bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viologen‐Immobilized 2D Polymer Film Enabling Highly Efficient Electrochromic Device for Solar‐Powered Smart Window
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Jia Xiangkun , Zhang Panpan , Liu Yannan , Qi Haoyuan , Zhang Peng , Kaiser Ute , Reineke Sebastian , Dong Renhao , Feng Xinliang 
Published: October 2021

AbstractElectrochromic devices (ECDs) have emerged as a unique class of optoelectronic devices for the development of smart windows. However, current ECDs typically suffer from low coloration efficiency (CE) and high energy consumption, which have thus hindered their practical applications, especially as components in solar‐powered EC windows. Here, the high‐performance ECDs with a fully crystalline viologen‐immobilized 2D polymer (V2DP) thin film as the color‐switching layer is demonstrated. The high density of vertically oriented pore channels (pore size ≈ 4.5 nm; pore density ≈ 5.8 × 1016 m‐2) in the synthetic V2DP film enables high utilization of redox‐active viologen moieties and benefits for Li+ ion diffusion/transport. As a result, the as‐fabricated ECDs achieve a rapid switching speed (coloration, 2.8 s; bleaching, 1.2 s), and a high CE (989 cm2 C‐1), and low energy consumption (21.1 µW cm‐2). Moreover, it is managed to fabricate transmission‐tunable, self‐sustainable EC window prototypes by vertically integrating the V2DP ECDs with transparent solar cells. This work sheds light on designing electroactive 2D polymers with molecular precision for optoelectronics and paves a practical route toward developing self‐powered EC windows to offset the electricity consumption of buildings.
2D Cu9S5/PtS2/WSe2 Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor with High Current Gain
Authors: Yang Sanjun , Pi Lejing , Li Liang , Liu Kailang , Pei Ke , Han Wei , Wang Fakun , Zhuge FuWei , Li Huiqiao , Cheng Gang , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBipolar junction transistor (BJT) as one important circuit element is now widely used in high‐speed computation and communication for its capability of high‐power signal amplification. 2D materials and their heterostructures are promising in building high‐amplification and high‐frequency BJTs because they can be naturally thin and highly designable in tailoring components properties. However, currently the low emitter injection efficiency results in only moderate current gain achieved in the pioneer researches, severely restraining its future development. Herein, it is shown that an elaborately designed double heterojunction bipolar transistor (DHBT) can greatly promote the injection efficiency, improving the current gain by order of magnitude. In this DHBT high‐doping‐density wide‐bandgap 2D Cu9S5 is used as emitter and narrow‐bandgap PtS2 as base. This heterostructure efficiently suppresses the reverse electron flux from base and increase the injection efficiency. Consequently, the DHBT achieves an excellent current gain (β ≈ 910). This work systematically explores the electrical behavior of 2D materials based DHBT, and provides deep insight of the architecture design for building high gain DHBT, which may promote the applications of 2Dheterojunctions in the fields of integrated circuits.
Ultrasound Triggered ZnO‐Based Devices for Tunable and Multifaceted Biomedical Applications
Authors: Carofiglio Marco , Laurenti Marco , Genchi Giada Graziana , Ciofani Gianni , Grochowicz Marta , Cauda Valentina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSmart materials able to respond to an external stimulus or an environmental condition represent milestone developments in modern medicine. Among them, zinc oxide (ZnO) is a highly intriguing inorganic material with versatile morphologies/shapes and multifunctional properties like piezoelectricity, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and antimicrobial ones. Here, the fabrication of smart ZnO‐based films is shown that can remotely be activated by ultrasound (US). US exposure induces electrical potentials on the fabricated devices that can be exploited to stimulate electrically responsive cells or promote ROS generation for cancer treatment. ZnO microparticles with surface nanostructuring are thus synthesized and processed in the form of a paste to deposit thin films on flexible polymeric supports. ZnO paste formulation and the fabrication procedure of the final device are optimized in terms of uniformity, hydrophilicity, and purity. Graphene oxide and poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) are also layered onto the ZnO films in order to provide the devices with additional functionalities. ROS generation and electro‐mechanical performances upon US stimulation are evaluated for all of the developed devices. Finally, biocompatibility studies are conducted with osteoblast‐like cell cultures for possible applications in the contexts of bone tissue engineering/therapy.
Implementing Machine Learning in Laboratory Synthesis by Hybrid of SVR Model and Optimization Algorithms
Authors: Pourashraf Tolou , Shokri Saeid , Yousefi Mohammad , Ahmadi Abbas , Azar Parviz Aberoomand 
Published: October 2021

AbstractNumerous studies have been performed to modify ferrites to achieve the desired magnetic properties for the intended applications. Many variables with interactions between themselves are involved in modifying these properties. This study aims to provide an accurate and effective method for predicting the magnetic properties of M‐type ferrites under the influence of involved variables. For this purpose, ferrites are synthesized by doping 17 different ions and the results of the analysis of samples form the experimental data. The support vector regression (SVR) model is selected for prediction and in order to optimize hyper parameters, genetic, particle swarm optimization, and sequential minimal optimization techniques are used. Based on the comparison between the outcomes of these algorithms, the model with the best performance is used to predict coercivity and residual magnetism in M‐type magnetic ferrites. Furthermore, with the cross validation technique, the accuracy and robustness of the model designed for new samples are evaluated. The results show that the selected SVR model, with an average absolute relative error of 2% and 0.7%, is able to predict coercivity and residual magnetism, respectively. Consequently, the prediction method presented has the capability to accelerate and develop the modification of magnetic properties for different applications.
Effect of phosphorus application on the performance of some cowpea lines
Authors: Suzuki Kanako , Fatokun Christian , Boukar Ousmane 
Published: October 2021

AbstractField experiments were conducted for 2 yr (2014 and 2015) in Fashola, southwestern Nigeria, a low‐phosphorus (P) environment (approx. 1 mg kg−1), to determine the effect of P application on nutrient uptake, growth parameters, and yield in four cowpea [Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp.] genotypes (two low‐P tolerant and two low‐P sensitive). Applications were 0 and 30 kg P ha−1using single super phosphate broadcast on the soil surface just before planting. Phosphorus is very important for leaf and stem development in cowpea at the vegetative stage (i.e., 5 or 6 wk after seeding). This effect appeared more strongly on the genotype with a high amount of biomass (‘Iron bean’) than on genotypes with low biomass (‘IT97K‐499‐38’, ‘Sanzi’, and ‘TVu 7778’). However, in all tested genotypes, P application resulted in taller plants, more leaf area, and heavier shoot dry weight. Uptake of P was increased at flowering stage and at the beginning of pod formation, suggesting that P is necessary for pod formation. As proof, the seed weight per pod in both years (with the exception of ‘Iron bean’ in 2015) was significantly higher under P application. An adequate amount of P uptake can lead to high‐quality seeds.
A homozygous GRIN1 null variant causes a more severe phenotype of early infantile epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Blakes Alexander J. M. , English Joel , Banka Siddharth , Basu Helen 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPathogenic variants in glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA‐1 (GRIN1) cause an autosomal dominant or recessive neurodevelopmental disorder with global developmental delay, with or without seizures (AD or AR GRIN1‐NDD). Here, we describe a novel homozygous canonical splice site variant in GRIN1 in a 12‐month‐old boy with early infantile epileptic encephalopathy and severe global developmental delay. This represents only the second family with a homozygous predicted‐null variant in GRIN1 reported to date. We review the published literature on AR GRIN1‐NDD and find that the phenotype in our patient is much more severe than those seen with homozygous missense variants. A similarly severe phenotype of intractable epilepsy and infantile death has only been reported in one other family with a homozygous nonsense variant in GRIN1. We, therefore, propose that biallelic predicted‐null variants in GRIN1 can cause a markedly more severe clinical phenotype than AR GRIN1‐NDD caused by missense variants.
Effect of surface‐modifiednano‐aluminumtrihydroxide on electrical properties of silicone/nano‐silicananocomposite
Authors: Park Jae‐Jun , Lee Jae‐Young 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe surface of fumed nano‐silica (nano‐SiO2) was treated with an alkyl silazane to change from hydrophilic surface to hydrophobic, and the surface of aluminum trihydroxide (nano‐ATH) was treated with a vinyl silazane to improve electrical properties (high voltage direct current [HVDC] breakdown strength and tracking resistance) in silicone nanocomposites. They were prepared by mixing liquid silicone resin with the modified nano‐SiO2and the modified nano‐ATH, and the effects of the modified nano‐ATH particles on the electrical properties were studied in order to apply them to heavy electric equipment. The surface modifications were confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis and contact angle analysis. As the nano‐ATH content increased, (±)HVDC breakdown strength increased and tracking resistance was greatly improved. As the nano‐ATH content increased, the initial generation of leakage current was delayed, and the occurrence frequency and the intensity of the leakage current decreased. The erosion weight due to the tracking also decreased.
More exposure opportunities for promoting freshwater conservation
Authors: He Fengzhi , Jähnig Sonja C. , Wetzig Annett , Langhans Simone D. 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Freshwater ecosystems have a higher percentage of threatened and extinct species than terrestrial or marine realms, but remain under‐represented in conservation research and actions arguably as a consequence of less popularity and promotion.
Cover images of conservation journals were used as a proxy of exposure and potential promotion opportunities provided for different ecosystems and species. To examine whether articles related to cover images received more attention, citations and Altmetric scores of cover‐featured articles were compared with non‐featured ones within the same host journal issue.
Freshwater ecosystems (10.4%) were featured less often than marine (15.2%) or terrestrial (74.4%) ecosystems on covers of 18 conservation journals from 1997 to 2016. All 15 most featured species are from terrestrial or marine ecosystems.
In addition, cover‐featured studies showed higher citations and Altmetric scores than non‐featured ones within the same host journal issue, indicating that cover‐featured articles received more attention. Further investigations are needed to examine the relationship (i.e. whether there is a true causality) between being featured on the cover, and citations and Altmetric scores received by articles, as well as potentially resulting in greater conservation efforts. Nevertheless, we believe that providing exposure opportunities is likely to better inform the public about the continuing degradation of freshwater ecosystems and its impacts on human well‐being, including economic loss and danger to public health. Journal editors can contribute by balancing their selection of featured ecosystems and species when opportunities arise.
Increasing exposure opportunities for freshwater ecosystems through various channels seems a promising approach to raise public awareness and appreciation of freshwater biodiversity. Scientists can play an active role and form an alliance with journal editors, conservation organizations, and media, to increase momentum in society for fresh waters to be experienced as essential ecosystems and prevent further degradation of freshwater habitats and biodiversity loss.
Näherungsverfahren zum Nachweis gegen Bodenverflüssigung in Gebieten mittlerer Seismizität nach DIN EN 1998‐5/NA:2021
Authors: Vrettos Christos 
Published: October 2021

AbstractDie vorgenommene Neueinschätzung der Erdbebengefährdung für Deutschland im Rahmen der Erstellung des neuen Nationalen Anhangs zu DIN EN 1998‐1 gab den Anlass, die in der geltenden DIN EN 1998‐5 angegebene Nachweisführung zur Bodenverflüssigung zu bewerten und zu aktualisieren. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde für Gebiete mittlerer Seismizität ein leicht handhabbares Nachweisverfahren entwickelt, welches den aktuellen Stand der Technik berücksichtigt. Es basiert auf Ergebnissen von Drucksondierungen am Standort und erlaubt eine direkte Aussage zur potenziellen Gefährdung infolge Verflüssigung. Das Verfahren ist Bestandteil des neuen Nationalen Anhangs zu DIN EN 1998‐5.
The enabling role of formalized corporate networks to drive small and medium‐sized enterprises toward sustainability
Authors: Corazza Laura , Cisi Maurizio , Falavigna Greta 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe global economy's transition toward more sustainable development models is undoubtedly grounded on small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). However, SMEs, individual entrepreneurs, and microenterprises have always encountered barriers to implementing social responsibility and sustainability concepts. The paper investigates the enabling role of formalized corporate networks to drive SMEs toward sustainable behaviors. A quantitative nonlinear regression approach is applied to a content analysis of a sample of network contracts coded. The content analysis is applied to analyze the declared objectives, the purpose of the contract, and sustainability areas. An ordered logistic regression is applied on variables related to the behavior of SMEs before entering in the contract and post‐adhesion phases. Data demonstrates how networks of SMEs can be used as enabling factors to boost sustainability among them. Specifically, the study is based on a sample of 96 formalized network contracts (FNCs), including 1486 Italian SMEs in that sustainability‐oriented networks. It offers an evidence‐based perspective on how networks of companies can play a fundamental role in the development of policies aimed at bringing small companies closer to the concept of sustainability (such as eco‐innovations, eco‐efficiency, environmental performance, and social innovations, among others) and its practical implementation. This paper has two significant strengths. The first is that it uses as a sample a set of 1486 companies, including individual entrepreneurs and microenterprises, whose data are usually difficult to collect. The second is that it demonstrates the efficacy of a contractual form that could be scalable to different countries.
Impact of diabetes mellitus on outcome after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Identifying high‐risk diabetic population from the OCEAN‐TAVI registry
Authors: Matsumoto Shingo , Ohno Yohei , Miyamoto Junichi , Ikari Yuji , Tada Norio , Naganuma Toru , Yamawaki Masahiro , Yamanaka Futoshi , Shirai Shinichi , Mizutani Kazuki , Tabata Minoru , Ueno Hiroshi , Takagi Kensuke , Watanabe Yusuke , Yamamoto Masanori , Hayashida Kentaro ,   The OCEAN‐TAVI Investigators
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo identify the vulnerable diabetic cohort in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).BackgroundsConsiderable controversy remains about whether specific cohort exists in which presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) carries adverse risk of mortality after TAVR.MethodsOf the 2588 patients who were enrolled in the OCEAN‐TAVI registry, 2526 patients with glycohemoglobin data were analyzed. The individuals were divided into DM and non‐DM groups according to previous medical history of DM or using diabetic medicine, and increased HbA1c values (≥6.5%) at baseline. The primary endpoint of this study was 2‐year all‐cause mortality after TAVR.ResultsThe follow up rate of clinical outcome at 1‐year was 2514/2526 (99.5%) and median follow‐up period was 22.5 months. DM group had 699 (27.7%) patients, in which 153 (21.9%) was diagnosed by increased HbA1c levels without previous medical history of DM. Kaplan–Meier curve of 2‐year all‐cause mortality presented significant difference between patients with and without DM (p = 0.029). In addition, patients with low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels > 100 mg/dl and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 40% had great risk of mortality after TAVR (LDL‐C: hazard ratio [HR] 1.82, p < 0.001; LVEF: HR 2.61, p = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionsPresence of DM was significantly associated with poor outcome after TAVR and adverse effect of DM was remarkable in patients with relatively higher LDL‐C levels and reduced LVEF under 40%. These subtypes may need intensive control of cardiovascular risk factors, including DM, before and after TAVR.
Incidence of anaphylaxis and accidental peanut exposure: A systematic review
Authors: Muraro Antonella , Sublett J. Wesley , Haselkorn Tmirah , Nilsson Caroline , Casale Thomas B. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundPeanut allergy (PA), a common food allergy, is increasing in prevalence and is associated with high rates of anaphylaxis. Prevalence of food‐related anaphylaxis is higher in children and adolescents than in adults, and the pediatric incidence is increasing. We conducted a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis to determine the incidence of peanut‐induced anaphylaxis in children and/or adolescents with PA.MethodsLiterature searches were conducted using the PubMed database and through supplemental methods. Eligible articles for inclusion were peer‐reviewed studies published in English that reported the incidence of anaphylaxis in pediatric PA using the 2006 National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network criteria, sample size, and follow‐up duration. Incidence rates were calculated as person‐years at risk or a crude incidence rate was calculated. Meta‐analyses of pooled data were conducted using the I2 statistic as the measure of heterogeneity.ResultsA total of 830 citations were screened; 8 met the study inclusion criteria and were selected for review. Pooled meta‐analysis estimates of the incidence of (1) anaphylaxis among children/adolescents with food allergies, (2) anaphylaxis among children/adolescents with PA, and (3) accidental exposure to peanuts among children/adolescents with PA were 3.72 cases per 100 person‐years (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.35, 5.10), 2.74 cases per 100 person‐years (95% CI = 1.42, 4.05), and 12.28 cases per 100 person‐years (95% CI = 11.51, 13.05), respectively.ConclusionsThe risks of anaphylaxis among children with food allergies and those with PA contribute to the serious overall burden of PA and food allergy for children and their families.
Trajectories of fear of cancer recurrence in young breast cancer survivors
Authors: Schapira Lidia , Zheng Yue , Gelber Shari I. , Poorvu Philip , Ruddy Kathryn J. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Peppercorn Jeffrey , Come Steven E. , Borges Virginia F. , Partridge Ann H. , Rosenberg Shoshana M. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundFear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is more intense in younger women. Because FCR is a powerful determinant of quality of life, identifying those at risk for persistently elevated FCR can inform timing of interventions.MethodsA total of 965 women with stage 0 to stage III breast cancer enrolled in the Young Women's Breast Cancer Study, a prospective cohort of women diagnosed with breast cancer at age ≤40 years, completed the 3‐item Lasry Fear of Recurrence Index. Group‐based trajectory modeling was used to classify distinct FCR patterns from baseline through 5 years post‐diagnosis. Multinomial logistic regression was used to identify patient, disease, and treatment characteristics associated with each trajectory.ResultsFive FCR trajectories were identified with the majority of participants having moderate (33.1%) or high FCR (27.6%) that improved over time. A total of 6.9% participants had moderate FCR that worsened, whereas 21.7% had high FCR at baseline that remained high throughout. In the fully adjusted multinomial model, stages II and III (vs stage I) were associated with higher odds of being in the high/stable trajectory, whereas stage 0 (vs I), being financially comfortable (vs not comfortable), was associated with lower odds of being in the high/stable trajectory. White (vs non‐White) was associated with higher odds of being in a trajectory that improved over time.ConclusionsAlthough FCR improves over time for many young women with breast cancer, approximately one‐third had FCR that was severe and did not improve or worsened over 5 years after diagnosis. Ongoing monitoring is warranted, with early referral to mental health professionals indicated for those at highest risk for unresolved FCR.Lay Summary

Fear of recurrence is common among young women with breast cancer.

The authors followed a large cohort of young women diagnosed with breast cancer when they were 40 years of age and younger, and found 5 distinct trajectories that show moderate and severe fears do not always improve over time and may require targeted mental health intervention.
Trends in drug revenue among major pharmaceutical companies: A 2010‐2019 cohort study
Authors: Meyers Daniel E. , Meyers Benjamin S. , Chisamore Timothy M. , Wright Kristin , Gyawali Bishal , Prasad Vinay , Sullivan Richard , Booth Christopher M. 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundOver the past 2 decades there has been a substantial increase in the number of new cancer medicines; this has been accompanied by a dramatic rise in drug costs. It is unknown how these trends impact the revenue of the pharmaceutical sector.MethodsRetrospective cohort study to characterize temporal trends of revenue generated from cancer medicines as a proportion of total drug revenue among 10 large pharmaceutical companies from 2010 to 2019. Itemized product‐sales data publicly available through company websites or annual filings were used to identify annual drug revenue. Revenue data were adjusted for inflation and converted to 2019 US dollars.ResultsDuring the study period, cumulative annual revenue generated from cancer drugs increased by 70%: from $55.8 billion to $95.1 billion, while cumulative revenue from nononcology drugs decreased 18%: from $342.2 billion to $281.5 billion. The proportion of total drug revenue generated from oncology drugs increased substantially over the study period: from 14% in 2010 to 25% in 2019 (τ = 1.0, P < .001).ConclusionsAmong 10 of the world's largest pharmaceutical companies, revenues generated from the sale of cancer drugs have increased by 70% over the past decade, while revenues from other medicines have decreased by 18%. Revenues from cancer drugs now account for one‐quarter of the net revenues from these companies. Further work is needed to understand if this increase in sales revenue reflects industry profit, and to what extent increased spending has translated into improvements in patient and population outcomes.