bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ex-Ante Prioritarianism Violates Sequential Ex-Ante Pareto
Authors: Gustafsson Johan E. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractPrioritarianism is a variant of utilitarianism. It differs from utilitarianism in that benefiting individuals matters more the worse off these individuals are. On this view, there are two standard ways of handling risky prospects: Ex-Post Prioritarianism adjusts for prioritizing the worse off in final outcomes and then values prospects by the expectation of the sum total of those adjusted values, whereas Ex-Ante Prioritarianism adjusts for prioritizing the worse off on each individual's expectation and then values prospects by the sum total of those adjusted expectations. A standard objection to Ex-Post Prioritarianism is that it violates Ex-Ante Pareto, that is, it prescribes choices that worsen the expectations for everyone. In this article, I argue that Ex-Ante Prioritarianism suffers from much the same problem: it violates a sequential version of Ex-Ante Pareto, that is, it prescribes sequences of choices that worsen the expectations for everyone.
Did you see that? False memories for emotional words in bilingual children
Authors: Cangelosi Martina , Bossi Francesco , Palladino Paola 
Published: December 2021

AbstractWhen participants process a list of semantically strongly related words, the ones that were not presented may later be said, falsely, to have been on the list. This ‘false memory effect’ has been investigated by means of the DRM paradigm. We applied an emotional version of it to assess the false memory effect for emotional words in bilingual children with a minority language as L1 (their mother tongue) and a monolingual control group. We found that the higher emotionality of the words enhances memory distortion for both the bilingual and the monolingual children, in spite of the disadvantage related to vocabulary skills and of the socioeconomic status that acts on semantic processing independently from the condition of bilingualism. We conclude that bilingual children develop their semantic knowledge separately from their vocabulary skills and parallel to their monolingual peers, with a comparable role played by Arousal and Valence.
Hyperparameters optimization of neural network using improved particle swarm optimization for modeling of electromagnetic inverse problems
Authors: Sarkar Debanjali , Khan Taimoor , Ahmed Talukdar Fazal 
Published: December 2021

AbstractOptimization of hyperparameters of artificial neural network (ANN) usually involves a trial and error approach which is not only computationally expensive but also fails to predict a near-optimal solution most of the time. To design a better optimized ANN model, evolutionary algorithms are widely utilized to determine hyperparameters. This work proposes hyperparameters optimization of the ANN model using an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm. The different ANN hyperparameters considered are a number of hidden layers, neurons in each hidden layer, activation function, and training function. The proposed technique is validated using inverse modeling of two meander line electromagnetic bandgap unit cells and a slotted ultra-wideband antenna loaded with EBG structures. Three other evolutionary algorithms viz. hybrid PSO, conventional PSO, and genetic algorithm are also adopted for the hyperparameter optimization of the ANN models for comparative analysis. Performances of all the models are evaluated using quantitative assessment parameters viz. mean square error, mean absolute percentage deviation, and coefficient of determination (R2). The comparative investigation establishes the accurate and efficient prediction capability of the ANN models tuned using IPSO compared to other evolutionary algorithms.
Surface Mass Balance Controlled by Local Surface Slope in Inland Antarctica: Implications for Ice‐Sheet Mass Balance and Oldest Ice Delineation in Dome Fuji
Authors: Van Liefferinge Brice , Taylor Drew , Tsutaki Shun , Fujita Shuji , Gogineni Prasad , Kawamura Kenji , Matsuoka Kenichi , Moholdt Geir , Oyabu Ikumi , Abe‐Ouchi Ayako , Awasthi Abhishek , Buizert Christo , Gallet Jean‐Charles , Isaksson Elisabeth , Motoyama Hideaki , Nakazawa Fumio , Ohno Hiroshi , O’Neill Charles , Pattyn Frank , Sugiura Konosuke 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe limited number of surface mass balance (SMB) observations in the Antarctic inland hampers estimates of ice‐sheet contribution to global sea level and locations with million‐year‐old ice. We present finely resolved SMB over the past three centuries in a low‐accumulation region with significant depth hoar formation on Dome Fuji derived from ∼1,100 km of microwave radar stratigraphy dated with a firn core. The regional‐mean SMB over the past 264 years is estimated to ∼22.5 ± 3.3 kg m−2 a−1, but with large local variability of up to 30%. We found that local SMB is negatively correlated with surface slope at scales of a few hundred meters, resulting in anomalous zones of low SMB which represent as much as 8–10% of the total SMB on the inland plateau if the SMB‐slope relationship is more widely valid. This impact should be investigated further to improve estimates of Antarctic mass balance and sea‐level contribution.
Emerging Trends in Arctic Solar Absorption
Authors: Sledd A. , L’Ecuyer T. S. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractRecent satellite observations confirm that the Arctic is absorbing more solar radiation now than at the start of this century in response to declining Arctic sea ice and snow covers. Trends in the solar radiation input to Arctic ocean and land surfaces now each exceed interannual variability at the 95% confidence level, although all‐sky trends have taken 20%–40% longer to emerge compared to clear‐sky conditions. Clouds reduce mean solar absorption and secular trends over both land and ocean, but the effect of clouds on natural variability depends on the underlying surface. While clouds increase the time needed to unambiguously identify trends in nearly all Arctic regions, their masking effects are strongest over oceans. Clouds have extended the time to emergence of already observed clear‐sky trends beyond the existing 21 years Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System record in half of eight Arctic seas, supporting the need for continued satellite‐based radiative flux observations over the Arctic.
Threshold Conditions for the Shift Between Vegetated and Barebed Rivers
Authors: Calvani G. , Carbonari C. , Solari L. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractVegetation plays a fundamental role in riverine environments, by affecting both hydrodynamics and morphodynamics. At the same time, flow velocity and sediment scouring influence the decay of plants by uprooting. The balance among such interactions defines whether or not rivers are colonized by submerged or emergent vegetation. Previous studies focused on the shift between vegetated and barebed conditions through flume experiments or numerical simulations. Herein, we derive analytical formulations for the threshold in terms of flow velocity and Froude number, by accounting for the conditions of submergence. Both the formulations predict lower thresholds for submerged vegetation than emergent plants. Vegetation characteristics and flow regime variability play the major role in controlling the thresholds. The comparison of the proposed relationships to available data shows a good agreement. These results have important implications to understand bio‐morphological changes induced by natural and human factors, as well as to design effective river restoration projects.
Energetic Electron Precipitation Induced by Oblique Whistler Mode Chorus Emissions
Authors: Hsieh Yi‐Kai , Omura Yoshiharu , Kubota Yuko 
Published: December 2021

AbstractEnergetic electron acceleration and precipitation in the Earth's outer radiation belt are highly associated with wave‐particle interactions between whistler mode chorus waves and electrons. We perform test particle simulations to investigate electrons interacting with parallel and oblique chorus emissions with maximum amplitude 2.1 nT and 370 pT at L = 4.5. We build up a database of Green's functions, which are treated as results of the input electrons interacting with one chorus emission. The loss process of electrons caused by consecutive chorus emissions in the outer radiation belt are traced by applying the convolution integrals of distribution functions and the Green's functions. Oblique chorus emissions lead to more electron precipitation than parallel chorus emissions in the range 370 pT–2.1 nT. By checking the resonance condition and resonant energies, we find that electrons are difficult to be scattered into the loss cone directly by Landau resonance. We propose a two‐step precipitation process for oblique chorus emissions that contributes to more electron loss: (a) Through Landau resonance interaction with a chorus emission, electrons at high pitch angles are effectively accelerated in the parallel direction, and their pitch angles become lower. (b) The electrons bounce back toward the equator, and they are pushed into loss cone through nonlinear scattering due to cyclotron resonance with another chorus emission. The combination of Landau resonance and cyclotron resonance by oblique chorus emissions results in a higher precipitation rate than the single cyclotron resonance by purely parallel chorus emissions.
Use of Twenty Years CLUSTER/FGM Data to Observe the Mean Behavior of the Magnetic Field and Current Density of Earth's Magnetosphere
Authors: Robert P. , Dunlop M. W. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe data from the CLUSTER FGM magnetometer, recorded for 20 years at ESA's Cluster Science Archive, as well as the position of the spacecraft, have been used to form a database aligned in time. It allows the calculation of curl(B) over all the lifetime of the mission (representing the current density via ). The and data are then bin averaged, as a function of the dipole tilt angle, to form a 3D grid of spatial extent of about 20 RE, and for any spatial resolution. From these data grids, maps of the direction of the magnetic field and of the current density can be produced, allowing the observation of the average behavior of the magnetic field and the current density on a large scale. The validity of the calculation of is discussed. By means of spatial interpolation, the grids are used to provide a measurement of the magnetic field at any point in space where the grid is filled. This allows the possibility of ray tracing to obtain empirical plots of the magnetic field lines, that is, modeled from experimental data. Field lines near the cusp can be visualized, although smoothed by the averaging of the IMF and solar wind parameters. In future work it would be possible to add other classification criteria than just the dipole tilt angle, such as various activity indices and solar wind parameters. The prospect of adding data from other missions (such as MMS?) would extend the regions that have been covered by Cluster, and increase the spatial extent of the 3D grid and its resolution.
Massive Multi‐Mission Statistical Study and Analytical Modeling of the Earth's Magnetopause: 3. An Asymmetric Non Indented Magnetopause Analytical Model
Authors: Nguyen G. , Aunai N. , Michotte de Welle B. , Jeandet A. , Lavraud B. , Fontaine D. 
Published: December 2021

AbstractIn a companion statistical study, we showed that the expression of the magnetopause surface as a power law of an elliptic function of the zenith angle θ holds at lunar distances, that the flaring of the magnetopause surface is influenced by the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) By component and that the IMF Bx component had no influence on the stand‐off distance. As a follow‐up to these statistical results, this paper presents a new empirical analytical asymmetric and non‐indented model of the magnetopause location and shape. This model is obtained from fitting of 15,349 magnetopause crossings using 17 different spacecraft and is parametrized by the upstream solar wind dynamic and magnetic pressures, the IMF clock angle and the Earth dipole tilt angle. The constructed model provides a more accurate prediction of the magnetopause surface location than current Magnetopause surface models, especially on the night side of the magnetosphere.
Active surveillance inclusion criteria under scrutiny in magnetic resonance imaging-guided prostate biopsy: a multicenter cohort study
Authors: Kornienko Kira , Siegel Fabian , Borkowetz Angelika , Hoffmann Manuela A. , Drerup Martin , Lieb Verena , Bruendl Johannes , Höfner Thomas , Cash Hannes , von Hardenberg Jost , Westhoff Niklas ,   GESRU Academics Prostate Cancer Group, von Hardenberg Jost , Beyer Burkhard , Bründl Johannes , Cash Johannes , Herrmann Jonas , Radtke Jan Philipp , Hoffmann Manuela A. , Leitsmann Conrad , Kornienko Kira , Worst Thomas , Borgmann Hendrik , Linxweiler Johannes , Klümper Niklas , Wenzel Mike , Welte Maria Noemi , Westhoff Niklas , Würnschimmel Christoph , Sigle August , Mahjoub Samy , Ortner Gernot , Kwe Jeremy , Langenberger Sven-Thorben 
Published: December 2021

Abstract
Background
Although multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is recommended for primary risk stratification and follow-up in Active Surveillance (AS), it is not part of common AS inclusion criteria. The objective was to compare AS eligibility by systematic biopsy (SB) and combined MRI-targeted (MRI-TB) and SB within real-world data using current AS guidelines.

Methods
A retrospective multicenter study was conducted by a German prostate cancer (PCa) working group representing six tertiary referral centers and one outpatient practice. Men with PCa and at least one MRI-visible lesion according to Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2 were included. Twenty different AS inclusion criteria of international guidelines were applied to calculate AS eligibility using either a SB or a combined MRI-TB and SB. Reasons for AS exclusion were assessed.

Results
Of 1941 patients with PCa, per guideline, 583–1112 patients with PCa in both MRI-TB and SB were available for analysis. Using SB, a median of 22.1% (range 6.4–72.4%) were eligible for AS. Using the combined approach, a median of 15% (range 1.7–68.3%) were eligible for AS. Addition of MRI-TB led to a 32.1% reduction of suitable patients. Besides Gleason Score upgrading, the maximum number of positive cores were the most frequent exclusion criterion. Variability in MRI and biopsy protocols potentially limit the results.

Conclusions
Only a moderate number of patients with PCa can be monitored by AS to defer active treatment using current guidelines for inclusion in a real-world setting. By an additional MRI-TB, this number is markedly reduced. These results underline the need for a contemporary adjustment of AS inclusion criteria.
The Calcivis story - enamel caries activity assessment from technology to practice
Authors: Pitts Nigel B. , Longbottom Chris , Christie Adam , Vernon Bruce , Bailey Graham 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe Calcivis story is one of innovation and collaboration to deliver new technology capable of helping dentists improve patient care through solving an unmet clinical need in assessing the activity of caries lesions in enamel. Presently, there is no system routinely used in dental practice that can, in a single visit, determine whether a non-cavitated caries lesion is active or not. Calcivis has evolved since 2005, when a potential link between basic science in luminescence and differentiating initial-stage caries lesions that are actively demineralising and likely to progress, from other lesions which are inactive and currently do not need interventive care, was recognised. The 16-year journey has involved clinical academic dentists, scientists and entrepreneurs, general practitioners and their patients, together with serial investors and a core team working to patent, refine, assess and develop products to submit to regulatory approval and take to the international dental market. This journey has been made possible through effective long-term collaborations between disparate groups all sharing a common vision for the possibilities of harnessing new technology to help dental professionals provide better care for their patients.
Hedgehog-inspired magnetic nanoparticles for effectively capturing and detecting exosomes
Authors: Yang Wenjun , Yu Yunru , Shou Xin , Zhang Dagan , Liang Gaofeng , Zhao Yuanjin 
Published: December 2021

AbstractExosomes, as one type of extracellular vesicle derived from multiple cells, have much potential as cancer biomarkers in clinical applications, but their enrichment and detection remain a huge challenge. Herein, inspired by the burr-like structure of the hedgehog, we present a new nanoparticle with a nanoneedle-assembled shell and a magnetic core for the effective capture and detection of exosomes. The unique nanoneedle structures endowed the magnetic nanoparticles with a large surface area for antibody modification so that the nanoparticles could serve as a platform for efficient exosome capture. In addition, the controllable movement of exosome-combined nanoparticles, which is due to the magnetic iron oxide cores, provides tremendous convenience for separating exosomes. The practical value of these nanoparticles in exosome analyses of serum from healthy patients and patients with liver cancer has also been demonstrated. Thus, we believe that bioinspired hierarchical nanoparticles are promising for biomedical and clinical applications.
Overemphasis on recovery inhibits community transformation and creates resilience traps
Authors: Rachunok Benjamin , Nateghi Roshanak 
Published: December 2021

AbstractBuilding community resilience in the face of climate disasters is critical to achieving a sustainable future. Operational approaches to resilience favor systems’ agile return to the status quo following a disruption. Here, we show that an overemphasis on recovery without accounting for transformation entrenches ‘resilience traps’–risk factors within a community that are predictive of recovery, but inhibit transformation. By quantifying resilience including both recovery and transformation, we identify risk factors which catalyze or inhibit transformation in a case study of community resilience in Florida during Hurricane Michael in 2018. We find that risk factors such as housing tenure, income inequality, and internet access have the capability to trigger transformation. Additionally, we find that 55% of key predictors of recovery are potential resilience traps, including factors related to poverty, ethnicity and mobility. Finally, we discuss maladaptation which could occur as a result of disaster policies which emphasize resilience traps.
EpoR stimulates rapid cycling and larger red cells during mouse and human erythropoiesis
Authors: Hidalgo Daniel , Bejder Jacob , Pop Ramona , Gellatly Kyle , Hwang Yung , Maxwell Scalf S. , Eastman Anna E. , Chen Jane-Jane , Zhu Lihua Julie , Heuberger Jules A. A. C. , Guo Shangqin , Koury Mark J. , Nordsborg Nikolai Baastrup , Socolovsky Merav 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe erythroid terminal differentiation program couples sequential cell divisions with progressive reductions in cell size. The erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) is essential for erythroblast survival, but its other functions are not well characterized. Here we use Epor−/− mouse erythroblasts endowed with survival signaling to identify novel non-redundant EpoR functions. We find that, paradoxically, EpoR signaling increases red cell size while also increasing the number and speed of erythroblast cell cycles. EpoR-regulation of cell size is independent of established red cell size regulation by iron. High erythropoietin (Epo) increases red cell size in wild-type mice and in human volunteers. The increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) outlasts the duration of Epo treatment and is not the result of increased reticulocyte number. Our work shows that EpoR signaling alters the relationship between cycling and cell size. Further, diagnostic interpretations of increased MCV should now include high Epo levels and hypoxic stress.
Integrated single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals heterogeneity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment
Authors: Dinh Huy Q. , Pan Feng , Wang Geng , Huang Qing-Feng , Olingy Claire E. , Wu Zhi-Yong , Wang Shao-Hong , Xu Xin , Xu Xiu-E , He Jian-Zhong , Yang Qian , Orsulic Sandra , Haro Marcela , Li Li-Yan , Huang Guo-Wei , Breunig Joshua J. , Koeffler H. Phillip , Hedrick Catherine C. , Xu Li-Yan , Lin De-Chen , Li En-Min 
Published: December 2021

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment is a highly complex ecosystem of diverse cell types, which shape cancer biology and impact the responsiveness to therapy. Here, we analyze the microenvironment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) using single-cell transcriptome sequencing in 62,161 cells from blood, adjacent nonmalignant and matched tumor samples from 11 ESCC patients. We uncover heterogeneity in most cell types of the ESCC stroma, particularly in the fibroblast and immune cell compartments. We identify a tumor-specific subset of CST1+ myofibroblasts with prognostic values and potential biological significance. CST1+ myofibroblasts are also highly tumor-specific in other cancer types. Additionally, a subset of antigen-presenting fibroblasts is revealed and validated. Analyses of myeloid and T lymphoid lineages highlight the immunosuppressive nature of the ESCC microenvironment, and identify cancer-specific expression of immune checkpoint inhibitors. This work establishes a rich resource of stromal cell types of the ESCC microenvironment for further understanding of ESCC biology.
Electronic nicotine delivery systems exhibit reduced bronchial epithelial cells toxicity compared to cigarette: the Replica Project
Authors: Caruso Massimo , Emma Rosalia , Distefano Alfio , Rust Sonja , Poulas Konstantinos , Zadjali Fahad , Giordano Antonio , Volarevic Vladislav , Mesiakaris Konstantinos , Al Tobi Mohammed , Boffo Silvia , Arsenijevic Aleksandar , Zuccarello Pietro , Giallongo Cesarina , Ferrante Margherita , Polosa Riccardo , Li Volti Giovanni ,   the Replica Project Group, Pulvirenti Roberta , Carota Giuseppe , Spampinato Maria Rita , Caruso Tancredi , Karanasios Georgios , Albalushi Najwa , Canciello Angelo , Ilic Aleksandar 
Published: December 2021

AbstractElectronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may reduce health risks associated with chronic exposure to smoke and their potential benefits have been the matter of intense scientific debate. We aimed to replicate three published studies on cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of cigarette smoke and ENDS aerosol in an independent multi-center ring study. We aimed to establish the reliability of results and the robustness of conclusions by replicating the authors’ experimental protocols and further validating them with different techniques. Human bronchial epithelial cells (NCI-H292) were exposed to cigarette whole smoke and vapor phase and to aerosol from ENDS. We also assessed the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 and the remodeling mediator matrix metalloproteinase-1. We replicated cell viability results and confirmed that almost 80% of cytotoxic effects are due to volatile compounds in the vapor phase of smoke. Our findings substantiated the reduced cytotoxic effects of ENDS aerosol. However, our data on inflammatory and remodeling activity triggered by smoke differed significantly from those in the original reports. Taken together, independent data from multiple laboratories clearly demonstrated the reduced toxicity of ENDS products compared to cigarettes.