.
Primary breast angiosarcoma: a case report
Authors: Pang Fui Tin , Lee Sze Yuen , Kaur Maninderpal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Background
Angiosarcomas are rare and fast growing tumors that arise from vascular structures. This case report is significant because it is rare and may cause treatment delay if not considered as a differential diagnosis. Hence, we aim to inform efficient, appropriate, and evidence-based imaging practice to the benefit of patients regionally and worldwide.

Case presentation
Thirty-five-year-old lady, presented with a large left breast swelling. She had recent history of trauma to the breast which initially caused confusion regarding the possible diagnosis. Ultrasound and MRI raised high suspicion of an angiosarcoma. Patient went through embolectomy prior to mastectomy and axillary clearance. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of an angiosarcoma. She had no distant metastases at the time of diagnosis and the patient was treated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, she returned with recurrence within 1-year duration.

Conclusion
Primary breast angiosarcomas are rare aggressive vascular tumors with generally poor prognosis and no pathognomonic signs on radiological imaging, especially mammogram. Ultrasound and MRI do help in characterizing these tumors and raising the suspicion of a vascular tumor. Ultrasound-guided biopsy is recommended to avoid unnecessary complications. In young patients with rapidly growing, highly vascular breast tumors, a differential diagnosis of primary angiosarcomas should be considered until proven otherwise.
Impact of financing decisions ratios on firm accounting-based performance: evidence from Jordan listed companies
Authors: Kasasbeh Feras Izzat 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe impacts of financing decision ratios on a firm's accounting-based performance are essentially associated with particular data. For this purpose, firm size, firm age, and leverage are taken into account as control variables. The past studies have been reviewed to find gaps, which seemed to incorporate worn-out methods of research, and the inability of past researchers to inculcate firm accounting-based performance while measuring a firm's overall performance. So, data from 40 listed Jordan listed firms from the year 2007 have been collected, and 200 observations are made. The researcher also collected data from the website of the World Bank regarding these firms. It is employed by the generalized movement technique method to avoid heteroscedasticity, autocorrelation, and potential endogenous problems. The study results showed that the impacts of total debt to total assets and short-term debt to total assets are significant and negative on return on assets and return on equity. However, the impacts of long-term debt to total assets are significant and flattering on both return on assets and return on equity. The research has implications for the higher authorities and management to enhance the quality of their financial structure. In contrast, that research has some limitations because of employing a small number of factors to study the impacts of financing decision ratios.