bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging neural circuit pathology of autism spectrum disorders: autism-associated genes, animal models and the application ofin vivotwo-photon imaging
Authors: Terashima Hiroshi , Minatohara Keiichiro , Maruoka Hisato , Okabe Shigeo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecent advances in human genetics identified genetic variants involved in causing autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Mouse models that mimic mutations found in patients with ASD exhibit behavioral phenotypes consistent with ASD symptoms. These mouse models suggest critical biological factors of ASD etiology. Another important implication of ASD genetics is the enrichment of ASD risk genes in molecules involved in developing synapses and regulating neural circuit function. Sophisticated in vivo imaging technologies applied to ASD mouse models identify common synaptic impairments in the neocortex, with genetic-mutation-specific defects in local neural circuits. In this article, we review synapse- and circuit-level phenotypes identified by in vivo two-photon imaging in multiple mouse models of ASD and discuss the contributions of altered synapse properties and neural circuit activity to ASD pathogenesis.
Pazopanib or Sunitinib? cost-utility analysis of pazopanib versus sunitinib in the first-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma in Jordan
Authors: Al-Rabayah Abeer A , Sawalha Razan , Fawzi Al Froukh Rawan , Al-Bawab Rand , Jaddoua Saad M 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of pazopanib for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in the first-line settings from a payer perspective.

Methods
A state-transition model with three health states was developed to estimate the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life years (QALY) gained for pazopanib compared to sunitinib. A lifelong time horizon was adopted in the base-case analysis. The transition probabilities were estimated based on the COMPRAZ trial, utility weights were taken from literature, and costs were based on estimating medical resource utilization data at King Hussein Cancer Centre (KHCC), deriving unit cost inputs from KHCC databases and the Jordan Food and Drug Administration website. Both costs and outcomes were discounted using 3% rate. The model’s uncertainty was tested using a probabilistic and deterministic sensitivity analyses.

Key findings
The base-case results showed that pazopanib was dominant when using the listed price for both medications. Pazopanib was associated with an incremental saving of −$10 721.55 and an incremental QALY of 0.08. The results were sensitive to utility values and the progression health state cost. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the probability of pazopanib being cost-effective compared to sunitinib is around 60–70% at KHCC cost-effectiveness threshold values. However, the result was reversed when the price of sunitinib was reduced by 40% making sunitinib the dominant strategy.

Conclusions
Pazopanib is a potential cost-effective option in the first-line settings for mRCC when the listed price of sunitinib is used. Therefore, price negotiations are recommended before final listing decisions to get the most cost-saving treatment.
Return to School and COVID-19 Vaccination for Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in the United States: Expert Opinion for 2021-2022
Authors: Downes Kevin J , Statler Victoria A , Orscheln Rachel C , Cousino Melissa K , Green Michael , Michaels Marian G , Muller William J , Sharma Tanvi S , Danziger-Isakov Lara A , Ardura Monica I 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic continues to generate challenges for pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients and their families. As rates of COVID-19 fluctuate, new SARS-CoV-2 variants emerge, and adherence to and implementation of mitigation strategies vary from community to community, questions remain about the best and safest practices to prevent COVID-19 in vulnerable patients. Notably, decisions about returning to school remain difficult. We assembled a team of specialists in pediatric infectious diseases, transplant infectious diseases, public health, transplant psychology, and infection prevention and control to re-address concerns about school re-entry, as well as COVID-19 vaccines, for pediatric SOT recipients in the United States in 2021. Based on available literature and guidance from national organizations, we generated expert statements specific to pediatric SOT recipients focused on school attendance in 2021.
Feasibility of quantification of murine radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis with microCT imaging
Authors: McIlrath Daniel R , Roach Elizabeth , Porro Gianna , Perez-Torres Carlos J 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMouse models of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) are commonly produced to find novel treatments for the condition. However, current models are not always assesed in a clinically-relevant manner. Clinics diagnose and track RIPF through CT scanning rather than observing time-to-death. An established timeline of RIPF lesion development in a murine model is therefore needed. Male C57Bl/6 mice (n=43) were irradiated with a single dose of 20 Gy to the whole thoracic area delivered by an 320 kV X-Rad cabinet irradiator. CT was performed with respitory gating at two week time points and developed images to identify RIPF pathology in vivo. Confirmation of CT findings was performed via histology on the lungs using Mason’s trichrome staining. CT images were segmented to quantify fibrosis and lung which are then summed to give total volume. The fibrotic fraction was calculated upto 26 weeks. Significant increases in fibrotic fraction compared to the baseline microCT scans for each individual mouse acquired prior to the 20 Gy exposure are seen beginning at 10–12 weeks. Tidal lung volume was also calculated by subtracting expiration scan volumes from inspiration scan volumes. However the decrease in tidal lung volume over time was not statisitically significant. Computed tomography (CT) imaging was used to quantify the increase in fibrosis over time in our mouse model. However, the results were highly variable among individual mice after irradiation. CT imaging should be used in future studies looking at treatments for RIPF as it allows for measuring the extent of pathology non-invasively in a clinically-relevant manner.
Lost Things and the Making of Material Cultures in Eighteenth-Century London
Authors: Smith Kate 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article focuses on everyday occurrences of loss and losing in urban spaces to examine the role that absence played in shaping material cultures in the past. It returns to a site that has remained central to material histories, eighteenth-century London, and shows how possessions regularly went missing due to theft and forgetfulness. Examining daily newspapers, alongside court cases, diary entries, and handbills, demonstrates how experiences of loss prompted urban denizens to devise systems of reclamation. “Lost” notices placed in London’s new daily newspapers became crucial to ensuring the return of lost possessions. While these systems were largely managed by thief-takers such as Jonathan Wild in the early decades of the eighteenth century, after Wild’s death in 1725, it fell to Londoners themselves to remember the salient features of their possessions and write the notices. These writings and the material practices that underpinned them shaped how people understood the material world around them and how they operated in urban spaces. As such, the article demonstrates the significance of absence in shaping urban material cultures.
How do machine translators measure up to human literary translators in stylometric tests?
Authors: Lee Changsoo 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This study aims to test the classification of literary translations by human and machine translators in a bid to explore stylistic distinctions between the two groups and among machine translators and their evolution over 1 year between 2019 and 2020. For this, the study takes a stylometric approach by employing two statistical methods popularly used in authorship attribution—support vector machine (SVM) and principal component analysis (PCA), which are applied to analyzing three types of features—1-grams, 2-grams, and 3 grams. The results show that over the researched period, the three machine translators investigated (Google, Bing, and Papago) moved in the direction of converging in style while advancing toward human translators. The distance gained by them on human translators, however, was not significant enough to challenge the clear-cut divide between the two groups. The PCA tests additionally revealed some characteristics of the machine translator that might be responsible for the stylistic distinction between them and their human counterparts including their tendency of overusing basic standard language.
Neurobehavioral Symptoms in U.S. Special Operations Forces in Rehabilitation After Traumatic Brain Injury: A TBI Model Systems Study
Authors: Garcia Amanda , Miles Shannon R , Reljic Tea , Silva Marc A , Dams-O’Connor Kristen , Belanger Heather G , Bajor Laura , Richardson Risa 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Special Operations Forces (SOF) personnel are at increased risk for traumatic brain injury (TBI), when compared with conventional forces (CF). Prior studies of TBI in military samples have not typically investigated SOF vs. CF as specific subgroups, despite documented differences in premorbid resilience and post-injury comorbidity burden. The aim of the current study was to compare SOF vs. CF on the presence of neurobehavioral symptoms after TBI, as well as factors influencing perception of symptom intensity.

Materials and Methods
This study conducted an analysis of the prospective veterans affairs (VA) TBI Model Systems Cohort, which includes service members and veterans (SM/V) who received inpatient rehabilitation for TBI at one of the five VA Polytrauma Rehabilitation Centers. Of those with known SOF status (N = 342), 129 participants identified as SOF (average age = 43 years, 98% male) and 213 identified as CF (average age = 38.7 years, 91% male). SOF vs. CF were compared on demographics, injury characteristics, and psychological and behavioral health symptoms. These variables were then used to predict neurobehavioral symptom severity in univariable and multivariable analyses.

Results
SOF personnel reported significantly greater posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms but less alcohol and drug use than the CF. SOF also reported greater neurobehavioral symptoms. When examining those with TBIs of all severities, SOF status was not associated with neurobehavioral symptom severity, while race, mechanism of TBI, and PTSD symptoms were. When examining only those with mTBI, SOF status was associated with lower neurobehavioral symptoms, while PTSD severity, white race, and certain mechanisms of injury were associated with greater neurobehavioral symptoms.

Conclusions
Among those receiving inpatient treatment for TBI, SOF SM/V reported higher neurobehavioral and symptom severity. PTSD was the strongest predictor of neurobehavioral symptoms and should be considered an important treatment target in both SOF and CF with co-morbid PTSD/TBI. A proactive human performance approach towards identification and treatment of psychological and neurobehavioral symptoms is recommended for SOF.
Disc fragmentation and oligarchic growth of protostellar systems in low-metallicity gas clouds
Authors: Chiaki Gen , Yoshida Naoki 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
We study low-metallicity star formation with a set of high-resolution hydrodynamics simulations for various gas metallicities over a wide range 0–$10^{-3} \ {\rm Z_{\bigodot }}$. Our simulations follow non-equilibrium chemistry and radiative cooling by adopting realistic elemental abundance and dust size distribution. We examine the condition for the fragmentation of collapsing clouds (cloud fragmentation; CF) and of accretion discs (disc fragmentation; DF). We find that CF is suppressed due to rapid gas heating accompanied with molecular hydrogen formation even with efficient dust cooling for metallicities ${\gtrsim}10^{-5} \ {\rm Z_{\bigodot }}$. Instead, DF occurs in almost all runs regardless of metallicity. We also find that, in the accretion discs, the growth of the protostellar systems is overall oligarchic. The primary protostar grows through the accretion of gas, and secondary protostars form through the interaction of spiral arms or the break-up of a rapidly rotating protostar. Despite vigorous fragmentation, a large fraction of secondary protostars are destroyed through mergers or tidal disruption events. For a few hundred years after the first adiabatic core formation, only several protostars survive in the disc, and the total mass of protostars is 0.52–$3.8 \ {\rm M_{\bigodot }}$.
Behavioural responses of Anodonta anatina and Unio pictorum to temperature and algal concentration
Authors: Zapitis Charitos , Huck Maren , Mehra Aradhana , Bulling Mark T , Ramsey Andrew 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT
Using time-lapse photography in a laboratory setting, we exposed Anodonta anatina and Unio pictorum for 4 h to algal (Chlorella vulgaris) concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 20.0 mg ash-free dry mass l−1 and to three different temperatures (11 ± 1, 15 ± 1 and 19 ± 1 °C). We analysed the proportion of mussels in locomotion, duration of locomotory activities, posterior tip movement and valve opening behaviour. The proportion of mussels in locomotion was significantly higher for A. anatina and for A. anatina was significantly lower at 11 °C. For both species, the proportion of mussels in locomotion, the duration of locomotion and movement of the posterior tip decreased with increasing algal concentration. The locomotory duration was significantly shorter in U. pictorum. In both species, valve opening peaked at intermediate algal concentrations, with the deviation from the peak being more prominent in A. anatina. Finally, we recorded a contrasting locomotory strategy for the two species (A. anatina crawled on the sediment surface, whereas U. pictorum moved through the sediment) and identified potential density dependence in behavioural adaptation.
Treatment and outcome of intracranial ependymoma after first relapse in the 2nd AIEOP protocol
Authors: Massimino Maura , Barretta Francesco , Modena Piergiorgio , Johann Pascal , Ferroli Paolo , Antonelli Manila , Gandola Lorenza , Garrè Maria Luisa , Bertin Daniele , Mastronuzzi Angela , Mascarin Maurizio , Quaglietta Lucia , Viscardi Elisabetta , Sardi Iacopo , Ruggiero Antonio , Boschetti Luna , Giagnacovo Marzia , Biassoni Veronica , Schiavello Elisabetta , Chiapparini Luisa , Erbetta Alessandra , Mussano Anna , Giussani Carlo , Mura Rosa Maria , Barra Salvina , Scarzello Giovanni , Scimone Giuseppe , Carai Andrea , Giangaspero Felice , Buttarelli Francesca Romana 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
More than 40% of patients with intracranial ependymoma need a salvage treatment within 5 years after diagnosis, and no standard treatment is available as yet. We report the outcome after first relapse of 64 patients treated within the 2nd AIEOP protocol.

Methods
We considered relapse sites and treatments, that is, various combinations of complete/incomplete surgery, if followed by standard or hypofractionated radiotherapy (RT) ± chemotherapy (CT). Molecular analyses were available for 38/64 samples obtained at first diagnosis. Of the 64 cases, 55 were suitable for subsequent analyses.

Results
The median follow-up was 147 months after diagnosis, 84 months after first relapse, 5-year EFS/OS were 26.2%/30.8% (median EFS/OS 13/32 months) after relapse. For patients with a local relapse (LR), the 5-year cumulative incidence of second LRs was 51.6%, with a 5-year event-specific probability of being LR-free of 40.0%. Tumor site/grade, need for shunting, age above/below 3 years, molecular subgroup at diagnosis, had no influence on outcomes. Due to variation in the RT dose/fractionation used and the subgroup sizes, it was not possible to assess the impact of the different RT modalities. Multivariable analyses identified completion of surgery, the absence of symptoms at relapse, and female sex as prognostically favorable. Tumors with a 1q gain carried a higher cumulative incidence of dissemination after first relapse.

Conclusions
Survival after recurrence was significantly influenced by symptoms and completeness of surgery. Only a homogeneous protocol with well-posed, randomized questions could clarify the numerous issues, orient salvage treatment, and ameliorate prognosis for this group of patients.
Body CT and PET/CT detection of extracranial lymphoma in patients with newly diagnosed central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Hyun Suh Chong , Kim Ho Sung , Ahn Sung Soo , Seong Minjung , Han Kichang , Park Ji Eun , Chai Jung Seung , Gon Choi Choong , Joon Kim Sang , Min Lee Sang , Hoon Kim Jeong , Lee Seung-Koo , Hong Choi Seung , Tae Kim Sung , Nayak Lakshmi , Batchelor Tracy T , Huang Raymond Y , Guenette Jeffrey P 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
We aimed to investigate the detection rate of body CT or PET/CT for sites of extracranial disease in patients with a new pathological diagnosis of CNS DLBCL and to identify factors associated with sites of extracranial disease.

Methods
An international multicenter cohort study of consecutive immunocompetent patients with a new diagnosis of CNS DLBCL confirmed by brain biopsy who underwent CT and/or PET/CT to evaluate for sites of extracranial disease between 1998 and 2019. The primary outcome was the detection rate of extracranial lymphoma by CT or PET/CT. Subgroup analyses according to age and EBV status were also performed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine factors related to sites of extracranial disease. Detection rates of CT and PET/CT were compared.

Results
One thousand and forty-three patients were included. The overall detection rate of CT or PET/CT was 2.6% (27/1043). The treatment approach was adjusted in 74% of these patients. Multivariable analysis demonstrated that age &gt;61 years (OR, 3.10; P = .016) and EBV positivity (OR, 3.78; P = .045) were associated with greater odds of extracranial lymphoma. There was no statistically significant difference in detection rate between CT and PET/CT (P = .802). In patients ≤61 years old, the false-referral rates were significantly higher than the detection rates (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
Our results showed increased odds of extracranial lymphoma in patients with older age or EBV-positive lymphoma. Treatment was adjusted in a majority of patients diagnosed with extracranial lymphoma, thereby supporting the current guidelines for the use of contrast-enhanced body CT or PET/CT in patients with newly diagnosed CNS DLBCL.
DNA methylation-based prognostic subtypes of chordoma tumors in tissue and plasma
Authors: Zuccato Jeffrey A , Patil Vikas , Mansouri Sheila , Liu Jeffrey C , Nassiri Farshad , Mamatjan Yasin , Chakravarthy Ankur , Karimi Shirin , Almeida Joao Paulo , Bernat Anne-Laure , Hasen Mohammed , Singh Olivia , Khan Shahbaz , Kislinger Thomas , Sinha Namita , Froelich Sébastien , Adle-Biassette Homa , Aldape Kenneth D , De Carvalho Daniel D , Zadeh Gelareh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Chordomas are rare malignant bone cancers of the skull-base and spine. Patient survival is variable and not reliably predicted using clinical factors or molecular features. This study identifies prognostic epigenetic chordoma subtypes that are detected noninvasively using plasma methylomes.

Methods
Methylation profiles of 68 chordoma surgical samples were obtained between 1996 and 2018 across three international centers along with matched plasma methylomes where available.

Results
Consensus clustering identified two stable tissue clusters with a disease-specific survival difference that was independent of clinical factors in a multivariate Cox analysis (HR = 14.2, 95%CI: 2.1–94.8, P = 0.0063). Immune-related pathways with genes hypomethylated at promoters and increased immune cell abundance were observed in the poor-performing “Immune-infiltrated” subtype. Cell-to-cell interaction plus extracellular matrix pathway hypomethylation and higher tumor purity were observed in the better-performing “Cellular” subtype. The findings were validated in additional DNA methylation and RNA sequencing datasets as well as with immunohistochemical staining. Plasma methylomes distinguished chordomas from other clinical differential diagnoses by applying fifty chordoma-versus-other binomial generalized linear models in random 20% testing sets (mean AUROC = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.52–1.00). Tissue-based and plasma-based methylation signals were highly correlated in both prognostic clusters. Additionally, leave-one-out models accurately classified all tumors into their correct cluster based on plasma methylation data.

Conclusions
Here, we show the first identification of prognostic epigenetic chordoma subtypes and first use of plasma methylome-based biomarkers to noninvasively diagnose and subtype chordomas. These results may transform patient management by allowing treatment aggressiveness to be balanced with patient risk according to prognosis.
Charmonium and charmoniumlike states at the BESIII experiment
Authors: Yuan Chang-Zheng 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Charmonium is a bound state of a charmed quark and a charmed antiquark, and a charmoniumlike state is a resonant structure that contains a charmed quark and antiquark pair but has properties that are incompatible with a conventional charmonium state. While operating at center-of-mass energies from 2 to 5 GeV, the BESIII experiment can access a wide mass range of charmonium and charmoniumlike states, and has contributed significantly in this field. We review BESIII results involving conventional charmonium states, including the first observation of the M1 transition ψ(2S) → γηc(2S) and the discovery of the ψ2(3823) state; and report on studies of charmoniumlike states, including the discoveries of the Zc(3900) and Zc(4020) tetraquark candidates, the resolution of the fine structure of the Y(4260) state, the discovery of the new production process e+e− → γX(3872) and the uncovering of strong evidence for the commonality among the X(3872), Y(4260) and Zc(3900) states. The prospects for further research at BESIII and proposed future facilities are also presented.
The dynamics of disability and benefit receipt in Britain
Authors: Jones Melanie K , McVicar Duncan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic relationship between disability and welfare benefit receipt in Britain. Exploiting rarely used longitudinal data, it examines the impact of disability onset and disability exit on receipt of a range of beneficial outcomes, utilizing differences in the timing of onset/exit for identification. Disability onset increases receipt of disability insurance (DI), sickness benefits, and non-sickness benefits by 6, 8, and 9 percentage points in the onset year, although almost 70% of those experiencing onset remain independent of the welfare system in the short-run. DI reforms that toughened screening, reduced generosity, and increased conditionality appear to have substantially reduced DI inflows following onset, but without affecting the overall probability of welfare receipt. Disability exit, although neglected in the literature, is common during working-age and leads to a decrease in DI (and total welfare receipt), suggesting DI is not an absorbing state.