bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of a psychomotor intervention on electroencephalography and neuropsychological performances in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Kwag Eunyoung , Stuckenschneider Tim , Schneider Stefan , Abeln Vera 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe aim of this pilot study was to examine the acute effect of a psychomotor intervention (PMI) on auditory‐verbal memory, emotional state, and electrocortical activity recorded by electroencephalography on subjectively healthy older adults (sHE) and older adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCIs).MethodsEleven MCIs and 11 sHE underwent a single 45‐min PMI. Resting state electroencephalography, the Rey Auditory‐Verbal Learning Test, MoodMeter®, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule were compared between groups and pre‐ and post‐PMI.ResultsElectroencephalography current source density and activity within the theta frequency band were higher in MCIs than in sHE at baseline, and brain frequency had a tendency to decrease in MCIs after training. Both groups showed improvement on the auditory‐verbal memory test. Only among MCIs were there increases in perceived physical state and psychological strain and an improvement in negative affect.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that acute psychomotor activity may be more effective for MCIs than for sHE. It supports the notion that PMI does have functional influences on the central nervous level and therefore might prevent and treat cognitive, psychological, and psychiatric symptoms of people with mild cognitive impairment.
Sweating the big stuff: Arousal and stress as functions of self‐uncertainty and identification
Authors: Brown Joshua K. , Hohman Zachary P. , Niedbala Elizabeth M. , Stinnett Alec J. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractGroups serve a variety of crucial functions, one of which is the provision of an identity and belief system that impart self‐referent information, thereby reducing self‐uncertainty. Entitative groups are more attractive for highly uncertain participants seeking groups for identification and self‐uncertainty reduction than less entitative groups. The purpose of the current study was to explore how self‐uncertainty impacts physiological arousal and stress responses. Using a mixed‐methods design (N = 123), we found that self‐uncertainty increased physiological arousal (measured via skin‐conductance level) and stress responses (measured via heart rate). Furthermore, we found that uncertainty‐activated physiological arousal and stress responses were decreased through identification with a high entitativity group. Our findings expand upon uncertainty identity theory by identifying physiological mechanisms that motivate uncertainty reduction.
Risk Factor Analysis of Children's Exposure to Microbial Pathogens in Playgrounds
Authors: Chatziprodromidou Ioanna P. , Chatziantoniou Stella , Vantarakis George , Vantarakis Apostolos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBacteria are commonly found in soil and may cause health risks to children playing in the outdoor playgrounds with soil, mainly via hand to mouth and pica behaviors. Our study concerned with the risk analysis of infection of a child playing in urban playgrounds in the cities of Patras and Pyrgos in Greece. The presence of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analyzed in soil samples of these playgrounds. A standardized questionnaire depicted the individual characteristics of each playground and recorded risk factors in playgrounds related to bacterial infections. Furthermore, the distributions of E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were analyzed in soil samples. Our results were investigated with beta‐Poisson models using the Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment wiki models to evaluate and construct a probability model of infection for each of these bacteria. The risk of infection was higher during the wet period. The risk was higher for P. aeruginosa infection compared to E. coli and S. aureus ones. Nevertheless, the bacterial concentration was higher for E. coli than P. aeruginosa and S. aureus in both wet and dry periods. Our results provide new data that could contribute in assessing the risks associated with playgrounds where children can unaware play in urban parks.
Extracorporeal CO2 removal and renal replacement therapy in acute severe respiratory failure in COVID‐19 pneumonia: Case report
Authors: Gacitúa Ignacio , Frías Alondra , Sanhueza María E. , Bustamante Sergio , Cornejo Rodrigo , Salas Andrea , Guajardo Ximena , Torres Katherine , Figueroa Canales Enzo , Tobar Eduardo , Navarro Rocío , Romero Carlos 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic significates an enormous number of patients with pneumonia that get complicated with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), some of them with refractory hypercapnia and hypoxemia that need mechanical ventilation (MV). Those patients who are not candidate to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), the extracorporeal removal of CO2 (ECCO2R) can allow ultra protective MV to limit the transpulmonary pressures and avoid ventilatory induced lung injury (VILI).We report a first case of prolonged ECCO2R support in 38 year male with severe COVID‐19 pneumonia refractory to conventional support. He was admitted tachypneic and oxygen saturation 71% without supplementary oxygen. The patient's clinical condition worsens with severe respiratory failure, increasing the oxygen requirement and initiating MV in the prone position. After 21 days of protective MV, PaCO2 rise to 96.8 mmHg, making it necessary to connect to an ECCO2R system coupled continuous veno‐venous hemodialysis (CVVHD). However, due to the lack of availability of equipment in the context of the pandemic, a pediatric gas exchange membrane adapted to CVVHD allowed to maintain the removal of CO2 until completing 27 days, being finally disconnected from the system without complications and with a satisfactory evolution.
Head pre‐cooling improves 5‐km time‐trial performance in male amateur runners in the heat
Authors: Coelho Leonardo G. M. , Ferreira‐Júnior João B. , Williams Thomas B. , Maia‐Lima André , Borba Diego A. , Silva Cristiano D. , Coelho Daniel B. , Barros Cristiano L. M. , Prado Luciano S. , Silami‐Garcia Emerson 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of head pre‐cooling on the 5‐km time‐trial performance of amateur runners in the heat. In a counterbalanced design, 15 male amateur runners (22.6 ± 3.5 y; VO2 max in heat 42.3 ± 4.4 mLO2/kg/min) completed two 5‐km time trials performed in the heat (35°C, 50% relative humidity). In one trial (HCOOL), participants underwent 20 min of head cooling in a temperate environment (23°C, 70% relative humidity) prior to exercise. In another trial (CON), exercise was preceded by 20 min of rest under the same temperature conditions. Exercise time was shorter in HCOOL (25 min and 36 s ± 3 min) compared to CON (27 ± 3 min; p = 0.02). Rectal temperature was reduced during the pre‐exercise intervention in HCOOL (p < 0.001), but not in CON (p = 0.55). Relative changes in rectal temperature and mean head temperature were lower throughout HCOOL when compared with CON condition (p = 0.005 and p = 0.022, respectively). Mean skin temperature, heart rate, and rating of perceived exertion did not differ between HCOOL and CON conditions throughout exercise (p = 0.20, p = 0.52 and 0.31, respectively). Thermal comfort was lower in HCOOL condition in pre‐exercise (p = 0.014) with no differences observed throughout exercise (p = 0.61). 5‐km running performance in a hot environment was improved after a 20‐min head cooling intervention, suggesting that this method may be practical as pre‐cooling strategy and easily administered to both professional and amateur runners alike.
Civic and Political Engagement during the Multifaceted COVID‐19 Crisis
Authors: Borbáth Endre , Hunger Sophia , Hutter Swen , Oana Ioana‐Elena 
Published: May 2021

AbstractMeasures to cope with the COVID‐19 pandemic have put a sudden halt to street protests and other forms of citizen involvement in Europe. At the same time, the pandemic has increased the need for solidarity, motivating citizens to become involved on behalf of people at risk and the vulnerable more generally. This research note empirically examines the tension between the demobilisation and activation potential of the COVID‐19 crisis. Drawing on original survey data from seven Western European countries, we examine the extent, forms, and drivers of citizens’ engagement. Our findings show the remarkable persistence of pre‐existing political and civic engagement patterns. Concurrently, we show that threat perceptions triggered by the multifaceted COVID‐19 crisis have mobilized Europeans in the early phase of the pandemic. Similarly, the role of extreme ideological orientations in explaining (regular) political engagement indicates that the current situation may create its specific mobilisation potentials.
Repeat proliferation and partial endoreplication jointly shape the patterns of genome size evolution in orchids
Authors: Chumová Zuzana , Záveská Eliška , Hloušková Petra , Ponert Jan , Schmidt Philipp‐André , Čertner Martin , Mandáková Terezie , Trávníček Pavel 
Published: May 2021

SummaryAlthough the evolutionary drivers of genome size change are known, the general patterns and mechanisms of plant genome size evolution are yet to be established. Here we aim to assess the relative importance of proliferation of repetitive DNA, chromosomal variation (including polyploidy), and the type of endoreplication for genome size evolution of the Pleurothallidinae, the most species‐rich orchid lineage. Phylogenetic relationships between 341 Pleurothallidinae representatives were refined using a target enrichment hybrid capture combined with high‐throughput sequencing approach. Genome size and the type of endoreplication were assessed using flow cytometry supplemented with karyological analysis and low‐coverage Illumina sequencing for repeatome analysis on a subset of samples. Data were analyzed using phylogeny‐based models. Genome size diversity (0.2–5.1 Gbp) was mostly independent of profound chromosome count variation (2n = 12–90) but tightly linked with the overall content of repetitive DNA elements. Species with partial endoreplication (PE) had significantly greater genome sizes, and genomic repeat content was tightly correlated with the size of the non‐endoreplicated part of the genome. In PE species, repetitive DNA is preferentially accumulated in the non‐endoreplicated parts of their genomes. Our results demonstrate that proliferation of repetitive DNA elements and PE together shape the patterns of genome size diversity in orchids.
GmPTF1 modifies root architecture responses to phosphate starvation primarily through regulating GmEXPB2 expression in soybean
Authors: Yang Zhaojun , Gao Zhi , Zhou Huiwen , He Ying , Liu Yanxing , Lai Yelin , Zheng Jiakun , Li Xinxin , Liao Hong 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThough root architecture modifications may be critically important for improving phosphorus (P) efficiency in crops, the regulatory mechanisms triggering these changes remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that genotypic variation in GmEXPB2 expression is strongly correlated with root elongation and P acquisition efficiency, and enhancing its transcription significantly improves soybean yield in the field. Promoter deletion analysis was performed using 5′ truncation fragments (P1–P6) of GmEXPB2 fused with the GUS gene in soybean transgenic hairy roots, which revealed that the P1 segment containing three E‐box elements significantly enhances induction of gene expression in response to phosphate (Pi) starvation. Further experimentation demonstrated that GmPTF1, a basic‐helix‐loop‐helix transcription factor, is the regulatory factor responsible for the induction of GmEXPB2 expression in response to Pi starvation. In short, Pi starvation induced expression of GmPTF1, with the GmPTF1 product directly binding to the E‐box motif in the P1 region of the GmEXPB2 promoter. Plus, both GmPTF1 and GmEXPB2 highly expressed in lateral roots, and were significantly enhanced by P deficiency. Further work with soybean stable transgenic plants through RNA sequencing analysis showed that altering GmPTF1 expression significantly impacted the transcription of a series of cell wall genes, including GmEXPB2, and thereby affected root growth, biomass and P uptake. Taken together, this work identifies a novel regulatory factor, GmPTF1, involved in changing soybean root architecture partially through regulation of the expression of GmEXPB2 by binding the E‐box motif in its promoter region.
Surgical treatment and outcome of sterile prostatic cysts in dogs
Authors: Del Magno Sara , Pisani Guido , Dondi Francesco , Cinti Filippo , Morello Emanuela , Martano Marina , Foglia Armando , Giacobino Davide , Buracco Paolo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the surgical treatment and outcome of a large cohort of dogs with sterile prostatic cysts (PCs).Study DesignRetrospective study.AnimalsForty‐four client‐owned dogs.MethodsDogs with sterile PCs with at least 6 months of follow‐up were included. Clinical variables, type of surgery, complications, recurrences, and outcomes (telephonic interviews or rechecks) were recorded.ResultsExtra‐ and intraparenchymal cysts were diagnosed in 29 and 11 dogs, respectively. Four dogs had both types. Extraparenchymal cysts were treated by partial resection and omentalization (n = 22) and complete resection (n = 7). Drainage and intracapsular omentalization were performed in all dogs with intraparenchymal cysts. The four dogs with both types of cyst were treated by omentalization. Resolution was documented in 39/44 dogs (88.6%). Intraoperative complications occurred in one dog (urethral tear). Major complications resulting in death occurred in three dogs (oliguric kidney injury, cardiac arrhythmia, and persisting urinary tract obstruction). Minor complications (n = 10) consisted of temporary urinary incontinence (n = 2), permanent urinary incontinence (n = 5), urinary retention (n = 2), and dysuria (n = 1). Recurrence occurred in two dogs with extraparenchymal cysts. Median long‐term follow‐up was 528 days (range, 250–730 days). Thirty‐nine dogs had no signs associated with prostatic disease at long‐term follow‐up.ConclusionPartial or complete resection and/or omentalization of sterile PCs led to resolution of clinical signs in most dogs, although postoperative urinary incontinence was frequent.ImpactThis study is the largest case series relative to canine sterile PCs treated surgically and provides evidence on the prognosis and rate of complications.
Effect of irrigation technique on the vertebral canal temperature during thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy in dogs: An ex vivo study
Authors: Dongaonkar Kaustubh R. , Aoki Koji , Zwueste Danielle , Bates Miriam 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of continuous and intermittent bolus irrigation on vertebral canal temperature during thoracolumbar hemilaminectomy.Study DesignEx vivo study.Sample PopulationTen canine cadavers.MethodsSix consecutive thoracolumbar hemilaminectomies starting at T12‐13 with alternating left‐ or right‐side selection, and alternating continuous or intermittent bolus irrigation were performed in each dog resulting in 30 hemilaminectomies per irrigation technique. Drilling was performed for 15 s followed by a 10‐s pause and resumed until completion of hemilaminectomy. Continuous irrigation consisted of saline delivered at 15 ml/min during drilling. Bolus irrigation consisted of manual delivery of 10 ml saline during the pause. Temperatures were recorded with two sensors placed within the vertebral canal adjacent to target hemilaminectomy site and compared between techniques with a linear mixed model.ResultsIntermittent bolus irrigation was associated with lower peak vertebral canal temperatures (mean 15.7°C; range 9.4–23.3°C) than continuous irrigation (mean 16.7°C; range 9.6–27.6°C, p = .003) (mean difference of 1.1°C, p = .006). Similarly, mean vertebral canal temperatures remained lower when hemilaminectomies were performed under intermittent rather than continuous irrigation (mean difference of 0.48°C, p = .006, linear mixed model).ConclusionLower vertebral canal temperatures were maintained during hemilaminectomy with intermittent bolus rather than continuous irrigation.Clinical SignificanceBoth intermittent bolus and continuous irrigation are suitable to prevent elevations in canine vertebral canal temperature during hemilaminectomy.
Influence of interlocking thread screws to repair simulated adult canine humeral condylar fractures
Authors: Raleigh Joseph S. , Filliquist Barbro , Kapatkin Amy S. , Chou Po Yen , Marcellin‐Little Denis J. , Garcia Tanya C. , Jacques Kevin L. , Stover Susan M. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the influence of interlocking screw threads on the biomechanical properties of repaired canine humeral condylar fractures.Study DesignEx vivo biomechanical study.Sample PopulationThirty‐six humeral condyles.MethodsSimulated fractures of the lateral aspect of the humeral condyle were stabilized by a 3.5 mm interlocking thread screw (ITS) or 3.5 mm buttress thread screw placed in lag (BTS‐L) or positional fashion (BTS‐P) and axially loaded at a walk, trot, 2‐mm displacement, and failure cycles. Compact flute drill bits (CFBs) were used for ITS constructs and standard flute drill bits (SFB) for BTS constructs. The effects of bit type on drilling parameters and screw type on screw insertion properties and fragment stability were assessed.ResultsCFB produced a 6°C greater temperature increase (p = .042) and required 20 N higher torque (p = .003) than SFB. Insertional torque was greater for ITS than BTS‐P (p = .001) and BTS‐L (p = .001). Condylar fragment rotation at failure was lower in ITS (lsmean ± SE, 8.3° ± 1.9°) than BTS‐L constructs (14.5° ± 2.3°,p = .011). ITS resisted greater loads (1503 ± 105 N) than BTS‐P (1189 ± 99 N,p = .038) but not BTS‐L (1249 ± 123 N,p = .121) constructs.ConclusionBiomechanical performance of constructs was improved with ITS rather than BTS fixation.Clinical SignificanceITS can be considered for stabilization of humeral condylar fractures in adult dogs.
‘It's our job’: Constraints to investigation of atypical disease events—Opinions of Australian veterinarians
Authors: Steele Sandra G. , Mor Siobhan M. , Toribio Jenny‐Ann L.M.L. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractFrontline health practitioners need to be adequately prepared to recognize and respond to atypical disease presentations, some of which may have zoonotic potential. Data from previous research have suggested that veterinarians may face challenges in investigation of disease events due to time and money constraints. As part of an Australia‐wide survey project, veterinarians were asked to answer an open‐ended question regarding potential constraints in investigation of atypical disease events where there may be concern about a zoonosis or emerging infectious disease. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic content analysis with the consideration of the respondent's area of practice and level of experience. Five main themes were identified which encapsulated constraints to disease investigation described by participants, namely: (a) financing of disease investigations, including client willingness/ability to pay in absence of alternative government schemes; (b) client‐related factors, including willingness to consent to investigation and comply with instructions; (c) professional preparedness to act, related to practitioner knowledge and technical competency; (d) workplace environment, impacted by physical, logistical and managerial aspects of workplaces; and (e) access to external technical support, primarily from government veterinary services. Successful investigation and management of atypical diseases, including potential zoonoses, requires preparedness of all veterinarians. Continuing professional education for veterinarians in infection prevention and control and biosecurity, alongside adequate government funding and support will help facilitate optimal health and biosecurity outcomes. Both state and federal governments need to review existing animal health structures to ensure cohesive responses for future disease events.
Increasing Mobile Robot Efficiency and Versatility Through Manipulation-Driven Adaptation1
Authors: Kim Raymond , Madabushi Varun , Dong Eric , Mazumdar Anirban 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Terrestrial mobile robotics are crucial to a range of missions including planetary exploration, search and rescue, logistics, and national security. Many of these missions require the robot to operate on a broad variety of terrain. Wheels are ideal for energy efficiency but can suffer catastrophic failure when presented with obstacles or complex ground. Legs can help traverse obstacles but at the cost of energy efficiency. Physical adaptation can enable a robot to benefit from both modes of locomotion. This article describes a new approach to physical adaptation through manipulation. Specifically, this article examines how manipulators can be used to change the vehicle’s mode of locomotion and improve energy efficiency and versatility. This article presents “swappable propulsors,” which can be easily attached/detached to adapt the vehicle through the use of permanent magnets. A new robot system that uses its manipulator to discretely switch between wheeled and legged locomotion is created. The experimental results demonstrate how this approach provides a unique combination of energy efficiency and versatility. This study describes the design of swappable propulsors, analyzes how to manipulate them, and describes how they can be used to improve performance. This study extends on prior work with additional analysis, an improved robot prototype, and new experimental results.
Accurate Boundary Layer Measurements Using Hot-Wire Anemometry—Improvements and Error Analysis
Authors: Chemnitz Silvio , Niehuis Reinhard 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn this article, two approaches are presented dealing with common challenges of two-dimensional boundary layer measurements with hot wire anemometry under challenging test conditions. Novel procedures for accurate determination of the sensor position and correction of the wall heat effect were developed and tested at high freestream velocities of about M1 = 0.3 and thin boundary layers (δ99 = 0.7 − 3.5 mm) of different transitional state in a low-density environment. First, a novel procedure for automatized determination of the accurate hot wire sensor position relative to the wall is presented. The quantification and correction of possible subminiature sensor misalignments is achieved by taking advantage of the linear nature of the laminar sublayer of each boundary layer. The statistical approaches for identification and verification of the linear sublayer demonstrate satisfying results of minimized position uncertainties of about 24 μm. Second, a highly adaptable method for correction of the well-known wall heat effect is presented. In contrary to a series of static correction approaches, the biased velocity information is corrected by optimizing the parameters of an exponential approach, where the correction term is optimized for each boundary layer individually. This novel approach resolves the problem of the limited applicability of static correction methods, caused by system inherent measurement uncertainties.