bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health behaviours of teachers and other education professionals in France: can we do better?
Authors: Temam Sofia , Billaudeau Nathalie , Kab Sofiane , Zins Marie , Alexander Stéphanie , Vercambre Marie-Noël 
Published: September 2021

Summary
Education professionals play a critical role in health education, both as knowledge providers and as role-models. Drawing on the CONSTANCES French cohort (baseline 2012–19) and adjusting for important confounders, we compared education professionals (n = 14 730) with a random sample of non-education sector employees (n = 34 244) on three indicators of high-risk behaviour (at-risk drinking, current smoking, past-year cannabis use) and three indicators of unhealthy lifestyle (low physical activity, poor adherence to nutritional guidelines, overweight/obesity). Among education professionals, we distinguished between teachers (n = 12 820), school principals (n = 372), senior education advisers (n = 189), school health professionals (n = 128) and school service staff (n = 1221). Compared with non-education sector employees with similar demographic and socioeconomic profiles, teachers were less likely to be at-risk drinkers, to smoke, to have used cannabis in the past year and to be overweight/obese. Other non-teaching education professionals were also less involved in high-risk behaviours than non-education employees, but results were more mixed concerning some lifestyle indicators, with certain non-teaching education professional groups showing a higher likelihood of being physically inactive or overweight/obese. In this nationwide French study, our results suggest a window of opportunity to promote school staff health but also indirectly, that of the youth with whom they interact daily. We suggest that school staff should be supported in health matters not only through the provision of health information but also most importantly, through the development of a favourable and supportive environment enabling them to put health knowledge into practice.
The bewildered peasant: family, migration and murder in the Greek Cypriot community in London
Authors: Panayi Panikos , Varnava Andrekos 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Greek Cypriots became a key feature of early post-Second World War London. This article focuses on the case of the penultimate woman hanged in Britain, Styllou Christofi, who was executed in December 1954 for the murder of her German-born daughter-in-law, Hella. It outlines the emergence of the Cypriot community in London, tackles the image of the Cypriot in the British imperial imagination and investigates the hostility that this new community faced in Britain. The article investigates the nature of family in Cyprus and London and questions why Cypriots have received so little attention from historians, despite their numbers.
Fisheries connectivity measures of adaptive capacity in small-scale fisheries
Authors: Nomura Keiko , Samhouri Jameal F , Johnson Andrew F , Giron-Nava Alfredo , Watson James R 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSmall-scale fisheries (SSFs) around the world are increasingly facing pressures from a range of environmental, economic, and social sources. To sustain SSFs, it is imperative to understand how fishing communities adapt to these pressures. In particular, to manage economic risks fishers often catch many different species; diversifying harvest portfolios creates multiple income sources in case one species becomes less abundant, less valuable, or otherwise unavailable. Here, we apply fisheries connectivity network analysis to assess the portfolios and potential adaptive capacity of small-scale fishing communities in the Baja California Peninsula (BCP), Mexico. We found that network metrics like modularity and density varied by region and through time. The Pacific coast region of Baja California displayed increasingly modular fisheries connectivity networks, indicating fisheries landings became increasingly asynchronous with each other and the potential adaptive capacity increased. The remaining three regions of Baja California showed the opposite trend, where the temporal covariance between fisheries increased over time. Overall, this study shows that the potential adaptive capacity of fishing communities varies substantially throughout the BCP, and highlights how fisheries connectivity networks can offer a way to quantify and advance our understanding of adaptive capacity within small-scale fishing communities.
Genetic differentiation between inshore and offshore populations of northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis)
Authors: Hansen Agneta , Westgaard Jon-Ivar , Søvik Guldborg , Hanebrekke Tanja , Nilssen Einar Magnus , Jorde Per Erik , Albretsen Jon , Johansen Torild 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMany marine organisms have a permanent presence both inshore and offshore and spawn in multiple areas, yet their status as separate populations or stocks remain unclear. This is the situation for the northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) around the Arctic Ocean, which in northern Norway represents an important income for a small-scale coastal fishery and a large-vessel offshore fleet. In Norwegian waters, we uncovered two distinct genetic clusters, viz. a Norwegian coastal and a Barents Sea cluster. Shrimps with a mixed heritage from the Norwegian coastal and the Barents Sea clusters, and genetically different from both, inhabit the fjords at the northernmost coast (Finnmark). Genetic structure between fjords did not display any general trend, and only the Varangerfjord in eastern Finnmark displayed significant genetic structure within the fjord. Shrimps in the Finnmark fjords differed in some degree from shrimps both in the adjacent Barents Sea and along the rest of the coast and should probably be considered a separate management unit.
Aortic valve neocuspidization for aortic regurgitation associated with ventricular septal defect
Authors: Sivalingam Sivakumar , Haranal Maruti , Pathan Iqbal Hussain 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Different methods of aortic valve repair have been described in the literature for aortic regurgitation (AR) associated with doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defects. Our goal was to present our experience with aortic valve reconstruction of a single leaflet using the aortic valve neocuspidization technique in this subset of patients.

METHODS
It is a retrospective review of 7 patients with doubly committed subarterial ventricular septal defects with significant (&gt;moderate) AR who underwent the single-leaflet neocuspidization technique of aortic valve reconstruction from January 2016 to January 2019. Data were collected from medical records. All patients had thorough 2-dimensional echocardiographic assessment preoperatively and during the follow-up period. Primary end points were freedom from postoperative AR and freedom from reoperation and all-cause mortality within the follow-up period with secondary end points of freedom from thromboembolism and infective endocarditis.

RESULTS
Out of 7 patients, 6 were male and 1 was female. There were no perioperative deaths. The mean follow-up period was 2.6 ± 0.8 years. No deaths occurred during the follow-up period. At the latest follow-up examination, only 2 patients showed mild AR and were asymptomatic. There was no documented event of infective endocarditis or thromboembolism during the follow-up period.

CONCLUSIONS
The aortic leaflet neocuspidization procedure for the aortic valve is a relatively new concept. Availability of a template makes it an easily reproducible valve repair in paediatric patients with a single-leaflet abnormality. This technique preserves the remaining 2 normal leaflets, thus promoting the growth potential while maintaining near normal aortic root complex dynamics.
Circulating levels of maternal vitamin D and risk of ADHD in offspring: results from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial
Authors: Chu Su H , Huang Mengna , Kelly Rachel S , Kachroo Priyadarshini , Litonjua Augusto A , Weiss Scott T , Lasky-Su Jessica 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
Low levels of circulating 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] have been shown to associate with prevalent attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but few studies have examined the association between 25(OH)D during fetal development and risk of childhood ADHD.

Methods
Maternal plasma 25(OH)D was measured at 10–18 and 32–38 weeks of gestation, with sufficiency defined as 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/ml. Offspring ADHD status between ages 6–9 years was measured by parent report of clinical ADHD diagnosis among 680 mother-child pairs from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial. Association between maternal 25(OH)D and child ADHD was assessed using logistic regression, adjusting for maternal age, race and ethnicity. Effect modification by offspring sex was also assessed.

Results
No associations between maternal 25(OH)D at 10–18 weeks of gestation and offspring ADHD were observed. In the third trimester, we observed associations between maternal vitamin D sufficiency and offspring ADHD [odds ratio (OR) 0.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26–0.84], in addition to maternal 25(OH)D sufficiency category, comparing the deficient (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.12–0.94), insufficient (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.15–1.10) and sufficient (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.08–0.54) categories against highly deficient 25(OH)D, respectively. Stratified analyses revealed a protective association for sufficient maternal 25(OH)D and child ADHD among males (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.23–0.94); the synergy index for additive effect modification of risk was 1.78 (95% CI 0.62–5.08).

Conclusions
Higher levels of maternal vitamin D in the third trimester are associated with lower risk of ADHD in offspring, with modest evidence for a stronger effect among male offspring. However, larger studies will be necessary to confirm these findings.
Reproductive factors and gall-bladder cancer, and the effect of common genetic variants on these associations: a case–control study in India
Authors: Mhatre Sharayu , Lacey Ben , Sherliker Paul , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Rajaraman Preetha , Goel Mahesh , Patkar Shraddha , Ostwal Vikas , Patil Prachi , Shrikhande Shailesh V , Chitkara Garvit , Badwe Rajendra , Lewington Sarah , Dikshit Rajesh 
Published: September 2021

Abstract

Background
In India, as elsewhere, the incidence of gall-bladder cancer (GBC) is substantially higher in women than in men. Yet, the relevance of reproductive factors to GBC remains poorly understood.

Methods
We used logistic regression adjusted for age, education and area to examine associations between reproductive factors and GBC risk, using 790 cases of histologically confirmed GBC and group-matched 1726 visitor controls. We tested the interaction of these associations by genetic variants known to increase the risk of GBC.

Results
Parity was strongly positively associated with GBC risk: each additional pregnancy was associated with an ∼25% higher risk {odds ratio [OR] 1.26 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.17–1.37]}. After controlling for parity, GBC risk was weakly positively associated with later age of menarche [postmenopausal women, OR 1.11 (95% CI 1.00–1.22) per year], earlier menopause [OR 1.03 (95% CI 1.00–1.06) per year] and shorter reproductive lifespan [OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.01–1.07) per year], but there was little evidence of an association with breastfeeding duration or years since last pregnancy. Risk alleles of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the ABCB4 and ABCB1 genetic regions had a multiplicative effect on the association with parity, but did not interact with other reproductive factors.

Conclusions
We observed higher GBC risk with higher parity and shorter reproductive lifespan, suggesting an important role for reproductive and hormonal factors.
A two-stage approximation strategy for piecewise smooth functions in two and three dimensions
Authors: Amat Sergio , Levin David , Ruiz-Álvarez Juan 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Given values of a piecewise smooth function $f$ on a square grid within a domain $[0,1]^d$, $d=2,3$, we look for a piecewise adaptive approximation to $f$. Standard approximation techniques achieve reduced approximation orders near the boundary of the domain and near curves of jump singularities of the function or its derivatives. The insight used here is that the behavior near the boundaries, or near a singularity curve, is fully characterized and identified by the values of certain differences of the data across the boundary and across the singularity curve. We refer to these values as the signature of $f$. In this paper, we aim at using these values in order to define the approximation. That is, we look for an approximation whose signature is matched to the signature of $f$. Given function data on a grid, assuming the function is piecewise smooth, first, the singularity structure of the function is identified. For example, in the two-dimensional case, we find an approximation to the curves separating between smooth segments of $f$. Secondly, simultaneously, we find the approximations to the different segments of $f$. A system of equations derived from the principle of matching the signature of the approximation and the function with respect to the given grid defines a first stage approximation. A second stage improved approximation is constructed using a global approximation to the error obtained in the first stage approximation.
Backward Euler method for the equations of motion arising in Oldroyd model of order one with nonsmooth initial data
Authors: Bir Bikram , Goswami Deepjyoti , Pani Amiya K 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, a backward Euler method combined with finite element discretization in spatial direction is discussed for the equations of motion arising in the two-dimensional Oldroyd model of viscoelastic fluids of order one with the forcing term independent of time or in $L^{\infty }$ in time. It is shown that the estimates of the discrete solution in Dirichlet norm is bounded uniformly in time. Optimal a priori error estimate in $\textbf {L}^2$-norm is derived for the discrete problem with nonsmooth initial data. This estimate is shown to be uniform in time, under the assumption of uniqueness condition. Finally, we present some numerical results to validate our theoretical results.
Quartic Lp-convergence of cubic Riemannian splines
Authors: Hardering Hanne , Wirth Benedikt 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We prove quartic convergence of cubic spline interpolation for curves into Riemannian manifolds as the grid size of the interpolation grid tends to zero. In contrast to cubic spline interpolation in Euclidean space, where this result is classical, the interpolation operator is no longer linear. Still, concepts from the linear setting may be generalized to the Riemannian case, where we try to use intrinsic Riemannian formulations and avoid charts as much as possible.
L
p
-L
q Boundedness of (k, a)-Fourier Multipliers with Applications to Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Kumar Vishvesh , Ruzhansky Michael 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
The $(k,a)$-generalised Fourier transform is the unitary operator defined using the $a$-deformed Dunkl harmonic oscillator. The main aim of this paper is to prove $L^p$-$L^q$ boundedness of $(k, a)$-generalised Fourier multipliers. To show the boundedness, we first establish Paley inequality and Hausdorff–Young–Paley inequality for $(k, a)$-generalised Fourier transform. We also demonstrate applications of obtained results to study the well-posedness of nonlinear partial differential equations.
On the Second Homotopy Group of Spaces of Commuting Elements in Lie Groups
Authors: Adem Alejandro , Gómez José Manuel , Gritschacher Simon 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Let $G$ be a compact connected Lie group and $n\geqslant 1$ an integer. Consider the space of ordered commuting $n$-tuples in $G$, ${\operatorname {\textrm {Hom}}}({\mathbb {Z}}^n,G)$, and its quotient under the adjoint action, $\textrm {Rep}({\mathbb {Z}}^n,G):={\operatorname {\textrm {Hom}}}({\mathbb {Z}}^n,G)/G$. In this article, we study and in many cases compute the homotopy groups $\pi _2({\operatorname {\textrm {Hom}}}({\mathbb {Z}}^n,G))$. For $G$ simply connected and simple, we show that $\pi _2({\operatorname {\textrm {Hom}}}({\mathbb {Z}}^2,G))\cong {\mathbb {Z}}$ and $\pi _2(\textrm {Rep}({\mathbb {Z}}^2,G))\cong {\mathbb {Z}}$ and that on these groups the quotient map ${\operatorname {\textrm {Hom}}}({\mathbb {Z}}^2,G)\to \textrm {Rep}({\mathbb {Z}}^2,G)$ induces multiplication by the Dynkin index of $G$. More generally, we show that if $G$ is simple and ${\operatorname {\textrm {Hom}}}({\mathbb {Z}}^2,G)_{\mathds 1}\subseteq {\operatorname {\textrm {Hom}}}({\mathbb {Z}}^2,G)$ is the path component of the trivial homomorphism, then $H_2({\operatorname {\textrm {Hom}}}({\mathbb {Z}}^2,G)_{\mathds 1};{\mathbb {Z}})$ is an extension of the Schur multiplier of $\pi _1(G)^2$ by ${\mathbb {Z}}$. We apply our computations to prove that if $B_{com}G_{\mathds 1}$ is the classifying space for commutativity at the identity component, then $\pi _4(B_{com}G_{\mathds 1})\cong {\mathbb {Z}}\oplus {\mathbb {Z}}$, and we construct examples of non-trivial transitionally commutative structures on the trivial principal $G$-bundle over the sphere ${\mathbb {S}}^{4}$.
On Totally Split Primes in High-Degree Torsion Fields of Elliptic Curves
Authors: Merikoski Jori 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Analogously to primes in arithmetic progressions to large moduli, we can study primes that are totally split in extensions of ${\mathbb {Q}}$ of high degree. Motivated by a question of Kowalski we focus on the extensions ${\mathbb {Q}}(E[d])$ obtained by adjoining the coordinates of $d$-torsion points of a non-CM elliptic curve $E/{\mathbb {Q}}$. We show that for almost all integers $d$ there exists a non-CM elliptic curve $E/{\mathbb {Q}}$ and a prime $p&lt;|\text {Gal}({\mathbb {Q}}(E[d])/{\mathbb {Q}})|= d^{4-o(1)}$, which is totally split in ${\mathbb {Q}}(E[d])$. Note that such a prime $p$ is not accounted for by the expected main term in the Chebotarev Density Theorem. Furthermore, we prove that for almost all $d$ that factorize suitably there exists a non-CM elliptic curve $E/{\mathbb {Q}}$ and a prime $p$ with $p^{0.2694} &lt; d$, which is totally split in ${\mathbb {Q}}(E[d])$. To show this we use work of Kowalski to relate the question to the distribution of primes in certain residue classes modulo $d^2$. Hence, the barrier $p &lt; d^4$ is related to the limit in the classical Bombieri–Vinogradov Theorem. To break past this we make use of the assumption that $d$ factorizes conveniently, similarly as in the works on primes in arithmetic progression to large moduli by Bombieri, Friedlander, Fouvry, and Iwaniec, and in the more recent works of Zhang, Polymath, and the author. In contrast to these works we do not require any of the deep exponential sum bounds (i.e., sums of Kloosterman sums or Weil/Deligne bound). Instead, we only require the classical large sieve for multiplicative characters and we apply Harman’s sieve method to obtain a combinatorial decomposition for primes.
Uniform Random Covering Problems
Authors: Koivusalo Henna , Liao Lingmin , Persson Tomas 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
Motivated by the random covering problem and the study of Dirichlet uniform approximable numbers, we investigate the uniform random covering problem. Precisely, consider an i.i.d. sequence $\omega =(\omega _n)_{n\geq 1}$ uniformly distributed on the unit circle $\mathbb{T}$ and a sequence $(r_n)_{n\geq 1}$ of positive real numbers with limit $0$. We investigate the size of the random set $$\begin{align*} & {\operatorname{{{\mathcal{U}}}}} (\omega):=\{y\in \mathbb{T}: \ \forall N\gg 1, \ \exists n \leq N, \ \text{s.t.} \ | \omega_n -y | &lt; r_N \}. \end{align*}$$Some sufficient conditions for ${\operatorname{{{\mathcal{U}}}}}(\omega )$ to be almost surely the whole space, of full Lebesgue measure, or countable, are given. In the case that ${\operatorname{{{\mathcal{U}}}}}(\omega )$ is a Lebesgue null measure set, we provide some estimations for the upper and lower bounds of Hausdorff dimension.
Effective Multiple Equidistribution of Translated Measures
Authors: Björklund Michael , Gorodnik Alexander 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
We study the joint distributions of translated measures supported on periodic orbits that are expanded by subgroups of diagonal matrices and generalize (special cases) of previous results of Kleinbock–Margulis, Dabbs–Kelly–Li, and Shi. More specifically, we establish quantitative estimates on higher-order correlations for measures with low regularities and derive error terms that only depend on the distances between translations.
Analogues of Entropy in Bi-Free Probability Theory: Microstates
Authors: Charlesworth Ian , Skoufranis Paul 
Published: September 2021

Abstract
In this paper, we extend the notion of microstate free entropy to the bi-free setting. In particular, using the bi-free analogue of random matrices, microstate bi-free entropy is defined. Properties essential to an entropy theory are developed, such as the behaviour of the entropy when transformations on the left variables or on the right variables are performed. In addition, the microstate bi-free entropy is demonstrated to be additive over bi-free collections provided additional regularity assumptions are included and is computed for all bi-free central limit distributions. Moreover, an orbital version of bi-free entropy is examined, which provides a tighter upper bound for the subadditivity of microstate bi-free entropy and provides an alternate characterization of bi-freeness in certain settings.
Logics of Gender, Peace, and Security: Theorizing Gender and Protection at the Intersections of State and Civil Society
Authors: Hall Lucy B 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article traces the discursive construction of women as “civil society actors”; a discourse common to the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) Doctrine and the Women, Peace, and Security (WPS) Agenda. I argue that the discursive construction of women as civil society actors relies on and (re)produces gendered constructions. By tracing the discourses and logics across the R2P Doctrine and WPS Agenda, I demonstrate that both normative frameworks rely on gendered logics of agency. This poses significant dilemmas concerning the implementation of the R2P Doctrine and WPS Agenda. Namely, the gendered and therefore unequal expectations of women's civil society organizations (CSOs) to prevent, detect, and respond to violence. This paper contributes to broader concerns regarding the closer alignment of R2P and WPS, with a focus at where these two frameworks overlap in relation to mass atrocity detection, prevention, and response. The argument this article develops demonstrates that the spaces within and between the WPS Agenda and R2P Doctrine, the agency of women's CSOs is constrained, instrumentalized, and co-opted by the state and market. This presents concerns for the implementation of the aims (shared or otherwise) of R2P and WPS. Finally, this article raises urgent questions concerning the relationship between states and women's CSOs, the funding and independence of CSOs and the expectations placed on CSOs to contribute to international peace and security.