bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staatsbildung im Prozess? Neue Perspektiven auf eine Meistererzählung zur französischen Geschichte: Der Fall des Jourdain de l’Isle (1323)
Authors: Jostkleigrewe Georg 
Published: April 2021

Zusammenfassung
Ausgehend vom Beispiel des Jourdain de l’Isle, der 1323 als Verräter und Majestätsverbrecher gehängt wurde, setzt sich der Aufsatz mit einem bis heute dominierenden Paradigma der mediävistischen Frankreichforschung auseinander. Dieses sieht in der Zähmung des fürstlichen und baronialen Adels und dem zielgerichteten Aufbau monarchischer Staatlichkeit durch das Königtum und seine Amtsträger das zentrale Faktum der spätmittelalterlichen französischen Geschichte. Das Verfahren gegen Jourdain de l’Isle, der zahlreiche Fehden im südwestfranzösischen Raum geführt hatte, fügt sich auf den ersten Blick gut in diese Erzählung ein. Es scheint einen ersten Schritt auf dem Weg zur Unterdrückung adliger Eigengewalt und zur Herausbildung eines monarchischen Gewaltmonopols darzustellen. Die genaue Untersuchung erweist das Fallbeispiel allerdings als erheblich vielschichtiger. Jourdains schmähliches Ende war nicht das Ergebnis zielgerichteter königlicher Politik, sondern ergab sich vielmehr aus seiner Verstrickung in zwei einander überschneidende Parteikonflikte am französischen Hof und der avignonesischen Kurie. Erst dieser Kontext erlaubte es Jourdains lokalen Gegnern, die königlichen Gerichtsinstanzen für die Ausschaltung ihres Kontrahenten zu instrumentalisieren. Angesichts dessen mündet der Aufsatz in das Plädoyer, die Verdichtung staatlicher Strukturen im spätmittelalterlichen Frankreich als „statebuilding from below“ zu analysieren und zugleich die Bedeutung faktionaler Konflikte stärker als bisher zu berücksichtigen. Zugleich zeigt er Perspektiven für die Untersuchung weiterer „politischer“ Prozesse des 14. und 15. Jahrhunderts auf.
Characterization and thermal properties of chitosan/perlite nanocomposites
Authors: Doğan Mehmet , Yüksel Hatice , Kizilduman Berna Koçer 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this study, chitosan/perlite nanocomposites were synthesized using the solvent casting method and then characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, optical contact angle, differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Zetasizer NanoS devices. Perlite was determined to be dispersed in nano size and homogeneously in the chitosan matrix. Chitosan/perlite nanocomposite was generally more thermally stable compared to pure chitosan polymer. The fact that the amount of perlite in the nanocomposite increased showed that the hydrophilic properties of nanocomposites increased. In addition, antibacterial activities of the samples were investigated using the agar-disk diffusion method and hemocompatibility testing was also performed.
Design and investigation of N1-class next-generation passive optical network-2 (NG-PON2) coexistence architecture in the presence of Kerr effect and four-wave mixing (FWM) for fiber to the home (FTTX) access networks
Authors: Pagare Rajendraprasad A. , Kumar Santosh , Mishra Abhilasha 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we investigated N1-class Time and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (TWDM) Next-Generation Passive Optical Network-2 (NG-PON2) supporting symmetric and coexistence configuration in a worst-case scenario. The network is optimized in the presence of linear and nonlinear impairments such as chromatic dispersion (CD), self-phase modulation (SPM), cross-phase modulation (XPM), and four-wave mixing (FWM). On-off key (OOK) modulation technique incorporating hybrid optical distribution network (ODN) i.e., wavelength select (WS) and wavelength-routed (WR) ODN is used to connect downstream (D/S) and upstream (U/S) channels supporting symmetric 80 Gbps data rate operating at 2.5/2.5 and 10/10 Gbps, respectively. G.652 single-mode (SM) fiber channel is modeled for fiber launch power PTODN = 3 dBm and 4 dBm for D/S and U/S channels to implement N1-class network. The D/S and U/S receiver sensitivity (Rxs) demonstrated are −44.23/−37.46 dBm and −28.46/−35.32 dBm and inter-channel crosstalk (Cc) is −31.97/−31.39 dB accommodating 640 splitter configuration at 50 km in the presence of impairments at 10E-7 bit error rate (BER) and Quality (Q)-factor of 5 for 10 Gbps channel.
Osteopathic manipulative medicine in the management of headaches associated with postconcussion syndrome
Authors: Esterov Dmitry , Thomas Alphonsa , Weiss Kyle 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Context
Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) for various headache types, with limited evidence of its use for headaches related to mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). No studies prior studies were found regarding OMT for headaches in patients with postconcussion syndrome (PCS), defined as symptom persistence for longer than 3 months after MTBI.

Objectives
To evaluate OMT for headaches in patients with PCS.

Methods
A controlled pilot study was conducted of patients with PCS who presented to an outpatient interdisciplinary rehabilitation clinic; patients with symptoms lasting longer than 3 months were enrolled and randomly assigned to an OMT treatment group or a control group. Primary outcome measures were immediate change in headache scores according to a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and change in the six item Headache Impact Test (HIT-6) between baseline and follow up visits. The participants in the control group completed the HIT-6 between baseline and follow up visits but did not receive OMT and did not complete the VAS. Mean immediate VAS score change for the treatment group and mean improvement in HIT-6 scores for both groups between baseline and follow up were analyzed for statistical significance.

Results
A total of 26 patients were included in this study: 13 (50%) in the treatment group and 13 (50%) in the control group. Six patients (23.1%), three from each group, did not complete the study, so 10 subjects in each group were included in the final analysis. Statistically significant improvement in VAS scores was seen immediately after OMT in the treatment group (mean change, 2.1;p=0.002). Mean HIT-6 scores showed improvement in the treatment group compared with the control group, although the change was not statistically significant (p=0.15) from baseline to follow up visit. No adverse effects from treatments were noted.

Conclusions
Patients with headaches secondary to PCS showed immediate benefit in headache pain intensity after OMT. However, no sustained benefit was found on the follow up visit compared with the control group.
Meaningful use of COMSAE Phase 1 in preparation for COMLEX-USA Level 1
Authors: Wang Xiaolin , Maeda Hotaka , Craig Brandon , Tsai Tsung-Hsun , Sandella Jeanne M. , Fleury Marie 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Context
The Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination of the United States (COMLEX-USA) is a three level national standardized licensure examination for the practice of osteopathic medicine. The Comprehensive Medical Self Assessment Examination (COMSAE) is a three phase self assessment tool designed to gauge the base knowledge and ability of candidates preparing for COMLEX-USA.

Objectives
To investigate how COMSAE Phase 1 (Phase 1) was used by candidates and how completing Phase 1 impacted their performance on the COMLEX-USA Level 1 (Level 1) examination.

Methods
Using data from the 2018–2019 administration of Level 1 and Phase 1 examinations, we counted the frequency of the unique Phase 1 forms taken by the candidates and calculated the correlation between the candidates’ first attempt Phase 1 scores and the number of Phase 1 forms taken. We then calculated the correlation between the Level 1 scores and the Phase 1 scores. Next, we applied a multilevel regression model to examine the candidates’ score improvement on the multiple Phase 1 forms taken. Finally, we investigated the effect of practicing through Phase 1 on the candidates’ Level 1 performance using logistic regression models.

Results
The majority of candidates took one (2,414; 33.9%) to two (2,196; 30.8%) timed Phase 1 forms prior to the Level 1 examination. There was a significant negative correlation (r=−0.48, t
(6,505)=−44.05, p<0.001) between the candidates’ first attempt Phase 1 scores and the number of Phase 1 forms taken. There was a strong and positive correlation (r=0.66 to 0.74, p<0.001) between Phase 1 and Level 1 scores. With other variables controlled, on average, candidates’ Phase 1 scores increased 23.2 points on one attempt from the previous attempt. Having the most recent Phase 1 score controlled, a greater number of Phase 1 forms taken was associated with an improvement on the Level 1 performance.

Conclusions
The significant correlation between Phase 1 and Level 1 performance provided validity evidence for Phase 1. Moreover, our results suggested that candidates, especially those with lower performance on their initial Phase 1 attempt, might improve their Level 1 performance by taking multiple Phase 1 forms to monitor their academic improvement and gauge their readiness for Level 1.
Evidence based management of sports related concussion
Authors: Pickett Brent , Bytomski Jeffrey R. , Zafonte Ross D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Sports related concussion (SRC) is a common condition evaluated by healthcare professionals. In an article entitled “Return to Play After Concussion: Clinical Guidelines for Young Athletes” published in the December 2019 issue of the Journal of the American Osteopathic Association, guidelines for the management of SRC were presented to assist healthcare professionals in the management of patients with SRC. However, much of the information presented in that article is contradicted by current expert recommendations and evidence based practice guidelines. The management of SRC has evolved to a nuanced, domain driven diagnosis requiring a multidisciplinary treatment team and a customized management plan for each patient to ensure competent treatment of patients with SRC. As such, this Commentary summarizes current recommendations for diagnosis and management of SRC.
Analysis of the CAG tract length in the Androgen Receptor gene in Mexican patients with nonsyndromic cryptorchidism
Authors: Landero-Huerta Daniel A. , Vigueras-Villaseñor Rosa M. , Taja-Chayeb Lucía , García-Andrade Fabiola , Aréchaga-Ocampo Elena , Yokoyama-Rebollar Emiy , Díaz-Chávez José , Herrera Luis A. , Chávez-Saldaña Margarita D. 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Objectives
Cryptorchidism is the most common genitourinary birth defect in live newborn males and is considered as an important risk factor for testicular germ cell tumors and infertility. The Androgen Receptor gene is important in this pathology due to its participation, mainly, in the inguinoscrotal phase of testicular descent. We determine the length of the CAG tract in the Androgen Receptor (AR) gene in Mexican patients with nonsyndromic cryptorchidism.

Methods
One hundred and 15 males were included; of these, 62 had nonsyndromic cryptorchidism and 53 were healthy volunteers. DNA was extracted from a peripheral blood samples, subsequently, the CAG tract in exon 1 of AR gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced.

Results
Mexican patients with nonsyndromic cryptorchidism presented 25.03 ± 2.58 repeats of CAG tract in the AR gene compared to 22.72 ± 3.17 repeats of CAG tract in Mexican healthy individuals (p≤0.0001; t value of 4.3). Furthermore, the deletion of codon 57 that corresponds to the deletion of a leucine residue at position 57 (Del L57) in the AR gene was found for the first time in a nonsyndromic cryptorchidism patient. This molecular alteration has been related previously to testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT).

Conclusions
The CAG tract in the AR gene is longer in patients with nonsyndromic cryptorchidism than in healthy individuals, supporting the association between this polymorphism of the AR gene and nonsyndromic cryptorchidism in the Mexican population.
Two Kindred Neo-Kantian Philosophies of Science: Pap’sThe A Priori in Physical Theoryand Cassirer’sDeterminism and Indeterminism in Modern Physics
Authors: Mormann Thomas 
Published: April 2021

AbstractThe main thesis of this paper is that Pap’sThe Functional A PrioriinPhysical Theoryand Cassirer’sDeterminism and Indeterminism in Modern Physicsmay be conceived as two kindred accounts of a late Neo-Kantian philosophy of science. They elucidate and clarify each other mutually by elaborating conceptual possibilities and pointing out affinities of neo-Kantian ideas with other currents of 20th century’s philosophy of science, namely, pragmatism, conventionalism, and logical empiricism. Taking into account these facts, it seems not too far fetched to conjecture that under more favorable circumstances Pap could have served as a mediator between the “analytic” and “continental” tradition thereby overcoming the dogmatic dualism of these two philosophical currents that has characterized philosophy in the second half the 20th century.
Identifying and Evaluating the Critical Success Factors for Academic Information Management and Evaluation Centers: The Case of Iran
Authors: Noroozi Chakoli Abdolreza , Samadi Laleh 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Identifying the factors affecting the success of academic information management and evaluation centers is one of the most important studies on how its results can increase the productivity of these centers. This research attempts to investigate the effect of five critical success factors for three centers of academic information management and evaluation in Iran as a developing country. These centers play a key role in the management and evaluation of theses, research projects, papers, and patents nationally. Semi-structured interviews, studies of literature, and providing questionnaires have been used to collect the material for the research. The research population was selected using purposive sampling and consists of managers and all the employees in the three centers who had at least a master’s degree. Their viewpoints were surveyed and the data was analyzed using ANOVA, Scheffe, and Pearson’s correlation test. The findings affirm that “management stability” makes it possible to perform long-term plans in these centers. However, “independency” acts as a factor to strike the balance between responsibilities and authorities, “manager’s speciality” improves the plans and performances in a specific and professional way, “information technology” reduces the expenses and facilitates the presentation of faster services, and finally “distance from authorities” influences the speed of reporting and providing facilities. The results show each of these five factors, not only independently but also together and as a whole, affects the success of these kinds of centers. Moreover, while confirming the correlation between these factors, it was revealed which of these factors has a greater impact on their success.
Exploring Sub-Saharan Africa’s Communication of COVID-19-Related Health Information on Social Media
Authors: Asubiaro Toluwase , Badmus Oluwole , Ikenyei Uche , Popoola Biliamin , Igwe Ebelechukwu 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Social media presents a robust stage for disseminating time-sensitive information that is needed during a public health disease of global concern such as COVID-19. This study finds out how the 23 anglophone Sub-Saharan African countries’ national health ministries and infectious disease agencies disseminated COVID-19 related information through their social media accounts within the first three months after the declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 related qualitative and quantitative data types were collected from the social media accounts of the surveyed national health ministries and agencies for analysis. Over 86% of the African countries had presence on social media; Facebook was the most popular, though Twitter contained more posts. One of the credibility issues that was noticed is that most of the health ministries’ and agencies’ social media accounts were unverified and access to the social media accounts was not provided on most of their official websites. Information dissemination became more deliberate and increased significantly after the announcement of the fist cases of COVID-19 in the countries under review. Awareness creation, updates and news constituted the major categories of information that were disseminated, mostly in the form of derivative social media information before the announcement of the first COVID-19 case in the surveyed African countries. Campaigns against misinformation were barely undertaken by most of the countries. Strategies used by some countries included the employment of social media influencers and creation of content in local languages. Strategies that include development of health information content that targets different groups in African societies and the inclusion of elderly in the community and religious leaders as non-state actors in health information communication were recommended.
Knockdown of circ_0003204 alleviates oxidative low-density lipoprotein-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells injury: Circulating RNAs could explain atherosclerosis disease progression
Authors: Su Qiuxia , Dong Xianhua , Tang Chonghui , Wei Xiaojie , Hao Youguo , Wu Jun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a serious cardiovascular disease. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play an important role in the progression of many diseases, including AS. However, the role of circ_0003204 in AS is not clear. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to construct an AS cell model in vitro. Cell viability was assessed using cell counting kit 8 (CCK8) assay. Flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity were used to measure cell apoptosis. The contents of inflammatory cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oxidative stress marker expression and cell injury marker activity were detected by their corresponding Assay Kits. Besides, the expression levels of circ_0003204, miR-330-5p, and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) were tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The interaction between miR-330-5p and circ_0003204 or TLR4 was examined by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA pull-down assay. Western blot (WB) analysis was used to determine the levels of TLR4 protein and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway-related protein. Our data suggested that ox-LDL could suppress viability and promote apoptosis, inflammatory response, and oxidative stress in HUVECs. circ_0003204 was highly expressed in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs, and its silencing could inhibit ox-LDL-induced HUVECs injury. miR-330-5p could be sponged by circ_0003204, and its inhibitor could reverse the inhibition effect of silenced circ_0003204 on ox-LDL-induced HUVECs injury. Further, TLR4 could be targeted by miR-330-5p, and its overexpression could invert the suppression effect of miR-330-5p on ox-LDL-induced HUVECs injury. The activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway was regulated by the circ_0003204/miR-330-5p/TLR4 axis. Our results indicated that circ_0003204 silencing could alleviate ox-LDL-induced HUVECs injury, suggesting that circ_0003204 might be a novel target for AS treatment.
Role of cesarean section in the development of neonatal gut microbiota: A systematic review
Authors: Shaterian Negin , Abdi Fatemeh , Ghavidel Nooshin , Alidost Farzane 
Published: April 2021

Abstract

Background
The delivery mode is one of the factors affecting the type of colonization of the human gut. Gut colonization affects all stages of the human life cycle, and the type of gut microbiome can contribute to immune system function, the development of some diseases, and brain development; and it has a significant impact on a newborn’s growth and development.

Methods
Terms defined as MeSH keywords were searched by the databases, and web search engines such as PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched between 2010 and 2020. The quality of each study was assessed according to the Newcastle–Ottawa scale, and seven eligible and high-quality studies were analyzed.

Finding
The abundances of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium during the first 3 months of life; Lactobacillus and Bacteroides during the second 3 months of life; Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium during the second 6 months of life; and Bacteroides, Enterobacter, and Streptococcus after the first year of life were higher in vaginal delivery-born infants. While infants born by cesarean section (CS) had higher abundances of Clostridium and Lactobacillus during the first 3 months of life, Enterococcus and Clostridium during the second 3 months of life, and Lactobacillus and Staphylococcus after the first year of life.

Discussion
Delivery mode can affect the type of the human intestinal microbiota. The CS-born babies had lower colonization rates of Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides, but they had higher colonization rates of Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus. Given the effect of microbiota colonization on neonatal health, it is therefore recommended to conduct further studies in order to investigate the effect of the colonization on the delivery mode and on baby’s growth and development.

Application to practice
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CS in the development of the neonatal gut microbiota.
Plasmonic hot-electron photodetection with quasi-bound states in the continuum and guided resonances
Authors: Wang Wenhao , Besteiro Lucas V. , Yu Peng , Lin Feng , Govorov Alexander O. , Xu Hongxing , Wang Zhiming 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
Hot electrons generated in metallic nanostructures have shown promising perspectives for photodetection. This has prompted efforts to enhance the absorption of photons by metals. However, most strategies require fine-tuning of the geometric parameters to achieve perfect absorption, accompanied by the demanding fabrications. Here, we theoretically propose a Ag grating/TiO2 cladding hybrid structure for hot electron photodetection (HEPD) by combining quasi-bound states in the continuum (BIC) and plasmonic hot electrons. Enabled by quasi-BIC, perfect absorption can be readily achieved and it is robust against the change of several structural parameters due to the topological nature of BIC. Also, we show that the guided mode can be folded into the light cone by introducing a disturbance to become a guided resonance, which then gives rise to a narrow-band HEPD that is difficult to be achieved in the high loss gold plasmonics. Combining the quasi-BIC and the guided resonance, we also realize a multiband HEPD with near-perfect absorption. Our work suggests new routes to enhance the light-harvesting in plasmonic nanosystems.
The crystal structure of hexakis(1-propylimidazole-κ1
N)copper(II) dichloride, C36H60Cl2CuN12
Authors: He Qingpeng , Liu Gang , Xue Zechun 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
C36H60Cl2CuN12, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 8.3112(2) Å, b = 15.9513(4) Å, c = 17.1068(4) Å, β = 99.671(2)° V = 2235.69(9) Å3, Z = 2, R

gt
(F) = 0.0523, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1606, T = 298(2) K.
Crystal structure of (E)-N-(1-((2-chlorothiazol-5-yl)methyl)pyridin-2(1H)-ylidene)-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide, C11H7ClF3N3OS
Authors: Zhao Benbo , Yuan Changchun , Xun Miao-Miao , Fu Kai 
Published: April 2021

Abstract
C11H7ClF3N3OS, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 21.9623(8) Å, b = 9.7431(4) Å, c = 16.1379(5) Å, β = 132.0530(10)°, V = 2564.09(16) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0456, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0938, T = 170 K.