bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The psychometric evaluation of the sense of belonging instrument (SOBI) with Iranian older adults
Authors: Allen Kelly-Ann , Arslan Gökmen , Craig Heather , Arefi Sedigheh , Yaghoobzadeh Ameneh , Sharif Nia Hamid 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
A sense of belonging is a significant predictor of mental health and well-being in later life. A sense of belonging in childhood and adolescence contributes to a number of adult behavioural and psychological outcomes. A high sense of belonging has been associated with better health, longevity, psychological well-being, and disease recovery.

Methods
In this study, the Persian version of the Sense of Belonging Instrument (SOBI) for older adults in Iran was evaluated psychometrically to develop an accurate measure for belonging. Participants in the study were 302 older adults, 60 years old and above, living independently in Iran and chosen through convenience sampling.

Results
An exploratory factor analysis indicated that the four-factor structure, which included 16 items, accounted for 54.12% of the total variance, and was characterized by strong factor loadings, with values ranging from .50 to .87. Thereafter, a confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four-factor latent structure of the SOBI, providing adequate data-model fit statistics. All latent structures were characterized by adequate-to-strong latent construct (H) internal reliability (α) coefficients.

Conclusions
The Persian version of the SOBI is a useful tool in understanding older adult patients’ sense of belonging when living independently within the community. The implications for practice and research are discussed.
Prevalence and factors related to urinary incontinence in older adults women worldwide: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Batmani Sedighe , Jalali Rostam , Mohammadi Masoud , Bokaee Shadi 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Urinary incontinence is a common condition in the general population and, in particular, the older adults population, which reduces the quality of life of these people, so this study aims to systematically examine and meta-analyse the overall prevalence of urinary incontinence in older women around the world and the related and influential factors.

Methods
This report is a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the findings of research on urinary incontinence in older adults people across the world through looking for MEDLINE, Cochrane Library Sciencedirect, Embase, Scopus, ProQuest and Persian databases, namely iranmedex, magiran, and SID from January 2000 to April 2020, the heterogeneity of the experiments was measured using the I2 index and the data processing was done in the Systematic Meta-Analysis programme.

Results
In 29 studies and the sample size of 518,465 people in the age range of 55–106 years, urinary incontinence in older adults’ women in the world based on a meta-analysis of 37.1% (95% CI: 29.6–45.4%) was obtained. The highest prevalence of urinary incontinence was reported in older adults’ women in Asia with 45.1% (95% CI: 36.9–53.5%). Meta-regression also showed that with increasing the sample size and year of the study, the overall prevalence of urinary incontinence in the older adults women of the world decreased and increased, respectively, which were statistically significant differences (P <  0.05). According to studies, the most important factors influencing the incidence of urinary incontinence in older women are women’s age (p <  0.001), obesity (p <  0.001), diabetes (p <  0.001), women’s education (p <  0.001), delivery rank (p <  0.001), hypertension (p <  0.001), smoking (p <  0.001). They also have urinary tract infections (p <  0.001).

Conclusion
Given the high prevalence of urinary incontinence in older women around the world, health policy makers must consider control and diagnostic measures in older women and prioritize treatment and rehabilitation activities.
Management of Comprehensive Care of multiple-birth infants from fetal to infancy period: challenges, training, strategies
Authors: Changiz Tahereh , Namnabati Mahboobeh 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Prematurity escalates the crisis of the infants a susceptible group of the society. Multiple delivery further intensifies the susceptibility of both family and health system. A comprehensive care is, thus, necessary to ensure the optimal growth and development of such multiple-births. Accompanied by trainings, challenges, and strategies, the present study was conducted based on a two-year report of comprehensive care management experience on two sets of multiple infants.

Methods
A qualitative case study approach was used to survey these two sets of premature infants (quadruplet and quintuplet) and their families. The data were collected through medical files, interviews, questionnaire, field presence, phone call and WhatsApp application, and continued follow-ups. Content analysis was performed based on survey and interventions during a period of two years in Isfahan, Iran (2018–2020).

Results
Case presentation and comprehensive care management are the main areas resulted from this study. The results of the study were categorized in eight challenging areas (categories) and strategies including sterility and infertility period, transition from the intrauterine to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), discharge process, physical and developmental status, home visit and home care, development of care plan, socio-economic support, and coronavirus nightmare.

Conclusion
Based on challenges and strategies during these two years, the situation of the multiple-birth infants and their families’ needs should be identified as the first prerequisites in an inter-professional approach and in collaboration with the health providers. Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Welfare Organization, and the charities were the parties involved with this process in our study. It was also found that developing a separate specific package of comprehensive care management plan for multiple-births is a necessity.
Socioeconomic, demographic and healthcare determinants of the COVID-19 pandemic: an ecological study of Spain
Authors: García Carlos Navarro 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed a major challenge to health, economic and political systems around the world. Understanding the socioeconomic, demographic and health determinants affecting the pandemic is of interest to stakeholders. The purpose of this ecological study is to analyse the effect of the different socioeconomic, demographic and healthcare determinants on the mortality rate and estimated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 first wave in the Spanish regions.

Methods
From the available data of the 17 Spanish regions (Autonomous Communities), we have carried out an ecological study through multivariate linear regression using ordinary least squares. To do this, we conducted an analysis using two distinct dependent variables: the logarithm of mortality rate per 1,000,000 inhabitants and the estimated cumulative incidence. The study has 12 explanatory variables.

Results
After applying the backward stepwise multivariate analysis, we obtained a model with nine significant variables at different levels for mortality rate and a model with seven significant variables for estimated cumulative incidence. Among them, six variables are statistically significant and of the same sign in both models: “Nursing homes beds”, “Proportion of care homes over 100 beds”, “Log GDP per capita”, “Aeroplane passengers”, “Proportion of urban people”, and the dummy variable “Island region”.

Conclusions
The different socioeconomic, demographic and healthcare determinants of each region have a significant effect on the mortality rate and estimated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in territories where the measures initially adopted to control the pandemic have been identical.
Early postoperative clinical recovery of robotic arm-assisted vs. image-based navigated Total hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Shibanuma Nao , Ishida Kazunari , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Takayama Koji , Sanada Yutaro , Kurosaka Masahiro , Kuroda Ryosuke , Hayashi Shinya 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
This study compared the early clinical recovery of total hip arthroplasty (THA) using computer navigation systems (nTHA) and robotic arm-assisted THA (rTHA).

Methods
Thirty prospective subjects who underwent rTHA were clinically compared to 30 subjects who underwent nTHA. Clinical data (surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, pain severity, number of days to independent walking, and Harris Hip Score (HHS) at discharge), and radiographic parameters (inclination and anteversion angles) were statistically compared between the two groups.

Results
Follow-up times were 24.3 ± 6.0 and 27.0 ± 7.0 days in the rTHA and nTHA groups, respectively. The surgical time (135.1 ± 13.9 min vs. 146.2 ± 12.8 min, p = 0.002), number of days to independent walking (7.2 ± 2.0 vs. 11.5 ± 3.0 days, p < 0.001), and postoperative pain using a numeric rating scale on postoperative days 7, 10,, and 14 (1.4 ± 0.9 vs. 2.2 ± 1.2, p = 0.005; 1.0 ± 0.8 vs. 1.8 ± 1.1, p = 0.002; 0.3 ± 0.5 vs. 1.1 ± 0.9, p < 0.001; respectively) were significantly reduced in the rTHA group compared to the nTHA group. The rTHA group showed a significantly higher postoperative HHS compared to the nTHA group (85.3 ± .3.2 vs. 81.0 ± 8.5, p = 0.014). No statistically significant difference was observed in radiographic parameters between the groups; however, the incidence of intraoperative target angle changes was significantly lower in the rTHA group than in the nTHA group (0/30 subjects [0%] vs. 11/30 subjects [36.7%], p < 0.001).

Conclusion
The surgical time, postoperative pain, and number of days to independent walking were significantly shorter, and the HHS at discharge was significantly higher in the rTHA group than in the nTHA group. Thus, compared to the nTHA group, the rTHA group showed improved early clinical recovery.
Deep learning-based six-type classifier for lung cancer and mimics from histopathological whole slide images: a retrospective study
Authors: Yang Huan , Chen Lili , Cheng Zhiqiang , Yang Minglei , Wang Jianbo , Lin Chenghao , Wang Yuefeng , Huang Leilei , Chen Yangshan , Peng Sui , Ke Zunfu , Li Weizhong 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy put forward higher demands for accurate lung cancer classification, as well as benign versus malignant disease discrimination. Digital whole slide images (WSIs) witnessed the transition from traditional histopathology to computational approaches, arousing a hype of deep learning methods for histopathological analysis. We aimed at exploring the potential of deep learning models in the identification of lung cancer subtypes and cancer mimics from WSIs.

Methods
We initially obtained 741 WSIs from the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (SYSUFH) for the deep learning model development, optimization, and verification. Additional 318 WSIs from SYSUFH, 212 from Shenzhen People’s Hospital, and 422 from The Cancer Genome Atlas were further collected for multi-centre verification. EfficientNet-B5- and ResNet-50-based deep learning methods were developed and compared using the metrics of recall, precision, F1-score, and areas under the curve (AUCs). A threshold-based tumour-first aggregation approach was proposed and implemented for the label inferencing of WSIs with complex tissue components. Four pathologists of different levels from SYSUFH reviewed all the testing slides blindly, and the diagnosing results were used for quantitative comparisons with the best performing deep learning model.

Results
We developed the first deep learning-based six-type classifier for histopathological WSI classification of lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, pulmonary tuberculosis, organizing pneumonia, and normal lung. The EfficientNet-B5-based model outperformed ResNet-50 and was selected as the backbone in the classifier. Tested on 1067 slides from four cohorts of different medical centres, AUCs of 0.970, 0.918, 0.963, and 0.978 were achieved, respectively. The classifier achieved high consistence to the ground truth and attending pathologists with high intraclass correlation coefficients over 0.873.

Conclusions
Multi-cohort testing demonstrated our six-type classifier achieved consistent and comparable performance to experienced pathologists and gained advantages over other existing computational methods. The visualization of prediction heatmap improved the model interpretability intuitively. The classifier with the threshold-based tumour-first label inferencing method exhibited excellent accuracy and feasibility in classifying lung cancers and confused nonneoplastic tissues, indicating that deep learning can resolve complex multi-class tissue classification that conforms to real-world histopathological scenarios.
New classifications of axillary lymph nodes and their anatomical-clinical correlations in breast surgery
Authors: Cirocchi Roberto , Amabile Maria Ida , De Luca Alessandro , Frusone Federico , Tripodi Domenico , Gentile Patrizia , Tabola Renata , Pironi Daniele , Forte Flavio , Monti Massimo , D’Andrea Vito , Sorrenti Salvatore 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
In the last decade, two research groups, the French group by Clough et al. (Br J Surg. 97:1659–65, 2010) and the Chinese one by Li et al. (ISRN Oncol 2013:279013, 2013), proposed two types of classification of axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer, identifying novel anatomic landmarks for dividing the axillary space in lymph node dissection.

Main body
Knowledge of the exact location of the sentinel node helps to focus the surgical dissection and to reduce the morbidity of sentinel lymph node biopsy procedures, in particular the risk of arm lymphedema, without compromising sensitivity.

Conclusion
In this article, we aimed at focusing on the clinical impact that the most recent classifications of axillary lymph nodes have obtained in literature, highlighting the importance of defining new demarcations to preserve the axillary lymph nodes as much as possible in breast surgery.
Aquaporin 3 promotes human extravillous trophoblast migration and invasion
Authors: Nong Yingqi , Li Shifen , Liu Wenjuan , Zhang Xiqian , Fan Lin , Chen Ye , Huang Qianwen , Zhang Qianyu , Liu Fenghua 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Problem
Does aquaporin 3 (AQP3) affect the migration and invasion of human extravillous trophoblast (HTR8/Svneo) cells?

Method of study
A lentivirus infection system was used to construct stable cell lines with either AQP3 knockdown or overexpression. RT-PCR and western blotting were used to verify the efficiencies of AQP3 knockdown or overexpression in HTR8/Svneo cells at mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Cell Counting Kit-8 and flow cytometry assays were used to detect the influence of AQP3 knockdown or overexpression on proliferation and apoptosis of HTR8/Svneo cells. In addition, wound healing and Transwell invasion assays were used to detect the effects of AQP3 knockdown or overexpression on migration and invasion capabilities of HTR8/Svneo cells. An Agilent gene chip was used to screen for significant differentially expressed genes after AQP3 knockdown. Finally, mechanisms by which AQP3 influences the migration and invasion of HTR8/Svneo cells were explored using bioinformatic analysis.

Results
Compared with controls, migration and invasion capabilities of HTR8/Svneo cells were significantly reduced after AQP3 knockdown, and significantly increased after AQP3 overexpression. Subsequent bioinformatic analysis of gene chip expression profiles indicated downregulation of genes related to adhesion such as PDGF-B, as well as signaling pathways (such as PIK3/AKT, NF-κB, and TNF) after AQP3 knockdown.

Conclusions
AQP3 could significantly promote migration and invasion capabilities of human extravillous trophoblasts, it may mediate embryo invasion and adhesion to endometrium by regulating PDGF-B, PIK3/AKT signaling pathways, although this requires further verification.
Human DNA decays faster with time than viral dsDNA: an analysis on HPV16 using pathology archive samples spanning 85 years
Authors:   the RIS HPV TT study groups, Nicolás-Párraga Sara , Torres Montserrat , Alemany Laia , Félix Ana , Cruz Eugenia , de Sanjosé Silvia , Bosch Francesc Xavier , Bravo Ignacio G. 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Quality of the nucleic acids extracted from Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded (FFPE) samples largely depends on pre-analytic, fixation and storage conditions. We assessed the differential sensitivity of viral and human double stranded DNA (dsDNA) to degradation with storage time.

Methods
We randomly selected forty-four HPV16-positive invasive cervical cancer (ICC) FFPE samples collected between 1930 and 1935 and between 2000 and 2004. We evaluated through qPCR the amplification within the same sample of two targets of the HPV16 L1 gene (69 bp, 134 bp) compared with two targets of the human tubulin-β gene (65 bp, 149 bp).

Results
Both viral and human, short and long targets were amplified from all samples stored for 15 years. In samples archived for 85 years, we observed a significant decrease in the ability to amplify longer targets and this difference was larger in human than in viral DNA: longer fragments were nine times (CI 95% 2.6–35.2) less likely to be recovered from human DNA compared with 1.6 times (CI 95% 1.1–2.2) for viral DNA.

Conclusions
We conclude that human and viral DNA show a differential decay kinetics in FFPE samples. The faster degradation of human DNA should be considered when assessing viral DNA prevalence in long stored samples, as HPV DNA detection remains a key biomarker of viral-associated transformation.
The rise and fall of global health issues: an arenas model applied to the COVID-19 pandemic shock
Authors: Smith Stephanie L. , Shiffman Jeremy , Shawar Yusra Ribhi , Shroff Zubin Cyrus 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
The global health agenda is ill-defined as an analytical construct, complicating attempts by scholars and proponents to make claims about the agenda status of issues. We draw on Kingdon’s definition of the agenda and Hilgartner and Bosk’s public arenas model to conceptualize the global health agenda as those subjects or problems to which collectivities of actors operating nationally and globally are paying serious attention at any given time. We propose an arenas model for global health agenda setting and illustrate its potential utility by assessing priority indicators in five arenas, including international aid, pharmaceutical industry, scientific research, news media and civil society. We then apply the model to illustrate how the status of established (HIV/AIDS), emergent (diabetes) and rising (Alzheimer’s disease) issues might be measured, compared and change in light of a pandemic shock (COVID-19).

Results
Coronavirus priority indicators rose precipitously in all five arenas in 2020, reflecting the kind of punctuation often caused by focusing events. The magnitude of change varied somewhat by arena, with the most pronounced shift in the global news media arena. Priority indicators for the other issues showed decreases of up to 21% and increases of up to 41% between 2019 and 2020, with increases suggesting that the agenda for global health issues expanded in some arenas in 2020— COVID-19 did not consistently displace priority for HIV/AIDS, diabetes or Alzheimer’s disease, though it might have for other issues.

Conclusions
We advance an arenas model as a novel means of addressing conceptual and measurement challenges that often undermine the validity of claims concerning the global health agenda status of problems and contributing causal factors. Our presentation of the model and illustrative analysis lays the groundwork for more systematic investigation of trends in global health agenda setting. Further specification of the model is needed to ensure accurate representation of vital national and transnational arenas and their interactions, applicability to a range of disease-specific, health systems, governance and policy issues, and sensitivity to subtler influences on global health agenda setting than pandemic shocks.
Comprehensive identification of somatic nucleotide variants in human brain tissue
Authors:   Brain Somatic Mosaicism Network, Wang Yifan , Bae Taejeong , Thorpe Jeremy , Sherman Maxwell A. , Jones Attila G. , Cho Sean , Daily Kenneth , Dou Yanmei , Ganz Javier , Galor Alon , Lobon Irene , Pattni Reenal , Rosenbluh Chaggai , Tomasi Simone , Tomasini Livia , Yang Xiaoxu , Zhou Bo , Akbarian Schahram , Ball Laurel L. , Bizzotto Sara , Emery Sarah B. , Doan Ryan , Fasching Liana , Jang Yeongjun , Juan David , Lizano Esther , Luquette Lovelace J. , Moldovan John B. , Narurkar Rujuta , Oetjens Matthew T. , Rodin Rachel E. , Sekar Shobana , Shin Joo Heon , Soriano Eduardo , Straub Richard E. , Zhou Weichen , Chess Andrew , Gleeson Joseph G. , Marquès-Bonet Tomas , Park Peter J. , Peters Mette A. , Pevsner Jonathan , Walsh Christopher A. , Weinberger Daniel R. , Vaccarino Flora M. , Moran John V. , Urban Alexander E. , Kidd Jeffrey M. , Mills Ryan E. , Abyzov Alexej 
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Background
Post-zygotic mutations incurred during DNA replication, DNA repair, and other cellular processes lead to somatic mosaicism. Somatic mosaicism is an established cause of various diseases, including cancers. However, detecting mosaic variants in DNA from non-cancerous somatic tissues poses significant challenges, particularly if the variants only are present in a small fraction of cells.

Results
Here, the Brain Somatic Mosaicism Network conducts a coordinated, multi-institutional study to examine the ability of existing methods to detect simulated somatic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in DNA mixing experiments, generate multiple replicates of whole-genome sequencing data from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, other brain regions, dura mater, and dural fibroblasts of a single neurotypical individual, devise strategies to discover somatic SNVs, and apply various approaches to validate somatic SNVs. These efforts lead to the identification of 43 bona fide somatic SNVs that range in variant allele fractions from ~ 0.005 to ~ 0.28. Guided by these results, we devise best practices for calling mosaic SNVs from 250× whole-genome sequencing data in the accessible portion of the human genome that achieve 90% specificity and sensitivity. Finally, we demonstrate that analysis of multiple bulk DNA samples from a single individual allows the reconstruction of early developmental cell lineage trees.

Conclusions
This study provides a unified set of best practices to detect somatic SNVs in non-cancerous tissues. The data and methods are freely available to the scientific community and should serve as a guide to assess the contributions of somatic SNVs to neuropsychiatric diseases.
COVID-19: underpowered randomised trials, or no randomised trials?
Authors: Fretheim Atle 
Published: March 2021

AbstractA recently published trial of face mask use to protect against COVID-19 demonstrated a key barrier to carrying out randomised trials in public health: the need for unattainably large sample sizes. For many public health interventions, the choice is not between sufficiently powered trials and underpowered trials, but between underpowered trials and no trials at all. Underpowered trials should be viewed as contributions to the larger body of evidence, alongside other studies of various sizes and designs, collectively assessed and synthesized in systematic reviews. Overemphasis on sample size calculation is probably more of a hindrance than a help to scientific progress.