bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canis lupus familiaris. Symbolika psa w historii, sztuce i literaturze – zarys problematyki
Authors: Filipek Sławomir 
Published: June 2021

Pies towarzyszy człowiekowi od zarania dziejów. Brał udział w polowaniach, służył jak stróż mienia, pupil do zabaw, dlatego kojarzono go z cechami pozytywnymi, takimi jak wierność, oddanie, czujność, przywiązanie. Przez wieki zyskał szereg odniesień w kulturze i sztuce, mających charakter tak pozytywny, jak i negatywny. Warto zaznaczyć, że jest on, obok kota, tym zwierzęciem, które jest obecne we wszystkich kulturach i wierzeniach od zarania dziejów po dzień dzisiejszy. Już w starożytności zyskał szczególne miejsce na dworze faraonów, a także w panteonie bogów w Egipcie czy pośród bogów greckich, jako ich towarzysz. Był obecny w życiu bogatych i biednych, wykorzystywany do różnorakich celów. Nie dziwi także bogata symbolika biblijna, która, co ciekawe, w Starym Testamencie ma znaczenie negatywne, zastąpione później wykładnią pozytywną w Nowym Testamencie, u Ojców Kościoła i w hagiografii. Pies był zatem nie tylko symbolem wierności, oddania, ofiarności i odwagi, ale też symbolem rozwiązłości, chciwości, zachłanności, wrogości, co ukazano w niniejszym wywodzie, odwołując się do różnych motywów biblijnych i artystycznych. Wierzenia ludowe podkreślają znaczenie psa w gusłach, magii, a nawet leczeniu, prezentując go jako zwierzę niezwykłe. Pojawia się on również w takich sferach, jak heraldyka, numizmatyka, sfragistyka, a także znaczki pocztowe i medale. Dzisiejsza kultura masowa wytworzyła szereg nowych odniesień do psa w filmie, literaturze, komiksie, animacji, łącząc w sobie bogactwo symboliki wypracowane przez wieki, zwłaszcza ikony wierności i oddania.
Rates of Osteoporosis Management and Secondary Preventative Treatment After Primary Fragility Fractures
Authors: Ross Bailey J. , Lee Olivia C. , Harris Mitchel B. , Dowd Thomas C. , Savoie Felix H. , Sherman William F. 
Published: June 2021

Background:
Fragility fractures are often sentinel events in documenting new cases of osteoporosis. Numerous analyses have demonstrated low rates of adequate osteoporosis evaluation and treatment following primary fragility fractures. The purpose of this study was to quantify the incidence of primary fragility fractures in America and the rates of osteoporosis screening and management before and after fracture.

Methods:
A retrospective review of the PearlDiver database was conducted using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) and ICD, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) and Current Procedural Terminology codes. Patients who were 60 to 80 years of age and had primary fragility fractures of the hip, wrist, spine, pelvis, humerus, and other unspecified locations were included. The rates of dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) screening and osteoporosis pharmacotherapy were assessed for 2 years before and 2 years after the primary fracture.

Results:
In this study, 48,668 patients with a primary fragility fracture were identified. Within this cohort, 25.8% (12,573 of 48,668) had received osteoporosis screening or treatment in the prior 2 years. In the 36,095 patients with no management before the fracture, 19% (6,799 patients) were diagnosed with osteoporosis and 18.4% (6,653 patients) received a DXA scan and/or filed claims for pharmacotherapy in the following 2 years. Patients with an osteoporosis diagnosis were more likely to receive both types of management (odds ratio [OR], 11.55 [95% confidence (CI), 10.31 to 12.95]), and male patients were less likely to receive both types of management (OR, 0.23 [95% CI, 0.17 to 0.27]). Secondary fragility fractures within the next 2 years were diagnosed in 8.4% (3,038 of 36,095) of patients at a mean of 221 days following the primary fracture.

Conclusions:
The rates of appropriate osteoporosis evaluation, diagnosis, and management following primary fragility fractures remain unacceptably low. Less than one-third of patients with primary fragility fractures had been evaluated or treated for osteoporosis in the 2 years prior to fracture. Furthermore, among patients without pre-fracture management, <20% received osteoporosis screening or treatment within the next 2 years.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Workers’ Societal Costs After Knee and Shoulder Injuries and Diagnosis with In-Office Arthroscopy or Delayed MRI
Authors: Liu Joseph , Farr Jack , Ramos Omar , Voigt Jeff , Amin Nirav 
Published: June 2021

Background:
The goal of this study was to evaluate the societal costs of using in-office diagnostic arthroscopy (IDA) compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of intra-articular knee and shoulder pathology in employed patients receiving Workers’ Compensation or disability coverage. The prevalence is estimated at 260,000 total cases per year.

Methods:
A cost-minimization analysis of IDA compared with MRI was conducted. Direct costs (in 2018 U.S. dollars) were calculated from private reimbursement amounts and Medicare. Indirect costs were estimated from a societal perspective including effects of delayed surgical procedures on the ability to work, lost income, Workers’ Compensation or disability coverage, and absenteeism. Four regions were selected: Boston, Massachusetts; Detroit, Michigan; Denver, Colorado; and San Bernadino, California. Sensitivity analyses were performed using TreeAge Pro 2019 software. The base assumption was that it would take approximately 4 weeks for a diagnosis with MRI and 0 weeks for a diagnosis with IDA.

Results:
Direct costs to determine a knee diagnosis with IDA were $556 less expensive (California) to $470 more expensive (Massachusetts) than MRI. Assuming a 4-week wait, societal costs (indirect and direct) for knee diagnosis were anywhere from $7,852 (Denver) to $11,227 (Boston) less using IDA. Direct costs were similar for shoulder pathology. In order for MRI to be the less costly option, the MRI and the follow-up visit to the physician would need to occur directly after consultation. Under Medicare, direct costs were similar for both the knee and shoulder when comparing IDA and MRI. Including indirect costs resulted in IDA being the less costly option.

Conclusions:
The use of IDA instead of MRI for the diagnosis of knee and shoulder pathology reduced costs. The potential savings to society were approximately $7,852 to $11,227 per operative patient and were dependent on scheduling and follow-up using MRI and on Workers’ Compensation.

Level of Evidence:
Economic and Decision Analysis Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Predictors of Success in an Orthopaedic Residency
Authors: Horan Dylan P. , Baldwin Keith , Purtill James J. , Namdari Surena 
Published: June 2021

» Orthopaedic surgery is one of the most competitive residencies to match into. Meanwhile, the average applicant’s United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) test scores, research involvement, and number of clinical honors increase every year.» Measures such as USMLE scores, productivity in research, Alpha Omega Alpha (AΩA) honor society status, number of clinical honors, and performance on away rotations have all been cited as factors contributing to program directors choosing applicants for interviews and ranking them for their program. However, questions remain as to whether these measures translate to success on board examinations, high faculty evaluations, and designation as chief resident during orthopaedic residency.» USMLE scores have been shown to correlate with Orthopaedic In-Training Examination (OITE) and American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS) scores, while clinical grades and AΩA status correlate with faculty evaluations. Participating in research as a medical student was predictive of research productivity in residency but did not correlate with standardized testing scores or faculty evaluations.» The literature has suggested ways in which measures such as personality and grit may be used in the application process and how these factors may contribute to predictors of success. However, additional research is needed to measure and define personality and grit during the application evaluation process.
Staged Acid Corrosion Inhibition for Matrix Acidizing Treatments: Concept Summary and Performance in Laboratory Experiments
Authors: Barmatov Evgeny , Hughes Trevor , Li Jack , Owen Joshua , Barker Richard , Neville Anne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
This paper describes a staged acid corrosion inhibition concept for application in matrix acidizing treatments. The approach optimizes the performance of acid corrosion inhibitor (ACI) formulations used to protect coiled tubing (CT) and downhole casing during acid injection and flowback. The concept relies on polymerizable ACI chemistry.
Matrix acidizing formulations are currently designed with a fixed ACI dosage throughout acid injection. The staged approach uses a higher ACI dosage (first stage) to establish a persistent inhibitor film followed by a lower ACI dosage (second stage) to maintain that film. The persistence of the first stage inhibitor film relies on polymerizable ACI chemistry. Staged performance was evaluated by weight loss and electrochemical testing on CT and casing steels in 15% hydrochloric acid at temperatures in the range 60 to 121°C. Rotating cylinder electrodes (RCEs) were used to compare performance under laminar and realistic turbulent flow conditions. An electrochemical flow cell (EFC) was used to quantify performance when the ACI dosage was changed during flow.
The ACI dosage used in the second stage can be at least one order of magnitude lower than that in the first stage. Staged treatments can be designed for enhanced corrosion protection using a lower total quantity of inhibitor relative to conventional treatments. Optimum first and second stage ACI dosages depend on temperature and metal type. For CT in 15% hydrochloric acid, typical stage 1 and stage 2 dosages are 0.2 and 0.01 %, respectively, at temperatures ranging 77 to 99°C; these dosages increase to 1.0 and 0.05–0.1 % at 121°C. RCE testing showed robust performance under realistic dynamic flow conditions, and EFC testing showed good performance when the ACI dosage was changed during flow.
The staged ACI concept achieves enhanced corrosion protection of CT and wellbore casing using a lower total quantity of inhibitor relative to conventional treatments. The next step is to evaluate the performance of staged ACI treatments in field experiments.
Limitations of Corrosion Resistant Alloy in High CO2 Gas Production Systems: A Case Study
Authors: Rodriguez Jorge , Gómez Susana , Tran Dinh Ngoc , Ortuño Giovanni , Borole Narendra 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The paper presents the application of a holistic approach to corrosion prediction that overcomes classical pitfalls in corrosion testing and modelling at high pressure, high temperature and high CO2 conditions. Thermodynamic modelling of field and lab conditions allows for more accurate predictions by a novel CO2/H2S general corrosion model validated by laboratory tests.
In the proposed workflow, autoclave tests at high pressure and temperature are designed after modeling corrosion in a rigorous thermodynamic framework including fluid-dynamic modelling; the modeled steps include preparation, gas loading and heating of fluid samples at high CO2 concentration, and high flow velocities. An autoclave setup is proposed and validated to simultaneously test different conditions. Corrosion rates are extrapolated to compute service life of the materials and guide material selection.
The results from the model and tests extend the application of selected stainless steel grade beyond the threshold conditions calculated by simplistic models and guidelines. Consideration of fugacities and true aqueous compositions allows for accurate thermodynamic representation of field conditions. Computation by rigorous fluid dynamics of shear stress, multiphase flow and heat transfer effects inside completion geometry lead to a proper interpretation of corrosion mechanisms and models to apply. In the case study used to showcase the workflow, conventional stainless steel is validated for most of the tubing. It is observed that some sections of the system in static condition are not exposed to liquid water, allowing for safe use of carbon steel, while as for other critical parts, more noble materials are deemed necessary.
Harsh environments pose a challenge to the application of conventional steel materials. The workflow applied to the case study allows accurate representation and application of materials in its application limit region, allowing for safe use of carbon steel or less noble stainless steels in those areas of the completion where corrosion is limited by multiphase fluid-dynamics, heat transfer or the both. The approximation is validated for real case study under high CO2 content, and is considered also valid in the transportation of higher amounts of CO2, for example, in CCUS activities.
Microbial Ecology Metrics to Assess the Effect of Biocide on Souring Control and Improve Souring Modelling
Authors: Shi Xiang , de Rezende Julia R. , Sorbie Kenneth 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Reservoir souring is a long-standing issue for the oil and gas industry caused by sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM) producing H2S from sulfate ions. In this work, we investigated the connections between the development of souring and the change in three key microbial ecology metrics: the abundance, alpha diversity and community structure of a souring microbiota under the biocide treatment of 100 ppm glutaraldehyde (henceforth referred to as GA). These are studied in sand-packed flow-through bioreactors during and after the biocide treatment using cutting-edge DNA assays. Our study suggests that the rebound of microbial sulfide production after the 100 ppm GA treatment is closely associated with the recovery in microbial abundance and microbial alpha diversity. The study also shows that 100 ppm GA treatment may lead to a measurable shift in the SRM community structure. By comparing the effluent microbial community with the sand microbial community, the study suggests that the change in alpha diversity of the produced water microbial community might be an early warning for the sulfide breakthrough due to souring recurrence in practice.
This work explores the relationship between souring and the underlining microbial community behaviours in response to the 100 ppm GA treatment and, to characterise these changes, we propose measurable metrics. A conceptual model is also proposed describing the near-term biological process behind the biocide treatment-recovery cycle in a souring scenario. Finally, this work highlights the potential applications and caveats of harnessing the increasingly available field microbial community data for the improvement of souring modelling and field souring control strategies.
Risk Based Management of Corrosion Under Insulation
Authors: Wiggen Frode , Justnes Maren , Espeland Sindre 
Published: June 2021

Abstract

Risk Based Management of Corrosion Under Insulation, DNVGL-RP-G109©
Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) is a major challenge for different process industries. Today it is managed in many ways, ranging from full removal of insulation to minimal maintenance including some inspection with insufficient non-destructive testing. These two extremes exhibit a lack of understanding and a lack of systematic approach in managing the CUI risk, globally.
The paper will describe the results from a recent (2017-2019) CUI Joint Industry Project (JIP) where the oil and gas industry in the North Sea area has established a methodology for managing the CUI threat. In this context managing the CUI threat involves risk assessment, risk mitigation, risk update and experience transfer in a systematic manner. The methodology assesses four CUI barriers: material, coating, water wetting and design.
DNV GL has made this methodology available for the industry in DNVGL-RP-G109 "Risk Based Management of Corrosion Under Insulation" Copyright © DNV AS. 2019 All rights reserved.
(1) issued in December 2019. The Recommended Practice is issued alongside a cloud-based web application, the "CUI Manager" Copyright © DNV AS. 2020 All rights reserved. (2) that ease and supports the implementation of the work process described in the RP. This web application can be aligned with individual company specific requirements, as well as solely rely on the DNV GL RP methodology, or use a combination of the two.
Using Industry Data to Develop Improved Methods to Manage Corrosion Under Insulation
Authors: Clare Watt , Steve Paterson , Calum White , Thomas-Peter Wilk 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Corrosion Under Insulation (CUI) continues to be an issue in many oil, gas and petrochemical installations. This paper builds on previous work to examine why the industry has struggled to come up with reliable and cost-effective solutions to the CUI problem. The limitations of different multidiscipline innovations are discussed together with positive examples of the latest promising industry projects and research, including risk management guidance, improved coatings, insulation system materials and design, non-destructive screening techniques and permanently embedded monitors. Key learnings from this review demonstrate the importance of better use of industry plant data to achieve improvements in managing CUI in all innovation disciplines.
Dust Storm Index Anomaly for Sand-Dust Events Monitoring in Western Iran and its Association with the NDVI and LST Anomalies
Authors: Ebrahimi-Khusfi Zohre , Roustaei Fatemeh 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Sand-dust events (SDE) are an increasing concern in many arid and semi-arid regions of the world, which have severely damaged air quality and human health in recent years. This study was conducted to monitor the SDE in western Iran using the dust storm index anomaly (DSIA) during 2000–2018. The spatiot-emporal change detection and statistical analysis were used to understand the impacts of normalized difference vegetation cover anomaly (NDVIA) and land surface temperature anomaly (LSTA) on the SDE activities. The area has suffered from the highest dust pollution in 2004, 2009, and 2012 (DSIA > + 40) while it experienced the lowest dust pollution in 2002 and 2017 (DSIA<-40). Approximately 48% of western Iran experienced decreasing changes and 52 % of the total area experienced increasing changes in dust pollution during 2010–2018 compared to the previous years. Incremental changes in NDVIA and LSTA were observed in 73.2% and 7.5% of the study area while their decreasing changes were observed in 26.8% and 92.5% of the total area, respectively. Spatially, regions affected by the increase in dust pollution are mainly distributed in the eastern and southern regions of the study area. Significant effects of changes in anomalies of both terrestrial parameters on DSIA were observed throughout the study period (R LSTA−DSIA = + 0.52; R NDVIA−DSIA= -0.41); P < 0.05). It was also found that spatial correlation between LSTA and DSIA as well as NDVIA and DSIA in many parts of the study area were significant at the 95% confidence level (). These findings can be useful for decision-makers to assess the risks of dust pollution and reduce its negative consequences in western Iran.
Adaptation and validation of the Caregiver Burden Inventory in Eating Disorders
Authors: Bertelli Sara , Ferrara Paolo , Modica Sharon Di , Terzoni Stefano , Bergamelli Emilio , Gambini Orsola , D'Agostino Armando , Destrebecq Anne 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background
Living with people diagnosed with a mental disorder is known to increase the risk of developing high levels of so–called “caregiver burden” in informal caregivers. In–depth analysis of this phenomenon and specific assessment tools for caregivers of patients diagnosed with Eating Disorders are lacking. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Caregiver Burden Inventory scale in a sample of caregivers of Eating Disorder patients (CBI–ED).
Methods
A cross–sectional study was conducted in the Eating Disorders outpatient unit of an Italian University hospital. Face and content validity were investigated by calculating standard Content Validity Indices (CVI-I and CVI-S) after administering the Inventory to 5 expert nurses with a minimum 5 years’ experience in mental health services assisting people diagnosed with Eating Disorders. Reliability was evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the overall scale and subscales. An exploratory factor analysis was also performed to assess construct validity.
Results
CBI-ED was administered to 62 informal caregivers from May 1st to July 31st, 2019. The exploratory factor analysis yielded a 5–factor structure. The CVI-S was 97.2%; the Cronbach α coefficient was 0,90 (> 0.74 in each subscale). The mean overall burden level in the experimental population was 40 [21;54], in a theoretical range from 0 (no burden) to 96 (highest level of burden).
Conclusion
The Caregiver Burden Inventory appears to be a valid and reliable instrument to assess caregiver burden in individuals diagnosed with Eating Disorders. Further research is needed to evaluate this tool’s efficiency in improving individually tailored interventions on families.
Study on Complex Dynamics for the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Recycling Activities Oligarchs Closed-loop Supply Chain
Authors: Zhu Meihong , Li Xiao , Ma Junhai , Xu Tiantong , Zhu Liqing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, with more and more WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) being abandoned, WEEE recycling activities are increasingly popular. In this paper, we build a closed-loop supply chain model and focus on the recycling behaviors of the members in this supply chain, which contains two manufacturers, the retailer and the consumer. In the reverse chain, we set up dual channels and design two recycling methods: sell-back method and trade-in method. We use classical backward induction to run the model. And then we analyze the stability of the system and the impacts of some essential parameters by numerical simulation. The speed of the manufacture’s decision adjustment has a significant effect on the stability of the model. When the decision variables of manufacturers go into instability, the profits of both manufacturers and the retailer have a profit loss in multiple cycles on average. The lower production cost of manufacturer 1 will increase the retailer's profit and self-profit, while manufacturer 2's profit will decrease. And the smaller price coefficient of the retailer can bring higher profits but aggravate the chaotic condition, and the stability of the whole system will decrease. In the end, we adopt the parameter control method and the decision-making method to control chaos, and they both have a good control effect.