bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of legibility and seating areas on social interaction in the neighbourhood park and plaza
Authors: Paydar Mohammad , Kamani Fard Asal 
Published: March 2021

PurposePromoting social interaction contributes to social sustainability in the urban setting. And, legibility is one of the key qualities of successful urban places. This research aims to examine the impacts of legibility and the quality of seating areas on the level of engagement with place as well as social interaction.Design/methodology/approachThe levels of social interaction in different public spaces of the selected neighbourhood were observed. On this basis, the neighbourhood park and neighbourhood entry plaza were selected. A sample of 234 people was determined and a quantitative approach was used to examine the objectives.FindingsInhabitants were more interested in passive engagement with place. Certain cultural and spatial attributes contribute to enhancing social interaction. Legibility was poorly recognizable especially due to the weak level of visibility. The quality and quantity of seating area provision as well as visual connectivity are to be improved so that the legibility as well as the social interaction enhances. Finally, the implications in regards the prospect-refuge theory were described.Originality/valuePromoting social interaction has been less regarded by urban planners and policy makers in the context of Asian cities. In a historical context with a mix of native-born citizens and immigrants, where different types of crime exist and it suffers from illegible structure in its different parts, understanding the urban design interventions of engagement with place as well as social interaction is an important subject. Policy makers may apply these findings to improve the positive social interactions in such residential neighbourhoods.
Assessing the post-occupancy performance of educational design/build: the thinking while doing initiative
Authors: Verderber Stephen 
Published: March 2021

PurposeEducational design/build (e-d/b) curricula in university-level professional schools of architecture have flourished in recent years, internationally, as new programs are launched and the volume of built work increases dramatically. This growing body of built work, however, has typically not been subjected to rigorous behavioral assessment from the standpoint of what is actually built, as experienced through the eyes of user-recipients in the everyday milieu. The lack of rigor in this aspect of assessing the efficacy of what gets built continues to hinder evidence-based academic scholarship on this subject.Design/methodology/approachAn interdisciplinary research initiative titled Thinking While Doing, spanning the years 2013–2019, centered on exploring the inner profundities of e-d/b. As part of a multifaceted project involving seven universities in Canada and the United States, behaviorally focused post-occupancy assessments were conducted of three open-air pavilion structures from the viewpoint of 161 respondents' impressions, degree of satisfaction and everyday uses.FindingsFunctionality, community context, materiality and aesthetic factors were among the set of variables analyzed. Among the results, the three open air pavilions were viewed as tectonically sound and aesthetically iconic and were considered to be valued additions to their immediate physical contexts and local community.Research limitations/implicationsStudy limitations and directions for future research are discussed.Practical implicationsStudent learning objectives in relation to the design intent of the built structures are highlighted.Social implicationsThis evidence-based design research empowers stakeholders seeking campus-community partnership opportunities.Originality/valueThis is the first comparative, behaviorally focused appraisal of its type from the perspective of everyday user-recipients in the realm of e-d/b.
Review of empirical research on university social responsibility
Authors: Huang Yung-Fu , Do Manh-Hoang 
Published: March 2021

PurposeThis paper aims to systematically review the university social responsibility (USR) implementation from the empirical studies, which published during the period from 2004 to 2020.Design/methodology/approachThe bibliometric method has been employed to review prior empirical research on higher education social responsibility topics.FindingsThese synthesis results confirmed that USR initiatives as an excellent tool to attain sustainability and enhance university performance worldwide. Universities in developed nations underline paying more attention to the core values in the long-term; meanwhile, their counterparts in transitional countries to pay more attention to short-term activities by focusing on stakeholders.Research limitations/implicationsThe notable limitation is that in terms of the number of empirical papers employed as the data to analyze in this manuscript.Practical implicationsThis paper's findings have described the USR implementations and how well to define USR adoption from the empirical studies globally. Thus, it has theoretical implications in enriching the USR knowledge and providing useful guidance for universities, then recommend new research directions in the future for other scholars.Originality/valueThis research is an initial attempt to systematize studies on USR implementation in universities between developed countries and developing nations.
Study on risk index system and prevention mechanism under information disclosure in China
Authors: Jin Luosong , Liu Weidong , Chen Cheng , Wang Wei , Long Houyin 
Published: March 2021

PurposeWith the advent of the information age, this paper aims to apply risk analysis theories to study the risk prevention mechanism of information disclosure, thus supporting the green electricity supply.Design/methodology/approachThis paper conducts a comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the impact of power market transactions, power market operations and effective government supervision, so as to figure out the core risk content of power market information disclosure. Moreover, AHP-entropy method is adopted to weigh different indicators of information disclosure risks for the participants in the electricity market.FindingsThe potential reasons for information disclosure risk in the electricity market include insufficient information disclosure, high cost of obtaining information, inaccurate information disclosure, untimely information disclosure and unfairness of information disclosure.Originality/valueSome suggestions and implications on risk prevention mechanism of information disclosure in the electricity market are provided, so as to ensure the green electricity supply and promote the electricity market reform in China.
Firms’ legitimation through corporate governance and its association with risk and return in Brazil
Authors: Miranda Kléber Formiga , Melo Jefferson Ricardo do Amaral , Martins Orleans Silva 
Published: March 2021

Purpose
This study aims to examine the listing of firms at the highest corporate governance level of the Brazilian stock exchange (B3) as a means of legitimation and its relationship with risk and return on investment.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper analyzes 205 companies from 2010 to 2019, in which firms listed at the Novo Mercado level were compared with groups composed of other firms traded on B3.

Findings
The main results demonstrate that a listing at the supposedly higher level of corporate governance in Brazil does not indicate lower risk, a higher return or even a better risk-return ratio.

Research limitations/implications
The findings are restricted to this sample, representing the association identified between the analyzed phenomena and not a cause-effect relationship.

Practical implications
The highest level of corporate governance in Brazil brings together firms that present a higher risk (at least systematic) and lower returns (at least financial) because they seek to legitimize themselves in the market as firms committed to better management practices.

Social implications
These findings are useful to investors, the stock exchange, regulatory agents and the companies themselves to reflect on the purpose and usefulness of different levels of corporate governance in Brazil.

Originality/value
This study differs from the others that relate corporate governance to risk or return because it does not deal individually with corporate governance practices, but rather the phenomenon that is listed in a special governance level, created by the stock exchange, serving as a kind of seal legitimation.
Bodies of data: doubles, composites, and aggregates
Authors: Douglas‐Jones Rachel 
Published: March 2021

AbstractIn this essay, I describe three bodies of data, analysing how relations are drawn between physical, digital, and political composites. Following the phrase ‘getting to know your data self’, my aim is to draw out the kinds of relations people use data to make, and the versions of the body that I find codified in data imaginaries. Thematically, the stories give different accounts of control over data, as the data body is doubled, built out of composites, and aggregated into a body politic.
Review article: Emergency department crowding measures associations with quality of care: A systematic review
Authors: Jones Peter G , Mountain David , Forero Roberto 
Published: March 2021

AbstractED crowding has been reported to reduce the quality of care. There are many proposed crowding metrics, but the metric most strongly associated with care quality remains unknown. The present study aims to determine the crowding metric with the strongest links with processes and outcomes of care linked to the Institute of Medicine quality domains. Systematic searches in healthcare databases were conducted using terms for ‘crowding’, ‘metrics’ and ‘performance’, supplemented by grey literature and citation searches. The level of evidence for each association was assessed using an explicit tool. The body of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Evidence was synthesised using harvest plots. Titles and abstracts of 2052 studies were screened, 452 selected for full‐text review and 183 included. Inter‐observer agreement was moderate κ = 0.54 (95% confidence interval 0.50–0.59). Two thirds were from urban tertiary hospitals in North America (65%), Australasia (13%), Europe (12%) and Asia (8%). One third provided Level 3 or higher evidence. Metrics were based on occupancy (38%), time (31%), workload (19%) or combinations (9%). Data were synthesised from 25 607 375 patients, 2368 staff, 9089 hospitals and 101 177 sampling times. Almost all crowding metrics were patient‐centred and reflect timeliness and efficiency. ED length of stay, boarding time and total occupancy had the strongest association with safety and effectiveness of care. ED length of stay was also associated with equity. The certainty of evidence for associations between crowding measures varied across domains of quality, from very low to moderate certainty.
No reliance on guidance: counter‐signaling in management forecasts
Authors: Aghamolla Cyrus , Corona Carlos , Zheng Ronghuo 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis study presents and provides an explanation for a novel stylized fact: both high‐performing and troubled companies withhold issuing earnings guidance. We assume that the manager's ability affects the level of earnings and the accuracy of guidance, but issuing a forecast is costless for all manager types. Managers are thus able to signal their ability through accuracy in their forecasts. While high ability managers would seem to benefit the most from issuing guidance, in equilibrium we find that both high and low ability managers withhold issuing guidance, while intermediate types forecast. Hence, high ability managers counter‐signal in equilibrium, which does not result in a subsequent “punishment” by the market.
Plasma HMGB1 levels and physical performance in ICU survivors
Authors: Brück Emily , Svensson‐Raskh Anna , Larsson Jacob W. , Caravaca April S. , Gallina Alessandro L. , Eberhardson Michael , Sackey Peter V. , Olofsson Peder S. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractPurposePhysical impairment after critical illness is recognized as a part of the post‐intensive care syndrome (PICS). About one third of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors suffer from long‐term physical disability, yet the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain poorly understood. The pro‐inflammatory alarmin, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), promotes muscle dysfunction in experimental models, and HMGB1 stays elevated in some patients after ICU discharge. Accordingly, we investigated the relationship between HMGB1 plasma levels and physical performance in ICU survivors.MethodsProspective cohort study of 100 ICU survivors from the general ICU at the Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden. Patients returned for follow up at 3 (58 patients) and 6 months (51 patients) after ICU discharge. Blood samples were collected, and a 6‐minute walk test (6‐MWT), a handgrip‐strength test (HST), and a timed‐stands test (TST) were performed.ResultsCompared to reference values of the different physical tests, 16% of patients underperformed at all tests at 3 months and 12% at 6 months. All test results, except hand‐grip strength left, improved significantly over the follow‐up period (P < .05). There was no significant association between plasma HMGB1 levels at 3 and 6 months and scores on the three tests (6‐MWT, TST, and HST) (P = .50‐0.69).ConclusionIn this follow‐up study of ICU survivors, we found no significant association between plasma HMGB1 levels and physical performance. Additional follow‐up studies of HMGB1 plasma levels and muscle function in ICU survivors are still warranted.Editorial CommentHMGB‐1, a marker of cell damage and activation, is known to increase in ICU patients. In study participants at 3‐ to 6‐month post‐ICU stay, HMGB‐1 levels were still elevated, although no association to the primary outcome, physical performance, was found. Mechanisms for failure to recover physical performance post‐ICU remain unclear, and investigations into cause of post‐intensive care syndrome need to continue.Trial registrationsClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02914756.
Meta‐analyses of gabapentinoids for pain management after knee arthroplasty: A caveat emptor? A narrative review
Authors: Joshi Girish P. , Kehlet Henrik 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe use of gabapentinoids for perioperative pain management after total knee arthroplasty has been the subject of nine systematic reviews and meta‐analyses. A critical analysis of the clinical aspects of the methodology of these publications shows major flaws which limit the interpretation for the recommended use of perioperative gabapentinoids in pain management for unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty. Consequently, readers and authors of systematic reviews and meta‐analyses should critically assess the clinical aspects of the included studies.
Mesenchymal stem cell‐derived extracellular vesicles reduce senescence and extend health span in mouse models of aging
Authors: Dorronsoro Akaitz , Santiago Fernando E. , Grassi Diego , Zhang Tianpeng , Lai Ruenn Chai , McGowan Sara J. , Angelini Luise , Lavasani Mitra , Corbo Lana , Lu Aiping , Brooks Robert W. , Garcia‐Contreras Marta , Stolz Donna B. , Amelio Antonio , Boregowda Siddaraju V. , Fallahi Mohammad , Reich Adrian , Ricordi Camillo , Phinney Donald G. , Huard Johnny , Lim Sai Kiang , Niedernhofer Laura J. , Robbins Paul D. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAging drives progressive loss of the ability of tissues to recover from stress, partly through loss of somatic stem cell function and increased senescent burden. We demonstrate that bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) rapidly senescence and become dysfunctional in culture. Injection of BM‐MSCs from young mice prolonged life span and health span, and conditioned media (CM) from young BM‐MSCs rescued the function of aged stem cells and senescent fibroblasts. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from young BM‐MSC CM extended life span of Ercc1−/− mice similarly to injection of young BM‐MSCs. Finally, treatment with EVs from MSCs generated from human ES cells reduced senescence in culture and in vivo, and improved health span. Thus, MSC EVs represent an effective and safe approach for conferring the therapeutic effects of adult stem cells, avoiding the risks of tumor development and donor cell rejection. These results demonstrate that MSC‐derived EVs are highly effective senotherapeutics, slowing the progression of aging, and diseases driven by cellular senescence.
Retracted: Nonfatal firearm injuries: Utilization and expenditures for children pre‐ and postinjury
Authors: Pulcini Christian D. , Goyal Monika K. , Hall Matt , Gruhler De Souza Heidi , Chaudhary Sofia , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Fein Joel , Fleegler Eric W. 
Published: March 2021

AbstractFirearm injuries are one of the leading preventable causes of morbidity and mortality among children. Limited information exists about the impact of nonfatal firearm injuries on utilization and expenditures. Our objective was to compare health care encounters and expenditures 1 year before and 1 year following a nonfatal firearm injury.This was a retrospective cohort study of children 0 to 18 years with ICD‐9/ICD‐10 diagnosis codes for firearm injury in the emergency department or inpatient setting from 2010 to 2016 in the Medicaid MarketScan claims database. Outcomes included 1) difference in health care encounters for 1 year before and 1 year after injury, 2) difference in health care expenditures, and 3) difference in complex chronic disease status. Descriptive statistics characterized patient demographics and health care utilization. Health expenditures were evaluated with Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests.Among 3,296 children, there were 47,660 health care encounters before the injury and 61,660 after. Concomitantly, there was an overall increase of $18.5 million in health expenditures ($5,612 per patient). There was a 40% increase in children qualifying for complex chronic condition status after firearm injury.Children who experience nonfatal firearm injury have increased number of health care encounters, chronic disease classification, and health care expenditures in the year following the injury. Prevention of firearm injuries in this vulnerable age group may result in considerable reductions in morbidity and health care costs.
Consequences of the reintroduction of regionally extinct mammals for vegetation composition and structure at two established reintroduction sites in semi‐arid Australia
Authors: Kemp Jeanette E. , Jensen Rigel , Hall Michelle L. , Roshier David A. , Kanowski John 
Published: March 2021

AbstractAustralia has lost a substantial proportion of its small to medium‐sized mammals since European colonisation. Given the passage of time since local extinctions – decades to more than a century for much of the continent – the consequences of these changes for vegetation are poorly known. In this study, we take advantage of two well‐established mammal reintroduction projects in southern inland Australia to examine the ecological consequences for vegetation of re‐established mammal populations. The study is based on replicated surveys inside and outside fenced reintroduction sites, with treatments characterised by varying presence, absence and composition of reintroduced mammals, feral predators and feral herbivores. We found a suite of differences in vegetation between reintroduction sites and matched controls, with generally lower richness inside reintroduction sites (with one exception). Other compositional differences varied by location, with some functional groups – herbaceous chenopods, shrubby chenopods, introduced geophytes and low shrubs – and a few individual chenopod species – being less frequent inside the reintroduction site at one location. At the same site, mistletoes and orchids were less abundant inside than outside the reintroduction site. Structural differences included a higher percentage of bare ground inside, and a higher ground layer for one inside treatment versus outside. Although the absence of baseline data and replicated temporal data limits inference as to causal factors, many of the results are consistent with data from other reintroduction sites. Some results, especially those for geophytes, mistletoes and some chenopods, may indicate long‐term consequences for those taxa. Whilst predator‐fencing substantially contributes to prevention of extinction of highly threatened mammals, some environmental trade‐offs are inevitable. Nonetheless, given the aims of reintroductions include re‐constructing natural ecosystem processes, the resulting changes to vegetation require ongoing investigation and further monitoring.
Dermatological services; patient profiling in a rural tertiary hospital
Authors: Thomas Lauren , Felmingham Claire , Tilakaratne Dev 
Published: March 2021

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesThere is a paucity of research available regarding the epidemiology of patients attending dermatology outpatient services in Australia. Our objective was to analyse who was attending public dermatology outpatient clinics in a Northern Territory tertiary hospital, with a particular focus on Indigenous and rural patients.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of patients who attended dermatology outpatient clinics between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2016. Outcome measures included patient demographics (age, gender, ethnicity and postcode) and referrer details.ResultsOver the 12 month study period, 923 appointments were scheduled for 500 patients. Of the appointments scheduled, 667 were attended. Twelve per cent of patients were Indigenous, and of the total appointment attendances, 10% were by Indigenous patients. Of the 923 appointments, 28% were not attended, with a higher non‐attendance rate for Indigenous patients at 36%. The majority of patients seen were adults, for both groups, but a larger proportion of Indigenous children were seen. Nine per cent of patients with a recorded address were from a remote region.ConclusionDermatology outpatient services are likely under‐utilised by Indigenous, and remote patients. If we are to improve skin health in Australia, barriers such as limited access to dermatological services in remote regions must be addressed.