bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
K‐Chabazite Zeolite Nanocrystal Aggregates for Highly Efficient Methane Separation
Authors: Yang Jiangfeng , Liu Jiaqi , Liu Puxu , Li Libo , Tang Xuan , Shang Hua , Li Jinping , Chen Banglin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractMethane (CH4) enrichment and purification is of great significance for increasing the heating value of unconventional natural gas sources and curtailing its effect on global warming. For a long time, commercial adsorbents for CH4 separation have been hampered by low adsorption capacities, sub‐optimal adsorption selectivities, or slow diffusion rates, which have significantly restricted separation productivity. Herein, we report a facile and green seed‐passaging method to fabricate donut‐like macro–meso–micro hierarchical zeolite K‐Chabazite nanocrystal aggregates. This consecutive seed‐inducing method requires no organic template. By utilizing this unique nanocrystallization technique, the CH4 adsorption capacity, gas diffusion rate, and separation productivity of the resultant material are dramatically increased compared with those of commercially available adsorbents, thus setting a new benchmark in CH4/N2 separation. More importantly, production of this adsorbent can be easily scaled‐up to the order of 100 kg using readily available raw materials in this environmentally friendly synthetic route, enabling potential industrial implementation.
TMSCF2Br‐Enabled Fluorination–Aminocarbonylation of Aldehydes: Modular Access to α‐Fluoroamides
Authors: Liu An , Ni Chuanfa , Xie Qiqiang , Hu Jinbo 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA protocol for the modular assembly of the α‐fluoroamide motif has been developed, which provides a practical method for the efficient synthesis of structurally diverse α‐fluoroamides from easily available aldehydes and tertiary amines through a three‐component fluorination–aminocarbonylation process. The key to the success of this process is taking advantage of the multiple roles of the unique difluorocarbene reagent TMSCF2Br (TMS=trimethylsilyl). The mechanism of the process involves the 1,2‐fluorine and oxygen migrations of the in situ formed TMS‐protected α‐aminodifluoromethyl carbinol intermediates, which represents a new type of deoxyfluorination reaction.
Nonlinear Schapery viscoelastic material model for thermoplastic polymers
Authors: Zink Thomas , Kehrer Loredana , Hirschberg Valerian , Wilhelm Manfred , Böhlke Thomas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe nonlinear mechanical behavior of viscoelastic materials is modeled based on the Schapery integral model containing internal variables. In this context, a new approach for the strain‐dependent material properties is introduced considering a one‐dimensional formulation with strain‐dependent nonlinear functions for an oscillatory load case. In addition to the viscoelastic storage and loss modulus, the higher order harmonic oscillations in the stress response are computed and compared to experimental data from Fourier transform rheology of Polyamide 6 (PA6). The comparison reveals a good agreement between the predictions of the nonlinear model and the experimental data for the higher harmonic intensity .
Two‐color fluorescent proteins reporting survivin regulation in breast cancer cells for high throughput drug screening
Authors: Li You , Qin Zhen , Zhang Fengli , Yang Shang‐Tian 
Published: December 2021

AbstractReporter gene assay is widely used for high throughput drug screening and drug action mechanism evaluation. In this study, we developed a robust dual‐fluorescent reporter assay to detect drugs repressing the transcription of survivin, a cancer biomarker from the inhibitor of apoptosis family, in breast cancer cells cultured in three‐dimensional (3D) microbioreactors. Survivin is overexpressed in numerous malignancies but almost silent in normal tissue cells and is considered a lead target for cancer therapy. Breast cancer MCF‐7 cells were engineered to express enhanced green fluorescent protein driven by a survivin promoter and red fluorescent protein driven by a cytomegalovirus promoter as internal control to detect changes in survivin expression in cells as affected by drugs. This 3D dual‐fluorescent reporter assay was validated with YM155 and doxorubicin, which were known to downregulate survivin in cancer cells, and further evaluated with two widely used anticancer compounds, cisplatin, and epigallocatechin gallate, to evaluate their effects on survivin expression. The results showed that the 3D dual‐fluorescent reporter assay was robust for high throughput screening of drugs targeting survivin in breast cancer cells.
Acceleration of target production in co‐culture by enhancing intermediate consumption through adaptive laboratory evolution
Authors: Kawai Ryutaro , Toya Yoshihiro , Miyoshi Kenta , Murakami Manami , Niide Teppei , Horinouchi Takaaki , Maeda Tomoya , Shibai Atsushi , Furusawa Chikara , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractCo‐culture is a promising way to alleviate metabolic burden by dividing the metabolic pathways into several modules and sharing the conversion processes with multiple strains. Since an intermediate is passed from the donor to the recipient via the extracellular environment, it is inevitably diluted. Therefore, enhancing the intermediate consumption rate is important for increasing target productivity. In the present study, we demonstrated the enhancement of mevalonate consumption in Escherichia coli by adaptive laboratory evolution and applied the evolved strain to isoprenol production in an E. coli (upstream: glucose to mevalonate)–E. coli (downstream: mevalonate to isoprenol) co‐culture. An engineered mevalonate auxotroph strain was repeatedly sub‐cultured in a synthetic medium supplemented with mevalonate, where the mevalonate concentration was decreased stepwise from 100 to 20 µM. In five parallel evolution experiments, all growth rates gradually increased, resulting in five evolved strains. Whole‐genome re‐sequencing and reverse engineering identified three mutations involved in enhancing mevalonate consumption. After introducing nudF gene for producing isoprenol, the isoprenol‐producing parental and evolved strains were respectively co‐cultured with a mevalonate‐producing strain. At an inoculation ratio of 1:3 (upstream:downstream), isoprenol production using the evolved strain was 3.3 times higher than that using the parental strain.
Renewable Activated Carbon Filters Bearing Photocatalytic Particles for Volatile Organic Compound Removal
Authors: Kim Seongjin , Kim Semun , Lee Seungae 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAs interest in improving indoor air quality has increased, the development of long‐lasting adsorbents that effectively and economically remove volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has become critical. In this study, TiO2‐bearing activated carbon is introduced as a photocatalytic adsorbent in a renewable VOC filter. The activated carbon filter bearing TiO2 particles is prepared using the sol‐gel method, followed by a spraying method. VOC adsorption and photocatalytic activity of the TiO2‐bearing activated carbon are analyzed using a Tedlar bag sampling technique, using toluene and acetaldehyde as sample of VOC gas. Under ultraviolet‐C (UV‐C) irradiation for 22 h, the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 regenerates the VOC filters by 99 %. In addition, under UV‐A and light‐emitting diode, the TiO2‐bearing activated carbon filters are regenerated by 60 % and 58 %, respectively, after 22 h. This result establishes its practical applicability as a renewable indoor VOC filter.
Cross‐Linked Enzyme‐Adhered Nanoparticles (CLEANs) for Continuous‐Flow Bioproduction
Authors: Nagy Flóra , Sánta‐Bell Evelin , Jipa Monica , Hornyánszky Gábor , Szilágyi András , László Krisztina , Katona Gabriel , Paizs Csaba , Poppe László , Balogh‐Weiser Diána 
Published: December 2021

AbstractNanostructured but micro‐sized biocatalysts were created by bottom‐up technology using multi‐functionalized silica nanoparticles (NPs) as nano‐sized building blocks to form cross‐linked enzyme‐adhered nanoparticles (CLEANs) as robust micro‐sized particles with beneficial internal structure and good mechanical properties. Systematic surface modification of NPs with a grafting mixture consisting of organosilanes with reactive (aminopropyl) and inert (e. g., vinyl, propyl, phenyl, or octyl) functions resulted in functional NPs enabling cross‐linking agents, such as glutardialdehyde or bisepoxides (glycerol diglycidyl ether, neopentylglycol diglycidyl ether, and poly(propylene glycol) diglycidyl ether), to bind and cross‐link enzymes covalently and to form macroporous microparticles. These CLEANs were able to diminish several weaknesses of traditional cross‐linked enzyme aggregates as biocatalysts, such as poor mechanical resistance, difficult recovery, and storage, strengthening their use for packed‐bed enzyme reactors. Lipase B from Candida antarctica (CaLB) was selected as model enzyme for development of robust CLEANs, which were successfully tested for various industrially relevant applications including a kinetic resolution of a racemic alcohol and the production of various natural fragrance compounds under continuous‐flow conditions.
Multilevel Inverter fed Direct Torque and Flux Control‐Space Vector Modulation of Speed Sensorless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor drive with Improved Steady State and Dynamic Characteristics
Authors: Pothuraju Ramakrishna , Tejavathu Ramesh , Panda Anup Kumar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn this paper, multilevel inverter (MLI) fed direct torque and flux control with space vector modulation (DTFC‐SVM) of speed sensorless permanent‐magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive is proposed to improve the steady‐state and dynamic performance characteristics with less torque and flux ripples. In the DTFC‐SVM technique, the speed of PMSM drive is regulated by controlling stator flux and electromagnetic torque directly and independently. The MLIs further extend the performance characteristics of motor drive with reduced electromagnetic torque ripple and improved dynamics. Further, the robustness and reliability of drive system is improved by implementing the speed estimation control technique to eliminate the speed sensor usage. The model reference adaptive system (MRAS)‐based speed estimator is used to estimate the PMSM speed. The proposed method is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment using two‐level, three‐level, and five‐level inverter under different operating conditions, respectively. The proposed method with five‐level inverter gives very less ripples in electromagnetic torque and stator flux which consequences excellent steady‐state and dynamic performance of drive. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method is validated by implementing hardware prototype and comparing simulation results with the experimental results.
Effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic on heart failure hospitalizations in Japan: interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Morishita Tetsuji , Takada Daisuke , Shin Jung‐ho , Higuchi Takuya , Kunisawa Susumu , Fushimi Kiyohide , Imanaka Yuichi 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAimsThe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic has had unprecedented effects on health care utilization for acute cardiovascular diseases. Although hospitalizations for acute coronary syndrome decreased during the COVID‐19 pandemic, there is a paucity of data on the trends and management of heart failure (HF) cases. Furthermore, concerns have been raised that angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may increase susceptibility to COVID‐19. This study aimed to elucidate changes in HF hospitalizations from the COVID‐19 state of emergency in Japan and investigated changes in the prescription of ACEIs and ARBs, and in‐hospital mortality.Methods and resultsWe performed an interrupted time series analysis of HF hospitalizations in Japan to verify the impacts of the COVID‐19 state of emergency. Changes in the weekly volume of HF hospitalizations were taken as the primary outcome measure. Between 1 April 2018 and 4 July 2020, 109 429 HF cases required admission. After the state of emergency, an immediate decrease was observed in HF cases per week [−3.6%; 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.3% to −6.7%, P = 0.03]. There was no significant change in the prescription of ACEIs or ARBs after the state of emergency (4.2%; 95% CI: −0.3% to 8.9%, P = 0.07). The COVID‐19 pandemic had no effect on in‐hospital mortality among HF patients (5.3%; 95% CI: −4.9% to 16.6%, P = 0.32).ConclusionsWe demonstrated a decline in HF hospitalizations during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan, with no clear evidence of a negative effect on the prescription of ACEIs and ARBs or in‐hospital mortality.
Photocatalytic Radical Addition to Levoglucosenone
Authors: Lefebvre Corentin , Van Gysel Terence , Michelin Clément , Rousset Elodie , Djiré Djibril , Allais Florent , Hoffmann Norbert 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUsing photocatalysis with tetra‐n‐butylammonium decatungstate (TBADT), alkanes, cyclic acetals, cyclic ethers, formamide and aldehydes were added in a stereoselective way to levoglucosenone (LGO). A hydrogen atom is transferred from the donor compound to the photochemically excited TBADT, and the resulting radicals add onto LGO in a stereoselective way. In the case of the addition of adamantane, two regio‐isomers were obtained which form a crystalline solid solution. Cyrene™, obtained by hydrogenation of LGO, was added under the same conditions. In this case, only two of 32 possible isomers of the resulting Cyrene™ dimer were formed. The regio‐selectivity of the HAT step is discussed in detail. For this purpose, bond dissociation energies and partial charges have been calculated. Transition state calculations of the radical addition to LGO explain the stereospecificity of this reaction step.
Biological nanopore approach for single‐molecule analysis of nucleobase modifications
Authors: Lv Pengrui , Yang Yongyi , Li Shuang , Tan Cherie S. , Ming Dong 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBase modifications play an essential role in cellular function, and the abnormal expressions of base modifications are associated with numerous diseases. Unfortunately, existing detection methods have difficulty obtaining sequence information of various modified nucleobases at the single‐molecule resolution. Label‐free single‐molecule sequencing technology using biological nanopores can direct sequence canonical nucleobases. However, the discrimination of hundreds of noncanonical nucleobase modifications at the single‐molecule resolution is still challenging. In this minireview, we introduced the recent advances in detecting nucleobase modifications using biological nanopores from nucleic acid translocation controlling, confinement effects on nucleobase discrimination, and applications of nanopore sequencers for modification detection.
Comparing geomorphological maps made manually and by deep learning
Authors: van der Meij W. Marijn , Meijles Erik W. , Marcos Diego , Harkema Tom T. L. , Candel Jasper H. J. , Maas Gilbert J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractGeomorphological maps provide information on the relief, genesis and shape of the earth's surface and are widely used in sustainable spatial developments. The quality of geomorphological maps is however rarely assessed or reported, which limits their applicability. Moreover, older geomorphological maps often do not meet current quality requirements and require updating. This updating is time‐consuming and because of its qualitative nature difficult to reproduce, but can be supported by novel computational methods. In this paper, we address these issues by (1) quantifying the uncertainty associated with manual geomorphological mapping, (2) exploring the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for semi‐automated geomorphological mapping and (3) testing the sensitivity of CNNs to uncertainties in manually created evaluation data.We selected a test area in the Dutch push‐moraine district with a pronounced relief and a high variety of landforms. For this test area we developed five manually created geomorphological maps and 27 automatically created landform maps using CNNs. The resulting manual maps are similar on a regional level. We could identify the causes of disagreement between the maps on a local level, which often related to differences in mapping experience, choices in delineation and different interpretations of the legend. Coordination of mapping efforts and field validation are necessary to create accurate and precise maps. CNNs perform well in identifying landforms and geomorphological units, but fail at correct delineation. The human geomorphologist remains necessary to correct the delineation and classification of the computed maps. The uncertainty in the manually created data that are used to train and evaluate CNNs have a large effect on the model performance and evaluation. This also advocates for coordinated mapping efforts to ensure the quality of manually created training and test data. Further model development and data processing are required before CNNs can act as standalone mapping techniques.
Lead Inhibits Postecdysial Exoskeletal Calcification in the Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus)
Authors: Osayande Osaze , Zou Enmin 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Postecdysial mineralization in crustaceans involves the deposition of carbonate salts, such as calcium carbonate, to the organic matrix. Because of the resemblance between Pb2+ and Ca2+, the present study was carried out to investigate whether Pb is incorporated into the new shell during postecdysial mineralization using the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) as the model crustacean. It was hypothesized that injected Pb would be deposited in the shell via calcium transporters in the epidermis during the mineralization process. Postecdysial blue crabs were injected with two doses of 5 µg Pb/g wet weight each in lead acetate, and then Pb, Ca, and Mg contents were analyzed in the exoskeleton, while only Pb bioaccumulation was quantified for the hepatopancreas, gills, muscles, and hemolymph. The results showed a statistically nonsignificant increase in exoskeletal Pb content in Pb-treated crabs compared to control, suggesting that exoskeletal Pb may not be a sensitive proxy for aquatic Pb pollution. There was a significant decrease in Ca content in Pb-treated crabs, suggesting that Pb hindered the deposition of Ca to crab exoskeleton, thereby obstructing calcification. A trend of a decrease in exoskeletal Mg was also observed in Pb-treated crabs. There was a significant increase in Pb content found in the gills, hepatopancreas, muscle, and hemolymph in Pb-treated crabs. The rank of the Pb level among three soft tissues in a decreasing order is hepatopancreas &gt; gill &gt; muscle. This is the first study to present evidence that Pb disrupts postecdysial exoskeletal calcification in a crustacean. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:474–482. © 2021 SETAC
Advances in 4D‐printed physiological monitoring sensors
Authors: Mahmud M. A. Parvez , Tat Trinny , Xiao Xiao , Adhikary Partho , Chen Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhysiological monitoring sensors have been critical in diagnosing and improving the healthcare industry over the past 30 years, despite various limitations regarding providing differences in signal outputs in response to the changes in the user's body. Four‐dimensional (4D) printing has been established in less than a decade; therefore, it currently offers limited resources and knowledge. Still, the technique paves the way for novel platforms in today's ever‐growing technologies. This innovative paradigm of 4D printing physiological monitoring sensors aspires to provide real‐time and continuous diagnoses. In this perspective, we cover the advancements currently available in the 4D printing industry that has arisen in the last septennium, focusing on the overview of 4D printing, its history, and both wearable and implantable physiological sensing solutions. Finally, we explore the current challenges faced in this field, translational research, and its future prospects. All of these aims highlight key areas of attention that can be applied by future researchers to fully transform 4D printed physiological monitoring sensors into more viable medical products.
Multisite PCET with photocharged carbon nitride in dark
Authors: Mazzanti Stefano , Schritt Clara , ten Brummelhuis Katharina , Antonietti Markus , Savateev Aleksandr 
Published: December 2021

AbstractA combination of photochemistry and proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) is a primary strategy employed by biochemical systems and synthetic chemistry to enable uphill reactions under mild conditions. Degenerate nanometer‐sized n‐type semiconductor nanoparticles (SCNPs) with the Fermi level above the bottom of the conduction band are strongly reducing and act more like metals than semiconductors. Application of the degenerate SCNPs is limited to few examples. Herein, we load microporous potassium poly(heptazine imide) (K‐PHI) nanoparticles with electrons (e‒) and charge balancing protons (H+) in an illumination phase using sacrificial agents. e‒/H+ in the K‐PHI nanoparticles are weakly bound and therefore could be used in a range of PCET reactions in dark, such as generation of aryl radicals from aryl halides, ketyl radicals from ketones, and 6e‒/6H+ reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline. The integration of several features that until now were intrinsic for plants and natural photosynthesis into a transition metal free nanomaterial composed of abundant elements (C, N, and K) offers a powerful tool for synthetic organic chemistry.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Ring Expansion of Cyclobutanones towards Indanones
Authors: Chen Tengyun , Wu Yunkai , Han Peilin , Gao Jiqiang , Wu Yuanqi , Zhao Jinbo , Liang Haotian , Liu Yongsheng , Liu Yu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractDespite recent advances in catalytic ring‐opening/cross‐coupling process of o‐halogen tethered phenylcyclobutanones with other partners, single‐component ring expansion of such precursors towards 3‐methylindanones has not been disclosed. We present herein a nickel catalyzed C−C bond reconstruction sequence of o‐bromophenylcyclobutanones using H2O as hydrogen donor, leading to a series of indanones, which can be further converted into other benzene‐fused cyclic compounds.
Increased survival disparities among children and adolescents & young adults with acute myeloid leukemia: A Dutch population‐based study
Authors: Schulpen Maya , Goemans Bianca F. , Kaspers Gertjan J. L. , Raaijmakers Marc H. G. P. , Zwaan C. Michel , Karim‐Kos Henrike E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractFor many cancers, adolescents and young adults (AYAs) have a poorer prognosis than pediatric patients. Our study evaluates survival outcomes of children (0‐17 years) and AYAs (18‐39 years) diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the Netherlands between 1990 and 2015 (N = 2058) utilizing the population‐based Netherlands Cancer Registry, which includes information on therapy and site of primary treatment. Five‐ and 10‐year relative (disease‐specific) survival were estimated for all patients, children and AYAs. Multivariable analyses were performed using generalized linear models (excess mortality) and logistic regression (early mortality). AYAs with AML had a substantially lower 5‐ and 10‐year relative survival than children (5‐year: 43% vs 58%; 10‐year: 37% vs 51%). The gap in 5‐year relative survival was largest (nearly 20 percent‐points) in 2010 to 2015, despite survival improvements over time across all ages. The multivariable‐adjusted excess risk of dying was 60% higher in AYAs (95% CI: 37%‐86%). Early mortality (death within 30 days of diagnosis) declined over time, and did not differ between children and AYAs. In conclusion, AYAs diagnosed with AML in the Netherlands had a worse prognosis than pediatric patients. The survival gap seemed most pronounced in recent years, suggesting that improvements in care resulting in better outcome for children have not led to equal benefits for AYAs.