bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mesterséges intelligencia néhány biztonsági vetülete
Authors: Vidács László , Jelasity Márk , Tóth László , Hegedűs Péter , Ferenc Rudolf 
Published: February 2021

Összefoglalás. A mély mesterséges neuronhálók elterjedése az ipari
alkalmazásokban évekkel azok megbízhatóságával, értelmezhetőségével, és biztonságával
kapcsolatos szakterületek fejlődését megelőzően történt. Az egyik, gyakorlatban is
jelentős területen, a képfelismerésben például a megvalósult megoldások szinte már emberi
teljesítményre képesek, de ezzel együtt célzott zajjal ezek a rendszerek félrevezethetők,
megzavarhatók. Jelen kéziratban ismertetünk néhány tipikus biztonsági problémát, valamint
rámutatunk arra, hogy a hagyományos szoftverfejlesztés területén alkalmazott
minőségbiztosítási módszerekkel rokon megoldásokra szükség van az MI-re épülő rendszerek
fejlesztésében, akár a mesterséges neuronhálók biztonságát, akár az MI rendszerek
hagyományos komponenseinek fejlesztését tartjuk szem előtt.
Summary. Research on the trustworthiness, interpretability and security of
deep neural networks lags behind the widespread application of the technology in
industrial applications. For example, in image recognition, modern solutions are capable
of nearly human performance. However, with targeted adversarial noise, these systems can
be arbitrarily manipulated. Here, we discuss some of the security problems and point out
that quality assurance methods used in traditional software development should also be
adapted when developing AI-based systems, whether in the security of artificial neural
networks or traditional components of AI systems. One of the main concerns about neural
networks today that – to the best of our knowledge – affects all deep neural networks is
the existence of adversarial examples. These examples are relatively easy to find and
according to a recent experiment, a well-chosen input can attack more networks at the same
time. In this paper we also present a wider perspective of security of neural
architectures borrowed from the traditional software engineering discipline. While in
traditional development several methods are widely applied for software testing and fault
localization, there is a lack of similar well-established methods in the neural network
context. In case of deep neural networks, systematic testing tools and methods are in the
early stage, and a methodology to test and verify the proper behavior of the neural
networks is highly desirable. Robustness testing of machine learning algorithms is a
further issue. This requires the generation of large random input data using fuzz testing
methods. The adaptation of automatic fault localization techniques has already started by
defining notions like code coverage to neural networks. Lastly, we argue that the
effective development of high quality AI-based systems need well suited frameworks that
can facilitate the daily work of scientists and software developers – like the Deep-Water
framework, presented in the closing part of the paper.
Differences in resting-state functional connectivity according to the level of impulsiveness in patients with internet gaming disorder
Authors: Kim Soo-Jeong , Kim Min-Kyeong , Shin Yu-Bin , Kim Hesun Erin , Kwon Jun Hee , Kim Jae-Jin 
Published: February 2021

AbstractBackground and aimsImpulsiveness is an important factor in the pathophysiology of Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and regional brain functions can be different depending on the level of impulsiveness. This study aimed to demonstrate that different brain mechanisms are involved depending on the level of impulsiveness among patients with IGD.MethodsResting-state functional MRI data were obtained from 23 IGD patients with high impulsivity, 27 IGD patients with low impulsivity, and 22 healthy controls, and seed-based functional connectivity was compared among the three groups. The seed regions were the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and amygdala.ResultsConnectivity of the vmPFC with the left temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) and NAcc-left insula connectivity were significantly decreased in the patients with high impulsivity, compared with the patients with low impulsivity and healthy controls. On the other hand, amygdala-based connectivity with the left inferior frontal gyrus showed decreases in both patient groups, compared with the healthy controls.ConclusionThese findings may suggest a potential relationship between impulsivity and deficits in reward-related social cognition processes in patients with IGD. In particular, certain interventions targeted at vmPFC-TPJ connectivity, found to be impulsivity-specific brain connectivity, are likely to help with addiction recovery among impulsive patients with IGD.
Low-Magnitude Earthquakes at the Eastern Ultraslow-Spreading Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Morozov Alexey Nikolaevich , Vaganova Natalya V. , Antonovskaya Galina N. , Asming Vladimir E. , Gabsatarova Irina P. , Dyagilev Ruslan A. , Shakhova Evgeniya V. , Evtyugina Zinaida A. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractThanks to the new permanent seismic stations installed in the Franz Joseph Land and Severnaya Zemlya arctic archipelagoes, it has become possible at present to record earthquakes occurring in the eastern Gakkel ridge with a much lower detection threshold than that provided by the global network. At present, the lowest recorded magnitude is ML 2.4 and the magnitude of completeness is 3.4. We examined the results of seismic monitoring conducted from December 2016 through January 2020 to show that the earthquake epicenters are not uniformly distributed both in space and over time within the eastern part of the ridge. There were periods of quiescence and seismic activity. Most of the epicenters are confined to the area between 86° and 95.0° E. Relative location techniques were used to locate the single major swarm of earthquakes recorded so far. Most earthquakes were recorded by two or three stations only, so that relative location techniques have been able to yield reliable data for an analysis of the swarm. We showed that there have been actually two swarms that contained different numbers of events. The earthquakes in the larger swarm were occurring nonuniformly over time and clustered at certain depths. The ML scale was calibrated for the Eurasian Arctic based on records of the seismic stations installed in the Svalbard Archipelago, Franz Joseph Land, and on Severnaya Zemlya: −logA0(R)=1.5×logR100+1.0×10−4(R−100)+3.0. The results will help expand our knowledge of the tectonic and magmatic processes occurring within the ultraslow Gakkel ridge, which are reflected in the local seismicity.
A Comparison of Mechanical Wind Filters for Infrasound Sensor Noise Reduction
Authors: McComas Sarah , Hayward Chris , Arrowsmith Stephen , Stump Brian , McKenna Taylor Mihan H. 
Published: February 2021

AbstractInfrasound sensors record the ambient acoustic field that contains not only signals of interest but also noise and clutter. Noise is defined as atmospheric turbulence that is incoherent over the distances of meters, whereas, signals of interest and clutter are acoustic pressure waves that are coherent over 10s of meters to 100s of kilometers. There is a growing interest in monitoring sources that extend across the acoustic spectrum from infrasound (below 20 Hz) into the low-end audible acoustic (20–1000 Hz). Monitoring of these extended band signals with a single sensor is made possible with the development of contemporary infrasound sensors, such as Hyperion IFS-3000 with a flat response from 0.01 to 1000 Hz. Combining infrasound sensors with seismometers provides opportunity to better assess noise contributions for both sensor types and improve characterization of sources that occur close to the solid earth–atmosphere boundary. Because sensors are installed to target these broadband acoustic sources, considerations need to be made when selecting a mechanical wind filter to mitigate the noise, while minimizing the impacts to the signals of interest across these frequency ranges. Motivated by these opportunities, this article compares traditional infrasound wind filter designs, that is, porous hoses rosettes and domes, in an urban setting for frequencies 0.01–45 Hz. Data analysis compares the filters, in terms of their response to noise and signals with direct comparisons of wind filters, as a function of frequency. The quantification of performance of these filters in an urban setting provides insight into their effects on detection of sources of interest in this environment.
Mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio as a predictor of mortality in septic patients
Authors: Thomas Mithun Mathew , P. K. Vasant , Pillai M. Gopalkrishnan 
Published: February 2021

Background: Sepsis is a major cause of mortality among critically ill patients. The complex pathophysiology involves infection with systemic inflammatory response. Early detection of sepsis, helps not only is stratification of risk, but also for monitoring its progression and efficacy of therapeutic interventions. At present there are only few reliable prognostic tools to predict severity and mortality in sepsis. This study evaluates the usefulness of mean platelet value in prognosticating patient admitted with sepsis. Methods: We enrolled 200 patients prospectively, that have been admitted to our Medical ICU for sepsis over 2 years from 2018–2020. Changes in platelet indices, including mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio, were compared between survivors and non-survivors by using student’s t test. The prognostic value of mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio for 28-day mortality was ascertained by multivariate logistic regression. Results: Total 39 (19.5 %) patients expired within 28 days of ICU admission. MPV increased during the first 72 hours of hospital stay for both survivor and non survivors. Mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio was significantly higher in non survivors (P<0.001) as compared to survivors. In multivariate cox regression, mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio was an independent predictor of 28-day mortality, after adjusting for plausible confounders. Conclusions: Mean platelet volume to platelet count ratio is an independent risk factor for poor clinical outcomes. Hence monitoring mean platelet volume can prove as a simple tool to stratify the risk of mortality in septic patients.
Retrospective immediate post-operative comparative study of sequential bilateral total knee replacement versus unilateral total knee replacement for knee primary osteoarthritis
Authors: Kamat Sanil G. , Dessai Rohan 
Published: February 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The study is to compare the immediate post operative outcomes of sequential bilateral versus unilateral total knee replacement (TKR) for the treatment of primary knee osteoarthritis. Study comprised of 96 cases of tricompartmental knee primary osteoarthritis who have undergone unilateral and sequential bilateral total knee arthroplasty at Manipal Hospital, Goa from January 2016 to December 2018. The observations for each group was analysed and duration of hospital stay, post operative mobilisation, fall in haemoglobin level immediate post operative, need for blood transfusion, post operative complications, post operative pain and duration of surgery was recorded. The results were statistically compared. The mean duration of hospital stay, post operative blood loss in terms of fall in HB, post operative pain control, need of transfusions and duration of surgery revealed statistically significant differences.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>Total 96 patients diagnosed with primary tricompartmental osteoarthritis were divided into two groups retrospectively. Group 1 operated with sequential bilateral TKR under single anaesthetic procedure and group 2 with unilateral TKR both operated by same surgeon and anaesthetist.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results: </strong>It was observed that longer duration of surgery and hospital stay, higher fall in HB levels, increased need of analgesics and higher requirement of blood transfusions were associated with group 1 as compared to 2. Complication rates and post op mobilisation was similar in both groups.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sequential bilateral TKR is a viable option for patient with symptomatic bilateral knees but patient selection and pre op counselling takes the priority. </p><p class="abstract"> </p>
Traditional bone setting: an avoidable cause of major limb amputations
Authors: Salihu Mohammed N. , Arojuraye Soliudeen A. , Alabi Ibrahim A. , Yunusa Rilwanu , Mazankwarai Mohammed S. 
Published: February 2021

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite the availability of modern health care services, patients in Nigeria still seek treatment by traditional bone setters. One of the major complications of this type of native fracture treatment is limb gangrene necessitating amputations. The objective of this study was to determine the role of traditional bone setting in major limb amputations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was carried out at a government orthopedic referral hospital. The study involved all patients who underwent major limb amputation between January 2015 and December 2019 in our center. Data were retrieved from medical records and operation registers. Information regarding age, sex, indications and levels of amputation and complications were studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period; of the 297 major limb amputations performedd, 194 (65.3%) were due to traditional bone setting. The median age of the patients was 11.0 years (1 to 45 years) and the interquartile range was 10 years. Majority of the patients 86 (44.3%) affected were children less than 10 years of age. Male were more affected than female (M:F=1:2). Lower limb is more affected than the upper limb. The commonest amputation done was below knee amputation in 79 (40.7%) of cases. The commonest complication was surgical site infection which occurred in 32 (16.5%) patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Traditional bone setting is a leading cause of major limb loss especially in children.</p>
The role of preoperative computed tomography in surgical planning of intertrochanteric femur fractures fixation
Authors: Abdullah El Sayed A. , Salama Mina E. 
Published: February 2021

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> A precise preoperative evaluation of stability of intertrochanteric fractures is crucial for surgical planning. Three dimensional CT scanning is a useful tool for understanding the exact type of fracture pattern. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective study included 40 patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures. They were classified into stable and unstable intertrochanteric fractures according to the X-ray based AO/OTA classification and according to Nakano 3D-CT classification and both classifications were correlated. The patients were operated on using dynamic hip screw (DHS) and were assessed radiologically and clinically by Harris hip score (HHS) after 6 months. <strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> There was significant statistical difference (p=0.031) and relation (p&lt;0.001) between X-ray based AO/OTA classification and 3D-CT classification. Six cases from the 24 cases with stable pattern in AO/OTA system have unstable patterns in the 3D-CT (25%) and their percent from the 22 unstable patterns in 3D-CT is 27.27% and their percent from the total number of patients in the study is 15%. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The superolateral support in the form of the greater trochanter which affects the lateral wall thickness is as important as the posteromedial lesser fragment in assessing the stability of the fracture pattern. </p>
Pandemias y la economía del tráfico
Authors: Valbuena Hernández Pedro Nel 
Published: February 2021

Este artículo elabora una reflexión acerca de los vínculos de la economía del tráfico y diversas pandemias acaecidas desde la edad antigua hasta el Covid-19. Las premisas se respaldan a partir de la literatura relacionada con la temática que se expone. La pandemia actual, reconstituye elementos analógicos con otras pandemias y, sugiere la tensión que emerge entre las medidas gubernamentales de atención a la contingencia y los efectos sobre el proceso económico.
Compartir y reconocer al otro: las claves del liderazgo que exige el momento actual
Authors: Soriano Alejandra , Anzola Castillo Iván 
Published: February 2021

La experiencia y el perfil del profesor Iván Anzola Castillo, dan cuenta de una vida dedicada a la academia y la investigación: administrador de empresas de la Universidad Nacional, especialista en informática e investigación de operaciones. Fundador de Ascolfa, docente de una larga trayectoria en diferentes instituciones y coordinador del area organizacional en la Universidad del Bosque.
Conversamos con él sobre sus perspectivas acerca del momento actual y cómo enfrentarlo desde un modelo de liderazgo que responda a los retos y desafíos que impone la coyuntura que estamos atravesando
O fenômeno variável da posição dos clíticos pronominais em cartas manuscritas dos tempos áureos da borracha
Authors: Freire Bandeira Grace 
Published: February 2021

<p>Neste artigo, tratamos da constituição de um corpus diacrônico do português registrado no Amazonas do século XIX. Os dados a que fazemos referência resultam de pesquisa que tem selecionado e organizado cartas manuscritas datadas de 1877 a 1989; correspondência, fundamentalmente de tom comercial, firmada entre pessoas físicas e jurídicas e a empresa J. G. Araújo, ao longo de 112 anos. Sob o modelo sociolinguístico quantitativo laboviano (LABOV, 1972), trazemos a descrição das formas verbais em uso no conjunto de dados, com destaque para as suas realizações escritas e para a sua relação com pronomes na função objeto. Para tal, analisamos 46 cartas, exemplares do século XIX, (destas, 21 com mais de uma página), com o propósito de estudar qual é o uso majoritário no material em estudo: se a próclise, se a ênclise. Nossos resultados apontam tendência à posição pré-verbal do clítico em relação ao verbo, com 57,31% de ocorrências de ‘me’ e ‘lhe’ em relação a um total de 164 dados. </p>
Investigation on Parasites and some Causes of Mortality in Captive Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis), Pakistan
Authors: KHATTAK Romaan Hayat , LIU Zhensheng , TENG Liwei , AHMED Sher , ALI SHAH Said Sajjad , ABDEL-HAKEE Sara Salah 
Published: February 2021

Background: The present study was conducted in Jul 2019 and Jan 2020 in two wildlife parks of the Nowshera district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, where the endangered Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis) is successfully bred in captivity. We determined diversity of internal and external parasites that take advantage of the situation of congestion, resulting in massive mortalities of wild animals in captivity.
Methods: Internal parasites of living urial were determined by direct wet smear and flotation methods, while dead urial was necropsied for any pertaining observation.
Results: All examined fecal samples were found infected with gastrointestinal parasites, which had significant difference in the total abundance in winter and summer. S. papillosus and H.contortus, and a single protozoan, Eimeria spp. were the dominant parasites in fecal samples. Ticks collected from urial enclosures and dead animals were of single species H. anatolicum. Theileria spp. was observed in blood, while hydatid cysts were found in lungs and liver of necropsied urial.
Conclusion: The study indicates that internal parasites such as Haemonchus contortus and Strongyloides papillosus, while external parasites as Hyalomma anatolicum ticks played major role in the population decline. Strict veterinary control of infectious diseases, provision of hygienic and supplementary diet, and proper maintenance of urial population are necessary measures for the control of mortalities.
The Dark Side of Tobacco Industry's CSR: A Socio-Legal Analysis of the Indonesian Corporate Hegemony Campaign
Authors: Saputra Auditya Firza 
Published: February 2021

This paper aims to seek the legal substance's core problem to reveal how the hegemony latently operates. By doing so, it deconstructs the established dogma about the industry's misperceived social reputation that frequently serves as justifications favoring the industry. As the only country in the Asia-Pacific region that has not yet accessed the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC), Indonesia faces an alarming smoking prevalence rate. The situation has worsened during the COVID-19 outbreak because excessive tobacco smoking behavior increases people’s health vulnerability. Despite the destructive impact, most Indonesian citizens share a common belief about the tobacco industry's importance to the economy. Narratives on economic contribution and the industry’s philanthropic campaigns display the industry as the protagonist sector and play a significant role in creating a false public opinion on the tobacco industry's reputation. Using a qualitative socio-legal approach, this paper critically describes how the industry uses the hegemonic methods manifested in CSR campaigns, which contradict the ethical principle to secure its market dominance. As a result, the partial legal approach to tobacco control regarding CSR encountered minimalist market interventions from the government, which emerges as the main causes of such an anomaly. As the tobacco control challenge predictably gets more difficult on the verge of an economic downturn, the urgency of accessing the FCTC is highly crucial to saving us from the upcoming demographic calamity.
KEYWORDS: Tobacco Industry, Business & Human Rights, Corporate Hegemony.