bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The P2Y1 Receptor in the Colonic Submucosa of Rats and Its Correlation with Opioid-Induced Constipation
Authors: Zhao Yuqiong , Ren Xiaojie , Li Fan , Jia Binghan , Wang Dengke , Jiao Xuwen , Wang Lixin , li junping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Aims: To explore the expression changes of P2Y1 in the distal colonic submucosa of opioid induced constipation (OIC) rats and its correlation with the occurrence of OIC. Methods: OIC model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of loperamide hydrochloride, a selective agonist of the μ-opioid receptor (MOR). Seven days later, the model was assessing by detecting the fecal traits and calculating the fecal water cotent. The distribution of MOR-containing neurons and P2Y1-containing neurons in colonic submucosal plexus of rat were demonstrated by immunofluorescence histochemistry. Western Blot was used to evaluate the expression changes of MOR, P2Y1 and ATP synthase subunit beta (ATPB) in colonic submucosa, while the RT-PCR analysis was performed to determine the relative mRNA expression of MOR, P2Y1 and ATPB. Results: After seven days, the feces of OIC rats had an appearance of like sausage-shaped pieces, and the fecal water content, stool weight of OIC rats were decreased. Immunofluorescence histochemistry showed the co-expression of MOR and ATPB, P2Y1 and calbindin (CB) in the nerve cells of distal colonic submucosal plexus. RT-PCR showed that MOR mRNA levels were significantly increased in the distal colonic submucosa of OIC rats, while the mRNA levels of P2Y1 were decreased. Western blot results showed that MOR protein expression was increased, and the P2Y1 protein expression was significantly decreased in the distal colonic submucosa of OIC rats.Conclusion: P2Y1 is associated with the occurrence of OIC in rats, and the expression of MOR and P2Y1 and OIC are correlated with each other.
Factors Related to Survival in Intensive Care Unit Patients with Covid-19: A study from a Single Center in Brazil.
Authors: Sardenberg Rodrigo , Roberto Gabriel Antonio , Silva Catarina Marchon , Galvão Andrea Santos , Pinho Daniela Jesus Meireles Ribeiro , Sachelli Tabatta Zambotto , Diniz Gabriela Bezerra Freitas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study is to the present an original research which describes the outcome in 268 ICU consecutive patients in a single center, as well analyzing the effects of viral infection on preexisting medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and how these factors affected survival and hospital stay.Material and methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients included in this study who were admitted to ICU between March 18th 2020 until August 30th 2020. All patients were analyzed under the same protocol at Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, Brazil. Several factors were considered, such as: age, gender, symptoms before hospitalization, comorbidities, vasopressors use, radiological findings and use of high flow nasal catheter. The results were presented using the hazard ratio and its respective 95% confidence intervals. For statistical inferences, p <0.05 was adopted for all analysis.Results: The median age was 72 years, 64,2 years (53-74) for patients who were discharged, and 79.9 years (71.4-88.4) for those deceased (p<0.001). The most common comorbidities associated were: systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes, thyroid disease, cardiovascular and kidney disease. The univariate analysis showed the following factors as predictors of survival: myalgia (p=0.001), cerebrovascular disease (p=0.002), COPD (p=0.003), dementia (p=0.000), the need for mechanical ventilation (p=0.000), dialysis (0.000), vasopressors use (0.000), SAPS3 (0.000), lymphopenia (p=0.004), elevated D-dimer (P=0.011), time in ICU before tracheostomy (p=0.002), and performing a tracheostomy (p=0.000). The independent predictors of mortality were: advanced age (p=0.003); the non-use of vasopressor in the ICU was protective factor (p=0.001); tracheostomy performed in ICU was a mortality predictor (p=0.002).Discussion: COVID-19 affects more older adults and there is also a high fatality rate in this subset of patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the primary cause of death in and around < 5% of patients were reported as experiencing bacterial/fungal coinfection at admission. Our findings support the observations of earlier studies, which found a high percentage of hospitalized patients of advanced age with preexisting conditions, hypertension being the most common.Conclusion: In our analysis, age, the need for vasopressors medications patients who underwent tracheostomy and underlying comorbidities, such as systemic coronary disease, heart failure, neoplasia, COPD, were found to be significantly associated with COVID-19 severity.
A Novel Animal Model for Three-Dimensional Horizontal and Vertical Bone Regeneration Using Osseous Shell Technique: A Pre-clinical In-Vivo Study in Rabbits
Authors: Kamal Mohammad , Al-Obaidly Sara , Lethaus Bernd , Bartella Alexander K. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background:

Bone grafting is commonly used for reconstructing skeletal defects in the craniofacial region. Several bone augmentation models were developed to optimize bone regeneration in both vertical and horizontal dimesions.
Aim:

The aim of this study was to develop a surgical animal model for establishing a three-dimensional (3D) grafting environment in the animal's mandibular ramus for horizontal and vertical bone regeneration using osseous shell technique, as in human patients.
Materials and methods:

Initial osteological and imaging survey were performed on a postmortem skull of a New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit skull, Oryctolagus cuniculus, for feasibility assessment for performing the surgical procedure. 3D osseus defect was created in the mandibular ramus through a submandibular incision and the osseous shell plates were stabilized with osteosynthesis fixation screws and defect filled with particular bone grafting material. The in-vivo surgical procedures were conducted in four 8-week-old NZW rabbits utilising two osseous shell materials: xenogenic human cortical plates, and autogenous rabbit cortical plates, and the created 3D defects were filled using xenograft and allograft bone grafting materials. The healed defects were evaluated for bone regeneration after 12 weeks using histological and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging analysis.
Results:

Clinical analysis at 12 weeks after surgery revealed the stability of the 3D grafted bone augmentation defects using the osseous shell technique. Imaging and histological analyses confirmed the effectiveness of this model in assessing bone regeneration.
Conclusion:

The rabbit model is an efficient and reliable biological method for creating a seizable three-dimensional horizontal and vertical bone regeneration model in the mandibular ramus using osseous shell technique for testing various bone-substitute materials testing without compromising the health of the animal. The filled defects could be analyzed for osteogenesis, quantification of bone formation, and healing potential, using histomorphometric analysis, in addition to 3D morphologic evaluation using radiation imaging.
The Impact of CARA Mandates on Nurse Practitioner Controlled Substance Prescribing in Oregon: A Cohort Study
Authors: Klein Tracy A , Hartung Daniel , Markwardt Sheila 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: In 2017, the United States Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (CARA) expanded authorization to prescribe buprenorphine for opioid use disorder to nurse practitioners (NPs). In contrast to physicians, NPs were required to complete 16 additional hours of training on controlled substance prescribing before a buprenorphine waiver application. As this differential additional education mandate was seen as a potential barrier, we sought to evaluate the impact of this requirement on both waiver acquisition and prescribing of controlled substances, comparing NPs who obtained waivers to those who had not.Methods: Through 2016-2018 Oregon Prescription Drug Monitoring Program and linked NP licensure data, we identify factors associated with waiver acquisition at baseline (2016), and evaluated changes in controlled substance prescribing before (2016) and after waiver acquisition (2018). Using chi-square and Mann-Whitny U testing, we calculated and described controlled substance prescribing types, rates, and patient level quantities including co-prescribing of benzodiazepines and opioids by NPs. Multivariable linear regression compared prescribing by waivered and non-waivered NPs for significant changes in non-buprenorphine controlled substance prescribing.Results: Waivered NPs were more likely to have a psychiatric certification, have prior disciplinary action, and have generally higher levels of non-buprenorphine controlled substance prescribing than their non-waivered counterparts.. While there was a significant increase in opioid prescriptions per patient among waivered NPs, following CARA implementation, co-prescribing of benzodiazepines and opioids significantly declined among waivered NPs relative to non-waivered NPsConclusions: Although educational requirements were rescinded in 2021 for most applicants, enhanced opioid prescribing training should be incorporated into professional educational offerings regardless of regulatory mandate. We recommended continued focus on education regarding avoidance of high risk prescribing such as co-prescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines. NPs who acquire waivers may take on higher risk patients who are already using opioids and these findings may represent transitions in practice and patient setting.
Anti-dripping flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polylactide/ammonium polyphosphate/rayon fiber composites
Authors: Cheng Kuo-Chung , Wan Tsung-Chieh , Kang Chung-Yu , Tseng Sheng-Mao 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Polylactide (PLA) composites containing a flame retadant, ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and short rayon fiber were prepared by direct melting compounding in a brabender. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of the neat PLA sample was only 20.5%, which was increased to 29% by adding 15 wt% APP and 15% rayon to the PLA matrix (sample A15R15) as an example. During the UL-94 vertical flammability test, flame dripping was further avoided by adding the rayon fiber, and a V-0 rating was achieved. The char residue determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) increased with increasing APP content in the PLA composites. However, the PLA composite revealed a loss in mechanical tensile modulus and strength due to the APP addition, which was improved when rayon fiber was added to replace a portion of APP.
Multi-performance Target Collaborative Optimization Methods for Battery Electric Vehicle
Authors: Yawei Chen , Qian Chen , Jurui Liu , Xixiang Hao , Chenheng Yuan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The present studies on battery electric vehicles (BEVs) has mainly focused on the single-objective or weighted multi-objective optimization based on energy management, which can not manifest the coupling relationship among the vehicle performance objectives essentially. To optimize the handling stability, ride comfort and economy of BEV, this paper built the stability dynamics analysis model, ride comfort simulation half-car model and power consumption calculation model of BEV, as well as two-point virtual random excitation model on Level B road and proposed related evaluation indexes, including vehicle handling stability factor, weighted acceleration root-mean-square (RMS) value of vertical vibration at the driver’s seat and power consumption per 100 m at a constant speed. The Pareto optimum principle–based multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) of BEV was also designed, which was encoded with real numbers and obtained the target values of all optional schemes via MATLAB/Simulink simulation software. The merits and demerits of alternative schemes could be judged according to the Pareto dominance principle, so that alternative schemes obtained after optimization were realizable. The results of simulation experiment suggest that the proposed algorithm can perform the multi-objective optimization on BEV, and obtain a group of Pareto optimum solutions featured by high handling stability, favorable ride comfort and low energy consumption for the decision-makers.
Factors Associated with Social Avoidance of Recovered COVID-19 Patients in Iran: A National Study
Authors: Aghamolaei Teamur , Mohseni Shokrollah , alavi Azin , chalak mohammed hossein , Takhti Hesamaddin Kamalzadeh , Ranaei vahid , dadipoor sakineh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Misconceptions about the infection and health consequences of recovered Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients often lead to a fear, social avoidance and discriminatory attitude. The present study explored the Factors associated with social avoidance and job-related discriminatory attitude against recovered COVID-19 patients. Methods: The present cross-sectional online study was conducted on 3,836 Iranian participants above 15 years old. The participant selected conveniently between February 19, 2021 and May 21, 2021. The data collected using a reliable and valid questionnaire that developed by research team. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify the impact of factors related to social discrimination and discriminatory attitudes towards improved COVID-19 patients. Results: The results shows 56.72 and 49.06% of the population had social avoidance and job-related discriminatory attitude respectively. Furthermore, age, gender, education level, marital status, employment, presence of a recovered COVID-19 patient in family and place of residence were significant factors influencing social avoidance and job-related discriminatory attitude. As an instance, those in the 45-64 age group showed 1.1 times more social avoidance than the 20-29 age group. Also, men showed 37% less social avoidance than women. Social avoidance was significantly higher and the discriminatory attitude was higher in participants of lower education level. Besides, the job-related discriminatory attitude was 1.2 times higher in the 45-64 than the 20-29 age group. The discriminatory attitude was 16% less in men, 39%, 25% and 49% less, respectively in participants with a secondary school, diploma or university degree.Conclusions: To reduce social avoidance and job-related discriminatory attitude we suggest that the medical sector and relevant organizations provide clear and comprehensive information about improved COVID-19 patients to their families and general public through direct communication and the mass media. Base on the study results they need more focus on urban residents, women and families with a recovered member
Squamous cell carcinoma transformed from the prostatic adenocarcinoma with endocrine therapy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Song Shizhang , Jiang Bo , Hou Sichuan , Huang Xingang , Li Chunmei , Liu Zhijun 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
BackgroundSquamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the prostate is a very rare and highly aggressive tumor, which is insensitive to multiple treatments, prone to metastasis, and has a worse prognosis than adenocarcinoma of the prostate. However, a transformation of prostatic adenocarcinoma into squamous cell carcinoma is rarer and may occur after endocrine or radiotherapy. By now, there are few cases in the world about the transformation from adenocarcinoma into squamous cell carcinoma after treatment. To our knowledge, our case is the first reported in China.Case presentationA 67-year-old man with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate for 2 years, was not suitable for radical prostatectomy due to the disease classified T4N1M1. Endocrine therapy using Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH) analog (leuprorelin) and antiandrogen agent (bicalutamide) was started, and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level gradually decreased to a nadir of 0.04ng/ml. 2 years after treatment, he complained of worsening of lower urinary tract symptoms, and then he underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Histopathological examination confirmed most of the tissue areas were accompanied by poorly differentiated keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. Now, the patient started docetaxel treatment. He has received 2 times of systemic chemotherapy. The patient's current general condition is fair.ConclusionsProstatic adenocarcinoma transformed into squamous cell carcinoma after endocrine therapy is very rare. However, the serum PSA of this tumor is probably normal, PSA and the Gleason grading system are of limited value in the diagnosis of SCC, histopathological can help its diagnosis. The transformation is silent and we cannot know it. The question of whether prostatic adenocarcinoma or SCC of the prostate requires more definitive research to answer.
Correlation Between SMADs and Colorectal Cancer Expression, Prognosis, and Immune Infiltrates
Authors: Ding Ning , Luo Hongbiao , Zhang Tao , Peng Tianshu , Yao Yanru , He Yongheng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: In current years, the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) are increasing, and the 5-year survival rate of advanced metastatic CRC is poor. The Small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) superfamily is an intracellular signal transduction protein associated with the development and prognosis of a variety of tumors. At present, no study has systematically analyzed the relationship between SMADs and CRC.Methods: Here, R3.6.3 was used to analyze the expression of SMADs in pan-cancer and CRC. Protein expression of SMADs were analyzed by HPA. GEPIA was used to evaluate the correlation between SMADs and tumor stage in CRC. The effect of R language and GEPIA on prognosis was analyzed. Mutation rates of SMADs in CRC were determined by c-BioPortal and potentially related genes were predicted using GeneMANIA. R analysis was used for correlation with immune cell infiltration in CRC.Results: Both SMAD1 and SMAD2 were found to be weak expression in CRC and correlated with immune invasion level. SMAD1 was correlated with patient prognosis, and SMAD2 was correlated with tumor stage. SMAD3, SMAD4 and SMAD7 were all low expressed in CRC and associated with a variety of immune cells. SMAD3 and SMAD4 proteins were also low expressed, and SMAD4 had the highest mutation rate. SMAD5 and SMAD6 were overexpressed in CRC, and SMAD6 was also associated with patient OS and CD8+ T cells, macrophages and neutrophils. Conclusions: Our results reveal innovative and strong evidence that SMADs can be used as biomarkers for the treatment and prognosis of CRC.
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of the Shogi-assisted Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (S-CBT) Preventive Stress Management Program
Authors: Furukawa Hirokazu , NODA Shota , KITASHIMA Chiho , OMINE Manami , FUKUMOTO Takumi , ONO Hitomi , OHARA Aya , NAKAO Mutsuhiro 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background: Shogi is a traditional board game in Japan, and a preventative stress management program based on Shogi-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy (S-CBT) has been applied in the Japanese municipality of Kakogawa City. The study aimed to develop an S-CBT preventive stress management program for the elderly and determine its efficacy.Methods: The participants were 67 elderly men with amateur-level Shogi skills. They were randomly assigned to either the S-CBT group (n = 33) or the waiting-list control group (n = 34). The S-CBT program was conducted over six 90-min sessions. The outcome measures were recorded using the K6 instrument, the Japanese version of the abbreviated Lubben Social Network Scale, five items on cognitive behavioral functioning, and subjective well-being.Results and Conclusions: The dropout rates of the S-CBT group and waiting-list control groups were 36.4% and 44.1%, respectively. Effect sizes (Cohen’s d) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each group. Domains that changed immediately after the S-CBT intervention were problem-solving skills, self-reinforcement, and negative automatic thoughts. Future research should promote mental and physical health through the design of intervention programs using familiar materials.Trial registration: University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN CTR) UMIN000036003.
Hierarchical Model of Multi-level Index to Assess Local Resilience Capability in COVID-19
Authors: Deng Qing , Luo Li , Zhang Hui , Chen Tianmu , Wang Yeping , Wang Xiaoye , Wang Wei , Li Qun , NIU Yan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Globally, there have been 212,544,565 confirmed cases of Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including 4,441,428 deaths by 24 August 2021, reported to WHO. Facing the global pandemic of COVID-19, countries and regions have implemented different policies and taken different non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) according to their own circumstances. However, the quantitative assessment of national policies and local resilience capabilities is a huge challenge.MethodsIn order to assess interventions and improve local resilience from a comprehensive perspective, this study aims to establish a multi-dimensional and dynamic prevention and control system. The main body of the system is an index system. To make our evaluation system more scientific and useful, the comparative study with several widely used tools or lessons is conducted to report what they have done. Then analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to set up the framework under the concept of a multi-level strategy of public health management. Indicators in the system are determined by literature research and expert interviews.ResultsEmergency capability assessment includes building a well-established system, execution of the system, and measurement. The well-established system exhibits several characteristics: 1) considering indicators about whole-of-society involvement, including country-, city-, local community- and individual-level; 2) improving capability at multi-phases, from the preparedness ability to response ability; 3) at both policy level and implementation level. Categories of containment and closure, response in economic system, and response in public health system constitute the main body of the framework. The well-established system does not necessarily apply to all scenarios, and the actual situation should be taken into consideration in the process of implementation/execution. At the stage of measurement, the case of Wuhan/Hubei response is introduced to implement and test our system. Empirical researches will be conducted to verify the index system quantitatively in our future research. ConclusionsOur index system can assess national policies and capabilities quantitatively. When enough data are available, it will become a tool to assess the local resilience capability for countries or regions.