bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PROFITABILITAS, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, KEPEMILIKAN INSTITUSIONAL DAN SOLVABILITAS TERHADAP AUDIT DELAY (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE 2015-2018)
Authors: Gunawan Ervina , Harjanto Karina 
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this research is to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of profitability, firm size, institutional ownership, and solvability towards audit delay. Dependent variable in this research is audit delay, and independent variables are profitability, firm size, institutional ownership, and solvability. The profitability was measured by return on asset (ROA), firm size was measured by natural logarithm (ln) total asset, institutional ownership was measured by number of shares owned by institution divided by outstanding share, and solvability was measured by debt to total asset ratio (DAR). The object of this research is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The sample of this research was selected by using purposive sampling method. Secondary data taken from annual report and financial report also analyzed by using multiple regression method. There are 21 manufacture firms selected as sample that had been listed on the IDX since 2015-2018. The result of this research are (1) profitability has no effect toward audit delay, (2) firm size has effect toward audit delay, (3) institutional ownership has effect toward audit delay, (4) Solvability has no effect toward audit delay, (5) profitability, firm size, institutional ownership, and solvability simultaneously have effect toward audit delay.

Keywords: Audit delay, Firm Size, Institutional Ownership, Profitability, Solvability
ENDOWMENT EFFECT DURING COVID-19 IN INDONESIA - BEHAVIORAL STUDY ON UNIVERSITY STUDENT’S PERCEPTION FOR MEDICAL MASK PRICE
Authors: Kiky Andreas 
Published: January 2021

Behavioral study about how people make decision becomes very popular nowadays. Many various researches address a problem or an error in people action. One of the errors that would like to be explored in this article is endowment effect. Endowment effect explains that people perceive fairness based on prior knowledge or a “frame” that put into their mind. This would be a problem because it could cause inconsistency in people action. Purpose of this research is to detect the endowment effect on university student when COVID-19 is taking place. The issue that would like to be explored is medical mask price increase during this outbreak. Simple survey on two groups of university students is conducted to detect this endowment effect. If the response from research respondents is the same on both groups then there is no endowment effect. Independent t-test is applied to test research hypothesis and validate the result. The finding is quite surprising; there is inconsistency between descriptive and hypothetical result. Most of respondents agree that the price is actually tradable at Rp 4,000 (it increases from normal price and about 0.27 USD) but they are reluctant to say this action fair. Some discussion and analysis are performed to expand this finding.

Key Words: Behavioral Economics, Bounded Rationality, Endowment Effect, Opportunity Cost, and Self-Control
Association of Malnutrition with Functional and Cognitive Trajectories in People Living with Dementia: A Five-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Borda Miguel Germán , Ayala Copete Ana María , Tovar-Rios Diego Alejandro , Jaramillo-Jimenez Alberto , Giil Lasse Melvær , Soennesyn Hogne , Gómez-Arteaga Camilo , Venegas-Sanabria Luis Carlos , Kristiansen Ida , Chavarro-Carvajal Diego Andrés , Caicedo Sandra , Cano-Gutierrez Carlos Alberto , Vik-Mo Audun , Aarsland Dag 
Published: January 2021

Background: In dementia, functional status depends on multiple factors in addition to cognition. Nutritional status is a potentially modifiable factor related to homeostasis and proper functioning of body systems and may contribute to cognitive and functional decline. Objective: This paper aims to analyze the association of malnutrition with the course of cognitive and functional decline in people living with dementia. Methods: This is an analysis of a longitudinal cohort study, the Dementia Study of Western Norway. Data of 202 patients diagnosed with mild dementia were analyzed; Alzheimer’s disease (AD) ( n = 103), Lewy body dementia (LBD) ( n = 74), and other dementias (OD) ( n = 25). Cognition was assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination and functional decline through the activities of daily living included in the Rapid Disability Rating Scale. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition Index was used to determine nutritional status. Associations of nutritional status with cognitive and functional decline were evaluated through adjusted linear mixed models. Results: At baseline, the prevalence of general malnutrition was 28.7%; 17.3% were classified as moderate malnutrition and 11.38% as severe malnutrition (there were no significant differences between AD and LBD). Malnutrition at diagnosis and over follow-up was a significant predictor of functional-decline, but not of cognitive decline. Conclusion: According to our results malnutrition was associated with faster functional loss but, not cognitive decline in older adults with dementia. A more comprehensive dementia approach including nutritional assessments could improve prognosis.
Age-Related Neuronal Deterioration Specifically Within the Dorsal CA1 Region of the Hippocampus in a Mouse Model of Late Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mehder Rasha H. , Bennett Brian M. , Andrew R. David 
Published: January 2021

Background: Neuronal damage resulting from increased oxidative stress is important in the development of late onset/age-related Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD). We have developed an oxidative stress–related mouse model of LOAD based on gene deletion of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), an enzyme important for the detoxification of endogenous aldehydes arising from lipid peroxidation. Compared to wildtype (WT) mice, the knockout (KO) mice exhibit AD-like pathologies and a progressive decline in recognition and spatial memory. This progression presumably has a morphological basis induced by oxidative damage. Objective: We performed morphometric analyses in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 region (dCA1) to determine if altered neuronal structure can help account for the progressive cognitive impairment in 3- to 12-month-old KO mice. Methods: Dendritic morphology was quantitatively analyzed by branched structured analysis and Sholl analysis following Golgi-Cox staining in WT mice (148 neurons) versus KO mice (180 neurons). Results: The morphology and complexity of dCA1 pyramidal neurons were similar at age 3 months in WTs and KOs. However, by 6 months there were significant reductions in apical and basal dendritic length, dendrite complexity, and spine density in KO versus WT mice that were maintained through ages 9 and 12 months. Immunostaining for protein adducts of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal revealed significant increases in staining in dCA1 (but not ventral CA1) by 3 months, increasing through 12 months. Conclusion: This specific and progressive increase in dCA1 oxidative damage preceded detectable synaptic trimming in KO mice, in keeping with studies showing that lesions to dorsal hippocampus primarily impair cognitive memory.
Cancer Statistics, 2021
Authors: Siegel Rebecca L. , Miller Kimberly D. , Fuchs Hannah E. , Jemal Ahmedin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractEach year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population‐based cancer occurrence. Incidence data (through 2017) were collected by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program; the National Program of Cancer Registries; and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Mortality data (through 2018) were collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2021, 1,898,160 new cancer cases and 608,570 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. After increasing for most of the 20th century, the cancer death rate has fallen continuously from its peak in 1991 through 2018, for a total decline of 31%, because of reductions in smoking and improvements in early detection and treatment. This translates to 3.2 million fewer cancer deaths than would have occurred if peak rates had persisted. Long‐term declines in mortality for the 4 leading cancers have halted for prostate cancer and slowed for breast and colorectal cancers, but accelerated for lung cancer, which accounted for almost one‐half of the total mortality decline from 2014 to 2018. The pace of the annual decline in lung cancer mortality doubled from 3.1% during 2009 through 2013 to 5.5% during 2014 through 2018 in men, from 1.8% to 4.4% in women, and from 2.4% to 5% overall. This trend coincides with steady declines in incidence (2.2%‐2.3%) but rapid gains in survival specifically for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For example, NSCLC 2‐year relative survival increased from 34% for persons diagnosed during 2009 through 2010 to 42% during 2015 through 2016, including absolute increases of 5% to 6% for every stage of diagnosis; survival for small cell lung cancer remained at 14% to 15%. Improved treatment accelerated progress against lung cancer and drove a record drop in overall cancer mortality, despite slowing momentum for other common cancers.
Efeitos de um programa multiprofissional de tratamento da obesidade no ambiente aquático em adolescentes acompanhados ou não de suas mães
Authors: Castilho Mario Moreira , Westphal Greice , Pereira Igor Alisson Spagnol , Martins Fernando Malentaqui , Meireles Karen Barros , Nardo Junior Nelson 
Published: January 2021

Introdução: O aumento da obesidade tem sido registrado em todas as faixas etárias. Está pandemia, considerada a doença do século, atinge diretamente a saúde pública em todos os continentes e representa um desafio complexo da sociedade moderna. Objetivo: Comparar a perda de peso em adolescentes submetidos a um programa multiprofissional de tratamento da obesidade (PMTO) com e sem o acompanhamento de suas mães. Método: Foram selecionados 11 adolescentes, com idade entre 13 a 17 anos, de ambos os sexos, com sobrepeso ou obesidade. Todos os participantes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (TCLE), antes de iniciar a sua participação. Todos indicaram ter disponibilidade e interesse para participar das intervenções com atividades no ambiente aquático, três vezes por semana, seguido de uma hora de orientações teóricas com profissionais das áreas de Educação Física, Nutrição e Psicologia. Foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas, seguindo procedimentos padronizados, as variáveis foram coletadas no pré-teste e pós-teste, após 16 semanas de um PMTO. Resultados: Os adolescentes apresentaram melhoras tanto no primeiro semestre quanto no segundo semestre, quando os mesmos foram acompanhados de suas mães. No entanto, no primeiro semestre foram observadas melhoras significativas (p<0,05) em um maior número de variáveis, tais como a CC (p=0,0389), gordura absoluta (p=0,0005) e percentual gordura (p=0,0009). No segundo semestre apresentaram melhoras significativas (p<0,05), no percentual de gordura e na FC de repouso. Conclusão: A participação no PMTO no ambiente aquático promoveu melhorias na aptidão física dos adolescentes, tanto quando eles foram acompanhados das mães, como na ausência das mesmas.
Changing Compliance of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Tubular Scaffold for Vascular Graft Applications Through Modifying Interlayer Adhesion and Crosslinking Density
Authors: Jeong YeJin , Yao Yuan , Mekonnen Tizazu H. , Yim Evelyn K. F. 
Published: January 2021

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is a water-soluble polymer and forms a hydrogel that has been studied as a potential small-diameter (&lt;6 mm) vascular graft implant. The PVA hydrogel crosslinked using sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) has been shown to have many beneficial properties such as bioinert, low-thrombogenicity, and easy surface modification. Compared to conventional synthetic vascular graft materials, PVA has also shown to possess better mechanical properties; however, the compliance and other mechanical properties of PVA grafts are yet to be optimized to be comparable with native blood vessels. Mechanical compliance has been an important parameter to be studied for small-diameter vascular grafts, as compliance has been proposed to play an important role in intimal hyperplasia formation. PVA grafts are made using dip-casting a cylindrical mold into crosslinking solution. The number of dipping can be used to control the wall thickness of the resulting PVA grafts. In this study, we hypothesized that the number of dip layers, chemical and physical crosslinking, and interlayer adhesion strength could be important parameters in the fabrication process that would affect compliance. This work provides the relationship between the wall thickness, burst pressure, and compliance of PVA. Furthermore, our data showed that interlayer adhesion as well as chemical and physical crosslinking density can increase the compliance of PVA grafts.
Comparison of Liver Biomarkers in 288 COVID-19 Patients: A Mono-Centric Study in the Early Phase of Pandemic
Authors: Fan Haozhi , Cai Jinyuan , Tian Anran , Li Yuwen , Yuan Hui , Jiang Zhengyi , Yu Yunxi , Ruan Lili , Hu Pingping , Yue Ming , Chen Nian , Li Jun , Zhu Chuanlong 
Published: January 2021

Background and Aims: Recent reports have indicated that hepatic dysfunction occurred in a proportion of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We aimed to compare and describe the liver biomarkers in different subtypes of COVID-19 patients.Methods: This study enrolled 288 COVID-19 patients in Huangshi Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. All patients were divided into ordinary, severe, and critical groups according to the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7). Demographic, clinical characteristics and liver biomarkers were compared among the three groups.Results: During hospitalization, AST, TBiL, and ALP levels in ordinary and severe patients fluctuated within the normal range with a rising trend in critical patients except AST. ALT and GGT levels fluctuated within the normal range showing an upward trend, while LDH levels in the critical group exceeded the normal range. Prealbumin showed an upward trend, especially in the severe group. At discharge, AST and LDH levels in ordinary and severe groups were lower than their baselines but increased in the critical group. In contrast to albumin, TBiL levels were increased in ordinary and critical groups while decreased in the severe group. The stratified analysis revealed factors affecting liver function in critical cases included highest temperature ≥38.0°C, age ≥60 and symptom of hypoxemia.Conclusions: COVID-19 can cause severe hepatic dysfunction in critical patients, requiring early monitoring and intervention. LDH, ALP, GGT, TBiL, prealbumin, and albumin may be helpful for evaluating and predicting disease prognosis due to their correlation with disease severity in COVID-19.
Effects of Apparent Temperature on the Incidence of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias in Patients With an Implantable Cardioverter–Defibrillator: Differential Association Between Patients With and Without Electrical Storm
Authors: Huang Hui-Chun , Suen Pei-Chin , Liu Jih-Shin , Chen Cheryl Chia-Hui , Liu Yen-Bin , Chen Chu-Chih 
Published: January 2021

Background: Electrical storm (ES) has profound psychological effects and is associated with a higher mortality in patients with implantable cardioverter–defibrillator (ICD). Assessing the incidence and features of ES, is vital. Previous studies have shown winter peaks for ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VTA) in ICD patients. However, the effects of heat with a high relative humidity remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to assess the nonlinear and lagged effects of apparent temperature [or heat index (HI)] on VTA among patients with and without ES after ICD implantation.Methods: Of 626 consecutive patients who had ICDs implanted from January 2004 to June 2017 at our hospital, 172 who experienced sustained VTAs in ICD recording were analyzed, and their clinical records were abstracted to assess the association between VTA incidence and HI by time-stratified case-crossover analysis. Cubic splines were used for the nonlinear effect of HI, with adjustment for air pollutant concentrations.Results: A significant seasonal effect for ES patients was noted. Apparent temperature, but not ambient temperature, was associated with VTA occurrences. The low and high HI thresholds for VTA incidence were &lt;15° and &gt;30°C, respectively, with a percentage change in odds ratios of 1.06 and 0.37, respectively, per 1°C. Lagged effects could only be demonstrated in ES patients, which lasted longer for low HI (in the next 4 days) than high HI (in the next 1 day).Conclusion: VTA occurrence in ICD patients was strongly associated with low HI and moderately associated with high HI. Lagged effects of HI on VTA were noted in patients with ES. Furthermore, patients with ES were more vulnerable to heat stress than those without ES. Patients with ICD implantation, particularly in those with ES, should avoid exposure to low and high HI to reduce the risk of VTAs, improve quality of life and possibly reduce mortality.
Nomogram for Stability Stratification of Small Intracranial Aneurysm Based on Clinical and Morphological Risk Factors
Authors: Zhu Wei , Li Wenqiang , Tian Zhongbin , Zhang Mingqi , Zhang Yisen , Wang Kun , Zhang Ying , Yang Xinjian , Liu Jian 
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose: Stability stratification of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is crucial for individualized clinical management, especially for small IAs. We aim to develop and validate a nomogram based on clinical and morphological risk factors for individualized instability stratification of small IAs.Methods: Six hundred fifty-eight patients with unstable (n = 293) and stable (n = 416) IAs &lt;7 mm were randomly divided into derivation and validation cohorts. Twelve clinical risk factors and 18 aneurysm morphological risk factors were extracted. Combined with important risk factors, a clinical-morphological predictive nomogram was developed. The nomogram performance was evaluated in the derivation and the validation cohorts in terms of discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness.Results: Five independent instability-related risk factors were included in the nomogram: location, irregularity, side/bifurcation type, flow angle, and height-to-width ratio. In the derivation cohort, the area under the curve (95% CI) of the nomogram was 0.803 (95% CI, 0.764–0.842), and good agreement between predicted instability risk and actual instability status could be detected in the calibration plot. The nomogram also exhibited good discriminations and calibration in the validation cohort: the area under the curve (95% CI) was 0.744 (95% CI, 0.677–0.812). Small IAs with scores &lt;90 were considered to have low risk of instability, and those with scores of 90 or greater were considered to have high risk of instability.Conclusions: The nomogram based on clinical and morphological risk factors can be used as a convenient tool to facilitate individualized decision-making in the management of small IAs.
Effectiveness of Postoperative Adjuvant Radiotherapy in Atypical Meningioma Patients After Gross Total Resection: A Meta-Analysis Study
Authors: He Lingzhe , Zhang Buyi , Zhang Jianmin , Guo Zhige , Shi Feina , Zeng Qiang 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundIt still remains unclear whether patients with atypical meningioma (AM) could benefit from postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (PORT) after gross-total resection (GTR).ObjectiveExploring the effectiveness of PORT on AM patients after GTR.MethodsLiteratures on PubMed, Embase, Web of science, and Scopus databases published between January 2000 and January 2019 were searched. After the selection based on the certain exclusion criteria, the Newcastle-Ottawa evaluation scale was used to evaluate the quality of the included literatures. Finally, a meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of PORT on local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in atypical meningioma patients after GTR.ResultsA total of 17 articles with 2,008 AM patients were included in the meta-analysis. The 5-year LC, 5-year PFS, and 5-year OS rates were 82.2, 84.1, and 79.0%, respectively, for AM patients receiving PORT after GTR, and they were 71.0, 71.9, and 81.5%, respectively, for those not receiving PORT after GTR. PORT could significantly improve 5-year LC rate (OR [95% Cl] = 2.59 [1.40–4.81], P = 0.002) and 5-year PFS rate (OR [95% Cl] = 1.99 [1.35–2.95], P = 0.001), but did not significantly improve 5-year OS rate (OR [95% Cl] = 1.07 [0.60–1.91], P = 0.828).ConclusionPORT could improve the 5-year LC rate and 5-year PFS rate in AM patients after GTR. AM patients might benefit from PORT after GTR.
Detection of Low-Frequency KRAS Mutations in cfDNA From EGFR-Mutated NSCLC Patients After First-Line EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Nardo Giorgia , Carlet Jessica , Marra Ludovica , Bonanno Laura , Boscolo Alice , Dal Maso Alessandro , Boscolo Bragadin Andrea , Indraccolo Stefano , Zulato Elisabetta 
Published: January 2021

BackgroundMolecular profiling of advanced EGFR mutated NSCLC has recently demonstrated the co-existence of multiple genetic alterations. Specifically, co-existing KRAS-mutations in EGFR NSCLCs have been described, despite their prevalence at progression and their role in the response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) remain marginally explored. Aim of our study was to investigate the prevalence of co-existing KRAS mutations at the time of progressive disease and explore their impact on clinical outcome.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed by digital droplet PCR prevalence of KRAS co-mutations in 106 plasma samples of EGFR mutated NSCLC patients, in progressive disease after EGFR TKI treatment as first-line therapy.ResultsKRAS co-mutations (codon 12 and 13) were identified in 3 patients (2.8% of analyzed samples), with low allelic frequency (&lt;0.2%), and had a negative impact on clinical outcome to first-line EGFR TKI.ConclusionDetection of KRAS mutations in cell-free DNA of EGFR mutant NSCLC patients at progression after first or second generation EGFR TKI is a rare event. Due to their low abundance, the negative impact of KRAS mutations on the response to EGFR TKI remains to be confirmed in larger studies.