bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Unfavorable Impact of DR9/DR9 Genotype on the Frequency and Quality of Partial Remission in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Chen Yan , Xia Ying , Xie Zhiguo , Zhong Ting , Tang Rong , Li Xia , Zhou Zhiguang 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Context
Partial remission (PR) is a specific stage in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Although human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II loci are the strongest genetic determinants in T1D, the relationship between PR and HLA remains unclear.

Objective
To investigate the association between PR status and HLA genotypes in patients with T1D.

Methods
A total of 237 patients with T1D were included. PR was defined according to C-peptide ≥300 pmol/L. The frequency of PR and peak C-peptide levels during remission phase were compared according to HLA status. Clinical characteristics including age of onset and diabetes autoantibodies were collected. All analyses were duplicated when subjects were divided into childhood- and adult-onset T1D.

Results
The median follow-up time was 24 months, 65.8% (156/237) of patients with T1D went into PR. DR9/DR9 carriers had a lower PR rate (44.2% vs 70.6%, P = .001) and were less likely to enter PR (OR = 0.218, 95% CI 0.098-0.487, P &lt; .001) than the non-DR9/DR9 carriers, observed in both childhood- and adult-onset T1D. Besides, the peak C-peptide level during PR phase was also lower in DR9/DR9 carriers, and more notable in adult-onset T1D. When compared with non-DR9/DR9 carriers, T1D with DR9/DR9 genotype presented an older age of onset and a lower positivity of zinc transporter 8 antibody (ZnT8A), and the lower trend of ZnT8A was only found in adult-onset T1D (P = .049).

Conclusion
Patients with T1D carrying susceptible DR9/DR9 are less prone to undergo PR. Additionally, the recovery extent of β-cell function during the PR phase tends to be lower in adults carrying DR9/DR9, which might be associated with ZnT8A.
Associations of Endogenous Hormones With HDL Novel Metrics Across the Menopause Transition: The SWAN HDL Study
Authors: El Khoudary Samar R , Nasr Alexis , Billheimer Jeffrey , Brooks Maria M , McConnell Dan , Crawford Sybil , Orchard Trevor J , Rader Daniel J , Matthews Karen A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Context
Novel metrics of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (subclasses, lipid content, and function) may improve characterization of the anti-atherogenic features of HDL. In midlife women, changes in these metrics vary by time relative to the final menstrual period (FMP), supporting a contribution of estradiol (E2) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Objective
We tested associations of endogenous E2 and FSH with novel HDL metrics and assessed whether these associations varied by time relative to FMP.

Methods
This study was a longitudinal analysis from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) HDL study, using a community-based cohort of 463 women, baseline mean age 50.2 (2.7) years. The main outcome measures were HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (HDL-CEC), HDL phospholipids (HDL-PL), HDL triglycerides (HDL-Tg), HDL particles (HDL-P), HDL size, and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C).

Results
In multivariable analyses, E2 was positively associated with HDL size, large HDL-P, HDL-CEC, and HDL-Tg, but negatively with medium HDL-P (P values &lt; 0.05). The positive association between E2 and HDL-Tg was stronger 2 years post-FMP than before, (interaction P = 0.031). FSH was positively related to total and medium HDL-P, but negatively to HDL size, large HDL-P, and HDL-CEC per particle (P values &lt; 0.05). Associations of higher FSH with greater total HDL-P and smaller HDL size were only evident at/after menopause (interaction P values &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Some of the associations linking E2 and FSH with novel HDL metrics were vulnerable to time relative to menopause onset. Whether a late initiation of hormone therapy relative to menopause could have a detrimental effect on lipid content of HDL particles should be tested in the future.
Maternal Body Mass Index, Early-Pregnancy Metabolite Profile, and Birthweight
Authors: Wahab Rama J , Jaddoe Vincent W V , Voerman Ellis , Ruijter George J G , Felix Janine F , Marchioro Linda , Uhl Olaf , Shokry Engy , Koletzko Berthold , Gaillard Romy 
Published: August 2021

AbstractContextMaternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) has a strong influence on gestational metabolism, but detailed metabolic alterations are unknown.ObjectiveFirst, to examine the associations of maternal prepregnancy BMI with maternal early-pregnancy metabolite alterations. Second, to identify an early-pregnancy metabolite profile associated with birthweight in women with a higher prepregnancy BMI that improved prediction of birthweight compared to glucose and lipid concentrations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsPrepregnancy BMI was obtained in a subgroup of 682 Dutch pregnant women from the Generation R prospective cohort study.Main Outcome MeasuresMaternal nonfasting targeted amino acids, nonesterified fatty acid, phospholipid, and carnitine concentrations measured in blood serum at mean gestational age of 12.8 weeks. Birthweight was obtained from medical records.ResultsA higher prepregnancy BMI was associated with 72 altered amino acids, nonesterified fatty acid, phospholipid and carnitine concentrations, and 6 metabolite ratios reflecting Krebs cycle, inflammatory, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolic processes (P-values &lt; 0.05). Using penalized regression models, a metabolite profile was selected including 15 metabolites and 4 metabolite ratios based on its association with birthweight in addition to prepregnancy BMI. The adjusted R2 of birthweight was 6.1% for prepregnancy BMI alone, 6.2% after addition of glucose and lipid concentrations, and 12.9% after addition of the metabolite profile.ConclusionsA higher maternal prepregnancy BMI was associated with altered maternal early-pregnancy amino acids, nonesterified fatty acids, phospholipids, and carnitines. Using these metabolites, we identified a maternal metabolite profile that improved prediction of birthweight in women with a higher prepregnancy BMI compared to glucose and lipid concentrations.
Production of 11-Oxygenated Androgens by Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors
Authors: Schröder Mariska A M , Turcu Adina F , O’Day Patrick , van Herwaarden Antonius E , Span Paul N , Auchus Richard J , Sweep Fred C G J , Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedi L 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Context
Testicular adrenal rest tumors (TART) are a common complication in males with classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD). TART are likely to contribute to the androgen excess in 21OHD patients, but a direct quantification of steroidogenesis from these tumors has not been yet done.

Objective
We aimed to define the production of 11-oxygenated 19-carbon (11oxC19) steroids by TART.

Methods
Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, steroids were measured in left (n = 7) and right (n = 4) spermatic vein and simultaneously drawn peripheral blood (n = 7) samples from 7 men with 21OHD and TART. For comparison, we also measured the peripheral steroid concentrations in 5 adrenalectomized patients and 12 age- and BMI-matched controls. Additionally, steroids were quantified in TART cell– and adrenal cell–conditioned medium, with and without adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation.

Results
Compared with peripheral blood from 21OHD patients with TART, the spermatic vein samples displayed the highest gradient for 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11OHT; 96-fold) of the 11oxC19 steroids, followed by 11-ketotestosterone (47-fold) and 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11OHA4; 29-fold), suggesting production of these steroids in TART. TART cells produced higher levels of testosterone and lower levels of A4 and 11OHA4 after ACTH stimulation compared with adrenal cells, indicating ACTH-induced production of testosterone in TART.

Conclusion
In patients with 21OHD, TART produce 11oxC19 steroids, but in different proportions than the adrenals. The very high ratio of 11OHT in spermatic vs peripheral vein blood suggests the 11-hydroxylation of testosterone by TART, and the in vitro results indicate that this metabolism is ACTH-sensitive.
International Curriculum Comparison in Vocational Education and Training: A Collaborative Development of an Analysis Instrument
Authors: Chen Pujun , Goncharova Anastasia , Pilz Matthias , Frommberger Dietmar , Li Junmin , Romanova Olga , Lin Yueru 
Published: August 2021

Context: International comparative research on Vocational Education and Training (VET) is gaining importance, as global cooperation and mutual learning in VET grows. However, it is characterized by a high degree of complexity, due on one hand, to the heterogeneity of the VET sector, and on the other hand to the unique challenges of international comparisons. In addition, comparative research projects are increasingly conducted in the form of cross-border collaborations, which have their own particular organizational and methodological considerations, opportunities, and challenges. This paper presents an example of a cooperative research process, aimed at investigating the complex phenomenon of the competence-based approach in Russian and Chinese VET. In providing an example of developing an instrument for curriculum analysis and comparison, we discuss and reflect on the methodological and organizational peculiarities and challenges of the research process conducted collaboratively by an international team.
Method: The instrument for analysis and comparison of curricular documents, was developed in an iterative multi-stage process, combining deductive and inductive steps. The embeddedness of the elements of a competence-based approach in curricular documents is investigated, using qualitative content analysis. To develop a coding frame, we started with a comprehensive partially systematic literature review of international, Russian and Chinese discourses on competence-based curricula. The frame was built on the selected model of competence-based education, and on accumulated results of the literature analysis of national discourses. Furthermore, during the first coding process, an iterative adaptation of the developed instrument took place.
Results: The result of this process was the development of an analysis instrument which, on the one hand, is well-adapted to each national context and, on the other hand, allows a comparison of results along the same dimensions of analysis, in our case, elements of the competence-based approach in curriculum.
Conclusion: Developing an analysis framework for a cross-cultural comparative investigation of such a diffuse and heterogeneous construct as the competence-based approach, can pose a methodological challenge for an international team of researchers. However, an effective application of own team resources such as proficiency in different languages, insider and outsider perspectives, along with continuous intensive communication and a flexible, iterative research process, allows development of a well-adapted analysis instrument for international comparison.
Journalism Research in Practice: Perspectives on Change, Challenges, and Solutions, Robert E. Gutsche, Jr and Bonnie Brennen (eds) (2020)
Authors: Weller Denby 
Published: August 2021

Review of: Journalism Research in Practice: Perspectives on Change, Challenges, and Solutions, Robert E. Gutsche, Jr and Bonnie Brennen (eds) (2020)
Abingdon: Routledge, 168 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-36746-966-5, h/bk, AUD252.00
ISBN 978-1-00303-227-4, ebk, AUD63.89
Journalists and Confidential Sources: Colliding Public Interests in the Age of the Leak, Joseph M. Fernandez (2021)
Authors: Muller Denis 
Published: August 2021

Review of: Journalists and Confidential Sources: Colliding Public Interests in the Age of the Leak, Joseph M. Fernandez (2021)
Abingdon: Routledge, 300 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-36747-412-6, h/bk, $252.00
ISBN 978-1-00303-541-1, ebk, $63.89
Journalism, Society and Politics in the Digital Media Era, Nael Jebril, Stephen Jukes, Sofia Iordanidou and Emmanouil Takas (eds) (2020)
Authors: Morieson Lucy 
Published: August 2021

Review of: Journalism, Society and Politics in the Digital Media Era, Nael Jebril, Stephen Jukes, Sofia Iordanidou and Emmanouil Takas (eds) (2020)
Bristol and Chicago, IL: Intellect, 211 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78938-168-9, h/bk, $ 135.00
ISBN 978-1-78938-170-2, ebk, $ 104.00
The Digital World of Sport: The Impact of Emerging Media on Sports News, Information and Journalism, Sam Duncan (2020)
Authors: English Peter 
Published: August 2021

Review of: The Digital World of Sport: The Impact of Emerging Media on Sports News, Information and Journalism, Sam Duncan (2020)
London: Anthem Press, 176 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-78527-505-0, h/bk, $125.00
ISBN 978-1-78527-507-4, ebk, $40.00
The Ethics of Photojournalism in the Digital Age, Miguel F. Santos Silva and Scott A. Eldridge II (2020)
Authors: Thomson T. J. 
Published: August 2021

Review of: The Ethics of Photojournalism in the Digital Age, Miguel F. Santos Silva and Scott A. Eldridge II (2020)
Abingdon: Routledge, 166 pp.,
ISBN 978-1-13858-629-1, h/bk, $201.60
ISBN 978-0-42950-468-6, ebk, $53.59
ISBN 978-1-13858-630-7, p/bk, $59.19
Democracy without Journalism?: Confronting the Misinformation Society, Victor Pickard (2019)
Authors: Watson Alysson 
Published: August 2021

Review of: Democracy without Journalism?: Confronting the Misinformation Society, Victor Pickard (2019)
Abingdon: Oxford University Press, 248 pp.,
ISBN 978-0-19094-675-3, h/bk, £64.00
ISBN 978-0-19094-676-0, p/bk, £18.99
ISBN 978-0-19094-678-4, ebk, AUD 20.23
Meditation, Vision and Visualization in Daoism and Buddhism
Authors: Bumbacher Stephan Peter 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Textual evidence points at a rather late date of the occurence of meditation in China. In addition, Chinese meditation appeared suddenly, i. e. without any apparent previous development, and in an already sophisticated form. On the other hand, India had witnessed long living and continuous meditative traditions. This may be taken as a possible indication pointing to a Chinese adaptation of an originally foreign concept.
Visuality in Esoteric Buddhism – Awakened with a Single Glance?
Authors: Kaufmann Paulus 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
In the year 806 CE the Japanese monk Kūkai returned from a journey to China and brought a large amount of visual artefacts with him. Commentators have wondered since what role these visual media play in Kūkai’s Buddhist thought. It has been speculated that the art works show that Kūkai values visual media higher when it comes to transmitting the teaching of the Buddha. Proponents of this view usually refer to a single passage from Kūkai’s writings to warrant their interpretation. By analysing the respective passage in detail and showing how it connects to Kūkai’s other writings, this article argues that Kūkai did not prefer the visual to the verbal in transmitting the dharma. Mandalas certainly play an important role in Kūkai’s thought, but their role differs from what these modern interpreters suppose: first, when Kūkai speaks about ‘mandalas’ he often does not refer to paintings, but to the structure of reality or to ritual procedures. Second, mandala paintings have an ambiguous role in esoteric ritual, because they were added rather late in the development of esoteric ritual. For Kūkai they serve primarily as storyboards for ritual performance. Third, the first glance at a mandala is an important moment during esoteric initiations, but it is only the beginning of a rigorous training. Moreover, the crucial moment in esoteric ritual is the union of the practitioner with the deity; glancing at the mandala has no role to play in this mystic union. Fourth, mandala paintings can be used, according to Kūkai, to reveal the deeper structure of texts, but in this role they are not superior to the written medium but rather play a helping role. Fifth, Kūkai believes that texts as well as paintings can be misleading whenever they are taken as representations of a rigid structure of reality. In Kūkai’s eyes, the visual cannot, therefore, solve the problem how the Buddha can transmit his dharma.
Maṇḍala within the Rock: The Visualization of the Mahāmāyūrī-vidyārājñī and its Altar in Southwestern China, 9th–13th Centuries
Authors: Yang Xiao 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper considers visualizations in Chinese medieval esoteric Buddhism in seven sculptural tableaux of the Mahāmāyūrī-vidyārājñī (Peacock Wisdom King 孔雀明王) from rock carving sites in the Sichuan Basin, Southwestern China. Early scholars highlighted the authority of Amoghavajra’s ritual manual for the Mahāmāyūrī images in this area, yet divergences between text and image hold them back from further interpretation. This paper reinvestigates these Mahāmāyūrī shrines “dialectically” by considering the text-image relationship. While keeping Amoghavajra’s ritual manual as a reference, it attempts to decode the meaning of the images and sites based on their own content, and to extrapolate from the text-image divergences how artistic productions and esoteric practices could lead to the presence of such divergences. This involves discussing artistic forms and decorative elements appropriated from exoteric Buddhism, as well as adjustments to the central icon and adjacent narrative scenes weaved within the temporal and spatial transitions. It also includes observations on the grouping between the Mahāmāyūrī and other deities in the larger iconographic program in their affiliated rock-cut sites, which reflects the interaction between this esoteric teaching and other popular beliefs. At least four out of seven examples share the same hierarchical iconographic programs or signature spatial structures similar to the Mahāmāyūrī altar prescribed in Amoghavajra’s ritual manual. It takes these visual or spatial similarities as concrete evidences that the construction of these shrines intended to make altars/maṇḍalas, although in two different ways to represent the esoteric altar and to create a space to conduct such a ritual.
“Pre-Buddhist” Conceptions of Vision and Visuality in China and Their Traces in Early Reflections on Painting
Authors: Suter Rafael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
This paper attempts to delineate the relation of early Chinese views on vision and visuality to nascent reflections on painting arising in the Early Medieval period. Ever since that time, pictorial creativity has been associated with Buddhist ideas of spiritual perfection. Likewise, the Early Medieval concern for the visualization of spiritual journeys to exceptional humans (and superhumans) through imaginary landscapes seems to be of Buddhist origin. The first part of this paper gives a short sketch of the intellectual landscape in which theorizing on painting since the 5th century CE first arose. The main body of the study, consisting of parts two through five, close readings of pre-Buddhist texts on vision and imagination. From these exploratory investigations it emerges that the very terms that are key in early reflections on painting such as ‘spirit’ (shen 神), ‘perspicacity’ (ming 明), but also ‘imagination’ (xiang 想) and ‘symbol’ (xiang 象) are closely related to a specific conception of seeing and visuality which is manifest in these texts. A final part sketches the possible relevance of these observations in early and pre-imperial sources for the interpretation of Chinese theories on painting. It emerges that while the rising interest in imagination since the Eastern Jin period is indeed an innovation inspired by Buddhism, the extraordinary role of the notion of ‘spirit’ in reflections about painting is closely related to earlier autochthonous traditions. The appeal to specifically Buddhist notions such as the samādhi of free play in texts on pictorial production and contemplation appears to be of a secondary character. It seems to be mediated by the inclusion of the very word ‘spirit’ (shen) into Chinese renderings of technical Buddhist terms related to meditation, which resulted in the implicit association of this specialist vocabulary with inherited conceptions of spirit as a luminous force animating, inspiring and enlightening things, in both quite a literal and in a rather metaphorical sense.
Chitin localisation and retention in the exit tubes of the holocarpic oomycete Anisolpidium rosenvingei
Authors: Küpper Frithjof Christian , Fletcher Kyle , Maier Ingo 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The finding of the enigmatic pathogen Anisolpidium rosenvingei in the filamentous brown macroalga Pylaiella littoralis presented a unique opportunity to histochemically study the distribution of chitin in this little-known pathogen using FUNGALASE™-F, a fluorescein-labelled chitinase. Chitin was found localised to the exit tube of this pathogen, which infects exclusively reproductive cells of its host. The cytological and phylogenetic implications of this finding are discussed. This paper also reports the first record of this pathogen in the United Kingdom, on the west coast of Scotland.
Quasiexcellence implies strong generation
Authors: Aoki Ko 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We prove that
the bounded derived category
of coherent sheaves on a quasicompact separated
quasiexcellent scheme of finite dimension
has a strong generator in the sense
of Bondal–Van den Bergh.
This simultaneously extends
two results of Iyengar–Takahashi and Neeman
and is new even in the affine case.
The main ingredient includes
Gabber’s weak local uniformization theorem
and the notions of boundedness and descendability
of a morphism of schemes.
Milnor excision for motivic spectra
Authors: Elmanto Elden , Hoyois Marc , Iwasa Ryomei , Kelly Shane 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
We prove that the

∞

{\infty}

-category of motivic spectra satisfies Milnor excision: if

A
→
B

{A\to B}

is a morphism of commutative rings sending an ideal

I
⊂
A

{I\subset A}

isomorphically onto an ideal of B, then a motivic spectrum over A is equivalent to a pair of motivic spectra over B and

A
/
I

{A/I}

that are identified over

B
/
I

⁢
B

{B/IB}

. Consequently, any cohomology theory represented by a motivic spectrum satisfies Milnor excision. We also prove Milnor excision for Ayoub’s étale motives over schemes of finite virtual cohomological dimension.
Modulation of macrophage functions by ECM-inspired wound dressings – a promising therapeutic approach for chronic wounds
Authors: Torregrossa Marta , Kakpenova Ainur , Simon Jan C. , Franz Sandra 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Nonhealing chronic wounds are among the most common skin disorders with increasing incidence worldwide. However, their treatment is still dissatisfying, that is why novel therapeutic concepts targeting the sustained inflammatory process have emerged. Increasing understanding of chronic wound pathologies has put macrophages in the spotlight of such approaches. Herein, we review current concepts and perspectives of therapeutic macrophage control by ECM-inspired wound dressing materials. We provide an overview of the current understanding of macrophage diversity with particular view on their roles in skin and in physiological and disturbed wound healing processes. Based on this we discuss strategies for their modulation in chronic wounds and how such strategies can be tailored in ECM-inspired wound dressing. The latter utilize and mimic general principles of ECM-mediated cell control, such as binding and delivery of signaling molecules and direct signaling to cells specifically adapted for macrophage regulation in wounds. In this review, we present examples of most recent approaches and discuss ideas for their further development.
Übersetzen als interkulturelles Handeln
Authors: Liang Yong 
Published: August 2021

Zusammenfassung
Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden einige altbekannte Fragen in der Übersetzungsforschung und -praxis aufgegriffen und aus interkultureller Sicht neu reflektiert. Anhand von exemplarischen Übersetzungen geisteswissenschaftlicher Schlüsselwörter, die in ihrem historischen, soziokulturellen und sprachlichen Kontext sowie im Hinblick auf ihre Verwendung und Wirkung hin analysiert bzw. diskutiert werden, möchten wir der Frage nachgehen, was interkulturell qualifiziertes Übersetzen auszeichnet.