bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Activities of Extracts from Ageratum fastigiatum: Phytochemical Study and In Silico Target Fishing Approach
Authors: Sudan Carolina Reis Cerqueira , Pereira Lucas Campos , Silva Andréia Fonseca , Moreira Carolina Paula de Souza , de Oliveira Denise Scoaris , Faria Gilson , dos Santos Janete Soares Coelho , Leclercq Sophie Yvette , Caldas Sergio , Silva Cláudia Gontijo , Lopes Júlio César Dias , de Almeida Vera Lúcia 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the present study, the ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Ageratum fastigiatum was evaluated in vitro against epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (Y strain), promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis (PH8 strain), and L. chagasi (BH400 strain). The extract was also evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25 923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11 775), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10 145), and Candida albicans (ATCC 36 802). The phytochemical screening was performed by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The extract was fractionated using flash preparative chromatography. The ethanolic extract showed activity against T. cruzi, L. chagasi, and L. amazonensis and antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. The phytochemical screening revealed coumarins, terpenes/sterols, and flavonoids in the
ethanolic extract. In addition, the coumarin identified as ayapin was isolated from this extract. We also performed in silico prediction of potential biological activities and targets for compounds previously found in A. fastigiatum. Several predictions were confirmed both retrospectively and prospectively by experimental results described here or elsewhere. Some activities described in the in silico target fishing approach were validated by the ethnopharmacological use and known biological properties. Some new activities and/or targets were predicted and could guide future studies. These results suggest that A. fastigiatum can be an interesting source of substances with antiparasitic and antimicrobial activities.
Baseline Working Memory Predicted Response to Low-Dose Ketamine
Infusion in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Chen Mu-Hong , Lin Wei-Chen , Li Cheng-Ta , Tsai Shih-Jen , Wu Hui-Ju , Bai Ya-Mei , Hong Chen-Jee , Tu Pei-Chi , Su Tung-Ping 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Introduction Pretreatment neurocognitive function may predict the
treatment response to low-dose ketamine infusion in patients with
treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, the association between working
memory function at baseline and the antidepressant efficacy of ketamine infusion
remains unclear.
Methods A total of 71 patients with TRD were randomized to one of three
treatment groups: 0.5 mg/kg ketamine, 0.2 mg/kg
ketamine, or normal saline. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 17-item
Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) at baseline and after treatment.
Cognitive function was evaluated using working memory and go-no-go tasks at
baseline.
Results A generalized linear model with adjustments for demographic
characteristics, treatment groups, and total HDRS scores at baseline revealed
only a significant effect of working memory function (correct responses and
omissions) on the changes in depressive symptoms measured by HDRS at baseline
(F=12.862, p<0.05). Correlation analysis further showed a
negative relationship (r=0.519, p=0.027) between pretreatment
working memory function and changes in HDRS scores in the
0.5 mg/kg ketamine group.
Discussion An inverse relationship between pretreatment working memory
function and treatment response to ketamine infusion may confirm that low-dose
ketamine infusion is beneficial and should be reserved for patients with
TRD.
Extended-Duration Low-Intensity Apixaban to Prevent Recurrence in Patients with Provoked Venous Thromboembolism and Enduring Risk Factors: Rationale and Design of the HI-PRO Trial
Authors: Bikdeli Behnood , Hogan Heather , Morrison Ruth B. , Fanikos John , Campia Umberto , Barns Briana M. , Pfeferman Mariana B. , Snyder Julia E. , Khairani Candrika D. , Goldhaber Samuel Z. , Piazza Gregory 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPatients with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the setting of transient provoking factors are typically treated with short-term anticoagulation. However, the risk of recurrence may be increased in the presence of enduring risk factors. In such patients, the optimal duration of treatment remains uncertain. HI-PRO is a single-center, double-blind randomized trial. Patients with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) following a major provoking factor, including major surgery or major trauma, who completed at least 3 months of standard-dose therapeutic anticoagulation and have at least one enduring risk factor (such as obesity or heart failure) will be considered for inclusion. Patients will be randomized to apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily or placebo for 12 months. The primary efficacy outcome will be symptomatic recurrent VTE—a composite of DVT and/or PE at 12 months after randomization. Secondary efficacy outcomes include a composite of death due to cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke or systemic embolism, major adverse limb events, or coronary or peripheral ischemia requiring revascularization at 12 months, and individual components of these outcomes. The primary safety outcome is major bleeding according to the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis definition. The study plans to enroll 600 patients (300 per arm) to have 80% power for detecting a 75% relative risk reduction in the primary outcome. Active recruitment began in March 2021. HI-PRO will provide clinically meaningful data on whether patients with provoked VTE and enduring risk factors have fewer adverse clinical outcomes if prescribed low-intensity extended-duration anticoagulation.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Associated with Prolonged Opiate Use, Increased Short-Term Complications, and the Need for Revision Surgery following Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Lemme Nicholas J. , Glasser Jillian Lynn , Yang Daniel S. , Testa Edward J. , Daniels Alan H. , Antoci Valentin 
Published: September 2021

AbstractChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a condition which causes a substantial burden to patients, physicians, and the health care system at large. Medical comorbidities are commonly associated with adverse health outcomes in the postoperative period. Here, we present a large database review of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to determine the effect of COPD on patient outcomes. The PearlDiver database was queried for all patients who underwent TKA between 2007 and the first quarter of 2017. Medical complications, surgical complications, 30-day readmission rates, revision rates, and opioid utilization were assessed at various intervals following TKA among patients with and without COPD. Multivariable regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios controlling for age, sex, and medical comorbidities. A total of 46,769 TKA patients with COPD and 120,177 TKA patients without COPD were studied. TKA patients with COPD experienced increased risk of 30-day readmission (40.8% vs. 32.2%, p < 0.0001), 30-day total medical complications (10.2% vs. 7.0%, p < 0.0001), prosthesis explanation at 6 months (0.4% vs. 0.2, p = 0.0130), 1 year (0.6% vs. 0.3%, p = 0.0005), and 2 years (0.8% vs. 0.5%, p = 0.0003), as well as an increased rate of revision (p < 0.0046) compared to TKA patients without COPD. Opioid utilization of TKA patients with COPD was greater significantly than that of TKA patients without COPD at 3, 6, and 12 months. Patients with COPD have an increased risk for medical and surgical complications, readmission, and prolonged opioid use following TKA.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Plastic Surgery Training in the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia—A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Budden Curtis R , Rannard Francesca , Mennie Joanna , Bulstrode Neil 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background Surgical trainees worldwide have been thrust into a period of uncertainty, with respect to the implications COVID-19 pandemic will have on their roles, training, and future career prospects. It is currently unclear how plastic surgery trainees are being affected by COVID-19. This study examined the experience of plastic surgery trainees in Canada, the UK, and Australia to determine trainee roles during the early COVID-19 emergency response and how training changed during this time.
Methods A cross-sectional survey-based study was designed for plastic surgery trainees in the UK, Canada and Australia. In total, 110 trainees responded to the survey. Statistical tests were conducted to determine differences in responses, based on year of training and country of residence.
Results In total, 9.7% (10/103) of respondents reported being deployed to cover another service. There was a significant difference between redeployment based on country (p = 0.001). Within the UK group, 28.9% of respondents were redeployed. For trainees not deployed, 95.5% (85/89) reported that there has been a reduction in operative volume. Ninety-seven (94.1%) respondents reported that there were ongoing teaching activities offered by their program. The majority of trainees (66.4%) were concerned about their training. There was a significant difference between overall concern and country (p < 0.05).
Conclusion In these unprecedented times, training programs in plastic surgery should be aware of the major impact that COVID-19 has had on trainees and will have on their training. The majority of plastic surgery trainees have experienced a reduction in surgical exposure but have maintained some form of regular teaching.
Wide-Awake Approach for Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Tendon Transfer Followed by Early Active Mobilization
Authors: Kuroda Takuma , Moriya Koji , Tsubokawa Naoto , Narisawa Hiroko , Maki Yutaka , Inagaki Katsunori , Yoshizu Takae 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Background The standard clinical practice to treat closed ruptures of the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons includes free tendon grafting; however, it is not suitable when the muscle amplitude of the ruptured FDP is not sufficient. We report outcomes of six patients who underwent flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon transfer of the ring finger using the wide-awake approach to repair the closed rupture of the FDP tendon of the little finger in zone 3 or 4.
Methods The patients were identified by reviewing our institutional billing records from January 2012 to October 2019 for the International Classification of Disease 10 code M66.3 that describes the diagnosis as “spontaneous rupture of flexor tendons.”
Results The patients comprised two men and four women with an average age of 72.2 years (standard deviation [SD], 8.4 years). All patients were hospitalized after surgery to undergo early active mobilization. The average total active motion at the final evaluation was 201.8° (range: 85–248°). According to Strickland’s criteria, outcomes were excellent for two, good for three, and poor for one patient. No patients complained about the ring finger.
Conclusion These results suggest that FDS tendon transfer is recommended when the muscle amplitude of the ruptured FDP is insufficient. We believe that the wide-awake approach and early active mobilization may contribute to satisfactory outcomes.
Orthognathic Surgery—LeFort I Osteotomy
Authors: Weiss Robert O. , Ong Adrian A. , Reddy Likith V. , Bahmanyar Sara , Vincent Aurora G. , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: September 2021

AbstractOrthognathic surgery is a complex type of facial surgery that can have a profound impact on a patient's occlusal function and facial aesthetics. Close collaboration between the maxillofacial surgeon and an orthodontist is required, and the surgical team must have a strong foundation in facial analysis and firm understanding of the maxillofacial skeleton to achieve surgical success. Herein, we review the maxillary LeFort I osteotomy as it pertains to orthognathic surgery, with particular attention to the indications, contraindications, preoperative assessment, surgical technique, and possible complications encountered.
The Use of Navigation or Robotic-Assisted Technology in Total Knee Arthroplasty Does Not Reduce Postoperative Pain
Authors: Zak Stephen Gerard , Yeroushalmi David , Tang Alex , Meftah Morteza , Schnaser Erik , Schwarzkopf Ran 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe use of intraoperative technology (IT), such as computer-assisted navigation (CAN) and robot-assisted surgery (RA), in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is increasingly popular due to its ability to enhance surgical precision and reduce radiographic outliers. There is disputing evidence as to whether IT leads to better clinical outcomes and reduced postoperative pain. The purpose of this study was to determine if use of CAN or RA in TKA improves pain outcomes. This is a retrospective review of a multicenter randomized control trial of 327 primary TKAs. Demographics, surgical time, IT use (CAN/RA), length of stay (LOS), and opioid consumption (in morphine milligram equivalents) were collected. Analysis was done by comparing IT (n = 110) to a conventional TKA cohort (n = 217). When accounting for demographic differences and the use of a tourniquet, the IT cohort had shorter surgical time (88.77 ± 18.57 vs. 98.12 ± 22.53 minutes; p = 0.005). While postoperative day 1 pain scores were similar (p = 0.316), the IT cohort has less opioid consumption at 2 weeks (p = 0.006) and 1 month (p = 0.005) postoperatively, but not at 3 months (p = 0.058). When comparing different types of IT, CAN, and RA, we found that they had similar surgical times (p = 0.610) and pain scores (p = 0.813). Both cohorts had similar opioid consumption at 2 weeks (p = 0.092), 1 month (p = 0.058), and 3 months (p = 0.064) postoperatively. The use of IT in TKA does not yield a clinically significant reduction in pain outcomes. There was also no difference in pain or perioperative outcomes between CAN and RA technology used in TKA.
A FPGA-based adaptive differential current source for electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Liu J. Z. , Li X. B. , Xiong H. 
Published: September 2021

A high output impedance current source with a wide bandwidth is needed in electrical impedance tomography systems. Limitations appear mainly at higher frequencies and non-simple loads. In order to adjust the output current, the amplitude and phase are made to achieve the expected value automatically. A current source based on the field programmable gate array is designed. In this paper, we proposed a double DAC differential current source structure. By measuring the voltage of the sampling resistor in series with the load and using the proposed dynamic reference point demodulation algorithm, the actual current amplitude and phase on the load can be quickly obtained. Through the adaptive compensation module, the output current is adjusted to the expected value. The experimental results show that the output resistance of the current source can reach 10 MΩ and the output capacitance can be less than 0.8 pF in the frequency range of 10 kHz–1.28 MHz. At the same time, the current amplitude attenuation is less than 0.016%, and the phase error is less than 0.0025° after compensation. Therefore, the proposed current source achieves widebands, biocompatibility, and high precision.
Theoretical analysis of a 0.22 THz multistage confocal waveguide gyro-TWT with circle-sector-shaped electron beam
Authors: Yang Jie , Xu Shouxi , Wang Yong , Wang Xiaoyan 
Published: September 2021

In order to improve the beam–wave interaction efficiency, a special circle-sector-shaped electron beam is designed and simulated in the confocal waveguide gyrotron traveling-wave tube (gyro-TWT). The linear and nonlinear characteristics of a 0.22 THz multistage confocal waveguide gyro-TWT are analyzed. Based on kinetic theory, the linear gain, critical current of absolute instability, and starting current of backward wave oscillation (BWO) are analyzed. A quasi-optical sever is utilized in the confocal waveguide to suppress the BWO while having a slight impact on the output power. Meanwhile, the impact of velocity spread on the output parameters is also taken into consideration. The nonlinear analyses indicate that the efficiency can be up to 34%, which is substantially higher than the traditional annular electron beam.
TBK1 and IKKε act like an OFF switch to limit NLRP3 inflammasome pathway activation
Authors: Fischer Fabian A. , Mies Linda F. M. , Nizami Sohaib , Pantazi Eirini , Danielli Sara , Demarco Benjamin , Ohlmeyer Michael , Lee Michelle Sue Jann , Coban Cevayir , Kagan Jonathan C. , Di Daniel Elena , Bezbradica Jelena S. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
The NLRP3 inflammasome is an innate sensor activated by signals released from pathogens or injured tissues. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can be beneficial during infection and vaccination. Nonetheless, when NLRP3 activity is uncontrolled and chronic it becomes detrimental and contributes to inflammation-driven pathology in several diseases. Licensing mechanisms must exist that prevent unwanted NLRP3 inflammasome responses. Here, we characterize one such mechanism. We describe that TBK1 and IKKε, two closely related kinases activated upon TLR signaling, act as a novel OFF switch for the NLRP3 pathway. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we show that TBK1 and IKKε together limit the responses downstream of the NLRP3 inflammasome activation and work against the PP2A phosphatase ON switch to balance NLRP3 activity.
Neuromorphic learning with Mott insulator NiO
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Mondal Sandip , Mandal Subhasish , Allred Jason M. , Aghamiri Neda Alsadat , Fali Alireza , Zhang Zhan , Zhou Hua , Cao Hui , Rodolakis Fanny , McChesney Jessica L. , Wang Qi , Sun Yifei , Abate Yohannes , Roy Kaushik , Rabe Karin M. , Ramanathan Shriram 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Neuromorphic computing requires emulation of animal learning in synthetic matter. Materials with highly tunable electronic structures and a dynamical response to environmental stimuli are particularly suited for this task. Here, we demonstrate universal learning characteristics such as habituation and sensitization in a prototypical quantum material, NiO. With stimuli such as oxygen, ozone, and light, the concentration of atomic defects can be modulated reversibly, resulting in changes to electrical conductivity that mimic nonassociative learning. The material behavior inspires new algorithms for unsupervised learning in neural networks and opens up new directions for use of Mott insulators in artificial intelligence.
Facilitation of neural responses to targets moving against optic flow
Authors: Nicholas Sarah , Nordström Karin 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Target detection in visual clutter is a difficult computational task that insects, with their poor spatial resolution compound eyes and small brains, do successfully and with extremely short behavioral delays. We here show that the responses of target selective descending neurons are attenuated by background motion in the same direction as target motion but facilitated by background motion in the opposite direction. This finding is important for understanding how target pursuit can occur in tandem with gaze stabilization. Indeed, the neural facilitation would come into effect if the hoverfly is subjected to background motion in one direction but the target it is pursuing moves in the opposite direction and could therefore be used to override gaze stabilizing corrective turns.
North Atlantic jet stream projections in the context of the past 1,250 years
Authors: Osman Matthew B. , Coats Sloan , Das Sarah B. , McConnell Joseph R. , Chellman Nathan 
Published: September 2021

Significance
The North Atlantic jet stream impacts North American and European societies and is expected to be influenced by ongoing 21st-century warming. To better contextualize recently observed and model-projected jet stream changes, long-term records are required. We use insights from a state-of-the-art water isotope–enabled climate model and a compilation of ice-core records from Greenland to reconstruct mean annual North Atlantic jet stream changes back to the 8th century CE. Our reconstruction suggests that observed jet stream variations are consistent with natural variations, despite dramatic warming across recent decades. Under unabated future warming, however, a progressive migration of the jet stream northward is projected to render it distinct from natural variability by 2060 CE.
Click-to-lead design of a picomolar ABA receptor antagonist with potent activity in vivo
Authors: Vaidya Aditya S. , Peterson Francis C. , Eckhardt James , Xing Zenan , Park Sang-Youl , Dejonghe Wim , Takeuchi Jun , Pri-Tal Oded , Faria Julianna , Elzinga Dezi , Volkman Brian F. , Todoroki Yasushi , Mosquna Assaf , Okamoto Masanori , Cutler Sean R. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a phytohormone that plants utilize to coordinate responses to abiotic stress, modulate seed dormancy, and is central to plant development in several contexts. Chemicals that activate or block ABA signaling are useful as research tools and as potential agrochemical leads. Many successes have been reported for ABA activators (agonists), but existing ABA blockers (antagonists) are limited by modest in vivo activity. Here we report antabactin (ANT), a potent ABA blocker developed using “click chemistry”–based diversification of a known ABA activator. Structural studies reveal, ANT disrupts signaling by stabilizing ABA receptors in an unproductive form. ANT can accelerate seed germination in multiple species, making it a chemical tool for improving germination.
Evidence for biosurfactant-induced flow in corners and bacterial spreading in unsaturated porous media
Authors: Yang Judy Q. , Sanfilippo Joseph E. , Abbasi Niki , Gitai Zemer , Bassler Bonnie L. , Stone Howard A. 
Published: September 2021

Significance
Here, we demonstrate a previously unreported mechanism of bacterial spreading in unsaturated porous media, which can inform understanding of soil contamination by pathogens, soft rot in plants, and potentially many pulmonary diseases. We discover that surfactant-producing bacteria establish self-generated flows along corners by producing surfactants that change the wettability of the solid surface. We validate this corner flow mechanism in a model of soil consisting of packed grains. These results provide a mechanistic explanation for observations that the spread of bacteria increases with increasing surfactants in soil and plants. The biosurfactant-driven corner flow has an average velocity of millimeters per hour, which is significant in terms of the spread of bacteria (e.g., pathogens) in soil and other unsaturated porous media.
A local history of Tok Pisin
Authors: Sankoff Gillian 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Research on language contact in Papua New Guinea beginning in the mid 1960s, prior to national independence, revealed linguistic micro-evolution as constrained by society, culture, and people’s relationships “on the ground”. Among speakers of Buang, most men and women under 40 were already fluent in Tok Pisin. Many also spoke another Austronesian language learned at missionary schools: Yabem. Exploring the micro-evolution of Buang speech varieties along the river valley, this chapter situates ‘place’ as fundamental in the differentiation of Buang speech varieties. It further attempts to show how the inter-influence of speech varieties in complex repertoires can be culturally framed as natural and unproblematic.