bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ward-specific clustering of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus spa-type t037 and t045 in two hospitals in South Africa: 2013 to 2017
Authors: Strasheim Wilhelmina , Perovic Olga , Singh-Moodley Ashika , Kwanda Stanford , Ismail Arshad , Lowe Michelle 
Published: June 2021

Introduction
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a highly clonal pathogen causing infections in various settings. The aim of this study was to determine if healthcare-associated (HA) MRSA isolates with the same spa-type originating from two geographically distinct hospitals in South Africa were genetically related based on PFGE. Furthermore, a small subset of MRSA isolates were characterised with WGS and then compared to PFGE to determine if PFGE is still a reliable method to define outbreaks and/or transmission chains.

Methods
Staphylococcus aureus isolated from blood cultures (BC) were submitted to the Centre for Healthcare-Associated Infections, Antimicrobial Resistance and Mycoses (CHARM) as part of a laboratory-based surveillance programme (GERMS-SA). The identified HA-MRSA isolates underwent molecular characterisation [Staphylococcal Chromosome Cassette (SCC) mec and spa-typing]. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on selected isolates with the same spa-type. Twenty-one MRSA isolates were selected for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) based on spa-type, PFGE clustering, time and place of isolation.

Results
Eighteen percent (n = 95/529) and 33% (n = 234/710) of isolates collected, from two public tertiary academic hospitals in the Gauteng (GAU) and the Western Cape (WC) provinces, were identified as MRSA, respectively. The most dominant clone in the GAU hospital was t037-III-MRSA (43.2%; n = 41/95). The most dominant clones in the WC hospital was t037-III-MRSA (23.9%, n = 56/234) and t045-I-MRSA (23.5%, n = 55/234). The GAU-t037-III-MRSA cases and WC-t045-I-MRSA cases occurred in the paediatric patient population, whereas the WC-t037-III-MRSA cases occurred in the adult patient population. A novel spa-type (t19935) was detected in the GAU hospital. PFGE showed that the GAU- and WC-t037-III-MRSA isolates were genetically indistinguishable, as well as most of the WC-t045-I-MRSA isolates. The Vienna/Hungarian/Brazilian clone and British EMRSA-3 clone were in circulation and a low frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (≤20) differences was observed among isolates with the same spa-type.

Conclusion
The low number of SNP differences is suggestive of uninterrupted strain transmission and the persistence of t037-III-MRSA and t045-I-MRSA from 2013 to 2017 in the two studied hospitals. Alternative infection prevention and control strategies should be considered to supplement control efforts.
Novel proteins associated with chronic intermittent hypoxia and obstructive sleep apnea: From rat model to clinical evidence
Authors: Tang Xiaojun , Li Shisheng , Yang Xinming , Tang Qinglai , Zhang Ying , Zeng Shiying , Li Mengmeng , Jiang Kang , Guo Lu , Huang Peiying 
Published: June 2021

ObjectiveTo screen for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) biomarkers, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-labeled quantitative proteomics assay was used to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) during chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH).MethodThe iTRAQ technique was applied to compare DEPs in the serum of a CIH rat model and control group. Biological analysis of DEPs was performed using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia to explore related biological functions and signaling pathways. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to validate their expression in sera from patients with OSA and CIH rats.ResultsTwenty-three DEPs (fold change ≥1.2 or ≤0.833,p<0.05) were identified, and two DEPs (unique peptides>3 and higher coverage) were further verified by ELISA in the CIH rat model and OSA subject: apolipoprotein A-IV (APOA4,p<0.05) and Tubulin alpha-1A chain (TUBA1A,p<0.05). Both groups showed significant differences in the expression levels of DEPs between the CIH and control groups and the severe OSA and non-OSA groups. APOA4 was found to be upregulated and TUBA1A downregulated in both the sera from OSA patients and CIH rats, on comparing proteomics results with clinical results. There were two pathways that involved three DEPs, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway (p<0.05) and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (p<0.05).ConclusionAPOA4 and TUBA1A may be potential novel biomarkers for CIH and OSA, and may play an important role in the development of OSA complications.
COVID-19 and pregnancy: An umbrella review of clinical presentation, vertical transmission, and maternal and perinatal outcomes
Authors: Ciapponi Agustín , Bardach Ariel , Comandé Daniel , Berrueta Mabel , Argento Fernando J. , Rodriguez Cairoli Federico , Zamora Natalia , Santa María Victoria , Xiong Xu , Zaraa Sabra , Mazzoni Agustina , Buekens Pierre 
Published: June 2021

BackgroundWe conducted an overview of systematic reviews (SRs) summarizing the best evidence regarding the effect of COVID-19 on maternal and child health following Cochrane methods and PRISMA statement for reporting (PROSPERO-CRD42020208783).MethodsWe searched literature databases and COVID-19 research websites from January to October 2020. We selected relevant SRs reporting adequate search strategy, data synthesis, risk of bias assessment, and/or individual description of included studies describing COVID-19 and pregnancy outcomes. Pair of reviewers independently selected studies through COVIDENCE web-software, performed the data extraction, and assessed its quality through the AMSTAR-2 tool. Discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Each SR’s results were synthesized and for the most recent, relevant, comprehensive, and with the highest quality, by predefined criteria, we presented GRADE evidence tables.ResultsWe included 66 SRs of observational studies out of 608 references retrieved and most (61/66) had "critically low" overall quality. We found a relatively low degree of primary study overlap across SRs. The most frequent COVID-19 clinical findings during pregnancy were fever (28–100%), mild respiratory symptoms (20–79%), raised C-reactive protein (28–96%), lymphopenia (34–80%), and pneumonia signs in diagnostic imaging (7–99%). The most frequent maternal outcomes were C-section (23–96%) and preterm delivery (14–64%). Most of their babies were asymptomatic (16–93%) or presented fever (0–50%), low birth weight (5–43%) or preterm delivery (2–69%). The odds ratio (OR) of receiving invasive ventilation for COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 pregnant women was 1.88 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.36–2.60) and the OR that their babies were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit was 3.13 (95%CI 2.05–4.78). The risk of congenital transmission or via breast milk was estimated to be low, but close contacts may carry risks.ConclusionThis comprehensive overview supports that pregnant women with COVID-19 may be at increased risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes and low risk of congenital transmission.
The White Racial Frame: Centuries of Racial Framing and Counter-Framing, JOE R. FEAGIN (2020), 3rd ed.
Authors: García Martínez Cristina 
Published: June 2021

Review of: The White Racial Frame: Centuries of Racial Framing and Counter-Framing, JOE R. FEAGIN (2020), 3rd ed.
New York: Routledge, 302 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-36737-347-4, h/bk, £120
ISBN 978-0-36737-348-1, p/bk, £32.99
Probabilistic Assessment of Power Systems with Renewable Energy Sources based on an Improved Analytical Approach
Authors: Le Duong Dinh , Ngo Duong Van , Nguyen Nhi Thi Ai , Huynh Ky Van 
Published: June 2021

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources has introduced great uncertainties and challenges into computation and analysis of electric power systems. To deal with uncertainties, probabilistic approaches need to be used. In this paper, we propose a new framework for probabilistic assessment of power systems taking into account uncertainties from input random variables such as load demands and renewable energy sources. It is based on the cumulant-based Probabilistic Power Flow (PPF) in combination with an improved clustering technique. The improved clustering technique is also developed in this study by making use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to reduce the range of variation in the input data, thus increasing the accuracy of the traditional cumulant-based PPF (TCPPF) method. In addition, thanks to adopting PCA for dimensionality reduction, the improved clustering technique can be effectively dealt with a large number of input random variables so that the proposed framework for probabilistic assessment can be applied for large power systems. The IEEE-118 bus test system is modified by adding five wind and eight solar photovoltaic power plants to examine the proposed method. Uncertainties from input random variables are represented by appropriate probabilistic models. Extensive testing on the test system indicates good performance of the proposed approach in comparison to the traditional cumulant-based PPF and Monte Carlo simulation. The IEEE-118 bus test system is modified by adding five wind and eight solar photovoltaic power plants to examine the proposed method. Extensive testing on the test system, using Matlab (R2015a) on an Intel Core i5 CPU 2.53 GHz/4.00 GB RAM PC, indicates good performance of the proposed approach (PPPF) in comparison to the TCPPF and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS): In terms of computation time, PPPF needs 4.54 seconds, while TCPPF and MCS require 2.63 and 251 seconds, respectively; ARMS errors are calculated for methods using benchmark MCS and their values clearly demonstrate the higher accuracy of PPPF in estimating probability distributions compared to TCPPF, i.e., the maximum (Max) and mean (Mean) values of ARMS errors of all output random variables are: ARMSPPPFmax = 0.11%, ARMSTCPPFmax = 0.55%, and ARMSPPPFmean = 0.06%, ARMSTCPPFmean = 0.35%.
Heidegger and Gadamer on Hegel’s Greek Conception of Being and Time in an Unpublished 1925/26 Seminar
Authors: Gonzalez Francisco 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
In the Winter semester of 1925/26 Heidegger gave what appears to have been his first seminar on Hegel. Still unpublished in any form, this neglected seminar is of extraordinary importance, and not only for the in-depth and critical reading it pursues of Hegel’s Logic I, a critique that charges Hegel with not knowing how or where to begin. The seminar is also important for its attempt to demonstrate that Hegel’s philosophy was thoroughly Greek. In the class of 25 November 1925, Heidegger is reported to have said: “Therefore am I in the habit of saying that Hegel is the most radical Greek there ever was. With the means that were pre-formed in Greek ontology as if in a seed, the means that lay at the roots of Greek ontology, Hegel mastered something (roughly speaking: spirit, history) that in this form was never experienced by the Greeks. This is only asserted here. Proof of this thesis is naturally very difficult.” Heidegger therefore turns towards the end of the seminar to Aristotle’s account of time in the Physics to show that both this understanding of time and the conception of being it presupposes are also Hegel’s. Yet Heidegger entrusts the initial presentation of Aristotle’s conception of time to a student whose reading is at odds with his own, so much so that Heidegger accuses the student of turning everything on its head. The student’s name is H.-G. Gadamer.
Variation inequalities for rough singular integrals and their commutators on Morrey spaces and Besov spaces
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Liu Feng , Zhang Huiyun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper is devoted to investigating the boundedness, continuity and compactness for variation operators of singular integrals and their commutators on Morrey spaces and Besov spaces. More precisely, we establish the boundedness for the variation operators of singular integrals with rough kernels Ω ∈ Lq
(S
n−1) (q > 1) and their commutators on Morrey spaces as well as the compactness for the above commutators on Lebesgue spaces and Morrey spaces. In addition, we present a criterion on the boundedness and continuity for a class of variation operators of singular integrals and their commutators on Besov spaces. As applications, we obtain the boundedness and continuity for the variation operators of Hilbert transform, Hermit Riesz transform, Riesz transforms and rough singular integrals as well as their commutators on Besov spaces.
Prevalence and distribution of causes of infertility according to women’s age – a cross-sectional study in a tertiary healthcare hospital setup
Authors: Dhandapani Keerthana , Kodavanji Bhagyalakshmi , Nithyananda Madom Anantharaya Vinodini , Arun Kumar Nayanatara 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Infertility has disastrous consequences, particularly for women. Causes of infertility in developed countries have been investigated but there is a significant lack of data among Indian female population. The aim of the present study was to analyze the causes and the proportion of the individual factors contributing to infertility, considering the age factor.

Methods
The data of 204 infertile women (18–45 years) were collected from the files in tertiary care hospitals. Causes and age of infertile women were grouped. The prevalence of each cause was evaluated. Data analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 17.0.

Results
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) was the most common (14.71%) cause of female infertility. Ovulatory dysfunctions (25.55%) were the foremost cause in primary infertility, whereas in secondary infertility, uterine factors (26.86%) were most common. The incidence of primary and secondary infertility was more evident in patients who were more than 30 years of age.

Conclusions
Causes of infertility vary according to the age. The causes of female infertility were unexplained infertility, ovulatory disorders and uterine factors most commonly affecting women at ≤30 years.
Monogenic diabetes in Pakistani infants and children: challenges in a resource poor country
Authors: Ibrahim Mohsina Noor , Laghari Taj Muhammad , Riaz Miara , Khoso Zubair , Khan Yasir Naqi , Yasir Mehar , Hanif Misbah Iqbal , Flanagan Sarah E. , De Franco Elisa , Raza Jamal 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To review the data of infants and children with suspected monogenic diabetes who underwent genetic testing.

Methods
Monogenic diabetes is a rare form of diabetes resulting from mutations in a single gene. It can be caused by dominant as well as recessive modes of inheritance. In a country like Pakistan where interfamily marriages are common the incidence of genetic disorders is increased. As Pakistan a resource-poor country, the diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes is often delayed and a genetic diagnosis of monogenic diabetes is extremely difficult. Children with clinical diagnosis of monogenic and syndromic diabates were recruited and blood samples were sent for genetic analysis.

Results
One thousand sixty four new cases diagnosed with type 1 diabetes were registered at the National Institute of Child Health, Karachi, in the last 10 years. Of these 39 patients were selected for genetic testing who were diagnosed with diabetes/had a sibling diagnosed with diabetes before the age of nine months (n = 27) or had extra pancreatic features ( n= 12). We identified mutations in 18/27 cases diagnosed with diabetes before nine months of age. The most common genetic subtype was WolcottRallison syndrome caused by EIF2AK3 mutations (seven cases). KCNJ11 mutations were identified in two cases, ABCC8mutations were identified in four cases from three families, GCK and INS mutations were each identified in two cases, and one SLC2A2 mutation was identified in one case. A genetic diagnosis was made in 12/12 children from six families with diabetes diagnosed after the age of nine months who had extrapancreatic features. Six patients had genetically confirmed Wolfram syndrome (WFS1), three had thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (SLC19A2) and three were diagnosed with histocytosis lymphadenopathy plus syndrome (SLC29A3).

Conclusions
Genetic testing is essential to confirm a diagnosis of monogenic diabetes which guides clinical management and future counselling. Our study highlights the importance of diagnosing monogenic diabetes in the largely consanguineously-married population of Pakistan.
On the role of creativity in the formation of new complex words
Authors: Körtvélyessy Lívia , Štekauer Pavol , Kačmár Pavol 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This article presents the results of a large-scale interdisciplinary project aimed at a corroboration of the role of creativity in the way university undergraduates (N = 309) coin new complex words. Specifically, the tendency towards economy of expression, preferred by a speaker, and the tendency towards semantic transparency, preferred by a listener, were examined in the broader context of the creative potential of an individual, understood as divergent thinking abilities captured by the Torrance test of creative thinking (TTCT). The results indicate that divergent thinking abilities, as operationalized by the TTCT scores, negatively correlate with the general tendency to coin new complex words in a more economical fashion. More specifically, the general tendency towards economy of expression correlates negatively with Elaboration, Creative Strengths, and potentially with Creativity. A more detailed analysis indicates that this is especially the case for the word-formation task, where open-ended responses were analyzed and a drawing served as stimulus material for word formation. These results are not only novel but also encouraging for future research into the role of psychological factors in the psycholinguistic process of word formation conceived as a creative act of a language user.
Disazo (Bishydrazone) pigments based on acetoacetanilides
Authors: Christie Robert , Abel Adrian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractDisazoacetoacetanilide pigments, more commonly known as diarylide yellows, are the most important group of yellow classical organic pigments. They were commercialized in the early 20th century many years after the introduction of the structurally related monazoacetoacetanilides (Hansa yellows). The molecules adopt the bis-ketohydrazone tautomeric form. X-ray single crystal structure investigations have provided an insight into the influence of the molecular geometry and crystal packing arrangements in the solid state on the properties of the pigments in application. The synthesis of diarylide pigments is relatively straightforward, the conditions essentially following those used for the corresponding monoazo pigments, so that the products are economically priced. In the case of these disazo pigments, suitable aromatic amines (1 mol) are bis-diazotized and the resulting bis-diazonium salts reacted with acetoacetanilide coupling components (2 mol), the two azo coupling reactions occurring at the same time. They are by far the dominant group of yellow pigments used in printing inks, well-suited for most standard process yellow inks. They were formerly important in the coloration of plastics but are no longer recommended for polymers processed above 200 °C, under which conditions toxic decomposition products are formed. Diarylide yellow pigments are characterized by high color strength, good to excellent solvent fastness, and good chemical stability, although they generally show inferior lightfastness.
Acuerdos comerciales, migratorios, de seguridad y de empleo centro-periferia. Un análisis de ecología-mundo
Authors: Sajir Zakaria 
Published: June 2021

El artículo busca tres objetivos: 1) contribuir al debate en curso en el marco de la propuesta de la ecología-mundo, centrándose en el caso de los acuerdos suscritos entre los estados del centro global, de la semiperiferia y los estados de la periferia; 2) proporcionar una visión de cómo y por qué los acuerdos en las áreas de comercio, migración, seguridad y empleo que se suscriben entre los estados del centro, de la semiperiferia y los estados de la periferia global contribuyen a acelerar la caída del excedente ecológico; y por último, 3) volver a centrar la atención en el continente africano, haciendo hincapié en su papel central en el desarrollo y crisis de la economía capitalista global. La perspectiva desarrollada por Moore rechaza el dualismo cartesiano de "Naturaleza" y "Sociedad" y, por tanto, trasciende la narrativa del capitalismo y el medio ambiente tan predominante en la actualidad, proponiendo en su lugar una relación creativa y dialéctica de unidad fundamental entre la naturaleza humana y la extrahumana, oikeios. De ello se desprende que la crisis del capitalismo, ya sea evolutiva o epocal, no se origina en la convergencia de crisis ontológicamente distintas e independientes, la económica (sociedad) y la medioambiental (naturaleza), sino que expresa la esencia misma del capitalismo. En este sentido, los acuerdos comerciales, de inmigración, de seguridad y de empleo entre los estados del centro, las semiperiferias y los estados de la periferia encarnan la misma esencia antagonista del capitalismo: la tendencia a la acumulación incesante de capital y la caída del excedente ecológico. En este artículo exploramos que si, por un lado, los acuerdos estipulados entre los estados del centro, las semiperiferias y los estados de la periferia representan una forma de apropiarse del "trabajo" barato y gratuito de naturalezas humanas y extrahumanas para ponerlos al servicio del proceso de acumulación capitalista, estos acuerdos, por su propia construcción y sus dinámicas de negociación, aceleran, por otro lado, la caída del excedente ecológico, lo que se hace visible en el aumento de los precios de los bienes primarios a través del continuo agotamiento de las naturalezas humanas y extrahumanas no capitalizadas o infracapitalizadas. El texto, además de introducción y conclusiones, consta de tres apartados. En el primero se establecen las principales características de la perspectiva de la ecología-mundo de Moore, que se desarrollarán a lo largo del artículo. En el segundo apartado se aíslan las cuatro grandes razones que nos ayudan a entender cómo y por qué los acuerdos entre estados del centro, de la semiperiferia y los estados de la periferia pueden acelerar la caída del excedente ecológico. En el tercero se desarrolla el argumento principal del artículo, aplicándolo al caso concreto de los acuerdos estipulados entre algunos estados del centro, de la semiperiferia y los estados de la periferia africana.