bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hearing dogs for people with severe and profound hearing loss: a wait-list design randomised controlled trial investigating their effectiveness and cost-effectiveness
Authors: Stuttard Lucy , Boyle Philip , Fairhurst Caroline , Hewitt Catherine , Longo Francesco , Walker Simon , Weatherly Helen , Mayhew Emese , Beresford Bryony 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Hearing loss increases the risk of poor outcomes across a range of life domains. Where hearing loss is severe or profound, audiological interventions and rehabilitation have limited impact. Hearing dogs offer an alternative, or additional, intervention. They live permanently with recipients, providing sound support and companionship.

Methods
A single-centre, randomised controlled trial (RCT) evaluated the impacts of a hearing dog on mental well-being, anxiety, depression, problems associated with hearing loss (responding to sounds, fearfulness/social isolation), and perceived dependency on others. Participants were applicants to the UK charity ‘Hearing Dogs for Deaf People’. Eligibility criteria were as follows: first-time applicant; applying for a hearing dog (as opposed to other support provided by the charity). Participants were randomised 1:1 to the following: receive a hearing dog sooner than usual [HD], or within the usual application timeframe (wait-list [WL] comparator). The primary outcome was mental well-being (Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale) 6 months (T1) after HD received a hearing dog. The cost-effectiveness analysis took a health and social care perspective.

Results
In total, 165 participants were randomised (HD n = 83, WL n = 82). A total of 112 (67.9%) were included in the primary analysis (HD n = 55, WL n = 57). At T1, mental well-being was significantly higher in the HD arm (adjusted mean difference 2.53, 95% CI 1.27 to 3.79, p < 0.001). Significant improvements in anxiety, depression, functioning, fearfulness/social isolation, and perceived dependency, favouring the HD arm, were also observed. On average, HD participants had used fewer statutory health and social care resources. In a scenario whereby costs of provision were borne by the public sector, hearing dogs do not appear to be value for money. If the public sector made a partial contribution, it is possible that hearing dogs would be cost-effective from a public sector perspective.

Conclusions
Hearing dogs appear to benefit recipients across a number of life domains, at least in the short term. Within the current funding model (costs entirely borne by the charity), hearing dogs are cost-effective from the public sector perspective. Whilst it would not be cost-effective to fully fund the provision of hearing dogs by the public sector, a partial contribution could be explored.

Trial registration
The trial was retrospectively registered with the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) registry on 28.1.2019: ISRCTN36452009.
Hookworm infection in central China: morphological and molecular diagnosis
Authors: Xu Fang Fang , Niu Yu Fei , Chen Wen Qing , Liu Sha Sha , Li Jing Ru , Jiang Peng , Wang Zhong Quan , Cui Jing , Zhang Xi 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
Necator americanus is one of the major etiological agents of human ancylostomiasis. Historically, the epidemiology of ancylostomiasis in Henan Province of central China and the molecular characteristics of N. americanus have been poorly understood.

Methods
In this study, we report a case of ancylostomiasis in Zhengzhou city of Henan Province. We also review the epidemiology of ancylostomiasis in Henan Province from 1949 to 2020. In addition, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of one clinical isolate is fully characterized using Illumina sequencing. All available mt genomes of hookworms in GenBank were included to reconstruct the phylogeny using both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods.

Results
A total of three worms were collected from the patient. These worms were identified as N. americanus based on morphological characteristics as well as confirmed by genotyping with the barcoding gene cox1. Although ancylostomiasis cases have dropped substantially in recent years, hookworm infection is still a public health problem in underdeveloped areas and remote rural areas in Henan Province. The mt genome features of the N. americanus contained 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a major non-coding region. The nad1 gene showed high sequence variability among isolates, which is worth considering for future genetic studies of N. americanus. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of hookworm isolates from different hosts and distinct geographical locations.

Conclusions
The mt genome of N. americanus presented here will serve as a useful data set for studying population genetics and phylogenetic relationships of hookworms. Positive measures for preventing and controlling ancylostomiasis are required by both health services and individuals in Henan Province.

Graphical abstract
Mycoplasma bovis subverts autophagy to promote intracellular replication in bovine mammary epithelial cells cultured in vitro
Authors: Liu Yang , Deng Zhaoju , Xu Siyu , Liu Gang , Lin Yushan , Khan Sohrab , Gao Jian , Qu Weijie , Kastelic John P. , Han Bo 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMycoplasma species are the smallest prokaryotes capable of self-replication. To investigate Mycoplasma induced autophagy in mammalian cells, Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) and bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMEC) were used in an in vitro infection model. Initially, intracellular M. bovis was enclosed within a membrane-like structure in bMEC, as viewed with transmission electron microscopy. In infected bMEC, increased LC3II was verified by Western blotting, RT-PCR and laser confocal microscopy, confirming autophagy at 1, 3 and 6 h post-infection (hpi), with a peak at 6 hpi. However, the M. bovis-induced autophagy flux was subsequently blocked. P62 degradation in infected bMEC was inhibited at 3, 6, 12 and 24 hpi, based on Western blotting and RT-PCR. Beclin1 expression decreased at 12 and 24 hpi. Furthermore, autophagosome maturation was subverted by M. bovis. Autophagosome acidification was inhibited by M. bovis infection, based on detection of mCherry-GFP-LC3 labeled autophagosomes; the decreases in protein levels of Lamp-2a indicate that the lysosomes were impaired by infection. In contrast, activation of autophagy (with rapamycin or HBSS) overcame the M. bovis-induced blockade in phagosome maturation by increasing delivery of M. bovis to the lysosome, with a concurrent decrease in intracellular M. bovis replication. In conclusion, although M. bovis infection induced autophagy in bMEC, the autophagy flux was subsequently impaired by inhibiting autophagosome maturation. Therefore, we conclude that M. bovis subverted autophagy to promote its intracellular replication in bMEC. These findings are the impetus for future studies to further characterize interactions between M. bovis and mammalian host cells.
Influence of 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D Insufficiency on Maximal Aerobic Power in Elite Indoor Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Most Astrid , Dörr Oliver , Nef Holger , Hamm Christian , Bauer Timm , Bauer Pascal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Background
The impact of vitamin D on musculoskeletal health is well-established, although its influence on physical performance is unclear. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate the impact of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH vitamin D) concentrations with maximal aerobic power of professional indoor athletes.

Results
A total of 112 male professional athletes were included in this cross-sectional study, consisting of 88 handball and 24 ice hockey players. The maximal aerobic power was assessed with a standardized cycling ergometer test. Athletes were assigned to two groups according to their 25-OH vitamin D status: insufficient (< 30 ng/mL) and sufficient (≥ 30 ng/mL). Thirty-four players (30.4%) displayed insufficient (21.9 ± 5.9 ng/mL) and 78 (69.6%) sufficient 25-OH vitamin D concentrations (41.6 ± 8.6 ng/mL). Athletes with sufficient levels achieved a higher maximal aerobic power (3.9 ± 0.9 vs. 3.5 ± 0.8 W/kg, p = 0.03) compared to those with insufficient levels.

Conclusions
There is a high prevalence of 25-OH vitamin D insufficiency in professional indoor athletes, even in summer. Insufficient 25-OH vitamin D concentrations were associated with lower maximal aerobic power in male professional indoor athletes. Further, the 25-OH vitamin D concentration was identified as the only independent predictor of maximal aerobic power in these athletes, highlighting the impact of 25-OH vitamin D on physical performance. Therefore, 25-OH vitamin D concentrations of ≥ 30 ng/mL should be maintained to ensure optimal physical performance in these athletes.
Quantum cluster algorithm for data classification
Authors: Li Junxu , Kais Sabre 
Published: October 2021

AbstractWe present a quantum algorithm for data classification based on the nearest-neighbor learning algorithm. The classification algorithm is divided into two steps: Firstly, data in the same class is divided into smaller groups with sublabels assisting building boundaries between data with different labels. Secondly we construct a quantum circuit for classification that contains multi control gates. The algorithm is easy to implement and efficient in predicting the labels of test data. To illustrate the power and efficiency of this approach, we construct the phase transition diagram for the metal-insulator transition of VO2, using limited trained experimental data, where VO2 is a typical strongly correlated electron materials, and the metallic-insulating phase transition has drawn much attention in condensed matter physics. Moreover, we demonstrate our algorithm on the classification of randomly generated data and the classification of entanglement for various Werner states, where the training sets can not be divided by a single curve, instead, more than one curves are required to separate them apart perfectly. Our preliminary result shows considerable potential for various classification problems, particularly for constructing different phases in materials.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nsp14 inhibits NF-κB pathway activation by targeting the IKK complex and p65
Authors: Li Shasha , Yang Fan , Ma Caina , Cao Weijun , Yang Jinping , Zhao Zhenxiang , Tian Hong , Zhu Zixiang , Zheng Haixue 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCoronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of related enveloped RNA viruses that have severe consequences in a wide variety of animals by causing respiratory, enteric or systemic diseases. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an economically important CoV distributed worldwide that causes diarrhea in pigs. nsp14 is a nonstructural protein of PEDV that is involved in regulation of innate immunity and viral replication. However, the function and mechanism by which nsp14 modulates and manipulates host immune responses remain largely unknown. Here, we report that PEDV nsp14 is an NF-κB pathway antagonist. Overexpression PEDV nsp14 protein remarkably decreases SeV-, poly (I:C)- and TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation. Meanwhile, expression of proinflammatory cytokines is suppressed by nsp14. nsp14 inhibits the phosphorylation of IKKs by interacting with IKKs and p65. Furthermore, nsp14 suppresses TNF-α-induced phosphorylation and nuclear import of p65. Overexpression nsp14 considerably increases PEDV replication. These results suggest a novel mechanism employed by PEDV to suppress the host antiviral response, providing insights that can guide the development of antivirals against CoVs.
Access to the Emergency Contraceptive Pill and Women's Reproductive Health: Evidence From Public Reform in Chile
Authors: Clarke Damian , Salinas Viviana 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
We examine the sharp expansion in availability of the emergency contraceptive pill in Chile following legalized access through municipal public health care centers. We study the period 2002–2016 and a broad rollout of the emergency contraceptive pill occurring between 2008 and 2011. By combining a number of administrative data sets on health outcomes and pharmaceutical use, and using event-study and difference-in-differences methods, we document that this expansion improved certain classes of women's reproductive health outcomes, notably reducing rates of abortion-related morbidity. These improvements were greater in areas of the country where the rollout of the emergency contraceptive pill was more extensive. We also document some evidence that refusal to provide the emergency contraceptive pill upon a women's request was linked with a worsening in reproductive health outcomes. These results point to the importance of contraceptive access as a determinant of women's reproductive health and well-being and relates to a growing body of work documenting the importance of women's autonomy as a determinant of health.
Integration of proteomic and genetic approaches to assess developmental muscle atrophy
Authors: Brooks David S. , Vishal Kumar , Bawa Simranjot , Alder Adrienne , Geisbrecht Erika R. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT
Muscle atrophy, or a decline in muscle protein mass, is a significant problem in the aging population and in numerous disease states. Unraveling molecular signals that trigger and promote atrophy may lead to a better understanding of treatment options; however, there is no single cause of atrophy identified to date. To gain insight into this problem, we chose to investigate changes in protein profiles during muscle atrophy in Manduca sexta and Drosophila melanogaster. The use of insect models provides an interesting parallel to probe atrophic mechanisms as these organisms undergo a normal developmental atrophy process during the pupal transition stage. Leveraging the inherent advantages of each model organism, we first defined protein signature changes during M. sexta intersegmental muscle (ISM) atrophy and then used genetic approaches to confirm their functional importance in the D. melanogaster dorsal internal oblique muscles (DIOMs). Our data reveal an upregulation of proteasome and peptidase components and a general downregulation of proteins that regulate actin filament formation. Surprisingly, thick filament proteins that comprise the A-band are increased in abundance, providing support for the ordered destruction of myofibrillar components during developmental atrophy. We also uncovered the actin filament regulator ciboulot (Cib) as a novel regulator of muscle atrophy. These insights provide a framework towards a better understanding of global changes that occur during atrophy and may eventually lead to therapeutic targets.
Direct Observation of Scattering Angle Dependence of the Inelasticity Effect on the Interference Term Obtained from Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction Experiments
Authors: Kameda Yasuo , Tsutsui Kana , Amo Yuko , Usuki Takeshi , Ikeda Kazutaka , Otomo Toshiya 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Scattering angle dependence has been experimentally examined for inelasticity effect on the intramolecular interference term observed from the time-of-flight neutron diffraction method. Internuclear distance and its root-mean-square displacement for liquid pure D2O, C6D6 and CCl4, have been determined from the least squares fitting analysis of the observed total interference term in the high-Q region. Although “apparent shrinkage” in the intramolecular distance has been observed obviously for the light nuclei pair at large scattering angle data (2θ &gt; ca. 70°), it has been revealed that the apparent shrinkage in the D⋯D distance for D2O and C6D6, in which the inelasticity effect is expected to be most significant, is found to be suppressed well within ca. 1% for the data observed for the scattering angle below ca. 2θ &lt; ca. 50°. Structural parameters determined have been compared with those determined from the gas-phase electron diffraction method in order to obtain insight of the effect of intermolecular interaction to molecular geometry in the liquid phase.
Propuesta metodológica para analizar la segregación residencial socioeconómica mediante un indicador sintético (ises) y su aplicación en Bogotá
Authors: Parias Adriana 
Published: October 2021

La segregación residencial socioeconómica urbana es una problemática persistente en las ciuda­des capitalistas. Sin embargo, las aproximaciones teóricas de carácter explicativo del fenómeno son escasas, predominan los enfoques y metodologías descriptivas de carácter sociológico o geográfico. En este trabajo se propone un indicador que busca hacer operativa la teoría de la renta del suelo urbano. De manera específica, el artículo tiene como objetivo determinar el grado de segregación socioeconómica en Bogotá, a partir de la construcción de un indicador que busca hacer operativa la noción de renta de monopolio de segregación (Jaramillo, 2009), tomada como marco explicativo del fenómeno. Se presenta la implementación del Indicador de Segregación Espacial Socioeconómica (ises) propuesto inicialmente por Villanueva (2018) y revisado en esta investigación, el cual permite medir la desigualdad en el acceso al suelo urbano residencial, a partir de la relación de la distribución de población según sus niveles de ingreso, con una gama de localizaciones factible (acceso potencial al suelo) que cada grupo de población puede tener sobre el espacio urbano de la ciudad, dados los precios del suelo (y del espacio construido). El artículo aporta a la comprensión de la segregación residencial socioeconómica y somete a la discusión un dispositivo metodológico original para su medición.
Judgment Aggregation in Creative Production: Evidence from the Movie Industry
Authors: Luo Hong , Macher Jeffrey , Wahlen Michael 
Published: October 2021

We study a novel, low-cost approach to aggregating judgment from a large number of industry experts on ideas that they encounter in their normal course of business. Our context is the movie industry, in which customer appeal is difficult to predict and investment costs are high. The Black List, an annual publication, ranks unproduced scripts based on anonymous nominations from film executives. This approach entails an inherent trade-off: Low participation costs enable high response rates, but nominations lack standard criteria, and which voters see which ideas is unobservable and influenced by various factors. Despite these challenges, we find that such aggregation is predictive: Listed scripts are substantially more likely to be released than observably similar, but unlisted, scripts, and, conditional on release and investment levels, listed scripts generate higher box-office revenues. We also find that this method mitigates entry barriers for less-experienced writers, as (i) their scripts are more likely to be listed than those by experienced writers and to rank higher if listed and (ii) within scripts by less-experienced writers, being listed is associated with a higher release rate. Yet, the gap in release probabilities relative to experienced writers remains large, even for top-ranked scripts. These results can be explained by the premise that scripts from less-experienced writers are more visible among eligible voters than scripts from experienced writers. This highlights idea visibility as an important determinant of votes and surfaces the trade-offs, as well as potential limitations, associated with such methods. This paper was accepted by Ashish Arora, entrepreneurship and innovation.
A empatia freireana na alfabetização popular: concepções da cibercultura em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Nascimento Laurinaldo Félix , Wunsch Luana Priscila , Fernandes Maria Aparecida , Leal Maria Batista 
Published: October 2021

A Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) foi a base do trabalho do educador Paulo Freire. Na sua luta política e social, a alfabetização nas comunidades populares seria uma porta de saída para a tomada de consciência crítica da realidade. Na Educação a conceituação de empatia como uma relação importante entre o professor e o aluno para o processo afetivo-educacional. Paulo Freire, Carl Rogers, Lev Vigostki e António Nóvoa já utilizaram o conceito de empatia no processo de resposta afetiva ou cognitiva entre professor e aluno. Freire afirmava que a empatia no contexto da sala de aula ocorre quando o professor “pegar os olhos dos alunos emprestados” para que ele possa perceber de fato a realidade com que está interagindo. Quando se identifica a realidade do outro, percebe-se de perto os problemas e circunstâncias vividas sobretudo em ambientes de necessidade e privações, quando o outro percebe que nossa realidade é entendida fica mais aberto a ser acolhido por um estranho ou no caso um professor que vem trazer o conhecimento, esta é a empatia de Freire. A partir do ano de 2020, diante do contexto da pandemia do COVID-19, a empatia torna-se um processo coletivo de reprimir o isolamento social e proporciona conforto aos segmentos impactados pelo contexto pandêmico, para lograr êxito a cibercultura atuou como um fio condutor no processo pedagógico. Assim no presente trabalho é importante pesquisar a similitude da educação com a empatia libertadora de Paulo Freire em face da educação e cibercultura.
Experiences of surgical nurses in providing end-of-life care in an acute care setting: a qualitative study
Authors: Limbu Teju , Taylor Paul M 
Published: October 2021

Background: The number of deaths occurring in hospitals is rising, and many occur in settings other than specialist palliative care, oncology or critical care. Nurses working outside these specialist environments report end-of-life (EoL) care as a source of stress. This research aimed to explore these experiences. Aims and methods: This qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews as a research technique, aimed to investigate the experiences of surgical nurses caring for dying patients. Results: Five themes emerged: understanding of and preference for EoL care; perceived barriers while providing EoL care; robust support from the team as a facilitator while providing EoL care; symptom management; future training and support. Conclusion: Participants considered providing EoL care as part of their professional role and reported that they were able to provide appropriate physical care. Participants identified challenges in providing emotional and psychological support to dying patients and their families in an acute surgical setting.
A High-Stakes Approach to Response Time Effort in Low-Stakes Assessment
Authors: Dibek Munevver Ilgun 
Published: October 2021

<p style="text-align: justify;">Response times are one of the important sources that provide information about the performance of individuals during a test process. The main purpose of this study is to show that survival models can be used in educational data. Accordingly, data sets of items measuring literacy, numeracy and problem-solving skills of the countries participating in Round 3 of the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies were used. Accelerated failure time models have been analyzed for each country and domain. As a result of the analysis of the models in which various covariates are included as independent variables, and response time for giving correct answers is included as a dependent variable, it was found the associations between the covariates and response time for giving correct answers were concluded to vary from one domain to another or from one country to another. The results obtained from the present study have provided the educational stakeholders and practitioners with valuable information.</p>