bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Qualitative speed-accuracy tradeoff effects can be explained by a diffusion/fast-guess mixture model
Authors: Ratcliff Roger , Kang Inhan 
Published: July 2021

AbstractRafiei and Rahnev (2021) presented an analysis of an experiment in which they manipulated speed-accuracy stress and stimulus contrast in an orientation discrimination task. They argued that the standard diffusion model could not account for the patterns of data their experiment produced. However, their experiment encouraged and produced fast guesses in the higher speed-stress conditions. These fast guesses are responses with chance accuracy and response times (RTs) less than 300 ms. We developed a simple mixture model in which fast guesses were represented by a simple normal distribution with fixed mean and standard deviation and other responses by the standard diffusion process. The model fit the whole pattern of accuracy and RTs as a function of speed/accuracy stress and stimulus contrast, including the sometimes bimodal shapes of RT distributions. In the model, speed-accuracy stress affected some model parameters while stimulus contrast affected a different one showing selective influence. Rafiei and Rahnev’s failure to fit the diffusion model was the result of driving subjects to fast guess in their experiment.
Deep radiomics-based survival prediction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Yun Jihye , Cho Young Hoon , Lee Sang Min , Hwang Jeongeun , Lee Jae Seung , Oh Yeon-Mok , Lee Sang-Do , Loh Li-Cher , Ong Choo-Khoon , Seo Joon Beom , Kim Namkug 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHeterogeneous clinical manifestations and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affect patient health risk assessment, stratification, and management. Pulmonary function tests are used to diagnose and classify the severity of COPD, but they cannot fully represent the type or range of pathophysiologic abnormalities of the disease. To evaluate whether deep radiomics from chest computed tomography (CT) images can predict mortality in patients with COPD, we designed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model for extracting representative features from CT images and then performed random survival forest to predict survival in COPD patients. We trained CNN-based binary classifier based on six-minute walk distance results (> 440 m or not) and extracted high-throughput image features (i.e., deep radiomics) directly from the last fully connected layer of it. The various sizes of fully connected layers and combinations of deep features were experimented using a discovery cohort with 344 patients from the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease cohort and an external validation cohort with 102 patients from Penang General Hospital in Malaysia. In the integrative analysis of discovery and external validation cohorts, with combining 256 deep features from the coronal slice of the vertebral body and two sagittal slices of the left/right lung, deep radiomics for survival prediction achieved concordance indices of 0.8008 (95% CI, 0.7642–0.8373) and 0.7156 (95% CI, 0.7024–0.7288), respectively. Deep radiomics from CT images could be used to predict mortality in COPD patients.
Taiwan’s ecological footprint and overshoot day
Authors: Lee Yung-Jaan , Chai Lei , Wu Po-Shu 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study examines Taiwan’s ecological footprint (EF) and its Overshoot Day from 2000 to 2018. The latest EF calculation method is used to determine the conversion rates and equivalent factors of bioproductive lands in each year to establish a database of Taiwan’s EF in that period. The results reveal that Taiwan’s EF was 7.69 gha/person in 2000, dropping steadily to 6.46 gha/person in 2018. Taiwan’s carbon footprint accounted for about 61% of Taiwan’s total EF, slightly higher than the world average (60%). The carbon footprint as a proportion of the total EF has been increasing annually. This study adopts social communication tools, such as the overshoot day and the earth clock, to promote sustainable development goals and climate change policy initiatives. Global Footprint Network (GFN) updates the overshoot day of each country in its database yearly, based on each country’s EF and biocapacity. Since Taiwan is not included in GFN, this study adopts the same method and finds out that Taiwan's Overshoot Day in 2018 was March 14th, meaning that on March 14th, 2018, Taiwan exhausted all of the biological resources that its bioproductive lands can regenerate in the year. If the global population lived like Taiwanese, four Earths would be required to provide the resources used. This result not only reflects the consumption of natural resources in Taiwan, but also indicates that Taiwan should focus on sustainable development and reduce that consumption.
Role and effectiveness of complex and supervised rehabilitation on overall and hand function in systemic sclerosis patients—one-year follow-up study
Authors: Waszczykowski Michał , Dziankowska-Bartkowiak Bożena , Podgórski Michał , Fabiś Jarosław , Waszczykowska Arleta 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the long-term results of complex and supervised rehabilitation of the hands in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. Fifty-one patients were enrolled in this study: 27 patients (study group) were treated with a 4-week complex, supervised rehabilitation protocol. The control group of 24 patients was prescribed a home exercise program alone. Both groups were evaluated at baseline and after 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-months of follow-up with the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DAHS) as the primary outcome, pain (VAS—visual analog scale), Cochin Hand Function Scale (CHFS), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI), Scleroderma-HAQ (SHAQ), range of motion (d-FTP—delta finger to palm, Kapandji finger opposition test) and hand grip and pinch as the secondary outcomes. Only the study group showed significant improvements in the DASH, VAS, CHFS and SHAQ after 1, 3 and 6 months of follow-up (P = 0.0001). Additionally, moderate correlations between the DASH, CHFS and SHAQ (R = 0.7203; R = 0.6788; P = 0.0001) were found. Complex, supervised rehabilitation improves hand and overall function in SSc patients up to 6 months after the treatment but not in the long term. The regular repetition of this rehabilitation program should be recommended every 3–6 months to maintain better hand and overall function.
Detectability of pulmonary ossifications in fibrotic lung on ultra-high-resolution CT using 2048 matrix size and 0.25-mm slice thickness
Authors: Hata Akinori , Yanagawa Masahiro , Tsubamoto Mitsuko , Doi Shuhei , Yoshida Yuriko , Miyata Tomo , Kikuchi Noriko , Kashiwagi Nobuo , Tomiyama Noriyuki 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo investigate the prevalence of nodular pulmonary ossifications (POs) in patients with honeycombing on ultra-high-resolution CT (UHRCT) and to compare the detectability of nodular POs between images reconstructed using the ultra-high-resolution setting (UHR-setting) and those using the conventional setting (C-setting) on UHRCT. Twenty patients with honeycombing in the lung were evaluated retrospectively. All patients underwent non-contrast-enhanced UHRCT. Images were reconstructed with UHR-setting (matrix, 2048 × 2048; slice thickness, 0.25 mm) and with C-setting (matrix size, 512 × 512; slice thickness, 0.5 mm). Two chest radiologists independently recorded the number of nodular POs (< 4 mm diameter) in each lung lobes. Each lobe was classified as one of the following five categories according to the number of POs: C0, none; C1, 1–4 POs; C2, 5–9 POs; C3, 10–49 POs; and C4, ≥ 50 POs. The maximum CT values of the POs were measured and compared between the two settings. PO categories were significantly higher with UHR-setting than with C-setting (p < 0.001). Maximum CT values were significantly higher with UHR-setting than with C-setting (p < 0.001). Nodular POs were seen in 80% or more of patients with honeycombing and more easily detected in images reconstructed with UHR-setting than in those with C-setting.
Efficient plant regeneration from embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Euonymus alatus
Authors: Woo Hyun-A , Ku Seong Sub , Jie Eun Yee , Kim HyeRan , Kim Hyun-Soon , Cho Hye Sun , Jeong Won-Joong , Park Sang Un , Min Sung Ran , Kim Suk Weon 
Published: July 2021

AbstractTo establish an efficient plant regeneration system from cell suspension cultures of Euonymus alatus, embryogenic callus formation from immature embryos was investigated. The highest frequency of embryogenic callus formation reached 50% when the immature zygotic embryos were incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D). At higher concentrations of 2,4-D (over 2 mg/L), the frequency of embryogenic callus formation declined significantly. The total number of somatic embryos development was highest with the 3% (w/v) sucrose treatment, which was found to be the optimal concentration for somatic embryo formation. Activated charcoal (AC) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) significantly increased the frequency of plantlet conversion from somatic embryos, but gibberellic acid (GA3) had a negative effect on plantlet conversion and subsequent development from somatic embryos. Even though the cell suspension cultures were maintained for more than 1 year, cell aggregates from embryogenic cell suspension cultures were successfully converted into normal somatic embryos with two cotyledons. To our knowledge, this is the first successful report of a plant regeneration system of E. alatus via somatic embryogenesis. Thus, the embryogenic cell line and plant regeneration system established in this study can be applied to mass proliferation and production of pharmaceutical metabolite in E. alatus.
Kv1.1 channels mediate network excitability and feed-forward inhibition in local amygdala circuits
Authors: Thouta Samrat , Zhang Yiming , Garcia Esperanza , Snutch Terrance P. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractKv1.1 containing potassium channels play crucial roles towards dampening neuronal excitability. Mice lacking Kv1.1 subunits (Kcna1−/−) display recurrent spontaneous seizures and often exhibit sudden unexpected death. Seizures in Kcna1−/− mice resemble those in well-characterized models of temporal lobe epilepsy known to involve limbic brain regions and spontaneous seizures result in enhanced cFos expression and neuronal death in the amygdala. Yet, the functional alterations leading to amygdala hyperexcitability have not been identified. In this study, we used Kcna1−/− mice to examine the contributions of Kv1.1 subunits to excitability in neuronal subtypes from basolateral (BLA) and central lateral (CeL) amygdala known to exhibit distinct firing patterns. We also analyzed synaptic transmission properties in an amygdala local circuit predicted to be involved in epilepsy-related comorbidities. Our data implicate Kv1.1 subunits in controlling spontaneous excitatory synaptic activity in BLA pyramidal neurons. In the CeL, Kv1.1 loss enhances intrinsic excitability and impairs inhibitory synaptic transmission, notably resulting in dysfunction of feed-forward inhibition, a critical mechanism for controlling spike timing. Overall, we find inhibitory control of CeL interneurons is reduced in Kcna1−/− mice suggesting that basal inhibitory network functioning is less able to prevent recurrent hyperexcitation related to seizures.
Health-related quality of life in ICU survivors—10 years later
Authors: Hofhuis José G. M. , Schrijvers Augustinus J. P. , Schermer Tjard , Spronk Peter E. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMany Intensive Care (ICU) survivors experience long lasting impairments in physical and psychological health as well as social functioning. The objective of our study was to evaluate these effects up to 10 years after ICU discharge. We performed a long-term prospective cohort study in patients admitted for longer than 48 h in a medical-surgical ICU. We evaluated health-related quality of life (HRQOL) before ICU admission using the Short-form-36 (SF-36), at ICU discharge, at hospital discharge and at 1, 2, 5 and 10 years follow up (all by patients). Changes in HRQOL were assessed based on linear mixed modeling. We included a total of 749 patients (from 2000 to 2008). During 10 years 475 (63.4%) patients had died, 125 (16.7%) patients were lost to follow up and 149 (19.9%) patients could be evaluated. The mean scores of four HRQOL dimensions (i.e., physical functioning (p < 0.001; mean 54, SD 32, effect size 0.77, 95% CI [0.54–1.0]), role-physical (p < 0.001; mean 44, SD 47, effect size 0.65, 95% CI [0.41–0.68] general health (p < 0.001; mean 52, SD 27, effect size 0.48; 95% CI 0.25–0.71) and social functioning (p < 0.001; mean 72, SD 32, effect size 0.41, 95% CI [0.19–0.64]) were still lower 10 years after ICU discharge compared with pre-admission levels (n = 149) and with an age reference population. Almost all SF-36 dimensions changed significantly over time from ICU discharge up to 10 years after ICU discharge. Over the 10 year follow up physical functioning of medical-surgical ICU survivors remains impaired compared with their pre-admission values and an age reference population. However, effect sizes showed no significant differences suggesting that surviving patients largely regained their age-specific HRQOL at 10 years.
High thermal durability of Ru-based synthetic antiferromagnet by interfacial engineering with Re insertion
Authors: Yang Chun-Liang , Lai Chih-Huang 
Published: July 2021

AbstractSynthetic antiferromagnets (SAFs), composed of Ru spacer with a Re insertion layer, reveal superior thermal stability up to 450 °C annealing, making the back-end of line process a wider manufacturing window and tolerance to integrate the perpendicular magnetic tunneling junctions (P-MTJs) into CMOS process. The coupling strength decays significantly for SAFs with single Ru spacer after annealing above 400 °C. Due to the characteristics of refractory metals, Re can behave as a diffusion barrier during annealing. Furthermore, the Re spacer can still keep reasonable RKKY coupling strength. Therefore, the SAFs with Ru/Re composite spacers exhibit higher RKKY coupling strength than Ru spacers after 450 °C annealing. In addition, we discovered the different enhancements for the upper and lower interfacial Re insertion, which was attributed to the varied defect formation at interfaces. The stacking fault was formed at the upper Ru/Co interface in as-deposited state. When Re was inserted at the upper interface, the diffusion between Co and Ru was significantly suppressed and the stacking fault can be eliminated during annealing, leading to enhanced interlayer coupling. Through the interfacial engineering, we may have more degrees of freedom to tune the SAF performance and thus enhance process compatibility of P-MTJ to the CMOS process.
Predictability of sinusoidally moving stimuli does not improve the accuracy of the accommodative response
Authors: Águila-Carrasco Antonio J. Del , Marín-Franch Iván 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPrevious research work suggests that predictable target motion such as sinusoidal movement can be anticipated by the visual system, thereby improving the accommodative response. The validity of predictable motion for studying human dynamic accommodation is sometimes put into question. The aim of this work was to assess the effect of anticipation along with learning (and motivation, etc.) and fatigue (and boredom, loss of attention, etc.) on dynamic accommodation experiments from a practical perspective. Specifically, changes in amplitude and temporal phase lag were estimated within and between trials as 9 adult observers were instructed to focus on a stimulus that oscillated sinusoidally towards and away from the eye at specific temporal frequencies. On average, amplitude decreased whereas phase increased within trials. No evidence of anticipation or learning was observed either within or between trials. Fatigue consistently dominated anticipation and learning within the course of each trial. Even if the eye is equipped by a prediction operator as it is often assumed, fatigue confounds the results from dynamic accommodation experiments more than anticipation or learning.
Incidence, demographics, and survival of patients with primary pituitary tumors: a SEER database study in 2004–2016
Authors: Chen Cheng , Hu Yu , Lyu Liang , Yin Senlin , Yu Yang , Jiang Shu , Zhou Peizhi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractComprehensive investigations on the incidence and prognosis of pituitary tumors are still lacking. The present study aims to summarize the incidence, demographics, and survival outcome of pituitary adenoma on a population-based level. This study includes all pituitary adenomas reported in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2004 to 2016 in the United States. Extensive clinical and demographic characteristics were extracted and submitted to group comparisons. The standardized incidence rate was calculated and stratified by year at diagnosis, age/sex and age/treatment groups. The Kaplan–Meier analysis and multivariable regressions were performed to identify the factors associated with overall survival. A total of 47,180 pituitary tumors were identified, including 47,030 typical adenomas, 111 uncertain behavior pituitary adenomas, and 39 pituitary carcinomas. The overall standardized incidence rate was 4.8 cases per 100,000 person-years and the annual incidence rate continually trended upwards, with a peak seen in 2015. We noticed a bimodal age-related distribution in females and a unimodal distribution in males. In the multivariate regression analysis, the factors associated with prolonged survival included typical adenoma, younger age, and smaller tumor size. Whereas, black and male patients had worse overall survival. Our study provides a reliable estimate on the incidence of pituitary adenoma and confirms that the annual standardized incidence rate is increasing. Pituitary adenomas have a satisfactory long-term prognosis and age, tumor size, and tumor subtypes are related to overall survival. Though statistically significant, our inferential findings should be constrained within the limitations of SEER database.
Profiles for identifying problematic dietary habits in a sample of recreational Spanish cyclists and triathletes
Authors: Muros José J. , Knox Emily , Hinojosa-Nogueira Daniel , Rufián-Henares José Á. , Zabala Mikel 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThere is a lack of sufficient information on the dietary intake and nutritional supplementation of recreational endurance athletes throughout the year. The present observational study sought to assess the dietary intake and nutritional supplementation habits of recreational cyclists and triathletes from Spain. 4,037 cyclists and triathletes completed self-report measures. Nutritional profiles were developed and differences were examined according to sporting discipline and gender. Differences between groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U or chi-squared test. Next, micro- and macro-nutrients were grouped according to whether or not guideline intake amounts were met. The clustering of dietary habits was then examined via K-means cluster analysis. Triathletes took more supplements than cyclists (X2 = 36.489; p value = .000) and females took more supplements than males (X2 = 5.920; p value = .017). Females and triathletes reported greater protein and CHO consumption than males and cyclists, respectively. Triathletes also reported a higher consumption of total fat, MUFA, PUFA, EPA, DHA and fibre. Females and triathletes tended to consume more vitamins and minerals than males and cyclists, respectively. Two main dietary habit clusters emerged which may be used to inform nutritional interventions targeting recreational athletes not meeting nutritional requirements. There is an imbalance in the main nutrients making up the diet of recreational Spanish athletes, characterised by insufficient CHO and excessive protein.
Genomic alterations and possible druggable mutations in carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP)
Authors: Es Hamidreza Aboulkheyr , Mahdizadeh Hamid , Asl Amir Abbas Hedayati , Totonchi Mehdi 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCarcinoma of Unknown Primary (CUP) is a heterogeneous and metastatic disease where the primary site of origin is undetectable. Currently, chemotherapy is the only state-of-art treatment option for CUP patients. The molecular profiling of the tumour, particularly mutation detection, offers a new treatment approach for CUP in a personalized fashion using targeted agents. We analyzed the mutation and copy number alterations profile of 1709 CUP samples deposited in the AACR Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE) cohort and explored potentially druggable mutations. We identified 52 significant mutated genes (SMGs) among CUP samples, in which 13 (25%) of SMGs were potentially targetable with either drugs are approved for the know primary tumour or undergoing clinical trials. The most variants detected were TP53 (43%), KRAS (19.90%), KMT2D (12.60%), and CDKN2A (10.30%). Additionally, using pan-cancer analysis, we found similar variants of TERT promoter in CUP and NSCLC samples, suggesting that these mutations may serve as a diagnostic marker for identifying the primary tumour in CUP. Taken together, the mutation profiling analysis of the CUP tumours may open a new way of identifying druggable targets and consequently administrating appropriate treatment in a personalized manner.
Faecal biomarkers in type 1 diabetes with and without diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Winther Signe Abitz , Mannerla Miia Maininki , Frimodt-Møller Marie , Persson Frederik , Hansen Tine Willum , Lehto Markku , Hörkkö Sohvi , Blaut Michael , Forsblom Carol , Groop Per-Henrik , Rossing Peter 
Published: July 2021

AbstractGastrointestinal dysbiosis is common among persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D), but its potential impact on diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains obscure. We examined whether faecal biomarkers, previously associated with low-grade gastrointestinal inflammation, differ between healthy controls and T1D subjects with and without DN. Faecal samples were analyzed for levels of calprotectin, intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and immunoglobulins in subjects with T1D (n = 159) and healthy controls (NDC; n = 50). The subjects with T1D were stratified based on albuminuria: normoalbuminuria (< 30 mg/g; n = 49), microalbuminuria (30–299 mg/g; n = 50) and macroalbuminuria (≥ 300 mg/g; n = 60). aecal calprotectin, IAP and immunoglobulin levels did not differ between the T1D albuminuria groups. However, when subjects were stratified based on faecal calprotectin cut-off level (50 µg/g), macroalbuminuric T1D subjects exceeded the threshold more frequently than NDC (p = 0.02). Concentrations of faecal propionate and butyrate were lower in T1D subjects compared with NDC (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). Among T1D subjects, levels of branched SCFA (BCFA) correlated positively with current albuminuria level (isobutyrate, p = 0.03; isovalerate, p = 0.005). In our study cohort, fatty acid metabolism seemed to be altered among T1D subjects and those with albuminuria compared to NDC. This may reflect gastrointestinal imbalances associated with T1D and renal complications.