bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le classicisme français : une vision programmatique de la traduction
Authors: Balliu Christian 
Published: May 2021

Le classicisme français a écrit les plus belles pages de la littérature française. La traduction y était très en vogue et ne constituait en aucune manière un genre mineur. Elle était considérée comme un art d’écriture à part entière et les traducteurs étaient assimilés aux écrivains : ils siégeaient d’ailleurs en nombre important au sein de l’Académie française.Comme toujours dans l’histoire, la traduction épousera les préoccupations socio-culturelles du moment et elle se tournera donc tout naturellement vers la littérature. Il s’agira d’adapter aux ors du siècle l’héritage littéraire, moral et philosophique des Anciens, lesquels deviennent le modèle à suivre. Cette adaptation intraculturelle diachronique servira la cause d’un dix-septième siècle fondamentalement monarchique et chrétien.Dans la dernière partie du règne du Roi-Soleil, la dévotion à la personne et à la politique royales fera place à la contestation pour inaugurer un dix-huitième siècle qui sera celui de la « civilisation ». La lutte contre la monarchie de droit divin et en faveur d’une société laïque entraînera la traduction dans un autre projet : celui d’une adaptation interculturelle synchronique marquée par une ouverture aux autres cultures et une remise en question de modèles préétablis.On peut en conclure que l’âge classique en France se caractérise par une véritable vision programmatique de la traduction.
Construire une anthologie du discours arabe sur la traduction
Authors: Salama-Carr Myriam 
Published: May 2021

L’histoire de la traduction, en tant que pratique et discours, qu’elle ait pour objet une période donnée ou une aire linguistique, ou qu’elle s’intéresse aux traducteurs en tant qu’agents, fait aujourd’hui partie intégrante de la traductologie. Les défis épistémologiques et méthodologiques des travaux qui s’en réclament suscitent une réflexion croissante. Prenant appui sur ces travaux, le présent article s’articule autour d’un projet de recherche portant sur l’élaboration d’une anthologie du discours arabe sur la traduction ancré dans une histoire culturelle et intellectuelle (IXe-XIXe siècles). L’article se propose de discuter les enjeux qui se présentent en matière de sélection et d’ordonnancement des textes. En prenant comme points de départ et d’arrivée deux mouvements emblématiques de la traduction vers l’arabe, à savoir la traduction des textes syriaques et grecs à Bagdad (IXe siècle), et la traduction de langues européennes, en particulier le français, dans le cadre de Nahḍa, la Renaissance arabe du XIXe siècle, l’anthologie devrait permettre de dégager les constantes et la diversité d’une tradition donnée tout en contribuant à une histoire « universelle » de la traduction.
Onomastique, traduction et jeux de pouvoir
Authors: Raguet Christine 
Published: May 2021

Pouvoir politique, pouvoir stylistique, pouvoir de séduction, pouvoir de cohésion, pouvoir poétique… les noms propres exercent-ils de tels pouvoirs ? Et leur traduction est-elle sensible aux enjeux que ces jeux de pouvoir impliquent ?Ces questions sont l’objet d’une réflexion qui se fonde en partie sur l’ouvrage de Michel Ballard consacré à la traduction des noms propres ainsi que sur quelques articles complémentaires.Si, contre toute attente, le nom propre révèle sa nature instable et temporaire, la traduction y participe sans doute. C’est pourquoi les modifications qu’entraîne le changement de système linguistico-culturel peuvent avoir un impact fondamental sur la dimension littéraire, mais aussi politique des noms propres. Ceci s’observe en particulier dans leur vie translinguistique par le biais des associations qui peuvent influer sur leur perception et leur mode de diffusion.
Crystallization of vaterite and aragonite on chitin whiskers
Authors: Ofem Michael Ikpi 
Published: May 2021

The need for the possibility of producing calcium carbonate crystals by the evaporation method within five minutes and the growth of different calcium carbonate polymorphs on chitin whiskers within the same time frame at room temperature necessitated these report. Chitin whiskers (CHWs) were used as insoluble substrates, while poly (acrylic) acid (PAA) is used as soluble additive. The crystals were grown in chitin whiskers, Poly (acrylic) acid and CHW/PAA composites. The volume fractions for aragonite, vaterite, and calcite are 0.10, 0.25, and 0.65, respectively, in the absence of chitin whiskers or Poly (acrylic) acid. Calcite and aragonite volume fractions decrease in favour of vaterite when PAA and or CHWs were added. SEM images in the absence of CHWs and PAA shows rhombohedral calcites that display steady and step like plane appearances with an average edge of between 1.3 and 1.4 μm. In the presence of only CHWs, the SEM images show a mixture of ellipsoidal and spherical shape vaterites. The spherical vaterites have smooth, rough, and some irregular surfaces. Rod-like aragonite polymorphs were seen when only PAA was used as the template. In the presence of both PAA and CHWs, the rhombohedral shape showed roughness with irregular faces.
Keywords: Chitin whisker, Calcium carbonate, Calcium, vaterite aragonite, Polymorph, Mole fraction
Promoting made in Nigeria leather products: a case study of Nigeria leather products on E-commerce platform
Authors: Siyanbola Afeez Babatunde , Tangang Jerry , Idris Idris , Danjuma Daniel 
Published: May 2021

This paper focused on assessing the viability of promoting made in Nigeria leather products on electronic commerce platforms using the leather products produced in Nigeria Institute of Leather Science and Technology, Zaria (NILEST) as a case study. The paper acknowledged the quality and competitive market value of NILEST leather products. Promoted leather products were purposively selected and arranged for a photographic session. Each of the leather works are photographed from different angles. The photographed product images were enhanced on the computer and uploaded for promotion into an existing e-commerce platform. The opinions of one hundred thirty (130) e-commerce shoppers were sampled through a closed questionnaire. The outcome showed that appealing display of leather works from all sides on an e-commerce platform gives shoppers a convincing grasp of the promoted products, and this can influence patronage of the leather works. It was recommended that the leather industry should explore the limitless capabilities offered by e-commerce to leverage an impressive market acceptance transcending geographical barriers. Also, makers of leather products must embrace best practices in their chain-value of production to churn out appealing leather works that attract patronage online.
Keywords: Nigerian Leather, Promotion, Merchandizing, Colour Ecommerce Platform
MiR-214 promotes renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy via targeting SOCS1
Authors: Xi Weiwei , Zhao Xuming , Wu Meijun , Fu Xueqin , Jia Wenjuan , Lu Mingxi , Li Hua 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To elucidate how miR-214 regulates the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN).
Methods: The extent of fibrosis in DN mice kidneys was examined using Masson’s staining. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to determine the levels of miR-214. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the target of miR-214. The expression of fibrosis marker proteins of high glucose-stimulated NRK-52E cells transfected with miR-214 was determined using western blotting.
Results: Fibrosis in renal tissue of DN mice was significantly increased and miR-214 was upregulated (p < 0.001). Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 protein (SOCS1) was the target gene of miR-214, and overexpression of miR-214 promoted fibrosis (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). On the other hand, overexpression of SOCS1 inhibited this process, indicating that miR-214 promoted fibrosis via targeting SOCS1 (p < 0.001). Finally, inhibition of miR-214 c ameliorated renal fibrosis in DN mice (p < 0.01, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: MiR-214 is upregulated in db/db DN mice kidney tissue; miR-214 regulates renal fibrosis in DN mice by targeting SOCS1.
Effect of Taoren-Quyu decoction on endometriosis in rats
Authors: Jin Ye , Zheng Jian-hua 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To study the effect of traditional Chinese Medicine formula Taoren-Quyu decoction (TQD) on endometriosis.
Method: Fifty female Wistar rats were randomly separated into five groups (10 rats/group): normal control, model (untreated) group, positive control (danazol), 200 mg/kg/day (low dose) or 400 mg/kg/day (high dose). All rats were prepared into endometriosis except for normal control rats. TDQ groups rats were orally administered of TQD for 5 weeks. After treatment, the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The number of total endometriotic lesions were counted. Serum levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), interleukin 13 (IL-13), interleukin 18 (IL-18) and peritoneal fluid tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) were measured by ELISA kits.
Result: Compared with control rats, TQD reduced the number of total endometriotic lesions significantly (12.7 ± 1.2, p < 0.01), as well as serum levels of CA-125 (6.4 ± 1.2 U/mL), IL-18 (118.6 ± 7.4 pg/mL), IL13 (6.3 ± 0.8 pg/mL) and peritoneal fluid TNF-α (231.5 ± 11.7 pg/mL) (p < 0.01).
Conclusion: The results reveal that TQD exerts anti-endometriotic effect in rats by inhibiting inflammatory factors. Therefore, TQD has potentials for use in the treatment of endometriosis.
Establishment of a male Wistar rat model of nanobacteriainduced kidney stones
Authors: Qian Biao , Pokhrel Gaurab , Wang Qinzhang , Liu Jihong 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To establish a male Wistar rat model of nanobacteria (NB)-induced kidney stones.
Methods: Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (NC group) given caudal vein injection of saline + saline gavage, and NB-induced stone group (NBS group) given caudal vein injection of NB + saline gavage.
Results: Compared with NC, serum creatinine, blood uric acid, urea nitrogen and urinary calcium levels in NBS group increased between weeks 3 and 8 (p < 0.05). Kidney index (kidney weight/body weight ratio) in the NBS group was higher than that in NC group from weeks 8-10. At week 8, urine pH and serum phosphorus in NBS group were higher than those in NC group (p < 0.05). Between weeks 6 and 7, serum calcium in NBS group was higher than that in NC group (p < 0.05). Calcium crystals in NBS rats were distributed mostly in the distal and proximal convoluted tubules. However, no such crystals were observed in NC rats. Similarly, no such pathological changes were seen in the renal tissue of NC group. Calculus analysis showed that stone formation was higher in NBS group than in NC group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in micro-CT between the two groups (p ˃ 0.05).
Conclusion: The successful establishment of the Wistar rat kidney stone model using NB cultured from urine of upper urinary tract stone patient is potentially useful for further etiological studies on kidney stone formation.
Total flavones of Desmodium styracifolium antagonize calcium oxalate monohydrate-triggered IL-2Rβ expression in renal epithelial cells
Authors: Xie Haijie , Yang Rui , Xu Yong , Liu Chunyu 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To explore the effect of total flavone of Desmodium styracifolium (TFDS) on calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM)-triggered IL-2Rβ expression in human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells.
Methods: Human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 was treated with COM, TFDS or both. The expression of IL-2Rβ was evaluated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or flow cytometry. The responsiveness of HK-2 cells to IL-2 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), qPCR and western blot. The signaling mechanism underlying the effect of TFDS was studied using western blot and qPCR. The clinical relevance of IL-2Rβ to renal inflammation was investigated by re-analyzing a Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset.
Results: Total flavones of Desmodium styracifolium (TFDS) antagonize COM-triggered IL-2Rβ expression in HK-2 cells, thus reducing the responsiveness of HK-2 cells to IL-2 stimulation. Mechanistically, TFDS dampens IL-2Rβ expression by preventing the activation of STAT3. The level of IL-2Rβ is positively correlated with the inflammatory status of the kidney.
Conclusions: The total flavones of Desmodium styracifolium (TFDS) prevent the upregulation of IL2Rβ in renal epithelial cells upon COM stimulation in a STAT3-dependent manner.
Biochemical, rheological and hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) evaluation of Archachatina marginata (snail) mucin extract for possible nutraceutical and nano biopharmaceutical applications
Authors: Momoh Mumuni A. , Chime Salome A. , Ogbodo Daniel U. , Akudike Pricillia K. , Udochukwu Stanley U. , Ossa Emmanuel C. , Kenechukwu Franklin C. , Ofokans Kenneth C. , Attama Anthony A. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the rheological, biochemical, hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of Archachatina marginata (snail) mucin extract for possible use as a nutraceutical and nano biopharmaceutical material.
Methods: Snail mucin was extracted with acetone and water, lyophilized and the biochemical, proximate and mineral analyses of the extracts were studied using standard methods. The rheological properties of the extracts (1, 2, 4 and 8 % w/v) and their emulsion-based preparations were evaluated. Other physicochemical properties and HLB values of the preparations were also determined.
Results: Snail mucin extracts contained protein (84 %), fats (2.91 %) and carbohydrate (1.2 %) and showed significant nutraceutical composition (p < 0.05). Ash content of 4.21 and 4.12 % was obtained for water and acetone extracts, respectively. Moisture content was < 9 % for both the aqueous and nonaqueous mucin extracts. Potassium, calcium and phosphorus were present in high quantities in the extracts while iron, copper and zinc were in trace amounts (< 4 %). Mucin dispersions exhibited viscosity in the range of 0.89 to 0.93 cp. Water sorption and dry weight were higher in the acetone extract than in the aqueous extract. The HLB values, which ranged from 7 to 15, were within the acceptable values for material for nanobiopharmaceutical application, except that the acetone extract.
Conclusion: Snail mucin exhibits good nutraceutical properties and also possesses good properties that render it a potential excipient for use in the formulation of drug delivery systems
Cryptosystem based on a key function of a real variable
Authors: Avramenko Viktor , Demianenko Volodymyr 
Published: May 2021

Using the function of a real variable in cryptosystems as a key allows you to increase its cryptographic strength, because it is more difficult to pick up such key. Therefore, the development of such systems is relevant. A cryptosystem with a symmetric key is offered. This key is some function of a real variable that satisfies some restrictions. It can be either continuous or discrete.
The transmitting and receiving parties select the key-function, the first transmitted character or the first transmitted value for the analog message, the function area of the key function, and the step of changing the function argument. A Disproportion over first-order derivative is used to encrypt an analog message.
The Cauchy problem is solving for decrypting this message. Discrete messages are encrypted using the first-order disproportionality integral function. Decryption is performed by the inverse transformation of the formula for integral disproportion.
Algorithms for encrypting and decrypting messages are presented. The ability to encrypt and decrypt text information, 2D graphic images, as well as analog messages are shown. The examples show the complexity to pick up the key function and the cryptographic strength of the proposed cryptosystem.
A cryptosystem, in which the function of a real variable is used as a key and as well as disproportion functions are used, is suitable for encryption of both discrete and continuous messages. To “crack” such a system, it is required to pick up the form of the key function and to find the values of its parameters with very high accuracy. That is, the system has high cryptographic strength.
S Surga dan Neraka, Kekekalan Umat Manusia di akhirat Perspektif al-Quran
Authors: Mujahidin Muhammad Saekul 
Published: May 2021

Pada hakekatnya surga dan neraka adalah ciptaan Allah swt. dengan kata lain surga dan neraka adalah sebagai makhluk. Namun hal ini tidak berarti surga dan neraka tidak kekal karena merupakan ciptaan Allah (makhluk), tetap surga dan neraka dikekalkan atas kuasa Allah swt, kekekalan Allah dengan kekekalan makhluk-Nya jelas berbeda. Kekekalan Allah swt. adalah berdasarkan zat-Nya dan kekalnya surga dan neraka adalah karena Allah sendiri yang berkehendak untuk memberikannya. Sekalipun begitu, terdapat pula golongan-golongan orang yang menganggap dirinya akan masuk surga selamanya, akan tetapi narasi tersebut tidak berlaku dihadapan Allah swt yang memiliki segalanya, karena agar bisa kekal di surga maupun neraka mempunyai pedoman-pedoman tertentu. bentuk penelitian ini menggunakan Library Research (penelitian kepustakaan) yang dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data sebanyak-banyaknya, mengklarifikasi serta menelaah beberapa literatur yang berkaitan dengan penelitian yang di bahas. al-Qur’an tidak hanya menginformasikan gambaran atau bentuk surga dan neraka tetapi sekaligus menginformasikan siapa saja penghuni surag dan neraka yang kekal abadi, salah satunya seperti seseorang harus beriman agar dirinya bisa masuk surga, begitupun juga penduduk neraka yang dihuni oleh orang-orang yang tidak mau beriman. Maka kekalnya surga dan neraka adalah kehendak Allah swt. karena urusan mengekalkan surga dan neraka, penghuninya dan nikmatnya diserahkan sepenunya kepada Allah. Allah swt. Maha Berkuasa terhadap sesuatu dan Dia dapat melakukan apa yang dikehendaki-Nya.
Kata Kunci : Surga, Neraka, Kekekalan, al-Qur`an
Covid-19, distanciamento social e terceira idade
Authors: Montenegro Maria Eleusa , Gomes Adrianne Martins , Ferreira Matheus Duraes , Da Silva Daniel Alves , Salviano Ana Regina Melo 
Published: May 2021

A COVID-19 é uma doença que pode ser letal, principalmente para as pessoas na terceira idade e/ou com comorbidades. O distanciamento social determinado a todas as pessoas e, principalmente, necessário aos idosos. Como se trata de um dos grupos mais vulneráveis, originou-se o questionamento: a terceira idade está cumprindo esse distanciamento e como eles estão se sentindo? Desta forma, o objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar se os idosos estão cumprindo o distanciamento social e como eles estão se sentindo no período da pandemia. A pesquisa utilizada foi a qualitativa, pela abertura das questões e sua análise. O instrumento foi a entrevista. Participaram deste trabalho 20 idosos, acima de 60 anos. Os principais resultados da pesquisa foram: os idosos em sua maioria receberam visitas no período da pandemia e relataram ter saído de casa; 11 entrevistados relataram ter tido algum problema de saúde, relacionados a doenças físicas e a transtornos psíquicos, como ansiedade e depressão. Espera-se que o trabalho realizado e divulgado possa ser uma contribuição para o conhecimento dos idosos durante o distanciamento social, devido à pandemia, e seu comportamento nesse período.Palavras-chave: COVID-19 e terceira idade. Distanciamento social e idosos. Comportamento dos idosos na pandemia.
СТЕПЕНЬ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ЭХИНОКОККОЗА НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН
Authors: Абдыбекова А.М Барахов Б.Б Джунисбаева С.М.  
Published: May 2021

В статье представлены результаты проведенных в 2019-2020 годы исследований по степени распространения ларвального эхинококкоза в различных регионах Республики Казахстан. Установлено, что среди сельскохозяйственных животных, которые являются промежуточными хозяевами в цикле развития паразита, свиньи, верблюды и козы имеют меньшее эпизоотологическое значение в распространении возбудителя инвазии. Причиной тому являются:- клеточное содержание свиней (система замкнутого содержания животных, которая препятствует распространению инвазии), ограниченное количество сторожевых собак на свинофермах;- малые объемы производства, переработки и потребления в республике верблюжатины и козлятины, в связи с низкой численностью этих животных в стране.
Лошади не могут участвовать в поддержании эпизоотической цепи паразита на территории нашей республики, так как по результатам многолетних исследований у указанных животных устанавливали только ацефалоцисты (цисты без протосколексов) мелких размеров. Анализ полученных данных по заболеваемости людей показал, что к зоне высокой степени распространения эхинококкоза относятся южные регионы страны, в других областях показатели заболеваемости на 100 тысяч населения не превышают среднереспубликанский.
Preparation and Development of Fig Fruit Jam Blended with Different Level of Apple Pulp
Authors: Khan Arsalan , Shah Falak Naz , Zeb Qamar , Zeeshan Muhammad , Iqbal Huzaifa , Noor Hamid 
Published: May 2021

Fig is familiar in the World as a edible fruit, but technically it is not a fruit it is a container, called a syconium, which is oddly an inside out flower cluster. The present study was conducted to prepare a value-added product form fig fruit blended with apple pulp. The jam was prepared with different combination of fig pulp and apple pulp, 200:200, 250:150, 300:100, 350: 50 and 400:00. The treatments were analyzed physio-chemically and sensory for a total period of 90 days. The statistical results revealed that treatment have a significant (P<0.05) on physio-chemical and sensory attributes of jam. The physio- chemical study revealed that pH, ascorbic acid and non-reducing sugar decreased significantly, while TSS, reducing sugar and % acidity showed a significant increased during 90 days of storage. In sensory attributes, the control and test samples showed a significant difference in texture, taste and colour. The sensory results indicated that with decreased in the apple pulp the texture properties decreases and the opacity increased. The statistical results showed treatment T1(200:200) was found best among the other treatments followed by T2 (250:150) in chemical and sensory attributes. The new formulated product can serve as a good spread on bread and other etc.
Wheat Crop Cultivation's Profitability Studies in Sugar Crop Dominated Areas
Authors: Elahi Muhammad Ehsan , Joyia Muhammad Mansoor , Ali Asghar 
Published: May 2021

The study was conducted at Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC), Dera Ismail Khan (D.I.Khan) to evaluate cost and benefit of wheat cultivation in district Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Paktoon Khwa province of Pakistan during 2015. The basic underlying assumption of economic analysis of wheat production was to assess the farmers/growers financial impact of wheat cultivation. A sample of 200 respondents from 10 major wheat growing villages of the respective areas of the district was interviewed through pretested questionnaire. The study revealed that the cost of wheat production was Rs=35,680 per acres, whereas output comes 1650 Kg per acre (42 mounds) amounting Rs=63,600 per acre. Farmers' margin also rises by adding the value of family labour and owned land which is sufficient to sustain a normal family. Moreover, positive influence between return price and output of wheat was concluded from the study, whereas negative effect of cost was also observed. The output elasticity of Land Preparation (LP), Seed and Sowing (SS), Farm Inputs (FI), Irrigation (Irr), Pesticides (Pest) and Harvesting/Threshing (HT) are 0.124587, 0.31244, 0.5874, 0.55461, 0.08248 and 0.65743, respectively.