bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creep Life Prediction of Aircraft Turbine Disc Alloy Using Continuum Damage Mechanics
Authors: Li Yan-Feng , Zhang Zhisheng , Zhang Chenglin , Zhou Jie , Huang Hong-Zhong 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This paper deals with the creep characteristics of the aircraft turbine disc material of nickel-base superalloy GH4169 under high temperature. From the perspective of continuum damage mechanics, a new creep life prediction model is proposed to predict the creep life of metallic materials under both uniaxial and multiaxial stress states. The creep test data of GH4169 under different loading conditions are used to demonstrate the proposed model. Moreover, from the perspective of numerical simulation, the test data with analysis results obtained by using the finite element analysis based on Graham creep model is carried out for comparison. The results show that numerical analysis results are in good agreement with experimental data. By incorporating the numerical analysis and continuum damage mechanics, it provides an effective way to accurately describe the creep damage process of GH4169.
La fecundidad del vacío
Authors: Sevilla Godínez Héctor 
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo trata sobre las posibilidades del vacío existencial, centrándose en sus alcances, sus alternativas y sus aportes al ser humano. Se aluden, por tanto, siete características del vacío que llena: su fuente es el desapego, conduce a la expulsión de temores, angustias y odios, surge de la aceptación, alienta la liberación de las enajenaciones, supera la univocidad y permite la distinción entre la opinión y la verdad. Además, el vacío que llena dirige al individuo al reconocimiento de sus propios límites y a la intuición de un Orden que es usualmente ajeno a la intelección.
The Constitutionality of Regulations Regarding Professional Supervision of Universities in Poland Under the Law on Higher Education and Science
Authors: Bednarczyk-Płachta Agnieszka 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The Polish Accreditation Committee (Polska Komisja Akredytacyjna – further as „PKA”) is an entity authorised to conduct control activities supporting the minister’s supervisory competencies. The institution aroused great controversy from the very beginning. The procedures and operating principles, as part of professional supervision, have been declared as unconstitutional. Despite the fact that the decisions issued by the Constitutional Tribunal are generally applicable, it’s not known why the legislator feels he is released from his obligation to comply with the Tribunal’s decisions, putting into legal circulation regulations which are already considered unconstitutional. In the field of regulations on professional supervision over universities the presented situation not only undermines the fundamental rights of universities, as entities external to public administration, but also has the direct impact over citizens’ rights – students studying in controlled universities.
The presented study discusses the law regulations of higher education and science in the scope of the procedures and competences given to the PKA in terms of their compliance with the Constitution. Comparing previously applicable higher education law before and after Constitutional Tribunal’s passed verdict from 2013 (which stated the unconstitutionality of regulations in the scope of the control procedure carried out by PKA) with applicable law allows to support the thesis about the unconstitutionality of new regulations introduced in this respect and depriving universities of the right to an effective defence. Derived conclusions clearly indicates that the new law, which in its assumptions was to be better and revolutionize higher education in Poland, is another legal act requiring a thorough change from the very beginning, which does not improve the legal situation of universities in Poland in the examined scope, and in some aspects makes the situation much worse.
Role of Dean’s Offices in Developing Internal Normative Acts at HEIs
Authors: Górak-Sosnowska Katarzyna , Tomaszewska Lidia 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Dean’s Offices are administrative units of a wide scope of tasks with particular focus on managing students affairs. Their work is regulated by ordinary law, as well as internal normative acts developed at their respective HEIs. In our article we analyse the role of the Dean’s Offices in creating such acts in regard to a) their inclusion in this process; b) their ability to initiate such process; c) a wider framework of legal knowledge that they have access to. Our source material are 15 structured interviews with heads of Dean’s Offices at public and non -public HEIs. Our results indicate that the inclusion of Dean’s Offices in developing internal normative acts varies and seems to be an indication of HEI’s dominating organisational culture. In case of role -oriented cultures, there might be some channels that enable the Dean’s Offices to participate in developing the regulation. However, it depends on the power relations between the Dean’s Offices and central administration of the HEIs. Much more rarely are the HEI effect-oriented and including all relevant stakeholder (regardless of their position in the HEI’s hierarchy) into designing the regulation.
The Lack of Legal Protection of Union Rights on Termination of Fixed Term Academics at Public Universities in the Flemish Community of Belgium. Admissibility Issues of an Application Based on the Framework Agreement on Fixed-term Work at Public Universities in the Assessment by the Supreme Administrative Court of Belgium
Authors: Lauwers Gracienne 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The question of sufficient protection of academics employed with successive fixed-term employment contracts or relationships in the university sector had been raised in several procedures before the Court of Justice of the European Union (hereaft er: CJEU)2. These cases deal with the substantive basis of the claims of the academics. Admissibility of their claims was not an issue. Unlike the research dealing with the substantive basis of the claims of academics based on the Framework agreement on fixed-term work, this article deals with a ruling on the admissibility of the plea based on the Framework agreement on fixed-term work encountered by academics in the Flemish Community of Belgium. The article first outlines the exception from general labour law in the Higher Education Code of the Flemish Community of Belgium that allows universities to employ academics indefinitely with fixed-term relationships through the practice of a mosaic combination of a part-time statutory employment under administrative law and a part-time contractual employment under labour law.3 It then discusses the impact of the exceptions on the admissibility of claims for damages, compensation and reinstatement by fixed-term academics at a Flemish public university based on the violation of Council Directive 1999/70/EC and Framework agreement on fixed-term work concluded by ETUC, UNICE and CEEP4 brought before the Council of State, which is the supreme administrative court of Belgium.5 The author argues that the Belgian Council of State incorrectly applied Directive 1999/70/EC and the Framework agreement on fixed-term work in judgment no. 247.434 of April 21, 2020, while it was – in its capacity of supreme administrative court of Belgium – under the obligation of Article 267 TFEU6 to refer for a preliminary ruling to the CJEU. The refusal by the Belgian Council of State to refer questions for a preliminary ruling to the CJEU and a wrong interpretation of Union law could result i. a. in State liability for damage resulting from breach of its obligations under Community law7 whereas the CJEU could have helped the Belgian Council of State in a preliminary ruling to determine the concept of ‘successive’ employment relationships, preventive measures and measures to punish abuse of fixed term contracts in Flemish universities, rule whether the articles in the Flemish Higher Education Code on vacancies and employment of fixed-term academic staff violate the Council Directive 1999/70/EC and Framework agreement on fixed-term work, and whether national Belgian procedural law makes the application for fixed-term academic staff at a Flemish public university virtually impossible or excessively difficult and therefore incompatible with the principle of effectiveness of Union law.
Inmediatez y fact-checking: análisis del portal Ecuador Chequea
Authors: Vélez Bermello Gabriela Lourdes 
Published: February 2021

Las noticias falsas y la desinformación han sido, desde tiempos memorables, temas de debates en los medios de comunicación. Estos se ven enfrascados por la inmediatez en el proceso de la construcción de la realidad y los intereses, por señalar algunos de los condicionantes que el sistema genera. Internet actúa como un “arma de doble filo”; por un lado, se evidencia una gran avalancha de información y, por otro, la carencia de credibilidad en los portales noticiosos. Por este motivo, la práctica del fact-checking se va posicionando aunque con divergentes metodologías y técnicas. Esta investigación propone un estado de los estudios generados con relación al fact-checking, para luego ofrecer un análisis de la periodicidad de contenidos que se publican en el portal web Ecuador Chequea, indagando en las distintas fuentes a las que recurre el equipo de chequeo, con el objetivo de clasificar si la información tiene o no veracidad. Con el respaldo de bases teóricas y aplicando la observación sistematizada, este trabajo aporta a las reflexiones en torno al tratamiento de noticias en el primer portal de verificación de información de Ecuador.
The rape law revision in Denmark: Consent or voluntariness as the key criterion?
Authors: Vestergaard Jørn 
Published: February 2021

The adoption of a consent-based rape provision in the Danish Penal Code has gradually gained sufficient political support. The overall objective behind the law reform is to render better protection of the right to sexual self-determination and sexual integrity. However, in the recent run-up towards a political agreement, a sharp dividing line has separated the proponents of change due to a heated controversy with regard to the choice of the term to be used in the revised criminal law provision, i.e., ‘consent’ or ‘voluntariness’. The disagreement has caused a protracted deadlock in the reform process. This article examines the polarising opinions in the debate and compares the potential impacts of the debated models. It will be demonstrated that the demarcation line between the two opposing parties in the debate concerning the choice of the appropriate terminology has been drawn unnecessarily sharp. The reach of the amended rape legislation will not merely depend on the wording of the rape provision but will, at least in part, depend on the clarifications provided in the preparatory works. Ultimately, the courts will have to clarify the legal implications of an individual’s passivity in a sexual encounter and address the adequate assessment of sexual encounters taking place against the backdrop of psychological violence and abuse.
Clinical implication of kidney injury molecule (KIM-1) in blood plasma of renal-cell cancer patients
Authors: Gershtein E. S. , Naberezhnov D. S. , Alferov A. A. , Bezhanova Svetlana D. , Frolova N. F. , Matveev V. B. , Kuslinskii N. E. 
Published: February 2021

Background. The most important task in the field of renal-cell cancer (RCC) treatment results improvement is the search and validation of the markers for its early diagnostics still absent in the clinical practice. It was established that even before the onset and/or detection of RCC the level of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in blood plasma did increase.Objective of the study — comparative evaluation of KIM-1 levels in blood plasma of practically healthy persons, RCC cancer, benign kidney tumor patients, patients with non-oncological renal pathologies, and analysis of its role in RCC diagnostics and prognosis.Materials and methods. 125 RCC (age 33—81 years), 14 — benign kidney neoplasms (29—84 years) patients, 90patients with chronic nephritis (28—82 years) and 68 practically healthy persons (18—71 years) were included in the study. Plasma KIM-1 content was measured using Human Serum TIM-1/KIM-1/HAVCR Quantikine® ELISA kit (R&D Systems Biotechne®, USA).Results. KIM-1 level in blood plasma of RCC and chronic nephritis patients was significantly higher than in control (medians 305, 282 and 37.8pg/ml respectively, p <0.0001). The rate of KIM-1 elevation over cut-offvalue 90pg/ml corresponding to the upper 95 % confidence interval of control in RCC patients comprised 79.2 %, in patients with nephritis — 83 %, in those with benign renal tumors — 50 %. Specificity in relation to healthy control was 96 %. KIM-1 level highly significantly increased with RCC progression, and already at stage I was 4.3-fold higher by median than in control (p <0.0001). Sensitivity of stage I—IIRCC detection at cut-off 90pg/ml comprised 75 %; stage III—IV — 94 %. The highest plasma KIM-1 levels were detected in papillary cancer patients (median 644pg/ml), that was more than 2-fold higher than in clear-cell and 32-fold higher than in chromophobic RCC. Plasma KIM-1 median level was 7-fold higher in patients with G3 4RCC than in those with G12 (p <0.0001). At the cut-off KIM-1 value of 163pg/ml, corresponding to the median at stage I, significant differences in 3.5-years overall survival both in the total group: 49 % at high, 95 % at low marker level (p <0.01), and at stage I RCC: 62 % and 100 % respectively (p <0.05) — were revealed.Conclusion. Plasma KIM-1 may become the first highly sensitive marker for the early detection of RCC, but it does not allow differentiating between oncologic and non-oncologic renal pathologies. Increased basal plasma KIM-1 is an unfavorable prognostic factor irrespective of the stage of tumor progression.
Agricultura tradicional e os sistemas econômicos quilombolas de Juçaral dos Pretos – Presidente Juscelino-MA
Authors: Damasceno Júnior Jackson Junior Bouéres , Furtado Marivânia Leonor Souza 
Published: February 2021

<p align="justify"><strong>RESUMO: </strong>O desenvolvimento possui distintos significados, variando entre o recurso a ser explorado para a sobrevivência ou para o acúmulo de capital de seus possuidores. No caso específico das comunidades tradicionais a exploração dos recursos naturais pelos quilombolas acontece de maneira harmônica, respeitando os limites impostos pela natureza, atualmente se constituindo em um potencial para o desenvolvimento rural. O grande diferencial é que os sistemas autóctones de produção de alimentos são caracterizados por serem limpos de agroquímicos, fator muito apreciado pela sociedade urbana atualmente. A relação econômica entre sociedade e natureza também é respeitosa, sendo evidenciadas práticas de comercialização pouco impactantes e que permitem a sua replicação, podendo neste caso específico discutir o conceito de moderno e atrasado. Por meio da reconstrução dos sistemas agrários e da metodologia da observação participante, esta pesquisa buscou compreender as relações das comunidades tradicionais com a natureza e de que forma a renda monetária é produzida observando também os impactos criados durante esta criação sem perder de vista as relações sociais baseados em práticas culturalmente construídas que é mais forte que a produção com o objetivo comercial.</p>
Processo de Ensino-Aprendizagem de Línguas e Interculturalidade na Formação de Professores Indígenas
Authors: Santos Jonise Nunes 
Published: February 2021

<p>O artigo aborda aspectos teórico-metodológicos no processo de desenvolvimento de disciplinas da área Letras e Artes, da Licenciatura em Formação de Professores Indígenas - FPI/Faculdade de Educação - FACED/Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM. Metodologicamente, utiliza-se da pesquisa documental para apresentar a estrutura da Licenciatura da FACED, da pesquisa bibliográfica para fundamentar os procedimentos metodológicos que conversam com as práticas docentes do Formador, cujo entendimento básico sobre as disciplinas relacionadas ao processo ensino-aprendizado de línguas deve seguir o princípio de que, em contextos plurilíngues e pluriculturais, “não é possível tomar como unidades básicas do processo de ensino os que decorrem de uma análise de estratos, letras/fonemas, sílabas, palavras, sintagmas, frases descontextualizados” (BRASIL, 1996, p. 23). Para tanto, utiliza-se como ponto de partida para atividades das disciplinas o conhecimento prévio dos alunos sobre a ementa, que são somados a textos teóricos, visando cumprir a interculturalidade, por ser um dos objetivos da Licenciatura FPI e um dos objetivos da Educação Escolar Indígena. Amplia-se a discussão na disciplina com adoção de procedimentos metodológicos que possam subsidiar as atividades do acadêmico durante o exercício da docência na escola indígena, assim, apropria-se da reflexões contidas na Pedagogia de Projetos, na Sequência Didática de Ensino, nas propostas de Freinet para o processo pedagógico e na transposição didática. Dessa forma, a oferta das disciplinas caracteriza-se também como momento para que o professor indígena reflita sobre sua prática pedagógica e sobre o atendimento às Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação Escolar Indígena, mediante o planejamento de ações, que o desafia a considerar os conhecimentos dos alunos e do povo nas ações da escola. Essa perspectiva de ensino busca ainda refletir sobre padrões fechados do processo ensino-aprendizagem, utilizados há séculos e só permitem uma interpretação, logo, negam a diversidade de leituras possíveis que se constrói na co-interação leitor-texto e conhecimentos indígenas.</p>
Public perceptions and experiences of the minor ailment service in community pharmacy in Scotland
Authors: Boag Lee , Maclure Katie , Boyter Anne , Cunningham Scott , Akram Gazala , McQuillan Harry , Stewart Derek 
Published: February 2021

Background: The Minor Ailment Service (MAS) in Scottish community pharmacy allows eligible people to gain improved access to care by providing free treatment for self-limiting conditions.
Objective: To determine the perceptions and experiences of individuals using MAS and to quantify the potential impact on usage of other healthcare services.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted of patients accessing MAS across Scotland during June and July 2018. Questionnaire items included reasons for choosing treatment through MAS, which other services they may have accessed had MAS not been available, experiences of consultation, overall satisfaction, and perceived effectiveness of treatment. Those accessing MAS were given a study pack including an information sheet, pre-piloted questionnaire, and pre-paid return envelope. Participants had the option to consent to an optional one-week follow up questionnaire that focused on perceived effectiveness of treatment after seven days and any further access to healthcare services such as general practice, emergency departments or repeat pharmacy visits.
Results: There were 1,121 respondents to the initial questionnaire. Most reported ‘convenient Location’ as the main reason for their access to community pharmacy (n=748; 67.1%). If MAS had not been available, 59% (n=655) of participants reported that they would have accessed general practice for treatment of their minor ailment. Experience of consultations was also rated highly with all ten outcome measures scoring ‘Excellent’ overall. Satisfaction was reported positively with most participants reporting full satisfaction with the overall experience (n=960; 87.2%). At one-week follow up, 327 participants responded, over 85% (n=281) did not require further access to care to treat their minor ailment and 99.7% (n=326) said they would use MAS again.
Conclusions: Positive perceptions and experiences of those using MAS demonstrate a highly regarded service in terms of satisfaction and experience of consultation. The capacity for MAS to impact on the use of higher-cost healthcare services is evidenced through the number of participants who reported these services as a point of access to care should community pharmacy not be available. This national evaluation demonstrates MAS to be a positively experienced service and outlines the factors determining access for treatment of minor ailments.
Zarys stosunków rolniczych Lubelszczyzny na przełomie XVIII i XIX wieku. Wieś i dwór u kresu państwa polskiego i w latach zaboru austriackiego
Authors: Przegaliński Andrzej 
Published: February 2021

Artykuł stanowi próbę opisu dziejów gospodarczych Lubelszczyzny postrzeganych przez pryzmat rolnictwa w schyłkowym okresie państwa polskiego i przede wszystkim w epoce zaboru austriackiego (1795-1809). Poruszana w tekście problematyka, poprzedzona rysującym szerszy kontekst polityczny Wprowadzeniem, koncentruje się wokół spraw związanych z kondycją gospodarczą ówczesnej wsi i dworu. Poza niezbędnymi komponentami dotyczącymi produkcji roślinnej i hodowli żywego inwentarza, w narracji uwzględniono także zagadnienia odnoszące się do położenia prawnego, charakterystyki społecznej i stanowej oraz ścisłych zależności między światami chłopskiej chałupy i szlacheckiego dworu. Artykuł o układzie chronologiczno-problemowym ma charakter syntetyczny zwieńczony zwięzłym Zakończeniem. Mam nadzieję, że w takiej postaci może on stanowić przyczynek do badań porównawczych uwzględniających obie Galicje (Starą i Nową) oraz pozostałe zabory na przełomie XVIII i XIX w. Poniższy tekst można też traktować jako źródło przystępnie podanej wiedzy, którą autor adresuje do szerszego grona Czytelników.
Praca dla Polski. Działalność niepodległościowa oraz udział Błażeja Stolarskiego w odbudowie struktur państwowych w latach 1914–1922
Authors: Perzyna Paweł 
Published: February 2021

Celem artykułu jest omówienie udziału Błażeja Stolarskiego w budowie zrębów niepodległej Rzeczypospolitej w okresie I wojny światowej i kadencji Sejmu Ustawodawczego, na trzech uzupełniających się płaszczyznach aktywności. Pierwsza odnosi się do działalności konspiracyjnej oraz rozwoju kariery politycznej i parlamentarnej Stolarskiego, członka Polskiej Organizacji Wojskowej, Tymczasowej Rady Stanu Królestwa Polskiego, ministra rolnictwa w rządzie Jędrzeja Moraczewskiego, a także prezesa Polskiego Stronnictwa Ludowego „Wyzwolenie” i szefa jego frakcji parlamentarnej. Drugi obszar jego zainteresowań, szczególnie istotny w momencie odbudowy tożsamości narodowej i instytucji suwerennego państwa, odnosi się do kwestii związanych z szerzeniem oświaty w społeczeństwie, tworzeniem na wsi szkół i bibliotek oraz rozwojem samorządu powiatowego. Trzecia sfera zaangażowania Błażeja Stolarskiego wiąże się z jego pracą w organizacjach społecznych i gospodarczych, w szczególności w Centralnym Związku Kółek Rolniczych. Aktywność na tym ostatnim polu miała głębszy państwowotwórczy podtekst, sprowadzający się do kształtowania wśród chłopów postaw przywiązania do niepodległej ojczyzny przy jednoczesnym zobowiązaniu ich do wypełniania obowiązków wobec państwa.
Divino Amore. Historia sanktuarium w zarysie i antropologiczny komentarz
Authors: Nowina-Sroczyńska Ewa , Zarębczan Władysław 
Published: February 2021

Artykuł stanowi kontynuację rekonesansu po małych, peryferyjnych, zapomnianych sanktuariach europejskich. Przedmiotem prezentacji jest sanktuarium Divino Amore we włoskim Castel di Leva położonym na obrzeżach Rzymu. Autorzy przedstawiają jego legendę etiologiczną, źródło ludowego ruchu pielgrzymkowego, złożone dzieje oraz współczesną egzystencję tego miejsca, łącząc w swojej narracji perspektywę historyka, etnografa, teologa i wnikliwego obserwatora aktów religijności. W kościelnych i pielgrzymich opowieściach o sanktuarium autorzy w krótkim antropologicznym komentarzu rozpoznają zarówno toposy dobrze znane z historii miejsc świętych, jak i elementy nietypowe.