bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum microRNA Expression Profiling in Malaria Patients and Bioinformatic Analysis of Hsa-miR-106b-5p
Authors: Peng Jiacong , Peng Xiaohong , Wang Ying , Jiang Liping , Li Dayu , Teng Pingying 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
BackgroundMalaria, caused by Plasmodium, is one of the three major infectious diseases that se­riously endangers public health. Resistance to an­ti-malarial drugs and insecticides has made the prevention and control of malar­ia shown little improvement in the last four years. This study aimed to explore the changes in microRNA (miRNA) expression profiling of malaria patient and predict malaria-related miRNA by bioinformatics methods to provide theoretical basis for further verification of the correlation between specific miRNAs and immune regulation of malaria.MethodsSerum of patients infected by Plasmodium falciparum and healthy people from Myanmar border area was collected. miRNA expression profiling was obtained by RT-qPCR. Then the differentially expressed miRNA was screened and target genes were predicted by four miRNA databases (TargetScan, DIANA-microT, miRDB, and miRTarbase) and an intersection of target genes was obtained by Venn analysis. GO and KEGG analysis were performed for the overlapping target genes via Metascape. The results were further visualized by Cytoscape. Finally, Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of predicted overlapping target genes was built by STRING.ResultsAmong the 341 tested serum miRNAs, 64 were differentially expressed in malaria patients (P<0.05), 27 miRNAs were up-regulated and 37 miRNAs were down-regulated. The miRNA with the most significant difference was hsa-miR-106b-5p (FC=14.871, adjusted.P.value<0.01); GO and KEGG analysis found that its overlapping predicted target gene set was remarkably enriched in biological functions such as GO:0007264~small GTPase mediated signal transduction, GO:0051056~regulation of small GTPase mediated signal transduction, GO:0051020~GTPase binding, GO:0048514~blood vessel morphogenesis(P<0.01) and signal pathway such as hsa04144: Endocytosis, hsa01521:EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, hsa05212:Pancreatic cancer (P<0.01); Besides, a PPI network containing 39 predicted target genes of hsa-miR-106b-5p was constructed, and 5 hub genes VEGFA, STAT3, RACGAP1, OCRL, and RBBP7 have been selected.ConclusionThe bioinformatics analysis results indicated that hsa-miR-106b-5p has a great relationship with malaria, it plays a part in inhibiting the emergence of ARTs resistance in Plasmodium and tumor progression, which may be achieved by regulating vascular morphogenesis, endocytosis, and VEGFA. The underlying mechanism needs to be further elucidated. We believe that this finding will facilitate an in-depth research on the as­sociation between malaria and miRNA.
Nematicidal activities of aureothin and alloaureothin from endophytic bacteria, Streptomyces sp. AE170020, against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus
Authors: Kang Min-Kyoung , Kim Jong-Hoon , Liu Min-Jiao , Jin Chun-Zhi , Park Dong-Jin , Kim Junheon , Son Kwang-Hee , Kim Chang-Jin 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Endophytic bacteria, a rich source of bioactive secondary metabolites, are ideal candidates for environmentally benign agents. In this study, an endophytic strain, Streptomyces sp. AE170020, was isolated and selected for the purification of nematicidal substances based on its high nematicidal activity. Two highly active components, aureothin and alloaureothin, were identified, and their chemical structures were determined using spectroscopic analysis. Both compounds suppressed the growth, reproduction, and behavior of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. In in vivo experiments, the extracts of strain Streptomyces sp. AE170020 effectively suppressed the development of pine wilt disease in four-year-old plants of Pinus densiflora. The potency of secondary metabolites isolated from endophytic strains suggests applications in controlling Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and opens an avenue for further research on exploring bioactive substances against the pine wood nematode.
Scientometrics Analysis Method for Society 5.0
Authors: Gürsoy Sergen , Yağmur Ayten 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
It includes the systematic examination and mapping of the literature studies written for Society 5.0 using the CiteSpace application, with the scientometrics analysis method, the identification of the network of relations, and the discovery and intellectual analysis of their bibliographic contents. 151 bibliographic records from the Scopus database were analyzed between January 2017 and May 2021. Qualitative analysis of the obtained quantitative data based on the interpretative paradigm was made. Analysis of countries, intellectual analysis, keywords; burst point and cluster analyzes were performed. The case is gaining increasing importance in the multi-disciplinary field. Since the phenomenon of Society 5.0 is still current and concerns the future period, it is seen that it is a developing field in the literature. In the literature about this case; The fact that scientometrics studies and CiteSpace analysis have never been done has increased the originality of the study. It will be important for super-smart society goals to specialize in the fields studied and to increase the working tendencies in the fields that are lacking (sociology, psychology, gerentology, etc. social sciences).
Association Between Aflatoxin M1 Excretion in Milk and Indicators of Rumen Fermentation in Bovines
Authors: Thukral Hanul , Dhaka Pankaj , Bedi Jasbir Singh , Singh Randhir , Singh Gurpreet 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Aflatoxins and its metabolites negatively impact the ruminant health and production. The present cross-sectional study was aimed to determine the effect of aflatoxins on rumen fermentation by deducing the correlation between the Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) excretion in milk and indicators of rumen fermentation in bovines. The indicators of rumen fermentation were taken into account and correlated with AFM1 concentration in milk of respective 120 bovines [cattle (n = 82) and buffalo (n = 38)]. The AFM1 in milk samples (n = 120) was quantified by ELISA kit. The correlation analysis revealed that with increase in excretion of AFM1 in milk, the pH (r = 0.38), Methylene Blue Reduction Time (MBRT) (r = 0.43), Sedimentation Activity Time (SAT) (r = 0.31) and ammonia nitrogen content (r = 0.34) of rumen liquor increases; whereas, the Total Volatile Fatty Acids (TVFA’s) content (r=-0.25), Total Bacterial Count (TBC) (r=-0.43) and Total Protozoal Count (TPC) (r=-0.14) of rumen liquor decreases. The results of the present study suggest that the presence of aflatoxins in rumen could have negative effect on the process of rumen fermentation. Therefore, the prevention of primary entry point(s) of AFB1 through the feed of bovines is important for the animal as well as public health.
Improvement in the Prognosis of Esophageal Cancer Patients Treated by Surgery Alone (the Sweet Approach) in a High Volume Center Between 1970 and 2008 - A Retrospective Analysis of 5349 Cases
Authors: wen denggui , he ming , chen yuetong , li shumei , xu xiaoli , Shan Baoen 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds: Worldwide the largest number of esophageal cancer surgery is performed in China and left thoractomy with limited lymphadenectomy (the Sweet approach) used to be the main surgical procedure before 2010. However the prognosis associated with this procedure had improved or not remains unanswered, duo to frequent lost to follow-up of patients operated since 1990. Methods: Using data of 5349 patients treated by surgery alone (Sweet) in a high volume center in 26 years (for which lost to follow-up <10%), we analyzed 5-year survival rates according to 1970-1979, 1980-1989, 1990-1994, and 2008 in relation to clinicopathological characteristics and technique development.Results: Both the rate of postoperative complication and of 3-month mortality decreased significantly (11.4%, 9.7%, 8.9% , 5.2%, P<0.01; 6.0%, 5.4%, 3.3%, 3.1%, P<0.05), but the death rate of surgical complications remained unchanged (52.9%, 55.2%, 56.9% , 59.4%, P>0.38). The proportion of patients without lymph node metastasis increased significantly ( 30.9%, 31.0%, 35.5% to 52.9%, P<0.001). The 5-year survival rate increased significantly (32%, 35%, 38%, 43%, P<0.000) albeit a limited number of lymph node retrieved (median: 4.0, 4.0, 4.0, 5.0, P >0.18 ). Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified pTNM stage (P<0.001), postoperative complications (P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001), surgery year (P P<0.01), and age (P<0.05) as independent signiﬁcant prognostic factors.Conclusion: The prognosis of esophageal carcinoma patients treated by surgery alone (Sweet approach) had improved from 1970-2008. Our data suggests that this improvement is due mainly to early diagnosis and reduced postoperative complication by experienced hands at high volume centers.
Effect of pH and pH-shifting on Lignin, Lignin-protein Properties, and Lignin-protein Interactions
Authors: Pradyawong Sarocha , Shrestha Ruben , Li Ping , Sun Xiuzhi Susan , Wang Donghai 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Innovation of high-value added lignin derivatives has become a topic of interest, but lignin modification and utilization remain a challenge due to lignin’s complicated structure. In our previous study, we successfully improved water resistance and adhesion performance of soy protein adhesives using unmodified lignin. This study focuses on lignin modification as well as lignin-protein properties and interactions. Lignin modification was achieved by pH changes and pH-shifting. Cleavage of β-O-4 linkage was observed at pH 8.5 and pH 12, resulting in smaller particle sizes and changes in thermal properties. Partial repolymerization was found after pH-shifting treatments. Lignin increased the strength of protein films under high temperature and significantly enhanced the water resistance of soy protein at pH 12. Cross-linking of protein and lignin took place via carbonyl, amino, and hydroxyl groups. Multiple-point interactions between lignin and protein resulted in a stronger lignin-protein network. Additional lignin-protein complexes with high molecular weight were detected with an elevated lignin concentration at pH 8.5. The binding interaction between lignin and protein, although of non-specific nature, was also observed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Findings of this study contribute to the further development of green lignin-protein products.
A Negative Control Outcome Regression Accounting for Unobserved Confounding and Lagged Causal Effects
Authors: Li Hongkai , Yu Yuanyuan , Hou Lei , Sun Xiaoru , Liu Xinhui , Yang Fan , Yu Yifan , Wang Qing , Xue Fuzhong 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Background: Epidemiologists are increasingly interested in using negative controls to eliminate unobserved confounding. Particularly, difference-in-differences method, which uses pre-exposure outcomes as negative control outcomes, is widely used. However, it obtains biased estimations when pre-exposure outcome has lagged causal effect on post-exposure outcome.Methods: Taking advantage of pre-exposure outcomes as negative control outcomes, Negative Control Outcome Regression (NCOR) is proposed to eliminate unobserved confounding. The intercept term of NCOR provides an unbiased causal effect estimate of exposure on post-exposure outcome, and the slope minus 1 denotes the lagged causal effect estimation of pre-exposure outcome on post-exposure outcome. We then illustrate the potential of NCOR in a challenging application to estimate the causal association of PM₂.₅ on all-cause mortality rates (AMR) and lagged causal effect of pre AMR on post AMR.Results: Both theoretical justifications and simulation studies validate that the causal effect of exposure on outcome, along with the lagged causal effect of outcomes are identifiable and can be estimated by proposed NCOR model. The application results demonstrate that the previously estimated association between PM₂.₅ and AMR can be attributed to the unobserved confounding. Furthermore, the NCOR model reveal that pre AMR has no causal association with post AMR.Conclusion: The proposed NCOR model can obtain unbiased and robust causal effect estimation of exposure on outcome, and the lagged causal effect of outcomes. The proposed NCOR is implemented as an R package, called NCOR, and is freely available on GitHub.
Aberrant Temporal-Spatial Complexity of Intrinsic Fluctuations in Major Depression
Authors: Zheng Kaizhong , Li Baojuan , Lu Hongbing , Wang Huaning , Yan Baoyu , Friston Karl , Wu Yuxia , Liu Jian , Zhang Xi , Liu Mengwan , Li Liang , Chen Badong , Hu Dewen , Li Lingjiang 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggested that the brain is highly dynamic, thus investigation of brain dynamics especially in brain connectivity would provide crucial information that stationary functional connectivity could miss. This study investigated temporal expressions of spatial modes within the default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN) and cognitive control network (CCN) using a reliable data-driven co-activation pattern (CAP) analysis. We found reduced number of CAPs, as well as transitions between different CAPs of the DMN and CCN, in patients with MDD. These results suggested reduced variability and flexibility of these two brain networks in the patients. By contrast, we also found increased number of CAPs of the SN in the patients, indicating enhanced variability of the SN in individuals with MDD. In addition, the patients were characterized by prominent activation of mPFC and insula. More importantly, we showed that our findings were robust and reproducible with another independent data set. Our findings suggest that functional connectivity in the patients may not be simply attenuated or potentiated, but just alternating faster or slower among more complex patterns. The aberrant temporal-spatial complexity of intrinsic fluctuations reflects functional diaschisis of resting-state networks as characteristic of patients with MDD.
Development and Application of Novel InDel Markers in Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Through Whole-Genome Re-Sequencing
Authors: Jiang Hui , Pan Gen , Liu Touming , Chang Li , Huang Siqi , Tang Huijuan , Guo Yuan , Wu Yena , Tao Jie , Chen Anguo 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Flax is an important oil and fibre crop grown in Northern Europe, Canada, India, and China. The development of molecular markers has accelerated the process of flax molecular breeding and has improved yield and quality. Presently, simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the whole genome have been developed for flax. However, the development of flax insertion/deletion (InDel) markers has not been reported. A total of 17,110 InDel markers were identified by comparing whole-genome re-sequencing data of two accessions (87 − 3 and 84 − 3) with the flax reference genome. The length of InDels ranged from 1–277 bp, with 1–15 bp accounting for the highest rate (95.55%). The most common InDels were in the form of single nucleotide (8840), dinucleotide (3700), and trinucleotide (1349), and chromosome 2 (1505) showed the highest number of InDels among flax chromosomes, while chromosome 10 (913) presented with the lowest number. From 17,110 InDel markers, 90 primers that were evenly distributed in the flax genome were selected. Thirty-two pairs of polymorphic primers were detected in two flax accessions, and the polymorphism rate was 40.70%. Furthermore, genetic diversity analysis, population structure and principal component analyse (PCA) divided 69 flax accessions into two categories, namely oilseed flax and fibre flax using 32 pairs of polymorphic primers. Additionally, correlation analysis showed that InDel-26 and InDel-81 were associated with oil content traits, and two candidate genes (lus10031535 and lus10025284) tightly linked to InDel-26 or InDel-81, might be involved in flax lipid biosynthesis and lipid metabolism. This study is the first to develop InDel markers based on re-sequencing in flax and clustered the markers into two well-separated groups for oil and fibre. The results demonstrated that InDel markers developed herein could be used for flax germplasm identification, genetic diversity analysis, and molecular marker-assisted breeding.
Lengthening of Warm Periods Increased the Intensity of Warm-season Marine Heatwaves Over the Past Four Decades
Authors: Li Xinru , Donner Simon 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs), periods of anomalously warm sea surface temperature (SST) which can have significant impacts on marine ecosystems, have increased in frequency and severity over recent decades. Many coastal systems (e.g. coral reefs) are particularly vulnerable to warm-season heat stress when temperature can exceed organisms’ thermal thresholds and lead to mass mortality. While many studies have examined the change of the warm-season heat stress occurrence over time, e.g., for coral reefs, there has been less analysis of the thermal structure of heat stress events. Here we examined the trend in the characteristics of warm-season heat stress (referred to as warm-season MHWs) at the global-scale from 1985 to 2019, using multiple metrics for each of duration, peak intensity, accumulated heat stress, heating rates and level of intensity. The results showed that warm-season MHWs have become more frequent, longer-lasting, featured higher peak intensity and accumulated heat stress across most of the ocean over the past four decades. Furthermore, decomposition of the trends in warm-season MHWs structure showed that the increased accumulated heat stress was predominantly driven by the increased duration rather than the increased intensity, especially in the western and central equatorial Pacific. The results contribute to improving the understanding of warm-season MHWs, which may help inform the prediction of their impacts on marine ecosystems as well as marine conservation and management under climate change.
Physiological Exophoria Did Not Increase The Incidence of Myopia in Rural School Children in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Jui-Hung , Lai Li-Ju , Tung Tao-Hsin , Hsu Wei-Hsiu 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Purpose:This study evaluated the incidence rate and risk factors for developing myopia in elementary school students in Chiayi, Taiwan.Methods:This prospective cohort study comprised 1816 students without myopia (grades 1 to 5 in Chiayi County). The students underwent a noncycloplegic ocular alignment examinations using an autorefractometer and completed a questionnaires at baseline and at a 1-year follow-up. A univariate logistic regression was used to assess the effects of the categorical variables on new cases of myopia. A multinomial logistic regression was then conducted. A chi-squared test was used to compare new cases of myopia in terms of ocular alignment. A Cox hazard ratio model was then used to validate factors associated with changes in ocular alignment. A P value of <.05 was considered significant.Results: In 370 participants with new cases of myopia out of 1816 participants, a spherical error of −1.51 ± 0.6 diopters was noted at follow-up. The baseline ocular alignment was not a significant risk factor for developing myopia (exophoria vs orthophoria: OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.97-1.62; other vs. orthophoria: OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.73-1.82). However, new cases of myopia (HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.14-1.61), and baseline ocular alignment (exophoria vs orthophoria: HR 3.76, 95% CI 3.20-4.42; other vs orthophoria: HR 3.02, 95% CI 2.05-4.45) were associated with exophoria at follow-up.Conclusions: This study provided epidemiological data on the incidence of myopia in elementary school students in Chiayi, Taiwan. It also demonstrated that physiological exophoria does not predispose patients to developing myopia.
The Role of Cu1-O3 Species in Single-Atom Cu Catalyst for Directional Methanol Synthesis from CO2 Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhao Huibo , Yu Ruofan , Ma Sicong , Chen Yang , Xu Kaizhuang , Fang Yuan , Zhu Caixia , Liu Xiaochen , Tang Yu , Wu LiZhi , Wu Yingquan , Jiang Qike , He Peng , Liu Zhipan , Tan Li 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Cu-based catalysts have attracted much interest in CO2 hydrogenation to methanol because of their high activity. However, the effect of interface, coordination structure, particle size and other underlying factors existed in heterogeneous catalysts render to complex active sites on its surface, therefore it is difficult to study the real active sites for methanol synthesis. Here, we report a novel Cu-based catalyst with isolated Cu active sites (Cu1-O3 units) for highly selective hydrogenating CO2 to methanol at low temperature (100% selectivity for methanol at 180 oC). Experimental and theoretical results reveal that the single-atom Cu-Zr catalyst with Cu1-O3 units is only contributed to synthesize methanol at 180 oC, but the Cu clusters or nanoparticles with Cu-Cu or Cu-O-Cu active sites will promote the process of reverse water gas shift (RWGS) side reaction to form undesirable byproducts CO. Furthermore, the Cu1-O3 units with tetrahedral structure could gradually migrate to the catalyst surface for accelerating CO2 hydrogenation reaction during catalytic process. The high activity isolated Cu-based catalyst with legible structure will be helpful to understand the real active sites of Cu-based catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation, thereby guiding further design the Cu catalyst with high performance to meet the industrial demand, at the same time as extending the horizontal of single atom catalyst for application in the thermal catalytic process of CO2 hydrogenation.
The influence of changes in Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) on Land Surface Temperature in Ramanathapuram coast and Assessment of Urban Heat Island, using remote sensing and GIS
Authors: Balsubramanian Gurugnanam , Pereira Glitson Francis , Swaminathan Bairavi , Goswami Santonu , Choudhury Saroj B 
Published: July 2021

Abstract
Due to marine and terrestrial processes, the land use/land cover features of the Ramanathapuram coastal area noticed dynamic changes. Sometimes the anthropogenic activities and nature also governed such changes. Landuse/Landcover analysis is an essential parameter for the climate change studies in coastal region. Similarly, the analysis of land surface temperature (LST) and the severity of Urban heat island (UHI) also factored for assessing its influence on climate changes. In this study, Remote sensed Landsat satellite data from 2000 to 2020 is very well used to identify the relation between LULC and LST. Advance tools in GIS (Geographic Information Systems) softwares is used to integrate the results. The findings strongly indicate that the built-up area is increasing every year. In the year 2000, the build-ups are noted with 8km2, and it was increased to 44 km2 in 2020. In addition, the LST of the year 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 radiates a maximum temperature of about 30oC, 29oC, 30oC, 30oC, and 27oC, respectively. The highest radiance temperature is observed in barren land; the UHI analysis also points towards increased urban activities. The temperature is comparatively high in an urbanised area, and its UHI values range from very Strong to moderate heat island.