bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRACES OF THE ANCIENT PATHS IN THE STEPPE TAVRIA
Authors: Boltryk Yu. V. , Karyaka O. V. 
Published: November 2021

The original appearance of the steppe surface of the southern part of the eastern European plane was transformed by the centuries of the anthropogenic impact. Along with feather grass the traces of the ancient roads have disappeared. However, the satellite images still detect the areas around some kurhans having kept the waggons traces. We can recognize them due to the different color of vegetation as well as by the coloration of the open soil. The antiquity of the roads near kurhans is witnessed by the cases of tracks, covered by the burial mounds, that were erected in the Bronze Age. An additional indicator of the ancient transport network on the maps of the 19th century are wells or groups of pits in the open steppe, the number of which should be associated with the need to water a large number of cattle. The latter occurred during the arrival of a trade caravan or a train of wagons. The kurhans themselves are an ancient form of mass cult buildings in the Eurasian steppe, which have attracted both large main and secondary roads. Powerful tradition of building kurhans, fading and restoring through times, existed from the Eneolithic to the late Middle Ages. The appearance of new mounds or the completion of existing ones periodically renewed the system of landmarks in the monotonous steppe.
The paper provides an overview of previously unknown megastructures near the Scythian giant kurhans of Oguz and Chortomlyk, which in the form of light parallel stripes are recorded on satellite images. These stripes are probably traces of trenches or the foot of stone alleys, that were found to the east of the edge of the Oguz and outreached 800—850 m, and from Chortomlyk — 670 m. A search on various satellite images of the similar light stripes near other kurhans did not yield positive results. However, in the central part of the Dnieper-Molocha steppe region, satellite images luckily detected 19 nodes (intersections) of ancient ways connected to the kurhans’ mounds. Some of these nodes do yet not fit the complete road network of the region. But six of these nodes appear to be in the area of the route of the ancient path, known in the Middle Ages as Muravsky (Murava Route). It leaded from the Don basin, through the left (eastern) part of the basin of the Dnipro River to Crimea through the Isthmus of Perekop. Interestingly, this branch of the Muravsky Trail crosses the Sirogozy ravine between the kurhans of Kozel and Oguz. In previous reconstructions of the transport network, the option of passing this branch in the south of the Oguz, between the giant embankment and Diyiv kurhan, was preferred. The other three intersections lie in the lane of the old Chumaks’ Way or the Crimean Way, marking a forty-kilometer section between kurhans Kozel and Velyka Tsymbalka. From the center of the Tavria Steppe at least four directions of paths emerge towards the ancient Dnipro fords-crossings: Rogachytsia, Lepetych, Cair (Nosakiv) and Kіzikermen (Tavan).
«THE HEADLESS HORSEMAN». THE SKYTHIAN GRAVE IN THE BARROW NEAR KUSTORIVKA VILLAGE
Authors: Kozak O. D. , Okatenko V. M. , Bitkovska T. V. 
Published: November 2021

In 2013 near Kustorivka village of Krasnokutsky district, Kharkov region the Scythian burial mound (5th—4th centuries BC.) was excavated. The inserted burial of a beheaded man has been discovered there. Fragments of horse bones, horse harness, numerous arrowheads, the spearhead and knife were unearthed in the grave. Funeral inventory dates the burial to the 2nd half or the end of 5th — the early 4th century BC.
The grave goods allowed us to suggest that the man was a horseman and possessed a bow with arrows, javelin or lance. These assumptions have been confirmed by anthropological studies of the development of muscles relief, injuries and specific skeletal markers. The skeleton showed clear signs of a horseman’ and archer’ osteological complexes.
The man died at the age of 20—25. The skull, first and second cervical vertebrae were absent in the undisturbed burial. The upper part of the left intervertebral condyle of the 3rd vertebra was cut off by the hit from left behind and below. These signs are evidence of decapitation. In addition, numerous cut marks made with a sharp blade were found on the anterior and lateral surfaces of the 3rd and 4th cervical vertebrae, as well as on the left femur above the knee. Thus could be the signs of the body cleaning of waste tissue for its transportation or in course of the preparation for the burial.
Studies of the horse’s remains showed that it has deceased at the age of 10—12 years. The horse was decapitated as well by the hit directed between first and second cervical vertebra. The head was also cut in half and only one part of it was present in the burial. There were also some bones of the animal’s skeleton, which do not belong to the edible parts of the body. The severed head of the horse was located above the place where the man’s head was supposed to be, thus the horse harness was situated on the level of the human skeleton.
Traces of the possible preparation of the human body for burial and the location of the remains of a horse over a lost human head along with other changes in the skeleton indicate a certain funeral rite, direct analogies of which have not yet been found in the North Pontic region.
X-Rays from V723 Mon are due to Optical Loading in Swift XRT
Authors: Hare Jeremy , Kargaltsev Oleg , Cenko S. Bradley , Klingler Noel J. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
V723 Mon was recently reported to be hosting the nearest (d = 460 pc) candidate black hole by Jayasinghe et al. An X-ray detection was claimed based on deep Swift XRT observations with a luminosity of L
X ≈ 8 × 1029 erg s−1 or L
X/L
Edd ≈ 10−9. Here we show that the X-ray photons detected by Swift XRT are due to optical loading from the bright (V = 8.3 mag) star. Using events in the 2–10 keV energy band, where optical loading does not strongly contribute, we find a 3σ upper-limit on the unabsorbed 2–10 keV X-ray flux of F
X < 2.8 × 10−14 erg cm−2 s−1, corresponding to a luminosity L
X < 7.2 × 1029 erg s−1 at a distance of 460 pc or L
X/L
Edd ≲ 2 × 10−9 for a M ≈ 3M
⊙ black hole.
Offrandes alimentaires en Italie du Sud : le témoignage des terres cuites en milieu funéraire
Authors: Meirano Valeria 
Published: November 2021

Dans le monde grec ainsi que dans les contextes indigènes de l’Italie méridionale, la coroplathie joue un rôle dans le rituel funéraire, soit dans la composition des mobiliers, soit au cours des cérémonies qui avaient lieu durant et après l’enterrement. Malgré leur occurrence limitée dans la majorité des nécropoles par rapport à d’autres offrandes, plusieurs recherches récentes ont mis en évidence la façon dont ces objets contribuaient à la « construction » de l’identité du défunt, surtout en relation avec le genre et les classes d’âge. Parmi ces artefacts, les reliefs et les figurines portant des offrandes alimentaires, ainsi que les petits modèles reproduisant des aliments, constituent un sujet d’étude à part entière. Associée aux données relevant des realia et à d’autres sources documentaires – telles que les textes littéraires et épigraphiques, l’iconographie véhiculée par la céramique figurée, etc. –, l’étude de ces objets contribue à éclairer un aspect important de l’univers lié à la mort, grâce aussi à la comparaison avec la « nourriture symbolique » attestée dans les espaces sacrés. L’article propose quelques réflexions sur la présence de ces terres cuites dans les nécropoles grecques et indigènes de l’Italie du Sud, visant à saisir la façon dont ces offrandes participaient de la stratégie funéraire et de la performance rituelle, ainsi que les différentes valeurs revêtues selon leurs contextes spécifiques.
Respiratory mechanics behavior after heart surgery: an experimental study
Authors: Lima Francisco José Nascimento , Avena Katia de Miranda , Duarte Helder  Brito , Mendes Kristine Menezes Barberino , Gomes Yasmin Silva , Feijó Luciana Ferreira , Olivieri Flávia Milholo 
Published: November 2021

Changes in ventilatory mechanics and their consequent pulmonary complications are common after surgical procedures, particularly in cardiac surgery (CS), and may be associated with both preoperative history and surgical circumstances. This study aims to compare ventilatory mechanics in the moments before and after cardiac surgery (CS), describing how pulmonary complications occurred. An experimental, uncontrolled study was conducted, of the before-and-after type, and with a descriptive and analytical character. It was carried out in a private hospital in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, and involved 30 adult patients subjected to CS. In addition to clinical and epidemiological variables, minute volume (VE), respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (VT), forced vital capacity (FVC), maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) were also recorded. Data were collected in the following moments: preoperative (PRE-OP) period, immediate postoperative (IPO) period, and 1st postoperative day (1st POD). The sample was aged 48.1 ± 11.8 years old and had a body mass index of 25.5 ± 4.9 kg m-2; 60% of the patients remained on mechanical ventilation for less than 24 hours (17.5 [8.7-22.9] hours). There was a significant reduction in VT, FVC, MIP and PEF when PRE-OP versus IPO, and PRE-OP versus 1st POD were compared (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes between IPO and the 1st POD. The highest incidence of pulmonary complications involved pleural effusion (50% of the patients). This study showed that patients subjected to CS present significant damage to ventilatory parameters after the surgery, especially in the IPO period and on the 1st POD. It is possible that the extension of this ventilatory impairment has led to the onset of postoperative pulmonary complications.
Customer Acceptance and Service Continuation Intention of the Touch Travel Pass Terminals in Sri Lanka
Authors: Lakmal D.N.E. 
Published: November 2021

The Touch travel pass system is introduced to the Sri Lankan market with the intention of automating the traditional bus ticketing mechanism. After five years of the product introduction, it is revealed that there are less acceptance and service continuation intention amongst the terminal users. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of customer acceptance and service continuation intention of touch travel pass terminals in Sri Lanka. This study employs a quantitative methodology and survey strategy. Primary data was gathered from a sample of 150 bus owners and 150 bus conductors using a structured questionnaire utilizing a systematic random sampling technique. The theoretical framework and hypotheses were developed based on previous literature. The independent sample t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression models were used through SPSS software in testing the hypotheses. Perceived usefulness, social influence, and trust show a significant positive impact on customer acceptance. Trust shows a higher impact on customer acceptance than the other determinants. Further, the findings disclose that demographic factors such as gender, age, marital status, and education do not show any significant impact on customer acceptance and service continuation. Moreover, it is implied that the perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and government influence have a significant impact on service continuation intention. Government influence shows a higher impact on service continuation intention than the other determinants. The management should focus more on perceived trust, social influence and perceived usefulness in enhancing customer acceptance. Further, the marketers should focus more on perceived usefulness, ease of use, and government influence in enhancing the service continuation. Moreover, the government should also focus on developing a mandatory requirement for the use of travel pass for the enhancement of both customer acceptance and the service continuation. Further, the government should develop the necessary infrastructure facilities to smoothen the process. This study is the first to investigate the factors affecting customer acceptance and service continuation of touch travel pass terminals in the Sri Lankan context.
Impact of Firm-Specific News Releases on Share Prices in Bank, Finance and Insurance Sectors of Colombo Stock Exchange
Authors: Banda Y.K. Weerakoon , Yeshani G.G.S. 
Published: November 2021

This paper examines the impact of firm-specific news releases on share price changes in bank, finance, and insurance sectors of the Sri Lankan stock market: Colombo Stock Exchange (CSE). The data is gathered from the CSE data base and annual reports for the daily share prices, All Share Price Index (ASPI), and news releases for the period from January 2017 to December 2018. Two types of analysis were performed to identify the impact of firm-specific news releases on share prices, namely an individual company level analysis and industry level analysis. The findings of both the analysis indicate that relationship between firm specific information releases and changes in share prices is statistically insignificant except for dividend announcements. Further, research in this area is needed to substantiate the findings of this study using subcategories of the firm specific news releases.
Homocysteine and C-reactive Protein Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Gözüküçük Murat , Gürsoy Aslı Yarcı , Destegül Emre , Taşkın Salih , Şatıroğlu Hakan 
Published: November 2021

Objectives:
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in infertile women characterized by both reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions of different degrees. Furthermore, it has been associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and related long-term health sequela. The aim of this study is to evaluate serum homocysteine (Hcy) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in women with PCOS and to evaluate their relationship with clinical and laboratory parameters in women with PCOS.

Materials and Methods:
The prospective single-center study included 45 women with PCOS (study group) and 41 control subjects. Demographic variables and Hcy, CRP, fasting blood glucose, insulin, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol, total and free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, and lipid profiles of the subjects were recorded. homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) indexes were calculated.

Results:
Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, free and total testosterone levels, and clinical hirsutism were significantly higher in the study group. There was no statistically significant difference in lipid profile between groups. Hcy and CRP levels were higher in the study group, which was not statistically significantly different (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:
Some of the parameters that are correlated with CVD risk were found to be higher in women with PCOS, although the difference for Hcy and CRP did not reach statistical significance. However, the current study reveals that the CVD risk associated with PCOS deserves more comprehensive prospective studies with long-term outcomes.
Mathematical Modelling of Dynamics of HIV Transmission Depicting the Importance of Counseling and Treatment
Authors: Ibrahim I.A. , Daniel E.E. , Danhausa A.A. , Adamu M.U. , Shawalu C.J. , Yusuf A. 
Published: November 2021

Human immunodeficiency virus is an incurable disease which attacks and destroys the human immunesystem thereby making the body susceptible to all kinds of illnesses. If left unattended to, it can lead to the damaging ofbody organs such as the brain, kidney and the heart which can result to death. Unfortunately this disease has no knowncure till date but through counseling and administering of antiretroviral drugs, the likelihood of dying from it becomesminimal. This study presents the deterministic HIV transmission model. The model has a unique endemic equilibrium point which is locally asymptotically stable if R0 > 1 , DFE of the model was obtained and is shown to be Localasymptotically stable when the associated basic reproduction number was R > 1. We established the numerical simulation of the model which shows that the effective use of condom, counseling or the use of anti-retrovirus drug can lead to effective reduction on HIV transmission. Finally, we discussed that the ART treatment rate will reduce the basic reproduction number R0 hence, leading to the extinction of HIV/AIDS.
Mothers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Prevention of Diarrhea among Children: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Shanta Farzana Ferdousi , Sharmin Afroza , Bithi Ishrat Jahan 
Published: November 2021

The descriptive type of cross-sectional study was carried out to find out the mothers’ knowledge, attitude and practice regarding the prevention of diarrhea among children at Kamarpara Slum Area, Dhaka. In this study, 110 mothers were interviewed. It was found from the current study that the age distribution of the study population, out of total 110 respondents, 46.4% of the respondents belongs to the age group 20-29 years. The study showed that only 47.3% of women have completed primary education, majority of the respondents (69.1%) lived in kacha house, above half of the respondents (62.7%) agreed that diarrhea means passage of loose or watery stools >3 times in 24 hours, majority of the respondents (46.4%) got information from TV, most of the respondent’s children (88.2%) suffered from diarrhea, most of the respondents (70.9%) had given EBF to their child during diarrhea where as 29.1% didn’t practice EBF during diarrhea. Most of the respondents (79.1%) were aware about the causes of diarrhea,74.5% respondents had knowledge on danger signs of diarrhea, 25.5% didn’t know about danger signs of diarrhea.85.5% respondents said that diarrhea can be prevented by drinking clean water.75.5% respondents said that hand washing prevents diarrhea,46.4% respondents drinks water from Tube-well, majority of the respondents (55.5%) used sanitary latrine, 36.4% used non-sanitary latrine,20% respondents didn’t wash their hands properly,33.6% washed their hands with plain water,58.2% respondents placing child’s stool in toilet, 87.3% respondents gave ORS to their child during diarrhea, more than half of the respondents didn’t know the preservation time of ORS, only 22.7% said the preservation time of ORSis10-12 hours. 81.8% of the respondents cut nail timely. In conclusion the knowledge of mothers on diarrhea was poor there is a need for extensive educational interventions of mothers about childhood diarrhea to reduce the suffering from dehydration of children.
Türkiye'de Bir Çocuk Acil Servisindeki COVID-19 Tanılı Çocukların Klinik Özellikleri
Authors: KILINÇ Derya , ÇAĞLAR Seda 
Published: November 2021

Giriş: Dünyada pandemiye yol açan COVID-19 hastalığının klinik özelliklerinin anlaşılması, hastalığın kontrol altına alınması açısından önemlidir.Amaç: Çalışma çocuk acil servisine başvuran COVID-19 tanılı hastaların klinik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı.Yöntem: Retrospektif tipteki araştırmanın evrenini 11 Mart 2020 - 1 Temmuz 2020 tarihleri arasında, İstanbul’daki bir hastanenin çocuk acil servisine COVID-19 şüphesi ile başvuran hastalar (N = 183), örneklemini ise Polymerase Chain Reaction test sonucu pozitif çıkan 1 ay-18 yaş arasındaki tüm çocuklar (n = 30) oluşturdu. Verilerin analizinde, tanımlayıcı istatistiksel yöntemler kullanıldı.Bulgular: Araştırmanın yapıldığı çocuk acil servisine COVID-19 şüphesi ile 183 hastanın başvurduğu, bu hastaların %16,39'unun (n = 30) Polymerase Chain Reaction testi sonucunun pozitif olduğu belirlendi. Polymerase Chain Reaction test sonucu pozitif olan çocukların %50'sinin erkek, %50’sinin kız, yaş ortalamalarının 7,2 ± 5,41 yıl (Minimum-Maksimum: 53 gün-17 yaş) olduğu, %96,7’sinin ailesinde de pozitif vaka bulunduğu belirlendi. Çocukların klinik belirtileri ateş (%53,3), öksürük (%36,7), halsizlik (%30), baş ağrısı (%13,3), tat duyusu kaybı (%10) idi. Klinik belirtiler asemptomatik (%16,7), hafif (%70) ve orta (%13,3) şiddette idi.Sonuç: Çocuklarda COVID-19 tanısı alma sıklığının düşük olduğu, hastalığın hafif bulgular ile seyrettiği, en sık görülen bulguların ateş ve öksürük olduğu belirlendi.
BOAT-SHAPED COFFIN DALAM GUA KAIN HITAM (PAINTED CAVE) NIAH, SARAWAK
Authors: Kimwah Junior , Ibrahim Ismail , Hj Baharudin Mohd Arus  
Published: November 2021

Artikel ini membincangkan artifak boat-shaped coffin atau keranda berbentuk perahu yang terdapat di dalam Gua Kain Hitam (Painted Cave) Niah, Sarawak. Artifak berbentuk perahu ini dipercayai digunakan sebagai keranda pada suatu ketika dahulu. Keranda ini dipercayai dihasilkan oleh masyarakat neolitik yang menghuni sekitar Gua Kain Hitam pada ketika itu. Upacara kematian yang diamalkan ini bersifat primary burial. Mayat disimpan di dalam keranda perahu sehingga reput sepenuhnya. Kemudian, baki tulang tersebut ditanam di tapak pengebumian lain yang terletak di Gua Kain Hitam II. Penyelidikan ini menekankan kaedah pemerhatian secara langsung di lapangan. Subjek penyelidikan difoto dan direkodkan secara terperinci melalui fotografi dan buku lakaran. Hasil penyelidikan ini menjelaskan reka bentuk dan fungsi serta kegunaan boat-shaped coffin pada suatu ketika dahulu. Hasil analisis kandungan terhadap hubung kait keranda dan lukisan gua prasejarah yang ditemui menunjukkan ruangan Gua Kain Hitam berfungsi sebagai death chamber. Justeru, penyelidikan ini dapat mendokumentasi dan memelihara artifak secara kolektif untuk tatapan masyarakat akan datang.

This article discusses on boat-shaped coffin artefacts found in the Painted Cave of Niah, Sarawak. This boat-shaped artefact is believed have been used as a caoffin in the past. The coffin is believed have been maded by the neolithic people who lived around the Painted Cave at that time. This ritual of death is a primary burial. The body was stored in the boat’s coffin until it was completely decomposed. The remains were then buried at another burial site, located in the Painted Cave II. This research emphasizes the method of direct observation in the field. The research subjects were photographed and recorded in detail through photography and sketches. The results of this research explain the design and function and use of boat-shaped coffins in the past. The results of the analysis from the contents of the coffin linkages and prehistoric cave drawings found that the Painted Cave spaces served as a death chamber. As such, this research can document and conserve artefacts collectively for the public to see.