bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root developmental responses to phosphorus nutrition
Authors: Liu Dong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPhosphorus is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development. Root system architecture (RSA) affects a plant's ability to obtain phosphate, the major form of phosphorus that plants uptake. In this review, I first consider the relationship between RSA and plant phosphorus‐acquisition efficiency, describe how external phosphorus conditions both induce and impose changes in the RSA of major crops and of the model plant Arabidopsis, and discuss whether shoot phosphorus status affects RSA and whether there is a universal root developmental response across all plant species. I then summarize the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing root developmental responses to phosphorus deficiency. I also explore the possible reasons for the inconsistent results reported by different research groups and comment on the relevance of some studies performed under laboratory conditions to what occurs in natural environments.
SIZ1 negatively regulates aluminum resistance by mediating the STOP1–ALMT1 pathway in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xu Jiameng , Zhu Jiayong , Liu Jiajia , Wang Junxia , Ding Zhaojun , Tian Huiyu 
Published: March 2021

AbstractSensitive to proton rhizotoxicity 1 (STOP1) functions as a crucial regulator of root growth during aluminum (Al) stress. However, how this transcription factor is regulated by Al stress to affect downstream genes expression is not well understood. To explore the underlying mechanisms of the function and regulation of STOP1, we employed a yeast two hybrid screen to identify STOP1‐interacting proteins. The SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1, was found to interact with STOP1 and mainly facilitate its SUMO modification at K40 and K212 residues. Simultaneous introduction of K40R and K212R substitutions in STOP1 enhances its transactivation activity to upregulate the expression of aluminum‐activated malate transporter 1 (ALMT1) via increasing the association with mediator 16 (MED16) transcriptional co‐activator. Loss of function of SIZ1 causes highly increased expression of ALMT1, thus enhancing Al‐induced malate exudation and Al tolerance. Also, we found that the protein level of SIZ1 is reduced in response to Al stress. Genetic evidence demonstrates that STOP1/ALMT1 is epistatic to SIZ1 in regulating root growth response to Al stress. This study suggests a mechanism about how the SIZ1–STOP1–ALMT1 signaling module is involved in root growth response to Al stress.
Quality of Life in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Structure and related factors focusing on illness uncertainty
Authors: Ozawa Naoki , Sato Kazuki , Sugimura Ayumi , Maki Shigeyoshi , Tanaka Taku , Yamamoto Kenta , Ito Takanori , Ishizu Yoji , Kuzuya Teiji , Honda Takashi , Ishigami Masatoshi , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Ando Shoko 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAimPatients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have a low quality of life (QOL) and illness uncertainty. This study examined the structure of QOL and associated factors, including illness uncertainty, among individuals with NAFLD.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted using a self‐administered questionnaire for outpatients with NAFLD. QOL was measured using the Short Form‐8. Dietary habits, physical activity level, illness uncertainty, health locus of control, and knowledge of NAFLD were assessed. Path analysis was used to study the associated factors of QOL and their structure, including uncertainty of disease.ResultsPath analysis of 168 NAFLD patients indicated that a high Physical Component Summary score on the Short Form‐8—representing physical QOL—was predicted by a body mass index <25 kg/m2 and high educational level. A high Mental Component Summary score—representing mental QOL—was predicted by being male, good dietary habits, low illness uncertainty, and presence of consultants. The model showed satisfactory goodness‐of‐fit without being rejected by the chi‐square test (goodness‐of‐fit index = .947, adjusted goodness‐of‐fit index = .917, comparative fit index = .967, root mean square error of approximation = 0.023).ConclusionsNurses need to work closely with NAFLD patients as consultants, providing adequate information about the causes, treatments, and dietary habits, and focusing on the individual's perception of health. This could reduce illness uncertainty and contribute to the improvement of QOL.
Protective effects of berberine in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome mediated via the PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Yu Jia , Ding Caifei , Hua Zhoujia , Jiang Xuejuan , Wang Chenye 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackgroundBer, a Chinese herbal monomer has been reported to exhibit an array of pharmacological activities related to the lowering of blood glucose and the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the effect of berberine (Ber) on a rat model of PCOS mediated via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.MethodsA PCOS animal model was induced with the administration of letrozole, and animals were then randomized into untreated or Ber and metformin hydrochloride treated groups. After administration, fasting blood glucose, HOMA‐IR, fasting insulin (FINS) values, and the serum hormone levels were measured in PCOS rats. The ovarian tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) for pathological and apoptosis examination. Moreover, the effect of Ber on the proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells was detected by CCK‐8 assays and flow cytometry. The influence of Ber on granulosa cells was confirmed by blockade of the PI3K/AKT pathway. In addition, the modulatory effect of the blockade of the PI3K/AKT pathway on the expression of related proteins was demonstrated via western blotting.ResultsWe found that Ber was able to restore the serum hormone levels and improve IR in a PCOS rat model. The morphological lesions and apoptosis of the ovary were also restored by the Ber treatment. Blockade of the PI3K/AKT pathway attenuated the influences of Ber on the proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells.ConclusionThe beneficial effects of Ber on PCOS included alterations of the serum hormone levels, recovery of morphological lesions in the ovary, improvement of insulin resistance, and cell viability and inhibition of apoptosis, which were all mediated through the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Metabolomics of gingival crevicular fluid to identify biomarkers for periodontitis: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Baima Giacomo , Corana Matteo , Iaderosa Giovanni , Romano Federica , Citterio Filippo , Meoni Gaia , Tenori Leonardo , Aimetti Mario 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe present systematic review aimed to examine periodontitis‐specific biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) that could have a diagnostic relevance, and to provide a qualitative assessment of the current literature. Metabolites are reliable indicators of pathophysiological statuses, and their quantification in the GCF can provide an outlook of the changes associated with periodontitis and have diagnostic value. Relevant studies identified from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases were examined to answer the following PECO question: “In systemically healthy individuals, can concentration of specific metabolites in the GCF be used to discriminate subjects with healthy periodontium (H) or gingivitis from patients with periodontitis (P) and which is the diagnostic accuracy?” Quality of included studies was rated using a modified version of the QUADOMICS tool. Meta‐analysis was conducted whenever possible. After the screening of 1,554 titles, 15 studies were selected, with sample size ranging from 30 to 93 subjects. Eleven studies performed targeted metabolomics analysis and provided data for 10 metabolites. Among the most consistent markers, malondialdehyde levels were found higher in the P group compared with H group (SMD = 2.86; 95% CI: 1.64, 4.08). Also, a significant increase of 8‐hydroxy‐deoxyguanosine, 4‐hydroxynonenal, and neopterin was detected in periodontally diseased sites, while glutathione showed an inverse trend. When considering data from untargeted metabolomic analysis in four studies, more than 40 metabolites were found significantly discriminant, mainly related to amino acids and lipids degradation pathways. Notably, only one study reported measures of diagnostic accuracy. Several metabolites were differentially expressed in GCF of subjects across different periodontal conditions, having a major potential for investigating periodontal pathophysiology and for site‐specific diagnosis. Oxidative stress‐related molecules, such as malondialdehyde and 8‐hydroxy‐deoxyguanosine, were the most consistently associated to periodontitis (PROSPERO CRD42020188482).
Through the 21st century looking glass: Liberalism, democracy, and populism in a pre‐Yugoslav Serbia
Authors: Guzina Dejan 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAn often underrated but significant debate among Serbian intellectuals is how best to interpret Serbia's political development from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth centuries. Conventional, mainstream understanding is that this period culminated in the golden era of Serbian democracy that lasted from 1903 to 1914. I identify this approach as a liberal‐national interpretation of this period. On their part, Serbian critical historians envision this period in terms of failed modernisation that led to the development of Serbian populism and ethnic nationalism. Even though these depictions involve opposing historical framings of Serbia's past, they both reproduce an ideological picture of the Serbian past rooted within a binary civic/ethnic nationalism framework that constrains analyses of this period to either a modernising civic era or a period that fostered the foundations for ethnic nationalism. Moreover, I argue that, at the discursive level, the debate is not about the past at all. It is primarily about interpreting the contemporary Serbian political system, the role Serbian intellectuals play in it, and whether successful democratisation in a Serbian society could be organised on the principles of further expansion, centralisation, and national homogenisation.
3D morphometric quantification of maxillae and defects for patients with unilateral cleft palate via deep learning‐based CBCT image auto‐segmentation
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Pastewait Matthew , Wu Tai‐Hsien , Lian Chunfeng , Tejera Beatriz , Lee Yan‐Ting , Lin Feng‐Chang , Wang Li , Shen Dinggang , Li Song , Ko Ching‐Chang 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to quantify the 3D asymmetry of the maxilla in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCP) and investigate the defect factors responsible for the variability of the maxilla on the cleft side using a deep‐learning‐based CBCT image segmentation protocol.Setting and sample populationCone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 60 patients with UCP were acquired. The samples in this study consisted of 39 males and 21 females, with a mean age of 11.52 years (SD = 3.27 years; range of 8‐18 years).Materials and methodsThe deep‐learning‐based protocol was used to segment the maxilla and defect initially, followed by manual refinement. Paired t‐tests were performed to characterize the maxillary asymmetry. A multiple linear regression was carried out to investigate the relationship between the defect parameters and those of the cleft side of the maxilla.ResultsThe cleft side of the maxilla demonstrated a significant decrease in maxillary volume and length as well as alveolar length, anterior width, posterior width, anterior height and posterior height. A significant increase in maxillary anterior width was demonstrated on the cleft side of the maxilla. There was a close relationship between the defect parameters and those of the cleft side of the maxilla.ConclusionsBased on the 3D volumetric segmentations, significant hypoplasia of the maxilla on the cleft side existed in the pyriform aperture and alveolar crest area near the defect. The defect structures appeared to contribute to the variability of the maxilla on the cleft side.
Comparison of Ultrasound‐Guided Type‐II Pectoral Nerve Block and Rhomboid Intercostal Block for Pain Management Following Breast Cancer Surgery: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Ciftci Bahadir , Ekinci Mursel , Basim Pelin , Celik Erkan Cem , Tukac Ismail Cem , Zenciroglu Mahmut , Atalay Yunus Oktay 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposeAlthough breast‐conserving surgery‐axillary dissection (BCS‐AD) is a minimally invasive surgery, patients may suffer from moderate‐to‐severe pain. Several regional techniques can be used for pain control. The type II pectoral nerve block (PECS II) and the rhomboid intercostal block (RIB) are interfascial plane blocks that have been reported to provide effective analgesia after breast surgery. This study aims to compare the analgesic efficacy of the PECS II block and the RIB after breast surgery.Patients and MethodsNinety female patients aged 18 to 65 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classes I and II physical status who underwent unilateral BCS‐AD surgery were included. Patients were divided into three groups (n = 30 in each): the PECS II group, the RIB group, or the control group. PECS II block and RIB were performed with 30 mL 0.25% bupivacaine. Ibuprofen 400 mg IV 3 × 1 was given in the postoperative period. A patient control analgesia device included a dose of 10 µg/mL fentanyl, which was prepared and connected to the patients.ResultsThere were no statistical differences between groups in terms of demographical data. Postoperative fentanyl consumption was significantly lower in the PECS II and RIB groups than the control group. The need for rescue analgesia use was significantly higher in the control group than the other groups. At all times, visual analog scale scores were significantly lower in the PECS II and RIB groups than the control group.ConclusionsThe PECS II block and the RIB provide similar effective analgesia after BCS‐AD.
Combination of Pain Location and Pain Duration is Associated with Central Sensitization‐Related Symptoms in Patients with Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Tanaka Katsuyoshi , Nishigami Tomohiko , Mibu Akira , Imai Ryota , Manfuku Masahiro , Tanabe Akihito 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectivesIncreased evidence indicates that pain location affects central sensitization (CS)‐related symptoms. In addition, pain location and pain duration may be intricately related to CS‐related symptoms. However, these factors have been investigated separately. This study aimed to investigate the association between CS‐related symptoms and pain location and/or pain duration in patients with musculoskeletal disorders.MethodsSix hundred thirty‐five participants with musculoskeletal disorders were included in this cross‐sectional study. All participants were assessed for pain location, pain duration, central sensitization inventory (CSI), EuroQol‐5 dimension, and brief pain inventory. The participants were categorized into 3 groups based on pain location (spinal, limb, and both spinal and limb pain) and into 2 groups based on pain duration (acute and chronic pain).ResultsThe interaction between pain location and pain duration were not significant on CSI score (P > 0.05). The odds ratio for higher CSI score (≥ 40) in patients with both spinal and limb pain vs. those with spinal or limb pain was 2.64 (P < 0.01) and that in patients with chronic pain vs. those with acute pain was 1.31 (P = 0.52). In addition, the prevalence of higher CSI scores in the combination of chronic and “both spinal and limb” pain was high (23.1%, adjusted residual = 4.48).ConclusionsPain location independently influenced CSI scores, and the combination of both spinal and limb pain and chronic pain indicated high CSI scores. The combination of pain location and pain duration is an important clue that points to CS‐related symptoms.
Abscisic acid crosstalk with auxin and ethylene in biosynthesis and degradation of inulin‐type fructans in chicory
Authors: Mohammadi F. , Naghavi M. R. , Peighambari S. A. , Khosravi Dehaghi N. , Khaldari I. , Bravi E. , Marconi O. , Perretti G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

The effect of different hormones on fructan accumulation and the genes regulating biosynthesis and degradation is known; however, information on hormonal interaction mechanisms for fructan content and mean degree of polymerization (mDP) is limited.

Cell suspension cultures of chicory were prepared and treated with abscisic acid (ABA), auxin (AUX), ethylene (ETH), ABA + AUX or ABA + ETH, then inulin concentration, mDP of inulin and expression of FAZY genes was determined.

A low concentration of AUX and ETH increased fructan content, while a high concentration of AUX and ETH decreased it. Exogenous ABA increased mDP of inulin and this coincided with the low expression of 1‐FEHII. In hormone interactions, ABA changed and adjusted the effect of both AUX and ETH. ABA, together with a low level of AUX and ETH, resulted in a decrease in inulin content and increase in mDP, which coincided with low expression of FEHII. ABA together with a high level of AUX and ETH caused an increase in inulin content with a lower mDP, which coincided with high expression of biosynthesis (1‐FFT) and degradation (1‐FEHII) genes.

The effect of both AUX and ETH was almost the same, although the effect of ETH was more severe. ABA had a modulating role in combinations with AUX and ETH. Among biosynthesis and degradation genes, the expression of 1‐FEHII was more affected by these hormones.
Simulating multi‐exit evacuation using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Xu Dong , Huang Xiao , Mango Joseph , Li Xiang , Li Zhenlong 
Published: March 2021

AbstractConventional simulations on multi‐exit indoor evacuation focus primarily on how to determine a reasonable exit based on numerous factors in a changing environment. Results commonly include some congested and other under‐utilized exits, especially with large numbers of pedestrians. We propose a multi‐exit evacuation simulation based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL), referred to as the MultiExit‐DRL, which involves a deep neural network (DNN) framework to facilitate state‐to‐action mapping. The DNN framework applies Rainbow Deep Q‐Network (DQN), a DRL algorithm that integrates several advanced DQN methods, to improve data utilization and algorithm stability and further divides the action space into eight isometric directions for possible pedestrian choices. We compare MultiExit‐DRL with two conventional multi‐exit evacuation simulation models in three separate scenarios: varying pedestrian distribution ratios; varying exit width ratios; and varying open schedules for an exit. The results show that MultiExit‐DRL presents great learning efficiency while reducing the total number of evacuation frames in all designed experiments. In addition, the integration of DRL allows pedestrians to explore other potential exits and helps determine optimal directions, leading to a high efficiency of exit utilization.
Biochemical and blood gas alterations in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) whole blood stored in CPDA‐1 and CPD/SAG‐M bags
Authors: Nunes Neto Osvaldo Gato , de Alencar Silva Thamiris Souza , Sousa Rejane Santos , Morini Adriana Caroprezo , Pinto Gilson Andrey Siqueira , de Oliveira Francisco Leonardo Costa , Ortolani Enrico Lippi , Portela Juliana Machado , Barrêto Júnior Raimundo Alves , Minervino Antonio Humberto Hamad 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical and blood gas alterations of whole blood of buffaloes that was stored in citrate–phosphate–dextrose with adenine (CPDA‐1) and CPD/SAG‐M blood bags for 42 days.DesignProspective study.InterventionsTen male buffaloes were used in this study. A total volume of 900 mL of blood was collected from each buffalo so that 450 mL was stored in CPDA‐1 and 450 mL was stored in CPD/SAG‐M bags at 2–6°C for 42 days. The stored blood was evaluated at 7 time points (D): D0 (immediately after blood collection) and 7 (D7), 14 (D14), 21 (D21), 28 (D28), 35 (D35), and 42 (D42) days after collection. Blood gas, biochemical, and microbiological parameters were monitored.Measurements and main resultsThe overall blood pH decreased from 6.997 ± 0.05 at D0 to 6.784 ± 0.09 at D42, differing from baseline from D14 onward (P < 0.05). There were increases in partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2), lactate, and potassium (K) and decreases in the concentrations of sodium, bicarbonate, glucose, and pH (P < 0.05) during storage in both bags but no alterations in total protein concentration. Most of the variables were consistently similar between the 2 types of blood bags (P > 0.05) evaluated, with the exception of pCO2, HCO3, cholesterol, and total protein, which had higher values in the CPDA‐1 bag (P < 0.05). The K, pO2, and lactate had the highest alterations during storage, with increases from baseline to D42 of 563%, 317%, and 169%, respectively.ConclusionIn general, no significant changes of clinical importance were observed after storage of whole blood samples from buffaloes for 42 days in the 2 types of blood bags that are indicated for use with this species.
Zürich cementless total hip arthroplasty as a treatment option for capital physeal fractures in dogs: Outcome in 53 cases
Authors: Alvarez‐Sanchez Alejandro , Amsellem Pierre , Vezzoni Luca , Vezzoni Aldo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractObjectiveTo review the outcome of dogs that underwent Zürich cementless total hip arthroplasty (Z‐THA) for the repair of acute and chronic capital physeal fractures (CPF) and document the CPF‐related hip remodeling.Study designRetrospective study.Sample populationFifty‐three Z‐THA in 53 dogs.MethodsMedical records of dogs (2006‐2019) that underwent Z‐THA for CPF management were reviewed. Dogs were divided into two groups on the basis of the days elapsed between CPF diagnosis and Z‐THA, acute (≤30 days) and chronic (>30 days). Hip remodeling variables were determined from preoperative radiographs or intraoperatively. Descriptive statistics were performed, and the complication rates, outcome, and coxofemoral remodeling were recorded. Comparisons of remodeling variables and rates between groups were performed by using Fisher's exact test.ResultsIn total, 23 of 53 (43.4%) cases were acute, and 30 of 53 (56.6%) cases were chronic. There was no difference in the femoral remodeling rates between the acute and chronic groups (P = .184), whereas acetabular remodeling was more prevalent in the chronic group (P < .001). Intraoperative complications occurred in four of 53 (7.5% [1/23 acute, 3/30 chronic]) cases, and postoperative complications occurred in six of 53 (11.3% [2/23 acute, 4/30 chronic]) cases. Good clinical outcomes were achieved in 51 of 53 (96.2% [21 acute, 30 chronic]) cases.ConclusionComplication rates of Z‐THA for CPF repair were similar to the complication rates reported for Z‐THA of dysplastic hips. Hip remodeling was common regardless of CPF chronicity.Clinical significanceZürich cementless total hip arthroplasty is viable for surgical management of CPF. There is a high likelihood that hip remodeling will be encountered, even in fractures treated within 30 days of presenting for hind limb lameness.