bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel monkey‐wrench‐shaped microstrip patch sensor for food evaluation and analysis
Authors: Nitika  , Kaur Jaswinder , Khanna Rajesh 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrowave sensor technology is considered to be a non‐destructive and hygienic means for food evaluation and analysis. The rapid progress in microwave sensor technologies motivated us to present a novel monkey‐wrench‐shaped microstrip patch sensor for evaluating food quality. The proposed antenna is considered as a liquid sensor to detect adulteration in liquids by examining the relationship between concentration, shift in resonant frequency, and variation in reflection coefficient.RESULTSThe sensor has a compact size of 17 × 14 mm2 imprinted on an FR4 substrate of thickness 1.57 mm. This microwave system is proposed for monitoring overall milk quality using a microstrip sensor and has considerably good numerical sensitivity and accuracy (13.11% and 88.5% respectively), which makes the system attractive for detecting adulteration. Further, the Q‐factor for the proposed sensor is 209 and has a standard deviation less than the difference between non‐adulterated and adulterated values, giving resolution high enough to distinguish adulteration with an acceptable statistical accuracy. In this study, different milk categories (buffalo, goat, and cow milk) are considered as liquid samples to detect adulteration by demonstrating the variation in reflection coefficient due to change in dielectric properties for the following different cases: (i) adulteration of milk with water; (ii) adulteration of milk with synthetic milk powder; (iii) adulteration of milk with caustic soda; and (iv) adulteration of milk with vegetable oil. The referred variation in reflection coefficient and resonant frequency is due to a change in the dielectric properties of a liquid when a varying concentration of an adulterant/solute is added to the liquid sample.CONCLUSIONThe simulation and measured results show good agreement that validates the proposed sensor for food adulteration detection with high sensitivity. In terms of performance, the proposed sensor shows accuracy with high spatial resolution and reduced penetration depth to detect the adulteration in various milk samples (i.e. buffalo, goat, and cow milk). © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Travel distance is associated with stage at presentation and laryngectomy rates among patients with laryngeal cancer
Authors: Morse Elliot , Lohia Shivangi , Dooley Laura M. , Gupta Piyush , Roman Benjamin R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of travel distance on stage at presentation and management strategies of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is unknown. We investigated this relationship.MethodsRetrospective review of patients with laryngeal SCC in the National Cancer Data Base from 2004 to 2016. Multivariate analysis determined relationships between travel distance, sociodemographic, geographic, and hospital factors. Logistic regression determined the influence of travel distance on T‐stage and overall stage at presentation, and receipt of total laryngectomy.ResultsSixty thousand four hundred and thirty‐nine patients were divided into groups based on distance to treatment: short (<12.5 miles); intermediate (12.5–49.9 miles); and long (>50 miles). Increased travel was associated with T4‐stage (intermediate vs. short OR 1.11, CI 1.04–1.18, p = 0.001; long vs. short OR 1.5, CI 1.36–1.65, p < 0.001), and total laryngectomy (intermediate vs. short OR 1.40, CI 1.3–1.5, p ≤ 0.001; long vs. short OR 2.52, CI 2.28–2.79, p ≤ 0.001). In T4 disease, total laryngectomy was associated with improved survival compared to nonsurgical treatment (HR 0.75, CI 0.70–0.80, p < 0.001) regardless of travel distance.ConclusionLonger travel distance to care is associated with increased stage at presentation, rate of laryngectomy, and improved survival in advanced laryngeal SCC. Health policy efforts should be directed towards improving early access to diagnosis and care.
Trauma Characteristics Moderate the Relation Between Estradiol and Trauma‐Related Symptoms
Authors: Rieder Jenna K. , Kleshchova Olena , Weierich Mariann R. 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWomen are more likely to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than men, and fluctuations in gonadal hormones might contribute to this vulnerability. Low‐estradiol states are associated with aversive affective experiences, including trauma‐related symptoms. However, the impact of trauma characteristics on the relation between estradiol and trauma‐related symptoms is unknown. We used a clinical interview and 10‐day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) that spanned low‐ and high‐estradiol menstrual cycle phases to test trauma type, chronicity, and timing as moderators of the association between estradiol and trauma‐related symptoms in 40 naturally cycling young women. We tested interactions between trauma characteristics and (a) estradiol on self‐reported symptoms and (b) menstrual cycle–related change in estradiol on change in symptoms. Sexual, chronic, and earlier trauma was associated with more severe symptoms as reported during the interview, rs = .51–.33, but not mean symptoms across the EMA. Estradiol at the time of the interview was inversely associated with symptoms in women with sexual but not nonsexual trauma, interaction: B = −12.62 (SE = 5.28), p = .022. Menstrual cycle–related change in estradiol was inversely associated with change in symptoms in women with chronic trauma, B = ‐9.65 (SE = 3.49), p = .006, and earlier trauma, B = 0.71 (SE = 0.34), p = .036, but not discrete or later trauma. Sexual, chronic, or early trauma exposure might confer higher symptom vulnerability in low‐estradiol states. Clinicians who work with women with particular trauma histories might anticipate menstrual cycle–related variation in symptoms.
Circ_0087862 promotes the progression of colorectal cancer by sponging miR‐142‐3p and up‐regulating BACH1 expression
Authors: Huang Bo , Cui De‐Jun , Yan Fang , Yang Liu‐Chan , Zhang Man‐Man , Zhao Xun 
Published: August 2021

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) feature prominently in regulating the malignant biological behaviors of colorectal cancer (CRC), including cell viability, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and so on. This study is performed to probe into the biological function and molecular mechanism of circ_0087862 in CRC. The expression profile of GSE138589 was available from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the differentially expressed circRNAs were analyzed by GEO2R. The expression of circ_0087862, miR‐142‐3p, and BACH1 mRNA in CRC tissues and cells was measured by qRT‐PCR. CCK‐8 assay was employed to determine the proliferation of CRC cells. Scratch wound healing and transwell assays were used to examine the migration and invasion of CRC cells. The targeting relationships between circ_0087862 and miR‐142‐3p, and between miR‐142‐3p and BACH1 3′UTR were verified by dual‐luciferase reporter gene assay and RIP assay. BACH1 protein expression was probed by western blot. Circ_0087862 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and cell lines. Knocking down circ_0087862 significantly restrained the multiplication, migration and invasion of CRC cells. miR‐142‐3p inhibition weakened the impact of circ_0087862 knockdown on CRC cells. Circ_0087862 regulated BACH1 expressions by targeting miR‐142‐3p. Circ_0087862 regulates BACH1 expressions through sponging miR‐142‐3p, and promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells.
Spatiotemporal dynamics in soil iron affected by wetland conversion on the Sanjiang Plain
Authors: Chi Guangyu , Zhu Bin , Huang Bin , Chen Xin , Shi Yi 
Published: August 2021

AbstractSince the 1950s, nearly 80% of wetlands in the Sanjiang Plain have been converted into paddy fields. The conversion might affect the solubility and mobility of soil iron, influencing the export of iron into the Amur River and the primary production of the Okhotsk Sea. However, information regarding long‐term studies of the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil iron after cultivation is limited. In this study, six regions, including 18 plots in the Sanjiang Plain, were selected as sampling sites covering natural wetlands and paddy fields with planting ages of 2, 5, 11, 18, and 25 years after conversion from the wetland. Samples were collected at six different depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–40, 40–60, 60–90, and 90–120 cm) analyzed for water‐soluble ferrous iron (Fe[II]), water‐soluble iron (Few), complex iron (Fep), amorphous iron oxides (Feo), free iron oxides (Fed), and total iron (Fet) and six soil physicochemical characteristics. Two years after the conversion of wetlands to rice fields led to an immediate decrease in Fe(II), Few, Fep/Fed, and Feo/Fed, while the Fep and Feo contents decreased at 5 years. Both the concentrations and stocks of soil Fet increased gradually during the first 18 years. The findings in the Sanjiang Plain suggest that the function of wetlands after conversion as a source of iron might decrease with increasing time, with potential ecological effects on the neighboring marine environment. Recently initiated wetland restoration would protect the land ecosystems in the Sanjiang Plain and promote the future sustainability of the Amur Basin.
Robots should be seen and not heard…sometimes: Anthropomorphism and AI service robot interactions
Authors: Letheren Kate , Jetten Jolanda , Roberts Jonathan , Donovan Jared 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThere is a growing need to understand how consumers will interact with artificially intelligent (AI) domestic service robots, which are currently entering consumer homes at increasing rates, yet without a theoretical understanding of the consumer preferences influencing interaction roles such robots may play within the home. Guided by anthropomorphism theory, this study explores how different levels of robot humanness and social interaction opportunities affect consumers' liking for service robots. A review of the extant literature is conducted, yielding three hypotheses that are tested via 953 responses to an online scenario‐based experiment. Findings indicate that while consumers prefer higher levels of humanness and moderate‐to‐high levels of social interaction opportunity, only some participants liked robots more when dialogue (high‐interaction opportunity) was offered. Resulting from this study is the proposed Humanized‐AI Social Interactivity Framework. The framework extends previous studies in marketing and consumer behavior literature by offering an increased understanding of how households will choose to interact with service robots in domestic environments based on humanness and social interaction. Guidelines for practitioners and two overarching themes for future research emerge from this study. This paper contributes to an increased understanding of potential interactions with service robots in domestic environments.
RNA Toxicity and Perturbation of rRNA Processing in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2
Authors: Li Pan P. , Moulick Roumita , Feng Hongxuan , Sun Xin , Arbez Nicolas , Jin Jing , Marque Leonard O. , Hedglen Erin , Chan H.Y. Edwin , Ross Christopher A. , Pulst Stefan M. , Margolis Russell L. , Woodson Sarah , Rudnicki Dobrila D. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundSpinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by expansion of a CAG repeat in Ataxin‐2 (ATXN2) gene. The mutant ATXN2 protein with a polyglutamine tract is known to be toxic and contributes to the SCA2 pathogenesis.ObjectiveHere, we tested the hypothesis that the mutant ATXN2 transcript with an expanded CAG repeat (expATXN2) is also toxic and contributes to SCA2 pathogenesis.MethodsThe toxic effect of expATXN2 transcripts on SK‐N‐MC neuroblastoma cells and primary mouse cortical neurons was evaluated by caspase 3/7 activity and nuclear condensation assay, respectively. RNA immunoprecipitation assay was performed to identify RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that bind to expATXN2 RNA. Quantitative PCR was used to examine if ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing is disrupted in SCA2 and Huntington's disease (HD) human brain tissue.ResultsexpATXN2 RNA induces neuronal cell death, and aberrantly interacts with RBPs involved in RNA metabolism. One of the RBPs, transducin β‐like protein 3 (TBL3), involved in rRNA processing, binds to both expATXN2 and expanded huntingtin (expHTT) RNA in vitro. rRNA processing is disrupted in both SCA2 and HD human brain tissue.ConclusionThese findings provide the first evidence of a contributory role of expATXN2 transcripts in SCA2 pathogenesis, and further support the role of expHTT transcripts in HD pathogenesis. The disruption of rRNA processing, mediated by aberrant interaction of RBPs with expATXN2 and expHTT transcripts, suggest a point of convergence in the pathogeneses of repeat expansion diseases with potential therapeutic implications. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Cognitive Determinants of Dysarthria in Parkinson's Disease: An Automated Machine Learning Approach
Authors: García Adolfo M. , Arias‐Vergara Tomás , C. Vasquez‐Correa Juan , Nöth Elmar , Schuster Maria , Welch Ariane E. , Bocanegra Yamile , Baena Ana , Orozco‐Arroyave Juan R. 
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundDysarthric symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) vary greatly across cohorts. Abundant research suggests that such heterogeneity could reflect subject‐level and task‐related cognitive factors. However, the interplay of these variables during motor speech remains underexplored, let alone by administering validated materials to carefully matched samples with varying cognitive profiles and combining automated tools with machine learning methods.ObjectiveWe aimed to identify which speech dimensions best identify patients with PD in cognitively heterogeneous, cognitively preserved, and cognitively impaired groups through tasks with low (reading) and high (retelling) processing demands.MethodsWe used support vector machines to analyze prosodic, articulatory, and phonemic identifiability features. Patient groups were compared with healthy control subjects and against each other in both tasks, using each measure separately and in combination.ResultsRelative to control subjects, patients in cognitively heterogeneous and cognitively preserved groups were best discriminated by combined dysarthric signs during reading (accuracy = 84% and 80.2%). Conversely, patients with cognitive impairment were maximally discriminated from control subjects when considering phonemic identifiability during retelling (accuracy = 86.9%). This same pattern maximally distinguished between cognitively spared and impaired patients (accuracy = 72.1%). Also, cognitive (executive) symptom severity was predicted by prosody in cognitively preserved patients and by phonemic identifiability in cognitively heterogeneous and impaired groups. No measure predicted overall motor dysfunction in any group.ConclusionsPredominant dysarthric symptoms appear to be best captured through undemanding tasks in cognitively heterogeneous and preserved cohorts and through cognitively loaded tasks in patients with cognitive impairment. Further applications of this framework could enhance dysarthria assessments in PD. © 2021 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Not all flaps are created equal: Assessing the impact of active smoking in muscle‐only versus perforator flaps for patients undergoing nonelective extremity‐free tissue transfer—A case control study
Authors: Karamanos Efstathios , Saad Noah , Smith Kari E. , Patnaik Ronit , Wang Howard T. , Cromack Douglas 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIntroductionActive smoking is known to impair wound healing following free tissue transfer for reconstruction due to its vasoconstrictive effect on the microcirculation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of flap selection on flap loss, in nonelective, traumatic extremity‐free soft tissue transfer in active smokers.MethodsAll patients undergoing a free tissue transfer for acute trauma of the extremity at a level I trauma center from 2011 to 2017 were identified. Breast reconstruction and osseous/osseocutaneous flaps were excluded. The study population was divided in two groups based on the type of flap used (muscle versus perforator flap). Factors known to be associated with impaired wound healing were extracted from the database. Primary outcome was major smoking related complications (complete/partial flap loss). Secondary outcomes included minor flap‐related complications (infection, dehiscence) and donor site complications. The impact of smoking was assessed for the different type of flaps using multivariate analyses.ResultsA total of 118 flaps were identified during the study period. Out of those, 52 were perforator‐based fasciocutaneous flaps, while 66 were muscle flaps. Active smoking status resulted in a statistically significant increase in the incidence of major and minor complications in the perforator flap group (36% vs. 4%, adjusted odds ratio, AOR [95%CI]: 2.31[1.48,19.30], adj‐p = 0.021 and 32% vs. 17%, AOR [95% CI]: 1.23[1.11,14.31], adj‐p = 0.034) but had no impact in the muscle group.ConclusionsThe present study suggests a higher incidence of flap related complications in smokers when a perforator flap was selected but no impact when a muscle flap was utilized.
Konjac Glucomannan Oligosaccharides Prevent Intestinal Inflammation Through SIGNR1‐Mediated Regulation of Alternatively Activated Macrophages
Authors: Tang Jiqing , Liu Jun , Yan Qiaojuan , Gu Zhenglong , August Avery , Huang Weishan , Jiang Zhengqiang 
Published: August 2021

ScopeKonjac glucomannan oligosaccharides (KMOS) are prebiotics and may improve intestinal immunity through modulation of macrophage function. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms were unclear.Methods and ResultsUsing a mouse model of dextran sulfated sodium (DSS)‐induced acute colitis, the study demonstrates here that KMOS (400 mg−1kg−1d−1) can ameliorate intestinal inflammation in a macrophage dependent manner. Oral exposure to KMOS prevents DSS‐induced intestinal pathology, improves epithelial integrity, and decreases accumulation of colonic inflammatory leukocytes and cytokines. The therapeutic effects of KMOS are dependent on the function of macrophages, as depletion of macrophages abolished the effects. In colonic lamina propria of DSS‐treated mice, as well as in vitro culture of bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs), KMOS skews reprogramming of classically activated macrophages (CAM/M1) into alternatively activated macrophages (AAM/M2). The study further determines that the activation of SIGNR1/phospho‐c‐Raf (S338)/phospho‐p65 (S276)/acetyl‐p65 (K310) pathway is responsible for KMOS‐induced AAM/M2 polarization. Blockage of SIGNR1 abolishes KMOS‐induced AAM/M2 polarization of activated macrophages, expression of phospho‐p65 (S276) in colonic macrophages, and alleviation of DSS‐induced colitis in mice, suggesting that SIGNR1 is critical for macrophage responses to KMOS.ConclusionsThis study reveals a SIGNR1‐mediated macrophage‐dependent pathway that supports regulatory function of KMOS in host immunity and intestinal homeostasis.
Virtual multi‐dimensional internal bonds model with fracture energy conservation for three‐dimensional numerical simulation of laboratory scale fluid pressurized fracturing
Authors: Huang Kai , Zhang Zhennan , Ghassemi Ahmad 
Published: August 2021

AbstractStrain‐softening models have proved effective in treating fracturing under mechanical load. However, these models tend to suffer from mesh‐size dependency due to failure in preserving the fracture energy. The Virtual Multi‐Dimensional Internal Bond Model (VMIB) is derived from a particle‐based constitutive law at the micro scale that is implemented in a 3D Finite Element Method (FEM), in which material softening and energy dissipation occur in the “representative elementary volume”. However, according to the classic fracture mechanics theory, energy dissipation is due to the creation of new fracture surfaces instead of homogenized softening within the volume element. Therefore, the dissipated strain energy has to be consistent with the fracture energy during failure process. We present an improved VMIB model to bridge the energy storage in a volume and dissipation over a fracture surface. This is accomplished by developing a 3D virtual bond potential that incorporates the material fracture energy and eliminates the mesh‐size sensitivity. The virtual bond potential considers both the critical fracture energy and element size. The 3D model is calibrated and verified simulations of a group of three‐point‐bend tests. Then, by incorporating the coupled three‐dimensional element partition method, the model is applied to a series of laboratory scale fluid pressurized fracturing experiments. Multiple fracture propagation from closely‐staged cluster from a laboratory test is simulated. The comparisons between numerical and experimental results indicate that the model captures the fractures growth influenced by the stress boundary conditions and the stress shadow. The predicted breakdown pressure reasonably agrees with the experiment data.
Machine learning based topology optimization of fiber orientation for variable stiffness composite structures
Authors: Xu Yanan , Gao Yunkai , Wu Chi , Fang Jianguang , Sun Guangyong , Steven Grant P. , Li Qing 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThis study proposes a machine learning (ML) based approach for optimizing fiber orientations of variable stiffness carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) structures, where neural networks are developed to estimate the objective function and analytical sensitivities with respect to design variables as a substitute for finite element analysis (FEA). To reduce the number of training samples and improve the regression accuracy, an active learning strategy is implemented by successively supplying effective samples along with the suboptimal process. After proper training of neural networks, a quasi‐global search strategy can be applied by implementing a large number of initial designs as starting points in the optimization. In this article, a mathematical example is first presented to show the superiority of the active learning strategy. Then a benchmark design example of a CFRP plate is scrutinized to compare the proposed ML‐based with the conventional FEA‐based discrete material optimization (DMO) method. Finally, topology optimization of fiber orientations is performed for design of a CFRP engine hood, in which the structural performance generated from the proposed ML‐based approach achieves 12.62% improvement compared with that obtained from the conventional single‐initial design method. This article is anticipated to demonstrate a new alternative for design of fiber‐reinforced composite structures.
Late‐onset PTSD and coping strategies for frontline nurses during the COVID‐19 epidemic in China
Authors: Jiang Yongfang , Hu Bowen , Tu Baoren , Zhuang Quan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo evaluate the late‐onset post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) situation, coping strategies and social supports for frontline clinical nurses 6 months after involvement in fighting against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID–19) outbreak in China.DesignA cross‐sectional design.MethodsWe recently randomly distributed a questionnaire online to Chinese nurses who had taken care of COVID‐19 patients since the end of January 2020. The questionnaire was made up of three professional scales, the impact of event scale‐revised, simplified coping style questionnaire and social support rating scale included.ResultsThe general prevalence of late‐onset PTSD among frontline nurses was 88.19%. Nurses who worked in Hubei Province (the kindle place of the COVID‐19 outbreak) showed lower risk of late‐onset PTSD symptoms than those who did not. We also found that positive coping strategies were correlated with less late‐onset PTSD symptoms. Meanwhile, getting more social supports could help these nurses to obtain positive coping strategies.