bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does change in barometric pressure per given time at high altitude influence symptoms of acute mountain sickness on Mount Fuji? A pilot study
Authors: Horiuchi Masahiro , Watanabe Misato , Mitsui Satomi , Uno Tadashi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Background
Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a common, transient condition characterized primarily by headaches, and it can also be associated with fatigue, dizziness, and nausea with vomiting. The symptoms of AMS are most pronounced after the first night spent at a new altitude. At sea level, changes in barometric pressure per given time have been associated with migraine headaches. We sought to investigate whether changes in barometric pressure, subjective sleep quality index, and other candidates contributed to the risk of developing AMS on Mount Fuji in Japan.

Method
We surveyed 353 trekkers who stayed overnight at a mountain lodge before summitting Mount Fuji. We collected information regarding sex, age, sleeping altitude at the hut, and perceived sleep quality index including sleep time. AMS was assessed with the Lake Louise Scoring system. Barometric pressure and ambient temperature were collected at the 5th station (2305 m) and at the summit (3776 m).

Result
The overall prevalence of AMS in our cohort was 41.4% (Lake Louise Score ≥ 3 with headache, n=146). Using logistic regression, three factors were combined to generate a robust model for determining the risk of AMS (with or without AMS). These included (1) Δ barometric pressure during ascent per hour, (2) sleepiness on rising, and (3) sleep refreshment assessed by perceived sleep quality index.

Conclusion
These results suggest that climbers who stay overnight at the lodge should keep a better physical condition of sleep, and would pay attention to information of barometric pressure condition to decrease their risk of AMS at the summit of Mount Fuji. Our observatory data indicated that an overnight staying in half way up to the summit does not necessarily reduce the AMS risk in both sexes and irrespective of age, at least, until 3776 m elevation.
Specific and conserved patterns of microbiota-structuring by maize benzoxazinoids in the field
Authors: Cadot Selma , Guan Hang , Bigalke Moritz , Walser Jean-Claude , Jander Georg , Erb Matthias , van der Heijden Marcel G. A. , Schlaeppi Klaus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundPlants influence their root and rhizosphere microbial communities through the secretion of root exudates. However, how specific classes of root exudate compounds impact the assembly of root-associated microbiotas is not well understood, especially not under realistic field conditions. Maize roots secrete benzoxazinoids (BXs), a class of indole-derived defense compounds, and thereby impact the assembly of their microbiota. Here, we investigated the broader impacts of BX exudation on root and rhizosphere microbiotas of adult maize plants grown under natural conditions at different field locations in Europe and the USA. We examined the microbiotas of BX-producing and multiple BX-defective lines in two genetic backgrounds across three soils with different properties.ResultsOur analysis showed that BX secretion affected the community composition of the rhizosphere and root microbiota, with the most pronounced effects observed for root fungi. The impact of BX exudation was at least as strong as the genetic background, suggesting that BX exudation is a key trait by which maize structures its associated microbiota. BX-producing plants were not consistently enriching microbial lineages across the three field experiments. However, BX exudation consistently depletedFlavobacteriaceaeandComamonadaceaeand enriched various potential plant pathogenic fungi in the roots across the different environments.ConclusionsThese findings reveal that BXs have a selective impact on root and rhizosphere microbiota composition across different conditions. Taken together, this study identifies the BX pathway as an interesting breeding target to manipulate plant-microbiome interactions.
Factors affecting the value revitalization of Qajar religious schools in Tehran
Authors: Taher Tolou Del Mohammad Sadegh , Saleh Sedghpour Bahram , Kamali Tabrizi Sina 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Nowadays, due to natural erosion and urban development, Qajar religious schools in Tehran have undergone adverse physical changes. Moreover, the semantic and intangible values of them have faded over time, such that their position in society has declined. The religious schools need the conservation and revitalization of their values. Various research has been conducted on the philosophy of education, and the spatial evolution history of Tehran’s religious schools. However, since no study has been carried out on the value revitalization of them, the present study, as an exploratory and novel study, mainly aims to experimentally investigate experts’ views to revitalize the value of Qajar religious schools in Tehran. Delphi research method and Q-type factor analysis were used to identify and classify experts’ views, respectively. Participants were selected through the purposive non-probability sampling technique. The sample size was selected to be 25, which was confirmed according to the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin test used for sampling adequacy. To collect data from experts, a questionnaire was used in three rounds based on the Delphi method. Data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using the Q method. Based on the obtained results, up to 73.267% of factors affecting the value revitalization of Qajar religious schools in Tehran were identified and interpreted with certainty based on interviews with the experts. The experts were divided into eight groups or factors based on their views, and seven of which introduced common variables and concepts, named based on their constituent variables. Based on the value of the coefficient of variation, the identified effective factors included climatic architecture (20.51%), resilient architecture (13.45%), spiritual architecture (8.98%), environmental aesthetics (8.12%), educational architecture (6.87%), structural architecture (6.450%), and site visiting (4.566%). It was concluded that in the value revitalization of the religious schools, paying serious attention to these seven effective factors underlies the conservation process.
Intrusion detection systems using long short-term memory (LSTM)
Authors: Laghrissi FatimaEzzahra , Douzi Samira , Douzi Khadija , Hssina Badr 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAn intrusion detection system (IDS) is a device or software application that monitors a network for malicious activity or policy violations. It scans a network or a system for a harmful activity or security breaching. IDS protects networks (Network-based intrusion detection system NIDS) or hosts (Host-based intrusion detection system HIDS), and work by either looking for signatures of known attacks or deviations from normal activity. Deep learning algorithms proved their effectiveness in intrusion detection compared to other machine learning methods. In this paper, we implemented deep learning solutions for detecting attacks based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). PCA (principal component analysis) and Mutual information (MI) are used as dimensionality reduction and feature selection techniques. Our approach was tested on a benchmark data set, KDD99, and the experimental outcomes show that models based on PCA achieve the best accuracy for training and testing, in both binary and multiclass classification.
The dynamics of dual-magma-chamber system during volcanic eruptions inferred from physical modeling
Authors: Kozono Tomofumi 
Published: May 2021

AbstractA magma plumbing system with dual magma chambers beneath active volcanoes is commonly observed through petrological and geophysical measurements. This paper developed a physical model for the dynamics of a dual-magma-chamber system during volcanic eruptions. The model consists of the plumbing system where two elastically deformable magma chambers are connected in series with non-deformable conduits. Based on this model, we obtained an analytical solution that describes temporal changes in pressures at the two chambers accompanied by the eruption. The analytical solution showed that the feature of the chamber pressure changes is mainly controlled by two non-dimensional numbers $$C'$$

C
′

and $$\Omega '$$

Ω
′

. Here, $$C'$$

C
′

is the ratio of the parameter controlling the magnitude of pressure change in the shallower chamber to that in the deeper chamber, and $$\Omega '$$

Ω
′

is the ratio of conduit’s conductivity (inverse of resistivity to magma flow) between the shallower chamber and the surface to that between the chambers. For smaller $$C'$$

C
′

and $$\Omega '$$

Ω
′

, the shallower chamber’s pressure is kept constant during the decrease in the pressure at the deeper chamber in the initial phase of the eruption. This corresponds to a deformation pattern commonly observed in some eruptions, in which the deflation of the deeper chamber was predominant. The estimation of $$C'$$

C
′

and $$\Omega '$$

Ω
′

based on the parameters related to magma properties and geometries of the chambers and the conduits revealed that the smaller $$C'$$

C
′

and $$\Omega '$$

Ω
′

conditions are satisfied under realistic magmatic and geological parameters. This indicates that the magma dynamics in the dual-chamber system generally cause the dominance of the deeper chamber’s deflation.
Measurement of geomagnetically induced current (GIC) around Tokyo, Japan
Authors: Watari Shinichi , Nakamura Satoko , Ebihara Yusuke 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe need a typical method of directly measuring geomagnetically induced current (GIC) to compare data for estimating a potential risk of power grids caused by GIC. Here, we overview GIC measurement systems that have appeared in published papers, note necessary requirements, report on our equipment, and show several examples of our measurements in substations around Tokyo, Japan. Although they are located at middle latitudes, GICs associated with various geomagnetic disturbances are observed, such as storm sudden commencements (SSCs) or sudden impulses (SIs) caused by interplanetary shocks, geomagnetic storms including a storm caused by abrupt southward turning of strong interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) associated with a magnetic cloud, bay disturbances caused by high-latitude aurora activities, and geomagnetic variation caused by a solar flare called the solar flare effect (SFE). All these results suggest that GIC at middle latitudes is sensitive to the magnetospheric current (the magnetopause current, the ring current, and the field-aligned current) and also the ionospheric current.
Sepsis: deriving biological meaning and clinical applications from high-dimensional data
Authors: Schuurman Alex R. , Reijnders Tom D. Y. , Kullberg Robert F. J. , Butler Joe M. , van der Poll Tom , Wiersinga W. Joost 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe pathophysiology of sepsis is multi-facetted and highly complex. As sepsis is a leading cause of global mortality that still lacks targeted therapies, increased understanding of its pathogenesis is vital for improving clinical care and outcomes. An increasing number of investigations seeks to unravel the complexity of sepsis through high-dimensional data analysis, enabled by advances in -omics technologies. Here, we summarize progress in the following major -omics fields: genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and microbiomics. We describe what these fields can teach us about sepsis, and highlight current trends and future challenges. Finally, we focus on multi-omics integration, and discuss the challenges in deriving biological meaning and clinical applications from these types of data.
Psychiatric leadership development in postgraduate medical education and training
Authors: Till Alex , Sen Radhika , Crimlisk Helen 
Published: May 2021

SummaryThe value of strong, compassionate medical leadership in the delivery of high-quality care to patients within mental health services is clear. Leadership development, however, is far less well explored. This article is for psychiatric trainees, trainers and mental health organisations. It provides an introduction to the importance of leadership development within postgraduate medical training, the theory that should underpin its delivery, and the opportunities for both informal and formal leadership development within psychiatric training.
Effective Patient Selection for an Oncology-Dedicated Emergency Service: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Turgeman Ilit , Bar-Sela Gil 
Published: May 2021

PURPOSE: Emergency cancer care constitutes a significant health care and patient burden. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics of patients most fitting for treatment in an oncology-dedicated emergency department (OED). METHODS: Electronic files of patients with cancer seeking emergency services between April and June 2017 were retrospectively obtained from the hospital registry. Efficacy parameters were compared between patients treated in the OED and those treated in the general emergency department (GED). Using descriptive statistics and logistic regressions, patient- and treatment-related factors were correlated with effective care in the OED. RESULTS: More than half of the total 799 patients presented initially to the OED, of which 10.4% required GED referral. Treatment in the GED was associated with a higher rate of consultations, imaging, and hospitalization ( P < .001), with the cost of imaging alone four times that of the OED ($23,263 US dollars difference). The relative proportion of patients with cancer visiting the GED was reduced after founding the OED. In the OED, patient diagnoses included lung (33%), GI, and breast cancer, of which 85% were metastatic. Frequent chief complaints were pain (45%), GI, malaise, and respiratory symptoms. Referral to the GED was significant in those with genitourinary cancer, back pain ( P < .001), and neurologic symptoms, on biologic therapy, and with suspected oncological emergencies; conversely, disease symptoms (30% admissions) were well-controlled in the OED ( P = .003). CONCLUSION: Using minimal resources, the OED provides efficacious, cancer-focused care, suitable for the majority of acute admissions. Careful triage is recommended, as high-risk patients should be referred to the GED, where advanced multidisciplinary management is more readily available.
Dynamical effects of long-range interaction revealed in screened Coulomb interacting ring systems
Authors: Yao Zhenwei 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Understanding the intriguing physical effects of long-range interactions is a common theme in a host of physical systems. In this work, based on the classical screened Coulomb interacting ring model, we investigate the dynamical effects of the long-range interaction from the unique perspective of analyzing the dynamical response of the system to disturbance. We reveal the featured dynamics brought by the long-range interaction, including the efficient transformation of the disturbance into the uniform global rotation of the system, the suppression of the intrinsic noise, and the fast relaxation of particle speed.
Adrenomedullin Ameliorates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Regulating TGF-ß-Smads Signaling and Myofibroblast Differentiation
Authors: Wei Yangxuan , Tanaka Megumu , Sakurai Takayuki , Kamiyoshi Akiko , Ichikawa-Shindo Yuka , Kawate Hisaka , Cui Nanqi , Kakihara Shinji , Zhao Yunlu , Aruga Kohsuke , Sanjo Hideki , Shindo Takayuki 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is an irreversible, potentially fatal disease. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional peptide whose activity is regulated by receptor activity-modifying protein 2 (RAMP2). In the present study, we used the bleomycin (BLM)-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis model to investigate the pathophysiological significance of the AM-RAMP2 system in the lung. In heterozygous AM knockout mice (AM+/-), hydroxyproline content and Ashcroft scores reflecting the fibrosis severity were significantly higher than in wild-type mice (WT). During the acute phase after BLM administration, FACS analysis showed significant increases in eosinophil, monocyte, and neutrophil infiltration into the lungs of AM+/-. During the chronic phase, fibrosis-related molecules were upregulated in AM+/-. Notably, nearly identical changes were observed in RAMP2+/-. AM administration reduced fibrosis severity. In the lungs of BLM-administered AM+/-, the activation level of Smad3, a receptor-activated Smad, was higher than in WT. In addition, Smad7, an antagonistic Smad, was downregulated and microRNA-21, which targets Smad7, was upregulated compared to WT. Isolated AM+/- lung fibroblasts showed less proliferation and migration capacity than WT fibroblasts. Stimulation with TGF-β increased the numbers of α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts, which were more prominent among AM+/- cells. TGF-β-stimulated AM+/- myofibroblasts were larger and exhibited greater contractility and extracellular matrix production than WT cells. These cells were α-SMA (+), F-actin (+), and Ki-67(-) and appeared to be nonproliferating myofibroblasts (non-p-MyoFbs), which contribute to the severity of fibrosis. Our findings suggest that in addition to suppressing inflammation, the AM-RAMP2 system ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β-Smad3 signaling, microRNA-21 activity and differentiation into non-p-MyoFbs.
The Ste20-like kinase – a Jack of all trades?
Authors: Garland Brennan , Delisle Samuel , Al-Zahrani Khalid N. , Pryce Benjamin R. , Sabourin Luc A. 
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT
Over the past 20 years, the Ste20-like kinase (SLK; also known as STK2) has emerged as a central regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics. Reorganization of the cytoskeleton is necessary for a plethora of biological processes including apoptosis, proliferation, migration, tissue repair and signaling. Several studies have also uncovered a role for SLK in disease progression and cancer. Here, we review the recent findings in the SLK field and summarize the various roles of SLK in different animal models and discuss the biochemical mechanisms regulating SLK activity. Together, these studies have revealed multiple roles for SLK in coupling cytoskeletal dynamics to cell growth, in muscle repair and in negative-feedback loops critical for cancer progression. Furthermore, the ability of SLK to regulate some systems appears to be kinase activity independent, suggesting that it may be an important scaffold for signal transduction pathways. These various findings reveal highly complex functions and regulation patterns of SLK in development and disease, making it a potential therapeutic target.
A Hospital based study on sudden sensorineural Hearing Loss: It’s audiological characteristics and prevalence
Authors: Naz Erum , Saqulain Ghulam , Mumtaz Nazia , Babur Muhammad Naveed 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To analyze the prevalence & characteristics of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
Methods: This cross sectional study including n=377 cases of sensorineural hearing impairment, using non-probability convenience sampling, who fulfilled the selection criteria was conducted from 1st July 2019 to 31st October 2019. Study was conducted at Audiology section of ENT department, Lahore General Hospital, Pakistan. Sample included both genders, aged 17-70 years. Cases suffering from inflammatory or obstructive conditions of the external or middle ear and those who could not undergo pure tone audiometry were excluded from the study. Following consent for inclusion in study, data was collected using basic demographic and medical history sheet followed by Audiometric evaluation. Statistical Software for Social Sciences Version 20.0 was used for data analysis.
Results: The prevalence rate of sudden sensorineural hearing loss of 14(3.7%) being significantly more common in males 11(78%) than females 3(22%) (p=0.05) & age group 15-35 years (p=0.001). It is commonly of severe or profound degree with downward sloping audiogram (p<0.05), however it is not associated with vertigo (p=0.32), tinnitus (p=0.08) with no side predilection (p = 0.27).
Conclusion: We conclude that the prevalence of SSNHL is 3.7% being significantly more prevalent in males and those aged15-25 years. It is mostly characterized by severe to profound degree of hearing loss with downward sloping audiogram with no associated vertigo, tinnitus and side predilection.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3851
How to cite this:Naz E, Saqulain G, Mumtaz N, Babur MN. A Hospital based study on sudden sensorineural Hearing Loss: It’s audiological characteristics and prevalence. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):1133-1138. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3851
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Mutational Frequencies in Mycobacterial rpoB gene using GeneXpert/MTB Rif Assay in Rifampicin Resistant patients at a tertiary care setting in Urban Sindh, Pakistan: Analysis from a Five-Year Period
Authors: Alamgir Muhammad , Sajjad Mehwish , Baig Mirza Saifullah , Noori Muhammad Yahya 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To assess the mutational frequencies in Mycobacterial rpoB gene using GeneXpert/MTB Rif Assay in rifampicin resistant patients during 2013-2017 at a tertiary care setting in Urban Sindh, Pakistan.
Methods: This Retrospective Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study was conducted at the TB laboratories, Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Dow University of Health Sciences. The record of 713 positive cases of Rifampicin Resistant Tuberculosis from January 2013 to December 2017 were analysed. These were diagnosed using GeneXpert® that detects mutations in the 81 base pair region of rpoB gene with the help of five molecular probes A, B, C, D and E. All invalid and extra pulmonary samples were excluded.
Results: In total, 713 cases were found to be rifampicin resistant during the five-year period, among which 374 (52.45%) were males while 339 (47.55%) were females. Among the five standard probes A, B, C, D and E, 97.48% of the cases had a single mutation. Among these, mutations in Probe E (66.48%) were the most common, followed by Probe B (14.3%) and Probe D (11.08%). Only 13 cases (1.82%) of double mutations and five cases (0.7%) of triple mutations were detected.
Conclusion: The rpoB gene Probe E region 529-533 appears the most potent site for a mutation and development of rifampicin resistance in the rpoB gene in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that encodes the β-subunit of RNA polymerase. The most affected age-group in both males and females is 19-45 Years.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3875
How to cite this:Alamgir M, Sajjad M, Baig MS, Noori MY. Mutational Frequencies in Mycobacterial rpoB gene using GeneXpert/MTB Rif Assay in Rifampicin Resistant patients at a tertiary care setting in Urban Sindh, Pakistan: Analysis from a Five-Year Period. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(4):1151-1154. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.4.3875
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.