bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of MIL-101(Cr) Metal Organic Framework by Green Synthesis for CO2 Gas Adsorption
Authors: Ho Pui San , Chong Kok Chung , Lai Soon Onn , Mah Shee Keat , Lee Sze Shin , Lu Shih-Yuan , Lau Woei Jye , Ooi Boon Seng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Global warming issue due to the excessive carbon dioxide gas emission have raised strong interest in capturing or reducing the CO2 from flue gas or atmosphere. Physisorption-based CO2 capture applying the metal organic framework (MOF) provides a promising alternative for capturing CO2 due to the simplicity, low operating cost, and low energy requirement of the adsorption approach combined with the high CO2 adsorption capacity MOF material. In this study, a series of Chromium based MIL MOF with a variety molar ratio of chromium metal to 1,4-Benzene Dicarboxylate (BDC) organic linker were prepared via the solvent-free method (mechanochemical) to develop a clean and efficient way of synthesising MOF samples as promising CO2 adsorbents. The XRD results and FTIR spectra have confirmed the successful fabrication of MIL-101(Cr) MOF using the solvent-free method. The SEM images illustrated fine growth of irregular shaped coarse particles for Cr MOF with equal mole ratio of Cr to BDC. The MIL-101(Cr) samples were also tested on their CO2 adsorption capacity to understand the influence of molar ratio of the starting materials on the CO2 adsorption capacity. It was found that the MIL-101(Cr)1 led to the formation of a product with the highest CO2 uptake capacity of 18.78 mmol/g. In contrast, the EDS analysis result revealed that all the samples synthesised in this work were well incorporated with the Chromium element. It is therefore suggested that the molar ratio of Cr to BDC plays a critical role in determining the CO2 gas adsorption capacity.
A data structures for purpose of the BIM-based Life Cycle Assessment: A review and theoretical background
Authors: Brandtner M , Venkrbec V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the data structure for the purpose of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of buildings using the Building Information Model (BIM). Construction industry produces a significant amount of waste and on the other hand the capacities of landfills are almost filled. It is necessary to deal with the effective use of materials that have already been used and have potential to be reused again. LCA is a method that can be used to demonstrate the suitability of proposed materials, structures or buildings in terms of their whole life cycle and its environmental impact. BIM includes, in addition to geometry, the information part. This data can be used for life cycle inventory (LCI) and then for the assessment itself. The aim of the article is to analyse previous approaches and define which data structure is necessary to be obtained from the BIM model for the LCI purpose of a specific material. The proposed methodology of the data recognition and selection is based on data structure of non-graphical database called SNIM, which was developed for the Czech construction environment. The article is also focused on the theoretical background of the newly developed classification system Construction Classification International (CCI).
The level of detail for 4D BIM modeling
Authors: Nechyporchuk Y , Baskova R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
4D modeling has been actively developing over the past decade along with the progress of BIM implementation. 4D model can provide enhanced early decisions about the space-temporal criticality of work elements. This models is a collection of graphical and scheduling information about an object. These inputs can have different levels of detail (LOD). In creating and using BIM projects, the LOD of datasets is an important aspect. However, to date there is limited research thoroughly investigating the issue of LOD within 4D models. The article provides an overview of studies related to the level of detail for 4D models, and also describes the impact of LOD on the final 4D model.
Insulation of historic buildings and case study simulation
Authors: Hutkai K , Katunský D 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article deals with the historic buildings and their insulation. It is generally known that classical thermal insulation of walls from the outside is not permissible due to the cultural value of historic facades. Compared to external insulation solutions, the implementation of internal insulation is more technically complex and faces several risks. In the article is devoted the chapter which deals with the aim of the application of internal insulation in historic buildings. There are mentioned risks associated with the application of internal insulation, which are related to the thermal-humidity behaviour of the structure. One chapter is devoted to faults that may occur after the application of internal insulation. These disorders have a building-physical character and also affect the hygienic criteria of the building. The larger chapter deals with insulating materials suitable for the purposes of interior insulation of historic buildings. The results of a case study from Dublin and Košice are also presented, where the thermal-humidity behaviour of selected thermal insulation materials was investigated. The results of moisture content and surface temperature before and after application of insulating materials are compared.
Analysis of technical solutions of stacks in high-rise buildings
Authors: Sokol M , Peráčková J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, due to the maximum use of building lands, high-rise buildings in the cities are coming to the forefront of construction. A high-rise building is a building that, due to its height, requires a different technical, technological and structural design. Due to the increasing floors of buildings, more and more demands are placed on sanitary installations in terms of hygiene and quality of distribution. With the drainage in a high-rise building, the biggest problem arises in the design of stacks, which must be given individual attention. Foul water stacks must be designed in such a way that the overpressure and negative pressure created in them do not cause the extraction of water from traps and thus the spread of unpleasant smell in the building. Fluctuations in the pressure in stacks are influenced by many other factors, such as the method of venting of the stack, the fitting used on the stack, or the transition of the stack to the drain. When dimensioning stacks in addition to the correct design, it is also necessary to use a suitable system, which significantly affects the investment costs. A properly chosen system can save a lot of money that could arise from excessive dimensions, unnecessary fire protection systems, or anchorages. The paper deals with a theoretical analysis of modern technical solutions that positively affect pressure fluctuations in waste water pipes in high-rise buildings.
Opportunities for rehabilitation of facades of historic buildings in Moldova with limestone elements
Authors: Albu D C , Lesan A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Most buildings of historical and architectural value located in the Republic of Moldova are built of limestone or brick. The facades are decorated with columns, semi-columns and pilasters, balusters, bas-relief, and consoles. The degradation of historic buildings over time leads to the need for rehabilitation and restoration. Often privately owned buildings are repaired with the application of modern materials without taking into account the original materials, without researching the original elements and materials. Authentic decorative elements are replaced by polyurethane foam elements, which due to their easy installation and relatively low cost, can significantly reduce the financial costs of finishing and decorating facades. The interior walls of the brick are covered with plasterboard. The exterior walls of limestone are plastered with cement-based mortar instead of lime-based mortar. In some cases, the walls were covered with polystyrene. All these replacements reduce the architectural and historical value of the buildings lead to the loss of their authenticity. In order to preserve the value of historic buildings, it is necessary to use local materials. This research examines the possibilities of using limestone both for the rehabilitation of masonry and for the restoration of the decorative elements of buildings built in the XVIII-XX centuries.
IoT and 5G enabled construction detection model
Authors: Begić H 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) introduced positive changes to some industries, while for most construction industries it is still enthusiastically anticipated. The 4IR focusing on the construction industry in literature is known as Construction 4.0. The Construction 4.0 concept is invoked to transform the current ways the construction industry operates while ensuring benefits, such as reduced overall construction projects’ costs and duration, improved quality and work safety, etc. Due to the increasing web usage, it is anticipated that the 4IR technologies will achieve full potentials by the uprising of the fifth generation technology standard for broadband cellular networks (i.e. 5G). One of the most important 4IR technologies is found to be the Internet of Things (IoT). In this perspective, a construction monitoring approach, more precisely a model for construction detection and object spatial/time positioning, is presented in this paper. While still in its initial phase, the model was tested and verified in the laboratory environment for small-scale object detection. It was found that the quality of the model will be significantly improved with the use of the 5G network, while the objects’ pool, as big data required for the model’s deep learning, is highly dependent on the IoT.
Comparison of the planned and actual course of construction of reinforced concrete monolithic structures
Authors: Doubek R 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDuring construction, there is often a change in contractual terms, either in advance of construction or delayed construction. This phenomenon is due to many influencing factors such as delayed subcontracting, climatic conditions, the surrounding construction site, the quality of project documentation, the solvency of the investor, the expertise of the general contractor, etc. The aim of the paper is to assess the planned and actual construction of reinforced concrete monolithic structural elements using tower cranes. The subject of the paper is to state the expected method of implementation in time and how the construction proceeded. Milestones for accelerating and slowing down construction, analyzing their causes and proposing future measures will be presented. Data are obtained by measuring real buildings.
Management of health and safety on building site using smart technologies
Authors: Husovská A , Struková Z 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The construction industry is a dynamic manufacturing sector whose major problem is occupational safety and its management. There are various information and communication technologies or applications that can improve health and safety status. Their use gives every company management a great advantage to become more competitive in the construction trade. The presented article deals with smart phones and related applications as a type of technologies that can be easily used to improve health and safety performance in our conditions. The aim of the article is to present the advantages and benefits of this technology for increasing safety on construction sites. The presented results confirm the trend of efficient processing of the obtained information using ICT technologies. They intensify the safety management process and help staff to handle unpredictable dangerous incidents and contribute to the successful management of the whole construction site.
Sustainability of material solutions of modern methods of construction
Authors: Mokrenko D , Kozlovská M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the last decade, the construction industry has been going through a technological revolution known as Construction 4.0. This progress has brought digitization, automation, virtual reality, 3D printing and prefabrication to production. Prefabrication is the basic solution of most Modern Methods of Construction (MMC), thanks to which construction is faster, safer, better quality and with a lower impact on the environment. MMC design solutions can include volumetric, panel, hybrid systems, parts and components bat also on-site innovative technologies. From the point of the sustainability, material solutions of MMC are also very important and open the potential for their innovations. The aim of this article is to explore the possibilities of higher use of composite materials and mixtures, preferably with an emphasis on more environmentally friendly and recycled materials.
Carbon footprint of selected building structures
Authors: Budajová J 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In general, we can call the carbon footprint as emissions of gases that affect the Earth’s climate, while being used by humans. The impact of construction, building materials, structures, or the overall life cycle of a building on the environment is great. Sustainable architecture is gaining more prominence, using reduced carbon footprint. Today’s construction industry is increasingly moving towards sustainable construction, which is constantly being formed. The great weather fluctuations that take place from day to day are forcing us to reduce our greenhouse gas emissions. The global warming potential GWP (global warming potential) caused by these greenhouse gas emissions is increased to carbon dioxide CO2 and expressed as carbon dioxide equivalent CO2eq. Using GWP we can determine the carbon footprint of a product. The aim of this paper is to change the three compositions of the perimeter walls using LCA analysis (life cycle assessment) and to choose the composition that has the best carbon footprint and is therefore more advantageous. The need for a sustainable built environment is urgent due to its positive impact on the environment.
Assessment of streamflows in the Hornád river basin and analysis of trends
Authors: Nagy P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Climate change is a global phenomenon. The more frequent occurrence of dry periods, which last longer but also extreme rainfall, needs to be reduced for better water management. During the dry season, the quantity and quality of surface and groundwater decreases. Water is important for agriculture, agriculture and ecosystems. This study was focused on the occurrence of trends in daily flows in the Hornád basin at selected hydrological stations for the period 1960-2011. The Mann-Kendall trend test is used to evaluate trends in hydrometeorological time series.
Methods for identifying non-value-adding activities in construction processes
Authors: Klosova D , Kozlovská M 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Construction projects are characterized by low productivity due to many wasteful activities in construction processes. Wasteful or non-value-adding activities result in quality and profit loss in many construction projects. Consequently, construction needs more effective strategies for process innovation at all stages of the construction project life cycle. Analysis of the current state has shown the possibilities of improving construction processes through the implementation of technologies, methods and procedures of lean construction. Such improvements can help increase the efficiency and productivity of construction projects. Therefore, it is necessary to promote more effective construction waste management by identifying the causes of non-value-adding activities during the construction phase, and apply the gained data to eliminate wastes during the planning phase. The paper presents the most appropriate technologies and methods for collecting data on non-value-adding activities.
Experimental verification referring to the new shape of the perforated steel strip
Authors: Petrík A 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Perforated steel strips are used as reliable shear connectors many years. During this time, many different shapes of the openings or recesses were developed to improve the durability and resistance of the shear connection. Behaviour of these strips were mainly verified by experimental research, but many parameters could not be measured. Numerical analysis provides not only easy and fast way of testing the behaviour of specimens, but also the possibility to improve the geometry of the strips. Modified steel strips can be deeply investigated in simulations and subsequently verified by push-out tests in laboratories. The combination of these two methods can bring the spectrum of the information that can complexly describe the behaviour, durability and also the weak points of the shear connection, especially in case of the new or modified shape.
Measurement of the runoff coefficient of extensive greenroof
Authors: Vystrčil J , Nespešný O , Šuhajda K , Bečkovský D , Selník P 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Describes the procedure of experimental measurement of the runoff coefficient C, both of individual layers and the entire composition extensive green roofs. Experimental measurements make it possible to determine the reference behaviour of runoff characteristics, namely runoff coefficient C, with emphasis on the simulation of the real behaviour of extensive green roofs. The aim is an elementary description of the structural and physical behaviour of extensive green roofs. For the needs of experimental measurement, the dimensional and shape limits of test specimens are described, the conditions for conditioning of individual specimens, the boundary conditions of execution and individual steps of the experiment. Then is specified the method of evaluation and subsequent verification of measured data. The result of the experimental measurement is the amount of drained water from the tested specimens of the extensive green roof at time t, which shows a nonlinear behaviour. From the set of measured data, it is then possible to predict the behaviour of extensive green roofs in real conditions and to determine the runoff coefficient C of the tested specimens. These data represent reference values for the subsequent design of sub-elements and structures of buildings.
Preparation of triclinic alite with short soakings in a small experimental high-temperature furnace
Authors: Ravaszová S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The article deals with a laboratory preparation of triclinic modification of clinker mineral tricalcium silicate. A substantial part of the article is devoted to the technology and technique of firing a sample of tricalcium silicate, which would in the future allow the study of the development of the crystal lattice structure of this clinker mineral at short isothermal durations, in the order of minutes. As part of the research, a small high-temperature experimental furnace was designed and constructed. Based on the results, we can express the suitability and applicability of this furnace for the study of the formation of triclinic tricalcium silicate at short soakings.
Effect of the number and arrangement of inclusions on the strength of concrete specimens
Authors: Kovac M , Kusnir S 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In concrete structures, we identify deformation fields of nodes with applied concentrated stress, which are accompanied by a change in the density and shape of force trajectories. These changes are caused by the presence of large grains of aggregate and/or reinforcing bars (inclusions) in the concrete, clumps of grains of normal size, or the presence of a cavern around the grain of the aggregate. These internal imperfections are among the important parameters that affect the failure process of concrete test specimens, and thus the initiation and development of cracks in concrete and can have a negative impact on the strength of concrete elements. This paper deals with the influence of the number of inclusions in their symmetrical arrangement on a series of test specimens of three different sizes, which are subjected to uniaxial compression. Attention is paid to the selection of a suitable standardization parameter, which will consider the different quality of concrete test specimens
Influence of time intervals of microwave drying of masonry on the final result of drying
Authors: Kvapilová V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
In the area of drying damp masonry, we already know the discussed method of microwave drying. This method is indestructive, which is why it is considered to be used for listed heritage buildings. Even though there was much research done already on this topic, we are still missing answers for some questions regarding particular methodological procedures. This contribution is focused on the impact of time intervals of microwave drying on the final result of masonry drying. The experiment was done on historical masonry of CPP and on ceramic masonry. Two laboratory samples were made out of each type of masonry, to which we applied microwave drying in different time intervals. Difference was in both time of drying and time of pauses between them. The aim was to set an ideal interval of drying.
Application of critical shear crack theory on punching of flat slabs
Authors: Sarvaicova S , Borzovic V 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This article deals with the punching capacity of a flat slab fragment supported by an internal atypically elongated column. Based on the results of this analysis and the application of Critical Shear Crack Theory, the reliability of two design models was determined. The CSCT model is a mechanical model where the shear force transferred by concrete in shear crack can be determined by accounting for the roughness and opening of a critical shear crack. The crack width is proportional to the slab rotation, which was obtained from a nonlinear program Atena and from experimental test and shear capacity was obtained by integrating the shear strength along the control perimeter. The aim of this analysis was to compare the application of CSCT in non-linear analysis and experimental test to point out the significant difference between obtained results, which shows the importance of experimental tests realization. Non-linear analyses provided unsafe results. Contrary the currently used EC2 model provided safe results when reduction of the control perimeter was applied. The best results were obtained in a combination of the CSCT model with measured rotations of the slab specimen.
The influence of signal noise to measurements at bridge structure
Authors: Štecák R 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Bridge weight-in-motion (BWIM) system is a method, that provides to identify axle weights. It is a non-destructive method, which allows not only to identify the axle weight, but it can show current shape of the structure, so it has a great potential. There are various methods to do measurements for this system. Mostly, accelerometers or strain gauge are used. Signal noise has significant effects to the results. It could be resonance of the bridge, wind, defect at the support system, defect at the roadway, etc. It is necessary to filter all this effects, to get clear data. There are many ways to do the filtering. Digital filters allow it. Sometimes, this type of filtering could remove important data about the crossing of the vehicle. It could generate inaccuracy of the whole system and create major errors to identified vehicles. It is necessary to find the optimal way, to keep important data and remove all dynamic noise. This paper will investigate the previously mentioned problems. Measurements will be accomplished on a small-scale model of the bridge. Vehicle will be crossing over the bridge, while the bridge will be awakened to the first vibration shape and other frequencies, that will have a great impact to the measurements.