bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Udmurt Exceptional Performer, Dzhakapay
Authors:   Udmurt Institute for Research in History, Language and Literature (UdmFITs UrO RAN), Pchelovodova Irina , Anisimov Nikolai ,   Department of Folkloristics, Estonian Literary Museum, Estonia,   Udmurt Institute for Research in History, Language and Literature (UdmFITs UrO RAN), Izhevsk, Russia
Published: November 2021

This article concentrates on the phenomenon of the individual in the ethnic culture of the Udmurt, bearing in mind that this has never been attempted before. This is a proper framework to analyse Ol’ga Solov’yova’s (1932–2018) personality, who was famous among the people as Dzhaky / Dzhakapay / Dzhaky apay (lit: Aunt Jay). A whole range of reasons justifies scientific interest in her: her huge repertoire of songs and rituals, her ability to improvise freely within her local tradition, her unique musical and auditory skills. The analysis of Dzhakapay’s character allows us to connect the songs of her repertoire and her fate. Many non-ritual songs are in fact autobiographical narratives, dedicated to reflexions on an unhappy fate, on being an orphan. A considerable number of songs in her repertoire belong to the category of so-called personal songs (in Russian: imennyye pesni, ‘name songs’), which represent a kind of personal memoire in musical form. Another unique feature of this performer’s art is her knowledge of songs from neighbouring villages in their original language (Russian, Mari, Tatar) and their translation into Udmurt. Her knowledge of the local traditional rituals made her very important to the local community, in which she was deeply respected. Until the last day of her life, she followed the ontological positions, the rules of behaviour, the canons of ritual and singing performance elaborated by tradition, and attempted to instil them into the people surrounding her. This awakened her genuine interest in the social and scientific milieu. And today, when she is no longer among us, her name is attached to many very different projects.
Public Health Problems associated with Informal Settlements around Waterfront Communities in Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbonna D. N. , Ogbuku J. O. , Ngah S. A. , Ayotamuno A. 
Published: November 2021

Port Harcourt municipality, southern Nigeria, is faced with environmental problems with slums and informal settlements communities, ranging from use of poor and overstressed facilities and inadequate water and electricity supplies and lack appropriate garbage disposal facilities and good drainage systems resulting in perennial flooding due to blocked drainage systems resulting in a number of diseases, such as malaria, diarrhea, cold and cough. Communities are densely populated, with more than five people living in a room. Therefore this study was carried out to assess the public health status of slums/ informal settlements in Port Harcourt Municipality in Rivers state. The study utilized a mixed-method approach. A cross-sectional survey questionnaire and in-depth interview were used to collect data. A total of 180 Questionnaires were distributed across the five (5) selected waterfronts communities in the survey and key informants were interviewed to obtain detailed information about the status of the various communities in the Informal settlements studied. The results of the study revealed that the most prevalent illnesses in all Slums/Informal Settlements were malaria, typhoid, dysentery, diarrhea, coughing, worm infestation, and skin infection. The prevalence rate of infectious disease recorded for all slums/Informal settlements show that Malaria had 15-17%; Typhoid fever14-16%, Diarrhea 11-13%, Dysentery 12-14%, Cough 5-10%, Worm infestation 8-11% and Skin infections 2-4%. However, Malaria remains the foremost killer disease in Nigeria. It accounts for over 25% of under 5 mortality, 30% childhood mortality and 11% maternal mortality. These results suggest that people living in slums are predisposed to severe outbreak of epidemics, therefore requires an urgent attention for comprehensive interventions from the government and other organizations to strengthen existing programs to improve the public health and quality of life of this vulnerable population.
An Anti-radical, Cytoprotective, Anti-proliferative, Anti-inflammatory and Toxicological Assessment of Metallo-porphyrins Isolated from Fresh Leaves of Spinacia oleracea L.
Authors: Das Debashree , Patil Shailendra , Gajbhiye Asmita 
Published: November 2021

Aim: Synthetic lead molecules are associated with host of adverse effects while medicinal molecules isolated from natural sources are blessed with both safety as well as efficacy. The ancient doctrine of Ayurveda ardently advocates the therapeutic virtues contained in green leaves of Spinacia oleracea L. The principal constituent of the leaves is the class of metalloporphyrin chlorophyll, which is also the floral counterpart of faunal heme. Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and chlorophyll-b (Chl-b) are the cardinal members of the chlorophyll family.
Study design: Herein, we have explored the anti-radical, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative efficacy of Chl-a and Chl-b in reference to standard drug and crude extract of Spinacia leaves. The current study is aimed to establish, naturally mined metaloporphyrins as safe and efficacious replacement of synthetic leads that are associated with a wide range of toxicological issues.
Methodology: Using a combination of Silica Gel-G column chromatography and preparative thin layer chromatography, the two principal green metallo-porphyrins (Chl-a and Chl-b) were sequentially extracted and isolated from crude extract of Spinacia oleracea L leaves. Antiradical efficacy, of the isolated green porphyrins was quantified by DPPH and Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay. Cytoprotective efficacy was evaluated using ex-vivo hemolysis assay and anti-inflammatory potency was attested employing carrageenan induced paw edema bioassay. To enumerate on the anti-proliferative potency, MTT assay was employed, while toxicology of the isolates was evaluated employing OECD 420 acute toxicity guidelines.
Findings: The study confirmed that isolated green porphyrins Chl-a and Chl-b as well as crude extract all exerts significant anti-radical, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative efficacy however while potency of Chl-a was at par with that of reference standard and superior to the crude extract, Chl-b clocked in a value inferior to both. Furthermore, acute toxicity study indicated that even at p.o. dose of 2000mg/Kg b.w, no toxicity was manifested in either of the metalloporpyrin treated groups thus ascertaining the safe nature of the naturally mined metalloporphyrin entities. Also naturally mined Chl-a is not only a safer alternative to synthetic medicine but it is more potent and safe than its parent extract popularly used in herbal medicine.
Conclusion: The results of the study indicates that Chl-a having a more profound structural resemblance to heme than Chl-b can be further modulated as a cost-effective and safe anti-radical alternative to synthetic leads in inhibiting inflammation and untoward cell proliferative while extending cyto-protection from pathological ROS generated in diseased states.
Efficacy of GeneXpert in Diagnosing Smear Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Comparison to Culture
Authors: Kashif Munir Muhammad , Ali Iftikhar , Sheikh Ahsan Sattar , Malik Arif , Hanif Asif , Rehman Sana , Munir Samina Khaliq , Ali Qurban 
Published: November 2021

Objectives: Aim of present study is to observe the efficiency of GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay in comparison to MTB culture on Lowenstein Jensen media in diagnosis of smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis cases.
Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in The University of Lahore in collaboration with King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital Lahore 11th September, 2020 to 10th April 2021. Smear negative for acid fast bacilli patients enrolled for anti TB treatment were the target population. After taking informed consent, patients were asked to submit first morning sputum sample for culture on Lowenstein Jensen Medium and GeneXpert.
Results: A total of 345 smear negative TB patients were diagnosed clinically and/or on the basis of radiological findings with mean age of 38.28±17.93,consisting of 47.5% male and 52.5% females recruited in this study. History of TB contact was present among 41.4% patients whereas history of smoking and diabetes remained to be 27.2% and 17.4% respectively. Culture showed significantly higher rate (35.1%) (p-value <0.05) of detection of MTB as compared to GeneXpert (21.5%). A sensitivity of 56.01% was calculated for GeneXpert whereas for culture on LJ medium it was 60.63%.
Conclusion: Sensitivity of GeneXpert MTB/RIF Assay is a bit low in diagnosing the SNPT patients as compared to the culture but still registers itself as a handsome tool in terms of promptness and definite detection of MTB complex. Further provision of rifampicin susceptibility is bonus in same time.
Leadership Skills and their Associated Factors among Pharmacy Students at Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alaaddin Rahaf Nabil , Ibrahim Nahla Khamis , Kadi Mai 
Published: November 2021

Background: Leadership is a vital attribute for the predictive quality of care in healthcare organizations. Leadership has an effective role in improving clinical outcomes, pharmacy practice, and patient satisfaction. However, limited studies have been done on leadership among pharmacy students in Makkah. The current study was conducted to describe the leadership skills and their associated factors among pharmacy students at Umm Al-Qura University (UQU), Makkah.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was done. A multi-stage stratified random sampling technique was used. Stratification considered the gender, educational program (Pharm-D or B-Pharm), and educational year. A standardized data collection sheet was used and asked about personal, sociodemographic data, the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ), Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence (SSREI) scale, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS).
Descriptive statistics were done. Inferential statistics were done using the Student’s t-test and ANOVA for comparing between means. Pearson’s product-moment correlations were also calculated. Multilinear regression models were constructed to determine the leadership predictors.
Results: A total of 400 pharmacy students participated in the study. Pharmacy students had high overall leadership competencies; the mean overall score of ALQ was 57.98 ±7.47. The highest leadership category score was for the internalized moral skills (15.04 ±2.43). Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that the predictors of the overall authentic leadership skills were high EI score (B= 0.4; 95% CI: 0.37-0.44) and absence of depression (B= -1.48; 95% CI: - 2.51, - 0.46). Depression was also negatively associated with self-awareness, internalized moral domains. Marital status, physical activity and father education also associated with different leadership domains.
Conclusion: The predictors of the total authentic leadership skills were the overall EI domain score and absence of depression. Training on both leadership skills, and emotional intelligence is essential. Management of depression and encouraging physical activities are needed for better leadership skills. These efforts may result in the development of highly qualified health care personnel.
Gênero, Família e Literatura Infantil: Homoafetividade em “O Menino que brincava de ser”, de Georgina da Costa Martins
Authors: Gomes Márcia 
Published: November 2021

Este artigo pretende responder à questão: como está posta a relação triádica entre gênero, família e preconceito na obra “O Menino que brincava de ser”, de Georgina da Costa Martins. O foco está em reconhecer na literatura em questão as passagens discursivas que nos permitam analisar: a) o tema da diversidade sexual na obra; b) - as configurações discursivas que revelam as instâncias da família e da sociedade em relação à diversidade sexual; c) - desvendamento das manifestações do preconceito e da identidade sexual, revelando como a obra aborda essas questões. A finalidade da pesquisa é pensar um caminho para refletir a respeito da inserção das discussões de gênero e sexualidade na escola por meio da literatura-infanto juvenil. Dois conjuntos de teóricos serão trazidos para embasar as discussões: 1 - as questões de gênero e sexualidade serão pensadas desde os teóricos da teoria queer; 2 - a expansão das discussões sobre a sexualidade serão realizadas em consonância com proposições mais contemporâneas dos escritos sobre identidade na perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais. Resultou desta pesquisa o fato de que temas como o abordado aqui não encontra eco em muitas instâncias acadêmicas e por este motivo deve ser exposto mais vezes para que alcance patamares maiores de pesquisa e relevância social.
In Situ Sprayed Starvation/Chemodynamic Therapeutic Gel for Post‐Surgical Treatment of IDH1 (R132H) Glioma
Authors: Li Chunying , Wan Yilin , Zhang Yifan , Fu Lian‐Hua , Blum Nicholas Thomas , Cui Run , Wu Boda , Zheng Rui , Lin Jing , Li Zhiming , Huang Peng 
Published: November 2021

AbstractComplete resection of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) (R132H) glioma is unfeasible and the classic post‐surgical chemo/radiotherapy suffers from high recurrence and low survival rate. IDH1 (R132H) cells are sensitive to low concentrations of glucose and high concentrations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to inherent metabolism reprograming. Hence, a starvation/chemodynamic therapeutic gel is developed to combat residual IDH1 (R132H) tumor cells after surgery. Briefly, glucose oxidase (GOx) is mineralized with manganese‐doped calcium phosphate to form GOx@MnCaP nanoparticles, which are encapsulated into the fibrin gel (GOx@MnCaP@fibrin). After spraying gel in the surgical cavity, GOx catalyzes the oxidation of glucose in residual IDH1 (R132H) cells and produces H2O2. The generated H2O2 is further converted into highly lethal hydroxyl radicals (•OH) by a Mn2+‐mediated Fenton‐like reaction to further kill the residual IDH1 (R132H) cells. The as‐prepared starvation/chemodynamic therapeutic gel shows much higher therapeutic efficacy toward IDH1 (R132H) cells than IDH1 (WT) cells, and achieves long‐term survival.
Simultaneous Large Optical and Piezoelectric Effects Induced by Domain Reconfiguration Related to Ferroelectric Phase Transitions
Authors: Finkel Peter , Cain Markys G. , Mion Thomas , Staruch Margo , Kolacz Jakub , Mantri Sukriti , Newkirk Chad , Kavetsky Kyril , Thornton John , Xia Junhai , Currie Marc , Hase Thomas , Moser Alex , Thompson Paul , Lucas Christopher A. , Fitch Andy , Cairney Julie M. , Moss Scott D. , Nisbet Alan Gareth Alexander , Daniels John E. , Lofland Samuel E. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractElectrical switching of ferroelectric domains and subsequent domain wall motion promotes strong piezoelectric activity, however, light scatters at refractive index discontinuities such as those found at domain wall boundaries. Thus, simultaneously achieving large piezoelectric effect and high optical transmissivity is generally deemed infeasible. Here, it is demonstrated that the ferroelectric domains in perovskite Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 domain‐engineered crystals can be manipulated by electrical field and mechanical stress to reversibly and repeatably, with small hysteresis, transform the opaque polydomain structure into a highly transparent monodomain state. This control of optical properties can be achieved at very low electric fields (less than 1.5 kV cm−1) and is accompanied by a large (>10 000 pm V−1) piezoelectric coefficient that is superior to linear state‐of‐the‐art materials by a factor of three or more. The coexistence of tunable optical transmissivity and high piezoelectricity paves the way for a new class of photonic devices.
Overcoming Intensity Saturation in Nonlinear Multiple‐Quantum‐Well Metasurfaces for High‐Efficiency Frequency Upconversion
Authors: Nefedkin Nikita , Mekawy Ahmed , Krakofsky Jonas , Wang Yongrui , Belyanin Alexey , Belkin Mikhail , Alù Andrea 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEngineered intersubband transitions in semiconductor heterostructures featuring multiple quantum wells (MQWs) are shown to support record‐high second‐order nonlinear susceptibilities. By integrating these materials in metasurfaces with tailored optical resonances, it is possible to further enhance photonic interactions, yielding giant nonlinear responses in ultrathin devices. These metasurfaces form a promising platform for efficient nonlinear processes, including frequency upconversion of low‐intensity thermal infrared radiation and harmonic generation, free of phase‐matching constraints intrinsic to bulk nonlinear crystals. However, nonlinear saturation at moderately large pump intensities due to the transfer of electron population into excited subbands facilitated by strongly enhanced light–matter interactions in metasurfaces fundamentally limits their overall efficiency for various nonlinear processes. Here, the saturation limits of nonlinear MQW‐based metasurfaces for mid‐infrared frequency upconversion are significantly extended by optimizing their designs for excitation with a strong pump coherently coupled with unpopulated upper electron subbands. This counterintuitive pumping scheme, combined with tailored material and photonic engineering of the metasurface, avoids saturation at practical levels of continuous‐wave pump intensities, yielding significantly larger upconversion efficiencies than in conventional approaches. The present results open new opportunities for nonlinear metasurfaces, less limited by saturation mechanisms, with important implications for night‐vision imaging and compact nonlinear wave mixing systems.
Colloidal Metal‐Halide Perovskite Nanoplatelets: Thickness‐Controlled Synthesis, Properties, and Application in Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Otero‐Martínez Clara , Ye Junzhi , Sung Jooyoung , Pastoriza‐Santos Isabel , Pérez‐Juste Jorge , Xia Zhiguo , Rao Akshay , Hoye Robert L. Z. , Polavarapu Lakshminarayana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractColloidal metal‐halide perovskite nanocrystals (MHP NCs) are gaining significant attention for a wide range of optoelectronics applications owing to their exciting properties, such as defect tolerance, near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield, and tunable emission across the entire visible wavelength range. Although the optical properties of MHP NCs are easily tunable through their halide composition, they suffer from light‐induced halide phase segregation that limits their use in devices. However, MHPs can be synthesized in the form of colloidal nanoplatelets (NPls) with monolayer (ML)‐level thickness control, exhibiting strong quantum confinement effects, and thus enabling tunable emission across the entire visible wavelength range by controlling the thickness of bromide or iodide‐based lead‐halide perovskite NPls. In addition, the NPls exhibit narrow emission peaks, have high exciton binding energies, and a higher fraction of radiative recombination compared to their bulk counterparts, making them ideal candidates for applications in light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). This review discusses the state‐of‐the‐art in colloidal MHP NPls: synthetic routes, thickness‐controlled synthesis of both organic–inorganic hybrid and all‐inorganic MHP NPls, their linear and nonlinear optical properties (including charge‐carrier dynamics), and their performance in LEDs. Furthermore, the challenges associated with their thickness‐controlled synthesis, environmental and thermal stability, and their application in making efficient LEDs are discussed.
US research needs related to fatigue, sleep, and working hours among oil and gas extraction workers
Authors: Hagan‐Haynes Kyla , Pratt Stephanie , Lerman Steven , Wong Imelda , Baker Angela , Flower David , Riethmeister Vanessa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundDuring 2003–2013, 1189 US oil and gas extraction (OGE) workers died while working, resulting in an average annual workplace fatality rate seven times that for all US workers. OGE work commonly involves long hours, shiftwork, irregular schedules, and long commutes, but effects of these factors on fatigue, occupational injury, and illness in OGE are largely unknown.MethodsA scoping review of relevant OGE research during 2000–2019 was completed and supplemented by input from a NIOSH‐sponsored Forum.ResultsSeventy‐eight papers were identified; 76% reported only offshore research. Five themes for research needs emerged: build knowledge about the impacts of fatigue; explore interactions between on‐ and off‐the‐job risk factors; identify and evaluate interventions; assess effectiveness of technology; and increase the diffusion of fatigue risk management information.ConclusionsFurther collaboration between researchers and OGE operators and contractors can lead to action‐oriented recommendations to mitigate the effects of fatigue, inadequate sleep, and shiftwork.
Differential effectiveness of the Minnesota Safe Patient Handling Act by health care setting: An exploratory study
Authors: Rosebush Christina E. , Schofield Katherine E. , Ramirez Marizen , Zaidman Brian , Erickson Darin J. , Tschida Breca , McGovern Patricia M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Minnesota Safe Patient Handling (MN SPH) Act requires health care facilities to implement comprehensive programs to protect their workers from musculoskeletal injuries caused by lifting and transferring patients. Nursing homes, hospitals, and outpatient facilities each face unique challenges implementing and maintaining SPH programs. The objective of the study was to compare patient handling injuries in these three health care settings and determine whether change in injury rate over time differed by setting following enactment of the law.MethodsWorkers’ compensation data from a Minnesota‐based insurer were used to describe worker and claim characteristics in nursing homes, hospitals, and outpatient facilities. Negative binomial models were used to compare claims and estimate mean annual patient handling claim rates by health care setting and time period following enactment of the law.ResultsConsistent with national data, the patient handling claim rate was highest in Minnesota nursing homes (168 claims/$100 million payroll [95% confidence interval: 163–174]) followed by hospitals (35/$100 million payroll [34–37]) and outpatient facilities (2/$100 million payroll [1.8–2.2]). Patient handling claims declined by 38% over 10 years following enactment of the law (vs. 27% for all other claims). The change in claims over time did not differ by health care setting.ConclusionsIn this single‐insurer sample, declines in workers’ compensation claims for patient handling injuries were consistent across health care settings following enactment of a state SPH law. Though nursing homes experienced elevated claim rates overall, results suggest they are not lagging hospitals and outpatient facilities in reducing patient handling injuries.