bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Properties of Anisotropic Materials
Authors: Peterson Michael “Mick” , Sun Miao 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Extensive research has been directed toward the development of methods for the optimal recovery of elastic properties from ultrasonic measurements. For a number of applications both the elastic and damping characteristics of the materials are required in design. The use of the optimal recovery does present challenges when applied to either man-made or natural anisotropic materials. In many cases manufacturing variability results in a need for a statistical description of the elastic and damping properties. In addition, errors in material lay-up or growth patterns may result in mis-orientation of the principle materials axes with respect to the geometrical axes. In this work, an examples is shown that demonstrates the recovery of the elastic properties of a natural material when stochastic properties are required. Statistical descriptions of the materials properties are obtained for wood of two different types of material. Results are shown assuming a nominally orthotropic orientation, although the existence of curvilinear coordinates is acknowledged.
Use of Computational Intelligence for Corrosion Damage Assessment of Aging Aircraft Panels
Authors: Palakal M. J. , Huang J. , Pidaparti R. M. , Peeler D. T. , Rebbapragada S. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
This paper describes computational methods that have been developed to automatically detect and quantify corrosion on images of aircraft panels obtained using nondestructive inspection (NDI) techniques. Images obtained from NDI techniques are not directly suitable for corrosion analysis. We propose a multi-resolution wavelet analysis to segment the NDI images to isolate the corroded regions from the undamaged regions. Wavelet coefficients were extracted from each segment and subjected to a multivariate data analysis to obtain the most relevant features. These features are then used to identify the corroded region on the images and also to estimate the extent of damage, in terms of material loss, using backpropagation neural networks. Experiments were conducted to test the developed modules on images obtained from the Air Force Research Lab in Dayton, Ohio. The results obtained prove the feasibility and robustness of our approach in detecting the damaged regions and for estimating the material loss due to corrosion.
Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of Angled Spiralling Tape Inserts in a Heat Exchanger Annulus
Authors: Coetzee H. , Liebenberg L. , Meyer J. P. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to determine the single phase heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of an angled spiralling tape inserted into the annulus of a tube-in-tube heat exchanger. Experimental measurements were taken on four setups: a normal tube-in-tube heat exchanger used as a reference and three heat exchangers with different angled spiralling tape inserts. From the results correlations were developed that can be used to predict the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics. It was concluded that the angled spiralling tape inserts resulted in an increase in the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics as can be expected.
Corrosion Resistance of Structural Steel Processed Using Electro-Plasma Methods
Authors: Schilling Paul J. , Herrington Paul D. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Electro-plasma cleaning and deposition is a recently developed electrolytic method for cleaning mill scale and other debris from steel surfaces, and depositing protective metal coatings. Structural steel was processed using these methods and tested for corrosion resistance. Samples included freshly cleaned steel coupons and samples coated with a metallic zinc layer. Tests included linear polarization resistance, QUV weathering, salt fog exposure, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Steel samples cleaned by electro-plasma methods exhibited superior corrosion resistance to those cleaned by shot-blasting. The zinc metal coatings demonstrated potential for long-term corrosion protection.
Active Draft Cushioning in Unit Train Service
Authors: Hodges Richard N. 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Since the 1960’s, end-of-car cushioning has been a critical technology for rail cars that carry fragile commodities such as automobiles, airplane components, newsprint or coiled metal rolls. Because the primary benefit of the technology has been in impact protection, these units have historically returned back to the draft stops after an impact in order to maximize the protection available for subsequent impacts. This technology often did not provide the best protection for the car during in-train service, when buff and draft slack action put significant shocks into the car and cargo. Once returned to the draft stops, the cushioning unit offers no further protection from draft slack action during train movement. This results in potentially high draft coupler forces. A new cushioning technology, called active draft preload, provides improved control of in-train forces by positioning the cushioning device several inches from the draft stops so that adequate protection is provided for the in-train environment. Testing conducted in unit train service has documented the improvement in ride quality obtained from active draft cushioning applied to the rail cars.
Usefulness of lung ultrasound in the early identification of severe COVID-19: results from a prospective study
Authors: Hernández-Píriz Alba , Tung-Chen Yale , Jiménez-Virumbrales David , Ayala-Larrañaga Ibone , Barba-Martín Raquel , Canora-Lebrato Jesús , Zapatero-Gaviria Antonio , García De Casasola-Sánchez Gonzalo 
Published: November 2021

Aim: There is growing evidence regarding the imaging findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in lung ultrasound (LUS); however, its role in predicting the prognosis has yet to be explored. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between lung ultrasound findings with the degree of respiratory failure measured by the PaO2/FiO2 ratio (PaFi) andthe prognosis of these patients: need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV), admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and mortality.Material and method: Prospective, longitudinal and observational study performed in patients with confirmed COVID-19 underwent a LUS examination and laboratory tests.Results: A total of 107 patients were enrolled: 93.4% with bilateral involvement and 73.83% presented at least one consolidation. A good inverse correlation (Rho Spearman coefficient -0.897) between the ultrasound score and PaFi was obtained. The AUC for identification of patients with more severe respiratory failure, a moderate and severe ARDS, was 0.97 (CI 95%: 0.95-1) and a cut-off score of 34.5 showed a sensitivity of 0.94 and a specificity of 0.91. The Kappa index showed a high concordance (0.83) of the classification by ultrasound lunginvolvement and ARDS.Conclusions: The combination of the ultrasound score and the presence of respiratory failure can easily identify patients with a higher risk to present complications.
Short-Term Stability of Urine Electrolytes: Effect of Time and Storage Conditions
Authors: Adams J.D. , Badolato Miranda , Pierce Ethan , Cantrell Abbie , Parker Zac , Farzam Donya 
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this investigation was to quantify the effects of storage temperature and duration on the assessment of urine electrolytes. Twenty-one separate human urine specimens were analyzed as baseline and with the remaining specimen separated into eight vials, two in each of the following four temperatures: 22, 7, −20, and −80 °C. Each specimen was analyzed for urine electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and chloride) after 24 and 48 hr. After 24 hr, no significant difference was detected from baseline in urine sodium, potassium, and chloride at all four storage temperatures (p > .05). Similarly, after 48 hr, urine sodium, potassium, and chloride were not significantly different from baseline in all four storage temperatures (p > .05). In conclusion, these data show that urine specimens analyzed for urine sodium, chloride, and potassium are stable up to 48 hr in temperatures ranging from deep freezing to room temperature.
Self-testing for HIV could increase diagnoses in the trans community
Authors: Saul Helen , Gursul Deniz 
Published: November 2021

The studyWitzel TC, Wright T, McCabe L, et al. Impact and acceptability of HIV self-testing for trans men and trans women: A mixed-methods subgroup analysis of the SELPHI randomised controlled trial and process evaluation in England and Wales.EClinicalMedicine2021;32:100700.To read the full NIHR Alert, go to:https://evidence.nihr.ac.uk/alert/hiv-self-testing-increases-diagnoses-trans-people/
Local perceptions of spatial management indicate challenges and opportunities for effective zoning of sustainable-use protected areas in Brazil
Authors: Borges Rebecca , Breckwoldt Annette , Barboza Roberta Sá Leitão , Glaser Marion 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Protected areas (PAs) are widely applied conservation instruments. Often, they are also expected to help secure livelihoods of poor subsistence, small-scale producers, making the management of PAs often dependent on community support. The usefulness of analyzing the perceptions of PAs among local users to improve the effectiveness of PA management is increasingly recognized; however, there are few studies on spatial perceptions, for example, how users perceive the PA’s geographical boundaries or its zoning, and how these can be used in PA zoning. Here, we analyze how local stakeholders perceive two sustainable-use PAs on the Amazon coast, the changes they have brought about, and their current management. We identify and link the mental models of different user groups to formal conceptualizations of the PAs in legal instruments and identify mismatches related to what the PA means to local stakeholders and where it is located, which need to be considered when building a zoning plan. Because of the frequent research in our study area, we also discuss possible research fatigue in this region. We highlight the challenges and opportunities related to promoting spatial literacy and awareness-raising regarding PAs. We recommend adapting legal instruments to include diverse territorial representations and alternative management tools.
Embryo position of Castanopsis sclerophylla (Fagaceae) seeds with recalcitrant storage behavior differs from Quercus genus but response to desiccation shows no difference
Authors: Li Jiajin , Jaganathan Ganesh K. , Han Kang , Liu Baolin 
Published: November 2021

In many but not all recalcitrant Quercus seeds, water loss during drying only occurs through the scar. Consequently, the embryo axis sitting on the opposite side of the scar is well protected from desiccation. However, whether such a mechanism is common throughout Fagaceae species is unexplored. Similarly, little is known about the desiccation response of other Fagaceae genera. Germination and desiccation tolerance of Castanopsis sclerophylla (Lindl. & Paxton) Schottky (Fagaceae) were studied by drying the seeds with silica gel. Fresh seeds had a moisture content (MC) of 36% and germinated to 92.5% when incubated at 15/20 °C. Drying seeds to 22.5% and 20.7% MC decreased germination to 27% and 5%, respectively, indicating that seeds are recalcitrant. X-ray computed tomography and photomicrographs showed that the embryo axis of C. sclerophylla is located just below the scar. Regardless of drying occurring either through only the scar or the whole pericarp, embryo drying was deemed unavoidable. Nevertheless, germination percentage during drying showed exceptional similarities with the other Fagaceae species.
Beyond pre-Columbian burning: the impact of firewood collection on forest fuel loads
Authors: Markwith Scott H. , Paudel Asha 
Published: November 2021

Government agencies in the United States (US) adopted a prescribed burning policy based in part on paleo-environmental evidence of pre-Columbian Native American burning regimes. However, biomass collection by Native Americans in the pre-Columbian era left little direct or indirect evidence of its magnitude or influence on fire regimes. In many developing countries, local peoples harvest biomass for shelter, tool production, cooking, and heating, and often manage forests communally. The objective of this study was to use modern proxy biomass collection estimates analogous to pre-Columbian era practices in the western US to estimate the potential impacts of regionwide firewood collection on fuel loads in the Sierra Nevada range of California. A minimum of 59% of the forested area of the Sierra Nevada range could have been completely stripped of surface fuel accumulation in the 100-hour (100 h) fuel moisture class (2.54–7.62 cm diameter) each year in the pre-Columbian era, but upper estimates suggest Native American fuelwood requirements may have exceeded the amount of 100-h surface fuels accumulated over the entire range each year. The collection and removal of the fuels from the surface fuel loads may have contributed to reduced fire severities over that era. Dead wood collection in Nepal and India was found to reduce the threat of forest fires. Including the effects of cultural practices on fuel loads may improve reconstructions of past fuel and fire regimes and may benefit modern management strategies.
PPARα/γ, adiponectin, and GLUT4 overexpression induced by moronic acid methyl ester influenced glucose and triglyceride levels of experimental diabetic mice
Authors: Estrada-Soto Samuel , Cerón-Romero Litzia , Navarrete-Vázquez Gabriel , Rosales-Ortega Edgar , Gómez-Zamudio Jaime , Cruz Miguel , Villalobos-Molina Rafael 
Published: November 2021

The current study aimed to determine the antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activities of moronic acid methyl ester (1) (compound 1) by in vivo, in vitro, in silico, and molecular biology studies. Compound 1 was evaluated to establish its dose-dependent antidiabetic and antihyperglycemic (50 mg/kg) activities, in diabetic and normoglycemic male CD1 mice, respectively. Also, compound 1 was subjected to a subacute study (50 mg/kg per day for 8 days) to determine blood biochemical profiles and the expression of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α), PPAR-γ, adiponectin, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) in adipose tissue of animals after treatment. Different doses in acute administration of compound 1 decreased glycemia (p < 0.05) compared with vehicle, showing greater effectiveness in the range 50–160 mg/kg. Also, the oral glucose tolerance test showed that compound 1 induced a significant antihyperglycemic action by opposing the hyperglycemic peak (p < 0.05). Moreover, compound 1 subacute administration decreased glucose and triglyceride levels after treatment (p < 0.05); while the expression of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ, adiponectin, and GLUT4 displayed an increase (p < 0.05) compared with the diabetic control group. In conclusion, compound 1 showed antihyperglycemic, antidiabetic, and antidyslipidemic effects in normal and diabetic mice, probably due to insulin sensitization through increased mRNA expression of GLUT4, PPAR-α, PPAR-γ, and adiponectin genes.
Effect of color reconnection and rope formation on resonance production in p–p collisions in Pythia 8
Authors: Goswami Ankita , Nayak Ranjit , Nandi Basanta Kumar , Dash Sadhana 
Published: November 2021

AbstractResonance production in proton–proton collisions at$$\sqrt{s} = 7$$s=7TeV and 13 TeV have been investigated using a Pythia 8 event generator within the framework of microscopic processes including color reconnection and rope hadronization. Specifically, the observable effects of different modes of color reconnections on the ratio of yields of mesonic and baryonic resonances with respect to their stable counterpart have been explored as a function of mean charged particle multiplicity. A suppression in the ratio is observed as a function of the mean number of charged particles for mesonic resonances. The$$\phi /\mathrm {K}$$ϕ/Kand$${\phi /\pi }$$ϕ/πratios show an enhancement for high-multiplicity events due to enhanced production of strange quarks via the microscopic process of rope hadronization in the partonic phase. The mechanism of the hadronization of color ropes together with the quark–gluon plasma (QCD)-based color reconnection of partons predicted an enhancement in the ratio for baryonic resonances to non-resonance baryons having similar quark content. The yield ratios of resonances are found to be independent of the collision energy and strongly dependent on event activity.
Path integral analysis from the D-dimensional generalized displacement operator, and some of their applications
Authors: Benkrane A. , Benzair H. 
Published: November 2021

Recently, H. Benzair et al. [Mod. Phys. Lett. A 35, 2050246 (2020).] formulated in one dimension the nonrelativistic propagator for position-dependent mass (PDM) from the generalized displacement operator approach. According to the path integral formulation, we generalize this process in [Formula: see text]-dimensional space. As a result, the wave functions are obtained analytically for the pseudo-harmonic oscillator and the inverse square plus Coulomb potentials, and the corresponding energy spectrum are studied. In addition, the effects of PDM on the canonical partition function and other thermodynamic functions have been extracted. The limit cases are then deduced for a small parameter.
An overview of the plumbing systems of large igneous provinces and their significance
Authors: Srivastava Rajesh K. , Ernst Richard E. , Buchan Kenneth L. , de Kock Michiel 
Published: November 2021

Abstract
Identification of large-volume, short-duration mafic magmatic events of intraplate affinity in both continental and oceanic settings on the Earth and other planets provides invaluable clues for understanding several vital geological issues of current concern. Of particular importance is understanding the assembly and dispersal of supercontinents through Earth's history, dramatic climate change events including mass extinctions, and processes that have produced a wide range of large igneous province (LIP)-related resources such as Ni–Cu–PGE, Au, U, base metals and petroleum. This current volume presents some of the latest developments and new information on the temporal and spatial distribution of LIPs in both the Precambrian and Phanerozoic, their origin, the plumbing system of mafic dyke swarms, sill provinces and layered intrusions, and links to mantle plume/superplume events, supercontinent reconstructions and associated metallogeny.
Processes controlling volcanic and epiclastic reservoir formation in a buried polygenetic stratocone
Authors: Bischoff Alan , Fensom Jessica , Tang Huafeng , Rossetti Marcos , Nicol Andrew 
Published: November 2021

Abstract

Understanding the formation of volcanic and epiclastic reservoirs is pivotal for exploring geoenergy resources such as geothermal energy, hydrocarbons, and new CO
2
sequestration and hydrogen storage opportunities. This paper examines the processes controlling the quality of pyroclastic and epiclastic reservoirs of the Kora volcano, an extinct stratocone presently buried in the offshore Taranaki Basin, New Zealand. We conduct detailed seismic reflection interpretation, drillcore lithofacies and wireline-log description, petrographic analysis, and analytical tests to generate a unified framework that explains the formation of volcaniclastic reservoirs from basin to pore-scale.

Each stage of construction and degradation of the Kora volcano is associated with particular processes that increase or reduce reservoir quality. Primary processes include quench fragmentation, deuteric mineral dissolution, and epiclastic sedimentation. Secondary processes comprise mineral alteration (mainly meteoric; minor hydrothermal and diagenetic), mechanical stress fracturing (mainly tectonic; minor magmatic and burial deformation), and pervasive biogenic cementation. Epiclastic conglomerates present the highest reservoir quality (average 23% porosity and up to 997 mD permeability), followed by lapilli-tuffs and tuff-breccias. In contrast, bioclastic epiclastic sandstones are typically cemented by carbonates and pyrite. Our models and interpretations will increase understanding of the formation of volcaniclastic reservoirs and aid exploration of geoenergy resources in volcanic terrains.
Longitudinal SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine-Induced Humoral Immune Responses in Patients with Cancer
Authors: Figueiredo Jane C. , Merin Noah M. , Hamid Omid , Choi So Yung , Lemos Tucker , Cozen Wendy , Nguyen Nathalie , Finster Laurel J. , Foley Joslyn , Darrah Justin , Gong Jun , Paquette Ronald , Mita Alain C. , Vescio Robert , Mehmi Inderjit , Basho Reva , Tourtellotte Warren G. , Huynh Carissa A. , Melmed Gil Y. , Braun Jonathan , McGovern Dermot P.B. , Mengesha Emebet , Botwin Greg , Prostko John C. , Frias Edwin C. , Stewart James L. , Joung Sandy , Van Eyk Jennifer , Ebinger Joseph E. , Cheng Susan , Sobhani Kimia , Reckamp Karen L. , Merchant Akil 
Published: November 2021

AbstractLongitudinal studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine-induced immune responses in patients with cancer are needed to optimize clinical care. In a prospective cohort study of 366 (291 vaccinated) patients, we measured antibody levels [anti-spike (IgG-(S-RBD) and anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin] at three time points. Antibody level trajectories and frequency of breakthrough infections were evaluated by tumor type and timing of treatment relative to vaccination. IgG-(S-RBD) at peak response (median = 42 days after dose 2) was higher (P = 0.002) and remained higher after 4 to 6 months (P = 0.003) in patients receiving mRNA-1273 compared with BNT162b2. Patients with solid tumors attained higher peak levels (P = 0.001) and sustained levels after 4 to 6 months (P &lt; 0.001) compared with those with hematologic malignancies. B-cell targeted treatment reduced peak (P = 0.001) and sustained antibody responses (P = 0.003). Solid tumor patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors before vaccination had lower sustained antibody levels than those who received treatment after vaccination (P = 0.043). Two (0.69%) vaccinated and one (1.9%) unvaccinated patient had severe COVID-19 illness during follow-up. Our study shows variation in sustained antibody responses across cancer populations receiving various therapeutic modalities, with important implications for vaccine booster timing and patient selection.Significance:Long-term studies of immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in patients with cancer are needed to inform evidence-based guidelines for booster vaccinations and to tailor sequence and timing of vaccinations to elicit improved humoral responses.