bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resistance of ten local probolinggo tobacco accessions to armyworm (Spodoptera litura F.) in field
Authors: Prabowo H , Adikadarsih S , Damaiyani J 
Published: May 2021

AbstractTobacco (Nicotiana tabaccumL.) is an important cash crop of Indonesia. This commodity is great economic importance and a source of revenue, employment, and foreign exchange. Tobacco production in Indonesia faces several obstacles, one of which is damage caused by armyworm (Spodoptera litura) infestation. The armyworm cause destructive effects on plant so that it is necessary to obtain information regarding the types of tobacco, especially new tobacco varieties which are resistant to armyworm. Therefore, the production of tobacco could be improved. This research aimed to identify the resistance of local Probolinggo tobacco to armyworm so that they can be utilized to develop armyworm resistant tobacco and to improve productivity. A study to test the field resistance of local Probolinggo Tobacco was conducted in Besuk and Krejengan Village, Probolinggo. Eight accessions with two controlling accessions (Paiton 1 and 2) were used. The results showed that the average percentage of armyworm infestation on Vis-à-vis tobacco accession was approximately 9.0 up to 17.33 %. The most attracting accessions are DB Srongsong Sadhana, DB Srongsong Gajah, and Paiton 1 with the percentage of infestation of 19.50; 14.34 and 14.17 %, respectively. The lowest armyworm infestation was found in two tobacco accessions i.e. Samporis and Jimamwut. The level of resistance based on Chiang and Talekar showed that Samporis and Jimamwut were moderately resistant to armyworm, but accession DB Serongsong Sadhana dan Paiton 1 were susceptible. Samporis and Jimamwut can be developed as candidates to face army worm infestation.
The comparison of morphological characters and capsaicinoid contents of the 4th generation chili pepper genotypes G1/01 and G7/01 (Capsicum frutescens L.)
Authors: Tabroni I , Siswanto D , Arumingtyas EL 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The study aims to identify the morphological and physiological variation of the 4th generation of C. frutescens L. G1/01 and G7/01. The morphological data measured based on IPGRI, AVRDC and CATIE descriptors, and capsaicinoid content measured using spectrophotometry were used to build Jaccard similarity-based cladogram. The results showed that 40% of the G1/01 and 100% of the G7/01 plant height were categorized into very high category (> 85 cm). One hundred percent of the G1/01 and G7/01 were categorized into very early and late flowering, respectively. Eighty-five percent of the G1/01 and 100% of the G7/01 fruit length were categorized into normal (1-5cm). Ninety percent of the G1/01 and 56% of the G7/01 fruit diameters were categorized into normal (>0.5-1cm). Eighty-nine percent of G1/01 and 100% of G7/01 fruit weight were categorized into moderate (0.1-2g). Eighty percent of the G1/01 and 100% of the G7/01 number of seeds were categorized into moderate (>50-200 seeds) and small (<50 seeds), respectively. The capsaicinoid content of G1/01 and G7/01 was significantly lower than the original type. Mutant T39 (G7/01) had the highest capsaicinoid content (19.35mg/g). In the dendrogram, genotypes G1/01 and G7/01 were separated based on the character of the node color, petal color, peel surface, leaf color, and flowering time. G1/01 formed five clusters while G7/01 formed two clusters. G1/01 is more varied than G7/01.
The effect of the container for tpm (top of paper method) test on germination and infection rate of porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) seeds
Authors: Harijati N , Fikri HM 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Now, the need for porang seedlings is very urgent, so it is necessary to provide seedlings in a short amount of time. Among the sources for propagation of porang, the use of seeds as planting material promises to supply large quantities of seedlings. The initial step of preparing the seedlings is germination. The success of germination determines the next step. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of using trays and jars in reducing infection rates and to determine the rate of germination of porang seeds. This study used a complete random design with 3 replications. Each replication consisted of 50 seeds. While data analysis used unpaired t-test. And the germination method used the top-on-paper method (TPM). The observed-parameters included germination rate at 7 days after planting (dap), 17 dap, and 30 dap; percentage of seed contamination at 7 dap and 11 dap; the percentage of the number of sprouts rooted at 28 dap and 42 dap. The results showed that the percentage of germination using trays and jars at 7 dap, 17 dap, or 30 dap were not significantly different. Seed contamination at 7 dap and rooted-sprouts at 28 dap were not significantly different between tray and jar. However, for seed contamination at 11 dap, the tray produced higher contamination than the jar and the results were significantly different. As for the rooted sprouts at 42 dap, the trays produced lower rooted sprouts than the jar, 44.67% and 89.33% respectively and significantly different. The conclusion of this research was that germination on top-paper method using a jar was better than a tray
The consequence of increasing tree diversity was reducing tree basal area at across different management of agroforestry system of Bangsri Wathershed
Authors: Prayogo C , Waskitho AH , Muthahar C 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The Planting more trees in terrestrial ecosystem had provided on the increasing on many ecosystem services including carbon storage, water supply and soil cover. The relationship between the impact on increasing tree density on tree diversity across various land use type are limited. Using a survey and collecting field measurement within the plot in the size of (100 m × 20 m), we investigated the effect of different type land use on tree diversity, basal area, and species composition at Bangsri Watershed-East Java, comparing different agroforestry system to various young to old production forest of Mahogany (Sweitenia mahogany), Pines (Pinus merkusii) and Rekisi (Magnolia × alba (D.C.). The result showed that seedling population under complex agroforestry system was almost twice (389 individuha-1) higher that those simple agroforestry system or production forest. Young Mahogany (4-5 years) provide the highest number of poles, whilst old Mahogany and Pines production forest (30-40 years) were contributed the greatest tree population at (500 – 600) individuha-1 providing the highest value of basal area since the average of those tree diameter within the size of (25-40 cm). Tree population of complex agroforestry system were lower 50% than production forest. However, diversity indices (H’) of sapling, pole and tree under complex agroforestry system were between 1 to 2.5, while the others plot were<1, except for seedling diversity. In particular the increasing of tree population impact of greater basal area but however it reduced the diversity of, seedling, sapling, pole and tree as the consequences of the implementation of different tree and land management.
Changes in the morphology of catfish infected by Edwardsiella tarda as indicator of food safety
Authors: Kartikaningsih H , Yahya  , Setijawati D , Ma’rifat T N , Pramesti WS 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Edwardsiella tarda is a pathogenic bacterium in catfish. The aim of the research was to observe the morphological changes of catfish infected by Edwardisella tarda as catfish safe consumption indicator. Catfish was artificially infected with Edwardsiella tarda in aquarium for 7 days. The observation included catfish behavior, organoleptic freshness, meat morphology and the number of Edwardsiella tarda found in catfish skin, meat as well as in aquarium water. At the end of culture, it was known that the number of Edwardsiella tarda in meat, skin and water were 105 cfu/g, 108cfu/g and 102 cfu/mL. The fishy smell in aquarium could be sensed starting from day 3 after the pathogen introduction which was in concomitant with appearing red spots in the catfish skin. The freshness of catfish based on organoleptic tests was still around 9-7. From the SEM photographs showed the change in the structure of catfish meat. Histology observation showed the myofibril fragility increased. It recommended for consumers to keep on eye in appearance of red the spots color on catfish skin since it was visible indicator of early stage of spoilage caused by pathogen.
Monitoring quality of water sources in Madura: physicochemical and biological
Authors: Vidayanti V , Retnaningdyah C , Arisoesilaningsih E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study aims to (1) investigate the water sources quality based on physicochemical and biological parameters and (2) compare the water sources quality among locations of the study. The water sample takes from four locations water sources in Madura: Bangkalan area, Jokotole (JT), and Sumber Pocong (SP); Pamekasan, Samiran Reservoir (SR); and Sumenep, Nyapar (NY). Three sampling stations per location with three replications (station) are selected for sample collection. Some physicochemical parameters are measured, and phytoplankton samples are collected vertically and identified using keys from some references. The physicochemical parameters show that three locations are suitable for natural water sources based on the DO and salinity level: SP, SR, and NY. JT has the richest taxa than the other locations, but the highest number of plankton belongs to SP. The Importance Value Index (IVI) of plankton shows no dominance of plankton species in every water supply source location and is supported by the Simpson dominance index result. The evenness index shows a high evenness level of the species in every site. Based on the results of Shannon Wiener diversity index of plankton, the level of toxicity in the four research locations is in the light to moderate level.
Orchids diversity at RPH Ngebel, Ponorogo, East Java
Authors: Yulia N D , Ariyanti E E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The research on the diversity of orchids at the Ngebel - Ponorogo RPH area, precisely in the Ringin Putih and Gunung Picis Forest Reserve was done. The results showed that there were 20 orchid species were consisting of 15 epiphytic orchids that belonged to 10 genera and 5 terrestrial orchids that belonged to 5 genera. Epiphytic orchids found in the area grow on host trees such as Coffea trees, Ficus and Litsea.
The amplification and analysis of cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) Gene of Ornithoptera croesus from Bacan Island
Authors: Mas’ud Abdu , Roini C , Lahati B.K. , Sundari  
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Ornithoptera croesus is one of the endemic butterflies in Bacan island. The results of previous studies stated that O croesus has genetic variation based on morphological and molecular character of RAPD. In male and female butterflies there are variations in color and body size. The purpose of this study was to amplify the CO1 gene in Ornithoptera croesus butterflies collected from Mount Sibela in Bacan Island. The method used in this study is total DNA isolated from tissue using the ZymoBiomic (Zymo Research DNA Extraction) Kit, DNA amplification using the CO1 gene, sequencing and BLASTn analysis. The results showed that the specimen was successfully amplified with an amplicon size of 500 bp. Furthermore, the results of the BLASTn analysis revealed that the sequence had a 99% similarity with O croesus NCBI in both males and females, and based on phylogenetic analysis it had a closed position. The application of CO1 DNA barcodes is effective for identifying butterflies at species level.
Determining strategic decisions for local business sustainability in broiler partnerships
Authors: Andriani D P , A’yunin Q , Utami W R , Nelson R 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The broiler is one of the diversity of chicken species that has an upward trend in the public’s amount of consumption every year. Market uncertainty caused by government policies affects the level of production and the price of the broiler. This is detrimental to the poultry farmers and the partnership industry because the selling price becomes lower than the production cost. The subjects were a random sample of poultry farmers and industry partnerships in a developing country with a high level of broiler consumption. A study was conducted on internal and external factors regarding strategic decisions. The strategy method stages include finding alternatives and framing strategies using the strength, weakness, opportunity, and threats (SWOT) matrix and quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM), respectively. The SWOT matrix analyzes the strategies that can be conducted in this case study: market penetration and product development. QSPM explained that the best strategic decisions were an intensive approach to quality animal feed producers, quality management training for poultry farmers and internal company parties, and business diversification for broiler processed products. Apart from preserving biodiversity, hopefully, this study will contribute to food security and improve the local communities’ economy.
Sequences of Trypsin Inhibitor Gene on Jatropha curcas L
Authors: Primandiri P R , Amin M , Zubaidah S , Maftuchah  , Santoso A M 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Trypsin Inhibitor (TI) is one of unique gene which involved in plant protection from biotic and abiotic defense. The exploration variation of TI gene sequence is crucially needed asbasic reference, especially in J. curcas to support national biodiesel production. TI gene in J. curcas has been successfully isolated and sequenced form some crossed numbers (number 5 (SP-8 X SP-16), 6 (SP-8 X SP-38), 7 (SP-33 X HS-49), and 18 (SM-35 X SP-38) of J. curcas. Fourth sequence samples compared with two prime accessions (IP3A and IP3P). TI gene was successfully isolated, sequensed (598-604 bp), and aligned using BioEdit Sequence Alignment Editor 7.2.5 program. There were insertion and substitutionthat occur in all samples that lead to differences TI gene sequences. There are 11 siteswas inserted. Sample 18 and 7 only inserted at one site only. Substitution has been occured at 14 sites, 35.71% (5 sites) as transition and 64.29% as transvertion. Both ofinversion and substitution in some sites leads to change in the proportion of nucleic acid ofTI genes. Further analysis is needed to determine the impact of IT gene variation on J. curcas physiological response in environmental defense.
Mapping divers terrestrial orchids grown in the orchids garden of the Ranu Darungan Resort, the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park
Authors: Inayah D , Artaka T , Arisoesilaningsih E 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
The aim of this research was to map and to determine terrestrial orchids grown in the Orchid Garden of Ranu Darungan Resort, the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park. Garden was divided into four zones, namely A, B, C and D. Garden and orchids were mapped by recording their coordinates using GPS, then integrated into the Google Earth. Terrestrial orchids were identified, while their density of each subzone was determined. Results showed that there were 45 species belonging to 25 genera, some variants and a natural hybrid. Among them, Calanthe triplicata and Nephelaphyllum pulchrum showed the highest density. There were four endemic species of Java such as Paphiopedilum javanicum, Macodes javanica, Liparis javanica, and Acanthephippium javanicum. We found two variants of Eria javanica, two variants of flower colors in Phaius amboinensis, and two variant of labellum tip colors in Arundina graminifolia. We recorded a natural hybridization between C. triplicata and C. sylvatica, and then the hybrid flowers were light purple with a labellum shape of C. triplicata. The A zone was the richest and grown by 31 species followed by the D zone. However, the C and B zones showed the lowest diversity and codominated by N. pulchrum and C. triplicata.
Beeswax formulation and Wrapping effects on red garifta mango physical characteristics
Authors: Husen S , Muhidin  , Sri W , Devi D S , Anggoro W 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Red garifta is a mango variety that has an attractive appearance with sweet and fresh taste. It is one of the superior Indonesian fruits which having export potential. Therefore, improving the fruit quality is needed to increase market competitiveness. This study aimed to determine the effect of beeswax coating concentration and wrapping on the Red Garifta mango shelf life. There were two factors, first factor was beeswax concentration (0%, 2%, 4% and 6%), and the second factor was wrapping (without and wrapped with cardboard). The result revealed that 6% concentration beeswax is the best treatment throughout storage period with minimum loss of weight, extended color and proportional hardness. Wrapping also gave better effect on the color intensity, hardness, and less weight loss reduction. Therefore, it could be concluded that the treatment able to increase the red garifta mango shelf life.
An analysis of the deformed erythrocytes correlated to varied dose of nanoparticles emitted by diesel engine bus
Authors: Wardoyo A Y P , Juswono U P , Noor J A E , Budianto A 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the morphological changes of the mice’s erythrocytes corresponded to the bus exhaust nanoparticle exposures. Male mice were used as the experimental animals. The exhaust emissions emitted by bus samples B1, B2, and B3 were filtered using a nanoparticulate filtering system consisting of an N95 mask and a sucking pump, and the concentration was measured using a TSI P-Trak Ultrafine Particle Counter. In order to the erythrocyte deformation, we used the unexposed and the exposed mice to the bus exhaust emission with the varied particle concentration of Ld - low dose, Md - medium dose, and Hd - high dose as long as 100 seconds per day in eight consecutive days. Then, all mice were sacrificed for the erythrocytes analysis. We found two deformation types that were most highly increased in the erythrocytes such as: helmet-shaped cells and teardrop-shaped cells. The deformation percentages were in the range of 27% to 47%, depending on the nanoparticle concentration dose. Ld had the lowest deformation percentages: 28% for B1, 34% for B2, and 44% for B3. The highest deformation was found in Hd, with the values of 30%, 37%, and 47%, respectively for B1, B2, and B3.
The spores structure of ferns growing in mountain Gumitir coffee plantation area Jember Regency
Authors: Setyati D , Sulistyowati H , Rahmawati R , Ratnasari T 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Ferns spores diverse in their characteristics such as shapes, types and sizes. These characteristis are commonly used for species identification instead of the roots, stems and leaves. People can use the spores characteristics to identify the ferns species. Therefore, there is a need to characterize the structure of ferns spores growing in mountain Gumitir coffee plantation area. The whole mount method was used for spore preparations. Parameters observed were the type, size, shape and ornamentation of the exine of spores. The results showed the spore characters of ten ferns species. Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link. Nephrolepis falcata (Cav.) C. Chr, Pyrrosia nummularifolia (Sw.) Ching and Pyrrosia penangiana (Hook.) Holtt had large spores size (51-100 μm), while the others had medium-sized spores (26-50 μm). Monolete spore type was found in nine species and trilete spore type was found only in Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link. Subspheroidal spore forms was found in six species, while oblate spore form was found in four species. Exine ornamentation pattern varied from rugulate (3 species), baculate (2 species), scabrate, faveolate, gemmate, verrucate and echinate (the last five only in one species) with (P/E) value 0.64 - 0.97.
Application of response surface methodology in optimization condition of anthocyanin extraction process of cocoa peel waste with Microwave Assisted Extraction Method (MAE)
Authors: Rahmawati I , Fachri B A , Manurung Y H , Nurtsulutsiyah  , Reza M 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAnthocyanins are present in high concentration in cocoa peels. A microwave-assisted extraction was used to extract the anthocyanins from cocoa peel by using aqueous ethanol solvent. Extraction process conditions such as particle size, material/solvent ratio (w/v), optimum extraction time, and microwave power in the extraction process will affect the obtained concentration of anthocyanin. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between each input variables and to develop predictive models used in optimizing the conditions of the anthocyanin extraction process. The Design Expert vs11 program with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Box-Behnken Design was used for research and select process conditions from a combination of factors producing the optimal responses. Based on the Box-Behnken RSM Design, particle size, material/solvent ratio, extraction time, and microwave power in the extraction process are factors which mainly affect the response of produced anthocyanin concentration. Relationship between variables and the response of anthocyanin concentration was modeled by Y = 0.000178-4.17412E-07A + 0.012205B + 0.000022C + 7.75551R-08D + 0.000060AB - 2.96236E-08AC + 1.20818E-09AD − 0.001314BC − 0.000029BD + 1.84413E-07CD (A is particle size; B is the ratio of cocoa peel/ethanol; C is extraction time; and D is the power of microwave). The optimal response value of anthocyanin concentration is 1,435 mM, with the condition of the particle size at the extraction process of 60 mesh; the ratio of cocoa peel/ethanol of 0.0625 w/v; extraction time of 10 minutes; and the microwave of 450 watts.
Detection of cryII gene from Bacillus thuringiensis using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Authors: Wahyuni F D , Seprianto  , Saraswati H 
Published: May 2021

Abstract

Bacillus thuringiensis is one species of bacteria that has been applied as a microbiological control agent for pests and a vector of plant disease. The availability of Cry proteins in B. thuringiensis can be acted as a specific insect exterminator that only toxic to certain insects. The cryII gene is an example of a type of cry gene that encodes a CryII Protein. The CryII protein is toxic to Lepidoptera insects which can attack Helicoverpa armigera species which is a corn borer. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a general method that can be used to amplify the gene. This research purposed to design a good primer candidate for cryII gene amplification from B. thuringiensis. In silico analysis for designing cryII primer was carried out using some software, such as BLAST for searching cryII gene sequence, Bioedit for sequences alignment, and DINAmelt for analyzing dimer structure of primers. Ten primer candidates were successfully obtained based on the result of the primer 3 software. A pair of primer was selected to amplify the cryII gene, with forward primer 5’-GGTAGTGGACCACAGCAGAC-3’and reverse primer 5’-TCTTCTGGCGCCAAATGGAT-3’. This primer has fulfilled good primer characteristics because it does not cause dimer structure and the resulting amplicons do not form secondary structures. Amplification of the cryI gene by PCR method using selected primer resulting in a PCR product with a length of approximately 800 bp.
Isolation and screening caffeine-degrading bacteria
Authors: Arimurti S , Oktavianawati I , Suharjono S 
Published: May 2021

Abstract
Naturally, the coffee pulp contains caffeine. Caffeine-degrading bacteria can use caffeine for their growth. The purpose of this research was to obtain high potency of caffeine-degrading bacterial isolates. These bacteria were isolated from naturally-fermented pulp waste of Coffea arabica. The bacteria were isolated by using minimal medium M9 contain 1 g/L caffeine and was screened based on their activity to degrade caffeine. There 13 isolates that successfully isolated by this medium. The research found five isolates had high potency to degrade caffeine. They were KAFS 33, KAFS 34, KAFS 16, KAFS 47, and KAFS 35 respectively. Those isolates were the potential to be further analysis as an agent of decaffeinating coffee.