bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrological and topographic determinants of biomass and species richness in a Mediterranean-climate shrubland
Authors: Díaz de León-Guerrero Samantha , Méndez-Alonzo Rodrigo , Bullock Stephen H. , Vivoni Enrique R. 
Published: May 2021

BackgroundIn arid and semiarid shrublands, water availability directly influences ecosystem properties. However, few empirical tests have determined the association between particular soil and hydrology traits with biodiversity and ecosystem biomass at the local scale.MethodsWe tested if plant species richness (S) and aboveground biomass (AGB) were associated with soil and topographic properties on 36 plots (ca. 12.5 m2) in 17 hectares of chaparral in the Mediterranean-climate of Valle de Guadalupe, Baja California, México. We used close-to-the-ground aerial photography to quantify sky-view cover per species, including all growth forms. We derived an elevation model (5 cm) from other aerial imagery. We estimated six soil properties (soil water potential, organic matter content, water content, pH, total dissolved solids concentration, and texture) and four landscape metrics (slope, aspect, elevation, and topographic index) for the 36 plots. We quantified the biomass of stems, leaves, and reproductive structures, per species.Results86% of AGB was in stems, while non-woody species represented 0.7% of AGB but comprised 38% ofS(29 species). Aboveground biomass and species richness were unrelated across the landscape.Swas correlated with aspect and elevation (R= 0.53, aspectP= 0.035, elevationP= 0.05), while AGB (0.006–9.17 Kg m-2) increased with soil water potential and clay content (R= 0.51,P= 0.02, andP= 0.04). Only three species (11% of totalS) occupied 65% of the total plant cover, and the remaining 26 represented only 35%. Cover was negatively correlated withS(R= -0.38,P= 0.02). 75% of AGB was concentrated in 30% of the 36 plots, and 96% of AGB corresponded to only 20% of 29 species.DiscussionAt the scale of small plots in our studied Mediterranean-climate shrubland in Baja California, AGB was most affected by soil water storage. AGB and cover were dominated by a few species, and only cover was negatively related toS.Swas comprised mostly by uncommon species and tended to increase as plant cover decreased.
Assessing attitudes to ED-based HIV testing: Development of a short-structured survey instrument
Authors: Rao Aditi , Nagourney Emily M. , Chen Victoria H. , Hill Sarah , Klein Eili Y. , Whalen Madeleine , Quinn Thomas C. , Hansoti Bhakti 
Published: May 2021

IntroductionEmergency Department (ED)-based HIV counseling and testing (HCT) has had a significant impact on improving rates of HIV diagnosis and linkage to care. Unfortunately, expansion of this strategy to low- and middle-income countries has been limited. Successful implementation of ED-based HCT is dependent on patient and provider acceptance of the intervention, and their attitudes and pre-existing biases towards the disease. This study sought to develop validated survey instruments to assess attitudes towards ED-based HCT.MethodsThis cross-sectional study surveyed patients and providers in three EDs in the Eastern Cape province, South Africa. A convenience sample of patients and providers in the ED were surveyed. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted using questions on attitudes to HIV testing to develop validated survey instruments. An ANOVA test assessed variance in attitudes towards HCT based on demographic variables collected.ResultsA total of 104 patient and 132 provider surveys were completed. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 17- and 7-question attitudes survey for patients and providers, respectively. Overall, 92.3% of patients and 70.7% of providers supported ED-based HCT, however, both groups displayed only mildly positive attitudes. Questions representing ‘confidentiality’ and ‘stigma around HIV testing’ had the least positive influence on patients’ overall attitudes. Questions representing ‘comfort with HIV testing’ had the least positive influence on providers’ overall attitudes.ConclusionOur study demonstrated ED patients and providers are generally supportive of ED-based HCT. A validated survey instrument was able to provide a standardized approach to identify barriers to HCT implementation in an ED setting, across contexts. For successful implementation, behavioral interventions must focus on strengthening patient beliefs around confidentiality and the consent process, and providers’ comfort levels with providing HIV testing services in the ED.
Corneal stromal roughness after VisuMax and Intralase femtosecond laser photodisruption: An atomic force microscopy study
Authors: Gros-Otero Juan , Ketabi Samira , Cañones-Zafra Rafael , Garcia-Gonzalez Montserrat , Villa-Collar Cesar , Casado Santiago , Teus Miguel A. 
Published: May 2021

Purpose
To compare the induced corneal stromal bed roughness measured with atomic force microscopy (AFM) after LASIK flap creation with the IntraLase 60 kHz and the VisuMax femtosecond laser platforms.

Methods
Three freshly enucleated porcine eyes were operated with each femtosecond laser in this experimental study. Standard LASIK treatment parameters were used for the experiment. After LASIK flap creation, the corneal stromal roughness was assessed using a JPK NanoWizard II® AFM in contact mode immersed in liquid. Olympus OMCL-RC800PSA commercial silicon nitride cantilever tips were used. Surface measurements were made in 10 regions of the central cornea of each sample measuring 20 x 20 microns, at 512 x 512 point resolution. Roughness was measured using the root-mean-square (RMS) value within the given regions.

Results
Measurements from 30 regions of the 3 eyes (10 measurements per eye) in the Intralase (FS1) group, and 30 regions of the 3 eyes (10 measurements per eye) in the VisuMax (FS2) group were analyzed. There was a statistically significant difference in mean ± standard deviation RMS values between the FS1 and the FS2 groups (360 ± 120 versus 230 ± 100 nm respectively; P< 0.00001).

Conclusion
This AFM study indicates that the surface of the stromal bed after LASIK flap creation is smoother in the FS2 group than the FS1 group.
«Хорошими делами прославиться нельзя»: проблемы репрезентации в СМИ деятельности некоммерческого сектора во время пандемии COVID-19 в России
Authors: Сапонова Анастасия Владимировна , Задорин Игорь Вениаминович 
Published: May 2021

В статье рассматриваются особенности репрезентации третьего сектора в российских СМИ в период пандемии COVID-19. Исследование выполнено в количественной парадигме (N = 1535). Для повышения уровня надежности получаемых данных были применены метод контент-анализа (ручной кодировки) и методы автоматизированного анализа текстов (сетевой анализ и тематическое моделирование). Авторы приходят к выводу, что в современной российской медиасистеме, которая находится под давлением как государственных структур, так и коммерческих интересов, внимание к некоммерческому сектору оказывается фрагментарным и ситуативным. Сектор не представляется как цельный социальный институт, а в фокус внимания медиа попадают либо отдельные события, затрагивающие сенситивные, близкие читателю темы (в случае с COVID-19 еще и актуальные), либо заведомо известные публичные фигуры, аффилированные с сектором. В свою очередь интенсивность освещения деятельности НКО может являться одной из особенностей, характерной для развитых медиасистем. В статье показано, что СМИ регионов с высокими показателями Индекса развития медиасферы чаще освещают деятельность некоммерческого сектора, чем СМИ, представляющие регионы с менее развитыми медиасистемами.
Благодарность: Исследовательский проект выполнен Исследовательской группой «ЦИРКОН» по заказу Агентства социальной информации (АСИ) при поддержке Благотворительного фонда Владимира Потанина и Фонда президентских грантов в сентябре−октябре 2020 г.
The “negative end” of change in grammar: terminology, concepts and causes
Authors: Rudnicka Karolina 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe topic of the “negative end” of change is, unlike the fields of innovation and emergence, largely under-researched. Yet, it has lately started to increasingly gain attention from language scholars worldwide. The main focus of this article is threefold, namely to discuss (i) the terminology, (ii) the concepts, and (iii) the causes associated with the “negative end” of change in grammar. The article begins with an overview of research conducted on the topic. It then moves to situating phenomena referred to asloss,declineorobsolescenceamong processes of language change before elaborating on the terminology and concepts behind it. The last part of the paper looks at possible causes for constructions to display a gradual or rapid, but very consistent decrease in the frequency of use over time, which continues until the construction disappears or until there are only residual or fossilised forms left.
Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic filter paper with improved durability and water repellency
Authors: Sha Lizheng , Ma Chao , Zhao Huifang , Qiu Supeng , Yan Zhongyu , Guo Daliang 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces have high potential in self-cleaning and oil-water separation applications. We developed a three-step method for the preparation of superhydrophobic filter paper. It involved citric acid (CA) pretreatment to activate cellulose fibers, coating with cellulose nanofibrils/functionalized silica (CNFs/m-SiO2) slurry to increase surface roughness, and grafting of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) to enhance water resistance. The water contact angle (WCA) and siding angle (SA) of the prepared filter paper reached 151.5° and 7.5°, respectively. The results showed that, compared to the coated filter paper without the added CNFs, the coated paper with CNFs had higher retention of m-SiO2, thus roughness required for superhydrophobic surface was achieved. Further test under frequent abrasion and acid or alkali conditions showed that CA pretreatment improved the durability of superhydrophobic filter paper due to chemical crosslinking between the modified substrate and m-SiO2. Besides, the prepared superhydrophobic filter paper had outstanding self-cleaning property and high oil-water separation efficiency for various oil-water mixtures. Therefore, it is expected to be used for the treatment of oily wastewater.
MODERN APPROACHES OF STUDENT'S SOCIAL HEALTH FORMATION IN THE PROCESS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Authors: Babych Vjacheslav , Dubovoi Оleksandr , Savchenko Serhii , Kurilo Vitalii , Kharchenko Serhii , Zaitsev Volodymyr 
Published: May 2021

Objective: to ascertain the influence of the updated Physical Education syllabus in the context of forming social health of secondary school students, as well as motivation of schoolchildren for Physical Education classes. Material: 457 school students (230 females and 227 males) of the 6th and 7th grades (aged 12-13) from different regions of Ukraine were respondents of the survey. Method: observation, interviews and the authors’ questionnaires (‘Interest in Physical Education’with the use of customized tests by M. Ginzburg (Zaniuk, 2002), questionnaires ‘value orientations’ by M. Rokeach (Rozov, 2005), ‘Orientation towards Increasing Social Health of a Person’, as well as a questionnaire on the need of accomplishments by Yu. Orlov and Reyzas Assertiveness Schedule (Big Encyclopedia of Psychological Tests, 2007).Results: It was discovered that in 2008-2009 only 23.7% of schoolchildren liked physical education classes. Within this period of time, 18.5% of school students had a high level of orientation towards improving their own social health. The corrections made in 2012 to Physical Education syllabus contributed to an increase in the number of school students with a high level of motivation for Physical Education classes(+ 41.7%), as well as the number of students who had a high level of orientation towards improving their own social health (+23.3%). Positive changes were also recorded after the improvement of Physical Education syllabus in 2017 (under conditions of Physical Education reformation in Ukraine). The number of schoolchildren with a high level of motivation for Physical Education classes increased by 10.5% compared with the results recorded in 2012-2016. The number of students aimed at improving their own state of social health increased by 17.1%.The content of Physical Education syllabus of years 2012 and 2017 has significant advantages over the syllabus of the Soviet times in the context of developing students’ desire to be engaged in Physical Education on the whole and improve their own level of social health in particular. It is characterized by the improvement of the system of assessing schoolchildren’s achievements in physical fitness, the option to increase the amount of time devoted to students’ mastering various kinds of sports that are of particular interest to them, and the focus on providing schoolchildren with key life competencies.
Determine the unmet need for family planning in a hilly area in a state of North India
Authors: Chauhan Nidhi , Rattan Saurabh 
Published: May 2021

Background: The utilization of family planning services has improved over the decade, but still the SDG’s health target to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health care services is yet to be achieved, unmet need being one of the imperative component.Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken in the rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, from July 2018 to June 2019. Total sample size calculated was 316. Random sampling was used to select eligible couple to whom a predesigned, pretested, semi-structured and anonymous interview schedule was administered after taking consent.Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.2±6.1 years. The modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) was found to be 67.7% among women of reproductive age group (15-49 years). Male condom (36%), followed by female sterilisation (30%) were the most common methods preferred. Unmet need of family planning was found to be 10.4%.Conclusions: Besides male condoms and female sterilisation, other methods of contraception were adopted by meagre number of women. Though, the unmet need for family planning was lesser in this study, still, efforts are needed to plunge it, for ameliorating the contraceptive prevalence rate. Also, the availability of basket of contraceptive choices in government sector need sheer assiduity.
Outcome of instrumental vaginal delivery in university of Abuja teaching hospital: a five-year review
Authors: Henderson Jumbo Caroline T. , Ayogu Malachy E. , Abdullahi Habiba I. 
Published: May 2021

Background: Most women will achieve spontaneous vaginal delivery; however, a few will need assistance in form of Instrumental vaginal delivery (IVD). These are employed to shorten the second stage on labour and to minimize the incidence of cesarean section. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and outcomes of instrumental vaginal delivery at the University of Abuja teaching hospital.Methods: This was a retrospective study of women who had instrumental vaginal delivery over a 5-year period at the University of Abuja teaching hospital. Data on socio-demographic variables, type of instrumental delivery performed, Apgar scores of neonates delivered, indications and complication were obtained from the labour ward registers and case notes of patients and entered into a proforma and analysed using SPSS software for Windows version 23.Results: Instrumental vaginal delivery (IVD) rate performed for both Vacuum or Forceps) was 0.99%, Forceps delivery was 0.30% and vacuum accounted for 0.69% of all deliveries. The mean maternal age was 27.53±5.5 years and 51 (54.8%) of the parturient were primigravidae, 55 (59.1%) were booked patients. Delayed second stage of labour (38.7%) was the most common indications for IVD. Maternal complications noted were genital tract laceration 17 (18.3%) and primary post-partum haemorrhage 10 (10.8%). The mean APGAR scores was 6 and 8 in the first and fifth minutes respectively, live births were 85 (91.4%), stillbirths were 7 (7.5%) and one early neonatal death was recorded (1.1%) due to asphyxia as a result of difficult forceps delivery.Conclusions: The IVD rate at UATH is low with good maternal and fetal outcome and preference for vacuum delivery.
Clinicopathological study of solitary thyroid nodule in Kolhan belt of Jharkhand
Authors: Saxena Rajeev , Kanth Shiwani , Jha Rohit Kumar , Jee Devandra 
Published: May 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Thyroid disorders are commonly encountered in our daily practice and specially in countries like India and Nepal (foothill areas). There are variety of lesions that can arise within thyroid gland. In such scenario it is important to diagnose neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions accurately with minimum complications so that proper management can be done as early as possible. The aim of the study was to know clinical spectrum of solitary thyroid nodules and diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology as compared to histopathological examination.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted our study over a period of 21 months from July 2018 to March 2020. 74 patients who gave consent and presented with solitary thyroid swelling were included in the study. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our study, cases mostly presented in the age group of 31-40 years with a female preponderance. Colloid goiter was the most common pathology which presented as solitary thyroid nodule. Among neoplastic lesions, follicular adenoma was the most common benign neoplasia with papillary thyroid carcinoma being the most common malignancy. FNAC had sensitivity of 78%, specificity-100%, positive predictive value-100%, negative predictive value-88% and diagnostic accuracy-92%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Majority of solitary thyroid nodules are found in females of middle age group. In our study we found FNAC as valuable diagnostic tool specially in benign cases.</p><p class="abstract"> </p><p> </p>
Uma Análise Empírica entre Desenvolvimento Econômico e Soft Power
Authors: Vale Sergio Rodrigo 
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Identificar empiricamente o impacto do desenvolvimento econômico e a volatilidade do mesmo sobre o soft power.Método: Pesquisa de natureza empírica com a utilização de instrumental econométrico por regressão simples e variáveis instrumentais, utilizando-se dados de diversas fontes, especialmente de McClory (2017) e FMI.Principais resultados: Corrobora-se a ideia de que países com maior desenvolvimento econômico possuem mais soft power e também que a maior volatilidade desse desenvolvimento é relacionada a menor soft power.Relevância e originalidade: Nos últimos anos, a discussão sobre soft power tem crescido, especialmente para países emergentes em que o hard power é menor. Mas será que a capacidade de influência externa através do soft power pode estar dissociada da própria capacidade de desenvolvimento do país?. Esse assunto é pouco analisado na literatura e especialmente a ideia de que países mais voláteis levam a menor soft power é particularmente inédita.Contribuições teóricas: O artigo traz à luz a discussão necessária do papel do desenvolvimento econômico na geração de soft power nos diversos países. Países mais desenvolvidos teriam condições de explorar melhor suas capacidades de soft power.Contribuições sociais: Em tempos de mudanças geopolíticas tão profundas com a disputa entre China e Estados Unidos, é importante o entendimento de que explorar o capital de soft power de cada país seria facilitado se as condições de progresso econômico doméstico estivessem mais bem ancoradas. O desenvolvimento econômico e social de cada país vem antes de se buscar maior soft power.
Technology Focus: History Matching and Forecasting (April 2021)
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: May 2021

In the words of the authors of paper SPE 202460, one of three outstanding SPE conference papers selected by reviewer Gopi Nalla of DeGolyer and MacNaughton for this month’s feature, “As geological and completion complexity of oil and gas fields increases, building a fully representative predictive reservoir model can be arduous to almost impossible.” However, as we see in these papers, new tools and techniques are being developed to match the ability of engineers to meet the challenges posed by assets such as shale reservoirs and maturing fields.
The authors of paper SPE 200466 developed a novel method in which the results of assisted history matching are applied to well-spacing optimization in a shale development, using information extracted from uncertainty and the interpolated maximum net present value. Applied to a real shale well, it is determined by the authors to be reliable enough to apply to other wells.
Paper SPE 202460 exemplifies the accelerating development and popularity of artificial intelligence (AI) in industry applications as its authors outline what they call a top-down approach that uses AI and artificial neural networks to obtain good matching results for a geologically complex offshore Malaysian field.
Finally, the authors of paper SPE 199149 describe a work flow that uses a coupled hydraulic fracturing, geomechanics, and reservoir simulator to identify what they term rate-transient-analysis “motifs,” characteristics that aid in iteration and history matching of unconventional well models.
Thanks once again to all of our JPT reviewers and readers, who make certain that our members, and our industry, remain equipped to adapt to challenging conditions both below and above ground.
Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.
SPE 201785 - Application of Deep Learning Methods in Evaluating Well Production Potential Using Surface Measurements by Abdullah Alakeely, Stanford University, et al.
SPE 200598 - Numerical Simulation Guideline of Oil Recovery by Cycle-Dependent Three-Phase Process Using Coreflood Experiments by Hassan Al Zayer, Saudi Aramco, et al.
SPE 202370 - Real-Time History-Matched Models for Unconventional Well Ensure Reliable Forecasting and Rewarding Optimization by Arman Vahedi, PetroAus, et al.