bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mnemonic-Opto-Synaptic Transistor for In-Sensor Vision System
Authors: Han Joon-Kyu , Chung Young-Woo , Sim Jaeho , Yu Ji-Man , Lee Geon-Beom , Kim Sang-Hyeon , Choi Yang-Kyu 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
A mnemonic-opto-synaptic transistor (MOST) that has triple functions is demonstrated for an in-sensor vision system. It memorizes a photoresponsivity that corresponds to a synaptic weight as a memory cell, senses light as a photodetector, and performs weight updates as a synapse for machine vision with an artificial neural network (ANN). Herein the memory function added to a previous photodetecting device combined with a photodetector and a synapse provides a technical breakthrough for realizing in-sensor processing that is able to perform image sensing and signal processing in a sensor. A charge trap layer (CTL) was intercalated to gate dielectrics of a vertical pillar-shaped transistor for the memory function. Weight memorized in the CTL makes photoresponsivity tunable for real-time multiplication of the image with a memorized photoresponsivity matrix. Therefore, these multi-faceted features can allow in-sensor processing without external memory for the in-sensor vision system. In particular, the in-sensor vision system can enhance speed and energy efficiency compared to a conventional vision system due to the simultaneous preprocessing of massive data at sensor nodes prior to ANN nodes. Recognition of a simple pattern was demonstrated with full sets of the fabricated MOSTs. Furthermore, recognition of complex hand-written digits in the MNIST database was also demonstrated with software simulations.
Identification of Allosteric Fingerprints of Alpha-Synuclein Aggregates in Matrix Metalloprotease-1 and Substrate-Specific Virtual Screening with Single Molecule Insights
Authors: Kamboj Sumaer , Harms Chase , Wright Derek , Nash Anthony , Kumar Lokender , Klein-Seetharaman Judith , Sarkar Susanta K. 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) has implications in pathological protein aggregations in neurodegeneration. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are broad-spectrum proteases and cleave aSyn, leading to aggregation. Previously, we showed that allosteric communications between the two domains of MMP1 on collagen fibril and fibrin depend on substrates, activity, and ligands. Here we report quantification of allostery using single molecule measurements of MMP1 dynamics on aSyn-induced aggregates by calculating Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) between two dyes attached to the catalytic and hemopexin domains of MMP1. The two domains of MMP1 prefer open conformations that are inhibited by a single point mutation E219Q of MMP1 and tetracycline, an MMP inhibitor. A two-state Poisson process describes the interdomain dynamics, where the two states and kinetic rates of interconversion between them are obtained from histograms and autocorrelations of FRET values. Since a crystal structure of aSyn-bound MMP1 is not available, we performed molecular docking of MMP1 with aSyn using ClusPro. We simulated MMP1 dynamics using different docking poses and matched the experimental and simulated interdomain dynamics to identify an appropriate pose. We used experimentally validated simulations to define conformational changes at the catalytic site and identify allosteric residues in the hemopexin domain having strong correlations with the catalytic motif residues. We defined Shannon entropy to quantify MMP1 dynamics. We performed virtual screening against a site on selected aSyn-MMP1 binding poses and showed that lead molecules differ between free MMP1 and substrate-bound MMP1. Also, identifying aSyn-specific allosteric residues in MMP1 enabled further selection of lead molecules. In other words, virtual screening needs to take substrates into account for substrate-specific control of MMP1 activity. Molecular understanding of interactions between MMP1 and aSyn-induced aggregates may open up the possibility of degrading aggregates by targeting MMPs.
Spatiotemporal Stop-and-go Dynamics of the Mitochondrial TOM Core Complex Correlates With Three-state Channel Activity
Authors: Wang Shuo , Findeisen Lukas , Leptihn Sebastian , Wallace Mark , Hörning Marcel , Nussberger Stephan 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Single-molecule studies can reveal phenomena that remain hidden in ensemble measurements. Here, we show the correlation between lateral protein diffusion and channel activity of the general protein import pore of mitochondria (TOM-CC) in membranes resting on ultrathin hydrogel films. Using electrode-free optical recordings of ion flux, we find that TOM-CC switches reversibly between three states of ion permeability associated with protein diffusion. Freely diffusing TOM-CC molecules are observed in a high permeability state, while non-moving molecules are in an intermediate and a low permeability state. We explain this behavior by the mechanical binding of the two protruding Tom22 subunits to the hydrogel and a concomitant combinatorial opening and closing of the two β-barrel pores of TOM-CC. TOM-CC could thus be the first β-barrel protein channel to exhibit membrane state-dependent mechanosensitive properties.
Predicting the Outcome of Open Type IIIC Tibial Fractures Regarding Union, Osteomyelitis, and Amputation
Authors: Chen Shih-Heng , Lien Po-Hao , Lan Ching-Yu , Hsu Chung-Cheng , Lin Cheng-Hung , Lin Yu-Te , Lin Chih-Hung , Yu Yi-Hsun 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Backgrounds: This study aimed to assess factors that affect union time and complications in Gustilo IIIC tibial fractures.Methods: Patients who presented to our center with IIIC open tibial fractures from January 2000 to October 2020 were eligible for this retrospective analysis. Patient demographics, fracture characteristics, timing, numbers, and type of surgical intervention were documented. Outcomes of interest included union time, occurrence of osteomyelitis, and amputation. Results: Fifty-eight patients were enrolled and grouped by fracture type; eight union on time (13.8%); 27 late union (46.6%); eight delayed union (13.8%); three nonunion (5.2%); and 12 amputation (20.7%). Nine fractures (15.5%) were complicated by osteomyelitis. Union time was prolonged in cases of triple arterial injury, distal third fractures, multiple trauma with Injury Severity Score (ISS) ≥ 16 points, and increased length of bone defect. Additionally, a bone gap > 50 mm, diabetes mellitus, low body mass index, and triple arterial injury in the lower leg were significant risk factors for amputation. A time from injury to definitive soft tissue coverage of more than 22 days was the major risk factor for osteomyelitis. A scoring system to predict union time was devised and the predicted probability of union within two years was stratified based on this score. Conclusions: IIIC tibial fractures involving the distal third of the tibia, fractures with bone defects, triple arterial injury, and multiple trauma with ISS ≥ 16 points demonstrated delayed union, and an effective prediction system for union time was introduced in this study. Early soft tissue coverage can reduce the risk of osteomyelitis. Finally, diabetes and severe bone and soft tissue defects pose a higher risk of amputation.
Construction and Validation of a Prognostic Risk Model for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Based on Autophagy-Related Genes
Authors: Yan Cheng , Liu Qingling , Jia Ruoling 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Autophagy plays an important role in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the prognostic value of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in TNBC remains unknown. In this study, we established a survival model to evaluate the prognosis of TNBC patients using ARGs signature.Methods: A total of 222 autophagy-related genes were downloaded from The Human Autophagy Database. The RNA-sequencing data and corresponding clinical data of TNBC were obtained from the TCGA database. Differential gene expression of ARGs (DE-ARGs) between normal samples and TNBC samples was determined by the EdgeR software package. Then, univariate Cox, Lasso, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed. According to the Lasso regression results based on univariate Cox, we identified a prognostic signature for overall-survival (OS), which was further validated by using GEO cohort. We also found an independent prognostic marker that can predict the clinicopathological features of TNBC. Furthermore, a nomogram was drawn to predict the survival probability of TNBC patients, which could help in clinical decision for TNBC treatment. Finally, we validated the requirement of a ARG in our model for TNBC cell survival and metastasis.Results: There are 43 differentially expressed ARGs (DE-ARGs) were identified between normal and tumor samples. A risk model for OS using CDKN1A, CTSD, CTSL, EIF4EBP1, TMEM74 and VAMP3 by Lasso regression analysis was established based on univariate Cox regression analysis. Overall survival of TNBC patients was significantly shorter in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group for both the training and validation cohorts. Using the Kaplan-Meier curves and ROC curves, we demonstrated the accuracy of the prognostic model. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to verify risk score as independent predictor. Then a nomogram was proposed to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival for TNBC patients. The calibration curves showed great accuracy of the model for survival prediction. Finally, we found that depletion of EIF4EBP1, one of ARGs in our model, significantly reduced cell proliferation and metastasis of TNBC cells. Conclusion: An autophagy-related prognosis model in TNBCs was constructed using ARGs signature containing CDKN1A, CTSD, CTSL, EIF4EBP1, TMEM74 and VAMP3. It could serve as an independent prognostic biomarker in TNBC.
The Effectiveness of Fear of Leprosy as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Resilience, Coping Resources, and Coping: A Correlation Study Through The Structural Equation Model in Patients with Leprosy
Authors: Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit , Alinda Medhi Denisa , Kusumaputra Bagus Haryo , Nasir Abd. , Yusuf Ah , Listiawan Muhammad Yulianto 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background: Strengthening the argument for better problem solving can reduce excessive worry, so as to reduce fear due to leprosy disability, because the impact arising from leprosy disability can affect the chosen coping strategy. Methods: The purpose of this study was to test the model of the relationship between resilience, coping resources, and coping through structural equation modeling to identify the role of disability fear as a mediator. The leprosy disability fear scale, coping resources scale, and coping scale have been used to collect data, with 125 participants involved in this study through convenience sampling, consisting of women (33.60%), men 66.40 %. Structural equation model is used to test through cross-sectional design. Results: The results of the study report that there is a negative relationship between coping resources and fear of leprosy disability, and it is known that there is a positive relationship with coping. Meanwhile, The test results showed a negative relationship between resilience and fear of leprosy disability, and a positive relationship with coping. Furthermore, to coping, fear of leprosy disability shows a negative relationship. Conclusion: Coping in seeking health assistance is strongly influenced by resilience and coping resources, both directly and indirectly through the mediator of fear of leprosy disability. As a result, in seeking health assistance, individuals who have strong self-defense and have extensive coping resources, have adaptive coping, thereby reducing the fear of leprosy disability, and thus can maintain adaptive coping during the leprosy healing process.
Adiponectin Suppresses Tumor Growth of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Through Activating AMPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Zongmeng , Du Jinlin , Shi Hui , Wang Shuai , Yan Yunjing , Xu Qihua , Zhou Sujin , Zhao Zhenggang , Mu Yunping , Qian Chaonan , Zhao Allan Zijian , Cao Sumei , Li Fanghong 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
BackgroundAdiponectin is an adipocyte-secreted cytokine that enhances insulin sensitivity and attenuates inflammation. Although circulating adiponectin level is often inversely associated with several malignancies, its role in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. Here, we investigated the clinical association between circulating adiponectin level and NPC, and examined the impact of adiponectin, as well as the underlying mechanisms, on NPC growth both in vitro and in vivo.MethodsThe association between circulating adiponectin level and the risk of developing NPC was assessed in two different cohorts, including a hospital-based case-control study with 152 cases and 132 controls, and a nested case-control study with 71 cases and 142 controls within a community-based NPC screening cohort. Tumor xenograft model, cell proliferation and cycle assays were applied to confirm the effects of adiponectin on NPC growth in cultured cells and in xenograft models. We also investigated the underlying signaling mechanisms with various specific pharmacological inhibitors and biochemistry analysis.ResultsHigh adiponectin levels were associated with a monotonic decreased trend of NPC risk among males in both the hospital-based case-control study and a nested case-control study. In vitro, adiponectin significantly inhibited NPC cell growth and arrested cell cycle, which were dependent on AMPK signaling pathway. The growth of xenograft of NPC tumor was sharply accelerated in the nude mice carrying genetic adiponectin deficiency. An adiponectin receptor agonist, AdipoRon, displayed strong anti-tumor activity in human xenograft models. ConclusionsThese findings demonstrated for the first time that circulating adiponectin is not only inversely associated with NPC, but also controls the development of NPC via AMPK signaling pathway. Stimulation of adiponectin function may become a novel therapeutic modality for NPC.
Using ZnCo2O4 Nanoparticles as the Hole Transport Layer to Improve Long-Term Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Jheng Bo-Rong , Chiu Pei-Ting , Yang Sheng-Hsiung , Tong Yung-Liang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Inorganic metal oxides with the merits of high carrier transport capability, low cost and superior chemical stability have largely served as the hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in recent years. Among them, ternary metal oxides gradually attract attention because of the wide tenability of the two inequivalent cations in the lattice sites that offer interesting physicochemical perperties. In this work, ZnCo2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a chemical precipitation method and served as the HTL in inverted PSCs. The device based on the ZnCo2O4 NPs HTL showed better efficiency of 12.31% and negligible hysteresis compared with the one using PEDOT:PSS film as the HTL. Moreover, the device sustained 85% of its initial efficiency after 240 hours storage under a halogen lamps matrix exposure with an illumination intensity of 1000 W/m2, providing a powerful strategy to design long-term stable PSCs for future production.
Dissecting of the Deterioration in Eating Quality for Erect Panicle (Ep) Type High Yield Japonica Super Rice in Northest China
Authors: Chen Sibo , Chen Shuangjie , Jiang Yihui , Lu Qing , Liu Zhongyuan , Liu Wanying , Wang Xuhong , Shi Wenhua , Xu Quan , Sun Jian , Zhang Fan , Tang Liang 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Ep type is an important morphological improvement (following dwarf breeding and ideal plant type) to adapt to super high yield breeding of rice, which shows a pleiotropic effect in increasing grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in rice. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether Ep has adverse effects on eating quality and its regulatory of increasing nitrogen uptake and assimilation. In this study, we developed a pair of near-isogenic lines (NILs) of dep1 (NIL-Ep, NIL-Non Ep) in the Liaogeng 5 (LG5) and Akihikari (AKI) backgrounds. Here, we report that rice plants NIL-Ep have more grain numbers per panicle in middle to bottom spike positions than plants NIL-non Ep. This part of increased grain not only is the key factor to increase the yield, but also is the reason to reduce the eating quality. The content of prolamin and glutelin in the grain increased significantly, which resulted in higher hardness and worse viscosity of rice after cooking. Additionally, the activity of several essential enzymes catalyzing nitrogen metabolism is higher in the NIL-Ep line than in NIL-non Ep line, especially from the mid to late grain filling stage. Based on these results, we conclude that Ep positively regulates grain protein accumulation primarily through enhance the activity of enzyme enroll nitrogen assimilation and redistribution during the mid to late grain-filling stage, resulting in excessive accumulation of grain protein and decreased the quality of eating.
A novel plasma membrane-phillic graphene oxide nanocarrier for neuropeptide delivery to generate tolerogenic dendritic cells in GVHD Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Xiaohui , Sun Sujing , He Chulin , Li Chenyan , Bai Wenyuan , Zhang Yulong , He Minwei , Lv Liping , Dong Yanrong , Ma Ping , Zhou Qianqian , Zhan Linsheng 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
The prevention and the treatment of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains a barrier to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Tolerogenic dendritic cells (TDCs) have become a hotspot in GVHD prevention despite the poor induction efficiency. Herein, we designed a novel size-dependent platform of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets for neuropeptide delivery for the purpose of TDC generation. GO with a lateral size༞1 µm (L-GO) showed strong affinities to DC membrane, which effectively promoted the recognition between neuropeptide, urocortin (UCN) and its receptor CRHR2 and in turn benefited TDC generation through PKA C/CREB phosphorylation. Simultaneously, L-GO also elevated the expression of CCR7 and enhanced the migration ability of TDCs by mediating cytoskeleton reorganization. In vivo experiments offered direct evidence that TDCs inducted by UCN@L-GO exhibited efficient migration to lymph nodes, abundant generation of Treg, a significant decrease of proinflammatory cytokines and in turn excellent efficiency in GVHD relief. In the current study, we proposed an innovative GO nanosheets based cytomembrane-targeted platform for neuropeptide delivery and subsequent TDC generation. In the meantime, the promoted mobility of TDC pulsed by GOs ensured the high homing efficiency to secondary lymph nodes, attributing to GVHD treatment in vivo. Thus, such work provided a promising strategy that might be applicable more broadly to delivery systems for receptor-mediated drugs, and could meet the changing demand of nanotechnology-based immunotherapy.
Forensic Investigation Into Petroleum Products Consumption, Subsidisation and Fiscal Spending in Nigeria by C. E. Alozie (PhD)
Authors: Alozie Christopher Enyioma 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
This paper analytically investigated petroleum products procurement, volume of consumption, fiscal expenditure on consumption subsidies, the utilisation of domestic crude-oil allocations in local refining production in satisfying consumption, discipline in the approved subsidy expenditure budget. Ex-post ‘facto’ materials were employed. Numerical descriptive statistics on volume of locally produced-supplied to imported products volume ratios, budget deviation indexing for fiscal discipline; simulated ‘produce or import simulation of prior fiscal expenditures. Results indicate that local refining output of petroleum products were partly the major root cause of insufficient source of supply of products procurements which in turn compelled Nigeria to be reliant on importation in satisfying consumption requirements. Domestic crude allocation utilisation for refining production indicates that only about 33 percent of average aggregate expected minimum refined petroleum products yields of average aggregate volume consumption requirements were recorded. Budget discipline is lacking. Gross undersupply of electricity induced constant rise in the consumption of petroleum products. The paper concludes that lack of proper routine maintenance of extant local refineries, production inefficiencies as well as grossly mismanagement of the daily domestic crude-oil allocations were primarily responsible for the huge fiscal subsidies expenditure. Nigeria’s indulgence in fuels importation and negligence of local refineries is tantamount to creating employment in those other refined fuels producing countries and escalating unemployment in Nigeria. T Fiscal spending on subsidies would have funded proper routine TAM and build four new refineries which is financing option that ought to have guaranteed ‘pareto optimality’ in the economy.
ARG-ST on phrases
Authors: Przepiórkowski Adam 
Published: December 2021

One of the major controversies in present-day HPSG is whether the information about a word's argument structure should also be available on this word's phrasal projections. Some works assume that ARG-ST is present on words only; this is the claim of, e.g., Pollard and Sag 1994, Miller and Sag 1997, Abeillé, Godard and Sag 1998, and Bouma, Malouf and Sag (to appear). The reason for this assumption is that it leads to more restrictive grammars: with this restriction, words cannot select their arguments on the basis of the argument structure of these arguments' heads (e.g., there seems to be no language in which a verb selects exactly VPs with an NP[dat] argument). On the other hand, various other works assume the presence of the complete information about a word's argument structure on this word's phrasal projections. This is the stance of, e.g., Grover 1995 (to formulate a fully nonconfigurational binding theory), Frank 1994 (to deal with verb second in German), Frank and Reyle 1995 (to account for the interactions between scope and word order in German), Calcagno and Pollard 1997 and Abeillé and Godard 2000 (to analyze French causatives), Baxter 1999 (in an account of purpose infinitives in English), and Meurers 1999 (to deal with case assignment in German verb clusters).
In this paper, I endeavor to make two kinds of linguistic contribution.
On the theory-internal side, I argue that the issue whether ARG-ST or any such attribute should be present at the level of possibly saturated phrases, in addition to its presence on words, is not an "all or nothing" issue. Although I show that there are some environments in Polish which do seem to require the presence of ARG-ST on phrases, I also link this presence to the common feature of such environments, namely, to their semantic vacuity (understood in the sense of Pollard and Yoo 1998). Although no formal proof can be given that this is the only possible analysis, I try to proceed carefully by examining a variety of possible alternatives and showing that all of them fail in one way or another.
Since semantically vacuous environments are extremely rare, the resulting grammar is not less restrictive than, say, a grammar which allows a verb to subcategorize for a lexical argument (and, hence, have access to this argument's ARG-ST), a possibility often taken advantage of in HPSG analyses of complex predicates in various languages.
On the empirical side, I look at two rarely considered and ill-understood constructions in Polish, namely, at "long raising" across a preposition, and at case agreement with predicative phrases. Neither of these constructions has been successfully analyzed so far. Although the analyses proposed in this paper may be perceived as less than satisfactory on the aesthetical side, they constitute the first formal and uniform account of these phenomena.