bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catch-up HPV Vaccination and Subsequent Uptake of Papanicolaou Testing in A State-mandated Health System
Authors: Chodick Gabriel , Leader Amy E. , Larson Sharon 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and uptake of initial Papanicolaou (Pap) testing in Israel among women not previously vaccinated through the national immunization program. In this retrospective cohort we used health provider records of vaccinations and cancer screening attendance among female members of a state-mandated health provider in Israel (Maccabi Healthcare Services, MHS). All eligible female members (N = 20,904) immunized with at least one dose of HPV vaccine from the date of its introduction in Israel (June 2007) until December 31, 2018 were individually matched with nonvaccinated MHS members on one to one ratio by year of birth, residential area socioeconomic level, and district of residence. Data on the uptake of Pap smears until December 2018 were extracted from MHS central datasets, and the number of Pap smears for each woman during the study period was counted. During the observed follow-up period (mean, 6.6 years; interquartile range, 3.9–8.7 year), the cumulative uptake rate of Pap testing in vaccinated women (26.8%) was significantly (P &lt; 0.001) greater than among unvaccinated (22.4%) women. In a multivariable model, HPV vaccination was associated with an HR of 1.34 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29–1.41] to perform Pap testing. Our findings suggest that uptake of catch-up HPV vaccine was positively correlated to increased uptake of Pap testing.

Prevention Relevance:
We found that catch-up HPV vaccination was associated with increased attention to long-term cervical screening attendance. Whereas, those who are not vaccinated and unprotected from HPV, are more likely to abstain from secondary prevention screening tests too and further increase their cervical cancer risk.
A Political Constitution for the Pluralist World Society?
Authors: Habermas Jürgen 
Published: March 2021

The chances of the project of a “cosmopolitan order” being successful are not worse now than they were in 1945 or in 1989–1990.This does not mean that the chances are good, but we should not lose sight of the scale of things. The Kantian project first became part of the political agenda with the League of Nations, in other words after more than 200 years; and the idea of a cosmopolitan order first received a lasting embodiment with the foundation of the United Nations (UN). This process points toward a continuation of the Kantian project. We can still take our cue from Kant’s idea of a cosmopolitan condition if we simply construe it in sufficiently abstract terms. I wish to show first of all why I consider the Kantian alternative between a world of republic and a league of nations to be incomplete (section I) and will then go on to outline how we can reconceptualize the Kantian project under contemporary conditions (section II).And I shall close by addressing an actual challenge to which that project might well offer the most promising response (section III).
Due to the author was not reachable, this journal has composed the Abstract with Editor-in-Chief’s instruction.
Further data on Iranian marine nematode diversity, with description of three new Desmodoridae Filipjev, 1922 (Nematoda: Desmodorida) species from the Persian Gulf
Authors: Gharahkhani Azadeh , Pourjam Ebrahim , Leduc Daniel , Pedram Majid 
Published: March 2021

Summary
The Desmodoridae is a diverse and widespread family of free-living nematodes. Here, we provide the first record of the group in the Persian Gulf and describe three new species: Metachromadoroides sinuspersici sp. n., Zalonema iranicum sp. n. and Z. supplementorum sp. n. Metachromadoroides sinuspersici sp. n. is characterised by finely annulated cuticle, short and stout cephalic sensilla, amphidial fovea on cuticular thickening, pharyngeal bulb well developed and partitioned into three sections, absence of precloacal supplements, and presence of 6-8 pairs of rounded postcloacal papillae. Zalonema iranicum sp. n. is characterised by papilliform subcephalic sensilla (best observed with SEM), convex cephalic capsule, large multispiral amphidial fovea with 4-5 turns in both males and females, buccal cavity with one ventrosublateral and two dorsal teeth and posterior body of males with lateral alae extending from the last third of the body to the cloacal aperture and ventral alae extending 1395-2250 μm anterior to the cloacal aperture, and no precloacal supplements. Zalonema supplementorum sp. n. is characterised by four subcephalic sensilla 1-2 μm long, multispiral amphidial fovea with three turns in both males and females, buccal cavity with one dorsal and two ventrosublateral teeth, males with lateral alae present on each side of body from posterior half of body to cloacal aperture, ventral alae extending 942-1257 μm anterior to cloacal aperture, strongly cuticularised spicules 41-43 μm long, and 12-16 precloacal supplements. Near full length SSU and partial D2-D3 LSU sequences are provided for M. sinuspersici sp. n. and Z. iranicum sp. n., and the COI sequence is provided for Z. iranicum. The SSU phylogeny suggests a close relationship between M. sinuspersici sp. n. and Metachromadora and Metachromadoroides species and the monophyly of Zalonema (after currently available data). The LSU phylogeny suggests an affinity between Metachromadoroides and Zalonema with Spirinia and Acanthopharynx, respectively.
Nematode isolation from nitidulid beetles with proposal of Sheraphelenchus heterophallus n. comb.
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi 
Published: March 2021

Summary
The nematode associations of two nitidulid beetles, Epuraea ocularis and Lasiodactylus pictus, and their habitat (substrate) were examined in an experimental stand in Kyoto, Japan. Beetles were collected in October 2020 using banana traps. Molecular and morphological identification recognised two nematode species: Sheraphelenchus sucus and Chylorhabditis epuraeae. Sheraphelenchus sucus was isolated exclusively from E. ocularis, while C. epuraeae was isolated from both beetle species. Dauer juveniles (DJ) of S. sucus were isolated from the substrate, rotten banana. The typological characters of S. sucus DJ are illustrated and photo-documented, and S. heterophallus n. comb. (= Aphelenchoides heterophallus Steiner, 1934 and Parasitaphelenchus heterophallus (Steiner, 1934) Rühm, 1956), recognised during a literature survey, is proposed.
Description of Ironus telperionensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Ironidae) and two known species of Chronogaster (Nematoda: Chronogastridae) and Paraphanolaimus (Nematoda: Aphanolaimidae) from the Telperion Nature Reserve (Mpumalanga, South Africa)
Authors: Girgan Chantelle , Shokoohi Ebrahim , Marais Mariette , Fourie Hendrika , Tiedt Lourens , Swart Antoinette 
Published: March 2021

Summary
A nematode survey conducted in the Telperion Nature Reserve (Mpumalanga, South Africa) resulted in a new Ironus species being described as well as two known species reported for the first time from South Africa, viz., Chronogaster aspinata and Paraphanolaimus behningi. Ironus telperionensis n. sp. is characterised by a long (1724 (1456-1864) μm) and slender body (50 times longer than mid-body diam.), long stoma (116 (87-129) μm), and a 235 (212-257) μm long tail with a ventral curl at the tip. The new species is morphologically most similar to I. ignavus and I. paludicola. However, the new species can be separated from I. ignavus based on the lower ratio c (7.3 (6.5-8.0) vs 8.0-11.0) and longer stoma (116 (87-129) vs 76-90 μm). Ironus telperionensis n. sp. can be distinguished from I. paludicola by the lower ratio a (49.2 (37.4-53.0) vs 60.0-80.0) and lower ratio c (7.3 (6.5-8.0) vs 8.0-13.0). The 18S rDNA phylogenetic analysis of I. telperionensis n. sp. placed it close to I. elegans (KC133064), whereas the 28S rDNA phylogenetic analysis placed it close to I. tenuicaudatus. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that Ironus is a monophyletic group. Paraphanolaimus behningi was identified based on anteriorly bent vagina in the female, spicule length (106 or 110 μm) and number of supplements (13 or 14) in the male. Chronogaster aspinata was identified based on body length (1127 or 1203 μm), cephalic setae length (7 μm), finely rounded tail terminus without a mucron or additional spines, and no longitudinal ridges. It fits the known description of the species. Although various differences were observed between previously reported populations of these species, the morphometrics of the specimens found in Telperion widen the existing variation in these two species.
Main Contents and Comment on the Law of the DPR Korea on Space Exploration
Authors: Ro Kum-Chol , Son Yong-Nam , Sin Kwang-Il 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
On 1 April 2013, the Law of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea on Space Exploration was enacted and promulgated by the Supreme People’s Assembly. The law is the first national legislation governing national space activities and it forms the basic law in the field of national space exploration. The enactment of this law provides a domestic legal guarantee for national space activities to the advantage of the country’s national economy and people’s livelihoods in conformity with the requirements of international space-related treaties. The paper provides a summary description and analysis of the national space legislation of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea with an eye to the UN resolutions concerning national space legislation and other countries’ national space laws.
Little Worlds in Motion: Mobility and Space in the Osterie of Early Modern Venice
Authors: Salzberg Rosa 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The inns, or osterie, of early modern Venice were located at the heart of the city, which was one the most important hubs of mobility and travel between Europe and the Mediterranean. Close study of the locations, structures, and interiors of the inns shows how they featured centrally in both the long-range itineraries of travelers and migrants as well as smaller-scale circulations of local residents around the city. The intersection of these various trajectories in the space of the inn led to a rich array of social, economic, and cultural exchanges, but also to moments of tension and conflict. As such, a focus on the osterie illuminates the experience of being on the move in this period as well as demonstrating how mobility fundamentally shaped, and was shaped by, the early modern city and its spaces.
Does the Distribution of Ethnic Kin-Groups Explain Mediation in Territorial Conflicts?
Authors: Feinberg Ayal , Greig J. Michael 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The literature on ethnic kin-groups primarily focuses on their role in perpetuating conflict. Less attention has been devoted to how ethnic kin-groups might encourage mediation in disputes affecting their kin in other nations. We argue that transborder kin-groups’ collective concern for the welfare of their fellow members in other states can motivate interstate mediation efforts. Utilizing the Ethnic Power Relations and the Issue Correlates of War datasets, we examine how transborder kin-group connections shape the likelihood of mediation, as well as who provides it. Our findings suggest that the deeper the network of transborder kin-group connections among target states of territorial disputes, the more likely mediation is to occur. Alternatively, challenger transborder kin-group connections reduce the likelihood of mediation. While transborder kin-group connections help explain the likelihood of mediation, mediation is often not provided by the connected third-party state. Instead, these connections promote mediation from international organizations, particularly regional organizations.
Hindutva Philosophy Reinforcement by the rss/bjp against Minorities and the Economic Performance of Narendra Modi’s Government in India
Authors: Kumar Rajeev Ranjan , Rizwan Muhammad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is a controversial figure and has polarised public debate for over a decade. He is criticised for the decline in growth rate and increase in unemployment rate. It has been five years since the Modi-led Bhartiya Janata Party (bjp) came to power, so analysing the economic performance and extremist religious behaviour of the Modi-led bjp/rss (Rastriya Sevak Sangh) is interesting. This article discusses the non-conventional views on the economic performance of the government in India, and the ideology of Hindutva and hatred towards religious minorities. This deep-rooted hatred of religious minorities and the lower caste is the core philosophy of Hindutva and is followed by the bjp and rss. Under the shadow of the rss, the Modi government has focused on Hindutva rather than the economy and the people, which has been the most important factor in the economic decline of India.
Relativising Atrocity Crimes: The Message of Unconditional Early Release of Perpetrators Convicted by the ICTY (1998 – 2018)
Authors: Yarnell Priyamvada 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Despite being found guilty of egregious acts, crimes against humanity and war crimes, 54 of the 90 perpetrators sentenced by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (icty) were granted unconditional early release (uer). This article argues that uer did a disservice to two principal expressive purposes of punishment - moral condemnation of the crimes and the overall norm projected by the icty, the ‘universal repugnance of group-based killing’. Fundamentally, punishment of perpetrators signifies the inherent worth of victims. Interviews with key stakeholders in Bosnia and Herzegovina revealed that the interviewees largely concurred with authors who posit that punitive justice conveys valuable messages to audiences. This article complements expressivist theories by demonstrating the extent to which expressivism was negated as perpetrators were granted uer. Finally, it proposes how early release in future tribunals and courts might be tailored to counter the negation of international criminal justice’s expressive value.
The Emperor’s New Clothes: Time Bar Clauses in Construction Contracts Between Legal Tradition and Good Faith
Authors: Haloush Haitham A. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
There is no clear provision in how the Jordanian Civil Code deals with the principles of good faith and freedom of contract. Interpretations can go either way, although there is a notable tendency that gravitates towards good faith. One significant aspect of the principle of good faith is that it provides a solid ground of contractual and legal interpretation of controversial construction issues such as time bar clauses. This research highlights how time bar clauses in construction contracts may affect the rights and responsibilities of Employers and Contractors under the Jordanian law. Often application of the principle of good faith produces a result similar to that under time bar clauses in FIDIC rules. As far as the author is aware, this issue has not been researched comprehensively before from technical and legal standpoints. This article represents a first attempt to examine the issues arising in this difficult and important subject.
The Rohingya Crisis, the Democratisation Discourse, and the Absence of an Atrocity Prevention Lens
Authors: Stensrud Ellen E. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This article addresses the somewhat paradoxical situation that during the reform years in Myanmar, Western optimism about democratisation existed side-by-side with increasingly dire reports about the human rights abuses against the Rohingya. In order to understand this puzzle, the article analyses the Norwegian government’s policy shift towards Myanmar, and its deepening engagement up until the landmark 2015 elections. The article argues that the widespread characterisation of the conflict in Rakhine as ‘intercommunal’, rooted in poverty and underdevelopment in Rakhine State, enabled the narrative of progress and democratisation to be upheld. This prevented actors from seeing the treatment of Rohingya through an ‘atrocity prevention lens’, and thereby from seeing Myanmar as a case where the responsibility to protect should be applied.
Controlling the Export of Digital and Emerging Technologies
Authors: Kanetake Machiko 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Dual-use export control regulates the trade of items which serve both civilian and military purposes. Justification for imposing export controls has been furnished by the need for safeguarding regional and international security, especially the non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The rationale for applying export controls has been subject to challenges, however. This Security and Human Rights special issue addresses the underlying justification for imposing export controls by focusing on their technological fronts. Scott A. Jones’ piece sheds light on the regulatory challenges that have arisen for the US’ control over so-called “emerging” technologies. Cindy Whang moves on to compare the US’ approach with that of the EU’s dual-use export control. Ben Wagner proposes a set of policy options for the design of export controls on digital technologies, so that they can serve as an effective vehicle for promoting the protection of human rights.
Born Orphans of the Earth: Pastoral Utopia in Contemporary Taiwanese Poetry
Authors: Skerratt Brian 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In 2011, amid a string of controversies in the Taiwanese countryside surrounding industrial pollution, urban expansion, the unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, and the destruction of the natural and rural environments, poet and editor Hong Hong announced ‘the last pastoral poem’, suggesting that the representation of the countryside as bucolic landscape was an out-of-date and politically impotent trope. This paper argues, contrary to Hong Hong’s polemic, that depictions of pastoral utopia remain a vital and powerful alternative to the forces of urbanisation and industrialisation in Taiwan and the larger Sinophone world. The paper analyses poetry by contemporary poet Ling Yu against the background of the tradition of utopian pastoral writing represented by the book of Genesis, Virgil, Laozi, Tao Yuanming, and Gary Snyder. The paper argues for a poetics that symbolically mediates between nature and culture, and building and dwelling, by means of slow ‘cultivation’, in both the agricultural and aesthetic senses. The paper further draws on transnational Hong Kong poet Liu Wai Tong’s concept of ‘you-topia’ to suggest a means of reconciling Chinese tradition and contemporary ecocritical discourse.
Seasonal Variation of the Antarctic Slope Front Occurrence and Position Estimated from an Interpolated Hydrographic Climatology
Authors: Pauthenet Etienne , Sallée Jean-Baptiste , Schmidtko Sunke , Nerini David 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe Antarctic Slope Front (ASF) is a fundamental feature of the subpolar Southern Ocean that is still poorly observed. In this study we build a statistical climatology of the temperature and salinity fields of the upper 380 m of the Antarctic margin. We use a comprehensive compilation of observational datasets including the profiles gathered by instrumented marine mammals. The mapping method consists first of a decomposition in vertical modes of the combined temperature and salinity profiles. Then the resulting principal components are optimally interpolated on a regular grid and the monthly climatological profiles are reconstructed, providing a physically plausible representation of the ocean. The ASF is located with a contour method and a gradient method applied on the temperature field, two complementary approaches that provide a complete view of the ASF structure. The front extends from the Amundsen Sea to the eastern Weddell Sea and closely tracks the continental shelf break. It is associated with a sharp temperature gradient that is stronger in winter and weaker in summer. The emergence of the front in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen sectors appears to be seasonally variable (slightly more westward in winter than in summer). Investigation of the density gradients across the shelf break indicates a winter slowdown of the baroclinic component of the Antarctic Slope Current at the near surface, in contrast with the seasonal variability of the temperature gradient.
Thermal Conductance Through the Skull Base From Endoscopic Surgery Cauterization Instruments: Cadaver and Goat Model
Authors: Su Peiyi , Wrobel Bozena B. , Zada Gabriel , Mack Wendy J. , Ge Marshall , Kim Jee‐Hong , Ference Elisabeth D. 
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveCauterization prevents hemorrhage and optimizes the surgical field during endoscopic sinus surgery but may cause injury to nearby structures. The objective of this study is to examine thermal conductance from cauterization equipment across the skull base.Study DesignCadaver and animal model.SettingSurgical skills laboratory of an academic tertiary medical institution.MethodsA pilot study was conducted with a deidentified cadaver head and expanded to a goat head animal model. Endoscopic dissection was performed to expose the lamina papyracea, ethmoid roof, sphenoid roof, and frontal sinus. Cautery was applied to the frontal sinus of goat heads, and temperatures were measured via thermocouple sensors placed along the intracranial skull base. Surgical instruments studied included monopolar, bipolar, and endoscopic bipolar devices at various power settings.ResultsTemperature increase, as averaged across all cautery powers and measurement positions, was highest for the monopolar cautery (17.55 °C) when compared with the bipolar and endoscopic bipolar devices (<2 °C for bipolar, Endo‐Pen, Stammberger, and Wormald; P <. 001). Monopolar cautery reached 30.86 °C at high power when averaged over all positions (P <. 001) as compared with <3 °C for the other instruments. Temperatures rose as power of cautery was increased from low to medium and high. Temperatures decreased as the distance of the thermocouple sensor probe from the cautery origin increased.ConclusionThermal conductance across the skull base varies depending on equipment and power of cautery, with monopolar resulting in the largest temperature increase. Choice and implementation of cauterization instruments have implications on inadvertent transmission of thermal energy during endoscopic sinus surgery.