bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Developments in Enantioselective Organocatalytic Cascade Reactions for the Construction of Halogenated Ring Systems
Authors: Maria Faisca Phillips Ana , Pombeiro Armando J. L. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractChiral halogenated substances have many applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials, such as polymers, liquid crystals and as intermediates in synthesis. The presence of a halogen atom in a molecule can have a large effect in its properties; for instance, halogens are used in drugs to improve lipophilicity, membrane permeability and absorption, and even the blood‐brain barrier permeability. As highlighted in this review, there are nowadays a range of highly selective, versatile halogenating reagents, electrophilic, nucleophilic or radical in nature, which operate under mild conditions, allowing late‐stage functionalization of complex molecules in cascade reactions. Recent developments in organocatalyst design revealed novel Cinchona alkaloids derivatives, chiral phosphoric acids, amines, phosphines and several bifunctional catalysts, mostly thiourea‐ or squaramide‐based, which introduced chirality, with high levels of enantio‐ and diastereoselection, in the formation of one or multiple chiral centers in a single synthetic operation, as shown. In this review we survey the literature published in this field from 2014 to 2020.
After Action Reviews of COVID‐19 response: Case study of a large tertiary care hospital in Italy
Authors: Sorbello Sebastiano , Bossi Eleonora , Zandalasini Camilla , Carioli Greta , Signorelli Carlo , Ciceri Fabio , Ambrosio Alberto , Zangrillo Alberto , Odone Anna 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundAfter‐Action Reviews (AARs) are management tools used to evaluate the response to public health emergencies at the national and subnational level. Aim of this study is to apply available AAR models to assess and critically appraise COVID‐19 response of San Raffaele Scientific Institute, a large university hospital in Milan, Italy.MethodsWe designed an AAR based on the key‐informant interview format, following the methodology proposed by the 2019 World Health Organization Guidance for AAR. After systematic assessment of the hospital reorganization, we conducted 36 semi‐structured interviews to professionals with executive, clinical, technical and administrative roles. We designed an ad‐hoc questionnaire exploring four areas: (i) staff management; (ii) logistics and supplies; (iii) COVID‐19 diagnosis and clinical management; (iv) communication.ResultsOverall, the hospital response was evaluated as effective and sufficiently prompt. Participants stressed the relevance of: (i) strong governance and coordination; (ii) readiness and availability of healthcare personnel; (iii) definition of a model of care based on a multidisciplinary approach. Challenges were reported for communication management and staff training.ConclusionsThis study is one of the first applications of the AAR to the COVID‐19 response in hospital settings, which can be successfully adapted or scaled up to other settings in order to implement preparedness strategies for future public health emergencies.
Testing cost containment of future healthcare with maintained or improved quality—The COSTCARES project
Authors: Swedberg Karl , Cawley Desmond , Ekman Inger , Rogers Heather L. , Antonic Darijana , Behmane Daiga , Björkman Ida , Britten Nicky , Buttigieg Sandra C. , Byers Vivienne , Börjesson Mats , Corazzini Kirsten , Fors Andreas , Granger Bradi , Joksimoski Boban , Lewandowski Roman , Sakalauskas Virgilijus , Srulovici Einav , Törnell Jan , Wallström Sara , Wolf Axel , Lloyd Helen M. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing healthcare costs need to be contained in order to maintain equality of access to care for all EU citizens. A cross‐disciplinary consortium of experts was supported by the EU FP7 research programme, to produce a roadmap on cost containment, while maintaining or improving the quality of healthcare. The roadmap comprises two drivers: person‐centred care and health promotion; five critical enablers also need to be addressed: information technology, quality measures, infrastructure, incentive systems, and contracting strategies.MethodIn order to develop and test the roadmap, a COST Action project was initiated: COST−CARES, with 28 participating countries. This paper provides an overview of evidence about the effects of each of the identified enablers. Intersections between the drivers and the enablers are identified as critical for the success of future cost containment, in tandem with maintained or improved quality in healthcare. This will require further exploration through testing.ConclusionCost containment of future healthcare, with maintained or improved quality, needs to be addressed through a concerted approach of testing key factors. We propose a framework for test lab design based on these drivers and enablers in different European countries.
E‐cadherin (CDH1) gene –160C/A polymorphism and the risk of colorectal cancer: A meta‐analysis involving 17,291 subjects
Authors: Ye Chun‐Cui , Wang Jun 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe E‐cadherin (CDH1) polymorphism has been implicated in the susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the results remain inconclusive. The present meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the association between the CDH1–160C/A polymorphism and CRC risk.MethodsRelevant studies were retrieved by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI and Wanfang databases up to 11 March 2021. Pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated using either the fixed‐ or random‐effects model. Quality evaluation was carried out using Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). A trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted to reduce the risk of type I error.ResultsIn total, 16 studies from 14 articles with 8699 patients and 8592 controls were included. In general, all studies were of high quality (NOS score higher than 6). Overall, no significant associations between the CDH1 –160C/A polymorphism and CRC risk were detected. In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, source of control, genotyping method and location, significant associations were found between the CDH1–160C/A polymorphism and the risk of CRC in the Caucasians and the hospital‐based subgroup. Furthermore, 10 studies with 8019 subjects reported the association between the polymorphism and clinical characteristics in CRC patients, and we found that the CDH1–160C/A polymorphism might show a protective role in the distal CRC subgroup. By TSA, the findings in the present study were based on sufficient evidence in Caucasians, but not in Asians.ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis suggests that the CDH1–160C/A polymorphism may be an important protective factor for CRC in Caucasians and a hospital‐based subgroup. Moreover, the polymorphism show a protective role in the distal CRC group. However, large and well‐designed studies are warranted to validate our findings, especially for Asians.
The strong clique index of a graph with forbidden cycles
Authors: Cho Eun‐Kyung , Choi Ilkyoo , Kim Ringi , Park Boram 
Published: June 2021

AbstractGiven a graph , the strong clique index of , denoted , is the maximum size of a set of edges such that every pair of edges in has distance at most 2 in the line graph of . As a relaxation of the renowned Erdős–Nešetřil conjecture regarding the strong chromatic index, Faudree et al. suggested investigating the strong clique index, and conjectured a quadratic upper bound in terms of the maximum degree. Recently, Cames van Batenburg, Kang, and Pirot conjectured a linear upper bound in terms of the maximum degree for graphs without even cycles. Namely, if is a ‐free graph with , then , and if is a ‐free bipartite graph, then . We prove the second conjecture in a stronger form, by showing that forbidding all odd cycles is not necessary. To be precise, we show that a ‐free graph with satisfies , when either or and is also ‐free. Regarding the first conjecture, we prove an upper bound that is off by the constant term. Namely, for , we prove that a ‐free graph with satisfies . This improves some results of Cames van Batenburg, Kang, and Pirot.
Technical evaluation of a clinical, bi‐planar, digital and upright X‐ray imaging unit
Authors: Kelly Charlotte , Delakis Ioannis 
Published: June 2021

AbstractWe describe the technical evaluation of the commercially available, clinical, bi‐planar, low dose, digital X‐ray system (EOS System, EOS imaging, France). The unit is used for upright, weight‐bearing musculoskeletal pathologies, in particular, in the spine and lower limbs. The evaluation incorporated tests on the X‐ray generator performance, radiation/imaging field alignment, dose area product accuracy and image quality. The assessment methodology was based on objective parameters and required equipment readily available for technical evaluation of other radiological equipment. Results demonstrated that the system performs well within acceptable performance criteria with regard to X‐ray generator performance, radiation/imaging field alignment and dose area product accuracy. In addition, results from the image‐quality assessment were aligned with previously published work. The work presented in this article can be used for the technical evaluation of the EOS System at other clinical sites.
Clinical and radiographic predictors of cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead failure at the time of initial implantation
Authors: Kim Eun‐jeong , Davogustto Giovanni , Huang Shi , Crossley George H. , Montgomery Jay A. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the clinical and radiographic factors associated with lead failure by comparing subjects with lead failure within 10 years of implantation with an implant‐year‐matched group without lead failure.MethodsA case‐control study with 49 subjects who received Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) between January 1, 1999 and July 31, 2008 and developed lead failure within 10 years of implantation in a single center. The control group consisted of subjects (n = 54) with normally functioning leads matched one‐to‐one by implant year.ResultsAmong the failure group, the meantime from implantation to device lead failure was 4.70 ± 2.94 years. Older age at implantation was associated with a lower likelihood of lead failure (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.28 (75 vs 42 years old), 95% CI 0.12‐0.63, P = .002). A larger smallest loop diameter on the chest radiograph was also associated with a lower likelihood of lead failure (OR = 0.51 (31 vs 14 mm), 95% CI 0.27‐0.97, P = .04). CIED type (defibrillator vs pacemaker) and Ottawa scores were not significantly associated with lead failure. Among lead‐specific parameters, defibrillation lead vs pace‐sense lead was associated with lead failure (OR = 3.91, 95% CI 1.95‐7.81, P < .001).ConclusionsYounger age, defibrillation leads, and small lead loops are associated with lead failure in CIEDs. Techniques to avoid tight loops in the pocket could potentially reduce the risk of lead failure and bear important implications for the implanting physician.
Selvester score predicts implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks in patients with non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Arısoy Fazıl , Ozcan Celebi Ozlem , Erbay İlke , Tufekcioglu Omaç , Aydoğdu Sinan , Temizhan Ahmet 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe implantable cardiac defibrillator is the cornerstone of prevention of sudden cardiac death in non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy. The Selvester score, which is frequently investigated in ischemic cardiomyopathy, has not been investigated in the field of non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the Selvester score for determining appropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator shocks in non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy patients.Materials and methodsIn all, 131 non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy patients were included in the study. A simplified Selvester score was calculated from ECG data. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they received ICD shock.ResultsOf the patients, 28.2% received appropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator shock. The Selvester score was significantly higher in patients receiving appropriate shock when compared to patients with no implantable cardiac defibrillator shocks (8.8 ± 4.6 vs 7.2 ± 3.3, P = .040). The median QRS duration was significantly longer in patients receiving appropriate shock than in patients with no shocks (130.14 ± 35.08 ms vs 120.12 ± 20.57 ms, P = .045). We determined that the cutoff value for the Selvester score to predict ICD shocks was 6.5 with a sensitivity of 72.0% and a specificity of 83% (AUC = 0.717; %95 GA: 0.627‐0.807, P < .001).ConclusionSelvester score was higher in patients receiving appropriate shock than in patients who did not receive any implantable cardiac defibrillator shock. From this study, the Selvester score is associated with the risk of ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation in non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy so that careful attention is necessary to manage the patients with high Selvester score.
The differential implications of employee narcissism for radical versus incremental creativity: A self‐affirmation perspective
Authors: Mao Jih‐Yu , Quan Jing , Li Ye , Xiao Jincen 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIn this paper, we investigate the differential implications of employee narcissism for radical versus incremental creativity. Drawing on self‐affirmation theory, we argue that narcissistic employees are likely to demonstrate more radical than incremental creativity in the workplace because a more extreme form of creativity can more strongly affirm their feelings of uniqueness and superiority. Results from a scenario experiment and a three‐wave, multisource survey reveal that creative self‐efficacy is a key underlying mechanism that facilitates narcissistic employees to exhibit radical and incremental creativity. The indirect relationships are more salient when the supervisor has higher expectations for creativity from employees. Furthermore, the conditional indirect effect is stronger on radical than incremental creativity. Contributions to the literature and management practices are also addressed.
Ultra‐compact tunable fiber laser for coherent anti‐Stokes Raman imaging
Authors: Gottschall Thomas , Meyer‐Zedler Tobias , Schmitt Michael , Huber Robert , Popp Juergen , Tünnermann Andreas , Limpert Jens 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThis work describes the construction of an ultra‐compact narrowband fiber laser source for coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering microscopy of Raman tags, that is, for addressing Raman resonances of deuterated molecules and alkyne tags in the spectral range from 2080 to 2220 cm−1. A narrowband and fast electronically tunable cw seed source based on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) emitting around 1335 nm has been employed to seed four‐wave mixing (FWM) in an endlessly single mode fiber (ESM) pumped by a ps pulse duration Yb‐fiber laser. A conversion efficiency of 50% is demonstrated. This compact fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) has been used to perform coherent anti‐Stokes Raman imaging experiments of crystalline deuterated palmitic acid.
Simple method for the determination of anthelmintic drugs in milk intended for human consumption using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Bustamante‐Rangel Myriam , Delgado‐Zamarreño María Milagros , Rodríguez‐Gonzalo Encarnación 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDHelminth infections in animals to be consumed by humans are an important medical and public health problem. Pharmaceutical research has focused on developing new anthelmintic drugs for parasite control in these animals. However, the incorrect use of anthelmintics can leave residues in animal products intended for human consumption. Their determination is therefore crucial in terms of food safety.RESULTSIn this work, a simple and sensitive method has been developed for the analysis of anthelmintic drugs in milk. The method involves extraction of the analytes using a QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method, and separation and determination by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The use of a core‐shell column significantly reduced the analysis time compared with conventional columns. The method was validated and applied to the analysis of different commercial milk samples: whole, semi‐skimmed and skimmed cows' milk, and goats' milk. None of the benzimidazoles studied was found in the samples analyzed, so these were spiked with the analytes at three concentration levels (10, 50, and 100 μg kg−1).CONCLUSIONSThe proposed method provided high sensitivity compared with other methods for the determination of anthelmintics in milk samples, at concentration levels well below the established maximum residue limit (MRLs) values. The proposed method is simple, easy, precise, accurate, and leads to good recovery levels. It can be used successfully for the routine analysis. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The Impact of Hostility on Quality of Life, Functioning, and Suicidal Ideation Among Male Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Wells Stephanie Y. , Brennan Carolyn L. , Van Voorhees Elizabeth E. , Beckham Jean C. , Calhoun Patrick S. , Clancy Carolina P. , Hertzberg Michael A. , Dillon Kirsten H. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractVeterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) often experience high levels of hostility. Although studies have found that PTSD is associated with poorer quality of life (QoL), increased functional impairment, lower levels of social support, and increased suicidal ideation, it is unclear if hostility impacts these domains in veterans with PTSD above and beyond the impact from PTSD and depressive symptoms. The present study aimed to examine whether hostility is related to several indices of poorer QoL and functioning after controlling for demographic characteristics, PTSD symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Participants (N = 641) were male U.S. veterans seeking PTSD treatment through a specialty clinic in the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System. Veterans completed the Davidson Trauma Scale for DSM‐IV (DTS), Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI), Quality of Life Inventory, and the Sheehan Disability Scale. Hierarchical regressions were conducted to examine the impact of PAI measures of hostility on QoL, functioning, social support, and suicidal ideation beyond DTS, depression, race, and age. After covarying for DTS total score, depression symptoms, age, and race, higher levels of hostility were significantly associated with higher degrees of functional impairment and lower degrees of social support, ΔR2 = .01 and ΔR2 = .02, respectively. Higher levels of hostility were significantly related to diminished functioning and lower social support beyond PTSD and depressive symptoms in veterans seeking treatment for PTSD. These findings highlight the importance of assessing and treating hostility in veterans with PTSD.
Small dop of comonomer, giant shift of cloud point: Thermo‐responsive behavior and mechanism of poly(methylacrylamide) copolymers with an upper critical solution temperature
Authors: Lu Jianlei , Zhou Xionglin , Sun Jialin , Xu Mengdi , Zhang Mingming , Zhao Chuanzhuang 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPoly(methylacrylamide) (PMAM) is a thermo‐responsive polymer with an upper critical solution temperature (UCST). Its cloud point (Tcp) is around 60 °C, unsuitable for certain biomedical and industrial applications. This study brought up a copolymerization strategy to tune the Tcp of PMAM with hydrophilic comonomers. Surprisingly, with a small portion of hydrophilic monomer doped, the Tcp of the PMAM copolymer can be significantly shifted. For instances, with ≤7 mol% of acrylamide or 1 mol% of oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate, the Tcp can be shifted in a wide range from ~69 to ~0 °C. Microdifferential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that the enthalpic effect during the phase transition of the solutions is indistinctive, while fluorescence measurement with pyrene as a probe revealed that the hydrogen‐bonding within polymer chains is enhanced by the hydrophobic aggregation of methyl groups. Therefore, the doped hydrophilic monomer could remarkably alter the ordering of water‐molecules and the extent for the aggregation of methyl groups, leading to the pronounced shifting in the Tcp of the copolymers. This work would facilitate the application of PMAM as smart polymer materials and guide the inventions of functional materials based on UCST polymers.
Ivermectin and outcomes from Covid‐19 pneumonia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trial studies
Authors: Hariyanto Timotius Ivan , Halim Devina Adella , Rosalind Jane , Gunawan Catherine , Kurniawan Andree 
Published: June 2021

SummaryIvermectin is an FDA‐approved drug for a parasitic disease that has broad antiviral activity. This study aims to analyse the efficacy of ivermectin in improving the Covid‐19 outcomes. We systematically searched the PubMed, Europe PMC and ClinicalTrials.gov database using specific keywords related to our aims until 10th May 2021. All published randomized clinical trial studies on Covid‐19 and ivermectin were retrieved. The quality of the study was assessed using Jadad scale assessment tool for clinical trial studies. Statistical analysis was done using Review Manager 5.4 software. A total of 19 studies with 2768 Covid‐19 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. This meta‐analysis showed that ivermectin was associated with reduction in severity of Covid‐19 (RR 0.43 [95% CI 0.23–0.81], p = 0.008), reduction of mortality (RR 0.31 [95% CI 0.15–0.62], p = 0.001), higher negative RT‐PCR test results rate (RR 1.23 [95% CI 1.01–1.51], p = 0.04), shorter time to negative RT‐PCR test results (mean difference [MD] −3.29 [95% CI −5.69, −0.89], p = 0.007), higher symptoms alleviations rate (RR 1.23 [95% CI 1.03−1.46], p = 0.02), shorter time to symptoms alleviations (MD −0.68 [95% CI −1.07, −0.29], p = 0.0007) and shorter time to hospital discharge (MD −2.66 [95% CI −4.49, −0.82], p = 0.004). Our study suggests that ivermectin may offer beneficial effects towards Covid‐19 outcomes. More randomized clinical trial studies are still needed to confirm the results of our study.
Hydronephrosis and hydroureter secondary to ureteral stricture due to congenital circumcaval ureter and concomitant levoposition of the caudal vena cava in a Bernese Mountain Dog
Authors: Izquierdo Robert Laura , Puig Jordi , Garcia Elena , Domínguez Elisabet , Vizcaino Reves Nuria 
Published: June 2021

AbstractA two‐year‐old, neutered male Bernese Mountain Dog was evaluated for chronic vomiting. CT imaging revealed left hydronephrosis and hydroureter secondary to ureteral constriction due to congenital circumcaval ureter and concomitant levoposition of the caudal vena cava (CVC). Nephroureterectomy was performed, and clinical signs were fully resolved. Although congenital circumcaval ureter has been described significantly in cats, only two cases in dogs were previously reported. Its clinical relevance depends upon the grade of luminal stenosis. This report offers details of the first fully described case with clinical signs, imaging findings, treatment and follow‐up, including histopathology, of a severe pyelectasia caused by entrapment of the ureter by the transposition of the CVC in a dog.