bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the model of offering expanded genetic carrier screening to high school students within the Sydney Jewish community
Authors: Barlow-Stewart Kristine , Bardsley Kayley , Elan Elle , Fleming Jane , Berman Yemima , Fleischer Ron , Recsei Krista , Goldberg Daniel , Tucker John , Burnett Leslie 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPrograms offering reproductive genetic carrier screening (RGCS) to high school students within the Ashkenazi Jewish community in several countries including Canada and Australia have demonstrated high uptake and retention of educational messages over time. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether testing for an expanded number of conditions in a high school setting would impact the effectiveness of education. In this questionnaire-based study, genetic carrier testing for nine conditions was offered to 322 year 11 students from five high schools, with students attending a compulsory 1-h education session prior to voluntary testing. Comparison of pre- and post-education measures demonstrated a significant increase in knowledge, positive attitudes, and reduced concern immediately after the education session. Retention of knowledge, measures of positive attitude, and low concern over a 12-month period were significantly higher than baseline, although there was some reduction over time. In total, 77% of students exhibited informed choice regarding their intention to test. A significant increase in baseline knowledge scores and positive attitude was also demonstrated between our original 1995 evaluation (with testing for only one condition) and 2014 (testing for nine conditions) suggesting community awareness and attitudes to RGCS have increased. These findings validate the implementation of effective education programs as a key component of RGCS and are relevant as gene panels expand with the introduction of genomic technologies.
Can a key boreal Calanus copepod species now complete its life-cycle in the Arctic? Evidence and implications for Arctic food-webs
Authors: Tarling Geraint A. , Freer Jennifer J. , Banas Neil S. , Belcher Anna , Blackwell Mayleen , Castellani Claudia , Cook Kathryn B. , Cottier Finlo R. , Daase Malin , Johnson Magnus L. , Last Kim S. , Lindeque Penelope K. , Mayor Daniel J. , Mitchell Elaine , Parry Helen E. , Speirs Douglas C. , Stowasser Gabriele , Wootton Marianne 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe changing Arctic environment is affecting zooplankton that support its abundant wildlife. We examined how these changes are influencing a key zooplankton species, Calanus finmarchicus, principally found in the North Atlantic but expatriated to the Arctic. Close to the ice-edge in the Fram Strait, we identified areas that, since the 1980s, are increasingly favourable to C. finmarchicus. Field-sampling revealed part of the population there to be capable of amassing enough reserves to overwinter. Early developmental stages were also present in early summer, suggesting successful local recruitment. This extension to suitable C. finmarchicus habitat is most likely facilitated by the long-term retreat of the ice-edge, allowing phytoplankton to bloom earlier and for longer and through higher temperatures increasing copepod developmental rates. The increased capacity for this species to complete its life-cycle and prosper in the Fram Strait can change community structure, with large consequences to regional food-webs.
Substituents interplay in piperidinyl-perylenediimide as dopant-free hole-selective layer for perovskite solar cells fabrication
Authors: Payno David , Salado Manuel , Andresini Michael , Gutiérrez-Moreno David , Huang Peng , Ciriaco Fulvio , Kazim Samrana , Sastre-Santos Ángela , Fernández-Lázaro Fernando , Ahmad Shahzada 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe charge selective layer is of significance for the fabrication of emerging photovoltaics, including perovskite-based solar cells. Molecular hole transport materials (HTMs) are being employed as charge transporters, owing to their synthetic molecular flexibility that allows the fine-tuning of their electro-optical properties. Typically, doping of HTMs is essential, but it is a trade-off between long-term durability and device performance. The energetic level of perylenediimides (PDIs) was altered by the position of the substituent. The substituent’s position influences the geometry of the PDI core, which can lose planarity, thus presenting a core twist angle between the two naphthalene subunits to find its application as hole-selective layers for fabrication. We have fabricated perovskite solar cells, with pristine PDI, and it gave a competitive performance. New design protocols for PDIs are required for aligned energetic levels, which will minimize recombination losses in solar cells, favoring a performance enhancement.
Graphical abstract
Reduced Rainfall in Future Heavy Precipitation Events Related to Contracted Rain Area Despite Increased Rain Rate
Authors: Armon Moshe , Marra Francesco , Enzel Yehouda , Rostkier‐Edelstein Dorita , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Adam Ori , Dayan Uri , Morin Efrat 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHeavy precipitation events (HPEs) can lead to deadly and costly natural disasters and are critical to the hydrological budget in regions where rainfall variability is high and water resources depend on individual storms. Thus, reliable projections of such events in the future are needed. To provide high‐resolution projections under the RCP8.5 scenario for HPEs at the end of the 21st century, and to understand the changes in sub‐hourly to daily rainfall patterns, weather research and forecasting (WRF) model simulations of 41 historic HPEs in the eastern Mediterranean are compared with “pseudo global warming” simulations of the same events. This paper presents the changes in rainfall patterns in future storms, decomposed into storms' mean conditional rain rate, duration, and area. A major decrease in rainfall accumulation (−30% averaged across events) is found throughout future HPEs. This decrease results from a substantial reduction of the rain area of storms (−40%) and occurs despite an increase in the mean conditional rain intensity (+15%). The duration of the HPEs decreases (−9%) in future simulations. Regionally maximal 10‐min rain rates increase (+22%), whereas over most of the region, long‐duration rain rates decrease. The consistency of results across events, driven by varying synoptic conditions, suggests that these changes have low sensitivity to the specific synoptic evolution during the events. Future HPEs in the eastern Mediterranean will therefore likely be drier and more spatiotemporally concentrated, with substantial implications on hydrological outcomes of storms.
Imprints of Ocean Chaotic Intrinsic Variability on Bottom Pressure and Implications for Data and Model Analyses
Authors: Zhao Mengnan , Ponte Rui M. , Penduff Thierry , Close Sally , Llovel William , Molines Jean‐Marc 
Published: November 2021

AbstractVariations in ocean bottom pressure are important for understanding ocean circulation and climate. While most studies have focused on atmospherically driven variability, here we use eddy‐permitting large ensemble simulation output from the OceaniC Chaos–ImPacts, strUcture, predicTability (OCCIPUT) project to isolate chaotic intrinsic variability generated by nonlinear oceanic processes. Analyzing separately the mean seasonal cycle and remainder variability in intra‐annual (60–365 days) and subseasonal (2–60 days) bands, we find intrinsic variations larger than atmospherically driven ones over eddy‐active regions across all timescales, particularly in the intra‐annual range, where intrinsic variations dominate in almost 25% of the oceans. At scales larger than mesoscale, intrinsic variability is still considerable, supporting the process of energy inverse cascade toward lower frequency and larger scales. Results highlight the importance of intrinsic variability over a range of spatiotemporal scales and provide new insights on the interpretation of GRACE‐like observations and their de‐aliasing procedures.
Statistical Spectral Characteristics of Three‐Dimensional Winds in the Mesopause Region Revealed by the Andes Lidar
Authors: Li Qian , Zhang Shao Dong , Huang Chun Ming , Huang Kai Ming , Gong Yun , Gan Quan , Liu Alan Z. , Yan Yan Ying , Liu Hang 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBy analyzing data recorded at the Andes Lidar Observatory in Cerro Pachon, Chile (30.3°S, 70.7°W) from May 2014 to July 2019, we investigated the fundamental features of three‐dimensional wind and temperature spectra. The vertical wavenumber spectral amplitudes of horizontal winds show obvious seasonal variations that are closely related to the seasonal variations in the source and background winds. The wavenumber spectral slopes of the horizontal winds are systematically less negative than −3, with mean values of −1.96 and −2.18 for zonal and meridional winds, respectively. The zonal and meridional wind frequency spectra have mean slopes of −1.37 and −1.56, respectively; these values are slightly less negative than −5/3. Moreover, the frequency spectral amplitudes show different seasonal variations from those of the wavenumber spectra, possibly because they correspond to different GW spectral components. The vertical wind has obviously different spectral features than the horizontal winds. The vertical wind spectra are notably shallower than the horizontal wind spectra, with mean slopes of −0.82 and −0.91 for the wavenumber and frequency spectra, respectively, departing evidently from those expected under linear instability theory (LIT). Although the vertical wind spectrum is almost always separable, the horizontal wind spectra are separable only at high frequencies. As the frequency increased, the horizontal wind wavenumber spectra become shallower and depart from the spectral slope expected under LIT, likely because high‐frequency GWs are not completely saturated. In general, our results do not support LIT.
Seasonal Hydroclimate Recorded in High Resolution δ18O Profiles Across Pinus palustris Growth Rings
Authors: Lukens William E. , Narmour Robert T. , Schubert Brian A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractRainfall amount and intensity are increasing under anthropogenic climate change, but many instrument records span less than a century. The oxygen isotopic composition of tree‐ring cellulose (δ18Ocell) reflects local source water, climate, and tree physiology. The patterns of δ18Ocell within tree‐rings has the potential to extend pre‐instrument climate records with subannual resolution, but the influences on intra‐ring δ18Ocell profiles are unexplored in many settings. In this study, high‐resolution δ18Ocell profiles were analyzed on three longleaf pine trees growing in a native savanna in Louisiana, United States. The time series covers a wide range of rainfall conditions from 2001 to 2008 C.E. with a total of 421 δ18Ocell analyses. The δ18Ocell values for individual years are well correlated with each other both within and between trees (r = 0.71–0.78). We used principal components analysis and k‐means clustering to differentiate δ18Ocell profiles into two groupings: symmetrical δ18Ocell profiles versus asymmetrical profiles that have depressed latewood δ18Ocell values. The slope of latewood δ18Ocell profiles and mean δ18Ocell values of latewood tissue correlate with total June‐November precipitation. We hypothesize that poorly drained soils in the study area mediate the influence of any individual storm event: in dry years, 18O‐depleted signals from convective storms are moderated by subsequent evaporative enrichment of standing water, whereas in wet years, increased humidity and frequent re‐supply of 18O‐depleted water overrides evaporative enrichment effects, resulting in low δ18Ocell of latewood. These results suggest that δ18Ocell proxies for tropical storm occurrence need to account for soil conditions at the site of tree growth.
Horizontal and Vertical Deformation Rates Linked to the Magallanes‐Fagnano Fault, Tierra Del Fuego: Reconciling Geological and Geodetic Observations by Modeling the Current Seismic Cycle
Authors: Mendoza L. P. O. , Richter A. , Marderwald E. R. , Hormaechea J. L. , Connon G. , Scheinert M. , Dietrich R. , Perdomo R. A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWe integrate geodetic, geological and seismological observations in Tierra del Fuego, into a consistent and quantitative analysis, to better understand the current crustal deformation associated to the Magallanes‐Fagnano Fault, that is, the transform boundary between the South American and Scotia plates at the southern tip of Patagonia. To obtain reliable geodetic estimates of the thickness of the seismogenic layer, we model the current seismic cycle from the great 1949 Mw ≃ 7.7 earthquake to the present, including the lasting effects of postseismic relaxation. The model parameters are constrained by Global Navigation Satellite System velocities obtained by reprocessing 24 years of observations in the island with up‐to‐date models and satellite products. We combine the observed deformation rates with long‐term geological estimates of the slip rate in this transform system during the Holocene. The modeling results point to a seismogenic layer thickness of 15 ± 3 km and to fault planes inclined 63° ± 4°, dipping to the South. Along the sections of the Magallanes‐Fagnano Fault in the island these results are consistent with a seismic moment deficit rate, per unit of length, of 3.2 ± 0.8 × 1012 N m a−1 km−1, and a cumulative seismic moment, to date, equivalent to an earthquake of magnitude Mw ≃ 7. The postseismic viscoelastic relaxation, probably related to viscous flow in the mantle, affects the entire region up to ∼200 km away from the Magallanes‐Fagnano Fault, and more than 60 years after the earthquake.
Chronic cortisol differentially impacts stem cell-derived astrocytes from major depressive disorder patients
Authors: Heard Kelly J. , Shokhirev Maxim N. , Becronis Caroline , Fredlender Callie , Zahid Nadia , Le Amy T. , Ji Yuan , Skime Michelle , Nelson Timothy , Hall-Flavin Daniel , Weinshilboum Richard , Gage Fred H. , Vadodaria Krishna C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder, and exposure to stress is a robust risk factor for MDD. Clinical data and rodent models have indicated the negative impact of chronic exposure to stress-induced hormones like cortisol on brain volume, memory, and cell metabolism. However, the cellular and transcriptomic changes that occur in the brain after prolonged exposure to cortisol are less understood. Furthermore, the astrocyte-specific contribution to cortisol-induced neuropathology remains understudied. Here, we have developed an in vitro model of “chronic stress” using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes treated with cortisol for 7 days. Whole transcriptome sequencing reveals differentially expressed genes (DEGs) uniquely regulated in chronic cortisol compared to acute cortisol treatment. Utilizing this paradigm, we examined the stress response transcriptome of astrocytes generated from MDD patient iPSCs. The MDD-specific DEGs are related to GPCR ligand binding, synaptic signaling, and ion homeostasis. Together, these data highlight the unique role astrocytes play in the central nervous system and present interesting genes for future study into the relationship between chronic stress and MDD.
Unusual terahertz-wave absorptions in δ/α-mixed-phase FAPbI3 single crystals: interfacial phonon vibration modes
Authors: Maeng Inhee , Lee Seungjun , Han E. Q. , Zhang Yurou , Oh Seung Jae , Nakamura Masakazu , Yun Jung-Ho , Wang Lianzhou , Kwon Young-Kyun , Jung Min-Cherl 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe terahertz (THz)-wave absorption properties in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OHP) materials are investigated with the in-depth development of OHP-based THz applications. In the THz range from 0.5 to 3 THz, OHPs typically show several interesting phonon modes such as transverse, longitudinal, and halogen self-vibrations. To modulate these frequencies, the density changes in defect-incorporated structures and element mixtures were tested and confirmed. In the literature, the origin of phonon modes in OHP materials have been mostly explained. However, we found new phonon vibration modes in formamidinium (FA)-based hybrid perovskite structures. FAPbI3 single crystals, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, of the δ-, δ/α-mixed-, and α-phases were prepared. We intriguingly found that the δ/α-mixed-phase exhibited significant THz-wave absorption peaks at 2.0 and 2.2 THz that were not related to any phonon modes from either the δ- or α-phases, although the δ/α-mixed-phase sample was confirmed to be formed by a physical combination of the δ- and α-phases without the creation of any new chemical states. Our theoretical study performed with ab initio calculations provides an explanation for these unusual THz-wave absorption behaviors; they originate from the novel vibration modes excited at the seamless interfaces in the mixed phase of FAPbI3.
Field-like spin–orbit torque induced by bulk Rashba channels in GeTe/NiFe bilayers
Authors: Jeon Jeehoon , Cho Seong Won , Lee OukJae , Hong Jinki , Kwak Joon Young , Han Seungwu , Jung Soonho , Kim Yunseok , Ko Hye-Won , Lee Suyoun , Lee Kyung-Jin , Koo Hyun Cheol 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMost studies of the Rashba effect have focused on interfacial Rashba spin–orbit coupling. Recently, bulk Rashba materials have attracted considerable interest owing to their potential to enhance the Rashba spin–orbit torque. By employing a bulk Rashba material, GeTe, as a spin–orbit channel in GeTe/NiFe bilayers, a large field-like spin–orbit torque up to 15.8 mT/(107 A cm−2) is measured. This value is one of the largest reported field-like torques and is attributed to the interfacial spin–orbit coupling being enhanced by the bulk Rashba effect in the GeTe channel. Furthermore, the large field-like torque is maintained even for a 20-nm-thick NiFe layer. This unconventional dependence on the thickness of both the GeTe and NiFe layers cannot be described by conventional theory, but it is believed to stem from the additional bulk Rashba effect-induced term. The large field-like torque over a wide range of ferromagnet thicknesses results in scalable in-plane spin–orbit torque devices. This result calls for a further theoretical study on spin transport in heterostructures, including bulk Rashba materials.
New climate models reveal faster and larger increases in Arctic precipitation than previously projected
Authors: McCrystall Michelle R. , Stroeve Julienne , Serreze Mark , Forbes Bruce C. , Screen James A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAs the Arctic continues to warm faster than the rest of the planet, evidence mounts that the region is experiencing unprecedented environmental change. The hydrological cycle is projected to intensify throughout the twenty-first century, with increased evaporation from expanding open water areas and more precipitation. The latest projections from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) point to more rapid Arctic warming and sea-ice loss by the year 2100 than in previous projections, and consequently, larger and faster changes in the hydrological cycle. Arctic precipitation (rainfall) increases more rapidly in CMIP6 than in CMIP5 due to greater global warming and poleward moisture transport, greater Arctic amplification and sea-ice loss and increased sensitivity of precipitation to Arctic warming. The transition from a snow- to rain-dominated Arctic in the summer and autumn is projected to occur decades earlier and at a lower level of global warming, potentially under 1.5 °C, with profound climatic, ecosystem and socio-economic impacts.
A meritocratic network formation model for the rise of social media influencers
Authors: Pagan Nicolò , Mei Wenjun , Li Cheng , Dörfler Florian 
Published: November 2021

AbstractMany of today’s most used online social networks such as Instagram, YouTube, Twitter, or Twitch are based on User-Generated Content (UGC). Thanks to the integrated search engines, users of these platforms can discover and follow their peers based on the UGC and its quality. Here, we propose an untouched meritocratic approach for directed network formation, inspired by empirical evidence on Twitter data: actors continuously search for the best UGC provider. We theoretically and numerically analyze the network equilibria properties under different meeting probabilities: while featuring common real-world networks properties, e.g., scaling law or small-world effect, our model predicts that the expected in-degree follows a Zipf’s law with respect to the quality ranking. Notably, the results are robust against the effect of recommendation systems mimicked through preferential attachment based meeting approaches. Our theoretical results are empirically validated against large data sets collected from Twitch, a fast-growing platform for online gamers.
Tissue fluidity mediated by adherens junction dynamics promotes planar cell polarity-driven ommatidial rotation
Authors: Founounou Nabila , Farhadifar Reza , Collu Giovanna M. , Weber Ursula , Shelley Michael J. , Mlodzik Marek 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe phenomenon of tissue fluidity—cells’ ability to rearrange relative to each other in confluent tissues—has been linked to several morphogenetic processes and diseases, yet few molecular regulators of tissue fluidity are known. Ommatidial rotation (OR), directed by planar cell polarity signaling, occurs during Drosophila eye morphogenesis and shares many features with polarized cellular migration in vertebrates. We utilize in vivo live imaging analysis tools to quantify dynamic cellular morphologies during OR, revealing that OR is driven autonomously by ommatidial cell clusters rotating in successive pulses within a permissive substrate. Through analysis of a rotation-specific nemo mutant, we demonstrate that precise regulation of junctional E-cadherin levels is critical for modulating the mechanical properties of the tissue to allow rotation to progress. Our study defines Nemo as a molecular tool to induce a transition from solid-like tissues to more viscoelastic tissues broadening our molecular understanding of tissue fluidity.
Neuropilin 1 regulates bone marrow vascular regeneration and hematopoietic reconstitution
Authors: Termini Christina M. , Pang Amara , Fang Tiancheng , Roos Martina , Chang Vivian Y. , Zhang Yurun , Setiawan Nicollette J. , Signaevskaia Lia , Li Michelle , Kim Mindy M. , Tabibi Orel , Lin Paulina K. , Sasine Joshua P. , Chatterjee Avradip , Murali Ramachandran , Himburg Heather A. , Chute John P. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIonizing radiation and chemotherapy deplete hematopoietic stem cells and damage the vascular niche wherein hematopoietic stem cells reside. Hematopoietic stem cell regeneration requires signaling from an intact bone marrow (BM) vascular niche, but the mechanisms that control BM vascular niche regeneration are poorly understood. We report that BM vascular endothelial cells secrete semaphorin 3 A (SEMA3A) in response to myeloablation and SEMA3A induces p53 – mediated apoptosis in BM endothelial cells via signaling through its receptor, Neuropilin 1 (NRP1), and activation of cyclin dependent kinase 5. Endothelial cell – specific deletion ofNrp1orSema3aor administration of anti-NRP1 antibody suppresses BM endothelial cell apoptosis, accelerates BM vascular regeneration and concordantly drives hematopoietic reconstitution in irradiated mice. In response to NRP1 inhibition, BM endothelial cells increase expression and secretion of the Wnt signal amplifying protein, R spondin 2. Systemic administration of anti - R spondin 2 blocks HSC regeneration and hematopoietic reconstitution which otherwise occurrs in response to NRP1 inhibition. SEMA3A – NRP1 signaling promotes BM vascular regression following myelosuppression and therapeutic blockade of SEMA3A – NRP1 signaling in BM endothelial cells accelerates vascular and hematopoietic regeneration in vivo.