bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geosmithia morbida (thousand cankers disease).
Authors: Stewart Jane 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Thousand Cankers Disease is a disease complex native to the western United States that affects many Juglans and Pterocarya species, i.e. walnut and wingnut trees. It is caused by the fungus Geosmithia morbida, which is vectored by the walnut twig beetle (Pityophthorus juglandis), and possibly by other insects. The beetle carries fungal spores that are introduced into the tree during gallery construction, and the fungus then causes cankers in the inner bark that disrupt the flow of nutrients throughout the tree, often leading to its death. In recent years the disease has been reported in several eastern states, and also in Italy. Long-distance spread is thought to be a result of the movement of infected and infested wood.
Moneilema semipunctatum (cactus borer beetle).
Authors: Whittaker Angela 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

M. semipunctatum is a large, black, flightless beetle, native to the arid regions of the western USA and northern Mexico. It feeds on genera in the cactus family (Cactaceae). Hosts are typically in the subfamily Opuntioideae, such as species of the genera Opuntia (prickly pears) and Cylindropuntia (chollas). However, since the late 1970s there have been new records for the occurrence of M. semipunctatum, in its native range, on other genera in the subfamily Opuntioideae, such as Sclerocactus. This is causing a problem for the health and survival of species of rare endemic cacti, many of which are already listed as threatened or endangered. M. semipunctatum also poses a threat to native and exotic cacti in gardens and ornamental nurseries.
Erionota acroleucus (palm redeye).
Authors: Cock Matthew 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Although E. acroleucus has been found to be a relatively common minor pest on rattan palms (Steiner, 2001b), and is reported from a variety of crop and ornamental palms (Cock, 2015), no economic impact has been reported. It is likely that this is a species that is kept under control by its indigenous natural enemies, but could become an outbreak pest if this natural control were disrupted, e.g. by the use of insecticides, or if it were introduced into new areas and thereby freed of its natural enemies.
Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum pathotype (wheat blast).
Authors: Islam Md. Tofazzal 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Wheat blast is a fungal disease of wheat which is caused by a host-specialized ascomycete Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype (Anamorph Pyricularia oryzae Triticum). It was first discovered in Paraná state of Brazil in 1985 and then gradually spread in wheat growing areas in several countries in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Argentina. It is a fearsome disease of wheat which causes yield loss up to 100%. It is now a threat to wheat production in about 3 million hectares of wheat growing areas in South America. Application of fungicides to control this disease is unreliable and breeding resistant varieties is also not durable. At conducive environmental conditions (18-30°C and > 80% RH) during ear emergence or grain filling, this disease can become an epidemic and devastate wheat crop within a week. In 2016, MoT emerged as an epidemic in eight districts of Bangladesh and has so far destroyed more than 15,000 hectares of wheat. The wheat blast pathogen in Bangladesh is determined as a South American lineage of M. oryzae. Scientists fear that MoT may spread to neighbouring South Asian wheat-growing countries and thus pose a serious threat to food and nutritional security of South America.
Bactrocera zonata (peach fruit fly).
Authors: Bakri Abdeljelil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Native to South and South-East Asia, B. zonata is now found in more than 20 countries. The potential risk of its introduction to a new area is facilitated by increasing international tourism and trade, and is influenced by changes in climate and land use. After introduction, it can easily adapt and spread as it is a polyphagous species and has a high reproductive potential (as many as 564 eggs in a lifetime), high biotic potential (several generations of progeny in a year), and a rapid dispersal ability. B. zonata is a strong flier and can be active throughout the year. Economic impacts may result primarily from the loss of export markets and the costly requirement of quarantine restrictions and eradication measures. Furthermore, its establishment may have a serious impact on the environment following the initiation of chemical and/or biological control programmes. B. zonata is of quarantine significance to EPPO (the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization) countries. The pest is classified on the A1 List of Pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests.
Phomopsis vexans (Phomopsis blight of eggplant).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

Abstract

P. vexans is a pynicidial anamorph with a teleomorph in the genus Diaporthe. Easily seedborne and producing large numbers of conidia, it causes disease in Solanum melongena [aubergine/brinjal/eggplant], its only significant host. This ranges from poor seed germination and damping-off of seedlings, to leaf and stem lesions and to fruit rot, both in the field and after harvest. The fungus has been reported from widely distributed areas of most continents, but only a few of those are in Europe and Africa, even though the climates are favourable. Seed transmission may explain its broad historical distribution, but limitation of its host range to a non-staple vegetable crop can allow for its avoidance and eradication by cultural methods. As a result, perhaps, it does not appear often on lists of restricted pathogens, even though it may cause yield losses of more than 50%.
Phakopsora ampelopsidis (Ampelopsis rust fungus).
Authors:   USA, USDA-ARS
Published: April 2021

Abstract

As currently defined (Ono, 2000), the rust fungus P. ampelopsidis is a pathogen of hosts in the genus Ampelopsis and perhaps in related genera in the Vitaceae, but not of the cultivated grapevine species of Vitis or the ornamental species in Parthenocissus. Plants in Ampelopsis occur in Asia from Japan to Turkey as well as in North America (USDA-ARS, 2009), but the rust is not known in Europe, and has not been reported on Ampelopsis in the Americas. Only in eastern Asia, where the medicinal uses of Ampelopsis species are being investigated (Kim et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2008), is this rust a potential problem. It is most likely to be spread by aerial dispersal of urediniospores to nearer parts of Asia, where species in the host genus are distributed.
Spodoptera eridania (southern armyworm).
Authors: Montezano Debora , Specht Alexandre 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Spodoptera eridania is a polyphagous generalist feeder recorded on 200 plants species belonging to 58 botanic families. It is native to the USA and occurs throughout southern USA, Central and South America, and the Caribbean (Pogue, 2002). Due the fact that S. eridania occurs all across the USA and is present in many host plants, several regions around the world are in risk of invasion due to the global trade of vegetables, ornamental and aromatic plants, which can transport larvae and eggs. Even though it is not established in Europe, it has been detected on imported plants from the New World (Karsholt, 1994). The detection of S. eridania in Africa, demonstrates its high dispersal ability, indicating the importance of closely monitoring this species.
Anastrepha striata (guava fruit fly).
Authors: Norrbom Allen 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

A. striata is a pest of various cultivated species of Myrtaceae, especially guavas [Psidium spp.]. Its exact native range is obscure, but its presence in southern Brazil has been detected only recently, suggesting that human activities may have aided its spread. It has also been intercepted and trapped in the USA (Florida, California), indicating its potential for spread via infested fruits.
Podosphaera spiraeae (Japanese spiraea powdery mildew).
Authors: Moparthi Swarnalatha , Bradshaw Michael 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Podosphaera spiraeae is a common fungal pathogen for plants in the genus Spiraea. The pathogen is native to Japan but is most likely widespread throughout the temperate world where viable host plants occur. Identification of powdery mildew on Spiraea spp. can be difficult and its occurrence has not been well documented. Wind dispersal of asexual spores, known as conidia, spreads powdery mildew between viable host plants. The most likely long-distance pathway of invasion is through the nursery industry, which commonly trades Spiraea plants. P. spiraeae can be detrimental to nursery growers as it is unsightly, reduces photosynthesis and flower vigour and causes premature leaf drop. Primary control of the pathogenic fungus requires intricate integrated pest management regimes.
Ficus carica (common fig).
Authors: Datiles Marianne Jennifer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

F. carica is a deciduous, small to medium-sized tree with a short, twisted trunk, thought to be native of South-West Asia, but now widely cultivated throughout the tropics and subtropics. It grows best on medium to heavy well-drained soils, and suckers freely. Propagation is usually vegetative by cuttings or grafts, using selected horticultural cultivars.
Terminalia catappa (Singapore almond).
Authors: Rojas-Sandoval Julissa 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

T. catappa is a hardy, fast-growing, deciduous multipurpose tree, reaching 25 (-40) m tall and producing an edible fruit. It plays a vital role in coastline stabilization as a tree component of strandline plant communities in the western Indian Ocean, South-East Asia and the South Pacific. Under suitable conditions it is a well-formed tree and has been widely planted throughout the tropics for shade, ornament and nuts, especially along sandy seashores (Heinsleigh and Holaway, 1988; Little and Skolmen, 1989). It is much used in agroforestry systems in the Philippines.
Hybrid indium tin oxide-Au metamaterial as a multiband bi-functional light absorber in the visible and near-infrared ranges
Authors: Osgouei Ataollah Kalantari , Hajian Hodjat , Serebryannikov Andriy E , Ozbay Ekmel 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Metamaterial nearly perfect light absorbers (MPAs) with dual-narrowband functionality—that absorb light in two narrowband adjacent wavelength regions—have attracted considerable attention due to their intriguing applications, such as sensing, photovoltaic, and thermal emission. Here, we propose a multi-band MPA with two narrowband absorption responses that are centered on the visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths (773 nm and 900 nm, respectively) and a broadband absorptive characteristic in another window in the NIR region (ranging from 1530 nm to 2700 nm with a bandwidth of 1170 nm). The MPA comprises a periodic array of self-aligned hybrid indium tin oxide (ITO)-Au split-ring-resonators that are separated from an optically thick bottom reflector with a SiO2 layer. Based on numerical calculations, which are accompanied with a semi-analytical examination, we find that the dual narrowband and broadband responses are attributed to the hybridization of the optical responses of gold as a plasmonic material with the ones of ITO. Note that ITO acts as a low-loss dielectric in the visible range and a lossy plasmonic material in the NIR region. Moreover, due to the applied symmetry in the unit cell of the metamaterial, the proposed MPA represents polarization insensitive and omnidirectional absorptive features. The proposed metastructure can find potential applications in selective thermophotovoltaic devices, thermal emitters, and sensors.
Synthesis and Surface Characterization of PMMA Polymer Films in Pure Oxygen, Argon, and Nitrogen Glow Discharge Plasma
Authors: Jaffer Zainab J , Mazhir Sabah N , Khalaf Mohammed K , Hanon Marwa S 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The anticorrosion effect and biocompatibility property of Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) materials have been used in a variety of commercially available products and medical devices for many years. In this work, the treatment of surfaces prepared PMMA films by oxygen, argon and nitrogen plasma, requires understanding the effect of low energy ions on the surface modification of the film of PMMA. Due to this, the samples of prepared PMMA were exposed to three different gases at the same discharge conditions. Changes within the morphology and surface hydrophilicity of the treated samples were characterized by optical microscope images and the measurements of contact angle. Treatment of PMMA with O2, N2, Ar gases displayed a decreasing in the contact angle that results in increasing surface free energy. Oxygen –plasma treatment of PMMA films leads to high aspect ratio topography, with increased roughness for (5-30) minute process durations.
Effect of Nano clay on the fatigue of epoxy and glass fiber composites
Authors: Mohammed Khalifah Khalid 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study describes the experimental results of the fatigue behavior manifested by fatigue strength, fatigue life, and fatigue limit composites for epoxy resin and its E-glass fiber (2,4,6) laminates, nano clay prepared in laboratory reinforced in with (2%, 4%, 6%) weight fraction. The evaluation of (S-N) curves of the tested specimens was depending according to the type of E-glass fibers, laminates number, and addition nano clays small granular volume which prepared in laboratory to a polymer. The fatigue tests showed high resistance to all samples after being immersed in water. Adding the nano clay reduced the brittle nature of the Epoxy resin as it is improved drastically.
Evaluating the Efficiency of Faculties in University of Malaya Using Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Ahmed S A M , Talib M A , Noor N F M , Jani R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Public higher education sector worldwide is under a growing pressure to improve the quality and increase efficiency of its services. Limited financial resources as well as tight regulations and monitoring of the spending are characteristics of this public higher education sector. Another debated issue is the division of public money among the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in a country. University of Malaya is an example of a public higher education and it is considered as number one in Malaysia as HEI. UM in the latest QS Global World University Rankings 2021 has achieved the position 59th and the 9th in the regional Asia rankings. The main objective of this study is to provide the empirical evidence whether the efficiency of UM faculties is consistent with the international QS Global World University Rankings.
Freshening leads to a three-decade trend of declining nutrients in the western Arctic Ocean
Authors: Zhuang Yanpei , Jin Haiyan , Cai Wei-Jun , Li Hongliang , Jin Meibing , Qi Di , Chen Jianfang 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Rapid warming and sea-ice loss in the Arctic Ocean are among the most profound climatic changes to have occurred in recent decades on Earth. Arctic Ocean biological production appears that it may be increasing as a result, but the consequences for nutrient concentrations are unknown. We have assembled a collection of historical field data showing that average concentrations of the macronutrients nitrate and phosphate have decreased by 79% and 29%, respectively, in surface waters of the western Arctic Ocean basin over the past three decades. The field observations and results from numerical ocean simulations suggest that this long-term trend toward more oligotrophic (nutrient-poor) conditions is driven primarily by the compound effects of sea-ice loss: a reduced resupply of nutrients from subsurface waters (due to fresh water addition and stronger upper-ocean stratification) coincident with increased biological consumption of nutrients (due to the greater availability of light needed for photosynthesis).
Geometric lifting of the integrable cellular automata with periodic boundary conditions
Authors: Takagi Taichiro , Yoshikawa Takuma 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Inspired by G Frieden’s recent work on the geometric R-matrix for affine type A crystal associated with rectangular shaped Young tableaux, we propose a method to construct a novel family of discrete integrable systems which can be regarded as a geometric lifting of the generalized periodic box–ball systems. By converting the conventional usage of the matrices for defining the Lax representation of the discrete periodic Toda chain, together with a clever use of the Perron–Frobenious theorem, we give a definition of our systems. It is carried out on the space of real positive dependent variables, without regarding them to be written by subtraction-free rational functions of independent variables but nevertheless with the conserved quantities which can be tropicalized. We prove that, in this setup an equation of an analogue of the ‘carrier’ of the box–ball system for assuring its periodic boundary condition always has a unique solution. As a result, any states in our systems admit a commuting family of time evolutions associated with any rectangular shaped tableaux, in contrast to the case of corresponding generalized periodic box–ball systems where some states did not admit some of such time evolutions.
Determination of Leading Commodities and Food Commodities Structure in Sigi Regency of Central Sulawesi Province
Authors: Iskandar R , Rizal  , Dhandy R 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Agriculture, forestry, and fishery sectors were the most important sectors that can increase community income in Sigi Regency after the earthquake, liquefaction, and COVID-19 pandemic occured. This fact can be seen from a dominant contribution given by these sectors towards the formation of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in Sigi Regency on the basis of the current price that is 43,21% in 2018. Those GRDP acquisitions were not yet known from what commodity and which sub-district, therefore more detailed information is needed. This study aimed to analyze various leading food crop commodities and examine the growth structure of food crop commodities in Sigi Regency. The methods used were Location Quotient (LQ) and Klassen Typology (KT) approach with the data collection on food crop commodity production from 2015-2019. LQ method produces commodities that were classified as a relatively leading level, i.e. Sweet Potatoes, Cassava, Peanuts, and Green Beans. Meanwhile, KT analysis divided agricultural commodities into four categories: (i) Sweet Potatoes, Cassava, Peanuts and Green Beans were categorized as the developed commodities; (ii) No crop was categorized as the stagnant commodities; (iii) Corn and Soybeans were categorized as potential or developing commodities; and (iv) Rice was categorized as an underdeveloped commodity.
Study of the business sustainability of sheep as leading export commodity in Jember regency
Authors: Suryadi U , Sumadi  , Sholehulhuda A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Research has been carried out to study the business sustainability of sheep as a leading export commodity in Jember Regency. The study was conducted to reveal the readiness of sheep breeders to avoid resource depletion and extinction of germplasm and to avoid the large number of quality breeds sold, which could weaken the sustainability of the source of sheep breeds in Jember. The data obtained were analyzed using Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) on 50 attributes from 5 dimensions (ecological dimensions, economic dimensions, social dimensions, technological dimensions, and institutional dimensions). The MDS method used to calculate the sheep business sustainability index is a development of the Rap-fish (Rapid Appraisal-Farming) method. The results showed that the export of sheep in a fairly sustainable status with the key factors that must be considered in sustainability are the factors of seeds and availability of technology packages, the role of government and the existence of farmer groups.
Sensory characteristics of mille crepes cake from seaweed powder
Authors: Ningsih S S , Anggraeni A A 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Seaweed has been reported to have a high content of fiber. Seaweed can be processed into many types of more durable products, such as seaweed powder. Seaweed powder could be used as a raw material for making cakes. Mille crepes cake is a classic French cake that consists of several thin layers made from wheat flour. This study developed mille crepes cake from Eucheuma cottonii seaweed powder. This study was a research and development model, focused on the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). Wheat flour was substituted with Eucheuma cottonii seaweed powder as much as 2.5%, 5%, and 7%. Based on the five trained panelists’ sensory evaluation, the 5% substitution of seaweed powder resulted in mille crepes cake products with the most acceptable sensory characteristics. Thirty untrained panelists tested the wheat flour control and the 5% seaweed powder product by the hedonic test. The data obtained were analyzed quantitatively. The differences between both samples were measured using paired t-tests. Control products and 5% seaweed powder products did not display any significant difference (p≤0.05) in color, flavor, taste, texture, and overall.
Procedure for lab-scale strength and failure testing of physical models of frame mine structures
Authors: Vysotin N. G. , Leizer V. I. , Eremenko V. A. , Yanbekov A. M. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Operation of any mine, including frame structured mines, alters the stress–strain behavior of enclosing rock mass. The laboratory research requires a plan and a procedure, with description of data acquisition methods (monitoring of strength and deformation characteristics of physical models of the frame mine structure). The implemented laboratory tests used the specially manufactured physical models, a hydraulic pressing machine meant for simulation of strata pressure, as well as a monitoring system including acoustic emission converters and strain gauges. The equipment allows getting an overall picture and enables the stress–strain analysis in a unit block using the theories of similarity and dimensions to understand the influence exerted by the shape, size and arrangement of mined-out stopes on enclosing rock mass stability in case of the frame mine structure.
Measures to reduce the environmental impact of the Żelazny Most Tailings Storage Facility
Authors: Zieliński S. , Stefanek P. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The Żelazny Most Tailings Storage Facility, located in south-western Poland, is one of the largest facilities of its kind in the world. Mining wastes from the processing of copper ores have been disposed continuously for over 40 years. A safe operation of TSF of this size requires the involvement of engineers, specialists and scientists from many fields of science. The article presents the latest experience in activities reducing the environmental impact of the Zelazny Most TSF, including the monitoring of groundwater, air protection and the reliability of pipe infrastructure. KGHM Polish Copper, the TSF operator, has been running the system for monitoring the quality of surface and groundwater in the foreground of dams for more than forty years. Very good diagnosis of the hydrogeological conditions in the TSF foundation allowed the research unit to develop a three-dimensional numerical model of groundwater flow. The article also describes the issues related to dust prevention. Active and passive protection methods for the beaches and slopes were presented. Slurries are pumped over a distance of up to 20 km via multiple pipelines. Due to the high abrasion properties of the rock material, KGHM runs a pipeline testing and replacement program to ensure the highest level of reliability. The issues presented in the article clearly indicate the attitude of the TSF operator to the reduction of the negative impact of waste storage in the natural environment. This is also confirmed by the presence of many rare species of wild animals in the immediate vicinity, such as deer, beavers and birds of prey.