bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Antidepressant Prescription Filling With Treatment Indication and Prior Prescription Filling Behaviors and Medication Experiences
Authors: Wong Jenna , Kurteva Siyana , Motulsky Aude , Tamblyn Robyn 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Given the wide range of uses for antidepressants, understanding indication-specific patterns of prescription filling for antidepressants provide valuable insights into how patients use these medications in real-world settings.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to determine the association of antidepressant prescription filling with treatment indication, as well as prior prescription filling behaviors and medication experiences.

Design:
This retrospective cohort study took place in Quebec, Canada.

Participants:
Adults with public drug insurance prescribed antidepressants using MOXXI (Medical Office of the XXIst Century)—an electronic prescribing system requiring primary care physicians to document treatment indications and reasons for prescription stops or changes.

Measures:
MOXXI provided information on treatment indications, past prescriptions, and prior medication experiences (treatment ineffectiveness and adverse drug reactions). Linked claims data provided information on dispensed medications and other patient-related factors. Multivariable logistic regression models estimated the independent association of not filling an antidepressant prescription (within 90 d) with treatment indication and patients’ prior prescription filling behaviors and medication experiences.

Results:
Among 38,751 prescriptions, the prevalence of unfilled prescriptions for new and ongoing antidepressant therapy was 34.2% and 4.1%, respectively. Compared with depression, odds of not filling an antidepressant prescription varied from 0.74 to 1.57 by indication and therapy status. The odds of not filling an antidepressant prescription was higher among adults filling < 50% of their medication prescriptions in the past year and adults with an antidepressant prescription stopped or changed in the past year due to treatment ineffectiveness.

Conclusion:
Antidepressant prescription filling behaviors differed by treatment indication and were lower among patients with a history of poor prescription filling or ineffective treatment with antidepressants.
Development of an International Tool for Students to Record and Reflect on Patient Safety Learning Experiences
Authors: Steven Alison , Pearson Pauline , Turunen Hannele , Myhre Kristin , Sasso Loredana , Vizcaya-Moreno Maria Flores , Pérez-Cañaveras Rosa María , Sara-Aho Arja , Bagnasco Annamaria , Aleo Giuseppe , Patterson Lucy , Larkin Valerie , Zanini Milko , Porras Jari , Khakurel Jayden , Azimirad Mina , Ringstad Øystein , Johnsen Lasse , Haatainen Kaisa , Wilson Gemma , Rossi Silvia , Morey Sarah , Tella Susanna 
Published: December 2021

Background:
Underpinning all nursing education is the development of safe practitioners who provide quality care. Learning in practice settings is important, but student experiences vary.

Purpose:
This study aimed to systematically develop a robust multilingual, multiprofessional data collection tool, which prompts students to describe and reflect on patient safety experiences.

Approach:
Core to a 3-year, 5-country, European project was development of the SLIPPS (Sharing Learning from Practice for Patient Safety) Learning Event Recording Tool (SLERT). Tool construction drew on literature, theory, multinational and multidisciplinary experience, and involved pretesting and translation. Piloting included assessing usability and an initial exploration of impact via student interviews.

Outcomes:
The final SLERT (provided for readers) is freely available in 5 languages and has face validity for nursing across 5 countries. Student reports (n = 368) were collected using the tool.

Conclusions:
The tool functions well in assisting student learning and for collecting data. Interviews indicated the tool promoted individual learning and has potential for wider clinical teams.
A proteomic perspective and involvement of cytokines in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Banu Sarena , Idris Mohammed M , Nagaraj Ramakrishnan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractInfection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus results in manifestation of several clinical observations from asymptomatic to multi-organ failure. Biochemically, the serious effects are due to what is described as cytokine storm. The initial infection region for COVID-19 is the nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal region which is the site where samples are taken to examine the presence of virus. We have earlier shown that several defensin genes are down regulated in cells from this region in patients who tested positive in the RTPCR test. We have now carried out detailed proteomic analysis of the nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab samples collected from normal individuals and those tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by RTPCR, involving high throughput quantitative proteomics analysis. Several proteins like annexins, cytokines and histones were found differentially regulated in the host human cells following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Genes for these proteins were also observed to be differentially regulated when their expression was analyzed. Majority of the cytokine proteins were found to be up regulated in the infected individuals. Cell to Cell signaling interaction, Immune cell trafficking and inflammatory response pathways were found associated with the differentially regulated proteins based on network pathway analysis.
Microbiota composition in the lower respiratory tract is associated with severity in patients with acute respiratory distress by influenza
Authors: Hernández-Terán Alejandra , Vega-Sánchez Angel E. , Mejía-Nepomuceno Fidencio , Serna-Muñoz Ricardo , Rodríguez-Llamazares Sebastián , Salido-Guadarrama Iván , Romero-Espinoza Jose A. , Guadarrama-Pérez Cristobal , Sandoval JL , Campos Fernando , Mondragón-Rivero Erika N. , Ramírez-Venegas Alejandra , Castillejos-López Manuel , Téllez-Navarrete Norma A. , Ormsby Christopher E. , Pérez- Padilla Rogelio , Vázquez-Pérez Joel A. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractSeveral factors are associated with the severity of the respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus. Although viral factors are one of the most studied, in recent years the role of the microbiota and co-infections in severe and fatal outcomes has been recognized. However, most of the work has focused on the microbiota of the upper respiratory tract (URT), hindering potential insights from the lower respiratory tract (LRT) that may help to understand the role of the microbiota in Influenza disease. In this work, we characterized the microbiota of the LRT of patients with Influenza A using 16S rRNA sequencing. We tested if patients with different outcomes (deceased/recovered), use of antibiotics, and different days of symptoms onset differ in their microbial community composition. We found striking differences in the diversity and composition of the microbiota depending on the days of symptoms onset and with mortality of the studied patients. We detected a high abundance of opportunistic pathogens such as Enterococcus, Granulicatella, and Staphylococcus in patients either deceased or with antibiotic treatment. Also, we found that antibiotic treatment deeply perturbs the microbial communities in the LRT and affect the probability of survival in Influenza A patients. Altogether, the loss of microbial diversity could, in turn, generate a disequilibrium in the community, potentially compromising the immune response increasing viral infectivity, promoting the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria that, together with altered biochemical parameters, can be leading to severe forms of the disease. Overall, the present study gives one of the first characterizations of the diversity and composition of microbial communities in the LRT of Influenza patients and its relationship with clinical variables and disease severity.
BSImp: imputing partially observed methylation patterns for evaluating methylation heterogeneity
Authors: Chang Ya-Ting , Yen Ming-Ren , Chen Pao-Yang 
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACTDNA methylation is one of the most studied epigenetic modifications that has applications ranging from transcriptional regulation to aging, and can be assessed by bisulfite sequencing (BS-seq) at single base-pair resolution. The permutations of methylation statuses at bisulfite converted reads reflect the methylation patterns of individual cells. These patterns at specific genomic locations are sought to be indicative of cellular heterogeneity within a cellular population, which are predictive of developments and diseases; therefore, methylation heterogeneity has potentials in early detection of these changes. Computational methods have been developed to assess methylation heterogeneity using methylation patterns formed by four CpGs, but the nature of shotgun sequencing often give partially observed patterns, which makes very limited data available for downstream analysis. While many programs are developed to impute methylation levels genomewide, currently there is only one method developed for recovering partially observed methylation patterns; however, the program needs lots of data to train and cannot be used directly; therefore, we developed a probabilistic-based imputation method that uses information from neighbouring sites to recover partially observed methylation patterns speedily. It is demonstrated to allow for the evaluation of methylation heterogeneity at three times more regions genome-wide with high accuracy for data with moderate depth. To make it more user-friendly we also provide a computational pipeline for genome-screening, which can be used in both evaluating methylation levels and profiling methylation patterns genomewide for all cytosine contexts, which is the first of its kind. Our method allows for accurate estimation of methylation levels and makes evaluating methylation heterogeneity available for much more data with reasonable coverage, which has important implications in using methylation heterogeneity for monitoring changes within the cellular populations that were impossible to detect for the assessment of development and diseases.
Glioblastoma embryonic-like stem cells exhibit immune-evasive phenotype
Authors: Sesé Borja , Iñiguez-Muñoz Sandra , Ensenyat-Mendez Miquel , Llinàs-Arias Pere , Ramis Guillem , Orozco Javier I. J. , de Mattos Silvia Fernández , Villalonga Priam , Marzese Diego M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGlioma stem cells (GSCs) are a subset of cells with self-renewal and tumor-initiating capacities that are thought to participate in drug resistance and immune evasion mechanisms in glioblastoma (GBM). Given GBM heterogeneity, we hypothesized that GSCs might also display cellular hierarchies associated with different degrees of stemness. We evaluated a single-cell RNA-seq glioblastoma dataset (n = 28) and identified a stem cell population co-expressing high levels of embryonic pluripotency markers, named core glioma stem cells (c-GSCs). This embryonic-like population represents 4.22% ± 0.59 of the tumor cell mass, and pathway analysis revealed an upregulation of stemness and downregulation of immune-associated pathways. Using induced pluripotent stem cell technology, we generated an in vitro model of c-GSCs by reprogramming glioblastoma patient-derived cells into induced c-GSCs (ic-GSCs). Immunostaining of ic-GSCs showed high expression of embryonic pluripotency markers and downregulation of antigen presentation HLA proteins, mimicking its tumoral counterpart. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a strong agreement of enriched biological pathways between tumor c-GSCs and in vitro ic-GSCs (κ = 0.71). Integration of ic-GSC DNA methylation and gene expression with chromatin state analysis of epigenomic maps (n = 833) indicated that polycomb repressive marks downregulate HLA genes in stem-like phenotype. Together, we identified c-GSCs as a GBM cell population with embryonic signatures and poor immunogenicity. Genome-scale transcriptomic and epigenomic profiling provide a valuable resource for studying immune evasion mechanisms governing c-GSCs and identifying potential therapeutic targets for GBM immunotherapy.
Heart age estimated using explainable advanced electrocardiography
Authors: Lindow Thomas , Palencia-Lamela Israel , Schlegel Todd T , Ugander Martin 
Published: December 2021

BackgroundElectrocardiographic (ECG) Heart Age conveying cardiovascular risk has been estimated by both Bayesian and artificial intelligence approaches. We hypothesised that explainable measures from the 10-second 12-lead ECG could successfully predict Bayesian 5-min ECG Heart Age.MethodsAdvanced analysis was performed on ECGs from healthy subjects and patients with cardiovascular risk or proven heart disease. Regression models were used to predict patients’ Bayesian 5-minute ECG Heart Ages from their standard, resting 10-second 12-lead ECGs. The difference between 5-min and 10-second ECG Heart Ages were analyzed, as were the differences between 10-second ECG Heart Age and the chronological age (the Heart Age Gap).ResultsIn total, 2,771 subjects were included (n=1682 healthy volunteers, n=305 with cardiovascular risk factors, n=784 with cardiovascular disease). Overall, 10-second Heart Age showed strong agreement with the 5-minute Heart Age (R2=0.94, p<0.001, mean±SD bias 0.0±5.1 years). The Heart Age Gap was 0.0±5.7 years in healthy individuals, 7.4±7.3 years in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors (p<0.001), and 14.3±9.2 years in patients with cardiovascular disease (p<0.001).ConclusionsHeart Age can be accurately estimated from a 10-second 12-lead ECG in a transparent and explainable fashion based on known ECG measures, without artificial intelligence techniques. The Heart Age Gap increases markedly with cardiovascular risk and disease.
Testosterone promotes intestinal replication and dissemination of Coxsackievirus B3 in an oral inoculation mouse model
Authors: Dhalech Adeeba H. , Corn Caleb M. , Mangale Vrushali , Syed Fahim , Condotta Stephanie A. , Richer Martin J. , Robinson Christopher M. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEnteroviruses initiate infection in the gastrointestinal tract, and sex is often a biological variable that impacts pathogenesis. Previous data suggest that sex hormones can influence intestinal replication of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), an enterovirus in thePicornaviridaefamily. However, the specific sex hormone(s) that regulate intestinal CVB3 replication is poorly understood. To determine if testosterone promotes intestinal CVB3 replication, we orally inoculated male and femaleIfnar-/-mice that were treated with either placebo or testosterone-filled capsules. Following oral inoculation, we found that testosterone-treated male and female mice shed significantly more CVB3 in the feces than placebo-treated mice indicating that testosterone enhances intestinal replication. Similarly, testosterone enhanced viral dissemination in both sexes as we observed higher viral loads in peripheral tissues following infection. Further, male mice treated with testosterone also had a higher mortality rate than testosterone-depleted male mice. Finally, we observed that testosterone significantly affected the immune response to CVB3. We found that testosterone broadly increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines while decreasing the number of splenic B cells and dendritic cells following CVB3 infection. Moreover, while testosterone did not affect the early CD4 T cell response to CVB3, testosterone reduced the activation of CD8 T cells. These data indicate that testosterone can promote intestinal CVB3 replication and dissemination while impacting the subsequent viral immune response.ImportanceBiological sex plays a significant role in the outcome of various infections and diseases. The impact of sex hormones on intestinal replication and dissemination of Coxsackievirus B3 remains poorly understood. Using an oral inoculation model, we found that testosterone enhances CVB3 shedding and dissemination in male and female mice. Further, testosterone can alter the immune response to CVB3. This work highlights the role of testosterone in CVB3 pathogenesis and suggests that sex hormones can impact the replication and dissemination of enteric viruses.
Call to service: The Register of Australian Accountants for National Service 1940–1944
Authors: Cobbin Phillip E. , Funnell Warwick 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe paper explores the creation in Australia of the Register of Accountants for National Service. Established at the outset of the Second World War, the Register operated for four years from June 1940 providing voluntary, non-remunerated, part-time and after-hours services to a highly stressed and seriously stretched federal government bureaucracy by members of the main Australian professional accounting bodies. Departments of the Navy, Army, Air Force, Supply and Development and Munitions were the largest consumers of the services offered.Design/methodology/approachThe study of the Register relies mainly on an extensive archive of war-time documentation from the Federal Government and various accounting professional institutes which has survived, predominantly in the National Archives of Australia. The resource is particularly rich in material covering the complex negotiation processes that brought the Register into operation together with documentation recording and reporting the work of the Register. The themes of professionalization, institutional legitimacy, volunteerism and patriotism are all invoked to explain the presence of the Register in the machinery of government that was assembled to deliver the ultimately successful war effort. Created by the principal professional accounting institutes, the Register attests to the commitment of their members to the war effort and, thereby, the importance of the profession to Australian society.FindingsThe perilous situation of Australia at a time of war provided a compelling incentive for the accounting profession to organise itself in an efficient and highly effective manner to assist with the war effort. The disparate and somewhat fractured accounting profession at the time was able to work together in a structured, cohesive and disciplined manner to provide voluntary services when called upon. To deliver the voluntary services promised, a purpose-built set of institutional arrangements was put in place. An extensive inventory of the potential services that could be provided by members of the main professional accounting bodies was conducted to facilitate the smooth matching of government needs with services available.Research limitations/implicationsDiscussion focusses only on Australia where the Register was unique. No other examples have been discovered where a profession has self-mobilised to serve a nation in a time of war. A further limitation is that the activities reported are restricted to self-reporting by the Register and a small loose collection of documents prepared by the Department of the Navy.Originality/valueThe uniqueness of the Register is the core of the originality and value of this study. How and why it came into being and the method by which it completed the “task” assigned to it stand as testament to a profession strategically placed to contribute in a substantive manner to the war effort at minimal cost to the nation.
A decision model for efficient service design in the sharing economy: a service triad perspective
Authors: Chowdhury Md Maruf Hossan , Sajib Shahriar , Scerri Moira , Khan Eijaz Ahmed 
Published: December 2021

PurposeSharing economy-based service platforms are a relatively new way of delivering services that have received increasing attention from both practitioners and researchers. However, current research in the area is still developing in terms of offering practical insight in conjunction with a decision model that may help to determine optimal strategies for efficient service design in the sharing economy from a service triad perspective. Exploring this gap in the literature, this paper aims to develop and apply a decision model that enables managers to identify and prioritise the efficiency attributes of sharing economy-based services. It also aids in designing optimal strategies to enhance efficiency over time based on the insights obtained from users (buyers and sellers) and platform providers.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a mixed-methods approach. The qualitative approach comprised an extensive literature review followed by in-depth interviews, and the quantitative approach adopted the quality function deployment (QFD) integrated optimisation technique to design and prioritise the most optimal strategy emanating from the application of a decision model.FindingsThe findings revealed that establishing global distribution, continued technological research and development (R&D) and enhancing the transactional platform are the most important strategies in the context of sharing economy platform providers (e.g. accommodation-based-platform service providers). This study also revealed that as the importance weights of the efficiency attributes changed over time, so too did the portfolio of strategies used to attain an optimal efficiency level.Originality/valueThe decision model brings a richer conceptual understanding of the dynamic changes over time that occur in the business ecosystem. It also allows managers of sharing economy-based platforms to select optimal strategies and make astute decisions towards achieving efficient service design.
COVID-19 pandemic: consumers' purchase intention of indoor fitness products during the partial lockdown period in Singapore
Authors: Cho Heetae , Chiu Weisheng 
Published: December 2021

PurposeThe study aims to explore how the perception of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects argument quality of advertisement, attitude and purchase intentions of the indoor fitness products based on the elaboration likelihood model (ELM). Moreover, the moderating effect of exercise involvement was examined.Design/methodology/approachA total of 283 consumers in Singapore were recruited during the partial lockdown period. Data analysis was employed using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe results of data analysis showed that perception of COVID-19 affected argument quality of advertisement, attitude and purchase intention of indoor fitness products. Meanwhile, argument quality resulted in a favorable attitude toward indoor fitness products, which, ultimately, led to the purchase intention. In addition, exercise involvement positively moderated the influence of argument quality on attitude.Originality/valueThe findings provide implications for businesses and researchers to understand sport consumer behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic.