bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of hypnotic drugs among children, adolescents, and young adults in Scandinavia
Authors: Wesselhoeft Rikke , Rasmussen Lotte , Jensen Peter Bjødstrup , Jennum Poul Jørgen , Skurtveit Svetlana , Hartz Ingeborg , Reutfors Johan , Damkier Per , Bliddal Mette , Pottegård Anton 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundHypnotic use in children and adolescents is controversial.ObjectiveTo describe the use of hypnotic drugs (melatonin, z‐drugs, and sedating antihistamines) among 5‐ to 24‐year‐old Scandinavians during 2012 to 2018.MethodsAggregate‐level data were obtained from public data sources in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. We calculated annual prevalence (users/1000 inhabitants) stratified by age group, sex, and country. Quantity of use (Defined Daily Dose (DDD)/user/day) was estimated for Norway and Denmark.ResultsMelatonin was the most commonly used hypnotic, and its use increased markedly from 2012 to 2018, particularly among females and 15‐ to 24‐year‐old individuals. Sweden had the highest increase in use (6.5 to 25/1000) compared with Norway (10–20/1000) and Denmark (5.7–12/1000).The annual prevalence of sedating antihistamine use was also highest in Sweden, reaching 13/1000 in 2018 in comparison to 7.5/1000 in Norway and 2.5/1000 in Denmark. Z‐drug use decreased in all countries toward 2018, dropping to 3.5/1000 in Sweden, 4.4/1000 in Norway, and 1.7/1000 in Denmark.The quantity of hypnotic use in Norway and Denmark was 0.8–1.0 DDD/user/day for melatonin in 2018, as compared to 0.1–0.3 for z‐drugs and antihistamines.ConclusionThe use of melatonin and sedating antihistamines increased among young Scandinavians during 2012–2018, and the increase was twice as high in Sweden compared with Norway and Denmark. In addition, Sweden had the highest use of sedating antihistamines. The Scandinavian variation of hypnotic use could reflect differences in frequency of sleep problems between populations or variation of healthcare access or clinical practice between countries.
Incorporating data‐based estimates of temporal variation into projections for newly monitored populations
Authors: Parlato E. H. , Ewen J. G. , McCready M. , Gordon F. , Parker K. A. , Armstrong D. P. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe importance of accounting for temporal variation in vital rates when modelling population dynamics is well recognized. However, long‐term (usually >5 years) datasets are needed to estimate this variation. Consequently, models for newly monitored populations typically assume no temporal variation or use default values provided in software programmes, both of which can give misleading inferences about population dynamics. The goal of this study is to improve estimation of dynamics in the initial years of conservation programmes by incorporating data‐based estimates of temporal variation from other populations with longer‐term data available. We show how data‐derived priors can be generated using estimates of temporal variation in vital rates from other populations, providing information about expected variation until sufficient population‐specific data are available. We specifically evaluated whether data‐derived priors improved our ability to estimate temporal variation for a reintroduced population monitored for 3 years postrelease. We first predicted population growth and probability of extinction assuming no temporal variation in vital rates, then compared projections to those obtained when temporal variation was estimated with uniform priors or with the data‐derived priors. Both types of priors were constrained to plausible ranges, and we also assessed sensitivity of model outputs to widening those ranges. Median projected population size was similar under all three models, but extinction probability was higher with inclusion of temporal variability, reiterating the importance of incorporating this source of uncertainty. Projections with temporal variation were similar irrespective of whether data‐derived priors or uniform priors were used. However, the data‐derived priors generated more precise estimates of annual variation that were less sensitive to relaxation of prior constraints. The approach we present can facilitate management decisions at the outset of conservation programmes when risk assessments that account for all relevant uncertainties can be crucial for determining optimal management strategies.
Effects of pregnancy on chronic urticaria: Results of the PREG‐CU UCARE study
Authors: Kocatürk Emek , Al‐Ahmad Mona , Krause Karoline , Gimenez‐Arnau Ana M. , Thomsen Simon Francis , Conlon Niall , Marsland Alexander , Savk Ekin , Criado Roberta F. , Danilycheva Inna , Fomina Daria , Godse Kiran , Khoshkhui Maryam , Gelincik Aslı , Degirmentepe Ece Nur , Demir Semra , Ensina Luis Felipe , Kasperska‐Zajac Alicja , Rudenko Michael , Valle Solange , Medina Iris , Bauer Andrea , Zhao Zuotao , Staubach Petra , Bouillet Laurence , Küçük Özlem Su , Ateş Can , Maurer Marcus 
Published: May 2021

AbstractBackgroundChronic urticaria (CU) predominantly affects women, and sex hormones can modulate disease activity in female CU patients. As of now, the impact of pregnancy on CU is largely unknown.AimTo analyze the course and features of CU during and after pregnancy.Patients and methodsPREG‐CU is an international, multicenter study of the Urticaria Centers of Reference and Excellence (UCARE) network. Data were collected via a 47‐item questionnaire completed by CU patients, who became pregnant within the last 3 years.ResultsA total of 288 pregnancies of 288 CU patients from 13 countries were analyzed (mean age at pregnancy: 32.1 ± 6.1 years, duration of CU: 84.9 ± 74.5 months; CSU 66.9%, CSU + CIndU 20.3%, CIndU 12.8%).During pregnancy, 51.1% of patients rated their CU as improved, 28.9% as worse, and 20.0% as unchanged.CU exacerbations most commonly occurred exclusively during the third trimester (in 34 of 124 patients; 27.6%) or the first (28 of 124; 22.8%). The risk factors for worsening of CU during pregnancy were having mild disease and no angioedema before pregnancy, not taking treatment before pregnancy, CIndU, CU worsening during a previous pregnancy, treatment during pregnancy, and stress as a driver of exacerbations. After giving birth, urticaria disease activity remained unchanged in 43.8% of CU patients, whereas 37.4% and 18.1% experienced worsening and improvement, respectively.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate the complex impact of pregnancy on the course of CU and help to better counsel patients who want to become pregnant and to manage CU during pregnancy.
Adherence to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist in articles published in EAACI Journals: A bibliographic study
Authors: Wiehn Elena , Ricci Cristian , Alvarez‐Perea Alberto , Perkin Michael R. , Jones Christina J. , Akdis Cezmi , Bousquet Jean , Eigenmann Philippe , Grattan Clive , Apfelbacher Christian J. , Genuneit Jon ,   for the Task Force ‘Adherence to reporting guidelines in articles published in EAACI Journals: a systematic review’ of the EAACI Working Group on Epidemiology
Published: May 2021

AbstractResearch data derived from observational studies are accumulating quickly in the field of allergy and immunology and a large amount of observational studies are published every year. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adherence to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklist by papers published in the three European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology journals, during the period 2009–2018. To this end, we conducted a bibliographic study of up to eight randomly selected papers per year per Journal. Our literature search resulted in 223 papers. Amongst those, 80, 80 and 63 records were from Paediatric Allergy and Immunology, Allergy and Clinical and Translational Allergy, respectively; the latter was published only from 2011 on. Prospective, case control and cross‐sectional designs were described in 88, 43 and 92 papers, respectively. Full reporting of all STROBE items was present in 47.4%, 45.6% and 41.2% for the cohort, cross‐sectional and case‐control studies, respectively. Generally, no time trend in adherence of reporting STROBE items was observed, apart from reporting funding, which increased from 60% in 2009/2010 to more than 90% in 2018. We identified a cluster of STROBE items with low proportions of full reporting constituted by the items on reporting study design in the title and methods, variables types along with their measurement/assessment, bias and confounding, study size, and grouping of variables. It appears that the STROBE checklist is a suitable tool in observational allergy epidemiology. However, adherence to the STROBE checklist appeared suboptimal.
The Gradual Gaze: Drawing as a Practice of Ethnographic Description
Authors: Kashanipour Jasamin 
Published: May 2021

SummaryNourished by my research's theoretical and ethnographic resources, this article explores the act of ethnographic drawing and its potential. I introduce a concept of gaze that I call “the gradual gaze.” I suggest that drawing, which can transform the gaze into the gradual gaze, is a creative and heuristic way of attentive thinking and a process involving both unlearning and learning. The mimetic quality of drawing strengthens the fieldworker’s eye and entails a search for connectedness with the environment and people. The fieldworker’s domain of experience offers insight for understanding the mimetic practice in drawing. However, this mimetic practice goes beyond duality, imitation, and representation. This article explores the triangular relationship between the fieldworker, the subject drawn, and the drawing.
Challenges in migrant women’s maternity care in a high‐income country: A population‐based cohort study of maternal and perinatal outcomes
Authors: Guðmundsdóttir Embla Ýr , Gottfreðsdóttir Helga , Hálfdánsdóttir Berglind , Nieuwenhuijze Marianne , Gissler Mika , Einarsdóttir Kristjana 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIntroductionThis study aims to explore maternal and perinatal outcomes of migrant women in Iceland.Material and methodsThis prospective population‐based cohort study included women who gave birth to a singleton in Iceland between 1997 and 2018, comprising a total of 92 403 births. Migrant women were defined as women with citizenship other than Icelandic, including refugees and asylum seekers, and categorized into three groups, based on their country of citizenship Human Development Index score. The effect of country of citizenship was estimated. The main outcome measures were onset of labor, augmentation, epidural, perineum support, episiotomy, mode of birth, obstetric anal sphincter injury, postpartum hemorrhage, preterm birth, a 5‐minute Apgar <7, neonatal intensive care unit admission and perinatal mortality. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for maternal and perinatal outcomes were calculated using logistic regression models.ResultsA total of 8158 migrant women gave birth during the study period: 4401 primiparous and 3757 multiparous. Overall, migrant women had higher adjusted ORs (aORs) for episiotomy (primiparas: aOR 1.43, 95% CI 1.26–1.61; multiparas: 1.39, 95% CI 1.21–1.60) and instrumental births (primiparas: 1.14, 95% CI 1.02–1.27, multiparas: 1.41, 95% CI 1.16–1.72) and lower aORs of induction of labor (primiparas: 0.88, 95% CI 0.79–0.98; multiparas: 0.74, 95% CI 0.66–0.83), compared with Icelandic women. Migrant women from countries with a high Human Development Index score (≥0.900) had similar or better outcomes compared with Icelandic women, whereas migrant women from countries with a lower Human Development Index score than that of Iceland (<0.900) had additionally increased odds of maternal and perinatal complications and interventions, such as emergency cesarean and postpartum hemorrhage.ConclusionsWomen’s citizenship and country of citizenship Human Development Index scores are significantly associated with a range of maternal and perinatal complications and interventions, such as episiotomy and instrumental birth. The results indicate the need for further exploration of whether Icelandic perinatal healthcare services meet the care needs of migrant women.
The efficacy and safety of ocriplasmin for patients with vitreous macular traction
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Fei , Zhao Xin‐Yu , Meng Li‐Hui , Wang Dong‐Yue , Feng Shi , Chen You‐Xin 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the efficacy and safety of ocriplasmin for patients with vitreous macular traction (VMT).MethodsThe PubMed, EMBASE and Ovid were searched up to May 2020 to identify related studies. Statistical analysis was conducted by R software version 3.6.3. Results in proportion with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated by means of Freeman–Tukey variant of arcsine square transformation.ResultsThe pooling results indicated the overall complete release rate was 50% (95% CI [45%–54%]). For VMT patients younger than 65 years old, with smaller adhesion size of VMT (<1500 μm), phakic eyes, with macular hole (MH) and subretinal fluid (SRF), while without epiretinal membrane (ERM), ocriplasmin could achieve much higher complete release rates than those under opposite conditions. The general nonsurgical closure rate of MH was 34% (95% CI [30%–37%]), and it was positively correlated with the MH size. The visual improvement rate was 45% (95% CI [32%–59%]), and it was higher for patients with VMT resolution (59%, 95% CI [41%–75%]). The secondary pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) rate for patients without MH closure or VMT resolution was about 31% (95% CI [23%–39%]). The incidence of MH progression was 10% (95% CI [4%–18%]), and other severe adverse events such as endophthalmitis, retinal detachment and retinal tear were relatively rare.ConclusionOcriplasmin is an effective, reliable and relatively safe intervention for the treatment of VMT. The most suitable candidates were patients younger than 65 years old, with smaller adhesion size (<1500 μm), phakic eyes, with MH and SRF, while without ERM.
Impact of tobacco use on corneal thickness and endothelial health: a systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Frifelt Lith Elizabeth Wienholtz , Subhi Yousif , Holm Lars Morten , Singh Amardeep 
Published: May 2021

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the impact of tobacco use on corneal thickness and corneal endothelial health.MethodsWe searched the PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central and all affiliated databases of the Web of Science on 20 July 2020. Two authors reviewed the studies and extracted the data in an independent fashion. Studies were reviewed qualitatively in the text, and central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal endothelial characteristics (endothelial cell density, endothelial cell variability, average of endothelial cell size and endothelial cell hexagonality) were introduced for quantitative analyses.ResultsEighteen studies (2077 were smokers and 6429 non‐smokers) were identified, of which 17 studies provided data eligible for one or more of the quantitative analyses. When compared to non‐smokers, smokers had a higher CCT (+3.3 μm, 95% CI: +0.9 to +5.7 μm, p = 0.007) and a lower endothelial cell density (−140 cells/mm2, 95% CI: −30 to −250 cells/mm2, p = 0.01). Other corneal endothelial measures did not differ significantly.ConclusionTobacco use is associated with a higher CCT and lower corneal endothelium cell density, but the clinical impact of these findings is small. Further studies are warranted on patients with a priori poor corneal health, where smoking may constitute an important risk of further progression, for example upon anterior segment surgery.
Chloride channel inhibition improves neuromuscular function under conditions mimicking neuromuscular disorders
Authors: Pedersen Thomas Holm , Macdonald William Alexander , Broch‐Lips Martin , Halldorsdottir Osk , Bækgaard Nielsen Ole 
Published: May 2021

AbstractAimThe skeletal muscle Cl− channels, the ClC‐1 channels, stabilize the resting membrane potential and dampen muscle fibre excitability. This study explored whether ClC‐1 inhibition can recover nerve‐stimulated force in isolated muscle under conditions of compromised neuromuscular transmission akin to disorders of myasthenia gravis and Lambert–Eaton syndrome.MethodsNerve‐muscle preparations were isolated from rats. Preparations were exposed to pre‐or post‐synaptic inhibitors (ω‐agatoxin, elevated extracellular Mg2+, α‐bungarotoxin or tubocurarine). The potential of ClC‐1 inhibition (9‐AC or reduced extracellular Cl−) to recover nerve‐stimulated force under these conditions was assessed.ResultsClC‐1 inhibition recovered force in both slow‐twitch soleus and fast‐twitch EDL muscles exposed to 0.2 µmol/L tubocurarine or 3.5 mmol/L Mg2+. Similarly, ClC‐1 inhibition recovered force in soleus muscles exposed to α‐bungarotoxin or ω‐agatoxin. Moreover, the concentrations of tubocurarine and Mg2+ required for reducing force to 50% rose from 0.14 ± 0.02 µmol/L and 4.2 ± 0.2 mmol/L in control muscles to 0.45 ± 0.03 µmol/L and 4.7 ± 0.3 mmol/L in muscles with 9‐AC respectively (P < .05, paired T test). Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (neostigmine) and inhibition of voltage‐gated K+ channels (4‐AP) relieve symptoms in myasthenia gravis and Lambert–Eaton syndrome, respectively. Neostigmine and 9‐AC additively increased the tubocurarine concentration required to reduce nerve‐stimulated force to 50% (0.56 ± 0.05 µmol/L with 9‐AC and neostigmine) and, similarly, 4‐AP and 9‐AC additively increased the Mg2+ concentration required to reduce nerve‐stimulated force to 50% (6.5 ± 0.2 mmol/L with 9‐AC and 4‐AP).ConclusionThis study shows that ClC‐1 inhibition can improve neuromuscular function in pharmacological models of compromised neuromuscular transmission.
Ca2+ mishandling in heart failure: Potential targets
Authors: Val‐Blasco Almudena , Gil‐Fernández Marta , Rueda Angélica , Pereira Laetitia , Delgado Carmen , Smani Tarik , Ruiz Hurtado Gema , Fernández‐Velasco Maria 
Published: May 2021

AbstractCa2+ mishandling is a common feature in several cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure (HF). In many cases, impairment of key players in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis has been identified as the underlying mechanism of cardiac dysfunction and cardiac arrhythmias associated with HF. In this review, we summarize primary novel findings related to Ca2+ mishandling in HF progression. HF research has increasingly focused on the identification of new targets and the contribution of their role in Ca2+ handling to the progression of the disease. Recent research studies have identified potential targets in three major emerging areas implicated in regulation of Ca2+ handling: the innate immune system, bone metabolism factors and post‐translational modification of key proteins involved in regulation of Ca2+ handling. Here, we describe their possible contributions to the progression of HF.
Kv7 channel trafficking by the microtubule network in vascular smooth muscle
Authors: Jepps Thomas A. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractIn arterial smooth muscle cells, changes in availability of integral membrane proteins influence the regulation of blood flow and blood pressure, which is critical for human health. However, the mechanisms that coordinate the trafficking and membrane expression of specific receptors and ion channels in vascular smooth muscle are poorly understood. In the vasculature, very little is known about microtubules, which form a road network upon which proteins can be transported to and from the cell membrane. This review article summarizes the impact of the microtubule network on arterial contractility, highlighting the importance of the network, with an emphasis on our recent findings regarding the trafficking of the voltage‐dependent Kv7 channels.
How shall we all live together?: Meta‐analytical review of the mutual intercultural relations in plural societies project
Authors: Berry John W. , Lepshokova Zarina ,   MIRIPS Collaboration, Grigoryev Dmitry 
Published: May 2021

AbstractLiving together in culturally plural societies poses numerous challenges for members of ethnocultural groups and for the larger society. An important goal of these societies is to achieve positive intercultural relations among all their peoples. Successful management of these relations depends on many factors including a research‐based understanding of the historical, political, economic, religious and psychological features of the groups that are in contact. The core question is ‘how we shall we all live together?’ In the project reported in this paper (Mutual Intercultural Relations in Plural Societies; MIRIPS), we seek to provide such research by reviewing three core psychological hypotheses of intercultural relations (multiculturalism, contact and integration) in 21 culturally plural societies. The main goal of the project is to evaluate these hypotheses across societies within the MIRIPS project in order to identify if there are some basic psychological principles that underlie intercultural relations panculturally. If there are, the eventual goal is to employ the findings to propose some policies and programmes that may improve the quality of intercultural relationship globally. An internal meta‐analysis using the MIRIPS project data showed that the empirical findings from these societies generally support the validity of the three hypotheses. Implications for the development of policies and programmes to enhance the quality of intercultural relations are discussed.
Expecting better: Experimental investigations of the benefits of men's access to parental leave for anticipated well‐being
Authors: Moss‐Racusin Corinne A. , Sanzari Christina M. , Bogdan Emily , Nahabedian Delia , Brown Sophie S. 
Published: May 2021

AbstractWe conducted the first experimental tests of the impact of men's access to paid parental leave on anticipated well‐being among heterosexual men and women in the United States. Participants read a news article reporting that paid paternity leave was either likely or unlikely in the United States in the near future, completed a future life‐brainstorming task designed to make this scenario more salient, and reported anticipated outcomes pertaining to well‐being (predicted relationship satisfaction, positive and negative emotions, and life satisfaction). Results from an online sample (Experiment 1, N = 694) revealed that both men and women predicted more positive outcomes when they believed paid paternity leave would (vs. would not) exist. In contrast, results from students (Experiment 2, N = 199) revealed that women predicted better outcomes in the leave (vs. no leave) condition, while men predicted consistently positive outcomes regardless of condition. Looking at the interaction the other way, paternity leave closed a gender gap in anticipated well‐being favoring men. Exploratory analyses revealed that students anticipated increased relationship gender equality in division of labor as a result of paternity leave, but only in gender counter‐stereotypic domains (i.e., paid work outside the home for women; unpaid childcare and housework for men).