bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Émile Zola and the Literary Language of Climate Change
Authors: Ungelenk Johannes 
Published: November 2021

On 7 February 1861, John Tyndall, professor of natural philosophy, delivered a historical lecture: he could prove that different gases absorb heat to a very different degree, which implies that the temperate conditions provided for by the Earth's atmosphere are dependent on its particular composition of gases. The theoretical foundation of climate science was laid. Ten years later, on the other side of the Channel, a young and ambitious author was working on a comprehensive literary analysis of the French era under the Second Empire. Émile Zola had probably not heard or read of Tyndall's discovery. However, the article makes the case for reading Zola's Rougon-Macquart as an extensive story of climate change. Zola's literary attempts to capture the defining characteristic of the Second Empire led him to the insight that its various milieus were all part of the same ‘climate’: that of an all-encompassing warming. Zola suggests that this climate is man-made: the economic success of the Second Empire is based on heating, in a literal and metaphorical sense, as well as on stoking the steam-engines and creating the hypertrophic atmosphere of the hothouse that enhances life and maximises turnover and profit. In contrast to Tyndall and his audience, Zola sensed the catastrophic consequences of this warming: the Second Empire was inevitably moving towards a final débâcle, i.e. it was doomed to perish in local and ‘global’ climate catastrophes. The article foregrounds the supplementary status of Tyndall's physical and Zola's literary knowledge. As Zola's striking intuition demonstrates, literature appears to have a privileged approach to the phenomenon of man-induced climate change.
ANALISIS BUTIR SOAL EVALUASI TEMA 1 KELAS 4 SDN PLUMBUNGAN MENGGUNAKAN PROGRAM ANATES
Authors: Mochammad Noor Akhmadi  
Published: November 2021

Program anates digunakan untuk mengetahui ciri-ciri butir soal evaluasi tema 1 kelas 4. Pada penilitian ini pengumpulan data menggunakan Teknik dokumen dengan pendekatan dekriptif kuantitatif. Alat tes berupa soal evaluasi tema 1 kelas 4 berjumlah 20 soal berupa dokumen tes pilihan ganda. Soal evaluasi tema 1 kelas 4 direspon oleh 20 siswa dengan menggunakan aplikasi program anates versi 4.0.9 dengan jumlah 20 dokumen . Setelah dilakukan analisis, hasil yang didapat menunjukkan indeks daya pembeda dikategorikan tinggi karena jumlah butir soal yang bisa digunakan untuk membedakan kelompok atas dan bawah adalah 50%. Tingkat kesukaran butir soal kategori sedang dengan nilai prosentase sebesar 64%. Validitas tes sebesar 80% kategori sangat tinggi. Reliabilitas butir soal sangat tinggi dengan nilai indeks sebesar 0.80. Efektifitas distraktor pada soal evaluasi Penilaian Tengah Semester Tema 1 Kelas IV hanya 40 % yang berfungsi dengan baik.
Kata Kunci: Karakteristik Butir, Soal Evaluasi PTS, Program Anates
AN ANALYSIS OF FEMINISM IN MERRY RIANA : MIMPI SEJUTA DOLAR MOVIE
Authors: Fitri Apriyanti  , Rahmi Aulia Nurdini  
Published: November 2021

In literary works, films cannot be separated from life, one of which discusses the issue of discrimination against women, a phenomenon that continues to be actively debated in society and gave birth to the feminism movement. Feminism can also appear through films, one of which is Merry Riana. Therefore, this paper aims to find out what is meant by feminism and how feminism is reflected in films and associated with liberal feminism. This study uses a qualitative method with sources from the original Merry Riana video. The writer uses data collection techniques from online sources. The data were collected by watching the film and understanding the film's dialogue several times and making observations to strengthen the analysis using the semiotic theory by Charles Sanders Pierce. The results of this study indicate that: (1) 8 data indicate the presence of elements of feminism in Merry Riana's action. (2) Feminism is shown through Signs, Objects and Interpreters. (3) In liberal feminism, it proves that women are not only focused on the private sphere, but can also be in the public sphere.
Key words: Literature, Movie, Merry Riana, Feminism
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA FLASHCARD PADA MATERI TATA SURYA KELAS VII DI MTSN 11 JOMBANG
Authors: Nur Izzatun Nikmah  , Andri Wahyu Wijayadi  
Published: November 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan proses pengembangan media flashcard pada materi tata surya kelas VII di MTsN 11 Jombang berdasarkan prosedur pengembangan ADDIE dan mendeskripsikan produk hasil pengembangan setelah proses validasi. Penelitian pengembangan ini menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE, yaitu Analisis, Rancangan, Pengembangan, Implementasi, dan Evaluasi. Penelitian pengembangan yang dilakukan tanpa adanya tahap implementasi dikarenakan pandemi Covid-19. Data hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil pengembangan media flashcard pada materi tata surya kelas VII di MTsN 11 Jombang setelah proses validasi diperoleh kriteria sangat valid dengan persentase 95,4%. Berdasarkan hasil uji validitas media flashcard ini valid digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.
Kata kunci: Media Flashcard, Model ADDIE, Tata Surya
A Convenient and Label-Free Colorimetric Detection for L-Histidine Based on Inhibition of Oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-Tetramethylbenzidine-H2O2 System Triggered by Copper Ions
Authors: Zhang Zhikun , Zhao Wenmeng , Hu Cuixia , Cao Yapeng , Liu Yumin , Liu Qingju 
Published: November 2021

L-Histidine (L-His) is an essential amino acid, which is used to synthesize proteins and enzymes. The concentration of L-His in the body is controlled to regulate tissue growth and repair of tissues. In this study, a rapid and sensitive method was developed for colorimetric L-his detection using Cu2+ ions to inhibit the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)–H2O2 system. H2O2 can oxidize TMB to oxTMB in the presence of copper, and the change in color from colorless (TMB) to blue (oxTMB) is similar to that observed in the presence of peroxidase. However, because the imidazole ring and carboxyl group of L-His can coordinate with Cu2+ ions to form stable L-His–Cu2+ complexes, the color of the TMB–H2O2 solution remains unchanged after the addition of L-His. Therefore, because L-His effectively hinders the colorimetric reaction of TMB with H2O2, this assay can be used to quantitatively determine the concentration of L-His in samples. Under optimized conditions, our colorimetric sensor exhibited two linear ranges of 60 nM to 1 μM and 1 μM to 1 mM for L-His detection and a detection limit of 50 nM (S/N = 3); furthermore, the assay can be performed within 20 min. Moreover, the proposed assay was used to determine the concentration of L-His in urine samples, suggesting that this convenient and label-free colorimetric method presents promising applications in bioanalytical chemistry and clinical diagnosis.
DGAT2-MOGAT2 SNPs and Gene-Environment Interactions on Serum Lipid Profiles and the Risk of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Zhou Yong-Gang , Yin Rui-Xing , Huang Feng , Wu Jin-Zhen , Chen Wu-Xian , Cao Xiao-Li 
Published: November 2021

Background: The genetic susceptibility to ischemic stroke (IS) is still not well-understood. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASes) found that several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 gene (DGAT2) and monoacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (MOGAT2) cluster were associated with serum lipid levels. However, the association between the DGAT2-MOGAT2 SNPs and serum lipid phenotypes has not yet been verified in the Chinese people. Therefore, the present study was to determine the DGAT2-MOGAT2 SNPs and gene-environment interactions on serum lipid profiles and the risk of IS.Methods: Genotyping of 5 SNPs (DGAT2 rs11236530, DGAT2 rs3060, MOGAT2 rs600626, MOGAT2 rs609379, and MOGAT2 rs10899104) in 544 IS patients and 561 healthy controls was performed by the next-generation sequencing technologies. The association between genotypes and serum lipid data was determined by analysis of covariance, and a corrected P-value was adopted after Bonferroni correction. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between genotypes and the risk of IS after adjustment of potential confounders.Results: The rs11236530A allele was associated with increased risk of IS (CA/AA vs. CC, OR = 1.45, 95%CI = 1.12–1.88, P = 0.0044), whereas the rs600626G-rs609379A-rs10899104G haplotype was associated with decreased risk of IS (adjusted OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.48–0.93, P = 0.018). The rs11236530A allele carriers had lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentrations than the rs11236530A allele non-carriers (P &lt; 0.001). The interactions of rs11236530-smoking, rs3060-smoking and rs10899104-smoking influenced serum apolipoprotein B levels, whereas the interactions of rs11236530- and rs3060-alcohol affected serum HDL-C levels (PI &lt; 0.004–0.001). The interaction of rs600626G-rs609379A-rs10899104G-alcohol (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.22–0.76) and rs600626G-rs609379C-rs10899104T-alcohol (OR = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.04–0.36) decreased the risk of IS (PI &lt; 0.0001).Conclusions: The rs11236530A allele was associated with decreased serum HDL-C levels in controls and increased risk of IS in patient group. The rs600626G-rs609379A-rs10899104G haplotype, the rs600626G-rs 609379A-rs10899104G-alcohol and rs600626G-rs609379C-rs10899104T-alcohol interactions were associated with decreased risk of IS. The rs11236530 SNP may be a genetic marker for IS in our study populations.
Abnormal Cardiac Repolarization in Thyroid Diseases: Results of an Observational Study
Authors: Aweimer Assem , Schiedat Fabian , Schöne Dominik , Landgrafe-Mende Gabi , Bogossian Harilaos , Mügge Andreas , Patsalis Polykarpos C. , Gotzmann Michael , Akin Ibrahim , El-Battrawy Ibrahim , Dietrich Johannes W. 
Published: November 2021

Background: The relationship between thyroid function and cardiac disease is complex. Both hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis can predispose to ventricular arrhythmia and other major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), so that a U-shaped relationship between thyroid signaling and the incidence of MACE has been postulated. Moreover, recently published data suggest an association between thyroid hormone concentration and the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) even in euthyroid populations with high-normal FT4 levels. In this study, we investigated markers of repolarization in ECGs, as predictors of cardiovascular events, in patients with a spectrum of subclinical and overt thyroid dysfunction.Methods: Resting ECGs of 100 subjects, 90 patients (LV-EF &gt; 45%) with thyroid disease (60 overt hyperthyroid, 11 overt hypothyroid and 19 L-T4-treated and biochemically euthyroid patients after thyroidectomy or with autoimmune thyroiditis) and 10 healthy volunteers were analyzed for Tp-e interval. The Tp-e interval was measured manually and was correlated to serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroxine (FT4).Results: The Tp-e interval significantly correlated to log-transformed concentrations of TSH (Spearman's rho = 0.30, p &lt; 0.01), FT4 (rho = −0.26, p &lt; 0.05), and FT3 (rho = −0.23, p &lt; 0.05) as well as log-transformed thyroid's secretory capacity (SPINA-GT, rho = −0.33, p &lt; 0.01). Spearman's rho of correlations of JT interval to log-transformed TSH, FT4, FT3, and SPINA-GT were 0.51 (p &lt; 1e−7), −0.45 (p &lt; 1e−5), −0.55 (p &lt; 1e−8), and −0.43 (p &lt; 1e−4), respectively. In minimal multivariable regression models, markers of thyroid homeostasis correlated to heart rate, QT, Tp-e, and JT intervals. Group-wise evaluation in hypothyroid, euthyroid and hyperthyroid subjects revealed similar correlations in all three groups.Conclusion: We observed significant inverse correlations of Tp-e and JT intervals with FT4 and FT3 over the whole spectrum of thyroid function. Our data suggest a possible mechanism of SCD in hypothyroid state by prolongation of repolarization. We do not observe a U-shaped relationship, so that the mechanism of SCD in patients with high FT4 or hyperthyroidism seems not to be driven by abnormalities in repolarization.
MOCOnet: Robust Motion Correction of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance T1 Mapping Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Gonzales Ricardo A. , Zhang Qiang , Papież Bartłomiej W. , Werys Konrad , Lukaschuk Elena , Popescu Iulia A. , Burrage Matthew K. , Shanmuganathan Mayooran , Ferreira Vanessa M. , Piechnik Stefan K. 
Published: November 2021

Background: Quantitative cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) T1 mapping has shown promise for advanced tissue characterisation in routine clinical practise. However, T1 mapping is prone to motion artefacts, which affects its robustness and clinical interpretation. Current methods for motion correction on T1 mapping are model-driven with no guarantee on generalisability, limiting its widespread use. In contrast, emerging data-driven deep learning approaches have shown good performance in general image registration tasks. We propose MOCOnet, a convolutional neural network solution, for generalisable motion artefact correction in T1 maps.Methods: The network architecture employs U-Net for producing distance vector fields and utilises warping layers to apply deformation to the feature maps in a coarse-to-fine manner. Using the UK Biobank imaging dataset scanned at 1.5T, MOCOnet was trained on 1,536 mid-ventricular T1 maps (acquired using the ShMOLLI method) with motion artefacts, generated by a customised deformation procedure, and tested on a different set of 200 samples with a diverse range of motion. MOCOnet was compared to a well-validated baseline multi-modal image registration method. Motion reduction was visually assessed by 3 human experts, with motion scores ranging from 0% (strictly no motion) to 100% (very severe motion).Results: MOCOnet achieved fast image registration (&lt;1 second per T1 map) and successfully suppressed a wide range of motion artefacts. MOCOnet significantly reduced motion scores from 37.1±21.5 to 13.3±10.5 (p &lt; 0.001), whereas the baseline method reduced it to 15.8±15.6 (p &lt; 0.001). MOCOnet was significantly better than the baseline method in suppressing motion artefacts and more consistently (p = 0.007).Conclusion: MOCOnet demonstrated significantly better motion correction performance compared to a traditional image registration approach. Salvaging data affected by motion with robustness and in a time-efficient manner may enable better image quality and reliable images for immediate clinical interpretation.
Assessment of the Cardiovascular Risk Profile of Infants Exposed to Pre-eclampsia in-utero: A Prospective Case-Control Study in South African Children of African Ancestry
Authors: Nkeh-Chungag Benedicta Ngwenchi , Engwa Godwill Azeh , Businge Charles , Kutllovci-Hasani Kaltrina , Kengne Andre P. , Goswami Nandu 
Published: November 2021

Background: It has been reported that maternal gestational environment may be programmed to have a significant impact on foetal and offspring health later in life. Studies have shown that children born to pre-eclamptic mothers are prone to obesity, hypertension, and diabetes in their adult life. However, such findings are yet to be established in an African population. This protocol is for a study aiming to investigate the relationship between pre-eclampsia (PE) and cardiovascular risk in children born to pre-eclamptic mothers in a South African population of African descents.Methods: A prospective case-control design will be employed to recruit pre-eclamptic and normotensive pregnant women and their offspring after birth. Pregnant women will be assessed for cardiovascular risk factors including PE, obesity, haemodynamics, lipids, glycaemic indices, oxidative stress, and vascular function at 30 weeks of gestation. The cardiovascular risk profile of their offspring will be assessed at birth and 6 weeks later. The difference in cardiovascular risk profile between children born to the pre-eclamptic and normotensive mothers will be compared and the correlation between maternal and offspring cardiovascular risks will be investigated.Discussion: This will be the first prospective study to assess the in-utero effect of cardiovascular risk in offspring born to pre-eclamptic women of African ancestry. It is expected that findings from this study will provide information on the cardiovascular effect of in-utero exposure to PE in a population of African ancestry. This knowledge will advise policy on the management of women with PE with a view of protecting cardiovascular health in offspring.
Risk Factors, Prognostic Factors, and Nomogram for Distant Metastasis in Breast Cancer Patients Without Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Min Yu , Liu Xiaoman , Hu Daixing , Chen Hang , Chen Jialin , Xiang Ke , Yin Guobing , Han Yuling , Feng Yang , Luo Haojun 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundLymph node negative (N0) breast cancer can be found coexisting with distant metastasis (DM), which might consequently make clinicians underestimate the risk of relapse and insufficient treatment for this subpopulation.MethodsThe clinicopathological characteristics of N0 breast cancer patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between January 2010 and December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariate logistic and Cox analyses were used to identify independent risk factors in promoting DM and the 1-, 3-, and 5- year cancer-specific survival (CSS) in this subpopulation.ResultSeven factors including age (&lt;40 years), tumor size (&gt;10 mm), race (Black), location (central), grade (poor differentiation), histology (invasive lobular carcinoma), and subtype (luminal B and Her-2 enriched) were associated with DM, and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.776 (95% CI: 0.763–0.790). Moreover, T1-3N0M1 patients with age &gt;60 years at diagnosis, Black race, triple-negative breast cancer subtype, no surgery performed, and multiple DMs presented a worse 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS. The areas under the ROC for 1-, 3-, and 5- year CSS in the training cohort were 0.772, 0.741, and 0.762, respectively, and 0.725, 0.695, and 0.699 in the validation cohort.ConclusionThe clinicopathological characteristics associated with the risk of DM and the prognosis of female breast cancer patients without lymph node metastasis but with DM are determined. A novel nomogram for predicting 1-, 3-, 5- year CSS in T1-3N0M1 patients is also well established and validated, which could help clinicians better stratify patients who are at a high-risk level for receiving relatively aggressive management.
Sex-Specific Associations of Testosterone and Genetic Factors With Health Span
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Liang Shuang , Wang Nanxi , Hong Tongtong , Sambou Muhammed Lamin , Fan Jingyi , Zhu Meng , Wang Cheng , Hang Dong , Jiang Yue , Dai Juncheng 
Published: November 2021

BackgroundPrevious studies have suggested associations between testosterone, genetic factors, and a series of complex diseases, but the associations with the lifespan phenotype, such as health span, remain unclear.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we analyzed 145,481 men and 147,733 women aged 38–73 years old from UK Biobank (UKB) to investigate the sex-specific associations of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), or polygenic risk score (PRS) with health span termination (HST) risk. At baseline, serum testosterone levels were measured. HST was defined by eight events strongly associated with longevity. PRS, an efficient tool combining the effect of common genetic variants to discriminate genetic risk of complex phenotypes, was constructed by 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to health span from UKB (P ≤ 5.0 × 10−8). We used multivariable Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsWith a median follow-up time of 7.70 years, 26,748 (18.39%) men and 18,963 (12.84%) women had HST. TT was negatively associated with HST in men [HR per standard deviation (SD) increment of log-TT: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88–0.97]. Inversely, both TT (HR per SD increment of log-TT: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.08) and FT (HR per SD increment of log-FT: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05–1.11) presented an increased risk of HST in women. PRS was positively associated with HST risk (quintile 5 versus quintile 1, men, HR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.15–1.24; women, HR: 1.21, 95% CI: 1.16–1.27). Moreover, men with high TT and low genetic risk showed the lowest HST risk (HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.73–0.88), whereas HST risk for women with both high TT and genetic risk increased obviously (HR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.19–1.46). Similar joint effects were observed for FT in both genders.ConclusionsWe observed sex-specific associations that testosterone was negatively associated with HST risk in men and positively associated with HST risk in women. Genetic factors increased the HST risk, suggesting that participants with both high genetic risk and abnormal testosterone levels (high level in women or low level in men) should be the target for early intervention. Although our findings highlight the associations between testosterone and health span, further mechanistic studies and prospective trials are warranted to explore the causation behind.
Lignin-Assisted Water Electrolysis for Energy-Saving Hydrogen Production With Ti/PbO2 as the Anode
Authors: Li Jiayi , Zhou Wei , Huang Yuming , Gao Jihui 
Published: November 2021

Replacing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which is of high energy consumption and slow kinetics, with the more thermodynamically favorable reaction at the anode can reduce the electricity consumption for hydrogen production. Here we developed a lignin-assisted water electrolysis (LAWE) process by using Ti/PbO2 with high OER overpotential as the anode aimed at decreasing the energy consumption for hydrogen production. The influence of key operating parameters such as temperature and lignin concentration on hydrogen production was analyzed. Compared with alkaline water electrolysis (AWE), the anode potential can be decreased from 0.773 to 0.303 (V vs. Hg/HgO) at 10 mA/cm2 in LAWE, and the corresponding cell voltage can be reduced by 546 mV. With increasing the temperature and lignin concentration, current density and H2 production rate were efficiently promoted. Furthermore, the anode deactivation was investigated by analyzing the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests. Results showed that the anode deactivation was affected by the temperature.