bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Anti-interference Ability of Hyperspectral Sensitive Features to Wheat Powdery Mildew
Authors: Zhao Jinling , Chu Guomin , Yan Hao , Hu Lei , Xue Yongan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The development of ground-based, airborne and spaceborne remote sensing has greatly facilitated the identification and diagnosis of various objects. Corresponding algorithms and methods of removing interference from remotely sensed imagery have been proposed. Nevertheless, the studies on anti-interference ability of selected features have not been fully considered. In our study, the hyperspectral reflectance of leaf-scale powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis) on winter wheat were collected as the testing dataset. A total of seven representative spectral features of Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and GaoFen-1 Wide-Field-View (WFV) was selected, namely, original blue, green, red, near-infrared (NIR) bands and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), normalized difference greenness index (NDGI), structure insensitive pigment index (SIPI). Four hyperspectral vegetation indices including red edge (MSR) simple ratio index, NDVI, green band and SIPI were also selected. Three primary background noises including soil, cloud and white poplar (Populus alba L.) were added into the spectral signal. The correlation coefficient (R) between disease severities (0, 1, 2, 3 and 4) and spectral features was used to estimate the anti-interference ability. The results show that there is a generally similar spectral performance for the two sensors, but Landsat-8 OLI is superior to GF-1 WVF in terms of spectral response. The green band was greatly affected with the R values decreasing from 0.77 to 0.35. The MSR and NDVI showed a gradual decrease with the increase of three background noises. The study shows that background noises must be removed when acquiring spectral data and stable spectral features should be also selected by evaluating the anti-interference ability.
Research on the Construction of Intelligent Library in the Age of Big Data
Authors: Jing Yang 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In today’s Internet age, great changes have taken place in the way people live and work. Under this social background, the future development direction of libraries must be adjusted to keep pace with the times, and new technologies such as artificial intelligence should be driven to build an intelligent development mode. Taking big data as the breakthrough point, this paper summarizes the current problems faced by Chinese libraries in the process of intelligent construction, and puts forward its countermeasures from the aspects of information resources, service management mode and technical capability.
An Approach to Spatial Variations and Resilience of Small Island Sustainability: A Case Study of Kiribati
Authors: Liu Chunyu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Small island states are regarded as the poster children in the resilience of global climate change, while their sustainability varies within individual states considering the complicated interactions of spatially differentiated environmental, economic, and social factors. As the typical case of sea-locked scattering atolls, Kiribati shows its dramatic sustainability variations in different spatial scales. The findings of place-specified questionnaires from Kiribati citizens show that local perspectives on sustainability vary among urban areas, rural areas, as well as remote island areas. The results of the research hopefully provide policy implications for space-specific small island sustainability resilience.
Analysis on the Coupling Effect of Xi’an-Yinchuan High Speed Railway and Economy Development in Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia District Railway and Economy Development in Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia District
Authors: Han Shumin , Han Feng , Zhang Shaojin , Li Yuan , Zhang Jiancai 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Rail transit has been playing a vital role in comprehensive transportation system, there goes without saying that rail transit will stimulate economic growth of the regions alongside railway lines, its coverage and development pattern will exert widespread and far-reaching impact on the area where railway travels through. In Xi’an-Yinchuan High-speed Railway construction setting, firstly, building an accessibility model based on the GIS platform and comparing analysis of traffic accessibility changes in the study area before and after the opening of the high-speed rail. Secondly, relying on the railway network and economic relations to establish comprehensive indicators System, build a coupling model of rail transit and regional economy in Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia. Finally, predicting the coupling relationship between economy and transportation after the opening of high-speed rail. The experimental results show that the accessibility of cities along the line changes greatly before and after the completion of the high-speed rail. The high-speed rail line obviously promotes the economic development of the old revolutionary areas and surrounding cities along the line, and provides guiding suggestions for further improving the rapid railway network.
Groundwater Chemical Characteristics and Salinization Mechanism in the Coastal Plain of the South Bank of Laizhou Bay
Authors: Du Dong , Liu Hongwei , Zhang Jing , Miao Jingjie , Cao Xinyu 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Based on 59 groundwater samples which were collected on the south bank of Laizhou Bay, the main ionic ratios analysis and the main ionic Piper three-line diagram was done. The results show that from offshore to nearshore, groundwater hydrochemical is mainly freshwater, brackish water, salt water, and brine. And the ion type transforms from HCO3-Ca to HCO3·Cl-Ca, then converted to HCO3·Cl-Na and further transformed into Cl·HCO3-Na, then changed to Cl-Na regularity. By calculating some conventional water ion ratios which include Na/CL, K/CL, Ca/CL, SO4/CL, the hydrogeochemical effects of water-rock interactions, the source of groundwater salinity and the mechanism of groundwater salinization were investigated in this study. The anion-cation exchange reaction in the groundwater of the brackish water transition zone in the northern part of the monitoring section is more obvious than that in the southern underground freshwater. The main hydrogeochemical processes occurring in the brackish water transition zone are the dissolution of minerals (calcite, anhydrite and rock salt), precipitation of gypsum and dissipation of carbon dioxide. And the main cation exchange in this area is Ca-Na exchange.
A multipronged core power control strategy for Reaktor TRIGA PUSPATI
Authors: Minhat Mohd Sabri , Subha Nurul Adilla Mohd , Hassan Fazilah , Husain Abdul Rashid , Ahmad Anita , Ismail Fatimah Sham , Hamzah Norikhwan 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
At present, the power tracking performance of nuclear Reaktor TRIGA PUSPATI (RTP) is considered unsatisfactory performance due to relatively long settling time during transient and a chattering noise during steady-state power output. Application of the conventional Feedback Control Algorithm (FCA) as a power control technique is proven to be inadequate to keep the core power output stable and within tight multiple parameter constraints for the safety demand of the RTP. Hence, the present study proposed a multipronged core power control strategy improvement through manipulation of the current Control Rod Selection Algorithm (CRSA), Control Rod Speed Design (CRSD), and Power Change Rate Constraint (PCRC) which are part of the core power control design. In this paper, the profiling and analysis of the multipronged core power control strategy are presented. The model for core power control consists of mathematical models of the reactor core, FCA controller, and a series of multipronged models. The mathematical models of the reactor core are based on the point kinetics model, thermal-hydraulic model, and reactivity model. The reactor model is integrated with the FCA controller and a combination of CRSA-CRSD-PCRC models. The power tracking performance of the proposed control strategy and conventional FCA is compared via computer simulation. Overall, the results show the multipronged FCA offers a wider options for optimum operation of the TRIGA reactor.
A Malaysian Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory participation in the IAEA/WHO Postal Dose Quality Audit: Data Analysis 2009 – 2019
Authors: Abdullah N , Dolah M T 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Participation of Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory (SSDL) of Malaysia in the IAEA/WHO Postal Dose Quality Audit Service is very important in confirming the traceability of absorbed dose measurements provided to the radiotherapy centres. In the audit, the SSDL was supplied with a set of dosimeter for irradiation with absorbed dose to water of 200 cGy in reference conditions using 60Co teletherapy or medical linear accelerator. In the period of 2009 to 2019, a total of 10 photon beams from 60Co teletherapy unit, 6 MV X-ray and 10 MV X-ray produced by medical linear accelerator have been audited. The results of the audit demonstrate that the mean of percentage deviations between the SSDL and the IAEA measurements was -0.35% with standard deviation of 0.86%. The deviations vary between a minimum percentage relative deviation of -2.5% and a maximum of 0.6%. These results were considered satisfactory in which complied with the IAEA’s acceptance limit of ± 3.5%.
Development of Gaussian dispersion computer code enhanced with building downwash parameter
Authors: Omar Nurlyana , Hock-Koh Meng 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Atmospheric dispersion has been well known in environmental risk assessment. However, one parameter in atmospheric dispersion which is the building downwash was always neglected when calculating the dispersion of radioactive effluent using basic Gaussian dispersion model. In the Gaussian model, this parameter usually replaces by a value which is far from being accurate. The results of can differ almost to half of the actual result. Thus, the building downwash must be included in the calculation for more accurate dispersion results. This work focusses on the development of computer code to calculate the dispersion of radionuclide effluent which emphasis on the building downwash parameters. There are two parts of this work, the first is the basic Gaussian dispersion model computer code, named GD-Nx3 and the second part is the Gaussian dispersion model enhanced with building downwash which called GDb-Nx3. Both computer codes were build using Fortran computer language.
Generation of Geiger-Muller detector dataset for simulation of radioactive source localization algorithm
Authors: Rahman Nur Aira Abd , Sahari Khairul Salleh Mohamed , Abdullah Nor Arymaswati , Jalal Muhammad Fairuz Abdul , Hamid Nasri A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Detector dataset in digital data is required to simulate and evaluate a particle filter (PF) algorithm. The PF is used to estimate the position and intensity of unknown hotspots within a region of interest (ROI) from sparse sampling points around the ROI. The dataset will emulate GM measured data at these sampling points. GM radiation detection model, Poisson random variable generator, and Gaussian noise generator were implemented to generate the datasets. Next, using the datasets as input to the PF code, the corresponding output is evaluated for various configuration of hotspot locations and radiation intensities. The resulting detector datasets and the particle filter output were analyzed; and the results are presented in the paper.
Gadolinium-doped polymeric as a shielding material for X-ray
Authors: Tajudin S M , Aminordin Sabri A H , Abdul Aziz M Z , Tabbakh F 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
A relatively new polymeric base compounds (CnH2n) had been proposed as a shielding material for 150 keV photon for an X-ray laboratory. When doped with 8 % gadolinium (Gd), a thickness of 2 cm shielding compound (6 g cm−3) could attenuate more than 90 % of the incident photons with an average dose rate reduction of more than 88 % for 150 keV incident photon. While considering the transmitted photons after the shielding, it is necessary to account for reflected photons and its dose contribution. The reflected photons and ambient dose equivalent were calculated for single-photon energy of 150 keV and an X-ray of 150 kVp. The shielding compound was successfully attenuated most of the incident photon energies particularly below 90 keV. In both cases of photon sources, two significant reflected photon peaks at ~40 and 50 keV were observed as a result of Gd characteristic X-rays. A Compton scattered photon at energy of 95 keV appeared as a result of large scattering angle within 130° -140° for 150 keV incident photons. Thus it is necessary to add a thin inner layer at the source-facing side of the shielding compound to shield the radiation workers and patient inside the X-ray room during the X-ray procedure. An iron layer with thickness of 0.5 cm was adequate to shield almost completely the reflected photons and ambient dose for X-ray 150 kVp source
Evaluation of nuclear medicine planar images based on partial volume effects and recovery coefficients at different activity levels of radionuclides and matrix sizes
Authors: Yusof Mohd Fahmi Mohd , Ghazali Nor Amalyna , Ghani Ummi Solehah Ab , Khaizul Ahmad Thaifur , Hamid Puteri Nor Khatijah Abd 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The partial volume effect evaluations had been effectively used as method for the evaluation of SPECT images in nuclear medicine. The study focused on the use of partial volume effect method and the evaluation of recovery coefficient in the 2D planar images in nuclear medicine. The planar images were obtained by using a modified Jaszczak phantom that contains radionuclide volume of differents diameter sizes and three activity levels. The planar images were also taken at three different matrix sizes of gamma camera set up at 128 x 128, 256 x 256 and 512 x 512. The results showed that the contrast values increased exponentially at larger diameter sizes of radionuclide. The contrast also significantly increased when higher matrix sizes were used. The recovery coefficient evaluation of the planar images were singnificantly decreased when larger matrix sizes were used. There were no significant differences between the recovery coefficients between planar images obtained with and without background counts. The overall results indicated the suitability of using the partical volume efffect method to evaluate the planar images of nuclear medicine.
The effect of object to film distance (OFD) to industrial radiography image
Authors: Ramli R , Amin M S M , Zasikin M H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The object to film distance (OFD) to image when using radiography testing were discussed and whether the image can be improved by IIP Console Software in Digital Radiography method were studied. The artificial defect of wooden block with different size was used as the test sample in this study. The object to film distance (OFD) to the image were capture by using XRS-4 model X-ray source and flat panel detector. The image was analyzing by using IIP Console Software. The obtained results show that irregular surface has better and sharper image compare to flat surface to 9 mm hole wooden block. Meanwhile for 15 mm hole, flat wooden block show better and sharper image compare to irregular surface
Application of Neutron Flux from PUSPATI TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor in Enhancing Superconducting Properties of BSCCO Superconductor
Authors: Hamid Nasri A , Mohiju Zaahidah Atiqah 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The PUSPATI TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor is currently been used in various applications such as Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), Delayed Neutron Activation Analysis (DNAA), radioisotope production for medical, industrial and agricultural purposes, Neutron Radiography and Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS). However, there are not much research activities on utilizing neutron flux from the reactor to study properties of superconducting materials. For superconductors to be fabricated into components of electrical and magnetic devices, the sustainability of the transition temperature, TC and the transport critical current density, JC of the materials is vital to ensure the durability and effectiveness of the devices. A strong superconducting flux pinning capability of superconductors is necessary to maintain high TC and larger JC. Meanwhile, exposure of superconductors to neutron flux is able to create the self-organization of defects that are responsible in producing higher TC and JC in superconductors where the defects act as the flux pinning centres. In this paper, we report the utilization of neutron flux from the PUSPATI TRIGA Mark II research reactor in enhancing the TC and JC of bismuth-strontium-calcium-copper oxide (BSCCO) superconductor. Appropriate sample holder and shielding was fabricated as protection from radiation effect. In this work, 2212-phase BSCCO superconductor (Bi-2212 phase) samples were synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction method. The samples underwent fast neutron irradiation with neutron flux of 2.0 × 1011 neutrons/(cm2.s) for 6 hours. Results showed that the TC of the samples improved slightly, and the JC was found to increase by more than 3 folds.
Radiation measurement of boron neutron capture therapy research facility at T riga Mark-II research reactor Malaysia
Authors: Shalbi Safwan , Sazali N , Rosdi Muhammad Aliff Ashraff , Idris Faridah Mohamad 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Proper shielding ionizing radiations is a mandatory requirement in all nuclear facilities owing to the harmful effects of radiation on workers and general public. The present work is aimed to measure neutron fluxes and gamma fluxes around the Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) research facility at the PUSPATI TRIGA Reactor. This measurement is needed in the subsequent safety assessment so as to ensure the research facility is safely operated
Seismic hazard assessment (SHA) in Sabah using the international monitoring system (IMS) data of the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO): The preliminary findings
Authors: Zolkaffly M Z , Rashid F I A 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Sabah is the most seismically active state in Malaysia where it has recorded higher number of moderate seismological activities for the past decades, as compared to other states in the country. The seismicity map of Sabah shows the presence of two zones of distinctive seismicity, which are Ranau in Kota Kinabalu and Lahad Datu in the southeast of Sabah. The International Monitoring System (IMS) network setup by the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) has successfully detected seismic events occurred in Sabah for the past decades. This paper aims at presenting the preliminary findings of seismic hazard assessment (SHA) in Sabah using the IMS data. This study utilised seismic data from the CTBTO International Data Centre and then analysed to identify the related seismicity parameters including magnitude, depth, and intensity. The Extreme Value Distribution Type-I has been applied to evaluate the maximum magnitude data, where the results of analysis have enabled the quantification of seismic hazard in Sabah in terms of recurrence periods and probabilities of occurrence of earthquake at any given magnitude. Consequently, the findings from this study could be to assess the impact of seismic events in Sabah as well as assist relevant entities in development planning and disaster management.
The elemental distribution study of heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Cd, As, Cr, Ni and Hg) in various fish species at local market in Muar, Johor using SEM-EDX
Authors: Mat Beyi N S , Embong Z , Sunar N M , Abdul Latiff M A B , Abdullah F , Suhaili Z 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe polluted marine environment causes bioaccumulation of heavy metals particularly by fish, which is consumed by humans as sources of nutrients for humans, particularly as a source of protein. Thus, the investigation of the toxic heavy metals concentration levels in fish is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the heavy metals (Cd, Cr, As, Ni, Fe, Hg and Cu) contents in five different fish species, namelyRastelligar kanagurta, Selaroides leptolepis, Megalaspis cordyla, Decapterus ruselliandEuthynnus affinis. Each sample has been dried and grinds to 100 microns of powder form. The elemental composition of the heavy metals was determined using the rapid and versatile analytical technique, which is Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX) and the results were expressed as an atomic percentage. The percentage concentrations of Cd, As, Cr and Ni were found to be higher inR. kanagurtawhich are 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03% and 0.02%, while Cu was found to be higher inS. leptolepiswhich is 0.29%. For Hg element analysis, it was found that this element only exists inD. rusellispecies with atomic percentage of 0.02%. The atomic percentage concentration of As inR. kanagurtaandS. leptolepisare 0.02% and 0.01%. The element of Cr, Fe and Ni were detected inM. cordylawith atomic percentage of 0.01%, 0.02% and 0.02%. InE. affinis, Fe was the highest concentration of metals detected with 0.02%, while other elements such as Cr, Cu and Ni recorded similar the atomic percentages concentration at 0.01%. This study revealed thatR. kanagurtaspecies contributed most of the elements compared to other species. The accumulation of these toxic heavy metals from this fish species could contribute to the toxicity of heavy metals in the human body. However, since all heavy metal concentration measurements in this study are in atomic percentages level, hence it can be considered that the measurements are below the acceptable limit that suggested by WHO, FAO and UNSCEAR
Residence time distribution (RTD) of water flooding activity in oil recovery using vertical sand column: Radiotracer approach
Authors: Othman N , Wan Kamal W H B , Jasni N S , Rosli N R , Yahya R , Yusoff N H , Mohd Yunos M A S , Shah Dahing L N , Shari M R , Hassan H , Amahmood A , Terry A M , Abdullah N 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Waterflooding is a common secondary recovery oil extraction method that can enhance oil recovery up to 45 percent overall recovery factor. Waterflooding is commonly used due to its availability, cost effectiveness and simplicity. Radioactive tracer was introduced to get the optimum Residence Time Distribution (RTD) model which indicates the mechanism of the system. Radiotracer Gallium-68 (Ga-68) is a positron emitting radioactive material, which is eluted from parent Germanium-68 (Ge-68) generator to study the water flooding activity inside the 15 μm grain size of sand pack column oil recovery study. The sand was cleaned, occupying a Perspex sand pack column of 30 cm length and 5 cm diameter arranged in vertical position. The water inlet and tracer were injected from the bottom of the column, assisted by a syringe pump, with the flow rate optimized at 3.5 ml/min in order to push the saturated oil inside the column. Four Sodium Iodide (NaI) scintillation detectors were installed accordingly and attached to 12-channel data analyzer (DAS) to acquire signals of the emitted positron from the Ga-68 solution and monitored by a laptop. The activity utilized was 766 μCi/3ml and the half-life of Ga-68 was 68 minutes with penetrative energy of 511 keV. Initial experience of using Ga-68 was eluting it with 0.05 M HCl for 90μCi/3ml and directly inject it using pulse injection at the upstream of the column. Nonetheless, there was no indication of tracer arrival at the output after several hours which indicated the sole Ga-68 behaves as sand tracer thus, some modification was made to the respective Ga-68 solution. Chelating with DOTA-NHS solution was the second experience with Ga-68, which produced satisfactory result. A very vivid signal was retrieved at the output and RTD model analysis was carried out. The results indicated that the vertical sand pack column behaved as a Perfect Mixer with Parallel Model.