bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of regional white matter hyperintensities on specific gait function in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Ogama Noriko , Endo Hidetoshi , Satake Shosuke , Niida Shumpei , Arai Hidenori , Sakurai Takashi 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundGait disturbance and musculoskeletal changes are evident in persons living with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because complex gait control requires the integration of neural networks, cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), which is highly prevalent in persons with AD, might have an additional impact on gait disturbance. This study investigated whether white matter hyperintensities (WMH) are more predominantly associated with gait disturbance in persons with AD than in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal cognition (NC) and further identified the regional impact of WMH on specific gait changes.MethodsThis study included 396 subjects (aged 65 to 86 years, 63.9% female) diagnosed with AD (n = 187), MCI (n = 118), or NC (n = 91). WMH, lacunes, perivascular spaces, and cerebral microbleeds were assessed as markers of SVD. The volume of WMH was quantified in each brain lobe (frontal, temporal, occipital, and parietal) and sublobar regions in the basal ganglia and thalamus. Gait function was assessed using an electronic walkway. We investigated the association between regional WMH and gait disturbance in individuals with AD, MCI, and NC, adjusted for classical and musculoskeletal confounders.ResultsAmong markers of SVD, WMH were most associated with gait disturbance. In AD subjects, periventricular WMH in the frontal and parietal lobes were associated with slow gait speed (rs = −0.21, P = 0.007 and rs = −0.18, P = 0.019, respectively). These lesions were also associated with changes in stride time, double‐leg support time, and walking angle (all rs > 0.20, P < 0.01). Lesions in the basal ganglia and thalamus were associated with slow gait speed (rs = −0.16, P = 0.034 and rs = −0.18, P = 0.023, respectively) and greater gait speed variability (rs = 0.16, P = 0.034 and rs = 0.20, P = 0.010, respectively). MCI subjects showed only associations between sublobar lesions and shorter stride length (rs = −0.24, P = 0.016) and increased walking angle (rs = 0.32, P = 0.002). NC subjects did not show associations between WMH and gait parameters. MCI and NC subjects were more affected by muscle weakness than WMH for global gait function (rs = 0.42, P < 0.001 and rs = 0.23, P = 0.046, respectively).ConclusionsPersons with AD showed a predominant association between WMH and gait disturbance compared with MCI and NC subjects, and regional WMH had a detrimental effect on specific gait changes.
Higher dietary fibre intake is associated with increased skeletal muscle mass and strength in adults aged 40 years and older
Authors: Frampton James , Murphy Kevin G. , Frost Gary , Chambers Edward S. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSkeletal muscle mass begins to decline from 40 years of age. Limited data suggest that dietary fibre may modify lean body mass (BM), of which skeletal muscle is the largest and most malleable component. We investigated the relationship between dietary fibre intake, skeletal muscle mass and associated metabolic and functional parameters in adults aged 40 years and older.MethodsWe analysed cross‐sectional data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2011 and 2018 from adults aged 40 years and older. Covariate‐adjusted multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between dietary fibre intake and BM components (BM, body mass index [BMI], total lean mass, appendicular lean mass, bone mineral content, total fat, trunk fat; n = 6454), glucose homeostasis (fasting glucose, fasting insulin, HOMA2‐IR; n = 5032) and skeletal muscle strength (combined grip strength; n = 5326). BM components and skeletal muscle strength were expressed relative to BM (per kg of BM).ResultsHigher intakes of dietary fibre were significantly associated with increased relative total lean mass (β: 0.69 g/kg BM; 95% CI, 0.48–0.89 g/kg BM; P < 0.001), relative appendicular lean mass (β: 0.34 g/kg BM; 95% CI, 0.23–0.45 g/kg BM; P < 0.001), relative bone mineral content (β: 0.05 g/kg BM; 95% CI, 0.02–0.07 g/kg BM; P < 0.001) and relative combined grip strength (β: 0.002 kg/kg BM; 95% CI, 0.001–0.003 kg/kg BM; P < 0.001).Conversely, higher dietary fibre intakes were significantly associated with a lower BM (β: −0.20; 95% CI, −0.28 to −0.11 kg; P < 0.001), BMI (β: −0.08 kg/m2; 95%CI, −0.10 to −0.05 kg/m2), relative total fat (β: −0.68 g/kg BM; 95% CI, −0.89 to −0.47 g/kg BM; P < 0.001), relative trunk fat (β: −0.48 g/kg BM; 95%CI, −0.63 to −0.33 g/kg; P < 0.001), fasting glucose (β: −0.01 mmol/L; 95% CI, −0.02 to −0.00 mmol/L; P = 0.017), fasting insulin (β: −0.71 pmol/L; 95% CI, −1.01 to −0.41 pmol/L; P < 0.001) and HOMA2‐IR (β: −0.02 AU; 95% CI, −0.02 to −0.01 AU; P < 0.001).ConclusionsHigher dietary fibre intakes are associated with a lower BM and enhanced body composition, characterized by a reduction in fat mass and an increase in lean mass. Higher dietary fibre intakes were also associated with improvements in glucose homeostasis and skeletal muscle strength. Increasing dietary fibre intake may be a viable strategy to prevent age‐associated declines in skeletal muscle mass.
Triangle‐free equimatchable graphs
Authors: Büyükçolak Yasemin , Özkan Sibel , Gözüpek Didem 
Published: September 2021

AbstractA graph is called equimatchable if all of its maximal matchings have the same size. Frendrup et al. provided a characterization of equimatchable graphs with girth at least 5. In this paper, we extend this result by providing a complete structural characterization of equimatchable graphs with girth at least 4, that is, equimatchable graphs with no triangle, by identifying the equimatchable triangle‐free graph families. Our characterization also extends the result given by Akbari et al., which proves that the only connected triangle‐free equimatchable ‐regular graphs are , , and , where is a positive integer. Given a nonbipartite graph, our characterization implies a linear time recognition algorithm for triangle‐free equimatchable graphs.
Excellent survival after R‐Hyper‐CVAD in hospitalized patients with high‐risk large B‐cell lymphoma: The Karolinska experience
Authors: Sonnevi Kristina , Ljungqvist Maria , Jóelsson Jóel Kristinn , Harrysson Sara , Wästerlid Tove , Bernell Per , Wahlin Björn Engelbrekt 
Published: September 2021

AbstractPatients with high‐risk aggressive B‐cell lymphoma exhibit poor survival after R‐CHOP. More intensive regimens yield higher rates of remission but also of complication. We investigated all 401 patients < 70 years with high‐risk (age‐adjusted [aa] international prognostic index [IPI] ≥2, extranodal, or bulky) aggressive B‐cell lymphoma hospitalized at Karolinska for urgent start of immunochemotherapy (129 R‐Hyper‐CVAD; 261 R‐CHOP/R‐CHOEP). Patients showed IPI 3–5 (70%), WHO PS ≥2 (49%), bulky disease (70%), extranodal (75%) and CNS (8%) involvement. Five‐year overall/progression‐free survival (OS/PFS) was better in patients who started R‐Hyper‐CVAD (84%/77%) compared with R‐CHOP/R‐CHOEP (66%/55%). Differences were independent in multivariable analysis, seen in all patient categories, and accentuated in extreme high‐risk disease: R‐Hyper‐CVAD vs. R‐CHOP/R‐CHOEP showed 5‐year PFS 69% vs.40% in aaIPI 3 and 88% vs. 38% in CNS involvement. For validation, survival was compared between the two Karolinska sites and calendar periods. Survival was superior 2006–2010 at the site that introduced R‐Hyper‐CVAD/R‐MA 2006, identical at both sites 2011–2017 after the other site adopted R‐Hyper‐CVAD/R‐MA 2011, and excellent 2018–2020 when R‐Hyper‐CVAD/R‐MA use increased to 75% of patients. Despite considerable toxicity, also patients aged 61–69 years showed better survival with R‐Hyper‐CVAD/R‐MA. This is the largest single‐centre series of patients treated with R‐Hyper‐CVAD/R‐MA, showing favourable outcome in high‐risk aggressive B‐cell lymphoma.
Mechanism of increased efficacy of recombinant Fc‐μTP‐L309C compared to IVIg to ameliorate mouse immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Lewis Bonnie J.B. , Binnington Beth , Blacquiere Megan , Spirig Rolf , Käsermann Fabian , Branch Donald R. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractRecombinant Fc‐μTP‐L309C is more efficacious than intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) at ameliorating antibody‐mediated autoimmune diseases through its effects on Fcγ receptors (FcγRs). Fc‐μTP‐L309C inhibited in‐vitro FcγR‐mediated phagocytosis 104/105‐fold better than IVIg. Fc‐μTP‐L309C, given subcutaneously, recovered platelet counts in an immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) mouse model to a higher degree than IVIg at a 10‐fold lower dose. We show, using confocal microscopy, that Fc‐μTP‐L309C binds to monocyte‐macrophages and is rapidly internalized, whereas, IVIg remains on the cell surface. Western blotting showed that internalized FcγRIII is degraded through a lysosomal pathway, and this reduction of cell surface FcγRIII is likely responsible for the increased efficacy to ameliorate ITP.
Loss of mTORC2-induced metabolic reprogramming in monocytes uncouples migration and maturation from production of proinflammatory mediators
Authors: Jangani Maryam , Vuononvirta Juho , Yamani Lamya , Ward Eleanor , Capasso Melania , Nadkarni Suchita , Balkwill Frances , Marelli-Berg Federica 
Published: September 2021

AbstractMonocyte migration to the sites of inflammation and maturation into macrophages are key steps for their immune effector function. Here, we show that mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2)-dependent Akt activation is instrumental for metabolic reprogramming at the early stages of macrophage-mediated immunity. Despite an increased production of proinflammatory mediators, monocytes lacking expression of the mTORC2 component Rictor fail to efficiently migrate to inflammatory sites and fully mature into macrophages, resulting in reduced inflammatory responses in vivo. The mTORC2-dependent phosphorylation of Akt is instrumental for the enhancement of glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration, required to sustain monocyte maturation and motility. These observations are discussed in the context of therapeutic strategies aimed at selective inhibition of mTORC2 activity.
Paroxysmal hyperthermia, dysautonomia and rhabdomyolysis in a patient with Lesch–Nyhan syndrome
Authors: Rana Mandeep , Cuttin Karen , Berry Gerard T. , Torres Alcy 
Published: September 2021

AbstractLesch–Nyhan syndrome is an x‐linked genetic disorder of purine metabolism that results in the overproduction of uric acid and neurologic deficits manifesting as intellectual disability, dystonia, other movement disorders and self‐mutilation. We describe a 12‐year‐old patient with a history of Lesch–Nyhan syndrome, G6PD deficiency and central diabetes insipidus and multiple admissions for fever, acute kidney injury and transaminitis in the setting of rhabdomyolysis. The patient's temperature dysregulation and dysautonomia is likely attributable to abnormal neurotransmitter release, particularly that of dopamine, in the central nervous system. Our patient presented similarly to that of a patient with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), with symptoms including altered mental status, fever, dysautonomia and renal failure, and laboratory findings including elevated serum creatinine kinase, leukocytosis, transaminitis, hypernatremia and metabolic acidosis. Similar to NMS, disruption of dopamine neurotransmission results in dysregulated sympathetic activity and hyperthermia.
Association of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status with COVID‐19 30‐day mortality at a Philadelphia medical center using a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cheney‐Peters Dianna R. , Lee Crystal Y. , Mitsuhashi Shuji , Zaret Dina S. , Riley Joshua M. , Venkataraman Chantel M. , Schaefer Joseph W. , George Brandon J. , Li Chris J. , Smaltz Christa M. , Bradley Conor G. , Fitzpatrick Danielle M. , Ney David B. , Chalikonda Divya M. , Mairose Joshua D. , Chauhan Kashyap , Szot Margaret V. , Jones Robert B. , Bashir‐Hamidu Rukaiya , Kubey Alan A. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractCOVID‐19 has disproportionately affected low‐income communities and people of color. Previous studies demonstrated that race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) are not independently correlated with COVID‐19 mortality. The purpose of our study is to determine the effect of race/ethnicity and SES on COVID‐19 30‐day mortality in a diverse, Philadelphian population. This is a retrospective cohort study in a single‐center tertiary care hospital in Philadelphia, PA. The study includes adult patients hospitalized with polymerase‐chain‐reaction‐confirmed COVID‐19 between March 1, 2020 and June 6, 2020. The primary outcome was a composite of COVID‐19 death or hospice discharge within 30 days of discharge. The secondary outcome was intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The study included 426 patients: 16.7% died, 3.3% were discharged to hospice, and 20.0% were admitted to the ICU. Using multivariable analysis, race/ethnicity was not associated with the primary nor secondary outcome. In Model 4, age greater than 75 (odds ratio [OR]: 11.01; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.96–61.97) and renal disease (OR: 2.78; 95% CI: 1.31–5.90) were associated with higher odds of the composite primary outcome. Living in a “very‐low‐income area” (OR: 0.29; 95% CI: 0.12–0.71) and body mass index (BMI) 30–35 (OR: 0.24; 95% CI: 0.08–0.69) were associated with lower odds of the primary outcome. When controlling for demographics, SES, and comorbidities, race/ethnicity was not independently associated with the composite primary outcome. Very‐low SES, as extrapolated from census‐tract‐level income data, was associated with lower odds of the composite primary outcome.
Sub‐second transient activated patterns to sad expressions in major depressive disorders discovered via hidden Markov model
Authors: Dai Zhongpeng , Zhang Siqi , Wang Xinyi , Wang Huan , Zhou Hongliang , Tian Shui , Chen Zhilu , Lu Qing , Yao Zhijian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe pathological mechanisms of major depressive disorders (MDDs) is associated with the overexpression of negative emotions, and the fast transient‐activated patterns underlying overrepresentation in depression still remain to be revealed to date. We hypothesized that the aberrant spatiotemporal attributes of the process of sad expressions are related to the neuropathology of MDD and help to detect the depression severity. We enrolled a total of 96 subjects including 47 patients with MDD and 49 healthy controls (HCs), and recorded their magnetoencephalography data under a sad expression recognition task. A hidden Markov model (HMM) was applied to separate the whole neural activity into several brain states, then to characterize the dynamics. To find the disrupted temporal–spatial characteristics, power estimations and fractional occupancy (FO) of each state were estimated and contrasted between MDDs and HCs. Three states were found over the period of emotional stimuli processing procedure. The early visual stage (0–270 ms) was mainly manifested by state 1, and the emotional information processing stage (270–600 ms) was manifested by state 2, while the state 3 remained a steady proportion across the whole period. MDDs activated statistically more in limbic system during state 2 (p = 0.0045) and less in frontoparietal control network during state 3 (p = 5.38 × 10–5) relative to HCs. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores were significantly correlated with the predicted disorder severity using FO values (p = 0.0062, r = 0.3933). Relative to HCs, MDDs perceived the sad contents quickly and spent more time overexpressing the negative emotions. These phenomena indicated MDD patients might easily indulge in negative emotion and neglect other things. Furthermore, temporal descriptors built by HMM could be potential biomarkers for identifying the severity of depression disorders.
Pulse protein ingredient modification
Authors: Fernando Supun 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIncreasing population and depletion of resources have paved the way to find sustainable and nutritious alternative protein sources. Pulses have been identified as a nutritious and inexpensive alternative source of protein that can meet this market demand. Pulses can be converted into protein concentrates and isolates through dry and wet separation techniques. Wet extraction results in relatively pure protein isolates but less sustainable due to higher energy requirements and high waste generation. Dry separation focuses on ingredient functionality rather than molecular level purity. These extracted pulse protein ingredients can be incorporated into different food systems to increase the nutritional value and to achieve the desired functionality. But many plant‐based alternative proteins including pulses, face several formulation challenges especially in nutritional, sensory, and functional aspects. Native pulse protein ingredients can contain antinutrients, beany flavor, and undesirable functionality. Modification by biological (enzymatic, fermentation), chemical (acylation, deamidation, glycosylation, phosphorylation), and physical (cold plasma, extrusion, heat, high pressure, ultrasound) methods or a combination of these can improve pulse protein ingredients at the macro and micro level for their desired use. These modification processes will thermodynamically change the structural and conformational characteristics of proteins and expect to improve the quality. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Clinical biomarkers in soft tissue sarcoma A comprehensive review of current soft tissue sarcoma biomarkers
Authors: Sharma Soumya R. , Paonessa Nadia E. , Casadei Lucia , Costas De Faria Fernanda , Pollock Raphael E. , Grignol Valerie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractSoft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that arise from mesenchymal tissue. Investigation at the molecular level has been challenging due to the rarity of STS and the number of histologic subtypes. However, recent research has provided new insight into potential genomic, proteomic, and immunological biomarkers of STS. The identification of biomarkers can improve diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of recurrence and treatment response. This review provides an understanding of biomarkers, discussing the current status of biomarker research in STS.
High‐speed countercurrent chromatography for isolation and enrichment of betacyanins from fresh and dried leaves of Atriplex hortensis L. var. “Rubra”
Authors: Spórna‐Kucab Aneta , Jerz Gerold , Kumorkiewicz‐Jamro Agnieszka , Tekieli Anna , Wybraniec Sławomir 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBetacyanins and their decarboxylated derivatives from fresh and dried edible leaves of Atriplex hortensis L. var. “Rubra” were fractionated for the first time by high‐speed countercurrent chromatography. Pigments present in fresh leaf extract were separated in systems: ethanol – acetonitrile – n‐propanol – ammonium sulphate – water (0.5:0.5:0.5:1.2:1.0, v/v/v/v/v) (tail‐to‐head mode) and tert‐butyl methyl ether – n‐butanol – acetonitrile – water with 0.7% heptafluorobutyric acid (2:2:1:5, v/v/v/v) (head‐to‐tail mode). The mobile phase flow rate was 2 mL/min and the retention of the stationary phase was 79.8 and 75.2%, respectively. Pigments from dried leaves were separated in a similar ion‐pair system with heptafluorobutyric acid in different volume proportions 1:3:1:5 (head‐to‐tail mode) and the flow rate of the mobile phase 3 mL/min. The stationary phase retention was 64.0%. The application of the countercurrent chromatography for the fractionation of betacyanins from leaves of Atriplex hortensis enabled to isolate and pre‐concentrate the pigments for further low‐ and high‐resolution liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric detection. This study revealed the presence of 10 betacyanins in fresh and 16 in dried leaves of Atriplex hortensis. Two compounds were not previously identified in the whole Amaranthaceae family. Additionally, instead of (iso)amaranthin, celosianin and its epimer were dominant betacyanins in the Atriplex hortensis.
Effect of root‐glomalin on soil carbon storage in trees' rhizosphere and interspace of a tropical dry forest
Authors: Singh Ashutosh Kumar , Jiang Xiao Jin , Yang Bin , Li Hongmei , Liu Wenjie , Singh Nandita 
Published: September 2021

AbstractIncreasing soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration is a desirable aspect of afforestation. Glomalin‐related soil protein (GRSP) is a ubiquitous component of SOC, preferentially produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) during symbiotic association with the plant roots. Although the role of AMF in GRSP production is well established, the role of root in GRSP production is not yet clear. Hence, we aimed to assess the glomalin in different tree roots (i.e., glomalin‐related root protein; GRRP) and its influence on GRSP and SOC storage in trees’ rhizosphere and interspace. The experiment was conducted in a tropical dry forest (India) with six native trees (Hardwickia binata, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Diospyros melanoxylon, Terminalia tomentosa, Shorea robusta, and Anogeissus latifolia) and a planted Teak (Tectona grandis). The fine roots (from the rhizosphere) and topsoils (0–15 cm) were collected from the rhizosphere and interspace of each tree. We found GRRP concentration varying between trees, with higher values observed in the roots of native trees than those of Teak. The AMF colonization was positively correlated with GRRP (r2 = 0.88), and GRRP positively correlated with GRSP and SOC. The higher correlation of GRRP was observed with GRSP (r2 = 0.70–0.79) compared with SOC (r2 = 0.56–0.58), while the correlation was much stronger between GRSP and SOC (r2 = 0.91). These results indicate that GRRP influences SOC storage via mediating GRSP concentration. We suggest that GRRP can be used as an indicator for species screening during afforestation with the aim to improve SOC storage on an afforested landscape.
Terrestrial input of herbicides has significant impacts on phytoplankton and bacterioplankton communities in coastal waters
Authors: Yang Liqiang , Mou Shanli , Li Hongmei , Zhang Zenghu , Jiao Nianzhi , Zhang Yongyu 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHerbicide use has increased very rapidly worldwide in recent decades, and some of these herbicides eventually enter the ocean. At present, herbicide pollution in the ocean has become a global environmental problem. Here, in a field investigation of 22 commonly used herbicide residues (triazine, phenylurea, and amide) in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea, we found that the detection rate of herbicide residues within 100 km from shore was 100%. Notably, triazine herbicides have reached concentrations (up to 12.07 nmol L−1) that can significantly disturb phytoplankton and bacterioplankton communities in microcosm experiments. Under exposure to triazine herbicides at close to their total in situ concentrations, the photosynthesis of the phytoplankton community was significantly inhibited, which was reflected by the significant decrease of Fv/Fm (28.7–63.8%) of the phytoplankton community and dissolved oxygen content (18.1–32.2%) in seawater. Concurrently, the phytoplankton community structure underwent significant changes with the dominant group shifting from diatoms to dinoflagellates, due to the higher atrazine sensitivity of diatoms compared to facultative dinoflagellates. Triazine herbicide also significantly altered the bacterioplankton community structure and inhibited their metabolism of many carbon sources including carbohydrates, amino acids, and carboxylic acids. As phytoplankton and bacterioplankton are closely related, the impact of herbicide on the bacterioplankton community was clearly aggravated by the phytoplankton community. In view of the significance of phytoplankton and bacterioplankton communities in supporting marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles, a continuous increase in herbicide input in the future may seriously affect the stability of coastal oceans.