bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of Nighttime Electrofishing in the Lower Wabash River
Authors: Hine Eric C. , Colombo Robert E. , Meiners Scott J. , Moody-Carpenter Cassi J. , Maia Anabela 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Large rivers are highly important systems that require close monitoring of the ecological consequences of factors like commercial and recreational exploitation, channel alterations, and climate change. The Long-Term Survey and Assessment of Large River Fishes in Illinois (LTEF) monitors the fish communities of the Illinois, Mississippi, Wabash, and Ohio rivers using daytime, pulsed-DC electrofishing between June and October each year. Previous research has documented diel differences in the catch and composition of fish communities. Therefore, the addition of nighttime electrofishing may be beneficial to the overarching goals of long-term monitoring. This study sought to determine whether there are significant diel differences in fish catch and composition in the Wabash River and whether these potential differences warrant the addition of nighttime sampling to the current protocol. We used nighttime, pulsed-DC electrofishing at fixed sites corresponding to LTEF sites in the lower Wabash River from June 7 to November 7, 2017. We compared catch per unit effort (CPUE), length distributions, family, and species composition between our nighttime electrofishing data and LTEF daytime electrofishing data. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling showed that the differences between nighttime and daytime electrofishing samples were driven by higher catches of catostomids, centrarchids, and lepisosteids. Nighttime electrofishing had significantly higher mean CPUE than daytime electrofishing, and the four families with significant differences were Catostomidae, Cyprinidae, Lepisosteidae, and Sciaenidae. Of the families for which we compared length data, only Sciaenidae had a significantly different length distribution, with a higher proportional catch of smaller individuals (&lt;100 mm) at night. Despite these differences, compositional shifts were minor, with overlap between daytime and nighttime sampling. Due to the compositional similarities between night and day, the costs of adding nighttime electrofishing to long-term monitoring would not be necessary. We would recommend nighttime electrofishing for targeting specific taxa and age-classes that are underrepresented in daytime samples.
Methods for Estimating Abundance and Associated Uncertainty from Passive Count Technologies
Authors: Putt Annika E. , Ramos-Espinoza Daniel , Braun Douglas C. , Korman Josh 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Passive count technologies (e.g., resistivity counters, infrared cameras, and sonar/hydroacoustic cameras) are increasingly being used to enumerate migratory fish populations, but methodologies for converting counts into abundance estimates with uncertainty are not available. Passive counters are typically paired with a secondary data collection method, such as video, images, or direct observation, to validate or correct the count data for false positives and false negatives. We developed a framework that incorporates measurement error into passive counter estimates based on a statistical comparison with validation data. We demonstrate this framework using resistivity counter and video validation data collected for Gates Creek Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka as they migrated through a fish passage facility at the Seton Dam in British Columbia, Canada. We also conducted simulations to evaluate the trade-offs between validation effort and accuracy and precision of abundance estimates, which can be used to plan passive counter postprocessing and validation. We found our method to be accurate and precise when abundance was high (i.e., &gt;1,000), even when validation effort was low (i.e., 5% validation). There was a positive estimation bias when abundance was low (i.e., 100), and a minimum of 25% validation was required to achieve a CV of 15% and relative error less than 10%. When estimating abundance for small populations, higher validation effort is required to obtain sufficient precision in abundance estimates. Measurement error should not be overlooked in passive fish count technologies, and we provide a robust method for generating uncertainty in abundance estimates that increases their utility for population assessment and conservation.
Density gradient‐based adaptive refinement of analysis mesh for efficient multiresolution topology optimization
Authors: Mezzadri Francesco , Qian Xiaoping 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn topology optimization, the finite‐element analysis of the problem is generally the most computationally demanding task of the solution process. In order to improve the efficiency of this phase, in this article we propose to represent regions with zero density gradient by a coarser analysis mesh. The design is instead represented in a uniform mesh. We motivate the density gradient‐based adaptive refinement by discussing the topological meaning of the density gradient and how it can help avoid loss of information during projections or interpolations between design and analysis meshes. We also study the adaptiveness of the mesh and its ability to detect the topology change of the design. An a posteriori error analysis is performed as well. Furthermore, we provide theoretical and numerical considerations on the reduction of the number of degrees of freedoms of the adaptive analysis mesh with respect to the uniform case. This translates into a faster solution of the analysis, as we show numerically. Finally, we solve several test problems, including large 3D problems that we solve in parallel on computer cluster, demonstrating the applicability of our procedure in large scale computing and with iterative solvers.
Dynamic instability of nanocomposite piezoelectric‐leptadenia pyrotechnica rheological elastomer‐porous functionally graded materials micro viscoelastic beams at various strain gradient higher‐order theories
Authors: Al‐Furjan M. S. H. , Yang Y. , Farrokhian Ahmad , Shen X. , Kolahchi Reza , Rajak Dipen Kumar 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe dynamic stability response of a micro sandwich beam with leptadenia pyrotechnica rheological elastomer (LPRE) core is studied. The top and bottom layers respectively are assumed as piezoelectric reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and porous functionally graded materials (FGM). The core and top layers are affected by magnetic and electric fields for the magnetic and piezoelectric characteristics of the layers, respectively. The Halpin‐Tsai micromechanics theory for obtaining the effective material properties of the nanocomposite layer is utilized. On the basis of Kelvin‐Voigt model, the structural damping of the smart micro beam is assumed. The microstructure is located on the viscoelastic model which is simulated using Visco‐Pasternak platform. The size effects are assumed according to the theory of strain gradient including three‐length scale constants. The various theories of first‐order shear deformation beam theory (FSDBT), third‐order shear deformation beam theory (TSDBT), parabolic shear deformation beam theory (PSDBT), and exponential shear deformation beam theory (ESDBT) are utilized for driving the governing equations according to the Hamilton's principle. The motion final relations are solved by the differential quadrature method (DQM) for presenting the dynamic buckling area. The effects of different components such as volume percentage and distribution of GPLs, porosities, magnetic field of LPRE, applied voltage, FG index, structural damping, and geometric components of the micro sandwich beam on the dynamic stability reign (DIR) of the system are shown. The results with other researcher papers are compared. The results show that the DIR increases by applying a magnetic field to the LPRE layer.
Characterization of fiber/matrix interfacial bonding strength of chemically grafted aramid fiber surface with epoxy resin composites
Authors: N Ramasamy , V Arumugam , C Suresh Kumar 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis research work focuses to improve the interfacial adhesion in aramid/epoxy composites by various chemical treatments of aramid fiber surface. The effect of chemical grafting on the fiber surface was studied using X‐ray diffractometer and field emission scanning electron microscopy. In addition, short beam and microbond tests were carried out to evaluate the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and interfacial shear strength (IFSS) respectively. Moreover, the single fiber tensile strength and fracture toughness of treated and untreated (NT) aramid fibers were computed. The results reveal that the ILSS and IFSS of erpichlorohydrin with phosphoric acid pre‐treated (TE‐P) fibers having 140.92% and 66.89% higher than untreated (NT) fibers. Consequently, the single fiber tensile strength of surface modified aramid filament is 31.22% higher than the untreated (NT) filament. Later, the Weibull model was developed to predict the single fiber tensile strength. Significantly, the result shows that the interfacial fracture toughness of TE‐P treated fibers was improved by 170.10% as compared with untreated (NT) fibers. Finally, fractographic analysis was employed to validate the improvement of interfacial adhesion properties in aramid/epoxy composites.
β‐Cyclodextrin‐based macroporous monoliths: One‐pot oil‐in‐oil emulsion templating and adsorption
Authors: Berezovska Inna , Sanguramath Rajashekharayya A. , Silverstein Michael S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe ability of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) to form a host–guest complex with relatively hydrophobic molecules such as bisphenol A (BPA), a common wastewater contaminant, has inspired the development of β‐CD‐containing polymers for adsorption applications. For the most part, these polymers are powders, which can limit their applicability. Here, low‐density (~0.1 g cm−3), macroporous monoliths based on unmodified β‐CD were synthesized using emulsion templating. The relatively simple, one‐pot, polyurethane synthesis took place within the external phase of oil‐in‐oil (o/o) high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) that contained β‐CD and a diisocyanate. The combination of o/o emulsions and a polyurethane reaction enabled the incorporation of relatively high β‐CD contents (up to 63 wt%) and limited the occurrence of the water–isocyanate urea reaction. The resulting open‐cell porous structures varied from an average pore size of 5.0 μm (lower surfactant content) to the typical structure associated with polyHIPEs (higher surfactant content), voids of ~50 μm and interconnecting holes ranging from submicrometer to ~2 μm. The compressive mechanical behaviors of the easily handled monoliths were similar to those of flexible foams, reaching strains of 70% without failure. The BPA adsorption capacities, up to 117.7 mg g−1, may make these monoliths advantageous for adsorption applications.
Au‐Nanoparticle‐Array/Aligned‐Ag‐Nanowire‐Based Flexible Dual Plasmonic Substrate for Sensitive Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection
Authors: Tang Zilun , Wu Jianyu , Liu Xiaochun , Su Qiuping , Yin Xingshan , Huang Zhiyi , Lin Xiaofeng , Lin Wenjing , Yi Guobin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe fabrication of flexible surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for sensitive detection on uneven or irregular surfaces is challenging. In this study, a flexible dual plasmonic SERS (FDPS) substrate rationally constructed using Au nanoparticle (AuNP) arrays/aligned Ag nanowires (AgNWs) and elastic polyurethane (PU) is demonstrated. It exhibits high sensitivity (detection limit of 10−8 m for melamine and 10−10 m for malachite green) and excellent reproducibility. The well‐designed structure of AuNP arrays/aligned AgNWs fabricated using block copolymer self‐assembly and oil–water–air interfacial self‐assembly successfully enhances the electromagnetic field through plasmonic coupling. In addition, the FDPS substrate retains a high SERS sensitivity after exposure to air at room temperature for 30 days because of the high stability of AuNP arrays and antioxidation characteristic of the PU covered on the aligned AgNWs. Even after undergoing stretching, bending, and twisting for 100 cycles, the FDPS substrate maintains a stable SERS activity owing to the introduction of the elastic PU. This study demonstrates a potential application of SERS detection under practical conditions for irregular surfaces and may be helpful in the development of flexible sensors.
PANTHER: Making genome‐scale phylogenetics accessible to all
Authors: Thomas Paul D. , Ebert Dustin , Muruganujan Anushya , Mushayahama Tremayne , Albou Laurent‐Philippe , Mi Huaiyu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractPhylogenetics is a powerful tool for analyzing protein sequences, by inferring their evolutionary relationships to other proteins. However, phylogenetics analyses can be challenging: they are computationally expensive and must be performed carefully in order to avoid systematic errors and artifacts. Protein Analysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships (PANTHER; http://pantherdb.org) is a publicly available, user‐focused knowledgebase that stores the results of an extensive phylogenetic reconstruction pipeline that includes computational and manual processes and quality control steps. First, fully reconciled phylogenetic trees (including ancestral protein sequences) are reconstructed for a set of “reference” protein sequences obtained from fully sequenced genomes of organisms across the tree of life. Second, the resulting phylogenetic trees are manually reviewed and annotated with function evolution events: inferred gains and losses of protein function along branches of the phylogenetic tree. Here, we describe in detail the current contents of PANTHER, how those contents are generated, and how they can be used in a variety of applications. The PANTHER knowledgebase can be downloaded or accessed via an extensive API. In addition, PANTHER provides software tools to facilitate the application of the knowledgebase to common protein sequence analysis tasks: exploring an annotated genome by gene function; performing “enrichment analysis” of lists of genes; annotating a single sequence or large batch of sequences by homology; and assessing the likelihood that a genetic variant at a particular site in a protein will have deleterious effects.
Structural basis for the interaction of SARS‐CoV‐2 virulence factor nsp1 with DNA polymerase α–primase
Authors: Kilkenny Mairi L. , Veale Charlotte E. , Guppy Amir , Hardwick Steven W. , Chirgadze Dimitri Y. , Rzechorzek Neil J. , Maman Joseph D. , Pellegrini Luca 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe molecular mechanisms that drive the infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)—the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)—are under intense current scrutiny to understand how the virus operates and to uncover ways in which the disease can be prevented or alleviated. Recent proteomic screens of the interactions between viral and host proteins have identified the human proteins targeted by SARS‐CoV‐2. The DNA polymerase α (Pol α)–primase complex or primosome—responsible for initiating DNA synthesis during genomic duplication—was identified as a target of nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1), a major virulence factor in the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Here, we validate the published reports of the interaction of nsp1 with the primosome by demonstrating direct binding with purified recombinant components and providing a biochemical characterization of their interaction. Furthermore, we provide a structural basis for the interaction by elucidating the cryo‐electron microscopy structure of nsp1 bound to the primosome. Our findings provide biochemical evidence for the reported targeting of Pol α by the virulence factor nsp1 and suggest that SARS‐CoV‐2 interferes with Pol α's putative role in the immune response during the viral infection.
Adaptive Variational Quantum Imaginary Time Evolution Approach for Ground State Preparation
Authors: Gomes Niladri , Mukherjee Anirban , Zhang Feng , Iadecola Thomas , Wang Cai‐Zhuang , Ho Kai‐Ming , Orth Peter P. , Yao Yong‐Xin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAn adaptive variational quantum imaginary time evolution (AVQITE) approach is introduced that yields efficient representations of ground states for interacting Hamiltonians on near‐term quantum computers. It is based on McLachlan's variational principle applied to imaginary time evolution of variational wave functions. The variational parameters evolve deterministically according to equations of motions that minimize the difference to the exact imaginary time evolution, which is quantified by the McLachlan distance. Rather than working with a fixed variational ansatz, where the McLachlan distance is constrained by the quality of the ansatz, the AVQITE method iteratively expands the ansatz along the dynamical path to keep the McLachlan distance below a chosen threshold. This ensures the state is able to follow the quantum imaginary time evolution path in the system Hilbert space rather than in a restricted variational manifold set by a predefined fixed ansatz. AVQITE is used to prepare ground states of H4, H2O, and BeH2 molecules, where it yields compact variational ansätze and ground state energies within chemical accuracy. Polynomial scaling of circuit depth with system size is shown through a set of AVQITE calculations of quantum spin models. Finally, quantum Lanczos calculations are demonstrated alongside AVQITE without additional quantum resource costs.
Research on path generation and stability control method for UAV‐based intelligent spray painting of ships
Authors: Cai Youhui , Zhou Honggen , Liu Jinfeng , Yuan Xin , Zhu Tianhu , Zou Shaofu , Wen Xiaojian , Du Chenxiao , Zhou Dazhi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an intelligent path planning method with multiple constraints to solve the problem of instability of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) intelligent spray painting (UAV‐ISP) systems for spray painting the outer panels of ships. Spray‐painting path planning is realized using the multiobjective particle swarm algorithm and ant colony algorithm. In addition, a stability control method for the UAV based on the linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) algorithm is proposed and controlled by Mission Planner ground station software to solve the stability control problem of UAVs during spray painting. Through the above two key technologies, the painting quality of the UAV‐ISP system is guaranteed. First, a three‐dimensional (3D) model of the ship was obtained in a 3D modeling environment. Then the paint paths were optimized using the multiobjective particle swarm algorithm. The optimized path planning results were then combined using the ant colony algorithm to obtain the final spray painting path. Force analysis of the UAV during spray painting was carried out using the Newton–Euler equation and catenary theory, and a mathematical model of the UAV spray‐painting system with multiload coupling was established. Finally, a stability control system for the spray‐painting UAV based on LADRC was designed. The experimental and simulation results show that the proposed painting path is accurate, the spray‐painting UAV has good stability, and the spray‐painting quality of the UAV‐ISP system meets the standards for the outer panels of ships.
Stem Cell Translational Medicine: The Tianjin Model Revisited
Authors: Chen Haidan 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Stem cells hold great promise for cell therapy to treat a wide spectrum of intractable diseases. Despite enthusiasm for stem cell therapy, the clinical and translational research of stem cells overall has been a slow and cumbersome process. This article uses the “technological system” as a framework to analyze the Tianjin model of stem cell translational medicine. It shows how heterogeneous elements interact with one another and relate to scientific, technological, social, economic, and political variables in order to fulfill the system goal of producing cell therapy in China. Then the strengths and weaknesses of the Tianjin model are compared with translational programs in other countries and the implications for the cell therapy industry are discussed.
Therapeutic use of Red Blood Cells and Platelets Derived from Human Cord Blood Stem Cells
Authors: Xie Xiaoyan , Yao Hailei , Han Xiaoyan , Yue Wen , Pei Xuetao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets derived from stem cells are possible solutions to the increasing demand for blood transfusion. Based on the availability of stem cells, their relatively defined differentiation mechanisms, and the massive exploration of induction systems, the generation of RBCs or platelets in vitro from cord blood hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (CB-HSPCs) has potential for clinical applications. However, information on the clinical translation of stem cell-derived RBCs and platelets in the literature and at the ClinicalTrials.gov website is very limited. The only clinical trial on cultured RBCs, which aimed to assess the lifespan of RBCs cultured in vivo, was reported by Luc Douay and colleagues. Of note, the cultured RBCs they used were derived from autologous peripheral blood HSPCs, and no cultured platelets have been applied clinically to date. However, CB-HSPC-derived megakaryocytes, platelet precursors, have been used in the treatment of thrombocytopenia. A successful phase I trial was reported, followed by phase II and III clinical trials conducted in China. In this review, the gap between the many basic studies and limited clinical trials on stem cell-derived RBCs and platelets is summarized. The possible reasons and solutions for this gap are discussed. Further technological improvements for blood cell expansion and maturation ex vivo and the establishment of biological standards for stem cell derivatives might help to facilitate the therapeutic applications of cultured RBCs and platelets derived from CB-HSPCs in the near future.
Toward achieving sustainable development: Searching for economic development and globalization thresholds in the foreign direct investment‐environmental degradation nexus
Authors: Aluko Olufemi Adewale , Ibrahim Muazu , Vo Xuan Vinh 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe need to reduce environmental degradation has led to the identification of several factors influencing environmental degradation, with the inflows of foreign direct investments (FDI) touted as a key factor. However, findings produced from the existing studies on FDI‐environmental degradation nexus are far from being conclusive, leaving policymakers under quandary regarding the precise effect of FDI on environmental degradation. We contribute to the FDI‐environmental degradation nexus debate by examining how economic development and globalization thresholds influences the role of FDI in environmental degradation in industrialized countries over the 1991–2016 period. We invoke a recently developed fixed effect panel threshold model estimation procedure that does not impose a prior functional form of the threshold. We find that FDI inflows mitigate environmental degradation when countries' levels of economic development and globalization are below the estimated thresholds. However, above the thresholds, higher FDI inflows significantly degrade the environment. Thus, unbridled economic development and globalization do not permit FDI to reduce environmental degradation.