bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbiological analysis of domestic water sources in Banda slum of Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Isingoma Barugahara Evyline , Stephen Kwesiga 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
There is scarcity of information about the safety of water in Banda slum of Kampala, Uganda and yet reports indicate outbreaks of infectious diseases such as typhoid fever and cholera. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of exposure to waterborne infections by Banda residents due to faecal contamination of water sources. Four hundred respondents were sampled and interviewed on the methods of water collection, treatment and storage. Water samples were collected with sterile glass bottles in duplicate from the dug well, protected spring and piped water system in December 2018 on two different consecutive days. They were transported to the laboratory for total and faecal coliform count analysis within 2 h using a lightproof-insulated box containing ice-packs. The mean Escherichia coli count for the dug well was 43 ± 18 c.f.u/mL. The protected spring had no detectable E. coli, but its total plate count level was 76 ± 1.4 c.f.u/mL. Only 46% of the respondents treated their drinking water using boiling and filtering methods. Poor sanitation and hygiene practices were observed. The total and faecal coliform counts of water sources were unsatisfactory making Banda residents highly at risk of infectious diseases, given the small number of residents that treated water.
A Link Between Chemical Structure and Biological Activity in Triterpenoids
Authors: Wang Cunqin , Wang Rongbin , Wang Hongting , Zang Li , Xu Hao , Huang Chao , Chen Ying , Wang Lei 
Published: May 2021

Background:
Plants that are rich in triterpenoid compounds possess various biological
activities and are reported in many scientific works. Triterpenoids, because of their broad sources,
wide variety, high medicinal value, and anti-tumor properties, have drawn great attention from scientists.
However, the lack of approach to understand the link between their chemical structures and
biological activities has limited the fundamental comprehension of these compounds in cancer therapy.

Objective:
The aim of the study is to summarize the list of plants with triterpenoids and their derivatives
that are a source of potential novel therapeutic anti-cancer agents by interpreting the network
of anti-cancer activity and the structures of triterpenoids and their derivatives.

Methods:
This work focuses on analyzing relevant patents and references that detail the structure
of triterpenoids and their derivatives for the treatment of tumors.

Result:
Pentacyclic triterpenoid plays a more important role in improving the autophagic signaling
pathways of cancer cells compared to tetracyclic triterpenoid.

Conclusion:
The heterogenous skeleton structure of triterpenoids impairs programmed cell death
signaling pathways in various cancers.
An Overview of Developable Surfaces in Geometric Modeling
Authors: Zhang Yuzhe , Zheng Jianmin 
Published: May 2021

Background:
A developable surface is a special ruled surface with vanishing Gaussian
curvature. The study of developable surfaces is of interest in both academia and industry. The application
of developable surfaces ranges from ship hulls, architecture to origami, clothes, etc., as they
are suitable for the modeling of surfaces with materials that are not amenable to stretch like leather,
paper, fiber, and sheet metal.

Objective:
We survey techniques and patents of developable surfaces in the field of geometric modeling.
The theory, algorithms, and applications are discussed to provide a comprehensive summary
for modeling developable surfaces.

Methods:
Prior methods that model smooth and discrete developable surfaces in diverse disciplines
are collected and reviewed. In particular, our review focuses on !!, !! and !! developable surfaces,
which are driven by the problems and challenges in the industry.

Results:
Many papers and patents of developable surface modeling are classified in this review paper.
It is found that remarkable developments and improvements have been achieved in both analytical
computations and practical applications.

Conclusion:
Global piecewise-developable surfaces, exploration of shape space of developable surfaces,
joint optimization of geometry and physics, and other fundamental problems should be further
studied.
Intersections and Roads Untravelled: Sex and Family Status in Fraser v Canada
Authors: Koshan Jennifer 
Published: May 2021

It has been a long road to the judicial recognition of women’s inequality under the Cana‑ dian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.1 The Supreme Court of Canada ruling in Fraser v Can‑ ada is significant for being the first decision where a majority of the Court found adverse effects discrimination based on sex under section 15,2 and it was only two years prior that a claim of sex discrimination in favour of women was finally successful at the Court,3 almost 30 years after their first section 15 decision in Andrews v Law Society of British Columbia. 4
1 Part I of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11 [Charter], s 15. 2 Fraser v Canada (Attorney General), 2020 SCC 28 [Fraser]. 3 Quebec (Attorney General) v Alliance du personnel professionnel et technique de la santé et des services sociaux, 2018 SCC 17 [Alliance] (majority found sex discrimination under s 15 and rejected the government’s justification argument under s 1 in the pay equity context). See also Centrale des syndicats du Québec v Quebec (Attorney General), 2018 SCC 18 [Centrale] (majority found violation of s 15 but accepted the government’s s 1 argument, also in the pay equity context). For comments on these decisions see Fay Faraday, “One Step Forward, Two Steps Back? Substantive Equality, Systemic Discrimination and Pay Equity at the Supreme Court of Canada” (2020) 94 SCLR (2d) 301; Jonnette Watson Hamilton & Jennifer Koshan, “Equality Rights and Pay Equity: Déjà Vu in the Supreme Court of Canada” (2019) 15 JL & Equality 1. See also British Columbia Teachers’ Federation v British Columbia Public School Employers’ Association, 2014 SCC 70 (a one-paragraph decision restoring an arbitrator’s award allowing a s 15 employment benefits claim by women); Newfoundland (Treasury Board) v NAPE, 2004 SCC 66 (finding a violation of s 15 but accepting the government’s s 1 argument, again in the pay equity context).4 [1989] 1 SCR 143, 56 DLR (4th) 1.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION IN WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Authors: Kurnia Rizki , Kareviati Evie 
Published: May 2021

In this study, the researcher used qualitative research method to find out students’ perception in writing descriptive text. The subjects of this research were the 25 students in SMPN 32 Bandung. They were 13 boys and 12 girls. To collect the data, the researcher used pre-test, post-test that given after the students had got the treatment and also questionnaire. The result of the study showed the highest score for pre-test was 84, the lowest score was 16, and the mean score was 43.2. The data showed that the students’ score still low. And the highest score for post-test was 90, the lowest score was 40, and the mean score was 68.8. It means that students improved their ability after the treatment given, and their perception in writing descriptive text was found. But the researcher indicates that the students were still in low level or their ability in writing descriptive text was still weak. Keywords: Students’ Perception, Writing, Descriptive Text
THE BLENDED LEARNING IMPLEMENTATION OF ELT BASED ON TEACHERS AND STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVE IN NEW NORMAL CONDITION OF COVID 19
Authors: Rachman Lukman Arif , Sudiyono Sudiyono , Phonix Elzi 
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the perceptions of teachers and students towards the implementation of blended learning in English, at high schools in the city of Bandung. The research method adopted for this research is the mix method between qualitative and quantitative. Participants involved were teachers and students taken randomly from as many as nine senior high schools spread across the city of Bandung. The technique and data processing were carried out by distributing a questionnaire that each participant had to fill in, the questionnaire contained seven aspects of how they responded to the advantages each of both teachers and students due to the English blended learning method. After the data were collected, then an analysis was carried out by calculating on the perceptions of teachers and students. The main advantage according to the teachers perception was challenging for teachers in preparing the material and using the media (93% perception responses). Meanwhile, the main advantage according to students perception was that English blended learning could improve their language skills (77% perception responses). As suggestions, it can be conveyed that blended learning can be continued for this era of Covid 19. Keywords: English, Blended Learning, Teachers’ Perspective, Students’ Perspective
LIVED EXPERIENCE OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS AMIDST COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDY
Authors: Kainama Michelle Sarah , Hendriks Anne Lou 
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research was to discover the experiences of English teachers in Jayapura, Papua in terms of the execution of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative method was used to find out the target needs related to teachers’ experiences. The data collection used was semi-structured interviews with five English teachers selected as the participants in this research. This research found English teachers experiences out regarding online classes that have been made in the outspread of COVID-19. The major results of this study showed there are several areas on teachers’ experiences in performing online classes; interaction that is both high-quality and timely, technical issues, and the participation of the students.
Resolution of Laryngeal Oedema in a Patient with Acquired C1-Inhibitor Deficiency. A Case Report
Authors: Bara Noémi-Anna , Nadasan Valentin 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Introduction
Laryngeal oedema caused by acquired angioedema due to C1-inhibitor deficiency (C1-INH-AAE) is a life-threatening condition. The swelling is bradykinin mediated and will not respond to the usual treatment with antihistamines, corticosteroids, or epinephrine. Instead, kallikrein-bradykinin-targeted therapies should be used promptly to prevent asphyxiation.

Case presentation
A 43 years old female presented at the Hereditary Angioedema Centre reporting a one-year history of peripheral, facial, and neck oedema. Treatment with antihistamines and corticosteroids had been ineffective. Laboratory results showed complement level deficiencies and monoclonal gammopathy characterised as immunoglobulin M. An abdominal ultrasound revealed splenomegaly. A bone marrow biopsy was normal. Based on these data, the diagnosis of C1-INH-AAE associated with monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance (MGUS) was made. As C1-INH-AAE can present with life-threatening, standard treatment-resistant laryngeal oedema, an emergency care treatment plan was proposed, and the patient was advised to present to the emergency department (ED) with this medical letter. Based on these recommendations, three laryngeal attacks were successfully treated in the ED with recombinant human C1-inhibitor (two attacks) and fresh frozen plasma (one attack). After these episodes, the patient was prescribed prophylactic treatment with antifibrinolytics. No further angioedema attacks were reported by the patient at the 18 months follow-up visit.

Conclusions
Because angioedema of the upper airways is a life-threatening condition, recognising the specific type of swelling by the emergency physician is critical in providing immediate and effective treatment to reduce the associated risk of asphyxiation. C1-INH-AAE being a rare disorder, patients should have available an emergency care treatment plan with recommendations of acute treatment possibilities.
Cerebellar Stroke in a COVID-19 Infected Patient. A Case Report
Authors: Loo Khang Ning , Tan You Jiang , Narasimhalu Kaavya , Sharma Krishan Kumar , Chew Dorinda Chee Yee , Wong Hei Man , Chan Yvonne Fu Zi , Lee Ken Cheah Hooi 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Background
Recent studies have reported that COVID-19 infected patients with stroke, who were often in the older age group, had a higher incidence of vascular risk factors, and more severe infection related respiratory symptoms. These observations provided little evidence to suggest that COVID-19 infection is a potential causative factor for stroke. This report describes a young patient with a cerebellar stroke secondary to COVID-19 infection.

Case presentation
A 45-year old male presented at a hospital, reporting a two-day history of headache, vertigo, persistent vomiting, and unsteady gait. Physical examination revealed gaze-evoked nystagmus on extraocular movement testing, left-sided dysmetria and dysdiadochokinesia. He was diagnosed with a left cerebellar stroke. An external ventricular drain was inserted, and sub-occipital craniectomy was performed to manage the effects of elevated intracranial pressure due to the extent of oedema secondary to the infarct. He also underwent screening for the COVID-19 infection, which was positive on SARS-COV-2 polymerase chain reaction testing of his endotracheal aspirate. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples were negative. After the surgery, the patient developed atrial fibrillation and had prolonged vomiting symptoms, but these resolved eventually with symptomatic treatment. He was started on aspirin and statin therapy, but anticoagulation was withheld due to bleeding concerns. The external ventricular drain was removed nine days after the surgery. He continued with active rehabilitation.

Conclusions
Young patients with COVID-19 infection may be more susceptible to stroke, even in the absence of risk factors. Standard treatment with aspirin and statins remains essential in the management of COVID-19 related stroke. Anticoagulation for secondary prevention in those with atrial fibrillation should not be routine and has to be carefully evaluated for its benefits compared to the potential harms of increased bleeding associated with COVID-19 infection.
Developing the Designing Process for some Themes of Cell - The Base Unit of Life, Science 6, General Education Curriculum 2018
Authors: Thi Phuong Le 
Published: May 2021

Theme-based teaching is currently increasingly focused and it helps students to research the problem completely and apply knowledge logically while they can discover and solve problems that associate with real life. The content of the General Education curriculum, the Science subject in 2018 is highly logical and suitable for designing teaching themes. Teachers can base on the orientations and requirements of the curriculum to design themes which are suitable for local practical conditions. This paper proposes the 5-step process of designing a theme in teaching The Cell - The basic unit of life bases on theoretical basis studies, principles and the content of curriculum 2018. The steps of the process are analyzed and provided specific examples that will be the reference for teachers when they design themes in teaching Science 6.
Correlation bCorrelation between the prevalence of E.coli O157:H7 and the physic -chemical characetween the prevalence of E.coli O157:H7 and the physic -chemical characteristics of the soil on a dairy farm reared under field conditions in Baghdad province
Authors: Mohammed Zuhair A. 
Published: May 2021

This study was designed to investigate the correlation of various stress factors (PH, moisture contents, temp., and soil texture) on the ability of E.coli OI57:H7 to persist on/in soil on a dairy farm reared under field conditions at the college of Agriculture /University of Bagdad. The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in soil samples was determined for the period January to June 2012. The surface kinetics of E.coli O157:H7 onto the soil (surface kinetics), were theoretically achieved by dividing the farm into 3 zones starting from the fens (Z1),5m, and 10 m (Z5, and Z10, respectively) from the farm in three direction (right, left and rear of the farm) . While the depth kinetics were achieved by taking soil samples from the surface (D0), and at depths of 5, and 10 cm (D5, and D10 respectively) from each zone in the three directions. Nine soil samples (200g) were collected in plastic bags for each distance of 1, 5, and 10m from the farm for each depth of zero (surface), 5 and 10 cm at weekly basis. Sub sample (100g) was made for physicochemical assays. The other subsample was analyzed for E. coli OI57:H7. In conclusion, the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil examined, PH, moisture %, sand%, and clay % showed either no consistent or weak correlations with the prevalence of E.coli O157:H7 at the dairy farm reared under field conditions. The prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 found in this study are far greater than what would likely be found on a dairy farm in other countries; this is a critically important fact considering that, under natural conditions, even a low level of contamination of E. coli O157:H7 with a low infective dose could present a human health hazard.
Effect of Force 6® Poultry (Curcumin) on Lipid profile in Broiler chicken in presence of IBD vaccine
Authors: Ulaiwi Amjed H. 
Published: May 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate effect of Force 6® Poultry on lipid profile in broiler chicken in presence of IBD vaccine. Two hundred chicks at one day old were divided into four equal groups as: Group 1; 50 day old unvaccinated chicks were given (50 gm/ton) of Force 6® Poultry (curcumin) along the experimental period (35 days), chicks in group 2; were given IBD vaccine in (15-day old) (BURSINE-2), chicks in group 3 were vaccinated with IBD at (15-day old) and given Force 6® Poultry along time of experimental (with 50 gm/ton). Group 4, 50 chicks were saved as negative control. Blood samples were collected from heart for lipid profile detection and included (cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein HDL, very low density lipoprotein VLDL, low-density lipoprotein LDL). The result of lipid profile showed significant (P˂0.05) differences with higher value between groups which were (G2, G4) which did not receive force 6 poultry than group (G1, G3) which received force 6 poultry for (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL,VLDL). In conclusion, the Force 6® Poultry had main effect to improve lipid profile of treated groups than these groups untreated.
Ricardo Palma, lector de Ventura Travada
Authors: Sánchez Martínez César Félix 
Published: May 2021

En este artículo, se estudiará a Ricardo Palma como primer lector literario de Suelo de Arequipa convertido en Cielo (c.1750) de Ventura Travada (1695-1758) y la manera como ambos autores, desde distintos registros hermenéuticos, interpretan la funcionalidad de lo prodigioso.
“Viajar hacia lo diverso con Paul Gauguin y Flora Tristán”: una experiencia de mediación cultural y circulación artística en el norte peruano (2018-2019)
Authors: Vargas Pacheco Cristina , Muniglia Naïl 
Published: May 2021

En 2018, el Ministerio de Cultura del Perú lanzó una convocatoria nacional bajo el nombre de Estímulos Económicos de la Cultura, buscando motivar la generación de propuestas en diferentes ámbitos de las artes plásticas, musicales y escénicas. Uno de los proyectos que se vio favorecido fue “Viajar hacia lo diverso con Paul Gauguin y Flora Tristán: proyecto para la dinamización, circulación y mediación de la creación artística en la región norte”, impulsado desde la Alianza Francesa de Piura. En el presente artículo se narra esta experiencia, que tuvo como eje de concepción y acción, la mediación cultural y, particularmente, artística, partiendo del recuento teórico de su surgimiento en un contexto de democratización cultural. Palabras clave: mediación cultural, Paul Gauguin, Flora Tristán, Alianza Francesa de Piura, norte peruano, estímulos económicos de la cultura.
AbstractIn 2018 the Peruvian Ministry of Culture launched the Estímulos Económicos de la Cultura, an open national call intended to receive and support project ideas in the fields of music, scenic and visual arts. One of the beneficiaries of the grant has been the project “Travelling towards the diversity with Paul Gauguin and Flora Tristán: project to foster the dynamization, circulation, and mediation of artistic creation in the northern region of Peru”, promoted by the Alliance Française of Piura. The present article aims to explain the whole experience process whose core of conception and action is the cultural and artistic mediation, departing from the theoretical paradigm of its emergence in a context of cultural democratization.Keywords: cultural mediation, Paul Gauguin, Flora Tristán, North of Peru, state economic support, Alliance Française of Piura.
Recensioni
Authors: Grippo Andrea , Carlini Marta , D’ascenzio Anna 
Published: May 2021

-Romeo, Marchetti (2020), #Noirestiamoacasa. Il mondo visto da fuori ai tempi del Covid-19-Rufino (2020) Scegliere, decidere, cambiare. Perché il mondo dimentica di fare-Migliorati (2020) Un sociologo nella Zona Rossa. Rischio, paura, morte e creatività ai tempi di Covid-19
The Role of HIV Infection in the Pathophysiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Authors: Phoswa Wendy N. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose of the Review: The main objective of this study is to investigate mechanisms associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in HIV infected pregnant women by looking how placental hormones such as (progesterone and prolactin) and basic haemostatic parameters are regulated in HIV infected pregnancies.Recent Findings: HIV/AIDS are a major global obstetric health burden that lead to increased rate of morbidity and mortality. HIV/AIDS has been associated with the pathophysiology of GDM and HDP. Increased risk of GDM due to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) usage has been reported in HIV infected pregnancies, which causes insulin resistance in both pregnant and non-pregnant individuals. HAART is a medication used for lowering maternal antepartum viral load and pre-exposure and post-exposure prophylaxis of the infant. In pregnant women, HAART induces diabetogenic effect by causing dysregulation of placental hormones such as (progesterone and prolactin) and predispose HIV infected women to GDM. In addition to HIV/AIDS and GDM, Studies have indicated that HIV infection causes haemostatic abnormalities such as hematological disorder, deregulated haematopoiesis process and the coagulation process which results in HDP.Summary: This study will help on improving therapeutic management and understanding of the pathophysiology of GDM and HDP in the absence as well as in the presence of HIV infection by reviewing studies reporting on these mechanism.