bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thoughts on Pain. Friedrich Nietzsche and Human Suffering
Authors: Scolari Paolo 
Published: January 2021

In Nietzsche the autobiographical theme of disease has at its core the philosophical problem of pain. While he reflects daily on the actual condition of the ill person, Nietzsche oscillates the man like a pendulum. He defines him as ‘the most melancholic and most happy animal who suffers so profoundly that he must invent laughter’, as ‘the ill animal’ but also ‘the most courageous and most used to pain’. Nietzsche seems to be entertained no end by playing around with these definitions, almost as if he is making fun of Aristotle.
It is in fact these two later quotations from the Genealogy that go on to construct the tracks on which his reflections on badness and suffering will move, marking out the area in which the decisive ‘match’ of the health of humanity is discussed. The first displays a Nietzsche who is always tranchant and blazing in its ability to conjure up the humanity of humans in few words. The highlight of the determinate article is original (‘the ill animal’) and shows that man is a unique animal who can define himself as being ill. The second suggests the image of a human being who tolerates pain with courage, arriving, just thanks to this journey of pain, to embark on a voyage leading to internal transformation.
Nietzsche’s lifelong illness was what prompted him to develop the philosophical problem of pain and its relationship with thought. Taking advantage of his condition as a constant sufferer, Nietzsche strived to understand which directions human thought is able to take whenever it is ‘subjected to the pressure of evil’. The first is a hypocritical direction, represented by man’s attempts to remove pain from his life. Nietzsche denounces all justifications made for the purpose of providing at all costs a meaning for suffering, and which converge with the modern welfare society that dares to fashion mankind ‘without evil’. The other direction, however, is that of those who are not afraid to listen to suffering. Reflecting on his own personal situation, Nietzsche outlines the traits of human beings who reach out towards the mystery of existence and, shaken by the experience of pain, come to abandon their certainties and adopt a more critical view of themselves.
‘Every man is a medical history’, recites a posthumous fragment. Certainly, Nietzsche himself is the first to notice ‘his own story is the story of an illness and also of a healing’ – and this is not only true for him but for everyone who experiences suffering up close. This experience of pain – so intimate that it seems difficult to express in words – does not cause one to be locked up inside of oneself but rather serves to introduce a discussion on one’s subjectivity and as an occasion for a moral adventure into the profundities of one’s existence.
Modern system approach to the diagnosis, therapy and rehabilitation of mental disorders
Authors: Mitikhin Vyacheslav , Solokhina Tatyana , Tiumenkova Galina 
Published: January 2021

Introduction The current stage of research on mental disorders is associated with the use of system approaches to the development of the scientific foundations of psychiatric care.

Objectives Approach to solving problems that arise in the diagnosis of psychopathological conditions, assessing their severity, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of psychosocial treatment and rehabilitation.

Methods Clinical, psychometric, system analysis methods and algorithms of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) [1] were used.

Results When assessing a patient's condition and behavior, it is necessary to make decisions (diagnosis, development of treatment and rehabilitation plans) based on heterogeneous information (genetic, neuronal and environmental, involving individual characteristics, as well as family and social context). This information is hierarchically organized and includes quantitative and qualitative data.
Exposure at each of these different levels can affect the onset and course of the disease, and therefore should be considered in primary prevention and subsequent psychosocial therapy and rehabilitation of patients.
Analysis of the problems of assessing psychopathological states and related psychosocial problems shows that these problems can be presented in the form of appropriate hierarchies, the structure of which must be taken into account when processing the initial information. The main advantages of the AHP include the use of the relationship scale (fundamental scale) for processing heterogeneous data based on expert, clinical information.

Conclusions The approach provides correct integration of heterogeneous characteristics when considering diagnostic procedures, psychosocial therapy and rehabilitation.1. Mitikhin V.G., Solokhina T.A. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 2019, 2: 49-54. doi:10.17116/jnevro201911902149
Persistent Villous Atrophy in De Novo Adult Patients With Celiac Disease and Strict Control of Gluten-Free Diet Adherence: A Multicenter Prospective Study (CADER Study)
Authors: Fernández-Bañares Fernando , Beltrán Belén , Salas Antonio , Comino Isabel , Ballester-Clau Raquel , Ferrer Carme , Molina-Infante Javier , Rosinach Mercé , Modolell Inés , Rodríguez-Moranta Francisco , Arau Beatriz , Segura Verónica , Fernández-Salazar Luis , Santolaria Santos , Esteve Maria , Sousa Carolina ,   on behalf of the CADER study group
Published: January 2021

INTRODUCTION:
A substantial proportion of adult patients with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet exhibit persistent villous atrophy, and inadvertent gluten exposure may be one of the causes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate villous atrophy persistence after 2 years on a gluten-free diet in de novo adult patients with celiac disease with strict control of gluten exposure.

METHODS:
Symptomatic de novo adult patients with celiac disease were prospectively included. Clinical visits and dietary surveillance were scheduled every 6 months during a 2-year follow-up period. At each visit, fecal samples were collected and stored at −20 °C until analysis for gluten immunogenic peptides (f-GIPs). A follow-up duodenal biopsy was performed at 2 years. We evaluated the variables associated with persistent villous atrophy.

RESULTS:
Seventy-six patients completed the study (36.5 ± 1.6 years, 73% women); persistent villous atrophy was observed in 40 (53%), whereas 72.5% were asymptomatic and 75% had negative serology. Detectable f-GIP >0.08 μg/g in at least 1 fecal sample was seen in 69% of patients. There were no significant differences in the median f-GIP at each visit and median area under the curve over the serial measurements between patients with persistent villous atrophy and those who recovered. On multivariate analysis, only older age was associated with persistent villous atrophy (32% for 16–30 years; 67% for >30 years; P = 0.016).

DISCUSSION:
The rate of persistent villous atrophy after 2 years was high in adult patients with celiac disease on an intentionally strict gluten-free diet. Low-level ongoing inadvertent gluten exposure could be a contributing factor to persistent villous atrophy.
BMO and the John-Nirenberg Inequality on Measure Spaces
Authors: Dafni Galia , Gibara Ryan , Lavigne Andrew 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We study the space BMO𝒢 (𝕏) in the general setting of a measure space 𝕏 with a fixed collection 𝒢 of measurable sets of positive and finite measure, consisting of functions of bounded mean oscillation on sets in 𝒢. The aim is to see how much of the familiar BMO machinery holds when metric notions have been replaced by measure-theoretic ones. In particular, three aspects of BMO are considered: its properties as a Banach space, its relation with Muckenhoupt weights, and the John-Nirenberg inequality. We give necessary and sufficient conditions on a decomposable measure space 𝕏 for BMO𝒢 (𝕏) to be a Banach space modulo constants. We also develop the notion of a Denjoy family 𝒢, which guarantees that functions in BMO𝒢 (𝕏) satisfy the John-Nirenberg inequality on the elements of 𝒢.
Pointwise Multipliers on Weak Morrey Spaces
Authors: Kawasumi Ryota , Nakai Eiichi 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We consider generalized weak Morrey spaces with variable growth condition on spaces of homogeneous type and characterize the pointwise multipliers from a generalized weak Morrey space to another one. The set of all pointwise multipliers from a weak Lebesgue space to another one is also a weak Lebesgue space. However, we point out that the weak Morrey spaces do not always have this property just as the Morrey spaces not always.
Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) Dan Pidana Denda Dalam Rangka Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Pandemi Coronavirus Disease (Covid)-19
Authors: Kartono Kartono 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe trend of the spread of Coronavirus (Covid)-19 which continues to soar has an impact on society for health, peace and safety of the soul. Public awareness and compliance with laws and regulations and the government's call for a Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) policy are important not to be violated or ignored. The application of criminal sanctions for fines is an alternative sanction in law enforcement so that people are deterred, educated and as a means of government social control. The research method is normative juridical supported by empirical research using secondary data in the form of books, legislation and the internet. Type of qualitative research. The results of the study concluded that the government must be firm in applying criminal sanctions and criminal fines as an alternative to making people deterrent, educated and as a means of social control Keywords: PSBB, Criminal Fines, Prevention.
Strategi Fundraising Zakat Pasca Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Nurhidayat Nurhidayat 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn January 2020, the world was rocked by a corona virus outbreak, the virus first appeared in Wuhan City in China. The impact is not only China that feels other countries including Indonesia feel the shake. The impact caused by the corona virus is multidimensional social, economic, political, educational, and health. For the corona virus zakat institution, it has an impact on the collection of zakat. The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze new strategies in collecting zakat in Indonesia. The approach used in this paper is descriptive qualitative. The main data source of this paper is information in various media about the fundraising strategy of zakat institutions which we limit Baznas, Dompet Dhuafa, Lazismu and Lazisnu. The conclusion of this paper is that zakat institutions in Indonesia (Baznas and LAZ) currently still integrate the collection manually and digitally. Both of these strategies are still a mainstay, it is adjusted to the muzaki segmentation.Keywords: Strategy, Fundraising, Zakat, Post-Pandemic AbstrakBulan Januari 2020, dunia diguncang wabah virus corona, virus tersebut pertama kali muncul di Kota Wuhan China. Dampaknya tidak hanya negara China yang merasakan negara-negara lainpun termasuk Indonesia merasakan guncang tersebut. Dampak yang ditimbulkan virus corona bersifat multidimensional sosial, ekonomi, politik, pendidikan, dan kesehatan. Bagi institusi zakat virus corona ini berdampak terhadap penghimpunan zakat. Oleh sebab itu pasca pandemi institusi zakat harus melakukan inovasi dalam penghimpunan zakat. Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis bagaimana strategi baru dalam penghimpunan zakat di Indonesia. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Adapun sumber data utama tulisan ini adalah informasi di berbagai media mengenai strategi fundraising zakat institusi zakat yang kami batasi Baznas, Dompet Dhuafa, Lazismu dan Lazisnu. Kesimpulan dari tulisan ini adalah bahwa institusi zakat di Indonesia (Baznas maupun LAZ) saat ini masih mengintegrasikan penghimpunan secara manual dan digital. Kedua strtategi ini masih menjadi andalan, hal tersebut disesuaikan dengan segmentasi muzaki. Kata Kunci: Strategi, Fundraising, Zakat, Pasca Pandemi
THE INFLUENCE OF FOREIGN TOURISM FLOWS ON THE BULGARIAN INDUSTRY
Authors: Genchev E. 
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The tourism industry is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the world economy. The tourism industry is a very important economic factor for many countries in the world, including Bulgaria.
The purpose of the present study was to examine the trends in foreign tourism flows in Bulgaria within the period 2008 – 2018, as well as their influence on the structure of the tourism industry.
The tasks established by the author go in several directions:
1.	Analysis of the trends in the foreign tourism flow in Bulgaria;
2.	Measuring tourism’s contribution to the economy, as well as its effect to the industry’s structure.
Material and methods:Data were obtained from Eurostat, the National Statistics Institute, and the World Council of Travel and Tourism, and analysis was by least squares multiple regression.
Results:The total effect on the tourist industry in our country is greater than the average for the EU – more than 11%.
Conclusion: Our research hypothesis that the tourist flow of people who are not citizens of the EU had a beneficial effect on the number of enterprises and employment rates within the “accommodation activities” sector was supported.
Inseguridad alimentaria y desarrollo humano predicen la incidencia de cáncer colorectal en Colombia: Estudio ecológico.
Authors: Herran Oscar Fernando , Alvarez Diana C. , Fuentes-Sandoval Carlos 
Published: January 2021

Introducción. La inseguridad alimentaria (INSA) ha sido asociada a la generación de enfermedad crónica y como barrera en el tratamiento del cáncer. Ante la ausencia de estudios, establecimos a nivel ecológico la relación entre INSA y la tasa de incidencia de cáncer de colon, recto y ano x 100.000 habitantes (ICCRA). Objetivo. El objetivo fue establecer el grado de asociación entre la inseguridad alimentaria y la tasa de incidencia de cáncer colorrectal x 100.000 habitantes. Métodos y Materiales. Estudio ecológico realizado con información secundaria que producen regularmente las agencias del estado y que miden el nivel de desarrollo humano, social y económico en el territorio en las 33 unidades geodemográficas que conforman a Colombia. Utilizando regresión lineal múltiple con la ICCRA como la variable dependiente, la INSA como principal explicatoria y otras variables del contexto, establecimos la relación entre INSA y la ICCRA y ecuaciones predictivas de la ICCRA por sexo. La bondad de ajuste en los modelos se garantizó mediante el coeficiente de determinación (R2) y el método de Bland y Almant. Resultados. La INSA se relaciona de manera inversa y el IDH de manera directa con la ICCRA. Dos ecuaciones predicen la ICCRA; En hombres, [ICCRA=-6,38+-0,25*INSA+35,5*IDH]. En Mujeres, [ICCRA=6,47+-0,23*INSA+19,1*IDH]. El coeficiente de determinación R2 (%) en hombres es de 88 y en mujeres de 72. La diferencia media entre ICCRA observada versus la estimada fue de -0,00 en hombres (IC95%: -3,13 a 3,13), y en mujeres de -0,00 (IC95%: -4,08 a 4,08). Conclusión. La INSA puede estar en la vía causal de la ICCRA. La INSA y el IDH predicen con precisión la ICCRA. Results: Food insecurity is related in an inverse manner, and the human development Index is directly related to colorectal cancer. Two equations predict colorectal cancer with precision; Men, [colorectal-cancer = -6.38 + -0.25 * food-insecurity + 35.5 * human development Index]. Women, [colorectal-cancer = 6.47 + -0.23 * food-insecurity + 19.1* human development index]. The average difference between colorectal cancer observed versus the estimated, was -0.00 in men (95% CI: -3.13 to 3.13), and in women of -0.00 (95% CI: -4.08 to 4.08). Conclusion: Food insecurity may be in the causal pathway of colorectal cancer. Food insecurity and the human development Index predict colorectal cancer.
ENEMDU Ecuador: Estudio cuantitativo de la percepción de la Seguridad y Salud, junio del 2018
Authors: Escobar Segovia Kenny Fernando , Alcívar-Zambrano Darío -Javier , Espinoza-Centeno Ana -María , Arteaga-García María -Elizabeth 
Published: January 2021

Introducción: A partir de la Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo (ENEMDU), realizada por el Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos de Ecuador (INEC) en junio 2018, que representa uno de los instrumentos estadísticos más importantes para conocer la situación laboral en el país, se realiza el presente estudio, cuyo objetivo es describir y analizar la percepción de la seguridad y salud, asociadas a características socio-demográficas y laborales en Ecuador. Metodología: consistió en una investigación de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, se aplicó un muestreo probabilístico siendo 28636 personas las que cumplen con la condición de estar laborando actualmente; se utilizó software SPSS para el desarrollo de frecuencias absolutas y relativas y cálculo de prueba chi-cuadrado. Resultados: el 3,7 % de los encuestados afirman que se les ha realizado un examen pre-ocupacional y el 7,2 % afirman que se les ha realizado un examen periódico; a su vez el 42 % ha sido informado sobre los riesgos en su trabajo y el 14 % ha sido capacitado sobre el riesgo al que está expuesto; Discusión: lo que indica un déficit de la Gestión de Seguridad y Salud a nivel nacional. Conclusión: lo que pone en manifiesto la necesidad de identificar los factores de riesgos laborales y su impacto en la salud, que en conjunto a registros oficiales permitan conocer las realidades de las organizaciones para establecer nuevas políticas de seguridad y salud en el país.
¿Qué comemos? Análisis de la relación entre condiciones socioeconómicas y productos alimentarios de los hogares colombianos
Authors: Torres-Pabon Giselle 
Published: January 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar los productos que consumen los hogares colombianos, a partir de sus condiciones socioeconómicas. La metodología utilizada es cuantitativa: 1. Análisis descriptivo y 2. Análisis de Cluster, enlace Ward. Para esto se utilizará la encuesta de Presupuestos de los Hogares, realizada por el Departamento Nacional de Estadística colombiano para el año 2017. La hipótesis que guía este artículo es: los productos alimenticios que consumen los hogares son diferentes entre sí, dadas sus características socioeconómicas. Los resultados evidencian dos grandes grupos de tipologías de hogares: aquellos que consumen alimentos principalmente por fuera del hogar o productos ya preparados; y aquellos hogares que distribuyen su presupuesto del hogar en alimentos para preparar. Y dentro de aquellos hogares que gasta su presupuesto alimentario en alimentos para preparar, se encontraron 3 principales grupos. Los resultados evidencian estratificación social y cambios en las prácticas alimentarias de los hogares colombianos.
Acceso de mujeres en embarazo, parto y post parto a servicios de salud según clase social
Authors: Bedoya Libia- Amparo , Agudelo-Suárez Andrés A. , Restrepo-Ochoa Diego A. 
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: comprender el acceso que tienen las mujeres en situación de embarazo, parto y post parto a los servicios de salud según la clase social en Bogotá (Colombia). Métodos: estudio cualitativo. Perspectiva hermenéutica crítica. Método etnografía crítica. Muestreo teórico. Análisis por triangulación en Atlas Ti. Participaron 9 mujeres y 8 profesionales de la salud. Se realizaron 38 entrevistas a profundidad durante 13 meses y 62 acompañamientos a las maternas en las actividades de control prenatal, vacunación, trabajo de parto, consulta post parto, exámenes de seguimiento, curso pisco profiláctico, hospitalización y sala de espera, tanto en servicios públicos como privados. Resultados: existen desigualdades según la clase social en el acceso que tienen las mujeres a los servicios de salud en los siguientes aspectos: acceso a servicio a especialistas, hacer la fila para esperar la atención, la disponibilidad de citas y agenda para programar la cita, perder la cita habiendo llegado al servicio, la prioridad que le dan las instituciones a las maternas, madrugar para conseguir atención, pedir la cita, las condiciones de la espera y elegir la clínica o el personal. Conclusiones: es importante construir organizaciones que acompañen a las mujeres en EPP que deseen conocer sus derechos y hacerlos valer en los servicios de salud. Se requiere disminuir las desigualdades sociales para mejorar las inequidades en salud.
Rafael DE LORENZO GARCÍA y Luis Cayo PÉREZ BUENO, Fundamentos del Derecho de la Discapacidad
Authors: De Asís Rafael 
Published: January 2021

Este artículo reseña: Rafael DE LORENZO GARCÍA y Luis Cayo PÉREZ BUENOFundamentos del Derecho de la Discapacidad ,Aranzadi, Pamplona 2020, 503 pp.
Kajian Pengembangan Web HyLearn oleh Dosen Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Authors: QD Adjmal , Kustandi Cecep , Imbar Kunto 
Published: January 2021

Adjmal. The studies of Hylearn web-based development by the lecturers of Faculty of Education Science Universitas Negeri Jakarta
This research aims to observe the development studies that has been implemented by the lecturers of faculty of education science Universitas Negeri Jakarta. This research uses the instrument in the form of questionare as a tools to gather the data which used TPACK approach. This research uses TPACK’s framework with the IDL version that consist of 4 aspects
(1) Technological aspect (2) Pedagogy technological aspect (3) Content technological aspect (4) Content of pedagogy technological aspect
The results are explained based on the used framwork as following (1) Tecnological aspect, a half of (50%) lecturers are able to use Hylear web based for teaching needs (2) Pedagogy technological aspect, more than a half of (54%) lecturers are able to improve the knowledge of teaching’s methods as well as the students (3) Content Technological aspect, more than a half of (60%) lecturers are able to implement instructional’s principle design for the content that’s made, choosen, or used (4) Content of pedagogy technological aspect, more than (60%) lecturers are able to create online learning course that’s effective and efficient with combining the content, technology, and appropriate instructional method.