bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of ambient lighting during colonoscopy and its effect on adenoma detection rate and eye fatigue: results of a pilot study
Authors: Hoff Ryan T. , Mazulis Andrew , Doniparthi Meghana , Munis Assad , Rivelli Anne , Lakha Asif , Ehrenpreis Eli 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackground and study aims Adenoma detection rate (ADR) appears to decrease as the number of consecutive hours performing procedures increases, and eye strain may be a contributing factor. Ambient light may improve symptoms of eye strain, but its effects have yet to be explored in the field of gastroenterology. We aim to determine if using ambient lighting during screening colonoscopy will maintain ADRs and improve eye strain symptoms compared with low lighting.Methods At a single center, retrospective data were collected on colonoscopies performed under low lighting and compared to prospective data collected on colonoscopies with ambient lighting. Eye fatigue surveys were completed by gastroenterologists. Satisfaction surveys were completed by physicians and staff.Results Of 498 low light and 611 ambient light cases, 172 and 220 adenomas were detected, respectively (P = 0.611). Under low lighting, the ADR decreased 5.6 % from first to last case of the day (P = 0.2658). With ambient lighting, the ADR increased by 2.80 % (P = 0.5445). The difference in the overall change in ADR between first and last cases with ambient light versus low light was statistically significant (8.40 % total unit change, P = 0.01). The average eye strain scores were 8.12 with low light, and 5.63 with ambient light (P = 0.3341).Conclusions Performing screening colonoscopies with ambient light may improve the differential change in ADR that occurs from the beginning to the end of the day. This improvement in ADR may be related to improvement in operator fatigue. The effect of ambient light on eye strain is unclear. Further investigation is warranted on the impact of ambient light on symptoms of eye strain and ADR.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy using large-diameter (20 mm) lumen apposing metal stent (LLAMS)
Authors: Sobani Zain A. , Paleti Swathi , Rustagi Tarun 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) using a 15-mm lumen apposing metal stent (LAMS) has emerged as a viable alternative to surgical gastrojejunostomy for management of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). However, given the size of the anastomosis created with a 15-mm LAMS, long-term luminal patency and clinical outcomes may be suboptimal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical feasibility, efficacy, and safety of EUS-GE with a large-diameter (20 mm) LAMS (LLAMS).
Patients and methods A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of all patients undergoing EUS-GE with LLAMS between December 1, 2018 and September 30, 2020 was performed. All EUS-GEs were performed using a cautery-enhanced LLAMS.
Results Thirty-three patients were referred for endoscopic management of GOO. Two patients were excluded due to a lack of an adequate window for EUS-GE. The remaining 31 patients (93.94 %) (mean age: 61.35 ± 16.52 years; 54.84 % males) underwent EUS-GE using LLAMS for malignant (n = 23) and benign (n = 8) GOO. Technical success was achieved in all patients (100 %) with attempted EUS-GE. Complete clinical success (tolerance of regular diet) was achieved in 93.55 % of patients (n = 29). Two patients (6.45 %) had partial clinical success and died of unrelated causes prior to advancing diet beyond full liquids. Overall mean follow-up was 140.84 ± 160.41 days (median 70, range 4–590). All stents remained patent with no evidence of recurrent GOO symptoms. One patient (3.23 %) developed an asymptomatic clean-based jejunal ulcer on 3-month follow-up endoscopy.
Conclusions EUS-GE with LLAMS is a technically feasible, effective and safe option for patients with GOO allowing for tolerability of regular diet. Future prospective, ideally randomized studies comparing long-term outcomes of EUS-GE with 20- and 15-mm LAMS are required.
Protecting-Group-Free Synthesis of GB1107: An Orally Active Galectin-3 Antagonist
Authors: Giguère Denis , St-Gelais Jacob 
Published: May 2021

AbstractSmall-molecule galectin inhibitors are useful research tools that could also be used as potential drug candidates. In that context, GB1107, a monosaccharidic galectin inhibitor, was shown to be an orally active galectin-3 antagonist that inhibits lung adenocarcinoma growth. Herein, a protecting-group-free synthesis of GB1107, along with other analogues is described. Starting from inexpensive levoglucosan, a Payne rearrangement/azidation process was used as key step. Finally, the use of a log P determination method based on 19F NMR spectroscopy was explored to assess the lipophilicity of galectin inhibitors.
Catalytic Reductive Cleavage of Poly(phenylene sulfide) Using a Hydrosilane
Authors: Minami Yasunori , Nakajima Yumiko , Matsuyama Nao , Matsuo Yasuaki , Tamura Masanori , Sato Kazuhiko 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe solvent-insoluble poly(phenylene sulfide) main chain was reductively cleaved by using triethylsilane as a hydrogen source under palladium/IcHex catalytic conditions. After the reaction, benzene and bis(triethylsilyl) sulfide as a sulfide source were formed efficiently. This method could be operated on a gram scale.
Effect of Modeling Resins on Microhardness of Resin Composites
Authors: Bayraktar Ezgi T. , Atali Pinar Y. , Korkut Bora , Kesimli Ezgi G. , Tarcin Bilge , Turkmen Cafer 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives This study was aimed to determine the effects of modeling resins on the surface microhardness of composites.
Materials and Methods Six resin-based composites (Charisma Smart, Estellite Asteria, CeramX-One SphereTEC, Admira Fusion, Filtek Ultimate, and Clearfil Majesty Es-2) and three wetting agents (Modeling Liquid, Composite Primer, and Modeling Resin) were investigated. In all, 240 specimens were prepared, and wetting agents were applied prior to light curing in the experimental groups. After 24 hours, specimens were polished and Vickers microhardness (VHN) values were measured.
Statistical Analysis Shapiro–Wilk and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for analyses (p < 0.05).
Results Both modeling resin and composites were determined to be effective factors (p < 0.001). The control group showed the highest VHN (70.37 ± 7.94), followed by Modeling Liquid (64.68 ± 12.07), Composite Primer (59.84 ± 6.33), and Modeling Resin (58 ± 3.52b; p < 0.001). Filtek Ultimate showed the highest VHN (76.62 ± 9.78c), whereas Charisma Smart (58.87 ± 7.95), and Clearfil Majesty (67.27 ± 2.58) showed the lowest (p < 0.001). Clearfil Majesty–Modeling Liquid (46.62 ± 5.33) and Charisma Smart–Composite Primer (50.81 ± 0.39) combinations showed the lowest VHN, whereas Filtek Ultimate–control (87.15 ± 2.12) and Filtek Ultimate–Modeling Liquid (84.24 ± 3.11) showed the highest (p < 0.001).
Conclusion All tested modeling resins decreased VHN value, and the amount of reduction varied among composites and wetting agents. It might be safer not to use wetting agents unless they are necessary.
Interaction between TCF7L2 rs7903146 Genotype, HbA1c Levels, and the Periodontal Status of Dental Patients
Authors: Grigoriadis Andreas , Koutounidou Symela , Räisänen Ismo , Arsenakis Minas , Sakellari Dimitra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the potential interaction between TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotype, which is implicated for type-2 diabetes mellitus genetic susceptibility, HbA1c levels, and the periodontal status of dental patients.
Materials and Methods HbA1c levels, clinical periodontal parameters (probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, and plaque index), and several parameters (such as body mass index [BMI], smoking habits, education level, and age) were recorded in 150 patients who fulfilled the criteria for screening for prediabetes/diabetes of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. DNA was extracted and the TCF7L2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7903146 was genotyped in all participants.
Results Thirty-one patients out of 150 tested were found with unknown hyperglycemia (20.7%). Regarding sex, education, parent with diabetes, normal BMI, smoking, age ≥45 years and prior testing for diabetes, no differences were observed between patients displaying HbA1c < 5.7 and ≥ 5.7% (Pearson’s Chi-square test, p > 0.05). Regarding periodontal parameters and differences between subgroups (HbA1c levels ≥ 5.7 and HbA1c levels < 5.7), statistically significant differences were observed for probing depth (3.20 ± 0.94 vs. 2.81 ± 0.78 mm), clinical attachment level (3.54 ± 1.20 vs. 3.18 ± 1.06 mm) and bleeding on probing (0.62 ± 0.25 vs. 0.50 ± 0.24%) with hyperglycemic patients exhibiting worse periodontal conditions (Mann–Whitney test p < 0.05). The allelic and genotype frequencies for the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) gene, SNPs 7903146 did not exhibit a significant difference between the HbA1c > 5.7 and HbA1c < 5.7 groups and the periodontitis and nonperiodontitis subgroups respectively (Fisher’s exact test >0.05). Statistical Analysis Patient characteristics and their association with prediabetes were tested by Pearson’s Chi-square test (asymptotic, two sided). Differences of periodontal parameters between subgroups were tested with the Mann–Whitney U-test. The associations of allele and genotype frequencies in the patient and control groups were analyzed using the Fisher’s exact test of independence.The significance level was set at the 0.05 for all tests.
Conclusion A statistically significant association between TCF7L2 rs7903146 genotype and periodontal condition or HbA1c levels was not observed in contrast to statistically significant differences of clinical parameters of periodontitis in patients with hyperglycemia.
Plutella xylostella (diamondback moth).
Authors: Sarfraz Rana M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

The diamondback moth (DBM) is one of the most studied insect pests in the world, yet it is among the 'leaders' of the most difficult pests to control. It was the first crop insect reported to develop resistance to microbial Bacillus thuringiensis insecticides, and has shown resistance to almost every insecticide, including the most recent groups such as diamide. DBM is a highly invasive species. It may have its origin in Europe, South Africa or East Asia, but is now present wherever its cruciferous hosts exist and is considered to be the most universally distributed Lepidoptera. It is highly migratory and wind-borne adults can travel long distances to invade crops in other regions, countries and continents. Immature stages also hitchhike on plant parts and can establish in new areas. DBM costs the global economy an estimated US$4 -5 billion annually, but its impacts on local biodiversity and habitats in exotic ranges are unknown.
Information Support Strategic Management Processes Environmental Policy of Cities
Authors: Turkov S L 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the report presents some methodological and applied issues of information support for strategic management processes environmental policy of cities, which, within the framework of the National concept of sustainable development of Russia (1996) relate to the lowest level of its system organization. The purpose and the main direction of using the results is the development of “human-machine” planning systems (or support) for optimal management decisions for regional and local structures of environmental management. The research methodology based on the new paradigm of system representation of the world, the theory of “noosphere” by P. T. de Chardin, E. Le Roy (1927), V. I. Vernadsky (1933), a “new theory of entropy” by A. N. Panchenkov (1999). Object of research – the Active Complex organized Systems (ACS) class “nature-society”; subjects – concept and conditions of “equilibrium” and “Sustainable Development” (CSD in the abbreviation UN, 1993) such systems. Research methods – game-theoretic modeling and “Games against Nature”: antagonistic, coalition, cooperative, strategic, situational, etc., which required by the conditions of setting tasks, games. In the simulation, this will ensure the full integration of all currently available natural science knowledge, as well as the ability to perform computational operations others organizational management systems of the class “nature-society”. For that in this study suggests a new “geosystem” approach to the study of sustainable development problems in urban environmental policy, which includes the possibilities of both external (“technogenic”) and internal (or “soft”, that is, maintaining and restoring the ecological balance) management of Nature and Society.
Analysis of the Distribution of Movement Speed from Time of Day
Authors: Goryaeva E V , Mokhirev A P , Medvedev S O , Bragina N A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Logging is carried out in difficult natural and climatic conditions, being often unprofitable for large industrial enterprises. However, it is the provision of forest resources that allows all other enterprises of the timber industry to carry out their activities. Transportation of forest products is most interesting from the point of view of setting and solving problems to improve the efficiency of the production process. Indeed, when delivering goods from the forest, there are many possible problems that need to be solved and ultimately affect its overall efficiency: the choice of route, traffic schedule, equipment, removal period, etc. At the same time, even when selecting optimal parameters, there are always factors that affect the work of equipment and personnel when removing wood in specific conditions. One of these factors is the time of day. The purpose of this study is to identify the nature of the dependence of the speed of movement of logging equipment on the time of day.
Features of the Distribution of Manganese in Soils of the Prichulym Taiga in Tomsk Region During Forest Logging
Authors: Kh Khasanova E , Afonin I V , Bazhenova Y A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In the course of the summer expedition, soil samples were taken from the upper, the most ‘active’ for migration and pollution by chemical elements, horizon in the taiga zone of Zyryanskiy district, Tomsk region. Soils were sampled in two plots: in a typical taiga forest and in the area after selective logging carried out six years ago. The selected soil samples were analyzed for the presence and total content of manganese. As a result of statistical data processing, the average value of the content of this element was obtained. Changes in the species composition of vegetation in the logged area could affect the redistribution of the considered chemical element in the soil. For a complete picture of the deposition and the reasons for possible migration of manganese in the upper layer of the soil horizon, the acid-base conditions and the organic component (humus) were additionally determined in the soil samples. The global indicators of the world’s soils – clarke values – were used as standards to compare with the average values of the manganese content in soil. The obtained average values of manganese in the upper horizon of soils in the studied areas were compared with respect to the data on the content of manganese in soils of the taiga forest zone of Eurasia. The southeast of Tomsk region is included in this zone. Based on the ecological and geochemical analysis, the reasons for the change in the content of manganese and the degree of its dangerous impact have been revealed. This characteristic made it possible to interpret the data obtained on the manganese content in the soil of the study areas, as well as to assess the state of the environment after anthropogenic transformation and other possible factors.
Classification of Some Spring Waters in Erbil Governorate Using Different Methods
Authors: Rajab K.S. , Esmail A.O. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was conducted during 2020, The water samples were taken on June and October,2020 which were represent wet and dry season respectively from 22 springs in Erbil governorate. Some water chemical properties and heavy metals were determined at both wet and dry season, the studied spring waters were classified according to some systems or methods such as classes depending on restriction of use, irrigation water quality index, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. In general, the results depending on the mentioned methods of classifications had similar results. The water for 12, 8 and 2 springs had none restriction, slight to moderate and severe restriction of uses at wet season respectively, while in dry season the water for 9, 9 and 4 springs had None restriction, slight to moderate and severe restriction of uses respectively due increase in water EC values in dry season in comparing with wet season. Depending on IWQI values using all the studied water parameters the water for 15and 7 springs had excellent and good class respectively,while depending on IWQI for EC only the water for (13,5,and 4) springs in wet season and the water for(12,4 and 4) springs in dry season had excellent,good and poor classes respectively. The cluster analysis and principal component analysis also classified the spring water samples into three classes also.
In Vitro Bioaccessibility Assessment as a Tool to Predict the Toxicity of Bioremediation Products
Authors: Jebril N. , Boden R. , Braungardt C. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The demand for the development of bioremediation processes designed to maintain healthy environments has increased; however, evaluation of the toxicity of its products is needed. Therefore, the toxicity of the Cd-loaded beads of the bioremediation approach developed in this paper was evaluated by using in vitro human gastrointestinal simulation (BARGE method). Cd-loaded beads were obtained from adsorption experiments of Cd from artificial groundwater (AGW) and natural river water (NRW, Walkham River, England) using Ca-alginate beads containing live cells of the mutant Brevibacillus agri C15 CdR and its wild type B. agri C15, in batch flasks. The results showed that the Ca-alginate beads containing the mutant adsorped a significant concentration of Cd (1700 mmolal), related to its adsorption capacity. Cd-loaded beads had higher concentrations of Ca and Na (2030 ± 40 and 4300 ± 18 molal, respectively), related to its composition. The effects of the gastrointestinal simulation showed that Ca had the highest bioaccessible concentrations from Cd-loaded beads of all tested elements (Al, Ca Co, Cu, Fe, K Mg, Na, and Zn) from (1280 ± 13.00 molal); while some other elements were not detected at the end of the gastrointestinal system. Cd bioaccessibility was significantly lower in the Cd-loaded beads containing the mutant (0.17 and 0.14 molal in the gastric and gastrointestinal phases, respectively), compared to the wild type (0.23 and 0.19 molal, respectively). The bioaccessible fractions (BAFs) of Cd were significantly lower in the Cd-loaded beads containing the mutant at the gastric and gastrointestinal phase, with the mean of 4.85 % and 2.95 %, respectively. The low percentages of BAFs of Cd suggested that the products of the bioremediation process developed in this project might not be relevant as a human health risk.
Response Polianthes Tuberosa L.to Cold Storage Time and Chitosan on Vegetative Growth and Floral
Authors: Alsanam M.A. , Salih Z. K. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted at the Horticultural Establishments Unit of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University. for period from 15/3/2020 to 15/1/2021, aim of knowing response of polyanthus bulbs to cold storage before planting and spraying with Chitosan. two factors: first was storage of bulbs before planting at a degree of 5 C° for a period of 0, 1, 2 a week, and the second factor was sprayed with chitosan at a concentration of 0, 500, 1000 mg. L−1 the experiment was designing with RCBD in three replications. The results showed that the two-week storage treatment exceeded the number of leaves, Leaves area, and leaf width gave 19.37 leaves. Plant−1, 703.84 cm2, 17.65 mm, respectively. The treatment of spraying with chitosan at a concentration of 1000 mg. L−1 was superior to inflorences length and the diameter of the roses, and it gave 88.71 cm, 34.70 mm. The highest concentration (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) was 1.99, 0.368, 2.21% for the interaction between storage for two weeks and spraying with chitosan at a concentration of 1000 mg. L−1.
Effect of Salicylic Acid and Arginine Spraying on Growth and Some of Its Active Compounds of Basil Ocimum Basilicum L
Authors: Shraida A. S. , Almohammedi O. H. M. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study was conducted in the fields of a farmer in Baghdad Province/Abu Ghraib district during the 2019-2020 agricultural season to study the effect of two factors. The first factor was spraying salicylic acid on the plant with four concentrations (0,100,200,300) mg. L -1. The second factor was spraying amino acid Arginine on the plant with four concentrations (0,100,200,300) mg. L -1. Each level was sprayed before sunset until the plant leaves become completely wet. The spraying was done twice during the growing season. Results showed that the treatments of foliar spray with Salicylic Acid, the treatment with Arginine spray, and the interaction treatments were superior in terms of improving plant height, leaf area, and ratios of volatile oils ratio, phenols, nitrogen, and proteins.
Corona, the story of an animal disease that killed humans
Authors: Shahooth M. A. , Abed S. k. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this review is to investigate and identifying the possible source of virus in animals and identifying the vector media of the disease and the methods of its spread and working hard to search for a successful vaccine for immunization against infection, in addition to establishing specialized units to predict new versions of the virus in the years to come.
Study on composition analysis of foaming agents used in backfilling high-strength lightweight fluidized soil
Authors: Ran Deqin , Chen Peng , Li Yiran , Hui Bing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper studies the pollutants released by the foaming agent used in the green and low carbon backfill material of high strength and light fluid soil, which can effectively solve the problem of “bridge jump”. The results showed that the concentrations of total volatile organic compounds, benzene, toluene + xylene and free formaldehyde in the pollutants were all within the qualified range. The concentration of non-methane total hydrocarbon in the pollutants increases with the increase of temperature. The concentration of non-methane total hydrocarbon in the pollutants is 3.90mg/m3 at 180°C, which is within the allowable range. During production and use, attention should be paid to ventilation and monitoring.
C-Mn yield forecasting model based on SVM
Authors: Li Jinghang , Bai Juanli , Yu Bozhong 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
With the rapid development of economy, how to increase steel output and reduce plant cost is of great significance. Deoxy alloying is an important link in iron and steel smelting. This paper aims at the optimization of the burdening scheme of deoxy alloying of molten steel. The aim is to establish the SVM optimization model based on the data and predict the yield of C/Mn. First of all, we established a time series model based on the obtained results of the problem and the furnace times as the time, and used the ARIMA time series method in SPSS software to predict the yield of C/Mn. Secondly, we improve the model, use the historical data to train and forecast the support vector machine model (SVM), and compare the predicted values of the SVM model and the time series model, and get the conclusion that the SVM model is more accurate than the time series model.