bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional Carbon Peak Detection and Prediction – A Case Study on Fujian Province
Authors: Chen Keren , Cai Qiyuan , Zheng Nan , Li Yinan , Lin Changyong , Li Yuanfei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
General Secretary Xi Jinping has repeatedly promised the world that “we strive to reach the peak of carbon dioxide emissions before 2030, and strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060”. As the first national ecological civilization experimental zone, Fujian has the ability and responsibility to become the “pioneer” and “vanguard” of national carbon emission reduction work. This paper analyzes the status of carbon emissions in Fujian Province, makes predictions on future changes in carbon emissions, and analyzes the situation of carbon peaks in Fujian. First, different source data is input into the prediction system to yield a prediction result of Fujian carbon emission from 2021 to 2060. Next, the Theil-Sen estimator is utilized to find the carbon emission trend of the past 5 years. Following this, the Mann-Kendall trend test scheme is applied to verify the “carbon peak” status of Fujian province. Finally, if the “carbon peak” is not reached yet, the slope estimation method provides anxilliary results of reaching “carbon peak”.
Experimental Study on Reinforced Soil Properties Improved by Soda Residue: Study on Resource Utilization of Industrial Soda Residue
Authors: Yan Feng , Lina Xian , Qi Tao , Junde Zhou , Bing Jiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Soda residue is a kind of solid waste produced in soda production by ammonia-soda process. At present, researching on its large-scale application is mainly used to improve subgrade filling, cushion and other structures as civil engineering materials. In order to promote the application of reinforced soda slag improved soil in subgrade and cushion structure, the unconfined compression test of reinforced soda slag improved soil under five kinds of reinforced structure (standard specimen height, grid layer n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) was adopted. The test results show that: (1).Reinforcement can make up for the strength reduction of soda slag improved soil compared with lime improved soil; (2).After reinforcement treatment, the compressive properties of soda residue improved soil are obviously improved, for the five reinforcement forms used in the test, the strength reaches the peak value when n = 3; (3).Improving the compactness during sample preparation can effectively improve the unconfined compressive strength of reinforced soda residue improved soil sample, and reduce its anti deformation ability.
Effect on Characteristics and Unsteady Pressure Fluctuation of Circulation Correction Factor in Axial Pump
Authors: Li G P , Lu Z , Ma Z L , Chen C S , Zhang Y , Chen E Y 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The blade of axial pump is twisted excessively by the constant circulation design, which gives rise to the excessive angle of attack at the blade root, reduces efficiency in low flow rates, causes larger pressure pulsation and flow excitation force, aggravates the vibration of axial flow pump. In this paper, the constant circulation correction method is used to design the impeller model of axial-flow pump, and four impeller models with different correction factor distribution at the blade root are obtained. Flow fields of axial flow pump with four different impeller models are simulated using computational fluid dynamics method. The numerical results show that the root circulation correction factor has a great influence on the pressure fluctuation. In addition, the calculation results also show that the greater the pressure fluctuation intensity is, the lower the efficiency of the axial-flow pump is.
The Feasibility Study on the Infrastructure of Swapping Battery Station for Electric Motorcycles in Thailand
Authors: Chutima Parames , Tiewmapobsuk Viranya 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Thailand is a country where people rely on personal vehicles, especially conventional motorcycles which are the main source of the air pollution crisis in the country due to their emissions are containing tons of toxic gas. Hence, the Thai government announces the national strategic plan to switch from conventional fuel vehicles to electric ones by 2035. Currently, The EVs main strategic encouragements focus on electric cars charging stations which pervasive distributed in Bangkok and vicinity provinces. Since electric motorcycles(EMs)require different battery charging methods. Therefore, to be the guideline the potential solutions of these issues, the objective of this study introduces the feasibility of the occurrence of swapping battery Infrastructure for EMs based on previously successful implementation cases from several countries and the conclusion of EMs activities’ s movement from the EMs working group of Thai automotive industries association. This study proposes the entire ecosystem of electric motorcycles along with the main resources of swapping battery infrastructure for EMs. It is concluded that to accelerate the EMs adoption in Thailand, the government is the main trigger to stimuli the related affiliations.
Response of Power Load to Meteorological Factors: an Empirical Study from Anhui, China
Authors: Song Xinpei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Based on the 15min-by-15min power load in Anhui Province from 2016 to 2018 and the daily meteorological data in the same period, the response of power load to climate change is analyzed. On the basis of calculating weather load rate, CDD, and HDD, multivariate regression analysis, time series linear regression analysis establishes a multivariate regression model and a time-fixing effect model of electroculation temperature response, respectively. The results show that the change of temperature has a significant effect on power load. Humidity also has a significant impact on load changes in months with warming demand. CDD and HDD play a positive role in the growth of inter-provincial power load, and the elasticity coefficient of CDD is less than that of HDD. The basic results have passed the robustness test.
Research on Optimal Power Flow Calculation Method for Multi-wind Power Distribution Network
Authors: Guo Rui , Ye Hanwen , Song Chen , Gao Wei 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The comprehensive consideration of the uncertainty and correlation factors in the power system is of great significance for the comprehensive evaluation of the optimal power flow. For the edge distribution of wind speed in wind fields, the non-parametric kernel density estimation method is adopted in this paper. For the wind speed combined distribution model of multiple wind fields, due to its own characteristics and the complexity of taking the correlation into account, the vine copula function was used in this paper to construct the model. Then, the three-point estimation method is used to generate independent random vectors in the standard normal space, and based on the combined distribution model, Rosenblatt inverse transformation is used to map the random vectors into correlated wind speed vectors. Finally, 2N+1 deterministic optimal power flow calculation is completed according to the interior point method, and the probability statistics information of each state quantity of power system is obtained. Taking the actual wind speed in a certain area as an example, the combined distribution model of multiple wind fields is constructed, and the probabilistic optimal power flow calculation is carried out in the power supply system containing multiple wind fields. The simulation results show that the method presented in this paper gives consideration to the accuracy and efficiency of the calculation.
Active and Passive Voltage Arc-suppression Technology in Distribution Network
Authors: Hao BAI , Shuhui PAN , Changcheng ZHOU , Zhiyong YUAN , Lifang WU 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The current arc suppression method can theoretically compensate the ground current to zero, but it can only be estimated by the inherent parameters of the system because the fault point current cannot be measured directly. The compensation effect is not easy to observe directly, and the current arc suppression method cannot adapt to the change of distribution network. Voltage arc suppression is a emerging arc suppression method. There are various problems hinder the large-scale popularization and application of the new arc suppression technology in practical applications. This article discusses the differences between active and passive voltage arc suppression principles, technical characteristics, and technical difficulties that need to be resolved, and discusses the development direction of voltage suppression technology.
Effect of Flow Rate and Concentration of Water / TiO2 Nanofluid on the Performance of Heat Exchanger
Authors: Alasmari Faisal Z , Jassim Esam I , Ahmed Faizan 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, nanofluids are plays a prominent role in enhancing the mechanism of the heat transfer. However, some nanofluids could have adverse impact on environment. The main objective of this work is to experimentally investigate the improvement of mixing nanoparticle (Titanium Oxide in this case) with the conventional fluid (water) on the heat exchanger performance. Various concertation of the nanoparticle and different flow rates of nanofluid are tested to observe the variation of the Number of Transfer Unit (NTU) as well as the exchanger effectiveness. Exchanger/Environment interaction is also of interest in the study. The heat transfer between the exchanger and the atmosphere is quantified at different flowrates. Results shows that presence of nanoparticle does improve the exchanger performance and such enhancement is augmented with the increase in the flowrate of the nanofluid. Mixing more particles of TiO2 ameliorates the energy interaction of the hot/cold fluids. Nevertheless, the loss of heat to the atmosphere is shown to increase.
Forecasting Hydrogen Energy Production in China base on Multi Grey Model
Authors: Geng Nana , Li Jiayan , He Yan , Gao Haiying , Zhao Shuyue 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
As hydrogen energy becomes an important fuel energy, the demand is also increasing. With the rapid development of hydrogen energy industry in China, the application of hydrogen energy is more and more extensive. In order to predict the hydrogen energy production in China, three grey models, GM(1, 1) model, DGM model and Grey Verhulst model, were established according to the data of hydrogen energy production in China from 2009 to 2019. Through the comparison and analysis of the predicted data, it is concluded that the Verhulst model is more accurate and more suitable for the prediction and analysis of China’s hydrogen energy production. At the same time, the prediction results also show that the hydrogen energy production prediction model established by using grey theory is feasible in practical work. According to the prediction model, China’s hydrogen energy from 2020 to 2021 will be 22.81 million tons and 22.96 million tons respectively.
Engineering Properties of Paving stones made with Bamboo ash as a Partial Replacement for Cement
Authors: Adeboje Adeyemi Oluwaseun , Modupe Abayomi Emmanuel , Fadugba Olaolu George , Busari Ayobami Adebola 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Agricultural and industrial wastes are recently being considered for recycling and reuse as likely replacements for cement in the production of concrete and paving stone. Bamboo ash was evaluated as a partial replacement for cement for the production of paving stones with the intent of reducing the carbon-di-oxide emission from cement; and also to enhance environment friendliness. Paving stone is used worldwide for road paving, external works of buildings and ancillary works of embankments and drains. This study investigated the effects of replacing 5, 10 and 15% cement with bamboo ash on the compressive strength of paving stone in a mix proportion of 1:1.38:2.73 and water-cement ratio of 0.4 while the paving stones were cured for 3, 7 and 28 days, respectively. Chemical composition, setting time and standard consistency tests were done on cement; specific gravity, moisture content and sieve analysis tests were performed on aggregates while slump, bulk density and compressive strength tests were conducted on the paving stone samples. Cement recorded a 25% standard consistency; with initial setting time of 23 minutes and final setting time of 276 minutes. Cement had 61.8% Calcium Oxide (CaO) and 21.2% Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) as its major oxide constituents while bamboo ash had 52.49% Silicon Dioxide (SiO2), 14.91% Calcium Oxide (CaO) and 12.71% Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) as its major oxide constituents. The sand had specific gravity (SG) of 2.55 while the granite had SG of 2.73. The marginal reduction of the compressive strength of the modified bamboo ash paving stones from those of the plain paving stones at 5 % substitution of cement with bamboo ash was achieved.
Impact Assessment of the Current Waste Management Practices in Nigeria
Authors: Noiki Ayodeji A. , Afolalu Sunday A. , Yusuf Olabisi Omolola , Emetere Moses E. , Ongbali Samson O. , Oloyede Olamilekan R , Joseph Olufunmilayo O. , Banjo Solomon O. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractWaste management practices differ from nation to nation depending on the waste sources, types, and characteristics. It plays a vital role in nature’s ability to sustain life within its capability. In many developing nations of the world, it has become a recurrent challenge, especially in urban areas. Waste generation in Nigeria is on the increase due to the rise in population resulting from the techno-economic development in cities and the pattern of production and consumption of materials. The current waste management practices in the nation are fast becoming a national issue and unsustainable, leading to apparent environmental risk. This study presents a systematic review of existing literature, significant aspects of the existing novels was assessed: waste characterization, waste management practices, ecological impacts, public-private partnership, ethical issues, and legal framework and challenges militating against the current waste practices. This study shows that the existing waste management methods are ineffective and the demand for an all-inclusive waste management approach, proper execution, and enforcement of environmental regulations and laws.
Detection of Rice Plant Diseases using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Purbasari I Y , Rahmat B , Putra PN C S 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Agricultural sector is the main sector that plays an important role in the national economy, from absorbing labours to playing as a contributor for foreign exchange. Indonesia is an agrarian country whose livelihood of the majority population is farming. Rice is one of the cultivation plants that becomes the staple food of most population. Thus, rice availability and its quality are factors that must be put in high consideration, either for national consumption or for export quality. This study aims to detect diseases in rice plants (by observing the leaves) that may cause a decrease in rice production or may result in bad quality rice using an artificial intelligent approach. The method used in this research is Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). This CNN is the result of the development of multilayer perception (MLP) which is used to manage two-dimensional data. The input from CNN is in the form of 2-dimensional data which is then propagated on a network with parameters at different weights and linear operations. CNN is one method of deep learning. The CNN method has many types of layers, namely the convolution layer, the subsampling / pooling layer, and the fully connected layer. This study uses different CNN architectures to find the best accuracy value. This study used four types of leaf diseases in rice plants with each type of disease consisting of 2,239 training image data and 168 image data. This research has succeeded in detecting diseases in leaf images automatically with the best training accuracy obtained at 91%.
Design and Development of Fuzzy Logic Control Systems on Bottled Drinking Water Pressing Equipment
Authors: Budiarto Hairil , Dafid Ach 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPressing system in drinking water in the form of glass is mostly completly in all scale production. Almost all companies large or small use this tool in its packaging. There is often a decline in the quality of bottled water caused by peeling off the lid on the package. Peeling off the lid of bottled water is caused by the pressing process when drinking water production does not match the glass material and the temperature of the pressing device. The thickness and temperature of the pressing tool as an indicator or input in obtaining pressure output (pressing) for the quality of drinking water packaging results. Therefore this study will discuss the design of control systems in the process of pressing bottled drinking water. input adalah ketebalan bahan kaca dan suhu pada proses pers. The system will be controlled using the fuzzy logic control method to obtain the value of the pressure at the system output.
Water Availability Study using NRECA Model (Embung Sei Fatimah North Kalimantan Case Study)
Authors: Trilita Minarni Nur , Suryandari Wahyu , Handajani Novie 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Analysis of water availability is very much needed for the management of water resources, for example the construction of a reservoir in a certain area. To analyze the availability of water, it can be done from observational discharge data, but if the discharge data is not available, then using the runoff rain model. One model is NRECA. In this paper, a study was conducted on the availability of water in the reservoir area in Nunukan, North Kalimantan. Construction of reservoirs in the area to meet the needs of clean water in the area. The model used is NRECA. From the calculation results obtained by the availability of water with a probability of occurrence of 90% between 0.001 m3 / s - 0.012 m3 / s.
Comments on the paper “Studies on third order nonlinear optical properties of Nickel Boro Phthalate NLO crystal”
Authors: Srinivasan Bikshandarkoil R , Maorajkar Sudesh M 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The authors of the title paper (Mater. Res. Express 6 (2019) 116213) claim to have grown a nickel boro phthalate (NBP) crystal by the slow evaporation method. A critical analysis of the paper reveals that the so-called NBP is an improperly characterized material. A reinvestigation of the crystal growth reaction has been performed to unambiguously characterize the product. In this letter to the Editor, it is proved that nickel boro phthalate neither contains nickel nor phthalate but is, in fact, boric acid.
Local field-interaction approach to the Dirac monopole
Authors: Kang Kicheon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
We introduce the local field interaction approach to Dirac magnetic monopoles. Our analysis reveals two physically different types of a monopole. The first type is free of singularity, and the field angular momentum plays an essential role in the interaction. The second type is described as an endpoint of an invisible semi-infinite flux tube (a Dirac string). Notably, a different phase factor

(
−
1
)

n

exists between the two types where n is the quantum number of the field angular momentum. Our study provides a realistic description of the two types of monopoles. Various aspects of these monopoles are discussed, including the Maxwell dual of the Dirac string, exchange symmetry, and an analogy to the Coriolis interaction.
Prioritizing greenhouse gas mitigation strategies for local governments using marginal abatement cost
Authors: Lozano Mark T , Kendall Alissa , Butt Ali A , Saboori Arash , Harvey John , Kim Changmo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cities and other subnational jurisdictions have emerged as key agents for plans and policies to mitigate global climate change, with many presenting their strategies through climate action plans (CAPs). A critical review of CAPs from local government jurisdictions in California found that many CAPs lacked quantitative information on the economic cost and emissions reductions of proposed strategies, precluding decision-making based on the cost-effectiveness of competing policies. In response, this study develops a framework for comparing strategies based on their life cycle emissions mitigation potential and life cycle costs in a marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) to allow for side-by-side comparison. This framework was piloted with the cooperation of two California counties, Yolo and Los Angeles, to analyze six strategies in the transportation sector: intercity bike lanes, installation of roundabout intersections, alternative pavement rehabilitation, electric bus fleet, alternative fuel city fleet and installation of solar canopies in parking lots. Applying the life cycle approach revealed strategies that had net cost savings over their life cycle, indicating there are opportunities for reducing emissions and costs (roundabout intersections and solar canopies). The life cycle accounting processes also revealed that some emissions reduction strategies in fact increased emissions relative to no action (intercity bike lanes and alternative pavement rehabilitation). Despite the attractiveness of a life cycle-based MACC to support local government decision-making, there is the mismatch between a life cycle perspective and the annual emissions accounting used in most CAPs and associated policies. Future work should explore how to marry the life cycle and annual accounting methods and incorporate other sustainability concerns, such as equity and environmental justice, to support local decision-making.
The geometry of diagonal groups
Authors: Bailey R. , Cameron Peter , Praeger Cheryl , Schneider Csaba 
Published: July 2021

Diagonal groups are one of the classes of finite primitive permutation groups occurring in the conclusion of the O’Nan–Scott theorem. Several of the other classes have been described as the automorphism groups of geometric or combinatorial structures such as affine spaces or Cartesian decompositions, but such structures for diagonal groups have not been studied in general.

The main purpose of this paper is to describe and characterise such structures, which we call diagonal semilattices. Unlike the diagonal groups in the O’Nan–Scott theorem, which are defined over finite characteristically simple groups, our construction works over arbitrary groups, finite or infinite.

A diagonal semilattice depends on a dimension

m
m

and a group

T
T

. For

m
=
2

m=2

, it is a Latin square, the Cayley table of

T
T

, though in fact any Latin square satisfies our combinatorial axioms. However, for

m
⩾
3

m\geqslant 3

, the group

T
T

emerges naturally and uniquely from the axioms. (The situation somewhat resembles projective geometry, where projective planes exist in great profusion but higher-dimensional structures are coordinatised by an algebraic object, a division ring.)

A diagonal semilattice is contained in the partition lattice on a set

Ω
\Omega

, and we provide an introduction to the calculus of partitions. Many of the concepts and constructions come from experimental design in statistics.

We also determine when a diagonal group can be primitive, or quasiprimitive (these conditions turn out to be equivalent for diagonal groups).

Associated with the diagonal semilattice is a graph, the diagonal graph, which has the same automorphism group as the diagonal semilattice except in four small cases with

m
⩽
3

m\leqslant 3

. The class of diagonal graphs includes some well-known families, Latin-square graphs and folded cubes, and is potentially of interest. We obtain partial results on the chromatic number of a diagonal graph, and mention an application to the synchronization property of permutation groups.