bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lifestyle disorder and its impact on Mahasrotas
Authors: Hange Dhananjay V. 
Published: April 2021

Background: Ayurveda is ancient system of Indian medicine based on certain fundamental principles, and one of them is ‘strotasa’. Mahasrotas is important concept describe in Ayurveda. The root of pranvaha strotas is hriday and Mahasrotas. Mahasrotas includes lungs, hriday, and alimentary system. Oxygen, food and water are utilized for the growth of the body. Also to maintain the healthy state of the body. It get disturbed due to changes in lifestyle. Lifestyle disorders are those disorders which occurs on daily habits of people. You may maintain healthy state by following dincharya.Everyone wants to live healthy forever. Health is essential to achieve dharma, artha, Kama, and Moksha. According to Ayurveda when dosha, dhatu mala are in a state of equilibrium and atma indriya mana are satisfied then that state is called as healthy state. But due to busy schedule and our lazy nature i.e. sedentary lifestyle, we do not do so. Faulty eating habits and lack of physical exercise have main effect on Mahasrotas especially on Agni. Hence life style disorders plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases of the Mahasrotas.
A review article: Significance of Jalavarga and Jalapana mentioned in Ayurveda
Authors: Rane Manasi Hanumant 
Published: April 2021

Water is the fundamental constituent of Earths Hydrosphere and the fluids of all acknowledged residing organisms in which it acts as solvent. It is essential for all known forms of life, even though it provides no calories or organic nutrient. Water makes up greater than two thirds of human body weight, and besides water, we would die in a few days. The ancient literature of ayurveda explained significance of water along with property. Ayurveda explains various types of Jala (water) under the heading ‘Jala Varga’. Jala persisted Guna of all six Rasa considering that due to its unique property to dissolve each and every rasa individually. Water is considered to be Jeeva (life) in Ayurvedic perception. This article review regarding ayurvedic perpective of jala and significance of jalapana in daily life.
Statistical Software Applications and Statistical Methods Used In Community Medicine and Public Health Research Studies
Authors: Joshi Krishna P , Jamadar Deepak C 
Published: April 2021

Background: The utilization of software in statistical methods and tools has increased very much in last two decades. The easily availability of statistical application software on internet, made easy to analyse, interpretation and conclude the study variables.
Aim and Objectives: To know the statistical software applications and various statistical methods used in the community medicine and public health research studies.
Materials & Methods: A cross sectional retrospective study, We had included online community medicine and public health journals of four years (2017 to 2020).By cluster sampling method were used and each cluster includes articles of four different year, 400 randomly selected research articles were downloaded & reviewed. The data was analysed by using SPSS version 23.
Results: 400 articles were reviewed. 317 (79.25%) were used Ms-Excel software followed by 261 (65.25%) descriptive statistics and 145(36.25%) SPSS and 143 (35.75%) applied cross sectional study design. 91 (22.75%) applied chi-square test, 77(19.25%) applied ANOVA test. 59(14.75%) t-tests. Only 41(10.25%) articles were reported with confidence intervals.
Conclusion: The current study reveals, Microsoft excels, and SPSS and R-programming were more frequently using software in the community medicine and public health, whereas descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests and non-parametric tests were commonly using statistical methods.
Evaluation Of Hundred Consecutive Cases Of Optic Disc Oedema At A Tertiary Care Centre In North-West Rajasthan
Authors: Pensiya Maya , Kochar Anju , Ali Nawab , Khan Arif 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
This study aimed at evaluation of patients diagnosed as optic disc oedema in terms of demographics, aetiology and clinical presentation.

Methods:
This prospective, noninterventional hospital based study was conducted between January 2018 and November 2019. 100 cases of disc edema were included by consecutive sampling and comprehensive examination was done including BVCA, pupillary reaction, colour vision, detailed slit lamp examination, intraocular pressure, fundus examination, fundus photograph. CSF manometry, Lumbar Puncture, CT and MRI scan and OCT for RNFL assessment were performed as and when required.

Results:
The most common cause of the disc edema was papilloedema (54%) followed by optic neuritis (18%); optic neuropathies (9%); pseudopapilledema (7%); diabetic papillopathy (5%). Most common age group affected was 21-40 years (39%). Our study population had Male to Female ratio of 1:1.1. Bilateral disc edema was 3.5 times more common than unilateral presentation. Space occupying lesions were found to be most common cause of Papilledema. Decreased vision and headache was main symptom reported by majority of patients.

Conclusion:
From this study it was concluded that papilledema and optic neuritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with optic disc swelling. Bilateral disc swelling Could be due to papilledema, the first investigation should be urgent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plus magnetic resonance venography (MRV) to exclude a brain tumor or dural venous sinus thrombosis. With newer imaging technique like OCT, it is possible to differentiate pseudo from true optic disc oedema, also to recognise the aetiology.
Factors Affecting Retinal Screening Among Patients With Diabetes In India
Authors: Karishma Goyal , Rambharos Goyal , Gautam Lunia 
Published: April 2021

Aim -
to identify various factors affecting diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening rate and measures to overcome the barriers.

Methods -
Patients visiting the eye OPD were enrolled in this study from January 2017 to December 2018. A total of 2242 patients participated in this study. A questionnaire was prepared to conduct the survey. Excluding patients (82) with missing responses for more than three questions, a final sample of 2160 participants yielded.

Results -
Although 71.16% of participants reported that their physician suggested DR exam, only 54.16% were screened during the past 2 years. Majority of them gave reason that they didn’t know about the necessity of screening. Knowledge about DR, treatment of DR, risk factors of DR, and knowing the appropriate frequency to have an eye checkup for early detection of DR were significantly associated with receipt of a DR in the past 2 years (all P < 0.05).

Conclusion -
Lack of awareness came out as major factor to be addressed. Information about the relationship between diabetes and retinopathy and concerns about damage to vision should be considered to promote DR screening
Topical Anaesthesia For Cataract Surgery: Patient's And Surgeon's Perspective
Authors: Rewri Parveen , Choudhary Anjali , Pandey Surya Mani , Singhal Aparna , Chaudhary Priyanka , Kumar Sanjeev 
Published: April 2021

Aim:
The study aimed to find factorsʼ determining satisfactory experience from patientʼs as well surgeonʼs perspective in cataract surgery under topical anesthesia

Methods:
In this prospective study, we recruited consecutive patients of senile cataract willing to undergo cataract surgery under topical anesthesia. Using a validated score system, patients comfort and cooperation was quantified. Demographic and ocular factors affecting the comfort level and cooperation were analyzed.

Results:
A total of 530 patients, with mean (±SD) age 61±9 (range 41-90), underwent cataract surgery under topical anesthesia between September and November 2019. Of all the participants, 429 (81%; 95% Confidence Interval (CI):77-84) were not aware about injection less topical anesthesia for cataract surgery. The average comfort and cooperation score were 4.56±0.67and 4.54±0.73, respectively. The average duration of surgery was 8.33±3.24 (range: 4-25) minutes.

Conclusion:
The acceptance for topical anesthesia for cataract surgery is high, in both patientʼs and surgeonʼs perspective. Patientʼs satisfaction and cooperation depends on several socio-demographic and psychological factors.
Clinical Response To Switch From Ranibizumab To Aflibercept In Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Weerasinghe Bhagya , Gupta Chandni , Levene Yasmin , Shankar Jai 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
To assess whether switching from Ranibizumab to Aflibercept conferred benefit in visual acuity (VA) and central macular thickness (CMT) in patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods:
Mean change in VA and CMT was assessed in wet AMD patients 6 months prior and 6 months after switch from Ranibizumab to Aflibercept, between July 2014 and November 2016.

Results:
90 eyes were switched from Ranibizumab to Aflibercept. VA improved in 11 eyes, 65 reported no change and 14 showed deterioration. Improvement in VA was not statistically significant (p>0.05). CMT improved in 24 eyes, 64 showed no change and in 2 there was deterioration. This improvement was statistically significant (p<0.01). Sub-analysis into patients that had switched to Aflibercept after 6 (28 patients) or >6 (62 patients) Ranibizumab injections showed no significant difference between these groups for VA or CMT change.

Conclusion:
Although there seemed to be an improvement in the CMT with Aflibercept, this did not translate as a statistical improvement in VA. Switching earlier to Aflibercept did not show any significant benefit in either VA or reduced CMT within the first 6 months. Our research however, requires extension as the benefits may be seen over a longer period of time. In conclusion, some patients with sub-optimal response to Ranibizumab may benefit from switching to Aflibercept.
Heart and Brain behind E-Learning amidst COVID19 Pandemic
Authors: Ramakrishnan Reshma , Agrawal Mamta , Gandhi Priyanka , Shrivastava Saurabh , Choudhary Ayushi , Hussain Syed Faraaz 
Published: April 2021

Introduction:
COVID-19 pandemic presented us with a window to introduce digital learning in ophthalmology. We conducted this study to understand the repercussions of change of traditional learning and commence E-learning as an educational channel to medical students in the field of Ophthalmology and analyse the response of the students to the pristine method of education in this pandemic.

Aim:
To determine the effect of COVID19 lockdown on ophthalmic medical education in a private medical college in Navi Mumbai.

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional study done by recruiting undergraduates and BSC optometry students of a private medical college as the subjects, after obtaining ethical approval from the instituteand informed consent from the students.

Methods and Material:
A random sample of 322 undergraduate medical students; 151 from 7th semester, 151 from 5th semester and 20 from Third year Optometry were surveyed by a questionnaire. The Statistical Package AQ6 for the Social Sciences software used for statistical analysis.

Results:
70% students The response of 70% students was responded that online lectures covered all the important topics of curriculum and learning through phone was easier. Less than 45% students of 7th semester responded that online teaching should not remain a part of academic teaching when college reopens. The response of 112 students of 7th semester responded was that their parents complained about overusage of gadgets in this COVID19 pandemic. The response of 219 students was that they utilized COVID19 lockdown in a creative and constructive way apart from E-learning. Conclusion: E-learning can be an excellent appurtenance to traditional learning and hence enhance spread of medical knowledge worldwide.
Case series of Ectopia Lentis associated with Marfan's syndrome
Authors: Laad Sagarika , Singh Harpal , Singh Satendra , Ramnani Parag , Gupta Shashank , Gupta Ritu 
Published: April 2021

Purpose:
To report 4 cases of Marfan's syndrome with ectopia lentis.

Methods:
Case 1- Fifty year old woman presented with sudden painless diminution of vision both eye since 1 day with history of blunt trauma by wood-log. Vision was counting finger 3 feet in both eyes, small pupil with sluggish reactions and posteriorly dislocated lens. B-scan showed posterior dislocation of lens in both eyes with retinal detachment in right eye. Case 2- Two sisters aged 15 and 12 year also presented with superotemporal subluxation of lens. Best corrected vision was 6/12 both eye in younger one and 6/9 in right and 6/12 in left eye of elder one. Case 3- A 22 year old male reported with painless diminution of vision since childhood. Vision was 1/60 in right and 6/60 in left eye. Anterior segment shows lens in anterior chamber in right eye and superonasal subluxation of lens in left eye. All patients presented with typical features of Marfan's syndrome like tall-statured with long, thin extremities; arachnodactly, prognathis and a high arched palate.

Results:
Case 1 improved with +10 D lens in left eye and no improvement in right as there was Retinal detachment present. She was referred to vitreoretinal surgeon. Case 2 are under observation and managed conservatively. Case3 is also referred to vitreoretinal surgeon. Conclusion-Ectopia lentis is reported as most common feature in Marfan's syndrome. Though posterior dislocation is rarely reported. There should be multifaceted approach to manage such cases and prevent sight-threatening complication.
Levels of Stress among Retired Civil Servants as Correlate of Their Adjustment Patterns in Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Agha K. A. , Nwankwo C. A. 
Published: April 2021

Aims: The study determined the relationship between levels of stress and adjustment patterns of retired civil servants, the relationship between levels of stress and adjustment patterns of male retired civil servants, as well as the relationship between levels of stress and adjustment patterns of female retired civil servants in Anambra state, Nigeria.
Study Design: The research design was a correlation survey.
Place and Duration of Study: Anambra state secretariat office, March 2010 to February 2020.
Methodology: The multistage sampling procedure was used to select a sample size of 513 retired civil servants from a population of 1500 retired civil servants in Anambra state (220 male and 252 female) (Source: Anambra state secretariat office, personal/accounts department, 2019). Levels of stress (LOS) and adjustment patterns questionnaires (APQ) were used to collect data which was administered through direct delivery approach. The validity of the questionnaires was carried out by three experts. The reliability coefficient for the levels of stress questionnaire (LSQ) was 0.78, while the reliability coefficient for adjustment pattern questionnaire was 0.85. Research questions 1, 2 and 3 were answered using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r). The null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance using t-test of correlation.
Results: Findings from the study revealed among others that; the relationship between levels of stress and adjustment patterns of retired civil servants is high and positive (r=0.661/n=472), while the relationship between levels of stress and adjustment patterns based on gender of retired civil servants is positively high for male (r=0.703/n=220), and moderately positive for female retired civil servants (r=0.577/n=252). Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that male and female retired civil servants should be encouraged to engage in meaningful activities that will reduce their stress levels. Also, the federal government should look into disbursement of funds and the payment of retired civil servants, the prioritizing of retirees’ payment of pension and gratuities can promote this process. Through this, retired civil servants will meet up financial obligations of their families, and in turn reduce the level of stress they undergo.
Conclusion: There is a high positive correlation between levels of stress and their adjustment patterns, it was also found that a high positive correlation between levels of stress and adjustment patterns of male and female retired civil servants in Anambra state. Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was found between levels of stress and adjustment patterns of retired civil servants.
Reversible alteration of Nerve Conduction Velocity in Iron Deficient Anemic Patients in Response to Treatment
Authors: Sharma G. , Gupta S. , Atri S. K. , Sharma P. 
Published: April 2021

Aim: Evaluation of nerve conduction in adult patients of iron deficiency anemia and to study the response to treatment.
Study Design: Prospective randomized control study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine and Department of Physiology, PGIMS Rohtak
Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia is associated with central and peripheral nervous system disturbances. Iron is an essential component of brain growth, myelination, nerve impulse conduction, protein synthesis, hormone production, fundamental aspects of cellular energy metabolism and is involved in neurotransmitter synthesis including serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. Hence, its deficiency adversely affects motor performance, mental development as well as cognitive and behavioral functions. Since myelination is concerned with conduction in nerve fibers, iron deficiency potentially impairs neuronal transmission and leads to functional neurodeficit like dysfunction in the peripheral nervous system such as paresthetic complaints.
Method: Nerve conduction was recorded using RMS EMG EP MK2 machine in 30 newly diagnosed patients of iron deficiency anemia with haemoglobin less than 10.9-4 g/dl between 18-50 years of age who were followed up after 3 months of treatment and compared with 30 age and sex matched controls.
Results: An increase in distal latencies and a decrease in amplitude and nerve conduction velocities of motor and sensory component of all the nerves was seen in IDA patients as compared to the control groups which was reversible with iron replacement therapy.
Conclusion: Altered values of nerve conduction parameters indicates peripheral neuropathy in IDA individuals with or without polyneuropathy. Thus, nerve conduction study provides an objective method for monitoring the function of PNS, especially the clinically silent peripheral nerve compromise in patients of iron deficiency anemia before and after iron replacement therapy. Thus NCS is a non-invasive test for early diagnosis and therefore early treatment to prevent complications.
A Prospective Observational Study on Prevalence and Prognostic Indicators among Tuberculosis and Multidrug Resistance Tuberculosis Patients in Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Authors: Noorjahan A. , Bhargavi B. , Mallikarjuna K. , Ishaq B. Mohammad , Reddy L. Siva Sankar , Ugandar R. E. 
Published: April 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is a communicable systemic infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality associated with it. Resistance to medications used to treat tuberculosis has been on the rise in recent years. (multidrug-resistant tuberculosis) (MDR-TB) is a significant challenge to (TB) control around the world. An observational research was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital to determine the interim pharmacological and microbial results of Rifampicin resistance TB patients. Data from Santhiram Medical College and General Hospital, Nandyal, Kurnool Dist. Andhra Pradesh were obtained from Aug 2020 to Feb 2021, after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. The effects of the regimen are determined in terms of cure, finished treatment, treatment failure, number of patients moved to MDR-TB, number of patients who died in long-term MDR-TB regimen patients. Microsoft Excel 2007 was used to analyse the data. There were 82 male and 23 female out of 105 patients included in the study. Of these 75 patients were from rural areas and 40 from urban areas Using the Chi-square test and X2=12.1026, p=0.0005, which was important, the correlation between geographical spread and treatment result was determined. Out of 115 patients, 99 (86.09 percent) were cured of their disease, 06 (5.22 percent) died, 10 (8.69 percent) developed MDR-TB, and 2 (1.74 percent) were deemed medication errors. Males between the ages of 51 and 70 are more vulnerable to TB than females, according to our results. Compared to females of the same age, male patients over 40 years of age are more vulnerable to MDRTB. this was not part of the research objectives, emphasis should not be placed on this as either conclusion or recommendation.
Frequency of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Cirrhosis of Liver in Department of Medicine at People Medical College Hospital Nawabshah Pakistan
Authors: Daidano Jeando Khan , Shahzad Amir , Tunio Safdar Ali Pervez , Jamali Anwar Ali , Ahmer Arslan , Rind Muhammad Saleem 
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Bacterial Infections in cirrhosis of liver is one of the main complications with increase mortality rate. Infection of ascitic fluid in cirrhosis of liver was introduced by Conn and fessel [2], termed as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
Objective: To determine the frequency of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis (SBP) in patients presenting with cirrhosis of liver.
Methodology: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was performed in the Medicine Ward at People’s Medical College Hospital Nawabshah Pakistan from 1st June 2018 to 31 July 2020. Total 100 admitted patients were selected for this study, male patient were 58 and female patient were 42. Consent was taken from the patients and their relatives. Primary and secondary outcomes measured. All the patients with diagnosis of cirrhosis of liver were included for this study, ascites due to other causes and patients on antibiotic therapy were excluded from this study. Ascitic fluid aspirated for culture and DR. Blood CP, Urea, Creatinine, LFT and PT was performed.
Results: Among these 100 patients 13 were culture positive raised ascites PMN, 17 were culture negative raised ascites PMN. E. coli was detected in majority of the culture positive patients. 70 patients presented with sterile ascites. SBP patients presented with fever, abdominal pain, jaundice, Encephalopathy and raised prothrombin time.
Conclusion: SBP common complication of cirrhosis associated with high mortality. All cirrhotic Patients admitted in medical wards with history of abdominal pain, fever and Encephalopathy, diagnostic paracentesis is compulsory. Early management with intravascular expansion with albumin and antibiotics with good prognosis mortality can be reduced.
Plasmonic Core–Shell Nanomaterials and their Applications in Spectroscopies
Authors: Zhang Yue‐Jiao , Radjenovic Petar M. , Zhou Xiao‐Shun , Zhang Hua , Yao Jian‐Lin , Li Jian‐Feng 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPlasmonic core–shell nanostructures have attracted considerable attention in the scientific community recently due to their highly tunable optical properties. Plasmon‐enhanced spectroscopies are one of the main applications of plasmonic nanomaterials. When excited by an incident laser of suitable wavelength, strong and highly localized electromagnetic (EM) fields are generated around plasmonic nanomaterials, which can significantly boost excitation and/or radiation processes that amplify Raman, fluorescence, or nonlinear signals and improve spectroscopic sensitivity. Herein, recent developments in plasmon‐enhanced spectroscopies utilizing core–shell nanostructures are reviewed, including shell‐isolated nanoparticle‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SHINERS), plasmon‐enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy, and plasmon‐enhanced nonlinear spectroscopy.