bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a Narrative-Centered Curriculum for Nurse Practitioners
Authors: Swenson Melinda M , Sims Sharon L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper discusses various alternative and nontraditional teaching strategies currently used in nurse practitioner curricula. These instructional strategies include case-study analysis (Ryan-Wenger & Lee, 1997) and problem-based learning/practice-based learning (Barrows, 1994). We suggest a further evolution, using principles and practices of a narrative pedagogy (Diekelmann, 1995) to allow convergence of these several narratively-focused inductive and interpretive approaches. This combination of ways of learning has led us toward a narrative-centered curriculum for family nurse practitioners (FNPs). Specific ways to use narrative in the FNP curriculum are presented to demonstrate how to take the curriculum beyond traditional ways of teaching and learning.
"Education is the reconstruction of experience" (Dewey, 1929, 1971).
An Integrative Review Illuminates Curricular Applications of Primary Health Care
Authors: MacIntosh Judith , McCormack Dianne 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The International Council of Nurses supported primary health care and advocated its acceptance by other intersectorial stakeholders. Nurse educators involved in curriculum development have respected this direction. To pursue the primary health care vision and influence the adoption of primary health care delivery systems, all principles of primary health care must be implemented simultaneously. An integrative review was conducted to ascertain the interpretation of primary health care held by nurse authors. A content analysis of the nursing literature revealed that 184 of the 254 articles retrieved (72%), applied primary health care in a manner that is consistent with the World Health Organization (WHO) definition. Through curricular applications of different interpretations of the primary health care principles, differences in the created learning environment are discussed.
The Declaration of Alma Ata, evolving from beliefs and values shared by 134 member nations present at the Assembly, delineated that primary health care was the accepted infrastructure to guide policies that direct health care delivery systems regardless of the context in the country (WHO, 1978). Even with this overwhelming endorsement, very few countries have made changes in policies and infrastructure for implementing the underlying values and beliefs ascribed in primary health care. Changes that have occurred have not been organized around the vision or the principles of primary health care. This delay has had, and will continue to have, a huge impact on nursing education, practice, and research. Nurses are interested in helping people attain, maintain, or regain health; primary health care has the potential to achieve health for all citizens of the world.
Comparison of Student Outcomes and Preferences in a Traditional vs. World Wide Web-Based Baccalaureate Nursing Research Course
Authors: Leasure A Renee , Davis Lisa , Thievon Susan L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this project was to compare student outcomes in an undergraduate research course taught using both World Wide Web-based distance learning technology and traditional pedagogy. Reasons given for enrolling in the traditional classroom section included the perception of increased opportunity for interaction, decreased opportunity to procrastinate, immediate feedback, and more meaningful learning activities. Reasons for selecting the Web group section included cost, convenience, and flexibility. Overall, there was no significant difference in examination scores between the two groups on the three multiple-choice examinations or for the course grades (t = -.96, P = .343). Students who reported that they were self-directed and had the ability to maintain their own pace and avoid procrastination were most suited to Web-based courses. The Web-based classes can help provide opportunities for methods of communication that are not traditionally nurtured in traditional classroom settings. Secondary benefits of the World Wide Webbased course were to increase student confidence with the computer, and introduce them to skills and opportunities they would not have had in the classroom. Additionally, over time and with practice, student's writing skills improved.
Language as Constitutive: Critical Thinking for Multicultural Education and Practice in the 21st Century
Authors: Phillips Debby A 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Postmodern understandings of language can function as revolutionary critical thinking tools and enable multicultural education in a way yet to be resolutely embraced by the discipline. This thesis is illustrated with critical thinking examples relevant to topics in nursing education, such as maternal infant attachment, HIV prevention education, standardized instruments measuring quality of life and self-esteem, domain of person, and adolescent male identity formation. Working through postmodern positions on language produces important questions. It offers nursing provocative ways of thinking about education and provides radically different approaches to critical thinking and cultural competence. Capitalizing on postmodern sensibilities about language to create multicultural education and practice will take persistent selfreflective educational practices that question the ground that nursing stands on, as well as good intentions regarding a deep and broad embrace of complexly understood cultural competence.
Primary Health Care Theory to Practice: Experience of First-Year Nursing Students in Hong Kong
Authors: Simpson Peggy , Chan Mun Che , Cheung Lai Yin , Hui Tze Shau , Li Ka Ying , Tang Hiu Tung , Tong Hoi Ning , Wong Sik Kwan , Wong Po Ming 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
In the past, nursing education in Hong Kong has focused on acute illness care, and institutions providing nursing education have been slow to modify the illnessfocused curriculum to a health-based curriculum. The nursing curriculum at the University of Hong Kong is unique in that it focuses on primary health care, and these concepts are introduced in both theory and practice in the first year of the baccalaureate program. In the second semester of the first year, students are required to develop and implement a primary health care project in a community setting. This article outlines the process and outcomes of the experience of 8 first-year nursing students who developed and implemented a primary health care project with older adults in a Hong Kong community. The Generalized Model for Program Development (McKenzie & Smeltzer) was used to guide the students in their practicum activities. The students demonstrated a high degree of competency in relation to health assessment skills; analysis of individual and community needs; development of appropriate health promotion sessions in relation to coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, and arthritis; and evaluation strategies to demonstrate effectiveness of the intervention. This experience early in the program provided a strong foundation for the students in primary heath care and grounded their nursing practice in scientific-based evidence.
Read All About It: Writing Health Articles for the Student Newspaper
Authors: Tierney Roberta 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The thrust of health care is prevention. Individuals are encouraged to become better informed about health issues and to assume more responsibility for their own health. Health has become a popular topic in the press, on radio and television, and on the Internet.
Like other health care professionals, nurses are placing increased emphasis on health promotion and consumer education. Expanding the nurse educator role means oral and written communication skills are assuming greater importance, and nursing students need the opportunity to continuously develop these skills as part of their educational experience. Writing for the student newspaper gives students the opportunity to broaden and improve their writing skills and to share their expertise while promoting health.
Use of Videotaping to Assess Competencies and Course Outcomes
Authors: Winters Janice , Hauck Barbara , Riggs C Jo , Clawson Julie , Collins John 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A constant challenge in nursing education is effectively teaching competencies and allowing students to safely practice essential nursing skills. Faculty members must develop sound methods of instruction to achieve program outcomes, which determine program effectiveness, assure professional readiness, and meet accreditation standards. Ib this end, the use of videotaping is suggested. Videotaping oners a safe way for students to practice skills and develop confidence prior to actual performance. This article reviews the literature on videotaping and discusses videotaping as used at Central Missouri State University baccalaureate school of nursing. Videotaping is a teaching-learning strategy used to help students develop effective communication, physical assessment, and selected psychomotor skills. Videotaping also provides students with a mechanism for detailed instructor feedback to improve performance.
Establishing Consensus About the Baccalaureate Entry-to-Practice Policy
Authors: Rhéaume Ann 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This article is based on the results of a qualitative study examining educational reforms in New Brunswick, Canada, during the 1980s. Using the province of New Brunswick as a case study, three issues related to the baccalaureate entry-to-practice policy are examined. First, the process of upgrading nursing education to a baccalaureate degree and the conflict this change created between the Nurses Association of New Brunswick and the New Brunswick Nursing Union are described. Second, the reasons leaders of the professional nursing organization desired to upgrade nursing education are examined, and third, the issues underlying the conflict over nursing education are discussed
Torsion and Elevation Under General Anesthesia and During Voluntary Eyelid Closure (Bell Phenomenon)
Authors: Paez Juan H , Isenberg Sherwin , Apt Leonard 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The amount and interrelationship of ocular torsion and elevation was measured in 30 patients under general anesthesia; half received muscle relaxants (pancuronium bromide) during induction and half did not. Similar measurements were made in 20 patients during voluntary eyelid closure (Bell phenomenon).
The mean amount of excycloduction was between 2.0° and 2.5° when the patients were under general anesthesia, whether or not muscle relaxants were used, and during voluntary eyelid closure. No statistically significant difference in the amount of torsion was found among the three groups. Elevation was significantly greater during voluntary eyelid closure (mean 5.3 mm) than during general anesthesia (p < 0.01). No statistically significant difference in ocular elevation was found in patients under general anesthesia whether they were given a muscle relaxant (mean 1.5 mm) or not (mean 1.2 mm).
Surgical Treatment of Compensatory Head Position in Congenital Nystagmus
Authors: Scott William E , Kraft Stephen P 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Records of 32 patients with congenital nystagmus who underwent surgery for a significant head turn were reviewed to assess the effectiveness of current surgical approaches.
Eighteen patients (Group I) had single binocular vision and had bilateral recess/resect procedures either according to Parks' 5-6-7-8 scheme (nine patients) or "augmented" from 10% to 40% for large head turns (nine patients). Fourteen (78%) had a reduction of the turn to 15 degrees or less, six (33%) being 5 degrees or less. One was overcorrected.
Fourteen patients had a heterotropia in addition to head turn. Seven (Group II) had bilateral surgery to attempt to correct the head turn and reduce the tropia to less than 10 prism diopters. In three cases (43%) there was both successful treatment of the tropia and reduction of the turn to 15 degrees or less. The tropia was successfully treated in six patients (86%).
In seven patients (Group III) monocular recess/resect surgery was done to attempt to correct both abnormalities. In four (57%) the turn was reduced to 15 degrees or less with successful treatment of the tropia at the same time. Five (71%) had a tropia of less than or equal to 10 diopters postoperatively.
Overall, the head turns were reduced to 15 degrees or less in 23 (72%) of the 32 patients including 11 (35%) with 5 degrees or less residual turn. Three (9%) were overcorrected at least 10 degrees.
The frequency of undercorrections indicates that larger amounts of surgery have to be done, especially for large turns, although ductions will be limited in some gaze positions, at times significantly, to achieve this goal.
Coats' Disease: A Study of 62 Histologically Confirmed Cases
Authors: Chang Meimei , McLean Ian W , Merritt John C 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
We studied 62 eyes submitted to the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP) from 1958 through 1980 that satisfied our criteria for the histologie diagnosis of Coats' disease. Our histopathologic definition of Coats'disease was the presence of a primary vascular lesion consisting of retinal telangiectasia with leakage of plasma toform intraretinal and subretinal exuda t es. In the cases we reviewed, Coats' disease occurred more frequently in boys, it usually affectedonly one eye, and wasgenerally detected in the first decade of life. In 52 cases (79%) theclinical manifestations, strabismus and leukokoria, were thought to be caused by retinoblastoma. Angle closure glaucoma was present in 36 cases (58%). In all but one of the cases studied, the lesion waslocated peripheral to theequator. We further identified diffuse involvement of capillaries in the peripheral retina using trypsin-digest preparations. Associated histologie findings included: rubeosis iridis, cataract, vitreous neovascular ization, and nodules resulting from fibrous metaplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium. These fibrous nodules typically occurred in the macular area and occasionally contained calcium or bone.
Ocular Torsional Movements in Humans With Normal and Abnormal Ocular Motility - Part I: Objective Measurements
Authors: Kushner Burton J , Kraft Stephen E , Vrabec Michael 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Using a corneal marker and cinematography, we analyzed ocular torsionalmovementsduringforced head tilt in three patients with superior oblique palsy before and after i pallate r al inferior oblique recession and compared them to those of normal subjects. As the head is tilted in normal subjects, the eye lags behind the head in a slow rolling movement. Periodic rapid wheel-like movements occur in the direction of head tilt which do not completely allow the eye to catch up with the head. This results in a partial compensatory intorsion on ipsilateral head tilt and extorsion on contraiateral head tilt. In patients with superior oblique palsy, the rapid extorsional movement on ipsilateral head tilt is greater and faster than in the normal, but becomes slowerafter inferior oblique recession, indicating it comes from the o ver act ing inferió r oblique. The rapid into raion al move ment seen during contralateral head tilt is absent in patients with superior oblique palsy, but appears in a diminished form after inferior oblique recession.
Anterior Segment Ischemia Following Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Simon John W , Price Elaine C , Krohel Gregory B , Poulin Robert W , Reinecke Robert D 
Published: April 2021

SUMMARY
Anterior segment ischemia (ASI) is a potentially blinding complication of extensive eye muscle surgery. Eyes have been described with this complication following surgery on as few as two rectus muscles, especially in patients with thyroid dysfunction or other medical illnesses. In an attempt to assess the risk of ASI, we have reviewed the records of 34 eyes in 26 patients who underwent surgery on three or four rectus muscles. Seven eyes of six patients with thyroid ophthalmopathy which underwent two- or threemuscle surgery were also studied. Evidence of clinically significant ASI was apparent in only one patient during a follow-up period of seven months to eleven years. This case was mild and no visual toss resulted. Our findings suggest that surgery on three or four rectus muscles in healthy patients is probably safe when performed in a staged fashion.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Inferior Oblique Palsy
Authors: Pollard Zane E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We present the work-up and treatment for 25 patients with inferior oblique palsy, including 2 with bilateral inferior oblique palsy and 23 with unilateral inferior oblique palsy.
Nineteen patients were adults over the age of 21 years, and six were children under the age of 10 years. Sixteen adults and two children underwent CT scanning of the head. All scans were normal. Eight adults also underwent MRI evaluation of the head. These also were all normal. All adults had a negative Tensilon test for myasthenia gravis.
The majority presented with a head tilt to the side of the paretic muscle. None of these patients complained of tilting images, but incyclotorsion was measurable in all cases that were tested.
The most important conclusion from this study is that inferior oblique palsy is a benign entity, with none of these patients having a brain tumor or myasthenia gravis.
Medial Rectus Electromyographic Abnormalities in Duane Syndrome
Authors: Saad Nick , Lee John 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We report on four patients from the botulinum toxin clinic at Moorfields Eye Hospital with Duane syndrome, who exhibited paradoxical medial rectus activity. EMGs were performed with a standard toxin needle and were qualitative in nature.
Current physiodynamic theories as to the etiology of Duane syndrome are based on an aberrant innervation of the lateral rectus.
Paradoxical electromyographic activity of the medial rectus may occur in Duane type I syndrome. A possible explanation for this finding is that the medial rectus may receive aberrant innervation but this may not be physiodynamically significant.
We postulate that peripheral innervational anomalies may be secondary to, or coexist with, a brain stem anomaly. If an extraocular muscle possesses a dual innervation, then electromyographic abnormalities, without physiodynamic significance, may occur if the recording electrode comes into contact with muscle fibers innervated by a nerve that supplies a small segment of muscle.
Cyclic Strabismus Without Binocular Function
Authors: Riordan-Eva Paul , Vickers Sarah F , McCarry Bernadette , Lee John P 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Various forms of cyclic strabismus have been described. A cyclic variation in binocular function modifying a tendency to strabismus is said to be the underlying mechanism.
Cyclic esotropia developed in two adult patients, one having no demonstrable binocular function and the other having suffered complete unilateral visual loss in the affected eye. In each case, on the "good days" there was still a manifest esotropia, in contrast to those patients with cyclic esotropia and good binocular function in which the eyes are straight on the "good days."
The presence of binocular function is not required for the development of cyclic strabismus, although the level of binocular function is correlated with the ocular alignment on the "good days."
Posterior Lenticonus: Clinical Patterns and Genetics
Authors: Gibbs Martin L , Jacobs Mark , Wilkie Andrew O M , Taylor David 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Posterior lenticonus is an uncommon abnormality in the shape of the crystalline lens, characterized by a spheroidal or conical protuberance affecting the posterior lens surface. It may be unilateral or bilateral.
A male infant with bilateral posterior lenticonus is described, whose mother was found to have bilateral sutural cataracts. The association of cataracts with posterior lenticonus and the genetics of the condition are discussed.
Ocular and Systemic Characteristics of Duane Syndrome
Authors: Shauly Yaacov , Weissman Abraham , Meyer E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The clinical features of 63 patients with Duane syndrome are described in this report. All data in the study were gathered retrospectively except for measurements of vertical palpebral fissure and axial eye length, which were investigated prospectively. The following new aspects of the syndrome are emphasized: 1) In most cases with heterotropia, the angle of deviation was not large (≤25 prism diopters). 2) Visual acuity of 0.66 (20/30) or better was recorded in 94% of the affected eyes. 3) Smaller palpebral fissure by 1 mm or more) of the affected eye was measured in primary position among 9 of 40 (22%) unilateral cases. 4) The axial length of the affected eye (mean, 22.8 ± 0.6 mm) was not significantly different from the uninvolved eye. 5) Two cases of heterochromia iridis (3.2%) were found among the Duane syndrome patients. 6) A 4.8% prevalence of high-tone hearing loss was detected, in addition to 4.8% of sensorineural deafness.
Primary Iris Stromal Cysts
Authors: Brooks Steven E , Baerveldt George , Rao Narsing A , Smith Ronald E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The clinical and histopathologic features of four cases of primary iris stromal cysts are reported. Though the histologic characteristics of iris stromal cysts have been well described by previous authors, their exact embryologic origin is not clear. Also, because of the relatively uncommon nature of these lesions, the most appropriate management is not well defined. In our series, routine histopathologic studies were supplemented with immunohistochemical stains for cytokeratins and S100 proteins, results of which suggested an origin from surface ectoderm. All of our patients required surgical management, although spontaneous involution of a temporary nature was observed in one case, and recurrences following incomplete removal were common.
Serum Antiocular Antibodies in Patients With Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Bloom Jeffrey N , Ni Ming , Moore Terry L , Osborn Thomas G , Hageman Gregory S 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Although the uveitis associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is presumed to have an autoimmune etiology, its pathogenesis is unknown. We utilized immunohistochemical techniques to detect the presence of serum antibodies directed against ocular tissues in these patients.
The staining patterns of serum from patients with JRA, with and without uveitis, were compared with normal controls. Antibodies directed against epitopes in iris and ciliary body basement membranes, lens epithelium and fibers, Bruch's membrane, and iris and retinal blood vessels were observed in the sera of several individuals. These staining patterns were statistically more frequent among the pauc iarticular and polyarticular JRA patients, with and without uveitis, than either the systemic JRA or normal populations.
These results demonstrate the presence of antiocular antibodies in the sera of JRA patients, with and without uveitis. Whether those nonuveitic JRA patients with antiocular antibodies will develop uveitis is unknown at this time.
A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Horizontal Rectus Muscle Palsies
Authors: Bloom Jeffrey N , Cadera Werner , Heiberg Elisabeth , Karlik Stephen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
The assessment of extraocular muscle function is usually performed indirectly by an examination of ocular motility. We have utilized magnetic resonance imaging, in both cine and static modes, to directly observe the contractility behavior of the extraocular muscles. This noninvasive technique was applied to the study of patients with horizontal rectus muscle palsies. In all cases, the palsied muscle was of a smaller diameter than its normal counterpart. This size differential was noted in all fields of gaze. Additional studies are required to determine the relative contributions of denervation atrophy and loss of tonus to this diminution of muscle size.