bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radio Polarization from Runaway Star Bowshocks. I. The General Case
Authors: del Valle M. V. , Santos-Lima R. , Pohl M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
High velocity stars move through the interstellar medium with V > 30 km s−1. When the star has powerful winds, under the appropriate conditions, the interaction of the wind with the interstellar material produces a system of shocks. The outer shock, called the bowshock, perturbs the ambient medium, heating and compressing the gas. The dust in the compressed bowshock cools, producing infrared radiation. This emission appears as extended coma-shape structures. The discovery of radio nonthermal emission from two stellar bowshock nebulae indicates that these sources might be accelerating electrons up to relativistic energies. The produced nonthermal radio emission is most probably synchrotron, which has a high degree of polarization. In this work we model the synchrotron emission of runaway massive star bowshocks aiming to produce synthetic radio emission and polarization maps for two frequencies: 1.40 and 4.86 GHz. We model the interacting plasmas in a steady-state regime by means of magnetohydrodynamics simulations and we compute the injection and transport of the relativistic electrons in the diffusion approximation. We include in the model the most important depolarization effects. Our main conclusions are (i) the effects of Faraday rotation within the source are important at the lowest frequency considered, (ii) inferring the local magnetic field direction from polarization measurements only can be misleading, (iii) thermal radio emission produced by ionized plasma within the bowshock structure and surroundings can surpass the polarized one for the considered frequencies, and (iv) the contribution from the background electrons is minor.
Study of Hybrid Stars with Nonstrange Quark Matter Cores
Authors: Li Cheng-Ming , Zheng He-Rui , Zuo Shu-Yu , Zhao Ya-Peng , Wang Fei , Huang Yong-Feng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, under the hypothesis that quark matter may not be strange, we adopt a modification of the coupling constant of the four-quark scalar interaction

G
→

G

1

+

G

2

〈

ψ

¯

ψ
〉

in the two-flavor Nambu–Jona–Lasinio (NJL) model to study nonstrange hybrid stars, where G
1 and G
2 are two parameters constrained by using the lattice quantum chromodynamics simulation results at the critical temperature and zero chemical potential. The Maxwell construction is used to describe the first-order confinement–deconfinement phase transition in hybrid stars. With recent measurements on neutron star mass, radius, and tidal deformability, the hybrid equations of state are constrained. It is found that pure nonstrange quark matter cores can exist in hybrid stars, possessing 0.026–0.04 M
⊙. The maximum hybrid star mass in the framework of the modified NJL model is about 0.1 M
⊙ lighter than that in the conventional two-flavor NJL model. It is argued that the binary neutron stars in GW170817 should be hadron stars.
Improving the Temporal Resolution of SOHO/MDI Magnetograms of Solar Active Regions Using a Deep Generative Model
Authors: Li Jialiang , Yurchyshyn Vasyl , Wang Jason T. L. , Wang Haimin , Abduallah Yasser , Alobaid Khalid A. , Xu Chunhui , Chen Ruizhu , Xu Yan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a novel deep generative model, named GenMDI, to improve the temporal resolution of line-of-sight (LOS) magnetograms of solar active regions (ARs) collected by the Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. Unlike previous studies that focus primarily on spatial super-resolution of MDI magnetograms, our approach can perform temporal super-resolution, which generates and inserts synthetic data between observed MDI magnetograms, thus providing finer temporal structure and enhanced details in the LOS data. The GenMDI model employs a conditional diffusion process, which synthesizes images by considering both preceding and subsequent magnetograms, ensuring that the generated images are not only of high quality but also temporally coherent with the surrounding data. Experimental results show that the GenMDI model performs better than the traditional linear interpolation method, especially in ARs with dynamic evolution in magnetic fields.
Galaxy Morphological Classification with Zernike Moments and Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Ghaderi Hamed , Alipour Nasibe , Safari Hossein 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Classifying galaxies is an essential step for studying their structures and dynamics. Using GalaxyZoo2 (GZ2) fractions thresholds, we collect 545 and 11,735 samples in nongalaxy and galaxy classes, respectively. We compute the Zernike moments (ZMs) for GZ2 images, extracting unique and independent characteristics of galaxies. The uniqueness due to the orthogonality and completeness of Zernike polynomials, reconstruction of the original images with minimum errors, invariances (rotation, translation, and scaling), different block structures, and discriminant decision boundaries of ZMs’ probability density functions for different order numbers indicate the capability of ZMs in describing galaxy features. We classify the GZ2 samples, first into the galaxies and nongalaxies and second, galaxies into spiral, elliptical, and odd objects (e.g., ring, lens, disturbed, irregular, merger, and dust lane). The two models include the support vector machine (SVM) and 1D convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), which use ZMs, compared with the other three classification models of 2D-CNN, ResNet50, and VGG16 that apply the features from original images. We find the true skill statistic (TSS) greater than 0.86 for the SVM and 1D-CNN with ZMs for the oversampled galaxy–nongalaxy classifier. The SVM with ZMs model has a high-performance classification for galaxy and nongalaxy data sets. We show that the SVM with ZMs, 1D-CNN with ZMs, and VGG16 with vision transformer are high-performance (accuracy larger than 0.90 and TSS greater than 0.86) models for classifying the galaxies into spiral, elliptical, and odd objects. We conclude that these machine learning algorithms are helpful tools for classifying galaxy images. The Python notebooks are available on GitHub at https://github.com/hmddev1/machine_learning_for_morphological_galaxy_classification.
The MUSE Ultra Deep Field: A 5 Mpc Stretch of the z ≈ 4 Cosmic Web Revealed in Emission
Authors: Tornotti Davide , Fumagalli Michele , Fossati Matteo , Arrigoni Battaia Fabrizio , Benitez-Llambay Alejandro , Dayal Pratika , Dutta Rajeshwari , Peroux Celine , Rafelski Marc , Revalski Mitchell 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We detect Lyα emission from a ≈5 Mpc-long (comoving) portion of the cosmic web hosting an overdensity (δ ≈ 25) of 19 Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z ≈ 4 within the MUSE Ultra Deep Field (MUDF), reaching an average surface brightness (SB) of 5 × 10−20 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2. This large-scale structure has an average SB similar to the filament across the two MUDF quasars at z ≈ 3.22. However, deep multiwavelength data do not show a clear presence of active galactic nuclei, suggesting that the emission is mainly regulated by the underlying gas density. We find ≈0.2 dex higher star formation compared to control samples and a remarkable predominance (5/7) of blue-peaked emission lines in the spectra of the embedded LAEs, indicative of favorable conditions for gas accretion. Lastly, we quantify the contribution of intragalactic gas to the Lyα SB profile at large distances from LAEs. By studying samples of filaments detected in emission within diverse environments, we are finally gaining new insight into the physics of gas accretion within the cosmic web.
Lunar Ionosphere in the Geotail Region as Observed by Chandrayaan-2 Orbiter Using Two-way Radio Occultation Measurements
Authors: Tripathi Keshav R. , Choudhary R. K. , Ambili K. M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The study presents the first electron density profile of the Lunar ionosphere when the Moon is inside the geomagnetic tail region. This observation used S-band telemetry and telecommand radio signals in a two-way radio occultation experiment from Chandrayaan-2 (CH-2) orbiting the Moon. The radio signals were tracked using an 18 m diameter antenna at the Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN). The IDSN served as an active source for generating and receiving the radio signal, while the onboard oscillator on CH-2 was used as a passive receiver and transmitter. The transmitted radio signal passed twice through the lunar plasma medium before reaching the receiver end. The study found a high electron density of approximately ∼2.5 × 104 per cm−3 close to the surface of the Moon. Three-dimensional lunar ionospheric model simulations show that to achieve such high plasma density, the plasma should be in photochemical equilibrium, which is possible inside the geomagnetic tail only in the presence of lunar crustal magnetic fields. The model also introduced a localized reduction in Ar and Ne neutral density to align with previous observations near the lunar pole.
Trachyphloeosoma rutiani sp. nov., a new species from Guangdong, China (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)
Authors: Zhu Jiang , Wang Cheng-Bin , Zhen Ye 
Published: February 2025

From August to September 2024, we led a team of Guangzhou No.5 Binjiang Junior High School students to study the community structure of leaf litter beetles in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, southern China, to prepare for the Youth Innovation Competition hosted by the Guangzhou Education Bureau. In the study, 479 specimens were collected in total, identified as 73 species in 14 families. Amongst all the specimens, some are considered new species, one of which is described here.
The genus Trachyphloeosoma Wollaston, 1869 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Trachyphloeini) includes six known species occurring in China and the genus is recorded in Guangdong Province for the first time.
A new weevil, Trachyphloeosoma rutiani sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae), is described from Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China. Important morphological characters of the new species are illustrated by colour plates.
Mobile Graphic Device Vision Screening for Unilateral Amblyopia in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Gold Avery S. , Weitzman Sarah A. , Hans Mark , Medow Norman , Moon Jee Young , Kane Steven A. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
To determine whether inter-ocular brightness disparity during a self-directed video game on a mobile graphic device can effectively detect unilateral amblyopia.

Methods
Forty-nine children of ages 3 to 17 years participated in this prospective, non-interventional study. A series of sample image pairs were presented on an iPad (Apple, Inc) to illustrate the concept of relative brightness. Participants subsequently wore spectacles with orthogonally polarized lenses to dissociate image pairs between eyes. The video game employed a forced-choice algorithm that varied relative brightness disparity between image pairs in a stepwise manner. Participants chose the brighter of each pair of images until the end point of equal brightness was detected. The game was repeated to assess consistency. Eye examination records with acuities measured in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution units were subsequently reviewed to compare with the video game results.

Results
The study had a mean game time of 108 seconds. Inter-ocular brightness disparity greater than 0.3 log units indicated a relative afferent brightness sense defect. The video game detected unilateral amblyopia with 88% sensitivity and 95% specificity. The positive predictive value was 78% and the negative predictive value was 98%.

Conclusions
This iPad video game can be played by children at least as young as 3 years of age. Inter-ocular brightness disparity is a sensitive and specific sign of unilateral amblyopia in a general pediatric population. The non-threatening nature and engaging format of this video game make it a promising and accessible method for early amblyopia screening.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 20XX;X(X):XXX–XXX.]
Accuracy and Readability of ChatGPT Responses to Patient-Centric Strabismus Questions
Authors: Gary Ashlyn A. , Lai James M. , Locatelli Elyana V.T. , Falcone Michelle M. , Cavuoto Kara M. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
To assess the medical accuracy and readability of responses provided by ChatGPT (OpenAI), the most widely used artificial intelligence–powered chat-bot, regarding questions about strabismus.

Methods
Thirty-four questions were input into ChatGPT 3.5 (free version) and 4.0 (paid version) at three time intervals (day 0, 1 week, and 1 month) in two distinct geographic locations (California and Florida) in March 2024. Two pediatric ophthalmologists rated responses as “acceptable,” “accurate but missing key information or minor inaccuracies,” or “inaccurate and potentially harmful.” The online tool, Readable, measured the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and Flesch Reading Ease Score to assess readability.

Results

Overall, 64% of responses by ChatGPT were “acceptable;” but the proportion of “acceptable” responses differed by version (47% for ChatGPT 3.5 vs 53% for 4.0,
P
< .05) and state (77% of California vs 51% of Florida,
P
< .001). Responses in Florida were more likely to be “inaccurate and potentially harmful” compared to those in California (6.9% vs. 1.5%,
P
< .001). Over 1 month, the overall percentage of “acceptable” responses increased (60% at day 0, 64% at 1 week, and 67% at 1 month,
P
> .05), whereas “inaccurate and potentially harmful” responses decreased (5% at day 0, 5% at 1 week, and 3% at 1 month,
P
> .05). On average, responses scored a Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level score of 15, equating to a higher than high school grade reading level.

Conclusions
Although most of ChatGPT's responses to strabismus questions were clinically acceptable, there were variations in responses across time and geographic regions. The average reading level exceeded a high school level and demonstrated low readability. Although ChatGPT demonstrates potential as a supplementary resource for parents and patients with strabismus, improving the accuracy and readability of free versions of ChatGPT may increase its utility.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 20XX;X(X):XXX–XXX.]
The Short-term Effect of Atropine 0.1% on the Axial Length and Choroid of Children Treated for Myopia Progression Prevention, Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Koulalis Jannis A. , Nelis Pieter , Cools Wilfried , Tezcan Fatma , Kuijpers Robert W. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
To investigate the short-term effect of atropine to better understand its mechanism of action in myopia prevention. The current study investigates whether atropine's effect on the axial length arises from an increase in choroidal thickness using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Methods
Twenty-five myopic children (25 eyes) (9 boys and 16 girls; mean age: 11.8 years, range: 7 to 15 years) were enrolled following documented myopia progression and axial length increase in the preceding 6 months. Using swept-source OCTA, choroidal thickness and choroidal stromal volume (CSV) were measured at baseline and after 1 month of daily atropine 0.1% use. Axial length measurements were taken on the same days.

Results

Following 1 month of daily atropine 0.1% instillation, choroidal thickness increased from 284.24 ± 65.05 to 308.04 ± 70.65 µm (Δ 22.41 ± 4.20 µm,
P
< .01), CSV increased from 11.88 ± 5.20 to 12.96 ± 5.86 mm
3
(Δ 1.08 ± 1.02 mm
3
,
P
< .01), and axial length decreased from 25.37 ± 1.21 to 25.33 ± 1.21 mm (Δ 0.044 ± 0.016 mm,
P
< .05). The CSV and choroidal thickness increase show a negative correlation with the axial length decrease of −0.462 and −0.374, respectively, demonstrating a weak to moderate correlation.

Conclusions
One month of daily atropine 0.1% eye drop administration results in an acute decrease in axial length concurrent with an increase in choroidal thickness and CSV. A direct cause-and-effect relationship between these two parameters is plausible.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 20XX;X(X):XXXXXX.]
Botulinum Toxin Injection With Reduced Volume in the Absence of Electromyographic Assistance for Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia of 25 Prism Diopters or Less
Authors: Zheng Jianming , Ma Bingbin , Wang Ying , Shen Tao , Yu Xinping , Chen Jingchang 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) injection with reduced volume without electromyographic guidance for the treatment of acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE) of 25 prism diopters (PD) or less.

Methods
The authors reviewed the medical records of 60 patients with AACE of 25 PD or less, including 40 patients treated with BTXA injections (BTXA group) and 20 patients treated with Fresnel prism (Fresnel prism group). Patients in the BTXA group were injected with 5 to 6.25 U of BTXA in 0.04 mL of saline into bilateral medial rectus muscles in the absence of electromyography. Patients in the Fresnel prism group wore Fresnel prisms at a minimum amount that could eliminate diplopia. Success was defined with deviations of 10 PD or less at both distance and near fixations and with resolution of diplopia.

Results

In the BTXA group, the success rate of the first injection was 100% after 1 week, but decreased to 57.5% (23/40) after 6 months; the cumulative success rate of two injections was 77.5% (31/40) after 6 months; and one eye (0.93%, 1/108) had complicated mild ptosis. In the Fresnel prism group, the success rate was 5% (1/20) after 6 months of treatment. The difference in cumulative success rate between the two groups was significant (chi-square = 28.158,
P
< .01).

Conclusions
BTXA injection with reduced volume in the absence of electromyography is a simple, effective, and safe modality for patients with AACE who have a small to moderate deviation.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 20XX;X(X):XXX–XXX.]
Clinical outcomes of dental implants placed in the augmented maxillary sinus: A 5-year retrospective study
Authors: Naseri Roohollah , Ghadirian Amin , Shirani Mohammadjavad 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:
Factors influencing the success of an implant placed in augmented maxillary sinus need to be recognized. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various oral health conditions and treatment plan details on the clinical and radiographical outcomes of implants placed in the augmented sinus.

Materials and Methods:
In this clinical retrospective study, 39 participants (81 implants) that received dental implants after sinus lifting between January 2005 and July 2016 were evaluated. All the participants were examined by an operator clinically and radiographically in a blinded manner. A checklist including oral health and host condition, implant and prosthesis characteristics, and surgical approach variables was completed for each participant. The effect of these variables on probing depth (PD), marginal bone loss, bone formation in sinus, and patient satisfaction was analyzed using analysis of covariance models. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Survival rates after surgery and restoration placement were 93% and 100%, respectively. PD was found to be significantly higher in restorations with infragingival finish lines over 1.5 mm and in implants with score “2” for gingival index. Moreover, more bone formation was observed in implants with score “0” compared with score “2” for gingival index. In addition, the participants with plaque score “0” reported significantly more satisfaction than the participants with score “2” for plaque index.

Conclusion:
Inflamed gingiva was associated with more PD and less peri-implant bone formation in maxillary sinus. In addition, more patient satisfaction was reported by participants that had better plaque control.
Current trends in pediatric cardiac surgery and their impact on intensive care
Authors: Das Debasis , Das Shubhadeep 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Recent advancements in pediatric cardiac surgery have significantly influenced the management of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients in intensive care units (ICUs). These developments include earlier surgical interventions, increasing complexity of procedures, and the rising prevalence of surgeries in neonates, premature infants, and low-birth-weight babies. Complex repairs, nonsternotomy approaches, such as minimally invasive surgeries and heart failure management with mechanical circulatory support, present unique challenges in postoperative care, including respiratory support, infection prevention, and management of low-cardiac output state (LCOS) and multiorgan dysfunction. In resource-limited settings, delayed presentations and fiscal constraints further complicate ICU management. Innovations such as protocol-based treatment, integration of artificial intelligence, and multidisciplinary collaboration are revolutionizing care strategies. This narrative review highlights the trends in pediatric cardiac surgery, their direct impact on ICU practices, and future directions aimed at improving survival rates, reducing complications, and enhancing the quality of care for CHD patients.
Barriers to family education, a potential room for improvement of readmission in pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Mohamed Nasser Ezzat , Hammoud Ehab , AbdelMassih Antoine Fakhry 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
It is increasingly evident that family education is an important determinant of healthcare quality in pediatric practice. Re-admission, whether to the hospital or intensive care, is a topic that has not been extensively researched and is significantly connected to the education of families. Obstacles to family education, particularly in intensive care settings, include the brief duration of patient stays and the intricate nature of their conditions. Family education in ward patients, is easier, as physicians are available daily, and there is no duplicity in the speech given to parents, it is worth mentioning that the complexity of patients, admitted solely to the ward is relatively milder than intensive care patients. In contrast, intensive care patients have relatively higher complexity and a shorter stay, and the availability of a single physician for counseling is not ensured. Overcoming these barriers with tailored programs and ready-made materials can improve overall readmissions and reduce the costs of the respective healthcare facility.