bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1—naturally competent for synthetic biology
Authors: Santala Suvi , Santala Ville 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 is a non-pathogenic soil bacterium known for its metabolic diversity and high natural transformation and recombination efficiency. For these features, A. baylyi ADP1 has been long exploited in studying bacterial genetics and metabolism. The large pool of information generated in the fundamental studies has facilitated the development of a broad range of sophisticated and robust tools for the genome and metabolic engineering of ADP1. This mini-review outlines and describes the recent advances in ADP1 engineering and tool development, exploited in, for example, pathway and enzyme evolution, genome reduction and stabilization, and for the production of native and non-native products in both pure and rationally designed multispecies cultures. The rapidly expanding toolbox together with the unique features of A. baylyi ADP1 provide a strong base for a microbial cell factory excelling in synthetic biology applications where evolution meets rational engineering.
Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 as a bacterial platform for electro-biotechnology
Authors: Ikeda Sota , Takamatsu Yuki , Tsuchiya Miyu , Suga Keigo , Tanaka Yugo , Kouzuma Atsushi , Watanabe Kazuya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
The genus Shewanella comprises over 70 species of heterotrophic bacteria with versatile respiratory capacities. Some of these bacteria are known to be pathogens of fishes and animals, while many are non-pathogens considered to play important roles in the global carbon cycle. A representative strain is Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 that has been intensively studied for its ability to respire diverse electron acceptors, such as oxygen, nitrate, sulfur compounds, metals, and organics. In addition, studies have been focused on its ability as an electrochemically active bacterium that is capable of discharging electrons to and receiving electrons from electrodes in bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) for balancing intracellular redox states. This ability is expected to be applied to electro-fermentation (EF) for producing value-added chemicals that conventional fermentation technologies are difficult to produce efficiently. Researchers are also attempting to utilize its electrochemical ability for controlling gene expression, for which electro-genetics (EG) has been coined. Here we review fundamental knowledge on this bacterium and discuss future directions of studies on its applications to electro-biotechnology (EB).
D‐BERT: Incorporating dependency‐based attention into BERT for relation extraction
Authors: Huang Yuan , Li Zhixing , Deng Wei , Wang Guoyin , Lin Zhimin 
Published: March 2021

AbstractRelation extraction between entity pairs is an increasingly critical area in natural language processing. Recently, the pre‐trained bidirectional encoder representation from transformer (BERT) performs excellently on the text classification or sequence labelling tasks. Here, the high‐level syntactic features that consider the dependency between each word and the target entities into the pre‐trained language models are incorporated. Our model also utilizes the intermediate layers of BERT to acquire different levels of semantic information and designs multi‐granularity features for final relation classification. Our model offers a momentous improvement over the published methods for the relation extraction on the widely used data sets.
Statistical analysis of the best relay location in a random two‐way relay network with multi‐slope path loss
Authors: Salimnejad Mehrdad , Rabiei Amir Masoud 
Published: March 2021

AbstractThis paper presents an exact statistical analysis for the best relay location in a random two‐way relay network whose channels are subject to multi‐slope path loss and Rayleigh fading. In this network, relays are distributed randomly as a two‐dimensional Poisson point process, and the best relay is selected according to a max–min criterion. The midpoint between the two sources is adopted as a reference point and the relays are indexed such that the closer to the reference point, the smaller is the index. An exact analytical expression is derived for the probability that the th nearest relay to the reference point is the best relay. Then, a detailed statistical analysis for the location of the best relay with respect to the reference point is presented. In each case, a low‐complexity approximation is also derived and its accuracy is verified by numerical simulation. The proposed analysis demonstrates the counter‐intuitive fact that the best relay in a random two‐way relay network is quite unlikely to be located on, or very close to the reference point. Numerical results also suggest that the proposed analysis can be used to restrict the search region for finding the best relay.
Looking around in the neighbourhood: Location estimation of outdoor urban images
Authors: Huang Jie , Huang Haozhi 
Published: March 2021

AbstractVisual geolocalisation has remained as a challenge in the research community: Given a query image, and a geo‐tagged reference database, the goal is to derive a location estimate for the query image. We propose an approach to tackling the geolocalisation problem in a four‐step manner. Essentially, our approach focuses on re‐ranking the candidate images after image retrieval, by considering the visual similarity of the candidate and its neighbouring images, to the query image. By introducing the neighbouring images, the visual information of a candidate location has been enriched. The evaluation has been conducted on three street view datasets, where our approach outperforms three baseline approaches, in terms of location estimation accuracy on two datasets. We provide discussions related to, firstly, whether using deep features for image retrieval helps improve location estimation accuracy, and the effectiveness of geographical neighbourhoods; secondly, using different deep architectures for feature extraction, and its impact on estimation accuracy; thirdly, investigating if our approach consistently outperforms the classic 1‐NN approach, on two datasets with significant difference in visual elements.
Transactive energy systems for distributed blackstart and service recovery
Authors: Bhattarai Bishnu , Chalishazar Vishvas , Hammerstrom Donald , Maharjan Manisha 
Published: March 2021

AbstractCurrent transactive controls use marginal benefits and marginal costs to achieve an economic market efficiency during normal grid operations. However, the transactive mechanisms designed for normal economic operations cannot be applied directly for the contingencies because the grid operations during contingencies are often dictated by technical needs rather than purely economic criteria. For instance, one of the key technical requirements for the blackstart is to have at least one blackstart capable resource cleared which cannot be ensured by the transactive mechanism designed for normal economic operations because they work primarily based on the marginal benefit and marginal cost of the participants. This article presents one of the first attempts to develop a transactive mechanism to be used during grid contingencies. A distributed blackstart and service recovery is used as an example contingency to evaluate the performance of the proposed transactive mechanism. The performance of the proposed transactive mechanism is demonstrated for various use cases using a modified IEEE‐123 node test system. The simulation results demonstrated the proof of concept of applying a transactive mechanism to enable distributed blackstart and service recovery by engaging the mix of blackstart capable and non‐capable distributed energy resources.
Esthetic Considerations in Orthodontics: An Overview
Authors: Singh Swati , Singla Litesh , Anand Tanya 
Published: March 2021

AbstractEsthetics has been an ever-evolving concept and has gained considerable importance in the field of orthodontics in the last few decades. The re-emergence of the soft tissue paradigm has further catapulted the interest of the orthodontist. So much so that achieving a harmonious profile and an esthetically pleasing smile has become the ideal goal of treatment and is no longer secondary to achieving a functional dental occlusion and/or a rigid adherence to skeletal and dental norms. Esthetics in the orthodontic sense can be divided into three categories: macroesthetics, miniesthetics, and microesthetics. Macroesthetics includes the evaluation of the face and involves frontal assessment and profile analysis. The frontal assessment involves assessment of facial proportions, while the profile analysis involves evaluation of anterior–posterior position of jaws, mandibular plane, and incisor prominence and lip posture. Miniesthetics involves study of the smile framework involving the vertical tooth–lip relationship, smile type, transverse dimensions of smile, smile arc, and midline. Microesthetics involves the assessment of tooth proportions, height-width relationships, connectors and embrasures, gingival contours and heights, and tooth shade and color. The harmony between these factors enables an orthodontist to achieve the idealized esthetic result and hence these parameters deserve due consideration. The importance placed on a pleasing profile cannot be undermined and the orthodontist should aim for a harmonious facial profile over rigid adherence to standard average cephalometric norms. This article aims to give an overview of the macro, mini, and microesthetic considerations in relation to orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.
Effects of carbohydrate and caffeine combination mouth rinse on anaerobic performance of highly trained male athletes
Authors: Karuk H. Nilay , Rudarli Nalcakan Gulbin , Pekünlü Ekim 
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACTThe ergogenic effects of carbohydrate (CHO) and caffeine (CAF) mouth rinse (MR) methods on anaerobic performance remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CHO, CAF, and CHO + CAF combination solutions in mouth on repeated vertical jumping (RVJ) performance in highly trained male athletes. Eight male athletes (mean age: 22 years) underwent test sessions four times with minimum 24‐h intervals under fasting conditions. Participants rinsed their mouths with four different 25‐ml solutions, namely, CHO (6.4% maltodextrin = 1.6 g), CAF (1.2% caffeine = 300 mg), placebo (PLA, saccharin), or CHO + CAF (6.4%+1.2%) combination, for 10 s and performed a 30‐s RVJ test twice with a 5‐min interval. Peak power output, vertical jump height, blood lactate level, fatigue index, and rate of perceived exertion of the RVJ tests for different intervention sessions were compared. The statistical significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Analyses demonstrated that CHO‐ (Δ: 3.4), CAF‐ (Δ: −0.8), and CHO + CAF‐MR (Δ: −1.8) interventions led to similar RVJ performance changes compared to PLA. All differences in the dependent variables were statistically insignificant and had moderate and lower effect sizes between interventions (p > 0.05, g < 0.94). Our study did not elicit sufficient evidence to recommend highly trained male athletes the use of CHO‐ and CAF‐MR separately or in combination to enhance jump performance. However, the fact that some differences have medium to large effect sizes suggests that the issue is still worth to be a potential topic for further research.Highlights
Effects of CHO + CAF‐MR on anaerobic performance in highly trained athletes have not been investigated using performance tasks requiring high technical skills.
There is not enough evidence to suggest that CHO, CAF and CHO + CAF‐MR interventions have beneficial effects on RVJ performance compared to PLA in highly trained male athletes.
Some statistically insignificant differences have medium to large effect sizes. Therefore, the issue is still worth to be a potential topic for further research.
Advanced Monte Carlo simulations of emission tomography imaging systems with GATE
Authors: Sarrut David , Bała Mateusz , Bardiès Manuel , Bert Julien , Chauvin Maxime , Chatzipapas Konstantinos , Dupont Mathieu , Etxebeste Ane , M Fanchon Louise , Jan Sébastien , Kayal Gunjan , S Kirov Assen , Kowalski Paweł , Krzemien Wojciech , Labour Joey , Lenz Mirjam , Loudos George , Mehadji Brahim , Ménard Laurent , Morel Christian , Papadimitroulas Panagiotis , Rafecas Magdalena , Salvadori Julien , Seiter Daniel , Stockhoff Mariele , Testa Etienne , Trigila Carlotta , Pietrzyk Uwe , Vandenberghe Stefaan , Verdier Marc-Antoine , Visvikis Dimitris , Ziemons Karl , Zvolský Milan , Roncali Emilie 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Built on top of the Geant4 toolkit, GATE is collaboratively developed for more than 15 years to design Monte Carlo simulations of nuclear-based imaging systems. It is, in particular, used by researchers and industrials to design, optimize, understand and create innovative emission tomography systems. In this paper, we reviewed the recent developments that have been proposed to simulate modern detectors and provide a comprehensive report on imaging systems that have been simulated and evaluated in GATE. Additionally, some methodological developments that are not specific for imaging but that can improve detector modeling and provide computation time gains, such as Variance Reduction Techniques and Artificial Intelligence integration, are described and discussed.
Towards automated ultrasound imaging—robotic image acquisition in liver and prostate for long-term motion monitoring
Authors: Ipsen Svenja , Wulff Daniel , Kuhlemann Ivo , Schweikard Achim , Ernst Floris 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Real-time volumetric (4D) ultrasound has shown high potential for diagnostic and therapy guidance tasks. One of the main drawbacks of ultrasound imaging to date is the reliance on manual probe positioning and the resulting user dependence. Robotic assistance could help overcome this issue and facilitate the acquisition of long-term image data to observe dynamic processes in vivo over time. The aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of robotic probe manipulation and organ motion quantification during extended imaging sessions. The system consists of a collaborative robot and a 4D ultrasound system providing real-time data access. Five healthy volunteers received liver and prostate scans during free breathing over 30 min. Initial probe placement was performed with real-time remote control with a predefined contact force of 10 N. During scan acquisition, the probe position was continuously adjusted to the body surface motion using impedance control. Ultrasound volumes, the pose of the end-effector and the estimated contact forces were recorded. For motion analysis, one anatomical landmark was manually annotated in a subset of ultrasound frames for each experiment. Probe contact was uninterrupted over the entire scan duration in all ten sessions. Organ drift and imaging artefacts were successfully compensated using remote control. The median contact force along the probe’s longitudinal axis was 10.0 N with maximum values of 13.2 and 21.3 N for liver and prostate, respectively. Forces exceeding 11 N only occurred in 0.3% of the time. Probe and landmark motion were more pronounced in the liver, with median interquartile ranges of 1.5 and 9.6 mm, compared to 0.6 and 2.7 mm in the prostate. The results show that robotic ultrasound imaging with dynamic force control can be used for stable, long-term imaging of anatomical regions affected by motion. The system facilitates the acquisition of 4D image data in vivo over extended scanning periods for the first time and holds the potential to be used for motion monitoring for therapy guidance as well as diagnostic tasks.
Some optical soliton solutions of space-time conformable fractional Schrödinger-type models
Authors: Darvishi Mohammad Taghi , Najafi Mohammad , Wazwaz Abdul-Majid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
In this article, we introduce a family of nonlinear (1+1) dimensions Schrödinger-type models with space-time fractional evolution in the sense of a conformable fractional derivative. We apply the modified Kudryashov method in context of fractional complex transformation and seek a variety of optical soliton solutions for these equations. The modified Kudryashov method is efficient and consistent for solving nonlinear space-time fractional differential equations.
Canonical description of cosmological backreaction
Authors: Bojowald Martin , Ding Ding 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Canonical methods of quasiclassical dynamics make it possible to go
beyond a strict background approximation for cosmological perturbations by
including independent fields such as correlation degrees of freedom. New
models are introduced and analyzed here for cosmological dynamics in the
presence of quantum correlations between background and perturbations, as
well as cross-correlations between different modes of a quantum
field. Evolution equations for moments of a perturbation state reveal
conditions required for inhomogeneity to build up out of an initial
vacuum. A crucial role is played by quantum non-locality, formulated by
canonical methods as an equivalent local theory with non-classical degrees
of freedom given by moments of a quantum state.
Velocity-dependent interacting dark energy and dark matter with a Lagrangian description of perfect fluids
Authors: Beltrán Jiménez Jose , Bettoni Dario , Figueruelo David , Teppa Pannia Florencia A. , Tsujikawa Shinji 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
We consider a cosmological scenario where the dark sector is
described by two perfect fluids that interact through a
velocity-dependent coupling. This coupling gives rise to an
interaction in the dark sector driven by the relative velocity of
the components, thus making the background evolution oblivious to
the interaction and only the perturbed Euler equations are affected
at first order. We obtain the equations governing this system with
the Schutz-Sorkin Lagrangian formulation for perfect fluids and
derive the corresponding stability conditions to avoid ghosts and
Laplacian instabilities. As a particular example, we study a model
where dark energy behaves as a radiation fluid at high redshift
while it effectively becomes a cosmological constant in the late
Universe. Within this scenario, we show that the interaction of
both dark components leads to a suppression of the dark matter
clustering at late times. We also argue the possibility that this
suppression of clustering together with the additional dark
radiation at early times can simultaneously alleviate the σ8
and H0 tensions.
Channel-hopping during surface electrical neurostimulation elicits selective, comfortable, distally referred sensations
Authors: Pena A E , Abbas J J , Jung R 
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Objective. Lack of sensation from a hand or prosthesis can result in substantial functional deficits. Surface electrical stimulation of the peripheral nerves is a promising non-invasive approach to restore lost sensory function. However, the utility of standard surface stimulation methods has been hampered by localized discomfort caused by unintended activation of afferents near the electrodes and limited ability to specifically target underlying neural tissue. The objectives of this work were to develop and evaluate a novel channel-hopping interleaved pulse scheduling (CHIPS) strategy for surface stimulation that is designed to activate deep nerves while reducing activation of fibers near the electrodes. Approach. The median nerve of able-bodied subjects was activated by up to two surface stimulating electrode pairs placed around their right wrist. Subjects received biphasic current pulses either from one electrode pair at a time (single-channel), or interleaved between two electrode pairs (multi-channel). Percept thresholds were characterized for five pulse durations under each approach, and psychophysical questionnaires were used to interrogate the perceived modality, quality and location of evoked sensations. Main results. Stimulation with CHIPS elicited enhanced tactile percepts that were distally referred, while avoiding the distracting sensations and discomfort associated with localized charge densities. These effects were reduced after introduction of large delays between interleaved pulses. Significance. These findings demonstrate that our pulse scheduling strategy can selectively elicit referred sensations that are comfortable, thus overcoming the primary limitations of standard surface stimulation methods. Implementation of this strategy with an array of spatially distributed electrodes may allow for rapid and effective stimulation fitting. The ability to elicit comfortable and referred tactile percepts may enable the use of this neurostimulation strategy to provide meaningful and intuitive feedback from a prosthesis, enhance tactile feedback after sensory loss secondary to nerve damage, and deliver non-invasive stimulation therapies to treat various pain conditions.
Mixed method of printed circuit board photoelectric image edge information extraction
Authors: Qiao Naosheng , Sun Ping 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Due to the noise and fuzziness of printed circuit board (PCB) photoelectric image, a mixed method of image edge information extraction is proposed, which is based on median filter, improved maximum distance between categories (IMDBC) and improved Canny edge detection operator (ICEDO). Firstly, the basic principle and advantages of the maximum distance between categories (MDBC) for image segmentation are analyzed, then the improved MDBC is proposed. Secondly, the ICEDO is discussed, and the basic principle is analyzed. Then, the implementation steps of the image edge information extraction based on mixed method are discussed. The experiments using such noisy and fuzzy images acquired by charge coupled device (CCD) imaging system and microscope are actualized. The experiment results by using the mixed method have lesser noise points, and the image excellent quality coefficients are the highest in the experiment. The excellent quality coefficients are 0.8346 and 0.7981 respectively in two image edge information extraction experiments. Both of the subjective and objective experiment contrasts results verify that the edge information of image can be extracted better by using this method.
Manufacturing of suitcase electropneumatic trainer kit
Authors: Efendi A , Abadi A H 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
This research is a type of development. The manufacturing process of electropneumatic trainer kit starts from reading the image design, identification of tools and materials, preparation of materials is a series of measurement and cutting process, frame assembly which is then carried out fundamental testing and the assembly of electro pneumatic components on framework that has been made and tested the system electro pneumatic and finish with finishing as the final process. The results showed that the electroppneumatic trainer kit made weighed 15 kg with dimensions 500 mm x 800 mm x 100 mm. electric current used is 220 AC current volts, barometric pressure 6-9 bar. Constraints encountered during the tool manufacturing process Electropneumatic trainer kit tend to be lacking in skills as well as lacking the precision of the components used.