bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Niche partitioning of low‐light adapted Prochlorococcus subecotypes across oceanographic gradients of the North Pacific Subtropical Front
Authors: Thompson Anne W. , Kouba Kathleen , Ahlgren Nathan A. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus is the most abundant photosynthetic cell on Earth and contributes to global ocean carbon cycling and food webs. Prochlorococcus is known for its extensive diversity that falls into two groups of ecotypes, the low‐light (LL) and high‐light (HL) adapted ecotypes. Previous work has shown niche partitioning of the very abundant HL adapted ecotypes and subecotypes across oceanographic gradients including temperature, nutrients, and day length. However, niche partitioning of subecotypes within the LL adapted ecotypes has not been studied as well because they are less abundant and less accessible than surface, HL populations. Through high‐throughput, cyanobacterial‐specific, sequencing of high‐resolution depth profiles from three stations across the North Pacific Subtropical Front, we discovered extensive diversity and strong latitudinal partitioning of subecotype populations within LL ecotypes, in contrast to fairly consistent patterns at the broader level of LL Prochlorococcus ecotypes. These results indicate that both shallow and deep‐water processes shape microbial community structure in this region despite strong connectivity in microbial communities across the North Pacific Subtropical Front, supported by a few HL and LL sequences found ubiquitously across stations. This study expands understanding of the diversity and complexity of Prochlorococcus community structure over oceanographic gradients.
Cardiac efficacy and toxicity of aconitine: A new frontier for the ancient poison
Authors: Zhou Wei , Liu Hong , Qiu Li‐Zhen , Yue Lan‐Xin , Zhang Guang‐Jie , Deng Hui‐Fang , Ni Yu‐Hao , Gao Yue 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAconitine (AC) is well‐known as the main toxic ingredient and active compound of Aconitum species, of which several aconites are essential herbal medicines of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and widely applied to treat diverse diseases for their excellent anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, and cardiotonic effects. However, the cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity of AC attracted a lot of attention and made it a favorite botanic poison in history. Nowadays, the narrow therapeutic window of AC limits the clinical application of AC‐containing herbal medicines; overdosing on AC always induces ventricular tachyarrhythmia and heart arrest, both of which are potentially lethal. But the underlying cardiotoxic mechanisms remained chaos. Recently, beyond its cardiotoxic effects, emerging evidence shows that low doses of AC or its metabolites could generate cardioprotective effects and are necessary to aconite's clinical efficacy. Consistent with TCM's theory that even toxic substances are powerful medicines, AC thus could not be simply identified as a toxicant or a drug. To prevent cardiotoxicity while digging the unique value of AC in cardiac pharmacology, there exists a huge urge to better know the characteristic of AC being a cardiotoxic agent or a potential heart drug. Here, this article reviews the advances of AC metabolism and focuses on the latest mechanistic findings of cardiac efficacy and toxicity of this aconite alkaloid or its metabolites. We also discuss how to prevent AC‐related cardiotoxicity, as well as the issues before the development of AC‐based medicines that should be solved, to provide new insight into the paradoxical nature of this ancient poison.
Identification of two novel homozygous nonsense mutations in TRAPPC9 in two unrelated consanguineous families with intellectual Disability from Iran
Authors: Yousefipour Farideh , Mozhdehipanah Hossein , Mahjoubi Frouzandeh 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTBackgroundPathogenic mutations in TRAPPC9 are associated with autosomal recessive Intellectual Disability (ID), a major public health issue that affects about 1–3% of children worldwide.MethodClinical evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging, peripheral blood karyotype, Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA), array CGH, and whole‐exome sequencing were used to characterize etiology in three patients from two unrelated consanguineous families of Iranian descent with intellectual disability.ResultsWhole‐exome sequencing showed two novel homozygous nonsense mutations (c.937C>T) in exon 3 and (c.3103C>T) in exon 19 of TRAPPC9 (NM_031466.7) in two unrelated consanguineous families.ConclusionThe two novel variants found in TRAPPC9 caused truncated protein and clinical manifestations such as ID, developmental delay, microcephaly, and brain abnormalities in three patients.
Prevalence of childhood trauma and its association with lower urinary tract symptoms in women and men in the LURN study
Authors: Geynisman‐Tan Julia , Helmuth Margaret , Smith Abigail R. , Lai H. Henry , Amundsen Cindy L. , Bradley Catherine S. , Mueller Margaret G. , Lewicky‐Gaupp Christina , Harte Steven E. , Jelovsek J. Eric ,   The Symptoms of Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction Research Network (LURN) Study Group
Published: January 2021

AbstractAimsTo describe the association between childhood traumas (death of a family member, severe illness, sexual trauma, parental separation) reported by women and men and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).MethodsIn this secondary analysis of the Lower Urinary Tract Research Network Observational Cohort Study, participants completed the LUTS tool, childhood trauma events scale (CTES), PROMIS depression and anxiety and perceived stress scale. LUTS tool responses were combined to quantify urinary urgency, frequency, incontinence, and overall LUTS severity. Multivariable linear regression tested associations between trauma and LUTS; mental health scores were tested for potential mediation.ResultsIn this cohort (n = 1011; 520 women, 491 men), more women reported experiencing at least one trauma (75% vs. 64%, p < .001), greater than three traumas (26% vs. 15%, p < .001), and childhood sexual trauma (23% vs. 7%, p < .001), and reported higher impact from traumatic events compared with men (median [interquartile rnage] CTES score = 10 [5–15] vs. 6 [4–12], p < .001). The number of childhood traumatic events was not associated with severity of overall LUTS (p = .79), urinary frequency (p = .75), urgency (p = .61), or incontinence (p = .21). Childhood sexual trauma was significantly associated with higher incontinence severity (adjusted mean difference 4.5 points, 95% confidence interval= 1.11–7.88, p = .009). Mental health was a mediator between trauma and LUTS among those with at least one childhood trauma.ConclusionAlthough total childhood trauma is not associated with LUTS, childhood sexual trauma is associated with urinary incontinence severity. For patients with childhood trauma, half of the effect of CTE Impact score on overall LUTS severity is mediated through the association between trauma and the patient's mental health.
Selinexor, a First in Class, Nuclear Export Inhibitor for the Treatment of Advanced Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor
Authors: Al-Ezzi Esmail , Gounder Mrinal , Watson Geoffrey , Mazzocca Alessandro , D'Angelo Sandra P. , Bravetti Julie , Wang Hongwei , Abdul Razak Albiruni , Vincenzi Bruno 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a highly malignant neoplasm arising from peripheral nerve or its attendant sheath and is derived from Schwann or pluripotent cells of neural crest origin. Patients with recurrent, unresectable, or advanced stage disease have limited treatment options, and current therapies are associated with little benefit. In this article, we report nine cases of MPNST treated with selinexor, an orally bioavailable, selective inhibitor of nuclear export, accompanied by tumor stabilization or regression.
The self‐esteem implicit association test is valid: Evidence from brain activity
Authors: Cai Huajian , Wu Lili 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA distinct challenge of implicit self‐esteem research is the dubious validity of measures for implicit self‐esteem. We conducted two event‐related potential (ERP) studies to examine whether implicit self‐esteem measured by the Implicit Association Test (IAT) actually reflects the automatic self‐evaluation. We adopted the regular IAT and the Go/No‐go Association Task (GNAT), respectively, to measure implicit self‐esteem in two studies. We focused on the P300 that reflects the stimulus evaluation process. Study 1 revealed that participants responded faster to self pairing with good than to self pairing with bad whereas self pairing with bad elicited a delayed P300 compared with self pairing with good. Study 2 replicated these findings and further highlighted that the index of implicit self‐esteem based on reaction time is correlated with that based on P300 latency. Our results suggest that implicit self‐esteem assessed by the IAT measures automatic self‐evaluation, thus providing neural evidence for the validity of implicit self‐esteem.
Large‐scale connection to deadly Indian heatwaves
Authors: Rao V. Brahmananda , Rao K. Koteswara , Mahendranath B. , Lakshmi Kumar T. V. , Govardhan D. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn the present study, we analyse large‐scale connections to deadly heatwaves in India in spring. Deadly Indian heatwaves occur in the spring months of April and May, and are increasing in recent years. These events are associated with the amplification of planetary Rossby waves. This amplification is called quasi‐resonant amplification (QRA). An increase of amplitude or resonance occurs when stationary and moving waves coincide in their size. Previous studies stressed QRA's role in summer because persistent extreme weather events such as the 2003 European heatwave, the 2010 Pakistan flood, Russian heatwave, the 2011 Texas and Oklahoma heat waves, and drought occurred in summer. QRA seems to be related to the amplification of Arctic warming in winter and summer, but observations show that Arctic warming occurs in spring also. The novel aspect of our study is that we found strong evidence for QRA in the boreal spring, the season of Indian heatwaves. Amplified Arctic warming or Arctic amplification thought to be responsible for QRA occurs in spring also. Our results confirm that maximum surface temperatures in spring over India show predictability with high statistical significance, about 4 days ahead. Maximum surface temperatures can be used to predict heatwaves, as shown earlier by some authors.
Quantum‐chemical study of octafluoro‐spirobi[triphosphazene]
Authors: Gall Marian , Breza Martin 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe geometries of monocharged and neutral octafluoro‐spirobi[triphosphazene] in singlet, doublet and/or triplet ground spin states were optimized. Their electronic structures are investigated in terms of quantum theory of atoms‐in‐molecules and compared with neutral hexafluorocyclotriphosphazene. The change of the total molecular charge implies mainly the change of the properties of the nitrogen atoms which are bonded to the central spiro‐phosphorus atom. The charged systems in singlet spin states have stable structures ofD2dsymmetry only unlike the remaining structures ofC2symmetry within two geometry types. The existence of the less symmetric structures can be fully explained as a consequence of the (pseudo‐) Jahn–Teller effect.
Event‐driven adaptive near‐optimal tracking control of the robot in aircraft skin inspection
Authors: Wu Xuewei , Wang Congqing 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this article, we discuss a near‐optimal tracking control problem (NOTCP) of robots used for inspecting aircraft skin with partially unknown systems, unmeasurable states, unknown disturbances, and unknown output delay. A novel observer based on an augmented neural network is designed to overcome the unknown disturbances, unknown output delay, and unknown internal states. An augmented system state, composed of the tracking error and reference system state, is proposed to introduce a new nonquadratic discounted performance function for the NOTCP. Due to the complexity in solving the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation, an online policy iteration is presented under the adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) framework. Unlike the traditional ADP, the event‐driven algorithm updates the control input only when the event is triggered, which reduces the computational cost and transmission load. Both the control policy and the observer are updated according to the developed triggering condition. Convergence to a near‐optimal control solution and the stability analysis of the proposed algorithm are shown through the Lyapunov candidate function for both the continuous and jump dynamics. The performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by simulation.
The optical river bathymetry toolkit
Authors: Legleiter Carl J. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractSpatially distributed information on water depth is essential for many applications in river research and management and, under certain circumstances, can be inferred from remotely sensed data. Although fluvial remote sensing has emerged as a rapidly developing subdiscipline of the riverine sciences, more widespread adoption of these techniques has been hindered by a lack of accessible software. The Optical River Bathymetry Toolkit (ORByT) fills this void by providing a standalone package for mapping water depth from passive optical image data. The ORByT interface enables end users to import images and field‐based depth measurements, create and refine water masks, and perform spectrally based depth retrieval via an Optimal Band Ratio Analysis algorithm. The resulting bathymetric map can be exported as an image file, point cloud, and/or cross section; a thorough accuracy assessment also is incorporated into the workflow. In addition, image‐derived depth estimates can be subtracted from water surface elevations to obtain bed elevations suitable for input to a hydrodynamic model. Potential users of ORByT must bear in mind the inherent limitations of passive optical remote sensing: reliable bathymetry can only be inferred in clear‐flowing, shallow streams; this approach is not appropriate for more turbid, deeper rivers.
Interface Engineering of Flexible Piezoresistive Sensors via Near‐Field Electrospinning Processed Spacer Layers
Authors: Huang Yan , You Xiangyu , Tang Zhiqiang , Tong Kai‐Yu , Guo Ping , Zhao Ni 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe interface contact between the active material and its neighboring metal electrodes dominates the sensing response of mainstream high‐sensitivity piezoresistive pressure sensors. However, the properties of such interface are often difficult to control and preserve owing to the limited strategies to precisely engineer the surface structure and mechanical property of the active material. Here, a top‐down fabrication method to create a grid‐like polyurethane fiber‐based spacer layer at the interface between a piezoresistive layer and its contact electrodes is proposed. The tuning of the period and thickness of the spacer layer is conveniently achieved by a programmable near‐field electrospinning process, and the influence of the spacer structure on the sensing performance is systematically investigated. The sensor with the optimized spacer layer shows a widened sensing range (230 kPa) while maintaining a high sensitivity (1.91 kPa−1). Furthermore, the output current fluctuation of the sensors during a 74 000‐cycle test is drastically reduced from 14.28% (without a spacer) to 3.63% (with a spacer), demonstrating greatly enhanced long‐term reliability. The new near‐field electrospinning‐based strategy is capable of tuning sensor responses without changing the active material, providing a universal and scalable path to engineer the performances of contact‐dominant sensors.
Techno‐Functional Properties of Cheese Breads with Native and Modified Cassava Starch Produced in an Industrial System
Authors: Dariva Ronei C. , Bucior Daniele , Colet Rosicler , Fernandes Ilizandra A. , Hassemer Guilherme S. , Miotto Shana P. S. , Cansian Rogério L. , Zeni Jamile , Backes Geciane T. , Valduga Eunice 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the influence of combined use of native cassava starch (CS) and modified cassava starches (MCS) on the quality of cheese bread formulations processed and frozen in an industrial system. The techno‐functional properties are evaluated on the dough and pieces of bread after baking. The formulation with the highest amylose content (28 wt%) and relatively smaller granule size (14–32 µm) contributes to the viscosity of the mass (1614 centipoise(cP)) and to the expansion rate (1.47) and compressive strength (17.5 N) of the cheese bread, which increases product quality, as consumers expect cheese bread to be lightweight. Furthermore, acceptability is correlated positively with the compressive strength (r = 0.761), moisture (r = 0.908), and negatively with the overall density (r = −0.994). The use of acetylated and pre‐gelatinized modified starches contributed positively to the properties during the bun's production, such as texture, softness, and compact crumbs, as well as a little number of alveoli with no network formation and not requiring scalding. Cassava starches have a definitive role in the industrial production of cheese bread buns, and, in this way, the combination of native and modified starches is of fundamental importance to ensure the product's final quality.
Update on the revision of Eurocode 3
Authors: Kuhlmann Ulrike , Schmidt‐Rasche Christina , Jörg Fabian , Pourostad Vahid , Spiegler Jennifer , Euler Mathias 
Published: January 2021

AbstractExtended keynote paper of Eurosteel 2021This paper provides an overview of recent work regarding the revision of Eurocode 3 on the European level. Selected scientific and technical issues are described and there is a summary of the activities executed within European Standardization Committee CEN/TC250/SC3 ”Design of Steel Structures“ chaired by Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Ulrike Kuhlmann. This includes the description of current normative developments for the 2nd Generation of Eurocodes, which aim at evolution through improvements and harmonization of the existing codes. In addition, a technical review of selected rules is given for several issues, which support the code revision and reflect well the recent tendencies in steel structures.
Internationalization processes for sub‐Saharan Africa's small and medium‐sized enterprises: The case of Ivory Coast
Authors: Mahamadou Zoubeyda 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe aim of this research is to characterize the main internationalization paths of African small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) particularly Ivorian ones. From our results analysis, it appears that the internationalization strategies of African SMEs are specific and adapted to their environments and characteristics. For example, it is important that Ivorian SMEs' managers take into account the national culture and the characteristics of the host market (situation of significant need, market saturation, protectionism) during their international approaches. In addition, we find out that most Ivorian SMEs adopt upstream (import) and downstream (export) internationalization with import as the first mode of entry into foreign markets. Finally, we observe that it is essential that African governments recognize the potential of international SMEs for economic development by introducing support programs. Otherwise, African SMEs would not be able to compete globally and grow.
NASYM, a live intranasal vaccine, protects young calves from bovine respiratory syncytial virus in the presence of maternal antibodies
Authors: Marzo Elena , Montbrau Carlos , Moreno Maria‐Carmen , Roca Mercè , Sitjà Marta , March Ricard , Gow Sheryl , Lacoste Stacey , Ellis John 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackground: Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) is a major problem for cattle worldwide during their first year of life. The aim of the present study was to evaluate efficacy and longevity of immunity of a live vaccine (NASYM, HIPRA) in the presence of maternally derived antibodies (MDA).Method: Calves (36) were distributed in four groups, based on MDA status and treatment. They received NASYM or a placebo at an early age (less than two weeks) by intranasal route. Eight weeks later, animals were challenged with the Asquith strain of BRSV. Efficacy was assessed by monitoring clinical signs and mortality, PaO2, virus shedding and lung lesions. The immunological response was evaluated by measuring IgG in serum and IgA in nasal secretions.Results: A reduction of mortality, lung lesions, shedding and a higher PaO2 was achieved in NASYM vaccinated groups, independently of MDA status. An anamnestic IgG response was observed after challenge in vaccinated animals, both in MDA+ and MDA‐ groups. An IgA response was also observed in vaccinated animals after vaccination and challenge.Conclusion: NASYM protected newborn calves with MDAs during the first 10 weeks of life, against a very virulent challenge that caused extensive pulmonary lesions and deaths in control animals, with just a single intranasal dose.
Cutting‐edge advancements of nanomaterials for medi‐translatable noninvasive theranostic modalities
Authors: Zhang Chen , He Weixin , Liu Chenxi , Jiao Dian , Liu Zhe 
Published: January 2021

AbstractDisease‐oriented theranostic modalities have witnessed rapid developments in the past decade, and some of them are on the road of medi‐translation for successful clinical utilities. Thanks to their unprecedented convenience, minimized side‐effect, satisfactory prognosis, and good controllability by external sources such as light, sound, electricity, heat and magnetism, recent advancements on noninvasive theranostic modalities have opened up a new window for the dawn and light‐shedding of cutting‐edge functional nanomaterials in association with current commercialized clinical devices to serve precision and visualized medicine for new‐generation disease‐oriented healthcare resolutions. This review summarizes the latest progresses on the advanced nanomaterial developments as well as their emerging applications to image‐based diagnosis and noninvasive treatments by external stimuli sources. Furthermore, their state‐of‐the‐art biomedical translations have been highlighted to outlook the prevailing trends for clinical uses, and current challenges are discussed for sake of comprehensive safety issues before to humans.