bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Gaps in Training, Research, and School-Based Practice: A Survey of School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists
Authors: Heilmann John , Bertone Andrea 
Published: August 2021

PurposeSpeech-language pathologists (SLPs) encounter many challenges in the school environment. We sought to identify school-based SLPs' needs in the areas of training and research to support school-based practice.MethodWe collected surveys from 145 school-based SLPs practicing in Wisconsin. Respondents were asked to describe aspects of preservice training that most and least prepared them for school-based practice. Respondents next described training needs for early-career SLPs and desired topics for general professional development. Respondents then described research topics that require further study to advance school-based practice. After completing this series of open-ended questions, the respondents completed a series of preferential-ranking questions about general needs for training and research. We employed mixed methods to analyze the data, using grounded theory for the qualitative analysis.ResultsDuring preservice training, respondents most valued the applied aspects of their training. Respondents noted that early-career SLPs require significant support, particularly with the professional responsibilities of school-based practice (e.g., individualized education programs, interprofessional practice, and scheduling). When describing general professional development and research needs, the respondents placed high value on practical topics that have clear implications for school-based practice.ConclusionsUnderstanding the perceived needs of school-based SLPs can assist in designing training supports and ensuring that the developing evidence base is relevant to SLPs practicing in the schools. This exploration-stage study established a foundation for future testing of implementation initiatives to fill gaps in school-based practice.
Genetic diversity and restricted genetic connectivity in an endangered marine fish (
Authors: Appleyard Sharon A. , Lynch Tim P. , Green Mark A. , Encinas-Viso Francisco 
Published: August 2021

Determining the genetic diversity and differentiation among populations is a critical element of conservation biology, but for many aquatic, data-deficient species with small population sizes, this is not possible. Closely related species may therefore provide a model. For the first time, using over 4000 single-nucleotide polymorphism loci, we characterise the population genetic diversity and structure of one of the world’s rarest marine fish, the spotted handfish (Brachionichthys hirsutus), a species which is also a member of the most threatened marine bony fish family (Brachionichthyidae). Fin clips were taken from 170 live spotted handfish across seven disjunct sites within the only known estuary (in Tasmania, Australia) where multiple populations of the species are found. Spatially discrete populations clustered into three genetic groupings and a significant variance in allele frequencies among populations (overall FST = 0.043), even at the small scale of the estuary, was observed. Furthermore, low contemporary migration rate estimates suggest low genetic homogeneity between locations. Because of the low genetic connectivity, population clusters of spotted handfish within the estuary should be considered as separate conservation management units. This insight should be considered for management and conservation strategies of other data-deficient and threatened species in the family.
Efficient quantum algorithm for dissipative nonlinear differential equations
Authors: Liu Jin-Peng , Kolden Herman Øie , Krovi Hari K. , Loureiro Nuno F. , Trivisa Konstantina , Childs Andrew M. 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Nonlinear differential equations appear in many domains and are notoriously difficult to solve. Whereas previous quantum algorithms for general nonlinear differential equations have complexity exponential in the evolution time, we give the first quantum algorithm for dissipative nonlinear differential equations that is efficient provided the dissipation is sufficiently strong relative to nonlinear and forcing terms and the solution does not decay too rapidly. We also establish a lower bound showing that differential equations with sufficiently weak dissipation have worst-case complexity exponential in time, giving an almost tight classification of the quantum complexity of simulating nonlinear dynamics. Furthermore, numerical results for the Burgers equation suggest that our algorithm may potentially address complex nonlinear phenomena even in regimes with weaker dissipation.
Dynamical system model predicts when social learners impair collective performance
Authors: Yang Vicky Chuqiao , Galesic Mirta , McGuinness Harvey , Harutyunyan Ani 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceIn collective decision-making systems, such as committees and governments, many individuals follow others instead of evaluating the options on their own. Can a group settle on the option with higher merit when social learners prevail? Previous research has reached mixed conclusions because collective decisions emerge from a complex interaction of cognitive and social factors, which are rarely studied together. This paper develops a simple yet general mathematical framework to study this interaction and predicts a critical threshold for the proportion of social learners, above which an option may prevail regardless of its merit. The results suggest predictable limits to the proportion of social learners in collective situations from teamwork to democratic elections, beyond which the collective performance is affected negatively.
Up-regulation of the manganese transporter SLC30A10 by hypoxia-inducible factors defines a homeostatic response to manganese toxicity
Authors: Liu Chunyi , Jursa Thomas , Aschner Michael , Smith Donald R. , Mukhopadhyay Somshuvra 
Published: August 2021

Significance
Manganese is an essential metal, but elevated levels cause incurable parkinsonism. A major limitation in treating manganese-induced parkinsonism is a lack of understanding of the mechanisms that regulate levels of manganese in the body. This manuscript defines a homeostatic regulatory pathway for manganese in mammalian systems. Elevated manganese levels increase expression of SLC30A10, a protein that mediates manganese excretion, thereby reducing the body burden of manganese. Findings also define the involved mechanisms by showing that manganese enhances SLC30A10 expression by activating the hypoxia-inducible factor transcription cascade. Finally, the study reveals that hypoxia-inducible factor stabilizing drugs reduce manganese levels to protect cells and mice against manganese toxicity, providing a means to treat manganese-induced parkinsonism in humans.
Structures and topological defects in pressure-driven lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals
Authors: Zhang Qing , Zhang Rui , Ge Baoliang , Yaqoob Zahid , So Peter T. C. , Bischofberger Irmgard 
Published: August 2021

SignificanceMany driven and active nematic fluids exhibit complex microstructures, but their characteristics and dynamics are poorly understood. We explore the structures emerging in a pressure-driven nematic lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal in a microfluidic channel. We show that twist-type topological defects spontaneously emerge under flow. Our single-shot quantitative polarization imaging method allows us to quantify the fluctuations of these defects, which we show to reflect the tumbling character of the liquid crystal. We report how the defect size is governed by the balance between nucleation and annihilation forces, a balance that can be tuned by the flow rate. Such control over the microstructure opens pathways for using these nematic materials in optical devices and to control assembly of biological systems.
Hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering microscopy facilitates differentiation of low-grade and high-grade human prostate cancer
Authors: Chen Xun , Cui Sishan , Yan Shuai , Zhang Shuo , Fan Yu , Gong Yanqing , Zhou Liqun , Wang Ping , Yao Lin , Yue Shuhua 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Histopathology currently acts as a gold standard for human prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. However, the subjective nature of histopathology leads to inevitable discordance among pathologists. Specifically, the inter-observer discordance could be up to 40% for the differentiation between Gleason score 6 (low-grade) and 7 (high-grade) of PCa. According to clinical guidelines, patients with high-grade PCa need to be actively treated, while patients with low-grade PCa could undergo active surveillance due to its slowly growing feature. Therefore, differentiating high-grade and low-grade PCa is an urgent clinical need. By integrating stimulated Raman scattering microscopy and confocal Raman spectroscopy, our previous study found the aberrant cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation in human PCa tissues. However, no significant difference in CE accumulation between the low-grade and high-grade PCa was found, primarily because the previous study only analyzed the composition of manually selected lipid droplets (LDs) without quantitative analysis of the whole field of view. Here, we employed hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (HSRS) microscopy to test the hypothesis of CE as a marker for differentiation of low-grade and high-grade human PCa. First, lipid, lipofuscin, and protein were quantitatively mapped in human prostate tissues based on HSRS imaging of C–H vibrational region and multivariate curve resolution analysis. Then, within the lipid channel, CE percentage and unsaturation level of LDs were quantitatively mapped according to the height ratio between Raman bands at 2870 and 2850 cm−1, and between Raman bands at 3006 and 2850 cm−1, respectively. In total of 6 normal prostate tissues, 9 low-grade and 9 high-grade PCa tissues from patients, we found lipofuscin accumulation in all the normal prostate but none in PCa. While all the high-grade PCa tissues had LD accumulation, only 3 low-grade PCa tissues had LD accumulation. Notably, among all the PCa tissues with LD accumulation, no significant difference in LD amount was found between low-grade and high-grade PCa. Fortunately, both CE percentage and unsaturation level of the LDs were significantly different between low-grade and high-grade PCa. Furthermore, it was shown that CE percentage could differentiate low-grade and high-grade PCa with high sensitivity and specificity. Taken together, our study may provide a new opportunity towards more accurate PCa diagnosis.
The Lawyer's Duty to Arbitrate in Good Faith and with Civility
Authors: Sheppard Audley 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
Van Vechten (Johnny) Veeder delivered the 2001 Goff Lecture in Hong Kong on the topic of ‘The Lawyer’s Duty to Arbitrate in Good Faith’. He was especially concerned that there should be a ‘level playing field’ for advocates who come from different jurisdictions and who are subject to different national deontological rules. His concerns were echoed and amplified by other leading voices. This led to the issue being addressed in guidelines drafted by some arbitral institutions and organisations (such as the LCIA, the IBA arbitration committee and ICCA). While not addressed in his Goff lecture, Veeder was also concerned that advocates should treat each other with civility. This article, written as a tribute to Veeder, explores the extent to which various ethical codes of conduct, changes in law firm culture, issues of mental wellbeing, and effective advocacy, require lawyers to treat each other with courtesy, respect and civility.
ABX464 Decreases the Total Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Reservoir and HIV Transcription Initiation in CD4+ T Cells From Antiretroviral Therapy–Suppressed Individuals Living With HIV
Authors: Moron-Lopez Sara , Bernal Silvia , Wong Joseph K , Martinez-Picado Javier , Yukl Steven A 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) intensification and disruption of latency have been suggested as strategies to eradicate HIV. ABX464 is a novel antiviral that inhibits HIV RNA biogenesis. We investigated its effect on HIV transcription and total and intact HIV DNA in CD4+ T cells from ART-suppressed participants enrolled in the ABIVAX-005 clinical trial (NCT02990325).

Methods
Peripheral CD4+ T cells were available for analysis from 9 ART-suppressed participants who were treated daily with 150 mg of ABX464 for 4 weeks. Total and intact HIV DNA and initiated, 5’elongated, unspliced, polyadenylated, and multiply-spliced HIV transcripts were quantified at weeks 0, 4, and 8 using ddPCR.

Results
We observed a significant decrease in total HIV DNA (P = .008, median fold change (mfc) = 0.8) and a lower median level of intact HIV DNA (P = not significant [n.s.], mfc = 0.8) after ABX464 treatment. Moreover, we observed a decrease in initiated HIV RNA per million CD4+ T cells and per provirus (P = .05, mfc = 0.7; P = .004, mfc = 0.5, respectively), a trend toward a decrease in the 5’elongated HIV RNA per provirus (P = .07, mfc = 0.5), and a lower median level of unspliced HIV RNA (P = n.s., mfc = 0.6), but no decrease in polyadenylated or multiply-spliced HIV RNA.

Conclusions
In this substudy, ABX464 had a dual effect of decreasing total HIV DNA (and possibly intact proviruses) and HIV transcription per provirus. To further characterize its specific mechanism of action, long-term administration of ABX464 should be studied in a larger cohort.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT02990325.
Vitamin D Concentrations in Infancy and the Risk of Tuberculosis Disease in Childhood: A Prospective Birth Cohort in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Martinez Leonardo , Ncayiyana Jabulani R , Goddard Elizabeth , Botha Maresa , Workman Lesley , Burd Tiffany , Myer Landon , Nicol Mark P , Zar Heather J 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Low vitamin D levels may increase the risk of tuberculosis disease; however, previous observational cohort studies showed variable results. We investigated the relationship between vitamin D levels in infancy and subsequent development of tuberculosis disease throughout childhood.

Methods
We enrolled pregnant women at 20–28 weeks’ gestation attending antenatal care in a periurban South African setting in the Drakenstein Child Health Study. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in newborn infants aged 6–10 weeks. Children were followed prospectively for tuberculosis infection and disease using annual tuberculin skin testing, radiographic examinations, and microbiological diagnosis with GeneXpert, culture, and smear testing. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression was performed and HRs with 95% CIs were calculated.

Results
Children were followed for tuberculosis disease for a median of 7.2 years (IQR, 6.2–7.9). Among 744 children (&lt;1% with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), 21% HIV-exposed without HIV), those who were vitamin D deficient in early infancy were not at increased risk of developing tuberculosis disease (adjusted HR, .8; 95% CI, .4–1.6). Infants in the lowest vitamin D concentration tertile were at similar risk of tuberculosis as the highest tertile (adjusted HR, .7; 95% CI, .4–1.4). Vitamin D deficiency was associated with tuberculin conversion ≤2 years of age at a &lt;30-nmol/L (adjusted OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.2–3.2), but not &lt;50-nmol/L (adjusted OR, 1.5; 95% CI, .8–2.9), cutoff.

Conclusions
In a setting with hyperendemic rates of tuberculosis, vitamin D concentrations in infancy did not predict tuberculosis disease at any point in childhood. However, very low vitamin D levels were associated with tuberculin conversion in young children.
Δ 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol During Adolescence Reprograms the Nucleus Accumbens Transcriptome, Affecting Reward Processing, Impulsivity, and Specific Aspects of Cocaine Addiction-Like Behavior in a Sex-Dependent Manner
Authors: Orihuel Javier , Capellán Roberto , Roura-Martínez David , Ucha Marcos , Ambrosio Emilio , Higuera-Matas Alejandro 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Cannabis exposure during adolescence is associated with emotional and motivational alterations that may entail an enhanced risk of developing psychiatric disorders. In rodent models, exposure to cannabinoids during adolescence leads to increased self-administration of opiates and cocaine, however, the psychological and neural mechanisms and the sex-specificity of this phenomenon are largely unknown.

Methods
We exposed male and female adolescent rats to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and studied at adulthood the effects of such treatment on psychological processes related to reward, such as Pavlovian conditioned approach, Pavlovian to instrumental transfer, habit formation and waiting impulsivity. In the light of these data and given the involvement of the nucleus accumbens in the processes examined, we performed an RNASeq transcriptomic study and assessed cocaine addiction-like behavior.

Results
THC exposure increased goal-tracking (in males and females) and enhanced Pavlovian to instrumental transfer (especially in males) but did not affect habit formation. THC-exposed rats exhibited subtle, state-dependent changes in premature responding in the 2-CSRTT task. RNASeq data showed gene expression alterations in a marked sex-specific manner. While no effects were found on the acquisition of cocaine self-administration or punished drug-seeking, rats exposed to THC self-administered more cocaine under a progressive ratio schedule (males), had a higher rebound upon returning to continuous access to the drug (females) and showed reduced drug-seeking after 30 days of withdrawal (females).

Conclusions
Adolescent THC affects specific aspects of reward- (and cocaine-) guided behavior and the function of a key brain region mediating these effects, in a remarkable sex-specific manner.
‘Mini-Max’ knotless acetabular labrum repair: repair construct rationale and allocation in a consecutive case series with minimum 1-year clinical outcomes
Authors: Christoforetti John J , Bucci Gabriella , Nickel Beth , Singleton Steven B , McGovern Ryan P 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTTo describe the ‘mini-Max’ approach to labrum repair using non-absorbable 2.4-mm knotless suture anchors and report objective clinical outcomes with a large single-surgeon cohort. Level 3 retrospective case series. A retrospective review was conducted to report the use and allocation of non-absorbable 2.4-mm knotless suture anchors during ‘mini-Max’ labral repair from 2015 to 2018. Descriptive analysis of the labral damage severity, size and number of anchors used to arthroscopically repair the acetabular labrum was performed. Paired-samples t-tests were performed to evaluate whether preoperative and 1-year follow-up patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were statistically significant. An analysis of variance was performed comparing PROs with categorized number of labral anchors. A total of 390 patients were queried in this study, with 330 (85%) diagnosed intraoperatively with acetabular labral tears. A total of 245 patients (137 females and 108 males) with a mean age of 30.1 ± 11.6 years (mean ± SD) at the time of surgery underwent ‘mini-Max’ labral refixation. Of the 245 labral tears, 88 (35.9%) were graded as mild, 113 (46.1%) as moderate and 44 (18.0%) as severe. Labral repairs required an average of 2.1 ± 0.67 anchors across all patients included. Forty-one repairs (16.7%) required one anchor, 139 (56.7%) required two anchors, 63 (25.7%) required three anchors and 2 (0.8%) required four anchors. Significant improvements were reported for all PROs (P ≤ .001) at a minimum of 1-year follow-up. Arthroscopic ‘mini-Max’ labral repair using non-absorbable knotless suture anchors is a safe and effective technique for improving the lives of patients suffering from symptomatic acetabular labrum tears.
Complexome profiling on the Chlamydomonas lpa2 mutant reveals insights into PSII biogenesis and new PSII associated proteins
Authors: Spaniol Benjamin , Lang Julia , Venn Benedikt , Schake Lara , Sommer Frederik , Mustas Matthieu , Geimer Stefan , Wollman Francis-André , Choquet Yves , Mühlhaus Timo , Schroda Michael 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
While the composition and function of the major thylakoid membrane complexes are well understood, comparatively little is known about their biogenesis. The goal of this work was to shed more light on the role of auxiliary factors in the biogenesis of photosystem II (PSII). Here we have identified the homolog of LOW PSII ACCUMULATION 2 (LPA2) in Chlamydomonas. A Chlamydomonas reinhardtii lpa2 mutant grew slower in low light, was hypersensitive to high light, and exhibited aberrant structures in thylakoid membrane stacks. Chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) was reduced by 38%. Synthesis and stability of newly made PSII core subunits D1, D2, CP43, and CP47 were not impaired. However, complexome profiling revealed that in the mutant CP43 was reduced to ~23% and D1, D2, and CP47 to ~30% of wild type levels. Levels of PSI and the cytochrome b6f complex were unchanged, while levels of the ATP synthase were increased by ~29%. PSII supercomplexes, dimers, and monomers were reduced to ~7%, ~26%, and ~60% of wild type levels, while RC47 was increased ~6-fold and LHCII by ~27%. We propose that LPA2 catalyses a step during PSII assembly without which PSII monomers and further assemblies become unstable and prone to degradation. The LHCI antenna was more disconnected from PSI in the lpa2 mutant, presumably as an adaptive response to reduce excitation of PSI. From the co-migration profiles of 1734 membrane-associated proteins, we identified three novel putative PSII associated proteins with potential roles in regulating PSII complex dynamics, assembly, and chlorophyll breakdown.
OsATL38 mediates mono-ubiquitination of the 14-3-3 protein OsGF14d and negatively regulates the cold stress response in rice
Authors: Cui Li Hua , Min Hye Jo , Yu Seong Guan , Byun Mi Young , Oh Tae Rin , Lee Andosung , Yang Hee Woong , Kim Woo Taek 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
One of the major regulatory pathways that permits plants to convert an external stimulus into an internal cellular response within a short period of time is the ubiquitination pathway. In this study, OsATL38 was identified as a low temperature-induced gene that encodes a rice homolog of Arabidopsis Tóxicos en Levadura RING-type E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase, which was predominantly localized to the plasma membrane. OsATL38-overexpressing transgenic rice plants exhibited decreased tolerance to cold stress as compared with wild-type rice plants. In contrast, RNAi-mediated OsATL38 knockdown transgenic progeny exhibited markedly increased tolerance to cold stress relative to that of wild-type plants, which indicated a negative role of OsATL38 in response to cold stress. Yeast two-hybrid, in vitro pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that OsATL38 physically interacted with OsGF14d, a rice 14-3-3 protein. An in vivo target ubiquitination assay indicated that OsGF14d was mono-ubiquitinated by OsATL38. osgf14d knockout mutant plants were more sensitive to cold stress than wild-type rice plants, indicating that OsGF14d is a positive factor in the response to cold stress. These results provide evidence that the RING E3 Ub ligase OsATL38 negatively regulates the cold stress response in rice via mono-ubiquitination of OsGF14d 14-3-3 protein.