bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Archaeal overdominance close to life‐limiting conditions in geothermally influenced hypersaline lakes at the Danakil Depression, Ethiopia
Authors: Belilla Jodie , Iniesto Miguel , Moreira David , Benzerara Karim , López‐García José María , López‐Archilla Ana I. , Reboul Guillaume , Deschamps Philippe , Gérard Emmanuelle , López‐García Purificación 
Published: September 2021

SummaryThe Dallol protovolcanic area on the Danakil Depression (Afar region, Ethiopia) exhibits unique hydrothermal manifestations in hypersaline context, yielding varied polyextreme physicochemical conditions. Previous studies identified a wide archaeal diversity in less extreme brines but failed to identify microorganisms thriving in either high‐chaotropicity, low‐water‐activity brines or hyperacidic‐hypersaline Na‐Fe‐rich brines. Recently, we accessed several small lakes under intense degassing activity adjacent to the Round Mountain, west to the Dallol dome [Western Canyon Lakes (WCL); WCL1‐5]. They exhibited intermediate parameter combinations (pH ~ 5, 34%–41% (weight/volume) NaCl‐dominated salts with relatively high levels of chaotropic Mg‐Ca salts) that should allow to better constrain life limits. These lakes were overwhelmingly dominated by Archaea, encompassing up to 99% of prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences in metabarcoding studies. The majority belonged to Halobacteriota and Nanohaloarchaeota, the latter representing up to half of prokaryotic sequences. Optical and epifluorescence microscopy showed active cells in natural samples and diverse morphotypes in enrichment cultures. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy revealed tiny cells (200–300 nm diameter) epibiotically associated with somewhat larger cells (0.6–1 μm) but also the presence of silica‐dominated precipitates of similar size and shape, highlighting the difficulty of distinguishing microbes from mineral biomorphs in this kind of low‐biomass systems.
Walking, and Knowing the Past: Antiquaries, Pedestrianism and Historical Practice in Modern Britain
Authors: READMAN PAUL 
Published: September 2021

AbstractHow do those who write history know the past? This article addresses this question by examining the work of late eighteenth‐ and nineteenth‐century antiquaries, whose historical practice was closely tied to their embodied experience of the places about which they wrote. On‐foot out‐of‐doors observation provided them with evidence as important as that which might be derived from written sources, while also acting to stimulate their historical imaginations. This was the method of the Rev. Richard Warner, who made a 469‐mile ‘pedestrian tour’ of Wales in August 1797, and for whom walking (often more than 20 miles a day) was an essential element of his approach to understanding the past. Similarly, William Hutton’s History of the Roman Wall (1802) was not based on consultation of the accounts of others, or even on separate in‐person site visits, but on a single journey, on foot, along the course of the fortification. As argued here, these and other pedestrianised forms of historical knowing had a lasting influence on the writing of history in Britain.
Pregnancy outcomes in women with Budd–Chiari syndrome or portal vein thrombosis – a multicentre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Wiegers HMG , Hamulyák EN , Damhuis SE , van Duuren JR , Darwish Murad S , Scheres LJJ , Gordijn SJ , Leentjens J , Duvekot JJ , Lauw MN , Hutten BA , Middeldorp S , Ganzevoort W 
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveTo evaluate current practice and outcomes of pregnancy in women previously diagnosed with Budd–Chiari syndrome and/or portal vein thrombosis, with and without concomitant portal hypertension.Design and settingMulticentre retrospective cohort study between 2008 and 2021.PopulationWomen who conceived in the predefined period after the diagnosis of Budd–Chiari syndrome and/or portal vein thrombosis.Methods and main outcome measuresWe collected data on diagnosis and clinical features. The primary outcomes were maternal mortality and live birth rate. Secondary outcomes included maternal, neonatal and obstetric complications.ResultsForty‐five women (12 Budd–Chiari syndrome, 33 portal vein thrombosis; 76 pregnancies) were included. Underlying prothrombotic disorders were present in 23 of the 45 women (51%). Thirty‐eight women (84%) received low‐molecular‐weight heparin during pregnancy. Of 45 first pregnancies, 11 (24%) ended in pregnancy loss and 34 (76%) resulted in live birth of which 27 were at term (79% of live births and 60% of pregnancies). No maternal deaths were observed; one woman developed pulmonary embolism during pregnancy and two women (4%) had variceal bleeding requiring intervention.ConclusionsThe high number of term live births (79%) and lower than expected risk of pregnancy‐related maternal and neonatal morbidity in our cohort suggest that Budd–Chiari syndrome and/or portal vein thrombosis should not be considered as an absolute contraindication for pregnancy. Individualised, nuanced counselling and a multidisciplinary pregnancy surveillance approach are essential in this patient population.Tweetable abstractBudd–Chiari syndrome and/or portal vein thrombosis should not be considered as an absolute contraindication for pregnancy.
Competitive Externalities of Tax Cuts
Authors: DONOHOE MICHAEL P. , JANG HANSOL , LISOWSKY PETRO 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTWe examine how tax cuts that benefit some firms are related to the economic performance of their direct competitors. Consistent with tax cuts decreasing the cost of initiating competitive strategies, we find that a decrease in the tax burden for only a specific group of firms in the U.S. economy (i.e., “rivals”) has a negative economic effect on the performance of its direct competitors not directly exposed to the same tax cut (i.e., “competitors”). This negative externality is stronger when the relatively higher taxed competitors (1) are financially constrained, (2) operate in more competitive markets, (3) have similar products to their lower taxed rivals, (4) face rivals that retain more of their cash tax savings due to lower dividends and share repurchases, and (5) face lower taxed, but financially constrained, rivals. We also find that shareholders and lenders price the negative externality manifested in these competitors’ economic performance.
How Do Firms Respond to Corporate Taxes?
Authors: COLES JEFFREY L. , PATEL ELENA , SEEGERT NATHAN , SMITH MATTHEW 
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACTUsing a novel empirical approach and newly available administrative data on U.S. tax filings, we estimate the corporate elasticity of taxable income, decompose the elasticity into economic responses versus other tax‐motivated “accounting” transactions, and determine how responsiveness varies depending on accounting method, firm size, and interest rate. In response to a 10% increase in the expected marginal tax rate, private U.S. firms decrease taxable income by 9.1%, which indicates a discernibly more elastic response than prevailing estimates. This response reflects a decrease in taxable income of 3.0% arising from real economic responses to a firm's scale of operations and 6.1% arising from accounting transactions via (for example) revenue and expense timing. Responsiveness to the corporate tax rate is more elastic if a firm uses cash (9.9%) rather than accrual accounting (7.4%), if the firm is small (9.9%) rather than large (8.6%), and if the firm discounts future cash flows at a lower rate.
Desalination of duck egg white by biocoagulation to obtain peptide‐ferrous chelate as iron delivery system: Preparation, characterization, and Fe2+ release evaluation in vitro
Authors: Shi Qiang , Wei Meijuan , Chen Hongbing , Gao Jinyan , Tong Ping 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe annual output of salted duck egg white (SDEW) is estimated to be over 1.5 million tons in China, most of which is discarded due to high salt content. This has led to serious waste and environmental impact. Therefore, we developed an eco‐friendly biocoagulation separation technology by combining chitosan and sodium alginate in order to produce a novel iron‐binding peptide (DPs‐Fe2+) from SDEW. The structure of DPs‐Fe2+ was characterized by ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, followed by measuring DPs‐Fe2+ response in a simulated digestion/Caco‐2 cell model. Results showed that chitosan and sodium alginate complex could remove 91.21% of salt from SDEW, and the protein recovery rate reached 95.50%. Characterization results indicated that DPs bonded with Fe2+ to form a soluble chelate. Moreover, Caco‐2 cell monolayer model indicated that the transport rate of Fe2+ was as high as 10.02% at 0.1 mg/ml concentration of digested chelates. The results demonstrate the potential application of DPs as a novel carrier for enhancing iron absorption. This research contributes to the development of an effective industrial desalination method and highlights an opportunity for recycling an otherwise discarded processing byproduct.Practical ApplicationSalted duck egg whites (SDEW) are the primary byproduct of salted egg yolk production, most of which is discarded due to high salt content. Hence, efficient utilization of the high‐value proteins in SDEW is an urgent problem that must be resolved. Herein, we developed an effective industrial desalination method by combining chitosan and sodium alginate, which achieved excellent SDEW desalination and protein recovery. Furthermore, we produced a novel iron‐binding peptide (DPs‐Fe2+), which enhanced the transportation and absorption of Fe2+ in Caco‐2 cell model, suggesting its potential as an iron supplement.
Evidence for marked underutilization of insurance billing in malignant pleural mesothelioma in Finland
Authors: Torkki Paulus , Paajanen Juuso , Kytö Ville , Laaksonen Sanna , Räsänen Jari , Myllärniemi Marjukka , Ilonen Ilkka 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundSubstantial variation in health care costs for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) has previously been identified.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed the changes in health care costs in MPM in Finland during 2002–2012. Finland has low‐threshold public health care and a mandatory Workers' Compensation scheme that covers all occupational‐related disease expenses. The costs include treatment costs for inpatients, hospice care, medication costs, rehabilitation costs, and travel costs. All costs are expressed in 2012 prices, adjusted using the consumer price index.ResultsA total of 907 MPM patients were included in the study. Mean duration of inpatient episodes increased 7% per year from 2002 to 2012, correlating with total costs (R2 = 0.861, p < 0.05). The annual total costs for treatment increased from 1.7 to 4.3 m€ during the study period and the cost per patient from 27 000 to 43 000 €. The overall costs increased progressively by the number of procedures performed. In patients who had been compensated for occupational cause by Workers' Compensation Center, only 36% of the overall care costs were billed from the insurance company. Billing of inpatient costs was 86% in these patients.ConclusionDuring the study period, we found that the costs of MPM increased more than the average health care costs. This may be because of advanced diagnostic workup or more costly treatment (e.g., pemetrexed). Moreover, only one‐third of all health care costs are charged to Workers' Compensation Insurance.
S3QELs protect against diet‐induced intestinal barrier dysfunction
Authors: Watson Mark A. , Pattavina Blaine , Hilsabeck Tyler A. U. , Lopez‐Dominguez Jose , Kapahi Pankaj , Brand Martin D. 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe underlying causes of aging remain elusive, but may include decreased intestinal homeostasis followed by disruption of the intestinal barrier, which can be mimicked by nutrient‐rich diets. S3QELs are small‐molecule suppressors of site IIIQo electron leak; they suppress superoxide generation at complex III of the mitochondrial electron transport chain without inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Here we show that feeding different S3QELs to Drosophila on a high‐nutrient diet protects against greater intestinal permeability, greater enterocyte apoptotic cell number, and shorter median lifespan. Hif‐1α knockdown in enterocytes also protects, and blunts any further protection by S3QELs. Feeding S3QELs to mice on a high‐fat diet also protects against the diet‐induced increase in intestinal permeability. Our results demonstrate by inference of S3QEL use that superoxide produced by complex III in enterocytes contributes to diet‐induced intestinal barrier disruption in both flies and mice.
Baseline severity and the prediction of placebo response in clinical trials for alcohol dependence: A meta‐regression analysis to develop an enrichment strategy
Authors: Scherrer Bruno , Guiraud Julien , Addolorato Giovanni , Aubin Henri‐Jean , de Bejczy Andrea , Benyamina Amine , van den Brink Wim , Caputo Fabio , Dematteis Maurice , Goudriaan Anna E. , Gual Antoni , Kiefer Falk , Leggio Lorenzo , Lesch Otto‐Michael , Maremmani Icro , Nutt David J. , Paille François , Perney Pascal , Poulnais Roch , Raffaillac Quentin , Rehm Jürgen , Rolland Benjamin , Simon Nicolas , Söderpalm Bo , Sommer Wolfgang H. , Walter Henriette , Spanagel Rainer 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundThere is considerable unexplained variability in alcohol abstinence rates (AR) in the placebo groups of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for alcohol dependence (AD). This is of particular interest because placebo responses correlate negatively with treatment effect size. Recent evidence suggests that the placebo response is lower in very heavy drinkers who show no “spontaneous improvement” prior to treatment initiation (high‐severity population) than in a mild‐severity population and in studies with longer treatment duration. We systematically investigated the relationship between population severity, treatment duration, and the placebo response in AR to inform a strategy aimed at reducing the placebo response and thereby increasing assay sensitivity in RCTs for AD.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review on placebo‐controlled RCTs for AD.We assigned retained RCTs to high‐ or mild‐severity groups of studies based on baseline drinking risk levels and abstinence duration before treatment initiation. We tested the effects of population severity and treatment duration on the placebo response in AR using meta‐regression analysis.ResultsAmong the 19 retained RCTs (comprising 1996 placebo‐treated patients), 11 trials were high‐severity and 8 were mild‐severity RCTs. The between‐study variability in AR was lower in the high‐severity than in the mild‐severity studies (interquartile range: 7.4% vs. 20.9%). The AR in placebo groups was dependent on population severity (p = 0.004) and treatment duration (p = 0.017) and was lower in the high‐severity studies (16.8% at 3 months) than the mild‐severity studies (36.7% at 3 months).ConclusionsPharmacological RCTs for AD should select high‐severity patients to decrease the magnitude and variability in the placebo effect and and improve the efficiency of drug development efforts for AD.
‘Immunisation, I haven't had a problem, but once again the transport, making an appointment, the time that you waste and all of those things are an issue’—Understanding childhood under‐immunisation in Mid North Coast New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Bolsewicz Katarzyna , Thomas Jackie , Corben Paul , Thomas Susan , Tudball Jacqueline , Fernando Melanie 
Published: September 2021

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to understand the reasons for childhood under‐immunisation in Kempsey, New South Wales, among First Nations and non‐First Nations families, and potential strategies to improve coverage.DesignThe World Health Organization's Tailoring Immunization Programmes guide was employed. Tailoring Immunization Programmes uses social science, qualitative research methods and community participation and is underpinned by the Capabilities Opportunities Motivations‐Behaviors (COM‐B) theoretical model of behaviour change. A cultural lens was applied throughout the study design. Using a thematic analysis, factors found to influence childhood under‐immunisation were loosely mapped against COM‐B framework.SettingFace‐to‐face interviews and focus groups conducted in locations and at times convenient to participants were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim.ParticipantsFifty‐six participants (25 First Nations and 13 non‐First Nations mothers and grandmothers, and 18 health service providers) took part in the study (July‐October 2019).ResultsFour themes were identified: (a) parents are supportive of immunisation and effective reminders would make it easier to prioritise it (b) services could be more accessible for families (c) addressing workforce shortages could improve access to immunisation services and (d) addressing entrenched racism in the community will help build cultural safety in health services. While parents in Kempsey were supportive of immunisation, resourceful and resilient, many struggled to overcome entrenched structural and cultural barriers to accessing services. This was particularly difficult for First Nations, socially disadvantaged and single mums.ConclusionsPublic health services can provide more support to those mothers and grandmothers who need it most, to ensure they are able to access immunisation services without delay.
Mothering and the Racialised Production of School and Property Value in New York City
Authors: Kromidas Maria 
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis article explores middle‐class mothers’ labours associated with relocating for a “good school” in NYC as they navigated the material and ideological structures of scarcity related to its highly unequal school system. Based on ethnographic research with a diverse group of women in a middle‐class area, I document the multiple ongoing labours associated with this “choice”, and trace how the neoliberal education complex (that includes testing and real estate industries, and school rating websites) compels women to perform them. Through the lenses of Marxist feminism and racial capitalism, I demonstrate how these labours produce school and property value that reinscribe race onto space. While middle‐class women are disciplined and their labours coerced, their labours are routed to dispossess working‐class communities of colour, and reproduce the racial hierarchy of human‐ness on which capital depends. This article underscores the role of gender and race‐making in middle‐class reproduction, and their linkage to elite accumulation and working‐class dispossession.
Veno‐arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation—A single center experience
Authors: Mihu Mircea R. , Mageka Dennis , Swant Laura V. , El Banayosy Ahmed , Maybauer Marc O. , Harper Michael D. , Koerner Michael M. , El Banayosy Aly 
Published: September 2021

AbstractBackgroundPatients with combined circulatory shock and respiratory failure may benefit from veno‐arteriovenous (V‐AV) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (ECMO). We report our center’s experience with V‐AV ECMO and propose an algorithm to help identify patients that may benefit from early V‐AV ECMO support.MethodsClinical data were extracted from electronic medical records between November 1, 2016 and November 1, 2019.ResultsOut of a total of 369 patients placed on extracorporeal life support (ECLS), we identified a total of 26 patients who underwent hybrid ECMO placement. Three patients were excluded from our analysis due to veno‐venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V‐VA ECMO) configuration, therefore 23 patients were included in our analysis. The median age was 53 (range 25–73) years. Hybrid ECMO support was instituted most commonly for differential hypoxemia in patients on venoarterial (V‐A) ECMO support, and cardiogenic shock in patients who were initially started on venovenous (V‐V) ECMO. The initial ECMO cannulation was V‐A in 12 patients, V‐V in 8 patients, and directly V‐AV in 3 patients. Nine out of 23 patients were successfully decannulated (39.1%) and survived until hospital discharge. The main ECMO‐related complications included bleeding (n = 10), circuit exchange either due to hemolysis or oxygenator failure (n = 4), ECMO cannula site infection (n = 2), deep venous thrombosis (n = 2), and death during ECMO cannula exchange (n = 1).ConclusionsV‐AV ECMO represents a rescue strategy in critically ill patients with combined respiratory failure and cardio‐circulatory shock.
Organisational interventions to improve employees' health and wellbeing: A realist synthesis
Authors: Roodbari Hamid , Axtell Carolyn , Nielsen Karina , Sorensen Glorian 
Published: September 2021

AbstractAlthough organisational interventions have shown promising results in improving employees' health and wellbeing, reviews of the effectiveness of such interventions conclude results are inconsistent. Realist synthesis is considered an appropriate method of literature review to improve the consistency of empirical evidence by developing generalisable statements of ‘what works for whom in which circumstances’. In this article, to identify and synthesise existing evidence from the empirical studies of organisational interventions, we conducted a realist synthesis according to the RAMESES publication standards. We reviewed 28 articles. Six realist programme theories were developed that explain how different mechanisms of organisational interventions may bring about different outcomes in different contexts. These realist programme theories are based on the process mechanisms of implementation adherence, communication, employees' participation, senior management support, middle management support and external consultants/researchers support. This realist synthesis enhances the understanding of how organisational interventions may improve employees' health and wellbeing, in which contexts, and for which group of employees. As such, it makes an important potential contribution to designing, implementing and evaluating future organisational interventions.