bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon emissions and hospital pathology stewardship: a retrospective cohort analysis
Authors: McAlister Scott , Smyth Brendan , Koprivic Ivan , Luca Di Tanna Gian , McGain Forbes , Charlesworth Kate , Brown Mark A. , Konecny Pam 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundAs healthcare is responsible for 7% of Australia's carbon emissions, it was recognised that a policy implemented at St George Hospital, Sydney, to reduce non‐urgent pathology testing to 2 days per week and, on other days only if essential, would also result in a reduction in carbon emissions. The aim of the study was to measure the impact of this intervention on pathology collections and associated carbon emissions and pathology costs.AimsTo measure the impact of an intervention to reduce unnecessary testing on pathology collections and associated carbon emissions and pathology costs.MethodsThe difference in the number of pathology collections, carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) for five common blood tests and pathology cost per admission were compared between a 6‐month reference period and 6‐month intervention period. CO2e were estimated from published pathology CO2e impacts. Cost was derived from pathology billing records. Outcomes were modelled using multivariable negative binomial, generalised linear and logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 24 585 pathology collections in 5695 patients were identified. In adjusted analysis, the rate of collections was lower during the intervention period (rate ratio 0.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.86–0.95; P < 0.001). This resulted in a reduction of 53 g CO2e (95% CI, 24–83 g; P < 0.001) and $22 (95% CI, $9–$34; P = 0.001) in pathology fees per admission. The intervention was estimated to have saved 132 kg CO2e (95% CI, 59–205 kg) and $53 573 (95% CI, 22 076–85 096).ConclusionsReduction in unnecessary hospital pathology collections was associated with both carbon emission and cost savings. Pathology stewardship warrants further study as a potentially scalable, cost‐effective and incentivising pathway to lowering healthcare associated greenhouse gas emissions.
Drought stress in sorghum: Mitigation strategies, breeding methods and technologies—A review
Authors: Yahaya Muhammad Ahmad , Shimelis Hussein 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAgriculture accounts for 70% of the global use of available freshwater. Projections show that demand for water will increase significantly due to climate change, population growth and development of agricultural enterprises globally. There is a need to develop water‐use efficient crop cultivars for sustainable agricultural production. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] is a powerhouse crop in drier regions supporting more than 500 million people. It is a relatively drought‐tolerant crop adapted to grow and yield in marginal environments where other dominant crops such as maize and wheat fail to survive. However, the mean yield of sorghum in the semi‐arid regions has stagnated around 1.0 ton/ha compared with the global average of 2.5 ton/ha, mainly due to recurrent droughts and heat stress. Breeding for drought‐tolerant cultivars is an economic and sustainable mitigation strategy against the current and projected drought stress. Therefore, the objectives of this review were to document the impact of drought stress and the key mitigation strategies under drought‐prone semi‐arid sorghum production systems. The first section of the review highlighted the impact of drought and its mitigation strategies emphasizing on the use of drought‐tolerant cultivars as the best strategy. This is followed by perspectives on aspects of drought‐response mechanisms, breeding methods and complementary technologies for drought tolerance. Integration of the conventional and molecular breeding technologies with rapid generation advancement methods could reduce the breeding cycle and increase the efficiency of deploying new varieties. Information presented in this review will guide agronomists and breeders to develop and deploy drought‐tolerant sorghum cultivars that are adapted to the changing production environments in the semi‐arid regions.
A critical analysis of the parameters affecting the oxidation behavior of ultra‐high‐temperature diboride ceramics
Authors: Bianco Giuseppe , Nisar Ambreen , Zhang Cheng , Boesl Benjamin , Agarwal Arvind 
Published: November 2021

AbstractIn the last few decades, research on the processing and properties of ultra‐high‐temperature ceramics (UHTCs) has generated a substantial base of knowledge and left several unanswered questions. There is a large scatter in the literature data associated with the processing of UHTC borides prompting the non‐reproducibility and non‐uniformity in the microstructure and, thus, desired properties. Herein, the data on the oxidation behavior of UHTC borides ubiquitous in the entire literature are analyzed to understand the effect of composition, sintering parameters, densification, grain size, and oxidation conditions. A conjunction of graphical methods has been utilized to converge the scattered data and correlate the effect of variables and testing environment on the oxidation behavior. It was concluded that high densification (>95%), large grain size (∼8 μm), and 20–30 vol.% of Si‐containing additives (SiC, Ta5Si3, and TaSi2) could augment the oxidation resistance. The study elucidates that oxide scale thickness should be preferred over mass gain in future studies as a metric for measuring oxidation. The analysis presented here will allow the UHTC community to optimize diboride materials' design for hypersonic applications. The developed database on the oxidation performance of diborides will also transfer knowledge beyond the memory banks of the experts in the field. Furthermore, well‐structured databases such as the one developed herein could be employed in data‐driven approaches to optimize the design and manufacturing of ultra‐high‐temperature materials in an efficient scheme.
The effect of phase transition of crednerite/delafossite CuMn1−xCrxO2 on optical, thermal, and power factor properties
Authors: Srepusharawoot Pornjuk , Kosalwat Wattana , Ruttanapun Chesta 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effect of the phase transition of CuMn1−xCrxO2 compound on the Jahn–Teller effect which in turn affects the optical, thermal, and thermoelectric power factor properties. The CuMn1−xCrxO2 samples were synthesized by a solid‐state reaction method. The ab initio computation was applied to evaluate the electronic and optical properties in order to confirm the experiment data. The appearance of the phase transition from crednerite CuMnO2 to delafossite CuCrO2 was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and the ab initio computation through displaying the mixed crednerite/delafossite phase; and, the existence of the Jahn–Teller effect was confirmed by the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technique exhibiting the occurrence of mixed‐state Mn3+/Mn4+ ions. The results obtained from XRD, XPS, and the ab initio computation implied the decrease of the Jahn–Teller behavior with increased x content under the influence of the phase transition from the crednerite phase to the delafossite phase of CuMn1−xCrxO2. Surprisingly, the Jahn–Teller distortion reduction caused an increase in the energy gap of the optical property, electrical resistivity, and activation energy in thermally activated band conduction. The effect suffered the specific heat behavior by being separated into two groups of crednerite and delafossite, and enhanced the small polaron behavior by increasing the activation energy of thermally activated band conduction. The phase transition reduced the results of thermal conductivity, thermopower, and thermoelectric power factor properties. In other words, the effect of the phase transition from the crednerite CuMnO2 phase to the delafossite CuCrO2 phase on CuMn1−xCrxO2 compound reduced the Jahn–Teller effect with increased Cr content which in turn caused changes in the optical, thermal, and thermoelectric power factor properties. The effect of the phase transition is advantageous for the improvement of material properties.
Addressing amorphization and transgranular fracture of B4C through Si doping and TiB2 microparticle reinforcing
Authors: Hwang Chawon , Du Jun , Yang Qirong , Celik Azmi M. , Christian Kent , An Qi , Schaefer Mark C. , Xie Kelvin Y. , LaSalvia Jerry C. , Hemker Kevin J. , Goddard William A. , Haber Richard A. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractOver the last two decades, many studies have contributed to improving our understanding of the brittle failure mechanisms of boron carbide and provided a road map for inhibiting the underlying mechanisms and improving the mechanical response of boron carbide. This paper provides a review of the design and processing approaches utilized to address the amorphization and transgranular fracture of boron carbide, which are mainly based on what we have found through 9 years of work in the field of boron carbides as armor ceramics.
Hydration kinetics and microstructure development of normal and NaAlO2‐activated Al‐doped β‐C2S pastes
Authors: Zhang Wensheng , Zhang Jiangtao , Ye Jiayuan , Ren Xuehong , Liu Lei , Shen Weiguo 
Published: November 2021

AbstractSodium aluminate (NaAlO2) can be used to accelerate hydration of Portland cements. Here, we compare the use of NaAlO2 solutions with deionized water on the hydration of Al‐doped β‐C2S. The microstructure development of hydration product C‐S‐H obtained from hydrated Al‐doped β‐C2S was investigated. NaAlO2 significantly improved the hydration kinetics of Al‐doped β‐C2S due to the enhancement in the precipitation of calcium hydroxide and stimulation of C‐(A)‐S‐H nucleation and increased the early‐age mechanical strength of Al‐doped β‐C2S pastes. NaAlO2 promoted the incorporation of Al in the C‐(A)‐S‐H structure and accelerated the formation of C‐(A)‐S‐H phases containing tetra‐, penta‐ and hexa‐coordinated Al in its composition. The alkali cations modified the electrostatic equilibrium of the C‐(A)‐S‐H, thus promoting the development of the nano‐mechanical properties.
Efficacy of tooth‐supported compared to implant‐supported full‐arch removable prostheses in patients with terminal dentition. A systematic review
Authors: Donos Nikolaos , André Mezzomo Luis , Mardas Nikolaos , Goldoni Matteo , Calciolari Elena 
Published: November 2021

AbstractAimsTo compare tooth‐ (TSRP) and implant‐supported (ISRP) removable prostheses in terms of abutment and prosthesis survival (PICO 1) and estimated cumulative survival of teeth/implants and prostheses (PICO 2) at ≥12‐month post‐prosthesis delivery in patients with stage IV periodontitis.Materials and MethodsFive databases were searched to identify RCTs, CCTs, single arms, prospective cohort studies, case series and retrospective studies. Duplicate screening was performed, and ranges for abutment and prosthesis survival were calculated.ResultsTwenty‐six studies were included in the qualitative assessment. Only one study with critical risk of bias comparing the two treatment modalities reported similar survival rates at 2 years. Overall, prospective studies on ISRPs indicated an implant survival rate ranging from 96.4% to 100% and a prosthesis survival rate of 100% with a follow‐up from 12 to 54 months. Prospective studies on TSRPs indicated a tooth survival ranging from 85.71% to 100% at 1‐ to 10‐years follow‐up.ConclusionsThe available evidence is of poor quality, and it does not allow to make robust conclusions on the efficacy of these rehabilitations in stage IV periodontitis patients. Particularly for TSRPs, careful patient selection is crucial and a certain number of biological and prosthetic complications should be expected.
Lifetime prevalence and determinants of hand eczema in an adolescent population in Germany: 15‐year follow‐up of the LISA cohort study
Authors: Wang J. , Tischer C. , Standl M. , Weidinger S. , von Berg A. , Herberth G. , Yew Y.W. , Heinrich J. , Schmitt J. , Apfelbacher C. 
Published: November 2021

AbstractBackgroundHand eczema is a common inflammatory skin disorder in both adolescence and adulthood.ObjectivesWe sought to assess the lifetime prevalence of hand eczema and associated exogenous and endogenous risk factors among adolescents in Germany.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study embedded into a prospective population‐based birth cohort in four regions of Germany, which recruited healthy neonates born between November 1997 and January 1999. We included 1736 participants who had completed the 15‐year follow‐up from birth cohort and 84.6% (1468/1736) had clearly reported whether they have ever had hand eczema. All the data were based on questionnaires and blood tests (immunoglobulin E). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine endogenous and exogenous factors in relation to the lifetime prevalence of hand eczema among adolescents.ResultsOne thousand four hundred and sixty‐eight adolescents (715 girls, 48.7%) were included in the final analysis. The lifetime prevalence of hand eczema among adolescents at the age of 15 was 10.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.9%–12.1%), with a significantly higher lifetime prevalence among girls than boys (12.7% vs. 8.2%, P = 0.005). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated statistically significant associations between the lifetime prevalence of hand eczema and having ever been diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–2.8) or having ever had dry skin (aOR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.1), respectively. No statistically significant independent associations were found between asthma, hay fever, allergy‐related clinical symptoms, immunoglobulin E positivity and other exogenous factors in relation to hand eczema.ConclusionOur study fills a research gap on the epidemiological burden of hand eczema among adolescents. One out of ten ever suffered from hand eczema until age 15 years indicating that hand eczema constitutes a significant burden in paediatric populations. The role of atopic dermatitis in hand eczema reinforces previous findings. Exogenous risk factors warrant further investigation.
Effect of massage therapy with lavender oil on severity of restless legs syndrome and quality of life in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Döner Ayser , Taşcı Sultan 
Published: November 2021

AbstractPurposeThis study assessed the effects of massage therapy using 5% lavender oil on the severity of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and the quality of life (QoL) of patients on hemodialysis (HD).Design and methodsThis is a randomized placebo‐controlled study with a pretest–posttest design. This study was conducted from January 30, 2019, to May 6, 2019, at HD centers in Turkey, and it includes 58 participants—31 study patients and 27 controls. Data were collected using patient identification form, RLS severity rating scale, Kidney Disease Quality of Life Scale (KDQOLTM‐36) and patient follow‐up charts. As per the massage therapy protocol, the patients in the study and control groups received massage therapy with lavender oil and baby oil, respectively.FindingsRLS severity significantly decreased in all follow‐up weeks in the study group and in the first, second, and third follow‐up weeks in the control group. There were significant differences between the groups in terms of KDQOLTM‐36 subscales and total scores at the initial and final follow‐ups.ConclusionIn HD patients, massage with lavender oil lessened the severity of RLS and improved the QoL. Accordingly, this therapy can be recommended to HD patients.Clinical relevanceMassage therapy during HD sessions is easy, inexpensive, and patient‐friendly with no side effects. It is known to reduce symptoms and enable the patients to easily perform daily activities of living. Massage therapy with lavender oil is effective and can be easily applied to patients with RLS by nurses.Trial registrationThis study was registered under the Clinical Trials protocol registration system (NCT04630470) upon completion.
Identification of multinucleated cells in human kidney cortex: A way for tissue repairing?
Authors: Fantone Sonia , Tossetta Giovanni , Graciotti Laura , Galosi Andrea Benedetto , Skrami Edlira , Marzioni Daniela , Morroni Manrico 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe presence of multinucleated cells has never been demonstrated in renal tissue, although, polyploid cells were recently observed in the tubules of normal and pathological human kidney. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to identify and quantify, by electron microscopy, multinucleated cells in the cortical tissue of normal human kidney i.e., in the three compartments of renal tubule: the proximal tubule (PT), the distal tubule (DT), and the collecting duct (CD), as well as, in the glomerulus (podocytes). The percentage of the multinucleated cells observed was 5% (95%CI: 3.6%–6.7%) in renal cortical tubules with distribution in each tubular compartment of 6% in PT, 4% in DT and 3% in CD with no statistically significant difference in the distribution of multinucleated cells according to tubular compartments. Four percent of analysed podocytes (in total 149 podocytes) were multinucleated (95%CI: 1.5%−8.6%). In conclusion, multinucleated cells were identified and quantified in functionally normal kidneys, as previously demonstrated in other organs such as the liver.
A comparative perspective of local electoral management bodies in Latin America
Authors: Romero Ballivián Salvador 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThere are not many studies on subnational electoral bodies in Latin America, especially with a comparative approach. This article describes these bodies based on their main traits and presents the first hypotheses to explain their development or atrophy. It posits that the nations' geographic extension and the complexity of the different levels of government—federalism or significant levels of mid‐level autonomy—are associated with a greater degree of institutionalization, autonomy, and strength at the subnational electoral level, such that a smaller nation, or the absence of a mid‐level government, limits consolidation. The article uses a comparative approach.
Changes in therapeutic options for hepatocellular carcinoma in Asia
Authors: Ogasawara Sadahisa , Koroki Keisuke , Kanzaki Hiroaki , Kobayashi Kazufumi , Kiyono Soichiro , Nakamura Masato , Kanogawa Naoya , Saito Tomoko , Kondo Takayuki , Nakagawa Ryo , Nakamoto Shingo , Muroyama Ryosuke , Chiba Tetsuhiro , Kato Naoya 
Published: November 2021

AbstractThe incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is expected to increase, with most cases occurring in Asia. In some parts of Asia, the occurrence of HCC developing from metabolic‐related liver disease has markedly increased in recent years, whereas the occurrence of HCC developing from viral‐hepatitis–related liver disease has decreased. Advancements in the treatment of HCC over the past few decades has been remarkable, with most treatment strategies to remove or control liver tumours (hepatic resection, local ablation, radiation therapy, transarterial chemoembolisation, hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy) primarily developing in Asia. In addition, recent progress in systemic therapies has prolonged the prognosis of advanced HCC. Nowadays, six regimens of systemic therapies have become available in most countries, according to phase III trials (atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, cabozantinib and ramucirumab). In a global randomised phase III trial (IMbrave 150 trial), the most effective of the latest drug designs was newly emerged combination immunotherapy (atezolizumab plus bevacizumab), which has shown significantly prolonged overall survival compared with sorafenib, which was the first‐line systemic therapy for more than a decade. Now, the treatment dynamics for HCC are undergoing a major transition as a result of two important changes: the replacement of viral‐related HCC by metabolic‐related HCC and the emergence of combination immune therapy.
Complex basis of hybrid female sterility and Haldane's rule in Heliconius butterflies: Z‐linkage and epistasis
Authors: Rosser Neil , Edelman Nathaniel B. , Queste Lucie M. , Nelson Michaela , Seixas Fernando , Dasmahapatra Kanchon K. , Mallet James 
Published: November 2021

AbstractHybrids between species are often sterile or inviable. Hybrid unfitness usually evolves first in the heterogametic sex—a pattern known as Haldane's rule. The genetics of Haldane's rule have been extensively studied in species where the male is the heterogametic (XX/XY) sex, but its basis in taxa where the female is heterogametic (ZW/ZZ), such as Lepidoptera and birds, is largely unknown. Here, we analyse a new case of female hybrid sterility between geographic subspecies of Heliconius pardalinus. The two subspecies mate freely in captivity, but female F1 hybrids in both directions of cross are sterile. Sterility is due to arrested development of oocytes after they become differentiated from nurse cells, but before yolk deposition. We backcrossed fertile male F1 hybrids to parental females and mapped quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for female sterility. We also identified genes differentially expressed in the ovary as a function of oocyte development. The Z chromosome has a major effect, similar to the ‘large X effect’ in Drosophila, with strong epistatic interactions between loci at either end of the Z chromosome, and between the Z chromosome and autosomal loci on chromosomes 8 and 20. By intersecting the list of genes within these QTLs with those differentially expressed in sterile and fertile hybrids, we identified three candidate genes with relevant phenotypes. This study is the first to characterize hybrid sterility using genome mapping in the Lepidoptera and shows that it is produced by multiple complex epistatic interactions often involving the sex chromosome, as predicted by the dominance theory of Haldane's rule.
Calcium supplementation during pregnancy and maternal and offspring bone health: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Tihtonen Kati , Korhonen Päivi , Isojärvi Jaana , Ojala Riitta , Ashorn Ulla , Ashorn Per , Tammela Outi 
Published: November 2021

AbstractInsufficient calcium intake during pregnancy may lead to maternal bone resorption and lower bone density of offspring. We evaluated the impact of supplementary calcium with or without vitamin D during pregnancy on maternal and offspring bone mineral density (BMD) and teeth firmness of the offspring. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched systematically in 11 databases. Two researchers independently screened the titles and abstracts of 3555 records and the full texts of 31 records to examine eligibility. The search yielded seven RCTs (11 reports, n = 1566). No advantage of calcium supplementation was found on maternal BMD after delivery or during breastfeeding, or on offspring BMD, even when dietary calcium intake was low. The results were neither modified by the dose of calcium nor concomitant vitamin D administration. A suspicion of some long‐term harm of the intervention on maternal BMD and growth of female offspring was raised based on the data. One study suggested some benefit of high‐dose calcium supplementation on offspring teeth firmness at 12 years old. A low number of the studies and abundant missing data reduced the quality of the findings. The impact of calcium supplementation on maternal and offspring bone health was deemed unknown because of inconclusive research results.