bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting Long-Term Hydrological Change Caused By Climate Shifting In The 21st Century In The Headwater Area of The Yellow River Basin
Authors: Hu Jingyi , Wu Yiping , Sun Pengcheng , Zhao Fubo , Sun Ke , Li Tiejian , Sivakumar Bellie , Qiu Linjing , Sun Yuzhu , Jin Zhangdong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is one of the amplifiers of global climate change. The headwater area of the Yellow River Basin (HYRB) on the QTP is the dominant water source region for the whole Yellow River Basin (YRB). However, the sensitive responses of hydrological processes to the intensifying climate change are exerting high uncertainties to the water cycle in the HYRB. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential climate change under three Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 2.6, 4.5, and 8.5) and their hydrological impacts in this region using the ensemble climate data from eight general circulation models (GCMs) and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Compared to the baseline (1976–2015), the projected climate indicated a rise of 7.3–7.8% in annual precipitation, 1.3–1.9°C in maximum air temperature, and 1.2–1.8°C in minimum air temperature during the near future period (2020–2059), and an increment of 9.0–17.9%, 1.5–4.5°C, and 1.3–4.5°C in precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature, respectively, during the far future period (2060–2099). The well-simulated SWAT modeling results suggested that due to a wetter and warmer climate, annual average actual evapotranspiration (AET) would increase obviously in the future (31.9–35.3% during the near future and 33.5–54.3% during the far future), which might cause a slight decrease in soil water. Water yield would decrease by 16.5–20.1% during the near future period, implying a worsening water crisis in the future. Till the end of this century, driven by the increased precipitation, water yield would no longer continue to decrease, with a decline by 15–19.5%. Overall, this study can not only provide scientific understanding of the hydrological responses to the future climate in both semi-arid and alpine areas, but also contribute to the decision support for sustainable development of water resources and protection of eco-environment in the HYRB.
Commensal Gut Bacterium Akkermansia Muciniphila Secretome Induces Mitochondrial Calcium Overload and α-Synuclein Aggregation in Enteroendocrine Cells
Authors: Neto Dionísio Pedro Amorim , Bosque Beatriz Pelegrini , de Godoy João Vitor Pereira , Rodrigues Paulla Vieira , Meneses Dario Donoso , Tostes Katiane , Tonoli Celisa Caldana Costa , González-Billault Christian , Fonseca Matheus 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The notion that the gut microbiota plays a role in neurodevelopment, behavior and outcome of neurodegenerative disorders is recently taking place. A number of studies have consistently reported a greater abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in Parkinson’s disease (PD) fecal samples. Nevertheless, a functional link between A. muciniphila and sporadic PD remained unexplored. Here, we investigated whether A.muciniphila conditioned medium could initiate the misfolding process of α-synuclein (αSyn) in enteroendocrine cells (EECs), which are part of the gut epithelium and possess many neuron-like properties. Results: We found that A. muciniphila conditioned medium is directly modulated by mucin, induces intracellular calcium (Ca2+) release, and causes increased mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in EECs, which in turn leads to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and αSyn aggregation. Indeed, oral administration of A. muciniphila cultivated in the absence of mucin to aged mice also led to αSyn aggregation in cholecystokinin (CCK)-positive enteroendocrine cells. Noteworthy, buffering mitochondrial Ca2+ reverted all the damaging effects observed. Conclusion: Thereby, these molecular insights provided here offer evidence that bacterial proteins are capable of inducing αSyn aggregation in enteroendocrine cells.
The effect of additional antimicrobial therapy on the outcomes of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Ching-Yi , Chen Chao-Hsien , Wang Cheng-Yi , Lai Chih-Cheng , Chao Chien-Ming , Wei Yu-Feng 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

The effect of additional antimicrobial agents on the clinical outcomes of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is unclear.
Methods

We performed comprehensive searches of randomized control trials (RCTs) that compared the clinical efficacy of additional antimicrobial agents to those of placebo or usual care in the treatment of IPF patients. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes were changes in forced vital capacity (FVC), diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and the risk of adverse events (AEs).
Results

Four RCTs including a total of 1055 patients (528 receiving additional antibiotics and 527 receiving placebo or usual care) were enrolled in this meta-analysis. Among the study group, 402 and 126 patients received co-trimoxazole and doxycycline, respectively. The all-cause mortality rates were 15.0% (79/528) and 14.0% (74/527) in the patients who did and did not receive additional antibiotics, respectively (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76 to 1.51; p = 0.71). No significant difference was observed in the changes in FVC (mean difference [MD], 0.01; 95% CI, -0.03 to 0.05; p = 0.56) and DLCO (MD, 0.05; 95% CI, -0.17 to 0.28; p = 0.65). Additional use of antimicrobial agents was also associated with an increased risk of AEs (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.19–2.27; p = 0.002), especially gastrointestinal disorders (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.10–2.15; p = 0.001).
Conclusion

In patients with IPF, adding antimicrobial therapy to usual care did not improve mortality or lung function decline but increased gastrointestinal toxicity.
Proposal of a Modified Comprehensive Technique to Avoid Local Scarring and Adhesion Formation for Isolated Gastrocnemius Recession: a Comparison Study.
Authors: Zheng Jiafa , Song Xiufeng , Guan Min , Qi Zhiming 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundPoor cosmesis is one of the complications following surgical gastrocnemius recession by Strayer procedure. Our present study reported a modified comprehensive technique avoiding skin adhesion in releasing gastrocnemius contracture. A comparison cohort was conducted with inclusion cases via comprehensive modified technique and conventional Strayer procedure. MethodsFrom July 2017 to December 2019, 72 consecutive patients (84 feet) were retrospectively reviewed with 38 cases（42 feet）treated utilizing conventional Strayer procedure and 34 cases（42 feet）treated by modified comprehensive technique. All patients were followed up for minimum 12 months (mean 13.6, range 12 to 18 months). The ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and medical complications (scar adhesion) of above patients were recorded and evaluated. ResultsThe mean ankle dorsiflexion significantly improved from 14.5º±2.5º degrees preoperatively to -18.7º±3.2º degrees in modified procedure group postoperatively (P<0.05), while dorsiflexion improved from 15.2º±3.0º to -19.1º±3.9º in conventional Strayer procedure group. 1 of 42 (2.4%) in modified procedure group developed scar adhesion while 12 of 42 (28.6%) in conventional Strayer procedure group, which showed a statistically significant difference in postoperative complication (scar adhesion) rate between two groups (P<0.05). ConclusionsGastrocnemius recession with modified comprehensive technique can completely release the gastrocnemius aponeurosis and achieve satisfactory recovery of ankle dorsiflexion angle, especially effectively avoid postoperative local scar adhesion with a superior cosmetic appearance.Level of Clinical Evidence: 3
Novel Phase Distributions for Large Beam- Scanning Reflectarrays
Authors: SHEIKHOLESLAMI AHAD , ATLASBAF ZAHRA 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this paper, the hybrid combination of genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization (GAPSO) is used to optimize the phase distribution (PD) of beam-scanning reflectarray. The GAPSO takes advantage of both conventional algorithms and it could cover their weaknesses. Two novels PDs are proposed in this paper. Constant phase elements (CPEs) and ordinary elements (OEs) are two basic kinds of elements used in these two novel PDs. The phases of CPEs are fixed and it is not changed during beam scanning and only OEs’ phase could be adjusted to scan the main beam. GAPSO and two novels PDs are applied to array factor PD of a 30*30 reflectarray antenna to displace the main beam electronically in the vertical plane from-40⁰ to 40⁰. In these two novel PDs, 28.8% of total elements are selected as CPEs. In the first one with only CPEs, the phase of OEs (71.2% of total elements) could adjust, but in the second novel PD with CPEs and phase symmetry plane 35.5% of the total elements’ phase could be changed to scan the beam. Optimization results show that the novel PD and hybrid algorithm have appropriate performance in the electronically beam scanning of reflectarrays.
Immunogenetic Variation Shapes the Gut Microbiome in a Natural Vertebrate Population
Authors: Davies Charli S. , Worsley Sarah F. , Maher Kathryn H. , Komdeur Jan , Burke Terry , Dugdale Hannah L. , Richardson David S. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: The gut microbiome (GM) can influence many biological processes in the host, impacting its health and survival, but the GM can also be influenced by the host’s traits. In vertebrates, Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes play a pivotal role in combatting pathogens and are thought to shape the host’s GM. However, despite this - and the documented importance of both GM and MHC variation to individual fitness - few studies have investigated the association between the GM and MHC in the wild. Results: We characterised MHC class I (MHC-I), MHC class II (MHC-II), and GM variation in individuals within a natural population of the Seychelles warbler, Acrocephalus sechellensis. We determined how the diversity and composition of the GM varied with MHC characteristics, in addition to environmental factors and other host intrinsic traits. Our results show that the presence of specific MHC alleles, but not MHC diversity, influences both the diversity and composition of the GM in this population. We found that MHC-I alleles, rather than MHC-II alleles, had the greatest impact on the GM. GM diversity was negatively associated with the presence of three MHC-I alleles (Ase-ua3, Ase-ua4, Ase-ua5), and one MHC-II allele (Ase-dab4), while changes in GM composition were associated with the presence of four different MHC-I alleles (Ase-ua1, Ase-ua7, Ase-ua10, Ase-ua11). GM diversity was also positively correlated with genome-wide heterozygosity and varied with host age and field period.Conclusions: These results suggest that components of the host’s immune system play a role in shaping the GM of wild animals. Host genotype – specifically, adaptive immune receptor MHC-I alleles – can modulate the GM, although whether this occurs directly, or indirectly through effects on host health is unclear. To our knowledge this is the first-time individual MHC-I variation has been shown to be associated with differences in GM characteristics in a natural population. Importantly, it suggests that host–microbiome coevolution may play a role in maintaining functional immunogenetic variation within natural vertebrate populations.
Strong Role of Calcination Temperature for Improving Magnetocaloric Effect in Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 Prepared via Combustion Technique
Authors: Hamad mahmoud Aly , Alamri Hatem R. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
In this work, phenomenological model (PM) is used to simulate the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of Nd0.5Sr0.5MnO3 (NSMO) sample synthesized at various values of temperature of calcination (Tcal). The results showed that MCE of NSMO samples depends strongly on Tcal, achieving that a conventional MCE for nanocrystalline NSMO samples. However, the thermomagnetic behavior of bulk NSMO sample NSMO contains both conventional MCE and inverse MCE. MCE of NSMO improves powerfully with increasing Tcal. The calcination process is concluded as a powerful tool for improving MCE for NSMO. Especially, NSMO parameters in MCE of some published works are better, with a value equal to or greater than the corresponding MCE parameters in the same value of ΔH. MCE of NSMO system, particularly for nitrogen and hydrogen liquefaction, covers an excellent temperature range is of interest for MR.
Changes in Morphometry of Trunk Muscles, Pain, and Disability Associated With Motor Control Training in People With Chronic Low Back Pain: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Shanbehzadeh Sanaz , ShahAli Shabnam , Hides Julie , Ebrahimi-Takamjani Ismail , Rasouli Omid 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase Promotes Osteogenesis and Suppresses Adipogenesis of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells via mTOR Signaling Pathway
Authors: Li Haoran , Zhou Lei , Sun Shiwei , Zhang Tianlong , Zhou Wuling , Zhang Tieqi , Wang Minghai 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Increased adipogenesis and reduced osteogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are key features of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). However, the mechanism of controlling the differentiation balance of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) is still unclear. Recent years, studies on the relationship between cholesterol metabolism and bone metabolism have been increasing. Various cholesterol metabolism-related molecules have been proved to be involved in BMSCs differentiation. Cholesterol-25-Hydroxylase (CH25H) is a multi-transmembrane endoplasmic reticulum related enzyme which participated in various metabolic process, including immunity, stem cell differentiation and inflammation. Here we discovered and proved its role in regulating stem cell differentiation and explored the mechanism.
Methods

RNAi sequences or cDNA were designed to knockdown or overexpress CH25H in cells. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alizarin red S (AR-S) staining and Oil Red O staining were used to identify osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation ability of different cells. Meanwhile, biomarkers of osteogenesis or adipogenesis were tested by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to quantify the degree of cell differentiation. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of CH25H and the key molecules of mTOR signaling pathway. Subcutaneous ectopic osteogenesis experiment in nude mice and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were applied to verify the results of in vitro experiments.
Results

CH25H could increase osteogenesis and suppress adipogenesis. Besides, the mTOR signaling pathway was found upregulated when knocking down CH25H. When using rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of mTOR, the regulating effect of osteo-adipogenic regulation were partly reversed. These results indicated that CH25H was a key regulator of BMSCs osteo-adipogenic differentiation and the mTOR signaling pathway was the downstream mechanism. Animal experiments have also got consistent results.
Conclusion

CH25H could promotes osteogenesis and suppresses adipogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells via mTOR signaling pathway.
Development and Validation of a Tool to Measure Collaborative Practice Between Community Pharmacists and Physicians From the Perspective of Community Pharmacists: The Professional Collaborative Practice Tool
Authors: Sanchez-Molina Ana I. , Benrimoj Shalom I. , Ferri-Garcia Ramon , Martinez-Martinez Fernando , Gastelurrutia Miguel Angel , Garcia-Cardenas Victoria 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background

Collaborative practice between community pharmacists and physicians is becoming increasingly common. Although tools and models to explore collaborative practice between both health care professionals have been developed, very few have been validated for their use in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a tool for measuring collaborative practice between community pharmacists and physicians from the perspective of community pharmacists.
Methods

The DeVellis method was used to develop and validate the Professional Collaborative Practice Tool. A pool of 40 items with Likert frequency scales was generated based on previous literature and expert opinion. A sample of community pharmacists providing medication reviews with follow-up and a random sample of pharmacists providing usual care were invited to participate. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the tool’s reliability and content validity.
Results

336 pharmacists were invited with an overall response rate of 84.8%. The initial 40 items selected were reduced to 14 items. Exploratory Factor Analysis provided a 3-factor solution explaining 62% of the variance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed the three factors “Activation for collaborative professional practice,” the “Integration in collaborative professional practice,” and the “Professional acceptance in collaborative professional practice.” The tool demonstrated an adequate fit (X2/df = 1.657, GFI = 0.889 and RMSEA = 0.069) and good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.924).
Conclusions

The Professional Collaborative Practice Tool has shown good internal reliability and criterion validity. The tool could be used to measure the level of collaborative practice between community pharmacists and physicians and monitor changes over time.
A Draft Genome Assembly of “Cas” (Psidium Friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg) Nied): An Indigenous Crop of Costa Rica Untapped.
Authors: Rojas-Gómez Mónica , Jiménez-Madrigal Jose Pablo , Montero-Vargas Maripaz , Loaiza-Montoya Randall , Chavarría Max , Meneses Esteban , Fuchs Eric J. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Psidium friedrichsthalianum (O. Berg) Nied is a tropical tree species in the Myrtaceae family, natively distributed from southern Mexico, to eastern Venezuela and Ecuador and commonly known as "Cas'', "Costa Rican guava" or “Sour Guava”. The “Cas” produces a fruit with a rather distinctive acidic flavor and has bioactive compounds and biological potential equal or greater than common Guava; is considered an indigenous crop in Costa Rica with characteristics as a functional food untapped. This species has not been completely domesticated, and can be found in home gardens, paddocks, small groups, and, more recently, in small and medium sized plantations. Also, the plantations of this species do not have technical and scientific support or agronomic promotion from industry, nor are there genetic resources or germplasm readily available to farmers. This limits its commercial development and the implementation of selection or genetic improvement programs. In this study, we present the first draft assembly of the Cas genome using PacBio long reads and the Canu assembly pipeline. Our draft assembly has a total length of 417.64 Mb, with 24 440 contigs and a N50 contig size of 21.3 Kb. Structural annotation resulted in 59 036 gene models. Functional annotation was conducted against the non-redundant set of genes from the KEGG database. Of the 52 422 complete genes models, 15.55% (8 153) presented homology with KEGG orthologs. The genes found in our Cas draft assembly were compared to those found in Eucalyptus grandis (rose gum) [erg] in the KEGG repository. According to the KEGG pathway assignments, 33 isoforms were annotated as part of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. In addition, 19 isoforms were annotated as part of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. The results of this study provide an overview of the first draft of the Cas genome assembly using PacBio long reads. This new genomic resource represents the basis for exploring the genetic potential of this crop with characteristics as a functional food.
Immunomodulatory Activity, GC-MS Analysis and Pharmakokinetic Potential of Camellia Sinensis
Authors: Pradhan Surbhi , Dubey R. C. 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
The immunomodulatory activities of medicinal plants are well-known. Medicinal plants found natural components enhance the immune system. However, both the Camellia sinensis is found a large number of bioactive compounds that make it strong to fight against ailments. It plays a significant role in cell-mediated and humoral immunity. The immunomodulatory activity of C. sinensis was carried out by neutrophil adhesion test, antibody titer and delayed-type hypersensitivity. The present study was aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of methanolic extract of Camellia sinensis in Wistar albino rats. GC–MS analysis was carried out on the potent plant (C. sinensis) to recognize bioactive volatile compounds, for their therapeutic properties, respectively. C. sinensis treated animals showed a significant outcome at dose 200 mg. GC–MS analysis was carried out of the C. sinensis to recognize bioactive volatile compounds. Out of 20, five major compounds were found are 2-Pentanone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl, Caffeine, 1-H Benzimidazole, 2-phenyl, Hexadecenoic acid, 15-methyl, methyl ester, Trans-13-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester. In this study, C. sinensis has more potential to modulate the immune system in experimental animals. This study provides a substantial way to replace deleterious medicines and provides natural compounds that a part of the lifestyle to get rid of diseases. The highest % area was found is 1-H Benzimidazole 2-phenyl. The pharmacokinetic property of bioactive compound was carried out by SwissADME tool.
Study on Prevalence of Lungworm Infection and Associated Risk Factors of Cattle and Sheep Slaughtered at Gondar Elfora Abattoir, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Wodaje Baye , Melkamu Samrawit , Bogale Basazenew 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Lungworms are parasitic nematode round worms that infest the lungs of ruminants. The infections have wide distribution in the world including Ethiopia. Epidemiological distribution of lung worm depends more on pasture contamination by carrier animals. Diagnosis is based on clinical signs, postmortem findings and laboratory testing (detecting lungworm larvae in faces). The aims of this study were to determine the current prevalence, identifying the species and assess the possible risk factors of lung worm infection in cattle and sheep at Gondar Elfora abattoir.Result: Out of 500 animals (240 cattle and 260 sheep) both coprological and postmortem examination were conducted. The overall occurrence of lungworm infection in both cattle and sheep were 3.75% and 7.31% respectively. The prevalence of lung worm in cattle and sheep in ante mortem inspection with respiratory problem was 8.00% and 19.51% respectively. Coprological prevalence of infection: in young and adult age groups of cattle was 7.04% and 2.37% and in sheep 6.8% and 7.9% respectively. With regard to body condition (poor, medium and good) having the prevalence of 13.64%, 3.3% and 0.00% in cattle and 16.2%, 5.35% and 7.33% in sheep respectively. It has significant difference with body condition score of cattle and sheep (p<0.05 The occurrence of identified lung worm in cattle was Dictyocaulus viviparous (3.75%); in sheep Dictyocaulus filaria (52.63%) higher than Muellerius capillaries (36.84%) followed by Protostrongylus rufescens(10.53%). Over all prevalence in cattle and sheep were 1.67% and 8.08% respectively. Finding with respect to young and adult age groups of cattle was 4.23%, 0.59%, and in sheep 7.48% and 8.85%. The identified lung worm species in sheep, mixed infection (42.85%) was higher than Dictyocaulus filarial (28.57%) followed by Muellerius capillaries (19.05%) and Protostrongylus rufescens (9.52%). Conclusions: Generally lungworm infection has a great effect on animal health and production. It needs emphasis to prevent and control to overcome this problem.