bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bilingual experience and intrinsic functional connectivity in adults, aging, and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jafari Zahra , Perani Daniela , Kolb Bryan E. , Mohajerani Majid H. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe past decade marked the beginning of the use of resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) imaging in bilingualism studies. This paper intends to review the latest evidence of changes in RSFC in language and cognitive control networks in bilinguals during adulthood, aging, and early Alzheimer's disease, which can add to our understanding of brain functional reshaping in the context of second language (L2) acquisition. Because of high variability in bilingual experience, recent studies mostly focus on the role of the main aspects of bilingual experience (age of acquisition (AoA), language proficiency, and language usage) on intrinsic functional connectivity (FC). Existing evidence accounts for stronger FC in simultaneous rather than sequential bilinguals in language and control networks, and the modulation of the AoA impact by language proficiency and usage. Studies on older bilingual adults show stronger FC in language and frontoparietal networks and preserved FC in posterior brain regions, which can protect the brain against cognitive decline and neurodegenerative processes. Altered RSFC in language and control networks subsequent to L2 training programs also is associated with improved global cognition in older adults. This review ends with a brief discussion of potential confounding factors in bilingualism research and conclusions and suggestions for future research.
Alessandro Baricco: The Diction of Imagism
Authors: Castelli Alberto 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe pleasure of a fictional text can be provided by the plot, the characters, and the suspense resulting from their interrelation. In the case of Alessandro Baricco, Italian writer and essayist, the pleasure of reading is given by sounds and images. With the use of unique stylistic elements made of short and nominal sentences, silences, and pauses, Baricco’s prose becomes segmented and fragmentary. By binding the motif of his narrative to vague images rather than detailed descriptions, Baricco is shifting the modernist poetics of Imagism to postmodern fiction.
Population analysis of organizational innovation and learning
Authors: Hartley Jean 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis article argues for a population level of analysis, addressing a theoretical and empirical gap and enabling the analysis of transition, tempo, and timing at the macro level. The article examines four theories of population‐level innovation: population ecology, neo‐institutional theory, innovation diffusion, and population‐level learning theory. A population‐level empirical study of innovation and organizational learning addresses three research questions: the first and second examine patterns of innovation underpinned by learning over space and over time. The third concerns the processes and dynamics of those patterns. The data derive from the local government using mixed methods and multiple respondents over 9 years. The research shows the uneven spread of learning across the population, with the emergence of two subpopulations. Over time, innovation and learning strategies shifted. Learning in the population occurred through both direct interaction and vicarious learning from others in the population. Implications for population‐level theory, innovation, and learning are explored.
Response to steroid and immunosuppressive therapies may predict post‐transplant recurrence of steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Miura Kenichiro , Ando Taro , Kanda Shoichiro , Hashimoto Taeko , Kaneko Naoto , Ishizuka Kiyonobu , Hamada Riku , Hataya Hiroshi , Hotta Kiyohiko , Gotoh Yoshimitsu , Nishiyama Kei , Hamasaki Yuko , Shishido Seiichiro , Fujita Naoya , Hattori Motoshi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundRecurrence of SRNS is a major challenge in KT. Several clinical factors, including initial steroid sensitivity, have been associated with increased post‐transplant SRNS recurrence risk. However, conflicting data have been reported, possibly due to the heterogeneous pathophysiology of SRNS and the lack of genetic testing of SRNS patients. Furthermore, the response to immunosuppressive therapies has not been evaluated.MethodsSeventy patients aged 1–15 years at SRNS onset who underwent KT between 2002 and 2018 were enrolled. Patients with secondary, familial, syndromic, and genetic forms of SRNS and those who were not treated with steroid were excluded. This study aimed to assess the risk factors for post‐transplant recurrence, including treatment responses to initial steroid therapy and additional therapies with immunosuppressive agents, rituximab, plasmapheresis, and/or LDL‐A.ResultsData from 36 kidney transplant recipients were analyzed. Twenty‐two (61%) patients experienced post‐transplant SRNS recurrence, while 14 patients did not. The proportion of patients who achieved complete or partial remission with initial steroid therapy and/or additional therapies with immunosuppressive agents, rituximab, plasmapheresis, and/or LDL‐A was significantly higher in the SRNS recurrence group (19/22, 86%) than in the group without SRNS recurrence (6/14, 43%; p = .01).ConclusionThis study suggests that the response to steroid treatment, other immunosuppressive agents, rituximab, plasmapheresis, and/or LDL‐A may predict post‐transplant SRNS recurrence.
Theolologicophilolological Investigations: Is Wittgenstein’s Tractatus a Modernist Work?
Authors: Vinten Robert 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn her recent book, A Different Order of Difficulty, Karen Zumhagen‐Yekplé uses a resolute reading of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico‐Philosophicus to highlight similarities between Wittgenstein’s work and his contemporaries Virginia Woolf, James Joyce and Franz Kafka. On the basis of this reading, she claims that Wittgenstein’s early masterpiece is a modernist work.This article argues that there are profound problems with the resolute reading that she offers, and it suggests that ‘traditional’ readings of the Tractatus survive the criticisms she makes of them. Nonetheless, a case can still be made that Wittgenstein’s work is a modernist one, and it is a useful exercise to compare the Tractatus with modernist works from the 1920s.
A new productive framework for point‐based matching of oblique aircraft and UAV‐based images
Authors: Bas Sıla , Ok Ali Ozgun 
Published: July 2021

AbstractA novel productive framework for point‐based feature matching of oblique aircraft and UAV imagery is presented. The proposed framework makes use of the powerful AKAZE descriptor for feature extraction and an iterative scheme is developed to construct as many tentative matches as possible. During the iterations, cross checks, together with Lowe’s nearest‐next distance ratio test, are used to filter erroneous matches. In order to extract putative matches from the tentative matches, three robust approaches, including graph‐cut RANSAC, are evaluated along with the epipolar constraint enforced between the two datasets. The developed framework was validated using the ISPRS image orientation benchmark dataset and yielded successful results in terms of matching precision, even for some difficult cases. The results also outperformed the results of previously developed approaches in the same context.
A Comprehensive Application of Kingdon's Multiple Streams Framework: An Analysis of the Obama Administration's No Child Left Behind Waiver Policy
Authors: Angervil Gilvert 
Published: July 2021

Kingdon's multiple streams framework (MSF) is very influential, but problems exist with its application. Most applications neither fully use the MSF's problem stream, policy stream, politics stream, policy entrepreneur, and policy window concepts nor all their subcomponents. These trends indicate a lack of shared language and understanding of the policy process necessary for the MSF's theoretical development. Most applications employing the concepts identify subcomponents but disregard their operationalizations. Moreover, research overwhelmingly cites Kingdon's 1984 publication while neglecting studies contributing to new MSF understandings. Using the Obama administration's No Child Left Behind waiver policy, this article applies the MSF concentrating on its contemporary understandings, the focus concepts, and the concepts' subcomponents while operationalizing them. This allows an enhanced analysis and MSF's policy process understanding, identifies the MSF's strengths and weaknesses, notes nuances, offers new insights, and recommends future research.Related ArticlesDavid, Charles‐Philippe. 2015. “Policy Entrepreneurs and the Reorientation of National Security Policy under the G. W. Bush Administration (2001‐04).” Politics & Policy 43 (1): 163‐195. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12106Rawat, Pragati, and John Charles Morris. 2016. “Kingdon's ‘Streams’ Model at Thirty: Still Relevant in the 21st Century?” Politics & Policy 44 (4): 608‐638. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12168Tanaka, Yugo, Andrew Chapman, Tetsuo Tezuka, and Shigeki Sakurai. 2020. “Multiple Streams and Power Sector Policy Change: Evidence from the Feed‐In Tariff Policy Process in Japan.” Politics & Policy 48 (3): 464‐489. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12357
The effect of drying on undervalued brown and red seaweed species: Bioactivity alterations
Authors: Julião Diana R. , Afonso Cláudia , Gomes‐Bispo Ana , Bandarra Narcisa M. , Cardoso Carlos 
Published: July 2021

SUMMARYThe effect of drying on two brown seaweed (Treptacantha abies‐marina and Cystoseira humilis) and two red seaweed species (Asparagopsis armata and Asparagopsis taxiformis) was evaluated based on the levels of biological activity, such as antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. Moreover, the contents of some significant compound classes, such as polyphenols and beta‐glucans, were determined. Seaweeds C. humilis and T. abies‐marina showed high polyphenol levels (1.76–6.78 mg gallic acid equivalents g−1 dw), which clearly exceeded those determined in the Asparagopsis genus regardless of drying process. This was partially reflected in the antioxidant activity as measured by DPPH and FRAP methods, which showed that extracts from C. humilis and T. abies‐marina in most cases had stronger antioxidant activity than those from Asparagopsis species. The influence of the drying technique upon the antioxidant activity was relatively limited, since in many instances there was no effect. Concerning anti‐inflammatory activity, in the case of shade‐dried samples, C. humilis had a higher activity (>30% COX‐2 inhibition) than A. armata. However, this activity in C. humilis was not rendered available in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Indeed, only A. taxiformis displayed anti‐inflammatory activity in the fraction available in the upper GI tract, showing an upper GI tract availability in the 90–100% range. Therefore, though bioactivity levels were higher in C. humilis and T. abies‐marina, Asparagopsis species also had substantial levels of bioactive compound. Sun‐drying produced more negative effects than shade‐drying, but these effects were not very extensive.
Effort beats effectiveness in emotion regulation choice: Differences between suppression and distancing in subjective and physiological measures
Authors: Scheffel Christoph , Graupner Sven‐Thomas , Gärtner Anne , Zerna Josephine , Strobel Alexander , Dörfel Denise 
Published: July 2021

AbstractEmotion regulation (ER) can be implemented by different strategies which differ in their capacity to alter emotional responding. What all strategies have in common is that cognitive control must be exercised in order to implement them. The aim of the present preregistered study was to investigate whether the two ER strategies, expressive suppression and distancing, require different amounts of cognitive effort and whether effort is associated with personality traits. Effort was assessed subjectively via ratings and objectively via pupillometry and heart period. In two studies, N = 110 and N = 52 healthy adults conducted an ER paradigm. Participants used suppression and distancing during inspection of positive and negative pictures. They also had the choice to reapply either of the strategies at the end of the paradigm. Although distancing was more effective in downregulation of subjective arousal (Study 1: p < .001, = .20; Study 2: p < .001, = .207), about two thirds reapplied suppression, because it was perceived as less effortful. Effort was rated significantly lower for suppression compared to distancing (Study 1: p = .042, = .04; Study 2: p = .002, = .13). However, differences in effort were not reflected in pupillary data or heart period. Broad and narrow personality traits were neither associated with the preferred strategy nor with subjective or physiological effort measures. Findings suggest that people tend to use the ER strategy that is perceived as less effortful, even though it might not be the most effective strategy.
Single‐cell Raman trapping analysis revealed immunometabolism changes in peritoneal fluid in endometriosis
Authors: Deng Chunyan , Zhang Lin , Yosef Hesham K. , Yang Yi , Jiang Jinxing , Yu Lina , Li Ning , Schütze Karin , Zheng Min , Ma Liguo , Qi Hui , Ren Lili 
Published: July 2021

AbstractIn endometriosis, an aberrant immune response in the peritoneal environment is evident, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In recent years, some emerging data support an important role for the changes in intracellular metabolic pathways of immune cells in controlling their function. In this study, we aim to investigate the phenotypic and immunometabolism profiling of peritoneal fluid cells in endometriosis patients. By flow cytometry, our results show phenotypic profiling of peritoneal fluid cells with higher percentages of CD45+, CD3+, CD3+CD8+, CD3+CD56+, and CD14+CD68+ cells and the ratio of M2 to M1 macrophages but less CD14−CD86+ dendritic cells in endometriosis when compared with control. Label‐free single‐cell Raman trapping analysis shows intracellular changes in decreased collagen, proteins and lipids levels in CD45+ immune cells in endometriosis. In the supernatant of peritoneal fluid from endometriosis patients, Raman results reveal extracellular decreased protein and carbohydrate levels but increased lipid and fatty acid levels. Especially, Raman bands indicate both intracellular and extracellular levels of cholesterol and carotenoids decrease in endometriosis patients when compared with controls. This study provides immunometabolism features of the specific microenvironment in the peritoneal cavity and identifies some biological molecules associated with immune dysfunction in endometriosis, which may offer new clues for understanding disease pathology and therapeutic targets.
Social goals and bullying: Examining the moderating role of self‐perceived popularity, social status insecurity and classroom variability in popularity
Authors: Košir Katja , Zorjan Saša , Mikl Anja , Horvat Marina 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe positive relationship between popularity goals and bullying in early adolescence is documented in many studies. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between student social goals of two types (popularity and social preference) and bullying in a diverse sample of early and middle adolescents. Additionally, we aimed to investigate both individual (self‐perceived popularity and social status insecurity) and classroom‐level (the classroom variability in self‐perceived popularity) moderators of the relationship between popularity goals and bullying. A total of 2039 students (59.48% girls; mean age 15.48 years) nested within 106 classrooms participated in the study. Using a cross‐sectional research design, we found that popularity goals were a positive predictor of bullying, while social preference goals were a negative predictor. Self‐perceived popularity and social status insecurity were found to moderate the relationship between popularity goals and bullying; higher levels of bullying were reported by students with high popularity goals and high self‐perceived popularity or high social status insecurity. In addition, popularity goals were a stronger predictor of bullying for students in classrooms with higher classroom variability in self‐perceived popularity.
Phylogenomic analyses clarify the pattern of evolution of Adephaga (Coleoptera) and highlight phylogenetic artefacts due to model misspecification and excessive data trimming
Authors: Vasilikopoulos Alexandros , Balke Michael , Kukowka Sandra , Pflug James M. , Martin Sebastian , Meusemann Karen , Hendrich Lars , Mayer Christoph , Maddison David R. , Niehuis Oliver , Beutel Rolf G. , Misof Bernhard 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAdephaga is the second largest suborder of Coleoptera and contains aquatic and terrestrial groups that are sometimes classified as Hydradephaga and Geadephaga, respectively. The phylogenetic relationships of Adephaga have been studied intensively, but the relationships of the major subgroups of Geadephaga and the placement of Hygrobiidae within Dytiscoidea remain obscure. Here, we infer new DNA‐hybridization baits for exon‐capture phylogenomics and we combine new hybrid‐capture sequence data with transcriptomes to generate the largest phylogenomic taxon sampling within Adephaga presented to date. Our analyses show that the new baits are suitable to capture the target loci across different lineages of Adephaga. Phylogenetic analyses of moderately trimmed supermatrices confirm the hypothesis of paraphyletic ‘Hydradephaga’, with Gyrinidae placed as sister to all other families as in morphology‐based phylogenies, even though quartet‐concordance analyses did not support this result. All analyses conducted with site‐heterogeneous models suggest Trachypachidae as sister to a clade Carabidae + Cicindelidae in congruence with results from morphological studies. Haliplidae is inferred as sister to Dytiscoidea, while a clade of Noteridae (+ most likely Meruidae) is inferred as sister to all remaining Dytiscoidea. A strongly supported clade Hygrobiidae + (Amphizoidae + monophyletic Aspidytidae) is inferred in most analyses of moderately trimmed supermatrices when a site‐heterogeneous model is used. In general, we find that stringent trimming of supermatrices results in reduced deviation from model assumptions but also in reduction of phylogenetic information. We also find that site‐heterogeneous C60 models provide greater stability of phylogenetic relationships of Adephaga across analyses of different amino‐acid supermatrices than site‐homogeneous models. Thus, site‐heterogeneous C60 models can potentially reduce incongruence in phylogenomics. Lastly, we show that gene‐tree errors are prominent in the data, even after sub‐sampling genes to reduce these errors, but we also show that subsampling genes based on the likelihood mapping criterion in summary coalescent analyses results in higher topological congruence with the concatenation‐based tree. Overall, our analyses demonstrate that moderate alignment trimming strategies, application of site‐heterogeneous models and mitigation of gene‐tree errors should be routinely included in the phylogenomic pipeline in order to more accurately infer the phylogeny of species.
Pattern of abnormalities amongst chest X‐rays of adults undergoing computer‐assisted digital chest X‐ray screening for tuberculosis in Peri‐Urban Blantyre, Malawi: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Twabi Hussein H. , Semphere Robina , Mukoka Madalo , Chiume Lingstone , Nzawa Rebecca , Feasey Helena R. A. , Lipenga Trancizeo , MacPherson Peter , Corbett Elizabeth L. , Nliwasa Marriott 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of diseases other than tuberculosis (TB) detected during chest X‐ray screening is poorly described in sub‐Saharan Africa. Computer‐assisted digital chest X‐ray technology is available for TB screening and has the potential to be a screening tool for non‐communicable diseases as well. Low‐ and middle‐income countries are in a transition period where the burden of non‐communicable diseases is increasing, but health systems are mainly focused on addressing infectious diseases.MethodsParticipants were adults undergoing computer‐assisted chest X‐ray screening for tuberculosis in a community‐wide tuberculosis prevalence survey in Blantyre, Malawi. Adults with abnormal radiographs by field radiographer interpretation were evaluated by a physician in a community‐based clinic. X‐ray classifications were compared to classifications of a random sample of normal chest X‐rays by radiographer interpretation. Radiographic features were classified using WHO Integrated Management for Adult Illnesses (IMAI) guidelines. All radiographs taken at the screening tent were analysed by the Qure.ai qXR v2.0 software.Results5% (648/13,490) of adults who underwent chest radiography were identified to have an abnormal chest X‐ray by the radiographer. 387 (59.7%) of the participants attended the X‐ray clinic, and another 387 randomly sampled normal X‐rays were available for comparison. Participants who were referred to the community clinic had a significantly higher HIV prevalence than those who had been identified to have a normal CXR by the field radiographer (90 [23.3%] vs. 43 [11.1%] p‐value < 0.001). The commonest radiographic finding was cardiomegaly (20.7%, 95% CI 18.0–23.7). One in five (81/387) chest X‐rays were misclassified by the radiographer. The overall mean Qure.ai qXR v2.0 score for all reviewed X‐rays was 0.23 (SD 0.20). There was a high concordance of cardiomegaly classification between the physician and the computer‐assisted software (109/118, 92.4%).ConclusionThere is a high burden of cardiomegaly on a chest X‐ray at a community level, much of which is in patients with diabetes, heart disease and high blood pressure. Cardiomegaly on chest X‐ray may be a potential tool for screening for cardiovascular NCDs at the primary care level as well as in the community.
Arabidopsis WRKY71 regulates ethylene‐mediated leaf senescence by directly activating EIN2, ORE1 and ACS2 genes
Authors: Yu Yanchong , Qi Yanan , Xu Jinpeng , Dai Xuehuan , Chen Jiacai , Dong Chun‐Hai , Xiang Fengning 
Published: July 2021

SummaryLeaf senescence is a pivotal step in the last stage of the plant life cycle and is influenced by various external and endogenous cues. A series of reports have indicated the involvement of the WRKY transcription factors in regulating leaf senescence, but the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways remain largely unclear. Here we provide evidence demonstrating that WRKY71 acts as a positive regulator of leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. WRKY71‐1D, an overexpressor of WRKY71, exhibited early leaf senescence, while wrky71‐1, the WRKY71 loss‐of‐function mutant, displayed delayed leaf senescence. Accordingly, a set of senescence‐associated genes (SAGs) were substantially elevated in WRKY71‐1D but markedly decreased in wrky71‐1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that WRKY71 can bind directly to the promoters of SAG13 and SAG201. Transcriptome analysis suggested that WRKY71 might mediate multiple cues to accelerate leaf senescence, such as abiotic stresses, dark and ethylene. WRKY71 was ethylene inducible, and treatment with the ethylene precursor 1‐amino‐cyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid enhanced leaf senescence in WRKY71‐1D but caused only a marginal delay in leaf senescence in wrky71‐1. In vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that WRKY71 can directly regulate ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2) and ORESARA1 (ORE1), genes of the ethylene signaling pathway. Consistently, leaf senescence of WRKY71‐1D was obviously retarded in the ein2‐5 and nac2‐1 mutants. Moreover, WRKY71 was also proved to interact with ACS2 in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with AgNO3 and aminoethoxyvinylglycine and acs2‐1 could greatly arrest the leaf senescence of WRKY71‐1D. In conclusion, our data revealed that WRKY71 mediates ethylene signaling and synthesis to hasten leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.