bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of magnetic order in multiferroic Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3‐BiFeO3 solid solution
Authors: Li Haijuan , Zhuang Jian , Bokov Alexei A. , Zhang Nan , Zhang Jie , Ren Wei , Ye Zuo‐Guang 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMultiferroic materials have attracted much interest in the last decade due to both the intriguing fundamental science and the potential applications in spintronics and magnetoelectric data storage devices. In this work, we have investigated and discussed the evolution of the magnetic properties of the multiferroic (1‐x)Pb(Fe2/3 W1/3)O3‐xBiFeO3 solid solution ((1‐x)PFW‐xBFO, x = 0, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1 and 0.15). The magnetic phase diagram is established based on the magnetic measurement results, which reveals six magnetically ordered states on the PFW‐rich side of the solid solution. The origins of the complex evolution of magnetic order in the PFW‐BFO solid solution are discussed from the point view of the variations in both the –Fe–O–Fe– and –Fe–O–W–O–Fe– superexchange routes, which are intimately related to the ratio of magnetic Fe3+ ion concentration on the B‐site and the changes in the local structural order/disorder and chemical homogeneities. Combining the magnetic phase diagram with the relaxor characteristic phase diagram of the (1‐x)PFW‐xBFO system, a striking feature is found that the ergodic relaxor (ER) state and the weakly ferromagnetic phase coexist in the composition range of 0.025 ≤ x ≤ 0.1 between the freezing temperature Tf and the Burns temperature TB.
Mechanical properties study of VO2micro‐beam according to metal‐insulator transition
Authors: Kim Youngho , Cho Hyeon Ho , Bae Ji Kwon , Lee Jaeyeong , Lee Sang Hoon , Dong Xue , Asghar Ghulam , Choi Jae‐Young , Yu Hak Ki 
Published: April 2021

AbstractMany attempts have been made to develop applications using the metal‐insulator transition (MIT) phenomenon of VO2. However, the difference in the densities of the two phases poses serious obstacle for those applications, as it can destroy or disable during the phase transformations. For microsized or nanosized devices, this aspect can be critical. We attempted to measure the mechanical properties when the two phases co‐exist, as well as for an individual phase, via in‐situ control of the temperature of plate‐shaped VO2. The lamella structure is formed during MIT. At this time, the stress is applied by the gradient of density, and the residual strain can easily occur at the interface of each phase. Therefore, the co‐exist state was judged to be the most vulnerable during the MIT. The change in mechanical properties of VO2during phase transition was also simulated by finite element method.
Cognitive‐behavioral therapy training for multidisciplinary inpatient psychiatric teams: A novel curriculum using animated simulations
Authors: Cardona Laurie , Barreto Monica , Grodberg David , Martin Andrés 
Published: April 2021

AbstractProblemNurses assume primary responsibility teaching children self‐management skills, yet few of them have formal training in evidence‐based treatments such as cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT).MethodsWe developed a novel CBT training curriculum specifically tailored for nurses and other child psychiatric inpatient team members. The curriculum was anchored in three components: (1) a structured manual; (2) instructional videos of common clinical scenarios using animated simulations; and (3) interactive role‐play exercises. The CBT curriculum was implemented through small group training sessions. We then conducted focus group sessions with the 20 participants to assess change in self‐reported knowledge of, and utilization of CBT skills in clinical practice.FindingsThe curriculum was well received by staff members, who found its content relevant and applicable to their daily inpatient work. Staff reported four main themes: (1) routine clinical care (feelings, challenges, and approaches); (2) CBT utility in practice; (3) CBT training components that facilitated learning of the discrete skills; and (4) professional development needs.ConclusionsWe were able to implement the curriculum within the time and staffing constraints of a clinically active inpatient setting. Future refinements of the model will include videotaped interactions between expert clinicians and simulated patients in high acuity situations.
An autofluorescence‐based survey of late follicular atresia in ovaries of a teleost fish (Thunnus thynnus)
Authors: Medina Antonio , Magro Ana , Paullada‐Salmerón José Antonio , Varela José Luis 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn this study, the authors examined late atretic follicles in the ovaries of Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (Linnæus 1758), at different times of the year using transmitted light and epifluorescence microscopy. Atresia (degeneration and resorption of developing ovarian follicles) is a natural process involved in fecundity downregulation in teleosts and is substantially enhanced in stressful conditions. Early (α and β) atretic stages of yolked oocytes have a relatively short duration in seasonally reproducing species, whereas later (γ and δ) atretic follicles (LAF) persist for longer time in the ovary, serving as a sign of previous vitellogenic activity. LAF can thus be used as reliable markers of maturity during non‐reproductive periods. Lipofuscin granules accumulate in the cytoplasm of LAF cells as a result of lysosomal digestion of oocyte components. Taking advantage of the well‐known autofluorescent properties of lipofuscins, LAF may be identified in unstained histological sections under fluorescence microscopy using appropriate excitation and emission wavelengths. The authors explore in this study the applicability of fluorescence microscopy to provide a fast and effective method to assess late atresia in fishes. This method may be particularly useful to determine sexual maturity in individuals sampled long after the spawning season, where LAF are difficult to detect in standard histological sections. Furthermore, LAF autofluorescence provides a rapid way to quantify late atresia in fishes using image analysis.
Proportion of SARS‐CoV‐2 positive tests and vaccination in Veterans Affairs Community Living Centers
Authors: Rudolph James L. , Hartronft Scotte , McConeghy Kevin , Kennedy Michael , Intrator Orna , Minor Lisa , Hubert Terrence L. , Goldstein Mary K. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesCOVID‐19 has caused significant morbidity and mortality in nursing homes. Vaccination against SARS‐COV‐2 holds promise for reduction in COVID‐19. This operational analysis describes the proportion of SARS‐COV‐2 positive tests before, during, and after vaccination.DesignRetrospective longitudinal cohort analysis from October 1, 2020 until February 14, 2021.SettingA total of 130 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Community Living Centers (CLC), analogous to nursing homes.InterventionVaccination for SARS‐CoV‐2.MeasurementsThe primary measure is the proportion of SARS‐CoV‐2 positive tests among CLC residents. In a pooled analysis of weekly testing and vaccine data, the proportion of positive tests was compared for the unvaccinated, first dose, and second dose. For each CLC, we identified the week in which 50% of CLC residents were vaccinated (index week). The analysis aligned the index week for CLCs and examined the proportion of SARS‐CoV‐2 positive tests at the CLC level before and after. As a reference, we plotted the proportion of positive tests in nursing homes in the same county as the CLC using publicly reported data.ResultsWithin the pooled VA CLCs, the first SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine dose was delivered to 50% of CLC residents within 1 week of availability and second dose within 5 weeks. Relative to the index week, the risk ratio of SARS‐CoV‐2 positive tests in the vaccinated relative to unvaccinated was significantly lower in Week 4 (relative risk 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.20–0.68). Throughout the study period, the proportion of SARS‐CoV‐2 positive tests in community nursing homes was higher compared to VA CLC and also declined after vaccine availability.ConclusionThe proportion of SARS‐CoV‐2 positive tests significantly declined in VA CLCs 4 weeks after vaccine delivery and continued to decline in vaccinated and unvaccinated residents. The results describe the importance of SARS‐CoV‐2 surveillance and vaccination in VA nursing home residents.
Determination of the refractive index and wavelength‐dependent optical properties of few‐layer CrCl within the Fresnel formalism
Authors: Kazim Shafaq , Gunnella Roberto , Zannotti Marco , Giovannetti Rita , Klimczuk Tomasz , Ottaviano Luca 
Published: April 2021

SummaryBased on previous reports on the optical microscopy contrast of mechanically exfoliated few layer CrCl transferred on 285 nm and 270 nm SiO on Si(100), we focus on the experimental determination of an effective mean complex refractive index via a fitting analysis based on the Fresnel equations formalism. Accordingly, the layer and wavelength‐dependent absorbance and reflectance are calculated. Layer and wavelength‐dependent optical contrast curves are then evaluated demonstrating that the contrast is significantly high only around well‐defined wavelength bands. This is validated a posteriori, by experimental UV‐Vis absorbance data. The present study aims to show the way towards the most reliable determination of thickness of the 2D material flakes during exfoliation.
Complications of Botulinum toxin A: An update review
Authors: Kroumpouzos George , Kassir Martin , Gupta Mrinal , Patil Anant , Goldust Mohamad 
Published: April 2021

AbstractCosmetic surgery procedures have increased manifolds all over the world owing to the ever‐increasing demand of people to look beautiful and young. Injectable treatments like botulinum toxin are becoming more popular owing to their rapid, well‐defined, and lasting results for the reduction of facial fine lines, wrinkles, and facial rejuvenation. These emerging treatments are quite safe but can have certain adverse effects. In this article, we have highlighted the complications and side effects of botulinum toxin based on the anatomical location. The possible causes and precautions to prevent these complications are also discussed. The search of literature included peer‐reviewed articles including clinical trials and scientific reviews. Literature was identified from electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed) through January 2021 and references of respective articles and only the articles published in English language were included.
Scrutiny, legal socialization, and defiance: Understanding how procedural justice and bounded‐authority concerns shape Muslims’ defiance toward police
Authors: Murphy Kristina 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPolice rely on citizens to report crime and victimization. Yet for many people low levels of trust in police and concerns about unjust police treatment impact their willingness to engage proactively with police. For some, defying police authority is common. This can be particularly so for ethnic, racial, and religious minority groups. The personal and vicarious experiences these groups have with police play an important role in the legal socialization process, shaping how they perceive and behave toward police. As a religious minority group Muslims have experienced intense scrutiny from police. As such, the current study examines how and why Muslims defy police authority. Using survey data from 398 Australian Muslims, this study tests whether Muslims’ concerns about procedural justice and bounded‐authority violations (i.e., the belief that police overstep the boundaries of acceptable authority) have differential effects on two types of defiance: resistance and disengagement. Findings show that Muslims’ concerns about procedural justice are most important for understanding resistance, while disengagement is dominated by concerns about perceived boundary violations. Further, procedural justice moderates the association between bounded‐authority concerns and resistance, but not disengagement. The implications of these findings for the legal socialization process, theory, and police practice are discussed.
Potential use of naturally colored antioxidants in the food industry—A study of consumers' perception and acceptance
Authors: Bordim Jéssica , Lise Carla Cristina , Marques Caroline , Oldoni Tatiane Cadorin , Varela Paula , Mitterer‐Daltoé Marina Leite 
Published: April 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the influences of color and awareness of the presence of three different naturally colored antioxidants, were studied using the projective consumer method Word Association. Moringa, propolis, and red grape pomace extracts were added to three different food products categories (bread, yogurt, and pate) as case studies. To explore the influence of the presence of natural antioxidants in the colored products, two conditions were applied: blind condition (unawareness) and informed condition (awareness). Hedonic scores were concurrently collected using a facial scale with seven points. Results exposed that an unfamiliar color, in food products with added naturally colored antioxidants, did not have a strong impact on consumers' perception of the appearance. The awareness of the presence of natural antioxidants, positively influenced consumers' perception and acceptance. Results also demonstrated that a naturally colored antioxidant from propolis could not be used in all food categories. The problem highlighted by consumers was not attributed to the color, but to the off‐flavor presented by the propolis extract.Practical applicationsTo increase natural antioxidant use by the food industry, consumers' perception emerge as important tools. The addition of a natural antioxidant in the color of the final product is important information for consumers and for future industrial applications, especially if they provide unfamiliar colors to the products.
Skin microvascular function and renal hemodynamics in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Bouman Emma J. , Smits Mark M. , van Bommel Erik J. , Muskiet Marcel H. A. , Hesp Anne C. , Serné Erik H. , Joles Jaap A. , van Raalte Daniël H. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveDiabetic kidney disease is a microvascular complication of diabetes. Here, we assessed the association between skin microvascular function and renal hemodynamic function in a cohort of well‐phenotyped adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D).MethodsWe included 81 overweight/obese adults (age: 62 ± 8 years; BMI: 32 ± 4 kg/m2) with well‐controlled T2D and no renal impairment. Skin microvascular function was assessed by nailfold capillary density in rest and after arterial occlusion (ie, peak capillary density). Renal hemodynamic functions (ie, measured glomerular filtration rate [mGFR], effective renal blood flow [ERBF], filtration fraction [FF], and effective renal vascular resistance [ERVR]) were assessed by combined inulin and para‐aminohippurate clearances and blood pressure measurements.ResultsSkin capillary density was 45 ± 10 capillaries/mm2 at baseline and 57 ± 11 capillaries/mm2 during post‐occlusive peak; mGFR averaged 108 ± 20 ml/min. In multivariable regression analyses, positive associations between capillary density during post‐occlusive peak and mGFR (β = 0.224; p = 0.022) and ERBF (β = 0.203; p = 0.020) and a positive trend for hyperemia and mGFR (β = 0.391; p = 0.053) were observed, while a negative association for post‐occlusive capillary density with ERVR (β = −0.196; p = 0.027) was found.ConclusionThese findings indicate that microvascular dysfunction in overweight adults with T2D is associated with lower mGFR and ERPF and higher ERVR. We hypothesize that increased renal vascular resistance may contribute to glomerular dysfunction due to impaired renal perfusion.
In vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns of Trichophytonbenhamiae complex isolates from diverse origin
Authors: Shamsizadeh Forough , Ansari Saham , Zarei Mahmoudabadi Ali , Hubka Vít , Čmoková Adéla , Guillot Jacques , Rafiei Abdollah , Zomorodian Kamiar , Nouripour‐Sisakht Sadegh , Diba Kambiz , Mohammadi Tooba , Zarrinfar Hossein , Rezaei‐Matehkolaei Ali 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundSpecies from the Trichophyton benhamiae complex are mostly zoophilic dermatophytes which cause inflammatory dermatophytosis in animals and humans worldwide.ObjectivesThis study was purposed to (a) to identify 169 reference and clinical dermatophyte strains from the T benhamiae complex species by molecular method and adhering to the newest taxonomy in the complex (b) to evaluate the in vitro antifungal susceptibility profile of these strains against eight common and new antifungal agents that may be used for the treatment of dermatophytosis.MethodsAll isolates, mainly originated from Europe but also from Iran, Japan and USA, were subjected to ITS‐rDNA sequencing. The in vitro antifungal susceptibility profiles of eight common and new antifungal drugs against the isolates were determined by CLSI M38‐A2 protocol and according to microdilution method.ResultsBased on the ITS‐rDNA sequencing, T benhamiae was the dominant species (n = 102), followed by T europaeum (n = 29), T erinacei (n = 23), T japonicum (n = 10), Trichophyton sp (n = 4) and T eriotrephon (n = 1). MIC ranges across all isolates were as follows: luliconazole: 0.0002–0.002 µg/ml, terbinafine: 0.008–0.125 µg/ml, efinaconazole: 0.008–0.125 µg/ml, ciclopirox olamine: 0.03–0.5 µg/ml, itraconazole: 0.06–2 µg/ml, griseofulvin: 0.25–4 µg/ml, amorolfine hydrochloride: 0.125–4 µg/ml and tavaborole: 1–16 µg/ml.ConclusionLuliconazole, efinaconazole and terbinafine were the most potent antifungals against T benhamiae complex isolates, regardless of the geographic locations where strains were isolated. These data might help dermatologists to develop effective therapies for successful treatment of infections due to T benhamiae complex species.
Biogeography of global drylands
Authors: Maestre Fernando T. , Benito Blas M. , Berdugo Miguel , Concostrina‐Zubiri Laura , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Eldridge David J. , Guirado Emilio , Gross Nicolas , Kéfi Sonia , Le Bagousse‐Pinguet Yoann , Ochoa‐Hueso Raúl , Soliveres Santiago 
Published: April 2021

SummaryDespite their extent and socio‐ecological importance, a comprehensive biogeographical synthesis of drylands is lacking. Here we synthesize the biogeography of key organisms (vascular and nonvascular vegetation and soil microorganisms), attributes (functional traits, spatial patterns, plant–plant and plant–soil interactions) and processes (productivity and land cover) across global drylands. These areas have a long evolutionary history, are centers of diversification for many plant lineages and include important plant diversity hotspots. This diversity captures a strikingly high portion of the variation in leaf functional diversity observed globally. Part of this functional diversity is associated with the large variation in response and effect traits in the shrubs encroaching dryland grasslands. Aridity and its interplay with the traits of interacting plant species largely shape biogeographical patterns in plant–plant and plant–soil interactions, and in plant spatial patterns. Aridity also drives the composition of biocrust communities and vegetation productivity, which shows large geographical variation. We finish our review by discussing major research gaps, which include: studying regular vegetation spatial patterns; establishing large‐scale plant and biocrust field surveys assessing individual‐level trait measurements; knowing whether the impacts of plant–plant and plant–soil interactions on biodiversity are predictable; and assessing how elevated CO2modulates future aridity conditions and plant productivity.
Functional morphology of plants – a key to biomimetic applications
Authors: Speck Olga , Speck Thomas 
Published: April 2021

SummaryLearning from living organisms has emerged from a mainly curiosity‐driven examination, where helpful functions of biological structures have been copied, into systematic biomimetic approaches that transfer a targeted function and its underlying principles from the biological model to a technical product. Plant biomimetics is based on functional morphology, which combines the knowledge gained from the morphology, anatomy and mechanics of plants and makes a statement about their form–structure–function relationship. Since the functional morphology of plants has become key to biomimetic applications, we present its central role in deciphering the functional principles that can be applied to engineering solutions. We consider that the future of biomimetics will include bioinspired developments that will contribute to better sustainability than that achieved by conventional products.
Repressors of anthocyanin biosynthesis
Authors: LaFountain Amy M. , Yuan Yao‐Wu 
Published: April 2021

SummaryAnthocyanins play a variety of adaptive roles in both vegetative tissues and reproductive organs of plants. The broad functionality of these compounds requires sophisticated regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway to allow proper localization, timing, and optimal intensity of pigment deposition. While it is well‐established that the committed steps of anthocyanin biosynthesis are activated by a highly conserved MYB‐bHLH‐WDR (MBW) protein complex in virtually all flowering plants, anthocyanin repression seems to be achieved by a wide variety of protein and small RNA families that function in different tissue types and in response to different developmental, environmental, and hormonal cues. In this review, we survey recent progress in the identification of anthocyanin repressors and the characterization of their molecular mechanisms. We find that these seemingly very different repression modules act through a remarkably similar logic, the so‐called ‘double‐negative logic’. Much of the double‐negative regulation of anthocyanin production involves signal‐induced degradation or sequestration of the repressors from the MBW protein complex. We discuss the functional and evolutionary advantages of this logic design compared with simple or sequential positive regulation. These advantages provide a plausible explanation as to why plants have evolved so many anthocyanin repressors.
A transcriptional regulatory module controls lipid accumulation in soybean
Authors: Lu Long , Wei Wei , Li Qing‐Tian , Bian Xiao‐Hua , Lu Xiang , Hu Yang , Cheng Tong , Wang Zhou‐Ya , Jin Meng , Tao Jian‐Jun , Yin Cui‐Cui , He Si‐Jie , Man Wei‐Qun , Li Wei , Lai Yong‐Cai , Zhang Wan‐Ke , Chen Shou‐Yi , Zhang Jin‐Song 
Published: April 2021

Summary

Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important oilseed crops. However, the regulatory mechanism that governs the process of oil accumulation in soybean remains poorly understood.

In this study, GmZF392, a tandem CCCH zinc finger (TZF) protein which was identified in our previous RNA‐seq analysis of seed‐preferred transcription factors, was found to function as a positive regulator of lipid production.

GmZF392 promotes seed oil accumulation in both transgenic Arabidopsis and stable transgenic soybean plants by binding to a bipartite cis‐element, containing TG‐ and TA‐rich sequences, in promoter regions, activating the expression of genes in the lipid biosynthesis pathway. GmZF392 physically interacts with GmZF351, our previously identified transcriptional regulator of lipid biosynthesis, to synergistically promote downstream gene expression. Both GmZF392 and GmZF351 are further upregulated by GmNFYA, another transcription factor involved in lipid biosynthesis, directly (in the former case) and indirectly (in the latter case). Promoter sequence diversity analysis showed that the GmZF392 promoter may have been selected at the origin of the Glycine genus and further mildly selected during domestication from wild soybeans to cultivated soybeans.

Our study reveals a regulatory module containing three transcription factors in the lipid biosynthesis pathway, and manipulation of the module may improve oil production in soybean and other oilseed crops.