bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perivascular stromal cells: Directors of tissue immune niches
Authors: Sbierski‐Kind Julia , Mroz Nicholas , Molofsky Ari B. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractPerivascular niches are specialized microenvironments where stromal and immune cells interact with vasculature to monitor tissue status. Adventitial perivascular niches surround larger blood vessels and other boundary sites, supporting collections of immune cells, stromal cells, lymphatics, and neurons. Adventitial fibroblasts (AFs), a subtype of mesenchymal stromal cell, are the dominant constituents in adventitial spaces, regulating vascular integrity while organizing the accumulation and activation of a variety of interacting immune cells. In contrast, pericytes are stromal mural cells that support microvascular capillaries and surround organ‐specific parenchymal cells. Here, we outline the unique immune and non‐immune composition of perivascular tissue immune niches, with an emphasis on the heterogeneity and immunoregulatory functions of AFs and pericytes across diverse organs. We will discuss how perivascular stromal cells contribute to the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses and integrate immunological signals to impact tissue health and disease.
Why States Should Buy Kidneys
Authors: Sterri Aksel Braanen 
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTIn this article, I argue we have collective duties to people who suffer from kidney failure and these duties are best fulfilled through a government‐monopsony market in kidneys. A government‐monopsony market is a model where the government is the sole buyer, and kidneys are distributed according to need, not ability to pay. The framework of collective duties enables us to respond to several of the most pressing ethical and practical objections to kidney markets, including Cécile Fabre's objection that it is unjust to be paid to do one's duty, Simon Rippon's objections that it is harmful to be pressured to sell a kidney and that a market is unfair, Richard Titmuss's crowding out objection, and Ronald Dworkin's objection that body parts should not be among the goods we owe each other.
More is not always better: The impact of value co‐creation fit on B2B and B2C customer satisfaction
Authors: Gligor David M. , Maloni Michael J. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractOrganizations increasingly rely on customer involvement in the value creation process (i.e., co‐creation) to enhance customer satisfaction and differentiate themselves from competitors. While past research has largely indicated that more co‐creation is beneficial, some have suggested yet not empirically validated that excess co‐creation may negatively impact customers. Applying the service‐dominant logic, two studies (B2B and B2C customers) offer insight into the appropriate levels of the co‐production and value‐in‐use dimensions of co‐creation. For both B2B and B2C customers, polynomial regression and surface plot analyses indicate an inverted U‐shaped relationship between value co‐creation and satisfaction, establishing that more co‐creation is beneficial only up to a point. As such, we inform managers of factors that can cause the relationship between co‐creation and satisfaction to peak and then turn negative. Further, customer expertise and process enjoyment moderate this relationship for B2C (but not B2B) customers, thereby offering ways to mitigate the negative effects of excess co‐creation for end‐customers. The studies also highlight the importance of value co‐creation “fit” between the customer's expected and experienced levels of co‐creation. Interestingly, positive misfit (i.e., excess co‐creation) retains a stronger negative influence on customer satisfaction than negative misfit (i.e., insufficient co‐creation) for both B2B and B2C customers.
Effect of glycemic gap upon mortality in critically ill patients with diabetes
Authors: Lou Ran , Jiang Li , Zhu Bo 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAims/IntroductionHyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, and blood glucose fluctuation are associated with the outcome in critically ill patients, but the target of blood glucose control is debatable especially in patients with diabetes regarding the status of blood glucose control before admission to ICU. This study aimed to investigate the association between the glycemic gap which is calculated as the mean blood glucose level during the first 7 days after admission to ICU minus the A1C‐derived average glucose and the outcome of critically ill patients with diabetes.MethodThis study was undertaken in two intensive care units (ICUs) with a total of 30 beds. Patients with diabetes who were expected to stay for more than 24 h were enrolled, the HbA1c was tested within 3 days after admission and converted to the A1C‐derived average glucose (ADAG) by the equation: ADAG = [(HbA1c * 28.7) – 46.7 ] * 18‐1, arterial blood glucose measurements were four per day routinely during the first 7 days after admission, the APACHE II score within the first 24 h, the mean blood glucose level (MGL), standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation (CV) during the first 7 days were calculated for each person, the GAPadm and GAPmean were calculated as the admission blood glucose and MGL minus the ADAG, respectively, the incidence of moderate hypoglycemia (MH) and severe hypoglycemia (SH), the total dosage of glucocorticoids and average daily dosage of insulin within 7 days, the duration of renal replacement therapy (RRT), ventilator‐free hours, and non‐ICU stay days within 28 days were also collected. The enrolled patients were divided into a survival group and a nonsurvival group according to survival or not at 28 days and 1 year after admission, and the relationship between parameters derived from blood glucose and mortality in the enrolled critically ill patients was explored.ResultsFive hundred and two patients were enrolled and divided into a survival group (n = 310) and a nonsurvival group (n = 192). It was shown that the two groups had a comparable level of HbA1c, the nonsurvivors had a greater APACHE II, MGL, SD, CV, GAPadm, GAPmean, and a higher incidence of hypoglycemia. A lesser duration of ventilator‐free, non‐ICU stay, and a longer duration of RRT were recorded in the nonsurvival group, who received a lower carbohydrate intake, a higher daily dosage of insulin and glucocorticoid. GAPmean had the greatest predictive power with an AUC of 0.820 (95%CI: 0.781–0.850), the cut‐off value was 3.60 mmol/L (sensitivity 78.2% and specificity 77.3%). Patients with a low GAPmean tended to survive longer than the high GAPmean group 1 year after admission.ConclusionsGlycemic GAP between the mean level of blood glucose within the first 7 days after admission to ICU and the A1C‐derived average glucose was independently associated with a 28 day mortality of critically ill patients with diabetes, the predictive power extended to 1 year. The incidence of hypoglycemia was associated with mortality either.
Understanding behaviour to improve the welfare of an ornamental fish
Authors: Brandão Manuela Lombardi , Dorigão‐Guimarães Felipe , Bolognesi Marcela Cesar , Gauy Ana Carolina Dos Santos , Pereira André Vitor Salinas , Vian Lethicia , Carvalho Thais Billalba , Gonçalves‐de‐Freitas Eliane 
Published: June 2021

AbstractSome common practices in aquaculture, ornamental trade and fish facilities may disturb the behavioural repertoire of fish and its natural adaptive value, reducing welfare and impairing fish production. Hence, it is necessary to understand fish behaviour, as well as the factors affecting it, to improve the quality of fish's life under artificial environment. Here, we reviewed the behaviour of the angelfish Pterophyllum scalare, an Amazonian cichlid used worldwide both as an ornamental fish and as a fish model in scientific research. We characterized social, reproductive and feeding behaviour, as well as the amazing cognitive ability of the angelfish. In addition, we reviewed the effects of environmental enrichment and suggested some important variables that need to be considered for rearing P. scalare. In this review, we show for the first time a synthesis on behaviour and a best practice overview to improve the welfare of angelfish as a target species. Nonetheless, most topics reviewed fit a broader set of fish species, particularly ornamental ones. This synthesis can therefore open a path for further behavioural research applied to the welfare of angelfish and bring insights to other fish species.
First confirmed complete incubation of a flapper skate (Dipturus intermedius) egg in captivity
Authors: Benjamins Steven , Cole Georgina , Naylor Adam , Thorburn James A. , Dodd Jane 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAn egg of the critically endangered flapper skate Dipturus intermedius was successfully incubated to hatching in captivity in what is believed to be a first for the species. Water conditions (temperature, salinity, flow rate) were recorded, with mean water temperatures ranging from a monthly mean of 8.3 ± 1.2 to 13.2 ± 0.3°C and salinity from a monthly mean of 30.5 ± 1.2 to 36.6 ± 2.3 ppt. Hatching occurred after 534 days, suggesting that flapper skate eggs take c. 5700 growing degree‐days to incubate to hatching. The egg's prolonged embryonic development raises concerns about flapper skate eggs' vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance.
Evidence of egg‐laying grounds for critically endangered flapper skate (Dipturus intermedius) off Orkney, UK
Authors: Phillips Natasha D. , Garbett Amy , Wise Daniel , Loca Sophie L. , Daly Olivia , Eagling Lawrence E. , Houghton Jonathan D. R. , Verhoog Peter , Thorburn James , Collins Patrick C. 
Published: June 2021

AbstractEssential fish habitats (EFHs) are critical for fish life‐history events, including spawning, breeding, feeding or growth. This study provides evidence of EFHs for the critically endangered flapper skate (Dipturus intermedius) in the waters around the Orkney Isles, Scotland, based on citizen‐science observation data. The habitats of potential egg‐laying sites were parametrised as >20 m depth, with boulders or exposed bedrock, in moderate current flow (0.3–2.8 knots) with low sedimentation. This information provides a significant contribution to the understanding of EFHs for flapper skate.
First report and characterization of Tenacibaculum maritimum isolates recovered from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farmed in Chile
Authors: Valdes Sara , Irgang Rute , Barros María C. , Ilardi Pedro , Saldarriaga‐Córdoba Mónica , Rivera–Bohle Javier , Madrid Enrique , Gajardo–Córdova Johana , Avendaño‐Herrera Ruben 
Published: June 2021

AbstractThe present study reports on the first isolation of Tenacibaculum maritimum in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farmed in Chile. In March 2020, two cages raising rainbow trout (~250 g) in the Los Lagos Region suffered a disease outbreak. In total, 17,554 fish died (3.5%–4.8% accumulated mortality). Microbiological analysis of the diseased fish obtained two representative isolates (i.e. Tm‐035 and Tm‐036). These were obtained from the external gross skin lesions—typical of tenacibaculosis—of two fish. Phenotyping, PCR tests and sequencing of the 16S rRNA and housekeeping genes confirmed the isolates as T. maritimum. The pathogenic potential of Tm‐035 was further assessed by bath challenging Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), which killed 70 ± 15% of fish within 11 days. Dead fish presented the same external clinical signs as did the farmed rainbow trout specimens. This research further broadens the known host distribution of this pathogen. Furthermore, the virulence experiments demonstrated that T. maritimum does not have a specific host. Additional studies are needed to evaluate the risk of T. maritimum for the O. mykiss farming industry.
Use of an Evidence‐Based Approach to Improve Influenza Vaccination Uptake in Pregnancy
Authors: Dehlinger Cynthia , Nypaver Cynthia , Whiteside James 
Published: June 2021

IntroductionInfluenza can be a significant health threat for any affected individual. Pregnant women are a high‐risk population because of the likelihood of developing severe disease. Although the influenza vaccine has been recommended for use by pregnant women since 2004, current vaccination rates among pregnant women are lower than the general population and other high‐risk groups.ProcessA quality improvement project was undertaken during the 2019‐to‐2020 influenza season to increase the uptake of the influenza vaccine by women who were pregnant. The primary objective of the project was to increase the influenza vaccination rate compared with the rate in the previous season. The project had a secondary objective of standardizing documentation of the patient's vaccination status in the health record to capture data for performance measures. Interventions directed at patients, health care providers, and the health care system were simultaneously implemented as recommended by the Community Preventive Services Task Force.OutcomesData were collected from 2967 records with 1480 from the 2018‐to‐2019 season and 1487 from the 2019‐to‐2020 season. Compared with records from the 2018‐to‐2019 season, the rate of those associated with a documented influenza vaccine was higher in the 2019‐to‐2020 season (63% vs 59%; P = .01). The rate of records without vaccination status codes was significantly less in the 2019‐to‐2020 season compared with the 2018‐to‐2019 season (14% vs 23%; P < .001).DiscussionAlthough interventions were effective in improving influenza vaccination uptake among pregnant women, vaccination rates still remain below the 80% goal set by the US Department of Health and Human Services. Bundled interventions have proven to be more effective than individual interventions, although which interventions are most effective remains unclear.
Akt3‐mTOR regulates hippocampal neurogenesis in adult mouse
Authors: Zhang Tingting , Ding Hong , Wang Ya , Yuan Zihao , Zhang Yajie , Chen Guiquan , Xu Yun , Chen Ling 
Published: June 2021

AbstractAkt signaling has been associated with adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). We reported cognitive dysfunction in Akt3 knockout (Akt3‐KO) mice with the down‐regulation of mTOR activation. However, little is known about the effects of Akt3 signaling on hippocampal neurogenesis. Herein, we show that progenitor cells, neuroblasts, and mature newborn neurons in hippocampal DG expressed Akt3 protein. The Akt3 phosphorylation in hippocampal DG was increased after voluntary wheel running for 7 days in wild‐type mice (running WT mice), but not in Akt3‐KO mice (running Akt3‐KO mice). Subsequently, we observed that the proliferation of progenitor cells was suppressed in Akt3‐KO mice and the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin‐treated mice, whereas enhanced in running WT mice rather than running Akt3‐KO mice. Neurite growth of neuroblasts was impaired in Akt3‐KO mice and rapamycin‐treated mice. In contrast, neither differentiation of progenitor cells nor migrating of newly generated neurons was altered in Akt3‐KO mice or running WT mice. The levels of p70S6K and 4EBP1 phosphorylation were declined in Akt3‐KO mice and elevated in running WT mice depending on mTOR activation. Furthermore, telomerase activity, telomere length, and expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) were decreased in Akt3‐KO mice but increased in running WT mice rather than running Akt3‐KO mice, which required the mTOR activation. The study provides in vivo evidence that Akt3‐mTOR signaling plays an important role in the proliferation of progenitor cells and neurite growth through positive regulated TERT expression and activation of p70S6K and 4EBP1.
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The role of stroke nurses in thrombolysis administration in Australia and the United Kingdom: A cross‐sectional survey of current practice
Authors: Hamilton Helen , Dale Simeon , McElduff Benjamin , Craig Louise E. , Fasugba Oyebola , McInnes Elizabeth , Alexandrov Anne W. , Cadilhac Dominique A. , Lightbody Elizabeth , Watkins Dame Caroline , Middleton Sandy 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe role of stroke nurses in patient selection and administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt‐PA) for acute ischaemic stroke is evolving.ObjectivesTo compare differences in stroke nurses' practices related to rt‐PA administration in Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) and to examine whether these differences influence rt‐PA treatment rates.MethodsA cross‐sectional, self‐administered questionnaire administered to a lead stroke clinician from hospitals known to provide rt‐PA for acute ischaemic stroke. Chi‐square tests were used to analyse between‐country differences in ten pre‐specified rt‐PA practices. Non‐parametric equality of medians test was used to assess within‐country differences for likelihood of undertaking practices and association with rt‐PA treatment rates. Reporting followed STROBE checklist.ResultsResponse rate 68%; (Australia: 74% [n = 63/85]; UK: 65% [n = 93/144]). There were significant differences between countries for 7/10 practices. UK nurses were more likely to: request CT scan; screen patient for rt‐PA suitability; gain informed consent; use telemedicine to assess, diagnose or treat; assist in the decision for rt‐PA with Emergency Department physician or neurologist; and undergo training in rt‐PA administration. Reported median hospital rt‐PA treatment rates were 12% in the UK and 7.8% in Australia: (7.8%). In Australia, there was an association between higher treatment rates and nurses involvement in 5/10 practices; read and interpret CT scans; screen patient for rt‐PA suitability; gain informed consent; assess suitability for rt‐PA with neurologist/stroke physician; undergo training in rt‐PA administration. There was no relationship between UK treatment rates and likelihood of a stroke nurse to undertake any of the ten rt‐PA practices.ConclusionStroke nurses' active role in rt‐PA administration can improve rt‐PA treatment rates. Models of care that broaden stroke nurses' scope of practice to maximise rt‐PA treatment rates for ischaemic stroke patients are needed.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study demonstrates that UK and Australian nurses play an important role in thrombolysis practices; however, they are underused. Formalising and extending the role of stroke nurses in rt‐PA administration could potentially increase thrombolysis rates with clinical benefits for patients.
A systematic review of dental‐related emergency department visits among Medicaid beneficiaries
Authors: Cothron Annaliese , Diep Vuong K. , Shah Savyasachi , Brow Avery , Thakkar‐Samtani Madhuli , Okunseri Chris , Tranby Eric P. , Frantsve‐Hawley Julie 
Published: June 2021

AbstractObjectivesDental‐related emergency department (ED) visits are a growing public health concern. Dental insurance coverage is a strong predictor of dental service access. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review to assess the incidence of dental‐related ED visits for Medicaid dental enrollees compared to those with other insurances.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar were searched for surveillance and observational data published in English from January 1999 to April 2020 to address the following PECOT question: Do patients with nontraumatic dental conditions (NTDC) (P1), or patients with any dental condition (P2) who have Medicaid (E) compared to other insurance status (private insurance, Medicare, no insurance) (C) have a differential incidence of single dental‐related ED visits (O) in the literature search results from 1999 to April 2020 (T)? A critical appraisal was performed using a combination of the AXIS tool (for cross‐sectional studies with observational data and MetaQAT (for public health evidence).ResultsThis systematic review included 32 studies. Overall, risk of bias was low. Due to significant statistical heterogeneity, a synthesis without meta‐analysis was conducted. NTDC ED visits ranged from 16.0 percent to 79.8 percent for Medicaid patients and 0.9 percent to 57.2 percent for uninsured patients. The range for any dental visit to the ED was 2.2–63.8 percent for Medicaid patients and 2.9–40.8 percent for uninsured patients.ConclusionsThe results of this study support expanding insurance coverage in Medicaid programs to reduce ED use for NTDC visits in the United States.
Epidemiological aspects of superficial fungal infections in Koranic schools in two localities of Senegal (Thies and Touba)
Authors: Badiane Aïda Sadikh , Diongue Khadim , Seck Mame Cheikh , Ndiaye Mouhamadou , Ndiaye Daouda 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundIn developing countries, superficial fungal infections (SFI) are endemic and cause a therapeutic problem because of the duration and cost of treatment. Community living and promiscuity are key factors in the direct or indirect transmission and spread of these diseases.ObjectivesThe objective was to study the epidemiological aspects of SFI, among koranic school children in two localities in Senegal.Patients/MethodsSchool koranic students were recruited in Thies and Touba. Diagnosis of fungal diseases was carried out using conventional techniques (microscopic examination and culture).ResultsAmong 210 children, the overall prevalence of SFI was 25.71%, with 27.63% in Touba and 20.68% in Thiès. The clinical lesions were epidermophytosis (0.5%), intertrigo (0.9%), palmoplantar keratoderma (KPP) (0.9%), onychomycosis (7.7%) and tinea capitis (TC) (90%). The species responsible for the SFI were Trichophyton soudanense (85.18%), Microsporum audouinii langeronii (9.25%), Trichophyton rubrum (3.70%) and Chrysosporium keratinophilum (1.85%). The prevalence of infection was higher among boys (85.18%).ConclusionSuperficial fungal infections are prevalent in koranic school children and attention should be given to non‐dermatophytic species that could be responsible for SFI.
COVID‐19 vaccination in pediatric solid organ transplant recipients—Current state and future directions
Authors: L’Huillier Arnaud G. , Ardura Monica I. , Chaudhuri Abanti , Danziger‐Isakov Lara , Dulek Daniel , Green Michael , Michaels Marian G. , Posfay‐Barbe Klara M. , Vàsquez Luciola , Benden Christian 
Published: June 2021

AbstractBackgroundPopulation‐level COVID‐19 immunization will play a key role in slowing down the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on a global scale and protect the most at‐risk individuals. Thanks to a formidable universal effort, several SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines have been marketed less than a year since the first documented COVID‐19 case, with promising safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity results in adults. As children were not included in the initial trials, no vaccine is currently approved for individuals <16 years of age. Similarly, immunosuppressed individuals, such as solid organ transplant recipients, were excluded from initial vaccine trials, limiting the understanding of vaccine immunogenicity and safety in this at‐risk population. Thus, data regarding COVID‐19 vaccination in pediatric solid organ transplantation recipients are currently lacking.MethodsMembers of the International Pediatric Transplant Association review the current general status of COVID‐19 vaccines focusing on pediatric‐specific issues.ResultsThis review provides an overview of COVID‐19 vaccines in pediatric SOT recipients and highlights the current paucity of data in both pediatric and transplant settings in terms of safety, immunogenicity, and clinical efficacy.ConclusionsVaccine trials including children and transplant recipients are underway and will be necessary to characterize COVID‐19 vaccine safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy, which will determine potential future research directions.