bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing unmanned aerial vehicles logistics for dynamic delivery: a hybrid non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II with Bayesian belief networks
Authors: Mahmoodi Armin , Sajadi Seyed Mojtaba , Sadeq Abdellatif M. , Narenji Masoud , Eshaghi Mehdi , Jasemi Milad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To address the complexities of managing networks of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and Just-in-Time problem solving, this study introduces a cutting-edge multi-objective location-routing optimization model. This model integrates time window constraints, concurrent pick-up and delivery demands, and rechargeable battery functionality, significantly enhancing the efficiency of UAV operations. It reduces battery consumption and transportation costs while optimizing delivery times and reducing operational risks. The model improves the refinement of delivery schedules by accounting for uncertain traffic scenarios, thereby increasing its accuracy and reliability in dynamic environments. Additionally, a Bayesian belief networks approach for risk assessment introduces a new layer to operational risk management. The model’s performance and its trade-offs are demonstrated through advanced data visualizations such as 3D Pareto fronts, pair plots, and network graphs, with validation via the NSGA-II approach confirming its reliability and practical applicability. This research represents a major leap forward in drone routing strategies, focusing on efficiency, adaptability, and risk management in UAV logistics and provides a comprehensive framework that bridges the gap between theoretical exploration and practical application.
Species distribution models for the conservation of a micro-endemic animal: the contribution of regional land cover
Authors: Giachello Simone , Lefosse Sara , Simoncini Andrea , Bonato Lucio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Micro-endemic animals face high extinction risks. Species distribution models offer powerful tools for effective conservation strategies, but their implementation is hindered by the resolution of environmental data such as land cover. Here, we assessed the efficacy of one regional versus two continental land cover datasets in predicting habitat suitability for Salamandra atra aurorae, a fully terrestrial amphibian endemic to a ca. 30 km2 area in Northern Italy. We built three species distribution models with the same spatial resolution of 100 × 100 m using the same topographic and climatic predictors but varying the land cover dataset describing forest classes. We used a composite regional dataset assembled from local sources, the Corine Land Cover and the Sentinel-2 Global Land Cover, and compared their capacity to identify the ecological requirements of the species. The models performed comparably, identifying elevation, temperature, and tree composition as primary drivers of habitat suitability and predicting similar suitable areas. However, while all models recognized coniferous forests as more suitable than broadleaf forests, only the land cover classification of the regional dataset allowed to identify different suitability among coniferous forests. Notably, the model using the regional dataset identified old-growth stands with Abies alba as the most suitable, aligning with previous ecological studies. Our case study highlights the limitations of widely used continental land cover datasets in recognising key environmental features influencing habitat suitability for a micro-endemic animal. We showed that incorporating regional land cover data can enhance the accuracy of species distribution models providing more detailed ecological information to guide conservation efforts.
Permissivism, Epistemic Utility, and Arbitrariness
Authors: Eilertsen André 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The paper addresses the issue of “epistemic permissivism”: does epistemic rationality ever permit more than one doxastic attitude to some proposition, given some body of evidence? One approach has taken up William James’s idea that there are different ways of weighing our two central cognitive goals as believers: Believe truth! Shun error! This motivates an affirmative answer to the question: agents with the same evidence can rationally come to different conclusions about some proposition because they weigh the importance of the goals differently. I examine the consequences of formulating the “Jamesian" argument using epistemic utility theory. This more precise formulation turns out to predict the permissibility of different incompatible doxastic attitudes not just across agents, but for a single agent. That is, we get the possibility of intrapersonally permissive situations, where more than one attitude is rationally open to a single agent. The apparent arbitrariness of rational belief on this picture calls, or so I argue, for serious consideration. I suggest that looking to practical rationality and the practical aspects of belief can explain (away) the arbitrariness worries.
Disentangling Timescales of Molecular Kinetics with spFRET using ALEX-FCS
Authors: Ernst Jeremy , Sane Aditya , van Noort John 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Single-pair Förster resonance energy transfer (spFRET) probes the dynamics of molecular structures with (sub-)nanometer accuracy. When combined with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), diffusion times and conformation lifetimes can be obtained. Alternating excitation (ALEX) further complements spFRET measurements on freely diffusing molecules, allowing for burst analysis, which can be used to reduce background signal without significant changes to the experimental setup. ALEX is particularly useful for extracting conformational dynamics, but extracting small differences in FRET levels and/or diffusion times can still be difficult for multi-species samples with fast or slow transition rates. Though the combination of spFRET, FCS and ALEX can help to constrain the fits of correlation curves, a rigorous analysis of the range of lifetimes that can be probed with a combination of these methods is lacking. Here, we simulated spFRET-ALEX-FCS experiments of molecules with two conformations that differ both in FRET levels and in diffusion coefficients, representative of fully wrapped and partially unwrapped nucleosomes. We show that we can distinguish small changes in the diffusion coefficient and that burst selection yields accurate lifetimes ranging from 100 us to 100 ms. The simulations provide a framework that can be expanded for more complex systems having a larger number of conformational states, variable stoichiometries from binding interactions and/or other excitation schemes.
The times they are a‐changin’: how venture capital firms change their investment practices under the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ambrois Matteo , Butticè Vincenzo , Croce Annalisa , Grilli Luca , Ughetto Elisa 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study examines how venture capital (VC) firms have modified their short-term investment practices in response to the COVID-19 crisis. We categorise VCs’ investment practices according to their level of visibility to external parties and hypothesise that unobservable investment practices are more likely modified than observable ones, since VC firms must comply with the objectives stated in their contracts with limited partners (LPs), and deviations may be viewed negatively by investors. Changing investment practices may have a negative impact on a VC firm’s reputation, but this potential reputational damage could vary along with the reputational capital already possessed by the VC firm and its degree of exposure in a VCs’ network. An empirical analysis based on a global survey of VC firms confirms these theoretical presumptions, shedding light on how the industry operates and responds to unique crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, younger and smaller VC firms are found to be more reluctant than larger and older ones to modify observable investment practices. Similarly, VC firms that are more central in a network of investors are also found to be more hesitant to modify observable investment practices.
Defining and Classifying the Roles of Intelligent Learning Companion Systems: A Scoping Review of the Literature
Authors: Han Yujie , Hong Sumin , Li Zhenyan , Lim Cheolil 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This scoping review investigates the roles of intelligent learning companion systems (LCS) within educational settings, as well as the presences artificial intelligence (AI) embodies within these roles, and their application in education. Employing the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for scoping reviews, we analyzed 24 studies on the multifaceted nature of LCS roles and their implications for learning. AI-empowered LCS were identified as adaptive systems that emulate human learning companions, providing a dynamic social context to offer learners support and companionship. By simulating human-like characteristics, AI-empowered companions enhance personalized learning experiences and outcomes, optimizing educational outcomes. Our review categorized 14 roles played by intelligent LCS, underlining their versatility and potential to adapt to and meet learners’ needs and abilities. This review offers a comprehensive classification of LCS roles, elucidating their presences and illustrating their practical applications in educational contexts. The findings highlight the transformative role of AI in education, demonstrating its capability to mimic and augment human teaching and learning interactions.
The Cerebellar Role in Emotions at a Turning Point: Bibliometric Analysis and Collaboration Networks
Authors: Osorio-Becerra Dianela A. , D’Angelo Egidio , Casellato Claudia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The neural basis of emotional experience, both in neurotypical and clinical conditions, remains an open research topic. Historically, the cerebellum was considered a purely motor structure; however, studies since the mid-twentieth century and contributions like the cerebellar cognitive-affective syndrome, evidenced its role in emotion. This has led to an expansion of the paradigm, encouraging further research into the cerebellar role in emotion. Understanding this field's development is essential to assessing its current state, identifying knowledge gaps, and exploring emerging areas. This paper analyzes the evolution of scientific production, addressing how scientific interest has changed over time, factors driving growth, dominant topics, leading figures, and collaboration networks. This analysis identifies trends and opportunities, guiding strategies and advancing knowledge through a comprehensive view of the state-of-the-art in this research area. To achieve this, a systematic search was conducted in key databases, identifying 1,162 publications with which an exhaustive quantitative analysis was conducted using bibliometric techniques, network analysis, and visualization tools. The results show exponential growth in the field, evidenced by the increase in publications, researchers, funding sources, and the emergence of new topics. This interest, along with an interdisciplinary approach, has fostered collaboration, with large teams and multicenter projects emerging, although small, isolated teams still predominate. Research mainly focuses on neurological and affective disorders, with a predominance of studies in humans, followed by rodent models. Overall, the analysis reveals a highly interdisciplinary and expanding field. However, challenges remain, including unequal access to resources and limited exploration of some topics.
Characteristic of Essential Oils Extracted from the Industrial-Scale Processing By-Products of Agro-foods
Authors: Güҫlü Hülya 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Nowadays, more interest has been focused on the efficient use of agricultural and food processing post-products. The remaining wastes accumulate in large quantities, resulting in a burden on the environment. However, they possess potentially valuable compounds, making them suitable to recover essential oil from solid waste. This review evaluates the production of essential oils from apple, citrus fruits, sour cherry, corn, rice, wheat, and barley processing wastes, highlighting high levels of bioactive compounds such as tocopherols, phytosterols, and unsaturated fatty acids, which contribute to their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

Recent Findings
Agro-food processing wastes are composed of biologically active compounds including essential oil with different functional characteristics such as antibacterial and anti-angiogenic properties. This could be due to the presence of bioactive compounds including phytosterols, tocochromanols, tocopherol, and carotenoids, as well as the natural antioxidants and the higher amount of unsaturated fatty acids.

Summary
Agro-food processing by-products are a valuable source of essential oil, which is rich in mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids as well as bioactive compounds. Findings provide a reference for the development of healthy products and open a new horizon for innovative and profitable utilization of the wastes generated from the industrial-scale processing of agro-foods.
Impact of Clerkship Length and Sequence on NBME Subject Exam Performance
Authors: Vaughan Megan , Johnson Kory A. , Bergin Christina R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Core clerkships are foundational learning experiences, yet variability in duration exists across medical schools. Many institutions adjust core clinical experiences as part of curricular modifications to meet evolving needs in undergraduate medical education. We investigated if shortened Internal Medicine (IM) and Surgery clerkship lengths or if clerkship sequence within the academic year would have any impact on NBME subject exam scores.

Methods
We examined four cohorts of third-year medical students from academic years 2017–2018, 2018–2019, 2019–2020, and 2021–2022. Individual student NBME subject exam data were compared, controlling for MCAT score and clerkship block sequence within the academic year.

Results
We found no statistically significant differences in IM or Surgery NBME subject exam scores between the traditional clerkship length (2017–2019) and shortened clerkship length (2019–2022) groups. Mixed-effect regression analyses that included MCAT and block sequence as additional covariates confirmed there were no statistically significant differences in IM or Surgery exam scores between groups. Despite no change in length, the Psychiatry (p = 0.012) and Pediatrics (p = 0.036) clerkships had increased scores post-intervention on the mixed-effects model. MCAT scores were predictive of overall NBME scores on both ANCOVA and regression analyses (p-values ranging < 0.001 to 0.01). Finally, taking a clerkship later in the academic year was associated with increased NBME scores across all subjects (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Shortened clerkship length is not associated with lower performance on NBME subject exams. Clerkship sequence later in the academic year is associated with higher scores. Curricular reform resulting in reduced core clerkship duration may be undertaken without adverse impact on medical knowledge.
Negatively Marked Elimination-Format Multiple-Choice Questions Are Associated with High Cognitive Load and Poor Student Experience Compared to Single Best Answer
Authors: Newton Philip M. , Furby Katherine H. , Campbell Jude , Salvi Atharva , Santiago Gabriella , Chau Michael 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are a common form of assessment in medical science education. The traditional MCQ format involves students picking a single best answer (SBA) from four or five options. There are concerns about the ability of SBA formats to reward partial knowledge and their susceptibility to guessing. An alternative to SBA is elimination testing (ET), wherein students eliminate all the incorrect answer options, with negative marking to deter guessing. Cognitive load theory (CLT) is an approach to education that prioritises strategies to minimise the amount of unnecessary ‘load’ placed upon working memory. The cognitive load imposed by assessment design has received little attention. We evaluated the cognitive load of SBA and ET MCQ formats, using an online participant pool and a survey of students at a UK Medical School. We found that partial knowledge was rewarded with the ET format. However, students strongly preferred the SBA format and reported both that it was easier and imposed a lower cognitive load. Removing negative marking reduced the cognitive load of ET style questions and improved the student experience, but the improvement was insufficient to change student preference for SBA questions.
How the characteristics of street color affect visitor emotional experience
Authors: Qi Ziyin , Li Junyi , Yang Xiping , He Zhe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Streets play a crucial role in urban tourism. This study examines the impact of urban street landscape color characteristics on visitors’ emotional perceptions, providing insights for landscape planning. Focusing on Xi'an's inner-third ring road area, we use Full Convolutional Neural Network (FCN) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms to create an visitors’ emotional perception dataset of street images. Machine learning techniques are employed to extract color features, construct quantitative color indexes, and visualize them spatially. Key findings include: (1) A spatial pattern where perceptions of beautiful and lively increase and depressing decreases from city centers, suggesting similarities between visitors' and residents' emotional responses; (2) A complex, non-linear relationship between color features and emotional perception, with optimal responses at color complexity 0.86 and coordination 0.84; (3) More pronounced color characteristics positively affect visitor emotions under non-routine conditions. Theoretically, this study confirms that vibrant environments enhance visitor experiences. Methodologically, it extends tourism studies by integrating streetscape big data and machine learning, moving beyond traditional text-based analysis. The results offer city managers valuable insights into visual preferences for streetscapes, aiding in the optimization of urban landscape design.
Stewarding the inappropriate diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection: leveraging the urinalysis to understand true antibiotic overuse
Authors: Hartlage Whitney , Castillo Alyssa Y. , Kassamali Escobar Zahra , Bajenov Maria , Martinez-Paz Natalia , Lynch John B. , Bryson-Cahn Chloe , Chan Jeannie D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We evaluated 249 asymptomatic patients receiving antibiotics for urinary infection: 222 had asymptomatic pyuria and/or nitrituria (ASPN) and 133 had asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB, growth ≥105 colony forming units/ml). ASPN identified 40% more cases of unnecessary antibiotics compared to ASB and may be a more comprehensive measure of unnecessary antibiotic use.
Short versus long treatment duration for streptococcal bloodstream infection
Authors: Gray Julie , Zhang Chong , Earl Ali , Spivak Emily S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Emerging data surrounding the rise in antimicrobial resistance have prompted a shift towards shorter antibiotic durations. Studies show similar clinical outcomes comparing shorter antibiotic courses to longer ones for uncomplicated Gram-negative bloodstream infections (BSI). However, there is a lack of data to inform durations of therapy for Streptococcal BSI.

Methods:
This was a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to University of Utah Health with uncomplicated Streptococcal BSI. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to estimate the average treatment effects (ATE) of antibiotics administered for 10 days or fewer (short duration) versus more than 10 days (long duration). The primary outcome was a composite of recurrent BSI, all-cause mortality, and readmissions at 30 days from end of therapy.

Results:
Five hundred patients were screened and 196 were included in the final analysis. The most common sources were skin and soft tissue infections. The median duration in the short and long groups were 8 (IQR, 7–10) and 15 days (IQR, 14–17), respectively. The ATE of short versus long duration of antibiotics was not significant for the composite primary outcome (18% vs 18%; OR = 1.42 [95% CI: 0.57 to 3.53]).

Conclusions:
We found no appreciable difference in outcomes between patients treated with short versus long antibiotic durations for uncomplicated Streptococcal BSI. Given low absolute rates of mortality and recurrent BSI, along with the lack of evidence indicating a significant difference related to treatment duration, it is reasonable to consider shorter durations. Future research is needed to confirm our findings.
Drawing a Line: Rejecting Resultant Moral Luck Alone
Authors: Demirtas Huzeyfe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The most popular position in the moral luck debate is to reject resultant moral luck while accepting the possibility of other types of moral luck. But it is unclear whether this position is stable. Some argue that luck is luck and if it is relevant for moral responsibility anywhere, it is relevant everywhere, and vice versa. Some argue that given the similarities between circumstantial moral luck and resultant moral luck, there is good evidence that if the former exists, so does the latter. The challenge is especially pressing for the large group that exclusively deny resultant moral luck. I argue that rejecting resultant moral luck alone is a stable and plausible position. This is because, in a nutshell, the other types of luck can but the results of an action cannot affect what makes one morally responsible.
A sharp threshold for Trudinger–Moser type inequalities with logarithmic kernels in dimension N
Authors: Cannone Alessandro , Cingolani Silvia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the article, we investigate Trudinger–Moser type inequalities in presence of logarithmic kernels in dimension N. A sharp threshold, depending on N, is detected for the existence of extremal functions or blow-up, where the domain is the ball or the entire space

$\mathbb{R}^N$

. We also show that the extremal functions satisfy suitable Euler–Lagrange equations. When the domain is the entire space, such equations can be derived by a N-Laplacian Schrödinger equation strongly coupled with a higher order fractional Poisson’s equation. The results extends [16] to any dimension

$N \geq 2$

.
Public Participation as Decentralization of the History-Making Process: The HistorEsch Project in Luxembourg
Authors: Cauvin Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this article, I explore how public participation affects the research and production of history. As a way of making history more accessible, more participatory, and more connected to present-day public engagement with the past, public history fully belongs to the public humanities. In public participation as decentralization of the history-making process: the HistorEsch project in Luxembourg, I discuss the collaboration among historians, artists, and local residents to co-construct new public historical narratives of the town of Esch-sur-Alzette, in Luxembourg. As a paradigm, public history questions and reinvents the role of professional historians who share authority with other actors in the history-making process.