bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gloss retention of direct composites and corresponding CAD/CAM composite blocks
Authors: Ardu Stefano , Duc Olivier , Krejci Ivo , Bétrisey Emilie , Di Bella Enrico , Daher René 
Published: October 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo compare gloss retention of four different resin composites with their corresponding CAD/CAM composite blocks.Materials and methodsFour direct resin composites (Filtek Supreme XTE A2 Body (3M, USA), Tetric EvoCeram A2 (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), GrandioSO x‐tra A2 (VOCO, Germany), G‐aenial Universal A2 (GC, Japan)), and their corresponding CAD/CAM composite blocks were tested. A total of 288 samples were prepared and three different tests were performed: brushing, exposition to acidic fluoride gel and exposition to alcoholic solution. Gloss values were obtained by means of a glossmeter at T0 before aging and T60 after 1 h of aging.ResultsMean gloss values ranged from 0.9 after brushing tests to 79.0 after the alcohol test witnessing a high gloss variability depending on the materials and the aging test. Statistical analysis by means of two‐way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Fisher's LSD post‐hoc test revealed significant differences between materials, storage media, and their interactions.ConclusionGloss retention seems to be dependent on the composite type (direct or CAD/CAM block) and composite brand and varies in respect to the type of aging. CAD/CAM materials showed a higher resistance toward alcohol exposure.
Chrysene‐Based Azahelicene π‐Linker of D‐π‐D‐Type Hole‐Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Tang Zefeng , Li Tianyu , Cao Yucai , Zhang Yuyan , He Lifei , Zheng Aibin , Lei Ming 
Published: October 2021

AbstractChrysene is a readily available material for exploring new polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In this study, two chrysene based azahelicenes, nine‐membered BA7 and ten‐membered DA6, are constructed by intermolecular oxidative annulation of 6‐aminochrysene and intramolecular annulation of N6,N12‐bis(1‐chloronaphthalen‐2‐yl)chrysene‐6,12‐diamine, respectively. The hexylated BA7 and DA6 and their brominated products were undoubtedly characterized by single crystal XRD. Subsequent amination with bis(9‐methyl‐9H‐carbazol‐3‐yl)amine (BMCA) electron donor afforded D‐π‐D‐type semiconductors BA7‐BMCA and DA6‐BMCA with beneficial properties to act as hole transport materials for perovskite solar cell. Compared with 19.4 % champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of BA7‐BMCA based device, a higher PCE of 20.2 % for DA6‐BMCA counterpart may be attributed to its S‐shaped double helicene‐like linker with extended π‐conjugated system.
Adenoviral vector‐based platforms for developing effective vaccines to combat respiratory viral infections
Authors: Elkashif Ahmed , Alhashimi Marwa , Sayedahmed Ekramy E , Sambhara Suryaprakash , Mittal Suresh K 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSince the development of the first vaccine against smallpox over two centuries ago, vaccination strategies have been at the forefront of significantly impacting the incidences of infectious diseases globally. However, the increase in the human population, deforestation and climate change, and the rise in worldwide travel have favored the emergence of new viruses with the potential to cause pandemics. The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic is a cruel reminder of the impact of novel pathogens and the suboptimal capabilities of conventional vaccines. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new vaccine strategies that allow the production of billions of doses in a short duration and are broadly protective against emerging and re‐emerging infectious diseases. Extensive knowledge of the molecular biology and immunology of adenoviruses (Ad) has favored Ad vectors as platforms for vaccine design. The Ad‐based vaccine platform represents an attractive strategy as it induces robust humoral and cell‐mediated immune responses and can meet the global demand in a pandemic situation. This review describes the status of Ad vector‐based vaccines in preclinical and clinical studies for current and emerging respiratory viruses, particularly coronaviruses, influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial viruses.
RNA‐binding protein RBM24 represses colorectal tumourigenesis by stabilising PTEN mRNA
Authors: Xia Rong Mu , Liu Tao , Li Wen Gang , Xu Xiu Qin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundRNA‐binding motif protein 24 (RBM24) functions as a splicing regulator, which is critical for organ development and is dysregulated in human cancers. Here, we aim to uncover the biological function of RBM24 in colorectal tumourigenesis.MethodsXenograft tumour model, Rbm24 knockout and Apcmin/+ mouse models were utilised. Colorectal cancer cells overexpressing or silencing RBM24 were established. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay was conducted to detect protein‐RNA associations. Gene expression was measured by immunohistochemistry, western blotting, or quantitative PCR (qPCR).ResultsRbm24‐knockout mice developed spontaneous colorectal adenomas with lower expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). Immunohistochemical staining for the proliferation markers Ki‐67 and pHH3 and BrdU assay showed intestinal hyperplasia in Rbm24‐knockout mice compared to wild‐type mice. RBM24 expression in colorectal adenoma tissues of Apcmin/+ mouse was downregulated compared with adjacent normal samples and was positively correlated with PTEN expression. In vitro, RBM24 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion and increased sensitivity to 5‐FU or cisplatin in CRC cells. Mechanistically, RBM24 maintained PTEN mRNA stability by directly binding to the GT‐rich region at positions 8101–8251 in the 3′‐UTR of PTEN mRNA, prolonging the half‐life of PTEN mRNA, thereby increasing PTEN expression. Hence, low expression of RBM24 downregulated PTEN mRNA, causing the activation of PI3K‐Akt signalling in CRC cells. Furthermore, RBM24 expression in CRC tissues was lower than adjacent normal samples. RBM24 expression was positively correlated with PTEN expression and negatively correlated with Ki‐67 level. CRC patients with high RBM24 expression had a favourable outcome.ConclusionsTaken together, RBM24 expression is markedly lower in colorectal tumours than in para‐carcinoma tissues. Rbm24‐knockout mice develop spontaneous colorectal adenomas. RBM24 directly binds and stabilises PTEN mRNA, which could cause the suppression of CRC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, thereby repressing colorectal tumourigenesis. These findings support the tumour‐suppressive role of RBM24. Targeting RBM24 holds strong promise for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
Decline and fall: The causes of group failure in cooperatively breeding meerkats
Authors: Duncan Chris , Manser Marta B. , Clutton‐Brock Tim 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn many social vertebrates, variation in group persistence exerts an important effect on individual fitness and population demography. However, few studies have been able to investigate the failure of groups or the causes of the variation in their longevity. We use data from a long‐term study of cooperatively breeding meerkats, Suricata suricatta, to investigate the different causes of group failure and the factors that drive these processes. Many newly formed groups failed within a year of formation, and smaller groups were more likely to fail. Groups that bred successfully and increased their size could persist for several years, even decades. Long‐lived groups principally failed in association with the development of clinical tuberculosis, Mycobacterium suricattae, a disease that can spread throughout the group and be fatal for group members. Clinical tuberculosis was more likely to occur in groups that had smaller group sizes and that had experienced immigration.
Genome‐wide selective detection of Mile red‐bone goat using next‐generation sequencing technology
Authors: He Yong‐Meng , Hong Qiong‐Hua , Zhou Dong‐Ke , Wang Shi‐Zhi , Yang Bai‐Gao , Yuan Ying , Zhang Wei‐Yi , Huang Yong‐Fu , E Guang‐Xin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ecotype population of goats (Capra hircus) was created by long‐term artificial selection and natural adaptation. Mile red‐bone goat is an indigenous breed with visible red bones, and its special bone structure has received extensive attention. This study aimed to identify genetic variants and candidate genes associated with specific bone phenotypes using next‐generation sequencing technology (NGS). The results revealed that 31,828,206 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were obtained from 72 goats (20 Mile red‐bone goats and 52 common goats) by NGS. A total of 100 candidate genes were identified on the basis top 1% window interaction from nucleotide diversity (π), π ratio (πA/πB), and pairwise fixation index (FST). Exactly 77 known signaling pathways were enriched. Specifically, three coding genes (NMNAT2, LOC102172983, and PNLIP) were annotated in the vitamin metabolism signaling pathways, and NCF2 was annotated to the osteoclast (OC) differentiation pathway. Furthermore, 5862 reliable copy number variations (CNVs) were obtained, and 14 and 24 genes were annotated with the top 1‰ CNV based on FST (>0.490) and VST (>0.527), respectively. Several pathways related to bone development and metabolism of exogenous substances in vivo, including calcium signaling pathway, OC differentiation, and glycerophospholipid metabolism, were annotated. Specifically, six genes from 19 candidate CNVs, which were obtained by interaction of the top 1‰ CNVs with FST and VST, were annotated to mucin‐type O‐glycan biosynthesis and metabolic pathways. Briefly, the results implied that pseudopurpurin and specific genetic variants work together to contribute to the red‐bone color and specific bone structure of Mile red‐bone goat. This study is helpful to understanding the genetic basis of the unique bone phenotype of Mile red‐bone goats.
Morphological variations in a widely distributed Eastern Asian passerine cannot be consistently explained by ecogeographic rules
Authors: Lee Chun‐Cheng , Fu Yuchen , Yeh Chia‐fen , Yeung Carol K. L. , Hung Hsin‐yi , Yao Chiou‐Ju , Shaner Pei‐Jen Lee , Li Shou‐Hsien 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEcogeographic rules that describe quantitative relationships between morphologies and climate might help us predict how morphometrics of animals was shaped by local temperature or humidity. Although the ecogeographic rules had been widely tested in animals of Europe and North America, they had not been fully validated for species in regions that are less studied. Here, we investigate the morphometric variation of a widely distributed East Asian passerine, the vinous‐throated parrotbill (Sinosuthora webbiana), to test whether its morphological variation conforms to the prediction of Bergmann's rule, Allen's rules, and Gloger's rule. We at first described the climatic niche ofS. webbianafrom occurrence records (n = 7838) and specimen records (n = 290). The results of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) suggested that the plumage coloration of these parrotbills was darker in wetter/warmer environments following Gloger's rule. However, their appendage size (culmen length, beak volume, tarsi length) was larger in colder environments, the opposite of the predictions of Allen's rule. Similarly, their body size (wing length) was larger in warmer environments, the opposite of the predictions of Bergmann's rule. Such disconformity to both Bergmann's rule and Allen's rule suggests that the evolution of morphological variations is likely governed by multiple selection forces rather than dominated by thermoregulation. Our results suggest that these ecogeographic rules should be validated prior to forecasting biological responses to climate change especially for species in less‐studied regions.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of abiotic and biotic properties explain biodiversity–ecosystem‐functioning relationships
Authors: Gottschall Felix , Cesarz Simone , Auge Harald , Kovach Kyle R. , Mori Akira S. , Nock Charles A. , Eisenhauer Nico 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is increasing evidence that spatial and temporal dynamics of biodiversity and ecosystem functions play an essential role in biodiversity–ecosystem‐functioning (BEF) relationships. Despite the known importance of soil processes for forest ecosystems, belowground functions in response to tree diversity and spatiotemporal dynamics of ecological processes and conditions remain poorly described. We propose a novel conceptual framework integrating spatiotemporal dynamics in BEF relationships and hypothesized a positive tree species richness effect on soil ecosystem functions through the spatial and temporal stability of biotic and abiotic soil properties based on species complementarity and asynchrony. We tested this framework within a long‐term tree diversity experiment in Central Germany by assessing soil ecosystem functions (soil microbial properties and litter decomposition) and abiotic variables (soil moisture and surface temperature) for two consecutive years in high spatial and temporal resolution. Tree species richness and identity had significant effects on soil properties (e.g., soil microbial biomass). Structural equation modeling revealed that overall soil microbial biomass was partly explained by (1) enhanced temporal stability of soil surface temperature and (2) decreased spatial stability of soil microbial biomass. Overall, spatial stability of soil microbial properties was positively correlated with their temporal stability. These results suggest that spatiotemporal dynamics are indeed crucial determinants in BEF relationships and highlight the importance of vegetation‐induced microclimatic conditions for stable provisioning of soil ecosystem functions and services.
Thermochemical energy storage drastically enhanced by zirconium oxide and lithium hydroxide for magnesium hydroxide
Authors: Ren En‐Xu , Wang Deng‐Yu , Li Ya‐Ting , Zhu Lin , Chang Chao‐Yang , Sun Lu , Xu Zhi‐Bin , Wu Qin‐Pei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractEnergy storage provides sustainable energy. Magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) is a promising material for thermochemical energy storage. Zirconium oxynitrate (ZrO(NO3)2) and lithium hydroxide (LiOH) are investigated to improve the heat‐storage efficiency of Mg(OH)2. Experimental results indicate that the heat‐storage rate can be significantly increased by 306‐fold. The dehydration conversion can be increased up to 99% with 122‐fold increase in 15.3 min. The onset temperature of Mg(OH)2 dehydration decreases from 337 to 228°C. The activation energy of Mg(OH)2 dehydration significantly reduces by 57.7%. The cycle ability of heat storage and heat release also remarkably improves. Moreover, the heat‐storage time significantly decreases. The crystal parameters, crystal volume, and platelet size of Mg(OH)2 notably diminish. The acting mechanism of these additives is proposed using high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray powder diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data. Moreover, the kinetic equations for the dehydration of excellent Mg(OH)2 composites are disclosed for computing simulation.
Offering soybean molasses adsorbed to agricultural by‐products improved lactation performance through modulating plasma metabolic enzyme pool of lactating cows
Authors: Chen Liang , Mi Hui , Li Bin , Liu Yong , Zhou Chuanshe , Ren Ao , Tan Zhiliang , Kong Zhiwei , Fang Rejun , Zhang Ge 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundAgricultural by‐products, such as corncob powder (CRP), wheat bran (WB), rice husk (RH), defatted bran (DB), and soybean hulls (SH), were widely used as ruminant feed. However, the combination effect of soybean molasses mixed with agricultural by‐products on cow lactating performance remains poorly understood.MethodsIn vitro fermentation simulation technique was used to select the high ruminal fermentation performance of agricultural by‐products mixed with soybean molasses. The selected mixtures were conducted to further explore the feeding effect on milk performance and blood metabolic enzyme on lactating dairy cows.ResultsIn in vitro simulation, it was confirmed that SH‐SM showed better fermentation performance (including higher maximum gas production, acetate, propionate, and total VFA, but less initial fractional rate of degradation) than other four molasses‐adsorbents, while WB‐SM had the greatest DM and NDF disappearance and NH3‐N and butyrate concentrations among substrates. After the simulation selection, we performed the feed experiment with SH‐SM and WB‐SM compared to the control. For lactating performance, higher (p < .01) milk fat and total milk solid content were observed in WB‐SM, and a tendency improvement of milk protein content (p < .01) was observed in both of the cows fed with WB‐SM and SH‐SM. Among lactating periods, the blood glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase, α‐amylase, and lactate dehydrogenase which associated with amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism were improved in lactating dairy cows fed with WB‐SM and SH‐SM.ConclusionDietary agricultural by‐products (like wheat bran and soybean hulls) mixed with soybean molasses enhance the lactating performance of dairy cows by improving the host metabolism process of amino acids and carbohydrates. The mixed strategy for agricultural by‐products shows another strong evidence for the resource reuse on dairy industry and reducing the by‐product pollution.
Evaluation of risk factors and correlation in large sample from the perspective of hypoglycemia
Authors: Chao Guanqun , Zhu Yue , Chen Liying 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo further clarify the correlation between glucose and other biochemical indicators, to search the risk factors of hypoglycemia through a cross‐sectional study. Data were obtained from subjects who underwent health examination in the Health Promotion Center from July 2018 to June 2019. Hypoglycemia is defined as fasting blood glucose less than 4.2 mmol/L. All data were analyzed using Windows R software. A total of 23,935 subjects were included. There were significant differences in age, BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, lipid, thyroid function, liver function, and kidney function between men and women (p < .05). The occurrence of hypoglycemia was affected by gender and nondiabetic patients (p < .001). In nondiabetic patients, hypoglycemia was affected by age (p < .05). For each year of age increase, the risk of hypoglycemia was reduced by 2.6%; the risk of hypoglycemia decreased by 3.7% when the waist circumference increased by 1 cm; the risk of hypoglycemia increased by 30.3% with each unit of TG increased; the risk of hypoglycemia decreased by 66.1% for each unit increased by TC; the risk of hypoglycemia increased by 1.715 times for each increased unit of HDLC; the risk of hypoglycemia increased by 1.185 times for each unit of LDLC. Women and nondiabetic people are more likely to have hypoglycemia. Among the group without diabetes, diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, HDLC, and LDLC are risk factors of hypoglycemia.
The potential roles of pharmacy medication sales data to augment the syndromic surveillance system in response to COVID‐19 and preparedness for other future infectious disease outbreaks in Indonesia
Authors: Wulandari Luh Putu Lila , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung , Hermansyah Andi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndonesia faces a continuous threat from communicable disease outbreaks. The current COVID‐19 outbreak, the previous one of SARS, and many other infectious outbreaks encountered in the country warn of the need to develop comprehensive early warning systems to enable timely health responses in the long run. In this article, we argue that over the counter medication sales data at community pharmacies in Indonesia can potentially augment and increase the detection power of the current syndromic surveillance system, particularly in dealing with COVID‐19 and other future infectious disease outbreaks in the country.Main BodyThis article discusses the experience of other countries in employing pharmacy medication sales data to serve as potential syndromic surveillance platform and contribute to pandemic responses. We argue why it is worth considering utilising medication sales data from pharmacies in Indonesia to support the current surveillance system which enables the provision of early warnings of disease outbreaks. We then discuss the potential challenges of operationalising these data and suggest a way forward for the development and implementation of the syndromic surveillance system at community pharmacy settings in Indonesia.ConclusionWhile there are several challenges in developing a workable system in Indonesia that need to be addressed, introducing a syndromic surveillance system using pharmacy‐setting medication sales data is worth investigating in the country.
Heat and mass transfer effects on MHD mixed convection flow of viscoelastic fluid with constant viscosity and thermal conductivity
Authors: Sharada Kankanala 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe present exploration is based on the contributions of heat and mass transport on the non‐Newtonian viscoelastic liquid motion under the impact of magnetism, Soret and Dufour numbers. The model equations that describe the flow mechanism of heat and mass transport are partial differential equations (PDEs). The PDEs were simplified using suitable similarity functions to obtain coupled nonlinear total ordinary differential equations. The simplified equations are numerically solved utilizing the spectral homotopy analysis method. Findings show that the process of heat transport is because of thermal radiation. The velocity, as well as temperature distributions, enhances due to a higher viscoelastic term. The present analysis is examined closely with past works and was discovered to concord.
Study of a nonuniform heat source over a Riga plate using nth‐order chemical reaction on Oldroyd‐B nanofluid flow for two‐dimensional motion
Authors: Mishra S. R. , Tinker Seema , Sharma Ram Prakash 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA variety of fluid models are proposed, due to the uncertain flow diversity and rheological features of non‐Newtonian fluids, out of which, viscoelastic Oldroyd‐B nanofluid is considered here with a nonuniform heat source over a Riga plate using an nth‐order chemical reaction. The ever increasing demand for chemical reactions in hydrometallurgical, chemical, and biomedical industries necessitates studying the behavior of heat and mass transfer in the presence of chemical reaction; a few of its applications are manufacturing of glassware or ceramics, food processing, polymer production, particulate water inflows, dehydration and drying operations in the chemical industry, and numerous applications in agricultural fields and many branches of engineering and sciences. To solve the set of nonlinear DEs, which are found after applying a suitable transformation on the governing nonlinear PDEs, a robust numerical technique, such as the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method, is employed in the current motion problem. Also, the influences of all substantial thermophysical parameters are discussed graphically and analytically. Furthermore, the major outcomes of the results are: attenuation in the relaxation time leads to a rise in the fluid momentum significantly near the wall and the solutal profile retards with an enhanced Brownian motion that results in the retardation in the bounding surface thickness of the profile.