bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Determination of Ion Acoustic Wave Dispersion Relation With Interferometric Analysis
Authors: Vech Daniel , Malaspina David M. , Cattell Cynthia , Schwartz Steven J. , Ergun Robert E. , Klein Kristopher G. , Kromyda Lily , Chasapis Alexandros 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper we study electrostatic waves with time‐dependent frequency features in the terrestrial foreshock. These short (0.1–0.3 s) duration waves are characterized by a significant frequency drift where the peak wave power shifts from a few hundred Hz to 2–4,000 Hz in a few hundred milliseconds. Based on the electric field data from the Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) we have identified 46 of these wave packets. Using four spacecraft timing approach we find that these waves have a propagation direction pointing upstream. However, their plasma frame velocity is less than the solar wind speed, therefore they are eventually convected downstream toward the bow shock. We use the double‐probes of MMS and present an interferometric analysis, which allows us to obtain the dispersion relation of these waves and directly compare them to theoretical ones. We show that the measured dispersion relations are in good agreement with Doppler shifted ion acoustic waves and discuss potential mechanisms related to impulsive reflected ions that may allow the growth of these waves and cause time‐dependent frequency features.
Seasonal and Dust‐Related Variations in the Dayside Thermospheric and Ionospheric Compositions of Mars Observed by MAVEN/NGIMS
Authors: Yoshida Nao , Terada Naoki , Nakagawa Hiromu , Brain David A. , Sakai Shotaro , Nakamura Yuki , Benna Mehdi , Masunaga Kei 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe report seasonal and dust‐related variations in neutral and ion species (CO2, O, and N2, and CO2+, O2+, O+, and N+, respectively) in the dayside Martian upper atmosphere between altitudes of ∼150 and ∼250 km observed by the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer aboard the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft. The sinusoidal seasonal variations in CO2+ and O2+ densities are clearly identified, while that of O+ is less discernible. These observed variations in ion densities are well reproduced by a photochemical equilibrium model for CO2+ and O+ densities when we combine them with solar cycle variations. Furthermore, we find a decrease in O, O+, and O2+ densities in the whole altitude range at Ls = 342–346 in MY 33 during a regional dust event. The decrease in O density would lead to decreases in O+ and O2+ densities in the ionosphere through ion‐neutral reactions. Observed variations in ion and neutral species associated with the season and a regional dust storm are also confirmed in pressure coordinates. Observations show that the CO2+/O+ ratio at a given pressure level in the ionosphere varies by a factor of ∼3, which can modify the composition of ion outflow from the Martian atmosphere.
Association study of candidate DNA-repair gene variants and acute graft versus host disease in pediatric patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation
Authors: Uppugunduri C. R. S. , Huezo-Diaz Curtis P. , Nava T. , Rezgui M. A. , Mlakar V. , Mlakar S. Jurkovic , Waespe N. , Théoret Y. , Gumy-Pause F. , Bernard F. , Chalandon Y. , Boelens J. J. , Bredius R. G. M. , Dalle J. H. , Nath C. , Corbacioglu S. , Peters C. , Bader P. , Shaw P. , Bittencourt H. , Krajinovic M. , Ansari M. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractAcute Graft versus Host Disease (aGvHD) grades 2–4 occurs in 15–60% of pediatric patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The collateral damage to normal tissue by conditioning regimens administered prior to allo-HSCT serve as an initial trigger for aGvHD. DNA-repair mechanisms may play an important role in mitigating this initial damage, and so the variants in corresponding DNA-repair protein-coding genes via affecting their quantity and/or function. We explored 51 variants within 17 DNA-repair genes for their association with aGvHD grades 2–4 in 60 pediatric patients. The cumulative incidence of aGvHD 2–4 was 12% (n = 7) in the exploratory cohort. MGMT rs10764881 (G>A) and EXO rs9350 (c.2270C>T) variants were associated with aGvHD 2–4 [Odds ratios = 14.8 (0 events out of 40 in rs10764881 GG group) and 11.5 (95% CI: 2.3–191.8), respectively, multiple testing corrected p ≤ 0.001]. Upon evaluation in an extended cohort (n = 182) with an incidence of aGvHD 2–4 of 22% (n = 40), only MGMT rs10764881 (G>A) remained significant (adjusted HR = 2.05 [95% CI: 1.06–3.94]; p = 0.03) in the presence of other clinical risk factors. Higher MGMT expression was seen in GG carriers for rs10764881 and was associated with higher IC50 of Busulfan in lymphoblastoid cells. MGMT rs10764881 carrier status could predict aGvHD occurrence in pediatric patients undergoing allo-HSCT.
Thermodynamics of climate change between cloud cover, atmospheric temperature and humidity
Authors: Mendoza Víctor , Pazos Marni , Garduño René , Mendoza Blanca 
Published: October 2021

AbstractOn a global and annual average, we find a parameterization in which the cloud cover increase is proportional to the mid tropospheric temperature increase, with a negative proportionality factor. If the relative humidity is conserved throughout the troposphere, a 1 °C heating (cooling) of the mid troposphere, decreases (increases) the cloud cover by 1.5 percentage points (pp). But if the relative humidity is not conserved, then the cloud cover decreases (increases) by 7.6 pp. If the shortwave reflection effect of the cloud cover is dominant on a global scale, this parameterization leads to a predominant positive feedback: if the temperature increases like in the current climate change, the cloud cover decreases and more solar radiation reaches the surface increasing the temperature even more. The contribution of the present work consists in finding that the negative sign of the proportionality factor is due to the Clausius–Clapeyron equation; that is, to the magnitude of the derivative of the saturation vapor pressure at the typical standard surface temperature of 288 K. The negative sign of the factor is independent on the conservation or non-conservation of relative humidity in the troposphere under climate change.
Morphological and p40 immunohistochemical analysis of squamous differentiation in endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle biopsies of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Haugk Beate , Horton David , Oppong Kofi , Leeds John , Darne Antony , Sloan Philip , Ness Thomas , Jones Claire , Bassett Paul , Nayar Manu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe basal-like molecular subtype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is associated with poor prognosis and upregulation in TP63ΔN (p40) network. Adenosquamous histology can be observed. This study assessed immunohistochemical p40 expression in fine needle biopsy (FNB) samples with PDAC and association with cytomorphological features of squamous differentiation and clinical data. 106 EUS FNBs with PDAC were assessed for eight cytomorphological features of squamous differentiation. P40 H-score (intensity 0–3 × percentage positive nuclei) was analysed for association with morphological features, patient age, gender, operability, chemotherapy and survival. P40 H-score in 14 paired FNBs and resections was compared. P40 h-score was 1–3 in 31%, 4–30 in 16% and > 30 in 13% of FNBs. It was significantly associated with intercellular bridges, elongated cell shape, sharp cell borders, angular nuclei with homogenous chromatin (p < 0.001) and dense cytoplasm (p = 0.002). Keratinisation was not seen. Inoperable patients (n = 81) had a shorter median survival for h-score > 30 (n = 9, 1.8 months) than for h-score ≤ 30 (n = 66, 6.7 months) not quite reaching statistical significance (p = 0.08). P40 was significantly associated with squamous morphology in FNBs with PDAC. P40 H-score > 30 showed a trend towards shorter survival in inoperable patients. Squamous differentiation may be a treatment target in PDAC.
Quantification of airborne SARS-CoV-2 genomic particles in different hospital settings
Authors: Amato-Lourenço Luís Fernando , de Souza Xavier Costa Natália , Dantas Kátia Cristina , Lombardi Suzette Cleuza Ferreira Spina , Júnior Alfredo Mendroni , Lindoso José Angelo Lauletta , Lima Felipe Gallego , Carvalho-Oliveira Regiani , Mauad Thais 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe quantified the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the air of different hospital settings and the autopsy room of the largest medical centre in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Real-time reverse-transcription PCR was used to determine the presence of the envelope protein of SARS-CoV-2 and the nucleocapsid protein genes. The E-gene was detected in 5 out of 6 samples at the ICU-COVID-19 ward and in 5 out of 7 samples at the ward-COVID-19. Similarly, in the non-dedicated facilities, the E-gene was detected in 5 out of 6 samples collected in the ICU and 4 out of 7 samples in the ward. In the necropsy room, 6 out of 7 samples were positive for the E-gene. When both wards were compared, the non-COVID ward presented a significantly higher concentration of the E-gene than in the COVID-19 ward (p = 0.003). There was no significant difference in E-gene concentration between the ICU-COVID-19 and the ICU (p = 0.548). Likewise, there was no significant difference among E-gene concentrations found in the autopsy room versus the ICUs and wards (dedicated or not) (p = 0.245). Our results show the widespread presence of aerosol contamination in different hospital units.
Interrelation of the stagnant slab, Ontong Java Plateau, and intraplate volcanism as inferred from seismic tomography
Authors: Obayashi Masayuki , Yoshimitsu Junko , Suetsugu Daisuke , Shiobara Hajime , Sugioka Hiroko , Ito Aki , Isse Takehi , Ishihara Yasushi , Tanaka Satoru , Tonegawa Takashi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe investigated the seismological structure beneath the equatorial Melanesian region, where is tectonically unique because an immense oceanic plateau, a volcanic chain and subduction zones meet. We conducted a multi-frequency P-wave tomography using data collected from an approximately 2-year-long seismic experiment around the Ontong Java Plateau (OJP). High-velocity anomalies were revealed beneath the center of the OJP at a depth of ~ 150 km, the middle-eastern edge of the OJP at depths of 200–300 km, and in the mantle transition zone beneath and around the OJP; low-velocity anomalies were observed along the Caroline volcanic island chain above 450 km depth. These anomalies are considered to be associated with the thick lithosphere of the OJP, remnant dipping Pacific slab, stagnant Pacific slab, and a sheet-like upwelling. The broad stagnant slab was formed due to rapid trench retreat from 48 to 25 Ma until when the OJP with thick lithosphere collided with a subduction boundary of the Pacific and Australian plates. This collision triggered slab breakoff beneath the arc where the dipping slab remained. The stagnant Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone restricted the plume upwelling from the lower mantle causing sheet-like deformed upwelling in the upper mantle.
Capturing tumour heterogeneity in pre- and post-chemotherapy colorectal cancer ascites-derived cells using single-cell RNA-sequencing
Authors: Poonpanichakul Tiraput , Shiao Meng-Shin , Jiravejchakul Natnicha , Matangkasombut Ponpan , Sirachainan Ekaphop , Charoensawan Varodom , Jinawath Natini 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Malignant ascites is an abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity, caused by metastasis of several types of cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Cancer cells in ascites reflect poor prognosis and serve as a good specimen to study tumour heterogeneity, as they represent a collection of multiple metastatic sites in the peritoneum. In the present study, we have employed single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to explore and characterise ascites-derived cells from a CRC patient. The samples were prepared using mechanical and enzymatic dissociations, and obtained before and after a chemotherapy treatment. Unbiased clustering of 19,653 cells from four samples reveals 14 subclusters with unique transcriptomic patterns in four major cell types: epithelial cells, myeloid cells, fibroblasts, and lymphocytes. Interestingly, the percentages of cells recovered from different cell types appeared to be influenced by the preparation protocols, with more than 90% reduction in the number of myeloid cells recovered by enzymatic preparation. Analysis of epithelial cell subpopulations unveiled only three out of eleven subpopulations with clear contraction after the treatment, suggesting that the majority of the heterogeneous ascites-derived cells were resistant to the treatment, potentially reflecting the poor treatment outcome observed in the patient. Overall, our study showcases highly heterogeneous cancer subpopulations at single-cell resolution, which respond differently to a particular chemotherapy treatment. All in all, this work highlights the potential benefit of single-cell analyses in planning appropriate treatments and real-time monitoring of therapeutic response in cancer patients through routinely discarded ascites samples.
A Self-Managed Internet Parent Training Program for Interactive Storybook Reading: Extension to a Public School Setting
Authors: Bellon-Harn Monica L. , Morris Lekeitha R. , Jones Ashtyn 
Published: October 2021

Purpose:
This research note evaluated the collaboration, recruitment, enrollment processes, as well as outcomes of an online, self-managed parent training program (Success With Stories [SWS]) concurrent with a Head Start school curriculum.

Method:
This case examination presents the research processes used to examine an online program concurrent with Head Start school programming. Challenges, outcomes, and next steps in the process were evaluated. The engagement of parents who completed the program was examined.

Results:
Collaborative processes were developed, and recruitment strategies were initiated. Of the 92 parents who expressed immediate interest, 38 registered and 16 consented but only seven completed the program. Of the parents who completed the program, survey data revealed high levels of parent satisfaction, motivation, and perceived competence.

Conclusions:
Results indicate a breakdown in the recruitment, enrollment, and completion processes. Results indicate that SWS has promised to address target areas with the intended audience. However, online interventions are only useful if they are accessed and completed. Future directions to increase program completion are discussed.
Editorial
Authors: Lock Guntram 
Published: October 2021

Dear Colleagues,It is a special pleasure to introduce the first issue of
Ultrasound International Open in a still difficult year – a year, in which many of
us had concerns and clinical tasks reaching far beyond basic or clinical science on
ultrasonography (US). Thus, I am delighted to draw your attention to some
interesting and important new papers teaching us on various aspects of our every
dayʼs US practice.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy and Radiation Exposure of Dual-Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) in the Course of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH)
Authors: Schüßler Armin , Richter Manuel , Tello Khodr , Steiner Dagmar , Seeger Werner , Krombach Gabriele Anja , Roller Fritz Christian 
Published: October 2021

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) including dual energy and reconstruction of iodine maps for diagnosing CTEPH. This method for detecting embolisms and perfusion failures was compared with V/Q-SPECT. An additional purpose was to compare the applied radiation dose of both techniques.
Materials and Methods 71 patients (49 women) with suspected CTEPH were included in this prospective study. The patients received a V/Q-SPECT and a dual-energy CTPA. Iodine maps were reconstructed from the data set. CTPA and the iodine maps were read by an experienced radiologist unaware of the clinical information as well as the results of the V/Q-SPECT. Results were compared to the V/Q-SPECT. DLP and the applied amount of radionuclides (MAA, Technegas) were obtained for comparison of radiation dose.
Results For the diagnosis of CTEPH, the sensitivity of DECT was 1.000, specificity 0.966, PPV 0.867 and NPV 1.000, respectively. There was not a considerable difference in the x-ray exposure between the DECT examination and the V/Q-SPECT (1.892 mSv vs. 1.911 mSv; p = 0.6115). Both examination modalities were highly consistent regarding the classification of pathological segments (1177/1278 segments, 92,09 %, κ = 0,5938).
Conclusion This study presents the DECT, in combination with reconstructed iodine maps, as a potential alternative to the current imaging technique of first choice, V/Q-SPECT. For creating future prospective diagnostic algorithms, the implementation of DECT screening with iodine maps should be considered.
Key Points:

Citation Format
Der Weg zur Entdeckung des pulmonalen Gasaustausches
Authors: Koehler Ulrich , Hildebrandt Olaf , Conradt Regina , Koehler Julian , Hildebrandt Wulf 
Published: October 2021

ZusammenfassungMit der Entdeckung des Sauerstoffs und des pulmonalen Gasaustausches ist ein großer Schritt im Verständnis der Atmung vollzogen worden. Über Jahrhunderte hinweg wurde die Auffassung vertreten, dass die Lunge primär zur Kühlung des Herzens bzw. zur „Vervollkommnung“ des Blutes notwendig sei. Die Beobachtung einer unterschiedlichen Blutfarbe vor und nach Lungenpassage führte Richard Lower (1631–1691) zu der Annahme, dass dem Blut durch die Atmung ein spezieller Stoff zugeführt worden sein müsse. Georg Ernst Stahl (1660–1734) formulierte mit seiner Phlogistontheorie einen Feuerstoff „Phlogiston“ (phlox = Flamme), der in allen brennbaren Stoffen enthalten sei und bei der Verbrennung entweiche. John Mayow (1641–1679) erkannte, dass etwa ein Fünftel des Atemgases bedeutsam für den Atmungsprozess ist, er nannte das Gas „spiritus nitro aerius“. Erstmalig wurde Sauerstoff von dem schwedisch-deutschen Apotheker Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742–1786) sowie dem englischen Chemiker Joseph Priestley (1733–1804) in den 1770er-Jahren – unabhängig voneinander – hergestellt. Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier (1743–1794) hat den Elementcharakter des Sauerstoffs erkannt und den Oxidationsvorgang erstmals exakt beschrieben.
Nutritional traits of riverine eucalypts across lowland catchments in southeastern Australia
Authors: Fernando Denise R. , Dyer Fiona , Gehrig Susan , Capon Sam , Fernando Anthony E. , George Amy , Campbell Cherie , Tschierschke Alica , Palmer Gary , Davies Micah , Kinsela Andrew S. , Collins Richard N. , Nolan Martin , Doody Tanya 
Published: October 2021

Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae) trees are ubiquitous in riparian–floodplain zones of Australia’s south-eastern river catchments, where natural ecosystems continue to be affected. In the Murray–Darling Basin (MDB), provision of environmental flows to mitigate tree decline is informed by past field studies. However, broadscale empirical field data on tree nutrition and response to external changes remain scarce. This is the first study to gather soil and plant data across a large area of catchment lowlands to generate a low-resolution regional snapshot of tree nutrition and soil chemistry. Leaves and soils were sampled across and adjacent to the MDB; from and beneath mature trees of three key riverine eucalypts, Eucalyptus largiflorens, E. camaldulensis, and E. coolabah. Foliar sodium concentrations ranged from ∼500 mg kg−1 for E. coolabah up to ∼4500 mg kg−1 for E. largiflorens, with highest values at the River Murray sites. The results suggest E. largiflorens is highly salt tolerant by foliage accumulation given all trees sampled were in good condition. Further research into these species is needed to determine toxicity thresholds for elements such as sodium to aid early diagnosis of potential tree stress, which could provide an additional line of evidence for when environmental water is required to mitigate decline.
Ideologies of Labor and the Consequences of Toil in India’s Construction Industry
Authors: Sargent Adam 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis article examines the semiotics of labor through an analysis of a construction skill training program in Delhi. It focuses on recurring struggles between students and administrators over the nature and consequences of the activities they engaged in at the training center. Drawing on the notion of language ideology, it argues that students and administrators invoked different ideologies of labor in framing the value and meaning of productive activities. Under different ideological framings, productive action had the potential to transform the subject in radically different but equally unstable ways. While students worried that engaging in “labor work” could transform them into abject laborers, administrators tried to shore up the notion that “practical” would make students into successful workers. More generally, the paper suggests that attending to ideologies of labor can nuance accounts of how labor transforms subjects and social worlds.
Application of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Macular Analysis for Systemic Hypertension. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Anjos Rita , Ferreira André , Barkoudah Ebrahim , Claggett Brian , Abegão Pinto Luis , Miguel Ana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract

Background
Microvascular rarefaction due to hypertension has been linked to disease severity and end-organ complications. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has been explored as a potential tool to evaluate the retinal microvascular network in hypertensive patients.

Methods
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were systematically searched to 10th of September of 2021, along with a manual search. Studies that used OCTA as a primary diagnostic method to evaluate the macular microvasculature of hypertensive patients were included. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model. Primary outcomes were macular vessel density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) at the superficial and deep capillary plexus.

Results
Of 947 screened articles, 9 were found eligible for qualitative and quantitative analysis. VD in hypertensive patients was reduced when compared with controls in the fovea (0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.87–0.99, P = 0.023) and the parafovea (0.95, 95% CI 0.93–0.97, P &lt; 0.001) of the superficial capillary plexus. FAZ was larger in the deep plexus of hypertensive patients (1.10, 95% CI 1.03–1.18, P = 0.003). VD reduction was found in patients with worsening blood pressure control in 3 studies and prolonged disease in 2 studies.

Conclusions
Microvascular rarefaction of the macula is found in hypertensive patients with a reduction of foveal and parafoveal VD and an increase of FAZ area. Disease duration and severity might be related to a microvascular rarefaction. OCTA could offer a novel tool for the assessment and follow-up of hypertensive patients.