bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Réflexions autour d’actions de chercheurs d’une université, pour favoriser l’inclusion au sein de leur communauté
Authors: Albert Marie-Noëlle , Lazzari Dodeler Nadia 
Published: February 2021

L’Université du Québec à Rimouski est située au sein d’une région éloignée des grands centres urbains. Lors du recensement de 2012, seul 1 % de la population de cette région n’était pas née au Canada. L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre comment des professeurs agissent, en tant que personnes, pour favoriser l’inclusion d’immigrants au sein de cette région périphérique. À l’aide d’une autopraxéographie, il présente trois expériences engageant ces chercheures au sein de la communauté. Elles concernent l’implication en direction des étudiants internationaux, celle au sein d’une association ayant pour mandat l’accueil et l’inclusion des personnes immigrantes et réfugiées et de recherches et d’actions auprès d’employeurs. Ainsi, l’analyse de ces expériences a montré à la fois l’importance de la volonté de personnes de s’impliquer auprès de personnes vulnérables, l’aspect périphérique et homogène de la région dans laquelle se situe l’université, et le contexte de rareté de main d’œuvre.
L’espace sémantique du Dictionnaire électronique des synonymes ( DES ) et les méthodes de regroupement de sens : l’exemple de sec
Authors: Chardon Laurette 
Published: February 2021

Le Dictionnaire électronique des synonymes ( DES ) du laboratoire CRISCO (Centre de recherches inter-langues sur la signification en contexte) de l’université de Caen a été initié dans les années 1990. Il a été créé à partir de sept dictionnaires et régulièrement enrichi (semi-manuellement) depuis : il contient à ce jour 50 000 entrées et 209 000 liaisons synonymiques. Le projet de recherche à l’origine de cet outil se fonde sur les cliques et la notion d’espace sémantique. Nous nous proposons dans cet article d’approfondir à l’aide de l’adjectif sec cette notion d’espace sémantique au travers de différentes méthodes de regroupement que nous comparerons entre elles et à la méthode actuelle en ligne. Nous terminerons en exposant des pistes d’améliorations pour nettoyer ou corriger les données de départ de façon à permettre que l’espace sémantique devienne un outil utile pour comprendre la polysémie du lexique du français contemporain pour tous les utilisateurs du DES .
Undergraduate Dermatology Curriculum: Perspectives of General Practitioners from Western India
Authors: Thakkar S. H. , Chavda P. D. , Mehta K. G. , Shringarpure K. 
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Curriculum revision starts with gathering perspectives of different stakeholders including practicing doctors. It is important to take especially General Practitioners’ (GPs) perspective while revising dermatology curriculum. Methods: This cross-sectional needs assessment study was done among 61 purposively selected allopathic GPs working in rural and urban areas of a district located in western India. We used a validated semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. Quantitative findings are presented using proportions and narrative responses were analyzed by qualitative content analysis. Results: The GPs recommended using a combination of theory lectures and clinical postings for dermatology teaching. 36 (59%) participants suggested multiple clinical postings, 52 (85%) recommended a four to eight weeks clinical posting and all suggested to make the internship posting mandatory in dermatology. They recommended outdoor patient exposure (93%), case demonstration (56%), and case presentation (51%) as educational methods. 43 (70%) and 32 (52%) participants recommended Image Based Assessment and spot cases respectively as preferred method of assessment. 40 (66%) practitioners suggested 10-20% weight-age of dermatology in summative assessment. They recommended that the syllabus should give more weight-age to the common dermatological problems and cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Discussion: The practitioners suggested that the duration of the dermatology teaching should be increased looking at the quantum of the skin patients in general practitioner’s outdoor patient department (OPD). They suggested an adequately long duration for posting in which a complete follow up care can be demonstrated to students on same patient. They recommended use of visual tools for teaching and assessment in dermatology.
Optical coherence tomography findings in toxoplasma retinochoroiditis
Authors: Adıyeke Seda Karaca , Uzakgider Neslisah Kutlu , Doğan Sıla , Aytogan Hasan , Aras Buket , Ture Gamze , Talay Ekrem 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate the optic coherence tomography (OCT) findings in patients with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis (TRC).

Methods:
A total of 12 eyes of 12 patients with active TRC were included in the study. At baseline, at the first-month follow-up, at the sixth-month follow-up and at the 1-year follow-up, the TRC lesion OCT and macula OCT were evaluated.

Results:
Hyperreflectivity of the inner retinal layers and an increase in retinal thickness were observed on the OCT examinations of all the patients with an active TRC lesion. The retinal thickness decreased and the reflectivity of retinal layers was disorganized in the OCT images obtained in the follow-up period. Partial posterior hyaloid detachment (PHD) and no PHD were detected in 11 cases and 1 case, respectively. Epiretinal membrane (ERM) had developed in the adjacent region of the scar in 7 patients. With the regression of the lesion, the disruption of the ellipsoid zone (EZ), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and external limiting membrane (ELM) improved in the adjacent areas. In all the eyes, ERM and the PHD configuration did progress during the follow-up period. Vitreoschisis was found in 4 of the 11 patients with partial PHD. It was observed that ERM developed in all the patients with vitreoschisis.

Conclusion:
ERM and partial PHD were common in the TRC patients, and there was no progression during the follow-up period. Regeneration of the EZ, RPE and ELM was observed in the follow-up period.
Effect of dexmedetomidine on intraocular pressure as an additive in peribulbar block during glaucoma surgery
Authors: Pegu Julie , Purang Amit Kumar , Dubey Suneeta , Gautam Preety , Garg Ritu , Gandhi Monica , Bhoot Madhu , Dutta Parul , Laikhuram Rigalla 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine on intraocular pressure (IOP) as an additive in peribulbar injections in glaucoma surgeries.

Methods:
A prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel assignment interventional study was conducted for patients undergoing glaucoma surgeries at a tertiary eye care hospital in North India. Patients were randomized to two groups, Dexmed group and Placebo group. In the Dexmed group, dexmedetomidine (0.4 μg/kg body weight) was given as an additive along with peribulbar block. The primary outcome was change in IOP pre- and postperibulbar injections (IOP before the block, and after 5 and 15 min of the block). Secondary outcome measures were onset of block, adverse effects (bradycardia, hypotension, respiratory depression, and level 4 sedation), and surgeon satisfaction.

Results:
A total of 104 patients were randomized, 52 each in the Dexmed group and Placebo group. The percentage decrease in IOP was significantly more in the Dexmed group than in the Placebo group both at 5 and 15 min' post block (P < 0.05). At 5 min, the mean percent decrease in IOP in Dexmed group was -10.48, whereas it was 2.85 in the Placebo group. At 15 min, the mean percent decrease in IOP was -22.59 and -9.42 in the Dexmed and Placebo group, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the onset of block and adverse effects. Surgeon satisfaction was significantly greater in the Dexmed group than the Placebo group (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Dexmedetomidine lowers IOP significantly in patients undergoing glaucoma surgeries with safe hemodynamic changes and sedative effect.
Comparison of video-based observation and direct observation for assessing the operative performance of residents undergoing phacoemulsification training
Authors: Ghiasian Leila , Hadavandkhani Ali , Abdolalizadeh Parya , Janani Leila , Es'haghi Acieh 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
To compare the video observation of procedural skills (VOPS) method with the direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) method in the assessment of senior residents' performance utilizing the International Council of Ophthalmology's Ophthalmology Surgical Competency Assessment Rubric for phacoemulsification (ICO-OSCAR; phaco).

Methods:
This is a prospective comparative study conducted at a university-affiliated hospital. Six ophthalmology residents of postgraduate year 4 participated. Their performance in phacoemulsification was rated via DOPS and later in a masked manner through VOPS by a single faculty assessor.

Results:
Seventy-one surgeries were evaluated. There were no statistically significant differences between the scores of VOPS and DOPS regarding all ICO-OSCAR indices except “instrument insertion into the eye” in which DOPS had higher scores (P = 0.035). A significant correlation was observed in total scores of “task-specific” (r = 0.64, P < 0.001) and “global” (r = 0.38, P = 0.003) indices between VOPS and DOPS while some subscales did not show a correlation between the two methods of assessment. The Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that nearly all data points of total “task-specific” and “global” scores fell within the 95% limits of agreement ([-5.84, 6.87] and [-4.78, 4.86], respectively).

Conclusion:
This study demonstrated that VOPS holds promise for a general rating of residents' performance.
Effect of induced anisometropia on stereopsis and surgical tasks in a simulated environment
Authors: Singh Pallavi , Bergaal Sitesh Kumar , Sharma Pradeep , Agarwal Tushar , Saxena Rohit , Phuljhele Swati 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
To quantitatively correlate the loss of stereopsis by induced anisometropia with its effect on tasks that require binocular vision and stereopsis, such as ophthalmic surgery in a simulated environment.

Methods:
Thirty-nine ophthalmic residents with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 or better OU, with normal binocular vision and stereopsis, were recruited for the study. Anisometropia was induced using spherical and cylindrical trial lenses from +1D to +5D in a trial frame. The residents performed an anterior chamber navigation exercise on the EYESi simulator and the surgical score at baseline and for each level of induced anisometropia was noted. Near stereopsis was assessed by the Randot test and TNO test at baseline and for each level of induced anisometropia.

Results:
Stereoacuity on the Randot test and TNO test were 30 (95% CI, 25.9–34.1) and 44.4 (95% CI, 28.5–60.3) arcseconds, respectively which reduced to 65.5 (95% CI, 48.7–82.3) and 75.9 (95% CI, 15.5–136.3) arcseconds at anisometropia of +1D Sph (P < 0.001) and 380 (95% CI, 309.9–450.1) and 1922.1 (95% CI, 1582.5–2261.7) arcseconds for +5D Sph, respectively for the two tests, (P < 0.001). The corresponding surgical score reduced from 93.8 (95% CI, 91.1–96.7) to 87.5 (95% CI, 79.2–95.8, P < 0.001) for 1 DSph and 55.97 (95% CI, 38.3–73.7, P < 0.001) for 5DSph. There was a strong negative correlation between stereopsis scores and surgical task scores (Spearman's rho -0.86, P value <0.001) Similar changes were seen for anisometropia induced with cylindrical powers.

Conclusion:
Induced anisometropia is associated with a significant diminution in surgical task scores in a simulated environment and this is correlated with the deterioration in stereoacuity. Assessment of stereopsis may be included as a regular part of the screening procedure for ophthalmic trainee residents.
Impact of nationwide COVID-19 lockdown on keratoplasty and eye banking in India
Authors: Roy Aravind , Chaurasia Sunita , Fernandes Merle , Das Sujata 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on keratoplasty and Eye Banking in India.

Methods:
An e-mail survey was conducted among cornea surgeons and eye bankers of India. Participants were asked to report their practice patterns for the management of corneal perforation during lockdown, different preservative media used during and before lockdown, and waiting time and waiting time before COVID-19 lockdown.

Results:
Eight of 20 eye banks did not collect corneal tissue during April–June 2020; in contrast, 9 eye banks used to collect around 100 corneas per month during pre-COVID-19 time. Two-third of the surgeons (66.1%, n = 41/62) did not perform any corneal tissue transplant between April and June 2020. Cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive application was the most commonly, performed procedure (79%, n = 49/62) for tectonic purpose during this period. Glycerol was the most preferred alternative preservation method considered by both the groups. More than half of the surgeons (64.5%, n = 40/62) had an average waiting time of <1 week for scheduling patients for keratoplasty in pre-COVID-19 period.

Conclusion:
There is was a significant drop in both corneal tissue retrieval and utilization during during COVID-19 lockdown. There was a felt need for an alternate long term storage media.
Tele-rehabilitation for visually challenged students during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Senjam Suraj Singh , Manna Souvik , Vashist Praveen , Gupta Vivek , Varughese Sara , Tandon Radhika 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
The COVID-19 outbreak poses a global crisis in health care delivery system, including habilitation and rehabilitation services. In this study, we shared our experiences on telerehabilitation services established primarily for students with visual disabilities (SwVD) amidst COVID-19 pandemic and its outputs.

Methods:
Following the lockdown declared on March 23, 2020, the rehabilitative team of a tertiary eye center in north India received information that many visually challenged students (VCS) were stranded in schools for the blind in Delhi, and feeling with anxiety and panic in absence of teachers. Shortly, the room for vision rehabilitation clinic was set-up for telefacilities. The intended services were explained while disseminating the mobile numbers. A semi-structured questionnaire consisting of closed and open-ended was developed to record COVID-19 knowledge and concerns. Inductive content analysis was used to report the qualitative information.

Results:
As of June 30, 2020, a total of 492 clients contacted the team, with maximum from Delhi (41.5%), and predominantly males (78.8%). Around 80.3% of callers were VCS with age range of 11 to 30 years. The two most frequently encountered health needs were itching in eyes (36.1%) and headache (29%). Television news was the most used medium among callers to get COVID-19 information. Cough is a less frequently known mode of transmission (28%), similarly handwashing as a less known for prevention (17.2%). Eight concerns were recorded based on qualitative data analysis.

Conclusion:
Telerehabilitation provides valuable insights and has the potential to address various concerns, uncertainty, anxiety, and fear among VCS during the pandemic.
Dietary associations with diabetic retinopathy—A cohort study
Authors: Kadri Rajani , Vishwanath Prithvi , Parameshwar Devika , Hegde Sudhir , Kudva Ajay A 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
To assess the role of dietary factors in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetics.

Methods:
This prospective study was carried out on patients attending the outpatient department of ophthalmology for a period of 1 year. An interview-based 24-hour diet recall was used to document average daily dietary nutrient intakes. Each patient was subjected to a comprehensive ocular examination to look for DR.

Results:
A total of 261 patients attending the outpatient department of ophthalmology were the participants for this study. The mean (±SD) age of the participants was 57.73 ± 11.29 years, and 67% were men. One hundred and six participants had DR. Univariate analysis revealed sex, duration, fish (times/week), egg (yes/no), rice lunch (yes/no), rice dinner, rice (boiled/white), and total calorie intake to be associated with DR (P < 0.05). Logistic regression multivariable analysis revealed males (OR: 3.20, 95% CI: 1.65–6.19), longer duration of diabetes (OR:1.05,95% CI:1.01-1.11), antioxidant intake (OR: 3.42, 95% CI: 1.65–7.05), and consumption of rice (OR: 3.19, 95% CI: 1.17–8.69) to have significant association with DR (P < 0.05), with the odds of developing DR increasing three times in these patients. The odds of developing DR were lesser with more frequent (>2 times/week) fish consumption (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18–0.94) and in patients on pharmacological treatment for diabetes mellitus (OR: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.04–0.58). Binary logistic regression revealed chapathi consumption (OR: 9.37, 95% CI: 1.64–53.68) to be associated with severe forms and fish consumption (OR: 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–1.06) (P < 0.05) to be associated with less severe forms of DR.

Conclusion:
Males, longer duration of diabetes, antioxidant intake, fish consumption, and consumption of rice were associated with the occurrence of DR. Participants with diabetes who consumed fish more frequently and those who were on pharmacological treatment for diabetes mellitus had a significantly lower risk of DR and frequent fish consumption could reduce the risk of DR progression.
Impact of treatment of diabetic macular edema on visual impairment in people with diabetes mellitus in India
Authors: Kulkarni Sucheta , Ramachandran Rajalakshmi , Sivaprasad Sobha , Rani Padmaja Kumari , Behera Umesh C , Vignesh T P , Chawla Gajendra , Agarwal Manisha , Mani Sheena Liz , Ramasamy Kim , Raman Rajiv 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to report visual and anatomical outcomes following treatment for diabetic macular edema (DME) in clinical practice in India.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review of patients with DME who were initiated on treatment and followed up for at least 1 year at 9 tertiary eye care centers during 2016–2017 was performed. Data on demographics, systemic illnesses, visual acuity and anatomical characteristics of DME, treatment history were collated and analyzed for change in visual acuity level and central macular thickness at 1 year.

Results:
A total 1853 patients were diagnosed with treatable DME during study period, 1315 patients were treated and 556 patients (1019 eyes) followed up at one year. Although patients achieved significantly better anatomical outcome (central macular thickness of <300μ in 32.3% at baseline compared to 60.7% at 1 year, P < 0.001), visual impairment due to DME did not differ from baseline (mild visual impairment in 53.2% at baseline compared to 56% at 1 year, P = 0.7). Cystoid type of DME was the most common phenotype (432/1019, 42.4%) followed by spongy type (325, 31.9%) and cystoid plus spongy type (138, 13.5%). Bevacizumab monotherapy was the most common (388/1019, 38.1%) treatment followed by combination therapy (359, 35.2%). Mean number of anti-VEGF injections received per eye in a year was 2.1 (SD ± 0.9).

Conclusion:
Only about a third of treated DME patients complete one year follow up in India. Most patients receive suboptimal number of treatments. Treated DME cases largely show better anatomical outcome but not a better functional outcome.
Characterization of age-related macular degeneration in Indian donor eyes
Authors: Soundara Pandi Sudha Priya , Rajendran Anand , Radha Krishnan Santhi , Anto Minu Jenifer , Gardiner Tom , Chakravarthy Usha , Veerappan Muthukkaruppan 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to test the reliability of fundus stereomicroscopy in postmortem eyes to assign severity of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using the Minnesota grading and confirmation by histology using Alabama and Sarks grading scales and to assess the incidence of AMD pathology in donor eyes from a South Indian population.

Methods:
Eyes (199) from 153 donors (55–95 years) after obtaining fundus images were processed for histology. Fundus images were graded according to the Minnesota grading system based on drusen size, area of depigmentation, and atrophy. At least one eye from each donor displaying the AMD phenotypes were subjected to histological examination. The fundus grading was correlated with histology and the stages of AMD assigned for early AMD by the Alabama AMD grading system and for both early and advanced AMD by the Sarks classification.

Results:
Stereoscopic examination of the fundus found that 10 of the 153 donors had features of early AMD and 3 advanced AMD. Following histological examination, one of the early AMD eyes was reclassified as advanced AMD. Early AMD features that were observed on histology included soft drusen (>63 μm), basal laminar deposits, photoreceptor outer segment degeneration, disorganization of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch's membrane thickening. Advanced AMD features observed in histology are extensive atrophy of RPE, choroidal neovascularization and disciform scar formation.

Conclusion:
Identification of either early or advanced AMD using stereomicroscopic assessment (SMA) showed high sensitivity and specificity. However, misclassification between AMD stages can occur when only SMA is used.
COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown
Authors: Rehman Obaidur , Ichhpujani Parul , Nayyar Shifali , Kumar Suresh 
Published: February 2021

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changing trends in terms of patient load, presenting complaints, surgical procedures and resource utilization in a multispeciality tertiary care hospital after lockdown due to COVID-19.

Methods:
Retrospective data were collected from Ophthalmology in-patient and emergency services of a government medical college and multispecialty tertiary care hospital in North India. Data pertaining to patient census, presenting complaints, surgical procedures and resource consumption were compared in the 6-month period (March 25 to September 30, 2020) following national lockdown and subsequent gradual unlock to data of same time period last year.

Results:
A total of 1152 new patients visited Ophthalmology emergency service, whereas 324 sought tele-ophthalmology consultation. Majority were males (61.8%, n = 712), whereas average age of presentation was 34 ± 7.2 years. The number of patients seeking emergency ophthalmic care reduced by 23.9% in the current year, in-patient record reduced by 96.53% and number of surgeries reduced by 98.13%. Tele-ophthalmology services comprised 21.95% of the total patient load. Use of triple layered surgical masks increased by 85.7%, use of disposable gloves increased by 89.5% but interestingly the availability of chlorhexidine hand rub fell by 15.9%, in the current year compared to last year.

Conclusion:
COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown have reduced the number of patients visiting tertiary health care facility for ophthalmic care. As manpower and resource consumption has increased, smart management is needed to tackle the current scenario efficiently. Tele-ophthalmology must be promoted and we must understand the changing trends to plan for the future accordingly.