bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Collagen Triple Helix Structure on Melanoma Cell Invadopodia Formation and Matrix Degradation upon BRAF Inhibitor Treatment
Authors: Shin Della S. , Schroeder Megan E. , Anseth Kristi S. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA collagen‐rich tumor microenvironment (TME) is associated with worse outcomes in cancer patients and contributes to drug resistance in many cancer types. In melanoma, stiff and fibrillar collagen‐abundant tissue is observed after failure of therapeutic treatments with BRAF inhibitors. Increased collagen in the TME can affect properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including stiffness, adhesiveness, and interaction of integrins with triple helix forming nanostructures. Decoupling these biochemical and biophysical properties of the ECM can lead to a better understanding of how each of these individual properties affect melanoma cancer behavior and drug efficacy. In addition, as drug treatment can induce cancer cell phenotypic switch, cancer cell responsiveness to the TME can be dynamically changed during therapeutic treatments. To investigate cancer cell phenotype changes and the role of the cancer TME, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels functionalized with collagen mimetic peptides (CMPs) is utilized, or an interpenetrating network (IPN) of type І collagen within the PEG system to culture various melanoma cell lines in the presence or absence of Vemurafenib (PLX4032) drug treatment is prepared. Additionally, the potential of using CMP functionalized PEG hydrogels, which can provide better tunability is explored, to replace the existing invadopodia assay platform based on fluorescent gelatin.
Tuning the Transport Properties of Gases in Porous Graphene Membranes with Controlled Pore Size and Thickness
Authors: Ashirov Timur , Yazaydin A. Ozgur , Coskun Ali 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPorous graphene membranes have emerged as promising alternatives for gas‐separation applications due to their atomic thickness enabling ultrahigh permeance, but they suffer from low gas selectivity. Whereas decreasing the pore size below 3 nm is expected to increase the gas selectivity due to molecular sieving, it is rather challenging to generate a large number of uniform small pores on the graphene surface. Here, a pore‐narrowing approach via gold deposition onto porous graphene surface is introduced to tune the pore size and thickness of the membrane to achieve a large number of small pores. Through the systematic approach, the ideal combination is determined as pore size below 3 nm, obtained at the thickness of 100 nm, to attain high selectivity and high permeance. The resulting membrane shows a H2/CO2 separation factor of 31.3 at H2 permeance of 2.23 × 105 GPU (1 GPU = 3.35 × 10−10 mol s−1 m−2 Pa−1), which is the highest value reported to date in the 105 GPU permeance range. This result is explained by comparing the predicted binding energies of gas molecules with the Au surface, −5.3 versus −21 kJ mol−1 for H2 and CO2, respectively, increased surface–gas interactions and molecular‐sieving effect with decreasing pore size.
Immune Checkpoint Ligand Bioengineered Schwann Cells as Antigen‐Specific Therapy for Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Au Kin Man , Tisch Roland , Wang Andrew Z. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractFailure to establish immune tolerance leads to the development of autoimmune disease. The ability to regulate autoreactive T cells without inducing systemic immunosuppression represents a major challenge in the development of new strategies to treat autoimmune disease. Here, a translational method for bioengineering programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1)‐ and cluster of differentiation 86 (CD86)‐functionalized mouse Schwann cells (SCs) to prevent and ameliorate multiple sclerosis (MS) in established mouse models of chronic and relapsing‐remitting experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is described. It is shown that the intravenous (i.v.) administration of immune checkpoint ligand functionalized mouse SCs modifies the course of disease and ameliorates EAE. Further, it is found that such bioengineered mouse SCs inhibit the differentiation of myelin‐specific helper T cells into pathogenic T helper type‐1 (Th1) and type‐17 (Th17) cells, promote the development of tolerogenic myelin‐specific regulatory T (Treg) cells, and resolve inflammatory central nervous system microenvironments without inducing systemic immunosuppression.
A High‐Performance Nonfused Wide‐Bandgap Acceptor for Versatile Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Bi Pengqing , Zhang Shaoqing , Ren Junzhen , Chen Zhihao , Zheng Zhong , Cui Yong , Wang Jianqiu , Wang Shijie , Zhang Tao , Li Jiayao , Xu Ye , Qin Jinzhao , An Cunbin , Ma Wei , Hao Xiaotao , Hou Jianhui 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWide‐bandgap (WBG) nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) with nonfused conjugated structures play a critical role in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. Here, NFAs named GS‐OEH, GS‐OC6, and GS‐ISO, with optical bandgaps larger than 1.70 eV, are synthesized without using the fused ring structures. Compared with GS‐OEH and GS‐OC6, GS‐ISO exhibits much stronger crystallinity, leading to a smaller energetic disorder and a larger exciton diffusion coefficient. GS‐ISO also possesses a higher electroluminescence external quantum efficiency of 1.0 × 10−2. The OPV cell based on PBDB‐TF:GS‐ISO demonstrates a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.62% under the standard one sun illumination. Besides, the PBDB‐TF:GS‐ISO‐based cell with effective area of 1.0 cm2 exhibits a PCE of 28.37% under 2700 K illumination of 500 lux. A tandem OPV cell using PBDB‐TF:GS‐ISO as the front subcell shows an outstanding efficiency of 19.10%. Importantly, the GS‐ISO‐based OPV cell exhibits promising stability under the continuous illumination of simulated sunlight. This study indicates that the molecular design strategy demonstrated in this work has great superiority in developing nonfused NFAs and also that GS‐ISO is a promising WBG acceptor for versatile photovoltaic applications.
In Situ Architecting Endogenous Heterojunction of MoS2 Coupling with Mo2CTx MXenes for Optimized Li+ Storage
Authors: Zhu Shuang , Wang Changda , Shou Hongwei , Zhang Pengjun , Wan Ping , Guo Xin , Yu Zhen , Wang Wenjie , Chen Shuangming , Chu Wangsheng , Song Li 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEndogenous heterojunction of 2D MXenes with unique structure shows inspiring potential in energy applications, which is impeded by complex synthesis method and finite MAX materials. Herein, an in situ hydrothermal strategy is implemented to successfully synthesize unique endogenous hetero‐MXenes of amorphous MoS2 coupling with fluoride‐free Mo2CTx (hetero‐Mo2C) directly from Mo2Ga2C MAX. The distinctive morphology and heterojunction structure caused by the introduction of MoS2 endow the hetero‐MXenes with extraordinary structural stability and optimized Li+ storage mechanism with improved charge transport and lithium ion adsorption capabilities. As a result, hetero‐Mo2C exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with a high discharge specific capacity of 1242 mAh g‐1 at 0.1 A g−1 and long cycle stability of 683.9 mAh g−1 after 1200 cycling. This work provides new insights into rational design of novel MXenes heterojunctions, practically important for the development of MXenes and their applications in high‐performance energy storage systems.
Fish diversity and composition of Tugwi Mukosi Dam, Zimbabwe's largest inland reservoir post impoundment
Authors: Magqina Terence , Mungenge Chipo , Mawoyo Kuzivakwashe A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe fish diversity and composition of Tugwi Mukosi Dam, Zimbabwe's largest inland reservoir was investigated in 2019 (post impoundment phase) after the reservoir filled in 2017. The main objective of this study was to determine the status of the fish community in Zimbabwe's largest reservoir post dam impoundment. Nine species belonging to four families were observed from the reservoir. The Cichlidae family with the following species: Oreochromis niloticus, Oreochromis mossambicus, Tilapia rendalli, Oreochromis macrochir and Serranochromis thurmbergi constituted 66.7% of the sample, the Centrarchidae with species Micropterus salmoides constituted 12.7% of the sample and the Cyprinidae family with species Labeo cylindricus constituted 2.7% of the sample, which was the least abundant. The O. niloticus population, which was introduced in 2017, seemed to have reached the establishment stage’ on the introduction–naturalisation–invasion continuum as evidenced by its ability to survive and breed. Oreochromis mossambicus, which formerly dominated the riverine catches, appeared to be still dominant in the new environment. Micropterus salmoides, O. niloticus and O. mossambicus had active ripe and ripe‐running individuals throughout the year whereas O. macrochir, S. thumbergi and L. cylindricus had no clear trend in terms of breeding. The growth performance indices for O. mossambicus, M. salmoides and O. niloticus ranged from 5.03 to 5.36. The highest mortality rate was 2.81 for M. salmoides and the lowest was 1.35 for O. mossambicus. There is no pre‐impoundment data for the fish community and abundance in Tugwi Mukosi Dam and therefore these results provide baseline data 3 years after impoundment. These results are a benchmark for future studies and new insights into the fish communities of large reservoirs. Future fish studies in Tugwi Mukosi should investigate how this fish community continues to evolve over time.
Instructive feedback to expand listener skills in a second language in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Jimenez‐Gomez Corina , Pichardo Jessebelle , Ryan Victoria 
Published: November 2021

AbstractChildren with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who live in homes in which the primary language is different than the predominant language in their community need to be able to engage in listener skills in both languages in order to be successful across environments (e.g., school vs. home). Instructional strategies that promote effective acquisition of maximum skills with minimal training are optimal for bilingual children with ASD. The present study evaluated whether teaching listener skills in English while providing instructive feedback in Spanish to three boys with ASD would result in participants displaying the listener skill when presented with the Spanish discriminative stimulus. Participants displayed various levels of transfer from English to Spanish listener responses, with a total of 12 out of the 18 possible transfer targets displayed without direct instruction.
Advances in electrochemical aptasensing for cardiac biomarkers
Authors: Rahman Md. Mahbubur , Lopa Nasrin Siraj , Lee Jae‐Joon 
Published: November 2021

AbstractNovel bio‐receptors or bio‐recognition molecular markers with high specificity, stability, and affinity for the efficient binding and entrapment of target biomolecules are essential for developing biomedical devices with high sensitivity and reliability. Aptamers are peptide or nucleic‐acid (DNA or RNA) molecules capable of binding to target biomarkers by forming a unique three‐dimensional structure, providing an effective platform for biosensing. This review comprehensively summarizes the progress of label‐free and label‐based electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of various biomarkers related to cardiovascular diseases. It also outlines the fundamental properties of different cardiac biomarkers, synthesis of target‐specific aptamers, and working principles, such as single receptor and sandwich, of the different types of sensing assays for the electrochemical detection of cardiac biomarkers while highlighting the current challenges and future perspectives.
Study on melting and crystallization of PHBHx thin films using IR and 2D correlation spectroscopy
Authors: Kim Minkyoung , Noda Isao , Park Yeonju 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe thermal behavior of poly(hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHx) thin films having various molar fractions of hydroxyhexanoate (Hx) was investigated using IR, 2D gradient mapping, 2D correlation spectroscopy (2D‐COS), and multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis. The melting and crystallization temperatures were determined using 2D gradient mapping. The 2D‐COS combined with MCR analysis provided information on the unambiguous components that appeared in PHBHx thin films during the melting and crystallization processes.
Clinical epidemiological characteristics of nitrous oxide abusers: A single‐center experience in a hospital in China
Authors: Li Yueyue , Dong Jing , Xu Ran , Feng Fanfan , Kan Weihao , Ding Hongmei , Wang Xiaolong , Chen Yujie , Wang Xin , Zhu Shiguang , Dong Ruiguo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study investigated the clinical epidemiological characteristics of nitrous oxide (N2O) abusers in a hospital in China, which have not been systematically reported.MethodsThe characteristics of patients abusing N2O who were examined and treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2017 to December 2020 were analyzed.ResultsA total of 61 patients (average age: 21.7 ± 3.2 years; 42 male and 19 female) were enrolled; 60.7% of the patients had an education level of high school or lower, and most (59.0%) had no stable occupation. The mean exposure time was 8.5 ± 7.7 months (range: 1–36 months). Only 52.5% of the abusers reported the physician of the relevant exposure history at the first time of visiting the doctor. The main clinical type was mixed (49.2%). The most common clinical manifestation was distal limb numbness (80.3%). The most frequent outcome was peripheral neuropathy (59%) and subacute combined degeneration (36%). Serum homocysteine level was elevated in 67.5% (27/40) of the patients, while 44.4% (20/45) showed reduced vitamin B12. Note that 61% (22/36) showed abnormal signals in the posterior or lateral funiculus of the spinal cord, and 97% (31/32) of the patients showed peripheral nerve damage by electromyography. In all cases, symptoms were alleviated after halting N2O intake and receiving nutritional neurotherapy.ConclusionsN2O abuse can lead to nervous system damage, especially peripheral nerve and spinal cord damage. A full understanding of its clinical epidemiological characteristics is helpful for clinicians to make a timely and clear diagnosis.
The implementation of Journeying through Dementia: Strategies to run a successful pragmatic multicenter trial of a complex intervention
Authors: Berry Katherine , Wright Jessica , Sprange Kirsty , Cooper Cindy , Courtney‐Walker Rebecca , Mountain Gail 
Published: November 2021

AbstractObjectiveA key challenge in delivering pragmatic trials of complex interventions is effective implementation within the study period and beyond. We describe a trial of an intervention to improve quality of life in mild dementia (Journeying through Dementia), describe some of the challenges raised in terms of implementation, and illustrate the methods used to ensure effective implementation.MethodThe intervention was delivered by staff within local services and supervised by more experienced clinicians within those services in order to test the intervention in real‐world settings and establish the potential for future embedding into practice. Researchers delivered training sessions for all facilitators and supervisors, met at regular intervals with intervention supervisors, and provided feedback on summaries of intervention sessions created by facilitators. We conducted a thematic analysis of the content of meetings and written correspondence between the researchers and intervention supervisors regarding implementation issues.ResultsKey themes relating to difficulties with implementation were: staff absences and staff leaving posts; participant lack of engagement with intervention; difficulties with delivery of supervision; difficult group dynamics; lack of time to deliver the intervention; and lack of adherence to the intervention and its ethos.ConclusionWe provide guidance for researchers involved in the trialing of other complex interventions in how these challenges might be overcome. These include: recruiting additional staff to deliver the intervention; having clear protocols in place for managing staff absences; using supervision to problem solve participant attendance at intervention sessions and difficult group dynamics; monitoring staff engagement in supervision and addressing problems with engagement with staff and managers when this occurs; giving staff ring‐fenced time to deliver the intervention and engage in supervision; and regular monitoring and feedback in relation to the content of the intervention to ensure that it is consistent with ethos and content of the intervention manual.
p53 expression in repair/reactive renal tubular cells: A potential pitfall leading to a false‐positive diagnosis of urine cytology
Authors: Enomoto Kaori , Matsunaga Toru , Sofue Tadashi , Nakamura Akihiro , Hirakawa Eiichiro , Ibuki Emi , Haba Reiji , Kamoshida Shingo , Ohsaki Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundp53 immunostaining is routinely used as a surrogate marker for TP53 mutational status. In urine cytology, p53 immunocytochemistry is reportedly useful in detecting urothelial carcinoma cells as well as in improving the detection sensitivity and specificity. However, to the best of our knowledge, p53 expression in repair/reactive renal tubular cells (RRTCs) from urine cytologic specimens has not been assessed to date.MethodsWe evaluated the immunoexpression of p53 and homogentisate 1,2‐dioxygenase (HGD) antibody, a renal tubular cells marker, in RRTCs using voided urine and renal biopsy samples from 80 patients who were histologically diagnosed with glomerular disease.ResultsRepair/reactive renal tubular cells were detected in 68 (68/80, 85%) samples at a mean count of 141.1 cells per sample (range, 5–4220). Immunocytochemical analysis found p53‐positive RRTCs in all the samples (68/68, 100%) with an average p53 positivity rate of RRTCs per sample at 47.7% (range, 3.8%–96.5%). Of the 68 p53‐positive RRTC samples, 38 (55.9%) included cells that were HGD positive for cytoplasm. Similarly, renal biopsy analysis revealed p53‐positive RRTCs in all the specimens (68/68, 100%). All 68 (100%) cases showed RRTCs that were positive for both p53 and HGD.ConclusionTo avoid false positives of p53 immunocytochemistry, cytologists must consider the fact that RRTCs from patients with glomerular disease are positive for p53.
A modified delineation method of para‐aortic nodal clinical target volume in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer
Authors: Wang Dunhuang , Wang Weiping , Liu Xiaoliang , Ren Kang , Liang Yongguang , Zhu Qizhen , Zhang Fuquan , Hu Ke 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeTo validate the nodal center coverage (NCC) of the three mainstream delineation methods of para‐aortic nodal clinical target volume (CTV) and propose a modified delineation method of para‐aortic nodal CTV in prophylactic extended‐field irradiation (EFI) of cervical cancer.MethodsA total of 106 patients with para‐aortic lymph nodes (PALNs) identified on PET/CT were included at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between 2011 and 2020. PALNs were classified as left lateral para‐aortic (LLPA), aorto‐caval (AC), and right para‐caval (RPC). Distances from the nodal center to the aorta and inferior vena cava (IVC) were measured. The NCC of the three mainstream delineation methods of para‐aortic nodal CTV (CTV‐K, CTV‐S, and CTV‐D) and a modified CTV (CTV‐M) was calculated. Radiotherapy plans were created based on 4 CTVs for 10 selected patients who received prophylactic EFI. The chi‐squared test and the Student's t‐test were performed.ResultsWe identified 344 PALNs (216 LLPA, 101 AC, and 27 RPC) in 106 patients. Mean distance from the nodal center to the aorta was 9.6 mm in the LLPA and 7 mm in the AC and from the nodal center to the IVC was 5.6 mm in the AC and 5.6 mm in the RPC. CTV‐D improved the NCC of 98% compared with 92% for CTV‐K (p = 0.002) and 95% for CTV‐S (p = 0.046). CTV‐M provided the same satisfactory NCC as CTV‐D (97% vs. 98%, p = 0.485). The V50Gy to the duodenum, the Dmean to the bilateral kidneys, and the V45Gy to the small bowel were significantly lower on the CTV‐M‐based plan than on the CTV‐D‐based plan (p = 0.001, 0.011, and 0.001, respectively).ConclusionCTV‐D provided more satisfactory NCC than CTV‐K and CTV‐S. CTV‐M provided the same satisfactory NCC as CTV‐D and reduced the dose to the critical structures.
Effect of pre‐treatment on the functional properties of germinated whole grains: A review
Authors: Li Ren , Li Zhi‐Jiang , Wu Na‐Na , Tan Bin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackground and objectivesThe pre‐treatments for germination of whole grains, including soaking, stress, non‐thermal processing treatments, and other methods, have been gained great attention for improving biological activity and functional properties of whole grains. The objective of this review was to summarize the effects of pre‐treatments on the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), phenolics, dietary fiber, and mineral bioaccessibility in germinated whole grains for the development and utilization of them as functional food products or ingredients.FindingsThe GABA, phenolics, dietary fiber, and mineral bioaccessibility in germinated whole grains were increased by 10–55 mg /100 g, 0.1–1.5 mg/g, 0.39%‐4.92%, and 2%–12%, respectively, after pre‐treatment for germination compared with only soaking. The contents of GABA and total phenolic in germinated whole grains increased by 56.92% and 11.24%, respectively, by ultrasonic pre‐treatment. The contents of GABA and total phenolic in germinated whole grains increased by 38.89% and 70%, respectively, by high hydrostatic pressure pre‐treatment. After cold plasma pre‐treatment, the contents of GABA and total phenolic in germinated whole grains increased by 47.37% and 37%, respectively. Therefore, non‐thermal processing pre‐treatments have a significant promoting effect on GABA synthesis and phenolic accumulation for germinated whole grains, such as ultrasound, cold plasma, and high hydrostatic pressure.ConclusionsNon‐thermal processing pre‐treatment has been a promising strategy for developing healthy and nutritious whole‐grain foods. According to the existing research results, high hydrostatic pressure and low‐temperature plasma can promote GABA and phenolic in germinated whole grains, while ultrasound can not only increase the content of GABA and phenolic in germinated whole grains, but also increase the bioaccessibility of calcium and iron. Therefore, ultrasound can promote nutrients in germinated whole grains better than other non‐thermal processing methods. It is very important for choosing pre‐treatment methods for germination to obtain whole grains with increased functional properties.Significance and noveltyThis review may provide a compilation of information that pre‐treatments can improve the biological activity and development of functional foods from the sources of germinated whole grains.
Gastric lanthanosis (lanthanum deposition) in an immunosuppressed patient that discontinued lanthanum carbonate seven years ago
Authors: Ullmann Joana M. , Erbersdobler Andreas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA 72‐year‐old female patient used the oral phosphate binder lanthanum carbonate for 6 years, before discontinuing it after receiving a pancreas and kidney transplant. Now, 7 years after discontinuation, the patient developed bilious emesis. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed an unspecific gastritis. Biopsies showed subepithelial crystalline deposits consistent with gastric lanthanosis.
End‐stage renal disease in a child with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis associated with a homozygous NUP93 variant
Authors: Acharya Ratna , Upadhyay Kiran 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis report highlights that the genetic causes of FSGS, including NUP93 gene variant, such as the one described in this report, progress to end‐stage renal disease rapidly and that the risk of recurrence post‐renal transplantation is less likely.