bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting essay quality from search and writing behavior
Authors: Vakkari Pertti , Völske Michael , Potthast Martin , Hagen Matthias , Stein Benno 
Published: January 2021

AbstractFew studies have investigated how search behavior affects complex writing tasks. We analyze a dataset of 150 long essays whose authors searched the ClueWeb09 corpus for source material, while all querying, clicking, and writing activity was meticulously recorded. We model the effect of search and writing behavior on essay quality using path analysis. Since the boil‐down and build‐up writing strategies identified in previous research have been found to affect search behavior, we model each writing strategy separately. Our analysis shows that the search process contributes significantly to essay quality through both direct and mediated effects, while the author's writing strategy moderates this relationship. Our models explain 25–35% of the variation in essay quality through rather simple search and writing process characteristics alone, a fact that has implications on how search engines could personalize result pages for writing tasks. Authors' writing strategies and associated searching patterns differ, producing differences in essay quality. In a nutshell: essay quality improves if search and writing strategies harmonize—build‐up writers benefit from focused, in‐depth querying, while boil‐down writers fare better with a broader and shallower querying strategy.
An online course mode based on microlecture videos: Using CAD geometric modeling course as an example
Authors: Liu Hao , Xu Shuhao , Liu Shenglan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractOver recent years, the Internet has become an important teaching tool in universities. However, existing online course modes still have some obvious disadvantages, such as fewer learning restraints, interactions, and atmosphere. To improve online course quality, this article presents an online flip classroom with teacher‐led adaptive learning. The online classroom environment includes community as well as knowledge, learner, and assessment centers. Furthermore, we proposed a remote learning mode that uses theories of cognitive psychology and includes microlectures, class interactions, exercises after class, and programming training. Using CAD geometric modeling course as an example, the method has been applied for three teaching classes with different studying abilities in the spring semester in 2020. Two official network big data assessment methods have shown that the online course mode is better than other course modes. Consequently, our improved online course mode is efficient and popular with students.
Equipment entrapment during redo‐TAVR with successful BASILICA procedure
Authors: Qureshi Waqas T. , Parker Matthew , Walker Jennifer , Kakouros Nikolaos 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for transcatheter heart valve failure has been suggested for high‐risk patients. TAVR‐in‐TAVR, however, may lead to complex leaflet interactions causing coronary ostial obstruction, which is a devastating complication. Coronary protection with provisional stent placement may be challenging. We describe the first percutaneous transaxillary case of TAVR‐in‐TAVR with Bioprosthetic Aortic Scallop Intentional Laceration to prevent Iatrogenic Coronary Artery obstruction (BASILICA) where guide catheters used for coronary protection were entrapped between the valve frames. We describe anatomical predictors and management considerations. Operators should be aware of this important complication during TAVR‐in‐TAVR valve placement.
Calix[4]pyrrolato Aluminates: The Effect of Ligand Modification on the Reactivity of Square‐Planar Aluminum Anions
Authors: Ebner Fabian , Mainik Philipp , Greb Lutz 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStructural constraint represents an attractive tool to modify p‐block element properties without the need for unusual oxidation or valence states. The recently reported methyl‐calix[4]pyrrolato aluminate established the effect of forcing a tetrahedral aluminum anion into a square‐planar coordination mode. However, the generality of this structural motif and any consequence of ligand modification remained open. Herein, a systematic ligand screening was launched, and the class of square‐planar aluminum anions was extended by two derivatives that differ in the meso‐substitution at the calix[4]pyrrolato ligand. Strikingly, this modification provoked opposing trends in the preference for a Lewis acidic binding mode with σ‐donors versus the aluminum‐ligand cooperative binding mode with carbonyls. Insights into the origin of these counterintuitive experimental observations were provided by computation and bond analysis. Importantly, this rationale might allow to exploit mode‐selective binding for catalytic rate control.
A combination of NLR and sST2 is associated with adverse cardiovascular events in patients with myocardial injury induced by moderate to severe acute carbon monoxide poisoning
Authors: Liu Qian , Gao Xun , Xiao Qingmian , Zhu Baoyue , Liu Yongjian , Han Yongyan , Wang Weizhan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractBackgroundIndicators of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning‐induced myocardial injury have not yet been elucidated.HypothesisThis study aimed at determining the risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute CO poisoning‐induced myocardial injury.MethodsWe enrolled patients with moderate‐to‐severe acute CO poisoning‐induced myocardial injury. Based on the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events, the patients were assigned into event and non‐event group. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the potential risk factors for cardiovascular adverse events.ResultsA total of 413 eligible patients were enrolled. Among them, 61 (14.8%) patients presented adverse cardiovascular events and were assigned to the event group while 352 patients were assigned to the non‐event group. Univariate analysis revealed that cTnI, Lac, and NLR levels at admission and sST2 at day 3 in the event group were significantly higher compared to those in the non‐event group. Subsequent multivariate analysis revealed that sST2 at day 3 and NLR at admission were independent risk factors for adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute CO poisoning‐induced myocardial injury. Finally, the sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of sST2 at day 3 combined with NLR for event prediction were 79.5%, 82.8%, and 0.858, respectively.ConclusionA combination of sST2 at day 3 and NLR is a potential predictor for the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute CO poisoning‐induced myocardial injury. Therefore, cardiovascular risk stratification should be taken into consideration, especially in patients with acute CO poisoning‐induced myocardial injury.
Comparison of Anion‐Anion Halogen Bonds with Neutral‐Anion Halogen Bonds in the Gas Phase and Polar Solvents
Authors: Li Ying , Meng Lingpeng , Zeng Yanli 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn recent years, anion‐anion halogen bonds and neutral‐anion halogen bonds have received extensive attention. In this work, the possibility of halogen bonding of neutral and anionic forms of para‐substituted iodine derivatives of dithiobenzoic acid and its Se‐ and Te‐based congeners with halide anions has been investigated. The anion‐anion complexes are not favorable in the gas phase because of the repulsive effect between anionic halogen bond donors and acceptors. A local minimum is present in the potential energy surface between the−S2CC6H4I and X (X=F−, Cl−, Br−), and the anion‐anion complexes−S2CC6H4I ⋅⋅⋅ X(X=F−, Cl−, Br−) are metastable in the gas phase. Solvation is beneficial to the formation of the anion‐anion complexes. The neutral‐anion complexes are stable in both the gas phase and the polar solvents. The anion‐anion halogen bonds tend to be stable in polar solvents, while the neutral‐anion halogen bonds are stronger in the gas phase than in solvents.
PhenoSpace: A Shiny application to visualize trait data in the phenotypic space of the global spectrum of plant form and function
Authors: Segrestin Jules , Sartori Kevin , Navas Marie‐Laure , Kattge Jens , Díaz Sandra , Garnier Eric 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

A recent analysis of variation in six major traits conducted on a large worldwide sample of vascular plant species showed that three‐quarters of trait variation was captured by a two‐dimensional global spectrum of plant form and function (“global spectrum” hereafter). We developed the PhenoSpace application, whose aim is to visualize and export the position of any individual/population/species in the phenotypic space of the global spectrum.

PhenoSpace is a Shiny application that helps users to manipulate and visualize data pertaining to the global spectrum of plant form and function. It is freely accessible at the following URL: https://shiny.cefe.cnrs.fr/PhenoSpace/.

PhenoSpace has three main functionalities. First, it allows users to visualize the phenotypic space of the global spectrum using different combinations of traits and growth forms. Second, trait data from any new user‐defined dataset can be projected onto the phenotypic space of the global spectrum, provided that at least two of the six traits are available. Finally, figures produced and loadings of the imported data on the PCA axes can be downloaded, allowing users to conduct further analyses.

PhenoSpace fulfills the practical goal of positioning plants in the phenotypic space of the global spectrum, making it possible to compare trait variation at any level of organization against the worldwide background. This serves a major aim of comparative plant ecology, which is to put specific sets of individuals, populations or species into a broader context, facilitating comparison and synthesis of results across different continents and environments using relevant indicators of plant design and function.
On biodiversity and conservation of the Iris hexagona complex (Phaeiris, Iridaceae)
Authors: Mavrodiev Evgeny V. , Gómez Juan P. , Mavrodiev Nicholas E. , Melton Anthony E. , Martínez‐Azorín Mario , Crespo Manuel B. , Robinson Scott K. , Steadman David W. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractTaxonomic revisions using newly available molecular data can have profound consequences for identifying areas of high endemism and, therefore, high conservation priority. A good example of the connection between taxonomy, biodiversity ecology, and conservation issues is genus Phaeiris (Iris subsect. Hexagonae), an endemic taxon of the southeastern United States and in particular P. hexagona (I. hexagona) (Blue Flag), perhaps the best‐known species of this genus. Some authors recently provided evidence for the need to revise the taxonomy of the Blue Flag, which has usually been considered to consist of a single species, P. hexagona. Using molecular and bioclimatic analyses of Blue Flags from Florida and Louisiana, collected at their loci classici, we challenge the notion that P. hexagona is a single species, referring to the almost forgotten taxonomic context of Phaeiris as established by John K. Small and Edward J. Alexander nearly 90 yr ago. Our vision of the P. hexagona complex reinforces the current treatment of Southern Coastal Plain as a biodiversity hotspot. Our results also argue for the complex nature of endemism on the Florida Peninsula, and elsewhere on the Southern Coastal Plain, including a new interpretation of the well‐studied Louisiana irises. We also propose that the valleys of Florida rivers and lakes are likely to harbor additional hidden biodiversity. Accurate taxonomy proved to be a heuristic tool to characterize better the actual level of biodiversity within Southern Coastal Plain as well as to describe the different areas endemism. The newly re‐documented taxonomic diversity in broadly defined P. hexagona should also be considered in future conservation efforts.
Bonding and Stability of C6F4 Bridged by Bis‐Carbenes: EDA‐NOCV Analysis of (L)2C6F4 [L = SNHCDip, cAACMe]
Authors: Gorantla Sai Manoj N. V. T. , Mondal Kartik Chandra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe donor base ligand stabilized compound (L)2C6F4 [1 for L=saturated N‐heterocyclic carbene (SNHCDip) and 2 for L=cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene (cAACMe)] has been investigated by energy decomposition analysis (EDA) coupled with natural orbital for chemical valence (NOCV) calculation. The bonding analysis of 1 has revealed that (SNHCDip)2+ prefers to form an electron sharing σ‐bond, a dative σ‐bond and two dative π‐bonds with the central C6F4− unit in their doublet states. In contrast, (cAACMe)2 forms two electron sharing σ‐bonds and two electron sharing π‐bonds with the neutral C6F4 unit of 2 in their quintet states.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Matsuda‐Heck Type Cross‐Coupling and Mechanistic Evidence for a Radical Mechanism
Authors: Bergès Julien , Zaid Yassir , Tlili Anis , Sotiropoulos Jean‐Marc , Taillefer Marc 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThe Matsuda‐Heck reaction, usually performed with palladium catalysts, can be carried out under transition‐metal‐free conditions in the presence of a KOtBu/DMF couple. This system allows the selective and direct synthesis of stilbenes from aryldiazonium salts under mild temperature (20 °C). Mechanistic studies suggest a radical pathway in which the DMF acts as the initiator of the overall process.
Formal Semisynthesis of Demethylgorgosterol Utilizing a Stereoselective Intermolecular Cyclopropanation Reaction
Authors: Rosenbaum Nicolai , Schmidt Lisa , Mohr Florian , Fuhr Olaf , Nieger Martin , Bräse Stefan 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIn this study, we report a convenient and high yielding formal semisynthesis of demethylgorgosterol, a marine steroid with an intriguing sidechain containing a cyclopropane unit. This was achieved through the synthesis of an advanced ketone intermediate. The synthetic route features a total of ten steps, starting from commercially available stigmasterol, with an overall yield of 27 %. The key step was a stereoselective intermolecular cyclopropanation reaction. This reaction proceeded in 82 % yield, the resulting cyclopropane carboxylic ester shows a trans/cis ratio of 89 : 11, with a diastereomeric ratio for the trans‐diastereomers of >99 : 1. A reduction/oxidation sequence afforded the corresponding aldehyde, which was used in a Grignard reaction. A final oxidation step then yielded the desired ketone. This novel route presents a platform to further investigate the medicinal applications of gorgosterol‐type steroids and to fully understand their role in coral symbiosis.
Nutritional and medicinal properties of Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola): A review
Authors: Lakmal Kasun , Yasawardene Pamodh , Jayarajah Umesh , Seneviratne Suranjith L 
Published: January 2021

AbstractStar fruit (Averrhoa carambola), a popular fruit in many parts of the world, is considered to have many beneficial nutritional and medicinal effects. However, harmful nephrotoxic and neurotoxic effects have also been described. In this review, we have discussed the reported beneficial effects of star fruit, explored the potential mechanisms for such beneficial effects, and outline factors that may affect the safe level of consumption. The beneficial effects include the following: antioxidant (mediated via L‐ascorbic acid, epicatechin, and gallic acid), hypoglycemic (mediated via high fiber levels and 2‐dodecyl‐6‐methoxycyclohexa‐2,5‐diene‐1,4‐dione), hypotensive (mediated via apigenin), hypocholesterolemic (mediated via micronized fiber), anti‐inflammatory, anti‐infective, antitumor effects, and immune‐boosting effects. The presence of chronic kidney disease, gastroenteropathies, chronic pancreatitis, dehydration, consumption on an empty stomach, and higher concentration of oxalate in fruit/juice consumed predisposes to toxicity. The level of ingestion at which the beneficial effects transition to nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity is still to be accurately ascertained. Furthermore, the relationship between the amount of star fruit ingested and the severity of toxicity is not certain and warrants further study.
Elderly's food security and its associated socioeconomic determinants in Tehran: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Alipour Vahid , Rezapour Aziz , Shali Mahboobeh , Harati Khalilabad Touraj 
Published: January 2021

AbstractIntroductionFood security as a component of the fundamental foundation in the elderly's health was a priority in the 20‐year vision development plan of the country. The main goal of the present study was to determine the elderly food security status and its influential factors in the city of Tehran, Iran.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on 1000 people age over 60 from Tehran city capital of Iran in 2018. A validated short questionnaire with six and nine questions used to measure the food security and socioeconomic status of the elderly, respectively. The data were analyzed using the chi‐square test and logistic regression model.ResultsThe findings revealed that 39.1% of the investigated elderly were facing food insecurity, 59% had chronic diseases, and 13% of them had no insurance coverage. Elderly with monthly income ≤ 10 million Iranian rial (odds ratio [OR] = 3.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.61‐4.48), who had chronic diseases (OR = 3.54, 95% CI = 1.94‐6.62), and had a diploma degree or less (OR = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.4‐3.72) were more likely to be food insecure.ConclusionExpanding social security insurance for the elderly besides financial support, reforming inappropriate food habits, and increasing elderly’ nutritional awareness can be effective in promoting food security for the aging population of this country.
Analysis of fractional derivatives in thermal and solutal transfer equations of second‐grade non‐Newtonian fluids: A numerical study
Authors: Borah Gourangajit , Dutta Palash , Hazarika Gopal Chandra 
Published: January 2021

AbstractA numerical analysis is carried out using Atangana–Baleanu and Caputo–Fabrizio time‐fractional derivatives to study the mixed convective unsteady flow of a second‐grade fluid past an infinite vertical porous plate under the influence of a uniform transverse magnetic field. As finding the exact solutions of fluid equations presents huge difficulties due to the vagueness or uncertainty associated with the fluid parameters, fuzzy theoretic concepts are used rather than the classical crisp theoretic ones. Governing partial differential equations are made dimensionless and are then subject to fuzzification. The finite‐difference scheme is used to discretize the equations, and hence suitable programming codes are developed in PYTHON for AB and CF fractional derivatives. The results are obtained and plotted graphically. Interpretations based on these physical parameters imply that both AB and CF methods agreed well.
Influence of Asiatic acid on cell proliferation and DNA damage in vitro and in vivo systems
Authors: Ribeiro Arthur B. , Ozelin Saulo D. , da Silva Lucas H. D. , Rinaldi‐Neto Francisco , Freitas Karoline S. , Nicolella Heloiza D. , de Souza Larissa D. R. , Furtado Ricardo A. , Cunha Wilson Roberto , Tavares Denise C. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractAsiatic acid (AA) is a triterpene with promising pharmacological activity. In the present study, in vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to understand the effect of AA on cell proliferation and genomic instability. AA was cytotoxic to human tumor cell lines (M059J, HeLa, and MCF‐7), with IC50values ranging from 13.91 to 111.72 µM. In the case of M059J, AA exhibited selective cytotoxicity after 48 h of treatment (IC50 = 24 µM), decreasing the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase, increasing the percentage of cells in the S phase, and inducing apoptosis. A significant increase in chromosomal damage was observed in V79 cell cultures treated with AA (40 µM), revealing genotoxic activity. In contrast, low concentrations (5, 10, and 20 µM) of AA significantly reduced the frequencies of micronuclei induced by the mutagens doxorubicin (DXR), methyl methanesulfonate, and hydrogen peroxide. A reduction of DXR‐induced intracellular free radicals was found in V79 cells treated with AA (10 µM). The antigenotoxic effect of AA (30 mg/kg) was also observed against DXR‐induced chromosomal damage in Swiss mice. Significant reductions in p53 levels were verified in the liver tissue of these animals. Taken together, the data indicate that AA exerted antiproliferative activity in M059J tumor cells, which is probably related to the induction of DNA damage, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Additionally, low concentrations of AA exhibited antigenotoxic effects and its antioxidant activity may be responsible, at least in part, for chemoprevention.
Proanthocyanidin alleviates doxorubicin‐induced cardiac injury by inhibiting NF‐kB pathway and modulating oxidative stress, cell cycle, and fibrogenesis
Authors: Sadek Kadry M. , Mahmoud Sahar F. E. , Zeweil Mohamed F. , Abouzed Tarek K. 
Published: January 2021

AbstractThis study investigated the potential mechanism(s) and the signaling pathway(s) underlying the prophylactic effect of proanthocyanidin extract (PE) against doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced cardiotoxicity in rats. A total of 32 male albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Control rats were orally administrated normal saline. Rats in the second group were orally administrated PE (50 mg/kg bw/once daily) for 4 weeks. Rats in the third group were intraperitoneally injected with DOX (10 mg/kg on Days 3, 9, 15, and 21 of the experiment). Rats in the fourth group were injected with DOX and PE simultaneously for 4 weeks. DOX significantly augmented the levels of serum heart damage biomarkers. In addition, histopathology indicated that DOX‐induced cardiac tissue injury upregulated the expression of fibrogenic factors, alpha smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐ β1), and p16INK4A. Downregulation of cell proliferation markers, cyclin‐dependent kinase‐4 (CDK4), and retinoblastoma (Rb) was also observed. Furthermore, DOX‐induced oxidative and inflammatory stress resulted in increased cardiac malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PC), interleukin‐2 (IL‐2), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α). Decreased cardiac glutathione (GSH) levels and enzyme activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) were observed. Treatment of DOX‐induced rat cardiotoxicity with PE normalized serum parameters for the aforementioned parameters and alleviated cardiac tissue structure. Furthermore, reduced cardiac tissue α‐SMA and TGF‐β1, and increased CDK4 and Rb protein expression, along with the amelioration of oxidative and inflammatory effects were observed. PE attenuates DOX‐induced cardiomyocyte inflammation possibly by attenuating the nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐
kB) signaling pathway. These results indicate that PE may be useful as a preventative agent against DOX‐induced cardiac toxicity.