bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of a novel photothermal hydrogel composite with combined osteogenic and antibacterial activities
Authors: Ge Tao , Jin Jianxiang , Feng Kuan , Gu Xialong , Ye Gengfan , Shi Taotao , Li Jia , Wang Hao , Wang Hongcai , Chen Maosong 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Cranial defect repair remains a significant challenge in neurosurgery, and designing material complexes that can support bone regeneration while minimizing complications such as infection and inflammation could help alleviate this clinical challenge. This study presents a photothermal hydrogel complex with a controlled rapid gelation process, PDA-G-A-H, which integrates photothermal polydopamine nanoparticles (PDA NPs) with gentamycin (G) and alendronate acid (A). Furthermore, the incorporation of the injectable hydrogel Pluronic F127 and collagen (H) made this composite hydrogel (PDA-G-A-H) suitable for the multifaceted needs of cranial defects. The PDA-G-A-H hydrogel exhibited superior biocompatibility, as evidenced by high cell viability and minimal hemolysis, making it a safe candidate for biomedical applications. In vitro assessments with MC3T3-E1 cells demonstrated that this hydrogel enhanced mineralization and osteogenic differentiation, and significant upregulation of key osteogenic markers was subsequently detected. The antibacterial activity of the hydrogel against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was also investigated. The results of the RT‒PCR analysis revealed the potential for inhibiting biofilm formation. The hydrogel composite combines biocompatibility, osteoinductive, and antibacterial potential. It has translational potential for cranial defect repair and other bone regeneration therapies.
Revealing the mismatch in the response to warm-wetting climate of vegetation greenness and primary productivity using MODIS GPP/LAI in Nepal
Authors: Zhong Dongping , Zeng Lingwen , Chen Ye , Tong Yingdong , Bai Nana , Sun Jia , Zhang Dongdong , Fu Yingchun 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
The increasingly warm-wetting climate has gradually promoted vegetation greenness on the Tibetan Plateau and the surrounding region, yet the specific mechanisms driving this change in high-altitude mountainous areas remain unclear. This study, using Nepal as a case study, investigated the spatial and temporal impacts of hydro-climatic factors on leaf area index (LAI) and gross primary productivity (GPP), as well as the coupling degree of GPP-LAI expressed as the correlation coefficient (R
2) of these trends from 2003 to 2020. The results indicated both GPP and LAI increased significantly more during the dry season than the rainy season in Nepal, but the coupling degree of GPP-LAI in Nepal showed distinct seasonal and elevational differences. Relative to low coupling degree in high and low elevation regions, a higher yet gradually decreasing coupling degree was demonstrated in the mid high regions of central Nepal. By analyzing the effects of elevational profiles, this study revealed that temperature and solar radiation exhibited significant negative correlations with GPP in the southern and central forests at mid elevation, while suggesting a positive correlation in the high mountain alpine forests, which mitigated the limiting effects of precipitation constraints on GPP during the dry season. And the decreased temperature and precipitation had negative impacts on treeline deviation, which led to spatial variations in treeline deviation and coupling degree on either side of the 83°E in the Nepalese Himalayan alpine forests. Additionally, trends of shrubland in GPP and LAI growth reflected adaptations to a warmer and wetter climate. The study about spatio-temporal variation in response to warm-wetting climate, affected by seasons and elevations, offers a scientific basis for the adaptation and conservation of alpine vegetation in Nepal.
Grayscale-phase calibration of liquid crystal spatial light modulator with vortex-grating lateral-shearing interferometry
Authors: Hu Yingqing , Zhang Junyong , Zhu Jianqiang 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Liquid crystal spatial light modulators (LC-SLMs) are widely used in optics, and grayscale-phase calibration can effectively improve their modulation accuracy. The most commonly used grayscale-phase calibration method is based on the displacement of interference fringes, which is susceptible to environmental interference and only uses a part of the LC-SLM area. In this paper, vortex-grating lateral-shearing interferometry is introduced into the grayscale-phase calibration, which can theoretically obtain the phase information of the full pixel on the LC-SLM. The self-reference experiment not only carries out the grayscale-phase calibration, but also proves the effectiveness of our proposed method by Twyman–Green interferogram between the reference beam and the vortex beam produced by LC-SLM. High-precision grayscale-phase calibration of LC-SLM can open up some new application scenarios in the future.
Detecting unfaithful entanglement by multiple fidelities
Authors: Zhang Ruiqi , Wei Zhaohui 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Certifying entanglement for unknown quantum states experimentally is a fundamental problem in quantum computing and quantum physics. Because of being easy to implement, a most popular approach for this problem in modern quantum experiments is detecting target quantum states with fidelity-based entanglement witnesses. Specifically, if the fidelity between a target state and an entangled pure state exceeds a certain value, the target state can be guaranteed to be entangled. Recently, however, it has been realized that there exist so-called unfaithful quantum states, which can be entangled, but their entanglement cannot be certified by any fidelity-based entanglement witnesses. In this paper, by specific examples, we show that if one makes a slight modification to fidelity-based entanglement witnesses by combining multiple fidelities together, it is still possible to certify entanglement for unfaithful quantum states with this popular technique. Particularly, we will analyze the mathematical structure of the modified entanglement witnesses, and propose an algorithm that can search for the optimal designs for them.
MIMO antenna with improved isolation for 5G millimeter wave applications
Authors: Singh Akanksha , Kumar Arvind , Kanaujia Binod Kumar 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
In this research, an 8-element multi-input multi-output (MIMO) antenna is presented for millimeter wave communication systems. The present design incorporates two circular rings cojoined with a monopole. Both the rings are cross-coupled for better radiation and less interference properties. The present MIMO structure is designed from the reference antenna by placing antenna elements along X and Y axis. The overall dimensions of the presented MIMO structure are

50

mm
×
70

mm
×
1.6

mm

. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna ranges from 25.4 to 29.5 GHz, which covers the mm-wave frequency spectrum of n257 and n261 bands. The present MIMO antenna is a self-isolated MIMO antenna and provides the isolation of better than −27 dB which is desirable for the MIMO communication systems. To evaluate the diversity characteristics different parameters are examined like total active reflection coefficient (TARC), channel capacity loss (CCL), envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), and Diversity gain (DG). ECC of < .003, DG > 9.9999, TARC < −19.8 dB at 28 GHz, and CCL less than 0.4 is obtained for the proposed MIMO structure in the specified frequency range. With the acceptable radiation pattern, the gain achieved by this antenna is 6.6 dBi at 28 GHz. The proposed structure is fabricated and it is found that the Simulated and measured results agree closely.
Characterisation of dissimilar metal weldments of titanium alloys Ti-64 and Ti-6246 made using electron beam and rotary friction welding
Authors: Murali Akkula , Velu M 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Welding of dissimilar Titanium alloys viz. Ti-64 and Ti-6246 by fusion processes is challenging due to their different physical properties. Such alloys find applications in turbine disks and blades. The alloys were welded using Electron Beam Welding (EBW) and Rotary Friction Welding (RFW) processes. In this paper, metallurgical and mechanical properties of welded joints between the Titanium alloys were examined and reported. Microstructures, electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis, and residual stresses were also examined. The EBW weld was free of defects such as porosity and inclusions. Furthermore, RFW weld was also free of any defects. SEM and EBSD analysis also support this conclusion. The coarse columnar beta grains with thin needle-like alpha can be observed in the fusion zone of the EBW weldments. The grains appeared to have been refined in the deformation zone (DZ) due to dynamic recrystallization (DRX) in the RFW joints. The yield and ultimate tensile strengths of EBW weldments were 977 MPa and 1051 MPa respectively. While that of RFW weldments, 960 MPa and 1039 MPa. The percent elongation of the EBW weldments and RFW weldments was 14.2 and 10.28 respectively. The welds were stronger than the base metal in both the weldments as the fracture occurred in the Ti-64 base metal and not in the weld during tensile test. The microhardness of the fusion zone of EBW weldments was approximately 430 HV to 460 HV. While that of weld nugget of RFW weldments was 380 HV. The mechanical properties indicate that either of the welding processes is suitable for welding the alloys.
Transfer learning for multi-material classification of transition metal dichalcogenides with atomic force microscopy
Authors: Moses Isaiah A , Reinhart Wesley F 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Deep learning models based on atomic force microscopy enhance efficiency in inverse design and characterization of materials. However, the limited and imbalanced data of experimental materials that are typically available is a major challenge. Also important is the need to interpret trained models, which are normally complex enough to be uninterpretable by humans. Here, we present a systemic evaluation of transfer learning strategies to accommodate low-data scenarios in materials synthesis and a model latent feature analysis to draw connections to the human-interpretable characteristics of the samples. While we imagine this framework can be used in downstream analysis tasks such as quantitative characterization, we demonstrate the strategies on a multi-material classification task for which the ground truth labels are readily available. Our models show accurate predictions in five classes of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) (MoS2, WS2, WSe2, MoSe2, and Mo-WSe2) with up to 89% accuracy on held-out test samples. Analysis of the latent features reveals a correlation with physical characteristics such as grain density, Difference of Gaussian blob, and local variation. The transfer learning optimization modality and the exploration of the correlation between the latent and physical features provide important frameworks that can be applied to other classes of materials beyond TMDs to enhance the models’ performance and explainability which can accelerate the inverse design of materials for technological applications.
The IMAP and MICAP Flaps for Autologous Breast Reconstruction: An Anatomic, Clinical, and Outcome Study
Authors: Angrigiani Claudio , Rancati Alberto , Spinelli Esteban , Rancati Agustín , Nahabedian Maurice Y 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Local flaps for breast reconstruction are becoming recognized as a viable alternative to remote flaps.

Objectives
The purpose of this article was to describe the anatomy and clinical outcomes of internal mammary artery perforators and lateral intercostal artery perforator flaps for breast reconstruction.

Methods
Twelve cadaveric specimens were injected with colored latex and dissected to demonstrate the medial perforators of the fifth intercostal space. Twenty-two patients had partial or total breast reconstruction with internal mammary artery perforator flaps, which were combined with lateral intercostal artery perforator flaps in 4 patients. The study was performed at the Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin, which is affiliated with the Universidad de Buenos Aires in Argentina, between March 2018 and December 2023. Outcomes were based on clinical evaluation and statistical analysis. Patient satisfaction was assessed on a 5-point Likert scale based on whether patients were clothed or unclothed.

Results
All flaps survived without any evidence of partial flap necrosis. There were no major complications (total flap loss, partial necrosis); however, fat necrosis was demonstrated in 2 patients. Minor complications included a small hematoma and a minor wound dehiscence. Patient satisfaction was rated as very good or excellent in 100% of females when clothed and rated as good to very good in 93.3% of females when unclothed.

Conclusions
Submammary perforator flaps can be raised on numerous vascular pedicles. This study has demonstrated that the internal mammary and the lateral intercostal perforators can be successfully utilized for partial or total breast reconstruction in properly selected patients.

Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic)
Witnessing memories that are being destroyed: Challenges and staff support in psychosocial support services after the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes
Authors: Kelebek Küçükarslan Görkem , Albayrak Hande , Selçuk Ozan , Güzel Bekir 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Disasters have a profound impact on people’s lives and require effective psychosocial support (PSS) services to mitigate the negative effects and accelerate recovery. The Kahramanmaraş earthquakes in Türkiye in 2023 posed major challenges for psychosocial support professionals (PSSPs). This study examines the role, challenges, and needs of PSSPs after these earthquakes and aims to find solutions to improve service delivery and professional well-being. We analysed the data thematically by conducting in-depth interviews with thirty PSSPs from nine institutions in the most affected provinces. The results show that PSSPs faced numerous challenges, including emotional distress, inadequate self-care, difficult working conditions, and lack of coordination. High expectations and experiences of traumatic events led to burnout and secondary traumatic stress. Despite various coping strategies, their effectiveness was impaired by the continuous deployment and inadequate conditions. Coordination issues led to inefficiencies, duplication of work, and feelings of professional inadequacy. The study emphasizes the need for improved coordination, structured support, and better working conditions for PSSPs. Institutional support, including supervision and self-care initiatives, is crucial to increase the effectiveness and well-being of these professionals. Targeted interventions and best practices for interprofessional collaboration can significantly improve the delivery of PSS services in disaster contexts.
Context changes retrieval of prospective outcomes during decision deliberation
Authors: Göktepe-Kavis Pinar , Aellen Florence M , Cortese Aurelio , Castegnetti Giuseppe , de Martino Benedetto , Tzovara Athina 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Foreseeing the future outcomes is the art of decision-making. Substantial evidence shows that, during choice deliberation, the brain can retrieve prospective decision outcomes. However, decisions are seldom made in a vacuum. Context carries information that can radically affect the outcomes of a choice. Nevertheless, most investigations of retrieval processes examined decisions in isolation, disregarding the context in which they occur. Here, we studied how context shapes prospective outcome retrieval during deliberation. We designed a decision-making task where participants were presented with object–context pairs and made decisions which led to a certain outcome. We show during deliberation, likely outcomes were retrieved in transient patterns of neural activity, as early as 3 s before participants decided. The strength of prospective outcome retrieval explains participants’ behavioral efficiency, but only when context affects the decision outcome. Our results suggest context imparts strong constraints on retrieval processes and how neural representations are shaped during decision-making.
Revaluation of the genetic diversity–area relationship by integrating nucleotide and haplotype diversity
Authors: Fan Ping , Song Gang , Qiao Huijie , Zhang Dezhi , Ji Yanzhu , Qu Yanhua , Fjeldså Jon , Lei Fumin 
Published: December 2024

Abstract
Understanding the genetic diversity–area relationship (GAR) is essential for comprehending how species adapt to environmental changes, as genetic diversity is an indicator of a species’ adaptive potential. Variation in environmental adaptation capacity exists among species and animal taxa with different distribution areas, highlighting the importance of understanding the GAR. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the GAR in terrestrial vertebrates, we assessed both haplotype diversity–area and nucleotide diversity–area relationships using 25,453 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences from 142 amphibian species, 574 bird species, and 342 mammal species. We found that both measures of genetic diversity increased with species range size across major animal groups. Nevertheless, the GAR did not differ among animal groups, while haplotype diversity performed better than nucleotide diversity in profiling the GAR, as indicated by higher R2 values. The difference in the modeling fit may stem from the distinct biological and mathematical significance of nucleotide diversity and haplotype diversity. These results suggest that the GAR follows similar rules among different animal taxa. Furthermore, haplotype diversity may serve as a more reliable indicator for assessing the potential effects of area size changes on animal populations and provide better guidance for conserving genetic diversity.
Isolated atrial infarction complicated by sick sinus syndrome and atrial fibrillation: a case report
Authors: Maeda Takanori , Yamashita Soichiro , Kuroda Koji , Okuda Masanori 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Atrial infarction is a complication of myocardial infarction with ventricular infarction; however, isolated atrial infarction (IAI) has rarely been reported. Herein, we report a case of IAI associated with sick sinus syndrome and atrial fibrillation (AF).

Case summary
An 83-year-old woman was brought to the emergency department with a complaint of general malaise. An electrocardiogram at the time of her arrival showed a junctional rhythm with sinus arrest (SA) at a heart rate of 30 bpm; therefore, temporary pacing was placed urgently, and coronary angiography (CAG) was performed. Coronary angiography showed a solitary occlusion of the sinus node (SN) artery originating from the proximal portion of the right coronary artery. Therefore, revascularization was performed for the occluded SN artery to recover SN function. Bradycardia persisted for several days after the procedure but returned to normal sinus rhythm on day 10. However, during hospitalization, AF attacks frequently appeared with an SA for up to 10 s at AF termination, which is known as the bradycardia–tachycardia syndrome. Catheter ablation (CA) was performed for AF, and no recurrence of AF or bradycardia occurred thereafter. She was discharged without any symptoms.

Discussion
We have experienced a patient who underwent revascularization for the occluded SN artery and CA for paroxysmal AF following IAI, which evaded permanent pacemaker implantation.
A comparison between 64-projection and 32-projection myocardial perfusion scintigraphy
Authors: Abedi Seyed Mohammad , Ghadirzadeh Erfan , Karimi Hanie , Nezhadnaderi Pedram , Daryabari Seyede Sepide , Moradi Amir , Khorrami Moghaddam Alireza , Hosseinimehr Seyed Jalal , Taghavi Morteza , Golshani Samad , Farsavian Ali Asghar , Mardanshahi Alireza , Mostafavinia Ali 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Aims
While most clinical guidelines recommend using a 64-projection view technique, some protocols do not specify a preference between 32-projection and 64-projection methods for conducting myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS), which shows the lack of consensus in this matter. Nevertheless, these guidelines and protocols have not provided us with compelling evidence to support why the 64-projection technique is usually chosen. Thus, we aimed to determine if there is a significant difference between them in the assessment of cardiac perfusion and functional indices.

Methods and results
Sixty-nine patients were included in this pilot prospective, cross-sectional, cross-over, same patient control protocol study and underwent 32- and 64-projection MPS at both stress and rest phases after injecting 740–925 MBq of 99mTc-MIBI for every patient. Then, cardiac indices, including summed stress, rest, and difference scores, extent-stress and rest, left ventricular volumes and ejection-fraction, peak filling rate (PFR), and time to peak filling rate (TTPF) were recorded. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient was used to assess the agreement between protocols, and a paired sample t-test was used to compare the means of variables where appropriate. Findings revealed no significant difference as well as excellent/good agreement between the two methods in either the stress or rest state, except for the TTPF and PFR.

Conclusion
The findings suggest that lower-projection techniques could be adequate for routine clinical assessments without sacrificing diagnostic accuracy. However, the poor agreement for PFR and TTPF indicates that the 32-projection method may not reliably assess diastolic function, implying that the 64-projection protocol is preferable when precise evaluations are necessary.
Frailty and the Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Prospective Cohort and Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Zhu Xinyu , Huang Yikeng , Liang Li , Zhang Xinyu , Zhang Zixuan , Jiang Yujin , Wu Xiaoqian , Li Chenxin , Zheng Zhi , Bao Zhangli , Zou Wenjun , Zhao Shuzhi 
Published: December 2024

Abstract

Background
Both frailty and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are related to aging and may share some common mechanisms. We aimed to examine the observational and causal association between frailty and the risk of AMD.

Methods
We included 320 810 participants free of AMD at baseline from the UK Biobank. Frailty phenotypes were defined according to 5 components: weight loss, exhaustion, slow gait speed, low grip strength, and low physical activity. Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate the association between frailty phenotype and the risk of AMD. A causal relationship between frailty phenotype and AMD was examined using 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Results
During a median follow-up of 12.81 years, 7 222 AMD cases were documented. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with nonfrail participants, both pre-frail and frail participants were significantly associated with an increased risk of AMD (hazard ratio [HR] 1.17, [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.11, 1.23] for pre-frailty and HR 1.55 [95% CI: 1.40, 1.73] for frailty). With each 1-point increase in frailty phenotype score, the risk of AMD increased by 14%. Results from the 2-sample MR analysis supported the potential causal effect of frailty phenotype on AMD.

Conclusions
Our findings suggested that frailty assessment may help identify at-risk populations and serve as a potential strategy for early prevention and management of AMD.