bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features and prognostic factors in 71 eyes over 20 years from patients with Coats’ disease in Korea
Authors: Kang Hyun Goo , Kim Jung Dong , Choi Eun Young , Byeon Suk Ho , Kim Sung Soo , Koh Hyoung Jun , Kim Min 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis retrospective study assesses the clinical features, treatment strategies, and long-term outcomes of patients with Coats’ disease in Korea. Multimodal imaging and medical records of consecutive patients treated between July 2000 and April 2020 at two tertiary centers were evaluated based on onset age (adult vs. childhood [< 18 years]). Factors associated with final visual acuity (VA) and risk of treatment failure were assessed. A total of 71 eyes of 67 patients were included, with subgrouping by onset age showing 45% childhood and 55% adult cases. Overall, Stage 2 disease was most common at presentation (76%), though childhood cases had more Stage 3b (22% vs. 3%, P = 0.02) and greater clock hours of retinal telangiectasia (7 vs. 5, P = 0.005). First-line treatment included laser (25%), combined laser/anti-VEGF (23%), cryotherapy (20%), surgery (16%), and anti-VEGF only (9%). Cryotherapy was associated with a higher risk for secondary interventions (OR 11.8, P < 0.001), required in 56% overall. Despite a 3-line VA decrease in 34% overall, adult cases had superior final VA (P = 0.037). Multivariable regression showed that the number of anti-VEGF injections performed during the initial treatment period was associated with a 9.4 letter improvement in vision (P = 0.041). We observed a higher proportion of adult-onset Coats’ disease than previously reported in other non-Asian populations. An aggressive treatment with the addition of anti-VEGF may yield the most favorable long-term visual outcomes.
Colonization of distant organs by tumor cells generating circulating homotypic clusters adaptive to fluid shear stress
Authors: Maeshiro Manabu , Shinriki Satoru , Liu Rin , Nakachi Yutaka , Komohara Yoshihiro , Fujiwara Yukio , Ohtsubo Kazuaki , Yoshida Ryoji , Iwamoto Kazuya , Nakayama Hideki , Matsui Hirotaka 
Published: March 2021

AbstractOnce disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) arrive at a metastatic organ, they remain there, latent, and become seeds of metastasis. However, the clonal composition of DTCs in a latent state remains unclear. Here, we applied high-resolution DNA barcode tracking to a mouse model that recapitulated the metastatic dormancy of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We found that clones abundantly circulated peripheral blood dominated DTCs. Through analyses of multiple barcoded clonal lines, we identified specific subclonal population that preferentially generated homotypic circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters and dominated DTCs. Despite no notable features under static conditions, this population significantly generated stable cell aggregates that were resistant to anoikis under fluid shear stress (FSS) conditions in an E-cadherin-dependent manner. Our data from various cancer cell lines indicated that the ability of aggregate-constituting cells to regulate cortical actin-myosin dynamics governed the aggregates’ stability in FSS. The CTC cluster-originating cells were characterized by the expression of a subset of E-cadherin binding factors enriched with actin cytoskeleton regulators. Furthermore, this expression signature was associated with locoregional and metastatic recurrence in HNSCC patients. These results reveal a biological selection of tumor cells capable of generating FSS-adaptive CTC clusters, which leads to distant colonization.
The association of genetic polymorphisms with neuroconnectivity in breast cancer patients
Authors: Harrison Rebecca A. , Rao Vikram , Kesler Shelli R. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGenetic polymorphisms in select genes, including APOE (apolipoprotein E), COMT (Catechol-O-Methyltransferase), MDR1 (multi-drug resistance 1), BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor), and GST (glutathione-S-transferase), have been associated with vulnerability to cognitive impairment. In this study, we evaluated the relationship of these genetic variants to measures of brain health in patients with breast cancer, including neurocognitive testing and functional connectome analysis. Women with breast cancer (n = 83) and female healthy controls (n = 53) were evaluated. They underwent resting-state functional MRI scans and neurocognitive testing. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on saliva samples to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes: APOE, COMT, MDR1, BDNF, and GST. Breast cancer patients treated with chemotherapy had slower processing speed (p = 0.04) and poorer reported executive function (p < 0.0001) than healthy controls. Those chemotherapy-treated patients that were APOE e4 carriers had significantly slower processing speed. A greater number of risk-related alleles was associated with poorer connectivity in the regions of the left cuneus and left calcarine. While breast cancer patients that are APOE e4 carriers may have a select vulnerability to processing speed impairments, other risk-related alleles were not found to influence cognitive test performance in this population. Conversely, regions of impaired functional connectivity appeared to be related to risk-related genetic polymorphisms in breast cancer patients. This suggests that a cancer patient’s SNPs in candidate genes may influence the risk of neurotoxicity. Further study evaluating the impact of genotype on biomarkers of brain health in cancer survivors is warranted.
Beyond megacities: tracking air pollution from urban areas and biomass burning in Brazil
Authors: Squizzato Rafaela , Nogueira Thiago , Martins Leila D. , Martins Jorge A. , Astolfo Rosana , Machado Carolyne Bueno , Andrade Maria de Fatima , Freitas Edmilson Dias de 
Published: March 2021

AbstractMost of the world’s population lives in rural areas or small to medium-sized cities (totalling 68% of the world population), all of which are impacted by distant air pollution sources. In Brazil, primary pollutant emissions have decreased in urban centres because of government actions, while secondary pollutants such as surface ozone (O3) increased. In addition, O3 and its precursors can be worsening air quality in areas already affected by biofuels production, especially ethanol. We provide almost 3 months of hourly data (June 7, 2019 to August 25, 2019) for concentrations of O3, CO2 and other priority pollutants from a mobile station positioned to distinguish among pollutant plumes (biomass burning, metropolitan area of São Paulo (MASP) and other cities). Although the concentrations of O3 and CO2 were highest in the plumes from biomass burning, the MASP accounted for up to 80% of the O3 concentration in communities over 200 km away.
Crystal mush dykes as conduits for mineralising fluids in the Yerington porphyry copper district, Nevada
Authors: Carter Lawrence C. , Williamson Ben J. , Tapster Simon R. , Costa Catia , Grime Geoffrey W. , Rollinson Gavyn K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPorphyry-type deposits are the world’s main source of copper and molybdenum and provide a large proportion of gold and other metals. However, the mechanism by which mineralising fluids are extracted from source magmas and transported upwards into the ore-forming environment is not clearly understood. Here we use field, micro-textural and geochemical techniques to investigate field relationships and samples from a circa 8 km deep cross-section through the archetypal Yerington porphyry district, Nevada. We identify an interconnected network of relatively low-temperature hydrothermal quartz that is connected to mineralised miarolitic cavities within aplite dykes. We propose that porphyry-deposit-forming fluids migrated from evolved, more water-rich internal regions of the underlying Luhr Hill granite via these aplite dykes which contained a permeable magmatic crystal mush of feldspar and quartz. The textures we describe provide petrographic evidence for the transport of fluids through crystal mush dykes. We suggest that this process should be considered in future models for the formation of porphyry- and similar-type deposits.
Abundance of solute carrier family 27 member 6 (SLC27A6) in the bovine mammary gland alters fatty acid metabolism
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Shen Ziliang , Yang Zhendong , Jiang Hui , Chu Shuangfeng , Mao Yongjiang , Li Mingxun , Chen Zhi , Aboragah Ahmad , Loor Juan J. , Yang Zhangping 
Published: March 2021

The Milk FA and transcriptome of bovine mammary tissue indicated that LCFA transport into mammary cells during late lactation. In vitro test underscored how FA transport via SLC27A6 could dictate the utilization of FA for TG synthesis versus oxidation.
Hierarchical bilinear convolutional neural network for image classification
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Tang Lei , Luo Hangzai , Zhong Sheng , Guan Ziyu , Chen Long , Zhao Chao , Peng Jinye , Fan Jianping 
Published: March 2021

AbstractImage classification is one of the mainstream tasks of computer vision. However, the most existing methods use labels of the same granularity level for training. This leads to ignoring the hierarchy that may help to differentiate different visual objects better. Embedding hierarchical information into the convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can effectively regulate the semantic space and thus reduce the ambiguity of prediction. To this end, a multi‐task learning framework, named as Hierarchical Bilinear Convolutional Neural Network (HB‐CNN), is developed by seamlessly integrating CNNs with multi‐task learning over the hierarchical visual concept structures. Specifically, the labels with a tree structure are used as the supervision to hierarchically train multiple branch networks. In this way, the model can not only learn additional information (e.g. context information) as the coarse‐level category features, but also focus the learned fine‐level category features on the object properties. To smoothly pass hierarchical conceptual information and encourage feature reuse, a connectivity pattern is proposed to connect features at different levels. Furthermore, a bilinear module is embedded to generalise various orderless texture feature descriptors so that our model can capture more discriminative features. The proposed method is extensively evaluated on the CIFAR‐10, CIFAR‐100, and ‘Orchid’ Plant image sets. The experimental results show the effectiveness and superiority of our method.
Review and performance evaluation of path tracking controllers of autonomous vehicles
Authors: Rokonuzzaman Mohammad , Mohajer Navid , Nahavandi Saeid , Mohamed Shady 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAutonomous Vehicles (AVs) have shown indelible and revolutionary effects on accident reduction and more efficient use of travel time, with outstanding socio‐economic impact. Despite these benefits, to make AVs accepted by a wide demographic and produce them on an industrial scale with a reasonable price, there are still a number of technological and social challenges that need to be tackled. Path Tracking Controller (PTC) of AVs is one of the high potential subsystems that can be further improved in order to achieve more accurate, robust and comfortable tracking performance. This study provides a critical review and simulation study of several selected techniques used for the design of PTC of AVs. The AVs are assumed to have limited controllability due to non‐holonomic constraints, such as car‐like vehicles and differential drive mobile robots. A detailed discussion will be provided on the simulation outcomes as well as the pros and cons of each technique for the sake of implementation and improvement of state‐of‐the‐art PTC.
High‐voltage AlInN/GaN superjunction fin‐gate high electron mobility transistor for power‐switching application
Authors: Zhou Weijun , Ye Qing , Dai Junyu , Guo Tianyu , Zhang Jinqiu , Li Zheng , Wu You , Zhao Ziyu , Zhao Ziqi , Wei Zhiheng 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn AlInN/GaN superjunction fin‐gate high electron mobility transistor (SJFin‐HEMT) is proposed in this work. A superjunction region with GaN/AlInN/GaN/AlInN/GaN structure is defined between the gate and drain, and two‐dimensional‐hole‐gas/two‐dimensional‐electron‐gas/two‐dimensional‐hole‐gas/two‐dimensional‐electron‐gas (2DHG/2DEG/2DHG/2DEG) are respectively induced due to the polarization charges at the heterojunction interfaces. The 2DHGs and 2DEGs compensate each other, resulting a charge balanced superjunction in the gate‐drain spacing, thus inducing a uniform electric field distribution under off‐state maximizing the breakdown voltage. Additionally, because the current flows through both the 2DEGs, higher output current and lower on‐state resistance are observed in contrast to the conventional Fin‐HEMT. Simulation results show breakdown voltage of 2957 V (VGS = –6 V) and on‐state resistance of 0.31 mΩ·cm2 (VDS = 0.1 V, VGS = 0 V) for the SJFin‐HEMT, comparing with that of 241 V and 0.36 mΩ·cm2 for the conventional Fin‐HEMT.
High figure of merit cylinder‐shaped negative refractive index metamaterial based on paper as dielectric material
Authors: Yudistira Hadi Teguh , Asril Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe design of unit cell metamaterial can tailor the permittivity and permeability. The negative refractive index was achieved while the negative real part of permittivity and negative real part of permeability simultaneously or conditions were satisfied, where are real part of permittivity, imaginary part of permittivity, real part of permeability, and imaginary part of permeability, respectively. Currently, the metamaterial based on paper is a fascinating issue. Additional, paper is used as dielectric due to its eco‐friendly spacer. The unit cell design is the critical rule for achieving high figure of merit (FoM) of negative refractive index. This work aims to design the high FoM cylinder‐shaped negative refractive index metamaterial based on paper as the dielectric material. The cylinder‐shaped structure was simulated by CST microwave studio. The electromagnetic properties of the cylinder‐shaped structure were estimated from the scattering parameter (S‐parameter) result. The cylinder‐shaped structure yields high FoM of negative refractive index performance. The negative refractive index was generated at 3.4–3.91 GHz. The above condition or negative real permittivity and negative real permeability simultaneously were satisfied at 3.4–3.91 GHz. The high FoM was achieved at 3.5–3.91 GHz.
Effects of protection settings on optimal performance of reconfigurable smart distribution systems
Authors: Khoshbakht Elham , Namdari Farhad , Doostizadeh Meysam 
Published: March 2021

AbstractNowadays, with increasing energy consumption in distribution networks and the demand of consumers to buy highly reliable power, it is of high importance to establish adaptation between protection and operation of the power system. Therefore, this paper analyses the effect of optimal reconfiguration of the smart distribution system in the presence of wind and solar renewable resources under fault conditions. Uncertainties of load and production of renewable resources are studied as well. In the proposed model, the optimal topology of the distribution network is obtained to minimise the system losses. Also, features of the distribution network protection systems, including constraints on the coordination and performance of the equipment, are added to the reconfiguration problem. According to linearisation, the proposed model becomes a mixed‐integer linear programming. Several case studies are carried out on a modified 33‐bus network using GAMS and MATLAB to show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model on both operational and protection coordination.
Primary frequency regulation support through deloaded offshore renewable power generators with HVDC‐link
Authors: Kumar Akshay 
Published: March 2021

AbstractGrid operation becomes a challenging task due to the high penetration of uncontrolled offshore renewable power generators into the mainland system through HVDC‐link system. As a result, system frequency may quickly go outside the acceptable range under severe frequency events. This paper proposes a coordinated control strategy for linearized models of deloaded offshore renewable power generators with HVDC‐link to make contributions in the mainland system during depressed frequency conditions to address the frequency regulation issue. Linearized models are used to obtain the power output from deloaded ORPG by adjusting droop value in proportional to frequency deviation and minimizing the frequency deviation of the mainland system. Inertia control scheme based on utilizing the different capacitors of HVDC‐link is proposed to further improve frequency regulation. Adding inertia from HVDC‐link helps to minimize the rate of change of frequency deviation. Finally, to improve both frequency deviation and rate of change of frequency deviation, case studies of offshore renewable power generators linking with HVDC in view of abrupt load deviations have been effectively shown on system model to validate the proficiency of control schemes in MATLAB/SIMULINKR.
The quantum‐mode regulated power point tracking in a photovoltaic array for application under the quantised converter duty ratio
Authors: Reddy M. Kranthi Kumar , Sarkar Vaskar 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe objective of this work is to develop a realistic control technique for stably regulating the power output of a photovoltaic array. The associated process is referred to as the regulated power point tracking (RPPT). Ideally, the converter duty ratio is expected to be a continuous variable so that the photovoltaic power output can be freely adjusted. However, such a continuous‐mode RPPT is possible only with the help of an analogue pulse‐width‐modulation (PWM) control. In contrast, the modern digital PWM control causes a duty ratio quantisation. As a result, the photovoltaic power output can, practically, be adjusted only at some discrete power levels. Therefore, existing RPPT control techniques, which optimistically assume a continuous power production range, may lead to persistent low‐frequency power oscillations because of the digital PWM. To overcome the particular problem, a quantum‐mode RPPT control technique is proposed in this paper. The quantum‐mode RPPT basically limits its search only to the practically attainable discrete power levels by suitably modifying the given power reference command. Thus, the power tracking can always reach a converged state. For the faster RPPT, the perturbation step size is dynamically adapted. The proposed RPPT control technique is verified via both simulations and hardware experiments.
Proteinurie
Authors: Bohnert Bernhard N. 
Published: March 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Proteinurie ist ein empfindlicher Marker für eine Nierenschädigung und ein guter Prädiktor für das Fortschreiten einer chronischen Nierenschädigung hin zu einer terminalen Nierenerkrankung. Ob die Proteinurie dabei allerdings nur einen Risikomarker darstellt, der lediglich die Nierenschädigung widerspiegelt, oder ob sie durch toxische Effekte auf Podozyten und Nierentubuli selbst einen Risikofaktor darstellt, ist bisher nicht klar. Während der Fokus aktueller Leitlinien im Wesentlichen auf der Quantität der Proteinurie liegt, zeigen immer mehr experimentelle Daten, dass auch der Qualität der Proteinurie eine wesentliche Rolle hinsichtlich ihres Schädigungspotenzials und ihres Risikos zukommt.
Urinmikroskopie
Authors: Haag Stefanie 
Published: March 2021

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDie Urinmikroskopie ist eine nichtinvasive Diagnostik, die sowohl stationär als auch ambulant verfügbar ist. Eine komplette Urinuntersuchung umfasst die makroskopische Beurteilung, den Urinteststreifen (Urinstixs) und die Urinmikroskopie. Für die Urinanalyse wird Mittelstrahlurin oder Katheterurin benötigt. Die Urinmikroskopie ist ein wichtiger Teil der Urinanalyse und erlaubt eine nähere Abklärung der ersten Befunde des Urinstixs und zeigt Strukturen auf, die im Urinstixs nicht detektiert werden können (z. B. Zylinder). Innerhalb von wenigen Minuten können die Ergebnisse Aufschluss über eine akute Erkrankung mit sofortigem Handlungsbedarf, wie z. B. bei der schnell progredienten Glomerulonephritis, geben. Sie dienen ebenfalls zur Verlaufsbeurteilung bei einer chronischen Nierenerkrankung oder zur weiteren Abklärung von Systemerkrankungen, die mit einer Niereninsuffizienz einhergehen können (z. B. bei arterieller Hypertonie, Diabetes mellitus, Vaskulitis).
Die New Nordic Diet — Frische, Regionalität und ein gesundheitsförderndes Potenzial
Authors: Karstens Vanessa , Bosy-Westphal Anja 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDie „New Nordic Diet“ ist ein modernes Ernährungskonzept, das frische, regional und biologisch angebaute sowie unverarbeitete pflanzliche Lebensmittel miteinander kombiniert, ergänzt um Milchprodukte, Fisch, Meeresfrüchte und mageres Fleisch. Sie soll gut schmecken, gesundheitsfördernd wirken und in der heimischen Küche einfach umzusetzen sein.
Homöopathie bei chronischen Netzhauterkrankungen
Authors: Rehfueß Claudia 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund detaillierter Leitlinientherapiekenntnis zeigt die Autorin als niedergelassene Augenärztin und Homöopathin an 3 Fällen unterschiedlicher, konventionell schwer zugänglicher Netzhauterkrankungen beeindruckende Heilverläufe bei rein homöopathischer Therapie. Mithilfe der optischen Schichtaufnahmetechnik (OCT) wird jeder Fall eingeführt und der nachhaltige Erfolg der Behandlungen über Monate dokumentiert. Begleitende positive Therapiewirkungen – für Homöopathen erwartbar, für zuvor konventionell therapierte Augenpatienten eher nicht – steigern die Lebensqualität der Patienten zusätzlich. Abschließend beleuchtet die Autorin das bedeutende Einsparpotenzial durch homöopathische Behandlung der feuchten Makuladegeneration gegenüber der leitliniengemäßen Injektionstherapie.
Behandlung einer psychogenen Sehstörung und rezidivierender Harnwegsinfekte
Authors: Schuldt Christian 
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDargestellt wird der Therapieverlauf bei einem Kleinkind mit psychogener Sehstörung. Anschließend kommt es erneut zu einem Harnwegsinfekt, der mit einer in der Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde selten gebrauchten homöopathischen Arznei erfolgreich behandelt wird.
S2k-Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie von Patienten mit Asthma – Addendum 2020
Authors: Buhl R. , Bals R. , Baur X. , Berdel D. , Criée C.-P. , Gappa M. , Gillissen A. , Greulich T. , Haidl P. , Hamelmann E. , Horak F. , Kardos P. , Kenn K. , Klimek L. , Korn S. , Magnussen H. , Nowak D. , Pfaar O. , Rabe K. F. , Riedler J. , Ritz T. , Schultz K. , Schuster A. , Spindler T. , Taube C. , Vogelmeier C. , von Leupoldt A. , Wantke F. , Wildhaber J. , Worth H. , Zacharasiewicz A. , Lommatzsch M. ,   Unter Mitwirkung der folgenden Wissenschaftlichen Gesellschaften: Deutsche Gesellschaft für Arbeitsmedizin und Umweltmedizin e. V.,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Rehabilitationswissenschaften e. V.,   Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe e. V.
Published: March 2021

ZusammenfassungDas vorliegende Addendum zur Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie von Patienten mit Asthma (2017) ergänzt wichtige neue Erkenntnisse zur Diagnostik und Therapie von Asthma sowie zu neu für die Therapie des Asthmas zugelassenen Medikamenten. Es werden sowohl für Kinder und Jugendliche als auch für Erwachsene mit Asthma die aktuellen, Evidenz-basierten diagnostischen und therapeutischen Empfehlungen dargelegt.