bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transgenic rabbit models for cardiac disease research
Authors: Hornyik Tibor , Rieder Marina , Castiglione Alessandro , Major Peter , Baczko Istvan , Brunner Michael , Koren Gideon , Odening Katja E. 
Published: April 2021

To study the pathophysiology of human cardiac diseases and to develop novel treatment strategies, complex interactions of cardiac cells on cellular, tissue and on level of the whole heart need to be considered. As in vitro cell‐based models do not depict the complexity of the human heart, animal models are used to obtain insights that can be translated to human diseases. Mice are the most commonly used animals in cardiac research. However, differences in electrophysiological and mechanical cardiac function and a different composition of electrical and contractile proteins limit the transferability of the knowledge gained. Moreover, the small heart size and fast heart rate are major disadvantages. In contrast to rodents, electrophysiological, mechanical and structural cardiac characteristics of rabbits resemble the human heart more closely, making them particularly suitable as an animal model for cardiac disease research. In this review, various methodological approaches for the generation of transgenic rabbits for cardiac disease research, such as pronuclear microinjection, the sleeping beauty transposon system and novel genome‐editing methods (ZFN and CRISPR/Cas9)will be discussed. In the second section, we will introduce the different currently available transgenic rabbit models for monogenic cardiac diseases (such as long QT syndrome, short‐QT syndrome and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) in detail, especially in regard to their utility to increase the understanding of pathophysiological disease mechanisms and novel treatment options.LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed issue on Preclinical Models for Cardiovascular disease research (BJP 75th Anniversary). To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v179.5/issuetoc
A systematic review on machine learning for fall detection system
Authors: Rastogi Shikha , Singh Jaspreet 
Published: April 2021

AbstractFall is a major threat to the health and life of the elders. A Fall Detection System (FDS) assist the elders by identifying the fall and save their life. Machine Learning‐ (ML) based FDS has turned into a major research area due to its capability to assist the elders automatically. The efficiency of a FDS depends on its strength to identify the fall from nonfall accurately. The initial fall detection scheme depends on the threshold‐based classification to classify the fall from the Activity of Daily Living (ADL) but this classification method has failed to reduce the false alarm rate, which raises a question on the efficiency of the technique. This review work identifies the problems in threshold‐based classification from existing works and finds the need for an efficient ML‐based classification technique to accurately identify the fall. Then, presents a comprehensive literature review on various ML‐based classification in fall detection. Moreover, the scrutiny investigates the shortcomings associated with the ML‐based techniques for future research. This study finds that present ML‐based FDS has not addressed problems like data preprocessing and data dimensionality reduction techniques even though ML‐based techniques are far superior to threshold‐based techniques. The study concludes that Self‐Adaptive‐based FDS, as well as the complexity reduction of ML‐based models, should be concentrated in future research.
Whose intentions? What consequences? Interrogating “Intended Consequences” for conservation with environmental biotechnology
Authors: Barnhill‐Dilling S. Kathleen , Delborne Jason A. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractNovel genetic interventions may offer innovative solutions to environmental conservation challenges, but they also represent new kinds of risks and concerns for diverse publics. Yet, by focusing on potential negative outcomes of emerging technologies like gene editing, their potential utility in species protection could lead to overblown fears of unknown and unanticipated consequences. In response, Revive and Restore organized a workshop in June 2020 entitled, “Intended Consequences,” to highlight conservation successes in the discourse and governance of genomic interventions. This article argues that if we seek to emphasize Intended Consequences to embolden innovative conservation efforts, we must simultaneously query whose intentions are included and what consequences are considered to ensure that environmental goals are accompanied by the goals of responsibility, democracy, and justice. These questions reveal that the governance and management of conservation interventions always rest upon value judgements. Inspired and informed by the Responsible Research and Innovation framework, we encourage anticipation of potential outcomes, reflection on assumptions and intentions, inclusion of diverse stakeholders and perspectives, and a commitment to responding thoughtfully to concerns and preferences of communities and broader publics.
Bending properties of titanium lattice structures produced by electron beam melting process
Authors: Bellini Costanzo , Borrelli Rosario , Di Cocco Vittorio , Franchitti Stefania , Iacoviello Francesco , Sorrentino Luca 
Published: April 2021

AbstractLattice structures are characterized by good mechanical efficiency because their particular geometry confers high strength and stiffness coupled to lightweight. These structures can be produced using a wide range of technologies, but the additive manufacturing ones are the most promising. In this work, the flexural properties of titanium alloy lattice structure made by means of electron beam melting process were investigated through the three‐point bending test, carried out with three different span lengths. It was found that the span length influenced the load–displacement trend; moreover, the lower skin failure was observed in all the test conditions considered, but for the shortest span, the indentation of upper skin was found, too. The scanning electron microscope analysis showed the presence of dimples on the fracture surface, denoting a ductile fracture behavior.
Two classic OBPs modulate the responses of female Holotrichia oblita to three major ester host plant volatiles
Authors: Wei H.‐s. , Qin J.‐h. , Cao Y.‐z. , Li K.‐b. , Yin J. 
Published: April 2021

AbstractInsects possess a fairly sophisticated olfactory system in their antennae to detect odorants essential for their survival and reproduction. Among them, insect first perceives odour sources by odorant‐binding proteins (OBPs) to locate host‐plants. Methyl salicylate, (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate and dibutyl phthalate are major volatile components of Ulmus pumila and Ricinus communis and elicit strong responses of the scarab beetle Holotrichia oblita adults. However, olfactory perception of the scarab beetle to these odorant compounds is unclear. In the current study, we cloned the OBP6 and OBP7 of H. oblita. The expression pattern shows that the two genes were highly expressed in the antennae of female beetles. Binding assays verified that the HoblOBP6 had a better binding affinity to methyl salicylate, and so did HoblOBP7 to (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate and dibutyl phthalate. The effect on the responses of female beetles to the three compounds was decreased significantly after these two genes were silenced by RNA interference. These results indicate that HoblOBP6 and HoblOBP7 are essential for female H. oblita perception of methyl salicylate, (Z)‐3‐hexenyl acetate and dibutyl phthalate. Our study provides important insights into the olfactory mechanism of female H. oblita to ester plant volatiles and could facilitate the development of potential pest control strategies in the field.
The Children's Action‐Reaction Assessment Tool (CARAT) as an observational technique for assessing symptom management: An initial validation study with children aged 3–7 years undergoing needle procedures
Authors: Karlsson Katarina , Johnson Ensa , Nilsson Stefan 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPurposeFor many children, needle procedures are fearful events that are often painful. The first step in symptom management is to assess the child's pain and fear, and the next step is to use coping strategies to provide symptom relief for children who experience or feel pain and fear during procedures. The Children's Action–Reaction Assessment Tool (CARAT) is built on action–reaction strategies. This study aimed to determine the inter‐rater reliability of the CARAT when used during needle procedures with 3‐ to 7‐year‐old children.Design and MethodsWe used a quantitative approach in which 21 children were observed by two independent observers during needle procedures to evaluate the inter‐rater reliability of the CARAT. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, and the observation scores were calculated with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) test on SPSS for Windows, version 25.ResultsThe completed CARAT indicated the use of action–reaction strategies. Neither action nor reaction strategies were frequently used. The parents were seldom involved in the procedure. The inter‐rater reliability showed a sufficient correlation between the observers.Practice ImplicationsThis study showed promising results for the inter‐rater reliability of the CARAT, which can be used to facilitate care for children. The observational tool can be used to assess the use of action–reaction strategies in conjunction with needle procedures in children aged 3–7 years.
En bloc enucleation technique during holmium laser enucleation of the prostate: An analysis of its efficiency
Authors: Whiting Danielle , Penev Branimir , Ijaaz Anam , Guest Katherine , Cynk Mark 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectiveDespite the acknowledgment that holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is a safe, efficacious procedure with benefits over traditional treatments, it is not widely adopted. Its steep learning curve is considered responsible, and the new en bloc technique (EBT) aims to improve this.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 268 consecutive patients (215 lobe technique [LT] and 53 EBT) who underwent HoLEP between May 2016 and April 2020 was performed. Data were collected on patient demographics, prostate volume, enucleation time, prostatic weight, and length of stay.ResultsThere was no difference in mean prostate volume and enucleated prostatic weight between the LT and EBT (99.2 mL vs 98.5 mL, P = .95216, and 71.7 g vs 69.3 g, P = .92034, respectively). There was a reduction in mean enucleation time with the EBT to 37.7 minutes compared with 53.3 minutes (LT) (P < .00001). This translated to an improved operative efficiency of 1.84 g/min (EBT) compared to 1.33 g/min (LT) (P < .00001). The EBT demonstrated a continuous improvement in operative efficiency with increasing prostate size unlike the LT where efficiency plateaus.ConclusionsThe EBT for HoLEP demonstrates a significant improvement in operative efficiency which has the potential to reduce the surgeons’ learning curve and lead to more widespread adoption.
Mid‐ to Long‐Term Outcomes of Cementless Modular, Fluted, Tapered Stem for Massive Femoral Bone Loss in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Zheng Kai , Li Ning , Zhang Weicheng , Zhu Yi , Zhou Jun , Xu Yaozeng , Geng Dechun 
Published: April 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate mid‐ to long‐term results of revision total hip arthroplasty for massive femoral bone loss using a cementless modular, fluted, tapered stem.MethodsThis is a retrospective study performed at a single hospital. During the period of January 2007 to January 2015, 33 patients (34 hips) underwent primary revision surgery with cementless modular, fluted, tapered stems due to femoral bone loss. Sixteen men and 17 women were included in the study, with an average age of 63.9 ± 11.7 years (range, 27 to 88 years). Operative data including operative duration, length of incision, drainage volume and duration, blood loss and transfusion, cases of bone graft and extended trochanteric osteotomy were recorded. Clinical evaluation was performed using Harris hip score (HHS), visual analogue scale (VAS), and patients' satisfaction. Radiographic data including femoral stem fixation, subsidence, integrin of allograft bone, and leg length discrepancy were assessed. Complications and survivorship were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier survival rate.ResultsThe mean follow‐up was 9.1 ± 2.5 years (range, 5–13 years). The Harris hip score was 43.6 ± 11.5 preoperatively and maintained at 86.5 ± 6.6 at the time of latest follow‐up (P < 0. 05). The X‐ray showed bone ingrowth fixation in 30 hips (88%), fibrous stable fixation in three hips (9%), and instability in one hip (3%). The average stem subsidence was 3.9 ± 2.2 mm (range, 1 to 10 mm). The mean difference in leg length in our study was 3.3 ± 2.7 mm (range, 0 to 10 mm), and the leg length discrepancy in 28 (82%) patients was within 5 mm. No case of junction fracture was observed. Seven (21%) intraoperative fractures occurred in our study. Three (9%) cases with infection were observed after revision. Six (18%) patients had lower limb vein thrombosis. The survivorship of prostheses with re‐revision for any reason was 95% (95% CI, 12.0 to 13.0) at the 10‐year follow‐up. Three (9%) re‐revisions were needed, including one for aseptic loosening, one for dislocation, and one for infection.ConclusionThe mid‐ to long‐term results of revision total hip arthroplasty with the cementless modular, fluted, tapered stems are encouraging for massive femoral bone loss.
Deep‐learning approach in the study of skin lesions
Authors: Filipescu Stefan‐Gabriel , Butacu Alexandra‐Irina , Tiplica George‐Sorin , Nastac Dumitru‐Iulian 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundMedical technology is far from reaching its full potential. An area that is currently expanding is that of precision medicine. The aim of this article is to present an application of precision medicine—a deep‐learning approach to computer‐aided diagnosis in the field of dermatology.Materials and MethodsThe main dataset was proposed in the edition of the ISIC Challenge that took place in 2019 and included 25 331 dermoscopic images from eight different categories of lesions—three of them were malignant and five benign. The behavior of the model was also tested on a dataset collected from the second Department of Dermatology, of the Colentina Clinical Hospital.ResultsThe overall accuracy of the model was 78.11%. Of the total 5031 samples included in the test subset, 3958 were correctly classified. The accuracy of the model on the clinical dataset is lower than that obtained in the first instance.ConclusionThe architecture of the model can be considered of general use, being able to be adapted in an optimal way for a wide range of classifications. The model has achieved performance within the expected limits but can be further improved by new methods.
The Norwegian experience with nationwide implementation of fetal RHD genotyping and targeted routine antenatal anti‐D prophylaxis
Authors: Sørensen Kirsten , Bævre Mette S. , Tomter Geir , Llohn Abid Hussain , Hagen Kristin G. , Espinosa Aurora , Jacobsen Barbora , Arsenovic Mirajana Grujic , Sørvoll Ingvild Hausberg , Ulvahaug Aud Norunn , Sundic Tatjana , Akkök Çiğdem Akalın 
Published: April 2021

AbstractObjectivesTo reduce the risk of RhD alloimmunization during the last trimester of pregnancy, a targeted routine antenatal anti‐D prophylaxis (RAADP) programme was implemented in Norway in 2016. Here, we present and discuss our experience with the nationwide implementation of the programme, and report sample uptake and preliminary data of de novo anti‐D in pregnancy.BackgroundThe targeted RAADP was advised by the academic community and evaluated by the health authorities. A National Working Group has conducted the implementation in the transfusion services and contributed to organise the administration of the antenatal anti‐D prophylaxis. Fetal RhD type is determined by non‐invasive prenatal testing at gestational week 24, and anti‐D prophylaxis is administrated at gestational week 28 only to women with RhD positive fetuses.MethodsWe describe the implementation process of targeted RAADP in Norway. The sample uptake is calculated by comparing the number of fetal RHD screens with the expected number of samples.ResultsThe sample uptake shows regional variations: 88%–100% after 3 years. Promising decrease in de novo anti‐D detected during pregnancy is observed.ConclusionsNationwide targeted RAADP is implemented and included in the Norwegian maternity care programme. Compliance to sample uptake should further improve in some regions. A remaining issue to fulfil is the documentation of the accuracy of the fetal RHD‐typing at all sites. Post‐natal prophylaxis will then be guided by the fetal RHD result. Dedicated registries will ensure data to evaluate the expected reduction in pregnancy‐related RhD immunisations, which is the final success criterion of the programme.
Platelet CD36 deficiency is present in 2.6% of Arabian individuals and can cause NAIT and platelet refractoriness
Authors: Flesch Brigitte K. , Scherer Vanessa , Opitz Andreas , Ochmann Oswin , Janson Anne , Steitz Monika , Zeiler Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractBackgroundCD36 isoantibodies are capable of inducing neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT) and platelet refractoriness. As to now the CD36 type I deficiency has been reported in East Asian and African individuals. However, it is virtually unknown in Caucasians. The aim of this study was to display the prevalence of the CD36 deficiency within parts of the Arabian population in Germany. Secondly, we are presenting the case of a newborn suffering from NAIT which was induced by CD36 antibody.MethodsPlatelet (p) CD36 was determined by flow cytometry on 1328 samples mainly from individuals of Arabian origin and a family with a neonate affected by NAIT. DNA sequencing was performed on all pCD36‐negative samples.ResultsThirty‐five (2.64%) of all donor samples were pCD36 negative, 19 (1.43%) had a weak expression. Including only individuals from the Arabian peninsula, frequencies were 3.39% and 1.75%, respectively. CD36 type I deficiency on both platelets and monocytes combined with a CD36 isoantibody were detected in the mother of the NAIT baby. The baby was successfully transfused with two HPA‐unselected platelet concentrates. In case of need, two platelet units with a weak pCD36 expression were on hand. A total of 45 different CD36 mutations were detected within pCD36‐negative individuals, some being homozygous, most of them only present on one allele.ConclusionThe CD36‐negative phenotype is present in a significant number of individuals of Arabian origin and enables CD36 isoimmunization in NAIT or refractoriness. Blood transfusion services should be aware of such cases.
Diagnostic imaging in acute interstitial pneumonia in foals: High variability of interpretation of chest radiographs and good conformity between ultrasonographic and post‐mortem findings
Authors: Punsmann Sophia , Hellige Maren , Hoppe Judith , Freise Fritjof , Venner Monica 
Published: April 2021

AbstractAcute interstitial pneumonia (AIP) in foals is a rare but challenging syndrome. Diagnostic imaging is crucial for its diagnosis. While there are some reports on radiographic findings, ultrasound is sparsely described. Variability in the evaluation of radiographs in AIP has been well described in human literature. Part one of this study is a prospective, observational, observer agreement study investigating inter‐ and intraobserver agreement in the assessment of thoracic radiographs. Part two is a prospective, controlled, descriptive study on thoracic ultrasonography in foals with AIP. Eighteen foals with AIP were examined daily by thoracic ultrasound. Thoracic radiographs were taken on three successive occasions. Blinded radiographs were assessed by three observers based on two semi‐quantitative scores (pattern recognition, subjective evaluation). Foals that died underwent postmortem examination (n = 9); postmortem findings were compared to ultrasound findings on the day of death. Ultrasonographic findings were consistent with postmortem findings. Comet tail scores in foals with AIP were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than in control foals. Interrater agreement for the assessment of radiographs was none to moderate (κ = 0.07–0.65) for pattern recognition and weak to moderate (κ = 0.58–0.62) for subjective scoring. Intrarater agreement varied from minimal to strong (κ = 0.30–0.80) for pattern recognition but was strong (κ = 0.83) for subjective scoring. In conclusion, the diagnostic value of thoracic ultrasound in foals with AIP is high due to good conformity with postmortem findings. The evaluation of thoracic radiographs showed high variability in inter‐ and intra‐agreement.
Exercise acutely increases vitamin D receptor expression in T lymphocytes in vitamin D‐deficient men, independent of age
Authors: Lithgow Hannah , Florida‐James Geraint , Ross Mark , Duncan Gary , Leggate Melanie 
Published: April 2021

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Does exercise affect vitamin D receptor expression in T lymphocytes in young, middle‐aged and older adults?
What is the main finding and its importance?
Moderate‐intensity cycling exercise increases vitamin D receptor expression in vitamin D‐deficient men, independent of age, presenting a strategy to combat the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency.
AbstractVitamin D plays a key role in the modulation of the immune system, mediated through the intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR). Exercise has been shown to influence the activity and availability of the VDR. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of age on basal immune cell (T‐lymphocyte) VDR expression and the subsequent effect of acute aerobic exercise to modulate VDR expression in peripheral T cells. Thirty‐five men were included in the study (mean ± SD: age 44 ± 17 years and body mass index 25.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2), separated into three age groups: 18–30 (n = 12), 31–45 (n = 11) and 60–75 years (n = 12). Participants completed two trials [control (CON) and aerobic exercise (AE)], with blood samples collected pre‐ and postexercise (0, 1 and 3 h). Peripheral blood T cells were isolated and analysed for VDR expression by flow cytometry. The results show that advanced age is associated with lower VDR expression in T cells (882 ± 274, 796 ± 243 and 594 ± 174 geomean in the 18–30, 31–45 and 60–75 year age groups, respectively). Acute AE was successful at acutely increasing VDR expression in T cells, irrespective of age. Advanced age corresponds to a lower T‐cell VDR expression, which might be responsible for age‐associated development of chronic conditions and autoimmunity. Exercise was successful in increasing VDR expression in T cells irrespective of age and independent of exercise‐induced T‐cell mobilization.