bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient dynamics during composting of human excreta, cattle manure, and organic waste affected by biochar
Authors: Castro‐Herrera Daniela , Prost Katharina , Schäfer Yonas , Kim Dong‐Gill , Yimer Fantaw , Tadesse Menfese , Gebrehiwot Mersha , Brüggemann Nicolas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractEcological sanitation via thermophilic composting could be a promising solution to the lack of sanitation and limited access to fertilizers, particularly in developing countries. Here, we conducted a 185‐d thermophilic composting experiment with human excreta, and separately with cattle manure, mixed with kitchen scraps, teff [Eragrostis tef (Zuccagni) Trotter] straw, sawdust, and biochar (BC) by using an appropriate‐technology approach. We followed the dynamics of the most important macronutrients (N, P, K), temperature, moisture, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, as well as content of organic matter, organic C, Ca, Mg, and micronutrients throughout the process. Low N (<47%), P (<9%), K (<11%), Ca (<18%), and Mg (<21%) losses and the temperature profile indicated a well‐functioning thermophilic composting process. Compost temperature was >60 °C for 7, 6, 5, and 8 consecutive days for treatments containing human excreta, human excreta amended with BC, cattle manure, and cattle manure amended with BC, respectively, suggesting a final compost product free of pathogens. The compost mixture with cattle manure and BC reached a significantly higher temperature than the same variant without BC, with a maximum value of 65.9 °C on Day 6. For all treatments, final germination index values >100% indicated compost maturity and the absence of phytotoxic substances. Biochar addition reduced losses of organic matter (18−23%), C (33−42%), and N (49−100%) and decreased the amount of extractable NO3− (32−36%) in the final compost. The tested ecological sanitation concept via thermophilic composting is thus a promising strategy to improve access to cheap fertilizer by safe and sustainable sanitation and waste management.
Rare additional chromosomal abnormalities in acute promyelocytic leukaemia resulting in rapidly fatal disease: report of a case
Authors: Haidary Ahmed Maseh , Noor Sarah , Noor Sahar , Ahmad Maryam , Yousufzai Ahmad Walid , Saadaat Ramin , Ahmed Zeeshan Ansar , Rasooli Abdul Jamil , Zahier Ahmad Shekib , Malakzai Haider Ali , Ibrahimkhil Abdul Sami , Sharif Samuel , Anwari Mohammad Sarwar , Saqib Abdul Hadi , Baryali Tawab , Nasir Najla 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAcute promyelocytic leukaemia results from reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 15 and 17. This translocation leads to the formation of chimeric gene, which is both the diagnostic marker as well as the therapeutic target of the disease. Additional chromosomal abnormalities are randomly encountered either at diagnosis or during therapy. Here, we present a case of acute promyelocytic leukaemia that had a rare cytogenetic profile at diagnosis.Case presentationOur patient was a 14‐year‐old boy, who presented with characteristic clinical and morphological features of acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Karyotypic analysis revealed trisomy of chromosome 8 with deletion of 9p in addition to t(15;17). The patient passed away within the first 8 h of presentation while receiving conventional chemotherapy and haemodynamic resuscitation.ConclusionOur patient presented with a rare cytogenetic profile and rapidly progressive disease. According to our extensive literature search, this was the first case of acute promyelocytic leukaemia having pathognomonic t(15;17) along with trisomy 8 and 9q deletion.
One‐pot synthesis of novel spirocyclic‐dihydropyrazine‐2‐(1H)ones through a Ugi 4‐CR/deprotection
Authors: Khodadadi Meysam , Ghandi Mehdi , Abbasi Alireza 
Published: November 2021

AbstractA one‐pot approach to the synthesis of new spirocyclic‐dihydropyrazine‐2‐(1H)ones is described. The Ugi four‐component condensation of cycloalkanones, carboxylic acids, cyclohexyl isocyanide and aminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal followed by acid‐catalyzed deprotection‐cyclization afforded the desired products in moderate to good yields.
SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody kinetics in blood donors with a previously positive SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody test within a seroprevalence survey
Authors: Levring Mette B. , Holm Dorte K. , Nilsson Anna C. , Bauer Joschka M. , Jensen Iben S. , Davidsen Jesper R. , Rasmussen Line D. , Sprogøe Ulrik , Lillevang Søren T. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe persistence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) antibodies is a matter of importance regarding the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19) pandemic. To observe antibody dynamics, 105 blood donors, positive for SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies by a lateral flow test within a seroprevalence study, were included in this study. Thirty‐nine (37%) of 105 the donors were confirmed positive by a total Ig Wantai enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Three (8%) in this group of 39 reported severe and 26/39 (67%) mild to moderate COVID‐19 symptoms. By further ELISA‐testing, 33/39 (85%) donors were initially positive for IgG antibodies, 31/39 (79%) for IgA, and 32/39 (82%) for IgM, while 27/39 (69%) were positive for all three isotypes. Persistence of IgG, IgA, and IgM was observed in 73%, 79%, and 32% of donors, respectively, after 6–9 months of observation. For IgM antibodies, the decline in the proportion of positive donors was statistically significant (p = 0.002) during 12 months observation, for IgG only the decline at 3 months was statistically significant (p = 0.042). Four donors exhibited notable increases in antibody levels. In conclusion, persistent SARS‐CoV‐2 IgA antibodies and IgG antibodies at 6–9 months are present in approximately three of four individuals with previous mild to moderate COVID‐19.
Long‐term trends in extreme precipitation indices in Ireland
Authors: Ryan Ciara , Curley Mary , Walsh Séamus , Murphy Conor 
Published: November 2021

AbstractKnowledge of long‐term changes in climate extremes is vital to better understand climate variability and place present day extreme events in historical context. Analysis of trends in extreme precipitation in Ireland have largely been limited to the second half of the 20th century due to lack of data availability in digital format. Using recently digitized data, this study provides the first assessment of long‐term changes in extreme daily precipitation observed at 30 locations across Ireland. Quality control of rescued data is carried out before selected long‐term stations are tested for homogeneity using the RHtests software. Details of detected breakpoints and the application of adjustments to daily values are discussed. Eleven extreme precipitation indices are calculated on an annual basis and analysed to determine spatial and temporal trends in the frequency, intensity and magnitude of observed precipitation. The persistence of trends for varying record lengths and for two fixed periods (1910–2019 and 1940–2019) of analysis is assessed for all stations and indices. Results show increases in precipitation intensity, especially notable in the east and southeast of the island. Our findings also show that the contribution of heavy and extreme precipitation events to annual totals is increasing, while there was no persistent trends in annual totals or consecutive wet or dry days.
Institution‐wide shape analysis of 3D spinal curvature and global alignment parameters
Authors: Iriondo Claudia , Mehany Sarah , Shah Rutwik , Bharadwaj Upasana , Bahroos Emma , Chin Cynthia , Diab Mohammad , Pedoia Valentina , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe spine is an articulated, 3D structure with 6 degrees of translational and rotational freedom. Clinical studies have shown spinal deformities are associated with pain and functional disability in both adult and pediatric populations. Clinical decision making relies on accurate characterization of the spinal deformity and monitoring of its progression over time. However, Cobb angle measurements are time‐consuming, are limited by interobserver variability, and represent a simplified 2D view of a 3D structure. Instead, spine deformities can be described by 3D shape parameters, addressing the limitations of current measurement methods. To this end, we develop and validate a deep learning algorithm to automatically extract the vertebral midline (from the upper endplate of S1 to the lower endplate of C7) for frontal and lateral radiographs. Our results demonstrate robust performance across datasets and patient populations. Approximations of 3D spines are reconstructed from the unit normalized midline curves of 20,118 pairs of full spine radiographs belonging to 15,378 patients acquired at our institution between 2008 and 2020. The resulting 3D dataset is used to describe global imbalance parameters in the patient population and to build a statistical shape model to describe global spine shape variations in preoperative deformity patients via eight interpretable shape parameters. The developed method can identify patient subgroups with similar shape characteristics without relying on an existing shape classification system.
Performance evaluation of prefabricated polyvinyl chloride floating dome type anaerobic biogas digester of different feeding intervals using animal waste
Authors: Haque Mohammad Enamul , Ryndin Roman , Mang Heinz‐Peter , Kabir Humayun , Rahman Mohummad Muklesur , Khasruzzaman Abul Kalam Mohammad , Uddin Mohammad Asir , Islam Mohammad Alimul 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAnaerobic digestion (AD) has many benefits and is a safe way to generate energy, address the energy shortage problem, and reduce waste and carbon emissions. The study aimed to determine the performance evaluation of prefabricated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) biogas digester and compare different feeding intervals using cow manure. This study was conducted at ambient temperature in three types of feeding practice (daily, 4‐day, and 7‐day feeding interval) to investigate the variation of biogas production and evaluation of digester performances. The composition of biogas, pH, and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) were measured regularly and weekly basis. The TVC, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. counts were determined by the spread plate technique method using PCA, EMB agar, and SS agar plate, respectively.ResultsThe comparison results of daily versus 4‐day feeding interval indicated that the total biogas and methane yield was 34% and 28% higher in 4‐day interval feeding. The average digester performance was also 34% higher in 4‐day feeding interval digester than daily feeding digester. However, the comparison results of daily versus 7‐day interval feeding indicated that the total biogas, methane yield, and digester performance were slightly higher in daily feeding. Before and after AD, the bacterial load (TVC, E. coli, and Salmonella spp. count) was reduced by 2–3 logs, and this reduction was also statistically significant (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe performance of PVC digester was highly satisfactory and good enough to fulfil the demand (0.8–1.6 m3) of a five‐member family for cooking both in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh.
Asymptotic behavior for a class of nonlocal nonautonomous problems
Authors: Bezerra Flank D. M. , da Silva Severino H. , Pereira Antônio L. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn this paper we consider the nonlocal nonautonomous evolution problem
where Ω is a smooth bounded domain in , and K is an integral operator with a symmetric kernel. We prove existence and some regularity properties of the pullback attractor. We also show additional forward asymptotic results in the asymptotically autonomous case, using the properties of the Lyapunov functional for the limiting problem.
A branch‐and‐cut algorithm for hub network design problems with profits
Authors: Gao Yuan , Xia Jun , Ke Hua 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHub network design problems with profits (HNDPPs) extend the classical hub location problems (HLPs), with the profit maximization objective. HNDPPs aim to design a service network with hub nodes and hub links, select the commodities to be served, and determine the transportation routes for the selected commodities. In this article, we allow the transportation route of each commodity to contain more than one hub link, which generalizes existing HNDPPs and is known to be more profitable. A new path‐based formulation is proposed, which is then reformulated in a Benders decomposition fashion, and an exact branch‐and‐cut algorithm is developed to solve the Benders master problem. At the nodes of the enumeration tree, Benders decomposition algorithm is used to solve a linear relaxation of the Benders master problem. When implementing the Benders decomposition algorithm, the special structure of the subproblem is explored, based on which an efficient method is proposed to generate Benders cuts. In addition, refinements and a heuristic strategy are used to speed up the branch‐and‐cut algorithm. Extensive numerical experiments on benchmark instances have been carried out to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed solution method.
Enhancement of interfacial strength of overmolded hybrid structures of short fiber reinforced polyamide 6 on continuous fiber reinforced epoxy composites under various surface pretreatments
Authors: Ding Yudong , Tang Huaping , Shi Wuping , He Qingzhu , Zhai Zhanyu 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHybrid thermoset‐thermoplastic composites were fabricated by injection overmolding technique in this paper. To improve the interfacial bonding between short fiber reinforced polyamide 6 and continuous fiber reinforced epoxy composites, three different surface pretreatment methods (i.e., surface silanization, plasma treatment and CO2 laser ablation) were employed. The results show that surface silanization leads to a weak increase in polar functional groups of thermoset composites surface, resulting in a weak increase in interfacial bonding strength of overmolded composites. Compared with plasma pretreatment, CO2 laser ablation can achieve a highest shear bonding strength due to the formation of interface between injected melt polymer and carbon fibers. This kind of structure is favorable for the bonding strength due to mechanical interlocking. CO2 laser ablation is a promising technology to improve the bonding strength between short fiber reinforced polyamide 6 and continuous fiber reinforced epoxy composites.
Elucidation of double‐bond positions of polyunsaturated alkenes through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of mono‐dimethyl disulfide derivatives
Authors: Liao Sian , Sherman Gordon , Huang Yongsong 
Published: November 2021

RationaleDerivatization with dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis is a well‐established method for locating double‐bond position on the alkyl chain of mono‐unsaturated compounds such as alkenes. For alkenes containing more than one double bond, however, the conventional DMDS derivatization approach forms poly‐ or cyclized DMDS adducts whose mass spectra are difficult to interpret in terms of double‐bond positions. In this study, we report an efficient experimental procedure to produce mono‐DMDS adducts for polyunsaturated alkenes with two to six double bonds. GC/MS analyses of these mono‐DMDS adducts yield highly characteristic mass fragments, allowing unambiguous assignments of double‐bond positions on the alkyl chain. We also apply our new approach (i.e., preferential formation of mono‐DMDS adducts during derivatization with DMDS) to determine the double‐bond positions of unsaturated alkenes produced by laboratory cultured Isochrysis litoralis, a haptophyte algal species.MethodsAlkenes from different sources were derivatized with DMDS at 25°C for 20 to 160 min. The mass spectra of mono‐DMDS adducts were obtained by GC/EI‐MS analysis of reaction products which contain chromatographically resolved mono‐DMDS adducts.ResultsMass spectra of corresponding mono‐DMDS adducts contain prominent diagnostic ions that allow a conclusive elucidation of double‐bond positions. In culture samples of Isochrysis litoralis, a series of novel mono‐ to tri‐unsaturated C31 alkenes (9‐C31:1, 6,9‐C31:2, 6,22‐C31:2, 6,25‐C31:2, 9,22‐C31:2, 6,9,25‐C31:3) were discovered for the first time.ConclusionsA highly efficient DMDS derivatization approach is developed to yield abundant mono‐DMDS adducts of polyunsaturated alkyl alkenes for elucidating double‐bond positions using GC/MS.
Building a computational model of food webs: Impacts on middle school students' computational and systems thinking skills
Authors: Rachmatullah Arif , Wiebe Eric N. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIntegral to fostering computational thinking (CT) skills, which are increasingly essential in today's digital era, has been the shift of paper‐based pictorial modeling activities to computational modeling. Research has indicated that modeling activities can advance students' understanding of a system's mechanism (i.e., systems thinking), such as an ecosystem. The current study examines the impacts of paper‐based pictorial and computational modeling activities on students' systems thinking and CT skills. A total of 751 seventh‐grade students were involved in online modeling activities, spanning over 4 days, and were assigned purposefully to a paper‐based modeling condition (n = 374) or a computational modeling (n = 377) condition. They took systems‐thinking‐embedded food web and CT assessments before and after the four activities, in addition to a formative assessment after each activity. Multilevel modeling and repeated‐measures correlation tests were used to analyze the students' quantitative data. Epistemic network analysis (ENA) was utilized to map out students' perceptions of what they believed they learned from the activities. The results revealed significant increases in the systems thinking‐embedded food web constructs in both conditions. However, the increase of CT skills in the paper‐based pictorial condition was not as significant as the increase in the computational modeling condition. ENA results showed that students in the computational modeling condition had more co‐occurrences between science and computer science or CT concepts than those in the paper‐based pictorial condition. These findings illuminate the benefit of engaging students in computationally rich science activities to advance both systems thinking and CT skills.
Clinical management of chronic hepatitis B: A concise overview
Authors: Furquim d’Almeida Arno , Ho Erwin , Van Hees Stijn , Vanwolleghem Thomas 
Published: November 2021

AbstractWorldwide, over 250 million people are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Infected patients have an up to 100‐fold increased risk for liver‐related complications, including cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation and hepatocellular carcinoma. Nonetheless, the majority of the infections remains asymptomatic, stressing the importance of HBV screening and linkage to care. Excellent clinical outcomes are seen during nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) therapy, which often is continued indefinitively due to a lack of functional cure. Increasing evidence suggests that NA discontinuation following long‐term treatment induced viral suppression in patients without a functional cure may be a favourable option. Reliable biomarkers are, however, urgently needed to select the patients that would benefit from NA withdrawal. In addition, renewed and novel approaches to improve screening and linkage to care are other fundamental factors in the optimisation of the clinical management of chronic hepatitis B.
How to get new guidelines in United European Gastroenterology: Follow the gold!
Authors: Khannoussi Wafaa 
Published: November 2021

AbstractDevelopment of new high‐quality guidelines is necessary to improve patients' care and reduce diseases burden. United European Gastroenterology (UEG) quality of care taskforce in collaboration with specialist member societies promote and guide guidelines developers through an activity grant scheme that fund new guidelines in gap areas of GI diseases with high‐quality methodology and multidisciplinary collaborative project teams. UEG quality of care taskforce helps dissemination and implementation of guidelines published in UEG journal through different initiatives including a free of charge GI guidelines app. The guidelines included are user friendly, interactive and patient oriented.
A 3d disordered superconformal fixed point
Authors: Chang Chi-Ming , Colin-Ellerin Sean , Peng Cheng , Rangamani Mukund 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We initiate the study of a three dimensional disordered supersymmetric field theory. Specifically, we consider a $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 large N Wess-Zumino like model with cubic superpotential involving couplings drawn from a Gaussian random ensemble. Taking inspiration from analyses of lower dimensional SYK like models we demonstrate that the theory flows to a strongly coupled superconformal fixed point in the infra-red. In particular, we obtain leading large N spectral data and operator product coefficients at the critical point. Moreover, the analytic control accorded by the model allows us to compare our results against those derived in the conformal bootstrap program and demonstrate consistency with general expectations.
Islands in multiverse models
Authors: Aguilar-Gutierrez Sergio E. , Chatwin-Davies Aidan , Hertog Thomas , Pinzani-Fokeeva Natalia , Robinson Brandon 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
We consider multiverse models in two-dimensional linear dilaton-gravity theories as toy models of false vacuum eternal inflation. Coupling conformal matter we calculate the Von Neumann entropy of subregions. When these are sufficiently large we find that an island develops covering most of the rest of the multiverse, leading to a Page-like transition. This resonates with a description of multiverse models in semiclassical quantum cosmology, where a measure for local predictions is given by saddle point geometries which coarse-grain over any structure associated with eternal inflation beyond one’s patch.
Collective flow in single-hit QCD kinetic theory
Authors: Kurkela Aleksi , Mazeliauskas Aleksas , Törnkvist Robin 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Motivated by recent interest in collectivity in small systems, we calculate the harmonic flow response to initial geometry deformations within weakly coupled QCD kinetic theory using the first correction to the free-streaming background. We derive a parametric scaling formula that relates harmonic flow in systems of different sizes and different generic initial gluon distributions. We comment on similarities and differences between the full QCD effective kinetic theory and the toy models used previously. Finally we calculate the centrality dependence of the integrated elliptic flow v2 in oxygen-oxygen, proton-lead and proton-proton collision systems.