bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the efficacy and decay of lures for improving carnivore detections with camera traps
Authors: Avrin Alexandra C. , Pekins Charles E. , Sperry Jinelle H. , Allen Maximilian L. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAbundance and occupancy estimates are essential to wildlife research, but are often hampered by limited detections, especially for cryptic species like carnivores. While scientists can account for limited detections during statistical analyses, increasing detections in the field is the best way to reduce uncertainty. Camera traps are an effective, noninvasive method of monitoring wildlife, and using attractants with camera traps can increase the likelihood of detecting carnivores. We tested two scent lures (sardines and fatty acid tablets) against a control of no lure to determine whether either lure increased detections of six carnivore species, bobcat (Lynx rufus), coyote (Canis latrans), gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), raccoon (Procyon lotor), striped skunk (Memphitis memphitis), and ringtail (Bassariscus astutus). We also examined how detection of carnivores was affected as the lure decayed over time. We used occupancy modeling for each species to determine whether either lure increased detection probability. We then modeled how lure decay affected carnivore detections and determined the optimal length of deployment using generalized linear mixed models. Sardines increased detections across all carnivores, but also had a high rate of decay and were no different than the control at day 18. Fatty acid tablets decayed more slowly, but were not significantly different from the control at any point. Among species, detections of gray foxes and raccoons increased with both sardines and fatty acid tablets, while detections of ringtails increased only with sardines, and other species did not respond significantly to either lure. Our analysis shows that lures can increase detections of carnivores, but species‐specific responses and study objectives must be considered when choosing a lure. These results will allow future researchers to improve the accuracy of abundance and occupancy estimates through increased detections of difficult to study species which ultimately leads to better conservation and management of those species.
A new data‐driven riparian revegetation design method
Authors: Bair John H. , Loya Sunny , Powell Brian , Lee James C. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractHydrologic and physical gradients influence vegetation zonation and can form the basis of riparian revegetation design. We present a new data‐driven method to develop riparian revegetation designs by relating the ground height above river (HAR) or a low streamflow water surface as a groundwater proxy to existing vegetation cover types and applying those relationships to design conditions. Steps in the process are as follows: (1) map existing vegetation within the riparian corridor; (2) construct existing and design topographic and groundwater digital elevation models (DEMs), and then difference those DEMs to create a HAR detrended DEM (HAR dtDEM); (3) define existing vegetation habitat zones using the relationship between existing HAR dtDEM and mapped vegetation cover types; (4) apply habitat zone boundaries to detrended design topography; and (5) develop planting schematics using habitat zones and detrended design topography. We developed a revegetation design for a rehabilitation site on the Trinity River, California, using the HAR dtDEM method. We used a data‐driven method to define five habitat zones in riparian areas: aquatic, emergent margin, mesic, mesic–xeric transition, and xeric zones. Zonal boundaries were identified using four criteria: (1) capillary fringe elevation above the low flow water surface, (2) shifts from herbaceous to woody‐dominated cover types, (3) a difference equal to or >0.5 m between two adjacent ranked cover types, and (4) locations where a linear trendline intersected median HAR values or where a group of regression residuals changed from positive to negative or vice versa. The capillary fringe height was the most effective method when determining vegetation zones near the channel. The shift between herbaceous and woody‐dominated cover types defined the boundary between the emergent margin and mesic zone. Elevation increases >0.5 m between adjacent ranked cover types defined the upper and lower mesic–xeric transition zone boundaries best. Comparing linear residuals was most useful for separating drier cover types occurring on higher ground surfaces. Existing habitat zone boundaries were applied to detrended design topography to direct which selected native plant species could be arranged within habitat zones to improve planting survival and increase ecological function following rehabilitation.
Prognostic factors of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a systematic review
Authors: Lu Xiaojia , Li Pengyang , Teng Catherine , Cai Peng , Jin Ling , Li Chenlin , Liu Qi , Pan Su , Dixon Richard A.F. , Wang Bin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTakotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM), characterized by reversible ventricular dysfunction, has similar mortality to acute coronary syndrome. With the growing interest in the diagnosis of and interventions for TCM, many risk factors had been found to affect the prognosis of TCM patients, such as age, sex, and pre‐existing diseases. Because of the incomplete understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanism in TCM, evidence‐based medical therapy for this condition is lacking. Early intervention on risk factors may improve the outcomes of TCM. In this review, we sought to provide up‐to‐date evidence on risk factors and medical therapies that affect TCM outcome. We found that male sex, physical triggers, and certain comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease, malignant disease, higher body mass index, sepsis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and anaemia were associated with poor TCM prognosis. In contrast, race, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus, and mood disorders were not clearly associated with TCM prognosis. We also reviewed the effect of medical therapies on TCM outcome, including angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, β‐blockers, calcium channel blockers, and statins. The evidence that these medications confer a survival benefit on TCM patients is limited. Understanding these prognostic factors could help develop risk‐stratification tools for TCM and establish effective prevention and interventions for this not‐so‐benign condition. Further multicentre clinical studies with large samples and meta‐analyses of findings from previous studies are needed to address the inconsistent findings among the many potential risk factors for TCM.
Effect of the Substituent and Amino Group Position on the Lipase‐Catalyzed Resolution of γ‐Amino Esters: A Molecular Docking Study Shedding Light on Candida antarctica lipase B Enantioselectivity
Authors: Ortega‐Rojas Marina A. , Castillo Edmundo , Razo‐Hernández Rodrigo Said , Pastor Nina , Juaristi Eusebio , Escalante Jaime 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe kinetic resolution of N‐tert‐butoxycarbonyl γ‐amino methyl esters bearing different stereocenters at alpha (γ2), beta (γ3), or gamma (γ4) positions was carried out by enantioselective hydrolysis with Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB) in 2‐methyl‐2‐butanol solvent. The results show that the process is significantly less enantioselective for the γ2‐amino methyl ester (E=2.5), the γ3‐amino methyl ester (E=7.6), and the γ4‐amino methyl ester (E=8.3) when compared with the kinetic resolution of analogous N‐protected β3‐amino esters (E>80). Based on these results, molecular docking studies were carried out, through which particular regions in the CaLB catalytic cavity were analyzed. The steric exclusion region composed of Ile189 and Val190 residues, together with the amino bonding region that induces a hydrogen bond with the Asp134 residue, appear to be responsible for the high selectivity in the resolution of carboxylic acid derivatives with beta stereocenters. This interaction is well preserved for β‐amino esters as substrates. By contrast, γ‐amino esters exhibit greater conformational diversity, so the effectiveness of the interaction is reduced, which apparently is responsible for the loss of enantioselectivity in the resolution process.
Chemical and quality evaluation of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: Influence of strains on flesh nutrition
Authors: Li Xiao , Wang Ying , Li Hongyan , Jiang Xiaodong , Ji Lei , Liu Tianhong , Sun Yuanqin 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, is an important fisheries resource in China. To investigate the differences in nutritional quality among strains, we analyzed and compared the basic muscle nutritional components, amino acid (hydrolyzed and free) compositions, and fatty acid compositions among four L. vannamei strains (Universal, KH‐1, Syaqua, and common). The result showed that under an efficiency aquaculture model, all four strains had high protein (21.1%‐22.3%) and low fat (0.8%‐1.1%). The Universal strain was highest in protein and fat as well as essential amino acid score (147.97). The Syaqua strain had the highest levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (44.88%). The KH‐1 strain had the highest free amino acid content (2.68%), which contributes to the taste. Our findings revealed that strain‐specific variability exists in chemical composition of the shrimp L. vannamei under controlled condition, which may provide buying reference for consumers.
The Science Writing of Deaf Developing Bilinguals
Authors: Scott Jessica , Dostal Hannah , Gabriel Rachael , Graham Shannon 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDisciplinary literacy (DL) is an important facet of adolescent literacy development. However, for adolescents who struggle with literacy, opportunities to engage with DL and advanced concepts are often withheld in favor of focus on basic skills. Deaf or hard‐of‐hearing (dhh) children, for example, are at a higher risk for experiencing language deprivation due to limited access to language. Rather than waiting to introduce DL skills and advanced content, literacy skills can be taught within disciplinary contexts using tools that draw attention to students’ language and literacy needs. As an illustration, science writing of dhh adolescents was evaluated by individuals in deaf‐related fields and science‐related fields. This has implications for teachers of language learners, especially those who are dhh. For example, the students’ writing demonstrated that though these students are still developing their knowledge of English, they are using a number of features of DL to demonstrate their content knowledge.
The selection and identification of compound housekeeping genes for quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis in rat fetal kidney
Authors: Zhao Xiaoqi , Chen Haiyun , Zhu Yanan , Liu Yi , Gao Lili , Wang Hui , Ao Ying 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDuring quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) data analysis, the selection of optimal housekeeping gene is necessary to ensure the accuracy of results. It is noteworthy that housekeeping genes commonly used in adult studies may not be applicable for fetus. However, the stability analysis of housekeeping gene in fetal kidney has not been reported. This study intends to screen the applicable compound housekeeping genes in rat fetal kidney. In this study, eight housekeeping genes used in kidney studies based on literature reports (GAPDH, ACTB, 18S, HPRT, YWHAZ, HMBS, PPIA, and TBP) were selected as the research object. Their expression levels in the rat fetal kidney in physiological condition and the intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) model induced by prenatal dexamethasone exposure (PDE) (0.2 mg/kg·day from gestation Days 9 to 20) was measured. Furthermore, these eight housekeeping genes were used to conduct relative quantitative analysis of nephrin expression in the fetal kidney in PDE‐induced IUGR model, to compare the influence of choosing different housekeeping gene on data analysis of nephrin expression and to verify the reliability of selected compound housekeeping genes. In this study, stable housekeeping genes of fetal kidney tissues in PDE‐induced IUGR model were identified: ACTB, GAPDH, TBP, and HMBS for males; ACTB, YWHAZ, and GAPDH for females. Besides, our results suggest that ACTB + GAPDH were the best compound housekeeping genes for normalization analysis in male fetal kidney studies, and ACTB + YWHAZ in females. This study will provide an experimental evidence basis for the selection of housekeeping genes in the RT‐qPCR experiment in renal development toxicology‐related models.
A collagen‐silica‐based biocomposite for potential application in bone tissue engineering
Authors: Alvarez Echazú María , Renou Sandra , Alvarez Gisela , Desimone Martin , Olmedo Daniel 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBone is a hierarchical material that has inspired the design of biopolymer‐derived biocomposites for tissue engineering purposes. The present study sought to synthesize and perform the physicochemical characterization and biocompatibility of a collagen‐silica‐based biocomposite for potential application in bone tissue engineering. Ultrastructure, biodegradability, swelling behavior, and biocompatibility properties were analyzed to gain insight into the advantages and limitations to the use of this biomaterial as a bone substitute. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a packed‐collagen fibril matrix and silica particles in the biocomposite three‐dimensional structure. As shown by analysis of in vitro swelling behavior and biodegradability, it would seem that the material swelled soon after implantation and then suffered degradation. Biocompatibility properties were analyzed in vivo 14‐days postimplantation using an experimental model in Wistar rats. The biocomposite was placed inside the hematopoietic bone marrow compartment of both tibiae (n = 16). Newly formed woven bone was observed in response to both materials. Unlike the pure‐collagen‐tissue interface, extensive areas of osseointegration were observed at the biocomposite‐tissue interface, which would indicate that silica particles stimulated new bone formation. Agglomerates of finely particulate material with no inflammatory infiltrate or multinucleated giant cells were observed in the bone marrow implanted with the biocomposite. The biocomposite showed good biocompatibility properties. Further studies are necessary to evaluate their biological behavior over time.
Femtosecond relaxation dynamics of two‐dimensional BiOI nanoplatelets as efficient photocatalysts
Authors: Bhosale Atul H. , Narra Sudhakar , Bhosale Sumit S. , Liao Po‐Sen , Ohta Nobuhiro , Diau Eric Wei‐Guang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe structural and optical properties of pristine and photoactivated surfaces of facet [001] of 2D BiOI nanoplatelet powders synthesized with an antisolvent method were studied using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), a scanning electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), visible–near infrared (vis–NIR) absorption, and transient absorption spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized BiOI nanoplatelets possessed a tetragonal structure with length 200–400 nm and thickness less than 50 nm. XRD analysis showed that the photoactivation did not affect the crystal structure. In contrast, the XPS analysis showed vacancies associated with elements Bi, I, and O. The band gaps estimated from the diffuse reflectance spectra of pristine and photoactivated samples are 1.83 and 1.80 eV, respectively. Femtosecond transient‐absorption spectra measured in the vis–NIR (2.25–0.9 eV) region showed photobleach bands associated with the band edge, shallow trap, and deep trap states. A global fit of the transient spectral profiles showed that all bands decay synchronously for both pristine and photoactivated samples, but the photoactivated samples showed a greater magnitude of carrier‐carrier annihilation following photoexcitation due to photodoping caused by defects. A carrier‐relaxation model involving thermal equilibrium between band‐edge, shallow, and deep trap states is proposed to explain the synchronous decay of all bands.
Comparison of inhibitory effects of irreversible and reversible Btk inhibitors on platelet function
Authors: Tullemans Bibian M.E. , Karel Mieke F.A. , Léopold Valentine , ten Brink Marieke S. , Baaten Constance C.F.M.J. , Maas Sanne L. , de Vos Alex F. , Eble Johannes A. , Nijziel Marten R. , van der Vorst Emiel P.C. , Cosemans Judith M.E.M. , Heemskerk Johan W.M. , Claushuis Theodora A.M. , Kuijpers Marijke J.E. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAll irreversible Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitors including ibrutinib and acalabrutinib induce platelet dysfunction and increased bleeding risk. New reversible Btk inhibitors were developed, like MK‐1026. The mechanism underlying increased bleeding tendency with Btk inhibitors remains unclear. We investigated the effects of ibrutinib, acalabrutinib and MK‐1026 on platelet function in healthy volunteers, patients and Btk‐deficient mice, together with off‐target effects on tyrosine kinase phosphorylation. All inhibitors suppressed GPVI‐ and CLEC‐2‐mediated platelet aggregation, activation and secretion in a dose‐dependent manner. Only ibrutinib inhibited thrombus formation on vWF‐co‐coated surfaces, while on collagen this was not affected. In blood from Btk‐deficient mice, collagen‐induced thrombus formation under flow was reduced, but preincubation with either inhibitor was without additional effects. MK‐1026 showed less off‐target effects upon GPVI‐induced TK phosphorylation as compared to ibrutinib and acalabrutinib. In ibrutinib‐treated patients, GPVI‐stimulated platelet activation, and adhesion on vWF‐co‐coated surfaces were inhibited, while CLEC‐2 stimulation induced variable responses. The dual inhibition of GPVI and CLEC‐2 signalling by Btk inhibitors might account for the increased bleeding tendency, with ibrutinib causing more high‐grade bleedings due to additional inhibition of platelet‐vWF interaction. As MK‐1026 showed less off‐target effects and only affected activation of isolated platelets, it might be promising for future treatment.
Use of integrated metabolomics, transcriptomics, and signal protein profile to characterize the effector function and associated metabotype of polarized macrophage phenotypes
Authors: Anders Catherine B , Lawton Tyler MW , Smith Hannah L , Garret Jamie , Doucette Margaret M , Ammons Mary Cloud B 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMΦs display remarkable plasticity and the ability to activate diverse responses to a host of intracellular and external stimuli. Despite extensive characterization of M1 MΦs and a broad set of M2 MΦs, comprehensive characterization of functional phenotype and associated metabotype driving this diverse MΦ activation remains. Herein, an ex vivo model was utilized to produce 6 MΦ functional phenotypes. Isolated CD14+ PBMCs were differentiated into resting M0 MΦs, and then polarized into M1 (IFN-γ/LPS), M2a (IL-4/IL-13), M2b (IC/LPS), M2c (IL-10), and M2d (IL-6/LIF) MΦs. The MΦs were profiled using a bioanalyte matrix of 4 cell surface markers, ∼50 secreted proteins, ∼800 expressed myeloid genes, and ∼450 identified metabolites relative to M0 MΦs. Signal protein and expressed gene profiles grouped the MΦs into inflammatory (M1 and M2b) and wound resolution (M2a, M2c, and M2d) phenotypes; however, each had a unique metabolic profile. While both M1 and M2b MΦs shared metabotype profiles consistent with an inflammatory signature; key differences were observed in the TCA cycle, FAO, and OXPHOS. Additionally, M2a, M2c, and M2d MΦs all profiled as tissue repair MΦs; however, metabotype differences were observed in multiple pathways including hexosamine, polyamine, and fatty acid metabolism. These metabolic and other key functional distinctions suggest phagocytic and proliferative functions for M2a MΦs, and angiogenesis and ECM assembly capabilities for M2b, M2c, and M2d MΦs. By integrating metabolomics into a systems analysis of MΦ phenotypes, we provide the most comprehensive map of MΦ diversity to date, along with the global metabolic shifts that correlate to MΦ functional plasticity in these phenotypes.
Intra‐His bundle block with Wenckebach phenomenon
Authors: Kumar Sharath , Thomas Garry , Newman David , Crystal Eugene , Lashevsky Ilan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA 66‐year‐old lady presented with shortness of breath and a Wenckebach atrioventricular (AV) conduction pattern on the ECG. The electrophysiologic study showed split‐His potentials and intra‐Hisian Wenckebach. The case highlights the interesting finding of Wenckebach conduction in the His bundle.
Preparation and Characterization of Alpha Gel Formed by Fatty Alcohol and Amino Acid Surfactants
Authors: Ren Hui , Tang Xiaoqin , Chen Minghua 
Published: August 2021

Abstractα‐Gel, as a specific lamellar liquid crystal structure, presents unique parameters and attracts broad interest. However, conventional formation of α‐gel involves surfactants that have a long alkyl chain (more than 14 carbons), resulted in limited application into personal care products due to their low Krafft temperature. In this study, a simple way to generate α‐gel was developed using sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, an amino‐acid‐based surfactant containing an alkyl chain with less than 12 carbons. The desired structure was analyzed and discussed. The method, when extended to other amino acid‐based surfactants, gave positive results.
Determination of polyhalogenated carbazoles in waters at low nanogram‐per‐liter concentrations with solid‐phase disk extraction
Authors: Hu Hongmei , Zhao Meirong , Jin Hangbiao 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPolyhalogenated carbazoles, a class of emerging contaminants with persistence and dioxin‐like toxicity, have received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, a simple, rapid, sensitive, and high throughput method based on solid‐phase disk extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was described for the determination of polyhalogenated carbazoles in low nanogram‐per‐liter range in water samples. The proposed solid‐phase disk extraction method was initially optimized, and the optimum experimental conditions found were 1 L water sample (pH 6‐9) extracted and enriched by Empore 3‐stn octadecyl disk at flow rate of 5 to 50 mL/min and eluted by 5 mL of acetone and 3 × 10 mL methylene dichloride. The linearity of the method ranged from 0.2 to 50 ng/L for carbazole and 11 polyhalogenated carbazoles, with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9951 to 0.9996. The limits of detection were in the low nanogram per liter level, ranging from 0.018 to 0.12 ng/L. Finally, the optimized method was applied for determining trace levels of carbazole and 11 polyhalogenated carbazoles in tap water and seawater samples with good recovery of 86.6–112.8%. Carbazole and 3–7 polyhalogenated carbazoles were detected, and 3,6‐dichlorocarbazole was the predominant congener both in tap water and seawater.