bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrapleural use of urokinase and DNase in pleural infections managed with repeated thoracentesis: A comparative cohort study
Authors: Luque Paz David , Bayeh Betsega , Chauvin Pierre , Poizeau Florence , Lederlin Mathieu , Kerjouan Mallorie , Lefevre Charles , de Latour Bertrand , Letheulle Julien , Tattevin Pierre , Jouneau Stéphane 
Published: September 2021

IntroductionEvacuation of infected fluid in pleural infections is essential. To date, the use of an intrapleural fibrinolytic agent such as urokinase and DNase has not yet been assessed in infections managed by repeated therapeutic thoracentesis (RTT).MethodsWe performed a retrospective comparative study of two successive cohorts of consecutive patients with pleural infections from 2001 to 2018. Between 2001 and 2010, patients had RTT with intrapleural urokinase (RTT-U). After 2011, patients received intrapleural urokinase and DNase with RTT (RTT-UD). Data were collected through a standardized questionnaire.ResultsOne hundred and thirty-three patients were included: 93 were men and the mean age was 59 years (standard deviation 17.2). Eighty-one patients were treated with a combination of intrapleural urokinase and DNase, and 52 were treated with intrapleural urokinase only. In the RTT-UD, RTT failure occurred in 14 patients (17%) compared to 10 (19%) in the RTT-U group (P= 0.82). There was no difference between the two groups in intensive care unit admission, surgical referrals or in-hospital mortality. RTT-UD was associated with faster time to apyrexia (aOR = 0.51, 95%CI [0.37–0.72]), a reduced length of hospital stay (aOR = 0.61, 95%CI [0.52–0.73]) and a higher volume of total pleural fluid retrieved (aOR = 1.38, 95%CI [1.02–1.88]). Complications were rare with only one hemothorax in the RTT-UD group and no pneumothorax requiring drainage in either group.ConclusionCompared to urokinase only, intrapleural use of urokinase and DNase in RTT was associated with quicker defervescence, shorter hospital stay and increased volumes of pleural fluid drained. Randomized controlled trials evaluating urokinase and DNase with RTT technique would be required to confirm these results.
Hepatitis B vaccination status and associated factors among students of medicine and health sciences in Wolkite University, Southwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Haile Kassahun , Timerga Abebe , Mose Ayenew , Mekonnen Zebene 
Published: September 2021

Background
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant global public health problem. Health care providers and medical students in developing countries including Ethiopia are at an increased risk of contracting HBV due to the high burden of this infection. The most effective way of prevention against HBV infection is vaccination of health care providers. However, there is a paucity of data on the HBV vaccination coverage among students of health science in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine HBV vaccination coverage and associated factors, level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards HBV among students of medicine and health science at Wolkite University.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at Wolkite University among 417 study participants from November to December 2020. The study participants were recruited by using a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS version 21. A binary logistic regression model was used to determine the factors associated with full-dose vaccination status. Statistical significance was set at P-value <0.05.

Results
Out of the 417 study participants, 5.8% (95%CI: 3.8–7.9) received a full-dose of the HBV vaccine in this study. Unavailability and high cost of the vaccine were frequently mentioned reasons for not being vaccinated against HBV. About 73.6%, 36.2%, and 47% of participants had good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practices towards HBV, respectively. Being male gender (AOR: 8.8; 95%CI: 2.9–27), rural residence (AOR: 3.6; 95%CI:1.2–10.6), positive attitude (AOR: 0.44; 95%CI: 0.1–1.1), good practice (AOR: 0.17; 95%CI: 0.05–0.5), medicine department (AOR: 5.9; 95%CI: 1.2–29), being second-year student (AOR: 11.7; 95%CI: 2.7–50.9), third-year student (AOR: 19; 95%CI: 4.25–45), and fourth-year student (AOR: 27; 95%CI: 5.8–56) were significantly associated factors with full-dose vaccination status.

Conclusion
Our study revealed that only small proportions (5.8%) of study participants received full-dose HBV vaccination. Vaccinations of students before starting clinical attachments, provisions of training for students on infection prevention mechanism and universal precautions particularly on HBV, increasing the uptake of the HBV vaccine, creating awareness on attitude and practice of students towards HBV to enhance uptake of the vaccine are recommended.
Manuele Crisolora a Costantinopoli
Authors: Acerbi Fabio , Bianconi Daniele , Gioffreda Anna 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The identification of a “new” handwriting of Manuel Chrysoloras allows to assign to him a number of hitherto unpublished witnesses, all preceding his teaching activity in Florence from 1397. This new dossier illustrates Chrysoloras’ youth in Constantinople, providing precious and so far unknown information on his family, his father John, his studies in the anti-Palamite milieux with Isaac Argyros and Demetrios Kydones, and, of course, his books, his graphic education, and his readings. Among these, a special place is occupied by Aristotle’s logic: particular attention is therefore paid to a mock-up of a manuscript containing Aristotle’s Organon with a marginal commentary, here attributed to Chrysoloras and realized in a well-known manuscript by his master Argyros.
Der Islam-Diskurs bei Niketas von Byzanz
Authors: Ulbricht Manolis 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The article analyzes the anti-Islamic polemical discourse of Nicetas of Byzantium (9th/10th c.), one of the most important Byzantine apologists and polemicists flourishing in the intellectual-theological context of Patriarch Photios in Constantinople. This paper crystallizes the main topics of discussion in Nicetas’ Refutation of the Qur’an (Vat. gr. 681) and presents his argumentation against Islam.To structure and evaluate the wayNicetas perceives Islam, I have developed a methodology of four thematic categories (Theology, Ethics, History, Physiology) with correspondent polemical subcategories. This research approach may also serve as a paradigm enhancing further studies on other sources related to Christian-Muslim interfaith dialogue.
Towards Harmonised Frameworks for the Liquidation of Non-Systemically Relevant Credit Institutions in the EU?
Authors: Binder Jens-Hinrich 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

As part of its ongoing consultation on the European crisis management and deposit insurance framework currently available for the management of bank failures within the EU generally and the Banking Union in particular, the European Commission has called for the respondents’ views as to the need for further harmonisation of resolution arrangements for banks that currently do not qualify for resolution under the auspices of the Single Resolution Mechanism. In this respect, the consultation takes up a broader discussion on the need for harmonised bank insolvency regimes within the EU, which also ties in with an earlier international debate on the functional characteristics of optimal bank insolvency regimes initiated by international standard setters in the early 2000s. Against this backdrop, the paper analyses the case for further reform, and identifies potential impediments (both technical and political) to be expected in this regard. It argues that, while a full harmonisation of resolution powers and the centralisation of decision-making powers can be expected to address relevant concerns regarding the status quo, a comprehensive harmonisation can also be expected to meet with substantial political opposition, which in turn requires a better understanding of the functional requirements to be met by less ambitious reforms.
Geochemical and petrographic characteristics of sediments along the transboundary (Kenya–Tanzania) Umba River as indicators of provenance and weathering
Authors: Kimeli Amon , Ocholla Oliver , Okello Judith , Koedam Nico , Westphal Hildegard , Kairo James 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The Umba River basin is one of the smaller-scale hydrological basins in the East African region. It traverses two countries, with its catchment in the Usambara mountains in Tanzania, while it drains its waters to the Indian Ocean in Vanga, Kenya. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the riverbank and bottom sediments of the Umba River were analyzed and evaluated to describe their source characteristics and provenance. The dominant minerals include quartz, K-feldspars, plagioclase, hornblende, pyroxenes, muscovite, biotite, and likely presence of clays such as kaolinite. The chemical index of alteration of the sediments indicate a moderate to high degree of alteration. They reflect a dominant mafic to intermediate igneous provenance consistent with the geology of the Umba River catchment that is characterized by the outcrops of the granitic Precambrian basement and the quartz-dominated Paleozoic Karoo Supergroup, overlain by Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments dominated by both mafic and felsic minerals. The similarity of the chemical and mineralogical compositions of the Umba River sediments from source to mouth further indicates a uniform source in the upper course of the river and only subordinate contributions from the lower course where it passes the Karoo and the younger sediments.
A novel approach to increase the share of renewable purchase obligation for planning of distribution network including grid scale energy storage
Authors: Bhadoriya Jitendra Singh , Gupta Atma Ram 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In recent times, producing electricity with lower carbon emissions has resulted in strong clean energy incorporation into the distribution network. The technical development of weather-driven renewable distributed generation units, the global approach to reducing pollution emissions, and the potential for independent power producers to engage in distribution network planning (DNP) based on the participation in the increasing share of renewable purchasing obligation (RPO) are some of the essential reasons for including renewable-based distributed generation (RBDG) as an expansion investment. The Grid-Scale Energy Storage System (GSESS) is proposed as a promising solution in the literature to boost the energy storage accompanied by RBDG and also to increase power generation. In this respect, the technological, economic, and environmental evaluation of the expansion of RBDG concerning the RPO is formulated in the objective function. Therefore, a novel approach to modeling the composite DNP problem in the regulated power system is proposed in this paper. The goal is to increase the allocation of PVDG, WTDG, and GSESS in DNP to improve the quicker retirement of the fossil fuel-based power plant to increase total profits for the distribution network operator (DNO), and improve the voltage deviation, reduce carbon emissions over a defined planning period. The increment in RPO and decrement in the power purchase agreement will help DNO to fulfill round-the-clock supply for all classes of consumers. A recently developed new metaheuristic transient search optimization (TSO) based on electrical storage elements’ stimulation behavior is implemented to find the optimal solution for multi-objective function. The balance between the exploration and exploitation capability makes the TSO suitable for the proposed power flow problem with PVDG, WTDG, and GSESS. For this research, the IEEE-33 and IEEE-69 low and medium bus distribution networks are considered under a defined load growth for planning duration with the distinct load demand models’ aggregation. The findings of the results after comparing with well-known optimization techniques DE and PSO confirm the feasibility of the method suggested.
Synthetic plasmonic lattice formation through invariant frequency comb excitation in graphene structures
Authors: Jalali-Mola Zahra , Asgarnezhad-Zorgabad Saeid 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Nonlinear surface-plasmon polaritons (NSPPs) in nanophotonic waveguides excite with dissimilar temporal properties due to input field modifications and material characteristics, but they possess similar nonlinear spectral evolution. In this work, we uncover the origin of this similarity and establish that the spectral dynamics is an inherent property of the system that depends on the synthetic dimension and is beyond waveguide geometrical dimensionality. To this aim, we design an ultralow loss nonlinear plasmonic waveguide, to establish the invariance of the surface plasmonic frequency combs (FCs) and phase singularities for plasmonic peregrine waves and Akhmediev breather. By finely tuning the nonlinear coefficient of the interaction interface, we uncover the conservation conditions through this plasmonic system and use the mean-value evolution of the quantum NSPP field commensurate with the Schrödinger equation to evaluate spectral dynamics of the plasmonic FCs (PFCs). Through providing suppressed interface losses and modified nonlinearity as dual requirements for conservative conditions, we propose exciting PFCs as equally spaced invariant quantities of this plasmonic scheme and prove that the spectral dynamics of the NSPPs within the interaction interface yields the formation of plasmonic analog of the synthetic photonic lattice, which we termed synthetic plasmonic lattice (SPL).
The aerothermodynamic cycle optimal design of a turbofan engine
Authors: Chen Ming , Chen Boyang , Zhang Haibo 
Published: September 2021

AbstractTo ensure that the aerothermodynamic cycle design of a turbofan engine is more accurate, efficient, and provide a reliable decision-making basis for engine designers, the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) method was used to optimize the aerothermodynamic performance parameters of the turbofan engine at multiple design points (MDPs). Fuel consumption rate and the specific thrust were considered as optimization targets. The thrust requirements and cycle parameter constraints under each working state were comprehensively considered to obtain the optimal performance boundary of the engine, the corresponding cycle parameters, and the correlations between different requirements and constraints. The results showed that the MOPSO algorithm could accurately and completely obtain the optimal performance boundary surface of the engine in the feasible region and the corresponding cycle parameter value. The feasible region obtained by the aerothermodynamic cycle design at MDPs was more accurate and effective than the design at a single design point.
How demography affects asset characteristics in Hungary
Authors: Posza Alexandra , Csapi Vivien 
Published: September 2021

THE AIMS OF THE PAPER
The population factor in general influences most of the global megatrends. While it was considered one of the major driving forces for economicgrowth in the 20th century, it has become the greatest risk factor for the socio-economic landscape. Hungary is experiencing one of the fastest demographic transitions in Europe. Due to the continued extension of longevity and the steep decline in fertility rate, the size and percentage of theelderly population (i.e., aged 65 and above) rapidly increased during the last decades. The paper aims to examine whether population ageing has an effect on asset prices in Hungary.
METHODOLOGY
The life cycle theory for Hungary was applied while exploring the quantitative link between population structures and asset prices, particularly onstock and bonds. In this study, the relationship between Hungary’s demographic characteristics and asset class returns will be examined by reviewing previous academic and policy studies through conducting a regression analysis of bond yields and P/E ratio of BUX Index related to demographic variables.
MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS
The connection between stock prices and demographic trends is impacted by the life cycle theory of asset accumulation/decumulation and portfolio choice. In Hungary, the younger adults between 36 and 45, and the classic middle-aged individuals are in their peak savings years and invest heavily in stocks, driving up stock prices. The old-aged individuals decumulate assets and sell stocks to finance their retirement, depressing stock prices. In addition, the investors become more risk-averse and prefer fewer holdings of stocks as they grow older. The Middle/Old ratio and the BUX P/E ratio have a strong positive correlation during the period 1995-2020. The bond yields show a similar connection with the Yuppie/Nerd ratio. The results of demographic variables predicting bond-yields are strong and proving the international patterns.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The paper highlighted that the demographic variables are not only appropriate for socio-demographic analysis since the members of the different age groups have their own consumption, saving and investing characteristics that can have an impact on the asset prices besides other commonly usedparameters.
Acknowledgements: This article was supported by EFOP­3.6.1­16­2016­00004 that has been entitled ‘Comprehensive developments at the University of Pécs for smart specialization’. (Project element ‘Decision­making at older ages’, topic no. 11)
Paleografía musical en el ámbito brasileño: paradigmas, problemas y avances
Authors: Sotuyo Blanco Pablo 
Published: September 2021

El presente texto presenta un panorama del estado del arte de la paleografía musical en Brasil, sus paradigmas y problemas, documentales, conceptuales y terminológicos, entre los más destacados. También considera, a través de una revisión bibliográfica selectiva, sus autores más relevantes, sus relaciones y sus avances, destacando aquellos en los que las aproximaciones multidisciplinarias, en particular las relacionadas con la diplomática, documentación y archivología aplicadas al patrimonio documental musical. Finalmente, considera estos aportes en el ámbito brasileño, tanto en su comunidad científica, las industrias que alimenta y el ambiente cultural en general.
Prevalence of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance genes among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates in Egypt
Authors: Elsheredy Amel , Elsheikh Azza , Ghazal Abeer , Shawky Sherine 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an important multidrug resistant nosocomial pathogen. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is considered the drug of choice for treatment of S. maltophilia infections, thus emerging resistance to TMP/SMX poses a serious threat. In the present study we aimed to investigate the frequency of TMP/SMX resistance genes (sul1, sul2, dfrA), and to evaluate their relatedness with integron 1 (int1), and insertion sequence common regions (ISCR) among 100 S. maltophilia from different clinical isolates in Egypt. Isolates were identified biochemically and confirmed by VITEK2. Detection of sul1, sul2, and dfrA genes, int1 and ISCR elements was performed by PCR. Among the 16 TMP/SMX resistant isolates, sul1 gene was detected in all of them, and it was associated with int1 gene presence in all resistant isolates. The sul2 gene was detected in 6 out of 16 resistant isolates (37.5%), and only 2 of the 16 resistant isolates (12.5%) harboured dfrA gene. ISCR was detected in 10 of the resistant isolates (62.5%) and in 4 of them it was associated with the presence of sul2 gene. Among the 84 TMP/SMX sensitive isolates, sul1 gene was detected in 15 (17.8%), int1 in 16 (19%) and ISCR in 6 (7.1%). None of the susceptible isolates had sul2 or dfrA genes. These findings point out an increasing frequency of TMP/SMX resistance genes among S. maltophilia clinical isolates in our region, so the adoption of prudent use of S. maltophilia antimicrobial agents and the establishment of a surveillance system are desperately needed.
TÜRKİYE’DE 1923-1945 DÖNEMİNDE UYGULANAN ORMAN POLİTİKALARI
Authors: POLATOĞLU Mehmed Gökhan 
Published: September 2021

Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Millî Mücadele yıllarından itibaren Türkiye’nin her alanda ilerlemesi için etkin bir faaliyet içerisinde bulundu. Bu kapsamda, yer üstü servetleri olarak nitelediği ormanlara ayrı bir önem verdi. Ülkede ormana dair bir bilincin ve kültürün oluşturulması için bizzat gayret sarf etti. Hükümete verdiği talimatlar neticesinde henüz Millî Mücadele devam ederken 1920-1921 sürecinde çeşitli orman yasaları yayımlandı. 1923-1937 dönemindeki çalışmalar ile yabancı uzmanların kontrolünde bir orman planlaması ve teşkilatlanması gerçekleştirildi. Yasa tasarıları ve raporlar hazırlandı. Mevcut ormanların korunması ve yeni ormanlık alanların oluşturulması için bilimsel çalışmalar yapıldı. Teknik elaman ve personelin yetiştirilmesi amacıyla okullar açıldı.
Türkiye’de ormancılık üzerine özellikle 1937’den itibaren kapsamlı çalışmalar gerçekleştirildi. Şehirlerde, Orman Müdürlükleri ve ormanlık alanlarda Orman Bölge Şeflikleri kuruldu. Orman işleri ve işletmeleri, Orman Genel Müdürlüğü’nün kontrolünde faaliyetlerini sürdürmeye başladı. Devlete ait olmayan ormanlar, Orman İdaresi’nin kontrolüne alındı. Ağaçlandırma faaliyetleri kapsamında fidanlıklar kuruldu. 1939’da Orman İşletme Yönetmeliği yayımlandı. Böylece, Devlet Orman İşletmelerinin kurulmasının önü açıldı.
İkinci Dünya Savaşı yıllarında (1939-1945) orman ürünlerine olan iç talebin armasına bağlı olarak, orman işletmeciliğinin geliştirilmesi sağlandı. Birçok yerde orman revirleri açıldı. Orman varlığının arttırılması, geliştirilmesi ve korunması amacıyla 1945’te bazı istisnalar dışında tüm ormanlar devletleştirildi. Bu çalışma ile Cumhuriyet Dönemi’nde ormancılık üzerine gerçekleştirilen faaliyetler, bilimsel yöntem ve veriler ışığında ele alınarak değerlendirilmiştir.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ONLINE FOREIGN LANGUAGE COURSE – THE EXPERIENCE OF THE BELL PROJECT
Authors: Opincāne Mārīte , Laganovska Karīne , Kurbajeva Iryna 
Published: September 2021

Online acquisition of the foreign language has become particularly important lately, especially during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. In the framework of The European Union Capacity Building project “Enhancement of Lifelong Learning in Belarus” (https://bell-iln.by/en/) the online English course has been developed and implemented. The article summarises the professional experience of three parties. The main aim of this paper is to reflect the factors, which are essential for the development of an online foreign language course for adults. The following methods were used while doing the research: survey data analysis of project English language course’s target audience and the qualitative analysis of the data content. A questionnaire of the course participants was developed and carried out, the answers were processed. The project experience was analysed, conclusions were drawn and the proposals for future work were worked out.