bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective electrochemical oxidative coupling of methane mediated by Sr2Fe1.5Mo0.5O6-δ and its chemical stability
Authors: Ramaiyan Kannan P. , Denoyer Luke H. , Benavidez Angelica , Garzon Fernando H. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractEfficient conversion of methane to value-added products such as olefins and aromatics has been in pursuit for the past few decades. The demand has increased further due to the recent discoveries of shale gas reserves. Oxidative and non-oxidative coupling of methane (OCM and NOCM) have been actively researched, although catalysts with commercially viable conversion rates are not yet available. Recently, $${{{{{{{\mathrm{Sr}}}}}}}}_2Fe_{1.5 + 0.075}Mo_{0.5}O_{6 - \delta }$$

Sr

2

F

e

1.5
+
0.075

M

o

0.5

O

6
−
δ

(SFMO-075Fe) has been reported to activate methane in an electrochemical OCM (EC-OCM) set up with a C2 selectivity of 82.2%1. However, alkaline earth metal-based materials are known to suffer chemical instability in carbon-rich environments. Hence, here we evaluated the chemical stability of SFMO in carbon-rich conditions with varying oxygen concentrations at temperatures relevant for EC-OCM. SFMO-075Fe showed good methane activation properties especially at low overpotentials but suffered poor chemical stability as observed via thermogravimetric, powder XRD, and XPS measurements where SrCO3 was observed to be a major decomposition product along with SrMoO3 and MoC. Nevertheless, our study demonstrates that electrochemical methods could be used to selectively activate methane towards partial oxidation products such as ethylene at low overpotentials while higher applied biases result in the complete oxidation of methane to carbon dioxide and water.
Towards altering sound frequency at will by a linear meta-layer with time-varying and quantized properties
Authors: Zhang Yumin , Wu Keming , Wang Chunqi , Huang Lixi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractWave frequency is a critical parameter for applications ranging from human hearing, acoustic non-reciprocity, medical imaging to quantum of energy in matter. Frequency alteration holds the promise of breaking limits imposed by the physics laws such as Rayleigh’s criterion and Planck–Einstein relation. We introduce a linear mechanism to convert the wave frequency to any value at will by creating a digitally pre-defined, time-varying material property. The device is based on an electromagnetic diaphragm with a MOSFET-controlled shunt circuit. The measured ratio of acoustic impedance modulation is up to 45, much higher than nonlinearity-based techniques. A significant portion of the incoming source frequency is scattered to sidebands. We demonstrate the conversion of audible sounds to infrasound and ultrasound, respectively, and a monochromatic tone to white noise by a randomized MOSFET time sequence, raising the prospect of applications such as super-resolution imaging, deep sub-wavelength energy flow control, and encrypted underwater communication.
Global urban growth between 1870 and 2100 from integrated high resolution mapped data and urban dynamic modeling
Authors: Li Xuecao , Zhou Yuyu , Hejazi Mohamad , Wise Marshall , Vernon Chris , Iyer Gokul , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLong term, global records of urban extent can help evaluate environmental impacts of anthropogenic activities. Remotely sensed observations can provide insights into historical urban dynamics, but only during the satellite era. Here, we develop a 1 km resolution global dataset of annual urban dynamics between 1870 and 2100 using an urban cellular automata model trained on satellite observations of urban extent between 1992 and 2013. Hindcast (1870–1990) and projected (2020–2100) urban dynamics under the five Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) were modeled. We find that global urban growth under SSP5, the fossil-fuelled development scenario, was largest with a greater than 40-fold increase in urban extent since 1870. The high resolution dataset captures grid level urban sprawl over 200 years, which can provide insights into the urbanization life cycle of cities and help assess long-term environmental impacts of urbanization and human–environment interactions at a global scale.
Shared Interactive Book Reading Interventions for Young Children With Disabilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Towson Jacqueline A. , Akemoglu Yusuf , Watkins Laci , Zeng Songtian 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
Shared interactive book reading (SIBR) is an evidence-based practice for young children who are typically developing and those with developmental disabilities or considered at risk for developmental delays. The purpose of this review was to provide a comprehensive examination of the evidence of using SIBR to facilitate growth in language skills for young children with developmental disabilities and/or delays. Specifically, authors examined the descriptive characteristics, study rigor, and effect sizes for language and literacy outcomes.

Method

We extracted data from studies meeting specified criteria (
n
= 23) published in peer-reviewed journals on a wide range of variables, including participant characteristics, setting, training/coaching, defined independent and dependent variables, study rigor, and overall outcomes. Descriptive and study rigor data were aggregated using descriptive statistics. Effect-size estimates were calculated for all child outcomes related to language.

Results
Descriptive data were variable across studies. Three single-case experimental design and three group design studies met design standards without reservations. Single-case experimental design studies overall showed positive effects on child language and communication. Within group design studies, expressive language outcomes showed the largest effect sizes.

Conclusion
A review of SIBR studies indicates this as a viable intervention to positively impact the language skills of young children with developmental disabilities and/or delays.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16674355
Measurement of Social Engagement of Nursing Home Residents During an Exercise Program
Authors: Neils-Strunjas Jean , Crandall K. Jason , Weiler Brian , Gabbard Annika , Wood Caroline , Ding Xiuhua 
Published: September 2021

Purpose
The purpose of this article was to describe the validity and reliability of the Fun and Social Engagement Evaluation (FUSE) developed to evaluate and measure social engagement displayed by nursing home residents during Bingocize. The FUSE combines health care worker observation and a resident self-report measure to produce a score that represents a resident's total engagement.

Method
To describe validity, trained health care workers who implement Bingocize were surveyed about the items on the FUSE. Visual inspection of bar graphs of responses to survey questions were used to determine content validity.
To assess reliability of the FUSE, nursing home residents were evaluated by trained research assistants. Test–retest reliability of the participant scores 1 week apart was determined with the bivariate correlation (Pearson product–moment correlation coefficient).

Results

For validity, the majority of survey respondents indicated that the behaviors were representative of nursing home residents during Bingocize. For reliability, there was moderate–strong test–retest reliability over 1 week (
r
= .60). Interrater reliability between two raters observing eight participants across two sessions was significant, κ = .68 (95% CI [.504,.848]),
p
< .0001.

Conclusion
Results offer evidence that the FUSE is a valid and reliable method for determining social engagement during Bingocize.
On‐line dead‐time compensation method for dual three phase PMSM based on adaptive notch filter
Authors: Geng Yiwen , Han Peng , Chen Xiang , Chen Ruicheng , Le Zitao , Lai Zou 
Published: September 2021

AbstractFor the dual three‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(dual‐PMSM), the deadtime can introduce fifth and seventh current harmonics, and they are only constrained by the small stator leakage impedance, which means even if there are only small fifth and seventh voltage harmonics, the resulting fifth and seventh current harmonics will be very large. The harmonic current will make an increment of the system loss, thus lead to an reduce of the efficiency of the speed control system. This paper proposes a harmonic current suppression strategy for dual‐PMSM based on least mean square (LMS) adaptive notch filter. This strategy suppresses the fifth and seventh harmonic currents by introducing four LMS adaptive notch filters in the subspace. The proposed algorithm has good dynamic performance and is insensitive to motor parameters that are offset within a certain range. The effectiveness of proposed method is verified by a set of comparative simulations and experiments.
Gas-phase formation of interstellar nucleobases from dehydrogenated formamide and vinyl cyanide
Authors: Lu Shiru , Meng Zhisen , Xie Peng , Liang Enwei , Wang Zhao 
Published: September 2021

Context. Cytosine, thymine, and uracil are three of the five primary nucleobases that function as the fundamental units of the genetic code in nucleic acids. In searching the extraterrestrial origins of microscopic life, previous studies have reported formation routes of nucleobases in interstellar ice analogs. The present work explores the possibility that nucleobases could form from small molecules through gas-phase reactions in the interstellar medium (ISM).
Aims. We aim to search energetically favorable synthetic routes toward the formation of cytosine, thymine, and uracil via gas-phase reactions, using first principles calculations. Based on the computation of a reaction energy barrier and reactant formation energy, we tried to identify the specific interstellar environments favorable to the formation of the nucleobases, with respect to the previously reported detection of relevant reactants in the ISM.
Methods. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to investigate the chemical reaction pathways using the M06 functional with 6-31+G(d,p)/6-311++G(d,p) basis sets. An ab initio Møller-Plesset perturbation theory in the second order (MP2) was also used to corroborate the results.
Results. We report synthetic routes toward the formation of cytosine, thymine, and uracil through gas-phase reactions between partially dehydrogenated formamide (H2NCHO) and vinyl cyanide (H2CCHCN). The most energetically favorable pathway to the formation of 1H-pyrimidin-2-one (C4H4N2O), a direct precursor of nucleobases, was found in a molecule-radical reaction between HNCHO and H2CCHCN, with an energy barrier of 19.3 kcal mol−1. The energy barriers for the optimal reaction pathways between C4H4N2O and amino, methyl, or hydroxyl to finally produce cytosine, thymine, or uracil are about 11.3, 18.6, or 19.9 kcal mol−1, respectively.
Conclusions. The optimal energy barriers of 19.3 and 23.8 kcal mol−1 roughly correspond to a reaction rate coefficient of 10−11 cm3 s−1 at 180 and 220 K, respectively. This indicates that the reaction could be thermally feasible through a gas-phase reaction in hot molecular cores or in the inner part of the protoplanetary disks. In contrast, the energy barriers for the reactions between other dehydrogenated radicals and molecules are relatively high, which corresponds to the extinction energy of far-ultraviolet photons in photo-dissociation regions. Furthermore, the computed pathways suggest that prior H migration in the reactants could be the key rate-determining process for the synthesis of the primary nucleobases.
The Sun at millimeter wavelengths
Authors: Eklund Henrik , Wedemeyer Sven , Szydlarski Mikołaj , Jafarzadeh Shahin 
Published: September 2021

Context. Interferometric observations of the Sun with the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) provide valuable diagnostic tools for studying the small-scale dynamics of the solar atmosphere.
Aims. The aims are to perform estimations of the observability of the small-scale dynamics as a function of spatial resolution for regions with different characteristic magnetic field topology facilitate a more robust analysis of ALMA observations of the Sun.
Methods. A three-dimensional model of the solar atmosphere from the radiation-magnetohydrodynamic code Bifrost was used to produce high-cadence observables at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. The synthetic observables for receiver bands 3–10 were degraded to the angular resolution corresponding to ALMA observations with different configurations of the interferometric array from the most compact, C1, to the more extended, C7. The observability of the small-scale dynamics was analyzed in each case. The analysis was thus also performed for receiver bands and resolutions that are not commissioned so far for solar observations as a means for predicting the potential of future capabilities.
Results. The minimum resolution required to study the typical small spatial scales in the solar chromosphere depends on the characteristic properties of the target region. Here, a range from quiet Sun to enhanced network loops is considered. Limited spatial resolution affects the observable signatures of dynamic small-scale brightening events in the form of reduced brightness temperature amplitudes, potentially leaving them undetectable, and even shifts in the times at which the peaks occur of up to tens of seconds. Conversion factors between the observable brightness amplitude and the original amplitude in the fully resolved simulation are provided that can be applied to observational data in principle, but are subject to wavelength-dependent uncertainties. Predictions of the typical appearance at the different combinations of receiver band, array configuration, and properties of the target region are conducted.
Conclusions. The simulation results demonstrate the high scientific potential that ALMA already has with the currently offered capabilities for solar observations. For the study of small-scale dynamic events, however, the spatial resolution is still crucial, and wide array configurations are preferable. In any case, it is essential to take the effects due to limited spatial resolution into account in the analysis of observational data. Finally, the further development of observing capabilities including wider array configurations and advanced imaging procedures yields a high potential for future ALMA observations of the Sun.
Towards a systematic treatment of observational uncertainties in forward asteroseismic modelling of gravity-mode pulsators
Authors: Bowman Dominic M. , Michielsen Mathias 
Published: September 2021

Context.In asteroseismology, the pulsation mode frequencies of a star are the fundamental data that are compared to theoretical predictions to determine a star’s interior physics. Recent significant advances in the numerical, theoretical, and statistical asteroseismic methods applied to main-sequence stars with convective cores have renewed interest in investigating the propagation of observational uncertainties within a forward asteroseismic modelling framework.Aims.We aim to quantify the impact of various choices made throughout the observational aspects of extracting pulsation mode frequencies in main-sequence stars with gravity modes.Methods.We use a well-studied benchmark slowly pulsating B star, KIC 7760680, to investigate the sensitivity of forward asteroseismic modelling to various sources of observational uncertainty that affect the precision of the input pulsation mode frequencies.Results.We quantify the impact of the propagation of the observational uncertainties involved in forward asteroseismic modelling. We find that one of the largest sources of uncertainty in our benchmark star is in the manual building of period spacing patterns, such that the inclusion of a potentially ambiguous pulsation mode frequency may yield differences in model parameters of up to 10% for mass and age depending on the radial order of the mode.Conclusions.We conclude that future asteroseismic studies of main-sequence stars with a convective core should quantify and include observational uncertainties introduced by the light curve extraction, iterative pre-whitening, and the building of period spacing patterns, as these propagate into the final modelling results.
Konzeption von Frequently Asked Questions zum Umgang mit
multiresistenten Erregern an der Schnittstelle von Veterinär- und
Humanmedizin
Authors: Landesberger Valeria , Kutzora Susanne , Fritzemeier Jörg , Hörmansdorfer Stefan , Köck Robin , Teichert Ute , Kandler Ulla , Wischnewski Nicoletta , Herr CarolineEvaWella , Heinze Stefanie 
Published: September 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Ziel der Arbeit ist die systematische und evidenzbasierte Generierung
und Beantwortung von Frequently asked questions (FAQs) zum Umgang mit
multiresistenten Erregern (MRE) an der Schnittstelle von Veterinär-und
Humanmedizin für den öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienst
(ÖGD) sowie für die Allgemeinbevölkerung.
Methodik Zur Ermittlung des Informationsbedürfnisses der
Bevölkerung wurden zu fünf Erhebungszeitpunkten
leitfadengestützte Experteninterviews mit Veterinär-und
Humanmedizinern durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurden in zwei
Fachzeitschriften über das Projekt informiert sowie Mediziner dazu
aufgerufen offene Fragen aus dem Arbeitsalltag zum Umgang mit Tieren
hinsichtlich MRE, einzureichen. Die. Ergebnisse der Interviews und
Projektaufrufe wurden in Kategorien gegliedert und häufig genannte
Themen wurden als FAQs aufbereitet. Die Beantwortung der FAQs erfolgte mit einer
systematischen Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken Pubmed und Wiley Online
Library. Innerhalb eines Expertengremiums wurden die FAQ-Entwürfe
anschließend diskutiert und bei widersprüchlichem
Forschungsstand ein Konsens erarbeitet. Im Anschluss wurden die FAQs von
Humanmedizinern des ÖGD evaluiert.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden neun FAQs generiert. Neben dem Stand der
Forschung, wurden Empfehlungen für den privaten, nicht-medizinischen
Umgang mit MRE an der Schnittstelle von Human-und Veterinärmedizin
ausgesprochen. Die Empfehlungen sind abhängig von den Eigenschaften des
jeweiligen Settings, bei dem Menschen und Tiere aufeinandertreffen sowie der Art
des Tierkontakts. So wurden unterschiedliche Empfehlungen für den Umgang
mit MRE bei Heimtieren, bei Nutztieren, bei Tieren in
Gemeinschaftseinrichtungen, sowie bei Therapietieren ausgesprochen. Als
wichtigste Maßnahme gegen eine Verbreitung von MRE zwischen Menschen und
Tieren hat sich das regelmäßige und sorgfältige
Händewaschen erwiesen.
Schlussfolgerung Um die Qualität der FAQs gewährleisten zu
können, wurden diese multimodal generiert und beantwortet.
Einschränkungen in der Qualität zeigten sich bei der
Literaturrecherche. Nicht alle eingereichten Themenbereiche konnten mit der zur
Verfügung stehenden Literatur bearbeitet werden. In der Zukunft sollten
die FAQs kontinuierlich aktualisiert und erweitert werden.
An Endoscopic Endonasal Nasopharyngectomy with Posterolateral Extension
Authors: Li Lifeng , London Nyall R. , Prevedello Daniel M. , Carrau Ricardo L. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Invasion depth influences the choice for extirpation of nasopharyngeal malignancies. This study aims to validate the feasibility of endoscopic endonasal resection of lesions with a posterolateral invasion. As a secondary goal, the study intends to propose a classification system of endoscopic endonasal nasopharyngectomy determined by the depth of posterolateral invasion.
Methods Eight cadaveric specimens (16 sides) underwent progressive nasopharyngectomy using an endoscopic endonasal approach. Resection of the torus tubarius, Eustachian tube (ET), medial pterygoid plate and muscle, lateral nasal wall, and lateral pterygoid plate and muscle were sequentially performed to expose the fossa of Rosenmüller, petroclival region, parapharyngeal space (PPS), and jugular foramen, respectively.
Results Technical feasibility of endonasal nasopharyngectomy toward a posterolateral direction was validated in all 16 sides. Nasopharyngectomy was classified into four types as follows: (1) type 1: resection restricted to the posterior or superior nasopharynx; (2) type 2: resection includes the torus tubarius which is suitable for lesions extended into the petroclival region; (3) type 3: resection includes the distal cartilaginous ET, medial pterygoid plate, and muscle, often required for lesions extending laterally into the PPS; And (4) type 4: resection includes the lateral nasal wall, pterygoid plates and muscles, and all the cartilaginous ET. This extensive resection is required for lesions involving the carotid artery or extending to the jugular foramen region.
Conclusion Selected lesions with posterolateral invasion into the PPS or jugular foramen is amenable to a resection via expanded endonasal approach. Classification of nasopharyngectomy based on tumor depth of posterolateral invasion helps to plan a surgical approach.
The Anesthetic Modality but Not the Mode of Delivery Seem to Modulate the Methylation Status of Cyclooxygenase-2 Promoter of the Newborns
Authors: Oğuz Suna Şerife , Kutman Gözde Hayriye Kanmaz , Oğuz Kemal 
Published: September 2021

Objective Cesarean section (CS) rates are high. Epidemiological data supports increased risk of inflammatory conditions in the offspring born by CS. Epigenetic alterations occurring during the perinatal period may account for this risk. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) has strong implications for inflammatory diseases. The methylation of COX2 of newborn infants was compared with respect to their mode of delivery.
Study Design Ninety healthy term infants born by vaginal delivery (VD), planned cesarean section (PCS), or emergency CS (ECS) were recruited (30 infants in each group). For obstetric anesthesia, local (LA), regional (RA), or general (GA) anesthesia were used. Carefully selected exclusion criteria were implemented to eliminate any confounders with potential epigenetic effects. Umbilical artery blood samples were collected. Demographic and clinical characteristics, folate and CRP levels, and mean methylation levels of the COX2 gene promoter were determined.
Results Except the birth weight and maternal age parameters, VD, PCS, and ECS were similar. The methylation percentage of COX2 was higher in ECS (16.9 ± 5.1) than VD (14.5 ± 4.1) and PCS (14.8 ± 2.9), albeit p was 0.064. Because of the dual anesthetic modality populations (RA and GA) in PCS and ECS and the recent literature on anesthetics and epigenetics, the anesthetic modality groups were also analyzed. The methylation percentage of COX2 was significantly different between LA, RA, and GA groups (14.5 ± 4.1, 13.9 ± 2.8, and 17.0 ± 4.6, respectively, p = 0.012).
Conclusion When the mode of delivery is the question of debate, the anesthetic modality should be remembered as an important epigenetic modulator.
Key Points