bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Website design in tourism and hospitality: A multilevel review
Authors: Chan Irene Cheng Chu , Law Rob , Fong Lawrence Hoc Nang , Zhong Lina 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSynthesizing and integrating the works of 78 journal articles on the effect of website design on consumers, this study reconceptualizes and redefines five design features constituting effective website design for tourism and hospitality. The review shows that content and system designs are the most studied design features, followed by social, sensory, and hedonic features. Existing website design research predominantly focuses on website‐level outcomes, overlooking the importance of product‐ and consumer‐level outcomes. An integrative framework encompassing the four crucial elements of website design (i.e., design features, outcomes, processes, and conditions) in tourism and hospitality research is proposed.
Simulating potential impacts of climate changes on distribution pattern and carbon storage function of high‐latitude wetland plant communities in the Xing'anling Mountains, China
Authors: Xue Zhenshan , Jiang Ming , Zhang Zhongsheng , Wu Haitao , Zhang Tingting 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThough one of the most vulnerable terrestrial ecosystems, wetlands provide multiple ecosystem services, most notably storing carbon. It is now widely recognized that climate change could have a large impact on high‐latitude wetlands. A key question is how climate change will affect the distribution pattern of wetland plant communities, and to what extent the transitions among different wetland plant communities respond to regional warming? To answer this question, we estimated the total SOC storage with 139 soil profiles in the Xing'anling Mountains and performed ensemble species distribution modelling for 11 dominant wetland plant communities by using numerous vegetation plots. Results show that 4.5–23.8% of the high‐latitude wetlands in the study area would be lost following widespread thawing of permafrost under different climate warming scenarios by the end of this century. The total wetland SOC in the Xing'anling Mountains is estimated to be 1.58 Pg, about 25.5–29.3% of the total of China's wetlands, however, predicted wetland loss could put 5.4–20.5% (0.08–0.32 Pg C) of the total SOC storage at risk of instability. Our results also predicted a significant northward migration of southern Deyeuxia angustifolia communities driven by future climate changes. This wetland succession could profoundly reduce future carbon sequestration capacity of wetlands in the study area. The findings presented here are helpful for both current reserve management and future conservation planning of wetlands in the study area.
Recent Progress of DNA Nanostructures on Amphiphilic Membranes
Authors: Piao Jiafang , Yuan Wei , Dong Yuanchen 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEmploying DNA nanostructures mimicking membrane proteins on artificial amphiphilic membranes have been widely developed to understand the structures and functions of the natural membrane systems. In this review, the recent developments in artificial systems constructed by amphiphilic membranes and DNA nanostructures are summarized. First, the preparations and properties of the amphipathic bilayer models are introduced. Second, the interactions are discussed between the membrane and the DNA nanostructures, as well as their coassembly behaviors. Next, the alternative systems related to membrane protein‐mediated signal transmission, selective distribution, transmembrane channels, and membrane fusion are also introduced. Moreover, the constructions of membrane skeleton protein‐mimicking DNA nanostructures are also highlighted.
Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation: A Review on Investigating Mesoscale Properties of Polymer Systems
Authors: Wang Jihao , Han Yufen , Xu Zhiyang , Yang Xiaozhen , Ramakrishna Seeram , Liu Yong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPolymer systems have typical multiscale characteristics, both in space and time. The mesoscopic properties of polymers are difficult to describe through traditional experimental approaches. Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) is a simulation method used for solving mesoscale problems of complex fluids and soft matter. The mesoscopic properties of polymer systems, such as conformation, dynamics, and transport properties, have been studied extensively using DPD. This paper briefly summarizes the application of DPD to research involving microchannel flow, electrospinning, free‐radical polymerization, polymer self‐assembly processes, polymer electrolyte fuel cells, and biomedical materials. The main features and possible development avenues of DPD are described as well.
Imaging‐Based Metrics Drawn from Visual Perception of Haze and Clarity of Materials. I. Method, Analysis, and Distance‐Dependent Transparency
Authors: Busato Stephan , Kremer Daniel , Perevedentsev Aleksandr 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA versatile imaging‐based method is presented for quantifying the transparency of materials based on “illumination diffusion” (ID), representing scattering‐ and refraction‐induced change in the spatial distribution of transmitted light intensity. Samples are backlit through a graticule mask, with analysis performed by comparative evaluation of graticule images recorded as‐is and viewed through a sample, mimicking visual perception. ID‐haze is quantified as the reduction of contrast, while ID‐sharpness is derived from imaged knife‐edge acuity. Measurements are performed for diverse materials, including clarified polyolefins, silica‐filled amorphous polymers, semicrystalline films, and etched polymer sheets. Comparisons with the respective haze and clarity values obtained using a common ASTM D1003 haze‐meter are made in terms of their quantitative correlation and suitability for applications. In particular, unlike conventional instruments, ID‐based analysis captures the variation of transparency with sample‐to‐object “airgap” distance. Gratifyingly, ID‐haze generally features a one‐to‐one correlation with standard ASTM haze, when determined at a specific distance. The presented method also enables sensitive detection of local defects—differentiating them from large‐area characteristics—and accurately extracts the contribution of luminescence to loss of transparency. ID‐based method therewith offers unique opportunities for application‐ and airgap‐specific transparency analysis, and advanced options for optical process‐ and quality control.
Freedom and giving in game streams: A Foucauldian exploration of tips and donations on Twitch
Authors: Yoganathan Vignesh , Osburg Victoria‐Sophie , Stevens Callum James 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTwitch is a full‐fledged marketplace for game consumption, where gameplay is live streamed by players for the benefit of viewers/followers. Using Foucault's notions of freedom as a practice, we provide a psychosocial understanding of game stream engagement, and especially, user motivations for tipping streamers or donating to charity (i.e., “giving”). Following a netnographic approach, we analyse contributions to a large online forum and data gathered from 15 focus groups. We find that giving arises as an outcome of users exercising their freedom, whilst negotiating personal difficulties, for social gratification (e.g., status among peers), self‐determination (i.e., feeling control over one's life), and self‐extension (i.e., feeling affinity with others to achieve ideal self). By providing opportunities for self‐extension and self‐determination, which lead to better connectivity and stronger community support compared to social media, Twitch enables users to “give freely” (i.e., without obligation or compunction). Consequently, Twitch offers scope for more effective and mutually beneficial means of fundraising than traditional nonprofit marketing strategies, particularly by reaching younger target groups. Ultimately, the paper integrates three widely used theories under one (Foucauldian) metatheoretical perspective and highlights the central role of freedom in understanding game stream user engagement. Practical implications for nonprofit fundraising are also considered.
A study of innate immune kinetics reveals a role for a chloride transporter in a virulent Francisella tularensis type B strain
Authors: Matz Lisa M. , Petrosino Joseph F. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractTularemia is a zoonotic disease of global proportions. Francisella tularensis subspecies tularensis (type A) and holarctica (type B) cause disease in healthy humans, with type A infections resulting in higher mortality. Repeated passage of a type B strain in the mid‐20th century generated the Live Vaccine Strain (LVS). LVS remains unlicensed, does not protect against high inhalational doses of type A, and its exact mechanisms of attenuation are poorly understood. Recent data suggest that live attenuated vaccines derived from type B may cross‐protect against type A. However, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding virulent type B pathogenesis and its capacity to stimulate the host's innate immune response. We therefore sought to increase our understanding of virulent type B in vitro characteristics using strain OR96‐0246 as a model. Adding to our knowledge of innate immune kinetics in macrophages following infection with virulent type B, we observed robust replication of strain OR96‐0246 in murine and human macrophages, reduced expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokine genes from “wild type” type B‐infected macrophages compared to LVS, and delayed macrophage cell death suggesting that virulent type B may suppress macrophage activation. One disruption in LVS is in the gene encoding the chloride transporter ClcA. We investigated the role of ClcA in macrophage infection and observed a replication delay in a clcA mutant. Here, we propose its role in acid tolerance. A greater understanding of LVS attenuation may reveal new mechanisms of pathogenesis and inform strategies toward the development of an improved vaccine against tularemia.
Magnetically focused 70 MeV proton minibeams for preclinical experiments combining a tandem accelerator and a 3 GHz linear post‐accelerator
Authors: Mayerhofer Michael , Datzmann Gerd , Degiovanni Alberto , Dimov Veliko , Dollinger Günther 
Published: March 2021

PurposeRadiotherapy plays an important role for the treatment of tumor diseases in two‐thirds of all cases, but it is limited by side effects in the surrounding healthy tissue. Proton minibeam radiotherapy (pMBRT) is a promising option to widen the therapeutic window for tumor control at reduced side effects. An accelerator concept based on an existing tandem Van de Graaff accelerator and a linac enables the focusing of 70 MeV protons to form minibeams with a size of only 0.1 mm for a preclinical small animal irradiation facility, while avoiding the cost of an RFQ injector.MethodsThe tandem accelerator provides a 16 MeV proton beam with a beam brightness of as averaged from 5 µs long pulses with a flat top current of 17 µA at 200 Hz repetition rate. Subsequently, the protons are accelerated to 70 MeV by a 3 GHz linear post‐accelerator consisting of two Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac (SCDTL) structures and four Coupled Cavity Linac (CCL) structures [design: AVO‐ADAM S.A (Geneva, Switzerland)]. A 3 GHz buncher and four magnetic quadrupole lenses are placed between the tandem and the post‐accelerator to maximize the transmission through the linac. A quadrupole triplet situated downstream of the linac structure focuses the protons into an area of (0.1 × 0.1) mm2. The beam dynamics of the facility is optimized using the particle optics code TRACE three‐dimensional (3D). Proton transmission through the facility is elaborated using the particle tracking code TRAVEL.ResultsA study about buncher amplitude and phase shift between buncher and linac is showing that 49% of all protons available from the tandem can be transported through the post‐accelerator. A mean beam current up to 19 nA is expected within an area of (0.1 × 0.1) mm2 at the beam focus.ConclusionAn extension of existing tandem accelerators by commercially available 3 GHz structures is able to deliver a proton minibeam that serves all requirements to obtain proton minibeams to perform preclinical minibeam irradiations as it would be the case for a complete commercial 3 GHz injector‐RFQ–linac combination. Due to the modularity of the linac structure, the irradiation facility can be extended to clinically relevant proton energies up to or above 200 MeV.
Evaluating a symptom‐triggered gastric residual volume policy in a surgical trauma intensive care unit: Simple and safe
Authors: Prest Phillip J. , Reath Jessica Justice , Bell Nathaniel , Rabieh Mona , Moore Aaron , Jones Mark , Watson Christopher , Bynoe Raymond 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundRoutine checking of gastric residual volumes (GRVs) during enteral feeding within surgical trauma intensive care units (STICUs) is a common practice. However, data on the necessity of this practice and its impact on nutrient delivery are limited. We aim to study the association between the replacement of a routine GRV (rGRV) policy with a triggered GRV (tGRV) policy and the safe achievement of daily nutrition goals.MethodsWe prospectively collected data on patients after we instituted a tGRV policy and compared them with a historical cohort of patients who had rGRV assessments in our STICU at a level 1 trauma center. The primary end point was achieving 80% of prescribed nutrient goals. Secondary end points included aspiration pneumonia, witnessed emesis, and glycemic control.ResultsA total of 145 patients accounting for 1405 STICU days were treated under the tGRV policy, and 156 patients accounting for 1694 STICU days were treated under the rGRV policy. There were no statistically significant differences between the tGRV and rGRV groups with regard to the proportion of days meeting or exceeding protein (56.7% vs 56.2%) or calorie (56.4% vs 56.0%) goals. After adjusting for in‐hospital deaths, injury severity score, complications, and STICU time, the predictive margins for meeting caloric and protein goals were higher among the tGRV patients (57% vs 56%), but these differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionA tGRV policy did not change protein or calorie delivery among patients or increase the risk of emesis compared with traditional monitoring methods.
Chronic difficulties are associated with poorer psychosocial functioning in the first year post‐diagnosis in epithelial ovarian cancer patients
Authors: Garvin Lauren , Slavich George M. , Schrepf Andrew , Davis Lauren Z. , Thaker Premal H. , Goodheart Michael J. , Cole Steve W. , Sood Anil K. , Lutgendorf Susan K. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveOvarian cancer is characterized by poor prognosis, high levels of distress, disturbed sleep, and compromised quality of life (QOL). Although life stressors have been shown to significantly impact physical and psychological health in cancer populations, no studies have used a high‐resolution stress assessment to differentiate effects of acute versus chronic stressors among women with ovarian cancer. We addressed this issue in the present prospective longitudinal study by examining how acute and chronic stress exposure in the year pre‐diagnosis relate to depressive symptoms, sleep quality, and QOL over the first year post‐diagnosis in women with ovarian cancer.MethodsOne hundred thirty‐seven women completed the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule within a month of initial treatment for suspected ovarian cancer. Depressive symptoms, sleep, and QOL were measured pre‐treatment, at six months, and one‐year post‐diagnosis. Mixed models were used to examine associations of acute and chronic stress pre‐diagnosis with (a) change in psychosocial outcomes over the first year post‐diagnosis and (b) levels of psychosocial outcomes across all time points.ResultsBoth the number and severity of chronic difficulties (but not acute life events) were related to significantly greater depression, and poorer sleep quality and QOL, across all time‐points. In contrast, these stress indices were unrelated to changes in psychosocial functioning over time.ConclusionsChronic but not acute stress exposure predicted average levels of depression, sleep, and QOL in the first year post‐diagnosis among women with ovarian cancer. Assessing stressors and designing interventions for reducing stress may thus be beneficial for ovarian cancer patients.
Biological control technology and application based on agricultural unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) intelligent delivery of insect natural enemies (Trichogramma) carrier
Authors: Zhan Yilong , Chen Shengde , Wang Guobin , Fu Jinwei , Lan Yubin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDAgricultural pests and diseases affect grain yield and quality. In addition to the use of chemical agents, the biological control of diseases and insect pests has attracted more and more attention due to an urgent need for environmental protection. However, traditional operational methods do not integrate well with biological control technology. With the advantages of simple operation, low operating cost, high operating efficiency and wide application range, use of multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in biological control is of great significance.RESULTSAn intelligent delivery system comprising an insect natural enemy (Trichogramma) capsule based on an M45 electric multirotor UAV was built to release Trichogramma ostriniae in corn fields under full autonomous mode. During operation, the M45 UAV can fly accurately in accordance with operational requirements; average deviation between the actual and planned routes was 0.24 m, the average flight speed was 9.18 m s−1 and the average altitude was 5.08 m. The effective coverage rate of natural enemies was 99.33% and the coverage redundancy was 36.75%. After delivery, an investigation into the field control effect showed an average control effect of 83.70%, which can result in effective pest control.CONCLUSIONA natural enemy carrier intelligent delivery system based on an M45 electric multirotor UAV was found to have good flight performance. In addition, natural enemies were evenly distributed, giving even coverage of the target fields. The system had a good control effect. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
A progressive approach for the detection of the coefficient of variation
Authors: Chen Rui , Jin Li , Li Zhonghua , Zhang Jiujun 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA progressive average chart usually triggers initial out‐of‐control (OC) signals more simply and quickly than other memory‐type charts . In this paper, two progressive average control procedures are proposed for monitoring the coefficient of variation (CV) of a normally distributed process variable, namely, the progressive CV (PCV) and progressive resetting CV (PRCV) control charts , respectively. The implementation of the proposed charts is presented, and the necessary design parameters are provided. Through extensive numerical simulations, it is shown that the proposed PCV and PRCV charts outperform several existing control charts to detect the initial OC signals, especially for the small and moderate CV shifts, under each combination of the shift size, the sample size, and the in‐control target value of the CV. In addition, the application of the proposed control charts is illustrated by a detection example for a spinning process.
Determination of trace fluoride in water samples by silylation and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis
Authors: Du Jingru , Sheng Chunqi , Wang Yan , Zhang Huarong , Jiang Kezhi 
Published: March 2021

RationaleDue to the ubiquity of fluorides and the small gap between a safe dose and a harmful one, it is necessary to develop a robust analytical method for determination of fluoride ions in various water samples with complex matrices.MethodsSilylation of the fluoride ion was carried out by treatment with hydrochloric acid and phenyldimethylchlorosilane at room temperature. The formed phenyldimethylfluorosilane was detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).ResultsUnder the optimized conditions, linearity in the analytical method ranged from 0.050 to 5.0 μg/mL for the fluoride ion with R2 >0.9999. Reasonable reproducibility was obtained with the intraday relative standard deviation (RSD) (N = 5) of 2.04% and interday RSD (N = 5) of 3.75% at the concentration of 0.10 μg/mL. The developed method has been successfully applied to determine the fluoride ion in real water samples, including waste water samples, with the recovery between 81.12% and 113.04%.ConclusionsA robust method for the determination of the fluoride ion has been developed by silylation with phenyldimethylchlorosilane and GC/MS analysis. The established method showed good anti‐interference and precision, and it has been applied for determination of the fluoride ion in various water samples.
A robust distributed receding horizon control synthesis approach for simultaneous tracking, regulation and formation of multiple perturbed wheeled vehicles with collision avoidance
Authors: Wang Peng , Feng Xinxi , Li Weihua , Ping Xubin , Yu Wangsheng , Qin Xianxiang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis article proposes a robust distributed receding horizon control (RDRHC) synthesis approach for the simultaneous tracking, regulation and formation of multiple perturbed wheeled vehicles with collision avoidance. By successfully extending a tube‐based RHC approach proposed in our previous work and elaborately designing the collision avoidance and compatibility constraints, a nominal control optimization problem is constructed for each vehicle with recursive feasibility guarantee, and the associated RDRHC algorithms with and without on‐line optimization are presented for implementation. By applying the presented algorithms, the multiple perturbed wheeled vehicles can be steered to achieve the desired tracking, regulation and formation objective with satisfying the pre‐specified constraints and avoiding collision. Both theoretical properties and practical effectiveness of the proposed approach are verified through a simulation example.
Compost applications increase bacterial community diversity in the apple rhizosphere
Authors: Sharaf Hazem , Thompson Ashley A. , Williams Mark A. , Peck Gregory M. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSustainable practices are key to the improvement of soil fertility and quality in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) orchards. Rootstock genotype and fertilizer inputs can alter soil biology, as well as aboveground traits including nutrient acquisition. In this study, a factorial design was used to assess the interaction between two apple rootstocks, ‘Geneva 41’ (‘G.41’) and ‘Malling 9’ (‘M.9’) with four fertilizer treatments [chicken‐litter compost, yardwaste compost, fertigation using Ca(NO3)2, and an unamended control]. The bacterial community in the rhizosphere was assessed for its impact on both plant and soil properties for each rootstock × fertilizer treatment combination. The bacterial community was dominated by Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Planctomycetes, but Verrucomicrobia and Chloroflexi were the most responsive to the fertilizer treatments. The chicken litter and yardwaste treatments had a greater effect on bacterial community structure than the control. Yardwaste, in particular, was associated with increased relative abundance of Chloroflexi, which was correlated with soil nutrient concentrations. Malling 9 had a greater bacterial diversity than G.41, but the rootstock treatment had no independent effect on the rhizosphere community structure. There was, however, a strong interaction between the rootstock and fertilizer treatments. Carbon cycling was the most prominent functional change associated with the soil bacterial community. These results suggest that compost amendments have a more positive effect on soil bacterial activity and nutrient availability than Ca(NO3)2. Our work shows that waste‐stream amendments can lead to multiple positive responses, such as increasing aboveground tree biomass, thus potentially improving orchard productivity.