bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling a socialised chatbot using trust development in children: lessons learnt from Tay
Authors: Bridge Oliver , Raper Rebecca , Strong Nicola , Nugent Selin E. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn 2016 Microsoft released Tay.ai to the Twittersphere, a conversational chatbot that was intended to act like a millennial girl. However, they ended up taking Tay's account down in less than 24 h because Tay had learnt to tweet racist and sexist statements from its online interactions. Taking inspiration from the theory of morality as cooperation, and the place of trust in the developmental psychology of socialisation, we offer a multidisciplinary and pragmatic approach to build on the lessons learnt from Tay's experiences, to create a chatbot that is more selective in its learning, and thus resistant to becoming immoral the way Tay did.
Focused energy delivery with low grating lobes for precision electronic warfare via BCD framework
Authors: Yang Zhong‐ping , Zhang Jian‐yun , Li Zhi‐hui , Zhou Qing‐song , Yang Shu‐ning 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThis letter presents a new method of focused energy delivery (FED) with low grating lobes for precision electronic warfare (PREW). The transmitted signal model is modified by equipping each platform with a linear uniform antenna array, enabling the same performance with lower power and providing a greater degree of freedom in the design of the transmitted signals than traditional methods. Moreover, the L∞‐norm is considered as a regularization term in the model to simultaneously realize FED and alleviate the grating lobes. To solve the nonconvex NP‐hard multiobjective optimization problem (MOP), block coordinate descent (BCD) is employed to separate the problem into two subproblems with respect to the amplitude and phase components of the signals. Then, these two subproblems are solved using Taylor expansion (TE) and the alternating direction penalty method (ADPM), respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits superior performance compared to previous methods.
SIDO coupled inductor‐based high voltage conversion ratio DC–DC converter with three operations
Authors: Saadatizadeh Zahra , Chavoshipour Heris Pedram , Babaei Ebrahim , Blaabjerg Frede , Cecati Carlo 
Published: May 2021

AbstractHere, a single‐input, dual output (SIDO) coupled inductor‐based high voltage conversion ratio DC–DC converter is proposed. The proposed converter has the capability of operating as a SIDO converter in a way that the terminal of the input voltage source is exchangeable among the three ports. Therefore, there are three different operation modes for the proposed converter. The voltage conversion ratios of the high voltage ports over the low voltage port can be improved by increasing the turn ratio of the coupled inductors. The main advantage of the proposed converter is achieving high voltage gains with lower number of components for the whole range of duty cycles comparing to the conventional multi‐port high voltage gain converters. Moreover, two output voltages of the proposed converter can be simultaneously regulated on different constant levels with a good precision. In this study, the voltage conversion ratios, the inductors’ average currents, the voltage and current stress on the switches are calculated theoretically. Finally, an experimental prototype of 30 V input and 410, 260 V outputs with the power 510 W is implemented and the results are verifying the theoretical ones.
Altered Fibrinolysis in Hematological Malignances
Authors: Bønløkke Søren Thorgaard , Ommen Hans Beier , Hvas Anne-Mette 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBleeding and thrombosis are well-known complications to hematological malignancies, and changes in fibrinolysis impact both these issues. In the present systematic review, we provide an overview and discussion of the current literature in regards to clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of altered fibrinolysis in patients suffering from hematological malignancies, beyond acute promyelocytic leukemia. We performed a systematic literature search employing the databases Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science to identify original studies investigating fibrinolysis in hematological malignancies. Studies investigating fibrinolysis in acute promyelocytic leukemia or disseminated intravascular coagulation were excluded. We identified 32 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria. A majority of the studies were published more than two decades ago, and none of the studies examined all available markers of fibrinolysis or used dynamic clot lysis assays. In acute leukemia L-asparaginase treatment induced a hypofibrinolytic state, and prior to chemotherapy there seemed to be little to no change in fibrinolysis. In studies examining fibrinolysis during chemotherapy results were ambiguous. Two studies examining multiple myeloma indicated hypofibrinolysis prior to chemotherapy, and in another plasma cell disease, amyloid light chain-amyloidosis, clear signs of hyperfibrinolysis were demonstrated. In myeloproliferative neoplasms, the studies reported signs of hypofibrinolysis, in line with the increased risk of thrombosis in this disease. Only one study regarding lymphoma was identified, which indicated no alterations in fibrinolysis. In conclusion, this systematic review demonstrated that only sparse, and mainly old, evidence exists on fibrinolysis in hematological malignancy. However, the published studies showed a tendency toward hypofibrinolysis in myeloproliferative disorders, an increased risk of hyperfibrinolysis, and bleeding in patients with AL-amyloidosis, whereas studies regarding acute leukemias were inconclusive except with regard to L-asparaginase treatment, which induced a hypofibrinolytic state.
Recent Advances in Trigeminal Neuralgia and Its Management: A Narrative Review
Authors: Burman Sourav , Khandelwal Ankur , Chaturvedi Arvind 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTrigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic facial pain condition that affects one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve (5th cranial nerve). It can be idiopathic, primary, or secondary. The cornerstone of the therapy has been antiepileptic medications, peripheral nerve blocks with various neurolytic agents, and surgical procedures. With the advent of newer technologies, minimally invasive neurolytic techniques like low-level laser therapy and ozone injection have revolutionized the management of TN. Novel drugs like vixotrigine and eslicarbazepine have been promising in reducing the frequency and severity of attacks. Inhaled carbon dioxide too has shown promising results in initial trials. Neuromodulation has given robust data in controlling neuralgic pain especially refractory to medical management. Pulsed radiofrequency has been used with increasing success and the side effects like dysesthesia and paresthesia are less. Cryotherapy, neural prolotherapy, and fiber knife techniques have helped us believe that TN can be controlled and cured. The need of the hour is to develop and explore newer modalities for trigeminal neuralgia treatment with minimum side effects. In this narrative review, we have tried to shed light into the newer modalities of treatment of TN along with new clinical classification for better disease recognition and management.
Obesity, Migraine, and Overlapping Comorbidities in a Rural Pediatric Population
Authors: Walter Suzy M. , Dai Zheng , Wang Kesheng 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Objective This study aims to report the prevalence of obesity and overlapping comorbidities in a rural population of children and adolescents with migraine.

Design and Methods A cross-sectional, descriptive, secondary data analysis using a comprehensive patient database from the West Virginia University (WVU) Medicine Epic Clarity system will be reported. A review of electronic medical records of 990 children and adolescents, ages 7 to 17 years, evaluated for headache at a rural clinic from December 1, 2009 to December 31, 2017 was completed. The Chi-square test was used to identify any differences in demographic characteristics (age, gender, and race) and distribution of comorbidities (obstructive sleep apnea syndrome [OSAS], depression, and anxiety) among obese versus nonobese adolescents with migraine. Student’s t-test was used to identify any differences in the number of comorbidities between the two groups.

Results A total of 648 children and adolescents with a diagnosis of migraine were identified. Approximately 26.4% of the children and adolescents diagnosed with migraine (n = 648) met the criteria for being obese with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 30.6 kg/m2 (standard deviation [SD] = 6.5), ranging from 20.0 to 58.5 kg/m2. There were no significant differences between migraineurs who were categorized as obese versus nonobese in terms of gender (p = 0.8587), age (p = 0.1703), race (p = 0.7655), anxiety (p = 0.1841), or depression (p = 0.2793). Obese individuals have more comorbidities than nonobese individuals (p = 0.015). Additionally, the prevalence of OSAS was significantly higher among obese versus nonobese migraineurs (20 vs. 9.9%, p = 0.0007).

Conclusion Given the prevalence of obesity in rural pediatric populations and the reported neurobiological links between migraine and obesity, BMI needs to be monitored and weight management interventions included in plans of care for rural children and adolescents with migraine.
Uncommon Iatrogenic Devices Seen on Chest Radiographs
Authors: Raj Vimal , DG Santhosh Kumar , Tobias Richard A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractChest radiograph (CXR) is the most common imaging performed for both inpatients and outpatients. With advances in medicine and technology, newer devices/prosthesis are being used in the treatment of cardiothoracic conditions. Some of these are common while others are seen only in a handful of cases, especially in patients being treated or referred from tertiary care centers. It is important to know about these devices, their functionality, and radiographic appearances. Many of these devices also help us in understanding the clinical condition of the patient, as some are only used in unstable patients. Newer methods of life support are now available in intensive care units and these also can be seen on CXRs. In this review, we present various iatrogenic devices that we come across on a CXR and highlight important features to determine their correct placement and potential complications. The review looks at cardiac temporary and permanent pacing devices, cardiac interventional devices used to treat congenital heart disease, newer cardiac monitoring devices, and unusual surgical devices that one may come across on a CXR. We also suggest a stepwise algorithm to assess these devices on a CXR.
Examining the Validity of Pediatric Resident Self-Assessment in the Delivery Room
Authors: Ford Betté S. , Hagadorn James I. , Trzaski Jennifer M. 
Published: May 2021

Objective The validity of resident self-assessment of competence in neonatal resuscitation skills has not been studied. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that residents are accurate in self-assessment of basic delivery room resuscitation and bag-and-mask ventilation (BMV) skills by comparing resident self-assessed performance with assessment by observers.
Study Design We conducted a prospective repeated measures observational study. After each delivery residents and observers completed 13-question standardized assessments evaluating resident performance.
Results A total of 99 paired assessments were completed by 36 residents. Residents competently performed and identified correct versus incorrect performance of basic resuscitation steps. Residents were less competent in recognizing the need for BMV and were unable to self-assess BMV-associated performance accurately. In multivariable analysis, only basic resuscitation steps versus BMV were significantly associated with accurate self-assessment.
Conclusion Pediatric residents are less competent at performing advanced neonatal resuscitation skills and are unable to accurately self-assess performance of skills essential for neonatal resuscitation.
Key Points
Risk transfer beyond reinsurance: the added value of CAT bonds
Authors: Götze Tobias , Gürtler Marc 
Published: May 2021

AbstractReinsurance and CAT bonds are two alternative risk management instruments used by insurance companies. Insurers should be indifferent between the two instruments in a perfect capital market. However, the theoretical literature suggests that insured risk characteristics and market imperfections may influence the effectiveness and efficiency of reinsurance relative to CAT bonds. CAT bonds may add value to insurers’ risk management strategies and may therefore substitute for reinsurance. Our study is the first to empirically analyse if and under what circumstances CAT bonds can substitute for traditional reinsurance. Our analysis of a comprehensive data set comprising U.S. P&C insurers’ financial statements and CAT bond use shows that insurance companies’ choice of risk management instruments is not arbitrary. We find that the added value of CAT bonds mainly stems from non-indemnity bonds and reveal that (non-indemnity) CAT bonds are valuable under high reinsurer default risk, low basis risk and in high-risk layers.
Stigma and fear during COVID-19: essentializing religion in an Indian context
Authors: Biswas Debajyoti , Chatterjee Sanjukta , Sultana Parvin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA cursory inquest into the effects of SARS-CoV-2 exposes how easily the ramification of the pandemic has moved over from the physio-social to the psychosocial state of humans all over the world. Derogatory nomenclatures such as ‘Chinese-virus’ or ‘Corona-jihad’ can be seen as a part of a disjunctive politics of ‘representation’ as opposed to ‘representing’ with a metonymic effect. Such politics violates the protocol on naming new human infectious diseases set by World Health Organization. It also insinuates a long-term socio-political impression on the mental state of an individual or a social group, which may have an emasculating effect on the global solidarity to fight the virus. This calls for a nuanced psychosocial investigation with a specific analysis of how the ensuing stigmatization and fear can aggravate the contagion. With specific reference to the Indian sub-continent, this paper explains the socio-political orientation behind the essentialisation of a religious group that has led to the indictment of the minority community. By using Wagner’s theory of essentialisation and Critical Race Theory, this article shall endeavor to explore how media may play a crucial role in stigmatizing communities. Secondly, the paper also argues that the spiraling effect of such ostracisation leads to stigma and fear within the group which is not only dehumanizing but also detrimental to the concerted effort to contain the pandemic.
Design and assessment of a teaching program to address temporal concepts in Early Childhood Education and Primary Education using stories
Authors: Vivas-Moreno Verónica , Miralles-Martínez Pedro , Gómez-Carrasco Cosme Jesús 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn the educational field, there is a discussion about how to teach temporal concepts within Social Science in Early Childhood Education and in Primary Education. This debate arises from the young age of the students, which shows the need to make use of different teaching approaches from those used in other higher educational levels. As stories have been proved as an effective teaching method used in this educational level for the past 30 years, the research problem revolves around the following question: is it possible to teach temporal concepts in Early Childhood Education using a non-specific story to teach social sciences? For this reason, the purpose of this study was to design, implement, and assess a teaching program for the temporal concepts past/present/future, before/after, and change/transformation in the third year of Early Childhood Education using a non-specific story to teach social sciences. For a better understanding of the program, a brief explanation of the Spanish Educational system has been included. The participants of the study were the 47 students of an Early Childhood and Primary Education Center in Molina de Segura, Murcia, Spain. Quantitative data were analyzed using the software program SPSS v. 24. With the goal of evaluating the students’ achievement of each activity’s objectives, as well as the teaching program as a whole, percentages and frequencies of the assessment charts’ different components were calculated. Once the data from the brainstorming session on the students’ prior knowledge of temporal concepts had been collected, it was transcribed and organized in the corresponding chart. In this way, a primary text document was created. Together with the Initial Questionnaire on Temporal Concepts (IQTC) and the Final Self-assessment Questionnaire (FSQ), which did not require transcription, three hermeneutic categories were created, one for each document, using the program ATLAS.ti (version 7.5.2). The results showed a high percentage of fulfillment of the objectives, with somewhat significant differences between one class and another. These results lead us to conclude that the temporal concepts chosen for this teaching program can be taught in third-year Early Childhood Education classes using the story Ramona la mona by Aitana Carrasco.
Biological control on plant pathogenic fungus, Pythium by using some plant extracts in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Hamdi Rajaa Fadhil , Hawas Musa Farkad , Sarhan Alrawi Sameer 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The inhibitory activity of 5 plant extracts, Allium sativum, Opuntia ficus-indica, Malva parviflora, Mentha spicata and Plantago lanceolata with concentration 50 % and 100 % were assessed against the mycelial growth of Pythium fungus in vivo and in vitro. Results showed that all the concentrations of plant extracts give significant inhibition in the mycelial growth of Pythium fungus; the highest concentration (100 %) prevented large amounts of mycelial growth followed by lower concentration (50 %) of plant extracts. Opuntia extract at 100 % concentration gave great effective in inhibition of Pythium’s mycelial production, which gave 100 per cent inhibition ratio while 50 per cent concentration gave 77.28 % inhibition ratio followed by other plant extracts, Mentha, Allium sativum, Plantago, then Malva respectively. In vivo experiments, tomato seed infused in five plant extracts separately and then sown with soil contaminated with Pythium fungus and watered after that with these five plant extracts. After 30 days, the length of the stems and roots were measured in centimetres. While the tomato seeds which were soaked with distilled water and then sown in polluted soil with fungus Pythium, and watered with distilled water (control) did not show any growth.
Histological structure of the Tongue in Mongoose (Herpestes javanicus)
Authors: Al-Jumaily Iman Sami Ahmed , Ibrahim Marwa Khalil , Abid Wijdan Bashir 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the histological structure of the tongue in Mongoose (Herpestes javanicus) and its related to the feeding pattern. Five adult animals were used in this study. The tongues were dissected and fixed in 10% formalin, then prepared by following stages (dehydration, clearing, and embedding). The serial section(5μ) were stained with(H&E) and some special stains. The histological examination showed that the tongue consists of three tunicae (mucosa, submucosa and musclaris) and the lining epithelium of the filiform papillae is composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue. The cylindrical papillae are covered with a highly keratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue, whereas the keratinized stratified squamous epithelium tissue is weakly keratinized at fungiform papillae, whilst circumvallate papillae are non-keratinized. The medullary of the papillae consists of a loose connective tissue which is considered as the lamina propria of the tongue, while the tunica submucosa consists of dense connective tissue. The muscularis is composed of skeletal muscle fibres arranged in three direction longitudinal, transverse and obliquate. The lingual glands(Von-Ebner and Weber) placed on both sides of the lingual root at the tunica submucosa and extend to the tunica muscularis. This study pointed out that the secretion of glands is mixed and the mucin is more neutral than acid.
Synthesis, Theoretical Treatment and Investigation of Adsorption of 4,4’-((1E,1’E)-(Methylenebis(4,1-phenylene))bis(diazene-2,1-diyl))bis(naphthalen-1-ol) on Olive Peel
Authors: Khudair Zainab J. , Khawla K. Jassim , Seewan Ameena N. 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
In this study, the compound 4,4’-((1E,1’E)-(methylenebis(4,1-phenylene))bis (diazene-2,1-diyl))bis (naphthalen-1-ol) synthesized by reaction of 4,4’-Diaminodiphenylmethane with Alpha-naphthol. This compound was identified by using an element C.H.N analyzer, Infra-Red spectrum, Ultraviolet and Visible spectrum, and GC-Mass spectrometry. We used olive peels to adsorb the synthesized dye from an ethanol solution. The results obtained showed that olive peel has a good adsorption on the bis-azo dye. Temperature and pH effect were studied under multiple conditions. The result showed that the adsorption increased with temperature increasing, and adsorption efficiency according to pH as 7<4<9. Theoretical treatment was studied in gas phase for molecular mechanics and semi-empirical computations using the hyper chem8 program. Dipole moment, formation heat and binding energy were done via the methods (PM3 and ZINDO/S) at 25°C. Electrostatic potential of active sites were also studied for the newly synthesized bis-azo dye. Vibrational values were evaluate using PM3 method, the theoretical frequencies obtained from the calculations were consistent with the experimental values. HOMO & LUMO (frontier orbitals) were studied by PM3 method, electronic spectrum was also studied using ZINDO/S method and compared with experimental spectrums. The results obtained were closely related between the theoretical and experimental spectrum.
Preparation of Polystyrene/Polyacrylonitrile Blends by Electrospinning Technique
Authors: Oleiwi Ahmed H , Jabur Akram R , Alsalhy Qusay F 
Published: May 2021

AbstractNew blend material membranes as fibers produced by electrospinning technology and these membranes were characterized and evaluated their properties in this research. Polyacrynitrile polymer mixed physically with polystyrene to produce the blend membranes. FTIR confirm the occurrence of polymeric blends by establishing the absence of new chemical reactions occurs. The hydrophobicity of the membrane was reduced by increase the PAN percent in the blend. Field emission scanning electron microscopy used to study the morphologies of the membranes and illustrated the average diameters of produced fibers which found about 1.68-0.73 μm. The average pore size found about 1.28 – 0.31 μm for blend membranes. The result showed an increasing in fibers diameter and pore size with increasing of the PAN percent while the membranes porosity still high percentage about 98%.