bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Nodes on the Properties of Laminated Bamboo Lumber
Authors: Sulastiningsih I. M. , Ruhendi Surdiding , Massijaya Muh. Yusram , Darmawan I Wayan , Santoso Adi 
Published: February 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of node on the properties of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL) glued with water based polymer-isocyanate adhesive. Bamboo strips for LBL fabrication were prepared from andong bamboo (Gigantochloa pseudoarundinacea) collected from private gardens in West Java. Each bamboo strip has dimension of 40 cm x 2 cm x 0.5 cm. The bamboo strips were assigned into 3 groups by the node positions: without node, with node position of 10 cm from one end of the bamboo strip, and with node position in the centre of the bamboo strip. Prior LBL fabrication, the bamboo strips were treated by cold soaking in 7% boron solution for 2 h. The laboratory scale 3-layer laminated bamboo lumbers were manufactured with 5 different layer compositions: all layers made of bamboo strips without node, inner layer made of bamboo strips with nodes at 10 cm from one end of the strip, inner layer made of bamboo strips with nodes at the centre of the strip, all layers made of bamboo strips with nodes at 10 cm from one end of the strip, and all layers made of bamboo strips with nodes at the centre of the strip. The glue spread and cold pressing time applied were 250 g/m2 and 1 h, respectively.The results showed that the average density, moisture content, thickness swelling, bending strength and compression strength of laminated bamboo lumbers were 0.74 g/cm3, 11.3%, 2.9%, 1090 kg/cm2,and560 kg/ cm2, respectively. No delamination occurred in all samples, indicating high bonding quality. The average bonding strength (dry test) of laminated bamboo lumbers was 70.3 kg/cm2. Several properties of laminated bamboo lumber were not significantly affected by the present of nodes in the bamboo strips except the thickness swelling and compression strength.
Effects of Shelling Ratio and Particle Characteristic on Physical Properties of Three-Layered Particleboard Made from Different Wood Species
Authors: Rofii Muhammad Navis , Yumigeta Satomi , Suzuki Shigehiko , Prayitno Tibertius Agus 
Published: February 2021

Wood waste materials such as flakes, particles, sawdust, planer shaving, which are residues from furniture industry can be utilized to manufacture many composites such as particleboard. The most commonly used particleboard has three layers: two face layers and one core layer. The face layers consist of fine particles and the core layer is made of coarse particles.This study aimed to show the effect of shelling ratio and particle characteristic on physical properties of three-layer particleboard with high density core and different particles on surface layers. The materials used in this study were hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtusa) strand and knife-milled Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga manziesii) as surface layers and hammer-milled matoa (Pometia sp.) as core layer. The wood particles were collected from a wood company. Adhesive used was MDI resin (methylene diphenyl diisocyanate) with 6 % content in mat preparation. The pressing conditions were: temperature 180°C, pressure 3 MPa and pressing time 5 min. The target density was 0.72 g/cm3 with board size of 340 mm x 320 mm x 10 mm. Factors used in this study were layer structure according to board shelling ratio and particle characteristic. The parameters of this study were density, moisture content, thickness swelling, water absorption, linear expansion and vertical density profile.The results of this study indicate that all boards meet the requirements of JIS A 5908-2003. Higher shelling ratio of surface layers resulted in higher physical performance of three-layer particleboard. In terms of particle type, hinoki strands showed the best performance in board density and linear expansion, while Douglas-fir particle showed the best performance in moisture content, thickness swelling and water absorption. Improvement of physical properties of particleboard with high density wood particles in core layer can be conducted by adding surface layer with higher quality wood particles such as hinoki strands or Douglas-fir particles. Compared to Douglas-fir particles, hinoki strands as surface layers contribute to higher enhancement of three-layer particleboard with matoa as the core layer.
Removal of Arabinose Substituents from Corn Pericarp Arabinoxylan
Authors: Yoshida Tomoki , Dwianto Wahyu , Honda Yoichi , Uyama Hiroshi , Azuma Jun-ichi 
Published: February 2021

Partial acid hydrolysis of corn pericarp arabinoxylan (arabinose/xylose (A/X) ratio 0.35 and mean molecular weight of 53.6 × 103) was carried out at pH 1.0 for 1 ~ 6 h at 37 ~ 57 °C to remove arabinose substituents. The removal of arabinose could be described by regression analysis with the method of least squares. Following the regression profile, three kinds of desubstituted arabinoxylans having A/X ratios of 0.25, 0.12 and 0.03 with mean molecular weight values of 37.3 × 103, 15.6 × 103 and 7.2 × 103, respectively, could be prepared. All corn pericarp arabinoxylans were in the amorphous state and the film formability of the native state was lost after the partial acid hydrolysis.
Eco-friendly Board from Oil Palm Frond and Citric Acid
Authors: Syamani Firda Aulya , Munawar Sasa Sofyan 
Published: February 2021

The utilization of oil palm fronds as composite board raw material has developed due to the declining wood supply. Currently, citric acid is used as natural adhesive on the wood-based moldings to reduce the use formaldehyde-based resin. Citric acid has carboxylic acid functional group that can react with hydroxyl functional group from cellulose by esterification reaction. This paper explain the production of board from oil palm frond and citric acid, then elaborate their physical and mechanical properties. Oil palm fronds were processed with ring flaker to produce particles with 1 ~ 5 cm length. The particles were dried until the moisture content reached 6%. Citric acid solution was obtained by stirring 700 g citric acid in 1000 ml water. Citric acid solution were sprayed onto particles. The weight of citric acid were 10%, 15% and 20% based on oil palm fronds’ dry weight. Boards were produced with density target of 0.6 g/cm3 and pressure at 1N/mm2 for 10 min. The hot pressing temperatures were varied at 140ºC, 160ºC, 180ºC, and 200ºC. Physical and mechanical test were performed according to JIS A 5908-2003. The MOR, MOE, IB and SW values of boards with 15 wt% citric acid content and pressed at 200oC were 5.85 N/mm2, 1067.03 N/mm2, 0.26 N/mm2 and 88.80 N respectively. The optimum condition for board production obtained upon citric acid content and pressing temperature in a range of 15% ~ 20% and 180ºC ~ 200ºC, respectively.
Degradation Analysis on Manufacture of Cement-bonded Particleboard Using Supercritical CO2
Authors: Maail Rohny Setiawan 
Published: February 2021

This study analyzed the degradation process on manufacture of cement-bonded particleboard (CBP) using supercritical CO2. CBP with a target density of 1.2 g/cm3 was manufactured at a cement / wood particle / water weight ratio of 2.5:1.0:1.25. As references, neat cement board (NC) was manufactured at a cement / water weight ratio of 2.5:1.25, and Ca(OH)2 board was manufactured at a Ca(OH)2 / wood particle / water weight ratio of 3.0:1.0:1.5. Hand-formed mat of 230 x 230 mm was cold-pressed to a targeted thickness of 12 mm and kept in an oven set at 60ºC for 24 h. Four specimens of 50 x 210 mm prepared from these boards were then used for curing treatment. The three curing treatments were (1) supercritical CO2 treatments, 10 min to 10 days; (2) conventional curing treatment for 28 days (Conventional); and (3) neither curing nor supercritical CO2 treatment as the control. The chemical changes and the mineralogical composition of the curing and the degradation processes of the CBP were examined using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermal gravimetry (TGA-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation. Significant correlations were found between the supercritical CO2 treatment and mechanical properties during both the curing and degradation processes. Internal bond (IB) strength, modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) values of CBP achieved their maximums by supercritical CO2 treatment in 30 min. These conditions indicated that supercritical CO2 treatment accelerates the curing process rapidly and enhances the mechanical properties of the CBP. However, these values decreased in the treatments from 60 min to 10 days and had a negative effect on board performance, indicating that supercritical CO2 treatment over a longer time span leads to the degradation of the CBP. Furthermore, X-ray diffractometry (XRD), thermal gravimetry (TG-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation clarified that the mechanisms of the degradation are directly affected by the mineralogical composition of the system, in particular by the calcium carbonate content as caused by carbonation.
Wood Properties of 5-year-old Fast Grown Teak
Authors: Damayanti Ratih , Ozarska Barbara , Pandit I Ketut N. , Febrianto Fauzi , Pari Gustan 
Published: February 2021

Jati Unggul Nusantara (JUN) is one of fast growing plantation teak that has been widely cultivated in Indonesia. This teak has been developed to be harvested after 5 years when its diameter reaches 25-32 cm (diameter at breast high). The diameter of JUN is usually three times larger than the conventional plantation teak (teak cultivated from seed) at the same age, and the same as 30-40 year-old mature teak. Preliminary research was conducted to determine anatomical and selected physical properties of 5-year-old JUN teak, as well as its suitability for furniture production. The results revealed that wood color, texture, and grain pattern of JUN were slightly different from the mature conventional teak. The length of fiber cells was similar as in the mature teak. There were differences in ultramicroscopic structure of JUN: the mean micro fibril angle was narrower, and the crystallites degree was larger. Shrinkage values from green to 12% moisture content were: 0.70 (radial-R) and 1.62 (tangential-T), and from green to oven dry were 1.59 (R) and 3.29 (T). T/R ratio was 2.34. Specific gravity in air dry condition was 0.52. Based on the research results it appears that 5-year-old JUN may be suitable for the production of medium quality furniture products. More research is required to investigate and enhance the properties of JUN for high quality products.
Furfuryl Alcohol Treatment of Bamboo Betung (Dendrocalamus asper Backer ex K. Heyne) Strips
Authors: Krisdianto Krisdianto , Vinden Peter , Prezwloka Simon 
Published: February 2021

Based upon successful chemical modification of wood, bamboo strips were subjected to furfurylation treatment. Furfurylation in the mean of impregnating furfuryl alcohol to the bamboo and then heated at 100°C for 24 hours to produce solid polymeric resin. The success of furfurylation is assessed by uptake and the weight percentage gain of furfurylated bamboo strips. However, the treatability of dry bamboo strip is relatively poor. This paper studies the furfurylation process of bamboo betung (Dendrocalamus asper Backer ex K.Heyne) strips by soaking, vacuuming and the combinations thereof. Results showed that soaking bamboo strips for two days after vacuum treatment achieved optimum uptake of furfuryl alcohol solutions and gave rise to an 80% weight gain. Catalyst addition during furfurylation did not increase the weight percent gain. Water was an active solvent carrier for achieving higher weight gains
Wood Anatomy and Fibre Quality of the Least Known Timbers Belong to Actinidiaceae from Indonesia
Authors: Damayanti Ratih , Dewi Listya Mustika 
Published: February 2021

Wood anatomy of 417 genera and 86 families belong to the major, minor, and the lesser known timbers of South- East Asia have been studied and described in 3 volumes of PROSEA books. This paper deals with timber species of the least known timbers, which have not been treated in the above mentioned PROSEA books, i.e.: Saurauia bracteosa, S. capitulata., and S. nudiflora from family Actinidiaceae. The objective of this study was to acquire descriptions of their anatomical features and evaluate the quality of their fibres for pulp and paper manufacture. Samples were provided by Xylarium Bogoriense, which were collected from various forest areas in Indonesia. Microscopic features observed comprise all features those listed by IAWA Committee in 1989. Fibre quality was determined based on their dimension and evaluated according to quality classification developed by FPRDC Bogor. The results indicate that identification of timber up to genera level is possible. Fibres of Saurauia spp. fall into quality class I, which means good for pulp and paper. The descriptions of anatomical features were presented. Sauraria have bright color, light yellow to light brown, fine texture, light, smooth to rather rough surface, and make it suitable to substitute ramin (Gonystylus spp.)
The Effect of Traditional Fumigation on Physical, Mechanical and Anatomical Properties of Wooden Handicraft in West Kalimantan
Authors: Diba Farah , Sisillia Lolyta 
Published: February 2021

West Kalimantan wooden craft is internationally well known and its export is increasing. Currently, high durability and attractive color of wood material such as belian (Eusideroxylon zwageri Teysm & Binnend) is rarely available, then alternatively mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) and laban wood (Vitex pubescens Vahl.) are used for handicraft. Fumigation is one possible way to improve wood service life and color shades. This paper determines the impact of traditional fumigation on wood raw material on physical, mechanical and anatomical properties. The timber fumigation technique was conducted for one week, with curing time from early morning until late afternoon. After treatment, the physical, mechanical and anatomical properties of wood were evaluated. The different of color before and after treatment was measured by image processing scanner Canon P 145. Physical and mechanical properties refer to the British standard method. Result shows that fumigation improves the quality of wood, especially on color of wood. The wood became dark and more shining. It’s good for the handicraft materials. The quality of wood on moisture content value, both on mangium and laban wood was increased with average 30-50%. The average value of wood density of mangium wood after treatment with fumigation was 0.52, meanwhile laban wood was 0.55. The average value of radial shrinkage of mangium wood after fumigation treatment was 3.96% and tangential shrinkage was 6.34%. The average value of radial shrinkage of laban wood after fumigation was 6.43% and tangential shrinkage was 6.08%. The average value of hardness of mangium wood after fumigation treatment was 470.13 kg/cm2 and laban wood was 625.46 kg/cm2. The Fumigated wood color was darker and more attractive for decorative and craft products than non-fumigated wood. In general, this method could be used to preserve wood and to increase the physical performance of wood as raw material for handicraft.
Ethnopharmacological Study on Traditional Knowledge of Medicinal Plant Used from Secondary Forest in Community at Sekabuk Village, Mempawah District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Hashimoto Yui , Yusro Fathul , Mariani Yeni , Diba Farah , Ohtani Kazuhiro 
Published: February 2021

Study for local knowledge about ethnopharmacology especially medicinal plants used by the community is still limited. West Kalimantan possess a tropical rain forest with megabiodiversity. One of the areas where Malay and Dayak people use medicinal plants from the forest is Sekabuk village, Sadaniang Subdistrict, Mempawah District of West Kalimantan, Indonesia. This research has two objectives: first, to summarize the local knowledge of medicinal plants in the Sekabuk village, and second to identify the the mechanisms of shared on knowledge on used the medicinal plants on each ethnic. The research was conducted by in-depth interview and survey for 45 days in the village. The research programme consisted of interviews, plant observations, and a collection of medicinal plants from five different subdistricts sites i.e. Gelombang, Malangga, Pak Nungkat, Sekabuk, and Titi Dahan. The whole plants, part(s) used, and remedy formulations were elicited from healers and voucher specimens were collected for identification and stored at Forestry Faculty, Tanjungpura University. The results showed that there are 66 plants used for medicine. The family of plants consisted of Zingiberaceae, Lamiaceae abd Mrytaceae. The leaves were most frequently used (108), followed by roots (47), whole plant (21), top (6), stems and fruits (5), and sap (1). The methods for preparation and administration and the awareness of medicinal plants are different by ethnic groups and the living environments. The difference between the genders did not significant in terms of knowledge about medicinal plants. Meanwhile, A retention of traditional knowledge of medicinal plants was significant in rural of West Kalimantan. The plants used as medicine were clearly different by ethnic groups, Malay and Dayak. The living environments also affect the difference of used plants on basis of plants accesibility.
Phenol Contents and Antioxidant Activity of Sonokeling (Dalbergia latifolia Roxb) Wood
Authors: Masendra Masendra , Irawati Denny , Ridlo Alamratush Shoolichah , Lukmandaru Ganis 
Published: February 2021

Dalbergia latifolia or sonokeling is a native species of Java, Indonesia, used as an important wood for furniture and building materials, due to the high of durability and beautiful color. This study, therefore, aim to investigate the phenol composition, represented by total phenolic, flavonoid, and flavanol content, as well as antioxidant activity, conducted by DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method on Dalbergia latifolia wood. The sample was extracted using ethanol-toluene solvent in a Soxhlet apparatus, and subsequently subjected to column chromatography. This treatment yielded 12 fractions, which were then evaluated for phenol contents and antioxidant activity. The results showed a high antioxidant activity and total phenolic content in Fr.1- Fr.3, while latifolin was detected and characterized by GC-MS and a literature comparison. Therefore, it was established that the antioxidant activity of D. latifolia wood extractives properly correlated with the total phenolic, but not with the total flavonoid and flavanol contents.
Model Pembelajaran Two Stay Two Stray Tingkatkan Keterampilan Mengontruksi Teks Eksposisi
Authors: Murtanti Lis 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran dan hasil belajar mengontruksi teks eksposisi peserta didik kelas X TAV 2 SMK Negeri 3 Semarang tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Two Stay Two Stray. Penelitian ini berbentuk Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang menggunakan 2 siklus dengan empat proses yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Penilaian dalam menulis teks eksposisi mencakup isi, organisasi, kosa kata, penggunaan bahasa, dan mekanik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan peningkatan produk pada tahap pratindakan diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 63,80 menjadi 74,72 pada siklus I. Pada tahap II skor rata-rata menjadi 81,67 terjadi peningkatan sebesar 17,87.
Pengaruh Model TSTS Berbasis Media Qna Puzzle Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Tema 3 Subtema 2 Kelas III SDN Petompon 02 Semarang
Authors: Dewi Refine Dezan Aryono 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) berbasis media QnA Puzzle pada materi Tema 3 Sub tema 2 untuk siswa kelas III Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian quasi eksperimen dengan subjek siswa kelas III A sebagai kelas eksperimen yang diberikan pembelajaran Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) berbasis media QnA Puzzle dan kelas III B sebagai kelompok kontrol yang diberikan pembelajaran konvensional dengan media QnA Puzzle. Data diperoleh dari melalui tes dan dianalisis menggunakan uji U Mann Whitney. Data hasil belajar diperoleh melalui pretes dan postes dan dianalisis menggunakan uji U Mann Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model Two Stay Two Stray (TSTS) berbasis media QnA Puzzle berpengaruh positif terhadap hasil belajar tematik tema 3 subtema 2 untuk siswa kelas III SDN Petompon 02. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil uji U Mann Whitney dengan nilai signifikansi 0,037, rata-rata hasil belajar pada pembelajaran ini mencapai 84,03 yang secara signifikan lebih baik daripada pembelajaran langsung yang memiliki rata-rata 78,33. Perbedaan ini karena adanya proses pembelajaran yang bermakna, lebih mengaktifkan siswa dalam proses belajar, memiliki tanggungjawab untuk menyampaikan hasil diskusi maupun mencari informasi hasil diskusi dari kelompok lain dan menyampaikan kembali ke kelompoknya. Pembelajaran yang lebih menyenangkan mendorong siswa untuk aktif belajar sehingga berdampak pada perolehan hasil belajar yang lebih baik daripada pembelajaran langsung.
Keefektifan Model Pembelajaran Think Pair Share Terhadap Sikap Belajar dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Tema 2 Sub Tema 1 Sumber Energi Siswa Kelas IV SDN Kutosari Kabupaten Pekalongan
Authors: Muttaqin Muhammad Amirul Akrom 
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pembelajaran masih belum optimal karena pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru menonton dan kurang kreatif, sehingga siswa kurang aktif, cepat merasa bosan dan penggunaan media dan sumber belajar yang masih kurang. Data siswa diperoleh siswa yang ikut berpartisipasi aktif dalam pembelajaran hanya ada sebagian siswa saja. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: apakah model Pembelajaran TPS (Think Pair Share) efektif terhadap sikap belajar siswa pada tema 2, sub tema 1. Sumber Energi Siswa Kelas IV SDN Kutosari Kabupaten Pekalongan?, apakah model Pembelajaran TPS (Think Pair Share) efektif terhadap hasil belajar siswa pada tema 2, sub tema 1. Sumber Energi Siswa Kelas IV SDN Kutosari Kabupaten Pekalongan? Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen. Rencana penelitian dengan desain rancangan yang digunakan adalah One Group Pre Test and Post Test. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV SDN Kutosari Kabupaten Pekalongan. Teknik analisis data menggunakan t-test. Hasil penelitian diperoleh sikap belajar siswa pada kelas pre test diperoleh diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 67 dengan kriteria kurang. Sikap belajar siswa pada kelas post test diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 82 dengan kriteria baik. Hasil perhitungan uji t diperoleh thitung = 4,225. Dari daftar distribusi t dengan dk = n -1 = 20– 1 = 19 diperoleh 1,729. Karena 4,225 > 1,729 maka Ho ditolak, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada keefektifan Model Pembelajaran TPS (Think Pair Share) terhadap Sikap Belajar dan Hasil Belajar Siswa pada Tema 2, Sub Tema 1. Sumber Energi Siswa Kelas IV SDN Kutosari Kabupaten Pekalongan. Saran yang dapat dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini adalah guru dalam melaksanakan penilaian memperhatikan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share yang digunakan sehingga dapat meningkatkan sikap dan hasil belajar siswa.
APLIKASI PEMBUATAN FLIGHT PLAN (RENCANA PENERBANGAN) PADA BANDAR UDARA HALUOLEO KENDARI MENGGUNAKAN DELPHI 7.0
Authors: Budianto Jeryka Fahni , Gafrun Gafrun 
Published: February 2021

Judul penelitian adalah Aplikasi Pembuatan Flight Plan (Rencana Penerbangan) pada Bandar Udara Haluoleo Kendari. Flight Plan (Rencana Penerbangan) adalah data penerbangan yang harus diisi dan dikirim kebandara tujuan sebelum keberangkatan pesawat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan beberapa metode pendukung yang digunakan, yaitu metode perancangan sistem menggunakan metode Data Flow Diagram (DFD) dan metode perancangan database menggunakan metode Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) sedangkan bahasa pemrograman menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Delphi 7.0. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang dan membuat sebuah aplikasi yang dapat memudahkan dalam input data, rekap data dan mengirim data rencana penerbangan.