bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An antisense noncoding RNA enhances translation via localized structural rearrangements of its cognate mRNA
Authors: Reis Rodrigo S , Deforges Jules , Schmidt Romy R , Schippers Jos H M , Poirier Yves 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
A large portion of eukaryotic genes are associated with noncoding, natural antisense transcripts (NATs). Despite sharing extensive sequence complementarity with their sense mRNAs, mRNA–NAT pairs elusively often evade dsRNA-cleavage and siRNA-triggered silencing. More surprisingly, some NATs enhance translation of their sense mRNAs by yet unknown mechanism(s). Here, we show that translation enhancement of the rice (Oryza sativa) PHOSPHATE1.2 (PHO1.2) mRNA is enabled by specific structural rearrangements guided by its noncoding antisense RNA (cis-NATpho1.2). Their interaction in vitro revealed no evidence of widespread intermolecular dsRNA formation, but rather specific local changes in nucleotide base pairing, leading to higher flexibility of PHO1.2 mRNA at a key high guanine-cytosine�(GC) regulatory region inhibiting translation, ∼350-nt downstream of the start codon. Sense–antisense RNA interaction increased formation of the 80S complex in PHO1.2, possibly by inducing structural rearrangement within this inhibitory region, thus making this mRNA more accessible to 60S. This work presents a framework for nucleotide resolution studies of functional mRNA–antisense pairs.
Analysis of intraspecies diversity reveals a subset of highly variable plant immune receptors and predicts their binding sites
Authors: Prigozhin Daniil M , Krasileva Ksenia V 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The evolution of recognition specificities by the immune system depends on the generation of receptor diversity and on connecting the binding of new antigens with the initiation of downstream signaling. In plant immunity, the innate Nucleotide-Binding Leucine-Rich Repeat (NLR) receptor family enables antigen binding and immune signaling. In this study, we surveyed the NLR complements of 62 ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana and 54 lines of Brachypodium distachyon and identified a limited number of NLR subfamilies that show high allelic diversity. We show that the predicted specificity-determining residues cluster on the surfaces of Leucine-Rich Repeat domains, but the locations of the clusters vary among NLR subfamilies. By comparing NLR phylogeny, allelic diversity, and known functions of the Arabidopsis NLRs, we formulate a hypothesis for the emergence of direct and indirect pathogen-sensing receptors and of the autoimmune NLRs. These findings reveal the recurring patterns of evolution of innate immunity and can inform NLR engineering efforts.
Linking thermodynamics and measurements of protein stability
Authors: Lindorff-Larsen Kresten , Teilum Kaare 
Published: January 2021

AbstractWe review the background, theory and general equations for the analysis of equilibrium protein unfolding experiments, focusing on denaturant and heat-induced unfolding. The primary focus is on the thermodynamics of reversible folding/unfolding transitions and the experimental methods that are available for extracting thermodynamic parameters. We highlight the importance of modelling both how the folding equilibrium depends on a perturbing variable such as temperature or denaturant concentration, and the importance of modelling the baselines in the experimental observables.
Role of an Atypical Cadherin Gene, Cdh23 in Prepulse Inhibition, and Implication of CDH23 in Schizophrenia
Authors: Balan Shabeesh , Ohnishi Tetsuo , Watanabe Akiko , Ohba Hisako , Iwayama Yoshimi , Toyoshima Manabu , Hara Tomonori , Hisano Yasuko , Miyasaka Yuki , Toyota Tomoko , Shimamoto-Mitsuyama Chie , Maekawa Motoko , Numata Shusuke , Ohmori Tetsuro , Shimogori Tomomi , Kikkawa Yoshiaki , Hayashi Takeshi , Yoshikawa Takeo 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
We previously identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) for prepulse inhibition (PPI), an endophenotype of schizophrenia, on mouse chromosome 10 and reported Fabp7 as a candidate gene from an analysis of F2 mice from inbred strains with high (C57BL/6N; B6) and low (C3H/HeN; C3H) PPI levels. Here, we reanalyzed the previously reported QTLs with increased marker density. The highest logarithm of odds score (26.66) peaked at a synonymous coding and splice-site variant, c.753G&gt;A (rs257098870), in the Cdh23 gene on chromosome 10; the c.753G (C3H) allele showed a PPI-lowering effect. Bayesian multiple QTL mapping also supported the same variant with a posterior probability of 1. Thus, we engineered the c.753G (C3H) allele into the B6 genetic background, which led to dampened PPI. We also revealed an e-QTL (expression QTL) effect imparted by the c.753G&gt;A variant for the Cdh23 expression in the brain. In a human study, a homologous variant (c.753G&gt;A; rs769896655) in CDH23 showed a nominally significant enrichment in individuals with schizophrenia. We also identified multiple potentially deleterious CDH23 variants in individuals with schizophrenia. Collectively, the present study reveals a PPI-regulating Cdh23 variant and a possible contribution of CDH23 to schizophrenia susceptibility.
Portal vein thrombosis in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis who underwent oesophagogastric devascularization combined with splenectomy
Authors: Cançado Guilherme G L , Nardelli Mateus J , Barbosa Fernanda A , Silva Catherine F , Osório Fernanda M F , Ferrari Teresa C A , Couto Claudia A , Faria Luciana C 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) has been described in nearly 50% of patients who underwent oesophagogastric devascularization combined with splenectomy (EGDS), but no previous study has compared its occurrence in surgical and non-surgical groups. This study aimed to investigate PVT in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis (HSS) and its association with EGDS and upper variceal bleeding (UVB).

Methods
Retrospectively, 104 HSS individuals were enrolled. Following EGDS, the occurrence of PVT, mesenteric vein thrombosis (MVT), hospital admissions and UVB were recorded.

Results
EGDS was performed in 27 (26%) patients. PVT and MVT were detected in 30 (33%) and 8 (9.8%) patients, respectively. Patients who underwent EGDS were at greater risk of PVT (63% vs 19.7%; odds ratio [OR] 6.12 [95% confidence interval {CI} 2.3 to 16.1], p&lt;0.001) when compared with a non-surgical approach. There was no significant difference in UVB occurrence and β-blocker usage. PVT was associated with more hospital admissions (p=0.030) and higher alkaline phosphatase levels (p=0.008). UVB occurrence in patients with and without thrombosis was similar. In multivariate analysis, after adjustment, PVT was associated with the surgical approach (OR 4.56 [95% CI 1.55 to 13.38], p=0.006) and age at HSS diagnosis (OR 0.94 [95% CI 0.90 to 0.99], p=0.021).

Conclusions
EGDS was not associated with a decreased frequency of UVB when compared with the non-surgical approach but was an independent risk factor for PVT.
Improving turnaround time of molecular diagnosis of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in a hospital in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Rabaan Ali A , Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background
There have been 2562 laboratory-confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 27 countries, with a case fatality rate of 34.5%. Data on the turnaround time (TAT) are lacking. We report TAT for MERS-CoV samples over time.

Methods
This is a monocentric study and the TAT for the reporting of 2664 MERS-CoV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results were calculated in hours from the time of the receipt of respiratory samples to the reporting of the results.

Results
The mean TAT±standard deviation was significantly lower in 2018 compared with previous years (19.25±13.8). The percentage of samples processed within 24 h increased from 42.3% to 73.8% in 2015 and 2018, respectively (p&lt;0.0001). The mean TAT was 19.2 h in 2018 and was significantly lower than previous years.

Conclusions
The TAT for the MERS-CoV results decreased during the study period. Timely reporting of MERS-CoV PCR results may aid in further enhancing infection control measures.
Impaired Wound Healing with Imatinib Mesylate Therapy
Authors: Ronicke Moritz , Erfurt-Berge Cornelia 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT
Medication-induced ulcers are generally rare. Although the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate is frequently prescribed, the occurrence of ulcers related to the medication has not been previously described. Herein, the authors report a case of a patient with impaired wound healing that was attributed to imatinib mesylate treatment. Providers should maintain suspicion for medication-induced ulcers, particularly if treatment for the presumed underlying cause of an ulcer fails.
Effectiveness of a Multimedia Patient Education Intervention on Improving Self-care Knowledge and Skills in Patients with Colorectal Cancer after Enterostomy Surgery: A Pilot Study
Authors: Wang Shou-Yu , Chang Tsai-Hsiu , Han Chiao-Yi 
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE
Colorectal cancer is most commonly treated through surgery. Self-care knowledge and skills are instrumental for disease adaptation once the patient returns home. Therefore, this study examined the effects of a multimedia patient education intervention on improving self-care knowledge and skills in patients with colorectal cancer who underwent colostomy surgery.

METHODS
A quasi-experimental design was adopted to measure the self-care knowledge and skills of patients with colorectal cancer before and after surgery. The experimental group (n = 33) received a multimedia patient education intervention, whereas the control group (n = 30) was provided conventional instructions. Results were evaluated using analysis of covariance.

RESULTS
On the day prior to discharge from hospital, the experimental group exhibited significantly greater improvement in self-care knowledge than did the control group. The experimental group also exhibited significantly greater improvement in self-care skills than did the control group on the day of gas passage, the day prior to discharge from hospital, and during the first clinic visit after discharge from the hospital.

CONCLUSIONS
Multimedia patient education intervention yielded greater improvement in self-care knowledge and skills than did conventional instruction. Therefore, multimedia patient education is an adequate educational tool for patients with colorectal cancer who have undergone colostomy surgery.
Severe Maternal Morbidity and Risk of Mortality Beyond the Postpartum Period
Authors: Ukah U. Vivian , Dayan Natalie , Potter Brian J. , Ayoub Aimina , Auger Nathalie 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE:
To examine long-term risks of mortality after a pregnancy complicated by severe maternal morbidity.

METHODS:
We analyzed a longitudinal cohort of 1,229,306 women who delivered in the province of Quebec, Canada from 1989 through 2016. Severe maternal morbidity included conditions such as cerebrovascular accidents, acute renal failure, severe preeclampsia, and other life-threatening complications. The outcome was in-hospital mortality after the last pregnancy, categorized as postpartum (42 days or fewer after delivery) and long-term (43 days to 29 years after delivery). We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) ofr mortality with 95% CI for severe maternal morbidity compared with no severe morbidity, using Cox regression models adjusted for maternal characteristics.

RESULTS:
Severe maternal morbidity occurred in 2.9% of women. The mortality rate associated with severe maternal morbidity was 0.86 per 1,000 person-years compared with 0.41 per 1,000 person-years for no morbidity. Compared with no morbidity, severe maternal morbidity was associated with two times the rate of death any time after delivery (95% CI 1.81–2.20). Severe cardiac complications (HR 7.00, 85% CI 4.94–9.91), acute renal failure (HR 4.35, 95% CI 2.66–7.10), and cerebrovascular accidents (HR 4.03, 95% CI 2.17–7.48) were the leading morbidities associated with mortality after 42 days.

CONCLUSION:
Women who experience severe maternal morbidity have an accelerated risk of mortality beyond the postpartum period compared with women who do not experience severe morbidity. More intensive clinical follow-up may be merited for women with serious pregnancy complications.
Twelve Live Births After Uterus Transplantation in the Dallas UtErus Transplant Study
Authors: Johannesson Liza , Testa Giuliano , Putman J. Michael , McKenna Gregory J. , Koon E. Colin , York Jackie R. , Bayer Johanna , Zhang Lilly , Rubeo Zachary S. , Gunby Robert T. , Gregg Anthony R. 
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE:To describe aggregated pregnancy outcomes after uterus transplantation from a single, experienced center.METHODS:This prospective study reports on live births among 20 women who received a uterus transplant from 2016 to 2019 at Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas. These live births occurred between November 2017 and September 2020. The main measures were live birth, maternal complications, and fetal and newborn outcomes.RESULTS:There were six graft failures (four surgical complications and two with poor perfusion postoperatively). Of the 14 technically successful transplants, at least one live birth occurred in 11 patients. Thus far, the live birth rate per attempted transplant is 55%, and the live-birth rate per technically successful transplant is 79%. Ten uteri were from nondirected living donors and one uterus was from a deceased donor. In vitro fertilization was performed to achieve pregnancy. Ten recipients delivered one neonate, and one recipient delivered two neonates. One organ rejection episode was detected during pregnancy and was resolved with steroids. The median birth weight was 2,890 g (range 1,770–3,140 g [median 68th percentile]). Maternal weight gain was higher than Institute of Medicine recommendations. Maternal medical complications were observed in five recipients (elevated creatinine level, gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension [n=2], and preeclampsia). In five recipients, maternal medical or obstetric complications led to an unplanned preterm delivery (elevated creatinine level, preeclampsia; preterm labor [n=3]). The median gestational age at delivery was 36 6/7 weeks (range 30 6/7–38 weeks). All neonates were liveborn, with Apgar scores of 8 or higher at 5 minutes.CONCLUSION:Over the first 3 years, our program experienced a live-birth rate per attempted transplant of 55% and a live-birth rate per technically successful transplant of 79%. In our experience, uterus transplantation resulted in a third-trimester live birth in all cases in which pregnancies reached 20 weeks of gestation. Maternal medical and obstetric complications can occur; however, these were manageable by applying principles of generally accepted obstetric practice.CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02656550.
Is There Value in Venous Thromboembolism Chemoprophylaxis After Pediatric Scoliosis Surgery? A 28-Year Single Center Study
Authors: Erkilinc Mehmet , Clarke Amelia , Poe-Kochert Connie , Thompson George H. , Hardesty Christina K. , O’Malley Natasha , Mistovich R. Justin 
Published: January 2021

Background:
With a recognized increase in the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children, especially in those with complex, chronic conditions, it is important for patient safety and risk management to identify subgroups that would benefit from prophylactic treatment. The aim of our study was to assess whether scoliosis surgery in children was associated with an increased incidence of VTE, including deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism, and if chemoprophylaxis is warranted.

Methods:
We reviewed our institution’s Pediatric Orthopaedic Spine Database (1992-2019) to identify patients who had a symptomatic VTE postoperatively.

Results:
There were 1471 patients (1035 female, 436 male) with a mean age at surgery of 12.1±3.2 years (range, 1 to 18 y) underwent posterior spinal fusion and instrumentation (2131 procedures). No patients were given pharmacological VTE prophylaxis, and no routine screening for VTE was performed. Two patients had a lower extremity DVT (0.13%) within 6 months following surgery, (range, 55 to 161 d). Neither patient had a subsequent pulmonary embolism. They were 9 and 17 years of age with a diagnosis of neuromuscular scoliosis (1 each postpolio and myelodysplasia). One affected patient had a central venous line inserted perioperatively, a known risk factor for thromboembolism. All DVTs were treated with appropriately dosed anticoagulants. None had a family history of hypercoagulation.

Conclusions:
The risk of symptomatic VTE is extraordinarily low after pediatric spinal deformity surgery. Mechanical prophylaxis is sufficient in most cases. Further multi-center studies may help identify patient specific risk factors.
Crawford Type IV Congenital Pseudarthrosis of the Tibia: Treatment With Vascularized Fibular Grafting and Outcome at Skeletal Maturity
Authors: El-Gammal Tarek A. , El-Sayed Amr , Kotb Mohamed M. , Saleh Waleed R. , Ragheb Yasser F. , Refai Omar A. , Morsy Mohamed M. , El-Gammal Yousif T. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Vascularized fibular grafting (VFG) is currently accepted as one of the best treatments for congenital tibial pseudoarthrosis (CPT). However, with longer follow-up, functional results deteriorate, and some problems become evident.

Methods:
Thirty-nine patients with CPT were treated with VFG. Their age at surgery averaged 5.2 years. Twenty-one cases aged 3 years or less at the time of surgery. All cases were Crawford type IV affected by neurofibromatosis-1. Fourteen patients had 1 to 7 previous surgeries with an average of 4.2 procedures. The length of the fibula used averaged 9.9 cm, and the fibula was fixed by intramedullary wires in 26 cases, and transfixion screws in 11 cases.

Results:
Follow-up averaged 8.1 years. Seventeen cases (43.6%) reached skeletal maturity before the final follow-up. Primary bone union was achieved in 37 cases (96%) after an average of 3.2 months. Stress fracture occurred in 21 cases (51.3%) and was recurrent in 11 cases. Twenty-one cases (53.8%) developed tibial shaft deformities with an average valgus angle of 13.8 degrees and procurvatum angle of 18.8 degrees. The overall final limb length discrepancy (LLD) averaged 2.2 cm. Ipsilateral ankle valgus deformity occurred in 21 cases (53.8%) and averaged 10 degrees. A total of 17 cases required an average of 2 secondary procedures. The tibial deformity did not appear to remodel with age, but the LLD and the angle of ipsilateral ankle valgus deformity continued to significantly increase until skeletal maturity.

Conclusion:
This study reports the largest single center experience of CPT cases treated with VFG. Free VFG is an excellent treatment option for CPT. Best results are achieved when the procedure is performed at or before the age of 3 years, in the absence of previous surgeries, and with the use of intramedullary fixation. The resulting LLD and the degree of ipsilateral ankle valgus increase with age until skeletal maturity, however, tibial deformity does not remodel and should be corrected at any age if it is excessive. Donor side mild ankle valgus may occur despite sound tibiofibular synostosis.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Scores for Children With Brachial Plexus Birth Injury
Authors: Manske M. Claire , Abarca Nancy E. , Letzelter Joseph P. , James Michelle A. 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Patient-reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) for pediatrics is a validated patient-reported or parent-proxy–reported outcomes assessment tool used to evaluate health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with chronic medical conditions. The health-related quality of life of children with brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) as measured by PROMIS is not well understood. We hypothesized that children with BPBI would report impaired upper extremity (UE) function but normal mobility, pain interference, and peer relationships compared with a reference pediatric population, and that UE function PROMIS scores would be associated with BPBI severity and patient age.

Methods:
This is a retrospective cohort study of 180 children with BPBI ages 5 to 17 years old who responded to 4 pediatric PROMIS domains (mobility, pain interference, peer relationships, and UE function) between April 2017 and April 2019. Responses were converted to a T score, which allows comparison with a reference pediatric population (mean reference score=50). Multivariable linear regression was used to quantify the association between PROMIS scores and age, sex, Narakas type, and composite Mallet score.

Results:
Children with BPBI had normal PROMIS mobility (49.6±8.5), pain interference (44.6±9.7), and peer relationships (52.4±10.6) scores, but reported mild impairment in UE function (40.8±12.1). Age (P<0.0001) and Narakas type (P=0.02) were associated with PROMIS UE function scores, but sex and composite Mallet scores were not. There were no significant associations between the other PROMIS domains and age, sex, Narakas Type, or composite Mallet scores.

Conclusions:
Children with BPBI reported PROMIS scores for mobility, pain interference, and peer relationships similar to the reference population but impairment in UE function. Reported UE function decreased with increasing disease severity and increased with age. These PROMIS domains seem to be useful tools for the clinician to evaluate children with BPBI and better understand the challenges they face. Further study is needed to assess their utility in measuring the effects of treatment interventions.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.