bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synchronous gallbladder metastasis of renal cell carcinoma presenting as a gallbladder polyp
Authors: Cho Sung Hoon , Han Young Seok , Han Ja Ryung , Kwon Hyung Jun , Choi Seock Hwan , Kim Hyun Tae , Han Man-Hoon , Chun Jae Min 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Gallbladder polyps are common in the general population, but gallbladder metastasis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is very rare. In a patient with RCC diagnosed with a small gallbladder polyp that does not meet the traditional size criteria, the surgeon faces a dilemma of whether cholecystectomy should be performed given the possibility of metastasis.

Patient concerns:
A 55-year-old man who had received a left nephrectomy for RCC presented with a gallbladder polyp that was noted at the time of the nephrectomy. Imaging showed the maximum diameter of the polyp had increased from 5 mm to 24 mm in the 40 months after the initial diagnosis.

Diagnosis:
Pathological and immunohistology findings confirmed the gallbladder polyp as a metastasis of clear-cell RCC.

Interventions
: We performed a laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Outcomes:
Even though the synchronous solitary gallbladder metastasis was left untreated and a cholecystectomy was not performed over the 40 months, no metastasis occurred in other sites. The patient is free from disease 10 months after the cholecystectomy.

Lessons:
Solitary gallbladder metastasis of RCC may have more favorable outcomes than typical metastases. Although gallbladder metastasis of RCC occur rarely, it can occur, and any changes in gallbladder polyps in RCC patients should be managed under a strong suspicion of metastasis.
Prognostic value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio previously determined to surgery in patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Garcia-Rojo Dario , Prera Angel , Muñoz-Rodriguez Jesus , Oliva Joan Carles , Dominguez Arturo , Prats Joan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
The prognostic value of pretreatment lymphocyte to monocyte ratio in patients with renal cell carcinoma and, especially, in non-metastatic patients remains controversial.

Methods:
We conducted a PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis to systematically assess the prognostic value of LMR in patients with non-metastatic RCC. Overall survival, cancer-specific survival, and disease-free survival were analyzed. Pooled hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results:
Seven studies comprising 4666 patients were included in the analysis. Unlike those observed in a previous meta-analysis, a lower lymphocyte to monocyte ratio was associated with poorer cancer-specific survival (fix-effect model, hazard ratio 3.04, 95% confidence intervals 2.05–4.51, P < .05). Heterogeneity Chi-squared value Q exp = 0. (P = .82) (I2 = 0%). However, the association between a low lymphocyte to monocyte ratio and overall survival or disease-free survival did not obtain significance.

Conclusion:
A lower lymphocyte to monocyte ratio implied poor cancer-specific survival in patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.

Registration number:
ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT04213664)
Efficacy and safety of Reyanning mixture combined with conventional Western medicine for treating COVID-19
Authors: Li Yajuan , Zhang Jingxia , Li Shasha , Li Fan , Zhao Chongbo , Li Fang , Wang Weifeng , Wang Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
Since its first report in December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly emerged as a pandemic affecting nearly all countries worldwide. So far, there is no specific anti-coronavirus therapy approved for the treatment of COVID-19. In China, some traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have been successfully applied to the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and have achieved good clinical results, including the Reyanning mixture, but there is no systematic review about it. This study will systematically evaluate its efficacy and safety in the treatment of COVID-19.

Methods:
The following electronic bibliographic databases will be searched to identify relevant studies: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CNKI, CBM, and Wanfang databases. We will use the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions to assess the risk of bias. The protocol will be conducted according to the approach and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Manager 5.3 software and STATA 16.0 software were used to perform the meta-analysis.

Results:
The systematic review and meta-analysis aims to review and pool current clinical outcomes of Reyanning mixture for the treatment of COVID-19.

Conclusion:
The conclusion of this review will provide evidence to judge whether Reyanning mixture combined with Conventional Western Medicine is an effective and safe intervention for COVID-19.

INPLASY registration number:
INPLASY2020120044.
Community-level socioeconomic status and outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
Authors: Lee Sanghun , Ahn Ki Ok , Cha Myeong-il 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the associations of community-level socioeconomic status (SES) on outcomes of patients with out-of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).

Methods:
A systematic literature review was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane database according to guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We included literature that presented the outcomes based on community-level SES among patients with OHCA. SES indicators included economic indicators such as income, wealth, and occupation, as well as combined indicators, where any of these indicators were integrated. Outcomes were bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and survival to discharge.

Results:
From 1394 titles, 10 cross-sectional observational studies fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria, representing 118,942 patients with OHCA. The odds ratios (ORs) of bystander CPR and survival to discharge for lower community-level SES patients were lower than those for higher community-level SES by economic SES indicators (bystander CPR OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.51–0.89, survival to discharge OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.35–1.02). Based on combined SES indicators the results showed similar patterns (bystander CPR OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.75–0.84, survival to discharge OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.63–0.92).

Conclusion:
In this meta-analysis, community-level SES was significantly associated with bystander CPR and survival among patients with OHCA.
Analysis of risk factors and construction of prediction model of drop out from peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Li Li , Pei Hualian , Liu Zhenhui , Zhang Jingjing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
This study is to investigate the risk factors for the drop out from peritoneal dialysis.
We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent catheterization between January 1, 2009 and September 30, 2019. The follow-up period ended on November 30, 2019. End point events were the cessation of peritoneal dialysis, including death, conversion to hemodialysis, and kidney transplantation. Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze peritoneal dialysis curve. Significant factors were included in the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. Calibration curve was plotted.
A total of 377 patients were included in this study. The dropout rate of peritoneal dialysis was 41.38%. The main drop out reason was conversion to hemodialysis, accounting for 41.67% of the total number of drop out, followed by kidney transplantation (28.21%) and death (25%). According to multivariable Cox proportional hazards model analysis, the medium education level (hazard ratio (HR): 2.53, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08–5.91, P = .03), high education level (HR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.03–5.93, P = .04), diabetes (HR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.24–2.83, P < .03), hypertension (HR: 2.40, 95% CI: 1.64–3.51, P < .01), repeated peritonitis (HR: 5.18, 95% CI: 3.04–8.80, P < .01), and repeated chest complications (HR: 4.98, 95% CI: 2.79–8.89, P < .01) were independent risk factors for dropping out from peritoneal dialysis, while the number of hospitalizations after catheterization (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89–0.98, P = .01) was protective factor for maintenance of peritoneal dialysis. The C index of the prediction model was 0.74.
Higher education level, diabetes, hypertension, repeated peritonitis, and repeated chest complications were the risk factors of dropping out from peritoneal dialysis, while higher number of hospitalizations after catheterization was a protective factor for the maintenance of peritoneal dialysis. The nomogram could predict the probability of dropping out from peritoneal dialysis.
Prevalence and factors of compassion fatigue among nurse in China
Authors: Jin Man , Wang Jialin , Zeng Li , Xie Wanqing , Tang Ping , Yuan Zhongqing 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
Compassion fatigue is defined as a detrimental consequence of experiencing work-related stress among nurses, which can affect the job performance and harm emotional and physical health. The high risk of compassion fatigue among nurses may be even more severe in China. Although several studies have explored the prevalence and factors of compassion fatigue among Chinese nurses, most data derived merely from the specialty units of the hospital or limited samples, and there is a large heterogeneity among studies. Thus, it is indispensable to systematically summarize the risk factors and prevalence of compassion fatigue among clinical nurse in China.

Methods:
Two reviewers will independently conduct comprehensively searches in 9 electronic databases including PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), EMBASE, Web of science, MEDLINE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang and Chinese Biological Medical Database (CBM) with no search date restriction. Cross-sectional and prospective cohort studies that described the prevalence and factors of Chinese nurses compassion fatigue will be eligible for inclusion. The risk of bias and methodological quality of individual study will be assessed using an adapted quality assessment tool from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Stata 16.0 software will be used for meta-analysis.

Results:
The primary outcome will be the prevalence of 3 dimension of compassion fatigue in Chinese nurses. The secondary outcomes will be comparisons of compassion fatigue scores among Chinese nurse of different education background, marital status, employment forms and professional titles.

Conclusion:
This overview will contribute to reveal the prevalence and influencing factors in compassion fatigue among Chinese nurses and provide a scientific evidence for the prediction and prevention in compassion fatigue.

Registration number:
The registration DOI is 10.17605/OSF.IO/V34X6.
Hypertension in a patient with medullary sponge kidney
Authors: Wu Fengyuan , Zhang Ying , Cheng Yunpeng , Lu Yan , Jiang Yinong , Song Wei 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Medullary sponge kidney (MSK) is a congenital renal disorder characterized by recurrent nephrolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis. Recently, it has been found that MSK can be also combined with other diseases, such as primary aldosteronism and Beckwith-Wiedemann, but whether it is associated with secondary hypertension remains unknown.

Patient concerns:
A 22-year-old hypertensive female presented to our hospital characterized by hypokalemia and hypertension.

Diagnosis:
The laboratory examination showed secondary aldosteronism. And the common causes for secondary aldosteronism include renal artery stenosis, glomerulonephritis, lupus nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy, all of which were excluded except MSK.

Interventions:
She was treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

Outcomes:
Her blood pressure, serum potassium, and plasma renin levels were reversed after treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.

Lessons:
We presumed that MSK may be associated with secondary hypertension, and the mechanism may be the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma harboring a fusion of ROS1 with GOPC
Authors: Wang Jinjing , Luo Shuai , Li Yao , Zheng Hong 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma is a region-specific tumor originating from the nasopharyngeal surface epithelium. Owing to its rarity, more attention has been paid to its clinicopathologic features, while little effort has been made to study the gene abnormalities that drive this tumor. We describe the first case of nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma harboring a fusion of ROS1 with GOPC.

Patient concerns:
A 22-year-old female patient was diagnosed with nasopharyngeal papillary adenocarcinoma in our hospital, and she had right nasal obstruction for more than 6 months. Nasal endoscopy revealed a mass on the posterior roof of the nasopharynx.

Diagnoses:
Immunohistochemical staining showed that the tumor cells were diffusely positive for transcription termination factor 1, vimentin, CK19, glypican-3, and CK7, and negative for melanocyte, CK5/6, CK20, P53, P63, S100, smooth muscle actin, p16, PAX8, and thyroglobulin. The Ki-67 index was approximately 5%; EBV-encoded small nuclear RNA was negative.

Interventions:
The tumor was completely excised on endoscopy with a negative surgical margin.

Outcomes:
No sign of recurrence was observed during the 3-year follow-up period.

Lessons:
Owing to its rarity, pathologists should be aware of this unusual neoplasm to avoid misdiagnosis. Further studies are needed to further characterize the relationship between ROS1-GOPC fusion and the pathogenesis of this carcinoma and its response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in relapsed cases.
Metachronous primary colon and periampullary duodenal cancer
Authors: Li Tao , Wang Xinyu , Chen Chen , Song Xiaobin , Li Jiannan , Zhao Zeyun , Zhang Nan , Li Wei , Zhang Kai , Liu Tongjun 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Primary periampullary duodenal cancer accounts for 3% to 17% of periampullary cancers. There are no previous reports of metachronous primary colon and periampullary duodenal cancer.

Patient concerns:
We present a case of primary periampullary duodenal cancer that occurred metachronously after colon cancer.

Diagnoses:
Imaging and endoscopic examinations, serum tumor marker levels, and pathology confirmed metachronous colon and periampullary duodenal cancer, with 14-month interval between the diagnoses of the 2 malignancies.

Intervention:
The patient received right hemicolectomy combined with mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy for colon cancer and pancreatoduodenectomy for periampullary duodenal cancer.

Outcomes:
The patient has been followed up for 6 years since the pancreatoduodenectomy and shows no signs of recurrence or metastasis.

Lessons:
The risk of developing a second malignancy may be associated with the site of the first tumor. Patients with right colon cancer may have particularly high risk of developing small intestinal cancer, including duodenal cancer. Early detection and active surgical treatments can improve prognosis. Long-term regular follow-up is necessary to detect new malignancies occurring after the diagnosis colon cancer.
Almonertinib-induced interstitial lung disease
Authors: Jiang Ting , Luo Yiyang , Wang Binbin 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Rationale:
Epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have elicited favorable anti-tumor activity in non-small cell lung cancer especially the lung adenocarcinoma. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is 1 of the fatal side effects of EGFR-TKIs. However, such type of side effect has not been observed in the follow-up during the treatment of the third-generation EGFR-TKI Almonertinib (also called HS-10296). Here, we first report an Almonertinib-induced ILD in an elderly female patient.

Patient concerns:
A 70-year-old female diagnosed with “ lung adenocarcinoma with intracranial metastasis” harboring a mutation of EGFR 19DEL was administrated with Almonertinib 110 mg orally as the first-line treatment. However, she presented with chest tightness, and shortness of breath, accompanying with paroxysmal dry cough 3 months after the initiation of Almonertinib.

Diagnoses:
Extensive relevant examinations did not provide conclusive results and the chest computed tomography showed a diffuse ILD in bilateral pulmonary.

Interventions:
The patient was diagnosed with Almonertinib-induced ILD in the absence of no other potential causes. She discontinued Almonertinib and was treated with oxygen uptaken and methylprednisolone.

Outcomes:
The whole symptoms were eliminated and the chest computed tomography showed ILD got remission after the prescription of methylprednisolone.

Lessons:
Almonertinib has potential to cause the rare but severe interstitial lung disease. Clinicians should keep cautious of this when prescribing Almonertinib.
Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese patent medicine on carotid artery atherosclerosis in adults
Authors: Sun Huiqing , Qu Wei , Chen Guangjia , Sun Xiaonan , Zhang Deqing , Shao Shichuan 
Published: January 2021

Abstract

Background:
Atherosclerosis (AS), the predominant pathological basis of ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, remains a common and severe clinical problem. The experiments in vitro and in vivo indicate that Traditional Chinese patent medicine (TCPM) shows beneficial efficacy against AS through a variety of mechanisms. However, the existing therapeutic TCPM for the treatment of AS are diverse, and it is still significant to evaluate the pros and cons of a certain TCPM. Therefore, the study aims to compare the efficacy and outcomes of different anti-atherosclerotic TCPM in adults with the hope of providing references for clinical decision making.

Methods:
Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, and China Science and Technology Journal Database will be searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TCPM for aortic AS in adults will be included in this study if they meet the Population/Intervention/Comparison/Outcomes/Study Design (PICOS) criteria. Two reviewers will independently perform citations screening, data extraction and risk of bias assessment. STATA 15.0 and WinBUGS 1.4.3 will be employed to conduct statistical analyses under the Bayesian framework.

Results:
The efficacy and safety of various TCPM strategies on aortic AS in adults will be compared.

Conclusion:
The study will expand the range of options for anti-atherosclerotic therapeutic strategies and encourages further clinical research in traditional Chinese medicine.

INPLASY registration number:
INPLASY2020120036.
Graft-Versus-Host-Disease of the Central Nervous System and Lung in a Patient With Acute Myeloid Leukemia After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Case Report
Authors: Li Zhihui , Wen Xiaopei , Geng Yanping , Wu Tong 
Published: January 2021

Introduction:
The common etiology of central nervous system (CNS) complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) includes CNS infection, metabolic abnormalities, drug toxicity, cerebrovascular events, Epstein-Barr virus–associated posttransplant lymphoproliferative diseases, and hematologic CNS relapse of leukemia. Although graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allo-HSCT, its CNS involvement is exceedingly rare.

Case Presentation:
In this report, we describe a patient who exhibited acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21) (q22;q22) and who suddenly lost visual acuity ~1 year after receipt of allo-HSCT. Given the observation of negative cerebrospinal fluid findings, cyclosporine-related encephalopathy, intracranial hemorrhage, CNS infection, leukemia recurrence, and tumors were excluded. He was diagnosed with both CNS and pulmonary GVHD. After steroid treatment, the lesions gradually reduced in images acquired via cranial and pulmonary computed tomography.

Conclusions:
CNS-GVHD is a rare, serious complication of allo-HSCT that is difficult to diagnose. Biopsy and autopsy may identify the CNS as the target of GVHD in some patients. Treatment is mainly based on the use of immunosuppressive drugs, including high doses of steroids. Early diagnosis and treatment can improve disease outcome.
Venetoclax and Decitabine in Pediatric Refractory T-cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
Authors: Baig Muhammad U. , Rytting Michael , Roth Michael , Morani Ajaykumar C. , Nunez Cesar , Lin Pei , Cuglievan Branko 
Published: January 2021

Background:
Overall survival of adolescents with relapsed T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LL) remains poor with limited options for salvage therapy. The BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax combined with hypomethylating agents like decitabine, has shown favorable responses in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Observation:
We present the case of a 19-year-old adolescent with stage III relapsed and refractory T-LL who did not respond to 3 lines of salvage therapy. The patient was treated with venetoclax and decitabine and achieved a dramatic response.

Conclusion:
This case highlights the potential clinical activity of venetoclax and decitabine in relapsed T-LL.
Homicide by Unspecified Means
Authors: Krywanczyk Alison , Gilson Thomas 
Published: January 2021

Abstract
The diagnosis homicide by unspecified means (HUM) is used to categorize deaths occurring under suspicious or criminal circumstances, but a specific cause of death cannot be identified. In 2010, Matshes and Lew (Am J Forensic Med Pathol. 2010;31(2):174–177) presented a HUM cases series, from which they derived 5 diagnostic criteria; however, the accuracy of these criteria has not been assessed.
To identify a validation cohort, Cuyahoga County Medical Examiner's Office records were searched from 2008 to 2019 for cases certified as HUM. Thirteen cases were identified; on review, all cases fulfilled criteria 1, 4, and 5. Only 1 case had a potential anatomic cause of death identified (criterion 2).
However, in 3 cases, toxicologic analyses could not be conducted because of skeletonization; in 2 cases, the decedents tested positive for cocaine/benzoylecgonine but were found in proximity to other victims for whom a specific violent cause of death was determined. By strict reading of criterion 3, these cases would have been excluded from the diagnosis of HUM. Perpetrators confessed to homicide in 7 cases, including the 5 cases that failed the toxicologic criterion. The 2010 diagnostic criteria are a reasonable foundation for the determination of HUM; modification of criterion 3 would provide improved flexibility based on clinical judgment.