bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of treatment of Hp‐associated ulcers (898.2)
Authors: Omarov T. , Abduldayeva A. 
Published: June 2021

H.pylori eradication of existing treatment regimens do not lead to absolute efficiency. The purpose of the study. To study the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer.Materials. We observed 40 patients with gastroduodenal ulcer in the acute phase. Towards to integrated eradication therapy fertal to 1 capsule 2 times a day was added and bifiform in 2 capsules 3 times a day for a month.Results. In the period of acute ulcer decrease in the total number of E.coli was observed with normal enzymatic activity at 66.6%蠄107 CFU, Bifidobacterium Lactobacterbum and in 90.5% and 76.2% CFU蠄108 and 106, respectively. Increasing the number of E. coli with reduced enzyme activity in 47.6%蠅107 cfu, pathogenic Citrobacter 85.7%蠅106 cfu, fungi of the genus Candida in 42.8% of 蠅105 cfu .After treatment, scarring and ulceration H.pylori eradication was observed in 100% of patients , a normal level and Bifidobacterium Lactobacterbum at 100% at a concentration of蠅108 CFU , respectively, 106, E. coli with normal enzyme activity to 90% at a concentration of CFU蠅107i Citrobacter genus Candida fungi and 80% at a concentration of蠄105 CFU and 蠄 104, respectively.Conclusions: Probiotics in treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer increase Helicobacter pylori eradication rates, early relief of pain and dyspeptic syndromes, recovery of intestinal microflora and prevent the development of antibiotic‐associated diarrhea.
IKKβ deletion in intestinal macrophages but not intestinal epithelial cells ameliorates intestinal injury in a neonatal mouse NEC model (902.7)
Authors: De Plaen Isabelle , Liu Shirley , Managlia Elizabeth , Tian Runlan 
Published: June 2021

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is thought to be due to an exaggerated inflammatory response in the premature intestine. We previously found that nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) mediates the intestinal injury in experimental NEC. However, the cell‐types in which NF‐κB activation is critical are unknown. Here, we examine the respective role of epithelial cell and macrophage NF‐κB activation in a neonatal mouse NEC model, using mice lacking IKKβ, the upstream kinase responsible for NF‐κB activation in these cell‐types. Lys‐Cre+/‐ IKKβF/F, Villin‐Cre+/‐ IKKβF/F and IKKβF/F mice were exposed to a NEC protocol consisting in adult commensal bacteria inoculation/ hypoxia/cold stress/formula feeding. Pups were closely observed and euthanized at 72 hours of age or when showing signs of distress and their intestine examined histologically. Cell‐specific deletion of IKKβ was confirmed in the neonatal pups. The incidence of severe NEC (score 蠅2) was significantly decreased in Lys‐Cre+/‐ IKKβF/F pups compared to IKK βF/F controls (3/23 vs 16/23, χ2=12.9, p<0.001). However, there were no difference in the incidence of severe NEC between Villin‐Cre+/‐ IKKβF/F and IKK βF/F controls (13/28 vs 19/34, χ2=0.23, NS). Our data suggest that NF‐κB in macrophages but not intestinal epithelial cells mediates the intestinal injury in our mouse model of NEC.Grant Funding Source: NIH (R01‐HD060876)
GPR43 activation with COX inhibition induces duodenal injury via 5‐HT pathway (905.1)
Authors: Akiba Yasutada , Kaji Izumi , Kaunitz Jonathan 
Published: June 2021

The reason why NSAIDs injure the small intestinal mucosa, but spare the duodenal mucosa is unknown. The short‐chain fatty acid receptor GRP43 is expressed in 5‐HT containing enterochromaffin cells, and a selective GPR43 agonist phenylacetamide‐1 (PA1) increases duodenal HCO3‐ secretion (DBS) via 5HT4 receptor activation. We hypothesized that GPR43 activation modulates duodenal mucosal defenses via 5‐HT release in an NSAID‐induced intestinal injury model.We measured DBS with pH and CO2 electrodes in vivo through a duodenal loop, perfused with PA1 (0.1 ‐ 10 µM) while measuring released 5‐HT in the portal vein (PV). Intestinal injury was induced by indomethacin (IND, 10 mg/kg, sc) with or without PA1 (0.1 ‐ 1 mg/kg, ig), the 5HT3 antagonist ondansetron (Ond, 3 mg/kg, ip), omeprazole (OPZ, 10 mg/kg, ig), or atropine (10 mg/kg, ig).Luminal perfusion with PA1 dose‐dependently increased DBS accompanied by 5‐HT release into PV. IND induced small intestinal ulcers with duodenal sparing. PA1 + IND dose‐dependently induced duodenal lesions, whereas PA1 alone had no effect. PA1 + IND‐induced duodenal lesions were inhibited by Ond or OPZ, but not by atropine. Non‐duodenal intestinal lesions were reduced by Ond or atropine, but not by OPZ as previously reported.These results suggest that although GPR43 activation enhances mucosal defenses by increased DBS via 5HT4 activation, GPR43 activation combined with COX inhibition may increase the vulnerability of the duodenal mucosa to gastric acid via 5HT3 activation.Grant Funding Source: Supported by VA Merit Review, NIH R01 DK54221
Modeling the transcriptomics response of the late‐gestation fetal hypothalamus to estradiol and brachiocephalic occlusion (910.10)
Authors: Urbano Miguel , Chang Eileen , Rabaglino Maria , Richards Elaine , Wood Charles 
Published: June 2021

Estradiol (E2) is a well‐known modulator of fetal neuroendocrine activity, and has been proposed as a critical endocrine signal readying the fetus for birth and postnatal life. To investigate the modulatory role of E2 on fetal stress responsiveness and the response of the fetal brain to asphyxic stress, we subjected chronically catheterized fetal sheep to a transient (10 min) brachiocephalic occlusion or sham occlusion. Half of the fetuses received subcutaneous pellets that released E2 (~250 μg/day, increasing plasma E2 from 62±6 to 102±12 pg/mL). Hypothalamic mRNA was analyzed using the Agilent 8x15k ovine array (019921), processed and annotated as previously reported by our laboratory. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, using JMP Genomics (SAS Institute), revealing that E2 differentially regulated (DR) 561 genes, BCO DR 894 genes and estradiol+BCO DR 1153 genes compared to BCO alone (all p<0.05). E2 upregulated epigenetic pathways and downregulated local steroid biosynthesis, but did not significantly involve genes known to directly respond to the estrogen receptor (contain ERE sequences). BCO upregulated kinase pathways as well as genes associated with lymphocyte infiltration into the brain, and downregulated neuropeptide synthesis. E2 upregulated immune‐ and apopotosis‐ related pathways after BCO, and reduced kinase and epigenetic pathway responses to the BCO. Array results are consistent with the results of more limited hypotheses previously published from these experiments and real‐time PCR validation of neuropeptide and immune‐related genes (CRH, CRHBP, POMC, AGRP, IL1β, TNFα) confirmed the array results. We conclude that increased E2 plasma concentrations invoke epigenetic pathways and appear to exacerbate brain inflammation after BCO. Actions of E2 in the fetal brain might not be dependent on ERα‐mediated gene transcription.Grant Funding Source: Supported by HD033053 and DK076541
Fine particulate matter in the inspired air within the limits recommended by WHO alters placental structure (910.3)
Authors: Soto Sonia , Lopes Karen , Veras Mariana , Heimann Joel 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To evaluate the effects of PM during the perinatal period on placenta.Methods: Female Wistar rats (7‐9/group) were exposed to filtrated air (F) or PM (P) for 15 days. After mating, rats were divided in 4 groups and again exposed to F or P (FF, FP, PF, PP). At 19th day of pregnancy fetal placentas (fPl), decidua (Dc) and fetus were collected. Several fetal and placental parameters were evaluated. In addition, placental and maternal serum ACE activity was measured.Results (mean±SEM ‐ p<0.05):

FF
FP
PF
PP

Mass (g)
fPl+Dc
0.63±0.010
0.61±0.009
0.57±0.0141
0.55±0.0071

fPl
0.42±0.006
0.44±0.006
0.40±0.0051,2,4
0.43±0.004

Dc
0.13±0.005
0.14±0.008
0.12±0.0051,2
0.12±0.0071,2

Thickness (mm)
fPl
4.42±0.10
4.16±0.06
3.93±0.091,4
4.40±0.11

Dc
3.15±0.10
2.77±0.091
2.92±0.09
2.95±0.11

Surface area (mm2)
fPl
117.6±2.37
90.20±2.191
101.1±2.971,2
101.7±2.281,2

(LDxTDxÏ€)/4
Dc
32.64±1.46
24.0±0.601
28.4±1.111,2
26.73±1.461

ACE activity
fPl
1.05±0.07
0.99±0.11
1.12±0.10
1.35±0.24

(nmol His‐leu/min/mL)
Dc
0.83±0.07
0.67±0.06
0.59±0.051
0.53±0.051

Serum
33.50±1.39
28.89±1.371
28.90±1.671
26.53±1.061

1vs FF,; 2vs FP; 3vs PF; 4vs PP. TD and LD=transversal and longitudinal diameter.Conclusions: PM affects placental structure and ACE activity with a possible prejudice of transference of nutrients from mother to fetus.Grant Funding Source: Supported by FAPESP and CNPq
l‐Leucine partially ameliorates developmental deficits in zebrafish models for Cornelia de Lange syndrome (910.7)
Authors: Xu Baoshan , Sowa Nenja , Gerton Jennifer 
Published: June 2021

Cohesinopathies are genetic disorders characterized by defects in fetal growth retardation such as Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) and Roberts syndrome (RBS). These diseases are caused by mutations in genes that contribute to the function of the cohesin complex such as NIPBL, Smc1A, Smc3, HDAC8, Rad21 and ESCO2. Although the essential role of the cohesin complex in chromosome segregation has been well documented, it also plays roles in DNA damage repair, chromosome conformation, and gene expression. We recently reported L‐leucine can partially rescue several defects in zebrafish models for RBS by stimulating the TOR (target of rapamycin) pathway. In this study, we investigate the TOR and p53 pathways in zebrafish models for CdLS through morpholino injection and Western blot analysis, and the effect of L‐leucine on the morphants. Our results show partial inhibition of the TOR pathway in NIPBL, Rad21, Smc3‐defective embryos, and p53 signaling was upregulated in Rad21 and Smc3 morphants, but not NIPBL morphants. L‐leucine treatment partially improved TOR activity in CdLS embryos, promoting many aspects of development, and survival. L‐leucine administration partly prevented increased apoptosis in the cohesinopathy embryos. The Rad21 morphant exhibited a significant increase in mitotic cells, which was strongly suppressed by L‐leucine. In summary, our results suggest that translational impairment may contribute to the etiology of CdLS and L‐leucine treatment may provide some benefit.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Stowers Institute and Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Foundation Research Grants
Effect of testosterone and its antagonists on knee range of motion through RXFP1 and RXFP2 regulation in rat model (911.12)
Authors: Dehghan Firouzeh , Muniandy Sekaran , Yusof Ashril , Salleh Naguib 
Published: June 2021

Objective: To elucidate the testosterone hormone influences on knee joint range of motion (ROM), and the suppressory role of its antagonists; flutamide and finasteride on relaxin receptors in the patellar tendon and collateral ligament. Methods: forty‐two ovariectomized females Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats 8‐10 weeks, 180‐200g of weight were distributed into seven groups. Peanut oil as a control, testosterone hormone (125 & 250 μg/kg), flutamide (10 mg/kg), and finasteride (20 mg/kg) separately in presence of two testosterone doses were injected subcutaneously for three consecutive days. The antagonists were administrated 30 minutes before the testosterone injection. Following the treatment administrations, the relationships of knee ROM and RXFP1/ RXFP2 mRNA and protein in knee tissues were investigated. Results: Our data showed that knee ROM was significantly decreased in the testosterone treated groups and increased in the presence of flutamide and finasteride, independently. These two antagonists had similar effect on RXFP1 and RXFP2 expression in patellar tendon and collateral ligament. However, finasteride and flutamide blocked testosterone in both doses and increased RXFP1 and RXFP2 expression. Conclusion: This study suggests that testosterone hormone is possibly a primary mediator of RXFP1 and RXFP2 receptors to reduce knee ROM. Nonetheless, flutamide and finasteride revealed inhibitory effect on testosterone thus changed the expression of RXFP1 and RXFP2 receptors in patellar tendon and lateral collateral ligament, inequitably.Grant Funding Source: supported by PPP grant (PV104/2012A)
Citrate synthase gene comparison and use of RAPD genomic fingerprinting to study relatedness among different Aspergillus sp (912.1)
Authors: Mustafa Ghulam , Asgher Muhammad , Rahman Mehboob‐ur‐ , Jamil Amer 
Published: June 2021

In the present study, we studied polymorphism in two strains of Aspergillus niger for the expression of citrate synthase (CS) gene. To elucidate the positions of mutations and to study sequence comparison, the CS gene from both wild and mutant strains was cloned and sequenced. On the basis of these partial sequences, a dendogram was made to assess homology among different strains of A. niger. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD‐PCR) analysis was also employed to study genetic variation between wild and mutant strains of A. niger and in total 31 decamer random primers were surveyed. A mutation was induced in the fungus using ethidium bromide resulted in enhanced expression of citric acid by three folds. RAPD‐PCR was executed which confirmed a significant change in the genetic makeup of mutant strain related with genotypic variability. Out of 31 decamer random primers, 15 showed polymorphism by amplifying polymorphic fragments units of total 98 and only 71.43% similarity was found between both the genomes. Keeping in view the importance of citric acid as a necessary constituent of various food preparations, synthetic biodegradable detergents and pharmaceuticals the enhanced production of citric acid by mutant derivative might provide significant boost in commercial scale viability of this useful product.Grant Funding Source: Supported by Higher Education Commission, Government of Pakistan
The pathogenetic basis for cell therapy of post‐resuscitation disease, treatment and prevention (912.2)
Authors: Tazhibaeva D.C. , Kabdualieva N.B. , Beglarova G.E. , Ermentaeva L.N. , Baibakova M.K. 
Published: June 2021

Aim of this study was to improve the effectiveness of resuscitation and to develop the basis for cell therapy and transplants in experimental studies.Material and methods. We used 357 rats. In total 429 experiments were performed. Clinical death and resuscitation was performed by L.Z. Tell’s technique (1982). Resuscitation procedures included transplantation of isolated cells from liver, spleen and thymus from heterogeneous and genetically identical rats and their fetuses. The complex of biochemical, neurological studies was performed to study the influence of cell transplants on post resuscitation disease natural history.Results and discussion: General conclusion of our studies is that use of different cell therapy techniques could change reactivity and resistance of resuscitated animals. As it was shown previously, after resuscitation the non‐specific changes of metabolism are started. Cell therapy generally improves these changes. Metabolic processes including all branches and enzymes activity change after cell therapy to more optimal level. Most important factor of cell therapy was brain cognitive function improvement in resuscitated animals who underwent cell transplant in early after resuscitation period. Optimization of rats behavior and reflexes improvement were evident. This effect was especially marked if fetal cells from genetically identical fetuses were used.
Association of GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism with susceptibility to epilepsy in Asians: a multicentre cohort study and meta‐analysis (912.8)
Authors: Haerian Batoul Sadat , Baum Larry , Kwan patrick , Cherny Stacey , Tan Hui Jan , Raymond Azman Ali , Mohamed Zahurin 
Published: June 2021

PURPOSE:The gamma‐aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma‐2 (GABRG2) gene encodes GABR‐gamma2 protein, which has been implicated in susceptibility to epilepsy. Several studies have investigated whether the synonymous GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism is a risk factor for various epilepsy types including febrile seizure (FS), idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) and symptomatic epilepsy (SE), however results have been inconclusive. Therefore, we examined association of this polymorphism in FS, IGE, SE, and cryptogenic epilepsy (CE), through both a multicenter case control study and a meta‐analysis. METHODS: The rs211037 was genotyped in Hong Kong Chinese and in Malaysian Chinese, Indian, and Malay participants. Genotypes of 5101 participants, of which 1769 were from Malaysia and 3332 from Hong Kong, were included in this case‐control study. KEY FINDINGS:Of the 1179 patients, 66%, 13%, and 21% were Chinese, Indians, and Malays, respectively. Of the Chinese patients, 37% were from Malaysia and 63% were from Hong Kong. Significant association was observed between rs211037 polymorphism and susceptibility to SE (T vs. Cp=0.000003 and TT vs. CC, p=0.00001) or to epilepsy with FS (T vs. C p=0.02 and CT vs. CC, p=0.02) in overall Chinese and to IGE in Chinese from Malaysia (TT vs. CC, p=0.01), but not to CE. Meta‐analysis revealed a strong association between rs211037 with FS and SE in Asians for alleles (p=0.02, p=0.002 and p<0.00001, respectively) and for all genotype models. SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggests that GABRG2 rs211037 polymorphism is a risk factor for susceptibility to SE and FS in Asians, particularly in Chinese.Grant Funding Source: HIR MOHE E000025‐20001
Assessing the accuracy of femoral tunnel placement in anatomic ACL reconstruction (913.13)
Authors: Ducsharm Melissa , Banaszek Daniel , Hesse Daniel , Kunz Manuela , Reifel Conrad , Bardana Davide 
Published: June 2021

Current trends in Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction favor anatomic positioning of ACL attachment sites. Surgical inaccuracy in femoral tunnel positioning can lead to potential early graft failure and early‐onset osteoarthritis.The purpose of this study was to evaluate accuracy of femoral tunnel positioning by orthopedic surgeons using five ACL femoral guides.Using a human cadaveric femur, the mathematical center of the ACL femoral attachment was determined to be the anatomically ideal location for femoral tunnel placement. Five orthopedic surgeons performed arthroscopic femoral tunnel pin placement on identical artificial femurs using 5 different femoral guides (ConMedTM Linvatec Offset & BullseyeTM, Arthrex® Transportal, Stryker® VersiTomic®, Smith&Nephew CLANCYTM). Tunnel placement was compared to the ideal position using virtual Computer Tomography. A total of 125 femurs were used.The Stryker® guide had greatest accuracy (distance from ideal footprint) at 3.9mm, and the most optimal tunnel length at 33.4mm. Only 8/125 iterations were within our set acceptable limit of 2mm from the ideal footprint.Tremendous variability of femoral tunnel positioning was observed with each guide. Only 6.4% of trials fell within our acceptable limit. Complimentary research is needed in cadavers and humans to fully elucidate anatomic accuracy and applicability to the operating room.
Interconnections between the cruciate ligaments and the menisci in the knee (914.3)
Authors: Bashir Kerstin , Weninger Patrick , Hirtler Lena 
Published: June 2021

The menisci are of great importance for the stabilization and for the pulling and rolling movements of the knee. The aim of this study was to describe the interconnecting fibers between the menisci and the cruciate ligaments and to show their variability.40 tibial plateaus were included from specimen of the anatomical institute.Lateral meniscus: It had in 93,55% connecting fibers to the footprint of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). 90,32 % of the lateral menisci had an osseous fixation between the ACL and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Also in the posterior part there is in 51,61% a connection between the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus an the footprint of the ACL. Connections to the PCL were found in 83,87%.Medial meniscus: The anterior horn medial meniscus had in 35,38% an overlapping area with the footprint of the ACL. In 35,48% there was either a partial or complete connection to the ACL. 87,10% of the posterior horns of the medial menisci had an insertion individual to the attachments of the ACL or the PCL. In 12,90% there were connecting fibers either towards the ACL or the PCL.The findings of this study show the complexity of the attachments of the medial and lateral meniscus. These results should have an impact on planning the reconstruction of the menisci and their actual surgery as this states a much more intimate relationship to the cruciate ligaments of the knee than described in literature until now.
The cervical cutaneous and subcutaneous structures in songbirds and their possible roles in vocalization (918.10)
Authors: Cozic Amanda , Suthers Roderick , Homberger Dominique 
Published: June 2021

Avian vocalizations are the product of the sound‐generating syrinx and the sound‐resonating suprasyringeal structures and organs of the neck. Whereas the sound‐resonating role of the oro‐pharyngo‐esophageal cavity has been analyzed, this is not the case for the rest of the cervical structures. We therefore undertook a functional‐morphological analysis of the soft‐tissue organs of the neck in two songbird species, the Northern Cardinal, Cardinalis cardinalis, and the House Sparrow, Passer domesticus, by using micro‐dissection to create the soft tissue parameters to be applied to a virtual 3D model that was generated from a CT scan. The soft‐tissue organs of the neck are arranged in concentric layers: (1) The skin with dorsal and ventral feather tracts (pterylae) separated by large featherless lateral apteria; (2) the constrictor fascia and muscle; (3) the longitudinal fascia with longitudinal subcutaneous muscles; and (4) the trachea and esophagus. This system creates a cervical coelom that allows the esophagus, crop, and trachea some mobility relative to the cervical vertebral column. In addition, the integument and fascia may serve as a drum skin over a resonating chamber created by the oro‐pharyngo‐esophageal cavity. The tension of the skin and fascias can be modified by the varying curvature of the vertebral column during singing, which may tune the resonating chamber like the tunable Asian Indian drums (tablas and mridangams).Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH grant NINDS R01 NS029467 to RAS and the LSU Foundation account “Functional Morpholo