bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rwanda’s Urbanization Policy:- A Critical Reading
Authors: Somma Paola 
Published: January 2021

If ever Africa had disappeared, it has now reappeared on the maps of investors seeking for land and resources. The entire continent seems to have become attractive for international financial institutions, which intensify their recommendations to single national Governments in order for them to further remove obstacles and make Africa an “ever better place to do business”.
Rwanda represents an emblematic example of the rapidity and size of transformations Africa is faced with, which touch every sector, from the land ownership model to the modes of land use, from the distribution of population, to the construction of infrastructure.
It is a fertile country, with a good water supply and two crop seasons, and is almost entirely cultivated. The majority of the inhabitants work the land, and subside thanks to agriculture. Today, however, the Government's goal, synthetically expressed in the slogan that defines the future of Rwanda as Africa's Singapore (Vesperini, 2010), is the modernization of agriculture, and the reduction of its weight in favour of a service economy. The most visible effects of this approach are the expulsion from the countryside of a huge number of families which lose any type of sustainment, and the grouping of many small plots in large territorial extensions which are often given for long term use to multinational agribusiness corporations. The transformation of agriculture is accompanied by the redistribution of population, traditionally settled in scattered patterns across the whole country. The massive migration from the countryside is explicitly sought by Government, whose target is to reach, by 2020, a 35% urbanization rate up from today's 18%.
The three issues, total and unconditional opening to foreign investment, population resettlement and transformation of the agricultural activities, which are the pillars of the development programs initiated by Government and international advisors, are producing dramatic changes on the physical and built environment, and affect the living conditions of the weakest groups (White, Borras, Hall, Scoones, Walford, 2012).
The paper proposes a reflection on themes which have general relevance, but which also need to be locally grounded. Of particular importance are urbanization, the relationship between towns and countryside, and the relationship between social and economic structure and territorial planning.
In 2012 the author took part as consultant to the drafting of the Urbanization sector strategic plan 2012-2017. The views expressed here are personal and do not in any way represent the Government or Institutions’ point of view.
Unveiling contemporary dimensions in the internationalisation of family firms through bibliometric analysis and thematic analysis
Authors: Thukral Sonal , Jain Apoorva 
Published: January 2021

PurposeFor sustaining a competitive advantage in the integrated world economy, it has become imperative for family firms to internationalise their operations in overseas markets. However, despite the growing set of literature, results are still inconclusive with respect to family firms’ internationalisation. Thus, this study aims to address this gap by systematically reviewing 142 articles (1991–2019) to help researchers in identifying and unfolding the unexplored themes in the underlying area.Design/methodology/approachFor systematically reviewing articles, the study uses a three-step methodology following PRISMA guidelines, bibliometric analysis and thematic analysis. Descriptive statistics of 142 research articles are obtained through bibliometric analysis while thematic analysis is carried out to create themes or clusters of various factors relating to family firms’ internationalisation.FindingsThe current review uncovers the evolving trends in the research streams, most productive authors, top journals and articles, co-citation analysis, as well as the major themes surrounding the family firms’ internationalisation literature. Results from bibliometric analysis indicate that family firms’ internationalisation is an upcoming research area. Also, the review indicates an opportunity for scholars from developing nations to make significant contributions in the underlying research stream.Research limitations/implicationsResults from bibliometric and thematic analysis will help academicians and researchers in accumulating a holistic understanding relating to family firms’ internationalisation and understanding the upcoming trends in family firms’ research, thereby guiding the future research scope. Also, it will assist the family firms’ leaders and managers in understanding the important dynamics in overseas markets and various factors to be considered while planning their internationalisation.Originality/valueUndertaking a systematic literature review presents readers with a state-of-the-art understanding of the underlying research topic. To the best of the knowledge, to date, the study is the first to conduct the review of literature through bibliometric analysis with the help of R Studio software in the field of family firms’ internationalisation. Also, the study is the first to review more than 100 research articles in the underlying area. Finally, the study proposes a comprehensive framework integrating the major themes and facets relating to family firms’ internationalisation.
Conditional stock liquidity premium: is Warsaw stock exchange different?
Authors: Stereńczak Szymon 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to empirically indicate the factors influencing stock liquidity premium (i.e. the relationship between liquidity and stock returns) in one of the leading European emerging markets, namely, the Polish one.Design/methodology/approachVarious firms’ characteristics and market states are analysed as potentially affecting liquidity premiums in the Polish stock market. Stock returns are regressed on liquidity measures and panel models are used. Liquidity premium has been estimated in various subsamples.FindingsThe findings vividly contradict the common sense that liquidity premium raises during the periods of stress. Liquidity premium does not increase during bear markets, as investors lengthen the investment horizon when market liquidity decreases. Liquidity premium varies with the firm’s size, book-to-market value and stock risk, but these patterns seem to vanish during a bear market.Originality/valueThis is one of the first empirical papers considering conditional stock liquidity premium in an emerging market. Using a unique methodological design it is presented that liquidity premium in emerging markets behaves differently than in developed markets.
Information systems project team members: factors for high performance
Authors: Moura Isabel , Dominguez Caroline , Varajão João 
Published: January 2021

PurposeThe main aim of this study is to contribute to the discussion on the factors that can influence the high performance of information systems (IS) project team members, from the individual perspective. This study also allows both IS project team members and their managers to have a thorough picture of high-performing project teams, helping them improve team design, management and performance in today's demanding business environment.Design/methodology/approachTo address the research questions, the authors carried out an exploratory case study of a small-sized holding company and a qualitative analysis of the data.FindingsResults show a set of perceived factors that can influence (facilitate/hinder) the high performance of IS project team members. “Proper reward systems” was the most mentioned facilitating factor. “Negative affectivity” and “Lack of competence” were the two most referred as hindering factors. Most of the perceived factors are classified in the literature as non-technical.Originality/valueBesides being among the very few empirical studies consolidating knowledge on the high performance of IS project team members, this paper extends the authors' previous research (done at the team level) to the individual team member level (as opposed to the team or organizational levels). In spite of IS being a highly technical industry, this study came across mostly human-centered factors transversal to different professionals (IS and non-IS) involved in project teams.
Distribution Prediction of Middle‐deep Lacustrine Source Rocks in Eocene Wenchang Formation in the Kaiping Sag, Pearl Mouth Basin
Authors: XIONG Lianqiao , XIE Xiaojun , ZHAO Zhao , ZHANG Chunyu , WANG Long , LIAO Jihua , CAI Lulu , XU Wei 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOil and gas shows are rich in drilling wells in Kaiping sag, however, large oilfield was still not found in this area. For a long time, it is thought that source rocks were developed in the middle‐deep lacustrine facies in the Eocene Wenchang Formation, while there is no source rocks that in middle‐deep lacustrine facies have been found in well. Thickness of Wenchang Formation is big and reservoirs with good properties could be found in this formation. Distribution and scale of source rock are significant for further direction of petroleum exploration. Distribution characterization of middle‐deep lacustrine facies is the base for source rock research. Based on the sedimentary background, fault activity rate, seismic response features, and seismic attributes were analyzed. No limited classification method and multi‐attributes neural network deep learning method were used for predicting of source rock distribution in Wenchang Formation. It is found that during the deposition of lower Wenchang Formation, activity rate of main fault controlling the subsag sedimentation was bigger than 100 m/Ma, which formed development background for middle‐deep lacustrine facies. Compared with the seismic response of middle‐deep lacustrine source rocks developed in Zhu I depression, those in Kaiping sag are characterized in low frequency and good continuity. Through RGB frequency decomposition, areas with low frequency are main distribution parts for middle‐deep lacustrine facies. Dominant frequency, instantaneous frequency, and coherency attributes of seismic could be used in no limited classification method for further identification of middle‐deep lacustrine facies. Based on the limitation of geology knowledge, multi‐attributes of seismic were analyzed through neural network deep learning method. Distribution of middle‐deep lacustrine facies in the fourth member of Wenchang Formation is oriented from west to east and is the largest. Square of the middle‐deep lacustrine facies in that member is 154 km2and the volume is 50 km3. Achievements could be bases for hydrocarbon accumulation study and for exploration target optimization in Kaiping sag.
Experimental Study on Water‐rock Reactions with CO2 Fluid in a Deep Sandstone Formation under High Temperature and Pressure
Authors: LI Chengze , CHEN Guojun , LI Chao , TIAN Bing , SUN Rui , SU Long , LU Yingxin , WANG Lijuan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractQiongdongnan Basin has a tectonic geological background of high temperature and high pressure in a deep reservoir setting, with mantle‐derived CO2. A water‐rock reaction device was used under high temperature and high pressure conditions, in conjunction with scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations, to carry out an experimental study of the diagenetic reaction between sandstone at depth and CO2‐rich fluid, which is of great significance for revealing the dissolution of deep clastic rock reservoirs and the developmental mechanism of secondary pores, promoting deep oil and gas exploration.In this study, the experimental scheme of the water‐rock reaction system was designed according to the parameters of the diagenetic background of the deep sandstone reservoir in the Qiongdongnan Basin. Three groups of single mineral samples were prepared in this experiment, including K‐feldspar samples, albite samples and calcite samples. Using CO2 as a reaction solution, a series of diagenetic reaction simulation experiments were carried out in a semi‐closed high temperature and high pressure simulation system. A field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the microscopic appearance of the mineral samples after the water‐rock reaction, the characteristics of dissolution under high temperature and high pressure, as well as the development of secondary pores.The experimental results showed that the CO2‐rich fluid has an obvious dissolution effect on K‐feldspar, albite and calcite under high temperature and high pressure. For the three minerals, the main temperature and pressure window for dissolution ranged from 150°C to 300°C and 45 MPa to 60 MPa. Scanning electron microscope observations revealed that the dissolution effect of K‐feldspar is most obvious under conditions of 150°C and 45 MPa, in contrast to conditions of 200°C and 50 MPa for albite and calcite. Through the comparative analysis of experimental conditions and procedures, a coupling effect occurred between the temperature and pressure change and the dissolution strength of K‐feldspar, albite and calcite. Under high temperature and high pressure, pressure changed the solubility of CO2, furthermore, the dissolution effect and strength of the sandstone components were also affected. The experiment revealed that high temperature and high pressure conditions with CO2‐rich fluid has a significant dissolution effect on aluminosilicate minerals and is conducive to the formation of secondary pores and effective reservoirs. Going forward with the above understanding has important implications for the promotion of deep oil and gas exploration.
Characteristics of Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes and Noble Gas Isotopes in the Groundwater of Weishan, Wudalianchi, Northeast China
Authors: WANG Shuai , HUANG Xuelian , QI Shihua , HAN Yongjie , KUANG Jian , WANG Siqi , WANG He , XIAO Zhicai 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAccording to the hydrochemical characteristics, hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics and the ratio of noble gas isotopes of the sandstone aquifer and basalt aquifer, this study calculated the recharge temperature and residence time of groundwater in the Weishan area of Wudalianchi, also calculating the contribution of noble gas components from different sources to the samples. Based on the characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and noble gases Xe and Ne, the recharge altitude and recharge temperature of the two aquifers were estimated, and the recharge temperature fitting with the NGT model as verified, the results showing that the main recharge altitude of groundwater in the region was 500–600 m, the recharge temperature being 2–7°C. Heeq and Heea of the samples have been simulated using the OD model, the content of radioactive 4He in the crust being obtained, the groundwater ages under the two conditions (closed condition and open condition) both being simulated. The results show that groundwater from the sandstone layer water is older than groundwater from the basalt layer. Hydrochemical characteristics and noble gas isotope ratios indicate that in the basalt aquifer and sandstone aquifer in the Weishan area, in addition to atmospheric and crustal helium, there is also an input of mantle‐derived helium. The fault constitutes the uplift channel for groundwater containings mantle components, which results in the mantle source composition in water samples near the fault being much higher than those form non‐fault areas.
Validation of PSI/PORT, CURB‐65 and SCAP scoring system in COVID‐19 pneumonia for prediction of disease severity and 14‐day mortality
Authors: Anurag Aditya , Preetam Mukul 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe unprecedented COVID‐19 pandemic has put a serious burden on the healthcare system worldwide. Due to varied manifestations of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, many scoring systems, which were earlier used for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) are in use to determine the disease severity and the need of ICU admissions for proper management. COVID‐19 is a relatively new disease and the validity of these scoring systems in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is not completely known. This study aimed to validate these scoring systems in cases of COVID‐19 pneumonia in an Indian setup. The study has also tried to find the most accurate indicator of disease severity and 14‐day mortality among these scoring systems.Materials and MethodsThis study included 122 SARS‐CoV‐2 infected patients at a tertiary hospital in Ranchi, Jharkhand. The severity of the disease according to ICMR protocol for COVID‐19, the PSI/PORT score, the CURB‐65 score and the SCAP score were calculated in all the patients and analysed with the disease outcome, that is, 14‐day mortality.ResultsSCAP score, PSI/PORT score and CURB‐65 criteria, all were good indicators of disease severity and 14‐day mortality. However, when compared to other scoring systems, SCAP score was a more accurate marker of disease severity and 14‐day mortality.ConclusionThe PSI/PORT scoring system, the CURB‐65 criteria and the SCAP scoring system can be used to assess the COVID‐19 severity and predict the 14‐day mortality risk in cases of COVID‐19 pneumonia.
Characterising Essential Fish Habitat using spatio‐temporal analysis of fishery data: A case study of the European seabass spawning areas
Authors: Dambrine Chloé , Woillez Mathieu , Huret Martin , de Pontual Hélène 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFish habitats sustain essential functions for fish to complete their life cycle, such as feeding, growing and spawning. Conservation is crucial to maintain fish populations and their exploitation. Since 2013, the spawning stock biomass of the northern stock of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) has been in a worrying state. A series of low recruitments with a persistently high level of fishing has been blamed, raising concerns about the processes involved in seabass reproduction and settlement in nurseries. Here, we characterise seabass spawning areas along the French Atlantic coast using vessel monitoring system (VMS) data. A non‐linear geostatistical approach was applied, from 2008 to 2014, to detect locations where seabass aggregate for spawning. Occurrence maps of spawning distribution were combined into probability maps to quantify the seasonal and inter‐annual variability and to highlight recurrent, occasional and unfavourable spawning areas. We identified three main spawning areas: the Rochebonne Plateau in the Bay of Biscay, the Western English Channel and the North of the Cotentin peninsula in the Eastern English Channel. The correlative link between this geographical distribution and environmental factors was investigated using a Bayesian spatio‐temporal model. The spatio‐temporal structure accounted for the vast majority of the model predictive skills, whereas environmental covariates had a negligible effect. Our model revealed the persistence of the spatial distribution of spawning areas with intra‐ and inter‐annual variability. Offshore areas appear to be essential spawning areas for seabass, and should be considered in spatial management strategies.
Uncertainty of modelled bioenergy with carbon capture and storage due to variability of input data
Authors: Shepherd Anita , Martin Mike , Hastings Astley 
Published: January 2021

AbstractUncertainty is inherent in modelled projections of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), yet sometimes treated peripherally. One source of uncertainty comes from different climate and soil inputs. We investigated variations in 70‐year UK projections of Miscanthus × giganteus (M × g), BECCS and environmental impacts with input data. We used cohort datasets of UKCP18 RCP8.5 climate projections and Harmonized World Soil Database (HWSD) soil sequences, as inputs to the MiscanFor bioenergy model. Low annual yield occurred 1 in 10 years as a UK‐average but yield uncertainty varied regionally, especially south and east England. BECCS projections were similar among cohorts, with variation resulting from climate cohorts of the same database ensemble (3.99 ± 0.14 t C ha−1 year−1) larger than uncertainty resulting from soil sequences in each grid block (3.96 ± 0.03 t C ha−1 year−1). This is supported by annual time series, displaying variable annual climate and a close yield–BECCS–climate relationship but partial correspondence of yield and BECCS with maximal soil variability. Each HWSD soil grid square contains up to 10 ranked soil types. Predominant soil commonly has over 50% coverage, indicating why BECCS from combined soil sequences were not significantly different from BECCS using the dominant soil type. Mean BECCS from the full climate ensemble combined with the full soil sequences, over the current area of cropping limits in England and Wales, is 3.98 ± 0.14 t C ha−1 year−1. The bioenergy crop has a mean seasonal soil water deficit of 65.79 ± 4.27 mm and associated soil carbon gain of 0.22 ± 0.03 t C ha−1 year−1, with bioenergy feedstock calculated at 131 GJ t−1 y−1. The uncertainty is specific to the input datasets and model used. The message of this study is to ensure that uncertainty is accounted for when interpreting modelled projections of land use impacts.
Comparison of clinical and procedural outcomes between high‐power short‐duration, standard‐power standard‐duration, and temperature‐controlled noncontact force guided ablation for atrial fibrillation
Authors: Dikdan Sean J. , Junarta Joey , Bodempudi Sairamya , Upadhyay Naman , Pang Zachary , Frisch Daniel R. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionHigh‐power short‐duration (HPSD) ablation is a novel strategy using contact force‐sensing catheters optimized for power‐controlled radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF). This study investigates the outcomes of HPSD (50 W delivered for up to 15 s, Lesion Size Index of 5–6) compared to standard‐power standard‐duration (SPSD) (20–25 W until 400–500 gram seconds, up to 60 s) and temperature‐controlled noncontact (TCNC) (20‐40 W up to 60 s of ablation) settings.MethodsWe studied consecutive cases of patients with AF undergoing pulmonary vein isolation with TCNC, SPSD, and HPSD between January 7th, 2013 and January 11th, 2019. Procedural data collected include time to isolate the left (LPVT) and right pulmonary veins (RPVT), total ablation time (TAT), and radiofrequency ablation delivery time (RADT). Clinical data collected include sinus rhythm maintenance postprocedure.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐one patients were studied (44 TCNC, 51 SPSD, 76 HPSD). RADT was shorter when comparing HPSD to SPSD (25 vs. 41 min; p < .01), HPSD to TCNC (25 vs. 76 min; p < .01), and SPSD to TCNC groups (41 vs. 76 min; p < .01). TAT, LPVT, and RPVT were reduced between HPSD versus SPSD, HPSD versus TCNC, and SPSD versus TCNC groups, respectively (p < .01). There was no difference in sinus rhythm maintenance by Kaplan–Meier survival analysis (log rank test p = .12), after 3 or 12 months between groups overall, and when stratified by AF type, left atrial volume, CHA2DS2‐VASc score, or left ventricular ejection fraction.ConclusionAF ablation with HPSD reduced procedure times with similar sinus rhythm maintenance compared to SPSD and TCNC.
Second‐best pricing for incomplete market segments: Application to electricity pricing
Authors: Astier Nicolas 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDue to technological, political, or practical considerations, most price mechanisms are not fully differentiated by time, location, and contingency of delivery. Rate or tax designers then face a trade‐off between the costs and benefits of using more complex price schedules. This paper studies the second‐best problem of designing, for a given market segment, a linear pricing schedule with a limited number of distinct prices while facing exogenous constraints within a large and practically relevant family. Interestingly, we find that second‐best prices may be computed using simple machine learning techniques. As an illustration, we apply our framework to retail electricity pricing in California.