bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Si/N/P‐Containing Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin with Excellent Comprehensive Performance
Authors: Mingfeng Chen , Huawei Qiao , Shanshan Li , Wei Zhong , Jiashui Lan , Canpei Liu , Huagui Zhang 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBecause of the highly inherent flammability of epoxy resin (EP), its application especially in high‐performance fields that have demands on flame retardancy was greatly limited. Herein, a novel Si/N/P‐containing flame retardant (PMBZ) was prepared to solve the flammability defects of EP. In particular, the sample with 10.0 wt% PMBZ reached a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 32.4 % and could successfully pass UL‐94 V‐0 rating. Meanwhile, there was a 16.1 % and 22.4 % decrease in total smoke production (TSP) and total heat release (THR), respectively. The satisfactory flame retardancy and smoke suppression were due to the introduction of PMBZ, which could function both in condensed and gas phases through forming a compact and coherence self‐extinguishing char layer and inducing a dilution effect. More importantly, the tensile strength, impact strength and flexural strength had also increased by 33.0 %, 53.7 % and 20.7 %, respectively, which indicated the incorporation of PMBZ could also maintain its desired mechanical properties due to the excellent compatibility and enhanced intermolecular interactions. This work provides an exploitable flame retardant additive for epoxy resin to guarantee a superior flame retardancy, favorable smoke suppression and mechanical properties.
Metal‐Free Electrocatalytic C(sp2)‐H Acyloxylation of Aromatic Ring to Synthesis of Acetoxylated Phenylethers
Authors: Chai Yao , Liu Xiao‐Jun , Tian Ya‐Ling , Wang Xi‐Cun , Quan Zheng‐Jun 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis report describes the electrocatalytic regioselective acyloxylation and halogenation of aromatic C(sp2)‐H bond in an undivided cell without any toxic or expensive metals. This electrocatalytic acyoxylation of phenyl ether resulted in chemoselective C−H bond functionalization to give a series of aryl ether products with acyloxy, hydroxyl and halogen group. In addition, cyclic voltammograms showed that the electrode was the first step to oxidize aromatic rings, and a possible mechanism was proposed based on the experimental results.
Oxyselenocyclization of 2‐Allylphenols for the Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydrobenzofuran Selenides
Authors: Hellwig Paola S. , Barcellos Angelita M. , Furst Carolina G. , Alberto Eduardo E. , Perin Gelson 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe reaction between Oxone® and various di(hetero)aryl or alkyl diselenides enables the formation of an electrophilic selenium species in situ capable to induce the oxyselenocyclization of 2‐allylphenols. This versatile and safe protocol was explored to combine two privileged scaffolds into the structure of products: the 2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran core and an organoselenium moiety. Fifteen 2‐[(organoselanyl)methyl]‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans were produced, broadening considerably the number of known examples of this hybrid compound. Moreover, preparation of sulfur and tellurium 2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans derivatives was also successfully demonstrated.
Aspiration formation and attention rules
Authors: Berchicci Luca , Tarakci Murat 
Published: December 2021

AbstractResearch SummaryThe behavioral theory of the firm (BTOF) proposes that firm behavior is goal‐directed and that organizational aspirations are a function of prior historical aspirations, past performance, and the performance of others. Despite the centrality of aspirations in the BTOF, little is known about aspiration formation and why firms favor one aspiration type over others, that is, attention rules. Drawing on the attention‐based view, we posit that attention rules are shaped by environmental volatility over time and vary by locus of attention across firms. Data from US manufacturing firms managing their toxic chemical waste provide evidence for attention‐rule adaptation.Managerial SummaryFirms must set aspirations, measure, and improve their toxic waste levels to avoid costly economic, regulatory, and environmental hazards. Although aspirations play a vital role in driving firm behavior, we still have limited understanding of how managers allocate their attention to various performance feedback during aspiration formation. We argue that attention allocation differs for managers across organizational hierarchy exposed to varying degrees of environmental volatility. Greater volatility of the business environment steers managerial attention from the performance of others toward their own historical aspirations. We also suggest that the attention of managers at higher levels of the organizational structure are directed from their own historical aspirations toward performance of others. We find corroborating evidence for our conjectures.
Dual‐Encapsulated Highly Conductive and Liquid‐Free Phase Change Composites Enabled by Polyurethane/Graphite Nanoplatelets Hybrid Networks for Efficient Energy Storage and Thermal Management
Authors: Wu Minqiang , Li Tingxian , Wang Pengfei , Wu Si , Wang Ruzhu , Lin Jie 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPhase change materials (PCMs) are regarded as promising candidates for realizing zero‐energy thermal management of electronic devices owing to their high thermal storage capacity and stable working temperature. However, PCM‐based thermal management always suffers from the long‐standing challenges of low thermal conductivity and liquid leakage of PCMs. Herein, a dual‐encapsulation strategy to fabricate highly conductive and liquid‐free phase change composites (PCCs) for thermal management by constructing a polyurethane/graphite nanoplatelets hybrid networks is reported. The PCM of polyethylene glycol (PEG) is first infiltrated into the cross‐linked network of polyurethane (PU) to synthesize hybridized semi‐interpenetrated composites (PEG@PU), and then incorporated with reticulated graphite nanoplatelets (RGNPs) via pressure‐induced assembly to fabricate highly conductive PCCs (PEG@PU‐RGNPs). The hybrid networks enable the PCCs to show excellent mechanical strength, liquid‐free phase change, and stable thermal property. Notably, the dual‐encapsulated PCCs exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivities up to 27.0 W m−1 K−1 and 51.0 S cm−1, superior to the state‐of‐the‐art PEG‐based PCCs. Furthermore, the PCC‐based energy device is demonstrated for efficient battery thermal management toward versatile demands of active preheating at a cold environment and passive cooling at a hot ambient. Overall, this work provides a promising route for fabricating highly conductive and liquid‐free PCCs toward thermal management.
Synergetic Piezo‐Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution on CdxZn1‐xS Solid‐Solution 1D Nanorods
Authors: Lin Sen , Li Shutao , Huang Hongwei , Yu Han , Zhang Yihe 
Published: December 2021

AbstractConversion of solar and mechanical vibration energies for catalytic water splitting into H2 has gained substantial attention recently. However, the sluggish charge separation and inefficient energy utilization in photocatalytic and piezocatalytic processes severely restrict the catalytic activity. In this paper, efficient piezo‐photocatalytic H2 evolution from water splitting is realized via simultaneously converting solar and vibration energy over one‐dimensional (1D) nanorod‐structured CdxZn1‐xS (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) solid solutions. Under combined visible light and ultrasound irradiation, Cd0.4Zn0.6S 1D nanorods deliver a prominently synergetic piezo‐photocatalytic H2 yield rate of 4.45 mmol g−1 h−1, far exceeding that under sole ultrasound or illumination. The consumedly promoted catalytic activity of Cd0.4Zn0.6S is attributed to strengthened charge separation by piezo‐potential as disclosed by light‐assisted scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM), increased strain sensitivity, and desirable optimization between piezoelectricity and visible‐light response due to the formation of 1D configuration and solid solution. Metal and metal oxide depositions disclose that reduction and oxidation reactions separately occur at the tips and lateral edges of the Cd0.4Zn0.6S nanorods, in which the spatially separated reactive sites also contribute to super catalytic activity. This work is expected to inspire a new design strategy of coupled catalysis reactions for efficient renewable fuel production.
A flexible approach for virtual machine selection in cloud data centers with AHP
Authors: Ahmadi Javad , Toroghi Haghighat Abolfazl , Rahmani Amir Masoud , Ravanmehr Reza 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIncreasing resource efficiency and reducing the energy consumption of cloud data centers is critical, especially during the global CORONA virus pandemic. Virtual machines' consolidation using live migration maximizes the hosts' and the reduction of energy consumption. An increase in the host's virtual machines in the consolidation process and the dynamic workload of the virtual machines may cause the overloading in the hosts. One approach to overcome this problem is reducing the hosts' virtual machines. One crucial issue to improve the quality of the consolidation process's quality is determining the best virtual machine for the migration process. Although the selection process has lower computational complexity than other challenges (like placement and overload prediction) in the consolidation process, this issue has received less attention. This article aims to present an efficient algorithm for the selection process. We first considered five main criteria for the selection process: migration time, migration risk, virtual machine connectivity, releasable resources, and penalty for SLA violation. Then, we propose an algorithm based on analytic hierarchy process multi‐criteria decision‐making technique. Next, to determine the weight of the proposed criteria, we simulate thousands of virtual machines of the PlanetLab workloads. These weights are tunable based on the data center preferences. The results of the suggested approach results show 23% reduction in the hosts' energy consumption, 49% reduction in the number of migrations, and 18% reduction in the SLA violation compared with other techniques. So, using the proposed method may significantly reduce the overall cost of the data centers.
Modulating metal–organic frameworks for catalyzing acidic oxygen evolution for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis
Authors: Xu Xiaomin , Sun Hainan , Jiang San Ping , Shao Zongping 
Published: December 2021

AbstractProton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis represents one of the most promising technologies to achieve green hydrogen production, but currently its practical viability is largely affected by the slow reaction kinetics of the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an acidic environment. While noble metal‐based catalysts containing iridium or ruthenium are excellent catalysts for the acidic OER, their practical use in PEM electrolyzers is hindered due to their low abundance and high cost. Most recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been demonstrated as a perfect platform to facilitate the design of acidic OER catalysts with both high efficiency and cost‐effectiveness. Here, we provide a timely and comprehensive overview of the recent progress on MOF‐based acidic OER catalysts. The fundamental mechanisms of the acidic OER are first introduced, followed by a summary of the development of pristine MOFs and MOF derivatives as acidic OER catalysts. Importantly, a number of catalyst design strategies are discussed aiming at improving the acidic OER catalytic performance of MOF‐based candidates. The integration of MOF‐based catalysts into real PEM water electrolyzers is also included. Finally, future research directions are provided to achieve better MOF‐based catalysts operational in acidic environments and PEM devices.
Dynamic Assessment of L2 Writing: Exploring the Potential of Rubrics as Mediation in Diagnosing Learner Emerging Abilities
Authors: Poehner Matthew E. , Yu Lu 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRubrics, commonly used in L2 writing programs, not only facilitate teacher grading of student writing, but also serve the purpose of providing feedback to improve learners’ texts. While the potential of rubrics to support writing development more generally has been discussed, realizing that potential through specific pedagogical practices remains under‐researched. Grounded in Vygotskian theory, this study conceptualizes rubrics as a mediating tool for diagnosing and promoting learner writing abilities. We report data concerning two focal participants from a larger study of Dynamic Assessment (DA) in an English academic writing program. A three‐step DA procedure was followed: learners independently produced a draft, reviewed it alongside a mediator who offered prompts, feedback, and guidance, and then independently revised their writing. Both the pre‐ and post‐mediation drafts were rated according to a writing rubric, and comparisons of these ratings highlighted learner responsiveness to mediation. In addition, the mediator annotated the rubric during interaction to reflect the extent of mediation offered and particular areas of learner struggle. Together, the ratings and annotations provided a profile of learner abilities – developed and emerging. From a Vygotskian perspective, the latter provides the appropriate focus of instruction. Implications for use of this approach in intact classrooms are discussed.
A Transraciolinguistic Approach for Literacy Classrooms
Authors: Smith Patriann 
Published: December 2021

AbstractAcross the globe, students increasingly use literacies to cross boundaries, locally and globally, virtually and geographically, willingly and involuntarily. They cross these boundaries with versatile linguistic backgrounds that allow them to effectively navigate new school and life worlds. Many students who cross boundaries are students of color who wrestle with what it means to critically read the word and the world even as they grapple with racialization. At the intersection of students’ border‐crossing, languaging, and racialization are opportunities for understanding how teachers can center race by identifying and leveraging literate assets that immigrant and transnational students of color use to make meaning in and beyond classrooms. In this article, I present a transraciolinguistic approach as an intersectional and critical tool for centering race and racialized language while also addressing border‐crossing in students’ literacy practice. Recommendations for teachers who wish to foster a transraciolinguistic approach to support critical literacy practice for all students are discussed.
Nutritional status of socioeconomically disadvantaged children below 5 years: A cross‐sectional study from Kerala, India
Authors: Jayalakshmi Rajeev , Kannan Srinivasan 
Published: December 2021

AbstractUndernutrition among children under the age of five remains untracked in India. One in five children are undernourished even in Kerala, a developed south Indian state well known for its egalitarian development. The aim of this paper is to understand the social, economic, and political dimensions of undernutrition among children of age 6–60 months belonging to low socioeconomic households in Kerala. 468 children (50% girls) were surveyed. The prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting among the study children were 25.6%, 24.4%, and 14.4%, respectively. Acute illnesses, underweight of mothers, low standard of living, and not utilizing Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and Public Distribution System (PDS) increased the risk of children being undernourished. The study found that children below 5 years from low socioeconomic strata had a higher risk of being undernourished, proving the vicious cycle of poverty and undernutrition. The association between the nutritional statuses of mothers and children indicates the vulnerability of multiple members from poor households to be malnourished. The utilization of ICDS and PDS was found to improve nutritional status and hence, the state has to ensure that the benefits of these initiatives are reaching the neediest in adequate quantity and quality.
Three-stage limb salvage in tibial fracture related infection with composite bone and soft-tissue defect
Authors: Corona Pablo S. , Carbonell-Rosell Carla , Vicente Matías , Serracanta Jordi , Tetsworth Kevin , Glatt Vaida 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Introduction
Managing critical-sized tibial defects is one of the most complex challenges orthopedic surgeons face. This is even more problematic in the presence of infection and soft-tissue loss. The purpose of this study is to describe a comprehensive three-stage surgical protocol for the reconstruction of infected tibial injuries with combined bone defects and soft-tissue loss, and report the clinical outcomes.

Materials and methods
A retrospective study at a specialized limb reconstruction center identified all patients with infected tibial injuries with bone and soft-tissue loss from 2010 through 2018. Thirty-one patients were included. All cases were treated using a three-stage protocol: (1) infected limb damage control; (2) soft-tissue coverage with a vascularized or local flap; (3) definitive bone reconstruction using distraction osteogenesis principles with external fixation. Primary outcomes: limb salvage rate and infection eradication. Secondary outcomes: patient functional outcomes and satisfaction.

Results
Patients in this series of chronically infected tibias had been operated upon 3.4 times on average before starting our limb salvage protocol. The mean soft-tissue and bone defect sizes were 124 cm2 (6–600) and 5.4 cm (1–23), respectively. A free flap was performed in 67.7% (21/31) of the cases; bone transport was the selected bone-reconstructive option in 51.7% (15/31). Local flap failure rate was 30% (3/10), with 9.5% for free flaps (2/21). Limb salvage rate was 93.5% (29/31), with infection eradicated in all salvaged limbs. ASAMI bone score: 100% good/excellent. Mean VAS score was 1.0, and ASAMI functional score was good/excellent in 86% of cases. Return-to-work rate was 83%; 86% were “very satisfied” with the treatment outcome.

Conclusion
A three-stage surgical approach to treat chronically infected tibial injuries with combined bone and soft-tissue defects yields high rates of infection eradication and successful limb salvage, with favorable functional outcomes and patient satisfaction.
Speaking of business ethics: Bourdieu and market morality as a discursive practice
Authors: Cerne Annette 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhile communication of business ethics has increased in importance, it is often understood as being more of immaterial than material value. However, recent studies have demonstrated that language and communication can have important social consequences, changing institutional logics and daily practices in economic fields. This conceptual paper explores how sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of practice can help us understand how market morality as a discursive practice for value formation is subject not only to linguistic exchange but also market positioning and economic value. The paper offers an inter-disciplinary view of business ethics in combination with socio-linguistics, contributing with propositions for how moral language serves as a currency for business ethics, providing implications for future studies of business ethics as a socio-economic practice.
Tailoring assistive smart glasses according to pathologies of visually impaired individuals: an exploratory investigation on social needs and difficulties experienced by visually impaired individuals
Authors: Ruffieux Simon , Hwang Chiwoong , Junod Vincent , Caldara Roberto , Lalanne Denis , Ruffieux Nicolas 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent advances in the field of assistive devices technology represent a great opportunity for improving the quality of life of people with moderate to severe visual impairment. However, it is still unclear what are the precise daily difficulties, needs and expectations of the smart glasses technology for visually impaired individuals. To this aim, we conducted a survey based on three questionnaires to provide qualitative and quantitative insights on those questions across five groups suffering from various visual pathologies ($$N=50$$

N
=
50

). The results clearly showed the importance of developing tailored solutions to fulfill the heterogeneous daily difficulties and needs identified across pathologies. Overall, groups shared similar expectations regarding the assistive smart glasses functionalities in order to improve social interactions.
The EU self-surplus puzzle: an indication of VAT fraud?
Authors: Braml Martin T. , Felbermayr Gabriel J. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe world runs a trade surplus with itself: the reported values of exports exceed the reported values of imports. This is logically impossible but a well-known empirical fact. Less well-known is the fact that, in recent years, the EU has a trade surplus with itself that amounts to more than 80% of the global surplus. In this paper, we show that this EU self-surplus is worth a striking 307 billion Euro in 2018, equaling 1.9% of the Union’s GDP, which persists both in goods and services trade accounts. We further examine discrepancies in goods and services trade accounts at the country and country pair level. These are strongest between neighboring countries and exist for members of the Euro Area as well as non-members. Around the 2004 Eastern Enlargement, the EU self-surplus quadrupled. Our estimations suggest that Cyprus, Ireland, Luxembourg, and Sweden are EU Members with the most inaccurate statistical regimes. We observe systematic biases which unlikely root in random measurement error. By contrast, we suspect that a large fraction of the EU’s self-surplus puzzle seems related to fraud in value added tax (VAT). VAT exemptions for exporters provide strong incentives for the over-declaration of true export values. The resulting loss in tax income could amount to as much as 64 billion Euro per year.
Preparation of Pt electrocatalyst supported by novel, Ti(1−x)MoxO2-C type of composites containing multi-layer graphene
Authors: Ayyubov Ilgar , Vulcu Adriana , Berghian-Grosan Camelia , Tálas Emília , Borbáth Irina , Sajó István E. , Sáfrán György , Mihály Judith , Tompos András 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBall milling is a relative simple and promising technique for preparation of inorganic oxide–carbon type of composites. Novel TiO2-C and Ti0.8Mo2O2-C type of composites containing multi-layer graphene were prepared by ball milling of graphite in order to get electrocatalyst supports for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. Starting rutile TiO2 was obtained from P25 by heat treatment. Carbon-free Ti0.8Mo2O2 mixed oxide, prepared using our previously developed multistep sol–gel method, does not meet the requirements for materials of electrocatalyst support, therefore parent composites with Ti0.8Mo2O2/C = 75/25, 90/10 and 95/5 mass ratio were prepared using Black Pearls 2000. XRD study of parent composites proved that the oxide part existed in rutile phase which is prerequisite of the incorporation of oxophilic metals providing CO tolerance for the electrocatalyst. Ball milling of TiO2 or parent composites with graphite resulted in catalyst supports with enhanced carbon content and with appropriate specific surface areas. XRD and Raman spectroscopic measurements indicated the changes of graphite during the ball milling procedure while the oxide part remained intact. TEM images proved that platinum existed in the form of highly dispersed nanoparticles on the surface of both the Mo-free and of Mo-containing electrocatalyst. Electrocatalytic performance of the catalysts loaded with 20 wt% Pt was studied by cyclic voltammetry, COads-stripping voltammetry done before and after the 500-cycle stability test, as well as by the long-term stability test involving 10,000 polarization cycles. Enhanced CO tolerance and slightly lower stability comparing to Pt/TiO2-C was demonstrated for Pt/Ti0.8Mo2O2-C catalysts.