bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra-Articular Bupivacaine Injection is An Ideal Method for Postoperative Pain Control in Children with Supracondylar Humeral Fracture
Authors: Wang Qian , Zhao Jingxin , Wang Yu , He Man 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: Supracondylar humeral fracture is the most common fracture in children. Currently there are a large number of studies on supracondylar humeral fractures addressing the epidemiology of supracondylar fractures, injury mechanisms, treatments and complications, however there are few studies on how to control the pain in children after fractures and operation. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the effectiveness of an intra-articular injection of 0.25% bupivacaine on pain control after CRPP of supracondylar humeral fractures in children. To our knowledge, this is the largest study on the use of an intra-articular injection for pain control after surgery for supracondylar humeral fractures.Methods: This clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular injection of 0.25% bupivacaine as a postoperative pain control in children with supracondylar humeral fractures who underwent closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP).Subjects (n = 120) were randomized to treatment with 0.25% bupivacaine (treatment group) (n = 60) or no injection (control group) (n =71). After surgery, all patients were prescribed Ibuprofen for analgesia. The Ibuprofen doses and the times of administration were recorded. The Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) scores were blindly recorded during postoperative day 1.Results: The results suggested that the use of intra-articular injection of 0.25% bupivacaine improved pain control and decreased the need for Ibuprofen on postoperative day 1. FPS-R scores were also significantly lower in the treatment group as compared with those of the control group. No intra-articular injection-associated complications were reported. Conclusion: Therefore, the intra-articular injection of bupivacaine significantly improves postoperative pain control following CRPP of supracondylar humeral fractures in children.
Characteristics of Transmission Radio Waves in Undulating Coal Seams and a Topographic Correction Method For Its Tomography
Authors: WU Rongxin , GU Huanqi , hu zean 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The transparency of coal seam working face is an important assurance for safe and accurate mining of coal mines. Mine geophysical prospecting is an important means for geological exploration of coal seam working faces, among which the mine radio wave tomography is one of the most common and effective methods. However, the undulating feature of the coal seam will greatly interfere the high-precision attenuation electromagnetic wave imaging. Through two-dimensional numerical simulation experiments, we identified that in a horizontal coal seam, the energy of penetrated radio wave showed an approximate linear attenuation law, while in an inclined coal seam, it showed a very different parabolic attenuation trend. To eliminate the influence of coal seam inclination on the accuracy of radio wave tomography, in this paper, we proposed a correction method for imaging undulating coal seams using radio wave tomography. Further, through three-dimensional numerical simulation experiments, we verified the validity and reliability of the correction method. Overall, both theoretical and numerical simulation experiments indicated that the method could basically eliminate the influence of coal seam inclination and improve the imaging accuracy.
HMGB1-induced NLRP3 Inflammasome Participating in Platelet Activation and Thrombocytopenia in Heatstroke
Authors: Yin Huimei , Wu Ming , Lu Yong , Wu Xinghui , Yu Baojun , Chen Ronglin , Lu Jiefu , Tong Huasheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Previous studies have suggested that NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome plays an important role in heat stroke (HS). As a common complication in HS, thrombocytopenia has been widely considered as a good predictor of HS-related mortality. However, little is known about the relationship between inflammasome and thrombocytopenia as well as platelet activation in HS. Methods: We established a rat HS model to investigate the roles of NLRP3 inflammasome in both platelet activation and thrombocytopenia, platelet activation was reflected with Flow cytometry while thrombocytopenia was measured by platelet count. The colocalization of NLRP3 inflammasome was detected by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using the molecular probes. Plasma HMGB1 levels were measured by ELISA.Results: Activation of the inflammasome was detected in platelet of rats in HS. Elevated ROS activated NLRP3 inflammasome in HS group could significantly induce platelet activation and thrombocytopenia. The upregulated P-selectin (CD62P ) and decreased platelet count triggered by NLRP3 inflammasome were attributed to the high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) in plasma. Moreover, inhibition of HMGB1, caspase-1, NLRP3, or ROS in rats with HS suppressed platelet activation and the decline of platelet count. Similar results were obtained when the receptor toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) / advanced glycation end product (RAGE) was blocked. Conclusions: This study indicated that platelets were activated by NLRP3 inflammasome through TLR4/RAGE/HMGB1 signaling pathway. The NLRP3 inflammasome might be the potential target for HS treatment.
Joint Effects of Heat Stress and PM2.5 Exposure on Glucose Metabolism and Hepatic Insulin Signaling
Authors: Gu Weijia , Cai Ziwei , Zhong Mianhua , Chen Lung-Chi , Zhang Lu , Lin Xiujuan , Chen Rucheng , Li Ran , Qin Li , Sun Qinghua , Liu Cuiqing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Heatwave events are occurring more frequently, accompanied by a significant increase in the ambient concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Epidemiological studies have suggested that heat stress or PM2.5 exposure would impair glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, but the combined effect and the exact mechanisms are not well understood.Methods: C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into filtered air (FA), fine particulate matter (PM) group, filtered air combined with heat stress (FH) group, and fine particulate matter combined with heat stress (PH) group for a 4-week PM2.5 exposure, followed by a 2-week heat stress exposure, via a whole-body exposure system. Systemic glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and circulating inflammatory cytokines were examined. HSP72 expression and insulin signaling in the liver were measured.Results: Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were impaired in response to heat stress, accompanied by lessened hepatic GLUT2 expression and inhibited insulin signaling pathway. No synergistic effects of heat stress and PM2.5 exposure on glucose homeostasis were observed, while heat-upregulated HSP72 expression was attenuated with accumulated TNF-α induced by further PM2.5 exposure.Conclusions: Heat stress combined with PM2.5 exposure induced TNF-α, which could inhibit heat-elevated hepatic HSP72 expression. Elevated circulating TNF-α impaired hepatic insulin signaling and GLUT2 expression. Then, glucose homeostasis was perturbed, and insulin action was impaired.
Attack rate and the price of SARS-CoV-2 herd immunity in Brazil
Authors: Filho Tarcisio Rocha , Mendes José , Chow Carson , Phillips James , Cordeiro Antônio , Scorza Fulvio , Almeida Antonio-Carlos , Moret Marcelo 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We introduce a compartmental model with age structure to study the dynamics of the SARS-COV−2 pandemic. The contagion matrix in the model is given by the product of a probability per contact with a contact matrix explicitly taking into account the contact structure among different age groups. The probability of contagion per contact is considered as time dependent to represent non-pharmaceutical interventions, and is fitted from the time series of deaths. The approach is used to study the evolution of the COVID−19 pandemic in the main Brazilian cities and compared to two good quality serological surveys. We also discuss with some detail the case of the city of Manaus which raised special attention due to a previous report of three-quarters attack rate by the end of 2020. We discuss estimates for Manaus and all Brazilian cities with a total population of more than one million. We also estimate the attack rate with respect to the total population, in each Brazilian state by January, 1 st 2021 and May, 23 2021.
A Stochastic Turbidostat Model With Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Process: Dynamics Analysis and Numerical Simulations
Authors: Jiang Daqing , Mu Xiaojie , Hayat Tasawar , Alsaedi Ahmed 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Many turbidostat models are affected by environmental noise due to various complicated and uncertain factors, and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process is a more effective and precise way. We formulate a stochastic turbidostat system incorporating Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process in this paper, develop dynamical behavior for the stochastic model, which include the existence and uniqueness of globally positive equilibrium, sufficient conditions of the extinction, the existence of a unique stationary distribution and an expression of density function of quasi-stationary distribution around the positive solution of the deterministic model. The results indicate that the weaker volatility intensity canensure the existence and uniqueness of stationary distribution, and the stronger reversion speed can lead to the extinction of microorganism. The validity of analytical results is verified through numerical simulation, which assess the influence of the reversion speed and the volatility intensity on the long-term behavior of microorganism.
Silencing Acetyl-CoA carboxylase A (ACACA) and Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein 1 (SREBP1) Genes Through RNAi Reduce Cholesterol Content in Serum and Eggs of Transgenic Chicken
Authors: Prasad Athe Rajendra , Bhattacharya Tarun , Chatterjee RN , Divya D , Bhanja SK , Shanmugam M , Sagar NG 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cholesterol is synthesized in chicken through de novo lipid biosynthetic pathway where two most important genes viz. SREBP1 and ACACA play immense role. To minimize cholesterol synthesis, RNAi approach was adopted and accordingly, we developed transgenic chicken possessing ACACA and SREBP1 shRNA constructs, which showed lower level of ACACA and SREBP1 in serum. The serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was significantly (P<0.05) lower by 26.8 and 31.3%, and 56.3 and 26.4%, respectively in ACACA and SREBP1 transgenic birds compared to the control. The egg total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol content was significantly (P<0.05) lower in both ACACA and SREBP1 transgenic birds by 14.3 and 13.2%, and 10.3 and 13.6%, respectively compared to the control. It is concluded that the protocol was perfected to develop transgenic chicken through RNAi for knocking down the expression of ACACA and SREBP1 proteins, which minimized the cholesterol and triglycerides contents in serum and eggs.
Two-Photon Interferences of Weak Coherent Lights
Authors: Kim Heonoh , Kwon Osung , Moon Han Seb 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Multiphoton interference is an important phenomenon in modern quantum mechanics and experimental quantum optics, and it is fundamental for the development of quantum information science and technologies. Over the last three decades, several theoretical and experimental studies have been performed to understand the essential principles underlying such interference and to explore potential applications. Recently, the two-photon interference (TPI) of phase-randomized weak coherent states has played a key role in the realization of long-distance quantum communication based on the use of classical light sources. In this context, we investigated TPI experiments with weak coherent pulses and quantitatively analyzed the results in terms of the single- and coincidence-counting rates and one- and two-photon interference-fringe shapes. We experimentally examined the Hong-Ou-Mandel-type TPI of phase-randomized weak coherent pulses to compare the TPI effect at the single-photon level with that of correlated photons. Further experiments were also performed with two temporally- and spatially separated weak coherent pulses. Although the observed interference results, including the results of visibility and fringe shape, can be suitably explained by classical intensity correlation, the physics underlying the TPI effect needs to be interpreted as the interference between the two-photon states at the single-photon level within the utilized interferometer. The results of this study can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the TPI of coherent light at the single-photon level.
Effect of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles on Plant Enzymatic Activities Under Drought
Authors: Jahantab Esfandiar , Farzadmehr Jalil , Abadi Nikoo , Yazdanshenas Habib 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the effect of metal oxide nanoparticles (MO NPs) on enzymatic activities (EAs) of two main plant life forms under drought stress (DS). Foliar spray of silver oxide (AgO), iron oxide (FeO), zinc oxide (ZnO) and cadmium oxide (CdO) at levels of 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg.L-1 were used on aerial parts of forb Sanguisorba officinalis L. and grass Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. under DS levels of 25-100% field capacity (FC). Glutathione reductase (GR), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured after two weeks of the experiment. The results indicate that the EAs changes varied depending on the plant life form, levels of DS, type and levels of NPs. Overall, application of 30- 60 mg.L-1 MO NPs under 25-50%FC significantly reduced EAs, especially in forb (P<0.001). Higher concentration of MO NPs significantly increase EAs. A decrease in CAT (20.90%, 18.80%), POD (21.30%, 17.67%) and SOD (23.14%, 16.88%) was observed under levels of 60 mg.l-1 of ZnO NPs under 25-50%FC in forb and grass, respectively. High concentration of CdO NPs (90-120 mg.l-1) caused by increase (max= 24.0%) in EAs in both life forms under 25%FC.
COVID-19 pandemic in India: Chronological comparison of the regional heterogeneity in the pandemic progression and gaps in mitigation strategies
Authors: Datta Satabdi , Chakroborty Neloy Kumar , Sharda Deepinder , Attri Komal , Choudhury Diptiman 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The second wave of COVID-19 exerted more catastrophe in India than the first. The progressions of both waves were heterogeneous in the six different regions involving 28 states and 8 union territories. An analysis of the temporal variations in new cases and fatalities in all the states of India was done for both the 1st (30th January 2020 to 31st January 2021) and 2nd wave (1st February 2021 to 29th May 2021), which showed that India accounted for over 16% and 9% of the cases and fatalities of the world respectively. The Southern and Western regions remained the top contributor of cases and fatalities in both waves. The state of Punjab and Maharashtra reported the highest CFR (3.24 and 2.5 respectively) in the country during the 1st wave, and in the second wave, Andaman & Nicobar Islands (2.6), and Punjab (2.25) reported the highest CFR. The states of Goa and Delhi showed the highest CCR and CDR during the 1st wave respectively, whereas Lakshadweep and Goa reported the highest CCR and CDR respectively in the 2nd wave. The study comprehends the severity of the second wave over all the states of the country and highlights the major hotspots regions and some gaps in mitigation strategies.
The Chaos of Triage: A Model for Early Exclusion of Cardiac Injury in Chest Gunshot Wound Patients
Authors: Fu Chih-Yuan , Bajani Francesco , Saadat Ghulam H , Kaminsky Matt , Dennis Andrew , Starr Fredric , Messer Thomas , Poulakidas Stathis , Bokhari Faran 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
IntroductionHeart injury caused by thoracic gunshot wounds (GSW) is especially life-threatening and require prompt diagnosis and treatment. Heart injury is especially life-threatening and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. During the pre-hospital phase and initial triage in the emergency department (ED), early recognition of a patient with heart GSW is difficult but important. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictability of heart injury in patients with chest GSWs. MethodsThe National Trauma Data Bank was queried for patients with chest GSW treated at all US trauma centres from July 1, 2009, to June 30, 2016. Patients with and without heart injuries (ICD-9: 861.00-03, 861.10-13) were compared and analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate independent factors of heart injury which could be obtained during the pre-hospital or triage phase only. Step-backward selection was used to establish a model for such patients. We used the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to test the accuracy of this model and Youden’s J statistic to find the cutoff value of sensitivity/specificity. Level 1 trauma registry data from Stroger Hospital of Cook County (July 1, 2016, to June 30, 2017) was used for external validation of this prediction model.Results47,044 patients with chest GSW were evaluated in the ED and 8.6% of them had heart injuries. The mortality rates of patients without cardiac injury versus those with cardiac injury were 9.0% (3864/42997) and 21.7% (879/4047) respectively. Patients with heart injuries were significantly younger (28.4 vs. 29.3, p<0.001), had lower SBP (34.7 vs. 103.8 mmHg, p<0.001), had lower GCS (5.1 vs. 11.2, p<0.001) and a higher probability of apnea (58.3% vs. 14.7%, p<0.001), higher rate of pulselessness (59.9% vs. 12.0%, p<0.001), and more self-inflicted injuries (9.7% vs. 8.5%, p<0.001) than patients without heart injuries. The cutoff values of SBP and GCS for prediction of heart injury were 61mmHg (AUC: 0.783) and 5.5 (AUC: 0.768) respectively. Integration of six independent factors (age, SBP, GCS, apnea, lack of pulse and suicide intent) with multivariate logistic regression showed an AUC: 0.823 and specificity of 88.8% in the heart injury prediction model. External validation with the local database showed 95.6% specificity.ConclusionEarly diagnosis of heart injury is important in the management of patients with chest GSWs. Our model has high specificity and can be beneficial for early triage of cardiac injury in patients with GSW to the chest.
Phase-encoded RF signal generation based on an integrated 49GHz micro-comb soliton crystal optical source
Authors: Moss David 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
We demonstrate photonic RF phase encoding based on an integrated micro-comb source. By assembling single-cycle Gaussian pulse replicas using a transversal filtering structure, phase encoded waveforms can be generated by programming the weights of the wavelength channels. This approach eliminates the need for RF signal generators for RF carrier generation or arbitrary waveform generators for phase encoded signal generation. A large number of wavelengths—up to 60—were provided by the microcomb source, yielding a high pulse compression ratio of 30. Reconfigurable phase encoding rates ranging from 2 to 6 Gb/s were achieved by adjusting the length of each phase code. This work demonstrates the significant potentials of this microcomb-based approach to achieve high-speed RF photonic phase encoding with low cost and footprint.
Investigation of time period of activity for on-demand classes among pharmacy students during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ikeda Tokunori , Horio Fukuko , Nakayama Yasumune , Uchida Yuji 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

The COVID-19 outbreak brought about major changes in the format in which university lectures were delivered in Japan. Most classes changed from face-to-face classes to remote education methods to prevent infection. This study investigated the relationship between lecture comprehension with on-demand classes and the use of time to complete lecture-related assignments during COVID-19.
Methods

The eligible participants were 139 third-year pharmacy students; they received seven pharmacotherapeutics lectures via on-demand classes from September to November 2020. We classified the participants into three groups according to the period between lecture upload to the submission of related assignments: submission on the day of upload (“early,” n = 42); the 2nd day to the day before the deadline (“intermediate,” n = 58); and on the deadline day (“late,” n = 39). In our analysis, we mainly used Spearman’s correlation coefficients to examine the correlations among end-of-semester examination scores, total assignment scores, and time of assignment submission.
Results

A strong positive correlation was evident between test scores and total assignment scores in the early group (r = 0.68, P < 0.001) and a weak correlation in the intermediate group (r = 0.27, P = 0.038), but there was no correlation in the late group. We observed a negative correlation between test scores and assignment submission time in the early group (r = − 0.59, P < 0.001) but not in the intermediate or late groups.
Conclusions

On-demand classes give university students the opportunity to choose when they wish to study. Remote education offers a certain amount of freedom and encourages students’ initiative; however, our results suggest that some students cannot make the best use of on-demand lecture characteristics and act appropriately. Therefore, while taking advantage of on-demand education during COVID-19, it is necessary to consider students’ use of time.
Awareness of prostate cancer and its associated factors among Ethiopian men, 2021: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Gebru Tilaye , Mekonen Hussen , Getahun Negalign Getahun 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is a common type of cancer in men worldwide. It is the world's second most diagnosed disease and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. In Ethiopia, it is the 3rd most common type of cancer. Awareness of Prostate cancer is key to early detection and prevention. The major risk factors for prostate cancer can be controlled by increasing public awareness. Objective: We aimed to describe what they knew about prostate cancer by asking questions about prostate cancer-related awareness and we also investigated possible relationships between the variables.Methods: In 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional study among a systematic sample of men attending the Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital in the Urology unit. We used a researcher-administered questionnaire to collect the data and Descriptive statistics and linear regressions were used for the analysis. The strength of the association between the variables was described using the unstandardized β with a 95% Confidence interval. Results: A total of 250 patients were approached with a response rate of 241(96.4%), with a mean score of awareness of prostate cancer risk factors of 41.2%, symptoms 43.8%, screening 44.7%, and prevention 49.5% respectively. Families with average monthly income >8900ETB (β=2.6, 95%CI:1.1-4.1, P=0.001), heard about prostate cancer (β=5.6, 95%CI:1.5-9.6, P=0.011), having a regular source of care every six months and above (β=4.3, 95%CI: 2.5-6.1, P<0.001), three times, admission history (β=5.4, 95%CI:1.3-9.5, P=0.009), and health care providers (β=10.7, 95%CI 6.6-14.8, P<0.001) as the major source of information followed by the media (β=9.6, 95%CI 5.4-13.8, P<0.001) were significantly associated with awareness of prostate cancer.Conclusion: Prostate cancer is one of the most important health-related problems among men worldwide. Therefore, a well-planned health education program should be implemented to address the observed awareness gaps.