bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF CITRULLUS LANATUS PULP ON SCOPOLAMINE INDUCED COGNITIVE DYSFUNCTION IN SWISS ALBINO MICE
Authors: N DIVYA 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Amnesia is a medical condition involving the loss of memory. The memory loss is attributed to a number of illnesses or factors including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and dementia, amnesia is often caused by head injury, brain trauma, or brain surgery. The incidence of amnesia affects only a small percent of the world’s population, the relevant study is becoming increasingly important with the rising numbers of people with AD. Alzheimer’s is predicted to strike 34 million people globally by 2025 and 14 million within the U.S. alone over subsequent 40 years.
Methods: The study the possible protective effect of aqueous extract of Citrullus lanatus pulp (ACL) using scopolamine-induced amnesia in Swiss Albino mice. The mice were divided randomly into six groups each of five mice (n=5). Groups IV, V, and VI received mice feed and ACL 25%, 50%, and 100% instead of water for 21 days. Mice of Groups I, II, and III were treated with mice feed and water ad libitum. The animals were subjected to a single dose of scopolamine (1 mg/kg b.wt. ip) except in Group I on the 21st day 60 min after respective drug administration and observed for the effects in brain activity for the learning and memory. The behavioral parameters such as passive avoidance, Morris water maze, Y-Maze, and elevated plus maze were used as a tool for cognitive dysfunction study.
Results: The ACL significantly reversed the scopolamine induced amnesia in mice. This is evident as C. lanatus is rich in lycopene content. The experimental models demonstrated that all the concentration of ACL treated mice showed remarkable results in restoring the effect of amnesia induced by scopolamine.
Conclusion: To concise, these results suggest that ACL may exhibit protective effect on the brain to reverse the scopolamine induced amnesia. Further, it can be explored extracting the lycopene content of watermelon.
DO INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT DEPLOY RELIABLE AMMUNITION FOR COVID-19 MASS TEST? A COMPARISON OF REAL-TIME PCR KITS
Authors: MARISSA NELLY , SALMIATY  , HANUM SARI , FEBRIANSYAH EVAN , RAMADHAN NUR , YULIDAR  , HADIFAH ZAIN , PRANATA AGUNG 
Published: May 2021

Objective: This study aimed to compare the level of reliability of three commercial real-time PCR kits in determining clinical samples.
Methods: A total of 40 swabs samples which were previously tested positive, were re-test using the BioCov-19 RT-PCR kit, Sansure coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) nucleic acid diagnostic kit, and Kogen PowerCheck with Thermocycler (Roche). The amplification procedure is carried out based on the manual for each kit.
Results: Sansure COVID-19 nucleic acid diagnostic was able to detect 40 samples with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) results detected in both genes, while the PowerChek™ 2019-nCoV real-time PCR kit able to detect 35 samples showed that SARS-COV-II was detected in both genes, and the BioCoV-19 RT-PCR Kit brand kit able to detect 34 samples showed positive SARS-COV-2 results in both genes.
Conclusion: The three commercial kits show great ability detection, so that they can be used to detect the presence of SARS-COV-II in clinical samples, and also in mass screening.
ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF HYPERTENSIVE CHANGES IN ELDERLY PATIENTS OF ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
Authors: BEHERA BIJAYA KUMAR , MOHANTY RAKESH , JENA SUKANTA KUMAR , BEHERA SUSANTA SEKHAR 
Published: May 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the echocardiographic changes and cardiovascular complications in patients with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH).
Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study done in the Departments of General Medicine, Cardiology, and Radiodiagnosis of MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India. Seventy patients above the age of 65 years with systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg, without any secondary causes of hypertension and antihypertensive drug therapy were selected for this study. Echocardiography and electrocardiography studies were implemented for demonstrating the development of cardiovascular complications.
Results: Of 70 cases (41 males and 29 females), 64.3% were asymptomatic and 35.7% were symptomatic, with palpitation being the major symptom, 40% (28 cases) developed retinopathy, 45.71% developed increased left ventricular mass index (p=0.04), 18.57% had increased in LV volume (>90 ml/m2), 30% cases had regional wall motion abnormalities, 27.1% had reduced ejection fraction (<56%), and 52.66% showed LA enlargement in this study (p=0.048). Doppler measurements of diastolic filling were significant in patients with ISH with higher peak atrial velocity (A wave) of 79.71±11.79 cm/s and a lower ratio of peak early to atrial velocity of 0.82±0.29.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates that elderly patients with ISH had a prevalence of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) which was found to be more in female patients than in male patients followed by left atrial enlargement.
COMPARATIVE IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHYL ACETATE AND ETHANOL EXTRACTS OF CALLICARPA MACROPHYLLA
Authors: N SHARMA GANESH , KAUR HARJINDER , SHRIVASTAVA BIRENDRA , CHANDER ARORA SATISH 
Published: May 2021

Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare the antioxidant activity of (EA and E) ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of (CM) Callicarpa macrophylla.
Methods: The physiochemical parameters were assessed according to guidelines given by the world health organization. The total content of phenols and flavonoids was assessed by Folin–Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods. In vitro, antioxidant activity was screened by (DPPH) 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl and(H2O2) hydrogen peroxide scavenging and reducing power assay.
Results: The physicochemical parameters fulfilled the standards of WHO guidelines. Total phenol and flavonoid content were more in ethanol extract as compared to ethyl acetate extract of CM. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract was further high as compared to ethyl acetate extract of Callicarpa macrophylla. The IC50 of Callicarpa macrophylla ethanol extract was less than the ethyl acetate extract. So, more antioxidant activity of ethanol extract compared to ethyl acetate extract of CM.
Conclusion: Overall, both the extracts showed antioxidant activity and can be used further for diseases that can be managed using antioxidants. Ethanol extract possessed significant antioxidant effects than the ethyl acetate extract.
PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND TOXICITY OF STINGLESS BEE PROPOLIS FROM VARIOUS PROVINCES IN INDONESIA
Authors: MAHANI MAHANI , SYIDIK JAFAR , ZAIDA ZAIDA , SULAEMAN AHMAD , HARDINSYAH HARDINSYAH , NURJANAH NUNUNG 
Published: May 2021

Objective: The main objectives of the research are to determine the phytochemical content and toxicity of stingless bee propolis from various provinces in Indonesia.
Methods: Phytochemical testing of alkaloids and triterpenoids on propolis used a qualitative method, while for testing phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins using quantitative methods. Then, to test the toxicity of stingless bee propolis using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method.
Results: Propolis with the highest alkaloid and triterpenoid content is Central Java propolis from Tetragonula laeviceps species. Then, propolis with the highest total flavonoid content is South Sulawesi propolis of Tetragonula biroi species. Propolis with the highest total tannin content and total phenolic content is South Sulawesi propolis from Geniotrigona incise species. Propolis with the highest toxicity is Banten propolis from T. laeviceps species.
Conclusion: Stingless bee propolis from various provinces in Indonesia contains various phytochemicals and toxicities. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between total flavonoid content and propolis toxicity.
THE STATE OF ANXIETY, DEPRESSION, AND STRESS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WITH CONFIRMED COVID-19 INFECTION
Authors: MITRA SUBHASIS , MITRA DALIA , DUTTA ABHIJIT 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: In the past few months, the COVID-19 pandemic has drastically invaded the globe with its high infectivity. In this situation, people’s mental health is of utmost importance but poorly reported, especially in patients. We conducted this cross-sectional study among laboratory-confirmed hospitalized patients to evaluate the burden of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms.
Methods: We used depression, anxiety and stress scale 21 (DASS-21) to evaluate respective mental health components. A total of 114 hospitalized patients participated in this study. Of which, 65.79% were male patients.
Results: The reported depression, anxiety, and stress were 77.2%, 84.2%, and 54.4%, respectively. An inverse relationship of the total DASS-21 score was found with the age of the participants.
Conclusion: Such a high prevalence of mental health outcome suggests the need for further evaluation and addressing the problem with immediate concern.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE TABLET USING MARDI GUM
Authors: M KUMARE MANGESH , R SHENDARKAR GIRIDHAR 
Published: May 2021

Objective: The present research work was to develop and evaluate alprazolam sustained release tablet using Mardi gum, a comparative study on binding properties of gum and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was performed.
Methods: Formulation of alprazolam tablets (f1–f6) was done by direct compression method using 15%, 30%, and 45% concentration of gum as a natural binder, and HPMC was used as synthetic matrix forming agent. Microcrystalline cellulose was used as diluents, talc, and magnesium stearate as a lubricant and PVP K30 as the binder. The formulated batches were evaluated for parameters such as tablet thickness, % friability, hardness, weight variation, and in vitro drug release characteristics. The release information was fitted into different dynamics models to decide the release mechanism of the drug.
Results: The results showed that all the parameters of the developed tablets (f1–f6) were in fulfillment with pharmacopeia limits. In vitro, drug release studies showed that formulation f1 had most controlled and sustained manner releaser with maximum drug release of 97.89±0.52% in 18 h with comparison to f2–f4 and f6 drug release is 98.12±0.55%, 97.24±0.57%, 98.16±0.74%, and 97.26±0.35%, respectively, in 16 h and f5 giving 97.89±0.85% release in 14 h.
Conclusion: On the basis of obtained result, it can be concluded that Mardi gum can be used to sustain the drug release as a natural polymer in tablet dosage form.
SCRUB TYPHUS INFECTION AMONG PUO CASES IN THE PEDIATRIC POPULATION IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: A ANUPRIYA , B RAJKUMAR , N PRABHUSARAN , BANTHAVI S PRIYA 
Published: May 2021

Objectives: Scrub typhus is an acute, febrile, exanthematous illness. This disease is underdiagnosed in India due to its non-specific and varied clinical presentation, low index of suspicion among clinicians, and lack of diagnostic facilities. This study was carried out to know the seroprevalence of scrub typhus in children with PUO and to compare a rapid test with IgM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the diagnosis of scrub typhus.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted for a period of 1 year. The study population comprised mainly 280 young children attending pediatric OP and in patients admitted to a tertiary care teaching hospital with fever and related symptoms. The serum samples were tested for Weil-Felix reaction, IgM ELISA, and rapid card test.
Results: The mean age group of the study population was 7–9 years, of which 20 cases were positive. The major predisposing factor for scrub typhus infection was vegetation around houses. The sensitivity and specificity of both, card test and IgM ELISA, were 100%.
Conclusion: In this study, 7.1% of febrile children were positive for scrub typhus. Leptospirosis, dengue, and typhoid were the common coinfections found in scrub typhus, positive children. Early identification of cases and treatment at the earliest will prevent complications.
ANALYSIS OF MEDICINAL PROPERTIES OF VIGNA ACONITIFOLIA (MATKI)
Authors: PANICKER SUNEETA , HAMDULE ANAM 
Published: May 2021

Objective: The seeds and sprouts of matki bean (Vigna aconitifolia), a common food, contain abundant nutrients with biological activities. This work was focused to analyze and compare the medicinal properties of seeds and sprouts of matki beans, with the goal of providing scientific evidence for better application of this commonly used food as a medicine.
Methods: Using Soxhlet apparatus, ethanol extracts of matki bean sprouts and seeds were prepared. Anti-inflammatory activity (inhibition of protein denaturation, inhibition of heat induced hemolysis, and inhibition of protease activity), antioxidant activity, and antihypertensive activity were determined for both sprout and seed extracts.
Results: The anti-inflammatory activity of sprout ethanol extract was found to be highest. Sprout ethanol extract inhibited the activity angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE1) which was maximum as compared to seed extracts. Same was observed for the antioxidant activity, sprout ethanol extract showed higher activity than the seed extract.
Conclusion: The results of the present study will help us to use Vigna aconitifolia as a healthy herbal alternative for the existing chemical remedies for various disorders and rule out the issue of side effects and resistance.
THE EFFECT OF ANTICONVULSANT DRUGS ON SERUM THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE
Authors: T T NEETHU , S SYAM , V BEENA , S P DHANYA 
Published: May 2021

Objective: Antiepileptic (AED) drugs are an integral component of the management of seizure disorder; however, they have a wide spectrum of adverse effects. It is important to be aware of these side effects as they have a major impact on the quality of life and are sometimes partially reversible after drug discontinuation. Among them, the influence of AED on thyroid function is an important one. However, there is only limited data available. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of AED on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 1-year duration (march 2017 – march 2018) was conducted among 150 epileptic patients receiving phenytoin, carbamazepine, and sodium valproate for more than 6 months in a tertiary care center in central Kerala. Serum levels of TSH of patients on AED were compared with that of 50 healthy age- and sex-matched control groups. Data regarding the same were analyzed using SPSS version 16 with the Chi-square test, ANOVA, and independent t-test.
Results: A total of 150 epileptic patients with a mean age of 35.54 + 10.72, including 66 males (44%) and 84 females (56%) were enrolled in this study. Fifty adults of mean age 36.5+ 8.4 and male to female ratio 1.10:1 formed the control group. It was found that the mean TSH value of patients on phenytoin (3.97+ 1.47), carbamazepine (3.57+ 1.44), and sodium valproate 3.03 + 1.41 significantly higher than that of the control group (1.91 + 0.72). On comparing the mean serum TSH of the drug group significant difference noted between phenytoin and sodium valproate treated group. Among the 12 patients develop subclinical hypothyroidism 65% taking drugs for more than 5 years.
Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between the use of anticonvulsants and thyroid dysfunction and the association increases with the duration of therapy. The clinicians should be encouraged for regular monitoring of thyroid function test to impart a better quality of life to the patients.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF 17-Β ESTRADIOL IN POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES
Authors: KOGA ADRIANA YURIKO , CARLETTO BRUNA , LIPINSKI LEANDRO CAVALCANTE , KLEIN TRAUDI , FARAGO PAULO VITOR 
Published: May 2021

Objective: A simple high-performace liquid chromatography method was developed and validated to determine 17-β estradiol in poly (ε-caprolactone) nanocapsules.
Methods: The chromatographic conditions were as follows: C18 GL column with a mobile phase of acetonitrile:water (92:8 v/v) at flow rate of 1.5 mL/min with detection at 280 nm. The evaluated parameters were specificity, linearity, limits of detection and quantification, precision, accuracy, and robustness.
Results: The method was specific and linear (r=0.9982). The limits of detection and quantification were 5.78 μg.mL-1 and 17.54 μg.mL-1, respectively. Suitable accurancy and robustness were obtained. The stability assay showed that pH variation occured after 120 days of storage, and no changes were observed regarding the size and polydispersion parameters. The applicability of the method was evaluated by determining the encapsulation efficiency of the E2 nanocapsules after 120 days of storage. The results showed values >99%.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated the applicability of the developed and validated analytical method.
PROCESS OF ORLISTAT-LOADED CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES USING BOX–BEHNKEN DESIGN – AN EVALUATION STUDY
Authors: BR SRINIVAS MURTHY , YELAVARTHI PRASANNA RAJU , N DEVANNA 
Published: May 2021

Objective: High lipophilicity and extensive hepatic metabolism limit oral application of orlistat in obesity treatment. Orlistat-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (CONPs) were optimized by 3-factor 3-level Box–Behnken design (BBD) and surfaced engineered to address limitations.
Methods: CONPs were prepared by ionic gelation method. Amounts of chitosan (X1), sodium tripoly phosphate (X2), and orlistat (X3) were selected as independent factors, whereas % entrapment efficiency (Y1) and % drug release (Y2) were employed as responses in BBD. Three-dimensional response surface plots were run to understand the main interaction and quadratic effects of independent variables. Further optimized formulation was surface engineered by Eudragit L-100 (ECONPs) and characterized by FTIR, DSC, XRD, particle size, zeta potential, and SEM. Entrapment efficiency, release kinetics, stability, and in vitro cell line studies were carried out.
Results: ECONPs were produced with an average size of 534.6 nm, zeta potential of +5.7 mV, EE of 78.62%, and DR of 80.86%. Eudragit coated CONPs anchored the release of orlistat at pH 6.8 desirable for duodenal targeting. Orlistat was released with low, burst, and sustained release manner over 24 h period followed first-order kinetics with Higuchi model with drug content of 84.87% and 78.44% of release. ECONPs possessed lipase inhibition with IC50 value of 8.0 μg/ml and viability against selected cell lines with CTC50 values (26.32–32.21 μg/ml).
Conclusion: BBD was a promising tool in elucidating the insights of formulation variables of CONPs. ECONPs fulfilled the rationale of orlistat release, lipase inhibition, and viability against selected cell lines.
WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF LEMON PEPPER ESSENTIAL OIL IN BURN WOUND OF WISTAR RAT
Authors: PURNAMA DEWI , GINTING CHRISMIS NOVALINDA , CHIUMAN LINDA , KHU ADRIAN 
Published: May 2021

Objective: The purpose of the study was to investigate the acceleration of the wound healing properties from lemon pepper’s essential oil as the lemon pepper’s ointment.
Methods: There were 20 Wistar rats as an animal trial divided into four sample groups, including control (ointment base), standard (Nebacetin®), 5% lemon pepper, and 10% lemon pepper ointment, and all groups were injured by electric soldier for 10 s. The wound contraction and epithelialization period were the parameters of wound healing activity.
Result: Wound contraction as the parameter of wound healing showed significant difference between the standard and lemon pepper ointment (p<0.05). The lemon pepper ointment groups showed no significant wound contraction difference in each lemon pepper ointment concentration at the initial time of observation, however, it become more obvious at last period of observation. Furthermore, the epithelialization period did not showed any significant differences between standard, 5% or 10% lemon pepper ointment against the control group (p>0.05).
Conclusion: It can be concluded that the lemon pepper ointment had the potential to accelerate wound healing activity.
Metodologias... líquidas?
Authors: Soczek Daniel 
Published: May 2021

RESUMO O objetivo deste texto é apresentar elementos de uma pesquisa em construção sobre as possibilidades de aplicação de metodologias imersivas na Educação Básica. Justifica-se tal discussão tendo em vista que, atualmente, a difusão crescente e contínua de tecnologias e acesso às mesmas por estudantes de ensino médio, para além da sala de aula, tem se constituído como um desafio nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem. A hipótese deste texto parte da ideia de que existe uma preocupação centrada nos meios técnicos em detrimento de uma discussão focada em conteúdos e formação humanista. O diálogo com pensadores como Marx, Gramsci e Adorno, por exemplo, podem ajudar a (re)pensar essa discussão. As reflexões aqui realizadas, na perspectiva metodológica histórico-crítica, apontam para a necessidade de repensar o uso das novas metodologias no contexto educacional contemporâneo. Palavras-chave: Metodologias imersivas. Formação do professor. Emancipação humana. ABSTRACT The goal of this paper is to present elements of a research under construction about the possibilities of applying immersive methodologies in Basic Education. This discussion is justified by considering that, currently, the continuous and increasing diffusion of technologies and access to them by high school students, beyond the classroom, has been a challenge in the teaching and learning processes. The hypothesis of this text starts from the idea that there is a concern centered on technical means rather than a discussion focused on content and humanist formation. The dialogue with thinkers such as Marx, Gramsci, and Adorno, for example, may help (re) think this discussion. The reflections made here, from the historical-critical methodological perspective, point to the need to rethink the use of new methodologies in the contemporary educational context. Keywords: Immersive methodologies. Teacher education. Human emancipation. RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar elementos de una investigación en construcción sobre las posibilidades de aplicar metodologías inmersivas en la Educación Básica. Tal discusión se justifica considerándose que, actualmente, la difusión creciente y continua de tecnologías y el acceso a ellas por parte de los estudiantes de secundaria, más allá del aula, ha sido un desafío en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. La hipótesis de este texto parte de la idea de que existe una preocupación centrada en los medios técnicos en detrimento de una discusión apoyada en contenidos y formación humanistas. El diálogo con pensadores como Marx, Gramsci y Adorno, por ejemplo, puede ayudar a (re)pensar esa discusión. Las reflexiones hechas aquí, desde la perspectiva metodológica histórico-crítica, señalan la necesidad de repensar el uso de nuevas metodologías en el contexto educativo contemporáneo. Palabras-clave: Metodologías inmersivas. Formación docente. Emancipación humana