bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal Glucose Exposure and Changes in Membrane Solute Transport with Time on Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: DAVIES SIMON J. , PHILLIPS LOUISE , NAISH PATRICK F. , RUSSELL GAVIN I. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Peritoneal solute transport increases with time on treatment in a proportion of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, contributing to ultrafiltration failure. Continuous exposure of the peritoneum to hypertonic glucose solutions results in morphologic damage that may have a causative role in changes in peritoneal function. The purpose of this analysis was to establish whether increased exposure to glucose preceded changes in solute transport in a selected group of long-term PD patients. Peritoneal solute transport, residual renal function, peritonitis rate, and peritoneal exposure to glucose were recorded prospectively in a cohort of 303 patients at a single dialysis center. A subgroup of individuals, treated continuously for 5 yr, were identified and defined retrospectively as having either stable or increasing transport status. Of the 22 patients who were treated continuously for 5 yr, 13 had stable solute transport (solute transport at start, 0.67 [±0.1]; at 5 yr, 0.67 [±0.1]), whereas 9 had a sustained increase (solute transport at start, 0.56 [±0.08]; at 5 yr, 0.77 [±0.09]). Compared with the stable patients, those with increasing transport had earlier loss in residual renal function and were exposed to significantly more hypertonic glucose during the first 2 yr of treatment that preceded the increase in solute transport. This was associated with greater achieved ultrafiltration compensating for the reduced urinary volumes in these patients. Further increases in glucose exposure were observed as solute transport continued to rise. Peritonitis, including severity of infection and causative organism, was similar in both groups. In this selected group of long-term survivors on PD, an increase in solute transport with time was preceded by increased peritoneal exposure to hypertonic glucose. This is supportive evidence that hypertonic glucose may play a causative role in alterations in peritoneal membrane function.
Role of Renocortical Cyclooxygenase-2 for Renal Vascular Resistance and Macula Densa Control of Renin Secretion
Authors: CASTROP HAYO , SCHWEDA FRANK , SCHUMACHER KARL , WOLF KONRAD , KURTZ ARMIN 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
This study aimed to assess the role of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostanoids for the macula densa control of renal afferent arteriolar resistance and for renin secretion. For this purpose, studied were the effects of blocking macula densa salt transport by the loop diuretic bumetanide (100 μM) on renal perfusate flow and on renin secretion in isolated perfused rats, in which renocortical COX-2 expression was prestimulated in vivo by treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril, with low-salt diet, or with a combination of both. These maneuvers stimulated COX-2 expression in an order of ramipril + low salt ≫ low salt > ramipril > controls. Flow rates through isolated kidneys at a constant pressure of 100 mmHg were dependent on the pretreatment regimen, in the way that they went in parallel with COX-2 expression. The COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 (10 μM) lowered flow rates depending on the COX-2 expression level and was most pronounced therefore after pretreatment with low salt + ramipril. NS-398 did not change the increase of flow in response to bumetanide but attenuated the stimulation of renin secretion in response to bumetanide in a manner depending on the expression level of COX-2. These findings suggest that in states of increased renocortical expression of COX-2, overall renal vascular resistance and the macula densa control of renin secretion become dependent on COX-2—derived prostanoids.
Cisplatin Decreases the Abundance of Aquaporin Water Channels in Rat Kidney
Authors: KIM SOO-WAN , LEE JONG-UN , NAH MYONG-YUN , KANG DAE-GILL , AHN KYU-YOUN , LEE HO-SUB , CHOI KI-CHUL 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
The present study examined whether the cisplatininduced urinary concentration defect can be related to an altered regulation of aquaporin (AQP) water channels in the kidney. Cisplatin (8 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally into male Sprague-Dawley rats. The control group was without cisplatin treatment. Four d later, the expression of AQP1, AQP2, and AQP3 proteins was determined in the kidney. To specify further the primary point of derangement in the pathway that activates the arginine vasopressin—mediated AQP channels, different components of adenylyl cyclase complex were examined separately. The cisplatin treatment caused a polyuric renal failure in association with decreases of free water reabsorption. The expression of AQP1 and AQP2 was decreased in the cortex, the outer medulla, and the inner medulla, whereas that of AQP3 was decreased in the outer medulla and the inner medulla. The expression of AQP2 proteins in the apical membrane-enriched fraction decreased in parallel with that in the subapical vesicle-enriched fraction, indicating a preserved targeting. Immunohistochemistry of the outer medulla also revealed that cisplatin decreased immunoreactivity for AQP1, AQP2, and AQP3. The arginine vasopressin—evoked generation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate was attenuated by cisplatin, being most prominent in the outer medulla. However, the cyclic adenosine monophosphate generation in response to forskolin was not affected, whereas that to sodium fluoride was diminished significantly. Cisplatin also decreased the expression of Gsα proteins in the outer medulla and the inner medulla. These results suggest that a reduced expression of AQP water channels accounts at least in part for the cisplatin-induced urinary concentration defect.
Proteinase 3 Enhances Endothelial Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Production and Induces Increased Adhesion of Neutrophils to Endothelial Cells by Upregulating Intercellular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1
Authors: TAEKEMA-ROELVINK MIRIAM E. J. , VAN KOOTEN CEES , VAN DER KOOIJ SANDRA , HEEMSKERK EVERT , DAHA MOHAMED R. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Wegener's granulomatosis is an autoimmune disease that is characterized by systemic vasculitis and granuloma formation. Early influx of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), followed at a later stage by mononuclear cells, contributes to the granulomatous inflammation. Previous studies have shown that proteinase 3 (PR3), the major autoantigen in Wegener's granulomatosis, specifically binds to endothelial cells and plays a possible role in activation of these cells by enhancing interleukin-8 production, thus providing a chemotactic and activating stimulus for PMN. The present study demonstrated that PR3 enhances the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The PR3-induced increase in MCP-1 production was demonstrated at both the protein and the mRNA levels and was chemotactic for monocytes. In addition, it was demonstrated that PR3 induces a dose- and time-dependent increase in the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) as determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. The PR3-induced increase in expression of ICAM-1 was also demonstrated at the mRNA level. PR3 induced a slight increase in vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression and had no effect on the expression of both P- and E-selectin. Incubation of HUVEC for 24 h in the presence of PR3 resulted in a significant increase in adhesion of PMN, which was reduced to baseline levels in the presence of blocking monoclonal antibody anti—ICAM-1 or anti-CD18 or a combination of both. Monocytes showed a slight but statistically not significant increase in adhesion. Incubation of HUVEC with PR3 for 4 h did not result in enhanced adhesion of either PMN or monocytes. It was hypothesized that PR3, which may be released locally at inflammatory sites after activation of cytokineprimed PMN, plays a role in endothelial cell activation by enhancing both interleukin-8 and MCP-1 production, thus providing a chemotactic and activating stimulus for both PMN and monocytes. In addition, PR3 may contribute to the ongoing inflammation by enhancing the adhesion of PMN to endothelial cells by upregulating ICAM-1 expression.
Antibodies against Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Improve Early Renal Dysfunction in Experimental Diabetes
Authors: DE VRIESE AN S. , TILTON RONALD G. , ELGER MARLIES , STEPHAN CLIFFORD C. , KRIZ WILHELM , LAMEIRE NORBERT H. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a cytokine that potently stimulates angiogenesis, microvascular hyperpermeability, and endothelium-dependent vasodilation, effects that are largely mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). The expression of VEGF is pronounced in glomerular visceral epithelial cells, but its function in renal physiology and pathophysiology is unknown. VEGF expression is upregulated by high ambient glucose concentrations in several cell types in vitro and in glomeruli of diabetic rats. To assess the role of VEGF in the pathophysiology of early renal dysfunction in diabetes, monoclonal anti-VEGF antibodies (Ab) were administered to control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 6 wk after induction of diabetes. Based on in vitro binding studies, an adequate serum VEGF inhibitory activity was achieved during the entire course of anti-VEGF Ab administration. Anti-VEGF Ab treatment but not administration of isotype-matched control Ab decreased hyperfiltration, albuminuria, and glomerular hypertrophy in diabetic rats. VEGF blockade also prevented the upregulation of eNOS expression in glomerular capillary endothelial cells of diabetic rats. Antagonism of VEGF had no effect on GFR and glomerular volume in control rats. These results identify VEGF as a pathogenetic link between hyperglycemia and early renal dysfunction in diabetes. Targeting VEGF may prove useful as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of early diabetic nephropathy.
Altered Signaling and Regulatory Mechanisms of Apoptosis in Focal and Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Authors: WANG WANSHENG , TZANIDIS ALEX , DIVJAK MAJA , THOMSON NAPIER MAURICE , STEIN-OAKLEY ALICIA NOEMI 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
The purpose of this study was to investigate signaling and regulatory mechanisms of apoptosis in a model of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Sprague-Dawley rats received two doses of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) (day 0 and week 3) and a uninephrectomy (PAN model). Apoptosis was detected with the use of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling technique. Bax, Bcl-2, Fas, and Fas ligand expression was analyzed by competitive reverse transcription-PCR. Bax, Bcl-2, and Fas mRNA were localized by in situ hybridization. Renal function was transiently impaired after the first PAN dose. After the second PAN dose, further progressive renal impairment, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and glomerulosclerosis were evident. Eighteen percent of PAN samples demonstrated up to 4 apoptotic cells/50 glomeruli, compared with 7% of sham controls (not significant). No consistent significant change in glomerular Bax, Bcl-2, Fas, and Fas ligand mRNA was evident by reverse transcription-PCR, although focal increases in glomerular Bcl-2 mRNA were demonstrated by in situ hybridization. In the tubulointerstitium, apoptosis was increased from weeks 1 to 12 (P < 0.01 PAN versus sham), correlated to renal function and tubulointerstitial injury (P < 0.01). Total renal Bax, Fas, and Fas ligand mRNA were upregulated in the PAN model, peaking at week 17 (P < 0.01 versus sham), whereas Bcl-2 mRNA was not significantly different in PAN versus sham controls. In situ hybridization in the PAN model demonstrated prominent Bax mRNA in dilated tubules and infiltrating leukocytes. Fas mRNA signal was localized to tubular epithelial cells and leukocytes. The results suggest that altered apoptotic signaling and regulatory mechanisms contribute to the tubulointerstitial injury in this model.
Relative Potencies of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 19-Nor-1,25-(OH)2D2 on Inducing Differentiation and Markers of Bone Formation in MG-63 Cells
Authors: FINCH JANE L. , DUSSO ADRIANA S. , PAVLOPOULOS TRICIA , SLATOPOLSKY EDUARDO A. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract.
19-Nor-1,25-(OH)2D2, an analog of 1,25-(OH)2D3, is used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism because it suppresses parathyroid hormone synthesis and secretion with lower calcemic and phosphatemic activities. 19-Nor-1,25-(OH)2D2 is approximately 10 times less active than 1,25-(OH)2D3 in promoting bone resorption, which accounts in part for the low potency of this analog in increasing serum calcium and phosphorus. Concern that 19-nor-1,25-(OH)2D2 also could be less potent than 1,25-(OH)2D3 on bone formation led to a comparison of the potency of both compounds on osteoblasts. In the human osteoblast-like cell line MG-63, 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 19-nor-1,25-(OH)2D2 had a similar potency in upregulating vitamin D receptor content and suppressing proliferation. Both sterols caused a similar reduction in DNA content and proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein expression. Time-course and dose-response studies on 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 19-nor-1,25-(OH)2D2 induction of the marker of bone formation, osteocalcin, showed overlapping curves. The effects on alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity also were studied in MG-63 cells that had been co-treated with either sterol and transforming growth factor-β, an enhancer of 1,25-(OH)2D3—induced ALP activity in this cell line. Transforming growth factor-β alone had no effect, whereas 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 19-nor-1,25-(OH)2D2 increased ALP activity similarly. These studies demonstrate that 19-nor-1,25-(OH)2D2 has the same potency as 1,25-(OH)2D3 not only in inducing vitamin D receptor content, osteocalcin levels, and ALP activity but also in controlling osteoblastic growth. Therefore, it is unlikely that 19-nor-1,25-(OH)2D2 would have deleterious effects on bone remodeling.
Angiotensin III Activates Nuclear Transcription Factor-κB in Cultured Mesangial Cells Mainly via AT2 Receptors
Authors: Lorenzo Óscar , Ruiz-Ortega Marta , Suzuki Yusuke , Rupérez Mónica , Esteban Vanesa , Sugaya Takeshi , Egido Jesús 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT.
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) regulates many genes involved in renal pathophysiologic processes. It was previously demonstrated that angiotensin II (AngII) and its amino-terminal degradation product AngIII activate NF-κB in mesangial cells. However, which are the Ang receptor subtypes involved in the NF-κB pathway and whether these Ang peptides act through the same or different receptors in mesangial cells have not been evaluated. Under the culture conditions used, quiescent rat mesangial cells expressed both AT1 and AT2 receptors. To investigate the receptors involved in the NF-κB pathway, two different approaches were used, i.e., pharmacologic studies, using specific AT1 and AT2 receptor antagonists and agonists, and studies in AT1 receptor-knockout mice. In cultured rat mesangial cells, both AT1 and AT2 receptor antagonists inhibited AngII-induced NF-κB DNA binding activity, whereas NF-κB activation elicited by AngIII was mainly blocked by the AT2 receptor antagonist. Similar results were observed for cytosolic IκBα degradation. An AT2 receptor agonist also activated NF-κB. In AT1 receptor-knockout murine mesangial cells, AngIII and AngII increased NF-κB activity and degraded cytosolic IκBα; both processes were blocked by the AT2 receptor antagonist. These data demonstrate that, in mesangial cells, NF-κB activation is mediated by AT1 and AT2 receptors, suggesting a novel intracellular signaling mechanism for AT2 receptors in the kidney. Some differences in Ang peptide receptor-mediated responses were also observed. AngII activates NF-κB via AT1 and AT2 receptors, whereas AngIII acts mainly via AT2 receptors. These results suggest the potential involvement of the AngIII/AT2 receptor/NF-κB pathway in pathophysiologic processes in the kidney and provide a better understanding of the renin-angiotensin system.
Osteopontin Synthesis and Localization along the Human Nephron
Authors: Verhulst Anja , Persy Veerle P. , Van Rompay An R. , Verstrepen Walter A. , Helbert Mark F. , De Broe Marc E. 
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT.
In normal human and rat kidneys, osteopontin (OPN) is present at the apical surface of cells in the distal nephron. After ischemic or toxic renal damage in rats, OPN is upregulated in distal tubular cells (DTC) and expressed de novo in perinuclear vesicles in proximal tubular cells (PTC). In the first phase of this study, OPN localization in ischemic human biopsies was compared with that in ischemic rat kidneys. In the second phase, cultures of PTC and DTC were used to investigate human renal OPN synthesis, secretion, and localization. OPN localization in human biopsies after renal ischemia was comparable to that in ischemic rat kidneys. Microscopic and flow cytometric detection of immunofluorescent OPN staining in tubular cell cultures demonstrated strong plasma membrane localization in DTC, whereas mainly perinuclear intracellular expression was observed in PTC. Northern blotting and reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated production of a single OPN mRNA in PTC and DTC. Detection of OPN by Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay demonstrated that PTC and DTC synthesized and secreted the same three molecular mass OPN forms, in comparable amounts. Finally, confocal microscopy demonstrated different staining patterns for endocytotic/lysosomal vesicles and perinuclear OPN; however, perinuclear OPN exhibited colocalization with the Golgi apparatus. In conclusion, human renal OPN localization in cell cultures demonstrated differences between PTC and DTC comparable to those observed after renal ischemia in vivo. Therefore, these cell cultures represented an excellent model for the study of human OPN synthesis, secretion, and localization in PTC versus DTC. It is reported for the first time that intracellular OPN is located in the Golgi apparatus of both PTC and DTC and that PTC and DTC are able to produce and secrete the same OPN isoforms, in comparable amounts.
Formação docente e gosto pelas artes
Authors: Cruz Livia Lara da 
Published: April 2021

O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar as relações existentes entre a formação cultural dos professores do ensino fundamental II e médio da rede estadual de São Paulo e suas percepções acerca das potencialidades educativas dos museus de arte. Tendo como principal referencial teórico o sociólogo francês Pierre Bourdieu e seu conceito de capital cultural, pretendeu-se apreender em que medida a formação cultural dos professores pode ou não determinar uma relação mais fértil com os museus de arte. Para tanto, entre os meses de setembro e novembro de 2007 foram aplicados questionários acerca da origem social, formação escolar e profissional, informações sobre hábitos de lazer e cultura e opinião sobre museus e exposições de arte a dois grupos distintos de professores. O grupo 1 incluiu vinte professores que, durante o ano de 2007, agendaram espontaneamente mais de uma visita monitorada para seus alunos no Museu Lasar Segall, localizado no bairro da Vila Mariana, zona sul da cidade de São Paulo. O grupo 2 incluiu outros vinte professores, que agendaram visitas monitoradas no Museu Lasar Segall devido à participação da escola em um projeto financiado pela Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo e que não voltaram ao Museu até o fim de 2007. A observação dos resultados obtidos permitiu a percepção de aproximações entre os dois grupos no que diz respeito à sua origem social, mas diferenças em relação à instituição de formação e a relação mantida com os bens culturais de uma maneira geral, e mais especificamente, com o museu de arte.
Do que riem os jornalistas?
Authors: Lobo Rodrigo Gomes 
Published: April 2021

Por meio de um evento etnografado num estudo de caso historicamente situado (o processo de socialização de novatos no jornalismo diário empresarial paulistano contemporâneo) pretende-se elaborar reflexões a respeito das potencialidades e limitações dos conceitos bourdieusianos de autonomia e heteronomia.
Guerreiro Ramos e a questão racial no Brasil
Authors: Shiota Ricardo Ramos 
Published: April 2021

No início de sua trajetória de pesquisas sobre o Brasil, Guerreiro Ramos reconhece a especificidade da questão racial. Desenvolve uma percepção e atividade crítica sobre ela no Brasil. Ao recusar as teorias raciais vigentes, pois estas, segundo ele, lidavam com pessoas, agentes sociais e não meros “objetos” do conhecimento, ele constrói uma visão emancipatória, voltada para a realização de uma democracia racial efetiva, autêntica e preocupada com a emancipação econômica nacional, quando ainda estava em disputa a internacionalização da economia brasileira nos anos 1950.
Sonochemical Synthesis of Ethyl Cinnamate
Authors: Purwaningsih Yuliana , Syukur Mighfar , Purwanto Ungsari Rizki Eka 
Published: April 2021

<p>This research aimed to determine the yield of ethyl cinnamate synthesized by the sonochemical method and its potency as a sunscreen agent. Ethyl cinnamate was synthesized from cinnamic acid and ethanol with concentrated sulfuric acid as catalysts assisted by ultrasonic waves. The Identification of compounds was carried out by infrared spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Synthesis of ethyl cinnamate resulted in the form of clear yellow liquid with a fragrant aroma of a cinnamon ester with a 96.61% yield. Identification by an infrared spectrophotometer showed many functional groups of ethyl cinnamate. Identification by GC-MS was given a relative abundance of 98.96%. The product of synthesis had SPF number 4.769 at 10 ppm used Mansur Equation. Based on this research, it concluded that it has potential as a sunscreen agent. The sonochemical method provides an excellent yield of ethyl cinnamate.</p>
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN LANGSUNG DALAM MEMFASILITASI KETERAMPILAN TEKNIK BERMAIN BOLA BASKET UNTUK SISWA TUNAGRAHITA KELAS XI SMALB-C
Authors: Sari Mulya 
Published: April 2021

Kondisi Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memfasilitasi keterampilan teknik bermain bola basket pada mata pelajaran pendidikan jasmani, olahraga dan kesehatan (Penjaskes) pada siswa tunagrahita dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran langsung. Partisipan penelitian adalah 7 orang siswa kelas XI SMALB-C, dan seorang guru. Tindakan dilakukan sebanyak 2 siklus di mana setiap siklus berlangsung dalam 2 kali pertemuan. Setiap siklus mempunyai empat kegiatan utama yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar keterampilan Penjaskes materi teknik permainan bola basket pada anak tunagrahita kelas XI SMALB-C, yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pembelajaran langsung. Pembelajaran anak tunagrahita perlu mempertimbangkan penggunaan prinsip keperagaan, pengulangan dan individualisasi. Penelitian ini melaporkan bahwa metode pembelajaran langsung dapat digunakan untuk memfasilitasi keterampilan teknik bermain bola basket pada siswa tunagrahita.

This research aims to facilitate basketball technique skills in physical education, sports, and health subject for students with intellectual disability using direct learning methods. The participants of this research are seven second-grade students and a teacher of high school for students with intellectual disabilities. The actions were carried out in 2 cycles, where every cycle lasts for 2 sessions. Every cycle has four main activities; planning, action, observation, and reflection. The results showed an improvement in the learning outcomes of basketball technique skills of physical education, sports, and health subject for second-grade high school students with intellectual disability using the direct learning method. Learning for students with an intellectual disability needs to regard the use of modeling, repetition, and individualization principles. This research reported that the direct learning method could be used to facilitate basketball technique skills for students with intellectual disabilities.