bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Butterfly colonisation of a new chalkland road cutting
Authors: Hetherington Mike , Sterling Phil , Coulthard Emma 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
The design of new roads has the potential to provide new habitats and increase biodiversity value. The cutting and verges of the Weymouth Relief Road, Dorset, completed in 2011, replicate low‐fertility chalk grassland in an area previously occupied by arable farmland and improved grassland.
We examine the results of post‐construction butterfly surveys carried out in 2012–2020 to test whether butterfly abundance, species richness and species diversity increased in the post‐construction period. Analysis is also undertaken of the factors affecting the colonisation of the verges by butterfly populations.
Butterfly abundance increased in the post‐construction period when assessed by two methods: mean counts per survey visit and maximum counts. Species richness also increased, but no significant trends were observed with respect to species diversity. The 30 butterfly species recorded on the verges represent 51% of Britain's resident or regularly occurring migrant species and include habitat‐restricted chalkland species.
The most significant factor affecting speed of colonisation of the cutting and verges was an index of local presence, defined as the number of 1 km squares where two or more individuals of a species had been recorded prior to road construction in a 10 km square centred on the site. The separation distance between the site and the nearest butterfly population did not significantly affect the speed of colonisation.
Our results validate the low‐fertility approach to road verge establishment and management. The experience of the Weymouth Relief Road is influencing future road verge construction and management in the United Kingdom.
A pharmacist‐physician collaborative care model in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Li Hanlin , Radhakrishnan Jai 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA multidisciplinary approach, including pharmacist interventions, has improved clinical outcomes and reduced economic costs in chronic disease management. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the incorporation of pharmacist‐driven medication management with partnering nephrologists while capitalizing on technology to improve outcomes in a Chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. The authors created a collaborative drug therapy management agreement to enhance medication management for hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Our metrics aligned with the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measures. Most referrals to the program met the HEDIS definition of suboptimal disease control (Diabetes: 19/25 and Hypertension: 45/70). In patients with multiple pharmacy visits, achievement of diabetes targets increased from 23% to 67% and hypertension from 29% to 58%. Those who used technology tools were more likely to reach goals. The positive impact of a pharmacist‐physician collaboration and utilization of technology tools present an opportunity to improve care for CKD patients.
Body mass index mediates the effect of the DASH diet on hypertension: Common metabolites underlying the association
Authors: Louca Panayiotis , Nogal Ana , Mompeo Olatz , Christofidou Paraskevi , Gibson Rachel , Spector Tim D. , Berry Sarah E. , Valdes Ana M. , Mangino Massimo , Menni Cristina 
Published: October 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is beneficial in reducing blood pressure; however, this may be a consequence of concurrent weight reduction. In the present study, we investigated whether body mass index (BMI) mediates the association between the DASH diet and hypertension and investigate common metabolic pathways.MethodsWe included 2424 females from the cross‐sectional TwinsUK cohort, with blood pressure, BMI and dietary intake measured within 1.01 (SD = 0.68) years and serum metabolomics profiling (591 metabolites). We constructed a mediation model to test the mediation effects of BMI on the total effect of the DASH diet on hypertension. To identify a metabolite panel associated with the DASH diet and BMI, we built random forest models for each trait, and selected the common metabolic contributors using five‐fold cross‐validation error.ResultsWe found that BMI fully mediates the association between the DASH diet and hypertension, explaining 39.1% of the variance in hypertension. We then identified a panel of six common metabolites predicting both the DASH diet and BMI with opposing effects. Interestingly, at the univariate level, the metabolites were also associated with hypertension in the same direction as BMI. The strongest feature, 1‐nonadecanoyl‐GPC (19:0), was positively associated with the DASH diet (β [SE] = 0.65 [0.12]) and negatively with BMI (β [SE] = −1.34 [0.12]) and hypertension (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval = 0.6–0.84).ConclusionsWe highlight the role of BMI in the mechanisms by which the DASH diet influences hypertension and also highlight common metabolic pathways. Further studies should investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms to increase our understanding of the beneficial ways of treating hypertension.
Zinc induces reactive astrogliosis through ERK‐dependent activation of Stat3 and promotes synaptic degeneration
Authors: Huiliang Zhang , Mengzhe Yang , Xiaochuan Wang , Hui Wei , Min Du , Mengqi Wang , Jianzhi Wang , Zhongshan Chen , Caixia Peng , Rong Liu 
Published: October 2021

AbstractReactive astrogliosis is an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain and plays a key role in synaptic degeneration in AD development. Zinc accumulates in extracellular fraction and synaptosomes in AD human brains with its effect on reactive astrocytes remaining unknown. Through Western blotting, Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and immunofluorescence detection on primary astrocytes treated by zinc and/or zinc chelator, we revealed that zinc induced harmful A1‐type reactive astrogliosis in cultured primary astrocytes; the latter, promoted synaptic degeneration in primary neurons. The mechanism investigation showed that zinc induced activation of extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), which phosphorylated signal transduction and transcription activator 3 (Stat3) at serine 727 (S727‐Stat3) and tyrosine 705 (Y705‐Stat3), respectively, resulting in activation of Stat3. Stat3 phosphorylation at S727 by ERK plays a key role in zinc‐induced astrogliosis. These data imply a new molecular mechanism of reactive astrogliosis in AD, in which excessive zinc activates Stat3 through up‐regulating ERK signaling pathway.
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Proficiency Reporting Practices in Research on Second Language Acquisition: Have We Made any Progress?
Authors: Park Hae In , Solon Megan , Dehghan‐Chaleshtori Marzieh , Ghanbar Hessameddin 
Published: October 2021

AbstractGiven that 10 years have passed since the publication of the most recent synthesis of proficiency assessment standards, the present review revisits proficiency assessment practices in research on second language acquisition (SLA), with the goal of examining whether the way in which scholars measure and report proficiency has changed. Our sample included 500 studies from five major SLA‐related journals published between 2012 and 2019. The findings indicate that whereas over 90% of the studies assessed and reported second language proficiency in some way, only 42% of them did so with an independent measure. In line with previous surveys, the most popular assessment technique was institutional status, suggesting that relatively little change has taken place over time. Use or not of an independent measure of proficiency was also found to differ by certain study characteristics (e.g., learner population, research context), providing insight into areas of focus for future improvement.
Inverse scattering transform for the complex coupled short‐pulse equation
Authors: Gkogkou Aikaterini , Prinari Barbara , Feng Bao‐Feng , Trubatch A. David 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, we develop the Riemann–Hilbert approach to the inverse scattering transform (IST) for the complex coupled short‐pulse equation on the line with zero boundary conditions at space infinity, which is a generalization of recent work on the scalar real short‐pulse equation (SPE) and complex short‐pulse equation (cSPE). As a byproduct of the IST, soliton solutions are also obtained. As is often the case, the zoology of soliton solutions for the coupled system is richer than in the scalar case, and it includes both fundamental solitons (the natural, vector generalization of the scalar case), and fundamental breathers (a superposition of orthogonally polarized fundamental solitons, with the same amplitude and velocity but having different carrier frequencies), as well as composite breathers, which still correspond to a minimal set of discrete eigenvalues but cannot be reduced to a simple superposition of fundamental solitons. Moreover, it is found that the same constraint on the discrete eigenvalues which leads to regular, smooth one‐soliton solutions in the complex SPE, also holds in the coupled case, for both a single fundamental soliton and a single fundamental breather, but not, in general, in the case of a composite breather.
A retrospective evaluation of the steroid sparing effects of oral mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) as an adjunct immunosuppressant for the treatment of canine pemphigus foliaceus
Authors: Putra Andhika , Austel Michaela , Banovic Frane 
Published: October 2021

BackgroundOral mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) currently is considered a low‐risk steroid‐sparing therapeutic option for the management of canine pemphigus foliaceus (PF).ObjectivesThis retrospective study evaluates the therapeutic outcomes of dogs with PF treated with the combination of oral MMF and glucocorticoid (GC). Clinical outcomes and adverse side effects are reported.AnimalsEleven dogs diagnosed with PF.Materials and methodsRetrospective review of medical records from dogs presented with PF to the dermatology service of a veterinary teaching hospital between 2015 and 2020.ResultsEleven dogs were identified which had received concurrent GCs and MMF. The MMF dose range was 19.8–45 mg/kg/day. Only two dogs (two of 11) treated with a mean MMF dosage of 39 mg/kg/day along with oral prednisone or dexamethasone achieved complete remission (CR). Partial remission (PR) was achieved in four of 11 dogs who received either prednisone, prednisolone or dexamethasone along with MMF (mean dosage 26 mg/kg/day). Four dogs (four of 11) showed poor response to MMF given at 28.5 mg/kg/day along with prednisone or dexamethasone. In one dog (one of 11) MMF was discontinued due to severe GI upset; transient vomiting and diarrhea was observed in four of 11 dogs. The median duration of MMF therapy in conjunction with GC for all groups was 70.5 days. Tapering of oral GCs while continuing MMF administration at the same dosage and frequency led to recurrence of lesions in all PF patients.ConclusionOral MMF combined with GC achieved CR in two of 11 PF dogs included in this study. Further research of MMF efficacy in PF may need to be performed.
Modeling College Admission as a Signaling Game
Authors: Rekus Joseph , Jiang Yixiao 
Published: October 2021

This paper models the college admission process as a signaling game between the admissions office and a pool of heterogeneous applicants characterized by academic abilities and demonstrated interest. In the screening and selection process, applicants attempt to signal their private information through their performance on a standardized test (for academic abilities) and interview (for demonstrated interest). We show, under general conditions, that a separating equilibrium exists in which it is incentive-compatible for applicants to reveal their characteristics truthfully, and thus the admissions office does not fall victim to the problem of information asymmetry. Furthermore, we delineate how this equilibrium can be induced by setting appropriate “scoring” thresholds associated with standardized tests and interviews.
Effectiveness of reduced- versus standard-dose radiotherapy on survival and radiation-associated toxicity in patients with human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Lee Timothy J. , Krishnan Giri , Ooi Eng H. , Barker Timothy H. 
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this review is to investigate overall survival in patients with human papillomavirus positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV+ OPSCC) comparing standard- versus reduced-dose radiotherapy.

Introduction:
The improved survival of patients with HPV+ compared to HPV-negative OPSCC has raised the question of reducing the total radiation treatment dose delivered to patients with HPV+ OPSCC. A de-escalated radiotherapy protocol may provide equal oncological benefit, with reduced adverse events/toxicity.

Inclusion criteria:
We will include any adult patients aged 18years or older who have undergone curative intent treatment for HPV+ OPSCC. These patients can be at any stage at the time treatment is initiated. Exclusion criteria are as follows: pre-clinical or animal studies, patients with non-squamous cell carcinoma lesions of the oropharynx, patients with primary lesions in other head and neck sites, or patients receiving palliative treatment.

Methods:
A three-step search strategy will be used to identify relevant articles for inclusion through MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, and gray literature sources. These articles will be assessed against our inclusion and exclusion criteria at the title and abstract level as well as at full-text level. Remaining studies will be critically appraised based on their trial design. Data extraction will occur for all studies and, where possible, will be pooled with statistical meta-analysis.

Systematic review registration number:
PROSPERO CRD42021252161
Two-Body Abrasive Wear Behavior and Its Correlation With Mechanical Properties of Aged AA6063 Alloy
Authors: Sekhar Aluru Praveen , Das Debdulal 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
This study aims to correlate the abrasive wear performance with mechanical properties, considering AA6063 Al–Mg–Si alloy as the model material. The selected alloy specimens are subjected to artificial ageing at 150 °C for an ageing duration ranging from 1 to 672 h, covering severely under-aged (SUA) to peak-aged (PA) to severely over-aged (SOA) states. Apart from the hardness and tensile properties, two-body abrasive wear properties are also evaluated for differently aged alloys in terms of wear-rate, coefficient of friction, and roughness of the abraded surfaces. Furthermore, the generated wear debris, surface, and subsurface of the abraded specimens are critically examined to reveal the micro-mechanisms of abrasion. The lowest amount of wear-rate is observed for a PA alloy with maximum hardness, while the OA alloy exhibits a slightly lower wear-rate than the UA alloy at a similar level of hardness. Statistical analyses of wear-rate and various mechanical properties of all heat-treated alloys establish a strong negative linear correlation between the wear-rate and hardness, yield strength, tensile strength, and strength coefficient, whereas a positive linear correlation with the strain hardening exponent. Relationships between wear-rate and different roughness parameters are also discussed. Under the investigated wear condition, the aged alloys endure significant plastic deformation; micro-plowing, micro-cutting, and delamination are found to be the predominant mechanisms during abrasion.
Self-reported cataract surgery and 10-year all-cause and cause-specific mortality: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Chen Yifan , Wang Wei , Liao Huan , Shi Danli , Tan Zachary , Shang Xianwen , Zhang Xueli , Huang Yu , Deng Qingrong , Yu Honghua , Yang Xiaohong , He Mingguang , Zhu Zhuoting 
Published: October 2021

PurposeTo investigate the association of self-reported cataract surgery with all-cause and cause-specific mortality using a large-scale population-based sample.MethodsData from the 1999–2008 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. A self-reported history of cataract surgery was considered a surrogate for the presence of clinically significant cataract surgery. Mortality data were ascertained from National Death Index records. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for survival were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models.ResultsA total of 14 918 participants were included in the analysis. During a median follow-up of 10.8 (Interquartile range, IQR, 8.25–13.7) years, 3966 (19.1%) participants died. Participants with self-reported cataract surgery were more likely to die from all causes and specific causes (vascular disease, cancer, accident, Alzheimer’s disease, respiratory disease, renal disease and others) compared with those without (all Ps <0.05). The association between self-reported cataract surgery and all-cause mortality remained significant after multiple adjustments (HR=1.13; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.26). For cause-specific mortality, multivariable Cox models showed that self-reported cataract surgery predicted a 36% higher risk of vascular-related mortality (HR=1.36; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.82). The association with other specific causes of mortality did not reach statistical significance after multiple adjustments.ConclusionsThis study found significant associations of self-reported cataract surgery with all-cause and vascular mortalities. Our findings provide potential insights into the pathogenic pathways underlying cataract.
Adversity during military service: the impact of military sexual trauma, emotional bullying and physical assault on the mental health and well-being of women veterans
Authors: Hendrikx Laura Josephine , Williamson V , Murphy D 
Published: October 2021

IntroductionDespite making up about 11% of the UK military, there remains limited investigation on the impact of adversity women experience during their service in the UK military. Military adversity can result in a range of well-being difficulties that may persist following transition out of military. The present study therefore examined the prevalence and correlates of different types of military adversity (defined as sexual harassment, sexual assault, emotional bullying and physical assault) within a community sample of UK women veterans.MethodsParticipants were recruited from a UK charity supporting women veterans. 750 women veterans completed an online survey collecting information on sociodemographic and military factors, military adversity, as well as mental health and well-being difficulties. Associations between variables were explored using multivariate logistic regressions.ResultsThe findings indicate a high prevalence of military adversity (22.5% sexual harassment, 5.1% sexual assault, 22.7% emotional bullying and 3.3% physical assault). Younger women, those who held an officer rank during service and those who reported having a combat or combat support role during service were most at risk of military adversity. All types of adversity were significantly associated with probable post-traumatic stress disorder. Sexual harassment was additionally significantly associated with physical somatisation; sexual assault with alcohol difficulties; and emotional bullying with common mental health difficulties, low social support and loneliness.ConclusionsThis study indicates that UK women veterans are at risk of a range of adverse experiences during military service and provides evidence of the impact of such adversities on mental health and well-being. Further research is required to better understand these relationships.
Cross section of D-mesons production via the c-quark fragmentation process at next-to-leading order accuracy in pp collisions at the 7TeV LHC
Authors: Dadfar S. , Zarrin S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractIn this paper, the differential cross section of charmed mesons production ($$D_{s}^{\pm }$$Ds±,$$D^{0}$$D0,$$D^{*}$$D∗and$$D^{*\pm }$$D∗±and$$D^{\pm }$$D±) are computed as a function of transverse momentum$$p_{T}$$pTand the total cross sections. The hadronization mechanism is considered via a fragmentation process of acheavy quark to a light-heavy meson according to Suzuki’s model. The two-cutoff phase-space slicing method has been applied to calculate the phase-space integral of two- and three-body subprocess cross sections and fragmentation function (FF) at next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy. By using Monte Carlo (MC) techniques, we try to properly estimate the ratio of neutral to chargedD-meson production$$R_{u/d}$$Ru/dand the strangeness-suppression factor$$\gamma _{s}$$γs. Our numerical results show that the NLO corrections of the FF have significant effect onD-mesons production and enhance the cross section ratio at NLO respect to leading order (LO) about$$50\%$$50%. A comparison indicates that our cross section results are in agreement (within uncertainties) with available data from ATLAS and ALICE and theoretical predictions of the fixed-order next-to-leading-logarithm (FONLL) approach and NLO parton-shower MC simulation (MC@NLO) in high-energy proton–proton (pp) collisions at$$\sqrt{s}=7TeV$$s=7TeV.
Differentiated influence of the double porosity of the chalk on solute and heat transport
Authors: Hoffmann Richard , Goderniaux Pascal , Jamin Pierre , Orban Philippe , Brouyère Serge , Dassargues Alain 
Published: October 2021

Abstract
Chalk porosity plays a decisive role in the transport of solutes and heat in saturated chalk. From a geological point of view, there are at least two types of porosity: the porosity of pores corresponding to the micro-spaces between the fossil coccoliths that form the chalk matrix and the porosity owing to the micro- and macro-fractures (i.e. secondary porosity). For groundwater flow, the fracture porosity is a determining factor at the macroscopic scale. The multiscale heterogeneity of the porous/fractured chalk induces different effects on solute and heat transport. For solute transport considered at the macroscopic scale, tracer tests have shown that the ‘effective transport porosity’ is substantially lower than the ‘effective drainable porosity’. Moreover, breakthrough curves of tracer tests show an important influence of diffusion in a large portion of the ‘immobile water’ (‘matrix diffusion’) together with rapid preferential advection through the fractures. For heat transport, the matrix diffusion in the ‘immobile water’ of the chalk is hard to distinguish from conduction within the saturated chalk.