bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Predictive Role of QEEG in the Post-Operative Delirium and Prognosis of Cardiac Surgery Patients
Authors: Guo Zhi-bao , Liu Wen-xue , Yang Cong-shan , Yang Yi 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective To determine whether qEEG has the capable of predicting the onset of post-operative delirium (POD) and prognosis of cardiac surgery patients. Methods We prospectively studied a cohort of cardiac surgery patients undergoing EEG for evaluation of altered mental status. Patients were assessed for delirium with the CAM-ICU or CAM. EEG were interpreted clinically by clinician, and reports were reviewed to identify features such as aEEG，alpha，beta，theta or delta relative band energy, alpha variability and spectral entropy. Generalized linear models were used to quantify associations among EEG findings, delirium, and clinical outcomes, including length of stay and mortality. Results 60 patients were evaluated and 29 (48.33%) met delirium criteria. The EEG finding most strongly associated with delirium presence was aEEG, whether the peak value or valley value less than lower quartile or greater than upper quartile. Conclusions The peak or valley value of aEEG in F3-P3/F4-P4 derivation is a good predictor of post-operative delirium in cardiac surgery patients.Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov Identifier, NCT03351985. Registered 1 December 201
Bio-remediation of Most Contaminated Sites by Heavy Metals and Hydrocarbons In Dhiba Port Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Using Chlorella Vulgaris
Authors: Alhumairi Abrar M. , Hamouda Ragaa A. , Saddiq Amna A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Dhiba port has a strategic location near the Neom project. Various anthropogenic activities contributed to the discharge of heavy metals and oil spill in the aquatic system and caused environmental pollution. Microalgae are the best microorganisms in aquatic conditions which known to be capable of eliminating contaminants. We investigate the heavy metals and hydrocarbons contaminations exhibited in five sites of port. Our aim is to determine the most contaminated sites then using Immobilized and fresh Chlorella vulgaris in bioremediation. The results indicated that Immobilized and fresh C. vulgaris have the capabilities of growing in contaminated seawater and were capable of removing heavy metals completely. Immobilized C. vulgaris is the most efficient in the degradation of hydrocarbons at site one. Overall, Immobilized C. vulgaris is the most effective in removing both heavy metals and hydrocarbon. It is an economic tool due to simplifying harvesting and then retaining for further processing.
Phytoextraction, Accumulation and Toxicological Effects of 1-Tetradecyl-3-Methylimidazolium Ionic Liquid in Ryegrass
Authors: Yilimulati Mihebai , Du Hong , Wu Wei , Habibul Nuzahat 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Ionic liquids are widely used in many fields due to their extremely tunable nature and exceptional properties. The extensive application of ionic liquids raises great concerns regarding their bioaccumulation potential and adverse effects on organisms.Green plants have a great potential for uptake of persistent xenobiotics from aquatic and terrestrial environment. However, the assimilation and bioaccumulation of 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C14mim]Br) has not been studied in plantsyet. In order to explore the phytoaccumulationof [C14mim]+, ryegrass were exposed to [C14mim]Br with hydroponic experiment.The effects of [C14mim]Brdosages on growth index, chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde (MAD) content and antioxidant enzyme activity of ryegrass were investigated. The toxic effects of[C14mim]Bron ryegrass growth increased with increasing initial concentration. The high initial concentration treatment resulted in rapid changes in physiological characteristics in ryegrass tissue. [C14mim]+ions were mainly accumulated in root tissue and partly translocated to the above ground part of ryegrass.[C14mim]+was observed in the highest concentration (314.35 µg/gin root and 101.42 µg/gin aboveground partsof ryegrass) with 10 mg/L of [C14mim]Br.Our results demonstrated that ryegrass can uptake and accumulate [C14mim]+ and is therefore a suitable species for phytroremediationof trace amount of [C14mim]+ and possibly other ionic liquids.
Spatial Distribution of Hospitalisations for Cardiovascular Diseases in the Central Region of ​​Asturias, Spain
Authors: Martínez-Pérez Isabel , González-Iglesias Verónica , Suárez Valentín Rodríguez , Fernández-Somoano Ana 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
BackgroundCardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide; it is estimated that they cause 17 million deaths annually. In 2019, there were more than 29,000 deaths, and in 2018, ischemic heart diseases cause more than 118,000 hospitalisations in Spain. There is an unevenly distribution throughout the different autonomous communities, being Asturias the community with the highest rate for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and angina pectoris (AP) of the country. Cardiovascular diseases are related to environmental, socioeconomic and previous medical conditions which result in geographical differences in the incidence of hospital admissions and mortality. To know the distribution of hospital admissions in the central area of Asturias and the existence of spatial patterns or clusters is the goal of this study.MethodsUrgent hospital admissions for AMI and angina AP in the hospitals of the central area of Asturias were registered, geocoded and grouped by census tracts. Standardised admission ratio, smoothed relative risk and posterior risk probability, together with analysis of spatial clusters between relative risks throughout the study area were calculated and mapped.ResultsGeographical differences were found in the distribution of hospital admissions for AMI and AP in the study area. The cluster analysis indicated aggregates of census tracts with high relative risk values in the northwest region of the study area.ConclusionThe geographical analysis shows the existence of patterns and spatial aggregations in the incidence of AMI and AP, for men and women, in the central area of Asturias.
Racial and Weight Discrimination Associations with Pain Intensity and Pain Interference in An Ethnically Diverse Sample of Adults with Obesity: A Baseline Analysis of the Clustered Randomized-Controlled Clinical Trial the Goals for Eating and Moving (GEM) Study
Authors: Merriwether Ericka , Wittleder Sandra , Cho Gawon , Bogan Eushavia , Thomas Rachel , Bostwick Naja , Wang Binhuan , Ravenell Joseph , Jay Melanie 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Everyday experiences with racial (RD) and weight discrimination (WD) are risk factors for chronic pain in ethnically diverse adults with obesity. However, the individual or combined effects of RD or WD on pain in adults with obesity is not well understood. There are gender differences and sexual dimorphisms in nociception and pain, but the effect of gender on relationships between RD and WD in ethnically diverse adults with obesity has not been examined. The goals of this study were to: 1) examine whether weight and racial discrimination are associated with pain intensity and interference, and 2) explore gender as a moderator of the effects of WD and RD on pain.Methods: This is a baseline data analysis from a randomized controlled weight-management trial. Eligible participants were English or Spanish-speaking (ages 18-69 years) and had either a body mass index of ≥ 30 kg/m2 or ≥ 25 kg/m2 with weight-related comorbidity. WD and RD were measured using the Experiences of Discrimination questionnaire (EOD). Pain outcome (pain interference and intensity) were measured using the PROMIS 29 adult profile V2.1. Linear regression models were performed to determine the associations between WD, RD, and gender, with pain outcomes.Results. On average participants reported mild pain interference (T-score: 52.65±10.29) and moderate pain intensity (4.23±3.15, scale: 0-10). There was a significant interaction effect of RD and gender on pain interference. RD was more strongly associated with pain interference in women (b = .47, SE = .08, p < 001), compared to men (b = .14, SE = .07, p = .06). There were no significant interaction effects between RD and gender on pain intensity, or between WD and gender on pain interference or intensity. Conclusions: Pain is highly prevalent in adults with obesity, and is impacted by experiences of racial and weight discrimination. Further, discrimination against adults with obesity and chronic pain could exacerbate existing racial disparities in pain and weight management. Asking ethnically diverse adults with obesity about their pain and their experiences of racial and weight discrimination could help clinicians make culturally informed decisions that address barriers to pain relief and weight loss.Trial Registration: NCT03006328
Discrepancy Between the Demand and Supply of Intensive Care Unit Beds in South Korea from 2011 to 2019: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Authors: Cho Noo Ree , Jung Wol Seon , Park Hee Yeon , Kang Jin Mo , Ko Dai Sik , Choi Sang Tae 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Intensive care unit (ICU) bed availability is key to critical patient care. Considering the rapidly aging population in South Korea, it is important to establish whether the current ICU bed availability meets its demand. Methods: We evaluated the 9-year trend in ICU bed rates and bed-days in South Korea between 2011 and 2019 in a population-based cross-sectional analysis, using data from the Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service and Statistics database. We described changes in ICU bed rates in adult (≥ 20 years) and older adult (≥ 65 years) populations. ICU bed-days were categorized similarly and were used to predict future ICU bed demands. Results: The ICU bed rate was higher in 2011 than 2019 (23.3 and 20.2 per 100,000 adults; 161.2 and 107.5 per 100,000 older adults, respectively). Conversely, the number of ICU bed-days was lower in 2011 than 2019 (100.5 and 137.8 per 1,000 adults; 59.0 and 86.1 per 1,000 older adults, respectively). In 2019, the regional differences in the ICU bed rate and ICU bed-days nearly doubled and tripled, respectively. The occupancy rate of ICU beds in South Korea is expected to rise to 97.7% in 2030. Conclusions: Our study revealed a significant discrepancy between the demand and supply of ICU beds in South Korea, necessitating significant action.
“Surgery of Congenital Breast Asymmetry – Which Objective Parameter Influences the Subjective Satisfaction With Long-term Results?”
Authors: Noisser Vivien , Eigenberger Andreas , Weiherer Maximilian , Seitz Stephan , Prantl Lukas , Brébant Vanessa 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Purpose: Congenital breast asymmetry is a serious gynaecological malformation for affected patients. The phenotyping hits young women in puberty and is associated with a socio-aesthetic handicap, depression and psychosexual problems. Therefore, the time of therapy is usually early in view of the patient's entire life so that a sustainable solution is important. Although, postoperative outcome has been evaluated in several studies before, this study firstly analyses which objective parameters have the most influence on subjective satisfaction with long-term results.Methods: 34 patients with a diagnosed congenital breast asymmetry that underwent either lipofilling or implant therapy in the years of 2008 - 2019 were examined. On average, our collective was seven years postoperatively. Data was mainly gathered by manual measurements, patient-reported outcome measures (Breast Q™) and breast volumetry based on 3D scans (Vectra® H2, Canfield Scientific).Results: Among all analysed parameters, only the areola diameter correlated significantly negative with the subjective outcome satisfaction of the patient. Regarding the subjective assessment of the postoperative satisfaction with similarity of the breasts, again the mean of areola diameter, the difference of areola diameter between right and left breast and the difference of volume assessed with 3D scans correlated significantly negative.Conclusion: The areola diameter was shown to be a significant influencing factor for patient-subjective long-term satisfaction in breast asymmetry patients. Besides, 3D volumetry was shown to be a good tool for objectifying patient subjective assessments. Our findings could lead to further improvement of surgical planning and will be built upon in further studies.
Use of Optimal Control in Studying the Dynamical Behaviors of Fractional Financial Awareness Model
Authors: Mahdy A , lotfy khaled , El-Bary A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Around there, we new examination has been done on past investigations of perhaps the main numerical models that portray the worldwide monetary development and that is depicted as a non-straight fragmentary monetary model of mindfulness, where the investigations address the means following: One: The schematic of the model is proposed. Two: The sickness-free balance point (DFE) and the soundness of the harmony point are talked about. Three: The strength of the model is satisfying by drawing the Lyapunov examples. Fourth: The presence of consistently stable arrangements is examined. Five: The Caputo is portrayed as the fragmentary subsidiary. Six: Fragmentary ideal control for NFFMA is examined, by explaining the partial ideal control through drawing when control. Seven: We are utilizing the calculation, summed up Adams–Bashforth–Moulton technique (GABMP) to tackle the is utilized to take the goal of an NFFMA. At last, we show that GABMP is profoundly indistinguishable. The mathematical strategy utilized in this composition to address this model has not been used by any creator before that. Additionally, this model with partial subordinates characterized in this manner has not been concentrated before that. The strategies used are not difficult to impact, regardless of whether logical or mathematical, and give great results.MSC: 41A28, 65D05, 65H10, 65L20, 65P30, 65P40, 65Z05.
Forming Evolution of Titanium Grade2 Sheets
Authors: Tekin Merve , Ertan Rukiye , Özgül Hande Güler 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Titanium and its alloys take attention, especially in aerospace, automotive, and biomedical applications because of their strength, corrosion resistance biocompatibility. Titanium components, in general, are produced by sheet metal forming. However, the springback effect is a critical problem in the forming process due to the difficult formability of titanium sheets. In the present study, the hot forming process was applied to sheets to investigate the effect of deformation temperature on microstructure, mechanical properties, and springback behavior of commercially pure grade 2 (CP2) titanium sheets. The springback angles were measured at the CAD model after the sheets were scanned by the 3D scanner. The tensile test, hardness measurements, and microstructural analysis were examined by using specimens that were cut from the side-wall and bottom of the deformed sheet as U-profile. The results reveal that the microstructure is substantially changed, and springback is reduced with increasing temperature, and thus, optimum results were obtained compared to the data obtained at room temperature.
Preoperative Binocular Vision Characteristics in the Age-related Cataract Population
Authors: Tan Qing-Qing , Lewis James , Lan Chang-Jun , Liao Xuan , Tang Xiao-Li , Wang Jingyun , Scheiman Mitchell 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: This study is the first part of the “Binocular Vision Anomalies after Cataract Surgery” study that aimed to investigate the impact of cataract surgery on binocular vision status in adults with age-related cataract. This study aimed to investigate the preoperative binocular vision status of participants with age-related cataract. Methods: Patients who elected to undergo bilateral cataract surgery (≥50 years of age) were recruited. Clinical measures of binocular vision including stereopsis, ocular alignment, fusional vergence, vergence facility, convergence amplitude and a symptom survey related to binocular vision anomalies were administered. A detailed classification protocol was established to identify the presence of binocular vision anomalies. The frequency of specific binocular vision anomalies and normative data of binocular vision measures were reported. Results: A total of 73 subjects were evaluated. No strabismus was detected in the cohort. Non-strabismic binocular vision anomalies were detected in 24 subjects (32.9%), of whom 18 (24.7%) had convergence insufficiency, 3 (4.1%) had basic exophoria, 2 (2.7%) had convergence excess, and 1 (1.4%) had fusional vergence dysfunction. Decreased vergence facility and convergence amplitude were more common compared to the pre-presbyopes (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Binocular vision problems, especially convergence insufficiency, are common in the adults with age-related cataract. The study results demonstrate that the lack of normative binocular vision data for the presbyopic population is a significant gap in the literature and suggest the need for a study of normative data for this population.Trial RegistrationThe study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03592615, USA).
The Role of Biopsy in Diagnosing Infection After Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Cheng , Jiang Nan , Margaryan Donara , Perka Carsten , Trampuz Andrej 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background Early diagnosis of periprosthetic hip and knee infection still represents a major challenge, as no single test can achieve ideal results. Currently, multiple preoperative indicators were performed to diagnose periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) to confirm or exclude infection in the early stage. However, the diagnostic value of biopsy-related tests in diagnosing periprosthetic hip and knee infection remains unclear.Methods Publications in PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science databases were searched systematically until October 2020. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were used for screening biopsy-related studies of the diagnosis of periprosthetic hip and knee infection. All relevant tests were analyzed using Meta-Disc. For comparison between biopsy-related and conventional diagnostic methods in the diagnosis of PJI, the sensitivity and specificity of selected studies were calculated in the subgroup and compared using the z-test. Quality assessment of the selected literature was performed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies.Results Three biopsy-related tests were identified in 14 articles and further analyzed in the present meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity and specificity was 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87–0.93), 0.97 (95% CI, 0.95–0.98) for the combined method (microbial culture plus histology), 0.76 (95% CI: 0.71–0.80) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.91–0.95) for microbiological tests, and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.45–0.77), 0.97 (95% CI: 0.92–0.99) for histology. The pooled diagnostic odds ratios for diagnosing PJI using the combined method, microbiological test, and histology were 229.61 (95% CI: 94.90–555.56), 40.44 (95% CI: 23.74–68.89), and 54.47 (95% CI: 11.66–254.43), respectively. The combined method had the highest value for the area under the curve (0.9805), followed by histology (0.9425) and microbiological tests (0.9292). In the subgroup, statistical differences were identified in sensitivity and specificity for PJI diagnosis between the synovial fluid culture and biopsy culture group (P＜0.001), as well as in the biopsy-related combined method and serum C-reactive protein (CRP; P＜0.001).ConclusionsBiopsy culture does not appear to be advantageous compared to synovial fluid culture in the preoperative diagnosis of periprosthetic hip and knee infection. In contrast, combined biopsy microbial culture with histology analysis shows great potential in improving the preoperative diagnosis of PJI. The standard procedure of biopsy needs to be further explored. Further research is required to verify our results.
MF2ResU-Net: A Multi-Feature Fusion Deep Learning Architecture for Retinal Blood Vessel Segmentation
Authors: Cui ZhenChao , Song ShuJie , Chen LiPing , Chen XiangYang , Qi Jing 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Segmentation of blood vessels becomes an essential step in computer aided diagnosis system for the diseases in several departments of ophthalmology, neurosurgery, oncology, cardiology, and laryngology. Aiming at the problem of insufficient segmentation of small blood vessels by existing methods, a novel method based on multi-module fusion residual neural network model (MF2ResU-Net) was proposed. In the proposed networks, to obtain refined features of vessels, three cascade connected U-Net networks were employed as main networks. To deal with the problem of over-fitting, residual paths were used in main networks. In the blocks of U-Net in MF2ResU-Net, in order to remove the semantic difference in low-level and high-level, shortcut connections were used to combine the encoder layers and decoder layers in the blocks. Furthermore, atrous spatial pyramid pooling was embedded between the encoder and decoder to achieve multi-scale feature of blood vessels. During the training of the networks, to deal with the imbalance between background and foreground, a novel joint loss function was proposed based on the dice and cost- sensitive, which could greatly reduce the impact of unbalance in classes of samples. In experiment section, two retinal datasets, DRIVE and CHASE DB1, were used to test our method, and experiments showed that MF2ResU-Net was superior to existing methods on the criteria of sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), accuracy (Acc), and area under curve (AUC), the values of which are 0.8013 and 0.8102, 0.9842 and 0.9809, 0.9700 and 0.9776, and 0.9797 and 0.9837 respectively for DRIVE and CHASE DB1. The results of experiments demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of the model in the segmentation of complex curvature and small blood vessels.
Co-Production of Hydrogen and Ethyl Acetate in E. Coli
Authors: Bohnenkamp Anna C. , Wijffels Rene H. , Kengen Servé W. M. , Weusthuis Ruud A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Ethyl acetate and hydrogen are industrially relevant compounds that preferably are produced via sustainable, non-petrochemical production processes. Both compounds are volatile and can be produced by Escherichia coli before. However, relatively low yields for hydrogen are obtained and a mix of by-products render the sole production of hydrogen by micro-organisms unfeasible. High yields for ethyl acetate have been achieved but accumulation of formate remained an undesired but inevitable obstacle. Coupling ethyl acetate production to the conversion of formate into H2 may offer an interesting solution to both drawbacks. Ethyl acetate production requires equimolar amounts of ethanol and acetyl-CoA, which enables a redox neutral fermentation, without the need for production of by-products, other than hydrogen and CO2. Results: We engineered Escherichia coli, towards improved conversion of formate into hydrogen and CO2 by inactivating the formate hydrogen lyase repressor (hycA), both uptake hydrogenases (hyaAB, hybBC) and/or overexpressing the hydrogen formate lyase activator (fhlA). Initially 10 strains were evaluated in anaerobic serum bottles with respect to growth, after which four strains were further analyzed. Anaerobic co-production of hydrogen and ethyl acetate via heterologous ethanol acyltransferase (Eat1) was achieved in 1.5-L pH controlled bioreactors. Conclusions: We showed that the engineered strains co-produced ethyl acetate and hydrogen to yields exceeding 70 % of the pathway maximum for ethyl acetate and hydrogen, and propose in-situ product removal via gas stripping as efficient technique to isolate the products of interest.