bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategy of Da’wah to Improve Muallaf’s Religiousity in Dologuo Village, Bolaangmongondow Regency
Authors: Sahari Sahari , Gunawan Edi , Murjani Murjani 
Published: September 2021

This paper analyzes the religious-social activities done by the preachers as the strategy of da’wah for those who are converted to Islam or “muallaf” in Dologuo Village, Bolaangmongondow Regency. By employing qualitative research, this paper argues that the strategy of da’wah maintained by the preacher (“dai”) has influenced to the improvement of religiosity of the “muallaf”. This paper found that the da’i has been able to implement the strategy of da’wah that is in line with the need of “muallaf”. They established the religious circle or “pengajian”, provide religious books as the reference for the muallaf and building the social cohesion among between the muallaf and the broader Muslim community. This religious commitment can be seen at their ritual, knowledge, and attitude. This study seeks to contribute to the formulation of proper strategy of da’wah to the muallaf.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas sosial keagamaan dan kemasyarakatan yang dijadikan sebagai sarana dan strategi dakwah oleh para da’i dan berimplikasi pada perubahan prilaku (komitmen religiusitas) muallaf di Desa Doloduo Kabupaten Bolaangmongondow. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi yang digunakan da’i di Doloduo Bolaangmongondow menyesuaikan dengan kebutuhan muallaf, yaitu meliputi penguatan aspek akidah, ibadah dan muamalah. Selain itu, dakwah dilakukan melalui kelompok pengajian, memberikan buku-buku agama sebagai bacaan dan mempererat persaudaraan antara muallaf dengan muslim lainnya. Komitmen religiusitas muallaf secara umum sudah tampak bagus dilihat dari beberapa indikator yaitu; aspek keimanan, aspek ritual/ibadah, aspek penghayatan atau kedekatannya dengan Allah, aspek pengetahuan tentang ajaran pokok dalam Islam dan akhlak. Penelitian ini berimplikasi pada perumusan formulasi dakwah yang dilakukan terhadap muallaf.
KAJIAN DAN ADVIS PENYERTAAN MODAL DAERAH PADA PT. LEMBAGA KEUANGAN MIKRO (LKM) GARUT
Authors: Budiman Budiman , Sulastri Lilis , Joharudin Agus 
Published: September 2021

This study was aimed to examine and advise PT. Lembaga Keuangan Mikro (LKM) on capital inclusion adequacy. This study used a quantitative approach by using parametric statistics, and financial report analysis from 2014 to 2018. In this period, the performance of LKM was great. Its asset increased from Rp. 16.40 billion to Rp. 38.37 billion; its credit increased from Rp. 12.16 billion to Rp. 32.60 billion; its savings increased from Rp. 8.53 billion to Rp. 11.28 billion; and its deposits increased from Rp. 11.86 billion to Rp. 17.60 billion. Furthermore, LKM also has good key performing indices. The Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Productive Asset Quality (PAQ), Non-Performing Loan, Cash Ratio, Operating Expense Ratio, (OER), Return on Asset, and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) are all within healthy limits. This brings a good consequence in improving realization need in capital injection from the owner. As to increase PT. LKM performance, the government is suggested to give a capital at least 1 billion Rupiah.
MONITORING DAN EVALUASI PROGRAM CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSBILITY BERBASIS PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT
Authors: W R Willya Achmad 
Published: September 2021

Tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan merupakan kewajiban yang diharus dituntaskan oleh setiap perusahaan sehingga bisa memberikan dampak baik bagi masyarakat dilingkungan sekitar, PT Syams Arief Shumun merupakan anak perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang pengelolahan sawit serta pengolahan sumber daya alam di Kabupaten Kampar. Perusahaan ini memiliki 3 Program CSR berbasis masyarakat, pertama, Pemberdayaan Ekonomi. Kedua, Pemberdayaan Lingkungan dan Ketiga, Pemberdayaan Sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif serta pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi literature terkait CSR dan Pemberdayaan masyarakat, teknik penentuan informan melalui Purposive sampling serta analisis data menggunakan triangulsasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 3 program CSR berbasis pemberdayaan memberikan dampak bagi masyarakat desa panglima raja, keberadaan perusahaan tidak lagi menjadi sumber konflik tetapi menjadi sumber tumpuan kehidupan bagi masyarakat yang terdampak langsung.
Features of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in multiple myeloma
Authors: Subbotin A. S. , Pronin A. I. , Odzharova A. A. , Komarova M. A. 
Published: September 2021

Background. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a kind of malignancy from malignant plasma cells with high intra- and interpatient variability, because of complex clonal evolution of tumor cells. Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG-PET/CT) plays a major role in MM visualization, but there are evidences of non-FDG-avid cases of MM. Taking into account the increasing role of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in MM, special criteria for risk-group stratification was elaborated. These criteria are based on comparison of radiotracer uptake in tumor tissue, mediastinal blood pool and liver.Objective: the study of 18F-FDG uptake in MM and solitary plasmacytoma before antitumor treatment to assess the applicability of criteria based on the ratio of activity in tumor tissue and liver.Materials and methods. We reviewed 65 18F-FDG-PET/CT scans of patients with MM and solitary plasmacytoma before treatment.Results. In our cohort we identified 2 tumor cases of a plasma cell nature, which amounted to 2 % among all B-NHLs. In one case, the process was located in the nasal cavity and clinically manifested itself with nosebleeds. The second case is a lesion of the mouth floor, primarily with the ulcer formation. In the first cases, at diagnosis, the immunohistochemistry (IHC) test was performed after patient’s chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which distorted the tumor immunophenotype. In the second cases with extensive process in maxillary sinuses, a complete and very detailed IHC test was carried out; however the data did not allow for a definitive diagnosis. Difficulties apparently arose in the interpretation of CD38 expression – main marker of plasmacytic line cells, as well as due to the unusual morphology.Conclusion. Therefore, 5-point scale is eligible for MM tumor assessment in 52 % of patients and feasible in 32 % of patients, but in 16 % patients alternative criteria are required.
Plasma cell tumors of the head and neck. Analysis of diagnostic difficulties based on literature and own data
Authors: Kamolova F. Sh. , Grivtsova L. Yu. , Samborskiy S. M. , Larionova V. B. , Ryabukhina Yu. E. , Zeynalova P. A. , Mudunov A. M. 
Published: September 2021

Background. Extramedullary plasmacytoma (EP) of soft tissues, which in most cases affects the organs of the head and neck region, is a relatively rare malignant tumor. Until now, there are no consensus approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of EP. Differentiating EP from other types of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas is difficult. There are difficulties in the differential diagnosis of EP and carcinomas in the head and neck region. Given the rare occurrence of this nosological form, the frequency of diagnostic errors is quite high, which dictates the need for a thorough description of each head and neck EP case.Objective of the study: analysis of possible difficulties and reasons for incorrect interpretation of diagnostic data, and treatment for head and neck EP.Materials and methods. Clinical and morphoimmunological data of 97 primary patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (B-NHLs) of the head-neck region were analyzed.Results. In our cohort we identified 2 tumor cases of a plasma cell nature, which amounted to 2 % among all B-NHLs. In one case, the process was located in the nasal cavity and clinically manifested itself with nosebleeds. The second case is a lesion of the mouth floor, primarily with the ulcer formation. In the first cases, at diagnosis, the immunohistochemistry (IHC) test was performed after patient’s chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which distorted the tumor immunophenotype. In the second cases with extensive process in maxillary sinuses, a complete and very detailed IHC test was carried out; however the data did not allow for a definitive diagnosis. Difficulties apparently arose in the interpretation of CD38 expression – main marker of plasmacytic line cells, as well as due to the unusual morphology.Conclusion. The described diagnostic situations dictate the need for a comprehensive algorithm in the diagnosis of head and neck tumors. It is advisable to perform an extended morpho-immunophenotypic study of the tumor (IHC, immunocytology, flow cytometry, etc.), if a tumor of a plasma cell nature is suspected, a morpho-immunological study of the bone marrow is indicated.
A multidisciplinary approach to the preterm birth
Authors: Andreeva M. D. , Agajan R. A. , Akhidzhak A. N. 
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Rate of factors affecting preterm birth development has not been fully elucidated. The assessment was carried out by identifying 1-2 causes used to build up prognosis.Aim: to identify most relevant risk factors for preterm birth and assess their impact on pregnancy.Materials and Methods. The prospective comparative study was conducted that included group 1 - 36 women with term pregnancy, group 2 - 35 with preterm labor. Establishment of the menstrual cycle has been studied by assessing reproductive, somatic history, and course of current pregnancy.Results. The postpartum women from group 2 were characterized by older age (30.42 ± 6.19 years; p = 0.038). The groups differed by the age of menarche: in group 2, its onset was recorded earlier (11.31 ± 0.79 years), showing shorter duration of menstruation (4.25 ± 1.26 days) as well as menstrual cycle (27.71 ± 3.46 days). Infections in puberty were substantially more frequent in postpartum women from group 2: group 2 vs. group 1 - in 21 vs. 8 postpartum women (p < 0.001); a history of urinary tract infections was also more common in group 2 (in 17 puerperas; p = 0.003), that is also typical for cases resulting in preterm pregnancy. The causative agent of bacterial vaginosis in group 2 was more often presented by Atopobium vaginae (in 17 puerperas; p = 0.0001), with Gardnerella vaginalis found less frequently (in 13 puerperas; p = 0.024), which is important to know for selecting proper therapy. During full-term pregnancy, the Lactobacillus crispatus strain, that determines vaginal health, was excreted significantly more often (in 29 puerperas; p = 0.009). Anemia affecting the antenatal fetal development and the course of labor was significantly more frequent in group 2 (in 22 puerperas; p < 0.001).Conclusion. While planning pregnancy, it is necessary to take into account the age, menstrual cycle features, history of former infections, vaginal microbiota features, as well as conduct proper therapy and prevention in pregravid period.
Particle motion along a kinematic fault model
Authors: King Chi-Yu 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Particle motion was examined along the following kinematic fault model: the fault plane is a rectangle so elongated that differences in particle motion in the shorter dimension can be neglected and rupture, once initiated, can be considered to propagate only in the longitudinal direction(s) at constant speed; the distribution of particle displacement along the ruptured fault segment maintains the same sinusoidal shape at different times until finally all particles stop simultaneously. It was found that the pattern of particle motion in this model depends on whether the rupture propagates unilaterally or bilaterally. For the bilateral case, particle displacement and velocity are nearly a finite ramp and a box-car function of time, respectively. The maximum particle velocity is the same everywhere along the final ruptured fault segment, but the average velocity is slightly higher for particles closer to the ends. For the unilateral case, particle velocity is approximately an impulse function of time for particles near the starting edge and gradually becomes a box-car function for particles near the ending edge of rupture. The maximum velocity is the same for all particles along the fault segment, but the average velocity is considerably higher for particles closer to the ending edge. It is not a good approximation for either of these cases to assume that all the particles along the fault segment have the same displacement-time function with only a time delay.
Travel-time study of six central Appalachian earthquakes 1962-1968
Authors: Bollinger G. A. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Travel time studies are made of the data from six central Appalachian earthquakes that occurred during the period 1962 through 1968 in the states of Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina. Arrival times from forty-two station-epicenter pairs served as input data for the study. Epicentral locations were obtained for the six events with an average standard deviation for the travel time residuals of 0.5 seconds. Nineteen Pn observations in the distance range of 300 to 800 km yield a composite Pn travel-time curve given by t = ( 8.98 ± 0.14 ) sec + Δ / ( 8.22 ± 0.02 ) km / sec with a 0.19 second standard deviation in the travel-time observations. The inverse slope for the Pg phase was found as 6.24 ± 0.03 km/sec and for the Sg or Lg phases as 3.67 ± 0.02 km/sec.
Magnitude determinations using meus of Evernden (1967) are made for two of the five shocks.
The symmetrical triaxial seismometer—Its design for application to long-period seismometry
Authors: Melton Ben S. , Kirkpatrick B. M. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The symmetrical triaxial seismometer is one in which the orthogonal directions of response form equal angles of about 55 degrees with the vertical. The symmetrical design facilitates matching the response of the three elements, and in the long-period configuration minimizes some problems encountered from variations in the natural period caused by local tilting of the earth. A compact design suited to installation in a cased hole is feasible, which in turn permits more widespread application and allows reduction of localized, non-propagating surface noise and tilts.
Application of the bilinear Z-transform method to ground motion studies
Authors: Ray Stagner J. , Hart Gary C. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
A recursive relationship in the time domain is derived for the response of a single degree of freedom oscillator to an arbitrary digitized ground motion. In developing the relationship the oscillator's continuous frequency response characteristics are expressed in terms of an equivalent sampled function Z-plane representation using the bilinear Z-transform method. Oscillator response time histories and response spectra for prescribed ground motions are compared with exact solutions. Application of the presented method to instrument correction studies is discussed.
Modifications to Willmore's method for calibrating seismographs using a maxwell bridge
Authors: White R. E. 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The substitution of an oscilloscope as detector into a Willmore bridge circuit allows a simple, accurate, and direct method of calibration for seismometer systems. An example of the method is given and its modification for a seismometer having appreciable inductance is discussed. It is also shown that transient methods do not allow an accurate determination of high-frequency response.
Short-period seismic noise structure at the Norwegian Seismic Array
Authors: Bungum Hilmar , Rygg Eivind , Bruland Leif 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Power spectral analysis in frequency-wavenumber space and coherence studies in lag space have shown that the noise recorded by the short period Øyer subarray at NORSAR is critically dependent on the weather situation in the North Atlantic Ocean. In addition to the low-frequency noise from the west, there is observed 2-sec microseisms from the Baltic Sea. Because of the nonisotropic noise, the coherence is usually strongly azimuthal dependent, being represented in lag space by ellipses. Large time variations of the coherence are demonstrated.
Smaller aftershocks of the BENHAM nuclear explosion
Authors: Stauder William 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The examination of the BENHAM aftershocks is extended to 162 earthquakes approximately an order of magnitude smaller than those previously studied. The spatial distribution of these smaller events is similar to that found for larger events examined by Hamilton and Healy (1969). Focal mechanisms are also similar to those of the larger aftershocks: dip-slip along northeasterly trending zones and generally strike-slip along a north-south trending zone west of the shot-point. About one third of the mechanism solutions are ambiguous, capable of either interpretation. Amplitude data are successfully used to resolve the ambiguity in about one half of these cases by selecting the solution which gives a notably lesser value of the variance, Σ (∑(Ai, obs − kAi, calc)2/N of the amplitude residuals. The value of k is related to the magnitude of the shocks. A b value of 1.09 indicates that aftershocks of the explosion follow a recurrence rate normal for regional earthquakes or aftershock sequences.
Interferometric calibration of a strainmeter transducer
Authors: Smookler Stanley , Kline John V. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A capacitive-strainmeter transducer is calibrated using a variable-spacing, Fabry-Perot interferometer. Optical flats are mounted on a spring parallelogram. Thermal expansion of a steel tube deforms the parallelogram, smoothly displacing one of the optical flats. This modulates the intensity of the 5016 àline, observed at the central zone of the interference pattern, and thus produces sharp peaks on a pen recorder. A theoretical analysis of the peak width, based on the work of Chabbal (1958), agrees with that recorded by the interferometer. This calibration permits earth-strain measurements to an accuracy of 1 per cent.
Observations of earth surface tilting in Koyna-Pophali region, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Agrawal P. N. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The observations of earth surface tilting in the Koyna-Pophali region employing the Portable Water Tube Tiltmeter system, developed at Roorkee and described in detail here, have been carried out. The results do not reveal any permanent tilt in the Earth's surface layer accompanying the recent seismicity. The discussion of these negative tilt results tends to suggest that the outer Earth's surface layers, i.e., the Deccan Traps are not directly participating in the energy release, and the source of the earthquake activity may be lying at a depth below the Traps.
Microseismicity and tectonics of the Nevada Seismic Zone
Authors: Gumper Frank J. , Scholz Christopher 
Published: September 2021

abstract
Microseismicity, composite focal-mechanism solutions, and previously-published focal parameter data are used to determine the current tectonic activity of the prominent zone of seismicity in western Nevada and eastern California, termed the Nevada Seismic Zone. The microseismicity substantially agrees with the historic seismicity and delineates a narrow, major zone of activity that extends from Owens Valley, California, north past Dixie Valley, Nevada. Focal parameters indicate that a regional pattern of NW-SE tension exists for the western Basin and Range and is now producing crustal extension within the Nevada Seismic Zone.
An eastward shift of the seismic zone along the Excelsior Mountains and left-lateral strike-slip faulting determined from a composite focal mechanism indicate transform-type faulting between Mono Lake and Pilot Mountain.
Based on these results and other data, it is suggested that the Nevada Seismic Zone is caused by the interaction of a westward flow of mantle material beneath the Basin and Range Province with the boundary of the Sierra Nevada batholith.
Combination of P and S data for the determination of earthquake focal mechanism
Authors: Chandra Umesh 
Published: September 2021

abstract
A method has been proposed for the combination of P-wave first-motion directions and S-wave polarization data for the numerical determination of earthquake focal mechanism. The method takes into account the influence of nearness of stations with inconsistent P-wave polarity observations, with respect to the assumed nodal planes. The mechanism solutions for six earthquakes selected from different geographic locations and depth ranges have been determined. Equal area projections of the nodal planes together with the P-wave first-motion and S-wave polarization data are presented for each earthquake. The quality of resolution of nodal plane determination on the basis of P-wave data, S-wave polarization, and the combination of P and S-wave data according to the present method, is discussed.
Surface motion of a semi-cylindrical alluvial valley for incident plane SH waves
Authors: Trifunac M. D. 
Published: September 2021

abstract
The nature of surface motion in and around a semi-cylindrical alluvial valley is investigated for the case of incident plane SH waves. The closed-form analytical solution of this two-dimensional wave-propagation problem displays complicated wave-interference phenomena characterized by nearly-standing wave patterns, rapid changes in the ground-motion amplification along the free surface of the valley, and significant dependence of motion on the incidence angle of SH waves. Although simple, this model may qualitatively explain some vibrating characteristics of long and deep alluvial valleys.
Absence of observable geodetic strain accompanying Danville, California, earthquake sequence
Authors: Savage J. C. , Kinoshita W. T. 
Published: September 2021

abstractRepeated precise measurements of three lines of the California geodimeter network near Danville, California, were undertaken beginning 2 weeks before the largest (ML = 4.25) events in the Danville eathquake swarm and extending over 5 months. The measurements suggest that changes in length of about 1 cm in a direction consistent with right-lateral slip on the Pleasanton fault may have occurred at about the time of the largest shocks. However, the precision of measurement is not sufficient to prove such changes. The evidence does exclude the possibility that changes greater than about 2 cm accompanied the Danville shocks.
A method of correctingP-wave magnitudes for the effect of earthquake focal mechanism
Authors: Syed Atiq A. , Nuttli Otto W. 
Published: September 2021

abstractThis paper presents a methodology for correcting body-wave magnitudes for the effect of focal mechanism in a routine manner. The method requires a knowledge of the prevailing or dominant mechanism for a geographic region, from which tables are constructed which enable one to make the necessary correction. Included in the paper are tables for Aleutian Island, Kamchatka and mid-Atlantic Ocean earthquakes.From a study of seven earthquakes, it is concluded that the present method gives essentially the same average magnitude with the same standard deviation as a more exact method of correcting for the focal mechanism. The latter method uses the focal-mechanism parameters of the earthquake, which must be determined independently for each earthquake.The existing distribution of seismograph stations is such that transform-fault earthquakes of the mid-Atlantic Ocean will consistently have their P-wave magnitudes underestimated by about 0.2 magnitude units, if no correction is made for the focal mechanism. On the other hand, P-wave magnitudes of earthquakes in Kamchatka and south of the axis of the Aleutian Trench will be overestimated by about 0.2 units.