bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Activation Fragment of PAR2 Is Increased in RA and Modulated in Response To Anti-IL-6R Treatment
Authors: Kalogera Stefania , He Yi , Bay-Jensen Anne-Christine , Gantzel Thorbjørn , Sun Shu , Manon-Jensen Tina , Karsdal Morten Asser , Thudium Christian S. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are serious and painful diseases. Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) is involved in the pathology of both OA and RA including roles in synovial hyperplasia, cartilage destruction, osteophyogenesis and pain. PAR2 is activated via cleavage of its N-terminus by serine proteases. In this study a competitive ELISA assay was developed targeting the 36-amino acid peptide that is cleaved and released after PAR2 activation. Technical assay parameters including antibody specificity, intra- and inter-assay variation (CV%), linearity, accuracy, analyte stability and interference were evaluated. PAR2 pro-fragment release was confirmed after in vitro cleavage of PAR2 recombinant protein and treatment of human synovial explants with matriptase. Serum levels of 22 healthy individuals, 23 OA patients and 15 RA patients as well as a subset of RA patients treated with tocilizumab were evaluated. The PAR2 antibody was specific for the neo-epitope and intra-inter assay CV% were 6.4% and 5.8% respectively. In vitro cleavage and matriptase treated explants showed increased PAR2 pro-fragment levels compared to controls. In serum, PAR2 pro-fragment levels were increased in RA patients and decreased in RA patients treated with tocilizumab. In conclusion, PAR2 may be a potential biomarker for monitoring RA disease and pharmacodynamics of treatment.
Study on the Dust Removal and Temperature Reduction Coupling Performances of Magnetized Water Spray
Authors: Wang Chengfeng , Lu Shouqing , Li Mingjie , Zhang Yongliang , Sa Zhanyou , Liu Jie , Wang Hao , Wang Shengcheng 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Dust pollution and heat damage hazards are important problems affecting underground safety production. This paper is aimed at exploring the optimal magnetization conditions of magnetized water for dust removal and temperature reduction, and improve the utilization rate of water. First, the surface tension, viscosity and specific heat capacity of water under different magnetization conditions were measured experimentally. Then, the magnetization conditions with the best coupling performances were obtained through ANSYS Fluent simulation. Finally, a spray system was designed to control the magnetization conditions strictly. The results demonstrate that the dust removal performance is better when the magnetic field intensity is 150 mT and the magnetization time is 80 s. Under this condition, the specific heat capacity also reaches the maximum. These research results can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of dust pollution and heat damage control measures in mines.
Emergence of Novel Combinations of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor Binding Domain Variants in Senegal
Authors: Ahouidi Ambroise D , Rodgers Mary A , Padane Abdou , Leye Nafissatou , Olivo Ana , Mbow Moustapha , Mboup Aminata , Diaw Papa Alassane , Dia Aminata , Harris Barbara , Padane Yacine Amet  Dia , Lo Gora , Meyer Todd V , Diedhiou Cyrille K. , Diagne Diabou , Kane Ndeye Coumba Toure , Cloherty Gavin , Mboup Souleymane 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) lineages that carry mutations in the spike gene are of concern for potential impact to treatment and prevention efforts. To monitor for new SARS-CoV-2 mutations, a panel of specimens were sequenced from both wave one (N=96), and wave two (N=117) of the pandemic in Senegal by whole genome next generation sequencing. Amongst these genomes, new combinations of SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations were identified, with E484K+N501T, L452R+N501Y, and L452M+S477N exclusively found in second wave specimens. These sequences are evidence of local diversification over the course of the pandemic and parallel evolution of escape mutations in different lineages.
The Childbirth Fear Questionnaire: A New Measure of Fear of Childbirth
Authors: Fairbrother Nichole , Collardeau Fanie , Albert Arianne , Thordarson Dana , Stroll Kathrin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

Fear of childbirth affects as many as 20% of pregnant people, and has been associated with pregnancy termination, prolonged labour, increased risk of emergency and elective caesarean delivery, poor maternal mental health, and poor maternal-infant bonding. Currently available measures of fear of childbirth fail to fully capture pregnant people’s childbirth-related fears. The purpose of this research was to develop a new measure of fear of childbirth (the Childbirth Fear Questionnaire; CFQ) that would address the limitations of existing measures.
Methods

The CFQ’s psychometric properties were evaluated through two studies. Participants were 643 pregnant people residing in English speaking countries for study one, and 881 pregnant people residing in Canada for study two. In both studies, participants completed a set of questionnaires, including the CFQ, via an online survey.
Results

Exploratory factor analysis in study one resulted in a 40-item, 9-factor scale which was well supported in study two. Both studies provided strong evidence of high internal consistency and as well as convergent and discriminant validity. Study one also provided evidence that the CFQ detects group differences between pregnant people across mode of delivery preference, and parity. Study 2 added to findings from study 1 by providing evidence for the dimensional structure of the construct of fear of childbirth, and measurement invariance across parity groups (i.e., the measurement model of the CFQ is generalizable across parity groups).
Conclusions

The CFQ is psychometrically sound, and currently the most comprehensive measure of fear of childbirth currently available. The CFQ covers a broad range of domains of fear of childbirth, and can serve to identify specific fear domains to be targeted in treatment.
The Accuracy and Reliability of Cardiac Output Assessment by Measuring Descending Aortic Blood Flow in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Peng Ling , Zeng Jun , Wei Wei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

To investigate the accuracy and reliability of cardiac output (CO) assessment by transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) measuring descending aortic blood flow (DABF) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). And the influence of DABF/CO on the accuracy and reliability of CO assessment were also analyzed.
Methods

Paired CO measured by both thermodilution (TCO) and Doppler method (DCO) were obtained before incision, immediately after CPB, 15 minutes after CPB, 30 minutes after CPB, 45 minutes after CPB, and at the end of surgery. The DCO was converted from TEE measured DABF using theoretical proportion (70%) of DABF/CO. Regression analysis, Bland-Altman graph, and Polar plot were used to analyze the correlation and agreement between the CO measurements by the two methods. Parameters were compared by one-way ANOVA among different time points.
Results

A total of 132 pairs of CO measurements were obtained from 22 patients. The average proportion of DABF/TCO ranged from 54% before CPB to 63% after CBP. A good correlation between DCO and TCO (r = 0.81) was found. The Bland-Altman analysis showed a large positive bias between the TCO and DCO. The Polar plot also showed a poor concordance between changes of DCO and TCO. The proportion of DABF/TCO had a mild negative correlation with systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) but not with cardiac output index (CI).
Conclusions

The CO, converted from TEE measured DABF, was underestimated in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The varied proportion between DABF and CO mainly influenced the accuracy and reliability of CO assessment.
Trial registration:

Chinese Clinical Trials Register Identifier: ChiCTR-OCS-12002789 (retrospective registered). Date: 2012.12.21
Health Belief Model for Empowering Parental Toothbrushing and Sugar Intake Control in Reducing Early Childhood Caries Among Young Children – Study Protocol for A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Ketian , Lee Gillian Hiu Man , Liu Pei , Gao Xiaoli , Wong Samuel Yeung Shan , Wong May Chun Mei 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: It has been recognized that oral health education for parents is critical for preventing early childhood caries (ECC). Few parents practiced caries prevention procedures for their children in daily life, though. A novel intervention scheme using mobile messages will be developed in this study under the framework of the Health Belief Model (HBM). The objective of the present randomized clinical trial (RCT) is to evaluate the effectiveness of the new scheme in promoting oral health of young children by reducing dental caries.Methods: This RCT will involve 26-36 child care centers or kindergartens with nursery classes (clusters) located in Hong Kong. A total of 518-628 child-parent dyads (child age: 18-30 months) will be recruited and randomly allocated at the cluster level into the test or control group with a 1:1 ratio. For parents in the test group, the intervention will consist of a set of HBM-based text messages sent regularly in 48 weeks. A standard text message will be sent to the parents in the control group in the first week. The primary outcome will be dental caries measured by dmft/dmfs of the children after 2 years (around 4 years of age). The secondary outcomes will be toothbtushing and sugar intakes. Discussion: HBM-based intervention via a low-cost text messaging vehicle may serves as a viable way to empower parents to establish proper oral health behaviors for their children and safeguard the oral health of children in Hong Kong.Trial registration: This study has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04665219).
Climate Change Water Vulnerability and Adaptation Mechanism in Constrained Touristic Himalayan City, Nainital
Authors: Chauhan Disha , Thiyaharajan Muthuprasad , Pandey Anvita , Singh Nidhi , Singh Vishal , Sen Sumit , Pandey Rajiv 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Urban water management is a growing concern in India’s rapidly urbanizing cities. Population growth and climatic variability are further exuberating the impact on surface and underground water supply. Understanding the causes and the extent of water vulnerability is required for developing effective strategies for water insecurities. This study attempts to assess the water vulnerability across different wards of a touristic city of Himalaya - Nainital using IPCC approach considering the three dimensions exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. Seven indicators, mostly spatial i.e. edaphic (aspect, elevation), climatic (land surface temperature) besides some water infrastructural (distance to water distribution) and population were considered for development of vulnerability index using Analytical Hierarchy Process for assigning weights. These indicators were simple to extract and easy to obtain and mostly available from secondary sources and were capable to account the variability at micro level. Moreover, the current adaptation mechanisms for water security were also derived through conducting surveys by randomly selecting households across the wards. Staff House and Harinagar wards were the most vulnerable. The survey results that the adaptation mechanism should be managed at individual and organisation level. Policy measures such as optimum use of water; grey water recycling, spring rejuvenation, rain water harvesting, leakage proof infrastructure with intervention of new technologies may be adopted and implemented for reducing the water vulnerability in the city along with the public participation.
Association of Three Micro-RNA Gene Polymorphisms with the Risk of Cervical Cancer: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Xu Jingyu , Fan Yihua , Zhang Qiang , Geng Junze , Xia Tian 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Objective: Regulation of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in micro-RNA ( miRNA) on the host cells may be one of the most important factors influencing the occurrence of cervical cancer based on the prevalence of HPV infection and the development of cervical cancer. In order to explore the contribution of miRNA polymorphism to the occurrence and development of cervical cancer, we conducted an analytical study. Methods: We selected the polymorphisms of three widely studied miRNAs (miRNA-146a rs2910164, miRNA-499 rs3746444 and miRNA-196a2 rs11614913). Then we conducted a meta-analysis (for the first time) to investigate their susceptibility to cervical cancer. Case control studies on the correlation between these three miRNAs and cervical cancer susceptibility were investigated by searching on from Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, CBM, CNKI, Wanfang database and VIP database. Basic characteristics were recorded and meta-analysis of the case studies was performed using STATA 15.1 software. Results: The miRNA-146a rs2910164 mutation significantly reduced the risk of cervical cancer in both recessive model (OR= 0.804, 95%CI= 0.652-0.992, P= 0.042；CC vs. CG+GG) and allelic model (OR= 0.845, 95%CI= 0.721-0.991, P= 0.038；C vs. G). There was no significant correlation between miRNA -499 rs3746444 and the risk of cervical cancer. The miRNA -196a2 rs11614913 mutation was significantly associated with a reduced risk of cervical cancer in homozygous model (OR= 0.641, 95%CI= 0.447-0.919, P= 0.016；TT vs. CC), dominant model (OR= 0.795, 95%CI= 0.636-0.994, P= 0.045；CT+TT vs. CC), recessive model (OR= 0.698, 95%CI= 0.532-0.917, P= 0.01；TT vs. CC+CT), and allelic models (OR= 0.783, 95%CI= 0.643-0.954, P= 0.015；T vs. C). Conclusion: In summary, this meta-analysis shows that the mutant genotypes of miRNA -146a rs2910164 and miRNA -196a2 rs11614913 are associated with a reduced risk of cervical cancer. Therefore, they may be two gene regulatory points for the prevention of cervical cancer.
Variation Between Community and Hospital Acquired Methicillin Resistant Coagulase-Positive Staphylococcus Isolates from The Nasal Carriage in The Central Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aqel Hazem , Johani Sameera Al , Khalid Norah Abu , Shammari Hajeer Al , Koblan Dema Al , Jambi Shatha Al , Waeel Wejdan Al , Bokhari Nouf Al , Outaibi Etzaz Al , Emam Razan 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background

The coagulase-positive staphylococcus (CoPS) has become progressively prevailing in both community and hospital. The variation between community and hospital acquired methicillin resistant coagulase positive staphylococcus has been used to monitor decisions about realistic therapy.
Methods

Participants presenting with culture proven coagulase positive staphylococcus from the nose were enclosed during this study. Antibiotic susceptibility test was verified by exploiting the E-test and disk diffusion methods. Eleven toxin genes had been analyzed using a polymerase chain reaction.
Results

The oxacillin-resistant E-test showed extremely vital resistance in hospital-isolates (34.5%) than in community-isolates (19.2%) (p-value = 0.009). The most effective antibiotic against community acquired CoPS is a quinupristin followed by vancomycin and rifampin then clindamycin. Whereas, clindamycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, rifampin, and quinupristin seem to be more effective against hospital acquired CoPS. The intermediate effects of both cefoxitin and vancomycin were highly significant in hospital acquired CoPS isolates compared with hospital acquired CoPS isolates (p-value = 0.009 and 0.005). The proven methicillin resistance coagulase positive staphylococcus (MRCoPS) was subjected for detection the following toxin embp (480 bp), aap (180 bp, 200 bp, 300 bp, 460 bp, and 480 bp), and aae (110 bp) genes that were present only in a community acquired MRCoPS. But the following coa (400 bp and 800 bp), spa (1100 bp and 1120 bp), aae (220 bp), and IcaD (100 bp) genes were present only in a hospital acquired MRCoPS. The PVL gene was absent in both community and hospital acquired MRCoPS isolates.
Conclusion

Hospital acquired coagulase positive staphylococci were highly significant resistant effects against oxacillin and intermediate effects against cefoxitin compared to community acquired coagulase positive staphylococci. All coagulase positive staphylococcus isolates were sensitive to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and quinupristin, but they were resistant to penicillin only. Genotypically, all tested toxin genes showed variation between community and hospital depending on the gene size bands. This study stresses the vital would like for broad screening, precautionary, and educational methods to accomplish the cumulative MRSA prevalence rate.
Atorvastatin in Helicobacter Pylori Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Review
Authors: Azar Mohammad Reza Mohammad Hoseini , Porteghali Parham , Sedokani Amin 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Background: Considering the increase in drug resistance over time to Helicobacter pylori treatment relying on the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects of atorvastatin to increase the success rate of H. pylori eradication, we examined the effect of adding atorvastatin to standard treatment of H. pylori eradication.Results: A total of 186 symptomatic patients who had been diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori infection and tested for H. pylori eradication were examined by a pathological response or positive urea breath test. Patients who received atorvastatin in addition to standard treatment were also identified based on a table of random numbers. Standard treatment included a 240mg bismuth subcitrate tablet, a 40mg pantoprazole tablet, a 500mg metronidazole tablet, and 2 capsules of 500mg amoxicillin, all taken BID for 14 days. After 4 weeks of treatment, all patients underwent stool testing for H. pylori fecal antigen. If the test was positive, the request was considered a failure of treatment, and if the test was negative, it was considered a successful eradication of H. pylori. The clinical trial registration code for this study is IRCT20190823044589N1. The eradication rate of H. pylori was 80% in the control group and 80.9% in the intervention group, which did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P-value=0.971).Conclusion: Adding atorvastatin to 4-drug regimen of PPI, bismuth subcitrate, amoxicillin, and metronidazole as the first line of treatment for H. pylori eradication is ineffective.Trial registration: IRCT, IRCT20190823044589N1. Registered 28 December 2019 - Retrospectively registered, https://en.irct.ir/trial/41734
Observation of perfect diamagnetism and interfacial effect on the electronic structures in infinite layer Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2 superconductors
Authors: Zeng Shengwei , Yin Xinmao , Li C. J. , Tang Chi Sin , Han K. , Huang Z. , Cao Y. , Chow L. E. , Wan D.Y. , Zhang Z. T. , Lim Z. S. , Diao Caozheng , Yang Ping , Wee Andrew , Pennycook Stephen , Ariando A. 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Nickel-based complex oxides have served as a playground for decades in the quest for a copper-oxide analog of the high-temperature (high-Tc) superconductivity. They may provide key points towards understanding the mechanism and an alternative route for high-Tc superconductors. The recent discovery of superconductivity in the infinite-layer nickelate thin films has fulfilled this pursuit. Thus far, however, material synthesis remains challenging. The demonstration of perfect diamagnetism is still missing, and understanding of the role of the interface and bulk to the superconducting properties is still lacking. Here, we synthesized high-quality Nd0.8Sr0.2NiO2 thin films with different thicknesses and investigated the interface and strain effects on the electrical, magnetic and optical properties. Perfect diamagnetism is demonstrated, confirming the occurrence of superconductivity in the thin films. Unlike the thick films in which the normal-state Hall coefficient (RH) changes signs as the temperature decreases, the RH of films thinner than 6.1 nm remains negative, suggesting a thickness-driven band structure modification. Moreover, X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals the Ni-O hybridization nature in doped infinite-layer nickelates, and the hybridization is enhanced as the thickness decreases. Consistent with band structure calculations on the nickelate/SrTiO3 heterostructure, the interface and strain effect induce a dominating electron-like band in the ultrathin film, thus causing the sign change of the RH.
Country-Level Factors Dynamics and ABO/Rh Blood Groups Contribution To COVID-19 Mortality
Authors: Monaco Alfonso , Pantaleo Ester , Amoroso Nicola , Bellantuono Loredana , Stella Alessandro , Bellotti Roberto 
Published: June 2021

Abstract
Identifying factors related to COVID-19 mortality is important to deploy effective containment measures and to safeguard categories at risk. In the last months, several investigations have tried to ascertain essential features for predicting the COVID-19 mortality tolls depending on country-specific dynamics and population structure. Most studies focused on the initial outbreak of COVID-19 spanning the first half of 2020. Several variables, including obesity, health system indicators such as hospital bed density, and bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination have been reported as significantly associated to COVID-19 mortality. Here, we examined in different pandemic stages some of the mentioned associations as well as ABO and Rh blood group indicators, which have also been previously linked to COVID-19 severity and fatal outcome. Using a machine learning approach, we found that the “B+” blood group frequency is an important factor at all stages of the pandemic.