bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic Stress and Posttraumatic Growth in Three Generations of Czech and Slovak Holocaust Survivors
Authors: Preiss Marek , Šamánková Dita , Štipl Jiří , Fňašková Monika , Nečasová Markéta , Bob Petr , Heissler Radek , Prokopová Alice , Heřmánková Tereza , Juričková Veronika , Sanders Edel , Wagenknechtová Eva , Rektor Ivan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe psychological consequences of trauma related to the Holocaust have been primarily studied in samples derived from Israel, North America, and Western Europe. Few studies have examined postcommunist countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The present study focused on three generations living in the Czech Republic and Slovakia after World War II (WWII): Holocaust survivors (71–95 years of age), their children (30–73 years of age), and their grandchildren (15–48 years of age). We compared scores on measures of posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS; the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist–Civilian Version) and posttraumatic growth (PTG; the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory) derived from three focal samples with scores from age‐matched comparison participants. Higher PTSS scores emerged for Holocaust survivors in all generations, η2P=.087 but only participants in the first generation reported higher PTG scores relative to the comparison group, with small effect sizes for the overall group differences, η2P=.029. These results are discussed in the historical and political context of postwar Czechoslovakia.
Comparison of Monopolar and Bipolar Stimulator Probes for Intraoperative Nerve Mapping During Thyroidectomy: A Prospective Study
Authors: Turk Yigit , Makay Ozer , Kamani Dipti , Okose Okenwa , Behr Ian J. , Ozdemir Murat , Icoz Gokhan , Akyildiz Mahir , Dionigi Gianlorenzo , Abdelhamid Ahmed Amr H. , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: August 2021

Objectives/HypothesisDuring intraoperative neuromonitoring in thyroid surgery, two different kinds of stimulator probes, monopolar and bipolar, are commonly used to stimulate the laryngeal nerves. We explore the unique characteristics of both of these probes as they relate to intraoperative laryngeal nerve mapping.MethodsTwenty‐one patients undergoing neuromonitored thyroidectomy by a single surgeon were enrolled. Electromyography (EMG) amplitude and latency measurements were prospectively recorded concurrently from 1 mA stimulation of vagus nerve (VN) and inferior/superior recurrent laryngeal nerve before (with and without fascia) and after thyroid resection using bipolar and monopolar stimulator probes.ResultsSignificantly higher amplitudes were obtained with monopolar stimulator probes as compared to bipolar probes, in several stimulation scenarios such as at right VN pre‐resection (carotid sheath intact), right VN pre‐resection (carotid sheath dissected), right VN post‐resection and left VN (carotid sheath dissected). No significant differences were found between amplitudes and latency values in all other stimulation scenarios.ConclusionsAccording to this study, both probes are reliable and safe for neural mapping. The kind of probe used during neural monitoring is based on surgical situations and surgeon preference.Level of Evidence3 (According to Oxford Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence) Laryngoscope, 131:E2718–E2726, 2021
Verifying the Benefits of Radical Treatment in Posttransplant Hepatocellular Carcinoma Oligo‐recurrence: A Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Au Kin Pan , Fung James Yan Yue , Dai Wing Chiu , Chan Albert Chi Yan , Lo Chung Mau , Chok Kenneth Siu Ho 
Published: August 2021

This study verified whether radical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) oligo‐recurrence after liver transplantation conveys survival benefits. A retrospective study of 144 patients with posttransplant HCC recurrence was performed. Propensity score matching was performed to adjust for baseline covariates between patients who received radical and palliative treatments. The primary endpoint was postrecurrence survival. A total of 50 patients (35%) received radical treatment for recurrence, and 76 (53%) and 18 (13%) patients received palliative and supportive treatments, respectively. Compared with the radical group, patients who received palliative treatment had more early recurrences (time from transplant 17 versus 11 months; P = 0.01) and more extensive disease in terms of tumor numbers (1 versus 4; P < 0.001), size of largest tumor (1.8 versus 2.5 cm; P = 0.046), numbers of involved organs (interquartile range [IQR], 1‐1 versus 1‐2; P = 0.02), and alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) level (7 versus 40 ng/mL; P = 0.01). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that early recurrence (time from transplant hazard ratio [HR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01‐1.03; P = 0.001), larger recurrent tumor (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.23; P = 0.01), liver recurrence (HR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.17‐2.90; P = 0.01), and log10AFP level at recurrence (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.52; P = 0.01) predicted poor survival. Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (HR, 0.331; 95% CI, 0.213‐0.548; P < 0.001) and radical treatment (HR, 0.342; 95% CI, 0.213‐0.548; P < 0.001) were associated with improved survival. After 2‐to‐1 propensity score matching for covariates, the 50 patients who received curative treatment survived significantly longer than the 25 matched patients who received palliative treatment (median survival time, 30.9 ± 2.4 versus 19.5 ± 3.0 months; P = 0.01). Radical treatment conveys survival benefits to HCC oligo‐recurrence after liver transplantation.
Macromolecular Nanotherapeutics and Antibiotic Adjuvants to Tackle Bacterial and Fungal Infections
Authors: Dey Rajib , Mukherjee Sudip , Barman Swagatam , Haldar Jayanta 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe escalating rise in the population of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) pathogens coupled with their biofilm forming ability has struck the global health as nightmare. Alongwith the threat of aforementioned menace, the sluggish development of new antibiotics and the continuous deterioration of the antibiotic pipeline has stimulated the scientific community toward the search of smart and innovative alternatives. In near future, membrane targeting antimicrobial polymers, inspired from antimicrobial peptides, can stand out significantly to combat against the MDR superbugs. Many of these amphiphilic polymers can form nanoaggregates through self‐assembly with superior and selective antimicrobial efficacy. Additionally, these macromolecular nanoaggregrates can be utilized to engineer smart antibiotic‐delivery system for on‐demand drug‐release, exploiting the infection site's micoenvironment. This strategy substantially increases the local concentration of antibiotics and reduces the associated off‐target toxicity. Furthermore, amphiphilc macromolecules can be utilized to rejuvinate obsolete antibiotics to tackle the drug‐resistant infections. This review article highlights the recent developments in macromolecular architecture to design numerous nanostructures with broad‐spectrum antimicrobial activity, their application in fabricating smart drug delivery systems and their efficacy as antibiotic adjuvants to circumvent antimicrobial resistance. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects are briefly discussed for further exploration and their practical application in clinical settings.
Approaches toward High Resilience Rubber Foams: Morphology–Mechanics–Thermodynamics Relationships
Authors: Prasopdee Thridsawan , Shah Darshil U. , Smitthipong Wirasak 
Published: August 2021

AbstractNatural rubber foam (NRF) products are frequently required in high resilience or high shape recoverability applications, which is in contrast to the fundamental nature of NRF. This study aims to improve NRF properties, such as recovery, by increasing the amount of vulcanizing chemicals (Vc) and adding cassava starch (Cs). Interestingly, increasing the amount of Vc and Cs improves mechanical properties and shape recoverability of NRF although the morphology of NRF with various concentrations of Cs is similar. The ratio of internal energy to the compression force is almost constant with various amounts of Vc and Cs because the degree of freedom of the rubber chains remains stable. NRF possesses better compression strength and shape recoverability with increasing amount of Vc (optimum of 16 phr) and Cs (optimum of 8 phr). Cassava starch is discovered as an attractive filler in comparison to traditional NRF fillers, such as charcoal and silica, due to its relatively low density.
The effect of material and experiential consumption on goal pursuit
Authors: Ho Cony M. , Wyer Robert S. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPrevious research predominately focuses on the negative aspects of material consumption. Thus, the primary purpose of this current research is to investigate the potential upside of material consumption on consumers' goal pursuit. Specifically, four studies show that whether individuals have recently engaged in experiential or material consumption determines how feedback about their performance in a later goal‐directed activity influences their goal‐relevant behavior. Experiential consumption triggers individuals' intrinsic motivation and focuses their attention on their enjoyment of engaging in an activity rather than the outcomes that result from doing so. Consequently, the feedback they receive about their performance in one task has little effect on their behavior in conceptually related situations. By contrast, the extrinsic motivation activated by material consumption leads individuals to use the feedback as an indication of the quality of their performance, motivating them to work harder on a later goal‐directed activity if the feedback they received was negative. Field studies confirm the implications of these findings in actual consumption situations.
In‐plane simultaneous multisegment imaging using a 2D RF pulse
Authors: Sun Kaibao , Zhong Zheng , Xu Zhongbiao , Dan Guangyu , Karaman M. Muge , Zhou Xiaohong Joe 
Published: August 2021

PurposeTo develop an in‐plane simultaneous multisegment (IP‐SMS) imaging technique using a 2D‐RF pulse and to demonstrate its ability to achieve high spatial resolution in EPI while reducing image distortion.MethodsThe proposed IP‐SMS technique takes advantage of periodic replicates of the excitation profile of a 2D‐RF pulse to simultaneously excite multiple segments within a slice. These segments were acquired over a reduced FOV and separated using a joint GRAPPA reconstruction by leveraging virtual coils that combined the physical coil sensitivity and 2D‐RF pulse spatial response. Two excitations were used with complementary spatial response profiles to adequately cover a full FOV, producing a full‐FOV image that had the benefits of reduced FOV with high spatial resolution and reduced distortion. The IP‐SMS technique was implemented in a diffusion‐weighted single‐shot EPI sequence. Experimental demonstrations were performed on a phantom and healthy human brain.ResultsIn the phantom experiment, IP‐SMS enabled a four‐fold acceleration using an eight‐channel coil without causing residual aliasing artifacts. In the human brain experiment, diffusion‐weighted images with high in‐plane resolution (1 × 1 mm2) and substantially reduced image distortion were obtained in all imaging planes in comparison with a commercial diffusion‐weighted EPI sequence. The capability of IP‐SMS for contiguous whole‐brain coverage was also demonstrated.ConclusionThe proposed IP‐SMS technique can realize the benefits of reduced‐FOV imaging while achieving a full‐FOV coverage with good image quality and time efficiency.
A Simple Entropic‐Driving Separation Procedure of Low‐Size Silver Clusters, Through Interaction with DNA
Authors: Buceta David , Dominguez Blanca , Vieitez Sara , Arias Iria R. , Ageitos J. Manuel , Blanco M. Carmen , Barone Giampaolo , Domínguez Fernando , López‐Quintela M. Arturo 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSynthesis and purification of metal clusters without strong binding agents by wet chemical methods are very attractive for their potential applications in many research areas. However, especially challenging is the separation of uncharged clusters with only a few number of atoms, which renders the usual techniques very difficult to apply. Herein, we report the first efficient separation of Ag2 and Ag3 clusters using the different entropic driving forces when such clusters interact with DNA, into which Ag3 selectively intercalates. After sequential dialysis of the samples and denaturalizing the DNA‐Ag3 complex, pure Ag2 can be found in the dialysate after extensive dialysis. Free Ag3 is recovered after DNA denaturation.
Effect of bond exchange rate on dynamics and mechanics of vitrimers
Authors: Perego Alessandro , Khabaz Fardin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThermoset polymers are classified amongst the most challenging materials to recycle due to the permanent crosslinks that increase their strength and stiffness compared to their thermoplastic counterparts. Vitrimers provide a promising route to achieve the recyclability of thermosets by implementing dynamic covalent bonds within the network. In this study, a hybrid molecular dynamics (MD)‐Monte Carlo (MC) technique is used to simulate these adaptive networks constructed by a coarse‐grained model. The model proposed in this work describes the dynamic nature of the covalent bonds while maintaining a constant crosslink density. As this framework also shows flexibility in accommodating various exchange reaction activation energy via adjusting the energy difference in MC step, the dynamic and mechanical properties of the vitrimer system are intensely affected by the number of successful bond exchanges happening at every step. In both rubbery and glassy regimes, lowering the energy barrier of the bond exchange reaction results in enhanced motion for the vitrimer segments. This enhanced mobility, in turn, directly affects the stress–strain relationship of these networks, where a higher number of exchanges results in larger deformation before fracture even at low temperatures. Furthermore, the stress distribution in vitrimers shows more homogenous distribution before failure than in the thermoset network.
The emerging role of cannabidiol (CBD) products; a survey exploring the public's use and perceptions of CBD
Authors: Bhamra Sukvinder Kaur , Desai Ankita , Imani‐Berendjestanki Parmis , Horgan Maeve 
Published: August 2021

The market value of cannabidiol (CBD) is growing as people seek holistic ways of managing their health. The aim of this study was to explore the public's perceptions and use of CBD products, including where products were sourced, knowledge transfer and opinions on quality, safety and efficacy of CBD products. An online questionnaire was distributed via social and professional networks, in addition to face‐to‐face data collection days, which employed convenience and snowball sampling methods. A total of 597 participant responses were analysed, of which 10.9% (n = 65) claimed to use CBD products for a range of ailments, including anxiety and pain. CBD products were bought from healthcare stores, vape stores, pharmacies and online. Of those who did not personally use CBD (n = 532), 35% claimed they would like to try it. A positive attitude towards the safety and efficacy of CBD was attributed to CBD being a natural product. The study highlighted that the public continue to seek natural alternatives to supplement and maintain their health; hence, the popularity of CBD continues to rise. The lack of clinical evidence and regulation of CBD needs to be addressed to facilitate safe and effective use of CBD.
Compact representation of generalized molecular polarizabilities and efficient calculation of polarization energy in an arbitrary electric field
Authors: Wolinski Krzysztof , Pulay Peter 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGeneralized polarizabilities and the molecular charge distribution can describe the response of a molecule in an arbitrary static electric field up to second order. Depending on the expansion functions used to describe the perturbing potential, the generalized polarizability matrix can have rather large dimension (~1000). This matrix is the discretized version of the density response function or electronic susceptibility. Diagonalizing and truncating it can lead to significant (over an order of magnitude) speed‐up in simulations. We have analyzed the convergence behavior of the generalized polarizability using a plane wave basis for the potential. The eigenfunctions of the generalized polarizability matrix are the natural polarization potentials. They are potentially useful to construct efficient polarizability models for molecules.
Spigot in pneumothorax cavity: A rare complication of endobronchial Watanabe spigot
Authors: Miyoshi Shion , Kaburaki Kyohei , Otsuka Hajime , Kishi Kazuma 
Published: August 2021

Key messageSpigot dropping is a rare but an intractable complication, because it is difficult to salvage a dropped spigot from the thoracic cavity. If the pneumothorax with a large fistula is recurrent, replacement with a larger size spigot may be recommended.
Waterproof spray‐induced lung injury while using a heater
Authors: Higashi Yasuyuki , Yamasaki Kei , Orihashi Takeshi , Yatera Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2021

Key messageFluororesin in waterproof spray becomes a pyrolysis product due to the heat of tobacco as well as a heater and can cause lung injury. People should be aware that waterproof spray must not be used under these circumstances.
A Winner‐Take‐All Autoencoder Based Pieceswise Linear Model for Nonlinear Regression with Missing Data
Authors: Zhu Huilin , Ren Yanni , Tian Yanling , Hu Jinglu 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMissing data is a prevailing problem in predictive analytics. In this paper, a winner‐take‐all (WTA) autoencoder‐based piecewise linear model is developed to solve the nonlinear regression problem under the missing value scenario, which consists of two parts: an overcomplete WTA autoencoder and a gated linear network. The overcomplete WTA autoencoder is a stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE) designed to play two roles: (1) to estimate the missing values; (2) to realize a sophisticated partitioning by generating a broad set of binary gate control sequences. Besides, an iterative algorithm with renewed teacher signals is developed to train the SDAE. On the other hand, the gated linear network with the generated binary gate control sequences implements a flexible piecewise linear model for nonlinear regression. By composing a quasi‐linear kernel based on the gate control sequences, the piecewise linear model is then identified in the same way as a support vector regression. Experimental results have shown that our proposed hybrid model has a better performance than traditional models. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
PHLDA3 inhibition protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory response via the Akt/Nrf2 axis
Authors: Meng Xiaoxue , Zhang Lu , Han Bing , Zhang Zheng 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPleckstrin homology‐like domain family A, member 3 (PHLDA3) has a particularly critical role in regulating cell survival under stress conditions. However, whether PHLDA3 plays a role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury has not been studied. We aimed to assess the possible role of PHLDA3 in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. PHLDA3 expression was increased in myocardial tissue from rats with myocardial I/R injury and rat cardiomyocytes with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. PHLDA3 knockdown protected against myocardial I/R injury in vivo and H/R injury in vitro. Inhibition of PHLDA3 increased the activation of nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) associated with regulation of the Akt/glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) axis. Repression of Nrf2 reversed PHLDA3‐inhibition‐mediated cardioprotective effects. Taken together, our work demonstrates that PHLDA3 inhibition exerts a protective role in myocardial I/R injury via regulation of the Akt/GSK‐3β/Nrf2 axis. We suggest PHLDA3 as an attractive target for developing treatments against myocardial I/R injury.
Collar pressure mapping: An evaluation of seven collar types used on working donkeys in Europe
Authors: Rodrigues João B. , Garrett Chris , Norris Stuart L. , Albuquerque Francisco , Queijo Luis , Cooke Fiona , Judge Andrew 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackground: Working donkeys represent an important source of energy worldwide. Poor working conditions and equipment affect their ability to work. Poorly designed, ill‐fitted harness causes inefficient transfer of power and leads to health and welfare issues. Using technology to assess different types of collars provides a better understanding of those that are most efficient for working donkeys.Materials and methods: Seven different collars were tested using pressure pads. Contact area, median, maximum and peak pressures were obtained for the whole collar and critical points. Eight donkeys pulled 20% and 40% of their body weight, using each collar, under controlled conditions.Results: Contact area and pressures vary between collars and effort, with design and expansion capacity of the collars playing a major role. Simple collars designed specifically for donkeys performed well, with full collars designed for horses also having good results. Due to reduced expansion capacity and contact in the critical points, the breast collars were the least effective.Conclusion: Design, appropriate padding and manufacturing materials and adjustment capacity are key features for good collars, and such parameters are of paramount importance in terms of health and welfare for working donkeys.
Identifying the capabilities most important for veterinary employability using a modified Delphi process
Authors: Bell Melinda A. , Cake Martin A. , King Laura T. , Mansfield Caroline F. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn the veterinary profession, employability has been defined as ‘a set of personal and professional capabilities that enable a veterinarian to gain employment, contribute meaningfully to the profession, and develop a career pathway that achieves satisfaction and success’. This study was part of a multinational collaborative research project aiming to define the capabilities most important for employability in the veterinary context (www.VetSet2Go.edu.au).MethodsThe project gathered empirical evidence from multiple stakeholders including employees, employers, clients, team members, academics and professional bodies. These perspectives needed to be brought together as a cohesive body of evidence. We used a modified Delphi process, whereby a panel of experts were asked to reach consensus on the capabilities most important for veterinary employability, after considering the evidence from the sub‐projects.ResultsThe Delphi panel reached rapid consensus upon 21 of an initial 47 capabilities, including effective communication with clients and colleagues, teamwork, technical knowledge and skills, resilience and well‐being, adaptability, emotional intelligence, workflow management and empathy and compassion.ConclusionOf note for veterinary educators are those attitudinal items identified by this Delphi process as important to employability but potentially underemphasised in existing competency frameworks, such as accepts responsibility, keen to learn, diligence (high standard of care) and self‐awareness.