bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stopping mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists after hyperkalaemia: trial emulation in data from routine care
Authors: Trevisan Marco , Fu Edouard L. , Xu Yang , Savarese Gianluigi , Dekker Friedo W. , Lund Lars H. , Clase Catherine M. , Sjölander Arvid , Carrero Juan J. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAimsWhether to continue or stop mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) after an episode of hyperkalaemia is a challenge in clinical practice. While stopping MRA may prevent recurrent hyperkalaemias, it deprives patients of their cardioprotection. We here assessed the association between stopping vs. continuing MRA therapy after hyperkalaemia and the subsequent risks of adverse health events.Methods and resultsObservational study from the Stockholm CREAtinine Measurements (SCREAM) project 2006–2018. We identified patients initiating MRA and surviving a first‐detected episode of hyperkalaemia (plasma potassium >5.0 mmol/L). Using target trial emulation methods, we assessed the association between stopping vs. continuing MRA within 6 months after hyperkalaemia and subsequent outcomes. The primary outcome was the composite of hospital admission with heart failure, stroke, myocardial infarction, or death. The secondary outcome was occurrence of another hyperkalaemia event. Among 39 518 patients initiating MRA, we identified 7366 who developed hyperkalaemia. Median age was 76 years, 45% were women and 69% had a history of heart failure. Following hyperkalaemia, 2222 (30%) discontinued treatment. Compared with continuing MRA, stopping therapy was associated with a lower 2‐year risk of recurrent hyperkalaemia [hazard ratio (HR) 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72–0.79], but a higher risk of the primary outcome (HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06–1.14). Similar results were observed in patients with heart failure, after censoring when treatment decision was changed, and across pre‐specified subgroups.ConclusionsStopping MRA after an episode of hyperkalaemia was associated with reduced risk for recurrent hyperkalaemia, but higher risk of death or cardiovascular events. Recurrent hyperkalaemia was common in either strategy.
Post‐discharge arrhythmic risk stratification of patients with acute myocarditis and life‐threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias
Authors: Gentile Piero , Merlo Marco , Peretto Giovanni , Ammirati Enrico , Sala Simone , Della Bella Paolo , Aquaro Giovanni Donato , Imazio Massimo , Potena Luciano , Campodonico Jeness , Foà Alberto , Raafs Anne , Hazebroek Mark , Brambatti Michela , Cercek Andreja Cerne , Nucifora Gaetano , Shrivastava Sanskriti , Huang Florent , Schmidt Matthieu , Muser Daniele , Van de Heyning Caroline M. , Van Craenenbroeck Emeline , Aoki Tatsuo , Sugimura Koichiro , Shimokawa Hiroaki , Cannatà Antonio , Artico Jessica , Porcari Aldostefano , Colopi Marzia , Perkan Andrea , Bussani Rossana , Barbati Giulia , Garascia Andrea , Cipriani Manlio , Agostoni Piergiuseppe , Pereira Naveen , Heymans Stephane , Adler Eric D. , Camici Paolo Guido , Frigerio Maria , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: July 2021

AimsThe outcomes of patients presenting with acute myocarditis and life‐threatening ventricular arrhythmias (LT‐VA) are unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and predictors of recurrent major arrhythmic events (MAEs) after hospital discharge in this patient population.Methods and resultsWe retrospectively analysed 156 patients (median age 44 years; 77% male) discharged with a diagnosis of acute myocarditis and LT‐VA from 16 hospitals worldwide. Diagnosis of myocarditis was based on histology or the combination of increased markers of cardiac injury and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) Lake Louise criteria. MAEs were defined as the relapse, after discharge, of sudden cardiac death or successfully defibrillated ventricular fibrillation, or sustained ventricular tachycardia (sVT) requiring implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator therapy or synchronized external cardioversion. Median follow‐up was 23 months [first to third quartile (Q1–Q3) 7–60]. Fifty‐eight (37.2%) patients experienced MAEs after discharge, at a median of 8 months (Q1–Q3 2.5–24.0 months; 60.3% of MAEs within the first year). At multivariable Cox analysis, variables independently associated with MAEs were presentation with sVT [hazard ratio (HR) 2.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38–6.11]; late gadolinium enhancement involving ≥2 myocardial segments (HR 4.51, 95% CI 2.39–8.53), and absence of positive short‐tau inversion recovery (STIR) (HR 2.59, 95% CI 1.40–4.79) at first CMR.ConclusionsAmong patients discharged with a diagnosis of myocarditis and LT‐VA, 37.2% had recurrences of MAEs during follow‐up. Initial CMR pattern and sVT at presentation stratify the risk of arrhythmia recurrence.
Nickel Complexes and Carbon Dots for Efficient Light‐Driven Hydrogen Production
Authors: Ladomenou Kalliopi , Papadakis Michael , Landrou Georgios , Giorgi Michel , Drivas Charalambos , Kennou Stella , Hardré Renaud , Massin Julien , Coutsolelos Athanassios G. , Orio Maylis 
Published: July 2021

AbstractNitrogen‐doped carbon dots were used as photosensitizers for H2 evolution in the presence of a series of mononuclear thiosemicarbazone nickel complexes. The catalysts were designed to display different substituents at the para position of the phenyl rings. These chemical modifications tune the electron‐donating abilities of the complexes and influence their capability to reduce protons into hydrogen. All photocatalytic experiments were performed in aqueous solution, using as sacrificial electron donor TCEP/Asc (1 : 1), 0.1 M each, at pH=5. The complex bearing the most electron‐donating ligand with the dimethylamino (N(CH3)2) substituent behaves as the best catalyst in our series of photocatalytic systems with TONCAT=148, under white led radiation for 30 h. Therefore, this noble metal‐free system can effectively produce hydrogen in water and further chemical modification of the ligand will likely improve its production.
Photoredox Dual Catalysis: A Fertile Playground for the Discovery of New Reactivities
Authors: Mastandrea Marco M. , Pericàs Miquel A. 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThe last fifteen years have witnessed the advent of photoredox catalysis as a powerful tool for the generation of radical species under mild, controlled conditions. The exploitation of visible light as a sustainable and cheap source of energy has enabled the resurgence of classical radical chemistry as well as the discovery of several new transformations. At the same time, many research groups have demonstrated the easy implementation of dual catalytic protocols, further extending the range of accessible reactivities. In particular, the merging of photoredox and organocatalysis has allowed to involve radical species in asymmetric transformations, while metallaphotoredox has given access to odd‐electron reactivity in transition metal catalysis. In this minireview, after a quick look at the basic principles of photoredox catalysis, we will describe the seminal works of the field furnishing a focus on the proposed reaction mechanism.
Metallophilic Interactions in Bimetallic Cyclometalated Platinum(II) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes
Authors: Pinter Piermaria , Soellner Johannes , Strassner Thomas 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPlatinum(II) complexes with rigid and electron donating ligands are efficient phosphorescent emitters at room temperature. However, the excited‐state lifetimes of these complexes are, in general, relatively long. This problem, which can result in the degradation of the emitter, can be overcome by exploiting the natural tendency of platinum to form metallophilic interactions and aggregates. Herein, we report platinum(II) bimetallic complexes with 100 % quantum yield and at the same time exceptionally short radiative decay times, which in some cases are up to a hundredfold faster than the analogous monometallic complexes.
Iron‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyrrole Derivatives and Related Five‐Membered Azacycles
Authors: Wang Yeming , Zhang Chaoqun , Li Shizhe , Liu Lihui 
Published: July 2021

AbstractPyrrole derivatives and their related five‐membered azacycles are a class of important five‐membered aromatic nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, and their synthesis attracted much the attention of organic chemists. Iron catalysis has been widely used in various organic transformations owing to their excellent catalytic activity, environmentally benign character, easy accessibility and low price. Over the past decades, a variety of facile and effective syntheses of pyrrole derivatives and related five‐membered azacycles based on iron catalysis has been reported. In this Minireview, the development of the iron‐catalyzed synthesis of pyrrole derivatives and their related five membered azacycles is reported in a comprehensive way, covering the literature up to March 2021.
Effects of childhood trauma on pain‐related distress in adults
Authors: Walton Dave Mark , Tremblay Paul , Seo Wonjin , Elliott James Matthew , Ghodrati Maryam , May Curtis , MacDermid Joy Christine 
Published: July 2021

AbstractBackgroundMuch of the work in post‐musculoskeletal (MSK) trauma and distress has been conducted through frameworks that start from the injury and go forward to better understand the trajectories and predictors of recovery. However, stress–diatheses models suggest that reactions to trauma are shaped by pre‐existing experiences of the person more than the parameters of the event itself. In this study, we explore the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on traumatic threat appraisal, distress and pain‐related functional interference in adulthood.MethodsAdult participants with acute, non‐catastrophic musculoskeletal trauma completed a battery of questionnaires that included the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACEQ), the Brief Illness Perceptions Questionnaire (BIPQ), the Traumatic Injuries Distress Scale (TIDS) and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). An a priori model was evaluated through path analysis to determine the variance in BPI Interference scores explained through direct or indirect pathways between these variables (ACEQ‐>BIPQ, BIPQ‐>TIDS, TIDS‐>BPI). The analysis was repeated for the sample when disaggregated by sex.ResultsIn n = 114, the base model was saturated. After removing non‐significant pathways, the ACEQ‐>BIPQ‐>TIDS‐>BPI paths were significant and in the expected direction, explaining 57.1% of variance in acute BPI Interference score. When disaggregated by sex, the effect of ACEs on threat appraisal was only significant in men and not women, although this analysis was exploratory.ConclusionsAcute pain‐related interference could be predicted by post‐traumatic distress and threat appraisal. Threat appraisal could be further predicted through ACEs, more childhood adversities were associated with more threatening appraisal of trauma in adulthood. The disaggregated finding that the effects of childhood adversities were only significant in males requires further exploration.SignificanceThis study explores the potential pathways of the stress–diathesis model while focusing on adverse childhood experiences as a novel contribution to the field of acute post‐trauma pain. The findings may inform future research design and interpretation of acute‐to‐chronic pain risk stratification tools.
Recent advances in magnetic digital microfluidic platforms
Authors: Cheng Hao , Liu Hangrui , Li Weihua , Li Ming 
Published: July 2021

AbstractMagnetic Digital microfluidics (DMF), which enables the manipulation of droplets containing different types of samples and reagents by permanent magnets or electromagnet arrays, has been used as a promising platform technology for bioanalytical and preparative assays. This is due to its unique advantages such as simple and “power free” operation, easy assembly, great compatibility with auto control systems, and dual functionality of magnetic particles (actuation and target attachment). Over the past decades, magnetic DMF technique has gained a widespread attention in many fields such as sample‐to‐answer molecular diagnostics, immunoassays, cell assays, on‐demand chemical synthesis, and single‐cell manipulation. In the first part of this review, we summarised features of magnetic DMF. Then, we introduced the actuation mechanisms and fabrication of magnetic DMF. Furthermore, we discussed five main applications of magnetic DMF, namely drug screening, protein assays, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cell manipulation, and chemical analysis and synthesis. In the last part of the review, current challenges and limitations with magnetic DMF technique were discussed, such as biocompatibility, automation of microdroplet control systems, and microdroplet evaporation, with an eye on towards future development.
Sunroot snack bar: Optimization, characterization, consumer perception, and storage stability assessment
Authors: Abedelmaksoud Tarek Gamal , Smuda Sayed Saad , Altemimi Ammar B. , Mohamed Reda Mahgoub , Pratap‐Singh Anubhav , Ali Marwa Rashad 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis study reports the evolution of phenolics, inulin content, proximate composition, hardness, and sensory characteristics of an inulin‐rich healthy snack bar (The Sunroot Snack Bar) over 90 days of storage in refrigerated and room temperature storage. A response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite rotatable design was first employed for optimizing the concentrations of sunroot, potato, and oats. The optimum selected concentrations of sunroot, potato, and oat were 53.99, 37.88, and 5 g, respectively, and a quadratic model was found to yield the best fit. Analysis of variance revealed that a higher sunroot content resulted in more firmness of the bar and higher overall acceptability in sensory trials. Sunroot snack bar samples without flavor (control), sunroot snack bar with cheese flavor (S1), and sunroot snack bar with olive flavor (S2) were then tested for sensory, chemical, phytochemicals, and microbial contents among control, S1, and S2 samples over a 90‐day shelf‐life study. Results showed no significant (p < .05) changes in these contents on addition of flavor. An increase in microbial load and the appearance of a bitter taste after 30 days of fresh sunroot storage were observed. No microbial growth was observed in all sunroot snack bar samples during storage at 4°C, while some microbial growth was observed at 25°C for 90 days. It was inferred that the high‐quality shelf life of the sunroot bar was 90 days at 4°C, which was shortened to a month if the bars were preserved at 25°C. There was a significant phenolic and inulin content loss at 25°C compared with 4°C in total phenolic component. Based on the results of sensory evaluation, online questionnaire of customer experience, and cost analysis, this study successfully used sunroot tubers for the production of snack bars as a promising new raw material, which was introduced healthily with a suitable price for such product compared with other products in the market.
Rational repricing of risk during COVID‐19: Evidence from Indian single stock options market
Authors: Agarwalla Sobhesh Kumar , Varma Jayanth R. , Virmani Vineet 
Published: July 2021

AbstractCould the COVID‐19 related market crash and subsequent rebound be explained as a rational response to evolving conditions? Our results using multiple forward‐looking measures of uncertainty implied from stock option prices suggest so. First, we find a gradual build‐up of volatility during the month preceding the spike at the start of the pandemic. Second, while tail risk declined after government interventions, the level of uncertainty remained elevated for stocks across industries. Third, the dynamics of decline in tail risk in stocks was industry‐dependent, suggesting that the market performed a fine‐grained analysis of each stock's uncertainty through the pandemic.
Enhancing Linkage to Hepatitis C Virus Treatment Following Pregnancy in Women Identified During Perinatal Care
Authors: Epstein Rachel L. , Moloney Carole , Garfinkel Jacob , Saia Kelley , Wachman Elisha M. , Lodi Sara , Pelton Stephen I. 
Published: July 2021

Amid the current US opioid crisis, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection rates continue to rise in young adults, including among pregnant women, yet few studies describe linkage to care and treatment in pregnant or postpartum women with HCV infection. We used electronic health record data to estimate HCV treatment rates for postpartum women before (January 2014‐September 2016) and during (October 2016‐March 2018) implementation of a maternal–infant HCV linkage program in combination with a multidisciplinary clinic to colocate mother and infant care. Using Poisson regression models, we compared HCV treatment initiation rates, adjusting for demographics, substance use, and treatment. From January 2014 through March 2018, 343 women who were HCV seropositive delivered at our institution. Of these, 95% completed HCV nucleic acid testing and 255 women had chronic HCV infection. Mean age was 30 years, 96% were publicly insured, and 94% had documented substance use. HCV treatment initiation increased from 28/164 (17.1%) women with chronic HCV infection in the preintervention period to 16/66 (24.2%) with the linkage‐only intervention and 13/25 (52.0%) with the linkage intervention and colocated care. Adjusted analyses demonstrated that women delivering during the intervention period initiated HCV treatment at 2.40 times (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10‐5.25; linkage only) and 3.36 times (95% CI, 1.57‐7.17; linkage and colocated care) the rate of women delivering preintervention. Women on buprenorphine had higher HCV treatment initiation rates compared with those on methadone (rate ratio, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.05‐4.21). Conclusion: HCV linkage to care and treatment rates improved in the setting of mother–infant linkage and colocated care interventions. Perinatal care may represent a critical venue to identify, link, and treat women for HCV infection to improve their own health and prevent transmission to subsequent pregnancies.
Measuring catastrophe in paying for healthcare: A comparative methodological approach by using National Sample Survey, India
Authors: Dwivedi Rinshu , Pradhan Jalandhar , Athe Ramesh 
Published: July 2021

AbstractHealthcare expenditure significantly varies among various segments of the population. The appropriate measures of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) will help to unravel the real burden of spending among households. Present study provides a link between the theoretical insights from Grossman's model and various methodological approaches for the estimation of CHE by using data from the three rounds of nationally representative Consumer Expenditure Surveys, India. Statistical analysis has been carried out by using multivariate logistic regression to identify the major determinants of CHE. Findings indicate that the occurrence of CHE has increased during 1993–2012. Rural residents and households with varying age composition such as with higher numbers of children and elderly were at higher risk. Economic status is significantly associated with CHE and increased demand for healthcare. The measurements differ as per the methodological approaches of CHE and definition of household's capacity to pay. Approach‐based variations in the results can be of key importance in determining trends and magnitude in CHE. Despite these variations in measurements, study finds a limited incidence of CHE among the disadvantaged segment of the population though a greater share was devoted to health expenditure in recent years. Better risk pooling mechanism is required to address the healthcare needs of the disadvantaged segment such as elderly, children, poor and rural population in India.
Nonsimilar boundary layer flow of Cross fluid induced by a heated stretched sheet
Authors: Shehzad Sabir A. , Ahmed Maria , Rauf Amar 
Published: July 2021

AbstractThis paper deals with the nonisothermal boundary layer flow of Cross fluid due to a stretching sheet. Unlike previous studies on boundary layer flow of Cross fluid, a nonsimilar formulation is adopted to transform the boundary layer equations into nondimensional form. The problem is characterized by three dimensionless parameters, namely, the Deborah number, the Prandtl number, and dimensionless distance along the sheet. The transformed equations are simulated by a numerical scheme with the help of MAPLE software. The velocity and temperature profiles inside the boundary layer are calculated and shown graphically. The skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number at various axial stations are also tabulated for several values of Deborah number and Prandtl number.
Machine learning‐based tri‐stage classification of Alzheimer's progressive neurodegenerative disease usingPCAandmRMRadministered textural, orientational, and spatial features
Authors: Karim Razaul , Shahrior Ashef , Rahman Mohammad Motiur 
Published: July 2021

AbstractAlzheimer's disease is a subject of substantial concern with ample scope for novel discoveries in the field of modern computational medical study for its reputation of being one of the most exorbitant and life‐threatening neurodegenerative diseases of the current age. The prime objective of this research is to develop a system that can automatically detect three stages of Alzheimer's disease—Alzheimer's dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitively normal using the traditional machine learning approaches. The dataset collected from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative containing three types of data as mentioned above with labeled images is used throughout the research. In the proposed method, contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization handles the qualitative visual distortion in advance of feature calculation. Three distinct types of features are identified from structural MR images such as textural, orientational, and spatial features as the gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix, histogram of oriented gradients, and vector of locally aggregated descriptors. Apart from this, principal component analysis and minimum redundancy maximum relevance operate on the generated feature set for dimensionality reduction and to confer a comparative perspective as well. Experiments conducted upon the availed dataset exhibit that the proposed methodology outperforms other noteworthy existing methods for multiclass detection of Alzheimer's disease achieving accuracy ranging from 94% to 97% with respect to the feature set and models in action. Moreover, a significant outcome is found after applying the findings to a new independent test dataset from the same data source.