bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Occupational Related Upper and Low Back Musculoskeletal Disorders in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mengistu Dechasa Adare , Demmu Yohannes Mulugeta 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Occupational related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a major public health problem and result in the growing demands of healthcare service utilization, causing temporary and permanent disability and reduced quality of life. In developing countries, particularly in Ethiopia, there is no adequate evidence on the overall prevalence of occupational-related MSDs and remains less prioritized and empirically unrepresented. Thus, this study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of occupational-related musculoskeletal disorders, particularly low and upper back musculoskeletal disorders in Ethiopia.Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis considered studies conducted in Ethiopia, written in the English language, and published from 2017-2020. The articles were searched using the following electronic databases such as Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, African Index Medicus, African Journals Online database, and Science direct using a combination of Boolean logic operators, Medical Subject Headings, and main keywords. Quality assessment of the articles was done using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools to determine the relevance of articles to the study.Results: The current study found the pooled prevalence of occupational-related upper back pain and low back pain in the previous one year was 27.1% [95% of CI: 18.4, 37.9%] and 54.2% [95% of CI: 48.2, 60.0%] respectively. However, the pooled prevalence of occupational-related upper back pain in the previous one year after subgroup analysis based on publication year, study population, and study area was 43.8% [95% of CI: 39.3, 47.7%], 34.7%[95% of CI: 33.1, 36.2%] and 36.2% [95% of CI: 33.6, 39.0%] respectively while the pooled prevalence of occupational-related low back pain in previous one year based on subgroup analysis by publication year, study population, and study area was 61.8% [95% of CI: 58.9, 64.6%], 52.8% [95% of CI: 51.3, 54.3%] and 55.2% [95% of CI: 51.4, 59.0%] respectively.Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis found that, more than half of the included study participants were experienced low back pain in the previous year, whereas more than one-fourth of the included participants were experienced upper back pain. Thus, applying occupational health and safety practices in the working environment plays an important role in reducing work-related MSDs and other occupational hazards.
Long-Term Prognosis after Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Colorectal Tumors in Patients Aged Over 80 Years
Authors: Nishimura Tomoyuki , Oka Shiro , Tanaka Shinji , Kamigaichi Yuki , Tamari Hirosato , Shimohara Yasutsugu , Okamoto Yuki , Inagaki Katsuaki , Matsumoto Kenta , Tanaka Hidenori , Yamashita Ken , Ninomiya Yuki , Kitadai Yasuhiko , Arihiro Koji , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: In Japan, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is standardized for large colorectal tumors. However, its validity in the elderly population is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ESD for colorectal tumors in elderly patients aged over 80 years.Methods: ESD was performed on 178 tumors in 165 consecutive patients aged over 80 years between December 2008 and December 2018. We retrospectively evaluated the clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes of ESD. We also assessed the prognosis of 160 patients followed up for more than 12 months.Results: The mean patient age was 83.7+3.1 years. The number of patients with comorbidities was 100 (62.5%). Among all patients, 106 (64.2%) were categorized as class 1 or 2 according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists classification of physical status (ASA-PS), and 59 (35.8%) were classified as class 3. The mean procedure time was 97.7±79.3 minutes. The rate of histological en bloc resection was 93.8% (167/178). Delayed bleeding in 11 cases (6.2%) and perforation in 7 cases (3.9%) were treated conservatively. The 5-year survival rate was 89.9%. No deaths from primary disease (mean follow-up time: 35.3+27.5 months) were observed. Overall survival rates were significantly lower in the non-curative resection group that did not undergo additional surgery than in the curative resection group (P=0.0152) and non-curative group that underwent additional surgery (P=0.0259). Overall survival rates were higher for ASA-PS class 1 or 2 patients than class 3 patients (P=0.0105). Metachronous tumors (>5 mm) developed in 9.4% of patients. Conclusions: ESD for colorectal tumors in patients aged over 80 years is safe. Colorectal cancer-associated deaths were prevented regardless of ASA-PS although comorbidities pose a high risk of poor prognosis.
A Bio-inspired and Low-power 2D Machine Vision with Adaptive Machine Learning and Forgetting
Authors: Dodda Akhil , Jayachandran Darsith , Radhakrishnan Shiva Subbulakshmi , Das Saptarshi 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Natural intelligence has many dimensions, and in animals, learning about the environment and making behavioral changes are some of its manifestations. In primates vision plays a critical role in learning. The underlying biological neural networks contain specialized neurons and synapses which not only sense and process the visual stimuli but also learns and adapts, with remarkable energy efficiency. Forgetting also plays an active role in learning. Mimicking the adaptive neurobiological mechanisms for seeing, learning, and forgetting can, therefore, accelerate the development of artificial intelligence (AI) and bridge the massive energy gap that exists between AI and biological intelligence. Here we demonstrate a bio-inspired machine vision based on large area grown monolayer 2D phototransistor array integrated with analog, non-volatile, and programmable memory gate-stack that not only enables direct learning, and unsupervised relearning from the visual stimuli but also offers learning adaptability under photopic (bright-light), scotopic (low-light), as well as noisy illumination conditions at miniscule energy expenditure. In short, our “all-in-one” hardware vision platform combines “sensing”, “computing” and “storage” not only to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck of conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology but also to eliminate the need for peripheral circuits and sensors.
The Impact of Inpatient Endoscopy in the Management of Anticoagulant-Associated Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleed
Authors: Abdallah Abdallah , Smith Christopher , Baker Hayes , Tucker Chris , Coffey Todd , Smith Dantwan , Burcham Kaycee , Arshad Waqaar , Ramirez Raul , Moore Brandon , Duran Adriano , Shah Neil 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients on systemic anticoagulation are at increased risk for gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). Guidelines recommend endoscopy within 24 hours for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Unfortunately, lack of resources and/or gastroenterologists in small, community centers limit the ability to perform timely endoscopy. Conservative management is used in this setting with delayed or outpatient endoscopy, specifically in those who respond to medical therapy. There is minimal data on the outcomes of patients managed in this fashion.Objective: To compare outcomes of patients on systemic anticoagulation who present with non-variceal upper GIB in a small community hospital.Design: We conducted a retrospective cohort chart review.Participants: 115 adult patients who met the inclusion criteria for non-variceal upper GIB on systemic anticoagulation. Excluded patients were those on dual antiplatelet therapy, history of decompensated cirrhosis, variceal bleeds, active GIB identified on imaging (defined as contrast extravasation on CT angiogram or positive tagged RBC nuclear scan), and those with gastrointestinal malignancy.Interventions: Resuscitative medical therapy (MT) alone vs inpatient endoscopy with resuscitative MT.Main Measures: Outcomes included red blood cell (RBC) transfusions, re-admission for GIB, and 30-day all-cause mortality. Sub-group analysis was also performed based on endoscopy timeline and anticoagulation type.Key Results: Patient in MT group required less RBC transfusions compared to endoscopy group (1.4 vs 2.5 average units, [95% CI 1.01-1.87]; P=0.004). There was no statistical significance for re-admission for gastrointestinal bleeding or mortality between both groups. Moreover, there was no significant difference in RBC transfusions based on EGD timing. Most patients were on warfarin (n=47) and there were no differences in re-admission for GIB or mortality based on anticoagulant use.Conclusion: Our study suggests that there is no significant therapeutic benefits to inpatient endoscopy in comparison to medical management alone in anticoagulated patients who present with non-variceal UGIB.
Weaning and Extubation Assisted With Conversational Hypnosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wormser Johan , Romanet Christophe , Philippart François , Bellaïche Aurel 
Published: February 2021

Abstract
Background: Patients admitted in intensive care units often receive mechanical ventilation. Prior to extubation, the weaning process could be a major cause of dyspnea and anxiety in awake intubated patients. Hypnotherapy is nowadays commonly used to manage anxiety and pain. Our hypothesis is that hypnosis would decrease stress during the weaning and extubation process.Methods: This systematic review follows PRISMA Guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020171445). Web of Science, MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched between 02/23/20 and 03/11/20. We included all types of interventional trials assessing hypnotherapy for intubated patients whom were undergoing the weaning process or extubation. Two of the authors independently screened studies, extracted data and assessed risk of bias from identified trials.Results: One study fulfilled our selection. This case series included 2 patients. Eleven sessions were completed. Hypnotherapy decreased anxiety during the weaning process from a median of 1 point (Interquartile Range: 1.0-2.5). Increase in oxygen saturation is also reported. There was no evidence of neither an anxiety reduction or an oxygen saturation improvement. This is due to the scarcity of publication and the methodological design of the one selected study.Conclusions: We cannot conclude whether or not hypnosis could be recommended in the weaning process of intubated patients. Further studies are needed to assess hypnosis effects.
Protein Aggregation and Self Assembly in Health and Disease
Authors: Basak Ajoy , Basak Sarmistha 
Published: February 2021

:
Self-attachment of proteins leading to the formation of highly insoluble protein oligomers and aggregates has become an important focus of research owing to its diverse implications in pathophysiology and diseases. This has become a more frequent phenomenon in most neurological and neurodegenerative diseases as well as in dementia. In recent years such event of protein aggregation has linked to other disease conditions, disorders or adverse health conditions. Interestingly, aggregation of protein also plays role in development, growth or metabolism. Most often physiological proteins are initially bio-synthesised in native or nascent geometrical forms or conformations but later they undergo specific folding pattern and thereby acquire a stable configuration that is biologically relevant and active. It is highly important that these proteins remain in their biologically active configuration in order to exert their functional properties. Any alteration or change to this structural configuration can be detrimental to their specific functions and may cause pathological consequences leading to the onset of diseases or disorders. Several factors such as the action of chaperones, binding partners, physiological metal ions, pH level, temperature, ionic strength, interfacial exposure (solid-liquid, liquid-liquid, gas-liquid), mutation and post translational modification, chemical changes, interaction with small molecules such as lipids, hormones, etc. and solvent environment have been either identified or proposed as important factors in conferring the ultimate status of protein structure and configuration.
Among many misfolding protein conformations, self-assembly or aggregation is the most significant. It leads to the formation of highly oligomeric self-aggregates that precipitate and interfere with many biochemical processes with serious pathological consequences. The most common implication of protein aggregation leading to the formation of deposits / plaques of various morphological types is the onset of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases that include Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington, ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), CJD (Creutzfeldt Jakob Dementia), Prion diseases, Amyloidosis and other forms of dementia. However increasingly studies revealed that protein aggregation may also be associated with other diseases such as cancer, type 2 diabetes, renal, corneal and cardiovascular diseases. Protein aggregation diseases are now considered as part of “Proteinopathy” which refers to conditions where proteins become structurally abnormal or fail to fold into stable normal configurations. In this review, we reflect on various aspects of protein self-aggregation, potential underlying causes, mechanism, role of secondary structures, pathological consequences and possible intervention strategies as reported in published literatures.
Fresh or Frozen Embryo Selection in Embryo Transfer: Live Birth Rates and Obstetric and Fetal/Neonatal Results
Authors: Kirca Nurcan , Öngen Meryem 
Published: February 2021

:Assisted reproductive techniques used in the treatment of infertility have been promising methods for infertile individuals. Embryo selection and embryo transfer are an important part of assisting reproductive techniques. The selection of the embryo to be transferred is important for the implantation and clinical pregnancy success. In addition, whether to use a fresh embryo or frozen embryo for embryo transfer is a controversial issue. While the fresh embryo transfer technique is widely used, the frozen embryo transfer technique has become widespread. The main factor in choosing the method of freezing the embryos is to avoid the negative effects of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation on endometrial receptivity. Therefore, it is thought that the use of frozen embryos can improve pregnancy outcomes and reduce the risk of developing obstetric and perinatal problems. However, in the embryo freezing technique, there are problems such as the risk of developing degeneration in the embryo during freezing or thawing process and postponing the transfer. In addition, adverse conditions have been reported such as an increased risk of developing hypertensive disorders in the mother and macrosomia in the baby.
The Calibration Method of a Stereo-Vision-Based Coordinates Measurement
System via a Two-Axis Turntable--The Combination of Stereo Vision
and Turntable
Authors: Zhang Zimiao , Wang Zhiwu , Zhang Shihai , Fu Anqi 
Published: February 2021

Background:
Stereo-vision-based three-dimensional coordinates measurement technology
has been widely applied in the military or civil fields. There are two problems that need to be solved.
The first problem is that each camera’s internal parameters and the two cameras' external parameters
need to be calibrated. To increase the measurement range, usually, the turntable is used with the stereo
vision system together. The second problem is the calibration of the turntable.

Objective:
The aim of the study is to construct and calibrate a stereo-vision-based coordinates measurement
system via a two-axis turntable.

Methods:
Considering that the internal parameters of each camera do not change during the measurement
process and the complicated optimization process of one-step self-calibration, a two-step stereo
vision calibration method is proposed. In the first step, we calibrate the internal parameters of each
camera through a specially designed planar target with circular points. In the second step, on the basis
of the calibrated results of the internal parameters, the two cameras' external parameters are calibrated
through a simple target which could be distributed in the measurement volume. For the calibration of
the two-axis turntable, we calibrated the rotation axes of the turntable and the coordinates of points in
the 3D space could be measured considering the non-orthogonality of the axes.

Results:
Some experiments are provided to examine the calibration methods we proposed. They are the
plane target measurement experiments; the standard ball center coordinates measurement experiments
and target pose measurement experiments. Experiment results demonstrate the superiority of the calibration
method we proposed.

Conclusion:
We studied the calibration methods of the stereo-vision-based coordinates measurement
system via a two-axis turntable. The experimental results show the measurement accuracy of our system
is less than 0.1mm.
Principales desafíos y oportunidades de los sistemas de Internet de las cosas médicas - IoMT
Authors: Gomez Gomez Jorge 
Published: February 2021

En la actualidad hay millones de dispositivos IoT que utilizan las personas para la atención médica. Un IoT con dispositivos médicos se le conoce también como Internet de las cosas médicas (Internet of Medical Things - IoMT). Existen diversas aplicaciones IoMT como (Gómez et al., 2016; Alsubaei, et al., 2019; Basatneh et al.,2018; Nayyar et al., 2019; Pustokhina et al., 2019) entre otras. Los escenarios donde se utiliza esta tecnología son: asistencia a signos vitales de pacientes; monitoreo de información sanitaria; monitoreo en la ingesta de alimentos; monitoreo de señalepatológicas y fisiológicas; asistencia al personal sanitario; autogestión, bienestar y prevención; seguimiento de enfermedades entre otras.
Usability and Accuracy of a Smartwatch for the Assessment of Physical Activity in the Elderly Population: Observational Study
Authors: Martinato Matteo , Lorenzoni Giulia , Zanchi Tommaso , Bergamin Alessia , Buratin Alessia , Azzolina Danila , Gregori Dario 
Published: February 2021

Background
Regular physical activity (PA) contributes to the primary and secondary prevention of several chronic diseases and reduces the risk of premature death. Physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a variety of chronic disorders such as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, bone and joint diseases (eg, osteoporosis and osteoarthritis), depression, and colon and breast cancer. Population aging and the related increase in chronic diseases have a major impact on the health care systems of most Western countries and will produce an even more significant effect in the future. Monitoring PA is a valuable method of determining whether people are performing enough PA so as to prevent chronic diseases or are showing early symptoms of those diseases.

Objective
The aim of this study was to estimate the accuracy of wearable devices in quantifying the PA of elderly people in a real-life setting.

Methods
Participants aged 70 to 90 years with the ability to walk safely without any walking aid for at least 300 meters, who had no walking disabilities or episodes of falling while walking in the last 12 months, were asked to walk 150 meters at their preferred pace wearing a vívoactive HR device (Garmin Ltd) and actual steps were monitored and tallied by a researcher using a hand-tally counter to assess the performance of the device at a natural speed. A Bland-Altman plot was used to analyze the difference between manually counted steps and wearable device–measured steps. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was computed (with a 95% confidence interval) between step measurements. The generalized linear mixed-model (GLMM) ICCs were estimated, providing a random effect term (random intercept) for the individual measurements (gold standard and device). Both adjusted and conditional ICCs were computed for the GLMM models considering separately the effect of age, sex, BMI, and obesity. Analyses were performed using R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing) with the rms package.

Results
A total of 23 females and 26 males were enrolled in the study. The median age of the participants was 75 years. The Bland-Altman plot revealed that, excluding one observation, all differences across measurements were in the confidence bounds, demonstrating the substantial agreement between the step count measurements. The results were confirmed by an ICC equal to .98 (.96-.99), demonstrating excellent agreement between the two sets of measurements.

Conclusions
The level of accuracy of wearable devices in quantifying the PA of elderly people in a real-life setting that was found in this study supports the idea of considering wrist-wearable nonmedical devices (widely available in nonspecialized stores) as reliable tools. Both health care professionals and informal caregivers could monitor the level of PA of their patients.
Smoking Cessation Using Wearable Sensors: Protocol for a Microrandomized Trial
Authors: Hernandez Laura M , Wetter David W , Kumar Santosh , Sutton Steven K , Vinci Christine 
Published: February 2021

Background
Cigarette smoking has numerous health consequences and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Mindfulness has the ability to enhance resilience to stressors and can strengthen an individual’s ability to deal with discomfort, which may be particularly useful when managing withdrawal and craving to smoke.

Objective
This study aims to evaluate feasibility results from an intervention that provides real-time, real-world mindfulness strategies to a sample of racially and ethnically diverse smokers making a quit attempt.

Methods
This study uses a microrandomized trial design to deliver mindfulness-based strategies in real time to individuals attempting to quit smoking. Data will be collected via wearable sensors, a study smartphone, and questionnaires filled out during the in-person study visits.

Results
Recruitment is complete, and data management is ongoing.

Conclusions
The data collected during this feasibility trial will provide preliminary findings about whether mindfulness strategies delivered in real time are a useful quit smoking aid that warrants additional investigation.

Trial Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03404596; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03404596

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
DERR1-10.2196/22877