bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Diagnostic Criteria of Refeeding Syndrome in Critically Ill Patients from four Chinese Hospitals: A Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Lu Kongmiao , Shen Xuping , Zheng Xiangxin , Xu Xin , Xu Zhijun , Xu Yongshan , Hu Yanting , Wu Yunlong , Luo Jinming , Yan Biqing , Han Wei , Chen Xiaomeng , Wan Huqiang , Wang Qianwen , Wang Huijuan , Zhang Hui , Shao Feifei , Tao Jing , Gai Lei , Huang Man 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Refeeding syndrome (RFS) is a group of metabolic disorders associated with refeeding after starvation. However, the diagnostic criteria of RFS are highly heterogeneous. This study aimed to identify the best diagnostic criteria of RFS in critically ill patients.Methods: A multicenter, parallel, prospective trial enrolled patients (≥18 years) with mechanical ventilation for more than 3 days. RFS, defined as new-onset hypophosphatemia (<0.87mmol/L) within 72h after feeding and a decreased concentration of serum phosphate of more than 30%, from four hospital ICU of Zhejiang provinces in China. The primary endpoint was the 28-day mortality. Results: Between May 1, 2019 and April 30, 2020, 312 patients were enrolled. Of these, 302 patients were included and completed the trial. Except for APACHE II, there were no significant differences in age, gender, admission type, diagnosis, furosemide application, and hormone application. In the RFS2 and RFS3 groups, the APACHE II score was significantly higher than the non-RFS group (p=0.009 and p=0.01, respectively). In the nutritional baseline data, there were no significant differences between the groups in the PNI index, time to start of nutrition treatment, percentage of start nutrition within 48 hours, parenteral nutrition, feeding intolerance, and caloric intake and protein intake within first week. The NRS2002 score in group 2 and 3 was higher than the non-RFS group (p<0.001 and p=0.001, respectively). Moreover, the BMI index in group 3 was lower than the non-RFS group(p=0.001). Furthermore, the 28-day mortality increased in group 2 compared with the non-RFS group. The length of hospital stay in group 3 was significantly longer than that in the non-RFS group (p=0.008). More importantly, according to the preliminary RFS2 screening criteria, patients were further divided into patients with modified RFS and modified non-RFS. The nosocomial infection rate and 28- or 90-day mortality in the modified RFS group were higher than those of the modified non-RFS group (p=0.006 and p=0.02, respectively).Conclusions: The optimal criterion of RFS was a decrease in serum phosphate level of 0.65mmol/L and below, and a reduction of greater than 0.16 mmol/L within 72 h after starting nutritional support. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov database, NCT04005300. Registered 1 July 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT04005300
Herbal Formula Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Decoction Attenuates Paclitaxel-related Neurotoxicity via Inhibition of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Authors: Lv Zhangming , Shen Jiayun , Gao Xuejiao , Ruan Yonglan , Ling Jinying , Sun Rongwei , Dai Jingya , Fan Haizhen , Cheng Xiaolan , Cao Peng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a challenging clinical problem during chemotherapy. Our previous work found that herbal formula Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction (HGWD) could reduce oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity. However, its effect on PIPN remains unknown. In this study, we aim to investigate the therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanisms of HGWD against PIPN with pharmacological and network pharmacology.Methods: Male Wistar rats were used to establish an animal model of PIPN and treated with different doses of HGWD for 3 weeks. Mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia and body weight were measured to evaluate the therapeutic effect of HGWD on PIPN rats. On the day of the sacrifice, blood, DRGs, sciatic nerve, and hind-paw intra-plantar skins were collected to assess neuroprotective effect of HGWD on PIPN. Next, network pharmacology was performed to decipher the potential active components and molecular mechanisms of HGWD, as were further verified by western blotting analyses in PIPN rats. Finally, the effect of HGWD on the chemotherapeutic activity of paclitaxel was evaluated in vitro and in vivo.Results: In rats with PIPN, HGWD reversed mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and ameliorated neuronal damage. Moreover, HGWD significantly increased the level of nerve growth factor, dramatically reduced IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α levels and oxidative stress. Network pharmacology analysis revealed 30 active ingredients in HGWD and 158 candidate targets. Integrated pathway analysis identified PI3K/Akt and toll-like receptor as two main pathways responsible for the neuroprotective effect of HGWD. Further experimental validation demonstrated that HGWD expectedly inhibited the protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, IKKα, and p-NF-κB, and promoted PI3K, p-Akt, Nrf2, and HO-1 level in dorsal root ganglia. Last but not least, HGWD did not interfere with the antitumor activity of paclitaxel both in in vitro and in vivo models.Conclusion: These combined data showed that HGWD could inhibit paclitaxel-evoked inflammatory and oxidative responses in peripheral nervous system viaTLR4/NF-κB and PI3K/Akt-Nrf2 pathways involvement. The neuroprotective property of HGWD on PIPN provides fundamental support to the potential application of HGWD for counteracting the side effects of paclitaxel during chemotherapy.
Accommodative relaxation by extending the viewing distance through the simple optical design of a double-mirror system
Authors: Huang Shuan-Yu , YEH SHANG-MIN , SU HUI-RONG 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper discusses the accommodative relaxation of myopic adults by using a simple double-mirror design. This optical design can extend the viewing distance to 2.285 m and magnify the image up to 3.79 times, and it results in the accommodative relaxation of a single human eye. We recruited 32 subjects with an average age of 20.8 ± 0.95 years old. After an examination of their refractive status, the disposable contact lenses with a corresponding refractive error were corrected, and the dynamic accommodative response and the change in pupil size were measured by using an open-field auto-refractor. The dynamic accommodative responses and pupil size data were collected under two viewing distance conditions. When the subjects gazed at a real object that was 0.4 m away, or a virtual image that was 2.285 m away, the mean value of the accommodative response was 1.69 ± 0.31D or 0.11 ± 0.05D, and the pupil size was 3.79 ± 0.49 mm or 4.09 ± 0.72 mm, respectively. The accommodative response decreased and the pupil size increased by using the double-mirror system, and therefore, accommodative relaxation can be achieved by using this new optical design. In this study, we first successfully proposed a simple optical design to relax the accommodation, and the fluctuations of the accommodation response were stable, with the extended viewing distance of 2.285 m. This design may be applied for the improvement of visual function, such as the reduction of asthenopia and the control of myopia.
Structural, Optical and Photocatalytic Activity of The Cerium Doped Ba2TiMoO6 Double Perovskite.
Authors: Ghrib Taher , Al-Otaibi Athaa , Mahmoud Qasim , Ercan Filiz , Ali Asghar , Manda Abdullah A. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this work, it was highlighted synthesis strategy and fundamental characterization of the pure and Ce doped Ba2TiMoO6 with different Ce concentrations were presented. It was investigated its thermal stability by using the Thermal Gravimetric Analysis and Differential Thermal Analysis. The crystal structures and the purity of the compounds were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The Surface morphology was examined by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and surface area analysis. The optical properties were examined by using the UV-Vis diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. The prepared Ba2TiMoO6 nanopowders are characterized by band gap of 3.41~3.6 eV and violet emission of 426.67 nm wavelength. The degradation efficiency was found approximately 16% of Methyl Blue (MO) after 120 min duration. Our results will predicate new Perovskites materials, which can be used for future environmental applications.
Risk factors associated with echinococcosis in Chinese general population: a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: zhang tiantian , Li Bin , Liu Yuying , Liu Shou 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background

Echinococcosis is a severe zoonotic disease that imposes a substantial burden on human life. Numerous studies on echinococcosis have involved a variety of risk factors, and it is difficult to evaluate the key risk factors. The objectives of this meta-analysis are to summarize available data on the prevalence of human echinococcosis and identify the key risk factors for echinococcosis.
Methods

Relevant studies were comprehensively searched in the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chongqing VIP Information (VIP), Wanfang and SinoMed databases from database inception until August 22, 2020. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) by integrating the OR values of each risk factor. The I2 and Q statistics were calculated to evaluate the heterogeneity, and potential sources of heterogeneity were identified using sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis. Publication bias was estimated by funnel plots and Egger’s test.
Results

A total of 1026 studies were identified through the database search, of which 26 were eligible for this meta-analysis. In total, 23 and 9 of the 26 studies were cystic echinococcosis (CE) and alveolar echinococcosis (AE) studies, respectively (6 papers included both AE and CE). The pooled prevalence of echinococcosis was 5.52% (95% CI: 5.47%-5.58%). Ethnicity (OR = 2.93, 95% CI: 1.81–4.75; I2 = 0), being a herder (OR = 2.66, 95%CI95% CI: 2.25–3.14; I2 = 8%), not washing hands before meals (OR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.34–4.28; I2 = 82.8%) and being female (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.26–1.66; I2 = 33.9%) were risk factors for AE. The top five risk factors for CE were ethnicity (OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.55–6.52; I2 = 79.2%), nomadism (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.65–4.47; I2 = 55.8%), drinking nonboiled water (OR = 2.47, 95% CI: 1.36–4.47; I2 = 85.7), feeding viscera to dogs (OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.89–2.91; I2 = 21.5%), and being a herder (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.67–2.86; I2 = 85.1%). The study design-specific subgroup analysis showed that the heterogeneity of CE risk factors decreased to varying degrees.
Conclusions

Specific characteristics (i.e., ethnicity and herder status) and behaviors (i.e., not washing hands before meals and feeding viscera to dogs ) are possible risk factors for echinococcosis. This study provided remarkable insight for future prevention and control of echinococcosis.
Effects of Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol on Cardiovascular Disease and All-cause Mortality in Elderly Patients (≥75 years old)
Authors: Yu Jiaxin , liu xiaokun , chen shuohua , liu yan , liu hongmin , zheng hongwei , yang ning , wu shouling , Li yuming 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: The associations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality are unclear in elderly(≥75 years) Chinese individuals.Methods: A total of 3674 individuals aged 75 or older underwent medical examinations at the Kailuan Group in 2006. Participants were divided into three groups by LDL_C values: the ideal level (LDL-C <2.6 mmol/l), appropriate level (2.6 mmol/l≤ LDL-C＜3.4 mmol/l) and elevated level (LDL-C≥3.4 mmol/l) groups. CVD and all-cause mortality events were recorded during the follow-up period. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to evaluate the effect of LDL-C on CVD and all-cause mortality events.Results: The average follow-up time was 9.87±3.60 years.After adjustment for confounding factors, the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model showed that CVD risk in the elevated group was 1.46 (95% CI, 1.08-1.97), acute myocardial infarction risk was 2.08 (95% CI, 1.26-3.44), and all-cause mortality risk in the appropriate level group and elevated group was 1.12 (95% CI, 1.00-1.25) and 1.17 (95% CI, 1.00-1.36), respectively, compared with those in the ideal level group. For every standard deviation increase in LDL-C, CVD risk increased by 10%, acute myocardial infarction risk increased by 21%, and all-cause mortality event risk increased by 4%. No association was found between elevated LDL-C levels and the risk of stroke.Conclusions: In the elderly population, elevated LDL-C levels are a risk factor for CVD and all-cause mortality.
Omega-3 fatty acid blood levels are inversely associated with cardiometabolic riskfactors in HFpEF patients
Authors: Lechner Katharina , Scherr Johannes , Lorenz Elke , Lechner Benjamin , Haller Bernhard , Halle Martin , Wachter Rolf , Duvinage André , Edelmann Frank 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objectives:To evaluate the association of Omega-3 fatty-acid (O3-FA) blood levels with cardiometabolic risk markers, functional capacity and cardiac function/morphology in HFpEF patients.Background:O3-FA demonstrated favorable effects on heart failure and associated phenotypic traits in experimental/clinical studies. In patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the association of O3-FA status with patient characteristics is unknown.Methods:This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the Aldo-DHF-RCT. From 422 patients, the omega-3-index (O3I=EPA+DHA) was analyzed in n=404 using the HS-Omega-3-Index® methodology. Patient characteristics were; 67±8 years, 53% female, NYHA II/III (87/13%), ejection fraction ≥50%, E/e´ 7.1±1.5; median NT-proBNP 158 ng/L (IQR 82-298). Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to describe associations of the O3I with metabolic phenotype, exercise capacity, echocardiographic markers for LVDF, and neurohumoral activation.Results:The O3I was below(<8%)/within(8-11%)/higher >11%) than the target range in 374 (93%)/29 (7%)/1 (0.2%) patients respectively. Mean O3I was 5.7±1.7%. The O3I was inversely associated with HbA1c (r=-0.139, p=0.006), triglycerides-to-HDL-C ratio (r=-0.12, p=0.017), triglycerides (r=-0.117, p=0.02), non-HDL-C (r=-0.101, p=0.044), body-mass-index (r=-0.149, p=0.003), waist circumference (r=-0.121, p=0.015), waist-to-height ratio (r=-0.141, p=0.005), and positively associated with submaximal aerobic capacity (r=0.113, p=0.023) and LVEF (r=0.211, p<0.001). We did not observe an association between the =3I and maximal functional capacity, echocardiographic markers of LVDF or NT-proBNP.Conclusions:Higher O3I was associated with a more favorable cardiometabolic risk profile and better submaximal aerobic capacity in HFpEF patients but did not correlate with echocardiographic markers for left ventricular filling pressures, left ventricular relaxation or neurohumoral activation.
Anticoagulation Treatment for Patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its clinical effectiveness in 2020: A meta-analysis study
Authors: Ge Jingyi , Ma Yingmin , Wu Zhipeng , Jin Jiawei , Sun Xiao 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective
To better inform efforts to treat and control the current outbreak with effective anticoagulant treatment strategies for coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) patients.
Methods
We searched Cochrane Library, Pubmed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCIEXPANDED, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CNKI (Chinese Database), WanFang (Chinese Database), CBM (Chinese Database), VIP (Chinese Database) for studies published from November 1st 2019 to October 1, 2020, and we searched references of identified articles. Studies were reviewed for methodological quality. A random-effects model was used to pool results. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot.
Results
Fourteen studies involving 7,681 patients were included. We meta-analyzed the bleeding, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism risk between no anticoagulation and prophylactic anticoagulation, and found no significant difference. The same trend occurred in the comparison between with and without anticoagulation. However, when compared with no anticoagulation, both prophylactic anticoagulation (OR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.69–0.93) and therapeutic anticoagulation (OR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.80–1.05) had lower risk of mortality. Furthermore, the risk of overall bleeding among patients with therapeutic anticoagulation was 3.11 times (95% CI: 2.29–4.24) than that of patients with prophylactic anticoagulation, on the contrary, therapeutic anticoagulation had lower risk of deep vein thrombosis than prophylactic anticoagulation (OR = 0.34, 95%CI: 0.19–0.63).
Conclusions
Among Covid-19 patients, preventive and therapeutic anticoagulation were more beneficial than no anticoagulation for reducing mortality risk. The result will inform healthcare providers and public health policy makers in their efforts to treat and control the current outbreak.
The Effectiveness of Tocilizumab in the Treatment of COVID-19 in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Authors: Chen Chun , Zhou ZeMei , Zhang Jing 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background: Since December 2019, COVID-19 has spread to the world which leads to a global health threat. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of tocilizumab on COVID-19 patients.Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and WHO international Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) from their inception to March 10, 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on tocilizumab supplementation in adults with COVID-19 disease. The primary outcomes were mortality at 28-30 day and 60-day, incidence of mechanical ventilation (MV), composite outcome of death or MV, time to hospital discharge, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to pool studies. Results: Eleven studies with a total of 6,579 patients were included in our meta-analysis, of which 3,406 and 3,173 were respectively assigned to the tocilizumab and control groups. Tocilizumab could significantly reduce 28-30 day mortality (RR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.99, P = 0.04), incidence of MV (RR= 0.79, 95% CI 0.71-0.89, P = 0.0001), composition outcome of MV or death (RR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.72-0.90, P = 0.0002), time to hospital discharge (HR = 1.30, 95% CI 1.16-1.45, P ＜ 0.00001 ), ICU admissions (RR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.88, P = 0.006), serious infection (RR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.40-0.94, P = 0.02) and events of serious adverse advents (RR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.47-0.86, P = 0.004). There was no significant difference between tocilizumab and control groups in 60-day mortality and adverse events (AEs).Conclusions: Tocilizumab could reduce the short-term mortality, incidence of MV, composite outcome of death or MV, ICU admissions, serious infection and events of serious adverse advents, and shorten the time to hospital discharge in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The optimal effective dose needs to be confirmed by further studies.
Discrepancy between PCR based SARS-CoV-2 tests suggests the need to re-evaluate diagnostic assays
Authors: Mushtaq Zain , Shakoor Sadia , Kanji Akbar , Shaheen Najma , Nasir Asghar , Ansar Zeeshan , Ahmed Imran , Mahmood Syed Faisal , Hasan Rumina , Hasan Zahra 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the possible cause of discrepancy between clinical and RT-PCR based diagnosis of patients with COVID-19.Results: Laboratory records of ten patients with mild to severe COVID-19 were examined. Initially, respiratory samples from the patients were tested using the Roche SARS-CoV-2 Cobas assay and were found to be negative. Further investigation for other viral causes of pneumonia was conducted using the Filmarray RP2.1 assay, which identified SARS-CoV-2 as the pathogen in all ten cases. To investigate whether this could be due to discrepancies between PCR assay, additional testing was conducted using the TaqPath TM COVID19 PCR. Eight of ten samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2 on the TaqPath assay. Further, Spike gene target failures (SGTF) were identified in three of these eight cases. Discrepancy between the three PCR assays could be due to variation in PCR efficiencies of the amplification reactions or, could be due to variation in the primer binding sites. The identification of strains with SGTF identify the possible presence of new SARS-CoV-2 variant strains. Regular modification of gene targets in diagnostic assays may be necessary to maintain robustness and accuracy of SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic assays to avoid reduced case detection, under-surveillance, and missed opportunities for control.
Thermal Inactivation of Aerosolized SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Canpolat Murat , Bozkurt Serhat , Şakalar Çağrı , Çoban Ahmet Yılmaz , Karaçaylı Deniz , Toker Emre 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide with its different variants. The transmission efficiency of the new variants is much higher than the existing ones. Therefore, developing new preventive measures based on the transmission routes of the virus is needed to limit the spread. The possible transmission routes include direct contact with surfaces contaminated with droplets secreted by patients and airborne viral transmission from person to person. Thermal inactivation is a preventive measure that applies high temperature to objects or fluids, as has been reported previously. However, inactivation data of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 exposed to heat for a short time at high temperatures are not in the literature yet. We evaluated the inactivation of the aerosolized virus while passing through an electric heater. The virus inactivation test experiments were conducted at two temperatures of the heater’s outlet air, 150±5 o C, and 220±5 o C, at an air flow rate of 0.6 m 3 /h (10 L/min) and heat exposure time of 1.44 s. The loss in viability of the virus at 150 o C and 220 o C was measured as 99.900% and 99.999%, respectively. The results indicate that the high-temperature inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 may potentially reduce aerosolized viral indoors.