bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly non‐linear and wide‐band mmWave active array OTA linearisation using neural network
Authors: Jalili Feridoon , Zhang Yufeng , Hintsala Markku , Jensen Ole Kiel , Chen Qingyue , Shen Ming , Pedersen Gert Frølund 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes a neural network (NN)‐based over‐the‐air (OTA) linearisation technique for a highly non‐linear and wide‐band mmWave active phased array (APA) transmitter and compares it with the conventional memory polynomial model (MPM)‐based technique. The proposed NN effectively learns the distinctive non‐linear distortions, which may not easily fit to existing MPM solutions, and can, therefore, successfully cope with the challenges introduced by the high non‐linearity and wide bandwidth. The proposed technique has been evaluated using a state‐of‐the‐art 4 × 4 APA operating in highly non‐linear regions at 28 GHz with a 100‐MHz‐wide 3GPP base‐station signal as input. Experimental results show the pre‐distortion signal generated by the NN exhibits the peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) much lower than the one generated by MPM and consequently superior linearisation performance in terms of adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) and error vector magnitude (EVM) for high non‐linearity cases. Using the proposed NN‐based linearisation technique, an improvement of 5‐dB ACLR and 7% points in EVM are achieved, which demonstrates the promising potential of this technique for emerging broadband communication systems such as 5G/6G and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks.
Grid integrated solar energy transfer system with a two‐layer complex coefficient filter‐based control
Authors: Varma P C Renuka , Mukundan C M Nirmal , Pychadathil Jayaprakash , Al‐Durra Ahmed 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, a novel control strategy for grid‐integrated solar energy transfer system (SETS) is proposed which enhances the grid power quality along with active power injection. Some of the conventional grid synchronization controls face problems due to imperfect estimation of fundamental active load current during both grid‐side and load‐side disturbances. The proposed two‐layer multiple‐complex coefficient filter control improves the performance of SETS by accurately estimating the fundamental active load current at adverse operating conditions. One layer extracts the fundamental positive sequence of the sensed three‐phase grid voltages and derives the unit in‐phase voltage templates for grid currents reference generation to achieve unity power factor operation. The second layer evaluates the average active fundamental component of the load currents, and finally derives the reference amplitude of three‐phase grid currents. The two‐stage SETS consists of a quadratic boost DC‐DC converter to extract the maximum solar array power forming an interface between PV array and inverter. It also provides high voltage gain and decreases the length of the PV array string while maintaining a low DC‐link voltage ripple, extending the service life of the SETS. The effect of a nonlinear unbalanced load is nullified and therefore the grid current's waveform quality is maintained in compliance with the IEEE‐519 standard during the dynamic operating conditions. The SETS provides sinusoidal, balanced, and steady grid currents at unity power factor withstanding adverse operating conditions such as distorted grid voltages, varying irradiance and varying unbalanced nonlinear load currents. Due to its flexibility to operate in such adverse conditions, the proposed control based SETS is suitable for grid‐connected applications. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink and results validate the performance of the SETS. The hardware prototype of the proposed SETS is developed and rigorously tested under various operating conditions to validate the proposed claims.
Fault tolerant load frequency sharing of a multi‐area power system using model predictive control
Authors: Saadatinezhad Hadis , Ramezani Amin , Alizadeh Mousa , Hajimalek Elahe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis paper focuses on the load frequency control (LFC) problem in a four‐area interconnected power system with tie‐line failures. As opposed to the traditional robust‐based configuration techniques, which consider the operating parameters modify within a small range, physical failures may lead to critical structural or parametric changes in the LFC system. Consequently, a system parameter‐free fault‐tolerant model‐based predictive control (FTMPC) strategy for LFC is proposed to address the problem. Multiple steps are taken to achieve load frequency control as follows. First, the system is designed to operate normally with each of the three model‐based predictive controls (MPCs), namely centralized, decentralized, and distributed in the same conditions. Next, a tie‐line disconnection fault is added to this system, which changes the configuration of the previously distributed power system. The new configuration depends on the tie‐line that is disconnected. Furthermore, the performance of centralized, decentralized, and distributed MPCs have been compared to each other in different tie‐line disconnections. A new controller is required to maintain reliability and performance in the presence of the fault. Thus, in the final step, an FTMPC is proposed, which has shown acceptable performance in various tie‐line disconnections. The efficacy of the proposed method is verified via numerical simulations.
The Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS)
Authors: Smirnova-Pinchukova I. , Husemann B. , Davis T. A. , Smith C. M. A. , Singha M. , Tremblay G. R. , Klessen R. S. , Powell M. , Connor T. , Baum S. A. , Combes F. , Croom S. M. , Gaspari M. , Neumann J. , O’Dea C. P. , Pérez-Torres M. , Rosario D. J. , Rose T. , Scharwächter J. , Winkel N. 
Published: December 2021

Context.Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are thought to be responsible for the suppression of star formation in massive ∼1010 M⊙galaxies. While this process is a key feature in numerical simulations of galaxy formation, it has not been unambiguously confirmed in observational studies yet.Aims.The characterization of the star formation rate (SFR) in AGN host galaxies is challenging as AGN light contaminates most SFR tracers. Furthermore, the various SFR tracers are sensitive to different timescales of star formation from approximately a few to 100 Myr. We aim to obtain and compare SFR estimates from different tracers for AGN host galaxies in the Close AGN Reference Survey (CARS) to provide new observational insights into the recent SFR history of those systems.Methods.We constructed integrated panchromatic spectral energy distributions to measure the far infrared (FIR) luminosity as a tracer for the recent (< 100 Myr) SFR. In addition we used the integral-field unit observation of the CARS targets to employ the Hαluminosity decontaminated by AGN excitation as a proxy for the current (< 5 Myr) SFR.Results.We find that significant differences in specific SFR of the AGN host galaxies as compared with the larger galaxy population disappear once cold gas mass, in addition to stellar mass, is used to predict the SFR for a specific AGN host. Only a tentative trend with the inclination of the host galaxy remains, such that SFR appears slightly lower than expected when the galaxies of unobscured AGN appear more edge-on along our line-of-sight, particular for dust-insensitive FIR-based SFRs. We identify individual galaxies with a significant difference in their SFR which can be related to a recent enhancement or decline in their SFR history that might be related to various processes including interactions, gas consumption, outflows, and AGN feedback.Conclusions.AGN can be present in various stages of galaxy evolution which makes it difficult to relate the SFR solely to the impact of the AGN. Our study shows that stellar mass alone is an insufficient parameter to estimate the expected SFR of an AGN host galaxy compared to the underlying non-AGN galaxy population. We do not find any strong evidence for a global positive or negative AGN feedback in the CARS sample. However, there is tentative evidence that (1) the relative orientation of the AGN engine with respect to the host galaxies might alter the efficiency of AGN feedback and that (2) the recent SFH is an additional tool to identify rapid changes in galaxy growth driven by the AGN or other processes.
CKD-MBD und sekundärer Hyperparathyreoidismus (Teil 2)
Authors: Hahn Kai , Ketteler Markus 
Published: December 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDer Begriff CKD-MBD (Chronic Kidney Disease – Mineral Bone Disorder) ist seit einigen Jahren für Störungen des Kalzium-Phosphat-Stoffwechsels und der damit verbundenen Risiken für das Mineral-Knochen- und Herz-Kreislauf-System bei chronischen Nierenerkrankungen bekannt. Die Bezeichnung entstand nach einem Paradigmenwechsel in der Pathophysiologie des sekundären Hyperparathyreoidismus und da neue Akteure wie FGF23 und Klotho gefunden wurden, die eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung der Störungen spielen. Das wachsende Verständnis der Zusammenhänge zwischen den neuen Akteuren und Kalzium, Phosphat, Vitamin D und Vitamin K2 sowie der Verkalkung von Gefäßen und Weichteilen beeinflusste unweigerlich unsere Therapien. Dieser zweite Teil des Beitrags verschafft einen Überblick über die Implikationen der neuen pathophysiologischen Erkenntnisse, v. a. im Hinblick auf neue Therapeutika für eine optimale Therapie von Patienten mit CKD-MBD.
Verbitterung und Aggression bei
Psychotherapiepatienten
Authors: Noack Isabel , Heinzel Franziska , Linden Michael 
Published: December 2021

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung  Die Emotion Verbitterung ist jedem Menschen geläufig.
Sie geht mit erheblichem Leid für die Betroffenen und ihre Umwelt
einher, wozu auch dysfunktionales Verhalten und Aggressionsgedanken
gehören. Dies ist auch ein Thema bei Psychotherapiepatienten und sollte
angemessene therapeutische Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Allerdings gibt es zur
Häufigkeit von Verbitterung und assoziierter Aggression bei Patienten in
ambulanter Psychotherapie bislang nur unzureichende Daten.
Material und Methoden  Erwachsene Patienten eines
Verhaltenstherapieinstituts füllten die PTED Skala (Post-Traumatic
Embitterment Disorder Selbstauskunftskala), den K-FAF (Kurzfragebogen zur
Erfassung von Aggressivitätsfaktoren) und die SCL-90-S Skala
(Symptom-Checkliste-90-Standard) aus. Weiterhin standen soziodemografische
Routinedaten zur Verfügung.
Ergebnisse  118 Patienten mit einem Durchschnittsalter von 38 Jahren
(SD=13,3 Jahre; R=18,76 Jahre) nahmen an der Untersuchung teil.
Der Mittelwert der PTED-Skala betrug M=1,8 (SD=0,81;
R=0–3,38). Eine klinisch signifikante Verbitterungssymptomatik
mit einem Cut-off-Wert von M≥2,5 erreichten 22% der
Untersuchten. Der mittlere Summenwert der Aggressivitätsskala (gesamt)
beträgt 30,25 (SD=17,94). 23,7% der Patienten hatten
einen auffälligen reaktiven Aggressivitätswert
(Cut-off≥18,37) und 54,2% der Patienten einen
auffälligen Wert für erregbare Aggressivität
(Cut-off≥14,8). Es konnte ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen der
PTED-Skala und der Aggressivitätsskala (gesamt) (r=0,422,
p<0,001), wie auch in den Unterkategorien „erregbare
Aggressivität“ (r=0,355, p <0,001) und
„reaktive Aggressivität“ (r=0,425,
p<0,001) gefunden werden. Bei Vergleich von Patienten mit
erhöhter Verbitterung, erhöhter Aggression, erhöhter
Verbitterung und Aggression (Komorbiditätsgruppe) und
unauffälligen Patienten hinsichtlich des Grades der psychischen
Belastung fand sich ein höherer Wert in der Komorbiditätsgruppe
im Vergleich zur unauffälligen Gruppe (GSI der SCL-90-S:
f(3,71)=4,00, p=0,011), sowie eine höhere Rate an
Arbeitslosigkeit (Fisher-Test p=0,008). Es fanden sich keine
signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen und sonstigen
soziodemografischen Variablen (Alter, Geschlecht, Familienstand und
Bildung).
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung  Die Daten zeigen, dass Verbitterung und
Aggression im ambulanten psychotherapeutischen Kontext mit relevanter
Häufigkeit vorkommen und theoriekonform miteinander in Verbindung
stehen. Deshalb sollten ambulante Psychotherapiepatienten stets
diesbezüglich befragt werden, um adäquat intervenieren zu
können.
Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation (MIH)
Authors: Kühnisch Jan 
Published: December 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Molaren-Inzisiven-Hypomineralisation (MIH) – auch bekannt unter dem Synonym der Kreidezähne – stellt heute neben der Karies die zweithäufigste Erkrankung an Zähnen im Kindes- und Jugendalter dar. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrages ist es, einerseits den aktuellen Wissensstand zur Häufigkeit und Ätiologie dieser entwicklungsbedingten Strukturstörung zusammenzufassen und andererseits das Spektrum an therapeutischen Maßnahmen zu beschreiben.
Spaltbildungen und deren Therapie
Authors: Christian Pausch Niels , Lethaus Bernd 
Published: December 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGLippen-Kiefer-Gaumen-Spalten stellen insgesamt häufige Fehlbildungen dar. Ihre Versorgung beginnt bereits unmittelbar nach der Geburt und umfasst eine Vielzahl von Behandlungsschritten, welche sich nicht selten bis in das junge Erwachsenenalter hinein erstrecken. Die chirurgische Rehabilitation besteht in der plastischen Korrektur der betroffenen Anteile der Oberlippe, des Hart- und Weichgaumens und der Nase. Häufig ist zusätzlich eine Mittelohrsanierung erforderlich. Begleitend zu den operativen Maßnahmen erfolgen in regelmäßigen Abständen Konsultationen, um gegebenenfalls kieferorthopädische, logopädische, HNO-ärztliche oder auch zahnärztlich-sanierende Behandlungen zu koordinieren. Diese komplexe Betreuung erfordert eine gute Compliance der Betroffenen und Ihrer Eltern und ist nur in einem interdisziplinären Team mit entsprechender Expertise zu realisieren. Die Ergebnisse der Rehabilitation sind heute sehr gut und ermöglichen Betroffenen eine Lebensqualität, welche sich kaum noch von jener anderer Kinder bzw. Jugendlicher unterscheidet.
Tätigkeitsfeld „Sport und
Bewegung“
Authors: Morsch Arne 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungTrotz der hohen Evidenz für die gesundheitliche Wirkungsbreite
körperlicher Aktivität werden Sport und Bewegung immer noch
nicht hinreichend in medizinische Strategien zur Vorbeugung und Behandlung
zentraler Erkrankungsgruppen einbezogen. Grund hierfür ist unter
anderem, dass im Tätigkeitsfeld „Sport und Bewegung“ ein
strukturelles Professionalisierungsdefizit zu konstatieren ist. Mit ihren
Studienangeboten in den Bereichen Prävention, Gesundheit, Fitness und
Sport sowie in der Sport- und Bewegungstherapie leistet die Deutsche Hochschule
für Prävention und Gesundheitsmanagement einen wichtigen Beitrag
zur Qualitätsentwicklung und Professionalisierung dieses
Tätigkeitsfeldes.
Selen in der Prävention
Authors: Stoll Günther 
Published: December 2021

ZusammenfassungDas Spurenelement Selen erfüllt im Zellstoffwechsel wichtige regulatorische Funktionen. Eine Unterversorgung kann das Risiko für viele Erkrankungen wie Schilddrüsenentzündung, Krebs, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen oder Infektionen erhöhen. V. a. virale Infekte sind von Bedeutung, weil ein Selendefizit sowohl zu einer insuffizienten Immunresponse führt als auch zu einer höheren Mutationsrate und Aggressivität der Viren. Erste Ergebnisse aus Studien mit COVID-19-Patienten deuten darauf hin, dass höhere Selenspiegel zu geringeren Infektionsraten und schwächeren Krankheitsverläufen führen. Ein Selenmangel lässt sich nur über eine chemische Analyse, am besten aus Vollblut oder Serum, nachweisen und sollte routinemäßig bestimmt werden. Zum Ausgleich eines Defizits ist anorganisches Natriumselenit zu supplementieren. Paranüsse sind dazu ungeeignet, da ihr Gehalt an organischem Selen stark schwankt, sie häufig mit Aflatoxinen belastet sind und Radium anreichern.
Overview and Algorithmic Approach to Management of Male and Female Pattern Hair Loss
Authors: Singh Mayank , Acharya Aparna 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMale and female pattern hair loss (PHL) is an innocuous condition, but it has a major psychological impact on the sufferer. This paper aims to provide a simple algorithmic approach toward diagnosis, staging, and treatment of PHL in males and females. It also aims at simplifying the decision-making process for the surgeon with regard to timing and extent of procedure for hair transplant surgeries. Various treatment options, their merits and demerits, along with scientific evidence supporting or not supporting the treatment options are discussed in detail.
Role of Genetic Counseling for Patients with Hypospadias and Their Families
Authors: Nordenskjöld Agneta , Holmdahl Gundela 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCongenital malformations often have a genetic background associated with a recurrence risk and may be part of a syndrome. Therefore, for children with a congenital malformation, the parents should be offered genetic counseling, and the child should also be offered the same when they reach adulthood. Hypospadias is a common malformation in boys that arises during genital development in weeks 8 to 16. This results in an underdevelopment of the ventral aspect of the penis with a misplacement of the urethral opening somewhere along the penis, scrotum, or in the perineum and with different degrees of penile curvature. The cause can be monogenic, but generally it is regarded as a complex disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Severe hypospadias and familial cases should be genetically investigated, as for other forms of disorders of sex development, according to current guidelines with sequencing of relevant genes. Hypospadias associated with another independent malformation may be part of a syndrome and should be investigated. Fortunately, boys born with milder hypospadias generally have a good outcome and thus the clinical value of finding a disease-causing mutation appears to be limited especially in light of the present cost of genetic analysis. However, all men born with hypospadias should be advised on the recurrence risk and risk for reduced fertility.
Treatment of Plexiform Neurofibromas with MEK Inhibitors: First Results with a New Therapeutic Option
Authors: Vaassen Pia , Dürr Nikola Reinhard , Rosenbaum Thorsten 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1)-associated plexiform neurofibromas (PN) are peripheral nerve sheath tumors that can significantly affect the quality of life. Until recently, surgery was the only treatment for these tumors. However, in most cases, surgery cannot achieve complete tumor removal and carries a high risk of postoperative deficits. Therefore, the recent approval of the MEK inhibitor selumetinib for the treatment of NF1-associated PN provides a long-awaited novel therapeutic option. Here, we report our experience with MEK inhibitor treatment in 12 pediatric NF1 patients with inoperable symptomatic PN. Eight patients received trametinib (median therapy duration 12.13 months and range 4–29 months), and four patients received selumetinib (median therapy duration 6.25 months and range 4–11 months). Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after 6 months of treatment was available for seven trametinib patients (median tumor volume reduction of 26.5% and range 11.3–55.7%) and two selumetinib patients (21.3% tumor volume reduction in one patient and +3% tumor volume change in the other one). All patients reported clinical benefits such as improved range of motion or reduced disfigurement. Therapy-related adverse events occurred in 58.3% of patients and mainly consisted of skin toxicity, paronychia, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Two patients discontinued trametinib treatment after 14 and 29 months when severe skin toxicity occurred and no further reduction of tumor size was observed. In one patient, discontinuation of therapy resulted in a 27.2% tumor volume increase as demonstrated on volumetric MRI 6 months later. Our data show that MEK inhibition is a novel therapeutic approach for inoperable PN with promising results and a manageable safety profile.
Active Syllable Average Limit 1,000 (音涯一千)
Authors: Kong Jiangping 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper mainly studies phonemic cognitive ability through the databases of living spoken languages in the Sino-Tibetan languages including 20 Chinese dialects, 6 Tibetan dialects, 5 Miao dialects, Mian, Zhuang, Thai, Li, Dai, Yi, Burmese, Zaiwa, and, Achang. The methods of statistics and information entropy and the concepts of the actual syllabic space, the syllabic theoretical space and redundancy rate are used and proposed in this paper. The results show that: (1) statistical methods can be used in the study of phonemic cognition; (2) the actual syllabic space in spoken Sino-Tibetan languages reflects the man’s phonemic cognitive ability; (3) the theoretical syllabic space composed of initial, final, and tone in the Sino-Tibetan languages reflects the dynamic process of a phoneme system in language contact and evolution; (4) a redundancy rate of 60% is the bottom limit in oral communication in the Sino-Tibetan languages. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is that Active Syllable Average Limit 1,000 not only reflects man’s phonemic cognitive ability, but also reflects the interdependence of phonemic cognition and semantic cognition, and reveals an important link in the process of a language chain from semantic to phonemic transformation, which has important theoretical significance in the study of language cognition.
Syllable isochrony and the prosodic features of stop syllables in Cantonese
Authors: Zhang Ling 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCantonese is a syllable-timed language: that is, the syllable is the isochronous unit of speech. However, in Cantonese, there is a type of closed syllable with the stop codas [-p], [-t], or [-k] (i.e. syllables with the so called “entering-tones”) which sound much shorter than other syllables. On the surface, the shorter duration of stop syllables and the general prosodic feature of syllable-isochrony seem to conflict. This study conducted acoustic investigations of stop syllables in Cantonese in different contexts (i.e. in isolated form, in disyllabic words, and in disyllabic words located at the beginning, middle, and final positions of sentences). The results showed that stop syllables alone are shorter than non-stop syllables in various contexts. However, in disyllabic words or in sentences, there is a supplementary lengthening effect immediately after the stop syllables: there is more acoustic blank, and in some circumstances the initial of the following syllable is lengthened. Therefore, we propose that the phonetic realization of syllable isochrony is beyond the syllable itself in Cantonese. The results and discussions of this study may also shed light on the problem of the disappearance of “entering tones” from various Chinese dialects.