bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students' Perceptions of Nursing: Their Relationship to Attrition
Authors: Harvey Valerie C , McMurray Nancy E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This article describes a cross-sectional study that examined the effect of students' pre-enrollment perceptions of nursing education on attrition. It was hypothesized that more students who leave (leavers) than students who continue would report a discrepancy between these perceptions and their nursing academic experience. It was also hypothesized that leavers would rate several potential stressors as more important concerning decisions to leave than would continuers. The sample comprised students who commenced their nursing education at an Australian tertiary institution. As predicted, a greater percentage of leavers than continuers reported nursing content to differ from what they expected. The major area of conflict was the scientific component in nursing knowledge. The groups did not differ concerning potential stressors' influence on decisions to leave. While constrained by its cross-sectional nature, this study's findings suggest a need to adequately convey the scientific basis of nursing knowledge to potential students and to deal with misconceptions early in education, to reduce attrition.
Distance Learning and Nursing Education
Authors: Reinert Bonita R , Fryback Patricia B 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This descriptive study investigated the use of distance learning programs in schools of nursing. Postcards were mailed to all members of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing, asking them about distance learning at their schools. Seven schools were selected for further interviews. Of the 353 schools (80%) that responded, 135 schools (38%) reported offering off-site courses. Forty-one schools reported plans for future offerings. The schools in this study offered a total of 33 master's and doctoral degrees by distance learning. A variety of media were used by the schools with the most common forms being one- and two-way video. Common themes identified from the interviews included faculty need for comfort, support, additional preparation time, and help developing courses. Student needs included structure, faculty contact, and a sense of belonging. The need for socialization was mentioned by all the informants.
Unity and Power: Lessons From Baccalaureate Entry
Authors: Wertz Eleanor , Rambur Betty 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Education for nurses has been a contentious issue within and outside of the nursing profession since the American Nurses Association's 1965 support of the baccalaureate degree in nursing as basic educational criteria for the professional nurse (American Nurses Association, 1965). For 10 years, North Dakota has remained the only state to have achieved this educational goal, and North Dakota nurses have been able to defend this position against repeated challenges within the state since 1985. This article places nursing education within the context of the evolving, sweeping changes that are impacting all providers in the health care arena. The authors explain how and why North Dakota nurses were able to accomplish the standardization of nursing education for two levels of nurses: registered nurses and licensed practical nurses. The article describes the positive outcomes for nurses and clients that have occurred over the past 10 years.
Rhetoric to Practice: The Challenge of Collaboration of Academe and Industry
Authors: Mann Susan , Byrnes Tess , Power Charmaine , Clare Judith , Saint Kate , Rich Marian , Winifreyda Ailsa n'ha 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Community health nursing is a complex practice that encompasses nurses working in many diverse settings. This article discusses the development of a project which focused on better preparation of students for potential employment in community settings. The formation of the working team and the development of the curriculum is outlined. A focus is given to the linking of primary health care principles in the teaching and facilitation of students within hospital and community setr tings. Comprehensive conclusions cannot be made yet from the project's preliminary findings. However, the process of collaboration has demonstrated several issues. These will have an impact on everyone who has been part of this project, and the issues are discussed in this article. The article provides an overview of the first year of collaboration of a 4-year project.
Transcending Behaviorism in Communication Education
Authors: Hartrick Gwen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
During the past decade, nursing education has been engaged in a curriculum revolution. Although this ongoing revolution has led to profound changes in nursing curricula, one area that requires further scrutiny is communication education. This article addresses the limitations of behavioral communication curricula and suggests a pedagogical process responsive to the complexity of human caring relationships and the intricacies of relational practice. The discussion includes a description of a nursing communication course developed according to the principles of transformational learning theory.
Breaking Through the Hegemony of Homogeneity: Revitalizing Curriculum and Students
Authors: Mohr Wanda K , Naylor Mary D 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Undergraduate programs provide fertile ground from which future practitioners, researchers, and teachers of psychiatric mental health nursing will emerge. Health care haa changed dramatically, offering opportunities for new and innovative roles and prompting faculty to develop novel ways of thinking about the future role of psychiatric nurses. Nursing faculty are challenged to devise new and creative approaches to teaching psychiatric nursing at the undergraduate level in ways that will instill enthusiasm for the ß eld. In this article, the efforts of the University of Pennsylvania to approach psychiatric mental health courses in new ways will be described. These innovations are designed to stimulate passion for what the authors see as a complex and exciting field that requires revitalisation.
A Comparison of Self-Reported Cultural Competency Skills Among Two Groups of Nursing Students: Implications for Nursing Education
Authors: Napholz Linda 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study was designed to examine self-reported cultural competency skills of second-semester junior-level nursing students toward clients from culturally diverse backgrounds. The purpose of this study was to ascertain if the addition of an innovative cultural sensitivity intervention facilitated greater self-perceived cultural competency skills when compared with the traditional method of incorporating cultural diversity into a junior-level clinical course. The Ethnic Competency Skills Assessment Inventory was used to collect data from participante attending a university in an urban midweetern county. Significant differences were noted between the pretest scores and posttest scores, Pretest scores were significantly lower than posttest scores for both groups. Nurse educators must examine further the differences in learning experiences related to cultural diversity that may account for these differences.
Peer Review of Teaching: Instituting a Program in a College of Nursing
Authors: Martsolf Donna S , Dieckman Barbara Cline , Cartechine Kathryn A , Starr Patricia J , Wolf Linda E , Anaya Ella R 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Institutions of higher education can lose sight of the importance of teaching. Teaching, in some settings, needs to be restored to its place of primacy in the faculty role and ita quality needs to be evaluated. The American Association for Higher Education (AAHE) national project, "From Idea to Prototype: The Peer Review of Teaching,'' is an attempt to accomplish that purpose.
Involvement in the AAHE national peer review project has been the impetus for the Kent State University College of Nursing to initiate a faculty-developed program of peer review. The program has been well received primarily because it was owned and controlled by the faculty. Its voluntary nature, administrative sanction, and strong support have contributed to its success. Faculty explored many possible methods to accomplish peer review. However, the use of a task force, classroom and clinical observations, and teaching circles have been the approaches best suited to this particular departmental culture.
Bearing Witness to Suffering: The Lived Experience of Nursing Students
Authors: Eifried Sharon 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This study explored the meanings of the lived experience of nursing students as they care for patients who are suffering. In this interpretive phenomenological study, 13 nursing students participated in conversational interviews and wrote narratives about their experiences of being with someone who was suffering. Embedded in the students' stories are the ways they came to understand suffering in the context of learning to practice nursing. The metatheme of bearing witness to suffering emerged from the analysis of the students' reflections. Bearing witness was exemplified with the subthemes of grappling with suffering, struggling with the ineffable, getting through, being with suffering patients, embodying the experience of suffering, and seeing possibilities in suffering. Bearing witness to suffering patients called students to an awareness of their own vulnerability. A concern for learning amid suffering was present throughout the students' texts. The call to care can be sustained through a pedagogy of suffering that acknowledges the need for support through a caring community.
An Education in Racism
Authors: Hassouneh-Phillips Dena , Beckett Ann 
Published: April 2021

ABSTBACT
Lack of diversity in nursing doctoral programs compromises the quality of doctoral education and perpetuates the shortage of faculty of color in nursing schools. To help understand the contexts that contribute to this lack of diversity, this study examined the experiences of 9 women of color in nursing doctoral programs. The aim of the study was to describe the experiences, challenges, and understandings of women of color in nursing doctoral programs. Analysis of interview data revealed that racism was a pervasive and harmful influence on participants and that this influence was largely invisible to EuroAmerican faculty and students. These findings highlight the need for faculty and students to critically reflect on their own racism as an important first step in challenging the status quo of racism in nursing education.
"I Saw it in a Different Light": International Learning Experiences in Baccalaureate Nursing Education
Authors: Walsh Linda V , DeJoseph Jeanne 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Health care providers in the United States are faced with delivering care to an increasingly diverse population. Nursing leaders and their respective organizations long have recognized the need to prepare nurses who understand the effects of the growing global community. Inclusion of cultural content in theory courses and clinical assignments in diverse settings are two ways to increase student nurses' cultural competency. This study explored the experiences of nursing students and faculty mentors who sought to increase their cultural competence through participation in a short-term immersion learning project in Central America. Analysis of data gathered through interviews and journal entries identified three themes - being "other," "I was already a nurse," and expanding my worldview.
Using Role Play to Develop Cultural Competence
Authors: Shearer Ruth , Davidhizar Ruth 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Role play is a useful teaching strategy for nursing education. This strategy can simulate patient behaviors, as well as demonstrate nursing interventions that students must learn to be clinically competent. Role play is a dramatic technique that encourages participation to improvise behaviors that may be encountered in nurse-patient situations. Using this technique, participants may test behaviors and decisions in an experimental atmosphere without risk of negative effects in a relationship. Role play is useful in developing cultural competence because participants may experience diverse roles.
Cultural competence is the ability to care for patients in a culturally sensitive and appropriate manner. In role play, students may participate as culturally diverse patients or as nurses encountering patients from different cultures. Various teaching strategies facilitate successful use of role play in the classroom, including defining a time frame, selected roles, specific objectives, references, and grading criteria. Tb optimize learning, the importance of exploration and analysis must be emphasized. Many benefits and potential problems accompany use of role play.
Results of a National Survey Indicating Information Technology Skills Needed by Nurses at Time of Entry Into the Work Force
Authors: McCannon Melinda , O'Neal Pamela V 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A national survey was conducted to determine the information technology skills nurse administrators consider critical for new nurses entering the work force. The sample consisted of 2,000 randomly selected members of the American Organization of Nurse Executives. Seven hundred fifty-two usable questionnaires were returned, for a response rate of 38%. The questionnaire used a 5-point Likert scale and consisted of 17 items that assessed various technology skills and demographic information. The questionnaire was developed and pilot tested with content experts to establish content validity. Descriptive analysis of the data revealed that using e-mail effectively, operating basic Windows applications, and searching databases were critical information technology skills. The most critical information technology skill involved knowing nursingspecific software, such as bedside charting and computeractivated medication dispensers. To effectively prepare nursing students with technology skills needed at the time of entry into practice, nursing faculty need to incorporate information technology skills into undergraduate nursing curricula.
Education for Differentiated Role Development for NP and CNS Practice: One Nursing Program's Approach
Authors: Plager Karen A , Conger Margaret M , Craig Carol 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACTDevelopment of nurse care providers who best meet the public's health care needs is imperative. Some nurses believe the functions of nurse practitioners and clinical nurse specialists should be combined. However, the experience of the authors' nursing program argues otherwise. Two graduate nursing tracks, family nurse practitioner and rural health specialist, were developed to meet the health care needs of rural populations. Although the two tracks share expected competencies and areas of expertise to some extent, differences in practice are apparent in identified domains of practice and terminal competencies. Family nurse practitioner practice focuses on assessment, diagnosis, and management of health and illness conditions of individuals and families across the Ufe span. Clinical nurse specialist practice incorporates traditional roles of client assessment, monitoring and coordination of care, outcome assessment, and client, family, and community education, with a new focus on case management strategies. These differences are important to care delivery in the managed care era.
Varying Esotropia-Exotropia
Authors: Metz Henry S , Sterns Gwen 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 20-year old female was found to have an alternating pattern of right esotropia and right exotropia following surgery for a clivus chordoma three years previously. When esotropic, abduction was markedly limited while adduction was full in the right eye. When exotropic, mild limitation of both abduction and adduction was noted.
Horizontal saccadic velocity studies were consistent with the diagnosis of sixth nerve palsy when esotropia was manifest and a Duane's syndrome, type II when exotropia was present.
The etiology of these unusual findings is not well understood.
Habitual Head Turning in Spasmus Nutans: An Oculographic Study
Authors: Chrousos Georgia Antonakou , Reingold Douglas R , Chu Fred C , Cogan David G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Head turning in patients with spasmus nutans seems to transiently dampen the nystagmus. This was evident in two children by clinical observation and electrooculographic recording. The suppression of the nystagmus may have been mediated by the vestibular system.
Weill-Marchesani Syndrome With Bilateral Angle-Closure Glaucoma
Authors: Wright Kenneth W , Chrousos Georgia Antonakou 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
To our knowledge this is the first reported case of cyclopentolate induced bilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma associated with the Weill-Marchesani syndrome without lens subluxation. The diagnosis of Weill-Marchesani syndrome was not initially suspected, and Pilocarpine was used in an attempt to break the acute attack. Treatment with Pilocarpine-induced myosis only worsened the glaucoma by causing a severe pupillary block. This case is important because it demonstrates that mid-dilatation and cycloplegia can induce acute glaucoma in patients with the Weill-Marchesani syndrome and points out the importance for considering the diagnosis of Weill-Marchesani syndrome in any case of acute glaucoma in childhood.
Glycoconjugates, Cellular Differentiation, and Congenital Glaucoma
Authors: Beauchamp George R , Lubeck David , Knepper Paul L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Studies of congenital glaucoma have described and debated the disease process in cellular and structural terms, yet the functional aspects of the disease remain poorly understood. This paper presents an attempt to look at the disease from a different perspective: the role of glycoconjugates and their influence on morphogenesis of the corneoscleral angle. Extracellular and cell-surface complex carbohydrates and trabecular meshwork development were observed in normal C-57 BL/6J mice with light and electron microscopy. Lectin-stained fixed tissues were evaluated by fluorescein light microscopy and with computercontrolled scanning microspectrophotometry. The appearance and type of specific glycoconjugates was related to morphogenesis and differentiation, with specific reference to the development of the trabecular meshwork.
Our results suggest that glycoconjugates are: (1) important in the morphogenesis of the corneoscleral angle, and (2) provide some of the required signals for the differentiation of the cells of the trabecular meshwork. These findings emphasize the possibility that a complex series of morphological and biological events in the normal development of the trabecular meshwork ultimately leads to a functionally competent trabecular meshwork, that is, capaci tation.
Superior Oblique and Inferior Rectus Muscle Injury Following Frontal and Intranasal Sinus Surgery
Authors: Rosenbaum Arthur L , Astle Willinm F 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Chronic inflammatory sinus disease is a common process, sometimes requiring nasal and paranasal sinus surgery. Extraocular muscle dysfunction is a rare surgical complication of sinus surgery, but has been reported. Previous studies have been concerned with trauma to the medial rectus muscle resulting in severe paralysis or restriction.
This study reports five patients with acquired strabismus and symptomatic vertical diplopia secondary to sinus surgery. In all patients, the resultant diplopia was disabling. Four patients had frontal sinus window surgery performed, with incisions placed in the supero-nasal quadrant of the orbit, below the eyebrow (a modified Lynch incision). Three patients acquired a superior oblique paresis and the fourth developed a Brown's syndrome. The location of the skin incision was critical to injury in the trochlear area. The fifth patient underwent a nasal polypectomy and antrostomy with secondary orbital hemorrhage and proptosis. A mild inferior rectus paresis was the result.
Amblyopia Case Reports - Bilateral Hypermetropic Ametropic Amblyopia
Authors: Werner David B , Scott William E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
Six patients are presented with ametropic amblyopia secondary to bilateral hypermetropia. Two patients had a strabismic amblyopia superimposed upon the ametropic amblyopia. All patients had a marked improvement in their visual acuity with the use of constant glass wear only No associated ocular pathology was identified. It is the authors' belief that these patients are seen occasionally in general ophthalmologic practice. The diagnosis and treatment is straightforward; however, the diagnosis can be perplexing and unnecessary referrals and neuro-ophthalmologic investigation can ensue if this entity is not recognized.
The Management of Esotropia With High AC/A Ratio (Convergence Excess)
Authors: Pratt-Johnson J A , Tillson G 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This paper reviews the long-term follow-up of esotropia with a high AC/A ratio defined as an increase of 20Δ or more of the esotropia at near compared with distance with the full optical correction of any refractive error in place.
Ninety-nine patients were studied for an average followup of eight years. Eighty-six achieved fusion but only five achieved central fusion. Forty-five were treated with bifocals. No significant difference in the sensory results were recorded in those patients wearing bifocals compared with those who did not wear bifocals. No patient had miotic therapy for more than a few months. The suppression characteristic of this condition is reviewed.
Endophthalmitis due to Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Appel I , Landman I , Savir H , Elian E 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
A 1-year-old female patient is described who suffered from sepsis and endophthalmitis due to Salmonella typhimurium. This Salmonella species rarely causes septicemic syndrome or focal infection of body organs. As far as we know this is the first case report of endophthalmitis caused by S typhimurium despite its high frequency among Salmonella infections not caused by S typhi.
Clinical Features of Duane's Syndrome
Authors: Raab Edward L 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
This report describes the clinical findings in 70 cases of Duane's retraction syndrome. There were 25 (36%) affected males and 45 (64%) females. Left eye preponderance (67%) was observed and seven (10%) were bilateral. Type 1 cases were the most common (73%), and bilateral cases often were of different types. The features studied were primary position deviation, face turn, anomalous vertical movements, divergence in midline vertical gaze, anisometropia, and amblyopia. Horizontal saccadic velocities in ten patients were confirmatory. The significance of head positions and distance/near alignment comparisons, and the role of case classification and saccadic velocity determination are discussed.
The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Retinoblastoma
Authors: Schulman Joel A , Peyman Gholam A , Mafee Mahmood F , Lawrence Linda , Bauman Alan E , Goldman Arnold , Kurwa Badrudin 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT
We examined a 4-year-old boy who had a painful blind eye, rubeosis iridis, and leukokoria. Ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) detected intraocular calcification and other features suggestive of retinoblastoma. The CT scan showed extraocular extension along the optic nerve. Intracranial extension of the tumor could not be definitely excluded by CT scan with intrathecal metrizamide infusion. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT performed after radiation and chemotherapy were useful in excluding intracranial spread of malignant cells, thereby aiding the selection of a surgical approach to ensure complete removal of the involved portion of the optic nerve.