bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
We Should Not Be a Counterpart Theorist of Events If We Want to Be a Counterfactual Theorist of Causation
Authors: Tang Zhiheng 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAlthough David Lewis advocates a counterpart‐theoretic treatment of objects but rejects a parallel treatment of events, many philosophers have — mainly to solve some puzzles within the framework of a Lewisian counterfactual analysis of causation — suggested that the counterpart‐theoretic treatment be extended to events. This article argues that we had better not be a counterpart theorist of events as long as we want to remain at all faithful to the counterfactual analysis of causation.
Retro Nuosu: Reclaiming the Past, Present, and Future through Participatory Portraits in Southwest China
Authors: Banfill Kaitlin 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACTThis article explores visual and ethnic representation among Nuosu Yi youth in contemporary China, where photographic subjects’ desires and agency compete with mainstream visual regimes. I argue that Nuosu Yi university students used self‐fashioning and photography to create a new yet radically retro narrative—one that asserts their political and cultural modernity in the Chinese national imagination. “Art photo” studios have recently inspired youth to express themselves through a markedly retro Nuosu aesthetic. In this project, I replicated an art photo studio and photographed fourteen individuals, revealing their individual desires and agency in the broader context of Chinese ethnic representation.
Producing Journalistic Authority in the Age of Digital Media: Temporality, Media Affordance, and Ethical Reflexivity in Turkey’s Media Sphere
Authors: Özkan Nazlı 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis article examines how journalists in Turkey form their authority and strengthen control over their news craft in the digital age through processing (işlemek) the news. Processing combines two crucial components: ethical engagement with news stories and a flexible time frame. Drawing on ethnographic and visual analysis of televisual, newspaper, and internet production at Turkey’s socialist Yüzyıl newspaper, I argue that journalists invest more heavily in non‐digital mediums like television and print because they provide a more flexible temporality to process information through investigation and ethical deliberation.
Glamorous Work: Notes from the Red Carpet
Authors: Mitchell SED 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF) attracts filmmakers and film audiences from around the world each year. In this article, I take an ethnographic approach to understand the way film festival organizers bring groups together and act as intermediaries in negotiating the value of particular films and cinema. I argue that film festival organizers engage in glamorous work—a strategy that employs visual cues and artful mediation to cultivate a sense of the extraordinary while obscuring the risky nature of film festival organization. This article considers the risks involved in film festival organization and the way glamorous work attempts to alleviate these risks.
Does the Age of Sudden Cardiac Death in Family Members Matter in Brugada Syndrome?
Authors: Rattanawong Pattara , Kewcharoen Jakrin , Kanitsoraphan Chanavuth , Barry Timothy , Shanbhag Anusha , Ko Ko Nway L. , Vutthikraivit Wasawat , Home Madhurima , Agasthi Pradyumna , Ashraf Hasan , Shimizu Wataru , Shen Win‐Kuang 
Published: May 2021

Background
Brugada syndrome is an inherited cardiac channelopathy associated with major arrhythmic events (MAEs). The presence of a positive family history of sudden cardiac death (SCD) as a risk predictor of MAE remains controversial. We aimed to examine the association between family history of SCD and MAEs stratified by age of SCD with a systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods and Results

We searched the databases of MEDLINE and EMBASE from January 1992 to January 2020. Data from each study were combined using the random‐effects model. Fitted metaregression was performed to evaluate the association between the age of SCD in families and the risk of MAE. Twenty‐two studies from 2004 to 2019 were included in this meta‐analysis involving 3386 patients with Brugada syndrome. The overall family history of SCD was not associated with increased risk of MAE in Brugada syndrome (pooled odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% CI, 0.82–1.51;
P
=0.489, I
2
=45.0%). However, a history of SCD in family members of age younger than 40 years of age did increase the risk of MAE by ≈2‐fold (pooled OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.11–3.73;
P
=0.022, I
2
=0.0%). When stratified by the age of cut point at 50, 45, 40, and 35 years old, a history of SCD in younger family member was significantly associated with a higher risk of MAE (pooled OR, 0.49, 1.30, 1.51, and 2.97, respectively;
P
=0.046).

Conclusions
A history of SCD among family members of age younger than 40 years was associated with a higher risk of MAE.
The Miracle of Mercy and the Mandate of Justice
Authors: Green Chris E.W. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Daniela Augustine’s The Spirit and the Common Good continues her project of imagining the Christian life as a life given to iconizing the creator and thus sanctifying the creation. Drawing on the deep sources of Orthodox theology and post-modern philosophy, she casts a vision of the common good drawn by the church’s participation in the Spirit’s ‘world-mending artistry’. This review asks what her work means for American Pentecostals in the context of the current social upheaval and political reckoning.
Towards a Global Pneumatological Awareness
Authors: Crace Benjamin D. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Eastern forms of Christianity are being mined as possible sources for deepening and renewing Pentecostal-Charismatic theology, particularly its pneumatology. While applauding these efforts, this article suggests that such strategies are myopically focused on Eastern Orthodoxy while ignoring the riches of Oriental Orthodoxy, the Coptic Orthodox legacy in particular. By providing comparative accounts of Coptic practices of the charismata with the author’s experience within the neo-charismatic milieu, the essay surveys points of contact to heighten interest and underscore potential avenues of pneumatic inquiry.
Stabreimende Wortpaare in Deutsche Versnovellistik des 13. bis 15. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Jeep John M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The recently published compendium of 175 German verse tales from the 13th–15th century (Deutsche Versnovellistik des 13. bis 15. Jahrhunderts) includes never-before-published material in critical edition, so that a survey of the alliterating word-pairs within this arguably hard to define genre seems desirable. Some 380 pairs are collected and analysed within the context of each tale, with special attention paid to earlier transmission of the pairs or their innovative nature, respectively. Following a methodology that has been employed to cover all of Old and Early Middle High German and much of classical High German, the history of this durable rhetorical device is extended well into the late medieval era. Further surveys will help to fill in remaining gaps in coverage of the history of the alliterating word-pair in German.
Contributions to a relative chronology of Persian
Authors: Korn Agnes 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Old Persian shows a change of postconsonantal y, w to iy, uw, respectively. However, if one applies (pre-)Middle Persian sound changes to the Old Persian forms, the result is at variance with certain Middle Persian forms. If one were to assume a syncope reversing the Old Persian change of y, w to iy, uw, this would also affect old cases of iy, uw and likewise yield incorrect results for Middle Persian. The Old Persian change can thus not have operated in the prehistory of Middle Persian, and there is a dialectal difference between attested Old Persian and the later stages of the language, which is to be added to those already noted. The paper also discusses some sound changes that are connected to the Old Persian change in one way or the other. Cases in point are the processes called Epenthesis and Umlaut in previous scholarship, which this article suggests to interpret as occurring in different contexts and in different periods. The former is limited to Vry, which yields Vir and feeds into a monophthongisation that, as shown by some late Old Persian word forms, occurred within Achaemenid times, giving ēr and īr from ary and əry. Epenthesis did not occur in the prehistory of Parthian, whereas the monophthongisation did. The Appendix presents a tentative sequence of the processes discussed in this article, which is intended as a contribution to the relative chronology of Persian historical phonology.
Protective effects of recombinant 53-kDa protein of Trichinella spiralis on acute lung injury in mice via alleviating lung pyroptosis by promoting M2 macrophage polarization
Authors: Wei Ling-yu , Jiang An-qi , Jiang Ren , Duan Si-ying , Xu Xue , Su Ze-da-zhong , Xu Jia 
Published: May 2021

Trichinella spiralis represents an effective treatment for autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The effects of recombinant T. spiralis (TS) 53-kDa protein (rTsP53) on acute lung injury (ALI) remain unclear. Here, mice were divided randomly into a control group, LPS group, and rTsP53 + LPS group. ALI was induced in BALB/c mice by LPS (10 mg/kg) injected via the tail vein. rTsP53 (200 µl; 0.4 μg/μl) was injected subcutaneously three times at an interval of 5 d before inducing ALI in the rTsP53+LPS group. Lung pathological score, the ratio and markers of classic activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2), cytokine profiles in alveolar lavage fluid, and pyroptosis protein expression in lung tissue were investigated. RTsP53 decreased lung pathological score. Furthermore, rTsP53 suppressed inflammation by increasing IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13. There was an increase in alveolar M2 macrophage numbers, with an increase in CD206 and arginase-1-positive cells and a decrease in alveolar M1 markers such as CD197 and iNOS. In addition, the polarization of M2 macrophages induced by rTsP53 treatment could alleviate ALI by suppressing lung pyroptosis. RTsP53 was identified as a potential agent for treating LPS-induced ALI via alleviating lung pyroptosis by promoting M2 macrophage polarization.
LRWD1 expression is regulated through DNA methylation in human testicular embryonal carcinoma cells
Authors: Hung Jui-Hsiang , Cheng Han-Yi , Tsai Yung-Chieh , Pan Hsien-An , Omar Hany A. , Chiu Chien-Chih , Su Yin-Mei , Lin Yung-Ming , Teng Yen-Ni 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Sperm growth and maturation are correlated with the expression levels of Leucine-rich repeat and WD repeat-containing protein 1 (LRWD1), a widely expressed protein in the human testicles. The decrease in LRWD1 cellular level was linked to the reduction in cell growth and mitosis and the rise in cell microtubule atrophy rates. Since DNA methylation has a major regulatory role in gene expression, this study aimed at exploring the effect of the modulation of DNA methylation on LRWD1 expression levels.

Results
The results revealed the presence of a CpG island up of 298 bps (− 253 ~ + 45) upon LRWD1 promoter in NT2/D1 cells. The hypermethylation of the LRWD1 promoter was linked to a reduction in the transcription activity in NT2/D1 cells, as indicated by luciferase reporter assay. The methylation activator, floxuridine, confirmed the decrease in the LRWD1 promoter transcriptional activity. On the other hand, 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dc, methylation inhibitor), significantly augmented LRWD1 promoter activity and the expression levels of mRNA and proteins. Furthermore, DNA methylation status of LRWD1 promoter in human sperm genomic DNA samples was analyzed. The results indicated that methylation of LRWD1 promoter was correlated to sperm activity.

Conclusions
Thus, the regulation of LRWD1 expression is correlated with the methylation status of LRWD1 promoter, which played a significant role in the modulation of spermatogenesis, sperm motility, and vitality. Based on these results, the methylation status of LRWD1 promoter may serve as a novel molecular diagnostic marker or a therapeutic target in males’ infertility.
Down-regulation LncRNA-SNHG15 contributes to proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer cells
Authors: Mokhtar Aldhabi , Kong Chuize , Zhang Zhe , Du Yan 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lncRNA-SNHG15 in bladder carcinoma using cell lines experiments and the relationship between clinical characteristics and lncRNA-SNHG15 expression was analyzed.

Methods
Bladder cancer tissues and near-cancer tissues were collected. The real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of lncRNA-SNHG15 in tissues and cell lines. The expression of lncRNA-SNHG15 was downregulated by interference (siRNA), as detected by RT-PCR, that was used to determine the efficiency of the interference. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were used to evaluate the effect of lncRNA-SNHG15 on the proliferation and invasion capability of bladder cancer cells. The t-test was used for Statistical analyses, which were carried out using the Statistical Graph pad 8.0.1.224 software.

Result
The expression of lncRNA-SNHG15 was up regulated in 5637, UMUC3 and T24 cell lines compared with corresponding normal controls (P < 0.05). Up regulation was positively related to tumor stage (P = 0.015). And tumor size (P = 0.0465). The down-regulation of lncRNA-SNHG15 with siRNA significantly inhibited UMUC3 and T24 cell proliferation and invasion.

Conclusion
This study showed that lncRNA-SNHG15 is overexpressed in bladder cancer tissues and (5637, UMUC3 T24) cell lines. Up regulation was positively related to tumor stage (P = 0.015), and tumor size (P = 0.0465). Down-regulation of lncRNA-SNHG15 by siRNA significantly inhibited UMUC3 and T24 cell proliferation and invasion, indicating a potential molecular target for future tumor targeted therapy.
A novel “three-dimensional-printed individual guide template-assisted percutaneous vertebroplasty” for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture: a prospective, controlled study
Authors: Hu Pei Lun , Lin Ji Sheng , Meng Hai , Su Nan , Yang Yong , Fei Qi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Conventional percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) are mainly guided by C-arm fluoroscopy, and it usually leads to excessive X-ray radiation exposure to patients, surgeons, and anesthetists. Moreover, multi-time fluoroscope may prolong the operation time. 3D-printed template could help minimize fluoroscopy shot times and fluoroscopy dosage during operation, and shorten operation time. We perform this study to compare the efficacy and accuracy of PVP assisted by “three-dimensional printed individual guide template” versus conventional PVP.

Method
Patients who suffered acute painful single segment osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF) needed operative treatment were randomly assigned into three-dimensional printing individual guide template-assisted percutaneous vertebroplasty group (group A) or conventional PVP guided by C-arm fluoroscopy group (group B) at a 1:1 ratio. Fluoroscopy times for puncture points (FTPP), total radiation dosages (TRD), total fluoroscopy time (TFT), and total operation time (TOT) were recorded as the main evaluation factors to evaluate the two operation procedures.

Results
A total of 36 acute painful single segment OVCF patients were successfully operated on, and each group has 18 patients. None of the patients presented symptomatic complications. The surgical success rate in group A was 94.4%(17/18), one patient in the group A was failed and then operated by conventional procedure. FTPP (1.8 ± 0.8 in group A vs 5.2 ± 1.9 in group B, P < 0.05), TRD (4.9 ± 0.9 mGy vs 7.9 ± 1.6 mGy, P < 0.05), TFT (16.7 ± 2.9 vs 26.6 ± 5.3, P < 0.05), and total operation time (19.4 ± 2.4 min vs 27.8 ± 4.0 min, P < 0.05) were presented statistically difference in the two groups. The incidence of cement leakage occurred in group A (3/18, 16.7%) was less than that occurred in group B (7/18, 38.9%) (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Compared with the conventional PVP, “three-dimensional-printed individual guide template-assisted PVP” could minimize fluoroscopy shot times during operation and fluoroscopy dosage, shorten operation time, and is a more precise and feasible operation method.

Trial registration
The present study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (http://www.chictr.org.cn), and its registration no. is ChiCTR1900024283.
Current aboveground live tree carbon stocks and annual net change in forests of conterminous United States
Authors: Hoover Coeli M. , Smith James E. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
With the introduction of the Trillion Trees Initiative and similar programs, forests’ ability to absorb carbon dioxide is increasingly in the spotlight. Many states have mandates to develop climate action plans, of which forest carbon is an important component, and planners need current information on forest carbon stocks and rates of change at relevant spatial scales. To this end, we examine rates of average annual change in live aboveground tree carbon in different forest type groups and provide state-wide and regional summaries of current live tree carbon stock and rates of change for the forests of the conterminous United States. Forest carbon summaries are presented in a format designed to meet the needs of managers, policymakers, and others requiring current estimates of aboveground live tree carbon at state and regional scales.

Results
Regional average aboveground live tree carbon stocks (represented on a per area basis) are generally between 40 and 75 tC/ha but range from 12.8 tC/ha in the Great Plains to 130 tC/ha in the Pacific Northwest West (west-side of Cascades). Regional average annual change in live aboveground tree carbon varies from a low of − 0.18 mtC/ha/y in the Rocky Mountain South to a high value of 1.74 mtC/ha/y in Pacific Northwest West. For individual states, carbon per unit area varies widely, from a low of 11.9 tC/ha in Nevada to a high of 96.4 tC/ha in Washington, with half the states falling between 50 and 75 tC/ha. Rates of average annual change in live aboveground tree carbon vary from a high of 1.82 tC/ha/y in Mississippi to a low of − 0.47 tC/ha/y in Colorado.

Conclusions
Aboveground live tree carbon stocks and rates of average annual change vary by forest type within regions. While softwood forest types currently exhibit a higher rate of increase in the amount of carbon in aboveground live tree biomass, the current standing stock of carbon per unit area does not consistently follow this pattern. For this reason, we recommend computing and considering both measures -standing stock and average annual change—of carbon storage. The relative importance of each component will depend on management and policy objectives and the time frame related to those objectives. Harvesting and natural disturbance also affect forest carbon stock and change and may need to be considered if developing projections of potential carbon storage.
Conceptualizing callous-unemotional traits in preschoolers: Associations with social-emotional competencies and aggressive behavior
Authors: Zumbach Jelena , Rademacher Annika , Koglin Ute 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Extensive empirical evidence suggests that high Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits in childhood and adolescence can reliably identify individuals at risk for antisocial outcomes. The present study addresses research gaps by investigating the factor structure of CU traits in children at preschool age.

Methods
The sample includes 371 children (49.6% female, M age = 4.7, SD = 0.69). Using the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional-Traits (ICU), six alternative confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to find the best fitting model for our preschool sample. Children’s level of emotional competence and aggressive behavior was assed using a German questionnaire, the Behavior Rating Scales for Preschoolers (Verhaltensskalen für das Kindergartenalter, VSK) in a preschool teachers’ rating. Post hoc cluster analytic strategies and ANOVA were applied to identify groups of children with regard to their combination of social-emotional competences and CU traits, and to examine associations with aggressive behavior.

Results
Results indicate that a two-factor model revealed the best fit to our data, including a callous and an uncaring factor using 12 of the original 24 ICU items. Cluster analytic strategies reveal a risk group of children demonstrating high rates of callousness and uncaring combined with weak emotion knowledge/empathy and social competence. ANOVA shows that children in the risk group demonstrate the highest levels of aggressive behavior.

Conclusions
Group characteristics indicate that the construct of CU traits in early childhood may be nothing other than a social-emotional developmental deficit.
Monitoring the expansion of Dermacentor reticulatus and occurrence of canine babesiosis in Poland in 2016–2018
Authors: Dwużnik-Szarek Dorota , Mierzejewska Ewa J. , Rodo Anna , Goździk Katarzyna , Behnke-Borowczyk Jolanta , Kiewra Dorota , Kartawik Natalia , Bajer Anna 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
The significance of tick-borne diseases has increased considerably in recent years. Because of the unique distribution of the tick species Dermacentor reticulatus in Poland, comprising two expanding populations, Eastern and Western that are separated by a Dermacentor-free zone, it is important to conduct studies on the process of tick expansion and emergence of canine babesiosis. The main aim of the current study was to monitor the expansion of D. reticulatus populations from spring 2016 to autumn 2018 to determine (1) the actual geographical range of this tick species, and (2) and the seasonal/annual shift in range limits and changes in distance between Western and Eastern populations of ticks (the size of the non-endemic area).

Methods
Ticks were collected in spring/autumn during a 3-year study. From each season and year at least three pairs of sites from the Western and Eastern populations were selected. Then the mean distance between paired sites was calculated for each season and year. We collected and analyzed data from veterinary clinics on the number of canine babesiosis cases treated in the clinic during a whole year (2018).

Results
Accordingly, further expansion of the two D. reticulatus populations was recorded, mainly along river basins. Marked colonization of the gap zone was observed, with a mean annual shift in the range of 2.5–10 km and a steadily decreasing distance between the two tick populations. The occurrence of babesiosis in different regions revealed low numbers of cases in Western Poland (19 cases/year) and the gap area (only 7 cases/year) and high incidence (up to 250 cases/1000 dogs) and fatality (total 3.65%) in Central and Eastern Poland. Strong associations were found geographically between tick and babesiosis occurrence and temporally in the seasonal patterns of occurrence of ticks and outbreaks of babesiosis.

Conclusions
We documented the shift in range limits and continued process of colonization of the gap zone accompanied by the emergence of canine babesiosis in the Eastern expansion zone. Updated maps of the distribution of ticks and occurrence of babesiosis in different regions of Poland have allowed us to predict of the emergence of pathogens vectored by D. reticulatus.

Graphical Abstract