bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning Outcomes during Information Search in Digital Archives
Authors: Wu I‐Chin , Huang Bo‐Xian , Vakkari Pertti 
Published: October 2021

AbstractA museum's digital archive system gathers information about cultural heritage and makes it accessible to the public. In this study we clarify the extent to which search behaviors reflect task outcome and foster users’ knowledge of painting and calligraphy. Ten users participated who are special interest museum visitors. They joined in this evaluation of the Digital Archives of Chinese Painting and Calligraphy Search System (DA‐PCSS) of the National Palace Museum in Taiwan. Participants’ search activities and interactions with the DA‐PCSS were recorded in two simulated tasks. The results show that the high‐performance (HP) group who received high scores for their essays on the tasks formulated precise and relevant queries. Furthermore, the HP group were able to find information needed inside or outside the system to explore and synthesize the information, which was clearly reflected in their search move patterns, during the search process. Our results suggest that the criteria for learning at various stages of search suggested by Vakkari (2016) seem to validly reflect the quality of the search outcomes. In all, the results elucidate how the evaluated system supports users as they search for target items, as well as how learning occurs during the search process and in turn influences task outcomes.
Research on Information Flow Mechanism of Manufacturing Enterprises from the Perspective of Innovation Value Chain
Authors: Yang Xiudan , Qi Xiaoying 
Published: October 2021

AbstractManufacturing enterprises always generate, acquire, and transform large amount of information which flows across every link of their innovation process and value chain. Information flow is one of the basic conditions for information to be reproduced, utilized and value added. Unreasonable paths and transmission methods of information flow will lead to problems such as poor flow efficiency, low information sharing and even information silos, which will further restrict the R&D innovation and service upgrade. Optimizing information flow mechanisms and paths is a vital part for improving the innovation capability of manufacturing enterprises. In order to reflect the interactions, flow‐path differences and nonlinear laws among manufacturing enterprises' innovation units and to reveal relations between information‐flowing efficiency and innovation capabilities, the paper divides innovation activities of manufacturing enterprises into three phases, such as information acquisition, information transformation and information value addition based on the theory of innovation value chain, and puts forward a mathematical model of information absorption and transformation to ultimately reveal the mechanisms for information flow across inside and outside units. Further, the paper takes a non‐linear function for absorptive capacity based on level of experiential knowledge, continuous R&D intensity, and agent relation strength to quantify the information absorption and transformation process and takes index of innovation information amount and cumulative information amount to calculate innovation abilities and measure information value addition. Finally, the paper uses simulation tool to analyze the influencing factors of information absorption and transformation optimization.
Digital Readiness Assessment of Countries in Africa: A Case Study Research
Authors: Assefa Shimelis , Rorissa Abebe , Alemneh Daniel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThere is an increasing uptake of digital technologies across African countries. Public, private, and government services have adopted and utilized digital technologies to improve work processes, productivity, create jobs, and better service delivery. This short paper seeks to answer these questions: What is the current state of digital readiness in African countries? Do existing digital readiness assessment tools, indicators, or metrics, help to assess the digital readiness of countries in Africa? Analysis of publicly available data from Cisco index of readiness score and Broadband speed ranking by cable.co.uk, reveal that: 1) African countries' digital readiness score is below the global average of 11.96, on a scale of 0 to 25 (except Tunisia with readiness average score of 12.05); and 2) African countries' broadband speed is below the global mean speed of 25Mbps (mean speed of 4.51 and 3.80 Mbps for sub‐Saharan Africa and North Africa, respectively). Second, analysis of various assessment tools show that the existing metrics can't be used as is to diagnose and evaluate Africa's digital readiness. Instead factors such as availability of adequate infrastructure; last‐mile connectivity to homes, schools, businesses, and government agencies; and skill gaps should be considered. The implications of this study are to show the need for an appropriate assessment tools so countries in Africa prioritize efforts to embrace digital readiness.
Discrimination in Healthcare and LGBTQ+ Information and Care‐seeking Behaviors
Authors: Brown Lindsay K. , Veinot Tiffany C. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMembers of the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer/Questioning, plus (LGBTQ+) community may face discrimination in healthcare, which can subsequently impact information and care‐seeking patterns. A tendency to avoid or delay health care is particularly concerning for LGBTQ+ people who face both physical and mental health disparities. This paper presents a literature review of literature on healthcare discrimination, LGBTQ+ care‐seeking, and associated information behaviors in order to generate a preliminary model of LGBTQ+ decision‐making around care and well‐being, called the Model of the Pathways to LGBTQ+ Well‐Being. This model can be used to investigate links between information behavior and relevant health behaviors and outcomes in a marginalized population.
Use of Bibliometrics Data to Understand the Citation Advantages of Different Open Access Categories in Covid‐19 Related Studies
Authors: Chen Xiaoju , Bharti Neelam , Marsteller Matthew R. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe number of Open Access (OA) research articles is trending upward. This research aims to understand the correlations between different OA types and the impact of OA research articles evaluated based on the citation numbers. To avoid bias caused by the publication year, we chose to use COVID‐19 studies in different fields to take advantage of this topic's quick turnaround of data. We analyzed the bibliometrics data and citation numbers (excluding self‐citations) of around 42,000 English language articles published in 2020 related to COVID‐19. We evaluated different types of OA categories such as Gold, Bronze, and Hybrid articles separately. Results show that amongst all OA categories, Hybrid/Green and Bronze/Green OA articles had significant citation advantages. Green OA articles returned more citations than articles with the other OA status. Gold OA articles have no citation advantages compared to non‐OA articles. Gold/Green OA articles had the highest self‐citation rates, followed by Non‐OA articles. The results of the study can be used in understanding different OA categories and the reasons for OA choices. Certain strategies can be made accordingly to improve the awareness of OA in different fields and help OA publishers to improve the OA services.
Moods in Book Reviews: Text Mining Approach
Authors: Cho Hyerim , Adkins Denice , Bossaller Jenny , Moulaison‐Sandy Heather 
Published: October 2021

AbstractSpiteri and Pecoskie (2018) proposed a taxonomy of terms to describe emotion and tone in novels. We tested those terms against 5,144 full‐text book reviews from the New York Times Book Review to discover whether the proposed terms were used in published reviews to describe books, and of those terms used, which were most used. The objective of this study is to explore whether emotional contents can be identified by a text mining approach without investing too much time and efforts of information professionals. Findings demonstrate that the terms chosen by Spiteri and Pecoskie are used in professional book reviews, though some may be used in multiple ways, rather than only related to emotional content. Results of this work contribute to a larger scale project of testing machine models of identifying emotional content in books and ultimately being able to create automated media recommendation systems that include emotion as an identifier.
“I Don't Want a Book That's Going to Make Me Sad or Stressed Out, Especially in This Day and Age”: Fiction Reading (and Healing) in a Pandemic
Authors: Cho Hyerim , Lee Wan‐Chen , Urban Alex , Huang Li‐Min , Long Yi 
Published: October 2021

AbstractTo understand the roles of fiction reading in mitigating readers' stress during the COVID‐19 pandemic, this study explores readers' motivations, preferences, and reading behaviors. Through an open‐ended online survey posted on social media platforms and an online reading community, the researchers collected 76 responses from adult fiction readers. Through qualitative coding, three prominent themes were identified: escapism, re‐reading behavior, and access and format. Readers actively escape into fictional worlds, often through re‐reading books, to cope with the pandemic. Also, cost and available channels of access shape readers' selection of fiction book format. These themes highlight elements of fiction reading that are pertinent to emotionally‐strained individuals, which can provide insight for reference and recommendation services. By advancing researchers' understanding of pleasure reading behaviors and the important selection criteria for fiction readers during stressful times, this study contributes to the body of knowledge in Readers Advisory (RA) and information behavior.
How Big Are Peoples' Computer Files? File Size Distributions Among User‐managed Collections
Authors: Dinneen Jesse David , Nguyen Ba Xuan 
Published: October 2021

AbstractImproving file management interfaces and optimising system performance requires current data about users' digital collections and particularly about the file size distributions of such collections. However, prior works have examined only the sizes of system files and users' work files in varied contexts, and there has been no such study since 2013; it therefore remains unclear how today's file sizes are distributed, particularly personal files, and further if distributions differ among the major operating systems or common occupations. Here we examine such differences among 49 million files in 348 user collections. We find that the average file size has grown more than ten‐fold since the mid‐2000s, though most files are still under 8 MB, and that there are demographic and technological influences in the size distributions. We discuss the implications for user interfaces, system optimisation, and PIM research.
Towards a Taxonomy of Trustworthy Digital Repository Impacts
Authors: Donaldson Devan Ray , Russell Samuel Vodicka 
Published: October 2021

AbstractMeasuring the societal impact of digital repositories is a wicked problem. To capture information about the impacts of digital repositories that become certified as Trustworthy Digital Repositories (TDRs), a taxonomy describing activities cited as evidence of compliance with TDR standards is needed to relate those activities to socially beneficial outcomes. This paper presents a Minimum Viable Prototype (MVP) for a TDR Impacts taxonomy to enable the expression of their activities in a structured way. Our MVP provides a proof‐of‐concept that by formalizing concepts about TDRs in a taxonomy, we can investigate ways to measure whether the impacts associated with becoming and remaining a certified TDR are also impacts that generate societal value. Implications of the work described include potential strategies to identify, extract, and/or author machine‐readable descriptions of measurable facets of TDR activities and the resulting impacts on communities.
“Meaning in the present”: Understanding Sustainability for Digital Community Collections
Authors: Fenlon Katrina , Grimmer Jessica , Reza Alia , Thurston Courtnie 
Published: October 2021

AbstractLiving independently of mainstream institutions, digital community archives and digital humanities collections confront systemic barriers to medium‐ and long‐term viability. Their sustainability tends to be undermined by shifts in technologies, resources, and communities over time. Because these collections contain irreplaceable and invaluable evidence of communities and histories that are underrepresented in cultural institutions, their fragility compromises the completeness and equity of our collective digital heritage. Partnerships between institutions and community‐based collections often founder over a lack of shared understanding: of the expertise each partner brings to the table, of the scope and extent of mutual commitments, and of what sustainability even entails for a given project. This paper reports preliminary outcomes of a case study of the Lakeland Digital Archive, exploring how Lakeland's community understands sustainability in the context of their digital archive, as part of a broader study of community‐centered sustainability strategies for digital collections.
Archivists' Information Work Lines: Affective, Information Management, and Hybrid Onsite‐Remote Work Performance
Authors: Garwood Deborah A. , Poole Alex H. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper is among the first to investigate information work concepts in the archival context. A qualitative case study, it relies on two rounds of semi‐structured interviews with information professionals at medical history collections in Philadelphia. These interviews bracketed the six months before and after COVID‐19's onset. We analyze three lines of information work that evolved as these archivists shifted the work context to their home environments: affective effort, information management, and hybrid onsite‐remote work performance. Findings suggest that tasks such as processing, digitizing, and curating resources (invisible pre‐pandemic) and reference services (visible pre‐pandemic) overlap in archivists' hybrid onsite‐remote work performance during the pandemic. In recognizing the links between archivists' information work and work performance as a holistic approach to studies of the information‐intensive archival context, this research has implications for the centrality of work context, purpose, and value in the archival context.
Avoiding Information during Serious Illness: Insights into the Information Behavior of Cancer Patients
Authors: Jensen Jesper Gabs , Petersen Emil , Frandsen Tove Faber 
Published: October 2021

AbstractCancer patients seek information about their health and illness using many different approaches. Some prefer to seek intensively whereas other avoid seeking information. Over the course of the cancer continuum an individual may meet their needs using several different approaches. In this paper, we explore how avoidance can be an approach used as part of information seeking activities and not just as an alternative approach. Interviews with six current and former cancer patients were conducted and audio recorded for transcription. The transcriptions were coded to identify themes and concepts. We identify the different patterns of information seeking among the interviewees ranging from seeking intensively to avoiding information. Furthermore, we find that exposing yourself selectively to information as well as avoiding some information can be strategies to protect the information seeker from information the individual is not able to cope with. This study indicates that information seeking approaches are overlapping.
Five Motivating Concerns for AI Ethics Instruction
Authors: Knowles Mariah A. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) systems are embedded in institutions that are not diverse, that are inequitable, unjust, and exclusionary. How do we address the interface between AI systems and an unjust world, in service to human flourishing? One mechanism for addressing AI Ethics is AI Ethics Education: training those who will build, use, and/or be subject to AI systems to have clear moral reasoning, make responsible decisions, and take right actions. This paper presents, as part of a larger project, work on what AI Ethics instructors currently do and how they describe their motivating concerns. I find that although AI Ethics content and pedagogy is varied, there are some common motivating concerns particular to this kind of teaching, which may be useful in structuring future guidance for new AI Ethics teachers, evaluating existing pedagogy, guiding research on new pedagogies, and promoting discussion with the AI Ethics community.
Tattoos and Information: Mapping the Landscape of Tattoo Research
Authors: Krtalić Maja , Campbell‐Meier Jennifer , Bell Rachel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper is the initial discussion of a larger projectTattoo and Information,exploring tattoos as an information and communication phenomenon from multicultural perspectives and various use purposes. The overall purpose of the project is to provide insight into information seeking and experience in the context of tattoos to identify information literacy, visual literacy and cultural literacy skills as well as communications skills necessary for a successful tattoo experience in Aotearoa New Zealand. In this paper, we present findings from the literature review accompanied by preliminary insights from four interviews. The findings reflect thematic areas of research focusing on tattoos and gaps that exist. We used interviews to capture what topics emerge from tattoo narratives and whether they align with topics and gaps identified in the literature review. Based on the findings, we identify areas for future research.
What is a Good Visualization for Digital Humanities Researchers? An Exploratory Study
Authors: Ma Rongqian , Xiao Fanghui 
Published: October 2021

AbstractVisualization in digital humanities (DH) has developed into a charged topic as increasing numbers of humanities researchers begin to work with machine‐readable data. The current research literature on DH visualization has primarily approached the subject from a theoretical perspective, arguing the humanistic visualization should fundamentally differ from scientific visualization to represent the distinct nature of humanities data and inquiries. However, few studies have tried to empirically understand what it means to be agoodvisualization for humanities researchers and practitioners. This study aims to bridge this research gap by offering an exploratory investigation into researchers' perceptions on visualization, particularly how they evaluate a visualization in humanities research. Through 10 semi‐structured interviews with humanities scholars engaging in digital work, our study demonstrates that perceptions of a quality visualization among the humanities researchers are closely related to researchers' purposes of using visualization and their self‐confidence in visualization knowledge and skills. This study serves as a baseline for future empirical research on DH visualization and potentially informs the best practices for humanistic visualizations.
Policies, Procedures, and Decision‐Making: Data Managers and the Research Lifecycle
Authors: Million A.J. , Bossaller Jenny S. 
Published: October 2021

AbstractResearch data is an asset. Researchers may be required to provide access to their data by scientific funders or academic journals and deposit their data in archives. Managers of archives are guided by principles, policies, and the law when curating and providing access to data. Practices around data storage and access, however, are not always cut and dry; research data managers sometimes need to interpret policies. This paper presents findings from qualitative interviews with 15 data managers from 8 repositories in the U.S. These repositories were all affiliated with universities but served varied constituents and provided a range of services. Differences revealed opportunities and challenges in managing data repositories regarding, for instance, who can access data and the level of protection data requires. We also found that data‐related policy challenges may stem from any stage of the research lifecycle.
Interpreting Police Video: A Pilot Study
Authors: Newell Bryce Clayton 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThe visual records police body‐worn cameras (BWCs) produce are frequently characterized as presenting more complete, comprehensive, and objective evidence of police‐public encounters than other forms of evidence. Despite a growing body of research on the social impacts of BWCs, we still lack a rich understanding of what information these technologies provide viewers. This ongoing exploratory project examines how people interpret what they see in BWC footage and what judgments they make about the appropriateness of depicted police conduct. Drawing from interviews with twelve students and twelve sworn police officers, I present initial exploratory findings. Participants viewed BWC video of a police‐public contact in which an officer stops a man on a sidewalk to question him, resulting in a foot chase and, ultimately, an arrest. When asked whether the officer's behavior was justified, police officer participants were more likely to focus on things like police training, procedure, and legality to justify the officer's action, while student participants were more likely to focus on the officer's demeanor, reporting that he should have been calmer and may have escalated the situation by not explaining clearly why he had initiated the stop.
Journals as Communities: A Case Study of Core Journals in LIS
Authors: Nicolaisen Jeppe , Frandsen Tove Faber 
Published: October 2021

AbstractThis paper proposes an indicator for measuring the level of commitment to academic journals. The indicator is demonstrated on a sample of core LIS‐journals. By monitoring authorship patterns over a 20‐year period, it is shown that some journals have a higher frequency of returning authors than others, consequently showing a larger degree of community commitment. The paper discusses how the indicator may be applied when studying factors influencing researchers' journal selection decisions.
Patterns of Subject Metadata Change in MARC 21 Bibliographic Records for Video Recordings
Authors: Zavalin Vyacheslav , Zavalina Oksana L. , Safa Rachel 
Published: October 2021

AbstractStudy reported in this paper analyzed over twenty thousand machine‐readable library metadata records in MARC 21 bibliographic format that are based on Resource Description and Access (RDA) standard. The focus of this analysis is on change in subject metadata—data elements designed for representing the aboutness of information objects—over a 6‐year period between 2014 and 2020. The analyzed dataset is the entire population of the records representing English‐language video recordings in DVD format in WorldCat database as of one year after official transition to RDA data content standard in library metadata creation. Analysis of metadata representing audiovisual materials is needed as audiovisual metadata practices tend to differ from those for other materials due to high occurrence of unique resources. The study includes quantitative and qualitative analyses into the change in the application of data elements (fields and subfields) over time and categorizes the observed change.