bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TN‐USMA Net: Triple normalization‐based gastrointestinal stromal tumors classification on multicenter EUS images with ultrasound‐specific pretraining and meta attention
Authors: Liu Chengcheng , Qiao Mengyun , Jiang Fei , Guo Yi , Jin Zhendong , Wang Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2021

AbstractPurposeAccurate quantification of gastrointestinal stromal tumors’ (GISTs) risk stratification on multicenter endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) images plays a pivotal role in aiding the surgical decision‐making process. This study focuses on automatically classifying higher‐risk and lower‐risk GISTs in the presence of a multicenter setting and limited data.MethodsIn this study, we retrospectively enrolled 914 patients with GISTs (1824 EUS images in total) from 18 hospitals in China. We propose a triple normalization‐based deep learning framework with ultrasound‐specific pretraining and meta attention, namely, TN‐USMA model. The triple normalization module consists of the intensity normalization, size normalization, and spatial resolution normalization. First, the image intensity is standardized and same‐size regions of interest (ROIs) and same‐resolution tumor masks are generated in parallel. Then, the transfer learning strategy is utilized to mitigate the data scarcity problem. The same‐size ROIs are fed into a deep architecture with ultrasound‐specific pretrained weights, which are obtained from self‐supervised learning using a large volume of unlabeled ultrasound images. Meanwhile, tumors’ size features are calculated from the same‐resolution masks individually. Afterward, the size features together with two demographic features are integrated to the model before the final classification layer using a meta attention mechanism to further enhance feature representations. The diagnostic performance of the proposed method was compared with one radiomics‐based method and two state‐of‐the‐art deep learning methods. Four evaluation metrics, namely, the accuracy, the area under the receiver operator curve, the sensitivity, and the specificity were used to evaluate the model performance.ResultsThe proposed TN‐USMA model achieves an overall accuracy of 0.834 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.772, 0.885), an area under the receiver operator curve of 0.881 (95% CI: 0.825, 0.924), a sensitivity of 0.844 (95% CI: 0.672, 0.947), and a specificity of 0.832 (95% CI: 0.762, 0.888). The AUC significantly outperforms other two deep learning approaches (p < 0.05, DeLong et al). Moreover, the performance is stable under different variations of multicenter dataset partitions.ConclusionsThe proposed TN‐USMA model can successfully differentiate higher‐risk GISTs from lower‐risk ones. It is accurate, robust, generalizable, and efficient for potential clinical applications.
A new hemizygous missense mutation, c.454T＞C (p.S152P), in AKAP4 gene is associated with asthenozoospermia
Authors: Gu Longjie , Liu Xiaming , Yang Jun , Bai Jian 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAsthenozoospermia (ASZ) is a condition characterized by reduced forward motility of spermatozoa affecting approximately 19% of infertile men. A kinase anchor protein 4 (AKAP4) is an X‐linked testis‐specific gene and plays a major role in sperm motility and flagella formation. However, few studies have reported its association with ASZ. Here, we sequenced for exonic mutations of human AKAP4 gene by high‐fidelity PCR/Sanger sequencing in peripheral blood samples from 150 ASZ patients and 150 fertile men. We reported the identification of three novel hemizygous mutations unique to four ASZ patients, including one patient carrying missense mutation c.454T>C (p.S152P), two patient carrying synonymous mutation c.1173T>C (p.H391H), and one patient carrying synonymous mutation c.2007 A>G (p.R669R). The p.S152P mutation was located in a precursor pro‐polypeptide domain of AKAP4 protein, which was predicted to be damaging by SIFT and PolyPhen‐2 and could cause the protein accumulation in the cytoplasm of COS‐7 cells. The mature protein of AKAP4 was absent in spermatozoa of ASZ patient harboring AKAP4 p.S152P mutation. Further in vitro cellular assays showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, and apoptotic cells were increased in GC2‐spd cells by AKAP4 p.S152P mutant protein, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) level was decreased. AKAP4 p.H391H and p.R669R mutant proteins were coimmunoprecipitated with ribonuclease T2 (RNASET2) protein in GC2‐spd cells, whereas no interaction between the AKAP4 p.S152P mutant protein and RNASET2 protein was observed. In addition, AKAP4 p.S152P mutant protein could decrease the activity of PKA/PI3K signaling. Overall, our study identifies a novel AKAP4 p.S152P mutation is associated with ASZ probably through affecting oxidative stress and cell apoptosis by regulating the interaction with RNASET2 and the activity of the PKA/PI3K signaling pathway.
In vivo spectral editing of phosphorylethanolamine
Authors: Hui Steve C. N. , Zöllner Helge J. , Oeltzschner Georg , Edden Richard A. E. , Saleh Muhammad G. 
Published: August 2021

PurposeTo demonstrate J‐difference editing of phosphorylethanolamine (PE) with chemical shifts at 3.22 (PE3.22) and 3.98 (PE3.98) ppm, and compare the merits of two editing strategies.MethodsDensity‐matrix simulations of MEGA‐PRESS (Mescher‐Garwood PRESS) for PE were performed at TEs ranging from 80 to 200 ms in steps of 2 ms, applying 20‐ms editing pulses (ON/OFF) at (1) 3.98/7.5 ppm to detect PE3.22 and (2) 3.22/7.5 ppm to detect PE3.98. Phantom experiments were performed using a PE phantom to validate simulation results. Ten subjects were scanned using a Philips 3T MRI scanner at TEs of 90 ms and 110 ms to edit PE3.22 and PE3.98. Osprey was used for data processing, modeling, and quantification.ResultsSimulations show substantial TE modulation of the intensity and shape of the edited signals due to coupling evolution. Simulated and phantom integrals suggest that TEs of 110 ms and 90 ms were optimal for the edited detection of PE3.22 and PE3.98, respectively. Phantom results indicated strong agreement with the simulated spectra and integrals. In vivo quantification of the PE3.22/total creatine and PE3.98/total creatine concentration ratio yielded values of 0.26 ± 0.04 (between‐subject coefficient of variation [CV]: 15.4%) and 0.18 ± 0.04 (CV: 22.8%), respectively, at TE = 90 ms, and 0.24 ± 0.02 (CV: 8.2%) and 0.23 ± 0.04 (CV: 18.0%), respectively, at TE = 110 ms.ConclusionSimulations and in vivo MEGA‐PRESS of PE demonstrate that both PE3.22 and PE3.98 are potential candidates for editing, but PE3.22 at TE = 110 ms yields lower variation across TEs.Keywords: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, MEGA‐PRESS, spectral editing, phosphorylethanolamine
Evaluation of an Artisanal Freshwater Fishery in Guatemala Finds Underfished Conditions
Authors: Quintana Yasmín , Barrientos Christian A. , Allen Micheal 
Published: August 2021

Abstract
The assessment of the stock status of inland artisanal fisheries is extremely difficult due to limited or absent historical data on catch, effort, or recruitment. Most of these fisheries are considered potentially overfished due to their “open-access” nature and poor management. Alternately, fishing below maximum yield could cause a loss in potential yield as well as food supply for local communities. The Giant Cichlid Petenia splendida has been considered to be overexploited in Guatemala. Our objective was to measure fishing mortality using a passive tagging study with reward tags for the Giant Cichlid fishery in Lake Petén Itzá to explore the potential for overfishing. In total, 24% of the tags were returned, and the return rate increased with the value of the reward (~US$6, $12, $18, and $25). We explored two reporting rate scenarios. Exploitation rate was estimated as 0.36 when the reporting rate was 100% and 0.48 when the reporting rate was 75%. A sensitivity analysis for yield-per-recruit and spawning potential ratio models indicated that this fishery was below the maximum sustainable yield without recruitment overfishing risk under both scenarios; thus, more stringent regulations are not required at this time. Moreover, under a conservative scenario, exploitation rates could increase yield by up to 40% for fish over 240 mm, suggesting the potential for increased resource utilization without causing growth or recruitment overfishing, and should not exceed 60% with fish under 220 mm TL. This study provides a preliminary assessment of the size limit and harvest rate that can prevent overfishing of the Giant Cichlid. Similar tag reward methods can be effectively applied to assess artisanal fisheries. The underfished condition in this fishery demonstrates that open-access fisheries are not always overexploited, and there is a need for a better understanding of local regulations’ effectiveness and the role of social and economic factors influencing artisanal fisher behavior.
Topologically optimal design and failure prediction using conditional generative adversarial networks
Authors: Herath Sumudu , Haputhanthri Udith 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAmong the various structural optimization tools, topology optimization is the widely used technique in obtaining the initial design of structural components. The resulting topologically optimal initial design will be the input for subsequent structural optimizations such as shape, size and layout optimizations. However, iterative solvers used in conventional topology optimization schemes are known to be computationally expensive, thus act as a bottleneck in the manufacturing process. In this paper, a novel deep learning‐based accelerated topology optimization technique with the ability to predict ductile material failure is presented. A Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN) coupled with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is used to predict the optimal topology of a given structure subject to a set of input variables. Subsequently, the same cGAN is trained to predict the Von‐Mises stress contours on the optimal structure by means of color transformed image‐to‐image translations. The ductile failure criterion is evaluated by comparing the cGAN predicted maximum Von‐Mises stress with the yield strength of the material. The proposed novel numerical method is proven to arrive at the topologically optimal design, accompanying the material failure decision within a negligible amount of time but also maintaining a higher prediction accuracy.
The barriers and facilitators of foot care practices in diabetic patients in Indonesia: A qualitative study
Authors: Sari Yunita , Yusuf Saldy , Haryanto Haryanto , Sumeru Annas , Saryono Saryono 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAimTo investigate the barriers and facilitators of foot care practice in diabetic patients in Indonesia.DesignA qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were conducted on 34 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, health providers and family members in Purwokerto, Indonesia, between July 2020 and December 2020. The interview transcripts were coded using NVivo 12.ResultsFour themes emerged from data analysis, including personal barriers (low susceptibility of developing foot ulcer, limited knowledge about foot care, fatalistic practices, financial problems, glucose control taking priority over foot care, lack of motivation, lack of confidence, fear of being labelled), environmental barriers (lack of knowledge and time of health providers, lack of family support and climate conditions), perceived foot health benefits (intention to feel better and desire to stay socially active) and religious practices (foot washing as part of religious practice and intention to feel clean before praying).
Knowledge About Risks, Benefits, and Curative Potential of Immunotherapy Among Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Petrillo Laura A. , Zhou Ashley Z. , Sullivan Ryan , Volandes Angelo , Greer Joseph A. , Temel Jennifer S. , El-Jawahri Areej 
Published: August 2021

Abstract

Background
Immunotherapy is the first-line treatment for melanoma and lung cancer and brings new risks of immune-related adverse events. We aimed to describe patients’ knowledge about risks, benefits, and goals of immunotherapy.

Materials and Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients with advanced melanoma or non-small cell lung cancer that used a 9-item knowledge survey and questions from the Prognosis and Treatment Perceptions Questionnaire.

Results
We surveyed 105 participants (57 with melanoma, 48 with lung cancer) with median age 69 years (range 36–89). Participants’ responses revealed knowledge deficits about immunotherapy mechanism of action and lack of awareness about the timing and severity of side effects. One third (34%; 36/105) of participants reported that the primary goal of their treatment is to cure their cancer.

Conclusion
Given the widespread use of immunotherapy, patients would benefit from educational tools so that they know what to expect regarding side effects and prognosis.
Influences of purification and surface treatment of sugarcane bagasse ash on mechanical properties of natural rubber composites
Authors: Boopasiri Supparoek , Suwantrakrit Noottiyaporn , Sae‐Oui Pongdhorn , Siriwong Chomsri 
Published: August 2021

AbstractAttempts to use bagasse ash (BA) as a filler in natural rubber (NR) have been made. Acidolysis/alkaline extraction method was used to purify BA. The purified BA (PBA) was subsequently characterized by various techniques such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and so forth. After the purification, PBA had a lower particle size and a higher specific surface area. XRD results showed that silica was the main composition of PBA while FTIR results revealed the existence of hydroxyl groups on the PBA surface. The reinforcement magnitude of PBA in NR was subsequently evaluated both without and with the addition of surface modifying agents, namely,bis‐3‐triethoxysilylpropyl tetrasulfide (TESPT) and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). Due to its large particle size, PBA acted as a semi‐reinforcing filler for NR, that is, the small increases of hardness, modulus and tensile strength were observed in the presence of PBA. As TESPT and ENR could improve the extent of rubber‐filler interaction, mechanical properties of the NR vulcanizates filled with PBA‐TESPT and PBA‐ENR were slightly higher than those of the PBA‐filled NR vulcanizate. For instance, tensile strength exhibited approximately 22% increase after the surface treatment. In this study, both PBA‐TESPT and PBA‐ENR showed comparable degree of reinforcement.
Temperature‐/Frequency‐dependent complex viscosity and tensile modulus of polymer nanocomposites from the glassy state to the melting point
Authors: Sharifzadeh Esmail , Mohammadi Reza 
Published: August 2021

AbstractIn this study, the temperature‐/frequency‐dependent viscosity and tensile modulus of polymer nanocomposites were evaluated using the combination of developed Arrhenius's equation and percolation theory. To involve the drastic effects of the polymer/particles interphase region and the aggregation/agglomeration of nanoparticles in the model, the Nielsen–Lewis model was developed and used to interpret the related parameters from heat conduction test results. The value of different state‐to‐state conversion degrees was calculated using the developed percolation theory whose validity was evaluated via comparative studies with theoretical results obtained from developed Arrhenius's equations. The simultaneous effects of the nanoparticles content and temperature/frequency on the viscosity and tensile modulus were also studied, which defined the role of some important phenomena such as the breakdown of the nanoparticle clusters, the increased cluster stability by polar surface modifiers, the increased thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite due to the presence of nanoparticles, etc. Different PA nanocomposites samples, containing 1–4 vol% of spherical silica nanoparticles, were prepared and subject to dynamical mechanical analysis, by temperature ramps and frequency sweep, and the results were used to evaluate the accuracy of the model. The surface of the nanoparticles was chemically modified with (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane to ensure their perfect compatibility with PA phase.
Diet‐tissue discrimination and turnover of δ13C and δ15N in muscle tissue of a penaeid prawn
Authors: Hewitt Daniel E. , Taylor Matthew D. , Raoult Vincent , Smith Timothy M. , Gaston Troy F. 
Published: August 2021

RationaleStable isotopes are used to study trophic and movement ecology in aquatic systems, as they provide spatially distinct, time‐integrated signatures of diet. Stable isotope ecology has been used to quantify species‐habitat relationships in many important fisheries species (e.g., penaeid prawns), with approaches that typically assume constant values for diet‐tissue discrimination and diet‐tissue steady state, but these can be highly variable. Here we provide the first report of these processes in Metapenaeus macleayi (eastern school prawn).MethodsHere we explicitly measure and model carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) diet‐tissue discrimination and turnover in eastern school prawn muscle tissue as a function of experimental time following a change in diet to an isotopically distinct food source.ResultsDiet‐tissue discrimination factors were 5 and 0.6‰ for δ13C and δ15N, respectively. Prawn muscle tissue reached an approximate steady state after approximately 50 and 30 days for δ13C and δ15N. Half‐lives indicated faster turnover of δ15N (~8 days) than δ13C (~14 days).ConclusionsOur diet‐tissue discrimination factors deviate from ‘typical’ values with larger values for carbon than nitrogen isotopes, but are generally similar to those measured in other crustaceans. Similarly, our estimates of isotopic turnover align with those in other penaeid species. These findings confirm muscle tissue as a reliable indicator of long‐term diet and movement patterns in eastern school prawn.
Asthma caused by durvalumab after chemoradiotherapy in two patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Uemura Takehiro , Fukumitsu Kensuke , Maeno Ken , Fukuda Satoshi , Onuki Tomohiro , Kanemitsu Yoshihiro , Oguri Tetsuya , Niimi Akio , Hida Toyoaki 
Published: August 2021

AbstractDurvalumab, an anti‐programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) antibody, is currently used in the maintenance therapy for patients with stage III non‐small cell lung cancer after platinum‐based chemoradiotherapy. A 69‐year‐old male with lung adenocarcinoma, clinical stage IIIA, was treated with chemoradiotherapy. As the treatments progressed, his dry cough gradually subsided. After chemoradiotherapy had been completed, we started durvalumab administration. One month later, his dry cough relapsed and persisted. Based on the changes of his blood eosinophil counts, we clinically diagnosed him with asthma. A 71‐year‐old male with lung adenocarcinoma, clinical stage IIIB, was treated with chemoradiotherapy. After completing chemoradiotherapy, we initiated durvalumab administration. After 6 months, his dry cough was noticed to involve wheezing. Based on his spirometric values and the fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, a clinical diagnosis of asthma was established. Asthma should be considered as one of the possible side effects when immune checkpoint inhibitors are used in cancer treatment.
Complete type Lyapunov functionals for integral delay systems with multiple delays
Authors: Melchor‐Aguilar Daniel , Arismendi‐Valle Hector 
Published: August 2021

AbstractWe present complete type Lyapunov functional for integral delay systems with constant kernels and multiple delays. We introduce the Lyapunov matrix concept for this class of systems and present some of its properties. The constructed functionals are applied to derive exponential estimates for the solutions.
Opportunities and limits of moderate source routing in delay‐/disruption‐tolerant networking space networks
Authors: Birrane Edward J. , Caini Carlo , De Cola Gian Marco , Marchetti Federico , Mazzuca Laura , Persampieri Lorenzo 
Published: August 2021

SummaryThis paper aims to investigate the potential advantages and also the limits of source routing when applied to delay‐/disruption‐tolerant networking (DTN) space networks. To this end, it uses a variant of contact graph routing (CGR) called moderate source routing (MSR), recently proposed by the authors and fully compatible with interplanetary overlay network (ION), the DTN suite developed by NASA‐JPL. MSR differs from standard CGR as the route to destination is not recalculated from scratch at each node, but possibly reused, if still valid, by next nodes. For this purpose, the route is saved in a dedicated extension block of the forwarded bundle (the data unit of the bundle protocol, used in DTN). Performance of MSR versus CGR is assessed by considering a simple but very challenging space layout. Numerical results, obtained on a GNU/Linux testbed, show that MSR is effective at reducing the chances of loops, in particular when the source has full knowledge of the state of the network; otherwise, network instabilities are still possible. In this case, they can be neutralized by means of the combined use of source routing and anti‐loop tools, as shown in the paper. A further advantage of MSR is that it is compatible with standard CGR, which would facilitate a gradual or partial deployment.
Tuning Sugar‐Based Chiral and Flower‐Like Microparticles
Authors: Yao Yawen , Tang Qiyun , Rosenfeldt Sabine , Krüsmann Marcel , Karg Matthias , Zhang Kai 
Published: August 2021

AbstractUnique supermolecular structures as chiral and flower‐like microparticles and the precise tuning of the morphologies hold immense promise for a variety of applications. Examples of such structures deriving from monosaccharides are still rare, and a general understanding is also lacking. Herein, it is shown that chiral, flower‐like, or solid microparticles can be tuned by only using monosaccharide esters without external stimuli. Chiral “left‐handed” (counterclockwise) and “right‐handed” (clockwise) morphologies can be induced by d‐ and l‐glucose stearoyl esters. In comparison, other monosaccharides, i.e., galactose, mannose, and xylose, cannot formed chiral particles and generated diverse other morphologies of the supermolecular microparticles based on their distinct molecular configurations. Due to the numbers of side chains and the bond orientations, microparticles with solid and porous flower‐like morphologies can be obtained. While glucose and xylose esters only lead to solid microparticles, mannose and galactose generate porous flower‐like particles. These findings suggest a general method to design and control the superstructures by using monosaccharide backbones with diverse molecular configurations.
Robust and Flexible Random Lasers Using Perovskite Quantum Dots Coated Nickel Foam for Speckle‐Free Laser Imaging
Authors: Gao Wei , Wang Ting , Xu Jiangtao , Zeng Ping , Zhang Wenfei , Yao Yunduo , Chen Changsheng , Li Mingjie , Yu Siu Fung 
Published: August 2021

AbstractThe advantage of using flexible metallic structures as the substrate of flexible lasers over plastic materials is its strong mechanical strength and high thermal conductivity. Here, it is proposed to deposit CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots onto Ni porous foam for the realization of flexible lasers. Under two‐photon 800 nm excitation at room temperature, incoherent random lasing emission is observed at ≈537 nm. By external deformation of the Ni porous foam, incoherent random lasing can be tuned to amplified spontaneous emission as well as the corresponding lasing threshold be controlled. More importantly, it is demonstrated that the laser is robust to intensive bending (>1000 bending cycles) with minimum effect on the lasing intensity. This flexible laser is also shown to be an ideal light source to produce a “speckle” free micro‐image.