bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Keo Bernard Z 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
The making of an independent Malaya in the wake of World War II has conventionally been characterized within the national imagination as a straightforward and relatively uncomplicated path from British colony to sovereign nation. Delving into this history and examining it from the perspective of groups other than the elites who ultimately won power reveals a more fluid and complex process that involved a wider and more diverse range of actors than has been previously acknowledged. One particularly important but underexamined community within these developments were the Peranakan Chinese of Penang, who fought to create a more cosmopolitan and equitable conception of the nation in lieu of the ethnocentric model that would come to pass. To provide the necessary context for the rest of the monograph, this chapter explores the intersecting scholarship on the development of a distinctly Malay(si)an sense of nation and self, the intertwined processes of decolonization and nationalism, and studies of the Peranakan as well as setting out the sources and methodologies utilized to reveal the overlooked histories of the country’s path to merdeka.
Adjusting for Selection Bias Due to Missing Eligibility Criteria in Emulated Target Trials
Authors: Benz Luke , Mukherjee Rajarshi , Wang Rui , Arterburn David , Fischer Heidi , Lee Catherine , Shortreed Susan M , Haneuse Sebastien 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Target trial emulation (TTE) is a popular framework for observational studies based on electronic health records (EHR). A key component of this framework is determining the patient population eligible for inclusion in both a target trial of interest and its observational emulation. Missingness in variables that define eligibility criteria, however, presents a major challenge towards determining the eligible population when emulating a target trial with an observational study. In practice, patients with incomplete data are almost always excluded from analysis despite the possibility of selection bias, which can arise when subjects with observed eligibility data are fundamentally different than excluded subjects. Despite this, to the best of our knowledge, very little work has been done to mitigate this concern. In this paper, we propose a novel conceptual framework to address selection bias in TTE studies, tailored towards time-to-event endpoints, and describe estimation and inferential procedures via inverse probability weighting (IPW). Under an EHR-based simulation infrastructure, developed to reflect the complexity of EHR data, we characterize common settings under which missing eligibility data poses the threat of selection bias and investigate the ability of the proposed methods to address it. Finally, using EHR databases from Kaiser Permanente, we demonstrate the use of our method to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery on microvascular outcomes among a cohort of severely obese patients with Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Geomagnetic dipole stability and zonal flows controlled by mantle heat flux heterogeneities
Authors: Frasson T , Schaeffer N , Nataf H-C , Labrosse S 
Published: December 2024

SUMMARY
Palaeomagnetic evidence shows that the behaviour of the geodynamo has changed during geological times. These changes are visible through variations in the strength and stability of the magnetic dipole. Variations in the heat flux at the core–mantle boundary (CMB) due to mantle convection have been suggested as one possible mechanism capable of driving such a change of behaviour. This work aims at acquiring a more complete understanding of how lateral heterogeneities of the CMB heat flux affect the geodynamo while other relevant parameters are pushed towards realistic values. For this purpose, we ran geodynamo simulations with degree 1 and 2 spherical harmonic patterns of heat flux at the CMB. Several geodynamo models are used, ranging from standard numerical dynamos to more extreme parameters, including strong field cases and turbulent cases. We show that heat flux heterogeneities with amplitudes compatible with our knowledge of mantle convection history can favour multipolar dynamos. The multipolar transition is associated with a disruption of westward flows either through eastward thermal winds or through a loss of equatorial symmetry. Strong field dynamo models are found to have larger westward flows and are less sensitive to heat flux heterogeneities. Furthermore, we find that the dipolar fraction of the magnetic field correlates with $M_{Za}^{*}=\dfrac{\Lambda _{Za}}{Rm_{Za}^2}$ where $\Lambda _{Za}$ is the zonal antisymmetric Elsasser number and $Rm_{Za}$ is the zonal antisymmetric magnetic Reynolds number. Importantly, $M_{Za}^{*}$ estimated for the Earth’s core is consistent with a reversing dipolar magnetic field. Within the range of $M_{Za}^{*}$ susceptible to reversals, breaking the equatorial symmetry or forcing eastward zonal flows through an equatorial cooling of the core consistently triggers reversals or a transition towards multipolar dynamos in our simulations. Our results support that time variations of heat-flux heterogeneities driven by mantle convection through Earth’s history are capable of inducing the significant variations in the reversal frequency observed in the palaeomagnetic record.
Cytoplasmic expression of trans-active response DNA-binding protein-43 in aged mice display hippocampal sclerosis-like degeneration and neuronal loss with reduced lifespan
Authors: Anderson Ashley J , Dopler Matthew B , Arezoumandan Sanaz , Osei-Kankam Damian , Davis Stephani A , Ajroud Kaouther , Lilek Jaclyn , Bambakadis Eva , Shapiro Rachel , Flanagan Margaret E , Cairns Nigel J , Gitcho Michael A 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Trans-active response DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is the major pathological protein in motor neuron disease and TDP-43 pathology has been described in the brains of up to 50% of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). Hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS-A), an age-related neuropathology characterized by severe neuronal loss and gliosis in CA1 and/or subiculum, is found in ∼80% of cases that are positive for phosphorylated TDP-43. HS-A is seen as a co-pathology in cases with AD, limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy neuropathologic changes (LATE-NC), and frontotemporal degeneration. To understand the pathogenetic relationships between HS-A and LATE-NC, mice that selectively express human TDP-43 and TDP-43 with a defective nuclear localization signal (ΔNLS) in the hippocampus, alone or in an APP/PSEN1 background, were evaluated using histology, HALO software’s object recognition algorithms, and protein expression assays. Twenty-four-month-old mice expressing cytosolic TDP-43 displayed marked neuronal loss and atrophy in the hippocampus, decreased β-amyloid plaque deposition and modulation of microglia and intermediate filament activation. TDP-43ΔNLS-expressing mice survived to only ∼24 months of age whether or not they had an APP/PSEN1 background. This HS-A-like model may provide insights into the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration seen in HS-A and in other TDP-43 proteinopathies.
Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii and Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum infections on tissue sections: Diagnostic pitfalls and relevance of an integrated histomolecular diagnosis
Authors: Trecourt Alexis , Rabodonirina Meja , Donzel Marie , Chapey-Picq Emmanuelle , Bentaher Abderrazzak , Dupont Damien , Miossec Charline , Persat Florence , Wallon Martine , Lemoine Jean-Philippe , Tirard-Collet Pauline , Baltrès Aline , Alanio Alexandre , Devouassoux-Shisheboran Mojgan , Menotti Jean 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans/gattii and Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum may present atypical histopathological features inducing diagnostic errors. We aimed to estimate the frequency of these atypical features in formalin-fixed tissue (FT) samples and to assess the relevance of an integrated histomolecular diagnosis using specific H. capsulatum PCR and panfungal PCR followed by Sanger sequencing and/or targeted massive parallel sequencing (MPS). A total of 27 FT from 23 patients with a histopathological diagnosis of cryptococcosis (n = 16 FT from 13 patients) or histoplasmosis (n = 11 FT from 10 patients) were retrospectively included. All FT were consultation cases. Mycological identifications on equivalent fresh tissue were available for 11/23 (47.8%) patients. The expert pathologist review modified the diagnosis suggested by the initial pathologist in 7/27 (25.9%) FT. Fungal morphology and tissue inflammation were compared between both mycoses. The most discriminant atypical criterion was the presence of dented-looking yeasts, observed in 68.75% (11/16) of C. neoformans/gattii and none (0/11) of H. capsulatum var. capsulatum (P = .002). For the 12/23 (52.2%) patients without mycological identification on fresh tissue, an integrated histomolecular diagnosis on FT using specific PCR or panfungal PCR followed by Sanger sequencing and/or MPS led to fungal identification in 9/12 (75%) cases; for cryptococcosis, the targeted MPS sensitivity was higher than that of Sanger sequencing (P = .041). Thus, because atypical histopathological features may be tricky, integrated histomolecular diagnosis is essential for optimal patient care.
A candidate of high-z central tidal disruption event in quasar SDSS J000118.70+003314.0
Authors: Gu Ying , Zhang Xue-Guang , Chen Xing-Qian , Yang Xing , Liang En-Wei 
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT
We report a high-redshift ($z=1.404$) tidal disruption event (TDE) candidate in SDSS J000118.70+003314.0 (SDSS J0001), which is a quasar with apparent broad Mg ii emission line. The long-term variability in its nine-year photometric $ugriz$-band light curves, obtained from the SDSS Stripe82 and the PHOTOOBJALL data bases, can be described by the conventional TDE model. Our results suggest that the TDE is a main-sequence star with mass of $1.905_{-0.009}^{+0.023}\,{\rm M_\odot }$ tidally disrupted by a black hole (BH) with mass $6.5_{-2.6}^{+3.5}\times 10^7\,{\rm M_\odot }$. The BH mass is about 7.5 times smaller than the virial BH mass derived from the broad Mg ii emission line, which can be explained by non-virial dynamic properties of broad emission lines from TDEs debris. Furthermore, we examine the probability that the event results from intrinsic variability of quasars, which is about $0.009{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, through applications of the DRW/CAR process. Alternative explanations for the event are also discussed, such as the scenarios of dust obscurations, microlensing and accretion. Our results provide clues to support that TDEs could be detectable in broad line quasars as well as in quiescent galaxies, and to indicate the variability of some active galactic nuclei may be partly attributed to central TDEs.
Beyond the Sella: expanded endoscopic endonasal approaches for pituitary tumors
Authors: de Andrade Erion Junior , Alli Saira , Sindwani Raj , Kshettry Varun R , Recinos Pablo F 
Published: January 2025

Abstract
Expanded endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEAs) have significantly advanced the surgical management of invasive pituitary tumors (PTs)that extend beyond the sella turcica. They are particularly important in functioning tumorsto achieve biochemical remission. In this article, we review the classification and application of expanded EEAs in addressing tumors invading the anterior skull base, suprasellar cisterns, clivus, and cavernous sinus. The anatomical basis, techniques and indications for the endoscopic endonasal transtuberculum-transplanum, transclival, and transcavernous approaches as well the resection of the medial wall of the cavernous sinus are discussed. The outcomes of these approaches are reviewed and our surgical strategy for these tumors presented. Despite advances in technology and our understanding of the parasellar anatomy, we emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary team and graded experiential learning for surgeons to minimize the complication rates associated with these technically advanced approaches.
Severe restenosis after stentless treatment with coronary intravascular lithotripsy for calcified nodule lesions: a serial observation with IVUS
Authors: Konishi Rina , Higaki Akinori , Miyoshi Toru , Nishimura Kazuhisa , Ikeda Shuntaro , Yamaguchi Osamu 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
An 82-year-old woman with a history of myocardial infarction presented with worsening effort angina. Coronary angiography (CAG) revealed 75% stenosis in the proximal left anterior descending artery (LAD), with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) identifying a severe calcified nodule near a previously implanted drug-eluting stent. The lesion was treated with intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) and a drug-coated balloon (DCB), avoiding left main crossover stenting. Despite initial success, the patient experienced restenosis three months later, managed conservatively based on favorable DFR/FFR values. However, worsening symptoms led to repeat CAG, revealing 99% restenosis with calcified nodule. A second IVL was performed, followed by crossover stenting from the left main to the LAD, achieving successful stent expansion. This case underscores the potential for severe restenosis following IVL and DCB angioplasty, highlighting the limitations of IVL in reducing calcified plaque volume and the importance of close follow-up.
Tumour in the dark: a challenging case of osteomalacia
Authors: Ambrogetti Robert , Taha Omer , Saeed Mohamed , Patel Prashanth , Rahman Faizanur 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Tumour-induced osteomalacia (TIO), also known as oncogenic osteomalacia, is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome mediated by the overproduction of phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23. TIO is most commonly caused by mesenchymal tumours (PMTs), which are typically small, slow-growing and often undetectable on physical examination and conventional imaging techniques. Patients with TIO typically undergo a protracted period of diagnostic workup and medical treatment due to presentation with nonspecific symptoms and difficulty in localising the culprit tumour. During this period, ongoing surveillance is imperative as medical treatment can limit symptom progression, and tumour identification can provide definitive treatment. We report a case of TIO secondary to a PMT, which, despite biochemical diagnosis, medical treatment and serial imaging, took approximately ten years for tumour localisation.
Visual attention and representational content
Authors: Soland Kim 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Attention makes a phenomenal difference to visual experience, but the nature of this difference is controversial. There are three possibilities. The first is that the phenomenology of visual attention has deflationary content, which is to say that attention makes a phenomenal difference only by modulating the appearance of an attended object's visible features. Secondly, it has novel content—attention contributes unique representational content to visual experience. Thirdly, it has no content—the phenomenal contribution of attention to visual experience is not representational at all. I argue that problems for deflationary content and no content accounts motivate a novel content account of visual attentional phenomenology. I develop a novel content account which avoids challenges that have hitherto been presumed devastating for such views. The resulting theory vindicates representationalism about visual experience and is poised to do the same for experiences in other perceptual modalities.
Formulae for Enhanced Cross Sections Induced by Unusual Resonant Poles
Authors: Okada Maito , Yamaguchi Yukito , Ito Makoto 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
We extend the traditional effective range theory, which can explain the low-energy scattering phenomena by a real potential in neutron plus target systems, to describe the scattering by a complex potential. The extension is achieved based on an analytic Jost function, and we construct analytic formulae to describe enhanced cross sections in neutron scattering originating from unusual resonant states, such as an antiresonant state and an unstable bound state, appearing around zero momentum. The formulae are checked by comparing them with numerical calculations, and we find that the analytic formulae are quite valid in reproducing the cross sections for shape elastic scattering and compound nucleus formation in low-energy neutron scattering.
Under-five child mortality associated with infection: retrospective study, 2018–2022
Authors: Manikandan Anjana , Lewis Leslie Edward S. , P.V. Mallikarjuna , Varghese Aneena , Shettigar Kavitha S. 
Published: December 2024

Purpose:
Mortality in under-five children is a public health concern, and it is an indicator for assessing the progress and overall welfare of a country. Various infectious and noninfectious diseases cause mortality in under-five children. This study was conducted to assess the causes of mortality in under-five children associated with infectious diseases.

Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted by collecting the medical records of under-five children who died because of infectious diseases at Kasturba Hospital, Manipal during the 5-year period from 2018 to 2022. Data analysis was performed to identify the causes, clinical characteristics, and age patterns of the children using Jamovi software.

Results:
Among the total 15 933 live births, 642 patients had mortality. Among 642 mortality, 190 (25.5%) died because of the presence of infectious diseases with overall infant mortality rate per 1000 live births representing 11.9. The highest mortality rate was observed in children aged 0–1 year (81.5%). Respiratory distress was the most common complaint (34.7%). Among the bacterial isolates, Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most predominant bacteria. In addition, Candida spp. and influenza virus were also reported. Sepsis (49%), low birth weight (11%), birth asphyxia (10%), malnutrition (3%) were the other factors found in under-five children who had mortality.

Conclusion:
Pneumonia as the primary cause of death due to infectious diseases in children, followed by other infectious diseases. Clinical sepsis is linked to bacteremia-related deaths. Comprehensive prospective studies and public health measures are needed to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and management of these pediatric conditions.
Plasticity of visual looming response reveals a dissociation of innate and learned components
Authors: Conway Paul B. , Autore Livia , Muñoz Zamora Andrea , Harel Antoine , Tavallaei Arman A. , Winston Stephen M. , Ortega-de San Luis Clara , O’Leary James D. , Brimble Mark A. , Vetere Gisella , Ryan Tomás J. 
Published: December 2024

SummaryAnimals rely on both innate and learned behaviour to respond optimally to their environment. However, little is known about how the brain may reconcile the ability to produce hardwired responses essential to survival while still allowing for adaptive flexibility. Here, we demonstrate that innate looming stimulus responses, an innate predator-evasion behaviour, can be robustly extinguished via repeated unreinforced presentation over several days. We report that this extinction is long-lasting and generalises to other contexts, but can be rapidly recovered via the pairing of the visual stimulus with an aversive electric foot-shock stimulus. Moreover, fiber photometric recordings reveal that this behavioural paradigm results in the attenuation of SC and PAG physiological responses to visual looming stimuli, and that these responses do not recover following recovery of behavioural responses. An analysis of c-Fos expression patterns throughout the midbrain and hippocampus uncovered a ventral CA1 (vCA1) ensemble that is active during both innate and learned visual looming fear responses. We investigate the functional significance of this vCA1 ensemble and report that, while its activity is not necessary for innate defensive behaviour, it is necessary for learned fear responses. Together, these findings reveal a novel role of the hippocampus in enabling adaptive behavioural responses to the innately threatening visual looming stimulus which acts in complement with innate circuitry of the SC and PAG.
Modelling the synergy between single-occupancy and PPE in controlling COVID-19 outbreaks on hospital wards
Authors: Zachreson Cameron , Schofield Robyn , Marshall Caroline , Kainer Marion , Buising Kirsty , Monty Jason , Sullivan Sheena , Subbarao Kanta , Geard Nicholas 
Published: December 2024

AbstractBackgroundOutbreaks of respiratory pathogens on hospital wards present a major challenge for control of hospital-acquired infections. When illness presentation is mild or infection is asymptomatic, isolation of recognised cases may be insufficient to prevent outbreaks, as unrecognised cases may be common. In such scenarios, structural controls such as the design of wards with single-occupancy patient rooms, or routine precautions such as the use of N95 respirators by healthcare staff can play an important role in preventing and mitigating outbreaks.MethodsThis study applies an agent-based extension of the Wells-Riley model of airborne pathogen exposure to simulate COVID-19 outbreaks on hospital wards. We simulated the impact of single-vs. double-occupancy patient rooms on secondary attack rates and the sizes of outbreaks resulting from introduction of unrecognised cases. We further simulated the impact of N95 respirator use by nurses during patient care activities, assuming an efficacy of 90% for protection and source control.ResultsIn our simulations, the size of outbreaks recorded at day 14 was markedly lower in wards with only single-occupancy rooms, compared to double-occupancy rooms (with means of 15.2 and 25.1 infections, respectively). We found that nurses working on wards were more likely to acquire infection than patients. Higher patient room occupancy was associated with increased outbreak size, with a larger relative impact on patients than staff. N95 respirators were effective at mitigating outbreaks, with higher impacts in wards with single-occupancy patient rooms.ConclusionsSingle-occupancy rooms can greatly decrease the risk of hospital acquired airborne infection for patients. We show that single-occupancy hospital rooms can also reduce the number of healthcare workers infected during an outbreak of an airborne respiratory virus, but not to the same relative extent as patients. Due to the structural constraints limiting transmission between patients in different rooms, outbreaks were driven by transmission events involving nurses, which were effectively mitigated through the use of N95 respirators. Taken together, our results suggest that single-occupancy rooms are effective at reducing outbreak sizes. However, they are insufficient by themselves to prevent large outbreaks without mitigation efforts focused on limiting the potential for transmission involving healthcare workers, such as the use of N95 respirators.