bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing diagnostic assessment of breast lumpectomy tissues using radiomic and optical signatures
Authors: Streeter Samuel S. , Hunt Brady , Zuurbier Rebecca A. , Wells Wendy A. , Paulsen Keith D. , Pogue Brian W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHigh positive margin rates in oncologic breast-conserving surgery are a pressing clinical problem. Volumetric X-ray scanning is emerging as a powerful ex vivo specimen imaging technique for analyzing resection margins, but X-rays lack contrast between non-malignant and malignant fibrous tissues. In this study, combined micro-CT and wide-field optical image radiomics were developed to classify malignancy of breast cancer tissues, demonstrating that X-ray/optical radiomics improve malignancy classification. Ninety-two standardized features were extracted from co-registered micro-CT and optical spatial frequency domain imaging samples extracted from 54 breast tumors exhibiting seven tissue subtypes confirmed by microscopic histological analysis. Multimodal feature sets improved classification performance versus micro-CT alone when adipose samples were included (AUC = 0.88 vs. 0.90; p-value = 3.65e−11) and excluded, focusing the classification task on exclusively non-malignant fibrous versus malignant tissues (AUC = 0.78 vs. 0.85; p-value = 9.33e−14). Extending the radiomics approach to high-dimensional optical data—termed “optomics” in this study—offers a promising optical image analysis technique for cancer detection. Radiomic feature data and classification source code are publicly available.
Comparison between planar and single-photon computed tomography images for radiation intensity quantification in iodine-131 scintigraphy
Authors: Iizuka Yusuke , Katagiri Tomohiro , Inoue Minoru , Nakamura Kiyonao , Mizowaki Takashi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of quantifying iodine-131 (131I) accumulation in scintigraphy images and compare planar and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images to estimate 131I radioactivity in patients receiving radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid cancer. We evaluated 72 sets of planar and SPECT images acquired between February 2017 and December 2018. Simultaneously, we placed a reference 131I capsule next to the patient during image acquisition. We evaluated the correlation between the intensity of the capsule in the images and the capsule dose and estimated the radiation dose at the thyroid bed. The mean capsule dose was 2.14 MBq (range, 0.63–4.31 MBq). The correlation coefficients (p-value) between capsule dose and maximum and mean intensities in both planar and SPECT images were 0.93 (p < 0.01), 0.96 (p < 0.01), 0.60 (p < 0.01), and 0.47 (p < 0.01), respectively. The mean intensities of planar images show the highest correlation coefficients. Based on a regression equation, the average radiation dose in the thyroid bed was 5.9 MBq. In conclusion, planar images reflected the radiation dose more accurately than SPECT images. The regression equation allows to determine the dose in other regions, such as the thyroid bed or sites of distant metastasis.
Theoretical study of cellulose II nanocrystals with different exposed facets
Authors: Leng Can , Li Kenli , Tian Zean , Si Yubing , Huang Huang , Li Junfeng , Liu Jie , Huang Wei-Qing , Li Keqin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDerived from the most abundant natural polymer, cellulose nanocrystal materials have attracted attention in recent decades due to their chemical and mechanical properties. However, still unclear is the influence of different exposed facets of the cellulose nanocrystals on the physicochemical properties. Herein, we first designed cellulose II nanocrystals with different exposed facets, the hydroxymethyl conformations distribution, hydrogen bond (HB) analysis, as well as the relative structural stability of these models (including crystal facets {A, B, O} and Type-A models vary in size) are theoretically investigated. The results reveal that the HB network of terminal anhydroglucose depends on the adjacent chain’s contact sites in nanocrystals exposed with different facets. Compared to nanocrystals exposed with inclined facet, these exposed with flat facet tend to be the most stable. Therefore, the strategy of tuning exposed crystal facets will guide the design of novel cellulose nanocrystals with various physicochemical properties.
Wearable sensor derived decompensation index for continuous remote monitoring of COVID-19 diagnosed patients
Authors: Richards Dylan M. , Tweardy MacKenzie J. , Steinhubl Steven R. , Chestek David W. , Hoek Terry L. Vanden , Larimer Karen A. , Wegerich Stephan W. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of innovative healthcare methods, including remote patient monitoring. In the setting of limited healthcare resources, outpatient management of individuals newly diagnosed with COVID-19 was commonly implemented, some taking advantage of various personal health technologies, but only rarely using a multi-parameter chest-patch for continuous monitoring. Here we describe the development and validation of a COVID-19 decompensation index (CDI) model based on chest patch-derived continuous sensor data to predict COVID-19 hospitalizations in outpatient-managed COVID-19 positive individuals, achieving an overall AUC of the ROC Curve of 0.84 on 308 event negative participants, and 22 event positive participants, out of an overall study cohort of 400 participants. We retrospectively compare the performance of CDI to standard of care modalities, finding that the machine learning model outperforms the standard of care modalities in terms of both numbers of events identified and with a lower false alarm rate. While only a pilot phase study, the CDI represents a promising application of machine learning within a continuous remote patient monitoring system.
Wearable Metasurface Antenna based on Electrically‐small Ring Resonators for WBAN Applications
Authors: Braham Chaouche Youcef , Nedil Mourad , Olaimat Melad , El Badawe Mohamed , Ramahi Omar M. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis letter proposes a novel wearable metasurface antenna (MSA) based on electric ring resonators (ERR) for 5.8 GHz wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. All substrates of the proposed design are made from the semi‐flexible Rogers RT5880 material. To achieve size miniaturization, 6 × 8 ERR elements are placed on a flat surface connected through a corporate‐feed network. The total dimensions of the proposed MSA are 120 × 90 × 1.574 mm3 (2.2λ0 × 1.69λ0 × 0.029λ0). Furthermore, an average efficiency of 79.9%, and a peak gain of 12.82 dBi with a stable radiation pattern have been realized in the operating band. The performance of the proposed MSA is analyzed in close proximity to the human body tissue. The experimental results show good agreement with the numerical data. With all these features, the proposed design is a good candidate for wearable WBAN applications.
Room‐temperature laser operation of a (Ga,In)As/Ga(As,Bi)/(Ga,In)As W‐type laser diode
Authors: Hepp Thilo , Lehr Jannik , Günkel Robin , Maßmeyer Oliver , Glowatzki Johannes , Ruiz Perez Antje , Reinhard Stefan , Stolz Wolfgang , Volz Kerstin 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe ongoing pursuit for laser device emitting in the near‐infrared spectral region on GaAs substrates has led to various material systems and device concepts. Alloys containing dilute amounts of Bismuth are promising candidates due to the already substantial band gap shift when incorporating low molar fractions of Bi in the GaAs host lattice. However, devices emitting at technologically essential wavelengths of 1.3 and 1.55 μm have yet to be demonstrated using this material system. Especially the non‐equilibrium nature of the growth conditions required to grow the metastable material makes epitaxial growth with high molar fractions of Bi challenging. An alternate approach to reach the desired wavelengths exploits a type‐II band alignment between two materials to push the emission wavelength further into the telecom bands. Here, room‐temperature laser operation of the first type‐II structure employing Ga(As,Bi) as hole confining layer and (Ga,In)As as electron confining layer is demonstrated. Sample growth is conducted by low‐pressure metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy. Broad area laser devices are processed and characterized by electroluminescence measurements. A threshold current density of 3.86 kA/cm2 and emission wavelength of 1037 nm are observed, showing this device concept's potential for future lasers in the telecom bands.
Imaging of Gastric Carcinoma. Part One: Diagnosis and Staging
Authors: Awiwi Muhammad O. , Ramanan Rochita V. , Elshikh Mohamed , Vikram Raghunandan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractGastric cancer is one of the leading causes of death from malignancy. Despite the enormous advancement in medical oncology over the past decade, surgical resection of early tumors remains the most effective treatment. Accurate interpretation of radiologic imaging studies is crucial for staging local disease spread, predicting possible lymphatic involvement, and identifying metastatic disease, thereby guiding management plans. This article reviews imaging patterns of the normal stomach along with appearances of gastric cancer, its local spread patterns and distant metastasis, and also describes key features pertaining to preoperative staging.
2D versus 3D Endoscopy: Head-to-Head Comparison in a Simulated Model of Endoscopic Endonasal Dural Suturing
Authors: Nebor Ivanna , Anderson Zoe , Mejia-Munne Juan C. , Hussein Ahmed , Montemagno Kora , Fumagalli Rebecca , Labiad Ikrame , Patil Yash , Andaluz Norberto , Sedaghat Ahmad R. , Zuccarello Mario , Forbes Jonathan A. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Objective Endonasal dural suturing (EDS) has been reported to decrease the incidence of cerebrospinal fluid fistula. This technique requires handling of single-shaft instrumentation in the narrow endonasal corridor. It has been proposed that three-dimensional (3D) endoscopes were associated with improved depth perception. In this study, we sought to perform a comparison of two-dimensional (2D) versus 3D endoscopy by assessing surgical proficiency in a simulated model of EDS.
Materials and Methods Twenty-six participants subdivided into groups based on previous endoscopic experience were asked to pass barbed sutures through preset targets with either 2D (Storz Hopkins II) or 3D (Storz TIPCAM) endoscopes on 3D-printed simulation model. Surgical precision and procedural time were measured. All participants completed a Likert scale questionnaire.
Results Novice, intermediate, and expert groups took 11.0, 8.7, and 5.7 minutes with 2D endoscopy and 10.9, 9.0, and 7.6 minutes with 3D endoscopy, respectively. The average deviation for novice, intermediate, and expert groups (mm) was 5.5, 4.4, and 4.3 with 2D and 6.6, 4.6, and 3.0 with 3D, respectively. No significant difference in procedural time or accuracy was found in 2D versus 3D endoscopy. 2D endoscopic visualization was preferred by the majority of expert/intermediate participants, while 3D endoscopic visualization by the novice group.
Conclusion In this pilot study, there was no statistical difference in procedural time or accuracy when utilizing 2D versus 3D endoscopes. While it is possible that widespread familiarity with 2D endoscopic equipment has biased this study, preliminary analysis suggests that 3D endoscopy offers no definitive advantage over 2D endoscopy in this simulated model of EDS.
Electrical properties of high permittivity epitaxial SrCaTiO3 grown on AlGaN/GaN heterostructures
Authors: Jin Eric N. , Downey Brian P. , Gokhale Vikrant J. , Roussos Jason A. , Hardy Matthew T. , Growden Tyler A. , Nepal Neeraj , Katzer D. Scott , Calame Jeffrey P. , Meyer David J. 
Published: November 2021

Epitaxial integration of perovskite oxide materials with GaN has unlocked the potential to improve functionality and performance in high-power RF and power-switching applications. In this work, we demonstrate structural and electrical properties of high dielectric constant Sr1−xCaxTiO3 epitaxial layers grown on AlGaN/GaN/4H-SiC high-electron-mobility transistor structures with compositions ranging from x = 0 to x = 0.53 and oxide film thicknesses ranging from 7 to 126 nm. We show (111) orientation in the SrCaTiO3 (SCTO) thin films using a 1 nm (100) TiO2 buffer layer grown by RF-plasma-assisted oxide molecular beam epitaxy. Current–voltage measurements show up to 5 orders of magnitude reduced leakage with SCTO films when compared to Schottky contacted samples. Capacitance–voltage measurements show minimal hysteresis, an extracted dielectric constant (κ) as high as 290, and a fixed positive interface charge density of 2.38 × 1013 cm−2 at the SCTO/AlGaN interface. The direct integration of the SCTO layer does not significantly affect the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density or the channel mobility with the 2DEG density as a function of SCTO thickness having good agreement with 1D Poisson–Schrödinger simulations. RF characterization of interdigitated capacitors using the SCTO films on unintentionally doped GaN/SiC shows that the films maintain their high κ into microwave frequencies and only exhibit a slight reduction in κ with increased lateral electric fields. These results demonstrate that the integration of a high-κ oxide with GaN can potentially improve electric field management in RF high-electron-mobility transistors and increase the device breakdown voltage without significant degradation to channel transport properties.
Spatial evolution characteristics of ion and electron flow for 300 W class low-power Hall thruster
Authors: Chen Xinwei , Gao Jun , Gu Zuo , Guo Ning , Wang Shangmin , Yang Sanxiang , Ma Yifan , Shi Kai , Geng Hai , Zhang Hong , Pu Yanxu 
Published: November 2021

The Faraday probe and cylindrical Langmuir probe were used to characterize the downstream ion and electron spatial evolution of a 300 W class low-power Hall thruster. The time-averaged ion current density, electron energy probability function, plasma potential, electron temperature, and electron density measurements were conducted at discharge voltages of 200–400 V and anode mass flow rates of 0.65 and 0.95 mg s−1 in the range of 100–500 mm axially and −100 to 100 mm radially downstream of the thruster. The results show that the ion and electron flows exhibit a bipolar diffusion characteristic along the radial direction. Meanwhile, the radial diffusion rate of ions in the plume is greater than the axial diffusion rate. The plasma potential decreases from 18 V at 100 mm axially from the thruster exit to 4 V at 500 mm axially and 100 mm radially. Correspondingly, the electron temperature decreases from 4.2 to 1.0 eV. The electron number density decreases from 2.6 × 1016 to 4 × 1014 m−3. A variable exponential relationship between electron temperature and electron density was observed from the measurements of electron energy probability distribution functions, with an adiabatic factor γ ranging between 1.3 and 1.4 (below the adiabatic value of 5/3). The adiabatic factor γ is considered to correlate with the anode mass flux and the spatial location of plasma, which suggests a possible dependence on the collision rate. These data are of great importance for plume model validation, improvement, plume effect evaluation, and protection mechanisms.
Dynamic strain evolution in an optically excited Pt thin film
Authors: DeCamp M. F. , DiChiara A. D. , Unruh K. M. 
Published: November 2021

The structural evolution of a Pt thin film following photo-thermal excitation by 1 ps optical laser pulses was studied with a time resolution of 100 ps over a total time period of 1 ms. Laser pulse fluences below 50 mJ/cm2 were insufficient to relax the residual stress state of the as-prepared film even after 10 000 pulses. In this fluence regime, a rapid initial lattice expansion and a decrease in the lattice coherence length due to ultrafast photo-thermal heating were observed. The lattice expansion reached a maximum, and the coherence length reached a minimum, 100–200 ps after excitation before monotonically decaying back to their initial values in about 1 µs. Laser pulse fluences greater than 50 mJ/cm2 produced irreversible stress relaxation within the first 10 optical pulses. In this regime, the lattice expansion was qualitatively similar to that in the low fluence regime, except that the initial structural state was not recovered. The evolution in the coherence length, however, was more complex. Following an initial decrease similar to that observed at low fluence, the coherence length then increased to a broad maximum greater than the initial value, before recovery.
The acquisition of verbal passives by Portuguese-speaking children
Authors: Agostinho Celina , Gavarró Anna 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Previous cross-linguistic research showed that verbal passives are delayed in child grammar. Moreover, Maratsos et al. (1985) found that actional passives elicit more adult-like results than non-actional passives in child English. Hirsch & Wexler (2006) proposed that the adult-like results children achieved with actional passives are due to a resultative adjectival passive analysis, unavailable for non-actional verbs. Alternatively, Snyder & Hyams (2015) proposed that this delay is due to the need of semantic coercion to passivize non-actional verbs. Here we present an experiment testing children’s comprehension of short and long passives of actional and perception verbs in European Portuguese, a language with different auxiliaries for adjectival and verbal passives. The results replicate previous findings for English, despite the difference in auxiliary.
The interpretation of null subjects in Romanian
Authors: Frascarelli Mara 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter explores the ‘acceptability’ and ‘interpretation’ of referential null subjects in Romanian in different syntactic conditions and distinct clause types (matrix clauses, embedded under bridge verbs, embedded under factive verbs and adverbial clauses). Based on the results of an original online survey (carried out by almost 80 respondents), it is shown that Romanian is a consistent pro-drop language, in which no partial pro-drop properties can be found. Furthermore, the results emerged from the analysis provide significant support to the validity of an information-structure approach to the interpretation of null subjects, in which the Topic Criterion (Frascarelli 2007), the formation of Topic chains and the existence of silent Topics play a crucial role.
The effects of language ecology on syntactic structure
Authors: Laub Robert W. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Kristang and Makista are two related Portuguese-lexified creoles of southeast Asia. While they are generally mutually intelligible, there are differences between them. A look at the contact languages found in Malacca and Macau can give us ideas as to where these differences come from. Building on Ansaldo’s notion of language ecology, this study will look at the histories of Kristang and Makista, and the features that exhibit these differences. These histories will be taken into account when looking at the differences, and evidence suggesting the connection between language ecology and morphosyntactic structures will be presented. The two features discussed are genitive patterns, and cleft constructions.
Syntactic vs pragmatic passive
Authors: Vasilescu Andra 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This chapter discusses the relationship between the two passive constructions in Romanian (se-passive and be-passive) in a twofold comparison: old Romanian vs present-day Romanian, and standard vs substandard present-day Romanian. Stipulating the distinction ‘syntactic passive’ vs ‘pragmatic passive’, I argue that the evolution of the two competing structures illustrates a typical case of convergence and I invoke the situation in present-day subdialectal Romanian as an additional proof. In old Romanian, se-structures functioned as syntactic passives under the Slav(on)ic influence, while be-structures had a temporal or copular meaning, pragmatically implying the passive meaning. In present-day standard Romanian, be-structures are grammaticalized for the passive meaning following the influence of Western Romance languages, while se-structures have acquired an impersonal-presentative meaning, continuing to pragmatically imply the passive meaning. The situation in present-day dialectal spoken varieties, more conservative compared to standard Romanian, reflects the grammaticalization/degrammaticalization processes that affected the evolution of the two structures: while se-structures followed the long-term evolution in standard Romanian and lost their grammaticalized passive function acquiring an impersonal-presentative meaning, the more recent grammaticalization process of be-structures as passives has not fully extended to subdialectal varieties. Hence, active constructions are the preferred option across subdialects, which currently lack a grammaticalized passive construction, as the passive meaning is pragmatically implied both by se-structures and be-structures.
Term distance, frequency and collocations
Authors: Johnsen Lars G. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this paper I study two co-occurrence measures, local to a particular corpus, for constructing collocations or relevance relations between words or terms. One is a distance measure, while the other uses different co-occurrence windows, one contained in the other. Both are discussed with respect to the common method of comparing co-occurrence measures within a particular corpus to those of a reference corpus. A practical consequence of these measures is that they may relieve the burden of computing a reference statistic, which may incur a high computational cost. We also believe that distance, as a measure in itself, has a theoretical interest. Being different from frequency, it may add something new to collocation analysis.
Grammar efficiency and the One-Meaning–One-Form Principle
Authors: Vulanovic Relja 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The more a linguistic system departs from the One-Meaning–One-Form Principle, the less efficient it is. This notion is used to simplify the previous approach to the evaluation of grammar efficiency. The recently proposed measure of the departure from the Principle is revisited and its simplified version is included in the formula for grammar efficiency. The new and the old grammar-efficiency formulas are compared when applied to parts-of-speech systems as defined by Hengeveld. It is shown that the number of calculations is considerably reduced in the new formula, while the results obtained by the two approaches correlate well.
From distinguishability to informativity
Authors: Konca Maxim , Mehler Alexander , Baumartz Daniel , Hemati Wahed 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We present a study of the distinctiveness of random and non-random texts based on text characteristics of quantitative linguistics. We additionally experiment with text features that evaluate contiguity associations among sentences by means of BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers). To this end, we experiment with generative models for random texts as currently discussed in the context of neural networks. The chapter contributes to the clarification of deficits of existing random text models and of the informativeness of quantitative text features.
Phonological properties as predictors of text success
Authors: Milička Jiří , Růžičková Alžběta Houzar 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
In this study, the relation of phoneme structure and success rate of Czech texts is investigated. The study is based upon two phenomena: (1) the beauty-in-averageness effect and (2) the euphony principle. The main objective is to examine whether one or the other prevails in the perception of written text, whether they interact in some way, or whether the phoneme structure has no major effect on the text’s appeal to the readers. Several phoneme groups, both vowel and consonant, are focused on.