bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green Infrastructure Entities- A Study of Indian and International Cities
Authors: Shah Vishwa Munir , Suhane Shweta , Gajjar Devanshi 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Cities are places for humans and countless other species. With increasing city limits, urbanization has meddled with the life of several organisms; creating an unhealthy balance. A green city is planned by scrutiny of the impact of development on the environment and mankind. This not only assures a better future but also connects people to nature. This paper highlights approaches towards the creation of liveable cities, segregated into three categories – Greens, Water, and Sustainability. Further divisions of these categories are done based on green infrastructure techniques prevalent across the globe today. The purpose is to refurbish the underdeveloped regions into smart cities through sustainable infrastructure; which will provide a good quality of life, better environmental impact, etc. The paper aims to analyze and compare case examples for each parameter through the medium of national (Indian) and international case studies. The comparison stresses the fact that India, as a developing nation, can implement these methods in its cities. The paper also deduces that there are cases where Indian cities can be an inspiration to the world. Degeneration of nature knows no political boundaries. Thus, every country has a legitimate stake in environmental practices and must pledge to create greener cities.
Evaluation of Candidate Reference Genes Stability for Gene Expression Analysis by Reverse Transcription QPCR in Clostridium Perfringens
Authors: Williams Michele , Ghanem Mostafa 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Identification of stable reference genes for normalization purposes is necessary for obtaining reliable and accurate results of reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analyses. To our knowledge, no reference gene(s) have been validated for this purpose in Clostridium perfringens. In this study, the expression profile of ten candidate reference genes from three strains of C. perfringens were assessed for stability under various experimental conditions using geNorm in qbase+. These stability rankings were then compared to stability assessments evaluated by BestKeeper, NormFinder, delta Ct, and RefFinder algorithms. When comparing all the analyses; gyrA, ftsZ, and recA were identified within the most stable genes under the different experimental conditions and were further tested as a set of reference genes for normalization of alpha toxin gene expression over a 22-hour period. Depending on the condition, rpoA and rho might also be suitable to include as part of the reference set. Although commonly used for the purpose of normalizing RT-qPCR data, the 16S rRNA gene (rrs) was found to be an unsuitable gene to be used as a reference. This work provides a framework for the selection of a suitable stable reference gene set for data normalization of C. perfringens gene expression.
Histometric and Histological Analysis of Bone to Screw Contact Between Metallic and Absorbable 2.0 Fixation System: A Pilot Study in Dogs
Authors: Sehn Felipe Perraro , Kato Rogério , de Oliveira Paulo , Trivellato Alexandre , Sverzut Cássio 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
ObjectiveTo evaluate the bone/screw interface of a titanium IF system and an absorbable IF system.Materials and methodsTwelve male adult dogs were subjected to osteotomy performed between the third and fourth mandibular premolars, been divided into two groups (control or experimental side). Two miniplates were applied to fix mandible fragments. Histometric values for bone-to-screw contact (BSC), bone-to-screw distance (BSD) and histological findings were evaluated at 2 and 18 weeks.ResultsDifference in BSC were detected from absorbable and metallic monocortical group on the experimental side at 2 weeks (p = 0.0041). Larger BSDs were detected at buccal bicortical absorbable experimental sides (p = 0.0041), with larger distances detected from the vestibular side to the lingual cortical side (p < 0.0001) and on the control side at 18 weeks (p = 0.0143), having metallic group significant BSD results on the experimental side at 2 weeks (p = 0.047). Connective tissue was noted on vestibular cortical side in monocortical and bicortical absorbable screw groups. ConclusionsAbsorbable bicortical screws with splint had histometric and histological behaviors similar to metallic bicortical group at lingual cortical side.Clinical Relevance﻿Inion absorbable bicortical screws did not promote connective tissue formation at lingual cortical side.
Enhanced Corticospinal Excitability in the Tibialis Anterior During Static Stretching of the Soleus in Young Healthy Individuals
Authors: Budini Francesco , Monica Christova 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Corticospinal excitability is known to be affected by afferent inflow arising from the proprioceptors during active or passive muscle movements. Also during static stretching (SS) afferent activity is enhanced, but its effect on corticospinal excitability received limited attention and has only been investigated as a single average value spread over the entire stretching period. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) the present study was conducted to explore the time course of corticospinal excitability during 30 seconds SS.Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) after TMS were recorded from soleus (SOL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in 14 participants during: a passive dynamic ankle dorsiflexion (DF), at six different time points during maximal individual SS (3, 6, 9, 18, 21 and 25 seconds into stretching), during a passive dynamic ankle plantar flexion (PF) and following SS.During passive DF, MEPs amplitude was greater than baseline in both TA and SOL (p=.001 and p=.005 respectively). During SS, MEPs amplitude was greater than baseline in TA (p=.006), but not in SOL. No differences between the investigated time points were found and no trend was detected throughout the stretching time. No effect in either muscle was observed during passive PF and after SS.These results could suggest that an increased activity of secondary afferents from SOL muscle spindles exert a corticomotor facilitation on TA. The muscle-unspecific response observed during passive DF could instead be attributed to an increased activation within the sensorimotor cortical areas as a result of the awareness of the foot passive displacements.
Importance of the Q/N-rich Segment for Protein Stability and Activity of Endogenous Mouse TDP-43
Authors: Sato Toshiya , Oda Kanako , Sakai Seiko , Kato Rika , Yamamori Saori , Itakura Makoto , Kodera Yoshio , Nishizawa Masatoyo , Sasaoka Toshikuni , Onodera Osamu , Yokoyama Minesuke 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43), a nuclear protein, plays an important role in the molecular pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). TDP-43 aggregation and translocation out of the nucleus are crucial factors in ALS. TDP-43 aggregation results from its resistance to degradation, to which the long-disordered C-terminal region (CTR) is thought to contribute. The CTR has two Gly, aromatic, and Ser-rich (GaroS) segments and an amyloidogenic core divided into a hydrophobic patch and a Gln/Asn (Q/N)-rich segment. Although TDP-43 lacking the CTR is known to be unstable, as observed in knock-in mice, it is unclear which of these segments contributes to the stability of TDP-43. Here, we generated 12 mouse lines lacking the various sub-regions of CTR by genome editing and compared the protein stability, activity, and subcellular localization of TDP-43. We demonstrated the functional diversity of the four segments of CTR, finding that the presence of Q/N-rich segment greatly restored the protein stability and activity of TDP-43. In addition, we found that the second GaroS deletion did not affect protein stability and mouse development.
Effects of a Furrow-Bed Seeding System on Stand Establishment, Soil Bacterial Diversity, and the Yield and Quality of Alfalfa Grown in Saline Soils
Authors: Sun Juanjuan , Zhao Jinmei , Yu Linqing , Z Tengwei , Wang Yuntao , Jin Ke 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Purpose: To compare the performance of alfalfa crops and soil properties between a furrow-bed seeding system (FU) and a flat-bed seeding system (FL) in saline soil. Methods: Alfalfa seeds were sown in early fall, 2019, in saline sandy loam soil using FU and FL systems. The soil temperature, moisture, root-zone salinity, bacterial diversity, seedling emergence number in 2019 and soil nutrient contents, alfalfa production characteristics in 2020 were determined for plants in FU and FL treatments.Results: Compared with FL, FU resulted in increased soil moisture content and seedling emergence, and reduced relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Choroflexi in soil at the seedling stage, but it did not affect root-zone salinity. In April 2020, the soil salinity was lower, and the soil available phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, and soil organic matter contents were higher, in FU than in FL. Compared with FL, FU resulted in increased yield (by 37.5%), protein content (by 3.6%), and potassium concentration (by 33.2%,), and decreased ash content (by 7.7%) and sodium concentration (by 19.0%) in alfalfa plants. The increased yield was positively correlated with seedling emergence, soil available potassium, total nitrogen, and organic matter contents, and shoot potassium content; and negatively correlated with shoot sodium content. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria was negatively correlated with alfalfa ash, calcium, and sodium concentrations, and positively correlated with shoot potassium content. Overall, FU increased alfalfa quality and alleviated salt stress.Conclusions: Furrow-bed seeding in early fall can enhance the yield and quality of alfalfa cultivated in saline soils.
Does the seed disperser matter? The influence of dispersal type on survival of Araucaria angustifolia seeds
Authors: Squinzani Larissa Inês , Piana Pitágoras Augusto , Brocardo Carlos Rodrigo 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Zoochoric dispersion is fundamental for the colonization of habitats by plants with large and heavy seeds such as the Paraná pine (Araucaria angustifolia). This is an endangered conifer from South America whose recruitment is heavily impacted by animals, but the way that different zoochoric dispersal modes and deposition sites can affect its successful establishment is not known yet. Thus, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of dispersal mode (accordingly to the seed disperser), distance from adult conspecifics, and disposition site on long-term recruitment success. The experimental design included two environments (forest and open field) and each of them received 30 micro-habitat sampling stations (simulating deposition sites: 10 under conspecific; 10 far from conspecifics, next to a landmark; and 10 far from conspecifics, without a landmark), and each microhabitat had three levels of dispersal type simulating animal treatment (intact buried seed; intact seed over the ground; partially preyed seed over the ground), each with five seeds, totaling 900 seeds. In the forest environment, an experiment was also conducted to verify the fate of seeds using the spool and line technique. The environment and the micro-habitat alone did not explain seed survival, although the dispersal type given by the animal disperser was significant for survival and the buried seeds were the only ones that survived until the last survey. With the spool and line seed experiment, we attested that most of the Paraná pine seeds were preyed after removal (81.5%), and only buried seeds survived, reinforcing the role of scatter-hoarding animals as important agents in the Paraná pine dispersal. This way, our results showed that Paraná pine seeds suffer a very high predation rate, and that only a few seeds escape from predators and recruiting (only 1.1% of the all seeds used in the two experiments), indicating that the survival of seeds is a critical step in the life cycle of this plant, highlighting the role of dispersal mode in recruiting success.
Thermal Insulation Materials in Architecture: A Comparative Test Study with Aerogel and Rock Wool
Authors: DANACI Hacer MUTLU , AKIN Neslihan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Thermal insulation has great potential to reduce energy consumption in buildings. This study aims to provide a general perspective by addressing the thermal insulation materials used throughout the history of the construction industry and to understand the current situation with developing technology.
The literature review was used as a method in the study. The insulation values of current thermal insulation products were investigated and compared. An energy loss and gain analysis were carried out on the Revit model to understand the difference between the widely used rock wool and a nanotechnology product, aerogel-added thermal insulation material. The results of the study show that thermal insulation materials produced with nanotechnology examined have lower thermal conductivity coefficients compared to other thermal insulation materials. According to the analysis carried out on the Revit model, the thermal insulation material with aerogel provides 8% savings in cooling loads compared to the use of rock wool.
Developing competitive and sustainable materials is of the utmost importance. The literature review suggests that new composite insulators can be produced by combining suitable materials.
Mining the Conserved Transcriptional Response to Phytophthora Infection for Factors Beyond the Known PR Genes
Authors: Simo Claude , Hofmann Kay 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Oomycetes of the genus Phytophthora are devastating plant pathogens that affect many commercially important plants. Considerable efforts have been made to investigate the transcriptional response of individual plant species to phytophthora infection, often showing a concerted upregulation of pathogen-response (PR) gene families, which are also induced upon infection by fungi and other biotic and even non-biotic stressors. By integrating four transcriptomics datasets derived from three different plants (arabidopsis, soybean, cocoa), a core set of upregulated sequence clusters was derived, which represents a conserved multi-species response to phytophthora infections. We annotated more than 300 common induced gene clusters and subjected them to bioinformatical analysis. Besides the expected PR genes, several novel gene families without known links to biotic stress were found to be strongly induced in all tested datasets. Among the most prominent response genes are two families of putatively secreted peptides and a family of predicted mitochondrial complex-IV associated proteins. Interestingly, the latter sequences are related to the mammalian NDUFA4 family, which also contains members with constitutive and pathogen-induced expression. This recurrent functional diversification points toward an important role of complex IV regulation within the biotic defense response in multiple kingdoms.
Inhibition of AMPK/PFKFB3 Mediated Glycolysis Synergizes with Penfluridol to Suppress Gallbladder Cancer Growth
Authors: Hu Jiahao , Cao Jiasheng , Zhang Bin , Topatana Win , Juengpanich Sarun , Li Shijie , Chen Tian'en , Lu Ziyi , Cai Xiujun , Chen Mingyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background

Penfluridol (PF) is an FDA approved antipsychotic drug, which shows anticancer activity recently. However, the anticancer effects and underlying mechanisms of PF on gallbladder cancers (GBCs) is not well-established.
Methods

Herein, cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and cell metastasis assays were used to investigate the anticancer activity of PF on GBCs. Glucose consumption and lactic production assays were used to detect the glycolysis alteration. Western blotting was used to detect the corresponding signaling change after PF treatment. Nude mice were utilized to study the anticancer activity of PF in vivo.
Results

Here, we first observed that PF significantly suppress GBC cells proliferation and metastasis. After PF treatment, the glucose consumption and lactic production of GBCs were significantly increased. In addition, we found that inhibition of glycolysis enhanced the anticancer activity of PF. Further studies demonstrated that glycolysis was medicated by the activation of AMPK/PFKFB3 signaling pathway. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that AMPK/PFKFB3 signaling pathway mediated glycolysis was a resistant mechanism of PF in GBCs.
Conclusions

Inhibition of AMPK enhanced the anticancer effects of PF on GBCs. therefore, our studies provided a novel insight into repurposing PF as anticancer agent for GBCs, and AMPK inhibition in combination with PF could be a potential therapeutic approach for GBCs.
Cellular Genome-scale Metabolic Modeling Identifies New Potential Drug Targets Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Jamialahmadi Oveis , Salehabadi Ehsan , Hashemi-Najafabadi Sameereh , Motamedian Ehsan , Bagheri Fatemeh , Mancina Rosellina Margherita , Romeo Stefano 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the third leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Often this hepatic cancer is associated with fatty liver disease and insulin resistance with genetic predisposition are its major driver. Genome-scale metabolic modeling (GEM) is a promising approach to understand cancer metabolism and to identify new drug targets. Here, we used TRFBA-CORE, an algorithm generating a model using key growth-correlated reactions. Specifically, we generated a HepG2 cell-specific GEM by integrating this cell line transcriptomic data with a generic human metabolic model to predict potential drug targets for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 108 essential genes for growth were predicted by TRFBA-CORE. These genes were enriched for metabolic pathways involved in cholesterol, sterols and steroids biosynthesis. Furthermore, we silenced a predicted essential gene, 11-beta dehydrogenase hydroxysteroid type 2 (HSD11B2), in HepG2 cells resulting in a reduction in cell viability. To further identify novel potential drug targets in HCC, we examined the effect of 9 drugs targeting the essential genes, and observed that most drugs inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells. Interestingly, some of these drugs in this model performed better than Sorafenib, the first line therapeutic against HCC.
Microbial Differences Between Progressive and Stable Peri-Implantitis
Authors: Hashimoto Yuhei , Okada Shinsuke , Yasuda Keisuke , Kawagoe Maiko , Kajiya Mikihito , Tsuga Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Peri-implantitis has a polymicrobial etiology and is a major cause of dental implant loss. Various clinical protocols for its prevention and treatment have been proposed; however, some cases show a rapid progression with non-resolving clinical symptoms. To clear a means of differentiating between such cases, the implants with peri-implantitis in this study were categorized as the progressive group and the stable group and that two kinds of samples were obtained from the same subjects (n= 20). The microbiome was analyzed through pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The stable group was found to have a diverse bacterial flora when compared to the progressive group. Porphyomonas, Fusobacterium, Treponema, Tannerella, and other periodontal pathogens were abundant in the progressive group, while Lactobacillales and Bifidobacterium were abundant in the stable group. These findings suggest that the bacterial flora dominated by these periodontal pathogens caused disease progression, while the bacterial flora dominated by Lactobacillales and Bifidobacterium stabilized the disease. Thus, the disease progression and stability of peri-implantitis may be influenced by the bacterial flora of the peri-implant pocket.
Comprehensive Analysis of Prognostic Value and Immune Infiltration of ATⅡ-associated Genes in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Wen Xiaoxia , Xiao Yao , Leng Ping , Luo Huaichao 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. ATⅡ（alveolar type II cells, ATⅡ ）are a key structure of the distal lung epithelium and have a secretory function that is essential to maintain normal lung homeostasis. ATⅡ cells dedifferentiate into a cell stem-like state, which can continuous differentiation, proliferation, repair and damage, and helps initiate and maintain tumor progression. However, the potential mechanistic value of ATⅡ-associated genes as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target of NSCLC has not been fully elucidated.Methods: We used the Gene Expression Profile Interaction Analysis (GEPIA) and Oncomine database to explore the expression of ATⅡ-associated genes (AQP4, SFTPB, SFTPC, SFTPD, CLDN18, FOXA2, NKX2-1 and PGC) in NSCLCpatients. Then we euse the Kaplan Meierplotter and the GEPIA website to evaluate the prognosis of survival impact of differential expression of these genes. Finally, we analyzed the correlation between eight ATⅡ-associated genes and infiltration of immune cells using the TIMER website.Results: The expression levels of AQP4, SFTPB, SFTPC, SFTPD, CLDN18, FOXA2, NKX2-1 and PGC were remarkably reduced in lung cancer tissues, and also observably related to clinical cancer stages. Low mRNA expression of AQP4, SFTPB, SFTPC, SFTPD, CLDN18, FOXA2, NKX2-1 and PGC were associated with short overall survival (OS) in NSCLS patients and the low expression of CLDN18, FOXA2, NKX2-1, PGC, SFTPB, SFTPC, SFTPD were significantly related to a reduced progression-free survival (FP), and low CLDN18, FOXA2 and SFTPD mRNA expression led to a short post-progression survival (PPS). Moreover, the functions of the differentially expressed eight ATⅡ-associated genes were primarily related to lung development, regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, late endosome, antibacterial humoral response. Finally, the expression of AQP4, SFTPB, SFTPC, SFTPD, CLDN18, FOXA2, NKX2-1 and PGC in LUAD and LUSC patients were significantly correlated with the infiltration of diverse immune cells, including six types of CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, B cells, CD8+ T cells, and dendritic cells.Conclusion: Our study provided strong evidence of the values of ATⅡ-associated genes (AQP4, SFTPB, SFTPC, SFTPD, CLDN18, FOXA2, NKX2-1 and PGC) as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets in NSCLC and might provide some new inspirations to assist in the design of new immunotherapies.
One-Channel Simple Frontal Electroencephalography Detection of Tinnitus and Related Distress
Authors: Kanzaki Sho , MITSUKURA Yasue , MIMURA Masaru 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: No simple objective test is available so far for diagnosing tinnitus. Thus, diagnosis is typically based on the patients’ medical history. Herein, we propose the usefulness of a simple one-channel electroencephalography (EEG) with a newly developed analysis technique to objectively detect tinnitus.Methods: We developed a portable EEG device to measure frontal Fp1 activities. The recorded data of 31 patients with chronic tinnitus and 29 healthy controls were analyzed with a support vector machine.Results: We identified tinnitus by analyzing the frequency obtained by frontal Fp EEG. We discovered that 9- and 13-Hz changes were critical for identifying tinnitus.Conclusions: One-channel Fp1 measurement reliably detected tinnitus (sensitivity, 72%; specificity, 96%). EEG measurement may also be related with tinnitus-related distress in patients. Further EEG studies are warranted to determine more accurately the pathophysiology of tinnitus.