bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transwell‐Integrated 2 µm Thick Transparent Polydimethylsiloxane Membranes with Controlled Pore Sizes and Distribution to Model the Blood‐Brain Barrier
Authors: Zakharova Mariia , Tibbe Martijn P. , Koch Lena S. , Le‐The Hai , Leferink Anne M. , van den Berg Albert , van der Meer Andries D. , Broersen Kerensa , Segerink Loes I. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractTraditional Transwell inserts with track‐etched 10 μm thick polymer membranes have been intensively used for studying cellular barriers. However, their thickness hampers direct cell‐cell interaction between the adjacent cells which has been shown to critically influence the barrier formation. Therefore, here the effect of reduced distance between the cells by using fivefold thinner (2 μm) optically transparent polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes is studied and compared with polycarbonate (PC) membranes. The authors validate their applicability as an alternative substrate for the study of the blood–brain barrier by performing a monoculture of brain endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) and co‐culture with astrocytes in Transwells. The PDMS membranes supported the cellular protrusions through the well‐defined pores and allowed control over cellular transmigration by varying the pore size. Cellular localization of tight and adherens junction proteins ZO‐1, Claudin‐5, and VE‐cadherin is similar to PC membranes while their expression levels are affected as a function of membrane material and co‐culture with astrocytes. Additionally, a permeability assay indicated tighter barrier formation on the PDMS membrane. These results suggest the potential use of 2 μm PDMS membranes for in vitro modeling of biological barriers with improved co‐culture models and enhanced visibility of the cell culture.
High Stability and Strong Luminescence CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 Perovskite Nanocomposite: Large‐Scale Synthesis, Reversible Luminescence, and Anti‐Counterfeiting Application
Authors: Wang Ze , Zhang Yaqian , Liu Xiaodong , Yu Yanxia , Xu Fucai , Ding Jing , Liang Xiaojuan , Yang Keqin , Xiang Weidong 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, a simple low‐temperature self‐assembly strategy is used to synthesize the CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 nanocomposite with a relatively high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY, 72%) and product yield (87%). As expected, the nanocomposite exhibits good photoluminescence (PL) performance and stability. Further, 90% of the PLQY is maintained even when heating at 100 °C for 24 h, and almost no emission degradation is observed after storage in ethanol for 10 days. Furthermore, the prepared CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 nanocomposite exhibits the reversible luminescence phenomenon by simply applying the wetting and drying process. This abnormal phenomenon is due to the internal phase transformation of the CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 nanocomposite. The potential application of the nanocomposite in anti‐counterfeiting has been demonstrated. This work facilitates the production and application of inorganic metal halide perovskite‐based functional materials.
Ultralong Polymeric Room Temperature Phosphorescence Materials Fabricated by Multiple Hydrogen Bondings Resistant to Temperature and Humidity
Authors: Zhu Yan , Guan Yan , Niu Yifan , Wang Pu , Chen Renjie , Wang Yanhao , Wang Ping , Xie He‐Lou 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPolymeric room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have attracted tremendous attentions owing to their excellent flexibility, easy processing, low cost, and good thermal stability. In this work, an improved strategy is proposed for ultralong RTP polymeric materials through copolymerizing the phosphor monomer with D (donor)−A (acceptor) structure and another monomer with ultrastrong multiple hydrogen bonds. A series of copolymers (P1–P4) containing different ratios of carbazole‐dibenzofuran (CDF) and ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) segments are successfully prepared. The obtained copolymers show ultralong phosphorescence lifetimes between 1.70 and 2.16 s with afterglow duration time between 15 and 17 s. The multiple hydrogen bonds of UPy groups can promote extremely intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, which immobilize the phosphors to prevent nonradiative transitions. Especially, these interactions lead to the copolymers can be robustly resistant to high temperature and humidity. Flexible and foldable anti‐counterfeiting with high temperature and humidity resistant features are achieved, which would be applied in practical special environments.
Layered ZnIn2S4 Single Crystals for Ultrasensitive and Wearable Photodetectors
Authors: Valdman Lukáš , Mazánek Vlastimil , Marvan Petr , Serra Marco , Arenal Raul , Sofer Zdeněk 
Published: August 2021

AbstractZinc indium sulfide belongs to the family of layered ternary chalcogenides. Although ZnIn2S4 has a suitable bandgap in the visible range, its optoelectronic properties are not fully investigated. Most photodetectors based on layered semiconductors suffer from large dark currents, which hamper their performance and energy efficiency. In this work, high quality ZnIn2S4 single crystals are synthesized via chemical vapor transport. The free‐standing crystals are ≈20 μm thick and up to 2 cm2 in area and produce large photocurrents upon UV–vis illumination, while also maintaining extremely low currents in the dark. This allows to fabricate a simple photodetector with ohmic contacts, exhibiting extremely small dark currents down to 10–12 A. The ON/OFF (light/dark) switching ratio reaches value of 106, the highest reported for a layered semiconductor. Furthermore, the photodetector exhibits remarkable responsivity of 173 A W–1 and excellent detectivity of 1.7 × 1012 Jones. To demonstrate sensitivity and flexibility of the ZnIn2S4 crystals, a wearable device is also fabricated. The wearable is able to record human heart rate and compare it with signal measured by a commercial smartwatch. The results suggest a substantial research potential in further explorations of ZnIn2S4 and other ternary chalcogenides for optoelectronic applications.
Recent Advances in Organophosphorus‐Catalyzed Borylation and Silylation Reactions
Authors: Biswas Krishna , Das Aniruddha , Ganesh Venkataraman 
Published: August 2021

AbstractOver the past few decades, organophosphorus catalysis has emerged as a robust platform for the preparation of highly functionalized molecules with excellent control of reactivity and selectivity. Organophosphorus catalysis has the advantages of mild and metal‐free reaction conditions. The easy‐to‐tune electronic and steric properties of phosphorus provide an easy handle for developing efficient synthetic methodologies with high stereochemical fidelity. This review describes the efforts to introduce boron and silicon functionalities into organic substrates catalyzed by organophosphorus compounds. These catalysts are categorized into nucleophilic, electrophilic, and biphilic phosphorus catalysts. Phosphorus compounds efficiently catalyze hydroboration of various unsaturated systems, carbonyl compounds, imines, etc.; hydro‐/cyano‐silylation of carbonyls; and silylation of alcohols. The present review emphasizes the scope of nucleophilic, electrophilic, and biphilic phosphorus‐based catalysis to introduce boron and silicon functionalities into organic compounds, mainly from the recent decade.magnified image
Development of Dual Receptor Enhanced Pre‐Targeting Strategy—A Novel Promising Technology for Immuno‐Positron Emission Tomography Imaging
Authors: Sun Lingyi , Gai Yongkang , Li Zhonghan , Zhang Xiaohui , Li Jianchun , Ma Yongyong , Li Huiqiang , Barajas Ramon F. , Zeng Dexing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPositron emission tomography (PET) imaging has become an important diagnostic tool. Various pre‐targeting systems have been reported to address limitations associated with traditional immuno‐PET. However, the application of these mono‐receptor based pre‐targeting (MRPT) strategies is limited to non‐internalizable antibodies, and the tumor uptake is usually much lower than that in the corresponding immuno‐PET. To circumvent these limitations, the first dual‐receptor enhanced pre‐targeting (DRPT) system is developed through entrapping the tumor‐receptor‐specific radioligand by the pre‐administered antibody. Besides the similar ligation pathway happens in MRPT, incorporation of a tumor‐receptor‐specific peptide into the radioligand in DRPT enhances both concentration and retention of the radioligand on tumor, promoting its ligation with pre‐administered antibody on cell‐surface and/or internalized into tumor‐cells. In this study, 64Cu‐based DRPT shows superior performance over corresponding MRPT and immuno‐PET using internalizable antibodies. Besides, the compatibility of DRPT with short‐lived and generator‐produced 68Ga is demonstrated, leveraging its advantage in reducing radio‐dose exposure. Furthermore, the feasibility of reducing the amount of the pre‐administered antibody is confirmed, indicating the cost saving potential of DRPT. In summary, synergizing advantages of dual‐receptor targeting and pre‐targeting, it is expect that this DRPT strategy can become a breakthrough technology in the field of antibody‐based molecular imaging.
An Order–Disorder Type High‐Temperature Multiaxial Supramolecular Ferroelectric
Authors: He Lei , Xu Ke , Shi Ping‐Ping , Ye Qiong , Zhang Wen 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMuch progress has been witnessed in exploring host–guest type ferroelectrics represented by ammonium‐crown ether compounds. However, the major obstacles in expanding their promising applications in nonvolatile memory elements, capacitors, and sensors are relatively low Curie temperature (Tc) and uniaxial attribute. Herein, by screening different organic cations and inorganic anions to assemble with 18‐crown‐6 molecule, it is found that a new ammonium‐crown ether inclusion ferroelectric 1, [(ATHTP)(18‐crown‐6)]BF4 (ATHTP = protonated 4‐aminotetrahydrothiopyran), undergoing a ferroelectric phase transition at a much higher Tc of 392 K which is comparable to BaTiO3 (Tc = 393 K). Notably, the distinct symmetry breaking, that is, 4/mmmFmm2, leads to a biaxial ferroelectric with four equivalent directions of polarization. Such high Tc and multiaxial nature are rare in existing crown ether‐based ferroelectrics. This work can help the exploration of high‐Tc multiaxial ferroelectrics toward further device applications.
High Performance Organic Electronic Devices Based on a Green Hybrid Dielectric
Authors: Tousignant Mathieu N. , Rice Nicole A. , Niskanen Jukka , Richard Chloé M. , Ritaine Dialia , Adronov Alex , Lessard Benoît H. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAs the cost of electronics decreases, the demand for short‐term and single‐use applications, such as smart packaging, increases. Consequently, there is significant need for electronically active biodegradable materials to reduce the environmental impact of disposable electronic devices. A bilayer dielectric is developed based on environmentally friendly, low‐cost solution‐processable polymers, fabricated by thermally crosslinking a toluene diisocyanate‐terminated polycaprolactone (TPCL) layer with the hydroxyl groups of a poly(vinyl alcohol)/cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) blended dielectric (PVAC). Metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitors are fabricated and characterized under ambient and humid conditions. The incorporation of a TPCL layer in the bilayer dielectric results in a large reduction in moisture sensitivity when compared to neat PVAC without significantly altering the dielectric constant. When utilized as a dielectric in organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs), the transistors prepared with the PVAC/TPCL dielectric have greater on/off ratios and hole mobilities, with reduced hysteresis compared to devices fabricated with PVAC. Furthermore, the fabricated OTFTs function at operating voltages six times lower when compared against a traditional silicon dioxide (SiO2) dielectric. The facile processing, combined with superior device performance, makes this green bilayer dielectric a promising candidate material for biodegradable disposable electronic applications.
Phylogeny of Lantana, Lippia, and related genera (Lantaneae: Verbenaceae)
Authors: Lu‐Irving Patricia , Bedoya Ana M. , Salimena Fátima R. G. , dos Santos Silva Tânia R. , Viccini Lyderson F. , Bitencourt Cássia , Thode Verônica A. , Cardoso Pedro H. , O'Leary Nataly , Olmstead Richard G. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPremiseLantana and Lippia (Verbenaceae) are two large Linnean genera whose classification has been based on associated fruit traits: fleshy vs. dry fruits and one vs. two seed‐bearing units. We reconstruct evolutionary relationships and the evolution of the two fruit traits to test the validity of these traits for classification.MethodsPrevious studies of plastid DNA sequences provided limited resolution for this group. Consequently, seven nuclear loci, including ITS, ETS, and five PPR loci, were sequenced for 88 accessions of the Lantana/Lippia clade and three outgroups.ResultsNeither Lantana nor Lippia is monophyletic. Burroughsia, Nashia, Phyla, and several Aloysia species are included within the clade comprising Lantana and Lippia. We provide a hypothesis for fruit evolution and biogeographic history in the group and their relevance for classification.ConclusionsFleshy fruits evolved multiple times in the Lantana/Lippia clade and thus are not suitable taxonomic characters. Several sections of Lantana and Lippia and the small genera are monophyletic, but Lippia section Zappania is broadly paraphyletic, making circumscription of genera difficult. Lippia sect. Rhodolippia is a polyphyletic group characterized by convergence in showy bracts. Species of Lantana sect. Sarcolippia, previously transferred to Lippia, are not monophyletic. The clade originated and diversified in South America, with at least four expansions into both Central America and the Caribbean and two to Africa. The types species of Lantana and Lippia occur in small sister clades, rendering any taxonomy that retains either genus similar to its current circumscription impossible.
What fecal analyses reveal about Manniophyton fulvum consumption in LuiKotale bonobos (Pan paniscus): A medicinal plant revisited
Authors: Kreyer Mélodie , Stewart Kathrine , Pashchevskaya Sonya , Fruth Barbara 
Published: August 2021

AbstractObservations of animals in the wild can result in the discovery of plants for human medicinal purposes. In this context, our closest relatives, the great apes, are of particular interest. The Euphorbiaceae Manniophyton fulvum possesses both phytochemical and biomechanical properties. Its use in the genus Pan (P. troglodytes; P. paniscus) is thought to be based on its mechanical properties promoting the egestion of intestinal parasites, but additional observations from different habitats where the behavior is performed may shed more light on its true purpose. To improve our understanding of what triggers this behavior, we investigated M. fulvum consumption in wild bonobos at LuiKotale, Democratic Republic of the Congo between December 2018 and July 2020. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that M. fulvum ingestion is related to gastro‐intestinal parasite expulsion. Of 649 focal follows of 37 individuals from two habituated communities, consumption of M. fulvum was observed on 111 days (N = 507), independent of seasons, environmental factors and the plant's availability. A total of 588 fecal samples were assessed for the presence/absence of gastro‐intestinal parasites. We found strongyle eggs in 2.89% of samples and their presence was not associated with the ingestion of M. fulvum or environmental conditions. We discuss the importance of seasonality in the life cycle of strongyle species that may influence the pattern of M. fulvum consumption observed at LuiKotale. Our data open additional perspectives concerning behavioral parameters such as the existence of a cultural component when comparing ingestion behavior between communities.
Evolution of Molecularly Imprinted Enzyme Inhibitors: From Simple Activity Inhibition to Pathological Cell Regulation
Authors: Xu Jingjing , Miao Haohan , Zou Lihua , Tse Sum Bui Bernadette , Haupt Karsten , Pan Guoqing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractMolecular imprinting represents one of the most promising strategies to design artificial enzyme inhibitors. However, the study of molecularly imprinted enzyme inhibitors (MIEIs) remains at a primary stage. Advanced applications of MIEIs for cell regulation have rarely been explored. Using a solid‐phase oriented imprinting strategy so as to leave the active site of the enzymes accessible, we synthesized two MIEIs that exhibit high specificity and potent inhibitory effects (inhibition constant at low nM range) towards trypsin and angiogenin. The trypsin MIEI inhibits trypsin activity, tryptic digestion‐induced extracellular matrix lysis and cell membrane destruction, indicating its utility in the treatment of active trypsin‐dependent cell injury. The angiogenin MIEI blocks cancer cell proliferation by suppressing the ribonuclease activity of angiogenin and decreasing the angiogenin level inside and outside HeLa cells. Our work demonstrates the versatility of MIEIs for both enzyme inhibition and cell fate manipulation, showing their great potential as therapeutic drugs in biomedicine.
18.77 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Promoted by Aqueous Solution Processed Cobalt(II) Acetate Hole Transporting Layer
Authors: Meng Huifeng , Liao Chentong , Deng Min , Xu Xiaopeng , Yu Liyang , Peng Qiang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractA robust hole transporting layer (HTL), using the cost‐effective Cobalt(II) acetate tetrahydrate (Co(OAc)2⋅4 H2O) as the precursor, was simply processed from its aqueous solution followed by thermal annealing (TA) and UV‐ozone (UVO) treatments. The TA treatment induced the loss of crystal water followed by oxidization of Co(OAc)2⋅4 H2O precursor, which increased the work function. However, TA treatment differently realize a high work function and ideal morphology for charge extraction. The resulting problems could be circumvented easily by additional UVO treatment, which also enhanced the conductivity and lowered the resistance for charge transport. The optimal condition was found to be a low temperature TA (150 °C) followed by simple UVO, where the crystal water in Co(OAc)2⋅4 H2O was removed fully and the HTL surface was anchored by substantial hydroxy groups. Using PM6 as the polymer donor and L8‐BO as the electron acceptor, a record high PCE of 18.77 % of the binary blend OSCs was achieved, higher than the common PEDOT:PSS‐based solar cell devices (18.02 %).
Effect of bagasse content on low frequency acoustic performance of soy oil‐based biodegradable foams filled with bagasse and regulation mechanism analysis
Authors: Zhao Jin , Yu Zengcheng , Tian Huafeng , Liu Shilin , Luo Xiaogang 
Published: August 2021

AbstractReducing noise by using sound absorption materials is an important approach to lessen the harm of noise pollution. Controlling acoustic performance and analyzing the mechanism of the flexible polyurethane biofoams derived from vegetable oil polyol and filled with agricultural and forestry wastes can provide theoretical guidance in designing the biodegradable energy‐saving sound absorbing materials. A series of biofoams were synthesized by using soy oil‐based polyol instead of 50 wt% petroleum‐based polyol with different content of natural resource bagasse as fillers. The material is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis to study the morphology, chemical interaction between constituent phases and thermal stability respectively. The effects of bagasse on morphology, mechanical properties, thermal properties, sound absorption coefficient and degradability of biofoams were investigated. Natural resource bagasse can improve the sound absorption coefficient at low frequency region by changing the cell size, opening ratio and cell wall structure of biofoams. The study confirms that it is possible to control and enhance the acoustic performance of the biofoams by adjusting bagasse content for sound absorption materials.
pH‐sensitive and charge‐reversal Daunorubicin‐conjugated polymeric micelles for enhanced cancer therapy
Authors: Lei Jiaqing , Song Yajing , Li Dan , Lei Mengheng , Tan Rui , Liu Yiqing , Zheng Hua 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, we prepared a novel pH‐sensitive drug delivery system based on Daunorubicin (DNR) using POEGMA‐b‐P(ABMA‐co‐AMA) (denoted as POPAA) as drug carrier which was prepared by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. A charge‐reversal prodrug (DA‐POPAA@imine‐DNR) was obtained after modified with 2,3‐dimethylmaleic anhydride (DA) by copper‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide “click chemistry.” The prodrug could self‐assemble into micelles (denoted as M(DNR)) with a mean particle size of about 132 nm. In vitro DNR release performances showed that there was a release of 13% at pH 7.4 while 73% at pH 5.0. Moreover, the zeta potential of M(DNR) could reserve from negative (−4.37 mV) to positive (+5.21 mV) as pH decreased from 7.4 to 6.5. The in vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that M(DNR) exhibited an efficient cell‐killing performance against HeLa cells. The above results confirmed the great potential of the DNR‐conjugated polymeric micelles for enhanced cancer therapy.
Construction of gold nanoparticles by tubular polysaccharide from black fungus and their apoptosis‐inducing activities in HepG2 cells
Authors: Song Haoying , Hu Na , Gao Ziwei , Zhang Baohui , Hu Junjie , Qiu Zhenpeng , Zheng Guohua , Chang Cong , Meng Yan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with size of 12 ~ 25 nm were loaded on the dendritic nanotubes (DNTs), which were self‐assembled by the triple‐helix polysaccharides from black fungus (AF1). The characterization results proved that the AuNPs were dispersed on the surface of DNTs without affecting their tubular structure. Due to the dendritic structure, the loading content of AuNPs could arrived at 46.4%. Moreover, the potential anticancer activities of the complex (DNT‐Au) were evaluated by the induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells. It was found DNT‐Au could be taken up by cells and enter into lysosomes, further inducing apoptosis in HepG2 cells by ROS‐mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. This work was benefit for the development of natural polysaccharide as a substrate to stabilize nanoparticles in biomedical fields.
Precarity, hybridity and vacillating identity: The work of Michel de M'Uzan and Jenny Saville on being human in a body
Authors: Marks Lesley Ann 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe following study juxtaposes psychoanalytical theories of Michel de M'Uzan with paintings by the artist Jenny Saville. Their respective ideas are mutually reinforcing: Saville's works can be read as a visual representation of some of M'Uzan's concepts, specifically permanent disquiet, the spectrum of identity, and depersonalization. Both psychoanalyst and artist share a fascination with the human body and the hybridity of the human condition, eschewing binary distinctions between the self and other. Saville is interested in bodies that radiate a state of “in‐betweeness”; M'Uzan finds psychic health in the ability to embrace the uncertainty that lies at the interface between ego and nonego. Both explore the possibilities of transformation within the multiple realities of our lives, and for both this is a quest for an inner truth about being human in a body.