bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypothalamus–pituitary axis transcriptomic modification dependent on growth rate in geese (Anser anser domesticus)
Authors: Piórkowska Katarzyna , Żukowski Kacper , Połtowicz Katarzyna , Witarski Wojciech , Nowak Joanna , Potocka Paulina , Ropka‐Molik Katarzyna 
Published: October 2021

SummaryThe hypothalamus–pituitary axis is involved in digest processing, stress response, energy storage and many other processes. In birds, this control differs from in mammals, such as regulation of appetite and satiety centre. The transcriptomics analyses of both brain structures can explain and identify the molecular processes related to body growth and development and nutritional status. Many reports describe chicken transcriptome in literature, but gene expression studies in the other poultry species are extremely rare. Therefore, the present research undertook the attempt to explain hypothalamus–pituitary processes in domestic geese—Polish White Kołuda®, main Polish line. After 16 weeks of fattening, significant differences in geese weight were observed. Therefore, transcriptome of pituitary and hypothalamus profiles could be compared between low and high growth rate geese groups. Due to the lack of domestic geese genome assembly in the public databases, we used three mapping approaches: de novo analysis, mapping to two other pink‐footed and swan geese genomes. The functional examination showed that the most enriched biological process in the geese hypothalamus covered the immune response. Moreover, in the hypothalamus, proteins typical for the pituitary such as PRL and GH were differentially expressed (DE). Our study recommends one gene as a candidate for growth rate in geese—the FOS gene, which encodes Fos proto‐oncogene—DE in both analysed tissues. The FOS gene is involved in regulating feeding behaviour, immune regulation, stimulating cellular proliferation and controlling growth hormone synthesis. Moreover, the present investigation indicates DE genes involved in gene expression regulation. The study delivers new information about the changes in the pituitary–hypothalamic axis in geese dependent on growth rate differences.
Changes in incidence and severity of visual impairment due to glaucoma during 40 years – a register‐based study in Finland
Authors: Vaajanen Anu , Purola Petri , Ojamo Matti , Gissler Mika , Uusitalo Hannu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPurposeTo report the incidence and severity of reported visual impairment (VI) due to glaucoma and the changes in them during the past 40 years in Finland.MethodsA register‐based study, in which the data were collected from the Finnish Register of Visual Impairment between 1980 and 2019. These data included 5819 visually impaired glaucoma patients, of which 61% were female. Visual impairment (VI) was classified according to the Finnish national definitions. The number of treated glaucoma patients in Finland was calculated using glaucoma medication reimbursement data available between 1986 and 2019 from the Social Insurance Institution of Finland registers.ResultsThe incidence of reported VI due to glaucoma per 100 000 persons had increased from 2.3 in the 1980s to 3.4 in the 2010s. During the same time period, the incidence of reported VI per 10 000 treated glaucoma patients had decreased from 32 in the 1980s to 21 in the 2010s. Primary open‐angle glaucoma (45%) was the main subtype for reported VI due to glaucoma. During the 40 years, the proportion of mild VI and the age at the onset of reported VI had increased.ConclusionThe incidence of reported VI due to glaucoma has increased during the 40 years, but the risk of treated glaucoma patients becoming visually impaired has decreased. Visual impairment (VI) also occurs at an older age. This is likely due to the earlier diagnoses and improved therapy. To prevent the unfavourable development of VI due to glaucoma among the ageing population in the future, all attempts need to be made to improve glaucoma care.
Systematic review with meta‐analysis: the prevalence of post‐colonoscopy colorectal cancers using the World Endoscopy Organization nomenclature
Authors: Kang James H.‐E. , Evans Nicole , Singh Siddharth , Samadder Niloy J. , Lee Jeffrey K. 
Published: September 2021

SummaryIntroductionPost‐colonoscopy colorectal cancers (PCCRCs) have been proposed as a performance metric for colonoscopy quality assurance programs. Previously, there was no standardised terminology or reporting methods. In 2018, the World Endoscopy Organization (WEO) advised standardised definitions and prevalence calculation methodology.AimsTo assess PCCRC burden using WEO standardised methods, to explore causes of heterogeneity, and to review changes in prevalence over timeMethodsWe updated a prior systematic review by searching Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from 1 January 2013 to 31 January 2021 to identify population‐based studies (or multicentre studies representative of the local population) reporting PCCRC prevalence (PROSPERO [CRD42020183796]). Two authors independently determined study eligibility, assessed quality, and extracted data. We estimated the PCCRC 3‐year prevalence using WEO‐recommended methodologies and investigated between‐study sources of heterogeneity. We examined changes in prevalence over time.ResultsFifteen studies reporting on 25 872 PCCRC cases met eligibility criteria. Pooled PCCRC 3 year prevalence was 8.2% (95% CI = 6.9%‐9.4%, I2 = 98.2%) across four European studies using WEO precise methodology. Proximal PCCRC prevalence was greater than distal (9.7% [95% CI = 7.0%‐12.4%] vs 5.4% [95% CI = 2.9%‐7.8%], I2 = 99.2%). Seven studies reporting PCCRC rates over time showed no consistent trend: four showed a decrease, one an increase and two were unchanged. Between‐study heterogeneity was high.ConclusionsPooled 3‐year PCCRC prevalence was 8.2% (95% CI = 6.9%‐9.4%). Despite WEO standardised methodology to define and calculate PCCRC rates, there was significant heterogeneity among studies. Comparing rates between populations remains challenging and additional studies are needed to better understand the global PCCRC burden to inform quality assurance programs.
Shifts to Global Development: Is this a reframing of power, agency, and progress?
Authors: Hope Jessica , Freeman Cordelia , Maclean Kate , Pande Raksha , Sou Gemma 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis special section on global development has been developed from a conference roundtable event run by the Development Geographies Research Group of the Royal Geographical Society. In this special section, we (some of the committee) introduce the four papers and their critical contributions to emerging debates. These extend early work on how the “global” is being made, focusing on the projects of multilateral development agencies and state institutions to examine how (and whether) the rebranding of “international development” as “global development” constitutes a shift in thinking and practice. Together, the papers draw our attention to the considerable opportunities and implications that this reframing offers, while highlighting that critical attention is required as to how that framing is deployed and by whom. They reveal disparity between global development as a much‐needed reframing of power, agency, and progress and global development as produced by mainstream development actors and interventions, necessitating more critical research into how this normative agenda is adopted and enacted in dominant policy and practice.
Sexual dysfunction in women with type 1 diabetes in Norway: A cross‐sectional study on the prevalence and associations with physical and psychosocial complications
Authors: Haugstvedt Anne , Jørgensen Jannike , Strandberg Ragnhild B. , Nilsen Roy M. , Haugstvedt Jakob F. , Pop‐Busui Rodica , Søfteland Eirik 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo estimate the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) compared with women without diabetes and to analyse associations between sexual dysfunction and the presence of chronic physical diabetes complications, diabetes distress and depression in women with T1D.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in Norway, and 171 women with T1D and 60 controls completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Diabetes distress was assessed with the Problem Areas in Diabetes (PAID) scale. Data on diabetes complications were retrieved from medical records. We performed logistic regression to estimate differences in the prevalence of sexual dysfunction (defined as FSFI ≤26.55) between women with T1D and women without diabetes and to examine associations of sexual dysfunction with chronic diabetes complications, diabetes distress and depression in women with T1D.ResultsThe prevalence of sexual dysfunction was higher in women with T1D (50.3%) compared with the controls (35.0%; unadjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.89 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–3.37]; adjusted OR 1.93 [1.05–3.56]). In women with T1D, sexual dysfunction was associated with both diabetes distress (adjusted OR 1.03 [1.01–1.05]) and depression (adjusted OR 1.28 [1.12–1.46]), but there were no clear associations with chronic diabetes complications (adjusted OR 1.46 [0.67–3.19]).ConclusionsThis study suggests that sexual dysfunction is more prevalent in women with T1D compared with women without diabetes. The study findings emphasize the importance of including sexual health in relation to diabetes distress and psychological aspects in diabetes care and future research.
The use of mice in diabetes research: The impact of experimental protocols
Authors: Kennard Matilda R. , Daniels Gatward Lydia F. , Roberts Anna G. , White Ella R. P. , Nandi Manasi , King Aileen J. F. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMice are used extensively in preclinical diabetes research to model various aspects of blood glucose homeostasis. Careful experimental design is vital for maximising welfare and improving reproducibility of data. Alongside decisions regarding physiological characteristics of the animal cohort (e.g., sex, strain and age), experimental protocols must also be carefully considered. This includes choosing relevant end points of interest and understanding what information they can provide and what their limitations are. Details of experimental protocols must, therefore, be carefully planned during the experimental design stage, especially considering the impact of researcher interventions on preclinical end points. Indeed, in line with the 3Rs of animal research, experiments should be refined where possible to maximise welfare. The role of welfare may be particularly pertinent in preclinical diabetes research as blood glucose concentrations are directly altered by physiological stress responses. Despite the potential impact of variations in experimental protocols, there is distinct lack of standardisation and consistency throughout the literature with regards to several experimental procedures including fasting, cage changing and glucose tolerance test protocol. This review firstly highlights practical considerations with regard to the choice of end points in preclinical diabetes research and the potential for novel technologies such as continuous glucose monitoring and glucose clamping techniques to improve data resolution. The potential influence of differing experimental protocols and in vivo procedures on both welfare and experimental outcomes is then discussed with focus on standardisation, consistency and full disclosure of methods.
Ultra rapid lispro (URLi) shows accelerated pharmacokinetics and greater reduction in postprandial glucose versus Humalog® in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in a randomized, double‐blind meal test early‐phase study
Authors: Kazda Christof , Leohr Jennifer , Liu Rong , Reddy Shobha , Dellva Mary Anne , Loh Mei Teng , Hardy Thomas , Plum‐Mörschel Leona 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimTo compare the pharmacokinetics (PK), glucodynamics (GD), and tolerability following single and multiple daily subcutaneous (SC) doses of ultra rapid lispro (URLi) and Humalog® in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D).Materials and MethodsThis was a two‐part, randomized, double‐blind, Phase 1b study. Part A used a six‐period crossover design to assess PK and GD response to a solid mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) following a single dose of URLi or Humalog administered 15 min before, immediately before, and 15 min after the start of the meal. Part B evaluated URLi or Humalog during 2 weeks of multiple daily dosing with a parallel design. The PK and GD were assessed following MMTTs at the beginning and end of the 2‐week period when insulins were administered immediately before the start of the meal.ResultsURLi increased the insulin exposure within the first 30 min postdose by 2.2‐fold and reduced the time to early half‐maximal drug concentration by 37% compared with Humalog. Overall, URLi resulted in better postprandial glucose lowering when dosed before, immediately before, or after a meal compared with Humalog. Comparing the same meal‐to‐dose timing between the insulins, postprandial glucose excursion over 5 hours was reduced by 40%‐44% for all three dose timings (−15, 0, and +15 min) with URLi, achieving statistical significance for the 0‐ and +15‐min timings. The PK and GD profiles were sustained after daily SC dosing for 2 weeks in patients with T1D. The number of documented hypoglycaemic events was similar between URLi and Humalog during the postprandial period of the MMTTs and the outpatient period.ConclusionsURLi showed accelerated insulin lispro absorption and greater postprandial glucose reduction at different meal‐to‐dose timings compared with Humalog and was well tolerated in patients with T1D.
Liraglutide changes body composition and lowers added sugar intake in overweight persons with insulin pump‐treated type 1 diabetes
Authors: Schmidt Signe , Frandsen Christian S. , Dejgaard Thomas F. , Vistisen Dorte , Halldórsson Thórhallur , Olsen Sjudur F. , Jensen Jens‐Erik B. , Madsbad Sten , Andersen Henrik U. , Nørgaard Kirsten 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAimsTo present secondary outcome analyses of liraglutide treatment in overweight adults with insulin pump‐treated type 1 diabetes (T1D), focusing on changes in body composition and dimensions, and to evaluate changes in food intake to identify potential dietary drivers of liraglutide‐associated weight loss.Materials and methodsA 26‐week randomized placebo‐controlled study was conducted to investigate the efficacy and safety of liraglutide 1.8 mg daily in 44 overweight adults with insulin pump‐treated T1D and glucose levels above target, and demonstrated significant glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)‐ and body weight‐reducing effects. For secondary outcome analysis, dual X‐ray absorptiometry scans were completed at Weeks 0 and 26, and questionnaire‐based food frequency recordings were obtained at Weeks 0, 13 and 26 to characterize liraglutide‐induced changes in body composition and food intake.ResultsTotal fat and lean body mass decreased in liraglutide‐treated participants (fat mass −4.6 kg [95% confidence interval {CI} −5.7; −3.5], P < 0.001; lean mass −2.5 kg [95% CI −3.2;‐1.7], P < 0.001), but remained stable in placebo‐treated participants (fat mass −0.3 kg [95% CI −1.3;0.8], P = 0.604; lean mass 0.0 kg [95% CI −0.7;0.7]; P = 0.965 [between‐group P values <0.001]). Participants reduced their energy intake numerically more in the liraglutide arm (−1.1 MJ [95% CI −2.0;‐0.02], P = 0.02) than in the placebo arm (−0.9 MJ [95% CI −2.0;0.1], P = 0.22), but the between‐group difference was statistically insignificant (P = 0.42). However, energy derived from added sugars decreased by 27% in the liraglutide arm compared with an increase of 14% in the placebo arm (P = 0.004).ConclusionsLiraglutide lowered fat and lean body mass compared with placebo. Further, liraglutide reduced intake of added sugars. However, no significant difference in total daily energy intake was detected between liraglutide‐ and placebo‐treated participants.
Fuzzy expert system for road type identification and risk assessment of conventional two‐lane roads
Authors: Barreno Felipe , Romana Manuel G. , Santos Matilde 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper first presents a fuzzy expert system to identify and classify conventional two‐lane roads based on geometric characteristics. Both fuzzy and neuro‐fuzzy techniques have been used. Fuzzy logic has proved suitable to address this problem, since in this case, there is a variability of input information, and classical rules are not suitable to be used due to the uncertainty introduced by some combinations of the variables. Each road's geometric features were measured by sensors in an equipped vehicle, and are subsequently used to classify the roads according to their real condition. The conventional two‐lane roads used for this research are located in the Madrid Region, in Spain. This intelligent system may be used to update the road database regarding the assigned type to each conventional road, according to their present features and state. Also, a risk identification system has been developed to assess whether a vehicle is driving on a two‐lane road with an inappropriate speed, combining variables such as the former identification model, vehicle type, road longitudinal gradient, the angle covered by each horizontal curve, and the existence or not of an additional traffic lane. A fuzzy risk index is proposed for this approach. This fuzzy model may be useful to detect road sections where safety must be enhanced by revising the speed limit, since less safe situations may arise from travelling at unappropriated speeds.
Does perception of social issues affect portfolio choices? Evidence from the #MeToo movement
Authors: Cook Douglas O. , Luo Shikong (Scott) 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDid the #MeToo movement, inspired by a Twitter post in late 2017 following the Weinstein scandal, influence the asset allocation decision process of mutual fund managers intending to show support for women empowerment? We find evidence to support the influence of such attention. We utilize the breakout of the #MeToo movement as an exogenous shock to the perception of gender equity issues. Using a difference‐in‐differences framework, we show that, compared to passively managed mutual funds, actively managed mutual funds tilt their portfolios toward firms with greater female representation in the C‐suite, but only after the breakout. Our results are not explained by performance seeking, but are in part attributable to catering incentives. Moreover, the results become less significant when the marginal impact of changing perception is small. Using Google search volume to capture public sentiment closely tied to the perception of gender equality yields consistent results based on a larger sample. Our study sheds light on the recent rise of “gender lens investing” in the mutual fund industry.
Limitations of Current Approaches for Predicting Groundwater Vulnerability from PFAS Contamination in the Vadose Zone
Authors: Rovero Matt , Cutt Diana , Griffiths Rachel , Filipowicz Urszula , Mishkin Katherine , White Brad , Goodrow Sandra , Wilkin Richard T. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPublished literature for reported sorption coefficients (Kd) of eight anionic per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil was reviewed. Kd values spanned three to five log units indicating that no single value would be appropriate for use in estimating PFAS impacts to groundwater using existing soil‐water partition equations. Regression analysis was used to determine if the soil or solution parameters might be used to predict Kd values. None of the 15 experimental parameters collected could individually explain variability in reported Kd values. Significant associations between Kd and soil calcium and sodium content were found for many of the selected PFAS, suggesting that soil cation content may be critical to PFAS sorption, as previously noted in sources like Higgins and Luthy (2006), while organic carbon content was significant only at elevated levels (>5%). Unexplained discrepancies between the results from studies where PFAS were introduced to soil and desorbed in the laboratory and those that used material from PFAS‐impacted sites suggest that laboratory experiments may be overlooking some aspects critical to PFAS sorption. Future studies would benefit from the development and use of standardized analytical methods to improve data quality and the establishment of soil parameters appropriate for collection to produce more complete data sets for predictive analysis.
Conversion of aqueous extracts from thermochemical treatment of bagasse into functional emulsifiers
Authors: Vodo Sekove , Uemura Kunihiko , Nakajima Mitsutoshi , Neves Marcos A. 
Published: October 2021

SummarySynthetic emulsifiers in food industries are being replaced with a customer‐friendly food ingredient that is derived from biomass using sustainable green technologies. After hydrothermal liquefaction treatment, raw bagasse (21%), pith (26%), and rind portions (25%) were obtained with reduced ash contents. As aqueous extracts, with oligosaccharides and lignin residues, it was used in the preparation of oil‐in‐water emulsions with 5% soybean oil. Results showed that the emulsions stabilised the oil droplets with particle size between 11 and 17 µm by steric repulsion with raw bagasse‐stabilised emulsion showing a better stability at 25 °C (31 days). It was demonstrated that raw bagasse extracts, without alteration, maybe a potential unconventional source for food‐grade emulsifiers by integrating a versatile thermochemical conversion of waste without the use of chemicals.
Heuristic and metaheuristic methods for the multi‐skill project scheduling problem with partial preemption
Authors: Polo‐Mejía Oliver , Artigues Christian , Lopez Pierre , Mönch Lars , Basini Virginie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe multi‐skill project scheduling problem (MSPSP) has been first addressed in the scheduling community for more than 15 years. This article deals with a new variant of this problem, the MSPSP with partial preemption, where only a subset of resources can be released during the preemption periods. Like the standard problem, this variant is NP‐hard, because of which we propose in this article a series of heuristic algorithms to solve instances arising from an industrial application. First, we present a serial greedy algorithm, based on priority rules and a flow problem for resource allocation. To improve the solutions of the greedy algorithm, we then introduce a binary tree based search algorithm and a greedy randomized adaptive search procedure (GRASP). Finally, we propose a large neighborhood search (LNS) algorithm integrating exact and heuristic methods. The best results in terms of solution quality and execution time are obtained by combining the GRASP algorithm and LNS approach. Furthermore, the proposed GRASP algorithm is able to find new best results on 56 of 216 instances on a standard MSPSP instance set, which shows the quality of the approach even on special cases of the considered problem.
Effect of pendant groups on the mass yield and density of polycarbosilanes during pyrolysis
Authors: Key Thomas S. , Wilks Garth B. , Cinibulk Michael K. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAs SMP‐10 and SMP‐877 are pyrolyzed, they undergo multiple thermal decomposition reactions that result in the formation of amorphous SiC and differing degrees of excess carbon. Differences in the initial composition of the two polycarbosilanes in the form of allylic group concentration and the presence of methyl pendant groups lead to differences in thermal decomposition of the polymers. These differences then affect the evolution of density of the two polymers in a way that dramatically affects their volume yield as a function of pyrolysis temperature.