bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Glaucoma on the Quality of Patient’s Life
Authors: Marceta Elizabeta , Todorovic Dusan 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive opticopathy with morphological optic disc changes and visual field disturbances. Visual field disturbances change the patient’s life habits. Medical as well as surgical treatments also disturb patients` activities of daily living. According to this, glaucoma is the disease which affects quality of patient’s life (QQL). Visual field (VF) evaluation is very important in glaucoma disease diagnostic process. Location of the VF defects also have an impact on the QOL. Patient`s daily activities, such as walking, low light condition adaptation, peripheral seeing of the objects, can be affected by glaucoma progression and with VF defects. All social, religious, cultural and traveling events are more difficult for the severe glaucomatous patients (MD<-12dB) in comparison with mild glaucomatous, defined as patients with MD > −6 dB. Every day usage of the local antuglaucomatous therapy disturbs patients’ QOL. The side effects of the eye drops can produce burning sensation, bronchospasm, bradycardia, increased iris pigmentation, increased eyelash length. Also, locally applied therapy provokes ocular surface disease. Benzalkonium chloride provokes destruction of the epithelial cells junction with development of the epitheliopathy and ocular surface disease. Surgically treated glaucoma patients can have disturbed QOL due to ocular surface disease symptoms (foreign body sensation, eye pain, redness, and increased tearing). These symptoms are caused by trabeculectomy and they are correlated with filtering bleb existence.To achieve QOL of the glaucomatous patients, different founded instruments are used. They are classified in: general health, vision specific, and glaucoma specific.
Phronetic Ethics in Social Robotics: A New Approach to Building Ethical Robots
Authors: Polak Paweł , Krzanowski Roman 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Social robotics are autonomous robots or Artificial Moral Agents (AMA), that will interact respect and embody human ethical values. However, the conceptual and practical problems of building such systems have not yet been resolved, playing a role of significant challenge for computational modeling. It seems that the lack of success in constructing robots, ceteris paribus, is due to the conceptual and algorithmic limitations of the current design of ethical robots. This paper proposes a new approach for developing ethical capacities in robotic systems, one based on the concept of Aristotelian phronesis. Phronesis in principle reflexes closer human ethics than the ethical paradigms we employ today in ethical robotics. This paper describes the essential features of phronesis and proposes a high-level architecture for implementing phronetic principles in autonomous robots. Phronetic robotics is in its early stages of conceptualization, so many of the presented ideas are speculative and require further research.2
Species and Thallus Structure Diversity of Chlorophyta in Shore Platform of Dwarka (Gujarat Coast, India)
Authors: Sanghvi Dimpal , Chaudhury Nandini Ray , Jain Bhanukumar 
Published: April 2021

AbstractPresent study shows the species and thallus structure diversity of Chlorophyta in shore platform of Dwarka, Gujarat Coast. Chlorophyta were surveyed based on systematic random sampling for two years: April 2013 to April 2015. Total 27 species of Chlorophyta were identified through intensive fieldwork survey based on line transect and quadrate based methods. This study identifies four orders, nine families, 13 genera and 27 species among the green macroalgae population inhabiting the rock shore platform of Dwarka. Total 27 species of Chlorophyta have been found with major nine thallus types and 19 sub types of thallus structure. Ramiform and filamentous types of thallus structure are most common in this study.
The Fish Fauna of the Zarineh River (Urmia Lake Basin) Downstream Sector – Conservation and Management
Authors: Radkhah Ali Reza , Eagderi Soheil , Shams Yahia 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the fish fauna in the downstream sector of the Zarineh River, Urmia Lake basin. Seven stations were sampled along the Zarineh River before and after Shahin-Dezh City to help gain a better understanding of human activities on its fish fauna. The results revealed 11 fish species, which belong to three families, including Cyprinidae, Nemacheilidae and Gobiidae. Nine of them were Cyprinidae. Out of 11 species, five species, Carassius gibelio, Rhodeus amarus, Pseudorasbora parva, Hemiculter leucisculus and Rhinogobius lindbergii were exotic that were unintentionally introduced to the Zarineh River along with Asian carps. The threats to fish fauna are categorized into two categories: natural and anthropogenic. According to the observations, anthropogenic activities such as overfishing, pollutions, sand and gravel extraction, dam construction and introduction of exotic fish species were among the main threats for the ichthyofauna of the Zarineh River.
Bioindication of Water Quality of the Xinlicheng Reservoir by Algal Communities
Authors: Barinova Sophia , Liu Na , Ding Jiyang , An Yonglei , Qin Xueming , Wu Chenxin 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The ecological analysis of 31 algae and cyanobacteria indicators assessed the water quality of the Changchun drinking water Xinlicheng Reservoir by using bio-indication methods. The water was fresh, low alkaline, low-saline, middle oxygenated, with reached nutrients and organic pollution and mesotrophic to eutrophic. Statistics reveal significant variables that impacted algal diversity were nutrients, water quality was low to the middle polluted Class II-III. The indices of saprobity and WESI show the high self-purification capacity and low-toxicity impact. We revealed potential threatening species of cyanobacteria. The improving water quality from 2007 up to now has been revealed.
Investigation on the Global Distribution of Invasive Fish Species, Convict Cichlid Amatitlania Nigrofasciata (Perciformes, Cichlidae) Over the Past Years with Emphasis on Iranian Inland Waters
Authors: Radkhah Ali Reza , Eagderi Soheil 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the global distribution of a non-indigenous and invasive fish species, the convict cichlid Amatitlania nigrofasciata, over time, with an emphasis on the inland waters of Iran. The results showed that the distribution range of the convict cichlid was initially based in Central America. Then, the distribution range of this species expanded to parts of North America. Finally, this fish species was introduced to other parts of the world such as Australia, Israel, Italy, Colombia, Germany, Peru, Slovakia, Japan, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Iran due to its extensive ability to spread. So far the presence of A. nigrofasciata has been reported in two domestic basins in Iran, namely Hormuz and Namak Lake. This study indicated that the distribution range of this species is not currently wide, but it is likely to expand towards the central plateau and southern parts of Iran.
Features of Formation and Use of Production Resources by Small Farms in Ukraine
Authors: Varchenko Olga Myronivna , Tkachenko Kateryna Vitalyivna , Byba Valentyna Anatolyivna , Svynous Nadiia Ivanivna 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
It is proved that the effective development of small farms is ensured by the level of their resource supply and the balance of production resources, the efficiency of which we have been carried out on the basis of the calculation of allocative and technical efficiency. According to the obtained equation of production function, we conclude that the most elastic factor is the cost of seeds, fertilizers, feed and other material costs. An increase of this resource by 1% will lead to an increase in the result by 0.395%. The smallest value of the coefficient of elasticity was obtained from such production resource as arable land. The obtained model shows that there is a decreasing effect on the scale, since the sum of the regression coefficients is less than 1 (equal to 0.962), which means that if the resources increase in some proportion, then the volumes of revenue increase in a smaller proportion. It is substantiated that allocative inefficiency is caused not by the excessive use of resources in small farms, but by the higher prices for them and the underestimated agricultural output.
The Applicability of Political Business Cycle Theories in Transition Economies
Authors: Praščević Aleksandra 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
The paper focuses the applicability of political cycles theories in specific circumstances of economies in transition which are at the same time the new democracies. Economic and political transition in these countries change both people’s and politicians’ preferences, institutions and generate specific politically motivated misuse of economic policymaking. Theories of political cycles in macroeconomics have been developed since 1970s, when the fact that policymakers could use economic policy as an efficient tool for increasing their chances for reelection became obvious. In countries with parliamentary democracies, incentives of policymakers to influence election results could be opportunistically motivated (opportunistic models) or ideologically motivated (partisan models). On the other side, voters could be naïve or rational, with different economic outcomes, as argued in extensive political cycles literature. The paper studies specific political motives of politicians in transition economies which are faced, especially in first fazes of transition with weak institutional mechanism and rules, and naïve voters. Consequently, opportunistic motives dominate ideological ones. The paper also focuses how the development of the institutional environment, especially in the context of international integration, such as accession to the European Union, reflects on the political business cycles in these countries.
INTRAOSSEUS ACCESS BY AMBULANCE
Authors: Davydov V. V. , Tretyakova E. M. 
Published: April 2021

Background. Emergency physicians often have difficulty providing vascular access to patients in critical condition. In these conditions, intraosseous access has an advantage over traditional peripheral vein catheterization. Currently, intraosseous access is not widely used at the stage of emergency medical care.Aim. Analysis and generalization of current information on the use of the method of intraosseous access to emergency medicine.Materials and methods. We have found publications in Russian and international search engines (PubMed, eLIBRARY, etc.) over the past 20 years. Publications reflected current issues of intraosseous access application. 74 articles were found and 30 were selected for review.Results. Intraosseous access showed good results in patients with weakly expressed venous network at the stage of emergency medical care. The method has a simple technique of manipulation, does not have a large number of complications and contraindications. Doctors who have received training often use intraosseous access, taking into account the indications for use.Conclusion. Intraosseous access has an advantage over peripheral intravenous access in patients in critical condition at the stages of emergency care.
How personal factors grow students' interest in entrepreneurship
Authors: Saputra Arief Dwi , Rahmatia Alfina , Muslimah Muslimah 
Published: April 2021

This study investigates how personal factors can influence entrepreneurship's interest in terms of cognitive variables with indicators of skills and knowledge, affective variables with indicators of attitude and value, and conative variables with indicators of behavior and experience. This study uses a quantitative strategy through a sample of 338 informants. The root of the problem is reviewed from the literature review and strengthened by data collection from the online interview process. Based on these results, personal factors through related variables and indicators can be used as a research agenda to answer corporate contributions problems that offer answers related to reasons for entrepreneurship. The implication is aimed as a strategy to foster student interest in entrepreneurship by showing a close relationship that is mutually supportive and relevant from contributing to each variable related to personal factors. This study also provides a scientific contribution in the form of knowledge about an entrepreneurial interest created from personal factors.
The impact of culinary tourism on tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty: Padang city, West Sumatra context
Authors: Fitrizal Fitrizal , Elfiswandi Elfiswandi , Sanjaya Sigit 
Published: April 2021

The objective of this study to identify the impact of culinary tourism on tourist satisfaction and destination loyalty. Respondents in this study are the tourists in Padang city, West Sumatra. The study utilized primary data which is obtained through the questionnaire. The respondents were selected by convenience sampling method. The number of respondents is 384 determined by using Lemeshow formula. Data were analyzed by Path Analysis. The result show that culinary tourism has a positive and significant effect both on destination loyalty and tourist satisfaction. Tourist satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on destination loyalty. Culinary tourism is one of the effective tools to increase tourism. Tourist satisfaction will be achieved with components of culinary tourism. Tourist satisfaction even though insufficient category, it will be able to increase loyalty.
PRIVATIZATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
Authors: Bah Yahya Muhammed , Artaria Myrtati Dyah 
Published: April 2021

Aim: The fundamental rationale for a systematic literature review is to examine opportunities and challenges in the privatization of solid waste management, and share knowledge to spark and inspire a process that will usher in public private partnership to ensure cities are kept clean for habitability. Methodology and Results: A systematic review of the literature using information obtained from different sources was performed. The Google Search Engine was used to search for these articles. During the search numerous combinations of words and phrases were used to ensure articles reflect the most recent knowledge and scholarly works. Only peer-reviewed articles published after 2000 were selected, except extracts perceived to be of fundamental mileage to the study. However, articles published by staunch international organizations working in privatization of solid waste management for years which had produced indefatigable knowledge in the field were stealthily appraised. The privatization of solid waste management has resulted in some successes which include, but not restricted to: effectiveness, cost saving, timely service delivery, access to funding and expansion, quality services, partnership and community participation, cleanliness and healthy environment, jobs creation and better income, elimination of public monopoly and promotion of competition, new technologies and innovative techniques, public sector concentration on supervision, resources conservation and protection from risks; less bureaucracy and prompt action regarding concerns and complaints. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: With a well-thought model and proper public supervision, the privatization of solid of waste management can deliver habitable cities, though not without negative impacts and obstacles.
Prevalence of insomnia symptoms and the use of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs for their treatment among medical students
Authors: Balčiūnaitė B. , Būgaitė V. , Karnickas M. 
Published: April 2021

Background. Even though it is common for medical students to complain about insomnia symptoms, no study has been conducted in Lithuania to determine the prevalence of insomnia symptoms among medical students. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of insomnia symptoms, to evaluate students’ knowledge about benzodiazepine treatment and to examine the means used by students to treat sleep disorders.Materials and methods. From December 2019 to April 2020, 321 medical students from Vilnius University (VU) (138 students) and Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LUHS) (183 students) participated in an anonymous online survey including 28 multiple choice questions. The acquired data was analysed using Microsoft Excel and the statistical p value of <0.05 was considered significant.Results. Medical students of all study years participated in the survey (1st year students – 16.8%, 2nd year – 10.9%, 3rd year – 14%, 4th year – 18.4%, 5th year – 22.4%, and 6th year – 17.4%). Of the 321 participants, 262 were female (81.6%) and 59 were male (18.4 %). Over half (55.5%) of all surveyed participants experienced sleep disturbances while studying medicine. The combined prevalence of insomnia symptoms was determined as follows: 56.3% in LUHS and 54.35% in VU; 55.9% prevalence among men and 55.3% prevalence among women. The highest prevalence of insomnia symptoms was recorded in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd year of medical studies: 28.1%, 26.4% and 22.5%, respectively. Only 45.8% of participants were aware of the recommended duration of treatment with benzodiazepine drugs, which is a maximum of one month. One third (33.9%) of participants, who experienced symptoms of insomnia and used non-pharmacological measures to alleviate those symptoms, also tried using alcohol as a measure to help them fall asleep. Of the participants who experienced symptoms of insomnia (a total of 63 students), 33 (52.4%) used benzodiazepines and 30 (47.3%) used Z-drugs for the treatment. Insomnia symptoms lasting for more than 3 months were experienced by 57 students (17.8% of all participants), while 9 students (2.8% of all participants) experienced insomnia symptoms so severe that they slept less than 2 hours per night. 17 students (5.3% of all participants) experienced symptoms of insomnia 7 days per week.Conclusions. A significantly higher prevalence of insomnia symptoms (55.5%) and a significantly higher prevalence of chronic insomnia symptoms lasting more than 3 months (17.8%) was measured among medical students in comparison to similar studies with non-medical students. Less than half of medical students (45.8%) knew the longest recommended use of benzodiazepines and one in three (33.9%) medical students with symptoms of insomnia also used alcohol as a measure to help them fall asleep.
Treatment of tardive dyskinesia caused by long-term antipsychotic use: case reports and literature review
Authors: Pabarčiūtė I. , Karnickas M. 
Published: April 2021

Introduction. Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder that begins with exposure to dopamine receptor-blocking agents for at least a few months. These agents include most of antipsychotics, which are widely used to treat mental illness. This disabling condition will remain a clinical part of modern psychiatry, and the large number of publications on tardive dyskinesia that have appeared in the literature in recent years is a huge step forward in this area.Case descriptions. A 43-year-old woman with paranoid schizophrenia was hospitalized in 2018 due to constant involuntary movements of the whole body, especially expressed for ~2 years. The patient had been taking antipsychotics for about 20 years, the first dyskinetic movements were observed ~10 years ago (various jerks) and described in 2014 (champing). Tardive dyskinesia was diagnosed and the patient was treated with tetrabenazine. The patient’s condition in the hospital clearly improved, the stereotypical dystonic-hyperkinetic movements of the limbs and torso and other symptoms disappeared.Another patient, a 55-year-old woman hospitalized for involuntary movements in 2019, had been regularly taking antipsychotics for delusional disorder for ~10 years. Akathisia and hand dyskinesia appeared ~7 years ago and gradually progressed to choreoathetoid movements of the face, neck, arms, and torso. Paranoid schizophrenia and tardive dyskinesia were diagnosed during hospitalization and treatment with tetrabenazine was initiated. During treatment, the amplitude of involuntary movements partially decreased and the patient became more functional.Literature review. One of the difficulties in treating tardive dyskinesia in psychiatry is the need to continue the antipsychotics that caused the condition. In this case, the best choice would be second-generation atypical antipsychotics. The first-line treatment for tardive dyskinesia is VMAT2 inhibitors – deutetrabenazine, valbenazine; if they are not available – tetrabenazine.Conclusions. In order to provide reliable evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia and to better understand its pathophysiology, genetic predisposition, and therapeutic agents, more studies with larger samples and more uniform conditions are needed.
Prevalence of physical, sexual and emotional violence among married women in Pakistan: A detailed analysis from Pakistan demographic health survey 2017-18
Authors: Muhammad Imran  , Rehana Yasmeen  
Published: April 2021

Background: Domestic violence is a significant public health concern all around the world. Globally around 10 out of 70 women faced domestic violence at least once in their life. However, there is a vast variation in the reported prevalence of domestic violence all around the world. Our study aims to explore the situation of domestic violence by using the Pakistan Demographic Health Survey (PDHS) dataset 2017-18.
Methodology: Secondary data analysis was performed on 4085 married women of age 15-49 years by using a recently conducted PDHS data set to determine the prevalence, socio-demographic and economic factors that potentially increase the risk of different domestic violence types. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with domestic violence.
Results: In this study, the overall prevalence of domestic violence in Pakistan is 34.2%. However, the prevalence of sexual violence 4.79% (3.75-6.09), emotional violence 28.91% (26.76-31.17), and physical violence was 14.84% (13.22-16.63) respectively in Pakistan. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa reported the highest prevalence of sexual violence, 7.71%, followed by FATA 4.69%, Punjab 4.61%, Sindh 3.73%, and Balochistan 3.13%. Moreover, FATA has the highest prevalence of physical violence, 36.13%, followed by Balochistan, 33.5%, KPK, 22.5%, Punjab 13.28%, ICT 10.65%, and Sindh 7.68%. However, FATA also has the highest prevalence of emotional violence, 65.87%, followed by KPK 50.80%, Balochistan 48.37%, ICT 33.23%, Punjab 25.45%, and Sindh 15.1%.
Conclusion: In our study, we found an association of low educational level of husband, poor wealth index, increase age of husband, and use of alcohol by the husband. Although policies are in place at the provincial level in Pakistan but there is no effective implementation of those policies at the provincial level. There is a need to study risk factors and societal perceptions regarding domestic violence across provinces to design and implement an effective intervention.